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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
of this countermeasure have not been considered fea-
sible to date. Determining the feasibility of this counter-
measure was the primary focus of this study. Using the
hazardous compounds, phenol and methanol, as test
substances, treatability studies were performed using
acclimated bacteria to estimate their growth kinetic
and substrate removal rates and the effects of those
coefficients of environmental variables such as tem-
perature, pM, and salinity in ranges found typically in
fresh and estuarine waters. Biological countermeas-
ures were shown to be a feasible method for hazard-
ous material spill removal within certain limitations im-
posed by the toxicity of the material to bacteria and its
initial concentration.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, Water pollution,
Feasibility, Countermeasures, Phenol, Methyl alcohol,
Performance evaluation. Bacteria, Yeasts, "Biological
processes, 'Hazardous materials spill.
PB84-140292/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Submerged Aquatic Vegetation in Upper Chesa-
peake Bay: Studies Related to Possible Causes of
the Recent Decline in Abundance. Technical rept.,
Maryland Univ., Cambridge. Center for Environmental
and Estuarine Studies.
W. M. Kemp, W. R. Boynton, J. C. Stevenson, J. C.
Means, and R. R. Twilley. Jan 84, 341pCONTRIB-
1431, EPA-600/3-84-015
Grants EPA-R-805932, EPA-X-003248
This paper provides a synthesis of research conducted
on possible causes of the decline in abundance of sub-
merged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in upper Chesa-
peake Bay beginning in the late 1960's. Three factors
potentially were emphasized in this study: Runoff of
agricultural herbicides: erosional inputs of fine-grain
sediments; nutrient enrichment and associated algal
growth. Widespread use of herbicides in the estuarine
watershed occurred contemporaneous with the SAV
loss; however, extensive sampling of estuarine water
and sediments during 1980-81 revealed that typical
bay concentrations of herbicides (primarily atrazine)
rarely exceeded 2ppb.
Keywords: 'Aquatic plants, "Water pollution, "Chesa-
peake Bay, Soils, Runoff, Herbicides, Sediments, Nu-
trients, Algae, Turbidity, Plant growth, Toxicity, Sam-
pling, Chemical analysis, Chlorine organic compounds,
Concentration(Composition), Stress(Physiology), Pho-
tosynthesis, Tables(Data), Vascular plants, Aatrex,
Linuron, Water pollution effects(Plants).
PB84-140326/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Exploratory Research.
Institutional Responses to Contamination of
Ground Water Used for Public Water Supplies: Im-
plications for EPA Research and Development
Programs. Final rept.,
ICF, Inc., Washington, DC.
T. R. Breton, and S. N. Payne. Jan 84,213p EPA-600/
6-84-004
Contract EPA-68-02-3718
This report is organized into sections addressing the
methodology employed, characteristics of the cases
analyzed, research and development needs, and con-
clusions on trends in organic contamination of ground
water. The methodology section describes the proce-
dure used in identify water systems with contaminated
?round water and to select the cases studied in depth,
he analysis section describes various technical and
organizational aspects of the case studies, as well as
problems commonly encountered.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Water pollution, Surveys,
Water wells, Water supply. Organic compounds, Toxic-
ity, Aquifers, Management, Public health, Metals, Or-
ganizations, National government, State government.
Monitoring, Municipalities, Hazardous materials,
Waste disposal, Case studies, "Drinking water.
PB84-140342/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Damage Coat Models tor Pollution Effects on Ma-
larial. Final rept.,
TRC Environmental Consultants, Inc., Wethersfield,
CT.
E. F. McCarthy, A. R. Stankunas, and J. E. Yocom. Jan
84, 149p EPA-600/3-84-012
Contract EPA-68-02-3447
Two economic benefit models were developed to
quantify the effects of ambient air pollutants on man-
made materials exposed in urban environments. The
models use existing physical damage functions, esti-
mates of material in place and average repair or re-
placement costs to calculate the use life maintenance
costs as a function of air pollutant concentration.
Keywords: "Maintenance, Construction materials,
Damage, Steels, Sulfur dioxide, Paints, Elastomers,
Ozone, Degradation, Economic models, "Air pollution
effects(Materials), "Cost models.
PB84-140383/HSU	PC A04/MF AOI
Evaluation of Capillary Systems for the Analysis
of Environmental Extracts,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
T. A. Bellar, P. Stemmer, and J. J. Lichtenberg. Jan 84,
63p EPA-600/4-84-004
The quantitative and qualitative aspects of splitless
and on-column capillary column injectors for the analy-
sis of environmental extracts for priority pollutants are
investigated. Precision data are presented for a wide
variety of compounds introduced into a splitless injec-
tor by manual and totally automated injection prac-
tices. Similar studies are performed using manual in-
jections into an on-column injector. Other studies in-
clude capillary system reactivity toward liable analytes,
column selection, and the identification of the limita-
tions of current capillary column systems with respect
to the analysis of complex extracts. Sufficient experi-
mental evidence is documented to support the need
for a unique quality assurance program, not associated
with packed column systems.
Keywords: "Water analysis, "Organic compounds,
"Solvent extraction, Chemical analysis, Gas chroma-
tography, Water pollution, Capillarity, Laboratory
equipment, Injection, "Water pollution detection.
PB84-140706/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Economic Analysis of Effluent Standards and
Limitations for the Pharmaceutical Industry.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Analysis and Evaluation.
Sep 83,106p EPA-440/2-83-013
This document is an economic impact assessment of
the effluent guidelines recently promulgated for the
pharmaceutical industiy, as well as guidelines pro-
posed for new direct dischargers. The report is being
distributed to EPA Regional Offices and state pollution
control agencies and directed to the staff responsible
for writing industrial discharge permits. The report in-
cludes detailed information on the costs and economic
impacts of various treatment technologies. It should be
helpful 1o the permit writer in evaluating the economic
impacts on an industrial facility that must comply with
BAT limitations or water quality standards.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Drug industry, "Econom-
ic impact, Standards, Sources, Assessments, Industri-
al wastes, Cost analysis, Guidelines, Water quality, Li-
censes, "Water pollution economics, "Water pollution
standards, "Water pollution abatement, Best technolo-
gy, New source performance standards,
Pretreatment(Water), Clear water Act, SIC 2831, SIC
2833, SIC 2834.
PB84-140870/HSU	PC A14/MF AOI
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Comprehensive Assessment of the Specific Com-
pounds Present In Combustion Processes,
volume 1. Pilot Study of Combustion Emissions
Variability. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
C. Haile, J. S. Stanley, R. M. Lucas, C. P. Nulton, and
W. L. Yauger, Jr. Jun 83,317p EPA-560/5-83-004
Contract EPA-68-01 -5915
Prepared in cooperation with Research Triangle Inst.,
Research Triangle, NC., Southwest Research Inst.,
San Antonio, TXT and Gulf South Research Inst., New
Orleans.
This pilot study was conducted as a prelude to a nation
wide survey of organic emissions from major stationary
combustion sources, The primary objectives of the
pilot study were to obtain data on the variability of or-
ganic emissions from two such sources and to evalu-
ate the sampling and analysis methods. These data
are used to construct the survey design for the nation-
wide survey. The compounds of interest are polynu-
clear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and chlorinated
aromatic compounds, including polychlorinated bi-
phenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins
(PCDDs), and polychlorinated di-benzofurans
(PCDFs). Of particular interest is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodi-
benzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). In addition total cadmium was
also determined in special samples from both plants to
meet special Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
needs. A summary of the results of this study is con-
tained in Section 2 of this report. Section 3 presents
recommendations for future work. Brief descriptions of
the two combustion sources are contained in Section
4. The sampling and analysis methods are described in
Sections 5 and 6. Sections 7 and 8 present the field
test data and analytical results. The analytical quality
assurance results are summarized in Section 9. Sec-
tion 10 presents the emissions results and Section 11
is a statistical summary of the emissions results.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Air pollution, Sur-
veys, Combustion products. Incinerators, Electric
power plants, Chlorine organic compounds, Cadmium,
Chemical analysis, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons,
Chlorine aromatic compounds, Sampling,
Tables(Data), Gas analysis, "Stationary sources, "Air
pollution sampling, "Air pollution detection, Polychlori-
nated dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins,
Total organic chlorine, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Di-
benzodioxin/tetrachloro.
PB84-1411S9/HSU	PC A03/MF AOI
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC
Data Base for Plumes with Significant Plume and
Background Particle Scattering. Interim rept. Jun
80-Jun 82,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
C. Seigneur, C. D. Johnson, J. A. Anderson, J. A.
McDonald, and L. W. Richards. Jan 84,47p EPA-600/
3-84-010
Contract EPA-68-02-3225
VISTTA (Visibility Impairment due to Sulfur Transport
and Transformation in the Atmosphere) is a program
sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency to study the effect of anthropogenic emissions
on atmospheric visibility. During the winter and
summer of 1981, plume measurement programs were
conducted in the vicinity of the Kincaid power plant
near Springfield, Illinois; the Labadie power plant near
St. Louis, Missouri; the La Cygne power plant near
Kansas City, Missouri; the Magma copper smelter near
San Manuel, Arizona; the Phelps-Dodge copper smelt-
er near Douglas, Arizona. This report presents a data
base collected during the 1981 VISTTA field program
that can be used for plume visibility model evaluation.
Specific data from nine sight paths through the Kincaid
power plant plume on 20, 24, and 25 February 1981,
the Labadie power plant plume on 24 and 29 August
1981, and the San Manuel smelter on 8 September
1981.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Visibility, "Sulfur, "Particles,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products. Electric
power plants, Plumes, Smelters, VISTTA program,
"Air pollution sampling, Case studies, Copper smelt-
ers, Springfield(lllinois), Saint Louis(Missouri), Kansas
City(Missouri),	San	Manuel(Arizona),
Douglas(Arizona).
PB84-141167/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Environmental Overview of Unconventional Ex-
traction of Uranium. Final rept. Nov 80-Feb 81,
WAPORA, Inc., Chevy Chase, MD.
J. I. Marlowe. Jan 84,132p EPA-600/7-84-006
Contract EPA-68-03-3035
Uranium mining areas in the United States are identi-
fied and briefly described, and the geologic, geochemi-
cal, and hydrologic factors associated with tne various
types of ore deposits are discussed. Uranium deposits
that are now being mined or have recently been mined
by solution-mining techniques are identified and briefly
described; as well, deposits for which licenses have
been obtained, but which thus far have not been

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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
mined, are listed. The techniques used in these proc-
esses of uranium extraction are described and dis-
cussed. The environmental impacts specifically asso-
ciated with these methods of extracting uranium are
identified, using examples from case histories of in situ
mining operations. Impacts on groundwater are of the
greatest concern, and problems associated with these
impacts are discussed. The major adverse impact is
contamination from the effects of lixiviant chemicals.
Restoration to acceptable post-mining conditions is a
major concern and technical problem. Existing or pro-
posed technologies to prevent or to control pollution
from in situ mining of uranium are identified and dis-
cussed, with emphasis on the problems associated
with groundwater.
Keywords: 'Extractive metallurgy, 'Uranium, Environ-
mental impacts, Water quality, Leaching, Ground
water, In-situ processing, Water pollution control.
PB84-141183/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Structure and Organization of Persistent Aquatic
Laboratory Communities Exposed to the Insecti-
cide Dleldrln. Final rept.,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Fisheries and
Wildlife.
W. J. Liss, B. L. McClurken-Lilley, and D. S. Lee. Jan
84, 90p EPA-600/3-84-013
Grant EPA-R-807457
Sixteen aquatic communities composed of persistent
populations of guppies (Poecilia reticulata), amphipods
(Gammarus fasciatus), snails (family Planorbidae),
planaria (Dugesia sp.), and various microinvertebrates
were established under laboratory conditions. Eight of
these communities received low energy input with low
habitat availability while the remaining eight communi-
ties had high habitat availability and received high
energy input. At each level of input, guppy populations
in two systems were exploited at either 0,10,20, or 40
percent of the population biomass each month. Ma-
croinvertebrates were also sampled monthly for popu-
lation counts and biomass measurements. After each
system reached near steady-state conditions, 1 micro-
gram/1 of dieldrin was introduced into one system of
each treatment. These systems were allowed to reach
new steady-state conditions.
Keywords: "Insecticides, Pesticides, Exposure, 'Diel-
drin, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), Poecilia reticu-
lata, Gammarus fasciatus, Dugesia.
PB84-141191/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Responses of Airborne Biota to Microwave Trans-
mission from Satellite Power System (SPS).
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Jan 84,444p EPA-600/1-84-001
Contracts EPA-68-02-3278, DE-AI01-79ER10060
Prepared in cooperation with Boston Univ., MA., and
Manomet Bird Observatory, MA.
The goal of this program is to determine whether
microwave irradiation adversely alters a wide-range of
complex avian behavior modes that are essential to
their survival. Effects of microwaves (2.45 GHz) have
been studied extensively in mammalian species, e.g.,
rats, mice, rabbits and monkeys, but very little informa-
tion is available for birds. Avian species, generally,
have higher rates of metabolism (especially during
flight), stand on two feet and have an elongated neck
that increases the amount of isolation between the
head and thorax. All of these anatomical features can
be expected to increase the susceptibility of birds to
hyperthermia, vestibular and neuromuscular dysfunc-
tion as well as more subtle altered behaviors, e.g., in
appropriate migratory behavior due to interference
with normal astronomical or geomagnetic clues.
Keywords: 'Behavior, 'Microwaves, 'Radiation ef-
fects, Birds, Survival, Migration, Metabolism, Re-
sponses.
PB84-141209/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Watershed Sensitivity Measurement Strategy for
Identifying Resources at Risk from Acidic Deposl-
tion,
Institute of Ecology, Indianapolis, IN.
0 L. Loucks, D. Rapport, W. Swanson, and R. W.
Miller. Jan 84, 92p EPA-600/3-84-011
58 Vol. 90, No. 24
Grant EPA-R-809328
Prepared in cooperation with Toronto Univ. (Ontario)
and Miami Univ., Oxford, OH.
Several lines of research on the effects of acidic depo-
sition have been supported by EPA through its Envi-
ronmental Research Laboratories and through a Co-
operative Agreement with North Carolina State Univer-
sity. The study reported here was carried out as a sub-
contract to the Institute of Ecology from N.C. State
University for research supporting programs at the En-
vironmental Research Laboratory-Duluth. The objec-
tives included review of existing literature on the use of
indices for quantifying resource status and predicting
long-term trends in relation to acidic deposition, review
of options as to the form of a 'sensitivity index' or load-
ing tolerance model for use in determining resources
at risk, and identification of validation steps needed to
complete testing of the measure or model, and to
begin its application.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Fishes, "Acidity, 'Lakes,
"Water pollution, Mortality, Combustion products,
Ecology, Fossil fuels, Industrial wastes, Risk, Toxicity,
Neutralizing, Aluminum, Metals, Toxicity, Oxidizers, In-
organic sulfates, Forest trees, Sensitivity, "Acid rain,
Heavy metals, Ecosystems.
PB84-141225/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Analysis of Water-Soluble Organics. Final rept. Mar
80-Sep 82,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
L. H. Sadowski, and J. C. Harris. Jan 84,166p ADL-
82480-19, EPA-600/2-84-012
Contract EPA-68-02-3111
The report gives results of several analytical proce-
dures for separating and detecting non-extractable
water-soluble organic material, including low molecular
weight acids, alcohols, ketones, and other categories
of compounds. (There are many ways to analyze hy-
drophobic extractable organics, but few for hydrophilic
materials.) An analytical scheme has been developed
that utilizes several chromatographic procedures
standards with known water-soluble compounds from
a variety of compound categories. The precision and
accuracy data for each compound analyzed using
these chromatographic systems are reported. Addi-
tional areas described in the report include: (1) the ap-
plication of total organic carbon/freeze drying to moni-
tor and concentrate non-extractable water-soluble al-
cohols from water; (2) the detection of specific com-
pound categories using colorimetric procedures such
as the Anthrone and Molisch tests: (3) the application
of Level 1 procedures using water-soluble model com-
pounds; (4) the evaluation of gas chromatography/
Fourier transformation infrared as a viable way to ana-
lyze hydrophilic materials in fractions obtained from
the Level 1 fractionation scheme; and (5) an analytical
way to detect linear alkylbenzene sulfonates.
Keywords: "Water pollution, 'Water analysis, 'Organic
compounds, Solubility, Extraction, Chemical analysis,
Acids, Alcohols, Ketones, Benzenesulfonic acids,
Concentration(Composition), Freeze drying, Chroma-
tographic analysis, Gas chromatography, Sampling,
Separation, Colorimetric analysis, 'Water pollution de-
tection, High performance liquid chromatography, Fou-
rier transformation spectroscopy.
PB84-141456/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstration of Pesticide
Products Containing Formetanate Hydrochloride
(097301) as the Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 83,84p
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Guidelines, Regulations,
Manufacturing, Insectides, Tables(Data), labeling,
Hazardous materials, "Registration, "Formetanate hy-
drochloride, Methanimidamide hydrochloride/N-N-di-
methyl-N-((((methylamino)carbonyl)oxy)phenyl), Fed-
eral Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, Toxic
substances.
PB84-141480/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Procedures for Estimating Dry Weather Sewage
In-Line Pollutant Deposition. Phase 2. Final rept. 1
May 78-30 May 79,
Environmental Design and Planning, Inc., Boston, MA.
W. C. Pisano, and C. S. Queiroz. Jan 84,34p EPA-600/
2-84-020
Grant EPA-R-804578
Planners, engineers, and municipal managers are
given generalized procedures/equations to estimate
the amount of pollutants deposited in combined sewer
systems during dry weather so they can make intelli-
gent decisions about sewer flushing programs and
other combined sewer management controls. The pre-
dictive equations relate the total daily mass of accumu-
lated pollutants deposited within a collection system to
the physical characteristics of collection systems such
as per capita waste rate, service area, total pipe
length, average pipe slope, average diameter, and
other more complicated parameters that derive from
analysis of pipe slope characteristics.
Keywords: "Sewage, "Combined sewers, "Water pol-
lution control, Accumulation, Sewer pipes, Deposition,
Mathematical models, Weather, Slope, Diameters,
Flushing, Area, Length, Droughts, Regression analy-
sis, Massachusetts.
PB84-141498/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Laboratory Studies of Soil Bedding Requirements
for Flexible Membrane Liners. Final rept. Dec 79-
Nov 82,
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS.
G. L. Carr, and R. C. Gunkel. Jan 84,81p EPA-600/2-
84-021
The initial objective of this study was to investigate the
performance of membrane liners during construction
of hazardous waste landfills and develop a means for
protecting the liners from damage. This objective in-
cluded the development of laboratory tests that could
be used to determine bedding and cover requirements
for protecting the membranes from puncture.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, "Earth fills, "Linings,
"Membranes,	Trafficability,	Subgrades,
Loads(Forces), Puncture resistance, Performance
evaluation.
PB84-141S06/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Aquatic Toxicity Tests to Characterize the Hazard
of Volatile Organic Chemicals in Water: A Toxicity
Data Summary. Parts 1 and 2,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
N. Ahmad, D. Benoit, L. Brooke, D. Call, and A.
Carlson. Jan 84,112p EPA-600/3-84-009
This summary presents acute and chronic toxicity test
data and bioconcentration factors compiled over a 2-
year period on fish and invertebrates exposed to sev-
eral representative chemicals from 5 chemical classes
(chlorinated ethanes, chlorinated benzenes, chlorinat-
ed ethylenes, chlorinated dienes, and chlorinated pro-
panes). The ranking of acute and chronic sensitivity
was generally the same for each chemical within each
class of chemicals for all three species tested. Both
the acute and chronic toxicity of all chemicals within a
class increased as the number of chlorines in the
chemical structure increased.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Water pollution, "Aquatic ani-
mals, 'Chlorine organic compounds, Fishes, Inverte-
brates, "Volatile organic compounds, "Water pollution
effects(Animals), Bioaccumulation, Ranking, Daphnia.
PB84-141514/HSU	PC A07/MF A01

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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Sulfide Precipitation of Heavy Metals: Effect of
Complexlng Agents. Final rept. on Phase 1,
Kentucky Univ., Lexington. Dept. of Chemical Engi-
neering.
D. Bhattacharyya, and Y. Ku. Jan 84,131 p EPA-600/
2-84-023
Grant EPA-R-807760
See also PB80-225725.
Process wastewaters containing heavy metals result
from metal finishing and production operations and
certain inorganic chemical manufacturing operations.
Depending on their origin, these process wastewaters
may also contain chelating agents such as EDTA, cit-
rate, etc. The effective removal of heavy metals or
their selective recovery, even at high pH, is often not
feasible by conventional hydroxide precipitation. Sul-
fide precipitation is an alternate method for the effec-
tive treatment of industrial wastewaters containing
highly toxic metals and this method is especially effec-
tive when completing or chelating agents are present
in the wastewaters.
Keywords:	'Chemical	industry,
'Precipitation(Chemistry), 'Chelating agents, 'Sulfiai-
zation, 'Water pollution control, 'Metal finishing, Inor-
ganic sulfides. Metals, Inorganic compounds, Industri-
al waste treatment, Performance evaluation,
Concentration(Composition), Chemical reactions,
EDTA, 'Heavy metals, Chemical reaction mecha-
nisms.
PB84-141522/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.- Duluth, MN.
Distribution, Abundance and Entralnment Studies
of Larval Fishes In the Western and Central
Basins of Lake Erie,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Center for Lake Erie Area
Research.
C. L. Cooper, J. J. Mizera, and C. E. Herdendorf. Jan
84,163p EPA-600/3-84-017
Grant EPA-R-804612
To assess the impact of entrainment of larval fishes at
steam generating electrical power plants, samples
were collected in Lake Erie. In 1975, 1976 and 1977
the Western Basin was sampled and in 1978 the sam-
pling was concentrated in the Central Basin. The 1975,
1976 sampling permitted calculation of an estimated
impact of entrainment of adult yellow perch and emer-
ald shiners using the adult approach. In 1978, 25 spe-
cies were collected from the Central Basin in Ohio
waters of which 82.4% were gizzard shad/alewives,
emerald and spottail shiners. Field collections yielded
higher estimates of entrainment than in-plant collec-
tions and significant differences were found between
entrainment estimates from field samples and from in-
plant samples from the Central Basin for gizzard shad,
rainbow smelt, carp and freshwater drum.
Keywords: 'Entrainment, 'Fresh water fishes, 'Ecolo-
gy, 'Lake Erie, Cooling water, Intake systems, Electric
power plants, Larvae, Sampling, Abundance,
Distribution(Property), Tables(Data), Perch, Catfishes,
Bass, Mortality, Estimates, Losses.
PB84-141530/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Methods for Determining the Location of Aban-
doned Wells. Final rept.,
East Central Oklahoma State Univ., Ada.
L. Aller. Jan 84,143p EPA-600/2-83-123
Grant EPA-R-809353
Prepared in cooperation with National Water Well As-
sociation, Worthington, OH.
Improperly plugged or unplugged abandoned wells
which penetrate an injection zone may provide a con-
duit for migration of injected fluids into freshwater
aquifers. To help minimize this serious environmental
threat, all abandoned wells within an area of review
around a proposed injection well should be located
and their condition assessed. A search for abandoned
wells may have three different objectives: (1) to pro-
vide an overview of the presence of absence of aban-
doned wells within an area, (2) to determine the status
of a particular well and establish the potential impact of
that well, and (3) to actually field locate the abandoned
well. The scope of the search may encompass all or
any combination of these objectives before the search
is completed. This document contains a discussion of
the application of methods which historically have
been used to locate abandoned wells, and technol-
ogies which may not have been for that purpose but
may have future application.
Keywords: 'Oil wells, 'Gas wells, 'Abandonment, Site
surveys, Technology assessment, Geophysical sur-
veys, Exploratory wells, Plugging, 'Abandoned wells.
PB84-141548/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Organic Emissions from Ferrous Metallurgical in-
dustries: Compilation of Emission Factors and
Control Technologies. Final rept. Jan 82-Sep 83,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. L. Stallings. Jan 84, 119p RTI/1883/09-03, EPA-
600/2-84-003
Contract EPA-68-02-3152
The report gives results of a review and analysis of the
information and data available in the public domain on
organic emissions from the ferrous metallurgy industry,
specifically the iron and steel, iron foundry, and ferroal-
loy industries. Emission sources and information gaps
are identified, and the credibility ratings or categories
in these industries, reported. Organic emission factors
for various source categories in these industries are
compiled. This report, which reflects accurately the
present state of knowledge about organic emissions in
the iron and steel, iron foundry, and ferroalloy indus-
tries, may be used as a guide to plan and direct pro-
grams for further studies, particularly a program to
characterize more precisely those classes of organic
species (comprising the volatile organic compound
category) that are released from the potential sources
identified.
Keywords: 'Metal industry, 'Air pollution control, 'Iron
and steel industry, "Organic compounds, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Foundries, Sources,
'Emission factors, Volatile organic compounds.
PB84-141563/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Fabric Filter System Study: Third Annual Report.
Rept. for Sep 79-Oct 80,
Southwestern Public Service Co.. Amarillo, TX.
K. L. Ladd, R. L. Chambers, O. C. Plunk, and S. L.
Kunka. Jan 84, 52p EPA-600/7-84-002
Contract EPA-68-02-2659
See also PB81 -185670.
The report gives results of the third year of operation
(ended October 1, 1980) of a fabric filter installed by
Southwestern Public Service Co. on its Harrington Sta-
tion Unit 2 coal-fired boiler in Amarillo, TX. Results of
the emissions testing program demonstrated that the
1971 EPA standard of 1.2 lb S02/million Btu can be
met by burning coal with a sulfur content lower than
0.5 percent. Particulate emissions were less than the
0.03 lb/million Btu standard in all four of the particulate
emissions tests. Fabric studies to date show that sev-
eral fabrics have a potential 3-year baglife. The oper-
ation and maintenance cost reported for the third year
of study is $434,800, or $1.21/yr/kW. Data analysis
continued through the third year. Information on boiler
02 levels, air-to-cloth ratio, temperature, system pres-
sure drop, and boiler load is being logged continuous-
ly.
Keywords: * Air pollution control equipment, 'Particles,
Air filters, Cost analysis, Combustion products, Indus-
trial wastes, Sulfur dioxide, Performance evaluation,
Operating control, Maintenance, Texas, 'Fabric filters,
'Coal fired power plants, Baghouses, Amarillo(Texas).
PB84-141779/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Guide to the Selection of Materials for Monitoring
Well Construction and Ground-Water Sampling.
Rept. for May 82-May 83,
Illinois State Water Survey Div., Champaign.
M.J. Barcelona, J. P. Gibb, and R. A. Miller. Jan 84,
87p EPA-600/2-84-024
Grant EPA-R-809966
The project was initiated to supplement and update ex-
isting guidance documents for effective ground-water
monitoring efforts. The areas of primary concern were
the potential sources of errors in chemical analyses of
subsurface samples caused by well construction and
sampling materials, techniques or procedures. A criti-
cal review of the literature was conducted on various
aspects of monitoring natural waters, materials' per-
formance data and unpublished information on the
success of various ground-water monitoring tech-
niques, The results of the literature review were col-
lected and reviewed by a panel of experts from gov-
ernment agencies, private hydrological consulting
firms, the manufacturing industry and national stand-
ards organization. The publication consists of a thor-
ough discussion of ground-water monitoring stratigies,
requirements and pitfalls. It concludes with a detailed
treatment of the costs and benefits of recommended
monitoring design criteria.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Aquifers, 'Water analysis,
'Water quality, 'Guidelines, Chemical analysis, Sam-
pling, Hydrology, Cost analysis. Construction materi-
als, Monitoring.
PB84-141878/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Geologic Observations at the 2800-Meter Radio-
active Waste Olsposal Site and Associated Deep-
water Dumpslte 106 (DWD-106) In the Atlantic
Ocean. (Revised). Final rept.,
Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, Palisades,
NY.
M. D. Rawson, and W. B. F. Ryan. Sep 83,63p EPA-
520/1-83-018
Contract EPA-68-01-3933
Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
During 1975 and 1976 a total of eight manned sub-
mersible dives with DSRV ALVIN were carried out in a
relatively small region of the Atlantic 2800m radioac-
tive waste dumpsite and were centered at 38 degrees
30'N and 72 degrees 09'W. Six other dives were dis-
tributed through the northern part of Deepwater Dump-
site 106 (DWD-106) near the boundary of the conti-
nental rise/continental slope. One of the primary pur-
poses of these dives was to observe the geological
conditions in this disposal region slightly south of the
Hudson submarine Canyon. The lower continental
slope was found to be incised by submarine canyons
debouching into the northern side of DWD-106. The
upper continental rise was incised by narrow meander-
ing channels. One of these channels passed through
the radioactive waste dumpsite and was surveyed in
detail. On the upper continental rise the local terrain
was relatively Hat but studded with numerous tracks,
trails, holes, and mounds of biological orgin. The sedi-
ment carpet was composed of a grapy silty-clay. De-
tailed mineralogical analysis was performed.
Keywords: 'Ocean bottom, North Atlantic Ocean, Sub-
marine canyons, Hudson Canyon, Continental rises,
Continental slopes, Marine geology, Containers, Sedi-
mentation, Packaging, 'Radioactive waste-disposal,
'Marine disposal, Deepwater Dumpsite 106, Low-level
radioactive wastes.
PB84-14224S/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
BACT/LAER (Best Available Control Technology/
Least Allowable Emission Rate) Information
System (BLIS) User's Manual. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Durham, NC.
D. Dunbar, and R. Paul. Aug 83,103p
Contract EPA-68-02-3512
See also PB83-248401.
The BACT/LAER clearinghouse is a collection of sum-
maries of permits issued by State, local and EPA Re-
gional Offices. The document is revised annually and
the data submitted is submitted voluntarily by the
above mentioned agencies. The clearinghouse is
available in both hard copy form and through the auto-
mated system. This document is a user's manual that
explains the method to retrieve the data through the
automated system.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Air pollution con-
trol, Technology, State government, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Tables(Data), Sources, Manu-
als, Best technology, Lowest achievable emission rate.
PB84-142298/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Photochemical Reactivity of Perchloroethylene: A
New Appraisal. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.

-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
B. Dimitriades, B. W. Gay, Jr., R. R. Arnts, and R. L.
Seila. 1983,16pEPA-600/J-83-129
Pub. in APCA Jnl., v33 N6 p575-587 1983. See also
PB83-163014.
Perchloroethylene (PCE), a solvent used in dry clean-
ing, has been suspected of contributing significantly to
photochemical ozone/oxidant (03/0(x)) problems in
urban atmospheres. Past evidence, however, was nei-
ther complete nor consistent. To interpret more con-
clusively the past evidence, and further understand
PCE's role in the 03/0(x) problem, a smog chamber
testing program was conducted. The program's objec-
tives were: (a) to explain the mechanism of the PCE re-
action in smog chamber atmospheres, and (b) to ex-
trapolate the smog chamber findings regarding PCE
reactivity to the real atmosphere. Results showed that
(a) in smog chambers, PCE reacts and forms 03/0(x)
following a C1-instigated photooxidation mechanisms
rather than the OH-instigated mechanizm accepted in
current smog chemistry, and (b) in the real atmosphere
neither the C1 -instigated nor the OH-instigated pho-
tooxidations of PCE can generate substantial concen-
trations of 03/0(x). In fact, PCE contributes less to the
ambient 03/0(x) problem than equal concentrations
of ethane.
Keywords: *Air pollution, "Solvents, "Ozone, "Oxi-
dizers, Urban areas, Chlorine organic compounds, Dry
cleaning, Test chambers, Smog, Nitrogen oxides,
Ethane, Chemical reactions, Reaction kinetics, Re-
prints, "Ethylene/perchloro, Volatile organic com-
pounds, Chemical reaction mechanisms.
PB84-142306/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Estimating Plume Dispersion: A Comparison of
Several Sigma Schemes. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J.S. Irwin. 1983, 26p EPA-600/J-82-107
Pub. in Jnl. of Climate and Applied Meteorology, v22
n1 p92-114 Jan 83.
The lateral and vertical Gaussian plume dispersion pa-
rameters are estimated and compared with field tracer
data collected at 11 sites. The dispersion parameter
schemes used in this analysis include Cramer's
scheme, suggested for tall stack dispersion estimates,
Draxier's scheme, suggested for elevated and surface
releases, Pasquill's scheme, suggested for interim use
in dispersion estimates, and the Pasquill-Gifford
scheme using Turner's techniques for assigning stabil-
ity categories. The schemes suggested by Cramer,
Draxler and Pasquill estimate the dispersion param-
eters using onsite measurements of the vertical and
lateral wind-velocity variances at the effective release
height. The performances of these schemes in esti-
mating the dispersion parameters are compared with
that of the Pasquill-Gifford scheme, using the Prairie
Grass and Karlsruhe data.
Keywords: "Sigma phases, Sites, Sampling, Field
tests, Air pollution, Concentration(Composition), Chim-
neys,	Graphs(Charts),	Comparison,
Wind(Meteorology), Reprints, "Gaussian plume
models, "Atmospheric dispersion, "Air pollution sam-
pling, Tracer techniques.
PB84-142314/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of Several Numerical Advection
Schemes. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
K. L. Schere. 1983,14p EPA-600/J-83-142
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v17 n10 p1897-
19071983.
The evolving class of air quality simulation models
(AQSM) is becoming a useful resource for air quality
analysts, meteorologists, engineers and others in-
volved in urban and regional air pollution control.
These models solve a numerical approximation to the
advection-diffusion equation with the addition of
source emissions, sink terms and often a set of chemi-
cal reaction terms. The work described here is an at-
tempt to evaluate several numerical methods for the
solution of the advection equation that also appear
practical for integration into the structure of an AQSM.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Mathematical
models, "Advection, Urban areas, Atmospheric diffu-
sion, Algorithms, Computerized simulation, Reprints,
"Air quality.
60 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB84-142322/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Relative Airborne Losses of Commercial 2,4-D
Formulations from a Simulated Wheat Field. Jour-
nal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. D. Gile. 1983, 8p EPA-600/J-83-126
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 12, p465-469 1983.
The relative airborne losses of seven commercial 2,4-
D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) formulations were
evaluated in a simulated wheat field. The formulations
tested were butyl ester, isooctyl ester, two propylene
glycol butyl ether esters, ethanol/isopropyl amine, and
two dimethyl amines. The butyl and isooctyl esters ex-
hibited the greatest airborne losses, followed by the
propylene glycol butyl ether esters. The amines were
nearly nonvolatile. Two to 4 days after application, the
2,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenoxyacetic acid metabolite
of 2,4-D predominated in all air samples. This material
as well as the 2,4-D acid predominated in all plant
samples with only traces of the parent esters ob-
served. No extractable 2,4-D related residues were de-
tected in the soil.
Keywords: "Air pollution, Wheat, Transport properties,
Esters, Sampling, Soil analysis, Field tests, Reprints,
*D 2-4 herbicide, "Path of pollutants, "Air pollution
sampling.
PB84-142330/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Algae Removal by the Overland Flow Process.
Journal article,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
J. L. Witherow, and B. E. Bledsoe. 1983, 10p EPA-
600/J-83-138
Pub. in Jnl. Water Pollution Control Federation, v55
n10 p1256-1262 Oct 83.
Control of algae production will be necessary when la-
goons are utilized as a preapplication treatment proc-
ess for overland flow. The overland flow process has a
surface discharge and must meet secondary treatment
limitations to be viable. Brief summaries of other algae
removal investigations are presented which do not
show a relationship between operational and design
criteria and discharge concentrations greater or less
than the secondary treatment limits for total suspend-
ed solids. The data from an investigation conducted at
the Robert S. Kerr Environmental Reserach Laborato-
ry indicate both the number and species of algae in the
applied wastewater control the ability of the overland
flow process to meet secondary treatment limits for
total suspended solids.
Keywords: "Algae, "Lagoons(Ponds), "Sewage dis-
posal, Removal, Nitrogen, Storage, Standards, Re-
prints, "Land disposal, "Overland flow process, Sus-
pended solids, "Secondary treatment.
PB84-142348/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Acute Toxicity of Ten Chlorinated Aliphatic Hy-
drocarbons to the Fathea Minnow (Pimephales
promelas). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
C. T. Walbridge, J. T. Fiandt, G. L. Phipps, and G. W.
Holcombe. 1983,9p EPA-600/J-83-141
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 12, p661-666 1983.
Ninety-six-hour LC50 values were determined for 10
chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons in freshwater flow-
through toxicity tests on fathead minnows (Pimephales
promelas).
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Chlorine aliphatic com-
pounds, "Hydrocarbons, Lethal dosage,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, Fathead min-
nows, Pimephales promelas, "Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB84-142355	Not available NTIS
Fate of Toxic Organic Compounds in Wastewater
Treatment Plants. Journal article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
A. C. Petrasek, I. J. Kugelman, B. M. Austern, and T. A.
Pressley. C1982,15p EPA-600/J-82-133
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Poll. Cont. 55, p1286-1296 1983.
The ability of conventional secondary treatment to
remove priority pollutants spiked into the raw
wastewater is investigated. Concentrations of influent,
effluent, and points within the treatment sequence are
given for 22 compounds in both spiked and control
trains.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Sewage treatment,
Pesticides, Phenols, Phthalates, Aromatic polycyclic
hydrocarbons, Chemical analysis, Pilot plants,
Concentration(Composition), Activated sludge proc-
ess, Reprints, "Path of pollutants, "Toxic substances,
"Publicly owned wastewater treatment.
PB84-142363	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Exposure Estimates for the Houston Area Asthma
Study. Journal article,
Texas Univ. Health Science Center at Houston.
D. J. Kotchmar, T. H. Stock, A. H. Holguin, and P. A.
Buffler. c 1982,13p EPA-600/J-82-420
Grants EPA-R-807108, EPA-R-808738
Pub. in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2,
p129-138 1982.
Procedures for determining exposure estimates for the
Houston Area Asthma Study are discussed. Two resi-
dential clusters of asthmatics in the Houston area
have been studied as part of an overall attempt to
assess the health effects of air pollution in the Texas
Gulf Coast area. Air pollutant exposure data have been
produced according to a three-tier monitoring scheme,
i.e. (1) continuous data from centrally-located fixed
stations, (2) residential indoor/outdoor measure-
ments, and (3) personal monitoring. This air monitoring
network should yield estimates of individual exposures
for use in health effect correlations. The fixed sites and
mobile continuously monitor ambient levels of ozone,
nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and
meteorological parameters (wind speed, wind direc-
tion, temperature, dew point, solar irradiation, and pre-
cipitation). A quality assurance/control program that
meets specifications established in the EPA Quality
Assurance Handbook for air pollution measurement
systems was implemented. Examples of results con-
sisting of unvalidated preliminary data from the moni-
toring for ozone for three participants is presented and
approaches to determining exposure estimates are
discussed for both an integrated exposure estimate
and short time period exposure estimate.
Keywords: "Asthma, "Air pollution, Exposure, Sam-
pling, Texas, Particles, Ozone, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur
dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Wind velocity. Rain, Public
health, Respiratory diseases, Reprints, "Air pollution
sampling, "Air pollution effects(Humans),
Houston(Texas), Indoor air pollution.
PB84-142371	Not available NTIS
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Postflame Behavior of Nitrogenous Species in the
Presence of Fuel Sulfur I. Rich, Moist, C0/Ar/02.
Journal article,
Arizona Univ., Tucson. Dept. of Chemical Engineering.
J. O. L. Wendt, E. C. Wootan, and T. L. Corley. C1983,
18p EPA-600/J-83-127
Grants EPA-R-803715, EPA-R-806685
Pub. in Combustion and Flame, v4 p261-274 1983.
The paper gives results of experimental measure-
ments of NO, N2, and other nitrogenous species in the
postflame games of rich (phi = 2.17) premixed laminar
C0/Ar/02 (trace H2) flames, with fuel nitrogen as NO,
C2N2, and NH3 and fuel sulfur as S02, which allowed
the nitrogen balance to be closed to within 7%. In the
absence of hydrocarbons, and with only a trace of hy-
drogen, NO decayed homogeneously to form N2 at
high temperatures, and the fate of nitrogen was inde-
pendent of the type of fuel nitrogen species. The effect
of fuel sulfur was to decrease postflame NO levels and
increase N2 more rapidly. The observed decay in NO
and formation of N2 were consistent with detailed ki-
netic calculations employing only the reverse Zekio-
vich mechanisms to form N and N2. There was no evi-
dence of other N2 formation mechanisms being impor-
tant for these hydrogen-poor flames, at either high or
low temperatures. Calculations also showed that the
most plausible effect of S02 in the mixture was to in-
crease the steady-state N-atom concentration through
direct interactions between N, NO, S, and SO. (Copy-

-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: * Air pollution, "Combustion products, 'Ni-
trogen, "Flames, "Nitrogen inorganic compounds,
Sampling, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis, Reaction
kinetics, Nitrogen oxide(NO), Reprints, "Chemical re-
action mechanisms, "Air pollution detection, Path of
pollutants.
PB84-142389	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Cuticular Lesions Induced In Grass Shrimp Ex-
posed to Hexavalent Chromium. Journal article,
University of West Florida, Pensacola. Dept. of Biol-
ogy.
D. G. Doughtie, P. J. Conklin, and K. R. Rao. C1983,
13p EPA-600/J-83-134
Grant EPA-R-807417
Pub. in Jnl. of Invertebrate Pathology 42, p249-258
1983.
Adult grass shrimp were exposed to four concentra-
tions (0.5,1.0,2.0 and 4.0 ppm) of hexavalent chromi-
um for 38 days. At the end of the exposure period, over
50% of the surviving shrimp possessed cuticular le-
sions that had many of the gross characteristics of
shell disease.' These lesions were usually associated
with articulations of the appendages and abdomen.
Furthermore, it was found that at increasing levels of
chromium exposure, there was a proportionate in-
crease in the loss of limbs such that nearly 50% of the
limbs were lost in grass shrimp exposed to the highest
test concentration of chromium. Histological and ul-
trastructural examination of numerous lesions demon-
strated a range of degenerative features within the
subcuticular epithelium that included cytoplasmic va-
cuolization, mitochondrial swelling, chromatin emar-
gination, and the presence of unusual nuclear inclu-
sions that appear to indicate direct chromium toxicity.
Keywords: "Chromium, "Toxicology, Shrimp, Shellfish,
Exposure, Concentration(Composition), Metals, Re-
prints, "Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB84-142397	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Direct Determination of Chelons at Trace Levels
by One-Drop Square-Wave Poiarography. Journal
article,
State Univ. of New York at Buffalo. Dept. of Chemistry.
Z. Stojek, and J. Osteryoung. c1981,9p EPA-600/J-
81-678
Grant EPA-R-805183
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry 53, p847-851 1981.
The direct anodic oxidation of mercury in the presence
of chelons can be used for determination of the che-
lons at trace levels. One-drop square-wave poiarogra-
phy proved superior to differential pulse poiarography
for this purpose and gave detection limits of 7, 7, 5,
and 20 x 10 to the -8th power M for EDTA, DCTA,
EGTA, and NTA, respectively, with calibration curves
linear to 10 to the -5 power M. At pH 4.8 heavy metals
can be determined in the presence Ca(+2) by using
amperometric titration based on fhis method. (Copy-
right (c) 1981 by the American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: "Trace elements, "Polarographic analysis,
Chelating agents, Complex compounds,
Mercury (Metals), Oxidation, Volumetric analysis,
EDTA, Chemical analysis, Water pollution, Nitrogen or-
ganic compounds, Reprints, "Chelons, "Water pollu-
tion detection, Heavy metals, Acetic acid/nitrilo-tri, Cy-
clohexane diamine tetraacetic acid, Dioxadiazatetra-
decanedioic acid/bis(carboxymethyl).
PB84-142405	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Reduction of ionic Species by Fufvlc Add. Journal
article,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Chemistry.
R. K. Skogerboe, and S. A. Wilson. C1981,10pEPA-
800/J-81-677
Grant EPA-R-805183
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry 53, p228-232 1981.
Studies have shown that a fulvic acid derived from soil
is capable of reducing Hg(ll) to Hg(0), Fe(lll) to Fe(ll),
and 12 and I3(-1) to l(-1) under conditions generally
characteristic of natural waters. The evaluation indi-
cates a reduction potential approximately 0.5 V (vs.
normal hydrogen electrode) for fulvic acid which is in
agreement with a previous estimate. Although the
effect of pH on the reduction processes changes be-
tween redox couples, the results generally indicate
that hydrogen ion is consumed when fulvic acid is oxi-
dized. These results quite distinctly indicate that fulvic
acid may play a prominent role in influencing the redox
equilibria occurring in surface and ground waters.
(Copyright (c) 1981 by the American Chemical Socie-
ty).
Keywords: "Fulvic acid, "Chemical equilibrium, "Oxi-
dation reduction reactions, Mercury(Metal), Iron,
Iodine, Oxidant, Ions, Ground water, Surface water.
Chelating agents, Complex compounds, pH, Geo-
chemistry, Water pollution, Reprints.
PB84-142413	Not available NTIS
Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Some Chlorinated
Benzenes, Chlorinated Ethanes, and Tetrachlor-
oethylene to 'Daphnia magna'. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. E. Richter, S. F. Peterson, and C. F. Kleiner. c1983,
9p EPA-600/J-83-130
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 12, p679-684 1983.
Chronic effect and no effect concentrations (28 day)
and acute toxicity (48 hr, LC50 and EC50) values were
determined for Daphnia magna with some chlorinated
benzenes, chlorinated ethanes, and tetrachloroethy-
lene. Acute and chronic toxicity generally increased
with the degree of chlorine substitution with these
chemicals.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Bioassay, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, "Daphnia
magna, "Ethylene/tetrachloro.
PB84-142421	Not available NTIS
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Study of Models for the Prediction of Average
Road Load of In-Use Delivery Trucks. Journal arti-
cle,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
S. Cha. R. L. Sloan, and F. M. Black. C1983, 22p EPA-
600/J-83-132
Contract EPA-68-02-2566
Pub. in Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. Techni-
cal Paper Series, 831799, p1 -171983.
Coast-down studies of Class 6 trucks (19,500 to
26,000 lb gross vehicle weight) were conducted at
near-zero road grade and wind conditions. Speed-
versus-time data were recorded, smoothed to a quad-
ratic equation to calculate deceleration rates and re-
duced by the ordinary least-square method using two-,
three-, and five-parameter linear models. The estimat-
ed parameters were analyzed statistically and com-
pared to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) recommended procedure. The averages of the
individual truck road loads for the two-, three-, and five-
parameter models were consistent within 4% when
reference conditions of 40 mi/h, 15,000 lb weight, and
65 ft sq. projected frontal area were used. (Copyright
(c) 1983 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.)
Keywords: "Trucks, Roads, Loads(Forces), Decelera-
tion, Statistical analysis, Chassis, Dynamometers.
PB84-142439	Not available NTIs
Polychlorlnated Chemical Residues In Fish from
Major Watersheds Near the Great Lakes, 1979.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
D. W. Kuehl, E. N. Leonard, B. C. Butterworth, and K. L.
Johnson. C1983,10p EPS-600/J-83-131
Pub. in Environmental International 9, p293-299 1983.
Over 50 non-PCB polyhalogenated organic chemicals
have been identified by GC/MS in fish from the Great
Lakes and other major watersheds near the Great
Lakes. p.p'-DDE, hexachlorobenzene, and compo-
nents of tech-chlordane were the most frequently
found chemicals. Also described are advances in
sample preparation methodology which allow the iden-
tification of many frequently occurring unusual chemi-
cals. Several chemicals not previously reported in en-
vironmental samples are identified. (Copyright (c) 1983
Pergamon Press Ltd.)
Keywords: "Halogen organic compounds, "Great
Lakes, "Water analysis, "Fishes, Pesticides, Chlordan,
Chemical analysis, Sampling, Gas chromatography,
Mass spectroscopy, Reprints, "Water pollution
effects(Animals), "Water pollution detection, Bioaccu-
mulation, Benzene/hexachloro.
PB84-142447	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Contourites In Lake Superior. Journal article,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Dept. of Geology and
Geophysics.
T. C. Johnson, T. W. Carlson, and J. E. Evans. c1980,
9p EPA-600/J-80/447
Grant EPA-R-805172
Pub. in Geology 8, p437-441 1980.
Contour currents influence sedimentation in an area
15 km wide and 65 km long at the base of the slope off
the Keweenaw Peninsula in Lake Superior, northwest-
ern Michigan. Seismic-reflection profiles (3.5 kHz) from
this area show distinct wavy reflectors in a scoured
trough at a depth of 200 m at the base of the slope, hy-
perbolic echoes adjacent to the trough, and overlap-
ping echos farther lakeward. These acoustic features
are identical to those in marine environments where
contourites are deposited. Box cores from the
lakeward margin of this area contain what appeared to
be contourites: irregular, thin sand layers with sharp
upper and lower contacts, interbedded with sandy
clay. This is the first report of contourites in a lacustrine
environment.
Keywords: "Sediments, "Water flow, "Lake Superior,
Geological sedimentation, Seismic reflection method,
Profiles, Sands, Sampling, Kewaenaw Peninsula, Par-
ticle size. Reprints, "Contourites.
PB84-142454	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Automatic Fish Tracking System for the U.S.
E.P.A.'s (Environmental Protection Agency's)
Monticello Ecological Research Station. Journal
article,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Dept. of Ecology and
Behavioral Biology.
K. C. Zinnel, M. J. Ross, and V. B. Kuechle. c1981, 5p
EPA-600/J-81 -676
Pub. in Underwater Telemetry-Tracking Aquatic Ani-
mals Newsletter 11(1), p9 1981.
An automatic tracking system controlled by an RCA
1802 microprocessor was developed to locate fish in a
400 m outdoor experimental stream channel at the
U.S. EPA Monticello Ecological Research Station. The
monitoring network consisted of 12 horizontally polar-
ized antennas spaced at 30 m intervals. The antennas
were sequentially switched into a receiver and the
signal strength at each antenna was measured. The
microprocessor controlled all timing, switching and
measurement functions. Each fish tracked by the
system was tagged with an implanted radio transmitter
which had a unique frequency in the 53 MHz band. Se-
lecting a particular fish for tracking was equivalent to
requesting a particular frequency entered into the
memory of the receiver. The microprocessor deter-
mined which antenna had the maximum signal level
and printed this information along with fish number and
time of day.
Keywords: 'Fishes, "Underwater tracking, "Animal be-
havior, Monitoring, Radio transmitters, Radio anten-
nas, Performance evaluation, Reprints.
PB84-142462	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Voltammetrlc Methods for Determination of Metal
Binding by Fulvic Acid. Journal article,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Chemistry.
S. A. Wilson, T. C. Huth, R. E. Arndt, and R. K.
Skogerboe. c1980,8p EPA-600/J-80-448
Contract EPA-R-805183
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry 52, p1515-15181980.
The use of anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) and dif-
ferential pulse poiarography (DPP) for the measure-
ment of the concentrations of aquo ions in the pres-
ence of fulvic acid, and the subsequent use of these
data for estimation of the metal-fulvic acid conditional
stability constants, have been evaluated. The results
of such measurements for Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn,
combined with those reported by others, are generally
indicative of the adsorption of fulvic acid on the mercu-
ry electrodes used, accompanied by the probable for-
mation of metal complexes with the adsorbed fulvic
acid so that the stability constants estimated do not

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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
appear to be strictly representative of the degree of
complexation occurring in the bulk solution. Compari-
sons are made with stability constants measured by
others using other methods which circumstantially
support this conclusion. Therefore, it is suggested that
the use of ASV and DPP for studying metal binding by
fulvic acid be carefully evaluated for each metal of in-
terest. (Copyright (c) 1980 by the American Chemical
Society.)
Keywords: "Complex compounds, "Chelating agents,
"Fulvic acid, "Chemical analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Metals, Water pollution,
Reprints, "Water pollution detection, Anodic stripping
voltammetry, Differential pulse polarography.
PB84-142470	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Exchange of Comments on Scheme for Classifica-
tion of Heavy Metal Species in Natural Waters.
Journal Article,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Chemistry.
R. K. Skogerboe, S. A. Wilson, and J. G. Osteryoung.
C1980, 7p EPA-600/J-80-449
Grant EPA-R-805183
Pub. in Jnl. of Analytical Chemi stry 52, p1960-1962
1980.
An exchange of comments on scheme for classifica-
tion of heavy metal species in natural waters.
Keywords: "Water pollution, Metals, Classification,
Thermodynamics, Mercury(Metal), Reprints, "Heavy
metals.
PB84-14248B	Not available NTIS
Photolysis	Rates	of	(2,4,5-
Trlchlorophenoxy)Acetlc Acid and 4-Amino-3,5,6-
Trlchloroplcollnlc Acid in Natural Waters. Journal
article.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Y. I. Skurlatov, R. G. Zepp, and G. L. Baughman.
C1983,10p EPA-600/J-83-143
Prepared in cooperation with Akademiya Nauk SSR,
Moscow, Inst. Khimicheskoi Fiziki.
Pub. in Jnl. of Agriculture and Food Chemistry v31, n5
P1065-1071, 1983.
Photoreactions of (2,45-trichiorophenoxy) acetic acid
(2,4,5-T) and 4-amino-3,5,6-trichioropicolinic acid (pi-
cloram) were studied in distilled water, natural water
samples, fulvic acid solutions, and solutions containing
iron (III) and/or hydrogen peroxide to determine the ef-
fects of dissolved natural substances on the photolysis
rates of these herbicides. Most of the experiments
were conducted with sunlight as the light source and
with dilute solutions of 3,4-dichloroaniline (DCA) as an
outdoor actinometer. Preliminary studies indicated that
photocatalytic processes involving iron species and
peroxides may contribute to the sunlight-induced reac-
tion of 2,4,5-T in acidic, weakly absorbing natural
waters.
Keywords: "Water pollution, 'Herbicides, 'Photo-
chemical reactions, "Reaction kinetics, "Photolysis,
Solutions, Sunlight, Chlorine organic compounds, Pes-
ticides, Reprints, *T 2-4-5 herbicide, "Picloram, Pico-
linic acid/amino-trichloro, Acetic acid/trichlorophen-
oxy.
PB84-142579/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Transport and Transformation of
Polychlorinated Biphenyls,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
A. Leifer, R. H. Brink, G. C. Thorn, and K G. Partymiller.
Dec 83,206p EPA-560/5-83-025
This report summarizes the environmental transport
and transformation of polychlorinated biphenyls and
contains nine separate chapters describing water solu-
bility and octanol/water partition coefficient, vapor
pressure, Henry's law constant and volatility from
water, adsorption (sorption) to soils and sediments,
bioconcentration in fish, atmospheric oxidation, hydrol-
ysis and oxidation in water, photolysis, and biodegra-
dation. In the preparation of each of these chapters,
the emphasis has been on obtaining experimental data
on environmentally relevant rate constants and equi-
librium constants for these processes/properties for
individual PCB congeners and Arochlors. If no experi-
mental data were found, then estimation techniques
were used wherever possible to obtain values for the
62 Vol. 90, No. 24
rate constants or equilibrium constants for each indi-
vidual congener or for groups of congeners (i.e., for
monochloro-, dichloro-, trichloro-, etc., biphenyls). It
must be emphasized that these estimates of rates for
transport and transformation involved simplifying as-
sumptions and thus these data should not be regarded
as precise but rather as a best estimate based on the
available data.
Keywords: 'Transport properties, "Water pollution,
"Air pollution, Chlorine organic compounds, Reaction
kinetics, Chemical properties, Vapor pressure, Hydrol-
ysis, Photolysis, Oxidation, Biodeterioration, Adsorp-
tion, Soils, Sediments, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls,
"Path of pollutants, "Air-water interfaces, Aroclors,
Toxic substances, Bioaccumulation, Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB84-142900/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Research
Program Guide. Rept. for 1 Oct 83-30 Sep 84.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Sep 83, 72p EPA-600/9-83-011
Annual extramural research program guide for the
Office of Research and Development. This report pro-
vides information on work being done in each part of
ORD, research which EPA is planning for FY 1984, and
how much the authors intend to spend on each pro-
gram area. Some of the areas discussed include: Air -
Gases and Particles, Air - Oxidants, Air - Mobile
Sources, Air - Hazardous Air Pollutants, Drinking
Water, Water Quality, Municipal Wastewater, Industrial
Wastewater, Energy, Hazardous Waste, Superfund,
Toxic Substances and Pesticides, Radiation, Interme-
dia, ORD Organizations, ORD Organizational Descrip-
tions, ORD Organizational Abbreviations, ORD Key
Contacts, ORD Regional Contacts, and EPA Regional
Offices.
Keywords: "Research projects, "Environmental sur-
veys, Air pollution, Hazardous materials, Exhaust emis-
sions, Particles, Oxidizers, Potable water, Water pollu-
tion, Industrial wastes, Sewage, Pesticides, Radioac-
tive contaminants, Superfund, Toxic substances.
PB84-143114/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of the RCRA (Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act) Extraction Procedure - Lyslm-
eter Studies with Municipal/Industrial Wastes.
Final rept. Sep 80-Jun 83.
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS.
Jan 84,60p EPA-600/2-84-022
A study was initiated to determine the accuracy with
which the Extraction Procedures (EP), employed in the
regulations promulgated under Section 3001 of the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (40 CFR
26.124), simulates the leaching an industrial waste
would undergo when codisposed with municipal refuse
in a non-secure landfill. The simulation of the codispo-
sal of municipal solid waste (MSW) with untreated in-
dustrial waste (IW) was initiated October 28,1980. The
0.91 x 1.8 m cylindrical test cells were designed to sim-
ulate sanitary landfill environments. The 5 types of in-
dustrial waste were oil reclaiming clay, petroleum refin-
ery incinerator ash, paint manufacturing sludge, sol-
vent refining sludge, and tannery waste. Fifteen test
cells were loaded providing triplicate samples of each
IW leachate. The increase in concentration of the
metals in the blow MSW-IW is compared to the change
in concentration produced in the EP extract. When tne
published EP concentration criteria (100 time primary
drinking water standards) for the specific metals was
exceeded, the test cells also showed a concentration
that exceeded the criteria. The EP concentrations are
generally lower than the concentration of the same
constituents from the same wastes in the test cells.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Industrial wastes,
'Sewage, "Extraction, 'Lysimeters, 'Earth fills, 'Test
chambers, Leaching, Concentration(Composition),
Sludges, Field tests, Laboratory equipment, Design cri-
teria, Organic compounds, Sampling, Chemical analy-
sis, Performance evaluation, Tannin materials, Refin-
eries, Petroleum products, Paints, Water pollution, Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act.
PB84-143148/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Study of the Steam Gasification of Organic
Wastes,
Princeton Univ., NJ. Dept. of Mechanical and Aero-
space Engineering.
M. J. Antal, Jr., W. H. Edwards, H. L. Friedman, and F.
E. Rogers. Jan 84, 107p EPA-600/7-84-009
Grant EPA-R-804836
Chemical kinetic data describing the pyrolysis/gasifi-
cation characteristics of organic waste (biomass) ma-
terials is needed for the design of improved conversion
reactors. Unfortunately, little data is available in the lit-
erature on the pyrolysis kinetics of waste materials,
and essentially no data has been published on the
rates and products of the secondary, gas phase reac-
tions. The objective of this research was to determine
the effects of various reactor conditions (residence
time, temperature, and heating rate) on the rates of the
primary pyrolysis reactions, and the rates and products
of the secondary gas phase reactions.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Biomass, 'Reac-
tion kinetics, 'Pyrolysis, 'Gasification, 'Chemical reac-
tors, 'Fuels, Thermochemistry, Design criteria, Per-
formance evaluation, 'Steam gasification, 'Solid
wastes, "Renewable energy sources. "Waste utiliza-
tion.
PB84-143254/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Draft Environmental Impact Statement Sulfur
Oxides Emissions from Fluid Catalytic Cracking
Unit Regenerators: Background Information for
Proposed Standards. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jan 84, 343p EPA-450/3-82-013A
Standards of performance to control emissions of
sulfur oxides (SOX) from new, modified, and recon-
structed fluid catalytic cracking unit regenerators are
being proposed under Section 111 of the Clean Air
Act. This document contains information on the back-
ground and authority, regulatory alternatives consid-
ered, and environmental and economic impacts of the
regulatory alternatives.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Refineries, 'Petrole-
um industry, 'Catalytic cracking, 'Sulfur oxides, "Envi-
ronmental impact statement-draft, 'Fluidized bed
processors, Regulations, Substitutes, Standards, Revi-
sions, Environmental impacts, Industrial wastes. Com-
bustion products, Cost analysis, Performance evalua-
tion, Regeneration(Engineering), Catalysts, Economic
impact, Flue gas desulfurization.
PB84-143577/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Evalua-
tion of the Gyroscopic Wheel Cover Device under
Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Information and
Cost Savings Act. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency. Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
S. L. Syria. Jun 83,61 p EPA-AA-TEB-511-83-11
This report announces the conclusions of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) evaluation of the Gy-
roscopic Wheel Cover under the provisions of Section
511 of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings
Act. The evaluation of the Gyroscopic Wheel Cover
device was conducted upon the application of Simmer
Wheels, Incorporated. The device is a mechanical as-
sembly which replaces each of the standard wheel
covers on a vehicle. The device is claimed to improve
fuel economy, handling and braking characteristics,
and the life of the brakes tires.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, "Fuel consumption, Vehicle
wheels, Balancing, Brakes(Motion arresters). Perform-
ance evaluation.
PW4-143908/HSU	PC EM
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati
OH.
Water Sumily Simulation Model.
Gates (W. E.) and Associates, Inc., Batavia, OH.
Nov 83,322p-in 3v
Set includes PB84-143916 through PB84-143932.

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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB84-143916/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Water Supply Simulation Model. Volume 1. Model
Development,
Gates (W. E.) and Associates, Inc., Batavia, OH.
R. M. Clark, and R. M. Males. Nov 83,93p* EPA-600/
2-83-121A
Contract EPA-68-03-2941
See also Volume 2, PB84-143924.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB84-
143908.
This three-volume report describes the development
of a water supply simulation model (WSSM), a system
of computer programs that allows for a systematic
evaluation of the physical and economic characteris-
tics of a water distribution system in a spatial frame-
work. The WSSM concept views a water utility as a
network overlayed upon a spatial distribution of supply
and demand. The model has been calibrated and
tested on several water supply systems including a
small utility in New Vienna, Ohio, and the Kenton
County Water District No. 1 in Kenton County, Ken-
tucky. Volume 1 of this study describes the develop-
ment of the model and its underlying principals.
Keywords: 'Cost analysis, "Water supply, "Water dis-
tribution, Distribution systems, Mathematical models,
Operating costs, Water pipelines, Pumping stations,
Manpower, Water towers, Water treatment, Alloca-
tions, Computerized simulation, Tables(Data), Con-
struction costs, Ohio, Kentucky, "Water costs, Water
demand, New Vienna(Ohio), Kenton
County(Kentucky).
PB84-143924/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Water Supply Simulation Model. Volume 2. Litera-
ture Review and Background Research,
Gates (W. E.) and Associates, Inc., Batavia, OH.
R. M. Clark, and R. G. Stevie. Nov 83,112p* EPA-600/
2-83-121B
Contract EPA-68-03-2941
See also Volume 3, PB84-143932, and Volume 1,
PB84-143916.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB84-
143908.
This three-volume report describes the development
of a water supply simulation model (WSSM), a system
of computer programs that allows for a systematic
evaluation of the physical and economic characteris-
tics of a water distribution system in a spatial frame-
work. The WSSM concept views a water utility as a
network overlayed upon a spatial distribution of supply
and demand. The model explicitly deals with the rela-
tionship of delivered water costs to the service require-
ments of spatially distributed demand. The model has
been calibrated and tested on several water supply
systems including a small utility in New Vienna, Ohio,
and the Kenton County Water District No. 1 in Kenton
County, Kentucky. Volume 2 discusses some of the
engineering and economic concepts used in develop-
ing the model.
Keywords: "Cost analysis, "Water supply, "Water dis-
tribution, Operating costs, Water wells, Pumping,
Pumping stations, Water treatment, Allocations, Public
utilities, Accounting, Tables(Data), Expenses, Mainte-
nance, Prices, "Water costs, "Water demand.
PB84-143932/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Water Supply Simulation Model. Volume 3. Docu-
mentation,
Gates (W. E.) and Associates, Inc., Batavia, OH.
P. Wehrman, R. Males, and R. M. Clark. Nov 83,117p*
EPA-600/2-83-121C
Contract EPA-68-03-2941
See also Volume 2, PB84-143924.
Also available In set of 3 reports PC E99, PB84-
143908.
This three-volume report describes the development
of a water supply simulation model (WSSM), a system
of computer programs that allows for a systematic
evaluation of the physical and economic characteris-
tics of a water distribution system in a spatial frame-
work. The WSSM concept views a water utility as a
network overlayed upon a spatial distribution of supply
and demand. The model explicitly deals with the rela-
tionship of delivered water costs to the service require-
ments of spatially distributed demand. Volume 3 is a
users manual for the model.
Keywords: "Cost analysis, "Water supply, "Water dis-
tribution, Distribution systems, Manuals, Operating
costs. Computerized simulation, Fortran, "Water
costs, Water demand.
PB84-144088/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Evalua-
tion of the HYDRO-VAC Device under Section 511
of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Sav-
ings Act. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
S. L. Syria. Aug 83, 22p EPA-AA-TEB-511-83-12
This document announces the conclusions of the EPA
evaluation of the HYDRO-VAC device under section
511 of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings
Act. The evaluation of the HYDRO-VAC device was
conducted upon the application of the manufacturer.
The product is claimed to improved fuel economy and
performance for both gasoline and diesel fueled vehi-
cles.
Keywords: "Automobiles, "Fuel consumption, Fuel
systems, Water injection, Intake systems. Manifolds,
Vacuum, Performance evaluation.
PBB4-144146/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Ambient Concentrations of Polycycllc Organic
Matter. Technical note (Final),
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
S. A. Smith. 31 Oct 83, 72p RAD-203-012-07-04, EPA-
450/5-83-01 OA
Contract EPA-68-02-3818
See alsoPB84-144153.
This report is released to partially satisfy the require-
ments of Section 122 of the Clean Air Act, as amended
in 1977. This report surveys and summarizes existing
published polycyclic organic matter (POM) ambient
concentration data. It presents technical data used to
support decision making on the need for listing POM
under Section 108 (a)(1), Section 112 (b)(1)(A), or Sec-
tion 111 (b)(1)(A) as required by Section 122 of the
Clean Air Act. Information is provided on the general
sampling and analysis techniques employed for collec-
tion of POM ambient data. Data for specific POM com-
pounds and particulate polycyclic organic matter are
also presented.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Gas analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Aromatic polycyclic hy-
drocarbons, Sampling, Chemical analysis, Particle
size, Sites, Urban areas, State government, "Polycy-
clic organic matter, "Air pollution sampling, "Air pollu-
tion detection, Benzopyrenes.
PB84-144153/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sources and Emissions of Polycyclic Organic
Matter (POM). Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
M. E. Kelly. 13 Dec 83,154p RAD-203-012-07-05,
EPA-450/5-83-010B
Contract EPA-68-02-3818
See also PB84-144146.
This report is released to partially satisfy the require-
ments of Section 122 of the Clean Air Act, as amended
in 1977. This report surveys Polycyclic Organic Matter
(POM) sources and presents technical data used to
support decision making oh the need for listing POM
under Section 108(a)(1), Section 112(b)(1)(A), or Sec-
tion 111(b)(1)(A) as required by Section 122 of the
Clean Air Act. Data are presented describing potential
sources of POM emissions, control techniques used
for POM emissions, and estimated POM emissions. A
summary of estimated national POM emissions is pro-
vided. This summary includes estimates of natural
POM emissions.
Keywords: *Air pollution, Sources, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Exhaust emissions, Regula-
tions, Performance evaluation, State government, Aro-
matic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Trends, Comparison,
Design criteria, "Polycyclic organic matter, Natural
emissions, Emission factors.
PB84-144278	Not available NTIS
University of South Florida, Tampa.
Simple Design for Automation of Tungsten(VI)
Oxide Technique for Measurement of NH3, and
HN03. Journal article Sep 80-Sep 82,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
P. C. Gailey, W. A. McClenny, R. S. Braman, and T. J.
Shelley. C1983,5p EPA-600/J-83-144
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v17 n8 p1517-1519
1983.
The tungstic acid technique for collection and analysis
of NH3 and HN03 concentrations in the ambient air
has been automated in a simple and cost-effective
design. The design allows complete separation of
HN03 and NH3 during detection. Unattended oper-
ation in field trials has been demonstrated, and a
three-day run sequence with hourly updates is shown.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Ammonia, "Nitric acid,
Design criteria, Cost effectiveness, Field tests, Sam-
pling, Concentration(Composition), Reprints, "Air pol-
lution detection, "Tungstic acid technique.
PB84-144286	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Comparative Kinetics Study of Monochloramlne
and Hypochlorous Acid In Rat. Journal article,
New Jersey Medical School, Newark. Dept. of Pharma-
cology.
M. S. Abdel-Rahman, D. M. Waldron, and R. J. Bull.
C1983, 7p EPA-600/J-83-140
Grant EPA-R-807473
Pub. in Jnl. of Applied Toxicology, v3 n4 p175-179
1983.
The problem of trihalomethane formation now exists
with the use of chlorine (technically, a mixture of HOCI
and OCI, depending on pH) as a disinfectant in drinking
water. Monochloramine (NH2CI) may be considered
as an alternative to HOCI as a disinfectant in public
water supplies. This study was conducted to compare
the kinetics of NH236CI with H036CI in rats.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Kinetics, "Disinfectants,
Rats, Laboratory animals, Comparison, Reprints,
"Monochloramine, "Hypochlorous acid.
PB84-144294	Not available NTIS
Bupropion, d-Amphetamine, and Amitrlptyline-ln-
duced Conditioned Taste Aversion In Rats: Dose
Effects. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D. B. Miller, and L. L. Miller. 1983,6p EPA-600/J-83-
128
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill and Burroughs Wellcome Co., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, v18
P737-740 1983.
Nine groups of rats (n+6 per group) were adapted to a
daily one-half hour period of water availability. When
intake had stabilized, they were allowed access to a
0.1% (w/v) solution of saccharin, and immediately
afterward were given IP injections of isotonic saline;
bupropion HCI (10.0, 20.0, or 40.0 mg/kg); d-ampheta-
mine-sulfate (0.5,1.0, 2.0 mg/kg); or amitriptyline HCI
(5.0, 10.0, or 20.0 mg/kg); in a volume of 1 ml. The
lowest dose of each compound was chosen to be
equipotent in screening tests used to identify potential
antidepressants. Following 2 days of access to water
alone, all groups were given a choice between water
and saccharin for 3 consecutive days. All compounds
induced taste aversions in a dose-related manner, but
amitriptyline induced greater and longer-lasting aver-
sions than either bupropion or d-ampnetamine which
were equipotent over the dose range studied.
Keywords: Rats, Dosage, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Organic sulfates, Reprints, "Bupropion hydro-
chloride, "Amphetamine sulfate, 'Amitriptyline hydro-
chloride, Phenethylamines, Propanone/(chioro-
phenyl)-((dimethylethyl)amino)-(hydrochloride), CAS
31677-93-7, Propanamine/(dihydro-dibenzocyclohep-

-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tenylidene)-N-N-dimethyl-(hydrochloride), CAS 60-13-
9, CAS 549-18-8.
PB84-144302/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Influence of Heating Rate on Control of Heat Loss
from the Tail in Mice. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. J. Gordon. 1983, 9p EPA-600/J-82-172
Pub. in American Jnl. of Physiology, v244 n13 pR778-
R784 1983.
Although heating rate is important for stimulating ther-
moregulatory reflexes, it is not known if the control
system differentiates between total heat gain and rate
of heat gain. Exposing animals to microwaves inside a
waveguide permits continuous monitoring of whole-
body neat absorption. The data indicate that heat loss
from the tail increases with the whole-body heat load
accrued from microwave exposure. When heat loss is
averaged with repect to heat load, the rate of heat ab-
sorption and ambient temperature increase the sensi-
tivity of thermoregulatory centers that control peripher-
al heat loss from the tail of mice.
Keywords: 'Thermoregulation, "Microwaves, Mice,
Laboratory animals, Tail, Reprints, "Heat loss.
PB84-144310/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Maternal Hepatic and Embryonic Effects of 1,2,4-
Trlchlorobenzene In the Rat. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
K. T. Kitchin, and M. T. Ebron. 1983,14p EPA-600/J-
83-135
Pub. in Environmental Research 31, p362-373 1983.
The possible maternal hepatic and reproductive ef-
fects of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) were assessed
in rats given 0, 36, 120, 360, and 1200 mg/kg/day of
TCB on Days 9-13 of gestation. The animals were sac-
rificed on Day 14 of pregnancy. Maternal deaths (2/9
rats 6/6 rats) were recorded in the 360 and 1200 mg/
kg/day treatment groups and body weights gain was
significantly decreased in the 360 mg/kg/day TCB
group. Maternal liver weight liver/body weight ratio,
and hepatic microsomal protein content were unaffect-
ed by TCB treatment.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Liver, Reproduction(Biology),
Embryos, Rats, Laboratory animals. Reprints, 'Ben-
zene/trichloro.
PB84-144328/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Laboratory Methods for Ten Hepatic Toxiflcatlon/
Detoxification Parameters. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
K. T. Kitchin. 1983,12pEPA-600/J-83-136
Pub. in Meth and Find Exptl Clin Pharmacol, v5 n7
P439-448 1983.
The article is a summary of laboratory methods for the
hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes which are reliable,
sensitive, and reasonable straightforward to perform.
Assay conditions are given for which the enzyme rate
determinations are linear with respect to time and pro-
tein concentration for hepatic tissue preparations from
Charles River Sprague Dawley CD male rats.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Enzymes, "Detoxification,
Drugs, Liver, Tissues(Biology), Reprints.
PB84-144336/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Incubation and Activation Conditions on
the Hepatocyte-Medlated Plate Incorporation and
Preincubation 'Salmonella typhimurlum' Mutagen-
esis Assays. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park NC.
K. Williams, J. Inmon, and J. Lewtas. 1983,12p EPA-
600/J-83-137
Pub in Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagen-
esis 3, p367-376 1983.
Primary cell-mediated microbial mutagenesis assays
have been shown to be useful in detecting specific
target organ genotoxic activity. The lack of a standard
protocol for these assays, however, makes interlabor-
atory comparisons difficult. In order to standardize the
hepatocyte-mediated Salmonella typhimurium muta-
genesis assay, incubation and activation conditions for
64 Vol. 90, No. 24
the plate incorporation and preincubation assays were
examined using two aromatic amines, 2-aminofluorene
(AF) and 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF). Direct compari-
son of two preincubation protocols demonstrated the
necessity for the hepatocytes to be present during the
two-to three-day plate incubation period.
Keywords: "Bacteria, Reprints, Salmonella typhimur-
iurn, "Mutagenesis, "Cell mediated assays.
PB84-144344	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Cadmium and Zinc on Canine Tracheal
Bioelectric Properties. Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
M. J. Stutts, R. C. Boucher, and J. T. Gatzy. c1982,11 p
EP A-600/J-82-421
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 64,
p147-154 1982.
Euminal exposure of excised tracheal epithelium to
Cd(N03)2 inhibited short circuit current by 50% and in-
creased dc conductance 500%. Zn(N03)2 reduced
conductance by 24% but did not affect short circuit
current. Exposure to both salts induced a slightly
greater inhibition of short circuit current than
Cd(N03)2 alone but had no significant effect on con-
ductance. Submucosal exposure to Cd(N03)2 inhibit-
ed short circuit current and induced at least a 10- to
20-fold increase in conductance. The potency, com-
pared to luminal exposure, was 10-fold greater. Sub-
mucosal Zn(N03)2 inhibited short circuit current and
was about as potent as Cd(N03)2. Zn(N03)2 had little
effect on conductance. Inhibition of short circuit cur-
rent by submucosal Cd(N03)2 was additive and lu-
minal but not submucosal, Zn protected against the in-
crease in conductance induced by submucosal Cd.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Cadmium, "Zinc, "Bioelectri-
city, Trachea, Respiratory system, Dogs, Laboratory
system, Reprints, "Heavy metals.
PB84-144351	Not available NTIS
Increased Susceptibility to No. 2 Fuel Oil Coinci-
dent with Initiation of Particle Feeding In Develop-
ing Mud Snails, 'llyanassa obsoleta'. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
J. A. Pechenik, and D. C. Miller. C1983,9p ERLN-240,
EPA-600/J-82-158
Prepared in cooperation with Tufts Univ., Medford, MA.
Pub. in Estuaries, v6 n3 p237-242 1983.
Encapsulated embryos and free-living larvae of llyan-
assa obsoleta were exposed to concentrations of No.
2 fuel oil (water-accommodated fraction, WAF) up to
1.0 ppm. Development of velum pigmentation and re-
lease of larvae from egg capsules were delayed in the
presence of 1.0 ppm WAF, but exposure to the oil did
not increase developmental mortality of encapsulated
individuals. Individuals which were prematurely re-
moved from egg capsules and exposed to oil directly
suffered no mortality until yolk reserves were depleted
and feeding on phytoplankton commenced. Feeding,
free-living larvae suffer high mortality at 1.0 ppm WAF.
The reduced susceptibility of encapsulated embryos to
the oil stress may therefore reflect the importance of
toxicant uptake by ingestion (as opposed to diffusion)
rather than the degree of protection afforded by en-
capsulation.
Keywords: "Fuel oil, "Toxicology, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Larvae, Snails, Reprints,
"Water pollution effects(Animals), llyanassa obsoleta.
PB84-144369/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Chronic Effects of Cadmium on Two Species of
Mysld Shrimp: 'Mysldopsls bahia' and 'Mysldopsis
blgelowi'. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
S. M. Gentile, J. H. Gentile, J. Walker, and J. F.
Heltshe. 1982,12p EPA-600/J-82-159
Pub. in Hydrobiologia 93, p195-204 1982.
Two species of mysid shrimp, the sub-tropical Mysi-
dopsis bahia and the northern temperate Mysidopsis
bigelowi, were exposed simultaneously to cadmium
(as CdC12) in a continuous-flow bioassay system to
determine the effect on survival and reproductive suc-
cess. Temperature and salinity were maintained at 21
plus or minus 1IC and 30% respectively. The 96-h
LC50 was 110 microgram per liter for both species.
The 23-day life cycle LC50 for M. bahia was 19.5 mi-
crogram per liter and for M. bigelowi the 27-day LC-50
was 14.8 microgram per liter. At 10 microgram per liter
a series of morphological aberrations were observed in
both species at the onset of sexual maturity. Carapace
malformations apparently prevented molting after the
release of the initial brood and resulted in death of
brooding females. As a result, although the initial re-
productive rate at this concentration was successful,
successive broods could not be produced. For both
species in this study the no observed effect concentra-
tion was 5.1 microgram per liter; the effect concentra-
tion was 10.0 microgram per titer. Mechanisms were
postulated in this study to explain the effect of cadmi-
um on the molting process and on calcification and en-
zymatic reactions of osmosis.
Keywords: "Cadmium, "Shrimp, Metals, Survival,
Reproduction(Biology), Bioassay, Temperature, Salini-
ty, Reprints, Mysidopsis bahia, Mysidopsis bigelowi.
PB64-144492	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Degradation of Selected Xenobiotlcs In Three
Types of Aquatic Test Systems. Journal article,
Georgia State Univ., Atlanta.
P. A. Van Veld, and J. C. Spain c1983,18p EPA-600/
J-83-133
Grant EPA-R-809370
Pub. in Chemosphere, v12 n9/10 p1291-13051983.
The biodegradation rates of p-nitrophenol, methylpar-
athion and p-cresol were compared in test systems
composed of sediment and water collected from vari-
ous estuarine sites. p-Nitrophenol and methyl parath-
ion degradation was fastest in intact sediment/water
cores followed by sediment/water shake flasks and
slowest in water shake flasks. p-Cresol degraded rap-
idly in all test systems. The applicability of a first-order
kinetic model to describe the degradation of these
compounds was examined. (Copyright (c) 1983 Perga-
mon Press Ltd.)
Keywords: "Biodeterioration, "Water pollution, "Reac-
tion kinetics, Pesticides, Nitrophenols, Cresols, Sites,
Sampling, Laboratory equipment, Sediments, Re-
prints, "water pollution sampling, Methyl parathion.
PB84-144500/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Impact on and Recovery of Experimental Macro-
benthlc Communities Exposed to Pentachloro-
phenol. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
M. E. Tagatz, C. H. Deans, G. R. Plaia, and J. D. Pool.
1983,8p EPA-600/J-83-139
Pub. in Northeast Gulf Science, v6 n2 p131-136 Oct
83.
Recovery of macrobenthic animal communities was
determined 7 weeks after a 5-week exposure to 55 mi-
crograms per liter pentachlorophenol. The communi-
ties developed from planktonic larvae in aquaria con-
taining clean sand and continuously flowing estuarine
water. Significantly fewer individuals and species oc-
curred in contaminated aquaria than in control aquaria
immediately after exposure to pentachlorophenol.
Numbers of arthropods, chordates, echinoderms, and
mollusks were decreased; annelids and coelenterates
were not affected. Seven weeks after exposure was
discontinued, and with continued input of estuarine
water, the communities showed various degrees of re-
covery, carry-over effects, and changes unrelated to
exposure.
Keywords; "Toxicology, Exposure, Plankton, Larvae,
Reprints, "Water pollution effects(Animals), "Pentach-
lorophenol, "Toxic substances.
PB84-144518	Not available NTIS
Concurrent Measurement of Intertldai Environ-
mental Variables and Embryo Survival for the
California Qrunlon, 'Leuresthes tenuis', and Atlan-
tic Sllverslde, 'Menldla menldla' (Places: Atherlnl-
dae). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
D. P. Middaugh, H. W. Kohl, and L. E. Burnett. C1983
10p EPA-600/J-81 -177
Prepared in cooperation with San Diego Univ., CA.
Pub. in California Fish and Game, v69 n2 p89-96 1983.
Concurrent daily measurements of environmental vari-
ables and embryo survival were made for two atherinid

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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
served at Blacks Beach, La Jolla, California; and tic
Atlantic silverside, Memdia menidia, observed at the
Point of Pines, Edisto Island, South Carolina. Measure-
ments were made during April 1980. Both species
spawned in the upper intertidal zone on high tide. L.
tenuis eggs were deposited approximately 4 cm below
the beach surface during nightime. Subsequent sand
deposition buried embryos to a depth of approximately
8 cm where they were protected from thermal and des-
iccation stresses. Daily survival of incubating embryos
averaged 97%.
Keywords: *Stress(Physiology), "Marine fishes,
Reproduction(Biology), Embryos, Sands, Protection,
Heat stress, Drying, Survival, Substrates, Blacks
Beach, California, Edisto Island, South Carolina, Re-
prints, "Leuresthes tenuis, California grunion, Menidia
menidia, Atlantic silverside.
PB84-144526	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Partitioning of No. 2 Fuel Oil in Controlled Estua-
rine Ecosystems, Sediments and Suspended Par-
ticulate Matter. Journal article,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Graduate School of
Oceanography.
P. J. Gearing, J. N. Gearing, R. J. Pruell, T. L. Wade,
and J. G. Quinn. c1980,11 p EPA-600/J-80-446
Grant EPA-R-803902
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v14
n9p1129-1136 1980.
To investigate the transport and incorporation of
water-borne oil to sediments, no. 2 fuel oil was added
as a dispersion in semiweekly doses to three con-
trolled estuarine ecosystems. Samples of suspended
particulate matter and sediments were analyzed by
gas chromatography for saturated and aromatic hydro-
carbons. Biodegradation and other processes effected
the removal of most of the hydrocarbons soon after
the additions ended, but a residue of 10-20% in the
form of branched alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromat-
ics in an unresolved complex mixture persisted more
than 1 year later.
Keywords: "Estuaries, "Sediments, "Fuel oil, "Water
pollution, "Chemical analysis, Biodeterioration, Parti-
cles, Gas chromatography, Distillation, Hydrocarbons,
Reprints, "Ecosystems, "Sediment-water interfaces,
"Water pollution detection, "Oil pollution.
PB84-144534	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Biodegradation and Gas-Exchange of Gaseous Al-
kanes In Model Estuarine Ecosystems. Journal arti-
cle,
Columbia Univ., New York.
R. Bopp, P. Santschi, Y. Li, and B. L. Deck. c1981,10p
EPA-600/J-81 -675
Grants EPA-R-803902, EPA-R-806072
Pub. in Organic Geochemistry, v3p9-14 1981.
Gas exchange-biodegradation experiments conducted
in model estuarine ecosystems indicate that the ease
of degradation of gaseious normal alkanes increases
with chain length. The behavior of gaseous perhalo-
genated alkanes can be explained by gas exchange
alone with no degradation. The initial degradation of
C3 and C4 alkanes proceeded with half times of a few
days to a few weeks, however, after a period of 15-30
days, the rates of degradation increased by at least an
order of magnitude.
Keywords: "Alkanes, "Estuaries, "Water pollution,
"Biodeterioration, Halogen organic compounds. Re-
prints, "Ecosystems, "Gas exchanging.
PB84-144542	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Transport of No. 2 Fuel Oil between Water
Column, Surface Mlcrolayer and Atmosphere in
Controlled Ecosystems. Journal article,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Graduate School of
Oceanography.
P. J. Gearing, and J. N. Gearing. C1982,14p EPA-600/
J-82-419
Grant EPA-R-806072
Pub. in Marine Environmental Research, n6 P133-143
1982.
No. 2 fuel oil hydrocarbons put into the bulk water col-
umns of controlled estuarine ecosystems were found
to accumulate in the surface microlayer at the air-
water interface. The alkane hydrocarbons were dispro-
portionately enriched in the microlayer compared with
the aromatic hydrocarbons. A comparison of hydrocar-
bon boiling point distributions between bulk water, mi-
crolayer and air samples indicated that the oil hydro-
carbons underwent extensive weathering by evapora-
tion upon reaching the air-water interface. No evi-
dence was found of increased biodegration in the mi-
crolayer compared with that in the underlying water. A
fraction of the high molecular weight alkanes, the least
water soluble and least volatile constituents of the oil,
appeared to be coated out from the microlayer onto
the inner walls of the ecosystems. (Copyright (c) Ap-
plied Science Publishers Ltd, England, 1982.)
Keywords: "Estuaries, "Transport properties, "Petrole-
um products, "Water pollution, Hydrocarbons, Al-
kanes, Columns(Process engineering), Laboratory
equipment, Reprints, "Oil pollution, "Ecosystems,
"Sediment-water interfaces, "Air-water interfaces,
"Path of pollutants.
PB84-144559	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Behaviour of No. 2 Fuel Oil In the Water Column
of Controlled Ecosystems. Journal article,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Graduate School of
Oceanography.
P. J. Gearing, and J. N. Gearing. c1982,21p EPA-600/
J-82-418
Grant EPA-R-806072
Pub. in Marine Environmental Research, v6 p115-132
1982.
Four experiments were carried out to determine the
effect of different temperatures, light levels and biolog-
ical activities on the residence times of petroleum hy-
drocarbons. No. 2 fuel oil was added as a seawater
dispersion to give an initial concentration of 150 to 300
micrograms/litre in the water columns of large, out-
door marine microcosms.
Keywords: "Petroleum products, "Water pollution, Hy-
drocarbons, Fuel oil, Temperature, Columns(Process
engineering). Concentration(Composition), Solubility,
Reprints, "Oil pollution, "Ecosystems, Microcosms.
PB84-144567	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Effects of Different Mixing Schedules on Phyto-
plankton, Zooplankton and Nutrients in Marine Mi-
crocosms. Journal article,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Graduate School of
Oceanography.
C. A. Oviatt. C1981,14p EPA-600/J-81 -674
Grant EPA-R-806072
Pub. in Marine Ecology-Progress Series, v4 p57-67
1981.
An experiment was carried out with different mixing
schedules in marine microcosms. Continuous mixing
resulted in higher chlorophyll concentrations, lower nu-
trient concentrations and lower zooplankton biomass
than no mixing. No mixing caused water-column strati-
fications of chlorophyll and nutrients, as well as of or-
ganisms such as flagellates and rotifers adapted to
low-mixing regimes. The most dramatic result was the
low biomass of zooplankton in the continuously mixed
microcosms and the high biomass of zooplankton in
the unmixed microcosm.
Keywords: "Plankton, "Marine biology, "Ecology,
Mixing, Nutrients, Zooplankton, Phytoplankton, Chlor-
ophylls, Concentration(Composition), Biological pro-
ductivity, Comparison, Respiration, Diurnal variations,
Biomass, Tables(Data), Turbulence, Estuaries, Re-
prints, "Microcosms.
PB84-144575	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Incorporation, Distribution and Fate of Saturated
Petroleum Hydrocarbons In Sediments from a
Controlled Marine Ecosystem. Journal article,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Graduate School of
Oceanography.
T. L. Wade, and J. G. Quinn. c1980,13p EPA-600/J-
80-445
Grants EPA-R-803902, EPA-R-806072
Pub. in Marine Environmental Research, v3 p 15-33
1980.
A simulation of a chronic input of petroleum into an es-
tuarine environment was investigated using the facili-
ties at the Marine Ecosystems Research Laboratory at
the University of Rhode Island. An oil-water dispersion
of No 2 fuel oil was added to the system (twice weekly
for 24 weeks) and the saturated hydrocarbons from
this oil were measured in suspended material and sedi-
ments. After the initial chronic oil addition, trace
amounts of hydrocarbons were detected in the sedi-
ments within two weeks, but substantial accumulation
was not detected for approximately 135 days. The oil
appeared to enter the sediment via the suspended ma-
terial, with most of the saturated hydrocarbons associ-
ated with smaller size sediment particles (<45 mi-
crometers to> 0.3 micrometers. With time, the fuel oil
saturated hydrocarbons in the sediments were mixed
to a depth of 3 to 4 cm. Although only 12% of the total
saturated hydrocarbons added to the system were
found in the sediments, these hydrocarbons appear to
be relatively stable and were still detectable in these
sediments for at least six months after the last oil addi-
tion.
Keywords: "Estuaries, "Petroleum products, "Sedi-
ments, Hydrocarbons, Fuel oil, Chemical analysis, Gas
chromatography, Reprints, "Ecosystems, "Oil pollu-
tion, "Sediment-water interfaces, "Path of pollutants,
"Water pollution detection.
PB84-144583	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Disruption of the Primary Fouling Sequence on
Fiber Glass-Reinforced Plastic Submerged In the
Marine Environment. Journal article,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Graduate School of
Oceanography.
D. A. Caron, and J. M. Sieburth. c1981, 9p EPA-600/J-
81-673
Grants EPA-R-803902, EPA-R-806072
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v41
n1 p268-273 1981.
Fiber glass-reinforced plastic immersed in an experi-
mental estuarine mesocosm fouled at estimated rates
of 0.5, 5.5, and 18.8 ng (wet weight) 1 /sq mm day over
days 0 to 2, 2 to 6, and 6 to 14, respectively. Protists,
dominated by diatoms, which developed between days
3 and 6 and covered 90% of the undisturbed surface in
2 weeks, were effectively removed by twice-weekly
brushing of the surface to maintain an immature 3-day
bacterial film which covered 12% or less of the surface
and had a biomass 3 orders of magnitude smaller than
surfaces with 2 weeks' unrestricted fouling. Direct
brushing of the fiber glass-reinforced plastic tank walls
of experimental estuarine mesocosms minimized the
'wall effect' by keeping a surface that maintained a low
biomass of a slowly accumulating bacterial film rather
than a surface which supported the more rapid accu-
mulation of protists which in turn may induce the settle-
ment of invertebrates and macrophytes.
Keywords: "Estuaries, "Fiberglass reinforced plastics,
"Fouling prevention, Microorganisms, Polymeric films,
Bacteria, Reprints.
PB84-144591/HSU	PC A99/MF E08
Air Quality Criteria for Lead. Volumes 1 through 4.
Review Draft.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Oct 83,1335p EPA-600/8-83-028A
See also PB-280 411.
The document evaluates and assesses scientific infor-
mation on the health and welfare effects associated
with exposure to various concentrations of lead in am-
bient air. The literature through 1983 has been re-
viewed thoroughly for information relevant to air quality
criteria, although the document is not intended as a
complete and detailed review of all literature pertaining
to lead. An attempt has been made to identify the
major discrepancies in our current knowledge and un-
derstanding of the effects of these pollutants. Al-
though this document is principally concerned with the
health and welfare effects of lead, other scientific data
are presented and evaluated in order to provide a
better understanding of this pollutant in the enviro-
ment. To this end, the document includes chapters
that discuss the chemistry and physics of the pollutant;
analytical techniques; sources; and types of emis-
sions; environmental concentrations and exposure
levels; atmospheric chemistry and dispersion model-
ing; effects on vegetation; and respiratory, physiologi-

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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
cal, toxicological, clinical, and epidemiological aspects
of human exposure.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), 'Public health, "Air pollution,
Exposure, Concentration(Composition), Sources, Toxi-
cology, Vegetation, Chemical analysis, Physiological
effects, Sampling, Plants(Botany), "Air quality, 'Air
pollution effects(Humans), 'Toxic substances, Air pol-
lution effects(Plants), Atmospheric chemistry, Enviro-
mental health, Health risks.
PB84-145101/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of the Disposal of Flue Gas Cleaning
Wastes In Coal Mines and at Sea: Refined Assess-
ment. Final rept. Jun 75-Sep 83,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
R. R. Lunt, C. B. Cooper, A. S. Reyman, S. L. Johnson,
and I. Bodek. Jan 84,224p EPA-600/7-84-005
Contract EPA-68-03-2334
See also PB-269 270.
The report gives a refined assessment of the feasibility
of disposing of flue gas cleaning (FGC) wastes in coal
mines and at sea. Its focus is on specific impact areas
identified in an earlier assessment. These areas were
further investigated through laboratory studies as well
as an additional review ol published information. For
FGC waste disposal in coal mines, the issues ad-
dressed are: (1) physical stability of FGC waste depos-
ited in surface mines; (2) effects of freezing on waste
dewatering/drainage; (3) fugitive emissions from han-
dling and disposal; (4) leaching of total oxidizable
sulfur (TOS) from sulfite-rich wastes; (5) release of
gases from waste deposits; and (6) corrosion potential
for concrete bulkheads used for containment in under-
ground mines. For disposal of FGC wastes at sea, the
impact issues studied were: (1) the physical fate in the
water column during descent from conventional barge
disposal; (2) benthic transport and sedimentation of
dumped FGC waste; and (3) depletion of oxygen due
to dissolution of TOS from sulfite-rich wastes. These
issues represent potential environmental impacts
which may require evaluation for specific disposal con-
ditions. In general, existing controls can mitigate such
impacts; e.g., modification of waste properties and
waste placement methods.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, 'Coal mines, Air pol-
lution, Flue gases, Assessments, Scrubbing, Industrial
wastes, Fly ash, Combustion products, Environmental
impacts, Leaching, Transport properties. Economic
analysis, Mathematical models, Physical properties,
Stability, Water pollution, Feasibility, Cost estimates,
'Ocean waste disposal, Fugitive emissions, Path of
pollutants.
PB84-145119/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Research Planning Task Group Study-Thermal De-
struction. Final rept.,
Advanced Environmental Control Technology Re-
search Center, Urbana, IL.
M. J. Binder, and R. A. Strehlow. Jan 84,131p EPA-
600/2-84-025
Grant EPA-R-806819
The objectives of this study were to determine the
state-of-the-art of thermal destruction of industrial
toxic waste, and to identify and prioritize research
needs in this area. Through a literature search, discus-
sion with EPA personnel, discussions with authorities
in the area of thermal destruction, and attendance at a
national meeting on the subject, the state-of-the-art of
thermal destruction of industrial toxic waste has been
determined, and research needs which may be ex-
pected to provide useful results have been identified.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Incinerators, 'Hazard-
ous materials, 'Solid waste disposal, Field tests, Labo-
ratory equipment, Combustion products, Mathematical
models, Chemical compounds, Pesticides, Air pollu-
tion, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
Tables(Data), 'Toxic substances, State of the art,
Chemical reaction mechanisms.
PB84-145176/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Chemical Exposures and Animal Activity; Utility of
the Figure-Eight Maze,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. W. Reiter. 1984,16p EPA-600/D-84-011
The need for rapid and inexpensive tests in toxicology
has prompted several advisory panels to recommend
motor activity as a screen for neurotoxicity. Since
motor activity reflects the general status of the orga-
nism, disruption produced by a variety of neurotoxic
and non-neurotoxic mechanisms should be manifest
as changes in motor activity. Studies of motor activity
are useful, therefore, when no a priori reason exists for
predicting a particular behavioral effect of exposure to
a chemical. Activity measurements are also useful in
characterizing the toxic properties of a chemical.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, "Toxicology, Activi-
ty, Animal behavior, Texts, 'Toxic substances, Motor
activity, Neurotoxicity.
PB84-145S07/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Mobile Drinking Water Treatment Research Facili-
ty for Inorganic Contaminants Removal: Design,
Construction, and Operation. Final rept. Jul 78-Aug
81,
Houston Univ., TX.
D. Clifford, and M. Bilimoria. Jun 84,71 p EPA-600/3-
84-018
Grant EPA-R-806073
This report describes the field research capabilities of
the 10-ft wide by 40-ft long transportable research fa-
cility and summarizes its design, construction, and op-
eration. With an October 1981 replacement value of
$182,000, the mobile facility contains a complete ana-
lytical laboratory and an 8 L/min pilot plant with inter-
connected RO, IX, AAI, and EDR units. The treatment
technologies applicable to a given contaminant remov-
al problem are operated separately over a period of
several months. The resulting performance data for all
processes are then compared on technical and eco-
nomic bases and appropriate general recommenda-
tions are made for that type of contaminant removal
problem.
Keywords'. "Water treatment, "Inorganic compounds,
'Mobile equipment, Potable water, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, Desalting, Field tests, Ion ex-
changing, Electrodialysis, Pilot plants, Reverse osmo-
sis.
PB84-145564/HSU	PC A24/MF A01
Documentation of EMSL-LV (Environmental Moni-
toring Systems Laboratory-Las Vegas) Contribu-
tion to Dallas Lead Study,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
K. W. Brown, W. F. Beckert, S. C. Black, G. T. Flatman,
and J. W. Mullins. Jan 84, 572p EPA-600/4-84-012
Prepared in cooperation with Lockheed Engineering
and Management Services Co., Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
During the summer of 1982 the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA), conducted a comprehensive
multimedia environmental monitoring program in the
vicinity of two secondary lead smelters located in
Dallas, Texas. This monitoring program, which was
conducted within a 1 mile radius of the two smelters,
included a major soils investigation and the collection
and analysis of approximately 3,000 soil, 1,000 blood,
and 750 dust samples. Approximately 250 vegetation
samples were also collected. For this study EMSL-LV
was requested to provide documentation and guid-
ance for the quality assurance/quality control (QA/
QC) program, and to provide the analytical methods
and soil sampling procedures protocols. The results of
this soil monitoring strategy plus the protocols, reports
and pertinent documentation provided by EMSL-LV for
the Dallas Lead Study are presented.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), "Environmental surveys, "Air
pollution. Sampling, Chemical analysis, Soils, Blood
analysis. Dust, Vegetation, Sites,
Concentration(Composition), Smelters, Texas, Indus-
trial wastes. Combustion products, Tables(Data),
"Lead smelters, 'Air pollution detection, "Air pollution
sampling, Air pollution effects(Humans), Air pollution
effects(Plants), Dallas(Texas).
PB84-145580/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Proceedings of Workshop on Catalytic Combus-
tion (5th) Held at San Antonio, Texas on Septem.
ber 1981,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
J. P. Kesselring. Jan 84,432p EPA-600/9-84-002
Contract EPA-68-02-3122
See also PB-293 336.
The proceedings document the major presentations at
the Fifth Workshop on Catalytic Combustion, in San
Antonio, Texas, September 15-16, 1981. Sponsored
by the Combustion Research Branch of EPA's Industri-
al Environmental Research Laboratory-Research Tri-
angle Park, the workshop served as a forum for the
presentation of results of recent research in the areas
of catalyst performance, use of heavy fuels in catalytic
combustion, and applications of catalytic combustion.
The workshop provided industrial, university, and gov-
ernment representatives with the current state-of-the-
art in the application of catalytic combustion systems
for pollution control and performance improvement.
Applications include firetube and watertube boilers,
stationary and mobile gas turbines, and diesel engine
exhaust systems.
Keywords: "Meetings, "Air pollution control, 'Cataly-
sis, 'Industrial wastes, 'Exhaust emissions, "Nitrogen
oxides, Catalysts, Performance evaluation, Gas tur-
bines, Combustion products, Boilers, High tempera-
ture tests, Chemical reactions, "Catalytic combustion
process, 'Catalytic reactors(Exhaust systems), Diesel
engine exhaust, Stationary sources.
PB84-145762/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Survey ol the Marine Benthic Infauna Collected
from the United States Radioactive Waste Dispos-
al Sites Off the Farallon Islands, California. Final
rept.,
California State Univ., Long Beach. Dept. of Biology.
D. J. Reish. Jan 83,65p EPA-520/1-83-006
Benthic biological samples were taken in 1977 from
the vicinity of the Farallon Islands radioactive waste
disposal sites for characterization of the infaunal ma-
croinvertebrates and foraminifera. A total ol 120 inver-
tebrate species were collected, of which 75 species
(63 percent) were polychaetes. Forty-three of these
polychaete species have not previously been reported
from depths greater than 1000m. A total of 1044 ma-
croinvertebrate specimens were collected of which 54
percent were polychates. Only the nematods were
present at all six benthic stations, but the community
structure was dominated by the polychaetes Tauberia
gracilis, Allia pulchra, Chaetozone setosa, and Cos-
sura Candida. Living and dead foraminifera were re-
ported. The possible role of polychaetes in bioturba-
tion and in the marine food chain is briefly discussed
with respect to the various polychaete feeding mecha-
nisms.
Keywords: 'Marine biology. Invertebrates, Abundance,
Farallon Islands, Benthos, Sediments, Sampling, For-
minifera, North Pacific Ocean, Coasts, California, "Ra-
dioactive waste facilities, Radioactive waste disposal,
'Marine disposal, Low-level radioactive wastes, Envi-
ronmental exposure pathways, Species diversity,
Ocean waste disposal.
PB84-145937/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
EPA Evaluation of the VCD Supplemental Gase-
ous Fuel Delivery System under Section 511 of
the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings
Act. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
E. A. Barth. Sep 83,79p EPA-AA-TEB-511-83-13
This report announces the conclusions of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) evaluation of the
'VCD Supplemental Gaseous Fuel Delivery System'
under the provisions of Section 511 of the Motor Vehi-
cle Information and Cost Savings Act. The evaluation
of the 'VCD Supplemental Gaseous Fuel Delivery
System' was conducted on the application of the man-
ufacturer. The device is designed to operate the
engine of a vehicle on a mixture of gasoline and pro-
pane. The device consists of a gaseous fuel meterina
and control unit, a modified carburetor and associated
electrical and plumbing components. It functions by re-
placing some of the gasoline with propane under cer-
tain operating conditions. The device causes the

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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
engine to idle on propane, cruise on gasoline, and ac-
celerate on a mixture of the two fuels. This is claimed
to be more fuel efficient. This combination of improve-
ments in fuel efficency and fuel substitution is claimed
to save both fuel and money.
Keywords: "Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, "Ex-
haust emissions, Gasoline, Propane, Fuel systems,
Carburation, Performance evaluation, Alternate fuels.
PB84-146125/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Study of Personal Exposure to Carbon Monoxide
In Denver, Colorado,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Durham, NC.
T. Johnson. Jan 84, 290p EPA-600/4-84-014
Contract EPA-68-02-3755
The target population for the study included all nonin-
stitutionalized, nonsmoking residents of the urbanized
portion of the metropolitan area who were between 18
and 70 years of age at the time of the study. A total of
454 study participants were obtained through the use
of a screening questionnaire administered to several
thousand households in the study area. Each partici-
pant was asked to carry a personal exposure monitor
(PEM) and an activity diary for two consecutive 24-
hour sampling periods and to provide a breath sample
at the end of each sampling period. Each participant
also completed a detailed background questionnaire.
Analyses of approximately 900 person-days of PEM
and activity diary data found that personal CO expo-
sures were higher in microenvironments associated
with motor vehicles such as parking garages and auto-
mobiles.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Carbon monoxide, Exposure,
Colorado, Urban areas, Questionnaires,
Denver(Colorado), "Air pollution effects(Humans).
PB84-146166/HSU	PC A04
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Evalua-
tion of the P.S.C.U. 01 Device Under Section 511
of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Sav-
ings Act. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
S. L. Syria. Aug 83, 52p EPA-AA-TEB-511-83-6
This document announces the conclusions of the EPA
evaluation of the P.S.C.U. 01' device under the provi-
sions of Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Information
and Cost Savings Act. The evaluation of the P.S.C.U.
01 was conducted upon the application of Dutch Pacif-
ic, Incorporated. The device is comprised of several
mechanical and electrical components and is intended
to generate steam and deliver it to the combustion
chamber via an inline catalyst. The device is claimed to
improve fuel economy and to reduce exhaust emis-
sions. The P.S.C.U. 01 is classified by EPA as a Vapor
bleed device.
Keywords: "Automobiles, "Fuel consumption, "Ex-
haust emissions, Fuel systems, Catalysts, Combustion
chambers, Performance evaluation.
PB84-146448/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab-Cincinnati,
OH.
Environmental Assessment of Surface Mining
Methods: Head-of-Hollow Fill and Mountalntop
Removal. Volume 1. Final rept. Nov 75-Apr 80.
Skelly and Loy, Harrisburg, PA,
Jan 84,224p EPA-600/7-84-01 OA
Contract EPA-68-03-2354
See also PB84-146455, and PB-300 540.
This study was undertaken to assess the environmen-
tal effects of coal mining and reclamation techniques
employed in Kentucky and West Virginia mountaintop
removal and head-of-hollow fill construction. Phase III
results are reported in this document. Phase III work
consisted of a detailed environmental assessment
conducted at two surface coal mine sites in Kentucky
and West Virginia, including study of rainfall/runoff re-
lationships, water quality, stream benthic macroinver-
tebrate community, and terrestrial vegetation. Also in-
cluded was an introductory investigation into head-of-
hollow fill stability and a study of fugitive dust emis-
sions generated by Appalachian coal mines.
Keywords: "Coal mining, "Surface mining, "Environ-
mental impacts, Land reclamation, Earth fills, Ken-
tucky, West Virginia, Surface water runoff, Water qual-
ity, "Head of hollow fills.
PB84-146455/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Environmental Assessment of Surface Mining
Methods Head-of-Hollow Fill and Mountaintop Re-
moval. Volume 2. Final rept. Nov 75-Oct 81.
Skelly and Loy, Harrisburg, PA.
Jan 84,122p EPA-600/7-84-010B
Contract EPA-68-03-2354
See also PB84-146448.
As a portion of the EPA study 'Environmental Assess-
ment of Head-of-Hollow Fill and Mountaintop Removal
Mining,' this volume documents the evaluation of the
long-term stability of four head-of-hollow fills. Three
phases of work included in the endeavor are: collec-
tion of samples of valley fill material at several loca-
tions; determination of sample moisture content, den-
sity and shear strength: and application of these pa-
rameters to stability analysis, analysis of water carrying
capacity of rock chimney drains, and evaluation of the
reliability and effectiveness of remote data collection
techniques.
Keywords: "Coal mining, "Surface mining, "Environ-
mental impacts, Land reclamation, Earth fills, Ken-
tucky, West Virginia, Surface water runoff, Water qual-
ity, "Head of hollow fills.
PB84-146505	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Acid Rain and Environmental Policy,
Boyce Thompson Inst, for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY.
J. S. Jacobson. c1981, 7pEPA-600/J-81-679
Grant EPA-R-804513
Pub. in Jnl. of Air Pollution Control Association, v31
n10p1071-1073, Oct. 81.
The acid rain problem is a controversial subject that
encompasses scientific, economic, and political
issues. Despite the numerous popular articles, techni-
cal meetings, and large sums of money spent for re-
search, we seem to be no closer to a solution of the
problem than we were a year ago. This report contains
some contrasting views of the acid rain problem.
Keywords: "Air pollution, Reprints, "Acid rain.
PB84-146513	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Response of Maize and Wheat to Sulfur Dioxide,
Boyce Thompson Inst, for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY.
J. A. Laurence. c1979, 8p EPA-600/J-79/153
Grant EPA-R-807398
Pub. in Plant Disease Reporter, v63 n6 p468-47l,
1979.
Four hybrids of maize and seven cultivars of wheat
were exposed to relatively low concentrations of sulfur
dioxide (0.1 to 0.6 ppm) for up to 100 hours. Maize was
found to be tolerant to sulfur dioxide and only minor dif-
ferences were observed in dry mass, foliar injury, and
total sulfur concentration. Total sulfur was found to be
an inadequate estimator of sulfur dioxide dose. Wheat
was less tolerant than maize and differences in sensi-
tivities among cultivars were observed. Era spring
wheat was most tolerant and Arrow winter wheat was
most sensitive.
Keywords: "Sulfur dioxide, "Air pollution, "Wheat
plants,	"Corn plants, Exposure,
Toierances(Physiology), Sensitivity, Damage, Plant tis-
sues, Reprints, "Zea mays, "Triticum aestivum, "Air
pollution effects(Plants).
PB84-146521	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Exposure of Spray Applicators and Mixer-Loaders
to Chlorobenzilate Mitlcide In Florida Citrus
Groves. Journal article,
Agricultural Research and Education Center, Lake
Alfred, FL.
H. N. Nigg, and J. H. Stamper. C1983,9p EPA-600/J-
83-145
Grant EPA-R-806474
Also pub. as Florida Agricultural Experiment Stations,
Gainsville, Journal Series No. 4172.
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 12, P477-482,1983.
Exposure of applicators and mixerloads to chloroben-
zilate in Florida citrus groves was monitored on each
person with dermal cellulose pads attached at 12 loca-
tions on the body and with personal air monitors worn
by each subject. Urine samples were analyzed for the
presence of chlorobenzilate metabolites. Applicators
received about four times the dermal exposure of
mixer-loaders but did not have significantly higher uri-
nary metabolite levels. Respiratory exposure was uni-
formly low. Disposable coveralls reduced urinary meta-
bolite excretion rates 24%. Disposable coveralls and
hand protection covering the wrist afforded practical
protection. (Copyright (c) 1983 Springer-Verlag New
York Inc.)
Keywords: "Industrial hygiene, "Agricultural machin-
ery, "Citrus trees, "Acaricides, Exposure, Protective
clothing, Sprayers, Mixers, Toxicity, Air pollution, In-
secticides, Chlorine organic compounds, Reprints,
"Toxic substances, "Occupational safety and health,
"Chlorobenzilate.
PB84-146539	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Air Pollutants on Plant Productivity,
Boyce Thompson Inst, for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY.
J. A. Laurence, and L. H. Weinstein. c1981,21 p EPA-
600/J-81-680
Grant EPA-R-807398
Pub. in Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 19, p257-272,1981.
Air pollutants modify the productivity of agrisystems.
Any effect of air pollution on growth or quality of a plant
is an effect of productivity. Early efforts to estimate the
effects of air pollutants on crop productivity were often
based only on observation. Of the different methods
utilized to determine losses of crop productivity, the
open-top field chambers are perhaps the best for de-
termining effects on plant yield, at least for 03. Several
studies have been conducted to determine the effects
of photochemical oxidants from major metropolitan
areas on productivity in natural ecosystems. The con-
troversies associated with the effects of air pollution
on plants in general, and ecosystems in particular,
extend to the possibility that pollutants alter the rela-
tionship between plants and destructive insects and
kill beneficial insects, or that accumulation in insects
makes them a vehicle for their transfer in ecosystems.
(Copyright (c) 1981 by Annual Reviews Inc.)
Keywords: "Oxidizers, "Farm crops, "Air pollution,
Photochemical reactions, Losses, Yield, Plant growth.
Maturation, Insects, Exposure, Bean plants, Corn
plants, Sensitivity, Field tests, Reprints, "Air pollution
effects(Plants).
PB84-147438/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Development of Standard Procedures for Evaluat-
ing Oxygen Transfer Devices. Final rept. Mar 78-
Dec 80,
American Society of Civil Engineers, New York.
W. C. Boyle. Oct 83,317p* EPA-600/2-83-102
Grant EPA-R-805868
In an effort to obtain consensus standards for the eval-
uation of aeration devices in both clean and dirty
water, the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
established a Subcommittee on Oxygen Transfer
Standards in January 1977. This report presents the
outcome of this review process and provides recom-
mended procedures for testing of oxygen transfer de-
vices in both clean and dirty water. It is prepared as
seven interdependent reports including (1) modelling
and data interpretation, (2) unsteady state clean water
tests, (3) effects of wastewater characteristics and
temperature on oxygen transfer, (4) oxygen transfer
measurements in respiring systems, (5) geometry and
mixing considerations, (6) gas flow measurement, and
(7) power measurement.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Standards, "Aerators,
Design criteria, Industrial wastes, Field tests, Perform-
ance evaluation, Surfactants, Gas flow, Power meas-
urement, State government, "Oxygen transfer stand-
ards, State of the art.

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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB84-147453/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Control Technology Alternatives and Costs for
Compliance: Elemental Phosphorus Plants. Final
rept.,
Science Applications, Inc., La Jolla, CA.
R. T. Stula, B. E. Kirstein, R. T. Redding, D. L.
deLesdernier, and W. F. Horton. 1 Dec83,109p
Contract EPA-68-01 -6429
On April 6, 1983, the United States Environmental Pro-
tection Agency (EPA) proposed a standard under Sec-
tion 112 of the Clean Air Act limiting airborne poloni-
um-210 emissions (or calciner operations at domestic
elemental phosphorus plants to 1 Ci/yr. To evaluate
the effect of the proposed standard, physical and
chemical properties of polonium through plant proc-
esses assessed. Results indicate that polonium is
volatilized from phosphate ore during calcining and, for
the most part, deposited on fine particulates leaving
the process. Projected emissions for each elemental
phosphorus plant were determined using available
data, and the uncertainty associated with each esti-
mated release was evaluated. After taking into ac-
count this uncertainty, two plants were determined to
exceed the proposed limiting standard for airborne po-
lonium emissions. One plant was found in borderline
compliance. Emission control alternatives are pro-
posed for the three plants. Cost estimates associated
with each proposed alternative are provided.
Keywords: 'Polonium 210, * Air pollution control,
'Fines, Standards, Particles, Alternatives, Cost esti-
mates, Roasting, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Chemical properties, Physical properties, "Phos-
phorus industry, * Air pollution standards, Clean Air
Act, Phosphate rocks.
PB84-148014/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Evalua-
tion of the Mesco Moisture Extraction System
under Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Informa-
tion and Cost Savings Act. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
E. A. Barth. Jul 83,74p EPA-AA-TEB-511-83-10
This document announces the conclusions of the EPA
evaluation of the Mesco Moisture Extraction System
device under the provisions of Section 511 of the
Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act. The
evaluation of the Mesco Moisture Extraction System
was conducted upon the application of the manufac-
turer. The device is an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)
system. The device supplements the EGR system of a
vehicle by adding cooled and filtered exhaust gas to
the carburetor. The ignition timing is also advanced.
This combination of advanced timing and supplemen-
tal EGR is claimed to result in a longer cleaner burn
that improves engine performance and reduces emis-
sions.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, "Fuel consumption, 'Ex-
haust emissions, Exhaust systems. Ignition systems,
Timing circuits, Moisture control, Performance evalua-
tion, 'Exhaust gas recirculation systems.
PB84-148170/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati
OH.
Hydrocarbon Solvent Recovery in the Presence
of Resin Contaminants,
Arkansas Univ., Fayetteville.
J. L. Turpin. Jan 84,48p EPA-600/2-84-033
Grant EPA-R-807577
Sponsored in part by Smith (A.O.)-lnland, Inc., Little
Rock, AR.
A system was developed to recover acetone from an
air stream in which there were suspended epoxy resin
particles. This recovery problem is encountered in the
manufacture of fiber glass reinforced plastic pipe. It is
representative of numerous other industrial situations
which require the recovery of hydrocarbon solvents
from a gaseous stream containing resin particles in
order to eliminate atmospheric pollution. The system
developed was a three-stage low temperature conden-
sation process preceded by a cascade impactor. A
scale model of the system was designed and con-
structed. It was tested in the laboratory, and on a split
stream of an actual plant process.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, "Industrial medi-
cine, "Organic solvents, "Materials recovery, "Air pol-
68 Vol. 90, No. 24
lution control, Exposure, Inspection, Hazardous mate-
rials, Epoxy resins, Condensation resins, Design crite-
ria, Performance evaluation, Adsorption, Acetone,
Plastic pipes, "Indoor air pollution, "Toxic substances,
"Occupational safety and health, Cascade impactors.
PB84-148188/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Freshwater Findings, 1979-1982: Research Publi-
cations of the Environmental Research Laborato-
ry, Duluih, Minnesota,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
T. Highland, and C. Curtis. Oct 83,196p EPA-600/X-
84-003
See also PB80-167257.
This report contains citations of publications for the
years 1979-1982 on research conducted or supported
by the Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth. All
published material has been organized into two major
categories: (1) Journal Articles, Book Chapters, Pro-
ceedings, etc., and (2) EPA Research Reports. The
report is organized by year with all journal articles,
book chapters, proceedings, etc., for a given year ap-
pearing before the EPA research reports for the same
year; within each category publications are listed al-
phabetically by author. Authors of the publications
listed include ERL-Duluth laboratory staff members
and scientists at universities, in industry, and at other
facilities who received research funding under the aus-
pices of the Environmental Research Laboratory-
Duluth. Limited quantities of reprints are available for
those articles identified by ERL-Duluth reprint number
in parentheses following the citation. These can be ob-
tained by writing to: Librarian, ERL-Duluth, U.S. EPA,
6201 Congdon Boulevard, Duluth, MN 55804. EPA re-
search reports can be obtained by writing to: National
Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road,
Springfield, VA 22151. All other articles are not avail-
able from ERL-Duluth or NTIS, but can be found in
most major libraries.
Keywords: "Fresh water, "Bibliographies, "Water pol-
lution, Research projects, Abstracts, Toxicity, Electric
power plants. Industrial wastes. Pesticides, Sedi-
ments, Limnology, Transport properties, Fresh water
biology, "Water pollution effects(Animals), "Water
quality, Path of pollutants.
PB84-148204/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Organic Chemical Producers Data Base Develop-
ment and Update,
S-Cubed, La Jolla, CA.
R. Soklow. Jan 84,107p* EPA-600/2-84-034
Contract EPA-68-03-3015
This report describes modification, content expansion
and update activities performed on the Organic Chemi-
cal Producers Data Base (OCPDB), an EPA-owned,
computerized information system containing data on
chemical products and industrial production facilities
located in the United States. A brief description is
given of the OCPDB system structure as implemented
under System 2000, the data base management
system currently used for the revision, update and
maintenance of the OCPDB. A discussion of OCPDB
data is presented, describing the types of information
available in this data base. Revisions to the OCPDB
scheme made to facilitate the incorporation of addi-
tional information are described, and a newly-devel-
oped data report for chemical uses is illustrated. Con-
tent expansion, verification and update activities for all
data are discussed in detail, and appropriate reference
material is cited specifically for each component of
data. A recommended, stepwise procedure for incor-
poration of the OCPDB as an individual component of
the EPA/NIH Chemical Information System is present-
ed, along with recommendations to expand the scope
of information and improve the utility of the data base.
Examples of all OCPDB standard reports are illustrat-
ed and a listing of chemicals and producers comprising
the OCPDB is presented.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, Information system-
ing, Manufacturers, Industrial plants, Chemical indus-
try, "Organic Chemical Producers Data Base.
PB84-148345/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
National Symposium on Recent Advances in Pol-
lutant Monitoring of Ambient Air and Stationary
Sources, Held at Raleigh, North Caroline May 4-7
1982.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
May 83, 402p EPA-600/9-83-007
The second national symposium to explore recent de-
velopments that may improve the state-of-the-art for
monitoring techniques was presented by the U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitor-
ing Systems Laboratory (EMSL), May 4 through May 7,
1982, at the Mission Valley Inn in Raleigh, North Caro-
lina. The symposium is part of a continuing effort to ex-
plore recent advances in pollutant monitoring of ambi-
ent air and stationary sources. Approximately 300 en-
gineers and scientists from industry, universities, and
control agencies attended the meeting. The symposi-
um served as a forum for exchange of ideas and infor-
mation. The presentations addressed both source
emission monitoring and ambient air monitoring. In-
cluded were presentations on gaseous organic*, par-
ticulate pollutants, and personal monitoring. Also pre-
sented were findings relative to sampling and analyti-
cal methods as well as to a broad spectrum of organic
chemicals in outdoor and indoor air. This publication is
intended for those interested in air monitoring and who
were unable to attend the symposium. This report in-
cludes only those papers submitted voluntarily by
speakers. An agenda Is included listing all the speak-
ers who participated in the symposium.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Meetings, Sampling, Organ-
ic compounds, Particles, Dosimetry, Sources, Gas
analysis, Chemical analysis, Hazardous materials.
Laboratory equipment, "Stationary sources, "Air pollu-
tion detection, "Air pollution sampling, Indoor air pollu-
tion, Monitoring.
PB84-148360/HSU	PC AM/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Atmospheric Fluxes and Geochemistries ef StaMe
Pb, Pb-210, and Po-210 In Crystal Lake, Wiscon-
sin: Wisconsin Power Plant Impact Murfy,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison.
R. W. Talbot, and A. W. Andren. Jan 84,117p EPA-
600/3-84-022
Grant EPA-R-806878
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Power and
Light Co., Madison, Madison Gas and Electric Compa-
ny, Wl., Wisconsin Public Service Corp., Madison, Wis-
consin Public Service Commission, Madison, and Wis-
consin Dept. of Natural Resources, Madison.
In a lake system where atmospheric input greatly ex-
ceeds other source inputs, the atmospheric supply,
water column transport, and sediment accumulation
should be coupled. This research examined the ex-
change of lead between these compartments. The ap-
proach was to use Pb-210 as a natural tracer to pro-
vide experimental evidence concerning the movement
of lead between various compartments, thereby linking
the geochemical regime of lead in an integrated lake
system. The investigation was conducted in Crystal
Lake, Wisconsin, an oligotrophia non-calcareous,
seepage lake located in a semi-remote, heavily forest-
ed area of north-central Wisconsin. The atmosphere
serves as the principal route tor transport ot material to
the lake. Stable Pb concentrations in the water column
are of the order of 20O ng/kg.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Lead isotopes, "Polonium
isotopes, "Crystal Lake, "Water pollution, "Air water
interactions, Aerosols, Sediments, Geochemistry, Po-
lonium 210, Concentration
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
water, the American Society ot Civil Engineers (ASCE)
established a Subcommittee on Oxygen Transfer
Standards in January 1977. The objectives o1 the Sub-
committee were to review and critically evaluate the
state-of-the-art of oxygen transfer testing, evaluate
and critically review existing standards and identify crit-
ical areas of disagreement and uncertainty, develop
documentation for recommendations for interim stand-
ards and recommended verification methodology, and
prepare these standards and submit them for ASCE
consensus evaluation. This report presents the out-
come of this review process and provides recommend-
ed procedures for testing of oxygen transfer devices in
both clean and dirty water.
Keywords: "Aerators, 'Oxygenation, "Standards,
'Water pollution, Design criteria, Performance evalua-
tion, Mathematical models, Respirators, Field tests,
Laboratory equipment, State of the art.
PB84-148535/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab-Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of a Surface Application of Limestone
for Controlling Acid Mine Discharges from Aban-
doned Strip Mines, Sewellsville, Ohio. Final rept.,
South Carolina Univ., Columbia.
G. Geidel, and F. T. Caruccio. Jan 04,185p EPA-600/
2-84-004
Grant EPA-R-805116
A 150-acre drainage basin in an unreclaimed coal strip
mine in east-central Ohio was studied and extensively
monitored to determine the effect of a surface applica-
tion of limestone on the ground water quality. Prior to
the limestone treatment the ground and surface water
of the basin was acidic due to pyrite oxidation in the
spoil. The results of this field study and simultaneous
laboratory experiments showed that the maximum
amount of alkalinity that can be generated by a surface
application of limestone is not sufficient to reduce the
ground water acidity generated by pyrite oxidation. Ad-
ditionally, the amount of limestone applied was not suf-
ficient to significantly decrease the rate of pyrite oxida-
tion nor provide neutralization and thereby produce
neutral or alkaline discharges from the abandoned
coal strip mine sites.
Keywords: "Coal mining, "Water pollution control,
"Watersheds, Monitoring, Limestone, Pyrite, Oxida-
tion, Alkalinity, Neutralizing, Spoil, Ground water, Sur-
face waters, 'Mine acid drainage, Abandoned mines.
PB84-148543/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Evalua-
tion of the POWERFUeL Extender System under
Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Information and
Cost Savings Act. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
S. L. Syria. Aug 83,49p EPA-AA-TEB-511-83-7
The evaluation of the POWERFuel Extender System
was conducted upon the application of the manufac-
turer. The device is claimed to improve fuel economy
and driveability and to reduce exhaust emissions and
required engine maintenance. The device is classified
by EPA as a vapor-air bleed device. EPA fully consid-
ered all of the information submitted by the applicant.
The evaluation of the POWERFuel Extender System
was based on that information and on EPA's experi-
ence with other similar devices. Although, in theory,
the introduction of alcohol and water could have a fa-
vorable effect on an engine's cleaniness, power and
maintenance requirements and could even allow some
vehicles to use lower octane fuel, data were not sub-
mitted to substantiate that the POWERFuel Extender
System could cause these benefits.
Keywords: "Automobiles, "Fuel consumption, "Ex-
haust emissions, Performance evaluation, Fuel sys-
tems, Water injection, Alcohol, Powerfuel devices.
PB84-148733/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Control of Asbestos Fiber Loss from Asbestos-
Cement Watermaln. Final rept. Oct 80-Jun 82.
Weston Water Utilitay, Schofield, Wl.
Jan84,60p* EPA-600/2-84-014
Grant EPA-R-808476
The Weston, Wisconsin Water Utility discovered the
deterioration of a portion of its asbestos-cement wa-
termain and subsequently research to identify an ef-
fective means of halting the release of asbestos fibers
into its potable water was begun. Three techniques
were investigated for eliminating or reducing the re-
lease of fibers into the water: (a) formation of a protec-
tive metallic precipitate layer on the pipe surface utiliz-
ing zinc chloride, (b) in situ cement-mortar lining of the
pipe, and (c) flushing of watermains. Implementation of
the above three asbestos control processes would
have widely differing capital and operational costs.
Keywords: "Asbestos, "Water pipelines, "Water pollu-
tion control, Potable water, Deterioration, Asbestos
cement products, Reduction, Pipes, Zinc chloride,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Linings, Protective coatings,
Flushing, Operating costs, Effectiveness, Renovating.
PB84-148766/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Limestone Scrubber Slurry Automatic Control
Systems. Final rept. Mar 78-Mar 81,
Cincinnati Univ., OH.
P. H. Garrett. Jan 84,93p EPA-600/2-84-019
Grant EPA-R-805758
The report utilizes current understanding of limestone
scrubbers for flue gas desulfurization (FGD) to develop
an effort into the optimization of automatic control for
the recirculating slurry processes. The acknowledged
methods of mathematical modeling, computer simula-
tion, and experimental proofing are applied to the
design of slurry limestone addition, slurry density, and
absorber liquid-to-gas (L/G) ratio control systems.
Three automatic control methods are analyzed for
dense limestone feedrate to the recirculating slurry:
stoichiometric control, pH control, and stoichiometric-
assisted pH control. Absorber L/G ratio control for
minimizing scrubber energy requirements while main-
taining an S02 exit target is also designed, based on a
feedforward S02 removal law and slurry pump selec-
tion.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Slurries, "Scrubbers,
Automatic control, Flue gases, Recirculation, Mathe-
matical models, Sulfur dioxide, pH, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, "Limestone scrubbing, "Waste
recycling, Flue gas desulfurization.
PB84-148774/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA. Technolo-
gy Development and Applications Branch.
Estimation of Parameters for Modeling the Behav-
ior of Selected Pesticides and Orthophosphate.
Final rept. Nov 77-Jul 81,
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Soil Science.
P. S. C. Rao, V. E. Berkheiser, and L. T. Ou. Jan 84,
197p EPA-600/3-84-019
Grant EPA-R-805529
A 3-year laboratory study was conducted to determine
sorption and degradation of selected pesticides as
well as sorption of orthophosphorus on several U.S.
agricultural soils. The data obtained in the study permit
the estimation of sorption and degradation parameters
required in predicting nonpoint source loadings of pes-
ticides and phosphorus from croplands. Nine pesti-
cides (six herbicides and three insecticides) represent-
ing a broad range of chemical classes were studied.
The pesticide studies were conducted with seven soil
types; P-sorption was measured on 36 soils that are
distributed widely across the United States. Data sug-
gest that sorption coefficient based on soil organic
carbon is not only independent of soil type but also of
soil particle size within a soil type. For all pesticides
studied, microbial degradation rates followed first-
order kinetics.
Keywords'. "Pesticides, "Sorption, "Degradation, "Or-
ganic phosphates, "Farm crops, "Soils, "Mathematical
models, Reaction kinetics, Herbicides, Pesticides,
Runoff, Metabolism, Environmental impacts, Isoth-
erms, Path of pollutants.
PB84-148782/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Control of 'Qlerdla' Cysts by FHtration: The Lab-
oratory's Role,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
G. S. Logsdon, D. W. Hendricks, and G. R. Pyper. Jan
84, 29p EPA-600/D-84-037
Prepared in cooperation with Colorado State Univ.,
Fort Collins. Dept. of Civil Engineering., and Dufresne-
Henry, Inc., North Springfield, VT.
USEPA has sponsored research on the ability of slow
sand, diatomaceous earth, and dual or multi-media fil-
ters to remove turbidity causing particles, conforms,
and Giardia cysts. The high volume Giardia sampler
used during disease outbreaks was not appropriate for
this research. Membrane filters with diameters of 142
mm or 293 mm and 5 um pore size were used to con-
centrate cysts from filtered waters. This technique has
been used to evaluate cyst removal capabilities of the
above-mentioned types of pilot filters and of small
system sized (10 to 30 gpm) granular media, slow sand
and diatomite filters.
Keywords: "Filtration, "Cysts, Turbidity, Coliforms,
"Water pollution control, "Waterborne diseases, Giar-
dia, Particulates.
PB84-148832/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Estimating Species Richness Using the Jackknife
Procedure. Technical rept.,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston.
J. F. Heltshe, and N. E. Forrester. 1984,22p EPA-600/
D-84-031,, ERLN-X77
Grant EPA-R-807031
An exact expression is given for the jackknife estimate
of the number of species in a community and its vari-
ance when one uses quadrat sampling procedures.
The jackknife estimate is a function of the number of
species that occur in one and only one quadrat. The
variance of the number of species, and approximate
two sided confidence intervals can be constructed.
The behavior of the jackknife estimate as effected by
quadrat size, sample size, and sampling area is looked
at by simulation.
Keywords: "Species, "Ecology, Communities, Sam-
pling, Estimates, Jackknife method, "Biostatisties.
PB84-148840/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Edison, NJ.
Development of Chemical Countermeasures for
Hazardous Waste Contaminated Soil,
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
W. D. Ellis, J. R. Payne, A. N. Tafuri, and F. J.
Freestone. Jan 84,31p EPA-600/D-84-039
Contract EPA-68-03-3113
The objective of this project is to evaluate the eflicacy
of in-situ treatment of large volumes of subsurface
soils, and large, relatively quiescent waterbodies. To
date, efforts have concentrated on soils-related activi-
ties to determine whether significant enhancements to
the in-situ cleanup of chemically contaminated soils
with standard water washing techniques could be ob-
tained by using aqueous surfactants. The addition of
the surfactant mixtures was designed to improve the
solvent properties of the water and enhance the re-
moval of adsorbed chemical contaminants.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Soils, "Chemical
compounds, "Surfactants, Additives, Ground water,
Water pollution, Solid waste disposal, "Chemical treat-
ment.
PM4-148857/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati.
OH.
Advanced Treatment for Wastewater Reclamation
at Water Factory 21. Final rept.,
Orange County Water District, Fountain Valley, CA.
P. L. McCarty, M. Reinhard, N. L. Goodman, J. W.
Grayson, and G. D. Hopkins. Jan 84,243p EPA-600/2-
84-031
Grant EPA-S-806736
Prepared in cooperation with Stanford Univ., CA., and
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
The performance and reliability of Water Factory 21
(WF21) in Orange County, California, for removal of a
broad range of organic, inorganic, and biological con-
taminants from activated-sludge treated municipal
wastewater was evaluated. This full-scale facility has a
capacity of 0.66 cu m/s (15 MGD) and includes chemi-
cal treatment, air stripping, activated carbon adsorp-
tion, reverse osmosis treatment, and disinfection.
WF21 furnishes reclaimed water for a hydraulic barrier
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
that prevents intrusion of sea water into the local fresh
water aquifer. This report is the final one of three re-
ports describing the operation over a five-year period,
and covers the last three-year period when analyses
were most intensive. The objective of this study was to
provide sufficient long-term data on performance, reli-
ability, and cost of full-scale advanced wastewater
treatment to aid in the evaluation of its feasibility for
the production of reclaimed water for potable use.
Operational problems and costs of treatment were
documented, the statistical reliability of the treatment
system to meet current EPA drinking water regulations
was evaluated, the efficiency of the various processes
and the overall system to remove trace contaminants
was determined, the effectiveness of the system in re-
moving (or producing) mutagenic materials was docu-
mented, and potential surrogate parameters to serve
as indicators of the effectiveness of treatment for con-
taminants of concern were evaluated.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Activated sludge
process, "Water reclamation, 'Potable water, Water
treatment, Performance evaluation, Design criteria,
Feasibility, Cost analysis, Trace amounts.
PB84-148865/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.- Cincinnati,
OH.
Conversion of Organic Wastes to Unleaded, High-
Octane Gasoline,
Naval Weapons Center, China Lake, CA.
J. P. Diebold, C. B. Benham, and G. D. Smith. Jan 84,
132p* EPA-600/7-84-008
This project has demonstrated the marriage of two di-
verse technologies previously considered to be unre-
lated-the pyrolysis of organic wastes and the low-
pressure polymerization of low-molecular-weight hy-
drocarbons to form polymer gasoline. This program
comprised the development of a multistep chemical
process to convert solid organic materials into a liquid
hydrocarbon product consisting primarily of high-
octane gasoline. This process selectively pyrolyzes or-
ganic wastes to form gases rich in reactive hydrocar-
bons such as ethylene and propylene. The pyrolysis
gases are compressed and purified to result in three
gaseous streams: carbon dioxide; by-product fuel
gases (hydrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide);
and reactive hydrocarbons. This last stream is further
compressed and sent to the polymerization reactor
where high-octane gasoline is formed.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, 'Solid waste dispos-
al, 'Gasoline, Cellulose, Hydrocarbons, Polymeriza-
tion, Methyl alcohol, Lubricating oils, Hydrocarbons,
Byproducts, 'Refuse derived fuels, 'Unleaded gaso-
line.
PB84-148873/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
DATMAN Terminal User's Guide Version 3.0. Tech-
nical rept.,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston.
L. J. Bass. 1984, 92p EPA-600/D-84-032,, ERLN-X94
Grant EPA-R-807031
DATMAN is a system supported on PRIME and PDP
11/70 computer systems which facilitates the cre-
ation, maintenance, retrieval and analysis of data. The
data can be either numerical or character. Data bases
can be accessed either through the terminal interface
or a FORTRAN interface. For most applications the
terminal interface is adequate. The FORTRAN inter-
face is intended for more sophisticated custom appli-
cations for which the user interface is not adequate.
The interfaces are completely compatible, any
DATMAN data base can be accessed by either inter-
face. This guide describes how to use the terminal
interface. Commands exist to create data bases, add
data, change data, delete data, transform and retrieve
data, and do analysis of data retrieved. The analysis
procedures consist of calculating descriptive statistics
locally or preparing a SAS or BMDP program for sub-
mission to a remote site.
Keywords: Data processing terminals, Fortran, Infor-
mation retrieval, 'Data base management systems,
'Communications terminals, DATMAN system, Users
manuals(Computer programs).
PB84-148972/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.- Cincinnati,
OH.
Genetic Engineering and the Development of New
Pollution Control Technologies. Final rept.,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Inst, for Environ-
mental Studies.
J. B. Johnston, and S. G. Robinson. Jan 84,143p EPA-
600/2-84-037
Grant EPA-R-806819
This report relates genetic engineering and biological
waste treatment, so that opportunities for its improve-
ment can be identified and evaluated. It describes the
state of development of gene manipulation and natural
limits to biodegradation as of early 1983. It identifies a
number of research topics that are likely to contribute
to new pollution treatment techniques. These include
the basic mechanisms underlying microbical co-me-
tabolism and oligotrophy; molecular genetics in fila-
mentous fungi, in strict anaerobes and in archaebac-
teria; directed evolution of enzymes and metabolic
pathways; and studies to advance understanding of
dehalogenations by microbes.
Keywords: "Genetics, "Water pollution control, 'Haz-
ardous materials, "Soils, 'Sediments, "Air pollution
control, 'Solid waste disposal, Biochemistry, Earth
fills, Leaching, Environmental surveys, Microorga-
nisms, Pesticides, Metabolism, Enzymes, Biodeterior-
ation, 'Biological industrial waste treatment, 'Oil spills.
PB84-148980/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH. Industrial Pollution Control Div.
Organic Dyes and Pigments Data Base,
SRI International, MenTo Park, CA.
L. Swett, A. Twhigg, and K. E. McCaleb. Jan 84, 52p*
EPA-600/2-84-032
Contract EPA-68-03-2944
The objective of this research program was to compile
a data base covering all the commercially significant
dyes and pigments produced or imported in the United
States. The Organic Dyes and Pigments Data Base
(ODPDB) contains the following data elements: chemi-
cal-related data (consisting of synonyms, identifiers,
and descriptions of manufacturing processes, end
uses, and manufacturing wastewater emissions); toxic-
ity data (comprised of NIOSH registry numbers, thresh-
old limit values and various standard test data); eco-
nomic data on production and sales; and producer-re-
lated data (made up of company and plant site identifi-
ers, their locations, and the associated river basins).
Data were compiled on 1434 commercial products
from a variety of sources, including on-line information
retrieval systems, government statistical and research
publications, standard industry handbooks, and in-
house technical expertise. Correlation of data is ac-
complished by means of a System 2000 data base
management system, which permits retrieval on the
basis of various 'key' data elements.
Keywords: "Dyes, 'Pigments, "Organic compounds,
Information systems, Chemical properties, Toxicity,
Economic analysis, Manufacturing, Organic dyes and
pigments data base. Data bases. Threshold limit
values.
PB84-149137/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Rubber-Processing Chemicals Data Base,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
A. Twhigg, E. Helmes, D. Kashiwase, S. Rovito, and K.
E. McCaleb. Jan 84,40p EPA-600/2-84-030
Contract EPA-68-03-2934
The objective of this research program was to compile
a data base covering all the commercially significant
organic rubber-processing chemicals produced or im-
ported in the United States. The Rubber-Processing
Chemicals Data Base contains the following elements:
chemical information (identification numbers, chemical
names, synonyms, and identifiers); economic informa-
tion (production, sales, and unit cost); use information;
product process information; and chemical producer
information (company and plant site identifiers, their
locations, and the associated river basins and Air
Quality Control Regions). Data were compiled on 327
commercial products from a variety of sources, includ-
ing on-line information retrieval systems, government
statistical and research publications, standard industry
handbooks, and in-house technical expertise. Correla-
tion of data is accomplished by means of a System
2000 data base management system, which permits
retrieval on the basis of various 'key' data elements.
Keywords: 'Rubber industry, "Chemical compounds,
'Information	systems,	Manufacturing^
Synthesis(Chemistry), Economic analysis, Chemical
properties, Sites, Chemical industry, Environmental
surveys, Air quality.
PB84-149145/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Radiation Data Report 34, April-
June 1983.
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
Sep 83,61 p EPA-520/5-83-028
See also PB84-104785.
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is compiled and
distributed quarterly by the Office of Radiation Pro-
grams. Data from the Environmental Radiation Ambi-
ent Monitoring System (ERAMS), and similar networks
operated by contributing States, Canada, Mexico, and
the Pan American Health Organization are reported in
(ERD) when available. The ERAMS is comprised of na-
tionwide sampling stations that provide air, surface,
and drinking water and milk samples from which envi-
ronmental radiation levels are derived. The major em-
phasis for ERAMS is toward identifying trends in the
accumulation of long-lived radionuclides in the envi-
ronment.
Keywords: "Radioactivity, Radioactive contaminants.
Airborne wastes, Surface waters, Potable water, Milk,
Tritium, Carbon 14, Tables(Data), Fission products,
Radon, Krypton 85, Iodine 131, Strontium 90, Plutoni-
um 238, Plutonium 239, Uranium 235, "Radiation mon-
itoring, "Environmental monitoring, ERAMS system,
Strontium 89, Radium 226, Uranium 234, Uranium 238,
Environmental exposure pathways.
PB84-149152/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Acryionitrile.
Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
D. K. Basu, R. S. Hsu, M. W. Neal, J. Santodonato, and
R. H. Sugatt. Oct 83,343p* EPA-600/8-82-007F
See also PB83-129593.
Acute acryionitrile intoxication in humans, like many
volatile organic compounds, results in irritation of the
eyes and nose, weakness, labored breathing, dizzi-
ness, impaired judgement, cyanosis, nausea, and con-
vulsions. Unlike many of these other organics, acryio-
nitrile causes severe burns upon contact with the liquid
chemical. Some significant functional disorders of the
liver and kidney are observed under subchronic expo-
sure conditions; while chronic exposure results in signs
(unthrifty appearance, weight loss and early death)
that may be related to the low food and water con-
sumption resulting from the unpleasant taste of acryio-
nitrile in water. Pathological changes in rats believed to
be treatment related include hyperplasia and hyperker-
atosis of the squamous cells in the brain and mammary
gland hyperplasia in females. The present data base
from human and toxicologic studies provides enough
evidence such that the International Agency for Re-
search on Cancer (IARC) has characterized acryioni-
trile as an animal carcinogen and a likely human car-
cinogen. Unlike the animal bioassay data, the human
data base does not unequivocally demonstrate a
causal association.
Keywords: "Acrylonitriles, "Toxicology, Nitriles, Physi-
cal properties, Chemical properties, Sampling,
Sources, Residues, Transport, Distribution, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Humans, Laboratory ani-
mals, Air quality, Analytical methods, Biological ef-
fects, Toxic substances.
PB84-149160/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Source Receptor Methodology for Some Chlorin-
ated Hydrocarbons. Final rept.,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
F. L. Ludwig, E. M. Liston, and L. J. Salas. Jan 84,71 d
EPA-600/3-84-023
Contract EPA-68-02-3416
A source-receptor methodology is described that can
be used to estimate emission rates of halogenated hy-
drocarbons from a manufacturing plant when access
to the plant is not possible. An inert tracer is released
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
at a known rate from a vehicle traveling back and forth
on a road outside the plant area. Samples are collect-
ed downwind of the plant (at a distance of about 1 to 5
km) and analyzed for the tracer and the materials of in-
terest. The relationship between the emission rates of
the tracer and the measured concentrations has been
derived. The method is generally insensitive to meteor-
ological conditions, if applied at night or under over-
cast conditions during the day. It is suitable for estimat-
ing fugitive emissions from sources within 10 or 15 m
of ground level. It must be applied with discretion, if
interfering sources are present in the area. Once emis-
sion rates have been determined, conventional Gaus-
sian methods may be used to estimate expected maxi-
mum ground-level concentrations of the materials of
interest downwind of the source area. A suitable man-
ufacturing plant was selected (Vulcan Materials Com-
pany near Wichita, Kansas) and the method was ap-
plied to estimate emission rates for four different halo-
genated hydrocarbons. The feasibility of the methodol-
ogy was demonstrated and suggestions for improve-
ments were made.
Keywords: "Chlorine organic compounds, * Air pollu-
tion, Sites, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Meteorology, Halogen organic compounds,
Tables(Data),	Hydrocarbons,	Sources,
Concentration(Composition), Sampling, Chlorometh-
anes, Feasibility, * Air pollution sampling, Gaussian
plume models, Tracer techniques, Fugitive emissions,
Wichita(Kansas), Vulcan Materials Company, Ethyl-
ene/trichloro, Ethylene/perchloro.
PB84-149251/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
DATMAN FORTRAN User's Guide Version 3.0.
Technical rept.,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston.
L. J. Bass. 1984,102pEPA-600/D-84-033,, ERLN-
X95
Grant EPA-R-807031
DATMAN is a data management system which runs on
a variety of minicomputers. Currently, versions are
supported on the following computers: PRIME and
PDP 11 /70 under IAS. DATMAN has facilities for cre-
ating data bases, retrieving selected data from data in
data bases, retrieving selected data from data bases
and processing the retrieved data. Access through
DATMAN is either through a terminal interface with
which the user executes DATMAN directly or through a
FORTRAN interface within which the user calls FOR-
TRAN subroutines to access DATMAN data bases.
This manual is intended to describe the FORTRAN
user interface.
Keywords: 'Fortran, Information retrieval, Computer
programming, 'Data base management systems,
DATMAN system, User manuals(Computer programs),
Interfaces.
PB84-149269/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Development of Statistics and Limits (or DMR-QA
(Data Monitoring Report-Quality Assurance) Stud-
ies and Summary of Experience In DMR-QA Study
2,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
P. W. Britton. Jan 84, 21 p EPA-600/D-84-034
The self-monitoring data generated by permit holders
under the National Pollution Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) and periodically reported to the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) in a Data
Monitoring Report (DMR), are an important basis for
regulatory and enforcement decisions. In the interest
of better quality, USEPA's Office of Water Enforce-
ment (OWE) became interested in establishing a qual-
ity assurance (OA) program for DMR data.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Quality assurance, Statisti-
cal analysis, Licenses, Regulations, Standards, Water
pollution, Law enforcement, 'National pollution dis-
charge elimination system, NPDES system, Monitor-
ing.
PB84-149277/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Reference Materials for Water and Wastewater
Analyses In USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency),
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
J. A. Winter. Jan 84, 24p EPA-600/D-84-035
The Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory
at Cincinnati provides quality assurance support for
EPA's water-related programs in response to the
Clean Water Act, the Safe Drinking Water Act, the
Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act, the
Resources Conservation and Recovery Act, the Com-
prehensive Environmental Response Compensation
and Liability Act, and the Toxic Substances Control
Act. Two important segments of this support are: (1)
the Quality Control (QC) Sample Program which pro-
vides samples of known concentrations for use as in-
dependent Hazardous Materials which provides cali-
bration standards for trace organic analyses of interest
to the Agency. The samples and standards are pre-
pared as stable concentrated solutions in all-glass
ampuls. Each series contains one or more related
analyses, each with a true or reference value. These
are provided for dilution to volume and analyses as
needed by EPA, EPA contractor/grantees, and other
federal, state and local agencies.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Hazardous materials,
'Water pollution, Concentration(Composition), Sam-
pling, Chemical analysis, Calibrating, Standards, Trace
elements, National government, State government,
'Reference materials, 'Water pollution detection,
'Toxic substances, Monitoring.
PB64-149368/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Inspection and Operating and Maintenance Guide-
lines for Secondary Lead Smelter Air Pollution
Control. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
F. Hall, R. Hawks, and G. Saunders. Jan 84,127p
EPA-600/2-84-026
Contract EPA-68-03-2924
The prevention of emissions from secondary lead
smelters depends upon the procedures implemented
to achieve initial compliance and remain in a state of
continuing compliance with applicable emission limita-
tions. The ability to remain in continuing compliance
depends largely on operation and maintenance prac-
tices. This manual was developed as an inspection
manual incorporating operation and maintenance in-
formation for secondary lead smelting. It presents an
overview of secondary lead operations, describes typi-
cal emission problems associated with the material
preparation, smelting, refining and oxidation process-
es and reviews the potential causes of the problems
and possible corrective measures. It also describes
the types of air pollution control equipment used in
secondary lead smelting operations and typical O&M
problems experienced with this equipment. The
manual is heavily oriented towards an inspection ap-
proach emphasizing techniques to achieve improve-
ments in the status of continuing compliance through
operations and maintenance procedures. It has been
written for use both as an educational and reference
tool by state and local enforcement field inspectors
and entry-level engineers whose familiarity with sec-
ondary lead operations may be limited, and, as such,
can be useful both as a training manual and as a guide-
book during field inspections.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Guidelines, Inspec-
tion, Maintenance, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Air pollution control equipment, Training de-
vices, Ventilation systems, 'Lead smelters, 'Air pollu-
tion abatement.
PB84-149384/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Radiological Survey of Ingalls Shipbuilding Divi-
sion, Pascagoula, Mississippi, and Environs,
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
T. W. Fowler, S. T. Windham, R. S. Callis, and C. R.
Phillips. Sep 83, 78p EPA-520/5-83-022
This report presents results of the survey conducted
by EERF personnel to assess environmental radioac-
tivity remaining from operations of nuclear-powered
vessels at Ingalls Shipyard, Pascagoula, Mississippi.
Since Ingalls Shipyard will no longer build or service
nuclear powered ships and has completed the decom-
missioning of the nuclear support facilities, an addition-
al purpose of the survey was to determine if there is
any remaining radioactivity from previous operations
which could contribute to significant population expo-
sure.
Keywords: 'Radioactivity, Shipyards, Nuclear powered
ships, Decommissioning, "Radiation monitoring, "In-
galls Shipyard, Pascagoula(Mississippi), Radiation
doses.
PB84-149541/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Atrazine as the Active Ingre-
dient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
11 Nov 83, 94p EPA-540-RS-83-002
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Regulations, Mixtures, Stand-
ards, Hazards, Labels, Public health, Animals, Toxicol-
ogy, Tables(Data), Storage, Marking, "Aatrex, "Regis-
tration.
PB84-149632/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Characterization of Carbon Fiber Emissions from
Current and Projected Activities for the Manufac-
ture and Disposal of Carbon Fiber Products. Final
rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
J. A. Gieseke, R. B. Reif, and E. W. Schmidt. Jan 84,
59p EPA-600/3-84-021
Contract EPA-68-02-3230
Composite materials formed by impregnating a carbon
or graphite fiber mat with plastic binders are being
used increasingly in military, aerospace, sports and
automotive applications. Carbon fibers are formed pri-
marily from synthetic fibers carbonized in the absence
of oxygen. Possibilities exist for the release of these
fibers to ambient air during their formation, handling,
weaving or impregnation, or during the manufacturing
or incineration of composites. This study was con-
cerned with characterizing the rate and physical/
chemical properties of such emissions. Samples were
collected from manufacturing operations. Operations
considered included fiber winding, prepregging and
weaving, as well as composity cutting, grinding, drilling,
machining, sanding, and incineration. Release rates
(fiber mass released per unit of material processed)
ranged over several orders of magnitude with the larg-
est releases being associated with weaving and incin-
eration. Except for incineration where fiber diameters
were reduced somewhat by burning, the original fiber
diameters were maintained in the emitted material.
Fiber lengths varied over wide ranges from tens to
thousands of micrometers. Incineration experiments
suggested that mechanical agitation and air flow in the
incinerator would strongly affect releases. Electrical
characterization of the fibers demonstrated that fibers
will move and form chains in electrical fields.
Keywords: 'Carbon fibers, 'Air pollution, Composite
materials, Graphite, Manufacturing, Solid waste dis-
posal, Incinerators, Sampling, Physical properties,
Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Electric fields,
Chemical properties, Laboratory equipment, Rein-
forced plastics, Indoor air pollution.
PB84-149699/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Water Quality Management Program for Puget
Sound. Part 2. Proposed Approach and Technical
Support Effort.
James and Stokes Associates, Inc., Bellevue, WA.
Jan B4,154p EPA-910/9-83-106B
See also PB84-122266.
The Environmental Protection Agency and Washing-
ton Department of Ecology are developing a unified
water quality management program for Puget Sound.
This is the second of three reports addressing mange-
ment needs and strategies.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Water quality management, "Puget sound,
Monitoring, Nutrients, Bacteria, Viruses, Sedimenta-
tion, Spoil, Solid waste disposal, Metals, Temperature,
Oxygen, Salinity, Dissolved gases. Hydrocarbons,
Fuels, Toxicity, Shellfish, Pesticides, Runoff, Mathe-
matical models, Fishes, Plankton, Bioassay, "Path of
pollutants, Institutions, Priorities.
PB84-149707/HSU	PC A02/MF AOf
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Rockville, MD.
Summary of On-Scene-Coordinator Protocol for
Contaminated Underwater Operations. Conference
paper,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Edison, NJ.
R. P. Traver. Jan 84,19p EPA-600/D-84-040
Sponsored in part by National Oceanic and Atmos-
pheric Administration, Rockville, MD., Coast Guard,
Washington, DC., and Department of the Navy, Wash-
ington, DC.
The EPA, recognizing the need to assess, modify, and
evaluate procedures and equipment applicable to
working in contaminated underwater environments,
entered into an interagency agreement with NOAA. As
part of this work, an 'Interim Protocol on Underwater
Operations' was developed and is the subject of this
paper. The Protocol was based upon preliminary field
evaluations of diving equipment in controlled chemical
underwater environments. Following a peer review of
the document by the user community, the methods,
procedures, equipment, and training will be applied at
a number of sites or spills of opportunities. The result-
ing information will be utilized to prepare a 'Manual of
Practice (MOP) on Underwater Operations in Contami-
nated Waters.' The final MOP is scheduled for publica-
tion in December 1984.
Keywords: "Divers, "Underwater swimmers, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Contamination, Equipment, Hazards, Evaluation,
"Water pollution effects(Humans), Protocols.
PB84-149715/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Comparison of Nitro-Aromatic Content and
Direct-Acting Mutagenicity of Passenger Car
Engine Emissions,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
M. G. Nishioka, B. Petersen, and J. Lewtas. Jan 84,
17p EPA-600/D-84-044
This paper describes a study to identify and quantify 23
nitroaromatic compounds in the extracts of particulate
material from three light-duty passenger car diesel en-
gines and one gasoline engine. Mutagenic assay data
were also collected on these extracts using the Salmo-
nella typhimurium TA98 bioassay without S9 metabolic
activation. The results of these two studies were com-
pared to determine whether the concentration of the
nitro-aromatics detected can fully account for the
direct-acting mutagenic activity indicated by the bioas-
say data.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Mutagens, "Exhaust emis-
sions, "Nitro compounds, "Aromatic compounds, Bio-
assay, Particles, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis,
Comparison, Gasoline, Automobiles, Extraction, Light
duty vehicles.
PB64-149723/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparative Approach to Evaluating Relative
Cancer Risks from Energy Sources Using Short-
Term Genetic Bioassays,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. Lewtas. Jan 84,16p EPA-600/D-84-045
The evaluation of emissions from new energy sources
has stimulated the development of new comparative
approaches to health assessment studies. All energy
sources that result in incomplete combustion are
known to emit carcinogenic and mutagenic polynu-
clear aromatic compounds. Therefore, any toxicologi-
cal assessment requires a comparative analysis of the
new technology compared to the conventional tech-
nology. The authors have evaluated the mutagenicity
and carcinogenicity of emissions from various conven-
tional and alternative combustion sources and fuels in
comparative studies utilizing a battery of short-term
genetic bioassays in conjunction with animal cancer
studies.
Keywords: "Energy, Bioassays, Comparison, Genet-
ics, Malignant neoplasms, "Health risks, "Cancer.
PB84-149749/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Comparison of Microbial Transformation Rate Co-
efficients of Xenobiotic Chemicals between Field-
Collected and Laboratory Microcosm Microbiota,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
D. L. Lewis, R. B. Kellogg, and H. W. Holm. Jan 84,28p
EPA-600/D-84-049
Prepared in cooperation with Centers for Disease Con-
trol, Atlanta, GA.
Two second-order transformation rate coefficients-kb,
based on total plate counts, and kA, based on periphy-
ton-colonized surface areas-were used to compare
xenobiotic chemical transformation by laboratory-de-
veloped (microcosm) and by field-collected micro-
biota. Similarity of transformer community structure in
blended aufwuchs was indicated by kb values, and
similarity of transformation rates per unit of periphyton-
colonized surface area was indicated by kA values.
Xenobiotic chemicals used for the comparisons were
methyl marathion (MP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), and 2,
4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid butoxyethyl ester (2, 4-
DBE). Even though rate coefficients of each of the
chemicals were similar among microcosm- and field-
collected microbial samples, not all of the field collect-
ed samples showed MP or DEP transformation. MP
transformation was suppressed by aqueous extracts of
field-collected, algae-dominated aufwuchs and by low
concentrations of DEP. Lack of DEP transformation
appeared to have resulted from an absence of DEP-
transforming bacteria in field-collected aufwuchs sam-
ples.
Keywords: "Microorganisms, "Transformation rate,
"Toxicology, "Xenobiotics.
PB84-1497S6/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Revisions to Methods 4 and 5, Appendix A of 40
CFR Part 60: Summary of Comments and Re-
sponses.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Dec 83, 44p EPA-450/3-83-020
Document is summary of comments submitted as a
result of the September 7,1983, proposal of revisions
to Methods 4 and 5 to add quality assurance and qual-
ity control procedures. Included are the Agency's re-
sponses to the comments.
Keywords: "Quality assurance, "Quality control, "Air
pollution, Revisions, *EPA 4 method, "EPA 5 method,
Clean Air Act, Procedures.
PB84-150192/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Evaluation of Radon Sources and Phosphate Slag
In Butte, Montana,
Montana State Dept. of Health and Environmental Sci-
ences, Helena.
L. L. Lloyd, and M. F. O'Connell. Jun 83,87p EPA-520/
6-83-026
Contract EPA-68-01 -6100
In July, 1980, the Montana Department of Health and
Environmental Sciences (DHES) contracted with the
EPA to further investigate the potential sources of
radon in Butte. Under the agreement with EPA, surface
geological constitutes, air, water and natural gas sup-
plies, and building materials were investigated as po-
tential radon sources. Following the investigation of
potential radon sources in Butte, it was concluded that
ambient air, soils and surface geology all contribute to
Butte's radon problem. It is believed that homes con-
structed over major factures or mineralized veins are
the most severely impacted. Aplite and quartz monzo-
nite also contribute to the problem, but to a lesser
extent. Ambient air is probably a major source of
indoor radon in structures having low concentrations.
Keywords: "Radioactive contaminants, "Radiation
hazards, "Natural radioactivity, 'Construction materi-
als, "Slags, Sources, Geology, Measurement,
Concentration(Composition), Sites, Sampling, Mon-
tana, Industrial hygiene, "Butte(Montana), "Radon
222, "Indoor air pollution, "Radiation sources, Health
risks, Building materials, Phosphates, Air pollution
sampling, Occupational safety and health.
PB84-150499/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Proceedings of a Workshop for the Development
of a Scientific Protocol for Ocean Dump Site Des-
ignation, Held at Rhode Island University on Feb-
ruary 14-17,1983, Kingston,
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
R. Reed, and V. J. Bierman, Jr. Feb 83,131 p
Contract EPA-68-01 -6388
Also pub. as Applied Science Associates, Inc., Wake-
field, Rl. rept. no. ASA/RI-83-001.
The principal objective of the workshop was to devel-
op a concensus, state-of-the-art protocol of the acqui-
sition, organization, and interpretation of information
for the purpose of ocean dump site designations. The
principal criteria for the protocol were utility and scien-
tific credibility.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, "Ocean environments,
"Water pollution, "Meetings, Sites, Sludge disposal.
Industrial wastes, Data acquisition, Hazards, Environ-
mental impacts, Assessments, Policies, Evaluation,
Navigation, Aquatic animals, Military operations, Un-
derwater equipment, Benthos, "Ocean waste disposal,
Marine disposal.
PB84-150648/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Control of Ozone Disinfection by Exhaust Gas
Monitoring. Journal article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
A. D. Venosa, and M. C. Meckes. 1983,7p EPA-600/J-
83-146
In this paper it was demonstrated empirically that disin-
fection with ozone can be controlled by monitoring the
exhaust gas ozone concentration exiting the contac-
tor. This method is more reliable than measuring dis-
solved ozone because of the inherent difficulties and
inadequacies of the state-of-the-art dissolved residual
techniques. The advantages of measuring exhaust gas
ozone are summarized as follows: True ozone is being
measured, free of interferences, ozone demand of the
effluent and transfer efficiency of the contactor are
automatically accounted for in one measurement, the
method is easily automated, instruments are already
available on the market for measuring ozone in the gas
phase with accuracy, precision, and low level sensitivi-
ty and ozone is more stable in the gaseous phase than
in the liquid phase, and consequently the operator
does not have to concern himself with dissipation of
the ozone from the time it leaves the contactor to the
time it arrives at the analyzer.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Disinfectants, "Water pollution
control, "Industrial waste treatment, "Sewage treat-
ment, "Water treatment, "Contractors, Sampling,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, "Air pollution
sampling, "Gaseous wastes, Water pollution sampling,
Monitoring, Air water interactions.
PB84-151158/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Dosimetry Model for Hygroscopic Sulfate Aero-
sols in Selected Temperature and Relative Humid-
ity Patterns,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
T. B. Martonen, and F. J. Miller. Jan 84,18p EPA-600/
D-84-046
Contract EPA-68-02-4032
Sulfate aerosols (NH4HS04,(NH4)2S04 and H2S04)
are of international health effects concern because of
their global prevalence and potential irritant or toxic ef-
fects on human health. To assess hazards following in-
halation exposure, the total dose delivered to the
human respiratory tract and its regional distribution
must be determined. It is known that such information
can be expressed as a function of the mass median
aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of an inhaled aerosol.
Sulfate aerosols are hygroscopic and will have chang-
ing particle sizes and densities upon absorption of
H20 vapor in the humid environment of the human
respiratory tract. The authors have developed a new
mathematical description of inhaled particle behavior
suitable for dosimetry of the human nasopharyngeal
and oropharyngeal compartments, larynx, and tra-
cheo-bronchial (TB) airways. Results show that the hy-
groscopic characteristics of ambient sulfate aerosols
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
can greatly affect total dose deposited and the relative
distribution of particle mass among airways.
Keywords: "Sulfates, 'Aerosols, "Dosimetry, 'Mathe-
matical models, 'Public health, Particle size, Humidity,
Temperature, Toxicology, Sulfuric acid, Ammonium
sulfate, Hygroscopicity, Density(Mass/Volume), 'Air
pollution effects(Humans), Diammonium sulfate.
PB84-151208/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Chlorine, Chlorine Dioxide and Monoch-
loramine on Rotavirus (SA-11) Inactivation,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
D. Berman, and J. C. Hoff. Jan 84,17p EPA-600/D-84-
043
A purified preparation of the simian rotavirus SA-11
containing mostly single virion particles and a prepara-
tion of cell associated SA-11 virions were tested for
their resistance to inactivation by three disinfectants.
With chlorine, both virus preparations were inactivated
more rapidly at pH 6 than 10. With chlorine dioxide
both virus preparations were inactivated more rapidly
at pH 10 than 6. Monochloramine at pH B inactivated
both virus preparations but at a much slower rate than
chlorine or chlorine dioxide.
Keywords: 'Viruses, 'Disinfectants, 'Antibacterials,
Chlorine, Chlorine dioxide, 'Rotaviruses, Monochlora-
mine.
PB84-151216/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Sample Preservation: A Progress Report,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
H. D. Nash, and E. E. Geldreich. Jan 84,20p EPA-600/
D-84-041
The primary objective of this study is to evaluate chem-
ical preservatives which can be added to the sample
bottle before collection which will be effective in stabi-
lizing the coliform density for not less than 48 hours
using current methodology for detecting coliform orga-
nisms. This study evaluates the stability of control
samples stored at 22 C and 4 C which are compared to
each other and to the stability of test samples which
contained different preservatives and preservative
concentrations. Candidate preservations were chosen
based upon their reported stabilizing effect in foods,
bacteriological holding medium and as stabilizing
agents used to prepare quality control performance
samples.
Keywords: "Preservatives, 'Coliform bacteria, 'Bacte-
ria, Detection, Stability, Culture media, Stabilizing
agents.
PB84-151224/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research, Cincinnati, OH.
Improved Techniques for Residual Ozone,
Miami Univ., Oxford, OH.
G. Gordon, and J. F. Grunwell. Jan 84,90p* EPA-600/
2-84-036
Grant EPA-R-806302
Eight analytical methods for the determination of resid-
ual ozone in water are evaluated. Four are iodometric
methods based on the reduction of ozone by iodide
ion: the iodometric method, the amperometric method,
the arsenic (III) back titration method, and the N, N-
diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD) method. Four are
non-iodometric methods: the indigo method, the ar-
senic (III) direct oxidation method, the Delta electrode,
and the direct measurement of ultraviolet absorption at
259 nm. Two or more analytical methods are com-
pared by simultaneous measurement of the decay
curve of ozone in water. This kinetic technique allows a
direct comparison of methods under conditions of rap-
idly changing ozone concentration. The mechanism of
ozone decay is discussed. Four exploratory methods
based on new ozone-reductant reactions are dis-
cussed: the chlorite ion method, the iodate method,
the iron (II) terpyridine method, and the cerium
method. The failure of these potential new methods is
traced.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Water analysis, 'Water pollution,
Disinfectants, Chemical analysis, Ozonization,
Concentration(Composition), Oxidizers, Industrial
wastes, Sewage, Potable water, Oxidation reduction
reactions, Chemical reaction mechanisms, Iodometric
method.
PB84-151299/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
Ohio.
Cementing Reactions in the Hazardous Waste En-
vironment,
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS.
P. G. Malone. Jan 84,16p EPA-600/D-84-048
The use of chemical grout for bottom sealing waste
sites requires careful consideration of interfering reac-
tions from contaminated soil or ground water. The ce-
menting reactions in the acrylates and urethanes are
very specific. The presence of reducers, oxidizers and
complexors can make the grouting solution ineffective.
Sodium silicate grouts that form by gel formation from
a soil are not affected by oxidizing or reducing com-
pounds. They are however sensitive to pH and the
concentration of divalent and trivalent cations. The
major problem with silicate grouts is accelerated set-
ting which prevents the grout from penetrating the
zone being sealed. The variety of possible grout/
waste reactions is so broad that field testing with water
and soil (or sediment) samples from the zone to be
grouted is the most practical approach to selecting
grout formulations and designing the grout program.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Grout, 'Solid waste
disposal, 'Water pollution control, 'Ground water,
Sealing, Lining, Chemical reactions, pH, Sites, Oxida-
tion reduction reactions, Acrylates, Urethanes, Silicate
cements, Field tests, Soils, Sediments, Leaching.
PB84-151315/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Biodegradation In the Estuarlne-Marine Environ-
ments and the Genetically Altered Microbe,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
A. W. Bourquin. Jan 84,35p EPA-600/D-84-051
Historically, some organic and inorganic compounds
have been considered serious environmental threats
from the standpoint of quantity produced, bioaccumu-
lation, toxicity, or adverse environmental effects. This
paper documents selected examples of known intro-
ductions of toxic chemicals into marine and estuarine
environments and describes how habitat differences
affect biodegradation potential. Concerns regarding
release of genetically altered organisms into these en-
vironments also are discussed.
Keywords: 'Estuaries, 'Marine atmospheres, 'Chemi-
cal compounds, 'Biodeterioration, 'Fresh water,
"Water pollution, *Toxicity, Organic compounds, Inor-
ganic compounds, Pesticides, Ecology, Microorga-
nisms, 'Toxic substances, Path of pollutants.
PBB4-151349/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Removal of Organic Contaminants Final rept. 28
Mar 79-28 Jan 83,
Nebolsine Kohlmann Ruggiero Engineers, New York.
D. D. Ruggiero. Jan 84,339p EPA-600/2-84-029
Grant EPA-R-806355
See also PB81-115040.
This research program was performed with the overall
objectives of obtaining relevant design parameters
and capital and operating costs of both adsorption and
various aeration techniques for the removal of specific
organic contaminants from the City of Glen Cove's
drinking water supply. Major contaminants present
were trichlofoethylene, tetrachloroethylene, cis-1,2-
dichloroethylene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane. A pilot
plant was constructed and operated for three phases
by using water from one of the City's contaminated
wells as the influent to several treatment units. The
four year pilot plant testing program was completed
January 28, 1983. During this period the pilot plant
studies evaluated the removal of the contaminants by
adsorption using a synthetic resin (Ambersorb XE-340)
and several aeration methods including diffused aer-
ation, packed-column diffused aeration, induced-air
spray aeration, packed-column induced-air spray aer-
ation, and air-lift pumping. During the third phase, the
U.S. EPA delivered, installed and operated a packed-
column air-stripping system utilizing induced air.
Keywords: "Chlorine organic compounds, 'Potable
water, 'Water treatment, New York, Adsorption, Aer-
ation, Pumping, Strippers, Cost analysis, Performance
evaluation, Activated carbon treatment, 'Glen
Cove(New York), Ethyiene/trichloro, Ethylene/tetra-
chloro, Ethylene/dichloro, Ethane/trichloro, Amber-
sorb XE-340 resins, Ambersorbs, Granular activated
carbon treatment.
PB84-151414/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Evaluating the Quality of Water Treated by Red-
wood Slat Tower Aerators,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
C. A. Fronk-Leist, and O. T. Love, Jr. Jan 84,16p EPA-
600/D-84-050
Over a two year period, the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Drinking Water Research Division (EPA-
DWRD), and two New England water utilities evaluated
the water quality from redwood slat tower aerators.
Samples of aerator influent and aerator effluent were
analyzed for several volatile organic compounds,
some of which are being considered for possible regu-
latory action (1). The two principal organics in the
waters were trichloroethylene and cis-1,2-dichloroeth-
ylene; the sum of the concentrations ranged from 9 to
300 micrograms per liter micrograms/L). In addition,
fourteen inorganic compounds (seven of which have
maximum contaminant levels (2)) and three microbio-
logical parameters (standard plate count, total con-
forms, and Legionella) were routinely monitored. Pre-
cipitation of iron and the subsequent buildup of sludge
on the distribution plate inside the aerators at one site
decreased the efficiency for removing volatile organic
compounds. These experiences underscore the need
for routine attention and maintenance on any treat-
ment process.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Aerators, 'Water treat-
ment, Potable water, Chemical analysis. Performance
evaluation, Ground water, Inorganic compounds, Vola-
tile organic compounds, Ethyiene/trichloro, Ethylene/
dichloro.
PB84-151448/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
S02 Emissions in Natural Gas Production Indus-
try: Background Information for Proposed Stand-
ards. Draft environmental impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Nov 83,438p EPA-450/3-82-023A
Standards of performance for the control of S02 emis-
sions from natural gas sweetening operations are
being proposed under Section III of the Clean Air Act.
This document contains background information and
environmental and economic impact assessments of
the regulatory alternatives considered in developing
the proposed standards.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Natural gas, *Gas indus-
try, 'Standards, 'Environmental impact statements-
draft, 'Air pollution control, Regulations, Substitutes,
Economic impact, Revisions, Cost analysis, 'Stand-
ards of performance.
PB84-151455/HSU	PC A12
Draft Environmental Impact Statement, North Jef-
ferson County, Kentucky Wastewater Facilities.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Dec 83,266p EPA-904/9-83-115-KY
This Draft Environmental Impact Statement addresses
proposed wastewater facilities for northern Jefferson
County, Kentucky. The Draft EIS preferred alternative
proposes a limited regional wastewater management
system that will relieve existing septic tanks and pack-
age plants in most of the study area. At the option of
local authorities, this system could be expanded to
serve future growth, but such expansion would not be
eligible for federal funding under current laws.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
impact statements • draft, Sewers, Population growth,
Septic tanks, Failure, Environmental impacts, Land
use, Air pollution, Maps, Odors, Operating^costs, Con-
struction, Ground water, Water pollution, Recreational
facilities, Archaeology, Kentucky, Jefferson
County(Kentucky), Sewage treatment plants, Alterna-
tive planning, Interceptor sewers.
PB84-151497/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Technical Assistance Program Report: Consider-
ation of the Resource Recovery Option in Colora-
do. Final rept.
Hart (Fred C.) Associates, Inc., Denver, CO.
May 82, 157p EPA-908/6-82-006
Contract EPA-68-01-4992
This report surveys the current Solid Waste Manage-
ment in the State of Colorado. A comparison of landfill
disposal with Resource Recovery in terms of costs and
other factors are made. Roles and implications of
State and local governments in the field of Resource
Recovery are defined.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, Earth fill, Cost analy-
sis, Colorado, Surveys, Comparison, State govern-
ment, Recirculation, Comparison, "Solid waste man-
agement, 'Waste utilization, Waste recycling.
PB84-151984/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Comprehensive Assessment of the Specific Com-
pounds Present In Combustion Processes.
Volume 3. National Survey of Organic Emissions
from Coal Fired Utility Boiler Plants. Final rept.,
task 52,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
C. L. Haile, J. S. Stanley, T. Walker, G. R. Cobb, and B.
A, Boomer. Sep 83,236p EPA-560/5-83-006
Contract EPA-68-01-5915
See also PB84-140870.
This study was conducted as a part of a nationwide
survey to determine organic emissions from major sta-
tionary combustion sources. The principal compounds
of interest are polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs) and chlorinated aromatic compounds, includ-
ing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated
dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated di-
benzofurans (PCDFs). This report describes the meth-
ods and results of sampling and analysis activities at
the seven plants constituting the nationwide survey of
coal fired utility boiler plants.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Organic compounds, Com-
bustion products, Industrial wastes, Sources, Aromatic
polycyclic hydrocarbons, Assessments, Surveys, Gas
analysis, Sampling, Field tests, Quality assurance,
"Coal fired power plants, "Stationary sources, "Air pol-
lution detection, "Air pollution sampling, Polychlorinat-
ed biphenyls, Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, Poly-
chlorinated diberzofurans.
PB84-152073/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Inorganic Arsenic Emissions from Glass Manufac-
turing Plants: Background Information for Pro-
posed Standards. Draft rept. (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Apr 83,190p EPA-450/3-83-011A
A national emission standard for glass manufacturing
plants is being proposed under authority of Section
112 of the Clean Air Act. The purpose of the proposed
standard is to minimize glass manufacturing furnace
arsenic emissions to the level which, in the judgment
of the Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, provides an ample margin of safety to
protect the public health. The standard will have the
effect of reducing uncontrolled emissions of arsenic
from these furnaces by about 90 percent. Environmen-
tal impact and economic impact statements quantify-
ing the impacts of the proposed standard and alterna-
tive control options are included in the document.
Keywords: "Glass industry, "Arsenic inorganic com-
pounds, "Standards, *Air "pollution control, Manufac-
turing, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Haz-
ardous materials, Electrostatic precipitators, Scrub-
bers, Economic impact, Revisions, Air pollution control
equipment, Environmental impacts, Cost analysis, "Air
pollution standards, "Air quality, Fabric filters.
PB84-152339/HSU	PC E99
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Industrial Waste Heat Recovery and the Potential
for Emissions Reduction.
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
VA.
Feb 84, 5190p-in 10v
Set includes PB84-152347 through PB84-152438.
No abstract available.
PB84-152347/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Industrial Waste Heat Recovery and the Potential
for Emissions Reduction. Volume 1. Main Report.
Final rept. 25 Oct 77-28 Mar 79.
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
VA.
Feb 84, 270p EPA-600/7-84-020A
Contract EPA-68-03-2622
See also PB84-152354.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E99, PB84-
152339.
This report examines the applicability of conservation
equipment to various industrial sectors, determines the
net costs involved, and assesses the potential for con-
servation as a means of air pollution control. Predic-
tions of the amount of waste heat available from U.S.
industrial sources were made and a waste heat inven-
tory was established. The inventory is segmented by
industrial group, industry, process, and flue gas tem-
perature. The waste heat recovery equipment analysis
determined the costs and applications of a variety of
waste heat recovery equipment. The analysis exam-
ined five major equipment types and their limitations.
Cost functions were developed which used furnace
flue gas flow rate and temperature, and air preheat
temperature as inputs. A discussion of the major fac-
tors to be considered for the development of heat re-
covery equipment also is included. A discussion on the
availability and development of high temperature burn-
ers and the effects of high preheat temperature on an-
cillary equipment is included. High preheat tempera-
tures result in higher flame temperatures and corre-
spondingly higher NOx emissions. This issue also has
been addressed in this report. Volume 1 describes
study methodology and findings. Volumes 2 through
10 tabulate stack gas waste heat inventories for all the
industrial processes studied.
Keywords: "Heat recovery, "Air pollution control, "In-
dustrial wastes, "Energy conservation, Combustion
products. Inventories, Cost analysis, Methodology,
Flue gases, Temperature, Nitrogen oxides, Assess-
ments, Equipment.
PB84-152354/HSU	PC A22/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Industrial Waste Heat Recovery and the Potential
for Emissions Reduction. Volume 2. Standard
Classification Codes 1-01-001-01 to 1-02-007-03.
Final rept. 25 Oct 77-28 Mar 79.
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
VA.
Feb 84, 524p EPA-600/7-84-020B
Contract EPA-68-03-2622
See also PB84-152362.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E99, PB84-
152339.
This report examines the applicability of conservation
equipment to various industrial sectors, determines the
net costs involved, and assesses the potential for con-
servation as a means of air pollution control. Predic-
tions of the amount of waste heat available from U.S.
industrial sources were made and a waste heat inven-
tory was established. The inventory is segmented by
industrial group, industry, process, and flue gas tem-
perature. The waste heat recovery equipment analysis
determined the costs and applications of a variety of
waste heat recovery equipment. The analysis exam-
ined five major equipment types and their limitations.
Cost functions were developed which used furnace
flue gas flow rate and temperature, and air preheat
temperature as inputs. A discussion of the major fac-
tors to be considered for the development of heat re-
covery equipment also is included. A discussion on the
availability and development of high temperature burn-
ers and the effects of high preheat temperature on an-
cillary equipment is included. High preheat tempera-
tures result in higher flame temperatures and corre-
spondingly higher NOx emissions. This issue also has
been addressed in this report. Volume 1 describes
study methodology and findings. Volumes 2 through
10 tabulate stack gas waste heat inventories for all the
industrial processes studied.
Keywords: "Heat recovery, "Air pollution control, "In-
dustrial wastes, "Energy conservation, Combustion
products, Inventories, Cost analysis, Tables(Data),
Flue gases, Temperature, Nitrogen oxides, Assess-
ments, Equipment.
PB84-152362/HSU	PC A23/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati
OH.
Industrial Waste Heat Recovery and the Potential
for Emissions Reduction. Volume 3. Standard
Classification Codes 1-02-007-04 to 2-03-999-98.
Final rept. 25 Oct 77-28 Mar 79.
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlinqton
VA.
Feb 84, 544p EPA-600/7-84-020C
Contract EPA-68-03-2622
See also PB84-152370.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E99, PB84-
152339.
This report examines the applicability of conservation
equipment to various industrial sectors, determines the
net costs involved, and assesses the potential for con-
servation as a means of air pollution control. Predic-
tions of the amount of waste heat available from U. S.
industrial sources were made and a waste heat inven-
tory was established. The inventory is segmented by
industrial group, industry, process, and flue gas tem-
perature. The waste heat recovery equipment analysis
determined the costs and applications of a variety of
waste heat recovery equipment. The analysis exam-
ined five major equipment types and their limitations.
Cost functions were developed which used furnace
flue gas flow rate and temperature, and air preheat
temperature as inputs. A discussion of the major fac-
tors to be considered for the development of heat re-
covery equipment also is included. A discussion on the
availability and development of high temperature burn-
ers and the effects of high preheat temperature on an-
cillary equipment is included. High preheat tempera-
tures result in higher flame temperatures and corre-
spondingly higher NOx emissions. This issue also has
been addressed in this report. Volume 1 describes
study methodology and findings. Volumes 2 through
10 tabulate stack gas waste heat inventories for all the
industrial processes studied.
Keywords: "Heat recovery, "Air pollution control, "In-
dustrial wastes, "Energy conservation, Combustion
products, Inventories, Cost analysis. Tables(Data),
Flue gases, Temperature, Nitrogen oxides, Assess-
ments, Equipment.
PB84-152370/HSU	PC A23/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati
OH.
Industrial Waste Heat Recovery and the Potential
for Emissions Reduction. Volume 4. Standard
Classification Codes 2-04-001-01 to 3-01-025-05.
Final rept. 25 Oct 77-28 Mar 79.
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington
VA.
Feb 84, 548p EPA-600/7-84-020D
Contract EPA-68-03-2622
See also PB84-152388.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E99, PB84-
152339.
This report examines the applicability of conservation
equipment to various industrial sectors, determines the
net costs involved, and assesses the potential for con-
servation as a means of air pollution control. Predic-
tions of the amount of waste heat available from U.S.
industrial sources were made and a waste heat inven-
tory was established. The inventory is segmented by
industrial group, industry, process, and flue gas tem-
perature. The waste heat recovery equipment analysis
determined the costs and applications of a variety of
waste heat recovery equipment. The analysis exam-
ined five major equipment types and their limitations
Cost functions were developed which used furnace
flue gas flow rate and temperature, and air preheat
temperature as inputs. A discussion of the major fac-
tors to be considered for the development of heat re-
covery equipment also is included. A discussion on the
availability and development of high temperature burn-
ers and the effects of high preheat temperature on an-
cillary equipment is included. High preheat tempera-
tures result in higher flame temperatures and corre-
spondingly higher NOx emissions. This issue also has
been addressed in this report. Volume 1 describes
study methodology and findings. Volumes 2 through
10 tabulate stack gas waste heat inventories for all the
industrial processes studied.
Keywords: "Heat recovery, "Air pollution control, "In-
dustrial wastes, "Energy conservation. Combustion
products, Inventories, Cost analysis, Tables(Data)
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Flue gases. Temperature, Nitrogen oxides, Assess-
ments, Equipment.
PB84-152388/HSU	PC A23/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Industrial Waste Heat Recovery and the Potential
for Emissions Reduction. Volume 5. Standard
Classification Codes 3-01-025-10 to 3-02-013-01.
Final rept. 25 Oct 77-28 Mar 79.
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
VA.
Feb 84, 528p EPA-600/7-84-020E
Contract EPA-68-03-2622
See also PB84-152396.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E99, PB84-
152339.
This report examines the applicability of conservation
equipment to various industrial sectors, determines the
net costs involved, and assesses the potential for con-
servation as a means of air pollution control. Predic-
tions of the amount of waste heat available from U.S.
industrial sources were made and a waste heat inven-
tory was established. The inventory is segmented by
industrial group, industry, process, and flue gas tem-
perature. The waste heat recovery equipment analysis
determined the costs and applications of a variety of
waste heat recovery equipment. The analysis exam-
ined five major equipment types and their limitations.
Cost functions were developed which used furnace
flue gas flow rate and temperature, and air preheat
temperature as inputs. A discussion of the major fac-
tors to be considered for the development of heat re-
covery equipment also is included. A discussion on the
availability and development of high temperature burn-
ers and the effects of high preheat temperature on an-
cillary equipment is included. High preheat tempera-
tures result in higher flame temperatures and corre-
spondingly higher NOx emissions. This issue also has
been addressed in this report. Volume 1 describes
study methodology and findings. Volumes 2 through
10 tabulate stack gas waste heat inventories for all the
industrial processes studied.
Keywords: "Heat recovery, "Air pollution control, "In-
dustrial wastes, "Energy conservation, Combustion
products, Inventories, Cost analysis, Tables(Data),
Flue gases, Temperature, Nitrogen oxides, Assess-
ments, Equipment.
PBS4-152396/HSU	PC A24/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Industrial Waste Heat Recovery and the Potential
for Emissions Reduction. Volume 6. Standard
Classification Codes 3-02-014-01 to 3-04-002-03.
Final rept. 25 Oct 77-28 Mar 79.
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
VA.
Feb 84, 552p EPA-600/7-84-020F
Contract EPA-68-03-2622
See also PB84-152404.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E99, PB84-
152339.
This report examines the applicability of conservation
equipment to various industrial sectors, determines the
net costs involved, and assesses the potential for con-
servation as a means of air pollution control. Predic-
tions of the amount of waste heat available from U.S.
industrial sources were made and a waste heat inven-
tory was established. The inventory is segmented by
industrial group, industry, process, and flue gas tem-
perature. The waste heat recovery equipment analysis
determined the costs and applications of a variety of
waste heat recovery equipment. The analysis exam-
ined five major equipment types and their limitations.
Cost functions were developed which used furnace
flue gas flow rate and temperature, and air preheat
temperature as inputs. A discussion of the major fac-
tors to be considered for the development of heat re-
covery equipment also is included. A discussion on the
availability and development of high temperature burn-
ers and the effects of high preheat temperature on an-
cillary equipment is included. High preheat tempera-
tures result in higher flame temperatures and corre-
spondingly higher NOx emissions. This issue also has
been addressed in this report. Volume 1 describes
study methodology and findings. Volumes 2 through
10 tabulate stack gas waste heat inventories for all the
industrial processes studied.
Keywords: "Heat recovery, "Air pollution control, "In-
dustrial wastes, "Energy conservation, Combustion
products, Inventories, Cost analysis, Tables(Data),
Flue gases, Temperature, Nitrogen oxides, Assess-
ments, Equipment.
PB84-1S2404/HSU	PC A24/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Industrial Waste Heat Recovery and the Potential
for Emissions Reduction. Volume 7. Standard
Classification Codes 3-04-002-04 to 3-05-010-03.
Final rept. 25 Oct 77-28 Mar 79.
Energy and Environmental Analysis, inc., Arlington,
VA.
Feb 84, 572p EPA-600/7-84-020G
Contract EPA-68-03-2622
See also PB84-152412.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E99, PB84-
152339.
This report examines the applicability ol conservation
equipment to various industrial sectors, determines the
net costs involved, and assesses the potential for con-
servation as a means of air pollution control. Predic-
tions of the amount of waste heat available from U.S.
industrial sources were made and a waste heat inven-
tory was established. The inventory is segmented by
industrial group, industry, process, and flue gas tem-
perature. The waste heat recovery equipment analysis
determined the costs and applications of a variety of
waste heat recovery equipment. The analysis exam-
ined five major equipment types and their limitations.
Cost functions were developed which used furnace
flue gas flow rate and temperature, and air preheat
temperature as inputs. A discussion of the major fac-
tors to be considered for the development of heat re-
covery equipment also is included. A discussion on the
availability and development of high temperature burn-
ers and the effects of high preheat temperature on an-
cillary equipment is included. High preheat tempera-
tures result in higher flame temperatures and corre-
spondingly higher NOx emissions. This issue also has
been addressed in this report. Volume 1 describes
study methodology and findings. Volumes 2 through
10 tabulate stack gas waste heat inventories for all the
industrial processes studied.
Keywords: "Heat recovery, "Air pollution control, "In-
dustrial wastes, "Energy conservation, Combustion
products, Inventories, Cost analysis, Tables(Data),
Flue gases, Temperature, Nitrogen oxides, Assess-
ments, Equipment.
PB84-152412/HSU	PC A25/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Industrial Waste Heat Recovery and the Potential
for Emissions Reduction. Volume 8. Standard
Classification Codes 3-05-010-99 to 3-06-010-01.
Final rept. 25 Oct 77-28 Mar 79.
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
VA.
Feb 84,589p EPA-600/7-84-020H
Contract EPA-68-03-2622
See also PB84-152420.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E99, PB84-
152339.
This report examines the applicability of conservation
equipment to various industrial sectors, determines the
net costs involved, and assesses the potential for con-
servation as a means of air pollution control. Predic-
tions of the amount of waste heat available from U.S.
industrial sources were made and a waste heat inven-
tory was established. The inventory is segmented by
industrial group, industry, process, and flue gas tem-
perature. The waste heat recovery equipment analysis
determined the costs and applications of a variety of
waste heat recovery equipment. The analysis exam-
ined five major equipment types and their limitations.
Cost functions were developed which used furnace
flue gas flow rate and temperature, and air preheat
temperature as inputs. A discussion of the major fac-
tors to be considered for the development of heat re-
covery equipment also is included. A discussion on the
availability and development of high temperature burn-
ers and the effects of high preheat temperature on an-
cillary equipment is included. High preheat tempera-
tures result in higher flame temperatures and corre-
spondingly higher NOx emissions. This issue also has
been addressed in this report. Volume 1 describes
study methodology and findings. Volumes 2 through
10 tabulate stack gas waste heat inventories for all the
industrial processes studied.
Keywords: "Heat recovery, "Air pollution control, "In-
dustrial wastes, "Energy conservation, Combustion
products, Inventories, Cost analysis, Tables(Data),
Flue gases. Temperature, Nitrogen oxides, Assess-
ments, Equipment.
PB84-152420/HSU	PC A23/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Industrial Waste Heat Recovery and the Potential
for Emissions Reduction. Volume 9. Standard
Classification Codes 3-06-011-01 to 3-90-005-33.
Final rept. 25 Oct 77-28 Mar 79.
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
VA.
Feb 84,546p EPA-600/7-84-020I
Contract EPA-68-03-2622
See also PB84-152438.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E99, PB84-
152339.
This report examines the applicability of conservation
equipment to various industrial sectors, determines the
net costs involved, and assesses the potential for con-
servation as a means of air pollution control. Predic-
tions of the amount of waste heat available from U.S.
industrial sources were made and a waste heat inven-
tory was established. The inventory is segmented by
industrial group, industry, process, and flue gas tem-
perature. The waste heat recovery equipment analysis
determined the costs and applications of a variety of
waste heat recovery equipment. The analysis exam-
ined five major equipment types and their limitations.
Cost functions were developed which used furnace
flue gas flow rate and temperature, and air preheat
temperature as inputs. A discussion of the major fac-
tors to be considered for the development of heat re-
covery equipment also is included. A discussion on the
availability and development of high temperature burn-
ers and the effects of high preheat temperature on an-
cillary equipment is included. High preheat tempera-
tures result in higher flame temperatures and corre-
spondingly higher NOx emissions. This issue also has
been addressed in this report. Volume 1 describes
study methodology and findings. Volumes 2 through
10 tabulate stack gas waste heat inventories for all the
industrial processes studied.
Keywords: "Heat recovery, "Air pollution control, "In-
dustrial wastes, "Energy conservation, Combustion
products, Inventories, Cost analysis, Tables(Data),
Flue gases, Temperature, Nitrogen oxides, Assess-
ments, Equipment.
PB84-152438/HSU	PC A22/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Industrial Waste Heat Recovery and the Potential
for Emissions Reduction. Volume 10. Standard
Classification Codes 3-90-005-99 to 3-90-008-99.
Final rept. 25 Oct 77-28 Mar 79.
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
VA.
Feb 84,517p EPA-600/7-84-020J
Contract EPA-68-03-2622
See also PB84-152420.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E99, PB84-
152339.
This report examines the applicability of conservation
equipment to various industrial sectors, determines the
net costs involved, and assesses the potential for con-
servation as an means of air pollution control. Predic-
tions of the amount of waste heat available from U.S.
industrial sources were made and a waste heat inven-
tory was established. The inventory is segmented by
industrial group, industry, process, and flue gas tem-
perature. The waste heat recovery equipment analysis
determined the costs and applications of a variety of
waste heat recovery equipment. The analysis exam-
ined five major equipment types and their limitations.
Cost functions were developed which used furnace
flue gas flow rate and temperature, and air preheat
temperature as inputs. A discussion of the major fac-
tors to be considered for the development of heat re-
covery equipment also is included. A discussion on the
availability and development of high temperature burn-
ers and the effects of high preheat temperature on an-
cillary equipment is included. High preheat tempera-
tures result In higher flame temperatures and corre-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
spondingly higher NOx emissions. This issue also has
been addressed in this report. Volume 1 describes
study methodology and findings. Volume 2 through 10
tabulate stack gas waste heat inventories for all the in-
dustrial process studied.
Keywords: *Heat recovery, "Air pollution control, 'In-
dustrial wastes, "Energy conservation, Combustion
products, Inventories, Cost analysis, Tables(Data),
Flue gases, Temperature, Nitrogen oxides. Assess-
ments, Equipment.
PB84-152768/HSU	PC A23/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Exploratory Research.
Ground Water Management In the Southeastern
United States. Final rept.,
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Science and Public Policy
Program.
M. D. Devine, S. C. Ballard, B. G. Achilladelis, L. M.
Butler, and L. W. Canter. Sep 83, 533p EPA-600/2-83-
090
Grant EPA-R-809273
This study characterizes current and potential ground-
water resource problems in North and South Carolina,
Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee,
and Kentucky. It discusses those issues that could
constrain development or adversely affect environ-
mental quality or human health in the eight-state area.
It contains case studies illustrating how several state
and local governments are dealing with ground-water
problems and assesses the applicability of these expe-
riences to other areas. It addresses ground-water qual-
ity in relation to hazardous waste disposal, nonpoint
source pollution, monitoring strategies and deficien-
cies, and drinking water quality.
Keywords; 'Ground water, 'Water pollution, Assess-
ments, Hazardous materials, Solid waste disposal.
Monitoring, Land use, Constraints,
Law(Jurisprudence), Earth fills, Salt water intrusion,
Water consumption, Sewers, Leakage, Septic tanks,
State government, Local government, Economic fac-
tors, Southeastern Begion(United States), Case stud-
ies, Nonpoint sources.
PB84-152800/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Totally Optical Technique for Monitoring Ambient
Non-Methane Hydrocarbons,
AeroChem Research Labs., Inc., Princeton, NJ.
D. M. Manos, H. N. Volltrauer, D. E. Burch, J. S. Chudy,
and J. Allen. Feb 84,79p AEROCHEM-TP-423, EPA-
600/3-84-030
Contract EPA-68-02-3292
Also pub. as Ford Aerospace and Communications
Corp., Newport Beach, CA. Aeronutronic Div. rept. no.
U-6743.
A method for measuring ambient levels of nonmeth-
ane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) has been developed and
an instrument based on that method has been built.
The instrument consists of a sample conditioner and
an optical C02-CO monitor. In the sample conditioner
ambient air is scrubbed of C02 and H20 and any
NMHCs and CO present are catalytically oxidized to
C02. The C02-C0 monitor measures both the original
CO present in the air as well as the C02 resulting from
conversion of NMHCs and the CO. The C02 channel
of the C02-CO monitor measures the concentration of
the C02 produced, which is directly related to the con-
centration of NMHC.
Keywords: 'Optical measurement, 'Optical measuring
instruments, 'Monitors, 'Air pollution, Oxidizers,
Carbon dioxide, Concentration(Composition), Perform-
ance evaluation, Feasibility, Design criteria, Gas de-
tectors, 'Non-methane hydrocarbons, "Air pollution
detection, Monitoring.
PB84-152826/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab - Cincinnati,
OH.
Waste Management Control Handbook for Dairy
Food Plants. Final rept.,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
W J Harper, R. E. Carawan, and M. F. Parkin. Feb 84,
244p* EPA-600/2-84-043
Grant EPA-R-803374
76 Vol. 90, No. 24
Prepared in cooperation with Ohio State Univ., Colum-
bus., and New Zealand Dairy Research Inst., Palmer-
ston North (New Zealand).
Waste control is resource management control in dairy
food plant operations. Appreciable reductions can be
achieved in product, water, energy, labor, packaging
losses and sewer surcharges. A good program in
waste control can increase the profit margin by more
than 10%, as well as being a program that helps im-
prove the environment in wnich we live. Another result
of the operation of an effective waste program is to in-
crease the overall efficiency of a dairy food plant.
Waste control should be recognized as being equal in
significance to quality control and justifies the assign-
ment of one or more individuals to the waste control
program with resulting economic gain to the dairy food
plant. This Handbook is predicated on the viewpoint
that an effective control program requires the full at-
tention of a responsible person reporting directly to the
plant manager. Details are presented in this manual on
the implementation of this strategy.
Keywords: 'Food industry, 'Dairy products, 'Waste
water reuse, "Water pollution control, Water conserva-
tion, Handbooks, Industrial wastes, Losses, Regula-
tions, Sewers, Ordinances, Economic factors, Man-
agement, Cost effectiveness, Licenses, Education,
Maintenance, Equipment, Sampling, Chemical analy-
sis, Biochemical oxygen demand, Energy conserva-
tion.
PB84-152842/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Strip Mine Reclamation with Municipal Sludge.
Final rept. 1 Jul 80-30 Mar 83,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park.
W. E. Sopper, and E. M. Seaker. Jan 84,184p EPA-
600/2-84-035
Grant EPA-R-807408
Stabilized municipal sludge was used on three 4-ha
demonstration plots of acidic stripmined land. Liquid
digested, dewatered, and sludges were used at vari-
able rates to supply and maintain nutrients for vegetat-
ing the plots with a grass-legume mixture. All rates re-
sulted in a lush growth that covered the spoil and per-
sisted for 5 years. No deterioration in vegetative yield
or quality was observed or measured. Although trace
metal concentration in vegetation increased there was
no phytotoxicity discerned. Brief, temporary N03N in-
creases in soil water resulted from higher applications,
but in general the sludge applications had no signifi-
cant adverse effect on groundwater quality.
Keywords: "Surface mining, "Sludge disposal, "Land
reclamation, Monitoring, Sludge, Vegetation, Plant
growth, Metals, Concentration(Composition), Nitro-
gen, Inorganic nitrates, Soil properties, Ground water.
Surface waters, Toxicity, Environmental impacts,
Pennsylvania, "Land application, Revegetation.
PB84-152859/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Assessment of Natural Volatile Organic Sub-
stances and Their Effect on Air Quality in the
United States. Environmental research brief,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
A. P. Altshuller. Jul 83,6p EPA-600/D-83-047
This research brief Is a summary of the extensive
review and critical analysis of the literature on natural
volatile organic substances, sometimes referred to as
biogenic hydrocarbons, and an assessment of that
body of scientific information. The review is reported
separately (Natural Volatile Organic Substances and
Their Effect on Air Quality, submitted to Atmospheric
Environment). The conclusion reached in this assess-
ment is that there is a lack of evidence that natural hy-
drocarbons contribute substantially to the formation of
ambient air concentrations of ozone.
Keywords: "Air pollution, Assessments, United States,
Hydrocarbons, Ozone, Concentration(Composition),
"Volatile organic compounds, *Air quality, Natural
emissions.
PB84-152867/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Lung Model Casting Techniques for Interspecies
Morphometric Comparisons,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A. L. Patra, M. A. Grady, and F. J. Miller. Jan 84,19p
EPA-600/D-84-038
Contract EPA-68-02-4032
Techniques have been developed for casting both
solid and hollow lung models from lung specimens.
These techniques have been used to make casts of
rat, rabbit, baboon, and human lungs and may be used
for other species. An air line at a positive pressure of
25 cm of water is connected to the trachea to air-dry
lungs that have been surgically removed from the spe-
cies. To make a solid model, silicone rubber is injected
in to the dry lung. Solid models also can be made by in-
jecting silicone rubber directly in situ using saline dis-
placement techniques. Nasopharynx casts are made
by direct injection of silicone rubber through the tra-
chea. Using the lost wax technique, a hollow cast of
the airways and the nasopharynx can be made. Ana-
tomical differences in lungs and nasal passages have
been observed among species. Current research in-
vestigates casting of the respiratory tract starting at
the nares and extending through the larynx to the tra-
cheobronchial tree.
Keywords: "Lung, "Models, "Casting, Respiratory
system. Comparison, Laboratory animals.
PB84-152875/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Habitat Structure and Fish Communities of Warm-
water Streams,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Ecology,
Ethology and Evolution.
J. R. Karr, I. J. Schlosser, and P. L. Angermeier. Sep
83, 8p EPA-600/D-83-094
Grant EPA-R-806391
The basic goal of recent clean water legislation is to
restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and bio-
logical integrity of the nation's waters. A research pro-
gram was initiated to evaluate the role of physical habi-
tat in regulating the structure of fish communities in
warmwater streams in east-central Illinois. An empiri-
cal approach involving observations of fish in relatively
natural conditions was combined with studies of
stream areas that have been subjected to extensive
modification by human society. This report is a summa-
ry of the work relating to this research.
Keywords: "Ecology, "Fishes, "Streams, Abundance,
Growth, Seasonal variations, Invertebrates,
Density(Mass/Volume), Food, Availability, Substrates,
Biomass, Estimates, Habitats, Predation.
PB84-153196/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Derivation of Site-Specific Water Quality Criteria
for Cadmium and the St. Louis River Basin,
Duluth, Minnesota,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
R. L. Spehar, and A. R. Carlson. Feb 84,61 p EPA-600/
3-84-029
Several freshwater aquatic species were exposed to
cadmium in site and laboratory water to evaluate an
'organism testing' protocol proposed by the U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency for deriving site-specific,
water quality criteria. The procedures of reclaculation,
indicator species, and resident species were used in
this protocol to modify the national maximum and 30-
day average cadmium criteria. The site-specific, maxi-
mum concentration derived from the recalculation pro-
cedure was slightly lower than the national criterion
value. The maximum concentration derived from the
indicator species procedures was 7.0 micrograms/l
and was calculated by using a water effect ratio from
tests conducted in both site and laboratory water.
Acute tests with several species demonstrated that
cadmium was less toxic in site water than in laboratory
water. Acute tests conducted monthly in site water
showed that cadmium toxicity varied by more than a
factor of three over the year.
Keywords: "Cadmium. "Toxicity, "Aquatic animals
"Water pollution, "Saint Louis River, Larvae, Fresh
water fishes, Exposure, Tests, Indicator species
Trout, Minnows, Turbidity, Color, Temperature, Nitro-
gen, Phosphorus, Metals, Tables(Data). Sensitivity
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB84-153204/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
PHot Demonstration of Magnetic Filtration with
Continuous Media Regeneration,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
C. E. Ball, and D. W. Coy. Feb 84,130p EPA-600/7-84-
011
Contract EPA-68-02-3142
The report describes the design and construction of a
continuous High Gradient Magnetic Filtration (HGMF)
mobile pilot plant, as well as some of the background
work in HGMF at Research Triangle Institute. The field
start-up and performance characterization of the
mobile pilot plant are discussed in detail. Experimental
data and data analysis are given, as well as an eco-
nomic evaluation and comparison of HGMF with other
particulate control devices.
Keywords: *Air poHutton control equipment, "Particles,
Pilot plants, Industrial wastes, Combustion products.
Design criteria, Electric arc furnaces, Performance
evaluation, Regeneration(Engineering), Field tests,
"High gradient magnetic separation.
PB84-153212/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab -Cincinnati,
OH.
Pollutant Control Techniques for Package Boilers:
Hardware Modifications and Alternate Fuels. Final
rept. Jun 74-Mar 78,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
J. E. Cichanowicz, M. P. Heap, R. E. McMillan, and F.
D. Zoldak. Feb 84, 235p EPA-600/7-84-012
Contract EPA-68-02-1498
Prepared in cooperation with Foster Wheeler Energy
Corp., Livingston, NJ.
The report gives results of investigations of four ways
to control nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from pack-
age boilers (both field operating boilers and boiler sim-
ulators): (1) variations in combustor operating proce-
dure; (2) combustion modification (flue gas recircula-
tion and staged combustion); (3) use of an alternate
fuel, methanol; and (4) burner design optimization.
Comparative tests were conducted in a firetube boiler.
Reduced excess-air firing was the only NOx control
that both reduced emissions and increased thermal ef-
ficiency. Flue gas recirculation and staged combustion
had negligible effects on boiler operating efficiency.
Conversion to methanol results in a considerable de-
crease in thermal efficiency because of the water
vapor's increasing the enthalpy of the flue gas.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Nitrogen oxides,
"Boilers, Burners, Design criteria. Performance eval-
uation, Revisions, industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Flue gases, "Package boilers, Alternate fuels,
Combustion modification.
PM4-15323S/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment: Source Test and
Evaluation Report • Rectisol Acid Gas Removal.
Final rept. Aug 81-Oct 83,
TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, CA.
K. W. Crawford, and R. A. Orsini. Feb 84,156p EPA-
600/7-84-014
Contract EPA-68-02-3847
The report gives results of tests of a Rectisol acid gas
removal unit at a Texaco refinery. The primary goal
was to provide a data base for evaluation of Rectisol
performance in entrained coal gasification applica-
tions. This Rectisol unit processes gases from the par-
tial oxidation of oil by the Texaco synthesis gas gen-
eration process. A secondary goaf was to validate
sampling/analytical methods for constituents such as
HCN and NH3 which were expected to be present at
very low levels in the gas samples. Data are evaluated
from the standpoint of differences in coal vs. oil appli-
cations and/or where only part of the gas is shifted.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Coal gasification, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, Sampling, Gas analysis,
Chemical analysis, Refineries, "Rectisol process,
"Acid gases
PB84-153246/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Design Optimization and Field Verification of an
Integrated Residential Furnace. Phase 2. Rept. for
Sep 77-Jan 82,
Rockwell International, Canoga Park, CA. Environmen-
tal and Energy Systems Div.
A. S. Okuda, and C. A. Hauenstein. Feb 84,188p ESG-
82-6, EPA-600/7-84-013
Contract EPA-68-02-2174
See also PB-294 293.
The report describes part of Phase II of an investiga-
tion to further optimize the design of a low-emission/
high-efficiency oil-fired residential furnace that was de-
rived from earlier EPA-funded studies and to obtain
field verification of its emission and efficiency charac-
teristics. Details concerning three major subdivisions
of Phase II work are given: (1) the construction and in-
stallation of the test furnaces, (2) the 1977-79 field
tests, and (3) the analysis of the results of the perform-
ance monitoring, including a supplemntary laboratory
test to evaluate the measurement techniques used in
the field tests.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Residential build-
ings, "Furnaces, Field tests, Combustion products,
Design criteria, Revisions, Performance evaluation,
Monitoring.
PB84-153253/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Burner Criteria for NOx Control. Volume 2. Heavy-
Oil and Coal-Fired Furnaces and the Evaluation of
Radiative Heat Transfer Models. Final rept. on
Phase 2, Jul 74-Jul 75,
International Flame Research Foundation, tjmuiden
(Netherlands).
M. Heap, T. Lowes, R. Walmsley, H. Bartelds, and P.
LeVaguerese. Feb 84,185p EPA-600/7-84-015A
Contract EPA-68-02-0202
See also PB-259 911.
The report describes Phase II of a research program,
the overall objective of which was to specify burner
design criteria for minimum pollutant emissions from
both pulverized-coal- and residual-fuel-oil-fired com-
bustors. Phase II included both furnace investigations
and the evaluation of radiative heat transfer models
which could later be applied to the development of an
analytical tool capable of predicting combustor per-
formance; the models helped generalize the results
obtained in the furnace experiments. The furnace in-
vestigation had three major objectives: providing fur-
ther information on NOx formation in pulverized coal
flames; extending the furnace investigations to include
fuel oils; and identifying methods of satisfying combus-
tor process requirements while minimizing NOx emis-
sions through burner design. The report describes the
development of several radiative heat transfer models
and compares their predictive capabilities with both
experimental results and hypothetical test cases.
Keywords: "Nitrogen oxides, "Burners, "Air pollution
control, "Mathematical models, "Heat transfer, Design
criteria, Atomization, Injection, Comparison, Heavy
oils, Furnaces, Performance evaluation, Revisions,
Combustion products, Industrial wastes.
PB84-153444/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Coal Mine Related Stream Sediment Geochemis-
try in Southern Illinois. Technical rept. 1975-81,
Southern Illinois Univ. at Carbondale.
W. C. Hood, P. D. Robinson, J. B. Chruscicki, and T. A.
Delfino. Feb 84,123p* EPA-600/7-84-022
Grant EPA-R-805353
A regional survey in stream sediment geochemistry in-
dicates that downstream areas from coal mines or coal
related land uses can contain four times the median
value of several elements, specifically cadmium
cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, nickel and zinc. In
those parts of a mine-impacted stream where low pH
is maintained, metals can be leached from the stream
sediment to further increase the concentrations in
water. This phenomenon is significant to watershed
managers and potential downstream water users in
that they can begin to analyze their water quality prob-
lems.
Keywords: "Coal mines, "Sediments, "Geochemistry,
"Stream pollution, Geology, Sampling, Cadmium,
Cobalt, Copper, Iron, Manganese, Nickel, Zinc,
Concentration(Composition), pH, Leaching,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Metals, Trace elements, Illi-
nois, Tables(Data), Maps, "Mine acid drainage.
PB84-153683	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Alum Control of Internal Phosphorus Loading In a
Shallow Lake. Journal article,
Washington Univ., Seattle. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
E. B. Welch, J. P. Michaud, and M. A. Perkins. 1982,
11 p EPA-600/J-82-422
Grant EPA-R-804588
Pub. in Water Resources Bulletin, v18 n6 p929-936
1982.
Alum treatment of a shallow lake, with mean depth 2 m
and area 137 ha, curtailed internal loading of P for at
least one year. Mean summer total P and chl a de-
creased from 76 and 27 micrograms/l, respectively, in
1978 before treatment, to 29 and 14 micrograms/l,
while mean summer Secchi transparency increased
from 1.6 to 2.2 m and blue green algae were no longer
dominant. Macrophyte biomass and distribution re-
turned during the post-alum year, 1980-1981, to previ-
ous levels after a 1979 four-month lake level draw-
down had reduced biomass by 84 percent. The im-
proved transparency, resulting from the decrease in
chl a following treatment, could encourage greater bio-
mass of macrophytes in the deeper area of the lake.
Recovery of macrophyte biomass to predrawdown
levels may restore internal loading of P through enrich-
ment of deep water sediments during winter dieback
and decomposition.
Keywords: "Phosphorus, "Lakes, "Water pollution
control. Aluminum sulfate, Alums, Cyanophyta, Recov-
ery, Transparence, Clarity, Phytoplankton, Chloro-
phylls, Sampling, Biomass, Water quality,
Washington(State), Reprints, "Organic loading, Troph-
ic level.
PB84-153691/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Aircraft Observations of Regional Transport of
Ozone In the Northeastern United States. Journal
article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J. F. Clarke, and J. K. S. Ching. 14 Feb 83,12p EPA-
600/J-83-149
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v17 n9 p1703-17l2
1983.
A regional scale aircraft sampling program was con-
ducted during August 1979 to obtain data for validation
of a regional scale photochemical air quality simulation
model and for studying the physical and chemical
processes important in Tong-range transport of ozone
and ozone precursors throughout the diurnal cycle.
Three aircraft were used to obtain continuous meas-
urements of 03, NO, NOx, B-scat, and grab samples
for later analysis for hydrocarbon species. The field
program is described and Lagrangian sampling data
for a 24-hour period presented and discussed with the
conclusion that relatively high ozone concentrations,
generated within urban plumes, were transported from
Ohio to the Northeast Corridor.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Air pollution, Aerial surveys, Sam-
pling,	Transport	properties,
Concentration(Composition), Hydrocarbons, Urban
areas, Plumes, Reprints, "Air quality, "Air pollution
sampling, Northeastern Region(United States).
PB84-153709/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Formation of Mutagens Following Chlorlnation of
Humic Acid: A Model for Mutagen Formation
during Drinking Water Treatment. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
J. R. Meier, R. D. Lingg, and R. J. Bull. 17 Feb 83,18p
EPA-600/J-83-151
Pub. in Mutation Research 118, p25-41 1983.
Aqueous chlorination of humic acids results in the for-
mation of compounds with direct-acting mutagenic ac-
tivity in the Ames/Salmonella plate assay for tester
strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, and TA1538.
The addition of a rat liver microsomal fraction (S-9)
plus cofactors causes a substantial decrease of activi-
ty, the extent of which is tester strain dependent. The
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
mutagenic activity is due predominantly to non-volatile
compounds. Production of mutagens is greatly de-
pendent on the chiorination pH, with a pattern of de-
creasing mutagenic activity with increasing pH. This
order of activity could be at least partially explained by
the alkali-liability of the compounds. Chiorination of
commercial humic acids is proposed as a model for ex-
amination of mutagen formation during water chiorina-
tion.
Keywords: "Water treatment, "Chiorination, "Muta-
gens, "Humic acids, Potable water, Laboratory ani-
mals, Mathematical models, Sampling, Reprints.
PB84-153717	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Recovery of 'Giardia' Cysts from Water: Centrlfu-
gatlon Versus Filtration. Journal article,
Washington State Dept. of Social and Health Services,
Olympia.
B. Holman, F. Frost, B. Plan, K. Fukutaki, and W.
Jakubowski. C1983, 6p EPA-600/J-83-152
Grant EPA-R-805809
Pub. in Water Research, v17 n11 p1705-1707 1983.
Methods for the recovery of Giardia cysts from large
volume (1900 L) water samples were experimentally
examined in the laboratory and applied to 22 surface
water supplies around Washington state. Orion yarn-
wound filters (7 and 1 micrometer porosity) were com-
pared, with higher cyst recovery rates observed for 1
micrometer filters. For each experiment, half the re-
covered material was processed through a series of
screens while the other half was processed through an
algae (Foerst) centrifuge. Both methods recovered
cysts from 1900 L water samples containing as few as
6000 cysts, with higher recovery rates observed for the
algae centrifuge. Cysts were recovered more often
from surface water sources implicated in outbreaks (3
of 4) than from sources not implicated in known out-
breaks (2 of 18).
Keywords: "Cysts, "Centrifuging, "Filtration, Protozoa,
Reprints, Giardia lamblia, Pathogens, Water pollution
detection, Monitoring.
PB84-153725/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Marine Recreational Water Quality Criterion Con-
sistent with Indicator Concepts and Risk Analysis.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
V. J. Cabelli, A. P. Oufour, L. J. McCabe, and M. A.
Levin. 1983, 11 p EPA-600/J-83-147
Pub. in Jnl. Water Pollution Control Federation, v55
n10 p1306-1314 Oct 83.
The development of water quality guidelines and
standards for recreational waters has followed a well-
defined pattern. The first step was the development of
guidelines and standards dictated largely by adoption
of the best available control technology. These were
usually based on limited epidemiological evidence and
little, if any, data relating the risk of illness or disease to
the level of the pollutant in the environment. The
second stage was the modification of these guidelines
and standards on the basis of detectable risk using a
limited amount of data relating illness to the environ-
mental level of the pollutant. The last step in the proc-
ess, the development of guidelines based on accepta-
ble risks, requires enough epidemiological data to
define the relationship of some measure of water qual-
ity to an observable effect. In the U.S. the first and
second stages have been completed for recreational
waters. This paper describes and substantiates the
derivation of guidelines and standards based on ac-
ceptable risk.
Keywords: "Recreational facilities, "Water pollution,
Lakes, Standards, Risk, Conform bacteria, Salmonella,
Microbiology, Feces, Public health, Indicator species,
Beaches, Enteroviruses, Great Lakes, New York, Re-
prints.
PB84-153733/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Natural Volatile Organic Substances and Their
Effect on Air Quality in the United States
(Review). Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
A. P. Altshuller. 12 May 83,37p EPA-600/J-83-148
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v17 n11 p2131-
2165 1983.
78 Vol. 90, No. 24
Large quantities of volatile organic substances are
emitted from mobile and stationary sources in the
United States. When the US, east of 105 west longi-
tude is divided into 80 by 80 km grids, most of these
grid areas east of the Mississippi River and many west
of the river, have organic emissions of at least 10,000
to 20,000 tons/y from area sources. In addition, point
sources outside of large cities involving emissions
from petroleum industrial processes and chemical
manufacturing contribute substantially. Sources of nat-
ural emissions are distributed much differently than the
sources of anthropogenic emissions. The emission
rates are much higher throughout the year in the
southern United States. Essentially all of the available
measurements for biogenic hydrocarbons are related
to isoprene and monoterpenes, particularly from forest
species. There is no current evidence that the volatile
natural organic compounds as emitted have adverse
health or welfare effects. The interest and potential
concern has been focused on formation of secondary
atmospheric products from the natural organic com-
pounds. All the pertinent results on product formation
needs to be considered adequately. The capability of
these natural organics to contribute to formation of
ozone, aerosols and other products must be carefully
assessed.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Exhaust emissions, Re-
views, Ozone, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Sources, Hydrocarbons, Aerosols, Reprints, 'Air qual-
ity, "Volatile organic compounds, "Stationary sources,
Natural emissions.
PB84-153741	Not available NTIS
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Environmental Assessment of the Barrel and
Drum Reconditioning Industry. Journal article,
Baker (Michael), Jr., Inc., Beaver, PA. Baker/TSA Div.
C. J. Touhill, andS. C. James. C1983,11p EPA-600/J-
83-150
Contract EPA-68-03-2905
Pub. in Environmental Progress, v2 n4 p214-221 Nov
83.
Burying of steel drums that presently or formerly con-
tained hazardous materials often represents a wasted
resource. Such drums can be reconditioned using
burning or washing processes to remove and accumu-
late hazardous material residues so that the steel drum
can be returned safely to useful service. Moreover,
when a drum's useful life is spent, drum cleaning per-
mits safe ultimate disposal. Reconditioning processes
either destroy the hazardous residues or concentrate
them in a form more amenable to further treatment.
Benefits of reconditioning steel drums are consider-
able. New drums cost nearly $20, and reconditioned
ones are about $12. Thus, at waste disposal sites
where there are thousands of drums, the potential rec-
lamation value could be significant. Moreover, recla-
mation would help to alleviate a nationwide shortage
of reconditionable 18-gage drums.
Keywords: "Drums(Containers), Reconditioning, Eco-
nomic analysis, Environmental impacts, Steels,
Barrels(Containers), Reprints, Recycling.
PB84-153758/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Limnetic Zooplankton of Lakes in Katmai National
Monument, Alaska,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
K. E. Biesinger. Feb 84,42p EPA-600/3-84-025
The limnetic zooplankton in lakes of the Naknek River
system in southwestern Alaska was sampled exten-
sively during 1962-63. The numerically dominant forms
of limnetic zooplankton were Diaptomus, Cyclops,
Daphnia, Bosmina, coregoni, Kellicotia, and Conochi-
lus. Some littoral and benthic forms were also identi-
fied but not studied in detail. Species composition and
the relative abundance of each species differed con-
siderably among the four major lakes and also among
basins within the lakes. These differences were con-
sistent with limnological differences in physical and
chemical characteristics. Iliuk Arm contains glacial
flour from glaciers and pumice from volcanic activity
and had the lowest standing crop. The clear and
warmer waters of the North Arm of Naknek Lake had
the highest standing crop. Seasonal pulses of zoo-
plankton occurred in mid-July and again in late-August.
Annual changes were also studied and in nine out of
ten comparisons, zooplankton were more abundant in
1963 than in 1962.
Keywords: "Zooplankton, "Lakes, Identifying, Abun-
dance, Limnology, Glaciers, Volcanoes, Seasonal vari-
ations, Turbidity, Naknek River, Cladocera, Daphnia,
Alaska, Tables(Data), "Standing crop.
PB84-153873/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Water Resource Data and Preliminary Trend Anal-
ysis for the Highland Silver Lake Monitoring and
Evaluation Project, Madison County, Illinois,
Phase II,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
T. E. Davenport, and M. H. Kelly. Nov 83,160p IEPA/
WPC/83-013
See also PB83-151894.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
This report is a product of Comprehensive Monitoring
and Evaluation Program for Highland Silver Lake Wa-
tershed. The purpose of this report is to present and
briefly interpret trends in water quality data collected
from project inception thru March 31,1983 as part of
the Highland Silver Lake project. The primary purpose
of this monitoring and evaluation project is to deter-
mine the impacts of the Rural Clean Water Project on
the water resources of the watershed.
Keywords: "Sediments, "Runoff, "Lakes, "Water pol-
lution, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Metals, Turbidity, Con-
form bacteria, Temperature, Stream flow, Inverte-
brates, Aquatic animals, Tables(Data), Illinois, "Non-
point sources, Agricultural watersheds, Highland Silver
Lake project, Madison County(lllinois), "Water quality
data.
PB84-153956/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Chemical Reactions of Aquatic Humic Materials
with Selected Oxidants. Rept. for Oct 79-Mar 83,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Public
Health.
R. F. Christman, J. D. Johnson, D. S. Millington, and A.
A. Stevens. Oct 83, 8p EPA-600/D-83-117
Grant EPA-R-806679
A study was conducted to identify the specific organic
reaction products of natural aquatic humic materials
with selected oxidants (KMn04, HOCI, CI02, 03 and
monochloramine), Reaction products were identified
by GC/MS after solvent extraction and derivatization.
The two most reactive oxidants in terms of the number
of identified products and overall yields were KMn04
and HOCI. The macromolecular structure of aquatic
humic and fulvic acids inferred from KMn04 studies
may consist of (a) single-ring aromatics with mainly
three to six alkyl substituents, carboxylic acid, ketone,
or hydroxyl groups, (b) short aliphatic carbon chains,
and (c) polycyclic ring structures.
Keywords: "Oxidizers, "Chemical analysis, "Molecular
structure, "Water analysis, Humus, Gas chromatogra-
phy, Mass spectroscopy, Potassium permanganate,
Chlorine dioxide, Humic acid, Ozone, Fulvic acid, Re-
prints, "Water pollution detection, Chloramine.
PB84-153964/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati
OH.
Enhanced Recovery of Conforms by Anaerobic
Incubation,
Arizona Univ., Tucson. Dept. of Microbiology.
N. A. Sinclair. Jan 84,22p EPA-600/D-84-047
Grant EPA-R-807964
A total of 529 well and distribution potable water sam-
ples were analyzed for total coliforms by the most
probable number (MPN) and membrane filter (MF)
techniques. Standard plate count (SPC) bacteria and
MF non-coliform bacteria were also enumerated. Fre-
quency of coliform detection, turbidity in MPN tubes
and extensive overgrowth by non-coliforms on MF fil-
ters were directly proportional to SPC. Overgrowth by
non-coliforms on MF filters suppressed sheen devel-
opment and, in turn, masked coliform detection.
Keywords: "Coliform bacteria, Potable water, Bacteria,
Anaerobic processes, Detection, "Incubators, "Water
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB84-153972/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Control of Waterborne 'Campylobacter Jejuni' by
Chlorine Disinfection,
Colorado Univ. Health Sciences Center, Denver.
M. J. Blaser, R. G. West, W. L. Wang, and J. C. Hoff.
Jan 84,15p EPA-600/D-84-052
Grant EPA-R-810169
Results of preliminary studies on the comparative sen-
sitivity of Campylobacter jejuni and Escherichia coli to
inactivation by chlorine are presented. The results indi-
cate that C. jejuni is equally or more sensitive to inacti-
vation by free chlorine as the E. coli test strain. Chlorin-
ation procedures employing free chlorine that are ef-
fective for inactivation of E. coli should also be effec-
tive for inactivating the pathogen C. jejuni.
Keywords: "Chlorination, "Disinfection, 'Bacteria,
'Water pollution control, Pathogens, Campylobacter
jejuni, Escherichia coli.
PB84-154111/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of the IDALERT Device of the Motor
Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act. Techni-
cal rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
E. A. Barth. Jun 81, 30p EPA-AA-TEB-511-81-6
This report announces the conclusions of the EPA
evaluation of the 'IDALERTTM' device under provi-
sions of Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Information
and Cost Savings Act. On September 19, 1980, the
EPA received a request from Con-Serv, Inc. for evalua-
tion of a fuel saving device termed 'IDALERTTM'. This
device is designed to give audible and visual warnings
to the vehicle operator that the vehicle engine has
been idling for an excessive time period. The objective
is to have the operator turn the engine off. EPA fully
considered all of the information submitted by the
device manufacturer in the application.
Keywords: "Automobiles, "Fuel consumption, Evalua-
tion, Ignition systems, Savings, Trucks, Warning sys-
tems, IDALERT device, Full saving devices.
PB84-154194/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Evalua-
tion of the Optimizer Device Under Section 511 of
the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings
Act,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
E. A. Barth. May 83,124p EPA-AA-TEB-511 -83-9
This report announces the conclusions of the EPA
evaluation of the Optimizer device under the provi-
sions of section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Information
and Cost Savings Act. The evaluation of the Optimizer
was conducted upon the application of the manufac-
turer. The basic device is a combustion catalyst con-
sisting of an electric fuel heater containing a bed of
platinum deposited on an inert substrate. The remain-
der of the system includes a heater relay, a condenser
to cool the fuel to operating temperature, and the as-
sociated plumbing. According to the applicant, the
device introduces a very small amount of platinum into
the fuel. This enhances the combustion process and
allows ignition timing to be advanced. The device, cou-
pled with the ignition timing adjustments, is claimed to
improve fuel economy, increase performance, and
reduce engine maintenance while keeping emissions
low. EPA fully considered all of the information submit-
ted by the applicant. The evaluation of the Optimizer
device was based on that information and EPA's engi-
neering judgement. The overall conclusion is that, for
most vehicles, the device and the prescribed ignition
timing adjustments of the engine will cause a small im-
provement in fuel economy and a large increase in
NOx (oxides of nitrogen) emissions.
Keywords: "Fuel consumption, "Exhaust emissions,
"Motor vehicles, Optimization, Nitrogen oxides, Air pol-
lution, Maintenance, Performation evaluation, "Opti-
mizers.
PB84-154269/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Impact of Algal-Available Phosphorus on Lake
Erie Water Quality: Mathematical Modeling,
Clarkson Coll. of Technology, Potsdam, NY. Dept. of
Civil and Environmental Engineering.
D. K. Salisbury, J. V. DePinto, and T. C. Young. Feb 84,
87p EPA-600/3-84-027
Grant EPA-R-807155
Accurate estimates of the forms and bioavailability of
phosphorus loadings are necessary for loading trend
analysis and water quality model development. Total
phosphorus loading data for Lake Erie from 1970 to
1980 were categorized into three forms, based on
phosphorus bioavailability studies. The three forms
were soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) (immediately
available for algal uptake), external ultimately-avail-
able phosphorus (EUP) (not immediately available but
converted to an available form at a specific rate), and
external refractory phosphorus (ERP) (never available
for algal uptake). Sensitivity analyses were performed
and demonstrated the need for additional research to
examine the in-lake dynamics of allochthonous ulti-
mately-available phosphorus from Lake Erie tributar-
ies. Continued research on the extent and rate of SRP
release, and the settling velocity of external ultimately-
available phosphorus from Lake Erie tributaries is rec-
ommended.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus, 'Algae, 'Water pollution,
"Lake Erie, Availability, Mathematical models, Monitor-
ing, Concentration(Composition), Graphs(Charts),
Chlorophylls, Phytoplankton, Assimilation, Growth,
Diatoms, 'Organic loading, Nonpoint sources.
PB84-154350/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Extended Evaluation of Unpaved Road Dust Sup-
pressants in the Iron and Steel Industry. Final rept.
May 82-Mar 83,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
G. E. Muleski, T. Cuscino, Jr., and C. Cowherd, Jr. Feb
84, 155p MRI-4862-L(14), EPA-600/2-84-027
Contract EPA-68-02-3177
The report gives results of a study to measure the
long-term control effectiveness of various dust sup-
pressants used to mitigate particulate emissions from
vehicular traffic on unpaved roads in the iron and steel
industry. Control effectiveness was determined by
measuring emissions, using an exposure profiling
technique, before and after control application. Control
effectiveness was determined for total particulate (TP)
and for three particle size (aerodynamic diameter)
fractions. Parameters affecting the cost-effectiveness
of unpaved road dust suppressants were also quanti-
fied, and the trace element composition of uncon-
trolled unpaved road surface material and airborne
dust emissions was examined. The three dust sup-
pressants evaluated were: a 20% solution of Petro Tac
(an emulsified asphalt), water, and a 20% solution of
Cohere* (a petroleum resin) followed by a repeat appli-
cation of 12% solution 44 days later.
Keywords: "Iron and steel industry, "Air pollution con-
trols, "Particles, Dust control, Performance evaluation,
Roads, Chemical properties, Water, Emulsions, Petro-
leum products, Asphalt, "Unpaved roads, "Dust sup-
pressants, Petro Tac, Coherex.
PB84-1S4723/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Survey of Direct Analysis Methods for Organic
Compounds In Particulate Matter. Final rept. 1981-
82,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
C. A. Alexander, J. R. Hoyland, R. H. Barnes, and J. S.
Ogden. Jan 84, 54p EPA-600/4-84-016
Contract EPA-68-02-3487
Spark source, secondary ion and direct probe mass
spectroscopy and infrared, Raman and photoacoustic
optical spectroscopy were evaluated for their present
and potential usefulness in direct quantification and
semiquantitative analysis of aromatic hydrocarbons in
particulate matter. It was found that spark source mass
spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, Fou-
rier-Transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy and
photoacoustic spectroscopy did not provide sufficient
sensitivity for the determination of environmental
levels of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons in particulate
matter. Direct probe thermal desorption mass spec-
troscopy was found to be capable of the detection and
quantification of organic compounds, particularly high
molecular weight species not detected by commonly
used extraction processes followed by gas chromatog-
raphy or gas chromatography/mass spectroscopic
analysis. It is further concluded that the organic materi-
al absorbed on ambient particulate matter may be
much more complex than previously suspected.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Aromatic hydrocarbons,
'Chemical analysis, Air pollution. Surveys, Mass spec-
troscopy, Infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectrosco-
py, Gas chromatography, Organic compounds, Aro-
matic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Absorption, "Air pollu-
tion detection, Fourier transform spectroscopy.
PB84-154798/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Review of New Source Performance Standards
for Kraft Pulp Mills.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sep 83, 92p EPA-450/3-83-017
This report reviews the current New Source Perform-
ance Standards for Kraft Pulp Mills. It includes a sum-
mary of the current standards, the status of current ap-
plicable control technology, and the ability of mills to
meet the current standards. Recommended changes
to the existing standards are discussed.
Keywords: "Sulfate pulping, "Air pollution control,
"Standards, Reviews, Particles, Sulfur, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Pulp mills, 'New source
performance standards, 'Air pollution standards.
PB84-154897/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Glossary for Air Pollution Control of Industrial
Coating Operations. Second Edition. (With Graphi-
cal Aids for Rapid Estimation of Acceptable Com-
pliance Alternatives).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Dec 83,43p EPA-450/3-83-013R
See also PB83-261461.
Common terms used in the air pollution control of
emissions from industrial coating operations are de-
fined. The definitions cover both coatings terminology
and terms related to the Clean Air Act. Appendices
give sample calculations to illustrate emission reduc-
tions achieved by changing coatings. Graphical aids
which simplify calculations are shown.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Coatings, 'Diction-
aries, Industrial wastes, "Air quality, Volatile organic
compounds.
PB84-155126/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Equipment Leaks of VOC (Volatile Organic Com-
pounds) In Natural Gas Production Industry •
Background Information for Proposed Standards.
Draft environmental impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Dec 83,232p EPA-450/3-82-024A
Standards of performance for the control of VOC emis-
sions from equipment leaks at natural gas processing
plants are being proposed under Section 111 of Clean
Air Act. This document contains background informa-
tion and environmental and economic impact assess-
ments of the regulatory alternatives considered in de-
veloping the proposed standards.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-draft,
'Natural gas, 'Gas production, "Standards, 'Air pollu-
tion control, Regulations, Assessments, Environmen-
tal impacts, Economic impact, Leakage, 'Volatile or-
ganic compounds, 'Air pollution standards, 'Air pollu-
tion abatement, 'Fugitive emissions, Standards of per-
formance.
PB84-155175/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Cogeneratlon: Status and Environmental Issues.
Final rept. Jun 79-Jul 81,
TRW Energy Engineering Div., McLean, VA.
J. Dadiani. Feb 84,81p* EPA-600/7-84-023
Contract EPA-68-03-2560
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The purpose of this project was to determine the
planned cogeneration development by the utility and
industrial sectors; to assess the environmental im-
pacts and energy savings from cogeneration; and, to
identify potential environmental issues and regulations
impacting cogeneration development. Major emphasis
was placed on environmental impacts. The study in-
vestigated the energy savings and environmental im-
pacts of five industrial facilities which are considering a
switch to in-plant cogeneration. Potential regional en-
vironmental impacts of cogeneration development in
New England, the Tennessee Valley Authority service
area and northern New Jersey were also determined.
Finally, the environmental impacts of a cogeneration-
based district heating system were considered. It was
found that there are a number of factors which deter-
mine the relative magnitude of environmental impacts
of a cogeneration system compared to a conventional
energy supply system.
Keywords: Environmental impacts, District heating, Air
pollution, "Cogeneration, Energy conservation.
PB84-155183/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Developments at International Conference on
Water Pollution Research (11th) Held at Cape
Town, South Africa, March 29-Aprll 2,1982.
United States of America National Committee for Rep-
resentation of the United States to the International
Association on Water Pollution Research.
Feb 84, 342p* EPA-600/9-84-005
Grant EPA-R-809703
This report is not simply a collection of papers or ab-
stracts of papers presented at the Eleventh Interna-
tional Conference on Water Pollution Research held in
Cape Town, South Africa on March 29 • April 2, 1982,
but it is an analysis of formal and informal develop-
ments including pertinent remarks, comments and
ideas brought out in discussions of papers and with re-
searchers from throughout the world. Included in this
report are reviews of tne Poster Sessions and interpre-
tive analyses of informal developments at the Confer-
ence which were judged to be relevant to water quality
control activities in the United States.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Water pollution control,
Meetings, Sewage treatment, Sewage disposal. Sub-
marines, Water reclamation, Carcinogens, Waste
water reuse, Activated sludge process, Potable water,
Industrial wastes, Metals, Phosphorus, Reservoirs,
Water analysis, Sand filtration, Desalting, Ozonation,
Activated carbon treatment, Rotating biological discs.
PB84-155217/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
On-Farm Improvements to Reduce Sediment and
Nutrients In Irrigation Return Flow. Final rept.,
Washington State Univ., Pullman.
L. G. King, B. L. McNeal, F. A. Ziari, and S. C. Matulich.
Feb 84, 208p EPA-600/2-84-044
Grant EPA-R-805527
Research on an 800-hectare irrigated tract in central
Washington's Columbia Basin Project studied the ef-
fects of on-farm improvements on reduction of the dis-
charge of sediment and nutrients via irrigation return
flow. Technical assistance and financial cost-sharing
were provided to participating farmers. Physical im-
provements included pipes to convey tailwater to im-
proved drains, sediment basins and mini-basins, con-
crete lining of head ditches, gated pipe systems, and
conversion of furrow irrigated land to sprinkler systems
(center pivot and solid set). Structural improvements
greatly reduced the sediment discharge from the over-
all tract. Measures which controlled sediment loss
were not equally effective in reducing phosphorus
loss, even though reductions in phosphorus loss were
significant.
Keywords: "Sediments, "Irrigation, "Water pollution,
Nutrients, Regulations, Licenses, Drainage, Phospho-
rus, Columbia River Basin, Technical assistance.
Ditches, Sprinkler irrigation, "Return flow, Nonpoint
sources, Cost sharing.
PB84-15522S/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Water Supply Research Div.
80 Vol. 90, No. 24
Geotechnical Quality Assurance of Construction
of Disposal Facilities. Final rept. Apr-Dec 82,
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS.
S. J. Spigolon, and M. F. Kelley. Feb 84,192p EPA-
600/2-84-040
This report presents four major topics related to the
permittee's	responsibilities	during
construction,operation, and closure of a hazardous
waste disposal facility: (1) geotechnical parameters
that should be tested and/or observed, (2) selection of
sampling methods and sample sizes for the geotechni-
cal parameters, (3) laboratory and field testing meth-
ods for investigating geotechnical parameters, (3) lab-
oratory and field testing methods for investigating geo-
technical parameters, and (4) a quality assurance pro-
gram suited to the unique responsibilities of the permit-
tee. The purpose of the report is to provide technical
background for use by permittees, designers, specifi-
ers, quality assurance engineers, and permit writers for
hazardous waste disposal facilities. The document ad-
dresses the quality control aspects of construction, op-
eration, and closure of a hazardous waste disposal fa-
cility (it is assumed that the quality aspects of site se-
lection, characterization, and design have already
been managed). Types of facilities covered by the
report include landfills, surface impoundments, waste
piles, and land treatment units.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Quality assurance,
"Solid waste disposal, Licenses, Field tests, Sites,
Earth fills, Quality control. Sampling, Laboratory equip-
ment.
PB84-15S233/HSU	PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Polycycllc Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Evaluation of
Sources and Effects. Final rept.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
1983, 477p
Contract EPA-68-01-4655
The present report attempts to make current the infor-
mation relative to the sources (both mobile and sta-
tionary), formation, atmospheric transformations, bio-
logic effects, and pharmacokinetics of a select group
of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and mix-
tures thereof, to identify populations hypersensitive to
them and to determine the human risks associated
with exposure to them. The specific PAHs considered
were chosen on the basis of relative concentrations in
various kinds of emission or combustion products or
because of some unique pharmacologic property.
Keywords: "Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, "Ex-
haust emissions, "Air pollution, Hazardous materials,
Sources, Concentration(Composition), Dosage, Me-
tabolism, Risks, Food, Water, Toxicology, Pyrenes,
Residential buildings, Ecology, Public health, Phenan-
threne, Chrysene, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Acridines, Benzanthracenes, "Stationary
sources, "Air pollution effects(Humans), Phenan-
threne carboxaldehyde, Atmospheric chemistry, Natu-
ral emissions, Cancer, Benzopyrenes, Health risks, Ac-
ridine, Coronene, Cyclopentapyrene, Fluorenone/
methyl, Thiphene/dibenzo, Pyrene/nitro, Fluoran-
thene, Fluorenone.
PB84-1S5258/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Corrosion In Potable Water Systems. Final rept.,
SumX Corp., Austin, TX.
D. W. DeBerry, J. R. Kidwell, and D. A. Malish. Feb 82,
224p* SUMX-C79-014, EPA-570/9-83-013
Contract EPA-68-01 -5834
The purpose of this investigation was to collect,
review, evaluate, and present existing information to
determine whether a sufficient data base is available
to develop corrosion control regulations for the water
works industry as required by the Safe Drinking Water
Act. To accomplish this objective, an exhaustive litera-
ture search was completed which included a review of
the various materials used in the water works industry
and their corrosion characteristics. Results of labora-
tory and field research on each material as related to
corrosion in the water works industry are extensively
reviewed and data is presented as appropriate. Major
emphasis is placed on assessing the conditions of
service and water quality characteristics in potable
water systems on the corrosion or deterioration of
each material. A review of corrosion monitoring and
detection techniques is given which addresses the var-
ious methodologies used to identify and evaluate cor-
rosive waters. Available corrosion prevention and con-
trol techniques are also evaluated and presented.
Keywords: "Corrosion, "Water pipes, Water supply,
Potable water, Corrosion prevention.
PB84-155316/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of the Fuel Maxlmiser TM: A Retrofit
Fuel Economy Device. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
T. J. Penninga. Nov 81,10pEPA-AA-TEB-82-2
See also PB84-129881.
This report announces the conclusion of EPA's eval-
uation of the 'Fuel Maximiser' a retrofit fuel economy
device. The evaluation of the 'Fuel Maximiser' was
conducted by request of the U.S. Postal service. The
purpose of the evaluation was to determine if the
device did perform as it was claimed. The 'Fuel Maxi-
miser' device consists of a small coil of copper wire in
a plastic enclosure which is positioned over the nega-
tive terminal of the vehicle battery. The device is alleg-
edly creates an ion charge in the vehicle which modi-
fies the molecular structure of the fuel, thus increasing
vehicle fuel economy. The results of the EPA testing
demonstrate that the 'Fuel Maximiser' has no effect on
vehicle fuel economy. An evaluation of the 'Fuel Maxi-
miser' device under Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle
Information and Cost Savings Act is available in EPA
report EPA-AA-TEB-511-82-1, the NTIS order number
is PB84-129881.
Keywords: "Automobiles, "Fuel consumption, "Ex-
haust emissions, 'Air pollution, Tests, 'Fuel maxi-
misers.
PB84-155324/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Procurement of Privately-Owned Passenger Cars
Using In-House Resources. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
T. C. Bejma, and R. Demyan. Sep 83,25p EPA-AA-
TEB-83-4
This report describes the effort to procure 104 high
mileage, in-use, privately-owned (1980-1981) passen-
ger cars for an exhaust emission testing project. This
project, known as 'EF-II', was conducted at EPA's
Motor Vehicle Emission Laboratory (MVEL). The pri-
mary objective of this program was to measure regulat-
ed pollutants from a random sample of vehicles. The
information gathered is being used to predict future
emission levels from these categories of vehicles once
they obtain the same mileage under more normal driv-
ing conditions. The secondary objective was the as-
sessment of the feasibility of performing such a pro-
gram without contracting for all or part of the work.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Automobiles, Pro-
curement, Feasibility, Tests, Measurement, Selection,
Project planning, Cost effectiveness, "High mileage
vehicles.
PB84-1SS3S7/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Analysis and Evaluation.
Economic Impact Analysis of Effluent Limitations
and Standards for Canmaklng Subcategory of the
Coll Coating Category. Final rept.
Policy Planning and Evaluation, Inc., McLean, VA.
Nov 83,109p EPA-440/2-83-011
Contract EPA-68-01-6731
This report represents the results of the economic
impact analysis for the Canmaking subcategory of the
Coil Coating industry which is noticed in the Federal
Register on November 17,1983. The report presents
an industry profile, cost estimates for the options con-
sidered by the Agency, and the analyses of the pro-
jected plant or product line closures, price changes,
unemployment and other effects. Using revised corrv
pliance costs for each plant, EPA performed a capital
requirements analysis and a profitability analysis to de-
termine the likelihood of potential closures.
Keywords: "Food processing, "Water pollution eco-
nomics, 'Economic impact, Cans, Capitalized costs
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Financing, "Coil coatings, Baseline measurements.
Best technology
PB84-155373/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Performance Test Results and Comparative Data
for Designated Equivalent Methods for Sulfur Di-
oxide,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. M. Michie, Jr., F. W. Sexton, F. F. McBroy, and V. L.
Thompson. Jan 84,140p EPA-600/4-84-015
Contracts EPA-68-02-3222, EPA-68-02-2714
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency designates
specific ambient monitoring methods and analyzers as
reference or equivalent methods acceptable for use in
certain required monitoring. Such designation is based
on test of the performance of the analyzer model by
the manufacturer (or other applicant) prior to designa-
tion. After designation, EPA carries out further tests of
the analyzer, including performance tests as well as
comparative tests to evaluate the performance, reli-
ability, and operational peculiarities of the analyzer
with respect to other analyzers monitoring the same
pollutant. This report summarizes both the manufac-
turer's predesignation test results and the available
EPA postdesignation test results for currently desig-
nated sulfur dioxide analyzers. Manufacturer's prede-
signation test results are presented for thirteen analyz-
ers, and all test results met or exceeded the specifica-
tions. EPA postdesignation performance test results
are presented for ten analyzers, and similarly, all test
results met or exceeded the specifications. EPA post-
designation comparative test results are presented for
eight analyzers, with the results indicating that the ana-
lyzers tested were generally stable and reliable and
demonstrated a high degree of comparability.
Keywords: *Gas detectors, 'Sulfur dioxide, *Air pollu-
tion, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Specifi-
cations, 'Air pollution detection, Monitoring.
PB84-155555/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Sale of Surplus Digester and Landfill Gas to
Public Utilities,
Camp, Dresser and McKee, Inc., Boston, MA.
C. A. Cairns, and A. B. Pincince. Feb 84, 56p EPA-600/
2-84-039
Contract EPA-68-03-2803
Methane gas produced by anaerobic digestion of
wastewater sludge can be upgraded to pipeline quality
and sold to a public utility for injection into a natural
gas distribution system. Upgrading the gas typically in-
volves treatment for removal of carbon dioxide and hy-
drogen sulfide, dehydration, and compression. Up-
grading of digester gas to pipeline quality is technically
feasible. Moreover, based on current prices of natural
gas, selling of upgraded gas to a public utility is eco-
nomically viable. Although this method of gas utiliza-
tion has been investigated for several wastewater
treatment plants, no such programs have been imple-
mented. The primary reason is that to date, other alter-
natives (usually involving on-site uses) have been con-
sidered more manageable or economical. Gas gener-
ated in solid waste landfills is similar in quality to di-
gester gas. Several landfill gas recovery, processing,
and utilization projects (some of which involve selling
upgraded gas to a public utility) have either been im-
plemented or are being planned. Because there are no
competing on-site uses of landfill gas and because
landfill gas quantities are typically much larger than
those from digesters, landfill gas has a greater poten-
tial for future development by public utilities.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Methane, 'Digest-
ers, Earth fills, Cost analysis, Gas pipelines, Gas pro-
duction, Public utilities, Electric power plants, 'Waste
utilization, 'Anaerobic digestion, 'Sewage sludge.
PB84-15S563/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Analysis and Assessment of Incinerated Munici-
pal Sludge Aahes and Leachates. Final rept. Oct
79-Sep 81,
Notre Dame Univ., IN.
T. L. Theis, M. McKiernan, and L. E. Padgett. Feb 84,
102p EPA-600/2-84-038
Grant EPA-R-806690
Research was conducted to analyze the physical and
chemical properties of ashes from incinerated munici-
pal sludge and of corresponding dewatered sludge.
Samples were gathered from 10 wastewater treatment
plants ranging in size from 0.22 to 27.1 cu/sec. These
samples were subjected to a series of physical, chemi-
cal, and biological tests, including batch and chemical
extractions and the Ames Salmonella assay. Results
showed that the addition of supplemental chemicals
during wastewater or sludge treatment strongly influ-
enced the leachate properties and composition of both
dewatered sludge and ash samples. In the absence of
inorganic chemical addition, incineration acted gener-
ally to decrease trace metal availability. The behavior
of arsenic during the various leaching tests was the op-
posite of that for metal cations with respect to pH. In-
cinerated sludges demonstrated weak mutagenic ac-
tivity in the Ames assay. Four of the 10 ash samples
gave positive results, generally in the presence of acti-
vating mammalian enzymes. In addition, one dewa-
tered sludge sample also gave positive results . Both
frameshift and base-pair mutagens were implicated.
Keywords: 'Sludges, 'Ashes, 'Solid waste disposal,
'Leaching, 'Chemical analysis, Sewage treatment, In-
cinerators, Physical properties, Chemical properties,
Toxicology, Sampling, Extraction, Dewatering, Muta-
gens, Metals, Bioassays, pH, Chemical treatment,
Ames assay, Trace amounts.
PB84-155712/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of the Temperature Effects on Five
1961 Passenger Vehicles. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
R. J. Branham. Dec81,20p EPA-AA-TEB-82-4
This report summarizes the results of a study done to
evaluate how 1981 model year motor vehicle emission
systems react to ambient temperatures. Five different
vehicles with mileages between 500 and 700 miles
were tested using tne EPA Cold Environmental Test
Cell (CETC). Each vehicle was tested according to the
Federal Test Procedure (FTP) and the Highway Fuel
Economy Test (HFET) at ambient temperatures of 20,
60, 75, and 100 degrees F. The results show that the
lower the ambient temperature is, the higher the emis-
sion levels for city driving are. In addition, ambient tem-
peratures do not affect exhaust emission levels drasti-
cally for highway driving.
Keywords: 'Temperature, 'Automobiles, Exhaust
emissions, Test methods, Fuel consumption, Weather,
Cold weather tests, Heating, Tables(Data),
Graphs(Charts).
PB84-155803/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Tetrachloroeth-
lene (Perchloroethylene). External review draft,
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
C. W. Chen, I. W. F. Davidson, V. L. Vaughan-Dellarco,
H. Gibb, and M. Greenberg. Dec 83,222p EPA-600/8-
82-005B
See also PB83-135988.
Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) is a volatile solvent with im-
portant commercial applications. It has been detected
in the ambient air of a variety of urban and nonurban
areas of the United States. It has less frequently been
detected in water but has been monitored generally at
levels of 1 ppb or less. The lowest-observed-adverse-
effect-level, based on central nervous system dysfunc-
tion, is about 100 ppm (678 mg/cu m). Toxicity testing
in experimental animals, coupled with limited human
data, suggests that long-term exposure of humans to
ambient levels of PCE is not likely to represent a health
concern. At the current time, the teratogenic potential
of PCE for humans is unknown; the mammalian animal
tests performed to date do not indicate any significant
teratogenic potential. Although PCE epoxide has been
found to be positive with respect to mutagenicity in
bacterial systems, the data on pure PCE suggest that if
it is mutagenic, it is a weak mutagen. PCE has been
demonstrated to induce malignant tumors of the liver
in mice. This constitutes limited evidence that PCE
may be carcinogenic in humans. Because existing epi-
demiologic data for PCE is inconclusive, the overall
ranking according to the criteria of the International
Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) would suggest
that PCE is possibly carcinogenic in humans.
Keywords: 'Tetrachloroethylene, 'Toxicology, Expo-
sure, Laboratory animals, Assessments, Malignant
neoplasms, Liver, Bacteria, Dry cleaning, Metals, De-
greasing, Industrial hygiene, Air pollution, Solvents,
Water pollution, Public health, Epidemiology, Public
health, 'Toxic substances, 'Occupational safety and
health. Ecosystems, Cancer, Pharmacokinetics, Envi-
ronmental health.
PB84-155837/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Complex
Terrain Model Development: Third Milestone
Report 1983. Interim rept. Jun 82-Jun 83,
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Con-
cord, MA.
T. F. Lavery, D. G. Strimaitis, A. Venkatram, B. R.
Greene, and D. C. DiCristofaro. Nov 83,293p EPA-
600/3-83-101
Contract EPA-68-02-3421
See also PB83-220020.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is sponsor-
ing the Complex Terrain Model Development program,
a multi-year integrated program to develop and vali-
date practical plume dispersion models of known reli-
ability and accuracy for simulating one-hour-average
ground-level concentrations downwind of elevated
sources during stable atmospheric conditions in com-
plex terrain. The first major component of the Complex
Terrain Model Development program was a field study
conducted during the fall of 1980 at Cinder Cone
Butte, a roughly axisymmetric, isolated 100-meter-tall
hill located in the broad Snake River Basin near Boise,
Idaho. The second field study was performed during
1982 at Hogback Ridge, an 85-meter-tall two-dimen-
sional ridge located west of Farmington, New Mexico.
This report documents work performed subsequent to
the Second Milestone Report to combine two prelimi-
nary complex terrain models developed from the
Cinder Cone Butte data base into the Complex Terrain
Dispersion Model (CTDM), and to contrast the per-
formance of CTDM with three existing complex terrain
models using measurement data from both the Cinder
Cone Butte and the Hogback Ridge field experiments.
A description of the Hogback Ridge field study is also
included.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Terrain models, 'Mathemat-
ical models, Plumes. Concentration(Composition),
Performance evaluation, Field tests, 'Atmospheric dis-
persion, 'Air quality.
PBS4-1SS845/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Sampling and Analysis Methods for Hazardous
Waste Combustion. Final rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
J. C. Harris, D. J. Larsen, C. E. Rechsteiner, and K. E.
Thrun. Feb 84,441p EPA-600/8-84-002
Contracts EPA-68-02-3111, EPA-68-02-3627
The report is a reference document, describing sam-
pling and analysis methods for measuring the hazard-
ous constituents (as defined in 40 C.F.R., Part 261, Ap-
pendix VIII) which might be designated as principal or-
ganic hazardous constituents (POHCs) in the various
influent and effluent streams of incineration facilities.
The methods for these constituents are described in
the text. Also included is a concise summary sheet for
each recommended method which states the name
and number of the method, the types of samples and
specific analytes to which the method applies, a brief
description of the method, instrument, and operating
conditions, and reference(s) to more detailed descrip-
tions of the procedure. Technician-level protocols are
thus incorporated by reference, rather than by repro-
duction in this report. In addition to presenting the
methods for sampling and analysis of POHCs at these
facilities, information concerning additional sampling
and analysis requirements, general strategies for pre-
paring sampling and analysis plans to meet the regula-
tory requirements, and guidelines for reporting and
documentation are discussed.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Organic com-
pounds, 'Incinerators, 'Air pollution, 'Regulations,
Sampling, Licenses, Standards, Surveys, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products. Chemical analysis,
Quality assurance, Quality control, Gas chromatogra-
phy, Mass spectroscopy, Specifications, 'Air pollution
sampling, 'Air pollution detection, Procedures, High
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
performance liquid chromatography, Resource con-
servation and recovery act.
PB84-155852/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Assessment of Ozone as a Surrogate for Other
Products of Atmospheric Photochemical Reac-
tions. Environmental research brief,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
A. P. Alshuller. Aug 83, 7p EPA-600/D-83-070
This research brief is a summary of the extensive
review and critical analysis of the literature on products
of atmospheric photochemical reactions in the lower
troposphere, and an assessment of that body of re-
search information. The review is reported separately
(Measurements of the Products of Atmospheric Reac-
tions in Laboratory Studies and in Ambient Air - Rela-
tionships Between Ozone and Other Products: A
Review submitted to Atmospheric Environment). The
conclusions reached are as follows: (1) The products
other than ozone and nitrogen dioxide in combination
occur in ambient air at concentrations approaching or
equalling the concentrations of ozone; (2) the other
products show the same directional characteristics as
ozone in ambient air; (3) the quantitative relationships
between these other products and ozone are complex
and are different for each product; and (4) the quantita-
tive relationships between these products and precur-
sor hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides are complex
and are different for each product.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Photochemical reactions, "Air
pollution, Assessments, Concentration(Composition),
Urban areas, Transport properties, Sources, Tropo-
shere, Transport properties, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen
oxides, Formaldehyde, Nitric acid, Sulfates, "Air qual-
ity, Natural emissions, Atmospheric chemistry, Perox-
yacetyl nitrate.
PB84-1S5936/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Emissions and Fuel Economy of the Dresser
Economizer, a Retrofit Device. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
S. L. Syria. Dec 81, 12p EPA-AA-TEB-82-3
This report describes the results of testing the Dresser
Economizer as part of an evaluation under section 511
of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act.
This device is a gasket which is installed between the
intake manifold and the cylinder head. The device is
claimed to improve fuel economy and driveability. The
results of EPA testing show the Dresser Economizer
device does not have any significant effect on regulat-
ed exhaust emissions or fuel economy.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, "Fuel consumption, Tests,
Gaskets, Exhaust emissions, Performance.
PB84-155993/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Age Dependent Model of PCB In a Lake Michigan
Food Chain. Rept. for 1 May 78-30 Sep 81,
Manhattan Coll., Bronx, NY. Environmental Engineer-
ing and Science Program.
R. V. Thomann, and J. P. Connolly. Feb 84,122p EPA-
600/3-84-026
Grant EPA-R-805916
An age-dependent food chain model that considers
species bioenergetics and toxicant exposure through
water and food was developed. It was successfully ap-
plied to PCB contamination in the Lake Michigan lake
trout food chain represented by phytoplankton, Mysis,
alewife, and lake trout. The model indicated that for
the top predator lake trout, PCB exposure through the
food chain can account for greater than 99 percent of
the observed body burden. It was estimated that a cre-
terion specifying that PCB concentrations of all ages of
lake trout be at or below 5 micrograma/g (wet weight)
in the edible portion would require that dissolved PCB
concentrations be reduced to somewhere between 0.5
and 2.5 micrograms/l.
Keywords: 'Biphenyl, "Fishes, "Water pollution, "Lake
Michigan, Concentration(Composition), Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Food chains, Toxicity, Exposure,
Accumulation, Sediments, Mathematical models, Age,
Phytoplankton, Trout, Weight(Mass), Respiration,
Graphs(Charts), "Polychlorinated biphenyls, Biphenyl/
chloro.
PB84-156132/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Evaluation of Five Regulatory Decision-Making
Processes Affecting Puget Sound's Water Quality.
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
29 Nov 83, 167p JRB-2-834-03-760-28, EPA-910/9-
83-112
Contract EPA-68-01 -6348
Puget Sound is a complex and productive estuary with
a great diversity of resources. The realization of all its
potential may be difficult because of inherent conflicts
and competition between multiple uses. Government
agencies are responsible for regulating both resources
and uses. Much of this regulation overlaps between
agencies. This study investigates five decision-making
processes that affect water quality in Puget Sound.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Puget Sound, Govern-
ment policies, Regulations, Decision making, Dredg-
ing, Spoil, Environmental impacts, Fisheries, Sites, Li-
censes, Management, Shores, Ecology, State govern-
ment, National government, Local government, Navi-
gation, Constraints, Washington(State), "Ocean waste
disposal, Clean Water Amendments of 1981.
PB84-156157/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
Demonstration of Remedial Techniques against
Radon in Houses on Florida Phosphate Lands.
Final rept.,
American Atcon, Inc., Columbia, MD.
A. G. Scott, and W. O. Findlay. Jul 83,195p EPA-520/
5-83-009
Contract EPA-68-02-3559
This report is to document the results of an activity
which forms part of a program intended to demon-
strate means of controlling indoor radon levels in
structures built on Florida phosphate lands. The natu-
ral radon content of the soil is elevated in some parts
of the Florida phosphate lands, resulting in elevated
radon concentrations in the soil gas. If building con-
struction is such as to provide pathways, or routes of
entry, between the interior of the building and the soil
below, then this radon-bearing soil gas may enter the
building and result in elevated indoor levels. This
report therefore documents a review of current build-
ing practices, with the intention of identifying routes of
entry. Based upon this knowledge, certain modifica-
tions to building practices may be seen as a means of
reducing indoor radon levels.
Keywords: "Radioactivity, "Residential buildings,
"Houses, "Radon, "Foundations, Uranium, Soil prop-
erties, Concretes, Construction materials, Walls, Radi-
ation hazards, Design, Requirements, Ventilation, Ra-
dioactive contaminants, Phosphate deposits, Land
reclamation, Florida, "Indoor air pollution, Phosphate
mining, Radon 226, Building materials, Polk
County(Florida).
PB84-156264/HSU	PC A25/MF A01
Wool Fiberglass Insulation Manufacturing Indus-
try - Background Information for Proposed Stand-
ards.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Dec 83, 576p EPA-450/3-83-002A
A Standard of Performance for the control of emis-
sions from wool fiberglass insulation manufacturing fa-
cilities is being proposed under authority of Section III
of the Clean Air Act. This standard would apply to new,
modified, or reconstructed wool fiberglass insulation
manufacturing lines that utilize the rotary spin forming
process and that commence construction on or after
the date of proposal of the regulation. This document
contains background information and environmental
and economic impact assessments of the regulatory
alternatives considered in developing the proposed
standard.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Standards, "Envi-
ronmental impact statements-draft, Regulations, Envi-
ronmental impacts, Economic impact, Insulation, As-
sessments, Revisions, Cost analysis, State govern-
ment, "Air pollution abatement, "Wool fiberglass insu-
lation.
PB84-156280/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
Effects of Photochemical Oxidants on Plants,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
R. Guderian, D. T. Tingey, and R. Rabe. Feb 84,426p
EPA-600/3-84-024
Prepared in cooperation with Essen Univ. (Gesamth-
ochschule) (Germany F.R.)., and Technische Hochs-
chule, Aachen (Germany, F.R.). Lehrstuhl fuer Lands-
chaftsoekologie und Landschaftsgestaltung.
Photochemical oxidants are found in 'photochemical
smog' which is a complex mixture of primary and sec-
ondary air pollutants. The photochemical oxidants are
secondary air pollutants formed by the action of sun-
light on nitrogen oxides and reactive hydrocarbons,
their precursors. The most important phytotoxic com-
ponents produced by these atmospheric photochemi-
cal reactions are ozone and peroxyacetyl nitrate. Oth-
erperoxy compounds, aldehydes, ketones, organic
and inorganic acids, aerosols, and nitrogen dioxide
also are formed. An analysis and evaluation of the
available literature was used to characterize the rela-
tionships among emissions, ambient concentrations,
effects and to identify the important controlling influ-
ences on the formation and effects of photochemical
oxidants. The ultimate protection of humans, animals,
plants, and materials from photochemical oxidant
injury requires reduction of the ambient concentration
of the particular air pollutant. The available emission
estimates for the precursor compounds indicate that,
at least for the foreseeable future, humans and the en-
vironment will continue to be impacted by photochemi-
cal oxidants. The material for this book was selected to
provide a basis for preventive measures at the emis-
sion source and at the site of impact; also to provide
researchers and students with a comprehensive infor-
mation base.
Keywords: "Oxidizers, "Photochemistry, "Air pollution,
"Plants(Botany), "Smog, Nitrogen oxides, Hydrocar-
bons, Ozone, Aldehydes, Acids, Aerosols, Nitrogen di-
oxide, Concentration(Composition), Ketones, "Air pol-
lution effects(Plants), "Air pollution abatement, Perox-
yacetyl nitrate.
PB84-156397/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Report to Congress: Nonpolnt Source Pollution In
the U.S. Final rept. Sep 83-Jan 84.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Jan 84,145p*
Prepared in cooperation with Synectics Group, Inc.,
Washington, DC.
The Report examines the nature and magnitude of
nonpoint source water quality problems in the U.S. and
outlines the key components of State strategies to pre-
vent and control such pollution. The focus of the
Report is the identification of high-payoff approaches
that are likely to result in the greatest water quality im-
provements.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "United States, Stream
pollution, Water pollution control, Sedimentation, Ero-
sion, Surface water runoff, State government, National
government. Local government, Forestry, Agriculture.
Construction, Urban areas, Cultivation, Mining, Vege-
tation, Soil conservation, Project planning, "Nonpoint
sources, Best management practices, Organic load-
ing.
PB84-156421/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Airborne Emission Control technology for the
Elemental Phosphorus Industry. Final rept.,
Science Applications, Inc., La Jolla, CA.
R. T. Stula, R. E. Belanger, C. L. Clary, R. F. May, and
M. E. Spaeth. Jan 84,412p
Contract EPA-68-01 -6429
Preliminary estimates by the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency (EPA) have indicated the potential for
significant radiation doses to individuals near elemen-
tal phosphorus plants. During plant operations radion-
uclides associated with particulates and volatile metal-
lic element radionuclides are released to the atmos-
phere. Of special interest are polonium-210 and lead-
210. The purpose of this work assignment is to apprise
EPA of the status of emission of radionuclides to the
atmosphere. This work assignment involves collection
of information on emission control technology related
to the development of standards under the Clean Air
Act. Each work task is designed as a chapter to be in-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
corporated into a Background Information Document
for the elemental phosphorus industry. Topics covered
include general description of the industry and identifi-
cation of plant-specific processes and emissions;
plant-specific emission control techniques and costs;
anticipated industry changes due to modernization, ex-
pansion, or process alterations; and definition of a
model elemental phosphorus plant representative of
those currently in operation. Three levels of control,
ranging from minimum to maximum application of
emission control techniques, are defined for the model
plant along with estimated emissions and equipment
costs.
Keywords: * Air pollution control, 'Radioactive con-
taminants, *lead isotopes, 'Polonium 210, 'Chemical
industry, Standards, Air pollution control equipment,
Substitutes, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Cost analysis, Technology, Phosphorus, "Phosphorus
industry, 'Lead 210, 'Phosphate rocks, Phosphate in-
dustry.
PB84-156439/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Costs and Air Quality Effects of Selected Alterna-
tives to Annual Open Field Burning in Northern
Idaho,
Engineering-Science, Inc., Boise, ID.
S. A. Freebum. Jun 83,245p EPA-910/9-83-113
This report focuses on methods to reduce emissions
from agricultural field burning through alternative post-
harvest treatments involving reduced burning. Annual
field burning is conducted by producers of Kentucky
blue-grass seed, and some cereal crops in northern
Idaho. From the analysis of the effects of reduced-
burning alternatives, the major findings were: (1) Air
contaminent emissions and net returns to growers
would be reduced in proportion to reductions in burn-
ing. The reduction in returns to producers would be
due to increased production costs, more frequently in-
curred establishment costs, and reduced seed yields;
(2) Increases in crop prices are not likely to be suffi-
cient to offset the increased costs to farmers in the
near term; (3) Though maximizing residue removal
generally is best for yield retention and stand mainte-
nance, none of the three residue treatments (straw re-
moval, straw and stubble removal, no residue removal)
was clearly superior based upon an emission benefit-
to-cost analysis. The report recommends steps for the
most effective approach to making emission reduc-
tions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Cost analysis, Sub-
stitutes, Field tests, Idaho, Ecology, Agricultural prod-
ucts, Grain crops, Benefit cost analysis, Harvesting,
'Open burning, 'Air quality.
PB84-156462/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Emissions and Fuel Economy of Turbo-Carb, a
Retrofit Device. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
E. A. Barth. Aug 81,21 p EPA-AA-TEB-82-8
This report describes EPA's testing of the 'Turbo-Carb'
device as part of an evaluation under Section 511 of
the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act.
The evaluation of 'Turbo-Carb' device was conducted
at the request of the U.S. Postal Sen/ice. The 'Turbo-
Carb' device is a one-inch thick carburetor adapter
plate which inserts a mesh screen and swirl devices
between the carburetor and intake manifold. The
device is claimed to improve the preparation of the
fuel/air mixture and thereby improve fuel economy and
performance. Testing of three typical 1979 model year
passenger cars was conducted at EPA's Motor vehi-
cle Emission Laboratory from March through May
1982. The basic test sequence included the Federal
Test Procedure (FTP) and the Highway Fuel Economy
Test (HFT). These tests were performed both without
and with the Turbo-Carb Device installed. The overall
conclusion is that there is no reason to expect that the
Turbo-Carbo device will significantly improve fuel
economy or performance of a vehicle.
Keywords: "Fuel consumption, 'Exhaust emissions,
'Carburetors, 'Air pollution, Performance evaluation,
Motor vehicles. 'Turbo-carb device, Fuel-air ratio.
PB84-156470/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Portland Study. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
H. A. Ashby. Jun 82,17p EPA-AA-TEB-82-7
This report describes the two phases of the Portland
Study, a contractor operated vehicle emission test pro-
gram that was conducted in Portland, Oregon, over a
five-year period beginning in 1977. The report includes
information on the history of the program, the objec-
tives of the various tasks that were completed, pro-
gram design, and some of the problems encountered.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Motor
vehicles, Inspection, Oregon, Maintenance, Catalytic
reactors(Exhaust systems), Light duty vehicles,
Portland(Oregon).
PB84-156603/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Quantitative Relationship between Mutagenic and
Carcinogenic Potencies: A Feasibility Study.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
1983, 46p
Contract EPA-68-01 -5873
The report discusses (1) the somatic-mutation theory
of cancer, (2) the mutagenicity of carcinogenic com-
pounds and (3) the quantitative correlation between
mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. The Committee on
Chemical Environmental Mutagens concluded that fur-
ther research and analysis of data are necessary as a
basis for determining whether short-term mutagenicity
tests possibly car be used for quantitative prediction
of human carcinogenicity.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Malignant neoplasms, Feasi-
bility studies, Humans, 'Mutagenesis, 'Carcinogene-
sis, Cancer.
PB84-156694/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
V.
Surface Water Management; Financing Local Man-
agement Programs,
Metropolitan Council, St. Paul, MN.
M. Jouseau. Oct 83,43p* PUB-10-83-143
Grant EPA-P-005610-01
In deciding which financing scheme should be used for
surface water management, the governmental units
and watershed organizations must determine who
should bear the burden of payment: those who benefit
from improved drainage, better flood protection and
better water quality, or those who contribute to the
problems, or some mix of each. Those assessing costs
should be careful to analyze the impact of the financ-
ing scheme on the individuals or classes of individuals
and to determine whether the scheme is equitable and
efficient. This report examines briefly the steps that
must be addressed in the financial analysis when de-
veloping a surface water management program. The
report deals with three areas of particular importance:
financing principles, sources of expenditures, and po-
tential financing mechanisms.
Keywords: "Financing, 'Surface water runoff, 'Urban
areas, Management, Project planning, Economic
impact, State government, Licenses, Assessments,
Revenue, Local government, Drainage, Design, Manu-
als, Law enforcement, Rates(Costs), Taxes, Water
pollution control, Nonpoint sources, "Storm water
runoff, User charges.
PB84-156702/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
V.
Surface Water Management Management Prac-
tices Evaluation. Finaf rept.,
Metropolitan Council, St. Paul, MN.
A. Haak, and G. L. Oberts. Dec 83,225p PUB-10-83-
144
Grant EPA-P-005610-01
This report provides information on the water quantity
and quality effectiveness of all commonly used man-
agement practices. The practices are discussed as
they apply to urban and agricultural areas, and are
broken into groups of related practices. Each practice
is described and the purpose is discussed, followed by
a brief discussion of the target pollutants for which the
practice should be used. Planning and design consid-
erations, including costs, are presented.
Keywords: 'Surface waters, 'Water pollution, Water
quality management, Urban areas, Rural areas, Farms,
Cost analysis, Land use planning, Sewers, Flushing,
Streets, Cleaning, Fertilizers, Erosion control, Slopes,
Drainage, Fluid infiltration, Subsurface drainage, Soil
conservation, Soil stabilization, Embankments, Live-
stock, 'Nonpoint sources.
PB84-156777/HSU	PC E99
Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter and
Sulfur Oxides.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Dec 82,1519p-in3v*
Set includes PB84-156785 through PB84-156801.
No abstract is available.
PB84-156785/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter and
Sulfur Oxides. Volume 1. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Dec 82, 209p EPA-600/8-82-029A-F
See also PB84-156793.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB84-
156777.
The document evaluates and assesses scientific infor-
mation on the health and welfare effects associated
with exposure to various concentrations of sulfur
oxides and particulate matter in ambient air. The litera-
ture through 1980-81 has been reviewed thoroughly
for information relevant to air quality criteria, the docu-
ment is not intended as a complete and detailed
review of all literature pertaining to sulfur oxides and
particulate matter. An attempt has been made to iden-
tify the major discrepancies in our current knowledge
and understanding of the effects of these polluentant.
Although this document is principally concerned with
the health and welfare effects of sulfur oxides and par-
ticulate matter, other scientific data are presented and
evaluated in order to provide a better understanding of
these pollutants in the environment. To this end, the
document includes chapters that discuss the chemis-
try and physics of the pollutants; analytical techniques;
sources; and types of emissions; environmental con-
centrations and exposure levels; atmospheric chemis-
try and dispersion modeling; acidic deposition; effects
on vegetation; effects on visibility, climate, and materi-
als; and respiratory, physiological, toxicological, clini-
cal, and epidemiological aspects of human exposure.
Keywords: "Sulfur oxides, "Particles, "Public health,
"Air pollution, Exposure, Concentratlon(Composition),
Sources, Chemical analysis, Vegetation, Dispersion,
Toxicology, Humans, Epidemiology, Visibility, Climate,
"Air quality, 'Air pollution effects(Humans), Air pollu-
tion effects(Materials), Air pollution effects(Plants), At-
mospheric chemistry.
PB84-156793/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter and
Sulfur Oxides. Volume 2. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Dec 82,624p* EPA-600/8-82-029B-F
See also PB84-156785 and PB84-156801, and PB84-
120401.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB84-
156777.
The document evaluates and assesses scientific infor-
mation on the health and welfare effects associated
with exposure to various concentrations of sulfur
oxides and particulate matter in ambient air. The litera-
ture through 1980-81 has been reviewed thoroughly
for information relevant to air quality criteria, although
the document is not intended as a complete and de-
tailed review of all literature pertaining to sulfur oxides
and particulate matter. An attempt has been made to
identify the major discrepancies in our current knowl-
edge and understanding of the effects of these pollut-
ants. Although this document is principally concerned
with the health and welfare effects of sulfur oxides and
particulate matter, other scientific data are presented
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
and evaluated in order to provide a better understand-
ing of these pollutants in the environment. To this end,
the document includes chapters that discuss the
chemistry and physics of the pollutants; analytical
techniques; sources; and types of emissions; environ-
mental concentrations and exposure levels; atmos-
pheric chemistry and dispersion modeling; acidic dep-
osition; effects on vegetation; effects on visibility, cli-
mate, and materials; and respiratory, physiological,
toxicological, clinical, and epidemiological aspects of
human exposure.
Keywords: "Particles, 'Sulfur oxides, *Air pollution.
Sources, Concentration(Composition), Chemical anal-
ysis, Toxicology, Visibility, Climate, Vegetation,
Humans, "Air quality, "Air pollution effects(Humans),
Air pollution effects(Materials), Air pollution
effects(Plants), Atmospheric chemistry.
PB84-156801/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter and
Sulfur Oxides. Volume 3. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Dec 82,686p" EPA-600/8-82-029C-F
See also PB84-156793.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB84-
156777.
The document evaluates and assesses scientific infor-
mation on the health and welfare effects associated
with exposure to various concentrations of sulfur
oxides and particulate matter in ambient air. The litera-
ture through 1980-81 has been reviewed thoroughly
for information relevant to air quality criteria, although
the document is not intended as a complete and de-
tailed review of all literature pertaining to sulfur oxides
and particulate matter. An attempt has been made to
identify the major discrepancies in our current knowl-
edge and understanding of the effects of these pollut-
ants. Although this document is principally concerned
with the health and welfare effects of sulfur oxides and
particulate matter, other scientific data are presented
and evaluated in order to provide a better understand-
ing of these pollutants in the environment. To this end,
the document includes chapters that discuss the
chemistry and physics of the pollutants; analytical
techniques; sources; and types of emissions; environ-
mental concentrations and exposure levels; atmos-
pheric chemistry and dispersion modeling; acidic dep-
osition; effects on vegetation; effects on visibility, cli-
mate, and materials; and respiratory, physiological,
toxicological, clinical, and epidemiological aspects of
human exposure.
Keywords: "Sulfur oxides, "Particles, "Public health,
"Air pollution, Exposure, Concentration(Composition),
Sources, Chemical analysis, Vegetation, Dispersion,
Toxicology, Humans, Epidemiology, Visibility, Climate,
"Air quality, "Air pollution effects(Humans), Air pollu-
tion effects(Materials), Air pollution effects(Plants), At-
mospheric chemistry.
PB84-156884/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Construction Grants Delegation and Overview
Guidance.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Dec 83, 63p
The purpose of this document is to integrate into one
package all the relevant regulatory requirements,
policy, and guidance for the management of the con-
struction grants program delegation under Section
205(g) of the Clean Water Act.
Keywords: "Construction, "Regulations, "Grants, Re-
quirements, Policies, State government, Manuals, En-
vironments.
PB84-156918/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Prediction of Chemical Accumulation by Fish.
Final rept.,
Argonne National Lab., IL.
S A. Spigarelli, M. M. Thommes, and A. L. Jensen. Jan
82,47p ANL/ERC-82-09
Prepared in cooperation with Michigan Univ., Ann
Arbor. School of Natural Resources. Sponsored in part
by Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL.
Great Lakes National Program Office.
84 Vol. 90, No. 24
A bioenergetics model was used to project the accu-
mulation of lipophilic contaminants and to study the
factors affecting uptake by Great Lakes fishes. Projec-
tions were compared with observed concentrations re-
ported by monitoring agencies. Initial estimates for
some model parameters were not applicable to all spe-
cies, and adjustments of metabolic parameters were
necessary to duplicate uptake kinetics among species.
The exponent (on weight) for metabolic rate, lipid con-
tent, pollutant partitioning and caloric values of con-
sumer and food were parameters that greatly affected
the shape and rate of change in uptake curves. Bioac-
cumulation factors for any of the tested chemicals
varied 1-2 orders of magnitude among species within
an ecosystem, and typically exceed those predicted by
the log BCF-log P regression by 1 -2 orders of magni-
tude.
Keywords: "Fresh water fishes, "Chlorine organic
compounds, "Water pollution, "Great Lakes, Accumu-
lation, Food consumption, Metabolism, Growth, Math-
ematical models, Biphenyl, Dieldrin,
Concentration(Composition), Chlorine aliphatic com-
pounds, Lipids, Calorific value, "Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls, Biphenyl/chloro, Mirex, Kepone, HCB.
PB84-157064/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Technology Evaluation for Priority Pollutant Re-
moval from Dyestuff Manufacture Wastewaters,
Clemson Univ., SC. Dept. of Environmental Systems
Engineering.
T. M. Keinath. Feb 84, 146p EPA-600/2-84-055
Grant EPA-R-807145
Laboratory-scale studies were conducted to establish
the technical feasibility of employing certain process-
es, including ozonation, GAC adsorption and biophys-
ical (PACT) treatment, for the treatment of dyestuff
manufacture wastewaters with special focus on the re-
moval of organic priority pollutants. The GAC adsorp-
tion studies showed that GAC provided for excellent
removals of both color and priority pollutants but
cannot be expected to concomitantly provide for high
levels of SOC removal due to comparatively high
levels of non-adsorption organics that occasionally are
present in dyestuff manufacture wastewaters. Excel-
lent removals of organic priority pollutants were
achieved by the PACT process. In addition, SOC and
color removals were enhanced by the addition of PAC
to an activated sludge system, generally in direct rela-
tion to the steady-state concentration of PAC in the re-
actor. Although ozonation provided for the removal of
many organic priority pollutants to levels below detect-
ability, some proved to be comparatively resistant to
oxidation by ozone. As for GAC and the PACT proc-
ess, ozonation provided excellent color removals. Only
moderate organic carbon removals were achieved by
ozonolysis, however. A priority pollutants survey
showed the presence of a total of 23 organic priority
pollutants in the raw wastewaters. With the exception
of methylene chloride, removal levels of volatile organ-
ic priority pollutants generally exceeded 95 percent.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Dyes, Technolo-
gy, Laboratory equipment, Feasibility, Adsorption,
Ozonization, Industrial waste treatment, "Volatile or-
ganic compounds, "Color removal, Granular activated
carbon treatment, Biological industrial waste treat-
ment, Physical treatment.
PB84-1S7072/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Profile of Existing Hazardous Waste Incineration
Facilities and Manufacturers in the United States.
Final rept.,
MITRE Corp., McLean, VA.
E. Keitz, G. Vogel, R. Holberger, and L. Boberschmidt.
Feb 84,167p* EPA-600/2-84-052
Contract EPA-68-03-3021
A wide variety of technical data pertaining to hazard-
ous waste incinerators has been obtained both from
incinerator manufacturers and facilities operating haz-
ardous waste incinerators. This document discusses
the data gathering and verification procedures and
presents tabulations of the data. It is estimated that
there are approximately 350 operational hazardous
waste incinerators at 270 facilities in the United States
which are subject to regulation under the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Incinerators, "Man-
ufacturers, "Solid waste disposal, United States, Pro-
files, Regulations, Air pollution control equipment,
Tables(Data), "Liquid waste disposal, "Toxic sub-
stances, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Listings.
PB84-157148/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA. Technolo-
gy Development and Applications Branch.
MINTEQ-A Computer Program for Calculating
Aqueous Geochemical Equilibria. Final rept. Sep
81-Aug 83,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
A. R. Felmy, D. C. Girvin, and E. A. Jenne. Feb 84,98p
EPA-600/3-84-032
Contract EPA-68-03-3089
MINTEO is a computer program for computation of
geochemical equilibria. MINTEQ was developed for in-
corporation into the Metals Exposure Analysis Model-
ing System (MEXAMS), a modeling system for the as-
sessment of the fate and migration of selected priority
pollutant metals in aquatic systems. MINTEQ com-
bines the best features of two existing geochemical
models MINEQL and WATEQ3. The mathematical
structure was taken from MINEQL. The WATEQ3 fea-
tures were added to this basic structure. The main fea-
tures obtained from WATEQ3 are the well referenced
thermodynamic data base, temperature correction of
equilibrium constants using either the Van't Hoff rela-
tionship or analytical expressions for the equilibium
constants as a function of temperature and ionic
strength correction using either the extended Debye-
Huckel equation or the Davies equation. Six different
adsorption algorithms: an 'activity' Kd, an 'activity'
Langmuir equation, an 'activity' Freundlich equation,
an ion exchange algorithm, a constant capacitance
surface complexation model, and the triple layer sur-
face complexation model. In addition, a large number
of user oriented features such as the ability to handle
alkalinity inputs, an initial mass of solid, and different
analytical inputs were incorporated.
Keywords: "Geochemistry, "Chemical equilibrium,
"Mathematical models, "Environmental surveys,
"Water pollution, "Metals, Computer programs, As-
sessments, Thermodynamics, Adsorption, Transport
properties, "Path of pollutants, MINTEQ computer pro-
gram, Debye-Huckel theory, Metals exposure analysis
models.
PB84-157155/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA. Technolo-
gy Development and Applications Branch.
MEXAMS (Metal* Exposure Analysis Modeling
System). Final rept. Sep 81-Aug 83,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
A. R. Felmy, S. M. Brown, Y. Onishi, S. B. Yabusaki,
and R. S. Argo. Feb 84,185p EPA-600/3-84-031
Contract EPA-68-03-3089
MEXAMS, the Metals Exposure Analysis Modeling
System, provides an enhanced capability for assess-
ing the impact of priority pollutant metals on aquatic
systems. It allows the user to consider the complex
chemistry affecting the behavior of metals in conjunc-
tion with the transport processes that affect their mi-
gration and fate. This is accomplished by linking
MINTEQ, a geochemical model, with EXAMS, an
aquatic exposure assessment model. MINTEQ is a
thermodynamic equilibrium model that computes
aqueous speciation, adsorption and precipitation/dis-
solution of solid phases, it has a well-documented
thermodynamic data base that contains equilibrium
constants and other accessory data for seven priority
pollutant metals: arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead,
nickel, silver and zinc. The model was developed by
combining the best features of two other existing geo-
chemical models MINEQL and WATEQ3. EXAMS is
designed for the rapid evaluation of synthetic organic
pollutants. Given the characteristics of a pollutant and
an aquatic system, EXAMS computes steady-state
pollutant concentrations (exposure), the distribution of
the pollutant in the system (fate), and the time required
for effective purification of the system (persistence). Its
linkage to MINTEQ required several modifications. To
facilitate the use of MEXAMS, a user interactive pro-
gram was developed. This program queries the user to
obtain water quality data for MINTEQ, then controls
the operation of MINTEQ and EXAMS, passing simula-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Metals, "Water pollution, "Mathematical
models, Environmental surveys, Thermodynamics,
Concentration(Composition), Transport properties,
Adsorption, Environmental impacts, Activity coeffi-
cients, Surfaces, Revisions, Guidelines, Computer pro-
gramming, Computer programs, Solid phases, "Metals
exposure analysis models, Water quality, Path of pol-
lutants, MINTEQ computer program.
RB84-157247/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Guidance for Planning the Location of Water
Supply Intakes Downstream from Municipal
Wastewater Treatment Facilities. Technical rept.,
Culp/Wesner/Culp, El Dorado Hills, CA.
P. Tobin. Apr 78, 241p
Contract EPA-68-01-4473
The purpose of this report is to present information
and guidelines relevant to the location of surface water
supply intakes downstream from municipal wastewater
discharges. Decisions on the location of water supply
intakes must be made by informed professionals at the
local level after careful consideration of all factors and
this report is intended to provide information that will
be useful to local professional and review officials. The
report reviews the data required for evaluating intake
location, available stream modeling techniques, capa-
bility and costs of water and wastewater treatment
processes and the public health implications of up-
stream wastewater discharges.
Keywords: "Surface waters, "Water supply, "Sewage
disposal, Sewage treatment, Intake systems, Decision
making, Sites, Mathematical models, Cost analysis,
Public health, Municipalities, Streams,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Microbiology, Bacteria, Tur-
bidity, Metals, Activated carbon treatment, Clarifica-
tion, Trickling filters, Fluorides, Case studies.
PB84-157494/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Biologically Mediated Corrosion and Water Qual-
ity Deterioration in Distribution Systems. Final
rept.,
Missouri Univ.-Columbia.
J. T. O'Connor, and S. K, Banerji. Feb 84,444p EPA-
600/2-84-056
Grant EPA-R-804444
This project was designed to evaluate biologically me-
diated corrosion and changes in water quality in munic-
ipal water distribution systems. Methods employed in-
cluded a national questionnaire survey, analysis of
field samples and laboratory studies. The question-
naire confirmed the vast majority of all utilities sur-
veyed had water quality problems related to the distri-
bution system. Actual analysis of selected samples in-
dicated that generally there was an increase in the
number of heterotrophic bacteria in samples taken
from locations where water quality complaints were
numerous. Studies on steel, copper and PVC pipes
showed that steel pipes exhibited greater sediment ac-
cumulation, but the number of bacteria per unit area of
pipe surface was essentially the same for all three pipe
systems. The addition of microorganisms isolated from
pipe loop systems increased the rate of corrosion.
Keywords: "Corrosion, "Distribution systems, "Water
distribution, "Water pollution, "Municipalities, Water
pipelines, Steels, Copper, Polyvinyl chloride, Question-
naires, Oxygen, Dissolved gases, Microorganisms,
Corrosion prevention, Corrosion tests, Chemical analy-
sis, Microbiology, Cast iron, Chlorine, Bacteria.
PB84-157858/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Assessment of Innovative Technique* to Detect
Waste Impoundment Uner Failures. Final rept. Oct
80-Jun 82,
EarthTech Research Corp., Baltimore, MD.
M. J. Waller, and J. L. Davis. Feb 84,149p EPA-600/2-
84-041
Contract EPA-68-03-3029
The goal of the program was to identify and evaluate
nondestructive monitoring techniques for their ability
to detect a leak in either existing or planned waste im-
poundment liners. In the case of existing sites, any
technique that might improve the limitations of conven-
tional groundwater quality monitoring practices was
identified. Thus, any technique that can detect the
presence of leachate moving out from a site before it
actually contacts the grounwater was identified. In
planned sites, the 1 sq ft goal was identified as an ideal
to work toward. Approximately 28 candidate geophysi-
cal techniques were reviewed in the literature survey.
Of these, 20 were identified as having potential as leak
detection techniques and were assessed during the
ranking exercise.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, "Linings, "Leakage, Mon-
itoring, Failure, Ground water, Liquid wastes, Resistivi-
ty exploration, Seismic detection, Sites, Acoustic de-
tection, Geophysical prospecting, Plumes, "Impound-
ments.
PB84-157916/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Compliance Monitoring of Purgeable Organics
with Mass Spectrometry,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
A. Alford-Stevens. 1984,27p EPA-600/D-84-055
During the past two years two new Methods have been
approved for nationwide use for detection and meas-
urement of the four regulated trihalomethanes (THMs)
in drinking water. This increases to four the number of
available methods for compliance monitoring of THMs.
Two of those methods (numbers 501.1 and 501.2)
were published in the Federal Register in 1979 and
are, therefore, well known to drinking water analysts.
The purpose of this paper is to discuss monitoring with
the two new methods (numbers 501.3 and 524) and
the advantages and disadvantages of each.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water analysis, "Mass
spectroscopy, Chemical analysis, Gas chromatogra-
phy, Water pollution, Laboratory equipment, Design
criteria, Performance evaluation, Halogen organic
compounds, "Halomethanes, "Water pollution detec-
tion, Monitoring.
PB84-157932/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Acid Precipitation and Drinking Water Quality In
the Eastern United States. Final rept. Nov 81 -Jan
84,
New England Water Works Association, Dedham, MA.
F. Taylor, J. A. Taylor, G. E. Symons, J. J. Collins, and
M. R. Schock. Feb 84,195p* EPA-600/2-84-054
Grant EPA-R-807808
Prepared in cooperation with Illinois State Water
Survey Div., Champaign.
A research project was conducted to provide accurate
modern and historical data on drinking water quality
and the possible effect of acid precipitation on water
samples. Samples of source raw and finished water
were collected from more than 270 surface and
groundwater supplies in the New England States, New
York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Virgin-
ia, and North Carolina. The samples were analyzed at
EPA laboratories. Historical records were obtained
dating back to 1886. Acid rain may dissolve harmful
elements from soils and, indirectly, from water supply
distribution systems. Because soils can alter the char-
acter of acid rain through buffering, causal relation-
ships are difficult to identify. A helpful approach to this
problem is the use of indices of water supply sensitivity
and corrosiveness. Though solution products of acid
rain in water supply sources studied do not exceed
EPA Primary Drinking Water Regulations, a large
number of tests for aluminum showed levels that could
be of concern to patients using kidney dialysis.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Acidity, "Water pollution,
Sampling, Surface waters, Ground water, History, pH,
Standards, Laboratories, Sites. Quality control, Chemi-
cal analysis, Metals, Corrosion, Water quality, Acidifi-
cation, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, West Vir-
ginia, Virginia, North Carolina, "Acid precipitation,
Drinking water, New England.
PB84-157957/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Potential Analyzers of Toxic Material* for On-Line
U*e,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
J. F. Roesler. Jan 84,40p* EPA-800/D-84-042
There is no universal toxic monitor capable of monitor-
ing all materials that are toxic to humans. The best that
can be done is to qualitatively detect the presence of
the most likely toxic materials in certain applications. In
this paper, five classes of analyzers are reviewed that
are capable of detecting one or more toxic materials or
their surrogates. Recommendations are made to auto-
mate each of these systems for on-line operations.
The classes of analyzers as used in this paper are: life
function monitors, enzymatic response, respirometers,
organic halide monitors and specific monitoring for sur-
rogates using such equipment as on-line gas chroma-
tographs.
Keywords: "Analyzers, Equipment, Humans, "Toxic
substances, "Water pollution detection, "Monitors,
*On line systems.
PB84-158153/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Simulation Model for Watershed Management
Planning. Volume 1. Model Theory and Formula-
tion. Final rept. Apr 77-Oct 80,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Civil Engi-
neering.
D. B. Simons, R-M. Li, K. G. Eggert, J. N-H. Ho, and W.
T. Fullerton. Feb 84,211p EPA-600/3-84-028A
Grant EPA-R-805131
See also Volume 2, PB84-158161.
Evaluation of nonpoint source pollution problems re-
quires an understanding of the behavioral response to
an ecosystem to the impacts of land use activities on
individual components of that ecosystem. By analyzing
basic ecosystem processes and Impacts of land use
activities on specific factors governing production and
transport of nonpoint source pollution, it is possible to
predict cause-effect relationships between these ac-
tivities and water quality. To facilitate these predic-
tions, a simulation model for evaluation of alternative
agricultural and silvicultural practices as a function of
both environmental and management parameters was
developed. Nonpoint source pollution from these ac-
tivities and events may include loading of streams by:
sediment from surface erosion, mass wasting, channel
bottom and bank erosion; thermal energy; biological
oxygen demanding contaminants; organic debris; nu-
trients and dissolved solids; pesticides; and other
waste materials either in solution or adsorbed tp sedi-
ments. The model consists of a soil-plant-atmospheric
water component for adjusting soil moisture as a func-
tion of evaporation, evapotranspiration, soil-water hy-
draulics, and snowmelt.
Keywords: "Land use, "Watersheds, "Water pollution,
"Agriculture, "Forestry, Fluid infiltration, Mathematical
models, Sediment transport, Water flow, Stream ero-
sion, Embankments, Nutrients, Nitrification, Adsorp-
tion, Temperature, Surface water runoff, Snowmelt,
Radiation, Water balance, Evapotranspiration, Bio-
chemical oxygen demand, Soil water plant relation-
ships, "Nonpoint sources.
PB84-158161/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Simulation Model for Watershed Management
Planning. Volume 2. Model Uaer Manual. Final rept.
Apr 77-Oct 80,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Civil Engi-
neering.
D. B. Simons, R-M. Li, K. G. Eggert, J. N-H. Ho, and W.
T. Fullerton. Feb 84,407p EPA-600/3-84-028B
Grant EPA-R-805131
See also Volume 1, PB84-158153.
This report provides a user manual for the hydrologic,
nonpoint source pollution simulation of the generalized
planning model for evaluating forest and farming man-
agement alternatives. The manual contains an expla-
nation of application of specific code and indicates
changes that should be considered when applying the
simulation to different watersheds. Two example appli-
cations of the model are included to illustrate model
sensitivity to management alternatives. A timber har-
vest example composes the undisturbed watershed
with clear-cut logging with balloon, high lead, and trac-
tor transport. A grazing activity example compares ro-
tation and heavy continuous grazing alternatives. The
manual appendices contain all program listings and
job control language for the CDC CYBER 172.
Keywords: "Land use, 'Watersheds, "Agriculture,
"Water pollution, "Forestry, Programming manuals,
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Structural timber, Harvesting, Grazing land, Fluid infil-
tration, Mathematical models, Snowmelt, Computer
programs, Evapotranspiration, Flow charting, 'Non-
point sources, Forest management.
PB84-158302/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Emissions Measurement and Charac-
terization Div.
User's Manual for the Plume Visibility Model
(PLUVUE II). Final rept. 23 Feb-29 Aug 83,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
C. Seigneur, C. D. Johnson, D. A. Latimer, R. W.
Bergstrom, and H. Hogo. Feb 84,293p EPA-600/8-84-
005
See also PB81-163297.
This publication contains information about the com-
puter programs for the Plume Visibility Model PLUVUE
II. A technical overview of PLUVUE II and the results of
model evaluation studies are presented. The source
code of PLUVUE II, as well as two sets of input and
output data, is provided. This model is based on Gaus-
sian dispersion assumptions, chemical reactions of
plumes in nonurban atmospheres, light scattering and
absorption characteristics of aerosols and gases, and
radiative transfer along different lines of sight.
PLUVUE II differs from the original Plume Visibility
Model (PLUVUE) by an improved treatment of multiple
scattering of light by aerosols and the incorporation of
light absorption by carbonaceous aerosols. PLUVUE II
is applicable to assessing visibility impairment due to
pollutants emitted from well-defined point sources.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Visibility, 'Mathematical
models, "Manuals, Light scattering, Absorption, Aero-
sols, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur oxides, Transport proper-
ties, Computer programs, Chemical reactions, 'Plume
visibility model, "User manuals(Computer programs),
Point sources, Atmospheric chemistry.
PB84-158328/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Water Treatment Model tor Pollutant Exposure
Assessment: System Documentation and Users
Manual. Final rept. Jan 79-Aug 83,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
K. F. Hedden. Feb 84, 56p EPA-600/3-84-034
See also PB80-223621.
A mathematical model of potable water treatment to
remove toxic substances has been developed for use
in exposure assessment modeling. Treatment proc-
esses modeled include sedimentation, coagulation-
flocculation, filtration, aeration, chemical oxidation,
and granular activated carbon adsorption. Besides de-
scribing the use of the program, this users manual pre-
sents example runs of the model.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Mathematical models,
Potable water, Exposure, Assessments, Sedimenta-
tion, Coagulation, Flocculation, Filtration, Aeration, Ox-
idation, Adsorption, Computer programs, Granular ac-
tivated carbon treatment.
PB84-158336/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Process Gas Chromatography Study of a Selexol
Acid Qas Removal System. Final rept. Mar-Sep 82,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
W. A. Williams. Jan 84,81 p EPA-600/7-84-007
Contract EPA-68-02-3137
The report gives results of continuous compositional
monitoring by process gas chromatography (GC) for
three gas streams associated with the Selexol acid gas
removal system at the Bi-Gas pilot plant in Homer City,
PA. Data were obtained from the inlet and outlet
streams of the Selexol system during tests in April and
May 1982. Product gas composition data were logged
for 55 hours of plant operation. The Bi-Gas pilot plant,
utilizing a two-stage, entrained-bed, high-pressure
slagging gasifier, produces a product gas tnat is low in
tars and heavy oils. This gas stream required very little
cleanup prior to instrumental analysis. However, some
problems were encountered in the analysis of the Se-
lexol acid gas stream due to the presence of high
levels of naphthalene. The process gas chromato-
graphs performed well and remained very stable
during the tests. Material balances based on GC analy-
ses and process flow rate data show a high degree o
material accountability. The H2S removal efficiency of
the Selexol absorber was about 99% during the tests.
Keywords: * Air pollution control equipment, 'Gas
chromatography, 'Gas analysis, 'Hydrogen sulfide,
'Absorbers(Equipment), Chemical analysis, Coal gas-
ification, Sampling, Performance evaluation, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, 'Air pollution detection,
'Selexol acid gas removal systems, Monitoring.
PB84-158344/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Disposition of Anthracene in the Water and Auf-
wuchs Matrices of a Large Outdoor Channel Mi-
crocosm: A Data Set for Mathematical Simulation
Models. Final rept. Jun 81-Sep 82,
Savannah River Ecology Lab., Aiken, SC.
J. W. Bowling, J. D. Haddock, and P. M. Allred. Feb 84,
73p EPA-600/3-84-036
Large-scale, outdoor microcosms were used to study
the late of anthracene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocar-
bon, in the aquatic environment. The study provides a
data set for describing the disposition of anthracene in
the water and aufwuchs of the microcosms for the pur-
pose of comparison with existing laboratory informa-
tion and as an aid in refining and validating EPA's Ex-
posure Analysis Modeling System and other computer
models. Such models are used to estimate the expo-
sure, fate, and persistence of synthetic organic chemi-
cals in natural waters using easily measured physical
and chemical properties of the compounds and the
ecosystems. The major loss of anthracene from the
channel was due to photolysis, with some loss attribut-
able to volatilization.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, "Anthracenes, "Mathe-
matical models, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Ex-
posure, Physical properties, Chemical properties, Pho-
tolysis, Sampling, "Path of pollutants, "Microcosms,
Ecosystems, Aufwuchs.
PB84-158500/HSU	PCS200.00
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Publica-
tions Bibliography 1977-1983. Part 1. Report Sum-
maries. Part 2. Indexes.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Administration.
Dec 83, 3000p
See also PB83-904200.
This bibliography consolidates into one publication all
reports previously published in the EPA Publications
Bibliography, Quarterly Abstract Bulletin from its incep-
tion in 1977 through 1983. It is published in two parts.
Part 1 contains bibliographic citations with abstracts.
Part 2 contains seven indexes: Title, Keyword, Spon-
soring EPA Office, Corporate Author, Personal Author,
Contract/Grant Number and NTIS Order/Report
Number. The EPA Cumulative Bibliography, 1970-
1976, published in December 1976 (order number PB-
265920, price code E99) is a similar publication con-
taining reports generated by EPA and its predecessor
agencies and entered into the NTIS collection from
1970 through 1976. It does not include a Sponsoring
EPA Office Index. The EPA Publications Bibliography,
Quarterly Abstract Bulletin supplements these two cu-
mulations and is published as an ongoing subscription
service. These three publications should provide suffi-
cient information for any user to identify any EPA
report desired. Copies of individual reports are avail-
able in either hard copy or on microfiche. Prices for re-
ports listed with NTIS price codes may be determined
by consulting the price code list published in the most
recent EPA Publications Bibliography, Quarterly Ab-
stract Bulletin or by requesting a current schedule from
NTIS. NTIS will also provide the EPA reports in micro-
fiche as a set, retrospectively or on an ongoing basis,
through its Selected Research in Microfiche program.
Cost figures may be obtained from NTIS.
Keywords: "Pollution, "Environmental surveys, "Bib-
liographies, Water pollution, Air pollution, Solid waste
disposal, Abstracts, Pesticides, Noise pollution, Haz-
ardous materials, Management planning, Subject in-
dexing, Authors, Toxicology, "Environmental Protec-
tion agency, Announcement bulletins. Land pollution,
Liquid wastes, Solid wastes.
PB84-158807/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Design and Development of a Hazardous Waste
Reactivity Testing Protocol. Final rept. Jun 82-Aug
83,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
C. D. Wolbach, R. R. Whitney, and U. B. Spannagel.
Feb 84,155p" EPA-600/2-84-057
Contract EPA-68-02-3176
A test protocol to determine the gross chemical com-
position of waste materials has been developed for
use at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. Included is
a field test kit, flow diagrams, a descriptive manual and
a mixing device to observe the effects of mixing two
hazardous wastes. Prior knowledge of the chemical
composition of the waste materials is not required for
this protocol. Unidentified wastes were classified by
reactivity groups using this test scheme in the labora-
tory and in the field. Small amounts of wastes that indi-
cated compatibility were placed in the mixing device to
verify that mixing would not generate immediate cata-
strophic results.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Chemical analysis,
'Solid waste disposal, "Chemical compounds, Field
tests, Safety, Laboratory equipment, Process charting,
Tables(Data), Reference materials, Procedures.
PB84-158856/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Volatilization of Organic Pollutants in Wastewater
Treatment: Model Studies,
Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
P. V. Roberts, C. Munz, P. Daendliker, and C. Matter-
Mueller. Feb 84,172p EPA-600/2-84-047
Grant EPA-R-806631
Methods are presented for simulating the transfer of
volatile organic contaminants to the atmosphere
during surface and bubble aeration. Suitable values of
the input parameters for conditions representative of
activated sludge treatment are suggested, and model
calculations are presented. The effects of important
variables such as oxygen transfer requirement, the so-
lute's Henry coefficient, and the oxygen transfer effi-
ciency are illustrated by the calculations. Transfer of
volatile organics to the atmosphere is to predicted to
be substantially greater In surface aeration than in
bubble aeration for a given oxygen transfer rate under
conditions of practical interest. This difference is attrib-
uted to greater saturation of the gas phase in bubble
aeration, compared to surface aeration. The transfer
of organic solutes to the atmosphere in bubble aer-
ation decreases with increasing oxygen transfer effi-
ciency, if the oxygen transfer requirement is held con-
stant, as a consequence of the concomitant decrease
in the required air flow rate.
Keywords: "Air water interactions, "Aeration, "Mathe-
matical models, "Water pollution control. Mass trans-
fer, Surfaces, Air pollution, Henrys law, Laboratory
equipment, "Volatile organic compounds, Publicly
owned wastewater treatment, Numerical solution.
PB84-158880/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Field Manual for Plunging Water Jet Use in Oil
Spill Cleanup. Final rept. Sep 82-Jul 83,
Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc., Leonardo,
NJ.
J. H. Nash. Feb 84,27p EPA-600/2-84-045
Contract EPA-68-03-3056
The use of plunging water jets can often make possi-
ble the control (and, as a consequence, the cleanup)
of spilled oil and other floating pollutants in currents
too swift for conventional equipment. This short, illus-
trated manual provides practical information for field
and planning personnel on the principles of plunging
water jet operation, rapid fabrication of the equipment
(from readily available materials), and use in the field.
Water jets aimed vertically downwards from above the
water surface carry entrained air into the water
column. The expansion of this air returning to the sur-
face generates a horizontal surface current which car-
ries the floating pollutant laterally relative to the direc-
tion of stream flow. This lateral motion can be used in a
diversionary manner to carry the floating pollutant into
naturally occurring regions of the low flow, where con-
ventional equipment works efficiently. This system is
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
relatively unaffected by waves and works well in cur-
rents up to at least 6 knots.
Keywords: "Hydraulic jets, *Oil pollution, 'Water pollu-
tion control, Manuals, Field tests, Performance evalua-
tion, Ocean waves. Floating bodies, Ocean currents,
Water supply, Pumps, Water traffic, Spray nozzles,
Containment, Booms(Equipment), *Oil spills, Cleanup.
PB84-158898/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Characterization of Sewage Sludge and Sewage
Sludge-Soil Systems. Final rept. 1976-83,
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN. Dept. of Agronomy.
L. E. Sommers, D. W. Nelson, A. W. Kirleis, S. D.
Strachan, and J. C. Inman. Feb 84, 351p EPA-600/2-
84-046
Grant EPA-R-804547
Field and laboratory studies were conducted to char-
acterize the chemical properties of municipal sewage
sludges, to evaluate the fate of sludge components in
soils, and to determine the distribution of trace metals
in milling fractions of grains grown on sludge-treated
soils.
Keywords: "Soil chemistry, 'Sludge disposal, Chemi-
cal bonds, Chemical properties, Metals, Humic acids,
Nitrification, Soils, Decomposition, Carbon dioxide,
Field tests. Inorganic compounds. Carbonates, Wheat
plants, Cadmium, Corn plants, Soybean plants,
Concentration(Composition), Mathematical models,
Infrared spectra, Humus, Electron paramagnetic reso-
nance, Copper, pH, Iron, 'Land application, Trace
metals, Heavy metals.
PB84-158989/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance tor the Rereglstration of Pesticide
Products Containing NALED as the Active Ingredi-
ent.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Jun 83,102p EPA/540-RS-83-004
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Labels, Regulations, Chlorine
organic compounds, Genetics, Hazards, Chemical
properties, Bibliography, Standards, 'Registration,
'Naled, Phosphoric acid/dibromo-dichloro-(dimethyl-
ester).
PB84-159029/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Application of a Spray Deposition Method for Re-
versed Phase Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spec-
trometry. Final rept.,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
A. D. Thurston, Jr. Feb 84,18p EPA-600/4-84-011
Four coal gasification wastewater samples were ana-
lyzed for nonvolatile and polar organics by liquid chro-
matography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Samples
were separated on a reverse phase liquid chromato-
graphic column using an aqueous solvent as the
eluant. A special spray deposition device was con-
structed to spray the LC effluent as an aerosol on a
Finnigan moving belt LC/MS interface. The evaporat-
ed solute on the belt was fed directly to an MS for
spectral analysis. In addition to several common or-
ganics such as phenol, guaiacol, methyl and dimethyl
phenols, seven polar compounds were found, and the
mass spectrum of each of these was obtained. They
could not be identified, however, using available litera-
ture or data bases. The LC aerosol deposition device
constructed for the study shows good potential for in-
troducing aqueous eluants on a moving belt LC/MS
interface.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Spraying, 'Water pollu-
tion, Chemical analysis, Mass spectroscopy, Coal gas-
ification, Industrial wastes, 'Water pollution detection,
Reversed phase liquid chromatography.
PB84-159193/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Trial Burn Protocol Verification at a Hazardous
Waste Incinerator. Summary rept. (Final),
Rockwell International, Newbury Park, CA.
P. G. Gorman, and K. P. Ananth. Feb 84,252p EPA-
600/2-84-048
Contract EPA-68-03-3014
Prepared by Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
This full and summary report presents the results of a
series of field performance tests supported by EPA
conducted to (1) verify EPA hazardous waste incinera-
tor trial burn protocol by actual on-site use and (2) to
document actual field incinerator performance on a
typical operating, state-of-the-art incinerator destroy-
ing real-world toxic and hazardous industrial waste.
The results of EPA's testing series reported here
showed a number of interesting features associated
with modern industrial liquid and solid waste inciner-
ation technology. First, EPA's testing protocols were
proven essentially workable in the field except for
highly volatile and very low (eg. under 100-300ppm)
concentrations of principle organic hazardous con-
stituents. Secondly, this incinerator, the Hamilton
County, Ohio Metropolitan Sewer District (Cincinnati
MSD) unit essentially met current EPA regulatory
policy except for inert particulates in most circum-
stances. The overall activity also quantified costs of
conducting typical trial burns for this and similar units.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Incinerators, "Solid
waste disposal, Field tests, Performance evaluation,
Licenses, "Liquid waste disposal, State of the art. Pro-
cedures.
PB84-1S9227/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of Low Emission Coal Burner Technol-
ogy on Industrial Boilers. Annual rept. no. 2, Oct 79-
Sep 80,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
B. A.Folsom, L. P. Nelson, A. R. Abele, J. L. Reese,
and J. VatSky. Feb 84, 128pEPA-600/7-84-024B
Contract EPA-68-02-3127
Prepared in cooperation with Foster Wheeler Energy
Corp., Livingston, NJ.
The report summarizes the second year's effort under
EPA Contract 68-02-3127. The objective of the pro-
gram is to conduct field evaluations of the distributed
mixing burner (DMB) on two industrial size boilers. The
DMB concept provides for controlled mixing of coal
with combustion air to minimize NOx emissions emis-
sions, while maintaining an overall oxidizing environ-
ment in the furnace to minimize slagging and corro-
sion. Major accomplishments in 1980 included prepa-
ration of a measurements protocol that specifies all
measurements to be made during the program, base-
line tests of the initial host boiler, and initial tests of a
prototype DMB designed for the host boiler.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Burners, "Boilers,
'Nitrogen oxides, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, 'Distrib-
uted mixing burners.
PB84-1S9243/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation and Demonstration of the Chemically
Active Fluid Bed. Final rept. May 75-Jul 81,
GCA Corp., Chapel Hill, NC. GCA Technology Div.
R. E. Sommer, A. S. Werner, and Z. Kowszun. Feb 84,
222p GCA-TR-CH-83-04, EPA-600/7-84-031
Contract EPA-68-02-3168
Prepared in cooperation with Esso Research Centre,
Abingdon, Oxfordshire (England).
The report gives results of the operation of a 17-MW
Chemically Active Fluid Bed (CAFB) demonstration
unit, retrofitted to a natural gas boiler. The CAFB proc-
ess gasifies high-sulfur, high-metals-content liquid and
solid fuels. Residual oil, lignite, and bituminous coal
were gasified separately or together between Novem-
ber 1979 and June 1981. Design and operational
areas where upgrading would be beneficial were iden-
tified. Continuous monitors were used to measure
boiler flue gas emissions of S02, NOx, CO, oxygen,
C02, and opacity. Periodic manual emission tests
were conducted for particulate, S02, and Nox, using
EPA reference methods. Emissions of these three cri-
teria pollutants were generally lower than New Source
Performance Standards for utility boilers, although oc-
casionally excessive particulate and S02 emissions
were observed. NOx emissions were consistently
lower than those from natural gas combustion. Results
of detailed chemical analyses and biological assays
are reported.
Keywords: 'Fluidized bed processing, 'Air pollution
control equipment, 'Sulfur, Flue gases, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen
oxides, Carbon monoxide, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide,
Sampling, Particles, Assessments, Environment sur-
veys, Design criteria, Coal gasification, Heavy oils, Lig-
nite, Performance evaluation, 'Chemically active fluid
bed.
PB84-159288/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Estimation Methods for Process Constants and
Properties Used in Fate Assessments. Final rept.
Feb 81-Sep 83,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
W. R. Mabey, T. Mill, and R. T. Podoll. Feb 84,149p*
EPA-600/3-84-035
Contract EPA-68-03-2981
Physical property data, rate constants, and equilibrium
constants are required for assessments of the fate of
chemicals in the environment. Structure-activity rela-
tionship (SARs), property correlations, and reactivity
correlations arex sources of such data that are in-
creasingly recognized as rapid, practical, and inexpen-
sive methods with which to estimate values of some
constants or properties. Although it is unlikely that
major environmental decisions will be made based
solely on such information, these estimates are often
useful within the context of deciding whether better
data are required for an assessment, whether a proc-
ess may be important for a particular chemical, or as a
check on a reported value. In some cases, estimated
data are useful in concluding that a chemical will or will
not persist in a specific environmental situation by
simple analogy to experience with other chemicals
having similar properties or reactivities. This report re-
views a broad range of qualitative and quantitative re-
lationships between structure and properties or reacti-
vities as well as correlations among different proper-
ties and reactivities. Also included are the specific the-
oretical and enpirical equations used in fate assess-
ments that use data produced by these estimation
methods. The limitations of these estimation methods
are discussed as are testing procedures.
Keywords: 'Physical properties, 'Reaction kinetics,
•Chemical equilibrium, 'Chemical compounds, 'Envi-
ronmental surveys, 'Molecular structure, Assess-
ments, Air pollution, Water pollution, Sediments, Soils,
'Path of pollutants, 'Structure activity relationships,
'Property reactivity correlations, Numerical solution.
PB84-159276/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Primary Productivity and Related Processes in
New York Harbor as Reflective of Changing Water
Quality. Final rept.,
Fordham Univ., Armonk, NY. Louis Calder Conserva-
tion and Ecology Study Center.
J. J. A. McLaughlin, M. P. Brown, G. S. Kleppel, R. J.
Ingram, and W. B. Samuels. Feb 84,88p EPA-600/3-
84-039
Contract EPA-R-803370
Relationships between photoplankton dynamics and
changing water quality in New York Harbor were stud-
ied from 1974-1978. The study was to determine if re-
moval of suspected toxic substances by advanced
wastewater treatment, without simultaneous removal
of excess dissolved nutrients (N and P) would result in
nuisance phytoplankton blooms. Observations sug-
gest that stresses induced by poor water quality
reduce potential productivity of diatoms in the estuary.
Keywords: "Primary biological productivity, 'Plankton,
'Water pollution, 'New York Harbor, Plankton blooms,
Stresses, Diatoms, Growth, Ecology, Water quality
management, Vitamins, Trace elements, Mathematical
models, Bioassay, Toxicity, Metals, Hydrodynamics,
Hudson River, Tables(Data), Salinity, Oxygen, Dis-
solved gases, Temperature, Eutrophication.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB84-159284/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
New Charged Fog Generator for Inhalable Particle
Control. Final rept. Jul 79-Apr 82,
AeroVironment, Inc., Pasadena, CA.
C. V. Mathai. Feb 84,105p AV-R-82/505, EPA-600/7-
84-016
Contract EPA-68-02-3145
The report discusses the development of a new
charged fog generator (CFG) by modifying a commer-
cial rotary atomizer. Extensive field tests of the CFG
(at a bentonite ore unloading operation) were per-
formed to determine the dependence of its inhalable
particle control efficiency (PCE) on various instrument
settings and field conditions. The lifetime of the drop-
lets seems to be the dominant factor determining the
PCE; and PCE values were higher for higher applied
voltages and higher water flow rates. The data suggest
that, under optimum instrument settings, the PCE of
water droplets could be doubled by charging the drop-
lets.
Keywords: "Aerosol generators, *Fog, *Air pollution,
Atomizers, Particles, Field tests, Performance evalua-
tion, Drops(Liquids), Particle size distribution.
PB64-159292/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Protocol for Establishment of a Ground Water
Management and Protection Plan. Final rept.
Association of Central Oklahoma Governments, Okla-
homa City.
Feb 84,204p EPA-600/2-84-053
Grant EPA-R-807131
Local officials can provide the impetus for the estab-
lishment of a management program for water-supply
aquifers. This report provides information on the devel-
opment of a management plan for a specific aquifer in
Oklahoma. The report outlines specific major steps
that were taken to accomplish the task. The approach
should be transferrable to other areas of the country.
Keywords: "Aquifers, 'Ground water recharge, 'Water
supply, Water pollution, Management, Hydrogeology,
Monitoring, Water wells, Oil wells, Regulations, Con-
struction, Water law, Gas wells, Uranium, Economic
impact, Sewage treatment, Oklahoma.
PB84-159391/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Labs-Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of the Feasibility of Incinerating Haz-
ardous Waste In High-Temperature Industrial
Processes. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
F. D. Hall, W. F. Kemner, G. Annamraju, R. Krisbnan,
and M. Taft-Frank. Feb 84,260p EPA-600/2-84-049
Contract EPA-68-03-3036
In the search for disposal alternatives, the U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency is evaluating the poten-
tial use of high-temperature processes for the inciner-
ation of hazardous wastes. Many kinds of waste have
already been disposed of in boilers and cement kilns:
this report considers the many other potential process-
es, such as metallurgical furnaces, brick and lime kilns,
glass furnaces, and sewage sludge combustors. Each
process is examined against such criteria as time/tem-
perature profile, geographical location, product quality
considerations, institutional factors, and environmental
impacts. Promising alternatives are identified.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Incinerators, 'Solid
waste disposal, High temperature tests, Substitutes,
Environmental impacts, Kilns, Feasibility, Mathemati-
cal models, Metallurigical furnaces, Industrial process-
es.
PB84-159409/HSU	PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Trends In U.S. Irrigation: Three Regional Studies.
Final rept. Oct 78-Dec 80.
Resources for the Future, Inc., Washington, DC.
Feb 84,490p* EPA-600/3-82-069
Grant EPA-R-806023
Three separate reports, each dealing with irrigation in
a different region of the United States are brought to-
gether in this volume. The first study, 'Western Irriga-
tion: Its Past and Future Growth,' assesses the role of
irrigation in the 17 western states in producing the na-
tion's farm output and the resource and environmental
pressures affecting and stemming from western irriga-
tion. The second study, 'Growth and Prospects for Irri-
gation in the Eastern United States,' provides a brief
history of the growth of irrigated acreage by farm pro-
duction region and an assessment of the prospects for
increased irrigation in the Lake States and the South-
east. The third study, 'The Economic Potential for the
Expansion of Irrigation in the Mississippi Delta Region,'
focusses on a sample six-county area and employs
benefit-cost analysis to estimate the potential number
of acres that can be profitably irrigated under alterna-
tive product prices, input costs, management levels,
and irrigation systems.
Keywords: "Benefit cost analysis, "Economic condi-
tions, 'irrigation, Assessments, Profits, Area, Econom-
ic impact, Production, Corn, Grain sorghum, Wheat,
Cotton, Land use, Water supply, Competition, Ground
water, Surface waters, Water law, Water distribution,
Environmental impacts, Salinity, Erosion, Mathemati-
cal models, 'Water costs, Western Region(United
States), 'irrigation water.
PB84-159474/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, Irondequoit
Basin Study. Final rept.
Monroe County, Rochester, NY.
Apr 83,316p
Grant EPA-P-002230-01 -1
Prepared in cooperation with O'Brien and Gere Engi-
neers, Inc., Syracuse, NY. Sponsored in part by New
York State Dept. of Environmental Conservation,
Albany.
This study focussed on the impact of phosphorus in
stormwater runoff on bay eutrophication Cost effective
BMP's designed to minimize the impact and restore
the bay to waters with enhanced recreation benefits.
Use of wetlands in conjunction with a flow regulating
device proved to be the most cost-effective control
measure.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Phosphorus, "Water pollution,
'Urban areas, Irondequoit Bay, Stream flow, Environ-
mental impacts, Cost effectiveness, Rainfall, Storm
sewers, Sedimentation, Land use, Fluid infiltration,
Flow control. Cost analysis, Erosion control,
Tables(Data), Nitrogen, Concentration(Composition),
Chlorine, Metals, "Storm water runoff, Best manage-
ment practices, Urban rydrology, Wetlands, Water
quality data.
PB84-159573/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Fluidized-Bed Gasification of Peat, Lignite, Subbi-
tumlnous, and Pretreated Bituminous Coal. Final
rept. Aug 76-Aug 83,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. Dept. of Chemi-
cal Engineering.
M. J. Purdy, R. M. Felder, and J. K. Ferrel. Feb 84,
102p EPA-600/7-84-018
Grant EPA-R-809317
The report summarizes and compares results obtained
from gasifying four different feedstocks in a pilot-scale
fluidized-bed gasifier. Effects of operating variables
(e.g., temperature, steam/carbon feed ratio, bed
height, and feed rate) on carbon conversion and gas
production are described. Gas compositions, ex-
pressed as mole percentages on a dry N2-free basis,
showed only small differences, except for sulfur gases.
No correlation of wastewater species production rates
with reactor operating conditions was observed. Tar
production rate was greatest for a New Mexico subbi-
tuminous coal. A coastal peat and a Texas lignite gave
similar tar production rates.
Keywords: "Fluidized bed processing, 'Peat, "Lignite,
'Subbituminous coal, 'Bituminous coal, 'Coal gasifi-
cation, "Air pollution control, Pilot plants, Gas produc-
tion, Process charting, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Industrial wastes, Combustion products.
PB64-159821/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Equilibrium Distribution Coefficients for Extrac-
tion of Organic Priority Pollutants from Water - I.
Final rept. Sep 79-Sep 82,
California Univ., Berkeley. Dept. of Chemical Engineer-
ing.
C. J. King, T. A. Barbari, D. K. Joshi, N. E. Bell, and J. J
Senetar. Feb 84,52p EPA-600/2-84-060A
Grant EPA-R-807027
See also PB84-159839.
The purpose of this project is to establish phase-equi-
librium data necessary for evaluation of solvent extrac-
tion as a treatment and/or recovery process for large
number of the organic Priority Pollutants in aqueous
streams. The principal piece of information sought has
been the equilibrium distribution coefficient, KD, de-
fined as the weight fraction of solute in the solvent
phase divided by the weight fraction of solute in the
aqueous phase, at equilibrium and at high dilution.
Keywords: "Chemical equilibrium, "Distribution coeffi-
cients, "Water pollution control, "Solvent extraction,
"Organic compounds, Cost analysis, Design criteria,
Industrial waste treatment.
PB84-159839/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Equilibrium Distribution Coefficients for Extrac-
tion of Organic Priority Pollutants from Water - II.
Final rept. Sep 79-Sep 82,
California Univ., Berkeley. Dept. of Chemical Engineer-
ing.
C. J. King, T. A. Barbari, D. K. Joshi, N. E. Bell, and J. J.
Senetar. Feb 84,62p EPA-600/2-84-060B
Grant EPA-R-807027
See also PB84-159821.
This report is the second of a series of two reports
dealing with the removal of certain of the organic EPA
Priority Pollutants from water by means of solvent ex-
traction. The principal focus of the project has been
measurement of equilibrium distribution coefficients
(equivalent to partition coefficients, or solvent capac-
ities) for extraction of these organic solutes from water
by various candidate solvents. The equilibrium distribu-
tion coefficient, KD, is defined as the weight fraction of
the solute in the solvent phase divided by the weight
fraction of the solute in the aqueous phase, at equilibri-
um and at high dilution.
Keywords: "Chemical equilibrium, 'Distribution coeffi-
cients, 'Water pollution control, "Solvent extraction,
'Organic compounds, Cost analysis, Design criteria,
Industrial waste treatment.
PB84-1S9904/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Priority Pollutants In the Cedar Creek Wastewater
Reclamation - Recharge Facilities. Final rept. Apr
80-Oct 82,
Nassau County Dept. of Public Works, Wantaugh, NY,
T. D. Brisbin, S. H. Ahn, R. I. Foster, S. A. Labunski,
and J. A. Oliva. Feb 84, 92p EPA-600/2-64-061
Grant EPA-R-804654
Prepared in cooperation with PRC Consoer Townsend,
Inc., Chicago, IL.
The Cedar Creek Wastewater Reclamation Plant
(CCWRP) located in Nassau County, NY is a 0.24 cu
m/s (5.5 mgd) advanced wastewater treatment (AWT)
Clant designed to produce a high quality effluent suita-
le for groundwater recharge. The CCWRP was con-
structed as a demonstration project under a U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency (EPA) grant by additions
and modifications to the main 1.96 cu m/s (45 mgd)
Cedar Creek Water Pollution Control Plant (CCWPCP).
Operation of the CCWRP began in April 1980 and
groundwater recharge operations began in October
1982. This research project was initiated with the over-
all objective of providing preliminary data on the pres-
ence of priority pollutants in the Cedar Creek
Wastewater Reclamation - Recharge Facilities. The re-
sults indicate that 72 priority pollutants were identified
in the influent and that significant removals (99%) of
some individual compounds were achieved by the
plant processes.
Keywords: 'Water reclamation, 'Sewage treatment
Ground water recharge, Waste water reuse, Grit, Fj|l
tration. Activated carbon treatment, Chlorination, Stor-
age, Phosphorus, Ammonia, Nitrogen, Injection wells
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Observation wells, Biochemical oxygen demand, Pes-
ticides, New York, 'Tertiary treatment. Biological treat-
ment, Nassau County(New York).
PB84-160035/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, SEMCOG
(Southeast Michigan Council of Governments)/
Oakland County, Technical Report. Final rept. Jun
79-Aug 83.
Southeast Michigan Council of Governments. Detroit.
Aug 83, 75p
Grant EPA-P-005423-1
The report presents summary data and findings from
the project technical and management work efforts.
Test sites are described, sampling data is summarized,
detention basin modification designs are described,
the existing legal and institutional framework for storm-
water management in the project area is assessed and
the elements of effective stormwater management
programs are presented.
Keywords: 'Rainfall, 'Runoff, 'Water pollution,
"Urban areas, Watersheds, Water storage, Reservoirs,
Stream flow, Snowmelt, Land use, Storm sewers,
Sediments, Catch basins, Policies, Construction, Local
government, Ordinances, Regulations, 'Storm water
runoff, Detention basins.
PB84-1600S4/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstratlon of Pesticide
Products Containing Dlcofol as the Active Ingre-
dient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 83, 97p EPA/540-RS-83-003
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Labels, Regula-
tions, Generics, Public health, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, 'Registration, "Environmental health, 'Dico-
fol.
PM4-160266/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Multimedia Pollution AMCMment of the Wood
Products Industries. Final rept.,
Jordan (Edward C.) Co., Inc., Portland, ME.
J. Casana. Feb 84,296p EPA-600/2-81-008
Contract EPA-68-03-2605
This report presents a summary and commentary on
pollutants, abatement technologies, and regulations in
the wood products Industries. Industries included in
the study are pulp, paper and paperboard, veneer/ply-
wood, particleboard, mlllwork and structural members,
fabricated wood products, and gum and wood chemi-
cals, and wood preserving. Water pollution abatement
legislation has established guidelines based on Best
Practicable Control Technology Currently Available
(BPCTCA). These guidelines primarily address con-
ventional pollutants, including five-day biochemical
oxygen demand (BODS), total suspended solids (TSS)
and pH. In addition, guidelines based on Best Avail-
able Technology Economically Achievable (BATEA)
and Best Conventional Pollutant Control Technology
(BCPCT) are currently being established to address
conventional, priority (toxic), and nonconventional
(neither conventional nor toxic) pollutants. Existing ex-
ternal air pollution control devices, in conjunction with
internal process controls, can be effective in the re-
duction of air pollutants, especially particulates and
sulfur dioxide.
Keywords: "Industrial wastes, 'Wood products,
"Water pollution, Paper industry, Regulations, Pulp
mills, Veneers, Plywood, Particle boards, Wood
wastes, Biochemical oxygen demand, Wood preserva-
tives, Legislation, pH, Toxicity, Air pollution control,
Particles, Sulfur dioxide, Sludge disposal, Earth fills,
Best available technology, Total suspended solids.
PB84-160514/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of an Air Curtain Hooding System for a
Primary Copper Converter. Volume 1. Final rept.
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Feb 84,194p* EPA-600/2-84-042A
Contracts EPA-68-03-2924, EPA-68-02-3546
See also PB84-160522.
This report presents the results of tests conducted to
evaluate the effectiveness of a full-scale air curtain
capture system installed on a primary copper smelter
for capture of low level fugitive particulate, including
trace metals, and sulfur dioxide. The test work was
performed onsite at ASARCo'S Tacoma Smelter on
the first domestic full-scale prototype system, resulting
in the first published evaluation of full-scale fugitive
capture system based upon the air curtain approach
as applied to a primary copper converter. The installa-
tion of the air curtain hooding system has permitted a
quantitative approach to the direct measurement of
the fugitive emissions for the first time. In this program,
the fugitives captured by the air curtain were measured
at a downstream sampling point in the exhaust side of
the air curtain system during the various portions of the
converter cycle. Emission factors were established for
sulfur dioxide, filterable particulate (method 5), inhala-
ble particulate, and selected trace elements.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Smelters,
Metals, Sulfur dioxide, Particles, Trace elements, Sam-
pling, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Per-
formance	evaluation,	Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), 'Copper smelters, "Fugi-
tive emissions, "Air curtain hooding systems, Trace
amounts, Emission factors.
PB84-160522/HSU	PC A99/MF E03
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of an Air Curtain Hooding System for a
Primary Copper Converter. Volume 2. Appendi-
ces. Final rept.
PEDCo-Environmental. Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Feb 84,792p* EPA-600/2-84-042B
Contract EPA-68-03-2924, EPA-68-02-3546
See also PB84-160514.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
This report presents the results of tests conducted to
evaluate the effectiveness of a full-scale air curtain
capture system installed on a primary copper smelter
for capture of low level fugitive particulate, including
trace metals, and sulfur dioxide. The test work was
performed onsite at ASARCo'S Tacoma Smelter on
the first domestic full-scale prototype system, resulting
in the first published evaluation of full-scale fugitive
capture system based upon the air curtain approach
as applied to a primary copper converter. The installa-
tion of the air curtain hooding system has permitted a
quantitative approach to the direct measurement of
the fugitive emissions for the first time. In this program,
the fugitives captured by the air curtain were measured
at a downstream sampling point in the exhaust side of
the air curtain system during the various portions of the
converter cycle. Emission factors were established for
sulfur dioxide, filterable particulate (method 5), inhala-
ble particulate, and selected trace elements.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, "Smelters,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Metals, Sulfur
dioxide, Sampling, Performance evaluation, Design cri-
teria, Particles, "Copper smelters, 'Air curtain hooding
systems, "Fugitive emissions, Hooding systems, Emis-
sion factors, Trace amounts.
PB84-161308/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Summary of the 1982 National Performance Audit
Program on Source Measurements,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Branch.
E. W. Streib, and M. R. Midgett. Nov 83,56p EPA-600/
4-83-049
See also PB83-210633.
In the spring and fall of 1982, the Quality Assurance Di-
vision conducted the National Audits for Stationary
Source Test Methods. The audit materials consist of: a
calibrated orifice for Method 5 (dry gas meter only),
five simulated liquid samples each for Method 6 (S02)
and Method 7 (NO(x)), two coal samples for Method
19A, and a disposable gas cylinder for Method 3
(Orsat analyzer). Laboratories participating in the
audits sent their data to the Source Branch and later
received a written report comparing their results to
EPA's.
Keywords: 'Auditing, 'Air pollution, "Quality assur-
ance, *Gas analysis, "Laboratories, Chemical analy-
sis, Coal, Sampling, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides,
Performance evaluation, Industrial wastes. Combus-
tion products, "Stationary sources, "Air pollution de-
tection, 'Air pollution sampling, EPA method 5, EPA
method 6, EPA method 3, EPA method 19A, National
performance audit program.
PB84-161371/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Exploratory Research.
Assessment for Future Environmental Problems -
Agricultural Residues,
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Durham, NC.
M. T. McAdams, K. R. Meardon, D. P. Kent, and E. F.
Darley. Feb 84,196p EPA-600/6-84-005
Contract EPA-68-02-3727
This assessment was undertaken to determine wheth-
er agricultural burning constitutes an environmental
problem in the United States. Preliminary indications
are that agricultural burning is not likely to become a
national problem. The report summarizes available in-
formation on location, types, and quantities of residues
burned: health effects: nonhealth related concerns:
policies, regulations, and smoke management plans
affecting agricultural burning; and alternative disposal
practices. A qualitative analysis discusses the future of
agricultural burning on a regional basis, taking into ac-
count factors such as agricultural production potential
and demographic changes. A trend analysis computer
model is used to examine the potential future emis-
sions of particulates, hydrocarbons, and carbon mon-
oxide from agricultural burning in California and in the
Willamette Valley, Oregon. The report concludes by
identifying gaps in information, recommending meth-
ods to gather the missing information, and identifying
and prioritizing research efforts. An annotated bibliog-
raphy of over 100 references is provided.
Keywords: "Agricultural wastes, "Environmental sur-
veys, 'Solid waste disposal, "Air pollution, Assess-
ments, Forecasting, Residues, Environmental impacts,
Trends, Smoke, Mathematical models, Particles, Hy-
drocarbons, Carbon monoxide, "Open burning.
PB84-161405/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Operation and Maintenance of Publicly-Owned
Treatment Works (POTW's). Proceedings of the
EPA National Conference Held at Chicago, Illinois
on January 12-14,1982.
Weston (Roy F.), Inc., West Chester, PA.
Dec 83, 268p EPA-600/9-83-021
Contract EPA-68-03-3055
This proceedings is a compilation of the papers pre-
sented at EPA s National Conference on the Oper-
ation and Maintenance of POTW's held in Chicago, Illi-
nois on January 12-14,1982. The purpose of the con-
ference was to present information on improved
POTW operation, maintenance, design, performance
and energy effectiveness.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Meetings, Process
control, Fluid infiltration, Clarification, Policies, Li-
censes, Aeration, Disinfection, Trickling filters, Sludge
digestion, Activated sludge process, Flow rate, Design,
Fouling organisms, Diffusers, Oxidation, Maintenance,
'Sewage treatment plants, Land application, Organic
loading, Energy conservation, 'Rotating disc process.
PB84-161421/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Gaseous Emissions from Excess Air Combustion
of Explosives and Propellants. Final rept. Oct 81-
Jun 82,
IT Enviroscience, Inc., Knoxville, TN.
J. Mahannah, D. Schubert, C. Culp, and T. Schomer.
Feb 84,31 p EPA-600/2-84-051
Contract EPA-68-03-3069
Prepared in cooperation with Atlantic Research Corp.,
Alexandria, VA.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The purpose of this short-term project was to deter-
mine the levels of nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide
(N02), and carbon monoxide (CO) in the off-gases
from the open burning of explosives in excess air. The
ultimate goal is to reduce the level of NO(x), CO, and
particulates emitted during the destruction of surplus,
waste, and off-spec, explosives. Previous work (DOE)
showed that a gravel/sand filter in the roof of a bunker
reduced the level of particulates emitted during excess
air combustion of propellants (only limited No(x) or CO
measurements were reported). The project demon-
strated that the filter is effective in partially eliminating
NO and CO emissions, but that additional work, includ-
ing the incorporation of catalysts in the bed and the in-
troduction oi NO-control gases (e.g., NH3), should be
undertaken.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Propel-
lants, "Explosives, Nitrogen oxide(NO), Nitrogen diox-
ide, Carbon monoxide, Particles, Air filters, "Sand fil-
ters.
PB84-161439/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Complex
Terrain Model Development Description of a Com-
puter Data Base from Small Hill Impaction Study
No. 1, Cinder Cone Butte, Idaho. Final rept.,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
L. E. Truppi, and G. C. Holzworth. Feb 84,117p EPA-
600/3-84-038
See also PB83-220020.
As part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's
effort to develop and demonstrate a reliable model of
atmospheric dispersion for pollutant emissions in irreg-
ular mountainous terrain, the Complex Terrain Model
Development Program was initiated. The first phase, a
comprehensive tracer field study, was carried out on
Cinder Cone Butte, Idaho, during the autumn of 1980.
Eighteen quantitative tracer experiments were con-
ducted, each lasting 8 hr at night or early morning. The
main tracer gas was sulfur hexafluoride; a second
tracer, Freon 13B1 was used in ten of the eighteen ex-
periments. Averaged meteorological data were record-
ed from six towers near and on the slopes of the hill.
Data consisted of direct and derived measures of tem-
perature, wind, turbulence, solar and net radiation, and
nephelometer coefficient of scattering. Hourly wind
profiles were obtained from pilot balloon observations;
tethersonde observations recorded profiles of wind
and temperature. Tracer gas concentrations were de-
tected by a network of approximately 100 samplers lo-
cated on the slopes of the hill. The system used to col-
lect the data, the operation procedures used to run the
system, and its performance record are described.
Tables of tracer gas release data have been included
to assist in any modeling effort. All meteorological and
tracer concentration data have been edited and re-
corded on magnetic tape and are now available, upon
request, at the National Computer Center, R.T.P., NC,
either as copies or by interactive computer access.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Terrain models, Meteorol-
ogy, Concentration(Composition), Temperature,
Wind(Meteorology), "Atmospheric dispersion, "Air
quality, Tracer studies.
PB84-161470/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Development of Criteria for Extension of Applica-
bility of Low Emission, High Efficiency Coal Burn-
ers. Annual rept. Sep 77-Sep 78,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
A Brienza, S. Chen, M. Heap, J. Lee, and W. Nurick.
Feb 84,192p EPA-600/7-84-017A
Contract EPA-68-02-2667
See also PBB2-197153.
The report gives results of the first year's effort on this
contract. Experimental studies were conducted at
three scales to determine the influence of coal proper-
ties on NOx emissions. In addition, the use of sorbents
to reduce SOx emissions from coal flames was investi-
gated. Bench-scale (0.1 million Btu/hr) investigation
concentrated on studies to define the effect of coal
characteristics on fuel nitrogen conversion. Based on
these investigations, the total coal nitrogen content
does not appear to be the primary variable controlling
fuel NO production in pulverized-coal flames. Experi-
ments were conducted with research-design low-NOx
burners at two scales (12.5 and 100 million Btu/hr)
using three coal types. Under optimum conditions, the
NOx emissions, typically below 200 ppm (dry at 0%
02), were only slightly dependent on coal characteris-
tics. Preliminary investigations assessed the use of the
low-NOx burner design to reduce NOx and SOx emis-
sions by adding sorbents to the coal before the pulver-
izer. Limestone added this way gave 50, 70, and 80%
reductions in S02 emissions at calcium/sulfur molar
ratios of 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Burners, Coal, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Nitrogen
oxides. Sulfur oxides, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Sorbents, Feasibility, Fuels, Limestone
scrubbing.
PB84-161520/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Control of Volatile Organic Compound Equipment
Leaks from Natural Gas/Gasoline Processing
Plants. Guideline series.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Dec 83,187p EPA-450/3-83-007
Control Technique Guidelines (CTG) are issued for
volatile organic compound (VOC) equipment leaks
from natural gas/gasoline processing plants to inform
Regional, State, and local air pollution control agen-
cies of reasonably available control technology
(RACT) for development of regulations necessary to
attain the national ambient air quality standard for
ozone. This document contains information on RACT
environmental and cost impacts.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Leakage, "Natural
gas, "Gasoline, 'Guidelines, Equipment, State govern-
ment, Standards, Ozone, Cost analysis, Sources, In-
spection, "Volatile organic compounds, "Fugitive
emissions, "Air quality, Baseline measurements, Rea-
sonably available control technology.
PB84-161538/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Listing of Pesticide Data Submitters by Chemical
(Eighth Edition). Rept. for 1971-83.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
May 84, 1098p* EPA-515/1-84-001
Supersedes PB83-106021.
The Pesticide Data Submitters List is a compilation of
names and addresses of registrants who wish to be
notified and offered compensation for use of their
data. It was developed to assist pesticide applicants in
fulfilling their obligation as required by sections
3(c)(1)(D) and 3(c)(2)(D) of the Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), and 40 CFR
Part 162.9-5 regarding ownership of data used to sup-
port registration. The listing consists of three parts: an
introduction with instructions for use, a sequential list
of data submitters sorted by chemical code numbers,
and an index to the chemical codes arranged alpha-
betically by chemical name.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Data, Chemical compounds,
Coding, Indexes(Documentation).
PB84-161546/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Landfill Research at the Boone County Field Site.
Final rept.,
Regional Services Corp., Inc., Columbus, IN.
R. J. Wigh. Fab 84,127p EPA-600/2-84-050
Sanitary landfills presently play a significant role in the
disposal of solid wastes, and they will probably contin-
ue to do so in many areas because of their economic
advantages over other methods. However, justifiable
concern exists about the environmental effects of san-
itary landfills. The research project described here was
undertaken to provide a better understanding of the
processes that occur within a sanitary landfill and the
related environmental effects. The initial field-scale
test cell was completed in June 1971 and was moni-
tored for temperature, gas composition, settlement,
and leachate quantity and characteristics until closure
in September 1980. This report presents the results of
the analysis of the data collected from the batch-type
cells during the nine year monitoring period.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Solid waste disposal, "Envi-
ronmental impacts, Field tests. Leaching, Sites, Soils,
"Sewage sludge.
PB84-161595/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Priority Pollutant Removal from Mine Drainage.
Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
J. E. Going. Jun 80, 283p EPA-600/7-80-121
Contract EPA-68-03-2563
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
A study of the removal of selected priority pollutants
from acid mine drainage was conducted at EPA's
Crown, West Virginia, site. The pollutants studied were
the volatiles benzene, chloroform, methylene chloride,
tetrachloroethene, toluene, trans-dichloroethene; the
semivolatiles bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and di-n-bu-
tylphthalate; and the metals arsenic, selenium, antimo-
ny, mercury, chromium, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc.
MRI's role in the study was to provide sampling and
analysis support. Specifically, MRI acquired and pre-
pared all sampling supplies; established a coding
system to uniquely identify all samples; established a
computerized data management system; validated an
analytical protocol for the selected pollutants; re-
ceived, documented and shipped samples from Crown
to MRI; and analyzed samples.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Metals, Sites, Sampling,
Chemical analysis, Fishes, Sediments, Chloroform,
Chloromethanes, Toluene, Arsenic, Selenium, Zinc,
Lead(Metal), Antimony, Mercury(Metal), Chromium,
Copper, Nickel, "Acid mine drainage, "Water pollution
detection, "Volatile organic compounds, "Water pollu-
tion sampling, Benzene, Ethene/tetrachloro, Ethene/
dichloro, Phthalic acid/bis(ethylhexyl-ester), Phthalic
acid/(dibutyl-ester).
PB84-161603/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Pesticide Orchard Ecosystem Model (POEM): A
User's Guide Final rept.,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing.
E. D. Goodman, M. Zabik, J. J. Jenkins, R. M. Kon, and
R. M. Snider. Jan 84,44p EPA-600/3-84-006
Grant EPA-R-805624
A mathematical model was developed to predict the
transport and effects of a pesticide in an orchard eco-
system. The environmental behavior of azinphos-
methyl was studied over a two-year period in a Michi-
gan apple orchard. Data were gathered for the model
on initial distribution within the orchard, influence of
rainfall on vertical movement, loss via runoff, and ef-
fects on selected orchard invertebrate populations.
Following model development, a third year of field data
were collected for comparison with model projections.
Mean squared errors for the comparison of predicted
vs observed residue data indicated good predictions of
azinphosmethyl fate within the tree and grass/broad-
leaves layers. Prediction of pesticide dynamics within
the litter/moss and soil layers was much more vari-
able.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Fruit crops, "Ecology, Mathe-
matical models, Rainfall, Runoff, Losses, Sites, Area,
Trees(Plants), Soil water, Atmospheric temperature,
Evapotranspiration, Populations, Computer program-
ming, Phosphorodithioates, Path of pollutants, "Pesti-
cide residues, "Azinphosmethyl.
PB84-161744/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Fourche Creek Urban Runoff Project. Volume t.
Summary Report. Final rept. 1979-83.
METROPLAN, Little Rock, AR.
1983,27p
Grant EPA-P-006069-01-0
The Little Rock, AK, WQM plan identified urban runoff
into Fourche Creek as the most significant nonpoint
source water quality problem in the metropolitan area.
Project objectives include, (1) clarifying the nature and
extent of the problem; (2) analysis of the effectiveness
of selected best management practices; (3) assessing
cost effectiveness of BMP's, and (4) effects of applica-
tion of BMP's throughout the Fourche Creek System.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Hydrology, "Water pollution,
"Fourche Creek, Urban areas, Sedimentation, Stream
flow, Soil erosion, Sediments, Rainfall, Land use
Channel improvements, Riprap, Vegetation'
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Tables(Data), Arkansas, Storms sewers, Best man-
agement practices, Gabions.
PB84-161785/HSU	PC E05/MF A01
Evaluation of Illinois Stream Sediment Data: 1974-
1980. Final rept.,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
M. H. Kelly, and R. L. Hite. Jan 84,116p IEPA/WPC/
84-004
Includes 1 sheet of 48X reduction microfiche.
From 1974 to 1980 the Illinois Environmental Protec-
tion Agency analyzed over 800 sediment samples from
550 stream sites throughout the State. This data file
was analyzed to establish background levels and to
identify areas of stream contamination. Data were fur-
ther evaluated to determine sediment chemistry char-
acteristics at: (1) varying distances downstream of mu-
nicipal wastewater treatment facilities, and (2) sam-
pling locations impacted by various point and non-
point discharge types. Sediments were analyzed for
nutrients, metals, and several pesticide and organoch-
lorine compounds.
Keywords: 'Sediments, "Water pollution. Chemical
analysis, Metals, Chlorine organic compounds, Classi-
fications, Sampling, River basins, Nitrogen, Arsenic,
Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Zinc, Iron,
Mercury(Metal), Lead(Metal), Managanese, Chlorohy-
drocarbons, Heavy metals.
PB84-161793/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Cost Equations for Small Drinking Water Systems.
Final rept..
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
R. G. Eilers. Feb 84, 27p EPA-600/2-84-059
This report presents capital and operation/mainte-
nance cost equations for 33 drinking water treatment
processes as applied to small flows (2,500 gpd to 1
mgd). The equations are based on previous cost data
development work performed under contract to EPA.
These equations provide a hand calculation method
that can be easily used to compute preliminary cost es-
timates for individual unit processes or for an entire
system within the specified size range.
Keywords: 'Cost analysis, 'Water treatment, Operat-
ing costs, Maintenance, Regression analysis, Con-
struction costs, Unit costs, Chemical engineering,
Tables(Data), 'Drinking water.
PB84-161819/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Innovative Concepts for Detecting and Locating
Leaks in Waste Impoundment Liner Systems:
Acoustic Emission Monitoring and Time Domain
Reflectometry. Final rept. Jan 81-Jun 82.
EarthTech Research Corp., Baltimore, MD.
J. L. Davis, R. Singh, B. G. Stegman, and M. J. Waller.
Feb 84,105p EPA-600/2-04-058
Contract EPA-68-03-3030
This project is part of a program to investigate the use
of innovative techniques lor detecting and locating
leaks in waste impoundment liners. Laboratory and
small scale field studies were undertaken to evaluate
the potential of Acoustic Emission Monitoring (AEM)
and Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) techniques.
Results indicated that both methods do have potential
application, but that further evaluations are required to
determine usefulness in field conditions.
Keywords: 'Linings, 'Leakage, 'Waste disposal,
Acoustic detection, Electrical properties, Monitoring,
Laboratories, Evaluation, Moisture content, Rocks, Di-
electric properties, Soils, Mineral deposits, Impound-
ments, 'Time domain reflectometry.
PB84-161827/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Lake Huron Bibliography with Limited Summaries,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Div.
R. Rossmann, and T. Treese. 1981,149p SR-88
Grant EPA-R-005510
See also PB84-161835.
To assist with interpretation of the 1980 Lake Huron in-
tensive survey data, a bibliography was prepared. The
literature is divided into six categories: biology; chemis-
try; geology (chronology, history, and land use); inputs;
modeling; and physics. References are repeated
under ail categories to which they apply. For all but the
abstracts and a few articles, short summaries are in-
cluded.
Keywords: "Lake Huron, 'Bibliographies, Aquatic biol-
ogy, Water chemistry, Land use, Geology, Mathemati-
cal models, Life cycles, Fishes, Lampreys, Water pollu-
tion, Phytoplankton, Nutrients, Zooplankton, Limnolo-
gy, Plutonium, Iodine, Trout, Ecology, Water levels.
PB84-161835/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Trace Metals in Lake Huron Waters: 1980 inten-
sive Surveillance,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Div.
R. Rossmann. Feb 83, 90p SR-97
Grant EPA-R-005510
See also PB84-161827.
For water samples collected during the 1980 intensive
surveillance of Lake Huron, a number of conclusions
can be drawn. Total silver, chromium, copper, manga-
nese, iron, and arsenic were highest in the epilimnion.
The horizontal variation of total metal concentrations
from month to month were quite variable. Iron was
always highest in southern Lake Huron and copper
and manganese were highest in the North Carolina.
Total metals exhibited some variation with time. In
general, highest total metal concentrations occurred in
April and May for most metals. Predicting trace metal
trends is difficult. Improvements in instrumentation and
methodology have lowered detection limits and the
amount of sample contamination. A number of metals
appear to be decreasing in concentration. These in-
clude dissolved arsenic, total cadmium, dissolved cad-
mium, dissolved copper, total lead, dissolved lead,
total nickel, dissolved nickel, total zinc, and dissolved
zinc. Total cobalt and total vanadium concentrations
appear to have increased.
Keywords: "Metals, "Water pollution, "Lake Huron,
Surveys, Concentration(Composition), Silver, Chromi-
um, Copper, Manganese, Iron, Arsenic, Lead(Metal),
Nickel, Zinc, Cobalt, Vanadium, Tables(Data), Periodic
variations, Trace metals.
PB84-161934/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Report on the Invertebrate Megafauna Sampled
by Trawling In the Atlantic 3800 Meter Low-Level
Radioactive Waste Disposal Site. Final rept.,
Moss Landing Marine Labs., CA.
R. S. Carney. Aug 83, 23p EPA-520/1-83-029
Four otter trawls were carried out in 1978 near the At-
lantic deepsea low-level radioactive waste dumpsite
located at a depth of 3800 meters, approximately 320
kilometers offshore, centered at 37 degrees 50'N, 70
degrees 35'W, and situated in the axis of the Hudson
Canyon Channel. The megafauna collected in the vi-
cinity of the dumpsite can be described as an ophiur-
oid-pagurid (brittle starfish-hermit crab) dominated,
soft-bottom abyssal assemblage. The life histories of
the predominant large invertebrates is presented and
discussed. The report makes particular note of the
need to differentiate between natural spatial variation
of organisms and spatial variations resulting from
man's activities, when designing dumpsite-related bio-
logical monitoring programs.
Keywords: 'Invertebrates, 'Wastedisposal, "Radioac-
tive wastes, "Ocean environments, Deep water.
Crabs, Crustacea, Mollusca, Echinodermata, Marine
fishes, Abundance, Life cycles, Hudson Canyon, North
Atlantic Ocean, 'Radioactive waste disposal, Low-
level radioactive wastes, Trawls, 'Ocean waste dis-
posal, "Marine disposal.
PB84-162601 /HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Determination of Cloud Parameters for NEROS II
from Digital Satellite Data. Final rept. 30 Sep 81-30
Mar 83.
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Atmospher-
ic Science.
J. L. Behunek, T. H. Vonder Haar, and P. Laybe. Mar
84.50p EPA-600/3-84-044
Contract EPA-68-02-3731
As part of the input for their regional-scale photochem-
ical oxidant model of air pollution, known as the Re-
gional Oxidant Model, requires statistical descriptions
of total cloud amount, cumulus cloud amount, and cu-
mulus cloud top height for certain regions and dates.
These statistics are used to parameterize photochemi-
cal reactions, and to diagnose vertical transport of pol-
lutants. The purpose of this work was to derive these
statistics from digital satellite data. The first stage of
the work was to apply a human-computer interactive
technique to satellite data to distinguish cumulus
clouds from clouds of other types, and to produce the
cloud amount statistics for cells within specified grids.
Next, the interactive technique was applied to the in-
frared data to calculate the mean cloud top tempera-
ture for each cell. Those mean temperatures were
then converted to heights by referring to objectively
analyzed temperature versus height information de-
rived from radiosonde data. A frequency distribution of
cumulus cloud top heights was also produced for
some cases.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Photochemical reactions,
"Cumulus clouds, Oxidizers, Artifical satellites. Identi-
fying, Infrared mapping, Heights, Radiosondes, Statis-
tical analysis, Frequency distribution, NEROS 2 satel-
lite.
PB84-162643/HSU	PC A11 /MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Dlchlorometh-
ane (Methylene Chloride), External Review Draft,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
S. P. Bayard, D. L. Bayliss, I. W. F. Davidson, J. R.
Fowle, III, and M. Greenberg. Dec 83,250p EPA-600/
8-82-004B
Dichloromethane (DCM) is a solvent widely used for a
variety of purposes. It has been detected in the ambi-
ent air of urban and non-urban areas of the United
States and also in natural and municipal waters. The
weight of available evidence indicates that adverse
toxicologic effects (other than carcinogenicity and mu-
tagenicity) in humans are unlikely to occur at ambient
air and water levels found or expected in the general
environment. Available evidence suggests that the ter-
atogenic potential of DCM is capable of causing gene
mutations and has the potential to cause such effects
in exposed human cells. The weight of evidence for
carcinogenicity in animals is limited, according to the
criteria of the International Agency for Research on
Cancer (IARC). However, when the absence of epide-
miological evidence is considered, the overall evalua-
tion of DCM, according to IARC criteria, is that it is a
Group 3 chemical in that it cannot be classified as to its
carcinogenic potential for humans.
Keywords: "Public health, "Toxicology, Assessments,
Chloromethanes, Urban areas, Physical properties,
Chemical properties, Transport properties, Exposure,
Ecology, Regulations, Metabolism, Air pollution, Water
pollution, Chlorine organic compounds. Laboratory
animals, Environmental impacts, Mutagens, Malignant
neoplasms, "Methane/dichloro, Air pollution
effects(Humans), "Water pollution effects(Humans),
"Toxic substances. Path of pollutants, Pharmacokine-
tics, Cancer.
PB84-162718/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Chemical Reclamation of Scrap Rubber. Final rept.,
Tennessee Univ., Knoxville.
G. C. Frazier, S. M. Chan, O. L. Culberson, J. J. Perona,
and J. W. Larsen. Jan 84,83p EPA-600/2-84-028
Grant EPA-R-804321
A conceptual, commercial-scale plant design was for-
mulated for processing 22,500 t/yr of scrap rubber
tires to hydrocarbon fuel gases, oils, petrochemicals
(principally ethylene and aromatic liquids), and carbon
black. The process is based upon molten salt (zinc
chloride) pyrolysis of the rubber, and pyrolysis data ob-
tained in a bench-scale flow apparatus. An economic
assessment of the plant was made in terms of late
1979 dollars, for ranges in scrap tire costs and prices
for the principal products: carbon black and the fuel
gases and oil. Profitability at these 1979 costs and
prices is somewhat modest by chemical processing in-
dustry standards for new processes, but any increases
in energy and carbon black prices would cause favor-
able changes in this assessment.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Elastomers, *Pyrolysis, Industrial plants.
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Economic
analysis, Hydrocarbons, Fuels, Oils, Carbon black,
Fused salts, Zinc chlorides, "Waste utilization, "Solid
wastes. Petrochemicals.
PB84-162726/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Ecosystem Responses to Alternative Pesticides
in the Terrestrial Environment: A System Ap-
proach. Final rept.,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing.
E. D. Goodman, M. Zabik, J. J. Jenkins, R. M. Kon, and
R. M. Snider. Aug 83,305p EPA-600/3-83-079A
Grant EPA-R-805624
For system on magnetic tape, see PB84-162734.
A conceptual model was developed to describe as-
pects of the fate and effects of a pesticide in an or-
chard ecosystem. In order to refine, parameterize, and
test a mathematical model based upon this conceptual
model a program of field and laboratory experiments
was undertaken. The environmental behavior of azin-
phosmethyl was studied in a Michigan apple orchard
watershed to gather data for the model on initial distri-
bution within the orchad, vertical movement of the pes-
ticide under the influence of rainfall, loss from the or-
chard with runoff, and the effects of the pesticide on
several invertebrate populations. The generalized
model developed, entitled the Pesticide Orchard Eco-
system Model (POEM), includes as a special case the
model for the azinphosmethyl applications under the
conditions of this field study.
Keywords: "Ecology, "Pesticides, "Fruit crops, Mathe-
matical models, Distribution (Property), Invertebrates,
Populations, Trees (Plants), Grasses, Runoff, Field
tests, Mortality, Toxicity, Phosphorodithioates, "Pesti-
cide residues, Ecosystems, POEM model, Azinophos-
methyl.
PB84-162734/HSU	CPT11
POEM; Pesticide Orchard Ecosystem Model.
Model-Simulation,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. Gile. 1 Aug 83, mag tape EPA-600/3-83-079B, EPA/
DF-84/001
Source tape is in ASCII character set. Character set re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products if you have questions.
The Pesticide Orchard Ecosystem Model (POEM) is a
mathematical model of organophosphate pesticide
movement in an apple orchard ecosystem. In addition
submodels on invertebrate population dynamics are
included. The fate model allows the user to select the
pesticide, its application rate and general orchard
maintenance. The pesticide is assumed to only move
downward from the site of application. The model ac-
counts for the effects of airborne losses, chemical
binding, moisture movement and non-rain chemical
movement. Extensive reparamaterization of the
model's many submodels is allowed. Output is format-
ted as mass of chemical in major ecosystem compo-
nents daily for up to ten years...Software Description:
The program is written in the Fortran programming lan-
guage for implementation on a Cyber 750 computer
using the MSU Hustler 2 ver. 52.03 operating system.
Keywords: "Model simulation, 'Pesticides, 'Fruit
crops, Ecology, Phosphorus organic compounds,
Mathematical models, Invertebrates, Dosage, Selec-
tion, Maintenance, Magnetic tapes, Organic com-
pounds, Apple trees, Grasses, Soils, Leaves(Botany),
Computer programs, Fortran, Programming lan-
guages, "Ecosystems, 'POEM model.
PB84-162783/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Soli Erosion and Sediment Transport Dynamics In
the Blue Creek Watershed, Pike County, Illinois.
Final rept.,	.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
T. E. Davenport. Dec 83,225p IEPA/WPC/83-004
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Adequate control of soil erosion requires an effective
and efficient management program. This study inte-
grates the results of a SCS Phase II Erosion Inventory,
a computerized geo-based generated potential gross
erosion inventory, a lake sedimentation survey, water
quality monitoring, computer modelling and stream ge-
92 Vol. 90, No. 24
ometry monitoring, computer modelling and stream
geometry monitoring to determine the effectiveness of
implemented RMS's. Various sediment delivery ratio
predictive techniques were examined as part of this
study.
Keywords: "Soil erosion, "Sediment transport, "Blue
Creek Watershed, Concentration(Composition), Math-
ematical models, Erosion control, Water quality, Sedi-
mentation, Rainfall, Cost effectiveness, Reservoirs,
Cultivation, Soil conservation, Terracing, Rotation,
Farm crops, Pike County(lllinois), Land treatment, Strip
cropping.
PB84-162841/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Feasibility of Assessment of Health Risks from
Vapor-Phase Organic Chemicals in Gasoline and
Diesel Exhaust. Final rept.,
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
Oct 83,68p*
Contract EPA-68-01 -4655
The Committee was asked to develop a list of organic
chemicals identified in the vapor phase in exhaust from
diesel- and gasoline-fueled engines and to explore the
availability of toxicologic and epidemiologic informa-
tion on each of them for use in making a quantitative
and qualitative assessment of the human health risk
associated with exposure to such exhaust. The com-
mittee determined that quantitative risk assessment
could probably be applied to only three to five vapor-
phase components of diesel exhaust: formaldehyde,
benz(a)-anthracene, acrolein, and perhaps 2-nitro-
flourene and chrysene. Data on the others seem insuf-
ficient for detailed quantitative risk assessment, al-
though comparative risk assessment or qualitative risk
assessment would be possible. Readers may find in-
teresting the listings in the appendix of specific chemi-
cals in exhaust of engines as summarized from pub-
lished literature.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Organ-
ic compounds, 'Gasoline, 'Toxicology, "Epidemiolo-
gy, Assessments, Feasibility, Risks, Formaldehyde,
Acroleins, 'Health risks, 'Diesel engine exhaust,
'Automobile exhaust, 'Air pollution effects(Humans),
'Occupational safety and health, Benzanthracene,
Flourene/nitro, Chrysene.
PB84-162866/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Microbial Transformation Kinetics of Xenobiotics
In Aquatic Environment. Final rept. Oct 82-Dec 83,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
J. E. Rogers, S. W. Li, and L. J. Felice. Mar 84,105p
EPA-600/3-84-043
Grant EPA-R-810436
The microbiological transformation rates of four organ-
ic compounds, the butoxy-ethylester of 2,4-dichloro-
phenoxyacetic acid (2,4-DBE), p-cresol, alpha-naph-
thol and quinoline, added to natural water samplers
were examined in laboratory experiments. Graphical
analysis of the data with first-order log plots indicated
that transformation of these compounds occurred in
two phases. The initial phase consisted of a lag period
during which no decrease in compound concentration
could be detected. Three of the compounds-p-cresol,
alpha-naphthol and quinoline- were only transformed
following a lag phase. The transformation of 2,4-DBE
occurred immediately upon addition of the compound
to sample waters. The lag period was followed by a
transformation phase where the detectable decrease
in compound concentration could be described by a
pseudo first-order rate equation and for which psuedo
first-order constants could be determined. The varia-
bility in first-order constants for the different com-
pounds ranged from a low of 13.6-fold for 2,4-DBE to a
high of 185-fold for quinoline. Much of the variability
could be accounted for in the range of average bacte-
rial populations, measured during the transformation
phase, that were used to calculate second-order rate
constants and from the observation that second-order
rate constants could be clustered into groups that
were statistically different. The variability of second-
order constants within these groups ranged from 1.18
to 36.14-fold, whereas the first-order constants ranged
from 1.24 to 184.71 -fold.
Keywords: 'Reaction kinetics, 'Water pollution,
'Microbiology, Cresols, Naphthols, Quinolines,
Concentration(Composition), DBE 2-4 herbicide,
Acetic acid/(butoxyethyl-ester)-dichlorolphenoxy.
PB84-1C2874/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Div.
Removal of 'Giardla lamblia' Cysts by Drinking
Water Treatment Plants. Final rept. Sep 78-Mar 82,
Washington Univ., Seattle. Dept. of Environmental
Health.
F. B. DeWalle, J. Engeset, and W. Lawrence. Mar 84,
123p EPA-600/2-84-069
Grant EPA-R-806127
A study was conducted to evaluate the removal of
Giardia lamblia cysts and cyst-sized particles by co-
agulation/sedimentation and filtration, or direct filtra-
tion using 2.3 L/min (0.6 gpm) pilot plants and by diato-
maceous earth (DE) filtration using a 3.8 L/min DE
pilot filter. The units were located at the University of
Washington. The results were verified through field
testing using a 75 L/min (20 gpm) pilot unit. The study
noted greater than 99.9% removal of spiked cysts
under optimum conditions.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, Removal, Particles, Tur-
bidity, Flow rate, Filters, Coagulants, Filtration, Cysts,
Diatomaceous earth, Sedimentation, Pilot plants,
Alums, Flocculating, Efficiency, Performance evalua-
tion, Washington(State), Giardia lamblia.
PB84-1S2882/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Trichloroethy-
lene, External Review Draft,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
L. D. Anderson, S. Bayard, I. W. F. Davidson, J. R.
Fowle, III, and H. J. Gibb. Dec 83,320p EPA-600/8-82-
006B
Trichloroethylene (TCI) is a solvent widely used in the
industrial decreasing of metals. It has been detected In
the ambient air of a variety of urban and non-urban
areas of the United States and also, in natural and mu-
nicipal waters. The weight of available evidence ob-
tained from both animal and human data suggest that
long-term exposure to environmental levels of TCI
poses no serious health concern to the general popu-
lation. No teratogenic potential has been demonstrat-
ed for TCI in studies conducted to date with experi-
mental animals. With respect to the mutagenic poten-
tial of TCI, the data on pure TCI do not allow a conclu-
sion to be drawn. If TCI is mutagenic, the available
data suggest it would be a very weak, indirect muta-
gen. Based on available animal cancer data, the clas-
sification of TCI under the criteria of the International
Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) could either be
'sufficient' or 'limited.' Because there are no adequate
epidemiologic data, the overall ranking of TCI would
place it in a category in which it would be a probable
human carcinogen or one that cannot be classified as
to its carcinogenicity.
Keywords: 'Industrial hygiene, 'Degreasing, 'Metals,
'Air pollution, Solvents, Toxicology, Laboratory ani-
mals, Malignant neoplasms, Urban areas, Exposure,
Physical properties, Chemical properties, Metabolism,
Mutagens, Epidemiology, Risk, Transport properties,
'Ethylene/trichloro, 'Occupational safety and health,
'Indoor air pollution, 'Toxic substances. 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), Cancer, Path of pollutants, Pharma-
cokinetics.
PBB4-162890/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Experimental and Engineering Support for the
CAFB (Chemically Active Fluid-Bed) Demonstra-
tion: Residue Disposal/Utilization. Final rept. 1979-
82.
Westinghouse Research and Development Center,
Pittsburgh, PA.
C. H. Peterson, N. H. Ulerich, R. A. Newby, and D. L.
Keairns. Feb 84,124p EPA-600/7-84-028
Contract EPA-68-02-2142
The report gives results of an investigation of the dis-
posal and utilization of spent sulfur sorbent from the
Chemically Active Fluid-bed (CAFB) process. Lignite
ash with a minimum of 10% CaO can be used as a re-
placement for sand or medium aggregate or as a par-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
manufacturing with higher strengths (14.68 to 26.82
MPa) than standard mixes, 4.62 to 5.62 MPa at 28 day
cure tests. This indicates that the cement content of
the mix may be reduced when CAFB residue is used.
Disposal tests indicate that pH, calcium, and sulfate in
the leachate are primary environmental concerns.
Some lignites and coal may produce levels of trace
materials (e.g., selenium, iron, and manganese) that
exceed regulations. Any appreciable sulfide in the
spent sorbent must be converted to sulfate before dis-
posal. Fine particle size, possibly as small as -44 mi-
crometers, appears necessary for complete conver-
sion of the calcium sulfide to calcium sulfate in com-
pletely sulfided sorbent. Cementitious compounds
may be formed under CAFB operating conditions, thus
aiding disposal and reducing leachates from the spent
sorbent.
Keywords: "Fluidized bed processors, "Air pollution
control equipment, 'Solid waste disposal, "Sorbents,
Leaching, Industrial wastes, Sulfur, Lignite, Sulfates,
'Chemically active fluid bed process, 'Waste utiliza-
tion.
PB84-163062/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Evalua-
tion of the V-70 Vapor Injector Device under Sec-
tion 511 of the Motor Vehicle Information and
Cost Savings Act,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
T. J. Penninga. May 81,84p EPA-AA-TEB-511-81-12
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
This document announces the conclusions of the EPA
evaluation of the 'V-70 Vapor Injector' device under
provisions of Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Infor-
mation and Cost Savings Act. The evaluation of the 'V-
70 Vapor Injector' device was conducted upon the ap-
plication of the manufacturer. The device is basically a
controlled air bleed device where the air is bubbled
through a mixture of water and an additive supplied by
the Applicant. The Applicant submitted insufficient test
data to prove that the 'V-70 Vapor Injector' device
would improve fuel economy. EPA testing of similar
devices failed to show a fuel economy benefit.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, Tests,
Performance evaluation, 'Gas saving devices, V70
vapor injector.
PB84-163260/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Distributed Mixing Burner (DMB) Engineering
Design for Application to Industrial and Utility
Boilers. Final rept. Sep 78-Sep 80,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
B. Folsom, P. Nelson, J. Vatsky, and E.
Campobenedetto. Feb 84,158p EPA-600/7-84-027
Contracts EPA-68-02-3127, EPA-68-02-3130
Prepared in cooperation with Babcock and Wilcox Co.,
Lynchburg, VA. Power Generation Div. and Foster
Wheeler Energy Corp., Livingston, NJ.
The report summarizes the design of two prototype
distributed mixing burners (DMBs) for application to in-
dustrial and utility boilers. The DMB is a low-NOx pul-
verized-coal-fired burner in which: (1) mixing of the
coal with combustion air is controlled to minimize NOx
emissions, and (2) an overall oxidizing environment is
maintained to avoid slagging and corrosion. Several
DMB configurations were tested in two research fur-
naces over a range of operating conditions. The data
were evaluated to develop design criteria for optimum
performance. Two prototype DMBs were then de-
signed by integrating the design criteria with commer-
cial burner components. One Burner was designed for
application to an industrial size (215,000 lb/hr) Foster
Wheeler boiler. The second prototype burner was de-
signed for application to a general class of Babcock
and Wilcox opposed-fired utility size boilers, because a
utility-size host boiler had not been selected.
Keywords: 'Boilers, 'Burners, 'Air pollution control,
Industrial wastes, Electric power plants, Nitrogen
oxides, Combustion products, Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, 'Distributed mixing burners.
PB84-183278/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Removal of Trlhalomethane Precursors by Direct
Filtration and Conventional Treatment. Final rept.
Jan 80-Jun 83,
Clarkson Coll. of Technology, Potsdam, NY. Dept. of
Civil and Environmental Engineering.
J. K. Edzwald. Mar 84, 243p EPA-600/2-84-068
Grant EPA-R-807034
This research examined direct filtration for the removal
of trihalomethane (THM) precursors. Direct filtration
pilot plant results were compared with the perform-
ance of two full scale conventional type water treat-
ment plants. Two different water sources were studied
- the Grasse River, a highly colored supply and the
Glenmore Reservoir, a low turbidity, protected upland
supply. Direct filtration with cationic polymers as sole
coagulants is an effective treatment process. Both
conventional plants employed alum as the primary co-
agulant. This study showed that UV (254 nm) absor-
bance is a good surrogate parameter for predicting raw
water NPTOC and THM precursors, for monitoring
direct filtration performance for removals of these pa-
rameters, and for monitoring removals of these param-
eters by the two conventional water plants.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Filtration, 'Coagulation,
Potable water, Performance evaluation, Pilot plants,
Polymers, "Halomethanes.
PB84-163286/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Pollutant Formation during Fixed-Bed and Sus-
pension Coal Combustion. Final rept. Jun 78-Jun
81,
Utah Univ., Salt Lake City. Dept. of Chemical Engineer-
ing.
S. C. Manis, J. M. Munro, S. P. Purcell, G. P. Starley,
and D. M. Slaughter. Feb 84,80p EPA-600/7-84-026
Grant EPA-R-805899
The report summarizes a 3-year study of the formation
and control of nitrogen and sulfur oxides (NOx and
SOx) in industrial coal-fired boilers, with emphasis on
stoker-fired units. Three major research areas were
considered: the evolution and oxidation of fuel nitro-
gen and sulfur, the retention of SOx by ash and/or
solid-chemical sorbents, and the effectiveness of dis-
tributed air addition for NOx control. The study also in-
cluded quantification of the combustion process in a
stoker environment and consideration of possible det-
rimental effects of control technology on boiler oper-
ation. Study results indicate that two types of NOx con-
trols appear to be viable: (1) the coal feed could be
screened to remove the fines (particles < 0.1 in.), es-
sentially eliminating the high conversion of nitrogen
evolved in the suspension zone and resulting In an
overall emissions reduction of about 10-40%, depend-
ing on the amount normally present in the raw coal;
and (2) the primary overfire-air injection port could be
moved to above the spreader and the suspension
zone and bed region could both be operated substoi-
chiometric, reducing emissions by as much as 50%.
Unfortunately, controlling S02 formation in either a
spreader or mass-burning stoker unit appears to be dif-
ficult.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Stokers, 'Boilers,
'Nitrogen oxides, 'Sulfur oxides, Performance evalua-
tion, Design criteria, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Comparison.
PB84-163302/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Examination of One-Hour N02 Predictions from
Photochemical Air Quality Models,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
K. L. Schere, and J. H. Shreffler. Mar 84,115p EPA-
600/3-84-046
This report discusses an evaluation of three photo-
chemical air quality simulation models for predictions
of 1-h N02 concentrations in urban areas using the
data from the Regional Air Pollution Study in St. Louis.
There is a need for models to estimate such concen-
trations should a short-term National Ambient Air Qual-
ity Standard (NAAQS) for N02 be promulgated by the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This work is an
extension of the urban-scale model evaluation study
conducted by EPA for estimating 1-h 03 concentra-
tions. The models discussed here include the Photo-
chemical Box Model (PBM), the Lagrangian Photo-
chemical Model (LPM), and the Urban Airshed Model
(UAM). The variance in the residuals for all models
was quite high and prevented an endorsement of any
of the tested models for use in air quality analysis for
N02 at this time.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen dioxide, "Photochemistry,
'Mathematical models, Urban areas,
Concentration(Composition), Performance evaluation,
Ozone, 'Air quality, Photochemical box model, La-
grangian photochemical model, Urban airshed model.
PB84-163823/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Estimated Population Near Uranium Tailings,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
C. H. Bloomster, J. A. Dirks, D. R. Brown, E. A. Griffin,
and G. A. Bruno. Jan 84,77p PNL-4959
Contract DE-AC06-76RLO-1830
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Errata sheet inserted.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was
directed by Congress to promulgate health and envi-
ronmental standards for uranium mill tailings under the
Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act of 1978.
This Act established two programs to protect public
health, safety and the environment from uranium mill
tailings. One program was aimed at sites designated
inactive-sites at which all milling had stopped and
which are no longer under license. The second pro-
gram was directed at active sites-sites that are li-
censed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
or the state in which the site is located. EPA issued
such standards during 1983. Estimates of the health
risks from radon emitted from tailings sites were a
most important consideration in developing these
standards. Because radon emitted from tailings piles
disperses rapidly in the atmosphere, risk estimates are
greatly dependent on the total number of people living
nearby and on their proximity to the tailings areas.
Thus, it is necessary to have accurate population data
at tailings sites to make reasonably accurate estimates
of the health risk. Therefore, EPA concluded that pop-
ulation estimates were needed to assure reasonably
accurate health risk estimates. This led to the Pacific
Northwest Laboratory (PNL) surveys described in this
report.
Keywords: 'Populations, Estimates, Radiation haz-
ards, Radon, 'Uranium mills, 'Mill tailings, 'Health
risks, Radioactive waste disposal, Uranium Mill Tail-
ings Radiation Control Act of 1978, Environment pro-
tection.
PB84-163898/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Development of Criteria for Extension of Applica-
bility of Low Emission, High Efficiency Coal Burn-
ers: Second Annual Report. Rept. for Oct 78-Sep
79,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
A. Brienza, S. Chen, M. Heap, J. Lee, and W. Nurick.
Feb 84,209p EPA-600/7-84-017B
Contract EPA-68-02-2667
See also PB82-197153.
The report, describing the second year's effort under
this contract, concerns the development of criteria for
the evaluation and applicability of low-emission, high
efficiency coal burners. The report describes progress
in three major areas: (1) bench scale studies, (2) dis-
tributed mixing burner (DMB) development, and (3)
comparison with commercial practice. No operability
problems were encountered with different fuel types,
but NO emissions were fuel dependent. Several com-
mercial burners were tested satisfactorily in the test fa-
cility.
Keywords: "Burners, "Air pollution control, Perform-
ance evaluation, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Nitrogen oxides, Nitrogen oxide(NO), Design
criteria, Comparison, Distributed mixing burners.
PB84-164052/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Prediction Parameters of Radionuclide Retention
at Low-Level Radioactive Waste Sites,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
J. Neiheisel. Nov 83,39p EPA-520/1-83-025
Three low-level radioactive waste (LLW) sites situated
within three of the ma|or surficial deposits of the United
States are being investigated to determine predictive
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
parameters that may exist for assessing the radionu-
clide retention at future LLW sites. Each of the major
surficial deposits has a unique assemblage of sorptive
minerals, texture, and chemical environmental factors
that affect the sorption mechanism of the radionu-
clides. The LLW sites are located at Beatty, Nevada;
West Valley, New York; and Barnwell, South Carolina.
Preliminary results reveal predictive linear relation-
ships for cesium and strontium in a plot of the percent
sorptive minerals versus the sorption coefficient (Kd).
The percent sorptive minerals are determined by a
quantitative mineral method.
Keywords: "Sorption, Coefficients, Minerals, Cesium,
Strontium, Mineralogy, Clay, Mineral deposits, Soil
chemistry, New York, Nevada, South Carolina, "Radio-
active waste facilities, "Low-level radioactive wastes,
"Radioisotopes, Beatty(Nevada), West Valley(New
York), Barnwell(South Carolina).
PB84-164060/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Metallic Mineral Processing Plants - Background
Information (or Promulgated Standards. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jan 84, 57p EPA-450/3-81-009C
See also PB83-114280.
Standards of performance are promulgated for the
control of particulate matter from metallic mineral
plants processing metallic ores into metallic concen-
trates containing one of the following metals: alumi-
num, copper, gold, iron, lead, molybdenum, silver, tita-
nium, tungsten, uranium, zinc, and zirconium. The
standards, promulgated under the authority of Section
III of the Clean Air Act, limit stack emissions and fugi-
tive emissions opacity. These standards apply to new,
modified, and reconstructed metallic mineral process-
ing plants. This document contains a summary of the
comments on the proposal of these standards in the
Federal Register, the Environmental Protection Agen-
cy's response to these comments, and any changes to
the standard since proposal.
Keywords: "Environmental impact statements-final,
"Air pollution control, "Standards, "Metal industry,
"Minerals, "Particles, Tables(Data), Regulations,
Concentration(Composition), Opacity, Economic
impact, Tests, Monitoring, "Air pollution abatement,
Fugitive emissions.
PB84-164078/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Review and Evaluation of the Evidence for Cancer
Associated with Air Pollution. External Review
Draft,
Clement Associates, Inc., Washington, DC.
I. C. T. Nisbet, M. A. Schneiderman, N. J. Karch, and D.
M. Siegel. Nov 83,291 p EPA-450/5-83-006
Contract EPA-68-02-3396
This draft report is a comprehensive summary and
compilation of the scientific evidence related to the hy-
pothesis that cancer rates in human populations are
associated with their exposure to pollutants present in
the ambient air. Critical comments on the strength and
weaknesses of the studies are presented and general
methodological problems in the conduct and interpre-
tation of the studies are discussed. No overall judg-
ments about the weight of the entire body of scientific
evidence are presented. This draft is being circulated
for technical review and comment.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Toxicology, Reviews, Expo-
sure, Malignant neoplasms, Public health, Epidemiolo-
gy, Urban area, Risks, Sources, Arsenic, Asbestos,
Vinyl chloride, Petrochemistry, Iron and steel industry,
"Cancer, "Air pollution effects(Humans).
PB84-164128/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Pollution Episodic Model User's Guide. Final rept.
Sep 81-Apr 83,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Oak Ridge, TN. Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion
Div.
K. S. Rao, and M. M. Stevens. Mar 84,196p EPA-600/
8-84-008
The Pollution Episodic Model (PEM) is an urban-scale
model designed to predict short-term average ground-
94 Vol. 90, No. 24
level concentrations and deposition fluxes of one or
two gaseous or particulate pollutants at multiple recep-
tors. The two pollutants may be non-reactive, or
chemically-coupled through a first-order chemical
transformation. Up to 300 isolated point sources and
50 distributed area sources may be considered in the
calculations. Concentration and deposition flux esti-
mates are made using the mean meteorological data
for an hour. Up to a maximum of 24 hourly scenarios of
meteorology may be included in an averaging period.
The concentration algorithms used in PEM are special-
ly developed to account for the effects of dry deposi-
tion, sedimentation, and first-order chemical transfor-
mation.
Keywords: "Mathematical models, "Air pollution, "Par-
ticles, Urban areas, Concentration(Composition), Al-
gorithms, Computer programs. Deposition, Sedimenta-
tion, Reaction kinetics, "Pollution episodic model.
PB84-164144/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Response of Crude Oil Slicks to Dispersant Treat-
ment at Sea, 1978 Tests. Final rept. Jan 78-Dec 80.
JBF Scientific Corp., Wilmington, MA.
Mar84,89p* EPA-600/2-84-067A
Grant EPA-R-806056
See also PB84-164151. Prepared in cooperation with
American Petroleum Inst., Washington, DC.
Four small research oil spills (3.54 cu m each) were
made to compare the physical and chemical behavior
of crude oils on the sea with and without dispersant
treatment. Work was performed 90 km southeast of
New York Harbor under a research ocean dumping
permit from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA). Each spill was made from a research vessel
and was tracked by vessel and aircraft for several hrs.
Two crude oils were used; one spill of each was treat-
ed with dispersant after 30 min, and one was allowed
to weather naturally as an experimental control. A self-
mix dispersant was sprayed on the two treated slicks
from a helicopter that had been fitted with a spray
system delivering droplets whose mean diameter was
approximately 2 mm. More than 750 samples of back-
ground water, water under the slicks, and surface
water were taken for chemical analysis. Sampling con-
tinued for 6 to 7 hr after each spill. Aerial photographs
were taken, and representative photographs are pre-
sented in this report. Currents and winds were meas-
ured, leading to interpretation of physical transport of
the oils. This report complements earlier work per-
formed in 1975 and 1978.
Keywords: "Crude oil, "Physical properties, "Chemical
properties, "Transport properties, Research projects,
Dispersing, Aerial surveys, Sampling, Tests, Sites,
Chemical analysis, "Oil spills, Oil pollution control.
PB84-164151/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Response of Crude Oil Slicks to Dispersant Treat-
ment at Sea, 1979 Tests. Final rept. Jan 79-Dec 80.
JBF Scientific Corp., Wilmington, MA.
Mar 84,66p* EPA-600/2-84-067B
Grant EPA-R-806056
See also PB84-164144. Prepared in cooperation with
American Petroleum Inst., Washington, DC.
Four small research oil spills (3.54 cu m each) were
made to compare the physical and chemical behavior
of crude oils on the sea with and without dispersant
treatment. Work was performed 90 km southeast of
New York Harbor under a research ocean dumping
permit from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA). Each spill was made from a research vessel
and was tracked by vessel and aircraft for several hr.
Two crude oils were used; one spill of each was treat-
ed with dispersant after 30 min, and one was allowed
to weather naturally as an experimental control. A self-
mix dispersant was sprayed on the two treated slicks
from a helicopter that had been fitted with a spray
system delivering droplets whose mean diameter was
approximately 2 mm. More than 750 samples of back-
ground water, water under the slicks, and surface
water were taken for chemical analysis. Sampling con-
tinued for 6 to 7 hr after each spill. Aerial photographs
were taken, and representative photographs are pre-
sented in this report. Currents and winds were meas-
ured, leading to interpretation of physical transport of
the oils. This report complements earlier work per-
formed in 1975 and 1978.
Keywords: "Crude oil, "Physical properties, "Chemical
properties, "Transport properties, Research projects.
Dispersing, Aerial surveys, Sampling, Tests, Sitesi
Chemical analysis, "Oil spills, Oil pollution control.
PB84-164219/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.
Validation of Chemical and Biological Techniques
for Evaluation of Vapors in Ambient Air/Mutage-
nlcity Testing of Twelve (12) Vapor-Phase Com-
pounds,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
T. J. Hughes, C. Sparacino, and S. Frazier. Mar 84,
204p EPA-600/1 -84-005
Contract EPA-68-02-3170
The overall objective of this research was to further
validate Ames mutagenicity preincubation system for
detection of vapors in ambient air. Parametes for de-
tection of vapors in the Ames/Salmonella mutagenic-
ity assay were investigated and 12 vapor-phase com-
pounds were tested for mutagenic potential in the
above validated protocol with strains TA97, TA98 and
TA100, both with and without Aroclor-induced hamster
and rat liver S9. The 12 vapor-phase compounds
tested were: methylene chloride, formaldehyde, trich-
loroethylene, ethylene dichloride, epichlorohydrin, ni-
tropropane, nitrobenzene, hydrogen sulfide, butene,
propylene, acetylene, and ethylene oxide. Ethylene
oxide, epichlorohydrin, ethylene dichloride and methyl-
ene chloride were mutagenic.
Keywords: "Mutagens, "Air pollution, "Chemical analy-
sis, "Bioassay, Laboratory animals, Sampling, Chloro-
methanes, Formaldehyde, Epichlorohydrin, Toxicity,
Ethylene oxide, Nitrobenzenes, Hydrogen sulfide, Bu-
tenes, Propylene, Acetylene, "Ames bioassay, "Toxic
substances, Tenax resins. Methane/chloro, Ethylene/
trichloro, Aroclors, Ethane/dichloro, Propane/nitro.
PB84-164284/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Development and Evaluation of Dilution Probes
Used for Sampling to Determine Source Signa-
tures,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL
J. D. McCain, and A. D. Williamson. Mar 84, 33p EPA-
600/3-84-045
Contract EPA-68-02-3118
The NEA, Inc., stack sampling system was evaluated.
It is designed for obtaining emission -source samples
in two particle-size ranges (<2.5 micrometers and 2.5-
10 micrometers) corresponding to those covered by di-
chotomous atmospheric samplers. Laboratory tests of
the dichtomous sampler were made in a wind tunnel
10 cm in diameter, using monodisperse ammonium flu-
orescein aerosol particles 1.3-16 micrometers in diam-
eter generated by a spin disk. The system was judged
to be reasonably well suited for defining emission
source signatures.
Keywords: "Electrostatic probes, "Air pollution, Chim-
neys, Sampling, Particle size, Wind tunnels, Perform-
ance evaluation, Air filters, Sources, "Air pollution
sampling, "Dichtomous samplers.
PB84-164813/HSU	PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Evaluation of Method SB at an Oil-Fired Boiler,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
J. Prohaska. Jan 84,499p EPA-450/3-84-007
This report describes the development and evaluation
of Method 5B at an oil-fired boiler. Different sampling
and analysis techniques for measuring nonsulfuric acid
particulate matter were compared and evaluated. Sta-
tistical analyses of the results comparing the precision
of the different techniques are presented.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Gas analysis, "Sulfates
Sampling, Sources, Quality assurance, Laboratory
equipment, Field tests, Tables(Data), 'EPA method
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB84-165034/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Recom-
mended Practice for Naming l/M (Inspection/
Maintenance) Calibration Gas: A Discussion for 1/
M Programs. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technical Support Staff.
Sep 83, 23p EPA-AA-TSS-83-8-A
See also PB84-165042.
This volume of a two-volume report explains how cali-
bration gases are used in Inspection and Maintenance
(l/M) programs, and introduces a Recommended
Practice for gas manufacturers to use when naming I/
M calibration gas cylinders. Details of the Recom-
mended Practice are presented in a separate report
entitled 'Recommended Practice for Naming l/M Cali-
bration Gases', (PB84-165042). States are encour-
aged to procure gases named according to this Rec-
ommended Practice for their own use, and to require li-
censed inspection stations to procure them to ensure
that they are obtaining accurate calibration gases
which meet the terms of the Emission Control System
Performance Warranty, and to improve the general
quality of their Inspection and Maintenance programs.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, "In-
spection, 'Maintenance, 'Motor vehicles. Regula-
tions, Standards, State government, Calibrating.
PB84-165042/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Recom-
mended Practice for Naming l/M (Inspection/
Maintenance) Calibration Gas. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technical Support Staff.
Sep 83, 28p EPA-AA-TSS-83-8-B
See also PB84-165034.
This volume the second of a two volume report pre-
sents a set of procedures scientific gas manufacturers
can use to blend, analyze, and label calibration gases
for infrared inspection analyzers used in motor vehicle
inspection and maintenance (l/M) programs. The pro-
cedures are intended to be used on gases a manufac-
turer labels with the phrase 'made in accordance with
the EPA Recommended Practice For Naming l/M Cali-
bration Gas.' EPA has established no legal require-
ments that gas manufacturers follow this set of proce-
dures. However, claims by a gas manufacturer that a
gas has been made in accordance with this set of pro-
cedures may create rights and obligations under exist-
ing State or Federal law, particularly those related to
fair marketing procedures and product warranties.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, "In-
spection, "Maintenance, "Spectrochemical analysis,
Motor vehicles, Calibrating, Standards, Regulations,
State government.
PB84-165315/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
National Water Quality Inventory: 1982 Report to
Congress.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Feb 84, 70p* EPA/440/2-84/006
See also PB-279 462.
Contents:
Background of the Clean Water Act;
National program directions for the 1980s;
Water quality status;
Pollution sources and control programs;
Costs and benefits of meeting the Clean Water Act
goal.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, Hazardous materials.
Ground water, Inventories, Rivers, Streams, Bacteria.
Standards, Allocations, Waste disposal, Monitoring,
Grants, Construction, Water quality, Trends, Toxicity.
State government, Assessments, Chesapeake Bay,
Great Lakes, Nutrients, "Clean Water Act, "Nonpoint
sources, Priorities, 'Eutrophication, Water Pollution
Control Act Amendments of 1972.
PB84-165810/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Review and Evaluation of Available Techniques
for Determining Persistence and Routes of Degra-
dation of Chemical Substances in the Environ-
ment: An Update of the 1975 Report. Final rept.
Aug 79-Dec 81,
Syracuse Research Corp., NY. Life and Environmental
Sciences Div.
P. H. Howard, S. Banerjee, and A. Rosenberg. Dec 81,
381 p* EPA-560/5-81-011
Contract EPA-68-01-5798
See also PB-243 825.
This report updates a 1975 study (EPA 68-01-2210 -
Final Report NTIS PB 243-825) that reviewed and
evaluated the present state of techniques which have
been used to determine the environmental persistence
and pathways of degradation of chemicals released
into the environment. Both chemical and biological
routes of degradation in the environment were consid-
ered. New developments since the 1975 report includ-
ed validation and round-robin testing of biodegradation
tests and the development of screening tests that did
not require specific chemical analysis. Considerable
progress was also made in understanding the mecha-
nism and rates of some non-biological degradation
processes.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, "Biodeterioration,
'Degradation, 'Environmental surveys, "Water pollu-
tion, Reviews, Sewage treatment, Soils, Chemical
analysis, Cost analysis, Photochemistry, Hydrolysis,
Air pollution, Chemical reactions, "Path of pollutants,
Ecosystems, Chemical reaction mechanisms.
PB84-166461/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Study of Emissions from Twenty High Mileage
1980 Model Year Passenger Cars Equipped with
the General Motor (GM) 350 CIO Dlesei Engine.
Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
T. C. Bejma. Nov 83,9p EPA-AA-TEB-84-1
This report describes the results of an exhaust emis-
sion testing program conducted by EPA on twenty
diesel-powered General Motors passenger cars. Each
was a full size 1980 model equipped with a 350 CID
engine (family designation: 03J9ZG). The primary pur-
pose of this program was to assess the emission dura-
bility of this engine which in 1980 was equipped with an
EGR system and technological improvements to
reduce hydrocarbon, NOx, and particulate emissions.
A secondary objective was the gathering of samples
for subsequent Ames Test analyses.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Diesel
engines, Motor vehicles, Exhaust emissions, Carbon
monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Emission control systems,
Ames test, General Motors automobiles, Motor vehi-
cles) 1980 models).
PB84-166495/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Development of Test for Determining Anaerobic
Biodegradation Potential. Rept. for Sep 79-Sep 81,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of Crop and
Soil Sciences.
D. R. Shelton, and J. M. Tiedje. Sep 81,92p EPA-560/
5-81-013
Contract EPA-68-01-5043
This project was for the purpose of developing and
evaluating a suitable screening-level laboratory
method for the evaluation of the potential that an or-
ganic compound might be susceptible to anaerobic
biodegradation (methanogenesis) in the environment.
As it developed, the project focused on a method
under consideration by the American Society for Test-
ing and Materials (ASTM) and the report contains sev-
eral recommendations as appropriate, for the modifi-
cation of the draft ASTM method. Overall, the report,
with the recommended modifications, consists of a
single-lab validation of the basic method. The method
also appears as one of the EPA Office of Toxic Sub-
stances Chemical Fate Test Guidelines. In the
method, a chemically defined anaerobic medium con-
taining resazurin, as an oxidation/reduction indicator,
and 10 primary anaerobic digestor sludge are dis-
pensed in 100-mL portions into serum bottles. Select-
ed bottles are supplemented with test substance at a
concentration equivalent to 50 mg/L as organic
carbon. Gas production is measured at appropriate in-
tervals. The extent of biodegradation is determined by
comparing gas production from blank control bottles
and bottles containing the test substance.
Keywords: 'Anaerobic processes, 'Biodeterioration,
'Organic compounds, 'Environmental surveys,
'Sludge disposal, Solid waste disposal, Industrial
wastes, Metabolism, Oxidation reduction reactions,
Sampling, Toxic substances, Sewage sludge, Gas pro-
duction rates.
PB84-166669/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Manufacturfng-
Use and Certain End-Use Pesticide Products Con-
taining Monuron-TCA (035502) as the Active In-
redlent.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1 Jul 83,69p EPA/540-R S-83-007
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Labels, Toxicity, Risks, Stand-
ards, Storage, Regulations, Manufacturing, Licenses,
Herbicides, 'Registration, "Monuran TCA, Federal in-
secticide fungicide and rodenticide act, Urea/(chloro-
phenyl)-dimethyl.
PB84-166776/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC. Office of
Biological Services.
Playa Wetlands and Wildlife on the Southern
Great Plains: A Guide to Habitat Management,
Nelson (R. Wayne) and Associates, Inc., Boulder, CO.
R. W. Nelson, W. J. Logan, E. C. Weller, and C. A.
Seglequist. Sep 83,111 p FWS/OBS-83/29
Contract FWS-14-16-0009-81 -053
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
This report describes management techniques that
can be implemented on playa wetlands of the South-
ern Great Plains to make them more attractive to wild-
life and fish. The report is aimed at the wildlife manag-
er, the landowner, and the sportsman. It is the purpose
of the report to suggest management options, de-
scribe management techniques, and discuss potential
costs and benefits of managing playas for wildlife and
fish.
Keywords: "Playas, "Swamps, "Ecology, "Wildlife,
Fishes, Benefit cost analysis, Land use, Management,
Recreation, Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Kansas,
Colorado, "Habitats, Great Plains Region(United
States).
PB84-166818/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Analytical Capability of the Environmental Radi-
ation Ambient Monitoring System,
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
J. A. Broadway, and M. Mardis. Sep 83, 74p EPA-520/
5-83-024
The ERAMS program is composed of a network of
sampling stations throughout the United States plus an
associated radioanalyStical and assessment support
group. These components provide a capability to
evaluate environmental consequences from both
normal ambient concentrations of radiation and time
dependent changes as measured by the samples. The
program is structured to measure concentrations of ra-
dionuclides in air, milk, surface water, and drinking
water and to estimate dose and health impact. Several
examples of short-term and long-term assessments of
dose and health effect calculations from the ERAMS
data base have been presented in this report.
Keywords: "Radioactive contaminants, "Radioactivity,
Airborne wastes, Surface waters. Potable water, Milk,
Radiation dosage, Krypton 85, Iodine 131, Cesium
137, Tritium, Strontium 90, Carbon 14, Uranium 235,
Plutonium 238, Plutonium 239, Health physics, "Radi-
ation monitoring, ERAMS program, Health hazards,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Uranium 234, Uranium 238, Potassium 40, Barium 140,
Strontium 89, Iodine 129, Iodine 127.
PB84-166842/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of Geomembrane Seams Exposed to
Selected Environmental Conditions. Rept. for Mar-
Dec 83,
Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, CO.
M. A. Curran, and R. K. Frobel. 1984, 22p EPA-600/D-
84-079
The integrity of a geomembrane installation is no
better than its seaming system. In an attempt to learn
more about the strength and durability of presently
available seaming systems, the Municipal Environ-
mental Research Laboratory of the United States Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has funded re-
search with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) to
evaluate geomembrane liner seams exposed to se-
lected simulated environmental conditions. A total of
37 combinations of reinforced and nonreinforced poly-
meric sheet materials joined by various seaming meth-
ods are being subjected to chemical solutions, brine
and water immersion, freeze/thaw cycling, wet/drying
cycling, heat aging and accelerated outdoor aging.
Laboratory evaluation of the effects of environmental
exposure will include before and after mechanical test-
ing of seams (dynamic load, in shear and peel, and
static dead load) and Gas Chromatography (GC) or
Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS)
analysis of the polymeric materials. Immersion tests
were started in the fall of 1983, however, at the time of
this printing no comparative data were available for
publication.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Linings, 'Earth fills,
"Seaming, Polymeric films, Water pollution control,
Durability, Chemical compounds, Physical properties,
Chemical analysis, Plastics, Elastomers, Membranes,
Polyethylene, Polyvinyl chloride, Exposure.
PB84-166859/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Permeability of Polymeric Membrane Lining Mate-
rials. Technical paper,
Matrecon, Inc., Oakland, CA.
H. E. Haxo, Jr., J. A. Miedema, and N. A. Nelson. 1984,
10p EPA-600/D-84-080
Contract EPA-68-03-2969
Permeabilities to three gases (carbon dioxide, meth-
ane, and nitrogen), water vapor, and five solvents
(methanol, acetone, cyclohexane, xylene, and chloro-
form) are reported for a broad range of commercial
polymeric membranes. Gas and water vapor transmis-
sion (WVT) data were determined by ASTM methods
and solvent vapor transmission data were obtained in
a modified WVT procedure. Permeability characteris-
tics of thermoplastic and partially crystalline mem-
branes were also assessed in pouch-type tests with
salt solutions, actual wastes, acetone, xylene, and
water-soluble and organic-soluble dyes. All mem-
branes were permeable to some extent. Magnitude
and direction of fluid transport vary with the membrane
composition and its thickness, temperature, the per-
meant fluid, and the driving force which depends upon
the concentration or the vapor pressure gradient
across the membrane. Permeability depends upon the
solubility and diffusion characteristics of the permeant
in the particular membrane.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Linings, "Perme-
ability, "Polymeric films, Membranes, Diffusion, Solu-
bility, Water pollution, Solid waste disposal, Transport
properties, Gases, Earth fills, Laboratory equipment.
Vapor phases, Thermoplastic resins, Liquid waste dis-
posal.
PB84-166974/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Cincinnati, OH.
Newtown Fish Toxicology Station.
Computer Interfaced Toxicity Testing System for
Simulating Variable Effluent Loading,
Virginia Polytechnic Inst, and State Univ., Blacksburg.
J. Cairns, Jr., and K. W. Thompson. 1984,20p EPA-
600/ D-84-063
Grant EPA-R-805274
Water quality criteria and standards are based primari-
ly on toxicity tests carried out with single chemicals
96 Vol. 90, No. 24
whose concentration is as nearly constant as possible.
In the 'real world', however, organisms are exposed to
mixtures of chemicals which usually have markedly
fluctuating concentrations. The primary difficulties in
simulating 'real world' conditions in toxicity testing are:
(a) a means of varying chemical concentration to fit a
predetermined set of conditions, and (b) a system
which is capable of tracking and recording the re-
sponse of aquatic organisms to these variations and
which is quantitative and suitable for cross correlations
of dose and response. Mini- and microcomputer inter-
facing with a toxicity testing system provides a means
of systematically varying the concentration of a test
chemical or chemicals in a continuous flow system.
The same computer can also be used for the data ac-
quisition system to store the voluminous time-series bi-
ological response data necessary for cross correla-
tions with variable chemical concentrations. A descrip-
tion of the apparatus, examples of its use, types of
data generated, and data analysis are discussed.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Water pollution, "Chemical com-
pounds, Laboratory equipment, Dosage,
Concentration(Composition), Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, "Water quality, "Water pollution
effects(Animals), "Toxic substances, Computer appli-
cations.
PB84-166982/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Mercury Mass Distribution during Laboratory and
Simulated in-situ Oil Shale Retorting. Summary
rept.,
California Univ., Berkeley. Lawrence Berkeley Lab.
A. T. Hodgson, M. J. Pollard, G. J. Harris, D. C. Girvin,
and J. P. Fox. Mar 84,47p EPA-600/2-84-073
Contract W-7405-eng-48
Total mercury mass in oil shale retort offgas was quan-
tified in a series of laboratory retorting experiments
and in a simulated modified in-situ (MIS) retorting ex-
periment. Accurate quantitative determinations of
offgas Hg mass were made possible by the use of a
continuous on-line Hg monitor. Total Hg mass in the
raw shale feedstock and in the processed shale was
quantified for all experiments. In addition, total Hg
mass in the product oil and water was quantified for
the laboratory experiments. The results of the labora-
tory and simulated in-situ retorting experiments provid-
ed evidence which suggests that adsorption of Hg on
unretorted or partially retorted shale ultimately controls
the movement and final release of Hg to the offgas
during MIS retorting.
Keywords: "Mercury(Metal), "Mass, "Oil shale, 'Air
pollution, Laboratory equipment, Adsorption, "In-situ
retorting.
PB84-166990/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
EPA's (Environmental Protection Agency's)
Center for Water Quality Modeling,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
T. O. Barnwell, Jr. 1984, 8p* EPA-600/D-84-056
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) es-
tablished the Center for Water Quality Modeling to pro-
vide a focal point for water quality modeling activities.
The Center supports a range of techniques and com-
puter programs for water quality analysis ranging from
simple desk-top techniques appropriate for preliminary
analysis to sophisticated continuous simulation
models for detailed planning. This paper describes the
models supported by the Center and gives an overview
of the Center's activities, which include distribution and
maintenance of computer programs, training, and
sponsorship of a users group.
Keywords: "Water quality, "Research projects, Mathe-
matical models. Simulation, User needs, "Computer
applications.
PB84-167204/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Study of Exhaust Emission* from Thirty Five High
Mileage 1979 Passenger Cars. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
J. C. Shelton. Sep 83, 32p EPA-AA-TEB-83-5
This paper describes the results of an exhaust emis-
sion testing program conducted on thirty-five 1979
passenger cars. The primary purpose of this program
was to examine the emission performance of high-
mileage vehicles. Secondary objectives included an
assessment of the condition and performance of the
emission-related components and adjustments and in-
formation for development and improvement of l/M
programs. The work was performed by Automotive
Testing Laboratories (ATL) at the Transportation Re-
search Center in East Liberty, Ohio. The results of this
program indicate that these vehicles are capable of
maintaining low emission levels although high levels
are also possible due to emission control component
failure, engine wear, deterioration and tampering.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Exhaust emissions,
"Maintenance, 'Inspection, "Motor vehicles. Perform-
ance evaluation, Exhaust systems, Assessments.
PB84-167493/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Indicators of Hazard for Polycyclic Organic
Matter,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J. 0. Milliken, M. R. Leadbetter, and R. J. Carroll. 1984,
21 p EPA-600/D-84-068
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill. Dept. of Statistics.
The paper addresses the problem of relating measure-
ments of polycyclic organic matter (POM) in source
emissions to the potential hazard associated with the
total POM in the sample measured. Although uncer-
tainties exist in these quantitative measurements of
POM, a more serious problem concerns the relation of
hazard to a given mass and composition of POM. As
used here, hazard is defined as the quantity that may
be used to indicate the relative environmental prob-
lems of various source emissions. For each individual
type of POM source, both benzo(a)-pyrene~B(a)P-
and total POM provide excellent indicators of hazard,
evaluated by a weighted sum of concentrations. The
method of using a linear combination of masses of the
individual POM compounds to model hazard due to
POM is shown to be appropriate under certain condi-
tions, and to follow directly from a simple probabilistic
model of the physical and chemical events leading up
to a response event. The results suggest that, in most
cases, total POM measurements provide somewhat
more consistent hazard prediction than those of B(a)P.
In view of this, the total POM indicator should be more
useful in predicting hazard for sources for which the
compound-specific composition of POM emitted is not
well known.
Keywords: "Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, 'Haz-
ards, "Environmental surveys, "Hazardous materials.
Concentration(Composition), Sources, Exhaust emis-
sions, Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Sam-
pling, Toxicity, Chemical analysis, "Polycyclic organic
matter, Benzopyrenes, Numerical solution.
PB84-167501/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of WHO-IPCS Chemicals by the
C3H10T1/2CL8 Morphological Transformation
Bloassay,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. Nesnow, G. Curtis, and H. Garland. 1984,24p EPA-
600/D-84-070
In the laboratory, the authors have utilized C3H10T1 /2
cells to study the effects of environmental chemicals
on mammalian cells. During the course of these stud-
ies, they bioassayed a wide variety of chemicals in-
cluding polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkylating
agents, aromatic amines, azodyes, solvents, pesti-
cides, mycotoxlns, carbamates, and nitroaromatics.
The results of these studies are summarized. In the
present study, the authors evaluated the effects of
hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA). o-toluidine, ben-
zene, safrole, and caprolactam on oncogenic transfor-
mation of C3H10T1/2 cells. The original protocol of
Reznikoff et al. (1973a) was used with minor variation.
Keywords: "Bioassays, "Chemical compounds, "Cell
morphology, "Environmental surveys, 'Malignant neo-
plasms, Lactams, Toluidine, Benzenes
Cultures(Biology),	Public	health'
ConcentrationfComposition), Nitrogen organic com-
pounds, "Toxic substances, Phosphoramide/hexa-
methyl, Benzene, Benzene/allyl-(methylenedi-oxy)
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB84-167519/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Site-to-Slte Variation in Performance of Disper-
sion Parameter Estimation Schemes,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J. S. Irwin. 1984,16p EPA-600/D-84-069
The lateral and vertical Gaussian plume dispersion pa-
rameters are estimated and compared with dispersion
parameters determined for field tracer experiments
conducted at 11 sites. The dispersion parameter
schemes used in this analysis include Cramer's sug-
gested for tall stack dispersion estimates, Draxler's,
suggested for elevated and surface releases, and Pas-
quiil s, suggested for interim use in dispersion esti-
mates. These schemes estimate the dispersion pa-
rameters using on-site measurements of the vertical
and lateral wind-velocity variances at the effective re-
lease height. Tables are presented summarizing the
site-to-site variation in the performance of the
schemes in estimating the derived dispersion param-
eters from the tracer experiments. The results suggest
that the site-to-site variation in the performance of the
schemes is in part related to the averaging time and
sampling duration associated with the wind-velocity
variances used in estimating the dispersion param-
eters.
Keywords: "Air pollution, Wind velocity, Sites, Chim-
neys, Transport properties, Performance evaluation,
Sampling, Concentration(Composition), "Gaussian
plume models, "Atmospheric dispersion, "Tracer stud-
ies, "Air pollution sampling.
PB84-167527/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Hazardous Chemicals In Fish: Wisconsin Power
Plant Impact Study,
Medical Coll. of Wisconsin, Inc., Milwaukee.
J. J. Lech, and M. J. Melancon. Jan 84,7p EPA-600/D-
84-001
Grant EPA-R-806878
The role of fish as vectors for organic chemical con-
taminants arising from the operation of a coal-fired
power plant was assessed by in vivo studies of the fate
of selected chemicals and in vitro studies of liver xeno-
biotic biotransformation enzymes. The results indicate
that selected organic chemicals which could be re-
leased by a power plant into the aquatic environment,
will be taken up by fish and depending upon the par-
ticular chemical, will be accumulated to varying extents
as parent chemical and biotransformation products.
Humans who might consume such fish may be ex-
posed to those chemicals at varying concentrations
depending on the water levels of the chemicals. The
high concentrations of metabolites of certain chemi-
cals in fish bile make sampling of fish bile a possible
monitoring tool.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Water pollution,
"Toxicity, "Chemical compounds, Electric power
plants, Fishes, In vivo analysis. In vitro analysis, Bile,
Concentration(Composition), Liver, Enzymes,
Humans, Food chain, "Water pollution
effects(Animals), "Coal fired power plants, "Water pol-
lution effects(Humans), Bioaccumulation, Monitoring.
PB84-167576/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Comparison of Innovative Technology for Ther-
mal Destruction of Hazardous Waste,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
C. C. Lee. 1984,49p* EPA-600/D-84-057
This paper briefly summaries and compares six tech-
nologies which are considered to be innovative to the
thermal destruction of hazardous wastes. The six tech-
nologies are: Fluidized Bed, Molten Salt, High Temper-
ature Fluid Wall, Plasma Arc, Wet Air Oxidation and
Supercritical Water. This paper concludes that: Tests
of a few technologies have shown that the selected
waste can be destroyed to meet the 99.99% DRE re-
quirement, Wet Air Oxidation apparently has the
lowest temperature and the longest residence time re-
quirement, plasma has the highest temperature char-
acteristic, and Supercritical water has the highest pres-
sure requirement.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Solid waste dispos-
al, "Thermal degradation, Comparison, Sites, Inciner-
ators, Pyrolysis, Oxidation, Performance evaluation,
High temperature tests, Fluidized bed processing,
Plasma jets, Fused salts, Supercritical flow, Technolo-
gy-
PB84-167584/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Pilot Plant Tests of Chloride Ion Effects on Wet
FGD (Flue Gas Desulfurlzatlon) System Perform-
ance. Final rept. Sep 81-Sep 83,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC. Southeast
Regional Office.
J. C. S. Chang. Mar 84,219p TR-83/1 /SR, EPA-600/
7-84-039
Contract EPA-68-02-3648
The report gives test results from September 1981
through June 1983 of a chloride ion--CI(-1 (-effects
test program on a wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD)
pilot plant, at EPA's Industrial Environmental Research
Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC. Tests were
conducted on a three-stage turbulent contact absorber
(TCA) with 7.5 cu m/min (0.1 MW) flue gas capacity at
Cl(-1) concentrations of 160-180,000 ppm. The FGD
processes investigated include conventional lime/
limestone, magnesia enhanced limestone, organic di-
basic acid (DBA) enhanced limestone, and limestone
with two-tank forced oxidation. Data indicate that the
effects of Cl(-1) on the performance of the limestone
scrubber are a function of cations associated with Ci(-
1) and scrubber operating conditions.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, Pilot
plants, Performance evaluation, Calcium oxides, Diba-
sic organic acids, Flue gases, Chlorides, Oxidation, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, "Wet methods,
"Chloride ions, "Limestone scrubbing, Flue gas desul-
furization, Magnesium oxide scrubbing.
PB84-167600/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Toxic Area Delineation by Canine Olfaction,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Edison, NJ. Oil and Hazardous Materials Spills Branch.
L. D. Arner, H. Masters, G. R. Johnson, and H. S.
Skovronek. 1984,17p EPA-600/D-84-074
Prepared in cooperation with Biosensors, Inc., West-
moreland, NY., Guardian Training Academy, Windsor
(Ontario), Environmental Services, Morris Plains, NJ.,
and IT Corp., Knoxville, TN.
The ability of animals to respond to pollutants in their
environment is a well-known phenomenon. Recently, a
program was initiated by the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency to explore the application of monitoring
by animals to expedite sampling programs at hazard-
ous spills or waste sites. This paper describes a feasi-
bility study in which a dog/handler team was used to
locate low concentrations of a hazardous substance
(i.e., trichlorophenol and toluene) hidden in a field, thus
suggesting that a dog can be trained to locate such
materials on industrial sites, abandoned landfills, etc.
The use of a dog/handier team to uncover simulated
hazardous wastes infiltrating into buildings such as
might be encountered with groundwater leakage,
seepage from storage tanks, etc. will also be de-
scribed. Lastly, the use of dogs to assist workers at a
hazardous site in delineating the contaminated area
will be discussed. To a limited extent, the use of state-
of-the-art portable gas/vapor detection instruments at
waste sites will be compared with the application of
this new 'instrument'. The experience with and the in-
herent detection potential of canines will be reviewed
and new directions explored.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Dogs, "Odor de-
tection, Environmental surveys, Sites, Sources, Waste
disposal, Toluene, Industrial wastes, Earth fills, Leak-
age, Feasibility, 'Toxic substances, State of the art,
Hazardous materials spills, Phenol/trichloro.
PB84-167628/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Role of Flexible Membrane Liners In Support of
RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act)
Regulations. Symposium paper,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
R. E. Landreth. 1984,16p EPA-600/D-84-078
This paper describes the current research program on
flexible membrane liners (FML's) being conducted by
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's)
Office of Research and Development (ORD). Three
main program areas are discussed-prediction of serv-
ice life based on liner-waste compatibility and liner re-
sistance to various waste chemicals, installation re-
quirements for FML's, and field verification. Also ex-
amined are the cooperative efforts of EPA, the liner in-
dustry, and the user community to develop the full po-
tential for FML use in waste management facilities.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Linings, "Chemical
compounds, 'Regulations, Membranes, Durability,
Seaming, Field tests, Earth fills, Leaching, "Foreign
technology, "Waste management, Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act.
PB84-167634/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Ecological Effects of Experimental Acidification
on a Stream Ecosystem,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
R. J. Hall, and G. E. Likens. 1984,6p EPA-600/D-84-
061
Grant EPA-807555
The report describes the quantitative effects of experi-
mentally increasing the acidity of a mountain stream
ecosystem to pH levels frequently found in incident
precipitation in the northeastern United States. The
field experiment was designed to test the hypothesis
that such acidity of the streamwater would alter the
biogeochemistry and the behavior and metabolism of
microorganisms, periphyton, macroinvertebrates and
fish.
Keywords:	"Aquatic	biology,
"Precipitation(Meteorology), 'Acidification, "Lakes,
"Ecology, Fresh water, pH, Stresses, Metabolism,
Animal physiology, Geochemistry, Invertebrates,
Fishes, Microorganisms, Mountains, Streams, North-
eastern Region(United States), 'Ecosystems.
PB84-167642/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Decontamination of Hazardous Waste Substances
from Spills and Uncontrolled Waste Sites by
Radio Frequency In situ Heating,
Rockwell International, Newbury Park, CA.
H. Dev, J. E. Bridges, and G. C. Sresty. 1984,34p EPA-
600/D-84-077
Contract EPA-68-03-3014
The radio frequency (RF) heating process can be used
to volumetrically heat and thus decontaminate uncon-
trolled landfills and hazardous substances from spills.
After the landfills are heated, decontamination of the
hazardous substances occurs due to thermal decom-
position, vaporization and distillation assisted with
steam in a temperature range of 300 to 400C in a resi-
dence time of 14 days. Heating is achieved by laying a
row of horizontal conductors above the ground surface
of the landfill and exciting them with an RF generator
through a matching, network. This method is particu-
larly attractive for uncontrolled landfills since it does
not require mining excavation, drilling, or boring in the
contaminated volume. Preliminary design and cost es-
timates were made for a mobile RF in situ decontami-
nation process. Comparative cost studies indicate that
the RF decontamination process is two to four times
cheaper than excavation of the landfill and incineration
of the contaminated volume in a nearby incinerator.
The economic attractiveness of the process warrants
laboratory verification of the decontamination mecha-
nisms and field studies.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Decontamination,
"Radiofrequency heating, "Earth fills. Sites, Design cri-
teria, Performance evaluation, Comparison, Cost anal-
ysis, Solid waste disposal, In situ combustion, "Haz-
ardous materials spills.
PB84-167659/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie, Ml
Large Lakes Research Station.
Modeling the Response of the Nuisance Alga,
'Clsdophora glomerate', to Reductions in Phos-
phorus Loading,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
M. T. Auer, R. P. Canale,, Y. Matsuoka, and H. C.
Grundler. 1984,9p EPA-600/D-84-060
Grant EPA-R-806600
The mathematical model was developed to evaluate
the impact of various phosphorus management strate-
gies on nuisance growths of the filamentous alga Cla-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
dophora glomerata. The model was supported by in-
tensive ecological studies and an extensive field moni-
toring program. The results of simulating spatial and
seasonal variation in algal biomass and associated nu-
trient parameters agree well with field observations.
The calibrated model is used to predict the response
of the system under study to a demonstration phos-
phorus removal program. Implications to large scale
phosphorus management strategies are discussed.
Keywords: 'Algae, 'Phosphorus, 'Great Lakes,
"Water pollution, Growth, Abundance, Damage,
Beaches, Shores, Recreation, Septic tanks, Manage-
ment, Removal, 'Cladophora glomerata.
PB84-167667/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
Modeling of Water Quality in Lake Michigan and
the Effect of the Anomalous Ice Cover of 1976-
1977,
De Paul Univ., Grosse lie, Ml. Large Lakes Research
Station.
P. W. Rodgers, and D. K. Salisbury. Mar 84,63p EPA-
600/D-84-059
Grants EPA-R-807412, EPA-R-805325
An intensive survey of water quality parameters was
conducted on Lake Michigan during 1976 and 1977. A
nutrient-phytoplankton model (MICH 1) was developed
and calibrated to data from 1976. MICH1 was then ap-
plied to data from 1977 in an attempt to simulate an
observed phosphorus depletion of up to 3 microgram-
P/1. In order to account for this rapid phosphorus loss
an implicit representation of the extreme ice cover
which separated these survey years was necessary.
This procedure included increasing the apparent set-
tling rate eight fold during ice cover. A time variable
total phosphorus model (TPM) was used in a hindcast-
ing application which produced a reasonable recrea-
tion of historical phosphorus concentrations.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus, "Ice, "Water pollution, 'Lake
Michigan, Surveys, Nutrients, Phytoplankton, Mathe-
matical	models,	Reduction,
Concentration(Composition), Computerized simula-
tion, Tables(Data), Great Lakes, MICH1 model, TPM
model.
PB84-167683/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Benzene Emissions from Benzene Storage Tanks:
Background Information for Proposal to With-
draw Proposed Standards.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Mar 84,104p EPA-450/3-84-004
It is proposed to withdraw the proposed National Emis-
sion Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for the
control of Benzene emissions from Benzene Storage
Tanks. Previously, standards had been proposed
under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act. This document
contains background information considered in the
proposed withdrawal of those previously proposed
standards.
Keywords: 'Storage tanks, 'Standards, 'Air pollution
control, Chemical industry, Environmental impacts,
Regulations, Toxicity, Exposure, Risks, 'Fugitive emis-
sions, "Air pollution standards, "Benzene, Occupation-
al safety and health, Clean air act.
PB84-167717/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Construction Management Evaluation and Pro|ect
Management Conference Manual.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Dec 83,53p
The purpose of this manual is to provide detailed guid-
ance on conduct of Project Management Conferences
(PMC) and Construction Management Evaluations
(CME). These site visits are intended to enhance EPA
oversight and improve local construction grant man-
agement.
Keywords: "Construction, "Management, Manuals.
PB84-168293/HSU	PC AOfl/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
98 Vol. 90, No. 24
OHMSETT (Oil and Hazardous Materials Simulated
Environmental Test Tank) Test Series 77: Global
Oil Recovery Skimmer, Veegarm Skimming Arm,
Kebab 600, Wylie Skimmer and the Skim-Pak Clus-
ter. Final rept. Jan 80-Jun 81,
Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc., Leonardo,
NJ.
M. Borst. Mar 84,102p EPA-600/2-84-074
Contract EPA-68-03-3056
This report covers the performance testing of five oil
spill recovery devices at the Oil and Hazardous Materi-
als Simulated Environmental Test Tank in Leonardo,
New Jersey. The GOR Skimmer was tow tested in
harbor chops, regular waves, and calm water at tow
speeds through 2 knots to determine the effectiveness
of modifications made to the device since it was last
tested. The performance was consistently lower after
the modifications in all conditions. The Hydrovac Vee-
garm was the most exhaustively tested skimmer in this
program.
Keywords: "Skimmers, 'Oil pollution, "Water pollution
control, Hazardous materials, Recovery, Harbors,
Ocean waves, Performance evaluation, Tests, Revi-
sions, Floating bodies, Weirs, Comparison, Simulation,
Environmental tests, Test chambers, New Jersey, 'Oil
spills, Global, Calm waters.
PB84-168301/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistratlon of Pesticide
Products Containing Anilazine (080811) as the
Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Dec 83, 91 p EPA/540-RS-83-005
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Labels, Manufacturing, Risks,
Toxicity, Standards, Regulations, Licenses, Chlorine
organic compounds, 'Registration, 'Dyrene, Federal
insecticide fungicide ana rodenticide act, Triazina-
mine/dichloro-N-(chlorophenyl).
PB84-168368/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Acidification of Rain by the Oxidation of Dis-
solved S02 and the Absorption of HN03,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J. L. Durham, H. M. Barnes, and J. H. Overton, Jr.
1984, 74p EPA-600/D-84-081
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Most calculations have been performed for sub-cloud
acidification of rain. The roles of chemical oxidation ki-
netics, mass transport rates for gas scavenging, and
the raindrop size distribution have been examined.
H202 (10 ppb) greatly dominates 03 and Mn(+2) in
oxidizing dissolved S02 to form H(-1) and S04(-2).
HN03 is important for acidification of rain and it also
slightly inhibits S04(-2) formation. Sub-cloud scaveng-
ing of H202 and HN03 is mass transport limited, thus
causing the acidification of rain to be mass-transported
limited. The Marshall-Palmer distribution results in
greater predictions of acidity, S04(-2), and N03(-1)
than the best distribution for raindrops larger than 0.2
mm. Sub-cloud acidification of rain is strongly depend-
ent on: (a) the concentrations of S02, H202, and
HN03, (b) the sub-cloud fall distance, and (c) the rain-
drop size distribution.
Keywords: "Acidification, "Rain, "Oxidation, "Absorp-
tion, *Air pollution, Sulfur dioxide, Nitric acid, Reaction
kinetics, Mass transfer, Concentration(Composition),
Mathematical models, Graphs(Charts), "Acid rain,
Ecosystems.
PB84-168376/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistratlon of Manufacturing-
Use and Certain End-Use Pesticide Products Con-
taining Barium Metaborate (011101) as the Active
Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1 Jul 83, 49p EPA/540-RS-83-006
This guidance document has been prepared to provide
registrants with specific information on how they may
reregister their manufacturing-use products or main-
tain their end-use products' registration. This guidance
document sets forth certain of the requirements for
registration and reregistration of all manufacturing-use
products (MPs) containing the subject chemical as the
sole active ingredient. These requirements include:
that certain scientific data be submitted and that cer-
tain standards of toxicity, composition, labeling, and
packaging be met. Registrants of MPs are referred to
all Sections and Tables for specific information regard-
ing their responsibilities under this guidance docu-
ment.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Regulations, Labels, Risks,
Storage, Manufacturing, Licenses, Standards, Toxicity,
'Registration, "Boric acid/(barium-salt), Barium boron
oxide, Insecticide fungicide and rodenticide act.
PB84-168418/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hydrologlc Simulation Program - FORTRAN: De-
velopment, Maintenance and Applications,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
T. O. Barnwell, Jr., and J. L. Kittle. 1984,14p EPA-600/
D-84-058
Prepared in cooperation with Anderson-Nichols and
Co., Inc., Palo Alto, CA.
Nonpoint sources are significant contributors of pollut-
ants to receiving waters and quantification of their
impact is a difficult task. Evaluation of these pollutants
requires a tool capable of simulating the hydrologic
cycle in a river basin. The Hydrologic Simulation Pro-
gram-FORTRAN (HSPF) is designed to meet this
need. This paper examines the development of HSPF
from two perspectives-the research involved in devel-
oping its simulation algorithms and the software con-
cepts used in implementing these algorithms. Two ap-
plications in urban hydrology and water quality assess-
ment are discussed.
Keywords: 'Urban areas, 'Hydrology, "Water pollu-
tion, "Streams, Maintenance, Fortran, Hydrologic
cycle, River basins, Mathematical models, Computer
systems programs, Water quality management, Polo-
mac River Basin, Michigan, "Nonpoint sources, Little
Seneca Creek Watershed, HSPF project, IBM 370
computers, Hewlett Packard 3000 computers, Clinton
River Basin.
PB84-168428/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Neighborhood Complexities and Symmetry of
Chemical Graphs and Their Biological Applica-
tions,
Minnesota Univ.-Duluth. Dept. of Chemistry.
A. B. Roy, S. C. Basak, D. K. Harriss, and V. R.
Magnuson. 1984,10p EPA-600/D-84-065
Grant EPA-R-807566
Quantitative measures of molecular complexity are
calculated through the application of information-
theoretic formalism on chemical graphs. The vertex
set of a chemical graph is partitioned into disjoint sub-
sets on the basis of the equivalence of various orders
of closed neighborhoods and the information indices
(IC(nu), SlC(nu), ClC(nu), and R(nu)) are calculated.
The applications of these indices in structure-activity
correlations are discussed.
Keywords: "Molecular structure, "Graph theory, Topol-
ogy, Toxicity, Chemistry, "Structure activity correla-
tions, "Biological processes, Numerical solution.
PB84-188624/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Application of Atmospheric Tracer Technique*
for Determining Biogenic Hydrocarbon Fluxes
from an Oak Forest,
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
G. Allwine, B. Lamb, and H. Westberg. 1984, 35p EPA-
600/D-84-082
Grant EPA-R-809296
The published paper presents the results of an SF6
tracer release procedure to quantitatively determine
the isoprene emission flux for an isolated oak forest in
Goldendale, Washington. The paper presents experi-
mental design development to effectively deploy
tracer release sites within the forested area to simulate
the natural vegetation release. The downwind sample
collection program was designed to evaluate several
mathematical approaches to calculate isoprene emis-
sion flux. The results presented indicate good compa-
rability between the mathematical models and a bag
enclosure technique which was also used for isoprene
emission flux measurement.
Keywords: 'Forests, "Oak trees, "Isoprene, "Air pollu-
tion, Sulfur hexafluoride, Sampling, Sites, Transport
properties, Aerial surveys, Wind (Meteorology) "Tracer
studies, "Natural emissions, Goldendale(Washington).
PB84-168632/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
X-Ray Diffraction Phase Analysis of Process and
Pollution Control Device Samples,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
F. E. Briden. 1984,9p EPA-600/D-84-083
The paper describes the application of x-ray diffraction
(XRD) analysis to several samples which show the in-
formation available from the technique. X-ray fluores-
cence (XRF) spectrometry was used for the elemental
analysis because it provides veiy complete information
with minimal sample preparation and analysis time.
Two samples were analyzed which illustrate the differ-
ence between the final products obtained from the in-
cineration of a waste crankcase oil sample by pot va-
porization and air atomization. Also analyzed were par-
ticulate samples from two commercial waste inciner-
ators, as well as three samples from lead and copper
smelters. Study results indicate that XRD, applied with
XRF, can be an effective tool for the characterization
of industrial process streams. Information gained from
this technique can be used for process and pollution
control equipment evaluation and for by-product dis-
posal criteria.
Keywords: *X ray diffraction, "Air pollution, "Gas anal-
ysis, Chemical analysis, Incinerators, Air pollution con-
trol equipment, Performance evaluation. Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Smelters, Byproducts,
Solid waste disposal, Chemical properties, Physical
properties, Sampling, "Air pollution detection.
PB84-168640/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Chemical Research and Development Center, Aber-
deen Proving Ground, MD.
Long-Term, Self-Contained, Chemical Protective
Ensemble,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Edison, NJ. Oil and Hazardous Materials Spills Branch.
M. D. Royer, R. D. Turpin, D. D. Druyor, and M. Kranz.
1984, 21 p EPA-600/D-84-084
Sponsored in part by Chemical Research and Devel-
opment Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Pre-
pared in cooperation with U.S.D. Corp., Santa Ana, CA.
A Joint U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)/
Army project is in progress to produce a Long-term
(2.5-hr), Self-contained, Chemical Protective Ensem-
ble (LSCPE) with a NIOSH-certified breathing appara-
tus. The LSCPE provides the wearer with a combina-
tion of assets including mobility, air supply duration of
2.5 hours, cooling capacity, and protection from chem-
ical exposure. The LSCPE outergarment is totally en-
capsulating, has a zipper-closure, and is constructed
of chlorinated polyethylene. The 'gathered' areas that
encircle the waist and knees enable the inside volume
of the suit to expand temporarily during normal move-
ments.
Keywords: "Protective mask facepieces, "Military
chemical operations, "Protective clothing, "Hazardous
materials. Breathing masks, Performance evaluation,
Design criteria, Chemical compounds, "Hazardous
materials spills.
PB84-168657/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Metabolism and Genotoxiclty of 1-Nitropyrene,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. M. Ball, and J. Lewtas. 1984,17p EPA-600/D-84-
086
1-Nitropyrene (NP), a nitrated polycyclic aromatic hy-
drocarbon and a potent bacterial mutagen, has been
identified in combustion emissions and may contribute
to the burden of genotoxicity associated with air pollu-
tion. NP undergoes rapid metabolism by rat hepatic
subcellular fractions (S-9, cytosol and microsomes)
and isolated cells to both oxidised and reduced prod-
ucts. Metabolism is accompanied by extensive binding
to endogenous protein and DNA in isolated hepato-
cytes, and to calf thymus DNA added to the subcellular
fractions. Metabolites of NP have been isolated, identi-
fied and characterised by HPLC, HRGC/MS and
chemical synthesis. In the intact rat NP is excreted in
the urine as phenols of 1-nitropyrene (1-NP-6/8- and -
3-OH) and of N-acetyl-1-aminopyrene (NAAP-6- and -
8-OH), all extensively conjugated with glucuronic acid.
Some of these metabolites are mutagens five-fold
more potent in the Ames Salmonella assay than the
parent compound. Studies in germ-free rats demon-
strated that metabolism by the gut flora and enterohe-
patic recirculation play a vital role in the production of
the highly mutagenic NAAP-6/8-OH. Metabolic spe-
cies capable of causing genotoxic damage can thus be
produced by mammalian mechanisms both alone and
in conjunction with bacterial metabolism.
Keywords: "Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, "Toxic-
ity, "Air pollution, "Metabolism, Laboratory animals,
Chemical analysis, Mutagens, Rats, Gas chromatogra-
phy, Mass spectroscopy, Bioassay, Combustion prod-
ucts, Nitrogen organic compounds, "Pyrene/nitro, "Air
pollution effects(Animals), High pressure liquid chro-
matography, Pyrene/N-acetyl-amino.
PB84-168665/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Influence of Hygroscopic Growth upon the Depo-
sition of Bronchodilator Aerosols in Upper Human
Airways,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
T. B. Martonen, and A. F. Wilson. 1984,21 p EPA-600/
D-84-087
Contract EPA-68-02-2566
Prepared in cooperation with California Univ., Irvine.
The influence of hygroscopic growth upon the behav-
ior of two bronchodilator drugs in upper airways is
studied with an aerosol deposition model. The latter
accounts for laryngeal jet impaction and turbulent flow
instabilities caused by the larynx in computing particle
deposition efficiencies. Experimental growth rate data
are used to define hygroscopic characteristics of the
aerosols. The effect of growth following water vapor
absorption and the influence of a humectant (glycerin)
used in some therapeutic drugs are shown to be com-
plex; whether the total dose deposited is increased or
decreased is a function of initial particle size, rate of
growth and inspiratory flow rate.
Keywords: "Drugs, "Hygroscopicity, Behavior, Aero-
sols, Models, Growth, Humans, Respiratory system,
Lungs, "Bronchodilator agents.
PB84-168673/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Results of the Initial Trial Burn of the EPA-ORD
(Environmental Protection Agency-Office of Re-
search and Development) Mobile Incineration
System,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Edison, NJ. Oil and Hazardous Materials Spills Branch.
J.J. Yezzi, Jr., J. E. Brugger, I. Wilder, F. Freestone,
and R. A. Miller. 1984,36p EPA-600/D-84-088
Prepared in cooperation with IT Corp., Edison, NJ.
This paper discusses the sampling and analytical
methods for, the Implementation of, and the results of
the initial trial burn conducted with the EPA-ORD
Mobile Incineration System. The system was devel-
oped to destroy hazardous substances and toxic
wastes on site. The trial burn program consisted of five
tests with different liquid feeds, (including tetrachloro-
methane and PCBs) to evaluate the system's capabil-
ity for destroying organic hazardous substances while
controlling emissions of HC1, particulate matter, and
hydrocarbons in compliance with the requirements of
the Federal RCRA and TSCA, as well as those of the
New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection.
Keywords: "Incinerators, 'Hazardous materials, "Solid
waste disposal, 'Mobile equipment, Sites, Hydrogen
chloride, Particles, Hydrocarbons, Air pollution control,
Sampling, Chlorine organic compounds, Organic com-
pounds, "Liquid waste disposal, "Toxic substances,
Methane/tetrachloro, Polychlorinated biphenyls, "Air
pollution detection, "Air pollution sampling.
PB84-168699/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Mapping Sunken Pollutant Pools with Depth Find-
ers,
Rockwell International, Newbury Park, CA.
R. A. Meyer, J. E. Brugger, and D. J. Lowrance. 1984,
24p EPA-600/D-84-076
Contract EPA-68-03-3014
Prepared in cooperation with Lowrance Electronics,
Inc., Tulsa, OK.
Many hazardous substances and mixtures are immisci-
ble with and more dense than water. When spillages or
releases into waterbodies occur, the hazardous mate-
rials will disperse in a pattern controlled by physical
properties of the material, flow and dispersion effects,
and topography of the waterbody bed. Mapping (i.e.,
location and thickness determination) of the spilled
substance is essential for prompt and economical re-
moval to protect biota and ensure minimal contamina-
tion of water. Analysis of the reflection patterns of
acoustic waves (ca. 200 kHz) beamed into the water
from a boat is shown in this and in previous work to
serve as an excellent mapping technique. When the
project to map pollutants was initiated, no suitable
commercial devices were available. A very effective,
portable, battery-operated prototype system was con-
structed. The reflection data (intensity vs time) were
displayed on an on-board dual-trace oscilloscope that
had time-delay features. Subsequently, a suitable
commercial system was test marketed and has been
successfully used in the field to locate creosote in a
waterbody.
Keywords: "Depth finders, "Hazardous materials,
"Mapping, "Water pollution, Density(Mass/volume),
Creosote, Sites, Portable equipment, Electric batter-
ies, Prototypes, Sound waves, Reflection, Dispersing,
Submarine topography, Marine biology, Protection,
"Hazardous materials spills.
PB84-168707/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Procedures for Selection of Countermeasures for
Hazardous Substance Releases,
Rockwell International, Newbury Park, CA.
W. Unterberg, R. W. Melvold, L. M. Flaherty, and L. T.
McCarthy, Jr. 1984,30p EPA-600/D-84-075
Contract EPA-68-03-3014
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
When a release of hazardous substances has oc-
curred or threatens to occur, federal, state, local gov-
ernment or industrial personnel may have to assume
responsibility for immediate and planned removal. This
is the principal cleanup and treatment phase, which
sometimes is followed by a remedial action phase. Re-
medial action is not addressed here. This paper de-
scribes a methodology to assist response personnel in
selecting optimum countermeasures consisting of (1)
assessment of the release site to identify hazardous
substances or wastes, media impacted and site-spe-
cific parameters (such as topography, climate, and
proximity to inhabited areas); (2) insertion of results of
(1) into Tables 'A' which classify the known hazardous
substances according to physical behavior and specif-
ic hazards on release to the known media; (3) insertion
of results of (2) into Tables 'B' which indicate one or
more technically feasible countermeasures, ie., on-site
or off-site cleanup or treatment processes; and (4)
making a final or optimum selection from these proc-
esses through use of Tables 'C' which apply criteria
and constraints such as availability, cost speed or de-
ployment and site-specific parameters. The paper con-
cludes with a worked example of the application of the
entire methodology to a real situation. Given a reason-
able amount of knowledge about the release, a person
with limited background can use the methodology to
arrive at workable removal countermeasures.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Countermeasures,
State government, National government, Feasibility,
Sites, ^Hazardous materials spills, Physical treatment,
Chemical treatment, Procedures, Biological process-
es.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB84-168731/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Review and Evaluation of Available Techniquea
for Determining Persistence and Routes of Degra-
dation of Chemical Substances in the Environ-
ment: An Update of the 1975 Report. Final rept.
Aug 79-Dec 81,
Syracuse Research Corp., NY. Life and Environmental
Sciences Div.
P. H. Howard, S. Banerjee, and A. Rosenberg. Dec 81,
381p EPA-560/5-81-011
Contract EPA-68-01 -5798
This report updates a 1975 study (EPA 68-01-2210 -
Final Report NTIS PB 243-825) that reviewed and
evaluated the present state ot techniques which have
been used to determine the environmental persistence
and pathways of degradation of chemicals released
into the environment. Both chemical and biological
routes of degradation in the environment were consid-
ered. New developments since the 1975 report includ-
ed validation and round-robin testing of biodegradation
tests and the development of screening tests that did
not require specific chemical analysis. Considerable
progress was also made in understanding the mecha-
nism and rates of some non-biological degradation
processes.
Keywords: "Chemical compounds, 'Degradation, 'En-
vironmental surveys, Biodeterioration, Chemical analy-
sis, Reviews, Environmental impacts, Sewage, Water
pollution, Toxicity, Ecology, Sampling, Cost analysis,
Soil analysis, Photochemistry, Laboratory equipment.
Reaction kinetics, "Path of pollutants.
PB84-168756/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Effects of Sewage Sludge on Corn Silage and
Animal Products. Final rept. Jun 76-Sep 81,
Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.
R. H. Dowdy, R. D. Goodrich, W. E.larson, B. J. Bray,
and D. E. Pamp. Mar 84,54p EPA-600/2-84-075
Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Univ., St.
Paul.
Studies were conducted to determine the impact of
heavy metals in sludge-fertilized corn silage on the
food and feed chain when the silage containing up to
5.26 mg Cd/kg was fed to dairy goats and feeder
lambs. Neither health nor performance of the goats or
lambs were significantly affected when the high Cd
corn silage was fed continuously for approximately one
half of their productive lives. Consuming approximately
5 mg Cd and 100 mg Zn/day did not cause the metals
to be secreted into milk of the lactating goats. Only Zn
and Cd accumulated in the animals and only in liver
and kidneys.
Keywords: "Metals, "Silage, "Feeding stuffs, Sludge,
Corn, Animals, Goats, Sheep, Zinc, Cadmium,
"Sewage sludge, "Heavy metals, Bioaccumulation.
PB84-168764/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Laboratory Feasibility Studies for the Fluldlxed-
Bed Combustion of Spent Potlining from Akimt-
num Reduction. Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
B. C. Kim, E. J. Mezey, D. R. Hopper, A. Wensky, and
R. Heffelfinger. Mar 84,60p EPA-600/2-84-064
Contract EPA-68-02-3169
The report gives results of a preliminary assessment of
the technical feasibility and environmental acceptabil-
ity of a fluidized-bed combustion (FBC) process for the
disposal of spent potlining waste from the aluminum
reduction process. Technical efforts included: (1) dif-
ferential thermal analyses (DTAs) to establish the op-
erating temperature range to prevent agglomeration in
a FBC process, and (2) fixed-bed combustion experi-
ments to determine cyanide destruction and gaseous
emissions expected from a FBC process. The gaseous
emissions, however, can be adequately controlled and
should not pose an insurmountable technical barrier in
the FBC process.
Keywords: "Fluidized bed processing, "Aluminum in-
dustry 'Solid waste disposal, *Air pollution control
equipment, Feasibility, Cyanides, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Metal working, Laboratory
equipment, Sampling, "Potlinings.
100 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB84-168772/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Cyclopenta-Fused Isomers of Benz(a)Anthracene
II: Mutagenic Effects on Mammalian Cells,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
W. Nesnow, S. Leavitt, R. Easterling, P. McNair, and G.
E. Toney. 1984, 15p EPA-600/D-84-071
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill. School of Public Health.
Cyclopenta-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAH) are a unique class of PAH found in the environ-
ment. Acenaphthylene, acephenanthrylene and cyclo-
penta (cd) pyrene represent characterized cyclopenta-
PAH already identified as air pollutants. The pyrolytic
synthesis of PAH from two carbon fragments (3) sug-
gests that many more such cyclopenta-ring fusions are
possible and may be characterized from environmen-
tal samples. Cyclopenta-PAH are non-alternate PAH in
which the fused five membered ring provides a new
site for metabolic attack by the cytochrome P-450
mixed-function oxidases. The study of the metabolism,
metabolic activation and mutagenesis of these chemi-
cals allows a probe into the mechanism of oxygen
transfer and the stereo-and regio-specilicity of the cy-
tochrome P-450 mixed-function oxidases as well as an
understanding of the competition between sites of
metabolic action by these enzymes. This chapter is a
preliminary report of metabolism and mutagenesis
studies with four cyclopenta-fused isomers of
benz(a)anthracene: benzG)aceanthrylene, BjA;
benz(e)aceanthrylene, BeA; benz(l)aceanthrylene,
B1 A; and benz(k)acephenanthrylene, BkA.
Keywords: "Benzanthracenes, "Toxicology,
Cells(Biology), Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Me-
tabolism, Mutagenesis, Benzanthracene, Benza-
ceanthrylenes.
PBS4-168780/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Manual and Training Course for Prevention of
Spills of Hazardous Substances at Fixed Facilities,
Rockwell International, Newbury Park, CA.
W. Unterberg, K. S. Roos, P. A. Scofield, K. J.
Kooyoomjian, and L. T. McCarthy, Jr. 1984,26p* EPA-
600/D-84-073
Contract EPA-68-03-3014
The purpose of this manual and training course is to
prevent spills of hazardous substances in fixed facili-
ties which are those facilities that produce the sub-
stances from raw or starter materials, store the sub-
stances, or transfer the substances to and from trans-
portation terminals. The emphasis is on smaller-sized
chemicals manufacturing facilities. This paper de-
scribes the contents of the manual and training course
which are coordinated in that the manual is the refer-
ence text for the video tape training course. The
manual consists of five sections: 1. Introduction and
Instructions; 2. Manual of Practice; 3. Hazardous Sub-
stances and Fixed Facilities; 4. Facility Spill Prevention
Practices; and 5. Preventive Engineering Concepts.
The course is designed to be given initially to repre-
sentatives from fixed facilities wno will in turn act as in-
structors in presenting the course to personnel at their
facilities. Portions of the training tapes will be included
in the presentation of this paper.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Manuals, Preven-
tion, Sources, Chemical industry, Water pollution,
Risks, Leakage, Training devices, Handbooks, Instruc-
tional materials, 'Hazardous materials spills, Chemical
spiUs.
PB84-168798/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Destruction of PCB-Contamlnated Soils with a
High-Temperature Fluid-Wall (HTFW) Reactor.
Conference paper,
Rockwell International, Newbury Park, CA.
A. W. Hornig, and H. Masters. 1984,24p EPA-600/D-
84-072
Contract EPA-68-03-0314
Prepared in cooperation with Thagard Research Corp.,
Irvine, CA., and Baird Corp., Bedford, MA.
The objective of this project is to demonstrate the fea-
sibility of a high temperature fluid-wall (HTFW) Reactor
to detoxify biorefractory hazardous substances, as
well as soils contaminated with hazardous materials,
such as PCBs, dioxins, and organophosphates. A typi-
cal HTFW Reactor consists of a vertical, porous
carbon cylinder surrounded by six carbon or silicon
carbide electrically conductive rods that heat the core
to ca. 2200C. The high equilibrium temperature within
the core results in degradation of the hazardous sub-
stances to simple atomic or molecular forms; the rapid
rate of cooling precludes formation of potentially harm-
ful intermediates or byproducts. The hot zone of the
small research reactor used in this study has a 3-in. di-
ameter core and is 3ft long. In a typical test, fine
carbon or soil, spiked with a PCB (1% Aroclor 1242)
was dropped through the reactor at 100 a/min for 20
min. Representative solid and vapor samples were col-
lected for analysis. Analyses were performed by gas
chromatography (GC) with electron capture detection.
The results show an overall reduction in concentration
of PCB by factor of 2,300,000, corresponding to a de-
struction and removal efficiency (DRE) of 99.9997%.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Soils, "Detoxifica-
tion, "Organic phosphates, "Degradation, High tem-
perature tests, Substrates, Performance evaluation.
Design criteria, Feasibility, Sampling, Carbon, Solid
waste disposal, "Polychlorinated biphenyls, "Toxic
substances, "Fluid-wall reactors, "Dioxins.
PB84-168806/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab -Cincin-
nati, OH.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Method
Study 23B, Method 501.2, Trihalomethanes by
Liquid/Liquid Extraction,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
B. J. Warner, S. C. Cheng, J. M. Finke, C. S. Friedman,
and S. Mitrosky. Mar 84,105p EPA-600/4-84-021
Contract EPA-68-03-2856
The experimental design and results of a validation
study for an analytical method to detect trihalometh-
anes in water are described herein. This method con-
sisted of a liquid/liquid extraction using pentane and
subsequent direct analysis by gas chromatography
using an electron capture detector. The six concentra-
tions of spiking solutions contained chloroform, bro-
modichlorometnane, chlorodibromomethane and bro-
moform. The two waters used in the study were dis-
tilled and drinking water, both supplied by the individ-
ual laboratories. Statistical analyses and conclusions
in this report are based on analytical data obtained by
twenty collaborating laboratories. The report covers a
period from September 1979 to December 1982.
Keywords: "Water analysis, "Water pollution, "Solvent
extraction, Gas chromatography, Potable water, Dis-
tilled water, Chloroform, Bromoform, Chemical analy-
sis, Laboratory equipment, "EPA method 23B, "EPA
method 501.2, "Halomethanes, "Water pollution de-
tection, Electron capture detectors, Methane/bromo-
dichloro, Methane/chloro-dibromo, Procedures.
PB84-188822/HSU	PC A02/MF AOl
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati
OH.
Occurrence of MacroHwertebrates In a Public
Drinking Water Supply,
Worcester Polytechnic Inst., MA.
R, V. Levy, R. D. Cheetham, and F. L. Hart. 1984,18p
EPA-600/D-84-066
Grant EPA-R-810241
This manuscript reports on the occurrence of amphi-
pods in potable water. These organisms may be the
cause of taste and odor problems as well as serving as
potential carriers of harmful bacteria. Disinfection data
was presented showing the higher resistance to chlo-
rine by bacteria associated with the macroinverte-
brates as opposed to the unassociated.
Keywords: "Potable water, 'Invertebrates, Public
health, Water supply, Occurrence, Disinfection, Chlor-
ination, Drinking water, Amphipoda.
PB84-168913/HSU	PC A08/MF AOl
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Studies of Particulate Removal from Diesel Ex-
haust. Final rept. May 78-Apr 81,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
M. G. Faulkner, J. L. DuBard, and J. R. McDonald Mar
84,106p SORI-EAS-81-268, EPA-600/7-84-029
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The report gives results of a characterization of the
collection of particulate emissions from diesel exhaust
by several different methods, using 5.7 liter GM diesel
engines (as sources) and such controls as fiber and
gravel bed filters, trap/cyclones, and ESPs. Overall
and fractional mass collection efficiencies and operat-
ing characteristics of the controls were determined by
inlet and outlet total mass loading measurements and
particle size distributions. Methods of cleaning the
control devices and removing collected particulate are
discussed.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Exhaust
emissions, "Air filters, "Cyclone separators, "Electro-
static precipitators. Performance evaluation, Design
criteria, Aerosols, Fibers, "Diesel engine exhaust,
'Granular bed filters.
PB84-168921/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Effects of Temperature and Pressure on Particle
Collection Mechanism*: Experiments! Program.
Final rept. Dec 75-Jul 80,
Air Pollution Technology, Inc., San Diego, CA.
R. Parker, R. Jain, T. Le, and S. Calvert. Mar 84,169p
EPA-600/7-84-030
Contract EPA-68-02-2137
See also PB-264 203.
The report gives results of a theoretical and experi-
mental investigation of the effects of high tempera-
tures and high pressures (HTPs) on fundamental parti-
cle collection mechanisms. It gives experimental re-
sults of inertial impaction, cyclone separation, Brow-
nian diffusion, and electrical migration tests at HTPs.
The inertial impaction tests showed that existing im-
paction models are adequate for HTP predictions.
Practical problems (e.g., materials, seals, and particle
adhesion) pose more difficulties than any fundamental
variations from impaction theory. The cyclone tests
showed that cyclone efficiency decreases at high tem-
perature and increases at high pressure for a constant
inlet velocity. Available theoretical models could not
predict the observed effects of HTP on collection effi-
ciency. An empirical correlation for predicting the cy-
clone cut diameter was derived. Existing pressure-
drop models predict the effects of HTP fairly well. The
Brownian diffusion tests showed no detectable effects
of HTP. This result is consistent with predictions for the
particle size used in the tests (dp > 0.5 micrometer).
No useful high temperature data were obtained with
the electrical migration apparatus.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "High
temperature tests, "High pressure tests, "Particles,
Cyclone separators, Performance evaluation, Sam-
pling, Brownian movement, Diffusion, Mathematical
models, Design criteria, Electrical properties, Numeri-
cal solution.
PM4-1M970/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Restoration of Falling On-Lot Sewage Disposal
Areas. Final rept. Aug 79-Jul 83,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park.
D. D. Fritton, W. E. Sharpe, A. R. Jarrett, C. A. Cole,
and G. W. Peterson. Mar 84,139p EPA-600/2-84-062
Grant EPA-R-807115
The objective of this project was to evaluate two reha-
bilitative techniques-water conservation and absorp-
tion bed resting-for restoration of failing on-site
sewage disposal areas. Eleven homes with failing ab-
sorption areas were characterized and baseline water
flow and septic tank effluent quality data were collect-
ed. Water conservation devices were then installed at
maximum, moderate or minimum levels of predicted
water reduction capability. At three sites effluent was
also diverted to a specially designed alternate trench
for 10 months which permitted the main absorption
area to rest. Median in-house water reductions were
statistically significant and ranged from 9.8 to 42.5%.
Maximum levels of water conservation were generally
successful in restoring failing systems while lesser
levels of conservation were not successful.
Keywords: "Sewage disposal, "Septic tanks, Renovat-
ing, Residential buildings, Water flow, Adsorption,
Water conservation, Ditcnes, Failure.
PB84-169275/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Burner Criteria for NOx Control. Volume 3. Heavy-
Oil and Coal-Fired Furnaces and Further Furnace
Investigations. Final rept. Jul 75-Jul 76,
International Flame Research Foundation, Ijmuiden
(Netherlands).
M. P. Heap, T. M. Lowes, R. Walmsley, H, Bartelds,
and P. LeVaguerese. Feb 84,220p EPA-600/7-84-
015B
Contract EPA-68-02-0202
See also PB84-153253.
The report describes the third phase of a research pro-
gram with the overall objective of specifying burner
design criteria for minimum pollutant emissions from
both pulverized-coal- and residual-fuel-oil-fired com-
bustors. A distributed mixing burner was developed,
and its potential for NOx control was evaluated for dif-
ferent fuels. The burner produces a fuel-rich zone that
reduces the conversion of fuel nitrogen species to
NOx. Injecting additional air from outboard ports com-
pletes fuel oxidation. It was postulated that achievable
NOx control depended on nitrogen volatility and
oxygen content. This was confirmed by burning coal, a
low volatile petroleum coke, heavy fuel oil, and a heavy
fuel oil/water emulsion. A television pyrometer flame
diagnostic technique that was evaluated gave promis-
ing results.
Keywords: "Nitrogen oxides, "Burners, "Air pollution
control, Design criteria, Furnaces, Performance eval-
uation, Heavy oils, Revisions, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Injection, Comparison, Distributed
mixing burners.
PM4-169317/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Performance and Economic Feasibility of a
Sludge/Wastepaper Gaslfler System,
California Univ., Davis.
N. W. Sorbo, G. Tchobanoglous, J. R. Goss, and S. A.
Vigil. Mar 84,196p EPA-600/2-84-063
Grant EPA-R-807379
Prepared in cooperation with California Polytechnic
State Univ., San Luis Obispo.
Thermal gasification of densified sludge/wastepaper
fuels has been shown to be technically feasible for the
co-disposal of sludge and source-separated waste-
paper. The performance and economic feasibility of a
downdraft packed-bed gasifier system fueled with den-
sified sludge/wastepaper and wastepaper fuels has
been evaluated. To assess the performance of the
gasifier, a series of gasifier runs was conducted at vari-
ous air input rates with the use of various densified
fuels. Char, a by-product of the gasification process,
was evaluated as a substitute for powdered activated
carbon. The performance of a small dual-fuel diesel
engine combusting producer gas generated from the
gasification of densified wastepaper was also demon-
strated. The cost of sludge disposal in a sludge-waste-
paper gasification system, using wood chips as an aux-
iliary fuel was found to be competitive with the cost of
sludge disposal by landfilling if the electricity generat-
ed ty the gasification system can be sold at a cost of
$0.12/kWh, $0.09/kWh, and $0.85/k/Wh for commu-
nities sizes of 10,000, 30,000, and 50,000 persons re-
spectively.
Keywords: "Sewage sludge, "Waste papers, "Solid
waste disposal, "Gasification, Feasibility, Performance
evaluation, Economic analysis, Air pollution, Industrial
wastes, Density(Mass/volume), Activated carbon,
Design criteria, "Refuse derived fuels, "Gasifier, Paper
recycling.
PBM-1C9325/H8U	PC A04/MF A01
Chemical and Physical Characterization of Munici-
pal Sludge Incinerator Emissions. Final rept. Oct
79-Sep 81,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Emissions Measurement and Charac-
terization Div.
R. L. Bennett, K. T. Knapp, and D. L. Duke. Mar 84,58p
EPA-600/3-84-047
Particulate emissions form a group of municipal sludge
incinerators, three with multiple-hearth furnaces and
one with a fluidized-bed furnace, were characterized.
Objectives of the investigation were (1) to obtain spe-
cific elemental emission concentrations, and (2) to
provide source inventories and source signatures, es-
pecially in terms of particle size, that would assist in
the development and evaluation of source apportion-
ment models. Three of the plants investigated in this
study operated at or near autogenous burning condi-
tions. Chemical element composition was determined
for total and sized emission samples by x-ray fluores-
cence analysis. During this study considerable enrich-
ment of several elements (S, V, Cu, Zn, Cd, Sn, and
Pb) in the particulate emissions, relative to their con-
tent in the sludge, was observed. The largest average
enrichment ratios were observed for cadmium (31),
zinc (14), lead (9), and sulfur (8).
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Incinerators,
"Chemical properties, "Physical properties, Furnaces,
Chemical analysis, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, X ray fluorescence, Sulfur, Lead(Metal),
Zinc, X ray analysis, Particles,
Concentration(Composition), Cadmium, "Sewage
sludge, "Air pollution detection.
PB84-169358/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
National Crop Loss Assessment Network
(NCLAN) 1982 Annual Report,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
W. W. Heck, O. C. Taylor, R. M. Adams, G. E. Bingham,
and J. E. Miller. Mar 84,269p EPA-600/3-84-049
See also PB83-241372.
The National Crop Loss Assessment Network
(NCLAN) is a group of organizations cooperating in re-
search to assess the short- and long-term economic
impact of air pollution on crop production. The primary
objectives are (1) to define relationships between yield
of major agricultural crops and doses of ozone, sulfur
dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and mixtures of these pollut-
ants and (2) to used these relationships to assess the
economic consequences of exposure of crops to am-
bient levels of these pollutants throughout the United
States. This is the third annual NCLAN report, covering
the period from 1 February 1982 to 31 January 1983.
During this period, there was increased emphasis on
studies to measure ozone dose-plant response rela-
tionships. This was accomplished for winter wheat at
two regional sites, and for kidney bean and grain sor-
ghum.
Keywords: "Agricultural economics, "Farm crops, "Air
pollution. Assessments, Yield, Dosage, Ozone, Sulfur
dioxide, Wheat plants, Soybean plants, Grain sorghum
plants, Mixtures, Comparison, Tables(Data), Economic
impact, Tomatoes, Cotton, United States.
PB84-169598/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Continued Assessment of a High-Velocity Fabric
Filtration System Used to Control Fly Ash Emis-
sions. Final rept. Jan 79-Dec 81,
FabricsAmerica, Travelers Rest, SC. Kerr Finishing
Div.
J. D. McKenna, J. M. Ross, J. M. Foster, and R. A.
Gibson. Mar 84,106p EPA-600/7-84-037
Contract EPA-68-02-2148
See also PB-299 566. Prepared in cooperation with
ETS, Inc., Roanoke, VA.
The report gives results of a full-scale investigation of
the performance of a variety of filter media, to provide
technical and economic information under high-veloci-
ty conditions (high gas/cloth ratio). The fly ash emis-
sion studies demonstrated that woven fiberglass fab-
rics and felts made from Teflon and Gore-Tex laminate
were capable of meeting State emission code require-
ments at gas/cloth ratios of 4/1 to 6/1. The economic
analysis snowed that, in terms of annualized cost, the
gas/cloth ratio, initial baa cost, and bag life represent
the greatest potentials Tor cost reduction. Pressure
drop reductions can lower operating cost, but they
have only secondary impact on annualized cost. The
analysis compares the effects of incremental changes
in bag life, gas/cloth ratio, and bag price on total an-
nualized cost.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Fly ash,
Assessments, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Filtration, Air filters, Cost analysis, Performance
evaluation, Design criteria, Economic analysis, "Fabric
filters, Baghouses.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB84-169622/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Improved Street Sweepers for Controlling Urban
Inhalable Particulate Matter. Final rept. Aug 79-Jul
81,
Air Pollution Technology, Inc., San Diego, CA.
S. Calvert, H. Brattin, S. Bhutra, and D. Ono. Feb 84,
143p EPA-600/7-84-021
Contract EPA-68-02-3148
The report gives results of an experimental program to
develop design modifications that can be used to im-
prove the ability of municipal street sweepers to
remove inhalable dust particles from streets. (Dust
emissions from paved roads are a major source of
urban inhalable particulate matter). A commercial re-
generative air sweeper was modified. Major modifica-
tions included a charged spray scrubber for fine parti-
cle collection, and a gutter broom hood to help contain
redispersed dust particles. The upgraded sweeper
proved effective in eliminating dust plumes during
sweeping and giving cleaner streets.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Streets, 'Particles,
Urban areas. Pavements, Revisions, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, Dust control, Fines, Spraying,
Scrubbers, 'Street sweepers, Charged droplets scrub-
ber.
PB84-169747/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Seattle Distribution System Corrosion Control
Study. Volume 5. Counteractive Effects of Disin-
fection and Corrosion Control,
Seattle Dept. of Water, WA. Water Quality Div.
K. S. Nakhjiri, C. E. Herrera, and R. D. Hilburn. Mar 84,
183p* EPA-600/2-84-066
Grant EPA-R-806686
See also Volume 4, PB83-241729.
This study consisted of three research phases de-
signed to evaluate the counteractive effects of corro-
sion treatment (pH adjustment) and disinfection (chlor-
ination): (1) Electrochemical Tests - Copper corrosion
rates were measured under varying pH, free chlorine
residual and chloride concentration using a rotating
disc electrode and linear potential sweep technique
with solution resistance compensation. (2) On-Site
Treatment Tests - The effects of simulated corrosion
treatment start-up on chemical and microbial water
quality from an old galvanized plumbing system were
monitored. (3) Bacteriological Tests - The survival of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Enter-
obacter aerogenes was determined under varying pH
and free chlorine residual.
Keywords: "Corrosion prevention, 'Water distribution,
'Water treatment chemicals, "Chlorination, pH con-
trol, Electro chemical cells, Water supply, Water pipes,
Copper, Coliform bacteria, Plumbing, Calcium oxides,
Sodium carbonates, Leaching, Lead, Iron, Zinc, Cad-
mium, Pathogens.
PB84-169788/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Methods 6 and 7 Quality Assurance and Quality
Control Revisions: Summary of Comments and
Responses.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Measurement Branch.
Mar 84, 27p EPA-450/3-84-006
See also PB83-192245.
This document addresses the public comments sub-
mitted after proposal of the rulemaking in the Federal
Register. Changes made to this rulemaking as a result
of these comments are included. This document
serves as the basis for the revisions which have been
made to the rulemaking between proposal and promul-
gation.
Keywords: 'Quality assurance, 'Quality control, 'Reg-
ulations, *Air pollution, 'Gas analysis, Revisions,
Chemical analysis, Standards, *EPA method 6, *EPA
method 7, 'Air pollution detection.
PB84-169994/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
102 Vol. 90, No. 24
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Method
Study 23A, Method 501.1, Trihalomethanes by
Purge and Trap.
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
B. J. Warner, S. C. Cheng, C. S. Friedman, S. Mitrosky,
and A. D. Snyder. Mar 84,116p EPA-600/4-84-020
Contract EPA-68-03-2856
The experimental design and results of a validation
study for an analytical method to detect trihalometh-
anes in water are described herein. This method con-
sisted of a liquid/liquid extraction using pentane and
subsequent direct analysis by gas chromatography
using an electron capture detector. The six concentra-
tions of spiking solutions contained chloroform, bro-
modichloromethane, chlorodibromomethane and bro-
moform. The two waters used in the study were dis-
tilled and drinking water, both supplied by the individ-
ual laboratories. Statistical analyses and conclusions
in this report are based on analytical data obtained by
twenty collaborating laboratories.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Water pollution, Solvent
extraction, Gas chromatography, Chloroform, Bromo-
form, Chemical analysis, Water quality, Chlorine organ-
ic compounds, 'Halomethanes, *EPA method 501.1,
'Water pollution detection, Electron capture detectors,
Methane/ bromo-dichloro, Methane/chloro-dibromo.
PB84-170000/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Drilling Mud Assessment Chemical Analysis Ref-
erence Volume.
Science Applications, Inc., La Jolla, CA.
Mar 84, 272p EPA-600/3-84-048
This report presents concentrations of specific metals
and hydrocarbons in eleven drilling fluids (muds) taken
from operating gas and oil rigs in the Gulf of Mexico.
Each drilling fluid was analyzed chemically for heavy
metal and hydrocarbon content in three distinct
phases: (1) the bulk or whole mud, (2) a suspended
phase derived from the bulk mud sample, and (3) a
'dissolved' or liquid phase. Aliquots of bulk muds were
removed for barium analyses by instrumental neutron
activation and for analysis for iron, aluminum, lead,
zinc, cadmium, copper, strontium, and calcium by
atomic absorption analysis. Analysis of the suspended
particulate and liquid phases was similar. The aromatic
and aliphatic content of the three phases were deter-
mined by extraction and then fractionation by column
chromatography.
Keywords: 'Drilling fluids, "Chemical analysis, 'Hydro-
carbons, 'Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Mexico Gulf, Neutron activation analysis, Distillation,
Particles, Calcium, Strontium, Copper, Cadmium, Ex-
traction, Iron, Lead(Metal), Aluminum, Zinc, "Heavy
metals, Atomic absorption spectroscopy, Column
chromatography.
PB84-170042/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Protocol for the Collection and Analysis of Vola-
tile POHCs (Principal Organic Hazardous Constitu-
ents) Using VOST (Volatile Organic Sampling
Train). Final rept. Apr 83-Feb 84,
Envirodyne Engineers, Inc., St. Louis, MO.
E. M. Hansen. Mar 84,61 p EPA-600/8-84-007
Contract EPA-68-02-3697
The document is a state-of-the-art operating protocol
for sampling and analysis of volatile organic constitu-
ents of flue gas from hazardous waste incinerators or
other similar combustor systems using the Volatile Or-
ganic Sampling Train (VOST). It is intended to be used
for guidance by personnel of the regulatory groups,
personnel associated with engineering research and
development, and the regulated community. The docu-
ment is in two parts. Part A describes the key compo-
nents of the train, the procedures for preparing the sor-
bent materials, and procedures for sample collection
using the VOST. Part B describes the procedures for
analyzing VOST sorbent cartridges for volatile princi-
pal organic hazardous constituents (POHCs) using
purge-trap-de8orb gas chromatography/mass spec-
trometry (P-T-D GC/MS). Quality control procedures
are presented in both parts.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Organic com-
pounds, "Gas analysis, "Waste disposal, 'Inciner-
ators, Flue gases, Gas chromatography, Mass spec-
troscophy, Sampling, Solid waste disposal, "Air pollu-
tion sampling, "Air pollution detection, "Volatile organ-
ic sampling trains, State of the art, Volatile organic
compounds, Liquid waste disposal.
PB84-170059/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Report on the Feasibility of APEG Detoxification
of Dioxin-Contaminated Soils. Technical rept. Dec
82-Dec 83,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati
OH.
A. Klee, C. Rogers, and T. Tiernan. Mar 84, 75p EPA-
600/2-84-071
Prepared in cooperation with Wright State Univ.,
Dayton, OH.
The project was designed to verify in proof-of-principle
studies, the efficacy of newly developed chemical rea-
gents to destroy 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
(TCDD) dissolved in a solvent (toluene) and in con-
taminated soil samples from two locations in Missouri.
The study demonstrated that alkali based polyethylene
glycol reagents under ambient conditions can com-
pletely destroy within 48 hours 510 nanograms of
TCDD dissolved in toluene. Also, in laboratory studies
the APEG reagents significantly reduced within 21
days the 330 ppb of TCDD in a Missouri soil by 25 per-
cent with a single APEG application and 68 percent
with two APEG applications. This study has accom-
plished its proof-of-principle objective, however, fur-
ther research is required and is to be initiated in FY-84
to establish optimal methods for applying APEGs to
TCDD, PCBs and other toxic haloorganics in contami-
nated soils and waste materials.
Keywords: 'Soils, 'Detoxification, 'Environmental sur-
veys, Polyoxyethylene, Solvents, Hazardous materials,
Chlorine organic compounds, "Chemical treatment,
"Dibenzodioxin/tetrachloro, Dioxin, Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls, Dioxins.
PB84-170174/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Benzene Emissions from Malelc Anhydride Plants:
Background Information for Proposal to With-
draw Proposed Standards. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Mar 84,49p EPA-450/3-84-002
This document contains information that formed the
basis for the decision to withdraw standards proposed
for the maleic anhydride industry April 18, 1980 (45 FR
26660). The report includes a summary of industry
changes since proposal, a summary of public com-
ments relevant to the withdrawal decision, and the ra-
tionale for the decision to withdraw proposed stand-
ards.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Chemical industry,
"Standards, "Hazardous materials, "Maleic anhydride,
Benzenes, Industrial wastes, Risk, Environmental im-
pacts, Source, Leukemia, Exposure, Public health,
"Benzene, Cancer, Health risks, Baseline measure-
ments, Air pollution effects(Plants), Air pollution
effects(Humans), Fugitive emissions.
PB84-170182/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Carcinogen Assessment of Coke Oven Emissions.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Feb 84, 221 p* EPA-600/6-82-003F
See also PB83-129551.
Coke oven workers in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
and at 10 non-Allegheny County coke plants in the
United States and Canada were found to be at an
excess risk of mortality from cancer of all sites and
from cancer of the lungs, bronchus, trachea, kidney,
and prostate. An important finding of this study was the
dose-response found by both length of exposure and
intensity of exposure (top or side of the ovens) for mor-
tality from cancer of the lungs, bronchus, and trachea.
A study of Japanese coke oven workers also found
them to be at an excess risk of lung cancer mortality
British studies of cancer mortality in coke oven work-
ers have generally been negative, but there were
weaknesses in these studies. Coke oven emissions
produce positive results In mutagenicity studies. Coal
tar, a condensate of coke oven emissions, and various
constituents of coke oven emissions have been found
to be positive in both mutagenicity and animal carcino-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords; "Industrial hygiene, "Coking, "Carcino-
gens, "Coal gas, "Toxicology, Assessments, Muta-
gens, Air pollution, Coal tar, Epidemiology, Laboratory
animals, Exposure, Risk, Pennsylvania, "Indoor air pol-
lution, "Occupational safety and health, Cancer, Alle-
gheny County(Pennsylvania), Health risks.
PB84-170414/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Federal Activities In Toxic Substances. Toxic Inte-
gration Information series,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
C. Allin, W. Richardson, and J. D. Sandler. Sep 83,
361 p* EPA-560/TIIS-83-007
See also PB81 -157638.
Reprint/revision of 1981 document - describes the
toxic substances regulatory activities of 22 offices in 8
Federal agencies or departments. The document
covers the breakdown of each organization, summa-
rizes the statutory authorities, highlights regulatory de-
velopment processes, and describes the various
toxics-related programs and activities. There is also a
graphic summary of 14 major statutes involved with
controlling toxic substances.
Keywords: "Toxicology, National government, "Feder-
al government, "Toxic substances, Consumer Product
Safety Commission, Council on Environmental Quality.
PB84-170570/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Residential Wood Combustion Study. Task 1. Am-
bient Air Quality Impact Analysis. Final rept.,
Green (Del) Associates, Inc., Woodburn, OR. Environ-
mental Technology Div.
J. E. Core, J. A. Cooper, R. T. DeCesar, and J. E.
Houck. Sep 82,49p EPA-910/9-82-089A
Contract EPA-68-02-3566
See also PB84-170588. Prepared in cooperation with
NEA, Inc., Beaverton, OR.
The ambient air quality impact of Residential Wood
Combustion (RWC) emissions in eight Pacific North-
west cities was studied during the 1980-81 space heat-
ing season. Seventy-seven worst case fine particle
ambient samples collected in Seattle, Spokane,
Yakima, Tacoma and Longview, Washington; Boise,
Idaho; Portland and Medford, Oregon were selected
and analyzed for Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon
compounds, 35 trace elements and carbon. The
impact of RWC and other sources was determined by
Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) calculation and vali-
dated against independent carbon-14 measurement.
This document describes the project design, method-
ology and results of the RWC impact monitoring pro-
gram. The findings of this task form the basis for pro-
jections of future RWC impacts discussed under task
2A (PB84-170596) of this series. They also provide the
first comprehensive survey of RWC impacts within Pa-
cific Northwest communities during a period likely to
be typical of maximum RWC emissions. Appendices
from this task are contained in Report PB84-170588.
Keywords: "Wood, "Residential buildings, "Air pollu-
tion, Firewood, Combustion products, Heating sys-
tems, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Sampling,
Stoves, Concentration(Composition), Sites, Trace ele-
ments, Particles, Sources, Chemical analysis, Carbon
14, "Air quality, "Pacific northwest region(United
States), "Air pollution sampling, "Air pollution detec-
tion, Wood burning furnaces, Chemical mass balance.
Wood stoves.
PB84-170588/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Residential Wood Combustion Study. Task 1. Am-
bient Air Quality Impact Analysis. Appendices.
Final rept.,
Green (Del) Associates, Inc., Woodburn, OR. Environ-
mental Technology Div.
J. E. Core, J. A. Cooper, R. T. DeCesar, and J. E.
Houck. Sep 82,207p EPA-910/9-82-089B
Contract EPA-68-02-3566
See also PB84-170570, and PB84-170596. Prepared
in cooperation with NEA, Inc., Beaverton, OR.Porlions
of this document are not fully legible.
The ambient air quality impact of Residential Wood
Combustion (RWC) emissions in eight Pacific North-
west cities was studied during the 1980-81 space heat-
ing season. Seventy-seven worst case fine particle
ambient samples collected in Seattle, Spokane,
Yakima, Tacoma and Longview, Washington; Boise,
Idaho; Portland and Medford, Oregon were selected
and analyzed for Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon
compounds, 35 trace elements and carbon. The
impact of RWC and other sources was determined by
Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) calculation and vali-
dated against independent carbon-14 measurement.
This document contains the appendices for this task.
The project design, methodology and results of the
RWC impacts monitoring program are described in
Report No. PB84-170570. The findings of this task
form the basis for projections of future RWC impacts
discussed under task 2A (PB84-170596) of this series.
They also provide the first comprehensive survey of
RWC impacts within Pacific Northwest communities
during a period likely to be typical of maximum RWC
emissions.
Keywords: "Wood, "Residential buildings, "Air pollu-
tion, Firewood, Combustion products, Heating sys-
tems. Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Sampling,
Stoves, Concentration(Composition), Sites, Trace ele-
ments, Particles, Sources, Chemical analysis, Carbon
14, "Air quality, "Pacific northwest region(United
States), "Air pollution sampling, "Air pollution detec-
tion, Wood burning furnaces, Chemical mass balance,
Wood stoves, Indoor air pollution.
PB84-170596/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Residential Wood Combustion Study. Task 2A.
Current and Projected Air Quality Impacts. Final
rept.,
Green (Del) Associates, Inc., Woodburn, OR. Environ-
mental Technology Div.
J. E. Core, J. A. Cooper, and J. E. Houck. Jan 83,61 p
EPA-910/9-82-089C
Contract EPA-68-02-3566
See also PB84-170588, and PB84-170604. Prepared
in cooperation with NEA, Inc., Beaverton, OR.
This report focuses on the issues of future particulate
air quality impact from residential wood combustion
(RWC) sources in the Pacific Northwest, the basis for
the projections, air resource implications and potential
mitigating measures. The intent of this task is to draw
together the findings from other portions of the Resi-
dential Wood Combustion Study: Task 1 (Ambient Air
Quality Impact Analysis), Task 2B (Household Informa-
tion Survey), and Task 3 (Wood Fuel Use Projections)
(Report Nos. PB84-170570, PB84-170604, and PB84-
170612). Results developed from Task 6 (Control
Strategy Alternatives) and Task 5 (Wood Stove Emis-
sion Studies) are discussed within the framework of
potential mitigating measures (Report Nos. PB84-
170653 and PB84-170638). Current RWC particulate
impacts identified as a part of this study, as well as
those quantified by other Pacific Northwest aerosol
studies, are presented as are air quality projection
methodology and impact projection implications.
Keywords: "Wood, "Residential buildings, "Air pollu-
tion, Forecasting, Firewood, Combustion products,
Heating systems, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons,
Sampling, Stoves, Concentration(Composition), Sites,
Trace elements, Particles, Sources, Chemical analy-
sis, Carbon 14, "Air quality, 'Pacific northwest
region(United States), "Air pollution sampling, 'Air pol-
lution detection, Wood burning furnaces, Chemical
mass balance, Wood stoves, Indoor air pollution.
PB84-170604/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Residential Wood Combustion Study. Task 2B.
Household Information Survey. Final rept.
Green (Del) Associates, Inc., Woodburn, OR. Environ-
mental Technology Div.
Jun 82,84p EPA-910/9-82-089D
Contract EPA-68-02-3566
See also PB84-170596, and PB84-170612.Portions of
this document are not fully legible.
Surveys on residential wood combustion practices
were conducted in the metropolitan areas of Portland,
Oregon, and Seattle and Spokane, Washington, in the
spring of 1981. These surveys were part of the Resi-
dential Wood Combustion study investigating various
aspects of the air pollution impact associated with in-
creasing residential wood burning in the Pacific North-
west. The two major goals were to gather specific data
on woodburning activities during February 1981, as
well as to gather general data on woodburning prac-
tices. The interest in woodburning activity during Feb-
ruary was because temporary air monitoring stations
were operated in the survey areas during that period.
Each survey area was selected to include a one-mile
square area around the air monitoring stations, so that
the survey information could be correlated to the ambi-
ent data. The results of this ambient monitoring study
are reported under Task 1 of this project PB84-
170570. The survey results are summarized in this
report, with the data presented in chart form. The
survey methodology, the statistical analyses per-
formed, and the problems encountered are discussed.
Keywords: 'Wood, 'Residential buildings, 'Air pollu-
tion, "Households, Surveys, Tables(Data), Firewood,
Combustion products, Heating systems, Aromatic po-
lycyclic hydrocarbons, Sampling, Stoves,
Concentration(Composition), Sites, Trace elements,
Particles, Sources, Chemical analysis, Carbon 14, "Air
quality, "Pacific northwest region(United States), "Air
pollution sampling, 'Air pollution detection, Wood
burning furnaces, Chemical mass balance, Wood
stoves, Indoor air pollution.
PB84-170612/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle. WA.
Region X.
Residential Wood Combustion Study. Task 3.
Wood Fuel Use Projection. Final rept.,
Green (Del) Associates, Inc., Woodburn, OR. Environ-
mental Technology Div.
W. T. Greene, and R. L. Gay. Dec 82,146p EPA-910/
9-82-089E
Contract EPA-68-02-3566
See also PB84-170604, and PB84-170620. Prepared
in cooperation with Solutions for Energy and Environ-
ment, Inc., Portland, OR., and Gay (Robert L.), Port-
land, OR.Portions of this document are not fully legi-
ble.
This report analyzes trends in wood fuel use within the
city limits of Seattle and Spokane (Washington) and in
the greater Portland (Oregon) metropolitan area.
Short-term (through 1985) and long-term (through
2000) trend projections are presented. Short-term pro-
jections were made based on volumes of firewood re-
moved from the nearest national forest(s) and average
heating season nephelometer light scattering coeffi-
cient (Bscat), normalized for temperature and meteor-
ological effects for two sites in the Portland areas and
one site in Seattle. For long-term projections of wood
fuel use, a state-of-the-art model was adapted and ap-
plied to simulate wood fuel use during 1970-2000. This
model calibrated well against limited available data on
actual wood use. The model projects increasing or de-
creasing wood fuel use based primarily upon the mag-
nitude of potential fuel cost savings from heating with
wood versus other fuels.
Keywords: 'Wood, 'Residential buildings, 'Air pollu-
tion, Cost analysis, Forecasting, Firewood, Combus-
tion products, Heating systems, Aromatic polycyclic
hydrocarbons,	Sampling,	Stoves.
Concentration(Composition), Sites, Trace elements,
Particles, Sources, Chemical analysis, Carbon 14, 'Air
quality, 'Pacific northwest regionjUnited States), 'Air
pollution sampling, 'Air pollution detection, Wood
burning furnaces, Chemical mass balance, Wood
stoves, Indoor air pollution.
PB84-170620/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Residential Wood Combustion Study. Task 4.
Technical Analysis of Wood Stoves: Combustion
Principles, Design Considerations, Operating
Techniques. Final rept.
Green (Del) Associates, Inc., Woodburn, OR. Environ-
mental Technology Div.
Mar 83,75p EPA-910/9-82-089F
Contract EPA-68-02-3566
See also PB84-170612, and PB84-170638.
Design and operation of residential wood combustion
devices influence both performance and emissions.
Important design considerations include mechanisms
to increase thermal efficiency and improve combustion
efficiency. Operator-controlled variables such as fuel,
charging rate, and combustion air regulation greatly
impact performance and emissions. An overview of
general information on fireplaces and woodstove
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
design and operation, based on a literature review, is
provided in this report. Basic combustion principles, ef-
ficiencies and combustion variables are discussed.
The influence of design configurations on combustion
with the resultant formation of pollutants is investigat-
ed. Modification of the combustion system and the
heat transfer mechanism by design or retrofit is ex-
plored. The impact of fuel species, fuel moisture con-
tent and operational variables are discussed. Tech-
niques for proper stove selection, particularly sizing of
the stove for needed heat output, are described.
Design parameters and firing techniques recommend-
ed to operate a stove or fireplace with minimum emis-
sions are discussed. A bibliography of relevant techni-
cal reports is provided.
Keywords: "Wood, 'Residential buildings, "Air pollu-
tion, 'Stoves, Heat transfer. Performance evaluation,
Firewood, Combustion products, Heating systems, Ar-
omatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Sampling, Design cri-
teria, Concentration(Composition), Sites, Trace ele-
ments, Particles, Sources, Chemical analysis, Carbon
14, 'Air quality, 'Pacific northwest region(United
States), "Air pollution sampling, 'Air pollution detec-
tion, "Wood stoves, Wood burning furnaces, Chemical
mass balance, Indoor air pollution.
PB84-170638/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Residential Wood Combustion Study. Task 5.
Emissions Testing of Wood Stoves, Volumes 1
and 2. Final rept.
Green (Del) Associates, Inc., Woodburn, OR, Environ-
mental Technology Div.
Nov 82, 304p EPA-910/9-82-089G
Contract EPA-60-02-3566
See also PB84-170646.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
This report presents the results of 19 emission tests on
four wood stoves and two retrofit emission control de-
vices. The testing was conducted during June-October
1981. The objectives of this study were to further iden-
tify the effect of wood moisture on stove emissions, to
evaluate several inexpensive (simplified) test proce-
dures for assessing particulate emissions, and to
define a level of particulate emissions which can be
expected from state-of-the-art improved combustion
stoves. This study included evaluating previous test
data reported in the literature. A single standard oper-
ating procedure was used throughout the test pro-
gram, the objective of which was to maintain a con-
stant heat output rate, as monitored by combustion
chamber temperature and stove surface temperature.
A heat output rate corresponding to a relatively moder-
ate to low burn rate (less than 2.5 kg wood/hour) was
chosen. A single wood type (Douglas fir) was used
throughout the study, wood size was maintained at a
consistent level. Throughout the entire test program
measurements were made for particulates, carbon
monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and hydrocarbon
content of the emissions; the gaseous constituents
were monitored continuously. Measurements were
made for creosote deposition, opacity, and smoke
spot density. Appendices for this report are contained
in Report No. PB84-170646.
Keywords: "Wood, "Residential buildings, "Air pollu-
tion, 'Stoves, Performance evaluation, Firewood,
Combustion products, Heating systems, Aromatic po-
lycyclic hydrocarbons, Sampling, Hydrocarbons,
Concentration(Composition), Sites, Trace elements,
Particles, Sources, Chemical analysis, Carbon 14,
Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide, Oxygen, 'Air qual-
ity, 'Pacific northwest region(United States), 'Air pol-
lution sampling, 'Air pollution detection, "Wood
stoves, Indoor air pollution, Wood burning furnaces,
Chemical mass balance, State of the art.
PB84-170646/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Residential Wood Combustion Study. Task 5.
Emissions Testing of Wood Stoves. Volumes 3
and 4 (Appendices).	_
Green (Del) Associates, Inc., Woodburn, OR. Environ-
mental Technology Div.
Nov 82, 353p EPA-910/9-82-089H
Contract EPA-68-02-3566
See also PB84-170638, and PB84-170653. Portions of
this document are not fully legible.
This report contains the appendices for the results of
19 emission tests on four wood stoves and two retrofit
emission control devices (reported in PB84-170638).
The objectives of the study were to further identify the
effect of wood moisture on stove emissions, to evalu-
ate several inexpensive (simplified) test procedures for
assessing particulate emissions, and to define a level
of particulate emissions which can be expected from
state-of-the-art improved combustion stoves. This
study included evaluating previous test data reported
in the literature. A single standard operating procedure
was used throughout the test program, the objective of
which was to maintain a constant heat output rate, as
monitored by combustion chamber temperature and
stove surface temperature. A heat output rate corre-
sponding to a relatively moderate to low burn rate (less
than 2.5 kg wood/hour) was chosen. A single wood
type (Douglas fir) was used throughout the study:
wood size was maintained at a consistent level.
Throughout the entire test program measurements
were made for particulate, carbon monoxide, carbon
dioxide, oxygen, and hydrocarbon content of the emis-
sions; the gaseous constituents were monitored con-
tinuously. Measurements were made for creosote dep-
osition, opacity, and smoke spot density.
Keywords: "Wood, "Residential buildings, "Air pollu-
tion, "Stoves, Firewood, Combustion products, Heat-
ing systems, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Sam-
pling, Hydrocarbon, Concentration(Composition),
Sites, Trace elements, Particles, Sources, Chemical
analysis, Carbon 14, Opacity, Carbon monoxide.
Carbon dioxide, Oxygen, "Air quality, "Pacific north-
west region(United States), 'Air pollution sampling,
"Air pollution detection, 'Wood stoves, Wood burning
furnaces, Chemical mass balance, State of the art,
Indoor air pollution, Smoke.
PB84-170653/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Residential Wood Combustion Study. Task 7.
indoor Air Quality. Final rept.,
Green (Del) Associates, Inc., Woodburn, OR. Environ-
mental Technology Div.
J. E. Core, J. A. Cooper, and J. E- Houck. Oct 82,159p
EPA-910/9-82-089J
Contract EPA-68-02-3566
See also PB84-170646. Prepared in cooperation with
NEA, Inc., Beaverton, OR.Portions of this document
are not fully legible.
Indoor exposure to particulate air pollution associated
with residential wood combustion was studied in five
typical Northwest homes during May, 1980. Particulate
mass and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PNA)
species were measured in each home prior to, and
during wood appliance use to determine the degree to
which indoor particulate mass and PNA concentra-
tions increased. Air infiltration rate information typical
of the homes included in the survey were obtained
from the literature. Records of wood use and climatic
conditions during the indoor sampling period were
maintained. Experimental results are compared to
other indoor air pollution studies on residential wood
combustion and interpreted in relation to typical wood
use during cold weather periods associated with great-
er wood burning activity. Program conclusions relative
to appliance operations, design and maintenance are
discussed.
Keywords: "Wood, "Residential buildings, "Air pollu-
tion, Performance evaluation, Design criteria, Fire-
wood, Combustion products, Heating systems, Aro-
matic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Sampling, Stoves,
Concentration(Composition), Sites, Trace elements,
Particles, Sources, Chemical analysis. Carbon 14, "Air
quality, "Pacific northwest region(United States), "Air
pollution sampling, "Air pollution detection, Wood
burning furnaces, Chemical mass balance, Wood
stoves, "Indoor air pollution.
PB84-170661/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of Process Systems for Effective Man-
agement of Aluminum Finishing Wastewaters and
Sludges. Final rept.,
Georgia Inst, of Tech., Atlanta. School of Civil Engi-
neering.
F. M. Saunders, E. S. K. Chian, C. B. Harmon, K. L.
Kratz, and J. M. Medero. Mar 84,157p* EPA-600/2-
84-077
Grant EPA-R-807512
Innovative processes for use in treatment of
wastewaters and sludges produced in anodizing, etch-
ing and painting extruded aluminum were investigated.
Results of the research can be immediately imple-
mented at many aluminum-finishing plants where
sludge disposal restrictions and costs are increasing.
Segregated neutralization and recovery of spent caus-
tic etch can be used to increase the net solids content
of dewatered-sludge available for disposal. Reclama-
tion of dewatered-sludge solids using acid extraction
for production of liquid alum has potential for virtual
elimination of the need for sludge disposal while pro-
ducing a net income from this sludge-reclamation
process.
Keywords: "Metal finishing, 'Aluminum industry,
"Water pollution control, "Sludge disposal, "Materials
recovery, "Waste treatment, Solid waste disposal.
Reclamation, Water reclamination, Acid treatment,
Dewatering, Performance evaluation.
PB84-170679/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Emergency Response Equipment to Clean Up
Hazardous Chemical Releases at Spills and Un-
controlled Waste Sites,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Edison, NJ. Oil and Hazardous Materials Spills Branch.
I. Wilder. 1982,22p EPA-600/D-82-348
This paper reviews some of the research activities of
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) re-
garding the development of emergency response
equipment to control hazardous chemical releases.
Several devices and systems have been developed by
EPA for environmental emergencies involving spills
and uncontrolled waste sites. Many of these have al-
ready been made available commercially by industry,
including a mobile physical/chemical treatment
system for processing contaminated water at hazard-
ous incidents and a mobile laboratory for on-site
chemical analyses. Other operationally-ready devices
addressed in this paper include: a mobile stream diver-
sion system for isolating segments of small streams to
facilitate the removal of contaminated sediments; a
portable backpack polyurethane foam diking system
for the containment of spilled chemicals; and an
acoustic emission-based spill alert device for detecting
imminent dike failure at lagoons containing toxic and
hazardous wastes. Prototypical equipment, described
in this paper, which are now undergoing shakedown
testing and evaluation include: a mobile soils washing
system for extracting spilled materials from excavated
soils on site; and a mobile, field-use incineration
system for the thermal destruction of toxic organic
compounds.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Chemical com-
pounds, "Waste disposal, "Mobile equipment, Sites,
Extraction, Water pollution, Soils, Incinerators, Sedi-
ments, Performance evaluation, "Chemical spills,
"Physical chemical treatment, Hazardous materials
spills, Toxic substances, Emergency plan.
PB84-170687/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Monticello Experiment: A Case Study,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing.
W. E. Cooper, and R. J. Stout. 1984,45p* EPA-600/D-
84-067
Grant EPA-R-808845
A number of assumptions are inherent in the process
of using animal toxicity tests to determine water quality
characteristics that can be considered safe for aquatic
life. These assumptions, expressed as hypotheses, in-
clude: (1) the transfer of laboratory acute toxicity tests
to a field situation is possible without serious distortion;
(2) multispecles or community level responses to toxic-
ity exposure will not be markedly different from single-
species responses; and (3) intermittent exposures with
short time intervals between events will produce the
same ecological responses as a continuous exposure
of the same concentration-time integral. These hy-
potheses were tested in two recycling stream ecosys-
tems at the Monticello Ecological Research Station of
EPA's Duluth, Minnesota Environmental Research
Laboratory.
Keywords: "Invertebrates, "Toxicity, "Water pollution
"Ecology, Exposure, Field tests, Safety, Aquatic biol-
ogy, Cresols, Minnows, Bass, Insects, Metabolism
Crustacea, 'Duluth(Minnesota), Ecosystems, Recy-
cling, Species diversity.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB84-170752/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Preliminary Report to Congress on Training for
Operators of Municipal Wastewater Treatment
Plants.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
1 Mar 84, 59p*
This is the preliminary report of the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency (EPA) to the United States Congress
on the status of State training programs for operators
of municipal wastewater treatment facilities and on the
development of a multiyear action plan to achieve
State self-sufficiency in operator training.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Personnel develop-
ment, 'Municipalities, State government, Project plan-
ning, Objectives, Allocations, Budgeting, Financing,
Availability, Grants, Maintenance, Fees, Education,
Cost effectiveness, 'Self sufficiency.
PB84-170802/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Improved Emission Factors for Fugitive Dust from
Western Surface Coal Mining Sources. Final rept.
Mar 79-Mar 81,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Kansas City, MO.
K. Axetell, Jr., and C. Cowherd, Jr. Mar 84,290p EPA-
600/7-84-048
Contract EPA-68-03-2924
The primary purpose of this study was to develop
emission factors for significant surface coal mining op-
erations that are applicable at Western surface coal
mines and are based on state-of-the-art sampling and
data analysis procedures. Primary objectives were (1)
to develop emission factors for individual mining oper-
ations, in the form of equations with several correction
factors to account for site-specific conditions, and (2)
to develop these factors for particles less than 2.5 mi-
crometers (fine particulates), particles less than 15 mi-
crometers (inhalable particulates), and total suspend-
ed particulates. Secondary objectives were (1) to de-
termine deposition rates over the 50- to 100-m dis-
tance downwind from the sources, and (2) to estimate
control efficiencies for certain source categories.
Emissions resulting from the following were sampled
at three mines during 1979 and 1980: drilling, blasting,
coal loading, bulldozing, dragline operations, haul
trucks, light- and medium-duty trucks, scrapers, grad-
ers, and wind erosion of exposed areas. The primary
sampling methods was exposure profiling, supple-
mented by upwind/downwind, ballon, wind tunnel, and
quasi-stack sampling. The number of tests run totaled
265. The report concludes with a comparison of the
generated emission factors with previous ones, a
statement regarding their applicability to mining oper-
ations with specific caveats and collateral information
which must be considered in their use and recommen-
dations for additional research In Western and other
mines.
Keywords: 'Coal mining, "Surface mining, 'Air pollu-
tion. Sampling, Sites, Particles, Wind(Meteorology),
'Emission factors, 'Fugitive emissions, * Air pollution
sampling, State of the art.
PB84-170810/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Seattle Distribution System Corrosion Control
Study. Volume 2. Tolt River Water Pilot Plant
Study,
Seattle Dept. of Water, WA.
C. E. Herrera,and B. P. Hoyt. Mar 84,11 ipEPA-600/
2-84-065
Grant EPA-R-806686
See also P882-231820.
For 6 months, the Seattle Water Department conduct-
ed a corrosion treatment pilot plant study, obtaining
data on the treatment of Tolt River water with lime/
sodium carbonate, lime/sodium bicarbonate, and
lime/bicarbonate/silicate. Continuous-flow pipe
coupon tests were conducted to determine corrosion
rates, penetration rates, and corrosion types for
copper, galvanized steel and black steel pipes. Metal
leaching tests were conducted usina small diameter
pipes. Research showed that using lime plus sodium
carbonate, lime plus sodium bicarbonate, and lime
plus bicarbonate plus silicate will significantly reduce
corrosion in home plumbing systems. Based on this
pilot study, lime plus sodium carbonate treatment is
recommended for the Cedar River water supply at an
average dosage of 1.7 mg/L CaO. This dose should
achieve an average distribution system pH of 7.9 and
an alkalinity of 18 mg/l CaC03.
Keywords: 'Corrosion prevention, 'Distribution sys-
tems, 'Plumbing, "Water treatment, 'Tolt River, Pilot
plants, Penetration, Sodium carbonates, Calcium
oxides, Bicarbonates, Protection, Steels, Lead(Metal),
Zinc, Copper, Dosage, Cedar River, Water supply,
Washington(State), Graphs(Charts), Photographs.
PB84-170828/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Physico-Chemlcal Model of Toxic Substances in
the Great Lakes,
Manhattan Coll., Bronx, NY. Environmental Engineer-
ing and Science Program.
R. V. Thomann, and D. M. DiToro. Mar 84,177p EPA-
600/3-84-050
Grants EPA-R-805916, EPA-R-807853
A physico-chemical model of the fate of toxic sub-
stances in the Great Lakes is constructed from mass
balance principles and incorporates principal mecha-
nisms of particulate sorption-desorption, sediment-
water and atmosphere-water interactions, and chemi-
cal and biochemical decay. Calibration of the toxic
model is through comparison to plutonium-239 data
collected in the 1970s using a 23 year time variable
calculation and indicates that in general, the sedi-
ments are interactive with the water column in the
Great Lakes through resuspension and or horizontal
transport. Fifty percent response times of 239Pu fol-
lowing a cessation of load extend beyond 10 years
with sediment resuspension. The calibration model
was applied to polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) using a
high and low estimate of contemporary external load
and with and without volatilization. Calibration of the
model to data on benzo(a)pyrene confirms that on a
lake-wide scale the principal external source in the at-
mosphere and for the larger lakes such as Michigan
the response time of the lake to external loads is about
6-10 years while for Lake Erie response time is about 2
years. Application of the model to cadmium in the
lakes, using a solids dependent partition coefficient in-
dicates that the lakes do not reach equilibrium over a
100 year period. Calculated high concentrations of
cadmium in interstitial water (e.g., 10 microgram/l) in-
dicate the importance of measuring interstitial cadmi-
um concentrations.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Great Lakes, "Mathe-
matical models, Sediments, Biochemistry, Sorption,
Desorption, Cadmium, Plutonium 239, Vaporizing,
Concentration(Composition), Particles, Physical prop-
erties, Chemical properties, Reaction kinetics, 'Toxic
substances, 'Path of pollutants, Sediment-water inter-
faces, Air-water interfaces, Polychlorinated biphenyls,
Benzopyrenes.
PB84-170836/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Sociological Factors in the Adoption of Agricul-
tural Best Management Practices. Final rept. Sep
79-Dec 82,
Iowa State Univ., Ames.
P. J. Nowak, P. F. Korsching, D. J. Wagener, and T. J.
Hoban. Mar 84,128p EPA-600/5-84-001
Grant EPA-R-806814
The primary goal of this research was to determine the
relevant socioeconomic, demographic and agricultural
factors that influence the adoption and maintenance of
agricultural best management practices. A general
theoretic model describing the adoption of technology
was modified and used for developing hypotheses to
explain BMP adoption. To test the hypotheses, data
was collected on 193 farm operators in three water-
sheds in Iowa. Four types of variables-personal and
socioeconomic characteristics, land ecological char-
acteristics, farm enterprise characteristics, and institu-
tional factors-were examined for their effect on the
adoption of BMPs. A two-stage regression analysis
was used. The most important variables in explaining
adoption of BMPs are the institutional factors.
Keywords: "Sociometrics, "Agricultural economics,
Mathematical models. Demography, Personnel, Data
acquisition, Farms, Ecology, Land use, Regression
analysis, Watersheds, Iowa, Best management prac-
tices, Agribusiness, 'Institutions.
PB84-170844/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Liners for Waste Impoundments and Disposal Fa-
cilities. Technical paper,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Div.
R. E. Landreth. 1981,11pEPA-600/D-81-249
An overview is presented of the current technology re-
lated to liners of waste disposal and impoundment fa-
cilities. Information is summarized on the characteris-
tics, selection, performance and installation of liners
for various disposal situations. Some cost estimates
are also included. Basic guidelines are given for the
design and construction of lined waste facilities, and
suggestions are made for preparing construction and
material specifications.
Keywords: 'Linings, 'Solid waste disposal. Perform-
ance evaluation. Design criteria, Cost estimates, Tech-
nology, Polymers, Soils, Clays, Spraying, Sealants, Ad-
sorptivity, Fly ash, 'Liquid waste disposal, Activated
charcoal.
PBB4-170851/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Fourche Creek Urban Runoff Project. Volume 2.
Main Report. Final rept. 1979-83.
METROPLAN, Little Rock, AR.
1983,234p*
Grant EPA-P-006069-01 -0
See also PB84-170869, and PB84-161744.
The Little Rock, AK, WQM Plan identified urban runoff
into Fourche Creek as the most significant nonpoint
source water quality problem in the metropolitan area.
Project objectives include, (1) clarifying the nature and
extent of the problem; (2) analysis of the effectiveness
of selected best management practices; (3) assessing
cost effectiveness of BMP's, and (4) effects of applica-
tion of BMP's throughout the Fourche Creek System.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Urban areas, 'Water pollution,
"Fourche Creek, Stream flow, Rainfall, Stream pollu-
tion, Storms, Civil engineering, Channel improve-
ments, Snowmelt, Cost effectiveness, Urban planning,
Regional planning, Embankments, Storm drains, Land
use, Sediment transport, Arkansas, Best management
practices, Nonpoint sources, Gabions.
PB84-170869/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Fourche Creek Urban Runoff Project. Volume 3.
The Data Report. Final rept. 1979-83.
METROPLAN, Little Rock, AR.
1983,312p
Grant EPA-P-006069-01 -0
See also PB84-170851.
The Little Rock, AK, WQM Plan Identified urban runoff
into Fourche Creek as the most significant nonpoint
source water quality problem in the metropolitan area.
Project objectives include: (1) clarifying the nature and
extent of the problem; (2) analysis of the effectiveness
of selected best management practices; (3) assessing
cost effectiveness of BMP's; and (4) effects of applica-
tion of BMP's throughout the Fourche Creek System.
BMP's evaluated included gabions, channel clearing
with bank relocation and rip rap, and vegetation, and
use of sodding with check dams to reduce slopes.
Keywords: "Runoff, 'Urban areas, "Water pollution,
"Fourche Creek, Stream flow, Rainfall, Sediment
transport, Land use, Storm sewers, Regional planning,
Channel improvements, Civil engineering, Arkansas,
Embankments, Hydraulic structures, Rip rap. Slope,
'Urban hydrology, 'Storm water runoff, Best manage-
ment practices, Gabions.
PB84-170877/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Early Life-Stage Toxicity Test with Tidewater Sll-
versides (Menidia peninsulae) and Chlorine-Pro-
duced Oxidant*. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
L. R. Goodman, D. P. Middaugh, D. J. Hansen, P. K.
Higdon, and G. M. Cripe. 1983,8p EPA-600/J-83-158,
CONTRIB-466
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v2
p337-3421983.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Early life-stage toxicity tests (continuous exposure
from embryonic stage to approximately three weeks or
more into the exogenous feeding stage) with North
American marine fishes have been conducted almost
exclusively with cyprinodontids. In this paper, the au-
thors present methods for testing a representative of
an additional family, Atherinidae. Embryos of the tide-
water silverside, Menidia peninsulae, were obtained by
a laboratory spawning procedure that required lighting
and tidal (current) cues. The 28-day toxicity test with
chlorine produced oxidants (CPO) began with stage 21
and 22 embryos (approximately 36-h old). Average
measured CPO concentrations in exposure water
were: nondetectable (<0.01 mg/L) in the control and
the two lowest exposure concentrations; and 0.01,
0.04, and 0.21 mg/L. Survival of embryos to hatching
averaged 99%, with no significant difference among
treatments.
Keywords: "Oxidants, "Toxicology, Chlorine, Survival,
Fishes, Exposure, Reprints, Menidia peninsulae, Tide-
water silverside, "Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB84-17088S	Not available NTIS
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Stratified Flow over Three-Dimensional Ridges,
Surrey Univ., Guildford (England).
I. P. Castro, W. H. Snyder, and G. L. Marsh. c1983, 25p
EPA-600/J-83-159
Sponsored in part by Northrop Services, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in Jnl. of Fluid Mechanics v135 p261-282 1983.
An experimental study of the stratified flow over trian-
gular-shaped ridges of various aspect ratios is de-
scribed. The flows were produced by towing inverted
bodies through saline water solutions with stable
(linear) density gradients. Flow-visualization tech-
niques were used extensively to obtain measurements
of the lee-wave structure and its interaction with the
near-wake recirculating region and to determine the
height of the upstream dividing streamline (below
which all fluid moved around, rather than over the
body).
Keywords: "Three dimensional flow, Flow visualiza-
tion, Wakes, Vortices, Froude number, Reprints,
"Stratified flow, "Vortex shedding.
PB84-170893	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Effects of Cooperation on Competitive Systems,
Journal article,
Tennessee Univ., Knoxville.
T. G. Hallam. C1980,12p EPA-600/J-80-450
Grant EPA-R-806726
Pub. in Jnl. of Theoretical Biology, v82 n3 p415-423
1980.
A persistence-extinction theory of coupled coopera-
tive-competitive systems is developed for three dimen-
sion Lotka-Volterra systems. Model conclusions indi-
cate, as intuitively expected, that protocooperation can
be beneficial for all species in the community. An out-
come that is, perhaps, unexpected is that a protocoo-
perative species can drive a stable competitive com-
munity to extinction. The models are successively
modified to include a hierarchy of obligatory interac-
tions. Obligatory cooperation generally leads to an in-
creased degree of extinction from the perspective that
it is generally attained under weaker conditions and
generally involves more species.
Keywords: "Ecology, "Competition, Cooperation, Re-
prints, 'Biological systems.
PB84-170901	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Optimal Cost Control Strategies for Attached
Algae,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
R P. Canale, M. T. Auer, Y. Matsuoka, T. M. Heidtke,
and S. J. Wright. C1983, 20p EPA-600/J-83-160
Grant EPA-R-806600
Pub in Jnl. of Environmental Engineering v109, n6
p1225-1242 1983.
This paper presents a cost-benefit analysis for alterna-
tive programs intended for the control of the nuisance
growth of an attached alga (Cladophora). Such analy-
ses require that changes in water quality be quantita-
tively related to the cost of implementation for specific
management strategies. In this study, a mathematical
106 Vol. 90, No. 24
model for Cladophora growth provided the link be-
tween management strategy and water quality. Credi-
bility of the model as a management tool was estab-
lished through a program of model development, cali-
bration and verification at a site on Lake Huron. The
modeling program was complemented by an extensive
field monitoring effort and comprehensive scientific
studies defining the processes of nutrient uptake and
algal growth. Cost-benefit analyses were prepared for
three general control strategies.
Keywords: "Algae, "Water pollution control, "Lake
Huron, Benefit cost analysis, Control, Mathematical
models, Calibrating, Field tests, Nutrients, Phospho-
rus, Concentration(Composition), Waste disposal.
Beaches, Sewage treatment, Optimization, Reprints,
"Cladophora.
PB84-170919	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Enhancement of Benzo(a)Pyrene Mutagenicity by
Chrysotiie Asbestos in Rat Liver Epithelial Cells,
American Health Foundation, Valhalla, NY. Naylor
Dana Inst, for Disease Prevention.
B. Reiss, C. Tong, S. Telang, and G. M. Williams.
C1983,8p EPA-600/J-83-163
Grant EPA-R-803998.
Pub. in Environmental Research 1, p100-104 1983.
The co-mutagenicity of chrysotiie asbestos and
benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) was studied in adult rat liver
(ARL-18) epithelial cells. Exposure to chrysotiie alone
did not increase the mutant incidence whereas B(a)P
was mutagenic. Simultaneous exposure of the cells to
chrysotiie and B(a)P resulted in an enhanced mutant
recovery compared to exposure to either of these sub-
stances alone. However, chrysotiie did not enhance
the mutagenicity of the carcinogen, N-methyl-N'-nitro-
N-nitrosoguanidine.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Asbestos, Rats, Liver, Epi-
thelium, Cells(Biology), Exposure, Reprints, "Benzo-
pyrene, "Mutagenesis.
PBS4-170927	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Biodegradation and Photolysis of Pentachloro-
phenol in Artificial Freshwater Streams,
Saint Olaf Coll., Northfield, MN.
J. J. Pignatello, M, M. Martinson, J. G. Steifert, R. E.
Carlson, and R. L. Crawford. C1983,11p EPA-600/J-
83-162
Grant EPA-R-810016
Pub. in Applied Environmental Microbiology v46, n5
P1024-1031 1983.
The biodegradation, photolysis, and adsorption of pen-
tachlorophenol (PCP) in outdoor, aquatic environ-
ments were examined with man-made channels built
by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency at a field
station on the Mississippi River near Monticello, Minn.
The authors monitored the biotic and abiotic degrada-
tion of PCP in these channels for approximately 16
weeks. Most of the PCP-mineralizing microorganisms
that developed in the channels were either attached to
surfaces (e.g., rocks and macrophytes) or associated
with surface sediments. Total bacterial numbers (direct
microscopic counts) in the various channels were not
affected significantly by PCP concentrations of micro-
grams per liter. Numerous strains of bacteria able to
grow at the expense of PCP were isolated from the
adapted channels. The experiments reported here will
help predict the responses of flowing aquatic ecosys-
tems to contamination by biocides such as pentachlor-
ophenol.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Biodeterioration, "Pho-
tolysis, "Adsorption, Fresh water, Streams, Chlorine
organic compounds, Sediments, Microorganisms, Pes-
ticides, Reprints, "Phenol/pentachloro, Ecosystems.
PB84-170935/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Further Evidence of an Inverse Relation between
Mammalian Body Mass and Sensitivity to Radio-
Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation. Journal arti-
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Experimental Biology Div.
C. J. Gordon. 1983, 9p EPA-600/J-83-182
Pub. in Jnl. of Microwave Power, v18 n4 p377-383
1983.
The principal objectives of the paper under criticism
were to interrelate the effects of ambient temperature
and intensity of exposure to radiofrequency electro-
magnetic radiation (RFR) on the activity of a single
thermoregulatory effector, evaporative heat loss (EHL)
and (ii) to ascertain if there is a relation between an
animal's body mass and its sensitivity to thermalizing
levels of RFR. In the following response, the author
shall first explain the rationale and significance of inter-
relating the effects of Ta versus RFR; second, the
author shall attempt to demonstrate theoretically why
there should be an inverse relation between body
mass and sensitivity of the organism to RFR; and third,
the author shall report additional data that further dem-
onstrate the principle of an inverse relation between
body mass and SAR thresholds of physiological activi-
ty.
Keywords: "Microwaves, "Electromagnetic radiation,
"Temperature, Thermoregulation, Exposure, Sensitivi-
ty, Mammals, Reprints.
PB84-170943	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Retrospective Analysis of the Response of Sagi-
naw Bay, Lake Huron, to Reductions in Phospho-
rus Loadings. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
V. J. Bierman, Jr., D. M. Dolan, R. Kasprzyk, and J. L.
Clark. c1983,11 p EPA-600/J-84-001
Also pub. as Environmental Research Lab., Narragan-
sett, Rl. Contrib-343. Prepared in cooperation with
International Joint Commission, Windsor (Ontario).
Pub. in Environmental Science Technology, v18 n1
p23-31 1984.
A retrospective analysis was conducted of the re-
sponse of Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, to a substantial
reduction in external phosphorus loadings over the
study period 1974-1980. Loadings to Saginaw Bay
from the Saginaw River for total phosphorus and dis-
solved ortho phosphorus were 55% and 72% lower,
respectively, in 1980 than in 1974. In the most serious-
ly degraded area of the bay, spring and fall total phos-
phorus concentrations decreased "by 1 % and 14%, re-
spectively, while chlorophyll a concentrations de-
creased by 53% and 61 % in the same seasons. The
corresponding decreases for inverse Secchi depth
were 0% and 17%. Sediment resuspension due to
wind-induced wave action was the probable cause for
the anomalous relationship between chlorophyll a and
total phosphorus concentrations, and the lack of re-
sponse of inverse Secchi depth. A substantial de-
crease in threshold odor observed in the municipal
water supply during the study period was correlated
with a decrease in biue-green dry weight biomass con-
centration.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus, "Water pollution, "Saginaw
Bay, Lake Huron, Concentration(Composition), Sea-
sonal variations, Chlorophylls, Sediments, Lake
waves, Wind(Meteorology), Biomass, Odors, Phyto-
plankton, Reprints.
PB84-170950/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Review of Published Studies on Gut Penetration
by Ingested Asbestos Fibers. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
P. M. Cook. 1983,12p EPA-600/J-83-161
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v53 p121-
1301983.
During the 1970s, potential health risks associated
with exposure to asbestos in drinking water became a
national concern. One of the key questions that arose
from debate over whether ingestion of mineral fibers
could result in increased gastrointestinal cancer risk
was whether fibers can penetrate the gastrointestinal
mucosa and thus have some chance of residing in
tissue. It is likely that such movement of a large
number of fibers is a necessary precursor for carcino-
genesis following ingestion of asbestos. Studies of the
potential for fiber accumulation in tissues and body
fluids following introduction of asbestos to the alimen-
tary canal have provided seemingly contradictory ob-
servations. This review, which places particular em-
phasis on the impact of experimental and analytical
limitations on the evidential strengths of each study, in-
dicates the likelihood that a very small fraction of in-
gested microscopic asbestos fibers penetrates the
gastrointestinal mucosa. A reliable estimate of the
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
consequence of chronic human ingestion of asbestos
cannot be made at this time.
Keywords: "Asbestos, "Toxicology, Humans,
Ingestion(Biology), Tissues(Biology), Gastrointestinal
system, Reprints, Carcinogenesis.
PB84-170968	Not available NTIS
Lack of Initiating and/or Promoting Activity of
Sodium Malondialdehyde on Senear Mouse Skin.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Experimental Biology Div.
S. M. Fischer, S. Ogle, L. J. Marnett, S. Nesnow, and T.
J. Slaga. C1983,8p EPA-600/J-83-166
Prepared in cooperation with Oak Ridge National Lab.,
TN. and Wayne State Univ., Detroit, Ml. Dept. of
Chemistry.
Pub. in Cancer Letters, v19 p61 -661983.
Malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation product,
has been implicated in carcinogenesis in part for its re-
ported mutagenic activity. It was of interest therefore,
to determine its activity as either a complete carcino-
gen, a tumor initiator, or a tumor promoter. Using the
SENCAR mouse skin model, pure sodium MDA
(NaMDA) was found to lack activity in any of these cat-
egories. Furthermore, NaMDA was determined to be
negative in the Chinese hamster V-79 metabolic coop-
eration assay for promoters.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Mutagens, Mice,
Skin(Anatomy), Reprints, "Carcinogenesis, "Malon-
dialdehyde.
PB84-170976	Not available NTIS
Assessment of Model Simulation of Long-Dis-
tance Transport,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J. F. Clarke, T. L. Clark, J. K. S. Ching, P. L.
Haagenson, and R. B. Hussar. C1983,16p EPA-600/J-
83-167
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v17,12 p2449-2462
1983.
The ability of trajectory models and meteorological
data bases to simulate long-distance transport of air
pollutants is assessed by comparing trajectories of te-
troons and tetroon grounding locations from several
recent U.S. Environmental Protection field studies with
diagnostic trajectories computed from National Weath-
er Service (NWS) wind measurements. Trajectories
from three different models were used in the assess-
ment; trajectories based on 24-h surface wind data,
isentropic trajectories based on 12-h NWS radiosonde
data, and boundary layer trajectories based on 6- and
12-h NWS radiosonde data. The results suggest that a
large uncertainty is inherent in diagnostic trajectories
regardless of the model or wind data used.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Transport properties,
"Mathematical models, Assessments, Trajectories,
Meteorological data, Comparison, Field tests,
Wind(Meteorology), Reprints.
PB84-170984/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Measurements of the Products of Atmospheric
Photochemical Reactions In Laboratory Studies
and in Ambient Air-Relationships Between Ozone
and Other products,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
A. P. Altshuller. C1983, 47p EPA-600/J-83-164
Pub, in Atmospheric Environment v17, 12 p2383-2427
1983.
Many inorganic and organic gaseous and aerosol
products are formed in the atmosphere from atmos-
pheric photochemical reactions. The mechanisms of
formation, types of products identified, smog chamber
studies, and ambient air concentrations and distribu-
tions are considered in this review. Because ozone is a
key product which is widely measured, It is of consider-
able interest to determine whether the atmospheric
distributions of other products are strongly related to
that of ozone. The same products predicted by labora-
tory studies are present in significant concentrations in
the atmosphere. The substantial ambient air concen-
tration levels of combinations of other products is of
possible concern from the air quality viewpoint. The
ambient air measurement results indicate that ozone
cannot be expected to serve as an adequate surrogate
for the other products. The laboratory studies relating
the yields of ozone and other products to initial hydro-
carbon and nitrogen oxide concentration and hydro-
carbon composition also indicate that the variations in
other products do not closely match those of ozone.
Keywords: "Photochemical reactions, "Ozone, Labo-
ratory equipment, Concentration(Composition), Test
chambers, Nitrogen dioxide, Hydrocarbons, Reprints,
"Atmospheric chemistry, Air quality, Chemical reaction
mechanisms.
PB84-170992	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Relationships Between Pb and 210 Pb In Aerosol
and Precipitation at a Semiremote Site In North-
ern Wisconsin. Journal article,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Water Chemistry Program.
R. W. Talbot, and A. W. Andren. c1983,12p EPA-600/
J-83-170
Grant EPA-R-806878
Pub. in Jnl. of Geophysical Research, v88 nC11
p6752-6760,20 Aug 83.
Measurements of Al, Pb, (210)Pb, and (210)Po in pre-
cipitation and aerosol were used to estimate wet and
dry components of the atmospheric flux at a semire-
mote site in northern Wisconsin. Wet deposition was
primarily responsible for removing airborne Pb,
(210)Pb, and (210)Po, while dry deposition was also
important for Al. Although Pb and (210)Pb both exhibit-
ed a wet/total ratio of about 0.8, precipitation washout
ratios for Pb and (210)Pb suggested that (210)Pb was
washed from the atmosphere with greater efficiency
than was Pb. This phenomenon was also illustrated by
comparing the weighted mean annual specific activity
in precipitation (976 pCi (210)Pb/mg Pb) and in aero-
sol (476 pCi (210)Pb/mg Pb) at this site between June
1979 and June 1980. By consideration of the apparent
differential precipitation washout of Pb and (210)Pb, a
reasonable estimate of the atmospheric flux of Pb was
obtained by using the mean Pb/(210)Pb ratio in aero-
sol and the (210)Pb flux. (Copyright (c) 1983 by the
American Geophysical Union.)
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Lead(Metal), "Aerosols,
"Precipitation(Meteorology), Polonium 210, Aluminum,
Natural radioactivity, Wisconsin, Sites, Reprints, "Air
pollution sampling, "Lead 210, Precipitation washout,
Tracer techniques, Wet deposition, Dry deposition,
Natural emissions.
PB84-17100S	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Assessment of Functional, Morphological and En-
zymatic Test for Acute Nephrotoxicity Induced by
Mercuric Chloride. Journal article,
Texas Univ. Medical School at Houston.
G. M. Lyle, R. Luthra, J. V. Bruckner, W. F. MacKenzie,
and D. Acosta. c1983, 21 p EPA-600/J-83-171
Grant EPA-CR-807449
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health,
v12 p99-117 1983.
The relative merits of a comprehensive series of con-
temporary methods for detection of acute nephrotoxi-
city were evaluated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were
given 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 30.0 mg mercuric chloride
(HgCI2)/kg body weight by ip injection. Indices of
nephrotoxicity were examined 8, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h
later. Alterations in urine osmolality, volume, and pro-
tein levels were seen within 24 h in response to 1 mg/
kg or more of HgCI2. Administration of 0.5-3.0 mg/kg
produced dose-dependent increases in urinary excre-
tion of maltase activity and glucose by 24 h, the period
of peak effect. There was no increase in maltase or al-
kaline phosphatase (AP) activity in the serum of these
animals. Enzymuria was not apparent in rats that had
marked elevations in serum AP, argininosuccinate
lyase, and ornithine carbamyl transferase activities as
a result of physical (i.e., dichlorodifluoromethane-
frozen) or chemical (carbon tetrachloride-induced)
damage of the liver.
Keywords: "Mercuric chloride, "Toxicology, Detection,
Assessments, Enzymes, Morphology, Rats, Laborato-
ry animals, Reprints, "Nephrotoxicity.
PB84-171016	Not available NTIS
Prediction of Buffer Catalysis in Field and Labora-
tory Studies of Pollutant Hydrolysis Reactions.
Journal article,
Portland State Univ., OR.
E. M. Purdue, and N. L. Wolfe. c1983,10p EPA-600/J-
83-168
Pub. in Environmental Sciences and Technology v17,
n11 p635-642 1983.
A mathematical model, based on application of the
Bronsted equations for general acid-base catalysis,
has been developed for use in forecasting the maxi-
mum contribution of buffer catalysis in pollutant hydrol-
ysis reactions. The predictive capacity of the model is
utilized to examine the potential significance of buffer
catalysis in selected buffers and in a nutrient medium,
both typical of laboratory studies, as well as in natural
waters of varying chemical composition. Buffer cataly-
sis is predicted to be potentially significant in laborato-
ry studies that use buffers at concentrations above
0.001 M to maintain constant pH; however, at the very
low concentrations of Bronsted acids and bases in
most aquatic environments, this phenomenon is prob-
ably insignificant. (Copyright (c) 1983 by the American
Chemical Society.)
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Hydrolysis,
"Buffers(Chemistry), "Catalysis, "Mathematical
models, Reaction kinetics, Thermodynamics, Degra-
dation, Chemical reactions, Laboratory equipment,
Field tests, pH, Reprints, "Bronsted equation, Ecosys-
tems.
PB84-171024	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
New Perspectives on the Hydrolytic Degradation
of the Organophosphorothloate Insecticide Chlor-
pyrlfos. Journal article,
Colorado School of Mines, Golden.
D. L. Macalady, and N. L. Wolfe. c1983,11p EPA-600/
J-83-169
Pub. in Jnl. of Agricultural and Food Chemistry v31, n6
p1139-1147 1983.
The disappearance kinetics in water for chlorpyrifos
(O.O-diethyl 0-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphoroth-
ioate), an important insecticide, has been investigated
to provide a kinetic expression to define the hydrolysis
process in aquatic ecosystems. Pseudo-first-order ki-
netics are observed over the pH range of 1-13. The
rate constant is independent of pH from pH 1 to pH 7
and has a value of (6.2 + or - 0.9) x 10 to the 6th
power/min at 26 deg. C. At alkaline pHs, the rate con-
stant is much larger but is not directly proportional to
hydroxide activity. The observed behavior over the pH
range 10-12 is consistent, however, with equilibrium
formation of a 5-coordinate charged hydroxyphosphor-
othioate intermediate and the rate-controlling decom-
position of this intermediate to products. Thus, the
second-order rate expression does not accurately de-
scribe the kinetics of degradation at alkaline pHs.
Product studies over the alkaline pH range (9-13) show
that the only major products are 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyri-
dinol and O.O-diethyl phosphorothioic acid. (Copyright
(c) 1983 by the American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: "Hydrolysis, "Degradation, "Water pollu-
tion, Pesticides, Insecticides, Reaction kinetics, pH,
Phosphorothioates, Phosphorus organic compounds,
Reprints, "Dursban, Ecosystems.
PB84-171032	Not available NTIS
Saint Olaf Coll., Northfield, MN.
Effects of Dlazlnon on Macrolnvertebrates and
Insect Emergence in Outdoor Experimental Chan-
nels,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Monticello, MN.
Monticello Ecological Research Station.
J. W. Arthur, J. A. Zischke, K. N. Allen, and R. O.
Hermanutz. C1983,22p EPA-600/J-83-165
Prepared in cooperation with Saint Olaf Coll., North-
field, MN.
Pub. in Aquatic toxicology 4 p283-301 1983.
Effects of diazinon on macroinvertebrates were as-
sessed in three outdoor experimental channels from
mid-May to mid-September, 1980. One channel
served as a control and two channels as low and high
treatments. Three dosing regimes were employed. The
low and high treatment channels were continuously
dosed for 12 wk to nominal concentrations of 0.3 and 3
micrograms/1, then increased to 6 and 12 micro-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
grams/1 for 4 wk, then the high treatment was in-
creased to 30 micrograms/1 with the low treatment
channel returned to ambient. Diazinon concentrations
did not reach the intended levels during the latter two
dosing regimes. No consistent interchannel differ-
ences were observed in total macroinvertebrate abun-
dance or in species diversity induces. Effects were
noted at the lowest concentration for amphipods and
insects. As diazinon concentrations were increased in-
terchannel community structure changes became
more pronounced. Elevated drift, especially amphi-
pods and snails, occurred in the treated channels 4 wk
after dosing began and following the increases in con-
centrations. Total numbers and species of insects
emerging from the three channels were not greatly dif-
ferent but lower numbers of mayflies and damselflies
emerged from the treated channels.
Keywords:	"Pesticides,	"Toxicology,
Tolerance(Physiology), Invertebrates, Nitrogen hetero-
cyclic compounds, Insects, Dosage, Reprints, "Dia-
zinon, "Phosphorothioates, Amphipoda.
PB84-171214/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Assessment of the Adequacy of the Appendix F
Quality Assurance Procedures for Maintaining
CEMS (Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems)
Data Accuracy: Status Report 2. Final rept.,
Entropy Environmentalists, Inc., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.	M
J. R. Jernigan, and J. W. Peeler. Mar 84,29p EPA-600/
4-84-023
Contract EPA-68-02-3767
See also PB83-264440.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is involved
in the development of 'Appendix F - Quality Assurance
Procedure 1 - Quality Assurance Requirements for
Gas Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS)
for Compliance.' According to Procedure 1, each emis-
sion source owner or operator is required to follow
specific quality control procedures, which are outlined
in this report. Two testing methods provided in Proce-
dure 1 are a cylinder gas audit (CGA) for CEMS that
are capable of accepting calibration gases and a rela-
tive accuracy audit (RAA) for all CEMS. The current
field performance audit program is designed to evalu-
ate the adequacy and effectiveness of the CEMS data
accuracy assessment procedures in Appendix F, Pro-
cedure 1 This status report describes test results from
the field audit program. The updated CGA and RAA re-
sults for all CEM tests conducted through November
1983 are included, and the CGA and RAA results are
compared.
Keywords: "Quality assurance, "Auditing, "Air pollu-
tion control equipment, "Electric power plants, Boilers,
Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Monitors, Standards,
Sources, Sampling, Performance evaluation, Carbon
dioxide, Sources, Oxygen, Assessments,
Tables(Data), "Continuous emission monitoring sys-
tems, Cylinder gas audits, Relative accuracy audits,
Flue gas desulfurization, Procedures.
PB84-171222	Not available NTIS
Comparative Tumor-initiating Activity of Complex
Mixtures from Environmental Particulate Emis-
sions on SENCAR Mouse Skin,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. Newnow, L. L. Triplett, and T. J. Slaga. C1982,8p
EPA-600/J-81-343
Pub. in J NCI, v68 n5 p829-834 May 1982.
The value of the SENCAR mouse for testing tumori-
genic properties of complex mixtures on mouse skin
was studied. Seven complex mixtures were obtained
as dichloromethane extracts of collected particulate
emissions from three diesel-fueled automobiles, a
heavy-duty diesel engine, a nonleaded gasoline-fueled
automobile, a coke oven battery, and a roofing tar pot.
These emissions were applied topically at multiple
doses to both male and female SENCAR mice that
were subsequently promoted with 12-0-tetradecanoyl-
phorbol 13-acetate. Two statistical analyses were ap-
plied to the data to rank the samples and to provide
95% confidence intervals.
Keywords: "Neoplasms, "Toxicology, Pathology, Mice,
Laboratory animals, Skin(Anatomy), Reprints, Air pol-
lution effects(Animals), Particulates.
108 Vol. 90, No. 24
PBB4-171230	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Drinking Water and Cancer Incidence in Iowa. 2.
Radioactivity In Drinking Water. Journal article Mar
79-Nov 82,
Iowa Univ., Iowa City. Coll. of Medicine.
J. A. Bean, P. Isacson, R. M. A. Hahne, and J. Kohler.
C1982, 12p EPA-600/1-82-425
Grant EPA-R-806301
See also PB84-171248.
Publ in American Jnl. of Epidemiology, v116 n6 p924-
932 1982.
This paper presents a logical epidemiologic explora-
tion into possible associations between exposures to
radium-226 in drinking water and incidence rates for
cancers of the bladder, breast, colon, lung, prostate,
and rectum. The most striking finding is the increasing
gradient of lung cancer for both males and females as-
sociated with increasing levels of radium-226. This
trend was very significant (p less than 0.002) for males,
but not so for females. A possible reason for reducing
significance in females is the relatively low incidence
compared to that in males. The same gradient holds
for males over three different time periods (1969-1971,
1973-1975, and 1976-1978). An obvious alternative
explanation that must be considered is differential
smoking patterns. This was investigated and does not
appear to be the case. Another explanation may be
that radium-226 is a surrogate for radon 222 in some
other radionuclide(s).
Keywords: "Radium isotopes, "Iowa, Epidemiology,
Exposure, Lung, Smoking, Reprints, "Drinking water,
"Water pollution effects(Humans).
PB84-171248	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Drinking Water and Cancer Incidence In Iowa. 1.
Trends and Incidence by Source of Drinking
Water and Size of Municipality. Journal article Mar
79-Nov 82,
Iowa Univ., Iowa City. Coll. of Medicine.
J. A. Bean, P. Isacson, W. J. Hausler, Jr., and J. Kohler.
C1982,15p EPA-600/J-82-424
Grant EPA-R-806301
See also PB84-171248.
Pub. in American Jnl. of Epidemiology, v116 n6 p912-
9231982.
The available data resources in the State of Iowa were
used to investigate the relationships of drinking water
contaminants and cancer incidence rates for commu-
nities. Age-adjusted, sex-specific cancer incidence
rates for the years 1969-1978 were determined for mu-
nicipalities having 1970 population of 1,000 or over
and a public water supply that had remained stable for
a minimum of 14 years. The cancer sites studied were
bladder, lung, colon, rectum, stomach, prostate, and
breast. These rates were examined according to major
source of water supply (surface, deep or shallow
ground), community size, time, and specific drinking
water contaminants. These studies provide further in-
dication that some drinking water contaminants such
as radionuclides, chloroform, dibromachloromethane
may be important in the etiology of some cancers.
Keywords: "Iowa, Trends, Incidence, Urban areas, Re-
prints, "Cancer, "Drinking water, "Water pollution
effects(Humans).
PB84-171362	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
Verification of Water Quality Models. Journal arti-
cle,
Manhattan Coll., Bronx, NY. Environmental Engineer-
ing and Science Graduate Program.
R. V. Thomann. C1982,21 p EPA-600/D-84-062
Grant EPA-R-B03680
Pub. in Jnl. of the Environmental Engineering Division,
Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engi-
neers, v108 nEE5 p923-940 Oct 82.
The basic concepts of water quality models are re-
viewed and the need to recognize calibration and veri-
fication of models with observed data is stressed. Post
auditing of models after environmental control proce-
dures are implemented is necessary to determine true
model prediction ability. The direct questions in the de-
cision-making arena related to model credibility are ex-
amined by several quantitative measures of model per-
formance: regression analysis between observed and
computed values, relative and root mean square errors
and comparison of means. An analysis of 15 DO water
quality models indicated median relative error of 10%.
For a eutrophication model of Lake Ontario, applica-
tion of quantitative verification measures indicated the
credibility of the calculations decreased as the model
was applied to smaller scale phenomena.
Keywords: "Mathematical models, "Water pollution,
Lake Ontario, Decision making, Oxygen, Dissolved
gases, Regression analysis, Errors, Kinetics, Perform-
ance evaluation, Reprints, "Eutrophication.
PB84-171453/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab-Cincinnati,
OH.
Oxides of Nitrogen/Ammonia Control Technology
for Oil Shale Retort Emissions. Final rept.,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
D. W. Dunn, T. A. Bonner, and S. C. Cheng. Mar 84,
89p EPA-600/2-84-078
Contract EPA-68-03-3025
The retorting of oil shale yields several undesirable
pollutants. The nitrogen in the shale and the reducing
conditions under which the retorting is carried out re-
sults in the formation of sizeable amounts of ammonia
in the gas stream. If not removed, the ammonia will
make a significant contribution to the NOx emissions
after the gas is burned. The projected NOx emissions
from five selected oil shale developers were modeled
using the VALLEY air dispersion model and found that
the levels of NOx were increased near the plant sites
but dropped off to just above baseline at a distance of
6 km. Additional projections of NOx impact on the am-
bient air impact were also made as a result of modify-
ing the combustion conditions and use of Selective
Catalytic Reduction control technology. Both of the ad-
ditional control technology options corresponded to
tighter air pollution regulations. It was concluded that
oxide of nitrogen emissions would not be a significant
air pollution problem in the development of the oil
shale industry.
Keywords: "Nitrogen oxides, "Ammonia, "Air pollution
control, "Oil shale, Transport properties, Catalysts,
Performance evaluation, Flue gases, Mobile equip-
ment, Design criteria, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, "Retorting, Atmospheric dispersion, Com-
bustion modification.
PB84-171545/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Study of the Effectiveness of a Catalytic Combus-
tion Device on a Wood Burning Appliance. Final
rept. Jun 82-Dec 83,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
J. M. Allen, W. H. Piispanen, and M. Cooke. Mar 84,
47p EPA-600/7-84-046
Contract EPA-68-02-3169
The report gives results of operating a wood stove, in-
corporating a catalytic combustor, while burning air-
dried oak at low burning rates. Gas composition was
measured continuously both at the entrance of the cat-
alyst (after the gases had left the burning wood) and at
the exit of the stove (after the gases had traversed the
catalyst). These continuous monitors showed a reduc-
tion of about 3:1 in volatile hydrocarbons measured by
a flame ionization detector, and a comparable reduc-
tion in carbon monoxide. These monitors showed no
significant corresponding reduction when the active
catalyst was replaced with an identical ceramic ele-
ment, but without the noble metal coating. Grab sam-
ples collected from the flue gas early during the wood
burning cycle, analyzed by direct gas-phase MS and
GC, confirmed the lower concentrations of volatile
combustible species when the active catalyst was
used. Integrated samples of flue gas collected
throughout the test burn were analyzed for less volatile
organic species and PAH species. These analyses in-
dicated that the catalyst was less effective in reducing
these species, including particulate collected on a hot
filter and high molecular weight species such as BaP.
Keywords: "Catalytic converters, "Air pollution control
equipment, Performance evaluation, Stoves, Catalysis
Aromatic-polycvclic hydrocarbons, Gas analysis. Sam-
pling, Chemical analysis. Gas chromatography,' Mass
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ances, * Air pollution detection, * Air pollution sampling,
Volatile organic compounds.
PB84-171578/HSU	PC A23/MF A01
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Plastics Molding
and Forming Point Source Category,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
R. M. Southworth. Feb 84, 550p EPA-440/1-84/069-B
This document presents technical information on
which the proposed effluent limitations guidelines and
standards for the plastics molding and forming (PMF)
point source category are based. It includes informa-
tion on the category profile, water use, wastewater
characteristics, treatment technology options, treat-
ment technology costs, treatment technology effluent
quality, and production normalized flows. The pro-
posed effluent limitations guidelines for the PMF cate-
gory based on BPT, BAT, and BCT are presented in
this document along with the proposed NSPS. No pre-
treatment standards are proposed for this category.
Keywords: 'Plastics processing, "Molding techniques,
'Guidelines, 'Standards, 'Water pollution control,
Sources, Industrial waste treatment, 'Point sources,
Best technology. New source performance standards,
Pretreatment(Water).
PB84-171628/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Arizona State Dept. of Health Services, Phoenix.
Draft Environmental Impact Statement for Pro-
posed Arizona Hazardous Waste Management Fa-
cility.
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
Jan 83, 317p' EPA-909/9-03-001
See also PB84-171636. Sponsored in part by Arizona
State Dept. of Health Services, Phoenix and Bureau of
Land Management, Phoeniz, AZ. Prepared in coopera-
tion with SCS Engineers, Long Beach, CA., Wirth As-
sociates, Phoenix, AZ. and Aerocomp, Inc., Costa
Mesa, CA.
In this EIS, potential impacts have been assessed
using representative facility designs typical of facilities
which handle the types and amounts of wastes gener-
ated in Arizona. Alternatives considered are the
State's proposed site near the community of Mobile,
alternative sites in the Western Harquahala Plain and
the Ranegras Plain, and the No Action Alternative. For
each site, the EIS considers potential impacts on
ground water, air quality, public health and safety, bio-
logical communities, cultural resources, and other re-
sources. Mitigation measures are Identified for those
impacts which would not be addressed through the fa-
cility's permits.
Keywords; 'Environmental impact statements-draft,
'Hazardous materials, 'Arizona, Sites, Substitutes, Li-
censes, Solid waste disposal, 'Waste management.
PB84-171636/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Arizona State Dept. of Health Services, Phoenix.
Final Environmental Impact Statement for Pro-
posed Arizona Hazardous Waste Management Fa-
cility.
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
Jul 83,371 p* EPA-909/9-83-002
See also PB84-171628. Sponsored in part by Arizona
State Dept. of Health Services, Phoenix and Bureau of
Land Management, Phoenix, AZ. Prepared in coopera-
tion with SCS Engineers, Long Beach, CA. and Wirth
Associates, Phoenix, AZ.
The State of Arizona has asked to purchase a one-
square mile parcel of land from the U.S. Bureau of
Land Management for siting a state-owned contractor-
operated hazardous waste facility. At BLM's request,
EPA agreed to serve as lead agency in preparing the
EIS on the proposed land transfer. This EIS addresses
concerns related to selection of a facility site. Impacts
related specifically to the design and operation of the
facility itself would be addressed through future per-
mits issued by EPA and the Arizona Department of
Health Services. The final EIS addresses comments
on the Draft EIS by presenting additional discussion of
several major environmental issues. It also assesses
the impacts of a representative 'high technology' facili-
ty, which uses a high temperature incinerator to dis-
pose of PCB wastes and other incincerable hazardous
wastes.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-final,
'Arizona, 'Hazardous materials, Sites, Incinerators,
Solid waste disposal, Chlorine organic compounds,
Assessments, 'Waste management, Polychlorinated
biphenyls.
PB84-171644/HSU	PC A99/MF E03
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, Office
of Research and Development.
Acidic Deposition Phenomenon and Its Effects:
Critical Assessment Review Papers. Volume 1. At-
mospheric Sciences (Review Draft),
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
A. P. Altshuller, R. A. Lindhorst, J. S. Nader, L. E.
Niemeyer, and W. W. McFee. May 83, 781 p* EPA-
600/8-83-016aA
See also PB84-171651.
This two-volume report, designed to address the
present status of knowledge about the acidic deposi-
tion and its effects was requested by the Clean Air Sci-
entific Advisory Committee (CASCA) of EPA's Science
Advisory Board. Volume 1 addresses atmospheric
processes starting with emissions from natural and
anthropogenic sources and leading up to the presence
of acidic and acidifying substances in the atmosphere
and concluding with the deposition of these sub-
stances to the surfaces of manmade and natural re-
ceptors.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Environmental surveys,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Assessments, Reviews,
Soils, Vegetation, Water pollution, Public health,
Trends, Chlorine organic compounds, Hydrogen per-
oxide, Ozone, Acidity, Transport properties, Chemical
reactions,	Nitrogen	oxides,
Concentration(Composition), Nitrogen inorganic com-
pounds, Storms, *Acid rain, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), 'Air pollution effects(Plants), 'Air
pollution effects(Materials), Monitoring, Biological
processes, Natural emissions, Dry deposition, Ecosys-
tems, Atmospheric chemistry, Wet methods.
PB84-171651/HSU	PC A99/MF E03
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Acidic Deposition Phenomenon and Its Effects:
Critical Assessment Review Pspers. Volume 2. Ef-
fects Sciences (Review Draft),
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
A. P. Altshuller, R. A. Lindhorst, J. S. Nader, L. E.
Niemeyer, and W. W. McFee. May 83,690p* EPA-
600/8-83-016bA
See also PB84-171644.
This two-volume report, designed to address the
present status of knowledge about the acidic deposi-
tion and its effects was requested by the Clean Air Sci-
entific Advisory Committee (CASCA) of EPA's Science
Advisory Board. Volume II studies the effects of acidic
deposition on the natural and managed environments,
addresses the logic behind the wide-spread public
concern about acidic deposition and presents reasons
which support or negate those concerns. Special at-
tention is given to quantitative information on the mag-
nitude and extent of effects where possible. A lack of
quantitative cause and effect data, in itself, defines the
state of knowledge in many of the research areas.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Environmental surveys,
Precipitatlon(Meteorology), Assessments, Reviews,
Soils, Vegetation, Water pollution, Public health,
Trends, Chlorine organic compounds. Hydrogen per-
oxide, Ozone, Acidity, Transport properties, Chemical
reactions,	Nitrogen	oxides,
Concentration(Composition), Nitrogen inorganic com-
pounds, Storms, 'Acid rain, Monitoring, Biological
processes, Natural emissions, Dry deposition, Ecosys-
tems, Atmospheric chemistry, Wet methods.
PB84-171677/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS),
Red Dog Mine Protect, Northwest Alaska.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Feb 84, 357p EPA-910/9-83-111
See also PB84-171685. Prepared in cooperation with
Department of the Interior, Anchorage, AK. and Corps
of Engineers, Anchorage, AK.
The actions to be considered are the approvals of per-
mits for the proposed Red Dog Mine Project in north-
western Alaska. A transportation corridor would be
constructed from the mine to a port site on the Chukchi
Sea/ Three action alternatives and a No Action Alter-
native are discussed. Impacts of the proposed project
are described as they relate to vegetations and wet-
lands, wildlife, water quality, fisher resources, physical
and chemical oceanography, air quality, visual re-
sources, cultural resources, subsistence, socioecono-
mics, recreation, technical complexity, cost and Cape
Krusenstern National Monument.
Keywords: "Construction, 'Open pit mining, 'Environ-
mental impact statement-draft, Land use, Private law,
Transportation, Vegetation, Wildlife, Water pollution,
Fisheries, Oceanographic data, Chukchi Sea, Alaska,
'Red Dog Mine, Wetlands.
PB84-171685/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Draft Environmental Impact Statement, Red Dog
Mine Project, Northwest Alaska. Volume 2. Appen-
dices.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Feb 84,255p EPA-910/9-83-111A
See also PB84-171677. Prepared in cooperation with
Department of the Interior, Anchorage, AK.
Contents:
Reclamation Plan, Spill, prevention, control and
countermeasure plan, Endangered species
biological assessment, NPDES draft permit,
Department of the Army public notice and
section 404(b)(1) evaluation, ANILCA title XI
right-of-way application, Cultural resources
protection.
Keywords: "Construction, "Open pit mining, 'Environ-
mental impact statements-draft, Licenses, Environ-
mental impacts, Water pollution, Aquatic biology,
Marine biology, Land reclamation, Esthetics, Solid
waste disposal, Tailings, Reservoirs, Transportation,
Water transportation, Alaska, Right of way acquisition,
'Red Dog Mine, Endangered species, Spills.
PB84-171701/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Changes In Terrestrial Ecology Related to a Coal-
Fired Power Plant: Wisconsin Power Plant Impact
Study,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Inst, for Environmental
Studies.
D. E. Willard, W. W. Jones, and J. Benforado. Mar 84,
111 p EPA-600/3-84-051
Grant EPA-R-803971
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Power and
Light Co., Madison., Wisconsin Public Service Corp.,
Madison., and Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources,
Madison.
This report summarizes the effects of a coal-fired
power plant on terrestrial plants and animals. Re-
search was conducted from 1971 through 1977 at the
Columbia Generating Station in the eastern flood-plain
of the Wisconsin River in south-central Wisconsin. Ini-
tial studies were largely descriptive, involving develop-
ment of species lists and documentation of habitats.
Mapping plant communities documented extensive
changes, most notably heavy losses of sedge meadow
habitats and increases in open water. Impacts on plant
communities caused concomitant changes in animal
communities. Bird populations were analyzed through
observations in a sampling system consisting of five
permanent transects, each having 17 or 18 stations
and representing the entire range of plant communi-
ties. Drift fence-pitfall trapping was used to obtain in-
formation on presence and abundance of species, mi-
gration routes and seasonal use of different habitats,
and occurrence of rare and endangered species.
Keywords: 'Wildlife, "Ecology, 'Electric power plants,
Birds, Plants(Botany), Populations, Abundance, Wis-
consin, Distribution(Property), Describing, 'Habitats,
Fossil-fuel power plants, Coal fired power plants, Spe-
cies diversity, Listings.
PB84-171743/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA. Technolo-
gy Development and Applications Branch.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Air Land Water Analysis System (ALEAS): A Multi-
Media Model for Toxic Substances. Final rept. Jul
80-Aug 83,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
W. A. Tucker, A. Q. Eschenroeder, and G. C. Magil.
Mar 84, 460p EPA-600/3-84-052
Contract EPA-68-03-2898
The Air Land Water Analysis System (ALWAS) is a
multi-media environmental model for describing the at-
mospheric dispersion of toxicants, the surface runoff
of deposited toxicants, and the subsequent fate of
these materials in surface water bodies. ALWAS di-
picts the spatial and temporal distribution of contami-
nant concentrations in a watershed and the air above
it. Linked in ALWAS are three submodels that provide
for independent and partially coupled usage modes-
Dispersion and Deposition of Toxics (DiDOT); a modifi-
cation, called NPSDEP, of the Nonpoint Source Model;
and Exposure Analysis Modeling System (EXAMS).
ALWAS is appropriate for evaluating multi-media water
quality problems for watersheds as large as 10,000 sq
km. The full range of ALWAS capabilities may be exer-
cised for hydrophobic organic chemicals of relatively
low vapor pressure. By careful selection and linkage of
the submodels, ALWAS may be applied to investigate
the environmental behavior of a broad range of toxi-
cants including highly soluble or volatile organics and
heavy metals. The report incorporates detailed soft-
ware documentation and a users manual. The sensitiv-
ity of model results to uncertainties in key input param-
eters is investigated for a hypothetical simulation of
benzo(a)pyrene behavior in a small watershed.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Mathematical
models, Air pollution, Water pollution, Surface waters,
Concentration(Composition), Watersheds, Surface
water runoff, Water quality, Organic compounds, Com-
puter programming, Fortran, Metals, "Toxic sub-
stances, "Path of pollutants. Point sources, Benzopyr-
enes, Atmospheric dispersion, Heavy metals, Volatile
organic compounds, User manuals(Computer pro-
grams), Dry deposition.
PB84-172097/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
New Audit Method for EPA (Environmental Pro-
tection Agency) Reference Method 6. Final rept.,
ResearchTriangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. K. M. Jayanty. Mar 84, 45p EPA-600/4-84-025
Contract EPA-68-02-3767
A simple, inexpensive, accurate method for evaluating
and/or auditing sampling and analytical phases of the
EPA Source Reference Method 6 was developed. The
method uses a known amount of a chemical com-
pound in the form of a tablet or pill (or placed in a cap-
sule) to generate sulfur dioxide (S02) quantitatively by
reaction with an acid. The between-laboratory results
obtained showed close agreement with the expected
concentrations, based on calculations from the stoichi-
ometric reaction.
Keywords: "Auditing, "Gas analysis, "Air pollution,
"Sulfur dioxide, Sampling, "EPA method 6, "Air pollu-
tion detection, "Air pollution sampling, Stationary
sources.
PB84-172105/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Literature Review on Occurrence and Methodolo-
gy for Determination of Nickel, Chromium, Manga-
nese, and Arsenic Species in Air. Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
R M. Riggin, E. J. Mezey, and W. M. Henry. Mar 84,
56p EPA-600/4-B4-026
Contract EPA-68-02-3745
A critical literature review of the state of the art for spe-
ciation of arsenic, chromium, manganese, and nickel in
atmospheric samples was performed. Techniques for
distinguishing the compound forms and valence states
of these metals were critically assessed. Advantages
and limitations of the various speciation approaches
were addressed. Three basic types of speciation pro-
cedures were identified: (a) direct analysis of particu-
late matter, (b) speciation of inorganic compounds
after dissolution, and (c) sequential or selective extrac-
tion. Direct analysis techniques offer the possibility of
determining specific compounds but are limited in sen-
sitivity. The latter two techniques cannot determine
specific inorganic compounds because of the inclusion
110 Vol. 90, No. 24
of a dissolution step. However, such techniques may
give useful information and are more generally applica-
ble than direct analysis techniques. In a few cases
(e.g., arsine), compounds may exist in the gas phase
and can therefore be readily distinguished from other
compound forms of the element.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, "Air pollution, Arsenic,
Chemical analysis. Chromium, Manganese, Nickel,
Particles, Reviews, Extraction, Metals, "Air pollution
detection, State of the art.
PB84-172337	Not available NTIS
Behavioral and Autonomic Thermoregulation in
Mice Exposed to Microwave Radiation. Journal ar-
ticle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. J. Gordon. 1983, 9p EPA-600/J-83-179
Pub. in Jnl. of Applied Physiology 55, n4 p1242-1248
1983.
Preferred ambient temperature (T) and breathing rate
were measured in free-moving mice exposed to 2,450-
MHz microwaves. A waveguide-exposure system was
imposed with a longitudinal temperature gradient that
permitted mice to select their preferred T. Breathing
rate was determined by analyzing the rhythmic shifts in
microwave energy not absorbed by the animal. With-
out microwave exposure mice selected an average T
of 31 C. This preferred T did not change until the spe-
cific absorption rate (SAR) at 2,450 MHz exceeded ap-
proximately 7.0 W. per kg. Mice maintained their
breathing rate near base-line levels by selecting a
cooler T during microwave exposure. In contrast, mice
maintained at 31 C underwent a sharp increase in
breathing rate when SAR exceeded approximately 7.0
W. per kg. Mice exposed to microwaves in a wave-
guide with a temperature gradient increased breathing
rate 0.6 breaths/min per unit increase in SAR, where-
as without the temperature gradient breathing rate in-
creased by 9.6 breaths/min per unit increase in SAR.
Data from this study support previous studies that
have shown behavioral thermoregulation is more ef-
fective (or efficient) in minimizing a thermal load than
autonomic thermoregulation.
Keywords: "Thermoregulation, "Microwaves, "Radi-
ation effects, Mice, Laboratory animals, Behavior, Re-
prints.
PB84-172378	Not available NTIS
Analysis of Water Supply Costs in the Washing-
ton (D.C.) Area. Journal article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
R. M. Clark, J.I. Gillean, and J. A. Goodrich. c1982,
14p EPA-600/J-82-235
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association, v74 n7
p346-357 1982.
The crucial issue of assuring an adequate potable
water supply to the Washington, D C., Metropolitan
Area (WMA) has been a subject of intense debate for
at least 20 years and of concern for many more. In-
creased reliance on the Potomac River, which is sub-
ject to extreme fluctuations in flow, prompted this
study of the most cost-effective ways to ensure an ex-
tension of water supply availability. (Copyright (c)
American Water Works Association 1982.)
Keywords: "Virginia, "Potable water, "Water supply,
"District of Columbia, "Maryland, Potomac River,
Stream flow, Droughts, Cost effectiveness, Availability,
Public opinion, Constraints, Reprints, "Water costs,
Brighton Dam.
PB84-172386	Not available NTIS
Comparative Potency Method for Cancer Risk As-
sessment: Clarification of the Rationale, Theoreti-
cal Basis, and Application to Diesel Particulate
Emissions. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. Lewtas, S. Nesnow, and R. E. Albert. 1983, 7p EPA-
600/J-83-181
Pub. in Risk Analysis, v3 n21983.
The rapid increase in new combustion technologies
and new fuels for automobiles, residential and industri-
al heating, and other energy-related processes poses
a particularly unique problem for both the scientific as-
sessment of risk and the regulatory decision-making
process that may result in the final management of
these risks. These problems arise because the com-
bustion source used to provide our transportation and
energy needs result in the emission of incomplete
combustion products. There is a large scientific data
base that supports the conclusion that all such com-
bustion emissions contain polycyclic organic matter
(POM), including polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
(PNAs) and substituted PNAs. Many of these emis-
sions and individual PNAs produce malignant tumors
in animals and are mutagenic in short-term genetic
toxicology bioassays. Therefore, since all incomplete
combustion emissions are likely to be carcinogenic, a
quantitative estimate of cancer risk from a new com-
bustion technology is difficult to assess without com-
parable estimates of cancer risks from the existing
technologies.
Keywords: "Exhaust emissions, "Toxicology, Assess-
ments, Regulations, Reprints, "Cancer, Health risks,
Diesel engine exhaust, "Air pollution effects(Humans),
Particulates.
PB84-172394	Not available NTIS
Hydrologic Control of Lake Susceptibility to
Acidification. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. M. Eilers, G. E. Glass, K. E. Webster, and J. A.
Rogalla. C1983,11p EPA-600/J-83-156
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Dept. of Natu-
ral Resources, Rhinelander.
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Fish. Aquat. Sci„ v40 p1896-
1904 1983.
Two hundred and seventy-five lakes were sampled in
the summer of 1979 to assess the factors controlling
susceptibility of northcentral Wisconsin lakes to acidifi-
cation. In addition to direct evaluation of means and
ranges of the physical and chemical characteristics, a
cluster analysis was carried out using alkalinity, color,
and chlorophyll a data. Three well-defined clusters
emerged that appeared to be controlled by hydrology:
A - dominated by surface runoff; B - dominated by
groundwater; C - dominated by precipitation. Relation-
ships between morphometric, hydrologic, and terrige-
nous factors that can influence lake water quality and
susceptibility were further examined by discriminant
analysis of 18 watershed properties across the three
lake clusters. Hydrologic factors were most important
in differentiating the low alkalinity and high alkalinity
lakes.
Keywords: "Acidification, "Pollution, 'Lakes. Evalua-
tion, Precipitation(Chemistry), Alkalinity, Color, Chloro-
phylls, Surface water runoff, Ground water, Cluster
sampling, Hydrology, Wisconsin, Reprints, "Acid pre-
cipitation.
PB84-172402	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Capillary GC/FT-IR. Journal article,
California Univ., Riverside. Dept. of Chemistry.
P. R. Griffiths, J. A. de Haseth, and L. V. Azarraga.
C1983,14p EPA-600/J-83-157
Grant EPA-R-810430
Prepared in cooperation with Georgia Univ., Athens.
Dept. of Chemistry.
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v55 n13 p1361A-1387A
1983.
Chemists have recognized the need for an instrumen-
tal technique that would yield complementary informa-
tion to mass spectrometry in the analysis of complex
mixtures. The development and application of gas
chromatography/Fourier transform infrared spectrom-
etry (GC/FTIR) is reviewed with emphasis on the fac-
tors affecting the performance of the capillary GC/
FTIR interface. The present state of the art, particularly
as it relates to the analysis of samples extracted from
water and other environmental media, is described.
The discussion covers chromatographic and optical
considerations, chromatogram reconstruction, spec-
trum computation, and spectral searching. Achieve-
ment of the first subnanogram GC/FTIR spectrum is
expected to occur in 1983 or 1984.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, 'Laboratory equip-
ment, "Gas chromatography, Infrared spectroscopy
Performance evaluation, Design criteria. Sampling, En-
vironmental surveys. Reprints, 'Fourier transform
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB84-172410	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Non-autonomous Logistic Equations as Models of
Populations in a Deteriorating Environment. Jour-
nal article,
Tennessee Univ., Knoxville.
T. G. Hallam, and C. E. Clark, c 1981, 11 p EPA-600/J-
81-682
Grant EPA-R-806726
Pub. in Jnl. of Theoretical Biology, v93 n2 p303-311,
1981.
The non-autonomous logistic equation is studied
under conditions that include an environment which is
completely deteriorating. A re-interpretation of the pa-
rameters of the logistic equation leads to an alternative
logistic formulation. A biological interpretation of the
parameters is presented and this equation is com-
pared with the classical logistic model in the case
where the parameters are constant. In general, the al-
ternative formulation seems to be the more reasona-
ble model in situations where perturbations lead to
severe decreases in environmental quality and growth
rates.
Keywords: "Population growth, 'Mathematical
models, Biostatistics, Ecology, Reprints, Environmen-
tal effects.
PB84-172428	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Community Matrix in Three Species Community
Models. Journal article,
Tennessee Univ., Knoxville. Dept. of Mathematics.
C. E. Clark, and T. G. Hallam. c1982,10p EPA-600/J-
82-423
Grant EPA-R-806726
Pub. in Jnl. of Mathematical Biology, 16 n1 p25-31,
1982.
The explicit function of the community matrix of a three
dimensional Lotka-Volterra model is delineated by a
set of necessary and sufficient conditions for a positive
equilibrium to be asymptotically stable. In the special
case that the community matrix is quasi weakly diago-
nally dominant, it is shown that a positive determinant
for the community matrix is not only necessary but is
also sufficient for stability. The results are specific to
three dimensional models and do not extend to com-
munities of dimension greater than three. (Copyright
(c) Springer-Verlag 1982.)
Keywords: 'Biomathematics, Mathematical models,
Matrices(Mathematics), Stability, Theorems, Ecology,
Lotka-Volterra model, Asymptotic stability, Three di-
mensional.
PB84-172436/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Application of an Ozone Disinfection Model for
Municipal Wastewater Effluents. Journal article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
M. C. Meckes, A. D. Venosa, and J. W. Evans. 1982,
7p EPA-600/J-82-111
Pub. in Jnl. WPCF, v55 n9 p1158-1162 1983. Prepared
in cooperation with Forest Service, Madison, Wl.
The objective of this study was to determine how
broadly applicable an empirical mathematical model,
developed previously, would be in predicting final efflu-
ent coliform numbers as a function of ozone trans-
ferred and the effluent demand, A prediction equation
was tested on six effluents from wastewater treatment
plants in greater Cincinnati. Results indicated that the
empirical model predicted with reasonable accuracy
the total coliform density in four of the six plant ef-
fluents.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Sewage treatment, 'Municipali-
ties, Disinfection, Mathematical models, Coliform bac-
teria, Density(Mass/volume), Ozonization, Dosage, In-
dustrial wastes, Design, Ohio, Reprints,
Cincinnati(Ohio).
PB84-172444	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Acuta Toxicity of Ammonia to Rainbow Trout.
Journal article,
Montana Stale Univ., Bozeman. Fisheries Bioassay
Lab.
R. V. Thurston, and R. C. Russo. c1983,11p EPA-600/
J-83-155
Grant EPA-R-803950
Pub. in Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
112, p696-704 1983.
The acute toxicity of ammonia to hatchery-reared rain-
bow trout Salmo gairdneri was measured in 86 flow-
through tests, 96 hours to 35 days long. Fish ranged in
age from 1-day-old fry (<0.1 g) to 4-year-old adults
(2.6 kg). The 96-hour median lethal concentrations
(96-hour LC50) ranged from 0.16 to 1.1 mg/l union-
ized ammonia (11 to 48 mg/l total ammonia-nitrogen).
Susceptibility to ammonia decreased as the fish devel-
oped from sac fry to juveniles, and increased thereaf-
ter. Acute toxicity decreased as temperature increased
over the range 12 to 19C. No significant differences in
toxicity were observed in tests with different ammoni-
um salts. The LC50 values obtained for 12- and 35-day
tests were not appreciably different from those for
tests of shorter time periods.
Keywords: "Ammonia, "Toxicology, Fishes, Reprints,
Rainbow trout, "Salmo gairdneri, "Water
pollution(Animals).
PB84-172451	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Acute Toxicity of Ammonia to Fathead Minnows.
Journal article,
Montana State Univ., Bozeman. Fisheries Bioassay
Lab.
R. V. Thurston, R. C. Russo, and G. R. Phillips. c1983,
10p EPA-600/J-83-154
Grant EPA-R-803950
Pub. in Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
112, p705-711 1983.
The acute toxicity of ammonia to fathead minnows Pi-
mephales promelas was measured in 35, 96-hour,
flow-through tests. The fish were from both wild and
hatchery-reared stocks, and ranged in size from 0.1 to
2.3 g. The 96-hour median lethal concentrations
(LC50) ranged from 0.75 to 3.4 mg/l un-ionized ammo-
nia (34 to 108 mg/l total ammonia-nitrogen). The toxic-
ity of ammonia decreased as temperature increased
over the range 12 to 22 C. There was no significant re-
lationship between ammonia toxicity and dissolved
oxygen concentration, over the range of the latter from
3 to 9 mg/l. Toxicity was not related to the size or the
source of test fish. (Copyright (c) American Fisheries
Society 1983.)
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Minnows, "Water pollution, Am-
monia, Concentration(Composition), Mortality, Dis-
solved gases, Oxygen, Tests, Size determination, Cor-
relation, Sources, Reprints, 'Pimephales promelas.
PB84-172469/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Instrumentation, Recording, and Processing of
Meteorological Data Near Portage, Wisconsin:
Wisconsin Power Plant Impact Study,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Dept. of Meteorology.
C. R. Stearns, P. Falconer, G. Weidner, B. Bowen, and
L, Dzamba. Mar 84,161p EPA-600/3-84-053
Grant EPA-R-803971
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Power and
Light Co., Madison., Wisconsin Public Service Com-
mission, Madison., and Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Re-
sources, Madison.
As part of the Columbia Power Plant Impact Study me-
teorological data were collected at a network of moni-
toring sites from 1972 through 1977. The data were
the basis for a series of studies whose purpose was to
elucidate the transport of airborne pollutants and to
assess the climatic impact of the power plant. In a pilot
diffusion climatology survey, local wind structure was
interpreted in the context of synoptic weather patterns.
A significant new low wind statistic was introduced. A
case study traced the movement of an elevated level
of ozone from the Southern Plains across the Midwest
to the East Coast. It showed that long distance trans-
port is necessary for elevated 03 levels to occur in
most parts of the U.S. The horizontal variation of the
wind field is an important factor in the transport of at-
mospheric pollutants frow 10 to 100 km. The wind field
was shown to be organized as a function of wind direc-
tion and wind speed around the Baraboo Hills. Two
models for estimating concentrations of S02 at ground
level were compared. Both used the Gaussian plume
equation: one estimated the required dispersion coeffi-
cients from the Hino stability model; the other was
based on data for horizontal and vertical hourly wind
direction range. Overall, the climatic effects of the
power plant and cooling pond appear small. Fogging,
condensation, and riming may occur downwind on sev-
eral days each year. Temperature increases of about
1C may also be observed for a short distance down-
wind.
Keywords: "Electric power plants, "Meteorological
data, "Air pollution, Wisconsin, Transport properties.
Sulfur dioxide, Ozone, Diffusion, Wind(Meteorology),
Environment impacts, Mathematical models, "Air pol-
lution sampling, Cooling ponds, Portage(Wisconsin),
Gaussian plume models.
PB84-173129	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Fly Ash-Induced Changes In Hamster Tracheal
Epithelium In vivo and In vitro. Journal article,
IIT Research Inst., Chicago, IL.
L. J. Schiff, M. M. Byrne, and J. A. Graham. c1981,21p
EPA-600/J-81 -053
Errata sheet inserted.
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health 8,
p431-448 1981.
The effects of fly ash from a coal-fired power plant on
tracheal epitheliun of CrRGH (SYR) Syrian golden
hamsters were studied in organ cultures and after in
vivo exposures. The tracheal epithelium of animals re-
ceiving 5-9 daily (5 d/wk) 3-h exposures to 2 mg fly ash
per cubic meter showed large areas of basal cell hy-
perplasia and stratification. Surface alterations charac-
teristic of stratified metaplasia were observed. The
most characteristic findings in surface cells were broad
metaplastic areas with keratin formation.
Keywords: 'Fly ash, 'Toxicology, Epithelium,
Skin(Anatomy), Hamsters, Reprints, "Air pollution
effects(Animals).
PB84-173137	Not available NTIS
Influence of Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide on He-
patic Microsomal Enzymes In Mice. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. A. Graham, F. J. Miller, D. E. Gardner, R. Ward, and
D. B. Menzel. C1982,10p EPA-600/J-81-310
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health 9,
p849-8561982. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop
Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC., and Duke
Univ., Durham, NC.
Since ambient concentrations of ozone and nitrogen
dioxide increase drug-induced sleeping time in female
mice, potential mechanisms were sought by investigat-
ing the effects of these gases on hepatic microsomal
mixed-function oxidases in female CD-1 mice. Expo-
sure to ozone did not change the concentration of cy-
tochrome P-450 significantly. Aniline hydroxylase, but
not aminopyrine N-demethylase or p-nitroanisole 0-
demethylase, activities were increased following expo-
sure. Aniline hydroxylase activity was also increased
after exposure. In these studies, ozone sometimes in-
creased wet liver weight, and thus additional experi-
ments were conducted. Exposure to ozone caused a
lesser decrease in body weight than the decrease ob-
served after a similar air exposure. Liver wet weights
were elevated after ozone exposure. From these data,
it is concluded that mechanisms other than those in-
vestigated are responsible for the effect of ozone and
nitrogen dioxide on drug-induced sleeping time.
Keywords: "Ozone, 'Nitrogen dioxide, 'Enzymes,
'Toxicology, Mice, Laboratory animals, Microsomes,
Reprints.
PB84-173145	Not available NTIS
Observations of Syrian Hamster Fetuses After Ex-
posure to 2450-MHz Microwaves. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
E. Berman, H. B. Carter, and D. House. c1982,8p EPA-
600/J-82-002
Pub. in Jnl. of Microwave Power 17, n2 p107-112
1982.
The teratogenic potential of microwaves was exam-
ined in a rodent species, the Syrian hamster. Exposure
of hamsters to 2450-MHz CW microwaves at a power
denisty of 20 mW/sq. cm. for 100 minutes daily on
days 6-14 of gestation caused no significant change in
fetal survival, body weight, skeletal maturity, or inci-
dence of terata. Thirty mW/sq. m. caused significantly
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
increased fetal resorptions, decreased fetal body
weight, and decreased skeletal maturity.
Keywords: 'Microwaves, 'Radiation effects, Ham-
sters, Fetuses, Exposure, Reprints, "Teratogenesis.
PB84-173152	Not available NTIS
Oxygen Consumption Measured with Microcom-
puter-Assisted Warburg Manometry. Journal arti-
cle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
T. A. Johnson, R. R. Mercer, P. C. Taylor, J. A.
Graham, and J. J. O'Neil. c1982,5p EPA-600/J-82-
022
Pub. in Automated Warburg Hamometry, p1634-1637
1982.
The authors have developed and tested an automated
system that measures in vitro oxygen consumption by
Warburg manometry in as many as 16 units that are
under the simultaneous control of a microcomputer
which requires attention at the beginning of the study
only. The all-glass Submarine Volumometers used are
readily adapted to automation using a microcomputer
that interacts with an infrared photodetector sensitive
to manometric changes in the reaction vessel and a
stepper motor that can advance the calibrated mi-
crometer in response to these changes. The micro-
computer interacts with the user at the start of the
study during data entry and subsequently determines
volume changes related to oxygen consumption, cal-
culates respiration rates, and prints or graphs the re-
sults without further user interaction.
Keywords: "Oxygen consumption, "Manometry, In
vitro analysis, Automation, Reprints, Warburg, Micro-
computers.
PB84-173160	Not available NTIS
Testicular Effects of Dinoseb in Rats. Journal arti-
cle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. E. Linder,T. M. Scotti, D.J. Svendsgaard, W.K.
McElroy, and A. Curley. 1982,13p EPA-600/J-81-166
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 11, p475-405 1982.
Diets containing the herbicide dinoseb were fed to
adult male Sherman rats for 11 weeks. One-half the
survivors were killed for terminal studies during the
11th week and the remainder bred to untreated fe-
males during posttreatment, and then killed for termi-
nal studies. Interim sacrifices were made in groups fed
0 and 300 ppm. In rats fed 300 ppm, differential classi-
fication of spermatozoa from the cauda epididymis in-
dicated 90% of the cells were atypical by 20 days of
treatment. By 30 days, bizarre and amorphous forms
were observed and epidiymal sperm counts were de-
creased. Histologic changes in the testes included ab-
normal spermatozoa and spermatids and multinucleat-
ed spermatogenic cells at 20 and 30 days and severe
damage to spermatogenic cells by 50 days.
Keywords:	"Toxicology,	"Herbicides,
Ingestion(Biology), Rats, Laboratory animals, Histolo-
gy, Reproductive(System), Sperm, Reprints, "Dinoseb,
PB84-173178	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Aminoacyl Fucosides as Possible Biochemical
Markers of Tumorigenic and Metastatic Potential
in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2-Transformed Rat
Cells. Journal article,
Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem,
NC.
R A Respess, I. Edwards, L. S. Kucera, and M. Waite.
c1981,8p EPA-600/J-81-154
Grant EPA-R-807073
Pub. in Jnl. of Cancer Research, 41 p3507-3511 Sep
81.
Two classes of aminoacyl fucosides termed F13 and
F14 were studied as possible markers of tumorigenic
and metastatic potential in herpes simplex virus type 2
transformed rat cells. In the present study, clonal celt
lines of transformed highly tumorigenic and metastatic
(t-REF-G-2.1), nontumorigenic (t-REF-G-2.0) and sec-
ondary nontransformed rat embryo fibro-blast cells
were labeled with (H) fucose, and cell extracts were
analyzed for ratio of radioactivity incorporated into FL3
112 Vol. 90, No. 24
and FL4. Results indicated that, in extracts from t-
REF-G-2.0 and nontransformed rat embryo fibroblast
cells, the ratios of FL4/FL3 were 5.78 and 5.71, re-
spectively. In contrast, t-REF-G-2.1 cells exhibited a
FL4/FL3 ratio of 1.45, while t-REF-G-1.1 cells exhibit-
ed a FL4/FL3 ratio of 0.74. In subclonal cell lines iso-
lated from TPA-treated and mock-treated t-REF-G-2.1
cells, the FL4/FL3 ratios correlated with the tumori-
genic and metastatic potential of these subclones in
newborn syngeneic White Buffalo rats. These data
suggested that alterations in fucoselabeled compo-
nents can be used to predict the tumorigenic and
metastatic potential of herpes simplex virus type 2-
transformed rat cells.
Keywords: Rats, Cells(Biology), Reprints, "Herpes-
virus hominis, "Markers, "Aminoacyl fucosides.
PB84-173186	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
'Mycoplasma pneumoniae' Infection: Role of a
Surface Protein in the Attachment Organelle. Jour-
nal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
P. C. Hu, R. M. Cole, Y. S. Huang, J. A. Graham, and D.
E. Gardner. c1982,4p EPA-600/J-82-139
Prepared in cooperation with National Inst, of Allergy
and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD.
Pub. in Science, v216 p313-315,16 Apr 82.
Attachment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae to host cells
by means of a specialized terminus initiates infection.
Monoclonal antibodies to a surface protein (PI) inhibit
this process, and react with a region of the tip covered
with peplomer-like particles. Since antibodies against
the PI protein are generated by natural and experimen-
tal infection and by immunization, the substance may
be an important determinant of protective immunity.
Keywords: 'Infectious diseases, 'Proteins, Antibodies,
Reprints, 'Mycoplasma pneumoniae, 'Host cells.
PB84-173541	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Cellular Toxicity in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell
Cultures. 1. Analysis of Cytotoxicity Endpoints for
Twenty-Nine Priority Pollutants. Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
N. E. Garrett, and J. Lewtas. c1983,13p EPA-600/J-
83-172
Contract EPA-68-02-2566
Pub. in Environmental Research 32, p455-465 1983,
Chinese hamster ovary cells were exposed to 29 toxic
chemical substances which were representative of
several classes of compounds listed by the Natural
Resources Defense Council Consent Decree as priori-
ty toxic pollutants. After cell cultures were exposed to
the test substance, cell samples were assayed for pro-
tein and DNA synthesis, ATP, cell number, and viabili-
ty. A filter-disk technique employing a batch-washing
procedure was used for the determination of protein
and DNA synthesis. Dose-response data were ob-
tained for 15 of the more toxic agents including chlorin-
ated aromatics, metallic compounds phenols, and pol-
ychlorinated biphenyls. Estimates of the sample con-
centrations necessary to produce a 50% reduction in
response were used to compare cytotoxicity end-
points. ATP and protein synthesis were approximately
equally effective as indicators of cellular toxicity. Cad-
mium chloride, nickel nitrate, arsenic trioxide, and po-
tassium chromate produced a more pronounced effect
on DNA synthesis was a smooth, continuous function
for responses as low as 1 to 2% of the control.
Keywords: "Cell cultures, Hamsters, Exposure, Re-
prints, "Toxic substances, "Cytotoxicity.
PB84-173558	Not available NTIS
Environmental Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Cellular Toxicity in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell
Cultures. 2. A Statistical Appraisal of Sensitivity
with the Rabbit Alveolar Macrophage, Syrian
Hamster Embryo, BALB 3T3 Mouse, and Human
Neonatal Fibroblast Cell Systems. Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
N. E. Garrett, J. A. Campbell, H. F. Stack, M. A.
Jackson, and J. Lewtas. C1983,10p EPA/600/J-893-
173
Pub. in Environmental Research 32, p466-473 1983.
Chinese hamster ovary, rabbit alveolar macrophage,
Syrian Hamster embryo, mouse, and human neonatai
fibroblast cells were employed in a statistical evalua-
tion of the relative sensitivity of the cells to toxic sub-
stances. The cells were exposed to 1,2,4-trichloroben-
zene, 2,4-dimethylphenol, Aroclor 1248, cadmium
chloride, lead sulfate, nickel nitrate, lead oxide-coated
fly ash, and a fine particulate from coal combustion. A
filter-disk technique was used to measure the inhibition
of protein and DNA synthesis. A quantitative ranking of
cell-system sensitivity was determined from compari-
sons of statistically significant differences (P 0.01) in
protein and DNA synthesis expressed as a percentage
of control. An overall ranking of sensitivity showed that
rabbit alveolar macrophages, Syrian hamster embryo
cells, and Chinese hamster ovary cells were more sen-
sitive than another of the five cell systems in 75, 68,
and 62% of the experiments, respectively. The corre-
sponding values for BALB 3T3 mouse and human
neonatal fibroblast cells were 38 and 28%, respective-
ly, under our experimental conditions. Detailed data on
the control cell cultures are also presented.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Cell cultures, Hamsters, Ova-
ries, Mice, Rabbits, Sensitivity, Reprints, 'Cytotoxicity.
PB84-173657/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Durham Urban Runoff Program 1983. Final rept.
May 80-Jun 83,
New Hampshire Water Supply and Pollution Control
Commission, Concord.
P. H, Oakland, P. L, Heirtzler, K. E. Barlow, E. Schmidt,
and L. Eggleston. Jun 83, 319p*
Also pub. as New Hampshire Univ., Durham, rept. no.
SR-136. Sponsored in part by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Water Planning Div.
This project was conducted in 2 phases, an assess-
ment of runoff conditions, and implementation and
evaluation of control measures.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Urban areas, "Water pollution.
New Hampshire, Water pollution control, Sedimenta-
tion, Regional planning, Watersheds, Stream flow,
Rainfall, Sediment transport, Civil engineering, Land
use, Environmental impacts, Standards. Fresh water,
Mathematical models, Storm drains, 'Storm water
runoff, Durham(New Hampshire).
PB84-173685/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Survey of Environmental Regulations Applying to
Geothermal Exploration, Development, and Use.
Final rept.,
WAPORA, Inc., Washington, DC.
G. V. Beeland. Mar 84,251 p* EPA-600/2-84-082
Contract EPA-68-01 -5913
See also PB-281 023.
Federal, State, and local environmental laws and regu-
lations that apply to geothermal energy development
are summarized. Most attention is given to those regu-
lations which deal with air pollution, water pollution,
solid wastes and impact assessments. Analyses are
made of the regulations with respect to resource defi-
nition, pollutants currently not controlled, duplicity and
overlap in permit and impact assessment require-
ments, the lack of uniformity of regulations between
states, and the probable future approaches to the reg-
ulatory problems. This project updates a similar docu-
ment (EPA/600/7-78-014) dated February 1978.
Keywords: "Geothermal prospecting, 'Energy source
development, 'Regulations, Environmental impacts,
Legislation, Air pollution, Noise pollution, Water pollu-
tion, Government policies, National government, State
government, Local government, Solid waste disposal.
Air pollution control, Water pollution control.
PBB4-17378Q/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati
OH.
Evaluation of VOC (Volatile Carbon) Emissions
from Wastewater Systems (Secondary Emis-
sions). Rept. for Mar 81-Jul 83,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
R. D. Cox, J. I. Steimetz, D. L. Lewis, and R. G.
Wetherold. Mar 84.155p EPA-600/2-84-080
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The technical objective of this project was to obtain
data for evaluating volatile carbon (VOC) emissions
from wastewater treatment facilities for the synthetic
organic chemicals manufacturing industry (SOCMI).
VOC emissions data were obtained using the Concen-
tration-Profile technique and were compared to emis-
sion rate data obtained by predictive modeling. Meth-
ods for sampling and analysis of VOC emissions in am-
bient air were evaluated and refined to obtain the nec-
essary data. The comparison of measured and predict-
ed flux rates was performed on data obtained from two
wastewater treatment facilities; one that used forced
aeration and one anaerobic facility. The field sampling
procedure (Concentration-Profile) involved determin-
ing temperature, wind speed and VOC species con-
centrations at six logarithmically spaced heights above
the water surface. VOC species were determined by
collecting time integrated air samples in evacuated
stainless steel canisters and analyzing these by cryo-
genic concentration and high resolution gas chroma-
tography using simultaneous flame ionization and pho-
toionization detection.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Organic compounds,
"Chemical industry, 'Water pollution control, Aeration,
Anaerobic processes, Assessments, Sampling, Field
tests, Gas chromatography, Mass spectroscopy, Sites,
Tables(Data), Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
•Volatile organic compounds, "Air water interfaces, Air
pollution sampling, Air pollution detection.
PB84-173806/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Infiltration and Parmeabllity Teating at Geokine-
tica Oil Shala Site,
Kaman Tempo, Santa Barbara, CA.
E. W. Hoylman, and G. W. Quinn. Mar 84, 37p EPA-
600/7-84-050
Contract EPA-68-03-2449
Infiltration (double-rint) and pressure permeability
(packer) tests were conducted in or near true in-situ oil
shale retorts and at adjacent undisturbed locations to
obtain comparative data to evaluate the potential for
groundwater pollution due to increased fluid migration
resulting from this retorting methodology. Tests were
performed at the Geokinetics oil shale site located in
Section 2, Township 14 South, Range 22 East, Uintah
County, Utah. Test results suggest a slight increase in
surface infiltration rates and hydraulic conductivity in or
near the retort areas. It is expected that this type of
true in-situ retorting will pose very little, if any, threat to
groundwater resources in the area.
Keywords: *Oil shale, "Fluid infiltration, "Water pollu-
tion, Permeability, Pressure, Tests, Groundwater,
Retort furnaces, Surface, Hydraulic conductivity,
Rocks, Mine waters, Solid waste disposal, Kinetics,
Sites, Geochemistry, Lithology, Tables(Data), Vadose
zone.
PB84-174143/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC,
Mineral Mattar and Trace Elements in the Herrtn
and Springfield Coala, Illinois Basin Coal Field.
Final rept. Jun 79-Apr 83,
Illinois State Geological Survey Div., Champaign.
R. D. Harvey, R. A. Cahill, C.-L. Chou, and J. D. Steele.
Mar 84,170p R-1983-4, EPA-600-7-84-036
Contract EPA-R-806654
The report gives results of a study of the variability and
regional distribution of chemical elements and mineral
impurities in Herrin and Springfield coals-the two prin-
cipal coal beds mined in the Illinois Basin Coal Field.
Analytical determinations were made for 67 elements
and related chemical parameters and for 8 mineralogi-
cal components in 102 newly collected samples. The
resulting data were combined with data previously ob-
tained for 128 other samples. The greatest variation of
elemental concentrations in the Herrin coal, found in
benches in vertical sections through the seam, is due
to changes in the mineral composition of the respec-
tive benches. Metals of environmental concern de-
crease in relative variability (standard deviation/mean)
in the following order: Cd, Zn, As, Pb, and Sb. Wasabi-
lity tests confirm that elements associated with the
mineral matter can be more easily removed from the
coal than can organic-associated elements.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Chemical analysis, "Coal,
"Minerals, "Chemical compounds, "Coal preparation,
Illinois Basin, Sampling, Washing, Coal deposits, Sites,
Concentration(Composition), Trace elements, Metals,
Arsenic, Lead(Metal), Zinc, Cadmium, Antimony, "Air
pollution abatement, "Air pollution detection, *Air pol-
lution sampling, Heavy metals, Procedures.
PB84-174150/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Wastewater Recycle and Reuse Potential for Indi-
rect Discharge Textile Finishing Mills. Volume 1.
Technical Report. Final rept. Apr 81-Jun 83,
Sverdrup and Parcel and Associates, Inc., St. Louis,
MO.
J. F. Bergenthal. Mar 84,212p EPA-600/2-84-070A
Contract EPA-68-02-3678
See also PB84-174168.
The report gives detailed information on a variety of
wastewater recycle/reuse technologies that allow tex-
tile finishing mills to reduce the volume of waste-water
and the amount of pollutants discharged to publicly
owned treatment works. (NOTE: Dyebath reconstitu-
tion is described separately.) Many of these technol-
ogies have been demonstrated full-scale, but only a
few have become widely applied in the textile industry.
Technical and economic factors affect the application
of most of these technologies at a given mill; thus,
each must be considered under its own mill-specific
conditions. Included for each described technology
are a description, its environmental benefits, recycle
and treatment system schematics, design criteria,
technical factors that limit or enhance its application,
capital and yearly costs, factors that affect its econom-
ic feasibility, its current applications, and references
for further information. The information in this report is
based on a survey of the literature, discussions with
equipment/process vendors and researchers, and en-
gineering studies at six textile finishing mills. The six
mills provide a good cross-section of the variety of
products, fibers, manufacturing processes, and poten-
tial recycle/reuse technologies encountered in textile
finishing. Volume 2 of the report consists of the six mill
engineering reports.
Keywords: "Textile finishing, "Water pollution control,
Textile industry, Circulation, Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, Feasibility, Technology, Capitalized
costs, Economic analysis, Industrial waste treatment,
"Waste water reuse.
PB84-174168/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Waatewater Recycle and Reuae Potential for Indi-
rect Discharge Textile Finishing Mills. Volume 2.
Six Mill Engineering Reports. Final rept. Apr 81-Jun
83,
Sverdrup and Parcel and Associates, Inc., St. Louis,
MO.
J. F. Bergenthal. Mar 84, 386p EPA-600/2-84-070B
Contract EPA-68-02-3678
See also PB84-174150.
The report gives detailed information on a variety of
wastewater recycle/reuse technologies that allow tex-
tile finishing mills to reduce the volume of wastewater
and the amount of pollutants discharged to publicly
owned treatment works. (NOTE: Dyebath reconstitu-
tion is described separately.) Many of these technol-
ogies have been demonstrated full-scale, but only a
few have become widely applied in the textile industry.
Technical and economic factors affect the application
of most of these technologies at a given mill; thus,
each must be considered under its own mill-specific
conditions. Included for each described technology
are a description, its environmental benefits, recycle
and treatment system schematics, design criteria,
technical factors that limit or enhance its application,
capital and yearly costs, factors that affect its econom-
ic feasibility, its current applications, and references
for further information. The information in this report is
based on a survey of the literature, discussions with
equipment/process vendors and researchers, and en-
gineering studies at six textile finishing mills. The six
mills provide a good cross-section of the variety of
products, fibers, manufacturing processes, and poten-
tial recycle/reuse technologies encountered in textile
finishing. Volume 2 of the report consists of the six mill
engineering reports.
Keywords: "Textile finishing, "Water pollution control,
Technology, Industrial waste treatment, Process chart-
ing, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Econom-
ic analysis, Feasibility, Textile industry, Tables(Data),
Circulation, Dyeing, "Waste water reuse.
PB84-174309/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Effects of Hydrologic Modifications on Aquatic
Biota, Stream Hydrology and Water Quality: A Lit-
erature Review,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
D. A. Crandall, R. C. Mutz, and L. Lautrup. Jan 84, 52p
EPA/WPC/84-001
This report reviews the environmental impacts of hy-
drologic modification projects in the Midwest. Hydro-
logic modification projects include activities such as
stream channelization and relocation. These projects
frequently include construction activities that remove
riparian vegetation, remove in-stream cover, disrupt
riffle-pool sequences, decrease stream sinousity, alter
substrate composition, increase stream velocity and
decrease habitat area. Reviewed articles report im-
pacts on fisheries including reduced population, stand-
ing crop, diversity and altered community structure. Im-
pacts on stream hydrology include increased stream
bank erosion, bed scour, tributary erosion and altered
riffle-pool sequence. Impacts on water quality include
increased suspended sediment, water temperature
and stream length effected by pollutants.
Keywords: "Invertebrates, "Hydrology. "Stream pollu-
tion, "Ecology, "Reviews, Channel improvements. En-
vironmental impacts, Fisheries, Aquatic animals,
Vegetation, Populations, Soil erosion, Embankments,
Suspended sediments, "Species diversity, Riffles,
"Habitats.
PB84-174358	Not available NTIS
Open-Loop Gain of Evaporative Heat Loss during
Radiant Heat Exposure in the Mouse. Journal arti-
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. J. Gordon. 1982, 7p EPA-600/J-81-027
Pub. in American Jnl. of Physiology 242, pR275-R279
1982.
Whole-body evaporative water loss of the mouse
during radiant heating was determined at ambient tem-
peratures of 20-35C. The ratio of evaporated to ab-
sorbed heat per gram body weight, which is equal to
open-loop gain increased over sixfold with each 1C in-
crease in ambient temperature. A previous estimate of
open loop gain for the mouse is similar to the data from
this study at an ambient temperature of 35C. Determin-
ing OLG with natural ambient stimulation may make
future studies in thermoregulation comparable.
Keywords: "Radiant heating, Temperature, Evapora-
tion, Exposure, Mice, Laboratory animals, Reprints.
PB84-1743S6	Not available NTIS
Effects of Chronic Manganese (Mn304) Exposure
on Selected Reproductive Parameters In Rats.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. W. Laskey, G. L. Rehnberg, J. F. Hein, and S. D.
Carter. 1982,13p EPA-600/J-81-328
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health 9,
P677-687 1982.
Long-Evans rats were chronically exposed to dietary
manganese beginning on d 1 of gestation and continu-
ing through 224 d of age. Dietary concentrations of
manganese were 350,1050, and 3500 ppm and were
applied in either normal Fe 240 (ppm) or a low-Fe (20
ppm) basal diet. General toxic effects were apparent in
young animals at a dietary dose of 3500 ppm Mn and
were enhanced by concomitant Fe deficiency. Fertility
was reduced in the group exposed to 3500 ppm Mn
with a diet containing sufficient Fe. Male reproductive
development was delayed by Mn treatment, as meas-
ured by testes weight, sperm count, and serum follicle-
stimulating hormone and testosterone concentrations.
Keywords: "Managanese, "Toxicology, Exposure,
Rats, Laboratory animals, Reproduction(Biology),
Diets, Reprints.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB84-174374	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park.
Humoral Antibody Response to Individual Viral
Proteins After Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection.
Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
M. K. Selgrade, Y. S. Huang, J. A. Graham, C. H.
Huang, and P. C. Hu. C1983,6p EPA-600-83-180
Pub. in Jnl. of Immunology, v131 n6 p3032-3035 1983.
The purpose of this study was to identify viral proteins
that played an important role in the humoral immune
response to murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV). Viral
proteins were separated from a purified virus prepara-
tion on polyacrylamide gels, were blotted onto nitrocel-
lulose strips, and were reacted with antisera collected
from mice on various days post infection. No antibody
response was detected in serum obtained 5 days post
infection, but by 10 days there was a faint response to
five different proteins. Thereafter, the number of pro-
teins eliciting an antibody response, as well as the in-
tensity of the response, increased with time so that by
42 days post infection a response to 13 major antigens
was detected. This method provides a means of sepa-
rating out important immunogens from the more than
30 different MCMV proteins originally identified by po-
lyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Such information
may improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of
MCMV infection as well as host immune responses to
the virus.
Keywords: "Viral diseases, "Proteins, Antibodies, Re-
prints, "Cytomegaloviruses, "Immune response.
PB84-174382/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Holding Time and Temperature on Con-
form Numbers in Drinking Water. Journal version,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
A. E. McDaniels, and R. H. Bordner. 1983, 8p EPA-
600/J-83-153
Natural coliform populations in finished drinking water
samples held at 5 and 22C declined significantly after
24, 30 and 48 h as measured by the membrane filter
(MF) and multiple tube fermentation, most probable
number (MPN) methods. Twelve samples held for 24 h
at 5C and 22C lost 34% and 87% respectively, of the
intial MF count. Initial unacceptable counts ranging
from 31 to 5/100 mL for 5 samples (42%) declined to
acceptable levels of 4 or less/100 mL by 24 h. The
most significant effect on coliform rates of decline
came from holding temperature. The rate of decline
was 4.5 times greater at 22C than at 5C. Regression
analysis indicated that for samples held at 5C the rate
of decline increased with high pH values and in-
creased progressively over time, measured in days
from the start of the study. This study indicated that
samples with initial coliform counts as high as 100/100
mL could have been reported as satisfactory. For the
waters examined, a holding time of 30 h at ambient
laboratory temperature, as currently specified in drink-
ing water regulations, would have resulted in inaccu-
rate and misleading information on the coliform
counts.
Keywords: "Coliform bacteria, 'Bacteria, Tempera-
ture, Reprints, "Drinking water, Citrobacter freundii,
Holding time.
PB84-174390	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Comparative Kinetic Studies of Phosphate-Limit-
ed Growth and Phosphate Uptake In Phytoplank-
ton in Continuous Culture. Journal article,
New York State Dept. of Health, Albany. Div. of Labs.
an(j
I J. Gotham, and G. Y. Rhee. C1981,12p EPA-600/J-
81-681
Grants EPA-R-804689, NSF-DEB75-19519
Pub. in Jnl. of Phycology 17, p257-265 1981.
A comparative kinetic study of phosphate-limited
growth and phosphate uptake was carried out in che-
mostat cultures of Anabaena flos-aquae Lyng. Breb.,
Ankistrodesmus falcatus (Corda) Ralfs, Asterionella
formosa Hass., Fragilaria crotonensis Kitt., and Micro-
cystis sp. Lemm. For each test organism the growth
rate (microns) can be described as a function of total
cell phosphorus (P), i.e. cell quota (q), or hot-water-ex-
tractable P (q sub sp). Phosphate uptake rate in each
species examined was a function of external P con-
centration (S) and intracellular P levels. The substrate
114 Vol. 90, No. 24
parameter for uptake (K sub m) remained constant at
all growth rates, but the apparent maximum uptake
rate (V sub m) increased with decreasing microns, or q,
in all test organisms.
Keywords: "Inorganic phosphates, "Growth, "Phyto-
plankton, "Lakes, Cells(Biology), Phosphorus, Plant
physiology, Availability, Populations, Saginaw Bay,
Lake Huron, Digestion(Biology), Nutrients, Chemical
analysis. Culture media. Least squares method, Re-
gression analysis, Substrates, Reprints, "Anabaena
flos-aqua, Quotas.
PB84-174408	Not available NTIS
Spermotoxicity and Tissue Accumulation of
Chlordecone (Kepone) in Male Rats. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. Under, T. M. Scotti, W. K. McElroy, J. W. Laskey,
and L. F. Strader. C1983,12p EPA-600/J-83-174
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health
12, P183-192, 1983.
Adult male rats were fed diets containing 0, 5,15, and
30 ppm chlordecone for 90 d and then either bred to
untreated females or sacrificed for terminal studies.
Chlordecone residues in liver, fat, and serum were de-
termined in the treated males. Reproductive perform-
ance was unaffected, and no histologic changes in the
male sex organs could be attributed to chlordecone
treatment. Reversible decreases in the motility and vi-
ability of epididymal spermatozoa and decreased
sperm reserves in the cauda epididymidis were ob-
served in rats fed 15 or 30 ppm. No effect on sperm
morphology or on sperm concentration in epididymal
fluid was detected. Chlordecone accumulation in tis-
sues was linearly related to dietary levels, with the
highest chlordecone concentration occurring in the
liver.
Keywords: "Insecticides, "Toxicology, Chlorine organ-
ic compounds, Sperm, Reproduction(Biology), Rats,
Diet, Reprints, Bioaccumulation, "Kepone, "Chlorde-
cone, Pesticide residues.
PB84-174416	Not available NTIS
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Testing and Commercialization of Byproduct Di-
basic Acids as Buffer Additives for Limestone
Flue Gas Desulfurlzation Systems. Journal article,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC. Southeast
Regional Office.
J. C. S. Chang, and J. D. Mobley. C1983,10p EPA-
600/J-83-176
Pub. in Air Pollution Control Association, v33 n10
P955-962 Oct 83.
The paper gives results of pilot plant (0.1 MW) tests
and utility boiler full-scale demonstration (194 MW) of
byproduct organic dibasic acids (DBAs) as buffer addi-
tives to limestone scrubbers: performance improve-
ments were achieved equivalent to those from adding
pure adipic acid. Both S02 removal efficiency and
limestone utilization increased, and no significant op-
erating problems were observed with three of the four
DBAs tested. Chemical and biological evaluations of
scrubber samples taken during the DBA testing indi-
cated no detectable toxicity or mutagenicity, and no
significant environmental impact is expected as a
result of DBA addition. Economic estimates indicate
that substitution of DBAs for pure adipic acid as a
buffer additive will result in additive cost savings of 30
percent or greater. (Copyright (c) 1983 Air Pollution
Control Association.)
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Buffers(Chemistry),
'Dibasic organic acids, Additives, Pilot plants, Flue
gases, Electric power plants. Performance evaluation,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Feasibility,
Sulfur dioxide, Reprints, 'Limestone scrubbing, Flue
gas desulfurization.
PB84-174424	Not available NTIS
Microwaves (2,450 MHz) Suppress Murine Natural
Killer Cell Activity. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. J. Smialowicz, R. R. Rogers, R. J. Garner, M. M.
Riddle, and R. W. Luebke. 1983,13p EPA-600/J-83-
178
Pub. in Bioelectromagnetics 4, p374-381 1983.
The effect of 2,450 MHz CW microwaves on natural
killer (NK) cell activity and lymphocyte responsiveness
to mitogen stimulation was studied in mice. Groups of
mice were irradiated at power densities of 5, 15, or 30
mW/sq. cm. (SAR =3.5, 10.5, and 21 W/kg respec-
tively) for 1.5 h on 2 or 9 consecutive days. NK cell ac-
tivity was determined using an in vitro51 Cr release cy-
totoxicity assay and an in vivo tumor-cell clearance
assay. No consistent change was observed in the mi-
togen response of spleen cells from sham compared
with irradiated mice. A significant suppression of NK
cell activity measured in vitro was observed for mice ir-
radiated at 30 mW/sq. cm., but not at 15 or 5 mW/sq.
cm. A significant suppression of NK cell activity, as de-
termined using the in vivo tumor clearnance assay,
was also observed at 30 mW/sq. cm. NK cell activity]
as determined using the in vivo assay, returned to
normal within 24 h following the last irradiation. Treat-
ment of mice with hydrocortisone caused suppression
of NK cell activity measured in vitro and in vivo.
Keywords: "Microwaves, "Radiation effects, Mice,
Laboratory animals, Lymphocytes, Reprints, Mitogens.
PB84-174432	Not available NTIS
Effect of 2450 MHz Microwave Exposure on Beha-
vioural Thermoregulation in Mice. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. J. Gordon. 1983, 5p EPA-600/J-83-177
Pub. in Jnl. of Thermal Biology, v8 n4 p315-319 1983.
The purpose of this study was to determine the thresh-
old specific absorption rate (SAR) during exposure to
2450 MHz continuous wave (CW) microwaves that af-
fected thermoregulatory behavior in mice. A plexiglas
shuttle box was placed inside a waveguide imposed
with a temperature gradient. The temperature gradient
allowed the mice to select a particular section of the
shuttle box which was, presumably, related to their
state of thermal comfort. Exposing the mice to 2450
MHZ inside the waveguide at SARs of 0-5.3 W kg for 1
hr caused no significant change in their preferred am-
bient temperature. Increasing SAR from 5.3 to 18.1 kg
caused the animals to shift their position to the cooler
end of the shuttle box. Following termination of micro-
wave exposure animals that had selected a cool ambi-
ent temperature returned to the warm side of the shut-
tle box. It is concluded that for mice exposed to radi-
ation at 2450 MHz the thermoregulatory behavior is
significantly affected at SARs of 5.3 to 9.9 W kg.
Keywords: "Microwaves, 'Radiation effects, "Ther-
moregulation, Absorption, Exposure, Mice, Reprints.
PB84-174440	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Effect of P-Cresol on Leaf Decomposition and In-
vertebrate Colonization In Experimental Outdoor
Streams. Journal article,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of Zoology.
R. J. Stout, and W. E. Cooper. c1983,14p EPA-600/J-
83-175
Grant EPA-R-808845
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Fisheries and Aquatic Sci-
ence, v40 p1647-1657 1983.
In 1980, outdoor experimental stream channels at
Monticello, Minnesota were continuously dosed for 24
and later 48 h with 8 mg/l p-cresol, a toxic phenolic by-
product of coal gasification. The dosage, based on lab-
oratory studies by the Environmental Protection
Agency, was expected to stress but not to kill fish and
invertebrates in the channels.
Keywords: "Invertebrates, 'Leaves(Botany), 'Toxicity
'Stream pollution, Cresols, Mortality, Coal gasification'
Stresses, Oxygen, Dissolved gases, Forest trees'
Dosage, Response, Biomass, Abundance, Losses'
Growth, Phenols, Reprints, 'Cresol, Ecosystems, *Po-
pulus deltoides.
PB84-174515	Not available NTIS
Utilization of Trifluorothymidlne (TFT) to Select
for Thymidine Klnase-Deflcient Mutants from
L5178Y/TK Mouse Lymphoma Cells. Journal arti-
cle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianolo
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
M. M. Moore-Brown, D. Clive, B. E. Howard, A. G.
Batson, and K. O. Johnson. 1981,18p EPA-600/J-81-
687
Pub. in Mutation Research 85, p363-378 1981. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Burroughs Wellcome Co.,
Research Triangle Park, NC„ and North Carolina Univ.
at Chapel Hill.
Trifluorothymidine (TFT), a thymidine analog, was ana-
lyzed for its ability to select for thymidine kinase-defi-
cient (TK-/-) mutants. In comparison with BUdR, the
traditional selective agent for TK-/- cells, it was deter-
mined that TFT at 1 /50th the dose (1 micrograms/ml
vs. 50 micrograms/ml) is a more effective and versa-
tile selective agent for TK-/- mutants arising from the
TKt/- 3.7.2C heterozygote of L5178Y mouse lym-
phoma cells. Since TFT acts more rapidly than BUdR,
it can be utilized in procedures (such as the analysis of
the phenotypic lag) requiring the fast arrest of cell divi-
sion. Reconstruction analyses of effective TK-/-
mutant recovery indicate that TFT can be used to re-
cover mutants from significantly higher densities of
Tit/- cells than can BUdR. In addition, TK -/- mutants
can attain larger colony size in TFT than in BUdR
where severe stunting of growth occurs at high TK-/-
cell densities. 190 of 194 isolated TFT-resistant large
and small colony mutants (both spontaneous and in-
duced).
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Mice, Cells(Biology), Reprints,
"Thymidine/trifiuoro, "Mutagenesis.
PB84-174523	Not available NTIS
Estimates of alpha-Pinene Emissions from a Lob-
lolly Pine Forest Using an Atmospheric Diffusion
Model. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
R. R. Arnts, W. B. Petersen, R. L. Seila, and B. W. Gay,
Jr. 1982,13p EPA-600/J-81 -453
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v16 n9 p2127-2137
1982.
The body of information presented in this paper is di-
rected to atmospheric chemists and modelers who are
concerned with assessing the impact of biogenic hy-
drocarbon emissions. A field study was conducted to
determine the emission rate of alpha-pinene from a
loblolly pine forest using a diffusion model. Hydrocar-
bon concentrations were measured both upwind and
downwind of a 2 km X 6 km pine plantation. Wind
speed and direction were measured above the forest
canopy. A tracer, SF6 was released from the forest
and collected downwind. These measurements were
utilized to determine the dispersive characteristics of
the atmosphere. The diffusion model was then used to
calculate the emission of alpha-pinene. Adjustments
were made to account for loss of alpha-pinene due to
reaction with OH and 03. The average flux obtained
was about 12 X 10 to the -6th power g/sq m min.
Keywords: *Air pollution, "Pine trees, 'Forest trees,
'Mathematical models, Sulfur hexafluoride, Atmos-
pheric diffusion, Concentration(Composition), Ozone,
Field tests, Wind velocity, Hydrocarbons, Reprints,
"Natural emissions, "Tracer studies, "Pinene, Hy-
droxyl radical, Gaussian plume models.
PBS4-174531	Not available NTIS
Evaluation of Various Clothing Material* for Pro-
tection and Worker Acceptability during Applica-
tion of Pesticides. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Wenatchee, WA. Wen-
atchee Pesticides Research Branch.
D. C. Staiff, J. E. Davis, and E. R. Stevens. 1982,10p
EPA-600/J-81 -194
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 11,p391-398 1982.
Seven different garment materials were examined for
resistance to penetration by eight commonly used
sprays and one concentrated pesticide formulation.
The lightweight materials were four types of spun-
bounded olefin and a water repellent cellulostic and
were compared to heavy cotton drill and rubberized
cotton. The latter two materials are used for making
coveralls and raingear commonly employed as appli-
cator's protective clothing. Penetration tests were de-
signed to mimic repeated exposure to drifting spray
and exposure to concentrated pesticide formulation
splashed on a worker during preparation of spray.
Keywords: "Protective clothing, "Pesticides, Penetra-
tion, Exposure, Reprints, "Occupational safety and
health.
PB84-174549	Not available NTIS
Analysis of Nltroaromatics in Diesel and Gasoline
Car Emissions. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
S. B. Tejada, R. B. Zweidinger, and J. E. Sigsby, Jr.
1982,13p EPA-600/J-82-428
Pub. in Society of Automobile Engineers, Inc., paper
820775 1982.
A routine on-line reverse phase high performance
liquid chromatography (HPLCJ/HPLC fluorescence
method has been developed that greatly simplifies the
analysis of selected nitroaromatic compounds in com-
plex matrices. Sensitivity of the method is generally in
the low picogram to low nanogram levels. The method
is based on on-column catalytic reduction of the non-
fluorescent nitroaromatic compounds to the corre-
sponding highly fluorescent amine derivatives. Com-
pound selectivity is achieved by chromatographic sep-
aration, use of selective wavelengths for fluorescence
detection, and column switching techniques. The ana-
lytical system conveniently eliminates tedious sample
clean-up. In most cases, only about 25 micrograms of
the crude sample are needed per analysis. For 1 -nitro-
pyrene, a precision of + or - 3% at the one nanogram
level is obtained routinely. Observed 1-nitropyrene
levels typically varied from 15 to 120 ppm in the solu-
ble organic fraction of diesel engine particulate emis-
sions and from 4 to 90 ppm in the case of gasoline
engine emissions.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Gasoline, "Exhaust emis-
sions, "Gas analysis, "Nitro compounds, Aromatic
compounds, Chemical analysis, Fluorescence, Parti-
cles, Reprints, "Automobile exhaust, "Diesel engine
exhaust, 'Air pollution detection, Pyrene/nitro, High
performance liquid chromatography.
PB84-174556	Not available NTIS
Automotive Emissions of Ethylene Dibromlde.
Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J. E. Sigsby, Jr., D. L. Dropkin, R. L. Bradow, and J. M.
Lang. 1982, 22p EPA-600/J-82-427
Pub. in Society of Automobile Engineers, Inc., paper
8207861982.
Ethylene dibromide, a suspected carcinogen, and eth-
ylene dichloride are commonly used in leaded gasoline
as scavengers. Ethylene dibromide emission rates
were determined from seven automobiles which had a
wide range of control devices, ranging from totally un-
controlled to evaporative and catalytic emission con-
trols. The vehicles were operated over a variety of
cycles to simulate the normally encountered range of
driving conditions. Evaporative losses were also meas-
ured. Tailpipe emission rates varied from 0 to 1300 mi-
crograms ethylene dibromide per mile depending upon
the control devices present and the operating cycle.
Evaporative emission of ethylene dibromide ranged
from 0.03 to 0.4 micrograms per mile equivalent. Emis-
sion of other lead-related compounds were sought but
not found. The consequences of using leaded fuels in
vehicles equipped with catalysts was investigated.
Emission rates of ethylene dibromide increased with
usage and appeared to depend on catalyst activity.
Overall emission rates of ethylene dibromide correlat-
ed with hydrocarbon emission rates.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Exhaust emissions, "Gaso-
line, "Fuel additives, Bromine organic compounds,
Urban areas, Catalysts, Reprints, "Ethane dibromo,
Ethylene dibromide, Cancer, Toxic substances.
PB84-174564	Not available NTIS
Trapping Gaseous Hydrocarbons for Mutagenic
Testing. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
F. Stump, R. Bradow, W. Ray, D. Dropkin, and R.
Zweidinger. 1982, 24p EPA-600/J-82-426
Pub. in Society of Automobile Engineers, Inc., paper
820776 1982.
A procedure was developed and verified as a viable
means for collecting hydrocarbons in the diesel fuel
range. The method was then used in a series of diesel
and gasoline powered passenger car studies aimed at
comparing the gas phase with the particle-bound hy-
drocarbon mutagenic activity. The diesel studies
showed that the gas phase activity was less than 11 %
that of the particle-bound with this activity relation de-
pending upon the test cycle. The diesel studies con-
sisted of testing a 1978 Oldsmobile, a 220C Datsun,
and a VW Rabbit. In the gasoline studies a 1972 Chev-
rolet Impala, a 1981 Dodge van, and a 1970 Ford van
were tested. The Impala and Dodge were run on un-
leaded fuel and the Ford on commercially available
leaded. The Dodge van had a light duty catalyst con-
trol system. The gasoline studies showed that the gas-
eous hydrocarbon activity to be at or near background
level. A comparison of the particle-bound activity of the
diesel and gasoline engines indicated the gasoline ac-
tivity, in reverents/mile emissions, to be less than 12%
that of the diesel.
Keywords: 'Hydrocarbons, "Exhaust emissions, "Gas-
oline, "Air pollution, "Mutagens, "Traps, "Samplers,
Particles, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
Laboratory equipment, Comparison, Reprints, "Diesel
engine exhaust, 'Air pollution sampling.
PB84-174572	Not available NTIS
Changing Role of Animal Toxicology In Support of
Regulatory Decisions. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
F. J. Miller, J. A. Graham, and D. E. Gardner. 1983,10p
EPA-600/J-83-184
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v52, p169-
1761983.
The Clean Air Act is the basic U.S. Federal law for con-
trolling air pollution. Under Sections 108 and 109, pri-
mary (health) national ambient air quality standards
(NAAQS) can be set for pollutants which are ubiqui-
tous in the ambient air. The standard-setting process
includes a comprehensive summary of scientific infor-
mation on effects and controls in criteria and control
techniques, and the selection of an appropriate stand-
ard which, in the judgment of the Administrator, pro-
tects the health of normal and susceptible subpopula-
tions with an adequate margin of safety. Determining
the adequacy of existing NAAQS or establishing new
standards requires that the scientific information base
be evaluated to assess pollutant effects on public
health. Improvements in this process can be accom-
plished not only through new health effects research,
but also through improved use of currently available
data. The commonality joining these two efforts is in
the area of extrapolation modeling, which is the topic
of this paper.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Laboratory animals, Decision
making, Regulations, Reprints, "Animal models.
PB84-174580	Not available NTIS
Mutagenicity of Diesel-Exhaust Particle Extract, 1-
Nltropyrene, and 2,7-Dinitrofluorenone In Salmo-
nella typhlmurium under Various Metabolic Acti-
vation Conditions. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Psrk NC
M. Kohan, and L. Claxton. 1983,12p EPA-600/J-83-
183
Pub. in Mutation Research 124, p191-200 1983.
The mutagenic activities of 1-nitropyrene, 2,7-dinitro-
fluorenone, and a diesel-exhaust extract were com-
pared using the Salmonella typhimurium plate-incorpo-
ration assay. Each sample was tested with and without
a 9000 x g liver homogenate (S9), both with and with-
out an NADPH-generating system. The samples were
also treated with the microsome fraction of S9, cytosol
fraction of S9, boiled S9, bovine serum albumin (BSA),
and boiled BSA. Salmonella tester strains TA98 and
TA98FR1 were used in all treatments; TA98/1,8DNP 6
was to test mutagenic activity without activation. With-
out the NADPH-generating system, the samples gen-
erally had less mutagenic activity than samples treated
with the NADPH-generating system. The addition of
the NADPH-generating system resulted in marked in-
creases in mutagenic activity of 1 -NP in the microsome
and S9 treatments, and of all 3 samples in the cytosol
fraction treatment. These results indicate that although
protein binding reduced the mutagenic activity of
diesel-exhaust extract and 1 -NP, microsomal activa-
tion increased the mutagenic activity of 1-NP. Because
1-NP and 2,7-DNF contributed less than 1.5% of the
mutagenic activity of the diesel-exhaust extract, the re-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sponse to diesel exhaust was not typified by these
compounds.
Keywords: "Exhaust emissions, 'Toxicology, Bacteria,
Reprints, * Air pollution effects(Animals), Diesel engine
exhaust, Mutagenesis, Nitropyrene, Ftuorenone/dini-
tro, Salmonella typhimurium.
PB84-174598	Not available NTIS
Boundary Layer Transport of NOx and 03 from
Baltimore, Maryland: A Case Study,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
T. L. Clark, J. F. Clarke, and N. C. Possiel. 1984,18p
EPA-600/D-84-089
On August 14, 1980, a Lagrangian/Eulerian air pollu-
tion sampling mission was conducted near and up to
400 km downwind of Baltimore, Maryland. This mis-
sion was an integral part of the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency's Northeast Regional Oxidant
Study (NEROS). The mission began with the release of
a 6-cu m tetroon from a site 20 km east-northeast of
downtown Baltimore at 1045 LDT. Instrumented air-
craft were directed to the tetroon location at approxi-
mately 3-h intervals to measure the concentrations of
NOx, 03, and other pollutants across approximately
100-km long transects of the urban plume and its envi-
rons at two to three altitudes. Measurements indicated
a well-defined urban plume up to 190 km downwind of
Baltimore with 03 concentrations exceeding 160 ppb.
However, no definite indications of the plume were
found 400 km downwind of Baltimore.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Ozone, 'Air pollution,
"Boundary	layer	flow,	Sites,
Concentration(Composition), Plumes, Urban areas,
'Air pollution sampling, Baltimore(Maryland).
PB84-174606	Not available NTIS
Fitting Statistical Distributions to Air Quality Data
by the Maximum Likelihood Method. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
D. M. Holland, and T. Fitz-Simons. 1982, 8p EPA-600/
J-81-160
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment v16, n5 p1071 -1076.
A computer program has been developed for fitting
statistical distributions to air pollution data using maxi-
mum likelihood estimation. Appropriate uses of this
software are discussed and a grouped data example is
presented. The program fits the following continuous
distributions: normal, three-parameter lognormal,
three-parameter gamma, three-parameter Weibull,
Johnson (S sub B), and four-parameter beta. The pa-
rameters of each distribution are estimated by closed
solutions and the Nelder-Mead Simplex iterative
search. Graphical output contains a plot of the fitted
distribution superimposed upon the histogram of the
data for each model. Six goodness-of-fit criteria are
supplied and ranked by the program to aid in the selec-
tion of the most appropriate choice among the six
models.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Statistical distributions,
Concentration(Composition), Normal density func-
tions, Weibull density functions, Probability theory, Re-
prints, 'Air quality data, Maximum likelihood estima-
tion, Lognormal density functions, Gamma density
functions, Johnson density functions, Beta density
functions, Goodness of fit, MAXFIT computer program.
PB84-174614	Not available NTIS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Simulation of the Transport of Ion-Exchanging
Solutes Using Laboratory-Determined Chemical
Parameter Values. Journal article,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Civil Engi-
neering.
A. J. Valocchi, P. V. Roberts, G. A. Parks, and R. L.
Street. 1981,11p EPA-600/J-81-683
Grant EPA-R-804431
Prepared in cooperation with Stanford Univ., CA.
Pub. in Ground Water, v19 n6, p600-607 Nov-Dec 81.
The practical application of simulation models of the
movement of chemically reacting contaminants re-
quires the evaluation of several chemical parameters
in addition to those basic hydrogeologic and hydrody-
namic parameters required to model conservative con-
stituents. This paper deals with the use of laboratory-
determined chemical parameter values in the simula-
tion of the transport of ion-exchanging solutes gov-
erned by local chemical equilibrium. The transport
model has been applied to a field operation involving
the injection of advanced-treated municipal
wastewater into an alluvial aquifer in the Palo Alto
(California) Baylands region. Basic hydrogeologic pa-
rameters, such as porosity, bulk density, and aquifer
thickness, were determined by analysis of observation
well logs and core samples. Data on the breakthrough
of a conservative tracer at various observation wells
were utilized to determine an approximate velocity field
and the dispersivity values. The chemical parameters
(selectivity coefficients and cation-exchange capacity)
were determined using standard batch experiments
conducted in the laboratory using aquifer core materi-
al. With these parameter values, the model was run to
predict the breakthrough of major cations at the obser-
vation wells. The predicted results agree very closely
with the actual field data. This agreement suggests
that laboratory-determined chemical parameters can
be successfully used in field-scale transport simula-
tions.
Keywords: "Water quality, "Ground water recharge,
'Water pollution, "Ion exchanging, "Chemical equilibri-
um, Transport properties, Aquifers, Field tests, Labora-
tory equipment, Comparison, Solutes, Reprints, Hydro-
geology, Palo Aito(California).
PB84-174622	Not available NTIS
Microbial Respiration and Chemical Speciation In
Metal-Amended Soils. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
B. Lighthart, J. Baham, and V. V. Volk. 1983, 9p EPA-
600/J-83-186
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality, v13 n4 p543-548
1983.
Soil microbial respiration was measured on five soils
after treatment with metal salt additions to evaluate
the effect of metal toxicity. After 45 d incubation at 20
degrees C, most lower level metal treatments had little
effect on soil microbial respiration, whereas the higher
levels sharply inhibited respiration, suggesting a gen-
eral threshold for metal toxicity between the 0.5 and 5
mmol per kg metal.
Keywords: "Microorganisms, "Metals, "Toxicology,
Respiration, Soils. Reprints.
PB84-174630	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Mixing Rates in Shagawa Lake, Minnesota, Sedi-
ments as Determined from 106Ru Profiles. Journal
article,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. School of Oceanogra-
phy.
J. V. Sickle, W. C. Weimer, and D. P. Larsen. c1983,
10p EPA-600/J-83-187
Prepared in cooperation with Battelle Pacific North-
west Labs., Richland, WA.
Pub. in Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v47
p2189-2197 1983.
Rates of surficial sediment mixing and sediment burial
are measured in Shagawa Lake, Minnesota, using radi-
onuclide tracers. Based on (106)Ru profiles in 16
cores, mixing rates average 13 sq cm/yr within the
upper 9 cm of sediment. Two other nuclides (210)Pb
profiles estimate sediment burial rates (about 0.4 cm/
yr). Mixing estimates are shown to be fairly insensitive
both to uncertainties in sediment burial rates and to
temporal patterns of (106)Ru deposition, copyright (c)
Pergamon Press Ltd. 1983.)
Keywords: "Mixing, Sediments, 'Shagawa Lake,
'Water pollution, Phosphorus, Profiles, Ruthenium iso-
topes, Isotopic labeling. Lead isotopes, Cesium 137,
Cesium isotopes, Underwater, Deposition, Minnesota,
Reprints, "Sediment - water interfaces, Ruthenium
106, Tracer studies, Lead 210, Point sources, Eutroph-
ication.
PB84-174648	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Applicability of Microbial Toxicity Assays to As-
sessment Problems. Journal article,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.
J. W. Gillett, M. D. Knittel, E. Jolma, and R. Coulombe.
C1983,10p EPA-600/J-83/185
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry v2
P185-193 1983.
Microbial assays of dissolved oxygen (DO) uptake and
resazurin reduction (RR) assays were compared with
regard to applicability for hazard assessment schemes
and determination of bioactive residues in soil and
biota. The DO method is simpler and less expensive
but is less sensitive and more variable than the RR
method. Both gave highly comparable results with
pure or mixed cultures of microbes. (Copyright (c) 1983
SETAC.)
Keywords: "Bioassay, 'Microorganisms, "Toxicity,
"Oxygen, "Chemical compounds. Assessments, Dis-
solved gases, Pesticides, Residues, Soils,
Plants(Botany), Reprints, "Resazurin reduction.
PB84-17465S	Not available NTIS
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Round Robin Investigation of Methods for the Re-
covery of Pollovirus from Drinking Water. Journal
article,
American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadel-
phia, PA.
J. L. Melnick, R. Safferman, V. C. Rao, S. Goyal, and G
Berg. c1984,8p EPA-600/J-84-006
Pub. in Jnl. of Applied and Environmental Microbiolo-
gy, v47 n1 p144-150 Jan 84.
Six laboratories actively involved in water virology re-
search participated in a methods evaluation study,
conducted under the auspices of the American Society
for Testing and Materials Committee on Viruses in the
Aquatic Environment, Task Force on Drinking Water.
Each participant was asked to examine the Viradel
(virus adsorption-elgtion) method with cartridge-type
Filterite filters for virus adsorption and organic floccu-
lation and aluminum hydroxide-hydroextraction for re-
concentration. Considerable variation was noted in the
quantity of virus recovered from four 100-liter samples
of dechlorinated tapwater seeded with low and high
doses of poliovirus type 1. To have a more uniform
standard of comparison, all the test samples were
reassayed in one laboratory, where titers were also de-
termined for the virus seed.
Keywords: "Polioviruses, "Viruses, "Water pollution.
Reprints, "Drinking water, "Pathogens.
PB84-174863	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
Characteristics of Benzo(a)Pyrene and A-Ring Re-
duced 7,12-Dlmethyl Benz(a)Anthracene Induced
Neoplastic Transformation of Human Cells In
Vivo. Journal article,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept. of Physiological
Chemistry.
R. Tejwani, D. T. Witiak, M. N. Inbasekaran, F. D.
Cazer, and G. E. Milo. 1981,11p EPA-600/J-81-686
Contract F49620-80-C-0085, Grant EPA-R-806638
Sponsored in part by Grant PHS-CA-16058.
Pub. in Cancer Letters, v13 p119-1271981.
The polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)
benzo(a)pyrene (BP) and the A-ring reduced analogue
of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), 1,2,3,4-
tetrahydro-7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (TH-
DMBA) are carcinogenic to human cells. The unsatu-
rated PAH, DMBA exhibits no carcinogenic activity on
human cells as measured by growth in soft agar of 84
and 86, respectively. The9e anchorage independent
cells when seeded on the chick embryonic skin (CES)
organ cultures, are invasive and form a fibrosarcoma
It is highly unlikely that TH-DMBA, which does not con-
tain an aromatic A-ring, can undergo metabolism in
human cells in culture to form a bay region 3,4-dihydro-
diol-1,2-epoxide. These results suggest that an alter-
nate mechanism for the induction of carcinogenesis is
appropriate to explain the absence of bay region dioi-
epoxide metabolite as the ultimate form of the carcino-
gen in TH-DMBA induced carcinogenesis in human di-
ploid cells.
Keywords: "Neoplasms, "Toxicology, In vivo analysis
Humans, Cells(Biology), Reprints, 'Carcinogenesis. '
PB84-174871	Not available NTIS
Municipal Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati
Edison, NJ.	'
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Evolution of Hazardous Material Spills Regula-
tions In the United States. Journal article,
Toledo Univ., OH.
G. F. Bennett, and I. Wilder. c1981,14p EPA-600/J-
80-043
Pub. in Jnl. of Hazardous Materials, v4 p257-269 1981.
After seven years in the preparation stage, the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency published, on
August 29, 1979, its hazardous substances regula-
tions, setting forth which chemicals are considered
hazardous to the environment, which are removable if
spilled into a water body, and rate of penalties for spill-
ing. This paper reviews the basis of the regulations
(the Federal Water Pollution Control Act), the various
drafts issued and withdrawn by EPA, the philosophy
behind each and, lastly, details of the final regulations.
(Copyright (c) 1981 Elsevier Scientific Publishing Com-
pany.)
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Regulations,
"United States, 'Chemical compounds, Water pollu-
tion, Penalties, Reprints, "Hazardous materials spills.
PB84-174689	Not available NTIS
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction System for Chemical
Speclatlon of Particulate Aerosol Samples. Journal
article,
California Univ., Berkeley. Lawrence Berkeley Lab.
A. C. Thompson, J. M. Jaklevic, B. H. O'Connor, and C.
M. Morris. C1982,10p EPA-600/J-82-028
Contract W-7405-ENG-48
Prepared in cooperation with Western Australian Inst,
of Tech., South Bentley and Los Alamos National Lab.,
NM
Pub. in Nuclear Instruments and Methods, V198 p539-
546 1982.
An x-ray powder diffraction system has been devel-
oped for the automated measurement and analysis of
particulate aerosol samples. The system is optimized
to process samples with particle loadings of about 100
micrograms/sq cm which are acquired with dichoto-
mous air samplers. A position sensitive pressurized
gas proportional chamber is used as the x-ray detec-
tor. this detector acquires information simultaneously
over an angular range of up to seven degrees and in-
creases the data acquisition rate by over 20 times
compared to a conventional system. The use of a posi-
tion sensitive detector also reduces spectral artifacts
due to preferred particle orientations since each spec-
tral point is measured at many goniometer settings.
The on-line data analysis procedure begins with a
background subtraction of the radiation scattered from
the sample substrate. A spectral analysis routine then
automatically finds peaks and fits them with an analytic
function to determine their position and intensity. A
search-match procedure is then used to determine the
major chemical species present on each sample. Re-
sults from this powder diffraction analysis are then
combined with an x-ray fluroescence measurement of
the chemical concentrations to give quantitative analy-
sis of the major chemical compounds present on these
environmental samples.
Keywords: *X ray diffraction, 'Chemical analysis, 'Par-
ticles, 'Laboratory equipment, X ray analysis, Aero-
sols,	Sampling,	Air	pollution,
Concentration(Composition), X ray fluorescence, Re-
prints, 'Air pollution detection, Dicnotomous samplers,
Computer applications.
PB84-174697	Not available NTIS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Principals of Organic Contaminant Behavior
during Artificial Recharge. Journal article,
Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
P. V. Roberts, and A. J. Valocchi. C1981,14p EPA-
600/J-81-684
Grant EPA-R-804431
Prepared in cooperation with Illinois Univ. at Urbana-
Champaign. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
Pub. in Jnl. of the Science of the Total Environment,
v21 p161 -172,1981.
The behavior of a variety of organic contaminants
having low molecular weight has been observed during
groundwater recharge with reclaimed water. The evi-
dence is site-specific, but is believed to have broader
implications regarding the general behavior of organic
contaminants in groundwater. The movement of spe-
cific contaminants such as chloroform and chloroben-
zene is retarded with respect to that of a conservative
tracer such as chloride. The measured retardation fac-
tors are approximately 3 and 35 for chloroform and
chlorobenzene, respectively. The retardation is
caused by the sorption of the solute, apparently by the
organic constitutents of the soil material. (Copyright (c)
Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company 1981.)
Keywords: "Organic compounds, 'Ground water re-
charge, "Water pollution, Chloroform, Chloroben-
zenes, Isotopic labeling, Chlorides, Sorption, Soils,
Humus. Recharge wells, Hydrogeology, Aquifers, Bio-
deterioration, Reprints, Tracer studies, "Reclaimed
water.
PB84-174705/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Area Overlap Method for Determining Adequate
Chromatographic Resolution. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J. E. Knoll, and M. R. Midgett. 1982, 5p EPA-600/J-81-
339
Pub. in Jnl. of Chromatographic Science, v20 p221-
224 May 82.
The Area Overlap method for evaluating analytical
chromatograms is evaluated and compared with the
Depth-of-the-Valley, IUPAC and Purnell criteria. The
method is a resolution criterion based on the fraction
of area contributed by an adjacent, overlapping peak.
It accounts for both the relative magnitudes and widths
of the peak, and uses simplified calculation proce-
dures. Peak distortion limits the method's usefulness
as a rectification procedure. The Area Overlap and
Depth-of-the-Valley methods showed considerable
correlation when the width of the contaminating peak
exceeded that of the sample. Neither the IUPAC nor
the Purnell criterion correlated with the Area Overlap
method when magnitude was varied. At constant mag-
nitude, ranges of both agreement and disagreement
were shown.
Keywords: 'Gas chromatography, "Gas analysis,
Chemical analysis, Air pollution, Reprints, 'Air pollu-
tion detection, "EPA method 110, "Area overlap
method, Numerical solution.
PB84-174820/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Procedures Manual for Ground Water Monitoring
at Solid Waste Disposal Facilities. Final rept.,
Wehran Engineering Corp., Middletown, NV.
D. Fenn, E. Cocozza, J. Isbister, O. Braids, and B.
Yare. 1977,284p EPA/SW-611
Contract EPA-68-01 -3210
Prepared in cooperation with Geraghty and Miller, inc..
Port Jefferson, NY.
This manual brings into one volume, information valua-
ble as a reference source for those persons actively
engaged in or planning groundwater monitoring pro-
grams at solid waste disposal facilities. It was complet-
ed prior to passage of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act of 1976, which contains major provisions
to move the country more rapidly toward environmen-
tally safe solid waste disposal practices. The implica-
tions for monitoring activities are clearly great, and this
manual should serve as a particularly useful tool as
State solid waste agencies proceed to strengthen their
land protection programs. The manual is primarily ad-
dressed to the supervisory personnel of solid waste
regulatory agencies, although its contents can be
readily used by engineers in the field.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Solid waste disposal,
Monitoring, Project planning, Manuals, Safety, Protec-
tion, Land use, Septic tanks, Mining, Irrigation, High-
ways, Deicers, Sludge disposal, Offshore drilling,
Crude oil, 'Groundwater movement, 'Path of pollut-
ants, Feedlot wastes.
PB84-174929/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Susceptibility of Aquatic and Terrestrial Re-
sources of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan to
Impacts from Acid Precipitation: Informational
Requirements,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
G. E. Glass. 1984,6p EPA-600/D-84-064
Surveys of lake water quality in northern Minnesota
and Wisconsin reveal that approximately three-fourths
of the lakes sampled are susceptible or potentially sus-
ceptible to acidification using the calcite saturation
index as an approximate classification scheme. For
some of the lakes in northern Wisconsin that fall above
the upper curve, the threshold for acidification has al-
ready been exceeded. Limited data are available to de-
termine the significance of the present atmospheric
loadings of acids. Acid loadings by precipitation can be
directly related to the resulting effects on lake pH as a
dose-response relationship. Verification of these rela-
tionships and their application to individual watersheds
is one of the most important research needs. If compa-
rable, the results pertaining to ecological responses
observed in Scandinavia and elsewhere can be direct-
ly translated to predicting, understanding and control-
ling the developing ecological effects being observed
in North America.
Keywords:	'Aquatic	animals,
"Tolerances(Physiology), 'Acidity, 'Air pollution,
"Water pollution, 'Lakes, pH, Seasonal variations,
Trends,	Land	use,	Watersheds,
Concentration(Composition), Minnesota, Wisconsin,
North America, Reprints, 'Acid precipitation, Organic
loading.
PB84-175106/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Radiation Data, Report 35 (July-
September 1983).
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
Dec 83, 47p EPA-520/1-84-004
See also PB84-149145.
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is compiled and
distributed quarterly by the Office of Radiation Pro-
grams Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility
(EERF). Montgomery, Alabama. Data from the Envi-
ronmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System
(ERAMS), and similar networks operated by contribut-
ing States, Canada, Mexico, and the Pan American
Health Organization are reported in (ERD) when avail-
able. The ERAMS is comprised of nationwide sampling
stations that provide air, surface, and drinking water
and milk samples from which environmental radiation
levels are derived. The major emphasis for ERAMS is
toward identifying trends in the accumulation of long-
lived radionuclides in the environment.
Keywords: 'Radioactivity, Radioactive contaminants,
Airborne wastes, Surface waters, Potable water, Milk,
Tritium, Carbon 14, Tables(Data), Fission products,
Radon, Krypton 85, Iodine 131, Strontium 90, Plutoni-
um 238, Plutonium 239, Uranium 235, "Radiation mon-
itoring, 'Environmental monitoring, ERAMS system,
Strontium 89, Radium 226, Uranium 234, Uranium 238,
Environmental exposure pathways.
PB84-175231/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Toxicity of Creosote-Contaminated Sediment to
Field-and Laboratory-Colonized Estuarlne Benthlc
Communities. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
M. E. Togatz, G. R. Plaia, C. H. Deans, and E. M. Lores.
8 Aug 83,13p EPA-600/J-83-189, CONTRIB-486
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v2
p441-450,1983.
Macrobenthic animal communities that colonized un-
contaminated and creosote-contaminated sand during
8 weeks were compared to assess effects of marine-
grade creosote on community structure. Aquaria were
colonized in the laboratory by planktonic larvae en-
trained in continuously supplied unfiltered seawater
and in the field by animals that occurred naturally. Indi-
viduals and species in aquaria that contained 844 and
4420 micrograms creosote/g were significantly fewer
than those in the control. Abundance of animals in
field-colonized communities contaminated with 177
micrograms/g, but not in laboratory-colonized commu-
nities, also was less than that in the control. The
lowest concentration at either site that affected num-
bers of individuals or species was 844 micrograms/g
for mollusks and 177 micrograms/g for echinoderms,
annelids, and arthropods. Initial measured concentra-
tions of creosote in sand (mid-range concentration)
decreased by 30% in the laboratory and by 42% in the
field at the end of the eight-week test.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Plankton, Larvae, Reprints,
"Creosote, 'Water pollution effects(Animals).
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB84-175249/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Granular Activated Carbon Installations,
Culp/Wesner/Culp, Cameron Park, CA.
R. L. Culp, and R. M. Clark. 1983,11p EPA-600/J-83-
180
See also PB82-102492. Pub. in Jnl. of JAWWA, 75, 8
p398-405 Aug 83.
This paper presents a compilation and summary of
design criteria, performance, and cost data from 22
operating municipal and industrial granular activated
carbon (GAC) installations that treat water and
wastewater or process food and beverage products.
Guidance for using this information to estimate costs
for GAC treatment of water supplies is provided. In
conjunction with previous reports, this article may be
used to obtain project specific cost estimates for water
treatment. Although this article does not provide
design criteria such as required contact time, probable
regeneration frequency, activated carbon reactivation
system criteria, or activated carbon transfer guidelines,
it presents an approach to determining such design
data for water systems.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, "Industrial waste treat-
ment, 'Food industry, 'Beverages, 'Water pollution
control, 'Water treatment, Cost analysis, Potable
water, Odors, Performance evaluation, Reprints,
'Granular activated carbon treatment.
PB84-175256/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Determination of Trace Anions in Water by Multi-
dimensional Ion Chromatography. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
T. B. Hoover, and G. D. Yager. 1984,8p EPA-600/J-
84-002
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, 56 n2 p221-225,1984.
Selenate, selenite, and arsenate ions were separated
from the major anions chloride, nitrate, and sulfate in
drinking water, surface water, and groundwater
sources by collecting a selected portion of the ion
chromatogram, after suppression, on a concentrator
column and reinjecting at the original chromatographic
conditions. Statistical detection limits varied from 0.02
to 1.2 micrograms of trace element depending on the
minor components to be separated and on the water
matrix but independent of initial sample size from 2 to
10 ml. The maximum reliably separated molar ratio
was 1300 for sulfate/selenate in well water. Carbon-
ate-bicarbonate eluent compositions were optimized
for each trace ion.
Keywords: 'Trace elements, 'Water analysis,
"Anions, Water pollution, Potable water, Ground
water, Sampling, Surface waters, Separation, Selen-
ates, Selenites, Arsenates, Reprints, 'Multidimen-
sional ion chromatography, 'Water pollution detection,
Ion chromatography.
PB84-175264/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Urinary Cadmium and Beta2-Microglobulin:
Normal Values and Concentration Adjustment.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
N. E. Kowal, and M. Zirkes. 1983,21p EPA-600/J-83-
198
Pub in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health, 11
p607-624, 1983.
Approximately 1000 urine samples were collected
from the general adult U.S. population, and analyzed
for cadmium, beta2-microglobulin, specific gravity, and
creatinine. The distributions of urinary cadmium and
beta2-microglobulin levels were quantified for use as
benchmarks against which the effects of environmen-
tal cadmium exposure may be measured. Urinary cad-
mium is significantly higher in females than males, and
increases significantly with age. Urinary beta2-microg-
lobulin is significantly higher in males than females, is
probably related to age, and does not significantly in-
crease with increased urinary cadmium (at the levels
found). Since urinary creatinine is lower in females
than males and is a function of age, specific gravity is
concluded to be the most straightforward and practical
parameter to use in urine concentration adjustment.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Humans, Females, Males,
Cadmium, Reprints, 'Urinalysis.
118 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB84-175272/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparative Renal and Hepatotoxicity of Halo-
methanes: Bromodichloromethane. Bromoform,
Chloroform, Dibromochloromethane and Methyl-
ene Chloride. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. W. Condie, C. L. Smallwood, and R. D. Laurie. 1983,
19p EPA-600/J-83-199
Pub. in Jnl. of Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 6 n6
p563-578, 1983.
The subchronic renal and hepatotoxicities of five se-
lected halomethanes, which are drinking water con-
taminants, were evaluated following a 14-day expo-
sure period. Bromodichloromethane, bromoform, chlo-
roform, dibromochloromethane and methylene chlo-
ride were administered at three dose levels. Toxicity
was evaluated by measuring increases in total body
weight, active uptake of p-aminohippuric acid into
renal cortical slices, blood urea nitrogen, serum creati-
nine and serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase
levels and by performing a histopathologic examina-
tion of liver and kidney tissues. At the dose level em-
ployed in these experiments, dose-related effects on
the liver and kidney were seen with the uptake of p-
aminohippuric acid into kidney slices and with the his-
topathologic evaluation of tissues. The other param-
eters revealed adverse renal and hepatic effects in
only the high dose groups. Treatment-related effects
seen in the methylene chloride exposed mice were
less pronounced than in the other halomethane treat-
ment groups. In general, histopathological changes
were the most sensitive indicators of both liver and
kidney damage.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Potable water, 'Water pollu-
tion, Bromoform, Chloroform, Chloromethanes, Halo-
gen organic compounds, Liver, Kidney, Dosage, Labo-
ratory animals, Reprints, 'Halomethanes, Hippuric
acid/amino, Methane/bromo-dichloro, Methane/di-
bromo-chloro.
PB84-175280/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
DISFIT: A Program for Fitting Distributions in
Data. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
V. Hasselblad, and A. G. Stead. 1981, 9p EPA-600/J-
81-688
Pub. in Jnl. of the American Statistician, 35 n4 p274-
279 Nov 81.
Although distribution fitting methods abound in the sta-
tistical literature, very few of these methods are found
in the major statistical packages. In particular, SPSS
(1975), BMD-P (1981) and SAS (1979) only give some
overall tests for normality. There a few specialized dis-
tribution fitting packages. The distributions the authors
have chosen for DISFIT include some of the classic
ones as well as those pertinent to the environmental
field. The analysis of both environmental monitoring
and environmental health data require distribution fit-
ting programs. The DISFIT system is written and pro-
grammed in three separate parts. The first part fits dis-
crete distributions, and is available as a technical
report (Hasselblad, Stead and Anderson, 1981). The
second part fits continuous distributions. This program
is available, and the report describing the program
should be available by the end of 1982. The third part
will fit grouped continuous distributions.
Keywords: 'Statistical distributions, Curve fitting, Sta-
tistical data. Binomial density functions, Poisson densi-
ty functions, Normal density functions, Reprints,
'Computer applications, 'DISFIT system, 'Environ-
mental monitoring, Lognormal density functions,
Gamma density functions, Beta density functions,
Maximum likelihood estimation, Environment health.
PB84-175298/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Microbial Transformation of Esters of Chlorinated
Carboxyllc Acids. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
D. F. Paris, N. L. Wolfe, and W. C. Steen. 1984,8p
EPA-600/J-84-005
Pub. in Jnl. of Applied and Environmental Microbiolo-
gy, v47 n1 p7-11 Jan 84.
Two groups of compounds were selected for microbial
transformation studies. In the first group were carbox-
ylic acid esters having a fixed aromatic moiety and an
increasing length of the alkyl component. Ethyl esters
of chlorine-substituted carboxylic acids were in the
second group. Microorganisms from environmental
waters and a pure culture of Pseudomonas putida U
were used. The bacterial populations were monitored
by plate counts, and disappearance of the parent com-
pound was followed by gas-liquid chromatography as a
function of time.
Keywords: 'Carboxylic acid esters, 'Chlorination,
'Microorganisms, Water pollution, Gas chromatogra-
phy, Reaction kinetics, Chemical equilibrium, Reprints.
PB84-175306/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hlstopathology and Enlargement of the Pituitary
of a Teleost Exposed to the Herbicide Trifluralln.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
J. A. Couch. 1984, 10p EPA-600/J-82-152
Pub. in the Jnl. of Fish Diseases, v7 p157-163,1984.
Pituitary glands of sheepshead minnows, Cyprinodon
variegatus, exposed for 19 months to 1 -5 micrograms/
I trifluralin were significantly enlarged and possessed
histopathologic characteristics (when compared to
glands of controls) such as pseudocysts, congestion
of blood vessels and edema. Most of the fish with en-
larged pituitaries also had diffuse vertebral hyperosto-
sis and other dysplastic vertebral changes. Several
speculative mechanistic paths are suggested for the
mode of the effect of trifluralin on the vertebral and pi-
tuitary tissues. Study of the form and function of pitui-
tary glands of teleosts from natural populations might
provide indications of chronic physiological stress, par-
ticularly in relation to chemical pollutant stress.
Keywords: 'Herbicides, 'Toxicology, 'Pituitary glands.
Reprints, "Trifluralin, Sheepshead minnows, Cyprino-
don variegatus, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), His-
to pathology.
PB84-175314	Not available NTIS
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Time Series Analysis of Coal Data from Prepara-
tion Plants. Journal article,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
B. H. Cheng, B. Woodcock, D. Sargent, and A. Gleit.
c1982,8p EPA-600/J-82-429
Pub. in Jnl. of Air Pollution Control Association, v32
n11 p1137-1141 Nov 82.
The paper gives information directed to individuals
concerned with existing or proposed sulfur emission
regulations. The ability of coal-fired-boiler operators to
comply with emission regulations depends largely on
the variability in emission rate. Because of the variabili-
ty inherent in coal, the mean emission rate (in lb S02/
million Btu) must be lower than the emission standard
to prevent violations. Heretofore, this problem has
been analyzed by statistical techniques assuming in-
dependent (uncorrected) data. This paper indicates
that this method is inappropriate. Failure to account for
correlation structure in coal data results in gross un-
derestimation of emission violations of actual coal.
Correlation in coal data should not be overlooked: the
ability of each coal to meet emission regulations must
be individually determined.
Keywords: "Coal preparation, "Regulations, "Sulfur
oxides, 'Time series analysis, Desullurization, Stand-
ards, Boilers, Industrial wastes, Statistical analysis,
Reprints, 'Air pollution abatement.
PB84-175322	Not available NTIS
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Development of a Charging/Collecting Device for
High Resistivity Dust Using Cooled Electrodes.
Journal article,
Denver Research Inst., CO.
M. D. Durham, G. A. Rinard, D. E. Rugg, and L. E.
Sparks. C1982, 8p EPA-600/J-82-430
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association 32
n11 p1132-1136 Nov 82.
The paper discusses a charging/collecting device for
high-resistivity fly ash, developed to control back-ioni-
zation by cooling the collector electrode internally with
water. The device consists of parallel 6.0 cm pipes
with corona wires suspended between them. The
pipes provide a simple means of interfacing with a
cooling water system and also minimizing the collector
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
(100 F) water eliminated back-ionization and permitted
average field strengths of 7 kV/cm with fly ash having
a resistivity > 10 to the 12th power ohm-cm. Test re-
sults on an actual flue gas stream and plans for future
testing are described. Initial tests using heated instead
of cooled electrodes are described, as well as other
tests that led to the present design. Test results with
the heated electrode show the kind of improvement in
performance that can be obtained when resistivity is
controlled in only a small collection area. (Copyright (c)
1982 - Air Pollution Control Association.)
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, 'Dust col-
lectors, "Electrostatic precipitators, "Electrodes,
"Cooling systems, Design criteria, Performance eval-
uation, Electrical resistivity, Particles, Ionization, Re-
prints.
PB84-175330	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Health Effects of Toluene: A Review. Journal arti-
cle,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
V. A. Benignus. C1981, 25p EPA-600/J-81-013
Pub. in Jnl. of Neurotoxicology, v2 p567-588,1981.
This evaluative review covers the neurotoxic effects of
toluene. General health effects of toluene are also dis-
cussed in more limited detail. A brief description of
chemical properties and environmental prevalence is
given, followed by a review of pharmacokinetic data.
General health effects include lethality, growth, mor-
bidity, mortality, liver and kidney damage and miscella-
neous effects. Neurobehavioral effects include epide-
miological and clinical findings, activity and sleep, per-
formance and learning, electrophysiological and cen-
tral-nervous-system (CNS) effects. Evaluation and
synthesis of data is included. It was concluded that low
level exposure to toluene has its primary effect on the
CNS. From a systematic or general point of view it is
not clear what this effect is. Both depressant and exci-
tatory effects (possibly concentration dependent) were
reported as well as other kinds of results. Other health
effects were not life threatening at any exposure level
short of that producing lethality. Effects were reversi-
ble even at extremely high exposure levels for very
long durations. Problems in research and needed data
are pointed out. Given the economic importance and
ubiquity of toluene, more information about its behav-
ioral and neurological effects is sorely needed.
Keywords: "Toluene, "Toxicology, Reviews, Epidemi-
ology, Reprints, "Neurotoxicity.
PB84-175348	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Limited Epizootic of Neuroblastoma In Coho
Salmon Reared In Chlorlnated-Dechlorlnated
Water. Journal article,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.
T. R. Meyers, and J. D. Hendricks. c1984,14p EPA-
600/J-84-003
Grant EPA-R-B09344
Pub. in Jnl. of the National Cancer Institute, v72 n2
p299-310 Feb 84.
During the 1976-77 brood year, approximately 12
cases of neuroblastoma were observed in a captive
group of 100,000 fingerling coho salmon (Oncorhyn-
chus kisutch) reared in a commercial hatchery. The
tumors were large, occurring in the skeletal muscle
near the dorsal fin causing conspicuous bulging of the
overlying integument. Tumors examined from 3 fish
each consisted of neuroblasts In trabecular patterns
interspersed by glial fibrillar material and linear cavities
resembling central neural canals lined by ependyma-
like cells. Ganglion-like cells also were apparent mor-
phologically and by special stain. Cancer of the tumor
was characterized by an abundance of mitotic figures
with occasional abnormal divisions, local invasion of
normal tissues, and potentially metastatic tumor cell
aggregates in organ vasculature. The etiology of this
tumor may have been related to mutagenic-carcino-
genic halogenated compounds possibly formed in the
hatchery water supply during continuous chlorinatlon
of incoming river water.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Neoplasms, "Chlorine,
Fishes, Reprints, "Water pollution effects(Animals),
Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, "Neuroblasto-
ma.
PB84-175355	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Assimilation Efficiency by 'Procambarus clarkli'
Fed elodea 'Egera densa' and Its Products of De-
composition. Journal article,
University of West Florida, Pensacola.
C.	Wiernicki. C1984,17p EPA-600/J-84-004
Grant EPA-R-804458
Pub. in Jnl. of Aquaculture, v36 p203-215,1984.
Elodea cut into two initial particle sizes (2.0 cm sec-
tions and 3.0 millimeter sq fragments) underwent mi-
crobial decomposition for periods of 0, 15, 33, and 45
days, and then was fed to four size classes of crayfish
(2.0, 3.5, 5.0, and 9.0 cm). Assimilation efficiency was
determined by Conover's method. All four size classes
of crayfish assimilated 15-day detritus more efficiently
than 0-day detritus. Two-cm crayfish assimilated 33-
day detritus more efficiently than 15- or 0-day detritus.
In all other cases, assimilation efficiency was reduced.
Radiotracer techniques utilizing 14C were used to de-
termine the percentage of carbon assimilated in the
form of plan fragments compared with the percentage
assimilated in the form of microorganisms. Results in-
dicate an inverse relationship between crayfish size
and the percentage of carbon assimilated in the form
of microorganisms.
Keywords: "Aquaculture, "Plants(Botany), "Cray-
fishes, Metabolism, Reprints, Procambarus clarkii,
Egera densa.
PB84-175363	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Hlstopathological and Ultrastructural Changes In
the Antennal Gland, Midgut, Hepatopancreas, and
Gill of Grass Shrimp Following Exposure to Hexa-
valent Chromium. Journal article,
University of West Florida, Pensacola. Dept. of Biol-
ogy.
D.	G. Doughtie, and K. R. Rao. c1984,24p EPA-600/J-
84-010
Grant EPA-R-807417
Pub. in the Jnl. of Invertebrate Pathology, v43 p89-108,
1984.
Grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, were exposed for
1 month to subacute concentrations of hexavalent
chromium (0.5,1.0, 2.0, 4.0 ppm) after which the gills,
midgut, hepatopancreas, and antennal glands were
examined for histopathological and ultrastructural
changes. Pathological changes were greatest in the
antennal glands, followed by hepatopancreas, gills,
and midgut. Severe changes occurred in some shrimp,
even at 0.5 ppm chromium. Cells of all tissues fre-
quently had both swollen mitochondria and rough en-
doplasmic reticulum. Small, spherical or ring-like in-
tranuclear inclusions, possibly indicative of cellular hy-
peractivity or manifestions of chromium and/or protein
complexes, were most prevalent in the hepatopan-
creas and antennal glands but also occurred in the
midgut and gills. Other major degenerative changes in
the antennal glands were restricted to the labyrinth
and included diminution of basal plasmalemmal infold-
ings and cytoplasmic density, nuclear hypertrophy fol-
lowed by widespread nuclear pyknosis and epithelial
desquamation.
Keywords: "Chromium, "Toxicology, Metals, Shrimp,
Reprints, Heavy metals, Histopathology, "Water pollu-
tion effects( Animals).
PB84-175520/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Trial Burn Testing of the EPA-ORO Mobile Inciner-
ation System. Environmental research brief Sep 81-
Nov 83,
IT Enviroscience, Inc., Knoxville, TN.
R. J. Lovell, R. A. Miller, C. Pfommer, Jr., J. E. Brugger,
and J. J. Vezzi, Jr. Feb 84,7p EPA-600/D-84-054
Contract EPA-68-03-3069
This summaiy describes the initial trial burn testing of
the mobile incineration system that was developed
through the EPA Office of Research and Development
for destroying organic hazardous materials at spills
and abandoned landfill sites. The trial burn test pro-
gram consisted of a series of five tests designed to
evaluate the system's ability to destroy selected haz-
ardous organic materials while controlling the emis-
sions of HCI, particulate matter, and organics accord-
ing to the requirements of the Toxic Substances Con-
trol Act (TSCA), the Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act (RCRA), and the State of New Jersey. The
results of the trial burn provided the information
needed to obtain operating permits for the incineration
system at many of the hazardous material sites that
plague the nation.
Keywords: "Incinerators, "Mobile equipment, "Hazard-
ous materials, "Earth fills, Organic compounds, Solid
waste disposal, Performance evaluation, Air pollution
control, Hydrogen chloride, Particles, Reprints, "Haz-
ardous materials spills.
PB84-175678/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effects of Reid Vapor Pressure on Hydrocarbon
Evaporative Emissions. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
E. A. Barth. Feb 84,33p EPA-AA-TEB-84-3
This report discusses the results of a test program
conducted at EPA's Motor Vehicle Emission Laborato-
ry to investigate the effect of gasoline volatility, as
measured by Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP), on evapora-
tive hydrocarbon (HC) emissions. The program con-
sisted of a series of short test sequences designed to
quantify these effects. The principal test variables
were the vehicle evaporative standard, test fuel, test
driving cycles, and prep cycles.
Keywords: "Vapor pressure, "Hydrocarbons, "Evapo-
ration, "Air pollution, "Exhaust emissions, Mathemati-
cal models, Fuels, "Federal test procedures, Mobile
source emissions model, Indolene.
PB84-175686/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Monitoring and Data Support Div.
NURP (Nationwide Urban Runoff Program) Priori-
ty Pollutant Monitoring Project: Summary of Find-
ings. Final rept. Sep 80-Sep 83,
Dalton-Dalton-Newport, Inc., Cleveland, OH.
R. H. Cole, R. E. Frederick, R. P. Healy, and R. G.
Rolan. 12 Dec 83,149p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Monitoring and Data Sup-
port Div.
The Nationwide Urban Runoff Program (NURP) priority
pollutant monitoring project was initiated to evaluate
the presence, concentrations, and potential water
quality impacts of priority pollutants in urban storm-
water runoff. From 1980 to 1983, 121 runoff samples
were collected from 61 predominately residential and
commercial sites across the country and analyzed for
127 of the 129 priority pollutants. Seventy-seven priori-
ty pollutants were detected, which included 14 inor-
ganic and 63 organic pollutants. Lead and selenium
were the inorganic priority pollutants which could rep-
resent a potential risk to humans in undiluted runoff.
The organic priority pollutants with this potential were
two BHC isomers, both pesticides. Dilution, settling,
and other fate processes in receiving waters as well as
treatment of water supplies tend to make the risk to
humans small. The risk to aquatic life from priority pol-
lutant metals is of more concern. Levels of cadmium,
copper, lead, and zinc in undiluted runoff exceeded the
EPA 1980 acute criteria for protection of aquatic life by
a factor of 2 to 8.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Urbanization, "Water pollution,
"Urban areas, Surface water runoff, River basins,
Drainage, Stream flow, Civil engineering, Aquatic ani-
mals, Risk, Environmental impacts, Lead(Metal), Sele-
nium, Metals, "Storm water runoff, Urban hydrology.
PB84-175744/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Review of New Source Performance Standards
for Grain Elevators. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jan 84,105p EPA-450/3-84-001
This report reviews the current Standards of Perform-
ance for New Stationary sources: Subpart DD - Grain
Elevators. Emphasis is given to the state of control
technology, extent to which plants have been able to
meet current standards, experience of representatives
of industry and of EPA officials involved with testing
and compliance, economic costs, environmental and
energy considerations, and trends in the grain elevator
industry. Information used in this report is based on
data available as of March 1983.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Grain elevators, 'Standards, * Air pollution
control, Reviews, Cost analysis, Trends, Grain mills,
Cargo transportation, National government, State gov-
ernment, "New source performance standards. Fugi-
tive emissions.
PB84-175959/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Pilot-Scale Parametric Testing of Spray Dryer S02
Scrubber for Low-to-Moderate Sulfur Coal Utility
Applications. Final rept. Feb 80-Mar81,
Cottrell Environmental Sciences, Somerville, NJ.
N. J. Stevens, G. B. Manavizadeh, G. W. Taylor, and M.
J. WidiCO. Mar 84,268p* EPA-600/7-84-045
Contract EPA-68-02-3190
The report gives results of a comprehensive, pilot, dry,
S02 scrubbing test program to determine the effects
of process variables on S02 removal. In the spray
dryer, stoichiometric ratio, flue gas temperature ap-
proach to adiabatic saturation, and temperature drop
across the spray dryer significantly affected S02 re-
moval. In the fabric filter, stoichiometric ratio and tem-
perature approach to adiabatic saturation controlled
S02 removal. Recycling FGD/fly ash product solids
enhanced S02 removal over that of lime-only once-
through operation. The technoeconomic evaluation,
based on test results, showed that a dry S02 scrub-
bing system is economical compared to limestone wet
FGD/particulate control systems for coal levels up to
about 1.5-1.8 wt %.
Keywords: *Air pollution control equipment, 'Scrub-
bers, 'Spray drying, "Sulfur dioxide, Performance eval-
uation, Industrial wastes, Combustion products. Flue
gases, Design criteria, Electric power plants, Econom-
ics, Air filters, Limestone scrubbing, Fabric filters, Flue
gas desulfurization, Wet methods.
PB84-176072/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Causes and Effects of Changes in Stratospheric
Ozone: Update 1983. Final rept.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
Feb 84, 262p ISBN-0-309-03443-4
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Research and De-
velopment. Library of Congress catalog card no. 84-
60100.
The report reviews current understanding of man-
made causes of changes in stratospheric ozone in-
cluding releases of chloroflurocarbons (CFCs), nitrous
oxide, nitrogen oxides, methane, carbon dioxide, and
other trace gases. Results of up-to-date models are
prescuted. The report also reviews current under-
standing of the biological consequences of changes in
stratospheric ozone, focusing on effects of increased
exposure to solar ultraviolet-B radiation that would ac-
company decreases in ozone.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Stratosphere, "Air pollution, Pho-
tochemical reactions, Field tests, Meteorology, Labo-
ratory equipment, Mathematical models, Comparison,
Exposure, Immunology, Perturbation, Malignant neo-
plasms, Ultraviolet radiation, Plants(Botany), Animals,
Humans, Aquatic animals, Ecology, Melanoma, Eco-
systems, Cancer.
PB84-176841	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Parameters Distinguishing Herpes Simplex Virus
Type 2-Transformed Tumorigenic and Nontumori-
§enlc Rat Cells,
owman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem,
NC.
A H Hale, L. S. Lucera, L. W. Daniel, and M. Waite.
ci 981, 9p EPA-6O0/J-81 -685
Grant EPA-R-807073
Pub. in Cancer Research 41, p629-634 Feb 81.
A newly developed experimental model system was
used to determine in vitro transformation-specific pa-
rameters which correlate with tumorigenicity. The data
suggested that clonal herpes simplex virus type 2-
transformed syngeneic rat embryo cells with intermedi-
ate, transformed rat embryo fibroblasts (t-REF-G-1) or
high, rat fibrosarcoma tumorigenic potential in syngen-
eic rats could be differentiated from clonal transformed
nontumorigenic (t-REF-G-2) and nontransformed rat
120 Vol. 90, No. 24
embryo fibroblast cells by their growth to increased
saturation density and cloning efficiency in soft-agar
medium. All clonal herpes simplex virus type 2-trans-
formed cells, regardless of tumorigenic potential, pos-
sessed an increased rate of hexose transport and
plasminogen activator activity and were less fibroblas-
toid in morphology compared to nontransformed rat
embryo fibroblast cells. There were no significant dif-
ference in cell doubling time or total phospholipid com-
position between clonal transformed tumorigenic, non-
tumorigenic, and nontransformed cells.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Cells(Biology), Rats, Reprints,
'Herpesvirus hominis, 'Mutagenesis.
PB84-176874/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Benzene Emissions from Ethylbenzene/Styrene
Plants - Background Information for Proposal to
Withdraw Proposed Standards. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Mar 84, 56p EPA-450/3-84-003
This document contains information that formed the
basis for the decision to withdraw standards for the
ethylbenzene/styrene industry proposed December
18, 1980 (45 FR 83448). The report includes a summa-
ry of industry changes since proposal, a summary of
public comments relevant to the withdrawal decision,
and the rationale for the decision to withdraw pro-
posed standards.
Keywords: 'Chemical plants, 'Benzenes, 'Standards,
"Air pollution control, Ethyl benzene, Styrene, Hazard-
ous materials, Environmental impacts, Public health,
Risk, Industrial wastes, National emission standards
for hazardous air pollutants.
PB84-17S908/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Method
Study 19, Method 609 (Nltroaromatlcs and iso-
phorone). Final rept. 13 Sep 78-31 Oct 83,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
G. Kinzer, R. Riggin, T. Bishop, M. A. Birts, and C. C.
Howard. Feb 84, 77p EPA-600/4-84-018
Contract EPA-68-03-2624
An interlaboratory study in which 18 laboratories par-
ticipated was conducted to provide precision and ac-
curacy statements for the proposed EPA Method 609
for measuring concentrations of the Category 4 chemi-
cals nitrobenzene, isophorone, 2,4-dinitrotoluene and
2,6-dinitrotoiuene in municipal and industrial aqueous
discharges. Method 609 involves solvent extraction of
the pollutants with methylene chloride followed by
Florisil clean-up and subsequent gas chromatographic
analysis of the four subject compounds using flame
ionization and electron capture detection techniques.
The study design was based on Youden's plan for col-
laborative tests of analytical methods. Three Vouden
pair samples of the test compounds were spiked into
six types of test waters and then analyzed. The test
waters were distilled water, tap water, a surface water,
and three different industrial wastewater effluents. The
resulting data were statistically analyzed using the
computer program entitled 'Interlaboratory Method
Validation Study' (IMVS).
Keywords: 'Nitrobenzenes, "Water analysis, Solvent
extraction. Chemical analysis, Water pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Gas chromatography,
Water pollution, Nitrogen organic compounds, *EPA
method 609, 'Isophorone, Toluene/dinitro, 'Water
pollution detection, Electron capture spectroscopy,
Flame ionization spectroscopy.
PB84-177328/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Onslte Wastewater Systems Policy and Regula-
tions In the USA,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Div.
J. F. Kreissl. 1984,16p* EPA-600/D-84-093
The relationship between the Federal, state and local
governments with regard to the design and use of
onsite wastewater systems are discussed. State codes
which generally govern the design and use of onsite
systems are subsequently analyzed as to their mean-
ing and variability.
Keywords: 'Waste water, "Waste disposal, 'Waste
treatment, Local government, State governments, Na-
tional governments, United States, Intergovernmen-
tal relationship.
PB84-177336/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Management of Lakes Through Sediment Remov-
al,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
S. A. Peterson. 1984, 34p* EPA-600/D-84-094
When properly conducted, sediment removal is an ef-
fective lake management technique. This paper de-
scribes: (1) the purpose of sediment removal, (2) envi-
ronmental concerns, (3) depth of sediment removal,
(4) sediment removal techniques, (5) suitable lake con-
ditions, (6) exemplary case histories, and (7) costs.
The reasons for dredging lakes are to deepen, limit nu-
trient recycling, reduce macrophytes, and to remove
toxic substances.
Keywords: 'Dredging, 'Lakes, 'Sediments, Removal,
Management, Environmental impacts, Nutrients,
Aquatic plants, Algae, Toxicity, Depth, History, Cost
analysis, Recycling, 'Lake restoration, Case studies.
PB84-177344/HSU	PC Attt/MF A01
Where Does Waterborne Giardiasis Occur, and
Why. Conference proceedings,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
E. C. Lippy, and G. S. Logsdon. 1984,11 p EPA-600/D-
84-100
Over 60 outbreaks of waterborne giardiasis occurred
in the United States between 1965 and 1982, mainly in
the Northeast, the Rocky Mountain states, and the Pa-
cific states. Outbreaks most often occurred as a result
of inadequate or interrupted treatment. Disinfection
problems and failure to provide filtration were noted in
a majority of treatment-related outbreaks. Inadequate
coagulation and poor filtration practices were identified
as problems where treatment was provided. Recent
research has shown the sort of treatment practices
that can permit Giardia cysts to pass through treat-
ment plants as well as what is needed to provide effec-
tive barriers to the cysts.
Keywords: 'Giardiasis, Parasitic diseases, Disinfec-
tion, Filtration.
PB84-177369/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Dlagenetic Oxygen Equivalents Model of Sedi-
ment Oxygen Demand,
Manhattan Coll., Bronx, NY. Environmental Engineer-
ing and Science Graduate Program.
D. M. DiToro. 1984,65p EPA-600/D-84-099
Grants EPA-803030, EPA-805229
The consumption of oxygen in the overlying water by
sediments is an important component in the oxygen
balance of most natural waters. Conventional practice
is to specify the magnitude of this sink using direct
uptake measurements. Unfortunately, if the manage-
ment alternative being investigated affects the supply
of particulate organic material to the sediment then the
use of the existing sediment oxygen demand (SOD) for
dissolved oxygen projections may be in error. Exam-
ples include the oxygen consequences of phosphorus
loading reductions where algal carbon decay in the
sediment is a principle DO sink. It is the purpose of this
paper to present a model of sediment oxygen demand
which attempts to solve the problem in a fashion which
ultimately dispenses with the complexity and relates
sediment oxygen demand to the flux of the oxygen
equivalents of all reduced substances in the interstitial
water without specific regard to their identity.
Keywords: "Sediments, "Oxygen demand, 'Streams,
'Water pollution control, Supply(Economics), Phos-
phorus, Organic materials, Algae, Mathematical
models, Interstices, 'Foreign technology, 'Sediment
oxygen demand, Sinks, Nonpoint sources, Point
sources.
PB84-177385/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Fish and Wildlife Service, Kearneysville, WV. Eastern
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Rocky Mountain Acidification Study. Air pollution
and acid rain rept. (Final),
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Natural Resources
Ecology Lab.
J. Gibson, J. Galloway, C. Schpfield, W. McFee, and R.
Johnson. Oct 83,155p FWS/OBS-80/40.17
Contract DI-14-16-0009-81-029
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Research and De-
velopment.
The objectives of this report were to determine the
sensitivity of watersheds characteristic of the Rocky
Mountain Region and the relationship of watershed
sensitivity to geology and soils; to evaluate the extent
of current acidification and the potential for increasing
acidification with increasing deposition of nitrate and
sulfate; to evaluate the results of the preceding in
terms of impacts on fish populations; and to develop
recommendations for assessment of future trends in
both changing water chemistry and impacts on fish
populations.
Keywords: 'Fisheries, "Acidification, 'Stream pollu-
tion, "Rocky Mountains, National parks, Geology,
Water chemistry, Environmental impacts, Rocks,
Granite, Drainage, Volcanoes, Alkalinity, Acid precipi-
tation.
PB84-177419/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Field-to-Stream Transport of Agricultural Chemi-
cals and Sediment in an Iowa Watershed. Part 2.
Data Base for Model Testing (1979-1980). Final
rept. Jan 79-Sep 81,
Iowa Agricultural and Home Economics Experiment
Station, Ames.
H. P. Johnson, and J. L. Baker. Apr 84,462p EPA-600/
3-84-055
Grant EPA-R-806603
In a continuation of a previous project, data were col-
lected on the field-to-stream transport of sediment, nu-
trients, and pesticides in an agricultural watershed.
These data contribute to an improved qualitative un-
derstanding of the field-to-stream processes involved
and provide a quantitative base for testing mathemati-
cal models that predict hydrology, erosion, and sedi-
ment and chemical transport. During the study report-
ed here (1979-1980), data were collected for small
corn, soybean and pasture fields; for two larger mixed-
cover subwatersheds; and at three drainage stream
sites. Rainfall was well above average in 1979 and
slightly below normal in 1980. Flow from the water-
shed was roughly half subsurface flow and half runoff,
with about half of the surface runoff being snowmelt.
Keywords: 'Sediment transport, 'Water pollution,
Mathematical models, Farms, Drainage, Pesticides,
Nutrients, Corn plants. Soybean plants, Sediments,
Losses, Pasture, Fertilizers, Runoff, Stream flow,
Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data), Iowa, 'Agricultural wa-
tersheds, Nonpoint sources.
PB84-177468/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, PA.
Region III.
Vapor Controls for Vehicle Tank Refueling at
Retail Gasoline Service Stations. Final rept.
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Arlington, TX.
Dec 83,118p*
Contract EPA-68-02-3512
Retail gasoline service stations constitute a large
source of uncontrolled VOC emissions. Emission
sources include underground storage tank filling and
breathing losses, spills, and vehicle tank refueling
losses. Current VOC regulations for nonattainment
areas require the control of VOC losses from under-
ground storage tank filling, commonly called Stage I
controls. In areas where tnis level of control does not
clearly demonstrate attainment will be achieved, addi-
tional VOC regulations may be required. The VOC
losses from vehicle tank refueling at retail gasoline
service stations, can be controlled. Known as Stage II
controls, vapor-balance, vapor-aspirator, or vacuum-
assisted systems can be used. Field tests demon-
strate that efficiencies are 95 + % for vapor-balance
system, 96% for vapor aspirator, and 97+% for
vacuum-assisted system. The vapor recovered is
equal to the vapor controlled with the vapor-balance
and vapor-aspirator systems, whereas only half of the
vapor controlled by a vacuum-assisted system is re-
covered, as part of this stream is incinerated. Econom-
ic analyses of the three systems show the vapor-bal-
ance system to be the most affordable. Its addition to
retail stations would add an average of 0.2 cent per
gallon to the cost of gasoline (in Sept., 1982, dollars.)
Keywords: 'Refueling, 'Air pollution control equip-
ment, 'Gasoline, State government, Sources, Cost
analysis, Regulations, Evaporation, 'Service stations,
'Fugitive emissions, 'Air quality, Volatile organic com-
pounds, Gas spills.
PB84-177476/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Acute and Chronic Effects of Dlflubenzuron (Dlmi-
lin) on Freshwater Fish and Invertebrates. Journal
article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A. V. Nebeker, P. McKinney, and M. A. Cairns. 1983,
11 p EPA-600/J-83-194
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v2
P329-336 1983.
Two fish and seven invertebrate freshwater species
were exposed to diflubenzuron (Dimilin) in acute and
chronic laboratory tests. No effects on newly hatched
and juvenile fathead minnows or juvenile guppies were
seen at or below 36 micrograms/L, the nignest con-
centration tested. An early-life-stage test (30-d) with
fathead minnows showed no effect at or below 36 mi-
crograms/L. No effects on survival, growth or repro-
duction were observed with two snail species, Juga pli-
cifera and Physa spp., at or below 36 micrograms/L.
Adult emergence of the caddis fly Clistoronia magni-
fies was inhibited at 0.1 micrograms/L. Molting and
survival of the midge Tanytarsus dissimilis were affect-
ed at 4.9 micrograms/L, and adult emergence did not
occur at 1.6 micrograms/L.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Concentration(Composition),
Fresh water, Fishes, Invertebrates, Exposure, Re-
prints, 'Dimilin, 'Diflubenzuron, Water pollution
effects( Animals).
PB84-177484/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Metals Removals and Partitioning in Conventional
Wastewater Treatment Plants. Journal article.
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
A. C. Petrasek, Jr., and I. J. Kugelman. Sep 83,11p
EPA-600/J-83-191
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Pollution Control Federation,
p1183-1190 Sep 83.
Metals removal and partitioning to primary and sec-
ondary sludge during treatment of domestic
wastewater by conventional sewage treatment proc-
esses was studied. Raw wastewater entering the Mill
Creek Sewage Treatment Plant, Cincinnati, Ohio, was
fed to a 0.1 l/s (1.6 gpm) pilot treatment plant. The
plant consisted of a sewer simulator, aerated grit
chamber, primary settler, and activated sludge proc-
ess. Metals were monitored at the various stages of
treatment by analysis of composite samples. Based on
mean values, overall removal of As, Ca, Mg, Hg, and
Si02 was less than 20%; of Ag, Cr and Mn was be-
tween 20% and 50% of Cd, Fe, Ni and Zn was be-
tween 50% and 80%; and was greater than 80% for
Cu and Pb. Average removal for all metals was 42%.
The primary sludge contained 10% - 15% of the
metals entering the plant while the waste activated
sludge contained about 30%. These results are similar
to those recently in other cities of the U.S.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Metals, 'Materials re-
covery, Activated sludge process, Pilot plants, Sam-
pling, Chemical analysis, Reprints, 'Solid wastes,
'Sewage sludge, 'Sludge treatment.
PB84-177492/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Improved Technique for Estimating Mean Depths
of Lakes. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. M. Omemik, and A. J. Kinney. 1983,8p EPA-600/ J-
83-195
Pub. in Water Research, v17 n11 p1603-1607 1983.
The authors describe a technique for determining
mean lake depth utilizing a systematically aligned dot
grid. This technique is, on the average, 55% faster
than the traditional planimeter methods, depending on
the type of planimeter and the size and complexify of
the lake. No detectable bias is associated with results
from this technique compared with those of traditional
planimeter methods.
Keywords: 'Depth, 'Lakes, Estimating,
Grids(Coordinates), Comparison, Bathymetry, Meas-
urement, Limnology, Boundaries, Planimeters, Map-
ping, Reprints, Eutrophication, Morphometry.
PB84-177500	Not available NTIS
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Data Acquisition System for Rapid Kinetic Experi-
ments. Journal article Jan 81-Jan 82,
Mississippi State Univ., Mississippi State. Dept. of
Chemical Engineering.
H. D. Keady, andC. H. Kuo. C1983,18p EPA-600/J-
83-190
Grant EPA-R-805253
Pub. in Chemical Engineering Communication, v23
p291-304 1983.
A data acquisition system has been developed to col-
lect, analyze and store large volumes of rapid kinetic
data measured from a stopped-flow spectrophoto-
meter. A digital minicomputer, with an A/D converter,
tape drive unit and formatter, analog recorder, oscillo-
scope, and input/output terminal interfaced to the
stopped-flow spectrophotometer provides the com-
plete system. The user is directed through the initiali-
zation by a series of decision steps. The first step is to
choose a data file, either existing or new. Once the de-
sired file is selected, several options including data
collection, analysis, storage, and printing are select-
able. Ozone decomposition and the rapid reaction be-
tween ozone and cyclohexene in neutral solutions
were studied using the data acquisition system.
Keywords: 'Reaction kinetics, 'Spectrophotometry,
'Ozonization, "Data acquisition, "Water pollution, Cy-
clohexene, Ozone, Decomposition reactions,
Concentration(Composition), Analog to digital convert-
ers, Data processing, Solutions, Laboratory equip-
ment, Chemical laboratories, Minicomputers, Reprints,
Computer aided diagnostics, Interactive systems.
PB84-177518	Not available NTIS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Use of Artificial Wetlands to Remove Nitrogen
from Wastewater. Journal article.
Ecological Research Associates, Davis, CA.
R. M. Gersberg, B. V. Elkins, and C. R. Goldman.
C1984,9p EPA-600/J-84-008
Grant EPA-R-807299
Prepared in cooperation with San Diego Water Recla-
mation Agency, Santee, CA., and California Univ.,
Davis. Div. of Environmental Studies.
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Pollution Control Federation, v56
n2 p152-156 Feb 84.
Studies of artificial wetlands at Santee, California, fo-
cused on nitrogen removal from municipal
wastewaters using lower-cost alternatives to methanol
to supply carbon to drive denitrification. Using plant
biomass, mulched and applied to the surface of the ar-
tificial marsh beds, mean removal efficiencies were
89% for TN at an application rate of 8.4 -12.5 cm per
day and 65% for TN at an application rate of 17 - 20
cm per day.
Keywords: "Aquaculture, "Denitrification, "Water rec-
lamation, "Sewage treatment, "Nitrogen, Substitutes,
Water quality, Biomass, Cost analysis, Biochemical
oxygen demand, Methyl alcohol, Plants(Botany),
Vegetation, Reprints, "Waste water reuse, "Wetlands,
'Biological processes, Santee(California).
PB84-177526	Not available NTIS
Unifying Quantitative Analysis of Soil Texture.
Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
M. A. Shirazi, and L Boersma. C1984,9p EPA-600/J-
84-007
Prepared in cooperation with Oregon State Univ., Cor-
vallis. Dept. of Soil Science.
Pub. in Soil Science Society of America Jnt., v48 p142-
1471984.
The soil texture triangle used by the U.S. Department
of Agriculture is converted into a new texture diagram
which contains all information in the original triangle,
but additionally, gives mean particle size and particle
size standard deviation of soil samples. Thus, mechan-
ical analysis information on percents of clay, silt, and
sand are found in a single unified system. The new dia-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
gram provides greater resolution in detecting classified
soil samples within a texture region, it can be extended
to cover coarse fragments, and other soil texture clas-
sifications can be incorporated into it.
Keywords: 'Soil texture, 'Particle size, 'Soil proper-
ties, "Mechanical tests, 'Soil classification, Statistical
analysis, Structural analysis, Standard deviation,
Clays, Silts, Sands, Reprints.
PB84-177534	Not available NTIS
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
First Measurements of Aerosol Particle Charging
by Free Electrons - A Preliminary Report. Journal
article,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
J. L. DuBard, J. R. McDonald, and L. E. Sparks. c1983,
9p EPA-600/J-83-196
Pub. in Jnl. of Aerosol Science, v14 n1 p5-10 1983.
The article describes the first-time isolation and meas-
urement of the charging of fine aerosol particles by
free electrons, from negative ionic charging. The
charge and size of individual particles were measured
in a Millikan cell, with charging electric field of 0.82 -
8.2 kV/cm. For particle sizes of 1.1 -1.7 micrometer di-
ameter, the particle charge values were much larger,
and increased faster with particle size, than those pre-
dicted and observed for negative ionic charging. The
particle charge values showed only slight dependence
on the charging electric field. (Copyright (c) 1983 Per-
gamon Press Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Aerosols, 'Free electrons,
'Charging, 'Air pollution, Fines, Change measuring in-
struments, Particle size, Ions, Charged particles, Elec-
tric fields, Reprints.
PB84-177542	Not available NTIS
Covarlate Measurements for Increasing the Preci-
sion of Plant Response to 03 and S02. Journal ar-
ticle,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. P. Ormrod, D. T. Tingey, and M. Gumpertz. c1983,
6p EPA-600/J-83-193
Prepared in cooperation with Guelph Univ. (Ontario).
Dept. of Horticultural Science and Northrop Services,
Inc., Corvallis, OR.
Pub. in HortScience, v18 n6 p896-898 1983.
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. ev. Grand Rapids) and
radish (Raphanus sativus L. cv. Cherry Belle) plants
growing at baseline environmental conditions were ex-
posed to charcoal-filtered air, 0.40 ppm (v/v) ozone,
and 0.80 ppm sulfur dioxide alone or in combination for
6 hours at 14 days from seeding. Analysis of covar-
iance was used to account for significant within-treat-
ment variation in plant growth. Covariates used were:
planar leaf area (PLA) at 14 days for leaf area, fresh
weight, and dry weight, and dry weight at harvest; plas-
tochron index (PI) at 14 days for PI at harvest; and hy-
pocotyl diameter for hypocotyl weights of radish roots
at harvest. The covariates reduced the variability
(Standard geometric errors) of the response variables
and increased the precision of statistical tests sub-
stantially for lettuce but much less for radish. For let-
tuce, the effect of the gas mixture on plant growth and
foliar injury was less severe than that of the single
gases. Radish plants, in contrast, exhibited no re-
sponse to S02 and the effects of 03 and the mixture
on foliar injury and plant growth were similar.
Keywords: 'Plants(Botany), 'Ozone, "Sulfur dioxide,
'Air pollution, Plant growth, Radish, Lettuce, Expo-
sure, Harvesting, Farm crops, Reprints, "Baseline
measurements.
PB84-177559	Not available NTIS
Problems with a Naflon (Trade Name) Membrane
Dryer for Drying Chromatographic Samples. Jour-
nal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
W F Burns, D. T. Tingey, R. C. Evans, and E. H. Bates.
c1983,12p EPA-600/J-83-192
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Corvallis, OR.
Pub. in Jnl. of Chromatography, v269 p1-9 1983.
A Nation membrane dryer was used to dry samples of
organic gases emitted by vegetation before chromato-
graphic separation to reduce water-related retention
time variations on a fused-silica column. The dryer
caused rearrangement of several monoterpenes and
removed several important oxygenated compounds
from the samples. Therefore, it was concluded the
Nafion dryer was not suitable for this application.
(Copyright (c) 1983 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.)
Keywords: "Dryers, "Membranes, "Samples, "Chro-
matographic analysis, "Air pollution, "Vegetation, Sep-
aration, Chemical analysis, Performance evaluation,
Molecular structure, Reprints, "Natural emissions, "Air
pollution detection.
PB84-177567/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Waterborne Disease Outbreaks - 1946-1980: A
Thirty-Five-Year Perspective. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
E. C. Lippy, and S. C. Waltrip. Feb 84,11p EPA-600/J-
84-009
Pub. in Jnl. of AWWA, v76 n2 p60-67 Feb 84.
The 672 outbreaks of waterborne disease that were
reported in the United States between 1946 and 1980
affected more than 150,000 persons. An analysis of
the data from these outbreaks provides information on
how often and where outbreaks occurred, as well as
on what caused them.
Keywords: "Infectious diseases. Public health, Re-
prints, "Waterborne diseases, Pathogens, "Water pol-
lution effects(Humans).
PB84-177641/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Comparative Analyses of Fish Populations in Nat-
urally Acidic and Circumneutral Lakes in Northern
Wisconsin. Air pollution and acid rain rept. (Final),
Fish and Wildlife Service, Kearneysville, WV, Eastern
Energy and Land Use Team.
J. G. Wiener. Oct 83,122p FWS/OBS-80/40.16
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Research and De-
velopment.
Fish populations in six naturally acidic (autumnal pH
5.1-6.0) and six circumneutral (autumnal pH 6.7-7.5)
clear-water lakes in north central Wisconsin were stud-
ied, and characteristics of fish populations and com-
munities in the lakes were compared. The two groups
of lakes were morphologically similar and of the same
hydrologic types, but differed substantially in pH, alka-
linity, waterborne calcium, and related chemical char-
acteristics. Fish communities in the acidic lakes con-
tained fewer species, and common as well as rare spe-
cies occurred with lower frequency in the acidic lakes
than in the circumneutral lakes.
Keywords: "Acidity, "Precipitation(Meteorology),
"Fishes, "Lakes, "Pollution, Clarification, Fresh water
fishes, Mathematical models, pH, Alkalinity, Stresses,
Minnows, Invertebrates, Growth, Mercury(Metal), Cal-
cium, Abundance, Density(Mass/volume), Wisconsin,
Air pollution effects(Animals), Heavy metals.
PB84-177724/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Toxic Substance Storage Tank Containment As-
surance and Safety Program: A Containment As-
surance and Safety Program for Toxic Materials in
Storage Tanks. Final rept. May 81-Dec 83,
Maryland Dept. of Health and Mental Hygiene, Balti-
more. Science and HeaJth Advisory Group.
J. C. Crosby. Dec 83,33p* MDHMH/OEP/SHAG-84-
01
Grant EPA-CS-807904-010
See also PB84-179159.
The awarding of a Section 28 TSCA grant by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency to the Maryland De-
partment of Health and Mental Hygiene's Office of En-
vironmental Programs through its Science and Health
Advisory Group, provided funding for the production of
several documents dealing with Containment Assur-
ance and Integrity of Storage Tanks Containing Toxic
Materials. The successful production of these materi-
als, together with their introduction to users and the
tank manufacturing industry at two management semi-
nars, has provided the State of Maryland and other
states that will use them, with the necessary informa-
tion and sources of information for developing and op-
erating effective storage tank safety programs. This
Final Report to EPA summarizes the work done under
the grant.
Keywords: "Storage tanks, "Hazardous materials,
Safety, Grants, Standards, Accident prevention. State
government, Regulations, Management planning,
Manufacturing, "Toxic substances, "Chemical spills.
PB84-177732/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Review and Assessment of the Effects of Pollut-
ant Mixtures on Vegetation - Research Recom-
mendations,
A.S.L. and Associates, Helena, MT.
A. S, Lefohn, and D. P. Ormrod. Feb 84,125p EPA-
600/3-84-037
Summary of Vegetation Effects Workshop held at Ra-
leigh, North Carolina on April 21 -22,1983,
The Clean Air Act requires that the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency establish national ambient air quality
standards for ambient air pollutants which may endan-
ger human health and welfare. Secondary ambient air
quality standards must be adequate to protect the
public welfare from any known or anticipated adverse
effects associated with the presence of a criteria air
pollutant. To help the Agency develop data that
assess the effects of pollutant mixtures on vegetation,
the EPA's Corvallis Environmental Research Labora-
tory sponsored a workshop in Raleigh, North Carolina
on April 21-22, 1983. Participants reviewed position
papers to (1) summarize the information gaps and
assess the significance of the problems associated
with pollutant mixture exposures that affect vegetation
and (2) identify and recommend activities that would
help the Agency fill these research needs. The report
includes both the position papers and the workshop
deliberations.
Keywords: "Vegetation, "Air pollution, Reviews, As-
sessments, Recommendations, Ecology,
Plants(Botany), Standards, Mixtures, Exposure, Na-
tional government, Sulfur dioxide. Nitrogen dioxide,
Ozone, Metabolism, "Air pollution effects(Plants), "Air
quality.
PB84-177740/HSU	PC A25/MF A01
Proceedings of the EPA-OECD (Environmental
Protection Agency-Organization of Economic Co-
operation and Development) International Con-
ference on Long Range Transport Models for
Photo Chemical Oxidants and Their Precursors
Held at Research Triangle Park, North Carolina on
April 12-14, 1983. Final rept.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Feb 84, 593p* EPA-600/9-84-006
Prepared in cooperation with Organization for Eco-
nomic Co-Operation and Development, Paris (France).
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and
the Organization for Economic Cooperation and De-
velopment (OECD) are concerned (1) by the fact that
the photochemical oxidant pollution problem, due to
large-scale formation or long-range atmospheric trans-
port, has international dimensions, and (2) by the lack
of ready-to-use methods for formulating optimum con-
trol strategies for regional oxidant reduction. In reac-
tion to these concerns, the U.S. EPA and OECD jointly
organized the international conference documented in
these proceedings. These proceedings contain pres-
entations made at the conference by some of the
world's foremost experts in the field of oxidant air qual-
ity modeling and presentations made by national ex-
perts on their countries' emissions inventories and air
quality monitoring activities. Also included are discus-
sions of the presentations, informal presentations,
panel discussions, and conference conclusions and
recommendations. Among the subjects discussed
were the need for and utility of regional oxidant
models, six regional models currently under develop-
ment. and available aerometric and emissions invento-
ry data bases in OECD countries.
Keywords: "Mathematical models, "Transport proper-
ties, "Photochemical reactions, "Oxidizers, "Meetings,
North America, Europe, Boundary layers, Comparison!
Information systems, "Air quality, Acid rain, Emission
inventories, Point sources.
PB84-177757/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Research for the Treatment of Organic* In Drink-
ing Water,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
O. T. Love, Jr., B. W. Lykins, Jr., R. M. Clark, and R. J.
Miltner. 1984, 10p EPA-600/D-84-104
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-Drinking
Water Research Division uses a three tiered approach
to research. The first step is bench-scale, where the
chemical behavior of the organic contaminant can be
investigated in a closely controlled environment. The
next level, pilot-scale, is an attempt to match the con-
taminant with an existing water treatment process. The
final step is to take the most promising treatment ideas
to the field for full-scale evaluation (to examine oper-
ational problems and costs) at one or more sites with
waters having the organic contaminant(s) of concern.
This sequential approach to treatment research is
being used on EPA-DWRD's three highest priority or-
ganic issues: volatile organic compounds, synthetic or-
ganic compounds, and disinfection by-products.
Keywords: "Water treatment, "Organic compounds,
Potable water. Research projects, Laboratories, Pilot
plants, Industrial plants, Field tests, Disinfection, Trace
elements, Volatile organic compounds, Synthetic or-
ganic compounds, Halomethanes.
PB84-177765/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Laboratory Evaluation of Tunable Atomic Line
Molecular Spectrometers for Benzene Analysis.
Final rept. Dec 81-Dec 83,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
D. R. Scott, and R. L. Hedgecoke. Apr 84,43p EPA-
600/4-84-030
Tunable Atomic Line Molecular Spectroscopy
(TALMS) is a high resolution, differential absorption
technique used in the ultraviolet region. Under Inter-
agency Agreements EPA-80-D-X1014 and AD-89-F-
2A008 with Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, two proto-
type TALMS instruments were designed, constructed,
and delivered to the U.S. EPA at Research Triangle
Park, North Carolina. TALMS I was a large laboratory
instrument designed to demonstrate the feasibility of
TALMS detection of toxic organic compounds. TALMS
II was a more compact monitor for benzene designed
for possible field applications. Both instruments were
evaluated in the laboratory for performance character-
istics in the analysis of benzene using the 253.7 nm
mercury line. The tests included detection limit, preci-
sion, effect of temperature (TALMS I), effect of pres-
sure (TALMS II), and interferences from organic com-
pounds other than benzene. The prototype instru-
ments evaluated can detect benzene precisely above
the detection limit of 6 microgram. The apparent inter-
ferences from toluene and pyridine are relatively small
and may be artifacts which can be eliminated with im-
provements in electronic signal processing. It was rec-
ommended that changes to the sample cell and elec-
tronics be made to improve the detection limit and that
extension of the capabilities of TALMS to other organic
compounds be made.
Keywords: 'Laboratory equipment, "Gas detectors,
"Air pollution, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis, Sam-
pling, Performance evaluation, Design criteria, Cali-
brating, Feasibility, Benzenes, "Benzene, "Tunable
atomic line molecular spectroscopy, "Air pollution de-
tection, "Toxic substances, Procedures.
PB84-177799/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste. Proceedings
of the Annual Research Symposium (10th) at Ft.
Mitchell, Kentucky Held on April 3-5, 1984. Final
rept. Jul 83-Jul 84.
JACA Corp., Fort Washington, PA.
Apr 84,263p EPA-600/9-84-007
Contract EPA-68-03-3131
See also PB84-118777.
The Tenth Annual Research Symposium on land dis-
posal, remedial action, incineration and treatment of
hazardous waste was held in Fort Mitchell, Kentucky
April 3 through 5,1984. The purpose of the Symposi-
um was to present the latest significant research find-
ings of ongoing and recently completed projects
funded by the Solid and Hazardous Waste Research
Division of the Municipal Environmental Research
Laboratory and the Energy Pollution Control Division of
the Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory to
persons concerned with hazardous waste manage-
ment. These proceedings are for Session A, Hazard-
ous Waste Land Disposal. Papers presented by Sym-
posium speakers and poster presentation Abstracts in
the areas of (1) Remedial Action (2) Pollutant Assess-
ment and (3) Pollutant Control are compiled. Subjects
discussed include landfill design and operation, waste
leaching and analyses, pollutant migration and control,
waste modification, surface impoundments, technolo-
gy assessment, remedial action techniques and cost/
economics. This document covers Hazardous Waste
Land Disposal only. A separate document concerned
with Hazardous Waste Incineration and Treatment will
be published by the Industrial Environmental Research
Laboratory.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Solid waste dispos-
al, 'Meetings, Earth fills, Assessments, Leaching, Cost
analysis, Design criteria, Transport properties, Water
pollution, Industrial wastes, Air pollution, Sites, "Land
disposal, Surface impoundments, Environmental
transport.
PB84-177807/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Water Filtration at Duluth,
Duluth Water and Gas Dept., MN.
F. X. Schleppenbach. Apr 84,127p EPA-600/2-84-083
Grant EPA-S-804221
After partial completion of the Lakewood Filtration
Plant at Duluth, studies were begun with funding pro-
vided by the demonstration grant. Research covered a
variety of topics and was done with a 10 gpm pilot
plant located at the filtration plant, with the full scale
plant operating at 20 MGD and 30 MGD, and in por-
tions of the water distribution system. Water treatment
plant sludge disposal also was studied. An extensive
program of raw and filtered water quality monitoring
was conducted. Monitoring techniques evaluated at
Duluth included the transmission electron microscope
for fiber counting, x-ray diffraction for amphibole mass,
two types of particle counters, and two turbidimeters.
Chemical treatment aspects studied included the
effect of point of fluoride addition on alum coagulation
and the use of inhibitors to control corrosion that oc-
curred after alum coagulation was undertaken. Natural
freezing was found to be a very effective means of
dewatering alum sludge.
Keywords: "Water treatment, "Filtration, "Sludge dis-
posal, Dewatering, X ray diffraction, Electron micros-
copy, Potable water, Freezing, Water quality, Minneso-
ta, Duluth(Minnesota), Chemical treatment.
PB84-177815/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Alternative Sewer Systems in the United States,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Div.
J. F. Kreissl. 1984,38p* EPA-600/D-84-095
The problem of sewering small communities is gener-
ally one of prohibitive economics. In response to this
problem alternative sewering methods which are lower
in cost than conventional gravity sewers have been
developed over the past two decades. The major alter-
native sewering methods are pressure, vacuum and
small-diameter gravity systems. Their history costs
and performance to date are discussed in a compre-
hensive manner.
Keywords: 'Rural areas, "Sewers, "Communities,
Waste disposal, Economic factors, Cost analysis,
Gravity, Pressure, Vacuum, Diameters, History,
Design, Sewer pipes, Topography, Performance eval-
uation, Pumping, Capitalized costs, Head losses, Na-
tional government. Grants, Hydrogeology, Climate,
Population growth, "Alternative planning, Small com-
munities.
PB84-177831/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Slurry Trench Construction lor Pollution Migration
Control. Final rept. 15 Apr 62-20 Jul 83,
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
P. A. Spooner, R. S. Wetzel, C. E. Spooner, C. A.
Furman, and E. F. Tokarski. Feb 84,258p* EPA-540/
2-84-001
Contract EPA-68-03-3113
The handbook provides in-depth guidance on the use
of slurry walls for the control of subsurface pollutants,
it describes how these barriers can be employed for
waste site remediation and presents the theory of their
function and use. The handbook describes the essen-
tial elements of slurry wall feasibility, design, and con-
struction. It also presents information on site investiga-
tion, associated remedial measures, maintenance and
monitoring, and major cost elements. The handbook
concludes with a series of evaluation criteria that cor-
respond to the stages of a slurry wall installation. A
Glossary of commonly used terms is also included.
The handbook provides governmental and industrial
technical personnel with the means of evaluating es-
sential aspects of the application of this technique to
the clean-up of uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. In
conjunction with other publications in this series, it will
assist in meeting the national goal of a cleaner, safer
environment.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, "Solid waste disposal,
"Handbooks, "Pollution control, Sites, Permeability,
Trenching, Transport properties, Design criteria,
Leaching, Groundwater, Water pollution, Performance
evaluation, "Land disposal, "Slurry walls. State of the
art.
PB84-177849/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Partitioning of Toxic Trace Metals between Solid
and Liquid Phases in the Great Lakes,
Cranbrook Inst, of Science, Bloomfield Hills, Ml.
K. R. Rygwelski. Apr 84,26p EPA-600/D-84-098
Grant EPA-R-804442
The interaction between particulate matter and trace
metal species in the water column plays an important
role in metals transport and fate throughout the Great
Lakes environment. Where there is strong sorption of
a metal by particulates and settling is involved, then
the metal should not be regarded as a conservative
substance in the water column. Dolan and Bierman
(1982) modeled the transport of trace metals in Sagi-
naw Bay, Lake Huron, and found that a large percent-
age of the cadmium, lead and zinc were lost to the
sediments via metal association with particulates sus-
pended in water. Enrichment of cadmium, lead, zinc
and copper was found in surface sediments of Lakes
Superior and Huron by Kemp et al, (1978) and of Lakes
Ontario and Erie by Kemp and Thomas (1976). Dredg-
ing operations and water turbulence can resuspend
these particulates and sorbed metals may be subse-
quently released again to the water column.
Keywords: "Metals, "Toxicity, "Sediments, "Water pol-
lution, "Great Lakes, Lead(Metal), Zinc, Trace ele-
ments, Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, Lake Superior,
Fishes, Particulates, "Path of pollutants.
PB84-177856/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Effects of Traffic Speed on the Ambient Pollutant
Concentration Near Roadways,
New York State Dept. of Environmental Conservation,
Albany.
W. B. Petersen, R. E. Eskridge, S. T. Rao, and V.
Pagnotti. 1984,19p EPA-600/D-84-102
Grant EPA-810475
In the numerical roadway model, the vehicle wake dif-
fusion is dependent upon the turbulent kinetic energy,
which is proportional to the square of the relative wind
speed on the moving vehicles. This model predicts
that turbulent mixing and hence pollutant concentra-
tion on and downwind of the roadway are dependent
on the vehicle speeds. The Long Island Expressway
CO data provide an opportunity to test the theoretical
predictions on the effect of traffic speed on the ambi-
ent concentrations. It is observed that the traffic speed
does not affect the dispersion process as long as the
ambient atmospheric conditions are neutral or unsta-
ble. Sufficient data are not available to quantify the role
of traffic speed on the ambient concentrations down-
wind of the roadway under stable atmospheric condi-
tions. Since commonly used Gaussian dispersion
models do not account for traffic generated turbulence
properly, it is possible that the current versions of
these models underestimate pollutant concentration
adjacent to the roadway under stable atmospheric
conditions with low traffic speeds.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Roads, "Traffic surveys,
"Mathematical models, "Wake detection, "Exhaust
emissions, Turbulence, Concentration(Composition),
Velocity, Carbon monoxide, Wind velocity.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB84-177864/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Disinfection and the Control of Waterborne Giar-
diasis,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
J. C. Hotl, E. W. Rice, and F. W. Schaefer, III. 1984,
10p EPA-600/D-84-101
In the early 1970's, when giardiasis began to be recog-
nized as an important waterborne disease, the under-
standing of the effects of disinfectants on the cysts of
the etiologic agent, Giardia lamblia, was extremely lim-
ited. The results of more recent studies, using im-
proved methods for determining cyst viability indicate
that Giardia cysts are more resistant to inactivation by
drinking water disinfectants than other waterborne
bacterial and viral pathogens but are not as highly re-
sistant as indicated by earlier studies. The data now
available indicate that rigorously controlled disinfec-
tion practices are essential in preventing waterborne
transmission of giardiasis.
Keywords: "Disinfection, "Giardiasis, Parasitic dis-
eases, Public health, "Water pollution control.
PB84-177872/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Economic Impact Analysis of Effluent Limitations
and Standards for the Nonferrous Metals Manu-
facturing Industry, Phase 1. Final rept.
Policy Planning and Evaluation, Inc., McLean, VA.
Feb 84, 249p* EPA-440/2-84-004
Contract EPA-68-01-6731
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency issued ef-
fluent limitations guidelines and standards for the Non-
ferrous Metals Manufacturing Industry in February
1984. This report estimates the economic impact of
pollution control costs in terms of price changes, ef-
fects on profitability, continued viability of plants, and
other effects. A plant-specific approach is used to
assess these impacts for ten metal subcategories,
which comprise one phase of this industry. For most of
these subcategories, the impacts are expected to be
minimal.
Keywords: "Metal industry, "Economic impact, "Water
pollution control, Assessments, Guidelines, State gov-
ernment, Water quality, Cost estimates, Cost analysis,
Aluminum, Copper, Lead(Metal), Zinc, Silver, Trends,
Tantalum, Prices, Tungsten, Sludge disposal, "Water
pollution economics.
PB84-177898/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Surface Treatment Agents for Protection of
Shorelines from OH Spills. Final rept. 1975-79,
Woodward-Clyde Consultants, San Francisco, CA.
C. R. Foget, R. W. Castle, S. Naughton, J. D. Sartor,
and M. Miller. Apr 84,149p* EPA-600/2-84-085
Grant EPA-R-804639
Prepared in cooperation with URS Research Co., San
Mateo, CA., and Texas Research Inst., In., Austin.
A literature review and laboratory tests were conduct-
ed to provide a basis for analyzing the results of previ-
ous tests on surface treatment agents, compare agent
effectiveness, and recommend agents for preliminary
field tests. The surface treatment agents evaluated
during the preliminary tests were film-forming agents,
dispersing agents, and a surface collecting agent.
From the results of these tests, two film-forming
agents, polyvinyl acetate and xanthan gum, a surface
collecting agent, and a flowing film of water were rec-
ommended and tested during full-scale field tests at
Sewaren Beach, New Jersey. The results of the full-
scale field tests showed that polyvinyl acetate provid-
ed both beach and marsh test plots with the most ef-
fective long-term protection. The toxic effects of the
various agents on the Eastern Blue Crab and cord
grass (Spartina foliosa) were also evaluated.
Keywords: "Shore protection, "Water pollution, Field
tests, Dlspersants, Sodium silicates, Sodium borates,
Polyvinyl acetate, Performance evaluation, Citrus
fruits "Oil spills, "Surface treatment agents, "Oil pollu-
tion containment, Xanthan gum, Oil retention booms.
PB84-177906/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab-Cincinnati,
OH.
124 Vol. 90, No. 24
Investigation of Coal Mine Effluents: Regrade to
Bond Release. Final rept. Oct 78-Oct 81,
HRB-Singer, Inc., State College, PA.
M. F. Bucek, and C. R. Gander. Mar 84,132p EPA-
600/7-84-051
Contract EPA-68-03-2762
This report describes a fact-finding project with the ob-
jective of characterizing the effluents draining from
surface-mined lands that are at various stages of rec-
lamation preceding final release of bond. To produce
the characterizations, water quality samples were col-
lected from sedimentation pond inflow and outflow on
a daily basis when flow was present, and hourly during
runoff events at eight monitoring sites located in Ohio,
West Virginia, Kentucky, Illinois, Kansas, Texas, North
Dakota, and Montana. In addition, 50 sites located
throughout the major U.S. coal mining regions were
sampled once during or shortly after a storm event
and/or evaluated with respect to water handling prac-
tices.
Keywords: "Coal mining, "Mine waters, "Land recla-
mation, "Water pollution, Runoff, Sampling, Draining,
Storms, Water quality, Lagoons(Ponds), States(United
States), Water storage, Sites.
PB84-177922/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Movement of Phosphorus In Soil,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
C. G. Enfield, R. S. Kerr, and R. Ellis, Jr. 1984, 38p*
EPA-600/D-84-091
Prepared in cooperation with Kansas State Univ., Man-
hattan.
The disappearance of phosphate from soil solution re-
sults from a fast initial sorption reaction followed by a
much slower transformation of phosphate to amor-
phous and crystalline precipitates of iron, aluminum,
and calcium. The kinetics of the transformation have
been determined at a phenomenological level and
often shown to follow Elovich or first-order equations.
Kinetic models are applied to laboratory data to de-
scribe step response of phosphorus and quasi-steady
state response of phosphorus in soil columns. Results
indicate a first-order kinetic equation gives an ade-
quate description of phosphorus movement in soil col-
umns when the water velocity is known.
Keywords: "Phosphorus, "Soil water, "Soil chemistry,
Sorption,	Chemical	reactions,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Iron, Aluminum, Calcium,
Mathematical models. Reaction kinetics, "Path of pol-
lutants.
PB84-177930/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Atmospheric Volatile Hydrocarbon Composition
at Five Remote Sites In Northwestern North Caro-
lina,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
R. L. Seila, R. R. Arnts, and J. W. Buchanan. Apr 84,
20p EPA-600/D-84-092
Prepared in cooperation with Appalachian State Univ.,
Boone, NC.
The results of a study to measure the volatile hydro-
carbon composition of the atmosphere at several sites
in the southern Appalachian Mountains of northwest-
ern North Carolina are presented. Ambient air was
sampled repeatedly at five geographically and botani-
cally different remote sites from September 1981 to
October 1982. In addition, limited sampling was done
in and just outside the town of Boone, NC. Samples
were collected in stainless steel canisters and ana-
lyzed for C-2 to C-12 hydrocarbons by gas chromatog-
raphy with flame ionization detection. The nonmeth-
ane total hydrocarbon concentrations at the remote
sites ranged from 32 to 132 ppbC. The range of identi-
fied paraffins, olefins, and aromatics concentrations
was 7 to 65 ppbC, 1 to 8 ppbC, and 2 to 20 ppbC, re-
spectively. Isoprene and alpha-pinene made up a
small portion of NMTHC, ranging from less than 0.05
to 13 ppbC and less than 0.05 to 9 ppbC, respectively.
Unknown peaks eluting mostly in the post-C-9 region
of the chromatogram were a significant portion of the
NMTHC, ranging from 13 to 108 ppbC. The identity
and source of the unknown compounds are not well
understood, although some of them are probably bio-
genic. Isoprene and alpha-pinene displayed a distinct
seasonal variation related to ambient temperature:
whereas, acetylene and the sum of paraffins, olefins,
and aromatics showed no seasonal variation.
Keywords: "Gas analysis, "Air pollution. Sites, North
Carolina, Hydrocarbons, Chemical analysis, Gas chro-
matography, Sampling, Appalachian Mountains,
"Volatile organic compounds, "Air pollution sampling,
"Air pollution detection, Flame ionization detectors.
PB84-177948/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Iron-Containing Coatings on Asbestos-Cement
Pipes Exposed to Aggressive Water,
Cincinnati Univ., OH.
J. R. Millette, and R. N. Kinman. 1984, 20p EPA-600/
D-84-090
Prepared in cooperation with Cincinnati Univ., Oh.
Coatings containing iron were found on asbestos-
cement pipes exposed to a range of water qualities
from very aggressive to nonaggressive. Under aggres-
sive water conditions iron coatings had a granular,
porous structure that prevented asbestos fibers from
being exposed on the surface of the pipes but did not
necessarily prevent leaching of calcium from the interi-
or of the pipe (several millimeters from the surface). A
modified durometer showed promise as a hand-held
instrument for the assessment of A/C pipe softening in
the field. The numerical value of hardness given was
related to the amount of calcium leached from the pipe
but was not directly related to the amount of fiber ex-
posed on the surface of the pipe.
Keywords: "Protective coatings, "Asbestos cement
products, "Water pipes, Degradation, Deterioration,
Leaching.
PB84-177971/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Data Management for Quality Assurance, Journal
article,
Research Triangte Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
C. E. Tatsch, D. E. Lentzen, and G. L. Johnson. Apr 84,
9p EPA-600/D-84-103
Contract EPA-68-02-3146
The article describes the application of quality assur-
ance (OA) principles to two programs supporting
EPA's Environmental Assessment Data System
(EADS). The ultimate objective of any measurement
program is the creation of data that is processed to
provide information. The development of information
(e.g., trends, parameter estimates) from data is a proc-
ess that may be as difficult as the data production, if
not more so. Application of QA principles to this inter-
pretive phase of information production includes: (1)
data acquisition (human/machine interface), (2) verifi-
cation (range- and relational-checking), (3) data proc-
essing (transfer, transformations, and reduction), and
(4) presentation of results (comparability, ease of inter-
pretation).
Keywords: "Information systems, "Quality assurance,
"Environmental surveys, Data processing, Data acqui-
sition, Verifying, "Environmental assessment data
system.
PB84-177989/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Ozone on Plants in the United States,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. T. Tingey. Apr 84,20p* EPA-600/D-84-097
Foliar injury to vegetation is one of the earliest and
most obvious manifestations of 03 injury. However,
the 03 effects are not limited to visible injury; impacts
can range from reduced plant growth, decreased yield,
changes in crop quality and alterations in susceptibility
to abiotic and biotic stresses. The plant foliage is the
primary site of 03 effects, although significant second-
ary effects can occur throughout the plant. Ozone has
been identified as the most important phytotoxic air
pollutant in terms of area impacted and as a cause of
reduced plant performance. Ozone is an imposed envi-
ronmental variable that can be detected, monitored
and sometimes quantified by observing specific re-
sponses on sensitive plants. Ozone impacts a wide
range of plant species; these 03-sensitive species and
cultivars are distributed throughout the United States
Although 03 has been shown to reduce plant yields
more research is needed to estimate yield loss for ad-
ditional cultivars and species. More information is
needed to determine the characteristics of the expo-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sponse. Studies need to be conducted to determine
the influence of major environmental factors on 03-re-
sponse thresholds.
Keywords.' 'Ozone, 'Plants(Botany), *Air pollution,
United States, Vegetation, Farm crops, Plant growth,
Environmental impacts, "Air pollution effects(Plants).
PB84-178052/HSU	PC E99/MF E99
Application for Certification 1984 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1984, 4453p-in 3v
Set includes PB84-178060 through PB84-178086. See
also PB84-124387.
No abstract available.
PB84-178060/HSU	PC$19.50/MF$4.80
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1984 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Honda.
American Honda Motor Co., Inc., Gardena, CA.
1984, 75p EPA/460-A-84-19
See also PB82-148800 and PB84-178078.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB84-178052.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, Exhaust emissions, Exhaust
systems, Automotive industry, Air pollution control,
Regulations, Manufacturers, Fuel systems, Automo-
bile engines, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Honda automo-
biles, 'Emission control, Fugitive emissions, Motor ve-
hicles(1984 models), "Certification, 'Compliance, En-
vironmental Protection Agency, Emission tests, Ameri-
can Honda Motor Company, Incorporated.
PB84-178078/HSU	PCS223.50/MFS15.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1984 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Nissan.
Nissan Motor Co. Ltd., Yokohama (Japan).
1984, 3302p EPA/460-A-84-20
See also PB82-148859, PB84-178060 and PB84-
178086.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB84-178052.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Automobiles, Engines, Fuel systems, Ex-
haust systems, Exhaust emissions, Automotive indus-
try, Regulations, Manufacturers, Air pollution control,
'Light duty vehicles, 'Nissan automobiles, 'Emission
control, Fugitive emissions, Motor vehicles(1984
models), Certification, 'Compliance, Environmental
Protection Agency, Nissan Motor Company, LTD,
Emission tests.
PB84-178086/HSU	PCS80.00/MFS8.10
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1984 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Isuzu.
Isuzu Motors America, Inc., Southfield, Ml.
1984,1076p EPA/460-A-84-27
See also PB83-196238 and PB84-178078.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB84-178052.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Automobiles, Exhaust emissions, Exhaust
systems, Automotive industry, Air pollution control,
Regulations. Manufacturers, Fuel systems, Automo-
bile engines, "Light duty vehicles, "Isuzu automobiles,
'Emission control, Fugitive emissions, Motor vehi-
cles(1984 models), Certification, "Compliance, Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Isuzu Motors America,
Incorporated, Emission tests.
PB84-178094/HSU	PC E99/MF E99
Application for Certification 1984 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engine*.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1984,1609p-in6v
Set includes PB84-178102 through PB84-178151. See
also PB84-124544.
No abstract available.
PB84-178102/HSU	PCS23.00/MFS5.10
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. DC.
Application for Certification 1984 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engines - Hino.
Hino Motors Ltd., Tokyo (Japan).
1984,126p EPA/460-A-84-21
See also PB84-178110.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB84-178094.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he Intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Truck engines, "Diesel engines, Exhaust
emissions, Exhaust systems, Automotive industry, Air
pollution control, Regulations, Manufacturers, Fuel
systems, 'Heavy duty engines, 'Emission control,
Heavy duty engines(1984 models), Fugitive emissions,
Certification, 'Compliance, Hino Motors, Ltd, Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Emission tests.
PB84-178110/HSU	PCI22.00/MFS5.10
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1984 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engines - International Harvester.
International Harvester Co., Melrose Park, IL.
1984,115p EPA/460-A-84-22
See also PB83-196295, PB84-178102 and PB84-
178128.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB84-178094.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Truck engines, 'Diesel engines, Exhaust
emissions, Exhaust systems, Automotive industry, Air
pollution control, Regulations, Manufacturers, Fuel
systems, 'Heavy duty engines, 'Emission control,
Heavy duty engines) 1984 models), Fugitive emissions,
Certification, Compliance, International Harvester,
Environmental Protection Agency, Emission tests.
PB84-178128/HSU	PCS44.50/MFS6.30
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. DC.
Application for Certification 1984 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engines - IVECO.
IVECO Trucks ofNorth America, Inc., Blue Bell, PA.
1984, 490p EPA/460-A-84-23
See also PB84-178110 and PB84-178136.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB84-178094.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, sen/ice accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Truck engines, 'Diesel engines, Exhaust
emissions, Exhaust systems, Automotive industry, Air
pollution control, Regulations, Manufacturers, Fuel
systems, 'Heavy duty engines, 'Emission control,
Heavy duty engines(1984 models), Fugitive emissions,
Certification, 'Compliance, Iveco Truck of North Amer-
ica Incorporated, Environmental Protection Agency,
Emission tests.
PB84-178136/HSU	PCS36.50/MFS5.70
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1984 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines ¦ General Motors.
General Motors Proving Ground, Milford, Ml.
1984, 357p EPA/460-A-84-24
See also PB83-196287, PB84-178128 and PB84-
178144.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB84-178094.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Truck engines, 'Diesel engines, Exhaust
emissions, Exhaust systems, Automotive industry. Air
pollution control, Regulations, Manufacturers, Fuel
systems, "Heavy duty engines, "Emission control,
Heavy duty engines(1984 models), Fugitive emissions,
Certification, "Compliance, General Motors Corpora-
tion, Environmental Protection Agency, Emission
tests.
PB84-178144/HSU	PC$38.50/MF$6.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1984 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engines - Mack Trucks.
Mack Trucks, Inc., Hagerstown, MD.
1984, 387p EPA/460-A-84-25
See also PB83-196311, PB84-178136 and PB84-
178151.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB84-178094.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Truck engines, "Diesel engines, Exhaust
emissions, Exhaust systems, Automotive industry, Air
pollution control, Regulations, Manufacturers, Fuel
systems, "Heavy duty engines, "Emission control,
Heavy duty engines(1984 models), Fugitive emissions,
Certification, "Compliance, Mack Trucks, Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Emission tests.
PB84-178151/HSU	PC$23.50/MF$5.10
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1984 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engines - Mercedes-Benz.
Mercedes-Benz of North America, Inc., Montvale, NJ.
1984,134p EPA/460-A-84-26
See also PB83-141556 and PB84-178144.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB84-178094.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Truck engines, "Diesel engines, Exhaust
emissions, Exhaust systems. Automotive industry. Air
pollution control, Regulations, Manufacturers, Fuel
systems, "Heavy duty engines, Emission control,
Heavy duty engines(1984 models), Fugitive emissions
Certification, "Compliance, Mercedes Benz of North
126 Vol. 90, No. 24
America Incorporated, Environmental Protection
Agency, Emission tests.
PB84-178417/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Particulate Data Reduction System (PADRE) User
Guide. Rept. for Jun 81-Apr 83,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
W. M. Yeager, and C. E. Tatsch. Apr 84, 50p EPA-600/
8-84-012
Contract EPA-68-02-3146
The report, a user guide, describes the capabilities and
use of the Particulate Data Reduction (PADRE)
system, an interactive computer program that facili-
tates entry, reduction, and analysis of cascade impac-
tor data for particle size distributions. Example ses-
sions are provided to illustrate the system's capabili-
ties. Calculations, algorithms, and messages are docu-
mented in a separate PADRE reference manual.
PADRE was developed to ensure the quality of data in-
cluded in the Fine Particle Emissions Information
System (FPEIS), which is the particle size measure-
ments component of the Environmental Assessment
Data Systems (EADS). Users control the logical flow
through the system in response to prompts from the
program. PADRE can be used to store, review, edit,
and analyze data and, through a variety of data
checks, to identify invalid or suspect data. Impactor
stage cut points can be calculated; cumulative and dif-
ferential mass concentrations can be determined and
interpolated to standard diameters. The PADRE
system, installed at EPA's National Computation
Center at Research Triangle Park, may be made avail-
able to users of cascade impactors.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Particle size distribution,
"Information systems, "Manuals, Computer programs,
"Cascade impactors, "Particulate data reduction
system, Computer applications, Environmental as-
sessment data system.
PB84-178425/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Multielemental Analytical Techniques for Hazard-
ous Waste Analysis: The State-of-the-Art. Project
rept. Jun 81-Jun 82,
Montgomery (James M.), Inc., Pasadena, CA.
J. A. Oppenheimer, A. D. Eaton, L. Y. C. Leong, and T.
A. Hinners. Apr 84,111 p* EPA-600/4-84-028
Contract EPA-68-03-3076
Based on a comprehensive review of the literature, the
multielemental techniques of inductively coupled
plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP), x-ray flu-
orescence (XRF) and instrumental neutron activation
analysis (INAA) have been compared for the determi-
nation of antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, cadmi-
um, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, seleni-
um, silver, thallium and zinc in hazardous waste matri-
ces. These particular elements were chosen because
they are on the list for classifying a waste as hazard-
ous or on EPA's Priority Pollutant list. Each technique
is discussed with respect to theory, anticipated inter-
ferences, correction techniques, precision, accuracy,
detection limits and cost. This literature review indi-
cates that there has not been sufficient analytical work
on complex matrices to fully compare these three
techniques for many of the priority pollutant elements.
For those elements with a sufficient database to com-
pare precision and accuracy by the three techniques
(arsenic, barium, chromium, lead, nickel and zinc), ICP
has the advantages of lower detection limits and
higher precision, whereas XRF may be very useful as a
preliminary screening technique due to its ability to
provide rapid semi-quantitative data even at trace
levels. XRF and ICP have significant cost advantages
over INAA, requiring much less capital expenditure
and lower labor costs.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Chemical analysis,
"Solid waste disposal, X ray fluorescence, X ray analy-
sis, Metals, Comparison, Neutron activation analysis,
Classification, Emission spectroscopy, Assessments,
Soil analysis, Performance evaluation, "Waste man-
agement, Inductively coupled plasma optical emission
spectroscopy, State of the art.
PB84-178466/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Basic Water Monitoring Program.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Monitoring and Data Support Div.
May 78, 57p EPA-440/9-76-025
The Basic Water Monitoring Program was developed
to bring structure and order to State Monitoring Pro-
grams in response to Public Law 92-500. (1) The pro-
gram is designed to redirect State monitoring from
fixed-station single discharge to an intensive survey
approach. (2) Identify dischargers and assess their
water quality impact. (3) Define number and type of
stations operated by States. (4) Provide a coordinated
nationwide assessment of selected toxic pollutants.
(5) Ensure that data collected are used in decision-
making process and to educate the public and inform
the Congress.
Keywords: "Water quality, "Water pollution, "Quality
assurance, Assessments, Law(Jurisprudence), Sur-
veys, Sampling, Aquatic biology, State government,
"Toxic substances, "Monitoring, Biological processes,
Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of
1972.
PB84-178482/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Interlaboratory Comparison Study: Methods for
Volatile and Semivolatile Compounds. Response
rept. no. 1, May 82-Jan 84.
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Mar 84, 379p EPA-600/4-84-027
Contract EPA-68-03-3098
Routine monitoring of the organic constitutents of haz-
ardous waste is a priority task for the Environmental
Protection Agency. Ultimately, the goal of routine mon-
itoring must be the production of reliable data but the
diversity of organic chemicals and the complexity of
hazardous waste forms make monitoring a difficult
task. A fundamental requirement for environmental
monitoring is the availability of reliable analytical meth-
odology for the identification and quantitation of organ-
ic compounds. This methodology must be of proven
sensitivity, accuracy and precision: it must also be
facile and applicable to as many organic compounds
and hazardous waste types as possible. Lastly, the
methodology should be acceptable to a broad spec-
trum of the scientific community. One way to ensure
the scientific acceptability of methodology is to prove
its sensitivity, precision, and accuracy utilizing strict
guidelines for conducting an interlaboratory test pro-
gram. The guidelines provided to the interlaboratory
test participants in this program included test protocols
for volatile and semivolatile analysis, test samples and
standards, quality assurance guidance and directions
for reading and submitting data. In Phase I and II of this
study, methods for the analytical determination of vola-
tile and semivolatile organic compounds in hazardous
wastes were selected. These methods were then
modified and tested in a single-laboratory evaluation.
The final task, Phase III of the overall project, subject-
ed the protocols and the experience from Phases I and
II to an interlaboratory test.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Chemical analysis,
Comparison, Sampling, Guidelines, Laboratory equip-
ment, Calibrating, Organic compounds, Quality control,
"Volatile organic compounds, "Solid wastes, Monitor-
ing, Procedures.
PB84-178649/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Long-Term Continuous Monitor Demonstration
Program: Columbus and Southern Ohio Electric
Company, Conesvllle Unit 6. Final rept. Dec 79-Mar
83,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
E. F. Peduto, Jr., T. J. Porter, and D. P. Midgley. Mar
84,114p GCA-TR-83-35-G, EPA-600/7-84-047
Contract EPA-68-02-2687
The report gives results of a continuous monitoring
demonstration at the Columbus and Southern Ohio
Electric Company's Conesville Generating Station
The purpose of the demonstration was to determine
the feasibility of the requirements for monitoring and
control of S02 emissions as specified in 40 CFR, Part
60, Subpart Da, which promulgates new source per-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
erators. A secondary objective was to adhere to the
draft quality assurance requirements scheduled for
promulgation as Appendix F. The report describes pro-
gram activities and results of the field portion, during
which data were collected for about 12 months of a 16-
month period.
Keywords: 'Electric power plants, *Air pollution con-
trol, "Sulfur dioxide, 'Monitors, Combustion products,
Industrial wastes. Nitrogen oxides. Performance eval-
uation, Economic analysis, Operational costs, Stand-
ards, Tables(Data), Process charting, 'Air pollution
sampling, New source performance standards.
PB84-178656/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Estimating Costs of Granular Activated Carbon
Treatment for Water and Wastewater. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
G. DeWolf, R. Hern, and P. Storm. Mar 84, 256p EPA-
600/2-84-079
Contract EPA-68-03-3038
This report discusses design considerations and pre-
sents system module costs for conceptual cost esti-
mating of granular activated carbon systems for water
and wastewater treatment. It illustrates the develop-
ment of total system costs using the system module
costs. Section 2 of the report describes the back-
ground for granular activated carbon use in three appli-
cation areas: drinking water, municipal wastewater,
and industrial wastewater treatment. Section 3 covers
design considerations for GAC systems. Section 4 de-
scribes process modules and presents modular cost
data in terms of direct capital costs and processing ex-
penses. In Section 5, the modular costs are combined
and developed into system costs.
Keywords: 'Activated carbon treatment, "Sewage
treatment, Cost estimates, Waste water reuse, Granu-
lar materials. Potable water, Municipalities, Industrial
waste treatment, Design criteria, Adsorption, Carbon,
Storage, Regeneration(Engineering), Modules, Sensi-
tivity analysis.
PB84-178839/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Special Fund for Abatement of Combined Sewer
Overflow Pollution in Marine Bays and Estuaries
(The Marine CSO Fund), Guidance for the Prepara-
tion and Review of Applications.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Jan 84,13p*
This guidance describes the special fund for abate-
ment of combined sewer overflow pollution in marine
bays and estuaries. It provides the applicant, State and
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) personnel
with a description of: the contents of a complete appli-
cation, the procedure for State and EPA review and
evaluation of an application, the evaluation and priority
criteria, and technical guidance for the preparation of a
application.
Keywords: "Combined sewers, "Water pollution
abatement, "Estuaries, *Bays(Landforms), Legisla-
tion, History, Construction, Grants, Cost analysis,
Project planning, Evaluation, States(United States),
Swimming, Benefit cost analysis, Construction Grants
Program.
PB84-178953	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Kinetics Study of Chloride In Rat. Journal article,
New Jersey Medical School, Newark. Dept. of Pharma-
cology.
D. H. Suh, and M. S. Abdel-Rahman. c1983,11 p EPA-
600/J-83-197
Grant EPA-R-807473
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health
12, p467-473 1983.
The kinetics of chloride were studied in Sprague-
Dawley rats following the oral administration of
Na36CI. The half-life for (36)CI(-1) absorption from
plasma was 19.2 hr corresponding to a rate constant
of 0.0361 hr, while the half-life for (36)CI(-1) elimination
from plasma was 51.9 hr corresponding to a rate con-
stant 0.0134 hr. At 120 hr, radioactivity was highest in
plasma followed by kidney, lung, stomach and spleen,
whereas the lowest activity was observed in fat.
Plasma and packed cells contained almost the same
concentration of (36)CI(-1). Plasma protein binding of
chloride was significantly higher than liver protein bind-
ing. Subcellular distribution in liver fractions revealed
that most of the (36)CI(-1) was located in the cytosolic
fraction. The excretion of chloride occurred primarily
by the kidney. (Copyright (c) 1983 by Hemisphere Pub-
lishing Corporation.)
Keywords: "Reaction kinetics, "Chlorides, "Toxicol-
ogy, "Enviornmental surveys, Ingestion(Biology), Rats,
Laboratory animals, Bioassay, Chlorination, Water
treatment, Blood plasma, Public health, Chlorine
oxides, Sampling, Disinfection, Absorption, Blood
analysis, Reprints.
PB84-179118/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Survey of Five Utility Boilers for Radionuclide
Emissions. Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
D. R. Roeck, M. O. White, A. M. Kiddie, and C. W.
Young. Dec 83,150p* GCA-TR-83-56-G
Contract EPA-68-02-3168
This report presents the results of an in-depth sam-
pling program for radionuclides conducted by GCA in
mid-1981 at ten coal-fired electric utility generating
stations. This program assisted EPA's Office of Radi-
ation Programs (ORP) in developing standards for ra-
dionuclides following their listing as hazardous air pol-
lutants under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act (FR 44),
p. 76738, Novembers, 1979.
Keywords: 'Boilers, "Radioactive contaminants, "Air
pollution, Flue gases, Sampling, Statistical data, 'Coal
fired power plants, Radionuclide migration, Environ-
ment protection, Gaseous wastes, Clean Air Act.
PB84-179142/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Toxic Substance Storage Tank Containment As-
surance and Safety Program: Training Manual.
Rept. for May 81-Dec 83.
Maryland Dept. of Health and Mental Hygiene, Balti-
more. Science and Health Advisory Group.
Dec 83,163p* MDHMH-OEP/SHAG-84/03
Grant EPA-CS-807904-014
See also PB84-179159. Prepared in cooperation with
Ecology and Environment, Inc., Buffalo. NY., and Whit-
man Requardt and Associates, Baltimore, MD.
The Training Manual was developed to be a compan-
ion to the project's Guide and Procedures Manual and
NOT a substitute for that document. It identifies areas
of key importance, and serves as the basis for an in-
plant training program.
Keywords: "Manuals, 'Hazardous materials, "Person-
nel development, Safety, Industrial hygiene, Design
criteria, Corrosion prevention, Protective clothing, Ac-
cident prevention, "Toxic substances, 'Chemical
spills.
PB84-179159/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Toxic Substance Storage Tank Containment As-
surance and Safety Program: Guide and Proce-
dures Manual. Rept. for May 81-Dec 83.
Maryland Dept. of Health and Mental Hygiene, Balti-
more. Science and Health Advisory Group.
Dec 83,236p* MDHMH/OEP/SHAG-84/02
Grant EPA-CS-807904-010
See also PB84-179142, and PB84-179605. Prepared
in cooperation with Ecology and Environment, Inc.,
Buffalo, NY., and Whitman Requardt and Associates,
Baltimore, MD.
The Guide and Procedures Manual is a very compre-
hensive document dealing with the many necessary
facets of storage tank safety and assurance. It is quite
complete and runs from a section dealing with chemi-
cal compatibility through spill control and prevention,
and it contains extensive bibliographical references as
well as charts, illustration and table. The Scope and
Application of the Manual is to provide the basic infor-
mation needed to reduce the likelihood of a hazardous
materials storage system failure. It provides informa-
tion in the form of guidelines for chemical compatibility,
tank design and maintenance, personnel safety and
training, and spill prevention and contingency plan-
ning. The Manual is designed to provide a mechanism
for the development of hazardous substance contain-
ment assurance programs for industrial managers, city
planners and permitting agencies, and to be a practical
tool for both private industry and public regulatory
agencies in establishing workable standards and
guidelines for toxic substance storage.
Keywords: 'Manuals, "Storage tanks, 'Guidelines,
'Hazardous materials, 'Chemical compounds, 'Acci-
dent prevention, Safety, Industrial hygiene, Design cri-
teria, Maintenance, Regulations, Water pollution con-
trol, Licenses, Standards, Inspection, Air pollution con-
trol, Corrosion control, 'Toxic substances, Chemical
spills, Occupational safety and health, Procedures,
Land pollution.
PB84-179605/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Toxic Substance Storage Tank Containment As-
surance and Safety Program: Recommendations
for Implementation of a Containment Assurance
and Safety Program. Rept. for May 81-Dec 83
Maryland Dept. of Health and Mental Hygiene, Balti-
more. Science and Health Advisory Group.
Dec 83,12p* MDHMH/OEP/SHAG-84/05
Grant EPA-CS-807904-010
See also PB84-179613. Prepared in cooperation with
Ecology and Environment, Inc., Buffalo, NY., and Whit-
man Requardt and Associates, Baltimore, MD.
The first four steps in any implementation plan have al-
ready been taken in Maryland, by distributing the vari-
ous documents that precede this one, and by soliciting
public comment on them (at the seminars held in 10/
83). These comments were made a part of the next
press run of the documents. The next step, according
to the Recommendations is to develop a data base to
document spills from hazardous materials storage
tanks. This should include: an inventory of hazardous
materials storage tanks in the State; a listing of the
storage tank types, materials of construction, volumes
and contents; a description of each tank's appurte-
nances; detailed accounts of past spills from storage
tanks; secondary containment systems employed and
operation and maintenance procedures utilized. Fol-
lowing a comprehensive evaluation of the data, and a
determination whether or not an additional level of
governmental regulation is needed, the State must
decide upon appropriate continuing options, which
could include, no further regulatory action; a mandato-
ry self-monitoring system; a voluntary program, with in-
centives to encourage compliance; a fully mandatory
compliance program and combinations of any of these
measures.
Keywords: 'Storage tanks, 'Hazardous materials,
'Recommendations, Safety, Accident prevention,
Construction materials, Study estimates, State govern-
ment, Regulations, Standards, "Toxic substances,
"Chemical spills. Listings.
PB84-179613/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Toxic Substance Storage Tank Containment As-
surance and Safety Program: Guidelines for Appli-
cation of Technical Codes for Hazardous Materi-
als Storage Tanks.
Maryland Dept. of Health and Mental Hygiene, Balti-
more. Science and Health Advisory Group.
Dec 83, 26p* MDHMH/OEP/SHAG-84/04
Grant EPA-CS-807904-010
See also PB84-179159, and PB84-179605. Prepared
in cooperation with Ecology and Environment, Inc.,
Buffalo, NY., and Whitman Requardt and Associates,
Baltimore, MD.
This document brings together a listing, by reference,
of appropriate technical codes dealing with storage
tank design, construction and use, as promulgated by
the American Petroleum Institute, the National Fire
Protection Association, American Society of Mechani-
cal Engineers, American Water Works Association,
American Concrete Institute, the National Association
of Corrosion Engineers and the Steel Structures Paint-
ing Institute. It further identifies each reference as
being either a standard, specification, recommended
practice, bulletin or publication, and indicates whether
the cited code is applicable to atmospheric, low pres-
sure or high pressure tanks. Certain Underwriters Lab-
oratories are also cited. Because public regulatory
agencies derive the data upon which they promulgate
restrictive measures from existing standards, codes
and recommended practices, the Code document sug-
gests, inferentially, that the user consult all appropriate
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
and applicable codes in order to make certain, in ad-
vance, that his installation will be in compliance with
any legal restriction which could be cited by an inspec-
tor.
Keywords: 'Guidelines, "Storage tanks, 'Hazardous
materials, "Standards, Regulations, Safety, Accident
prevention, Specifications, Inspection, Fuels, Con-
struction materials, Corrosion prevention, "Toxic sub-
stances, 'Chemical spills.
PB84-179878/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Characterization of Emissions from a Fluidized-
Bed Wood Chip Home Heating Furnace. Final rept.
Apr 82-May 83,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. S. Truesdale. Mar 84, 74p* RTI-1914-70-01F, EPA-
600/7-84-038
Contract EPA-68-02-3170
The report gives results of measurements of emissions
from a residential wood-chip combustor, operated in
both a fluidized-bed and cyclone-fired mode, and their
comparison with those from a conventional woodstove
and industrial wood-fired boilers. In general, the com-
bustion efficiency of the fluidized-bed and cyclone-
fired wood-chip burner is higher than that of conven-
tional woodstoves. Concomitant with this increase in
efficiency is a decrease in most emissions. For the flu-
idized-bed tests, significant reductions of total hydro-
carbons and CO were observed, compared to wood-
stove emissions. The cyclone test showed PAH levels
far below those of conventional woodstoves, ap-
proaching levels measured in industrial wood-fired
boilers. A baghouse, installed during two fluidized-bed
tests, was extremely effective in reducing both particu-
late and PAH emissions. Method 5 samples from
above the fluid bed suggest that appreciable PAH is
formed in the upper region of the furnace or in the wa-
tertube heat exchangers. In general, the cyclone-fired
mode was more effective in reducing emissions from
residential wood combustion than the fluidized-bed
mode.
Keywords: 'Furances, "Wood wastes, "Fluidized bed
processors, 'Cyclone separators, "Air pollution con-
trol, Particles, Nitrogen oxides, Stoves, Industrial
wastes, Residential buildings, Performance evaluation,
Substitutes, Design criteria, Gas chromatography, Gas
analysis, Sampling, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide,
Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Boilers, "Air pollu-
tion detection, Wood fired boilers, Baghouses, Wood
stoves.
PB84-179886/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Fundamental Study of Sulfate Aerosol Formation,
Condensation, and Growth. Final rept. Oct 80-Sep
82,
Air Pollution Technology, Inc., San Diego, CA.
S. C. Yung, C. N. Rangaraj, B. L. Hancock, D. Ugale,
and S. Calvert. Mar 84,187p EPA-600/7-84-049
Contract EPA-68-02-3650
The report gives results of a study of the formation and
growth of sulfate particles. Existing theoretical models
on acid particle formation and growth were reviewed
and evaluated. The formation and growth of sulfate
particles during slow cooling, rapid cooling, and dilu-
tion cooling of flue gas were experimentally deter-
mined and compared with theories. The experimental
results show that the temperature at which the self-nu-
cleation of sulfuric acid occurs is lower than the acid
dew point temperature. Thus, if the flue gas is slowly
cooled to between dew point and nucleation tempera-
tures, it is possible to force the sulfuric acid to con-
dense out on surfaces, rather than form fine particles.
The theories, experimental methods, and results are
described.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Sulfates, Aerosols,
Chimneys, Plumes, Industrial wastes, Sampling,
Chemical equilibrium, Reaction kinetics, Condensation
nuclei, Chemical reactions, Combustion products,
Sulfur dioxide, Sulfur trioxide, Flue gases, Computer
programs, Nucleation, Particle size, Comparison, Lab-
oratory equipment, "Chemical reaction mechanisms,
Numerical solution.
PB84-179951/HSU	PC A25/MF A01
Review of New Source Performance Standards
for Primary Copper Smelters. Chapters 1 through
9.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Mar 84, 586p EPA-450/3-83-018A
See also PB84-179969.
Standards of performance for the control of emissions
from primary copper smelters were promulgated in
1976. Developments since promulgation necessitated
that the following be included in the periodic review of
the standards: (1) reexamination of the current exemp-
tion for reverberatory furnaces processing high-impuri-
ty materials, (2) assessment of the feasibility of con-
trolling particulate matter emissions from reverberato-
ry furnaces processing high-impurity materials, (3) re-
evaluation of the impact of the current standard on the
ability of existing smelters to expand production, and
(4) assessment of the technical and economic feasibil-
ity of controlling fugitive emissions at primary copper
smelters. The results of the review indicated that no
changes should be made to the existing standard. This
document contains background information and envi-
ronmental and economic assessments considered in
arriving at this conclusion. This report is published in
two volumes. Volume 1, EPA 450/3-83-018a, contains
Chapters 1 through 9. Volume 2, EPA 450/3-83-018b,
contains the Appendixes.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Stand-
ards, "Smelting, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts. Particles, Regulations. Substitutes. Design crite-
ria, Reviews, Revisions, Scrubbing, Electrostatic preci-
pitators, Assessments, Economics, Feasibility, "New
source performance standards, "Copper smelters, Fu-
gitive emissions, Fabric filters.
PB84-179969/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Review of New Source Performance Standards
for Primary Copper Smelters: Appendices.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Mar 84,153p EPA-450/3-83-018B
See also PB84-179951.
Standards of performance for the control of emissions
from primary copper smelters were promulgated in
1976. Developments since promulgation necessitated
that the following be included in the periodic review of
the standards: (1) reexamination of the current exemp-
tion for reverberatory furnaces processing high-impuri-
ty materials, (2) assessment of the feasibility of con-
trolling particulate matter emissions from reverberato-
ry furnaces processing high-impurity materials, (3) re-
evaluation of the impact of the current standard on the
ability of existing smelters to expand production, and
(4) assessment of the technical and economic feasibil-
ity of controlling fugitive emissions at primary copper
smelters. The results of the review indicated that no
changes should be made to the existing standard. This
document contains background information and envi-
ronmental and economic assessments considered in
arriving at this conclusion. This report is published in
two volumes. Volume 1, EPA 450/3-83-018a, contains
Chapters 1 through 9. Volume 2, EPA 450/3-83-018b,
contains the Appendixes.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Stand-
ards, "Smelting, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Particles, Regulations, Substitutes, Design crite-
ria, Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), Re-
views, Revisions, Scrubbing, Electrostatic precipita-
tors, Assessments, Economics, Feasibility, "New
source performance standards, "Copper smelters, Fu-
gitive emissions, Fabric filters.
PBB4-179993/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Technical Assistance Document: The Use of Port-
able Volatile Organic Compound Analyzers for
Leak Detection. Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
R. M. Riggin. Apr 84,64p* EPA-600/4-84-024
Contract EPA-68-02-3487
This document has been prepared for the purpose of
providing guidance on the selection and use of porta-
ble volatile organic compound analyzers for monitoring
process leaks. Specifically the types of volatile organic
compound analyzers capable of performing U.S. EPA
Method 21 determinations are discussed. The princi-
ples of operation, advantages and limitations of the
various devices have been discussed. Sections provid-
ing guidance on the operation of each of four types of
volatile organic compound analyzers-photoionization,
flame ionization, infrared, and catalytic combustion--
are included in the document.
Keywords: "Portable equipment, "Leakage, 'Air pollu-
tion, 'Gas detectors, Photoionization, Catalysis, Infra-
red detectors, Industrial plants. Performance evalua-
tion, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Specifi-
cations, Maintenance, Guidelines, 'Fugitive emis-
sions, 'Volatile organic compounds, 'Air pollution de-
tection, EPA method 21, Flame ionization detectors.
PB84-180025/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Insect Interlaboratory Toxicity Test Comparison
Study for the Chironomid ('Paratanytarsus sp.')
Procedure,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
A. E. Lemke, and R. L. Anderson. Mar 84,18p EPA-
600/3-84-054
A test method guideline for the chironomid Paratany-
tarsus sp. was evaluated. Six laboratories participated
in the interlaboratory comparison study. Three items
were compared, including start-up and maintenance of
a rearing colony, a 48 hr acute test, and a 28 day life
history chronic. All participating laboratories were able
to start and maintain the rearing colonies. Chemicals
used for testing were trichlorophenol and acenaph-
thene. Forty out of an expected total of 48 test results
were reported. The 17% failure rate appeared to be re-
lated to the volatility of the chemical in the acute tests
and to an unexplained test water problem at specific
laboratories in the chronic tests. All participants rec-
ommended the preparation of a set of forms for re-
cording data and training rather than more detail in the
guidelines would improve testing efficiency.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Insects, Test methods, Eval-
uation, "Paratanytarsus, Chironomids, "Phenol/trich-
loro, "Acenaphthene.
PB84-180066/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Development Document for Final Effluent Limita-
tions Guidelines, New Source Performance Stand-
ards and Pretreatment Standards for the Pharma-
ceutical Manufacturing Point Source Category,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
F. H. Hund. Sep 83,272p EPA-440/1 -83/084
This document presents the findings of a study of the
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Point Source Category
for the purpose of finalizing effluent limitations guide-
lines for existing and new point sources and to estab-
lish pretreatment standards for existing and new dis-
chargers to publicly owned treatment works to imple-
ment Sections 301, 303, 306, 307, 308 and 501 of the
Clean Water Act. The information presented supports
final regulations based on best practicable control
technology currently available (BPT) and best avail-
able technology (BAT), new source performance
standards (NSPS) and pretreatment standards for new
and existing sources (CPSNS) and (PSES) for the
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Point Source Category.
The report presents and discusses data gathering ef-
forts, consideration of subcategorization, characteriza-
tion of wastewaters, selection of pollutant parameters,
review of treatment technology, cost and non-water
quality considerations and development of regulatory
options and effluent limitations.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Drug industry,
"Regulations, "Guidelines, Standards, Sources, Indus-
trial waste treatment, Technology, Cost analysis,
Design criteria, Technology, National government!
"Pretreatment(Water), "Water pollution abatement!
Point sources, Best technology, New source perform-
ance standards.
PB84-180124/HSU	PC At2/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati
OH.
Operation and Maintenance of Selected Ozone
and Ultraviolet Disinfection Systems. Final rept
Jun 82-Sep 83,
Weston (Roy F.), Inc., West Chester, PA.
R. Junkins. May 84,254p EPA-600/2-84-087
Contract EPA-68-03-3019
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
As part of the EPA's efforts to compile and promulgate
design and operational information concerning the use
of ozone disinfection of UV light disinfection in place of
chlorine disinfection for wastewater effluents, a series
of on-site evaluations were conducted at seven munic-
ipal wastewater treatment plants that have or are using
ozone for the disinfection, five water treatment plants
using ozone for disinfection and/or odor control, and
three municipal wastewater treatment plants that have
used or are using UV disinfection. During these plant
visits operating data were reviewed, operational prac-
tices observed, and operating personnel were inter-
viewed in order to establish O&M causative factors re-
lating to poor and efficient process performance. The
typical O&M problems have been listed and the rec-
ommended remedial actions necessary to correct
those problems are presented in the paper.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, "Water treatment,
'Ozonization, 'Ultraviolet radiation, 'Maintenance,
"Operation, "Disinfection, Odor control, Performance
evaluation, Design criteria, Recommendations, Pota-
ble water.
PB84-180157/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Report on Analytical Methodology for Purgeable
and Semivolatile Components in Leachates and
Solid Wastes. Final rept. 1 Sep 81-30 Apr 83,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
J. S. Warner, M. C. Landes, P. W. Meehan, R. L.
Wilson, and T. M. Danison. Mar 84,87p EPA-600/4-
84-029
Contract EPA-68-03-3091
Two extraction procedures, using tetraglyme and
methylene chloride, were developed for the determina-
tion of purgeable and semivolatile organic compounds
in solid wastes. Extraction efficiencies, method quanti-
fication limits and matrix effects were studied for 57
volatile and 142 semivolatile contaminants in a variety
of solid waste matrices. Recoveries of spiked com-
pounds were in the 90 to 100% range except for the
highly polar materials which could be expected to be
poorly recovered. The quantitation limits were found to
be 5 micrograms/g or less for about 90% of the com-
pounds and 1 microgram/g or less for half of the com-
pounds. Some significant matrix effects were detected
in two matrices. The effects were both compound and
matrix dependent and could not be predicted.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis. "Organic compounds,
"Extraction, "Leaching, Purging, Sampling, Compari-
son, ConcentrationjComposition), Tables(Data),
Chloromethanes, Soil analysis, 'Solid wastes, 'Vola-
tile organic compounds, Tetraglyme.
PB84-180165/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Final Environmental Impact Statement for North
Carolina Barrier Islands Wastewater Management.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Jan 84, 232p* EPA-904/9-84-117
This Final Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) rec-
ommends a strategy for wastewater management on
the barrier islands of North Carolina. This strategy pro-
vides assistance to barrier island communities in plan-
ning for wastewater management. It presents a step-
by-step process that can assist facilities planners in re-
solving the unique problems encountered on North
Carolina barrier islands and result in a cost-effective
and environmentally sound management system.
Communities involved in facilities planning are encour-
aged to use the tools developed in this EIS wherever
appropriate.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'lslands(Landforms),
'Environmental impact statement-final, North Caroli-
na, Cost effectiveness, Environmental impacts. Barrier
Islands, Construction, Transportation, Collecting meth-
ods, Waste water, Cost analysis, Reliability, Water pol-
lution, Communities, Inorganic nitrates, Septic tanks,
Storms, 201 Construction Grants, 'Alternative plan-
ning.
PB84-180173/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Proceedings of the ASME/EPA (American Society
of Mechanical Engineers/Environmental Protec-
tion Agency) Hazardous Waste Incineration Con-
ference Held at Williamsburg, Virginia on May 27-
29, 1981,
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York.
D. A. Oberacker, J. E. Thibault, Jr., and H. F. Tayler.
Mar 84, 322p EPA-600/9-84-009
Grant EPA-R-808645
This report is a proceedings of a 3-day conference
among industry, government, professional engineers
and scientists, and the general public concerning haz-
ardous waste incineration which came at a time when
EPA interim final rule incineration regulations had just
been made public. A number of topical papers were
presented which represent a cross section of a part of
the incineration technology in use and under regula-
tory examination during this period. The proceedings
cover a conference which was co-supported by EPA
and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
which was organized as a cooperative agreement
grant effort from the EPA in the spirit of professional in-
terest and public discussion of the thermal disposal
technologies and their regulation.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Incinerators, "Solid
waste disposal, "Meetings, Regulations, Standards,
Research projects, Air pollution control, Technology,
Risk, Oxidation, Public health, Radioactive wastes,
Combustion, Design criteria, Chemical compounds, Di-
benzodioxins, Ocean waste disposal, Liquid waste dis-
posal, Toxic substances.
PB84-180876/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Chemical Analysis of Surflcial Sediments from 63
Illinois Lakes, Summer 1979. Final rept.,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
M. H. Kelly, and R. L. Hite. May 81,107p
Two hundred seventy-three sediment samples were
collected from 63 Illinois lakes in summer 1979. These
samples were analyzed for percent volatile solids,
chemical oxygen demand (COD), nutrients, heavy
metals and organochlorine compounds. When con-
trasted to other studies, Illinois lake sediments were
relatively low in total Kjeldahl nitrogen, chemical
oxygen demand and percent volatile solids. Most lakes
exhibited fairly low metal concentrations. Organochlor-
ine compounds rarely exceeded detection limits. A
classification of Illinois lake sediments based on state-
wide mean concentrations was prepared. An attempt
was made to correlate fish flesh concentrations with
sediment concentrations. No simple linear relation-
ships were discerned.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "Sediments, "Lakes,
"Water pollution, Nutrients, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Concentration(Composition), Illinois, Metals,
Fishes, State government, 'Water pollution detection,
Heavy metals. Chemical oxygen demand.
PB84*181775/HSU	PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
User's Guide to the MESOPUFF II Model and Re-
lated Processor Programs,
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Con-
cord, MA.
J. S. Scire, F. W. Lurmann, A. Bass, and S. R. Hanna.
Apr 84,226p EPA-600/8-84-013
Contract EPA-68-02-3733
A complete set of user instructions are provided for the
MESOPUFF II regional-scale air quality modeling
package. The MESOPUFF II model is a Lagrangian
variable-trajectory puff superposition model suitable
for modeling the transport, diffusion, and removal of air
pollutants from multiple point and area sources at
transport distances beyond the range of conventional
straight-line Gaussian plume models (i.e., beyond
about 10-50 km). It is an extensively modified version
of the MESOscale PUFF (MESOPUFF) model with re-
fined and enhanced treatment of advection, vertical
dispersion, removal, and transformation processes.
The MESOPUFF II model is one element of an inte-
grated modeling package that also includes compo-
nents for preprocessing of meteorological data
(READ66, MESOPAC II) and postprocessing of con-
centration data MESOFILE II). Complete user instruc-
tions and test case input/output are provided for each
of these programs.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Mathematical models,
Transport properties, Diffusion, Sources, Meteorologi-
cal data, Computer programming, "User
manuals(Computer programs), 'Air quality, 'MESO-
PUFF II model, Computer applications, Point sources.
PB84-181825/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Final Environmental Impact Statement Synthetic
Fiber Production Facilities: Background Informa-
tion Promulgated Standards.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Mar 84, 66p EPA-450/3-82-011B
See also PB83-153015.
Standards of performance to control emissions of
volatile organic compounds (VOC) from new and re-
constructed synthetic fiber production facilities are
being promulgated under the authority of Section 111
of the Clean Air Act. This document contains a detailed
summary of the public comments on the proposed
standards (47 FR 52932), responses to these com-
ments, and a summary of changes to the proposed
standards.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-final,
'Air pollution control, 'Synthetic fibers, 'Standards,
Cost analysis, Performance evaluation, Organic com-
pounds, 'Volatile organic compounds, Standards of
performance.
PB84-181882/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Analysis of Polvnuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons
in Particulate Matter by Luminescence Tech-
niques. Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
W. A. Ivancic, L. L. Brown, R. M. Riggin, and R. H.
Barnes. Apr 84, 55p EPA-600/4-84-033
Contract EPA-66-02-3487
Fluorescence, phosphorescence, and heavy-metal ac-
tivated room temperature phosphorescence spectra
were obtained for ten polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
(PAH) reference compounds individually and in mix-
tures on quartz plates and particulate matter. The re-
sults indicate that multicomponent analysis of PAHs
on airborne particulate matter may be possible with the
development of appropriate multicomponent spectral
deconvolution procedures. The direct analysis ap-
proach in combination with the use of solvent extrac-
tion followed by fluorescence analysis can provide a
rapid means of analysis for PAHs both within and on
the surface of particulate matter. Direct phosphores-
cence was too weak to be useful at 5-10 micrograms/
g levels found in many types of particulate samples.
Heavy-metal activated room-temperature phosphores-
cence appears more sensitive to matrix and substrate
effects and less amenable to multicomponent analysis
than fluorescence. The fluorescence spectrum of
benzo(a)pyrene was found to be affected by exposure
to low levels of ozone. However, the fluorescence
spectrum retains characteristic features that enable
identification of the benzo(a)pyrene.
Keywords: 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons,
'Chemical analysis, 'Particles, 'Fluorescence, 'Phos-
phorescence, Metals, Air pollution, Optical measuring
instruments, Urban areas, 'Air pollution detection,
Heavy metals, Benzopyrenes.
PB84-181957/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Final Sampling Report for the Study of Personal
CO (Carbon Monoxide) Exposure. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. W. Whitmore, S. M. Jones, and M. S. Rosenzweig.
Apr 84,90p EPA-600/4-84-034
Contract EPA-68-02-3679
This report describes the sample selection procedures
used for a study funded by the EPA and conducted by
the Research Triangle Institute in 1982 and 1983 to
evaluate methodology for collecting data on personal
exposure to carbon monoxide (CO). These data were
collected in the metropolitan areas of Denver, Colora-
do and Washington, D.C., using personal exposure
monitors (PEMs) and activity diaries. This involved
telephone screening of households and selection of
household respondents for personal exposure moni-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
toring in the metropolitan areas in and around Denver,
Colorado and Washington, D.C. Data on CO breath
levels were also collected in Washington, D.C. (PEDCo
Environmental conducted the field work in Denver.)
The target population In both cities consisted of the
non-institutionalized, non-smoking adults (ages 18 to
70) of these metropolitan areas. Based on the experi-
ence gained during the study, the methodology devel-
oped, with some modifications, may be used effective-
ly in other areas of the country for collecting PEM data.
These modifications should make the methodology
more cost effective, improve the response rate, and
lead to more accurate activity information.
Keywords: "Carbon monoxide, "Dosimetry, "Public
health, "Households, "Air pollution, Sampling, Expo-
sure, Revisions, Performance evaluation, Colorado,
Methodology, "Personal exposure monitors, "Indoor
air pollution, Occupational safety and health,
Denver(Colorado), District of Columbia, Monitors.
PB84-182195/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Sensitivity, Specificity and Accuracy of the Arabi-
dopsis Assay in the Identification of Carcinogens,
Missouri Univ.-Columbia.
G. P. Redei, G. N. Acedo, and S. S. Andhu. 1984,33p
EPA-600/D-84-105
Grant EPA-R-807892
The paper compares the sensitivity, specificity and ac-
curacy of Arabidopsis multilocus assay with several
other in vitro and in vivo bioassays. Sensitivity was de-
fined as a percentage of the carcinogens correctly
identified as mutagens. Specificity was calculated by
multiplying with 100 the fraction of the number correct-
ly identified 'non-carcinogens'/total number of 'non-
carcinogens' unambiguously classified. Accuracy rep-
resents the fraction of the correct answers/all unam-
biguous test, multiplied with 100. These parameters
were estimated in Arabidopsis by testing 37 carcino-
gen/non-carcinogen pairs of chemicals. The overall
sensitivity of Arabidopsis assay was higher than any of
the bioassays employed in the Internation Collabora-
tive Program.
Keywords: "Carcinogens, "Bioassay, "Bacteria, In
vitro analysis, In vivo analysis, Sensitivity, Mutagens,
Identifying, Accuracy, "Arabidopsis multilocus, "Bioin-
dicators.
PB84-182369/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Approaches to Risk Assessment for Multiple
Chemical Exposures,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
J. F. Stara, and L. S. Erdreich. Mar 84,288p* EPA-
600/9-84-008
Prepared in cooperation with Dynamac Corp., Rock-
ville, MO.
The Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office
(ECAO) in Cincinnati has developed health risk as-
sessment methods for chronic exposure to single
chemical from a single route of exposure. Risk assess-
ments for carcinogens associated an exposure level
with a particular incidence of cancer using a non-
threshold model which is linear at low doses. For sys-
temic toxicants, the no-observed-adverse-effect level
(NOAEL)/Uncertainty Factor approach was used to
estimate an acceptable daily intake (ADI). In order to
develop methods for assessing risk from exposure to
mixtures of chemicals, all relevant routes and all expo-
sure durations must be considered. The basis of the
single chemical approach is constantly updated to
keep pace with developments in pharmacokinetics,
species and route extrapolation, mathematical
models, additivity and interaction. These and other rel-
evant issues were addressed during a 2-day workshop
on 'Approaches to Risk Assessment for Multiple
Chemical Exposures' held by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency in Cincinnati, Ohio on September
29 and 30, 1982. The workshop was attended by 50
scientists from EPA and private industry. This docu-
ment presents the results of this workshop, including
presentations, critiques and discussion for each of the
11 subtopics covered.
Keywords: "Chemical compounds, "Toxicology, "Envi-
ronmental surveys, Exposure, Risk, Assessments,
Mixtures, Hazardous materials, Mathematical models,
Industrial medicine, Public health, Humans, Malignant
neoplasms, "Toxic substances, Cancer, Occupational
130 Vol. 90, No. 24
safety and health, Pharmacokinetics, Path of pollut-
ants, Threshold limit valves.
PB84-182377	Not available NTIS
Comparative Potency Method for Cancer Risk As-
sessment: Application to Diesel Particulate Emis-
sions. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. E. Albert, J. Lewtas, S. Nesnow, T. W. Thorslund,
and E. Anderson. C1983,19p EPA-600/J-83-200
Pub. in Risk Analysis, v3 n2 p101 -117 1983.
An estimation of the human lung cancer 'unit risk' from
diesel engine particulate emissions has been made
using a comparative potency approach. This approach
involves evaluating the tumorigenic and mutagenic po-
tencies of the particlates from four diesel and one gas-
oline engine in relation to other combustion and pyroly-
sis products (coke oven, roofing tar, and cigarette
smoke) that cause lung cancer in humans. The unit
cancer risk is predicated on the linear nonthreshold ex-
trapolation model and is the individual lifetime excess
lung cancer risk from continuous exposure to 1 micro-
gram carcinogen per cu m inhaled air. The human lung
cancer unit risks obtained from the epidemiologic data
for coke oven workers, roofing tar applicators, and cig-
arette smokers. The comparative potencies of these
three materials and the diesel and gasoline engine ex-
haust particulates (as organic extracts) were evaluated
by in vivo tumorigenicity bioassays that proved suitable
for this analysis: Ames Salmonella microsome bioas-
say, L5178y mouse lymphoma cell mutagenesis bioas-
say, and sister chromatid exchange bioassay in Chi-
nese hamster ovary cells.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Particles, "Exhaust emis-
sions, "Gasoline, "Toxicology, Mutagens, Bioassay,
Laboratory animals, Risk, Assessments, Mice, Roof-
ing, Coking, Combustion products, In vivo analysis,
Comparison, Malignant neoplasms, Industrial hygiene,
Public health, Reprints, "Diesel engine exhaust, "Air
pollution effects(Humans), "Cancer, Occupational
safety and health, Cigarette smoke, Lung cancer.
PBB4-182385	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Modified Valve Seat for the Static Mercury Drop
Electrode. Journal article,
Georgia Univ., Athens.
R. E. Morton, and O. M. Evans. c1984, 5p EPA-600/J-
84-011
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v56 n2 p319-320 1984.
A modification in the design of the valve seat of the
static mercury drop electrode is presented. The cre-
ation of a 'four-point' seal within the modified valve
seat prevents the capillary 'O' ring seal from becoming
flattened and distorted. The design has eliminated air
leakage into the system, and as a result, breaks in the
mercury and premature drop detachment are virtually
non-existent.
Keywords: 'Electrodes, "Laboratory equipment,
"Valves, "Seals(Stoppers), "Mercury(Metal), Revision,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Reprints,
"Mercury drop electrodes.
PB84-182393	Not available NTIS
Insecticide Effects on Normal Development and
Hatch of Embryos of 'Paratanytarsus partheno-
genetlcus' (Diptera: Chlronomidae). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
R. L. Anderson, and P. Shubat. C1983,8p EPA-600/J-
83-201
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Univ.-Superi-
or. Center for Lake Superior Environmental Studies.
Pub. in Great Lakes Entomologist, v16 n4 p177-181
1983.
Simple, low cost methods are needed to determine the
effect of pesticides on non-target aquatic organisms.
In this report, embryos of Paratanytarsus parthenogen-
eticus were exposed from deposition to hatch to five
pesticides. Four of the five pesticides affected devel-
opment or hatch only at coccentrations .which exceed-
ed 96-h LC50 values of other non-target invertebrates.
One pesticide, fenitrothion, affected hatch at 13 micro-
grams/1 which is similar to 96-h LC50 values for other
aquatic invertebrates. Because of the low sensitivity of
the embryo to pesticides, this method may not be a
useful pesticide screening test for non-target inverte-
brates.
Keywords: "Insecticides, Invertebrates, Pesticides,
Diptera, Embryos, Exposure, Lethal dosage, "Paratan-
ytarsus parthenogeneticus, "Chironomidae, "Water
pollution effects(Animals).
PB84-182625/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
U.S. Uranium Mining Industry: Background Infor-
mation on Economics and Emissions,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
G. A. Bruno, J. A. Dirks, P. O. Jackson, and J. K.
Young. Mar 84,243p PNL-5035
Contract DE-AC06-76RL01830
Review of the U.S. uranium mining industry has re-
vealed a generally depressed industry situation. The
1982 U308 production from both open-pit and under-
ground mines declined to 3,800 and 6,300 tons re-
spectively with the underground portion representing
46% of total production. A field examination was con-
ducted of 29 selected underground uranium mines that
represent 84% of the 1982 underground production.
Data was gathered regarding population, land owner-
ship and private property valuation. Out to 2 km total
population was 618 persons. An assessment was
made of the current and future (222)Rn emission
levels for a group of 27 uranium mines.
Keywords: "Radioactive contaminants, "Economic
analysis, "Air pollution, Forecasting,
Concentration(Composition), Radon isotopes, Regula-
tions, Underground mining, Demand(Economics),
Supply(Economics), Sampling, "Uranium mines,
"Radon 222, Waste management, Baseline measure-
ments.
PB84-182666/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Characterization of Operating and Maintenance
Practices for Wastewater Treatment Systems In
the Iron and Steel Industry. Final rept. Apr 82-Jan
83,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
R. T. Price, W. F. Kemner, W. E. Gallagher, and G.
Annamraju. Apr 84, 379p* EPA-600/2-84-081
Contract EPA-68-02-3173
The report documents effective operating and mainte-
nance (O/M) practices for wastewater treatment sys-
tems in the iron and steel industry, and describes how
their application might affect permit parameters and
operational upsets. Selection of processes for the
study-byproduct cokemaking, ironmaking (blast fur-
naces), steelmaking (basic oxygen furnaces), hot
forming, and acid pickling-was based on pollutant
loadings, system complexity, control costs, and com-
monality among most integrated steel mills. Informa-
tion was based on: a literature search for wastewater-
related O/M practices in the iron and steel industry,
discussions with state and regional agency personnal
to identify major areas of concern and effective O/M
practices, a review of agency files, discussions with
wastewater treatment equipment vendors and chemi-
cal additive manufacturers, and discussions with
agency representatives. Various steel mills were vis-
ited, and treatment plant operators and environmental
staff members were interviewed. The information pro-
duced by these visits includes typically encountered
problems and their solutions, troubleshooting efforts,
extent of operator training, efforts to minimize the
effect of operational upsets, and preventive mainte-
nance practices.
Keywords: "Iron and steel industry, "Water pollution
control, Maintenance, Industrial waste treatment,
State government, Licenses, Coking, Management
planning, Measuring instruments, Blast furnaces, Hot
working, Basic converters, Oxygen blown converters,
Monitoring, Acid pickling.
PB84-182823/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Miniature Acid Condensation System: Design and
Operation,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J. L. Cheney. Apr 84, 72p EPA-600/3-84-056
An extractive source sampling system was designed
and constructed. The sampling system measures gas-
eous sulfuric acid and sulfur dioxide in combustion
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
(MACS) includes a high-temperature quartz probe and
quartz-filter holder. Since there is no commercially-
available manual sampling system for measuring gase-
ous sulfuric acid at the present time, a prototype sam-
pling system must be constructed for making such
measurements. The purpose of this work is to provide
a guideline for building such a sampling system. Also
included is a discussion of two sulfate analytical meth-
ods, Barium-Thorin and Ion Chromotography. In addi-
tion, a brief discussion of sulfate analyses data han-
dling and the results of some source emissions sam-
pling are presented.
Keywords: 'Sulfuric acid, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Samplers,
'Air pollution, Extraction, Design criteria, Sampling,
Portable equipment, Probes, Combustion products,
Guidelines, Industrial wastes, 'Miniature acid conden-
sation systems, 'Air pollution sampling, Air pollution
detection, Procedures.
PB84-1828B0/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Draft Health Assessment Document for Hexach-
lorocyclopentadiene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
D.J. Reisman. Feb 84,169p EPA-600/8-84-001A
The Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
of the Office of Research and Development has pre-
pared this health assessment document (HAD) at the
request of the Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards. Hexachlorocyclopentadisne (HEX) is an interme-
diate in the pesticide and flame retardant manufactur-
ing processes and is currently being studied by the En-
vironmental Protection Agency (EPA) to determine if it
should be regulated as a hazardous air pollutant under
the Clean Air Act. The scientific literature and key stud-
ies have been reviewed and evaluated and summaries
and conclusions have been directed at the health ef-
fects from exposure to HEX. This peer-reviewed docu-
ment contains information on HEX covering toxicity,
environmental fate and transport, aquatic effects, mu-
tagenicity, epidemiology, teratogenicity and other
health effects data. The data base is neither extensive
nor adequate for assessing the carcinogenicity or
long-term health effects of acute or low-level chronic
exposure to HEX.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Environmental sur-
veys, 'Regulations, 'Public health, 'Industrial medi-
cine, Toxicity, Transport properties, Air pollution,
Water pollution, Assessments, Standards, Mutagens,
Sources, Chlorine organic compounds, Pesticides,
Chemical industry. Solid waste disposal, Physical
properties, Chemical properties, Epidemiology, "Cy-
clopentadiene/hexacbloro, Path of pollutants, Cancer.
PB84-182922/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, PA.
Region 111.
Volatile Organic Compound Emission Controls for
Tablet Coating at Pharmaceutical Plants. Final
rept.
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Arlington, TX.
Jan 84,39p
Contract EPA-68-02-3512
Pharmaceutical plants coat tablets with either a water-
based or organic-based material in a batch operation
that uses rotating open-ended pans. After being
coated, the tablets are dried by hot air. Most tablets
are coated with sugar, methyl cellulose, or ethyl cellu-
lose. Because sugar coatings are water-based, they
are not a source of volatile organic compound (VOC)
emissions. Cellulose coatings can be applied either in
water or in an organic media. An organic solvent is
used if faster drying is required or if the tablet is sensi-
tive to water and/or heat. This process is often re-
ferred to as film coating. The most practical VOC emis-
sion control method is adsorption of the VOC stream
onto activated carbon. The pharmaceutical industry
currently uses this method to control VOC emissions
from tablet coating operations. Carbon adsorbers are
rugged and simple to operate, and the recovered
methylene chloride or chloroform is suitable for reuse
without further treatment. Ethanol and isopropanol are
recovered in dilute aqueous solutions that can be proc-
essed in the plant wastewater treatment facility. Incin-
eration and refrigeration control methods are techni-
cally feasible, but uneconomic.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Drug industry,
•Coating processes, "Tablets, "Activated carbon
treatment, Adsorption, "Volatile organic compounds,
'Indoor air pollution.
PB84-183102/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Determination of a Range of Concern for Mobile
Source Emissions of Methanol. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technical Support Staff.
C. A. Harvey. Jul 83,53p EPA/AA/TSS/83-6
This paper describes an effort by the Emission Control
Technology Division of the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) to suggest a range of concern for meth-
anol (CH30H) emissions from mobile sources. In ac-
cordance with section 202 (a) (4) of the Clean Air Act
(CAA) and due to a concern within industry as to what
emission levels will be used as the basis for the eval-
uation of current and future technologies, a methodol-
ogy was developed in order to bracket a range of con-
cern for various unregulated pollutants. This paper
uses the results from two EPA contracts to apply this
methodology specifically for an evaluation of metha-
nol. Mathematical models previously designed for vari-
ous exposure scenarios (such as enclosed spaces, ex-
pressways, and street canyons) were used to calculate
the ambient air concentrations resulting from a range
of potential mobile source methanol emissions. In con-
junction with this work, a health effects literature
search for methanol was conducted by Midwest Re-
search Institute under contract to EPA to aid in the de-
termination of the suggested range of concern. It must
be mentioned that (he range of concern for methanol
suggested in this report is based on its toxicological
properties and not its photochemical reactivity nor any
possible carcinogenic effects.
Keywords: "Methyl alcohol, "Exhaust emissions, "Air
pollution, "Toxicology, Public health, Standards, Risks,
Exposure, Regulations, Concentration(Composition),
Mathematical models, "Air quality.
PB84-183110/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Study of Exhaust Emissions from Eighty-Four
High Mileage 1980 Passenger Cars. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technology Assessment and Evaluation Branch.
J. C. Shelton. Dec 83,36p EPA-AA-TEB-84-2
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
This paper describes the results of an exhaust emis-
sion testing program conducted on eighty-four 1980
model year passenger cars. The primary purpose of
this program was to examine the emission perform-
ance of high-mileage vehicles. Secondary objectives
included an assessment of the condition and oerform-
ance of the emission-related components and the col-
lection of information for development and improve-
ment of l/M programs.
Keywords: "Automobiles, "Fuel consumption, 'Ex-
haust emissions, Air pollution, Inspection, Mainte-
nance, Performance evaluation.
PB84-183516/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Study of Carbon Monoxide Exposure of Resi-
dents of Washington, DC. and Denver, Colorado.
Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
T. D. Hartwell, C. A. Clayton, R. M. Ritchie, R. W.
Whitmore, and H. S. Zelon. Apr 84,230p EPA-600/4-
84-031
Contract EPA-68-02-3679
The report describes a study funded by the EPA and
conducted by the Research Triangle Institute in 1982
and 1983 to evaluate methodology for collecting repre-
sentative personal exposure monitoring (PEM) CO and
corresponding activity data in an urbanized area. This
involved telephone screening of households and
sample selection of respondents in the metropolitan
areas in and around Denver, Colorado and Washing-
ton, D.C. Data on CO breath levels were also collected
in Washington, D.C. (PEDCo Environmental conduct-
ed the field work in Denver). The target population in
both cities consisted of the non-institutionalized, non-
smoking adults (ages 18-70) of these metropolitan
areas. The data collected in the field were edited and
appropriately weighted to produce CO exposure esti-
mates for the target population.
Keywords: "Carbon monoxide, "Toxicology, Urban
areas, Screening, Humans, Exposure, Colorado, Data
collection, Evaluation, "Air pollution detection,
DenverfColorado), District of Columbia, Air sampling.
PB84-183565/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for 1,1,1-Trichlor-
oethane (Methyl Chloroform). Final Report,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
R. Carchman, I. W. F. Davidson, M. M. Greenberg, J. C.
Parker, and V. Benignus. Feb 84, 181 p EPA-600/8-82-
003F
See also PB83-129585.
Methyl chloroform (MC) is a volatile chlorinated hydro-
carbon used extensively as an industrial solvent and in
consumer products. It has been detected in the ambi-
ent air of a variety of urban and non-urban areas of the
United States. In certain instances involving contami-
nation of groundwater, much higher levels have been
reported. The weight of available evidence obtained
from both human and animal data suggest that long-
term exposure to environmental levels of MC poses no
serious health concern to the general population. No
teratogenic potential has been demonstrated for MC in
studies conducted to date in rodent species. Available
data are inadequate for reaching firm conclusions
about its mutagenic potential in humans. Because of
the limited usefulness of the animal bioassays con-
ducted to date, it is not possible to classify MC in
regard to its carcinogenic potential in humans.
Keywords: "Solvents, "Air pollution, "Toxicology,
Public health, Chlorine organic compounds, Urban
areas, Water pollution, Mutagens, Exposure, Ground-
water, Assessments, Malignant neoplasms, "Ethane/
trichloro, "Volatile organic compounds, "Air pollution
effects(Humans), "Air pollution effects(Animals),
Cancer, Path of pollutants, Biotransformation.
PB84-183573/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Computer Programs for Estimating the Cost of
Particulate Control Equipment. Final rept. Jun 81-
Jan 82,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A. S. Viner, andD. S. Ensor. Apr 84,162p" EPA-600/
7-84-054
Grant EPA-R-808936
The report describes an interactive computer program,
written to estimate the capital and operating expenses
of electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, and venturi
scrubbers used on coal-fired boilers. The program ac-
cepts as input the current interest rate, coal analysis,
emission limit, and design and operating parameters of
the control device. The installed cost of the collector
and the annual fixed and variable operating and main-
tenance costs are estimated. Based on the interest
rate specified, an annual payment of interest and prin-
cipal is calculated for the amount of capital required.
This annual capital cost is added to the annual operat-
ing and maintenance costs to yield a total annual cost
of the collector. A comparison between reported and
predicted costs indicates that the model is capable of
4- /-25 percent accuracy.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Particles,
Cost analysis, Computer programs, Electrostatic preci-
pitators, Air filters, Scrubbers, Maintenance, Compari-
son, Boilers, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
Capitalized costs, Operating costs, Fabric filters.
PB84-183631/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Test Methods for Inlectable Barriers. Rept. for Feb
83-Feb 84,
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS.
P. G. Malone, R. J. Larson, J. H. May, and J. A. Boa, Jr.
1984,24p EPA-600/D-84-107
Grouts are becoming increasingly important in produc-
ing barriers to contaminated ground water flow at haz-
ardous waste sites. Grouted barriers can be used at
depths and under conditions where slurry trenches are
impractical. To employ grouts to advantage at waste
sites it is necessary to select materials that solidify or
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
gel in the presence of industrial waste compounds that
may be present; that are unaffected by aggressive
chemical wastes; and that create impermeable bar-
riers when injected into permeable units. A wide variety
of test procedures have been employed in bench and
pilot-scale evaluation of grouts.
Keywords: "Grout, 'Ground water, 'Water flow, 'Haz-
ardous materials, Performance evaluation, Sites, Bar-
riers, Slurries, Ditches, Pilot plants, Gels, Industrial
wastes, Solidification, Injection wells, Durability, Per-
meability, Chemical wastes, 'Ground water move-
ment, 'Path of pollutants.
PB84-183649/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Immunotoxicity of Air Pollutants,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. A. Graham, and D. E. Gardner. 1984,48p EPA-600/
D-84-096
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
The most common ubiquitous air pollutants, as well as
some point source (e.g. metals) air pollutants, de-
crease the function of pulmonary host defense mecha-
nisms against infection. Most of this knowledge is
based on animal studies and involves cellular antibac-
terial defenses such as alveolar macrophages and mu-
cociliary clearance. Information on viral infectivity is
more sparse. Since there is no routine treatment for
viral infections which have a relatively high rate of oc-
currence, this gap in knowledge is of concern. Given
the major gaps in knowledge, reseasonably accurate
assessment of the immunotoxicity of air pollutants is
not possible. When the limited data base is reviewed
relative to ambient levels of the common pollutants, it
appears that acute exposures to 03 and H2S04 and
chronic exposures to N02 are the major exposures of
concern for immunotoxic effects. It is critical to point
out, however, that until information is available for
chronic exposures to low levels of metals and for ex-
posures to common organic vapors, the immunotoxi-
city of air pollutants cannot be assessed adequately.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Toxicity, 'Immunology,
"Viral diseases, Ozone, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen diox-
ide, Exposure, Sulfuric acid, Metals, Public health, "Air
pollution eftects(Humans).
PB84-183656/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Related to Sewage Effluent Dis-
charge into Fresh Water Environments,
Gannon Univ., Erie, PA.
S. J. Zagorski, A. P. Dufour, R. A. Gammon, and G. A.
Kraus. Apr 84, 31p* EPA-600/D-84-109
Grant EPA-R-809342
The relationship between sewage effluent particulates
which reach bathing beaches and swimming-associat-
ed health effects was examined. A differential filtration
procedure was used to quantify the density of particles
greater than 3 microns in size carrying viable Escheri-
chia coli cells which served as a surrogate pathogen
and the average number of Escherichia coli per parti-
cle. Total particle density also was measured. Health
effects were determined using a prospective epidemi-
ological approach. The results of this two-year study
show that there is an apparent relationship between
swimming-associated illness rates and the density of
microbial-bearing particulates at a freshwater beach.
No relationship was observed between swimming-as-
sociated health effects and the total density of parti-
cles or the average number ol viable bacterial units per
particle. These results suggest that pathogens associ-
ated with illness in swimmers may circumvent disinfec-
tion and natural purification processes and reach bath-
ing beaches by virtue of their being encapsulated in
fecal particulates.
Keywords; 'Effluents, Public health, Epidemiology,
"Sewage treatment effluents, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), Particulates, Pathogens.
PB84-184233/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Birffer Additives for Lime/Limestone Slurry
Scrubbing Synthesis, Maw Transfer, and Degra-
dation. Final rept. Oct 80-Oct 83,
Texas Univ. at Austin. Dept. of Chemical Engineering.
G T Rochelle, R. J. Smith, W. T. Weems, M. W.
Hsiang, and T. Lee. Apr 84,287p EPA-600/7-84-052
Grant EPA-R-806743
The report gives results of experimental studies, per-
formed with buffer additives, useful for flue gas desul-
furization by lime/limestone slurry scrubbing. The most
attractive acids for further testing are adipic, mixtures
of waste dibasic organic, sulfosuccinic, hydroxypro-
pionic, and hydroxyacetic acids.
Keywords: 'Buffers(Chemistry), "Additives, 'Air pollu-
tion control equipment, 'Scrubbers, Calcium oxides,
Synthesis(Chemistry), Mass transfer, Degradation,
Slurries, Flue gases, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Sulfur dioxide, Organic acids, "Limestone
scrubbing, Flue gas desulfurization.
PB84-184S55/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
Environmental Pollution Control Alternatives: Ec-
onomics of Wastewater Treatment Alternatives
for the Electroplating Industry. Final rept.
Centec Corp., Reston, VA.
Jun 79,79p* EPA-625/5-79-016
Contract EPA-68-03-2672
This report addresses the economics of wastewater
treatment alternatives as a guide for minimizing the
costs of meeting water pollution control requirements.
Initially, operating and investment costs are presented
for conventional wastewater treatment systems em-
ployed by the electroplating industry. These systems
are then compared with alternative technologies that
may offer cost savings. Finally, modifications capable
of reducing raw material use and pollution costs are
described.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, "Electroplating,
"Economic analysis, Comparison, Industrial waste
treatment, Substitutes, Cost analysis, Revisions, Mate-
rials recovery, Oxidation, Reduction(Chemistry), Oper-
ating costs, Capitalized costs, "Water pollution eco-
nomics, Sludge treatment.
PB84-184704/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Determination of a Range of Concern for Mobile
Source Emissions of Formaldehyde Based Only
on its Toxicological Properties,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technical Support Staff.
P. M. Carey. Jul 83,63p" EPA-AA-TSS-83-5
This report describes an effort by the Emission Control
Technology Division of the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) to suggest a range of concern for form-
aldehyde (HCHO) emissions from mobile sources. In
accordance with section 202 (a) (4) of the Clean Air
Act (CAA) and due to a concern within industry as to
what emission levels will be used as the basis for the
evaluation of current and future technologies, a meth-
odology was developed in order to bracket a range of
concern for various unregulated pollutants. This report
coordinates the efforts from two EPA contracts in
order to use this methodology specifically for an eval-
uation of formaldehyde. Mathematical models were
previously designed for various exposure scenarios
(such as enclosed spaces, expressways, and street
canyons). These models were used to calculate the
ambient air concentrations resulting from various
mobile source formaldehyde emission factors. In con-
jection with this, an formaldehyde health effects litera-
ture search was conducted to aid in the determination
of the suggested range of concern. The results of the
analysis suggest a range of concern for ambient form-
aldehyde concentrations.
Keywords: "Formaldehyde, 'Exhaust emissions,
'Toxicology, 'Motor vehicles, "Air pollution, Public
health, Concentration(Composition), Mathematical
models. Gasoline, Methyl alcohol. Industrial hygiene,
'Air pollution effects(Humans), Alcohol fuels, Catalytic
reactors(Exhaust systems), Emission factors, Occupa-
tional safety and health.
PB04-184753/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Development of the Mesopuff II Dispersion
Model. Final rept.,
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Con-
cord, MA.
J. S. Scire, F. W. Lurmann, A. Bass, and S. R. Hanna.
Apr 84, 92p* EPA-600/3-84-057
Contract EPA-68-02-3733
The development of the MESOPUFF II regional-scale
air quality model is described. MESOPUFF II is a La-
grangian variable-trajectory puff superposition model
suitable for modeling the transport, diffusion and re-
moval of air pollutants from multiple point and area
sources at transport distances beyond the range of
conventional straight-line Gaussian plume models. It is
an extensively modified version of the MESOscale
PUFF (MESOPUFF) model. Major additions and en-
hancements include: use of hourly surface meteoro-
logical data and twice-daily rawinsonde data; separate
wind fields to represent flow within and above the
boundary layer; parameterization of vertical dispersion
in terms of micrometeorological turbulence variables;
parameterization of S02 to S04(-2) and NOx to N03(-
1) conversion, including the chemical equilibrium of the
HN03/NH3/NH4N03 system; resistance modeling of
dry deposition, including options for source or surface
depletion; time- and space-varying wet removal; and a
computationally efficient puff sampling function. The
scientific and operational bases for these develop-
ments are described. The results of a preliminary eval-
uation of several model algorithms during a two-day
period of the Tennessee Plume Study are also pre-
sented.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Mathematical models,
Transport properties, Diffusion, Chemical equilibrium,
Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen oxides, Ammonia, Ammonium
compounds, Chemical reactions, Sampling, Reaction
kinetics, Photochemistry, Precipitation(Meteorology),
"Mesopuff models, "Air quality, "Atmospheric diffu-
sion, Dry deposition, Point sources, Numerical solu-
tion.
PB84-184902/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Laboratory-Scale Flame-Mode Hazardous Waste
Thermal Destruction Research,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
J. C. Kramlich, M. P. Heap, J. H. Pohl, E. Poncelet, and
G. S. Samuelsen. Apr 84,155p* EPA-600/2-84-086
Contract EPA-68-03-3113
This research is to investigate the flame mode inciner-
ability of hazardous waste compounds. It was also de-
signed to provide a comparison between flame and
non-flame destruction of compounds and act as a
guideline for future work on the development of an ac-
ceptable incinerability ranking methodology. Two
flame reactors were used in order to simulate a wide
variety of failure conditions for liquid injection inciner-
ators. The first reactor was called a microspray and
consisted of droplets injected into a hydrocarbon flat-
flame. The second reactor was a turbulent flame reac-
tor which allowed the investigation of failure conditions
in spray flames such as mixing, atomization and
quench phenomenon. The compounds investigated in-
cluded: chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, benzene,
chlorobenzene, and acrylonitrile.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Incineration, "Solid
waste disposal, Pyrolysis, Combustion, Performance
evaluation, Chloroform, Chloroethanes, Acrylonitriles,
Laboratory equipment, Ranking, Recommendations,
Benzene, Ethane/dichloro, Benzene/chloro.
PB84-184910/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Interaction between Normal Human Diploid Cell*
and Chemical Carctnogens/Mutaaens 'In vitro'.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. D. Waters, and S. L. Huang. Apr 84,20p EPA-600/
D-84-108
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Health
Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park
NC.
The objectives of the present studies were to develop
sensitive, reproducible methods for detecting muta-
tions in normal human fibroblast cells and to demon-
strate dose-related mutagenesis by known and poten-
tial carcinogens. The authors have modified conven-
tional test procedures for detecting mutations in
human fibroblasts to enhance the system's sensitivity
These modifications include the use of cell synchroni-
zation, multiple treatments and exogenous metabolic
activation. In bacteria and viruses, mutagens act pri-
marily on replicating DNA and preferentially at the rep-
lication point. They increase the mutation frequency of
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
a given gene most effectively if administered while that
gene is being replicated. Experiments with synchro-
nized mammalian cells have indicated that DNA syn-
thesis is required for mutatation.
Keywords: "Cells(Biology), Interactions, In vitro analy-
sis, Detection, "Carcinogenesis, 'Mutagenesis.
PB84-185206/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Review of New Source Performance Standards
for Nitric Acid Plants.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Apr 84, 65p* EPA-450/3-84-011
This report reviews the current New Source Perform-
ance Standards for Nitric Acid Plants. It includes a
summary of the current standards, the status of cur-
rent applicable control technology, and the ability of
plants to meet the current standards.
Keywords: "Chemical industry, "Nitric acid, "Stand-
ards, "Air pollution control, Performance evaluation,
Reviews, Industrial wastes, Adsorption, Catalysis,
Scrubbing, Nitrogen oxides, Cost analysis, "New
source performance standards, "Air pollution abate-
ment.
PB84-185214/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Air Pollution Effects on Aquatic Ecosystems:
Summary of a Symposium. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
R. W. Elias, T. B. Inge, and P. Von Ward. Apr 84,53p*
EPA-600/9-84-010
Prepared in cooperation with Delphi Research Associ-
ates, Washington, DC.
Summarizing presentations at a symposium on air pol-
lutant effects on aquatic ecosystems, this document
includes an overview of U.S. research programs, at-
mospheric emissions and deposition, cycling process-
es, and effects on plants and animals. Current U.S. re-
search addresses ecosystem classification and inven-
tory by sensitivity to acidity, interactions between wa-
tershed terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and ef-
fects. Atmospheric input to aquatic ecosystems may
be gaseous or particulate and by wet and dry deposi-
tion. Particle dry deposition is most predictable; gase-
ous dry deposition models exist but are not yet reliable
for regional scale. Linear correlation may exist be-
tween air sulfate content and deposition acidity.
Source apportionment has been used to relate deposi-
tion to emission sources. Radioactive isotope studies
of cycling processes within aquatic ecosystems have
shown that particulate metals are usually removed
from the aqueous phase by sedimentation rather than
with outflowing water. A chronological record of at-
mospheric inputs to aquatic ecosystems may be found
in carefully taken sediment samples.
Keywords: "Ecology, "Air pollution. "Aquatic biology,
'Acidity, "Meetings, Gases, Inorganic sulfates, Depo-
sition, Radioactive isotopes, Sediments, Sampling, pH,
Fishes, Amphibia, Fresh water biology, Metals, Air
pollution effects(Animals), Ecosystems, Acid precipita-
tion.
PB84-185222/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Anti-Tamperlng and Antl-Mlsfueling Programs to
Reduce In-Use Emissions from Motor vehicles.
Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technical Support Staff.
31 Dec 83,137p* EPA-AA-TSS-83-10
EPA has been collecting data since 1978 on the occur-
rence of tampering and misfuellng to assess the mag-
nitude of the problem. This report examines the rates
of tampering and misfueling, the effects of misfueling
and disablement of individual emission control compo-
nents on vehicle emissions, which vehicles are
equipped with each emission component, and the esti-
mated cost of repairs. The methodology used to esti-
mate the excess emissions caused by tampering is ex-
plained. Programs to prevent misfueling are discussed.
Also included is the use of the MOBILE3 emission
factor model used to calculate the adjustments to local
conditions.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Exhaust emissions,
Assessments, Inspection, Maintenance, Hydrocar-
bons, Gasoline, Evaporation, 'Catalytic
reactors(Exhaust systems), "Misfueling, "Automobile
exhaust, MOBILE models.
PB84-1852S5/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Review of Recent Applications of the SAI Urban
Airshed Model,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
D. E. Layland, and H. S. Cole. Dec 83,69p* EPA-450/
4-84-004
Reviewed are studies in St. Louis, Denver, Los Ange-
les, and Tulsa on the use of the SAI Urban Airshed
Model for the development of strategies for ozone
control. The SAI Urban Airshed Model is a three-di-
mensional photochemical grid model incorporating the
Carbon-Bond Kinetics Mechanism. The report dis-
cusses the availability of aerometric data in the four
studies and the sensitivity of model predictions to se-
lected input parameters. An analysis is presented of
the performance of the model with respect to ambient
ozone observations. Issues and results pertaining to
use of the model for control strategy analyses are
identified and discussed. It is anticipated that potential
users may benefit from the experiences in applying the
model which are described here.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Ozone, "Atmospher-
ic models, "Mathematical models. Performance eval-
uation, Reviews, Nitrogen oxides, Hydrocarbons, Me-
teorological data, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, "Urban airshed model, "Air quality, Stationary
sources.
PB84-185S37/HSU	PC E99
Results of the Nationwide Urban Runoff Program.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Dec 83,1307p-in4v
Set includes PB84-185545 through PB84-185578.
No abstract available.
PB84-185S45/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Results of the Nationwide Urban Runoff Program.
Executive Summary. Final rept. 1978-83,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
D. N. Athayde, P. E. Shelley, E. D. Driscoll, D. Gaboury,
and G. Boyd. Dec 83,30p
See also PB84-185552. Prepared in cooperation with
Woodward-Clyde Consultants, Rockville, MD. and EG
and G Washington Analytical Services Center, Inc.,
Rockville, MD.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB84-
185537.
This document provides a brief overview of the Nation-
wide Urban Runoff Program, and the conclusions
reached, and issues identified.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Water pollution, "Urban areas,
Hydrology, Stream flow, Rainfall, Snowmelt, Land use,
Sediment transport, Water quality management, Wa-
tersheds, "Storm water runoff, "Urban hydrology.
PB84-18S552/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Results of the Nationwide Urban Runoff Program.
Volume 1. Final Report. Rept. for 1978-83,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
D. N. Athayde, P. E. Shelley, E. D. Driscoll, D. Gaboury,
and G. Boyd. Dec 83,200p
See also PB84-185545 and PB84-185560. Prepared in
cooperation with Woodward-Clyde Consultants, Rock-
ville, MD. and EG and G Washington Analytical Serv-
ices Center, Inc., Rockville, MD.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB84-
185537.
This volume of the Report includes information on the
background and urban runoff perspectives, storm-
water management, methods of analysis, characteris-
tics of urban runoff, receiving water quality effects of
urban runoff, runoff controls, and conclusions.
Keywords: 'Hydrology, 'Runoff, 'Water pollution,
"Urban areas, Sediment transport, Rainfall, Snowmelt,
Storm drains, Land use, Civil engineering, Water qual-
ity, Management, Watersheds, 'Storm water runoff,
'Urban hydrology.
PB84-185560/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Results of the Nationwide Urban Runoff Program.
Volume 2. Appendices. Final rept. 1978-83,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
D. N. Athayde, P. E. Shelley, E. D. Driscoll, D. Gaboury,
and G. Boyd. Sep 82,868p
See also PB84-185552 and PB84-185578. Prepared in
cooperation with Woodward-Clyde Consultants, Rock-
ville, MD. and EG and G Washington Analytical Serv-
ices Center, Inc., Rockville, MD.Portions of this docu-
ment are not fully legible.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB84-
185537.
This Volume of Appendices includes an individual Ap-
pendix on each of the following: Selected site charac-
teristics; Selected event data; Data analysis method-
ologies; Wet weather water quality criteria; Project
summaries; Priority pollutant report; Project descrip-
tions; ORD report.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Water pollution, "Urban areas,
'United States, Project planning, Water quality, Rivers,
Stream pollution, Dust, Streets, Rainfall, Sites, Sedi-
ment transport, Removal, Metals, Tables(Data), Res-
ervoirs, Water storage, "Urban hydrology, 'Storm
water runoff.
PB84-1S5578/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Results of the Nationwide Urban Runoff Program.
Volume 3. Data Appendix. Final rept. 1978-83,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
D. N. Athayde, P. E. Shelley, E. D. Driscoll, D. Gaboury,
and G. Boyd. Dec 83,209p
See also PB84-185560. Prepared in cooperation with
Woodward-Clyde Consultants, Rockville, MD. and EG
and G Washington Analytical Services Center, Inc.,
Rockville, MD.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB84-
185537.
This volume contains monitoring data accumulated
during the project period, used in developing the
report.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Water pollution, "Urban areas,
Stream flow, Monitoring, Biochemical oxygen demand,
Metals, Nutrients, Coliform bacteria, Sites,
Tables(Data), 'Urban hydrology, 'Storm water runoff,
Total suspended solids, Organic loading.
PB84-186063/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Compendium of Reported Physical and Chemical
Characterization Data for Petroleum and Synthet-
ic Fuel Products. Volume 1. Petroleum ana Shale
Oil Products,
TRW Energy Systems Group, Redondo Beach, CA.
S. Quillvan, A. Panahloo, M. Ghassemi, and M. Haro.
Oct 82,277p EPA-560/4-84-001A
Contract EPA-68-02-3174
See also Volume 2, PB84-186071.
This compendium consolidates a large quantity of di-
verse data which have been generated and reported
by numerous investigators over the past several dec-
ades. The products for which data have been compiled
are: crude petroleum, raw and hydrotreated shale oil,
raw and hydrotreated whole coal liquids and interme-
diates, and petroleum-, coal-, and shale-derived naph-
tha, jet and diesel fuels and other light fuel oils, heavy
fuel oils, and residua. Coal liquids addressed are those
from H-Coal, EDS, SRC-I and SRC-II direct coal lique-
faction processes. Sixty-six individual properties relat-
ing to the following six characterization categories are
covered: general physical and chemical properties,
elemental composition data, hydrocarbon compound
class properties, nitrogen-, oxygen-, and sulfur-con-
taining compounds/compound class properties, prop-
erties of various distillation fractions, and properties of
'non-primary' products and their distillation fractions.
Primarily, this effort has consisted of assembling data
and has not included evaluation of data quality or the
development of conclusions as to similarities and dif-
ferences between a synfuel and its analogous petrole-
um product. Limitations of the data base are noted.
Keywords: 'Petroleum products, 'Physical properties,
"Chemical properties, 'Shale oil, Chemical com-
pounds, Distillation, Crude oil, Fuels, Tables(Data), Jet
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
engine fuels, Diesel fuels, Air pollution, "Synthetic
fuels, 'Toxic substances.
PB84-186071/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Compendium of Reported Physical and Chemical
Characterization Data for Petroleum and Synthet-
ic Fuel Products. Volume 2. Direct Coal Liquefac-
tion Products,
TRW Energy Systems Group, Redondo Beach, CA.
S. Quinlivan, A. Panahloo, M. Ghassemi, and M. Haro.
Oct 82, 648p EPA-560/4-84-001B
Contract EPA-68-02-3174
See also Volume 1, PB84-186063.
This compendium consolidates a large quantity of di-
verse data which have been generated and reported
by numerous investigators over the past several dec-
ades. The products for which data have been compiled
are: crude petroleum, raw and hydrotreated shale oil,
raw and hydrotreated whole coal liquids and interme-
diates, and petroleum-, coal-, and shale-derived naph-
tha, jet and diesel fuels and other light fuel oils, heavy
fuel oils, and residua. Coal liquids addressed are those
from H-Coal, EDS, SRC-I and SRC-II direct coal lique-
faction processes. Sixty-six individual properties relat-
ing to the following six characterization categories are
covered: general physical and chemical properties,
elemental composition data, hydrocarbon compound
class properties, nitrogen-, oxygen-, and sulfur-con-
taining compounds/compound class properties, prop-
erties of various distillation fractions, and properties of
'non-primary' products and their distillation fractions.
Primarily, this effort has consisted of assembling data
and has not included evaluation of data quality or the
development of conclusions as to similarities and dif-
ferences between a synfuel and its analogous petrole-
um product. Limitations of the data base are noted.
Keywords: "Petroleum products, "Coal liquids,
"Chemical properties, "Physical properties, Jet engine
fuels, Diesel fuels, Chemical compounds,
Tables(Data), Distillation, Air pollution, Fuels, "Coal liq-
uefaction, "Synthetic fuels, "Toxic substances.
PB84-186089/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Capture-and-Containment Systems for Hazardous
Material Spills on Land. Final rept. Jan 77-Apr 80,
MSA Research Corp., Evans City, PA.
M. D. Marshall. Apr 84, 79p* EPA-600/2-84-084
Contract EPA-68-03-2507
This report covers the investigation of methods for
sealing the surface of soils and preventing the percola-
tion of spilled hazardous materials into the ground. The
objective was to develop a portable, self-contained,
universal sealing system which could be operated by
one man, retain the spilled material through a 24-hr re-
moval period, and pose no subsequent hazard to the
user or to the environment. Sprayable sealant systems
were investigated extensively but proved to be imprac-
tical. Of the sealants investigated, only polyurethane
foam showed any promise of sealing soil surfaces par-
ticularly under the severe weather conditions that gen-
erally accompany bulk transport accidents. However,
the quantity of chemical required to seal soil (especial-
ly grassy substrates) far exceeded the amount consid-
ered practical for a portable system. Polyethylene film
in the shape of a one-end-closed tube proved to be the
most practical means of containing and collecting haz-
ardous material spills.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Soil stabilization,
•Sealers, Polyurethane, Polymeric films, Weathering,
Foam, Performance evaluation, "Hazardous materials
spills, "Land pollution.
PB84-186097/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Performance of an Electrostatically Augmented
Fabric Filter Pilot Plant. Rept. for May 80-Feb 83,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A S Viner D. W. Van Osdell, M. B. Ranade, and L. S.
Hovis. 1984, 12p* EPA-600/D-84-106
Contract EPA-68-02-3186
The paper gives results of a preliminary analysis of the
economic feasibility of a pulse-jet-cleaned electrostati-
cally augmented baghouse or fabric filter (ESFF). The
134 Vol. 90, No. 24
ESFF pulse-jet baghouse, designed for a gas/cloth
ratio of 2.4 m/min, would have a total annual cost that
is 30% lower than that of a conventional pulse-jet
baghouse designed for a gas/cloth ratio of 1.2 m/min.
Evaluation of the economics of a reverse-air-cleaned
ESFF baghouse is still underway, as are further pilot-
plant and laboratory studies designed to elucidate the
mechanism of ESFF.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, Electro-
statics, Economic analysis, Performance evaluation,
Aerosols, Design criteria, Pilot plants, Particles, Elec-
tric power plants, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, "Fabric filters, "Baghouses.
PB84-186105/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Div, of Stationary Source Enforcement.
RACT Compliance Guidance for Carbon Ad-
sorbers on Perchloroethylene Drycleaners. Final
rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Arlington, TX.
C. M. Harvey, and J. E. Spessard. May 80,57p* EPA-
340/1-80-007
Contract EPA-68-01-4147
RACT requirements for perchloroethylene (perc) dry-
cleaners require that the owner or operator vent the
dryer exhaust through a carbon adsorption system or
equally effective control device and emit no more than
110 ppm of VOC from the control system. A recent in-
ventory of drycleaning establishments indicates that
approximately 10,000 facilities are located in nonat-
tainment areas and must comply with this RACT re-
quirement. Because emission testing of each source
would be a formidable task for federal, state, and local
EPA personnel, a compliance documentation method
that would reduce enforcement effort is needed. This
report provides a compilation of control equipment
manufacturers' recommendations of combinations of
adsorbers and perc drycleaning equipment to comply
with RACT regulations. The recommended combina-
tions, however, may have to be adjusted based on
source testing of the various configurations.
Keywords: "Dry cleaning, "Air pollution control, "Law
enforcement, Standards, Regulations, Design criteria,
Adsorbates, Chlorine organic compounds, "Perchlor-
oethylene, "Air pollution abatement, "Volatile organic
compounds, "Reasonably available control technolo-
gy, Emission factors.
PB84-186832/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Draft Asbestos Health Assessment Update,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
W. J. Nicholson. Feb 84,146p EPA-600/8-84-003A
Prepared in cooperation with Mount Sinai School of
Medicine, New York. Environmental Sciences Lab.
Data developed since the early 1970's from large pop-
ulation studies with long follow-up strengthen the as-
sociation of asbestos exposure to disease. Lung
cancer and mesothelioma are the most important as-
bestos-related causes of death among exposed indi-
viduals. The accumulated data suggest that the
excess risk of lung cancer from asbestos exposure is
proportional to the cumulative exposure (the duration
times the intensity) and the underlying risk of lung
cancer in the absence of exposure. The risk of death
from mesothelioma appears to be proportional to the
cumulative exposure to asbestos in a given period.
Animal studies confirm the human epidemiological re-
sults. All major asbestos varieties produce lung cancer
and mesothelioma with only limited differences in car-
cinogenic potency. Some measurements demonstrate
that significant asbestos exposure, exceeding 100
times the background, occurs to individuals in non-oc-
cupational environments. Currently, the most impor-
tant of these non-occupational exposures is from the
release of fibers from asbestos-containing surfacing
materials in schools, auditoriums, and other public
buildings or from asbestos fireproofing sprayed in high-
rise office buildings.
Keywords: "Asbestos, "Public health, "Air pollution,
"Toxicology, "Industrial medicine, Malignant neo-
plasms, Assessments, Exposure, Dosage, Insulation,
Cement, Manufacturing, Textile industry, Buildings, En-
vironmental surveys, Mining, Laboratory animals, Risk,
"Air pollution effects(Humans), "Occupational safety
and health, "Indoor air pollution, Lung cancer, Cancer
PB84-186840/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Inspection Manual for Control of Volatile Organic
Emissions from Gasoline Marketing Operations,
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Santa Monica
CA.
R. J. Gordon, G. Quinn, R. Sakaida, and V. Scott. Jan
80, 196p EPA-340/1-80-012
Contract EPA-68-01 -4140
The inspection manual describes gasoline marketing
operations and control requirements and provides in-
spection guidelines for: (1) Tank truck gasoline loading
terminals; (2) Bulk gasoline plants; (3) Gasoline tank
trucks; and (4) Fixed roof storage tanks. This manual is
presented in a loose leaf format to permit ready incor-
poration of modifications and revisions to the data pre-
sented.
Keywords: "Gas distribution, "Inspection, "Air pollu-
tion control, "Gasoline, "Industrial plants, "Guidelines,
"Manuals, Tank trucks, Cargo transportation, Storage
tanks, Organic compounds, Sources, Distribution sys-
tems, "Volatile organic compounds, "Fugitive emis-
sions, Reasonably available control technology.
PB84-186857/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Summary of Available Portable VOC (Volatile Or-
ganic Compound) Detection Instruments. Final
rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Arlington, TX.
M. Y. Anastas, and H. J. Belknap. Mar 80,49p EPA-
340/1-80-010
Contract EPA-68-01 -4147
Federal, state, and local enforcement agencies will re-
quire accurate, portable, and relatively inexpensive in-
struments and methods for effective compliance moni-
toring of volatile organic compound (VOC) emission
sources. This report presents the information gathered
on the performance characteristics of these instru-
ments and methods, A survey of instrument manufac-
turers resulted in information on the cost, weight, and
performance characteristics of four categories of port-
able instruments: ionization detectors, infrared detec-
tors, combustibles analyzers, and miscellaneous in-
struments. Most of the identified instruments are cur-
rently used to detect process leaks. With relatively
minor modifications, however, many of the instruments
could be used to determine compliance.
Keywords: 'Portable equipment, "Gas detectors, "Air
pollution control, "Regulations, National government,
State government, Organic compounds, Performance
evaluation, Standards, Gas analysis, "Volatile organic
compounds, "Air pollution detection, Reasonably
available control technology, Flame ionization detec-
tors, Photoionization detectors, Nondispersive infrared
detectors, Thermal conductivity detectors, Hot wire
detectors.
PB84-187186/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) 1983
Portland Giardia Conference Held on November
14,15, and 16,1983.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Apr 84, 94p EPA-910/9-84-120
The 1983 Portland Giardia Conference was held on
November 14, 15 and 16, 1983 in Portland, Oregon.
National experts on giardia and giardiasis were invited
as well as state and local water officials and purveyors
The people attending had two roles: to hear presenta-
tions and to work together as contributing experts in
small groups on giardia-related topics. The topics were
as follows: Public information, Testing for giardia in
water, Financing for water system improvements
Water system evaluation/risk evaluation, Control
measures for giardia in water systems, Surveillance for
waterborne giardiasis, Future regulatory requirements
and Future research needs.
Keywords: "Giardia, "Giardiasis, 'Potable water
"Meetings, "Water supplies, "Water pollution, Public
health, Microorganisms, Forecasting, Water pollution
control, Regulations, Water analysis, State govern-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB84-187269/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Methods and Results of EPA's (Environmental
Protection Agency's) Study of Radon In Drinking
Water,
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
T. R. Horton. Dec 83,33p EPA-520/5-83-027
In 1978, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),
through its Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility
(EERF), began sampling radon in drinking water.
During the next two to three years, approximately 27
states were included in this pilot study, the purpose of
which was to determine the need for a nationwide
study of radon in drinking water; to demonstrate the
feasibility of such a study; and to develop a limited data
base of radon in drinking water nationwide. The sub-
ject of this paper is the nationwide study that devel-
oped from that pilot study. Samples from more than
2500 public water supplies representing 35 states
were collected. For the most part, samples were from
public groundwater supplies serving 1000 or more
people. Although only about five percent of the total
number of groundwater supplies in the 48 contiguous
states of the U.S. were sampled, those samples repre-
sent nearly 45 percent of the water consumed by the
U.S. groundwater users in the 48 contiguous states.
The intent was to collect samples that represented
what people actually consume from a given public
groundwater supply.
Keywords: 'Radon, "Potable water, "Water supplies,
"Radioactive contaminants, Ground water, Sampling,
Uranium,	Water	analysis,	Sites,
Concentration(Composition), "Water pollution sam-
pling, Natural emissions, Water pollution detection.
PB84-187368/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Postnatal Developmental Alterations Following
Prenatal Exposure to the Herbicide 2,4-Dichloro-
phenyl-p-nltrophenyl Ether: A Dose Response
Evaluation in the Mouse. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. E. Gray, Jr., R. J. Kavlock, N. Chernoff, J. Ostby, and
J. Ferrell. 1983, 16p EPA-600/J-82-177
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 67, p1-
14 1983.
Although nitrogen, 2,4-dichlorophenyl-p-nitrophenyl
ether, is a relatively nontoxic herbicide, prenatal expo-
sure to doses considerably less than the LD50 value
for rats and mice produces numerous developmental
defects that become apparent as the animals mature.
In the present study postnatal development was ob-
served following prenatal exposure during Days 7 to 17
of gestation at doses of 0, 6.25,12.5, 25, 50,100,150,
and 200 mg/kg/day. These doses did not cause ma-
ternal toxicity as indicated by the viability of the dams
or maternal weight gain during pregnancy. By 3 days of
age all pups in the two highest dose groups were dead
and 50% had died in the 100 mg/kg/day dose group.
Some of the dead and moribund pups from the 200
mg/kg/day exposure group necropsied at three days
of age had cleft palate (15%) or diaphragmatic hernia
(6%). In addition, about 22% of the pups at 200 mg/
kg/day developed a distended abdomen from gasping
and swallowing air.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Herbicides, Rats, Mice,
Lethal dosage, Laboratory animals, Exposure, Re-
prints.
PB84-187566/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Flare Efficiency Monitoring by Remote Infrared
Sensing: A Feasibility Demonstration. Final rept.
Jun 82-Nov 83,
OptiMetrics, Inc., Bedford, MA.
M. J. Persky, and R. L. Spellicy. Apr 84,77p* EPA-
600/7-84-053
Contract EPA-68-02-3439
The report gives results of an evaluation, involving field
tests, of passive infrared methods for use in remotely
monitoring the efficiency of industrial flares. The tests
utilized a general infrared measurement device, the
EPA ROSE (Remote Optical Sensing of Emissions), a
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) system. With this
system, infrared emissions from the gaseous exhaust
products of a small scale industrial flare were ob-
served under a wide range of operating conditions, at
several positions in and above the combustion zone.
Major results of this evaluation include: (1) collection
of a data base on flare emissions for a typical flare at
several flow rates of propylene, steam, and nitrogen;
(2) comparison of three runs with simultaneous extrac-
tive probe measurements indicating comparable CO
and C02 concentrations (to within 10-30%) but signifi-
cantly different temperatures (differing by a factor of 2
to 4); (3) determination of a better than 20 ppm detec-
tion threshold for CO using FTIR; and (4) the conclu-
sion that the most serious uncertainties are the spatial
distributions of temperature and gas concentration,
and the detectability of hydrocarbon species.
Keywords: "Remote sensing, "Air pollution, "Flares,
"Monitors, "Optical spectrometers, Infrared spectros-
copy, Performance evaluation, Feasibility, Carbon
monoxide, Carbon dioxide, Soot, Hydrocarbons,
Concentration(Composition), Design criteria, Industrial
wastes, Hazardous materials, Flammable gases,
"Fourier transform spectroscopy, "Air pollution detec-
tion.
PB84-187764/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Ground Water—Mineralogy Relationship for 'In
situ' Oil Shale Retorting. Final rept. Jul 79-Jan 80,
Denver Research Inst., CO.
J. J. Fitzpatrick. Apr 84,653p" EPA-600/2-83-082
Grant EPA-R-807125
Potential ground water problems associated with
Modified In Situ (MIS) oil shale retorting need to be ex-
amined in order to minimize or mitigate possible inva-
sion of spent shale leachates into ground water sys-
tems in actively mined or mined and abandoned sites.
This background report on the hydrology, mineralogy,
and ground water chemistry of the Green River Forma-
tion of the Piceance Basin has been compiled in order
to provide a comprehensive document on what is
known about the three physico-chemical systems
which will interact to produce ground-water quality
variations at an uncontrolled mine site in the Piceance
Basin and more specifically, at either of two federal
lease tracts, Ca and Cb, situated therein.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Ground water, "Water
quality, "Shale oil, Hydrology, Mineralogy, Water
chemistry, Piceance Basin, Colorado, Mineralogy,
Leaching, Chemical reactions, Sites, Tables(Data),
Trace elements, "In situ retorting, Water pollution sam-
pling.
PB84-187772/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati. OH.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Method
Study 22. Method 612-Chlorinated Hydrocarbons.
Rept. for 18 Sep 78-16 Mar 84,
IT Enviroscience, Inc., Knoxvllle, TN.
J. R. Hall, J. R. Florance, D. L. Strother, and M. N.
wass. May 84,107p EPA-600/4-84-039
Contract EPA-68-03-2625
An interlaboratory study in which 20 laboratories par-
ticipated was conducted to provide precision and ac-
curacy statements for the proposed EPA Method 612 -
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons for measuring concentra-
tions of the Category 3 chemicals hexacnloroethane,
hexachlorobutadiene, 2-chloronaphthalene, 1,2-dich-
lorobenzene, 1,3-dichlorobenzene, 1,4-dichloroben-
zene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, hexachlorobenzene,
and hexaclilorocyclopentadiene in municipal and in-
dustrial aqueous discharges. Hexaclilorocyclopenta-
diene was eliminated from the study because of its in-
stability in the solvent used to prepare sample concen-
trates. The study design was based on Youden's plan
for collaborative tests of analytical methods. Three
Youden pair samples of the test compounds were
spiked into six types of test waters and then analyzed.
The test waters were distilled water, tap water, a sur-
face water, and three different industnal wastewater
effluents. The resulting data were statistically analyzed
using the computer program entitled 'Interlaboratory
Method Validation Study' (IMVS). In all cases, there
was no evidence of a statistically significant effect on
accuracy or precision due to water type.
Keywords'. "Chemical analysis, "Chlorine organic com-
pounds, 'Water pollution, Sewage, Industnal wastes,
Water	analysis,	Chlorobenzenes,
Concentration(Composition), *EPA method 612,
"Water pollution detection, Ethane/hexachloro, Buta-
diene/hexachloro, Naphthalene/chloro, Benzene/
dichloro, Benzene/trichloro, Benzene/hexachloro, Cy-
clopentadiene/hexachloro.
PB84-187806/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Feasibility Study for Adapting Present Combus-
tion Source Continuous Monitoring Systems to
Hazardous Waste Incinerators. Volume 2. Review
and Estimation of Incineration Test Conditions.
Final rept. Oct 81-Sep 82,
GCA Corp.. Bedford, MA.
R. Mclnnes, E. Peduto, J. Podlenski, F. Abell, and S.
Gronberg. Mar 84, 78p GCA-TR-82-60-G(2), EPA-
600/8-84-011B
Contract EPA-68-02-3168
See also PB84-187814.
The report gives results of an adaptability study of
commercially available sample conditioning and meas-
urement systems, in the form of a guidelines document
to be used by EPA and industry personnel. As part of
EPA-sponsored research programs to investigate
sampling and analysis methods for hazardous waste
incineration (focused on adapting existing methods for
identifying and quantifying constituents listed in 40
CFR 261), the adaptability of existing continuous emis-
sion monitoring systems (CEMS) involves such meas-
urement categories as S02, SOS, NOx, CO, C02, 02,
HCI, and organic materials. Study results indicate that
commercially available extractive continuous monitors
can be adapted to incinerators through proper sample
conditioning. Available CEMS provide the ranges and
sensitivities needed to accurately measure concentra-
tions of the organic and inorganic components of inter-
est.
Keywords; "Hazardous materials, "Incinerators, "Air
pollution control equipment, "Guidelines, Feasibility,
Sampling, Reviews, Combustion products, Scrubbers,
Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide, Oxygen, Sulfur
oxides, Performance evaluation, Design criteria, Sites,
Fluidized bed processes, Injection, Kilns, Nitrogen
oxides, Hydrogen chioride, "Continuous emission
monitoring systems, "Air pollution sampling, Venturi
scrubbers, Packed beds, Spray cooling, Wet methods.
PB84-187814/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Feasibility Study for Adapting Present Combus-
tion Source Continuous Monitoring Systems to
Hazardous Waste Incinerators. Volume 1. Adapta-
bility Study and Guidelines Document Final rept.
Oct 81-Sep 82,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
J. Podlenski, E. Peduto, R. Mclnnes, F. Abell, and S.
Gronberg. Mar 84,88p GCA-TR-82-60-G(1), EPA-
600/8-84-011A
Contract EPA-68-02-3168
See also PB84-187806.
The report gives results of an adaptability study of
commercially available sample conditioning and meas-
urement systems, in the form of a guidelines document
to be used by EPA and industry personnel. As part of
EPA-sponsored research programs to investigate
sampling and analysis methods for hazardous waste
incineration (focused on adapting existing methods for
identifying and quantifying constituents listed in 40
CFR 261), the adaptability of existing continuous emis-
sion monitoring systems (CEMS) involves such meas-
urement categories as S02, S03, NOx, CO, C02, 02,
HC1, and organic materials. Study results indicate that
commercially available extractive continuous monitors
can be adapted to incinerators through proper sample
conditioning. Available CEMS provide the ranges and
sensitivities needed to accurately measure concentra-
tions of the organic and inorganic components of inter-
est.
Keywords: 'Gasdetectors, 'Hazardous materials, 'In-
cinerators, 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Guide-
lines, 'Monitors, Fluidized bed processes, Feasibility,
Sampling, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis, Monitors,
Inorganic compounds, Organic compounds, Particles,
Injection, Kilns, Performance evaluation, Design crite-
ria, Luminescence, Spectrochemical analysis, Contin-
uous emission monitoring systems, 'Air pollution sam-
pling, 'Air pollution detection, State of the art.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB84-187889/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
Performance Audit Results for POHC (Principle
Organic Hazardous Constituents): VOST (Volatile
Organic Sampling Train) and Gas Measurement
Methods. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. K. M. Jayanty, J. A. Sokash, W. F. Gutknecht, and C.
E. Decker. May 04, 41 p' EPA-600/4-84-036
Contract EPA-68-02-3431
This report includes the results of a pilot audit program
on source emission measurement systems used to
measure POHC (Principle Organic Hazardous Con-
stituents). Four laboratories currently active in sam-
pling and analysis of POHC during trial burns at haz-
ardous waste incinerators were included in the pilot
audit program. Two source emission measurement
systems frequently used for volatile POHC measure-
ment during trial burns were audited. These measure-
ment systems are the volatile organic sampling train
(VOST) and bag measurement technique. The audits
were conducted using gas cylinders containing five or-
ganics (carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, perchoroeth-
ylene, vinyl chloride and benzene). Results from the
pilot audit program demonstrate gas cylinders are a
very effective means of assessing accuracy of volatile
POHC measurement systems. Audit results are report-
ed in the report.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Audits, 'Inciner-
ators, "Organic compounds, *Air pollution, Carbon tet-
rachloride, Chloroform, Vinyl chloride, Performance
evaluation, Concentration(Composition), Gas analysis,
Chemical analysis, Recommendations, Sampling,
"Principle organic hazardous constituents, "Volatile
organic sampling trains, "Air pollution sampling, "Air
pollution detection, Ethylene/perchloro, Benzene,
Volatile organic compounds.
PB84-187905/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinati,
OH.
Effective Filtration Methods for Small Water Sup-
piles. Final rept. Jun 81-Mar 84,
Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
J. L. Cleasby, D. J. Hilmoe, C. Dimitracopoulos, and L.
M. Diaz-Bossio. May 84, 261 p* EPA-600/2-84-088
Grant EPA-R-808837
A 2-year study was conducted of various simple water
filtration systems potentially appropriate for high-qual-
ity surface waters serving small systems. A slow sand
filter without coagulant and a direct, rapid filter with co-
agulant were operated in parallel. Direct filtration with
and without flocculation were compared in parallel In
one phase of the study; declining- and constant-rate
filtration were compared in parallel in another phase.
The study was designed to emphasize simple treat-
ment systems for small supplies where operational
skill and attention may be lacking. The systems were
compared while monitoring turbidity, particle count,
and coliform bacteria in the influent and filtered water.
Keywords: "Water treatment, "Filtration, "Water qual-
ity, Performance evaluation, Potable water, Design cri-
teria, Coagulants, Flocculation, Turbidity, Coliform
bacteria, Sand filtration, Monitoring.
PB84-187913/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Production and Management of Leachate from
Municipal Landfills: Summary and Assessment.
Final rept. Sep 79-Mar 82,
Calscience Research, Inc., Huntington Beach, CA.
J. C. S. Lu, B. Eichenberger, R. J. Stearns, and I.
Melnyk. May 84,474p* EPA-600/2-84-092
Contract EPA-68-03-2861
An assessment was made to evaluate production and
management of leachate from municipal landfills for
purposes of identifying practical information and tech-
niques which may be useful to design engineers and
site operators. Also assessed were: advantages, limi-
tations, and comparative costs of various approaches
for the estimation and mitigation of environmental and
public health impacts, management options, and addi-
tional research needs on the generation, control, and
monitoring of landfill leachates. Numerous mathemati-
cal models have been proposed for estimating leach-
ate generation and are usually based on the water bal-
ance method. Several models have been proposed
136 Vol. 90, No. 24
which are fairly successful in simulating the change in
leachate strength with increasing landfill age or cum-
mulative leachate volume. A zone of saturation moni-
toring program is established to give a prompt indica-
tion of groundwater contamination.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Solid waste disposal,
"Sewage, "Sludge disposal, Leaching, Ground water,
Water pollution control, Assessments, Management
planning, Cost analysis, Transport properties, Hydrolo-
gy, Sewage sludges.
PB84-187962/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Testing and Evaluation of an Alcohol Production
Facility Utilizing Potatoes as a Feedstock. Final
rept.,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
W. Kuby, S. Nackord, and W. Wyss. May 84, 52p*
EPA-600/2-84-091
Contract EPA-68-03-3043
This study presents the sampling and analysis results
for the characterization of liquid effluents and solid re-
siduals from a culled potato feedstock process for the
production of ethanol for use as fuel. The facility tested
produces approximately 1 million gallons per year of
ethanol and is located in eastern Idaho. Liquid and
solid samples were taken throughout the process from
the following locations: sluice/flume water, chopper
product, makeup water, cooker product, fermenter
product, beer tank, stillage, interim and final product,
washwater, fusel oil, bath and 'Sparkle' bath. Analyti-
cal results for the ethanol plant effluents include: etha-
nol and sugar content, conventional parameters,
metals, cyanide, phenols, nutrients, oil and grease, pri-
ority pollutant organics, and selected pesticides. The
most significant characteristics of concern were the
BOD and COD levels.
Keywords: "Potatoes, "Ethyl alcohol, "Environmental
impacts, Biochemical oxygen demand, Sampling, Fer-
mentation, Chemical analysis, Process charting, Per-
formance evaluation, Air pollution, Water pollution,
"Alcohol fuels, "Solid wastes, "Liquid wastes.
PB84-187970/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Assessment of Solid Waste Disposal Practices in
Rural Communities in Alaska. Final rept.,
Alaska Univ., Fairbanks.
T. Tilsworth. May 84, 55p* EPA-600/3-84-059
Contract EPA-R-807981
A study was conducted ot solid waste management
practices in remote communities of Alaska during
1980-1982. This study was conducted in cooperation
with the Alaska Department of Environmental Conser-
vation. Solid waste management problems were identi-
fied for small communities in cold regions and analy-
ses were conducted to determine viable alternatives,
including open dumps, modified landfills and inciner-
ation. A very limited sampling program was conducted
to determine solid waste characteristics. National and
international literature was reviewed, including that of
Canada. The project included site visits to several
small villages, consultation with regulatory officials and
discussion with several Canadian agencies and com-
munities. A national survey was conducted relative to
state regulations pertaining to small community prac-
tices. The results of the study identified many prob-
lems existing in small communities in cold climates
and found that in many cases state regulations are not
enforced and may not be appropriate. The study in-
cludes an analysis of solutions and alternatives avail-
able.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Rural areas,
"Alaska, Sampling, Sites, Substitutes, Earth fills, Incin-
erators, State government, Regulations, Assess-
ments, "Solid waste management, Ocean disposal,
Open dumps.
PB84-188655/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
OTS (Office of Toxic Substances) Information Ar-
chitecture Notebook. Final rept.,
Tracor JITCO, Inc., Rockville, MD.
H. Lau, L. Hall, G. Nowak, and D. Sellers. Aug 83,
188p* EPA-560/7-84-001
Contract EPA-68-01-6651
This notebook represents the first attempt by EPA's
Office of Toxic Substances (OTS) to identify and
assess both its scientific/technical information re-
quirements and major information resources contain-
ing pertinent data. OTS' information requirements are
expressed in terms of data categories and subcategor-
ies which are properly defined and classified. These
data categories and subcategories are matched
against a total of 700 computerized data bases and
manual information resources in a series of matrices
indicating where information may be available. Further-
more, these 700 information resources are evaluated
by using a series of search and system attributes in a
series of matrices depicting the search and system ca-
pabilities for many of these resources. Also included in
this information assessment are the computer models
that OTS has developed for predicting physical/chemi-
cal properties or for assessing chemical fate and envi-
ronmental and human exposure. The major objective
of this effort is to evaluate the adequacy of existing in-
formation resources and to identify major information
gaps. As information requirements and information re-
sources capabilities change, this Notebook will be pe-
riodically updated to reflect these changes.
Keywords: "Information systems, "Chemical com-
pounds, "Public health, "Environmental surveys.
Risks, Assessments, Physical properties, Chemical
properties. Economic analysis. Chemical analysis.
Regulations, Toxicity, "Toxic substances, Path of pol-
lutants, Pollution control.
PB84-1888S3/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Management Report for Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Region 10, March
1983.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Mar 83,80p EPA-910/9-83-102
This report demonstrates results-oriented manage-
ment of Federal and State programs to address public
health and environmental concerns in the Pacific
Northwest. Our approach is to describe and rank the
main environmental problems in Region 10 and to
draw a clear line between those problems and pro-
grams under way to solve them. For the past several
years, this approach has been a fundamental, underly-
ing-and successful-principal in the development of
annual agreements between EPA and the States.
These agreements describe management priorities for
synergistic Federal, State and local work on health and
environmental concerns. The agreements also provide
measurements by which the effectiveness of govern-
ment actions and programs can be gauged. The report
is in three parts. This report is submitted to the public
and environmental program managers to advance ef-
forts to evaluate regional problems in the context of
national environmental goals. The authors believe it
will contribute to a greater awareness of the distinctive
character of the challenge faced by the Environmental
Protection Agency in Region 10.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Public health.
State government, Hazardous materials. Potable
water, Water pollution, Ground water, Solid waste dis-
posal, Pesticides, Air pollution, Estuarines, Particles,
Carbon monoxide, Ozone, Fishes, Exposure, Toxicol-
ogy, Public health, "EPA region 10, "Pacific Northwest
Region(United States), Toxic substances.
PB84-188861/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Petroleum Refinery Enforcement Manual. Final
rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Arlington, TX.
N. A. Kilbourn, J. E. Carruthers, J.X. McClure, D. H.
Mehta, and R. I. Pollard-Cavalli. Jun 80,634p* EPA-
340/1-80-008
Contract EPA-68-01-4147
Petroleum refining involves a wide variety of processes
which are used to convert crude oil into many different
marketable products. The environmental regulations
which govern the refining industry cover a multitude of
sources and pollutants. Like the industry itself, these
regulations are in a dynamic state of change. The com-
plexity of refining processes and the regulations appli-
cable to refineries created a need for a refinery en-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
assist enforcement personnel in understanding the re-
fining industry, as well as to aid them in making inspec-
tions and determining compliance with emission regu-
lations. The manual includes detailed process descrip-
tions; a glossary of refinery terms; a discussion of cur-
rent regulations applicable to refineries; a discussion
of enforcement procedures, including checklists which
can be used during inspections; a list of all the refiner-
ies in the United States; discussions on refining theo-
ries; and a bibliography.
Keywords: 'Petroleum industry, "Refining, *Air pollu-
tion control, "Regulations, 'Manuals, Law enforce-
ment, Design criteria, Inspections, Trends, Hydrocar-
bons, Standards, Guidelines, Reasonably available
control technology, State implementation plans, Fugi-
tive emissions, SIC 2911, New source performance
standards.
PB84-188879/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Method
Study 26, Method 613, 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodlbenzo-
p-DioxIn. Final rept. Nov 79-Dec 82,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
F. D, Hileman, D. E. Kirk, T. Mazer, A. D. Synder, and
B. J. Warner. May 84,82p* EPA-600/4-84-037
Contract EPA-68-03-2856
The experimental design and results of an interlabora-
tory study for dioxin in water is described herein. The
interlaboratory study of EPA Method 613 consisted of
the replicate analyses of a performance evaluation
sample used primarily for determining laboratory com-
petence and subsequent analyses of six sample con-
centrations and a blank in six different waters (42 sam-
ples). Statistical analyses and conclusions in this
report are based on analytical data obtained by eleven
collaborating laboratories. Participating laboratories
were selected based upon technical evaluation of pro-
posals and upon the analytical results of the prestudy
samples. Data obtained from the interlaboratory study
were analyzed employing US EPA's series of comput-
er programs known as the Interlaboratory Method Vali-
dation Study (IMVS) system, which implements the
concepts recommended in ASTM Standard D 2777.
The statistical analyses included tests for the rejection
of outliers, estimation of mean recovery (accuracy),
estimation of single-analyst and overall precisions, and
tests for the effect of water type on accuracy and pre-
cision.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Water pollution, Pesticides, Chemical analy-
sis, Performance evaluation, Samples, Laboratories,
Chromatographic analysis, *EPA method 613,
'Dioxin(Herbicide), 'Water pollution detection.
PB84-188887/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Intrauterine Exposure of Humane to PCBs (Poly-
chlorinated Biphenyls): Newborn Effects,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. School of Public Health.
G. Fein, J. L. Jacobson, S. W. Jacobson, and P.
Schwarz. May 84,89p' EPA-600/3-84-060
Grant EPA-R-808520
Prepared in coooperation with Wayne State Univ., De-
troit, Ml. Dept. of Psychology.
The effect of low-level chronic exposure to polychlori-
nated biphenyls (PCBs) from consumption of Lake
Michigan fish was assessed in pregnant women and
their newborn offspring. Low levels of PCBs remain In
the human body for some time, and caused, in this
sample, decreases in birth weight, head circumfer-
ence, and gestational age of the newborn. PCBs ap-
peared to be transmitted to the infants prior to birth
through the maternal serum, and after birth through
breast milk. Behavioral deficiencies were observed in
the infants exposed to PCBs both in autonomic imma-
turity and depressed responsiveness.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Fetuses, Chlorine organic
compounds, Humans, Exposure, Food consumption,
Pregnancy, Fishes, Lake Michigan, Behavior, 'Poly-
chlorinated biphenyls, 'Intrauterine, Mothers milk.
PB84-189216/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision R
Pesticide Spray Drift Evaluation,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
R. W. Hoist, and T. C. Ellwanger. 1 Apr 84, 24p" EPA-
540/9-84-002
See also PB83-153981.
Subdivision R, a Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and
Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) guideline, prescribes spray
drift evaluation protocols that the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency recommends to support the regis-
tration of formulated end-use products. This subdivi-
sion establishes procedures for testing and data sub-
mission concerning the evaluation of pesticide spray
drift. The studies outlined by this subdivision will not be
required for every product but only for selected chemi-
cals based on their toxicity and use pattern. A summa-
ry of the rulemaking spray drift evaluation test require-
ments can be found in 40 CFR 158. The results of the
spray drift studies together with the toxicity evaluation
of the chemical to humans and nontarget animals and
plants are used to assess the potential hazard of pesti-
cides to these nontarget organisms. Subdivision R
constitutes an additional volume to the original guide-
line series published by the National Technical Infor-
mation Service.
Keywords: "Regulations, 'Pesticides, "Guidelines,
"Toxicity, "Hazardous materials, "Spraying, "Wind-
ward drift, Public health, Humans, Plants(Botany), Ani-
mals, Tolerances(Physiology), Assessments, Field
tests, Drops(Liquids), Particle size. Environmental sur-
veys, 'Toxic substances, 'Federal Insecticide Fungi-
cide and Rodenticide Act, Pesticide residues.
PB84-189257/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Intermediate-Range Grid Model and User's Guide
for Atmospheric Sulfur Dioxide and Sulfate Con-
centrations and Depositions - Wisconsin Power
Plant Impact Study,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Dept. of Mechanical Engi-
neering.
K. E. Wilkening, and K. W. Ragland. May 84,114p*
EPA-600/3-84-061
Grant EPA-R-806878
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Public Service
Corp., Green Bay, Wisconsin Public Service Commis-
sion, Madison, and Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Re-
sources, Madison.
The UWATM-SOX computer model was developed to
address the acid rain problem on a mesoscale. It pre-
dicts sulfur dioxide (Su2) and sulfate (S04) ambient air
concentrations and ground level dry and wet (rain or
snow) depositions given certain emission and meteor-
ological input data. It is a time-dependent, cell-type
model which numerically solves coupled S02 and S04
conservation and mass equations described in an ex-
terior frame of reference for a dilute species in the at-
mospheric boundary layer. Significant features of the
model include: Handling arbitrary wind directions; in-
putting hourly meteorological data; fully computerized
processing of meteorological tapes obtained from the
National Climate Center; simultaneous handling of
point, line, and area sources; accounting for the lofting
condition of point source plumes; describing the at-
mospheric boundary layer by vertically variable but
horizontally uniform wind and diffusivity profiles; han-
dling dry deposition by means of a deposition velocity
which accounts for terrain and net condition; and han-
dling wet deposition by means of a non-linear cold
cloud precipitation model developed by Battelle Pacific
Northwest Labs. The model Is written in ASCII Fortran
and has been applied to the Rainy Lake Watershed in
northern Minnesota and southern Ontario. A 1-yr simu-
lation with an 11 x 13 x 6 cell structure and hourly me-
teorological data changes required 50K core space
and took 6 h of computer up (CPU) time.
Keywords: "Sulfur dioxide, "Sulfates, "Mathematical
models, "Air pollution, Concentration(Composition),
Meteorology, Fortran, Wind(Meteorology), Diffusion,
Transport properties, "Acid rain, Atmospheric disper-
sions, Computer applications. Dry deposition, Wet
deposition.
PB84-189331/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Exhaust Emissions from In-Use Hlgh-Mlleage Pas-
senger Cars 197# Modal Year California Vehicles.
Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Cer-
tification Policy and Support Branch.
A. Lockwood. Dec 83,64p" EPA-AA-CPSB-83-02
This report contains an analysis of the results of Fed-
eral Test Procedure (FTP) emissions testing of 98
1979 model year California vehicles that had accumu-
lated between 40,000 and 50,000 miles. The vehicles
were procured from the general public and represent-
ed the largest selling models and engines marketed by
the major domestic manufacturers during the 1979
model year. All vehicles were screened for proper use
and maintenance. Also, prior to initial emissions test-
ing, minor control system disablements and engine pa-
rameter maladjustments were corrected. Although
some differences exist, the screening criteria and pro-
gram protocols were such that the test results are
comparable to present recall surveillance testing.
Keywords: "Automobiles, "Exhaust emissions, Mainte-
nance, Air pollution, Performance evaluation, Motor
vehicles(1979 models).
PB84-189372/HSU	PC A12
Control of Volatile Organic Compound Leaks from
Synthetic Organic Chemical and Polymer Manu-
facturing Equipment. Guideline series.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Mar 84, 266p EPA-450/3-83-006
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Control techniques guideline documents provide infor-
mation to state and local air pollution control agencies
on the acquisition and processing of air quality data
and on the planning and analysis required to maintain
air quality. This document contains the data and meth-
odologies which EPA believes most accurately de-
scribes reasonably available control technologies
(RACT) for VOC equipment leaks from synthetic or-
ganic chemical and polymer manufacturing plants.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Leakage, "Chemical
industry, 'Organic compounds, 'Guidelines, "Poly-
mers, State government, Equipment, Maintenance,
Water pollution, Solid waste disposal, Cost analysis,
Capitalized costs, Standards, Operating costs, "Fugi-
tive emissions, "Volatile organic compounds, "Air
quality, Reasonably available control technologies,
Stationary sources.
PB84-189380/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Enforceability Aspects for RACT (Reasonably
Available Control Technology) for the Chemical
Synthesis Pharmaceutical Industry. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
T. Briggs, C. Harvey, J. McClure, and R. Pollard-
Cavalli. Jan 81, 93p EPA-340/1-80-016
Contract EPA-68-01-4147
Reasonably available control technology (RACT) re-
quirements apply to pharmaceutical manufacturing
plants using synthesis processes that emit more than
15 pounds per day of volatile organic compounds
(VOC) located in photochemical oxidant nonattain-
ment areas. There are 140 operating pharmaceutical
plants that use chemical synthesis processes in the 10
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regions; 116 of
these are located in nonattainment areas. A current
survey of the operating synthetic pharmaceutical man-
ufacturing plants is necessary for the enforcement of
RACT and for long-range planning of EPA, regional,
and local programs and resources. This report pro-
vides an inventory of the operating synthetic pharma-
ceutical manufacturing plants, an industry process de-
scription, a review of the RACT requirements, and an
evaluation of the model regulations to identify enforce-
ability problems.
Keywords: "Drug industry, *Synthesis(Chemi6try),
"Law enforcement, "Air pollution control. Manufactur-
ing, Organic compounds, Forecasting, Surveys, Indus-
trial wastes, Process charting, Design criteria, Re-
views, Regulations, Mathematical models, Recom-
mendations, 'Reasonably available control technolo-
gy, "Volatile organic compounds, "Air pollution abate-
ment, *Air quality, Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977.
PB84-189612/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
RACT (Reasonably Available Control Technology)
for the Use of Cutback Asphalts in Road Con-
struction and Maintenance: Enforcement Implica-
tions and Equipment Changea. Rept. for 1979-80,
JACA Corp., Fort Washington, PA.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
R. W. Elfstrom, Jr., and R. W. Schlosser. Dec 80,154p
EPA-340/1-80-015
Contract EPA-68-01-4135
Enforcement implications and equipment changes re-
sulting from the adoption of reasonably available con-
trol technology (RACT) for the use of cutback asphalt
in the paving industry are evaluated. RACT, as devel-
oped by the Environmental Protection Agency, prohib-
its the use of cutback asphalt whenever emulsified as-
phalts are reasonably available and acceptable for
use. Applicable regulations, as well as pre- and post-
RACT cutback and emulsified asphalt use patterns are
summarized for California, Colorado, Indiana, Missouri,
Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, and Wisconsin.
Keywords: 'Paving, 'Asphalts, 'Emulsions, Mainte-
nance, Paving equipment, California, Colorado, Indi-
ana, Missouri, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas,
Wisconsin, Seasonal variations, Regulations, 'Cut-
back asphalts.
PB84-189638/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Guidelines for Determination of Laboratory Ac-
ceptability for Analysis of Volatile Organic Pollut-
ants Collected on Tenax GC (Trade Name) Ad-
sorbent. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Systems and Measurements Div.
W. F. Gutknecht, R. K. M. Jayanty, and J. T. Bursey.
Apr 84, 72p* EPA-600/4-84-035
Contract EPA-68-02-3431
A Technical Assistant Document (TAD) has been pre-
pared which is intended to serve as a guide to those
persons responsible for evaluating and/or selecting a
laboratory to perform sampling and analysis of air-
borne, organic pollutants using Tenax GCR polymer
and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, respec-
tively. The document has two principle parts. The first
is a general discussion of the Tenax GCR and GC/MS
techniques. Included in this discussion are (1) prepara-
tion of Tenax GCR sampling cartridges, (2) sampling
with these cartridges, (3) analyte recovery using ther-
mal desorption and (4) qualitative and quantitative
analysis using GC/MS. Also included is a general de-
scription of a quality assurance program for this analyt-
ical effort. The second principal part of this document
provides procedures for evaluating a laboratory's ca-
pabilities to utilize the Tenax GCR and GC/MS meth-
ods in an acceptable manner. Included are general
guidelines for preparation and use of performance
evaluation samples and a questionnaire to perform a
laboratory system's audit. The techniques presented
should also apply to sampling for organic compounds
in general using other solid adsorbents.
Keywords: "Gas analysis, "Adsorbents, "Guidelines,
Air pollution, Gas chromatography. Mass spectrosco-
py, Sampling, Laboratory equipment, Organic com-
pounds, Quality assurance, Auditing, "Volatile organic
compounds, "Tenax GC resins, "Air pollution detec-
tion.
PB84-189646/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Method for Collection and Analysis of Chioroben-
zenes. Final rept. Sep 81-Mar 83,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH. Dayton Lab.
G. W. Wooten, J. E. Strobel, R. C. Gable, J. V.
Pustinger, and C. R. McMillin. May 84,48p* EPA-600/
3-84-058
Contract EPA-68-02-3500
To measure ambient concentrations and individual ex-
posure to potentially hazardous chlorinated organic
compounds, analytical methodology using absorbent-
based samplers (passive exposure devices) and gas
chromatographic techniques were developed. The
samplers selectively absorb and concentrate chlorin-
ated organics and other organic compounds diffusing
into the solid absorbent. Analysis is carried out by de-
sorption of the trapped compounds by heating, sepa-
ration by gas chromatography and detection using a
Hall detector for the chlorinated organics. Sampling
and analytical techniques were evaluated under labo-
ratory conditions with low concentrations of gaseous
compounds and optimized for detection and quantita-
tion. The samplers and analytical techniques are capa-
ble of detecting subparts-per-billion concentrations of
test compounds after one-half hour exposure.
138 Vol. 90, No. 24
Keywords: 'Chlorobenzenes, 'Chemical analysis,
'Samplers, 'Air pollution, Exposure,
Absorbers(Materials), Gas chromatography, Separa-
tion, Concentration(Composition), Chlorine organic
compounds, Public hearth, Dosimeters, Chloroform,
Carbon tetrachloride, Tetrachloroethylene, 'Air pollu-
tion detection, "Air pollution sampling, "Toxic sub-
stances, Air pollution effects(Humans), Occupational
safety and health, Environmental factors, Benzene/
chloro, Benzene, Ethane/trichloro, Ethane/dichloro,
Ethylene/trichloro.
PB84-189679/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Catalyst Activity Test Sequence (CATS). Technical
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. En-
gineering Operation Div.
D. D. Danyko, and W. W. Watson. Jan 84,16p* EPA-
AA-EOD-84/1
The primary objective of this program was to establish
vehicle operating modes during which a temperature
rise across the catalytic converter could be measured
and used for determining the catalyst activity. The re-
sults of twenty-five (25) vehicle tests are reported.
Seventeen (17) vehicle tests were conducted using
known good converters, six (6) using dead converters
and two (2) using partially-active (lead-poisoned) con-
verters. The test sequence consisted of a series of five
engine operating modes. In general, with careful ther-
mocouple attachment to the exhaust pipe surface at
the inlet and output of the converter, active converters
show a large enough temperature rise that they can be
distinguished from dead converters.
Keywords: "Catalyst, "Temperature, "Exhaust sys-
tems, 'Motor vehicles, "Exhaust emissions, Perform-
ance evaluation, Feasibility, Hydrocarbons, Carbon
monoxide. Nitrogen oxides, Air pollution control equip-
ment, "Catalytic reactors(Exhaust system), "Catalyst
activity test sequence.
PB84-189687/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Procedures for Comparing Combustion Emis-
sions from Synthetic and Petroleum Fuels. Phase
1. Final rept.,
KVB, Inc., Irvine, CA.
J. K. Arand, and S. S. Cherry. Apr 84,108p KVB72-
803430-1954, EPA-600/7-84-055
Contract EPA-68-02-3175
The report gives results of combustion tests of petro-
fuels and synfuels at EPA's Research Triangle Park
(NC) combustion laboratory on a 740-kW (thermal
input) package boiler and a 190-kW (250 hp) stationary
diesel internal combustion engine. These tests were
the first in a series to develop a protocol for determin-
ing environmentally significant differences between
petrofuel and synfuel combustion emission character-
istics. Six petrofuels and four synfuels were evaluated.
Particulate samples, obtained using a modified EPA
Method 5 train and a dilution tunnel with a filter, were
analyzed using Level 1 procedures with emphasis on
organic constituents. Results showed that the test and
sample collection procedures yielded both inconsist-
ent sample loadings and contaminants that masked
the true fuel combustion products. Corrective proce-
dures were identified which will be used in subsequent
tests.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Exhaust emissions, "Petro-
leum products, "Synthetic oils, Laboratory equipment,
Particles, Comparison, "Diesel engine exhaust, "Syn-
thetic fuels, EPA method 5, Procedures.
PB84-189810/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Barium and Radium Removal from Groundwater
by Ion Exchange. Rept. for Sep 81-Aug 83,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign.
V. L. Snoeyink, J. L. Pfeffer, D. w! Snyder, and C. C.
Chambers. May 84,131p* EPA-600/2-84-093
GrantEPA-R-808912
The primary objective of this study was to determine
the applicability of weak acid exchange resin in the hy-
drogen form for removal of hardness, barium and
radium from groundwater. Weak acid resin in the hy-
drogen form eliminates the addition of sodium to drink-
ing water. The capacity of the ion exchange resin and
the regeneration requirements were determined and
compared with those of strong acid resins in the
sodium form. Influent water contained approximately
200 mg/L as CaC03 hardness, 250 mg/L as CaC03
total alkalinity, 20 mg/L Ba( + 2) and 20 pCi/L 226 Ra.
The use of the weak acid resin with HCI regenerant
would cost $0.15/1000 gal and $0.08/1000 more than
the strong acid resin with NaCI regenerant for a 0.1-
MGD and 1 -MGD system respectively.
Keywords: 'Barium, 'Radium, 'Water treatment,
"Ground water, "Ion exchanging, 'Acid treatment!
'Demineralizers, Potable water, Hardness, Activated
carbon treatment, Resins, Water softening, Chemical
equilibrium, pH control.
PB84-189828/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Stable Isotope Dilution for Hazardous Waste In-
cineration. Final rept. Apr-Oct 82,
S-Cubed, La Jolla, CA.
P. W. Ryan. Apr 84.33p SSS-R-83-5947, EPA-600/7-
84-057
Contract EPA-68-02-3629
The report gives results of a project to determine if a
proposed catalytic exchange procedure could be
adapted to produce the labeled analog materials nec-
essary for isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass
spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. It is related to a gen-
eral evaluation of the potential utility of isotope dilution
GC/MS in chemical analysis related to incineration of
hazardous waste materials. The proposed deuterium
exchange technique is described, along with experi-
ments designed to test its applicability. Results of the
experiments show that the technique can be applied
successfully to certain limited classes of hazardous
waste materials, but they do not indicate sufficient ver-
satility to meet the most general needs of hazardous
waste incineration programs.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Incinerators, "Solid
waste disposal, "Chemical analysis, "Isotopic labeling,
Gas chromatography, Mass spectroscopy, Catalysis,
Sampling, Isotope exchange, Gas analysis, Toxicity,
Water analysis, Forecasting, Air pollution, Water pollu-
tion, "Isotope dilution techniques, "Air pollution detec-
tion, Fugitive emissions, Raney nickel catalysts, Tracer
techniques, Recommendations, Water pollution detec-
tion.
PB84-189851/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Controlled Air Incineration of Pentachlorophanoi-
Treated Wood,
Los Alamos National Lab., NM.
L. A. Stretz, and J. S. Vavruska. May 84,110p" EPA-
600/2-84-089
Sponsored in part by Defense Property Disposal Serv-
ice, Battle Creek, Ml.
This research was initiated to determine the operating
conditions necessary to effect complete thermal de-
struction (greater than 99.99%) of pentachlorophanoi
(PCP)-treated wood in a controlled air incinerator (CAI)
and to provide a basis for evaluating the applicability of
other incineration systems to the destruction of PCP-
treated wood. The treated wood in question was scrap
from used ammunition crates in Korea. It has been
proposed that a substantial amount of such wood be
disposed of by incineration in a unit located in that
country. A major concern in such Incineration is the po-
tential formation of such toxic compounds as chlorinat-
ed dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. Test results
showed a combustion efficiency of >99.99% for PCP
in the primary chamber under test conditions with no
detectable production of tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
(TCDD) or tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) at detec-
tion limits in sample extracts of 1 and 5 ppb, respec-
tively.
Keywords: "Incinerators, "Air pollution control, "Solid
waste disposal, "Wood, Chemical reactions, Chlorine
organic compounds, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Gas chromatography, Mass spectroscopy
Chemical analysis. Performance evaluation, Sampling'
Gas analysis, Sites, "Air pollution detection, "Air pollu-
tion sampling, "Phenol/pentachioro, "Toxic sub-
stances, Dibenzodioxin/tetrachloro, Dibenzofuran/tet-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB84-189935/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
National Performance Audit Program: Ambient Air
Audits of Analytical Proficiency -1982,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Branch.
R. L. Lampe, B. F. Parr, B. I. Bennett, G. Pratt, and W.
J. Mitchell. Jan 84,42p EPA-600/4-84-005
See also PB83-210633.
The report summarizes results of the Ambient Air
Audits of Analytical Proficiency for the calendar year
1982. Audits were conducted for S02, N02, sulfate, ni-
trate, lead, carbon monoxide and hi-vol flow rate. The
National Performance Audit Program is also de-
scribed.
Keywords: "Auditing, "Air pollution, "Laboratories,
Quality control, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Sul-
fates, Inorganic nitrates, Lead(Metal), Carbon monox-
ide, Performance evaluation, Sampling, Tables(Data),
Monitors, Concentration(Composition), Sites, "High
volume samplers, "Air pollution sampling, National
performance audit programs.
PB64-189943/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab,, Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Methodology for Development of an Independent
Combustion Source NOx Inventory and Its Appli-
cation to 150 Counties in the Northeastern United
States. Final rept. Dec 81-Aug 83,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Apr 84,223p EPA-600/7-84-059
Contract EPA-68-02-3173
Prepared in cooperation with Spaite (Paul W.) Co., Cin-
cinnati, OH., Contract EPA-68-02-3197.
The report gives results of the demonstration of a new
methodology for developing a combustion source fuel
use and emissions inventory. The demonstration area
encompassed 150 counties within a 200 mi (320-km)
radius of the Adirondack Mountains in New York State,
believed to be representative of the Northeastern U.S.
A complete combustion inventory of nitrogen oxides
(NOx) emissions was developed for the 150 counties.
All sectors (residential, commercial, transportation,
utility, and industrial) were included. In the industrial
sector, the methodology entailed; (1) Identifying all
major combustion processes and associated equip-
ment, and (2) developing NOx emission factors. This
approach produced a list of 28 facilities and 73 proc-
esses, believed to include all significant combustion
sources in the 150-county area. An approach was also
developed for treating all fuel consumption not ac-
counted for by installations that include major combus-
tion processes. The latter block of fuel consumption
was translated into 'residual' industrial area source
NOx emissions. As intended, the project demonstrated
fully the essential elements of a methodology that
would allow development of a county-by-county NOx
inventory for all fuel burning in all or any part of the
U.S., without resorting to user surveys or inventories
based on such surveys.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Nitrogen oxides, "Industrial
wastes, "Exhaust emissions, "Residential buildings,
"Fuel consumption, Methodology, Combustion prod-
ucts, Inventories, Surveys, Fuels, Boilers, Sources,
Metal industry, Chemical industry, Comparison, Elec-
tric power plants, Refineries, 'Emission inventories,
Emission factors, Northeast Region(United States),
Point sources.
PB84-189950/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Buffer Additives for Ume/Umestone Slurry
Scrubbing: Sulfite Oxidation with Enhanced
Oxygen Absorption Catalyzed by Transition
Metals. Final rept. Mar 82-Mar 84,
Texas Univ. at Austin. Dept. of Chemical Engineering.
R. K. Uhlrich, and G. T. Rochelle. Apr 84,189p EPA-
600/7-84-058
Grant EPA-R-809386
The report gives results of a study of sulfite oxidation,
involving the measurement of the rate of enhanced
oxygen absorption across an unbroken interface into
solution containing sulfite (2-100 mM) and catalyst
(0.01 -100 mM) at pH 4-6 and 50 C. Fe, Mn, Co, Cu and
Cr ions were potent catalysts under these conditions;
Ni was inactive. At 10 mM, these catalysts gave
pseudo-first order (in oxygen) rate constants of 8.6,43,
4.7, 95 and 11 sec, respectively. Dry catalyst added in
its upper valence state (ferric, cupric, chromic) pro-
duced high initial rates that fell in 1 to 6 hours to steady
state, while catalyst added in its lower state (ferrous,
manganous, cobaltous) showed no high rates and
reached steady state in less than 1 minute. Ferric and
ferrous eventually resulted in the same rate. Fe was a
much stronger catalyst than Mn or Co, but its rate was
limited by Fe solubility of about 0.01 mM at pH 5, re-
sulting in an enhancement factor of 2.4 at all higher
concentrations. Thiosulfate (0.05-1 mM) had a strong-
er inhibiting effect and efficiency on Mn than on Fe.
EDTA was an effective inhibitor for Fe at equal or
greater concentrations. Rates for Fe and Co increased
with pH from A to 5, while those for Mn were un-
changed. Strong positive Mn-Fe synergisms were
found to cause absorption rates of up to five times
those expected.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Buffers(Chemistry),
"Additives, 'Sulfites, Calcium oxides, Scrubbers, Oxi-
dation, Absorption, Catalysis, EDTA, Transition metals,
Reaction kinetics, Mass transfer, pH, Flue gases,
•Limestone scrubbing, Flue gasdesulfurization.
PB84-189968/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Summary of Precision and Accuracy Assess-
ments for the State and Local Air Monitoring Net-
works, 1981,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Data Management and Analysis Div.
E. G. Evans, and R. C. Rhodes. May 84,100p* EPA-
600/4-84-032, R-257
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Ambient air quality data collected by states and local
agencies are used in planning the nation's air pollution
control strategy, in determining if National Air Quality
Standards are being achieved, and in determining
long-term trends of air quality. Prior to the regulations
of May 10,1979, the procedures used in site selection,
controlling equipment, and calculating and validating
data varied considerably among agencies. To alleviate
this problem the May 10, 1979, regulations imposed
uniformity on the data collected and required precision
and accuracy to be reported. This report covers the
first year of collecting for precision and accuracy data
from state and local monitoring agencies. The data are
summarized first by state and pollutant, and then sum-
marized by region and the nation. A brief comparison
of the precision and accuracy from the Precision and
Accuracy Reporting System and that from the inde-
pendent performance audit program conducted by the
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory is pre-
sented.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Standards, Trends,
Air pollution control equipment. State government, As-
sessments, Regulations, Comparison, Carbon monox-
ide, Particles, Lead(Metal), Auditing, Sulfur dioxide, Ni-
trogen dioxide, Ozone, 'Air quality data, 'Air pollution
abatement, Total suspended particulates.
PB84-190008/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Draft Environmental Impact Statement for South
Escambia and Santa Rosa Counties, Florida
Wastewater Management.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Apr 84,185p EPA-904/9-84-118
This Draft EIS addresses proposed wastewater facili-
ties for South Escambia and Santa Rosa Counties,
Florida. Numerous wastewater management alterna-
tives have been evaluated with particular attention to
water quality in the area's surface and ground water re-
sources and the impacts of projected population
growth on the sensitive natural and human resources
of the area.
Keywords: "Ground water, 'Waste water, 'Waste dis-
posal, "Waste treatment, 'Environmental impact
statements(draft), Sanitary sewers, Florida.
PB84-190016/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
Development of VOC (Volatile Organic Com-
pounds) Compliance Monitoring and Enforcement
Strategies: The Wholesale Gasoline Marketing
Chain. Volume 1. Final rept. Sep 78-Jul 80,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
H. R. Winslow, Jr., R. L. Goen, R. A. Ferguson, R. L.
Hays, and P. Queries. Jul 80,83p EPA-340/1-80-013
Contract EPA-68-01 -4137
This study addresses the development of compliance
monitoring and enforcement strategies for one major
source category of VOC emissions-the gasoline mar-
keting chain. The study draws on the enforcement
practices of agencies with several years of experience
in implementing VOC rules for the gasoline marketing
chain to suggest a framework for the use of state and
local agencies in developing appropriate compliance
strategies geared to local conditions. Rather than pro-
viding technical assistance on particular control tech-
niques, the report highlights the factors that agencies
should consider in deploying their enforcement re-
sources. Volume I of the study presents the results of
our survey of experienced agencies as well as the
framework for development of compliance strategies.
Volume II provides technical detail on the components
of the gasoline marketing chain, the emission sources
and control techniques, and the status of state emis-
sion regulations applicable to the chain.
Keywords: "Gasoline, "Law enforcement, "Regula-
tions, "Air pollution control equipment, State govern-
ment, Organic compounds, Inspection, Storage tanks,
Fuel storage, Surveys, "Volatile organic compounds,
"Gasoline plants, 'Terminal facilities, 'Air quality, Fu-
gitive emissions.
PB84-190297/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Final Environmental Impact Statement for
Wastewater Treatment Facilities: City of Fort
Worth, Tarrant County, Texas.
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
VI.
Apr 84, 247p EPA-906/9-84-001
See also PB83-243659.
The City of Fort Worth proposes to construct
wastewater treatment facilities (WWTF) to collect and
adequately treat 137 million gallons per day of
wastewater through the design year 2005. The City
proposes to expand the existing Village Creek WWTF
and dispose of sludge by landfilling in the Trinity River
floodplain. A number of alternatives were evaluated in-
cluding sludge disposal by surface landspreading,
wastewater treatment by slow rate irrigation - an alter-
native technology - and no action.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
impact statements-final, Construction, Sludge dispos-
al, Environmental impacts, Earth fills. Water pollution,
Odors, Social effect, Economic impact, Texas, Fort
Worth(Texas), 'Sewage treatment plants, Land appli-
cation, Alternative planning, 'Sewage irrigation.
PB84-190511/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Dimethyl and Methyl Hydrogen Sulfate In the At-
mosphere,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J. L. Durham, L, L. Spiller, D. J. Eatough, and L. D.
Hansen. May 84,16p EPA-600/D-84-115
Prepared in cooperation with Brigham Young Univ.,
Provo, UT.
A novel technique of using the sample tube penetra-
tion profile of trace reactive gases has been applied to
the sampling and indirect identification of candidate
species through their diffusion coefficients. Laboratory
studies of trace dimethyl and methyl hydrogen sulfate
flow and their deposition as sulfate to a nylon wall
demonstrated that this system can be described theo-
retically by the modified Gormley-Kennedy equation.
Atmospheric samples taken with the penetration sam-
pler in Elkmont, Tennessee, Riverside, California, and
Detroit, Michigan exhibited mass deposition spectra
that correspond to those of dimethyl and methyl hydro-
gen sulfate. The profiles were used to estimate the ap-
parent gaseous diffusion coefficient and ambient mass
concentration. The estimated diffusion coefficients
agree well with semi-empirical theoretical estimates
from gas kinetic theory. The estimates of ambient
mass of the trace sulfate gas equal or exceed the
measurements of fine particulate sulfate; these two
variables are not correlated.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Laboratory equipment,
Chemical analysis, Concentration(Composition), Diffu-
sion, Industrial wastes, Transport properties, Organic
sulfates, Sulfur dioxide, Electric power plants, Sul-
fate/dimethyl, 'Sulfate/hydroxy-methyi, 'Air pollution
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
detection, * Air pollution sampling. Ion chromatogra-
phy.
PB84-190529/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Implementation of the USEPA (United States Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency) Regional Oxidant
Modeling System,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J. H. Novak. May 84,18p EPA-600/D-84-116
Model design, implementation and quality assurance
procedures can have a significant impact on the effec-
tiveness of long term utility of any modeling approach.
The Regional Oxidant Modeling System (ROMS) is ex-
ceptionally complex because it treats all chemical and
physical processes thought to affect ozone concentra-
tion on a regional scale. Thus, to effectively illustrate
useful design and implementation techniques, this
paper describes the general modeling framework
which forms the basis of the ROMS. This framework is
flexible enough to allow straightforward update or re-
placement of the chemical kinetics mechanism and/or
any theoretical formulations of the physical processes.
Use of the Jackson Structured Programming (JSP)
method to implement this modeling framework has not
only increased programmer productivity and quality of
the resulting programs, but also has provided stand-
ardized program design, dynamic documentation, and
easily maintainable and transportable code. A summa-
ry of the JSP method is presented to encourage mod-
elers to pursue this technique in their own model de-
velopment efforts. In addition, since data preparation
is such an integral part of a successful modeling
system, the ROMS processor network is described
with emphasis on the internal quality control tech-
niques.
Keywords: "Oxidizers, 'Mathematical models, Ozone,
Physical properties, Chemical properties, Reaction ki-
netics, Meteorology, Air pollution, Transport proper-
ties, "Regional oxidant modeling system, "Air quality.
PB84-190537/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Alternative RBC (Rotating Biological Contactor)
Design - Second Order Kinetics,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Div.
E. J. Opatken. May 84,16p* EPA-600/D-84-117
This paper presents an alternative method for design-
ing rotating biological contactors (RBC) for use as a
secondary treatment operation. The method uses a
combination of chemical kinetics, good engineering
practice, operational simplicity, and cost effectiveness
to design a RBC system to treat 10 mad having an ef-
fluent below 12 mg/L of soluble biochemical oxygen
demand (sBOD). The paper uses a step by step ap-
proach to illustrate (1) the number of RBC required, (2)
the number of stages necessary to achieve the re-
quired effluent concentration, (3) the number of shafts
in each stage, (4) the concentration of SBOD in each
stage, (5) the effect on performance when the diurnal
variation in flow ranges from 50 to 200% of design
flow, and (6) when oxygen transfer governs the kinet-
ics.
Keywords: "Reaction kinetics, "Sewage treatment,
Design criteria, Substitutes, Biochemical oxygen
demand,	Performance	evaluation,
Concentration(Composition), Diurnal variation, Com-
parison, Oxygen transform mechanisms, "Rotating bi-
ological contactors, Numerical solution.
PB84-190545/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Remedial Action Management and Cost Analysis,
Environmental Law Inst., Washington, DC.
J. D. Werner, E. J. Yang, and E. Nagle. May 84,27p*
EPA-600/D-84-118
Grant EPA-R-809392
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Com-
pensation and Liability Act of 1980, specifies statutory
requirement for selection of the most 'cost-effective'
remedial alternative at Superfund sites. Cost effective-
ness, as outlined in section 300.68, subpart F. of the
National Contingency Plan, does not mean that public
health concerns should be subordinated; but rather
that the least cost alternative should be selected from
among adequately effective options. However, carry-
ing out this mandate for cost-effective remedies re-
140 Vol. 90, No. 24
quires first, that accurate cost information be available
for estimating the relative costs of remedial alterna-
tives; and second, that this information be used to im-
plement the remedial alternative as efficiently as pos-
sible through effective planning and management. To
help provide this information to the EPA, the Environ-
mental Law Institute (ELI) performed detailed case
studies on remedial actions at 23 hazardous waste
sites across the United States. These studies are a
comprehensive compilation of actual expenditure data
for remedial actions. This paper summarizes the find-
ings on the costs, and the planning and management
of the clean-up at these sites.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Cost analysis,
"Solid waste disposal, "Water pollution control. Sites,
Cost effectiveness. Maintenance, Operating costs,
Risk, Sludge disposal, National government, Substi-
tutes, Management planning, "Superfund program,
"Waste management, Hazardous materials spills, Path
of pollutants, Land disposal.
PB84-190552/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Transport and Fate of Organic Pollutants in the
Subsurface: Current Perspectives,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
W. J. Dunlap, J. T. Wilson, M. D. Piwoni, and C. F.
Enfield. May 84,38p EPA-600/D-84-119
Protection of ground water from pollution by organic
chemicals can only be achieved through proper con-
trol and management of source activities which re-
lease these substances into the terrestrial subsurface.
Control and management procedures must ensure
that released organic pollutants are sufficiently attenu-
ated within the subsurface environment to prevent sig-
nificant impairment of ground water quality at nearby
points of withdrawal or discharge, where exposure of
humans, animals, and sensitive ecosystems may
occur. The only rational basis for technically effective
and economical source control and management pro-
cedures is definitive knowledge of the transport and
fate of organic pollutants in the subsurface, since pre-
dictions of the transport and fate of specific organic
chemicals in specified subsurface environments will
usually be required. The most effective approaches for
predicting subsurface transport and fate of organic
pollutants involve the use of mathematical models
based on the subsurface processes governing pollut-
ant behavior, which include geohydraulic processes
controlling the movement of fluids through porous geo-
logical formations, abiotic retarding and transformation
processes such as sorption and abiotic degradation
and biotransformation processes. Inadequate knowl-
edge of sorption, abiotic transformation, and biotrans-
formation processes in deeper subsurface regions im-
poses major limitations on current predictive capabili-
ties.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Transport proper-
ties, "Water pollution control, Water quality, Ground
water, Biodeterioration, Mathematical models,
Sources, Geological surveys, "Path of pollutants, Bio-
transformation.
PB84-190560/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Fluid Modeling of Pollutant Transport and Diffu*
sion In Stably Stratified Flows over Complex Ter-
rain,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
W. H. Synder. May 84, 50p EPA-600/D-84-120
A review is provided of stably stratified towing-tank ex-
periments on plume behavior in complex terrain.
Recent studies have shown that stratified towing tanks
are useful tools to enhance basic physical understand-
ing of transport and diffusion of pollutants over com-
plex terrain as well as to provide practical guidance or
'rules of thumb' for locating sources and estimating
likely impacts of sources in complex terrain. The con-
cept of a dividing-streamline height, derived from
towing-tank studies, provides a useful interpretation of
strongly stratified flows. The dividing streamline forms
the boundary between a lower layer of essentially hori-
zontal flow and an upper layer that passes over the hill
top. Plumes released in the lower layer impact on the
hill surface, with resulting surface concentrations es-
sentially equal to those observed at the center of the
plume in the absence of the hill. A plume released in
the upper layer can be treated as a release from a
shorter stack upwind of a lower hill, i.e., as if a ground
plane were inserted at the dividing-streamline height.
Strongly stratified towing-tank experiments on flows
over two-dimensional ridges were found to have no
counterpart in the real atmosphere because of the un-
steadiness created by the finite length of the tank.
Keywords: "Plumes, "Air pollution, "Terrain, "Trans-
port properties, "Atmospheric diffusion, "Mathematical
models, Chimneys, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products. Reviews, Field tests. Wind tunnels,
Concentration(Composition), "Air quality.
PB84-190578/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Searching for Rapid Methods in Environmental
Bacteriology,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati
OH.
E. E. Geldreich, and D. J. Reasoner. May 84, 23p EPA-
600/D-84-121
The search for rapid methods in sanitary bacteriology
is more urgent today than ever before because of in-
creased necessity for processing poorer quality source
waters and controlling quality of sewage effluent dis-
charges, Selection of criteria for rapid tests involving
either modified conventional procedures or those that
require special reagents and instrumentation must
consider quantitative or qualitative results within a few
hours, data of acceptable sensitivity, selectivity, and
precision, and procedures that are amenable to aver-
age laboratory operations. The increased cost per test
compared to conventional monitoring may be justified
in terms or protection afforded to public health. The
most promising candidate methods include: use of
metabolic inducer compounds, radioisotope labeled
substrates, specifically labeled fluorescent antisera
and organism specific genetic probes.
Keywords: "Sanitation, "Bacteriology, Research,
Water quality, Microorganisms, Labeled substances,
Immune serums, Fluorescence, Laboratories, Waste
water, Sewage, Tests, Requirements, Genetic probes.
PB84-190586/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab -Cincinnati
OH.
Field Studies of Geomembrane Installation Tech-
niques, Technical paper,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
D. W. Shultz. May 84,16p EPA-600/D-84-122
Grant EPA-R-8066450
Fourteen construction sites where geomembranes
were being installed were visited to observe subgrade
preparation and liner installation techniques. These
sites were visited during a study conducted for the U.S.
EPA, Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Division.
The sites included mine tailing disposal impound-
ments, landfills, potable water reservoirs, geothermal
brine impoundments, evaporation impoundments, and
industrial wastewater treatment impoundments. Six
generic types of geomembrane materials were includ-
ed in this study. Tney were (1) polyvinyl chloride (PVC);
high density polyethylene (HDPE); (3) chlorosulfonat-
ed polyethylene (CSPE); (4) chlorinated polyethylene
(CPE); (5) Neoprene; and (6) ethylene propylene diene
monomer (EPDM). Observed subgrade preparation
procedures and geomembrane installation techniques
are described in this paper.
Keywords: "Membranes, "Linings, "Solid waste dis-
posal, "Hazardous materials, "Water pollution control.
Field tests, Sites, Tailings, Earth fills, Potable water'
Geothermal prospecting, Brines, Industrial waste treat-
ment, Polyethylene, Ethylene resins, Polyvinyl chlo-
ride, Sewage treatment, Evaporation, Design criteria,
"Liquid waste disposal, "Geomembranes, High density
polyethylene, Impoundments, Neoprene, Ethylene
propylene dienes, Monomers. Oil spill containment
PB84-190594/HSU	PC A02/MF AOl
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati
OH.
Performance of an Electrical Resistivity Tech-
nique for Detecting and Locating Geomembrane
Failures.
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio. TX.
D. W. Shultz, B. M. Duff, and W. R. Peters. May 84 16n
EPA-600/D-84-123	^
Contract EPA-68-03-3033
An electrical resistivity survey technique has been de-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
membrane liner systems installed in fluid impound-
ments. Development of the technique has included
two-dimensional computer modeling and three-dimen-
sional physical model testing. A one-acre geomem-
brane lined surface impoundment was used for full-
scale testing of the technique. Tests were conducted
to detect and locate single and multiple leaks of differ-
ent sizes. Results indicate the technique can be used
to detect and locate single and multiple leaks as small
as one inch in diameter with an accuracy of five feet or
less.
Keywords: 'Membranes, 'Failure analysis, "Leakage,
'Linings, 'Mathematical models, 'Electrical resistivity,
Performance evaluation, Hazardous materials, Earth
fills, Assessments, Plastics, Elastomers, Soils, *Geo-
membrane, 'Liquid waste disposal. Impoundments,
Computer applications.
PB84-190602/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Immunologic Effects of Electromagnetic Fields
(1981-1983),
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. J. Smialowicz. May 84,10p EPA-600/D-84-124
In vitro studies provide evidence that support and EM
field induced thermal mechanism for immune effects.
When proper control of culture temperatures has been
achieved during in vitro exposure to EM fields, no alter-
ations have been observed for a variety of immune cell
functions. There is conflicting evidence for effects on
lymphocytes exposed in vitro to amplitude modulated
EM fields at 60Hz. More work is needed to determine if
there exists a possible interaction between low fre-
quency modulated EM fields and the immune system.
At present, however, there is no convincing evidence
from in vivo and in vitro animal studies that EM fields
adversely alter the immune system at levels found in
the ambient environment.
Keywords: 'Electromagnetic fields, 'Immunology,
Tissue culture, In vitro analysis, In vivo analysis.
PB84-190693/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Effect of Particulates on Disinfection of Enterovir-
uses in Water by Chloramlnes. Final rept.,
Cincinnati Univ., OH.
P. V. Scarpino. May 84, 90p EPA-600/2-84-094
Grant EPA-R-806240
The objectives of this concluded research study were
multiple, but consistent with EPA's goal of providing
virus-free water to the consumer that contain low or no
levels of suspect carcinogens. The main objective in-
vestigated was the effects of particulates in water on
enterovirus-disinfection with chloramines as the disin-
fectant.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Chlorlnation, 'Viruses,
"Reaction kinetics, 'Particles, Potable water, Microor-
ganism control(Water), Escherichia coli, Bacteria, Ex-
posure, "Halomethanes, "Chemical treatment, "Water
pollution effects(Humans), "Chloramines, Cancer.
PB84-190727/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Retrospective Epidemiological Study of Disease
Associated with Wastewater Utilization. Final rept.
Oct 77-Mar 82,
Hebrew Univ., Jerusalem (Israel).
H.I.Shuval,B. Fattal, andY. Wax.May84,150pEPA-
600/1-84-006
Grant EPA-R-805174
A retrospective epidemiological study was carried out
on the association between enteric disease incidence
and wastewater utilization in 79 kibbutzim (cooperative
agricultural settlements) in Israel having a population
of 32,672. Medical records on disease incidence were
collected from patient files at each kibbutz clinic. Envi-
ronmental data on location of sewage irrigated tracts,
wind direction and source of water supply was collect-
ed for each kibbutz. The kibbutzim were divided Into 4
categories: (1) 30 irrigating with wastewater effluent in
addition to freshwater; (2) 28 not utilizing effluent for
any purpose; (3) 10 using wastewater effluent in fish
ponds; (4) 11 which practiced 2 consecutive years of
effluent utilization and another 2 consecutive years of
effluent utilization and another 2 consecutive years in
which no effluent was utilized for any purpose of vice
versa. The high degree of intra- and inter-kibbutz vari-
ations of disease rate in the 68 kibbutzim in categories
1-3 resulted in conflicting findings and anomalies
which did not provide a basis for drawing conclusions,
Keywords: "Waste water, 'Diseases, Epidemiology,
Israel, Foreign countries, Medical records, Patients,
Environmental health, 'Enteric diseases, Health risks.
PB84-190735/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC,
Evaluation of Sampling Methods for Gaseous At-
mospheric Samples. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
E. D. Pellizzari, W. F. Gutknecht, S. Cooper, and D.
Hardison. May 84,294p EPA-600/3-84-062
Contract EPA-68-02-2991
A research program was conducted to test and evalu-
ate several alternatives for collecting and transferring
samples from the collection site to the laboratory for
the analysis of a variety of toxic organic pollutants by
gas chromatography (GC). Sample storage media in-
cluded three types of polymeric bags (FEP Teflon,
Tedlar, five-layered aluminized bags), glass bulbs,
electropolished and Summa polished cannisters,
Tenax GC and charcoal cartridges, and nickel cryo-
genic traps. Twenty-seven test compounds including
hydrocarbons, aromatics, halogenated hydrocarbons,
halogenated aromatics, and oxygen, nitrogen and
sulfur-containing compounds were used to test the
storage media. Dynamically flowing mixtures of these
gases were synthesized using a specially designed
permeation/dilution system. Quantitative laboratory
stability tests were conducted with Tenax GC, char-
coal, and cryogenic traps at 2 concentration levels of
50 parts per billion (ppb) and 200 parts per trillion (ppt),
for 15 of the 27 chemicals. Quantitative stability tests
were conducted with the remaining storage media at
one concentration level, nominally 50 ppb, for the
same 15 chemicals. The stability tests were conducted
over a 7 day storage period. The potential effect of in-
organic gases as interferences during the collection of
test compounds was quantitatively studied. An auto-
matic two channel ambient air sampler utilizing sorbent
cartridges as the collection medium was also designed
and fabricated. A quality control and quality assurance
(QC/QA) program was established and maintained for
all measured and analyzed data.
Keywords: "Gas analysis, 'Air pollution, Chemical
analysis, Sites, Gas chromatography, Sampling, Qual-
ity control, Quality assurance, Organic compounds, Di-
lution, Performance evaluation, Samplers, Design cri-
teria, Mass spectroscopy, 'Air pollution sampling, *Air
pollution detection.
PB84-190743/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Oil Shale: Potential Environmental Impacts and
Control Technology. Environmental research brief,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
E. R. Bates, W. W. Liberick, and J. Burckle. Mar 84,
14p EPA-600/D-84-036
The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's Industri-
al Environmental Research Laboratory in Cincinnati,
Ohio (lERL-Ci) has performed research related to oil
shale processing and disposal since 1973. This re-
search is in support of the Clean Air Act, The Federal
Water Pollution Control Act, the Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act, the Safe Drinking Water Act,
and the Toxic Substances Control Act. Potential envi-
ronmental impacts from oil shale development activi-
ties have been identified and potential control technol-
ogies are being evaluated through a combination of
laboratory and field tests on actual oil shale waste
streams. This paper discusses recent results from this
program. Included are field test results on control of
sulfur gases at Occidental Oil Shale's Logan Wash
Site and Geokinetic's Kamp Kerogen Site, wastewater
treatability studies on retort water and gas condensate
at Logan Wash, and results of laboratory and field test-
ing on raw and retorted oil shales.
Keywords: *Oil shale, 'Environmental impacts, "Air
pollution control, 'Hazardous materials, Industrial
waste treatment. Retorting, Laboratory equipment,
Field tests, Sulfur, Leaching, Mining, Air water interac-
tions, Carbon dioxide, Water pollution, Solid waste dis-
posal, Adsorption, Hydrogen sulfide, Gas sweetening
processes, Fugitive emissions, Chemical treatment.
PB84-190867/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Modeling Water Quality and the Effects of Agri-
cultural BMPs (Best Management Practices) in the
Iowa River Basin,
Anderson-Nichols and Co., Inc., Palo Alto, CA.
B. R. Bicknell, A. S. Donigian, Jr., and T. O. Barnwell.
May 84,17p* EPA-600/D-84-112
This paper describes a demonstration application of
comprehensive hydrology and water quality modeling
on a large river basin to evaluate the effects of agricul-
tural nonpoint pollution and proposed best manage-
ment practices (BMPs). The model application com-
bines detailed simulation of agricultural runoff and soil
processes, including calculation of surface and sub-
surface pollutant transport to receiving water, with sub-
sequent simulation of instream transport and transfor-
mation. The result is a comprehensive simulation of
river basin water quality. The investigation of the Iowa
River Basin described in this paper was part of a large
study which included application and evaluation of the
Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF)
to both the data-intensive Four Mile Creek watershed
and the Iowa River above Coralville Reservoir. This
study allowed the exploration of problems associated
with modeling hydrology, sediment, and chemical fate
and transport in a large river basin with varying mete-
orologic conditions, soils and agricultural practices.
Keywords: 'Agriculture, 'Mathematical models,
'Runoff, 'Iowa River Basin, Soil erosion, Fortran, Four
Mile Creek, Sediment transport, Weather, Soil proper-
ties, Best management practices, Agricultural water-
sheds.
PB84-190875/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Computer Model Technology Transfer in the
United States,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
T. O. Barnwell, Jr., and H. C. Thorno. May 84,14p*
EPA-600/D-84-113
Computer-based mathematical models for urban water
resources planning, management and design are
widely used by engineers and planners in both the
public and private sectors. In the United States, the
majority of the users are in the private (consulting)
sector, yet most of the major model development is
done by, or under the sponsorship of, a number of
Federal agencies. The Federal government, however,
has no effective, centralized system to catalog, main-
tain, distribute or support these models, and it is fre-
quently difficult for even experienced users to deter-
mine what is available, much less make informed
judgements about suitability, either from a technical or
administrative (cost, availability of documentation,
training, user assistance, etc.) standpoint. This paper
briefly describes how various Federal and non-Federal
agencies address this problem, including the U.S. En-
vironmental Protection Agency, the U S Army Corps
of Engineers, the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. De-
partment of Agriculture, the National Weather Service
and several commercial vendors. Emphasis is on de-
scribing how these groups function, and references
are provided.
Keywords: 'Water resources, 'Technology, Transfer,
'Urban planning, Mathematical models, Computerized
simulation, Hydrology, Hydraulics, Federal agencies,
Nonfederal agencies, Private sector.
PB84-190891/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Inorganic Ar-
senic. Final Report,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
D. Jacobson-Kram, P. Mushak, M. Piscator, D. J.
Sivulka, and M. Chu. Mar 84,350p* EPA-600/8-83-
021F
See also PB83-232306.
Inorganic arsenic, predominantly the tri- and pentava-
lent forms, is emitted to the environment primarily
through smelting activity, biocide use and glass manu-
facturing. Monitoring data indicate a concentration of
equal to or less than 0.1 microgram/cu m for most lo-
cations. Major routes of absorption of inorganic ar-
senic in the general population are inhalation and in-
gestion. Inhaled inorganic arsenic deposited in the
Fungs is eventually absorbed. Most ingested soluble in-
organic arsenic is absorbed, whereas insoluble forms
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
pass through the gastrointestinal tract with negligible
absorption. Inorganic arsenic metabolism in man is
complicated by biotransformation processes which in-
clude the methylation and oxidation-reduction inter-
conversion of inorganic arsenic. Long-term accumula-
tion of inorganic arsenic does not generally occur in
physiologically active compartments in the body; renal
clearance appears to be the major route of excretion
of absorbed inorganic arsenic. Acute symptoms of in-
organic arsenic poisoning include severe gastrointesti-
nal damage, facial edema, cardiovascular reactions,
peripheral nervous system disturbances, and hemato-
poietic system effects. General population concerns
arising from long-term exposures to moderate levels of
inorganic arsenic include respiratory tract cancer, skin
cancer, non-cancerous skin lesions, peripheral neuro-
pathological effects and cardiovascular effects. There
appears to be a nutritional requirement for low levels of
inorganic arsenic in certain experimental animals;
however, this requirement has not yet been estab-
lished in man.
Keywords: 'Public health, 'Arsenic inorganic com-
pounds, "Toxicology, 'Environmental surveys, Indus-
trial wastes, Smelting, Biocides, Glass industry, Air pol-
lution, Absorption, Potable water, Oxidation reduction
reactions, Mutagens, Metabolism, Ingestion(Biology),
Pathology, Exposure, Humans, Animals, Sources,
Ecology, Risk, Malignant neoplasms, Water pollution,
Soils, Foods, Biotransformation, Cancer.
PB84-190974/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, MO.
Region VII.
Draft Environmental Impact Statement for Pro-
posed Wastewater Treatment Facility, Greene
County, Missouri,
Sverdrup and Parcel and Associates, Inc., St. Louis,
MO.
T. F. Lorenz. Feb 84, 455p EPA-907/9-84-001
Contract EPA-68-01-5995
This draft environmental impact statement addresses
the social, economic, and natural environmental im-
pacts potentially resulting from implementation of the
proposed comprehensive wastewater treatment facili-
ties presented in the Draft Wastewater Facilities Plan
for Greene County, prepared concurrently with this
document. Impacts of the recommended alternatives
were generally found to be beneficial, particularly to
surface and ground water quality and efficient land use
planning. Impacts associated with construction will in-
clude erosion, sedimentation, and limited damage to ri-
parian habitats, and archaeological impacts will need
to be mitigated. Cost impacts to residents in presently
unsewered areas will be great, despite efforts to
reduce them.
Keywords: 'Socioeconomic status, 'Sewage treat-
ment, 'Environmental impact statements - draft, Envi-
ronmental impacts, Land use, Construction, Erosion,
Ground water, Surface waters, Water pollution, Ar-
chaeology, Cost analysis, Missouri, Riparian habitats,
Greene County(Missouri).
PB84-190982/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Chesapeake Bay Nutrient Dynamics Study,
Johns Hopkins Univ., Shady Side, MD. Chesapeake
Bay Inst.
J. L. Taft. May 84,308p EPA-600/3-83-072
Grant EPA-R-807637
This study had two major objectives. The first was to fill
gaps in our understanding of important biological,
chemical, and physical processes occurring in the Bay.
This information was required to make the best use of
existing data and to develop future data needs to fur-
ther understand the basic functioning of the Bay
system. The second objective was to collect a synop-
tic data set for the entire Chesapeake Bay to be used
in future modeling efforts and to establish the present
condition of the main Bay at one point in time. Field
work for the study was conducted by sixteen scientists
on thirteen cruises between 1 May 1980 and 1 June
1981. The synoptic nutrient study was conducted from
8 to 17 July 1980 in conjunction with a circulation study
covering the entire Bay from 25 June to 29 July 1980.
The process studies were performed at various times
and locations dictated by the processes themselves.
Subsurface transport of nutrients and phytoplankton
were examined in May 1980 in the upper Bay. Sedi-
ment nutrient releases and oxygen demand were stud-
ied in eight locations in summer 1980 and spring 1981.
Nitrogen and silica dynamics were examined in several
locations during July, August, and September 1980.
Bacterial dynamics were studied in August 1980. The
results of these studies added important information to
the body of knowledge about Chesapeake Bay.
Keywords: "Chesapeake Bay, "Nutrients, "Dynamics,
Forecasting, Field tests, Transport properties, Nitro-
gen, Silicon dioxide, Bacteria, Sediments.
PB84-190990/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Comparative Analysis of Contaminated Heating
Oils. Final rept. May 82-Dec 83,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
R. R. Hall, R. J. Ellersick, M. Hoyt, M. F. Kozik, and D.
F. McGrath. Apr 84, 220p GCA-TR-83-41-G, EPA-600/
7-84-056
Contract EPA-68-02-3168
The report gives results of an exploratory investigation
of the possible contamination of virgin heating oils by
hazardous waste in the New Jersey/New York area.
Twenty oil samples, including some that were suspect-
ed to be contaminated, were analyzed for 39 volatile
organic compounds. In addition, total chlorine and
water extractable chlorides were measured in 13 sam-
ples. A statistically valid sampling program was devel-
oped to determine the extent of heating oil contamina-
tion in New York City.
Keywords: "Fuel oil, "Heating fuels, "Hazardous mate-
rials, "Contamination, Solid waste disposal, Sampling,
Chlorides, Quality assurance, Halogens, New York,
Comparison, 'Volatile organic compounds, 'Land pol-
lution, New York City(New York).
PB84-191022/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Cadmium on Renal Aging: A Chronic
Cadmium Feeding Study in Rats. Summary rept.
(Final),
Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD. School of Hy-
eiene and Public Health.
. A. Perlin, K. Kawata, and J. M. Frazier. May 84,
2S7p* EPA-600/1-84-007
Grant EPA-R-807433
Cadmium (Cd) is known to accumulate preferentially in
the renal proximal tubules. Animal and human autopsy
studies have shown that damage to the renal proximal
tubular cells is associated with toxicity from chronic Cd
exposure. The present study was undertaken to deter-
mine if Cd exposure influences the natural aging proc-
ess in the kidney and the accumulation patterns of
renal copper and zinc. Male Wistar rats were treated
up to 24 months with 0.0,0.5, 5.0, and 50 mg/1 CdC12
in the drinking water. Every three months, 8 rats from
each group were sacrificed to obtain kidneys from
which an enriched cortical tubule preparation was ex-
tracted. Cd, zinc, and copper concentrations were de-
termined for both the intact cortex and the tubule prep-
aration from each rat. Changes in renal function were
assessed by performing urinalysis on a regular basis.
Changes in renal structure were assessed by morpho-
metry analysis of fixed kidney sections. The levels of
all three metals studied were higher in the tubules than
the intact cortex indicating that these metals were con-
centrated by the tubular cells relative to the other corti-
cal cell types.
Keywords: 'Cadmium, 'Aging(Biology), "Kidney,
'Toxicology, Bioassay, Rats, Laboratory animals, Uri-
nary system, Exposure, Copper, Zinc, Dosage, Pathol-
ogy, 'Heavy metals.
PB84-191048/HSU	PC A99/MF E03
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Characterization of Hazardous Waste Sites, a
Methods Manual. Volume 3. Available Laboratory
Analytical Methods. Response rept. 7 Jan 80-Feb
8".
Lockheed Engineering and Management Sen/ices Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
R. H. Plumb, Jr. May 84,690p* EPA-600/4-84-038
Contract EPA-68-03-3050
See also PB84-126929.
A manual of available analytical procedures has been
prepared as Volume 3 of the report Characterization of
Hazardous Waste Sites - A Methods Manual. This
manual provides detailed instructions for the prepara-
tion and analysis of hazardous waste, water, soil/sedi-
ment, biological tissue, and air samples for 261 sub-
stances listed in the hazardous waste regulations.
Each of the methods for the 946 analyte-matrix combi-
nations thai have been accumulated in this volume is
classified as either 'evaluated' or 'available' based on
the availability of precision and accuracy data.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Chemical analysis,
"Manuals, "Solid waste disposal, "Regulations, Sites,
Sampling, Water pollution, Soil analysis, Sediments,
Tissues(Biology), Chlorine organic compounds, Phos-
phorus organic compounds. Air pollution, Water analy-
sis, Gas analysis, Extraction, Organic compounds,
Pesticides, Inorganic compounds, Mercury(Wetal),
Trace elements, Metals, pH, Leaching, "Air pollution
detection, "Toxic substances, "Water pollution detec-
tion, Solid wastes, Volatile organic compounds, Poly-
chlorinated biphenyls, Dioxin, Procedures, Mercury/
methyl. Liquid wastes.
PB84-191147/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Trlhalomethane Precursor Removal by the Mag-
nesium Carbonate Process. Final rept. 1 Jul 80-31
Dec 83,
University of Central Florida, Orlando.
J. S. Taylor, B. R. Snyder, B. Ciliax, C. Ferraro, and A.
Fisher. May 84,306p" EPA-600/2-84-090
Grant EPA-R-807704
A project was conducted to determine and improve the
ability of the magnesium carbonate process to remove
trihalomethane (THM) precursors in treated drinking
water. The project was conducted at a drinking water
treatment plant in Melbourne, FL, which had been de-
veloped and installed in the early 1970's (before THM
regulation) to reduce the sludge produced from water
treatment. The process involved recovering the mag-
nesium bicarbonate from the sludge by carbonation,
reusing the Mg(HC03)2 liquor for coagulation, recal-
cining the remaining CaC03 solids and reusing the re-
covered CaO for pH control during coagulation. The
project consisted of seven phases: jar test, recycle re-
covery, oxidation, THMFP model development, distri-
bution system, alternative disinfectant, and granular
activated carbon. The process was not recommended
for potable water treatment with a highly colored (or-
ganic) surface water source because of the inherent
problem of the formation of high concentrations of
THM's. This occurred when large doses of chlorine
were required to remove the color remaining in the
water following the process.
Keywords: "Water treatment, Potable water. Materials
recovery, Coagulation, Florida, Disinfection, Oxidation,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, "Halometh-
anes, "Magnesium carbonate process. Waste recy-
cling, Color removal. Sludge disposal,
Melbourne(Florida).
PB84-191543/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Impact Statement for Lime Manu-
facturing Plants: Background Information for Pro-
mulgated Standards.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Mar 84,49p EPA-450/3-84-008
Standards of performance for the control of particulate
matter emissions from rotary lime kilns at new, modi-
fied, or reconstructed lime manufacturing plants are
being promulgated under the authority of Sections
111,114, and 301(a) of the Clean Air Act, as amended
These standards would apply to those affected facili-
ties that commence construction on or after May 3
1977, the date of original proposal. This document
contains a summary of the public comments on the
proposed revised standards and the EPA's responses,
as well as summary economic and environmental
impact statements.
Keywords: "Standards, 'Calcium oxides, 'Chemical
industry, 'Air pollution control, 'Particles, 'Rotary
kilns, 'Environmental impact statements-final, Eco-
nomic analysis, Benefit cost analysis, Manufacturing
Substitutes, Air pollution control equipment, Visibility
Mass, Tests, Industrial wastes, Combustion products
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
'Standards of performance, 'Lime industry, Best tech-
nology, Continuous emission monitoring systems.
PB84-191550/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab,, Cincinnati, OH.
Health Effects Study, Los Angeles County Sanita-
tion Districts: Summary. Final rept. Nov 78-Mar 84,
Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts, Whittier, CA.
M. H. Nellor, R. B. Baird, and J. R. Smyth. Apr 84,37p
Grant EPA-R-806399
See also PB84-191568. Sponsored in part by Califor-
nia State Dept. of Water Resources, Sacramento, and
Southern California Metropolitan Water District, Los
Angeles.
This summary document presents an overview of the
Health Effects Study, a multidisciplinary research
project which evaluates the health significance of
using treated wastewater for indirect potable water
reuse by groundwater replenishment. The focus of the
study was the Whittier Narrows Groundwater Re-
charge Project, located in Los Angeles County, Califor-
nia, where disinfected, filtered secondary effluent
blended with local storm runoff and imported river
water has been used for replenishment since 1962. In-
cluded are the findings, conclusions, and recommen-
dations of the study, as well as summaries of the indi-
vidual research tasks.
Keywords: 'Water reclamation, 'Potable water,
'Waste water, 'Health, Groundwater, Replenishment,
Viruses, Epidemiology, Water quality, California,
Health risks, Los Angeles County(California).
PB84-191568/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Health Effects Study, County Sanitation Districts
of Los Angeles County, Final Report. Rept. for Nov
78-Mar 84,
Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts, Whittier, CA.
M. H. Nellor, R, B. Baird, and J. R. Smyth. Mar 84,625p
Grant EPA-R-806399
See also PB84-t91550. Sponsored in part by Califor-
nia State Dept. of Water Resources, Sacramento, and
Southern California Metropolitan Water District, Los
Angeles.
The report presents the findings, conclusions, and rec-
ommendations of the Health Effects Study, a multidis-
ciplinary research project which evaluates the health
significance of using treated wastewater for indirect
potable water reuse by groundwater replenishment.
The focus of the study was the Whittier Narrows
Groundwater Recharge Project, located in Los Ange-
les County, California, where disinfected, filtered sec-
ondary effluent blended with local storm runoff and im-
ported river water has been used for replenishment
since 1962.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Ground water, Viruses,
Organic compounds, Epidemiology, Evaluation,
'Waste water reuse.
PB84-191576/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Residential Wood and Coal Combustion. Task 2.
Summary of Major Fuel Use Projections. Final
rept.,
Green (Del) Associates, Inc., Salem, OR. Environmen-
tal Technology Div.
B. Burton, and A. Senzel. Feb 84,30p* EPA-450/5-83-
005B
See also PB84-191S84.
This report reviews available studies of scenarios for
residential wood and coal combustion and gathers to-
gether the various residential fuel use projections for
the next 20 years for coal and wood, both on a national
and regional basis. These studies show a slight in-
crease in wood use and a relatively constant coal use.
Projections for residential wood and coal combustion
are largely dependent on the cost relative to the con-
ventional fuels, which can only be roughly estimated at
this time. A major increase in oil prices or disruption in
oil supplies would have a substantial impact on both
wood and coal combustion levels. Coal in particular Is
available in relatively large quantities if there is the
demand while wood is expected to be a supply limited
resource, with increasing competition for such uses as
lumber, particleboard, pulp, and boiler fuel.
Keywords: 'Residential buildings, 'Wood, 'Coal, 'Air
pollution control, Combustion products, Space heat-
ing, Forecasting, Urban regions, Federal government,
Particles, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, Sulfur di-
oxide, Visibility, Trends, Marketing, 'Fuel supplies,
Wood fuels, Energy use.
PB84-191584/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Residential Wood and Coal Combustion. Task 3.
Health Effects Literature Search. Final rept.,
Green (Del) Associates, Inc., Salem, OR. Environmen-
tal Technology Div.
B. Burton, and A. Senzel. Feb 84,88p* EPA-450/5-03-
005C
See also PB84-191576.
This report is a compilation of titles and abstracts
which is the result of a literature search for information
on adverse health effects due to air emissions (indoor
or outdoor) from the residential combustion of coal
and wood. Abstracts are presented alphabetically ac-
cording to the first author's surname. This search in-
cluded the files of the Combustion Research Branch,
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory, Office
of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, N.C.; and
Environmental Technology Division, Del Green Asso-
ciates, Inc., Woodburn, Oregon, which has recently
completed a residential wood combustion study for
U.S. EPA Region X and the State of Oregon. In addi-
tion, an on-line computer literature search was per-
formed, covering the following data bases: Biological
Abstracts (BIOS1S, 1976+), National Technical Infor-
mation Service (NTIS), and Excerpta Medica (1976+).
Keywords: 'Coal, "Public health, 'Residential build-
ings, 'Bibliographies, Hazardous materials, Combus-
tion products, Malignant neoplasms, Respiratory dis-
eases, Particles, Smoke, Risk, Exposure, Mutagens,
Sources, Air pollution, 'Wood fuels, 'Air quality,
'Indoor air pollution, Cancer, Suspended particulate
matter, Toxic substances.
PB84-191626/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
V.
Ecological Impacts of Wastewater on Wetlands:
An Annotated Bibliography.
Fish and Wildlife Service, Kearneysville, WV. Eastern
Energy and Land Use Team.
Feb 84, 339p EPA-905/3-84-002
Contracts EPA-68-01-5989, EPA-68-04-5017
The report is an annotated compilation of references,
nationwide, on the ecological effects of wastewater
addition to wetlands. In addition to over 1000 entries,
the document contains an introduction to the ecologi-
cal issues and bibliographic research methods, a study
guide highlighting leading references and an index to
subjects, key words and geographical locations.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, 'Waste water, Ecology,
Swamps, Sewage treatment, 'Wetlands, Water pollu-
tion control, Environment protection.
PB64-192459/HSU	PC A24/MF A01
Development Document lor Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Copper Forming
Point Source Category. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
J. K. Goodwin. Mar 84,557p EPA-440/1-84/074
This document provides the data and rationale used to
develop the effluent limitations and standards for the
Copper Forming point source category. The manufac-
turing processes included in the Copper Forming cate-
gory are described as are the treatment and in-process
control forming wastewaters. Data characterizing the
chemical nature and flow of Copper Forming
wastewater are presented. These data form the basis
of the limitations and standards.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Metal industry,
"Forming techniques, Copper, Standards, Cost analy-
sis, Industrial waste treatment, Regulations,
Tables(Data), "Copper forming, Point sources. Best
technology, Pretreatment(Water), New source per-
formance standards, Toxic substances.
PB84-192673/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Relationship between Indoor Radon and Lung
Cancer: A Study of Feasibility of an Epidemiologi-
cal Study. Final rept.,
Massachusetts Inst, of Tech., Cambridge.
S. Rasmussen, D. Neuberg, W. DuMouchel, D.
Kleitman, and H. Chernoff. 1981,62p MIT/TR/EPA-1
Contract EPA-68-01 -6216
This report describes a study to assess the feasibility
of an epidemiologic investigation of the relationship
between residential radon exposure and lung cancer.
Field measurements of residential radon levels in the
State of Maine are described. Using these radon
measurements and BEIR, 1980 risk assessments, it is
estimated that at most 10% of lung cancers in Maine
can be considered attributable to residential radon ex-
posure. Calculations are made of sample sizes neces-
sary for a case-control study of radon and lung cancer,
for several levels of radon and smoking health effects.
The effects of misclassification of exposure variables
on the probability of detecting a radon health effect are
discussed. A comparison is made of three different
mathematical models which could be used for sample
size estimation. Dollar cost estimates are given for
conducting an epidemiologic case-control study of the
relationship between residential radon exposure and
lung cancer.
Keywords: "Radon, "Pulmonary neoplasms, Residen-
tial buildings, Surveys, Epidemiology, Exposure, Esti-
mates, Mathematical models, Maine, "Indoor air pollu-
tion, Cigarette smoking, Probability.
PB84-193044/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Nitrate Removal for Small Public Water Systems.
Technical rept.
SMC Martin, Inc., Valley Forge, PA.
Jun 83,93p* EPA-570/9-83-009
Contract EPA-68-01-6285
This Handbook for Nitrate Removal has been pre-
pared to aid water utility owners, engineers, operators,
and municipal managers in understanding and dealing
with excessive nitrate levels in their water supply. It is
intended to be used for defining the problem, develop-
ing or evaluating proposed solutions, and explaining to
water consumers why nitrates are controlled and what
the approximate costs of control will be. This hand-
book is designed as a technical guide to nitrate remov-
al for those smaller size systems that have decided
that nitrate control is desirable. This document con-
tains no regulatory policy and does not obligate sys-
tems to use any treatment or nontreatment technique
to reduce nitrate concentrations.
Keywords: "Inorganic nitrates, "Water treatment,
"Handbooks, "Sewage treatment, "Water pollution
control, "Industrial waste treatment, Sources, Potable
water, Public health, Regulations, Water analysis,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Ion exchang-
ing, Operation, Monitors, Chemical analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Electric power plants,
Cost analysis, Financing, Maintenance, Water quality,
Publicly owned wastewater treatment, Water pollution
detection, Pretreatment(Water).
PB84-193622/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Div. of Stationary Source Enforcement.
RACT (Reasonably Available Control Technology)
Enforceability Aspects for Pneumatic Tire Manu-
facturing. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
C. M. Harvey, J. P. Paul, and J. E. Spessard. Jan 81,
91 pEPA-340/1-80-017
Contract EPA-68-01-4147
Pneumatic rubber tires or tread rubber is manufactured
by 94 plants located in the United States and Puerto
Rico. Reasonably available control technology (RACT)
requirements for the pneumatic rubber tire and tread
rubber manufacturers apply to 55 plants located in
photochemical oxidant nonattainment areas. The
major processing steps in tire manufacturing are
rubber compounding, tread rubber production, cord
production, bead production, tire building, and tire
curing and finishing. The following processes cause
volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from a
typical pneumatic tire manufacturing plant: green tire
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
spraying with organic-based solvents, undertread ce-
menting, tire building, tread-end cementing, and bead
dipping. Practical VOC control measures are carbon
adsorption and use of water-based spray for green tire
spraying. Hand application of cement for tread-end ce-
menting may be an acceptable control provided emis-
sions meet some arbitrary limit. No practical control
measure has been found for the emissions from tire
building. The potential enforcement problems appear
to be determining the capture efficiency of the VOC
collection device, determining compliance, applying
the bubble concept, and meeting compliance sched-
ules. This report provides an inventory of the pneumat-
ic rubber tire and tread rubber manufacturing plants,
an industry process description, a review of the RACT
requirements, and an evaluation of the model regula-
tions to identify enforceability problems.
Keywords: 'Rubber industry, "Law enforcement,
'Tires, "Treads, *Air pollution control, 'Regulations,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Design crite-
ria, Performance evaluation, Standards, Organic com-
pounds, Mathematical models, 'Reasonably available
control technology, 'Volatile organic compounds, "Air
pollution abatement.
PB84-193705/HSU	PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Stationary Source Compliance Div.
Kraft Pulp Mill Inspection Guide. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
R. Hawks, and G. Saunders. Feb 83, 480p EPA-340/1-
83-017
Contract EPA-68-01-6310
This manual presents technical data on kraft pulp mill
processes and control equipment design and applica-
tion. The manual also includes inspection checklists
for use by agency personnel in evaluating process pa-
rameters and control equipment operating conditions.
Major emphasis is placed on baseline analyses and
detection and elimination of operation- and mainte-
nance-related problems.
Keywords: 'Sulfate pulping, 'Inspection, 'Pulp mills,
"Regulations, 'Air pollution control, 'Manuals, Parti-
cles, State government, National government, Industri-
al wastes, Combustion products, Personnel manage-
ment, Maintenance, Evaporation control, Process
charting, Design criteria, Air pollution control equip-
ment, Performance evaluation, Scrubbers, Electrostat-
ic precipitators, "Air pollution abatement, Checklists.
PB84-194083/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Sampling Approaches for Measuring Emission
Rates from Hazardous Waste Disposal Facilities,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
W. D. Balfour, and C. E. Schmidt. May 84,19p EPA-
600/D-84-140
Contract EPA-68-03-3038
Fugitive air emission data have been collected for
treatment, storage, and disposal operations to support
a Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA) for Hazardous
Waste Disposal Facilities. Five sampling approaches
have been used for measuring air emission rates from
these operations. They are: (1) emission isolation flu*
chamber, (2) vent sampling, (3) concentration-profile
technique, (4) transect technique, and (5) mass bal-
ance. Each of these techniques are compared as to
their precision, potential applications, and specific limi-
tations of the approaches. Data are presented from
sites at which the approaches were applied. Results
are compared and contrasted where different tech-
niques are compared as to their precision, potential
applications, and specific limitations of the approach-
es. Data are presented from sites at which the ap-
proaches were applied. Results are compared and
contrasted where different techniques were used to
measure emission rates at the same operation. Finally,
recommendations are made for selection of an appro-
priate sampling approach based on the field experi-
ence gained.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Solid waste dispos-
al 'Air pollution, Sampling, Sites, Comparison, Field
tests Earth fills, Concentration(Composition), 'Fugi-
tive emissions, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Volatile or-
ganic compounds, Mass balance, Impoundments,
Land disposal.
144 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB84-194091/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
EADS (Environmental Assessment Data Systems)
Liquid Effluents Data System, 1982, Annual rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
J. P. Reider. May 84, 38p EPA-600/9-84-012
Contract EPA-68-02-3652
The report is the first data summary of wastewater
sampling and analysis results compiled in EPA's Liquid
Effluents Data System (LEDS). LEDS is a component
of a group of related computerized data bases - Envi-
ronmental Assessment Data Systems (EADS) - that
describe multimedia discharges from energy systems
and industrial processes. EADS was designed to aid
researchers in environmental assessment, source
characterization, and control technology development.
The report summarizes data compiled from implemen-
tation of LEDS in 1980 through 1982. It lists sources
reported in LEDS, feed materials used, chemical anal-
ysis data on hazardous and priority pollutants, and the
number of samples for each source.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Information sys-
tems, Assessments, Environmental impacts, Hazard-
ous materials, Sampling, Sources, Design criteria, In-
dustrial wastes, Tables(Data), Radioactive contami-
nants, Organic compounds, Inorganic compounds,
"Environmental assessment data systems, Liquid ef-
fluents data system.
PB84-194109/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
EADS (Environmental Assessment Data Systems)
Solid Discharge Data System 1982. Annual rept.
Jan-Dec 82,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA.
J. P. Reider. May 84,31 p EPA-600/9-84-013
Contract EPA-68-02-3652
Prepared in cooperation with Midwest Research Inst.,
Kansas City, MO.
The report is the first data summary of solids media
sampling and analysis results compiled in EPA's Solid
Discharge Data System (SDDS). SDDS is a compo-
nent of a group of related computerized data bases -
the Environmental Assessment Data Systems (EADS)
- that describe multimedia discharges from energy
systems and industrial processes. EADS was de-
signed to aid researchers in environmental assess-
ment, source characterization, and control technology
development. The report summarizes data compiled
from the implementation of SDDS in 1980 through
1982. It lists sources reported in SDDS, feed materials
used, chemical analysis data on hazardous and priority
pollutants, and the number of samples for each
source.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Hazardous materi-
als, Sampling, Design, Performance evaluation, Radio-
active contaminants, Assessments, 'Environmental
assessment data systems, 'Solid wastes, Solid dis-
charge data system.
PB84-194265/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Scientific Problems in Using Multlspecies Toxicity
Tests for Regulatory Purposes,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
D. I. Mount. May 84,12p EPA-600/D-84-142
Multi-species tests have not yet been used to any
extent for regulatory purposes perhaps because
standard methods have not yet been developed for
them. They also, in their present state of development,
do not yield data readily amenable to use in regulatory
purposes. Often the results explain why an effect may
occur but they are not quantitative. Multispecies tests
are probably best used for fate and pathway studies
and not effects studies in their present state of devel-
opment.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Regulations, 'Environmental im-
pacts, Tests, Exposure, Laboratories, "Species, 'Path
of pollutants, Ecosystems.
PB84-194273/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Turbulent Diffusion behind Vehicles: Experiments
and Verification of Roadway Models,
New York State Dept. of Environmental Conservation,
Albany.
R. E. Eskridge, W. B. Petersen, S. T. Rao, and G.
Sistla. May 84,24p EPA-600/D-84-141
Grant EPA-R-810475
Tracer gas was released behind model vehicles in a
moving floor wind tunnel and sampled extensively at
various downwind distances. A numerical model was
used to test various expressions for the eddy diffusion
coefficients. The best formulation has been incorporat-
ed into the ROADWAY model and it is shown that the
current version of the ROADWAY model is an im-
provement over the earlier version. The predictions of
ROADWAY, CALINE3 and HIWAY-2 are compared
with the GM Sulfate Dispersion Experiment. It is shown
that all three models simulate the GM data very well.
Keywords: 'Turbulence, "Diffusion, "Motor vehicles,
Mathematical models, Verifying, Models, Wind tun-
nels, Eddies, Flow visualization, 'Flow models, Tracer
gases.
PB84-194463/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Analysis of Costs for Compliance with Federal
Radiation Protection Guidance for Occupational
Exposure. Volume 1: Cost of Compliance with
Proposed Radiation Protection Guidance for
Workers.
Faucett (Jack) Associates, Inc., Chevy Chase, MD.
Nov 83,148p EPA/520/1-83-013-1
Contract EPA-68-01 -6486
See also Volume 2, PB84-194471. Prepared in coop-
eration with Cohen (S.) and Associates, Inc., McLean,
VA.
On January 23,1981 the Office of Radiation Programs,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency published in the
Federal Register proposals for revisions in the existing
Federal Radiation Protection Guidance for Occupa-
tional Exposures. This report is a part of the continuing
analysis by EPA of the cost/feasibility of the proposed
revisions. Specifically, the report evaluates each of the
proposed changes in the guidance to estimate the cost
of compliance to all segments of the private sector
wherein impacts are expected to be significant. This
study concentrates its effort on estimating the direct
resource costs for each industry that must comply with
the regulations that result from the revision to the guid-
ance. These costs that are met by industry participants
will account for a significant portion of the total costs
associated with the guidance. These costs were esti-
mated through a series of case studies and independ-
ent research.
Keywords: 'Industrial hygiene, "Radiation protection,
'Cost estimates, 'Health physics, 'Guidelines, Cost
analysis. Exposure, Personnel development, Regula-
tions, Industries, Well logging, Hospitals, Permissible
dosage, 'Occupational safety and health, 'Compli-
ance, Radiation doses. Personnel monitoring, Uranium
mills. Nuclear industry.
PB84-194471/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Analysis of Costs for Compliance with Federal
Radiation Protection Guidance for Occupational
Exposure. Volume 2: Case Study Analysis of the
Impacts of Proposed Radiation Protection Guid-
ance lor Workers.
Faucett (Jack) Associates, Inc., Chevy Chase, MD.
Nov 83,241 p EPA/520/1-83-013-2
Contract EPA-68-01 -6486
See also Volume 1, PB84-194463. Prepared in coop-
eration with Cohen (S.) and Associates, Inc., McLean
VA.
This report contains the writeups of case studies con-
ducted in support of an effort to estimate costs and
economic impacts of proposed Federal Radiation Pro-
tection Guidance for Occupational Exposures. The
purpose of the case studies was to develop Back-
ground information on representative organizations
necessary to determine the impact of the proposed
guidelines on selected industries. This information was
used, together with other data, to estimate the aggre-
gate costs of compliance with the proposed guide-
lines. The cost estimates are contained in a compan-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Industrial hygiene, 'Radiation protection,
'Cost estimates, "Health physics, 'Guidelines, Cost
analysis. Exposure, Personnel development, Regula-
tions, Industries, Dentistry, Drug industry, Well logging,
Hospitals, Permissible dosage, Radiology, Radiogra-
phy, "Occupational safety and health, Compliance,
Radiation doses, Personnel monitoring, Uranium mills,
Nuclear industry, Nuclear medicine, Radioisotopes,
Light water reactors.
PB84-194S62/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Research
Outlook, 1984.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Feb 84, 161 p EPA-600/9-84-004
See also PB83-172510.
This document is the ninth in this series of reports to
Congress. Research needs identified in this year's
report include: Toxic Substances and Pesticides, Haz-
ardous Wastes, Air and Radiation, Energy, Acid Rain,
Drinking Water, and Water Quality as well as several
other issues which cut across media lines.
Keywords: "Research, "Environmental surveys, Haz-
ardous materials, Water pollution, Potable water, Pes-
ticides, Air pollution, Energy, Water quality, Toxic sub-
stances, Acid rain.
PB84-194596/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Areawlde Environmental Assessment on the De-
velopment of a NEPA (National Environmental
Policy Act) Compliance Strategy for New Source
Coal Mining Activity In the Western Kentucky
Coal Field. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
31 Oct 83,193p EPA-904/9-83-116
The Western Kentucky Coal Field Areawide Environ-
mental Impact Assessment (EIA) was initiated with the
objective of developing a strategy to streamline
USEPA's new source NPDES while fulfilling the legis-
lative requirements of the Clean Water Act and NEPA.
Keywords: "Coal mining, "Environmental impacts, As-
sessments, Kentucky, State government, Regulations,
Licenses, Standards, Water pollution, Air pollution,
Noise pollution, Substitutes, Comparison, Climate,
Ecology, "National Environmental Policy Act, Biologi-
cal processes, Land pollution, New Source National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System, Acid mine
drainage. Ecosystems.
PB84-194604/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Removal of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons
From Primary Aluminum Air Pollution Control
Scrubber Wastewater,
Rexnord, Inc., Milwaukee, Wl. EnviroEnergy Technolo-
gy Center.
C. R. Dempsey, K. A. Dostal, and R. A. Osantowski.
May 84,20p EPA-600/D-84-135
Contract EPA-68-02-3928
A pilot-scale study was conducted at a primary alumi-
num plant to evaluate the removal of benzo(a)pyrene
and other polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's)
from potline scrubber wastewater. Specific objectives
included determining the need for granular activated
carbon to remove the PAH's to 10 micrograms/l and
evaluating the use of benzo(a)pyrene as an indicator
for the removal of all PAH's.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Aromatic polycy-
clic hydrocarbons, "Aluminum industry, Air pollution
control equipment, Scrubbering, Pilot plants, Industrial
waste treatment, Performance evaluation, Smelting,
Design criteria, Sampling, "Granular activated carbon
treatment, Benzopyrenes, SIC 3334.
PB84-194612/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Potential for Biodegradation of Organo-Chlorlne
Compounds In Groundwater,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
J. T. Wilson, R. L. Cosby, and G. B. Smith. May 84,17p
EPA-600/D-84-138
Halogenated aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons are
the most important organic contaminants of shallow
water-table aquifers. Such aquifers have recently been
shown to harbor an indigenous microflora. Organisms
in authentic and uncontaminated samples of uncon-
solidated subsurface material degraded styrene and
toluene. Samples from one site also degraded chloro-
benzene. Samples from three sites could not degrade
tri- or tetrachloroethylene, 1,1,1- or 1,1,2-trichloroeth-
ane, 1,1- or 1,2-dichloroethane or chloroform at rates
greater than 2% per week.
Keywords: "Chlorine organic compounds, "Ground
water, "Biodeterioration, "Water pollution, Aliphatic
hydrocarbons, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Aquifers, Te-
trachloroethylene, Chloroform, Solid waste disposal,
Sampling, Hydrolysis, Ecology, "Water pollution sam-
pling, Ethylene/trichloro, Ethane/trichloro, Chemical
spills, Biotransformation.
PB84-194638/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Water Resource Data and Trend Analysis for the
Blue Creek Watershed Pro|ect, Pike County, Illi-
nois: Phase 3. Final rept.,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
T. E. Davenport. Dec 83,265p IEPA/WPC/83-003
See also PB83-119917.
The purpose of this report is to present and interpret
trends in water quality data collected from project in-
ception through September 30, 1982 as part of the
Blue Creek Watershed project. This discussion covers
29 month's worth of data. The primary purpose of this
monitoring and evaluation project was to determine
the actual yield of pollutants from a variety of agricul-
tural practices to downstream receiving water and its
effect upon the water quality and reasonable uses of
the water resources. Monitoring and evaluation of
actual Resource Management System implementation
progress on sub-watersheds and yield of pollutants to
the major tributary stream and public water supply lake
will allow for a determination of nonpoint source yields
for the lands requiring treatment to reduce water qual-
ity problems, and the impact of Resource Manage-
ment Systems on both stream and lake quality.
Keywords: "Water resources, "Runoff, "Water pollu-
tion, Blue Creek, Illinois, Lakes, Trends, Hydrology,
Meteorology, Sampling, Streams, Nitrogen, Nutrients,
Metals, Potassium, Field tests, Phosphorus, Land use,
Farm crops, Sediments, "Agricultural watersheds,
'Water quality data, "Water quality management, "Ag-
ricultural runoff, Pike County(lllinois), Nonpoint
sources, Monitoring, Heavy metals.
PB84-194653/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Turbidity Removal for Small Public Water Sys-
tems. Technical rept.
SMC Martin, Inc., Valley Forge, PA.
Jun 83,133p EPA-570/9-83-011
Contract EPA-68-01-6285
This document has been prepared to aid water utility
owners, engineers, managers and operators in under-
standing and dealing with excess turbidity levels in the
water supply. It is intended to be used for defining the
problem, developing and evaluating proposed solu-
tions, explaining to utility customers the need for tur-
bidity control, and understanding operational consider-
ations. Finally, it explains a method to estimate the
costs associated with installation and operation of tur-
bidity removal systems. This document contains no
regulatory policy and does not obligate systems to use
any treatment or nontreatment technique to reduce
turbidity concentrations.
Keywords: "Turbidity, "Water treatment, "Handbooks,
Cost estimates. Design criteria, Potable water, Operat-
ing, Maintenance, Performance evaluation, "Small
systems.
PB84-1S4711/H3U	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Microorganism Removal for Small Water Systems.
Technical rept.
SMC Martin, Inc., Valley Forge, PA.
Jun 83,170p EPA-570/9-83-012
Contract EPA-68-01-6285
This document is designed primarily for use by owners
and operators of small water systems, those producing
500,000 gallons per day or less and serving less than
5,000 persons. Other expected users are municipal
managers and consulting engineers retained by utili-
ties. Its primary purpose is to assist personnel of small
water systems to understand the importance of micro-
organism control and to explain the design concepts,
cost estimating techniques, and operational consider-
ations associated with current technological approach-
es for maintaining such control.
Keywords: "Microorganism control(Water), "Water
treatment, "Potable water, Design criteria, Cost esti-
mates, Diseases, Regulations, Disinfectants, Chlorina-
tion, Ozone, Ultraviolet radiation, Substitutes, Mainte-
nance, Operating, Performance evaluation, "Small
systems.
PB84-194636/HSU	PCA04/MFA01
Regionalizatlon Options for Small Water Systems.
SMC Martin, Inc., Valley Forge, PA.
Jun 83,61 p EPA-570/ 9-83-008
Contract EPA-68-01-6285
This document describes many forms of regionaliza-
tion and analyzes the associated benefits; costs; and
financial, legal, organizational, and political aspects.
Case histories illustrate the concepts and kinds of re-
gionalization options available. This document also
provides a methodology to help communities evaluate
and tailor options for their particular situations.
Keywords: "Regional planning, "Water supply, Potable
water, Communities, Methodology, Case histories.
PB84-194844/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Sampling Procedures for Ground Water Quality
Investigations,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
M. R. Scalf. May 84,37p EPA-600/D-84-137
To provide a realistic assessment of current and po-
tential pollution problems and a rational basis for
ground water quality protection, it is necessary to col-
lect representative samples from this remote and rela-
tively inaccessible environment. This article presents
some procedures currently utilized to sample ground
water and subsurface earth materials for microbial and
inorganic and organic chemical parameters. In select-
ing a sampling procedure, a number of considerations
are described based on the objectives of the sampling
program, characteristics of pollutants, nature of pollu-
tion source, and hydrogeology of the area. Various
techniques for constructing sampling wells and for
withdrawing samples are also noted For situations
where samples of subsurface earth materials are re-
quired to adequately assess ground-water quality
threats, procedures are described for collecting, han-
dling, and processing core samples.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Water quality, "Water pol-
lution, Sampling, Sources, Hydrogeology, Laboratory
equipment, Sites, Assessments, "Water pollution sam-
pling, Path of pollutants, Volatile organic compounds,
Procedures.
PB84-194851/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Radionuclide Removal for Small Public Water Sys-
tems. Technical rept.
SMC Martin, Inc., Valley Forge, PA.
Jun 83,163p EPA-570/9-83-010
Contract EPA-68-01 -6285
This document has been prepared to aid water utility
owners, engineers, operators and municipal managers
in understanding and dealing with excessive radionu-
clide levels in their water supply. It is intended to be
used for defining the problem, developing or evaluat-
ing proposed solutions, and explaining to water con-
sumers why radionuclides are controlled and what the
approximate cost of control will be. This handbook is
designed as a technical guide to radionuclide removal
for those smaller size systems that have decided that
radionuclide control is desirable. This document con-
tains no regulatory policy and does not obligate sys-
tems to use any treatment or nontreatment technique
to reduce radionuclide concentrations.
Keywords: "Radioactive contaminants, 'Water treat-
ment, "Handbooks, Potable water, Cost estimates,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Radioactivity, Substitutes, Design criteria. Operating,
Maintenance, Ion exchanging, Performance evalua-
tion, 'Small systems, Natural emissions, Reverse os-
mosis, Lime-Soda softening.
PB84-194877/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Journal
Holdings Report, 1983.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Information Management and Services Div.
Mar 84,230p* EPA-IMSD-84-1
See also PB80-216237.
The eighth annual Journal Holdings Report of the li-
brary system of the United States Environmental Pro-
tection Agency Library Systems Staff contains approxi-
mately 5,000 unique titles and 9,000 holdings records.
The report is arranged alphabetically by title.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Libraries, "Peri-
odicals.
PB84-194893/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Microbial Activity in Model Aquifer Systems,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada
OK.
J. Wilson, and M. J. Noonan. May 84, 35p EPA-600/D-
84-136
Prepared in cooperation with Lincoln Coll,, Canterbury
(New Zealand).
This book chapter considers the nature and properties
of microcosms, the variability of the subsurface envi-
ronment as it affects investigations with microcosms,
microcosms as physical models, and the rational
design of microcosms. It also considers the properties
and appropriate use of several microcosms, including
(1) two microcosms to study survival of microorga-
nisms in ground water, (2) a microcosm to study bio-
transformations of concentrated industrial wastes after
deep-well disposal, (3) a microcosm for the study of
biotransformation of pollutants which uses internal re-
circulation of water to allow repeated sampling, (4) a
microcosm in column configuration to study biotrans-
formations of pollutants which are highly volatile or
sorb strongly to rubber or plastic, and (5) a simple
batch microcosm to study biotransformations of pollut-
ants that are volatile.
Keywords: "Microbiology, "Aquifers, "Water pollution,
Microorganisms, Ground water, Survival, Industrial
wastes, Circulation, Injection wells, Coliform bacteria,
Water wells, Escherichia coli, Sampling, Organic com-
pounds, Models, Design, "Microcosms, Biotransfor-
mation.
PB84-195163/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Chloroform: Ex-
ternal Review Draft. Parts 1 and 2.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Mar 84, 399p EPA-600/8-84-004A
This document represents a comprehensive data base
that considers all sources of chloroform in the environ-
ment, the likelihood of human exposures and the pos-
sible consequences to man and lower organisms from
its absorption. This information is integrated into a
format that can serve as the basis for qualitative and
quantitative risk assessments, while at the same time
identifying gaps in our knowledge that limit present
evaluative capabilities. Accordingly, it is expected that
this document may serve the information needs of
many government agencies and private groups that
may be involved in decision making and regulatory ac-
tivities.
Keywords: "Chloroform, "Environmental surveys,
"Public health, "Industrial hygiene, Regulations, As-
sessments, Ecology, Standards, Toxicity, Mutagens,
Sources, Laboratory animals, Exposure, Epidemiology,
Risk, Biochemistry, Malignant neoplasms, Air pollu-
tion, Water pollution, "Occupational safety and health,
Path of pollutants, Pharmacokinetics, Cancer, Bio-
transformation, Land pollution.
PB84-195171/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Areawide Environmental Assessment on the De-
velopment of a NEPA (National Environmental
Policy Act) Compliance Strategy for New Source
Coal Mining Activity In the Eastern Kentucky Coal
Field. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
11 Aug 82, 320p EPA/904/9-83-114
The Eastern Kentucky Coal Field Areawide Environ-
mental Impact Assessment (EIA) was initiated with the
objective of developing a strategy to streamline
USEPA's new source NPDES while fulfilling the legis-
lative requirements of the Clean Water Act and NEPA.
Keywords: "Coal mining, "Environmental impacts,
Kentucky, Regulations, Air pollution. Water pollution,
Climate, Ecology, Licenses, State government, Noise
pollution, Comparison, Substitutes, "National Environ-
mental Policy Act, New Source National Pollutant Dis-
charge Elimination System, Biological processes,
Land pollution. Ecosystems.
PB84-195270/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Annotated Literature References on Land Treat-
ment of Hazardous Waste. Final rept. Aug 81-Apr
84,
East Central Oklahoma State Univ., Ada.
J. Galegar. May 84,475p* EPA-600/2-84-098
The major environmental problem in the decade of the
1980's will be the safe disposal of hazardous and mu-
nicipal wastes and residues. Land treatment can be
used to achieve specific effects through utilization of
various management schemes. Through proper man-
agement of the land processes, soil characteristics
may be altered to produce more productive soil, vege-
tation, and a cost-effective treatment process. This
publication represents one of a five part response to
the grant on Land Treatment of Industrial Waste. This
portion provides technical literature annotations of
land treatment processes for chemical, hazardous,
and industrial solid wastes. Since the concept of land
treatment process is relatively new for industrial waste,
information is widely scattered. Approximately eight
hundred thirty publications, including material through
the year 1982, have been reviewed and annotated in
this report.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Solid waste dispos-
al, Industrial wastes, Chemical compounds, Sites, Cost
analysis, Transport properties, Soils, Water pollution.
Sewage disposal, Land use, "Land disposal, Sewage
sludge.
PB84-195288/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Toxicological Studies of Smoke Obscurants,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D. E. Gardner, J. A. Harris, M. E. Hiteshew, D. W.
Davies, and E. C. Grose. May 84,12p EPA-6O0/D-84-
127
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
An exposure facility was designed and constructed to
support health effect studies of inhaled smoke obscur-
ants generated from light lubricating oils. Concentra-
tions are monitored using gravimetric filter sample
analysis and continuous RAM-1 aerosol monitors.
Chemical consistency of the test atmospheres is moni-
tored by observing the relative stability of fractions of
the oil as measured by high performance liquid chro-
matographic analysis of collected aerosol samples.
Toxicological parameters investigated include: Clinical
chemistry (i.e. bilirubin, cholinesterase, LDH, SGOT
and SGPT), and hematology immunology (i.e. natural
killer cell activity and lymphocyte response to mito-
gens): protein content of pulmonary lavage fluid; pul-
monary free cells (i.e. viability, phagocytic rates, and
differential counts): pathology; cardiopulmonary physi-
ology on unanesthetized animals studying dynamic re-
sponses such as lung compliance, airway resistance,
electrocardiograms and blood gases; pulmonary phys-
iology of anesthetized rats including lung volumes, dif-
fusion capacity of CO, and nitrogen washout.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Lubricating oils, "Smoke
screens, "Air pollution, "Military operations, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Humans, Chemical anal-
ysis, Laboratory aniamls, Aerosols, Tests, "Air pollu-
tion effects(Humans), "Air pollution effects(Animals),
High performance liquid chromatography.
PB84-195296/HSU	PC A02/MF AOI
Automated Calibration and Analysis of VOCs with
a Capillary Column Gas Chromatograph Equipped
for Reduced Temperature Trapping,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
W. A. McClenny, and J. D. Pleil. May 84,16p EPA-600/
D-84-132
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Recently an automated system for monitoring volatile
organics by reduced temperature (-150C) preconcen-
tration and capillary column/gas chromatographic
analysis has been assembled and evaluated. The au-
tomation has now been extended to include multipoint
calibration using single stage dilution of trace level or-
ganics with humidified zero air. Instructions for auto-
mation are carried out under microprocessor control
on a Hewlett Packard Model 5880A gas chromato-
graph using a Basic language program to actuate ex-
ternal voltage outputs that set the electronic flow con-
trollers and solenoid valves in the calibrator hardware.
A sixteen-compound mixture of volatile organics has
been used to demonstrate a five-point calibration.
Data for each compound at each of five concentration
levels are stored and used to obtain linear regressions,
providing values of slope and intercept for the fit. The
slopes are then entered manually via the HP 5880 key-
board into the calibration table. This is an abstract of a
proposed presentation and does not necessarily re-
flect EPA policy. Mention of trade names of commer-
cial products does not constitute endorsement or rec-
ommendation for use.
Keywords: "Gas chromatography, "Capillary flow, "Air
pollution, "Gas analysis, Calibrating, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, Sampling, Low temperature
tests, Traps, Laboratory equipment, Chemical analy-
sis, Trace elements, Performance evaluation, "Volatile
organic compounds, "Air quality, "Air pollution detec-
tion, Electron capture detectors, Flame ionization de-
tectors.
PB84-19S304/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Dosimetry of Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide In Man
and Animals,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. H. Overton, Jr., and F. J. Miller. May 84,15p EPA-
600/D-84-126
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Agreement between experimental data on maximum
morphological damage and maximal predicated tissue
does offers promise that mathematical dosimetry
models can contribute to a better understanding of ef-
fective doses in animal studies and their correspond-
ence to human exposure levels. Modeling must be a
dynamic process to take advantage of new information
and evolving conceptualizations of physical, chemical,
and biological processes. Qualitative extrapolations
from animals to man have been indirectly in setting Na-
tional Ambient Air Quality Standards. Continued devel-
opment of dosimetry models, along with information
on species differences in sensitivity to pollutants, have
the potential to make extrapolations between animals
and man more quantitative in the future.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Nitrogen dioxide, 'Dosimetry
"Toxicology, "Air pollution, Exposure, Absorption
Mathematical models, Extrapolation, Standards'
Dosage, Forecasting, Public health, Laboratory ani-
mals, "Air pollution effects(Humans), 'Air pollution
effects(Animals), "Toxic substances, National ambient
air quality standards.
PB84-195312/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Integration of Species Sensitivity and Dosimetry
Data In the Extrapolation of Ozone and Nftronan
Dioxide Health Data from Animal to Man,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triannia
Park, NC.	a e
J. A. Graham, and G. E. Hatch. May 84,14p EPA-600/
0-84-125
Estimations of regional pulmonary doses of 03 and
N02 need to be combined with an understanding o(
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
the sensitivity of several animal species and man to
equivalent tissue doses before animal to man quantita-
tive extrapolations can be performed. Because of po-
tential species differences in anti-oxidant defenses
and repair mechanisms it is unlikely that regional lung
dose-response effects will be identical across species.
These differences will be discussed and unifying con-
cepts presented that are likely to quantitatively acco-
modate the differences in eventual extrapolation mod-
eling. The concepts and their current state of experi-
mental or theoretical validation to be addressed in-
clude the application of (1) scaling principles between
species following in vitro and in vivo exposure, (2) the
parallelogram concept which directly relates acute
animal to acute human effects and acute animal to
chronic animal effects, thereby permitting the indirect
estimation of chronic human effects, and (3) species
comparisons of the health effects of 03.
Keywords: "Ozone, 'Nitrogen dioxide, "Sensitivity,
•Dosimetry, Animals, Humans, Lung.
PB84-19S320/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Upgrading Foundry Wastewater Treatment. Rept.
for Oct 82-Mar 84,
Rexnord, Inc., Milwaukee, Wl. EnviroEnergy Technolo-
gy Center.
R. Osantowski, and J. S. Ruppersberger. May 84, 20p
E P A-600/ D-84-129
Contract EPA-68-02-3928
The paper summarizes findings of a 10-week pilot
plant study of gray iron foundry wastewater treatment.
Treatment technologies studied included lime soften-
ing, lime/soda ash softening, polymer addition, floccu-
lation/sedimentation, and dual media filtration. Results
indicate that clarification with lime and polymer, fol-
lowed by dual media filtration, provides effective treat-
ment for discharge or potential reuse. Full scale costs
and space requirements are included.
Keywords: "Foundries, "Sewage treatment, "Water
pollution control, Gray iron, Pilot plants, Waste water,
Calcium oxides. Polymers, Sodium carbonates, Filtra-
tion, Sedimentation, Flocculating, Clarification, Up-
grading.
PB84-195338/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Use of Immunotoxlclty Data In the Environmental
Regulatory Process,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D. E. Gardner, M. K. Selgrade, and J. A. Graham. May
84, 21 p EPA-600/D-84-128
One of the principal responsibilities of the U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency is to conduct research
necessary to maintain an adequate scientific and tech-
nological data base on which to establish the stand-
ards, regulations and implementation actions required
by various congressional acts. This paper discusses
the two legislative mandates; the Clean Air Act and the
Toxic Substances Control Act, because most of our re-
search related to immunotoxicity has been done to
provide data for these two. The use of immunologic
data for regulation of environmental pollutants is obvi-
ously in its infancy. Major factors that affect the useful-
ness of immunologic data for regulatory decisionmak-
ing and describe an approach we are presently devel-
oping to answer questions related to immunotoxicity of
chemicals are discussed in this paper.
Keywords: "Regulations, "Toxicity, "Immunology,
"Chemical compounds, "Environmental surveys,
Standards, Public health, Air pollution, Exposure,
Tests, "Clean Air Act, "Toxic Substances Control Act.
PB84-195346/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Waste Oil Heaters: Organic, Inorganic, and Bloas-
say Analyses of Combustion Samples. Rept. for
Sep 82-Mar 84,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
M. Cooke, W. E. Bresler, T. L. Hayes, R. E. Hall, and J.
L. Mumford. May 84,30p* EPA-600/D-84-130
Contract EPA-68-02-3628
The paper describes tests on two typical designs of
waste-oil space heaters, firing two different types of
waste crankcase oils. Study results can be summa-
rized according to the four substances investigated:
particulates, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs), organolead, and fuel samples. Analysis of
samples from the air atomizing heater (AAH) con-
firmed previously identified elevated metal content of
waste oil emissions. Bromine levels were exceptionally
high. The ferrous ion (Fe(ll)) content in particulate
samples from the AAH was very low. Several PAHs
were at elevated levels in gaseous emissions from
both space heaters: the vaporizing pot heater (VPH)
emissions had the higher PAH content. No organolead
was detected in emissions from the AAH (organolead
analyses were not performed on the VPH emissions).
Mutagenicity assays of the particulate and the XAD
samples from both heaters were mutagenic and con-
tained direct-acting mutagens: emissions from the
VPH were the more mutagenic. Comparison of the two
types of fuels showed that emissions from the automo-
bile waste crankcase oil were consistently more muta-
genic than those from the truck waste crankcase oil.
Keywords: "Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons,
"Space heaters, "Lubricating oils, "Gas analysis, "Air
pollution control, "Bioassay, Crankcase, Design crite-
ria, Performance evaluation, Combustion products,
Trace elements, Metals, Mutagens, Burners, Chemical
analysis, Sampling, Laboratory animals, Exposure,
Comparison, "Refuse derived fuels, 'Waste utilization,
"Air pollution detection, Liquid wastes, Volatile organic
compounds, Air pollution effects(Animals), Vaporizing
pot heaters.
PB84-195353/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Human Exposure Assessment: Background Con-
cepts, Purpose, and Overview of the Washington,
DC. - Denver, Colorado Field Studies,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
G. G. Akland, W. R. Ott, and L. A. Wallace. May 84,
19pEPA-600/D-84-131, R-605
In the past, no scientifically valid approach for deter-
mining the exposures of an urban population to a pol-
lutant was available. Recently, EPA successfully field
tested two separate but complementary approaches
for determining population exposures to air pollution:
(a) direct measurement of exposure profiles of a repre-
sentative random sample of the population with per-
sonal exposure monitors, and (b) an indirect approach
which combines human activity pattern data with
micro-environmental concentration data to estimate
exposure profiles. In the winter of 1982-83, the two ap-
proaches were field tested. This effort provides a rich
human exposure data base and a methodology that
can be applied to other pollutants and other urban
areas.
Keywords: "Monitoring, "Air pollution, Carbon monox-
ide, Exposure, Humans, Urban areas, "Pollution moni-
toring, 'Environmental monitoring.
PB84-195379/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Chemical and Biological Studies Related to the
Water Quality of St. Louis Bay of Lake Superior,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
A. R. Carlson, and N. A. Thomas. May 84,126p EPA-
600/3-84-064
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Univ.-Superi-
or, and Minnesota Univ.-Duluth.
This was a cooperative effort among the University of
Wisconsin-Superior, University of Minnesota-Duluth,
and U.S. EPA Environmental Research Laboratory-
Duluth to develop and evaluate effluent toxicity
screening methods and test methods and protocols for
deriving site-specific water quality criteria. The princi-
pal components of the study were to include: (1) a
chemical characterization of the main discharges to
the St. Louis River and Harbor, (2) persistence of toxic
pollutants in the St. Louis River and Harbor, (3) a de-
scription of the exposure times for various compo-
nents of the ecosystem, (4) bioassays with St. Louis
River water and resident species, (5) an assessment
as to the degradation of the biologic community of St.
Louis Harbor, and (6) a modeling framework to ad-
dress items 1 through 5. Because persistent toxic pol-
lutant concentrations were not found in the WLSSD ef-
fluent and no persistent open water pollutant problems
were apparent, this study was ended. The Project
Report contains a series of reports on work complet-
ed.
Keywords: "Water quality, "Saint Louis Bay, "Water
pollution, Lake Superior, Chemical compounds, Bioas-
say, Assessments, Degradation, Sampling, Ammonia,
Phosphorus, Mathematical models. Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Sediments, Sewage
treatment, "Toxic substances, "Water pollution sam-
pling, "Water pollution effects(Animals), Biological
processes, Ecosystems, Zooplankton, Phytoplankton.
PB84-195403/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Temperature-Dependent Collection Efficiency of
a Cryogenic Trap for Trace-Level Volatile Organic
Compounds,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. D. Pleil, and W. A. McClenny. May 84,19p EPA-600/
D-84-133
Reduced temperature preconcentration of volatile or-
ganic compounds in a packed trap is examined experi-
mentally as a function of trapping temperatures rang-
ing from -180C to +100C. Trapped compounds are
thermally desorbed into a capillary column-equipped
gas chromatograph and quantified with a flame ioniza-
tion detector. Data sets are presented for 21 com-
pounds of environmental interest at various concentra-
tions (in dry zero air) in the range of 0.1 ppbv to 100
ppbv. Measured chromatographic peak areas increase
from a low but non-zero value for high trap-tempera-
ture runs to a constant value as the trap temperature is
lowered. Extrapolated Clausius Clapeyron equations
are shown to be a useful guide in estimating the trap
temperature required for 99% collection efficiency.
Keywords: "Traps, "Gas analysis, "Trace elements,
"Temperature, Cryogenics, Organic compounds, Air
pollution, Performance evaluation, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, "Volatile organic compounds, "Air pollution
detection, Clausius-Clapeyron equation, Numerical so-
lution.
PB84-195460/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Legal Issues Related to Creation, Banking and
Use of Emission Reduction Credits (ERCs). Part 2.
The Public Trust Doctrine.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
May 84, 14p EPA-230-02-84-004
See also PB82-221854.
This report presents an overview on which involves the
creation of surplus pollution reductions (Emission Re-
duction Credits) at certain emission sources and use of
these reductions to meet requirements applicable to
other emission sources. The public trust doctrine holds
that some public resources, notably land, are held in
trust by the state for the public. Insofar as an Emission
Reduction Credit (ERC) might be construed as a pri-
vate right in a public resource (air), the doctrine may be
of concern to states adopting an emissions trading
program. At most, the public trust doctrine is common
law, and presumably a properly enacted state regula-
tory program (enacted under state and federal statute)
would preempt a common law doctrine. The only con-
sistent reading of the public trust doctrine is that the
state must administer public property in a way that en-
sures broad public use for all purposes. An emissions
trading program is consistent with this end, allocating
competing uses of a limited resource. An ERC pro-
gram does not conflict with the public trust doctrine,
and the doctrine should prove no obstacle to Emis-
sions Trading.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Regulations, Industrial
plants, Cost engineering, Industrial wastes, State gov-
ernments, Abatement, 'Emission reduction credits,
'Public trust doctrine.
PB84-198098	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Recovery by the Coral 'Acropora cervicomis'
After Drilling Mud Exposure: The Free Amino Acid
Pool. Journal article,
Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Dept. of Ocean-
ography.
E. N. Powell, S. J. Connor, J. J. Kendall, Jr., C. E.
Zastrow, andT. J. Bright. C1984,18p EPA-600/J-84-
017
Grant EPA-R-806793-030
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 13, p243-256 1984.
Corals were exposed to drilling mud for 24 hr and then
allowed to recover for 48 hr in clean seawater. De-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
pending on the concentration and the mud used, expo-
sure produced either an increase or decrease in free
amino acid (FAA) pool size. Aspartate was affected to
a greater degree than other amino acids. No clear in-
stance of recovery could be ascertained after 48 hr in
clean seawater. In several cases, corals, apparently
unaffected by a 24 hr exposure, nevertheless suffered
significant changes in the FAA pool during the 48 hr re-
covery period. Thus, the degree of toxicity of the drill-
ing mud could not be accurately predicted from the 24
hr exposure data. In many cases, the choice of a nor-
malizing parameter determined whether two sets of
data were significantly different or not. Accurate ef-
fects assessment depends on a comparison of several
methods of normalization to confirm statistical results.
(Copyright (c) 1984 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.)
Keywords: "Drilling fluids, 'Corals, "Toxicity, "Amino
acids, Exposure, Water pollution, Plants(Botany), Re-
prints. "Water pollution effects(Plants), "Acropora arvi-
cornois.
PB84-196104/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Rapid Technique for Estimating ONA Binding,
Used to Evaluate 1-Nitropyrene Adduct Forma-
tion. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.
M. A. Jackson, L. C. King, and L. M. Ball. 1983,14p
EPA-600/J-83-203
Pub. in Drug and Chemical Toxicology 6, n6 p549-562
1983. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services,
Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A simple and rapid procedure for estimating binding of
radiolabeled material to DNA and protein is described.
Protein was extracted from lysed rabbit alveolar ma-
crophages with chloroform: iso-amyl-alcohol.phenol
extraction. Nucleic acids were precipitated from the
lysate, and hydrolysed with protease and NaOH to
remove residual protein and RNA respectively. Bound
radioactivity was quantitated by precipitation of DNA
onto glass fiber filters. Protein labelled with H-leucine
and DNA and RNA adducts formed from 1-
nitro(c)pyrene by xanthine oxidase were used to define
this procedure. C was shown to be bound to endoge-
nous protein and DNA isolated from rabbit alveolar
macrophages that had been incubated with 1-
nitro(c)pyrene.
Keywords: "Deoxyribonucleic acids, "Proteins, Bind-
ing, Reprints, "Labeled substances, Pyrene/nitro.
PB84-196211/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Method
Study 14, Method 604-Phenols. Rept. for 18 Sep
78-30 Mar 84,
IT Enviroscience, Inc., Knoxville, TN.
J. R. Hall, J. R. Florance, D. L. Strother, and M. N.
Wass. May 84, 272p EPA-600/4-84-044
Contract EPA-68-03-2625
An interlaboratory study in which 20 laboratories par-
ticipated was conducted to provide precision and ac-
curacy statements for the proposed EPA Method 604-
Phenols for measuring concentrations of the Category
8 chemicals phenol, 2,4-dimethylphenol, 2-chloro-
phenol, 4-chloro-3-methylphenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol,
2,4,6-trichlorophenol, pentachlorophenol, 2-nitro-
phenol, 4-nitrophenol, 4,6-dinitro-2-methylphenol, and
2,4-dinitrophenol in municipal and industrial aqueous
discharges. The method provides for the determina-
tion of the phenols by gas chromatography (GC) with
flame ionization detection (FID) or derivatization and
detection by electron capture (EC). The study design
was based on Youden's plan for collaborative tests of
analytical methods. Three Youden pair samples of the
test compounds were spiked into six types of test
waters and then analyzed.
Keywords: "Phenols, "Chemical analysis, "Water pol-
lution, Gas chromatography, Water analysis, Sewage,
Industrial wastes, Phenol, "EPA method 604, "Water
pollution detection, Flame ionization detectors, Elec-
tron capture detectors, Phenol/dimethyl, Phenol/
chloro, Phenol/chloro-methyl, Phenol/dichloro,
Phenol/trichloro, Phenol/pentachloro, Phenol/nitro,
Phenol/dinitro-methyl, Phenol/dinitro.
148 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB84-196229/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Characterization of Soil Disposal System Lea-
chates. Final rept. 1980-83,
Rice Univ., Houston, TX. Dept. of Environmental Sci-
ence and Engineering.
M. Tomson, C. Curran, J. M. King, H. Wang, and J.
Dauchy. May 84,87p EPA-600/2-84-101
Grant EPA-R-806931
Ground water from a total of ten septic tank systems
around the country has been sampled and analyzed
for inorganic ions, bacteria, viruses, and chromatogra-
phable trace level organics (C-TLOs). Generally, the
distribution box at each site was sampled and taken to
be input to the soil adsorption field. The primary em-
phasis of the work has been C-TLOs. From preliminary
studies, twenty-two C-TLOs were targeted for quantita-
tion. These 22 compounds included: chloroform, trich-
loroethylene toluene, dichlorobenzenes, naphthalene,
skatole, p(1,1,3.3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol, benzophe-
none, and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, several of which
are priority pollutants. Concentration of the 22 target
compounds varied from a high of about 300 micro-
grams/I in the distribution boxes to a high of about 15
micrograms/l in the ground water wells.
Keywords: "Septic tanks, "Water pollution, "Soil
chemistry, Sewage disposal, Ground water, Bacteria,
Viruses, Organic wastes, Municipalities, Waste water,
Organic compounds, Trace elements, Chromatogra-
phic analysis, Sites, Leaching, Water analysis, Chemi-
cal analysis, Water wells, Hazardous materials, Sam-
pling, "Land disposal, Case studies, "Water pollution
detection, "Water pollution sampling.
PB84-196450/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effluent Ammonia Variability from Nitrification Fa-
cilities,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
L. A. Rossman. May 84,10p EPA-600/D-84-139
A statistical analysis was made on several years worth
of daily effluent ammonia concentrations from seven
Ohio nitrification plants. Significant seasonal and
annual trends were found in six of the plants. The full
range of ammonia variability within a season could not
generally be fit to any of five commonly used probabili-
ty distributions. Values above 0.5-1.0 mg/L fit the log-
normal or shifted exponential distribution in most
cases. Selected exceedance probabilities and concen-
tration percentiles could be related to the overall sea-
sonal mean concentration. These relationships sug-
gested using the exponential distribution as a general
model for approximating within-season ammonia varia-
bility.
Keywords: "Ammonia, "Sewage treatment, "Nitrifica-
tion, "Statistical analysis, Concentration(Composition),
Trends, Seasonal variations, Distributing, Biological
processes.
PB84-196674/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Method
Study 12, Cyanide in Water. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
J. Winter, P. Britton, and R. Kroner. May 84,125p EPA-
600/4-84-045
EPA Method Study 12, Cyanide in Water reports the
results of a study by EMSL-Cincinnati for the param-
eters, Total Cyanide and Cyanides Amendable to
Chlorination, present in water at microgram per liter
levels. Four methods: pyridine-pyrazolone, pyridine-
barbituric acid, electrode and Roberts-Jackson were
used by 112 laboratories in Federal and State agen-
cies, municipalities, universities, and the private/indus-
trial sector. Sample concentrates were prepared in
pairs with similar concentrations at each of three
levels. Analysts diluted samples to volume with dis-
tilled and natural waters and analyzed them. Precision,
accuracy, bias and the natural water interference were
evaluated for each analytical method and comparisons
were made between the four methods.
Keywords: "Cyanides, "Water analysis, "Water quality,
'Guidelines, "Laboratories, Sampling, Chemical analy-
sis, Water pollution, Comparison, State government,
Federal government. Potable water, Industrial wastes,
Sewage, Sediments, Quality control, Tables(Data),
"Water pollution detection, Solid wastes.
PB84-196682/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, OH.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Method
Study 25, Method 602, Purgeable Aromatics. Rept.
for Sept 79-Dec 82,
Monsanto Co., Dayton, OH.
B. J. Warner, J. M. Finke, R. C. Gable, J. E. Strobel,
and A. D. Snyder. May 84,151p EPA-600/4-84-042
Contract EPA-68-03-2856
The experimental design and the results of an interla-
boratory study for an analytical method to detect pur-
geable aromatics in water are described herein. The
method, EPA Method 602, Purgeable Aromatics, em-
ploys a purge-and-trap chromatographic technique for
determination of seven aromatic hydrocarbon analytes
in water matrices. The three Youden pairs of spiking
solutions used in this study contained benzene, chloro-
benzene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, 1,3-dichlorobenzene,
1,4-dichlorobenzene, ethylbenzene and toluene. The
six water types used in the study were distilled water,
drinking water, surface water, and three wastewater
samples from industries employing or producing aro-
matic hydrocarbons. Twenty laboratories participated
in the Method 602 validation study. The participating
laboratories supplied their individual distilled, drinking,
and surface water samples. Monsanto Research Cor-
poration (MRC) supplied the three industrial
wastewater samples. The statistical analyses and con-
clusions reached in this report are based on the analyt-
ical data obtained by the 20 participating laboratories.
Keywords: "Water analysis, "Aromatic hydrocarbons,
'Chromatographic analysis, Potable water, Surface
water, Traps, Industrial wastes. Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Water pollution, Chemical analysis. Toluene,
Chlorobenzenes, Sampling, Purging, "EPA method
602, "Water pollution detection, Benzene, Benzene/
chloro, Benzene/dichloro, Benzene/ethyl.
PB84-196732/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Thermal Treatment of Municipal Sewage Sludges,
Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts, Whittier, CA.
T. J. LeBrun, and L. D. Tortorici. May 84,236p EPA/
600/2-84/104
Contract DI-14-12-150
The thermal conditioning research program was con-
ducted as part of an overall long-term sludge manage-
ment study for the Los Angeles and Orange County
metropolitan areas. The major goal of this portion of
the study was to investigate the advantages of thermal
conditioning of primary and waste activated sludges
prior to anaerobic digestion, on a continuous flow and
pilot scale basis. The studies were designed to demon-
strate whether thermal conditioning would help
produce increased gas production and volatile solids
destruction during subsequent anaerobic stabilization
of the sludge. Anaerobic digestion and anaerobic filtra-
tion were used for sludge stabilization. The effects of
thermal conditioning on sludge dewaterability were
studied by means of dewatering via a filter press,
vacuum filter, scroll and basket centrifuges and belt
filter press. Other studies of interest included the fate
of pathogens and heavy metals, and the production
and control of odors during the thermal conditioning
process. The pilot scale thermal conditioning unit was
tested using a variety of operational conditions. Oper-
ating temperatures and pressures were varied and
thermal conditioning with and without the use of
oxygen was investigated. Two types of wastewater
sludges were used: waste activated sludge and a
blend of 65 percent raw primary and 35 percent waste
activated sludge. An energy analysis was conducted to
determine the net energy demands of including ther-
mal conditioning in the sTudge process.
Keywords: "Sludge drying, 'Solid waste disposal
Dewatering, Pilot plants, Anaerobic processes, Com-
parison, Sewage treatment, Odors, Activated sewage
treatment, Performance evaluation, Design criteria
"Sewage sludge, 'Sludge treatment, 'Thermal gasifi-
cation.
PB84-196740/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Th
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Evaluation of Chemical Reaction Mechanisms for
Photochemical Smog. Part 2. Quantitative Evalua-
tion of the Mechanisms. Interim rept. Apr 83-Feb 84,
California Inst, of Tech., Pasadena.
J. A. Leone, and J. H. Seinfeld. May 84,211p EPA-
600/3-84-063
Grant EPA-R-810184
See also PB83-263251.
Six chemical reaction mechanisms for photochemical
smog were analyzed to determine why, under identical
conditions, they predict different maximum ozone con-
centrations. To perform the analysis, a counter spe-
cies technique was used to determine the contribu-
tions of individual reactions or sets of reactions to the
overall behavior of the chemical reaction mechanism.
Using this technique, answers were obtained to previ-
ously inaccessible questions such as what is the rela-
tive contribution of individual organic species to photo-
chemical ozone formation. Based on the results of the
counter species analysis specific aspects of each
mechanism were identified that are responsible for the
discrepancies with other mechanisms. For each mech-
anism, parameters were identified that when altered
brought the predictions of the various mechanisms into
much closer agreement.
Keywords: 'Smog, 'Reaction kinetics, "Air pollution,
Photochemical	reactions.	Ozone,
Concentration(Composition), Photolysis, Nitrogen
oxides, 'Chemical reaction mechanisms.
PB84-196914/HSU	CP T02
U.S. Cancer Mortality Rates and Trends 1950-
1979. Data file,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. B. Van Bruggen, and W. B. Riggan. 1979, mag tape*
EPA-600/1 -83-015D, EPA/DF-84/003
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. Call NTIS
Computer Products if you have questions.
The report contains cancer mortality rates and
changes in rates for counties of the United States for
1950-1959,1960-1969, and 1970-1979. This report in-
cludes the number of deaths and cancer mortality
rates age-adjusted to the 1970 U.S. population for
each of 35 site-specific cancers for four race-sex
groups. Further, counties are ranked nationally by per-
centile for 1970-1979 age-adjusted death rates and for
percent change from 1950-1959 to 1970-1979.
Keywords: 'Data file, "Mortality, 'Malignant neo-
plasms, Trends, Magnetic tapes, United States, Coun-
ties, Statistical data, Census.
PB84-197144/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Residential Wood Combustion Study, Task 6,
Control Strategy Analysis. Final rept.,
Green (Del) Associates, Inc., Woodburn, OR. Environ-
mental Technology Div.
R. L. Gay, and W. T. Green. Apr 83,291 p* EPA-910/9-
82-0891
Contract EPA-68-02-3566
See also PB84-170646.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
This study developed and evaluated a comprehensive
list of alternative strategies for controlling the ambient
air quality impact of residential wood combustion
(RWC) in the Pacific Northwest. Over seventy-five con-
trol strategy elements were initially evaluated, using a
Keppner-Tregoe evaluation process, which included
five minimum (MUST) criteria and twelve desirable
(WANT) criteria. Twenty generic strategy approaches
were evaluated, using available published information
an extensive assumptions, to estimate their potential
ability to reduce RWC particulate emissions. Based on
the findings of these analyses, fifteen RWC control
strategies were selected and evaluated using the
Keppner-Tregoe process. Rough estimates of imple-
mentation costs were made. A matrix summary of the
fifteen strategies was prepared showing their relative
ranking based on all twelve WANT criteria, their esti-
mated costs, and benefits in terms of estimated partic-
ulate emission reduction potential.
Keywords: "Wood, "Residential buildings, "Air pollu-
tion control, "Stoves, Firewood, Combustion products,
Particles, Cost analysis, Households, Fuel consump-
tion, Design criteria, Heating systems, Space heating,
Performance evaluation, Moisture content, Regula-
tions, 'Air quality, 'Pacific northwest region(United
States), "Wood stoves, "Indoor air pollution. Wood
burning furnaces, Keppner Tregoe process.
PB84-197151/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Toxicity of Sewage Sludge to 'Rhepoxynlus
abronius', a Marine Benthlc Amphipod. Journal arti-
cle,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
R. C. Swartz, D. W. Schults, G. R. Ditsworth, and W. A.
DeBen. 1984,13p EPA-600/J-84-019
Pub. in Archives Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 13, p207-216 1984.
Relative toxicity of sewage sludges from six treatment
plants was determined by the LC50 of sludge-sedi-
ment mixtures to the infaunal marine amphipod, Rhe-
poxynius abronius. LC50s were measured as the in-
crease in the percent total volatile solids (TVS) of the
mixture due to the addition of sludge required to kill
50% of the amphipods during a 10-day exposure.
LC50s ranged from 2.83% TVS addition for sludge
from the small, domestic community of Waldport,
Oregon to less than 0.1% TVS addition for metropoli-
tan, more industrialized sources in Los Angeles, Cali-
fornia. The toxicity of the sludge-sediment mixtures is
attributed primarily to chemical contamination rather
than organic enrichment. Rank correlations between
toxicity and specific chemicals were usually not statis-
tically significant, indicating that different combinations
of stresses involving multiple or unmeasured factors
were probably responsible for observed effects.
Keywords: "Sludge, "Toxicity, Exposure, Crustacea,
Sediments, Oil pollution, Greases, Stress(Physiology),
California, Oregon, Reprints, "Rhepoxynius abronius.
PB84-197169/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Microbial Aerosols: Estimated Contribution of
Combine Harvesting to an Airshed. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
B. Lighthart. 1984,6p EPA-600/J-84-020
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology 47, n2
p430-432 1984.
From plate counts of the airborne microorganisms in
the downwind dust plume of operating grass-seed
combines, the mean source concentrations were cal-
culated to be 6.4 x 10 to the 8th power and 4.7 x 10 to
the 8th power/cu m, respectively, potentially account-
ing for at least 41.9% of the bacteria and 35.1 % of the
fungi in the airshed in the Willamette Valley, Oregon.
Keywords: "Aerosols, "Microorganisms, Harvesting,
Dust, Rural area, Urban area, Farm crops, Agricultural
products, Willamette Valley, Oregon, Bacteria, Fungi,
Plumes, Reprints, "Airshed.
PB84-197177	Not available NTIS
Morphological and Morphometrlcal Changes In
Chloride Cells of the GUIs of Pimephales promelas
After Chronic Exposure to Acid Water. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
R. L. Leino, and J. H. McCormick. c1984,12p EPA-
600/J-84-021
Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Univ.-Duluth.
Pub. in Cell Tissue Research 236, p121 -1281984.
Fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, were ex-
posed for 129 days to Lake Superior water acidified
with sulfuric acid by means of a flow-through toxicant
injection system. The effects of chronic acid stress (pH
6.5, 6.0, 5.5, 5.0) on gill histology was examined. Most
of the histological effects were seen at pH 5.5 and 5.0
and were confined primarily to changes in numbers,
distribution, and morphology of chloride cells. At low
pH levels there tend to be more chloride cells in the gill
epithelium and an increased percentage of these cells
in the secondary lamellae. In contrast to normal chlo-
ride cells, chloride cells from fish exposed to low pH
frequently had apical pits while some had bulbous
apical evaginations. The occurrence of structural
changes in chloride cells during exposure to acid water
suggests that chloride cells may be involved in accli-
mation to acid stress.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Morphology, Exposure, Lake
Superior, Histology, Reprints, "Water pollution
effects(Animals), "Pimephales promelas.
PB84-197276/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
National Water Quality Inventory 1977. Report to
Congress. Rept. for 1976-77.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Oct 78,170p EPA-440/4-78/001
See also PB-279 462.
This report is based on State water quality reports to
EPA mandated under Section 305(b) of the Clean
Water Act. It includes information on the following
topics: water pollution problems from point and non-
point sources; causes and effects of pollution prob-
lems; and water pollution control programs. Appendix
A consists of a chart of pollution problems and sources
by hydrologic basin; Appendix B consists of summary
excerpts of the State Section 305(b) reports.
Keywords: *States(United States), "Water pollution,
Water pollution control, Sewage treatment, Invento-
ries, Rivers, Streams, Bacteria, Dissolved gases.
Oxygen, Concentration(Composition), Great Lakes,
Nutrients, Metals, Pesticides, Industries, Municipali-
ties, Trends, National government, "Clean Water Act
and Amendments of 1981, Eutrophication, Point
sources, Nonpoint sources.
PB84-197292/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Monitoring Integrated Energy Systems at a
Wastewater Treatment Plant in Maine,
Wright-Pierce, Topsham, ME.
D. R. Fuller, D. A. Wilke, P. L. Thomas, and A. J. Lisa.
May 84,140p EPA-600/2-84-102
Contract EPA-68-03-2587
A project was undertaken to monitor the performance
of an integrated energy system at the Wilton, Maine,
wastewater treatment plant. These systems included
active and passive solar heating, effluent heat recov-
ery, digester gas generation, air-to-air heat recovery,
and electricity generation using digester gas. To ac-
complish the monitoring, an instrumentation system
was installed and data were collected over the period
from May 1979 to'March 1981. This instrumentation
system includes solar pyranometers, hydronic BTU
computers, electrical and gas meters, a weather sta-
tion, and numerous temperature transmitters. Data for
the solar and digester systems are available in both
digital and analog forms.
Keywords: "Solar energy, "Sewage treatment, Moni-
toring, Solar heating, Systems engineering, Economic
analysis, Design, Heat recovery, Energy consumption.
PB84-197417/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Studies of Saccharin and Cyclohexylamlne In a
Coupled Microsomal Activating/Embryo Culture
System. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
K. T. Kitchin, and M. T. Ebron. 1983,7p EPA-600/J-83-
202
Pub. in Fundamentals in Chemical Toxicology, v21 n5
p537-541 1983.
Rat embryos undergoing organogenesis (day 10.5 of
pregnancy) were exposed to 1.0 mM saccharin or 0.1,
0.3, or 1.0 mM-cyclohexylamine in an in vitro metabolic
activating system, 1.0 mM-saccharin had few adverse
effects on yolk-sac growth of embryo growth or differ-
entiation. However, rat embryos cultured in vitro with
cyclohexylamlne and an adult rat hepatic microsomal
activating system showed more growth retardation
and dysmorphogenicity than embryos exposed to the
same concentrations of cyclohexylamlne alone. A con-
centration of 1.0 mM-cyclohexylamine alone reduced
yolk-sac DNA content (by 51 %), embryo DNA content
(69%) and crown-rump length (26%). in the presence
of a hepatic microsomal activating system this same
dose of cyclohexylamlne decreased yolk-sac DNA
(60%), embryo DNA (84%) and crown-rump length
(49%). The effects of the metabolic activating system
and of cyclohexylamlne were additive.
Keywords: "Microsomes, Cultures(Biology), Embryos,
Rats, Reprints, "Saccharin, "Cyclohexylamine.
PB84-19742S	Not available NTIS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Use of Water Hyacinth Aquatic Treatment Sys-
terns for Ammonia Control and Effluent Polishing.
Journal article,
Dewante and Stowell, Sacramento, CA.
J. R. Hauser. C1984, 9p EPA-600/J-84-012
Grant EPA-R-807923
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Pollution Control Federation, v56
n3 p219-225 1984.
A pilot investigation conducted at the City of Roseville,
California evaluated the use of water hyacinth aquatic
plants as a post-secondary wastewater treatment
process. These systems substantially reduced ammo-
nia concentrations during warm seasons by more than
70% in nonaerated ponds and 99% in a pond with
supplemental aeration. Total nitrogen reductions in
warm seasons were approximately 55 and 70% for the
nonaerated and aerated ponds, respectively. Effluent
BOD5 and SS levels were typically below 10 mg/l.
Winter dieback of hyacinths led to excessive organic
loading in late winter and spring and caused produc-
tion of sulfides and concomitant odors. Harvesting and
aeration were effective in minimizing or preventing
such conditions.
Keywords: 'Ammonia, "Sewage treatment, Aquatic
plants, Pilot plants, California, Lagoons(Ponds), Bio-
chemical oxygen demand, Harvesting, Disinfection,
Chlorination, Nitrogen, Reprints, 'Water hyacinths, Bi-
ological processes, Roseville(Califomia), Suspended
solids.
PB84-197433/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Decreased Body Weight in Fetal Rats After Irra-
diation With 2450-MHz (CW) Microwaves. Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.
E. Berman, and H. B. Carter. 1984,8p 600/J-84-014
Pub. in Health Physics, v46 n3 p537-542 1984.
Female Sprague-Dawley (CD) rats were exposed to
2450-MHz (CW) microwave radiation at incident power
densities of 0 or 40 mW/sq. cm. (SAR = 6.0 W/kg) for
100 min daily on the sixth through 15th day of gesta-
tion. One-time exposure to the same conditions in-
creased average colonic temperatures 2 C at the end
of irradiation in pregnant rats of similiar size. There
were 23 sham-irradiated and 24 microwave-irradiated
females. When these groups were compared on the
21st day of gestation, no significant differences were
found in pregnancy rates; in the numbers of live, dead
or total fetuses; nor in the incidences of external vis-
ceral or skeletal anomalies or variations. However,
mean fetal body weight was significantly (p=0.00008)
lower after microwave irradiation and was 9% less
than that of sham-irradiated litters.
Keywords: "Microwaves, 'Radiation effects, "Body
weight, Embryos, Exposure, Rats, Laboratory animals,
Gestation, Reprints.
PB84-197441	Not available NTIS
Disinfection of Secondary Effluent With Ozone/
UV (Ultraviolet). Journal article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
A. D. Venosa, A. C. Petrasek, D. Brown, H. L. Sparks,
and D. M. Allen. C1984,8p EPA-600/J-84-018
Pub. in Jnl. of WPCF 56, n2 p137-142 Feb 1984.
In this paper data were presented in an attempt to de-
termine whether the combination of UV light and
ozone would be sufficiently better than either disinfect-
ant alone to justify implementation of both technol-
ogies for disinfection of municipal wastewater ef-
fluents. It was shown that the amount of applied ozone
needed to achieve a fecal coliform limitation of 14/100
mL could be reduced as much as 80 percent if ultravio-
let light either preceded or followed ozone addition. Si-
multaneous application of the two disinfecting agents
resulted in a less than additive effect. This was appar-
ently due to absorption of UV by ozone and subse-
quent reduction to molecular oxygen, since a decrease
in exhaust gas ozone concentration was observed
when UV and ozone were applied in the same column.
From an economic perspective, combining UV light
and ozone in a sequential arrangement was found to
be more cost effective than either ozone or UV alone
for plant sizes greater than 38,000 cu m/d (10.0 mgd).
For plant sizes less than that, UV appears to be the
disinfectant of choice of the two disinfectant options
evaluated.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Disinfection, "Ozon-
ization, "Ultraviolet radiation, Performance evaluation,
Cost effectiveness, Oxidation, Comparison, Coliform
bacteria, Reprints, "Secondary sewage treatment.
PB84-197524	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Phytoplankton Modeling in the Embayments of
Lakes. Journal article,
Manhattan Coll., Bronx, NY. Environmental Engineer-
ing and Science Graduate Program.
J. T. Kuo, and R. V. Thomann. c1983,14p EPA-600/J-
83-206
Grant EPA-R-803680
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Engineering, v109 n6
p1311-1332 1983.
A finite-element density-homogeneous lake circulation
model is coupled to a finite-segment water quality
model for phytoplanKton modeling in the embayments
of lakes. This coupled model is applied to the Roches-
ter Embayment, Lake Ontario during the nonstratifica-
tion period and to Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron through-
out the whole year. A relationship is developed to fa-
vorably calculate large-scale dispersion and turbulent
exchange coefficients from detailed velocities calcu-
lated from the finer-scale lake circulation model
around the coarser water quality segments. The utility
and advantage of using a detailed lake circulation
model in eutrophication analysis is indicated and a
series of steady-state calculations with a circulation
model is shown to be applicable for simulation of time-
variable, seasonal phytoplankton variation in embay-
ments.
Keywords: "Phytoplankton, "Great Lakes, "Water pol-
lution, 'Lake Ontario, Mathematical models, Stratifica-
tion, Circulation, Water flow, Seasonal variations,
Drag, Wind(Meterology), Viscosity, Dispersing, Re-
prints, "Eutrophication.
PB84-197S32/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Toluene Levels in Blood and Brain of Rats as a
Function of Toluene Level in Inspired Air. Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
V. A. Benignus, K. E. Muller, J. A. Graham, and C. N.
Barton. 1984,10p EPA/600/J-82-010
Pub. in Environmental Research 33, p39-46 1984. Pre-
pared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ., Chapel
Hill.
The relationship of toluene concentration in blood and
brain to the concentration of toluene in inspired air has
not been explicitly studied. Sixty rats were exposed by
inhalation to 50, 100, 500, or 1000 ppm toluene for 3
hr. Immediately following exposure, venous blood
samples and whole brains were collected and assayed
for toluene levels. For several empirical reasons, the
natural logarithm (log) of toluene tissue levels were
predicted in a linear model from log toluene levels in
air. An additional 10 rats were exposed to 550 ppm tol-
uene for 8 hr in order to verify that the 3-hr exposure
was sufficient to produce near-asymptotic levels of tol-
uene in blood and brain. Log brain toluene concentra-
tion was significantly higher than log blood concentra-
tion by an additive constant. The ration of brain to
blood toluene level was estimated as 1.56/1. Three-
and eight-hour exposure results did not differ, thus in-
dicating that these results would hold for toluene expo-
sures of 3 hr or greater.
Keywords: "Toluene, "Toxicology, Blood, Brain, Rats,
Laboratory animals, Reprints, "Air pollution
effects(Animals).
PB84-197540/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Yield Response Curves of Crops Exposed to S02
Time Series. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
L. Male, E. Preston, and G. Neely. 1983,6p EPA-600/
J-83-205
Pub. in Atmospheric Environmental, v17 n8 p1589-
1593 1983.
Six species (alfalfa, onion, lettuce, radish, red clover,
Douglas fir) were exposed in field growth chambers to
both constant concentration and stochastic S02 time
series. Yield response curves were generated with
median concentrations ranging from 0 to 20 pphm.
Constant concentration treatments were found to un-
derestimate yield loss compared with the pollutant
time series treatments. An heuristic model of plant as-
similation of S02 is presented to explain this result.
Keywords: 'Forest trees, Growth, Exposure, Sulfur di-
oxide, Yield, Statistical data, Pollution, Reprints, Envi-
ronment protection.
PB84-197557/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comprehensive Prebiological Screen for Ecotoxi-
cologic Effects. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. W. Gillett 1983,16p EPA-600/J-83-204
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry v2
P463-476 1983.
Simple properties of chemicals-the octanol-water
partition coefficient (K sub (ow)), Henry's Law constant
(H sub c) and biodegradability half-life (t(1 /2) - provide
a means of evaluating ecotoxicologic testing require-
ments prior to direct screening using various orga-
nisms. Based on potential for exposure, arrays of prop-
erties portending ecotoxicologic concern are suggest-
ed for bioaccumulation and chronic effects, multispe-
cies-Multimedia involvement, inhalation toxicology and
abiotic atmospheric effects.
Keywords: "Chemical compounds, "Toxicology, "Haz-
ardous materials, "Environmental surveys, Ecology,
Exposure, Risk, Partition coefficient, Biodeterioration,
Henrys law, Water pollution, Air pollution, Transport
properties, Reprints, "Toxic substances, Bioaccumula-
tion, Path of pollutants.
PB84-197565	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, R. I.
International Study on 'Artemis': 21. Investiga-
tions Into Why Some Strains of 'Artemis' Are
Better Food Sources Than Others. Further Nutri-
tional Work With Larvae of the Mud Crab, 'Rhith-
ropanopeus harrlsli'. Journal article,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Dept. of Food Science
and Technology.
D. M. Johns, W. J. Berry, and S. McLean. C1981,16p
EPA-600/J- 82-069
Grant EPA-R-808954
See also PB84-139245.
Pub. in Jnl. of World Mariculture Society 12, n1 p303-
314 1981.
In a series of studies conducted by members of the
International Study on Artemia, differences in nutrition-
al quality were documented between geographical
strains of the brine shrimp Artemia. Concomitant with,
and possibly related to nutritional effectiveness are dif-
ferences in biometric traits and biochemical composi-
tion. Since these initial experiments could only hint at
causal relationships, a series of experiments were car-
ried out to further the authors understanding of cause
and effect. In one experiment the authors tried to as-
certain whether the factors responsible for poor surviv-
al in larvae fed some brine shrimp strains are cumula-
tive throughout larval development or whether there
are critical periods when larvae are more sensitive.
The results indicate that the factors contributing to
poor growth and survival are cumulative. (Copyright (c)
J. World Maricul. Soc. (1981).)
Keywords: "Larvae, "Shrimps, "Animal nutrition,
"Crabs, Survival, Growth, Feeding stuffs, Nutritive
value, Water pollution, Dieldrin, Chiorodan, Reprints,
"Rhithropanopeus harrisii, Artemia.
PB84-197573/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Teratogenic Evaluation and Fetal Deposition of
Hexabromobenzene (HBB) and Hexafluoroben-
zene (HFB) in CD-1 Mice. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.	u
K. D. Courtney, and J. E, Andrews. 1984,14p EPA-
600/ J-84-013
Pub. in Jnl. ol Environmental Science and Health B19
n1 p83-94 1984.
H8B (hexabromobenzene) and HFB (hexafluoroben-
zene) were tested for their teratogenic potential in CD-
1 mice. HBB and HFB were administered to pregnant
mice from the 6th to the 16th day of gestation by gas-
tric intubation. Neither HBB nor HFB were teratogenic
or fetotoxic at doses up to 98.6 mg HBB/kg and 65 3
mg HFB/kg. No maternal toxicity was noted. HBB con-
centration in the fetuses indicated little, if any, accumu-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
lation. No HFB was detected in the fetal or maternal
tissues 24 hours after the last dose.
Keywords: Bioassay, Mice, Laboratory animals,
Dosage, Concentration(Composition), Reprints, "Ben-
zene/hexabromo, "Benzene/hexafluoro, "Teratogen-
esis.
PB84-197581/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
In vitro Study of Embryotoxic and Dysmorpho-
genic Effects of Mercuric Chloride and Methyl-
mercury Chloride In the Rat. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
K. T. Kitchin, M. T. Ebron, and D. Svendsgaard. 1984,
9p EPA-600/J-84-015
Pub. in Fundamentals in Chemical Toxicology, v22 n1
p31 -37 1944.
Rat-embryo explants removed on day 10.5 of gesta-
tion were cultured for 48 hr in various concentrations
of HgCI2 CH3HgCI or glutathione. Dose-related dys-
morhogenesis and growth retardation occurred with in-
creasing concentrations of HgCI2 (1-10 micro M). In-
creasing concentrations of CH3HgCI (3-100 micro M)
produced a similar pattern of embryonic effects. The
rat-serum incubation medium had no detectable level
of reduced glutathione (0.02 mM) and only 0.12 mM
total sulphydryl groups. Reduced glutathione (60-300
micro M) added to the incubation medium was relative-
ly non-toxic. The addition of exogenous glutathione to
culture medium containing HgCI2 partially antagonized
the embryonic growth retardation and prevented most
of the embryolethality observed in cultures to which
only HgCI2 had been added.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Rats, Laboratory animals, In
vitro analysis, Reprints, 'Mercuric chloride, "Methyl-
mercury chloride, Dysmorphogeny, Embryotoxicity.
PB84-197599	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Age-Dependent Pulmonary Response of Rats to
Ozone Exposure. Journal article,
California Univ., Los Angeles. Center for the Health
Sciences.
N. M. Elsayed, M. G. Mustafa, and E. M. Postlethwait.
C1982,17p EPA-600/J-80-188
Grant EPA-R-806652
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health 9,
P835-848 1982.
The influence of age on 03 effects in the lung was
studied in 8 groups of Sprague-Dawley rats: 7,12, and
18 d of age (neonatal); 24, 30, and 45 d of age (infant);
and 60 and 90 d of age (adult). Lung weight, total lung
protein and DNA contents, and a series of marker
enzyme activities in lung tissue were determined. After
exposure of rats from each group to 0.8 ppm (1568 mi-
crograms/cu. m.) 03 continuously for 3 d, a biphasic
effect was noted. The biochemical parameters, ex-
pressed per lung, in 03-exposed rats relative to their
corresponding controls decreased in the 7 and 12 d
old groups, increased or remained unchanged in the
18 d old group, and increased in the 24 to 90 d old
groups. However, the increases were much greater for
60 to 90 d old rats than for 24 to 30 d old rats. The in-
crease in lung biochemical parameters is thought to
occur in response to lung injury and subsequent repair
processes, and greater increases in the lungs of older
rats suggest that they are more responsive to 03 expo-
sure than younger rats. The decrease in lung bio-
chemical parameters and increased mortality in 7 and
24 d old neonatal rats suggest that they are more sus-
ceptible to 03 stress than infant and adult rats.
Keywords: 'Ozone, "Toxicology, Rats, Exposure, Re-
sponse, Laboratory animals, Age, Reprints.
PB84-198340	Not available NTIS
Comparison of Biochemical Effects of Nitrogen
Dioxide, Ozone and Their Combination In Mouse
Lung. 1. Intermittent Exposures. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. G. Mustafa, N. M. Elsayed, F. M. von Dohlen.C. M.
Hassett, and E. M. Postlehwait. C1984,11p EPA-600/
J-84-016
Grant EPA-R-806652
Pun. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 72, p82-
90 1984. Prepared in cooperation with California Univ.,
Los Angeles, CA., and Northrop Services, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Swiss Webster mice were exposed to either 4.8 ppm
(9024 micrograms/cu.m.) nitrogen dioxide (N02), 0.45
ppm (882 micrograms/cu.m.) ozone (03), or their
combination intermittently (8 hr daily) for 7 days, and
the effects were studied in the lung by a series of phys-
ical and biochemical parameters, including lung
weight, DNA and protein contents, oxygen consump-
tion, sulfhydryl metabolism, and activities of NADPH
generating enzymes. The results show that exposure
to N02 caused relatively smaller changes than 03,
and that the effect of each gas alone under the condi-
tions of exposure was not significant for most of the
parameters tested. However, when the two gases
were combined, the exposure caused changes that
were greater and significant. Statistical analysis of the
data shows that the effects of combined exposure
were more additive, i.e., they might be synergistic. The
observations suggest that intermittent exposure to
N02 or 03 alone at the concentration used may not
cause significant alterations in lung metabolism, but
when the two gases are combined the alterations may
become significant.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Nitrogen dioxide, "Ozone,
Physiological effects, Mice, Exposure, Comparison,
Lung, Laboratory animals, Reprints.
PB84-198357/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Fate and Effects of Atrazlne in Small Aquatic Mi-
crocosms. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
D. L. Brockway, P. D. Smith, and F. E. Standi. 1984,
11 p EPA-600/J-84-022
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 32, n3 p345-353 1984.
Using continuous flow aquaria or static beakers and
mixed biota communities, the fate and effects of atra-
zine were determined and the resilience of the sys-
tems after the removal of the compound were evaluat-
ed. In addition, the response of the different test sys-
tems to the herbicide were compared. Degradation
and sorption of atrazine was low in the aquatic sys-
tems. The compound had a negative impact on pri-
mary producers at and above a concentration of 50 mi-
crograms/L and possibly below. These effects were
expressed best in oxygen production and dissolved ni-
trate in the systems. Results demonstrated that small
static systems can furnish results similar to those of
larger more complex systems, particularly for quick re-
sponse parameters.
Keywords: "Herbicides, "Water pollution, Pesticides,
Aquatic biology, Degradation, Sorption,
Concentration(Composition), Transport properties,
Reprints, "Path of pollutants, "Aatrex, "Microcosms,
Triazine/chloro-ethylamino-isopropylamino.
PB84-198407/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
EADS (Environmental Assessment Data Systems)
Gaseous Emissions Data System, 1982. Annual
rept.,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA.
J. P. Reider. May 84,35p* EPA-600/9-84-011
Contract EPA-68-02-3652
Prepared in cooperation with Midwest Research Inst.,
Kansas City, MO.
The report is the first data summary of gaseous emis-
sions sampling and analysis results compiled in EPA's
Gaseous Effluents Data System (GEDS). GEDS is a
component of a group of related computerized data
bases -- the Environmental Assessment Data Systems
(EADS) -- that describe multimedia discharges from
energy systems and industrial processes. EADS was
designed to aid researchers in environmental assess-
ment, source characterization, and control technology
development. The report summarizes data compiled
from implementation of GEDS in 1980 through 1982. It
lists sources reported in GEDS, feed materials used,
chemical analysis data on hazardous and priority pol-
lutants, and the number of samples for each source.
Keywords: "Information systems, "Air pollution con-
trol, Assessments, Sampling, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Sites, Design criteria. Sources, Inor-
ganic compounds, Organic compounds, Radioactive
contaminants, Bioassay, Hazardous materials, 'Gase-
ous Effluents Data System, "Air pollution sampling,
Environmental Assessments Data Systems.
PB84-198423/HSU	PC A23/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Storm Water Management Model User's Manual,
Version 3. Rept. for May 75-Nov 81,
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Environmental Engi-
neering Sciences.
W. C. Huber, J. P. Heaney, S. J. Nix, R. E. Dickinson,
and D. J. Polmann. Jun 84, 532p EPA-600/2-84-109A
Grant EPA-R-805664
See also PB84-198431.
The EPA Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) is
a comprehensive mathematical model for simulation of
urban runoff quantity and quality in storm and com-
bined sewer systems. All aspects of the urban hydro-
logic and quality cycles are simulated, including sur-
face runoff, transport through the drainage network,
storage and treatment, and receiving water effects.
This volume applies to Version III of SWMM and is an
update of two earlier User's Manuals issued in 1971
and 1975.
Keywords: "Storm sewers, "Combined sewers,
"Runoff, "Water pollution, "Urban areas, Mathemati-
cal models, Drainage, Water storage, Stream flow,
Sewage treatment. Cost analysis, Manuals, Snowmen,
Droughts, Temperature, Mixing, Heat transfer, Evapo-
ration, Settling, Particle size. Biochemical oxygen
demand, "Storm water runoff, Urban hydrology,
"SWMM model.
PB84-198431/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Storm Water Management Model User's Manual,
Version 3. Addendum 1: EXTRAN (Extended
Transport). Final rept. Feb 79-Aug 81,
Camp, Dresser and McKee, Inc., Annandale, VA.
L. A. Roesner, R. P. Shubinski, and J. A. Aldrich. Jun
84, 241 p EPA-600/2-84-109B
Grant EPA-R-805664
See also PB84-198423.
This report contains the documentation and user's
manual for the Extended Transport (EXTRAN) Block of
the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM).
EXTRAN is a dynamic flow routing model used to com-
pute backwater profiles in open channel and/or closed
conduit systems experiencing unsteady flow. It repre-
sents the drainage system as links and nodes, allowing
parallel or looped pipe networks; weirs, orifices, and
pumps; and system surcharges to be simulated.
EXTRAN is used most efficiently if it is only applied to
those parts of the drainage system which cannot be
simulated accurately by simpler, less costly models.
The EXTRAN manual is designed to give the user
complete information on executing of the model both
as a block of the SWMM package and as an independ-
ent model. Formulation of the input data is discussed
in detail and demonstrated by seven example prob-
lems. Typical computer output is also discussed. Prob-
lem areas which the user may confront are described,
as well as the theory on which the EXTRAN model
rests. The manual concludes with a comprehensive
discussion of the EXTRAN code.
Keywords: 'Water quality, "Mathematical models,
"Water pollution, 'Combined sewers, "Storm sewers,
"Manuals, Computer programs, Flow measurement,
Hydraulic equipment, Flow distribution, 'Water man-
agement, Storm water drainage, Computer applica-
tions.
PB84-198449/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Geophysical Techniques for Sensing Buried
Wastes and Waste Migration,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
R. C. Benson, R. A. Glaccum, and M. R. Noel. Jun 84,
255p EPA-600/7-84-064
Contract EPA-68-03-3050
Prepared in cooperation with TECHNOS, Inc., Miami,
FL.
Descriptions of the use of six geophysical techniques
are presented to provide a broad understanding of the
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
application of these techniques for sensing buried
wastes and waste migration. Technical language and
jargon are avoided as much as possible so that those
with limited technical background can acquire a gener-
al understanding of current techniques and sufficient
background to define project requirements, select pro-
fessional support, and monitor and direct field pro-
grams.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste dispos-
al, Transport properties, Ground water, Hydrology,
Sites, Field tests, Radar detection, Electromagnetic
testing, Seismic refraction, Magnetometers, Magnetic
detection, Metal detectors.
PB84-198621/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Soli Sampling Quality Assurance User's Guide,
Nevada Univ., Las Vegas.
D. S. Barth, and B. J. Mason. May 84,113p EPA-600/
4-84-043
Grant EPA-R-810550
The inherent inseparability of a cost-effective Soil
Sampling Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC)
Plan from the objectives of a soil monitoring program is
emphasized. Required precisions and confidence
levels for the data cannot be defined until the deci-
sions which will be made on the basis of the data are
clearly stated and the consequences of making Type I
(false positive) or Type II (false negative) errors are
weighed. Statistical considerations are presented with
special attention to analyses of variance of soil moni-
toring data, methods of calculating required numbers
of soil samples to achieve desired precisions and con-
fidence levels, possible applications of Kriging, and as-
signment of control limits to QA/QC data. The value of
an exploratory or preliminary study to the cost-effec-
tive achievement of both the soil monitoring objectives
and the objectives of the Soil Sampling QA/QC Plan is
strongly emphasized. The value of developing a hypo-
thetical model to estimate the distribution in space and
time of soil pollutants and thus to assist in the design
of the monitoring network is discussed. Methods for
determination of the number and locations of soil sam-
pling sites; sample collection methods and procedures
to include frequency of sampling; sample handling to
include labeling, preservation, preparation for analysis,
and transport; together with QA/QC aspects are pre-
sented and discussed. Finally, the importance of sys-
tems audits and training to the achievement of soil
sampling QA/QC objectives is presented and dis-
cussed.
Keywords: 'Soil analysis, 'Quality assurance, 'Quality
control, 'Environmental surveys, Sampling, Sites,
Transport properties, Cost effectiveness, Hazardous
materials, Solid waste disposal, Isotopic labeling.
Physical properties, Chemical properties, Auditing,
Personnel development, 'Land pollution.
PB84-198639/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
Geothermal Environmental Impact Assessment:
An Approach to Groundwater Impacts from De-
velopment, Conversion, and Waste Disposal,
Nevada Univ. System, Las Vegas. Water Resources
Center.
J. W. Hess, S. W. Wheatcraft, J. E. Edkins, R. L.
Jacobson, and D. E. Zimmerman. Jun 84,291 p* EPA-
600/4-84-046
Grant EPA-R-806457
Groundwater monitoring for the impacts of geothermal
energy development, conversion and waste disposal is
similar to groundwater monitoring for other purposes
except that additional information is needed concern-
ing the geothermal reservoir. The research described
here developed a six-step methodology including fail-
ure analysis and computer-based contaminant trans-
port and geochemical models to design groundwater
monitoring plans. Failure data analyses indicate that
production and injection wells have the highest proba-
bility of failure and should be the focal points for
groundwater monitoring. Groundwater monitoring
techniques fall into four categories: (1) monitoring the
injection/production well, (2) monitoring in the saturat-
ed zone, (3) monitoring in the unsaturated zone, and
(4) monitoring on or above the ground surface. Loca-
tion of the monitoring wells and what to measure in
them may be determined with the aid of computer con-
taminant transport and geochemical models. POL-
152 Vol. 90, No. 24
LUTE is a nondispersing contaminant transport
groundwater computer model that enables the user to
locate a contaminant plume at a given time. Prediction
of resultant fluid chemistries from a leaked geothermal
fluid may be essential to unambiguous evaluation of
geothermal fluid impact at remote groundwater moni-
toring sites.
Keywords: "Geothermy, 'Ground water, 'Water pollu-
tion, 'Environmental impacts, Transport properties,
Mathematical models, Injection wells, Sites, Leakage,
Chemical analysis, Computer programs, Geohydro-
logy, Solid waste disposal, Regulations, Methodology,
Geochemistry, Water analysis, 'Geothermal re-
sources, 'Geothermal systems, 'Water pollution sam-
pling, Monitoring.
PB84-198647/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Canmaking Sub-
category of the Coll Coating Point Source Cate-
gory. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
M. L. Belefski, and E. P. Hall. Apr 84,401 p EPA-440/1 -
83/071
Prepared in cooperation with Sverdrup and Parcel and
Associates, Inc., St. Louis, MO., United Technologies
Corp., Windsor Locks, CT. Hamilton Standard Div., and
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
This document provides the technical documentation
for promulgation effluent limitations and standards for
the canmaking industry. The regulation covers those
facilities involved in washing cans, particularly seam-
less two-piece cans. Effluent limitations are based on
best practicable technology (BPT) and best available
technology (BAT) for existing direct dischargers. Pre-
treatment standards for existing source (PSES) are
based on best available technology. Best demonstrat-
ed technology is the based for new source perform-
ance standards (NSPS) for direct dischargers and pre-
treatment standards for new sources (PSNS) for indi-
rect dischargers.
Keywords: 'Cans, "Water pollution control, 'Guide-
lines, 'Standards, 'Metal coatings, Economic analy-
sis, Industrial waste treatment, Cost analysis, Perform-
ance evaluation, Process charting, 'Point sources,
New source performance standards,
Pretreatment(Water), Best technology.
PB84-198654/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Quality Assurance in Inspection/Maintenance
Programs. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
J. M. Cabaniss, Jr. Apr 84,13p EPA-AA-IMG-84-2
This report discusses the various aspects of using
quality assurance (QA) as a form of management con-
trol. The use of QA when undertaken by the states can
determine if Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) pro-
grams are operating as intended and whether overall
program objectives are being achieved.
Keywords: 'Quality assurance, 'Air pollution control,
'Inspection, 'Maintenance, State government, Ex-
haust emissions, Quality control, Motor vehicles, 'Air
quality, 'Air pollution abatement.
PB84-198738/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Review of New Source Performance Standards
for Secondary Brass and Bronze Plants.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
May 84,53p EPA-450/3-84-009
This report presents the findings of the second 4-year
review of the new source performance standard for
secondary brass and bronze production plants. Infor-
mation is presented concerning industry growth, con-
trol technology, compliance status, and tne costs as-
sociated with compliance.
Keywords: 'Metal industry, "Brasses, 'Bronzes, 'Air
pollution control, Standards, Reviews, Particles, Indus-
trial wastes, Combustion products, Cost analysis, Reg-
ulations, "New Source Performance Standards.
PB84-198746/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
National Air Quality and Emission Trends Report
1982,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
W. F. Hunt, Jr., T. C. Curran, R. B. Faoro, N. H. Frank,
and C. Mann. Mar 84,141 p* EPA-450/4-84-002
This report presents national and regional trends in air
quality from 1975 through 1982 for total suspended
particulate, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen
dioxide, ozone and lead. Both national and regional
trends in each of the major pollutants are examined
and, where appropriate, specific Statewide air quality
trends. Air quality trends are also presented for both
the National Air Monitoring Sites (NAMS) and other
site categories. In addition to ambient air quality,
trends are also presented for annual nationwide emis-
sions. These emissions are estimated using the best
available engineering calculations; the ambient levels
presented are averages of direct measurements. This
report also includes a section, Air Quality Levels in
Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA's). Its
purpose is to provide interested members of the air
pollution control community, the private sector and the
general public with greatly simplified air pollution infor-
mation. Air quality statistics are presented for each of
the pollutants for all SMSA's with populations exceed-
ing 500,000 for the years 1980, 1981 and 1982.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Trends, National govern-
ment, Sites, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen dioxide,
Ozone, Sulfur dioxide, Standards, Statistical analysis,
Graphs(Charts), "Air quality, "Air pollution sampling,
Total suspended particulates.
PB84-198910/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Guideline for Using the Carbon-Bond Mechanism
in City-Specific EKMA (Empirical Kinetics Model-
ing Approach),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
G. L. Gipson. Feb 84,154p EPA-450/4-84-005
The document describes how to use the Carbon Bond
3 (CB-3) chemical mechanism in the city-specific
EKMA model as a means for estimating emission con-
trol requirements needed to demonstrate attainment
of the ozone NAAQS. Topics addressed include (a) an
overview of the CB-3 mechanism, (b) procedures for
applying the CB-3/EKMA model, and (c) special com-
puter considerations to be taken into account when
using CB-3 with city-specific EKMA.
Keywords: "Guidelines, "Ozone, "Chemical bonds,
"Air pollution, "Mathematical models, Photochemical
reactions, Forecasting, Transport properties,
Concentration(Composition), Nitrogen oxides, Com-
parison, Field tests, Nomographs, "EKMA models,
"Chemical reaction mechanisms, "Atmospheric chem-
istry, Procedures, Natural emissions, Volatile organic
compounds, Numerical solution, National ambient air
quality standard, Ozone isopleth plotting package.
PB84-198936/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Macrolnvertebrate Inventories of the White River,
Colorado and Utah: Significance of Annual, Sea-
sonal, and Spatial Variation In the Design of Bio-
monitoring Networks for Pollution Detection,
Nevada Univ., Las Vegas. Dept. of Biological Sci-
ences.
C. E. Hornig. Jun 84,159p EPA-600/7-84-063
Grant EPA-R-808529
An aquatic macroinvertebrate monitoring program is
suggested for 'early warning' detection of toxic dis-
charges to streams in oil shale development areas.
Changes in stream biota are used to signal need for in-
creasing levels of chemical analyses to identify and
quantify toxic pollutants. This study compiles inverte-
brate data taken during three seasons (spring, summer
and fall) and over five years (1976 to 1980) from riffles
along the White River in Colorado and Utah. Spatial
and temporal variations In the biota are described
along with their implications for the development of a
monitoring system that incorporates such comparative
surveys. In addition, the data provide benthic biological
information that is generally comparable to previous
studies on the White River and which can be used to
expand the biological monitoring data base prior to
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Oil shale, "Invertebrates, "Toxicity,
"Water pollution, "White River, Surface mining, Moni-
toring, Seasonal variations, Fresh water biology, Dip-
tera, Worms, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Tables(Data),
Colorado, Utah, Riffles.
PB84-198944/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Response of 'Carex'-Dominated Wetlands to Al-
tered Temperature and Flooding Patterns: Wis-
consin Power Plant Impact Study,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Dept. of Electrical and Com-
puter Engineering.
B. L. Bedford, and 0. Loucks. Sep 83,149p EPA-600/
3-83-081
Grant EPA-R-803971
Prepared in cooperation with Madison Gas and Elec-
tric Co., Wl„ Wisconsin Public Service Corp., Green
Bay, Wisconsin Public Service Commission, Madison,
and Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources, Madison.
This report presents the 1974 to 1977 results of a
study undertaken on the site of the Columbia Electric
Generating Station to determine the effects of leakage
from the cooling lake on wetland vegetation. Results
showed that changes in water levels and water tem-
peratures caused by seepage from the cooling lake led
to significant changes in wetland plant populations and
communities within 1 yr after the Columbia Station
began operation. Dominant perennial rhizomatous
species of Carex decreased in density and distribution,
hydrophytic species increased, and annual species in-
creased markedly. A predominant trend of decreasing
species diversity and richness was observed from
1974 to 1977. However, no uniform relationship was
observed between diversity and intensity of disturb-
ance-neither species richness nor distribution of their
abundances.
Keywords: 'Cooling water, "Swamps, "Electric power
plants, "Ecology, "Water pollution, Leakage,
Density(Mass/volume), Trends, Distribution(Property),
Seepage, Recommendations, Wisconsin, "Carex, Wis-
consin, Water levels. Species diversity, Columbia Elec-
tric Generating Station.
PB84-169033/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Control of Wood Stove Emissions Using Im-
proved Secondary Combustion. Final rept. Mar 81-
Oct 82,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
J. M. Allen, and W. H. Plispanen. May 84,49p EPA-
600/7-84-061
Contract EPA-68-02-3169
The report gives results of the operation of two wood
stoves in the laboratory with simultaneous on-line
chemical analysis of the gases entering the secondary
combustion zone and those leaving the stove. (NOTE:
Self-initiating secondary combustion in wood stoves is
encouraged by designs that introduce additional
heated air and turbulence to the primary combustion
products. This can be very effective in reducing CO
and hydrocarbon emissions at high burning rates. At
low burning rates, the effectiveness is limited by low
temperatures, inadequate mixing, and thermal quench-
ing by the primary air which bypasses the wood.) Stove
modifications providing increased temperatures and
improved mixing in the secondary combustion zone in
a small box stove resulted in minor improvements in
secondary burning. The continued burning of CO in the
secondary zone was not greatly affected. In a large
side-draft stove, with effective secondary burning at
high burning rates, the secondary burning at low rates
was not effective at any air flow distribution available to
the operator.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Stoves, "Residential
buildings, Combustion products, Design criteria, Per-
formance evaluation, Revisions, Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide, Heating systems, "Wood stoves.
PB84-199371/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of the Efficiency of Industrial Flares:
Test Results. Final rept. Oct 80-Feb 84,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
J. H. Pohl, R. Payne, and J. Lee. May 84,194p* EPA-
600/2-84-095
Contract EPA-68-02-3681
See also PB83-263723.
The report gives results of Phases 3 and 4 of a four-
phase research program to quantify emissions from,
and efficiencies of, industrial flares. Phase 1 consisted
of the experimental design; Phase 2, the design of the
test facilities; Phase 3, development of the test facili-
ties; and Phase 4, data collection and analysis. The
combustion efficiency of large pilot-scale flares was
measured. The flame structure and combustion effi-
ciencies were correlated with operating conditions of
the flare, the size of the flare head, and properties of
the flared gases. The combustion efficiency was corre-
lated with the ratio of heating value of the gas flared to
the heating value required to maintain a stable flame,
and was independent of the flame head size. In turn,
the heating value required to maintain a stable flame
was correlated with the reciprocal of an estimated
flame temperature based on properties of the flared
gas. The length of the flame, entrainment into the
flame, and liftoff distances were also correlated, using
combinations of the Richardson Number, jet theory,
and properties of the flared gas.
Keywords: "Flares, "Industrial wastes, "Waste dispos-
al, "Air pollution control, Combustion products, Per-
formance evaluation, Tests, Methodology, Combus-
tion efficiency, Surveys, Sampling, "Industrial flares,
Flaring.
PB84-199397/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Draft Criteria Document for Benzene. Technical
rept.
Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH.
Feb 84,130p
Contract EPA-68-02-3659
This document summarizes the health effects of Ben-
zene. Topics include: General Information and Proper-
ties; Human Exposure; Pharmacokinetics; Health Ef-
fects in Animals and Humans; Mechanisms of Toxicity;
Risk Assessment and Quantification of Toxicological
Effects.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Public health, "Water pollu-
tion, "Environmental surveys, Potable water, Animals,
Risk, Exposure, Industrial hygiene,
Concentration(Composition), Foods, Chemical proper-
ties, Physical properties, Metabolism, Mutagens,
Humans, Sources, Epidemiology, Assessments, Indus-
trial wastes, Air pollution, "Benzene, "Water pollution
effects(Humans), "Water pollution effects(Animals),
"Occupational safety and health, Volatile organic com-
pounds, Pharmacokinetics, Cancer, Liquid waste dis-
posal.
PB84-199512/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Draft Criteria Document for Tetrachloroethylene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Feb 84,182p
This document summarizes the health effects of Te-
trachloroethylene. Topics include: General Information
and Properties; Human Exposure; Pharmacokinetics;
Health Effects in Animals and Humans; Mechanisms
of Toxicity; Risk Assessment and Quantification of
Toxicological Effects.
Keywords: 'Tetrachloroethylene, "Public health,
"Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, Water pollution,
Chlorine organic compounds, Animals, Humans, Risk,
Exposure, Dosage, Air pollution, Degreasing, Dry
cleaning, Mutagens, Assessments, Potable water,
Chemical properties, Physical properties, Foods, Sol-
vents, Laboratory animals, "Occupational safety and
health, Pharmacokinetics.
PB84-19B520/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Draft Criteria Document for 1,1,1-Trichloroethane.
Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Feb 84,168p
This document summarizes the health effects of
1,1,1,-trichloroethane. Topics include: General Infor-
mation and Properties; Human Exposure; Pharmaco-
kinetics; Health Effects in Animals and Humans; Mech-
anisms of Toxicity; Risk Assessment and Quantifica-
tion of Toxicological Effects.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Public health, "Environmen-
tal impacts, "Industrial hygiene, Potable water, Expo-
sure, Risk, Assessments, Humans, Metabolism, Muta-
gens, Standards, Concentration(Composition), Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Foods, Water pollution, In
vitro analysis. Solvents, Laboratory animals, Chemical
properties, Physical properties, Absorption, Air pollu-
tion, Bioassay, "Ethane/trichloro, Occupational safety
and health, Air pollution effects(Animals), Air pollution
effects(Humans), Volatile organic compounds, Phar-
macokinetics, Biotransformation, Chloroform/methyl,
Threshold limit values, Path of pollutants.
PB84-199538/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Draft Criteria Document for Vinyl Chloride.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Feb 84,109p
See also PB84-199546.
This document summarizes the health effects of Vinyl
Chloride. Topics include: General Information and
Properties; Human Exposure; Pharmacokinetics;
Health Effects in Animals and Humans; Mechanisms
of Toxicity; Risk Assessment and Quantification of
Toxicological Effects.
Keywords: "Vinyl chloride, "Public health, "Environ-
mental surveys, "Toxicology, Water pollution, Chemi-
cal properties, Physical properties, Exposure, Animals,
Humans, Metabolism, Risk, Laboratory animals. Air
pollution, Chemical industry, Assessments, Chlorine
organic compounds, Potable water, Vinyl chloride
resins, Dosage, Risk, "Occupational safety and health,
Indoor air pollution, Pharmacokinetics, Volatile organic
compounds, Cancer, Biotransformation.
PB84-199546/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Draft Criteria Document for Dichloroethylenes
(1,1-Dlchloroethylene)(Cls-1,2-
DlchloroethylaneXTrans-l,2-Dlchloroethylene).
Technical rept.
Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH.
Feb 84,156p
Contract EPA-68-02-3659
This document summarizes the health effects of Dich-
loroethylenes. Topics include: General Information
and Properties; Human Exposure; Pharmacokinetics;
Health Effects in Animals and Humans; Mechanisms
of Toxicity; Risk Assessment and Quantification of
Toxicological Effects.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Public health, "Environmen-
tal surveys, Chlorine organic compounds, Laboratory
animals, Packaging materials, Exposure, Dosage, Me-
tabolism, Risk, Assessment, Mutagens, Potable water,
"Ethylene/dichloro, "Volatile organic compounds.
PB84-199553/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Simple Transmission Network Planning Method:
Wisconsin Power Plant Impact Study,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Dept. of Electrical and Com-
puter Engineering.
F. Albuyeh, and X J. Skiles. Jul 83,170p EPA-600/3-
83-061
Grant EPA-R-B03971
Prepared in cooperation with Madison Gas and Elec-
tric Co., Wl„ Wisconsin Public Service Corp., Green
Bay, Wisconsin Public Service Commission, Madison,
and Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources,
Madison.Portions of this document are not fully legible.
In the process of evaluation and comparison of the
proposed alternative power generation sites, the trans-
mission network required to carry power effectively
and reliably from the plant to the load centers requires
careful consideration. The existing transmission net-
work must be reinforced to accommodate these gen-
eration expansion plans and then should further be ex-
panded as the load level increases. Therefore, a need
exists for a transmission network expansion algorithm
to provide a transmission network expansion plan over
several planning periods for a given load and genera-
tion profile. The transmission network planning
method developed here uses the same logical steps
followed in practice by utility planning engineers and
uses sensitivity matrices to supplement the experience
of the planning engineers. The network is modeled
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
either by a DC power flow model or by a Fast-Decou-
pled AC power flow model. To every branch a cost
factor Is associated which reflects capital costs and
operational cost of the branch. Also included in the
cost factor, is an environmental cost associated with
increasing the capacity of the branch. The environ-
mental cost in turn may include such factors as politi-
cal and geographical constraints. To enable the plan-
ner to concentrate on a small area of interest, or to
reduce the system size, a classical network reduction
algorithm is utilized to model the external system by
simple equivalents.
Keywords: 'Electric power transmission, "Power
transmission lines, Mathematical models, Electric
power plants, Computer programs, Network analysis
theory, Cost analysis.
PB84-199561/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Design Information on Rotating Biological Con-
tactors,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Div.
R. C. Brenner, J. A. Heidman, E. J. Opatken, and A. C.
Petrasek, Jr. Jun84,194p EPA-600/2-84-106
The relatively rapid introduction of rotating biological
contactors (RBC's) into the United States for municipal
wastewater treatment has resulted in the widespread
application of a technology with which many design
engineers are not intimately familiar. Of necessity,
many RBC designs initially were based solely on pro-
prietary-generated empirical design methodology.
More recently, as interest in the process has in-
creased, more complex, deterministic design ap-
proaches have begun to appear in the technical litera-
ture. The purpose of this document is to review and
assess existing RBC design procedures and provide
more in-depth design information on critical features of
the RBC process and key parameters affecting its op-
eration and performance than is typically available to
the design engineering community. The information
contained in this document is intended to supplement
and qualify that available from RBC manufacturers and
in the published literature. Topics addressed include
process and design considerations for carbonaceous
removal, nitrification, and denitrification; equipment re-
liability and service life; power requirements for air and
mechanical drive RBC units; and general system
design considerations involving structural, hydraulic,
and operational flexibility. A major priority in the prepa-
ration of the document was given to emphasizing prac-
tical, usable design information as well as important
theoretical concepts.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Industrial waste treat-
ment, "Water pollution control. Design criteria, Nitrifi-
cation, Denitrification, Performance evaluation, Haz-
ardous materials, Field tests, "Rotating biological con-
tactors.
PB84-199579/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Synthetic Resin Adsorbents in Treatment of In-
dustrial Waste Streams. Final rept. 1 Jun 80-31 May
82,
Rohm and Haas Co., Spring House, PA.
L. S. Benner. C1983,144p* EPA-600/2-84-105
Grant EPA-R-807315
The use of synthetic polymeric adsorbents for removal
of organic pollutants from industrial waste streams is a
viable alternative to more common treatment methods
such as carbon adsorption. However, resin technology
Is not widely practiced due to the difficulty of selecting
the appropriate synthetic adsorbent/regenerant com-
bination for a particular application. This research pro-
gram was undertaken to develop a simple, reliable lab-
oratory test to assess the feasibility of using synthetic
resin adsorbents for treatment of a given waste water
stream. The new test method facilitates rapid screen-
ing of a large number of adsorbent/regenerant pairs.
The test consists of exposing small bags of adsorb-
ents in the actual waste stream for predetermined peri-
ods of time, followed by regenerating the exposed ad-
sorbents. The batch portion of the test measures re-
generated saturation capacity of any adsorbent/re-
generant pair with a single analysis. The rate portion
measures regenerated capacity as a function of time.
Capacity data obtained by the test method were com-
pared and correlated with data obtained by conven-
tional isotherm tests and column experiments. In gen-
eral, the batch test performs better than the isotherm
154 Vol. 90, No. 24
test in predicting column saturation capacity of poly-
meric adsorbents.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Adsorbents,
"Synthetic resins, "Organic compounds,
"Regeneration(Engineering), Industrial waste treat-
ment, Substitutes, Assessments, Performance evalua-
tion, Nitrogen organic compounds, Chlorine organic
compounds, Organic solvents. Methyl alcohol, Isoth-
erms, Toluene, Nitrobenzenes, Acetone, "Waste recy-
cling, Amberlite, Ambersorb, Diaion, Filtrasorb,
Phenol/nitro, Toluene/dinitro, Ethylene/tetrachloro,
Propane/dichloro.
PB84-199587/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Classification/Needs Assessment of Illinois Lakes
for Protection, Restoration, and Management.
Summary rept. (Final),
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
D. F. Setton, and J. R. Little. Feb 84,65p IEPA/WPC-
005
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
A classification system was developed to initially
screen and evaluate Illinois lakes for possible Clean
Lakes Program funding and for development and im-
plementation of lake/watershed protection and man-
agement plans. Two hundred fifty-seven significant
inland lakes were surveyed and evaluated in three
major categories: (1) current water quality, (2) potential
water quality, and (3) public benefits. An overall classi-
fication/needs assessment rating was obtained for
each lake by summing the points received in the three
evaluation categories. The higher the total rating on a
scale of 40-350, the better candidate the lake is for
Clean Lakes Program funding or implementation of
protection, restoration, and management measures.
Keywords: "Protection, "Lakes, Classifications, As-
sessments, Management, Illinois, "Clean Lakes Pro-
gram.
PB84-199660/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Investigations into the Emissions Effects of Vehi-
cle Misfueling,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
spection and Maintenance Group.
J. A. Armstrong. 2 Apr 84,24p EPA/AA/IMG-84/3
Presented at the Tenth North American Motor Vehicle
Emission Control Conference at New York, New York
on April 2,1984.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is cur-
rently investigating the amount and the frequency of
misfueling and its effect on motor vehicle exhaust
emissions. This report summarizes four different pro-
grams, three of which have been completed and one
which is still under way. Included in this report are the
effects of tampering on exhaust emissions and on
emission control components, the comparison be-
tween low and high altitude, the effects of continous
misfueling and the frequency of misfueling.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Exhaust emissions, Inspec-
tion, Maintenance, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides,
Carbon monoxide, Comparison, "Misfueling, Catalytic
reactors(Exhaust systems).
PB84-19967B/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
1981 Buffalo, New York Area Sediment Survey
(BASS). Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
D. C. Rockwell, R. t. Claff, and D. W. Kuehl. Apr 84,
184p EPA-905/3-84-O01
The purpose of this report is to present the analytical
results of the organic and inorganic findings from 103
sediment survey sites. The Buffalo New York area
contained within the survey is a heavily contaminated
area. Almost all of the 66 sites analyzed contained
sediments which exceeded USEPA-Region V classifi-
cation of heavily polluted for conventional contami-
nants and/or metals. Insufficient benthic living orga-
nisms were found in any of the sediments collected to
permit analysis for contaminants.
Keywords: "Sediments, "Toxicity, "Water pollution,
"Niagara River, Pesticides, Carcinogens, Surveys,
Benthos, Classifications, Cycloalkane hydrocarbons,
Chlorobenzenes, Pyrenes, Acenaphthylenes, Phenols,
Benzene, Chlorohydrocarbons, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Toluene, Tables(Data).
PB84-199744/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors,
Third Edition, Supplement No. 15 (Including Sup-
plements 1-7).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Jan 84, 82p AP-42-SUPPL-15
See also PB83-250720.
In this Supplement for AP-42, new, revised or refor-
matted emissions data are presented for Stationary
Large Bore and Dual Fuel Engines; General Industrial
Surface Coating; Can Coating; Magnet Wire Coating;
Other Metal Coating; Flat Wood Interior Panel Coating;
Fabric Coating; Tank and Drum Cleaning; Fish Proc-
essing; Ammonium Nitrate; Urea; Primary Aluminum
Production; Primary Copper Smelting; Asphaltic Con-
crete Plants; Calcium Carbide Manufacturing; and Ag-
ricultural Tilling.
Keywords: "Air pollution, Exhaust emissions, Coatings,
Aluminum industry, Concrete, Cultivation, Industrial
wastes, Fisheries, Smelting, Calcium carbide. Agricul-
tural products, Combustion products, "Emission fac-
tors, "Stationary sources, Copper smelters.
PB84-199785/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research TPiangle
Park, NC.
Epidemiological Study of the Incidence of Cancer
as Related to Industrial Emissions in Contra
Costa County, California. Final rept. Sep 78-Dec 82.
California Dept. of Health Services, Emeryville. Re-
source for Cancer Epidemiology Section.
D. F. Austin, V. E. Nelson, B. E. Swain, and L. F.
Johnson. Jun 84, 79p EPA-600/1-84-008
Grant EPA-R-806396
The purpose of this study was to examine the relation-
ship of lung cancer incidence in Contra Costa County
to ambient levels of air pollution. It was suspected that
the presence of heavy industry in the county, mainly
petrochemical plants and oil refineries, could be a con-
tributing factor. Initially, an incidence analysis estab-
lished that the Industrial portion of the county had an
excess of lung cancer as compared to the remaining
Non-industrial portion. Air pollution patterns were sub-
sequently determined by five permanent air monitoring
stations and ten temporary stations which monitored
the levels of 12 air pollutants for a period of one year.
By correlating the 1970-79 lung cancer rates for each
census tract and tract levels of air pollution constitu-
ents, a statistically significant relationship between
ambient air S04 and lung cancer in males, but not in
females, was found. However, when adjusted for the
percent of the working population categorized as blue
collar, the association was eliminated. An interview
study of 249 cases and 373 controls was then con-
ducted. Demographic, work history, residential history,
dietary, and smoking history questions comprised the
bulk of the data collected. Analysis indicated that the
major contribution to lung cancer in the county was
due to cigarette smoking. No significant association
between lung cancer risk and measured constituents
of air pollution was found. Of five broad occupational
categories (indicating possible hazardous exposures)
none had any significant relationship to lung cancer.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Public health, "Industrial
medicine, Malignant neoplasms. Industrial wastes, Ep-
idemiology, Sampling, Exposure, Hazardous materials,
Sulfur	oxides,	Smoking,	Risk'
Concentration(Composition), "Occupational safety
and health, "Lung cancer, "Air pollution sampling
"Toxic substances, Cancer.
PB84-199793/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
In situ Field Portable Fine Particle Measuring
Device. Final rept. Sep 77-Aug 79,
Particle Measuring Systems, Inc., Boulder, CO.
R. G. Knollenberg. May 84, 228p EPA-600/2-84-096
Contract EPA-68-02-2668
The report describes the design, development, and
testing of an in situ fine particle measuring device-the
Fine Particle Stack Spectrometer System (FPSSS) It
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ward light scattering. Sample volume is established by
a high-resolution optical system that views particle
images in a dark field through a masked beam splitter.
The FPSSS covers an 0.5 to 11.0 micrometer size
range with 60-channel resolution. Absolute theoretical
accuracy is + or - 20% of size for completely unknown
refractive index. The FPSSS is designed to operate
continuously at in-stack temperatures up to 250C at
flow velocities up to 30 m/sec. It has been laboratory
characterized and field tested on coal-fired power
plants at both the inlets and outlets of control devices.
Its performance indicates good agreement with impac-
tors and excellent agreement with opacity meters in
computed mass loading and optical opacity. Its size
resolution is greater than other currently known tech-
niques. Its eventual use will be directed at characteriz-
ing particulate emissions of stacks or other stationary
sources and qualitatively evaluating the performance
and collection efficiencies of particulate control de-
vices now in operation.
Keywords: "Fines, 'Spectrometers, 'Air pollution con-
trol equipment, "Monitors, Particles, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, Light scattering, Chimneys,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Field tests,
Optical equipment, "Fine particle stack spectrometer
systems, "Air pollution detection, Laser spectroscopy,
Stationary sources.
PB84-199850/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Acute Toxicity of Eight Laboratory-Prepared Ge-
neric Drilling Fluid* to Mysids (Mysidopsls bahia),
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
T. W. Duke, P. R. Parrish, R. M. Montgomery, S. D.
Macauley, and J. M. Macauley. Jun 84,37p EPA-600/
3-84-067
Acute toxicity tests were conducted during August-
September 1983 with eight laboratory-prepared gener-
ic drilling fluids (also called muds) and mysids (Mysi-
dopsis bahia) at the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency's Environmental Research Laboratory, Gulf
Breeze, Florida. Two of the drilling fluids were tested at
the Environmental Research Laboratory, Narragan-
sett, Flhode Island, to confirm the validity of the tests
conducted at Gulf Breeze. The test material was the
suspended particulate phase (SPP) of each drilling
fluid. The SPP was prepared by mixing volumetrically 1
part drilling fluid with 9 parts seawater and allowing the
resulting slurry to settle for one hour. The material that
remained in suspension was the SPP. Toxicity of the
SPP of the drilling fluids ranged from a 96-hour LC50
(the concentration lethal to 50% of the test animals
after 96 hours of exposure) of 2.7% for a KCI polymer
mud to 65.4% for a lightly treated lignosulfonate mud.
No median effect (50% mortality) was observed in
three drilling fluids - a non-dispersed mud, a spud
mud, and a seawater-freshwater gel mud.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Drilling fluids, Validity, Lethal
concentration, "Mysidopsis bahia, "Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB84-199868/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Application of the Dual Alkali Process at a 280
MW Coal-Fired Power Plant. Rept. for Mar 79-May
81,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
N. Kaplan. Jun 84, 36p EPA/600/D-84/145
The paper gives results of applying the dual alkali (D/
A) flue gas resulfurization (FGD) process to a 280-MW
coal-fired power plant. (NOTE: D/A is a generic term
applied to FGD systems that use soluble alkali to
absorb S02 and then react the spent scrubber solution
with lime and/or limestone to regenerate the alkali and
produce a waste calcium-sulfur salt for disposal. Fea-
tures that distinguish D/A from conventional direct
lime and limestone scrubbing include: (1) use of a clear
solution, rather than a slurry, for contacting the flue
gas in the absorber: and (2) reaction of the solution in a
separate absorbent regeneration section to form the
waste solids, rather than forming the waste solids as a
part of the scrubbing operation.) The FGD system met
all acceptance test process guarantees except filter
cake properties (averaging 52.2 of a minimum required
55 wt% insoluble solids). The remaining guarantees
were: S02 emissions limit, particulate matter emis-
sions, lime consumption, soda ash consumption,
power consumption, and system availability. The dem-
onstration started on May 1,1980, and ended on May
31,1981.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Sulfur di-
oxide, Electric power plants, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Scrubbing, Flue gases, Substitutes,
Design criteria, Calcium oxides, Sodium carbonates,
Particles, Performance evaluation, Economic analysis,
"Coal fired power plants, "Dual alkali scrubbing, Flue
gas desulfurization.
PB84-199876/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Investigation of Filter Media for Use in the Deter-
mination of Mass Concentrations of Ambient Par-
ticulate Matter. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
K. A. Rehme, C. F. Smith, M. E. Beard, and T. Fitz-
Simons. Jun 84, 48p EPA-600/4-84-048
Quartz and teflon filter media were evaluated under
controlled use conditions to determine their suitability
for ambient particulate measurements. Weighing tests
and handling tests were conducted in a laboratory en-
vironment. A field comparison test in which samples
were collected on glass, quartz, and teflon filters was
conducted at a typical air quality monitoring site. Total
suspended particulate, nitrate, and sulfate concentra-
tions measured during the field comparison test using
quartz and teflon filters on high-volume samplers were
lower than those measured using glass filters. Ob-
served differences could be explained reasonably well
by artifact effects and the aforementioned handling ef-
fects. Teflon filters showed a tendency to clog at ambi-
ent total suspended particulate concentrations around
75 microgram/cu m.
Keywords: "Air filters, "Particles, "Weight measure-
ment, "Air pollution, Field tests,
Concentration(Composition), Sampling, Inorganic ni-
trates, Sulfates, Sites, Comparison, Performance eval-
uation, Quartz, "Air quality, "Air pollution sampling,
Total suspended particulates, Teflon, Glass.
PB84-199926/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Compendium of Selected Methods for Sampling
and Analysis at Geothermal Facilities. Summary
rept.,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
C. H. Kindle, K. H. Pool, J. D. Ludwick, and D. E.
Robertson. Jun 84,184p EPA-600/4-84-049
The establishment of generally accepted methods for
characterizing geothermal emissions has been ham-
pered by the independent natures of both geothermal
industrial development and sampling/analysis proce-
dures despite three workshops on the latter (Las
Vegas 1975,1977,1980). An independent study of the
field has resulted in a compilation of the best methods
for sampling, preservation and analysis of potential
pollutants from geothermally fueled electric power
plants. These methods have been selected as the
most usable over the range of application commonly
experienced in the various geothermal plant sample lo-
cations. In addition to plant and well piping, techniques
for sampling cooling towers, ambient gases, solids,
surface and subsurface waters are described. Empha-
sis is placed on the use of sampling probes to extract
samples from heterogeneous flows. Where possible,
analytical methods capable of reaching 'aquatic life
criteria' sensitivities are described. This series of tech-
niques is best if applied, or directly monitored, by one
person to optimize consistent use and Interpretation.
Certain sampling points, constituents and phases of
plant operation are more amenable to quality assur-
ance improvement in the emission measurements
than others and are so identified.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Electric power
plants, "Water pollution, Industrial wastes, Metals,
Anions, Sites, Sampling, Samplers, Design criteria, Air
pollution, Chemical analysis, "Geothermal power
plants, 'Geothermal fluids, "Water pollution sampling,
"Water pollution detection, Procedures, Solid wastes,
Numerical solution.
PB84-200609/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from
Sources of Acrylonitrile
Environmental protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Mar 84,70p EPA-450/4-84-007A
See also PB84-200625. Prepared in cooperation with
Radian Corp., Durham, NC.
To assist groups interested in inventorying air emis-
sions of various potentially toxic substances, EPA is
preparing a series of documents such as this to com-
pile available information on sources and emissions of
these substances. This document deals specifically
with acrylonitrile. Its intended audience includes Fed-
eral, State and local air pollution personnel and others
interested in locating potential emitters of acrylonitrile
and in making gross estimates of air emissions there-
from. This document presents information on (1) the
types of sources that may emit acrylonitrile, (2) proc-
ess variations and release points that may be expect-
ed within these sources, and (3) available emissions
information indicating the potential for chloroform re-
lease into the air from each operation.
Keywords: 'Acrylonitriles, "Air pollution, Sources,
Sampling, National government, State government, In-
dustrial wastes, Sites, Process charting, Design crite-
ria,	Elastomers,	Manufacturing,
Concentration(Composition), Chemical industry, Air
pollution control, "Toxic substances, "Acrylonitrile,
Chemical feedstocks.
PB84-200617/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from
Sources of Chloroform.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Mar 84,102p EPA-450/4-84-007C
See also PB84-200633. Prepared in cooperation with
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA.
To assist groups interested in inventorying air emis-
sions of various potentially toxic substances, EPA is
preparing a series of documents such as this to com-
pile available information on sources and emissions of
these substances. This document deals specifically
with chloroform. Its intended audience includes Feder-
al, State and local air pollution personnel and others
interested in locating potential emitters of chloroform
and in making gross estimates of air emissions there-
from. This document presents information on (1) the
types of sources that may emit chloroform, (2) process
variations and release points that may be expected
within these sources, and (3) available emissions infor-
mation indicating the potential for chloroform release
into the air from each operation.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Chloroform, Sources, Indus-
trial wastes, Sites, State government, National govern-
ment, Sampling, Manufacturing, Drugs,
Concentration(Composition), Air pollution control,
Process charting, Design criteria, 'Toxic substances,
Emission factors.
PB84-200625/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from
Sources of Carbon Tetrachloride.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Mar 84,128p EPA-450/4-84-007B
See also PB84-200617. Prepared in cooperation with
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA.
To assist groups interested in inventoring air emissions
of various potentially toxic substances, EPA is prepar-
ing a series of documents such as this to compile avail-
able information on sources and emissions of these
substances. This document deals specifically with
carbon tetrachloride. Its intended audience includes
Federal, State and local air pollution personnel and
others interested in locating potential emitters of
carbon tetrachloride and in making gross estimates of
air emissions therefrom. This document presents infor-
mation on (1) the types of sources that may emit
carbon tetrachloride, (2) process variations and re-
lease points that may be expected within these
sources, and (3) available emissions information indi-
cating the potential for carbon tetrachloride release
into the air from each operation.
Keywords: "Carbon tetrachloride, 'Air pollution,
Sources, National government, State government,
Sampling, Manufacturing, Chemical industry, Pesti-
cides, Sites, Process charting, Design criteria, Industri-
al wastes, 'Toxic substances, Air pollution sampling,
Freon 11, Freon 12, Chemical feedstocks.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB84-200633/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from
Sources of Formaldehyde.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Mar 84,128p EPA-450/4-84-007E
See also PB84-200617, Prepared in cooperation with
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
To assist groups interested in inventorying air emis-
sions of various potentially toxic substances, EPA is
preparing a series of documents such as this to com-
pile available information on sources and emissions of
these substances. This document deals specifically
with formaldehyde. Its intended audience includes
Federal, State and local air pollution personnel and
others interested in locating potential emitters of form-
aldehyde and in making gross estimates of air emis-
sions therefrom. This document presents information
on (1) the types of sources that may emit formalde-
hyde, (2) process variations and release points that
may be expected within these sources, and (3) avail-
able emissions information indicating the potential for
formaldehyde release into the air from each operation.
Keywords: * Air pollution, "Formaldehyde, Sources, In-
dustrial wastes, State government, National govern-
ment, Sites, Concentration(Composition), Sampling,
Air pollution control, Design criteria, Process charting,
'Toxic substances.
PB84-200666/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Correlation of Coal Properties with Environmental
Control Technology Needs for Sulfur and Trace
Elements. Final rept. May 82-Jun 83,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
D. M. White, L. 0. Edwards, A. G. Eklund, D. A.
DuBose, and F. D. Skinner. Jun 84,358p EPA-600/7-
84-066
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
The report reviews existing reports and data on the oc-
currence of sulfur and trace elements in U.S. coals and
on the effect of coal properties on trace element parti-
tioning during coal use. Emphasis was on: (1) the
effect of depositional conditions on the formation and
composition of mineral matter in coal, (2) the elemen-
tal concentration of major and trace elements in U.S.
coals as a function of rank and geographic location, (3)
analytical methods used for evaluating the modes of
occurrence of these elements in coal, (4) conceptual
models for predicting sulfur and trace element occur-
rence as a function of depositional conditions and
chemical equilibrium, and (5) the fate of major and
trace elements during coal cleaning, combution, gasifi-
cation, and waste disposal. Coal washability data for
44 U.S. coal samples were used to statistically esti-
mate the trace element reduction potential for a coal
as a function of sulfur and ash reduction. Data fits were
especially good for elements associated with the clay
minerals, and to a lesser extent with the sulfides. Coal
combustion data from 15 previous studies at commer-
cial power plants were also analyzed: but, due to differ-
ences in technological processes at various plants,
possible analytical errors, and limited data, statistical
correlations are uncertain.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Coal, 'Sulfur,
'Trace elements, Coal preparation, Chemical analysis,
Electric power plants, Coal gasification, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Desulfurization, Solid
waste disposal, Minerals, Chemical properties, *Air
pollution abatement, Stationary sources, Washing,
Path of pollutants.
PB84-200674/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
Procedures for Evaluating the Photoplc Response
of the Visible Emission Training School Transmls-
someter. Final rept.
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Jun 84, 60p EPA-600/4-84-047
Contract EPA-68-02-3767
The basic concept of photopic response is a major
factor in the design of the smoke generator transmis-
someter used at visible emission training schools. The
term 'photopic' refers to having the daylight spatial re-
sponse characteristics of the human eye. This study
evaluated three transmissometer systems, the refer-
ence daylight-photopic system, the tungsten-photopic
system, and the tungsten-near-photopic system, to de-
termine whether these three systems had significantly
different response characteristics. In addition, a simple
procedure was developed for checking the photopic
response of transmissometer systems. Results are
discussed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Transmissometers, Smoke
generators, Performance evaluation, Responses,
Light(Visible radiation), Light transmission, Field tests,
Laboratory equipment, Design criteria, Calibrating,
Opacity, "Air pollution detection, EPA method 9. Sta-
tionary sources, Procedures.
PB84-200864/HSU	PC E99
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Wastes from Manufacture of Dyes and Pigments.
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
Jun 84,622p-in 9v
Set includes PB84-200872 through PB84-200955.
No abstract available.
PB84-200872/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Wastes from Manufacture of Dyes and Pigments:
Volume 1. Azo Dyes and Pigments (Benzidine and
Its Congeners Subsector),
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
D. C. Bomberger, and R. L. Boughton. Jun 84,94p
EPA-600/2-84-111A
Contract EPA-68-03-2934
See also Volume 2, PB84-200880.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E99, PB84-
200864.
In a study of the manufacture of dyes and pigments
based on benzidine and its congeners, several solid
waste streams that could contain hazardous material
were identified. The solid residues included filter cake
from clarifying operations, intermediates on discarded
shipping containers, and fines collected in bag houses
used in grinding and drying operations. An aqueous
waste stream containing process wastewater and
mother liquor that could contain hazardous material
was also identified. Pigment manufacture represented
the most important source of wastes because of its
large volume relative to dyes. The emissions estimates
showed 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine, o-dianisidine, and ben-
zidine, were among the ten materials estimated to rep-
resent the major organic emissions from dye and pig-
ment manufacture.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pigments,
'Dyes, 'Hazardous materials, Solid waste disposal, Air
pollution, Water pollution, Azo dyes, Chemical engi-
neering, Chemical industry, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Industrial wastes, Sources, Residues, Ship-
ping containers, 'Benzidine, "Benzidines, Baghouses,
Benzidine/dichloro, Dianisidine, Resource conserva-
tion and recovery act, Listings.
PB84-200880/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Wastes from Manufacture of Dyes and Pigment*.
Volume 2. Azo Dyes and Pigments (Excluding
Benzidine and Its Congeners),
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
D. C. Bomberger, and R. L. Boughton. Jun 84,215p
EPA-600/2-84-111B
Contract EPA-68-03-2944
See also Volume 3, PB84-200898, and Volume 1.
PB84-200872.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E99, PB84-
200864.
In a study of the manufacture of azo dyes and pig-
ments, several solid wastes that could contain hazard-
ous material were identified. These solid wastes in-
cluded filter cake from clarifying operations,
wastewater treatment solids, intermediates on dis-
carded shipping containers, and fines collected in
baghouses used in grinding and drying operations. An
aqueous waste stream containing process wastewater
and mother liquor that could contain hazardous materi-
al was also identified. The major components in the
solid and liquid streams were identified, and the
amounts produced were estimated. These estimates
were made on an individual dye basis and summarized
on an industry-wide basis. The major potential dis-
charges of dye, unreacted intermediates, and reaction
by-products were in the mother liquor after dye or pig-
ment transferred to wastewater treatment solids.
Other major sources of solid residues included dye
and pigments on baghouses fines, intermediate in dis-
charged shipping containers, and filter cake solids.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Dyes, 'Pig-
ments, 'Azo dyes, 'Hazardous materials, Solid waste
disposal, Water pollution, Air pollution control, Industri-
al wastes, Sources, Chemical industry, Tables(Data),
Manufacturing, Chemical reactions, Byproducts, Resi-
dues, Resource conservation and recovery act. List-
ings.
PB84-200898/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati
OH.
Wastes from Manufacture of Dyes and Pigments.
Volume 3. Stllbene Dyes and Fluorescent Bright-
ening Agents,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
J. E. Gwinn, and D. C. Bomberger. Jun 84,34p EPA-
600/2-84-111C
Contract EPA-68-03-2944
See also Volume 2, PB84-200880, and Volume 4
PB84-200906.
Also available in set of 9 reports. PB E99, PB84-
200864.
A preliminary study of the manufacture of Stllbene
dyes and fluorescent brightening agents was conduct-
ed to determine if process waste streams might con-
tain hazardous material. The study first identifies the
dyes and pigments that belong to this segment of the
industry, the amounts produced and the known U.S.
producers. The chemistry of these dyes and pigments
is discussed as well as the overall production process
and waste treatment practices. Several waste streams
that could contain hazardous material are identified
and five companies that produce representative dyes
and pigments are recommended for a sampling pro-
gram to confirm the composition and amounts of these
waste streams.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Dyes, 'Pig-
ments, 'Hazardous materials, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Air pollution, Sampling, Fluorescent
dyes, Optical brighteners, Stilbenes, Brighteners, In-
dustrial wastes, Sources, Chemical industry. Manufac-
turing, Synthesis(Chemistry), Listings, Resource con-
servation and recovery act.
PB84-200906/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati
OH.
Wastes from Manufacture of Dyes and Pigments.
Volume 4. Anthraqulnone Dyes and Pigments,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
J. E. Gwinn, and D. C. Bomberger. Jun 84, 85p EPA-
600/2-84-1 11D
Contract EPA-68-03-2944
See also Volume 3, PB84-200898, and Volume 5
PB84-200914.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E99, PB84-
200864.
A preliminary study of the manufacture of Anthraquin-
one dyes and pigments was conducted to determine if
process waste streams might contain hazardous mate-
rial. The study first identifies the dyes and pigments
that belong to this segment of the industry, the
amounts produced and the known U.S. producers. The
chemistry of these dyes and pigments is discussed as
well as the overall production process and waste treat-
ment practices. Several waste streams that could con-
tain hazardous material are identified and seven com-
panies that produce representative dyes and pigments
are recommended for a sampling program to confirm
the composition and amounts of these waste streams
Keywords: 'Dyes, "Pigments, 'Environmental sur-
veys, 'Hazardous materials, 'Anthraquinones, Chemi-
cal industry, Air pollution, Water pollution, Solid waste
disposal, Manufacturing, Industrial wastes, Sources.
Sampling, Synthesis(Chemistry), Tables(Data), Ral
source conservation and recovery act, Listings.
PB84-200914/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Wastes from Manufacture of Dyes and Pigments.
Volume 5. Diphenylmethane and Trlarylmethane
Dyes and Pigments,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
J. E. Gwinn, and D. C. Bomberger. Jun 84, 47p EPA-
600/2-84-111E
Contract EPA-68-03-2944
See also Volume 4, PB84-200906, and Volume 6,
PB84-200922.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E99, PB84-
200864.
A preliminary study of the manufacture of diphenyl-
methane and triarylmethane dyes was conducted to
determine il process waste streams might contain haz-
ardous material. The study first identifies the dyes and
pigments that belong to this segment of the industry,
the amounts produced and the known U.S. producers.
The chemistry of these dyes and pigments is dis-
cussed as well as the overall production process and
waste treatment practices. Several waste streams that
could contain hazardous material are identified and
five companies that produce representative dyes and
pigments are recommended for a sampling program to
confirm the composition and amounts of these waste
streams.
Keywords: 'Dyes, 'Pigments, 'Environmental sur-
veys, 'Hazardous materials, Manufacturing, Chemical
industry, Water pollution, Air pollution, Solid waste dis-
posal, Sampling, Synthesis(Chemistry), Tables(Data),
'Methane/diphenyl, 'Methane/triaryl, Resource con-
servation and recovery act, Listings.
PB84-200922/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab -Cincinnati,
OH.
Wastes from Manufacture of Dyes and Pigments.
Volume 6. Methlne and Polymethine Dyes and Pig-
ments,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
J. E. Gwinn, and D. C. Bomberger. Jun 84,41 p EPA-
600/2-84-111F
Contract EPA-68-03-2944
See also Volume 5, PB84-200914, and Volume 7,
PB84-200930.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E99, PB84-
200864.
A preliminary study of the manufacture of methine and
polymethine dyes and pigments was conducted to de-
termine if process waste streams might contain haz-
ardous material. The study first identifies the dyes and
pigments that belong to this segment of the industry,
the amounts produced, and the known U.S. producers.
The chemistry of these dyes and pigments is dis-
cussed as well as the overall production process and
waste treatment practices. Several waste streams that
could contain hazardous material are identified and
four companies that produce representative dyes and
pigments are recommended for a sampling program to
confirm the composition and amounts of these waste
streams.
Keywords: 'Dyes, 'Pigments, 'Hazardous materials,
'Environmental surveys, Industrial wastes, Solid waste
disposal, Air pollution, Water pollution, Chemical in-
dustry, Chemical engineering, Manufacturing,
Synthesis(Chemistry), Molecular structure, 'Polymeth-
ine, "Methine, Resource conservation and recovery
act, Listings.
PB84-200930/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Wastes from Manufacture of Dyes and Pigments.
Volume 7. Xanthene Dyes and Pigments,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
D. C. Bomberger, and R. L. Boughton. Jun 84,36p
EPA-600/2-84-111G
Contract EPA-68-03-2944
See also Volume 6, PB84-200922, and Volume 8,
PB84-200948.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E99, PB84-
200864.
A preliminary study of the manufacture of Xanthene
dyes was conducted to determine if process waste
streams might contain hazardous material. The study
first identifies the dyes and pigments that belong to
this segment of the industry, the amounts produced
and the known U.S. producers. The chemistry of these
dyes and pigments is discussed as well as the overall
production process and waste treatment practices.
Several waste streams that could contain hazardous
material are identified and three companies that
produce representative dyes and pigments are recom-
mended for a sampling program to confirm the compo-
sition and amounts of these waste streams.
Keywords: 'Dyes, 'Pigments, 'Environmental sur-
veys, 'Hazardous materials, Water pollution control.
Air pollution control, Solid waste disposal, Sources, In-
dustrial wastes, Chemical engineering, Reagents,
'Xanthene, Resource conservation and recovery act,
Listings.
PB84-200948/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Wastes from Manufacture of Dyes and Pigments.
Volume 8. Phthalocyanlne Dyes and Pigments,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
D. C. Bomberger. Jun 84, 36p EPA-600/2-84-111H
Contract EPA-68-03-2944
See also Volume 7, PB84-200930, and Volume 9,
PB84-200955.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E99, PB84-
200864.
A preliminary study of the manufacture of phthalocyan-
ine dyes and pigments was conducted to determine if
process waste streams might contain hazardous mate-
rial. The study first identifies the dyes and pigments
that belong to this segment of the industry, the
amounts produced, and the known U.S. producers.
The chemistry of these dyes and pigments is dis-
cussed as well as the overall production process and
waste treatment practices. Several waste streams that
could contain hazardous material are identified and six
companies that produce representative dyes and pig-
ments are recommended for a sampling program to
confirm the composition and amounts of these waste
streams.
Keywords: 'Dyes, 'Pigments, 'Environmental sur-
veys, 'Phthalocyanines, 'Hazardous materials, Water
pollution, Air pollution. Solid waste disposal, Manufac-
turing, Chemical industry, Industrial wastes, Chemical
engineering, Synthesis(Chemistry), Design criteria,
Catalysts, Resource conservation and recovery act,
Listings.
PB84-200955/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Wastas from Manufacture of Dyes and Pigments.
Volume 9. Sulfur Dyes,
SRI international, Menlo Park, CA.
J. E. Gwinn, and D. C. Bomberger. Jun 84,34p EPA-
600/2-84-1 111
Contract EPA-68-03-2944
See also Volume 8, PB84-200948.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E99, PB84-
200864.
A preliminary study of the manufacture of sulfur dyes
was conducted to determine if process waste streams
might contain hazardous material. The study first iden-
tifies the dyes and pigments that belong to this seg-
ment of the industry, the amounts produced, and the
known U.S. producers. The chemistry of these dyes is
discussed as well as the overall production process
and waste treatment practices. Several waste streams
that could contain hazardous material are identified
and two companies that produce representative dyes
are recommended for a sampling program to confirm
the composition and amounts of these waste streams.
Keywords'. 'Dyes, "Pigments, 'Environmental sur-
veys, 'Hazardous materials, "Sulfur dyes, Chemical in-
dustry, Manufacturing, Solid waste disposal, Air pollu-
tion, Sampling, Water pollution, Chemical engineering,
Synthesis(Chemistry), Industrial wastes, Resource
conservation and recovery act, Listings.
PB84-201573/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Field Experience In Sampling Hazardous Waste
Incinerators,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
P. Gorman, F. Bergman, and D. Oberacker. Jun 84,
23p EPA/600/D-84/134
Contract EPA-68-02-2166
This paper is for presentation at the 77th annual meet-
ing of the Air Pollution Control Association, June 24-
29, 1984. The paper contains much useful, pragmatic
information gained through numerous hazardous
waste incinerator trial burn-type investigations per-
formed for EPA by the contractor (MRI). Included are
normal preparations for sampling points, waste inven-
tory arrangements for performing the tests, and practi-
cal considerations for using standard EPA stack sam-
pling techniques, etc. which may otherwise be over-
looked by new or unfamiliar contractors conducting
future incinerator trial burn sampling.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Incinerators, 'Solid
waste disposal, 'Air pollution control, 'Licenses, Field
tests, Sampling, Sites, Performance evaluation, Parti-
cles, Hydrogen chloride. Design criteria,
Concentration(Composition), Operations research,
'Air pollution sampling, 'Liquid waste disposal. Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act.
PB84-201581 /HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Construction and Evaluation of a Flow Test Stand.
Rept. for Apr 82-Apr 84,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
W. J. Averett, P. C. Lin, and J. F. Roesler. Jun 84,36p
EPA-600/D-84-157
A test stand for the examination of flow monitors in a 3-
inch pipe was designed, constructed, and evaluated.
The calculations necessary for the proper design are
based on empirical data and are described in detail. A
statistical analysis was used to estimate the error gen-
erated from various alternative methods of determin-
ing flow. Such estimates included errors in weighing,
measuring liquid level, and measuring time and errors
resulting from diversions of liquid from the main stream
to the collection tank. The volume/time method
proved not only to have the least error (+ or - 0.75 per-
cent) of the several options that were studied, but also
was amenable to monitoring fluids of unknown densi-
ties. The data from the flow test stand which are based
on a magnetic flowmeter are traceable to the National
Bureau of Standards and are reported to have errors
of + or - 0.5 percent or less.
Keywords: 'Performance evaluation, "Flow measure-
ment, 'Construction, 'Stream pollution. Standards,
Water pollution control, Design, Licenses, Sludge dis-
posal, Flowmeters, Alloy steels, Pipes(Tubes), 'Flow
test stand, Discharge(Water).
PB84-20159S/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Div.
Design and Characterization of an Isokinetic Sam-
pling Train for Particle Size Measurements Using
Exhsust Qas Recirculation,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
A. D. Williamson, R. S. Martin, D. B. Harris, and T. E.
Ward. Jun 84,17p EPA-600/D-84-158
Contract EPA-68-02-3696
A particulate sampling train has been constructed
which satisfies the conflicting requirements of isokine-
tic sample extraction and constant flowrate through an
inertia! sizing device. Its design allows a variable frac-
tion of the filtered exhaust gas to be added to the
sample upstream of the inertia! sampler in order to
maintain a preselected flowrate through this device
while the gas flowrate into the sampling nozzle is ad-
justed to remain Isokinetic with the local duct velocity.
The prototype train was constructed by relatively
simple modifications of a commercially available
Method 5 sampling system, and much of the sampling
technique is identical with Method 5 protocol. The train
was tested by comparison of parallel runs in the EPA/
SRI wind tunnel using redispersed flyash. In the first
series of runs the EGR train without inertial sizing
device sampled simultaneously with a colocatea
Method 17 sampling train. The average ratio of the
measured mass concentrations was 1,003, with a
standard deviation of 0.046. A second series of paral-
lel isokinetic samples was taken using a dual cyclone
sampler. The average mass concentration ratio for
these runs was 0.9B8, with a standard deviation of
0.057.
Keywords: 'Samplers, 'Air pollution, 'Particle size,
Design criteria, Extraction, Flyash, Performance eval-
uation.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB84-201607/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Feasibility of Using Fiber Optics for Monitoring
Groundwater Contaminants,
Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA.
T. Hirschfeld, T. Deaton, F. Milanovich, and S. M.
Klainer. Jun 84, 92p* EPA-600/7-84-067
Prepared in cooperation with S.T.E. Technical Serv-
ices, Inc., San Ramon, CA.
The report contains the results of the initial feasibility
study for a research program undertaken to develop
the technology needed to use fiber optics for monitor-
ing groundwater contaminants. The technology ap-
pears especially well suited to the requirements of de-
tection monitoring where a few indicator parameters
can be measured continuously by sensors placed
down small-diameter monitoring wells. Data are gener-
ated at a remote, centrally located fluorimeter, con-
nected to the sampling sites by inexpensive optical
fibers. The analytical method is laser-induced fluores-
cence which gives the desired sensitivity. The optrode,
a chemical system and/or a mechanical device at the
distal end of a fiber optic, furnishes the needed speci-
ficity. Various fiber and optrode configurations have
been evaluated and their applications to groundwater
monitoring are discussed. Feasibility is shown for
physical measurements such as temperature, pres-
sure and pH. Chemical detection and quantification of
the actinides, inorganic and organic chlorides, sul-
fates, alcohols, aldehydes, pesticides and tracer mate-
rials are presented. Finally, it is shown that the need
for smaller diameter wells (as compared to conven-
tional sampling methods), and the ability to make up to
50 unattended in situ measurements, using a reason-
ably priced centralized fluorometer system connected
to the sampling sites by inexpensive optical fibers, re-
sults in acceptable economy.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Ground water, "Water
analysis, "Potable water, "Water quality, Feasibility,
Optical spectrometers, Fiber optics, Fluorimetry,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Remote
sensing, Economic analysis, Fluorescence, Solid
waste disposal, Hazardous materials, Chemical analy-
sis, "Laser spectroscopy, "Laser induced fluores-
cence.
PB84-201615/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of Chemical and Biological Methods
for the Identification of Mutagenic and Cytotoxic
Hazardous Waste Samples,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.
B. Andon, M. Jackson, V. Houk, and L. Claxton. Jun
84, 27p EPA-600/D-84-150
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Health
Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park,
NC., and North Carolina Univ. at Chapell Hill. Dept. of
Environmental Sciences and Engineering.
To assist in the development of methods for identifying
potentially hazardous wastes, the authors have con-
ducted studies on the extraction of toxicants from sev-
eral solid waste samples. The extracts were tested for
toxicity in the Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) Cytotoxi-
city Test and for mutagenic potential in the Salmonella
Histidine Reversion Assay. A new technique was also
employed which measured the mutagenicity of neat
waste samples by coupling Thin Layer Chromatogra-
phy (TLC) with the Salmonella Histidine Reversion
Assay. The wastes selected for study were coke plant
waste, herbicide manufacturing acetone-water efflu-
ent, and oil refining waste. Three extraction solvents,
ethanol (ETOH), dichloromethane (DCM), and dimeth-
ylsulfoxide (DMSO), were chosen based on their solu-
bility and compatibility with bioassay procedures. Each
sample was divided into three parts and extracted with
each of the three solvents separately. All extracts were
tested in the Salmonella assay al five dose levels with
five Ames tester strains in the presence and in the ab-
sence of an exogenous metabolizing system. DMSO
and DCM extracts were utilized for CHO cytotoxicity
evaluations. The three neat waste samples and two
extracts were assayed with the TLC technique. In addi-
tion to the biological assessments, the gross chemical
parameters for each sample were determined. Results
showed that coke plant waste and herbicide mfg. ace-
tone-water were mutagenic to S. typhimurium with the
standard plate test. With the TLC technique, the neat
coke plant waste was mutagenic and oil refining waste
was toxic. Oil refining waste was also toxic to CHO
cells.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Chemical analysis,
"Mutagens, "Toxicity, "Bioassay, Solvent extraction,
Thin layer chromatography, Coking, Herbicides, Petro-
leum refining, In vitro analysis, "Toxic substances,
"Solid wastes.
PB84-201623/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Advantages of Using Regression Analysis to Cal-
culate Results of Chronic Toxicity Tests,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
C. E. Stephan, and J. W. Rogers. Jun 84,20p EPA-
600/D-84-149
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Univ.-Superi-
or. Center for Lake Superior Environmental Studies.
Although it is traditional to calculate results of chronic
toxicity tests using hypothesis testing to detect statisti-
cally significant differences from the control, calcula-
tion of results using regression analysis offers several
major advantages. Regression analysis can directly
produce a point estimate of the concentration causing
any specified amount of adverse effect. In addition,
whereas the degrees of freedom, precision of the test,
and selection of have no impact on results calculated
using regression analysis, they have a great impact on
results calculated using hypothesis testing. Further,
use of regression analysis emphasizes the necessity
of considering the biological importance of the adverse
effects observed in toxicity tests. By using hypothesis
testing, aquatic toxicologists have been able to avoid
this difficult, important question by presenting results
in terms of a variable 'statistically significant differ-
ence'.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Meetings, "Aquatic animals, Re-
gression analysis. Water quality, Water pollution, Envi-
ronment protection.
PB84-201631/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Prototype Concentration Monitor for Estimating
Acidic Dry Deposition. Interim rept. Apr 83-Apr 84,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J. L. Durham, and T. G. Ellestad. Jun 84,15p EPA-
600/D-84-147
Dry deposition contributes significantly to the acidifica-
tion of the ecosystem. However, difficulties in measur-
ing dry deposition of reactive gases and fine particles
make routine direct monitoring impractical. An alter-
nate approach is to use the 'concentration monitoring'
method in which dry deposition is estimated from the
product of measured concentration and estimated
deposition velocity. To investigate sampling protocols
for estimating the weekly averages of pollutant dry
deposition, a sampler that performs over the period of
about 0.25 to 7 days, depending on atmospheric con-
centrations has been developed. It consists of a Teflon
cyclone to exclude particles larger than about 2 mi-
crometers, selective solid adsorption media for reac-
tive gases - some of which are sampled from an unsta-
ble transition flow to avoid bias from particle evapora-
tion, and a particle filter. The sampler is the first report-
ed application of unstable transition-flow mass transfer
for the collection of trace atmospheric gases. Labora-
tory and limited field tests have shown that the sam-
pler performs satisfactorily for HN03(g) and S02.
Keywords: "Monitors, "Acidification, "Air pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Samplers, Design crite-
ria, Laboratory equipment, Field tests, Sulfur dioxide.
Nitric acid, Trace elements, "Dry deposition, "Ecosys-
tems, "Precipitation washout, "Air pollution sampling.
PB84-201649/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab - Duluth, MN.
U.S./Canada Aquatic Impacts Assessment: Inte-
gration of Experimental Studies, Monitoring and
Modeling of Acid Deposition Effects,
Institute of Ecology, Indianapolis, IN.
O. L. Loucks, ancfG. E. Glass. Jun 84,25p* EPA-600/
D-84-148
Assessments of pollutant effects on living organisms
usually have used dose-response relationships
(models) based on data for one pollutant and one spe-
cies at a time, for a relatively short period of exposure,
under relatively controlled conditions. Such studies are
necessary, but even literature reviews of the results
provide only limited insight into the response of region-
al resource systems where there are multiple pollutant
impacts. For the assessment planned under the 1980
U.S./Canada Memorandum of Intent on long-distance
pollutants a Work Group was established specifically
to evaluate effects from the apparent elevated levels
of pollutants transported long distances. This paper re-
ports on the use of both qualitative comprehensive
models and quantitative empirical models as method-
ologies for the Aquatic Impacts Assessment process
in Phases I and II of that study.
Keywords: "Acidity, "Aquatic animals, "Water pollu-
tion, "Ecology, Assessments, Dosage, Mathematical
models, Hydrology, United States, Canada, Inorganic
sulfates, Tolerances(Physiology).
PB84-201656/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Health Effects of Fine- and Coarse-Mode Particu-
late Matter: Exposures by Inhalation and Intratra-
cheal Instillation,
IIT Research Inst., Chicago, IL.
C. Aranyi, J. Drummond, R. Ehrlich, J. D. Fenters, and
J. Graf. May 84, 7p EPA/600/D-84-111
Grant EPA-R-806327
Prepared in cooperation with International Research
and Development Corp., Mattawan, Ml.
Because coarse mode particles are rarely studied in
their existing size ranges (greatest mass about 5-7 mi-
crometers, aerodynamic diameter), the authors investi-
gate the effects of four such particles, quartz, ferric
oxide, calcium carbonate, and sodium feldspar, on
host defenses against bacterial pulmonary infection.
Mice which received intratracheal instillations of 10,
33, and 100 micrograms/mouse were exposed within
an hour to aerosols of viable Streptococcus, and pneu-
monia-induced mortality was measured. At 33 and 100
micrograms/mouse, all particles significantly in-
creased mortality. At the lower dose, only Fe203
caused a significantly increase in mortality. To evalu-
ate potential delayed effects, mice were challenged
with the bacteria 24 h after exposure to 100 micro-
grams particles/mouse. Delaying the challenge did not
significantly alter the response, except for the sodium
feldspar group for which a partial recovery was ob-
served.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Inhalation, Aerosols, "Air pol-
lution effects(Animals), "Particulates.
PB84-201672/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Experience from the Use of Tenax In Distributed
Ambient Air Volume Sets,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J. F. Walling. Jun 84,13p EPA-600/D-84-156
See also PB84-196989.
Solid adsorbent beds are a practical, commonly used
way to concentrate organic molecules from large vol-
umes of air to make analysis possible. A small set of
such beds exposed simultaneously, but each at a quite
different flow rate, has been suggested as a way to
assess the presence of complications. This sampling
approach represents a strong quality assurance activi-
ty because it provides a summary index of the effects
of a sizable number of variables to aid in quality as-
sessment. Implementation is quite practical. Costs are
not trivial since sets of four samples are preferred.
However, some complications easily discovered but
not specifically identifiable by this approach might
elude more conventional quality control checking. Ex-
amples would be selective contamination, inadequate
retention and artifact reactions. Results from tandem
tube and non-tandem tube sets are presented to illus-
trate these suggestions.
Keywords: "Adsorbents, "Gas sampling, "Gas analy-
sis, "Air pollution, Sampling, Sites, Quality assurance,
Concentration(Composition), Chromatographic analy-
sis, Assessments, "Tenax GC resins, "Air pollution de-
tection, "Air pollution sampling.
PB84-201S80/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Re-
flonal Oxidant Model - Background and Overview,
nvironmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
K. L. Schere, and N. C. Possiel. Jun 84,19p EPA-600/
D-84-155
Prepared in cooperation with National Oceanic and At-
mospheric Administration, Rockville, MD.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The development of a photochemical model capable
of simulating regional transport of ozone and its pre-
cursors is the focus of an extensive program now in
progress at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA). This model, the Regional Oxidant Model (ROM)
is designed for use in evaluating the effectiveness of
various control strategies needed to provide for attain-
ment of the ozone NAAQS. The model will be evaluat-
ed for the Northeast U.S. where various studies have
demonstrated the occurrence of widespread episodes
of high ozone concentrations. The purposes of this
paper are to highlight the types of issues that could be
addressed using the Regional Oxidant Model and to
describe the structure of this model.
Keywords: "Mathematical models, "Ozone, "Air pollu-
tion, Urban areas, Northeast Region(United States),
Photochemistry,	Transport	properties,
Concentration(Composition), Smog, Comparison, Re-
action kinetics, "Air quality data, Atmospheric chemis-
try.
PB84-201698/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
TOXIWASP: A Dynamic Model for Simulating the
Transport and Fate of Toxic Chemicals in Water
Bodies,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
R. B. Ambrose, Jr. Jun 84,27p* EPA-600/D-84-154
TOXIWASP is a dynamic model for simulating the
transport and fate of toxic chemicals in water bodies.
Two state variables are simulated: organic chemical
and total sediment. The generalized chemical model
can be used for problems requiring dynamic transport
and loading capabilities, simple mechanistic sediment
predictions, and process-derived chemical predictions.
TOXIWASP can be applied to stratified lakes and res-
ervoirs, large rivers, estuaries, and coastal waters.
Created for use in exposure assessments, the model
allows the user to perform simple dynamic simulations
of potentially toxic organic chemicals, such as pesti-
cides. Dynamic simulations allow the consideration of
variable loads, the prediction of peak events, and the
estimation of time-varying chemical exposure.
Keywords: "Mathematical models, "Water pollution,
"Chemical compounds, "Water quality, Transport
properties, Sediments, Lakes, Reservoirs, Rivers, Es-
tuaries, Exposure, Assessments, Organic compounds,
Pesticides, Volatilization, Air pollution, "TOXIWASP
model, "Toxic substances, "Path of pollutants, Air
water interfaces.
PB84-201706/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Low-NOx Burners tor Pulverized-Coal-Flred Boil-
ers in Japan. Rept. for 3 May 84,
Chuo Univ., Tokyo (Japan).
J. Ando, and J. D. Mobley. Jun 84,17p EPA/600/D-
84/153
Contract EPA-68-02-3949
Presented at FGD Pilot Study Group of the NATO
Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society,
York, England, 30 May-1 Jun 84.
The paper describes nitrogen oxide (NOx) abatement
by low-NOx burners (LNBs) and combustion modifica-
tion (CM) for dry-bottom pulverized-coal-fired boilers in
Japan. LNBs have been widely used in Japan as a
simple way to reduce NOx emissions by 20-50%. NOx
abatement by a LNB and CM is much less costly than
by flue gas treatment, primarily because of relatively
low operating costs. Even when selective catalytic re-
duction (SCR) of NOx is applied for extensive NOx
abatement, it is generally more economical to use a
LNB and CM with SCR than to use only SCR. Possible
problems with a LNB and CM for coal-fired boilers in-
clude increased unburned carbon, slag formation, and
tube wastage.
Keywords: "Burners, "Air pollution control, "Nitrogen
oxides, Boilers, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Cost analysis, "Combustion modification, Japan.
PB84-201714/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
In Vivo/fn Vitro Approach to the Toxicologlcal As-
sessment of Hazardous Waste,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. Lewtas, and B. Andon. Jun 84,31 p EPA-0OO/D-84-
151
An in vivo/in vitro toxicological screen (Tox Screen)
has been developed to evaluate potentially hazardous
waste samples and process stream residuals. The bio-
logical methods employed in the screen are designed
to be rapid, inexpensive methods capable of screening
large numbers of wastes. Emphasis is placed on iden-
tifying a wide range of potential toxic responses asso-
ciated with each waste by employing diverse test
methods. The toxic endpoints identified by the screen
include mutagenesis/carcinogenesis, general toxicol-
ogy, neurotoxicology, reproductive toxicology, teratol-
ogy, and immunotoxicology. The protocol, called the
Tox Screen, involves the oral administration of waste
material to rodents for 10 consecutive days. At the end
of the 10-day period the whole animal, body tissues
and fluids are evaluated for toxicity. A major goal of the
Tox Screen is to maximize the amount and type of po-
tential health effects information that can be obtained
by exposing metabolically competent intact animals to
complex waste mixtures.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Toxicology. Indus-
trial wastes, In vivo analysis, In vitro analysis, Screen-
ing, Bioassay, Rodents, Laboratory animals, "Water
pollution effects(Animals).
PB84-201722/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Formation of Acidic Trace Organic By-Products
from the Chlorination of Humic Acids,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
D. R. Seeger, L. A. Moore, and A. A. Stevens. Jun 84,
34p EPA-600/D-84-159
A method for concentrating and analyzing acidic trace
organics produced by the chlorination of humic acids
at concentrations approximating common drinking
water levels is described. Data are compared from
several humic acid sources. Specific compound analy-
ses of the extracts were conducted by fused silica cap-
illary column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
Mass spectral and chromatographic retention data
were used to characterize the compounds. Few differ-
ences were found in the types of compounds formed
from the chlorination of humic acids from the different
sources. A notable difference from other published
work was the tentative identification of ring-chlorinated
methoxy or phenolic aromatic acids. A granular acti-
vated carbon concentration column gave oetter recov-
eries of a wide range of compounds than an XAD-8
resin column, but some higher molecular weight com-
pounds, particularly aromatics, were recovered more
efficiently from the XAD-8 column.
Keywords: "Water analysis, "Water treatment, "Pota-
ble water, "Trace elements, "Chlorination, "Humic
acids, Organic compounds, Chemical analysis, Gas
chromatography, Mass spectroscopy, Phenols, Pota-
ble water, Extraction, "Granular activated carbon treat-
ment, XAD-8 resins.
PB84-201730/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Facility Requirements Div.
Before and After Case Studies: Comparisons of
Water Quality Following Municipal Treatment
Plant Improvements,
HydroQual, Inc., Mahwah, NJ.
W. M. Leo, R. V. Thomann, and T. W. Gallagher. May
84,212p EPA-430/9-007
Contract EPA-68-01-6275
This study is directed toward the overall issue of deter-
mining before and after responses of river systems fol-
lowing installation of improvements in municipal
wastewater treatment facilities. The basis objectives of
the study are threefold: To determine the extent of the
data base for water quality before and after improve-
ments and compile such data: To compare the before
and after data to determine changes in water quality
after treatment improvements; To evaluate the ability
of calibrated wasteload allocation water quality models
to predict water quality after improved treatment.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Municipalities, Im-
provement, Mathematical models, Benthos, Water
chemistry, Ecology, Dissolved gases, Oxygen, Inverte-
brates, Companson, Tables(Data), "Water quality
data, Organic loading.
PB84-201920/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Frequency-Dependent Absorption of Electromag-
netic Energy In Biological Tissue. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Experimental Biology Div.
W. T. Joines. 1984,6p EPA-600/J-84-023
Pub. in IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
v31 n1 p17-201984.
The frequency-dependent absorption of electromag-
netic energy in biological tissue is illustrated by use of
the Debye equations, model calculations for different
irradiation conditions, and measured electrical proper-
ties (conductivity and permittivity) of different tissues.
Four separate irradiation conditions are treated for cal-
culating the power absorbed in a given tissue when it
forms a flat interface or is surrounded by another
tissue. The calculations show that the greatest differ-
ential absorption occurs at frequencies between the
dominant relaxation frequencies in the two tissues.
From rat mammary gland tumor data, the calculations
show an optimum frequency range of about 100-500
MHz for microwave hyperthermia treatment of at least
these types of tumor.
Keywords: "Electromagnetic radiation, "Absorption,
Tissues(Biology), Neoplasms, Reprints, "Bioaccumu-
lation.
PB84-201938	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Some Effects of Early Starvation on the Survival
and Development of Barnacle Nauplli, 'Baianus
improvisus' (Darwin). Journal article,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Dept. of Food Science
and Technology.
W. H. Lang, and M. Marcy. C1982,11 p EPA-600/J-81 -
275,, ERLN-226
Grant EPA-R-808954
Pub. in Jnl. of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecolo-
gy, v60 p63-70 1982.
Newly hatched stage l-ll nauplii of Baianus improvisus
(Darwin) were 'totally starved' (until death) or 'partially
starved' for the first 48 h and 96 h of their develop-
ment. Daily mortality and molting were monitored
throughout larval development in both starved and fed
control groups. Fed control animals exhibited a largely
synchronous molting pattern with instars of equal dura-
tion. Total starvation suppressed molting beyond
stage II; 50% mortality occurred in 4 days at both 15
and21C, while longest survival time was 7 days at 15C
and 6 days at 21C. At 15C, partially starved nauplii re-
tained the ability to complete naupliar development but
at a slower overall rate and with increased mortality
relative to controls. These effects were more pro-
nounced in the 96-h group, increased mortality of
stage VI nauplii was evident in both partially starved
groups (u.1% for 48h, 18.8% for 96h) relative to un-
stayed controls (3.1%). Stage II nauplii exhibited little
resistance to starvation and survival potential may
have decreased as soon as 24h.
Keywords: "Starvation, "Barnacles, Survival, Develop-
ment, Shellfish, Nutrition, Mortality, Molting, Reprints,
Baianus improvisus.
PB84-201946/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Elements In Major Raw Agricultural Crops in the
United States. 1. Cadmium and Lead In Lettuce,
Peanuts, Soybeans, Sweet Corn, and Wheat. Jour-
nal article,
Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD.
K. A. Wolnik, F. L. Fricke, S. G. Caspar, G. L, Braude,
and M. W. Meyer. 1983,9p EPA-600/J-83-207
Pub. in Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 31,
P1240-1244 1983. Prepared in cooperation with Soil
Conservation Service, Washington, DC.Portions of this
document are not fully legible.
Six raw agricultural crops (lettuce, peanuts, potatoes,
soybeans, sweet corn and wheat were collected from
major U.S. growing areas uncontaminated by human
activities other than normal agricultural practices and
analyzed for Cd and Pb by using differential pulse
anodic stripping voltammetry. Handling, preparation,
and analysis of the 1645 sample were performed
under carefully controlled conditions. Mean concentra-
tions of Pb and Cd (microgram/g wet weight) were for
lettuce 0.013 and 0.026, tor peanuts 0.10 and 0.078,
for potatoes 0.009 and 0.031, for soybeans 0.042 and
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
0.059, tor sweet corn 0.0033 and 0.0031, and for
wheat 0.037 and 0.043 respectively. Most of these
values, considered to be background, are much lower
than those reported previously.
Keywords: 'Farm crops, 'Cadmium, 'Lead(Metal),
"Chemical analysis, "Environmental surveys,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints.
PB84-201953	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
International Study on 'Artemia'. XXVI. Food
Value of Nauplii from Reference 'Artemia' Cysts
and Four Geographical Collections of 'Artemia'
for Mud Crab Larvae. Journal article,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Dept. of Food Science
and Technology.
C. R. Seidel, D. M. Johns, P. S. Schauer, and C. E.
Olney. c1982, 7p EPA-600/J-81-259,, ERLN-224
Grant EPA-R-808954
See also PB84-139245.
Pub. in Marine Ecology-Progress Series, v8 p309-312
1982.
Nauplii from 4 commercially available geographical
collections of Artemia and nauplii hatched from the
Reference Artemia Cysts were compared for their ef-
fects on survival and growth of Rhithropanopeus harri-
sii larvae. In addition, nauplii from these sources were
analyzed for their fatty acid and chlorinated hydrocar-
bon contents. Despite differences in the amounts of a
few important polyunsaturated fatty acids, as well as in
the chlorinated hydrocarbon content, there was little
variation in the survival and development rates of R.
harrisii fed these Artemia sources as food. However,
growth of R. harrisii from hatching to megalopa was
significantly higher on the strain from France, interme-
diate in the Reference, Brazil and Chinese strains, and
poorest on the Chaplin Lake (Canada) strain. The Ref-
erence strain is shown to be one of the better sources
of Artemia nauplii with regard to their use in crab cul-
ture and therefore represent a good standard for future
research studies.
Keywords: "Diets, "Shellfish, "Nutritive value,
Shrimps, Crabs, Reprints, "Artemia.
PB84-201961/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Experimental Respiratory Carcinogenesis in Small
Laboratory Animals. Journal article (Final),
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
W. E. Pepelko. 1984,46p EPA-600/J-84-026
Pub. in Environmental Research, 33 p144-1881984.
Studies designed to test the ability of environmental
pollutants to induce lung cancer in experimental ani-
mals by chronic inhalation exposure are summarized in
this review. The studies are limited to those published
in peer-reviewed journals and may not include all ex-
periments conducted by chemical or pharmaceutical
manufacturers to test product safety. These studies
are also limited to those using small laboratory ani-
mals, e.g., Syrian Golden hamsters, mice and rats. The
advantages and disadvantages of these species for
use in respiratory carcinogenesis studies are dis-
cussed. Chemical substances reviewed include organ-
ic compounds, inorganic metallic and nonmetallic
compounds, and complex mixtures. The results of
these studies have shown that cancer of the respirato-
ry tract can be induced by a wide variety of chemicals,
many of which are present in ambient air. With few ex-
ceptions, substances that have been shown to induce
lung cancer in humans have also proven to be carcino-
genic in laboratory animals.
Keywords: "Laboratory animals, "Toxicology, Inhala-
tion, Exposure, Lung diseases, Reprints, "Carcino-
genesis, "Air pollution effects(Animals), Cancer.
PB84-202225/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Summary of GAC (Granular Activated Carbon) Re-
search at Several Water Utilities,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH
B W. Lykins, Jr., and J. Q. Adams. Jun 84,21 p EPA-
600/D-84-146
Granular activated carbon (GAC) has been in use for
many years to remove taste and odors in drinking
water. Within the past ten years, some utilities have se-
riously considered the use of GAC for removal of trace
organics from their drinking water. With more sophisti-
160 Vol. 90, No. 24
cated instrumentation rapidly becoming available that
is affordable and useable by utilities, more organics at
trace levels are being detected. Because the health ef-
fects of ingesting these trace levels of various organics
over many years is unknown, utility managers as well
as the general public are becoming more concerned.
To provide adsorption efficiency data, considering the
mix of compounds in drinking water sources and com-
petition for available adsorption sites, granular activat-
ed carbon needed to be investigated in the field under
actual operating conditions. Given this need, several
large field scale research projects were initiated by the
U.S. EPA Drinking Water Research Division, Cincin-
nati, Ohio to investigate the performance of GAC
under varing operating conditions and different source
water. Most of the GAC research effort has been com-
pleted at nine locations (Cincinnati, OH; Manchester,
NH; Jefferson Parish, LA; Evansville, IN; Miami, FL;
Huntington, WVA; Beaver Falls, PA; Passaic, NJ; and
Thornton, CO).
Keywords: "Water treatment, "Odors, "Taste, Trace
elements, Organic compounds, Potable water, Ad-
sorption, Sources, Performance evaluation, Gas chro-
matography,	Graphics(Charts),
Concentration(Composition), "Granular activated
carbon treatment, Flame ionization detectors.
PB84-202712/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Progress in the Prevention and Control of Air Pol-
lution In 1982. Annual rept (Final),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
W. F. Hamilton. Apr 84, 59p
See also PB84-126788.
The report addresses the progress made in the pre-
vention and control of air pollution in 1982. It covers
the areas of air quality trends and monitoring, develop-
ment of air quality criteria and standards, the status of
State Implementation Plans, the control of stationary
and mobile source emissions, enforcement, and litiga-
tion. The report is the annual report of the Administra-
tor of EPA to the Congress in compliance with Sec-
tions 313, 202(b)(4), and 306 of the Clean Air Act, as
amended.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, Trends, Standards,
Exhaust emissions. Industrial wastes, Law enforce-
ment, State government, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, Public health, Mathematical models,
Regulations, "Air pollution abatement, "Air quality,
State Implementation plans, Stationary sources, Moni-
toring, Clean air act.
PB84-203256	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Dye Laser Source of Monochromatic UV-B and
UV-C Radiations for Biological Action Spectros-
copy. Journal article,
Kentucky Univ., Lexington.
J. Calkins, E. Colley, J. Hazle, and M. A. Hannan.
C1983,9p EPA-600/J-83-215
Grant EPA-R-810294
Pub. in Photochemistry and Photobiology, v37 n6
P669-674 1983.
The authors have used a flashiamp driven tunable dye
laser as a radiation source for observing UV-C and UV-
B action spectra of two eukaryotic microorganisms.
The general nature of the irradiation system and vari-
ous operating parameters are described. The laser
produces the high power output required for UV-B
action spectroscopy; it is tunable throughout the UV-B
range with the very narrow bandwidth required for high
resolution action spectra. The peak power density
does not appear to reach the threshold of 'two photon'
biological effects, a concern when using pulsed lasers
for action spectroscopy. The laser is somewhat more
expensive and considerably more difficult to operate
compared with arc-monochrometer systems; it is gen-
erally equal or greater in UV-B power and has distinct
advantages in tunability and bandwidth of the spectral
output. (Copyright (c) 1983 Pergamon Press Ltd.)
Keywords: "Ultraviolet spectroscopy, "Microorga-
nisms, "Solar radiation, Photochemistry, Sunlight, Re-
prints, "Laser spectroscopy.
PB84-203264	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Influence of Floral Optical Properties on the Ultra-
violet Radiation Environment of Pollen. Journal ar-
ticle,
Utah State Univ., Logan.
S. D. Flint, and M. M. Caldwell. c1983, 7p EPA-600/J-
83-212
Grant EPA-R-808167
Pub. in American Jnl. of Botany 70, n9 p1416-14l9
1983.
Pollen in unopened flowers of most species is totally
screened from solar ultraviolet-B radiation by imbricat-
ed petals that are largely opaque to UV-B. Following
flower opening but before another dehiscence, the
anther walls of the species investigated filter out over
98% of the UV-B radiation. Reflectance of UV from
corollas of open flowers does not generally appear to
add significantly to the solar UV-B radiation environ-
ment of pollen.
Keywords: "Pollen, "Solar radiation, "Flowers, Expo-
sure, Ultraviolet spectra, Filters, Optical properties.
Sunlight, Transmittance, Reproduction(Biology)!
Damage assessments, Reprints.
PB84-203272	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of UV-B Radiation on Plants During Mild
Water Stress. II. Effects on Growth, Protein and
Flavonoid Content. Journal article,
Karlsruhe Univ. (Germany, F.R.).
M.Tevini, W. Iwanzik, and A. H.Teramura. C1983, 12p
EPA-600/J-83-210
Grant EPA-R-808035
Prepared in cooperation with Maryland Univ., College
Park.
Pub. in Zeitschrift fuer Pflanzenphysiologie Band 110
S, p459-467 1983.
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and radish (Raphanus
sativus) were grown under several levels of water
stress in a growth chamber programmed with a day-
night rhythm to simulate the diurnal course of tempera-
ture and irradiation. In addition to white light, the seed-
lings received UV-B radiation equivalent to either am-
bient levels in the early spring (control) or levels pre-
dicted to reach the earth's surface with approximately
12% ozone depletion (enhanced UV-B) at the summer
solstice at 49 degrees N latitude. Cotyledon fresh
weight and leaf area were reduced in radish by water
stress and enhanced UV-B. Cucumber cotyledons
were more sensitive to UV-B radiation than radish. This
higher sensitivity might be due to reduced levels of
protective flavonoid compounds in cucumber. Protein
content of radish cotyledons was unaffected by either
treatment. This study indicates that cucumber is one of
the most UV-B sensitive crop species so far identified
with respect to reduced growth and flavonoid content.
Keywords: "Ultraviolet spectra, "Vegetables,
"Tolerances(Physiology), "Water consumption, Sensi-
tivity, Closed ecological systems, Tests, Growth, Pro-
teins, White light, Comparison, Reprints, "Foreign
technology, "Cucumis sativus, Raphanus sativus, Fla-
vonoids.
PB84-203280	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Modulated Lamp System for Solar-UV-B(280-
320nm) Supplementation Studies In the Field.
Journal article,
Utah State Univ., Logan.
M. M. Cadwell, W. G. Gold, G. Harris, and C. W.
Ashurst. c1983,9p EPA-600/J-83-209
Grant EPA-C-808167
Pub. in Photochemistry and Photobiology, v37 n4
P479-485 1983.
Precise control and modulation of fluorescent sun-
lamps are necessary for ecologically valid simulation
of solar UV-B (280-320 nm) radiation enhancement
which would correspond to ozone reduction. A control
system is described which allows lamp omittance to be
modulated over a large dynamic range (50:1), permits
stable lamp operation and starting at low tempera-
tures, and provides a sensitive feedback loop to com-
pensate for both atmospheric conditions, such as
cloud cover, as well as changes in radiant omittance
from the lamps resulting from factors such as tempera-
ture and lamp age. (Copyright (c) 1983 Pergamon
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Ozone, "Fluorescent lamps, "Ultraviolet
radiation, "Air pollution. Solar ultraviolet radiation, As-
sessments, Laboratory equipment, Near ultraviolet ra-
diation, Reprints.
PB84-203512/HSU	CP T02
Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) 1976 Hourly
Area Source Emissions (CDC Format), January 1-
21,1976. Data file,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
A. Busse, and J. H. Novak. 1976, mag tape EPA/DF-
84/009
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. Call NTIS
Computer Products if you have questions. Price in-
cludes documentation PB-293 164, PB-249 613, PB-
250 113 and PB-250 114.
The St. Louis Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS), pro-
vided a comprehensive documentation of regional air
quality, meteorology and pollutant emissions. RAPS in-
volved an average data collection rate in excess of
one million observations per day over a 3 year period
(1974-1977). The overall objective of the Regional Air
Pollution Study (RAPS) was to create a comprehen-
sive research data set to be used in the development,
evaluation and validation of Air Quality Simulation
Models. The RAPS 1976 hourly area source emissions
data are contained on a series of six IBM binary or
eighteen CDC binary tapes. Hourly emissions of the
criteria pollutants (1) total suspended particulate, (2)
sulfur dioxide, (3) nitrogen oxide, (4) total hydrocar-
bons (5) carbon monoxide, as well as fugitive dust and
the breakdown of total hydrocarbon into moles of non-
reactive hydrocarbon, paraffins, olefins, aromatics and
aldehydes are reported for 1989 RAPS grids varying in
size from 1 square kilometer to 100 square kilometers.
The gridded area covers Air Quality Control Region
(AQCR) 70 in entirety. The reported hourly data com-
bines several major categories of area source emis-
sions: river vessels, fugitive dust, highways, railroads,
stationary residential and commercial, off-highway
mobile, stationary industrial sources and airports. The
stationary industrial source category contains the
minor point sources emitting less than 0.01% of a
given pollutant. The complimentary hourly point source
data is available on another series of tapes. State-of-
the-art emission inventory methodologies in 1976 were
used to provide much of the temporal and spatial reso-
lution required for use in Air Quality Simulation Models.
The first file on each tape contains file formats and
record layouts. The second file on each tape contains
grid descriptions; thus each tape may be accessed in-
dependently. This tape covers the time period of Janu-
ary 1-21, 1976. Publications: Regional Air Pollution
Study (RAPS) Emission Inventory Summarization. PB-
293-164/OBE Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS)
Emission Inventory Handbook: Volume 1 PB-249-613/
1SL, Volume 2 PB-250-113/8SL, and Volume 3 PB-
250-114/6SL.
Keywords: "Data file, 'Air pollution control, Models-
simulation, Concentration(Composition), Meteorology,
Mathematical models, Particles, Sulfur dioxide, Nitro-
gen oxides, Magnetic tapes, Missouri, Sources, Resi-
dential buildings, Exhaust emissions, Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide, Dust, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, *Air quality, "EPA region 70, "Saint
Louis(Missouri), "Emission inventories, State of the
art, Total suspended particulates, Fugitive emissions,
Point sources.
PB84-203520/ HSU	CP T02
Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) 1976 Hourly
Area Source Emissions (CDC Format), January 22-
February 11,1976. Data file,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
A. Busse, and J. H. Novak. 1976, mag tape EPA/DF-
84/010
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identity
recording mode by specifying density only. Call NTIS
Computer Products if you have questions. Price in-
cludes documentation PB-293 164, PB-249 613, PB-
250 113 and PB-250114.
The St. Louis Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS), pro-
vided a comprehensive documentation of regional air
quality, meteorology and pollutant emissions. RAPS in-
volved an average data collection rate in excess of
one million observations per day over a 3 year period
(1974-1977). This tape covers the time period of Janu-
ary 22-February 11,1976.
Keywords: "Data file, "Air pollution control, Models-
simulation, Concentration(Composition), Meteorology,
Mathematical models, Particles, Sulfur dioxide, Nitro-
gen oxides, Magnetic tapes, Missouri, Sources, Resi-
dential buildings, Exhaust emissions, Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide, Dust, Industrial wastes. Combus-
tion products, "Air quality, "EPA region 70, "Saint
Louis(Missouri), "Emission inventories, State of the
art. Total suspended particulates, Fugitive emissions,
Point sources.
PB84-203538/HSU	CP T02
Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) 1976 Hourly
Area Source Emissions (CDC Format), February
12-March 3,1976. Data file,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
A. Busse, and J. H. Novak. 1976, mag tape EPA/DF-
84/011
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. Call NTIS
Computer Products if you have questions. Price in-
cludes documentation PB-293 164, PB-249 613, PB-
250 113 and PB-250114.
The St. Louis Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS), pro-
vided a comprehensive documentation of regional air
quality, meteorology and pollutant emissions. RAPS in-
volved an average data collection rate in excess of
one million observations per day over a 3 year period
(1974-1977). This tape covers the time period of Feb-
ruary 12-March 3,1976.
Keywords: "Data file, "Air pollution control, Models-
simulation, Concentration(Composition), Meteorology,
Mathematical models, Particles, Sulfur dioxide, Nitro-
gen oxides, Magnetic tapes, Missouri, Sources, Resi-
dential buildings, Exhaust emissions, Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide, Dust, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, "Air quality, "EPA region 70, "Saint
Louis(Missouri), "Emission inventories, State of the
art, Total suspended particulates. Fugitive emissions,
Point sources.
PB84-203546/HSU	CP T02
Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) 1976 Hourly
Area Source Emissions (CDC Format), March 4-24,
1976. Data file.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
A. Busse, and J. H. Novak. 1976, mag tape EPA/DF-
84/012
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. Call NTIS
Computer Products if you have questions. Price in-
cludes documentation PB-293 164, PB-249 613, PB-
250 113 and PB-250114.
The St. Louis Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS), pro-
vided a comprehensive documentation of regional air
quality, meteorology and pollutant emissions. RAPS in-
volved an average data collection rate in excess of
one million observations per day over a 3 year period
(1974-1977). This tape covers the time period of
March 4-March 24,1976,
Keywords: "Data file, "Air pollution control, Models-
simulation, Concentration(Composition), Meteorology,
Mathematical models, Particles, Sulfur dioxide, Nitro-
gen oxides, Magnetic tapes, Missouri, Sources, Resi-
dential buildings, Exhaust emissions, Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide, Dust, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, "Air quality, "EPA region 70, "Saint
Louis(Missouri), 'Emission inventories, State of the
art, Total suspended particulates, Fugitive emissions,
Point sources.
PB84-203553/HSU	CP T02
Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) 1976 Hourly
Area Source Emission* (CDC Format), March 25-
April 14,1976. Data file.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
A. Busse, and J. H. Novak. 1976, mag tape EPA/DF-
84/013
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. Call NTIS
Computer Products if you have questions. Price in-
cludes documentation PB-293 164, PB-249 613, PB-
250 113 and PB-250114.
The St. Louis Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS), pro-
vided a comprehensive documentation of regional air
quality, meteorology and pollutant emissions. RAPS in-
volved an average data collection rate in excess of
one million observations per day over a 3 year period
(1974-1977). This tape covers the time period of
March 25-April 14,1976.
Keywords: "Data file, 'Air pollution control, Models-
simulation, Concentration(Composition), Meteorology,
Mathematical models, Particles, Sulfur dioxide, Nitro-
gen oxides, Magnetic tapes, Missouri, Sources, Resi-
dential buildings, Exhaust emissions, Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide, Dust, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, 'Air quality, "EPA region 70, "Saint
Louis(Missouri), 'Emission inventories, State of the
art. Total suspended particulates, Fugitive emissions,
Point sources.
PB84-203561/HSU	CPT02
Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) 1976 Hourly
Area Source Emissions (CDC Format), April 15-
May 5,1976. Data file,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
A. Busse, and J. H. Novak. 1976, mag tape EPA/DF-
84/014
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. Call NTIS
Computer Products if you have questions. Price in-
cludes documentation PB-293 164, PB-249 613, PB-
250 113 and PB-250114.
The St. Louis Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS), pro-
vided a comprehensive documentation of regional air
quality, meteorology and pollutant emissions. RAPS in-
volved an average data collection rate in excess of
one million observations per day over a 3 year period
(1974-1977). This tape covers the time period of April
15-May5,1976.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Air pollution control, Models-
simulation, Concentration(Composition), Meteorology,
Mathematical models, Particles, Sulfur dioxide, Nitro-
gen oxides, Magnetic tapes, Missouri, Sources, Resi-
dential buildings, Exhaust emissions, Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide, Dust, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, 'Air quality, *EPA region 70, 'Saint
Louis(Missouri), 'Emission inventories, State of the
art, Total suspended particulates, Fugitive emissions,
Point sources.
PB84-203579/HSU	CP T02
Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) 1976 Hourly
Area Source Emissions (CDC Format), May 6-26,
1976. Data file,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
A. Busse, and J. H. Novak. 1976, mag tape EPA/DF-
84/015
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. Call NTIS
Computer Products if you have questions. Price in-
cludes documentation PB-293 164, PB-249 613, PB-
250113 and PB-250114.
The St. Louis Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS), pro-
vided a comprehensive documentation of regional air
quality, meteorology and pollutant emissions. RAPS in-
volved an average data collection rate in excess of
one million observations per day over a 3 year period
(1974-1977). This tape covers the time period of May
6-May 26,1976.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Air pollution control, Models-
simulation, Concentration(Composition), Meteorology,
Mathematical models, Particles, Sulfur dioxide, Nitro-
gen oxides, Magnetic tapes, Missouri, Sources, Resi-
dential buildings, Exhaust emissions, Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide, Dust, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, 'Air quality, *EPA region 70, 'Saint
Louis(Missouri), 'Emission inventories, State of the
art, Total suspended particulates, Fugitive emissions,
Point sources.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB84-203587/HSU	CP T02
Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) 1976 Hourly
Area Source Emissions (CDC Format), May 27-
June 16,1976. Data file,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
A. Busse, and J. H, Novak. 1976, mag tape EPA/DF-
84/016
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. Call NTIS
Computer Products if you have questions. Price in-
cludes documentation PB-293 164, PB-249 613, PB-
250 113 and PB-250114.
The St. Louis Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS), pro-
vided a comprehensive documentation of regional air
quality, meteorology and pollutant emissions. RAPS in-
volved an average data collection rate in excess of
one million observations per day over a 3 year period
(1974-1977). This tape covers the time period of May
27-June16,1976.
Keywords: 'Data file, * Air pollution control, Models-
simulation, Concentration(Composition), Meteorology,
Mathematical models, Particles, Sulfur dioxide, Nitro-
gen oxides, Magnetic tapes, Missouri, Sources, Resi-
dential buildings, Exhaust emissions, Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide, Dust, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, *Air quality, *EPA region 70, "Saint
Louis(Missouri), "Emission inventories, State of the
art, Total suspended particulates, Fugitive emissions,
Point sources.
PB84-203595/HSU	CP T02
Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) 1976 Hourly
Area Source Emissions (CDC Format), June 17-
July 7,1976. Data file,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
A. Busse, and J, H. Novak. 1976, mag tape EPA/DF-
84/017
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. Call NTIS
Computer Products if you have questions. Price in-
cludes documentation PB-293 164, PB-249 613, PB-
250 113 and PB-250114.
The St. Louis Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS), pro-
vided a comprehensive documentation of regional air
quality, meteorology and pollutant emissions. RAPS in-
volved an average data collection rate in excess of
one million observations per day over a 3 year period
(1974-1977). This tape covers the time period of June
17-July 7,1976.
Keywords: "Data file, "Air pollution control, Models-
simulation, Concentration(Composition), Meteorology,
Mathematical models, Particles, Sulfur dioxide, Nitro-
gen oxides, Magnetic tapes, Missouri, Sources, Resi-
dential buildings, Exhaust emissions, Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide, Dust, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, "Air quality, "EPA region 70, "Saint
Louis(Missouri), "Emission inventories, State of the
art, Total suspended particulates, Fugitive emissions,
Point sources.
PB84-203603/HSU	CP T02
Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) 1976 Hourly
Area Source Emissions (CDC Format), July 8-28,
1976. Data file,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
A. Busse, and J. H. Novak. 1976, mag tape EPA/DF-
84/018
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. Call NTIS
Computer Products if you have questions. Price in-
cludes documentation PB-293 164, PB-249 613, PB-
250 113 and PB-250114.
The St. Louis Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS), pro-
vided a comprehensive documentation of regional air
quality, meteorology and pollutant emissions. RAPS in-
volved an average data collection rate in excess of
one million observations per day over a 3 year period
(1974-1977). This tape covers the time period of July
8-July 28,1976.
Keywords: "Data file, "Air pollution control, Models-
simulation, Concentration(Composition), Meteorology,
Mathematical models, Particles, Sulfur dioxide, Nitro-
gen oxides, Magnetic tapes, Missouri, Sources, Resi-
dential buildings, Exhaust emissions, Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide, Dust, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, "Air quality, "EPA region 70, "Saint
Louis(Missouri), "Emission inventories, State of the
art, Total suspended particulates, Fugitive emissions,
Point sources.
PB84-203611/HSU	CP T02
Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) 1976 Hourly
Area Source Emissions (CDC Format), July 29-
August 18,1976. Data file,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
A. Busse, and J. H. Novak. 1976, mag tape EPA/DF-
84/019
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. Call NTIS
Computer Products if you have questions. Price in-
cludes documentation PB-293 164, PB-249 613, PB-
250 113 and PB-250114.
The St. Louis Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS), pro-
vided a comprehensive documentation of regional air
quality, meteorology and pollutant emissions. RAPS in-
volved an average data collection rate in excess of
one million observations per day over a 3 year period
(1974-1977). This tape covers the time period of July
29-August18,1976.
Keywords: "Data file, "Air pollution control, Models-
simulation, Concentration(Composition), Meteorology,
Mathematical models, Particles, Sulfur dioxide. Nitro-
gen oxides, Magnetic tapes, Missouri, Sources, Resi-
dential buildings, Exhaust emissions, Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide, Dust, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, "Air quality, "EPA region 70, "Saint
Louis(Missouri), "Emission inventories, State of the
art, Total suspended particulates, Fugitive emissions,
Point sources.
PB84-203629/HSU	CP T02
Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) 1976 Hourly
Area Source Emissions (CDC Format), August 19-
September 8, 1976. Data file.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
A. Busse, and J. H. Novak. 1976, mag tape EPA/DF-
84/020
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. Call NTIS
Computer Products if you have questions. Price in-
cludes documentation PB-293 164, PB-249 613, PB-
250 113 and PB-250114.
The St. Louis Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS), pro-
vided a comprehensive documentation of regional air
quality, meteorology and pollutant emissions. RAPS in-
volved an average data collection rate in excess of
one million observations per day over a 3 year period
(1974-1977). This tape covers the time period of
August 19-September 8,1976.
Keywords: "Data file, "Air pollution control. Models-
simulation, Concentration(Composition), Meteorology,
Mathematical models, Particles, Sulfur dioxide, Nitro-
gen oxides, Magnetic tapes, Missouri, Sources, Resi-
dential buildings, Exhaust emissions, Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide, Dust, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, "Air quality, "EPA region 70, "Saint
Louis(Missouri), "Emission inventories, State of the
art, Total suspiended particulates, Fugitive emissions,
Point sources.
PB84-203637/HSU	CP T02
Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) 1976 Hourly
Area Source Emissions (CDC Format), September
9-29,1976. Data file,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
A. Busse, and J. H. Novak. 1976, mag tape EPA/DF-
84/021
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. Call NTIS
Computer Products if you have questions. Price in-
cludes documentation PB-293 164, PB-249 613, PB-
250 113 and PB-250114.
The St. Louis Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS), pro-
vided a comprehensive documentation of regional air
quality, meteorology and pollutant emissions. RAPS in-
volved an average data collection rate in excess of
one million observations per day over a 3 year period
(1974-1977). This tape covers the time period of Sep-
tember 9-September 29,1976.
Keywords: "Data file, "Air pollution control, Models-
simulation, Concentration(Composition), Meteorology,
Mathematical models, Particles, Sulfur dioxide, Nitro-
gen oxides, Magnetic tapes, Missouri, Sources, Resi-
dential buildings, Exhaust emissions, Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide. Dust, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, "Air quality, "EPA region 70, "Saint
Louis(Missouri), "Emission inventories. State of the
art, Total suspended particulates, Fugitive emissions,
Point sources.
PB84-203645/HSU	CP T02
Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) 1976 Hourly
Area Source Emissions (CDC Format), September
30-October 20,1976. Data file,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
A. Busse, and J. H. Novak. 1976, mag tape EPA/DF-
84/022
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. Call NTIS
Computer Products if you have questions. Price in-
cludes documentation PB-293 164, PB-249 613, PB-
250 113 and PB-250 114.
The St. Louis Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS), pro-
vided a comprehensive documentation of regional air
quality, meteorology and pollutant emissions. HAPS in-
volved an average data collection rate in excess of
one million observations per day over a 3 year period
(1974-1977). This tape covers the time period of Sep-
tember 30-October 20,1976.
Keywords: "Data file, "Air pollution control. Models-
simulation, Concentration(Composition), Meteorology,
Mathematical models, Particles, Sulfur dioxide, Nitro-
gen oxides, Magnetic tapes, Missouri, Sources, Resi-
dential buildings, Exhaust emissions, Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide, Dust, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, "Air quality, "EPA region 70, "Saint
Louis(Missouri), "Emission inventories. State of the
art. Total suspended particulates, Fugitive emissions.
Point sources.
PB84-203652/HSU	CP T02
Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) 1976 Hourly
Area Source Emissions (CDC Format), October
21-November 10,1976. Data file,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab.. Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
A. Busse, and J. H. Novak. 1976, mag tape EPA/DF-
84/023
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. Call NTIS
Computer Products if you have questions. Price in-
cludes documentation PB-293 164, PB-249 613, PB-
250 113 and PB-250 114.
The St. Louis Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS), pro-
vided a comprehensive documentation of regional air
quality, meteorology and pollutant emissions. RAPS in-
volved an average data collection rate in excess of
one million observations per day over a 3 year period
(1974-1977). This tape covers the time period of Octo-
ber 21-November 10,1976.
Keywords: "Data file, 'Air pollution control, Models-
simulation, Concentration(Composition), Meteorology,
Mathematical models, Particles, Sulfur dioxide, Nitro-
gen oxides, Magnetic tapes, Missouri, Sources, Resi-
dential buildings, Exhaust emissions, Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide, Dust, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, "Air quality. "EPA region 70, "Saint
Louis(Missouri), "Emission inventories. State of the
art, Total suspended particulates, Fugitive emissions,
Point sources.
PB84-203660/HSU	CP T02
Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) 1976 Hourtv
Area Source Emissions (CDC Format), November
11-December 1,1976. Data file,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. Busse, and J. H. Novak. 1976, mag (ape EPA/DF-
84/024
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. Call NTIS
Computer Products if you have questions. Price in-
cludes documentation PB-293 164, PB-249 613, PB-
250 113 and PB-250 114.
The St. Louis Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS), pro-
vided a comprehensive documentation of regional air
quality, meteorology and pollutant emissions. RAPS in-
volved an average data collection rate in excess of
one million observations per day over a 3 year period
(1974-1977). This tape covers the time period of No-
vember 11 -December 1,1976.
Keywords: "Data file, * Air pollution control. Models-
simulation, Concentration(Composition), Meteorology,
Mathematical models, Particles, Sulfur dioxide, Nitro-
gen oxides, Magnetic tapes, Missouri, Sources, Resi-
dential buildings, Exhaust emissions, Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide, Dust, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, *Air quality, *EPA region 70, "Saint
Louis(Missouri), 'Emission inventories, State of the
art, Total suspended particulates, Fugitive emissions,
Point sources.
PB84-203678/HSU	CP T02
Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) 1976 Hourly
Area Source Emissions (CDC Format), December
2-22,1976. Data file,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
A. Busse, and J. H. Novak. 1976, mag tape EPA/DF-
84/025
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. Call NTIS
Computer Products if you have questions. Price in-
cludes documentation PB-293 164, PB-249 613, PB-
250 113 and PB-250 114.
The St. Louis Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS), pro-
vided a comprehensive documentation of regional air
quality, meteorology and pollutant emissions. RAPS in-
volved an average data collection rate in excess of
one million observations per day over a 3 year period
(1974-1977). This tape covers the time period of De-
cember 2-December 22,1976.
Keywords: 'Data file, *Air pollution control, Models-
simulation, Concentration(Composition), Meteorology,
Mathematical models, Particles, Sulfur dioxide, Nitro-
gen oxides, Magnetic tapes, Missouri, Sources, Resi-
dential buildings, Exhaust emissions, Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide, Dust, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, *Air quality, *EPA region 70, "Saint
Louis(Missouri), 'Emission inventories, State of the
art, Total suspended particulates, Fugitive emissions,
Point sources.
PB84-203686/HSU	CP T02
Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) 1976 Hourly
Area Source Emissions (CDC Format), December
23-31,1976. Data file,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park. NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
A. Busse, and J. H. Novak. 1976, mag tape EPA/DF-
84/026
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. Call NTIS
Computer Products if you have questions. Price in-
cludes documentation PB-293 164, PB-249 613, PB-
250 113 and PB-250 114.
The St. Louis Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS), pro-
vided a comprehensive documentation of regional air
quality, meteorology and pollutant emissions. RAPS in-
volved an average data collection rate in excess of
one million observations per day over a 3 year period
(1974-1977). This tape covers the time period of De-
cember 23-December 31,1976.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Air pollution control, Models-
simulation. Concentration(Composition), Meteorology,
Mathematical models, Particles, Sulfur dioxide, Nitro-
gen oxides, Magnetic tapes, Missouri, Sources, Resi-
dential buildings, Exhaust emissions, Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide, Dust, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, "Air quality, *EPA region 70, 'Saint
Louis(Missouri), 'Emission inventories, State of the
art, Total suspended particulates. Fugitive emissions,
Point sources.
PB84-204072	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Bioaccumulation and Histopathological Effects of
Oil on a Stony Coral. Journal article,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Dept. of Food Science
and Technology.
E. C. Peters, P. A. Meyers, P. P. Vevich, and N. J.
Blake. C1981, 9p EPA-600-J-81-689,, ERLN-353
Grant EPA-R-808954
Prepared in cooperation with University of South Flori-
da, St. Petersburg. Dept. of Marine Science, and Michi-
gan Univ., Ann Arbor. Dept. of Atmospheric and Oce-
anic Science.
Pub. in Marine Pollution Bulletin. v12 n10 p333-339
1981.
Colonies of the shallow-water Caribbean coral Mani-
cina areolata incorporated petroleum hydrocarbons
into their tissues during exposure to water accommo-
dated fractions of No. 2 fuel oil for three months. This
contamination was not removed after depuration peri-
ods of up to two weeks. Although these corals re-
mained alive, evidence of pathological responses was
found which included impaired development of repro-
ductive tissues, degeneration and loss of symbiotic
zooxanthellae, and atrophy of mucous secretory cells
and muscle bundles.
Keywords: 'Coral, 'Fuel, "Toxicology, Aquatic ani-
mals. Exposure, Petroleum, Hydrocarbons, Water, Re-
prints, Manicina areolata, Bioaccumulation, Toxic sub-
stances, Histopathology, "Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB84-204080/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Groundwater Quality Protection: The Issue In Per-
spective. Journal article,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
C. W. Hall. 1984, 8p EPA-600/J-84-025
Pub. in The Environmental Professional, v6 pp46-51
1984.
The importance of protecting groundwater resources
cannot be overstated, and many people throughout
the world seem anxious to physically and financially
support a rational program to this end. Public compla-
cency regarding the quality of groundwater was de-
stroyed with headline-grabbing incidents of pollution
such as Love Canal, Valley of the Drums, and Times
Beach. Contrary to earlier popular belief, the soil
mantle has been shown to be ineffective in cleansing
certain pollutants from the water flowing through it.
The legislative basis for developing and implementing
broad groundwater quality protection programs exists,
although it is dispersed in a variety of pieces of legisla-
tion. Such programs presuppose the existence of the
scientific knowledge necessary to produce viable and
effective results from its implementation.
Keywords: 'Protection, 'Ground water, 'Water pollu-
tion, Soils, Project planning, Hydrology, Potable water,
Hazardous materials, Reprints.
PB84-204098/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Hyperthermia and Hyperthermia Plus
Microwaves on Rat Brain Energy Metabolism.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
A. P. Sanders, and W. T. Joines. 1984,11 p EPA-600/
J-84-024
Pub. in Bioelectromagnetics 5, p63-701984.
The effects of hyperthermia, alone and in conjunction
with microwave exposure, on brain energetics were
studied in anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats.
The effects of temperature on adenosine triphosphate
concentration (ATP) and creatine phosphate concen-
tration (CP) was determined in the brains of rats that
were maintained at 35.6, 37.0, 39.0, and 41.0C brain
(ATP) and (CP) were down 6.0,10.8, and 29.2%, and
19.6,28.7, and 44%, respectively, from the 35.6C con-
trol concentrations. Exposure of the brain to 591-MHz
radiation at 13.8 mW/cm sq for 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0
min caused further decreases (below those observed
for 30C hyperthermia only) of 16.0, 29.8, 22.5, and
12.3% in brain (ATP), arid of 15.6, 25.1, 21.4, and
25.9% in brain (CP) after 0.5,1.0,3.0, and 5.0 min, re-
spectively. Recording of brain reduced nicotinamide
adenine dinucleotide (NADH) fluorescence before,
during, and after microwave exposure showed an in-
crease in NADH fluorescence during microwave expo-
sure that returned to preexposure levels within 1 min
postexposure.
Keywords: 'Hyperthermia, 'Microwaves, Radiation ef-
fects, Heat stress, Rats, Laboratory animals, Brain,
Energy, Metabolism, Reprints, ATP, CP.
PB84-205160/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Chlorobenzene-impaired Lindane Metabolism and
the Effect of Pretreatment with Chlorobenzene,
Lindane, or Chlorobenzene Plus Lindane. Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. W. Chadwick, M. F. Copeland, R. Froehlich, and N.
Cooke. 1983, 14p EPA-600/J-83-208
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health,
12 P599-6101983.
The storage and metabolism of lindane (r-HCH) was
studied in the female rat after the administration of a
hepatotoxic dose of chlorobenzene. Impaired lindane
metabolism was observed following a challenge dose
of 1.12g chlorobenzene/kg. The data indicated that a
hepatotoxic dose of chlorobenzene (CB) selectively
impaired certain pathways, such as dehydrochlorina-
tion and the direct hydroxylation of lindane, to a great-
er extent than others, such as the dehydrogenation
and dechlorination of lindane. Pretreatment with a sub-
toxic level of chlorobenzene produced: (1) significant
increases in the dehydrogenation of lindane, (2) signifi-
cant increase in the excretion of metabolites derived
from the dehydrogenation of lindane through hexach-
lorocylohexene, r-HCCH, (4) significant improvement
in the excretion of metabolites derived from CB-im-
paired dehydrochlorination of lindane as well as from
the CB-impaired hydroxylation of lindane, and (5) sig-
nificant reduction in the level of unaltered lindane
stored in the adipose tissue.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Chlorine organic
compounds, Rats, Laboratory animals, Dosage, Re-
prints, 'Lindane, Cyclohexane/hexachloro, "Chloro-
benzene.
PB84-205178	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Acid Rain and Gaseous Pollutants on
Forest Productivity: A Regional Scale Approach.
Journal article,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
S. B. McLaughlin, T. J. Biasing, L. K. Mann, and D. N.
Duvick. C1983,10p EPA-600/J-83-214
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v33
n11 p1042-1048 1983.
Increased industrialization of the eastern U.S. over the
past several decades has led to regional scale buildup
of atmospheric pollutants and concern over possible
losses in forest productivity within this region. This
paper describes the rationale, methodology, and some
preliminary results of a large regional scale study de-
signed to characterize and quantify forest growth im-
pacts attributable to atmospheric stress from both gas-
eous pollutants and acid rainfall. This research em-
ploys a variety of dendroecological techniques to ex-
amine the influence of climatic factors, tree age, soil
type, competition and air pollution on tree growth. This
broadly collaborative project involves twelve govern-
ment and university research stations working with a
common experimental protocol to examine 50 year
ring-width series from approximately 6000 trees dis-
tributed over an area extending from Maine to North
Carolina and as far west as Missouri. Principal objec-
tives of this research are to determine whether a sys-
tematic pattern of decreasing forest growth has oc-
curred, to define its temporal, spatial, and quantitative
characteristics, to determine its relationship to differ-
ences in soil quality and tree species and to evaluate
its correlation with present and past indices of atmos-
pheric deposition. (Copyright (c) 1983-Air Pollution
Control Association.)
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Industrial wastes, 'Forests,
'Plant growth, Climatology, Soil fertility, Rainfall, Re-
prints, Acid rain, 'Air pollution effects(Plants), 'East-
ern Region(United States).
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB84-205186	Not available NTIS
Protective Mechanisms and Acclimation to Solar
Ultraviolet-B Radiation in 'Oenothera stricta'. Jour-
nal article,
Utah State Univ., Logan.
R. Robberecht, and M. M. Caldwell. C1983,11p EPA-
600/J-83-213
Grant EPA-R-808167
Pub. in Plant, Cell and Environment, 6 p477-485 1983.
Mechanisms of plant protection and acclimation to po-
tentially damaging solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B, 280-320
nm) radiation incident on the Earth's surface were ex-
amined in Oenothera stricta. Attenuation of this radi-
ation in the upper leaf epidermis reduces the penetra-
tion of UV-B radiation to the mesophyll where damage
to physiologically sensitive targets can occur. The epi-
dermis is a highly selective targets can occur. The epi-
dermis is a highly selective radiation filter that can at-
tenuate up to 95% of the incident UV-B radiation and
yet transmit between 70% and 80% of the visible radi-
ation. Photosynthetic rates of leaves exposed to UV-B
radiation were not significantly reduced at dose rates
representative of the radiation flux found in the habitat
of this species, but significant photosynthetic depres-
sion was observed at dose rates that exceed the field
UV-B flux.
Keywords: "Ultraviolet spectra, 'Acclimatization,
"Plants(Botany), Solar radiation, Leaves(Botany), Sen-
sitivity, Exposure, Plant tissues, Damage, Phenols, Op-
tical properties, Ozone, Dosage, Proteins, Compari-
son, Reprints, 'Oenothera stricta, Flavonoids.
PB84-205939/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, OH.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Method
Study 21, Method 611-Haloethers. Final rept. Jan
79-Mar 80,
Monsanto Co., Dayton, OH.
C. R. McMillin, R. C. Gable, J. M. Kyne, R. P. Quill, and
A. D. Snyder. Jun 84,117p EPA-600/4-84-052
Contract EPA-68-03-2633
Described herein are the experimental design and the
results of an interlaboratory study of an analytical
method to detect haloethers in water. The method,
EPA Method 611 - Haloethers, consisted of a liquid/
liquid extraction using methylene chloride, an evapora-
tion step using Kuderna-Danish (K-D) evaporators, a
cleanup procedure using Florisil sorbent, another K-D
evaporation of the fraction from the Florisil column,
and subsequent analysis by gas chromatography
using a halide-specific detector. The six concentration
(three Youden pairs) of spiking solutions used in this
study contained bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether, bis(2-
chloroethyl) ether, bis(2-chloroethyoxy) methane, 4-
chlorophenyl phenyl ether, and 4-bromophenyl phenyl
ether. Six water types were used in the study: distilled,
tap, surface, and three different industrial
wastewaters. Statistical analysis and conclusions in
this report are based on analytical data obtained by 20
collaborating laboratories.
Keywords: 'Halogen organic compounds, 'Ethers,
'Water analysis, Water pollution, Chemical analysis,
Industrial wastes, Solvent extraction, Potable water,
Statistical analysis, Tables(Data), 'EPA method 611,
Ether/(chloroisopropyl), Ether/(chloromethyl), Meth-
ane/bis(chloroethyoxy), Ether/(chlorophenyl-phenyl),
Ether/(bromophenyl)-phenyl.
PB84-206101	Not available NTIS
Comparison of the Pathogenesis of Murine Cyto-
megalovirus in Lung and Liver Following Intraper-
itoneal or Intratracheal Infection. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. K. Selgrade, A. M. Collier, L. Saxton, M. J. Daniels,
and J. A. Graham. c1984,12p EPA-600/J-84-033
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill.
Pub. in Journal of General Virology 65, p515-523 1984.
This study compares the pathogenesis of murine cyto-
megalovirus (MCMV) infections following intraperiton-
eal (I.P.) and intratracheal (I.T.) inoculation. No deaths
were seen in mice given 1,000,000 pfu MCMV I.T.,
whereas 52% mortality occurred among animals given
this dose I.P. This difference in mortality was not due
to different effects on the lung since virus titers in this
organ on progressive days post-infection were similar
for the 2 routes of inoculation and similar, minor histo-
pathologic changes were observed. In contrast, virus
titers in the livers of mice inoculated I.P. were 100 fold
higher than for those inoculated I.T., and histopatholo-
gic changes were noticeably greater in the I.P. group.
Effects on liver function are the most likely explanation
for the mortality seen following I.P. inoculation. Paral-
lels between various forms of human cytomegalovirus
infections and the types of infections seen following
I T. and I.P. MCMV infection were observed.
Keywords: 'Viruses, Pathogenesis, Lung, Liver, Mice,
Laboratory animals, Reprints, 'Murine cytomegalo-
virus, Infections, Histopathology.
PB84-206119/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Antagonism of Chlorobenzene-lnduced Hepato-
toxicity by Lindane. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. W. Chadwick, T. M. Scotti, M. F. Copeland, M. L.
Mole, and R. Froehlich. 1984,16p EPA-600/J-84-032
Pub. in Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 21,
p148-161 1984.
In a 2x2 factorial designed experiment involving chlor-
obenzene and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (lin-
dane), the hepatotoxicity induced by a challenge dose
of chlorobenzene was altered by the pretreatments
due to selective changes in various metabolic path-
ways. These changes resulted in either (1) a marginally
significant decrease in hepatotoxicity (chlorobenzene-
pretreatment); (2) significant reduction in both the inci-
dence and severity of the lesions (lindane-pretreat-
ment): or (3) absence of centrilobular hepatocellular
necrosis in all but 1 of 12 rats where a minimal degree
of necrosis was present (chlorobenzene + lindane-
pretreatment).
Keywords: Chlorine organic compounds, Dosage, Me-
tabolism, Reprints, 'Lindane, "Cydohexane/hexach-
loro, Hepatotoxicity.
PB84-206127	Not available NTIS
Reanalysis and Clarification of the Structures of
alpha-Naphthoflavone Dlhydrodlols Formed by
Uninduced and Induced Rat Liver Microsomes
from Charles River CD and Sprague-Dawley Rats.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. Nesnow, B. J. Bryant, K. Rudo, and R. Easterling.
C1983,9p EPA-600/J-83-218
Pub. in Carcinogenesis, v4 n4 p425-430 1983.
The structures of alpha-naphthoflavone (ANF) dihy-
drodiols formed by uninduced and induced rat liver mi-
crosomes are identified by conversion of the metaboli-
cally formed ANF-dihydrodiols to the corresponding
phenols. Comparison of these phenols with synthetic
standards provides an unambiguous method for struc-
tural identification. The results of these studies are that
hepatic microsomes from uninduced or phenobarbital,
Aroclor-1254, 3-methylcholanthrene, or 5,6-benzofla-
vone induced Sprague-Dawley or Charles River CD
rats each produce a major and a minor ANF-dihydro-
diol identified as ANF-7,8-dihydrodiol and ANF-5,6-di-
hydrodiol, respectively.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Liver neoplasms, 'Metabo-
lism, "Environmental surveys, 'Molecular structure,
Laboratory animals, Rats, Ribosomes, Comparison,
Water pollution, Reprints, "Naphthopyranone/phenyl,
"Benzoflavone, 'Water pollution effects(Animals),
Cancer, Naphthopyranone dihydrodiol/phenyl.
PB84-206135	Not available NTIS
Establishment of Two Rat Hepatoma Cell Strains
Produced by a Carcinogen Initiation Phenobarbi-
tal Promotion Protocol. Journal article,
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC.
D. L. Novicki, R. L. Jirtle, and G. Michalopoulos. c1983,
15p EPA-600/J-83-217
Grant EPA-R-808549
Pub. in Vitro, v19 n3 (Pt 3) p191 -202 March 1983.
Primary tumor formation was induced in a two-thirds
partially hepatectomized rat by a single low dose (70
mg/kg of diethylnitrosamine followed by chronic phe-
nobarbital administration (0.1 g/100 ml drinking water).
The primary tumors fragments into the inguinal region
of syngeneic recipients. The fourth pass was by injec-
tion of tumor cells directly into the livers of recipient
rats. Several weeks later, the tumor containing rat
livers were subjected to collagenase perfusion. Two
cell lines emerged from tissue culture of the cells iso-
lated by perfusion. Each cell line was cloned by serial
dilution. Cells JM1 and JM2 were tumorigenic when in-
jected into syngeneic rats. The tumors, which arose
from injected cells strains, exhibited several character-
istics of hepatocellular carcinoma. Morphology was
examined by light and electron microscopy. Histoche-
mical studies of JM1 and JM2 cells grown in vitro and
in vivo were done. The levels of tyrosine aminotrans-
ferase and three microsomal enzymes of importance
to drug and carcinogen metabolism were investigated.
Keywords: "Drugs, 'Carcinogens, "Toxicology, Rats,
Bioassay, Laboratory animals, Phenobarbital, Re-
prints, "Nitrosamine/diethyl, Protocol, Hepatoma.
PB84-206150	Not available NTIS
Metabolism of alpha-Naphthoflavone by Rat,
Mouse, Rabbit, and Hamster Liver Microsomes.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
H. B. Bergman, B. J. Bryant, and S. Nesnow. C1984,
10p EPA-600/J-84-034
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 72
P469-475 1984.
The metabolism of alpha-naphthoflavone (ANF) was
studied in hepatic microsomes from rats, mice, rabbits,
and hamsters, species in which ANF exerts its biologi-
cal activities. The major metabolites produced by all
species were ANF-5,6-oxide, ANF-6-phenol, and ANF-
7,8-dihydrodiol. Minor metabolites produced by all spe-
cies were ANF-5,6-dihydrodiol, ANF-7-phenol, and
ANF-9-phenol. In general, the total rates of metabo-
lism were similar within all species: 22-32 nmol ANF
metabolized/15 min/mg protein. Mouse liver micro-
somes were approximately 1.7 to 2.9 times as active
as the other species on a nanomole P-450 basis. The
major sites of enzymatic oxidation were the 5,6 and 7,8
bonds of ANF where for all species, 94-71% and 15-
46% of the total metabolism occurred, respectively.
Keywords: "Ribosomes, Rats, Mice, Rabbits, Ham-
sters, Reprints, Metabolites, "Naphthoflavone.
PB84-206259	Not available NTIS
Cadmium-Effected Changes in 'Arabldopsls tha-
liana' (L.) Heynh. Viability and Growth. Journal arti-
cle,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
K. D. Rodecap, P. J. Ernst, and D. T. Tingey. c1981,
11 p EPA-600/J-81 -691
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Corvallis, OR.
Pub. in Arabldopsis Information Service 18, p9-15 Nov
81.
Cadmium is readily accumulated from growth media
and culture solutions by many plant species: concen-
trations are generally higher in roots than in shoots.
Symptoms of cadmium phytotoxicity (direct effects) in-
clude reduced photosynthesis and plant growth, wilt-
ing, chlorosis, red-brown pigment formation in leaf tis-
sues, and stress ethylene evolution. However, little is
known about possible residual effects on the progeny
of plants grown in the presence of cadmium. An Arabi-
dopsis thaiiana (L.) Heynh. life cycle bioassay was de-
veloped to detect the direct and residual phytotoxicity
of chemicals on terrestrial plant systems. To evaluate
the bioassay protocol, Arabidopsis populations (first
generation) were exposed to various concentrations of
CdCI2; the progeny of these populations (second gen-
eration) were then grown and evaluated in a CdCI2-
free environment.
Keywords: "Cadmium, "Toxicology, Viability, Growth
Reprints, 'Arabidopsis thaiiana, Phytotoxicity.
PB84-206267	Not available NTIS
Human Hepatocyte-Medlated Mutagenesis and
DNA Repair Activity. Journal article,
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC.
S. C. Strom, D. L. Novicki, A. Novotny, R. L. Jirtle, and
G. Michalopoulos. C1983,6p EPA-600/J-83-216
Grant EPA-R-808549
Pub. in Carcinogenesis, v4 n6 p683-6861983.
Combined cultures of human hepatocytes and human
fibroblasts constitute a system composed entirely of
normal human cells that can be used to investigate the
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
mutagenicity of chemicals requiring metabolic activa-
tion. Addition of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) to this
system resulted in mutations at the hypoxanthine-gua-
nine phosphoriboribosyltransferase locus of the
human fibroblasts. In separate experiments with cul-
tures of hepatocytes alone, DEN induced unscheduled
DNA synthesis (UDS) in the human hepatocytes. A
comparative analysis of UDS and hepatocyte-mediat-
ed mutagensis indicates a great degree of similarity
between the human and previously studied rat hepato-
cytes in their response to DEN in vitro.
Keywords: * Deoxyribonucleic acid, Humans, Hepato-
cytes, Fibroblasts, Cells(Biology), Metabolism, Re-
prints, "Mutagenesis, Nitrosamine/diethyl.
PB84-206465/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Investigation of Textile Dyebath Reconstltution
and Reuse. Volume 1. Technical Report. Rept. for
Apr 81-Dec 83 on Phase 3,
Sverdrup and Parcel and Associates, Inc., St. Louis,
MO.
J. F. Bergenthal, and A. J. Tawa. May 84,155p EPA-
600/2-84-1OOA
Contract EPA-68-02-3678
See also PB84-206473.
The two-volume report gives results of a detailed ex-
amination of dyebath reconstitution and reuse, one of
several wastewater recycle/reuse technologies allow-
ing textile finishing mills to reduce the volume of
wastewater and the amount of pollutants discharged.
(NOTE: About 80% of these plants discharge their
wastewater to publicly owned treatment works
(POTWs). Most of the wastewater receives little or no
pretreatment before discharge into municipal collec-
tion systems.) This recycle technology is considered
promising for several reasons: significant environmen-
tal benefits, potential for widespread application, low
capital cost, cost savings in textile dyeing, and eco-
nomic attractiveness. Volume 1 gives results of the in-
vestigation at a carpet mill. It gives results of bench-,
pilot-, and full-scale testing, presenting wastewater
data documenting the achieved pollutant reductions. It
addresses the economic feasibility of implementing
the technology full-scale.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Dyeing, "Textile
processes. Industrial waste treatment, Recirculation,
Cost analysis, Feasibility, Economic analysis, Capital-
ized costs, Sewers, Carpets, 'Waste water reuse,
Pretreatment(Water), Publicly owned waste water
treatment.
PB84-206473/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Investigation of Textile Dyebath Reconstltution
and Reuse. Volume 2. Operations Manual. Rept. for
Apr 81-Dec 83 on Phase 3,
Sverdrup and Parcel and Associates, Inc., St. Louis,
MO.
J. F. Bergenthal, and A. J. Tawa. May 84,175p EPA-
600/2-84-100B
Contract EPA-68-02-3678
See also PB84-206465.
The two-volume report gives results of a detailed ex-
amination of dyebath reconstitution and reuse, one of
several wastewater recycle/reuse technologies allow-
ing textile finishing mills to reduce the volume of
wastewater and the amount of pollutants discharged.
(NOTE: About 80% of these plants discharge their
wastewater to publicly owned treatment works
(POTWs). Most of the wastewater receives little or no
pretreatment before discharge into municipal collec-
tion systems.) This recycle technology is considered
promising for several reasons: significant environmen-
tal benefits, potential for widespread application, low
capital cost, cost savings in textile dyeing, and eco-
nomic attractiveness. Volume 2 gives detailed proce-
dures and methods for implementing the technology,
serving as an operations manual for other mills wishing
to investigate the technology.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Dyeing, "Textile
processes, "Manuals, Industrial waste treatment, Re-
circulation. Cost analysis. Feasibility, Economic analy-
sis, Operating, Computer programs, Laboratory equip-
ment, Pilot plants, Assessments, "Waste water reuse,
Pretreatment(Water), Publicly owned wastewater
treatment.
PB84-206S1S/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Review of Recent Research in Indoor Air Quality.
Final rept. Oct 83-Feb 84,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
E. R. Kashdan, J. E. Sickles, and M. B. Ranade. May
84, 183p* RTI/2784/01-01F, EPA-600/2-84-099
Contract EPA-68-02-3170
The report reviews indoor air quality research in an
effort to define the state-of-the-art. Several approach-
es were taken: (1) about 150 recent journal articles,
symposium presentations, and bibliographic reports
were reviewed and are presented in an annotated bib-
liography, arranged by subject; (2) about 30 prominent
researchers in indoor air quality were contacted, and
contacts are summarized; and (3) significant articles
(prior to 1980) were reviewed and are listed in a sepa-
rate unannotated bibliography. The information in the
annotated bibliography and contact summaries is sum-
marized. The report briefly discusses the quality and
apparent deficiencies of the reviewed data base of ar-
ticles, reports, and books.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Bibliographies, Re-
views, Hazardous materials, Residential buildings,
Energy conservation, Heating systems, Ventilation,
Sources, Public health, MathematicaL models, As-
sessments, "Indoor air pollution, "Air quality, State of
the art.
PB84-206523/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Use of Portable Instrumentation for the Monitor-
ing of Fugitive Organic Emissions from Hazard-
ous Waste Incinerators. Final rept. Apr 82-Nov 83,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
C. H. Summers, A. C. Roche, and K. E. Thrun. May 84,
57p EPA-600/2-84-103
Contract EPA-68-02-3627
The report gives results of evaluations and tests of cur-
rently available portable instrumentation used to moni-
tor fugitive organic emissions generated by the trans-
fer and storage of liquid wastes during the operation of
hazardous waste incinerators. Relevant current meth-
odologies were evaluated, and results and recommen-
dations of the evaluations were tested. The evaluation
of current methodologies for portable volatile organic
compound (VOC) monitors, with regard to their appli-
cability in monitoring fugitive organic emissions from
hazardous waste incinerators, was completed and is
documented as Appendix A of the report. The recom-
mendation was to perform a limited field test with two
photoionization analyzers (PIDs) at an operating liquid
waste incinerator. A portable flame ionization detector
(FID) (for which considerable prior data exists) was to
be the reference. Most of the report discusses field
tests of the evaluation results at the Cincinnati Munici-
pal Sewer District's incinerator. Test data indicate that,
for this application, either a PID containing a 10.2 eV
light source or a FID is suitable.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Incinerators, "Port-
able equipment, "Monitors, "Air pollution control, Field
tests, Organic compounds, Leakage, Gas detectors,
Tables(Data), Performance evaluation, Sites, Storage
tanks, Concentration(Composition), * Fugitive emis-
sions, "Volatile organic compounds, "Liquid waste dis-
posal, "Photoionization detectors, "Flame ionization
detectors.
PB84-206531/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Predicting Toxic Waste Concentrations In Com-
munity Drinking Water Supplies: Analysis of Vul-
nerability to Upstream Industrial Discharges,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
J. A. Goodrich, and R. M. Clark. Jun 84,145p* EPA/
600/2-84/112
In February, 1978 the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) proposed amendments to the National
Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations to deal
with the control of chloroform and synthetic organics in
drinking water. In November, 1979 the regulation re-
garding synthetic organics was dropped because of
the difficulty in defining, let alone assessing a commu-
nity's vulnerability. The purpose of this study was to
predict toxic waste concentrations in community drink-
ing water supplies along the Ohio and Kanawha Rivers
between Charleston, West Virginia and- Cincinnati,
Ohio using QUAL-II, a water quality simulation model.
The most important factors to consider in identifying
vulnerable communities are: flow characteristics of the
source of supply, potency and persitance of the pollut-
ants, amount and timing of discharge of pollutants,
storage times of utilities and relative location of point
sources and community intakes.
Keywords: "Chloroform, "Organic compounds, "Toxic-
ity, "Water pollution abatement, Water supply, Hazard-
ous materials, Regulations, Potable water, Stream
flow, Vulnerability, Carcinogens, Metals, Inorganic
compounds, Pesticides, Water storage, Mathematical
models, Ohio River, Kanawba River, West Virginia,
Ohio, "Drinking water, "Point sources, Polychlorinated
biphenyls.
PB84-206S49/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
0,0,0,0-Tetrapropyl Dlthlopyrophosphate Aspon
(Trade Name), Pesticide Registration Standard.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Sep 80,105p EPA-540/RS-80-001
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Standards, "Environmental
surveys, Regulations, Toxicity, Ecology, Marking, Re-
views, Phosphorus organic compounds, Chemical
properties, "Aspon, Dithiopyrophosphoric acid/(tetra-
propyl-ester). Path of pollutants.
PB84-206564/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Fosetyl-AI (Allette) Pesticide Registration Stand-
ard.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jun 83, 34p EPA-540/RS-83/010
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Standards, Regulations, Fun-
?icides, Chemical properties, Toxicity, Exposure,
ables(Data). Chemical reactions, "Registration, "Fo-
setyl-AI, Phosphonic acid/tris(ethyl-ester)aluminum.
PB84-206572/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, OH.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Method
Study 30, Method 625 - Base/Neutrals, Acids and
Pesticides. Project rept. Jan 82-Jun 83,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Jun 84,474p EPA-600/4-84-053
Contract EPA-68-03-3102
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The work which is described in this report was per-
formed for the purpose of validating, through an inter-
laboratory study, Method 625 for the analysis of the
base/neutral, acid, and pesticide priority pollutants.
This method is based on the extraction and concentra-
tion of the various analytes followed by their determi-
nation through gas chromatography using a low reso-
lution mass spectrometer as the measuring device.
Participating laboratories were selected based upon
technical evaluation of proposals and upon the analy-
ses results of prestudy samples. The laboratories were
supplied with ampuls containing various concentra-
tions of the pollutant compounds. These solutions
were aliquoted into four different water types which
were subsequently analyzed according to the appropri-
ate method. In addition to the sample concentrates,
each laboratory was supplied with an industrial effluent
which was used to help determine false positive and
false negative data. The data obtained from the interla-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
boratory study were analyzed employing a series of
computer programs known as the Interlaboratory
Method Validation Study (IMVS) system which was de-
signed to implement ASTM procedure D2777.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, *pH, "Pesticides,
Water analysis, Gas chromatography, Mass spectros-
copy, Sampling, Water pollution, Tables(Data), Sapon-
ification number, Neutralizing, Sediments, "EPA
method 625, 'Water pollution detection, Computer
aided analysis.
PB84-206622	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab,, OR.
Effects of Ultravlolet-B Irradiance on Soybean. V.
The Dependence of Plant Sensitivity on the Pho-
tosynthetlc Photon Flux Density during and After
Leaf Expansion. Journal article,
Maryland Univ., College Park. Dept. of Botany.
R. M. Mirecki, and A. H. Teramura. c1984,9p EPA-
600/J-84-028
Grant EPA-R-808035
See also PB84-102524.
Pub. in Plant Physiology 74, p475-480 1984.
Soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv Essex) were
grown in a green house, and the first trifoliate leaf was
either allowed to expand under a high photosynthetic
photon flux density (PPFD) (1.4 millimoled per square
meter per second) or a low PPFD (0.8 Millimoles per
square meter per second). After full leaf expansion,
plants from each treatment were placed into a factorial
design experiment with two levels of ultraviolet-B (UV-
B) radiation (0 and 80 milliwatts per square meter bio-
logically effective UV-B) and two levels of concomitant
PPFD (0.8 and 1.4 millimoles per square meter per
second) resulting in a total of eight treatments. Meas-
urements of net photosynthesis and the associated
diffusion conductances, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate
carboxylase activity, chlorophyll and flavonoid concen-
trations, and leaf anatomy were examined for all treat-
ments.
Keywords: "Radiation effects, "Plants(Botany), "Soy-
bean plants, Sensitivity, Photosynthesis,
Leaves(Botany), Reprints, Glycine max.
PB84-206630	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Niche Relationships and Population Ecology of
Rainbow (Etheostoma caeruleum) and Fantall (E.
flabellare) Darters in a Temporally Variable Envi-
ronment. Journal article.
North Dakota Univ., Grand Forks.
I. J. Schlosser, and L. A. Toth. C1984,12p EPA-600/J-
84-029
Grant EPA-R-806391
Prepared in cooperation with South Florida Water
Management District, West Palm Beach.
Pub. in Oikos 42, p229-238 1984.
The authors attempted to evaluate the importance of
interspecific competition and fluctuations in stream
flow in determining the relative abundance and spatial
distribution of rainbow (Etheostoma caeruleum) and
fantail (E. flabellare) darters. The species exhibited
considerable overlap in prey types utilized by each
species increased in summer during periods of re-
duced resource availability. Fluctuations in prey avail-
ability had no effect on overlap in prey utilization. The
distribution patterns of the species differed in sub-
strate preference experiments but presence or ab-
sence of congeners did not influence substrate use.
Microhabitat use appeared to be constrained by mor-
phological characteristics of the species. These re-
sults suggest that in ecological time these species vary
in their distribution and abundance independently of
each other.
Keywords: "Fresh water fishes, "Ecology, Competi-
tion, Populations, Abundance, Morphology, Stream
flow, Distribution(Property), Reprints, "Estheostoma
caeruleum, "Estheostoma flabellare, Darters, Habi-
tats, Prey.
PB84-206648	No' available NTIS
Hydroponic Method for Culturing Populations of
Arabidopsis. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
P J Ernst, K. D. Rodecap, and D. T. Tingey. c1981,
11 p EPA-600/J-81-690
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Corvallis, OR.
Pub. in Arabidopsis Information Service 18, p1-8 Nov
81.
A plant life-cycle bioassay using Arabidopsis thaliana
(L.) Heynh, was developed to detect potential chemi-
cal phytotoxicity. The bioassay requires large numbers
of plants to maximize the probability of detecting dele-
terious effect and to avoid any bias that could occur if
only a few individuals are utilized. Therefore, a culture
system was needed which would support large num-
bers of Arabidopsis and also permit the chemical treat-
ment of either plant roots or foliage. Hydroponic tech-
niques are ideally suited because they allow both root
and foliar applications of chemicals. Although various
culture techniques have been developed for Arabidop-
sis, the few hydroponic techniques reported were not
designed to support large plant numbers. This paper
describes a double-container hydroponic plot culture
system. Information on biomass production, moisture
and nutrient distribution within the culture system are
also discussed.
Keywords: "Plants(Botany), "Hydroponics, Bioassay,
Life cycles, Aquaculture, Reprints, "Arabidopsis tha-
liana, Phytotoxicity.
PB84-206887/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Mutagenic Agents,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
S. Green, and K. S. Lavappa. Jun 84, 32p EPA-600/D-
84-152
Prepared in cooperation with Food and Drug Adminis-
tration, Washington, DC. Div. of Toxicology.
A description of some chemicals that are used in
chemotherapy and pyschotherapy is presented in rela-
tion to their mutagenic activity. A comparison of the
mutagenic activity of these pharmaceutical com-
pounds together with some industrial chemicals is also
made to understand their relationship with teratogeni-
city and carcinogenicity. The majority of these chemi-
cals exhibited a good correlation between mutagenic-
ity, carcinogenicity, and teratogenicity.
Keywords: "Mutagens, "Drugs, Comparison, Chemo-
therapy, Psychotherapy.
PB84-206929/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Particulate Data Reduction (PADRE) System Ref-
erence Manual. Final rept. Jun 81-Apr 83,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
W. M. Yeager, and E. E. Tatsch. Jun 84,110p EPA-
600/8-84-017
Contract EPA-68-02-3146
The report describes how to access and use the Par-
ticulate Data Reduction (PADRE) System, an interac-
tive computer program that facilitates entry, reduction,
and analysis of cascade impactor data for particle size
distributions. It also summarizes its logic and capabili-
ties. The program narrative describes all calculations
and algorithms and all messages produced by the
system. PADRE was developed to ensure the quality
of data included in the Fine Particle Emissions Infor-
mation Systems (FPEIS), a component of the Environ-
mental Assessment Data Systems (EADS). Users con-
trol the logical flow through the system in response to
prompts from the program. PADRE can be used to
store, review, edit, and analyze data and, through a va-
riety of data checks, to identify invalid or suspect data.
Impactor stage cut points are calculated, and cumula-
tive and differential mass concentrations are deter-
mined and interpolated to standard diameters.
Keywords: "Particle size distribution, "Air pollution,
"Information systems. "Manuals, Assessments, Com-
puter programming. Computer programs, Comparison,
"Cascade impactors, "Particulate data reduction
system.
PB84-207067/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Feasibility of Ultrasonic and Other Methods for
Direct Measurement of Condenser Blofoullng.
Final rept. Aug 80-Oct 82,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
C R. Reeves, W. S. Seames, and S. L. Winton. May
84, 97p EPA-600/7-84-062
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
The report gives results of a literature review and labo-
ratory studies of the potential of ultrasonic and other
methods for in-situ measurement of biofouling on heat
transfer surfaces (e.g., tubes) of electric utility steam
condensers. Detection of the presence of biofouling in
steam condensers is important for maintaining maxi-
mum heat transfer efficiency and minimizing the addi-
tion of chlorine (used to control biofouling) to meet dis-
charge regulations. Literature relating to current indus-
trial practices and research underway was searched to
develop indirect and in-situ methods of biofouling
measurement. Most methods are not sensitive enough
to detect biofouling in its early stages, when it is easi-
est to control. A preliminary assessment indicated that
this shortcoming might be avoided, using ultrasonics.
An evaluation of the sensitivity of ultrasonic methods
for this application confirmed the possible feasibility of
this approach, but a number of questions were raised
because of the lack of testing with the specific equip-
ment needed, as well as the lack of acoustic property
data on biofouling.
Keywords: "Electric power generation, "Ultrasonic fre-
quencies, Feasibility studies, Fouling, "Biofouling, Bio-
deterioration, "Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB84-207232	Not available NTIS
Growth Response in Radish to Sequential and Si-
multaneous Exposures of N02 and S02. Journal
article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
W. E. Hogsett, S. R. Holman, M. L. Gumpertz, and D. T.
Tingey. c1984,25p EPA-600/J-84-027
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Corvallis, OR.
Pub. in Environmental Pollution (Series A) 33, p303-
3251984.
Sequential and simultaneous exposures of radish Ra-
phanus sativus L. cv. Cherry Belle to 0.8 microliters per
liter nitrogen dioxide (N02) and 0.8 microliters per liter
sulphur dioxide (S02) were conducted under both day-
and night-time conditions to examine the effects on
growth and development. Plants were exposed for 2 h
per week over the four-week growing period. Frequent
harvests at regular intervals were utilised for determi-
nation of the growth analysis functions. Sequential ex-
posure to the two pollutants had no effect on growth
compared with the charcoal-filtered air controls. The
simultaneous exposure to the gases significantly re-
duced plant growth. The relative growth rate was re-
duced throughout the growing period apparently influ-
enced by a reduced net assimilation rate. The parti-
tioning of the available assimilate was altered to favor
leaf growth at the expense of hypocotyl development.
Night-time simultaneous exposures also altered
growth progress but to a lesser degree than exposures
during the day.
Keywords: "Nitrogen dioxide, "Sulfur dioxide,
"Plants(Botany), "Toxicology, Exposure. Growth, Re-
sponses. Reprints, Raphanus sativus. Radishes. "Air
pollution effects(Plants).
PB84-207547/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Estimation of the Dally Food Intake Based on
Data from the 1977-1978 USDA (U.S. Department
of Agriculture) Nationwide Food Consumption
Survey,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
C. B. Nelson, and Y. Y. Yang. May 84,36p EPA-520/1 -
84-015
EPA has used data from the U.S. Department of Agri-
culture's 1977-78 Nationwide Food Consumption
Survey to estimate the daily intake of different food
classes which can be used for the assessment of envi-
ronmental radionuclide intake through food consump-
tion. Foods were classified by categories for which
concentrations of radioactivity can be measured or
calculated and which comprise significant dietary
intake. The daily intake of each food subclass estimat-
ed for the U.S. population and for subpopulation classi-
fied according to their geographical (census) charac-
teristics.
Keywords: "Food consumption, "Radioactive iso-
topes, Diets, Surveys.
PB84-2075S4/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Management Information and Data Systems Div.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Environ-
mental Modeling Catalogue: Abstracts of Environ-
mental Models.
Systems Architects, Inc., Randolph, MA.
Aug 82,421 p*
Contract EPA-68-01 -4723
The Environmental Modeling Catalogue represents a
part of EPA's efforts to establish communication and
share information among researchers interested in
modeling applications ana techniques.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Environmental
surveys, Air pollution, Economic models, Noise pollu-
tion, Radioactive contaminants, Water pollution,
Runoff, Air quality models, Water quality models, Toxic
substances.
PB84-207562/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Environ-
mental Data Base and Model Directory. Volume 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Library Systems and Services.
Jul 83, 63p*
See also Volume 2, PB84-207570.
Volume 1 of the EPA Environmental Data Base and
Model Directory consists of the following indexes:
Names of Data Bases, Names of Models, Index of Or-
ganizations, Names of Discontinued Data Bases, and
Names of Discontinued Models. The brief description
of data bases and models that appear within each of
the indexes points to the specific page in Parts 1 and 2
of Volume 2 that contain a complete descriptive record
of that data base or model.
Keywords: 'Directories, 'Environmental surveys, 'In-
formation systems, 'Mathematical models,
Indexes(Documentation), 'Data bases.
PB84-207570/HSU	PC A99/MF E07
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Environ-
mental Data Base and Model Directory. Volume 2.
Parts 1 and 2.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Library Systems and Services.
Jul 83, 1633p*
See also Volume 1, PB84-207562.
Part 1 of Volume 2 begins with the National Institutes
of Health/Environmental Protection Agency (NIH/
EPA) Chemical Information System's (Accession No.
2209000905) on page 1 and runs through the Mussell
Watch data base (Accession No. 6408000201) on
page 810. Part 2 of Volume 2 begins with the Coastal
Environmental Assessment Studies on page 812 and
runs through the Agricultural Watershed Runoff Model
on page 1625.
Keywords: 'Directories, 'Environmental surveys. 'In-
formation systems, 'Mathematical models, 'Data
bases.
PB84-207638/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Impacts of Coal Combustion on Trace Elements in
the Environment: Wisconsin Power Plant Impact
Study,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison.
P. A. Helmke, W. P. Robarge, M. B. Schoenfield, P.
Burger, and R. D. Koons. Jun 84,114p EPA-600/3-84-
070
Grant EPA-R-803971
Prepared in cooperation with Madison Gas and Elec-
tric Co., Wl„ Wisconsin Public Service Corp., Green
Bay, Wisconsin Public Service Commission, Madison,
and Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources, Madison.
The impact of a modern coal-fired generating station
on the environment, with emphasis on the concentra-
tions and behavior of elements and the disposal of fly
ash, was determined by analysis of aerosolic dust, oak
leaves, aquatic organisms, water, fly ash, and coal.
The major analytical techniques used were neutron ac-
tivation analysis, x-ray fluorescence analysis, atomic
absorption spectrophotometry, electron microscopy,
and x-ray diffraction. Calcium, Ba, B, and Th concen-
trations were relatively high in the fly ash produced.
When mixed with water, the fly ash reacts to form a
cement-like material that includes pozzolanic mineral
phases that were identified by x-ray diffraction and
electron microscopy. Aerosolic dust collected in fallout
buckets was enrined with Br, Hg, Sb, Se, Th, U, and
Zn. Of the organisms tested, Asellus racovitzai and
Odanata were most suitable for monitoring ecosystem
trace element fluxes. Barium, Cr, Sc, and possibly Sb
concentrations were higher in specimens of these or-
ganisms exposed to the ash effluent than in control
specimens. These increases cannot be attributed to
seasonal variability, sample contamination or differ-
ences in specimen size and are therefore thought to
result from exposure of the organisms to ash effluent.
Potential effects of fly ash from the Columbia Generat-
ing Station or other aerosolic dust on the concentra-
tions of elements in oak leaves could not be detected.
Keywords: 'Trace elements, 'Electric power plants,
"Chemical analysis, "Environmental surveys, *X ray
diffraction, 'Electron microscopy. Industrial wastes.
Fly ash, Solid waste disposal, Microorganisms, Ecolo-
gy, Dust, Sampling, Water pollution, Plants(Botany),
Leaves,	Combustion	products,
Concentration(Composition), Aerosols, Metals, Aquat-
ic animals, 'Coal fired power plants, 'Air pollution de-
tection, Ecosystems.
PB84-207646/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, OH. Quality Assurance Branch.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Method
Study 17, Method 607 (Nitrosamines). Final rept.
Sep 78-Dec 81,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
J. D. Millar, R. E. Thomas, and H. J. Schattenberg. Jun
84,74p EPA/600/4-84/051
Contract EPA-68-03-2606
This report describes the results obtained and data
analyses from an interlaboratory evaluation of EPA
Method 607 (Nitrosamines). The method is designed
to analyze for three nitrosamines, N-nitrosodimetnyla-
mine, N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine, and N-nitroso-di-
phenylamine, in water and wastewater. The study
design required the analyst to dose six waters with
each of six mixtures of the three nitrosamines. The six
dosing levels represented three Youden pairs, one
each at a low, an intermediate, and a high level. A total
of 17 laboratories participated in the study. The
method was studied to estimate the accuracy and pre-
cision that can be expected, including effects on the
accuracy and precision of analysts of different matri-
ces. In addition, results of method detection limit and
analytical curve studies and qualitative assessments
of the method based upon comments by the participat-
ing laboratories are included.
Keywords: 'Nitroso compounds. "Amines, "Water
analysis, 'Water pollution, Industrial wastes, Chemical
analysis, Radioactive contaminants, Sediments, Pota-
ble water, Surface waters, Comparison, Sampling,
Concentration(Composition), *EPA method 607,
'Water pollution detection, Amine/N-nitroso-dimethyl,
Amine/N-nitroso-dipropyl, Amine/N-nitroso-diphenyl.
PB84-207653/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Requirements for Interim Registration of Pesti-
cide Products Containing Aldicarb as the Active
Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Mar 84,148p* EPA-540/RS-84-001
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how lo regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Standards, 'Environmental
surveys, Labels, Hazardous materials, Regulations,
Physical properties, Chemical properties, Storage,
Toxicology, Bibliographies, Carbamates, Packaging,
'Registrations, 'Federal insecticide fungicide and ro-
denticide act, 'Temik, Propionaldehyde/methyl-(meth-
ylthio)-(methy/carbamoyl)-oxime.
PB84-207661/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Survey of the Toxicity and Chemical Composition
of Used Drilling Muds.
New England Aquarium, Boston, MA. Edgerton Re-
search Lab.
Jun 84, 125p* EPA-600/3-84-071
Grant EPA-R-806776
Chemical characterization and toxicity of oil drilling
fluids were investigated by the Edgerton Research
Laboratory from 1 October 1979 to August 1983 as
part of a comprehensive research program sponsored
by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to
determine fate and effects of such fluids in the marine
environment. Drilling muds used in the research were
supplied by the EPA, the Petroleum Equipment Suppli-
ers Association (PESA), and the American Petroleum
Institute (API). The drilling muds were designated 'May
15,' 'May 29, 'Sept. 4,' Exxon,' 'Gilson,' 'Mobile Bay,'
'Jay Field,' and 'PESA.' Investigations during the first
year centered on the chemical composition and the
acute toxicity of drilling muds, and the effects of drilling
muds on the recruitment of benthic organisms. In the
second year, studies focused on toxicity testing with
planktonic copepods, chemical characterization of the
toxicity test phases, bioaccumulation studies, and the
effects of muds on larval and adult benthic organisms.
Investigations during the third and fourth year exam-
ined sublethal effects of drilling fluids on clam larvae,
trace metal and organic constituents in both drilling
fluids and toxicity test-phases, and the preliminary de-
velopment of a drilling fluid solid phase toxicity test.
Keywords: 'Drilling fluids, 'Toxicity, 'Chemical analy-
sis, "Oil wells, 'Water pollution, 'Offshore drilling, Sur-
veys, Metals, Clams, Trace elements, Environmental
impacts, Organic compounds, Sea water, Sediments,
Fertilization, Estuarines, Concentration(Composition),
Laboratory equipment, Field tests, Exposure, Centri-
fuging, Benthos, 'Water pollution effects(Animals),
'Water pollution effects(Plants), Path of pollutants,
Ecosystems, Cancer.
PB84-207679/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Results of the First Two Years of Commercial Op-
eration of an Organlc-Acld-Enhanced FGD (Flue
Qas Desulfurlzation) System. Final rept. Apr 82-Apr
84,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
R. L. Glover, G. E. Brown, J. C. Dickerman, and O. W.
Hargrove. Jun 84,66p RAD-83-203-001-53-19, EPA-
600/7-84-065
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
The report documents the first 2 years (1982 and
1983) of commercial operation of the dibasic acid
(DBA) system at Springfield's Southwest Power Plant
(SWPP), during which SWPP averaged an S02 emis-
sion rate of less than 1.0 lb S02/million Btu. (NOTE:
EPA has sponsored research to develop organic-acid-
enhanced flue gas desulfurization (FGD) technology
for existing and new coal burning facilities. A 1981
EPA-sponsored demonstration program at SWPP,
near Springfield, MO, showed that adipic acid and DBA
greatly enhanced FGD performance. SWPP has con-
tinued to use DBA to comply with the 1971 S02 emis-
sions standard under which they are regulated. Thus,
SWPP became the first commercial-scale system to
use an organic additive to enhance S02 removal). At
SWPP in 1980 (before DBA addition), SWPP averaged
about 5 lb S02/million Btu. FGD system reliability was
also greatly improved, averaging 97.9% in 1982 and
98.7% in 1963, compared to 45% in 1980. The S02/
02 continuous emissions monitoring system also
showed excellent reliability, exceeding 97%. Overall,
DBA has increased the flexibility of the SWPP system
and, most importantly, allowed SWPP to operate in
compliance.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Dibasic organic
acids, 'Sulfur dioxide, Flue gases, Electric power
plants, Performance evaluation, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Additives, Flue gas desulfuriza-
tion, Continuous emission monitoring systems.
PB84-207687/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Combined Sewer Overflow Toxic Pollutant Study.
Final rept.,
Jordan (Edward C.) Co., Inc., Portland, ME.
M. A. Crawford. Apr 84,212p EPA/440/1 -84/304
Contract EPA-68-01 -6675
The purpose of this study is to document the occur-
rence, concentration, mass, and source of priority toxic
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
pollutants in combined sewer flows (CSF). CSF, com-
bined sewer overflow, first flush flow, runoff, and pre-
cipitation samples were collected in eight drainage
areas and analyzed for specified conventional and
nonconventional pollutants and for priority toxic pollut-
ants. Twenty-two storm events were sampled. Back-
ground dry weather flow, tap water, and sediment sam-
ples were also collected in the eight drainage areas
and analyzed for the same pollutants that the wet
weather samples were analyzed for.
Keywords: "Combined sewers, "Overflows, "Sewage
treatment, Concentration(Composition), Storm
sewers,	Storm	water	runoff,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Sites, Sampling, Runoff,
"Toxic substances, "Water pollution sampling, Storm
water drainage, Path of pollutants, Publicly owned
wastewater treatment.
PB84-207828/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Cost and Performance Models for Electrostatical-
ly Stimulated Fabric Filtration. Final rept. Jul 82-Jan
83,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A. S. Viner, and B. R. Locke. May 84,111p EPA-600/8-
84-016
Contract EPA-68-02-3170
Prepared in cooperation with Naval Surface Weapons
Center, Dahlgren, VA.
The report gives results of a survey of the literature on
performance models for pulse-cleaned fabric filters.
Each model is evaluated for its ability to predict aver-
age pressure drop from pilot plant data. The best
model is chosen and used, in conjunction with pres-
sure drop reduction data from an electrostatically stim-
ulated fabric filter (ESFF) pilot plant, to produce a
model of ESFF performance. The accuracy of the
models is limited by their primitive nature and the size
of the pulse-jet performance data base. Where the
baghouse, dust, and fabric to be modeled are very
similar to the pilot plant from which the model was de-
veloped, the model should perform adequately for
comparison between ESFF and non-ESFF baghouses.
Published correlations relating equipment size and
cost are used in a model for predicting the capital and
operating costs of conventional pulse-jet baghouses.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Mathe-
matical models, Performance evaluation, Pilot plants,
Electrostatics, Cost estimates, Air filters, Dust control,
Capitalized costs, Operating costs, Comparison, Com-
puter programs, "Fabric filters, Baghouses.
PB84-208099	Not available NTIS
Species Specificity of Giant Nerve Fiber Conduc-
tion Velocity in Oligochaetes. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
C. D. Drewes, C. A. Callahan, and W. M. Fender.
C1983,10p EPA-600/J-83-211
Prepared in cooperation with Iowa State Univ., Ames.
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Zoology, v61 n12 p2688-2694
1983.
Giant nerve fiber conduction velocities were studied
using noninvasive electrophysiological recording tech-
niques in adults from 12 species of oligochaetes, rep-
resenting five different families. Two separate and
stereotyped all-or-none response patterns to tactile
stimulation (corresponding to medial and lateral giant
fiber spike responses) were observed in all 12 species,
suggesting that this functional dichotomy has been a
conserved feature in the evolution of oligochaete
escape reflexes. The results indicate that there is con-
siderable species specificity with respect to medial and
lateral giant fiber conduction velocities, which may
derive from species differences in genetically deter-
mined limits in the radial growth of the giant fibers.
Keywords: "Electrophysiologic recording, "Worms,
Responses, Reprints, Noninvasive tests, "Oligo-
chaetes, "Nerve fibers.
PB84-208107/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Relative Sensitivity of 'Chlronomus tentans Life
Stages to Copper. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A V Nebeker, M. A. Cairns, and C. M. Wise. 1984,10p
EPA-600/J-84-031
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v3
p151-158 1984.
The four larval instars of the midge Chironomus ten-
tans Fabricius were exposed to copper to determine
their relative sensitivities. The impact of copper on
adult emergence and effect of exposure time on LC50
values were also determined. First-instar larvae ap-
peared to be the most sensitive to acute exposure,
with a 96-h LC50 of 298 micrograms/L copper, fol-
lowed by second-instar (LC50-773 micrograms/L),
third-instar (LC50=1690 micrograms/L) larvae, at a
water hardness of 71 to 84 mg/L. Adults emerged suc-
cessfully from fourth-instar larvae and pupae that sur-
vived 20-D copper exposures of up to 235 micro-
grams/L: the 20-day EC50 was 77.5 micrograms/L.
Methods for continuous culture of C. tentans in a flow-
through rearing facility using Cerophyl, a commercially
available powdered grass product, as food and sub-
strate are presented.
Keywords: "Copper, "Toxicology, Larvae, Diptera,
Sensitivity, Exposure, Lethal dosage, Reprints, Heavy
metals, Chironomus tentans, "Water pollution
effects( Animals).
PB84-208115	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Regional Application of an Index of Biotic Integri-
ty Based on Stream Fish Communities. Journal ar-
ticle,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Ecology,
Ethology and Evolution.
K. D. Fausch, J. R. Karr, and P. R. Yant. C1984,20p
EPA-600/J-84-030
Grants EPA-R-806391, EPA-R-810745
Pub. in Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
113, p39-55 1984.
The recently proposed index of biotic integrity (IBI) was
evaluated for several watersheds throughout the mid-
western United States. Five of the community metrics
comprising the IBI depend on the number of fish spe-
cies present and must be adjusted for changes in ex-
pected species richness with stream size or zoogeo-
graphy. The authors use basic relationships of fish
species richness versus stream size, calculated from
historical fish community data for seven watersheds,
to define lines of maximum species richness. These
lines are used to predict attributes of 'excellent' fish
communities, the basis of comparisons for assigning
scores to 5 of 12 IBI metrics. When zoogeographic and
stream-size factors were accounted for in assigning
scores, the IBI accurately reflected watershed and
stream conditions. As partial tests of the IBI, the au-
thors found that the index conforms to knowledge of
biologists familiar with several watersheds, is inde-
pendent of stream order in homogeneous watersheds,
and isn't biased upwards in generally degraded water-
sheds. (Copyright (c) by the American Fisheries Socie-
ty 1984.)
Keywords: "Fishes, "Streams, "Water pollution, Geog-
raphy, Streams, Assessments, Monitoring, Size deter-
mination, Indicator species, Abundance, Comparison,
Illinois, Kentucky, Michigan, Nebraska, Tables(Data),
Reprints, Trophic level.
PB84-208784/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
State Participation In the Superfund Remedial
Program.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Feb 84,379p* HW-15
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Com-
pensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (PL 95-910) estab-
lishes requirements for State participation in remedial
activities undertaken by the Federal government. Spe-
cifically, the Act requires States to enter into a 'con-
tract or cooperative agreement' with the President
(EPA, as the responsible agency) prior to undertaking
any remedial action. These required agreements pro-
vide a mechanism for State participation in the remedi-
al action and are used to obtain the assurances re-
quired in the Act. Policies and procedures governing
the development, execution and administration of
these agreements are explained in this document. The
manual itself has been designed to function as a hand-
book for the use of staff who deal with remedial re-
sponse agreements. It summarizes, in one central ref-
erence, agency regulations, directives, and proce-
dures which apply to such agreements.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Handbooks, State
government, Regulations, Management planning, Law
enforcement, "Superfund program, Comprehensive
Environmental Response Compensation and Liability
of 1980
PB84-209089/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Potential Exposure of Apple Thinners to Azln-
phosmethyl and Comparison of Two Methods for
Assessment of Hand Exposure. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. E. Davis, E. R. Stevens, and D. C. Staiff. 1983, 9p
EPA-600/J-83-219
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 31, p631-638 1983.
To establish the time that must be allowed to elapse
before workers can safely re-enter a crop that has
been sprayed with a pesticide, one must be able to es-
timate the hazard associated with working in the crop
at any particular time after application of the pesticide.
The acute hazard for such re-entry can be estimated
by monitoring workers to determine the potential
dermal and respiratory exposures they receive. Then,
using toxicity data from laboratory animal studies, one
can arrive at an estimate for the percent of an acute
lethal dose of the pesticide that a worker can be ex-
pected to receive during a normal day's work
(DURHAM & WOLFE 1962, DAVIS et al. 1982a). A re-
cently postulated system also allows one to be deter-
mined whether or not it is safe for a worker to receive
the observed level of exposure for an entire working
season.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Spraying, "Farm crops, "En-
vironmental surveys, "Industrial medicine, Hazardous
materials, Exposure, Respiratory system, Skin dis-
eases, Air pollution, Toxicology, Comparison, Assess-
ments, Phosphorodithioates, Insecticides, Reprints,
"Occupational safety and health, "Azinphosmethyl.
PB84-209097/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Brief Review of Planned R and D (Research and
Development) in the LIMB (Limestone Injection
Multistage Burner) Development Program,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
S. L. Rakes. Jun 84,14p EPA-600/D-84-164
The paper is a brief review of work planned and work
underway in support of the Limestone Injection Multis-
tage Burner (LIMB) development effort. A detailed de-
scription of the equipment used in the Innovative Fur-
nace in-house effort is given. Work plans for contracts
and a cooperative agreement with Acurex Corporation,
Energy and Environmental Research Corporation, and
Southern Research Institute covering internally staged
burner work, fundamental combustion research,
staged fuel NOx reduction, tangential-fired furnace
pilot project, and LIMB particulate emissions are re-
viewed. The in-house work on limestone properties
and reactivity and sorbent properties/fundamental
chemistry is mentioned. The planned 'super sorbents'
and graphite drop-tube furnace work are covered. No
results are discussed. Mention is made of lime-based
sorbents with surface area of over 60 sq m/g as meas-
ured by a B.E.T. unit using N2 as the absorbed gas.
Tests on furnaces ranging in size from 2.9 W to 29 MW
are planned. Particle size distributions of total furnace
emissions, before control devices, in the 0.1 microme-
ter range are to be measured. Reduction of both SOx
and NOx is one goal of the effort.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Nitrogen
oxides, "Furnaces, Sorbents, Reaction kinetics, Parti-
cles, Sulfur dioxide, Performance evaluation, Injection,
Particle size distribution, Burners, "Limestone injection
multistage burners.
PB84-209105/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Cyanuric Acid, a Chlorine Stabilizer, on
Trlhalomettiane Formation,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati
OH.
C. M. Feldstein, J. Rickabaugh, and R. J. Miltner. Jun
84, 22p EPA-600/D-84-167
Prepared in cooperation with Cincinnati Univ., OH.
Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering.
Cyanuric acid, used commonly in swimming pools to
stabilize chlorine, was investigated in an attempt to
control trihalomethane (THM) formation in filtered river
water. At 7.5:1 molar ratio, applied cyanuric acid to ap-
plied chlorine, THM formation was reduced by 29 per
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
cent. The reduction diminished with decreasing molar
ratio and increasing pH, both of which promoted higher
free chlorine residuals. A model was employed to dif-
ferentiate between free chlorine and chlorinated iso-
cyanurates. At 7.5:1 in bromide-spiked water, THM for-
mation was reduced only 9 per cent and formation of
brominated THM species was favored; increasing
molar ratio favored increasing bromoform formation.
The data could be explained, in part, by the classical
haloform reaction. Cyanuric acid probably holds little
promise for THM control in drinking water treatment.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Disinfectants, 'Potable
water, Stability, Chlorination, Rivers, Filtration, 'Chem-
ical treatment, 'Halomethanes, 'Cyanuric acid.
PB84-209113/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Urban Scale Variations of Turbulence Parameters
and Fluxes,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J. K. S. Ching, J. M. Godowitch, J. F. Clarke, and A. H.
Auer. Jun 84, 51 p EPA-600/D-84-166
Prepared in cooperation with Wyoming Univ., Laramie.
Dept. of Atmospheric Science.
Sensible, (H), and latent, (LE), heat fluxes and turbu-
lence statistics in St. Louis, Missouri and the surround-
ing region are presented. The urban-scale analyses
were derived from a series of aircraft transects at 150
m above ground across the metropolitan area during
the afternoon convective period. The results revealed
that H varied by a factor of two to four in the region; the
largest values were associated with the urban heat
island. LE varied by a factor of four, but low values of
LE overlayed the urban heat island. Consequently, the
Bowen Ratio, (H/LE), varied from 1.5 over the city to
values less than 0.2 in nonurban areas. The areas
along the Mississippi River and adjacent lowlylng
marshland northeast of the downtown area displayed
smallest values of H and Bowen Ratio. The derived
surface heat storage term (G) for this area as well as
for the urban area exceeded either H or LE. The
boundary layer over the river area is thus in a state of
nonequilibrium.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Atmospheric motion, Urban
areas, Turbulence, Missouri, 'Air quality,
Convection(Atmospheric), Urban heat islands, Saint
Louis(Missouri), Atmospheric dispersion, Atmospheric
boundary layer.
PB84-209378/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Community Relations In Superfund: A Handbook
(Interim Version).
ICF, Inc., Washington, DC.
Sep 83,132p* EPA/HW-6
Contract EPA-68-02-3669
This handbook serves as program guidance to EPA
Regional Offices and states for conducting community
relations activities in the Superfund program. The Su-
perfund community relations program encourages
two-way communication between communities affect-
ed by releases of hazardous substances and agencies
responsible for cleanup actions. The program attempts
to provide communities with accurate information
about problems posed by releases of hazardous sub-
stances; at the same time, it gives local officials and
citizens the opportunity to comment on and provide
input to technical solutions to site problems. The hand-
book presents guidelines for developing community re-
lations programs for removal actions and remedial ac-
tions. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages
of various activities that may be included in a commu-
nity relations program. The handbook explains the ad-
ministrative requirements for the program. Guidance
on managing community relations activities during en-
forcement actions will be added to the handbook at a
later date. Appendix A discusses how to draft commu-
nity relations plans and presents examples of commu-
nity relations plans for removal and remedial actions.
Appendix B provides guidance on how to conduct on-
site discussions with local officials and citizens and on
how to assess community concerns on the basis of
these discussions.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Handbooks, 'Solid
waste disposal, Community relations, National govern-
ment, Sites, Urban areas, Public opinion, Assess-
ments, 'Superfund program, 'Waste management.
PB84-209469/HSU	PC A11 /MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Mathematical Model for A Fluidized-Bed Coal
Gaslfier. Final rept. Aug 80-Aug 83,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. Dept. of Chemi-
cal Engineering.
M. J. Purdy, R. M. Felder, and J. K. Ferrell. Jun 84,
237p* EPA-600/7-84-068
Grant EPA-R-809317
The report gives results of gasifying four fuels-a devo-
latilized Kentucky bituminous coal, a New Mexico sub-
bituminous coal, a North Carolina peat, and a Texas
lignite—with steam and oxygen in a pilot-scale fluid-
ized-bed reactor. Experimental results were used to
provide an evaluation of mathematical models devel-
oped for the gasifier. A simple three-stage gasifier
model and a two-phase bubbling-bed model were de-
veloped. Model options include allowance for a jetting
region at the gas inlet of the bed and elutriation of
fines. Gasification reactions in both models are de-
scribed by Johnson kinetics. The models were applied
to the gasification of the devolatilized Kentucky bitumi-
nous coal and the New Mexico subbituminous coal.
Parameter optimizations were performed with each
model for each feedstock. The main difference in the
optimal values was in char reactivity, for which that of
the New Mexico coal was roughly an order of magni-
tude greater than that for the Kentucky char. Using the
optimal values, the models were applied to all experi-
mental runs with these two coals. The resulting model
predictions and experimental results showed reason-
ably good agreement in all cases.
Keywords: "Fluidized bed processors, "Mathematical
models, "Coal gasification, 'Air pollution control, Pilot
plants, Fines, Particles, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Performance evaluation, Chemical reactors,
Design criteria, Carbon dioxide, Methane, Hydrogen,
Hydrogen sulfide, Carbonyl sulfide.
PB84-209477/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Benzene Emissions from Coke By-Product Recov-
ery Plants - Background Information for Proposed
Standards. Interim rept. (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
May 84, 356p EPA-450/3-83-016A
National emission standards to control emissions of
benzene from new and existing coke by-product recov-
ery plants are being proposed under Section 112 of
the Clean Air Act. This document contains information
on the background and authority, regulatory alterna-
tives considered, and environmental and economic im-
pacts of the regulatory alternatives.
Keywords: "Coking, "Environmental impact
statements(draft), "Standards, "Air pollution control,
Byproducts, Industrial wastes, Economic impact. Iron
and steel industry, Regulations, Substitutes, Cost anal-
ysis, Combustion products, Water pollution, Process
charting, Design criteria, Revisions, "Benzene, "Na-
tional emission standards, Fugitive emissions, Volatile
organic compounds.
PB84-20948S/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Kinetic Studies Related to the LIMB (Limestone
injection Multistage Burner) Burner. Final rept. Feb
82-May 84,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. Dept. of Chemi-
cal Engineering.
A. Attar. Jun 84,323p* EPA-600/7-84-070
Grant EPA-R-809724
The report gives results of theoretical and experimen-
tal studies of subjects related to the limestone injection
multistage burner (LIMB). The main findings include
data on the rate of evolution of H2S from different
coals and on the dependence of the rate of evolution
on the distribution of organic sulfur functionalities in
the coal. A method was developed for determining the
pore structure of solids at high temperatures which
also allows estimates of the diffusion and adsorption
coefficient of the gases onto the solid surface using
the pulse dispersion method (PDM) and Fourier analy-
sis. The method was applied to the sintering of lime. In
addition, the PDM was used to determine the influence
of sulfation on the diffusion of gtases into lime. Several
other studies wera conducted, including analyzing the
influence of ash composition on ash fusion tempera-
ture and developing new correlations for their esti-
mate. The surface forces on coal and how they affect
the adherence of minerals to the surface were deter-
mined. Also, the rates of reduction of iron pyrite and
doped iron pyrite by hydrogen were measured. A com-
prehensive survey of the chemistry and kinetics of the
various reactions which occur in LIMB is presented,
along with new findings.
Keywords: "Burners, 'Reaction kinetics, 'Air pollution
control equipment, 'Coal, Chemical analysis, Hydro-
gen sulfide, Chemical reactors, Sulfur, Calcium car-
bonates, Chemical reactions, Pyrite, Molecular struc-
ture, Transport properties, Surfaces, Porosity, Calcium
oxide, Diffusion coefficients, Decomposition, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products. Catalysts, Additives,
Adsorption, "Limestone injection multistage burners.
PB84-209659/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Tar Sands Leachate Study. Final rept.,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
D. W. Grosse, and L. McGowan. Jun 84,38p* EPA-
600/2-84-113
An inhouse research project was conducted by the
EPA's Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory
(IERL) at the T&E Facility in Cincinnati, Ohio, to pro-
vide information concerning the potential for release of
contaminants to groundwater from in-situ and above-
ground processed tar sands. This study examined the
composition of the leachate that may be generated
from raw tar sand cores and spent tar sand waste. In
all, twelve different water quality tests plus trace metal
analyses were conducted on the leachate samples
generated from the shake and extraction procedures.
Keywords: "Bituminous sands, "Leaching, "Industrial
wastes, "Water pollution, Ground water, In situ com-
bustion, Sampling, Graphs(Charts).
PB84-209766/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Laboratory Assessment of Potential Hydrocarbon
Emissions from Land Treatment of Refinery Oily
Sludges. Final rept. Aug 80-Oct 83,
American Petroleum Inst., Washington, DC.
R. G. Wetherold, J. L. Randall, and K. R. Williams. Jun
84,118p EPA-600/2-84-108
Grant EPA-R-807629
Prepared in cooperation with Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Volatile organics emissions were characterized when
petroleum refinery oily sludges were incorporated in
soils under controlled laboratory conditions. The
sludges tested included three of the five listed hazard-
ous wastes for the refining industry: dissolved air flota-
tion float, slop oil emulsion solids, and API separator
sludge. The volatile components of the sludges were
first identified. Then the effects of the following operat-
ing conditions on volatile emissions were studied: air
temperature and humidity, wind speed, soil type, tem-
perature and moisture, sludge loading and volatility,
and method of waste application. The volatile compo-
nents identified in the sludge were also present in the
emissions from the soil-waste mixtures. The quantity
of emissions were most affected by the sludge volatili-
ty, sludge loading, application method, and atmospher-
ic humidity, and the cumulative emissions at a given
period of time could be correlated with these oper-
ational variables. The emission rate or level was not
significantly affected by soil type or soil moisture. An
expression for estimating the rate of emissions as a
function of elapsed time after application could not be
developed from the data. While every effort was made
to simulate actual land treatment conditions, it is not
possible to directly apply these laboratory findings to
predict full-scale results.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Hydrocarbons,
"Sludge disposal, "Refineries, "Air pollution, "Soils,
Assessments, Laboratory equipment, Industrial
wastes, Petroleum industry, Hazardous materials,
Comparison, Concentration(Compositlon), Tempera-
ture, Vaporizing, Wind velocity, "Land disposal, "vola-
tile organic compounds.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB84-209816/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Draft Criteria Document for 1,2-Dichloroethane.
Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Feb 84,150p
This document summarizes the health effects of 1,2-
Dichloroethane. Topics include: General Information
and Properties; Human Exposure; Pharmacokinetics;
Health Effects in Animals and Humans; Mechanisms
of Toxicity; Risk Assessment and Quantification of
Toxicological Effects.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Potable water, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Chlorine organic compounds, Chloroethanes,
Chemical properties, Physical properties, Risk, As-
sessments, Toxicity, Exposure, "Ethane/dichloro,
'Water pollution effects(Humans), "Water pollution
effects(Animals), Volatile organic compounds, Phar-
macokinetics.
PB84-209824/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Draft Criteria Document for Ortho-Dichloroben-
zene, Meta-Dichlorobenzene, Para-Dichloroben-
zene. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Feb 84,180p
This document summarizes the health effects of Dich-
lorobenzene. Topics include: General Information and
Properties; Human Exposure; Pharmacokinetics;
Health Effects in Animals and Humans; Mechanisms
of Toxicity; Risk Assessment and Quantification of
Toxicological Effects.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Potable water, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Chlorine organic compounds, Chlorobenzenes,
Chemical properties, Physical properties, Risk, As-
sessments, Toxicity, Exposure, Benzenes, 'Benzene/
dichloro, 'Water pollution effects(Humans), 'Water
pollution effects(Animals), Volatile organic com-
pounds, Pharmacokinetics.
PB84-209832/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Draft Criteria Document for Carbon Tetrachloride.
Technical rept.
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
Feb 84,186p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
This document summarizes the health effects of
Carbon Tetrachloride. Topics include: General Infor-
mation and Properties; Human Exposure; Pharmaco-
kinetics; Health Effects in Animals and Humans; Mech-
anisms of Toxicity; Risk Assessment and Quantifica-
tion of Toxicological Effects.
Keywords: "Water pollution, 'Potable water, 'Toxicol-
ogy, "Carbon tetrachloride, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Chemical properties, Physical properties,
Risk, Assessments, Toxicity, Exposure, 'Water pollu-
tion eflects(Humans), 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Volatile organic compounds, Phar-
macokinetics.
PB84-209840/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Draft Criteria Document for Trlchloroethylene.
Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Feb 84,129p
This document summarizes the health effects of Trich-
loroethylene. Topics include: General Information and
Properties; Human Exposure; Pharmacokinetics;
Health Effects in Animals and Humans; Mechanisms
of Toxicity; Risk Assessment and Quantification of
Toxicological Effects.
Keywords; 'Water pollution, 'Potable water, "Toxicol-
ogy, Chlorine organic compounds, Chemical proper-
ties, Physical properties, Risk, Assessments, Toxicity,
Exposure, 'Ethylene/trichloro, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), 'Water pollution effects(Animals),
Volatile organic compounds, Pharmacokinetics.
PB84-209865/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for 1,2-Dichlor-
oethane (Ethylene Dlchloride). External Review
Draft. Parts 1 and 2,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
S. Bosch, D. A. Gray, J. Santodonato, C. W. Chen, and
C. B. Miremath. Apr 84, 395p EPA-600/8-84-006A
Ethylene Dichloride (EDC), a clear, colorless volatile
liquid, is principally emitted to the environment during
manufacturing. Monitoring data, including ambient
urban areas, indicate a concentration of equal to or
less than 0.5 ppb for most locations. EDC is rapidly ab-
sorbed, metabolized, and eliminated. Unmetabolized
EDC is eliminated almost exclusively via the lungs. In
humans, the symptoms of acute toxicity from repeated
exposures exceeding 60 ppm are irritation of the respi-
ratory tract and eyes and CNS depression. According
to available evidence EDC does not adversely affect
the reproductive or development process in animals
except at maternally toxic levels. Additional human
epidemiologic studies are needed to establish conclu-
sively that EDC is not a teratogen and does not cause
adverse reproductive effects. Positive responses in
different text systems indicate that EDC is a weak,
direct-acting mutagen; however, several of its metabo-
lites, formed in animals, are more potent mutagens
than EDC. As a carcinogen, EDC induces tumors in
rats and mice by various routes of exposure (gavage,
intraperitoneally, dermally). However, lifetime inhala-
tion exposure conditions did not produce tumors in rats
or mice. Results from animal carcinogen studies, when
considered with the positive evidence of mutagenicity
and the presence of reactive metabolites and covalent
bonding to DNA, suggest that EDC is a potential
human carcinogen.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, "Chemical indus-
try, 'Toxicology, "Public health, Assessments, Urban
areas, Mutagens, Industrial wastes, Ecology, Chemical
properties, Sampling, Water pollution, Air pollution,
Soil analysis, Bioassays, Chemical analysis, Chlor-
oethanes, Chlorine organic compounds, Sources,
Transport properties, Exposure, Laboratory animals,
Industrial hygiene, 'Ethane/dichloro, 'Occupational
safety and health, Cancer, Land pollution, Pharmaco-
kinetics.
PB84-209873/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Ethylene Oxide.
External Review Draft,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
A. Gray, B. Harris, S. Bosch, J. Santodonato, and S.
Bayard. Apr 84, 289p EPA-600/8-84-009A
The largest single use of ethylene oxide is an interme-
diate in the synthesis of ethylene glycol. However,
small amounts of this epoxide are used as a sterilant or
pesticide in commodities, pharmaceuticals, medical
devices, tobacco, and other items, representing a con-
siderable potential for human exposure. The pharma-
cokinetics of ethylene oxide have not been studied ex-
tensively. While no studies found in the literature
searched concerned the absorption of this chemical,
toxicity data suggest that absorption occurs via the
respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Acute exposure
to ethylene oxide in humans results in symptoms of
headache, vomiting, dyspnea, and diarrhea. Subacute
and chronic effects are not well documented. Data in-
dicate that many different types of genetic damage
may be induced following exposure to ethylene oxide.
It was found to be mutagenic in the Ames Salmonella
assay to Bacillus subtilis and to Drosophilia melano-
gaster, as well as in cultured mammalian cell and
assay systems. The alkylating and mutagenic proper-
ties of ethylene oxide are sufficient causes of concern
about its potential carcinogenicity. Though there are
no definitive, epidemiologic studies, the data are con-
sistent with the animal data in that there seems to be a
strong association between an increased risk of
cancer, especially leukemia, and prolonged inhalation
exposure to ethylene oxide.
Keywords: "Ethylene oxide, "Environmental surveys,
"Toxicology, "Public health, "Chemical industry, "In-
dustrial hygiene, Exposure, Mutagens, Risk, Laborato-
ry animals, Ecology, Industrial wastes, Assessments,
Chemical properties, Plants(Botany), Sampling, Chem-
ical analysis, Malignant neoplasms, Bioassay, Soils,
Air pollution, Water pollution, Animals, Dosage, Trans-
port properties, Utilization, Sources, "Occupational
safety and health, Cancer, Pharmacokinetics, Path of
pollutants, Land pollution.
PB84-209899/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN,
Partitioning of Cadmium, Copper, Lead and Zinc
Among Particulate Fractions and Water in Sagi-
naw Bay (Lake Huron),
Cranbrook Inst, of Science, Bloomfield Hills, Ml.
K. R. Rygwelski, J. M. Townsend, and V. E. Smith. Jun
84, 157p* EPA-600/3-84-069
Grant EPA-R-804442
An intensive study of toxic metals in Saginaw Bay
(Lake Huron) during 1976-1979 has resulted in a large
data base on the temporal and spatial variability of Cd,
Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations in both the water and
suspended solids. Generally, a trend of decreasing
concentrations of both the total and dissolved metals
from the inner to the outer bay was observed. Partition
coefficients of all the metals studied were not constant
with respect to time or space. Particles in the 10-74 mi-
crometers range were found to contain the majority of
the particulate metal mass in the water, and they
sorbed metals to a higher degree than the other size
fractions considered.
Keywords: "Saginaw Bay, 'Metals, "Water analysis,
'Water pollution, Concentration(Composition), Cadmi-
um, Copper, Lead(Metai), Zinc, Tables(Data), Trace
elements, Sites, Sampling, Chemical analysis, Parti-
cles, Quality control. Lake Huron, "Water pollution
sampling, 'Water pollution detection.
PB84-209907/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Registration Standard: Products Containing 4-
Amlnopyridlne, Avltrol (Trade Name).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 80,117p EPA-540/RS-80-002
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Standards, "Pesticides, "Guidelines, Ni-
trogen organic compounds, Regulations, Manufactur-
ing, Genetics, Chemical properties, Ecology, Toxicol-
ogy, Residues, Metabolism, Plants(Botany), Animals,
Labeling, "Reregistration, "Avitrol, Pyridine/amino,
Path of pollutants.
PB84-209915/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Method
Study 29, Method 624-Purgeables. Rept. for Jan
82-Jun 83.
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Jun 84, 246p EPA-600/4-84-054
Contract EPA-68-03-3102
The work which is described in the report was per-
formed for the purpose of validating, through an inter-
laboratory study, Method 624 for the analysis of the
volatile organic priority pollutants. This method is
based on purging and concentration of the various an-
alytes on an adsorbent followed by thermal desorption
onto a gas chromatographic column. A low resolution
mass spectrometer serves as the measuring device.
Participating laboratories were selected based upon
technical evaluation of proposals and upon the analy-
ses results of prestudy samples. The laboratories were
supplied with ampuls containing various concentra-
tions of the pollutant compounds. These solutions
were aliquoted into four different water types which
were subsequently analyzed according to the appro-
priate methods. In addition to the sample concen-
trates, each laboratory was supplied with an industrial
effluent which was known to contain various pollutants
and which was used to estimate false positive and
false negative data. The data obtained from the interla-
boratory study were analyzed employing a series of
computer programs known as the Interlaboratory
Method Validation Study (IMVS) system which was de-
signed to implement ASTM procedure D2777.
Keywords: "Water analysis, "Water quality, "Water
pollution, Air pollution, Gas chromatography. Quality
control, Statistical analysis, Chlorine organic com-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
pounds, Surface waters, Potable water, Sampling, Air
water interactions, Laboratory equipment, Purging,
Sediments,	Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Performance evaluation,
* EPA method 624, "Volatile organic compounds,
'Purge devices.
PB84-210046/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Passive Sampling Device for Ambient Air and Per-
sonal Monitoring,
Monsanto Co., Dayton, OH.
G. W, Wooten, J. E. Strobel, J. V. Pustinger, and C. R.
McMillin. Jun 84, 72p EPA/600/4-84/050
Contract EPA-68-02-3469
A high performance passive dosimeter has been de-
veloped and evaluated as a monitor for volatile organ-
ics in ambient air and for short-term, low-level personal
monitoring applications. The dosimeter design was
dictated by three major areas of concern: (1) diffusive
mass transport considerations; (2) sorbent selection,
and (3) chemical quantitation of the collected com-
pounds, which intimately involves desorption proce-
dures of the passive device.
Keywords: *Gas detectors, 'Monitors, 'Dosimeters,
"Air pollution, Performance evaluation, Design criteria,
Sorbents, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis. Sampling,
Diffusion, Field tests, 'Passive monitors, "Volatile or-
ganic compounds, 'Air pollution detection.
PB84-210O53/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Diffusion Modeling with Convactlve Scaling and
Effects of Surface Inhomogeneities,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
G. A. Briggs. Jun 84,53p EPA/600/D-84/165
The development of convective scaling is reviewed,
along with results from its application to turbulence
and diffusion data. Further analyses of a wide variety
of diffusion data for (sigma sub y) and crosswind-inte-
grated concentration are presented in nondimensional
form with convective scaling, with remarkably consist-
ent results. Preliminary data from the CONDORS con-
vective diffusion experiment, performed at the Boulder
Atmospheric Observatory in Colorado in 1982 and
1983, are included. For elevated sources, an enhance-
ment of peak surface concentrations over those pre-
dicted by conventional Gaussian modeling is found;
the effect increases as the ratio of source height to
mixing depth increases. Later sections of this paper
assess the effects of surface inhomogeneities on diffu-
sion in convective conditions. Finally, examples of
heat flux inhomogeneities causing stationary convec-
tive features to develop are presented.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric diffusion, 'Turbulent diffu-
sion, 'Air pollution, 'Heat flux, 'Mathematical models,
Industrial wastes, Wind velocity, Scaling, Urban areas,
Atmospheric models, Convection(Atmospheric).
PB84-210061/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Intrauterine Exposure of Human Newborns to
PCBs (Polychlorlnated Biphenyls): Measures of
Exposure,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. School of Public Health.
S. W. Jacobson, J. L. Jacobson, P. M. Schwartz, and
G. G. Feng. Jun 84, 33p' EPA-600/D-84-162
Grant EPA-R-808520
The purpose of the present paper is two-fold: (1) to
summarize what is known about the pre- and postnatal
effects of an especially ubiquitous chemical com-
pound, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs); and (2) to
examine empirically some of the linkages proposed in
an analytic model of PCB exposure in human infants.
The linkages of Interest are those between the source
of contamination and the exposure of mother and
infant. The present data are consistent with the notion
that PCBs move through the environment and the
human body into systems which may potentially threat-
en the infant both before and after birth. At this time it
is not clear which of these exposures-prenatal (Intra-
uterine) or postnatal (via breast mllk)-has the greater
impact on infant development. While the absolute
quantity of PCB residues is substantially lower in cord
serum than in breast milk, the fetal organism is particu-
larly vulnerable during the prenatal period. One factor
that has been overlooked in this debate Is the size of
the fetus. When PCB exposure is calculated on the
basis of body weight, the infant's prenatal exposure is
substantial.
Keywords: "Infants, 'Toxicology, Contamination, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Exposure, Humans, Physio-
logical effects, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls, Biphenyls,
Mothers.
PB84-210095/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Application of Volatile Organic Reference Materi-
als to Ambient Air Monitoring Measurements,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
H. L. Crist, and H. L. Rook. Jun 84,16p EPA-600/D-84-
163
Prepared in cooperation with National Bureau of
Standards, Washington, DC.
The Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
(EMSL), U.S. EPA, is currently funding research pro-
grams to develop reference and audit standards to
evaluate performance and data quality of air monitor-
ing measurements for volatile organic compounds. As
a result of this effort, which is being conducted by the
National Bureau of Standards (NBS), single compo-
nent (benzene, tetrachloroethylene) and multicompon-
ent (aromatic hydrocarbons) blends in gas cylinders
have been certified as Standard Reference Materials
(SRM's) at ppm concentrations. A multicomponent cyl-
inder mixture of aliphatic chlorocarbons is in the proc-
ess of being certified as an SRM. NBS specially pre-
pared and analyzed a cylinder gas mixture containing
volatile organic compounds at ppb concentrations so
that three ambient air monitoring and analytical sys-
tems could be evaluated during a field study. The avail-
ability of traceable standards at ppb concentration
allows the performance of air sampling systems to be
evaluated at actual measurement levels of the pollut-
ants. Volatile organics in the low ppb range have also
been prepared as traceable audit materials for the as-
sessment of hazardous waste incinerator pollutants.
Future development of reference materials will include
the preparation of other chemical classes (ketones, ni-
trogencontaining compounds) and deuterated com-
pounds in cylinders. These latter materials will be used
to determine the sampling efficiencies of solid adsor-
bents.
Keywords: "Gas analysis, "Standards, "Air pollution,
Sampling, Chemical analysis, Gas chromatography,
Mass spectroscopy, Organic compounds, Hazardous
materials, Solid waste disposal, Incinerators, Perform-
ance evaluation, "Volatile organic compounds,
"Standard reference materials, "Air pollution detec-
tion.
PB84-210129/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Stationary Source Compliance Div.
Combustion Efficiency Optimization Manual for
Operators of Oil- and Gas-Fired Boilers. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
J. A. Wunderle, and T. C. Ponder. Sep 83,70p EPA/
340/1-83/023
Contract EPA-68-01 -6310
This manual provides general guidance to operators of
oil- and gas-fired boilers to increase boiler efficiency,
improve fuel consumption, and to reduce pollutant
emissions. Boiler operating principles and suggestions
to improve boiler performance are discussed. Com-
bustion is explained in simple terms. Various heat
losses are described, and suggestions are given on
means to minimize or eliminate heat losses. The
manual describes boiler adjustments for peak operat-
ing efficiency, optimum fuel consumption, and reduced
pollutant emissions. Efficiency, fuel consumption, and
emissions are all sensitive to many of the same boiler
operating parameters. This manual describes feasible
operating techniques and combustion adjustments to
achieve clean, safe, and efficient boiler operation.
Keywords: 'Manuals, "Oil burners, "Boilers, "Combus-
tion efficiency, "Air pollution control, "Fuel consump-
tion, Feasibility, Operating, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, Performance evaluation, Flue gases,
Maintenance, "Gas burners.
PB84-210152/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, Tri-County
Regional Planning Council, Lansing, Michigan:
Monitoring Methodology and Monitoring Data for
Final Report,
Tri-County Regional Planning Commission, Lansing,
Ml.
D. Scherger, and J. Coleman. May 83, 796p
Grant EPA-P-005425-01 -0
This volume includes information on the monitoring
methodology, and the monitoring data itself, for the
NURP project located in the Bogus Swamp Drainage
District, Lansing, Ml.
Keywords: 'Runoff, "Water pollution, "Urban areas,
Sampling, Stream flow, Rainfall, Soil erosion, Flow
rates, Statistical data, Surveys, Droughts, Bacteria,
Concentration(Composition), Nutrients, pH, Turbidity,
Conductivity, Michigan, "Water quality data, "Storm
water runoff, Lansing(Michigan).
PB84-210178/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstratlon of Pesticide
Products Containing 2,6-Dlchloro-4-Nltroaniline
(DCNA) as the Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Dec 83,109p EPA-540/RS-83-008
This document contains information regarding regis-
tration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Standards, "Guidelines, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Bibliographies, Regulations,
Labeling, Packaging, Genetics, Tables(Data), Toxicity,
'Reregistration, Aniline/dichioro-nitro.
PB84-210186/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Fonofos (041701) as the
Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Mar 84,127p EPA-540/RS-84-002
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Standards, Regulations, La-
beling, Packaging, Storage, Toxicity, Tables(Data),
Bibliographies, Hazardous materials, 'Reregistration,
'Dyfonate.
PB84-210194/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Manufacturing-
Use and Certain End-Use Pesticide Products Con-
taining Ethoprop (041101) as the Active Ingredi-
ent.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jun 83,82p EPA-540/RS-83-023
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations ot all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Guidelines, "Standards, La-
beling, Packaging, Regulations, Genetics, Bibliogra-
phies, Toxicity, Hazardous materials, "Reregistration,
"Mocap.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB84-210277/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Methods for Estimating Fish Catch Sizes,
Dynamac Corp., Rockville, MD. Enviro Control Div.
L. H. Kaufman. Jun 84,69p EPA-600/6-84-007
Contract EPA-68-03-3111
This report reviews and evaluates methods for esti-
mating fish catch size of major edible species in free-
flowing rivers and nearshore marine areas. Based on
this effort, a detailed work plan is presented for devel-
oping a stepwise regression analysis approach for esti-
mating fish catch size. A literature search was con-
ducted and indicated that the methodology for estimat-
ing fish catch size is best developed for marine sys-
tems and worst developed for free-flowing rivers. The
literature for marine water bodies contains a wealth of
regression analysis and correlation efforts (including
Box-Jenkins models) that relate one or more physico-
chemical factors (e.g., temperature, salinity, currents)
to fish production or catch size for many species.
Keywords: "Fishes, "Size determination, Rivers,
Shores, Ocean environments, Estimating, Mathemati-
cal models, Temperature, Salinity, Water flow, Regres-
sion analysis.
PB84-210293/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Corrosion Manual tor Internal Corrosion of Water
Distribution Systems. Technical rept.,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
J. E. Singley, B. A. Beaudet, and P. H. Markey. Apr 84,
142p ORNL-TM-8919, EPA/570/9-84/001
Also pub. as Environmental Science and Engineering,
Inc., Gainesville, FL. rept. no. ESE-81-227-260.Por-
tions of this document are not fully legible.
Corrosion of distribution piping and of home plumbing
and fixtures has been estimated to cost the public
water supply industry more than $700 million per year.
Two toxic metals that occur in tap water, almost entire-
ly because of corrosion, are lead and cadmium. Three
other metals, usually present because of corrosion,
cause staining of fixtures, metallic taste, or both.
These are copper (blue stains and metallic taste), iron
(red-brown stains and metallic taste), and zinc (metal-
lic taste). This manual was written to give the operators
of potable water treatment plants and distribution sys-
tems an understanding of the causes and control of
corrosion. The many types of corrosion and the types
of materials with which the water comes in contact
make the problem more complicated. Because all op-
erators have not had the opportunity to gain more than
a basic understanding of chemistry and engineering,
there is little of these disciplines included in the docu-
ment.
Keywords: "Corrosion, "Water distribution, "Distribu-
tion systems, "Water treatment, "Manuals, Corrosion
prevention, Cost analysis, Potable water, Metals,
Water pipes, Chemical reactions, Heavy metals,
Cases.
PB84-210301/HSU	PCA11/MFA01
Benzene Fugitive Emissions - Background Infor-
mation for Promulgated Standards,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
J. R. Farmer. Jun 82,234p EPA-450/3-80/032B
Contract EPA-68-02-3060
See also PB81-151664.
A national emission standard for the control of fugitive
emissions of benzene from the petroleum refining and
organic chemical manufacturing industries is being
promulgated under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act
(42 U.S.C. 7412, as amended). This standard will limit
fugitive emissions of benzene from existing and new
equipment in benzene service. This document summa-
rizes the responses to public comments received on
the proposed standards and also summarizes the
basis for changes made in the standards since propos-
al.
Keywords: "Petroleum refining, "Chemical industry,
"Air pollution control, "Environmental impact state-
ments-final, "Standards, Benzenes, Regulations, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Substitutes,
Cost analysis, Risk, Toxicity, Leakage, Sources, Public
health, "Fugitive emissions, "Benzene, "National
emission standards, Occupational safety and health.
PB84-210327/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Manufacturing-
Use and Certain End-Use Pesticide Products Con-
taining Diuron as the Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Sep 83,136p EPA-540/RS-83-012
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Standards, "Guidelines, Reg-
ulations, Labeling, Genetics, Hazardous materials,
Tables(Data), Bibliographies, Packaging, Toxicology,
Public health, Ecology, "Reregistration, "Diuron,
"Toxic substances.
PB84-210335/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Manufacturing-
Use and Certain End-Use Pesticide Products Con-
taining Terbufos as the Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Jun 83,95p EPA-540/RS-83-011
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Guidelines, "Standards, Reg-
ulations, Labeling, Public health, Hazardous materials,
Bibliographies, Toxicology, Ecology, Genetics,
Tables(Data), "Reregistration, "Toxic substances,
"Terbufos.
PB84-210517/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Acute and Chronic Toxicity to the Fathead
Minnow, 'Pimephales promelas', of Effluents from
a Treatment Plant Receiving Dyes and Pigments
Processing Wastewater,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Cincinnati, OH.
Newtown Fish Toxicology Station.
Q. H. Pickering, G. M. Shaul, and K. A. Dostal. Jun 84,
32p EPA-600/D-84-161
Ninety-six hour, static acute, and continuous-flow early
life-stage (ELS) chronic toxicity tests, using the fat-
head minnow (Pimephales promelas), were conducted
to evaluate the toxicity of effluents from a pilot scale
activated sludge treatment system receiving dyes and
pigments wastewater. In the first test with a powdered
activated carbon (PAC) dosage of 1800 mg/litre of ef-
fluent, survival was the most sensitive measure of
effect in the ELS test. The highest effluent concentra-
tion tested (10 percent) was lethal to the embroyos
and larvae. No adverse effect on survival or growth
was observed at lower effluent concentrations (5.0-
0.63 percent). The maximum acceptable toxicant (ef-
fluent) concentration (MATC) was between 10 and 5
percent. Ten 96-h median lethal concentration (LC50)
values from static acute tests ranged from 12.9 to
greater than 80 percent. In the second test at a PAC
dosage of 1000 mg/iitre of effluent, growth was the
most sensitive measure of effect in the ELS test.
Larval growth was significantly reduced at the highest
effluent concentration tested (20 percent).
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Effluents, Fishes, Dyes, Pig-
ments, Pimephales promelar, Fathead minnows,
"Water pollution effects(Animals), Sludge treatment.
PB84-210848/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Development of the Volatile Organic Sampling
Train (YOST) for Use In Determining Incinerator
Efficiency,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
L. D. Johnson. Jun 84,18p EPA-600/D-84-168
The paper discusses the development, initial evalua-
tion, and field application to incinerators of a new sam-
pling train for volatile organic species. The Volatile Or-
ganic Sampling Train (VOST) is a simple portable
device, combining Tenax and Tenax/charcoal car-
tridges as collection agents. Analysis of the sorption
cartridges includes a further concentration step that
permits the measurement of stack concentrations as
low as 0.1 ng/L. The Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act requires owners or operators of hazardous
waste incinerators to demonstrate that the incinerator
can achieve adequate destruction efficiency of certain
compounds before a permit is issued. Many of the
compounds that are commonly of interest are of low
molecular weight and volatile.
Keywords: "Samplers, "Incinerators, "Solid waste dis-
posal, "Air pollution control, "Organic compounds,
Performance evaluation, Field tests, Hazardous mate-
rials, Flue gases, Sorption, Charcoal,
Concentration(Composition), Gas chromatography,
Mass spectroscopy, Gas analysis, "Volatile organic
compounds, "Air pollution sampling, Tenax GC resins,
EPA method 624, Air pollution detection.
PB84-210939/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Air Quality Models Pertaining to Particulate
Matter. Final rept. Apr-Oct 83,
Massachusetts Inst, of Tech., Cambridge. Energy Lab.
S. A. Batterman, J. A. Fay, D. Golomb, and J. Gruhl.
Jun 84, 82p* EPA-600/3-84-074
This report describes an evaluation of the Particle Epi-
sodic Model (PEM), an urban scale dispersion model
which incorporates deposition, gravitational settling
and linear transformation processes into the prede-
cessor model, the Texas Episodic Model (TEM-8). A
sensitivity analysis of the model was performed, which
included the effects of deposition, gravitational settling
and receptor grid size. Recommendations are made to
improve the performance and flexibility of the model.
PEM was applied to a source inventory of the Philadel-
phia area to provide a preliminary estimate of source
apportionment. PEM modeling employed both hypo-
thetical and actual meteorology. Results indicate that
area source emissions dominate TSP, S02 and sulfate
concentrations at urban receptors. A large fraction of
the inhalable particles may arrive from distant sources.
This report also contains an overview of receptor
models (RMs) used for the source apportionment of
aerosols. Some diagnostic procedures for RMs are
evaluated using a synthetic data set. Described are
RM trade-offs and protocols and possible hybrid dis-
persion/receptor models. Issues regarding the inter-
comparison of source apportionments from receptor
and dispersion models are highlighted with reference
to the 1982 Philadelphia study.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Mathematical models, "Par-
ticles, Urban areas, Performance evaluation, Aerosols,
Deposition, Gravitation, Sources, Sulfur dioxide, Sul-
fates, "Air quality, "Particle episodic models, Atmos-
pheric dispersion.
PB84-210988/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from
Sources of Nickel.
Radian Corp., Durham, NC.
Mar 84,188p EPA-450/4-84-007F
See also PB84-200633.
To assist groups interested in inventorying air emis-
sions of various potentially toxic substances, EPA is
preparing a series of documents such as this to com-
pile available information on sources and emissions of
these substances. This document deals specifically
with nickel. Its intended audience includes Federal,
State and local air pollution personnel and others inter-
ested in locating potential emitters of nickel and in
making gross estimates of air emissions therefrom
This document presents information on (1) the types of
sources that may emit nickel, (2) process variations
and release points that may be expected within these
sources, and (3) available emissions information indi-
cating the potential for nickel release into the air from
each operation.
Keywords: "Nickel, "Air pollution, Design criteria. Na-
tional government, State government, Sources, Sam-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
pling, Assessments, Process charting,
Concentration(Composition), Chemical industry, Elec-
troplating, Electric batteries, Manufacturing, Refining,
Smelting, Materials recovery, Industrial wastes, 'Toxic
substances, Point sources.
PB84-211028/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazardous Waste Landfill Research: U.S.E.P.A.
(United States Environmental Protection Agency)
Program,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Solid and Hazardous Waste Research Div.
N. B. Schomaker. Jun 84, 25p EPA-600/D-84-171
See also PB83-206961.
The hazardous waste land disposal research program
is collecting data necessary to support implementation
of disposal guidelines mandated by the 'Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976' (RCRA) PL
94-580. This program relating to the categorical areas
of landfills, surface impoundments, and underground
mines encompasses state-of-the-art documents, labo-
ratory analysis, economic assessment, bench and pilot
studies, and full-scale field verification studies. Over
the next five years the research will be reported as
Technical Resource Documents in support of the
RCRA Guidance Documents. These documents will be
used to provide guidance for conducting the review
and evaluation of land disposal permit applications.
This paper will present an overview of this program
and will report the current status of the work.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Earth fill, 'Solid
waste disposal, 'Research, 'Guidelines, Environmen-
tal surveys, Licenses, Regulations, Lining, Leaching,
'Land disposal, 'Liquid waste disposal, Volatile organ-
ic compounds, State of the art, Resource conservation
and recovery act, Surface impoundments, Under-
ground disposal.
PB84-211036/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
One Mgd Ion Exchange Plant for Removal of Ni-
trate from Well Water,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
R. P. Lauch, and G. A. Guter. Jun 84,26p EPA/600/D-
84/172
Prepared in cooperation with Boyle Engineering Corp.,
Bakersfield, CA.
A full scale 1 mgd demonstration plant, using ion ex-
change, for removal of nitrate from well water was built
at McFarland, California. The plant has been perform-
ing satisfactorily in the semi-automatic mode since Oc-
tober 1983. Full automation of the plant was complet-
ed in June 1984. State of California requirements of re-
ducing nitrate levels below 10 mg/L N03-N and elimi-
nating brine from the product water have been met.
Total costs for the plant, including capital and oper-
ation and maintenance were 24.2 cents/1000 gal. Re-
search is continuing at McFarland on nitrate selective
resins, regenerant re-use. monitoring and brine dispos-
al, in an effort to further improve the process and
reduce costs.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, "Ion exchanging, 'Inor-
ganic nitrates, 'Water wells, California, Performance
evaluation, Brines, Potable water,
Regeneration(Engineering), Capitalized costs, Cost
analysis, Design criteria, 1 MGD plant,
McFarland(California).
P084-211069/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Petroleum Fugitive Emissions-Background Infor-
mation for Promulgated Standards.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Oct 83,223p EPA-450/3-81 /015B
See also PB83-157743.
Standards of performance for the control of volatile or-
ganic compound (VOC) equipment leaks from the pe-
troleum refining industry are being promulgated under
Section 111 of the Clean Air Act. These standards will
apply to equipment leaks of VOC within new, modified,
and reconstructed petroleum refinery compressors
and process units. This document summarizes the re-
sponses to public comments received on the pro-
posed standards and the basis for changes made in
the standards since proposal.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Organic com-
pounds, 'Regulations, 'Refineries, 'Environmental
impact statements-final, Petroleum products, Leak-
age, Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Stand-
ards, Sources, Law enforcement, Cost effectiveness,
Cost analysis, "Volatile organic compounds, 'Fugitive
emissions, "Standards of performance.
PB84-211143/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Logan Wash Field Treatability Studies of
Wastewaters from Oil Shale Retorting Processes,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH,
B. O. Desai, D. R. Day, and T. E. Ctvrtnicek. Jun 84,
185p EPA-600/2-84-115
Contract EPA-68-03-2801
Treatability studies were conducted on retort water
and gas condensate wastewater from modified in-situ
oil shale retorts to evaluate the effectiveness of select-
ed treatment technologies for removing organic and
inorganic contaminants. At retorts operated by Occi-
dental Oil Shale, Inc., at Logan Wash, Colorado, treat-
ability studies were conducted on retort water using
filter coalescing, steam stripping, activated sludge
treatment (both with and without powdered activated
carbon addition), sand filtration, and granular activated
carbon adsorption. Retort water had high concentra-
tions of ammonia-nitrogen, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, al-
kalinity, dissolved organics, phenols, sulfide, total dis-
solved solids, boron, potassium and sodium. Steam
stripping removed ammonia-nitrogen, alkalinity, and
sulfide from retort water and organics removal was
low. Gas condensate wastewater had high concentra-
tions of ammonia-nitrogen, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, dis-
solved organics, alkalinity, phenols, sulfide, and pyri-
dine compounds. The overall scheme for the gas con-
densate treatment removed ammonia-nitrogen, total
Kjeldahl nitrogen, alkalinity, sulfide, biochemical
oxygen demand, dissolved organic carbon, chemical
oxygen demand, and phenols.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Oil shale, Indus-
trial waste treatment, In-situ combustion, Activated
sludge process, Performance evaluation, Pilot plants,
Sampling, Coalescing, Flocculation, Clarifiers, Field
tests, Quality control, 'Retorting, Monitoring, Sand fil-
tration, Granular activated carbon treatment, Steam
stripping.
PB84-211168/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of Urban Runoff and Combined Sewer
Overflow Mutagenicity. Final rept. Apr 80-Jan 82,
O'Brien and Gere Engineers, Inc., Syracuse, NY.
S. J. Spiegel, E. C. Tint, Jr., C. B. Murphy, Jr., and R. R.
Ott. Jun 84,134p EPA-600/2-84-116
Grant EPA-R-806640
Prepared in cooperation with Onondaga County Dept.
of Drainage and Sanitation, North Syracuse, NV.
The introduction of potential mutagens to the human
environment may serve to increase the rate of contact
with substances that contribute to cancer incidence in
the general population. The primary purpose of this
study was to evaluate combined sewer overflows and
urban runoff for the presence of chemical mutagens.
The Ames Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity test
was employed as a general biological effects test for
the qualitative detection of mutagens in the sanitary
environment, including rain, urban runoff, sanitary
wastewater, combined sewer overflows, sewage treat-
ment plant effluent, and receiving waters. The Ames
test is a relatively sensitive and simple bacterial test for
detecting chemical mutagens. Its advantages over
long-term animal tests are speed, ease, and relative
low cost. The test employs previously mutated Salmo-
nella typhimurium LT2 bacterial strains which have a
tendency to undergo a subsequent mutation back to
their natural state when exposed to mutagenic com-
pounds. Nineteen samples elicited a detectable re-
sponse to one or more of the five Salmonella typhimur-
ium test strains, with or without metabolic activation.
Nine of these samples (47%) were of urban runoff in
the project area, metropolitan Syracuse (Onondaga
County) N.Y., including 17 of 30 detectable responses
(57%). Five of the samples (26%) were from com-
bined sewer overflows (7 of 30 detectable responses,
or 23%).
Keywords: 'Malignant neoplasms, 'Toxicology, "Mu-
tagenesis, Ames test, Salmonella typhimurium,
'Cancer, Biological effects, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans).
PB84-211176/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, OH. Quality Assurance Branch.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Method
Study 15, Method 605-Benzldlnes. Final rept. 13
Sep 78-31 Oct 83,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
G. Kinzer, R. Riggin, T. Bishop, and C. C. Howard. Jun
84, 71p EPA-600/4-84-062
Contract EPA-68-03-2624
Seventeen laboratories participated in an interlabora-
tory study conducted to provide precision and accura-
cy statements for the proposed EPA Method 605 for
measuring concentrations of the Category 7 chemicals
benzidine and 3,3'dichlorobenzidine (DCB) in munici-
pal and industrial aqueous discharges. Method 605 in-
volves extraction of benzidine and DCB from the aque-
ous sample at pH 7-8 with chloroform. The extract is
then back extracted into acid, re-extracted into chloro-
form at neutral pH, and concentrated. The benzidines
are determined in the final extract using high perform-
ance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemi-
cal detection. The study design was based on You-
den's plan for collaborative tests of analytical meth-
ods. The resulting data were statistically analyzed
using the computer program 'Interlaboratory Method
Validation Study' (IMVS). Mean recoveries of benzi-
dine and DCB ranged from 48-70 percent. Overall pre-
cision ranged from 38-69 percent and single-analyst
precision ranged from 24-40 percent. A statistically
significant effect due to water type was established for
DCB in the case of one wastewater. However, review
of the precision statistics indicated the effect was of no
practical importance. There were no other discernible
differences due to water types among mean recover-
ies, overall precisions or single-analyst precision.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Water pollution, Solvent
extraction, pH, Electrochemistry, Chemical analysis,
Chlorine organic compounds, Sampling, Chemical
analysis, Industrial wastes, Quality assurance. Statisti-
cal analysis, *EPA method 605, 'Water pollution de-
tection, "Benzidine, 'Benzidine/dichloro, 'Water pol-
lution detection, High performance liquid chromatogra-
phy, Procedures.
PBB4-211184/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Investigation of the Performance of Sulfation and
Nitration Plates. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. E. Sickles, II, and R. M. Michie. Jun 84, 36p EPA/
600/3-84/073
Contract EPA-68-02-3170-74
An inexpensive method for measuring atmospheric
pollutants which has been in use for several decades
is the passive reactive monitor. Such a device contains
a reactive substance which is exposed to the ambient
air for a period of time. The pollutants in the surround-
ing air react with the reactive surface of the monitor. A
quantitative chemical determination is made of the re-
action product. A calibration factor is then applied to
estimate the pollutant concentration in the ambient air
averaged over the exposure period. Passive monitors,
known as sulfation and nitration plates, are available
from commercial suppliers. The objective of this study
was to evaluate the performance of commercial sulfa-
tion and nitration plates. The sensitivity of plate cali-
bration factors to pollutant concentration (S02 and
N02), simulated wind, speed, humidity, and tempera-
ture was determined. Test results indicate, for sulfation
and nitration plates, that sulfation calibration factors
are extremely sensitive to wind speed. A slight effect
of relative humidity was observed on calibration fac-
tors for both types of plates. Nitration calibration fac-
tors are also extremely sensitive to concentration and
temperature.
Keywords: 'Sulfation, 'Nitration, 'Monitors, "Gas de-
tectors, 'Plates, *Gas analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Performance evaluation,
Calibrating, Wind velocity, Humidity, Chemical analy-
sis, Exposure, Design criteria, Temperature, Sulfur di-
oxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Quality assurance, Sulfates,
'Passive monitors.
PB84-211192/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Western Regional Visibility Monitoring: Teleradlo-
meter and Camera Network.
John Muir Inst, for Environmental Studies, Inc., Napa,
CA.
Jun 84,107p EPA/600/4-84/058
Grant EPA-R-808562
The 1977 Clean Air Act Amendment provides for pro-
tection of visual air quality of certain federally managed
lands. In support of these provisions the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, in cooperation with the Na-
tional Park Service, has sponsored a number of visibili-
ty research programs. One program involves develop-
ment and operation of a western regional visibility
monitoring network. The objectives of this network are
to develop visibility monitoring methods, to character-
ize visibility in this region, and to provide data that can
be used to identify sources of visibility impairment. This
report describes the western network and methods
used to collect and process data, the results for the
period of record and quality assurance procedures. A
visibility theory section is provided to define terms and
concepts. Seasonal and monthly mean standard visual
range values with 90 percent confidence intervals and
cumulative frequency plots for each monitoring loca-
tion are reported. This report covers the data collec-
tion period from summer of 1978 through fall of 1981.
Keywords: 'Visibility, "Air pollution, "Cameras,
Sources, Electric power plants, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Sampling, Sites, Graphs(Charts), 'Air qual-
ity, 'Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977, "Teleradio-
meters, 'Air pollution sampling, Coal fired power
plants.
PB84-211200/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
Western Particulate Characterization Study,
California Univ., Davis. Crocker Nuclear Lab.
T. A. Cahill, R. G. Flocchini, R. A. Eldred, and P. J.
Feeney. Jun 84, 121p EPA/600/4-84/059
Grant EPA-R-808563
The design and operation of a 40-station network to
sample atmospheric particles resulted in the collec-
tion, over a 2-year period from July 1979 to September
1981, of the data summarized in this report. The sam-
pling stations were located in eight western states: Ari-
zona, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado, Wyoming, Mon-
tana, North Dakota, and South Dakota. The 40 remote
sites are regionally representative and are located on a
nearly regular grid over the eight states.
Keywords: "Particles, 'Air pollution, Sampling, Sites,
Quality assurance, Statistical analysis,
Concentration(Composition), "Air pollution sampling,
'Western Region(United States), 'Air quality.
PB84-211218/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Reactions of Dissolved Pollutants with Ozone In
Aqueous Solutions. Final rept. Apr 78-Aug 82,
Mississippi State Univ.. Mississippi State. Dept. of
Chemical Engineering.
C. H. Kuo. Jun 84,62p EPA/600/3-84/072
Grant EPA-R-805253
This research was undertaken to investigate kinetics
of liquid phase oxidation of selected hydrocarbons by
ozone. Rate constants and orders of the ozonation re-
actions in aqueous solutions of pH values varying from
3 to 7 at 5 to 35C were determined utilizing the
stopped-flow technique. Ozonation reactions of olefin-
ic compounds including cyciohexene, cyclopentene
and 1-pentene were much faster in aqueous solutions
than in the vapor phase. The rate constants of the bi-
molecular reactions are of the order of 1,000,0001/
mole sec or larger, and are nearly independent of the
pH value and temperature. Experimental results indi-
cate that saturated hydrocarbons such as cyclohex-
ane, cylopentane, hexane and pentane were not reac-
tive with dissolved ozone in solutions. Benzene and
toluene reacted with ozone at moderate rates in acidic
solutions but the ozonation of benzene was very rapid
in neutral solutions yielding a first order rate constant
of 12.2/sec at 25C. Orders of the ozonation of aromat-
ic compounds changed with acidity indicating a possi-
ble shift in mechanisms of the reactions. Preliminary
tests by the methods of chromatography showed that
acids and aldehydes were formed in ozonation of the
olefins and that oxidation of benzene produced benzo-
quinone and hydroquinone. Polymerization of the hy-
drocarbons might be indicated by detections of high
molecular species in the solutions.
Keywords: 'Reaction kinetics, "Oxidation, "Hydrocar-
bons, 'Ozonization, "Air pollution, "Dissolved gases,
pH, Olefin resins, Solutions, Spectrophotometry, Mass
spectroscopy, Concentration(Composition), Tempera-
ture, Gas chromatography, Rain,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Aromatic compounds.
Chemical reaction, Liquid phases, Aerosols, Gas anal-
ysis, "Acid rain, "Chemical reaction mechanisms, Ben-
zene.
PB84-211226/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab-Cincinnati,
OH.
Method of Chemical Analysis for Oil Shale
Wastes,
Denver Research Inst., CO.
J. R. Wallace, L. Alden, F. S. Bonomo, J. Nichols, and
E. Sexton. Jun 84,250p EPA/600/2-84/110
Contract EPA-68-03-2791
Several methods of chemical analysis are described
for oil shale wastewaters and retort gases. These
methods are designed to support the field testing of
various pollution control systems. As such, emphasis
has been placed on methods which are rapid and suffi-
ciently rugged to perform well under field conditions.
Ion chromatograph has been developed as a tech-
nique for the minor non-carbonate inorganic anions in
retort water, including S04, N03, S203, SCN(-I), and
total S. The method recommended for sulfide is a po-
tiometric titration with Pb(ll). The freezing point depres-
sion was used to determine the total solute content in
retort waters, a test which can be considered analo-
gous to the standard residue test. Three methods are
described for the determination of total ammoniacal ni-
trogen in retort wastewaters: (1) a modified ion selec-
tive electrode technique, (2) an optical absorption
technique, and (3) an ion chromatographic technique.
Total sulfur in retort gas is determined by combusting
the gas in a continuously flowing system, whereupon
the resulting sulfur dioxide is determined by S02 moni-
tor. Individual sulfur species in retort gas including
H2S, COS, S02, and CH3CH2SH are determined by
gas chromatography with flame photometric detection,
luality control, pH, conductivity, total inorganic
carbon, and total organic carbon measurements are
discussed briefly.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "Oil shale, "Water pol-
lution, "Air pollution, Gas analysis, Water analysis.
Chromatographic analysis, Spectrochemical analysis.
Volumetric analysis, Sulfate, Thiosulfates, Thiocyan-
ates, pH, Sulfur, Hydrogen sulfide, Sampling, "Water
pollution detection, "Air pollution detection, Ion chro-
matography, Carbonyl sulfide, Mercaptan/methyl,
Mercaptan/ethyl.
PB84-211259/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Application of Reburning for NO(x) Control to a
Firetube Package Boiler. Rept. for Apr 83-Mar 84,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J. A. Mulholland, and W. S. Lanier. Jun 84,20p EPA/
600/D-84/170
Presented at ASME Joint Power Generation Confer-
ence, Toronto, Canada, October 3-4, 1984. Prepared
in cooperation with Acurex Corp., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
The paper describes the use of a 730-kW (2.5 million
Btu/hr) firetube package boiler, to demonstrate the ap-
plication of reburning for NOx emission control. An
overall reduction of 50 percent from an uncontrolled
NOx emission of 200 ppm was realized by diverting 15
percent of the total boiler load to a natural-gas-fired
second stage burner. Tests indicate that the overall
order of destruction (with respect to initial NOx) is
greater than one; thus, larger reductions can be ex-
pected from reburning applications to systems with
higher initial NOx. Rich zone stoichiometry has been
identified as the dominant process variable. Primary
zone stoichiometry and rich zone residence time are
parameters that can be adjusted to maximize NOx re-
duction. Reburning applied to firetube package boilers
requires minimal facility modification. Natural gas
would appear to be an ideal reburning fuel, because ni-
trogen in the reburning fuel has been shown to inhibit
NOx reduction.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Nitrogen oxides,
'Fire tube boilers. Revision, Natural gas. Combustion
efficiency, Hydrocarbons, Combustion products, In-
dustrial wastes, * Reburning processes.
PB84-211267/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Evaluation of an Index of Blotic Integrity: Tempo-
ral Variability and Regional Application in the Mid-
west. Research brief,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Ecology,
Ethology and Evolution.
J. R. Karr, P. R. Yant, K. D. Fausch, and I. J. Schlosser
May 84,10p EPA-600/D-84-053
Grant EPA-R-806391
Prepared in cooperation with Michigan Univ., Ann
Arbor, Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, and North
Dakota Univ., Grand Forks.
Assessment of biotic integrity in water resource sys-
tems has been hampered by lack of indices suitable
for evaluating biological conditions. Biotic integrity is
defined as presence of a balanced, integrated, adapt-
ive community of organisms having a species compo-
sition, diversity, and functional organization compara-
ble to that of a natural habitat for the region. Classical
water quality assessments are usually based on chem-
ical, bacterial, or thermal criteria. This approach ne-
glects factors such as structural (habitat) characteris-
tics, and patterns of temporal variation in environmen-
tal characteristics, both of which affect biological con-
ditions and are subject to human alteration. An Index
of Biotic Integrity (IBI) based on analysis of fish com-
munities in streams was introduced by Karr.
Keywords: "Water resources, 'Regional planning,
"Fishes, Assessments, Fisheries, Abundance, Evalua-
tion, Stream flow, Species diversity, Trophic level.
PB84-211275/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Method
Study 16, Method 606-Phthalate Esters. Final rept.
Sep 78-Dec 81,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
J. D. Millar, R. E. Thomas, and H. J. Schattenberg. Jun
84,89p EPA-600/4-84-056
Contract EPA-68-03-2606
This report describes the results obtained and data
analysis from an Interlaboratory method study of EPA
Method 606 (Phthalate Esters). The method is de-
signed to analyze for six phthalate esters: dimethyl
phthalate, diethyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, ben-
zylbutyl phthalate, bis-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, and di-n-
octyl phthalate. The study design required the analyst
to dose six waters with each of six mixtures of the six
phthalates. The six dosing levels represented three
Youden pairs, one each at a low, an intermediate, and
a high level. A total of 16 laboratories participated in
the study. The method was studied to estimate the ac-
curacy and precision that can be expected, including
effects on accuracy and precision of analysis of differ-
ent matrices. In addition, results of method detection
limit and analytical curve studies and qualitative as-
sessments of the method based upon comments by
the participating laboratories are included.
Keywords: "Phthalates, "Water analysis, "Water qual-
ity, "Guidelines, Esters, Chemical analysis, Perform-
ance evaluation. Assessments, Sampling, Statistical
analysis, Water pollution, Microorganisms, Quality
control, Industrial wastes, Design criteria, "EPA
method 606, 'Water pollution detection, 'Water pollu-
tion sampling, Phthalic acid/(d!methyl-ester), Phthalic
acid/(diethyl-ester), Phthalic acid/(dibutyl-ester)
Phthalic acid/benzyl-(butyl-ester), Phthalic acid/
bis(ethylhexyl-ester), Monitoring, Procedures, Electron
capture detectors, Phthalic acio/(dioctyl-ester).
PB84-211283/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati
OH.	1
Characterization of Oil Shale Mine Waters, Central
Piceance Basin, Colorado. Final rept.,
Ksman Tempo, Denver, CO.
K. E. Kelly, and J. D. Dederick. Jun 84,82p EPA-600/
7-84-071
Contract EPA-68-03-2449
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
A study was conducted to characterize the oil shale
mine waters in the Piceance Basin. The study sites
were Federal Prototype Lease Tracts C-a and C-b, lo-
cated in the central portion of the basin. The objective
was to collect water quality data in order to character-
ize the mine waters and to assess the effectiveness of
treatment systems located at these facilities. These
treatment systems involve in-series retention ponds.
The overall conclusion with respect to the effective-
ness of the retention pond systems in maintaining or
improving water quality is that they appear to make
negligible difference unless chemicals are added. The
addition of the flocculent during periods of active
mining was very effective in reducing the suspended
sediment concentrations. In addition, sulfuric acid
treatment reduced the pH. Concerning the general
water quality, such as the trace elements, cations and
anions, and other pertinent constituents, there was not
a significant increase or decrease due to the chemical
additives. In addition, the effectiveness of the one-
pond and two-pond systems are very similiar.
Keywords: 'Oil shale, 'Tailings, "Water pollution con-
trol, 'Mine waters, 'Water quality, Assessments,
Lagoons(Ponds), Additives, Piceance Basin, Sites,
Field tests, Quality assurance.
PB84-211291/HSU	PC A08/MF AQ1
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Monitoring and Technical Support.
Field Surveys of Carbon Monoxide In Commercial
Settings Using Personal Exposure Monitors. Final
rept.,
Hawaii Univ. at Manoa, Honolulu.
P. G. Flachsbart, and W. R. Ott. Feb 84,164p EPA-
600/4-84-019
This study employed miniaturized personal exposure
monitors (PEMs) to measure carbon monoxide (CO) in
588 different commercial settings (e.g., retail stores,
office buildings, hotels, restaurants) in five California
cities. Altogether, 5000 CO observations were made
by recording the instantaneous instrument readings at
1-minute intervals as the investigators walked along
sidewalks and into buildings. For 11 of 15 survey
dates, two investigators walked side-by-side, permit-
ting two adjacent PEMs to be compared. Quality assur-
ance tests for 1706 pairs of values showed a very high
degree of agreement. CO levels for indoor commercial
settings were similar to those measured outdoors on
sidewalks, apparently because the pollutant seeps into
the structures from traffic outside. Although indoor
levels usually were above 0 ppm, they seldom were
above 9 ppm (the National Ambient Air Quality Stand-
ard for an 8-hour exposure), unless some indoor
source (e.g., enclosed parking garage) could be identi-
fied. For example, an office building with high CO
levels from its garage was 'hot' in the sense that CO
permeated the upper floors, exposing many office
workers to concentrations above 9 ppm, well above
ambient levels outside. Indoor settings, without their
own sources of CO. were sufficiently similar in concen-
trations to be treated as a class, although levels did
vary slightly from date to date. CO levels on outdoor
streets did not vary greatly on different sides of the
street, on corners and faces of blocks, and intersec-
tions.
Keywords: 'Dosimeters, 'Carbon monoxide, "Com-
mercial buildings, 'Exhaust emissions, Monitors, Ex-
posure, Field tests, Assessments,
Concentration(Composition), Urban areas, Office
buildings, Quality assurance, Air pollution, Industrial
hygiene, Public health, 'Indoor air pollution, 'Air pollu-
tion detection, 'Air quality, Occupational safety and
health.
PB84-211317/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Single Laboratory Evaluation of the Hydrogen Ox-
idation Soli Bioassay,
EG and G Idaho, Inc., Idaho Falls.
R. D. Rogers. Jun 84, 54p EPA/600/4-84/057
The Hydrogen Oxidation Soil Bioassay was single lab-
oratory tested as a potential method for monitoring
hazardous wastes and hazardous waste sites. The bio-
assay is based on the rate of hydrogen consumption
by soil microorganisms. Oxidation of hydrogen to water
is inhibited when various pollutants are present in the
soil and the rate of this reaction can be used as an indi-
cation of potential hazard to the soil ecosystem. The
single laboratory evaluation included ruggedness test-
ing, a determination of method sensitivity and preci-
sion, and tests to determine the limits of reliable meas-
urement. Aqueous solutions of mercuric chloride were
used as sample material during the evaluation. Some
preliminary tests were also conducted using both or-
ganic compounds and actual hazardous waste sam-
ples. The bioassay was found to be 'rugged' in the
sense that modest procedural variations did not
produce an altered test result. The complete Hydrogen
Oxidation Soil Bioassay protocol, the results of chemi-
cal analyses conducted on actual samples that were
used during the single laboratory test, and the prelimi-
nary bioassay responses to different types of sample
material are included in the project report.
Keywords: 'Bioassay, 'Soil analysis, "Oxidation, 'Hy-
drogen, 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste disposal,
Laboratory equipment, Microorganisms, Chemical
analysis. Toxicology, Reaction kinetics, 'Biological in-
dicators, 'Toxic substances, Ecosystems.
PB64-211333/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Road-Load Coastdown Testing of Selected 1981
thru 1984 Model Year Light-Duty Vehicles and
Light-Duty Trucks. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Cer-
tification Div.
Apr 84,16p EPA/AA/CD-84/01
Twenty-four 1981 through 1984 model year light-duty
vehicles and light-duty trucks were tested to determine
the force required to overcome the sum of aero-dy-
namic drag, tire rolling resistance and other frictional
losses. The primary purpose of this testing was to
compare the results from production vehicles with in-
formation submitted by the manufacturers for the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency's (EPA) emission certifi-
cation and fuel economy programs. Reevaluation of
EPA's entire alternate road-load procedure was a sec-
ondary goal.
Keywords: "Motor vehicles, "Trucks, Aerodynamic
drag, Exhaust emission, Fuel consumption, Tires,
Loads(Forces), Roads, 'Coast down tests, 'Light duty
vehicles, Light duty vehicles(1984 models), Fuel econ-
omy, Tire rolling resistance.
PB84-2113S8/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Branch.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Method
Study 18, Method 608 - Organochlorlne Pesticides
and PCB's. Final rept. Sep 78-Dec 81,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
J. D. Millar, R. E. Thomas, and H. J. Schattenberg. Jun
84,197p EPA-600/4-84-061
Contract EPA-68-03-2606
This report describes the results obtained and data
analysis from an interlaboratory evaluation of EPA
Method 608 (Organochlorine Pesticides and PCBs).
The method is designed to analyze for 16 single-com-
pound pesticides, chlordane, toxaphene, and seven
Aroclor formulations in water and wastewater. All were
included in this study except endrin aldehyde, suffi-
cient quantities of which could not be obtained. The
study design required the analyst to dose six waters
with eight analytical groups, each at six levels. The six
dosing levels of each substance or combination repre-
sented three Vouden pairs, one each at a low, an inter-
mediate, and a high level. The six waters used were a
laboratory pure water, a finished drinking water, and a
surface water, all collected by the participant, and
three low-background industrial effluents (SICs 2869
and 2621). A total of 22 laboratories participated in the
study. The method is assessed quantitatively with re-
spect to the accuracy and precision that can be ex-
pected. In addition, results of method detection limit
studies are included as are qualitative assessments of
the method based upon comments by the participating
laboratories.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Chlorine organic compounds,
"Water analysis, "Water pollution, Chemical analysis,
Chlordane, Potable water, Surface waters, Industrial
wastes,	Assessments,	Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Sampling, "EPA method
608, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls, "Water pollution de-
tection, Aroclors, Toxaphene, SIC 2869, SIC 2621.
PB84-211465/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Reporting and Recordkeeping Burdens Associat-
ed with EPA's Fuel Economy Program. Technical
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Cer-
tification Policy and Support Branch.
C. D. Tyree. May 83, 8p EPA-AA-CPSB-83-03
This report estimates the reporting and recordingkeep-
ing burdens associated with the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency's (EPA) fuel economy program. This as-
sessment was undertaken to fulfill the requirements of
the Office of Management and Budget's (OMB) Form
SF 83 for the proposed rulemaking entitled 'Revisions
to Improve Fuel Economy Labeling and the Fuel Econ-
omy Data Base.'
Keywords: "Fuel consumption, "Motor vehicles, 'Reg-
ulations, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air pollution, Assess-
ments, Labeling, Information systems.
PB84-211614/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH. Quality Assurance Branch.
EPA (Envlonmental Protection Agency) Method
Study 20, Method 610-PNA's (Polynuclear Aro-
matic Hydrocarbons). Final rept. 20 Sep 78-31 Oct
84,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
G. Kinzer, R. Riggin, T. Bishop, M. A. Birts, and P.
strup. Jun 84,148p EPA-600/4-84-063
Contract EPA-68-03-2624
Sixteen laboratories participated in an interlaboratory
study conducted to provide precision and accuracy
statements for the proposed EPA Method 610 for 16
selected polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons(PNA's)
which may be present in municipal and industrial aque-
ous discharges. Method 610 involves extraction of the
pollutants with methylene chloride and subsequent
analysis of the subject compounds by high perform-
ance liquid chromatography utilizing fluorescence and
ultraviolet detection of the PNA's. The study design
was based on Youden's plan for collaborative tests of
analytical methods. Three Youden pair samples of the
test compounds were spiked into six types of test
waters and then analyzed. The resulting data were sta-
tistically analyzed using the computer program entitled
'Interlaboratory Method Validation Study' (IMVS).
Mean recoveries of the PNA's were in the range of 41 -
100 percent. Overall precision was in the range of 23-
91 percent and single-analyst precision was in the
range of 11-48 percent. A statistically significant effect
due to water type was established for six of the sixteen
PNA compounds for which recoveries from distilled
water were generally lower than from wastewaters.
The effect was judged to be due to the analytical learn-
ing process and, therefore, of no practical importance.
For the other 10 PNA's, there were no differences of
practical significance due to water types among mean
recoveries, overall precisions, or single-analyst preci-
sions.
Keywords: "Water analysis, 'Water pollution, "Aro-
matic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Chemical analysis, Sol-
vent extraction, Industrial wastes, Sewage, Statistical
analysis,	Performance	evaluation,
Concentration(Composition), Sampling, 'Water pollu-
tion detection, Gel chromatography.
PB84-21194S/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstration of Pesticide
Products Containing Cyclohexlmlde.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 82,100p EPA-540/RS-82-009
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Standards, 'Guidelines, Ecol-
ogy, Regulations, Manufacturing, Ecology, Chemical
industry, Genetics, Labeling, Toxicology, Environmen-
tal impacts, Residues, Metabolism, Public health, "Re-
registration, "Toxic substances, "Glutarimide/((di-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
methyl-oxocyclohexyl)-hydroxyethyl), Path of pollut-
ants.
PB84-211994/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, Oakland
County, Michigan: Description and Assessment of
Stormwater Management Programs in Oakland
County. Final rept. Jun 79-Mar 81,
Southeast Michigan Council of Governments, Detroit.
L. F. Dean. Dec 80,184p
Grant EPA-P-005423-01 -0
This document provides an evaluation of the existing
institutional framework for stormwater management in
Oakland County, Ml, and further, to what extent
present government policies and requirements related
to stormwater control benefit water quality.
Keywords: "Water quality, 'Surface water runoff,
"Water pollution, Hydrology, Urban planning, Sedi-
ments, Assessments, Standards, Michigan, Surface
drainage, 'Storm water runoff, "Water quality manage-
ment, Land use, Oakland County(Michigan).
PB84-212091/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
History and Description of the EPA (Environmen-
tal Protection Agency) Motor Vehicle Fuel Econo-
my Program. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Cer-
tification Policy and Support Branch.
C. D. Tyree. Sep 82,16p EPA-AA-CPSB-82-02
This report describes the history of the Environmental
Protection Agency's (EPA) fuel economy program
from the early 1970's up to and including the 1984
model year. (Beginning with the 1985 model year pro-
gram significant changes were made to the program to
improve the accuracy of the label values. These
changes are not addressed in this document.) The fuel
economy program is conducted at the Motor Vehicle
Emission Laboratory (MVEL) located in Ann Arbor,
Michigan. The energy crisis of the early 1970's brought
into focus the need for a reliable source of automobile
fuel economy information. Because the EPA was al-
ready testing representative vehicles from all manu-
facturers for exhaust emissions compliance the task of
generating fuel economy values on these vehicles was
straight forward. Congress gave EPA the responsibility
for establishing a mandatory fuel economy program
beginning with the 1977 model year. This report de-
scribes the methodology used to group a manufactur-
er's product line into representative subgroups for test-
ing and calculation purposes. The resulting data are
used to calculate new car label values, each individual
manufacturer's Corporate Average Fuel Economy
(CAFE), and any potential Gas Guzzler Tax liability.
Keywords: "Fuel consumption, "Motor vehicles, "Eco-
nomic analysis, "Exhaust emissions, "Air pollution, La-
beling, Automobiles, Regulations.
PB84-212109/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, Lake Quinal-
gamond Urban Runoff Project: Alternatives for
Stormwater Pollution Control. Final rept. Jun 76-
Apr 82,
Massachusetts Dept. of Environmental Quality Engi-
neering, Boston.
W. C. Pisano, and J. Rhodes. May 81,38p
Grant EPA-P-001114-01-6
See also PB84-212125. Prepared in cooperation with
Environmental Design and Planning, Inc., Boston, MA.
This report, the fourth in a series, examines the possi-
bilities of stormwater pollution control. The variety of
possible controls is screened and specific possibilities
selected for the Quinsigamond watershed. These con-
trol strategies are further examined in terms of their
potential for meeting lake water quality goals, and their
relative costs.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Water pollution control, "Urban
areas, Lakes, Cost analysis, Sediments, Nutrients,
Metals, Bacteria, Disinfection, Weed control, "Storm
water runoff, "Urban hydrology, Heavy metals, Organic
loading.
176 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB84-212117/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, Lake Quinsi-
gamond Urban Runoff Project: Report on Storm-
water Measurements and Modeling - Appendices
A, B, and C. Final rept. Jun 76-Apr 82,
Massachusetts Dept. of Environmental Quality Engi-
neering, Boston.
W. P. Pisano, and J. Rhodes. Apr 81,241 p
Grant EPA-P-001114-01-6
See also PB84-212109, and PB84-212125. Prepared
in cooperation with Environmental Design and Plan-
ning, Inc., Boston, MA.
The study Appendix A of the urban runoff program, in-
cludes Flow Water Quality Plots.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Water pollution, "Urban areas,
Stream flow, Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data), Water-
sheds, Concentration(Composition), Inorganic ni-
trates, Inorganic phosphates, "Storm water runoff,
"Urban hydrology, Organic loading.
PB84-212125/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, Lake Quinsi-
gamond Urban Runoff Project. Watershed Man-
agement Plan for Lake Quinsigamond and Flint
Pond (Worcester, Shrewsbury, Grafton, Millbury,
Boylston and West Boylston, Massachusetts).
Final rept. Jun 76-Apr 82,
Massachusetts Dept. of Environmental Quality Engi-
neering, Boston.
J. M. McGinn. Apr 82,410p
Grant EPA-P-001114-01-6
See also PB84-212117. Prepared in cooperation with
Massachusetts Water Resources Commission,
Boston. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
This report discusses the water quality conditions of
basin waters, the point and nonpoint pollution sources,
and control alternatives and costs.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Water pollution, "Lake Quinsiga-
mond, "Flint Pond, Water quality, Sediments, Mathe-
matical models, Municipalities, Earthfills, Sedimenta-
tion, Waste disposal, Streets, Dust, Deicers, Flood
plains, Pavements, Reservoirs, Water storage, Ero-
sion, Agriculture, "Storm water runoff, Urban hydrolo-
gy, Nonpoint sources, Point sources, "Alternative plan-
ning.
PB84-212208/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Strategies for Utilizing Laboratory Toxicological
Information In Regulatory Decisions,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
J. H. Gentile, and S. C. Schimmel. Jul 84,37p EPA-
600/D-84-182
Implementation of the goals of each EPA regulatory
program requires the use of laboratory test data to de-
termine the toxicological properties of the chemical
substances being regulated. This information is then
used to predict the potential impact of a material on
the environment. Since the implementation of the
'Acts', considerable research effort has been devoted
to developing a wide variety of biological toxicity tests
to define the effects of chemicals on organisms and
communities. The purpose of this paper is to examine
how various types of toxicological data are organized,
interpreted and utilized in making regulatory decisions.
Two Approaches are examined in detail. First, the
strategy used for developing water quality criteria for
the protection of aquatic life. Second, the concept of
hazard assessment is examined emphasizing both the
similarities and differences with the criteria strategy. Fi-
nally, a retrospective case study is presented for each
strategy to illustrate the relationship between the pre-
dictions derived from laboratory toxicity tests and field
observations.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Regulations, "Chemical
compounds, "Water pollution, Environmental impacts,
Field tests, Laboratory equipment, Water quality, Ecol-
ogy, Hazardous materials, Management planning,
"Water pollution standards, "Water quality manage-
ment.
PB84-212216/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Radiological Survey of Portsmouth Naval Ship-
yard, Kittery, Maine, and Environs,
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
R. S. Callis, S. T. Windham, and C. R. Phillips. Jul 79,
25p EPA-520/5-79-003
The Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility (EERF),
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), in co-
operation with the U.S. Naval Sea System Command
(NAVSEA) has conducted several radiological surveys
of ports which serve nuclear powered vessels. These
studies were undertaken to determine if nuclear pow-
ered vessel operations, including berthing, repair, and
servicing have created environmental radioactivity
levels which could result in significant radiation expo-
sure to the public. This survey of Portsmouth Naval
Shipyard (PNS) was conducted July 1977.
Keywords: "Nuclear powered ships, "Shipyards, Har-
bors, Radioactive contaminants, Maine, "Radiation
monitoring, Environment protection, "Portsmouth
Naval Shipyard, Kittery(Maine).
PB84-212224/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Waste Crankcase Oil Heater Study: Phase 2. Or-
ganic and Inorganic Speclation Analyses. Final
rept. Sep 82-Mar 84,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
M. Cooke, W. E. Bresler, T. L. Hayes, R. L. Livingston,
and C. T. Litsey. Jul 84,66p EPA-600/7-84-072
Contract EPA-68-02-3628
See also Phase 1, PB83-209882.
The report gives results of measurements of specific
chemical species in emissions from two waste-oil-fired
commercial heaters. The species were identified earli-
er in a Level 1 analysis of similar emissions. One
heater utilized a vaporizing pot, and the other, an air
atomization combustion chamber. Polynuclear aromat-
ic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed in gaseous
emissions from both units. Elemental analyses (Includ-
ing Pb, Fe, Cd, Zn, CI, and Br) were performed on the
air atomization discharges. Analyses also were con-
ducted on these emissions to measure possible organ-
olead constituents and to determine the distribution of
iron oxidation states (Fe(ll) versus Fe(lll)). In addition,
several waste crankcase oils were tested for the ele-
mental species of interest to establish baseline levels
for emission data and to determine the effect on metal
concentrations of both filtration and sedimentation
during storage. Elevated levels of PAHs were found in
emissions from both heaters. Elevated levels of metal-
lic species also were found, and Fe(lll) was deter-
mined to be the major form of iron in combustion emis-
sions from the waste-oil-fired air atomization heater.
Since combinations of certain PAHs and Fe(lll) have
been shown to promote certain types of mammalian
cancers, these results indicate a potentially serious
health hazard.
Keywords: "Gas analysis, "Heating equipment, "Oil
burners, "Air pollution, X ray spectroscopy. Lubricating
oils, Fuels, Crankcases, Organic compounds, Inorgan-
ic compounds, Forecasting, Sampling, Lead organic
compounds, Particles, Metals, Toxicity, Aromatic poly-
cyclic hydrocarbons, Concentration(Composition),
Combustion products, Industrial wastes, "Oil wastes,
"Air pollution detection, "Refuse derived fuels, Liquid
wastes, Baseline measurements, Air atomizing burn-
ers, Vaporizing pot burners, Cancer.
PB84-212232/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Zooplankton as a Food Source,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Dept. of Food Science
and Technology.
K. L. Simpson, G. Klein-MacPhee, and A. D. Beck. Jul
84,41 p EPA-600/D-84-183
Grant EPA-R-811042
While thousands of zooplankton species could poten-
tially serve as food for larval stages of cultured fish and
crustaceans, the aquaculturists practical choice of a
reproducible live food ratio is quite limited. In practice
rotifers and brine shrimp are the most commonly used
zooplankton for these critical larval stages. The rea-
sons for the popularity of these organisms lies in the
fact that they are easily obtained or cultured, are of ap-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
spectrum of larval forms. Recently, aquaculturists
have turned their attention to the quality of the rotifers
and brine shrimp that are being fed. The brine shrimp
has been shown to have a limited capacity to biosynth-
esize long-chain fatty acids and, thus, its nutrition
takes on added significance. An Artemia reference
sample is now available, so that one can compare the
growth and survival of experimental animals fed the
reference brine shrimp versus those fed an acquired
batch of Artemia.
Keywords: "Zooplankton, "Food, 'Crustacea, 'Fishes,
Shrimps, Larvae, Aquaculture, Animal nutrition, Fatty
acids, Chlorohydrocarbons, "Artemia.
PB84-212240/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
TOX (Total Organic Halogen), Is It the Non-Specif-
ic Parameter of the Future,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
A. A. Stevens, R. C. Dressman, R. K. Sorrell, and H. J.
Brass. Jun 84, 32p EPA-600/D-84-169
A total organic halogen (TOX) analysis directly meas-
ures halogen (CI, Br, I) covalently bound to organic
molecules in a sample. Currently, the most popular
method for TOX in water involves carbon adsorption,
oxidative combustion, followed by measurement of the
formed hydrogen halide by microcoulometry. TOX can
be used as an indicator of water quality and in water
treatment for unit process design and control. TOX
can be a direct measure of disinfection by-product for-
mation or, in some circumstances, a surrogate meas-
ure of individual organic pollutants. Individual circum-
stances must be carefully judged to determine the use-
fulness of TOX in these applications.
Keywords: 'Halogen organic compounds, 'Water
analysis, 'Water quality, 'Potable water, 'Water treat-
ment, Adsorption, Disinfection, Hazardous materials,
Solid waste disposal, Sampling, Chemical analysis,
Coulometers, 'Total organic halogen analysis, 'water
pollution detection.
PB84-212257/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Statistical Analysis ot 'Neanthes arenaceoden-
tata', Sitter Chromatid Exchange Data,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
G. Pesch, J. Heltshe, and C. Mueller. Jul 84,23p EPA-
600/D-84-181
This paper presents a statistical evaluation of the
sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay using
Neanthes arenaceodentata. Specific issues discussed
are distribution of baseline SCE frequencies, transfor-
mations of SCE data, statistical sensitivity of the assay,
repeatability of test results and sources of variability of
SCE data. Probabilities of false positives and false
negatives are considered and recommendations are
made for appropriate transformation of data, experi-
mental design, and test conditions.
Keywords: 'Chromosomes, 'In vivo analysis, Statisti-
cal analysis, Mutations, Worms, 'Sister chromatid ex-
change, Neanthes arenaceodentata, Cytogenetics.
PB84-212349/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Guidance (or the Reraglstratlon of Product* Con-
taining Simazlne a* the Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Mar 84.159p EPA-540/RS-84-003
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Guidelines, 'Standards, Reg-
ulations, Bibliographies, Labeling, Packaging, Hazard-
ous materials, Toxicity, 'Reregistration, 'Princep.
PB84-212368/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Assessment of Hazardous Waste Mismanagement
Damage Case Histories. Final rept.
Hart (Fred C.) Associates, Inc., New York.
Apr 84, 419p EPA/530/SW-84-002
Contract EPA-68-01 -6474
This report summarizes existing data on damage histo-
ries associated with land and non-land based hazard-
ous waste storage, treatment, and disposal facilities.
The objectives were to develop estimates of potential
damages due to hazardous waste mismanagement
and to develop an extensive data base delineating the
types of damages that could occur and the reasons for
those damages. While a total of 929 sites were select-
ed for evaluation by this study, because very specific
criteria were utilized in selecting these sites, they are
not necessarily representative of all hazardous waste
damage cases. However, the study has provided infor-
mation that should be useful in gaining an understand-
ing of: kinds of events that have resulted in contamina-
tion or damage at different facility types, kinds of
chemicals commonly implicated at different facility
types, kinds of remedial responses that have been ini-
tiated at a number of sites, and kinds of facilities and
facility operations that have led to contamination and
damage incidents in the past.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste dispos-
al, 'Management planning, 'Damage, Assessments,
Sites, Earth fills, Containers, Tanks, Piles, Chemical
compounds, Sources, 'Land pollution, Hazardous ma-
terials transportation, Cases, Impoundments.
PB84-212448/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Method
Study 24, Method 601-Purgeable Halocarbons by
the Purge Trap Method. Final rept. Sep 79-Dec 82,
Monsanto Co., Dayton, OH.
B. J. Warner, C. S. Friedman, L. Metcalfe, T. J. Morrow,
and A. D. Snyder. Jul 84.269p EPA-600/4-84-064
Contract EPA-68-03-2856
The experimental design and results of a validations
study for an analytical method to detect 29 halocar-
bons in water are described herein. In Method 601, the
halocarbons are purged by an inert gas which is bub-
bled through the aqueous sample. The vapors are then
trapped in a short column containing a suitable sor-
bent. The trapped components are then thermally de-
sorbed onto the head of a chromatographic column
and measured by means of halide specific detector. In
this study, the 29 halocarbon compounds were divided
into three separate mixes to minimize interferences
from co-eluting peaks. The spiking solutions employed
in the study contained the 29 halocarbons at six con-
centrations. Six water matrices were used in the study:
distilled water, drinking water, and a surface water all
supplied by the cooperating laboratories; and three in-
dustrial wastewaters supplied by the Monsanto Com-
pany. Statistical analyses and conclusions in this
report are based on analytical data obtained by 20 col-
laborating laboratories. '
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Purging, 'Water anal-
ysis, 'Halogen organic compounds, Sampling, Labora-
tory equipment, Sediments, Statistical analysis, Com-
parison, Chlorine organic compounds, Quality assur-
ance. Potable water, Performance evaluation. Surface
waters, *EPA method 601, 'Water pollution detection.
PB84-212455/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Estimate of Changes to Fuel Economy Label
Values Resulting from the Proposed Mid-Year
Label Updating. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Cer-
tification Policy and Support Branch.
Nov 82,8p EPA-AA-CPSB-82-04
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is pro-
posing several changes to the current fuel economy
program which will increase the usefulness and repre-
sentativeness of the fuel economy values to consum-
ers. One of these proposals is to have the label values
updated at least once per model year, at about mid-
year. The label updating would involve recalculating
the label values using revised sales projections and in-
cluding test data obtained since the initial label calcu-
lation. This report estimates the maximum number of
label values that would likely change by mid-year and
magnitude these changes.
Keywords: "Fuel consumption, "Regulations, "Eco-
nomic analysis, Labeling.
PB84-212463/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Proposal for 1980 and Earlier Light-Duty Gas Ve-
hicle Emission Factors for MOBILES. Technical
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
T. L. Darlington. May 84,16p EPA-AA-TEB-EF-84-1
This report discusses a proposal for new exhaust
emission factor rates of hydrocarbons (HC) carbon
monoxide (CO) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). The new
exhaust emission rates were developed for 1975-1980
light-duty gasoline vehicles at both high and low alti-
tudes. The rates were not updated for the California
region. The HC and CO rates were developed from a
sample of vehicles that excluded those with evidence
of air pump tampering, catalyst removal and misfuel-
ing. The NOx emission rates were developed from a
sample that excluded the same vehicles plus those
with evidence of EGR tampering. The HC and CO
rates for 1980 are substantially lower than MOBILE2,
while the HC, CO, and NOx rates for 1975-1979 are
little changed from MOBILE2. Included in this report
are the effect of these new rates.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Hydro-
carbons, 'Carbon monoxide, "Nitrogen oxides, Regu-
lations, Motor vehicles, Gasoline, Tables(Data),
'Emission factors, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Mobile
source emissions model.
PB84-212471/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Cost Analysis of Proposed Changes to 40 CFR
(Code of Federal Regulations) Part 800 to Im-
prove Fuel Economoy Labeling and the Fuel
Economy Data Base. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Cer-
tification Policy and Support Branch.
C. D. Tyree. Sep 82,14p EPA-AA-CPSB-82-03
This analysis has been written to estimate the eco-
nomic impact on the automotive industry of the various
rule changes proposed in the Notice of Proposed
Rulemaking (NPRM) entitled 40 Code of Federal Reg-
ulations Part 600 Fuel Economy of Motor Vehicles-Re-
visions to Improve Fuel Economy Labeling and Fuel
Economy Data Base.
Keywords: 'Fuel consumption, 'Cost analysis, 'Eco-
nomic impact, 'Automotive industry, Labeling, Infor-
mation systems. Regulations, Motor vehicles.
PB84-212679/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Mathematical Model of Electrostatic Precipitation
(Revision 3): Volume 1. Modeling and Program-
ming. Final rept. May 80-May 82,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
M. G. Faulkner, and J. L. DuBard. Jun 84,471 p* SORI-
EAS-82-434, EPA-600/7-84-069A
Grant EPA-R-806216
Supersedes PB-284 614, PB-246 188 and PB80-
190994. See also Volume 2, PB84-212687.
The report documents briefly the fundamental mecha-
nisms and limiting factors involved in electrostatic pre-
cipitation. It also discusses theories and procedures
used in a model to describe the physical mechanisms.
It generally describes the major operations performed
in a computer program, lists the entire computer pro-
gram, and defines all variables used in the program.
Improvements in the model include a new way to cal-
culate solutions to the electric field equations, a dy-
namic way to describe the effects of rapping reentrain-
ment, a way to calculate effluent opacity, and a way to
check the input data. Revision 3 of the model calcu-
lates efficiency in about 10% of the time required by
Revision 1. The option to use input data expressed en-
tirely in the metric system is provided, as are options to
terminate the calculation after calculating V-l curves
and to use an internal data set to estimate precipitator
efficiency based on the resistivity of the dust particles.
Computer program subroutines that perform funda-
mental calculations or utilize numericaUechniques are
described in sufficient detail to provide an understand-
ing of their content and usage. A detailed flow chart Is
provided for each subroutine. Input and output varia-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
bles are described, and limitations on these variables
are noted.
Keywords: * Air pollution control equipment, 'Electro-
static precipitators, "Mathematical models, Computer
programming, Electrostatic precipitation, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Design criteria, Revi-
sions, Electrical resistivity, Electric corona, Dust con-
trol, Subroutines, Performance evaluation, Particles,
Plumes.
PB84-212687/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Mathematical Model of Electrostatic Precipitation
(Revision 3): Volume 2. User's Manual. Final rept.
May 80-May 82,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
M. G. Faulkner, and J. L. DuBard. Jun 84,375p* EPA-
600/7-84-069B
Grant EPA-R-806216
Supersedes PB-284615. See also Volume 1, PB84-
212679.Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The report gives a comprehensive description of how
to use the computer program which performs the cal-
culations in the mathematical model of electrostatic
precipitation, and instructs in the proper use of the
model. The input and output data associated with the
computer program are described in detail and are pre-
sented in various forms covering the different uses of
the model. The predictions of the model are compared
with experimental data, and the agreement obtained is
discussed. The various applications of the model are
described and demonstrated in detail. Applications of
the model for troubleshooting and sizing of precipita-
tors are discussed. Precautions to take in using the
model are emphasized throughout.
Keywords: "Mathematical models, *Air pollution con-
trol equipment, 'Manuals, 'Electrostatic precipitators.
Electrostatic precipitation, Industrial wastes, Computer
programming, Combustion products, Comparison, Par-
ticle size, Input output routines, 'User
manuals(Computer programs).
PB84-212695/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Lab.
Chlorinated Organic Compounds In Digested,
Heat-Conditioned, and Purlfax-Treated Sludges.
Final rept.,
Camp, Dresser and McKee, Inc., Boston, MA.
A. B. Pincince, and C. J. Fournier. Jul 84,106p EPA-
600/2-84-117
Contract EPA-68-03-2803
Wastewater sludges were stabilized by Purifax treat-
ment, anaerobic digestion and heat conditioning. The
processed sludges from the Purifax process at chlo-
rine dosages normally used in processing wastewater
sludges contained 2 to > 14 times the total organic
chlorine content of the other processes. Most of the
organic chlorine was insoluble and associated with the
sludge cake. In analyses for priority pollutants, less
than 16 percent of the chlorinated material was recov-
ered.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Industrial waste treat-
ment, 'Sewage treatment, 'Sludge, 'Chlorine organic
compounds, Stability, Chlorination, Heat treatment,
Anaerobic processes. Pilot plants, Leaching, Sam-
pling, Purifax process, Anaerobic digestion, Proce-
dures.
PB84-212703/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Filtration of 'Glardia' Cysts and Other Substances.
Volume 1. Diatomaceous Earth Filtration. Final
rept. Mar 81-Mar 84,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Civil Engi-
neering.
K P Lange, W. D. Bellamy, and D. W. Hendricks. Jun
84,203p EPA-600/2-84-114
Grant EPA-R-808650
The effectiveness of diatomaceous earth filtration of
drinking water was studied under various operating
conditions for removal of Giardia cysts, total coliform
bacteria, standard plate count bacteria, turbidity, and
particles. Seven grades of diatomaceous earth were
used. Temperatures ranged from 5 to 19C, and con-
178 Vol. 90, No. 24
centrations of Giardia cysts and bacteria were varied
over two or more log cycles. Diatomaceous earth filtra-
tion is an effective process for water treatment.
Keywords: "Water treatment, 'Microorganism
control(Water), 'Filtration, 'Bacteria, Performance
evaluation, Coliform bacteria, Potable water, Reviews,
Design criteria, Turbidity, Sampling, Pilot plants, Labo-
ratory equipment, Field tests, Sites, 'Diatomaceous
earth filtration, 'Giardia Lamblia.
PB84-212711/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Geophysical Methods for Locating Abandoned
Wells,
Geological Survey, Denver, CO.
F. C. Frischknecht, L. Muth, R. Grette, T. Buckley, and
B. Kornegay. Jul 84,228p EPA-600/4-84-065
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
A preliminary study of the feasibility of using geophysi-
cal exploration methods to locate abandoned wells
containing steel casing indicated that magnetic meth-
ods promise to be effective and that some electrical
techniques might be useful as auxiliary methods.
Ground magnetic measurements made in the vicinity
of several known cased wells yielded total field anom-
alies with peak values ranging from about 1,500 to
6,000 gammas. The anomalies measured on the
ground are very narrow and, considering noise due to
other cultural and geologic sources, a line spacing on
the order of 50 feet (15.2m) would be necessary to
locate all casings in the test area.
Keywords: 'Wells, 'Geophysical surveys, Magnetic
detection, Magnetometers, Mathematical models,
Field tests, Cost estimates, Computer programs,
'Abandoned wells.
PB84-212737/HSU	PC A21/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Isolation, Characterization, and Identification of
Microorganisms from Laboratory and Full-Scale
LandfHIs. Final rept. Sep 77-Sep 82,
Cincinnati Univ., OH.
J. A. Donnelly, and P. V. Scarpino. Jul 84, 500p EPA-
600/2-84-1 19
Grant EPA-R-804733
Studies were conducted to determine whether solid
wastes in landfills contain human pathogens and
whether these organisms survive landfill conditions
and drain out with the leachate. Pilot-scale and com-
mercial-sized landfill operations were evaluated, along
with laboratory-sized lysimeters containing municipal
solid waste, hospital waste, and sewage sludge. Total
and fecal conforms in initial leachate tended to de-
crease rapidly with time, whereas the numbers of fecal
streptococci decreased at a slower rate. These indica-
tor organisms were generally below detectable limits in
leachates after a year, but, specific microorganisms,
(including pathogens) could be isolated from these
leachates and from the solid wastes.
Keywords: 'Microorganisms, 'Earth fills, 'Laborato-
ries, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Bloassay, Leaching,
Sewage. Separation, Pathology, Hospitals, Hospital
wastes, Sewage sludge.
PB84-212745/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Cyclopenta-Fused Isomers of Benz(a)anthracene
Identification of Major Microsomal Metabolites,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. Sangaiah, A. Gold, G. E. R. Easterilng, R. Watts,
and B. J. Bryant. Jul 84,26p EPA-600/D-84-179
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environmental Sciences and En-
gineering, and Northrop Services, Inc., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
The microsomal metabolism of a variety of polycyclic
systems has been investigated as part of an interest in
structure-activity relationships governing cytochrome
P-450 mediated bioactivation of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAH). Considerable effort has recently
been devoted to non-alternate PAH containing a fused
five-membered ring, since many compounds in this
class, such as cyclopenta (cd) pyrene and the benzo-
fluoranthenes, are both mutagenic and carcinogenic.
The authors report on the metabolism of a series of
four cyclopenta-PAH isomers formed from
benz(a)anthracene by fusing a five-membered ring be-
tween C4-C5 (benz(k)acephenanthrylene, B(k)A), C6-
C7 (benz(e)aceanthrylene, B(e)A), C7-C8
(benz(j)aceanthrylene, B(j)A), and C11-C12
(benz(l)aceanthrylene, B(1)A). The metabolite profiles
of these PAHs have been determined with Aroclor-
1254, 5,6-benzoflavone and phenobarbital induced rat
liver microsomes and the major metabolites unequivo-
cally identified. In accord with the expected reactivity
of the cyclopenta double bond towards epoxidation,
the corresponding dihydrodlols are major metabolites
of each of the PAHs. For B(I)A, and B(j)A, metabolites
at the K-region are also observed. For B(e)A, forma-
tion of the 9,10-dihydrodiol (distal to the pseudo bay
formed by the cyclopenta ring) is another major path-
way. The mutagenicity of these PAHs is described in
the following abstract.
Keywords: "Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, "Me-
tabolism, 'Environmental surveys, "Chemical analysis,
Mutagens, Liver, Laboratory animals, Nuclear magnet-
ic resonance, Toxicology, Chemical reactions, Molecu-
lar structure, Proteins, "Biotransformation, "Metabo-
lites, Aroclor 1254, Benzacephenanthrylene, Benza-
ceanthrylene, Cyclopentapyrene, Benzofluoranth-
enes, High performance liquid chromatography.
PB84-2127S2/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Veoas.
NV.
Vadose Zone Monitoring for Hazardous Wast*
Sites,
Kaman Tempo, Santa Barbara, CA.
L. G. Everett, L. G. Wilson, and E. W. Hoylman. Oct 83
379p" EPA-600/X-83-064
Contract EPA-68-03-3090
This book describes the applicability of vadose zone
monitoring techniques to hazardous waste site investi-
gations. More than 70 different sampling and nonsam-
pling vadose zone monitoring techniques are de-
scribed in terms of their advantages and disadvan-
tages. Physical, chemical, geologic, topographic, geo-
hydrologic, and climatic constraints for vadose zone
monitoring are quantitatively determined. Vadose zone
monitoring techniques are categorized for premonitor-
ing, active, and postclosure site assessments. Waste
disposal methods are categorized for piles, landfills,
impoundments, and land treatment. Conceptual
vadose zone monitoring approaches are developed for
specific waste disposal method categories.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Solid waste dispos-
al, Earth fills, Pile structure, Sites, Assessments, Geol-
ogy. Hydrology, Sources, Sampling, Water pollution,
"Vadose zone, Impoundments, Land disposal, Moni-
toring.	'
PB84-212802/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH
Center for Environmental Research Information.
New Technologies in Sludge Dewaterlng,
American Society of Civil Engineers, New York.
J. E. Smith, Jr., J. A. Semon, S. Kyosai, and T. Kato Jul
84,11pEPA-600/D-84-175
Prepared in cooperation with Stamford, CT„ Public
Works Research Inst., Ibaraki (Japan), and NGK-
Locke, Inc., New York.
Three new dewaterlng methods are described in detaH
together with their performance capabilities. Using
case histories of actual installations with these meth-
ods for the dewatering of primary and waste activated
sludge mixtures operation, maintenance and design in-
formation is presented. An effort is made to critically
compare these methods with those presently betrn
used.	v
Keywords: "Sludge, 'Dewaterlng, Performance eval-
uation, Activated sludge process, Operations, Mainte-
nance, Design, Comparison, Diagrams, Hydraulic
presses, "Sun sludge press.
PB84-212828/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Immunologic Effects of Nickel: I. Suppression of
Cellular and Humoral Immunity. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triannio
Park, NC.	**
R. J. Smialowicz, R. R. Rogers, M. M. Riddle, and G a
Stott. 1984,17p EPA-600/J-84-042	'
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The effects of nickel chloride on the cellular and hu-
moral immune responses of mice were studied. A
single intramuscular injection of nickel chloride (18.3
mg/kg) caused a significant involution of the thymus
within 2 days following treatment. Significant reduc-
tions in the in vitro mitogen-stimulated response of
lymphocytes from nickel chloride-treated mice (24 hr
following a single injection of 18.3 or 36.6 mg/kg) were
observed for the T-cell mitogens phytohemagglutinin
(PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A), and the B- and T-
cell mitogen pokeweed mitogen (PWM) but not the B-
cell mitogen lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Theta-positive
but not Ig-positive spleen cells were significantly re-
duced in nickel-treated mice compared with controls.
Significant suppression of the primary antibody re-
sponse to the T-cell dependent antigen sheep red
blood cells was observed following a single injection of
18.3 mg/kg NiCI2. Natural killer (NK) cell activity was
significantly suppressed following a single injection of
18.3 mg/kg NiCI2. The administration of NiCI2 (18.3
mg/kg) also decreased the amount of endotoxin re-
quired to kill 50% of treated mice, although this was
not statistically significant. In all cases the immunosup-
pressive effects of NiCI2 were found to be transient
with responses returning to normal within a few days.
Keywords: 'Immunology, "Nickel chloride, Mice, Labo-
ratory animals, Responses, Reprints, Cellular immuni-
ty, Humoral immunity, Immune responses.
PB84-212851	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Importance of Monitoring Metabolic Recovery In
the Coral 'Acropora cervicornis' after Short-Term
Exposure to Drilling Muds: Calcification Rate and
Protein Concentration. Journal article,
Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Dept. of Ocean-
ography.
J. J. Kendall, Jr., E. N. Powell, S. J. Connor, T. J. Bright,
and C. E. Zastrow. c1984,14p EPA-600/J-84-040
Grant EPA-R-806793
Pub. in Coral Reefs 2, p215-2251984.
The effect of used drilling muds on coral health was
examined by monitoring changes in calcification rate
and soluble tissue protein concentration in the coral
Acropora cervicornis. Exposure to 25 ppm (v/v) of one
mud for 24 h reduced calcification rate in the growing
tips by as much as 62%. In recovery experiments,
corals were exposed to drilling muds for 24 h; some of
them were allowed to recover in clean seawater for 48
h. After the 24-hour exposure, calcification rates were
significantly less than those of the controls. After a 48-
hour recovery period, calcification rates returned to
control levels for one mud but were still significantly
below control levels for another. The results indicate
that the capacity for recovery after exposure cannot be
predicted from the results of experiments on exposure
only. Recovery capacity must be independently veri-
fied for all studies on the effects of short-term expo-
sure to drilling muds.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Drilling fluids, 'Coral, Aquatic
animals, Exposure, Reprints, Acropora cervicornis,
•Water pollution effects)Animals).
PB84-212869	Not available NTIS
'In Vitro' Effects of Mineral Fiber*. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
L. D. Palekar, P. M. Cook, and D. L. Coffin. C1983,8p
EPA-600/J-83-221
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v51 p11 -
161983,
In vivo tests available to determine the toxicity of min-
eral fibers are too expensive and time-consuming to be
regularly employed in the evaluation of the potential
health hazard posed by natural and man-made fibers.
In vitro procedures, while economical, convenient and
capable of ranking 'relative toxicity', are uncertain pre-
dictors of specific lesions. Thus, it is of interest to com-
pare the results of various standard in vitro tests with
the results of in vivo tests. Data are available for intra-
tracheal and intrapleural exposures of animals to am-
phibole mineral fibers from UICC amosite and a fibrous
form of ferroactinoiite. This paper presents data from
parallel in vitro studies employing these minerals. The
methods used were mammalian erythrocyte lysis, Chi-
nese hamster ovary cell clonal cytotoxicity assay, and
rabbit alveolar macrophage cytotoxicity assay.
Keywords: *ln vivo analysis, 'Toxicology, Cost effec-
tiveness, Reprints, "Mineral fibers.
PB84-212877	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Detection of Enteric Viruses In Treated Drinking
Water. Journal article,
Texas Univ. Medical School at Houston.
B. H. Keswick, C. P. Gerba, H. L. DuPont, and J. B.
Rose. C1984, 8p EPA-600/J-84-041
Grant EPA-R-809331
Prepared in cooperation with Arizona Univ., Tucson.
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v47
n6p1290-1294 Jun 84.
The occurrence of viruses in conventionally treated
drinking water derived from a heavily polluted source
was evaluated by collecting and analyzing 38 large
volume (65 to 756 liter) samples of water from a 9m3/
sec (205 mgd) water treatment plant. Samples of raw,
clarified, filtered and chlorinated finished water were
concentrated using the filter adsorption/elution tech-
nique. Nineteen of 23 (83%) samples of finished water
contained viruses. None of the nine finished water
samples collected during the dry season contained de-
tectable total coliform bacteria, however, fecal strepto-
cocci were detected in 6 of 6 samples tested. Seven of
9 finished water samples collected during the dry
season met turbidity, total coliform bacteria and total
residual chlorine standards. Of these, 4 contained
virus. The percent removals of rotavirus, enterovirus
and coliphage were calculated to be 93.5, 25 and
100%, respectively. None of the 14 finished water
samples collected during the rainy season met turbidi-
ty standards and all contained rotavirus or enterovirus.
Keywords: "Viruses, 'Potable water, Microorganisms,
Detection, Reprints, 'Water pollution detection,
'Drinking water.
PB84-212885	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Quantitative Analysis of 68 Polar Compound*
from Tan Chemical Classes by Direct Aqueous In-
jection Qa* Chromatography. Journal article,
Wisconsin Univ.-Superior. Center for Lake Superior
Environmental Studies.
M. L. Knuth, and M. D. Hoglund. C1984,10p EPA-600/
J-84-035
Grants EPA-R-806864, EPA-R-809234
Pub. in Jnl. of Chromatography 285, p153-160 1984.
Porous polymer packings have been used successfully
in many applications of direct aqueous injection gas
chromatography. The authors have expanded the use
of aqueous injection to the quantitative analysis of 68
alcohols, acetates, ketones, ethers, sulfides, alde-
hydes, diols, diones, nitriles and amides on a glass
column packed with unmodified Tenax GC using a
flame-ionization detector. Analysis of single- and multi-
component mixtures, accurate standard preparation,
assessment of analytical errors, limitations of the
method and problems encountered are discussed.
Peak ghosting and tailing were not serious problems.
The analytical error between chemical classes ex-
pressed as the coefficient of variation between dupli-
cate samples ranged from 0.81 % for nitriles (n=3) to
7.09% for ethers (n=5). The method described Is fast,
precise and accurate, requires little sample prepara-
tion and is applicable to a wide variety of compounds.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "Gas chromatography,
Alcohols, Acetates, Ketones, Ethers, Aldehydes, Gly-
cols, Nitriles, Amides, Organic sulfides, Sampling, In-
jection, Water pollution, Reprints, 'Water pollution de-
tection, Flame ionization detectors, Tenax GC resins,
Diones.
PB04-212883	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
PHYTOTOX: Database Dealing with the Effect of
Organic Chemical* on Terrestrial Vascular Plants.
Journal article,
Oklahoma Univ., Norman.
C. L. Royce, J. S. Fletcher, P. G. Risser, J. C.
McFarlane, and F. E. Benenati. C1984,6p EPA-600/J-
84-037
Grants EPA-R-807931, EPA-R-810195
Pub. In Jnl. of Chemical Information and Computer Sci-
ences, v24 n1 p7-10 1984.
A new database, PHYTOTOX, dealing with the direct
effects of exogenously supplied organic chemicals on
terrestrial vascular plants is described. The database
consists of two files, a Reference File and Effects File.
The Reference File is a bibliographic file of published
research papers. The Effects File contains chemical-
and plant-response information derived from the
papers listed in the Reference File. The authors antici-
pate that government, academic, and industrial users
will find the PHYTOTOX database an invaluable tool in
predicting and modeling the effects of organic com-
pounds on plants and their ecosystems. (Copyright (c)
American Chemical Society 1984.)
Keywords: "Information systems, 'Organic com-
pounds, 'Environmental surveys, "Plants(Botany),
Mathematical models, Reprints, "PHYTOTOX system,
"Ecosystems.
PB84-213099	Not available NTIS
Mussel Watch: Intercomparlson of Trace Level
Constituent Determinations. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
W. B. Galloway, V. T. Bowen, E. D. Goldberg, J. L.
Laseter, and J. H. Martin, cl 983,18p CONTRIB-244,
EPA-600/J-82-157
Also pub. as Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,
MA. Contrib. No. 5002. Prepared in cooperation with
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA.;
New Orleans Univ., LA. and Moss Landing Marine
Lab., CA.
The U.S. National Mussel Watch Program initially used
split-sample analyses for interlaboratoiy quality control
purposes. These indicated the possibility of interlabor-
atory analytical discrepancies as well as problems in
the split-sample technique itself. For the third year of
the program, two mussel homogenates were produced
to serve as intercomparison samples-one for metals
and organics, the other for radionuclides. The results
obtained using these homogenates are encouraging in
that generally good agreement is seen among analy-
ses done by several labs in diverse pollutant classes.
(Copyright (c) Environmental Toxicology and Chemis-
try, 1983.)
Keywords: "Mussels, "Water pollution, Chemical anal-
ysis, Organic compounds, Metals, Trace elements, Ra-
dioactive isotopes, Chlorohydrocarbons, Aromatic hy-
drocarbons, Polycycllc compounds, Biphenyl, Tests,
Reprints, "Polychlorinated biphenyls.
PB84-213107	Not available NTIS
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Organic Carbon Removal by Advanced Wast*
Water Treatment Proceue*. Journal article,
Abcor, Inc., Wilmington, MA.
F. B. DeWalle, W. G. Light, and E. S. K. Chian. C1982,
8p EPA-600/J-82-432
Contract EPA-68-03-2850
Prepared in cooperation with Georgia Inst, of Tech.,
Atlanta. Dept. of Civil Engineering, and Washington
Univ., Seattle. Dept. of Environmental Health.
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v16
n11 p741-746 1982.
Fourteen physical-chemical processes singularly or in
combination were evaluated for their ability to remove
dissolved organic carbon in the effluent of a
wastewater reclamation facility treating secondary ef-
fluent. The objective of the study was to produce a
product water with organic content sufficiently low to
permit reuse as potable water. The processes included
reverse osmosis (RO), ion exchange/resin adsorption,
ultraviolet irradiation (UV) and six chemical oxidants
evaluated alone or in combination with other process-
es. The comprehensive data generated by the present
study indicate that low organic carbon removals in
AWT effluent are achieved by ion-exchange/adsorp-
tion processes possibly because preceding activated
carbon has removed most of the adsorbable fulvic-like
materials. Among the six oxidants evaluated, only
ozone and hydrogen peroxide resulted in substantial
removals. The largest organic carbon removals were
observed with reverse osmosis at an 85% permeate
recovery. An economic analysis indicated that annual
RO operating costs were comparable to ozone/UV
while producing a better effluent quality.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Organic compounds,
"Water treatment, Potable water, Ion exchanging, Oxi-
dizers, Economic analysis. Ozone, Reprints, "Water
reclamation, 'Physical chemical treatment, Reverse
osmosis, Ultraviolet irradiation.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PBS4-213115	Not available NTIS
High-Resolution PCB (Polychlorinated blphenyls)
Analysis: Synthesis and Chromatographic Proper-
ties of All 209 PCB Congeners. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
M. D. Mullin, C. M. Pochini, S. McCnndle M. Romkes,
and S. H. Safe. C1984,12p EPA-600/J-84-036
Prepared in cooperation with Guelph Univ. (Ontario).
Dept. of Chemistry, and Texas A and M Univ., College
Station. Dept. of Veterinary Physiology and Pharma-
cology.
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v18
n6 p468-476 1984.
This paper reports the synthesis and spectroscopic
properties of all the mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-
and heptachlorobiphenyls and completes the synthe-
sis of all 209 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The re-
tention times and molar response factors of the 209
PCBs were determined relative to a reference stand-
ard, octachloronaphthalene. The retention times for
these compounds generally increased with increasing
chlorine content, and it was apparent that within a
series of isomers there was an increase in retention
time with increasing meta and para and decreasing
ortho substitution. By use of a 50-m narrow bore fused
silica capillary column coated with SE-54, it was possi-
ble to separate 187 PCB congeners, and only 11 pairs
of compounds were not fully resolved. With some addi-
tional analytical improvements, isomer-specific PCB
analysis can be utilized to determine the composition
of commercial PCBs and accurately follow the fate and
distribution of these pollutants within the global eco-
system. (Copyright (c) American Chemical Society
1984.)
Keywords: 'Synthesis(Chemistry), "Spectrochemical
analysis, 'Environmental surveys. Chlorine organic
compounds, Reprints, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls,
Ecosystems, Path of pollutants.
PB84-213123	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Liver Regeneration Studies with Rat Hepatocytes
in Primary Culture. Journal article,
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC.
G. Michalopoulos, H. D. Cianciulli, A. R. Novotny, S. C.
Strom, and R. L. Jirtle. c1982,13p EPA-600/J-82-433
Grant EPA-R-808549
Pub. in Cancer Research, v42 p4673-4682 Nov 82.
Adult rat parenchymal hepatocytes in primary culture
can be induced to enter into DNA synthesis and mito-
sis. The optimal conditions for hepatocyte replication
are low plating density (less than 10,000 cells/sq cm)
and 50% serum from two-thirds partially hepatecto-
mized rats (48 hr after hepatectomy). Approximately
80% of the hepatocytes enter the cell cycle, and most
of these cells go through mitosis. The replicating hepa-
tocytes remain positive for glucose-6-phosphatase
and negative for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and
they accumulate fat, in analogy to regenerating liver.
Most of the replicating hepatocytes enter into multiple
consecutive rounds of DNA synthesis. Dose-response
studies between control animal serum and hepatocyte
labeling index indicate that in unoperated animals the
serum contains substances stimulatory as well as in-
hibitory for hepatic growth, with the inhibitory effect
prevailing at high concentrations. After partial hepatec-
tomy, the inhibitory activity disappears whereas the he-
patopoietin activity reaches almost 90% of maximal bi-
ological effectiveness at 25% serum concentration.
Keywords: 'Liver, 'Regeneration, Rats, Hepatocytes,
Cell cultures, Reprints.
PB84-213131	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Chronic Toxicity of Ammonia of Rainbow Trout.
Journal article,
Montana State Univ., Bozeman. Fisheries Bioassay
Lab.
R V. Thurston. R. C. Russo, R. J. Luedtke, C. E. Smith,
and E. L. Meyn. C1984,21 p EPA-600/J-84-039
Grants EPA-R-800861, EPA-R-803950
Pub. in Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
113, p56-73 1984.
The chronic effects of ammonia to rainbow trout
Salmo gairdneri were studied in a laboratory test con-
ducted over a 5-year period. Fish were tested at five
concentrations over the range 0.01-0.07 mg/liter un-
ionized ammonia; the mean pH of the test water was
7.7, and the mean temperature was 9.3 C. Parental
fish were exposed for 11 months, the first filial genera-
tion (F1) for 4 years, and the second filial generation
(F2) for 5 months. The parental fish spawned of their
own volition at all ammonia concentrations tested;
baskets containing crushed rock served as the spawn-
ing substrate. The F1 fish did not spawn voluntarily at
either 3 or 4 years of age, although manual spawning
of 4-year-old F1 fish produced viable eggs. There was
no significant correlation between ammonia concen-
tration and numbers of egg lots spawned, total num-
bers of eggs produced, numbers of viable eggs,
growth of progeny, or mortality of parents or progeny in
any of the generations tested.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Ammonia, Fishes, Reprints,
'Water pollution effects(Animals), Rainbow trout,
Salmo gairdneri.
PB84-213149/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Dlmethyltin Dichlorlde: Investigations Into Its
Gastrointestinal Absorption and Transplacental
Transfer. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
E. A. Noland, P. T. McCauley, and R. J. Bull. 1983,12p
EPA-600/J-83-220
Pub. in Toxicology and Environmental Health 12, p89-
981983.
Dimethyltin dichloride (DMDC) is commonly used as a
stabilizer in PVC pipe used for transport of potable
water. Learning deficiencies have been observed post-
natally in pups from DMDC-treated dams. Studies
were conducted with female Sprague-Dawley rats to
determine whether DMDC was absorbed by the dam
and transferred across the placenta to fetal blood and
brain tissue. This was accomplished in three phases:
(1) a comparison of absorption of organic and inorgan-
ic tin from drinking water, (2) a comparison of prenatal
and postnatal levels of tin in the pups in cross-foster-
ing studies, and (3) a (14C)dimethyltin dichloride tracer
study to determine whether organic tin passed to the
pup intact. Major findings include: (1) DMDC is ab-
sorbed in the gastrointestinal tract of the dam much
more rapidly than Sn2+; (2) the more rapid absorption
of DMDC results in higher concentration of tin in fetal
blood and brain; and (3) in fetuses that receive tin as
DMDC. both tin and the methyl carbon are absorbed
by the dam and transferred to the blood and brain of
the fetuses.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Rats, Laboratory animals, Ab-
sorption, Gastrointestinal system, Reprints, 'Dimethyl-
tin dichloride, DMDC, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB84-213156/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Influence1 of pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Suspended
Solids or Dissolved Solids Upon Ventilatory and
Cough Frequencies in the Blueglll 'Lepomis ma-
crochlrus' and Brook Trout 'Salvellnus fontlnalls'.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
R. W. Carlson. 1984,23p EPA-600/J-84-038
Pub. in Environmental Pollution (Series A) 34, p149-
1691984.
Conservative no-effect concentration ranges were es-
timated for ventilatory and coughing responses of
bluegill sunfish Lepomis macrochirus and brook trout
Salvelinus fontinalis exposed to altered pH, or to
changes in dissolved oxygen (DO), suspended solids,
or dissolved solids concentrations. These limits predict
safe, or non-alarm-causing, variations of these non-
toxic environmental variabfes in applied biomonitoring
systems using Lake Superior or similarly constituted
waters as a dilution source.
Keywords: *pH, 'Oxygen, "Toxicology, Fishes, Solids,
Physiological effects, Exposure, Indicator species, Re-
prints, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), Bluegills, Le-
pomis macrochirus, Brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis,
Bioindicators.
PB84-213321/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, Upper Mystic
Lake Watershed Urban Runoff Project; Summary.
Final rept. Jun 76-Oct 82,
Massachusetts Dept. of Environmental Quality Engi-
neering, Boston.
N. A. Fratoni, N. Cranker, and S Kaufman. Oct 82, 71 p
Grant EPA-P-001114-01-6
See also PB84-213347.
The major objectives of this project were to: Identify
the quality and quantity characteristics of urban runoff
in the Upper Mystic Lake Watershed; assess the
impact oi urban runoff on the Aberjona River and
Upper Mystic Lake; and recommend controls to
achieve quality goals in the Upper Mystic Lake. The
study was designed as a more comprehensive assess-
ment of water quality conditions and as such, consid-
ered the various other sources of pollution and their
relative contributions to the overall problem.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Water pollution, "Mystic Lake,
"Urban areas, Environmental impacts, Aberjona River,
Water pollution control, Rainfall, Snowmelt, Assess-
ments, Sediment transport, Land use, Storm sewers,
Massachusetts.
PB84-213339/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, Upper Mystic
Lake Watershed Urban Runoff Project; Main
Report. Final rept. Jun 76-Oct 82.
Massachusetts Dept. of Environmental Quality Engi-
neering, Boston.
N. A. Fratoni, N. Cranker, and S. Kaufman. Oct 82,
262p
Grant EPA-P-001114-01-6
See also PB84-213321.
The major objectives of this project were to: Identify
the quality and quantity characteristics of urban runoff
in the Upper Mystic Lake Watershed; assess the
impact of urban runoff on the Aberjona River and
Upper Mystic Lake; and recommend controls to
achieve quality goals in the Upper Mystic Lake. The
study was designed as a more comprehensive assess-
ment of water quality conditions and as such, consid-
ered the various other sources of pollution and their
relative contributions to the overall problem.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Water pollution, 'Mystic Lake,
'Urban areas, Assessments, Aberjona River, Stream
flow, Sediment transport, Land use, Rainfall, Snow-
melt, Storm sewers, Massachusetts.
PB84-213347/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, Upper Mystic
Lake Watershed Urban Runoff Project; Appendi-
ces B-F. Final rept. Jun 76-Oct 82,
Massachusetts Dept. of Environmental Quality Engi-
neering, Boston.
N. A. Fratoni, N. Cranker, and S. Kaufman. Oct 82,74p
Grant EPA-P-001114-01-6
See also PB84-213339.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The major objectives of this project were to: (1) Identify
the quality and quantity characteristics of urban runoff
in the Upper Mystic Lake Watershed; (2) Assess the
impact of urban runoff on the Aberjona River and
Upper Mystic Lake; and (3) Recommend controls to
achieve quality goals in the Upper Mystic Lake. With
these objectives identified, the study was designed as
a more comprehensive assessment of water quality
conditions and as such, considered the various other
sources of pollution and their relative contributions to
the overall problem.
Keywords: 'Urban areas, 'Runoff, 'Water pollution,
'Aberjona River, 'Mystic Lake, Watersheds, Stream
flow, Environmental impacts, Snowmelt, Rainfall, Sedi-
ment transport, 'Storm water runoff.
PB84-213750/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Toxic Substances.
User's Manual for TOX-SCREEN: A Multimedia
Screening-Level Program for Assessing the Po-
tential Fate of Chemlcale Released to the Environ-
ment. Final rept.,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
D. M. Hetrick, and L. M. McDowell-Boyer. Jun 84 294d
ORNL-6041, EPA-560/5-83-024	K
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
A screening-level multimedia model called TOX-
SCREEN has been developed to assess the potential
fate of toxic chemicals released to air, surface water,
or soil. Four types of surface water bodies are consid-
ered: lakes, rivers, estuaries, and oceans. TOX-
SCREEN was developed at the request of the U.S. En-
vironmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to provide a
means by which chemicals classified under Section 4
of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) can be
rapidly evaluated with respect to their potential for ac-
cumulation in environmental media. The model is sim-
plified in nature and is intended to be used as a
screening device to identify chemicals that are unlikely
to pose problems under conservative assumptions.
The purpose of this report is to provide a user's
manual for the FORTRAN IV computer code, TOX-
SCREEN, which implements the multimedia model. A
brief description of the model assumptions and struc-
ture is included. The structure of the TOX-SCREEN
program and individual subroutines are described in
detail. Input to and output from the code are thorough-
ly explained. Parameter definitions, sample job control
language, sample input data, output from TOX-
SCREEN using the sample input data, and a listing of
the program are provided in appendixes.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Manuals, "Envi-
ronmental surveys, 'Mathematical models, Fortran,
Assessments, Air pollution, Water pollution, Surface
waters, Soils, Computer programming, Computer pro-
grams, "Path of pollutants, "Tox-screen model, "User
manuals(Computer programs), "Toxic substances,
Land pollution.
PB84-213776/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Class IV and V Injection Well Inventory,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Land Pollution Control.
S. Davis, and M. Nienkerk. May 84,90p IEPA/LPC-84/
019
The subsurface injection well inventory within the
State of Illinois will play a key role in maintaining and
enhancing the quality of life for the State's residents.
The comprehensive efforts among a variety of individ-
uals, will provide a systematic format of cataloging,
categorizing, and confirming a number of injection
wells and their locations. This report reviews and sum-
marizes the relevant research, contacts, policies,
follow-up work, and other factors that are necessary in
producing a working inventory model for Class IV and
V injection wells within the State of Illinois.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Injection wells, 'Waste
disposal, Sites, Inventories, Surveys, Subsurface irri-
Sation, Heat pumps, Ground water recharge,
•istribut Ion (Property), Illinois, Ownership.
PB84-213875/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Issues Concerning the Use of Precision and Accu-
racy Data. Special Report,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
A. D. Thrall, and C. S. Burton. Feb 84,37p EPA-450/4-
84-006
This report represents the efforts of the Work Group
on the Utilization of Precision and Accuracy (P&A)
data, which was formed to determine how P&A data
should be utilized relative to the EPA regulatory deci-
sion-making process. The report discusses ten issues
concerning the utilization of P&A data and summarizes
the calculations specified in 40 CFR 58 Appendix A,
'Quality Assurance Requirements for State and Local
Air Monitoring Stations (SLAMS).' P&A data is report-
ed by the National Aerometric Data Bank (NADB),
along with the associated air quality. The P&A data
bank is maintained by the Environmental Monitoring
Systems Laboratory (EMSL) and contains the P&A
data reported by the States to the EPA Regional of-
fices and EMSL
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Regulations, 'Management
planning, 'Precision, 'Accuracy, State government,
Standards, Quality assurance, Graphs(Charts), 'Air
quality data, Numerical solution.
PB84-213941/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Techniques for the Assessment of the Carcino-
genic Risk to the U.S. Population Due to Exposure
from Selected Volatile Organic Compounds from
Drinking Water via the Ingestion, Inhalation and
Dermal Routes,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
C. R. Cothern, W. A. Coniglio, and W. L. Marcus. 1 May
84,254p
A methodology is developed for the assessment of the
risk due to drinking water containing trace levels of
nine selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The
nine VOCs are; benzene, carbon tetrachloride, 1,1-
dichloroethylene, 1,2-dichloroethane, dichlorometh-
ane, perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trich-
loroethane, and vinyl chloride. The risk assessment
contains two major parts; viz, a hazard assessment
and an exposure assessment. The hazard assessment
uses animal bioassay data and extrapolates the dose-
response curve using four models; logit, probit, multis-
tage and Weibull. The hazard and exposure assess-
ments are combined to estimate the population risk
and provide a risk reduction analysis. This latter analy-
sis estimates the cases averted for different control
levels. An extensive analysis is included of the uncer-
tainties in all parts of the risk assessment. It is conclud-
ed that the uncertainty in exposure assessment is less
that an order of magnitude and that the uncertainty in
hazard assessment is 4-6 orders of magnitude. The
largest contribution, by far, to the uncertainty in the risk
assessment is due to the choice of model to fit the bio-
assay data.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Public health, 'Water pol-
lution, 'Malignant neoplasms, Trace elements, Organ-
ic compounds, Assessments, Risk, Exposure, Toxicity,
Bioassay, Carbon tetrachloride, Vinyl chloride, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Hazardous materials, 'Vola-
tile organic compounds, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), "Cancer, Benzene, Ethane/dichloro,
Methane/dichloro, Ethylene/perchloro, Ethylene/
trichloro, Ethane/trichloro.
P884-213958/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
Chemical Activities Status Report, Fourth Edition.
Volume 1. Toxics Integration Information series,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
E. T, Merrick, and P. Grim. Feb 84,440p* EPA-560/
TIIS-84-001A
Supersedes PB83-181917. See also Volume 2, PB84-
213966.
The EPA Chemical Activity Status Report (EPACASR)
is a guide to Agency activities relating to chemical sub-
stances. The report is organized into three sections:
(1) Alphabetized Chemical Name Reference Listing
(an index of names used for chemicals included in the
text), (2) Chemical Name Synonym List (showing all
synonyms for chemicals in the text, and arranged by
CAS Registry Number), and (3) EPA Chemical Activi-
ties Report (arranged sequentially by CAS Registry
Number). Sections 1 and 2 are in Volume I, Section 3 is
in Volume II.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Environmental
surveys, Tables(Data), Water pollution, Air pollution,
Hazardous materials. Radioactive contaminants, Pota-
ble water, Pesticides, *EPA chemical activity status
report, 'Toxic substances, Listings, Solid wastes, Land
pollution.
PB84-213966/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Chemical Activities Status Report, Fourth Edition.
Volume 2. Toxics Integration Information series,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
E. T. Merrick, and P. Grim. Feb 84,729p* EPA-560/
TIIS-84-001 B
Supersedes PB83-181925. See also Volume 1, PB84-
213958.
The EPA Chemical Activity Status Report (EPACASR)
is a guide to Agency activities relating to chemical sub-
stances. The report is organized into three sections:
(1) Alphabetized Chemical Name Reference Listing
(an index of names used for chemicals included in the
text), (2) Chemical Name Synonym List (showing all
synonyms for chemicals in the text, and arranged by
CAS Registry Number), and (3) EPA Chemical Activi-
ties Report (arranged sequentially by CAS Registry
Number). Sections 1 and 2 are in Volume I, Section 3 is
in Volume II.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Environmental
surveys, Tables(Data), Water pollution, Air pollution,
Hazardous materials. Radioactive contaminants, Pota-
ble water, Pesticides, *EPA chemical activity status
report, "Toxic substances, Listings, Solid wastes. Land
pollution.
PB84-213974/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
User's Guide to MOBILE3 (Mobile Source Emis-
sions Model).
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Jun 84, 469p EPA-460/3-84-002
Supersedes PB81 -205619.
This document is the User's Guide To MOBILE3.
MOBILE3 is a computer program that calculates emis-
sion factors for hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide
(CO), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) from highway
motor vehicles. The program uses the calculation pro-
cedures and emission factors presented in Compila-
tion of Air Pollutant Emission Factors: Highway
Sources, July 1984 (EPA 460/3-84-005). MOBILE3
calculates emission factors for eight individual vehicle
types in two regions of the country. MOBILE3 emission
estimates depend on various ambient, vehicle usage,
and local conditions such as temperature, speed, mile-
age accumulation and accrual distributions, vehicle-
miles-traveled distributions, etc. MOBILE3 will esti-
mate emission factors for any calendar year between
1970 and 2020, inclusive. The 20 most recent model
years are considered in operation in each calendar
year. MOBILE3 supercedes MOBILE2. Compared to
MOBILE2, MOBILES incorporates several new op-
tions, calculating methodologies, emission factor esti-
mates, emission control regulations, and internal pro-
gram designs. As such, MOBILE3 should be easier to
maintain, transport, alter and comprehend.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Exhaust emissions, "Com-
Ruter programming, "Manuals, 'Mathematical models,
lydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides,
Regulations, Motor vehicles, Fortran, Computer pro-
grams, 'Mobile source emissions model, 'Emission
factors, MOBILE 3 computer program.
PB84-214O06/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Distillation Operations in Synthetic Organic
Chemical Manufacturing - Background Informa-
tion for Proposed Standards. Interim rept. (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Dec 83,395p EPA-450/3-83-005A
Standards of Performance for the control of volatile or-
ganic compound emissions from distillation operations
in the synthetic organic chemical manufacturing indus-
try are being proposed under the authority of Section
111 of the Clean Air Act. These standards would apply
to new, modified, and reconstructed distillation facili-
ties. This document contains background information
and environmental and economic impact assessments
of the regulatory alternatives considered in developing
proposed standards.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-draft,
'Organic compounds, 'Chemical industry, 'Stand-
ards, 'Air pollution control, Organic compounds, Eco-
nomic impact, Regulations, Assessments, Distillation,
Revisions, Cost analysis, 'Standards of performance,
'Volatile organic compounds, Stationary sources.
PB84-214915/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Uptake of Bromacll by Isolated Barley Roots.
Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
C. Wickliff, J. C. McFarlane, and H. Ratsch. 1984,10p
EPA-600/J-84-043
Pub. in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 4,
P43-51 1984.
A study of bromacil uptake by excised barley (Hor-
deum Vulgare) roots was used to evaluate this proce-
dure as a tool to learn the uptake characteristics of
toxic organic chemicals. Bromacil uptake was shown
to be a passive process with an uptake rate (atO.8 mg/
I) of 0.64 micrograms bromacil/g fresh root/hr. A Q10
for the process was determined to be 1.5 and living
roots were required for bromacil uptake. This proce-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
dure was judged to be a quick and inexpensive method
to screen plant uptake of toxic chemicals.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, "Barley, 'Toxicity,
Plant nutrition, Plant physiology, Carbon 14, Tests,
Herbicides, Bromine organic compounds, Nitrogen
heterocyclic compounds, Pesticides, Reprints, 'Hor-
deumvulgare, 'Bromacil, Uracil/bromo-butyl-methyl.
PB84-21S466/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH,
Evaluation of Alternate Methods for the Determi-
nation of VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) Cap-
ture Efficiency at Surface Coating Operations.
Conference paper,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
D. B. Hunt, and J. L. Randall. Jul 84,18p EPA-600/D-
84-187
Contract EPA-68-03-3038
Where solvent destruction systems are used to comply
with EPA new source performance standards in the
surface coatings industries, capture and control device
efficiencies may have to be determined separately to
demonstrate the combined overall reduction efficien-
cy. The capture efficiency is determined as the percent
of total VOC emissions that are captured and delivered
to the control device. Presently, the EPA requires de-
termination of capture efficiency through use of an ex-
hausted enclosure around the operation and a gas-
phase material balance. The feasibilities of less costly
and cumbersome alternate methods are examined.
The alternate methods include material balances other
than enclosure type gas-balances, use of tracers,
computer modeling, and assumption/approximation
techniques. The liquid/gas-phase measurement meth-
odology using a total capture (100%) evaporation
chamber. The pure solvent evaporation tests demon-
strated that a combination of EPA Methods 2 and 25A
for gas streams and a mass loss determination of
liquid provided acceptable closure results (e.g., mean
closure = 99.9% and coefficient of variation = 5.9%).
The methodology was recommended for field evalua-
tion.
Keywords: 'Coating processes, 'Air pollution control,
'Regulations, 'Solvents, Substitutes, Organic com-
pounds, Standards, Feasibility, Industrial wastes,
Mathematical models, Aerosols, Field tests, 'Volatile
organic compounds, "New source performance stand-
ards, Tracer studies.
PB64-215482/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Feasibility of Using Solid Adsorbents for Dioxin
Sampling. Final rept. Apr-Dec 82,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
F, L, DeRoos, and A. K. Wensky. May 84,25p* EPA-
600/7-84-060
Contract EPA-68-02-3628
The report gives results of a determination of the re-
covery efficiencies from XAD-2 resin (Amberlite) and
Florisil of spiked 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
(2,3,7,8-TCDD), in order to assess the suitability of
these adsorbents for sampling. Two spiking methods
were used: Method A consisted of uniformly depositing
1 mL of the spiking solution onto the adsorbent, and
Method B consisted of covering the whole adsorbent
sample with the spiking solution. There was no signifi-
cant difference in recovery efficiencies between the
two methods or between the two adsorbents. Overall
recovery from XAD-2 resin was 92 +/- 8%, and 95
+ /-6% from Florisil.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Gas sampling, 'Gas analy-
sis, "Adsorbents, Trace elements, Chlorine organic
compounds, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Sampling, Mass spectroscopy, Gas chromatography,
Chemical analysis, Feasibility, Performance evalua-
tion, Extraction, "Dioxin(Herbicides), 'Amberlite,
"Florisil 'Air pollution detection, Dibenzodioxin/tetra-
chloro, CAS 1746-01-6, XAD 2 resins, EPA method 5.
PB84-215490/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Atmospheric Acidification Chemistry: A Review,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J. L. Durham, and K. L. Demerjian. Jul 84,22p EPA-
600/D-84-188
Atmospheric acidification is the result of the oxidation
of sulfur, nitrogen, and organic compounds to form
their corresponding acids. The gas and aqueous-
phase pathways depend on the production of oxidizing
free radicals (HO, CH302) that react directly with
these compounds or produce molecular oxidants. The
most important molecular oxidants are H202, organic
peroxides, and 03. Except for 03-olefin reactions,
these molecular oxidants are not reactive in the gas
phase, but they are highly reactive in the aqueous
phase with dissolved reductants (S02, HN02, organ-
ics). Thus, the molecular oxidants may be generated in
a photochemically active region and transported long
distances before reacting with dissolved reductants in
the aqueous phase, such as fogs, clouds, and rain.
Changes in H2S04 and HN03 atmospheric production
rates are expected to be a function of changes in the
emission rates of S02, NOx, and VOC. A reduction in
emission rate of S02 will lead to a reduction in gas-
phase production of H2S04. However, if S02 concen-
tration exceeds that of H202 reduction in S02 emis-
sions may not lead to a reduction in aqueous-phase
production of H2S04. Effective control of H202 pro-
duction is dependent on scientific advances to deter-
mine its formation mechanisms and rates.
Keywords: 'Acidification, "Oxidation, "Air pollution,
Reviews, Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, Reaction kinetics,
Oxidizers, Hydrogen peroxide, Ozone, Nitrogen diox-
ide, "Atmospheric chemistry, Hydroxyl radical, Acid
rain, Chemical reaction mechanisms, Free radicals,
Path of pollutants.
PB84-21SS08/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Carcinogenic Activity of Haloacetonitriles and Ha-
loacetone Derivatives in the Mouse Skin and
Lung,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
R. J. Bull, and M. Robinson. Jul 84,19p EPA-600/D-
84-185
Halogenated acetonitriles and acetones are common
by-products of drinking water chlorination and have
been identified in reactions with model substrates.
Members of both classes have been shown to be mu-
tagenic in Salmonella, to induce sister chromatic ex-
change in mammalian cells and/or to interact with
DNA. Such results would imply a capability for these
chemicals to act as carcinogens. The present study
was undertaken to determine whether the members of
these classes most often found in drinking water were
capable of acting as carcinogens on the mouse skin or
lung. Studies included the chloro-, dichloro-, trichioro-,
bromochloro- and dibromo- substituted acetonitriles.
The 1,1-dichloro- and 1,1,1-trichioro- substituted ace-
tones were tested. These data clearly show that the
haloacetonitriles found in drinking water, with the pos-
sible exception of the dichloro-compound possess car-
cinogenic properties. To date, it has not been possible
to demonstrate such activity with the chlorinated ace-
tones. These findings emphasize the need to consider
by-products other tnan the trihalomethanes when as-
sessing carcinogenic hazards that are associated with
alternative forms of drinking water disinfection.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, "Water treatment, 'Disinfect-
ants, 'Hazardous materials, Potable water, Chlorina-
tion, Mutagens, Disinfection, Assessments, Substi-
tutes, Halogen organic compounds. Mice, Laboratory
animals, Chemical reactions, Rats, "Halomethanes,
Acetone/dichloro, Acetone/trichloro, Acetonitrile/
chloro, Acetonitrile/dichloro, Acetonitrile/trichloro,
Acetonitrile/bromo-chloro, Acetonitrile/dibromo,
Cancer.
PB84-215516/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Microbiological Risks Associated with Changes In
Drinking Water Disinfection Practices,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
E. W. Akin, and J. C. Hoff. Jul 84, 29p EPA-600/D-84-
184
This report briefly reviews the development of chlorin-
ation practice in the United States as more resistant
waterborne pathogens were identified. The occur-
rence of waterborne outbreaks and the possibility of
sporadic cases of waterborne infections are discussed
as well as the use of alternative disinfectants.
Keywords: "Disinfection, "Potable water, "Chlorina-
tion, Microorganisms, Health risks, 'Drinking water,
Pathogens.
PB84-215524/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Acidification of Aquatic and Terrestrial Systems:
Chemical Weathering,
Iowa Univ., Iowa City.
J. L. Schnoor, and W. Stumm. 1984,45p EPA-600/D-
84-191
Grant EPA-R-810395
Prepared in cooperation with Eidgenoessische Tech-
nische Hochschule, Zurich (Switzerland).
The pH and p(epsilon) of the terrestrial and aquatic en-
vironment is determined by coupled reactions of oxida-
tion-reduction and acid-base. If disturbances are cre-
ated in elemental cycles of the environment (whereby
oxidation of C, S, and N exceeds reduction reactions),
a net production of H( +1) ions is a necessary conse-
quence. The authors have shown that aggrading bio-
mass and humus and oxidation reactions (nitrification,
sulfur oxidation) serve to add protons to aqueous sys-
tems, while chemical weathering, ion exchange, and
reduction reactions (denitrification, H2S production)
serve to consume protons (add ANC to the water). Bar
diagrams are a convenient means to examine changes
in ANC or BNC in water and soils. Atmospheric acid
deposition creates an additional input of hydrogen and
sulfate ions (H2S04) to the terrestrial and aquatic eco-
system which is partly neutralized by increased weath-
ering and cation export. It is balanced, in part, by alumi-
num dissolution and causes the negative effects in
aquatic ecosystems on fish and possibly on forests.
The lakes which have been acidified by acid precipita-
tion are those with extremely sensitive hydrologic set-
tings and with watersheds lacking carbonate minerals.
They tend to be small lakes. They respond relatively
rapidly to changes in acid loading (on the order of a
few hydraulic detention times). The soils of these wa-
tersheds have not been greatly acidified by acid pre-
cipitation nor has podzolization occurred due to an-
thropogenic acid deposition. However, this does not
imply that more subtle changes in nutrient cycling or
forest production could not have occurred. Soil solu-
tion pH could be reduced by the anthropogenic input of
acids. The authors have proposed a quantitative
framework with which to examine these questions.
Keywords: "Acidification, 'Water pollution, 'Air pollu-
tion, 'Weathering, "Environmental surveys, Oxidation
reduction reactions, pH, Soils, Sediments, Combustion
products, Industrial wastes, Watersheds, Hydrogen
sulfide, Sulfuric acid, Ecology, Vegetation, Hydrology,
Lakes, Biomass, Ion exchanging, "Land pollution,
'Acid rain, 'Chemical weathering, Air water interfaces,
Hydrogen ions, Ecosystems.
PB84-215532/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Application of a Sediment Dynamics Model for Es-
timation of Vertical Burial Rates of PCBs In South-
ern Lake Michigan,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Water Chemistry Program.
D. Weininger, D. E. Armstrong, and D. P. Swackhamer.
Jul 84, 20p EPA-600/D-84-189
Contract EPA-68-01-0502
The recovery of Lake Michigan from PCB contamina-
tion depends on the rates of reduction in PCB input
from external sources and removal of PCBs present in
the lake system. The loading of PCBs to the Great
Lakes should be decreasing. Consequently, if the PCB
burden of the lake is also declining, recovery should be
occurring. Because the removal of PCBs from the lake
water to the bottom sediments is relatively rapid, sedi-
ments could play a role as an ultimate sink for PCBs if
the normal accretion/burial process is faster than the
rate at which PCBs can diffuse through sediments. In
this paper vertical burial model is developed to esti-
mate the time scale of the burial process. The model is
implemented for PCBs in southern Lake Michigan.
Keywords: 'Biphenyl, 'Sediments, 'Water pollution,
'Lake Michigan, Chlorine organic compounds, Re-
moval, Mathematical models, Estimating, Time,
Concentration(Composition), 'Polychlorinated biphen-
yls, Biphenyl/chloro, Organic loading.
PB84-215581/HSU	PCA11/MFA01
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility Radio-
chemistiy Procedures Manual,
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
R. Lieberman. Jun 84,236p EPA-520/5-84-006
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
This manual provides a convenient and accurate refer-
ence for the determination of pertinent radionuclides
and stable elements in environmental and bioassay
samples. All of the described procedures have been
used routinely in the analysis of many samples. In addi-
tion to the chemical procedures, sections have also
been included on radioactivity counting, standardiza-
tion, and quality control. Periodically, the manual will
be updated and corrected with new procedures and
sections added.
Keywords: "Radiochemistry, 'Manuals, "Radioactive
contaminants, "Environmental surveys, "Bioassay,
"Chemical analysis, Standards, Quality control, Radio-
activity, Potable water, Ecology, Water pollution, Labo-
ratory equipment, Procedures.
PB84-215730/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Paper Production and Processing - Occupational
Exposure and Environmental Release Study,
S-Cubed, La Jolla, CA.
R. Soklow. Jul 84,656p EPA-600/2-84-120
Contract EPA-68-03-3015
This report presents an analysis of chemicals and
processes used during the production and processing
of paper and paper goods with emphasis on the work-
place exposure and environmental release of chemi-
cals from these operations. Reviews of chemical sub-
stances in this report are intended for use in develop-
ing realistic exposure and release scenarios associat-
ed with the review of new chemical substances used in
the industry. In this report, a description of the industry
is presented along with profiles of the various process
subcategories occurring in the industry. Literature
search and discussions with knowledgable persons in
the industry during the development of this report has
been aimed at developing process descriptions that
address occupational exposures to workers, as well as
information on the concentration of the release of
chemicals to the environment. Process characteristics
for each study area, including raw materials and
chemicals used are presented along with the descrip-
tion of chemicals in wastestreams and other effluent
characteristics. Discussion of waste control and treat-
ment technologies used throughout the industry are
also presented. The sources, effects and control of
worker exposure to chemicals are described on an in-
dustry-wide basis. Specific case studies have also
been reviewed to address detail information on occu-
pational exposures to workers (including the number of
workers involved, duration of exposure, and workplace
concentrations).
Keywords: "Paper industry, "Industrial medicine, "En-
vironmental surveys, "Chemical compounds, "Paper-
making, Water pollution, Exposure, Toxicity, Hazard-
ous materials, Design criteria, Pulping, Sources, Pa-
perboards, Air pollution, Public health, Odor pollution,
"Occupational safety and health, "Toxic substances,
Solid wastes, Indoor air pollution, Case studies.
PB84-21574B/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Div.
Windrow and Static Pile Composting of Municipal
Sewage Sludges. Final rept. Sep 75-Sep 82,
Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts, Whittier, CA.
M. D. lacoboni, J. R. Livingston, and T. J. LeBrun. Jul
84,134p EPA-600/2-84-122
Contract DI-14-12-150
Research was conducted on composting anaerobical-
ly digested and centrifuge dewatered sewage sludge
from 1975 through 1980. Windrow and static pile com-
posting processes were evaluated; new methods were
employed using deeper windrows and aerated static
piles were constructed without using wood chips as a
bulking agent. Parameters considered included tem-
perature elevation, microorganism inactivation, mois-
ture and volatile solids content, windrow size and turn-
ing frequency, percent and type of bulking agents, and
odor and dust control. The influence of tne above pa-
rameters, and a comparison of windrow and static pile
composting are discussed. Windrow composting
achieved more consistent pathogen and parasite inac-
tivations within a wide range of operating parameters
than did the aerated static piles. A report on the fate of
viruses during composting of sewage solids, a review
of the problem, and results of field studies is included
in the appendix.
Keywords: "Dewatering, "Anaerobic processes, "Cen-
trifuging, "Composting, "Solid waste disposal, Com-
parison, Performance evaluation, Viruses, Field tests,
Odors, Dust control, Microorganisms, "Sewage
sludge, "Windrow composting, "Static pile compost-
ing.
PB84-215755/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Methods for Determining the Mechanical Integrity
of Class II Injection Wells. Final rept.,
National Water Well Association, Worthington, OH.
D. M. Nielsen, and L. Aller. Jul 84,281 p EPA/600/2-
84/121
Prepared in cooperation with East Central Oklahoma
State Univ., Ada.
The mechanical integrity of injection wells must be de-
termined to insure that there is no significant leak in
the casing, tubing or packer, and that there is no signif-
icant fluid movement through vertical channels adja-
cent to the injection well. Methods for mechanical in-
tegrity testing include monitoring of annulus pressure,
pressure testing, temperature logging, noise logging,
pipe analysis surveys, electromagnetic thickness sur-
veys, caliper logging, borehole television, borehole
televiewer, flowmeter surveys, radioactive tracer sur-
veys and cement bond logging. Only temperature log-
ging, noise logging and radioactive tracer surveys can
be used to provide relatively definitive information re-
garding the presence or absence of fluid movement
behind casing; cement bond logs provide information
from which fluid movement may be inferred. With the
exception of cement bond logging, all of the testing
methods can be used to locate leaks in casing. This
document describes each of the methods that can be
used in mechanical integrity testing, including princi-
ples, equipment, procedures, interpretation, cost, ad-
vantages, disadvantages, and examples of each tech-
nique.
Keywords: "Injection wells, "Well logging, "Leakage,
"Environmental surveys, "Water pollution, "Waste dis-
posal, State government, National government, Pota-
ble water, Pressure, Borehole cameras, Linings, Corro-
sion, Tubes, Well heads, "Land pollution, "Mechanical
efficiency, State of the art.
PB84-215763/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Application Guide for Hydrological Simulation
Program - FORTRAN (HSPF). Final rept. Mar 81-Sep
83,
Anderson-Nichols and Co., Inc., Palo Alto, CA.
A. S. Donigian, Jr., J. C. Imhoff, B. R. Bicknell, and J. L.
Kittle, Jr. Jun 84,189p EPA-600/3-84-065
Contract EPA-68-01 -6207
The Hydrological Simulation Program - FORTRAN
(HSPF) is a set of computer codes that can simulate
the hydrologic and associated water quality processes
on pervious and impervious land surfaces, in the soil
profile, and in streams and well-mixed impoundments.
This document describes the entire application proc-
ess of HSPF to demonstrate the decisions, proce-
dures, and results that are involved in a typical applica-
tion. The document is intended as a supplement to the
existing HSPF user's manual and programmer's sup-
plement. Together these three documents provide suf-
ficient guidance for the full and intelligent use of the
broad range of capabilities of HSPF.
Keywords: "Hydrology, "Water pollution, Fortran,
Soils, Streams, Reservoirs, Runoff, Models, Computer
programs, Pesticides, Meteorological data, Land use,
Time series analysis, HSPF computer program.
PB84-21S789/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Testing and Evaluation of On-Farm Alcohol Pro-
duction Facilities. Final rept.,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
W. Kuby, R. Markoja, and S. Nackord. Jul 84,100p FR-
80-69/EE, EPA-600/6-84-008
Contract EPA-68-03-2567
Ethanol is the most important of biomass derived fuels
in the short term. The bulk of the production will come
from large (20 to 600M gallons/year) units with the re-
mainder being produced on-farm in small (less than
6,000 gallons/year) units. The on-farm production of
alcohol presents a unique problem in that the Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) had no data available
by which it could evaluate the possible impacts of a
very large number of these facilities. This report gives
the results of a sampling and analysis program con-
ducted to characterize the air emissions, water ef-
fluents, and solid residuals from two on-farm ethanol
production processes sampled in June 1980. Several
recommendations, including acid neutralization and ef-
fluent ponding, are recommended to minimize the im-
pacts.
Keywords: "Ethyl alcohol, "Biomass, "Farms, "Envi-
ronmental surveys, Field tests, Performance evalua-
tion, Sampling, Air pollution, Water pollution, Fuels,
Chemical analysis, Sites, Design criteria, Process
charting, "Alcohol fuels, Solid wastes, Liquid wastes.
PB84-215805/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Marketing of Byproduct Gypsum from Flue Gas
Oesulfurization. Final rept. Jan 81-Apr 83,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Div. of
Energy Demonstrations and Technology.
W. E. O'Brien, W. L. Anders, R. L. Dotson, and J. D.
Veitch. Feb 84,169p EPA-600/7-84-019
The report gives results of an evaluation of the 1985
marketing potential of byproduct gypsum from utility
flue gas desulfurization (FGD), for the area east of the
Rocky Mountains, using the calculated gypsum pro-
duction rates of 14 selected power plants. The 114
cement plants and 52 wallboard plants in the area
were assumed to be the potential market for FGD
gypsum sales. Assuming use of an in-loop, forced-oxi-
dation, limestone FGD process, results showed that
producing marketable gypsum was less expensive
than disposal by chemical fixation and landfill for many
power plants in the area, including those used in the
study. With this savings to offset freight costs, the
power plants could market 4.35 million tons/year of
gypsum (92% of their production), filling 63% of the
cement plant requirements and 20% of the wallboard
plant requirements. Cement plants are a geographical-
ly disperse market available to most power plants, but
able to absorb the production of only a few power
plants; wallboard plants are a larger market but, for
them, power plant location is a more important market-
ing factor. Other variations of the marketing model in-
dicated that: drying and briquetting had little effect on
marketing potential; and sales were reduced 25%
when the savings in the FGD cost were not used tc
offset freight costs.
Keywords: "Gypsum, "Electric power plants, "Air pol-
lution control, Byproducts, Marketing, Industrial
wastes, Flue gases, Cost analysis, Combustion prod-
ucts, "Waste utilization, 'Solid wastes, Flue gas desul-
furization.
PB84-216175/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Acid Deposition: Processes of Lake Acidification.
Final rept
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
5 Mar 84,20p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
A general acidification hypothesis was described as a
sequential process in three steps: (1) Sulfur deposition
increases; (2) Sulfate concentrations in streams and
lakes increase; (3) concentrations of protolytic and
nonprotolytic cations increase. The increases in proto-
lytic cations cause decreases in stream and lake alka-
linity. The Panel discussed eight questions posed by
EPA. Some of those were: Have lakes and streams
become more acidic over the last 15 years. To what
extent have lakes and streams been acidified by acid
deposition as opposed to other factors. What process-
es control surface water acidity. Are monitoring pro-
grams appropriate and warranted for detecting
changes that might take place.
Keywords: "Acidity, "Precipitation(Meteorology),
"Water pollution, "Lakes, Acidification, Sulfur, Inorgan-
ic sulfates, Cations, Monitoring, Project planning, Soils,
"Acid precipitation.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB84-218098/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Financial
Capability Guidebook.
Municipal Finance Officers Association of United
States and Canada, Washington, DC. Government Fi-
nance Research Center.
Mar 84,93p
See also PB83-224782. Sponsored in part by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of
Water Program Operations. Prepared in cooperation
with Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Co., Washington, DC.
This guidebook has been developed for EPA's Office
of Water Program Operations to describe and explain
a suggested practical approach which may be used by
a unit of government to prepare a demonstration of fi-
nancial capability. The intent of this demonstration is
to ensure adequate building, operation, maintenance,
and replacement of a publicly owned treatment works.
Keywords: 'Financing, 'Water treatment, "Public
works. Financial management, Economic analysis,
Cost analysis.
PB84-219187/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Task Force on Environmental Cancer and Heart and
Lung Disease, Washington, DC.
Environmental Cancer and Heart and Lung Dis-
ease: Annual Report to Congress (6th). Rept. for
Sep 82-Aug 83.
Technical Resources, Inc., Bethesda, MD.
Aug 83, 100p
Contract EPA-68-02-3775
See also PB83-155762.
The Task Force Working Group and its project groups
continued to coordinate interagency activities regard-
ing the relationship between environmental pollution
and human disease and the development of research
recommendations aimed at reducing or preventing the
incidence of environmentally related disease. The
Task Force sponsored two important workshops tar-
geting (1) the relationship between environmental fac-
tors and nononcogenic lung disease, and (2) the as-
sessment of human exposure to environmental pollut-
ants. A resulting Task Force recommendation to Con-
gress calls for longitudinal studies of human popula-
tions as a basis for quantifying risk factors in the cau-
sation and aggravation of a group of lung diseases and
for designing cost-effective prevention strategies.
Other recommendations encourage support of legisla-
tive proposals to facilitate access to data required in
the conduct of epidemiological studies and the con-
tinuation and improvement of the National Death Index
under the NCHS.
Keywords: 'Heart diseases, 'Respiratory diseases,
"Malignant neoplasms, Pollution, Contaminants, Oc-
cupational diseases, Public health, Preventive medi-
cine, Etiology, Toxicology, "Environmental pollution,
Cancer, Health education, National Death Index, Envi-
ronmental health, Occupational safety and health.
PB84-219203/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effects of Test Vehicle Mileage on Corporate Av-
erage Fuel Economy Calculations. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Cer-
tification Policy and Support Branch.
Nov 83, 29p EPA-AA-CPSB-83-04
The purpose of this report is to estimate the annual
corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) credit manu-
facturers obtain by testing motor vehicles at greater
than 4,000 miles accumulation.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Fuel consumption, Esti-
mates, Manufacturers, Credit, Fuel economy, CAFE
credit.
PB84-219211/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Study of Exhaust Emissions from Forty High Mile-
age 1981 Passenger Cars. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
J. C. Shelton. Apr 84, 31 p EPA-AA-TEB-84-5
See also PB84-183110.
This report describes the results ol an exhaust emis-
sion testing program conducted on forty 1981 passen-
ger cars. The primary purpose of this program was to
examine the emission performance of high-mileage
vehicles. Secondary objectives included an assess-
ment of the condition and performance of the emis-
sion-related components and the collection of informa-
tion for development and improvement of Inspection
and Maintenance programs. The work was performed
by Automotive Testing Laboratories (ATL) at the
Transportation Research Center in East Liberty, Ohio.
The test vehicles were drawn from the general public
in the Columbus, Ohio area using direct mail solicita-
tion. Only vehicles with over 60,000 miles were sought.
This resulted in an average odometer reading for the
fleet of 71,410. The tests performed included the Fed-
eral Test Procedure, the Highway Fuel Economy Test
and several short tests. The program began in July,
1983 and was completed in November, 1983.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Fuel consumption,
"Automobiles, 'Air pollution, Inspection, Maintenance,
Performance evaluation, Assessments, "Emission fac-
tors.
PB84-219666/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Flexible Vinyl and Urethane Coating and Printing -
Background Information for Promulgated Stand-
ards. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jun 84, 78p EPA-450/3-81 -016B
See also PB83-169136.
Standards of performance to control emissions of
volatile organic compounds from flexible vinyl and ure-
thane coating and printing operations are being pro-
mulgated under the Authority of Section 111 of the
Clean Air Act. These standards apply to flexible vinyl
and urethane printing lines for which construction,
modification, or reconstruction began on or after Janu-
ary 18, 1983. This document contains a summary of
public comments, EPA responses, and a discussion of
differences between the proposed and promulgated
standards of performance.
Keywords: "Environmental impact statements-final,
'Printing, 'Vinyl coatings, 'Standards, 'Urethanes,
Regulations, Air pollution control. Revisions, Economic
impact, Law enforcement, 'Volatile organic com-
pounds, Best technology.
PB84-220268/HSU	PC A25/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Polychlorinated
Dibenzo-p-Dloxins. Parts 1 and 2. External Review
Draft.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
May 84, 592p EPA-600/8-84-014A
Dioxins are a class of compounds that contain the di-
benzo-p-dioxin nucleus. In the chlorinated dioxins, the
dibenzo-p-dioxin nucleus is substituted with chlorine at
different positions of the fused benzene rings. De-
pending on the number and position of chlorine substi-
tution, 75 congeners are possible for the chlorinated
dioxins. This document deals with the most toxic chlor-
inated dioxins, namely, 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-, 1,2,3,7,8-
penta-chloro-, 1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachloro-and 1,2,3,7,8,9-
hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxon. Of these four congeners,
the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin has been stud-
ied extensively. This compound is often described in
both popular and technical literature as 'TCDD' or
simply 'dioxin'. A few documents exist at the present
time that deal with selected aspects of polychlorinated
dibenzo-p-dioxins in the environmental media. This
document has been prepared to provide a comprehen-
sive multi-media assessment of the analytical method-
ologies, environmental levels and ecological and
health effects of the four chlorinated dioxins men-
tioned above.
Keywords: 'Chlorobenzenes, 'Public health, 'Hazard-
ous materials, 'Industrial hygiene, "Environmental sur-
veys, Exposure, Laboratory animals, Water pollution,
Air pollution, Ecology, Chlorine organic compounds,
Risk, Malignant neoplasms, Toxicology, Humans, Reg-
ulations, Standards, Physical properties, Chemical
properties, Metabolism, Sources, Food analysis, Muta-
gens, 'Occupational safety and health, 'Polychlorinat-
ed dibenzodioxins, 'Dioxin(Herbicides), Natural emis-
sions, Bioaccumulation, Pharmacokinetics, Land pollu-
tion, Cancer, Dibenzodioxin/tetrachloro, Dibenzo-
dioxin/pentachloro, Dibenzodioxin/hexachloro.
PB84-220276/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Comparison of Leachate Characteristics from Se-
lected Municipal Solid Waste Test Cells. Research
rept.,
Regional Services Corp., Inc., Columbus, IN.
R. J. Wigh. Jul 84, 55p EPA-600/2-84-124
Sanitary landfills presently provide an economical
method for solid waste disposal. Numerous research
projects sponsored by U.S. EPA have involved moni-
toring refuse test cells to provide a better understand-
ing of the processes that occur within the refuse mass
and the potential environmental effects of sanitary
landfills. The research effort described in this report
was undertaken to determine if leachate characteris-
tics from several different test cells were similar. Nor-
malized weighted mean leachate concentration histo-
ries and mass removals were compared graphically for
two field-scale cells and three small-scale cells. A
simple semi-empirical exponential model of leachate
concentrations adequately described concentration
trends. Identical performance of the test cells was not
indicated from the data analysis, but rather a range of
performance.
Keywords: 'Sewage disposal, 'Earth fills, Leaching,
Solid waste disposal, Performance evaluation, Envi-
ronmental surveys, Comparison, "Land disposal.
PB84-220284/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of Low Emission Coal Burner Technol-
ogy on Industrial Boilers. Third Annual Report
(1981). Rept. for Oct 80-Sep 81,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
B. A. Folsom, A. R. Abele, F. B. Jones, J. L. Reese, and
J. Vatsky. Jul 84,123p EPA-600/7-84-024C
Contract EPA-68-02-3127
See also PB84-159227. Prepared in cooperation with
Foster Wheeler Energy Corp., Livingston, NJ.
The report summarizes the third year's effort under
EPA Contract 68-02-3127. The objective of the pro-
gram is to conduct a field evaluation of the distributed
mixing burner (DMB) on an industrial size boiler. The
DMB concept provides for controlled mixing of coal
with combustion air to minimize NOx emissions, while
maintaining an overall oxidizing environment in the fur-
nace to minimize slagging and corrosion. Major ac-
complishments in 1981 included completion of base-
line host boiler tests, completion of prototype DMB
tests in a burner test facility, and installation of the
DMBs in the host boiler.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Burners, 'Boilers, 'Nitrogen
oxides, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Coal, Field
tests, "Distributed mixing burners, "Air pollution abate-
ment.
PB84-220292/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Impact of High Chemical Contaminant Concentra-
tions on Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems: A
State-of-the-Art Review. Final rept. Sep 82-Sep 83,
Arkansas Univ., Fayetteville.
L. J. Thibodeaux, D. C. Wolf, and M. Davis. Jul 84,
120p EPA-600/3-84-075
Grant EPA-R-810480
The state-of-the-art of available methods for predicting
the effects of high chemical concentrations on the
properties, processes, functions, cycles, and re-
sponses of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems was re-
viewed. Environmental problems associated with high
chemical concentrations can occur in soil and water at
landfills; landfarms; spill sites; and sites where chemi-
cals were produced, used, stored, or discarded. Con-
siderable information is available on effects of trace
chemical contaminants, such as pesticides, polychlori-
nated biphenyls, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and metal
ions, in the respective ecosystems. Predictive tech-
niques are becoming available to describe transport
and transformation of such contaminants and, thus
their fate and distribution in certain components of the
environment. Present predictive methods and models
that trace transport and transformation of chemical
species are based on 'natural' soil and water proper-
ties such as density, porosity, infiltration, permeability
viscosity, hydrophobiclty, and diffusivity.
Keywords: "Environmental impacts, "Hazardous ma-
terials, "Ecology, 'Aquatic biology, "Earth fills, *Re-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
views, Farms, Organic compounds, Storage, Trace
elements. Pesticides, Biphenyls, Chlorine organic
compounds, Chlorohydrocarbons, Ions, Metals, Math-
ematical models, Soil properties, Fluid infiltration, Per-
meability, 'Ecosystems, Chemical spills, Polychlorinat-
ed biphenyls.
PB84-220300/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Receiving Water Quality Database for Testing of
Mathematical Models. Final rept. Sep 80-Sep 83,
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Environmental Engi-
neering Sciences.
W. C. Huber, D. F. Maclntyre, and J. P. Heaney. Jul 84,
292p EPA-600/3-84-078
Grant EPA-R-808430
Many mathematical models exist for simulation of
quantity and quality parameters of receiving waters.
Such models are frequently used in the evaluation of
effects on receiving waters of pollution control alterna-
tives such as advanced waste treatment and nonpoint
source runoff abatement practices. This project has
assembled detailed data sets, sufficient for model cali-
bration and verification, for seven sites: Otter Creek,
Vermont; Winooski River, Vermont; Chattahoochee
River, Georgia; Lower Fox River, Wisconsin; Lake
Okeechobee, Florida; Lake Jackson, Florida; Potomac
Estuary, Maryland and Virginia. The data are contained
in this, on magnetic tape and in addenda. They include
physical data (e.g., reach lengths, cross sections), hy-
drologic and hydraulic data; inflows and outflows, pol-
lutant loads, and in-stream concentrations.
Keywords: "Water supply, "Water pollution control,
"Streams, Calibrating, Mathematical models, Sewage
treatment, Runoff, Sites, Hydrology, Stream flow, Mag-
netic tapes, Hydraulics, Rivers, Lakes, Vermont, Geor-
?ia, Wisconsin, Florida, Maryland, Virginia,
ables(Oata), Nonpoint sources.
PB84-220318/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Effect of Underground Coal Gasification on
Groundwater. Summary rept.,
New Mexico Univ., Albuquerque. Dept. of Chemistry.
E. A. Walters, and T. M. Niemczyk. Jul 84,118p EPA-
600/2-84-123
Grant EPA-R-806303
The potential effect of underground coal gasification
on groundwater has been examined in a laboratory
study. The study was directed at Fruitland Formation
subbituminous coal of the San Juan Basin and at the
groundwater found in this coal seam. Two wells were
drilled into the coal seam at a potential UCG test site.
Groundwater samples and core samples of overbur-
den, underburden and coal were analyzed to establish
baseline characteristics. A number of static leaching
and sorption studies were performed on the overbur-
den, underburden, and coal. Ash was prepared at sev-
eral different temperatures and leaching characteris-
tics were examined. Cations of the trace elements Be,
Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg and Pb and the
anions F(-1), As04(-3), Se03(-2), and Mo04(-2) were
selected for coal sorption studies. Distribution coeffi-
cients for sorption on coal were determined for the ca-
tions and anions under conditions reasonably similar
to those in the groundwater of the San Juan Basin. The
effect of humic acid on the sorptive characteristics of
coal was studied.
Keywords: "Coal gasification, "Ground water, "In situ
combustion, "Water pollution, "Trace elements, Labo-
ratory equipment, Leaching, Sorption, Cations, San
Juan Basin, Water analysis, Distribution coefficients,
Adsorption, Sampling, Sites, Water pollution sampling,
Water pollution detection.
PB84*220326/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Use of Probabilistic Information in the Water
Quality Based Approach,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
N. A. Jaworski, and D. I. Mount. 1984,21 p* EPA-600/
D-84-192
During the past two decades, implementation proce-
dures in wastewater management often resulted in a
large margin of safety being incorporated into the use
of water quality criteria for the protection of aquatic life
and its uses. Wasteload allocation design conditions,
such as the use of seven-day, ten-year low flow, gave
assurances of instream concentrations well below the
water quality criteria for a large percentage of time.
Present-day economic conditions and the increasing
cost of advanced wastewater treatment are necessi-
tating a re-examination of how water quality criteria are
being used in the water quality based approach for es-
tablishing effluent limitations. The relationships be-
tween water quality criteria and other components of
the water quality based approach are identified. The
need for a better defined and more consistent use of
statistical information is suggested not only in the de-
velopment of water quality criteria but also for the
entire water quality based approach. Intensity, dura-
tion, and frequency of occurrence (return period)
appear to be three common statistical parameters of
the six-step water quality based approach.
Keywords: "Water quality management, "Aquatic ani-
mals, Protection, Safety, Sewage treatment, Cost
analysis, Standards, Licenses, Waste disposal. Statis-
tical analysis, Allocations, Operations, Maintenances,
Stream flow, Toxicity, "Water quality criteria,
Discharge(Water), Low flow.
PB84-220359/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Chlorinated
Benzenes. Parts 1 and 2. External Review Draft.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Apr 84, 626p EPA-600/8-84-015A
This document summarizes the current knowledge of
the effects of exposure to the chlorinated benzenes on
human health. The chlorinated benzenes are resistant
to chemical and biological degradation and tend to ac-
cumulate in lipid-containing tissues of animals and
humans. The ubiquitous environmental distribution of
the chlorinated benzenes and their bioconcentration in
humans are a basis for concern over the conse-
quences of chronic exposure to human health. The ra-
tionale for structuring this document is based primarily
on two major issues, exposure and response. The first
portion of the document is devoted to the chlorinated
benzenes in the environment: physical and chemical
properties, the monitoring of the chlorinated benzenes
in various media, natural and human-made sources,
the transport and distribution of the chlorinated ben-
zenes within environmental media, and the levels of
exposure. The second part is devoted to biological re-
sponses in laboratory animals and humans including
metabolism, pharmacokinetics, as well as the toxico-
logical effects of the chlorinated benzenes.
Keywords: "Chlorobenzenes, "Public health, "Hazard-
ous materials, "Industrial hygiene, "Environmental sur-
veys, Exposure, Laboratory animals, Water pollution,
Air pollution, Ecology, Malignant neoplasms, Toxicol-
ogy, Humans, Regulations, Standards, Physical prop-
erties, Chemical properties, Metabolism, "Occupation-
al safety and health, Natural emissions, Bioaccumula-
tion, Pharmacokinetics, Land pollution, Cancer.
PB84-220912/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Programmable Turbldistat for Suspended Parti-
cles in Laboratory Aquaria. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
J. Sinnett, and W. R. Davis. 1983,10p EPA-600/J-83-
223, ERLN-266
Pub. in Jnl. of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecolo-
gy, v73 P167-174 1983.
A system for precise control of suspended particle
concentrations in laboratory aquaria is described. It
comprises an air-lift dosing system, a transmissometer
to measure particle concentration, and a microcom-
puter which calculates the dose required to achieve a
programmed turbidity.
Keywords: "Turbidity, "Laboratories, Control equip-
ment, Suspended sediments, Computers, Dosage, Re-
quirements, Reprints, "Aquariums, "Mytilusedulis.
PB84-220920/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Factor Interactions and Aquatic Toxicity Testing.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
R. A. Voyer, and J. F. Heltshe. 1984,9p EPA-600/J-
84-045, CONTRIB-348
Pub. in Water Research, v18 n4 p441-447 1984.
Hypothesizing that experimental variables constituting
an exposure situation act independently when in com-
bination, the authors have reviewed two published
data sets dealing with effects of metal mixtures on
aquatic animals in order to assess the potential practi-
cal significance of factor interactions and their implica-
tion to the design of aquatic toxicity tests. Both data
sets were re-analyzed using three predictive models.
The relative effectiveness of each model in predicting
joint effects of independent test variables was evaluat-
ed in terms of calculated mean-square error and good-
ness-of-fit values, as well as by how well predicted
treatment effects compared with responses observed
by original investigators. A sequential testing protocol
is presented which would permit an evaluation of the
existence of factor interactions.
Keywords: "Metals, "Toxicity, "Aquatic animals,
"Water pollution, Mathematical models, Exposure,
Bioassay, Tests, Responses, Experimental design,
Reprints, Heavy metals.
PB84-220938/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Indeterminate Growth of Pericarps In Three Mem-
bers of the Rhodymeniales (Rhodophyta). Journal
article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
G. B. Thursby, and R. L. Steele. 1984, 4p EPA-600/J-
84-046, ERLN-355
Pub. in Jnl. of Phycology 20, p150-152 1984.
Pericarps generally are thought of as structures having
determinate growth, serving as a protective covering
for the developing gonimoblast. In laboratory culture,
the pericarps of Champia parvula (C. Agardh) Harvey,
Lomentaria baileyana (Harvey) Farlow and Lomentaria
sp. exhibited indeterminate growth. These tissues
could be excised and grown as separate female
plants. The new plants were indistinguishable from the
parent tissue, were fertile, and produced viable carpo-
spores.
Keywords: "Plants(Botany), Reprints, "Pericarps,
Champia parvula, "Rhodymeniales.
PB84-221795/HSU	CPT11
MOBILE3: Source Code (1 Version Upper Case, 1
Version Mixed Case), Anti-Tampering Program
Credits, and Example Runs. Model-Simulation,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
T. Darlington, and R. Parsons. 7 Jun 84, mag tape*
EPA/DF-84/052
Supersedes PB81-223067.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. Tapes can
be prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording
modes for one-half inch tape. Identify recording mode
desired by specifying character set, track, density, and
parity. Call NTIS Computer Products if you have ques-
tions. Price includes documentation, PB84-213974.
MOBILE3 is a computer program that calculates emis-
sion factors for hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide
(CO), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) from highway
motor vehicles. MOBILE3 calculates emission factors
for eight individual vehicle types in two regions of the
country. The emission estimates depend on various
conditions such as ambient temperature, speed, and
mileage accrual rates. MOBILE3 will estimate emis-
sion factors for any calendar year between 1960 and
2020, inclusive. The 20 most recent model years are
considered in operation in each calendar year.
MOBILE3 supersedes MOBILE2. Compared to
MOBILE2, MOBILES incorporates several new op-
tions, calculating methodologies, emission factor esti-
mates, emission control regulations, and internal pro-
gram designs...Software Description: The program is
written in the FORTRAN language for implementation
on a Amdahl 5860 computer using the Michigan Termi-
nal System (MTS) operating system. 304K bytes of
core storage are required to operate the model.
Keywords: "Models-simulation, "Air pollution, "Ex-
haust emissions, "highways, Hydrocarbons, Carbon
monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Fortran, Computer pro-
grams, Comparison, Magnetic tapes, "Emission fac-
tors.
PB84-222017/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Method for Scaling Biological Response of Soil
Microcosms. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
M. A. Shirazi, B. Lighthart, and J. Gillett 1984,24p
EPA-600/J-84-049
Pub. in Ecological Modelling 23, p203-2261984.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
An extensive series of laboratory experiments was
conducted in soil microcosms to study the respiratory
response of microorganisms to toxicant amendments
within different types of soils. Our analysis of test re-
sults demonstrates that coupled biological and envi-
ronmental factors within soil can be scaled (i.e., com-
mensurably and analogously grouped by means of two
rate constants, one characterizing the diffusion of C02
in the soil matrix and another the biological production
of C02. The two rate constants were used to classify
the impact of metal compounds on diverse soil types
and to predict the loss or gain of total respiratory C02
of amended soils relative to intact soils. This method
exemplifies a more general approach, potentially
useful for scaling complex physical and biological
interactions in environmental assessments.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Soils, 'Microorganisms, Carbon
dioxide, Metals, Diffusion, Assessments, Reprints, Mi-
crocosms.
PB84-222025	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Cadmium in Blood and Urine among Smokers and
Non-Smokers with High Cadmium Intake via Food.
Journal article,
Otago Univ., Dunedin (New Zealand).
R. P. Sharma, T. Kjellstroem, and J. M. McKenzie.
C1983,13p EPA/600/J-83/224
Grant EPA-R-807058
Prepared in cooperation with Auckland Univ. (New
Zealand). Dept. of Community Health.
Pub. in Toxicology 29, p163-171 1983.
In New Zealand a species of oyster (Ostrea lutaria)
consumed widely contains on an average 5 micro g
Cd/g wet weight. In this study the cadmium intake and
blood and urinary cadmium levels in a group of 78
people with a known high oyster consumption has
been investigated. A second group of 17 non-smoking
men and women who did not eat oysters were used as
a control group. Each subject was interviewed and in-
formation on smoking habits, diet, medical and occu-
pational history was obtained. The results show that in
spite of a very high intake of cadmium via oysters the
concentration of the toxic metal in whole blood and
urine was not elevated greatly in proportion to the
intake. It is clearly demonstrated that cigarette smok-
ing had a more pronounced and significant effect on
whole blood cadmium levels than the intake of cadmi-
um via oysters. (Copyright (c) 1983 Elsevier Scientific
Publishers Ireland Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Blood chemical analysis, 'Cadmium, Food
consumption, Oysters, Blood, Urine, Reprints, 'Ciga-
rette smoking.
PB84-222215/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Emissions Testing of Industrial Processes Burn-
ing Hazardous Waste Materials,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
R. A. Olexsey, and R, E. Mournighan. Jul 84, 35p EPA-
600/D-84-173
Hazardous waste incinerators are regulated under the
Resource Conservation Recovery Act (RCRA). On the
other hand processes that produce energy and only in-
cidents burn hazardous waste materials are currently
exempt from the RCRA incinerator regulations. EPA
has initiated a Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA) to de-
termine if and to what degree regulation of such proc-
esses may be required. As part of the RIA study, EPA
has conducted field tests of industrial processes that
burn hazardous waste materials. This paper describes
the testing and results of testing of two industrial boil-
ers and a lime kiln that burned hazardous waste mate-
rials during the test program. Data on emissions and
plant operating conditions that existed during emission
measurements are presented. The hazardous com-
pounds burned ranged from non-halogenated solvents
to high chlorinated materials such as trichloroethylene.
Calculated destruction efficiencies for the hazardous
compounds were in the range of from 99.929 to
99.9999.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial wastes,
'Incinerators, 'Solid waste disposal, * Air pollution
control, Regulations, Environmental surveys, Boilers,
Kilns, Performance evaluation, Sampling, Resource
conservation recovery act, Continuous emission moni-
toring systems.
186 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB84-222322/HSU	PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
National Statistical Assessment of Rural Water
Conditions.
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
Jun 84,1647p-in4v
Set includes PB84-222330 through PB84-222363.
No abstract available.
PB84-222330/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
National Statistical Assessment of Rural Water
Conditions. Volume 1,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
J. D. Francis, B. L. Brower, W. F. Graham, O. W.
Larson, III, and J. L. McCaull. Jun 84,424p' EPA-570/
9-84-004A
See also Volume 2, PB84-222348.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB84-
222322.
This study considered five dominant dimensions of the
status of domestic water: quality, quantity, availability,
cost and affordability. Rural residents were asked
about health effects but the results were modest in
that very few rural residents reported adverse health
conditions which they associated with the water
supply. With enactment of the Safe Drinking Water Act
of 1974, Congress set in motion two major efforts to
develop systematic, current data on rural water sup-
plies across the nation. First, in response to growing
concern with the quality of drinking water and its ef-
fects on human health, the Safe Drinking Water Act
provided for a uniform, national set of water quality
standards and extended the monitoring and regulatory
responsibility of the US Government over smaller
water supplies.
Keywords: 'Water supply, 'Water pollution, 'Rural
areas, "United States, Availability, Communities,
Water wells, Springs(Water), Surface waters, Water
distribution, Distribution systems, Sampling, Volume,
Cost analysis, Sanitation, Economic factors, Financ-
ing, Revenue, Statistical data, "Water using devices.
PB84-222348/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
National Statistical Assessment of Rural Water
Conditions. Volume 2.
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
Jun 84, 444p* EPA-570/9-84-004B
See also Volume 1, PB84-222330, and Volume 3,
PB84-222355.Portions of this document are not fully
legible.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, P884-
222322.
This study considered five dominant dimensions of the
status of domestic water: quality, quantity, availability,
cost and affordability. Rural residents were asked
about health effects but the results were modest in
that very few rural residents reported adverse health
conditions which they associated with the water
supply. With enactment of the Safe Drinking Water Act
of 1974, Congress set in motion two major efforts to
develop systematic, current data on rural water sup-
plies across the nation. The Act mandated a one-time
national statistical assessment of the current status of
rural domestic water characteristics.
Keywords: 'Water supply, "Water pollution, "Rural
areas, "United States, Public health, Hazards, Water
quality, Residential buildings, Bacteria, Turbidity,
Color, Inorganic compounds. Organic compounds.
Sampling, Temperature, Chlorohydrocarbons, Coli-
form bacteria, Bacteriology, Variations, Regional plan-
ning, Sodium, Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974.
PB84-2223S5/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
National Statistical Assessment of Rural Water
Conditions. Volume 3.
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
Jun 84,465p* EPA-570/9-84-004C
See also Volume 2, PB84-222348, and Volume 4,
PB84-222363.Portions of this document are not fully
legible.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB84-
222322.
This study considered five dominant dimensions of the
status of domestic water: quality, quantity, availability,
cost and affordability. Rural residents were asked
about health effects but the results were modest in
that very few rural residents reported adverse health
conditions which they associated with the water
supply. With enactment of the Safe Drinking Water Act
of 1974, Congress set in motion two major efforts to
develop systematic, current data on rural water sup-
plies across the nation.
Keywords: 'Water supply, "Water pollution, "Rural
areas, 'United States, Potable water, Water quality,
Water distribution. Distribution systems, Water wells,
Springs(Water), Construction, Statistical analysis,
Communities, Public works, Assessments, Water con-
sumption, Economic factors, Water analysis, Bacteria,
Design, Water treatment, Safe Drinking Water Act of
1974, Ownership.
PB84-222363/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
National Statistical Assessment of Rural Water
Conditions. Volume 4.
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
Jun 84, 316p* EPA-570/9-84-004D
See also Volume 3, PB84-222355.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB84-
222322.
This study considered five dominant dimensions of the
status of domestic water: quality, quantity, availability,
cost and affordability. Rural residents were asked
about health effects but the results were modest in
that very few rural residents reported adverse health
conditions which they associated with the water
supply. With enactment of the Safe Drinking Water Act
of 1974, Congress set in motion two major efforts to
develop systematic, current data on rural water sup-
plies across the nation.
Keywords: 'Water supply, "Water pollution, "Rural
areas, 'United States, Constraints, Regression analy-
sis, Water consumption, Age, Education, Water quality,
Cost analysis, Residential buildings, Water wells, De-
mography, Mathematical models, Tables(Data), 'Safe
Drinking Water Act of 1974, Water using devices, Own-
ership.
PB84-222405/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Solvent Recovery at Vandenberg Air Force Base.
Final rept. Jun 83-Apr 84,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
G. E. Harris, and R. G. Wetherold. Jul 84,101p RAD-
84-203-001-81 -19, EPA-600/2-84-125
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
The report gives results of a feasibility study of the ad-
dition of vapor recovery and solvent purification equip-
ment for Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB) to reuse
the large quantities of waste solvent generated in
space shuttle preparation operations. (NOTE: Oper-
ation of VAFB as the western launch site for the shuttle
will increase the volume of solvent waste generated.)
This project included four major tasks: development of
(1) design criteria, (2) a conceptual design, (3) a site
layout and solvent logistics plan, and (4) detailed
system design specifications, it was determined that
vapor recovery can be justified at only one location,
and that Freon-113 is the only solvent that can be eco-
nomically purified for reuse. The final system design
calls for a carbon adsorption unit for recovery of sol-
vent vapors from the component cleaning facility
(CCF) and a solvent purification facility that includes a
water-wash column, two fractional distillation columns,
molecular sieve driers, and two-stage filtration. Both
facilities should be adjacent to the CCF, and a bulk
Freon system should be installed for the CCF to
reduce the handling of containerized solvents.
Keywords: "Solvents, 'Spacecraft, "Environmental
surveys, 'Materials recovery, 'Vapors, Design criteria
Sites, Performance evaluation, Purification, Distillation'
Filtration, Feasibility. Cost analysis, 'Waste recycling'
"Waste utilization, Liquid wastes, Freon 113, Ethane/
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB84-222447	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Optimal Foraging by Largemouth Bass In Struc-
tured Environments. Journal article,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of Zoology.
O. Anderson. c1984,13p EPA-600/J-84-050
Grant EPA-R-807555
Pub. in Ecology, v65 n3 p851 -861 1984.
The effects of different densities of vegetation on the
foraging behavior of largemouth bass, Micropterus sal-
moides, were examined in the laboratory. Prey en-
counter rates and handling times and the swimming
velocities of the bass while searching for and handling
prey were significantly influenced by changes in the
amount of vegetation. An optimal-foraging model was
then used to predict prey selection by the bass in two
environments with identical prey communities but dif-
ferent densities of macrophytes. Consumption of prey
by the bass corresponded closely with the predictions
of the model. (Copyright (c) 1984 by the Ecological So-
ciety of America.)
Keywords: "Diets, "Animal behavior, *Bass,
Feeding(Supplying), Vegetation, Swimming, Mathe-
matical models, Acclimatization, Temperature, Selec-
tion, Fishes, Insects, Tables(Data), Reprints, "Microp-
terus salmoides, Largemouth bass, "Predator prey re-
lationships.
PB84-222629	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Phytotoxicity of Air Pollutants. Evidence for the
Photodetoxlflcatlon of S02 but Not 03. Journal ar-
ticle,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
searCh Center
D. M. Olszyk, and D. T. Tingey. c1984,10p EPA-600/J-
84-044
Pub. in Plant Physiology 74, p999-1005 1984.
Pisum sativum L. cv Alsweet (garden pea) and Lyco-
persicon esculentum flacca Mill, (tomato) were used to
evaluate the phytotoxicity of S02 and 03 in the light
and dark. Plants were grown in controlled environment
chambers and exposed to S02 or 03 in the light or
dark at the same environmental conditions at which
they were grown. The pea plants were treated with fu-
sicoccin to ensure open stomata in the dark; the sto-
mata of the tomato mutant remained open in the dark.
Both species exhibited 64% to 80% less foliar necro-
sis following exposure to S02 (0.5 to 1.0 microliter per
liter for 2 hours) in the light than in the dark. The de-
crease in S02 injuty for light versus dark exposed
plants was greater in fully expanded than expanding
leaves. Both species exhibited 30% greater foliar ne-
crosis following exposure to 03 (0.2 microliter per liter
for 2 hours) in the light than dark. The increase in 03
injury in the light versus dark was similar for leaves at
all stages of expansion.
Keywords: "Sulfur dioxide, "Ozone, 'Plants(Botany),
Reprints, "Phytotoxicity, "Air pollution effects(Plants),
Garden pea, Tomato, Pisum sativum, Lycopersicon es-
culentum.
PB84-222637/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Microbiology: Methodology and Quality Assur-
ance. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
R. H. Bordner. 1983,12p EPA-600/J-83-222
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
v55 n6p881-890 1983.
Research on the microbiological quality of water con-
tinues to concentrate on improved methods for the de-
tection. enumeration, and identification of pollution in-
dicators, pathogens, and other microbial groups. A
complete handbook of basic laboratory procedures,
replete with resource information of use to environ-
mental microbiologists for practical applications and
research was published. Sections on growth measure-
ment discuss direct, colony, and most probable
number (MPN) counts, cultural enrichment, and selec-
tive media, isolation techniques, and related statistics.
Physical methods include photometry, chromatogra-
phy, radioactivity, and other techniques applicable to
rapid measurements and automation. Diluents, bio-
mass measurements, and laboratory safety are also
addressed. A large volume on prokaryotes provides
practical source material on cultural, enrichment, and
selective techniques of interest to aquatic microbiolo-
gists. Chapters on Enterobacteriaceae, indicators,
pathogens, and marine bacteria describe isolation and
characterization methods for each species, including
those important to water quality. A comprehensive text
on membrane filtration contains chapters on the struc-
ture, characteristics, and standardization of membrane
filters (MF), and reviews MF methods for the examina-
tion of water.
Keywords: "Microbiology, "Quality assurance, "Water
quality, Water pollution, Microorganisms, Potable
water, Distribution systems, Reprints.
PB84-222645	Not available NTIS
Effects of Physical Gradients on the Production
Dynamics of Sediment-Associated Algae. Journal
article,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.
M. W. Davis, and C. D. Mclntire. c1983,15p EPA-600/
J-83-225
Grant EPA-R-806780
Prepared in cooperation with Harbor Branch Founda-
tion, Inc., Fort Pierce, FL.
Pub. in Marine Ecology Progress Series, v13 p103-114
1983.
Sediment-associated microalgal biomass expressed
as chlorophyll a concentration, total organic matter
concentration expressed as ash-free dry weight, and
hourly rates of net community primary production and
community oxygen consumption were measured at
monthly intervals at medium sand, fine sand, and silt
sites between 0.5 and 2.0 m above MLLW during an
entire year at Netarts Bay, Oregon, USA. Estimated
mean annual rates of net primary production were 38 g
C/sq m in sand, 53 g C/sq m in fine sand, and 21 g C/
sq m in silt. The authors tested the hypotheses that
benthic algal primary production dynamics were con-
trolled by sediment type, tidal height, and season. The
results show that although there is a relationship be-
tween these physical factors and benthic algal produc-
tion dynamics, this relationship is neither as simple nor
as linear as had been previously suggested in pub-
lished studies.
Keywords: "Algae, "Biomass, "Primary biological pro-
ductivity, "Estuaries, Sediments, Chlorophylls,
Oxygen, Ocean tides, Height, Seasonal variations, Ne-
tarts Bay, Oregon, Reprints.
PB84-222652	Not available NTIS
Root-Exuded Oxygen in the Aquatic Anglosperm
'Ruppia maritima. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
G. B. Thursby. C1984,4p EPA-600/J-84-048
Prepared in cooperation with Rhode Island Univ.,
Kingston. Dept. of Botany.
Pub. in Marine Ecology Progress Series, v16 p303-305
1984.
The potential impact of oxygen from roots on the
source of inorganic nitrogen for Ruppia maritima L.
(Potamogetonales) was investigated in laboratory ex-
periments. Roots released oxygen at an average rate
of 2 to 3 micrograms 02 (mg dry wt)/hr. A distinctive
oxygenated zone with a radius of 0.75 to 1.25 mm de-
veloped in the sediment around the roots. Although ni-
trate and nitrite could have been present in the oxy-
genated zone, these were unlikely to be significant
sources of nitrogen for R. maritima. Root hairs ex-
tended up to 6 mm beyond this zone. In addition, roots
of plants cultured in a flow-through system took up am-
monia at a rate approximately 9 times greater than that
for either nitrate or nitrite.
Keywords: "Oxygenation, "Sea grasses, Inorganic ni-
trates, Sediments, Oxygen, Removal, Nitrification, Dif-
fusion, Concentration(Composition), Nitrites, Ammo-
nia, Plant physiology, Reprints, "Foreign technology,
"Ruppia maritima, "vascularplants, Roots.
PB84-222660	Not available NTIS
Nutritional Requirements of the Submergtd
Anglo-Sperm 'Ruppia maritima' in Algae-Free Cul-
ture. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
G. B. Thursby. C1984,8p EPA-600/J-84-047,
CONTRIB-580
Prepared in cooperation with Rhode Island Univ.,
Kingston. Dept. of Botany.
Pub. in Marine Ecology Progress Series, v16 p45-50
1984.
Ruppia maritima has the potential to become a model
laboratory organism for studies with submerged aquat-
ic vascular plants. The present study demonstrated
that algae-free R. maritima grew well in a defined
medium without sediment. Growth was a linear re-
sponse to photon flux density over the range of light
tested. Vitamins may be a necessary addition in artifi-
cial seawater. Trace metals caused little or no in-
crease in growth during short-term (3 wk) growth stud-
ies, but appear to be required for long-term cultivation.
Iron also caused no increase in growth, at the concen-
trations tested, but plants were greener in 1.46 mi-
crometers M iron. A nitrate concentration of 110 mi-
crometers M and a phosphate concentration of 2.3 mi-
crometers M were sufficient for maximum growth.
However, 4.5 micrometers M phosphate eliminated oc-
casional CaC03 precipitation in stock cultures. Critical
tissue nitrogen content was between 2.5 and 3.0%,
and critical phosphorus content between 0.25 and
0.35%. A comparison with field data suggests that R.
maritima was deficient in both nitrogen and phospho-
rus during much of the summer.
Keywords: "Aquatic plants, "Plant nutrition, "Growth,
Brackish water, Vitamins, Metals, Iron, Inorganic phos-
phates, Concentration(Composition), Inorganic ni-
trates, Tissues(Biology), Requirements, Reprints,
"Ruppia maritima, "Vascular plants.
PB84-222678	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Methods to Quantify Endocytosls: A Review. Jour-
nal article,
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, Dept. of
Physiology.
R. I. Kavet, and J. D. Brain. C1980,24p EPA-600/J-80-
451
Grant EPA-R-805091
Pub. in Jnl. of the Reticuloendothelial Society, v27 n2
p201-221 Feb 80.
Endocytosis is a process whereby extracellular matter
is transported in bulk to the cell's interior. To accom-
plish this the cell extends portions of the plasma mem-
brane which surround the mass to be ingested. As
these cytoplasmic projections meet, they fuse. The en-
docytic vacuole thus formed pinches off from the
plasma membrane's inner aspect from where it may be
transported deeper into the cell. Alternatively such
structures may form when a portion of the cell surface
invaginates followed by plasma membrane fusion at
the mouth of the invagination. In either case, matter
which was formerly outside the cell becomes internal-
ized through a complex process which requires a co-
ordinated interaction of the plasma membrane with
contractile elements in the cytoplasm. Usually, the in-
gested matter is subjected to digestive attack. This
occurs when the ingested vacuole merges with ly-
sosmes and the contents of each mix. Lysosomes are
vesicular bodies containing both digestive enzymes
which break down macromolecules, and enzymes that
catalyze pathways which mediate killing of certain mi-
crobes.
Keywords: 'Cells(Biology), Molecular biology, Meas-
urement, In vivo analysis, In vitro analysis, Reprints,
"Endocytosis.
PB84-222694	Not available NTIS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Groundwater Transport: Handbook of Mathemati-
cal Models. Journal article,
California Univ., Berkeley. Lawrence Berkeley Lab.
I. Javandel, C. Doughty, and C. F. Tsang. C1984,231 p
ISBN-0-87590-313-4, LCCCN-84-6452, EPA-600/J-
84/051
Library of Congress catalog card no. 84-6452.
Pub. in American Geophysical Union, Water Re-
sources Monograph 10,237p 1984.
There are two main types of ground-water pollution
caused by man: (1) pollution caused by the use of pes-
ticides, herbicides, and fertilizers over agricultural
lands, where the source of contamination covers a rel-
atively large area, and (2) pollution caused by indus-
tries and municipalities, which is generally more local-
ized. In localized situations, the design of any remedial
measure requires knowledge of the extent of the con-
taminant plume. Various mathematical methods may
be used for estimating the size, shape, and develop-
ment of a localized contaminant plume. The present
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
handbook introduces the reader to various mathemati-
cal methods for estimating solute transport in ground-
water systems. It contains tables, figures, and simple
computer programs that can be directly used for field
studies. Three levels of mathematical methods are
covered: (1) analytical, (2) semianalytical, and (3) nu-
merical. The first two levels require relatively small
amounts of data. At the third level, numerical ap-
proaches are discussed and a number of currently
available numerical models are listed, indicating code
capabilities and code developers to be contacted for
further information. An example of the use of one such
model is presented in Appendix J. A discussion on
method selection and data requirements is also includ-
ed.
Keywords: "Ground water, 'Transport properties,
"Handbooks, 'Water pollution, 'Mathematical models,
Pesticides, Fertilizers, Industrial wastes, Agricultural
products, Sewage, Chemical analysis, Sources, Com-
puter programs, Field tests, Land pollution, Numerical
solution.
PB84-223023/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Causes of Papillomas on Fish Exposed to Chlorin-
ated Sewage Effluent,
Auburn Univ., AL.
J M. Grizzle, and P. Melius. Jul 84, 32p EPA-600/3-84-
076
Grant EPA-R-809336
This research was initiated to determine the cause of
oral papillomas in black bullheads (Ictalurus melas)
from the final oxidation pond of the Tuskegee, Ala-
bama, sewage treatment plant. The water in this pond
was chlorinated effluent from the sewage treatment
plant. The presence of a carcinogenic and mutagenic
chemical in the effluent of a sewage treatment plant
was indicated by papillomas developing on caged
black bullheads, glucuronosyltransferase induction in
caged channel catfish, and Ames-test mutagenicity of
water extract. Unlike previously studied fish papillo-
mas, virus-like particles were not present in the tumor
cells. Although mutagenic and carcinogenic chemicals
have not been identified in the wastewater, chlorine is
implicated as a factor contributing to the induction of
the papillomas because the prevalence of papillomas
on wild black bullheads exposed to the effluent de-
creased from 73% to 23% after the chlorination rate
was reduced.
Keywords: 'Papilloma virus, 'Fishes, 'Chlorination,
'Sewage treatment, Toxicity, Exposure, Carcinogens,
Organic compounds, Mutagens, Neoplasms, Icta-
lurus melas.
P884-223031/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment of a Crude-Oil Heater
Using Staged Air Lances for NOx Reduction.
Volume 1. Technical Results. Final rept. Jun 81-Nov
83,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA.
R. DeRosier. Jul 84,105p TR-82-94/EE, EPA-600/7-
84-074A
Contract EPA-68-02-3188
See also Volume 2, PB84-223049.
This volume of the report gives emission results from
field tests of a crude-oil process heater burning a com-
bination of oil and refinery gas. The heater had been
modified by adding a system for injecting secondary air
to reduce NOx emissions. One test was conducted
with the staged air system (low NOx), and the other,
without (baseline). Tests included continuous monitor-
ing of flue gas emissions and source assessment sam-
pling system (SASS) sampling of the flue gas with sub-
sequent laboratory analysis of the samples utilizing
gas chromatography (GC), infrared spectrometry (IR),
gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS),
and low resolution mass spectrometry (SSMS) for
trace metals. LRMS analysis suggested the presence
of eight compound categories in the organic emissions
during the baseline test and four in the low-NOx test.
Keywords: 'Heating equipment, 'Air pollution control,
'Crude oil, 'Nitrogen oxides, Assessments, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Sampling, Performance
evaluation, Tables(Data), Gas analysis, Radioactive
contaminants,	Flue	gases,
Concentration(Composition), Lances, Metals, Trace
elements, Baseline measurements.
188 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB84-223049/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment of a Crude-Oil Heater
Using Staged Air Lances for NOx Reduction.
Volume 2. Data Supplement. Final rept. Jun 81-Nov
83,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA.
R. DeRosier, and B. DaRos. Jul 84,263p TR-82-94/
EE/DS, EPA-600/7-84-074B
Contract EPA-68-02-3188
See also PB84-223031.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
This volume of the report is a compendium of detailed
emission and test data from field tests of a crude-oil
process heater and laboratory analyses of collected
samples. The process heater, burning a combination
of oil and refinery gas, was tested in two operating
modes: baseline (normal operation) and with staged
combustion air for NOx reduction. The test data in-
clude preliminary equipment calibration, detailed
heater operation, and complete flue gas emission
measurement results. Organic compound category in-
formation was obtained using infrared spectrometry
(IR) with specific quantitation of the semi-volatile or-
ganic priority pollutants using gas chromatography
with mass spectrometry (GC/MC). Fractions were de-
termined using liquid chromatography separation of or-
ganic extracts with total organic and IR and low resolu-
tion mass spectrometry (LRMS). Trace elements were
determined by spark source mass spectrometry
(SSMS) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS).
Biological assays of organic sample extracts were also
performed.
Keywords: 'Heating equipment, 'Air pollution control,
'Crude oil, 'Nitrogen oxides, Assessments, Industrial
wastes. Combustion products, Sampling, Performance
evaluation, Tables(Data), Gas analysis, Radioactive
contaminants.	Flue	gases,
Concentration(Composition), Lances, Metals, Trace
elements, Baseline measurements.
PB84-223056/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Low Mileage Catalyst Evaluation with a Methanol-
Fueled Rabbit - Secon Interim Report. Technical
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology and Applications Branch.
R. D. Wagner, and L. C. Landman. Jun 84,188p EPA/
AA/CTAB/TA-84/3
See also PB83-241620.
This report summarizes a test program which was de-
signed to evaluate various exhaust catalysts at low
mileage on a pure methanol-fueled Volkswagon
Rabbit automobile. Hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide,
nitrogen oxides and formaldehyde emissions were
measured to identify which catalysts are the best can-
didates for durability testing in a later program. Cata-
lysts formulations that are eventually selected for dura-
bility testing should cost no more, and preferably less,
than the original catalyst on the vehicle. In addition, all
catalysts should provide the capability to meet the
Federal Exhaust Emission Standards for hydrocarbon
(HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxide (NOx).
Keywords: 'Methyl alcohol, 'Air pollution control
equipment, 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, Cata-
lysts, Performance evaluation, Hydrocarbons, Carbon
monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Formaldehyde, 'Catalyt-
ic reactors(Exhaust systems).
PB84-223064/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Analysis of Particulate Matter Concentrations and
Visibility in the Eastern United States,
Santa Fe Research Corp., NM.
J. Trijonis. Aug 84,137p* EPA-450/4-84-008
Contract EPA-68-02-3578
An analysis is conducted of EPA IP Network data for
the eastern U.S. of particulate concentrations and air-
port data for visibility and relative humidity. Physically
meaningful regression equations are used to deter-
mine light extinction (visibility degradation) as a func-
tion of aerosol concentrations and relative humidity. As
expected from optical theory, the results indicate that
fine particles (FP) are much more closely tied to visibili-
ty than inhalable particles (IP) or total suspended parti-
cles (TSP). Sulfate particles have a much greater ex-
tinction efficiency (per unit mass) than nonsulfate TSP
and nonsulfate IP; fine sulfate particles also appear to
have a somewhat greater extinction efficiency than
fine nonsulfate particles. It is shown that airport visibili-
ty data are of good quality for analyzing the spatial/
temporal extent of fine particle episodes in the East.
Visibility maps provide important qualitative insights re-
garding the spatial extent, transport patterns, and ori-
gins of fine particle episodes.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Visibility, 'Humidity, 'Air pollu-
tion, Fines, Concentration(Composition), Transport
properties, Aerosols, Sites, Sulfates, "Eastern
Region(United States), "Air pollution sampling.
PB84-223072/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Results of the Drilling Fluids Research Program
Sponsored by the Gulf Breeze Environmental Re-
search Laboratory, 1976-1984, and Their Applica-
tion to Hazard Assessment,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
T. W. Duke, and P. R. Parrish. Jun 84,182p* EPA-600/
4-84-055
The Environmental Research Laboratory, Gulf Breeze,
FL, carried out a research program to evaluate the po-
tential impact of drilling fluids on the marine environ-
ment from 1976-1983. Results showed that drilling
fluids can be toxic to marine animals at certain concen-
trations and exposure regimes. Drilling fluids can ad-
versely affect animals through physical contact or
physiologically. While some components that are toxic
are no longer permitted for fluids released on the OCS,
diesel oil is a toxic component of used fluids collected
recently from the Gulf of Mexico. Models developed to
predict the impact of drilling fluids on open, well-mixed
marine environments suggested that under 'normal'
operating conditions, most detectable adverse effects
will be limited to within several hundred meters of the
point of discharge.
Keywords: "Drilling fluids, "Toxicity, "Water pollution,
"Mexico Gulf, Environmental impacts, Aquatic ani-
mals, Diesel oils, Reefs, Sensitivity, Life cycles, Aro-
matic hydrocarbons, Shrimps, Larvae, Clams, Expo-
sure, Additives, Concentration(Composition), Hydro-
carbons, Oysters, "Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB84-223478/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Risk Assessment of Complex Mixtures,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
H. J. Gibb, and C. W. Chen. Jul 84,23p EPA-600/D-84-
186
Quantitative carcinogenic assessment ol complex mix-
tures is complicated by the variability of the mixtures.
Different samples of effluents from the same source
may vary in their carcinogenic potency. A multiplicative
effect could be produced by the action of different frac-
tions of a mixture on different stages of the carcino-
genic process. A mathematical formula explaining this
multiplicative effect is presented here. Antagonism
may result from the action of different fractions on the
same stage. Actual data from both epidemiologic stud-
ies and animal investigations are used for illustration.
Keywords: Effluents, Epidemiology, Assessments,
'Carcinogenesis, 'Risk assessment.
PB84-223486/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
How Should Research and Monitoring Be Inte-
grated,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Oflice of Environmental Processes and Effects Rel
search
D. C. Flemer, T. C. Malone, H. M. Austin, W. R.
Boynton, and R. R. Biggs. 1984,27p EPA-600/D-84-
200
Scientific knowledge of Chesapeake Bay and tidal trib-
utaries has accumulated over many years beginning
mostly with descriptive surveys prior to the 1960's ana
1970's and evolving towards a coupling of monitoring
and research in recent years. This essay discusses the
need to more fully couple monitoring and research ef-
forts in the Bay system because such a union of efforts
is argued to be the most effective way to assess gross
trends in the 'health' of the system (monitoring) and to
understand the basic forces causing these trends (re-
search). This essay challenges this myth and consid-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
activities in detecting changes and establishing cause-
effect relationships in a complex estuarine ecosystem
such as Chesapeake Bay.
Keywords: 'Chesapeake Bay, 'Water pollution, Moni-
toring, Research projects, Sea grasses, Aquatic ani-
mals, Fresh water fishes, Trends, Models, Diagrams,
Concepts, Fisheries, Time series analysis, Harmonic
analysis, 'Ecosystems.
PB84-223494/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Conceptual Development of a Toxic Screening
Model. Final rept.,
Gates (W. E.) and Associates, Inc., Batavia, OH.
W. M. Grayman, J. E. Sarsenski, P. J. Wehrman, and P.
D. Koch. Jul 84,103p EPA-600/9-84-018
This report presents the application of the Routing and
Graphical Display system developed by EPA to show
how computer based modeling and simulation using
the Reach File can be used to assess the types and
concentrations of contaminants that could be found at
any point in a river, using the Lower Mississippi River
as an initial application.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models. 'Water quality,
'Surface waters, 'Water treatment, Display systems,
Concentration(Composition), Streams, Sampling,
Metals, Statistical analysis, Graphs(Charts), Microor-
ganisms, Hydrology, Industrial wastes, Information
systems, Sites, Mississippi River, 'Toxic substances,
'Water pollution sampling, 'Routing and graphic dis-
play systems, Heavy metals.
PB84-223502/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Combustion Modification Tests on a Subscale
Cement Kiln tor NOx Reduction. Final rept. Feb 82-
Feb 84,
KVB, Inc., Irvine, CA.
W. A. Carter, and R. C. Benson. Jul 84, 72p KVB72/
806031 /1900-D190, EPA-600/7-84/075
Contract EPA-68-02-3690
The report gives results of field tests of a subscale
rotary cement kiln to evaluate the effect of various
combustion modifications on gaseous emissions,
using a research kiln donated by a cement company.
The test unit was 8.2 m (27 ft) long and 0.38 m (15 in.)
inside diameter and will produce 68 kg (150 lb) of clink-
er per hour. A coal burner was designed and built for
the test program, and the kiln was reworked to incor-
porate heated secondary air and flue gas recirculation
(PGR). The effects on NO emissions of FGR, diluted
primary air, primary/secondary air ratio, burner tip ve-
locity, and secondary air temperature were evaluated.
The most effective combustion modification for coal
firing was determined to be dilution of primary air with
inert gas, which reduced NO by nearly 40 percent
when the primary-air oxygen concentration was re-
duced to 12 percent.
Keywords: 'Kilns, "Nitrogen oxides, Performance
evaluation, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Field tests, Revisions, Design criteria, Flue gases, Air
pollution, 'Combustion modification, 'Air pollution
abatement.
PB84-223528/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Reverse Osmosis Treatment to Control Inorganic
and Volatile Organic Contamination,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
T. J. Sorg, and O. T. Love, Jr. Jul 84,24p EPA-600/D-
84-198
Because of the versatility of reverse osmosis for re-
moving a wide range of contaminants, U.S. EPA
(Drinking Water Research Division) has been conduct-
ing laboratory and field studies to determine its effec-
tiveness on specific inorganic and organic contami-
nants of concern to the water supply industry. Labora-
tory and field studies for the removal of specific inor-
ganic contaminants have shown that most of the con-
taminants listed in the EPA drinking water regulations
are highly rejected (greater than 90%) while alew con-
taminants, such as fluoride, nitrate, and arsenic III, are
only moderately rejected. Also, tests with different
membranes showed only minor differences In remov-
als. Laboratory studies using cellulose and nylon
amide membranes have shown less than 25% rejec-
tion of volatile organic compounds. A thin film compos-
ite membrane, on the other hand, looked very encour-
aging in short duration (less than 4 hours) tests for re-
moving VOCs. However, when the thin film composite
membrane was exposed to contaminated ground
water for a longer term, certain VOCs, primarily unsatu-
rated and aeromatic compounds, permeated the mem-
branes within 12 to 16 hours. Thus, the future for RO in
controlling VOCs is uncertain.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Inorganic compounds,
'Membranes, 'industrial waste treatment, 'Water pol-
lution control, Field tests, Potable water, Organic com-
pounds, Ground water, Concentration(Composition),
Performance evaluation, Water quality, Polymeric
films, Composite materials, 'Reverse osmosis, 'Vola-
tile organic compounds.
PB84-223627/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Evaluation of Alternative Gaussian Plume Disper-
sion Modeling Techniques in Estimating Short-
Term Sulfur Dioxide Concentrations,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
T. E. Pierce. Jul 84,151 p EPA/600/3-84/079
A routinely applied atmospheric dispersion model was
modified to evaluate alternative modeling techniques
which allowed for more detailed source data, onsite
meteorological data, and several dispersion method-
ologies. These were evaluated with hourly S02 con-
centrations measured at fixed receptors around coal-
fired power plants near Paradise, Kentucky, during
1976 and near Johnsonville, Tennessee, during 1977.
A significant finding of the evaluation was that the
more sophisticated models did not appreciably 'out-
perform' the routinely applied models. The models
using airport meteorological data performed as well as
the models using onsite wind data. With the Pasquill-
Gifford and Briggs dispersion schemes, small differ-
ences in model performance were observed. More
substantial differences occurred with models using
onsite turbulence measurements. The model using
Pasquill's recommendations tended to overpredict
peak concentrations. The models based on Draxler's
and Cramer's approaches using onsite turbulence
yielded mixed results perhaps in part because the lat-
eral standard deviation of wind direction available was
the one-hour average of five-minute values (rather
than a one-hour value) thus eliminating the longer
period fluctuations that are of importance in estimating
one-hour concentrations in addition to the shorter
period fluctuations. Additional research is recommend-
ed to improve the application of onsite turbulence
measurements and to provide more accurate esti-
mates of plume trajectories for input to atmospheric
dispersion models.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Mathematical models, 'Air
pollution, Concentration(Composition), Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Sites, Electric power
plants, Plumes, 'Gaussian plume models, 'Atmos-
pheric dispersion, 'Air pollution sampling, Coal fired
power plants, Johnsonville(Tennessee).
PB84-223734/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Paved Road Particulate Emissions: Source Cate-
gory Report. Final rept. Jan 80-Apr 84,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
C. Cowherd, Jr., and P. J. Englehart. Jul 84,100p* R-
4892-L, EPA-600/7-84-077
Contract EPA-68-02-3158
The report gives results of extensive field tests to de-
velop emission factors for particulate emissions gener-
ated by traffic entrainment of paved road surface par-
ticulate matter. Using roadway surface silt loading as
the basis, predictive emission factor equations for
each particle size range were derived. To facilitate the
use of these particle-size-specific equations in devel-
oping emission inventories, a classification system
was derived of mean or typical silt loadings as a func-
tion of roadway category. These mean silt loadings
were then inserted into the respective emission factor
equations for specific roadway categories and particle
size fractions.
Keywords: 'Pavements, 'Roads, "Air pollution, "Parti-
cles, Dust, Field tests, Traffic, Particle size, Silts,
'Emission factors.
PB84-224351/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment of a Reciprocating
Engine Retrofitted with Nonselective Catalytic Re-
duction. Volume 1. Technical Results. Final rept.
Jun 83-May 84,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
C. Castaldini, and L. R. Waterland. Jul 84,101pTR-84-
153/EE-VOL-1, EPA-600/7-84-073A
Contract EPA-68-02-3188
See also PB84-224369.
The two-volume report describes results from testing a
rich-burn reciprocating internal combustion engine ret-
rofitted with a nonselective catalytic reduction system
for NOx reduction. A comprehensive test program was
performed to characterize catalyst inlet and outlet or-
ganic and inorganic emissions at optimum catalyst
NOx reduction performance, followed by a 15-day ex-
haust emission monitoring program to measure the
catalyst performance under typical engine operating
conditions.
Keywords: 'internal combustion engines, 'Catalysts,
'Reciprocating engines, 'Air pollution control, Assess-
ments, Performance evaluation, Combustion modifica-
tions, Combustion products, Nitrogen oxides, Carbon
monoxide, Tables(Data), Industrial wastes, Sampling,
Flue gases, Natural gas, 'Stationary sources.
PB84-224369/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment of a Reciprocating
Engine Retrofitted with Nonselective Catalytic
Reduction. Volume 2. Data Supplement. Final rept.
Jun 83-May 84,
Acurex Corp., Mountain Vjew, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
C. Castaldini, and L. R. Waterland. Jul 84,118p TR-84-
153/EE-VOL-2, EPA-600/7-84-073B
Contract EPA-68-02-3188
See also PB84-224351.
The two-volume report describes results from testing a
rich-burn reciprocating internal combustion engine ret-
rofitted with a nonselective catalytic reduction system
for NOx reduction. A comprehensive test program was
performed to characterize catalyst inlet and outlet or-
ganic and inorganic emissions at optimum catalyst
NOx reduction performance, followed by a 15-day ex-
haust emission monitoring program to measure the
catalyst performance under typical engine operating
conditions. Over the 15-day monitoring period, NOx re-
duction performance was mostly in the 0 to 40%
range.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, 'Catalysts,
'Reciprocating engines, 'Air pollution control, Assess-
ments, Performance evaluation, Combustion modifica-
tions, Gombustion products, Nitrogen oxides, Carbon
monoxide, Tables(Data), Industrial wastes, Sampling,
Flue gases, Natural gas, 'Stationary sources, Numen-
cal solution.
PB84-22438S/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Hydrologlcal Simulation Program-FORTRAN
(HSPF): Users Manual for Release 8.0. Final rept.
Sep 80-Sep 83,
Linsley, Kraeger Associates Ltd., Mountain View, CA.
R. C. Johanson, J. C. Imhoff, J. L. Kittle, Jr., and A. S.
Donigian, Jr. Jun 84,776p EPA-600/3-84-066
Contract EPA-68-01 -6207
Prepared in cooperation with University of the Pacific,
Stockton, CA. and Anderson-Nichols and Co., Inc.,
Palo Alto, CA. See also PB80-191109.
The Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN
(HSPF) is a set of computer codes that can simulate
the hydrologic, and associated water quality, process-
es on pervious and impervious land surfaces and in
streams and well mixed impoundments. The manual
discusses the modular structure of the system, the
principles of structured programming technology, and
the use of these principles in the construction of the
HSPF software. In addition to a pictorial representation
of how each of the 500 subprograms fits into the
system, the manual presents a detailed discussion of
the algorithms used to simulate various water quality
and quantity processes. Data useful to those who
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
need to install, maintain, or alter the system or who
wish to examine its structure in greater detail also are
presented. The manual is an update of Users Manual
for Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN
(HSPF), EPA-600/9-80-015.
Keywords: "Hydrology, 'Water pollution, Programming
manuals, Computer systems programs, Reservoirs,
Temperature, Dissolved gases, Oxygen, Wind velocity,
Solar radiation, Phosphorus, Time series analysis, Ni-
trogen, Algae, Growth, Mortality, Coding, Fortran, Sub-
routines, Flow charting.
PB84-224393/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab,, Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation and Demonstration of Low-NOx
Burner Systems lor TEOR (Thermally Enhanced
Oil Recovery) Steam Generators: Design Phase
Report. Rept. for Oct 81 -Feb 83,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
G. C. England, M. P. Heap, Y. Kwan, and R. Payne. Jul
84, 356p EPA-600/7-84-076
Contract EPA-68-02-3692
See also PB84-128727.
The report documents the detailed scale-up and
design phase of a program to develop a low-NOx
burner system that can be retrofitted to an existing
thermally enhanced oil recovery (TEOR) steam gener-
ator. The emission design goal for the 16 MW commer-
cial grade burner system is to maintain NOx emissions
below 85 ppm (at 3 percent 02) while firing a heavy
fuel oil containing above 0.6 percent bound nitrogen.
The burner system selected to achieve this emission
goal utilizes a staged combustion process in which the
first stage is thermally isolated and provides long resi-
dence time under high temperature, optimally fuel-rich
conditions. Results from earlier tests at three scales
(21 kW, 0.6 MW, and 3 MW) are compared to identify
design parameters for the 16 MW full-scale burner.
This comparison shows that residence time and tem-
perature in the first stage are the most important scal-
ing parameters. Detailed thermodynamic/mechanical
design features of the full-scale burner hardware are
discussed. Initial evaluation of this burner in a test fur-
nace and results from long-term tests in a field operat-
ing steam generator are documented in two other vol-
umes.
Keywords: "Burners, "Air pollution, "Nitrogen oxides,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Industrial
wastes, Boilers, Combustion products, Thermodynam-
ics, Heavy oils, Field tests, Air pollution abatement,
Enhanced recovery.
PB84-224401/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Candidate Sampling and Analysis Methods for 21
Suspect Carcinogens In Combustion Emissions.
Final rept. Feb 80-Feb 83,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
M. Cooke, W. Piispanen, A. Wensky, J. C. Harris, and
V. Grady. Jul 84,187p EPA-600/7-84-078
Contract EPA-68-02-3138
Prepared in cooperation with Little (Arthur D.), Inc.,
Cambridge, MA.
The report identifies candidate sampling and analysis
methods for 21 suspect carcinogens in conventional
coal and fuel oil combustion emissions. The methods
were selected from an extensive review of existing
techniques used to determine the substances in air
and other matrices. In addition to identifying specific
methods for each suspect carcinogen, the report de-
scribes a comprehensive sampling and analysis proto-
col which can be used to determine 13 of the suspect
carcinogens. Costs for the separate candidate meth-
ods and for the comprehensive protocol are also pro-
vided.
Keywords: "Gas analysis, "Gas sampling, "Carcino-
gens, "Hazardous materials, Combustion products, In-
dustrial wastes, Sampling, Chemical analysis, Field
tests, Cost analysis, Air pollution, "Air pollution detec-
tion, "Air pollution sampling, EPA method 5, Proce-
dures.
PB84-224419/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Use of Sewage Sludge on Agricultural and Dis-
turbed Lands,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign.
T. D. Hinesly, L. G. Hansen, and D. J. Bray. Jul 84,
251p EPA/600/2-84/127
Grant EPA-R-805629
Results of 8 field studies of long-term use of digested
sewage on agricultural and disturbed lands are pre-
sented. The studies included: (1) response of corn
grown on 3 soil types previously amended with annual
sludge applications; (2) response of corn grown annu-
ally on Blount silt loam treated annually with sludge; (3)
continuous corn on strip mine spoils treated with
sludge; (4) differences in Cd and Zn uptake by various
corn hybrids; (5) effects of cation exchange capacity
on Cd uptake; (6) Cd uptake from Cd-spiked sludge by
spinach; (7) response of chickens to Cd in feed; (8) Cd-
induced growth depression and Cd accumulation in
chicks as influenced by dietary modifications. No phy-
totoxicity developed from trace elements in sludge
used annually as fertilizer. Crop uptake of heavy
metals from soils containing residual sludge varied
with species and varieties. Elevated levels of dietary
Cd did not affect health of chickens, egg protection,
nor composition of the eggs.
Keywords: "Strip mining, "Sludge disposal, "Farms,
"Land reclamation, Corn plants, Soil properties, Trace
elements, Cadmium, Zinc, Toxicity, Poultry, Produc-
tion, Eggs, Diets, Chickens, Spoil, Cation exchanging,
Soil analysis, Tables(Data), "Land application,
Sewage irrigation.
PB84-224427/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Long-Term Use of Sewage Sludge on Agricultural
and Disturbed Lands,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign.
T. D. Hinesly, and K. E. Redborg. Jul 84,89p EPA/
600/2-84/126
Prepared in cooperation with Metropolitan Sanitary
District of Greater Chicago, IL.
This report presents results from the last 2 years of a
15-year study of the long term use of sewage sludge
on agricultural and disturbed lands. The three field
studies discussed here include (1) the response of
corn to repeated annual applications of sewage
sludge, (2) the differential uptake of zinc (Zn) in two se-
lected corn hybrids grown on sludge-amended soil,
and (3) the effects of high sludge application rates on
strip-mine spoil characteristics and the response of
plants. In the first study, anaerobically digested sludge
was applied annually for 14 years by furrow irrigation to
an acid Blount silt loam soil at average rates of 0, 12.5,
25, or 50 mt/ha (equivalent dry weight). Corn yields
were higher during the last year than when the study
was initiated for all treatment levels. Sludge applica-
tions caused reduced concentrations of Fe in corn
stover, reduced Mn in leaf, grain, and stover, low but
significant increases of Cu and Ni in all tissues, and
marked increases of Cd and Zn in all tissues.
Keywords: "Sludge disposal, "Strip mining, "Farms,
"Land reclamation, Corn plants, Growth, Periodic vari-
ations, Soil properties, Zinc, Silts, Loams, Spoil,
Concentration(Composition), Iron, pH, Trace ele-
ments, Soil analysis, Tables(Data), "Land application,
Sewage irrigation.
PB84-224435/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Development of Apical Pits in Chloride Cells of
the Gills of 'Plmephales promelas' After Chronic
Exposureto Acid Water,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
R. L. Leino, J. G. Anderson, and J. H. McCormick. Jul
84, 8p EPA-600/D-84-199
Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Univ.-Duluth.
Groups of 12 fathead minnows were exposed for 129
days to Lake Superior water acidified (pH 5.0, 5.5, 6.0
or 6.5) with reagent grade H2S04 by means of a multi-
channel toxicant system for flow-through bioassays.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Cells(Biology), "Acidity, Ex-
posure, Bioassay, Fisnes, Lake Superior, "Gills, Pime-
phales promelas, "Water pollution effects(Animals),
Fathead minnows.
PB84-224443/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Recent Advances in Commercial Organlc-Acld-
Enhanced FGD (Flue Gas Desulfurization) Sys-
tems. Rept. for Sep 83-Jul 84,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J. D. Mobley, and J. C. Dickerman. Jul 84, 19p EPA-
600/D-84-195
Prepared in cooperation with Radian Corp., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
The paper summarizes the results of several cost anal-
yses that were performed to evaluate the potential
economic benefits of converting operating flue gas de-
sulfurization (FGD) systems to organic-acid-enhanced
limestone scrubbing systems. In addition, it summa-
rizes the first 2 years of operation of the first full-scale
system to convert to organic-acid-enhanced oper-
ation-City Utilities' Southwest Power Plant. Applica-
tion of organic-acid buffer enhancement to FGD sys-
tems is a recent development that has resulted in low-
ered costs and improved performance for systems that
have adopted its use. A process that uses organic
acids as an additive has several advantages over con-
ventional limestone scrubber systems, including: im-
proved S02 removal, decreased limestone consump-
tion, increased system flexibility (e.g., ability to respond
to unplanned fluctuations in coal sulfur content), and
improved process reliability.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Organic
acids, Sulfur dioxide, Flue gases, Electric power
plants, Economic analysis, Additives,
Buffers(Chemistry), Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Cost effectiveness, Performance evaluation,
"Limestone scrubbing, Flue gas desulfurization.
PB84-224450/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Estimating the Acute Toxicity of Narcotic Industri-
al Chemicals to Fathead Minnows,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
G. D. Veith, D. J. Call, and L. T. Brooke. Jul 84,11p
EPA-600/D-84-190
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Univ.-Superi-
or. Center for Lake Superior Environmental Studies.
The overwhelming number of industrial chemicals
either in commerce or in development precludes
actual toxicity testing of each chemical and creates a
need for initial screening techniques to focus efforts on
those chemicals with the greatest potential for adverse
environmental effects. One promising screening tech-
nique is the use of the structure-activity relationship to
estimate aquatic toxicity from chemical structure.
Using five major classes of industrial chemicals from
the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) inventory,
this paper presents a structure-activity relationship be-
tween the 96-h LC50 with fathead minnows and the n-
octanol/water partition coefficient which can be com-
puted from structure. Common industrial alcohols, ke-
tones, alkyl halides, ethers, and benzenes are shown
to cause lethality by the same mode of action of narco-
sis. Consequently, a single bilinear equation can pre-
dict adequately the 96-h LC50 of all classes of industri-
al chemicals to fathead minnows.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Narcotics, Estimates, Fishes,
Screening, Fathead minnows, Toxic substances,
"Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB84-224468/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Off ice of Solid Waste.
Assessing ths Releases and Costs Associated
with Truck Transport of Hazardous Wastes. Final
rept.,
ICF, Inc., Washington, DC.
M. Abkowitz, A. Eiger, and S. Srinivasan. 1984, 159d
Contract EPA-68-01 -6621
This report estimates the releases from and costs of
the truck transport of hazardous waste. The report
contains these estimates for bulk and container ship-
ments. This study is a component of a larger analysis
of hazardous waste management, EPA's RCRA Risk-
Cost Analysis Model'. Transport releases are present-
ed as the sum of the expected fraction released en-
route and the expected fraction released at terminal
points. To make estimates, existing studies were re-
viewed and state and national data on accident rates
quantities released in accidents, distance of ship'
ments, numbers of shipments, quantities shipped, and
component costs were evaluated.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Highway transportation, "Trucks,
'Wastes, Bulk cargo, Containerizing, Cost estimates,
Contaminants, Pollution, 'Hazardous materials trans-
portation, Accident studies.
PB84-224518/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Mobile Source Exposure Estimation. Final rept. Jun
82-May 83.
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
M. N Ingalls. Mar 84,136p EPA-460/3-84-004
Contract EPA-68-03-3073
This project was conducted to provide a national expo-
sure, in terms of person hours, to non-reactive mobile
source pollutants. The basis for the estimate was the
EPA 'NAAOS Exposure Model' (NEM) as applied to
carbon monoxide, supplemented by four mobile
source microenvironments: parking garages, street
canyons, on-expressways, and roadway tunnels. From
previous studies, both published and unpublished, CO
concentration distributions and national population es-
timates, by hour of the day. for each of these mobile
source microenvironments were developed. That in-
formation was combined to determine national expo-
sure in the microenvironments. By using the mobile
source CO emission factor, exposure to mobile source
pollutants based on a pollutant emission rate of one
gram per minute was determined for each of the mi-
croenvironments and the environments covered by the
NEM. The methodology for using this information to
determine exposure to any mobile source pollutant,
regulated or unregulated was explained.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Motor
vehicles, 'Public health, Exposure, Carbon monoxide,
Concentration(Composition), Garages, Streets, Vehic-
ular tunnels, Roads, Urban areas, Regional planning,
'Toxic substances, Emission factors.
PB84-224542/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC.
Water Resources Data for Virginia, Water Year
1983. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 82-30 Sep 83,
Geological Survey, Richmond, VA. Water Resources
Div.
B. J. Prugh, Jr., F. J. Easton, and D. D. Lynch. May 84,
454p USGS-WDR-VA-83-1, USGS/WRD/HD-84-030
See also PB82-113416 and PB84-118553. Sponsored
in part by Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC., and
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water resources data for the 1983 water year for Vir-
ginia consist of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams: stage, contents, and water quality
of lakes and reservoirs: and water levels and water
quality of ground-water wells. This volume contains
records for water discharge at 196 gaging stations;
stage only at 1 gaging station; stage and contents at
10 lakes and reservoirs; water quality at 47 gaging sta-
tions and 2 wells; and water levels at 60 observation
wells. Also included are data for 77 crest-stage partial-
record stations.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Virginia,
Water quality, Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow rate,
Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Tempera-
ture, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB84-224559/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC.
Water Resources Data tor Mississippi, Water Year
1982. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 81-30 Sep 82,
Geological Survey, Jackson, MS. Water Resources
Div.
C. H. Tate, E. J. Tharpe, G. A. Bednar, and W. T.
Oakley. Jun 84,355p USGS/WRD/HD-84/019
See also PB83-170746. Sponsored in part by Corps of
Engineers, Washington, DC., National Weather Serv-
ice, Silver Spring, MD., and Soil Conservation Service,
Washington, DC. Prepared in cooperation with Missis-
sippi Dept. of Natural Resources, Jackson.
Water resources data for the 1982 water year for Mis-
sissippi consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality of ground-water wells. This report con-
tains records of water discharge at 63 gaging stations;
stage records for 18 of these gaging stations; stage
only at 5 gaging stations; water quality for 26 gaging
stations, and 71 wells; and water levels for 317 obser-
vation wells. Also included are peak-discharge data for
90 crest-stage partial-record stations and water quality
data at 85 partial-record or miscellaneous sites.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Missis-
sippi, Water quality, Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes,
Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Temperature,
Tables(Data), 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB84-224674/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Fused Silica Capillary Column GC/MS Quality
Control Protocol for the Determination of Semivo-
latlle Priority Pollutants. Rept. for Feb 83-May 84.
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
Jul 84, 68p EPA-600/4-84-068
Contract EPA-68-03-3100
This quality control protocol is intended to serve as a
guide to those laboratories employing fused silica cap-
illary column (FSCC) gas chromatographic/mass
spectrometric (GC/MS) techniques for the analysis of
the extractable semivolatile priority pollutants. The
document presents apparatus requirements and gives
guidance for standards preparation, extract mixing,
system setup and calibration. Qualitative and quantita-
tive data including internal standard assignment, quan-
titation mass, relative retention times (RRT) values, in-
terlaboratory and intralaboratory response factors
(RF) values are also presented. This document pro-
vides a schedule for GC/MS system calibration re-
quirements including: ion abundance calibration,
column performance testing, sensitivity verification,
system linearity, and injection technique reproducibil-
ity. This protocol does not provide guidance regarding
sample extraction and workup; therefore, any quality
control (QC) parameters related to this aspect of priori-
ty pollutant analysis are not addressed in this protocol.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Laboratory equip-
ment, "Quality control, 'Environmental surveys, 'Cap-
illary tubes, Gas chromatography, Mass spectroscopy,
Sampling, Calibrating, Performance evaluation, Stand-
ards, Pesticides, Organic compounds.
PB84-225010/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Development of Toxic Screening Models for Sur-
face Water Supplies,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
W. M. Grayman, J. A. Goodrich, and R. M. Clark. Jul
84, 9p EPA/600/D-84/197
Prepared in cooperation with Grayman (Walter M.),
Cincinnati, OH.
A major interest of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency has been the assessment or ranking of vulner-
able water utilities. Until recently, no techniques have
been available. That quantitatively put into perspective
the many conflicting factors that contribute to a utility's
vulnerability to point and nonpoint sources of pollution.
This paper describes a methodology, using two case
studies, that enables such analyses and to also close
the information gap that potentially exists between
water pollution control strategies and water consump-
tion.
Keywords: "Surface waters, 'Water quality, 'Mathe-
matical models, 'Water supply, Industrial wastes,
Runoff, Urban areas. Agricultural products, Mississippi
River, Ohio River, Assessments, Kanawha River, Pota-
ble water, Water consumption, Water pollution control,
Concentration(Composition), 'Toxic substances, Case
studies.
PB84-225176/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC.
Water Resources Data for Michigan, Water Year
1983. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 82-30 Sep 83,
Geological Survey, Lansing, Ml. Water Resources Div.
J. B. Miller, J. L. Oberg, and T. Sieger, Jr. Feb 84,302p
USGS-WOR-MI-83-1, USGS/WRD/HD-84/016
See also PB83-229500. Sponsored in part by Corps of
Engineers, Washington, DC., National Weather Serv-
ice, Silver Spring, MD., Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC., and National Park Service,
Washington, DC.
Water resources data for the 1983 water year for
Michigan consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water temperature of ground water. This report con-
tains discharge records for 143 gaging stations; stage
only records for 3 gaging stations; stage and contents
for 5 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 33 continu-
ous-record stations; and water levels for 53 observa-
tion wells. Also included are 74 crest-stage partial-
record stations and 8 low-flow partial-record stations.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Michi-
gan, Water quality, Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes,
Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Temperature,
Tables(Data), 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels, Low flow.
PB84-225762/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Control of Industrial VOC (Volatile Organic Com-
pound) Emissions by Catalytic Incineration.
Volume 1. Assessment of Catalytic Incineration
and Competing Controls. Final rept. May 82-Aug 83.
Radian Corp., Durham, NC.
M. S. Jennings, N. E. Krohn, and R. S. Berry. Jul 84,
184p RAD-83-203-001-39-07, EPA-600/2-84-118A
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
See also Volume 2, PB84-225770.
The report is part of a two-phase EPA effort to assess
the performance, suitability, and costs of various tech-
nologies to control emissions of volatile organic com-
pounds (VOCs). In Phase 1, information was assem-
bled from the literature on the use and cost of using
catalytic incineration for VOC control. Results includ-
ed: (1) a review of current and developing catalytic in-
cineration technology, (2) an assessment of the overall
performance of catalytic incinerators, (3) a review of
applications where catalytic incinerators are used, (4)
a comparative analysis of catalytic incineration with
other competing VOC controls, (5) an examination of
available methods for emission testing catalytic incin-
erators, and (6) an assessment of the need for addi-
tional performance test data. Phase 2 was a test pro-
gram designed to increase the catalytic incinerator
performance data base. It resulted in reports docu-
menting the performance of eight catalytic incinerators
at six industrial sites. The incinerators were used to
control VOC emmisions from solvent evaporation
processes at can coating, coil coating, magnet wire,
and graphic arts printing plants. Performance was
measured at several process conditions at each site.
Incinerator performance was characterized in terms of
destruction efficiency, outlet solvent concentration,
and energy usage. Design and operating data were
collected.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Catalysts, 'Inciner-
ators, Assessments, Organic compounds, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Design criteria. Printing
equipment, Magnet wire. Coating processes, Solvents,
Performance evaluation, Cost analysis, Sampling,
Comparison, Field tests, 'Volatile organic compounds,
'Air pollution sampling.
PB84-225770/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Control of Industrial VOC (Volatile Organic Com-
pound) Emissions by Catalytic Incineration,
volume 2. Final Report on Catalytic Incinerator
Performance at Six Industrial Sites. Rept. from May
82-Aug 83,
Radian Corp., Durham, NC.
M. A. Palazzolo, R. M. Parks, and K. K. Fidler. Jul 84,
90p RAD-83-203-001 -50-35, EPA-600/2-84-118B
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
See also Volume 1, PB84-225762, and Volume 3,
PB84-225788.
The task of fneeting these objectives was accom-
plished in two phases. In the first phase, information
was assembled from the literature on the use and cost
of using catalytic incineration for VOC control. This
phase of the study provides results in the following
areas: A review of current and developing catalytic in-
cineration technology; an assessment of the overall
performance of catalytic incinerators; a review of appli-
cations where catalytic incinerators are used; a com-
parative analysis of catalytic incineration with other
competing VOC controls; an examination of the avall-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
able methods for emission testing catalytic inciner-
ators, and an assessment of the need for additional
performance test data. The second phase was a test-
ing program designed to increase the catalytic Inciner-
ator performance data base. The testing program was
planned so that 8 catalytic incinerators at industrial
sites would be tested.
Keywords: * Air pollution control, 'Catalysts, 'Inciner-
ators, Assessments, Performance evaluation, Com-
parison, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Sol-
vents, Printing equipment, Organic compounds, Sam-
pling, Design criteria, Sites, Coating processes,
Magnet wire, "Volatile organic compounds, 'Air pollu-
tion sampling.
PB84-225788/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Control of Industrial VOC (Volatile Organic Com-
pound) Emissions by Catalytic Incineration.
Volume 3. Catalytic Incinerator Performance at In-
dustrial Site C-1. Final rept. May 82-Aug 83,
Radian Corp., Durham, NC.
M. A. Palazzolo. Jul 84,131 p RAD-83-203-001-50-29,
EPA-600/2-84-118C
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
See also Volume 2, PB84-225770, and Volume 4,
PB84-225796.Portions of this document are not fully
legible.
Radian Corporation is conducting a testing program for
the EPA (Contract No. 68-02-3171, Work Assignment
50) to document the performance of catalytic inciner-
ators applied to industrial processes for volatile organ-
ic compound (VOC) control. Performance data collect-
ed at each test site is being summarized in a series of
test reports. A final report (Volume 2) presents a com-
parative analysis of data from all test sites. This report
(Volume 3) presents test results for two incinerators at
Plant C-1, a metal decorating plant.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Catalysts, 'Inciner-
ators, Assessments, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Sites, Comparison, Metal industry, Design
criteria, Performance evaluation, Solvents, Coating
processes, Magnet wire, Printing equipment, Sam-
pling, 'Volatile organic compounds, 'Air pollution sam-
pling.
PB84-225796/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Control of Industrial VOC (Volatile Organic Com-
pound) Emissions by Catalytic Incineration.
Volume 4. Catalytic Incinerator Performance at In-
dustrial Site C-2. Final rept. May 82-Aug 83,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
J. R. Blacksmith, and J. L. Randall. Jul 84,61 p RAD-
83-203-001-50-31, EPA-600/2-84-118D
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
See also Volume 3, PB84-225788, and Volume 6,
PB84-225812.
Radian Corporation is conducting a testing program for
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to evaluate
the performance of catalytic incinerators that are ap-
plied to industrial processes for volatile organic com-
pound (VOC) control. This report documents the re-
sults of the performance testing of a catalytic incinera-
tor operating to control VOC emissions from printing
line number 3 at Plant C-2, a graphic arts printing es-
tablishment. The incinerator and its relationship to the
printing process are discussed in Section 2. The sam-
pling and analytical procedures used to test the Plant
C-2 catalytic incinerator are briefly presented in Sec-
tion 3, and the results of the abbreviated test are sum-
marized in Section 4. Finally, all data obtained during
this portion of the test program are appended.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Catalysts, 'Inciner-
ators, Assessments, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Sites, Comparison, Gas analysis, Design cri-
teria, Performance evaluation, Solvents, Coating proc-
esses, Magnet wire, Printing equipment, Sampling,
"Volatile organic compounds, "Air pollution sampling.
PB84-225612/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tn-
angle Park, NC.
192 Vol. 90, No. 24
Control of Industrial VOC (Volatile Organic Com-
pound) Emissions by Catalytic Incineration.
Volume 6. Catalytic Incinerator Performance at In-
dustrial Site C-4. Final rept. May 82-Aug 83,
Radian Corp., Durham, NC.
K. K. Fidler, and M. A. Palazzolo. Jul 84, 94p RAD-83-
203-001 -50-30, EPA-600/2-84-118F
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
See also Volume 4, PB84-225796, and Volume 9,
PB84-225846.
Radian Corporation is conducting a testing program for
the EPA to document the performance of catalytic in-
cinerators applied to industrial processes for volatile
organic compound (VOC) control. Performance data
collected at each test site is being summarized in a
series of test reports (Volumes 3-8). A final report
(Volume 2) presents comparative results of data from
all test sites. This report presents test results from the
incinerator at Plant C-4, a metal decorating plant.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Catalysts, 'Inciner-
ators, Assessments, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Sites, Comparison, Metal industry, Molecular
weights, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Sol-
vents, Coating processes, Magnet wire, Printing equip-
ment, Sampling, 'Volatile organic compounds, 'Air
pollution sampling.
PB84-225846/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Control of Industrial VOC (Volatile Organic Com-
pound) Emissions by Catalytic Incineration.
Volume 9. Quality Assurance. Final rept. May 82-
Aug 83,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
D. L. Lewis, and J. I. Steinmetz. Jul 84,176p RAD-83-
203-001-50-26, EPA-600/2-84-1181
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
See also Volume 6, PB84-225812.
Radian Corporation, under contract to the U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, performed site selec-
tion, test plan development, and performance tests of
catalytic incinerators used for volatile organic com-
pound (VOC) emissions control at industrial sites. VOC
emissions are of concern to the EPA because they
may react photochemically in the atmosphere to form
photochemical oxidants. National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQS) for photochemical oxidants are
routinely exceeded in many areas of the United States.
Performance tests conducted for this project incorpo-
rated a comprehensive quality assurance/quality con-
trol (QA/QC) program. The QA/QC program was de-
signed to control data quality within acceptable limits
and to provide a basis for estimating uncertainty asso-
ciated with the measurement data. This report pre-
sents an assessment of data quality based on audit re-
sults, QC data, and performance test results.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Catalysts, "Inciner-
ators, "Quality assurance, 'Quality control, Assess-
ments, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Sites,
Comparison, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
Solvents, Coating processes, Magnet wire, Printing
equipment, Sampling, 'Volatile organic compounds,
'Air pollution sampling.
PB64-2260S7/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Technical Discussions Relating to the Use of
Carbon Bond Mechanism In OZIPM/EKMA (Ozone
Isopleth Plotting with Optional Mechanisms/Em-
pirical Kinetic Modeling Approach). Final rept.,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
J. P. Killus, and G. Z. Whitten. May 84,102p EPA-450/
4-84-009
Contract EPA-68-02-3570
The document discusses the use of the Carbon Bond
3 (CB-3) mechanism with the city-specific Empirical Ki-
netics Modeling Approach (EKMA). Topics addressed
include: (1) a description of the CB-3 mechanism, (2)
background information of the formulation of key
mechanism parameters, and (3) discussions on the
treatment of initial conditions, emissions, background
ozone, and background precursors with EKMA/CB-3.
Keywords: 'Carbon, 'Chemical bonds, "Air pollution
control, "Mathematical models, 'Ozone, Photochemi-
cal reactions, Urban areas, Nitrogen oxides, Reaction
kinetics, Exhaust emissions, Organic compounds,
Photolysis, 'EKMA models, "OZIPP models, "Volatile
organic compounds, "Chemical reaction mechanisms,
Air quality.
PB84-226489/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Organic Pollutant Sorption In Aquatic Systems.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
S. W. Karickhoff. 1984, 31 p EPA-600/J-84-052
Pub. in Jnl. of Hydraulic Engineering, v10 n6 p707-735
Jun84.
An understanding of sorption processes is an impor-
tant key to describing pollutant fate in an aquatic
system because sorption may alter significantly physi-
cal transport and chemical reactivity of pollutants. The
sorption of uncharged organic to natural aquatic sor-
bents is dominated by 'hydrophobic interactions.' For
composite particulates (i.e., sediments/soils), organic
matter is the primary sorbing constituent. Sorption par-
tition coefficients, indexed to organic carbon K(oc), are
relatively invariant for natural sorbents. K(oc)'s can be
estimated from other physical properties of pollutants
(aqueous solubility or octanol/water partition coeffi-
cients). Hydrophilic contributions to sorption tend to
occur with one or both of the following conditions: (1)
high sorbate polarity; and (2) low organic carbon con-
tent of the sorbent. especially with coincident high clay
content. Although a prior estimation techniques com-
parable to hydrophobic sorption are not presently
available, hydrophilic contributions relative to K(oc)
can be estimated based on chemical class and sor-
bent composition. Although sorption to sediment or
soils is frequently viewed as a rapid process in environ-
mental modeling, true sorption equilibrium may require
weeks to months to achieve, with pollutant uptake and
release kinetics highly dependent on molecular size,
sorbent cohesive properties, and solids concentration.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Water pollution,
Sorption, Transport properties, Chemical reactions,
Sediments, Solubility, Reprints, 'Path of pollutants.
PB84-226407/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Benzo(a)Pyrene Metabolism In Marine Fish and
Some Analytical Aspects of Its Metabolites. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
W. P. Schoor. 1984,7p EPA-600/J-84-061
Pub. in National Cancer Institute Monograph, n65
p391 -396 1984.
In interspecies comparisons of benzo(a)pyrene metab-
olism, standardized procedures in the analysis of the
metabolites must be established. Technical problems
arising in metabolite analysis are discussed, and data
are presented showing the activities of the mixed func-
tion oxygenase and transferase systems in phenobar-
bital- and 3-methylcholanthrene-induced mullet and
killifish.
Keywords: 'Aquatic animals, 'Water pollution, Metab-
olism, Comparison, Water analysis. Bioassay, Fishes,
Biochemistry, Reprints, 'Benzopyrenes, 'Water pollu-
tion effects(Animals), 'Toxic substances, 'Metabo-
lites.
PB84-226505/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect* of Stocking Density on Survival of Labora-
tory Cultured Summer Flounder 'Paralichthys den-
tatus' Larvae. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
G. Klein-MacPhee. 1981,3p EPA-600/J-81-671
Pub. in Rapp. P-v. Reum. Cons. int. Explor. Mer. 178
P505-506 1 981.
Studies are being conducted to determine standard
laboratory culture conditions for rearing summer floun-
der larvae to be used in toxicological bioassays. Ex-
periments were conducted using the type of container
and physical conditions use in the long term chronic
toxicological bioassays. Possible causes of increased
mortality and developmental abnormalities at increas-
ing stocking densities are discussed. Optimum density
in the 6 liter closed system was about 20 fish per liter.
Keywords: 'Flatfishes, 'Larvae, 'Aquaculture, Surviv-
al, Laboratories, Mortality, Denslty(Mass/volume) Bio-
assay, Toxicology, Reprints, 'Paralichthys dentatus
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB84-226513/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Usefulness of 'Cyprinodon varlegatus' and 'Fun-
dulus grandis' in Carcinogenicity Testing: Advan-
tage* and Special Problems. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
L. A. Courtney, and J. A. Couch. 1984,15p EPA-600/J-
84-063
Pub. in National Cancer Institute Monograph, n65 p83-
961984.
Cyprinodon variegatus and Fundulus grandis, two spe-
cies of Cyprinodontid fishes extensively studied and
used in toxicological and biological investigations, are
reviewed and compared as laboratory test animals.
Their ecology and general biology, and suitability for
various types of experimentation are examined. A lab-
oratory system for exposing critical life stages (e.g.,
embryos, fry, juveniles) of these species to suspect
carcinogens is described. A discussion of the use, find-
ings and potential of these species in oncological stud-
ies and carcinogen assays is presented, particularly in
regard to responses to three known or suspect carcin-
ogen chemicals (e.g., trifluraline, benzidine, and ana-
toxin). Finally, advantages and disadvantages or spe-
cial problems in using the species as carcinogen test
animals are reviewed.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Bioassay, Exposure, Fishes,
Reprints, "Animal models, "Carcinogenesis, Cyprino-
don variegatus, Fundulus grandis, "Water pollution
effects( Animals).
PB84-226521	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Need for Uniform Terminology Concerning Phyto-
plankton Cell Size Fractions and Examples of Pl-
coplankton from the Laurentlan Qreat Lakes. Jour-
nal article,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Div.
L. SicRo-Goad, and E. F. Stoermer. C1984,6p EPA-
600/J-84-056
Grant EPA-R-807450
Pub. in Jnl. Great Lakes Research, v10 n1 p90-93
1984.
A variety of terms are used to describe phytoplankton
cell size fractions in the fresh-water and marine litera-
ture. To eliminate misinterpretations, it is strongly sug-
gested that a uniform terminology be adopted by llm-
nologists and phycologists working in the Great Lakes.
This terminology is In accord with S1 units of dimen-
sion and mass. Some examples of the importance of
picoplankton are discussed. (Copyright (c) Internal.
Assoc. Great Lakes Res., 1984.)
Keywords: "Algae, "Taxonomy, "Laurentian Great
Lakes, Classifications, Size determination,
Cells(Biology), Sampling, Saginaw Bay, Nets, Reprints.
PB84-226539	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Growth and Survival of Developing Steelhead
Trout ('Salmo gairdneri') continuously or Intermit-
tently Exposed to Copper. Journal article,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Fisheries and
Wildlife.
W. K. Seim, L. R. Curtis, S. W. Glenn, and G. A.
Chapman. c1984,8p EPA-600/J-84-055
Grant EPA-R-807280
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Fisheries and Aquatic Sci-
ence, v41 n3 P433-438 1984.
Steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) were continuously or
intermittently exposed to copper over a 78-d period
from 6 d postfertilization through 5 wk postswimup.
Copper was introduced into the intermittent exposure
chambers for 4.5 h each day. Continuously exposed
fish survived and grew better than intermittently ex-
posed fish at the same daily mean copper concentra-
tions. Intermittently exposed fish accumulated signifi-
cantly more copper than those continuously exposed
at the same daily mean concentrations. Results dem-
onstrated that data derived from continuous laboratory
exposures should not be directly converted to water
quality criteria where toxicant concentrations in natural
waters are temporally variable.
Keywords: "Copper, "Metals, "Toxicology, Growth,
Survival, Fishes, Reprints, Salmo gairdneri, Steelhead
trout, Salmo gairdneri, Heavy metals, "Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB84-226547	Not available NTIS
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Transport of Ozone by Turbulence and Clouds in
an Urban Boundary Layer. Journal article,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Boulder, CO. Environmental Research Labs.
G. K. Greenhut, J. K. S. Ching, R. Pearson, Jr., and T.
P. Repoff. C1984,11 p EPA-600/J-84-053
Prepared in cooperation with Colorado State Univ.,
Fort Collins. Dept. of Atmospheric Science.
Pub. in Jnl. of Geophysical Research, v89 nD3 p4757-
4766,20 Jun 84.
The turbulent fluxes of ozone and latent and sensible
heat are computed from fast-response measurements
made aboard a NOAA aircraft over downtown Phila-
delphia and the surrounding suburbs during the after-
noon and evening of 22 August 1979. The normalized
variances and spectra of vertical velocity, temperature,
and ozone show little change with height or location in
the urban center and northwest suburbs during the
afternoon. Data from a cloud penetration by the air-
craft is used to estimate a mean updraft velocity of 4
m/s and an updraft area of approximately 1 sq km. The
flux of ozone due to the mean motion in the updraft is
two orders of magnitude larger than the turbulent eddy
fluxes within the cloud.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Aerial surveys, "Boundary layer
transition, "Air pollution, "Turbulent flow, "Clouds,
Transport properties, Meteorology, Urban areas,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints.
PB84-2265S4	Not available NTIS
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Droplet Phase (Heterogeneous) and Qas Phase
(Homogeneous) Contributions to Secondary Am-
bient Aerosol Formation as Functions of Relative
Humidity. Journal article,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Dept. of Mechanical En-
ineering.
. H. McMurry, and J. C. Wilson. C1983,10p EPA-600/
J-83-227
Grant EPA-R-806801
Pub. in Jnl. of Geophysical Research, v88 nC9 p5105-
5101,20 Jun 83.
In previous publications (McMurry and Wilson, 1982;
McMurry et al., 1981), techniques for determining the
relative contributions of gas phase and liquid phase re-
actions to secondary ambient aerosol formation have
been described. In this paper these methods are ap-
plied to more recent data acquired during the 1980 En-
vironmental Protection Agency PEPE-NEROS study
near Columbus, Ohio. It is shown that liquid phase re-
actions tend to be the most important mechanism of
sulfate aerosol formation for relative humidities greater
than 75%, while gas phase reactions are predominant
at lower humidities.
Keywords: "Aerosols, "Humidity, "Vapor phases,
"Liquid phases, "Air pollution, Sulfates, Electric power
plants, Urban areas, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides,
Combustion products, Chemical reactions, Plumes,
Reaction kinetics, Ohio, Industrial wastes, Reprints,
Columbus(Ohio).
PB84-226562	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Effects of Experimental Acidification in Macroin-
vertebrate Drift Diversity In a Mountain Stream.
Journal article,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
R.J. Hall, J. M. Pratt, andG. E. Likens. c1982,17p
EPA-600/J-82-434
Grant EPA-R-807555
Pub. in Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 18, p273-287
1982.
A small stream (Norris Brook) within the Hubbard
Brook Experimental Forest was acidified to determine
what effect elevated H + stress may have on the ecol-
ogy of a mountain stream. The experiment was de-
signed to simulate a pH level (4.0) that can occur
during initial snowmelt (acute period) and during longer
term (chronic period) acidification. Daily macrolnverte-
brate drift samples were collected from treatment and
reference areas of Norris Brook. Drift diversity at the
generic level was calculated using Brillouin's formula
and partitioned hierarchically following macroinverte-
brate classifications based on taxonomy (orders) and
feeding strategies (functional groups or guilds). The
rate of movement of individuals and genera was signifi-
cantly greater for those organisms leaving the acid-
stressed area during the first five days than for those
entering, whereas no difference between the rate of
macroinvertebrates entering or leaving the acid-
stressed area was apparent for either numbers or
genera over the remaining 25-day period. (Copyright
(c) 1982 by D.Reidel Publishing Co.)
Keywords: "Acidification, "Invertebrates, "Ecology,
"Stream pollution, Insects, Drift, pH, Snowmelt, Diurnal
variations, Mountains, Stress(Physiology), Minnesota,
Reprints, "Mayflies, Species diversity, Brilloins formu-
la.
PB84-226570	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Sampling Larval Fish in the Littoral Zone of West-
ern Lake Erie. Journal article,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of Fisheries
and Wildlife.
R. A. Cole, and J. R. MacMillan. C1984,15p EPA-600/
J-84-057
Grant EPA-R-804517
Pub. in Jnl. Great Lakes Research, v10 n1 p15-27
1984.
Sampling techniques for larval fish were evaluated in
the littoral zone (1- to 6-m deep) of western Lake Erie
in 1975 and 1976. Catch rates were compared using
slow-speed, 1-m-diameter plankton nets in daytime
and nighttime oblique and stratified tows above bottom
and in daytime epibenthic tows with an aluminum sled.
Sampling efficiency also was compared using nets ol
363-, 571 -, 760-, and 1,000- micrometers mesh towed
from 1 to 5 min. The most abundant larvae captured
were clupeids (Alosa pseudoharengus and Dorosoma
cepedianum), yellow perch (Perca flavescens), rain-
bow smelt (Osmerus mordax), and white bass (Morone
chrysops). Larvae did not consistently occur in one
stratum over another in water above bottom, but con-
centrated near bottom during the day. Oblique, night-
time tows above bottom caught at least 20 times the
larvae caught in daylight tows above bottom. Post-
yolk-sac larvae were most efficiently captured in night-
time oblique or stratified tows, while yolk-sac larvae
were more efficiently captured by epibenthic, daytime
tows. (Copyright (c) Internal. Assoc. Great Lakes Res.,
1984.)
Keywords: "Larvae, "Fresh water fishes, "Lake Erie,
Sampling, Nets, Abundance, Perch, Bass, Efficiency,
Towed bodies, Depth, Fishing, Littoral zones,
Tables(Data), Reprints, Alosa pseudoharengus. Ale-
wife, Osmerus mordax, Rainbow smelt, Perca flaves-
cens.
PB84-226588	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Analysis of Relationships between Symptoms and
Environmental Factors Over Time. Journal article,
Arizona Univ., Tucson.
G. Robertson, and M. D. Lebowitz. c1984,16p EPA-
600/J-84-058
Grant EPA-R-805318
Pub. in Environmental Research 33. p130-1431984.
Weekly respiratory symptom information was obtained
on a random population of 3800 whites in Tucson. The
authors asked weekly about 14 symptoms represent-
ing acute respiratory illnesses (ARI), rhinitis (Rh), and
other conditions. The denominator for each week was
about 80 randomly chosen subjects from the study
population. Interactions of the air pollutants total sus-
pended particulate, oxidants, carbon monoxide, nitro-
gen oxides for the basin, meteorological information,
and aero-allergens were examined. The temporal and
spatial interactions between the weekly symptoms and
the environmental factors were tested utilizing multi-
variate methods such as Fourier analyses, multiple re-
gression, and the stimulus-response method, adjusting
for lags and controlling for season. Multiple regres-
sions with a smoothing function (using fourier or other
methods) yield significant correlations between symp-
toms and the environmental factors, and separate the
ARI's from the Rh's and the miscellaneous symptoms.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Respiratory diseases, Signs
and symptoms, Reprints, "Environmental factors, Air
pollution effects(Humans).
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB84-226596	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Passive Smoking, Gas Cooking, and Respiratory
Health of Children Living in Six Cities. Journal arti-
cle,
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
J. H. Ware, D. W. Dockery, A. Spiro, III, F. E. Speizer,
and B. G. Ferris, Jr. C1983,11p EPA-600/J-84-059
Contract EPA-68-02-3201, EPA-68-02-3644
Pub. in American Review of Respiratory Disease 129,
p366-374 1984.
As part of a longitudinal study of the respiratory health
effects of indoor and outdoor air pollutants, pulmonary
function, respiratory illness history, and symptom his-
tory were recorded at 2 successive annual examina-
tions of 10,106 white children living in 6 cities in the
United States. Parental education, illness history, and
smoking habits also were recorded, along with the fuel
used for cooking in the child's home. Maternal ciga-
rette smoking was associated with increases of 20 to
35% in the rates of 8 respiratory illnesses and symp-
toms investigated, and paternal smoking was associat-
ed with smaller but still substantial increases. Illness
and symptom rates were linearly related to the number
of cigarettes smoked by the child's mother. Illness
rates were higher for children of current smokers than
for children of ex-smokers. The associations between
maternal smoking status and childhood respiratory ill-
nesses and symptoms were reduced but not eliminat-
ed by adjustment for parental illness history.
Keywords: "Respiratory diseases, 'Children, Smoking,
Gases, Urban areas, Reprints, "Air pollution
effects(Humans), Health surveys.
PB84-226638/HSU	PC A23/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Proceedings: Symposium on Flue Gas Desulfurl-
zation (8th) Held at New Orleans, Louisiana, No-
vember 1983. Volume 1. Rept. for Apr 83-May 84,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
F. A. Ayer. Jul 84, 529p* EPA-600/9-84-017A
Contract EPA-68-02-3170
See also Volume 2, PB84-226646, and PB84-110576.
The proceedings document the eighth in a series of
symposiums (the second cosponsored by EPA and the
Electric Power Research Institute) on flue gas desul-
furization (FGD). It provided a forum for the exchange
of technical developments and regulatory information
on FGD systems and processes applicable to utility
and industrial boilers. The keynote address described
the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program.
Other opening-session presentations were on the
status of air quality legislation/regulations, the status
of solid waste regulations, and trends in commercial
application of FGD technology. Subsequent sessions
dealt with FGD economics, materials of construction,
dry furnace absorbent injection, dual alkali FGD, flue
gas treatment (combined SOx/NOx removal), FGD
chemistry, the architect-engineer's role in FGD appli-
cations (panel discussion), limestone/organic acid,
waste disposal/utilization, and dry FGD systems. Par-
ticipants represented electric utilities, equipment and
process suppliers, state environmental agencies, coal
and petroleum suppliers, EPA and other federal agen-
cies, and research organizations.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Meetings, 'Boilers,
Electric power plants, Industrial plants, Combustion
products, Industrial wastes, Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen
oxides, Solid waste disposal, Flue gases, Regulations,
Standards, State government, National government,
Louisville, 'Air quality, 'Acid rain, 'Air pollution abate-
ment, Flue gas desulfurization, New
Orleans(Louisville).
PB84-226646/HSU	PC A22/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Triangle Park,
NC.
Proceedings: Symposium on Flue Gas Desulfuri-
zation (8th) Held at New Orleans, Louisiana, No-
vember 1983. Volume 2. Rept. for Apr 83-May 84,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
F. A. Ayer. Jul 84, 524p* EPA-600/9-84-017B
Contract EPA-68-02-3170
See also Volume 1, PB84-226638.
The proceedings document the eighth in a series of
symposiums (the second cosponsored by EPA and the
Electric Power Research Institute) on flue gas desul-
furization (FGD). It provided a forum for the exchange
of technical developments and regulatory information
on FGD systems and processes applicable to utility
and industrial boilers. The keynote address described
the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program.
Other opening-session presentations were on the
status of air quality legislation/regulations, the status
of solid waste regulations, and trends in commercial
application of FGD technology. Subsequent sessions
dealt with FGD economics, materials of construction,
dry furnace absorbent injection, dual alkali FGD, flue
gas treatment (combined SOx/NOx removal), FGD
chemistry, the architect-engineer's role in FGD appli-
cations (panel discussion), limestone/organic acid,
waste disposal/utilization, and dry FGD systems. Par-
ticipants represented electric utilities, equipment and
process suppliers, state environmental agencies, coal
and petroleum suppliers, EPA and other federal agen-
cies, and research organizations.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Meetings, 'Boilers,
Electric power plants, Industrial plants, Combustion
products, Industrial wastes, Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen
oxides, Solid waste disposal, Flue gases, Regulations,
Standards, State government, National government,
Louisville, 'Air quality, 'Acid rain, 'Air pollution abate-
ment, Flue gas desulfurization, New
Orleans(Louisville).
PB84-226653/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Size Specific Total Particulate Emission Factors
for Mobile Sources. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technical Support Staff.
R. I. Bruetsch. Jun 84,73p EPA-AA-TSS-PA-84-4
The purpose of this report is to provide a methodology
with which to project areawide total particulate emis-
sions from mobile sources in a given calendar year.
Particulate emissions can consist of lead salts, organ-
ics and sulfate emissions. The relative amounts vary
for different vehicle types, emission control strategies
and vehicle operating modes. Analysis of lead particu-
late indicates that most of the exhausted lead appears
as PbCIBr. Therefore estimates of the mass lead par-
ticulate will be considerably larger than those predict-
ed by the lead document. Organic emissions include
both soluble organics and elemental carbon and are
important contributors to total particulate emissions
from all vehicles especially diesels. Sulfate emissions,
mostly from unleaded gasoline-fueled vehicles
equipped with catalysts, are also important contribu-
tors to total vehicular particulate emissions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Particles, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, 'Lead inorganic compounds, 'Lead(Metal),
Sources, Sulfates, Particle size distribution, Organic
compounds, Motor vehicles, 'Emission factors, 'Air
quality, Diesel engine exhaust, Catalytic
converters(Exhaust systems), Misfueling.
PB84-22674S/HSU	PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
BACT/LAER (Best Available Control Technology/
Lowest Achievable Emission Rate) Clearing-
house: A Compilation of Control Technology De-
terminations.
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
May 84,1543p-in 3v
Set includes PB84-226752 througgh PB84-226778.
No abstract available.
PB84-2267S2/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
BACT/LAER (Best Available Control Technology/
Lowest Achievable Emission Rate) Clearing-
house: A Compilation of Control Technology De-
terminations. Volume 1. Summary Tables and Ap-
pendices A-F. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
D. Dunbar, and G. Rust. May 84,335p EPA-450/3-84-
013A
Contract EPA-68-02-3512
See also PB84-226760, and PB83-248427.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB84-
226745.
This volume explains the history of the BACT/LAER
Clearinghouse, the background of the report format
development, and acknowledges the continued sup-
port and effort of STAPPA and ALAPCO members.
This volume also contains four summary tables con-
sisting of: a list of new control technology determina-
tions received since May 1983, a list of alTcontrol tech-
nology determinations that have been submitted, a list
of control technology determinations by type of
source-a summary of emission limitations, and a list of
control technology determinations for external com-
bustion sources (boilers). A detailed listing of source
type codes and abbreviations for process and emis-
sion limits are also shown.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, State government, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Scrubbers, Air
pollution control equipment, Electrostatic precipitators,
Tables(Data), Sources, Heating equipment, Licenses,
'Best technology, Baghouses.
PB84-226760/HSU	PC A25/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
BACT/LAER (Best Available Control Technology/
Lowest Achievable Emission Rate) Clearing-
house: A Compilation of Control Technology De-
terminations. Volume 2A. Appendix G. Source
Type Codes 1.0-5.0. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
D. Dunbar, and G. Rust. May 84,585p EPA-450/3-84-
013B
Contract EPA-68-02-3512
See also PB84-226752, PB84-226778, and PB83-
248435.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB84-
226745.
This volume contains the detailed source listings for
the determinations submitted in source type code 1.0
through source type code 5.0. The detailed source list-
ing normally contains the following information: source
type and size; company name and location; whether
determination was BACT or LAER for new or modified
source; the person, agency and phone number that
made the determination; permit issue date; estimated
date of start-up; processes subject to this permit;
through-put capacity; pollutant(s) emitted; emission
limits; control equipment or process modification; a
section for notes; and review status dates.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, State government, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Scrubbers, Air
pollution control equipment, Electrostatic precipitators,
Tables(Data), Sources, Heating equipment, Licenses,
'Best technology, Baghouses.
PB84-226778/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
BACT/LAER (Best Available Control Technology/
Lowest Achievable Emission Rate) Clearing-
house: A Compilation of Control Technology De-
terminations. Volume 2B. Appendix G. Source
Type Codes 6.0-12.0. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
D. Dunbar, and G. Rust. May 84,626p EPA-450/3-84-
013C
Contract EPA-68-02-3512
See also PB84-226760.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB84-
226745.
This volume contains the detailed source listings for
the determinations submitted in source type code 6.0
through source type code 12.0. The detailed source
listing normally contains the following information:
source type and size; company name and location;
whether determination was BACT or LAER for new or
modified source; the person, agency and phone
number that made the determination; permit issue
date; estimated date of start-up; processes subject to
this permit; through-put capacity; pollutant(s) emitted;
emission limits; control equipment or process modifi-
cation; a section for notes; and review status dates.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, State government, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Scrubbers, Air
pollution control equipment, Electrostatic precipitators
Tables(Data), Sources, Heating equipment, Licenses]
'Best technology, Baghouses.
PB84-22688S/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Evaluation of Long-Term NOx Reduction on Pul-
verlzed-Coal-Fired Steam Generators. Final rept.
Mar 83-May 84,
KVB, Inc., Irvine, CA.
S. S. Cherry. Jul 84,137p KVB72-803429-1932, EPA-
600/7-84-079
Contract EPA-68-02-3175
The report gives results of analyzing long-term nitro-
gen oxide (NOx) emission data from eight pulverized-
coal-fired steam generators, for the purpose of quanti-
fying the effectiveness of various combustion modifi-
cations. All boilers, but one, were modified to reduce
NOx emissions. The modifications included changing
both hardware and operating procedures. All boilers
were subject to the NOx provisions of the 1971 New
Source Performance Standards (NSPS). In several in-
stances, when long-term emission data for the period
before the modification were not available, the quantifi-
cation of the NOx reduction was based on the result of
the performance test required by the 1971 NSPS. NOx
reductions of from 5.1 to 60% were determined with-
out incurring significant adverse impacts on unit oper-
ation. NOx emission levels, determined from the per-
formance tests, were from 146 to 473 ng/J (0.34 to
1.10 lb/million Btu) before control implementation, and
from 148 to 281 ng/J (0.34 to 0.65 lb/million Btu) after
combustion modifications were applied.
Keywords: "Nitrogen oxides, * Air pollution, "Boilers,
Standards, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Sampling, Electric power plants, Design criteria, Per-
formance evaluation, "Coal fired power plants, * Air
pollution abatement, 'Combustion modifications, New
Source Performance Standards.
PB84-226893/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Review of Laboratory Systems Developed for
Studying Gas-Phase Thermal Decomposition. Re-
search rept.,
Dayton Univ., OH. Research Inst.
W. A. Rubey, and R. A. Carnes. Jul 84, 27p EPA-600/
D-84-174
Grant EPA-R807815
The development of laboratory instrumentation sys-
tems for investigating the gas-phase thermal decom-
position behavior of organic materials has evolved
over the past ten years. In these systems, high-tem-
perature tubular reactors are used for the controlled
thermal exposure of different gas-phase substances.
Gas chromatography has been the major analytical
technique for determining the extent of thermal de-
composition and the formation of various products of
incomplete combustion. The evolutionary develop-
ment of laboratory instrumentation covering seven
thermal systems is summarized. Examples are pre-
sented of the application of laboratory studies to the
controlled high-temperature incineration of industrial
organic wastes.
Keywords: "Laboratory equipment, "Organic com-
pounds, "Pyrolysis, "Solid waste disposal, "Air pollu-
tion, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Inciner-
ators, High temperature tests, Gas chromatography,
Pesticides, Chlorine organic compounds, Kepone.
PB84-226901 /HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effect* of Structurally Diverse Chemicals on Met-
abolic Cooperation In Vitro,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
A. R. Malcolm, and L. J. Mills. Jul 84,33p EPA-600/D-
84-201, ERLN-617
Prepared in cooperation with Rhode Island Univ.,
Kingston. Dept. of Food Science and Technology.
The discovery that phorbol ester tumor promoters in-
hibit metabolic cooperation between cultured cells in
proportion to their promoting activity in vivo suggests
that such inhibition may be a mechanism in tumor pro-
motion. Because metabolic cooperation appears to be
essential for normal cell differentiation and tissue de-
velopment, the concept that chemicals might be toxic
by blocking this process may, in theory, be extended to
reproductive system toxicants. The authors are testing
these hypotheses using an assay developed with V79
cells. Effects of chemicals on metabolic cooperation
are assessed by adding test chemical and selective
agent (6-thioguanine) simultaneously to co-cultivated
mutant (HGPRT(-)) and wild-type (HGPRT(+)) cells In
reconstructed mutant selection experiments. Effects
of test chemicals are measured as a function of mutant
cell recovery relative to that in a control. The studies
indicate that in addition to phorbol ester promoters
(PMA, PDBu), nonphorbol ester promoters (BHT, cyc-
lamate), cocarcinogenic or teratogenic solvents
(ETOH, DMSO), and potentially epigenetic carcino-
tens (DEPH, NTA) inhibit metabolic cooperation,
ome promoters (phenol) do not appear to block met-
abolic cooperation directly, but yield metabolites which
do.
Keywords: "In vitro analysis, "Metabolism, "Chemical
compounds, "Bioassay, "Toxicity, Neoplasms, Labo-
ratoiv animals, Environmental surveys, Cancer.
PB84-226919/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
International Study on Artemia. Nutritional Effects
in Toxicity Tests: Use of Different Artemia Geo-
graphical Strains,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Dept of Food Science
and Technology.
D. A. Bengtson, A. D. Beck, S. M. Lussier, D.
Migneault, and C. E. Olney. Jul 84,27p EPA-600/D-84-
180,, ERLN-603
Also pub. as Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Agricultural
Experiment Station Contrib-2171. Prepared in coop-
eration with Ghant Rijksuniversieit (Belgium). Present-
ed at the 'International Symposium on Ecotoxicologi-
cal Testing for the Marine Environment', Ghent, Bel-
gium on September 13-15,1983.
A series of experiments was conducted to determine
whether feeding marine organisms different geo-
graphical strains of Artemia prior to or during a toxicity
test could significantly alter the results of tne test. In
each experiment, the test organisms were produced
from laboratory brood stocks and divided into two
groups; one was fed Reference brine shrimp, the other
was fed San Pablo Bay brine shrimp. When the groups
were then used simultaneously in toxicity tests, signifi-
cant differences in the test results were obtained. The
LC50 values for the animals fed Reference Artemia,
were always higher than those for animals fed San
Pablo Bay Artemia, in certain cases by 2-4 times. Fur-
ther, some tests were invalidated because of high con-
trol mortality in the group fed the San Pablo Bay strain.
The findings indicate that the choice of brine shrimp
can affect the outcome of a toxicity test, sometimes to
the extent that the test is invalid.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Shrimps, Nutrition, Bioassay,
Shellfish, Crustacea, Artemia.
PB84-226927/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Philadelphia Roadway Study. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Data Management and Analysis Div.
R. M. Burton, and J. C. Suggs. Aug 84,43p EPA-600-4-
84-070
The Philadelphia Roadway Study was conducted to
determine the horizontal and vertical extinction profiles
of particles generated by vehicles, including fine (0-2.5
micrometers), coarse (2.5-15 micrometers), and total
(0-15 micrometers) size fractions in the area surround-
ing a major roadway. Particulate concentration profiles
were characterized to a horizontal distance of 175 m
downwind and to a height of 15 m above ground (at
five and 25 m downwind) with the primary objective of
estimating the influence of a nearby roadway on ambi-
ent particulate mass concentration levels. The dilution
gradients for concentrations of fine, coarse, and total
mass and fine lead particles at two m height are de-
scribed empirically as a function of downwind dis-
tances from the highway using logarithmic equations.
Wind speed had a substantial influence on the particu-
late mass concentration levels both upwind and down-
wind while the limited range of traffic densities, i.e.,
2119-3906 vehicles/hour during the experiment, did
not. Fine particulate mass at a height of 2 m at five m
downwind was elevated 18% above background,
coarse mass 45%, and fine lead 718%. Exponential
equations relating concentration to the reciprocal of
height and distance were fit to the data for both ground
level and vertical concentration. Concentration iso-
pleths were constructed to map suggested siting con-
straints.
Keywords: 'Roads, "Particle size, "Standards, "Air
pollution. Sites, Mass, Sampling, Particles,
Concentration(Composition),	Fines,
Wind(Meteorology), "Total suspended particulates,
"Air pollution sampling, Federal register,
Philadelphia(Pennsylvania).
PB84-226935/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of Hazardous Waste Incineration in
Cement Kilns at San Juan Cement Company. Final
rept. Aug 81-Mar 82,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
J. A. Peters, T. W. Hughes, J. R. McKendree, L. A. Cox,
and B. M. Hughes. Aug 84,235p EPA/600/2-84/129
Contract EPA-68-03-3025
Cement kiln incineration of chlorinated liquid organic
wastes was investigated in a 5-month demonstration
program at San Juan Cement Company in Puerto Rico.
Chlorinated monocarbon compounds (POHC's) were
monitored in the waste and emissions, and the fate of
added chlorine in cement production was determined.
Seven levels of percent chlorine in the waste were
burned at ten different waste feed rates. Extensive
sampling and analysis was conducted to look for the
potential presence of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins
(PCDD's) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans
(PCDF's). The destruction and removal efficiencies
(DRE) of the POHC's ranged from 91.043 percent to
99.997 percent, with only 6 percent of the DRE's
greater than 99.99 percent. Poor DRE results were at-
tributed to the absence of waste atomization and the
difficult incinerability of chlorinated monocarbon com-
pounds. It was found that about 82 percent of the input
chlorine appeared in the cement clinker. The amount
of chlorine appearing in the baghouse dust varied from
5 percent to 26 percent of total chlorine input. The total
absorption of the HCI formed averaged 99.7 percent in
seven tests. PCDD's and PCDF's were not produced
at detectable levels when the cement plant was oper-
ating normally.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Hazardous materi-
als, "Incinerators, "Kilns, "Cements, Performance
evaluation, Chlorine organic compounds, Design crite-
ria, Sites, Industrial wastes, Sampling, Gas analysis,
Substitutes, Chemical analysis, San Juan Cement
Company, "Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, "Polychlo-
rinated dibenzofurans, "Air pollution detection, "Waste
heat utilization, "Air pollution sampling, Baghouses.
PB84-226950/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Terrain Aerodynamics and Plume Dispersion. A
Perspective View Gained from Fluid Modeling
Studies,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
W. H. Snyder. 1984,41p EPA,-600/D-84-205
The results of recent wind-tunnel and towing-tank
studies are summarized. These studies were designed
to obtain basic physical understanding of flow patterns
and diffusion, to provide guidance in locating sources,
and to provide 'rules-of-thumb' for estimating surface
concentrations when a source is located in complex
terrain. In the neutral-flow, wind-tunnel studies, the ef-
fects of the terrain were evaluated through a terrain
amplification factor, A, which is defined as the ratio of
the maximum surface concentration that occurs in the
presence of the terrain to the maximum that occurs
from a similar source located in flat terrain. A's were
evaluated for a series of two- and three-dimensional
hills of varying slope placed in simulated atmospheric
boundary layers. Sources of various heights were
placed upstream, at the top, and downwind of the hills.
The largest A's were observed for downwind sources
with values as large as 15. Flow structure and plume
behavior in complex terrain are dramatically altered by
the addition of stable stratification. A dividing-stream-
line concept has been shown to be a useful indicator in
determining whether a plume will impact on a hill or
surmount the top. When a plume is emitted below the
dividing-streamline height and hence impinges on a
downwind hill, surface concentrations can be essen-
tially equal to those observed at the plume centerline
in tne absence of the hill. Favorable comparisons are
made between towing-tank simulations and field ob-
servations of plumes impinging on a three-dimensional
hill. Finally, limitations of the towing tank for simulating
strongly stratified flows over two-dimensional hills are
pointed out.
Keywords: "Plumes, "Aerodynamics, "Terrain, "Fluid
dynamics, "Mathematical models, "Air pollution, Wind
tunnels, Diffusion, Concentration(Composition), Com-
parisons, Field tests, Sources, "Atmospheric disper-
sion.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB84-226976/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Use of Short-Term Genotoxic Bloassays In the
Evaluation of Unregulated Automobile Emissions,
Litton Biorietics, Inc., Kensington, MD.
D. J. Brusick, R. R. Young, and D. R. Jagannath. Aug
84, 127p EPA-600/1-84/011
Contract EPA-68-02-3682
Exposure to fuels and fuel additives may occur through
direct exposure to uncombusted fuel or fuel additive as
well as to products of fuel/fuel-additive combustion.
Presence of combustion products in ambient air is the
major source of human exposure to motor vehicle
fuels. The levels of several products of fuel combus-
tion in ambient air (sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, fuel
hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide) are currently reg-
ulated under the Clean Air Act Amendments
(202(a)(4)) of 1977. These amendments also specify
that new vehicles shall not be certified if they generate
unregulated emissions which present a potential risk
to human health. The objectives of this document are
to review the data from selected short-term in vitro and
in vivo bioassays to (a) determine if there is evidence
suggesting potential human health risk either from un-
combusted emissions or from emissions of combusted
motor vehicle fuels or fuel additives, (b) identify the
operational variables involved in generating products
of concern for human health, (c) determine the proba-
ble nature of the health effects of concern, (d) esti-
mate the ability of short-term tests to establish human
risk estimates and (e) develop a short-term bioassay
program to monitor the health effects of fuel/fuel addi-
tives and unregulated combustion emissions.
Keywords: "Bioassay, "Exhaust emissions, "Toxicity,
"Public health, "Air pollution, Exposure, Fuels, Fuel
additives, Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen oxides, Hydrocar-
bons, Carbon monoxide, Risk, In vitro analysis, In vivo
analysis, "Automobile exhaust, "Air pollution
effects(Humans), Clean Air Amendments of 1977.
PB84-226984/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Analysis of Persistence In Model Ecosystems: De-
terministic and Stochastic Food Web Models.
Final rept. May 81-May 84,
Georgia Univ., Athens. Dept. of Mathematics.
T. C. Gard. Aug 84,15p EPA-600/3-84-081
Contract EPA-R80-7830
Mathematical models aid in understanding environ-
mental systems and in developing testable hypoth-
eses relevant to the fate and ecological effects of toxic
substances in such systems. Within the framework of
microcosm or laboratory ecosystem modeling, some
differential equation models, in particular, become
tractable to mathematical analysis when the focus is
on the problem of persistence. In this report a micro-
cosm-related, nutrient-producer-grazer, chemostat-
chain model and general food web models are ana-
lyzed for persistence. The results, which take the form
of inequalities involving model parameters, specify suf-
ficient conditions for continued presence of the model
components throughout indefinite time intervals.
These results can serve as a basis for preliminary eval-
uations of model performance.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Food chains, "Ecology, Mathe-
matical models, Differential equations, Growth, Sto-
chastic processes, Nutrients, Production, "Micro-
cosms, Ecosystems, Predators.
PB84-226992/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Selected Approaches to Risk Assessment for
Multiple Chemical Exposures: Progress Report on
Guideline Development at EC AO (Environmental
Criteria and Assessment Office)-Cincinnati,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
J. F. Stara, and L. S. Erdreich. Jun 84,117p EPA/600/
9-84/014A
See also PB84-227008.
This report summarizes the second of a series of work-
shop meetings on methods for assessing human
health risks from exposure to chemical mixtures spon-
sored by the Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office (ECAO) of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, July 12-13, 1983. The first workshop 'Ap-
proaches to Risk Assessment for Multiple Chemical
Exposures' held in September, 1982 provided a basis
for selecting methods to develop into risk assessment
196 Vol. 90, No. 24
guidelines. Five issues were reviewed at this meeting:
(1) inter-species conversion of dose and duration of
exposure, (2) assessment of risk for less than lifetime
exposure to carcinogens and to other toxicants, (3) ad-
ditivity model for chemical mixtures, (4) methods for
determination of acceptable daily intakes from quantal
of continuous data, and (5) pharmacokinetic basis of
route-to-route conversions. Working groups also pro-
duced recommendations for approaches to four addi-
tional problems: consideration of high risk subgroups,
assessment of multiple routes of exposure, ranking the
severity of effects and the use of exposure and moni-
toring data in health risk assessment. A symposium on
this methodology is planned for the fall of 1984.
Keywords: "Chemical compounds, "Public health,
"Guidelines, "Meetings, "Environmental surveys,
Dosage, Exposure, Risk, Assessments, Mathematical
models, "Toxic substances, Pharmacokinetics.
PB84-227008/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Selected Approaches to Risk Assessment for
Multiple Chemical Exposures: Appendix,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
J. F. Stara, and L. S. Erdreich. Jun 84,162p EPA/600/
9-84/014B
See also PB84-226992.
This appendix to 'Selected Approaches to Risk As-
sessment for Multiple Chemical Mixtures: Progress
Report on Guideline Development at ECAO-Cin' con-
tains post-meeting comments on the issues sent by
the peer reviewers of the workshop, plus selected ref-
erences pertaining to the guidelines. All pertinent com-
ments have been addressed in the primary report.
Keywords: "Chemical compounds, "Public health,
"Guidelines, "Meetings, "Environmental surveys,
Dosage, Exposure, Risk, Assessments, Mathematical
models, "Toxic substances, Pharmacokinetics.
PB84-228873/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Final Environmental Impact Statement for North
Jefferson County, Kentucky Wastewater Facili-
ties.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Jun 84,139p EPA-904-6-84-119
This Final EIS addresses proposed wastewater facili-
ties for northern Jefferson County, Kentucky. The Final
EIS preferred alternative proposes a limited regional
wastewater management system that will relieve exist-
ing septic tanks and package plants in most of the
study area. At the option of local authorities, this
system could be expanded to serve future growth, but
such expansion would not be eligible for federal fund-
ing under current laws.
Keywords: "Environmental impact statements-final,
"Sewage treatment, Substitutes, Forecasting, Regula-
tions, Kentucky, National government, Cost analysis,
Feasibility, Tables(Data), North Jefferson
County(Kentucky).
PB84-229137/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Overview of l/M (Inspection and Maintenance)
Activities and Issues. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
spection and Maintenance Group.
J. Cabaniss. Feb 84,16p EPA/AA/IMG-84/1
This paper summarizes the national implementation
status of Inspection and Maintenance (l/M) programs,
describes the current issues in operating programs,
and briefly explains the current EPA l/M projects and
other l/M aspects receiving special attention. In sum-
mary, there are currently twenty-one operating l/M
programs with another seven scheduled to be imple-
mented by August 1984. EPA is continuing to provide
technical support to State and local agencies which
are implementing and operating l/M programs. EPA's
major role on l/M at this time is to assist the States in
optimizing the quality of their l/M programs.
Keywords: "Inspection, "Maintenance, "Motor vehi-
cles, Air pollution, State government, "Air quality, "Air
pollution abatement.
PB84-229319/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Utility Manager's Guide to Financial Planning.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Municipal Construction Div.
May 84, 78p
This manual is written using non-technical terms to
assist the utility manager or public official facing these
problems in a comprehensive manner for the first time.
It is not intended to be a textbook on financial manage-
ment but rather to make the reader generally familiar
with the topics. Since it is only a starting point, the
guide also provides several references that can be
consulted for more detailed information.
Keywords: "Financial management, "Public utilities.
Utilities, Budgeting, Financing, Revenue, Accounting,
Information systems.
PB84-229467/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Calms Processor (CALMPRO) User's Guide. Final
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Boston, MA.
Region I.
M. Y. Perkins, and S. S. Perkins. Jun 84,45p EPA/
901/9-84/001, EPA/DF-84/053A
For system on magnetic tape, see PB84-229475.
The calms processor (CALMPRO) is a computer pro-
gram that eliminates the influence of calms on pollut-
ant concentrations calculated by air quality dispersion
models. The procedure disregards concentrations for
hours when the winds are calm. The hour is treated as
missing and a convention for handling missing hours is
employed. CALMPRO produces statistics on the oc-
currence of calms in the meteorological data set and
recalculates average concentrations for 1-hour, 3-
hour, 8-hour, 24-hour, and annual time intervals. Tech-
nical details on the processor are presented with com-
plete descriptions of data requirements and output. An
example application of CALMPRO and the source pro-
gram listing are included as appendices.
Keywords: "Air pollution, Meteorology,
Concentration(Composition), Winds(Meteorology),
"CALMPRO computer program, "Air quality, "User
manuals(Computer programs).
PB84-229475/HSU	CP T0S
Calms Processor (CALMPRO). Software,
Environmental Protection Agency, Boston, MA.
Region I.
M. Perkins, and S. Perkins. 1 Jun 84, mag tape EPA/
DF-84/053
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. Tapes can
be prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording
modes for one-half inch tape. Identify recording mode
desired by specifying character set, track, density, and
parity. Call NTIS Computer Products if you have ques-
tions. Price includes documentation, PB84-229467.
The Calms Processor (CALMPRO) is a computer pro-
gram that eliminates the influence of calms on pollut-
ant concentrations calculated by air quality dispersion
models. The procedure disregards concentrations for
hours when the winds are calm. The hour is treated as
missing and a convention for handling missing hours is
employed. CALMPRO produces statistics on the oc-
currence of calms in the meteorological data set and
recalculates average concentrations for 1-hour, 3-
hour, 8-hour, 24-hour, and annual time intervals. Tech-
nical details on CALMPRO are presented in 'Calm
Processor (CALMPRO) User's Guide' (PB84-229467).
The user's guide contains complete descriptions of
data requirements and output, an example application,
and the source program listing. A file of meteorological
data needed to run the test case is also included on
the tape...Software Description: The program is written
in the FORTRAN programming language for imple-
mentation on a PDP11 /70 computer using the IAS 3.1
operating system. Computer memory requirement is
120K.
Keywords: 'Software, "Air pollution, Meteorology,
Magnetic tapes, Fortran, Concentration(Composition),
Winds(Meteorology), "Air quality.
PB84-229590/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, Oakland County
Michigan. Effective Stormwater Management Pro-
grams: Case Studies of Local Government Experi-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Effective Stormwater Management Programs:
Case Studies of Local Government Experiences in
Southeast Michigan. Final rept..
Southeast Michigan Council of Governments, Detroit.
L. F. Dean. Mar 81, 96p
Grant EPA-P-005423-01-0
Stormwater management planning, regulatory, and
maintenance programs in five local jurisdictions in
Southeast Michigan are described and compared with
each other. A description of effective local stormwater
management programs directed toward stormwater
quality and quantity control provides a basis for the as-
sessment. Case study reports are presented to assist
local governments with program development efforts.
Keywords: 'Runoff, "Urban areas, "Water pollution,
Stream flow, Rainfall, Snowmelt, Sediment transport,
Land use, Local government, Suspended sediments,
Soil erosion, Regulations, Flood plains, Erosion con-
trol, Ordinances, Storm sewers, "Storm water runoff,
Urban hydrology, Case studies.
PB84-229632/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Sediment Control Plan for the Blackstone River,
Massachusetts Dept. of Environmental Quality Engi-
neering, Boston.
J. M. McGinn. Jul 81,246p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
The objectives of this project are to determine the
levels of heavy metals in sediment at several repre-
sentative or critical locations in the Blackstone River
Basin; determine the volume of sediment contaminat-
ed; assess the impacts of the sediment on the ecology
of the river; describe the alternative methods of treat-
ment and/or removal of sediments; assess the im-
pacts of the control alternatives; and prescribe a pro-
gram to control or eliminate pollution from in-place
sediment deposits.
Keywords: "Sediments, 'Water pollution control,
"Blackstone River, Sites, Depth, Particle size. Moisture
content, Volume, Metals, Chemical analysis, Spraying,
Binders(Materials), Bituminous concrete, Sealers, Bi-
tuminous coatings, Membranes, Bentonite, Massachu-
setts, 'Heavy metals.
PBB4-229640/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of Natural- and Forced-Draft Staging
Air Systems for Nitric Oxide Reduction In Refin-
ery Process Heaters. Volume 1. Technical Report
Final rept. Oct 82-Feb 84,
KVB, Inc., Irvine, CA.
R. C. Benson. Aug 84, 234p KVB72-806032-1926,
EPA-600/7-84-080A
Contract EPA-68-02-3690
See also PB84-229657.
The two-volume report gives results of pilot-scale tests
to evaluate combustion modifications for emission re-
duction and efficiency enhancement on petroleum
process heaters. Objectives were to determine nitric
oxide (NO) emission reductions, thermal efficiency
changes, long-term performance, and cost of both nat-
ural- and forced-draft staged-combustion-air modifica-
tions. Forced-draft staged-combustion-air modifica-
tions had been shown to be the most promising com-
bustion modification in previous pilot-scale tests. The
test unit was a vertical, cylindrical, natural-draft crude
heater, and the test fuels were natural gas, refinery
gas, and a combination of No. 6 oil and refinery gas.
Keywords: 'Heating equipment, 'Air pollution control,
'Nitrogen oxide(NO), 'Refineries, Performance eval-
uation, Revisions, Design criteria, Pilot plants, Industri-
al wastes, Combustion products, Cost analysis, Petro-
leum industry, 'Combustion modifications, "Air pollu-
tion abatement.
PB84-229657/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park.
Evaluation of Natural- and Forced-Draft Staging
Air Systems for Nitric Oxide Reduction In Refin-
ery Process Heaters. Volume 2. Data Supplement.
Final rept. Oct 82-Feb 84,
KVB, inc., Irvine, CA.
R. C. Benson, R. A. Frohoff, and J. A. Markee. Aug 84,
194p KVB72-806032-1926, EPA-600/7-84-080B
Contract EPA-68-02-3690
See also PB84-229640.
The two-volume report gives results of pilot-scale tests
to evaluate combustion modifications for emission re-
duction and efficiency enhancement on petroleum
process heaters. Objectives were to determine nitric
oxide (NO) emission reductions, thermal efficiency
changes, long-term performance, and cost of both nat-
ural- and forced-draft staged-combustion-air modifica-
tions. Forced-draft-staged-combustion-air modifica-
tions had been shown to be the most promising com-
bustion modification in previous pilot-scale tests. The
test unit was a vertical, cylindrical, natural-draft crude
heater, and the test fuels were natural gas, refinery
gas, and a combination of No. 6 oil and refinery gas.
Keywords: 'Heating equipment, "Air pollution control,
"Nitrogen oxide(NO), "Refineries, Performance eval-
uation, Revisions, Design criteria, Pilot plants, Industri-
al wastes, Combustion products, Cost analysis,
Tables(Data), Petroleum industry, "Combustion modi-
fications, "Air pollution abatement.
PB84-229665/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Hydraulic Characteristics of Activated Sludge
Secondary Clarlfiers. Final rept.,
Crosby, Young and Associates, Piano, TX.
R. M. Crosby. Aug 84,292p EPA/600/2-84/131
Contract EPA-68-03-2782
This study documented the hydraulic characteristics of
typical activated sludge clarlfiers. Modifications to the
clarifier structures were made in an attempt to improve
clarifier hydraulic characteristics and performance. In-
novative fluorometric dye tracer studies were used to
observe the hydraulic flow patterns within several dif-
ferent types of clarifiers. Factors that are internal and
external to the clarifier were found to affect the hydrau-
lic characteristics and performance of the clarifiers in-
vestigated.
Keywords: "Clarifiers, "Sewage treatment, "Activated
sludge processes, "Hydraulics, Performance evalua-
tion, Revisions, Design criteria, Fluid flow, Sampling,
Sites, "Water pollution sampling, Tracer studies, Fluor-
ometric analysis.
PB84-229673/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Development of a Portable Monitor for Detection
of Toxic Organic Compounds. Final rept. Oct 82-
Oct 83,
California Univ., Berkeley. Lawrence Berkeley Lab.
T. Hadeishi, R. McLaughlin, J. Millaud, and M. Pollard.
Aug 84,68p EPA-600/4-84-073
A dual beam prototype instrument was designed, con-
structed, tested, and delivered to the Environmental
Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Research Triangle
Park, North Carolina, in December 1983. It was de-
signed for monitoring benzene with the Hg 253.7 nm
line using the TALMS (tunable atomic line molecular
spectrometer) technique. The instrument consisted of
three units: the optical unit (weight: 52 lbs), the elec-
tronics unit (weight: 16 lbs), and a power supply
(weight: 14 lbs). Tests of the performance of the ben-
zene monitor showed linear response from the detec-
tion limit of approximately 40 to 3000 ppm-v. The mag-
netically contained lamps used with the TALMS tech-
nique were improved so that they are more stable, in-
tense and have longer service lives. Searches for loca-
tions of potential TALMS signals in o-, m-, p-xylenes,
bromobenzene, benzene and aniline were carried out.
TALMS signals were found for p-xyiene with Si, Co,
and Sb lines at 252.9 nm. No signals were found at this
wavelength for o- or m-xylenes. TALMS signals were
also found for bromobenzene at 270.2 nm (Pt) and
266.5 nm (Fe) and aniline at 293.8 nm (Bi). It is recom-
mended that further searches be carried out to extend
the potential of the TALMS technique to other organic
compounds and to decrease its detection limit for ben-
zene. The use of a new related technique. Atomic Line
Molecular Spectroscopy (ALMS), is also recommend-
ed.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, 'Portable equip-
ment, "Monitors, "Gas detectors, Design criteria, Per-
formance evaluation, Xylenes, Benzenes, Aniline, Air
pollution, "Toxic substances, "Tunable atomic line mo-
lecular spectroscopy, "Air pollution detection, Ben-
zene, Benzene/bromo.
PB84-229681/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Task Force on Environmental Cancer and Heart and
Lung Disease, Washington, DC.
Environmental Health-Related Information: A Bib-
liographic Guide to Federal Sources for the
Health Professional. Annotated bibliography 1976-
84.
Technical Resources, Inc., Bethesda, MD.
1984,325p*
Contract EPA-68-02-3775
The annotated bibliography cites Federally-funded
material on occupational and environmental health
issues. Publications and audiovisual material relevant
to the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, or limitation of
environmentally related disease are included. Some
materials listed provide basic information necessary to
the understanding of any potential relationship be-
tween health and occupational and environmental fac-
tors. Materials included are primarily directed toward
assisting health professionals to identify and select ap-
propriate materials for updating and expanding their
own knowledge and to aiding in the education of their
students and patients. It will also help Federal program
planners who make decisions relative to future educa-
tional resource needs. The bibliography contains 37
subject categories. Information is included on how to
obtain cited documents and audiovisual materials.
Keywords: "Bibliographies, "Diseases, Prevention,
National government, Abstracts, Diagnosis, Therapy,
Air pollution, Asbestos, "Environmental health, 'Occu-
pational safety and health, Health education, Cancer,
Toxic substances.
PB84-229707/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Seattle Distribution System Corrosion Control
Study. Volume 6. Use of a Rotating Disc Electrode
to Assess Copper Corrosion,
Washington Univ., Seattle. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
R. D. Hiiburn. Aug 84,205p EPA-600/2-84-130
Grant EPA-R-806686
See also PB84-169747.
The uniform corrosion of copper tubing used for trans-
port of Tolt River water is characterized in this study as
a heterogeneous rate process composed of metai oxi-
dation and oxide film growth, interfacial chemical reac-
tions, and mass transport in the liquid phase. Quantita-
tive rate expressions were developed to characterize
each of these rate processes. Experiments designed
to measure the temperature and pH dependence of
corrosion under rate control by each process were
conducted using steady-state electrochemical tech-
niques. The persistent and unexpected influence of
solution transport of a reaction produce, presumed to
be OH-, complicated characterization and identifica-
tion of underlying rate process. Surface pH could be
characterized empirically as a function of solution tem-
perature, pH, and diffusion layer thickness. Steady-
state electrochemical techniques gave rapid, reliable,
and reproducible corrosion rate measurements and
provided the versatility necessary to characterize
quantitatively a heterogeneous rate process like aque-
ous copper corrosion.
Keywords: "Metal protection, 'Corrosion prevention,
"Distribution systems, "Water distribution, 'Water
pipelines, "Electrodes, Metal pipe, Metal tubing, Oxi-
dation, Chemical reactions, Liquid phases, Water pol-
lution, pH, Reaction kinetics, Potable water, Copper,
Mathematical models, "Rotating disc electrodes, Het-
erogeneous reactions.
PB84-229715/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Application of an Analysis Protocol to Identify Or-
ganic Compounds Not Identified By Spectrum
Matching. Part 1: Text Final rept. Dec 82-Feb 84,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. T. Bursev. Aug 84,288p EPA-600/4-84-072A
Contract EPA-68-03-2867
See also PB84-229723.
Industrial wastewater survey samples were analyzed
for organic compounds not identified by spectrum
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
matching. Analysis of the samples proceeded from an
initial packed column GC/MS analysis for Priority Pol-
lutants, through computerized spectrum matching for
other compounds, to the present capillary column GC/
MS analysis of a chosen set of sample extracts. Atten-
tion was focused on the spectra seen to occur fre-
quently. yet not tentatively identified by spectrum
matching. A plan for systematic study of these sample
components was devised that included, in step-wise
fashion, the use of high resolution gas chromatogra-
phy, high resolution mass spectrometry, chemical ioni-
zation mass spectrometry with positive and negative
ion detection, and Fourier transform infrared spectros-
copy. Sample cleanup was used at all levels to miti-
gate interference. For 55 extracts in which compo-
nents of interest were observed, accurate mass meas-
urement was successfully used to generate chemical
formulas in 35 cases. Of these, the results of 16 could
be narrowed to one or two possibilities each. Tentative
structures were proposed in six cases. Conclusions
were: (1) that this type of compound/identification
effort is very time and labor intensive, (2) that labor
costs are high because highly trained and experienced
personnel are required, and (3) that the amount of de-
finitive information that can be obtained by application
of any one of the analytical techniques discussed
above ranges from minimal to extensive but that inte-
gration of information often is a complex problem.
Keywords: "Water analysis, "Organic compounds,
"Spectrochemical analysis, "Water pollution, "Mass
spectra, Gas chromatography, Mass spectroscopy, In-
frared spectroscopy, Sampling, Industrial wastes,
Chemical analysis, "Water pollution detection, Com-
puter applications. High resolution gas chromatogra-
phy, High resolution mass spectrometry, Chemical ion-
ization mass spectroscopy, Fourier transform spec-
troscopy, Publicly owned wastewater treatment.
PB84-229723/HSU	PC A12/MF AOt
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Application of an Analysis Protocol to Identify Or-
Sanic Compounds Not Identified By Spectrum
latching. Part 2: Appendices. Final rept. Dec 82-
Feb 84,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. T. Bursey. Aug 84,265p EPA-600/4-84-072B
Contract EPA-68-03-2867
See also PB84-229715.
Industrial wastewater survey samples were analyzed
for organic compounds not identified by spectrum
matching. Analysis of the samples proceeded from an
initial packed column GC/MS analysis for Priority Pol-
lutants, through computerized spectrum matching for
other compounds, to the present capillary column GC/
MS analysis of a chosen set of sample extracts. Atten-
tion was focused on the spectra seen to occur fre-
quently, yet not tentatively identified by spectrum
matching. A plan for systematic study of these sample
components was devised that included, in step-wise
fashion, the use of high resolution gas chromatogra-
phy, high resolution mass spectrometry, chemical ioni-
zation mass spectrometry with positive and negative
ion detection, and Fourier transform infrared spectros-
copy. Sample cleanup was used at all levels to miti-
gate interference. For 55 extracts in which compo-
nents of interest were observed, accurate mass meas-
urement was successfully used to generate chemical
formulas in 35 cases.
Keywords: "Water analysis, "Organic compounds,
"Spectrochemical analysis, "Water pollution, "Mass
spectra, Gas chromatography, Mass spectroscopy, In-
frared spectroscopy, Sampling, Industrial wastes,
Chemical analysis, "Water pollution detection, Com-
puter applications, High resolution gas chromatogra-
phy, High resolution mass spectrometry, Chemical ion-
ization mass spectroscopy, Fourier transform spec-
troscopy, Publicly owned wastewater treatment.
PB84-229749/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Fabric Filter System Study; Fourth Annual Report.
Rept. for Oct 80-Jun 84,
Southwestern Public Service Co., Amarillo, TX.
R L. Chambers, 0. C. Plunk, and S. L. Kunka. Aug 84,
68p EPA-600/7-84-083
Contract EPA-68-02-2659
See also PB84-141563.
The report gives results of the fourth year of operation
(ending October 1, 1981) of a fabric filter installed by
198 Vol. 90, No. 24
Southwestern Public Service Co. on its Harrington Sta-
tion Unit 2 coal-fired boiler in Amarillo, Texas. Project
work during the fourth year concentrated on fabric
studies. The 10-oz/sq yd fabrics of the 150 1/2 warp,
150 2/2T fill construction demonstrated superior per-
formance over the most common 14-oz/sq yd con-
structions, regardless of coating. It was determined
that improving cleaning by increasing shaking ampli-
tude is more detrimental to baglife than increasing
shaker frequency. Maintenance and operation obser-
vations continued, and the resolution of these types of
problems became more efficient because of increased
experience of maintenance personnel with baghouse-
related problems.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Particles,
Air filters, Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Per-
formance evaluation, Texas, Maintenance, Operating
control, Tables(Data). "Fabric filters, "Coal fired power
plants, Baghouses, Amarillo(Texas).
PB84-229756/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
in Situ Analysis of Corrosive and Passive Sur-
faces by Laser-Excited Raman Spectroscopy,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Dept. of Chemistry.
C. W. Brown. Aug 84,145p EPA-600/2-84-133
Contract EPA-CR80-729101
From both laboratory and field investigations it has
been found that protective films can be formed or de-
posited on lead and asbestos-cement pipes. The pur-
pose of the present project was to determine the
chemical and/or crystalographic composition of sur-
face films on these pipes. Both laboratory and field
samples of lead were investigated by Raman and infra-
red spectroscopy. A number of laboratory samples
were investigated in situ using laser-excited Raman
spectroscopy. A limited number of field samples of as-
bestos-cement pipes were studied using infrared spec-
troscopy. In addition, surface films from field samples
of galvanized iron pipes were measured. Variations in
the chemical composition of asbestos-cement pipes
make it impossible to identify the composition of sur-
face films using spectroscopic techniques; however,
surface films on field samples of galvanized iron were
identified as zinc carbonates using infrared spectros-
copy.
Keywords: "Raman spectroscopy, "Corrosion, "Water
pipes, Surfaces, Thermodynamic properties, Chemical
analysis, Laboratory equipment, Field tests, Infrared
spectroscopy, "Laser spectroscopy, Zinc carbonates.
PBB4-229822/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparison of End-Tidal Breath CO (Carbon Mon-
oxide) Estimates of COHb with Estimates Based
on Exposure Profiles of Individuals in the Denver,
Colorado and Washington, DC Area,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Data Management and Analysis Div.
L. A. Wallace, J. Thomas, and D. T. Mage. Jul 84,22p
EPA-600-D-84-194
Prepared in cooperation with General Software Corp.,
Landover, MD.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has spon-
sored a field study of personal exposures to carbon
monoxide (CO) in Washington, D.C., and Denver. CO
concentrations in exhaled breath were measured in
837 nonsmoking adult residents of Washington and
454 nonsmoking adult residents of Denver between
November 8, 1982, and February 25, 1983. The per-
cent of people exceeding 10 ppm (about 2% COHb
saturation) was 10% in Denver and 5% in Washington.
Mean (+ or - S.E.) breath concentrations were 7.2 +
or - 0.2 ppm in Denver and 5.1 + or - 0.2 ppm in Wash-
ington. These concentrations agreed well with a previ-
ous nationwide study of blood carboxyhemoglobin
(NHANESII), but were higher than would be predicted
from outdoor fixed stations. Comparisons of COHb es-
timated from breath measurements and COHb esti-
mated by CO exposures and the Coburn-Forster-Kane
(CFK) equation indicate a discrepancy, with the breath
COHb tending towards higher estimates. Possible con-
tributing factors to the discrepancy are uncertainties in
published breath CO-blood COHb correlations, a tend-
ency for the personal monitors to drift with time, and
uncertainties in physiological function values used in
the CFK equation.
Keywords: "Carbon monoxide, 'Toxicity, 'Air pollu-
tion, "Public health, Field tests, Exposure, Hazardous
materials, Denver, District of Columbia,
Concentration(Composition), Blood analysis, Compari-
son, "Toxic substances, Coburn Forster Kane equa-
tion.
PB84-229830/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Possible Relationship of Sudden Infant Death
Syndrome to Indoor Air Quality,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Data Management and Analysis Div.
D. T. Mage. Jul 84,10p EPA-600/D-84-193
Contract EPA-R80-853601
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) has been asso-
ciated with higher rates of maternal smoking and
higher body lead content of SIDS victims compared to
control infants, matched for age and sex, who died of
other causes. Hoppenbrouwers et al. demonstrated a
temporal relationship between the seasonal pattern of
SIDS (maximal in cold seasons, minimal in warm sea-
sons) and the seasonal (winter) increase in ambient
carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (N02), sul-
phur dioxide (S02), and lead (Pb) in Los Angeles
County, California. Because infants in the first year of
life spend most of their time indoors, and maternal
smoking would add to the ambient levels in the home,
it is the indoor levels of CO and Pb in the nursery that
are of most immediate concern.
Keywords: "Infants, "Sudden infant death, Indoor air
pollution, Air quality, "Air pollution effects(Humans).
PB84-229848	Not available NTIS
Fused Silica Capillary Column GC/MS for the
Analysis of Priority Pollutants. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
A. D. Sauter, L. D. Betowski, T. R. Smith, V. A. Strickler,
and B. N. Colby. C1981,20p EPA-600/J-81/568
Prepared in cooperation with TRW, Inc., Redondo
Beach, CA. and Systems, Science and Software, La
Jolla, CA.
Pub. in Jnl. of High Resolution Chromatography and
Chromatography Communications, v4 p366-384 Aug
81.
Operational characteristics have been determined for
fused silica capillary column (FSCC) GC/MS as ap-
plied to 'extractable' priority pollutants. Chromatogra-
phic data show excellent relative retention time (RRT)
intralaboratory precision and interlaboratory accuracy
when multiple internal standards are employed. Poten-
tial chromatographic problems, such as column over-
load and 'double peaking', are addressed. Potential
quantitative problems, such as saturation, are dis-
cussed. For certain aromatic priority pollutants interla-
boratory RF agreement was observed. This was noted
as perhaps the most important property of FSCC GC/
MS analysis when the multiple internal standard ap-
proach is utilized. Determinations of extractable priori-
ty pollutants are directly compared for packed column
GC/MS and FSCC GC/MS analysis of separate and
composited extracts. For six extracts analyzed in tripli-
cate, the latter configuration was shown to produce
more consistent results. In view of the superior analy-
sis logistics of composite extract FSCC GC/MS analy-
sis, this approach was established as the preferred
method for the analysis of priority pollutants classified
as extractable.
Keywords: "Water analysis, "Hazardous materials,
"Capillary tubes, Chemical analysis, Water pollution,
Gas chromatography, Extraction, Mass spectroscopy!
Performance evaluation, Reprints, "Fused silica capil-
lary columns, "Water pollution detection.
PB84-229855	Not available NTIS
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Comparison of Extinction and Size Distribution
Data Measured at Two Urban Sites in the U.S. and
Europe. Journal article,
Vienna Univ. (Austria). Inst, for Experimental Physics.
R. Hitzenberger, and R. B. Husar. c1984,6p EPA-600/
J-84-062
Grant EPA-R-806606
Prepared in cooperation with Washington Univ., St.
Louis, MO.
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment v18 n2 P449-452
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Extinction coefficients and mass size distributions
were measured at St. Louis, MO, and at Vienna, Aus-
tria with the same instrumentation (an 11-wavelength
automated telephotometer and an 8-stage low pres-
sure cascade impactor, both designed at the Universi-
ty of Vienna). A comparison between the sites gave
lower extinction coefficients, mean aerodynamic diam-
eters, standard deviations and mass concentrations of
the accumulation mode at the St. Louis site and a simi-
lar dependence of extinction on relative humidity.
Keywords; "Aerosols, 'Urban areas, 'Particle size dis-
tribution, 'Absorptivity, Sites, Comparison, Air pollu-
tion, Humidity, Sampling, Reprints, 'Air pollution sam-
pling, Cascade impactors.
PB84-229863	Not available NTIS
Tetrachloro-9H-Carbazole, a Previously Unrecog-
nized Contaminant In Sediments of the Buffalo
River. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
D. W. Kuehl, E. Durhan, B. C. Butterworth, and D. Linn.
C1984, 7p EPA-600/J-84-064
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Univ.-Superi-
or. Center for Lake Superior Studies.
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research 10, n2 p210-214
1984.
Three sediment samples taken from the Buffalo River,
New York, have been analyzed for polychlorinated
planar molecules similar in structure to the highly toxic
2,3,7,8-TCDD. Although no TCDD was found, residues
of chlorinated dibenzofuran, fluorene, biphenylene,
phenanthrene (anthracene), naphthalene, and 9H-car-
bazole were identified. 1,3,6,8-tetrachloro-9H-carba-
zole was identified as the major chemical of this type in
the sediments, and quantified at levels as high as 25
microgram/g at one site.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Buffalo River, 'Chemical
analysis, 'Water pollution, Sampling, New York, Sites,
Chlorine organic compounds, Naphthalene,
Concentration(Composition), Anthracene, Fluorenes,
Carbazoles, Gas chromatography, Mass spectrosco-
py, Reprints, 'Water pollution detection, 'Water pollu-
tion sampling, 'Carbazole/tetrachloro, Chlorinated di-
benzofurans, Fluorene, Biphenylene.
PB84-229871/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Multimedia Fate and Transport Models: An Over-
view. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
K. F. Hedden. 1984,19p EPA-600/J-84-060
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology-Clinical Toxicology, v21 n1-2
p65-95 1984.
This paper examines the development and current
status of several multimedia fate and transport models
that are designed for application to specific single pol-
lutants and Tor general purpose evaluation of toxic
chemicals. The capabilities, limitations, and data re-
quirements of these models are briefly reviewed.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, "Transport proper-
ties, 'Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, Chemical
compounds,	Exposure,	Risk,
Concentration(Composition), Trace elements, Air pol-
lution, Water pollution, Organic compounds, Metals,
Reprints, "Toxic substances, "Path of pollutants, Land
pollution.
PB84-229889	Not available NTIS
Correlation of In Vitro and In Vivo Methods by
Means of Mass Dose and Fiber Distribution for
Amoslte and Fibrous Ferroactlnolite. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
D. L. Coffin, L. D. Palekar, and P. M. Cook. C1983,7p
EPA-600/J-83-226
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v51 p49-
531983.
Oncogenesis and in vitro data (reported elsewhere in
detail) are compared on the basis of relative activity by
mass and by dimensional fiber parameters. When
tumor induction is compared to the number of fibers of
various lengths and aspect ratios in the dose in rats to
the degree of tumor induction, a degree of difference
with the long thin fiber concept of tumorigenesis by
mineral fibers is noted. Consistency is re-established,
however, when cognizance is taken of the change in
the length and aspect ratio that took place during resi-
dence in the lung. This change resulted in a several-
fold excess for ferroactinolite of all fiber lengths with
high aspect ratios, produced as a result of longitudinal
splitting of the introduced fibers. The response by
mass in the in vitro procedures did not mimic oncogen-
esis. When mass was so adjusted that there were an
equal number of mineral fibers, aspect ratio > 3, for
dose for the two minerals, agreement was closer in
both the rabbit alveolar macrophage toxicity test and
the clonal cytotoxicity assay in Chinese hamster ovary
cells. When activity was related to the number of min-
eral fibers, the same aspect ratio computed to have
been contained in the mass dose, agreement with the
relative induction of lung tumors was closer. In all
cases, erythrocyte lysis was more active in reflecting
the number of mineral fibers.
Keywords: "Public health, "Environmental surveys,
"Industrial medicine, 'Toxicity, "In vitro analysis,
"Fiber metallurgy, "In vivo analysis, Comparison, Haz-
ardous materials, Exposure, Laboratory animals, As-
bestos, Dosage, Air pollution, "Occupational safety
and health, Amosite, Ferroactinolite, Indoor air pollu-
tion.
PB84-229897/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Enzymatic Approach to Biotransformation. Jour-
nal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Experimental Biology Div.
K. T. Kitchin. 1984,10p EPA-600/J-84-065
Pub. in Meth and Find in Experimental Clinical Pharma-
col, v6n6 p303-310 1984.
An overall scheme for the biotransformation of organic
compounds by routes other than hydrolysis of possible
ester bonds is presented. Both phase I (oxidative) and
phase II (conjugative) biotransformation reactions are
discussed on an enzyme basis. Whenever possible
pesticides are used as examples of the mechanisms
by which enzyme activities alter chemical structure
(biotransformation) as well as the ways in which
chemicals themselves can effect enzyme activities.
Keywords: "Enzymes, "Orpanic compounds, "Hydroly-
sis, "Biochemistry, Chemical bonds. Chemical com-
pounds, Chemical properties, Molecular structure,
Pesticides, Reprints, "Biotransformation.
PB84-229905/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Low-Cost Digitizer for the Apple. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
J. Sinnett. Jun 82,6p EPA/600/J-82/415, ERLN-539
Pub. in MICRO 49, p40-49 Jun 82.
If you have a computer with high-resolution graphics,
then you already own 99% of a digitizer with equal res-
olution. This article tells you how to use a sheet of half-
reflecting plastic to build the rest. The modular demon-
stration program should be easy to customize to your
application. The article also describes a 'crashproof
disk access which should be of interest to those who
have puzzled over details of the Applesoft ONERR
GOTO command.
Keywords: "Digitizers, Computer graphics, Computer
programs, "Apple computers.
PB84-229913	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Comparison of Methods for Evaluation of Experi-
mentally Induced Emphysema. Journal article,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
R. H. Busch, R. L. Buschbom, and L. G. Smith. C1984,
26p EPA-600/J-84-066
Pub. in Environmental Research 33, p473-4961984.
Four methods to quantify Induced emphysema, in a
manner economically applicable to large numbers of
animals, are compared by correlation analyses. Lung
tissue used was from rats pretreated intratracheal^
with elastase or saline prior to exposure to air or
(NH4)2S04 or NH4N03 aerosols. The most sensitive
quantitative evaluation was from mean chord length
(MCL) measurements on scanning electron micro-
graphs (SEM). Four-corner and parallel-line grids pro-
vided similar results, and reducing sample size to one
selected field per lobe yielded a high degree of reliabil-
ity for MCL measurements. Alveolar-pore perimeter
and area (also measured on SEM photographs) were
increased by induced emphysema, but were not reli-
able indicators for degree of pulmonary involvement.
Both subjective score (grading the degree of emphyse-
ma) and percentage-area-affected determinations in-
dicated the presence of emphysema, but with less
sensitivity than MCL measurements. However, these
two subgross methods (performed with a dissecting
microscope) provided valuable information on the dis-
tribution of pulmonary lesions; emphysema was in-
duced in a non-uniform but consistent and progressive
pattern in the two lobes of the lung studied. (Copyright
(c) 1984 by Academic Press, Inc.).
Keywords: "Emphysema, 'Ammonium sulfate, "Am-
monium nitrate, "Aerosols, Laboratory animals, Respi-
ratory diseases, Exposure, Comparison, Reprints,
Lung function tests.
PB84-229954/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Manganese.
Final Report,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
H. Bilinski, R. J. F. Bruins, L. Erdreich, M. Fugas, and D.
Kello. Aug 84,353p* EPA/600/8-83/013F
See also PB83-217786.
The document evaluates data on occurrence, sources,
and transport of manganese in the environment and
data on metabolism, pharmacokinetics, laboratory tox-
icological and epidemiologic studies to determine the
nature and dose response relationship of potential
health effects on humans. Nationwide air sampling
data indicate that mean manganese concentrations
have declined from 0.11 micrograms per cu. m. in
1953-1957 to 0.033 micrograms per cu. m. in 1982.
The effects of major concern to humans exposed to
manganese are on neurological and on pulmonary
function. The CNS effects nave been observed in
humans at exposure levels above 5 mg/cu. m. and are
incapacitating and generally irreversible. Data are
equivocal between 1 and 5 mg/cu. m. but suggest de-
creased prevalence. There are no reports of these ef-
fects below 0.3 mg/cu. m. exposure. Pneumonia and
chronic bronchitis occur at levels which are associated
with neurological effects. Reduced lung function has
been reported in children exposed to an estimated 3-
11 micrograms per cu. m. from emission of a ferroman-
ganese plant. However, studies of workers exposed to
40 micrograms per cu. m. did not show respiratory
symptoms. Animal studies qualitatively support pulmo-
nary effects of manganese exposure. Respiratory
symptoms occur at lower levels than neurological
symptoms and are therefore considered to be the criti-
cal effect based on available data.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Manganese, Evaluation, Ex-
posure, Public health, Toxicity, Epidemiology, "Health
hazards, Environmental transport, Air pollution
effects(Humans), Environment protection, Environ-
mental persistence, Carcinogenesis, Mutagens, Tera-
togens.
PB84-229962/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment and Overview of Bio-
technology Process Applications. Final rept. Sep
83-Jun 84,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.		
N P. Stein, B. J. Hayes, N. S. Gates, and G. C. Page.
Aug 84,125p EPA-600/7-84-081
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
The report is an overview of industrial biotechnology
processes, waste streams associated with these proc-
esses, and the effectiveness of current control tech-
nologies in treating process waste streams. (Biotech-
nology is defined nere as processes that employ mi-
crobial cultures or enzymes to produce a product or
effect a specific physical or chemical change.) Com-
mercial applications are divided into contained product
manufacturing processes (industrial fermentation) and
uncontained/semicontained processes (metal extrac-
tion, energy production, and pollution control). Agricul-
tural applications of biotechnology, the use of higher
order organisms, and biological treatment of
wastewaters are not considered in detail In this report.
Acceptable levels of control for viable microorganisms
are currently not well defined. Data on the effective-
ness of technologies for control of viable microorga-
nisms and certain chemical constituents of bioprocess
wastes were found to be very limited.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Microorganisms, "Enzymes, 'Environ-
mental surveys, "Industrial plants, Assessments, Fer-
mentation, Solid waste disposal, Air pollution. Water
pollution, Sterilization, Purification, Biomass, Materials
recovery, Cultures(Biology), Food industry, Industrial
wastes, Process charting, Deoxyribonucleic acids,
Drug industry, Chemical industry, Fuels, "Biotechnol-
ogy, Biological industrial waste treatment.
PB84-230002/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Electrostatic Augmentation of Fabric Filtration:
Reverse-Air Pilot Unit Experience. Final rept. Jun
82-Sep 83,
Research Triangle Inst., Durham, NC.
D. W. VanOsdelT, and D. A. Furlong. Aug 84,130p R-
47U-1915, EPA-600/7-84-085
Contract EPA-68-02-3186
Prepared in cooperation with ETS, Inc., Roanoke, VA.
The report describes the use of a pilot unit (consisting
of two baghouses in a parallel-flow arrangement on a
slipstream from an industrial pulverized-coal boiler
house) to test electrostatically augmented fabric filtra-
tion (ESFF) in a reverse-air cleaning mode. ESFF is
characterized by electrodes arranged about 2 cm
apart around the circumference of the bag and running
the length of the bag. An electric field of 2-4 kV/cm is
maintained between the electrodes and perpendicular
to the gas flow. Research results showed that ESFF
can reduce fabric filter pressure drops and may allow
reverse-air filtration at a 2 cm/s face velocity, rather
than the conventional 1 cm/s. A filter bag with stain-
less steel electrodes woven into the fabric was devel-
oped for the reverse-air tests as part of this research.
The woven-in electrode and the potential for doubling
the face velocity appear to make ESFF economically
attractive for commercial baghouse users.
Keywords: "Electrostatics, "Air pollution control equip-
ment, "Air filters, Pilot plants, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Filtration, Electrodes, Fly ash,
Tables(Data), Performance evaluation, Design criteria,
"Fabric filters, "Electrostatic fabric filters, Baghouses.
PB84-230036/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Analysis of Volatile Products from the Slow Pyrol-
ysis of Coal. Final rept. Nov 82-Oct 83,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. Dept. of Chemi-
cal Engineering.
R. M. Felder, and F. D. Gilman. Aug 84,90p EPA-600/
7-84-082
Grant EPA-R-809317
The report gives results of a study of the evolution of
volatile matter from coals of various rank during fixed-
and fluid-bed pyrolysis. The pyrolyses were performed
at temperatures ranging from 400 to 1000 C and with
heating rates ranging from 1.5 to 6.0 C/s. Effects of
equilibrium temperature, heating rate, coal rank, and
reactor design on weight loss, elemental volatilization,
gas species production and product composition, and
tar/gas production ratios were examined. Lignite, sub-
bituminous, and bituminous coals exhibited the same
weight loss versus temperature profiles at slow pyroly-
sis rates. Toluene, xylene, ethane, and total sulfur
yields versus temperature varied from fixed-to fluid-
bed conditions. All other compounds measured
showed no such dependence on reactor design. For
all systems studied, tar-to-gas ratios were lower (al-
though overall weight losses were greater) for slow py-
rolysis than for rapid pyrolysis. Tar yields increased
and carbon oxide yields decreased with increasing
coal rank.
Keywords: "Coal, "Pyrolysis, "Volatility, *Gas analysis,
"Air pollution control, Fluidized bed processing,
Beds(Process engineering), Laboratory -equipment,
Hazardous materials, Chemical reactions, Quality con-
trol, Sampling, Performance evaluation, Design crite-
ria, Combustion products, Chemical analysis, Temper-
ature, Process charting, Coal gasification, Industrial
wastes, "Air pollution detection, Coal liquefaction.
PB84-230044/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH
Evaluation of Hazardous Waste Incineration in a
Lime Kiln: Rockwell Lime Company. Final rept.,
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
200 Vol. 90, No. 24
D. R. Day, and L. A. Cox. Aug 84,153p EPA/600/2-
84/132
Contract EPA-68-03-3025
During a one-week test burn, hazardous waste was
used as supplemental fuel and co-fired with petroleum
coke in a lime kiln in eastern Wisconsin. Detailed sam-
pling and analysis was conducted on the stack gas for
principal organic hazardous constituents (POHCs),
particulates, particulate metals, HCI, S02, NOx, CO,
and THC and on process streams for metals and chlo-
rine. POHCs were also analyzed in the waste fuel.
Sampling was conducted during three baseline and
five waste fuel test burn days. The program objectives
were to determine the destruction and removal effi-
ciency (DRE) for each POHC, determine concentration
of stack gas pollutants under baseline and waste fuel
test burn conditions, determine the fate of chlorine,
sulfur, and trace metals in the kiln process, and evalu-
ate kiln performance when operating with hazardous
waste as supplemental fuel. Results show average
DRE's greater than 99.99 percent for each POHC and
little change in pollutant emissions from baseline to
waste fuel test conditions. In addition, material balance
results show that 95 percent of chlorine enters the
process from the limestone feed and the chlorine exits
the kiln in the baghouse dust and lime product at 61
percent and 38 percent, respectively.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Incinerators,
"Kilns, "Limestone, "Air pollution control, Sampling,
Particles, Metals, Hydrogen chloride, Performance
evaluation, Solid waste disposal, Sulfur dioxide, Nitro-
gen	oxides,	Carbon	monoxide,
Concentration(Composition), Chimneys, Burners, Hy-
drocarbons, Design criteria, "Waste heat utilization,
"Liquid waste disposal, "Refuse derived fuels, Rock-
well Lime Company, Fuel substitutes, EPA methods,
Air pollution sampling, Air pollution detection.
PB84-230051 /HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park. NC. Data Management and Analysis Div.
Study of Carbon Monoxide Exposures of Resi-
dents of Washington, D.C.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
T. D. Hartwell, C. A. Clayton, R. M. Michie, Jr., R. W.
Whitmore, and H. S. Zelon. Jul 84,22p EPA-600/D-84-
177
Contract EPA-68-02-3679
See also PB84-183516.
The paper will describe a study conducted in the
Washington, D.C., area during the winter of 1982-83
for the purpose of measuring tne distribution of carbon
monoxide (CO) exposures of a representative popula-
tion of the area. The population distributions were de-
termined by direct measurement of CO with personal
exposure monitors (PEM) through the use of statistical
inference from a statistically drawn sample. The study
also provided data (through the use of individual dia-
ries) to determine exposure to CO as a function of con-
centrations within significant microenvironments (e.g.,
home, in transit, work, leisure) and individual activity
patterns. Breath samples were also collected from
sample individuals. The population of inference for the
study was non-smoking adults (age 18-70) in the D.C.
area which was estimated to include about 1.22 million
individuals. The actual number of individuals sampled
with usable CO data was 712.
Keywords: "Carbon monoxide, "Toxicology, Urban
areas, Screening, Humans, Exposure, Data collection,
Evaluation, "Air pollution detection, District of Colum-
bia, Air sampling.
PB84-230O89/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Results of the Carbon Monoxide Study In Wash-
ington, D.C., and Denver, Colorado, In the Winter
of 1982-83,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., ResearchTri-
angle Park, NC. Data Management and Analysis Div.
G. G. Akland, T. Johnson, and T. Hartwell. Jul 84,8p
EPA-600/D-84-178
Prepared in cooperation with PEDCo Environmental,
Inc., Durham, NC. and Research Triangle Inst., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The paper will briefly describe the study of population
exposure to carbon monoxide for the residents of the
Washington, D.C., area and the Denver, Colorado,
area in the winter of 1982-83. The population exposure
distributions were determined by direct measurement
of CO with personal exposure monitors (PEM's)
through the use of statistical inference from a statisti-
cally drawn sample. The population of inference for
the study was non-smoking, non-institutionalized
adults (age 18-70). Each sampled individual carried a
PEM for a 24-hour period on one pre-scheduled day in
Washington, D.C., and two consecutive days in
Denver. The exposure distributions from each study
area will be contrasted and factors pertaining to high
exposure will be discussed.
Keywords: "Carbon monoxide, "District of Columbia,
"Winter, "Public health, "Environmental surveys, Ex-
posure, Air pollution, Toxicity, Sites,
'Denver(Colorado), "Air pollution sampling.
PB84-231075/HSU	PC A99/MF E03
Evaluation of Air Pollution Regulatory Strategies
for Gasoline Marketing Industry.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jul 84, 692p* EPA/450/3-84/012A
See also PB84-231083.
The gasoline marketing industry (bulk terminals, bulk
plants, service station storage tanks, and service sta-
tion vehicle refueling operations) emit to the atmos-
phere several organic compounds of concern. These
include: volatile organic compounds (VOC), which con-
tribute to ozone formation: benzene, which has been
listed as a hazardous air pollutant based on human evi-
dence of carcinogencity; and ethylene dichloride
(EDC), ethylene dibromide (EDB), and gasoline
vapors, for which there is animal evidence of carcino-
gencity. This report contains an analysis of the health,
emission, cost, and economic impacts of several regu-
latory strategies for addressing organic compound
emissions from gasoline marketing sources. The regu-
latory strategies considered are: (1) service station
controls (Stage II) for vehicle refueling emissions only
in areas requiring additional VOC control to attain the
national ozone ambient standard; (2) service station
controls (Stage II) for vehicle refueling emissions on a
nationwide basis; (3) onboard vehicle controls for vehi-
cle refueling emissions on a nationwide basis; (4) bulk
terminal, bulk plant, and service station storage tank
controls on a nationwide basis; and (5) various permu-
tations and combinations of these alternatives.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Gasoline, "Regula-
tions, Substitutes, Benzenes, Ozone, Hazardous mate-
rials, Risk, Halogen organic compounds, Law enforce-
ment, Exposure, Economic impact, Cost analysis, Mar-
keting, Public health, Toxicity, "Volatile organic com-
pounds, "Fugitive emissions, "Toxic substances. Serv-
ice stations, Refueling, Benzene, Ethane/dibromo,
Ethane/dichloro.
PB84-231083/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of Air Pollution Regulatory Strategies
for Gasoline Marketing Industry - Executive Sum-
mary.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jul 84, 46p" EPA/450/3-84/012B
See also PB84-231075.
The gasoline marketing industry (bulk terminals, bulk
plants, service station storage tanks, and service sta-
tion vehicle refueling operations) emit to the atmos-
phere several organic compounds of concern. These
include: volatile organic compounds (VOC), which con-
tribute to ozone formation; benzene, which has been
listed as a hazardous air pollutant based on human evi-
dence of carcinogencity; and ethylene dichloride
(EDC), ethylene dibromide (EDB), and gasoline
vapors, for which there is animal evidence of carcino-
gencity. This report contains a summary of the analysis
conducted concerning the health, emission, cost, and
economic impacts of several regulatory strategies for
addressing organic compound emissions from gaso-
line marketing sources. (The full report is contained in
EPA Document PB84-231075). The regulatory strate-
gies evaluated are: (1) service station controls (Stage
II) for vehicle refueling emissions only in areas requir-
ing additional VOC control to attain the national ozone
ambient standard; (2) sen/ice station controls (Stage
II) for vehicle refueling emissions on a nationwide
basis; (3) onboard vehicle controls for vehicle refueling
emissions on a nationwide basis; (4) bulk terminal, bulk
plant, and service station storage tank controls on a
nationwide basis; and (5) various combinations of
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Gasoline, 'Regula-
tions, Substitutes, Benzenes, Ozone, Hazardous mate-
rials, Risk, Halogen organic compounds, Economic
impact, Cost analysis, Marketing, Public health, Toxici-
ty, "Volatile organic compounds, "Fugitive emissions,
"Toxic substances. Service stations. Refueling, Ben-
zene, Ethane/dibromo, Ethane/dichloro.
PB84-231174/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Analysis of Septic Tank Distribution and Septage
Generation Rates In Illinois. Final rept.,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
J. Pendowski, B. McBride, and D. Crandall. Mar 84,
80p IEPA/WPC-84/003
The original Section 208 Water Quality Management
Plan for Illinois estimated that on-site disposal served
a million people in the State, roughly 18 percent of the
total population. Until recently, conventional sewage
systems were considered to be the most efficient
means to meet a community's wastewater treatment
needs. However, the necessary capital and operating
costs for central sewerage systems can create signifi-
cant financial burdens on individuals and communities.
This report examines the distribution and use of on-site
wastewater systems in Illinois. It presents an analysis
of generation and disposition of residuals resulting
from on-site disposal systems (septage). The report
provides: (1) a discussion of the distribution of septic
tank usage and density; (2) an estimation and presen-
tation of septage generation rates; (3) a characteriza-
tion of septage disposal practices and procedures; (4)
a description of the general regulatory framework for
septic tank operation in Illinois; and (5) concludes with
a discussion of overall recommendations for improved
management.
Keywords: "Septic tanks, "Sewage disposal, "Illinois,
Spatial distribution, Water quality management, Sites,
Density(Mass/Volume), Population growth, Trends,
Earth fills, Ordinances, Regulations, Tables(Data),
Maps, "Septage, Land application, Sewage treatment.
PB84-231232/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Nonlndustrlal Sources of Potentially Toxic Sub-
stances and Their Applicability to Source Appor-
tionment Methods,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
G. E. Weant, and G. S. McCormick. May 84,97p EPA-
450/4-84-003
Contract EPA-68-02-3509
Receptor models have been successfully used for the
source apportionment of particulate matter. Based on
this past success, an extension of the models to other
pollutants, such as organic toxic substances, is desira-
ble and may be possible. However, much additional
work must be performed to account for the reactivities
of many of the organic substances. Until the reactivi-
ties of the organic substances are considered in the re-
ceptor models, source apportionment of the reactive
organic substances by existing receptor models is not
practicable. This project examined this extension of
the receptor models and collected data on the emis-
sion sources of potentially toxic substances.
Keywords: "Mathematical models, "Organic com-
pounds, "Environmental surveys, Sources, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Water polfution, Air pol-
lution, Forest fires, Dry cleaning, Volcanoes, "Toxic
substances, Natural emissions.
PB84-231240/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Ann Arbor, Ml. Great Lakes Environmental Research
Lab.
Watershed Handbook. A Management Technique
for Choosing Among Point ana N on point Control
Strategies. Research rept.,
Great Lakes Basin Commission, Ann Arbor, Ml.
T. J. Monteith, R. A. C. Sullivan, T. M. Heidtke, and W.
C. Sonzogni. Aug 81,112p EPA-905/9-84/002
Sponsored in part by National Oceanic and Atmos-
pheric Administration, Ann Arbor, Ml. Great Lakes En-
vironmental Research Lab.
Watershed is a simple, 'desk top' accounting system
designed to help water quality planners assess alter-
native management strategies for controlling point and
nonpoint source pollution inputs from large areas (100
square miles or greater) to a receiving water. Its goal is
to find the best mix of point and nonpoint source man-
agement techniques to achieve a given load allocation
for a receiving waterbody. Through a cost-effective-
ness ranking scheme, Watershed identifies the order
in which remedial measures could be implemented to
achieve the greatest annual water quality improve-
ments at the least cost. This handbook presents the
mechanics and background data for using the Water-
shed system.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Water pollution control, "Water-
sheds, Handbooks, Municipalities, Industries, Cost ef-
fectiveness, Phosphorus, Combined sewers, Cost esti-
mates, Estimating, Water pollution, Farms, Streams,
River basins, Point sources, Nonpoint sources, "Or-
ganic loading.
PB84-23131S/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Review of the NAAQS (National Ambient Air Qual-
ity Standards) for Carbon Monoxide: Reassess-
ment of Scientific and Technical Information. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jul 84, 57p* EPA/450/5-84/004
This paper evaluates and inteiprets the available sci-
entific and technical information that EPA staff be-
lieves is most relevant to the review of the primary
(health) national ambient air quality standards for
carbon monoxide and presents staff recommenda-
tions on alternative approaches to revising the stand-
ards. The assessment is intended to bridge the gap
between the scientific review in the EPA criteria docu-
ment and criteria document addendum for carbon
monoxide and the judgments required of the Adminis-
trator in setting ambient air quality standards for
carbon monoxide. The major recommendations of the
staff paper include the following: 1) that the 8 hour pri-
mary standard level be set in the range 9 to 12 parts
per million; 2) that the 1-hour primary standard level be
set in the range 25 to 35 parts per million to provide a
comparable level of protection.
Keywords: "Carbon monoxide, "Standards, 'Air pollu-
tion, Assessments, Substitutes, Recommendations,
Reviews, Public health, Exposure, Toxicity, "Air qual-
ity.
PB84-231448/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Development of a New Gravity Sedimentation
Process for Dewatering Flue Gas Cleaning
Wastes. Final rept. May 76-Jun 83,
Auburn Univ., AL. Dept. of Chemical Engineering.
A. R. Tarrer. Aug 84,238p EPA-600/7-84-084
Grants EPA-R-806314, EPA-R-804531
The report gives results of a project to develop and
test a novel system for dewatering flue gas cleaning
(FGC) wastes at the pilot plant level. In this new
system, the clarification and thickening functions are
conducted in separate, but interconnected, pieces of
equipment. The new system consists of a lamella clari-
fier and a conventional thickener that is smaller in di-
ameter, but deeper (than the thickener/clarifier typical-
ly used to dewater FGC wastes), connected by a recy-
cle stream between the two units to obtain a high
degree of flexibility and control of operating conditions.
Preliminary economic evaluation of this system indi-
cates potential savings of 10 percent of the total cap-
ital costs and 6 percent of annual operating costs for
the FGC waste management/disposal system. In pilot
testing of this system, a completely new concept in
thickener operation, known as the 'bang-bang' oper-
ation, evolved in which the thickener underflow rate is
set as low as possible without plugging the underflow
lines. Periodically, the underflow rate is increased
briefly to remove additional solids from the system at
the concentration established by the (previously set)
low underflow rate. This mode of operation appears to
make it possible to maintain the maximum solids con-
centration in the underflow.
Keywords: "Sedimentation, "Dewatering, "Air pollution
control, "Gravity concentrators, Flue gases, Pilot
plants. Capitalized costs, Operating costs,
Thickeners(Equipment), Clarification, Cost analysis,
Industrial wastes. Combustion products, Feasibility
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, "Solid
wastes, "Stationary sources.
PB84-231505/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Ames Bioassay of Exhaust Soluble Organics
Emissions. Final rept. Jun 80-Dec 82,
Microbiological Associates, Bethesda, MD.
S. R. Haworth, and T. E. Lawlor. Apr 84, 417p EPA/
460/3-84/003
Contract EPA-68-03-2923
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
This report summarizes the results obtained from test-
ing 201 extracts of engine exhaust particulates in the
Salmonella/mammalian-microsome mutagenicity
assay (Ames test) from June 1980 to December 1982.
Exhaust particulates collected on filters were subject-
ed to a 24 hr soxhlet extraction with methylene chlo-
ride. Each blown down sample was shipped to Micro-
biological Associates where it was assayed at least
twice in the Ames test in two separate experiments
conducted over a period of several weeks. Each Ames
test was conducted in triplicate at five dose levels
using up to five Salmonella typhimurium tester strains,
TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538, both with
and without metabolic activation by Aroclor induced
Fischer rat liver microsomes. Very often, when the
amount of available test article was limited, only one or
two tester strains (TA98, TA100) were used. The re-
sulting mutagenicity data was sent to the Data Man-
agement Branch of the EPA's Biometry Division in
RTP in North Carolina where it was entered into a com-
puterized data base and was statistically analyzed
using the method of Stead, et al (1,2).
Keywords: "Bioassay, "Exhaust emissions, "Organic
compounds, "Air polfution, "Biological extracts, "Parti-
cles, Microorganisms, Mutagens, Toxicity, Public
health, Salmonella, Laboratory animals, Malignant
neoplasms, Solvent extraction, Gasoline, "Ames test,
"Biological indicators, Diesel engine exhaust, Cancer,
Soxhlet extraction, Light duty vehicles.
PB84-232487/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Determination of the Thermal Decomposition
Properties of 20 Selected Hazardous Organic
Compounds. Research rept.,
Dayton Univ., OH. Research Inst.
B. Dellinger, J. L. Torres, W. A. Rubey, D. L. Hall, and J.
L. Graham. Aug 84,204p* EPA/600/2-84/138
Grant EPA-R-807815
Laboratory determined thermal decomposition profiles
and kinetic data for a list of 20 selected hazardous or-
ganic compounds are reported. All data were obtained
in flowing air at mean gas-phase, high-temperature
zone residence times ranging from one to six seconds.
The extrapolated temperatures required for 99.99%
destruction of the parent compound at two seconds
mean residence time, T(99.99)(2), ranged from 600C
for 1,1,1-trichloroethane to 950C for acetonitrile. The
process and parameters potentially controlling inciner-
ation efficiency are discussed, and four previously pro-
posed methods of ranking compound incinerability are
critically reviewed.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Organic com-
pounds, "Pyrolysis, Laboratory equipment, Thermody-
namic properties, Incinerators, Temperature, Solid
waste disposal, Ranking, Ethane/trichloro.
PB84-232495/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Toxicity Treatability of Iron and Steel Plant
Wastewaters: A Resource Document. Final rept.
Apr 82-Aug 83,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
B. H. Carpenter, M. R. Branscome, C. W. Westbrook,
W. F. Gutknecht, and A. Gaskill. Aug 84,115p EPA-
600/2-84-137
Contract EPA-68-02-3125
The report gives results of an assessment of the toxici-
ty treatability of wastewaters from eight steelmaking
subcategories, all considered assessable under the
somewhat low production levels of the study period.
Tests were conducted using prescribed procedures for
conventional water contaminants, toxic organics, and
static bioassay. Samples were collected before and
after units of the wastewater treatment systems. All
tests were done under the auspices of a quality assur-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ance program. Efforts were made to ensure represent-
ativeness of all samples; e.g., if the production facilities
were operating only one turn, samples were collected
only during that turn. Results show the relative toxicity
and variability of wastewaters from the different manu-
facturing subcategories and the reductions in toxicity.
Relationships between pollutant content and toxicity
are examined with cognizance of the possible site
uniqueness of the data.
Keywords: "Iron and steel industry, "Water pollution
control, "Toxicity, Assessments, Industrial waste treat-
ment, Quality assurance, Sampling, Bioassay.
PB84-232503/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Status of Dry S02 Control Systems: Fall 1983.
Final rept. Aug 83-Jul 84,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. A. Palazzolo, and M. A. Baviello. Aug 84,146p EPA-
600/7-84-086
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
See also PB83-247585.
The report, on the status of dry S02 control for utility
and industrial boilers in the U.S., reviews curent and re-
cently completed research, development, and com-
mercial activities. Dry S02 control systems covered in-
clude: (1) spray dryers with a fabric filter or an electro-
static precipitator (ESP), (2) dry injection of alkaline
material into flue gas accompanied by collection of
product solids and fly ash in a fabric filter or an ESP,
and (3) electron-beam (E-beam) irradiation. Spray
drying and dry injection systems generally include a
fabric filter or an ESP and control S02 and particulate
matter simultaneously; E-beam technology is designed
to also control NOx. Spray drying continues to be the
only technology commercially applied to utility and in-
dustrial boilers. The two new utility systems sold since
the last status report (Fall 1982) bring the total utility
spray drying flue gas desulfurization (FGD) capacity to
about 7200 MWe. Also, 10 recently sold new industrial
units bring the total of commercial industrial boiler unit
sales to 21. Performance data for five utility systems
and three industrial systems were recently published.
Some full-scale systems that have come on-line since
the last survey have experienced atomization prob-
lems and solids buildup on the dryer walls during initial
operation. The first trona dry injection application has
been announced for a 500 MWe unit.
Keywords: "Sulfur dioxide, "Air pollution control equip-
ment, Nitrogen oxides, Particles, Industrial wastes.
Combustion products, Electrostatic precipitators,
Sprayers, Spray drying, Irradiation, Electron beams, In-
jection, Performance evaluation, Air filters, Design cri-
teria, "Dry method, Fabric filters.
PB84-232511/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Evaluation of Turbidlmetrlc Methods for Monitor-
ing of Asbestos Fibers In Water. Final rept. Sep 82-
Sep 83.
Ontario Research Foundation, Mississauga.
E. J. Chatfield, M. J. Dillon, and W. R. Stott. Aug 84,
88p EPA/600/4-84/071
Contract EPA-68-03-3147
A commercially available turbidimeter, modified by the
addition of a magnet, was evaluated for the measure-
ment of asbestos in water. The instrument was used to
measure the turbidities of asbestos fiber dispersions in
non-boiling still water, as functions of both mass and
numerical fiber concentrations, for crocidolite, amosite
and chrysotile. Results showed that, for well-charac-
terized water sources, the turbidimeter could be used
for routine monitoring of amphibole asbestos fibers at
the 1 million fibers per liter (MFL) level, if a simple pre-
concentration step was included. Additional modifica-
tions would be required before the detection level
could be reduced to make the technique useful for
monitoring of chrysotile at the 1 MFL level.
Keywords: "Water analysis, "Asbestos, "Turbidi-
meters, Turbidity, Concentration(Composition), Ser-
pentine Performance evaluation, Revisions, Design
criteria, Fibers, Water pollution, Chemical analysis,
"Water pollution detection.
PB84-232537/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
202 Vol. 90, No. 24
Evaluation of the Pollution Episodic Model Using
the Raps Data. Final rept. Oct 82-Feb 84,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Oak Ridge, TN. Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion
Div.
W. R. Pendergrass, and K. S. Rao. Aug 84,71 p EPA-
600/3-84/087
This report describes an evaluation of the Pollution Ep-
isodic Model (PEM) using the St. Louis Regional Air
Pollution Study (RAPS) data. This evaluation is de-
signed to test the performance of the model by com-
paring its concentration estimates to the measured air
quality data, using appropriate statistical measures.
Twenty days, ten summer and ten winter, are selected
from the RAPS data base for the PEM evaluation. The
model's performance is judged by comparing the cal-
culated 12-hour average concentrations with the cor-
responding observed values for five pollutant species,
namely, S02, fine and coarse sulfates, and fine and
coarse total mass. A first-order chemical transforma-
tion of S02 to fine sulfate is considered in the calcula-
tions in addition to the direct emission and dry deposi-
tion of all five pollutants. The model domain, covering
125 x 125 km with a 50 x 50 receptor grid, includes 286
point sources and 36 area sources in the greater St.
Louis urban area. Hourly meteorological data and de-
tailed emission inventories for the five pollutants are
used as inputs to the model. For the twenty PEM eval-
uation days, PEM predicted average concentrations of
S02, and fine and coarse sulfates to within a factor of
two. The model overpredicted the average concentra-
tions of fine and coarse total mass by a factor of three
to four over the evaluation period. This is attributed pri-
marily to overestimation of emission rates and incor-
rect location of area sources, which dominate the fine
and coarse total mass emissions.
Keywords: "Mathematical models, "Air pollution, Per-
formance evaluation, Sulfur dioxide, Statistical analy-
sis, Sulfates, Concentration(Composition), Urban
areas, Comparison, Reaction kinetics, Fine, Mass,
"Pollution episodic model, "Air quality data, Saint
Louis(Missouri).
PB84-232545/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Spatial and Temporal Interpolation of Neros Radi-
osonde Winds. Final rept.,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
O. R. Bullock, Jr. Aug 84, 93p EPA-600-3/84-086
This research program was initiated with the overall
objective of determining a most appropriate numerical
method for the spatial and temporal analysis of free at-
mospheric, radiosonde derived, wind observations for
the NEROS pollutant transport model. The analysis
was to be performed by automated data processing
under certain restrictions in computation time and stor-
age area. Previously developed methods of spatial and
temporal data analysis were reviewed and their appli-
cability to the NEROS effort were evaluated. Evalua-
tion was based on tests with actual radiosonde data
and with data sets produced through numerical model
initialization procedures. In all cases, the desired result
was a 7 by 6 grid of wind vectors in latitude-longitude
space, for every hour during a three day test period.
Optimization of applicable spatial analysis schemes
was completed and error statistics were calculated
based on agreement between analysed grids and ob-
served or computed data at various locations within
the NEROS test region. Linear and curvilinear time in-
terpolation methods were tested by applying them to
data points before the spatial analysis, and by applying
them to grid point values produced by previous spatial
analyses.
Keywords: "Wind(Meteorology), "Spatial distribution,
"Air pollution. Radiosondes, Interpolation, Wind direc-
tion, Mathematical models, Vorticity, Divergence,
Height, "NEROS model, Computer applications.
PB84-232S60/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Use of Short-Term Bioassays to Evaluate Environ-
mental Impact of Land Treatment of Hazardous
Industrial Waste. Final rept. 1 Sep 80-30 Nov 83,
Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Sta-
tion.
K. W. Brown, K. C. Donnelly, and J. C. Thomas. Aug
84,386p EPA/600/2-84/135
Grant EPA-R-807701
A four phase study was conducted to evaluate utility o1
short-term bioassays in monitoring environmental
impact of land treatment of hazardous waste. During
phase one, three microbial bioassays were conducted
to define chronic toxic potential of each waste select-
ed for study. Acid, base, and neutral fractions of each
of three wastes studied induced genetic damage in at
least two of the three bioassays. Phase two was con-
ducted to evaluate efficiencies of blender and soxhlet
extraction procedures, as well as potential interactions
between known mutagens and soil components. Re-
sults indicate that there was no appreciable difference
in mutagenicity of the extract using either procedure.
Using the blender procedure extraction efficiency for
pure compounds added to soil averaged greater than
85%, as measured by High Pressure Liquid Chroma-
tography. Phase three consisted of a greenhouse
study in which each of three wastes was applied to two
soils. Results from chemical analyses indicate that
waste constituents were degraded in soil during a 360
or 340 day interval. Increased mutagenic activity was
exhibited in some soil and water extracts during this
same interval. When compared on an equivalent
volume basis, however, mutagenic potential of waste-
amended soils was reduced over time and, in some
cases, was reduced to a non-mutagenic level. Wood-
preserving bottom sediment was applied to barrel-
sized lysimeters in the final project phase to compare
results of soil-core and soil-pore liquid monitoring. Dif-
ferent types of compounds were detected in soil-core
and soil pore liquid samples.
Keywords: "Environmental impacts, "Hazardous ma-
terials, "Solid waste disposal, "Bioassay, "Industrial
wastes, Soil analysis, Mutagens, Chemical analysis,
Toxicity, Extraction, Chromatographic analysis, "Land
disposal, "Toxic substances, High pressure liquid
chromatography.
PB84-232602/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstration of Pesticide
Products Containing Carbaryl As the Active Ingre-
dient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Mar 84,330p EPA/540/RS-84/004
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Standards, "Guidelines, Ge-
netics, Packaging, Labels, Marking, Hazardous materi-
als, Agricultural products, Manufacturing, Public
health, Regulations, Tables(Data), Carbamates, "Re-
registration, 'Carbaryl, Federal Insecticide Fungicide
and Rodenticide Act, Carbamic acid/N-methyl-
(naphthyl-ester).
PB84-232610/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Polychlorinated Blphenyl Transport in Coastal
Marine Foodwebs,
New York Univ. Medical Center, NY. Inst, of Environ-
mental Medicine.
J. M. O'Connor. Aug 84,117p EPA/600/3-84/083
Grant EPA-R-808006
The extent to which polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
may be assimilated into fish from dietary sources was
studied by providing known doses of PCBs (as Aroclor
1254 in food) to striped bass and analyzing cross-gut
transport, tissue distribution and elimination. Assimila-
tion and elimination data from single and multiple
doses for whole fish were used to calculate rate-con-
stants for PCB accumulation (k(a)) and elimination
(k(e)) according to one-compartment pharmacokinetic
models. The data from analysis of individual tissues
were used to calculate ka and ke for individual tissue
compartments. The major conclusions from the study
are that PCBs in food represent a major source of PCS
to fish (up to 80% of total body burdens). The PCBs
obtained from food cause a rapid approach to steady
state, but are eliminated slowly with a half-time of
about 120 hr. More than 85% of the PCB ingested with
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
model showed that PCB burdens in striped bass ex-
posed to food containing different concentrations of
PCB will decline slowly when levels in food decline, but
increase rapidly (90% plateau reached in 9 doses)
when levels in food increase. Preliminary verification
studies support the pharmacokinetic model for PCB
accumulation in striped bass with food as the major
source.
Keywords: 'Transport properties, 'Food chains, 'En-
vironmental surveys, Marine atmospheres, 'Water
pollution, 'Fishes, Coasts, Chlorine organic com-
?ounds, Sources, Mathematical models, Ecology,
oxicology, "Polychlorinated biphenyls, "Water pollu-
tion effects(Animals), Bioaccumulation, Aroclor 1254,
Pharmacokinetics, Path of pollutants.
PB84-232628/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.- Cincinnati,
OH.
Process Design Manual for Stripping of Organics,
Water General Corp., Waltham, MA.
H. M. Shukla, and R. E. Hicks. Aug 84,149p EPA/600/
2-84/139
Contract EPA-68-03-3002
Procedures and correlations tor designing and costing
stripping towers for the removal of organics from aque-
ous streams are presented. The emphasis is on practi-
cal methods suitable for engineering estimates. The
designs cover steam strippers with and without con-
densers and reflux, as well as air stripping. Steam
stripping is treated as an isothermal process and sim-
plified equations for the determination of tower height
may be used. Determination of the height of adiabatic
air strippers involves a tedious, iterative solution of
heat and material balances. A BASIC computer pro-
gram for carrying out these calculations is provided.
Capital costs are determined, essentially, by estimat-
ing the quantity of materials required in conjunction
with material costs. Cost factors for a range of materi-
als and installation factors are suggested. Methods for
costing ancillary equipment such as heat exchangers,
pumps, compressors, and storage vessels are includ-
ed. It is recommended that vendor quotes be obtained
wherever possible. Typical operating costs for energy
and maintenance are also given.
Keywords: 'Strippers, "Organic compounds, 'Manu-
als, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Industrial
waste treatment, Cost analysis, Separators, Operating
costs, Water pollution, 'Water pollution control equip-
ment.
PB84-232636/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Analysis and Characterization of Organic Carbon
Compounds In Atmospheric Particulate Matter.
Final rept,,
Arizona Univ., Tucson. Dept. of Chemistry.
H. Preiser, and J. L. Moyers. Aug 84, 73p EPA/600/3-
84/084
Grant EPA-R-805427
A novel macroporous polymer material (Shodex) was
evaluated as a stationary phase in liquid chromatogra-
phy for the separation of a wide variety of aliphatic, ox-
ygenates and polynuclear aromatic compounds using
a variety of solvents. Fundamental studies were per-
formed that determined the chromatographic proper-
ties of this new macroporous polymer packing, in addi-
tion to the evaluation of this stationary phase packing
material, a reversed phase ion partition chromatogra-
phy procedure was developed by which, through the
use of methylene blue, a highly sensitive method for
determining sub-microgram quantities of alcohols was
developed. Analytical methods to measure the organic
and total carbon content of ambient particulate matter
collected on Teflon and quartz filters were also inter-
compared. Estimation of the soot or light absorbing
carbon collected on Teflon and quartz filters by use of
light absorption methods (light transmission and pho-
toacoustic) compared favorably with the combustion
procedure used to measure soot carbon.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Chemical analysis, 'Air pollu-
tion, 'Organic compounds, Chromatographic analysis,
Solvent extraction, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons,
Solubility, Sampling, Separation, Polymers, Packing
materials, 'Air pollution detection, Liquid chromatogra-
phy, Shodex.
PB84-2326S1 /HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Regional-Scale (1000 KM) Model of Photochemi-
cal Air Pollution. Part 2. Input Processor Network
Design,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
R. G. Lamb. Aug 84,312p EPA/600/3-84/085
Detailed specifications are given for a network of data
processors and submodels that can generate the pa-
rameter fields required by the regional oxidant model
formulated in Part 1 of this report. Operations per-
formed by the processor network include simulation of
the motion and depth of the nighttime radiation inver-
sion layer; simulation of the depth of the convective
mixed and cloud layers; estimation of the synoptic-
scale vertical motion fields; generation of ensembles
of layer-averaged horizontal winds; calculation of verti-
cal turbulence fluxes, pollutant deposition velocities,
parameters for a subgrid-scale concentration fluctua-
tion parameterization scheme; and many other func-
tions. This network of processors and submodels, in
combination with the core model developed in Part 1,
represent the EPA's first-generation regional oxidant
model.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Air pollution,
"Photochemistry, 'Oxidizers, 'Central processing
units, Wind(Meteorology), Input output routines,
Concentration(Composition), 'Network analysis, Com-
puter applications.
PB84-232685	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park. NC.
Experimental Pulmonary Emphysema Induced in
the Rat by Intratracheally Administered Elastaae:
Morphogenesis. Journal article,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
R. H. Busch, K. E. Lauhala, S. M. Loscutoff, and K. E.
McDonald. C1984,19p EPA/600/J-84/067
Pub. in Environmental Research 33, p497-5131984.
Emphysema was produced experimentally in rats by
administration of porcine pancreatic elastase at dose
levels of 75, 100,125, and 150 units elastase activity/
100 g body wt. All doses studied were equally effective
in producing emphysema. Dose levels of over 75 units
activity/100 g offered no advantage in terms of degree
or severity of emphysema produced; however, such
doses exacerbated hemorrhage and edema, resulting
in relatively high post-instillation mortality. Lesion mor-
phogenesis at all doses tested paralleled those de-
scribed in this and in other species by other investiga-
tors. The 75-unit activity produced a quantifiable
degree of emphysema which was relatively constant
among animals. Results suggest that because of
group differences in susceptibility to elastase (or vari-
ations in batches of elastase), dose-range studies
should be performed on each new group of animals.
Keywords: 'Respiratory diseases, 'Emphysema, 'Pul-
monary emphysema, Rats, Laboratory animals,
Dosage, Toxicity, Reprints, 'Elastase, Morphogenesis.
PB84-232693	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Uptake, Translocation and Release of Phosphorus
by 'Elodea densa'. Journal article,
Washington Univ., Seattle. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
J. O. Gabrielson, M. A. Perkins, and E. B. Welch.
C1984,8p EPA/600/J-84/071
Grant EPA-R-804458
Pub. in Hydrobiologia III, p43-48 1984.
Short-term (16h) laboratory studies of 32p uptake by
Elodea densa rooted in sediment demonstrated both
foliar and root uptake, and that translocation occurred
acropetally and basipetally. Root absorption is project-
ed to provide 83-85% of total phosphorus uptake
during 12-16th photoperiod days. Measured foliar
uptake and excretion rates suggest that there would
be no net leakage of phosphorus into the water by un-
damaged actively-growing E. densa. Foliar uptake de-
creased and root uptake increased in the dark relative
to rates under light. (Copyright (c) Dr W. Junk Publish-
ers, The Hague. Printed in the Netherlands.)
Keywords: 'Phosphorus, 'Aquatic plants, 'Plant nutri-
tion, Adsorption, Photoperiodism, Leakage, Growth,
Plant tissues(Biology), Plant physiology, Reprints,
'Foreign technology, 'Elodea densa. Roots.
PB84-232701/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Mass Balance Modeling of Heavy Metals in Sagi-
naw Bay, Lake Huron. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
D. M. Dolan, and V. J. Bierman, Jr. 1982,21 p EPA/
600/J-82/435
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research, v8 n4 p676-694
1982.
During the period 1976-1978, a study of hazardous
materials in Saginaw Bay was conducted. This study
included the fate and distribution of cadmium, copper,
lead, and zinc in the bay. A spatially segmented, dy-
namic mass balance model was developed to describe
concentrations of metals and suspended solids in the
water column and in the sediments. A wind-driven re-
suspension mechanism was used to describe the sedi-
ment-water interactions. The distribution of metals in
the water column was determined by equilibrium parti-
tioning between the ambient suspended solids and the
dissolved phase. Model output was calibrated to field
data for the principal variables. Independent validation
was obtained by comparing partition coefficients from
the calibration to those calculated directly from the
field observations. It was found that suspended solids
were important in controlling the water column con-
centrations of the metals.
Keywords: 'Metals, "Sediments, 'Water pollution,
'Lake Huron, Saginaw Bay, Distribution(Property),
Concentration(Composition), Cadmium, Copper,
Lead(Metal), Zinc, Mathematical models, Adsorption,
Dispersing, Advection, Reprints, "Heavy metals,
'Sediment water interactions, Suspended solids.
PB84-232719	Not available NTIS
Keratlnocyte Cell-Mediated Mutagenesis Assay:
Correlatlon with In vivo Tumor Studies. Journal ar-
ticle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. J. Reiners, Jr., L. P. Yotti, C. K. McKeown, S.
Nesnow, and T. J. Slaga. C1983,8p EPA/600/J-83/
228
Prepared in cooperation with Tennessee Univ., Oak
Ridge, and Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
Pub. in Carcinogenesis, v4 n3 p321-3261983.
A murine keratinocyte cell-mediated mutagenesis
assay was characterized and examined as an in vitro
model system for studying the biotransformation of
promutagens/procarcinogens by mouse skin. The
assay used living cultured newborn SENCAR keratino-
cytes for the metabolic activation of promutagens and
Chinese hamster lung V-79 fibroblasts for detection of
resulting mutagens. Mutations at, or affecting, the hy-
poxanthineguanine phosphoribosyltransferease locus
were scored by resistance to 6-thioguanine. The rela-
tive mutagenicities of several polycyclic aromatic hy-
drocarbons (PAHs) in the cell-mediated assay correlat-
ed with the in vivo skin tumorigenicity of the PAHs de-
termined in a two-stage carcinogenesis protocol.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, In vivo analysis, Neoplasms,
Reprints, 'Mutagenesis, 'Keratinocytes, Cell mediat-
ed analysis.
PB84-232727	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Environmental Toxins and Behavioral Develop-
ment: A New Role for Psychological Research.
Journal article,
Maryland Univ., College Park.
G. G. Fein, P. M. Schwartz, S. W. Jacobson, and J. L.
Jacobson. C1983,12p EPA/600/J-83/231
Grant EPA-R-808520
Prepared in cooperation with Michigan Univ., Ann
Arbor and Wayne State Univ., Detroit, Ml.
Pub. in American Psychologist, v38 n11 p1188-1197
Nov 83.
Childhood exposure to chemicals routinely encoun-
tered in the environment has become an issue of sci-
entific and public concern. Recent research has re-
vealed the inadequacy of traditional notions in which
chemically induced illness was likened to overt biologi-
cal disease. The new multiple-effects model empha-
sizes subtle behavioral alteration as an early sign of
toxicity and as evidence that a particular chemical
agent may produce long-term impairment In suscepti-
ble individuals. Moreover, the permeability of the pla-
centa to a variety of chemical agents and the special
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sensitivity of the fetus to some of these agents draws
attention to prenatal exposure and the need for pro-
spective longitudinal studies of affective, social, and
cognitive development in exposed individuals. The
multiple-effects model provides an important new role
for the psychologist in teratological diagnosis and re-
search since the measurement of behavioral variation
has developed primarily in our discipline. Limitations
inherent in both experimental animal research and cor-
relational human studies of toxic effects make it nec-
essary for these methodologies to be used in a com-
plementary fashion. The implications of behavioral ter-
atology for the study of human development and the
design of protective social policies are also discussed.
(Copyright (c) by the American Psychological Associa-
tion, Inc. 1983.)
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Environmental
surveys, "Human behavior, "Human factors engineer-
ing, Toxicity, Exposure, Assessments, Psychological
effects, Laboratory animals, Reprints, "Toxic sub-
stances.
PB84-232883/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Reactivity/Volatility Classification of Selected Or-
ganic Chemicals: Existing Data. Interim rept.,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
H. B. Singh, H. M. Jaber, and J. E. Davenport. Auq 84
190p EPA/600/3-84/082
This study deals with the reactivity/volatility classifica-
tion of some 118 organic chemicals specified by the U
S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The classi-
fication system has been developed based on existing
and available information. It was clear at the outset
that little or no experimental data were available for a
significant fraction of these chemicals. In such cases
we relied heavily on our ability to make valid predic-
tions, based on sound physico-chemical principles. As
requested by EPA, a three-tiered individual, as well as
composite, classification scheme of the reactivity and
volatility of these 118 chemicals was developed. The
three-tiered classification system was conceived as
follows: Class I (26 chemicals): These chemicals are
sufficiently nonvolatile or unreactive so that they may
not participate in photochemical smog formation;
Class II (17 chemicals): Chemicals that are borderline
cases, or for which available data are inadequate to
draw definitive conclusions; Class III (75 chemicals):
These chemicals are both reactive and volatile, and
can participate in processes of smog formation. Be-
cause of extensive shortcomings in existing informa-
tion a number of recommendations were made to
bridge current information gaps.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Chemical reactions,
"Volatility, "Classification, "Air pollution control, Reac-
tion kinetics. Physical properties. Smog, Oxidation,
Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition), "Volatile
organic compounds.
PB84-232990/HSU	CP T05
Mathematical Model of Electrostatic Precipitation
(Revision 3): Source Code. Model-Simulation,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
M. G. Faulkner, J. L. DuBard, and A. A. Henry. 1984,
mag tape EPA/600/7-84/069C, EPA/DF-84/054
Supersedes PB-286 349.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. Tapes can
be prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording
modes for one-half inch tape. Identify recording mode
desired by specifying character set, track, density, and
parity. Call NTIS Computer Products if you have ques-
tions. Price includes documentation, PB84-212679
and PB84-212687.
This tape contains the source code (FORTRAN) for
Revision 3 of the Mathematical Model of Electrostatic
Precipitation. Improvements found in Revision 3 of the
model include a new method of calculating the solu-
tions to the electric field equations, a dynamic method
for calculating effluent opacity, and a routine which
checks the input data. Revision 3 of the model per-
forms efficiency calculations in approximately 10% of
the time required by Revision 1. Revision 3 provides
options to use input data expressed entirely in the
metric system, to terminate the calculation after the
calculation of V-l curves, and to use an internal data
set to estimate precipitator efficiency based on the re-
sistivity of the collected dust...Software Description:
The program is written in the FORTRAN programming
language for implementation on a Digital Equipment
Corp. 2020 computer using the TOPS-20 operating
system. 253K bytes of core storage are required to op-
erate the model.
Keywords: "Models-simulation, "Electrostatic precipi-
tators, "Air pollution control equipment, Mathematical
models, Fortran, Performance evaluation, Electric
fields, Dust collector, Magnetic tapes.
PB84-233246	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Ammonium Sulfate Aerosol Exposure
on Lung Structure of Normal and Elastase-lm-
palred Rats and Guinea Pigs. Journal article,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
R. H. Busch, R. L. Buschbom, W. C. Cannon, K. E.
Lauhala, and F. J. Miller. C1984,22p EPA/600/J-84/
068
Pub. in Environmental Research 33, p454-472 1984.
Rats and guinea pigs, pretreated with intratracheally
administered elastase or saline, were exposed to 1.03
mg/cu. m.(NH4)2S04. Identically treated controls
were sham exposed. Measurements and evaluation of
structural changes were conducted using morphome-
tric techniques on SEM photographs and by applying
subjective ratings. Pathology studies were conducted
by light and electron microscopy. All examination
methods confirmed elastase-induced emphysema,
which was aggravated by (NH4)2S04 exposure in the
rat. Ammonium sulfate exposure of saline-treated ani-
mals produced measurable degrees of enlargement of
alveoli, and alveolar ducts and sacs.
Keywords: "Ammonium, "Lung, Emphysema, Rats,
Guinea pigs, Laboratory animals, Aerosols, Morpholo-
gy, Reprints.
PB84-2332S3	Not available NTIS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Prediction of Phosphate Movement through Some
Selected Soils. Journal article,
Norsk Inst, for Skogforskning, Aas.
A. O. Stuanes, and C. G. Enfield. C1984,6p EPA/600/
J-84/070
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality, v13 n2 p317-320
1984.
The P sorption capacity of soils must be evaluated at
land application wastewater sites when water quality
criteria control the design of the treatment system. The
soil's capacity to react with P is often underestimated
when equilibrium isotherms are used to describe P
sorption. An analytical one-dimensional convective
disperive solute transport model, assuming linear sorp-
tion and first-order irreversible precipitation, was evalu-
ated to describe the movement of P in small laboratory
columns. The model was calibrated to experimental
data using nonlinear least squares analysis. The length
of the column did not make a significant difference in
the model coefficients. This finding suggests that the
approximation of a linear sorption isotherm with first-
order irreversible precipitation is adequate for making
environmental assessments at land-treatment sys-
tems. Application of the model to the design of a land-
treatment system would permit approximating a
system life considering wastewater application rate,
concentration of P in the applied water, and travel dis-
tance through the soil profile prior to discharge. Experi-
mental data fit to a Langmuir equation using the same
soils were found to seriously underestimate the capac-
ity of soil to react with P. The same data fit to a Freund-
lich or other equilibrium isotherm would yield similar re-
sults. it was concluded that use of equilibrium isoth-
erms without considering the kinetics of the reactions
will lead to overly conservative designs of land applica-
tion of wastewater treatment systems.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Water quality,
"Industrial waste treatment, "Phosphoric acids, Sorp-
tion, Isotherms, Transport properties, Soils, Kinetics,
Laboratory equipment, Environmental surveys,
Design, Reprints, "Land disposal.
PB84-233261	Not available NTIS
Photodecomposltion of a Commercial Polybro-
mlnated Blphenyl Fire Retardant: High-Resolution
Gas Chromatographic Analysis. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
L. W. Robertson, B. Chittim, S. H. Safe, M. D. Mullin,
andC. M. Pochini. C1983,8p EPA/600/J-83/230
Prepared in cooperation with Texas A and M Univ.,
College Station.
Pub. in Jnl. of Agricultural Food Chemistry, v31 n2
p454-457 1983.
The photolytic degradation of fireMaster BP-6, a com-
mercial polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) fire retardant,
was investigated by using high-resolution, isomer-spe-
cific, fused silica capillary gas chromatography. During
photolysis the more highly brominated PBB congeners
diminished in concentration, while those possessing
three, four, or five bromines per biphenyl increased,
consistent with a reductive dehalogenation pathway!
Unlike the photolysis of single cogeners, a preferential
toss of ortho bromines was not found. Those PBBs
which have been identified as the most toxic (i.e.,
those containing no ortho bromines) did, nevertheless!
increase approximately 4-fold, and this increase may
explain the enhanced toxicity of photolyzed fireMaster
BP-6. (Copyright (c) by the American Chemical Socie-
ty, 1983.)
Keywords: "Fire resistant coatings, "Photolysis,
"Chemical analysis, Bromine organic compounds, Gas
chromatography, Toxicity, Air pollution, Reprints, "Po-
lybrominated biphenyls, "High resolution gas chroma-
tography.
PB84-233279	Not available NTIS
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Lateral Turbulence Intensity and Plume Meander-
ing during Stable Conditions. Journal article.
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Con-
cord, MA.
S. R. Hanna. c1983,11 p EPA/600/J-83/232
Contract EPA-68-02-3421
Pub. in Jnl. of Climate and Applied Meteorology, v22
n8 p1424-1430 1983.
There is much evidence in the literature for the pres-
ence of mesoscale lateral meanders in the stable
nighttime boundary layer. These meanders result in
relatively high lateral turbulence intensities and diffu-
sion rates when averaged over an hour. Anemometer
data from 17 overnight experiments at Cinder Cone
Butte in Idaho are analyzed to show that the dominant
period of the mesoscale meanders is about two hours.
Lidar cross-sections of tracer plumes from these same
experiments show that the hourly average (sigma sub
y) is often dominated by meandering. Since meander-
ing is not always observed for given meteorological
conditions, it is suggested that nighttime diffusion
cannot be accurately predicted without using onsite
observations of wind fluctuations. In case no turbu-
lence data are available, an empirical formula is sug-
gested that predicts the hourly average lateral turbu-
lence intensity as a function of wind speed and hour-
to-hour variations in wind direction. (Copyright (c) 1983
American Meteorological Society.)
Keywords: "Atmospheric diffusion, Time series analy-
sis, Wind velocity, Cinder Cone Butte, Turbulence,
Plumes, Night, Idaho, Reprints, Atmospheric boundary
layer.
PB84-233287/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
New and Revised Chemical Fate Test Guideline*,
October 1984. Annual rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Oct 84,322p EPA/560/6-84/003
See also PB83-257717.
These documents constitute a set of 2 new chemical
fate test guidelines and support documents that will be
added to the chemical fate test guidelines and support
documents that had been published by NTIS in Octo-
ber, 1982. There is also a major revision of one test
guideline and support document and minor revisions of
4 test guidelines and support documents that had ap-
peared in the October, 1982 publication. These revi-
sions were made in response to public comments.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Guidelines, "Chemical tests
Chemical analysis, Chemical compounds. Chromato-
graphic analysis, Partition coefficient, Octanol, Water
Environmental surveys, Photolysis, Sunlight, Photo-
chemistry, Solutions, Laboratory equipment, Chemical
compounds, "Toxic substances, Toxic Substances
Control Act, Public Law 94-469, Path of pollutants
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB84-233295/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
New and Revised Health Effects Test Guidelines,
October 1984. Annual rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Oct 84, 89p EPA/560/6-84/002
See also PB83-257691.
These documents constitute a set of 2 new health ef-
fects test guidelines as well as 3 existing health effects
test guidelines that had been subjected to major revi-
sion. These will be added to (new guidelines) and
serve as substitutes for (revised guidelines) the health
effects test guidelines published by NTIS in October,
1982.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, "Guidelines, 'Chemical tests,
Bioassay, Exposure, Tissues(Biology), Dermatology,
Mutagens, Chromosomes, Deoxyribonucleic acid,
Dosage, Environmental surveys, Metabolism, 'Toxic
substances, Toxic Substances Control Act, Mutagene-
sis, Neurotoxicity, Public Law 94-469.
PB84-233410	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Seed Protein Quantities of Field-Grown Soybeans
Exposed to Simulated Acidic Rain. Journal article,
Manhattan Coll., Bronx, NY.
L. S. Evans, L. Dimitriadis, and D. H. Hinkley. c1984,8p
EPA/600/J-84/074
Prepared in cooperation with Brookhaven National
Lab., Upton, NY.
Pub. in New Phytologist 97, p71 -761984.
Analysis of seeds harvested from field-grown soy-
beans demonstrated that simulated acidic rainfalls
from two experimental protocols can significantly de-
crease total protein contents of soybeans. Statistically
significant differences in protein content per seed
mass were obtained in three of four experiments at the
field site. Mean protein contents of control plants for
the three experiments reported herein were 33-0,39-3
and 43-6% and were comparable to protein yields ob-
tained by commercial growers. When results were ex-
pressed as protein content per seed mass the
changes were independent of reduction in seed mass
per plant due to increased rainfall acidity. When results
were expressed as protein contents per plant, de-
creases in protein of 20% were common in plants ex-
posed to rainfalls similar to ambient (pH 4-1) compared
with experimental controls (pH 5-6). (Copyright (c)
1984 The New Phytologist.)
Keywords: "Soybeans, "Proteins, "Acidity,
'Precipitation(Meteorology), Seeds, Field tests, Yield,
Rainfall, Simulation, pH, Tables(Data), Reprints, 'Acid
precipitation.
PB84-233428	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Metal Speclatlon by Donnan Dialysis. Journal arti-
cle.
Southern Illinois Univ., Carbondale.
J. A. Cox, K. Slonawska, D. K. Gatchell, and A. G.
Hiebert. C1984,6p EPA/600/J-84/072
Grant EPA-R-809397
Prepared in cooperation with Knox Coll., Galesburg, IL.
Dept. of Chemistry.
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v56 n4 p650-6531984.
In Donnan dialysis aqueous samples are separated
from receiver electrolytes by an ion exchange mem-
brane. The present work demonstrates that the dialy-
sis of metals into salt solutions occurs in proportion to
the sum of the concentrations of the free metal and the
metal held in the form of labile complexes; however,
with strongly acidic or chelating receivers, the dialysis
occurs in proportion to the total soluble metal. Hence,
Donnan dialysis provides the basis for a rapid estima-
tion of the total soluble (i.e., free plus labile com-
plexed) metal and nonlabile-complexed metal. The
method is demonstrated with Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd com-
plexes of glycine, humic acid, and nitrilotriacetic acid
and is applied to a lake water sample. The results are
compared to values obtained from an established ap-
proach that utilizes stripping voltammetry and separa-
tions with a chelating ion exchange resin.
Keywords: 'Dialysis, "Chemical analysis, 'Water qual-
ity, 'Metals, Ion exchanging, Chromatographics! anal-
ysis, Sampling, Concentration(Composltion), Lakes,
Cadmium, Copper, Lead(Metal), Zinc, Separation, Re-
prints, 'Donnan dialysis, 'Water pollution detection,
Voltammetry.
PB84-233436/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Ultraviolet-B Radiation on Plants during
Mild Water Stress. Effects on Photosynthetic Re-
covery and Growth In Soybean. Journal article,
Maryland Univ., College Park.
A. H. Teramura, M. C. Perry, J. Lydon, M. S. Mcintosh,
and E. G. Summers. 1984,11 p EPA/600/J-84/073
Pub. in Physiologia Plantarum 60, p484-492 1984. See
also PB84-102524.
Soybean was grown from seed in a greenhouse under
ultraviolet-B (UV-B, 280-320 nm) radiation supplied by
filtered FS-40 sunlamps. On a weighted, total daily
dose basis these plants received either 0 (control) or
2875 effective J m-2 day-1 UV-BBE. When weighted
with the generalized plant action spectrum, this simu-
lated the solar ultraviolet-B irradiance expected to
occur at College Park, Maryland, USA (39 degrees N)
in the event the global stratospheric ozone column is
reduced by 23%. The effects of ultraviolet radiation on
the photosynthetic recovery from water stress were
measured with an infrared gas analyzer. These effects
were examined in plants which were either well-wa-
tered or previously preconditioned to water stress,
during two distinct phenological stages of develop-
ment.
Keywords: 'Radiation effects, 'Plants(Botany), 'Pho-
tosynthesis, Growth, Leguminous plants, Dosage, Ul-
traviolet radiation, Stress(Physiology), Reprints, "Soy-
bean plants.
PB84-233444/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Mutagenicity of 1-Nitropyrene Metabolites from
Lung S9. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. C. King, M. J. Kohan, L. M. Ball, and J. Lewtas. 1984,
9p EPA/600/J-84/069
Pub. in Cancer Letters 22, p255-262 1984.
The mutagenicity of 1-nitropyrene metabolites from
rabbit lung S9 incubates was evaluated using the Sal-
monella typhimurium plate incorporation assay with
strain TA98, with and without Aroclor-induced rat liver
S9. The following metabolites were isolated, identified
and quantitated by HPLC: 1-nitropyrene -4,5 or -9,10-
dihydrodiol (K-DHD), N-acetyl-1-aminopyrene (NAAP),
1-aminopyrene (1-AMP), 10-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene, 4-,
5-, 8- or 9-monohydroxy-1-nitropyrene (phenols) and
3-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene. The predominant metabolites
formed by lung S9 incubates were K-DHD, 3-OH-1 -ni-
tropyrene and phenols. All of the metabolites were mu-
tagenic in the absence of the exogenous rat liver S9
metabolic activation system, and several, including
two unidentified metabolites were more potent than
the parent 1-nitropyrene. The mutagenicity of 3 of the
metabolites (NAAP, 10-OH- 1-nitropyrene and phen-
ols) were enhanced by S9 while most of the other me-
tabolites were less mutagenic in the presence of S9.
These results indicate that lung tissue is capable of
both oxidative and reductive metabolism which pro-
duced mutagenic metabolites, several of which were
more potent than the parent compound, 1 -NP.
Keywords: 'Bioassay, 'Mutagens, 'Toxicology, 'Res-
piratory diseases, Laboratory animals, Metabolism,
Chemical analysis, Nitrogen organic compounds,
Phenols, Exhaust emissions, In vivo analysis, In vitro
analysis, Air pollution, Rats, Reprints, "Pyrene/nitro,
'Metabolites, 'Air pollution effects(Animals), High per-
formance liquid chromatography, Pyrene/acetyl-
amino, Pyrene/amino, Pyrene/hydroxy-nitro, Diesel
engine exhaust.
PB84-2334S1/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Formation of Benzo
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
engers. This analysis indicated that ozone photolysis
in aqueous solution leads directly to the formation of
hydrogen peroxide, which then produces hydroxyl radi-
cal by secondary reaction of peroxy anion (H02)(-1)
and subsequent species with ozone. The mechanistic
results predict a maximum yield of 2/3 hydroxyl radical
for each ozone molecule that is consumed by photoly-
sis or subsequent reaction. The mechanistic results
also predict a plateau in the hydroxyl radical yield as a
function of the fraction of ozone photolyzed. The pla-
teau in the hydroxyl radical yield in turn implies a pla-
teau in treatment efficiency for organic compounds. A
simple model was developed for ozone mass transfer
with chemical and photochemical reaction. Using pilot
plant data, a treatment cost projection for removing
THMFP by photolytic ozonation was made. At 1-MGD
capacity, projected treatment costs were 55 cents, 70
cents and 90 cents per 1000 gal. for 60%, 70% and
80% THMFP removal respectively, assuming an elec-
trical energy cost of 10 cents per kilowatt-hour.
Keywords: "Ozonization, "Water treatment, "Photoly-
sis, Pilot plants, Potable water, Cost analysis, By prod-
ucts, Quality assurance, Water quality, "Halometh-
anes, Hydroxyl radical, Longview(Texas).
PB84-234525/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Incineration and Treatment of Hazardous Waste:
Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Research Sym-
posium Held at Ft. Mitchell, Kentucky on May 2-4,
1983.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Jul 84, 330p EPA/600/9-84/015
See also PB83-210450, and PB84-118777.
The Ninth Annual Research Symposium on land dis-
posal, incineration and treatment of hazardous waste
was held in Ft. Mitchell, Kentucky, on May 2,3 and 4,
1983. The purposes of the symposium were (1) to pro-
vide a forum for state-of-the-art review and discussion
of ongoing and recently completed research projects
dealing with land disposal, incineration, and treatment
of hazardous wastes; (2) to bring together people con-
cerned with hazardous waste management who can
benefit from an exchange of ideas and information; (3)
to provide an arena for the peer review of the Solid and
Hazardous Waste Research Division's and the Energy
Pollution Control Division's research programs on haz-
ardous waste management. These Proceedings are a
compilation of papers presented by the symposium
speakers. The seven technical areas covered were: In-
cineration Emissions Measurement Methods, Lab
Scale and Pilot Scale Thermal Decomposition Re-
search, Evaluation of Emissions from Full-Scale Haz-
ardous Waste Incinerators, Hazardous Waste Inciner-
ation in High Temperature Industrial Processes - Boil-
ers & Kilns, Methods for Conducting Environmental
and Economic Assessment of Hazardous Waste Incin-
erators, Innovative Hazardous Waste Control Technol-
ogy, and Biological Degradation of Hazardous Waste.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Incinerators,
"Meetings, "Solid waste disposal, Economic analysis,
Biodeterioration, Reviews, Cost analysis, Technology,
Waste management, State of the art, "Land disposal.
PB84-234590/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Atmospheric Tracer Experiments In a Deep
Narrow Valley,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
C. D. Whiteman, A. H. Huber, R. W. Fisher, and B. D.
Zak. Aug 84,8p EPA/600/D-84/206
Prepared in cooperation with Sandia National Labs.,
Albuquerque, NM.
A set of three atmospheric tracer experiments was
conducted in the Brush Creek Valley of western Colo-
rado in the summer of 1982 as part of the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency Green River Ambient Model
Assessment (GRAMA) program in conjunction with the
U S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Studies in
Complex Terrain (ASCOT) research program. Experi-
ments were designed to determine how nighttime
tracer concentrations on the valley floor and sidewalls
arising from an elevated point source would change
following sunrise during the temperature inversion
break-up period. Many physical processes were ob-
served in the tracer and meteorological experiments,
including nocturnal down-valley plume transport and
diffusion, post-sunrise CBL growth, fumigation of the
elevated plume, upslope flow development within the
CBL, subsidence over the valley center, and high post-
sunrise concentration on the sidewall.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Atmospheric diffusion,
Concentration(Composition), Plumes, Transport prop-
erties, Sulfur hexafluoride, Colorado, Meteorology,
Sampling, "Tracer studies, "Brush Creek Valley, "Air
pollution sampling.
PB84-234657/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Overview of 'Who Is Doing What' in Laboratory-
and Bench-Scale Hazardous Waste Incineration
Research,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
C. C. Lee, and G. L. Huffman. Aug 84,112p EPA/600/
D-84/209
This paper summarizes and compares five past and
eight current research studies in the area of laboratory-
and bench-scale hazardous waste incineration re-
search. The subjects covered range from non-flame to
turbulent flame thermal destruction, and from conven-
tional to innovative incineration processes. As a con-
clusion, this paper provides: Information summarizing
the thermal destruction testing results for various haz-
ardous waste compounds. Recommendations regard-
ing future directions in the area of hazardous/toxic
waste thermal destruction research.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Incinerators, "Re-
search projects, "Pyrolysis, Organic compounds, In-
dustrial wastes, Forecasting, Decomposition, Heat of
combustion, Thermal analysis, Laboratory equipment,
Flames, * Waste management, Toxic substances, Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act.
PB84-234665/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Appropriate Durations and Measures for 'Cerlo-
daphnla' Toxicity Tests,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
D. C. McNaught, and D. I. Mount. Aug 84,18p EPA/
600/D-84/204
Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Univ., Minne-
apolis. Dept. of Ecology and Behavioral Biology.
The Mount-Norberg test, which employs a measure of
the size of three broods over seven days, has been
used extensively in toxicity testing. The authors have
applied it to estimating sublethal ecosystem effects of
complex effluents in the Raisin River drainage (of
Michigan) on the downstream, food-rich communities
of Lake Erie. Using an expanded but traditional life-
table approach, the authors observed that the 7-day
test provided estimates of natality (Mx) which signifi-
cantly differed from bioassay results of 14 to 21 days
duration. Therefore the authors conducted an analysis
of interactions between duration (times of 0-7,0-14, 0-
21, 0-28 days) and treatment (toxicant levels), and
found an appropriate duration of 14 days for food-rich
Lake Erie environments.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Raisin River, Natality, Bioas-
say, Effluents, "Ceriodaphnia, Ecosystems, "Water
pollution effects(Animals), Life tables.
PB84-235092/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Pesticides on Schedule-Controlled Be-
havior,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. C. MacPhail. Aug 84, 21 p EPA/600/D-84/212
Pesticides represent an important economic commodi-
ty and a very broad class of chemicals. Each year mas-
sive amounts of pesticides are produced industrially
and are used in agriculture and forestry, as well as in
and around the home. Survey projections indicate that
the worldwide market for pesticides this year will be
close to $10 billion (Anonymous, 1977). Accumulating
evidence suggests that pesticides pervade our envi-
ronment so extensively that the likelihood of acciden-
tal exposure in many urban areas is about equal to that
in rural farming communities. The U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency estimates that each year over
45,000 persons in the U.S. are poisoned by pesticides
(Pimentel and Pimentel, 1979), and the World Health
Organization estimates that worldwide there are more
than 500,000 poisonings each year, with mortality in
excess of 1 % (WHO, 1973). Pesticides are therefore
widespread and widely used in our environment and
consequently are an important topic in any discussions
about environmental quality and public health.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Environmental surveys,
"Public health, Toxicity, Organic phosphates, Carba-
mates, Chlorine organic compounds, Pyrethrum, Neur-
otoxicology, Formamidine.
PB84-235100/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Avoiding Failure of Leachate Collection Systems
at Hazardous Waste Landfills. Rept. for Sep 83-Sep
84,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
J. M. Bass. Aug 84,21p EPA/600/D-84/210
Contract EPA-68-03-1822
Failure of leachate collection systems is expected to
be a problem in the operation of hazardous waste dis-
posal facilities, just as failure of drainage systems has
been a problem at agricultural sites. The principal fail-
ure mechanisms include sedimentation, clogging by bi-
ological, chemical and biochemical materials, and
mechanisms which do not involve clogging including
pipe deterioration, pipe displacement and exceeding
design capacity. Operating experience with leachate
collection systems indicates that all of the failure
mechanisms have occured in the field, although expe-
rience with chemical and biochemical precipitation is
limited. In a survey of 22 waste disposal facilities which
had leachate collection system problems, 14 experi-
enced problems attributable to errors in design, con-
struction or operation. The remaining 8 experienced
problems that could likely have been avoided through
system maintenance. Designing to avoid failure in-
cludes careful pipe location, fallback systems or re-
dundancy, allowing for maintenance requirements and
addressing specific failure mechanisms. Construction
must involve adequate quality assurance and may re-
quire special construction techniques. Operation of
leachate collection systems to avoid failure includes
regular inspection and system maintenance to find and
address problems before they become too serious.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Earth fills, "Leach-
ing, "Solid waste disposal, Failure, Inspection, Mainte-
nance, Design criteria, Plugging, Performance evalua-
tion, "Leachate collection systems.
PB84-235118/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Incorporating Measurement Uncertainty Into Air
Quality Evaluations,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J. C. Suggs, and T. C. Curran. Aug 84,12p EPA/600/
D-84/208
Decisions on air quality problems must often be made
on the basis of existing ambient air quality data. One
consideration in such situations is how to accomodate
the uncertainty associated with these measurements.
Measurement error is often stated in terms of a single
measurement, while the decision is made on the basis
of the entire data set for a year. Therefore, there is a
practical need to translate the uncertainty statement
for a single measurement into an uncertainty state-
ment for the decision-making statistic. In a sense, the
quality assurance statement for an individual measure-
ment should be transformed into a quality assurance
statement that is applicable to the decision that is
made from the data. This paper develops an empirical
Bayes framework for this type of problem and exam-
ines the application of this technique for a short-term
National Ambient Air Quality Standard. The analytical
results obtained from the empirical Bayes methodolo-
gy are compared to results obtained from computer
simulations.
Keywords: *Air pollution, "Probability theory, Stand-
ards, "Air quality data, "National Ambient Air Quality
Standard, "Empirical Bayes methodology, Numerical
solution.
PB84-235779/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati
OH.
Landfill Gas Production from Large Landfill simu-
lators. Final rept.,
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS. Environmental Lab.
L. W. Jones, R. J. Larson, and P. G. Malone. Aua 84
101p EPA/600/2-84/141	'
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Two sizes of landfill simulators or test cells; one set
containing approximately 320 kg wet weight of munici-
pal solid wastes (MSW) and the other set containing
2555 kg wet weight of MSW were used to measure the
amount and composition of gases produced from
MSW under typical landfill conditions. The relative
amounts and gas compositions follow those reported
by other investigators. This study demonstrates that
the conditions present in the average MSW landfill are
not ideal for maximum production of methane; but
large quantities of methane can, nevertheless, be pro-
duced over the active decomposition period of land-
filled MSW. Further studies on the effects of environ-
mental and microbial nutritional factors on methane
production in landfilled MSW are recommended.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Solid waste disposal,
'Sewage, 'Methane, 'Gas production, Decomposi-
tion, Laboratory equipment. Fuels, Hazardous materi-
als, Environmental impacts, Tests, Leaching, Anerobic
processes. Energy sources. Hydrogen production.
PB84-236397/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Sediment Removal,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
S. A. Peterson. Aug 84,144p EPA/600/D-84/207
When properly conducted, sediment removal is an ef-
fective lake management technique. This chapter de-
scribes: (1) purposes of sediment removal, (2) environ-
mental concerns, (3) appropriate depth of sediment re-
moval, (4) sediment removal techniques, (5) suitable
lake conditions, (6) dredge selection and disposal area
design, (7) exemplary case histories, and (8) costs.
There are four major reasons for sediment removal
from a lake: deepening, limitation of nutrient recycling,
reduction of macrophyte nuisances, and the removal
of sedimented toxic substances. Environmental con-
cerns associated with lake sediment removal appear
to be less negative than might be expected. Another
potential impact is effect dredged material has on the
area where it is disposed. There is little doubt that
dredging can be a successful lake restoration tech-
nique if there is a thorough pre-implementation evalua-
tion of the lake setting, if proper equipment is selected,
if the disposal areas are designed for end of treatment
effectiveness and if the dredging is conducted by con-
scientious and competent operators.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Lakes, 'Water pollution con-
trol, 'Dredging, Removal, Nutrients, Aquatic plants.
Pumping, Hydraulic equipment, Cost analysis, Design,
Pipelines, Solid waste disposal, Toxicity, Mathematical
models, Turbidity, Environmental impacts, Case stud-
ies.
PB84-236413/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, QA.
Leaching Evaluation of Agricultural Chemicals
(LEACH) Handbook. Final rept. Jun 83-Apr 84,
Anderson-Nichols and Co., Inc., Palo Alto, CA.
J. D. Dean, P. P. Jowise, and A. S. Donigian, Jr. Jun 84,
419p EPA/600/3-84/068
Contract EPA-68-03-3116
A methodology has been developed to assess poten-
tial pesticide leaching from the crop root zones in
major (corn, soybean, wheat and cotton) crop growing
areas of the United States. Use of the Leaching Eval-
uation of Agricultural Chemicals (LEACH) methodolo-
gy provides an indication of the presence or absence
of leaching past the rooting depth and, if such leaching
is indicated, its severity. LEACH was developed
through the use of long term simulation (i.e., 25 years)
of annual pesticide leaching time series using the Pes-
ticide Root Zone Model. The user must evaluate key
parameters for a pesticide-site-crop-management sce-
nario to locate pesticide leaching cumulative frequen-
cy distributions. Each scenario has a unique distribu-
tion associated with it. The distribution functions indi-
cate the chance that the annual quantity of pesticide
leached past the crop rooting depth will exceed a
given value. The distributions can be used as an inte-
gral part of a framework for decisions concerning the
use of the pesticide.
Keywords: 'Agricultural products, "Pesticides, 'Hand-
books, Leaching, Methodology, Assessments, Farm
crops, Ground water, Water pollution, Sites, Water pol-
lution abatement, Land pollution.
PB84-236595/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Carbon Monoxide Study, Anchorage, Alaska, No-
vember 22,1982 to February 11,1983,
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
J. W. Schweiss, G. LaMore, and T. Chappie. Nov 83,
67p EPA/910/9-83/110
Prepared in cooperation with Anchorage Air Pollution
Control Authority, AK. and Alaska Dept. of Environ-
mental Conservation, Anchorage.
Typically, levels of ambient carbon monoxide (CO)
vary widely among the four existing permanent moni-
toring sites distributed throughout the city of Anchor-
age. An ambient air sampling program was designed
and implemented to clarify and define, if possible, the
relationship of carbon monoxide levels reported from
these permanent sites and levels occurring elsewhere
in the city. Integrated bag sampling was conducted on
weekdays at approximately 50 sites during the interval
spanning November 22,1982 and February 11,1983.
Samples collected from each site were analyzed by
the non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) method. Compari-
sons were then made between data arising from the
study sites and the four permanent monitoring sites. A
comprehensive quality assurance program was devel-
oped and ordered to the study to ensure the collection
of data that were of known and appropriate accuracy,
precision, representativeness, comparability and com-
pleteness. In largely fulfilling the purpose of the study,
the primary conclusions arising from analysis of the
study data were twofold: (1) The permanent monitoring
network does not adequately characterize either the
absolute magnitude of CO levels or the frequency of
standards exceedances encountered at an array of lo-
cations elsewhere in the study area, and (2) The basic
or immediate representatives of each permanent mon-
itoring site has largely been established.
Keywords: 'Carbon monoxide, 'Air pollution, *Gas
analysis, Alaska, Sampling, Sites,
Concentration(Composition), Chemical analysis, Per-
formance evaluation, 'Anchorage(Alaska), 'Air pollu-
tion sampling, 'Air pollution detection, Nondispersive
infrared spectroscopy.
PB84-238603/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Thermoregulatory Consequences of Long-Term
Microwave Exposure at Controlled Ambient Tem-
peratures. Final rept.,
John B. Pierce Foundation Lab., New Haven, CT.
E. R. Adair, D. E. Spiers, R. O. Rawson, B. W. Adams,
and D. K. Sheldon. Aug 84,91p EPA/600/1-84/009
Grant EPA-R-807085
The study was designed to identify and measure
changes in thermoregulatory response systems, both
behavioral and physiological, that may occur when
squirrel monkeys are exposed to 2450-MHz CW micro-
waves 40 hours/week for 15 weeks. Microwave power
densities explored were 1 and 5 mW/sq. cm. (SAR =
0.16 W/kg per mW/sq. cm.) and were presented at
controlled environmental temperatures of 25, 30, and
35 C. Standardized tests, conducted periodically, as-
sessed changes in thermoregulatory responses. De-
pendent variables measured included body mass, cer-
tain blood properties, metabolic heat production,
sweating, skin temperatures, deep body temperature,
and behavioral responses by which the monkeys se-
lected a preferred environmental temperature. Results
showed no alteration of metabolic rate, internal body
temperature, or thermoregulatory behavior by micro-
wave exposure although the ambient temperature pre-
vailing during chronic exposure could exert an effect.
An increase in sweating rate occurred in the 35 C envi-
ronment, not enhanced significantly by microwave ex-
posure. Skin temperature, reflecting vasomotor state,
was reliably influenced by both ambient temperature
and microwaves. The most robust consequence of
microwave exposure was a reduction in body mass
which appeared to be a function of microwave power
density.
Keywords: 'Microwaves, 'Radiation effects, Expo-
sure, Monkeys, Laboratory animals, Responses, Be-
havior, Physiology, Temperature, 'Thermoregulation.
PB84-236611/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
St. Louis Ozone Modeling Pro]ect,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
H. S. Cole, D. E. Layland, G. K. Moss, and C. F.
Newberry. Aug 83,211 p EPA/450/4-83/019
The results of applying a refined photochemical model
to the St. Louis area are described. The model is a
three-dimensional grid model which incorporates a
generalized chemical kinetics mechanism, the report
describes the performance of the model using a varie-
ty of statistical and graphical techniques. Model simu-
lations for a set of 20 days during 1975 and 1976 are
utilized in the analysis. The report also examines the
effect of changes in emissions on predicted ozone
concentrations for a smaller subset of days.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Photochemistry,
'Ozone, 'Air pollution, Concentration(Composition),
Performance evaluation, Smog, Nitrogen oxides, Hy-
drocarbons, Missouri, 'Saint Louis(Missouri), 'Airshed
models, 'Air quality.
PB84-236850/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Review of the Attributes and Performance of Six
Urban Diffusion Models. Final rept. Oct 82-Sep 83,
American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA.
F. D. White. Aug 84,105p EPA/600/3-84/089
The American Meteorological Society conducted a sci-
entific review of a set of six urban diffusion models.
TRC Environmental Consultants, Inc. calculated and
tabulated a uniform set of statistics for all the models.
The report consists of a summary and copies of the
three independent model reviews conducted to evalu-
ate the models. General conclusions included: (1) all
of the six models are very similar to each other and
represent simple approximations of the urban diffusion
situations in a given time period with no horizontal vari-
ability of the boundary layer structure or depth; (2)
none of the models can be considered state-of-the-art
since a great deal has been learned about the plane-
tary boundary layer that could be incorporated into
such models; (3) the models all use an all or nothing
approach to plume penetration; either the plume pene-
trates the elevated inversion and is lost to the compu-
tation or it is completely trapped; and (4) the four
annual models all produced good estimates of the ob-
served concentrations, while, of the short-term
models, TEM-8A seriously overpredicted at night and
RAM seriously underpredicts during the day.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Urban areas, 'At-
mospheric diffusion, 'Air pollution, Transport proper-
ties, Reviews, Sampling, Sites, Performance evalua-
tion, Concentration(Composition), Sulfur dioxide, Field
tests, Meteorology, 'Air pollution sampling, State of
the art.
PB84-236942/HSU	CP T05
U.S. Cancer Death Counts 1950-1979. Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. B. Van Bruggen, and W. Riggan. 1979, mag tape
ERA/600/1-84/010, EPA/DF-84/055
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. Tapes can
be prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording
modes for one-half inch tape. Identify recording mode
desired by specifying character set, track, density, and
parity. Call NTIS Computer Products if you have ques-
tions.
The tape contains death counts by five year age
groups ending with age 85 and older by county, state
and the U.S., by race-sex (white/non-white for male,
female) for 35 groupings of cancers, for each year
from 1950 through 1979.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Mortality, Malignant neoplasms,
Counties, States(United States), Males, Females,
Ethnic groups, Age, Magnetic tapes.
PB84-237213/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, Bellevue
Urban Runoff Program, Washington: Summary
Report. Final rept. Jul 77-Jui 84,
Bellevue Storm and Surface Utility, WA.
R. Pitt, and P. Bissonnette. Aug 84,186p
Grant EPA-R-805929
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
This summary report consolidates the major findings
and conclusions of several individual studies, which in-
cluded: Tests conducted to contrast the biological and
chemical conditions in an urban creek with a rural
creek; Monitoring urban runoff quality and quantity
from 3 urban areas; Analysis of many source area,
urban runoff, and creek samples for metallic and or-
ganic priority pollutants; Sampling of urban stormwater
and base flows from 2 residential areas. Collection of
street dirt samples and evaluation of effects of street
cleaning and catchbasin cleaning on improvement of
urban runoff quality.
Keywords: "Runoff, 'Urban areas, "Water pollution,
Monitoring, Stream flow, Rainfall, Metals, Dirt, Streets,
Snowmelt, Sediment transport, Catch basins, Soil ero-
sion, Chemical analysis, Nutrients, Bacteria, Rural
areas, Comparison, Washington(State), "Storm water
runoff, Bellevue(Washington).
PB84-237320/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
VOC Emissions from Volatile Organic Liquid Stor-
age Tanks - Background Information for Pro-
posed Standards. Draft environmental impact state-
ment,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
J. R. Farmer. Jul 84, 267p EPA/450/3-81/003A
Standards of Performance tor the control of VOC
emissions from Volatile Organic Liquid (VOL) storage
tanks are being proposed under the authority of Sec-
tion 111 of the Clean Air Act. These standards would
apply to all new and existing storage tanks having a ca-
pacity of 75 cubic meters or larger, which are to be
used for the storage of VOL. This document contains
background information and environmental and eco-
nomic impact assessments of the regulatory alterna-
tives considered in developing the proposed stand-
ards.
Keywords: "Environmental impact statements-draft,
"Standards, "Storage tanks, "Air pollution control,
Sources, Revisions, Substitutes, Water pollution, Cost
analysis, Petroleum industry, Terminal facilities, Eco-
nomic impacts, Organic compounds, Roofs, Perform-
ance evaluation, Chemical industry, "Volatile organic
compounds, "Fugitive emissions, "Standards of per-
formance, Stationary sources, Vapor control systems,
Solid wastes, Clean Air Act amendments of 1977.
PB84-237833/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy Analysis.
Cost of Clean Air and Water Report to Congress,
1984. Final rept. May 80-Aug 83.
Development Planning and Research Associates, Inc.,
Manhattan, KS.
May 84, 658p EPA/230/05-84/008
Contract EPA-68-01 -6103
See alBO PB-300446.
The Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act include provi-
sions which require the Administrator of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency to make and report detailed
estimates of the costs of carrying out the respective
Acts. This report presents such estimates as two sepa-
rate reports, one concerned with the control of air pol-
lution, the other concerned with the control of water
pollution. This summary provides information on both
reports and presents listings of the 'Water costs', 'Air
costs', and 'combined costs.'
Keywords: "Cost estimates, Public health. Wastes,
Hazardous materials, Chemical compounds, Toxicity,
Mutagens, Fuels, Energy, Industries, Manufacturing,
Environmental Protection Agency, Congressional
Report, "Clean Air Act, "Clean Water Act, 'Air pollu-
tion control, "Water pollution control, Health hazards,
Risk assessment.
PB84-238252/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Div.
Demonstration of Thermophilic Aerobic-Anaero-
bic Digestion at Hagerstown, Maryland. Final rept.
Aug 78-Mar 84,
Union Carbide Corp., Tonawanda, NY. Linde Div.
0. W. Haas. Aug 84,121 p EPA/600/2-84/142
Grant EPA-S-805823	. o „
Prepared in cooperation with Hagerstown Water Pollu-
tion Control Dept., MD.
208 Vol. 90, No. 24
This report describes the successful operation of a
new and novel approach to digestion of sludge at the
Hagerstown wastewater treatment plant. The process,
known as dual digestion, involved the coupling of a full-
scale experimental aerobic reactor to an existing full-
scale anaerobic digester for the treatment of Hagers-
town's raw sludge. In the process, sludge is aerobically
digested at thermophilic conditions, using pure oxygen
for about one day, followed by a longer period of 8 to
16 days of mesophilic (or thermophilic) anaerobic di-
gestion. The system handled 16,400 gallons of raw
sludge per day with average autothermal temperature
in the aerobic digester of 51C. Pathogen analyses of
the raw and digested sludge samples indicated the
process significantly reduced pathogen levels beyond
that achieved by conventional anaerobic digestion
practice. The dual digestion process proved itself to be
an effective sludge stabilization process achieving an
overall volatile solids destruction of 42 percent.
Keywords: "Sludge disposal, "Sewage treatment, An-
aerobic processes, Aerobic processes, Solid wastes
disposal, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
Thermophiles, Anaerobic digestion, "Aerobic diges-
tion, "Sludge treatment, "Sewage sludge, Energy con-
servation, Hagerstown(Maryland), Pathogens.
PB84-238260/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
indirect Estimation of Convective Boundary Layer
Structure for Use in Routine Dispersion Models.
Final rept.,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Boulder, CO. Wave Propagation Lab.
J. M. Wilczak, and M. S. Phillips. Aug 84,89p EPA/
600/3-84/091
Dispersion models of the convectively driven atmos-
pheric boundary layer (ABL) often require as input me-
teorological parameters that are not routinely meas-
ured. These parameters usually include (but are not
limited to) the surface heat and momentum fluxes, the
height of the capping inversion Z(i), the mean wind-
speed, wind direction and temperature profiles up to
Z(i), and the profiles of the turbulent wind components.
Through use of a simple inversion rise model, surface
layer flux-profile relationships, and similarity scaling
laws for the convective ABL, we demonstrate how the
required meteorological parameters can be deduced
using much simpler and more readily available meas-
urements. These measurements consist of an early
morning temperature profile obtained from a radio-
sonde ascent; single level surface layer values of U,
AZ, sigma sub u and sigma sub v; two levels of mean
temperature near the surface; and an estimate of the
local surface roughness. Predicted values of each of
the required parameters are compared to directly
measured values of 26 days of data. Except for wind
direction, each of these parameters can be estimated
with an average error of 10-30%. For light windspeeds
the mean wind direction profile is strongly affected by
slight terrain inhomogenieties, and simple wind direc-
tion parameterizations fail. Finally, the role of averag-
ing time in estimating the error of an individual realiza-
tion is discussed.
Keywords: "Atmospheric circulation, "Boundary layer
flow, "Mathematical models, "Atmospheric diffusion,
"Air pollution, Meteorology, Wind velocity, Surfaces,
'Atmospheric dispersion.
PB84-238328/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Developing Methods for Analyzing Oil Disper-
sants in Seawater. Final rept. Apr 80-Apr 82,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
D. L. Haynes, D. G. Kelly, J. H. Smith, and E. L.
Fernandez. Aug 84,36p" EPA/600/2-84/144
Grant EPA-R-807059
An analytical method was sought for determining the
concentrations of dispersants in seawater contaminat-
ed with oil in both field and laboratory situations. Meth-
ods of analysis for surfactants found in the literature in-
cluded spectrophotometry, gas chromatography (GC),
thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and high perform-
ance liquid chromatography (HPLC). References to
collection, concentration, and cleanup methods in-
cluded liquid/liquid extractions, gas stripping, and solid
sorbents. Of seven dispersants tested, one contained
solely anionic surfactants, three contained only non-
ionic, and three contained both anionic and nonionic
surfactants. HPLC normal phase, reverse phase, and
ion exchange column techniques were tried. Detection
methods included (1) direct measurement of the sur-
factants by tensammetry and ultraviolet (UV) spec-
trometry, and (2) derivation of the surfactant with
phenyl isocyanate with subsequent measurement by
UV spectrometry. The most promising method of those
tested was analysis of the phenyl isocyanate derivative
of POE nonylphenol by normal phase HPLC using UV
spectrometric detection. A method of collection, con-
centration, and cleanup of seawater solutions of dis-
persants containing oil was developed using the solid
sorbent SEP-PAK C18 cartridge. This sorbent suc-
cessfully removed compounds that interfered with col-
orimetric tests.
Keywords: "Wateranalysis, "Dispersants, "Seawater,
"Surfactants, Gas chromatography, Thin layer chro-
matography, Ultraviolet spectroscopy, Ion exchanging.
Water pollution, Chemical analysis, "Oil pollution de-
tection, "Water pollution detection, High performance
liquid chromatography.
PB84-238336/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pollutant Exposure Control System for Determi-
nation of the Effects of Exposure Regimes on
Plant Growth,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
W. E. Hogsett, D. T. Tingey, and S. R. Holman. Aug 84,
27p EPA/600/D-84/213
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Corvallis, OR.
In the field of air pollution effects research there is the
need to examine the various components of pollutant
dose expression (concentration, frequency, and dura-
tion) in order to assess each of their contributions to
the observed response. The difficulty of selecting an
appropriate statistic to characterize plant exposure
has been summarized by Heagle and Heck. Pollutant
exposure has been characterized by use of mean con-
centrations with varying averaging times (7-hr, weekly,
month, or seasonal), the number of hours above a se-
lected concentration, and the number of hours above
selected concentration intervals. However, these
values do not reflect the relationships of concentra-
tion, frequency and duration of exposures, and the
plant response. The use of a mean implies that all con-
centrations are equally effective in elliciting a plant re-
sponse and minimizes the contribution of peak con-
centrations. The mean treats low-level long-term expo-
sures the same as high-concentrations short-term
ones. Most exposure statistics are not directly correlat-
ed with each other and it is difficult to relate them to
ambient air measurements of ozone which are usually
reported as 1 -hr means.
Keywords: "Plant growth, "Air pollution, Exposure,
Ozone, Concentration(Composition), Dosage,
Plants(Botany), Sites, Sampling, Test chambers, "Air
pollution effects(Plants), "Air pollution sampling.
PB84-238633/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Developmental Immunotoxlcology,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R.J. Smialowicz. Aug 84,49p EPA/600/D-84/215
This is a review of the development of the immune
system and the consequences following perinatal ex-
posure to environmental toxicants.
Keywords: "Toxicology, 'Immunology. "Environmental
surveys, Reviews, Cells(Biology), "Toxic substances,
Natural killer cells.
PB84-238641/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Cross-Appalachian Tracer Experiment (CAPTEX
'83),
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Rockville, MD. Air Resources Lab.
T. L. Clark, G. J. Ferber, J. L. Heffter, and R. R. Draxler
Aug 84,7p EPA/600/D-84/214
Scientists in the United States and Canada have col-
laborated on the Cross-Appalachian Tracer Experi-
ment (CAPTEX '83) using the perfluorocarbon tracer
to simulate the long-range transport of pollutants in the
atmosphere. The experiments, conducted in Septem-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
States and southern Ontario, yielded approximately
3000 3-6-hour surface samples and over 1600 inte-
grated airborne samples. In addition, supplemental
meteorological data were measured. This paper de-
scribes the experiments and the data.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Transport properties, Sam-
pling, Aerial surveys, Sites, 'Tracer studies, "Perfluor-
ocarbon, "Northeastern Region(United States), 'Air
pollution sampling.
PB84-238658/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Chloroform on Hepatic and Renal DNA
Synthesis and Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity in
Mice. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. A. Pereira, R. E. Savage, Jr., C. W. Guion, and P. A.
Wernsing. 1984,11p EPA/600/J-84/075
Pub. in Toxicology Letters 21, p357-364 1984.
Chloroform administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) to male
mice and rats resulted in a dose-dependent increase in
hepatic ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity. Maxi-
mal induction of the enzyme in mice was 10-fold and
occurred at 375 mg/kg chloroform; in rats it was 52-
fold and occurred at 750 mg/kg chloroform. Chloro-
form increased in mice and decreased in rats the rate
of hepatic and renal DNA synthesis. Therefore, the in-
duction of ODC activity in rat liver was not followed
with an increase in DNA synthesis. The implications of
these results to the proposed nongenetic mechanism
of chloroform induction of hepatocellular carcinoma in
mice and renal tumors in rats are discussed.
Keywords: "Chloroform, "Toxicology, "Environmental
surveys, "Deoxyribonucleic acids, Laboratory animals,
Mice, Rats, Dosage, Liver, Synthesis(Chemistry), Car-
cinogens, Enzymes, Biosynthesis, Reprints.
PB84-238868/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Manganese Chloride Enhances Murine Cell-Medi-
ated Cytotoxicity: Effects on Natural Killer Cells.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park NC
R, J. Smialowicz, R. R. Rogers, M. M. Riddle, R. W.
Luebke, and D. G. Rowe. 1984,26p EPA/600/J-84/
076
Pub. in Jnl. of Immunopharmacology, v6(1-2) p1-23
1984.
Natural killer (NK) cell activity of mice given a single in-
jection of manganese chloride (MnCI2) was significant-
ly enhanced as measured in a 4-hr in vitro 51Cr re-
lease assay. Enhanced activity persisted for several
days after injection. This cytotoxic activity was associ-
ated with nonadherent spleen cells and was complete-
ly eliminated by injecting MnCI2-treated mice with anti-
asialo GM1 serum. Manganese chloride enhancement
of NK cell activity appeared to be mediated by inter-
feron (IFN). Low levels of I FN were detected in the
serum of mice as early a9 4 hr after MnCI2 injection.
Rabbit anti-mouse IFN alpha, beta but not anti-mouse
IFN gamma completely eliminated the MnCI2-en-
hanced NK cell activity in the spleens of mice. The ob-
served enhancement of NK cell activity by MnCI2 is
similar to that reported for more complex molecules
that act by inducing IFN production.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, "In vitro analysis,
"Bioassay, "Manganese chloride, 'Antineoplastic
agents, Laboratory animals, Mice, Parenteral infu-
sions, Dosage, Dose rate, Pathology, Toxicity,
Celis(Biology), Immunology, Reprints, 'Natural killer
cells.
PB84-238674/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Benomyl on the Reproductive Develop-
ment of Male Rats. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. D. Carter, J. F. Hein, G. L. Rehnberg, and J. W.
Laskey. 1984,18p EPA/600/ J-84/077
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health
13. p53-68 1984.
Benomal, a systemic fungicide, was administered to
male Sprague-Dawley rats during the prepubertal, pu-
bertal, or postpuberal stage of reproductive develop-
ment. Animals received 5 or 10 daily treatments of 0,
125, 200, 250, 500, or 1000 mg benomyl/kg-d by
gavage Observations were made at selected intervals
after exposure and included hemotological param-
eters, body weight, tissue weights, total epididymal
sperm counts, vas deferens sperm concentrations,
serum follicle-stimulating hormone (sFSH) levels, and
testicular histology. Data presented here suggest that
there is an age-related difference in sensitivity to beno-
mal.
Keywords: "Toxicology, 'Fungicide, 'Reproductive
systems, Laboratory animals, Rats, Pesticides, Envi-
ronmental surveys, Exposure, Carbamates, Reprints,
'Toxic substances, 'Benomyl, Benzimidazole carbam-
ic acid/methyl-(butylcarbamoyl).
PB84-238682	Not available NTIS
Utilization of a Response-Surface Technique in
the Study of Plant Responses to Ozone and Sulfur
Dioxide Mixtures. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab, OR.
D. P. Ormrod, D. T. Tingey, M. L. Gumpertz, and D. M.
Olszyk. C1984,7p EPA/600/J-84/078
Prepared in cooperation with California Univ., River-
side. Statewide Air Pollution Research Center, Nor-
throp Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR. and Guelph Univ.
(Ontario).
Pub. in Plant Physiology 75, P43-48 1984.
A second order rotatable design was used to obtain
polynomial equations describing the effects of combi-
nations of sulfur dioxide (S02) and ozone (03) on
foliar injury and plant growth. The response surfaces
derived from these equations were displayed as con-
tour or isometric (3-dimensional) plots. The contour
plots aided in the interpretation of the pollutant interac-
tions and were judged easier to use than the isometric
plots. Plants of 'Grand Rapids' lettuce (Lactuca
sativa), 'Cherry Belle' radish (Raphanus sativus), and
'Aisweet' pea (Pisum sativum) were grown in a con-
trolled environment chamber and exposed to seven
combinations of S02 and 03. Injury was evaluated
based on visible chlorosis and necrosis and growth
was evaluated as leaf area and dry weight. (Copyright
(c) Plant Physiol 1984.)
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Plant growth, 'Air
pollution, Injuries, Plant tissues(Biology), Lettuce,
Peas, Vegetables, Exposure, Tolerances(Physiology),
Necrosis, Mathematical models, Regression analysis,
Plant physiology, Acclimatization, Tables(Data), Re-
prints, "Air pollution effects(Plants).
PB84-238690	Not available NTIS
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Field Evaluation of Volatile Organic Compound
Removal Efficiency for Full-Scale Carbon Adsorp-
tion Systems,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
T, P. Nelson, J. R. Blacksmith, and J. L. Randall.
CI 984, 30p EPA/600/D-84/211
Contract EPA-68-03-3038
Six full-scale, fixed-bed carbon adsorption systems
were tested for vapor-phase volatile organic com-
pound removal efficiency. Solvents used in the sys-
tems included methyl ethyl ketone, isopropyl acetate,
tetrahydrofuran and toluene. One year after the first
tests, repeat testing was performed on four of the origi-
nal six sites. Removal efficiencies of three adsorption
systems were lower during the repeat testing. Howev-
er, carbon age was not the primary factor involved.
Keywords: "Air pollution control,
'Absorbers(Materials), 'Materials recovery, 'Sol-
vents, 'Coating processes, Carbon, Industrial wastes,
Solvents, Performance evaluation, Combustion prod-
ucts, Organic compounds, Field tests, 'Volatile organ-
ic compounds, 'Carbon adsorption systems, 'Waste
recycling, Liquid wastes.
PB84-239177/HSU	PC A04/MF AOf
Northeast Corridor Regional Modeling Protect -
Description of the 1980 Urban Field Studies,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
N. C. Possiel, and W. P. Freas. Oct 82,66p EPA/450/
4-82/018
This report describes the design and operation of the
1980 Urban Field Studies conducted as part of the
Northeast Corridor Regional Modeling Project
(NECRMP). The NECRMP is a multiphase program in-
volving EPA and State/local agencies in the develop-
ment of the Regional Oxidant Model and its application
to the Northeastern United States. The 1980 Urban
Field Studies were conducted to provide the data base
of air quality and meteorological measurements nec-
essary for modeling the major Corridor cities: Washing-
ton, Baltimore, New York and Boston. (A data base for
modeling Philadelphia was acquired in 1979.) The
1980 field studies included continuous surface meas-
urements of ozone, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons,
wind speed, wind direction, temperature, and solar ra-
diation in the vicinity of these cities. In addition, special
measurements of hydrocarbon species, aircraft moni-
toring flights, sodars, pilot balloon observations, and
rawinsonde soundings were employed to obtain air
quality and meteorological measurements aloft in the
Corridor. Quality assurance procedures conducted as
part of the data collection/reduction tasks are also de-
scribed in the report. Lists of the designated NECRMP
monitoring sites and the dates/times of species
sample collection and of measurements aloft are pro-
vided in the appendices.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Mathematical
models, Urban areas, State government, Field tests,
Ozone, Nitrogen oxides, Hydrocarbons, Meteorology,
Quality assurance, Transport properties, Aerial sur-
veys, 'Northeast Region(United States), 'Regional
Oxidant Model, "Air quality.
PB84-239193/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from
Sources of Ethylene Dlchlorlde.
GCACorp., Bedford, MA.
Mar 84,97p EPA/450/4-84/007D
To assist groups interested in inventorying air emis-
sions of various potentially toxic substances, EPA is
preparing a series of documents such as this to com-
pile available information on sources and emissions of
these substances. This document deals specifically
with ethylene dichloride. Its intended audience in-
cludes Federal, State and local air pollution personnel
and others interested in locating potential emitters of
ethylene dichloride and in making gross estimates of
air emissions therefrom. This document presents infor-
mation on 1) the types of sources that may emit ethyl-
ene dichloride, 2) process variations and release
points that may be expected within these sources, and
3) available emissions information indicating the po-
tential for ethylene dichloride release into the air from
each operation.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Assessments, Sources, Na-
tional government, State government, Industrial
wastes, Chlorine organic compounds, Solvents, Chlor-
ination, Textile industry, Chemical industry, Exhaust
emissions, Process charting, Pesticides, Manufactur-
ing, Dry cleaning, 'Emission inventories. 'Toxic sub-
stances, "Ethane/dichloro, Ethylene/perchloro.
PB84-239375/HSU	PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, Tampa, Flori-
da: Phase 1 Final Report. Rept. for 1978-82,
Tampa Dept. of Public Works, FL.
L. Moreda. Jan81,482p
Grant EPA-P-004196-01 -6
This initial phase of the investigation was conducted to
summarize the current status of water quality problems
and pollution sources in Tampa, Florida. The need for
further study of the effects of urban stormwater on the
receiving waters is identified. Locations where storm-
water would be best studied, the type of measurement
to quantify stormwater runoff and assess its effects on
the receiving waters were determined. Important
issues to be included in additional phases of the study
were outlined.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Water pollution, 'Urban areas,
Stream flow, Rainfall, Soil erosion, Assessments,
Streams, Rivers, Sediment transport, Land use, Indus-
tries, Residential buildings, Drainage, Tables(Data),
Florida, "Storm water runoff, Tampa(Florida), Point
sources, Nonpoint sources.
PB84-239425/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Demonstration of Vapor Control Technology for
Gasoline Loading of Barges. Final rept. Sep 80-Feb
82,
MSA Research Corp., Evans City, PA.
S. S. Gross. Aug 84,65p EPA/600/2-84/140
Contract EPA-68-02-3657
The report gives results of a program to demonstrate a
safe cost-effective way to control gasoline vapors
emitted during barge loading. Refrigeration, carbon ad-
sorption, oil absorption, and incineration were re-
viewed in terms of their safety, economics, and per-
formance. Two barge terminals were used as the
design basis for extending their existing truck loading
vapor control systems (oil absorption and incineration)
to include the barge loading facilities. Although, fabri-
cation drawings were prepared for both terminals, the
barge vapor collection system was installed only at the
terminal using incineration. Arrangements were also
made to lease a barge with vapor collection piping and
add equipment to reduce the likelihood of barge explo-
sion or overfill. However, before start-up of the demon-
stration, the program was curtailed. The system is still
in place and could be considered for future field dem-
onstrations.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Materials handling
equipment, "Cargo transportation, "Gasoline, "Load-
ing procedures, "Barges, Incinerators, Cargo ships,
Performance evaluation, Design criteria, "Fugitive
emissions, "Vapor control systems.
PB84-240076/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
User Charge Guidance Manual for Publicly-Owned
Treatment Works.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Jun 84,32p EPA/430/9-84/006
This document offers guidelines for the development
of user charge systems. Since each system must be
tailored to reflect the unique conditions of the treat-
ment system it will support, the make-up of the project
team, customer data, rate structure, ordinances, etc.,
will most likely vary from the examples in this manual.
This document is designed to supplement the Interim
Final (May 12, 1982) and Final (February 17, 1984)
Construction Grants Regulations.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Cost analysis,
"Manuals, "Guidelines, Financing, Assessments, Op-
erating costs. Cost effectiveness, Grants, Regulations,
Capitalized costs, "User charge systems, "Publicly
owned wastewater treatment, Revenue.
PBS4-240266/HSU	CP T02
Resource Conservation Recovery Act Notification
Data File. Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
S. Levy, J. Tumarkin, and E. Partington. 30 Jun 84,
mag tape EPA/DF-84/056
Supersedes PB83-198051.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. Tapes can
be prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording
modes for one-half inch tape. Identify recording mode
desired by specifying character set, track, density, and
parity. Call NTIS Computer Products if you have ques-
tions.
This file contains data compiled for the Resource Con-
servation Recovery Act. Notification of Hazardous
Waste Activity, EPA Form 8700-12 was used to collect
the data. The file was updated with information com-
piled from the Application for a Hazardous Waste
Permit, EPA Form 3510-3. The data includes names
and addresses of the facility owner and operator, as
well as the facility contact name and phone number.
The data indicates whether a facility is a generator,
treat/store/disposer, and/or transporter of hazardous
waste. There is also a listing of code numbers of waste
handled taken from 40 CFR Part 261.
Keywords: "Data file, "Hazardous materials, "Waste
disposal, "Regulations, Licenses, State government,
"Resource conservation recovery act, Listings.
PB84-240654/HSU	^ , PC A18/MFA01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.	. . „
Development of Criteria for Extension of Applica-
bility of Low-Emission, High-Efficiency'Coal Burn-
ers: Fourth Annual Report. Rept. for Oct 80-Oct 81,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
210 Vol. 90, No. 24
R. Payne, P. L. Case, M. P. Heap, J. Lee, and C. N.
McKinnon. Aug 84, 375p EPA/600/7-84/087
Contract EPA-68-02-2667
See also PB82-197153.
The report summarizes technical progress during the
fourth year of effort on EPA contract 68-02-2667. NOx
and SOx emission characteristics of two low-NOx dis-
tributed-mixing burners were tested with three coals in
a large water-tube simulator furnace (50-70 million
Btu/hr firing rate). Increasing burner load, burner zone
stoichiometry, or overall excess air increased NOx
emissions. Staging was limited by increases in CO
emissions and problems with flame stability at burner
zone stoichiometries below 0.6. The feasibility of using
dry sorbents injected directly into the furnace for S02
emission control was investigated. Sorbent type (Ca
(OH)2 vs. CaC03) and injection location had a small
effect on sulfur capture. Fuel sulfur content also affect-
ed sulfur capture. Sulfur captures on the order of 40-50
percent were obtained at Ca/S molar ratios of 2.0.
Parametric studies of the sulfur capture process were
performed in a specially constructed Boiler Simulator
Furnace fired at 1.0 million Btu/hr. Under fuel-lean
conditions, thermal history exerted controlling influ-
ence on sulfur capture. Firing and heat extraction rates
strongly influenced sulfur capture due to their effect on
thermal history. Sorbent location, burner zone stoichi-
ometry, overall excess air, and tertiary air velocity had
secondary effects on capture.
Keywords: "Burners, "Air pollution control, Furnaces,
Feasibility, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur oxides, Combustion
products, Industrial wastes, Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation. Carbon monoxide, Coal, Sorbents,
"Distributed mixing burners, Dry methods.
PB84-240753/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Chemicals Codex: Supplementary Recom-
mendations lor Direct Additives. Final rept.
National Research Council, Washington, DC. Food
and Nutrition Board.
Aug 84, 25pCLS/FNB-180
Contract EPA-68-01-6795
Report contains monographs for chemicals used to
prepare potable water.
Keywords: "Water treatment(Chemicals), "Additives,
"Chemical compounds, Potable water.
PB84-241041/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Final Environmental Impact Statement for Metro-
politan Wastewater Management Commission
Sludge Management Plan, Eugene-Springfield,
Oregon.
Jones and Stokes Associates, Inc., Sacramento, CA.
Jun 84,171 p EPA/910/9-84/119
See also PB84-122985.
A draft environmental impact statement (EIS) was dis-
tributed in October of 1983 to discuss the environmen-
tal implications of managing municipal sludge in the
Eugene-Springfield, Oregon area. It considered four al-
ternative facilities and process combinations for stor-
ing, drying, and reusing sludge, and looked at four lo-
cations to house the physical facilities. The plan being
proposed by the Metropolitan Wastewater Manage-
ment Commission (MWMC), which represents
Eugene, Springfield, and Lane County, Oregon, in-
cludes a 5.5-mile digested sludge conveyance pipe-
line, mechanical sludge conditioning, facuiatative
sludge lagoon storage, air drying beds, and reuse of
the sludge on agricultural land. This final EIS has been
prepared to respond to comments on the draft EIS.
Keywords: "Environmental impact statements-final,
"Sludge disposal, "Sewage treatment, Land use, Ge-
ology, Soils, Public health, Water quality, Ground
water, Farm crops, Lagoons(Ponds), Substitutes,
"Solid waste management, Land disposal,
Eugene(Oregon), Springfield(Oregon).
PB84-241173/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Evaluation of Urban Air Quality Simulation
Models,
TRC Environmental Consultants, Inc., East Hartford,
CT.
R. Londergan, D. Minott, D. Wackter, and R. Fizz. Jul
83, 140p EPA/450/4-83/020
Contract EPA-68-02-3514
This report summarizes the results of a comprehen-
sive evaluation of 'urban' air quality simulation models
using S02 and meteorological data collected as part
of the St. Louis RAPS study. The report contains nu-
merous tabulations of each model's performance in
terms of statistical measures of performance recom-
mended by the American Meteorological Society. The
purpose of the report is two-fold. First, it serves to doc-
ument for the models considered, and similar models,
their relative performance. Second, it provides the
basis for a peer scientific review of the models. To stay
within the spirit of this latter purpose, the report is limit-
ed to a factual presentation of information and per-
formance statistics. No attempt is made to interpret
the statistics or to provide direction to the reader, lest
reviewers might be biased.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Mathematical models,
'Urban areas, 'Sulfur dioxide, "Meteorological data,
Performance evaluation, Sources, Statistical analysis,
Revisions, Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data),
Missouri, "Air quality, "Regional air pollution study,
Saint Louis(Missouri).
PB84-241181/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Homer City Multistream Coal Cleaning Demon-
stration: A Progress Report. Rept. for Jan 79-Jul
83.
Pennsylvania Electric Co., Johnstown.
D. W. Carey, S. T. Higgins, A. A. Slowik, R. D.
Stoessner, and C. W. Sypult. Aug 84,45p EPA/600/7-
84/090
Contract EPA-68-02-3124
The report gives an overview of ongoing testing and
evaluation of the Homer City Coal Cleaning Plant, built
to enable the Homer City Power Complex to meet
sulfur dioxide (S02) emission levels mandated by the
State of Pennsylvania and the U.S. Government. The
plant was constructed as a result of an extensive com-
parative evaluation of flue gas desulfurization (FGD)
and physical coal cleaning. The Homer City System,
the Multistream Coal Cleaning System (MCCS), was
chosen as an economical alternative to FGD. The
plant contains circuits for cleaning coarse, medium,
and fine coals and for recovering fine and very fine
coals. The dominant type of cleaning equipment used
in the plant is the dense medium cyclone. The original
'93 plant' configuration was never able to clean coal to
the conditions specified in the plant design. An exten-
sive test and evaluation program was begun to identify
and correct the causes of plant operating problems.
After extensive pilot plant equipment tests and engi-
neering studies were completed, recommendations
were made for plant modifications necessary to cor-
rect the design and operating deficiencies of the plant
Extensive modifications were made to one of two par-
allel processing trains in the plant (the 'B' circuits), and
a test program was initiated to evaluate these correc-
tive measures. The modified 'B' circuits have not yet
met design conditions.
Keywords: "Coal preparation, Performance evaluation.
Flue gases, Substitutes, Revisions, Design criteria, Cy-
clone separators, Air pollution, *Air pollution abate-
ment, Homer City Plant, Flue gas desulfurization.
PB84-241838/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Wood Preservative Pesticides: Creosote, Pen-
tachlorophenol and the Inorganic Arsenicals. Po-
sition Document 4.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jul 84,367p EPA/540/9-84/003
See also PB82-229956.
This Position Document 4 contains the Environmental
Protection Agency's (EPA) final decision on the Wood
Preservatives Pentachlorophenol, Creosote and Inor-
ganic Arsenicals. EPA has decided to: restrict use of
these chemicals to certified applicators; require reduc-
tion of dioxin (HxCDD) in pentachlorophenol products'
institute a consumer awareness program tor safe han-
dling of pressure-treated wood; and further protect
workers in wood treatment plants through protective
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
was taken under the authority of the Federal Insecti-
cide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act.
Keywords: 'Wood preservatives, "Pesticides, "Creo-
sote, "Arsenic inorganic compounds, "Environmental
medicine, Chemistry, Public health, Industrial hygiene.
Risk, Regulations, Chlorine organic compounds, Revi-
sions, Protective equipment, Exposure, Toxicity, Bio-
assay, Economic impact, "Phenol/pentachloro, Diben-
zodioxin/hexachloro.
PB84-242551 /HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
NAAQS (National Ambient Air Quality Standards)
Exposure Model (NEM) Applied to Carbon Monox-
ide. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Durham, NC.
T. Johnson, and R. A. Paul. Dec 83,197p EPA/450/5-
83/003
This report presents a version of the National Ambient
Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) Exposure Model (NEM)
suitable for assessing carbon monoxide (CO) expo-
sure and presents the results of applying it to CO. NEM
is a simulation model that simulates the intersection of
a population with pollutant concentrations over space
and time to estimate exposures that would obtain if
various alternative NAAQS were just met. Estimates
are presented for adults with cardiovascular disease in
four urban study areas and for a nationwide extrapola-
tion.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Mathematical models,
"Carbon monoxide, Standards, Exposure, Assess-
ments, Concentration(Composition), Urban areas, Ex-
haust emissions, Tables(Data), Extrapolation, Cardio-
vascular diseases, 'National air quality standards, 'Air
quality, 'NAAQS exposure model, Indoor air pollution.
PB84-242593/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Final Environmental Impact Statement: Proposed
Wastewater Treatment Facilities, Greene County,
Missouri. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, MO.
Region VII.
T. F. Lorenz. Jun 84,231 p EPA/909/9-84/003
See also PB84-190974. Prepared in cooperation with
Sverdrup and Parcel and Associates, Inc., St. Louis,
MO.
This final environmental impact statement addresses
the social, economic, and natural environmental im-
pacts potentially resulting from implementation of the
proposed comprehensive wastewater treatment facili-
ties presented in the Wastewater Facilities Plan for
Greene County, prepared concurrently with this docu-
ment. The Greene County planning area for these
studies was divided into subareas, including the City of
Springfield, six outlying communities, and the remain-
ing unincorporated area. Impacts of the recommended
alternatives were generally found to be beneficial, par-
ticularly to surface and ground water quality and effi-
cient land use planning. Mitigative measures are re-
quired to reduce adverse environmental impacts, in-
cluding damage to riparian habitat and archaeological
resources, potential problems in sink-hole, losing
stream, and landfill areas, stream sedimentation, and
erosion. Cost impacts to residents in presently
unsewered areas will be great, despite efforts to
reduce them.
Keywords: 'Socioeconomic status, "Sewage treat-
ment, 'Environmental impact statements-final, Con-
struction, Land use, Soil erosion, Sewers, Water pollu-
tion, Surface waters, Ground water, Maps, Cost analy-
sis, Tables(Data), Missouri, 'Greene County(Missouri),
Land application. Alternative planning.
PB84-242627/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Water Quality Dependent Water Uses In Puget
Sound. Final rept.
JRB Associates, Inc., Bellevue, WA.
30 Mar 84,203p EPA/910/9-83/118A
Contract EPA-68-01-6348
See also PB84-242635.
In order to protect against further deterioration of
Puget Sound, there is a need to establish a sensitive
monitoring program to document either improvement
or degradation of environmental quality. The National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has
taken the initiative in this effort by sponsoring work to
identify existing monitoring programs and to establish
a new long-term monitoring program for Puget Sound
waters. This report is an outgrowth of an EPA/NOAA
interagency meeting, during which it was recognized
that existing environmental quality data should be con-
sidered in design of the long-term monitoring program.
The objective of this task is to identify existing water
quality and related data for Puget Sound, the Strait of
Juan de Fuca and the Strait of Georgia, and to present
this information. A wide diversity of chemical and bio-
logical data is included. Report number PB84-242627,
Water Quality Dependent Water Uses in Puget Sound,
identifies the water quality dependent uses and pro-
vides some background on each use. PB84-242635,
Identification of Existing Water Quality Data, describes
available data and provides information on contact
persons.
Keywords: "Water quality, "Water pollution. Fishes,
Shellfish, Fisheries, Harvesting, Utilization, "Water
quality data, "Puget Sound.
PB84-242635/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Identification of Existing Water Quality Data. Final
rept.
JRB Associates, Inc., Bellevue, WA.
30 Mar 84, 72p EPA/910/9-83/118B
Contract EPA-68-01 -6348
See also PB84-242627.
In order to protect against further deterioration of
Puget Sound, there is a need to establish a sensitive
monitoring program to document either improvement
or degradation of environmental quality. The National
Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration (NOAA) has
taken the initiative in this effort by sponsoring work to
identify existing monitoring programs and to establish
a new long-term monitoring program tor Puget Sound
waters. This report is an outgrowth of an EPA/NOAA
interagency meeting, during which it was recognized
that existing environmental quality data should be con-
sidered in design of the long-term monitoring program.
The objective of this task is to identify existing water
quality and related data for Puget Sound, the Strait of
Juan de Fuca and the Strait of Georgia, and to present
this information. A wide diversity of chemical and bio-
logical data is included. Report number PB84-242627,
Water Quality Dependent Water Uses in Puget Sound,
identifies the water quality dependent uses and pro-
vides some background on each use. PB84-242635,
Identification of Existing Water Quality Data, describes
available data and provides information on contact
persons.
Keywords: "Water quality, 'Water pollution,
Tables(Data), Profiles, 'Water quality data, "Puget
Sound.
PB84-243096/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Sewage Sludge Incinerator Fuel Reduction, Hart-
ford, Connecticut,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
A. J. Verdouw, E, W. Waltz, and P. F. Gilbert. Aug 84,
56p EPA/600/2-84/146
Contract EPA-68-02-3169
Prepared in cooperation with Indianapolis Center for
Advanced Research, IN., and Hartford Metropolitan
District Commission, CT.
A field demonstration project was conducted at Hart-
ford, Connecticut, which showed that the supplemen-
tal fuel usage for sewage sludge incineration could be
reduced 83%. This was accomplished by using a belt
press filter for dewatering which reduced fuel usage
65% and then fuel efficient burning procedures and
operator training further reduced that amount 51%.
The Hartford plant originally used 122 gallons of fuel
per ton of dry sludge burned, now it uses about 22 gal-
lons of fuel per dry ton burned. Essentially all the 22
gallons of fuel are used to keep the incinerators warm
on the weekend when sludge is not burned.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Incinerators, 'Fuel con-
sumption, Performance evaluation, Dewatering, Solid
waste disposal, Filtration, Air pollution, 'Sewage
sludge, 'Energy conservation, Hartford(Connecticut),
PB84-243112/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Collection Efficiency Evaluation of Mercury-Trap-
ping Media for the SASS Train Implnger System.
Final rept. Apr-Sep 82,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A. D. Shendrikar, A. Damle, and W. F. Gutknecht. Aug
84, 49p EPA/600/7-84/089
Contract EPA-68-02-3626
The report gives results of an investigation of the col-
lection efficiencies of the popularly used media in the
SASS train impinger assembly. A simple mercury-
vapor generator system, based on saturation of air
with mercury vapor at a fixed temperature, was assem-
bled. Performance evaluation of the system indicates
that stable atmospheres of mercury can be generated
with the equilibration temperatures controlled by
Graham condensers. By repeated sampling and analy-
sis of the generated atmospheres and by calibration of
an on-line atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS), the
absorbance readings can be converted directly into
mercury concentrations; i.e., micrograms per cubic
meter. Sample storage stability and field use tests
appear to be the next steps in validating the acidified
medium as being acceptable for use in the SASS train
system.
Keywords: 'Samplers, 'Air pollution, 'Traps, Perform-
ance evaluation, Storage, Field tests, Mercury(Metal),
Temperature, Design criteria, Gas generators, Atomic
spectroscopy, "SASS train impinger systems, "Air pol-
lution sampling.
PB84-243385/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Interim Report on Durability Testing of Low Cost
Catalysts for Methanol-Fueled Vehicles. Technical
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology and Applications Branch.
R. D. Wagner, and L. C. Landman. Aug 84,47p EPA/
AA/CTAB/TA-64/4
This report summarizes a test program which was de-
signed to evaluate the durability of various low cost
catalysts on a fleet of methanol-fueled vehicles. This
durability program is being conducted in cooperation
with the California Energy Commission, Ford Motor
Company, and Toyota Motor Company. The selection
of catalysts for this program is based on the results of
an ongoing, in-house program to evaluate catalysts at
low mileage. The criteria for identifying low cost cata-
lysts for this program were that all candidate catalysts
should have provided the capability to meet the 0.41
hydrocarbon and 3.4 carbon monoxide levels with sub-
stantial margins of safety at low mileage in that previ-
ous program. Additionally, three-way catalysts should
have provided emissions well below the 1.0 nitrogen
oxide level.
Keywords: 'Methyl alcohol, 'Air pollution control
equipment, 'Catalysts, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Durabili-
ty, Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides,
Aldehydes,	Performance	evaluation,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), 'Catalytic
reactors(Exhaust systems), "Automobile exhaust.
PB84-243492/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstratlon of Pesticide
Products Containing Dicamba as the Active Ingre-
dient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Sep 83,130p EPA/540/RS-83/018
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Standards, 'Guidelines, Ge-
netics, Packaging, Labels, Marking, Hazardous materi-
als, Agricultural products, Manufacturing, Public
health, Regulations, Tables(Data), Herbicides, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, 'Reregistration, "Banvel,
Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act,
Anisic acid/dichloro.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB84-243781/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Viral Gastroenteritis,
Massachusetts Univ. Medical School, Worcester.
N. R. Blacklow, and G. Cukor. Aug 84, 69p* EPA/600/
D-84/219
Two virus types have been clearly shown to have epi-
demiologic importance in viral gastroenteritis, i.e., rota-
virus and Norwalk virus. Four other virus types have
been associated with gastroenteritis but their epide-
miologic importance is not yet known, i.e., enteric
adenovirus, calicivirus, astrovirus and a group of small
round viruses that are indistinct morphologically and
are Norwalk-like. In addition, there are a few other un-
culturable viruses found in human stools that are sus-
pected of causing gastrointestinal illness, i.e., enteric
coronavirus-like viruses and other small round viruses
such as mini-rotavirus and mini-reovirus. This report
reviews the current information on the biological char-
acteristics, clinical features, epidemiology and other
aspects of these viral agents.
Keywords: "Gastritis, "Enteritis, "Viruses, Gastrointes-
tinal diseases, Epidemiology, Microorganisms.
PB84-243807/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Optimizing Pumping Strategies for Contaminant
Studies and Remedial Actions. Journal article,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab Ada
OK.
J. F. Keely. 1984, 14p EPA/600/J-84/086
Pub. in Ground Water Monthly Review 4, n3 p63-74
1984.
One of the more common techniques for controlling
the migration of contaminant plumes is the use of
pumping wells to produce desired changes in local
flow rates and hydraulic gradients. When seeking to
optimize an array of pumping well locations and dis-
charge rates, it is important to consider the effects that
non-ideal aquifer conditions, well construction and de-
mographic constraints produce. Heterogeneous and
anisotropic aquifer conditions seriously complicate
siting and discharge rate requirements for pumping
wells because of the distorted cones of depression
that result from withdrawing water in such settings.
Proper screen selection, gravel pack emplacement
and well development are crucial factors affecting the
operational characteristics and economics of pumping
wells; these factors are generally recognized, though
often undervalued. The impacts that well depth and di-
ameter, and screen length and position have on the ef-
fectiveness of pumping efforts are also often underval-
ued, with detrimental consequences.
Keywords: "Groundwater, "Plumes, "Water pollution.
Observation wells, Sampling, Water flow, Aquifers,
Flow rate, Pumping, Selection, Protectors, Gravel, Op-
erations, Depth, Diameters, Hydraulic gradients, Con-
struction, Reprints, "Pumping wells, "Path of pollut-
ants.
PB84-24381S	Not available NTIS
Effects of Strain, Sex, Route of Administration
and Partial Hepatectomy on the Induction by
Chemical Carcinogens of Gamma-Glutamyltran-
speptidase Foci in Rat Liver. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
M. A. Pereira, S. L. Herren-Freund, A. L. Britt, and M.
M. Khoury. c1983,11p EPA/600/J-83/234
Prepared in cooperation with Cincinnati Univ., OH.
Coll. of Medicine.
Pub. in Cancer Letters 20, p207-214 1983.
The incidence of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase
(GGT)-positive foci induced by 0.3 mmol/kg diethylni-
trosamine (DENA) followed by promotion with 500
ppm sodium phenobarbital in drinking water and was
the same in Fischer 344, Sprague-Dawley and Wistar-
Lewis rats. There was no difference in the level of
GGT-foci initiated by DENA, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)-an-
thracene (DMBA), or 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) fol-
lowed by promotion with phenobarbital with respect to
sex or route of administration including gavage and in-
traperitoneal injection. Maximal stimulation by partial
hepatectomy of DENA initiation of GGT-foci occurred
when the DENA was administered 18 h after the oper-
ation. The results indicate that the optimal protocol for
the rat liver foci assay consists of using partial hepa-
tectomized rats of 1 of the 3 strains and of either sex.
The test substance should be administered by either
gavage or intraperitoneal injection so that maximal
212 Vol. 90, NO. 24
DNA binding coincides with the maximal rate of DNA
replication resulting from partial hepatectomy.
Keywords: "Hepatectomy, Liver, Rats,
Stress(Physiology), Sex, Surgery, Reprints, "Carcino-
gens.
PB84-243823	Not available NTIS
Position-Specific Induction of Benzo(a)pyrene
Metabolism by 3-Methylcholanthrene and Pheno-
barbital in Mullet ('Mugil cephalus'), a Marine Fish.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
W. P. Schoor, and M. Srivastava. c1984, 9p EPA/600/
J-84/079
Prepared in cooperation with Auburn Univ., AL. Dept.
of Chemistry.
Pub. in Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 78
C, n2 p391-396 1984.
Mullet (Mugil cephalus), a marine fish, were treated
with 3-methylcholanthrene and phenobarbital by intra-
peritoneal injection, and the effects on the metabolism
of benzo(a)pyrene by isolated liver microsomes were
evaluated. The most significant effect found in treated
fish was an increase in the oxidation of
benzo(a)pyrene at the bay region. A position-specific
increase which was not reflected in an increase in the
total activity. Comparison of metabolite patterns of the
dihydrodiols of benzo(a)pyrene in the presence and
absence of trichloropropene oxide showed the predict-
ed inhibitions were observed in control as well as treat-
ed animals. No significant differences in metabolite
patterns were found between the 3-methylcholanth-
rene- and phenobarbital-treated fish in either presence
or absence of trichloropropene oxide. Comparison is
made to published data on similar position- specific ef-
fects observed in rats.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Metabolism, Fishes,
Liver, Oxidation, Comparison, Laboratory animals. Re-
prints, "Water pollution effects(Animals),
"Benzo(A)pyrene, "Mullet, Benzopyrenes, Mugil ce-
phalus, Cholanthrene/methyl, Phenobarbital.
PB84-243831/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Enteric Virus and Indicator Bacteria Levels in a
Water Treatment System Modified to Reduce Trl-
halomethane Production. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab,, Cincinnati, OH.
R. E. Stetler, R. L. Ward, and S. C. Waltrip. 1984, 8p
EPA/600 / J-84/080
Pub. in Jnl. of Applied and Environmental Microbiolo-
gy, v47 n2 p319-324 Feb 84.
A drinking water treatment plant with high concentra-
tions of trihalomethanes (THMs) in its finished water
and large numbers of viruses in its source water was
located. This plant was used to study the effect of an
alteration in the point of chlorination from the first to
last step of water treatment on the biological and
chemical qualities of its finished water. This alteration
caused some reduction in THM production but THM
concentrations still exceeded the prescribed limit If
100 ug/l. No viruses or bacterial indicators were ever
isolated from the finished water of the modified plant.
Total virus removal by the treatment steps prior to
chlorination (coagulation, sedimentation, sand filtra-
tion) averaged about 90% while removal of bacterial
indicators by these processes averaged between 88
and 98%. Recoveries of viruses and bacterial indica-
tors in the source water were generally negatively cor-
related.
Keywords: "Water treatment, "Viruses, "Chlorination,
Potable water, Bacteria, Coagulation, Sedimentation,
Filtration, Revisions, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Reprints, "Halomethanes, "Biological indi-
cators.
PB84-243906/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Data Acquisition for Environmental Transport and
Fate Screening for Compounds of Interest to the
Office of Solid Waste,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
H. M. Jaber, W. R. Mabey, A. T. Liu, T. W. Chou, and H.
L. Johnson. Feb 84,147p EPA/600/6-84/010
Contract EPA-68-03-2981
See also PB84-243955.
Physical properties, equilibrium, and kinetic constants
for evaluating the transformation and transport in
aquatic systems (or organic chemicals of interest to
the US Environmental Protection Agency's Office of
Solid Waste during FY 1983 have been obtained from
the literature and calculated from theoretical or empiri-
cal relations. Values for selected physical properties
such as melting point, boiling point, vapor pressure,
water solubility, and octanol/water partitioning, and for
rate constants such as hydrolysis, microbial degrada-
tion, photolysis, and oxidation are listed for each
chemical along with the source of the data. Values are
reported in units suitable for use in a current aquatic
fate model. A discussion of the empirical relationships
between water solubility, octanol/water partition coef-
ficients, and partition coefficients for sediment and
biota is presented.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Data acquisition, "Trans-
port properties, "Organic compounds, Physical proper-
ties. Chemical equilibrium, Reaction kinetics, Mathe-
matical models, Sediments, Tables(Data), "Solid
wastes, "Path of pollutants.
PB84-243914/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Methanol Vaporization: Effects on Volumetric Effi-
ciency and on Determination of Optimum Fuel De-
livery System. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technical Support Staff.
W. B. Clemmens. Aug 84. 82p EPA-AA-TSS-83-9
The hypothesis of this study was 'Can methanol inject-
ed into the upstream air passages (additionally to the
normal port injection) cool the inlet air sufficiently
through vaporization to increase the volumetric effi-
ciency, and will the expected increase in volumetric ef-
ficiency translate into improved thermal efficiency."
This hypothesis is derived from the mathematical
equation of volumetric efficiency in which the efficien-
cy is proportional to the mass of air per unit of time
flowing through the engine relative to the swept
volume of the engine during that time. Vaporization
(through fumigation) in the inlet air should cause a tem-
perature drop of the air, which would increase density
and mass flow. To test this hypothesis, two methods of
fumigation were tested, both occurring along with the
normal port injection of the Nissan 2.0 litre NAPS-2
engine. Neither method improved volumetric or ther-
mal efficiency. In fact, the normal port injection without
fumigation gave slightly better results. Because none
of the fumigation systems tested demonstrated any in-
crease in efficiency at the lower power levels tested,
EPA recommended that any plans for fumigation test-
ing on this engine in the future be discontinued.
Keywords: "Fuel systems, 'Vaporizing, "Fumigation,
"Air pollution control, Fuel injection, Motor vehicles!
Heat transfer, Efficiency, Engines, Tables(Data). Per-
formance evaluation, "Methyl alcohol, "Volumetric ef-
ficiency, "Fuel alternates. 'Air pollution abatement.
PB84-243955/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Data Acquisition for Environmental Transport and
Fate Screening,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
H. M. Jaber, W. R. Mabey, A. T, Liu, T. W. Chou, and H
L. Johnson. Feb 84, 312p EPA/600/6-84/009
Contract EPA-68-03-2981
See also PB84-243906.
Physical properties, equilibrium, and kinetic constants
lor evaluating the transformation and transport in
aquatic systems for organic chemicals of interest to
the US Environmental Protection Agency's Office of
Solid Waste have been obtained from the literature
and calculated from theoretical or empirical relations
Values for selected physical properties such as melt-
ing point, boiling point, vapor pressure, water solubility
and octanol/water partitioning, and for rate constants
such as hydrolysis, microbial degradation, photolysis
and oxidation are listed for each chemical along with
the source of the data. Values are reported in units
suitable for use in a current aquatic fate model. A dis-
cussion of the empirical relationships between water
solubility, octanol/water partition coefficients, and par-
tition coefficients for sediment and biota is presented'
Keywords: "Wafer pollution, "Data acquisition, "Trans-
port properties, "Organic compounds. Physical proper,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
matical models, Sediments, Tables(Data), 'Solid
wastes, "Path of pollutants.
PB84-243963/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Removal of Mutagens from Drinking Water by
Granular Activated Carbon: Evaluation Using Bac-
terial Mutagenicity Tests. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
S. Monarca, J. R. Meier, and R. J. Bull. 1983,16p EPA/
600/J-83/248
Pub. in Water Research, v17 n9 p1015-1026 1983.
The performance of a full-scale granular activated
carbon (GAC) treatment system in removing mutagens
from drinking water obtained from the Ohio River has
been evaluated using two bacterial mutagenicity tests.
The Salmonella microsome assay (Ames Test) and a
fluctuation assay were both performed using Salmo-
nella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. Influent
and effluent waters were collected at two GAC ad-
sorbers, one filled with virgin GAC and one with nearly
exhausted GAC. The samples were submitted to re-
verse osmosis (RO) pre-concentration, sequential
liquid liquid extractions and XAD-2 resin adsorption.
The RO aqueous concentrations of both influents gave
positive mutagenic responses with both strains in the
fluctuation assay but no activity in the Ames test. The
extracts and adsorbates showed mutagenic re-
sponses in the Ames test with both strains, the highest
values being observed with TA100 in the absence of
metabolic activation. The summation of mutagenic ac-
tivity on the basis of net revertants per liter indicated
that exhausted GAC removed a substantial fraction
(more than 85%) of the mutagenic activity whereas vir-
tually complete removal was observed with virgin
GAC. These data suggest that short-term mutagenicity
tests may be useful in evaluating the performance of
GAC or other adsorbents used in the treatment of
drinking water.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Bioassay, 'Mutagens,
Potable water, Activated carbon, Ohio River, Perform-
ance evaluation, Bacteria, Toxicity, Reprints, 'Granu-
lar activated carbon treatment, 'Biological indicators,
'Ames test, Reverse osmosis.
PB84-243971	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Enteric Parasites In Workers Occupational^ Ex-
posed to Sewage. Journal article,
Cincinnati Univ. Medical Center, OH. Inst, of Environ-
mental Health.
C. S. Clark, C. C. Linnemann, Jr., J. G. Clark, and P. S.
Gartside. c1984, 7p EPA/600/J-84/098
Grant EPA-R-803643
Pub. in Jnl. of Occupational Medicine, v26 n4 p273-
275 Apr 84.
To determine if parasitic infections occur more fre-
quently among workers exposed to wastewater than
among controls, parasitologic examinations were per-
formed on stool specimens collected over a 12-month
period from sewer and highway maintenance workers.
Three of 56 sewer maintenance workers (5.4%) had at
least one positive specimen compared with 10 of 69
highway workers engaged in street cleaning. Contrary
to studies conducted outside the United States, the
present study does not indicate that parasitic infec-
tions occur more frequently among sewer workers
than among controls in the urban midwestern United
States. The results of this study indicate that there may
be a risk of parasitic infections among street cleaners.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Industrial medi-
cine, 'Sewers, 'Highways, 'Parasitic diseases, Expo-
sure, Toxicity, Inspection, Hazardous materials, Urban
areas, Infectious diseases, Water pollution, 'Street
cleaning, 'Toxic substances, 'Occupational safety
and health, Midwestern Region(United States).
PB84-243989	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
ONA Binding and Adduct Formation of Aflatoxin
B1 In Cultured Human and Animal Tracheobron-
chial and Bladder Tissues. Journal article,
Medical Coll. of Ohio at Toledo.
G. D. Stoner, F. B. Daniel, K. M. Schenck, H. A. J.
Schut, and D. W. Sandwisch. C1982,8p EPA/600/J-
82/437
Grant EPA-R-807670
Pub. in Carcinogenesis, v3 n11 p1345-1347 1982.
DNA binding and adduct formation of aflatoxin B1
(AFB1) was studied in cultured bladder and tracheo-
bronchial explants from human, monkey, dog, hamster
and rat. Explants were exposed to (3H)AFB1 (1 mi-
crometer final concentration) in PFHR-4 medium (pH
7.4) without serum for 24 h, after which epithelial cell
DNA was isolated by hydroxylapatite chromatography.
These binding levels were not correlated with the rela-
tive susceptibilities of these species to AFB1 hepato-
carcinogenesis, in that the hamster and the dog are in-
sensitive, but exhibited the highest binding, while the
susceptible species, the rat and the monkey, had
lower binding. After acid hydrolysis of the isolated
DNA, the (3H)AFB1-DNA adducts were separated by
high-pressure liquid chromatography. In some cases
small amounts (0-8%) of unknown, polar adducts
could be detected.
Keywords: "Deoxyribonucleic acids, 'Chemical analy-
sis, 'Bladder, 'Respiratory system, 'Carcinogens,
"Tissue culture, Laboratory animals, Humans, Expo-
sure, Chromatographic analysis, Chemical bonds,
Separation, Environmental surveys. Reprints, 'Aflatox-
ins, High pressure liquid chromatography.
PB84-244037	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination
of Arsenite in Water Samples by Graphite Furnace
After Extraction with Ammonium sec-Butyldithlo-
phosphate. Journal article,
Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Dept. of Chem-
istry.
D. Chakraborti, K. J. Irgolic, and F. Adams. c1984,8p
EPA/600/J-84/097
Grant EPA-R-804774
Pub. in Jnl. of the Association of Analytical Chemists,
v67 n2 p277-280 1984.
Arsenite - but not arsenate, methylarsonic acid, or di-
methylarsinic acid • is extracted from water samples by
5 mL of a 0.01 M hexane solution of sec-dibutylthio-
phosphate. A 10 microliters aliquot of the extract is in-
jected into an atomic absorption spectrometer with a
graphic furnace for the determination of arsenic. The
calibration curve is linear to 1500 microgram As. Quan-
tities of arsenic as low as 100 ng As (0.2 ppb As when
contained in 500 mL) can be confidently determined.
The method was tested with natural river water and
synthetic river water. The relative standard deviations
associated with the recoveries of arsenite from natural
water and synthetic river water spiked with arsenite
range from 4.8 to 8.0%. Ten to 15 arsenite determina-
tions can be completed in 1 h.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Water pollution, Sam-
ples, Extraction, Chemical analysis, Rivers, Atomic
spectroscopy, Reprints, 'Arsenite, 'Arsonic acid/
methyl, 'Arsfnic acid/dimethyl, 'Water pollution detec-
tion, 'Atomic absorption spectroscopy, Graphite fur-
nace atomic spectroscopy.
PB84-244045	Not available NTIS
Potentially Useful Addition* to the Rural Model
Performance Evaluation. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J. S. Irwin, and M. E. Smith. C1984,14p EPA/600/J-
84/087
Prepared in cooperation with Meteorological Evalua-
tion Services, Inc., Amityville, NY.
Pub. in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Socie-
ty, V65 n6 p559-568 1984.
A peer review of ten rural diffusion models suggested
that there was no basis for choice among them in
terms of predictive accuracy. A subsequent pilot study
conducted by the authors in behalf of the American
Meterological Society committee, suggests that differ-
ent techniques, stressing analysis in preference to per-
formance statistics, may provide a better means of dis-
tinguishing among the models. The work described is,
as it was intended to be, no more than a first attempt at
using the new procedure. It would have to be applied
rigouously to data from a number of sites to establish
its merit.
Keywords: 'Rural areas, 'Mathematical models, 'Air
pollution, Performance evaluation, Reviews, Reprints,
"Air quality.
PB84-244052	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH,
Effects of Trichloroethylene Exposure on Male
Reproductive Function In Rats. Journal article,
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Coll. of Medicine.
H. Zenick, K. Blackburn, E. Hope, N. Richdale, and M.
K. Smith. C1984,18p EPA/600/J-84/092
Pub. in Toxicology 31, p237-250 1984.
The present study was designed to evaluate the influ-
ences of trichloroethylene (TCE) on the reproductive
system of male rats. In addition, information was ob-
tained on the distribution and metabolism of TCE. At
100 days of age, male rats were allowed to copulate
with ovariectomized, hormonally primed females and
copulatory behaviors scored. Fifteen minutes post-
ejaculation, females were sacrificed and ejaculate and
semen plug recovered from the uterus and vagina for
evaluation. These data served as a pre-exposure
baseline for each animal. TCE exposure was then initi-
ated with animals intubated with either 0, 10, 100, or
1000 mg/kg of TCE (10 males/group) for 5 days/week
for 6 weeks. Copulatory behaviors and semen evalua-
tions were conducted at Weeks 1 and 5 as well as 4
weeks post-exposure. Three males/group were sacri-
ficed at the end of the sixth week of exposure and
levels of TCE and its metabolites measured in various
organs and blood.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Exposure, Males, Rats, Re-
prints, Laboratory animals, Distribution, Metabolism,
Reprints, 'Ethylene/trichloro.
PB84-244060	Not available NTIS
Carcinogenic Effects of Acrylamlde in Senear and
A/J Mice. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
R. J. Bull, M. Robinson, R. D. Laurie, G. 0. Stoner, and
E. Greisiger. c1984,9p EPA/600/J-84/091
Prepared in cooperation with Medical Coll. of Ohio at
Toledo.
Pub. in Cancer Research 44, p107-111 Jan 84.
Acrylamide structurally resembles vinyl carbamate, a
proposed proximate carcinogenic form of ethyl carba-
mate. To test the hypothesis that acrylamide should
possess carcinogenic properties, it was tested in the
Salmonella-microsome assay for point mutation, as a
skin tumor initiator in the Senear mouse, and for its
ability to induce lung adenomas in the A/J mouse. Ac-
rylamide was found to be without activity as a mutagen
in Salmonella strains TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98, and
TA 100 both in the presence and absence of rat liver
microsomes using both the plate and liquid suspension
assays. However, acrylamide was found to approxi-
mate ethyl carbamate in potency as a tumor initiator in
the skin of the female Senear mice. As with ethyl car-
bamate, acrylamide was more potent by systemic
routes of administration relative to topical application.
Acrylamide was also found to induce lung adenomas in
male and female A/J mice using both the p.o. and i.p.
routes of administration. Acrylamide was approximate-
ly one-seventh as potent as ethyl carbamate in the in-
duction of lung adenomas. These data confirm the hy-
pothesis that acrylamide possesses carcinogenic
properties similar to ethyl carbamate.
Keywords: 'Bioassay, 'Carcinogens, "Pulmonary neo-
plasms, 'Lung, Environmental surveys, Mice, Labora-
tory animals, Mutagens, Salmonella, Bacteria, Air pol-
lution, Reprints, 'Acrylamide, Air pollution
effects(Animals), Carbamic acid/(ethyl-ester).
PB84-244078	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.
Structure Elucidation of 3-(2-ChloroethoxyH. 2-
Dichloropropene, a New Promutagen from an Old
Drinking Water Residue. Journal article,
Cincinnati Univ. Medical Center, OH.
M. W. Tabor. c1983,11 p EPA/600/J-83/243
Grant EPA-R-808603
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v17
p324-329 Jun 83.
A Salmonella TA100 microsomal-dependent mutagen
previously isolated from residue organics prepared
from drinking water has now been tentatively identified
as a new chloroallyl ether. On the basis of fourier
transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance
spectroscopies in conjunction with high-resolution
mass spectroscopy, a confident structural assignment
for this promutagen was elucidated to be 3-(2-chlor-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
oethoxy)-1, 2-dichloropropene. The relationship of this
compound to mutagens in other drinking water sam-
ples is discussed.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Chemical analysis,
"Water pollution, Residues, Mutagens, Infrared spec-
troscopy, Mass spectroscopy, Water analysis, Re-
prints, *Propene/(chloroethoxy)-(dichloro), "Water
pollution detection, Fourier transform spectroscopy.
PB84-244086/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Identification and Measurement of Components In
Gasoline, Kerosene, and No. 2 Fuel Oil That Parti-
tion into the Aqueous Phase After Mixing. Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
W. E. Coleman, J. W. Munch, R. P. Streicher, H. P.
Ringhand, and F. C. Kopfler. 1984,12p EPA/600/J-
84/089
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 13, p171-178 1984.
Some of the most common spills in waterways involve
petroleum products, which are complex mixtures of
varying compositions, depending on source and refin-
ing procedures. The tendency for components of po-
tential toxicological significance to distribute to the
aqueous phase under spill conditions needs to be de-
termined. This paper is devoted to the chemical analy-
sis of the water-soluble fractions (WSF) of gasoline,
kerosene, and No. 2 fuel oil, which were added to
drinking water and extracted into the aqueous phase
under simulated field conditions. Initial aspects of the
study dealt with the identification and distribution of the
major components to the aqueous phase using pen-
tane extraction and capillary column GC/MS for analy-
ses. Results show that at least 95% by weight of the
components in the WSF of each fuel sample were aro-
matic compounds having 6 to 13 carbons.
Keywords: "Petroleum products, "Water analysis,
Toxicology, Potable water, Water pollution, Gas chro-
matography, Mass spectroscopy, Extraction, Gasoline,
Kerosene, Fuel oil, Concentration(Composition), Re-
prints, "Oil spills, "Water pollution detection.
PB84-244094	Not available NTIS
'Giardia murls': Scanning Electron Microscopy of
In vitro Excystation. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
J. R. Coggins, and F. W. Schaefer.lll. c1984,10p EPA/
600/J-84-081
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Univ.-Milwau-
kee. Dept. of Zoology.
Pub. in Experimental Parasitology 57, p62-67 1984.
A recently developed in vitro excystation procedure re-
sults in almost total excystation of Giardia muris, an in-
testinal parasite of mice. The present experiment ex-
amines the G. muris cyst morphology by scanning
electron microscopy and evaluates the efficacy of the
excystation procedure. Untreated cysts of G. muris
were elliptical and displayed a distinctive surface struc-
ture. Excystation began almost immediately after incu-
bation had begun and most trophozoites emerged
within 30 minutes. Excystation appears to involve fla-
gellar action of the encysted trophozoite. A tear of the
wall occurred at one pole. This opening was subse-
quently enlarged, presumably by flagellar action. Tro-
phozoites emerged, posterior end first, and an associ-
ated mucoid-like material was extruded. Newly
emerged trophozoites were nearly oval in shape. Tro-
phozoites quickly became flattened, elongated and un-
derwent cytokinesis resulting in two daughter tropho-
zoites. Few non-excysted organisms were seen after
30 minutes incubation.
Keywords: "Electron microscopy, "Parasites, In vitro
analysis, Mice, Cultivation, Reprints, Giardia muris,
"Excystation.
PB84-244102	Not available NTIS
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Commercial Utility Flue Gas Desulfurization Sys-
tems. Journal article,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
J. D. Mobley, and J. C. Dickerman. c1984,14pEPA/
600/J-84/084
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
Pub. in Mechanical Engineering, v106 n7 p62-71 Jul
84.
The article discusses the current status of commercial
flue gas desulfurization (FGD) processes applied to
coal-fired utility boilers in the U.S. Major objectives of
the work were to examine the impacts of the 1979 New
Source Performance Standards on FGD system
design and operation, and to identify recent improve-
ments in the technology. In the 4 years since promul-
gation of the NSPS, the wet limestone process has
been selected by utilities for 75% of the new plant ca-
pacity. During this time, 77 plants representing over
37,000 MW of capacity have selected FGD systems.
Several major trends in the design of limestone sys-
tems have become fairly standardized. Nearly all new
systems are being built with spare absorber modules,
to qualify for the NSPS emergency bypass provisions.
The predominant absorber design is the open spray
tower, due to minimal maintenance requirements.
Forced oxygen to produce gypsum solids, which can
then be landfilled, is being incorporated in many new
units. The spray drying process has been selected for
15% of the new sites in the last 4 years. The remaining
throwaway and regenerable systems have not experi-
enced any significant increases in application. Finally,
organic acid addition has been successfully demon-
strated on limestone systems to improve S02 removal
and system reliability. It is being used at two sites to
upgrade older systems.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, Electric
power plants, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Standards, Performance evaluation, Flue gases, Sulfur
dioxide, Scrubbers, Design criteria. Reprints, "Flue gas
desulfurization, "Coal fired power plants, New source
performance standards. Limestone scrubbing.
PB84-244110	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Initiation/Promotion Bloassay in Rat Liver: Use of
Gamma Glutamyltranspeptidase-Posltlve Foci to
Indicate Carcinogenic Activity. Journal article,
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Coll. of Medicine.
M. A. Pereira, S. L. Herren-Freund, A. L. Britt, and M.
M. Khoury. C1982,12p EPA/600/J-82/436
Contract EPA-68-03-2870
Pub. in Toxicologic Pathology, v10 n2 pt 1 -18 1982.
Gamma Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTase)-positive
foci have been used to indicate activity in an initiation/
promotion bioassay in rat liver. This rat liver foci bioas-
say has been proposed for inclusion in tier 2 of a three
tier decision tree approach to carcinogenesis testing
where it would function to confirm carcinogenic activi-
ty. The assay was sensitive to hepatocarcinogens and
some non-hepatocarcinogens and was able to distin-
?uish between tumor initiators and tumor promoters,
he induction of GGTase-positive foci by methylating
agents was associated with the formation of O sup 6
methylguanine and not N-7 methylguanine, which
would indicate a mutagenic origin for the foci. The foci
once induced did not regress over the life time of the
animal. Zonal induction of GGTase activity was in-
duced by some promoters which confounded the scor-
ing of foci incidence. The results to date indicate that
the rat liver foci bioassay warrants further validation for
inclusion in tier 2 and emphasizes the need to demon-
strate the predictive and precursor relationship of
GGTase-positive foci to cancer. (Copyright (c) 1982 by
the Society of Toxicologic Pathologists)
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Bioassay, "Liver, "Carcino-
gens, Laboratory animals, Rats, Environmental sur-
veys, Reprints, "Biological indicators, "Traspeptidase/
glutamyl, Cancer.
PB84-244128/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Optimization of Purging Efficiency and Quantifica-
tion of Organic Contaminants from Water Using a
1-L Closed-Loop-Stripping Apparatus and Com-
Ruterlzed Capillary Column GC/MS. Journal article,
ealth Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
W. E. Coleman, J. W. Munch, R. W. Slater, R. G.
Melton, and F. C. Kopfler. 1983,8p EPA/600/J-82/
037
Pub. in Environmental Science Technology, v17 n10
p571-576 1983.
Optimization of a HERL-designed 1-L closed-loop-
stripping (CLS) system, using variations of sample
water bath temperatures and purging times, was ac-
complished by spiking five 1-chloroalkanes (C6, C8,
C12, C16, and C18) into low organic Milli-Q reagent
water to determine the recovery efficiency of each.
Once operating conditions of purging time and water
bath temperature were determined, on the basis of op-
timum recovery of the 1-chloroalkanes, recovery stud-
ies of a 22-compound standard mixture of organics
were initiated by using two 1 -L CLS devices of different
design. This report supports previous CLS applications
papers (2-4) demonstrating that CLS-capillary column
GC/MS is an excellent method to measure many toxic
organics in drinking water and in groundwater. For
quantitative results, recovery efficiencies of individual
compounds must be determined in the same matrix as
the sample matrix.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "Water analysis,
'Chlorine organic compounds, Traps, Design criteria!
Performance evaluation, Gas chromatography, Mass
spectroscopy, Purging, Ground water, Potable water,
Reprints, "Closed loop stripping systems, "Water pol-
lution detection, Computer applications.
PB84-244144/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Occurrence of Aluminum in Drinking Water. Jour-
nal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
R. G. Miller, F. C. Kopfler, K. C. Kelty, J. A. Stober, and
N. S. Ulmer. 1984,10p EPA/600/J-84/082
Pub. in Jnl. of American Water Works Association, v76
p84-91 Jan 84.
A random selection of 186 water utilities was used for
this study in which raw and finished water samples
were collected from each facility five times throughout
a year and analyzed for iron and aluminum by atomic
absorption techniques. The water samples were cate-
gorized by the supply source (ground, surface, or a
combination of both), the type of water (raw, finished,
or untreated distribution samples), and the type of co-
agulation used in the treatment process (aluminum sul-
fate, ferric chloride, other coagulants such as cationic
polymers, or no coagulant). The samples were also
categorized according to the 10 US Environmental
Protection Agency regions and 4 population catego-
ries. The results indicate that aluminum is more likely
to exist in surface waters than in groundwaters and
that there is a 40-50 percent chance that alum coagu-
lation increases the aluminum concentration of fin-
ished water above its original concentration in the raw
water.
Keywords: 'Potable water, "Aluminum, 'Water analy-
sis, 'Water treatment, "Iron, Ground water, Surface
water, Sampling, Coagulation, Chemical analysis, Re-
prints, 'Water pollution detection.
PB84-244151	Not available NTIS
Assessing the Effect of Colony Counting Methods
and Genetic Drift on Ames Bioassay Results. Jour-
nal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. D. Claxton, S. Toney, E. Perry, and L. King. c1984,
15p EPA/600/J-84/083
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in Environmental Mutagenesis 6, p331-342 1984.
Accuracy of automatic colony counters and variation
among subcultures of the Salmonella tester strains are
two factors that cause variation within the Ames bioas-
say. This paper examines these potential sources of
variation. In contrast to results seen by other research-
ers, this genetic drift study demonstrated that except
for TA100 the subcultures of tester strains from four
research laboratories are very stable in biochemical
characteristics measured using Analytical Profile Index
(API) strips. This study also documented the levels of
accuracy for hand- and automatic-counting tech-
niques, and provides a simple method for generating
acetate calibration transparencies for use with most
colony counters.
Keywords: 'Counting, 'Bacteria, 'Salmonella, Bioas-
say, Assessments, Reprints, Ames test, Colony count-
ing.
PB84-244177	Not available NTIS
Velocity Plots and Capture Zones of Pumping
Centers for Ground-Water Investigations. Journal
article,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada
OK.
J. F. Keely, andC. F. Tsang. C1984,17p EPA/600/J-
83/233
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Prepared in cooperation with California Univ., Berke-
ley. See also DE83-016618.
Pub. in Ground Water, v21 n6 p701-714 Nov/Dec 83.
Nonpumping monitoring wells are commonly installed
and sampled to delineate the extent of a contaminant
plume and its chemical character. Samples from mu-
nicipal and private pumping wells are frequently col-
lected during ground-water contamination investiga-
tions as well. Pumping wells are also employed for re-
medial actions. To properly interpret sampling data
from monitoring and pumping wells and to estimate
their potential effectiveness in remedial actions, it is
important to clearly define the geometry of that portion
of the aquifer contributing water to the well (the cap-
ture zone). Velocity distribution plots by manual and
computerized methods are illustrated and shown to be
simple and of reasonable accuracy.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Water pollution, Pumping,
Water wells, Sampling, Water flow, Plumes, Draw-
down, Aquifers, Geometry, Darcy's law, Mathematical
models, Tables(Data), Reprints.
PB84-244185/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparative Carcinogenic and Mutagenic Activity
of Coal Tar and Petroleum Asphalt Paints Used In
Potable Water Supply Systems. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
M. Robinson, R. J. Bull, J. Munch, and J. Meier. 1984,
10p EPA/600/J-84/088
Pub. in Jnl. of Applied Toxicology, v4 n1 p49-56 1984.
Coal tar and petroleum asphalt paints used as coat-
ings for water pipes and storage tanks were tested in
the Ames mutagenesis and the mouse skin carcino-
genesis bioassays. One coal tar product was positive
when tested as a complete carcinogen in the mouse,
whereas the asphalt paint was negative. The biological
responses to the products were greater than expected
from their polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) con-
tent. These findings suggest that the hazard posed by
these coatings may not be fully explained by their PAH
contents.
Keywords: 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, "Coal
tar, "Carcinogens, "Mutagens, "Asphalt, "Paints,
"Water treatment, "Protective coatings, Petroleum
products, Potable water, Water pipes, Toxicity, Com-
parison, Public health, Hazards, Bioassay, Laboratory
animals, Mice, Reprints, "Toxic substances, Ames
test.
PB84-244193/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Response ot Tall Fescue, Bush Bean, and Maize
to Chrome Tannery Sludge In Soils. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
C. Wickliff, V. V. Volk, D. T. Tingey, W. L. Griffis, and M.
Y. Trunk. 1984,27p EPA/600/J-84/096
Pub. in Environmental Pollution (Series A) 33, p353-
3771984.
Tannery sludge was compared with commercial nitro-
gen fertiliser to investigate its potential use as an alter-
native to commercial fertiliser. Soils containing 38%
and 7% organic carbon and with nitrogen contents of
1-3% and 0-2%, respectively, were amended with
either commercial N fertiliser or tannery sludge which
contained 1-6% chromium. Part of the tannery waste
was supplemented with additional chromium (Cr(+3))
salt before being added to the soils. Tall fescue, bush
bean, and maize were grown in the sludge-treated
soils and their tops harvested. First harvest yields of
dry matter increased when tannery sludge was added
to the soil, although less than with commercial N addi-
tion. Yields from subsequent harvests were larger from
soils amended with tannery sludpe. Yields of bush
beans, maize, and tall fescue will increase when tan-
nery sludge is added to soils; however, benefits of the
sludge will depend upon: (1) nitrogen status of the soil;
(2) organic content of the soil; (3) salt and Cr content
of the tannery waste; (4) plant species; and (5) soil pH
reaction.
Keywords: "Sludge disposal, "Fertilizers, "Tanning
materials, Soils, Nutrients, Organic compounds, Salts,
Chromium, pH, Farm crops, Reprints, "Waste utiliza-
tion, Tall fescue, Bush beans, Maize.
PB84-244201	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Influence of Water Quality on Enteric Virus Con-
centration by Microporous Filter Methods. Journal
article.
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
M. D. Sobsey, and J. S. Glass, cl 984,8p EPA/600/J-
84/093
Grant EPA-R-806677
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v47
n5 p956-960 May 84.
Four enteric viruses, poliovirus type 1, echovirus type
1, reovirus type 3 and simian adenovirus SV-11, were
concentrated from seeded 1.3L-volumes of raw, fin-
ished and granular activated carbon (GAC)-treated
waters by adsorption to 47 mm diameter (17 sq cm),
electropositive (Virosorb 1MDS) filters at pH 7.5 or
electronegative (Filterite) filters at pH 3.5 with and
without 5 mM added MgCI2, followed by elution with
0.3% beef extract in 50 mM glycine at pH 9.5. Remov-
al of particulates from raw and finished waters by 0.2
micrometer prefiltration prior to virus addition and pH
adjustment had little effect on virus concentration effi-
ciencies. Soluble organic compounds reduced virus
adsorption efficiencies from both raw and finished
waters compared to GAC-treated water, but the extent
of interference varied with virus type and adsorption
conditions. For electropositive 1MDS filters, organic in-
terference was similar with all virus types. For Filterite
filters, organic interference was evident with poliovirus
and echovirus, but could be overcome by adding
MgCI2. (Copyright (c) American Society for Microbiolo-
gy 1984.)
Keywords: "Enteroviruses, "Activated carbon treat-
ment, "Water pollution control, Ultrafiltration, Remov-
al, Adsorption, Organic compounds, Accumulation, Ef-
ficiency, Reprints, Particulates, "Microporous filters,
"Drinking water.
PB84-24442S/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Aluminum Form-
ing Point Source Category. Volume 1. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
J. K. Goodwin. Jun 84,715p EPA/440/1-84/073-VOL-
1
See also PB84-244433.
This document provides the data and rationale used to
develop the effluent limitations and standards for the
Aluminum Forming point source category.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Aluminum indus-
try, "Aluminum, "Guidelines, "Standards,
Tables(Data), Industrial waste treatment, Sampling,
Performance standards, Hot working, Cold working,
"Baseline studies, "Point sources, Water pollution
standards, Pretreatment(Water), Best technology,
Waste water reuse.
PB84-244433/HSU	PC A25/MF A01
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Aluminum Form-
ing Point Source Category. Volume 2. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
J. K. Goodwin. Jun 84,594p EPA/440/1 -84/073-VOL-
2
See also PB84-244425.
This document provides the data and rationale used to
develop the effluent limitations and standards for the
Aluminum Forming point source category.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Aluminum indus-
tiv, "Aluminum, "Guidelines, "Standards,
*Tables(Data), "Industrial waste treatment, Economic
impact, Performance standards, Hot working. Cold
working, "Baseline studies, Effluents, "Point sources,
"Water pollution standards, Pretreatment(Water), Best
technology, Waste water reuse.
PB84-244441/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Evaluation of Septic Tank System Effects on
Ground Water Quality. Final rept.,
National Center for Ground Water Research, Norman,
OK.
L. Canter, and R. C. Knox. Jun 84,381 p* EPA/600/2-
84/107
This study summarizes literature concerning the types
and mechanisms of ground-water pollution from septic
tank systems and provides information on methodolo-
gies for evaluating the ground water pollution potential.
The conclusions are: (1) septic tank systems represent
a significant source of ground-water pollution in the
United States since many systems are exceeding their
design life, the usage of synthetic organic chemicals in
the household is increasing, and larger-scale systems
are being designed and used; (2) a key issue is related
to understanding the transport and fate of system ef-
fluents in the subsurface environment; (3) no specific
technical methodology exists for evaluating ground
water effects of septic tank systems, however, applica-
tion of two empirical assessment methodologies (sur-
face impoundment assessment and waste-soil-site
interaction matrix) adjusted for annual wastewater flow
and analytical method for determining water table rise,
and a solute-transport model for ground water flow
and pollutant concentrations has met with some suc-
cess.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Septic tanks, "Water pol-
lution, "Reviews, Design, Service life, Mathematical
models, Waste water, Water flow, Subsurface drain-
age, Organic compounds, Percolation, "Path of pollut-
ants.
PB84-245117/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program. Comparison
of Nonpolnt Pollution Loadings from Suburban
and Downtown Central Business Districts. Final
rept.
Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments,
DC.
Jan 81,54p
Grant EPA-P-003208-01
Prepared in cooperation with Northern Virginia Plan-
ning District Commission, Falls Church.
This project tested the hypothesis that nonpoint
source loading factors in the downtown Washington,
D.C., Central Business District (CBD) would be higher
than those in a suburban CBD. Two Washington, D.C.,
CBD test watersheds were sampled, and their loading
characteristics were compared with results of a study
done previously in a suburb in Arlington County, VA.
The report concludes by recommending nonpoint pol-
lution loading factors for planning studies of suburban
and downtown CBD's.
Keywords: "Urban hydrology, "Urban planning, "Water
quality, "Surface water runoff, Water pollution. Hydrol-
ogy, Watersheds, Storm water drainage. Sediments,
Comparison, Mathematical models, "Nonpoint
sources, Land use.
PB84-245216/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Draft Supplement to Final Environmental Impact
Statement: Final Designation Georgetown Ocean
Dredged Material Disposal Site.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Jun 84,77p EPA/904/6-84/121
Prepared in cooperation with Army Engineer District,
Charleston, SC.
This Supplement to the Final EIS for Savannah, Ga.,
Charleston, S.C., and Wilmington, N.C, Ocean
Dredged Material Disposal Site Designation considers
permanent designation of a similar site for the George-
town Harbor area, which lies within the region de-
scribed in the Final EIS. US EPA must designate suita-
ble dredged material disposal sites in ocean waters ac-
cording to the Marine Protection, Research and Sanc-
tuaries Act of 1972. Alternatives to the proposed
action which were considered include: no permanent
site designation, designate a mid-shelf site or a site in
the shelf-break region further offshore; and some
other nearshore site in the general area of that pro-
posed.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, "Georgetown
Harbor, "Environmental impact statements-draft,
Spoil, Dredging, Sites, Shores, Maps, Invertebrates,
Marine fishes, Acceptability, Hazardous materials, Pro-
posals, Sediments, Classifications, "Ocean waste dis-
posal, "Marine disposal.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB84-245273/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Compilation ol Air Toxic and Trace Metal Summa-
ry Statistics,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
W. F. Hunt, Jr., R. B. Faoro, and G. M. Duggan. Jul 84,
177p* EPA/450/4-84/015
The report summarizes both air toxic data compiled by
Dr. Hanwant B. Singh of SRI International and selected
trace metal and benzo(a)pyrene data contained on the
National Aerometric Data Bank's (NADB) Storage and
Retrieval of Aerometric Data (SAROAD). The pollut-
ants, that are summarized, are listed in Tables 1 and 2.
Table 1 is a list of 37 priority chemicals under assess-
ment as potential carcinogens (Type A pollutants),
while Table 2 lists SO additional chemicals that are
under assessment (Type B pollutants). Of the 37 pol-
lutants listed in Table 1, data were obtained on 24 pol-
lutants. This compares with finding information on only
17 of the 50 additional chemicals. In addition to the
above pollutants, arsenic and benzene are summa-
rized in Attachment A. Emphasis has been placed on
obtaining long-term averages to match the concern
with chronic long-term exposure of human populations
to these pollutants. A long-term averaging time may be
appropriate for known and suspected carcinogens de-
pending on the compounds ability to induce significant
health impacts.
Keywords: * Air pollution, 'Statistical data, 'Metals,
'Trace elements, 'Carcinogens, Public health, Risk,
Exposure, Tables(Data), Assessments, 'Air quality
data, 'Volatile organic compounds, "Storage and re-
trieval of aerometric data, 'Toxic substances, "Benzo-
pyrenes, "Air pollution effects(Humans).
PB84-245281/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Data Acquisition for Environmental Transport and
Fate Screening for Compounds of Interest to the
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
H. M. Jaber, W. R. Mabey, A. T. Liu, T. W. Chou, and H.
L. Johnson. Feb 84,156p* EPA/600/6-84/011
Contract EPA-68-03-2981
Physical properties, equilibrium, and kinetic constants
for evaluating the transformation and transport in
aquatic systems for organic chemicals of interest to
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response have been ob-
tained from the literature and calculated from theoreti-
cal or empirical relations. Values for selected physical
properties such as melting point, boiling point, vapor
pressure, water solubility, and octanol/water partition-
ing, and for rate constants such as hydrolysis, microbi-
al degradation, photolysis, and oxidation are listed for
each chemical along with the source of the data.
Values are reported in units suitable for use in a cur-
rent aquatic fate model. A discussion of the empirical
relationships between water solubility, octanol/water
partition coefficients, and partition coefficients for sedi-
ment and biota is presented.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Chemical com-
pounds, 'Transport properties, 'Water pollution,
'Data acquisition, Physical properties, Chemical equi-
librium, Reaction kinetics, Hydrolysis, Photolysis, Oxi-
dation, Sediments, Biodeterioration, Tables(Data), Sol-
ubility, 'Toxic substances, Path of pollutants, Biotrans-
formations.
PB84-245430/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pathogen Reduction Studies in EPA's (Environ-
mental Protection Agency's) Sludge Management
Program,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Div.
J. B. Farrell. Aug 84,13p EPA/600/D-84/220
Since about 1976, EPA's Sludge Management Pro-
gram has devoted a substantial portion of its resources
towards evaluating existing and new sludge stabiliza-
tion processes for their ability to reduce or eliminate
pathogens. This presentation reviews the nature and
extent of these efforts and the plans for future work.
Early efforts concentrated on processes that produce
a disinfected sludge, such as thermophilic aerobic and
anaerobic digestion and composting. Chemical treat-
ment processes such as liming to pH 12 proved to be
less effective than thermal processes because they
did not eliminate the eggs of certain intestinal worms
216 Vol. 90, No. 24
(e.g., Ascaris, Toxacara) which were found to be ubiq-
uitous in sludges. Criteria tor limiting potential adverse
effects from pathogens in sludge applied to land, pub-
lished in September 1979 (see 40 CFR, Part 257), rec-
ognized the different capabilities of processes for re-
ducing pathogens; process conditions to produce the
desired reductions were drawn from the above work
and are published in the criteria. Future work will in-
clude support for further development of EPA's regula-
tions and guidance related to sludge management, to
upgrading in a cost-effective fashion processes that
reduce or eliminate pathogens in sludge, and investi-
gation of low technology means to disinfect sludge.
Keywords: 'Pathology, 'Sludge disposal, 'Disinfec-
tion, Regulations, Aerobic processes, Anaerobic proc-
esses, Composting, Cost effectiveness,
Lagoons(Ponds), Sewage treatment, 'Sludge treat-
ment, "Waste management, 'Sewage sludge, 'Patho-
gens, Chemical treatment, Land disposal.
PB84-245497/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program. Pollutant Re-
moval Capability of Urban Best Management
Practices in the Washington Metropolitan Area.
Final rept. 1979-83.
Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments,
DC.
Oct 83, 69p
Grant EPA-P-003208-01
Prepared in cooperation with Virginia Polytechnic Inst,
and State Univ., Blacksburg and Northern Virginia
Planning District Commission, Annandale.
Seven area best management practices were moni-
tored and evaluated in terms of their overall pollutant
removal performance. The major factors which influ-
enced their effectiveness were identified, and general
design principles which would maximize pollutant re-
moval for each type of BMP were proposed. The types
of BMP's evaluated included: 'Dry' Stormwater man-
agement Ponds, 'Wet' Ponds, Grassed Roadside
Swale, Infiltration Controls, and Porous Pavement.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Water pollution control, "Urban
areas, Monitoring, Stream flow, Rain fall, Storm
sewers, Sediment transport, Evaluation, Ponds, Fluid
infiltration, Porosity, Pavements, 'Washington Metro-
politan Area, Best management practices, 'Storm
water runoff.
PB84-245505	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Comparison of the In vivo and In vitro Response
of Mammalian Embryos to a Teratogenic Insult.
Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Medi-
cine.
C. W. Warner, T. W. Sadler, J. Shockey, and M. K.
Smith. C1983,14p EPA/600/J-83/242
Grant EPA-R-808888
Prepared in cooperation with Cincinnati Univ., OH.
Pub. in Toxicology, v28 p271-282 1983.
This study serves to further define the capabilities of
the whole embryo culture system using the known ter-
atogen, Hydroxyurea (HU). An initial in vivo study was
performed where by day 9 pregnant mothers were in-
jected IP with 300 mg/kg HU. Dams were sacrificed
two days later and embryos were analyzed for malfor-
mations and total embryonic protein. In addition, the
peak plasma value from injected dams was found to
be approximately 300 micrograms/ml with a plasma
half-life of 30 minutes. These values were then repro-
duced in the culture system with similar results noted
in cultured embryos with respect to the type of malfor-
mations found. Additional in vitro experiments were
performed varying both exposure time and drug level
concentrations. Results indicate that both of these pa-
rameters are important considerations when designing
in vitro experiments.
Keywords: "Toxicology, In vivo analysis, In vitro analy-
sis, Comparison, Responses, Reprints, "Teratogene-
sis, Embryos, 'Hydroxyurea.
PB84-245513	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Load-
ing Trends In Lake Michigan. Journal article,
Limno-Tech, Inc., Ann Arbor, Ml.
P. W. Rodgers, and W. R. Swain. c1983,13p EPA/
600/J-83/245
Prepared in cooperation with Amsterdam Univ. (Neth-
erlands).
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research 9, n4 p548-558
1983.
PCB concentrations in coregonid fishes (bloater
chubs) collected from Lake Michigan between 1972
and 1980 are used to infer a historical loading trend for
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). A mass balance
model was developed to describe the dynamics of
PCBs by assuming that historical fish concentrations
are proportional to concurrent water column concen-
trations of PCB. The validity of this assumption is
strengthened, since the data represent a single spe-
cies of fish (a pelagic feeder), a specific age class of
the species, and a single laboratory performing the
collections and analysis of the data. The results of
model analysis indicate that PCB loading to Lake
Michigan during the period ol observation can be de-
scribed by a linearly decreasing trend. The calibrated
model also forecasts the response of selected fish
species to various loading scenarios. (Copyright (c) In-
ternal. Assoc. Great Lakes Res., 1983.)
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Toxicity, 'Water pollution, 'Lake
Michigan, Biphenyls, Chlorine organic compounds,
Concentration(Composition), Chemical analysis,
Salmon, Trout, Age, Sampling, Periodic variations,
Tables(Data), Reprints, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls,
Organic loading.
PBB4-245521	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Comparison of the Lung Adenoma Response in
Strain A/J Mice after Intraperitoneal and Oral Ad-
ministration of Carcinogens. Journal article,
Medical Coll. of Ohio at Toledo.
G. D. Stoner, E. A. Greisiger, H. A. J. Schut, M. A.
Pereira, and T. R. Loeb. C1984,14p EPA/600/J-84/
090
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v72
P313-323 1984.
This study was undertaken to compare the ability of a
series of compounds from different chemical classes
to induce lung tumors in strain A/J mice after either ip
or po administration. 3-Methylcholanthrene,
benzo(a)pyrene, urethan, dlethylnitrosamine, ethylni-
trosourea, and dimethylhydrazine induced a
significant(p < 0.05: t test)increase in the lung tumor
response when given both ip and po. 2,4-Dinitrotolu-
ene, 2,6-dinitrotoluene, and a 2:1 mixture of 2,4-dinitro-
toluene and 2,6-dinitrotoluene were inactive by both
routes of administration and at all dose levels. The
lung tumor response to all doses of 3-methylcholanth-
rene and benzo(a)pyrene, the highest dose of diethyl-
nitrosamine, and the middle doses of both ethylnitro-
sourea and dimethylhydrazine varied as a function of
the route of administration.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Adenoma, Bioassay, Neo-
plasms, Mice, Laboratory animals, Responses, Re-
prints, 'Carcinogens.
PB84-24S539	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Community Waterborne Gastroenteritis Outbreak:
Evidence for Rotavirus as the Agent. Journal arti-
cle,
Colorado Dept. of Health, Denver.
R. S. Hopkins, G. B. Gaspard, F. P. Williams, Jr., R. J.
Karlin, and G. Cukor. C1984, 5p EPA/600/J-84/099
Contract EPA-68-03-2927, Grant EPA-R-808801
Prepared in cooperation with Massachusetts Univ.
Medical School, Worcester.
Pub. In American Jnl. of Public Health, v74 n3 p263-
265 Mar 84.
A community waterborne nonbacterial gastroenteritis
outbreak occurred in Eagle-Vail, Colorado in March
1981. Illness (defined as vomiting and/or diarrhea)
was statistically associated with water consumption.
Five of seven persons associated with the outbreak
were infected with rotavirus as shown by virus detec-
tion or serological methods. Bacterial pathogens, Giar-
dia lamblia, and Norwalk virus were excluded as re-
sponsible agents. Rotavirus should be looked for as a
cause of waterborne outbreaks.
Keywords: "Viral diseases, "Gastritis, "Enteritis, Vi-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
effects(Animals), Rotaviruses, Serodiagnosis, Patho-
gens, Giardia lamblia.
PB84-245547/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Bacterial Indicators of Recreational Water Qual-
ity. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
A. P. Dufour. 1984, 9p EPA/600/J-84/100
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Public Health, v75 p49-56
Jan/Feb 84.
The selection of bacterial indicators of recreational
water quality are considered with respect to suggested
ideal characteristics, such as association with patho-
gens, growth in aquatic environments, resistance to
disinfection and ease of enumeration, and through the
use of epidemiological-microbiological techniques. On
the basis of these considerations the traditional indica-
tors of water quality, total and fecal coliforms, were
found to be clearly inadequate. Conversely, E. coli and
enterococci met most of the ideal characteristics in
freshwater environments, whereas only enterococci
were found to be efficient for indexing water quality in
marine environments.
Keywords: 'Bacteria, 'Recreational areas, "Water pol-
lution, Fresh water, Growth, Epidemiology, Coliform
bacteria, Escherichia coli, Disinfection,
Tolerances(Physiology), Selection, Indicator species,
Reprints.
PB84-245554	Not available NTIS
Disinfection. Journal article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
A. D. Venosa, and N. Ram. c1984,16p EPA/600/J-
84/085
Prepared in cooperation with Massachusetts Univ.,
Amherst. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
V56n6p602-614 1984.
This report is a comprehensive, descriptive literature
review of the microbiology and chemistry of
wastewater disinfection from November 1982 to No-
vember 1983. There are 177 references dealing with
microbiology, analytical methods, chemical reactions
of disinfectants, and formation of by-products.
Keywords: 'Disinfection, 'Water chemistry, 'Microbi-
ology, 'Water pollution control. Water treatment, In-
dustrial waste treatment, Chlorination, Ozonization,
Chemical analysis, Byproducts, Water analysis, Oxi-
dizers, Ultraviolet radiation, Irradiation, Potable water,
Microorganisms, Reprints, Halomethanes, Chemical
reaction mechanisms.
PB84-245S62	Not available NTIS
Selection of Candidate Compounds for In vitro
Teratogenesis Test Validation. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
M. K. Smith, G. L. Kimmel, D. M. Kochhar, T. H.
Shepard, and S. P. Spielberg. C1983,22p EPA/600/J-
83/241
Prepared in cooperation with Hospital for Sick Chil-
dren, Toronto (Ontario), Jefferson Medical Coll., Phila-
delphia, PA., National Center for Toxicological Re-
search, Jefferson, AR., and Washington Univ., Seattle.
School of Medicine.
Pub. in Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagen-
esis 3, p461 -480 1983.
The Consensus Workshop on In Vitro Teratogenesis
Testing recommended that test validation be facilltat-
ed by a listing of agents with defined teratogenicity;
subsequently, a panel was convened to review and
select such agents. This communication establishes a
list of 47 compounds or conditions which demonstrate
a wide range of teratogenicity in vivo. The agents were
chosen primarily on the strength of the literature base
denoting their in vivo effects. The tables note a
number of general biological and toxicological charac-
teristics for each agent, and the details of representa-
tive in vivo teratology studies are summarized and ref-
erenced. This list is intended to serve as a base for in
vitro teratogenesis test validation and should prove
useful In developing and identifying those systems
which will contribute to a more effective testing pro-
gram.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, In vitro analysis. Validation.
Tests, In vivo analysis, Reprints, 'Teratogenesis.
PB84-245570	Not available NTIS
Interspecies Comparisons of Benzo(a)pyrene Me-
tabolism and DNA-Adduct Formation in Cultured
Human and Animal Bladder and Tracheobronchial
Tissues. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
F. B. Daniel, H. A. J. Schut, D. W. Sandwisch, K. M.
Schenck, and C. 0. Hoffmann. C1983,9p EPA/600/
J/-83/240
Prepared in cooperation with Medical Coll. of Ohio at
Toledo.
Pub. in Cancer Research 43, p4723-4729 Oct 83.
Cultured bladder and tracheobronchial explants from
human, monkey, dog, hamster, and rat were used to
study the metabolism, covalent binding to DNA, and
DNA:adduct formation of (3H0benzo(a)pyrene (BP).
Both organs from all species formed large amounts
(40 to 70% of total 3H in the medium after 24 hr of in-
cubation) of polar material and small amounts (<1%
for animal tissues and 1 to 5% for human tissues) of
organic solvent-extractable (unconjugated) metabo-
lites, with the balance (14 to 38%) being unmetabo-
lized BP.
Keywords: 'Deoxyribonucleic acids, Comparisons,
Metabolism, Tissues(Biology), Reprints, 'Benzopyr-
ene, 'Carcinogens.
PB84-245S88/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Disease Outbreaks Caused by Drinking Water.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
A. P. Dufour. 1983,6p EPA/600/J-83/239
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
v55 n6 p905-908 Jun 83. See also PB81-116683.
Thirty-two waterborne disease outbreaks were report-
ed to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the
Environmental Protection Agency in 1981. The out-
breaks occurred in 17 states and involved 4430 cases.
This was only 64% of the number of outbreaks that
were reported in 1980 and the total number of individ-
uals involved in 1981 was less than one-quarter of that
reported for the previous year. The causal agent was
unknown in 44% of the 1981 outbreaks; Giardia lamb-
lia was identified as the etiological agent in 28%, and
chemical agents caused 16% of the outbreaks. The
remaining 12% of the outbreaks were caused equally
by Shigella, Campylobacter, V. cholera 01 and rota-
virus. Fifty-six percent of the outbreaks occurred in pri-
vate or noncommunity water systems and the remain-
der were observed in community public supply sys-
tems. Most of the outbreaks (75%) were caused by the
use of untreated or inadequately treated water.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Diseases, Public health,
Etiology, Statistical data, Reprints, 'Drinking water.
PB84-245596	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Limnetic Larval Fish in the Nearshore Zone of the
South Shore of the Central Basin of Lake Erie.
Journal article,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Center for Lake Erie Area
Research.
C. L. Cooper, C. E. Herdendorf, J. J. Mizera, and A. M.
White. c1983,5p EPA/600/J-83/247
Pub. in Ohio Jnl. of Science 83, n3 p138-1401983.
This report presents the results of a survey of larval
fish in the nearshore zone of the central basin of Lake
Erie from Conneaut to Sandusky, Ohio. Larval fish
were sampled at 10 transects during each of 8 cruise
periods between 2 May and 9 August 1978. Concen-
trations of fish larvae were calculated on the basis of
the number of larvae collected in each tow and the
volume of water filtered, as computed from flowmeter
data. Mean density of each species group was calcu-
lated and expressed as numbers of larvae per 100 cu
m. Of the 25 taxa collected, larval clupeids, emerald
shiner (Notropis atherinoides) and spottail shiner (N.
hudsonius) comprised 82.4% of the larval fish cap-
tured. Significant differences were not detected be-
tween the 10 transects for prolarval or total larval den-
sities of rainbow smelt, carp/goldfish, and logperch or
for prolarval densities of spottail shiners and yellow
perch. (Copyright (c) Ohio Acad. Science 1983.)
Keywords: 'Larvae, 'Fresh water fishes, 'Lake Erie,
Sampling, Density(Mass/volume), Carp, Shiners.
Perch, Surveys, Tables(Data), Reprints.
PB84-245604	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Early Eutrophication In the Lower Great Lakes:
New Evidence from Biogenic Silica in Sediments.
Journal article,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor.
C. L. Schelske, E. F. Stoermer, D. J. Conley, J. A.
Robbins, and R. M. Glover. c1983,7p EPA/600/J-83/
246
Pub. in Science, v222 p320-322 Oct 83.
New evidence from studies of biogenic silica and dia-
toms in sediment cores indicates that eutrophication in
the lower Great Lakes resulted from nutrient enrich-
ment associated with early settlement and forest clear-
ance. Diatom production peaked from 1820 to 1850 in
Lake Ontario, at about 1880 in Lake Erie, but not until
1970 in Lake Michigan. This is the first reported sedi-
ment record of the silica-depletion sequence for the
Great Lakes. (Copyright (c) American Association for
the Advancement of Science 1983.)
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Great Lakes, Sampling,
Sediments, Cores, Silicon dioxide, Depletion, Diatoms,
Nutrients, Reprints, 'Eutrophication, Organic loading.
PB84-245620	Not available NTIS
Effect of Coadministration of Phenobarbltal
Sodium on N-Nltrosodtethylamlne-lnduced
Qamma-Glytamyltranaferase-Positlve Foci and
Hepatocellular Carcinoma In Rats. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
M. A. Pereira, S. L. Herren-Freund, A. L. Britt, and M.
M. Khoury. C1984,7p EPA/600/J-84/094
Prepared in cooperation with Cincinnati Univ., OH.
Col[ of Medicine.
Pub. in Jnl. of the National Cancer Institute, v72 n3
P741-743 Mar 84.
The effect of concurrent administration of phenobarbi-
tal on the hepatocarcinogenicity of N-nitrosodiethyla-
mine (diethylnitrosamine; DENA) in rats was investigat-
ed by determination of the incidence of gamma-gluta-
myltransferase (gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase)
(GGT)-positive foci and liver tumors. Male outbred
Sprague-Dawley rats received either a weekly oral
dose of DENA (0.08 mol/kg), phenobarbital sodium
(500 ppm) in their drinking water, or DENA and pheno-
barbital sodium concurrently. After 16 weeks, only the
animals treated concurrently with DENA and pheno-
barbital sodium had GGT-positive foci (3.65 foci/sq
cm). At 30 weeks, the group treated with DENA and
phenobarbital sodium exhibited more foci (23.6 foci/sq
cm) compared to the group that received only DENA
(3.08 foci/sq cm). The average size of foci in both of
the DENA-treated groups was the same. The tumors in
the group that received DENA plus phenobarbital
sodium showed a greater incidence of GGT activity
compared to the tumors in the DENA group. Under the
conditions of this study the incidence of GGT-positive
foci did not predict the incidence of hepatocellular car-
cinomas.
Keywords: 'Carcinogens, 'Environmental surveys,
Laboratory animals, Rats, Liver, Neoplasms, Nitrogen
organic compounds, Reprints, 'Phenobarbital,
'GGTase-positive foci, *Diethylamine/N-nitroso,
ATPase-deficient foci.
PB84-245638	Not available NTIS
Effect of Dlbutylnitrosamlne and Saccharin on
Glutamyl Transpeptidase-Posltlve Foci and Liver
Cancer. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
M. A. Pereira, S. L. Herren, and A. L. Britt. c1983,8p
EPA/600/J-83/236
Prepared in cooperation with Cincinnati Univ., OH.
Coli. of Medicine.
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v50 p169-
1761983.
An attempt was made to evaluate whether the simulta-
neous administration of the urinary bladder tumor pro-
moter, saccharin, and the substance being tested for
carcinogenicity could be developed into a rapid and ef-
ficient bioassay for bladder carcinogens. Dibutylnitro-
samine (DBN) a bladder and-to a lesser extent-liver
carcinogen, was used as the test substance. The at-
tempted evaluation failed because of the high inci-
dence of liver cancer in the rats that simultaneously re-
ceived DBN and saccharin.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Malignant neoplasms, "Antineoplastic
agents, Liver, Reprints, "Nitrosamine/dibutyl, "Sac-
charin, 'Cancer, "Foci.
PB84-24S646/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Tumor Promotion in Rat Liver. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab,, Cincinnati, OH.
S. L. Herren, and M. A, Pereira. 1983,9p EPA/600/J-
83/237
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v50 p123-
129 1983.
An initiation promotion bioassay for chemical carcino-
gens and tumor promoters has been developed in rat
liver using presumed preneoplastic lesions, foci of
gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTase)-positive he-
patocytes, as the endpoint. To evaluate the tumor-pro-
moting activity of phenobarbital, rats were adminis-
tered diethylnitrosamine (DENA), 2.0 mmole/kg, fol-
lowed by 500 ppm phenobarbital in their drinking
water. After 6 weeks of phenobarbital promotion, the
rats, had an increased incidence of foci as compared
to nonphenobarbital-treated rats. By 50 weeks, the
number of foci in the nonpromoted animals equaled
the number observed with promotion. The stability and
progression of GGTase-positive foci was determined
in rats that received a 2/3 partial hepatectomy, fol-
lowed 24 hours later by DENA administration (0.3
mmole/kg). The rats then received 500 ppm pheno-
barbital in the drinking water for 7 weeks. After 7
weeks, half of the rats were continued on phenobarbi-
tal and the other half were removed from phenobarbi-
tal treatment.
Keywords: "Phenobarbital, "Toxicology, Bioassay,
Rats, Liver, Barbiturates, Reprints, "Carcinogenesis.
PB84-245653/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Role of 06-Methylation in the Initiation of
GGTase-Posltive Foci. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
M. A. Pereira, L. H. C. Lin, and S. L. Herren. 1983,12p
EPA/600/J-83/238
Pub. in Chemical and Biological Interactions, v43
p313-322 1983.
The ability of seven methylating agents to form 7-
methylguanine and O sup 6-methyl-guanine was com-
pared to their ability to initiate carcinogenesis as meas-
ured by the initiation of GGTase-positive foci. The
seven methylating agents studied were diazald, DMH,
DMN, DMS, MMS, MNNG, and MNU. The DNA methy-
lation and initiation of GGTase-positive foci was deter-
mined in partial hepatectomized rats. The formation of
foci was promoted by 500 ppm sodium phenobarbital
in the drinking water. While six of the seven com-
pounds (DMH, DMN, DMS, MMS, MNNG and MNU)
produced 7-methylquanine, only the four compounds
(DMH, DMN, MNNG and MNU) that produced O sup 6-
methylguanine initiated GGTase-positive foci. The
extent of O sup 6-methylguanine produced by the
methylating agents did not correspond with their po-
tency to initiate GGTase-positive foci. Therefore, the
initiation of GGTase-positive foci required the forma-
tion of O sup 6-methylguanine. However, some se-
quential event altered the quantitative relationship of O
sup 6-methylguanine formation to the incidence of
GGTase-positive foci.
Keywords: "Carcinogens, "Methylation, "Deoxyribonu-
cleic acids, "Water pollution, Liver, Laboratory ani-
mals, Rat, Isotopic labeling. Potable water. Compari-
son, Nitrogen organic compounds, Reprints, "Gua-
nine/methyl, 'GGTase-positive foci, Toluene sulfona-
mide/methyl-N-nitroso, Hydrazine/dimethyl, Nitrosa-
mine/dimethyl, Sulfuric acid/(dimethyl-ester), Sulfox-
ide/dimethyl. Methane sulfonate, Guanidine/methyl-
N-nitro-N-nitroso, Urea/methyl-N-nitroso.
PB84-245661	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Measured and Predicted Fluxes of Biogenic Silica
In Lake Michigan. Journal article,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Div.
C L Schelske, B. J. Eadie, and G. L. Krausse. c1984,
15p CONTRIB-356, EPA/600/J-84/095
Grants EPA-R-806294, EPA-R-804503
Pub. in Limnology and Oceanography 29, n1 p99-110
1984.
Diatom production in the offshore waters of Lake
Michigan is limited by silica supplies in late summer
and can be predicted from the seasonal disappear-
ance of silica from the trophogenic zone. Biogenic
silica fluxes obtained from sediment trap collections
were compared with fluxes predicted from the silica
disappearance model. Measured and predicted fluxes
were in good agreement for offshore stations, but at
stations closer to shore measured fluxes were 2-4
times greater than predicted fluxes. Sediment trap and
water chemistry data show that little of the diatom pro-
duction is dissolved in the water column. Therefore,
greater than predicted fluxes at nearshore locations
were attributed to new silica supplied from upwellings,
tributary inputs, and recycling and resuspension in
nearshore sediments. (Copyright (c) American Society
of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc. 1984.)
Keywords: "Silicon dioxide, "Water pollution, "Lake
Michigan, Sampling, Sediments, Mathematical
models, Upwelling, Diatoms, Chemical analysis,
Atomic spectroscopy, Depth, Profiles, Graphs(Charts),
Reprints.
PB84-245679/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Induction by Chloroform of Two Forms of Orni-
thine Decarboxylase in Rat Liver. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
M. A. Pereira, R. E. Savage, Jr., and C. Guion. 1983,6p
EPA/600/J-83/235
Pub. in Biochemical Pharmacology, v32 n17 p2511-
2514 1983.
Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in rat liver was sepa-
rated into two species by DEAE - Sepharose CL-6B
column chromatography. The activity of both species
of ODC was increased at least 20 fold by chloroform
treatment of the rats. The major species, peak A con-
tained 75% of the ODC activity and possessed a half-
life of 11 mins. The second species, peak B, account-
ed for twenty-five percent of the activity and pos-
sessed a half-life of 50 mins. The long lived species of
ODC activity induced in rat liver by chloroform has not
been previously reported and might be related to the
prolonged induction of ODC activity by chloroform and
to tumor promotion and growth.
Keywords: "Chloroform, "Toxicology, "Biochemistry,
'Biosynthesis, "Environmental surveys, Laboratory
animals, Rats, Liver, Neoplasms, Reprints, "Ornithine
decarboxylase.
PB84-245687	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Net Atmospheric Inputs of PCBs to the Ice Cover
on Lake Huron. Journal article,
De Paul Univ., Chicago, IL.
T. J. Murphy, and A. W. Schinsky. c1983, 8p EPA/600/
J-83/244
Grant EPA-R-805325
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research 9, n1 p92-96
1983.
This report describes the first measurements of the net
atmospheric deposition of PCBs to the ice cover of a
body of water. The net deposition of PCBs includes the
wet, dry, and vapor deposition, less any evaporation.
The measurements were made on ice cores collected
from the frozen surface of Lake Huron in the ice sea-
sons of 1978 and 1979. Intrusions of lake water into
the accumulated deposition layer of ice and snow were
not encountered in these studies. Such intrusions,
however, have complicated other attempts to use this
method. Possible reasons for not encountering them in
this study are discussed. (Copyright (c) International
Assoc. Great Lakes Res. 1983.)
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Biphenyl, "Chlorine organic
compounds, "Lake Huron, Ice, Sampling, Accumula-
tion, Snow, Sites, Saginaw Bay, Deposition, Collecting
methods, Measurement, Reprints, "Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls.
PB84-246222/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Nickel and Manganese on Natural Killer
Cell Activity,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. J. Smialowicz. Sep 84, 8pEPA/600/D-84/202
A single intramuscular injection of NiCI2 causes a sup-
pression of natural killer (NK) cell activity, while a
single injection of MnCI2 enhances NK activity. When
injected together Mn preempts the suppressive effect
of Ni on NK activity.
Keywords: "Nickel, "Manganese, "Cells(Biology),
"Toxicology, Metals, "Heavy metals.
PB84-246230/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Relationship between the Metabolism of Haloace-
tonitriles and Chloroform and Their Carcinogenic
Activity,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
M. A. Pereira, F. B. Daniel, and E. L. C, Lin. Sep 84,19p
EPA/600/D-84/203
Halogenated acetonitriles, found in chlorinated drink-
ing water, are formed by the reaction of chlorine with
algae, fulvic acid, and proteinaceous material in the
source water. The metabolism of halogenated acetoni-
triles was investigated in relation to their possible car-
cinogenic activity. Chloroacetonitrile (CAN), dibromoa-
cetonitrile (DBAN). dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN), bro-
mochloroacetonitrile (BCAN), and trichloroacetonitrile
(TCAN) were shown to bind the nucleophilic trapping
agent, p-nitrobenzylpyridine, without metabolic activa-
tion and to produce strand breaks in the DNA of cul-
tured human CCRF-CEM cells. In addition, DCAN
bound DNA in vitro without metabolic activation pro-
ducing an adduct to adenine, and DBAN bound rat-
liver DNA following oral administration.
Keywords: "Carcinogens, "Potable water, "Water
treatment(Chemicals), "Halogen organic compounds,
"Chloroform, "Metabolism, Laboratory animals, Toxi-
cology, Chlorination, In vitro analysis. Deoxyribonu-
cleic acids, Public health, "Acetonitriles, "Water pollu-
tion effects(Humans), Acetonitrile/chloro, Acetoni-
trile/dichloro, Acetonitrile/bromo-chloro, Acetonitrile/
trichloro.
PB84-246248/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Alternative Disinfection Processes,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
A. A. Stevens, and J. M. Symons. Sep 84,44p EPA/
600/D-84/221
Prepared in cooperation with Houston Univ., TX.
Trihalomethanes are formed during drinking water
treatment when the free chlorine used as a disinfect-
ant combines with trihalomethane precursors, mainly
humic materials, present in the water. One approach to
lowering trihalomethane concentrations in finished
drinking water is by switching from free chlorination to
an alternative disinfection process. The alternative
processes vary widely in their tendencies to form by-
products other than trihalomethanes, the state of
knowledge of their respective byproduct production,
their disinfecting capabilities, and the engineering con-
siderations associated with their application as a treat-
ment process.
Keywords:	"Disinfection,	"Water
treatment(Chemicals), Substitutes, Potable water,
Chlorination, Byproducts, Performance evaluation,
Halogen organic compounds, "Halomethanes.
PB84-24625S/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Toxicology of Natural and Man-Made Toxicants in
Drinking Water,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
R. J. Bull. Sep 84,17p EPA/600/D-84/222
Drinking Water obtained from surface sources con-
tains a very large variety of organic chemicals. The
total organic carbon present in the source water is
made up of both natural and man-made chemicals. In
most instances natural organic material predominates
and is largely made up of humic and fulvic acids. The
introduction of chlorine into drinking water results in
the formation of a variety of by-products including the
trihalomethanes, haloacetonitriles, halogenated alde-
hyde and halogenated ketone derivatives. Represent-
atives of these classes of chemicals have been shown
to be mutagenic and/or carcinogenic. More recent
studies have shown that similar chemicals are formed
upon direct administration of chlorine solutions to rats
These data suggest that chemical interactions be-
tween a group of chemicals that have been generally
regarded as safe (the disinfectants) and other chemi-
cals of a low level of intrinsic toxicity (humic acids
stomach contents) produce potentially hazardous
products.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Potable water, "Organic
compounds, "Water treatment(Chemicals), "Hazard-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
oub materials, Byproducts, Humic acids, Fulvie acids,
Chlorination, Disinfection, Mutagens, Carcinogens,
Laboratory animals, Rats, 'Natural emissions, 'Toxi-
cant substances, Halomethanes.
PB84-246263/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Microbiological Decontamination of Pentachloro-
phenol-Contaminated Natural Waters,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis.
M. M. Martinson, J. G. Steiert, D. L. Saber, W. W.
Mohn, and R. L. Crawford. Sep 84,18p EPA/600/D-
84/225
Grant EPA-R-810016
Inoculation of pentachlorophenol-contaminated natu-
ral waters with cells of a pentachlorophenol-degrading
Flavobacterium was shown to be an effective method
for decontamination of PCB-polluted aquatic environ-
ments. Numerous types of waters were decontaminat-
ed, including: river water, lake water, and groundwater.
Decontamination was most effective between 15 C
and 30 C, and between pH 7.5 and pH 9.0. Inoculation
of waters with as few as 10,000 cells/ml resulted in ef-
fective PCP removal. PCB concentrations between 10
ppb and 100 ppm were reduced to undetectable
levels, usually within 48 hours. Microbiological decon-
tamination of PCP-polluted waters appears to be a
promising waste treatment alternative when compared
to traditional treatment techniques.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Bacteria, Substi-
tutes, Microbiology, Decontamination, Biocides, Ecolo-
gy, Cultures(Biology), Flavobacterium, "Phenol/pen-
tachloro.
PB84-246271/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
High Temperature Sulfation Studies in an Isother-
mal Reactor: A Comparison of Theory and Experi-
ment. Rept. for Jun 81-Jul 84,
Utah Univ., Salt Lake City. Dept. of Chemical Engineer-
ing.
G. D. Silcox, D. M, Slaughter, and D. W. Pershing. Sep
84,25p EPA/600/D-84/226
The paper gives high-temperature isothermal data on
sulfur dioxide (S02) capture, obtained as a function of
temperature, S02 partial pressure, and Ca/S molar
ratio for a pulverized dolomite (34 micrometer mean
size) and a high-purity calcite (11 micrometer mean
size). The experimental results indicated that sulfur
capture increases approximately linearly with increas-
ing Ca/S ratio and is relatively insensitive to S02 par-
tial pressure at the conditions tested. Reaction zone
temperature was found to critically influence the over-
all effectiveness of sulfur capture by sorbent injection;
as the local temperature Increases, the rates of heter-
ogeneous chemical reaction and diffusion increase,
but these are ultimately compensated for by a de-
crease in initial sorbent surface area due to desurfac-
ing during flash calcination. The experimental results
were compared with theoretical predictions using a
combined diffusion/heterogeneous chemical reaction
model which was developed based on a grain formula-
tion. Initial analysis of various fundamental kinetic
studies suggested that the intrinsic chemistry was first
order in calcium sites and zero order in S02 partial
pressure. Model predictions showed good qualitative
and quantitative agreement with experimental data.
Analysis of temperature profiles from full-scale utility
boilers suggests a strong dependency on quench rate
in the sulfation zone.
Keywords: "High temperature tests, "Sulfation, "Sulfur
dioxide, "Air pollution control, "Mathematical models,
•Isothermal	treatment,	Comparison,
Dolomite(Mineral), Calcite, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, Reaction kinetics, Chemical reactions,
Sorbents, Boilers, Heterogeneous reactions.
PB84-246289/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of Analytical Methods for the Determi-
nation of POHC (Principal Organic Hazardous
Constituents) In Combustion Products. Rept. for
Jun 82-May 84,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
R H. James, R. E. Adams, J. M. Finkel, H. C. Miller,
and L. D. Johnson. Sep 84,30p EPA/600/D-84/227
Contract EPA-68-02-3696
The paper gives results of an evaluation of gas-chro-
matography/mass-spectrometry (GC/MS) and high-
performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods
for determining about 150 compounds from a list of po-
tential principal organic hazardous constituents
(POHCs), as defined in 40 C.F.R. Part 261, Appendix
VIII. The methods evaluated are presented, analytical
results are given, and the application of the evaluated
methods to the determination of POHCs in incinerator
effluents is discussed. These methods do not repre-
sent EPA's official method. (NOTE: As part of the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), the
EPA has proposed regulations for owners and opera-
tors who treat hazardous waste by incineration. To
ensure that these incinerators operate in an environ-
mentally responsible manner, the regulations include a
requirement that, for selected POHCs, a destruction
and removal efficiency (DRE) of equal to or greater
than 99.99% must be achieved (40 C.F.R. Part 264,
Section 264.343). The evaluation of this paper is part
of the supporting documentation for permit writers and
for the incinerator-facility owners and operators.
Keywords: "Gas analysis, "Organic compounds, "In-
cinerators, "Solid waste disposal. Gas chromatogra-
phy, Mass spectroscopy, Hazardous materials, Air pol-
lution, Licenses, Chemical analysis, Regulations, Per-
formance evaluation, "Air pollution detection, High
performance liquid chromatography, Resource con-
servation and recovery act.
PB84-246297/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Attempts to Abbreviate Time to End-Point In Fish
Hepatocarcinogenesis Assays,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
J. A. Couch, and L. A. Courtney. Sep 84,43p EPA/
600/D-84/229
Adult and juvenile Cyprinodon variegatus were ex-
posed to relatively high sub-lethal concentrations of
the potent carcinogenic agent, N-nitrosodiethylamine
(DEN). Fish were exposed for several weeks under
static conditions to initial DEN concentrations of 55
mg/l, dropping to 30 mg/l at exposure's end. Fish
were then transferred to clean flow-through water for
holding, observation, and characterization of lesion de-
velopment. Progression of the hepatic effects of DEN
is being followed by periodic sampling for histoche-
mistry, histology, and electron microscopy. The earli-
est damage in the liver was assessed and subsequent
progression of lesions is being monitored.
Keywords: "Carcinogens, "Toxicity, "Marine fishes,
Exposure, Diethylamine, Nitroso compounds, Sam-
pling, Damage assessment, Bioassay, Liver, Histology,
Electron microscopy, "Diethylamine/N-nitroso, "Cy-
prinodon variegatus, Lesions.
PB84-246305/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Assessment of the Contribution of Stratospheric
Ozone to Ground-Level Ozone Concentrations.
Environmental research brief,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
A. P. Altshuller. Aug 84,10p EPA/600/D-84/144
This assessment is concerned with the possible contri-
butions of ozone transported from the stratosphere
through the troposphere down to ground level to the
episodic and longer term ozone concentrations meas-
ured in urban and rural areas. The episodic impacts
would be of concern with respect to the possible occa-
sions when the primary National Ambient Air Quality
Standard for ozone would be exceeded. The larger
term average could also contribute to episodic con-
centration levels, but also are of possible importance
in terms of adverse effects on crop yields or forest
growth. It is concluded that direct stratospheric ozone
intrusions which can result in ozone concentrations ex-
ceeding 120 ppbv appear to be extremely infrequent.
Stratospheric ozone can contribute to longer term av-
erage background ozone concentrations at ground
levels locations. It is estimated based on 7 sup Be to
03 and 90 sup Sr to 03 ratios available that during the
summer months 15 ppbv or less of the ozone meas-
ured may originate in the stratosphere. In early spring
stratospheric ozone is likely to make a larger contribu-
tion relative to other sources. Ozone produced in the
troposplume by photochemical reactions involving an-
thropogenic precursors can contribute during the
summer a substantial part of the ozone down to
ground level locations.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Ozone, "Stratosphere,
"Transport properties, Assessments, Urban areas,
Concentration(Composition), Farm crops, Sources,
Forests, Reprints, "Air quality, Path of pollutants.
PB84-246313/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Persistent Baculovirus Infections,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. P. Burand, C. Y. Kawanishi, and Y. S. Huang. Sep
84, 33p EPA/600/D-84/223
Prepared in cooperation with Boyce Thompson Inst,
for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY.
This review will encompass persistent baculovirus in-
fections. As well, this review does not address the per-
sistence of baculoviruses in invertebrate hosts other
than insects. The intent of this review is to draw to-
gether the information on baculovirus persistence in
vivo and in vitro. The authors will also attempt to relate
these findings to important findings in other virus sys-
tems in an attempt to present a probable scenario on
baculovirus persistence and the role of persistence in
baculovirus diseases in insects. Hopefully, the present
review, which deals with evolutionarily simple hosts
and immune systems, will facilitate a more general un-
derstanding of the mechanisms of virus persistence.
Keywords: "Viral diseases, "Infectious diseases, In
vitro analysis, In vivo analysis, Insects, Viruses, "Bacu-
loviruses, Cell cultures.
PB84-246321/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Mutagenic Properties of Drinking Water Disinfect-
ants and By-Products,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
J. R. Meier, and R. J. Bull. Sep 84,34p EPA/600/D-
84/224
The identification of a number of mutagenic and carci-
nogenic chemicals in our public water supplies has
raised concern over potential genetic and carcinogen-
ic hazards to the human population. There is growing
evidence to indicate that these chemicals are pro-
duced during water chlorination, and consequently al-
ternative strategies for water disinfection are being
considered. Unfortunately, it is not known to what
extent the mutagenic activity in chlorinated drinking
water, and the associated potential health risks, are
accounted for by chemicals identified thus far. The au-
thors laboratory has been exploring the use of humic
acid for studying the mutagenic and carcinogenic prop-
erties of disinfection by-products. The present report
extends our findings on the mutagenic properties of
chlorinated humic acids in the Ames test and includes
results from studies on the ability of chlorinated and
non-chlorinated humic acids. Studies are also being
conducted on the toxicological properties of drinking
water samples prepared using alternative techniques
for disinfection and post-disinfection treatment. Pre-
liminary results on the mutagenic activities of these
samples are discussed.
Keywords: "Disinfectants, "Mutagens, "Potable water,
"Water treatment, "Carcinogens, "Chemical com-
pounds, Byproducts, Chlorination, Substitutes, Toxi-
cology, Laboratory animals, In vitro analysis, In vivo
analysis, Public health, Risks, Health risks, Ames test.
PB84-246339/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of a Paint Spray Booth Utilizing Air Re-
circulation. Final rept. Jun 82-Dec 83,
Engineering-Science, Inc., Arcadia, CA.
L. E. Norton, R. J. Bryan, and D. P. Becvar. Aug 84,
78p EPA/600/2-84/143
Contract EPA-68-03-3040
The objective of this project was to evaluate the effec-
tiveness of the recirculating air spray booth process at
the Deere and Company facility in Davenport, Iowa.
The effort involved a field measurement program and
subsequent analysis of flow rates and emission data
from the spray booth to define the degree of enhance-
ment of the emissions stream and permit more effi-
cient and economical control of spray booth emis-
sions. Energy conservation became a matter of con-
cern for industrial operators during the late 1970s
when energy costs began to climb rapidly. Deere and
Company engineers noted that heated In-plant air
passed through the spray booth to the outside air. If
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
this air could be recirculated while keeping worker en-
vironments within safety standards, significant energy
cost savings could be achieved with an added benefit
of the recirculation scheme being a reduction in emis-
sion volume. The reduction in emission volume can
result in a significant reduction in volitile organic com-
pound (VOC) control cost since only the quantity of
make-up air must be controlled. Through rerouting the
ductwork and modification of operator apparel to
ensure worker safety, Deere and Company designed a
recirculating air system that was patented in May 1981.
Included in the design is a bleed stream which controls
VOC buildup in the recirculating system by routing a
portion of the air to a natural gas burner where it
serves as combustion air and destroys the entrained
VOC.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Energy conserva-
tion, "Spray painting, 'Air circulation, "Industrial hy-
giene, Safety, Sprayed coatings, Incinerators, Organic
compounds, Economic analysis, Metal coatings,
"Volatile organic compounds, "Occupational safety
and health, Carbon adsorption systems.
PB84-246347/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Div.
Technology Assessment of Aquaculture Systems
for Municipal Wastewater Treatment,
Waste and Water International, Emeryville, CA.
H. C. Hyde, R. S. Ross, and L. Sturmer. Aug 84,133p*
EPA/600/2-84/145
Contract EPA-68-03-3016
Prepared in cooperation with Humboldt State Univ.,
Areata, CA.
The innovative and alternative technology provisions
of the Clean Water Act of 1977 (PL 95-217) provide fi-
nancial incentives to communities that use wastewater
treatment alternatives to reduce costs or energy con-
sumption over conventional systems. Some of these
technologies have been only recently developed and
are not in widespread use in the United States. This
document discusses the applicability and technical
and economic feasibility of using aquaculture systems
for municipal wastewater treatment facilities.
Keywords: "Aquaculture, "Sewage treatment, "Munici-
palities, Feasibility, Economic factors, Technology as-
sessment, Aquatic plants, Aquatic animals, Sites,
Ponds, Accumulation, Cost effectiveness, Odors,
Public health, Design, Recovery, Biomass, Cost com-
parison, Tables(Data), "Energy consumption, Water
hyacinths, "Secondary treatment.
PB84-2463S4/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Molten Salt Destruction of HCB (Hexachloroben-
zene) and Chlordane - Bench and Pilot Scale
Tests. Final rept.,
Rockwell International, Canoga Park, CA. Energy Sys-
tems Group.
S. J. Yosim, L. G. Kellogg, and S. Sudar. Sep 84,143p
EPA/600/2-84/148
Contract EPA-68-03-3014
A research test program to demonstrate the destruc-
tion of chlorinated materials by the Molten Salt De-
struction (MSD) process was conducted. In this proc-
ess, combustible material and air are continuously in-
troduced beneath the surface of a sodium carbonate-
containing melt at 900-1050C. Any acidic gases such
as HC1 produced from chlorinated organic com-
pounds are neutralized and retained in the melt. The
chlorinated materials tested were solid hexachloro-
benzene (HCB) and liquid chlordane. The HCB was a
simulant for PCBs and the chlordane was representa-
tive of liquid chlorinated industrial wastes. The overall
objective of the test series was to provide molten salt
process performance data and to challenge the
molten salt process limits for adequate waste destruc-
tion. The program consisted of bench-scale and pilot-
scale tests. Both destruction efficiencies (DE) and de-
struction and removal efficiencies (DRE) were deter-
mined The federal standards for thermal process de-
struction of PCBs of 99.9999% destruction and
99.99% destruction for halogenated organics such as
chlordane were met in both the bench-scale and pilot-
scale tests.
Keywords: "Incinerators, "Organic compounds,
"Scale model tests, "Chlordan, "Hazardous materials,
"Solid waste disposal, Industrial wastes, Laboratory
design, Tables(Data), Performance standards, Chloro-
benzenes, Sodium carbonates, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, "Molten salt destruction process, Benzene/
hexachloro, "Polychlorinated biphenyls, "Liquid waste
disposal, Molten carbonate process.
PB84-246362/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Description and Operation of a Thermal Decom-
position Unit-Gas Chromatographic System,
Dayton Univ., OH. Research Inst.
W. A. Rubey, I. B. Fiscus, and J. L. Torres. Sep 84,
154p EPA/600/2-84/149
Before acceptable incineration procedures can be fully
developed for hazardous organic materials, precise in-
formation is often needed concerning their thermal de-
composition properties. In response to this need, a
laboratory-scale thermal decomposition unit-gas chro-
matographic system (TDU-GC) has been designed
and assembled to provide data rapidly and safely on
the gas-phase thermal decomposition behavior of or-
ganic substances. This system has been designed to
accommodate a wide variety of organic materials
which range from pure substances to very complex in-
dustrial organic waste mixtures. This report describes
the design and operation of the TDAS (Thermal de-
composition analytic systems).
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Organic com-
pounds, "Incinerators, "Solid waste disposal, "Pyroly-
sis, "Laboratory equipment, Industrial wastes, Design
criteria, Performance evaluation, Combustion prod-
ucts, Gas chromatography, Thermal analysis, Aromat-
ic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Decomposition properties,
"Toxic substances, Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act.
PB84-246370/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Development of a Fate/Toxicity Screening Test,
Gulf Coast Research Lab., Ocean Springs, MS.
W. W. Walker. Sep 84, 39p EPA/600/4-84/074
A shake-flask screening test was designed to rapidly
evaluate the relative degradation rates of a wide spec-
trum of chemicals, each compared to methyl parath-
ion. Test chemicals evaluated were bolero, bravo, di-
butylphthalate, dimilin, dursban, endosulfan, hoelon,
pentachlorobenzene, phorate, and trifluralin. Diverse
regimes of salinity, pH, TOC, and microbial biomass
were encountered across space and time. The experi-
mental design for the screening test embodies four
treatments: active sediment, sterile sediment, active
water and sterile water. Decay curves were produced
and rate constants and half-life values determined.
Half-life values for the 10 chemicals evaluated varied
substantially with time and geographic sampling site.
In active systems, 8 of the 10 chemicals degraded
more rapidly than methyl parathion. Nine dibutylphtha-
late screens were run involving six geographic sites.
Disappearance was quite rapid in active treatments in
all screens. Disappearance curves describing DBP
abatement either: (1) appeared to be substrate de-
pendent with the rate of degradation decreasing as
DBP was depleted; (2) appeared independent of sub-
strate concentration; or (3) reflected a marked in-
crease in degradation rate during the screening period.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Degradation, "Reaction kinet-
ics, "Experimental design, "Pesticides, "Environmen-
tal surveys, Tests, Sediments, Water, Half life, Sam-
pling, Sites, Parathion/methyl, Bolero, Bravo, Dimilin,
Dursban, Endosulfan, Hoelon, Benzene/pentachloro,
Phorate, Trifluralin, Phthalic acid/(dibutyl-ester).
PB84-246388/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Flue Qas Desulfurizatlon Sludge: Establishment of
Vegetation on Ponded and Soil-Applied Waste.
Final rept. Jan 77-Sep 81,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Div. of
Energy Demonstrations and Technology.
P. M. Giordano, D. A. Mays, and J. M. Soileau. Jan 84,
32p TVA/OP/EDT-82/23, EPA/600/7-84/004
The report gives results of research to identify and
evaluate forms of vegetation and methods of their es-
tablishment for reclaiming retired flue gas desulfuriza-
tion sludge ponds. Also studied were the soil liming
value of limestone scrubber sludge (LSS) and plant
uptake and percolation losses of some chemical nutri-
ents in the sludge. Several vegetation schemes were
evaluated between 1977 and 1982 for covering and
stabilizing LSS at Colbert Steam Plant, Cherokee, AL,
and Shawnee Steam Plant, Paducah, KY. Eleven tree
and 10 grass or legume species were tested for adapt-
ability and survival when planted directly in LSS or in
LSS amended with soil, municipal sewage sludge, or
standard potting mix. Other studies indicated that LSS
apparently has sufficient unreacted limestone to be a
satisfactory soil liming agent.
Keywords: "Sludge disposal, "Lagoons(Ponds),
"Vegetation, Air pollution control, Solid waste disposal,
Reclamation, Plants(Botany), Scrubbers, Industrial
wastes, Nutrients, Combustion products, Flue gases.
Limestone scrubbing, Flue gas desulfurization.
PB84-246396/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC,
Environmental Assessment: Source Test and
Evaluation Report - Riley Gas Producer. Final rept.
Jul 79-Sep 81,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
M. R. Fuchs, R. A. Magee, and P. M. Jeans. Sep 84,
407p* EPA/600/7-84/092
Contract EPA-68-02-3137
The report gives results of a Source Test and Evalua-
tion (STE) of the lignite-fueled Riley Gas Producer as
part of EPA's program to define and evaluate the envi-
ronmental effects of low-Btu gasification. (NOTE: In
December 1979, the Gas Producer, fueled by North
Dakota (Indianhead) lignite, was tested at Riley Stoker
Corp.'s research center in Worcester, MA, sponsored
jointly by Riley Stoker and American Natural Service
Co. of Detroit, Ml.) The STE involved characterization
of all inputs and outputs of the Gas Producer. Material
balances were also developed. The output streams in-
cluded the product gas, ash pan water, cyclone dust
and gasifier ash. The results indicate that all output
streams have some potential for environmental con-
cern, as either fugitive emissions (product gas) or dis-
charge streams (dust, ash, ash pan water). Analyses of
the leachates ot the gasifier ash and cyclone dust
showed that they were nonhazardous according to Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) proto-
col and standards.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Coal gasification,
"Air pollution control, Assessments, Leaching, Ashes,
Dust, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Solid
waste disposal, Water pollution, "Riley gas producers,
"Low Btu gas, Fugitive emissions, Solid wastes.
PB84-246404/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of Waterborne Radon Impact on
Indoor Air Quality and Assessment of Control Op-
tions. Final rept. Oct 83-Mar 84,
Envirodyne Engineers, Inc., St. Louis, MO.
A. P. Becker, ll[ and T. M. Lachajczyk. Sep 84,146p*
EPA/600/7-84/093
Contract EPA-68-02-3178
This research program was conducted with two objec-
tives: (1) evaluation of waterborne radon impacts on
indoor air quality, and (2) assessment of available con-
trol technologies to limit indoor exposures to radon
and its decay products. This report contains a review
of radon's physical, chemical and radiological proper-
ties; a summary of its decay chain; and a synopsis of
health risks, existing regulations, and recommenda-
tions concerning exposure to radon and progeny. This
report also presents assessments of reported tech-
niques for removal of radon from water or indoor air.
Techniques evaluated for removal of radon from water
include decay, aeration and granular activated carbon
Techniques evaluated for removal of radon and/or
progeny from air include circulation, various types of
ventilation, filtration, electrostatic precipitation, char-
coal adsorption, chemical reaction, and space charg-
ing. Where the reports examined include a sufficient
amount of information to do so, an evaluation of the
cost, efficiency and practicality of each technique is
provided.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Air water interac-
tions, "Radon, Health physics, Public health, Risk
Residential building, Water treatment, Potable water'
Filtration, Exposure, Tables(Data), Electrostatic pre-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
cipitation, Assessments, Concentration(Composition),
Households, Sources, 'Indoor air pollution, "Air qual-
ity, Granulated activated carbon treatment.
PB84-246412/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
National Science Foundation, Washington, DC.
Atmospheric Deposition to Mountain Forest Sys-
tems: Workshop Proceedings April 1984. Final
rept. Apr-Aug 84,
State Univ. of New York at Albany. Atmospheric Sci-
ences Research Center.
V. A. Mohnen. Sep 84, 72p" EPA/600/9-84/023
Sponsored in part by National Science Foundation,
Washington, DC.
The Atmospheric Sciences Research Center of the
State University of New York-Albany organized and
hosted a workshop which specifically addressed the
need, design and implementation of research, devel-
opment and monitoring with advanced techniques for
these purposes: (a) to identify the contribution of acidic
and non-acidic pollutant deposition to damage of for-
ests on mountain peaks; and (b) to monitor air and
cloud chemical quality in regional transport winds for
possible source-receptor model evaluation. This report
presents the results of the workshop which was held
on April 5-7, 1984. The international aspect of this
workshop involved Canadian and European scientists
and institutions. The workshop participants recom-
mended the establishment of a research and monitor-
ing network extending from the Smoky Mountains to
the Laurentian Mountains where forest and atmos-
pheric scientists can study and test in detail the major
hypotheses that have been developed in attempts to
explain the current decline of forests.
Keywords: 'Acidity, "Precipitation(Meteorology), * Air
pollution, 'Forestry, "Meetings, Monitoring, Chemical
properties, Clouds(Meteorology), Wind(Meteorology),
Elevation, Hardwoods, Mountains, Fir trees. Mortality,
Climatic changes, Environmental impacts, Cost esti-
mates, Canada, Europe, "Acid precipitation, Spruce
trees.
PB84-246438/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Interaction between Gamma-Hexachlorocyclo-
hexane and the Gastrointestinal Microflora and
Their Effect on the Absorption, Biotransforma-
tion, and Excretion of Parathlon by the Rat. Jour-
nal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. W. Chadwick, M. F. Copeland, R. Froehlich, N.
Cooke, and D. A. Whitehouse. 1984,8p EPA/600/J-
84/102
Pub. in Jnl. of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v32 n4
p755-759 1984.
Pretreatment of rats with the organochlorine insecti-
cide lindane reduced the estimated absorption rate of
parathion from the gastrointestinal tract. Lindane pre-
treatment also significantly reduced the metabolism of
parathion to p-nitrophenol in vivo. Lindane pretreat-
ment altered the gastrointestinal (Gl) microflora by in-
creasing the ratio of anaerobes to aerobes. Consistent
with this alteration was a significantly greater retention
of unaltered parathion and the microbial metabolite
aminoparathion in the Gl tract of the lindane-pretreat-
ed rats 1 h after the administration of parathion. En-
hanced conversion of parathion to aminoparathion to-
gether with a slower absorption rate may play a role in
the antagonism parathion toxicity by lindane.
Keywords: 'Parathion, 'Insecticides, "Chloroben-
zenes, 'Gastrointestinal system, 'Toxicity, Laboratory
animals, Absorption, In vivo analysis, Environmental
surveys, Biochemistry, Rats, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Reprints, 'Lindane, Cyclohexane/hexachioro,
Biotransformation.
PBS4-246446/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Method
Study 23A, Method 501.1, Trihalomethanes by
Purge and Trap (REANNOUNCEMENT of PB84-
169994 - see notes field for explanation),
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH.
B J Warner, S. C. Cheng, C. S. Friedman, S. Mitrosky,
and A. D. Snyder. Mar 84,116p EPA/600/4-84/020
Contract EPA-68-03-2856
RE-ANNOUNCEMENT of PB84-169994 with new ab-
stract.
The experimental design and the results of an interla-
boratory study of U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA) method 501.1 to detect trihalometh-
anes in drinking water are described herein. In the
method, trihalomethanes are extracted by an inert gas
which is bubbled through the aqueous sample. The
vapors are then trapped on a short column containing
a suitable sorbent. The trapped compounds are subse-
quently thermally desorbed onto the head of a gas
chromatographic column. An electrolytic conductivity
detector is used to measure the compounds. The six
concentrations of spiking solutions contained chloro-
form, bromodichloromethane, chlorodibromomethane
and bromoform. The two waters used in the study were
distilled and drinking water, both supplied by the indi-
vidual laboratories. Statistical analyses and conclu-
sions in this report are based on analytical data ob-
tained by twenty collaborating laboratories. This report
was submitted in partial fulfillment of contract 68-03-
2856 by Monsanto Research Corporation under the
sponsorship of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. The report covers a period from September
1979 to December 1982.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, "Water pollution, "Experi-
mental design, Potable water, Solvent extraction,
Chloroform, Bromoform, Chemical analysis, Water
quality, Gas chromatography, Purging, Traps, Chlorine
organic compounds, "'Halomethanes, "EPA method
501.1, "Water pollution detection, Methane/bromo-
dichloro, Methane/chloro-dibromo.
PB84-904200/HSU	Subscription
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Publica-
tions Bibliography Quarterly Abstract Bulletin.
Quarterly repts.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Administration.
1984,4 issues
Supersedes PB83-904200.
Paper copy available on subscription, North American
Continent price $70.00/year; all others write for quote.
Single copies also available in paper or microfiche.
The EPA Cumulative Bibliography 1970-1976 pub-
lished in December 1976 (order number PB-265 920)
contains a bibliographic citation with abstract for re-
ports generated by EPA and its predecessor agencies
and entered into the NTIS collection through 1976.
Access points to this cumulative are by Report Title:
Subject (keyword); Corporate or Personal Author; Con-
tract Number; and Accession/Report Number. Begin-
ning in March 1977, quarterly update supplements
were published listing and indexing EPA technical re-
ports and journal articles entered into the NTIS collec-
tion during the preceding quarter. An additional index
titled Sponsoring EPA Office was included as well. The
fourth issue of the year contains bibliographic citations
with abstracts for the preceding quarter and cumula-
tive indexes for the calendar year.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Water pollution, "Bibliogra-
phies, Abstracts, Subject indexing, Waste disposal,
Water supply, Land use, Public health, Authors, Tech-
nical reports, Agriculture, Industrial wastes, Exhaust
emissions, Combustion products, Pesticides, Oil pollu-
tion, Radiation. Regulations, Standards, "Environmen-
tal protection, Air quality maintenance, Standards
compliance, Air pollution effects(Animals), Air pollution
effects(Humans), Air pollution effects(Materials), Air
pollution effects(Plants).
PB84-911800/HSU	MFS45.00
Pesticide Compact Label File Update.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1984,1 issue
Supersedes PB83-911600.
Microfiche available on subscription. North American
Continent price $45.00; all others write for quote. Basic
set available as PB84-911699.
The study contains fiche 2529-2782 plus mf index to
whole Pesticide Label File.
Keywords: "Documentation, "Pesticides, Microfilm,
Labels, Information retrieval, Indexes(Documentation),
Photographs, "Consumer products, Updating.
PB84-911899/HSU	MFS350.00
Pesticide Compact Label File.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1984,1p
Updates available on subscription as PB84-911600.
Microfiche copies only.
No abstract available.
Keywords: "Documentation, "Pesticides, Microfilm,
Labels, Information retrieval, Indexes(Documentation),
Photographs, "Consumer products, Updating.
PB84-921900/HSU	Subscription
Pesticide Product Information on Microfiche, Sets
A and B. Rept. for 1970-84.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Apr 84, 844p EPA/540/9-84/005
Supersedes PB83-921900. Includes Pesticide Product
Information on Microfiche: A User's Guide (9th Edi-
tion).
Microfiche available on Subscription, North American
Continent price $150.00/year; all others write for
quote.
Since 1970 when the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) was given the responsibility of regulat-
ing all aspects of pesticides, the Agency has amassed,
through the registration process, an extensive comput-
er data system on most Federally registered pesticide
products. The information includes product names,
manufacturers' names and addresses, active chemical
ingredients, tolerances for residues, and site and pest
information for particular products and active chemical
ingredients. Set A contains the Product Manager as-
signments; Pesticide Products, numerically and alpha-
betically; Pesticide Companies, numerically and alpha-
betically, Chemical Reference file, alphabetically and
numerically; Tolerance File by chemical and commodi-
ty; inverted Chemical/Registration Number; and Pesti-
cide Label Data. Set B contains Site/Pest Data orga-
nized into the site name/pest name/chemical/regis-
tration number and chemical/site name/pest name/
registration number fiche sets. Each set is further di-
vided into the five major pesticide disciplines: herbi-
cides, algaecides and growth regulators; antimicro-
bials and protozoa; insecticides, acaricides, mollusci-
cides and antifouling compounds; fungicides and ne-
matodes; and rodenticides and technical grade
chemicals.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Documentation, "Manuals,
Regulations, Chemical compounds, Labels, Microfilm,
Sites, Residues, Antifouling coatings, Growth regula-
tions, Fungicides, Insecticides, Herbicides, Rodenti-
cides, Toxic tolerances, Information, Registration,
Consumer products, Algaecides.
PB84-922000/HSU	Subscription
Pesticide Product Information on Microfiche, Set
A. Rept. for 1970-84.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Apr 84, 80p EPA/540/9-84/006
Supersedes PB83-922000. Includes Pesticide Product
Information on Microfiche: A User's Guide (9th Edi-
tion).
Microfiche available on Subscription, North American
Continent price $40.00/year; all others write for quote.
Also available with Set B as PB84-921900.
Since 1970 when the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) was given the responsibility of regulat-
ing all aspects of pesticides, the Agency has amassed,
through the registration process, an extensive comput-
er data system on most Federally registered pesticide
products. The information includes product names,
manufactures' names and addresses, active ingredi-
ents, tolerances for residues, and site and pest infor-
mation for particular products and active chemical in-
gredients. Set A contains the Product Manager assign-
ments; Pesticide Products, numerically and alphabeti-
cally; Pesticide Companies, numerically and alphabeti-
cally; Chemical Reference file, alphabetically and nu-
merically; Tolerance File by chemical and commodity;
inverted Chemical/Registration Number; and Pesticide
Label Data.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Documentation, "Manuals,
Regulations, Chemical compounds, Labels, Microfilm,
Sites, Residues, Antifouling coatings, Growth regula-
tors, Fungicides, Insecticides, Herbicides, Rodenti-
cides, Toxic tolerances, Information, Registration,
Consumer products, Algaecides.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB85-100030/HSU	PC A99/MF E03
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Acidic Deposition Phenomenon and Its Effects:
Critical Assessment Review Papers. Volume 1,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
A. P. Altshuller, and R. A. Linthurst. Sep 84, 787p EPA-
600/8-83/016AF
See also PB84-171644, and PB85-100048.
This document is a review and assessment of the cur-
rent scientific knowledge of the acidic deposition
phenonemon and its effects. The areas discussed in-
clude both atmospheric (Volume I) and effects
(Volume II) sciences. Specific topics covered are: nat-
ural and anthropogenic emissions sources; transport
and transformation processes; atmospheric concen-
trations and distributions of chemical substances; pre-
cipitation scavenging and dry deposition processes;
deposition monitoring and modeling; and effects of
deposition on soils, vegetation, aquatic chemistry,
aquatic biology, materials and human health, indirectly
through ingested food or water. Each of the above
topics is reviewed in detail using the available litera-
ture, with emphasis on U.S. data, and where possible,
conclusions are drawn based on the available data.
Keywords: * Air pollution, "Environmental surveys,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Assessments, Reviews,
Soils, Vegetation, Water pollution, Chemical reactions,
Sulfur oxides, Acidity, Sources, Transport properties,
Concentration(Composition), Public health, Mathemat-
ical models, Food chains, "Acid rain, * Air pollution
effects(Humans), *Air pollution effects(Plants), *Air
pollution effects(Materials), Dry deposition, Natural
emissions, Ecosystems, Atmospheric chemistry, Wet
methods.
PB8S-100048/HSU	PC A99/MF E03
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Acidic Deposition Phenomenon and Its Effects:
Critical Assessment Review Papers. Volume 2,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
A. P. Altshuller, and R. A. Linthurst. Sep 84, 746p EPA/
600/8-83/016F
See also PB84-171651 and PB85-100030.
This document is a review and assessment of the cur-
rent scientific knowledge of the acidic deposition
phenonemon and its effects. The areas discussed in-
clude both atmospheric (Volume I) and effects
(Volume II) sciences. Specific topics covered are: nat-
ural and anthropogenic emissions sources; transport
and transformation processes; atmospheric concen-
trations and distributions of chemical substances; pre-
cipitation scavenging and dry deposition processes;
deposition monitoring and modeling; and effects of
deposition on soils, vegetation, aquatic chemistry,
aquatic biology, materials and human health, indirectly
through ingested food or water. Each of the above
topics is reviewed in detail using the available litera-
ture, with emphasis on U.S. data, and where possible,
conclusions are drawn based on the available data.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Environmental surveys, As-
sessments, Reviews, Precipitation(Meteorology),
Soils, Vegetation, Transport properties, Water pollu-
tion, Public health, Ecology, Mathematical models, At-
mospheric chemistry, Concentration(Composition),
"Acid rain, "Air pollution effects(Plants), "Air pollution
effects(Humans), Land pollution, Dry deposition, Wet
methods.
PB85-100725/HSU	CP T08
Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance
(HELP) Model Version 1.0. Model-Simulation,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
D Ammon, P. Schroeder, and A. Gibson. Jun 84, mag
tape EPA/DF-85/001
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. Tapes can
be prepared in most standard 7 or 9 track recording
modes for one-half inch tape. Identify recording mode
desired by specifying character set, track, density, and
parity. Call NTIS Computer Products if you have ques-
tions. Price includes documentation PB85-100840 and
PB85-100832.
The Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance
(HELP) model is a quasi-two-dimensional, determinis-
tic, computer-based water budget model. The model
was developed and adapted from the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency HSSWDS model and the
U.S. Department of Agriculture CREAMS Hydrologic
model. The model uses climatologic and design input
data in the form of daily rainfall, mean monthly tem-
peratures, mean monthly solar radiation, leaf area indi-
ces, soil characteristics, and design specifications to
perform a sequential daily analysis to determine runoff,
evapotranspiration, percolation, and lateral drainage
for the landfill. ...SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION: The pro-
gram is written in the Fortran programming language
for implementation on a IBM 370/168 MP computer
under OS MVS/SPE Rel.1.3 and 8211. 50K bytes of
core storage are required to operate the model.
Keywords: "Models-simulation, "Runoff, "Earth fills,
Hazardous materials, Evapotranspiration, Soil water,
Percolation, Weather, Design criteria, Specifications,
Rainfall, Atmospheric precipitation, Fortran, Hydrolo-
gy, HELP model, Leachates, IBM-370/168 computers.
PB85-100832/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance
(HELP) Model. Volume 2. Documentation for Ver-
sion 1. Rept. for Apr 82-Aug 83,
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS.
P. R. Schroeder, A. C. Gibson, and M. D. Smolen. Jun
84, 269p EPA/DF-85/001 B
For system on magnetic tape see PB85-100725. See
also Volume 1, PB85-100840.
The Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance
(HELP) program was developed to facilitate rapid, eco-
nomical estimation of the amounts of surface runoff,
subsurface drainage, and leachate that may be ex-
pected to result from the operation of a wide variety of
possible landfill designs. The program models the ef-
fects of hydrologic processes including precipitation,
surface storage, runoff, infiltration, percolation, evapo-
transpiration, soil moisture storage, and lateral drain-
age using a quasi-two-dimensional approach. In this
document, the theories and assumption upon which
the HELP model is based, the solution techniques em-
ployed, and the internal logic of the computer program
are presented and discussed in detail.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Earth fills, Hazardous materials,
Computer programs, Subsurface drainage, Cost effec-
tiveness, Precipitation(Meteorology), Fluid infiltration,
Percolation, Evapotranspiration, Soil water, Oper-
ations, Design criteria, "HELP computer program, Lea-
chates.
PB85-100840/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance
(HELP) Model. Volume 1. User's Guide for Version
1. Rept. for Apr 82-Aug 83,
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS.
P. H. Schroeder, J. M. Morgan, T. M. Walski, and A. C.
Gibson. Jun 84,132p EPA/DF-85/001 A
For system on magnetic tape, see PB85-100725. See
also Volume 2, PB85-100832.
The Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance
(HELP) program was developed to facilitate rapid, eco-
nomical estimation of the amounts of surface runoff,
subsurface drainage, and leachate that may be ex-
pected to result from the operation of a wide variety of
possible landfill designs. The program models the ef-
fects of hydrologic processes including precipitation,
surface storage, runoff, infiltration, percolation, evapo-
transpiration, soil moisture storage, and lateral drain-
age using a quasi-two-dimensional approach. In this
document, some basic elements of the model are
briefly described, input/output options are discussed
in detail, and instructions for running the program on
the National Computer Center IBM Computer System
are given.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Hydrology, "Earth fills, Program-
ming manuals, Subsurface drainage, Design criteria,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Fluid infiltration, Percola-
tion, Evapotranspiration, Hazardous materials, Com-
puter programming, Soil water, Drainage, "Leachates.
PB85-101301/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program: Comparison
of Nonpoint Pollution Loadings from Suburban
and Downtown Central Business Districts. Final
Report. Rept. for 1979-81.
Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments
DC.
Jan 81, 54p
Grant EPA-P-003208-01
Prepared in cooperation with Northern Virginia Plan-
ning District Commission, Falls Church, and Virginia
Polytechnic Inst, and State Univ., Blacksburg.
The first section of this report describes: (1) the impor-
tant physical features of the Parkington test watershed
and the two Central Business Districts (CBD) test wa-
tersheds in Washington, D.C.; (2) the characteristics of
the monitoring period at each site; (3) the monitoring
and analytical procedures employed for the Parkington
CBD and the Washington, D.C. CBD watersheds. The
final section recommends nonpoint pollution loading
factors for planning studies of suburban and downtown
CBD's.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Urban areas, "Water pollution,
Monitoring, Stream flow, Rainfall, Snowmelt, Sediment
transport, Storm sewers, Land use, District of Colum-
bia, Virginia.
PB85-101624/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Piscataway Creek Watershed Model: A Storm-
water and Nonpoint Source Management Tool.
Final rept. 1979-82,
Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments
DC.
M. P. Sullivan, and T. R. Schueler. 19 Oct 82,15p
Grant EPA-P-003208-01
See also PB85-101632.
This report provides a model to be used as an effective
water resources management tool during the anticipat-
ed urbanization of the Piscataway Creek watershed. It
provides the opportunity to assess the nonpoint
source pollution and stormwater impacts of planned
development, and project future nonpoint source nutri-
ent loads from within the basin to the Potomac River
estuary.
Keywords: "Runoff. "Water pollution, "Piscataway
Creek, Hydrology, Stream flow, Rainfall, Sediment
transport, Mathematical models, Flow rate, Oxygen,
Urban areas, District of Columbia, Maryland, Dissolved
gases, Inorganic nitrates, Comparison. Assessments,
Storm water runoff, "Nonpoint sources. Unit hydro-
graphs.
PB85-101632/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program: The Pis-
cataway Creek Watershed Study, Final Report.
Rept. for 1979-83,
Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments
DC.
A. S. Librach, C. Wiegand, M. Sullivan, T. R. Schueler,
and P. A. Warren. Sep 83,76p
Grant EPA-P-003208-01
See also PB85-101624.
This study involved the application of a calibrated wa-
tershed model to project hydrologic, water quality and
sediment changes expected to occur with future devel-
opment of the Piscataway watershed, both with and
without controls to determine environmental impacts
The study concludes with a recommended manage-
ment program.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Water pollution, "Piscataway
Creek, "Urban areas, Stream flow, Rainfall, Snowmelt
Sediment transport, Land use, Nutrients, Inorganic ni-
trates, Phosphorus, Ammonia, Nitrogen, Tables(Data)
Maryland, "Storm water runoff, Urban hydrology.
PB85-101640/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Water Program Operations.
Urban Runoff Quality in the Denver Region. Final
rept. Jul 79-Sep 83.
Denver Regional Council of Governments, CO.
Sep 83,162p
EPA-P-008254-010
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
This report presents the findings of the three-year
Denver Regional Urban Runoff Program. This program
studied the nature of urban runoff, its influence on re-
ceiving waters, and possibilities for control in the
Denver region. Urban runoff characteristics in relation
to land use are discussed. The effects of urban runoff
on receiving waters are evaluated and compared to
municipal discharges over the same time period. The
results were developed into predictive, planning tools
which can be used to estimate urban runoff quality,
quantity and receiving water effects. Best Manage-
ment Practices (BMPs) for runoff control are also dis-
cussed along with strategies for assurance of the most
effective regional solution.
Keywords: "Runoff, 'Water pollution, 'Urban planning,
Watersheds, Stream flow, Rainfall, Snowmelt, Monitor-
ing, Base flow, Water quality management, Land use,
Soil erosion. Volume, Sediment transport, Colorado,
"Storm water runoff, Best management practices,
* De nver(Colorado).
PB85-101707	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Influence of the St. Marys River Plume on North-
ern Lake Huron Phytoplankton Assemblages.
Journal article,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Div.
R. G. Kreis, Jr., T. B. Ladewski, and E. F. Stoermer.
C1983,15p EPA/600/J-83/250
Grants EPA-R-802721, EPA-R-807450
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research 9, nl p40-51
1983.
Analysis of phytoplankton samples from the Straits of
Mackinac region yielded high species diversity and
species richness values at the outfall of the St. Marys
River due to entrained benthic diatoms. Epilithic,
psammonic, epipelic, and epiphytic diatoms originating
in the St. Marys River and Detour Passage area were
removed from their primary habitats and transported
into northern Lake Huron. Southward movement of the
St. Marys River plume, as determined from the sus-
pended benthic diatom distribution and abundance,
was strongly indicated for 3 km. Moderate influence of
the plume was noted at 6 km and weaker association
with the plume was detected for as far as 32 km. Ap-
parently, loss of suspended riverine species from the
upper water column in this area was primarily due to
sinking. (Copyright (c) Internal. Assoc. Great Lakes
Res. 1983.)
Keywords: "Ecology, "Phytoplankton, "Lake Huron,
Diatoms, Abundance, Spatial distribution, Chloro-
phylls, Plumes, Water masses, Saint Marys River, Mor-
tality, Circulation, Reprints, "Habitats.
PB85-101715	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Nutrient Regeneration by Zooplankton In South-
ern Lake Huron. Journal article,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor.
J. Korstad. C1983, 18p EPA/600/J-83/249
Grant EPA-R-803086
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research 9, n3 p374-388
1983.
Rates of nutrient regeneration by zooplankton (micro-
molecule/mg dry wt/hr) in southern Lake Huron from
April to August 1975 ranged from undetectable to 2.6
for total phosphorus (TP), undetected to 0.8 for total
soluble phosphorus (TSP), undetectable to 0.12 for
soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), undetectable to
0.97 for ammonia (NH3), undetectable to 3.8 for nitrate
plus nitrite (N03 + N02), and undetectable to 2.9 for
silica (Si02). Two diel experiments were conducted.
Times of highest rates of regeneration varied for the
different nutrients on these dates. (Copyright (c) Inter-
nal Assoc. Great Lakes Res. 1983.)
Keywords: "Nutrients, "Regeneration(Physiology),
"Zooplankton, "Lake Huron, Phosphorus, Ammonia,
Silicon dioxide, Surface waters, Inorganic nitrates, Ni-
trites, Concentration(Composition), Diurnal variations,
Chemical analysis, Tables(Data), Reprints.
PB85-101731/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
'In situ' Characterization of Microorganisma Indig-
enous to Water-Table Aquifers,
Florida State Univ, Tallahassee. Dept. of Biological
Science.
D. L. Balkwill, and W. C. Ghiorse. Sep 84,17p EPA/
600/D-84/232
Prepared in cooperation with Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
Core material from the deeper subsurface was exam-
ined for the presence and activity of microbes. Meth-
ods included acridine orange direct counts of the total
number of cells, 2-(p-iodophenyl)-3-(p-nitrophenyl)-5-
phenyl tetrazolium chloride reduction assays of the
number of respiring cells, plate counts of the number
of viable cells, and examination of the ultra-structural
characteristics of any microbes by transmission elec-
tron microscopy. The results demonstrated conclu-
sively that appreciable numbers (1-10 million per gram)
of bacteria reside in shallow, water-table aquifers.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Water pollution, "Soil
microbiology, Sampling, Bacteria, Counting methods,
Cells(Biology),	Respiration,	Bioassay,
Reduction(Chemistry), Cell morphology, Biological
stains, Water table, Aquifers, Electron microscopy,
Chlorine organic compounds, Tetrazolium chloride/
(iodophenyl)-(nitrophenyl)-phenyl.
PB85-101756/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Radiation Data Report 37, January
- March 1984.
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
Jun 84, 53p EPA/520/5-84/019
See also PB84-149145.
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is compiled and
distributed quarterly by the Office of Radiation Pro-
grams Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility
(EERF), Montgomery, Alabama, and contains data
from the Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring
System (ERAMS). Data from similar networks operat-
ed by contributing States, Canada, Mexico, and the
Pan American Health Organization are reported in the
ERD when available. The ERAMS is comprised of na-
tionwide sampling stations that provide air, surface
and drinking water, and milk samples from which envi-
ronmental radiation levels are derived. The radiation
analyses performed on these samples include gross
alpha and gross beta levels, gamma analyses for fis-
sion products, and specific analyses for uranium, Plu-
tonium, strontium, iodine, radium, krypton, and tritium.
Keywords: "Radioactivity, Radioactive contaminants,
Airborne wastes, Surface waters, Potable water, Milk,
Tritium, Cesium 137, Carbon 14, Fission products,
Krypton 85, Iodine 131, Strontium 90, Plutonium 239,
Uranium 235, Tables(Data), "Radiation monitoring,
"Environmental monitoring, ERAMS system, Strontium
89, Radium 226, Uranium 234, Uranium 238, Iodine
127, Barium 140, Potassium 40, Iodine 129, Environ-
mental exposure pathways.
PB85-101772/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Toxlcological Evaluation of Selected Chlorinated
Phenols,
Medical Coll. of Virginia, Richmond. Dept. of Pharma-
cology.
J. F. Borzelleca, L. W. Condie, and J. R. Hayes. Sep
84, 24p EPA/600/D-84/234
Grant EPA-R-808861
Toxicology studies were conducted with the mono-, di-
, and pentachlorophenols (CP). Chlorophenols (except
PC) demonstrate a relatively low order of toxicity. The
order of toxicity in mice and rats (most to least) is: POP
> tetra CPs > mono CPs > tri CPs > di CPs. Short-
term (14 days) repeated exposure to 2-CP at (gavage)
doses of 35, 69, or 175 mg/kg/day (approximately 1/
10, 1/5, 1/2 the acute oral LD50) resulted in 100%
lethality at the highest dose and no biologically signifi-
cant compound related effects at the lower doses.
Short-term (14 days) repeated exposure to 2,4-DCP at
(gavage) doses of 64, 128, or 638 mg/kg/day (ap-
proximately 1/20, 1/10, 1/2 the acute oral LD50)
failed to induce significant compound related toxicity.
The liver was identified as a possible target organ.
Subchronic exposure to 2,4-DCP at drinking water
concentrations of 0.2,0.6, and 2.0 mg/ml (limit of solu-
bility and acceptability was 2.0 mg/ml) for SO days (ap-
proximate doses of 50,150, 500 mg/kg/day) failed to
induce significant compound related toxicity. The data
presented and a review of the available literature sup-
port the relatively low order of toxicity of most chlorin-
ated phenols ingested orally (except PCP).
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Phenols, "Chlorine organic
compounds, "Water pollution, Laboratory animals,
Dosage, Exposure, Potable water. Liver, "Phenol/pen-
tachloro, "Phenol/chloro, "Phenol/dichloro.
PB85-102333/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Effluent and Ambient Toxicity Testing and In-
stream Community Response on the Ottawa
River, Lima, Ohio,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
D. I. Mount, N. A. Thomas, T. J. Norbera M. T.
Barbour, and T. H. Roush. Aug 84, 90p EPA/600/3-
84/080
Also pub. as Environmental Protection Agency, Wash-
ington, DC. Office of Water Enforcement and Permits
rept. no. OWEP-84/01.
The research described in this report had three objec-
tives: (1) determination of effluent and ambient stream
toxicity to Ceriodaphnia, fathead minnows, and indige-
nous species; (2) definition of the response of the bio-
logical community to point-source discharges; and (3)
evaluation of the effectiveness of toxicity testing tech-
niques in predicting ambient toxicity to indigenous
communities. Based on toxicity measurement of ef-
fluents and river water, tests did predict the resulting
toxicity downstream from the discharges.
Keywords: "Metals, "Toxicity, "Minnows, "Water pollu-
tion, "Ottawa River, Tests, Growth, Abundance, Spa-
tial distribution, Larvae, Copper, Refineries, Chemical
industry, Sewage treatment, Waste disposal, Ohio,
"Ceriodaphnia, Fathead minnows, Lima(Ohio).
PB85-102358/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program. Urban Runoff
Control In Rapid City, South Dakota: Executive
Summary. Final rept. 1979-83,
Black Hills Council of Governments, Rapid City, SD.
L. L. Harms. 30 Sep 84,25p
Grant EPA-P-008291-010
See also PB85-102366. Prepared in cooperation with
South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid
City, SD. Dept .of Civil Engineering.
This project included monitoring and sampling in Rapid
Creek to analyze and evaluate the effects of urban
stormwater runoff on water quality, and snowmelt
runoff effects. The correlation between increased con-
centrations of many pollutants and concentrations of
suspended solids resulted in the recommendation that
remedial measures should concentrate on reducing
suspended solids loading to Rapid Creek.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Water pollution, "Rapid Creek,
"Urban areas, Stream flow, Rainfall, Sediment trans-
port, Snowmelt, Monitoring, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Metals, Phosphorus, Turbidity, Nitrogen, Coli-
form bacteria, Assessments, South Dakota, "Storm
water runoff, Nonpoint sources, Rapid City(South
Dakota).
PB85-102366/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program. Urban Runoff
Control in Rapid City, South Dakota: Final Report.
Final rept. 1978-83,
Black Hills Council of Governments, Rapid City, SD.
L. L. Harms, M. Smith, and K. Goddard. 15 Sep 83,
167p
Grant EPA-P-008291-010
See also PB85-102358. Prepared in cooperation with
South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid
City, SD. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
This project included monitoring and sampling in Rapid
Creek to analyze and evaluate the effects of urban
stormwater runoff on water quality, and snowmelt
runoff effects. The correlation between increased con-
centrations of many pollutants and concentrations of
suspended solids resulted in the recommendation that
remedial measures should concentrate on reducing
suspended solids loading to Rapid Creek.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Water pollution, "Rapid Creek,
"Urban areas, Stream flow, Rainfall, Sediment trans-
port, Snowmelt, Monitoring, Phosphorus, Chlorides,
Ammonia,	Lead,	Nitrogen,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), South
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Dakota, "Storm water runoff, 'Rapid City(South
Dakota).
PB85-102374/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Economic Impact Analysis of Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Inorganic
Chemicals Industry, Phase 2. Final rept.
Meta Systems, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Jul 84,98p EPA/440/2-84/013
Contract EPA-68-01-6426
The U.S. EPA issued effluent guidelines and limitations
for Phase II of the Inorganic Chemicals Industry in July
1984. This report evaluates the effects that this regula-
tion will have on 46 facilities which manufacture one or
more of the 17 inorganic chemicals which comprise
Phase II of the Inorganic Chemicals Industry.
Keywords: 'Water pollution economics, "Economic
impact, "Inorganic compounds, 'Chemical industry,
, "Regulations, 'Water pollution control, Guidelines, As-
I sessments, Cost estimates, Profits, Employment, In-
1 dustrial waste treatment, Sodium sulfites, Sodium
chloride, Performance standards, "Water pollution
abatement, Water pollution standards.
PB85-102499/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Zinc Phosphide as the Active
Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
23 Jun 82, 57p EPA/540/RS-82/010
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Standards, "Guidelines, Ge-
netics, Packaging, Labels, Marking, Hazardous materi-
als, Agricultural products, Manufacturing, Public
health, Regulations, Tables(Data), "Reregistration,
'Toxic substances, "Zinc phosphides, Federal Insecti-
cide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act.
PB85-102507/HSU	PC A11 /MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, Winston-
Salem, North Carolina: An Evaluation of Street
Sweeping as a Runoff Pollution Control. Final rept.
Sep 79-Oct 83,
North Carolina Dept. of Natural Resources and Com-
munity Development, Raleigh. Div. of Environmental
Management.
Oct 83, 229p R-83/07
Grant EPA-P-004198-01
This is the final report of the Winston-Salem urban
runoff study, and focused on two small urban water-
sheds which together represented 80% of the land
use in the Winston-Salem area. One watershed was a
central business district, and the other watershed was
a residential area. The study was designed to establish
an urban stormwater data base which could be used in
the Nationwide Urban Runoff Program assessment,
and for urban runoff planning in North Carolina. In ad-
dition, the study was designed to evaluate the effec-
tiveness, under real world conditions, of street sweep-
ing implemented as a best management practice
(BMP) for the reduction of urban stormwater pollution.
The types of samples collected for analysis were
street solids accumulation, street cleaning effective-
ness, precipitation, water quality and biological.
Keywords: 'Runoff, "Water pollution, 'Urban areas,
Watersheds, Sampling, Rainfall, Snowmelt, Sedi-
ments, Particle size. Streets, Cleaning, Effectiveness,
Maps, Land use, Bioassay, Worms, Diptera, Abun-
dance, Invertebrates, Chemical analysis, Nutrients, Air
pollution. Graphs(Charts), North Carolina, 'Storm
water runoff, Suspended solids, Best management
practices, Winston Salem(North Carolina).
224 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB85-102523/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Swirl and Helical Bend Regulator/Concentrator
for Storm and Combined Sewer Overflow Control,
Environmental Design and Planning, Inc., Boston, MA.
W. C. Pisano, D. J. Connick, and G. L. Aronson. Sep
84, 365p EPA/600/2-84/151
Grants EPA-S-805975, EPA-S-802219
Swirl and helical bend devices were studied for three
years at Lancaster, PA, and West Roxbury in Boston,
MA. At Lancaster the study included: A full-scale swirl
regulator/solids concentrator (SRC) for combined
sewer overflow (CSO) control (24-ft (7.3-m) diameter)
and a swirl degritter for SRC foul underflow (8-ft (2.4-
m) diameter). At West Roxbury the study included: A
pilot-scale SRC for separate urban stormwater treat-
ment (10.5-ft (3.2-m) diameter) and a pilot-scale helical
bend regulator/solids concentrator (HBRC) for sepa-
rate urban stormwater treatment (60-ft (18.3-m) long).
Data from the Lancaster facility indicated that the SRC
is an efficient treatment device to remove heavier or
'first flush'-related suspended solids and grit. At West
Roxbury, efficiencies were low for both units and
appear to be related to very low settling velocities of
the suspended solids.
Keywords: 'Flow regulators, 'Concentrators, "Com-
bined sewers, "Water pollution control, Sewage treat-
ment, Overflows, Prototypes, Performance evaluation,
Grit removal. Settling, Design, Diagrams, Storm drains,
Graphs(Charts), Construction, Field tests, 'Storm
water runoff, Suspended solids.
PB85-102705/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Thlram as the Active Ingredi-
ent.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
29 Jun 84,104p EPA/540/RS-84/006
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions in the standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Standards, "Guidelines, Ge-
netics, Packaging, Labels, Marking, Hazardous materi-
als, Ecology, Agricultural products, Manufacturing,
Public health, Regulations, Tables(Data), Fungicides,
"Reregistration, "Thiram, "Toxic substances, Federal
Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, Sulfide/
bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl)-di.
PB85-102846/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Reproductive Effects of Alternate Disinfectants
and Their By-Products,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
B. D. Carlton, and M. K. Smith. Sep 84, 24p EPA/600/
D-84/235
Grant EPA-R-810301
This is a review article of the reproductive effects of al-
ternate disinfectants and their by-products. The avail-
able literature is surveyed concerning studies of chlo-
rine, chloramine, chlorine dioxide, chlorite, and chlo-
rate. A more detailed discussion is given of reproduc-
tive studies of chlorite in the rat.
Keywords: "Disinfectants, "Reproductive system,
Rats, Laboratory animals, Chlorine, Chloramine, Chlo-
rine dioxide, Chlorite, Chlorate, "Toxic substances.
PB85-102853/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Homogeneous Land Types of the Conterminous
United States East of the Rocky Mountains,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
M. A. Shirazi, L. Lowrie, and J. W. Hart. Sep 84,17p
EPA/600/D-84/236
The safe disposal of hazardous waste, the under-
standing of acid rain related effects, and the attainabil-
ity of high water quality are but a few examples need-
ing regional consideration for their management. A re-
gional approach to environmental management is fa-
cilitated by identifying ecologically homogeneous land
types within broad geographic regions. To address this
need, the ecological characteristics of major land
types in the eastern half of the conterminous United
States are generated by a computer directly from the
maps of the National Atlas. Thematic maps from the
Atlas representing land surface form, surficial geology,
soils, and potential natural vegetation were digitized
and used in the computer for an overlay analysis. The
joint spacial correlation of the like ecological charac-
teristics were evaluated based on these maps and
boundaries of major ecologically homogenous land
types were drawn using computer graphics.
Keywords: "Geography, 'Mapping, 'Ecology, Land-
forms, Geology, Soils, Vegetation, United States,
'Land types, Computer aided mapping.
PB85-102879/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Air Emissions from Industrial Boilers Burning Haz-
ardous Waste Materials,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
R. A. Olexsey. Sep 84,19p EPA/600/D-84/233
Hazardous waste incinerators are tightly regulated
under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). On the other hand, processes for which the
primary purpose is production of energy but, inciden-
tally, burning hazardous wastes are exempt from the
RCRA incineration regulations. EPA is concerned
about the impact of this 'Energy Exemption' and has
initiated a test program to determine if and to what
extent regulation of such processes may be required.
The most significant practice that currently is excluded
from regulation is disposal of hazardous materials in
industrial boilers. There are currently in the U.S. ap-
proximately 240,000 operating industrial boilers and a
large percentage of these boilers are accessible to
hazardous wastes. This paper describes the testing of
12 such industrial boilers of various types using varying
waste materials and test 'spiked' materials. Test site
selection is discussed, sampling and analytical meth-
odologies are presented and test results are summa-
rized. The primary focus of the test program was on
the ability of the boilers to destroy principal organic
hazardous compounds (POHCs) and also to charac-
terize and quantify emissions of products of incom-
plete combustion (PICs). Measurements of particulate
emissions, CO, NOx, and THC were also recorded. At-
tempts were made to establish correlations between
boiler type, boiler operating parameters and waste de-
struction efficiencies.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Incinerators, 'Boil-
ers, "Regulations, "Air pollution control, Standards, In-
dustrial plants, Combustion products. Carbon monox-
ide, Nitrogen oxides, Performance evaluation, "Energy
sources, Resource conservation and recovery act.
PB8S-102986/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Towing Tank Studies of Stratified Flow Over
Ridges and Valleys,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J. T. Lee, S. Barr, R. E. Lawson, Jr., W. H. Snyder, and
G. L. Marsh. Sep 84,9p EPA/600/D-84/230
Prepared in cooperation with Los Alamos National
Lab., NM. and Northrop Services, Inc., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Stable atmospheric flow over a ridge and a valley was
simulated in a large towing tank filled with stratified salt
water. Flow visualization experiments were conducted
using colored dye streamers and 10 cm high models
with sinusoidal cross-sections. These experiments
provided qualitative data on the structure of the flow
field over the ridges and within the valley. They also
provided quantitative data on the height of the dividing
streamline which separates the fluid that flows over a
ridge from that which flows around the ends. These
data agree with an existing theory based upon the po-
tential energy barrier associated with flow over the
ridge.
Keywords: "Flow visualization, "Atmospheric circula-
tion, "Topography, Model tests, Simulation, Flow distri-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB85-102994/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Land Classification Used to Select Abandoned
Hazardous Waste Study Sites. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
M. A. Shirazi. 1984, 9p EPA/600/J-84/110
Pub. in Environmental Management, v8 n4 p281-286
1984.
The biological effects of hazardous substances in the
environment are influenced by climate, physiography,
and biota. These factors interact to determine the
transport and fate of chemicals, but are difficult to
model accurately except for small areas with a large
data base. The requirement for large data base may be
reduced locally if the regional influences of these fac-
tors were predetermined from existing data. Knowl-
edge of the regional factors would also relax the re-
striction to considering only small areas. This paper
advocates consideration of regional characteristics of
the environment in the early stages of waste manage-
ment strategy development. It presents as an example
a procedure for selecting study sites from candidate-
abandoned hazardous waste dumpsites in the south-
eastern United States. It uses small-scale maps of low
resolution from the National Atlas to delineate the
boundaries and to determine the environmental char-
acteristics that prevail over units of land within the
region. A computer map-overlay and graphic approach
is used to facilitate the grouping of land types. Aban-
doned hazardous waste dumpsites found within land
types that best represent the region are surveyed for
selecting a study site. It is expected that environmental
impact data obtained from a representative site would
be useful for predicting impact potentials in similar re-
motely located areas within the same general region.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Transport proper-
ties, 'Environmental surveys, Sites, Solid waste dis-
posal, Leaching, Water pollution, Laboratory equip-
ment, Field tests, Climate, Geology, Vegetation, Soil
surveys, Reprints, 'Biological processes, 'Path of pol-
lutants, 'Toxic substances, 'Land use, Southeast
Region(United States), Waste management, Ecosys-
tems.
PB85-103000	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Vertical Distribution of Profundal Benthos In Lake
Superior Sediments. Journal article,
Normandale Community Coll., Bloomington, MN.
A. S. Heuschele. C1982, 14p EPA/600/J-82/439
Grant EPA-R-806084
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research 8, n4 p603-613
1982.
Layers of sediment in box cores from 10 Lake Superior
open lake sites were sieved at 250 micrometers to
retain benthos. The average density of benthic orga-
nisms, 3,055/sq m, was higher than has previously
been reported for profundal regions of the lake, sug-
gesting that biological mixing is important in the sedi-
ments. Bottom fauna were distributed from the water-
sediment interface to a depth of 1.7 cm in firm glacial
till and to a depth of 15 cm in soft clay. There was vari-
ability between sampling sites: oligochaetes and nem-
atodes penetrated further into loose sediments than
into compacted sand or clay. Ninety-six percent of the
profundal benthos was found within the first four centi-
meters of sediment, with 47% between 0 and 0.5 cm
(mostly Pontoporeia hoyi, naidids, sphaeriids, cope-
pods, ostracods, and neorhabdocoels); 49% between
0.5 and 4 cm (mostly nematodes and oligochaetes);
and 4% below 4 cm. The location of ollgochaete co-
coons containing embryos indicated that enchytraeid
positions in the cores often represented their in situ
vertical distribution. (Copyright (c) Internal. Assoc.
Great Lakes Res. 1982.)
Keywords: 'Benthos, 'Sediments, 'Lake Superior,
Sampling, Worms, Nematoda, Cores, Density(Mass/
volume), Interfaces, Depth, Sands, Clay soils, Abun-
dance, Mixing, Spatial distribution, Larvae, Reprints,
'Biological mixing, Oligochaeta, Pontoporeia.
PB85-103018/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Workshop Proceedings: Approaches for Improv-
ing the Assessment of Human Qenetle Risk-
Human Blomonitoring,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
J. R. Fowle, III. Aug 84,59p EPA/600/9-84/016
Federal laws require a consideration of adverse health
effects, including mutagenicity, in arriving at regulatory
decisions on chemical substances. Certain laws re-
quire balancing the consequences of these risks with
the benefits provided by the use of chemical sub-
stances. This requires that risk be quantitatively as-
sessed. Estimates of human genetic risk can be made
indirectly based on data from animal experimentation
and human somatic cells, but it is not practical to esti-
mate genetic risk directly based on data from human
germ cells. The indirect estimates are highly debated
because of uncertainties about interspecies and inter-
organ extrapolations. Uncertainties in extrapolating
from effects observed in animals at high experimental
doses to effects likely to occur in humans at much
lower environmental levels further complicate genetic
risk assessment. Comparative studies are needed to
define the relationships between somatic cell and
germ cell events and between experimental animals
and humans. This may involve selecting at least one
high risk human population for study. These efforts will
require a long-term coordination of efforts among the
Federal agencies and among government agencies,
industrial concerns, and the academic community.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Genetics, 'Congenital abnor-
malities, Bioassay, Risks, Humans, Exposure, Popula-
tions, Cells(Biology), Deoxyribonucleic acid, 'Toxic
substances, Biomonitorlng, Mutagenesis.
PB85-103026/HSU	PC A25/MF A01
Proposed Sampling and Analytical Methodologies
for Addition to Test Methods for Evaluating Solid
Waste: Physical/Chemical Methods (SW-846, 2nd
Edition).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
1984,595p
Proposed Sampling and Analytical Methodologies for
Addition to 'Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste,
Physical/Chemical Methods' (SW-846, 2nd Edition). A
compilation of sampling and analysis methods is being
proposed for addition to EPA's methods manual 'Test
Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemi-
cal Methods.' Proposed analytical methods include
various techniques to characterize samples of waste,
groundwater, and stack emissions for properties such
as organic and inorganic content, corrosivity, radioac-
tivity, and total oil and grease. Methods are also pro-
posed for sampling groundwater, incinerators and land
treatment facilities.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Sampling, 'Environ-
mental surveys, 'Solid waste disposal. Ground water,
Incinerators, Air pollution, Laboratory equipment,
'Solid wastes, Land pollution.
PB85-103034/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Risk Assessment of Waste Oil Burning In Boilers
and Space Heaters. Final rept.
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Aug 84,248p EPA/530/SW-84/011
Contract EPA-68-02-3173
As petroleum prices increased dramatically in the
1970's, the burning of used oils as supplemental fuel in
boilers and space heaters became the most common
recycling method for used oils. Congress, in passing
the Used Oil Recycling Act, expressed the concern
that the contaminants in used oil might be released as
hazardous air pollutants as a result of burning used oil,
and directed EPA to consider the need for regulations
in this area. This report uses used oil composition data,
combustion testing data, air dispersion modeling tech-
niques, and pollutant health effects data to quantita-
tively assess the hazards that might result from burn-
ing used oils under certain situations.
Keywords: 'Boilers, 'Space heaters, 'Air pollution,
'Hazardous materials, Toxicity, Assessments, Risk,
Environmental impacts, Comparison, Urban areas,
Combustion products, Reclamation, Public health,
Fuels, 'Refuse derived fuels, 'Waste utilization,
'Waste recycling, 'Air quality, Liquid wastes,
Dioxin(Herbicides), Dibenzofurans, Dibenzodioxins.
PB85-103083/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, Baltimore,
Maryland: Sources of Microorganisms in Urban
Runoff. Final rept. 1979-82,
Regional Planning Council, Baltimore, MD.
S. Lim, and V. P. Olivieri. Sep 82,163p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Water Planning Div.
This report documents findings related to sources of
microorganisms available for removal by urban runoff
in well-defined residential drainage areas in Baltimore
City, over an 8 month period. High densities of indica-
tor microorganisms were found in urban sites that had
high population densities and were generally in poor
sanitary condition, as compared to a site that had a low
population density and was well-maintained. It is highly
probable that the microbial quality of runoff from 'dirty'
sites would improve significantly if more attention were
paid to upgrading sanitation and stricter enforcement
of litter laws in these areas.
Keywords: 'Runoff, "Water pollution, "Urban areas,
Stream flow, Bacteria, Indicator species, Sanitation,
Sources, Feces, Animals, Farms, Humans, Catch
basins. Monitoring, Graphs(Charts), Maryland,
Baltimore(Maryland).
PB85-103117	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Enrichment of PCBs In Lake Michigan Surface
Films. Journal article,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Div.
C. P. Rice, B. J. Eadie, and K. M. Erstfeld. c1982,9p
EPA/600/J-82/438
Grant EPA-R-808849
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research 8, n2 p265-270
1982.
The processes of exchange of PCBs and related or-
ganics at the surface of large bodies of water such as
the Great Lakes are unavoidably linked to the unique
properties of surface films. The authors have observed
a 3 to 8 fold enrichment of PCB over underlying water
in surface film samples taken from Lake Michigan with
a Garrett screen sampler. The particle association of
the PCBs was highest in the microlayer, averaging
50% compared to 20% on particles in the subsurface
water ana less than 5% in the air. The PCBs in the
samples were identified as Aroclor 1254 and Aroclor
1242. The percentage composition of the two Aroclors
varied between the air and the water as follows: the air
was 30.2% Aroclor 1254 and the water (microlayer
plus subsurface) was 57.6% Aroclor 1254.
Keywords: "Lake Michigan, "Surface properties,
'Water pollution, "Air water interactions, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Great Lakes, Films, Samplers, Air
pollution, Reprints, "Polychlorinated biphenyls, Aroclor
1254, Aroclor 1242.
PB85-103133/H8U	PC A03/MF A01
Neurophysiologies! Measures Following Exposure
to Neurotoxic Agents,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. S. Dyer. Sep 84,50p EPA/600/D-84/231
A wide variety of electrophysiological techniques are
available for use in detection ana characterization of
neurotoxicity. One of these techniques, the flash
evoked potential, or FEP, has been discussed in some
detail to provide a forum for raising issues common to
many electrophysiological techniques. The issues
raised include interpretation of results and methodo-
logical variables important for successful use of the
techniques. In addition, several little-used but poten-
tially valuable methods were identified.
Keywords: Exposure, Electrophysiology, Detection,
Measurement, "Neurotoxicity, Evoked potential.
PB85-103141/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effects of Pollution on Freshwater Organisms.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
G. L. Phipps, M. J. Harden, E. N. Leonard, T. H. Roush,
and D. L. Spehar. 1984,35p EPA/600/J-84/101
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation
56, n6p725-758 1984.
The 1963 world literature on the effects of pollution on
freshwater fish, amphibians, invertebrates and plants
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
was reviewed. The effects of physical pollutants such
as pH, and dissolved gases and organic and inorganic
chemical pollutants are included. The review contains
625 references from reviews, symposia and journal ar-
ticles.
Keywords: "Invertebrates, "Fresh water fishes,
"Aquatic plants, "Water pollution, "Reviews, pH, Dis-
solved gases, Inorganic compounds, Organic com-
pounds, Reprints, Water pollution effects(Animals),
Water pollution effects(Plants).
PB85-103166	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Effects of Nitrogen Sources on P-Limited Growth
of 'Anabaena Flos-Aquae'. Journal article,
New York State Dept. of Health, Albany.
G. Y. Rhee, and T. C. Lederman. c1983,10p EPA/
600/J-83/251
Grant EPA-R-806820
Pub. in Jnl. of Phycology 19, p179-185 1983.
Dominance of N2-fixing algae has frequently been ob-
served in freshwater environments in late spring or
summer when the ratio of available N and P is low. This
dominance is apparently due largely to the unique abili-
ty of the algae to fix atmospheric N2 while the limita-
tion of combined N restricts the growth of non-N2-
fixing species. As the ratio of available N to P de-
creases, P limitation changes to N limitation for the
nonfixers, but for N2-fixing species N-fixation takes
over as the primary source of N. In the present study
the authors investigated how P requirements, C-fixa-
tion and growth kinetics of N2-fixing blue-green algae
are affected by various inorganic N species.
Keywords: "Algae, "Nitrogen fixation, "Lakes, Growth,
Inorganic nitrates, Ammonia, Nitrogen, Requirements,
Phosphorus, Nitrogen inorganic compounds, Reprints,
"Anabaena, Carbon fixation.
PB85-103471/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Revised Evaluation of Health Effects Associated
with Carbon Monoxide Exposure: An Addendum
to the 1979 EPA Air Quality Criteria Document for
Carbon Monoxide. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
V. A. Benignus, L. D. Grant, D. J. McKee, and J. Raub.
Aug 84,66p EPA/600/8-83/033F
The addendum re-evaluates the scientific data base
concerning health effects associated with exposure to
carbon monoxide (CO) at ambient or near ambient
levels by providing: (1) a concise summary of key
health effects information pertaining to relatively low-
level CO exposure; and (2) an overview of the limited
volume of new evidence on the subject. This re-eval-
uation is performed in light of the diminished value of
studies by Dr. Wilbert Aronow on human health effects
of exposure to low levels of CO. His studies figured in
to the preparation of the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency's 1979 Air Quality Criteria Document for
Carbon Monoxide and to the Agency's proposed re-
tention of the 8-hour primary and revision of the 1 -hour
standards for CO (45 FR 55066; August 18,1980).
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Carbon monoxide, Cardio-
vascular system, Exposure, Physiological effects, Be-
havior, Risks, "Air pollution effects(Humans), Perinato-
logy, Fibrinolysis.
PB85-104107/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Filter Extraction and Ames Bioassay Results for
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Particu-
late Samples. Final rept.Sep 83-May 84,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
M. A. Warner-Selph. Aug 84, 31p EPA/460/3-84/006
Contract EPA-68-03-3162
This report describes filter extractions and Ames bio-
assay of filter extracts performed for the Emission
Control Technology Division of Environmental Protec-
tion Agency. Eight sets of particulate-loaded filters
were provided to SwRI by the sponsor. The filters were
soxhlet-extracted in methylene chloride, and the ex-
tracts were dried and weighed. The organic extracts
were analyzed using the Ames bioassay at Southwest
Foundation for Biomedical Research (SFBR), formerly
Southwest Foundation for Research and Education.
The data were analyzed using linear and non-linear re-
gression methods.
Keywords: "Bioassay, "Particles, "Filtration, "Exhaust
emissions, Solvent extraction. Mutagens, Organic sol-
vents, Biochemistry, Toxicity, In vitro analysis, Metabo-
lism, Cultures(Biology), Bacteria, Air pollution, "Ames
bioassay, "Air pollution detection, "Toxic substances.
PB85-104230	Not available NTIS
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Effect of Nonconforms on Collform Detection In
Potable Groundwater: Improved Recovery with an
Anaerobic Membrane Filter Technique. Journal ar-
ticle Jul 80-Jun 82,
Arizona Univ., Tucson.
S. G. Franzblau, B. J. Hinnebusch, L. M. Kelley, and N.
A. Sinclair. C1984,10p EPA/600/J-84/109
Prepared in cooperation with New Mexico Univ., Albu-
querque.
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v48
n1 p142-148 Jul 84.
A total of 529 well and distribution potable water sam-
ples were analyzed for total coliforms by the most-
probable-number and membrane filter (MF) tech-
niques. Standard plate count bacteria and MF noncon-
form bacteria were also enumerated. This anaerobic
modification of the standard MF technique significantly
reduced overgrowth and enhanced recovery of coli-
forms from potable groundwater. This technique is
simple, cost effective, and suitable for monitoring of
untreated ground water common to some small water
systems and private water supplies.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Ground water, "Coliform
bacteria, "Membranes, "Anaerobic processes, "Bioas-
say, Sampling, Water supplies, Water pollution, Water
analysis, Filtration, Cost analysis, Performance evalua-
tion, Reprints, "Water pollution detection, "Enhanced
recovery.
PB85-104305/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, New York. Air Pro-
grams Branch.
Cost-Benefit Analysis: Heavy Duty Gasoline Truck
Inspection and Maintenance Program, New York
City Metropolitan Area. Final rept.,
Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Co., Washington, DC.
R. S. Figura, and J. F. DiRenzo. Aug 84, 78p EPA/902/
5-84/003
Contract EPA-68-02-3506
The New York City metropolitan area (New York City,
Nassau, Suffolk, Westchester, and Rockland Coun-
ties) must implement air quality improvement strate-
gies which, by 1987, will enable it to achieve national
ambient air quality standards for carbon monoxide and
ozone. One of these strategies is a heavy duty gaso-
line truck (HDGT) exhaust inspection and mainte-
nance (l/M) program. The primary object of this project
is to quantify and assess the costs and benefits asso-
ciated with embarking on an l/M program for HDGTs.
The cost-benefit analysis considers the economic ef-
fects on the trucking industry, inspection stations and
the general public. The data used for the cost-benefit
analysis is extended to provide the basis for cost-ef-
fectiveness comparisons. This enables policy makers
to view and HDGT l/M program in relation to other air
quality improvement strategies.
Keywords: "Benefit cost analysis, "Inspection, 'Main-
tenance, "Air pollution, "Exhaust emissions, Trucks,
Environmental impacts, Standards, Carbon monoxide,
Gasoline, Ozone, Assessments, New York, "Heavy
duty vehicles, "Air quality, New York City(New York).
PB85-104529/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, Priority Pollut-
ant Analysis: Final Report. Rept. for 1980-82.
Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments,
DC.
30 Sep 82,23p
Grant EPA-P-003208-01
Prepared in cooperation with JTC Environmental Con-
sultants, Inc., Bethesda, MD.
This report was developed based on the analytical-
analyses performed to establish the presense and
concentration of priority pollutants. It includes quality
assurance/control documentation, analytical results
and conclusion based on findings.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Water pollution, "Urban areas,
Stream flow, Snowmelt, Rainfall, Metals, Land use]
Phenols, Organic compounds, Chemical analysis,'
Atomic spectroscopy, Pesticides, Chloromethanes!
Tables(Data), "Storm water runoff, Urban hydrology.
PB85-104537/HSU	PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, Tampa, Flori-
da.
Tampa Dept. of Public Works, FL.
Oct 83,938p-in 5v
Set includes PB85-104545 through PB85-104586.
No abstract available.
PB85-104S45/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, Tampa, Flori-
da: Water Quality Assessment of the Lower Hills-
borough River - Final Report. Rept. for 1979-83.
Tampa Dept. of Public Works, FL.
Oct 83,188p
Grant EPA-P-004196-01
See also PB85-104552. Prepared in cooperation with
Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Boston, MA.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB85-
104537.
This report provides the results of the sampling, moni-
toring, evaluation and analysis of data to better char-
acterize the water quality in the estuary of the Hillsbor-
ough River, and determination of the impact of storm-
water runoff on this water body.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Water pollution, "Hillsborough
River Estuary, Sampling, Urban planning, Stream flow,
Fresh water, Temperature, Rainfall, Biochemical
oxygen demand. Inorganic nitrates, Nitrites, Salinity,
Oxygen, Dissolved gases, Graphs(Charts),
Tables(Data), Florida, "Storm water runoff,
"Tampa(Florida), Urban hydrology.
PB85-104552/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Nationwide urban Runoff Program, Tampa, Flori-
da: Phase 3 Final Report. Volume 1. Stormwater
Management Plan. Rept. for 1979-83.
Tampa Dept. of Public Works, FL.
Oct 83,129p
Grant EPA-P-004196-01
See also PB85-104545, and PB85-104560. Prepared
in cooperation with Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Boston
MA.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB85-
104537.
This volume of the report constitutes the Stormwater
Management Plan for the City of Tampa, Florida. It
provides the City with an organized approach and spe-
cific objectives to effectively manage its stormwater
system, and takes into account both the quantity and
the quality of stormwater. Specific objectives in these
areas are characterizing the reductions in flows and
loads required from the overall study area to eliminate
flooding and satisfy receiving water quality objectives.
Practices are recommended to alleviate adverse
stormwater impacts. A test basin analysis is included
as an example to use in developing specific plans for
the area, including needed facilities or controls, and
their sizes and costs.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Water quality management,
"Urban areas, Stream flow, Flooding, Regulations, Ljl
censes, Drainage, Ordinance, Rainfall, Cost analysis
Water storage, Hillsborough River, Hydrodynamics'
Mathematical models, Graphs(Charts), Florida, Maps'
"Design storm, "Storm water runoff, "Tampa(Florida)'
PB85-104560/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Water Planning Div.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, Tampa, Flori-
da: Phase 3 Final Report. Volume 2. Stormwater
Management Plan Appendices. Rept. for 1979-83.
Tampa Dept. of Public Works, FL.
Oct 83, 220p
Grant EPA-P-004196-01
See also PB85-104552, and PB84-104578. Prepared
in cooperation with Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Boston,
MA.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB85-
104537.
This report lists the Appendices contained in the
volume, as follows: A. Mathematical Models; B. Drain-
age Ordinances; C. Design Criteria; D. Drainage
System Design; E. Operations and Maintenance; F.
Long-Term River Monitoring; and G. Long-Term Rain-
fall/Runoff Monitoring. Appendix A describes in detail
the mathematical models used in development of the
Stormwater Management Plan, and Appendices B.
thru G. re-evaluate the City's present approaches to
stormwater management including those listed, with
respect to the overall objectives of the Stormwater
Management Plan.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Water pollution, "Urban areas,
Mathematical models, Drainage, Ordinances, Monitor-
ing, Rainfall, Hillsborough River, Design, Water stor-
age, Land use, Objectives, Tables(Data), Florida,
"Storm water runoff, Tampa(Florida).
PB85-104578/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, Tampa, Flori-
da: Phase 2 Final Report. Task U.S. Runoff Charac-
terization - Data Analysis. Task II.9. Control Test-
ing - Data Analysis. Task 11.10. Projection of Study
Area-Wide Loadings. Task 11.11. Monitor Other
NURP Projects. Rept. for 1979-83.
Tampa Dept. of Public Works, FL.
Oct 83,192p
Grant EPA-P-004196-01
See also PB85-104560, PB85-104586, and PB84-
239375. Prepared in cooperation with Metcalf and
Eddy, Inc., Boston, MA.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB85-
104537.
The Nationwide Urban Runoff Program (NURP) project
tasks reported in this document include: (1) Runoff
Characterization - Data Analysis, (2) Control Testing -
Data Analysis, (3) Projection of Study Area-wide Load-
ings, and (4) Monitoring Other NURP Projects. These
analyses are of stormwater runoff quantity and quality
data collected in 5 monitoring basins, and analysis of
the effectiveness of 4 types of stormwater controls, in-
cluding open bottom inlets, drain trenches, ditch sys-
tems, and retention/detention ponds.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Water pollution, "Urban areas,
Monitoring, Volume, Rainfall, Ditches, Drainage, Flow
rate, Mathematical models, Fluid Infiltration, Biochemi-
cal oxygen demand, Water storage, Ponds,
Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), Florida, "Storm water
runoff, Organic loading, Tampa(Florida).
PB8S-104586/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, Tampa, Flori-
da: Final Summary Report. Rept. for 1979-83.
Tampa Dept. of Public Works, FL.
Oct 83,209p
Grant EPA-P-004196-01
See also PB85-104578. Prepared in cooperation with
Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Boston, MA.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB85-
104537.
This report provides the pertinent conclusions and rec-
ommendations of the Tampa, Florida, National Urban
Runoff Program Study, conducted on the lower Hills-
borough River.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Water pollution, "Urban areas,
Recommendations, Hillsborough River, Water quality
management, Decision making, Reservoirs, Monitor-
ing, Precipitation(Meteorology), Ground water, Obser-
vation wells, Biochemical oxygen demand, Coliform
bacteria, Tables(Data), Periodic variations, Salinity,
Mathematical models, Florida, "Storm water runoff,
Urban hydrology, "Tampa(Florida).
PB85-104883	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Observations of Cancer Incidence Surveillance in
Duluth, Minnesota. Journal article,
Minnesota Dept. of Health, Minneapolis.
E. E. Sigurdson. C1983,9p EPA/600/J-83/264
Grant EPA-R-805428
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v53 p61-
67 1983.
In 1973, amphibole asbestos fibers were discovered in
the municipal water supply of Duluth, Minnesota. The
entire city population of approximately 100,000 was
exposed during the late 1950s through 1976 at levels
of 1 -65 million fibers per liter of water. Because of pre-
vious epidemiologic studies which linked mesotheli-
oma, lung, and gastrointestinal cancers to occupation-
al exposure to asbestos, surveillance of cancer inci-
dence in residents of Duluth was initiated to determine
the health effect from ingestion of asbestos. The meth-
odology of the Third National Cancer Survey (TNCS)
and SEER Program was used. Duluth 1969-1971 rates
were compared with TNCS rates for the cities of Min-
neapolis and St. Paul during 1969-1971; Duluth rates
during 1979-1980 are compared with Duluth 1969-
1971 and with Iowa SEER; and a table of the occur-
rence of malignant mesothelioma is presented. Statis-
tically significant excesses are observed in several pri-
mary sites in Duluth residents.
Keywords: "Asbestos, "Malignant neoplasms, Surveil-
lance, Minnesota, Occurrence, Reprints,
Duluth(Minnesota), "Cancer.
PB85-104891	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Cancer Risk from Asbestos In Drinking Water:
Summary of a Case-Control Study in Western
Washington. Journal article,
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle,
WA.
L. Polissar, R. K. Severson, and E. S. Boatman. c1983,
6p EPA/600/J-83/262
Grant EPA-R-805846
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v53 p57-
601983.
Case-control, interview-based study of the risk of de-
veloping cancer from asbestos in drinking water was
conducted in an area including Beverett, Washington,
selected because of the unusually high concentration
of chrysotile asbestos in drinking water from the Sultan
River. Through a population-based tumor registry, 382
individuals with cancer of the buccal cavity, pharynx,
respiratory system, digestive system, bladder, or
kidney, diagnosed between 1977 and 1980, were iden-
tified, and they-or their next-of-kin~were interviewed.
Data on asbestos exposure were collected based on
residence and workplace history and on individual
water consumption. Logistic regression was used to
estimate cancer risk. No convincing evidence for in-
creased cancer risks from imbibed asbestos was
found. Confidence intervals for relative risks for almost
all sites included unity. There were significantly elevat-
ed risks only for male stomach and male pharyngeal
cancer, but .there sex-inconsistent results, based on
small numbers of cases, are probably due to the fac-
tors.
Keywords: "Asbestos, "Malignant neoplasms, Risk,
Washington(State), Sultan River, Exposure, Reprints,
"Drinking water, "Cancer, Beverett(Washington),
"Water pollution effects(Humans).
PB85-104909/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Qas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy Analy-
sis of Mutagenic Extracts of Aqueous Chlorinated
Humlc Acid. A Comparison of the Byproducts to
Drinking Water Contaminants. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
W. E. Coleman, J. W. Munch, W. H. Kaylor, R. P.
Streicher, and H. P. Ringhand. 1984, 9p EPA/600/J-
84/113
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v18
n9 p674-681 1984.
Formation of mutagenic compounds as a result of
aqueous chlorination of humic acids has been demon-
strated. Solvent extracts responding positively to the
Ames test were analyzed by GC/MS in an attempt to
identify the mutagenic components. Aliquots of the
chlorinated humic solution were also analyzed by
closed-loop stripping and GC/MS. Results of GC/MS
analyses of methylene chloride and ether extracts and
of the closed-loop-stripping extract indicated that triha-
lomethanes and halogenated acetic acids, acetoni-
triles, 2-propanones, propenals, propenenitriles, pro-
penes, phenols and thiophenes were formed by the
aqueous chlorination of humic acids at neutral pH. The
concentrations of eight of the halogenated by-prod-
ucts accounted for about one fourth of the total organ-
ic halogen (TOX) content of the aqueous chlorinated
humic acid solution. The mass spectra of tentatively
identified compounds are included. The similarity of
mutagenic compounds identified in this study with
compounds previously identified in drinking water sug-
gests that the reaction of chlorine with natural aquatic
humics is a likely source of mutagen formation in drink-
ing water. Some data on the production of halogenat-
ed compounds from the chlorination of humics in the
presence of bromide (Br-) at various molar concentra-
tions are also included.
Keywords: "Humic acids, "Water pollution, Compari-
son, Contaminants, Gas chromatography, Mass spec-
troscopy, Reprints, Drinking water.
PB85-104917	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Behavioral Toxicity of Chloral in Mice: An Ap-
proach to Evaluation. Journal article,
Virginia Commonwealth Univ., Richmond.
M. J. Kallman, G. L. Kaempf, and R. L. Balster. C1984,
12p EPA/600/600/5-84/105
Grants EPA-R-808861, EPA-R-8906481
Pub. in Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology, v6
p137-146 1984.
The potential for behavioral toxicity of the water con-
taminant chloral (CHL) was ascertained from acute, 14
day and 90 days of exposure in adult mice and perina-
tal exposure. Acute motor incoordination produced by
CHL occurred 5 min after gavage and persisted for
about 2hr. The ED50 for acute CHL effects was
84.2mg/kg, a value less than 1/10th of the acute
LD50. Exposure for 14 days to either 14.4 or 144.0mg/
kg/day of CHL by gavage did not produce any deleteri-
ous effects on body weight, behavioral observations,
locomotor activity, motor coordination or swimming en-
durance which were measured 24-48hr after exposure
was terminated. Subchronic, 90 day exposure to 0.70
or 0.07mg/ml CHL in drinking water (15.7 and
159.8mg/kg/day) did not affect the palatibility of drink-
ing water since total fluid intakes were not reduced.
Mice exposed to these doses of CHL did not gain
weight as rapidly as control mice. Exposure to
159.8mg/kg/day produced a decrease in body tem-
perature after 45 days of exposure and a second tem-
perature measurement indicated that mice exposed to
both 15.7 and 159.8mg/kg/day were hypothermic on
day 91.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Chloral hydrate, Behavior,
Mice, Laboratory animals, Screening, Evaluation, Re-
prints.
PB85-10492S	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Use of Whole Embryo Culture for Evaluating Tox-
icity and Teratogenicity. Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Medi-
cine.
T. W. Sadler, and C. W. Warner. c1984,8p EPA/600/
J-84/104
Grant EPA-R-808888
Pub. in Pharmacological Reviews, v36 n2 pl45S-150S
1984.
The use of rodent embryos cultured in vitro for the
evaluation of the teratogenicity of compounds is dis-
cussed in detail. Time and concentration of exposure
are delineated as factors of importance, as well as me-
tabolism and embryonic stage. The economic feasibili-
ty of using such systems is estimated.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Embryo, "Culture(Biology), "In
vitro analysis, "Environmental surveys, Feasibility, Ex-
posure, Metabolism, Economic analysis, Rats, Labora-
tory animals, Reprints, "Teratogenicity.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB85-104933	Not available NTIS
Toxicity of Flucythrinate to Gammarus lacustris
(Amphipoda), Pteronarcys dorsata (Plecoptera)
and Brachycentrus americanus (Trichoptera): Im-
portance of Exposure Duration. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
R. L. Anderson, and P. Shubat. C1984,15p EPA/600/
J-84/103
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Univ.-Superi-
or. Center for Lake Superior Environmental Studies.
Pub. in Environmental Pollution (Series A) 35, p353-
365 1984.
The effect of the synthetic pyrethroid flucythrinate on
three non-target invertebrates was evaluated using
continual and short-time exposure methods. Both
methods show toxic action at measured concentra-
tions 0.100 micrograms/litre. The use of both ap-
proaches pointed toward the importance of exposure
time in hazard assessment. Exposures for a short time
followed by an extended observation period in insecti-
cide-free water show that a lethal exposure can occur
in less time than estimated from continually exposed
animals. For example, continually exposed Gammarus
lacustris had a 72 h LC50 of 0.12 micrograms/litre.
However, exposure for only 17.6 h at 0.12 micro-
grams/litre will kill 50% of the exposed animals during
an extended observation time. The use of both ap-
proaches can also provide insights into minimum ex-
posure times for each test concentration, and the pos-
sibility of post-exposure mortality.
Keywords: "Toxicity, 'Hazardous materials, "Environ-
mental surveys, 'Water pollution, 'Pesticides, Expo-
sure, Mortality, Concentration(Composition), Laborato-
ry animals, Bioassays, Sampling, Reprints, 'Water pol-
lution effects(Animals).
PB85-104941/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pulmonary Function Testing In Small laboratory
Mammals. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.
J. J. O'Neil, and J. A. Raub. 1984,12p EPA/600/J-84/
112
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v56 p11 -
22 1984.
The lung is the primary organ likely to be exposed by
inhalation studies and, therefore, measurement of
changes in lung function are of particular interest to
the pulmonary physiologist and toxicologist. Tests of
pulmonary function have been developed which can
be used with small animals to measure spirometry
(lung volumes), mechanics, distribution of ventilation,
gas exchange or control of ventilation. These tests
were designed on the basis of similar tests which are
used in humans to diagnose and manage patients with
lung disease. A major difference is that many of the
measurements are performed in anesthetized animals,
while human pulmonary function is usually measured
in awake cooperating individuals. In addition, the
measurement of respiratory events in small animals re-
quires sensitive and rapidly responding equipment, be-
cause signals may be small and events can occur
quickly. In general, the measurements described pro-
vide information on the change in normal lung function
which results primarily from structural changes. These
tests of pulmonary function can be repetitively and rou-
tinely accomplished and the results appear to be
highly reproducible. Although some are quite sophisti-
cated, many can be undertaken with relatively inex-
pensive equipment and provide useful information for
toxicological testing.
Keywords: 'Respiratory system, Mammals, Laboratory
animals, Exposure, Respiration, Reprints, " Lung func-
tion tests.
PBS5-104958	Not available NTIS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Attenuation of Ground-Water Contaminant
Pulses. Journal article,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Civil Engi-
neering.
A. J. Valocchi, and P. V. Roberts. C1983,20p EPA/
600/J-83-266
Grant EPA-R-808851
Pub. in Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v109 n12
p1665-1682 1983.
Analytical solutions to the one-dimensional advection-
dispersion equation are presented for several cases
where the source concentration is either input continu-
ously at a periodically fluctuating level or input as a
single pulse of finite duration. The solute of interest
can undergo linear equilibrium adsorption. Both semi-
infinite and infinite flow domains are considered. The
solutions are utilized to quantify the degree to which
the traveling contaminant pulses are attenuated
(damped) as they migrate through an aquifer. The
degree of damping is shown to be related to two di-
mensionless parameters and this relationship is con-
veniently presented in graphical form. The analytical
results compare favorably with the behavior of trace
organic contaminant pulses observed during injection
of advanced-treated wastewater into a shallow, alluvial
aquifer in the Palo Alto Baylands.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Water pollution, Waste
water, Mathematical models, Organic compounds,
Damping, Aquifers, Trace elements, Dispersing, Ad-
vection, Reprints.
PB85-104966	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Graphical Analysis of the Interrelationships
among Waterborne Asbestos, Digestive System
Cancer and Population Density. Journal article,
California Univ., Berkeley.
M. E. Tarter, R. C. Cooper, and W. R. Freeman. c1983,
13p EPA/600/J-83/265
Contract EPA-68-03-3130, Grant PHS-CA-28142
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v53 p79-
891983.
Five statistical procedures were used to partial the cor-
relation between water-borne asbestos and digestive
site cancer for the putative effects of population densi-
ty. These include: analysis based on a data subset with
roughly homogeneous population density; standard re-
sidual analysis (partial correlation); conditional proba-
bility integral transformation; analysis based upon
ranked data and use of the logarithmic transformation.
Monparametric regression graphical techniques are
applied to examine the nature of shape of the asbes-
tos-cancer dose-response curve. Evidence is present-
ed which suggests that there is considerable differ-
ence between analyses involving non-high density
tracts and non-San Francisco tracts. Evidence is also
presented that the modal-type nonparametric regres-
sion curve forks or bifurcates when adjustment is
made for population density.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Malignant neoplasms, Interre-
lationships, Populations, Reprints, 'Cancer, Drinking
water.
PB85-104974	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
How Are the Physical and Chemical Properties of
Chrysotlle Asbestos Altered by a 10-Year Resi-
dence In Water and up to 5 Days In Simulated
Stomach Acid. Journal article,
Arizona Univ., Tucson. Dept. of Metallurgical Engineer-
ing.
K. Seshan. C1983,8p EPA/600/J-83/263
Grant EPA-R-807000
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v53 p143-
1481983.
While there are many studies concerning the ingestion
of chrysotile asbestos, there are a few studies con-
cerning how the chrysotile asbestos itself is altered by
the exposure to the acid stomach environment. It is
shown that the charge on the surface, the Zeta poten-
tial, is changed from positive to negative; that the sur-
face becomes silica-like, i.e., depleted of Mg-i- + ions;
that Mg+ + is lost from the fibers of asbestos upon
exposure to water and acid; that the loss of Mg+ + is
more rapid, the smaller the fiber diameter. Notable
among the physical properties, the loss of Mg + +
causes the refractive index to change. This means that
asbestos exposed to acids or water may not be detect-
able using the now popular dispersion staining tech-
niques which identify asbestos based on refractive
index. The physical property changes include the de-
struction of the 'gross' crystallinity of the fibers. The x-
ray diffraction signal from acid treated fibers disap-
pears. This means that x-ray diffraction cannot be
used to identify chrysotile which has been exposed to
acid.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, Gastric juice, Serpentine, Physi-
cal properties. Chemical properties, Reprints, Drinking
water.
PB85-105336/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Characterization of Emissions from the Combus-
tion of Wood and Alternative Fuels In a Residen-
tial Woodstove. Final rept. Feb 81-Mar 84,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. S. Truesdale, K. L. Mack, J. B. White, K. E. Leese
and J. G. Cleland. Sep 84,143p* RTI/1914-39-01F,
EPA/600/7-84/094
Contract EPA-68-02-3170
The report gives results of a comparison of emissions
from the combustion of alternative fuels to those from
wood in a residential woodstove, and of a study of the
effects of woodstove operating parameters on com-
bustion emissions. Overall, oak wood is the best fuel
tested, considering both emissions and stove oper-
ation. Compressed wood logs with binders and bitumi-
nous coal produce the highest emissions of S02, par-
ticulate, and NOx. Compressed wood logs without
binders and treated lumber produce the highest PAH
emissions. Important parameters affecting CO emis-
sion levels are fuel structure and. to a lesser degree,
combustion air flow. S02 emission levels are related
directly to fuel sulfur content. NOx emissions are con-
trolled by fuel nitrogen content and combustion air flow
rate. Organic emissions are affected by fuel consump-
tion rate, fuel structure, and the amount of air through
the stove. Total discharge severities for PAHs meas-
ured during this study indicate that PAHs are the pollut-
ants of highest concern in the flue gas effluent stream.
PAH formation is affected by combustion air flow, fire-
box temperature, and fuel structure. Bioassay results
indicate the presence of both mutagens and promuta-
gens in the organic extracts of flue gas samples from
both wood ana coal combustion tests.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Residential build-
ings, 'Wood, "Wood wastes, Stoves, Combustion
products, Sulfur dioxide, Particles, Nitrogen oxides,
Bioassays, Mutagens, Toxicity, Aromatic polycyclic hy-
drocarbons, Public health, 'Alternate fuels, 'Wood
burning furnaces.
PB85-105528/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA
Region X.
Water Quality Management Program for Puget
Sound. Part 3. Managing for Long-Term Cumula-
tive Effects.
Jones and Stokes Associates, Inc., Sacramento, CA.
Sep 84,172p EPA-910/9-83/106C
See also PB84-122266.
The final report of a three-part series on the water
quality of Puget Sound, this volume describes the tech-
nical work needed to provide environmental data to
regulatory agencies. It focuses on the issue on long-
term cumulative effects of pollution. The report out-
lines data that would allow EPA and the Washington
State Department of Ecology to improve current meth-
ods of decision making and gradually change to a
more comprehensive evaluation.
Keywords: "Water quality management, 'Puget
Sound, Environmental impacts, Monitoring, Ecology,
Bacteria, Viruses, Temperature, Salinity, Sediment
transport, Metals, pH, Dissolved gases, Oxygen, Pesti-
cides, Hydrocarbons, Fishes, Invertebrates
Washington(State), 'Path of pollutants, Organic load-
ing.
PB85-105880/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.- Cincinnati
OH.
Environmental Characterization of Disposal of
Waste Oils by Combustion In Small Commercial
Boilers,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
P. F. Fennelly, M, McCabe, J. M. Hall, M. F. Kozik. and
M. P. Hoyt. Sep 84,177p GCA/TR/83-72-G, EPA/
600/2-84/150
Contract EPA-68-02-3168
In this project, air emission tests were conducted on
seven boilers in the size range 0.4 to 15 x 10 to the 6th
power Btu/hr while these boilers were firing waste oil
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The main purpose of the project was to document the
extent to which chemical contaminants in waste oil are
destroyed during the combustion process. These data
are of interest because one of the more common and
widespread practices for disposing of waste oils is
burning as a supplemental fuel. Chemicals which were
spiked into the waste oil before combustion included',
chloroform, 1,1,1 -trichloroethane, trichloroethylene,
tetrachloroethylene, trichlorobenzene, 1 -chloron-
aphthalene, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, chlorotoluene.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Boilers, Lubricating oils,
Chloroform, Tetrachloroethylene, Combustion prod-
ucts, Chlorine organic compounds, "Liquid waste dis-
posal, 'Refuse derived fuels, 'Waste oil, Ethane/trich-
loro, Ethylene/trichloro, Benzene/trichloro, Naphtha-
lene/chloro, Phenol/trichloro, Toluene/chloro.
P885-106060/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Interim Procedures for Evaluating Air Quality
Models (Revised).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Sep 84,126p EPA/450/4-84/023
This document describes interim procedures for use in
accepting, for a specific regulatory application, a
model that is not recommended in the Guideline on Air
Quality Models. The procedure involves a technical
evaluation and a performance evaluation, utilizing
measured ambient data, of the proposed nonguideline
model. The primary basis for accepting the proposed
model is a demonstration that it performs better (better
agreement with measured data) that the guideline
model or the model that EPA would normally use in the
given situation. The acceptance procedure may also
consider the technical merits of the proposed model
and, especially in cases where an EPA recommended
model cannot be identified, the performance of the
model in comparison to a set of specially designed
performance standards. A major component of the
procedure is the development of a protocol which de-
scribes exactly how the performance evaluation will be
conducted and what the specific basis for accepting or
rejecting the proposed model will be.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, Per-
formance evaluation, Standards. Comparison, 'Air
quality, Procedures.
PB85-106102/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Engineering Aspects of Waterbome Outbreak In-
vestigation,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
E. C. Lippy. Oct 84,42p EPA/600/D-84/244
The subject material in this manuscript covers the en-
gineering aspects of waterborne outbreak investiga-
tion. Major areas included in this discussion are: eval-
uation of disinfection (concentration and contact time,
pH and temperature, interference); evaluation of the
water system itself (source of supply, treatment, distri-
bution network); sampling for the agent; and communi-
cation.
Keywords: Sampling, Communication, Disinfection,
'Waterborne diseases.
PB85-106177/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
City of Tampa Management Analysis and Report
System (MARS). Volume 1. Case Study. Rept. for
Jun 80-May 82,
Tampa Water Dept., FL.
D. L. Tippln, J. M. Swarens, E. Smith, G. Hanna, and J.
I. Gillean. Oct 84,135p EPA/600/2-84/158A
See also PB85-106185. Prepared in cooperation with
Tampa Sanitary Sewer Dept., FL. and ACT Systems,
Inc., Winter Park, FL.
This three-volume report describes the development
and implementation of a management analysis and
report system (MARS) in the Tampa, Florida, Water
and Sanitary Sewer Departments. Original system de-
velopment was based on research conducted in a
smaller water utility in Kenton County, Kentucky.
MARS will help both the Water and Sanitary Sewer De-
partments control costs and manage expanding serv-
ice requirements more effectively and efficiently.
Volume I documents the results of 2 years of activities
in adopting the MARS to a large water utility and to a
wastewater utility; Volume II contains operating in-
structions for the MARS programs; and Volume III, pri-
marily a system analyst's/programmer's guide, con-
tains the source code for all computer programs in
Tampa's MARS.
Keywords: 'Management information systems, 'Infor-
mation systems, Florida, Development, MARS, 'Man-
agement Analysis and Report System,
Tampa(Florida).
PB85-106185/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
City of Tamps Management Analysis and Report
System (MARS). Volume 2. Operations Manual.
Rept. for Jun 80-May 82,
Tampa Water Dept., FL.
D. L. Tippin, J. M. Swarens, E. Smith, G. Hanna, and J.
I. Gillean. Oct 84,134p EPA/600/2-84/158B
See also PB85-106177, and PB85-112241. Prepared
in cooperation with Tampa Sanitary Sewer Dept., FL.
and ACT Systems, Inc., Winter Park, FL.
This three-volume report describes the development
and implementation of a management analysis and
report system (MARS) in the Tampa, Florida, Water
and Sanitary Sewer Departments. Original system de-
velopment was based on research conducted in a
smaller water utility in Kenton County, Kentucky.
MARS will help both the Water and Sanitary Sewer De-
partments control costs and manage expanding serv-
ice requirements more effectively and efficiently.
Keywords: 'Management information systems, 'Infor-
mation systems, Florida, Development, 'Management
Analysis and Report System, Tampa(Florida), MARS.
PB85-106235/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Prediction of the Fates of Organic Chemicals In
Biological Treatment Process-An Overview,
IT Corp., Knoxville, TN.
J. W. Blackburn, W. L. Troxler, and G. S. Sayler. Sep
84, 50p EPA/600/D-84/238
Contracts EPA-68-03-3027, EPA-68-03-3074
Prepared in cooperation with Tennessee Univ., Knox-
ville. Dept. of Microbiology.
A program for prediction of organic chemical fates in
activated sludge processes has been implemented.
Bio-oxidation, stripping, and biomass adsorption fate
mechanisms were identified as major transport/con-
version mechanisms in the activated sludge process.
Each mechanism was studied separately and individ-
ual kinetic models were developed.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, 'Activated sludge
process, "Water pollution control. Biomass, Adsorp-
tion, Transport properties, Oxidation, Stripping, Per-
formance evaluation, Laboratory design, 'Biological
industrial waste treatment, Chemical reaction mecha-
nisms, Path of pollution.
PB85-106243/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Abiotic Hydrolysis of Sorbed Pesticides,
Colorado School of Mines, Golden.
D. L. Macalady, and N. L. Wolfe. Sep 84,32p EPA/
600/D-84/240
The hydrolysis of pesticides that are sorbed to steri-
lized natural sediments has been investigated in aque-
ous systems at acid, neutral and alkaline pH's. The re-
sults show that the rate constants of pH independent
('neutral') hydrolyses are the same within experimental
uncertainties as the corresponding rate constants for
dissolved aqueous phase pesticides. Base-catalyzed
rates, on the other hand, are substantially retarded by
sorption and acid-catalyzed rates are substantially en-
hanced. A large body of evidence will be presented
that substantiates these conclusions for a variety of
pesticide types sorbed to several well-characterized
sediments. The significance of the results for the eval-
uation of the effects of sorption on the degradation of
pesticides in waste treatment systems and natural
water bodies also will be discussed.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Hydrolysis, 'Sediments,
"Water pollution control, Sorption, Degradation, Indus-
trial waste treatment, Surface water, Catalysis, pH, Re-
action kinetics, Sampling, Path of pollutants.
PB85-106250/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Treatment of Aqueous Waste Streams from KRW
Energy Systems Coal Gasification Technology,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
S. L. Winton, G. C. Page, W. E. French, J. M. Evans,
and W. J. Rhodes. Sep 84,19p EPA/600/D-84/237
Contract EPA-68-02-3137
Prepared in cooperation with Department of Energy,
Morgantown, WV. Morgantown Energy Technology
Center, and Gas Research Inst., Chicago, IL.
The paper gives results of a bench-scale evaluation to
determine the extent to which process wastewaters
from the KRW Energy Systems coal gasification proc-
ess are treatable using commercially proven
wastewater treatment technology. (NOTE: The proc-
ess-formerly called the Westinghouse gasification
process-is representative of ash agglomerating fluid-
ized-bed coal gasification technology which has devel-
oped to the point where commercial-scale systems are
now being planned and which has been the subject of
extensive environmental, health, and safety evalua-
tions.) The program was conducted in cooperation
with KRW which provided wastewater samples, proc-
ess information, and technical review. The treatment
processes considered in this evaluation were sus-
pended solids removal, steam stripping, cyanide con-
version, and biological oxidation. A design basis for
each treatment was developed from the bench-scale
data and incorporated into a conceptual plant
wastewater treatment system design. The treatability
data presented show that gasification process
wastewaters can be effectively treated using conven-
tional treatment technologies.
Keywords: "Coal gasification, "Water pollution control,
"Fluidized bed processors, Oxidation, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, Agglomeration, Sampling, In-
dustrial waste treatment.
PB85-106268	Not available NTIS
Tissue Slices In the Study of Lung Metabolism
and Toxicology. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
B. A. Freeman, and J. J. O'Neil. c1984,12p EPA/600/
J-84/111
Prepared in cooperation with Duke Univ. Medical
Center, Durham, NC.
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v56 p51-
60 1984.
Lung tissue slices are model systems for the study of
pulmonary metabolism. Because of the spaed'and
simplicity of slice preparation, lung slices have been
used in studies of oxygen, amino acid, carbohydrate
and lipid utilization and adenine nucleotide metabo-
lism. Dose-response characteristics for toxicants are
readily described because multiple lung samples can
be studied from the same animal or a population of ani-
mals. Lung slices prepared from animals exposed to
oxidant air pollutants exhibit alterations in respiration,
glucose consumption and lipid metabolism. These
studies have indicated both direct toxic effects of air
pollutants on enzyme systems and also air pollutant-
induced changes in the cellularity of lungs.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Models, Lung, Metabolism,
Tissues(Biology), Dosage, Responses, Respiratory
system, Reprints.
PB85-106318/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Acute Toxicity of Selected Substituted Phenols,
Benzenes and Benzoic Acid Esters to Fathead
Minnows 'Pimsphales promelas'. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
G. W. Holcombe, G. L. Phipps, M. L. Knuth, andT.
Felhaber. 1984,17pEPA/600/J-84/106
Pub. in Environmental Pollution, Series A, v35 p367-
381 1984.
Flow-through acute toxicity tests were conducted with
24 organic compounds using fathead minnows Pime-
phales promelas as test organisms. The tested toxi-
cants consisted of 11 substituted phenols, four substi-
tuted benzenes and nine esters. The 96-h LC50 values
determined for these compounds when tested against
fathead minnows ranged from 0.135 mg litre-1 for non-
ylphenol to 117 mg litre-1 for nitrobenzene. Adverse
sublethal effects were observed in fathead minnows at
exposure concentrations below the 96-h LC50 value
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
with 14 of the 24 compounds tested. Acute toxicity
tests were also conducted with 2,3,4,5-tetrachloro-
phenol using rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri; with 1,4-
dinitrobenzene, 2-ethoxyethylacetate, ethyl salicylate
and phenyl salicylate using both channel catfish Icta-
lurus punctatus and snails Aplexa hypnorum; and with
4-nitrophenol using channel catfish.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Phenols, "Benzenes, 'Ben-
zoic acid, Esters, Reprints, Fathead minnows, Pime-
phales promelas.
PB85-106326/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Structure and Function of Copper-Stressed
Aquatic Microcosms. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Monticello, MN.
Monticello Ecological Research Station.
S. F. Hedtke. 1984, 20p EPA/600/J-84/107
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology 5, p227-244 1984.
Laboratory aquatic microcosms were established
using natural pond sediment and the organisms con-
tained therein. After a 30-day development time, mi-
crocosms were exposed on a flow-through basis to six
concentrations of copper with six replicates of each
concentration. Measures of energy fixation, material
cycling, and biological structure were measured peri-
odically over a 32-wk period. Exposure to copper at 9.3
microgram/l and higher resulted in a change in the
structure and function of the test systems while 4.0 mi-
crogram/l did not cause an effect relative to controls.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Copper, "Aquatic biology,
"Water pollution, Test facilities, Sediments, Carbon,
Organic compounds, Exposure, Photosynthesis, Res-
piration,	Decomposition,	Adaptation,
Tolerances(Physiology), Invertebrates, Insects, Zoo-
plankton, Algae, Analysis of variance, Primary biologi-
cal productivity, Reprints, "Microcosms.
PB85-106342	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Effects on Saltwater Organisms,
California State Univ., Long Beach.
D. J. Reish, P. S. Oshida, F. G. Wilkes, A. J. Mearns,
and T. C. Ginn. C1984,19p EPA/600/J-84/108
Prepared in cooperation with National Oceanic and At-
mospheric Administration, Seattle, WA. and Tetra
Tech, Inc., Bellvue, WA.
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Pollution Control Federation 56,
n6 P758-774 1984.
The literature review summarizes current data on the
effects of pesticides and metals on marine organisms,
aquatic environmental research methods, bioaccumu-
lation of pollutants by estuarine and marine organisms
and in water/sediment residues and biota. Results of
studies of the environmental effects of dredging,
dumping, wastewater sludge and complete effluents
are reported. The occurrence of diseases and tissue
abnormalities in fish is discussed, as well as research
related to marine oil pollution.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Metals, "Marine organisms,
Occurrence, Reprints, Reviews, Environmental ef-
fects, Bioaccumulation, "Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB85-106383/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Estimating PM10 and FP (Fine Particulate) Back-
ground Concentrations from TSP (Total Suspend-
ed Particulate) and Other Measurements.
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Golden, CO.
Aug 84, 77p EPA/450/4-84/021
Contract EPA-68-02-3512
This document has been developed in response to the
recognition that there may be a number of States revis-
ing their State Implementation Plans (SIP) for Particu-
late Matter (PM) following the recently proposed revi-
sion to the National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(NAAQS) for PM(10). State and local agencies need a
method of estimating background for size-fractioned
particulate as part of SIP development for PM(10) and
Fine Particulate (FP). The method for estimating back-
ground concentration that is specified in Section
51.13c of Federal regulations uses a concentration
measured at a nonurban site in or near the analysis
area that is unaffected by near emission sources. This
document provides information on how to estimate a
230 Vol. 90, No. 24
PM(10) background value from other measurements
when PM(10) monitoring data are not available.
Keywords: "Particles, "Fines, *Air pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Sites, Regulations, Sam-
pling, Tables(Data), Urban areas, Substitutes, Visibility,
Transport properties, "Air pollution sampling, State im-
plementation plans, Total suspended particulates, Di-
chotomous samplers.
PB85-106474/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from
Sources of Chromium.
Radian Corp., Durham, NC.
Jul 84, 237p EPA/450/4-84/007G
See also PB84-210988.
To assist groups interested in inventorying air emis-
sions of various potentially toxic substances, EPA is
preparing a series of documents such as this to com-
pile available information on sources and emissions of
these substances. This document deals specifically
with chromium. Its intended audience includes Feder-
al, State and local air pollution personnel and others
interested in locating potential emitters of chromium
and in making gross estimates of air emissions there-
from. This document presents information on (1) the
types of sources that may emit chromium, (2) process
variations and release points that may be expected
within these sources, and (3) available emissions infor-
mation indicating the potential for chromium release
into the air from each operation.
Keywords: "Chromium, "Air pollution, Sources, State
government, National government, Metal industry, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, "Toxic sub-
stances.
PB85-106664	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Power Plant Influences on Bulk Precipitation,
Throughfall, and Stemflow Nutrient Inputs. Journal
article,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
J. M. Kelly. C1984,9p EPA/600/J-84/119
Prepared in cooperation with Tennessee Valley Au-
thority, Knoxville.
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality, v13 n3 p405-409
1984.
Inputs of S04(-2), total N, P04(-3), K, Ca, and Mg via
bulk precipitation, throughfall and stemflow have been
investigated over a 3-year period at two forest study
sites on the Cumberland Plateau of Tennessee. The
Cross Creek Watershed located 19 km from the
Widows Creek coal-fired power plant was used to rep-
resent inputs to a forest site in the immediate vicinity of
a large emissions source. The Camp Branch Water-
shed having similar forest cover and soil types, but lo-
cated in an area 99 and 76 km from the nearest major
point sources, was used to represent inputs as a func-
tion of regional conditions. Location exhibited its great-
est influence on stemflow inputs, with only P04(-3)
and K failing to exhibit a statistically significant
(P=0.05) increase in stemflow input at Cross Creek
relative to Camp Branch. Based on this evaluation
most atmospheric contributions to bulk precipitation,
throughfall, and stemflow elemental inputs appear to
be of regional rather than local origin.
Keywords: 'Precipitation(Meteorology), "Nutrients,
"Air pollution, "Forestry, Sulfates, Nitrogen, Electric
power plants, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, Mag-
nesium, Sampling, Concentration(Composition), Sta-
tistical analysis, Periodic variations, Tennessee.
PB85-106672/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Basic Epidemiologic Considerations for Evaluat-
ing Associations between the Disinfection of
Drinking Water and Cancer in Human Populations,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
G. F. Craun. Oct 84,27p EPA/600/D-84/250
This discussion concerns the basic epidemiologic con-
siderations for evaluating studies which have reported
associations between the disinfection of drinking water
and cancer in human population. Recent epidemiolog-
ic studies are reviewed and evaluated according to
these principals and concepts.
Keywords: "Epidemiology, "Chlorination, "Water
supply, Evaluation, Malignant neoplasms, Humans,
Exposure, Comparison, Disinfection, "Drinking water.
Case studies.
PB85-106680/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Overview of Epidemiologic Studies on the Asso-
ciation of Hard and Soft Water with Cardiovascu-
lar Disease,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
G. F. Craun. Oct 84,10p EPA/600/D-84/249
Recent epidemiologic studies associating hard and
soft water with cardiovascular disease are reviewed in
the report.
Keywords: "Epidemiology, "Water supply, Evaluation,
Cardiovascular diseases, Humans, Mortality, Water
treatment, Sodium, Exposure, Carbonates
"Hardness(Water), "Drinking water, Case studies.
PB85-106698/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Diurnal and Seasonal Patterns of Temperature
and Wind Flow In the Planetary Boundary Layer
for Ten Locations in Complex Terrain,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
L. E. Truppi. Oct 84,15p EPA/600/D-84/248
In support of the Complex Terrain Model Development
program, climatological summaries in the form of verti-
cal profiles of wind and temperature were produced
from a special computer file of radiosonde data cre-
ated from twice daily observations recorded at ten Na-
tional Weather Service stations located in the Rocky
Mountain and Great Basin regions of the United
States. Seasonal and diurnal patterns were presented
showing terrain influence at each radiosonde location
characteristic of early morning and late afternoon con-
ditions. Although cllmatalogical patterns were related
to the particular valley-ridge topography of the radio-
sonde site, terrain influence can be estimated at
nearby site where data are required for studies of the
planetary boundary layer, as in atmospheric dispersion
modeling.
Keywords: "Wind(Meteorology), "Atmospheric tem-
perature, "Weather, "Rocky Mountains, Terrain, Ra-
diosondes, Atmospheric sounding, Diurnal variations,
Profiles, Seasonal variations, Air pollution, Dispersing,
"Planetary boundary layer.
PB85-106706/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Fluid Modeling of Blocking and Upstream Influ-
ences of Stable Flow Over Two-Dlmenslonal Hills,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
R. S. Thompson, and W. H. Snyder. Oct 04,14p EPA/
600/D-84/247
Evidence of upstream influences observed in towing-
tank experiments of stable flow over two-dimensional
hills is presented. The influences take the forms of
blocked fluid and columnar disturbance modes. Two
hill shapes were used and the start-up method and
depth of linear stratification were varied.
Keywords: "Fluid flow, "Hills, 'Water pollution, Dis-
persing, Model tests, Two dimensional flow, Mathe-
matical models, Tanks(Containers), Dyes,
Density(Mass/Volume).
PB85-106714/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.- Cincinnati
OH.
Stripping of Organic Chemicals In Biological
Treatment Processes,
IT Corp., Knoxville, TN.
K. N. Truong, and J. W. Blackburn. Sep 84, 39p EPA/
600/D-84/239
Contracts EPA-68-03-3027, EPA-68-03-3074
An approach was developed in order to measure, then
predict the fates of organic chemicals in biological
processes. This approach is called stripping predictive
fate method (PFM). The method offers a simpler ap-
proach for estimating stripping rates from pure water
and wastewater.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, 'Water pollution
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ment, Reaction kinetics, Sampling, 'Biological industri-
al waste treatment.
PB85-106722/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Design and Application of a Spray Rinsing System
for Recycle of Process Waters,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
M. L. Apel, P. S. Fair, and J. P. Adams. Oct 84,18p
EPA/600/D-84/246
Prepared in cooperation with National Cash Register
Corp., Cambridge, OH.
This research demonstrates the effectiveness of an in-
novative application of a multiple spray rinsing system
in an electroplating process. A joint study was con-
ducted by NCR and the U.S. EPA at NCR's printed cir-
cuit board facility in Cambridge, Ohio. Engineering
evaluations were performed to assess and compare
the water usage requirement, chemical needs, materi-
al recycle capabilities, and the effluent treatment and
disposal requirements of the spray rinse system to
those of the Napco shuttle dip rinse system previously
used. An economic analysis was also performed to de-
termine the annual differential costs of the old and new
rinse systems with respect to reductions in water and
sewer, chemical, effluent treatment, and sludge dis-
posal costs. The results of this study indicated tnat uti-
lization of the spray rinsing system in place of the pre-
viously used dip rinsing operation reduced operating
costs without sacrificing rinse efficiency. Water usage
was decreased by approximately 90 percent and 94
percent of the nickel metal was recovered and re-
turned to the plating bath. A substantial savings in
treatment and disposal costs was also realized
through the isolation and concentration of the nickel
metal and subsequent reduction in sludge volume of
hazardous materials. Joint participation in this re-
search effort has proven to be successful for govern-
ment and industry's quest for a better environment
while producing substantial cost savings.
Keywords: 'Electroplating, 'Hazardous materials,
•Spraying, 'Water pollution control, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, Assessments, Comparison,
Sludge disposal, Economic analysis, Operating costs,
Metal finishing, 'Waste water reuse.
PB85-106730	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Soil-Mediated Effects of Atmospherically Deposit-
ed Sulfur and Nitrogen. Journal article,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
D. W. Jonnson, and J. 0. Reuss. c1984,12p EPA/
600/J-84/120
Prepared in cooperation with Colorado State Univ.,
Fort Collins. Dept. of Agronomy.
Pub. in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Socie-
ty of London B305, P383-392 1984.
The soil mediates both terrestrial and aquatic effects
of sulphur and nitrogen deposition in a number of
ways. Atmospherically deposited S in excess of biolog-
ical requirements often accumulates by S04(-2) ad-
sorption onto Fe and Al oxides in highly weathered
soils, causing the release of 0H(-1), which can neutral-
ize incoming H +, or an increase in cation exchange
capacity. Atmospherically deposited N seldom ex-
ceeds biological requirements; when it does N03(-1) is
rapidly leacned since no adsorption reactions analo-
gous to those for sulphate exist. When the biological
and adsorption capacities are exceeded, cation leach-
ing is accelerated by the mobile S04(-2) or N03(-1)
anions. The effects of this increased cation leaching
must be assessed within the context of natural proc-
esses of cation removal such as leaching by Internally
produced carbonic, organic or (occasionally) nitric
acid; natural atmospheric S inputs; and cation export
by vegetation harvest. The proportion of individual ca-
tions available for leaching is regulated by soil ex-
change processes and biologicaf demand, both of
which tend to minimize the losses of those particular
cations most tightly bound and, or, in shortest supply.
The ultimate effects of atmospheric S and N deposi-
tion will be highly site-specific in nature, depending on
both inherent site characteristics and amounts and du-
ration of atmospheric inputs. Thus, benefits of S or N
deposition may outweigh negative effects in some
sites, whereas the reverse may be true for other sites,
making broad, global generalizations hazardous.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Soils, 'Water pollution,
•Sulfur, 'Nitrogen, Air water interactions, Transport
properties, Leaching, Plants(Botany), Ecology, Nutri-
ents, Adsorption, Acidification, Sites, Cations, Anions,
Reprints, 'Acid rain, Air pollution effects(Plants).
PB85-106748/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Design and Field Demonstration of a Low-NOx
Burner for TEOR (Thermally Enhanced Oil Recov-
ery) Steamers,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
G. C. England, Y. Kwan, R. Payne, and M. Osborne.
Oct 84,26p EPA/600/D-84/245
Contract EPA-68-02-3692
The paper discusses a program that addresses the
need for advanced NOx control technology for ther-
mally enhanced oil recovery (TEOR) steam genera-
tors. A full-scale (60 million Btu/hr) burner system has
been developed and tested, the concept for which was
based on fundamental studies. Test results are includ-
ed for full-scale burner performance in an experimen-
tal test furnace, and in a field-operating steam genera-
tor which was subsequently retrofitted in a Kern
County, California, oilfield. (NOTE: NOx control tech-
niques including low-NOx burners, postflame NH3 in-
jection, or other postflame treatment methods-e.g.,
selective catalytic reduction-have been considered in
order to comply with regulations. The level of NOx con-
trol required to meet both growth and air quality goals
has typically been difficult to achieve with available
technology while maintaining acceptable CO and par-
ticulate emissions as well as practical flame conditions
within the steamer.)
Keywords: "Burners, 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Oil recovery,
"Boilers, "Air pollution control, Design criteria, Field
tests, Performance evaluation, Particles, Crude oil, Bi-
tuminous sands, Sulfur oxides, 'Enhanced recovery.
PB85-106755/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Impact of Aerosols on Visibility and Climate: A
Report Prepared for Panel 3, Environmental
Impact, of the NATO/CCMS (North Atlantic Treaty
Organization/Committee on the Challenges of
Modern Society) Air Pollution Pilot Study on Con-
trol Strategies and Impact Modeling. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
T. B. Inge, P. von Ward, and F. V. Bradow. Sep 84,57p
EPA/600/D-84/242
Prepared in cooperation with Delphi Research Associ-
ates, Inc., Washington, DC.
This is the U.S. contribution to a report being prepared
by Panel 3, Environmental Impact, of The Air Pollution
Pilot Study on Control Strategies and Impact Modeling,
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Socie-
ty. It is a representative collection of recent research
findings and key data on aerosol impact on visibility
and climate in the United States. The report empha-
sizes sulfate and elemental carbon; minor contributors
are mentioned only briefly. Sections on impact of visi-
bility and impact on climate include many illustrations
of secular trend data. A brief section on economic ef-
fects addresses potential impact, especially in terms of
agricultural effects.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, 'Visibility, 'Environmental im-
pacts, 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, 'Climate,
Sulfates, Carbon, Economic impact,
Concentration(Composition), United States, Ozone,
'Air quality.
PB8S-106763	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Frequency Distributions for Durations and Vol-
umes of Rainfall* in the Eastern United States in
Relation to Addle Precipitation. Journal article,
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
L. S. Evans, G. S. Raynor, and D. M. A. Jones. c1984,
10p EPA/600/J-84/122
Pub. in Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, v23 p187-195
1984.
A significant percentage (between 17 and 40%) of all
showers recorded on Long Island, NY, Urbana, IL,
Franklin, NC, and Seaside Park, NJ, had durations less
than 20 min. Similarly, a large percentage had dura-
tions less than 40 min (50, 46, and 32% for 3 yr at
Urbana, IL, 65% at Coral Gables, FL, 50% at Franklin,
NC, and 54% at Seaside Park, NJ). When all data from
the six growing seasons were pooled, over 88% of all
rainfalls were less than 160 min. Similar results were
observed when volume measurements were made.
Between 38 and 57% of all recorded showers had less
than 1 mm at all five stations in the eastern United
States. When all data were pooled, over 65% of all
rainfalls were less than 3 mm. These data demonstrate
that plant foliage is wetted during the growing season
by numerous snowers which are of short duration and
low volume. (Copyright (c) 1984 by D. Reidel Publish-
ing Company.)
Keywords: 'Acidity, * Precipitation(Meteorology),
'Rainfall, Monitoring, Volume, Frequency distribution,
Plant growth. Seasonal variations, Comparison,
Tabies(Data), Time, Injuries, "Foreign technology.
"Acid precipitation, Eastern Region(United States).
PB85-106771	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Ecological Alterations of Iowa Pralrie-Agrlcuttural
Streams. Journal article,
Iowa Agricultural and Home Economics Experiment
Station, Ames.
B. W. Menzel, J. B. Barnum, and L. M. Antosch. C1984,
28p J-11018, EPA/600/J-84/121
Grant EPA-R-807122
Pub. in Iowa State Jnl. of Research, v59 n1 p5-30 Aug
84.
Water quality, habitat structure, and macroinvertebrate
and fish communities were surveyed in 1979-1980 in
ten headwater streams of the Cedar River basin. All
streams are affected by moderate to intensive agricul-
tural land use in their watersheds, and the purpose of
the study was to describe stream ecological changes
caused by this influence. Most streams carried heavy
sediment and nutrient loads, had fine-particulate sub-
strates, were extensively channelized, had a wide
range in daily flows, and were largely devoid of in-
stream vegetation. Water quality was highest and habi-
tat structure was most complex in a woodland stream,
and a pattern of environmental differences was meas-
ured among the nine prairie streams. Ten fish species,
mainly minnows, were identified as fish community do-
minants in all streams.
Keywords: "Invertebrates, "Ecology, "Water pollution,
'Cedar River Basin, 'Channel improvements, Surveys,
Sediments, Fishes, Crayfishes, Minnows, Land use,
Substrates, Classifications, Iowa, Tables(Data), Re-
prints, 'Habitats.
PB85-106789	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Acid Rain on Water Supplies in the
Northeast. Journal article,
New England Water Works Association, Dedham, MA.
F. B. Taylor, and G. E. Symons. C1984,8p EPA/600/J-
84/123
Pub. in Jnl. of the American Water Works Association,
p34-41 1984.
Results of the first study concerning the impact of acid
precipitation on drinking water are reported in terms of
health effects in humans as measured by the U.S. En-
vironmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant
levels. The study focused on sampling surface water
and groundwater supplies in the New England states
but also included other sites in the Northeast and the
Appalachians. No adverse effects on human health
were demonstrated, although the highly corrosive
nature of New England waters may be at least partly
attributable to acidic deposition in poorly buffered wa-
tersheds and aquifers.
Keywords: "Acidity, "Water supply, "Air pollution, Sur-
face waters, Ground water, Sampling, Metals, Calcium
carbonates, pH, Alkalinity, Inorganic nitrates, Water
quality, Surveys, Reprints, "Acid precipitation, Drinking
water, New England, Northeastern Region(United
States), Appalachian Region(United States).
PB85-106797/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Closed Cycle Textile Dyeing: Extended Evaluation
of Full-Scale Hyperflltration Demonstration. Final
rept. Sep 82-Oct 83,
La France Industries, SC.
C. A. Brandon. Sep 84,57p EPA/600/2-84/147
See also PB83-193219. Prepared in cooperation with
Carre, Inc., Seneca, SC.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The report describes the hyperfiltration (HF) system,
gives data from several chemical recycle tests, and
discusses HF as a dye recovery technique. The config-
uration of the HF system is set aside for possible future
use when economic and regulatory requirements
change. In this off-line configuration, privately funded
studies of reuse and membrane performance are con-
tinuing. HF is a membrane separation technique that
has been used successfully to desalinate natural
water. Because energy, process chemicals, and water
are discharged from industrial processes in large
quantities, recycle has been studied in a series of gov-
ernment sponsored research projects. Research re-
sults led to the current project of joining a full-scale HF
system (with operating dye range) to an integrated pro-
duction unit. The dye range is a multipurpose unit with
a variety of effluents from the preparation and dyeing
of a variety of textile fabrics. High temperature mem-
branes of hydrous zirconium oxide and polyacrylic acid
dynamically formed on porous, sintered, stainless-
steel tubular supports were installed as a demonstra-
tion unit. Over 2 million m of fabric was produced with
recycled water. Two 4000-m lots of fabric were pro-
duced with the recycled chemical concentrate. The
demonstration project was extended to further study
and develop the recycle of the chemical concentrate.
Keywords: 'Textile industry, "Dyeing, "Materials re-
covery, Membranes, Industrial wastes, Recirculation,
Water pollution control, Performance evaluation, Pilot
plants, Design criteria, Feasibility, "Hyperfiltration,
"Waste recycling, Liquid wastes, Energy conservation.
PB85-106896/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Technology Assessment of Wetlands tor Munici-
pal Wastewater Treatment. Final rept.,
Waste and Water International, Emeryville, CA.
H. C. Hyde, R. S. Ross, and F. Demgen. Sep 84,111 p*
EPA/600/2-84/154
Contract EPA-68-03-3016
Prepared in cooperation with Demgen Aquatic Biology,
Vallejo, CA.
The innovative and alternative technology provisions
of the Clean Water Act of 1977 (PL 95-217) provide fi-
nancial incentives to communities that use wastewater
treatment alternatives to reduce costs or energy con-
sumption over conventional systems. Some of these
technologies have been only recently developed and
are not in widespread use in the United States. In an
effort to increase awareness of the potential benefits
of such alternatives and to encourage their implemen-
tation where applicable, the Municipal Environmental
Research Laboratory has initiated this series of
Emerging Technology Assessment reports. This docu-
ment discusses the applicability and technical and
economic feasibility of using natural and artificial wet-
land systems for municipal wastewater treatment fa-
cilities.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Municipalities, Feasi-
bility, Marshes, Ponds, Swamps, Economic factors,
Fresh water, Brackish water, Flow charts, Evapotran-
spiration, Aquatic plants, Percolation, Soil properties,
Bacteria, Algae, Microorganisms, Cost effectiveness,
Design criteria, Tables(Data), "Wetlands, "Artifical
wetlands.
PB85-106920/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Nationwide urban Runoff Program, Kansas City
Area Project: Executive and Technical Summa-
ries. Final rept. 1979-83.
Mid-America Regional Council, Kansas City, MO.
Jan 83, 23p
Grant EPA-P-007062-01
See also PB85-106938. Prepared in cooperation with
Browne (F. X.) Associates, Inc., Lansdale, PA.
This project was designed to permit refining nonpoint
source pollutant loading estimates contained in the
Areawide Water Quality Management Plan. The
project included the City of Independence and the
Johnson County Unified Wastewater Districts, and ad-
dressed specific local concerns regarding urban runoff
problems. The findings summarized in this document
are presented in the following categories: General
nature of urban runoff pollutants; relationships be-
tween specific land use type and nonpoint source pol-
lutant generation; pollutant loadings from larger, mixed
land use watersheds; application of NURP results to
232 Vol. 90, No. 24
MARC 208 Plan and MARC Model Grading and Sedi-
ment Control Ordinance; local impacts of urban runoff;
watershed management principles and methods to
reduce nonpoint source pollutants.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Water pollution, "Urban areas,
Stream flow, Rainfall, Snowmelt, Sediments, Land use,
Ordinances, Environmental impacts, Bacteria, Metals,
Organic compounds, "Storm water runoff, Nonpoint
sources, Independence(Missouri), Organic loading,
Johnson County(Missouri).
PB8S-106938/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, Kansas City
Area Project: Technical Report. Final rept. 1980-83.
Mid-America Regional Council, Kansas City, MO.
Jan 83,242p
Grant EPA-P-007062-01
See also PB85-106920. Prepared in cooperation with
Browne (F. X.) Associates, Inc., Lansdale, PA.
This document reports the results of the MARC Na-
tionwide Urban Runoff Program study, which was de-
signed to provide the following information: The nature
of the urban runoff problems in the study area; the se-
verity of these problems; the causes of these prob-
lems; and the opportunities for controlling urban runoff
problems.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Water pollution, "Urban areas,
Land use, Rainfall, Snowmelt, Monitoring,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Stream flow, Phosphorus,
Inorganic nitrates, Oxygen, Dissolved gases, Metals,
Organic compounds, Ammonia, Coliform bacteria, In-
dicator species, Tables(Data), Missouri, "Storm water
runoff, Independence(Missouri), Johnson
County(Missouri), Organic loading.
PB85-107035/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
Urban Effects on Water Quality and Quantity: Pro-
ceedings of Conference Held at Urbana, Illinois
on October 20 and 21,1983,
Illinois Dept. of Energy and Natural Resources, Spring-
field.
W. Blake-Coleman. May 84,371 p ILENR/RE-84/06
Sponsored in part by Illinois State Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Springfield. Div. of Water Pollution
Control, Illinois State Water Survey Div., Champaign,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Water Resources
Center, and Environmental Protection Agency, Wash-
ington, DC.Color illustrations reproduced in black and
white.
The conference 'Urban Effects on Water Quality and
Quantity' was held in Urbana, Illinois, on October 20
and 21,1983. The primary technical areas contained in
the proceedings are: nationwide urban runoff program-
regional summaries; modeling and quantity issues;
technical and legal aspects of combined sewer over-
flows and their regulation; and urban effects on stream
and lake sediments.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Water pollution, "Urban areas,
"Meetings, Combined sewers, Waste water, Rainfall,
Drainage, Catch basins, Water storage, Water treat-
ment, Streams, Lakes, Watersheds, Storm sewers,
Flooding, Land use, "Storm water runoff, "Urban hy-
drology.
PB85-107126/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Oregon Onsite Experimental Systems Program.
Final rept. Nov 78-May 82,
Oregon State Dept. of Environmental Quality, Port-
land.
M. P. Ronayne, R. C. Paeth, and S. A. Wilson. Oct 84,
261p* EPA/600/2-84/157
Grant EPA-S-806349
This study was initiated to develop useful design and
performance data on alternative onsite wastewater
treatment and disposal systems which would permit
the use of non-sewered technological solutions to resi-
dents of rural and suburban areas of the State of
Oregon and the rest of the United States.
Keywords: "Sewage disposal, "Sewage treatment,
"Rural areas, Sand filters, Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, Operations, Maintenance, Circula-
tion, Gravel, Septic tanks, Water table, Drainage,
Sands, Seepage, Adsorption, Evapotranspiration,
Pressure distribution, "Mound systems, "Composting
toilets.
PB85-107175/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor. Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Heavy-Duty Engine Exhaust Particulate Trap Eval-
uation. Final rept. 25 Jul 83-25 Jul 84,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
C. M. Urban. Sep 84,88p EPA/460/3-84/008
Contract EPA-68-03-3162
This report describes a laboratory effort to evaluate
several aspects of the use of exhaust particulate traps
with heavy-duty diesel engines. The effort involved:
monitoring exhaust temperatures in heavy-duty vehi-
cles operating on a chassis dynamometer; design and
evaluation of a particulate trap bypass system; regen-
eration of particulate traps; and exhaust emissions
evaluations of a heavy-duty diesel engine, with and
without exhaust particulate traps.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Exhaust
emissions, "Particles, "Traps, Performance evalua-
tion, Design criteria, "Diesel engine exhaust, "Heavy
duty vehicles.
PB85-107209/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Field Validation of Exposure Assessment Models.
Volume 1. Data,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
J. C. Doran, O. B. Abbey, J. W. Buck, D. W. Glover, and
T. W. Horst. Oct 84,177p EPA/600/3-84/092A
See also PB85-107217.
This is the first of two volumes describing work done to
evaluate the PAL-DS model, a Gaussian diffusion code
modified to account for dry deposition and settling.
This first volume describee the experimental tech-
niques employed to dispense, collect, and measure
depositing (zinc sulfide) and nondepositing (sulfur hex-
afluoride) tracers. The measured concentrations of the
tracers form a data set by which the PAL-DS model
may be tested. These concentrations are given in tab-
ular and graphic form for five downwind distances from
the release point, ranging from 100 to 3200 m, and as
a function of azimuthal angle. Measurements of wind
speed, direction and temperature at seven heights
from 1 to 61 m were taken during the tracer releases.
These data are also included, along with evaluations of
several parameters describing the turbulence charac-
teristics. A discussion of particle size distributions of
the depositing tracer is given, and the calibration and
quality assurance procedures used for sample analysis
are described. Two chlorocarbon tracers were also
used in the tracer releases, but with little success. The
first volume concludes with a discussion of the prob-
lems encountered with these tracers and some recom-
mendations for possible solutions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models,
Concentration(Composition), Particle size distribu-
tions, Exposure, Assessments, Field tests, Sulfur hex-
afluoride, Zinc sulfides, 'Gaussian plume models,
"Tracer studies, Dry deposition.
PB85-107217/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Field Validation of Exposure Assessment Model*.
Volume 2. Analysis,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
J. C. Doran. and T. W. Horst. Oct 84, 54p EPA/600/3-
84/092B
See also PB85-107209.
This is the second of two volumes describing a series
of dual tracer experiments designed to evaluate the
PAL-DS model, a Gaussian diffusion model modified to
take into account settling and deposition, as well as
three other deposition models. In this volume, an anal-
ysis of the data summarized in Volume 1 is given. The
four models are described, and an evaluation of the
performance of each is given. The evaluation is based
on an analysis of C sub d/C sub o. the ratio of the
crosswind-integrated concentrations of a depositing
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.5 m. The PAL-DS model is found to overestimate this
ratio; a corrected source depletion model appears to
give significantly better results. A novel method of de-
termining the effective deposition velocity of the de-
positing tracer, based on a surface depletion ap-
proach, is described. A discussion of model sensitivi-
ties, experimental design, and the effects of measure-
ment errors on the model evaluation is also given. Ex-
perimental uncertainties may well affect the perform-
ances of the models, but it is doubtful that their relative
performances would be significantly changed. Errors
in describing the diffusion meteorology are likely to be
more important in predicting depleted concentrations
than errors introduced by the choice of a particular
deposition model, which are apt to be more systemat-
ic.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, Field
tests, Exposure, Assessments, Performance evalua-
tion, Concentration(Composition), Design criteria. Ex-
perimental design, "Gaussian plume models, 'Tracer
studies.
PB85-107274/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab-Cincinnati,
OH. Industrial Pollution Control Div.
Field Manual - Performance Evaluation and Trou-
bleshooting at Metal-Finiihing Wastewater Treat-
ment Facilities. Final rept.,
Engineering-Science, Inc., Atlanta, GA.
T. N. Sargent, G. C. Patrick, and E. H. Snider. Sep 84,
283p* EPA/600/2-84/152
Contract EPA-68-03-3040
This manual provides a technical field guide or refer-
ence document for use in improving the performance
of facilities for the treatment of metal finishing wastes.
The main purpose of the manual is to provide a trou-
bleshooting guide for identifying problems, analyzing
problems, and solving problems. The manual de-
scribes general procedures for evaluating the perform-
ance of treatment processes and equipment common-
ly used in metal finishing waste treatment. The proce-
dures also cover other items related to the effective
operation of treatment facilities. The methodology
used to evaluate compliance problems and develop
Operation and Maintenance specifics are described in
a review of the literature, followed by an assessment of
the causes of permit violations and the recommended
measures for improving compliance. The unit process-
es described in this manual are those commonly used
in the treatment of metal finishing wastes.
Keywords: 'Metal finishing, 'Industrial waste treat-
ment, Manuals, Electroplating, Performance evalua-
tion, Equipment, Chemical engineering, Equalizing,
Flotation, Oils, Thickening, Dewatering, Oxidation,
Cyanides, Chromium, Filtration, Centrifuging, Oper-
ations, Maintenance.
PB85-107605/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregiatratlon of Pasticide
Products Containing Chlorobenzllate as the
Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 83,82p EPA/540/RS-83/024
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Standards, 'Guidelines, Reg-
ulations. Ecology, Genetics, Hazardous materials,
Labels, Marking, Agricultural products, Manufacturing,
Public health, Regulations, Tables(Data), 'Reregistra-
tion, 'Toxic substances. Path of pollutants, Federal In-
secticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act.
PB8S-107779/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Sewage Sludge versus Commercial Methods for
Reclaiming Strip-Mine Soils,
PEER Consultants, Inc., Rockville, MD.
L A. Abron-Robinson, and L. W. Weinberger. Sep 84,
112p EPA/600/2-84/155
Contract EPA-68-03-3018
Municipal sewage sludge has been reported to be
useful in reclaiming strip-mined soils for revegetation
and row crop agriculture. Commercial methods using
top soil replacement, lime and fertilizer have also been
reported to be successful in reclaiming (revegetating)
strip-mined soils. This study was carried out to deter-
mine: The relative costs of sewage sludge versus com-
mercial methods for reclaiming strip-mined soils; the
feasibility of using sewage sludge and commercial
methods for reclaiming strip-mined soils; the environ-
mental impact of using municipal sewage sludge and
commercial methods for reclaiming strip-mined soils.
This study involved an in-depth investigation of the
reclamation of strip-mined sites using commercial
methods and sewage sludge, including site visits to
two (2) strip-mined sites.
Keywords: 'Strip mining, 'Land reclamation, Farm
crops, Soil properties, Sludge, Fertilizers, Calcium
oxides, Sites, Evaluation, Cost analysis, Environmental
impacts, Spoil, Cost comparison, Revegetation,
'Sewage sludge, Land application.
PB85-108041/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Innovative and Alternative Technology Projects:
A Progress Report.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Municipal Construction Div.
Sep 84,41 p
Supersedes PB84-123702.
The Office of Water Program Operations issues this
annual summary report to provide interested parties
with an overview of progress in the implementation of
innovative and alternative technologies under the pro-
visions of the Clean Water Act.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Waste disposal,
'Water supply, Aeration, Grants, Irrigation, Clarifica-
tion, Chlorination, Disinfection, Ozonization, Sand fil-
ters, Lagoons(Ponds), Aquaculture, Anaerobic proc-
esses, Digestion(Decomposition), Sludge drying, List-
ings, Innovative and Alternative Technology, 'Land
application.
PB8S-108082/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment of a Flretube Boiler
Firing Coal/Oil/Water Mixtures. Volume 1. Techni-
cal Results. Final rept. Feb 81-Nov 83,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
R. DeRosier. Sep 84,115p* ACUREX/TR-81 -89/EE-
VOL-1, EPA/600/7-84/095A
Contract EPA-68-02-3188
See also Volume 2, PB85-108090.
This volume describes emission results from sampling
of flue gas from a firetube boiler burning a coal/oil/
water (COW) mixture and COW with soda ash added
(COW+SA) to control S02 emissions. Measurements
included: continuous monitoring of flue gas emissions;
source assessment sampling system (SASS) sampling
of the flue gas with subsequent laboratory analysis of
the samples to give total flue gas organics in two boil-
ing point ranges, specific quantitation of the semivola-
tile organic priority pollutant species, and flue gas con-
centrations of 73 trace elements; Method 5 sampling
for total particulate; and controlled condensation
system sampling for S02 and SOS emissions. Flue gas
S02 emissions decreased almost 99% with soda ash
addition from 1,089 to 13.6 ppm (3% 02). NOx emis-
sions decreased slightly from 477 to 427 ppm, while
CO emissions increased significantly from an average
of 25 to 426 ppm (all at 3% 02). Particulate loading at
the boiler outlet almost doubled (from 1,970 to 3,715
pg/dscm) with the additive. The size distribution of par-
ticulate also shifted to a much smaller mean diameter.
Total organic emissions increased from 6.7 to 13.1
mg/dscm; most of the increase were nonvolatile
(C16+) organics. Of the semivolatile organic priority
pollutant species, only fluoranthene and pnenanthrene
were detected with the COW fuel, and phenanthrene
with the COW+SA fuel.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Gas analysis, 'Fire
tube boilers, Assessments, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, Sampling, Infrared spectroscopy, Mass
spectroscopy, TablesfData), Extractions, Chemical
analysis, Flue gases, Sulfur oxides, Trace elements,
'Coal oil water slurries, "Environmental impact as-
sessments, 'Air pollution detection. Coal oil slurries,
Coal water slurries, EPA method 5, Source assess-
ment sampling systems, Spark source mass spectros-
copy.
PB85-108090/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Assessment of a Firetube Boiler
Firing Coal/Oil/Water Mixtures. Volume 2. Data
Supplement. Final rept. Feb 81-Nov 83,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
R. DeRosier. Sep 84,180p* ACUREX/TR-81 -89/EE-
VOL-2, EPA/600/7-84/095B
Contract EPA-68-02-3188
See also P685-108082.
This volume is a compendium of detailed emission and
test data from field tests of a firetube industrial boiler
burning a coal/oil/water (COW) mixture. The boiler
was tested while burning COW fuel, and COW with
soda ash added (COW+SA) to serve as an S02 sor-
bent. The test data include: preliminary equipment cali-
bration data, boiler operating data for both tests, fuel
analysis results, and complete flue gas emission
measurement and laboratory analysis results. Flue gas
emission measurements included: continuous monitor-
ing for criteria gas pollutants; gas chromatography
(GC) of gas grab samples for volatile organics (C1-C6);
EPA Method 5 for particulate; controlled condensation
system for S02 emissions; and source assessment
sampling system (SASS) for total organics in two boil-
ing point ranges (100 to 300 C and > 300 C), organic
compound category information using infrared spec-
trometry (IR) and low resolution mass spectrometry
(LRMS), specific quantitation of the semivolatile organ-
ic priority pollutants using gas chromatography/mass
spectrometry (GC/MS), liquid chromatography (LC)
separation of organic extracts into seven polarity frac-
tions with total organic and IR analyses of eluted frac-
tions, flue gas concentrations of trace elements by
spark source mass spectrometry (SSMS) and atomic
absorption spectroscopy (AAS), and biological assays
of organic extracts.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Gas analysis, 'Fire
tube boilers, Assessments, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, Sampling, Infrared spectroscopy, Mass
spectroscopy, Extractions, Chemical analysis, Flue
gases, TablesfData), Sulfur oxides, Particles, 'Coal oil
water slurries, 'Environmental impact assessments,
'Air pollution detection, Coal oil slurries, Coal water
slurries, EPA method 5, Source assessment sampling
systems, Spark source mass spectroscopy.
PB8S-108678/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
In vitro Assessment of Asbestos Genotoxiclty.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
F. B. Daniel. 1983,6p EPA/600/J-83/255
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v53 p163-
1671983.
Asbestos fibers are highly cytotoxic to cultured mam-
malian cells and produce chromosomal aberrations in
several rodent cell types. There is some uncertainty in
the literature as to whether these fibers are clasto-
genic to cultured human cells. Asbestos fibers do not
produce either DNA damage or back mutations in pro-
karyotic assay systems nor do they appear to cause
DNA strand breaks in either rodent or human cells.
The evidence that these fibers can produce either for-
ward mutation or neoplastic transformation of mam-
malian cells is weak. Asbestos fibers are clearly onco-
genic to humans and animals, but except for clasto-
genic effects in rodent cells, there is little evidence for
genetoxicity of fibers. It is reasonable to expect, there-
fore, that these materials may be oncogenic by virture
of mechanisms other than as tumor initiators.
Keywords: 'In vitro analysis, 'Asbestos, 'Toxicity,
'Environmental surveys, Assessments, Genetics, Ma-
lignant neoplasms, Carcinogens, Exposure, Deoxyri-
bonucleic acids, Bioassays.
PB85-108686/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Asbestos in Water Supplies of the United States.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
J. R Millette, P. J. Clark, J. Stober, and M. Rosenthal.
1983, 5p EPA/600/J-83/252
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v53 p45-
481983
The review of available data or the concentrations of
asbestos in U.S. water supplies suggests that the ma-
jority of water consumers are not exposed to asbestos
concentrations over 1 million fibers per liter. A few
populations, however, may be exposed to concentra-
tions over 1 billion fibers per liter. Eight percent of the
538 water supplies for which waterborne asbestos
data is available have concentrations of fibers over 10
million fibers per liter. The vast majority of asbestos
fibers which are found in U.S. water supplies are under
5 micrometers in length.
Keywords: "Asbestos, "Potable water, "Water supply,
United States, Concentration(Composition), Water
pollution, Reprints.
PB85-108694/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Sister Chromatid Exchanges in Mammalian Meiot-
Ic Chromosomes,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.
J. W. Allen, andC. Walters. Sep 84, 31 p EPA/600/D-
84/241
Very little is known about sister chromatid exchanges
(SCEs) in meiotic cells-only that they occur (1) and
reveal frequency and distribution patterns apparently
unaffected by cross-over (CO) exchange conditions in
those cells; (2) unfortunately, the number of studies
from which to draw these general conclusions is small
due to a variety of methodological difficulties. Only a
few organisms have been analyzed for baseline SCEs
in meiotic tissue. No information pertaining to the
extent or significance of SCE induction by mutagens
during meiosis is available. In the present work, an Ar-
menian hamster (Cricetulus migratorius) spermatocyte
system is described in terms of its methodological fea-
tures and its applications for baseline SCE analyses.
This system appears to have considerable promise for
comparative studies of mechanisms involved in SCE
and CO, and for development as an assay to detect
and determine the significance of induced SCEs in
meiotic cells.
Keywords: "Chromosomes, Mammals, Hamsters,
"Sister chromatid exchanges, Meiosis, Cricetulus mi-
gratorium.
PB85-108710	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Use of Quantitative Analysis of Urine to Assess
Exposure to Asbestos Fibers in Drinking Water in
the Puget Sound Region. Journal article,
Washington Univ., Seattle. Dept. of Environmental
Health.
E. S. Boatman, T. Merrill, A. O'Neill, and L. Polissar.
C1983, 12p EPA/600/J-83/256
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v53 p131-
1391983.
An earlier epidemiological and electron microscopy
study of drinking water in the Everett area of Washing-
ton State indicated large numbers of naturaljy occur-
ring chrysotile asbestos fibers in the water. The pur-
pose of the present study was to determine whether
significant numbers of asbestos fibers could be dem-
onstrated in the urines of donors resident in that area
for less than 3 years and over 20 years the tap water
contained about 200,000,000 fibers/liter. A control
group was obtained from Seattle where the tap water
asbestos fiber content was 100 x less. Urines, filtered
control water, tap water samples, and additional con-
trols were processed for transmission electron micros-
copy by the use of the Nuclepore membrane filter-
Jaffe wick procedure. At present, the data is inconclu-
sive but would suggest no relationship between high
concentrations of fibers in drinking water and the num-
bers estimated for voided urine.
Keywords: "Asbestos, "Potable water, "Chemical
analysis, "Urine, Assessments, Exposure, Epidemiolo-
gy, Concentration(Composition), Sampling, Electron
microscopy, Reprints, "Water pollution
effects(Humans), Puget Sound Region, Natural emis-
sions.
PB85-108728	Not available NTIS
7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-DNA Adducts in
Sprague-Oawiey and Long-Evans Female Rats:
The Relationship of ONA Adducts to Mammary
Cancer. Rept. for Aug 80-Mar 84,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
F. B. Daniel, and N.J. Joyce. c1984,8p EPA/600/J-
84/114
Prepared in cooperation with National Inst, for Occu-
pational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH. Div. of Bio-
medical and Behavioral Science.
Pub. in Carcinogenesis, v5 n8 p1021-1026 1984.
7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) is a powerful
carcinogen to the mammary gland of the pubescent
female Sprague-Dawley (S.D.) rat but is a much less
potent inducer of mammary adenocarcinoma in the
female Long-Evans (L.E.) rat of the same age. The
livers of both strains are refractory to DMBA. The maxi-
mum levels of DMBA-DNA adducts formed, in both the
mammary gland and liver following intraperitoneal (i.p.)
administration of (3H)DMBA (21 micromoles) were sig-
nificantly higher (p < 0.01) in the resistant, L.E. strain
than the sensitive S.D. strain. Maximal levels of DMBA-
DNA adducts were observed at 48 hr post administra-
tion of the hydrocarbon for both organs of both strains.
For the S.D. animals no significant loss of adducts (rel-
ative to the 48 hr maxima) was observed from either
organ at the last time point (336 hr). In contrast both
organs of the L.E. strain showed some evidence of
adduct removal.
Keywords: "Breast carcinoma, "Deoxyribonucleic
acid, Rats, Females, Reprints, "Anthracene/dimethyl-
benz, "Cancer.
PB8S-108736	Not available NTIS
Epidemiology Study of the Use of Asbestos-
Cement Pipe for the Distribution of Drinking
Water in Escambia County, Florida. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
J. R. Millette. G. F. Craun, J. A. Stober, D. F. Kraemer,
and H. G. Tousignant. c1983, 9p EPA/600/J-83/254
Prepared in cooperation with Escambia County Health
Dept., Pensacola, FL.
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v53 p91-
98 1983.
Cancer mortality for the population census tracts of
Escambia County, Florida, using asbestos-cement (A/
C) pipe for public potable water distribution was com-
pared with cancer mortality data collected from census
tracts in the same county using other types of piping
materials. An analysis of convariance was run to test
for differences in Standard Mortality Ratios for 7
cancer sites among 3 potential asbestos exposure
groups based on A/C pipe usage. Twelve variables
representing non-exposure related influences on dis-
ease rates were combined in 4 independent factors
and used as covariates in these analyses. No evidence
for an association between the use of A/C pipe for car-
rying drinking water and deaths due to gastrointestinal
and related cancers was found.
Keywords: "Asbestos cement products, "Water pipes,
"Epidemiology, "Water pollution, Malignant neo-
plasms, Populations, Mortality, Exposure, Comparison,
Potable water, Tests, Florida, Reprints, Escambia
County(Florida).
PB85-108744	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Chronic Effects of Dietary Exposure to Amosite
Asbestos and Tremollte in F344 Rats. Journal arti-
cle,
National Inst, of Environmental Health Sciences, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
E. E. McConnell, H. A. Rutter, B. M. Ulland, and J. A.
Moore. C1983,20p EPA/600/J-83/260
Prepared in cooperation with Hazleton Labs. America,
Inc., Vienna, VA.
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v53 p27-
44 1983.
Carcinogenesis bioassays of blocky (nonfibrous) tre-
molite and amosite asbestos alone or in combination
with the intestinal carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine
dihydrochloride (DMH) were conducted with male and
female Fischer 344 rats. The minerals were adminis-
tered at a concentration of 1 % in pelleted diet for the
entire lifetime of the rats starting with the dams of the
test animals. One group of amosite rats also received
chrysotile asbestos via gavage during lactation. Group
sizes varied from 100 to 250. No toxicity or increase in
neoplasia was observed in the tremolite exposed rats
compared to the controls. Significant increases
(P < 0.05) in the rates of C-cell carcinomas of the thy-
roid and monocytic leukemia in male rats were ob-
served in amosite exposed groups. However, the bio-
logical significance of the C-cell carcinomas in relation
to amosite asbestos exposure is discounted because
of a lack of significance when C-cell adenomas and
carcinomas were combined and the positive effect
was not observed in the amosite plus preweaning
gavage group.
Keywords: "Asbestos, "Toxicology, Bioassays, Rats,
Laboratory animals, Diets, Ingestion(Biology), Re-
prints, Amosite, Tremolite, "Carcinogenesis.
PB85-109155/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Final Environmental Impact Statement for South
Escambia and Santa Rosa Counties, Florida.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Sep 84, 137p EPA/904/9-84/122
This Final Environmental Impact Statement addresses
proposed wastewater facilities for South Escambia
and Santa Rosa Counties, Florida. Numerous
wastewater management alternatives have been eval-
uated with particular attention to water quality in the
area's surface and groundwater resources and the im-
pacts of projected population growth on the sensitive
natural and human resources of the area.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Environmental
impact statements-final, Construction, Land use, Out-
fall sewers, Waste disposal, Coasts, Water pollution,
Surface waters, Ground water, Archaeology, Popula-
tion growth, Environmental impacts, Natural re-
sources, Florida, Maps, "Escambia County(Florida),
"Santa Rosa County(Florida), "Alternative planning,
Land application.
PB85-109304/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Potential Causes of Elevated PM10 and PM15
Concentrations in the Inhalable Particulate Net-
work,
Nevada Univ. System, Reno. Desert Research Inst.
C. F. Rogers, and J. G. Watson. Jun 84,114p EPA/
450/4-84/016
This report discusses and characterizes 50 high PM15
site-days selected from the Inhalable Particulate (IP)
Network over the years 1979 to 1982. The study is in-
tended to characterize the potential causes of high
PM10 concentrations in the U.S., and therefore the
correlation between PM10 and PM15 levels is shown
and discussed. The available PM10 data are too
sparse to support the study by themselves. The PM15
data from the IP Network were analyzed with respect
to five hypothetical causes of elevated concentrations:
(1) local industrial emissions; (2) local nonindustrial
emissions; (3) regional secondary particle events; (4)
meteorological factors, such as stagnation and inver-
sion; and (5) measurement anomalies.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Particles,
Concentration(Composition), Urban areas, Sites, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Sources, "Air
quality, "Air pollution sampling.
PB85-109437	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Critical Review of Epidemiologic Studies Related
to Ingested Asbestos. Journal article,
Pittsburgh Univ., PA. Graduate School of Public
Health.
G. M. Marsh. C1983,10p EPA/600/J-83/258
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v53 p49-
561983.
Thirteen epidemiologic studies of ingested asbestos
conducted in five areas of the U.S. and Canada were
reviewed and evaluated for the definitiveness and ap-
plicability regarding the development of ambient water
quality standards. One or more studies found male or
female associations between asbestos in water sup-
plies and cancer mortality (or incidence) for neoplasms
of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon
rectum, gall bladder, pancreas, peritoneum, lung
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
pleura, prostate, kidney, brain, thyroid, and leukemia.
Several methodological weaknesses and limitations
were found in each study leading to the determination
that no individual study nor aggregation of studies
exists that would establish risk levels from ingested as-
bestos. A binomial probability analysis of the eight in-
dependent studies suggested that while the level of
male-female agreement was generally low, the num-
bers of observed positive associations in males and fe-
males for neoplasms of the esophagus, stomach, pan-
creas, and prostate was unlikely to have been generat-
ed by chance factors alone, and thus, may have a bio-
logical basis related to ingested asbestos.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, Ingestion(Biology), Reviews.
Standards, Epidemiology, Risk, Reprints, Water qual-
ity, Drinking water.
PB85-109486	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effect of Population Density on the Results of the
Study of Water Supplies in Five California Coun-
ties. Journal article,
California Univ., Berkeley.
P. M. Conforti. C1983,13p EPA/600/J-83/257
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v53 p69-
78 1983.
Two previous studies (1969-1971 and 1969-1974
study periods) examined the relationship between
cancer incidence and chrysotile asbestos ingested
through drinking water in the San Francisco-Oakland
Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA). Popu-
lation density, an important covariable in the relation-
ship between cancer and environmental agents, was
not Included in the analyses of these studies. The
present work determines the effect of this covariable
on the results of the second San Francisco-Oakland
SMSA study. The conclusion of the reanalysis was that
population density was distributed across the San
Francisco-Oakland SMSA in such a way that it had
little effect on the observation of a relationship be-
tween ingested asbestos and cancer.
Keywords: "Asbestos, 'Water pollution, "Water
supply, Assessments, Malignant neoplasms, Correla-
tion, Regression analysis, Populations, Density(Mass/
volume), Reprints, Drinking water, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), San Francisco(California),
Oakland(California).
PB85-109981	Not available NTIS
Survival of Parasite Eggs Upon Storage In Sludge.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
C. J. O'Donnell, K. B. Meyer, J. V. Jones, T. Benton,
and E. S. Kaneshiro. C1984,12p EPA/600/5-84/117
Prepared in cooperation with Cincinnati Univ., OH.
Dept. of Biological Sciences.
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v48
n3 p618-625 Sep 84.
Destruction rates of parasite eggs in stored sludge
were examined to help understand the fate of these
agents of enteric diseases in sludge lagoons. Eggs
from the roundworms, Ascaris, Toxocara, and Tri-
churis, and the tapeworms, Hymenolepis, were treated
with domestic sludges by aerobic or anaerobic proc-
esses. Although storage temperature was found to be
the most important factor affecting the destruction and
viability of these eggs, other factors, such as the type
of sludge digestion, whether or not the eggs were di-
gested along with the sludge or added later, stored in
tne soil vs. sludge, pH, and egg species also exhibited
some minor effects. These controlled laboratory stud-
ies suggest that lagooning of sludge can be an effec-
tive method for the elimination of parasite eggs, par-
ticularly in warmer geographic locations.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Lagoons(Ponds),
'Parasitic diseases, 'Parasites, Aerobic processes,
Anaerobic processes, Temperature, Storage, Re-
prints.
PB85-109999	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Physicochemical Processes and the Formulation
of Dosimetry Models. Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J H. Overton, Jr. C1984,26p EPA/600/J-84/116
Contract EPA-68-02-4032
Pub. in Jnl. of Tox. and Env. Health, v13 n2-3
p273(93)-294{114) 1984.
The major physical and chemical processes involved
in the transport and absorption of 03 or N02 in the
lower respiratory tract are discussed. This includes the
development of respiratory tract models, flow patterns,
and transport in tube networks, the mucous, surfac-
tant, and tissue layers, and chemical reactions and
transport of 03 or N02 within these layers. Descrip-
tions of the individual processes are simplified and in-
tegrated to illustrate the formulation of dosimetry
models. Data from a dosimetry model, formulated from
the concepts discussed, are used to illustrate the
types of information obtained by modeling. (Copyright
(c) 1984 by Hemisphere Publishing Corporation.)
Keywords: "Dosimetjv, "Mathematical models, 'Phys-
icochemical properties, 'Transport properties, 'Ab-
sorption, 'Ozone, 'Nitrogen dioxide, Chemical reac-
tions, Toxicology, Tissues(Biology), Physiology, Re-
prints, 'Air pollution effects(Humans).
PB85-110005/HSll	PC A02/MF A01
Trimethyltln Disrupts Acoustic Startle Respond-
ing in Adult Rats. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
P. H. Ruppert, K. F. Dean, and L. W. Reiter. 1984,9p
EPA/600/J-84/115
Pub. in Toxicology Letters 22, p33-381984.
Trimethyltin (TMT) is a limbic-system toxicant which
also produces sensory dysfunction in adult animals. In
the present experiment, the authors examined the ef-
fects of TMT on the acoustic startle response. Adult
male, Long-Evans rats (N = 12/dose) received a single
i.p. injection of either 0, 4.0, 5.0 or 6.0 mg/kg TMT hy-
droxide as the base. The number of responses, laten-
cy and peak amplitude of the startle response to a 13
kHz, 120 dB tone were measured 2 h, 2 weeks, and 4
weeks after dosing. For each test session, 10 stimuli
were presented at each of three background noise
levels (50, 65 and 80 dB). By 2 h after dosing, the
number of response and response amplitude were de-
creased following 4.0-6.0 mg/kg TMT; these treatment
effects persisted through 4 weeks after dosing. In-
creases in latency were also seen following all dos-
ages of TMT. These data suggest that TMT produces
disruption of function within the acoustic-startle path-
way.
Keywords: 'Acoustics, "Toxicology, Behavior, Rats,
Laboratory animals, Reprints, "Trimethyltin, "TMT.
PB85-110013/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Muncipial Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Standardizing Boom Test Procedures,
Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc., Leonardo,
NJ.
M. Borst, and H. W. Lichte. Sep 84, 24p EPA/600/D-
84/243
Contract EPA-68-03-3203
The OHMSETT Interagency Technical Committee
(OTIC) sponsored a combined series of in-tank and
open-water tests of five booms that cover a wide range
of sizes and design parameters. The tests were con-
ducted at the United States Environmental Protection
Agency's OHMSETT facility and in Sandy Hook Bay
between November 1983 and May 1984. The in-tank
tests measured the oil-holding performance of the
boom; the open-water tests demonstrated the wave
conformance and survivability. The objective was a
correlation between the two sets of data. There were
five in-tank tests for each boom using a standardized
test matrix for oil-holding ability. Wave conformance
and endurance were observed under controlled condi-
tions. The results of this testing compared favorably
with past tests performed in the tank. The five booms
were deployed in the bay from 14 to 27 days, depend-
ing on the weather, and were videotaped to document
their approximate sea-state limits. The wave conform-
ance of the 500-ft booms deployed in the bay was
similar to the conformance of the 100-ft lengths used
in the tank, but lack of conformance was more obvious
in the bay tests. The in-tank endurance tests did not
correlate as well as expected with the open-water test-
ing. Additional testing to obtain both waveform and
boom motion data is scheduled for the fall of 1984.
These tests are designed to determine the minimum
instrumentation and analysis needed to obtain accept-
able measurements of boom response in irregular
seas.
Keywords: "Booms(Equipment), "Water pollution con-
trol, 'Standards, Performance evaluation, Tests,
Design criteria, Hazardous materials, "Oil spills, "Oil
retention booms, Procedures.
PB85-110021/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Review of Published Studies of Orally Adminis-
tered Asbestos. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. W. Condie. 1983, 10p EPA/600/J-83/253
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v53 p3-9
1983.
There has been great public concern about the ad-
verse health effects resulting from the presence of as-
bestos fibers in municipal drinking water supplies. This
article reviews and summarizes the experimental find-
ings of eleven published papers which have evaluated
the carcinogenic potential of asbestos following its in-
gestion. The long-term, high-level ingestion of various
types of asbestos fibers in more than one animal spe-
cies failed to produce any definite, reproducible, organ
specific carcinogenic effect.
Keywords: "Asbestos, Fibers, Urban areas, Reviews,
Ingestion(Biology), Reprints, Drinking water, "Carcino-
genesis.
PB85-110039/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Foliar Washoff of Pesticides (FWOP) Model: De-
velopment and Evaluation. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
C. N. Smith, and R. F. Carsel. 1984,23p EPA/600/J-
84/118
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Science and Health B19,
n3 p323-3421984.
The Foliar Washoff of Pesticides (FWOP) Model was
developed to provide an empirical simulation of pesti-
cide washoff from plant leaf surfaces as influenced by
rainfall amount. To evaluate the technique, simulations
by the FWOP Model were compared to those by the
foliar washoff algorithm of the Chemical Runoff and
Erosion from Agricultural Management Systems
(CREAMS) Model. The two algorithms were linked in-
dividually to the Pesticide Runoff Simulator (PRS) for
the comparison. Five years of test data from a Missis-
sippi watershed were used to evaluate six insecticides
(carbaryl, profenofos, methyl parathion, permethrin,
phorate, and toxaphene). Initially the FWOP Model
was used to evaluate the relative impact of chemical
distribution (foliage versus soil) on the subsequent
foliar washoff and soil surface contributions to runoff
losses.
Keywords: "Rainfall, 'Insecticides, "Plants(Botany),
Leaves(Botany), Losses, Mathematical models,
Runoff, Evaluation, Comparison, Assessments,
Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), Reprints, FWOP model,
Path of pollutants.
PB85-110435/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Assessment of Emissions of Specific Compounds
from a Resource Recovery Municipal Refuse In-
cinerator. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
C. L. Haile, R. B. Blair, R. M. Lucas, and T. Walker. Jun
84,94p EPA/560/5-84/002
Contract EPA-68-01-5915
This study was conducted as a part of a nationwide
survey to determine organic emissions from major sta-
tionary combustion sources. The principal compounds
of interest were polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs) and polychlorinated aromatic compounds, in-
cluding polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlori-
nated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated
dibenzofurans (PCDFs). This report describes an as-
sessment of emissions from a resource recovery mu-
nicipal refuse incinerator.
Keywords: "Incinerators, "Chemical compounds, "Air
pollution, 'Solid waste disposal, Assessments,
Sewage, Gas analysis, Sampling, Chemical analysis,
Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, 'Resource recov-
ery facilities. Refuse derived fuels, Polychlorinated bi-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
phenyls, Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, Polychlori-
nated dibenzofurans.
PB85-110492	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
In vitro Approaches for Determining Mechanisms
of Toxicity and Carcinogenicity by Asbestos in
the Gastrointestinal and Respiratory Tracts. Jour-
nal article,
Vermont Univ., Burlington. Dept. of Pathology.
B. T. Mossman. c1983, 9p EPA/600/J-83/261
Contract EPA-68-03-3130
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v53 p155-
161 1983.
Organ and cell cultures of gastrointestinal and tra-
cheobronchial epithelium have been used to docu-
ment both the interaction of asbestos with mucosal
cells and the sequence of cellular events occurring
after exposure of cells to fibers. The biological activity
of various types of asbestos in vitro is related to sur-
face charge, crystallization and dimensional character-
istics. These factors also influence adsorption of natu-
ral secretions and serum components to fibers, a proc-
ess which ameliorates cytotoxicity. Although mecha-
nistic studies at the cellular level are lacking using
epithelial cells of the digestive tract, asbestos appears
to elicit a constellation of morphologic and biochemi-
cal changes in tracheal epithelium that resemble ef-
fects of classical tumor promoters on target cells.
Keywords: "Asbestos, 'Toxicology, In vitro analysis,
Gastrointestinal system, Respiratory system, Expo-
sure, Reprints, "Carcinogenesis. Air pollution effects.
PB85-110500	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Chronic Effects of Dietary Exposure to Amosite
and Chrysotile Asbestos in Syrian Golden Ham-
sters. Journal article,
National Inst, of Environmental Health Sciences, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
E. E. McConnell, A. M. Shefner, J. H. Rust, and J. A.
Moore. C1983,17p EPA/600/J-83/259
Prepared in cooperation with IIT Research Inst., Chica-
go, IL. Life Sciences Research Div.
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v53 p11 -
251983.
Bioassays of amosite, short range (SR), intermediate
range (IR) or intermediate range chrysotile asbestos in
combination with the intestinal carcinogen 1,2-dimeth-
ylhydrazine dihydrochloride (DMH) were conducted
with male and female Syrian golden hamsters. Amo-
site and both forms of chrysotile asbestos were admin-
istered at a concentration of 1 % in pelleted diet for the
entire lifetime of the hamster starting with mothers of
the test animals. Group sizes varied from 125 to 254.
There was no adverse effect on body weight gain or
survival by either type of asbestos or by IR chrysotile
asbestos in combination with DHM.
Keywords: "Asbestos, "Amosite, "Toxicology, Bioas-
say, Diets, Exposure, Hamsters, Laboratory animals.
Reprints, Drinking water.
PB85-110567/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Petroleum Dry Cleaners: Background Information
for Promulgated Standards. Volume 2. Final Envi-
ronmental Impact Statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sep 84,27p EPA/450/3-82/012b
See also PB84-116045.
Standards of Performance for the control of VOC
emissions from petroleum dry cleaning facilities have
been proposed under the authority of Section 111 (b)
of the Clean Air Act. These standards apply to new,
modified, or reconstructed petroleum dry cleaning fa-
cilities, the construction or modification of which began
on or after the date of proposal. This draft document
contains response to comments received on the pro-
posed standard and a summary of the changes made
in the standard prior to promulgation.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Dry cleaners,
"Standards, Petroleum products, Solvents, "Stand-
ards of performance, "Volatile organic compounds.
236 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB85-110690/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, Upper Mystic
Lake Watershed: Case Study. Final rept. 1978-82,
Massachusetts Dept. of Environmental Quality Engi-
neering, Boston.
G.J. Vicens. Oct 82,174p
Grant EPA-P-001114-01-6
See also PB84-213321. Prepared in cooperation with
Camp, Dresser and McKee, Inc., Boston, MA.
This report was prepared to: summarize the analysis of
hydrologic and water quality data, both historic and as
collected during the study; demonstrate the applica-
tion of the STORM simulation model to characterize
the rainfall/runoff and pollutant washoff processes
that are taking place; summarize simulation of the
Aberjona River quality using the model RWQM; dem-
onstrate further application of the two models to pre-
dict the loadings of various constituents to Upper
Mystic Lake; and provide identification of control alter-
natives.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Water pollution, "Mystic Lake,
"Urban areas, Sampling, Metals, Aberjona River, Con-
form bacteria, Biochemical oxygen demand, Stream
flow, Rainfall, Snowmelt, Mathematical models,
Tables(Data), Massachusetts, "Water quality data.
PB85-111185/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Update on the Use of Particulate Ratios to Assess
Likely PM10 Attalnmment Status,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
A. D. Thrall, and A. B. Hudischewskyj. Jun 84, 64p
EPA/450/4-84/013
Contract EPA-68-02-3848
This report describes results of statistical analyses of
PM15, TSP and PM(10) data collected during 1980-82
at collocated sites in the National Inhalable Particulate
Monitoring Network. Results from this report have
been used to support the use of national distributions
for PM(10)/TSP ratios. Selection of a distribution of
PM(10)/TSP ratios is an inherent assumption made in
order to estimate nonattainment probabilities for
PM(10) at sites collecting only TSP data.
Keywords: "Particles, "Air pollution, Sites, Assess-
ments, Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data),
"Total suspended particulates.
PB85-111193/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program Study for
Eugene and Springfield, Oregon. Final rept. 1978-
1982,
Lane Council of Governments, Eugene, OR.
G. Rosenthal, and R. A. Kreag. Jun 82,455p
Grant EPA-P-000157-01-1
This document was developed to summarize the re-
sults of monitoring and data inventories, pilot study
conclusions and special impact assessments; to
evaluate overall loadings and impacts of urban runoff
on receiving waters, special concern areas, and bene-
ficial water uses; to integrate the results from current
studies into past study efforts and needs assess-
ments; to outline an overall urban runoff management
plan for the cities of Eugene and Springfield, Oregon,
incorporating financial management information spe-
cifically; to evaluate the potential for urban runoff man-
agement for other urban areas within the Lane COG
planning area; and to provide a basis for input by local
jurisdictions on appropriate elements of State and
Federal nonpoint source control policy.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Water pollution, "Urban areas,
Watersheds, Monitoring, Flow rate, Drainage,
Streams, Rainfall, Management, Vegetation, Streets,
Cleaning, Traps, Oils, Financing, Ordinances,
Tables(Data), "Organic loading, Nonpoint sources.
Eugene(Oregon), Springfield(Oregon).
PB85-111334/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, Fresno, Cali-
fornia: Final Report. Rept. for 1980-84,
Fresno Metropolitan Flood Control District, CA.
D. Harrison. May 84, 183p
Grant EPA-P-009321-01-0
Prepared in cooperation with Brown and Caldwell,
Sacramento, CA.
This report documents the environmental impacts of
the practice of retention and recharge of urban storm
runoff through the existing system of retention/re-
charge basins. Since drinking water is obtained from
groundwater sources, and the turfed recharge basins
are used during summer months for recreation, the
possibility of potential impacts resulting from pollution
was a concern.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Water pollution, "Urban areas,
Ground water recharge, Drainage, Soils, Environmen-
tal impacts, Potable water, Recreation, Turf grasses,
Sampling, Metals, Concentration(Composition), Inor-
ganic nitrates, Phosphorus, Calcium, Pesticides,
Tables(Data), California, "Storm water runoff, "Re-
charge ponds, Fresno(California).
PB85-111375/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Heavy-Duty Vehicle Emission Conversion Factors
1962-1997. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
M. C. Smith, IV. Aug 84, 51 p EPA-AA-SDSB-84-1
This report describes the methodology and the specif-
ic conversion factors used for the heavy-duty gasoline
and diesel powered vehicles for the model years 1962
through 1997. Heavy-duty emission factors are used
by MOBILE3, a computer program that determines
emission inventories in various localities.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Mathematical models, Com-
puter programming, Gasoline, Sites, Sampling, Urban
areas, "Heavy duty vehicles, "Emission factors,
"Mobile source emissions model, Diesel engine ex-
haust.
PB85-111391/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Technical Support Document for Proposed Regu-
lations Under Section 304(d)(4) of the Clean Water
Act, as Amended.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Facility Requirements Div.
Aug 84,200p
This document has been prepared to provide technical
support for the regulatory amendments to the second-
ary treatment regulation to implement Sections 301
and 304 of the Clean Water Act. The information pre-
sented supports final regulations that would establish
criteria for facilities eligible for treatment equivalent to
secondary treatment, a minimum level effluent quality
attainable by such facilities.
Keywords: "Regulations, "Sewage treatment. National
government, Government policies, Trickling filters, Ac-
tivated sludge process, Aeration, Lagoons(Ponds),
Design criteria, Oxidation, Standards, Licenses,
States(United States), "Secondary treatment, Rotating
disc process.
PB85-111524/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning Standards.
Receptor Model Technical Series. Volume 5.
Source Apportionment Techniques and Consider-
ations in Combining Their Use,
TRC Environmental Consultants, Inc., East Hartford
CT.
M. K. Anderson, E. T. Brookman, R. J. Londergan, J.
G. Watson, and P. J. Lioy. Jul 84,191 p EPA/450/4-
84/020
Contract EPA-68-02-3514
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ. System,
Reno. Desert Research Inst., and New York Univ., Ny!
Inst, of Environmental Medicine. See also PB84-
103340,
This volume (1) discusses models which identify
source contributions to receptor concentrations, their
input data, the assumptions on which they are based
and the effects of typical deviations from those as-
sumptions; (2) identifies measurements which these
models require, their availability, the additional as-
sumptions imposed by these measurements, and the
effect of their precision and accuracy on modeling re-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
levels of analysis detail, for the optimum combinations
of models and measurements in practical situations,
and illustrates these protocols with case studies.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Mathematical models, "Par-
ticles,	Sources,	Aerosols,
Concentration(Composition), Sampling, Meteorology,
Urban areas, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis, Sites,
"Air quality, "Air pollution sampling, "National ambient
air quality standards, Computer applications, Air pollu-
tion detection.
PB85-112209/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Progress and Challenges: An EPA
(Environmental Protection Agency) Perspective,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
L. S. W. Crampton, C. C. Kelly, and S. L. Hiemstra. Jun
84,125p*
Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
This report presents the Environmental Protection
Agency's (EPA's) assessment of the progress we have
made as a Nation in improving the quality of the air we
breathe, the water we depend on, and the land where
we live. More importantly, it presents EPA's agenda for
restoring and protecting these resources from past
and future environmental hazards.
Keywords: "Water quality, "Environmental surveys.
Assessments, Pesticides, Asbestos, Radioactive
wastes, Sewage, Potable water, Forecasting, Public
health, Hazardous materials, Sulfur dioxide, Ozone,
Carbon monoxide, Lead(Metal), Water pollution, Air
pollution, "Environmental assessments, "Air quality,
"Land use, Toxic substances, Polychlorinated biphen-
yls, Dioxin(Herbicides), Acid rain, Heavy metals.
PB85-112241/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
City of Tampa Management Analysis and Report
System (MARS). Volume 3. Programming Manual.
Rept. for Jun 80-May 82,
Tampa Water Dept., FL.
D. L. Tippin, J. M. Swarens, E. Smith, G. Hanna, and J.
I. Gillean. Oct 84,673p EPA/600/2-84/158C
See also Volume 1, PB85-106177. Prepared in coop-
eration with ACT Systems, Inc., Winter Park, FL., and
Tampa Sanitary Sewer Dept., FL.Portions of this docu-
ment are not fully legible.
This three-volume report describes the development
and implementation of a management analysis and
report system (MARS) in the Tampa, Florida, Water
and Sanitary Sewer Departments. MARS will help both
the Water and Sanitary Sewer Departments control
costs and manage expanding service requirements
more effectively and efficiently. Volume III, primarily a
system analyst's/programmer's guide, contains the
source code for all computer programs in Tampa's
MARS.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Water distribution,
"Urban planning, Programming manuals, Sewage dis-
posal. Sanitary sewers. Public utilities, Management,
Cost analysis, Water treatment, Financing, Systems
engineering, Computer programs, Cobol,
"Tampa(Florida), Computer codes.
PB85"112407/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
User's Manual for OZIPM-2: Ozone Isopleth Plot-
ting with Optional Mechanisms/Version 2,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
G. L. Gipson. Aug 84.292p EPA/450/4-84/024
Ozone Isopleth Plotting with Optional Mechanisms/
Version 2 (OZIPM-2) is a computerized model that sim-
ulates ozone formation in urban atmospheres. OZIPM-
2 calculates maximum one-hour average ozone con-
centrations given a set of input assumptions about ini-
tial precursor concentrations, light intensity, dilution,
diurnal and spatial emission patterns, transported pol-
lutant concentrations, and reactivity of the precursor
mix. OZIPM-2 also accepts as input any user supplied
chemical mechanism. The results of multiple simula-
tions are used to produce an ozone isopleth diagram
tailored to particular cities. Such a diagram relates
maximum ozone concentrations to concentrations of
non-methane organic compounds and oxides of nitro-
gen, and can be used in the Empirical Kinetic Modeling
Approach (EKMA) to calculate the emission reductions
necessary to achieve air quality standards for photo-
chemical oxidants. This user's manual describes the
technical basis, necessary and optional input data,
computer code and the use of OZIPM-2.
Keywords: "Ozone, 'Urban areas, "Air pollution,
"Manuals, Concentration(Composition), standards,
Photochemical reactions, Nitrogen oxides, Transport
properties, Mathematical models, Nomographs, Reac-
tion kinetics, Hydrocarbons, "Air quality, OZIPP
models, EKMA models.
PB85-112894/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Development and Evaluation of Method 5B: Back-
ground Information for Proposed Reference
Method,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
G. McAlister. Sep 84, 32p EPA/450/3-84/016
This report discusses the development of Method 5B.
Results from tests at fossil-fuel-fired boilers are sum-
marized and compared.
Keywords: "Particles, "Air pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Sampling, Boilers, Com-
parison, Tables(Data), Performance evaluation, Indus-
trial wastes, Combustion products, "EPA method 5B,
"Nonsulfuric acid sampling method, "Air pollution sam-
pling, Coal fired power plants.
PB85-113033/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Method 16A for Determination of Total Reduced
Sulfur Emissions: Summary of Comments and Re-
sponses.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Oct 84,25p EPA/450/3-82/028
This document addresses the public comments sub-
mitted after proposal of Method 16A in the Federal
Register. Changes made to the method as a result of
these comments are included. This document serves
as the basis for the revisions which have been made to
the test method between proposal and promulgation.
Keywords: "Sulfur, "Gas analysis, "Public opinion, *Air
pollution control, Regulations, Hydrogen sulfide, Sam-
pling, Tests, "EPA method 16A, "Air pollution sam-
pling, "Air pollution detection, "Air pollution abate-
ment, Federal Register, Stationary sources. Clean air
act.
PB85-113959	Not available NTIS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Metals Distributions In Activated Sludge Systems.
Final rept. Jul 76-Dec 78,
Illinois Inst, of Tech., Chicago.
J. W. Patterson, and P. S. Kodukula. c1984,10p EPA/
600/J-84/125
Grant EPA-R-806582
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
v56n5p432-441 May 84.
This project developed models to predict the distribu-
tion of metals in activated sludge system process
streams. The data used to develop the models were
obtained through extended pilot studies from a previ-
ous project. The objectives of the study were to evalu-
ate the effects of wastewater and plant operational
variables on the distribution of selected metals be-
tween the soluble and solid phases of the process
streams of a conventional activated sludge system,
and to develop an empirical model which describes the
metals distribution in the individual treatment system
process streams. The patterns of metals transport
across the treatment systems were extremely interest-
ing. The range of concentrations for each metal was
quite broad, reflecting the combination of natural fluc-
tuations in the influent metals levels, and the dosing
with mixtures of metals in the laboratory. There was a
reduction in the average total metal concentration
across the primary clarifier. The difference between
the total and soluble metals concentration is the con-
centration of solids-bound metal. The total concentra-
tions of metals in the mixed liquids are much higher
than in the raw waste, typically by 5- to 10-fold. Two
empirical metals distribution models have been devel-
oped which are believed to be generally acceptable.
Both models accurately predict the distribution of proc-
ess stream metals between the soluble and solid
phases.
Keywords: "Activated sludge process, "Metals, "Math-
ematical models, "Water pollution control, Pilot plants,
Concentration(Composition), Industrial waste treat-
ment, Reprints, "Heavy metals.
PB85-113967/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Inactivation of Simian Rotavirus SA11 by Chlo-
rine, Chlorine Dioxide, and Monochloramfne. Jour-
nal article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
D. Berman, and J. C. Hoff. 1984, 9p EPA/600/J-84/
126
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v48
n2p317-323 Aug 84.
The kinetics of inactivation of the simian rotavirus SA-
11 by chlorine, chlorine dioxide and monochloramine
were studied at pH 6, 8 and 10 using a purified prepa-
ration of single virions and a preparation of cell associ-
ated virions. With chlorine at pH 6, the rate of inactiva-
tion of the single virion was too fast to measure. Both
virus preparations were inactivated more rapidly at pH
6 than pH 10. With chlorine dioxide, however, the op-
posite was true. Both virus preparations were inactivat-
ed more rapidly at pH 10 than at pH 6. The cell associ-
ated virus was more resistant to inactivation by the
three disinfectants than the preparation of single vir-
ions. Chlorine and chlorine dioxide at pH 6 and pH 10
inactivated 99% of both virus preparations within 5
minutes, however, monochloramine at pH 8 required
more than 6 hours for the same amount of inactivation.
Keywords: "Chlorine, "Chlorine dioxide, "Monochlora-
mine, "Toxicology, Viruses, Reprints, Rotaviruses.
PB85-113975	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Use of 'In vitro' Methods for Assessing Reproduc-
tive Toxicity, Dichlorophenols. Journal article,
Medical Coll. of Virginia, Richmond. Dept. of Pharma-
cy E^eyler, J. M. East, L. W. Condie, and J. F.
Borzelleca. c1984,11 p EPA/600/J-84/127
Grant EPA-R-808861
Prepared in cooperation with Georgetown Univ.,
Washington, DC.
Pub. in Toxicology Letters 20, p309-315 1984.
Environmental levels of dichlorophenols (DCPs)
appear to be increasing. A paucity of knowledge exists
concerning the impact of these agents on human
health, including reproductive effects. Mice are being
exposed to various DCPs to determine their toxic po-
tential. In addition, the mouse in vitro fertilization
method ass used to evaluate the potential reproduc-
tive effects of series of DCPs. This method is prelimi-
nary reproductive screening procedure. In vitro pene-
tration was depressed by 2,5-DCP, 3,4-DCP, and 3,5-
DCP. None of the agents affected sperm motility. Acri-
dine orange fluorescent microscopy revealed that 3,4-
DCP and 3,5-DCP disrupted the sperm acrosome; this
could result in depressed penetration.
Keywords: "In vitro analysis, "Toxicity, "Phenols, "Re-
productive system, Laboratory animals, Public health,
Assessments, Concentration(Composition), Chlorine
organic compounds, Dosage, Reprints, "Phenol/dich-
loro.
PB85-113983/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Automative Quantification of Rat Duodenal Rhyth-
mic Contraction. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
E. R. Whitcomb, A. Stead, G. H. Ward, and M. A. Brice.
1984,10p EPA/600/J-84-128
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
T oxicology 33, p169-1761984.
The pacemaker activity of longitudinal muscle, as re-
flected by in vitro rhythmic contractions of the adult
male rat's duodenum, has been examined in terms of
intercontraction intervals that were collected using a
microprocessor-based system. For each duodenal
segment studied. 512 consecutive intercontraction in-
tervals were classified into 25 msec, increments from
25 msec to 5 seconds. The resultant frequency histo-
gram was characterized by its first four sample cumu-
lants. Duodenal segments exposed to different tem-
peratures were analyzed to see if changes in the distri-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
butional characteristics of the intercontraction inter-
vals could be observed in response to the controllable
environmental condition of a water bath. The mean in-
tercontraction interval decreased linearly with an in-
crease in temperature. While the intercontraction inter-
val histograms generally were positively skewed and
leptokurtic, no significant changes in these character-
istics could be detected at different temperatures. This
approach suggests the usefulness of duodenal seg-
ments in physiological, pharmacological and toxicolog-
ical studies.
Keywords: 'Duodenum, "Quantitative analysis, Diges-
tive system, Rats, Laboratory animals, Reprints.
PB85-113991/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Design Manual: Removal of Fluoride from Drink-
ing Water Supplies by Activated Alumina. Rept. for
Jun 81-Jun 84,
Rubel and Hager, Inc., Tucson, AZ.
F. Rubel, Jr. Aug 84,102p EPA/600/2-84/134
Contract EPA-68-03-2917
This manual is an in-depth presentation of the steps
required to design and operate a water treatment plant
for the removal of excess fluoride using the activated
alumina method. A description of the basic technology
of fluoride removal by activated alumina is included in
addition to design examples and capital, operation and
maintenance costs associated with major cost varia-
bles.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Potable water, "Manu-
als, 'Fluorides, Design criteria, Capitalized costs, Op-
erating costs, Maintenance, Adsorption, Aluminium
oxide.
PB85-114023/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Ultraviolet Disinfection of a Secondary Effluent:
Measurement of Dose and Effects of Filtration.
Final rept.,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
J. D. Johnson, R. G. Quails, and A. D. Venosa. Oct 84,
126p EPA/600/2-84/160
Grant EPA-R-804770
Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection of wastewater secondary
effluent was investigated in a two-phase study to de-
velop methods for measuring UV dose and to deter-
mine the effects of filtration on UV disinfection, The
first phase of this study involved a pilot plant study
comparing filtration, water quality parameters, and two
reactors. The pilot plant study led to laboratory experi-
ments involving: (1) the development of a method for
in situ measurement of intensity using a calibrated bio-
assay, (2) experimental verification of a method for cal-
culating intensities, (3) evaluation of the role of lamp
spacing in dose efficiency, and (4) simulation of UV
disinfection in continuous flow.
Keywords'. 'Ultraviolet radiation, 'Water treatment,
Pilot plants, Dosage, Disinfection, Comparison, Fluid
infiltration, Bioassay, Ultraviolet lamps, Spacing, Sur-
vival, Coliform bacteria, Absorption, Sensitivity, Sec-
ondary treatment.
PB85-114031/HSU	PC A06
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Residential Wood and Coal Combustion. Task 1.
Summary of Current and Proposed State and/or
Local Regulatory Activities. Final rept..
Green (Del) Associates, Inc., Salem, OR. Environmen-
tal Technology Div.
B. Burton, and A. Senzel. Feb 84, 119p EPA/450/5-
83/005A
This report summarizes the results of a review and
analysis of the current and projected State and/or
local regulatory activities applicable to controlling air
pollution from residential wood and coal combustion.
With the rapidly rising prices of conventional fuels, sev-
eral areas of the country are seeing a return to wood
and coal use for residential space heating. Residential
coal combustion in particular has been associated in
the past with some of the most serious air pollution epi-
sodes recorded. Residential wood combustion is cur-
rently associated with a few areas having visibility im-
238 Vol. 90, No. 24
pairment and excessive ambient particulate and
carbon monoxide levels. The objective of this study is
to review those state and local regulations that either
directly or indirectly regulate residential coal combus-
tion or residential wood combustion. In addition to de-
termining current regulations that affect residential
coal and wood combustion, an attempt was made to
determine areas which anticipate significant air pollu-
tion increases due to residential wood and coal com-
bustion (RWCC) and may be addressing these sources
in the near future.
Keywords: "Residential buildings, 'Air pollution con-
trol, 'Wood, *Coal, 'Regulations, State government,
Reviews, Particles, Combustion products, Standards,
Forecasting, Sources, Carbon monoxide, Visibility,
Sulfur dioxide, Heating systems, Space heating, 'Air
pollution abatement.
PB85-114072/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Are the 'National Guidelines' Based on Sound
Judgments,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
C. E. Stephan. Oct 84,28p EPA/600/D-84/251
Until recently, procedures used to derive water quality
criteria for aquatic life were not well defined and few
principles were identified. On November 28, 1980, the
United States Environmental Protection Agency pub-
lished 'Guidelines for Deriving Water Quality Criteria
for the Protection of Aquatic Life and Its Uses' in the
Federal Register. These have been subsequently re-
vised and renamed to 'Guidelines for Deriving Numeri-
cal National Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of
Aquatic Life and Its Uses' and are referred to as the
'National Guidelines'. In addition, guidelines have been
developed for deriving site-specific criteria either by
modifying national criteria or by using other appropri-
ate information. Establishing procedures for deriving
water quality criteria and for assessing hazard to
aquatic life have many similarities because both make
use of information from many areas of aquatic toxicol-
ogy and both assume that the science has developed
sufficiently that these activities are feasible and desira-
ble.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Aquatic biology, 'Water pollu-
tion, Assessments, Instructions, Hazards, National
government, 'Water quality criteria.
PB85-114080	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
New Techniques for Imaging and Analyzing Lung
Tissue. Journal article,
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC. Dept. of Pa-
thology.
V. L. Roggli, P. Ingram, R. W. Linton, W. F. Gutknecht,
and P. Mastin. C1984,24p EPA/600/J-84/124
Grants EPA-R-805460, EPA-R-807560
Prepared in cooperation with Research Triangle Inst.,
Research Triangle Park, NC., and North Carolina Univ.
at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Chemistry.
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v56 p163-
183 1984.
The recent technological revolution in the field of imag-
ing techniques has provided pathologists and toxicolo-
gists with an expanding repertoire of analytical tech-
niques for studying the interaction between the lung
and the various exogenous materials to which it is ex-
posed. Analytical problems requiring elemental sensi-
tivity or specificity beyond the range of that offered by
conventional scanning electron microscopy and
energy dispersive X-ray analysis are particularly appro-
priate for the application of these newer techniques.
Electron energy loss spectrometry, Auger electron
spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and
laser microprobe mass analysis each offer unique ad-
vantages in this regard, but also possess their own lim-
itations and disadvantages. Diffraction techniques pro-
vide crystalline structural information available through
no other means. Bulk chemical techniques provide
useful cross-checks on the data obtained by microana-
lytical approaches. It is the purpose of this review to
summerize themethodology of these techniques, ac-
knowledge situations in which they have been used in
addressing problems in pulmonary toxicology, and
comment on the relative advantages and disadvan-
tages of each approach.
Keywords: 'Lung, 'Imaging, "Medical equipment,
Tissues(Biology), Pathology, Toxicology, Exposure,
Reprints, Toxic substances.
PB85-114106/HSU	PC A07/MF AOI
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Acid Deposition System (ADS) for Statistical Re-
porting: System Design and User's Code Manual,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
C. R. Watson, and A. R. Olsen. Sep 84, 132p PNL-
4826, EPA/600/8-84/023
Contract DE-AC06-76RLO-1830
This document is a general purpose description of the
ADS data management system. It explains to acid pre-
cipitation monitoring network managers how their data
is being merged with that from other networks. For the
researcher, this document defines what information is
available in ADS. It is not a user's guide, nor is it a pro-
grammer's maintenance guide, however, both the user
and the programmer should read it.
Keywords: "Information systems, "Manuals, "Air pollu-
tion, "Statistical analysis, Computer programs, Sites,
Design criteria, "Acid rain, "Acid deposition system.
PB85-114114/HSU	PC A11/MF AOI
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Toxics '95: Outlook of Factors and Trends for
Toxic Chemicals,
Coates (J.F.), Inc., Washington, DC.
V. T. Coates, L. Heinz, J. Coates, and T. Monk. May 84
233p EPA/560/4-84/002
Contract EPA-68-01 -6287
The objective of this project is to assist the Office of
Toxic Substances in identifying the factors and trends
that will shape the next decade of toxic substances
control and thereby support OTS' long-term policy and
budget planning. The core of this document, Chapter
2, is three heuristic scenarios of the chemical industry
in 1995. One scenario envisions the results of 'rapid
evolution,' another the results of 'multidimensional
change,' and the third a state of relative 'stability.' The
authors have grounded these scenarios in their ideas
generated from wide ranaing reading and discussions
during two Toxics '95 workshops.
Keywords: "Chemical compounds, "Chemical indus-
try, "Environmental surveys, Trends, Forecasting,
Economic analysis, Regulations, Technology, Toxicol-
ogy, National government, Pesticides, "Toxic sub-
stances, Chemical feedstocks.
PB85-114247/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Department of Agriculture Extension Service, Wash-
ington, DC.
Best Management Practices for Agricultural Non-
point Source Control. 4. Pesticides,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. Dept. of Biologi-
cal and Agricultural Engineering.
R. P. Maas, S. A. Dressing, J. Spooner, M. D. Smolen,
and F. J. Humenik. Sep 84,96p* ES/NWQEP-84/02
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Water Planning Div. Pre-
pared in cooperation with North Carolina Agricultural
Research Service, Raleigh.
The overall purpose of this report is to identify and
evaluate Best Management Practices (BMPs) for re-
ducing pesticide contamination of aquatic systems
from agricultural nonpoint sources (nps). Since the
1950's pesticide inputs to water resources have
become increasingly recognized as a serious, perva-
sive and yet largely unqualified problem. The report
reviews documentation of pesticide-related water re-
source use impairments, and examines the transport
modes of five major pesticide classes. This information
is used to develop estimates of pesticide input reduc-
tions which can be accomplished by various classes of
BMPs (soil and water conservation practices, improve-
ments in application techniques, and integrated pest
management programs).
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Water pollution control, Sur-
face water runoff, Insecticides, Management, Spray-
ing, Efficiency, Chlorine organic compounds, Phospho-
rus organic compounds, Leaching, Vaporizing, Tria-
zines, Nitrogen heterocyclic compounds, Quatenary
ammonium salts, Soil conservation, Farm crops, Fruit
trees, Toxicity, Best management practices, Nonpoint
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB85-114692/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program. Relationship
of Urban Runoff to Land Use and Groundwater
Resources. Final rept. 1980-84,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Div. of Air
and Water Resources.
J. D. Milligan, I. E. Wallace, and R. P. Betson. Mar 84,
322p TVA/ONRED/AWQ-84/1
Grant EPA-P-004109-01-8
This document presented data collected by TVA under
an agreement with the Knoxville-Knox County Metro-
politan Planning Commission, with respect to quantity
of rainfall, runoff, and groundwater flow, and with re-
spect to quality, of rainfall, dry precipitation, and storm-
water runoff. Various statistical and numerical analy-
ses of these data have been performed with the aim of
providing a data base amenable to a local perspective
interpretation, which information is also included.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Water pollution, "Urban areas,
Stream flow, Rainfall, Snowmelt, Ground water, Drain-
age, Watersheds, Land use, Carbonates, Metals, Nu-
trients, Tables(Data), "Storm water runoff, "Water
quality data, Knoxville(Tennessee), Knox
County(Tennessee).
PB85-115012/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, MO.
Region VII.
Carbon Monoxide Nonattainment Study for Wich-
ita, Kansas. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
G. Schewe. Sep 84, 102p EPA/907/9-84/007
Contract EPA-68-02-3512
In order to comply with the NAAQS for CO in Wichita,
Kansas, a special study was necessary to demon-
strate that a special purpose monitor (SPM) located on
Douglas Street would give results less than the
NAAQS by 1987. The SPM site is located near the
urban core in an area characterized by high nighttime
traffic volumes and congested traffic flow. Excee-
dances of the 8-hour NAAQS were measured in 1983
and early 1984. A dispersion modeling analysis was
performed using the CALINE-3 Model for dispersion,
the MOBILE-3 Model for vehicle emissions, and local
or national traffic and ambient conditions. Background
concentrations were derived from other monitors in
the area. Results of modeling the SPM site for baseline
(1983) emissions indicate agreement within about 10
percent of maximum measured CO concentrations.
For 1987 the SPM is projected to be in compliance. An
alternate CO receptor location was proposed on
Broadway in order to avoid the downtown cruising phe-
nomena and to offer a more representative site for
evaluating the attainment/nonattainment status of
Wichita. Results indicate CO concentrations less than
the NAAQS in 1983 and about half of the NAAQS in
1987. Transportation control measures are recom-
mended to decrease the time needed to achieve com-
pliance at the SPM site.
Keywords: "Carbon monoxide, "Air pollution, "Mathe-
matical models, 'Monitors, Sites, Exhaust emissions,
Concentration(Compositlon), Sampling, Traffic, Gas
detectors, Kansas, "Air pollution sampling,
Wichita(Kansas), MOBILE models.
PB85-115137/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Meteorological Factors Responsible for High CO
(Carbon Monoxide) Levels In Alsskan Cities. Final
rept.,
Alaska Univ., Fairbanks. Geophysical Inst.
S. A. Bowling. Oct 84,92p EPA/600/3-84/096
Grant EPA-808485
High winter carbon monoxide levels in Anchorage, as
in Fairbanks, are due to intense nocturnal (ground-
based) inversions persisting through the periods of
maximum emissions and at times throughout the day.
The problem is exacerbated by the large amounts of
carbon monoxide emitted during cold starts at low
temperatures. The Anchorage situation is unusual in
that the nocturnal inversion develops most often with a
substantial north-south pressure gradient and easterly
geostrophic winds. The Chugach Range to the east
sometimes produces a 'wind shadow' effect in the city,
and almost all the CO violations examined occured in
these conditions. There is evidence that inversions are
significantly stronger, and dispersion conditions prob-
ably worse, near the mountain front than at the airport
weather observation station. CO forecasting in An-
chorage would require close cooperation between the
U.S. NOAA Weather Service and the Municipality; im-
provement in communications between the Fairbanks
North Star Borough and the Weather Service is also
essential if the quality of the Fairbanks CO forecasts is
to be improved. Measurements of mixing heights in
Fairbanks suggest that a mixing height of 10 m be con-
sidered the maximum for worst-case modeling of sur-
face-source pollutants; values as low as 6 m were ob-
served. As an interim measure, similar values are rec-
ommended for Anchorage.
Keywords: "Carbon monoxide, "Meteorology, "Alaska,
"Air pollution, Concentration(Composition), Forecast-
ing, Wind(Meteorology), Exhaust emissions, Sources,
Sampling, Graphs(Charts), Rural areas, Cities, Sites.
PB8S-11S145/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Hot Flue Gas Spiking and Recovery Study for Te-
trachlorodibenzodioxins (TCDD) Using Modified
Method S and SASS (Source Assessment Sam-
pling System) Sampling with a Simulated Incinera-
tor. Final rept. May 81-Feb 82,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
M. Cooke, F. DeRoos, and B. Rising. Oct 84,29p EPA/
600/2-84/159
Contract EPA-68-02-2686
The report gives results of an evaluation of the sam-
pling and analysis of ultratrace levels of dibenzodiox-
ins using EPA's recommended source sampling proce-
dures (Modified Method 5 (MM5) train and the Source
Assessment Sampling System-SASS). A gas-fired
combustion system was used to simulate incineration
flue gas, and a precision liquid injection system was
designed for the program. The precision liquid injector
was used to administer dilute solutions of 1,2,3,4-te-
trachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1,2,3,4-TCDD) directly into
a hot-260C (500F)-flue gas stream. Injections oc-
curred continuously during the sampling episode so
that very low gas-phase concentrations of 1,2,3,4-
TCDD were continuously mixed with the flue gases.
Recoveries were measured for eight burn experi-
ments. For all but one, the recoveries could be consid-
ered quantitative, demonstrating efficient collection by
the EPA sampling systems. In one study, the compo-
nents and connecting lines from a sampling device
were analyzed separately to show where the 1,2,3,4-
TCDD deposited in the train.
Keywords: "Incinerators, "Air pollution control, "Haz-
ardous materials, "Materials recovery, Flue gases,
Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Sampling,
Performance evaluation, Trace Elements, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons,
Waste recycling, "Air pollution sampling, "Dibenzo-
dioxin/tetrachloro, EPA method 5, Source assessment
sampling systems.
PB85-115152/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of Trained Visible Emlaalon Observers
for Fugitive Emission Opacity Measurement. Final
rept. 1 Oct 80-1 Oct 81,
Eastern Technical Associates, Raleigh, NC.
T. H. Rose. Oct 84,26p EPA/600/3-84/093
Contract EPA-68-02-3480
A smoke generator was modified to emit white or black
smoke in a horizontal direction near ground-level to
simulate fugitive emissions. Observers were placed at
a slightly higher elevation than the smoke generator
and were then shown smoke plumes at four different
opacity values against a dark terrestrial background.
They read the opacities of the smoke and recorded
their observations. The observers also evaluated
smoke plumes from a conventional vertical emitting
smoke generator under the same clear sky lighting
conditions to determine that the observers had no bias
when viewing normal plumes. For the white smoke, the
observer's opacity readings of the simulated fugitive
emission plumes were not significantly different than
the opacity readings of the conventional plumes for
opacities around 15-20%. Above 20% opacity, the ob-
server readings of the white fugitive plumes become
increasingly lower than the vertical plume readings. At
40% opacity, they were lower on average by about 8%
opacity. For the black smoke, the observer readings of
the simulated fugitive plumes were lower at all opacity
levels. At 15% opacity, they were on average lower by
about 5% opacity, and at 40% opacity, they were
lower by about 11 % opacity. For both white and black
simulated fugitive emission plumes, the observers sen-
sitivity to changes in opacity levels declined relative to
the conventional verticle stack plumes.
Keywords: "Opacity, "Visibility, "Air pollution, Plumes,
Smoke, "Fugitive emissions.
PB85-115160/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Validation of an Emission Measurement Method
for Inorganic Arsenic from Stationary Sources:
Proposed Method 108. Laboratory and Field Test
Evaluation. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
T. E. Ward, R. K. M. Jayanty, P. M. Grohse, W. F.
Gutknecht, and C. L. Bruffey. Oct 84,94p EPA/600/4-
84/080
Contract EPA-68-02-3767
Prepared in cooperation with PEDCo-Environmental,
Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) has listed inorganic arsenic emissions as a
hazardous air pollutant. USEPA proposed Method 108
for the measurement of these emissions from station-
ary sources has been subjected to validation studies in
this work. Laboratory and field studies were per-
formed. Laboratory studies included analysis of labora-
tory samples, preparation and analysis of liquid and
filter audit samples, and sample stability determina-
tions. Field studies included determination of the preci-
sion of the method in the measurement of inorganic ar-
senic emissions from stationary sources at the two in-
dustries currently subject to the USEPA proposed inor-
ganic arsenic emissions regulations. Considering the
sampling sites and the variability of process oper-
ations, these results indicate a highly acceptable
degree of precision. Literature reviews to reveal the
sources of emissions are reported. Recommendations
are made for improving the method.
Keywords: "Arsenic inorganic compounds, "Air pollu-
tion, Laboratory design, Field tests. Sources, Sam-
pling, Sites, Regulations, Performance evaluation,
Standards, Glass industry, Chemical analysis, Industri-
al wastes, *EPA method 108, "Stationary sources, "Air
pollution sampling, "Air pollution detection.
PB85-115178/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH. Quality Assurance Branch.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Method
Study 28, PCB's (Polychlorinated Blphenyls) in Oil.
Project rept. Sep 81-May 84,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
S. M. Sonchik, andR. J. Ronan. Oct 84,91p* EPA/
600/4-84/078
Contract EPA-68-03-3006
This report describes the experimental design and the
results of the validation study for two analytical meth-
ods to detect polychlorinated byphenyls in oil. The
methods analyzed for four PCB Aroclors (1016,1242,
1254, and 1260), 2-chlorobiphenyl, and decachlorobi-
phenyl. The first method consisted of diluting the oil in
hexane and analyzing by gas chromatography using
an electrolytic conductivity detector in the separating
with sulfuric acid extraction or with column chromatog-
raphy, and analyzing by gas chromatography using an
electron capture detector. Four oils types were used in
this study: capacitor fluid, hydraulic fluid, transformer
oil, and waste oil. Each oil was spiked at six concentra-
tion levels with comprised three Youden pairs. Capaci-
tor fluid was spiked with Aroclor 1016, hydraulic fluid
with Aroclor 1242 and 2-chlorobiphenyl, transformer
oil with Aroclor 1260 and decachlorobiphenyl, and
waste oil with Aroclor 1254. Statistical analyses and
conclusions presented in this report are based on ana-
lytical data obtained by eighteen participating laborato-
ries and two volunteer laboratories. The two methods
are assessed quantitatively with respect to the preci-
sion and accuracy that can be expected for each. In
addition, various aspects of the methods are dis-
cussed, including such topics as method detection
limits, sample stability interferences, and qualitative
assessment of the methods based upon comments by
the participating laboratories.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Laboratory design, "Chemical analysis,
"Oils, Stability, Insulating oil, Hydraulic fluids, Capaci-
tors, Hazardous materials, Gas chromatography, Sam-
pling, Chlorine organic compounds, "EPA method 28,
"Polychlorinated biphenyls, "Liquid wastes, Aroclor
1016, Aroclor 1242, Aroclor 1254, Aroclor 1260, Bi-
phenyl/chloro, Phenyl/decachloro, Electron capture
detectors.
PB85-115186/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Interim Protocol for the Automated Analysis of
Semivolatile Organic Compounds by Gas Chroma-
tography/Fourler Transform Infrared (GC/FT-IR)
Spectrometry. Rept. for Oct 83-Jul 84,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab,, Las Vegas,
NV.
D. F. Gurka. Oct 84,44p EPA/600/4-84/081
The application of gas chromatography/Fourier trans-
form infrared (GC/FT-IR) data to regulatory decisions
requires the availability of validated analytical proto-
cols. Such protocols are necessary for the generation
of reliable analytical data. A GC/FT-IR protocol is de-
scribed which is applicable to the determination of se-
mivolatile organic compounds in wastewater, soils,
sediments and solid wastes. The protocol is designed
for the high-throughput automated analysis of multi-
component environmental and hazardous waste ex-
tracts. Automated packed column GC/FT-IR identifi-
cation limits are approximately a factor of five higher
than the corresponding capillary GC/FT-IR values.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "Organic compounds,
"Environmental surveys, "Sediments, "Soils, "Hazard-
ous materials, Gas chromatography, Infrared spectros-
copy, Water pollution, Sampling, Air pollution, "Water
pollution detection, "Solid wastes, "Air pollution detec-
tion, Fourier transform spectroscopy.
PB85-115194/HSU	PC A99/MF E03
Proceedings: United States/Japan Conference on
Sewage Treatment Technology (8th) Held at Cin-
cinnati, Ohio on October 12-13, 1981 and Wash-
ington, DC. on October 19-20, 1981.
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Sep 84, 951 p* EPA/600/9-84/021
As part of joint interests in environmental matters be-
tween the United States and Japan, a Conference on
Sewage Treatment Technology is held at intervals of
about every 18 months. This publication contains
papers from the Japanese group and from the Ameri-
can side that were presented at the Eighth Conference
held in the United States. Subject matter covered in-
cluded sewage sludge dewatering, sludge incineration,
automatic monitoring of water quality in sewage treat-
ment, agricultural use of sewage sludge, assessment
of the vertical well chemical reactor, anaerobic treat-
ment of municipal wastewater, cost-effectiveness and
water quality justification for advanced wastewater
treatment facilities, etc.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Meetings, Activated
sludge process, Dewatering, Sludge digestion, Inciner-
ators, Aerobic processes, Industrial waste treatment,
Pilot plants. Design, Food processing. Fishes, Flow
charting. Anaerobic processes, Sludge disposal, Cost
effectiveness, Japan, United States.
PB8S-115301/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Evaluation of Wind Measurements by Four Dopp-
ler Sodars. Rept. no. 5,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Boulder, CO. Wave Propagation Lab.
J. C. Kaimal, J. E. Gaynor, P. L. Finkelstein, M. E.
Graves, and T. J. Lockhart. Jul 84,120p
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Prepared in cooperation
with Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park,
NC., and Meteorology Research, Inc., Altadena, CA.
Measurements of wind speed, wind direction, and the
vertical component of turbulence, from four different
commercially available Doppler sodars, are compared
with similar measurements from in situ sensors on a
300 m instrumented tower. Results indicate that the
four sodars measure wind speed and direction accu-
rately and with reasonably high precision. The sodars
tended to overestimate the vertical component of tur-
bulence at night and to underestimate it during the day.
240 Vol. 90, No. 24
Precision in those measurements was considerably
poorer than for the averaged speeds and directions.
Keywords: "Wind(Meteorology), "Meteorological in-
struments, Doppler effect, Performance evaluation,
Wind velocity, Wind direction, Turbulence, Accuracy,
Towers, Comparison, Anemometers, Radiosondes,
Graphs(Charts), "Sodar.
PB85-115327/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Estimation of the Daily Average Food Intake by
Age and Sex for Use in Assessing the Radionu-
clide Intake of Individuals in the General Popula-
tion,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
V. Y. Yang, and C. B. Nelson. Oct 84, 37p EPA/520/1 -
84/021
A Nationwide Food Consumption Survey was conduct-
ed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) in
1977-78 to investigate the food intake of various se-
lected segments of the U.S. food intake patterns. In
this report data was used from the USDA survey to de-
termine food intake patterns by age and sex in the gen-
eral population and to establish food utilization factors
that can be used in assessing radionuclide intake
through food consumption by individuals in the U.S.
population.
Keywords: "Food consumption, "Surveys, "Popula-
tions, "United States, Age, Sex, Statistical data,
Tables(Data), "Radionuclide kinetics.
PB85-115798/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Overland Flow Treatment of Municipal
Wastewater in Florida. Final rept. Sep 80-May 84,
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Agricultural Engi-
neering.
A. Overman, and T. Schanze. Oct 84,200p* EPA/
600/2-84/163
Overland flow has been demonstrated as a feasible
method of treating municipal wastewater in most cli-
mates throughout the United States. However, opti-
mum design criteria for year round operation in warm
humid climates where primary and secondary pretreat-
ed wastewater have not been completed. Treatment
performance of four overland flow plots sodded with
native turf grasses were evaluated using both primary
and secondary municipal wastewater in northwestern
Florida. The prime objective of this study was to opti-
mize loading of both effluents to exceed secondary
wastewater discharge standards during year round op-
eration. The project was successful and has been
used as a pilot scale study for development of a
number of other full scale overland flow systems in
Florida.
Keywords: "Irrigation, "Sewage treatment, "Munici-
palities, Climate, Design criteria, Feasibility, Turf
grasses, Standards, Nutrients, Removal, Florida,
Land application, Overland flow, Sewage irrigation.
PBS5-11S806/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Overland Flow Treatment of Domestic
Wastewater in Northern Climates,
Wyoming Univ., Laramie. Dept. of Agricultural Engi-
neering.
J. Borrelli, V. R. Hasfurther, L. O. Pochop, and R. D.
Delaney. Oct 84,143p EPA/600/2-84/161
Overland flow has been demonstrated to be a feasible
method for treatment of either comminuted raw
sewage or primary effluent in northern climates similar
to Laramie, Wyoming during the warmer seasons of
the year (May through October). During the other six
months of the year, tne wastewater distribution system
can function without freezing. However, treatment ol
the effluent during this colder season using an applica-
tion cycle of eight hours per day, five days per week
would not consistently meet discharge requirements
and winter storage should be considered. Results of
the research indicated that in a northern climate up to
a year is required to establish adequate vegetation on
seeded plots to achieve treatment similar to that ob-
tained from plots with established vegetation. Re-
search of surge flow application of raw wastewater
(pulsating the water using on/off cycles) significantly
reduces the probability of orifice plugging.
Keywords: "Irrigation, "Sewage treatment, Waste dis-
posal, Seasonal variations, Freezing, Winter, Orifices,
Flow measurement, Wyoming, "Land application!
Sewage irrigation, Laramie(Wyoming), "Overland flow!
PB85-115822/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada
OK.
Closure Evaluation for Petroleum Residue Land
Treatment. Final rept. Nov 80-Jan 83,
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. School of Civil Engineering
and Environmental Science.
L. E. Streebin, J. M. Robertson, A. B. Callender, L.
Doty, and K. Bagawandoss. Oct 84, 219p EPA/600/2-
84/162
Three refinery land treatment sites which had ceased
applications for 6 months, 9 months, and 6 years previ-
ously were sampled to define existing conditions. Sam-
ples were collected during a 15-month study period. A
considerable variation existed in oil content between
the 3 sites. Concentrations greater than background
were detected as deep as 45-50 cm at all sites. Aver-
age oil content remained relatively constant at each
site during the study. Possible contributing factors to
apparent lack of degradation were long periods of ex-
tremely wet or dry soil, low soil N, and presence of per-
sistent hydrocarbons. Thirteen or more organic priority
pollutants were identified at each site; however, only
trace quantities were found below the till zone. Metals
were immobilized in top 25 cm of soil at all sites. Site 2
supported a lush growth of vegetation while sites 1 and
3 supported little or no vegetative growth. Grasses
were more tolerant than tree seedlings when planted
in areas having an oil content of 5-6 wt.%.
Keywords: "Crude oil, "Refineries, "Industrial waste
treatment, Sites, Sampling, Soils, Hydrocarbons,
Metals, Vegetation, Organic wastes, Degradation,
Plant growth, Grasses, "Land treatment, Heavy
metals.
PB85-115889/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Evaluation of Health Risks Associated with
Wastewater Treatment and Sludge Composting.
Summary rept. Jul 80-Oct 82,
Cincinnati Univ. Medical Center, OH. Inst, of Environ-
mental Health.
C. S. Clark, H. S. Bjornson, C. C. Linnemann, Jr., and P.
S. Gartside. Oct 84,294p EPA/600/1-84/014
The investigation included (1) a prospective study of
wastewater sludge compost workers, (2) serologic
analyses of wastewater-exposed workers, (3) a mortal-
ity study of former wastewater employees, and (4)
chemical analyses of specimens from a population
whose drinking water was contaminated with pesticide
waste dump leachate. The compost worker study in-
volved workers and controls in 3 cities. An excess of
skin, nose, and ear conditions was detected and tests
were suggestive of low-grade inflammatory response.
Aspergillus fumigatus were frequently detected in
throat and nasal swabs of compost workers and were
rarely detected in workers with little or no compost ex-
posure. Analysis of sera from wastewater workers re-
porting G.I. illness indicated that among inexperienced
workers Norwalk agent was associated with 13% of ill-
ness. Anti-HAV was not different among worker and
control groups. An analysis of 815 death certificates
from former wastewater workers revealed that for rela-
tively rare causes of death, leukemia and cancer of the
esophagus, the proportions of workers with these
causes of death was about twice as many as expect-
ed.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, Serology, Mortality,
Chemical analysis, "Health risks, "Water pollution con-
trol, Sludge composting, Toxic substances.
PB85-115897/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Water Enforcement and Permits.
NPDES (National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System) Compliance Inspection Manual.
SRA Technologies, Inc., Arlington, VA.
Jun 84,175p"
Contract EPA-68-01 -6514
The manual consolidates and amplifies the inspection
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
types (i.e., compliance evaluation or compliance sam-
pling inspection, etc.) it is based on compliance in-
spection activities (i.e., sampling, flow measurement,
etc.). This structure makes the manual a flexible tool
that can be used regardless of changes in inspection
types because the inspector can refer to specific chap-
ters relative to a particular activity.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, "Water pollution control,
"Industrial waste treatment, Inspection, Manuals,
Sampling, Flow measurement, Licenses, Standards,
Requirements, Safety, Reporting, Evaluation, Regula-
tions, National Pollution Discharge Elimination System.
PB8S-115905/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Chromium.
Final Report,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
D. Basu, K. Blackburn, B. Harris, M. W. Neal, and F. W,
Stoss. Aug 84,357p* EPA/600/8-83/014F
See also PB83-252205.
The full document represents a comprehensive data
base that considers all sources of chromium in the en-
vironment, the likelihood for its exposure to humans,
and the possible consequences to man and lower or-
ganisms from its absorption. This information is inte-
grated into a format that can serve as the basis for
qualitative and quantitative risk assessments, while at
the same time identifying gaps in our knowledge that
limit accurate health assessment. Thus, it is expected
that this document may serve the information needs of
other government agencies and the private sector that
may be involved in decision making and regulatory ac-
tivities.
Keywords: "Chromium, "Public health, "Environmental
surveys, "Air pollution, Assessments, Industrial hy-
giene, Toxicology, Risk, Exposure, Regulations, Ad-
sorption, Concentration(Composition), Soil, Water pol-
lution, Bioassay, Transport properties, Metabolism,
Chemical analysis, Sampling, "Air pollution
effects(Humans), "Occupational safety and health,
Path of pollutants.
PB85-115939/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of tha Particulate Laval* Occurring
under 1.0/1.2 g/ml Nitrogen Oxide Standards for
Light Duty Diesel Vehicles and Light Duty Diesel
Trucks. Technical rept..
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
R. Kanner. May 84,11 p EPA/AA/SDSB-84/2
This report compares the projections of particulate
emissions at low levels of Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) made
in the EPA Diesel Particulate study to actual 1984 Cali-
fornia certification particulate levels.
Keywords: "Particles, "Exhaust emissions, "Nitrogen
oxides, "Air pollution, Comparison, Trucks, Motor vehi-
cles, "Diesel engine exhaust, "Light duty vehicles.
PB85-116036/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Turbulence Parameters Impacting Dlaperalon In
an Urban Convectlve Boundary Layer,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J. M. Godowitch, and J. K. S. Ching. Oct 84,16p EPA/
600/D-84/255
Turbulence measurements of the three dimensional
wind components were collected by an instrumented
research aircraft on 7 days in August 1976. These air-
craft flights were conducted as part of the Regional Air
Pollution Study (RAPS) urban boundary layer field pro-
gram in St. Louis, Missouri. The focus of this research
was to determine the magnitude and variation of char-
acteristics of vertical velocity fluctuations in the after-
noon convective boundary layer from data obtained at
150 m above ground. The vertical velocity time series
for 22.5 km length segments were evaluated to obtain
quantitative information on upward and downward tur-
bulent motions in the urban convective boundary layer.
Results of analysis revealed that vertical velocity distri-
butions for both urban and nonurban segments dis-
played positive skewness and negative mode. In addi-
tion, the results of comparisons of the size of the larg-
est updraft, convective boundary layer height, and the
vertical velocity spectral peak wavelength are present-
ed.
Keywords: "Urban areas, "Boundary layer flow, "Air
pollution, Comparison, Wind velocity, Aerial surveys,
"Regional air pollution study, Saint Louis(Missouri).
PB85-116044/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Application of a Hazard Aasessment Research
Strategy to the Ocean Disposal of a Dredged Ma-
terial: Exposure Assessment Component,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
J. F. Paul, V. J. Bierman, Jr., W. R. Davis, W. R. Munns,
Jr., and G. L. Hoffman. Oct84,90p EPA/600/D-84/
256
The exposure assessment component of the aquatic
portion of the Field Verification Program (FVP) relates
the source input of the dredged material contaminants
to the corresponding concentration distributions in
space and time in the vicinity of the disposal mound.
The specific objectives for this component are: (1) de-
termine the environmental exposure field at the biolog-
ical effects measurement stations in the water column
(polagic zone), in the sediments (benthic zone), and at
the near-bottom/sediment-water interface (epibenthic
zone), (2) relate the source (dredge disposal mound)
to the near-field exposure measurements using proc-
ess models for the vertical transport of contaminants
and particulate materials, and (3) determine the envi-
ronmental processes controlling contaminant phase
partitioning.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Marine biology,
"Ocean environments, "Water pollution, Spoil, As-
sessments, Exposure, Aquatic animals, Sites, Chemi-
cal analysis, Metals, Sediments, Adsorption, Degrada-
tion, Ocean temperature, Salinity, Graphs(Charts), Bio-
assay, Mussels, "Ocean waste disposal, Marine dis-
posal, Trace metals, Sediment water interfaces.
PB85-116051/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
GC/MS (Gas Chromatograph/Mass Spectrometer)
Data Management Process. Part 1. User's Guide,
Version 1.0,
Cincinnati Univ. Computing Center, OH.
D. P. Ryan, and J. P. Donnelly. Oct 84,46p EPA/600/
4-84/083
See also PB85-116069.
The GC/MS Data Management Process (DMP) is an
example process for reducing measurement and iden-
tification data produced by a GC/MS to that necessary
for input to the EPA sample file control system. This
example is structured for a Finnigan Incos Data
System. The user's guide (Part I) explains the com-
mands available to the user and the resulting outputs.
It explains the links between the modules. Examples
are also provided for assistance. Some modules which
were intended to be part of this package are not yet
available in Version 1.0. A companion report (Part II)
documents those programs.
Keywords: "Gas chromatography, 'Mass spectrosco-
py, "Water analysis, "Chemical analysis, "Environ-
mental surveys, Information systems, Water quality.
Microorganisms,	Sediments,
Concentration(Composition), Bacteria, Quality control,
Water pollution, "Solid wastes, "Water pollution detec-
tion.
PB85-116069/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
GC/MS (Gas Chromatograph/Mass Spectrometer)
Data Management Proceaa. Part 2. Program Docu-
mentation. Version 1.0,
Cincinnati Univ. Computing Center, OH.
D. P. Ryan, and J. P. Donnelly. Oct 84,175p EPA/600/
4-84/084
See also PB85-116051.
The GC/MS Data Management Process (DMP) is an
example process for reducing the measurement and
identification data produced by a GC/MS to that nec-
essary for input to the EPA sample file control system.
This example is structured for a Finnigan Incos Data
System. The DMP consists of sixteen programs written
in Fortran IV for Data General minicomputers. Each
module is described in a section of the Program Docu-
mentation (Part II) along with flow charts, output
sample formats, and variable description lists. The
Fortran source code is attached. A User's Guide (Part
I) for this process is also available.
Keywords: "Spectrochemical analysis, "Data process-
ing, "Environmental impacts, Gas chromatography,
Fortran, Organic compounds, Mass spectroscopy,
Computer application, Sampling, Chemical analysis.
PB85-116077/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Rationale and Basic Design for Experimental
Acidification of a Lake Ecosystem in Northern
Wisconsin,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. G. Eaton. Oct 84, 11 p EPA/600/D-84/254
A multidisciplinary, integrated study of acidification of a
45-acre lake (Little Rock Lake) in Vilas Co., Wisconsin
was begun on August 1, 1983. Two nearly-equal
basins of the lake will be separated by a removable
plastic barrier and one basin acidified while the other
serves as a simultaneous reference or control. The
basic experimental design consists of a two-year prea-
cidification (baseline condition) study period, a 4-year
incremental acidification phase, and a one or more
year recovery phase.
Keywords: "Acidification, "Little Rock Lake, Experi-
mental design, Tests, Aquatic animals, Fishes, Feasi-
bility, Exposure, Barriers, Wisconsin, Ecosystems.
PB85-116085	Not available NTIS
Surface Area of Calcium Oxide and Kinetics of
Calcium Sulfide Formation. Journal article,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
R. H. Borgwardt, N. F. Roache, and K. R. Bruce.
C1984,10p EPA/600/J-84/129
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Environmental
Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in Environmental Progress, v3 n2 pi 29-135 May
84.
The article gives results of measurements of the reac-
tion rates of H2S and COS with micrometer-size cal-
cined limestone particles, as a function of the B.E.T.
surface area of the CaO over the range of 5.8 to 79 sq
m/g. Reactivity increased with the 2.3 power of specif-
ic surface area and showed an apparent activation
energy of 31 kcal/mol for both reactions. Results indi-
cate that the specific surface area existing immediately
after the decomposition of CaC03 is a critical variable
affecting sulfur capture by limestone injected in coal
burners. Measured rates are adequate to predict effi-
cient capture by CaS formation at combustion tem-
peratures for the expected values of CaO surface
area.
Keywords: "Reaction kinetics, "Surface chemistry,
"Air pollution control, "Burners, "Electric power plants,
Calcium oxides, Chemical reactions, Limestone, Com-
bustion products, Industrial wastes, Hydrogen sulfide,
Carbon monoxide, Injection, Performance evaluation,
Reprints, "Calcium sulfides, "Injection multistate burn-
ers.
PB85-116093/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Improved Techniques for Removal of Sediments
Contaminated with Hazardous Materials,
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
R. S. Wetzel, A. N. Tafuri, and J. R. Sinclair. Oct 84,
14p EPA/600/D-84/253
Contract EPA-68-03-3113
Prepared in cooperation with Coast Guard, Washing-
ton, DC.
Realizing the need to improve the capabilities of re-
sponse personnel in dealing with cleanup operations
involving contaminated sediments, the U.S. Coast
Guard and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
have jointly funded a research project to: (a) identify,
characterize, and classify chemicals that sink and are
amenable to recovery by dredging and/or other tech-
niques such as in-situ treatment; (b) review the state-
of-the-art of contaminated sediment management
technology to document and identify improved meth-
odologies for handling and disposing of contaminated
sediments.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Sediments, "Water
pollution control, Dredging, Identifying, Classifications,
Organic compounds, Field tests, Equipment, improve-
ment, Waste disposal, Cleanup operations.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB85-116101/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Role of Biological Assessment in Effluent Control,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
D. I. Mount. Oct 84,19p EPA/600/D-84/252
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency issued a
water-quality based policy in March, 1984 which in-
cludes control of toxicity in effluents if receiving water
impact occurs. Toxicity tests can be used to measure
toxicity, estimate additional removal necessary to
avoid impact, establish permit limits and for compli-
ance monitoring. Toxicity tests are a direct measure of
the effect for which control is sought and often are
cheaper than chemical analyses.
Keywords: "Toxicity, 'Water pollution control,
"Streams, Tests, Cost effectiveness, Aquatic animals,
Aquatic plants, Environmental impacts, Measurement,
Evaluation.
PB85-116119/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Barriers to the Transmission of Waterborne Dis-
ease,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
G. S. Logsdon, and J. C. Hoff. Oct 84,44p EPA/600/
D-84/259
The multiple barrier concept is applied by public health
professionals as they attempt to prevent waterborne
transmission of communicable diseases. This chapter
discusses two water treatment techniques, filtration
and disinfection, that are commonly used to provide
barriers to disease transmission. The portion of this
work on filtration includes information on rapid rate
granular media filtration, slow sand filtration, and diato-
maceous earth filtration. Capabilities of these process-
es to reduce concentrations of viruses, bacteria, and
cysts are presented. Design and operational factors
that influence filter performance are discussed. Gener-
al considerations related to disinfection are given, after
which the microbial inactivation capabilities of chlorine
species (free and combined), chlorine dioxide, and
ozone are discussed. This chapter contains informa-
tion on inactivation of a variety of microorganisms, in-
cluding coliforms, Giardia cysts, and poliovirus.
Keywords: 'Diseases, Barriers, Public health, Filtra-
tion, Performance, Disinfection, 'Waterborne dis-
eases.
PB85-116127/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Removal of Heavy Metals by Artificial Wetlands.
Final rept. 17 Mar 82-16 Mar 83,
San Diego Region Water Reclamation Agency,
Santee, CA.
R. M. Gersberg, S. R. Lyon, B. V. Elkins, and C. R.
Goldman. Oct 84, 13p EPA/60O/D-84/258
Prepared in cooperation with Ecological Research As-
sociates, San Diego, CA., and California Univ., Davis.
Artificial wetlands have been operated successfully for
treatment of municipal wastewater for a number of
years at several locations in this country. However, the
capability of these systems to treat heavy metal laden
municipal wastewater had not previously been investi-
gated. The artificial wetland system at Santee, Califor-
nia which is normally used for polishing secondary mu-
nicipal wastewater was evaluated for treatment of cad-
mium, zinc and copper. These metals were added to
the influent waste stream in high concentrations during
a one-year study and wetland effluent was tested to
determine their removal efficiency. Their removal effi-
ciency ranged from an average of 97 percent for zinc
to over 99 percent for the two other metals.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, "Municipalities, Field
tests, Metals, Cadmium, Zinc, Copper, Removal, Effi-
ciency, Performance evaluation, California, 'Wetlands,
"Land application, Heavy metals, Santee(California).
PB85-116135/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
OHMSETT (Oil and Hazardous Materials Simulated
Environmental Test Tank) Tests of TOSCON
(Texas Oil Spill Control, Inc.) Weir Skimmer and
Gravity Differential Separator,
Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc., Leonardo,
NJ.
D. C. Gates, and K. M. Corradino. Oct 84, 31 p EPA/
600/D-84/260
Contract EPA-68-03-3056
An evaluation of the effectiveness of the Texas Oil
Spill Control, Inc. (TOSCON) weir skimmer and gravity
differential separator was conducted at the U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency's Oil and Hazardous Ma-
terials Simulated Environmental Test Tank (OHM-
SETT) facility in October 1982. The skimmer was de-
signed to operate at intake rates up to 227 cubic
meters per hour (cu m/hr) alone and up to 11.4 cu m/
hr when operated with the oil/water separator. Recov-
ery efficiency and oil recovery rate were the criteria
used to measure the skimmer's performance with re-
spect to oil slick thickness, propeller speed, waves,
and tow speed. Separator performance was judged by
its effectiveness in separating an oil and water disper-
sion with respect to percent water in the oil effluent
and oil concentration in the water effluent samples.
The independent variables used in testing the separa-
tor were flow rate and oil concentration of the influent
liquid.
Keywords: "Skimmers, "Separators, "Water pollution
control, Performance evaluation, Tests, Dispersing,
Recovery, Flow rate, Liquids, Effectiveness, "Oil spills.
PB85-116143/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Dyebath Reuse Saves Money and Reduces Pollu-
tion,
Sverdrup and Parcel and Associates, Inc., St. Louis,
MO.
J. Bergenlhal, J. Eapen, A. Tawa, and W. Tincher. Oct
84, 9p EPA/600/M-84/002
Contract EPA-68-02-3678
Prepared in cooperation with Bigelow Sanford, Inc.,
Greenville, SC. and Georgia Inst, of Tech., Atlanta.
The article discusses an evaluation of the potential for
wastewater recycle or reuse in textile finishing mills.
Over a dozen recycle technologies were evaluated in
six separate mills. Results of these preliminary studies
showed that most of the recycle technologies were
technically feasible, but only a few were cost effective:
synthetic size recovery and reuse, caustic recovery
and reuse, direct wastewater reuse (e.g., countercur-
rent washing), and direct dyebath reuse. The last-men-
tioned was singled out for further study because it was
seen as having several advantages: low capital cost
for implementation, substantial processing cost sav-
ings, significant environmental benefits, and the poten-
tial for widespread use in the industry. It is estimated
that about half of all textile dyeing is performed by
batch operations, including most knit fabric, hosiery,
and yarn, along with substantial amounts of carpet and
some woven fabric. Dyebath reuse technology was
first developed by the Georgia Institute of Technology
about 10 years ago, but few mills have adopted it to
date.
Keywords: "Textile finishing, "Materials recovery,
"Dyes, 'Water pollution control, Industrial waste treat-
ments, Technology, Fabrics, Cost analysis, 'Liquid
wastes, 'Waste recycling.
PB85-116150/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Updated Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity As-
sessment of Cadmium: Addendum to the Health
Assessment Document for Cadmium (May 1981)
EPA-600/8-81-023. External Review Draft,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
L. D. Anderson, S. Bayard, D. L. Bayliss, R. P. Beliles,
and N. A. Tanchel. Apr 84,185p EPA/600/8-83/025B
See also PB82-115163.
This draft document evaluates the mutagenicity and
carcinogenicity of cadmium, supplementing an earlier
document (Health Assessment Document for Cadmi-
um, May 1981) which dealt with all health effects.
Since the earlier document was prepared, a rat inhala-
tion carcinogenicity study has been reported and sev-
eral epidemiology and mutagenicity papers have been
published. This draft document tentatively concludes
that: (1) there is evidence suggesting that cadmium
and certain cadmium compounds are weakly mutagen-
ic; (2) cadmium chloride aerosol induces lung cancer in
rats; (3) injected cadmium salts induce injection site
sarcomas and testicular tumors in both mice and rats;
(4) there is limited epidemiologic evidence that inhaled
cadmium induces prostate and/or lung cancer in
highly exposed workers; (5) there is no evidence that
cadmium is carcinogenic via ingestion, which is a
major route of human exposure, and the upper limit of
potency via ingestion is at least 200 times less than via
inhalation.
Keywords: 'Cadmium, 'Toxicology, 'Mutagens, 'Car-
cinogens, Assessments, Epidemiology, Laboratory
animals, Air pollution, Industrial hygiene, Exposure,
Cadmium chloride, Malignant neoplasms, Public
health, Risk, 'Toxic substances, 'Environmental
health, 'Cadmium compounds, Occupational safety
and health, Air pollution effects(Humans), Air pollution
effects(Animals).
PB85-116176/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Stochastic Convectlve-Disperslve Transport
Model for Wastes Disposed at the 106-Mlle Ocean
Disposal Site,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
H. A. Walker, J. F. Paul, and V. J. Bierman, Jr. Oct 84,
43p EPA/600/D-84/257
A two-dimensional, stochastic, convective-dispersive
transport model was developed to predict expected di-
lutions for wastes disposed at the 106-Mile Ocean Dis-
posal Site. The major model assumptions were: (1)
wastes were completely mixed vertically and remained
in the upper mixed layer, (2) the expected center of
mass of a discrete dump of material was transported
from the disposal site with the mean horizontal current,
(3) expected dispersion of a discrete dump of material
about its center of mass was determined by the vari-
ance and correlation structure of current velocities,
and (4) the expected plume from a series of dumps
over a period of time can be estimated by superimpos-
ing the expected distributions of the individual dumps.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'North Atlantic Ocean,
Mathematical models, Two dimensional flow, Dispers-
ing, Plumes, Ocean currents, Mixing, Dilution, Statisti-
cal analysis, 'Ocean waste disposal, 'Marine disposal.
PB85-116184/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Stability of Organic Audit Materials and Results of
Source Test Analysis Audita. Status Report
Number 8,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. K. M. Jayanty, W. F. Gutknecht, and C. E. Decker.
Oct 84,84p EPA/600/4-84/079
Contract EPA-68-02-3767
See also PB84-128578.
A repository of 44 gaseous compounds including hy-
drocarbons, halocarbon, and sulfur species has been
established under contract with the U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency (USEPA). The main objectives of
this on-going project are (1) to provide gas mixtures to
EPA, state/local agencies, or their contractors, as per-
formance audits to assess the accuracy of source
emission measurements in certain organic chemical
manufacturing industries, (2) to corroborate the ven-
dor's certified analysis of the gas mixtures by in-house
analysis, (3) to determine the stability of the gas mix-
tures with time by in-house analysis, and (4) to explore
the feasibility of new audit materials as requested by
EPA. Thus far, 29 compounds have been used to con-
duct 130 different audits. The results of these audits
and a description of the experimental procedures used
for analyses and available stability data are presented
in the status report. Seventy percent of the audit re-
sults are within 15 percent of the expected values.
Compound stabilities have been determined through
multiple analyses of the cylinders containing them
Stability data for up to 6 years is available for many
compounds and over 3 years for most compounds
Compounds that are unstable and not suitable for use
as an audit material are identified.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Hydrocarbons
'Halogen organic compounds, 'Auditing, *Air pollu-
tion, Stability, Chemical industry, Performance evalua-
tion, Toluene, Feasibility, Concentration(Composition)
State government, Mixtures, Tables(Data), 'Air quality
PB85-116192/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri.
angle Park, NC.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Evaluation of an ESCA (Electron Spectroscopy
for Chemical Analysis)/Leachate Analytical
Scheme to Characterize Process Stream Wastes.
Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
B. M. Myatt. Oct 84,138p GCA-TR-83-92-G, EPA/
600/2-84/156
Contract EPA-68-02-3129
The report gives results of an evaluation of the ability
of an ESCA/leachate analytical scheme to character-
ize solid waste from combustion processes and haz-
ardous waste incinerators. Samples were analyzed for
surface elemental composition by electron spectros-
copy for chemical analysis (ESCA) before and after
aqueous leaching. Selected elements were subjected
to oxidation state studies by ESCA, and leachates
were analyzed for anions by ion chromatography and
for trace metals by inductively coupled plasma spec-
trometry. The results of ESCA before and after leach-
ing compared favorably with leachate data. Although
aqueous leaching did not significantly affect the metal
species present in the samples used in this study, it did
extract considerable amounts of water-soluble ions:
sodium, calcium, chloride, and sulfate. Essentially all
samples showed an increase in oxygen after leaching
that was attributed to hydration by the aqueous extrac-
tion medium. ESCA can successfully speciate chromi-
um, lead, and zinc when these elements are sufficient-
ly abundant in the sample. The technique is limited,
however, by its ability to detect only those elements
present at > 0.1 to 1.0% atomic. Most process wastes
contain very low concentrations of metals, thereby
minimizing the suitability of ESCA for process waste
characterization.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Incinerators, "Solid
waste disposal, 'Chemical analysis, Leaching, Sam-
pling, Electron spectroscopy, Trace elements, Metals,
Quality assurance, Panicles, Sludge disposal, Fly ash,
Oxidation, *ESCA(Electron spectroscopy for chemical
analysis), Inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy,
Ion chromatography.
PB85-116291/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Incineration and Treatment of Hazardous Waste:
Proceedings of the Annual Research Symposium
(10th) Held at Ft. Mitchell, Kentucky on April 3-5,
1984.
JACA Corp., Fort Washington, PA.
Sep 84,195p* EPA/600/9-84/022
Contract EP A-68-03-3131
See also PB84-234525.
The Tenth Annual Research Symposium on Land Dis-
posal, Remedial Action, Incineration and Treatment of
Hazardous Waste was held April 3 through 5, 1984.
This volume is a compilation of speakers' papers and
poster presenters' abstracts for Session B, Hazardous
Waste Incineration and Treatment. Subjects include
innovative technology, lab-scale research projects,
pilot, and full-scale incineration projects, combustion
of hazardous waste in boilers and in industrial process-
es, and hazardous waste treatment and cost studies.
Keywords: "Incinerators, "Hazardous materials, "Solid
waste disposal, "Meetings, Economic analysis, Cost
analysis, Technology, Industrial wastes, Pilot plants,
Boilers, Field tests, "Waste management, "Land dis-
posal.
PB85-116333/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
AQUIRE: Aquatic Information Retrieval Toxicity
Data Base: Project Description, Guidelines, and
Procedures,
Montana State Univ., Bozeman. Fisheries Bioassay
Lab.
R. C. Russo, and A. Pilli. Jun 84,186p* EPA/600/8-
84/021
Grant EPA-R-807240
This manual provides guidelines for the AOUIRE data
base and procedures for encoding data from published
scientific papers on aquatic toxicity. These complete
instructions are intended primarily for those entering
data into AQUIRE, to insure uniformity of data interpre-
tation and entry. The manual will also be used for
AQUIRE users, to insure proper understanding of the
encoded data. The basic guidelines and procedures in
this manual were initially established in June 1981 for
the AQUIRE data base. They have undergone numer-
ous additions and refinements to accommodate infor-
mation encountered while reviewing papers as the
data base developed and expanded.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Information systems, "Guide-
lines, "Water pollution, "Manuals, Tables(Data),
Chemical compounds, Residues, "AQUIRE system,
Procedures, Bioaccumulation.
PB85-116564/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Supply.
Model State Information System Training Pro-
gram. Volume 11. Data Entry Instructions.
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Southwestern Ohio Regional
Computer Center.
Aug 77.382p
Contract EPA-GS-05S-10458
Supersedes PB-281 237.
This manual was designed to give the user of the
Model State Information System (MSIS) explicit in-
structions on how to fill out all input forms and turna-
round documents contained in the system. Each form
and document has a number assigned to it which was
developed as part of the documentation of MSIS.
Keywords: "Information systems, "Specialized instruc-
tion, Manuals, Instructors, Curricula, Methodology,
Water quality, Instructional materials, Data acquisition,
Documents, Instructional aids.
PB85-116853/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Methods/Materials Matrix of Ultimate Disposal
Techniques for Spilled Hazardous Materials. Final
rept. 15 Feb 77-7 Jul 80,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
B. W. Mercer, G. W. Dawson, J. A. McNeese, and E. G.
Baker. Oct 84,130p EPA/600/2-84/170
Contract EPA-68-03-2494
A study was undertaken to evaluate conventional and
novel methods for the ultimate disposal of spilled or re-
leased hazardous substances. Disposal methods stud-
ied include incineration, pyrolysis, landfllling, fixation,
biological treatment, and chemical treatment. Applica-
tions of and problems associated with each of these
disposal methods are discussed. Special emphasis is
given to spills of highly toxic and persistent hazardous
materials. An annotated matrix was prepared to pro-
vide a full assessment of conventional disposal op-
tions for each class of hazardous material and for mix-
tures thereof. The hazardous materials are grouped
according to physical/chemical properties and placed
in juxtaposition with the form (liquid, sludge) or compo-
sition of the spill residue containing the hazardous ma-
terial (e.g., mixtures with water, grass, sand, debris,
etc.). The disposal options are priority-ranked for each
given set of conditions. The annotation describes each
disposal option and evaluates the influence of spill-sit-
uation parameters on the disposal method with regard
to effectiveness, cost, safety, availability of equipment
and materials, and short and long-term hazards. Defi-
ciencies in conventional disposal methods, such as
secured landfills, are identified. An amended matrix,
which supplements the matrix based solely on conven-
tional methods, includes novel disposal methods that
show strong potential for filling some of the gaps in ex-
isting disposal technology.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Waste disposal, In-
cinerators, Pyrolysis, Earth fills. Fixation, Physical
properties, Chemical properties, Cost analysis, As-
sessments, Performance evaluation, "Hazardous ma-
terials spills, Resource conservation and recovery act,
Polychlorinated biphenyls, Chemical treatment, Bio-
logical industrial waste treatment.
PB85-117034/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
Mobility of Toxic Compounds from Hazardous
Wastes. Rept. for Jan 82-Dec 83,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
C. W. Francis, M. P. Maskarinec, and J. C. Goyert. Jul
84,279p EPA/800/4-84/069
The objective of this research was to develop a labora-
tory extraction method for solid wastes that simulates
concentrations of inorganic and organic constituents
in leachates that result from co-disposing industrial
wastes with municipal wastes in landfills (co-disposal
in a landfill containing a 95:5 ratio of municipal to in-
dustrial waste, respectively). The intent was to
produce a scientific rationale and a data base from
which an extraction method can be selected to simu-
late leaching of solid wastes co-disposed with munici-
pal wastes.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Wastes, "Mobility,
Extraction, Simulation, "Toxic substances, "Solid
wastes.
PB85-117042/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effect of Dredging Lilly Lake, Wisconsin. Final
rept.,
Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources, Madison.
R. C. Dunst, J. G. Vennie, R. B. Corey, and A. E.
Peterson. Nov 84,106p EPA/600/3-84/097
Grant EPA-R-804875
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Univ.-Madi-
son. Dept. of Soil Science.
Lilly Lake is located in southeastern Wisconsin. It has
a surface area of 37 ha and in 1977 had a maximum
depth of 1.8 m and a calculated infilling rate of 0.5 cm
per year. The basin contained up to 10.7 m of light-
weight, organic sediments. Recreational activity was
severely restricted due to periodic winter fish kills and
dense growths of macrophytes throughout the
summer. During the open water periods of 1978 and
1979, 683,000 cu m of sediment were removed with a
30-cm cutterhead dredge and transported via pipeline
to two disposal sites. The dredging operation deep-
ened the lake to a maximum of 6.6 m and afforded an
excellent opportunity to evaluate the inlake and dis-
posal site effects of the project. The inlake portion of
the investigation included an assessment of water
quality, aquatic biology, sediments, and hydrology
before, during, and after completion of dredging. The
evaluation of sediment disposal emphasized the
impact on the nearby groundwater system and the
value of using hydrosoils to enhance agricultural crop
production.
Keywords: "Dredging, "Lilly Lake, "Waste disposal,
Environmental impacts, Assessments, Water quality,
Sediments, Ground water, Aquatic biology, Phyto-
plankton, Abundance, Tables(Data).
PB85-117059/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Assessment of Hazardous Waste Surface Im-
poundment Technology Case Studies and Per-
spectives of Experts. Final rept. Sep 83-May 84,
Multidisciplinary Energy and Environmental Systems
and Appplications, Torrence, CA.
M. Ghassemi, M. Haro, and L. Fargo. Nov 84,314p
EPA/600/2-84/173
Contract EPA-68-02-3174
The available data were gathered for a large number of
case studies of hazardous waste surface impound-
ments (SI). Actual and projected performances were
compared. This collection, analysis and dissemination
of the accumulated experience can contribute signifi-
cantly to improving SI design, construction and oper-
ation. Nine facilities were reviewed and assessed.
They represent a range of industries, waste types and
volumes, ages, environmental settings, liner types and
designs, and systems for leak detection and ground-
water monitoring. In addition, nine interviews were held
with technical experts in four consulting engineering
firms, one waste management company, one liner fab-
ricator/installer, and regulatory agencies in three
states. Based on case studies and professional opin-
ions and experiences collected, recommendations for
research and development are presented.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, Assessments,
Design criteria, Technology, Industrial wastes, Regula-
tions, Earth fills, "Surface impoundments, Impound-
ments, Case studies, Solid wastes, State of the art.
PB86-117067/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Field Studies of Liner Installation Methods at
Landfills and Surface Impoundments. Final rept.
Jul 79-Jul 83,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
D. W. Shultz. Nov 84,69p* EPA/600/2-84/168
Grant EPA-R-806654
This study investigates procedures for subgrade prep-
aration and liner placement during the construction of
lined surface impoundments and landfills. Lining mate-
rials studied include admixes, soils and clays, sprayed-
on membranes, and polymeric membranes. Objectives
of the study were to identify methods and equipment
used for subgrade preparation and liner installation,
and to compare industry recommended procedures
with actual practice. The study also identifies special
problems that can be avoided by following proper
placement procedures. Emphasis is given to polymeric
membrane liners because most liners currently being
installed are of that type.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Ground water,
"Linings, "Earth fills, Transport properties, Perform-
ance evaluation, Permeability, Industrial wastes,
Sewage, Field tests, Membranes, Coverings, Polymer
films, 'Liquid waste disposal, "Impoundments, Re-
source conservation and recovery act.
PB85-117091/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Feasibility of Using Chemical Liners for Landfill-
ing Electroplating Sludges. Final rept.,
SCS Engineers, Inc., Long Beach, CA.
H. T. Phung, S. P. Shelton, P. Pagoria, and K. V.
LaConde. Nov 84,95p EPA/600/2-84/171
Contract EPA-68-01-5059
Seven (7) test cells, each measuring 24 m (8 ft) square
and 1.8 m (6 ft) deep, were constructed in native soil at
a segregated monolandfill to determine whether elec-
troplating sludges could be stored for possible future
metals recovery. Two cells each (replicates) were lined
with fly ash; two with hydrous oxides of iron; two with
agricultural limestone; the control was lined with native
bank sand. All cells were filled with approximately the
same mix of sludge (about 10,000 kg). A leachate col-
lection and monitoring program was initiated. Natural
rainfall was the only liquid added during the 30 months
of field evaluation. Leachate volume, pH, EC, Cr(VI),
Cr(lll), Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn were analyzed
on a monthly basis. Se, cyanide, B, and Hg were exam-
ined on a less frequent basis. No significant leaching
of heavy metals was observed. The excavated sludges
exhibited chemical and physical characteristics similar
to the raw sludges originally deposited, thus indicating
that future recovery of metals is possible. A cost analy-
sis was performed for full-scale chemical waste land-
fills utilizing each of the liner materials.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Linings, "Sludge disposal,
"Electroplating, "Metal industry, Feasibility, Metals,
Solid waste disposal, Leaching, Design criteria, Fore-
casting, Materials recovery, Performance evaluation,
Sites, Cost analysis, Water pollution control, Metal fin-
ishing, "Chemical liners, Heavy metals.
PB85-117109/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of Processed Municipal Wastes In
Landfill Cells,
Systech Corp., Xenia, OH.
J. M. Kemper, N. J. Kleinhenz, and J. T. Swartzbaugh
Nov 84,97p EPA/600/2-84/172
Contract EPA-68-03-2598
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) en-
gaged Systems Technology Corporation (SYSTECH)
to compare the leachates and gases produced by mu-
nicipal solid wastes (MSW) that were processed in var-
ious ways prior to landfilling. Beginning in January
1975, five tests cells (buried landfill simulators) were
monitored until August 1980. These five test cells con-
tained municipal refuse in the following conditions: (1)
shredded and baled, (2) baled, (3) baled and saturated
with water, (4) shredded, and (5) nonprocessed.
Leachate and gas samples were collected to deter-
mine moisture balances, leachate pollutant concentra-
tions, and gas compositions in order to evaluate the
processing methods. The baled wastes were found to
produce large quantities of dilute leachate, while the
shredded waste produced smaller quantities of more
concentrated leachate, compared to nonprocessed
waste.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Earth fills, Munici-
palities, Refuse, Processing, Monitoring, Test facilities,
244 Vol. 90, No. 24
Design, Gases, Methane, Carbon dioxide, Moisture,
Concentration(Composition), Metals, Temperature,
Comparison, Evaluation, Tables(Data), "Leachates.
PB85-117216/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Technical-Economic Study of Sewage Sludge Dis-
posal on Dedicated Land. Research development
rept.,
PEER Consultants, Inc., Rockville, MD.
L. A. Abron-Robinson, and L. W. Weinberger. Oct 84,
126p* EPA/600/2-84/167
Contract EPA-68-03-3018
This study documents the technical, cost, and environ-
mental factors for disposing of sludge on dedicated
land. Dedicated land is characterized by the practice of
applying sludge on land where sludge disposal is the
primary objective and other purposes such as im-
proved crop yields or land renovation are secondary.
Three general types of dedicated land operations have
been identified: Sludge is applied according to the nu-
trient needs of the crop. Cadmium application limits as
specified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) are not exceeded. Sludge is applied at rates
that supply more than the crops' nutrient requirements
and USEPA annual cadmium limitations are equaled or
exceeded. Sludge is applied at rates that greatly
exceed crop nutrient requirements and annual USEPA
cadmium limits are exceeded. This study gathered in-
formation on six sites, two of each type described
above to determine relative environmental impacts
and costs.
Keywords: "Cost analysis, "Sludge disposal, Farm
crops, Cadmium, Nutrients, Requirements, Sites, Envi-
ronmental impacts, Sampling, Soil properties, Ground
water, Chemical analysis, Water pollution, Corn, Yield,
Metals, Variable costs, Tables(Data), Runoff, "Land
application, Case studies.
PB85-117232/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Monitoring Approaches for Assessing Quality of
High Altitude Lakes: Colorado Flat Tops Wilder-
ness Area,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
B. P. Baldigo, and J. R. Baker. Oct 84,213p EPA/600/
7-84/088
Contract EPA-68-03-3050
Results of a joint U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency and U.S. Geological Survey sampling effort
conducted during 1982 and 1983 on three lakes in the
Flat Tops Wilderness Area of Colorado are summa-
rized. Ned Wilson, Oyster and Upper Island Lakes
were surveyed. They are representative of the range of
sensitive lakes in the area threatened by acid deposi-
tion. Biological and chemical lake characteristics are
assessed to determine efficient monitoring approach-
es for the three index lakes and similar lakes of the
area.
Keywords: "Aquatic biology, "Water pollution, "Lakes,
Sampling, Assessments, Algae, Growth, Zooplankton,
Phytoplankton, Fishes, Indicator species, Abundance,
Tables(Data), Ned Wilson Lake, Oyster Lake, Upper
Island Lake, Colorado, "Acid precipitation, Baseline
studies.
PB85-117240/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
injury and the Improved Recovery of Collform
Bacteria In Drinking Water. Final rept.,
Montana State Univ., Bozeman.
G. A. McFeters, M. W. LeChevallier, and M. J. Domek.
Oct 84,115p EPA/600/2-84/166
Grant EPA-R-807092
A study was conducted to answer basic questions
about the fate and handling of stressed indicator bac-
teria in aquatic environments. The importance of
stressed indicator bacteria in assessing water quality
has been gaining attention as microbiologists have dis-
covered the inaccuracy of present tools Tor recovering
indicator bacteria in water. The study examines the ef-
fects of laboratory manipulations on recovery of in-
jured indicator bacteria. These manipulations include
exposure to diluents, choice of enumeration medium,
and membrane filter surface pore morphology.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Bacteria, "Coliform bacte-
ria, Indicator species, Water quality, "Drinking water
"Bioindicators.
PB85-117976/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Volatility of In-Use Gasoline and Gasoline/Metha-
nol Blends. Final rept. 29 Feb 84-28 Sep 84,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
C. M. Urban. Sep 84,42p EPA/460/3-84/009
Contract EPA-68-03-3162
The report provides results of analyses for alcohol
content, volatility, and other properties of forty in-use
unleaded gasoline samples. Analyses conducted on
these fuels included: methanol, ethanol, and tertiary
butyl alcohol (TBA) quantitation; Reid vapor pressure;
distillation; water and lead content; and the calculation
of FEVI and El volatility indices. Twenty-two of the forty
samples contained between three and five percent
methanol. Most of the gasoline samples, including
those not containing methanol, contained several per-
cent TBA. Data obtained indicated the volatility of fuels
containing methanol and TBA were not significantly
different from that of fuels containing only TBA. The
data also showed an average RVP of 13.3 and 13.6 psi
respectively for these fuels, which, is above the maxi-
mum ASTM specified RVP of 11.5 psi for the Houston
area at the time these samples were taken.
Keywords: "Gasoline, "Volatility, "Alcohols, Petroleum
products, Fuels, Methanol.
PB85-118057/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Quality and Quantity of Leachate from Raw Mined
Colorado Oil Shale,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Agricultural
and Chemical Engineering.
D. B. McWhorter. Aug 84,16p EPA/600/D-84/143
This paper discusses an EPA sponsored study to
assess the potential environmental impacts of lea-
chates from raw mined western oil shales. This paper
presents the results of three years evaluation of the
quantity and chemical characterization of leachates
generated from onsite field collectors along with labo-
ratory shake tests on raw mined oil shales from the C-a
and C-b Federal lease tracts in western Colorado. The
findings are indicators of the levels of common and
trace species that can be expected to occur in field
generated raw shale leachates.
Keywords: "Mining, "Oil shale, "Water pollution, "Envi-
ronmental impacts, Chemical analysis, Tests, Collect-
ing methods, Volume, pH, Ions, Trace elements,
Leaching, Sampling, Water analysis. 'Water pollution
detection, "Leachates.
PB85-119006/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Facilities Evaluation and Long Term Planning
Study for the United States Environmental Protec-
tion Agency at Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
25 Jul 84,161 p
Prepared in cooperation with Odell Associates, Inc.
Charlotte, NC.
This study identifies space requirements for the United
States Environmental Protection Agency in the Re-
search Triangle Park, North Carolina, evaluates the
likelihood that the existing facilities will meet those
needs and leads ultimately to the conclusion that a
new consolidated facility to house most of the EPA ac-
tivities in the Park is necessary for EPA to accomplish
its research priorities in the 1990's.
Keywords: "Facilities, "Research projects, Environ-
mental surveys, Forecasting, Substitutes, "Environ-
mental protective agency.
PB85-119287/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, PA
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Westvaco Luke, Maryland Monitoring Program:
Data Analysis and Disperson Model Validation.
Final rept. Jul 81-Feb 83,
Cramer (H.E.) Co., Inc., Salt Lake City, UT.
J. F. Bowers, H. E. Cramer, W. R. Hargraves, and A. J.
Anderson. Jun 83,245p TR-83-153-01, EPA/903/9-
83/002
Contract EPA-68-02-3577
The Westvaco data set consists of detailed records of
hourly emissions, meteorological and S02 air quality
data collected in the vicinity of the Westvaco Corpora-
tion Paper Mill at Luke, Maryland during the period De-
cember 1979 through November 1981. The purpose of
the Westvaco monitoring program was to acquire the
data needed to select the most appropriate complex
terrain dispersion model for use in establishing an S02
emission limitation for the Luke Mill. The major objec-
tives of the work described in this report were to: (1)
analyze and evaluate the Westvaco meteorological
and air quality data in order to develop the most suita-
ble data set to evaluate complex terrain dispersion
models; and (2) use the Westvaco data set to evaluate
the performance of EPA's Valley, Complex I and Com-
plex II models, the H. E. Cramer Company's SHORTZ
model and Westvaco Corporation's Luke Mill Model
(LUMM).
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Mathematical models, "Tur-
bulent diffusion, "Paper industry, "Terrain models, Me-
teorology, Sulfur dioxide, Sampling, Performance eval-
uation, Maryland, "Atmospheric dispersion, "Air qual-
ity, "Air pollution sampling, Valley model, Complex I
model, Complex II model, Westvaco luke(Maryland).
PB85-119477/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Agricultural Sector Benefits Analysis for Ozone:
Methods Evaluation and Demonstration. Final
rept.,
Resources for the Future, Inc., Washington, DC.
R. J. Kopp, W. J. Vaughan, and M. Haziila. 15 Jun 84,
261 p* EPA/450/5-84/003
Contract EPA-68-02-3583
This report describes the development of an applied
model capable of using exogenously supplied agricul-
tural sector dose response information, agricultural
cost of production data, and air quality information to
estimate changes in producer and consumer welfare
due to changes in ozone exposures for agriculture.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Ozone, "Agricultural prod-
ucts, 'Economic models, "Benefit cost analysis, Expo-
sure, Photochemical reactions, Farms, Dosage, Fore-
casting, Mathematical models, "Air quality.
PB85-119485/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Evaluation of Complex Terrain Air Quality Simula-
tion Models,
TRC Environmental Consultants, Inc., East Hartford,
CT.
D. Wackter, and R. Londergan. Jun 84,256p EPA/
450/4-84/017
Contract EPA-68-02-3514
This report summarizes the results of a comprehen-
sive evaluation of eight air quality models applicable to
complex terrain. Seven of the models are 'Gaussian'
and one is 'numerical.' The models are evaluated with
data obtained from two field measurements programs.
The Cinder Cone Butte data base is for tracers re-
leased upwind of a dense sampler network for a limit-
ed number of hours. The Westvaco data base contains
a year of routine hourly S02 measurements for an 11
station network. The report includes numerous tabula-
tions of each model's performance in terms of statisti-
cal measures of performance recommended by the
American Meteorological Society. The purpose of the
report is two-fold. First, it serves to document for the
models considered, and similar models, their relative
performance. Second, it provides the basis for a peer
scientific review of the models. To stay within the spirit
of this latter purpose, the report is limited to a factual
presentation of information and performance statis-
tics. No attempt is made to interpret the statistics or to
provide direction to the reader, lest reviewers might be
biased.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Mathematical models, "Ter-
rain models, Electric power plants, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Sulfur dioxide, Performance
evaluation, "Air quality, "Gaussian plume models.
PB85-119493/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
Test Report for Getty Synthetic Fuels, Inc., Calu-
met City, Illinois. Final rept.
Engineering-Science, Fairfax, VA.
May 84,170p EPA/905/2-84/003
Contract EPA-68-01 -6312
The Getty Synthetic Fuels, Incorporated, landfill gas
processor located at C.I.D., Chicago, Illinois, was sam-
pled for organic compounds from three gas streams:
the inlet gas off the landfill, the discharge to the pipe-
line distribution system and an ambient vent. A liquid
stream was also sampled and analyzed for certain
metals as well as the organic compounds. Test results
indicate the presence in low levels of many of the com-
pounds presently being investigated as hazardous
substances. However, it was determined that the 'sale'
gas was relatively clean with respect to the inlet gas. It
was concluded that the condensate system is an ef-
fective hydrocarbon removal process.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Hazardous materials, "Air pol-
lution, "Gas analysis, Sampling, Illinois, Methane,
Carbon dioxide, Field tests, Gas chromatography,
Mass spectroscopy, Solid waste disposal, "Air pollu-
tion detection, "Getty Synthetic Fuels Incorporated,
Calumet City(lllinois).
PB85-119626/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, MO.
Region VII.
Cancer Mortality Excess In Counties of Missouri,
Iowa, Nebraska, and Kansas. Part 1. Report. Final
rept. 1968-77,
Kansas Univ. Coll. of Health Sciences and Hospital,
Kansas City. Dept. of Community Health.
J. S. Neuberger. 1 Sep 81,90p EPA/907/9-81 /015A
Contract EPA-K-0575-NTEX
See also PB85-127132.
Cancer mortality rates were calculated for white resi-
dents of 412 counties in Missouri, Iowa, Nebraska, and
Kansas for the 1968-1977 period. Comparisons were
made to data from the National Cancer Institute for the
1950-1969 period. The principal purpose of the study
was to look for consistently high rate cancer mortality
'hot spots'. Recommendations were to be made to
EPA as to further environmental and epidemiologic re-
search studies needed. It was concluded that a lung
cancer cluster in the old lead-zinc mining areas of Mis-
souri, Kansas, and Oklahoma deserved further investi-
gation.
Keywords: "Malignant neoplasms, "Mortality, Compar-
ison, Missouri, Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, Carcinogens,
Air pollution, Lead ores, Zinc ores, "Cancer.
PB85-119683/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Construction Grants -1985: Municipal Wastewater
Treatment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Municipal Construction Div.
Jul 84,403p* EPA/430/9-84-004
This book is a part of an ongoing effort to simplify and
delegate the municipal construction grants program.
This guide contains guidance to participants of EPA's
municipal construction grants program-this guidance
is discretionary and provides Information and sugges-
tions to help communities successfully plan, design,
and build municipal sewage treatment works.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Industrial waste treat-
ment, "Grants, "Municipalities, Construction, Project
planning, States(United States), Regulations, Design,
Manuals, Financing, Operating costs, Maintenance,
Environmental impacts, Government policies, Contract
administration, 'Sewage treatment plants, "Alternative
planning, "Clean Water Act Amendments of 1981.
PB85-120160/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Maumee River Basin Pilot Watershed Study.
Volume 3. Continued Watershed Monitoring
(1978-80),
Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center,
Wooster.
T. J. Logan. May 81,45p EPA/905/9-79/005C
Grant EPA-R-005353
See also PB80-170947.
The Maumee River was chosen to be one of four pilot
watersheds to be studied on the U.S. side of the Great
Lakes drainage basin as part of Task C-pilot water-
shed studies. This report represents the results of the
continued monitoring of three of the Defiance County
watersheds and the Hoytville plots for the period 1978-
1980.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Water pollution, "Maumee River
Basin, Sediment transport, Monitoring, Suspended
sediments, Soil erosion, Precipitation(Meteorology),
Sampling, Sites, Drainage, Cultivation, Fertilizers, Pes-
ticides, Ohio, "Agricultural watersheds.
PB85-120186/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Terbacil - Registration Standard.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs,
May 82, 85p EPA/540/RS-82/013
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Standards, "Pesticides, "Environmental
surveys, Regulations, Manufacturing, Toxicology,
Ecology, Chemical properties, Residues, Metabolism,
Nitrogen organic compounds, "Registration, "Terbacil,
Path of pollutants, Uracil/tert-butyl-chloro-methyl.
PB8S-120228/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Use of Toxic Screening Models for Drinking Water
Utility Management,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
R. M. Clark, J. A. Goodrich, B. W. Lykins, and W. M.
Grayman. Oct 84,44p EPA/600/D-84/266
Toxic Screening Models, as described in this paper,
provide an approach for identifying and assessing the
pollutants that are likely to be present in surface
waters used as water supplies. Specific uses of these
models include the following: identification and as-
sessment of communities whose water supplies could
be vulnerable to synthetic organics resulting from in-
dustrial and municipal discharges, or urban and agri-
cultural runoff, design and implementation of a water
quality monitoring program, and other water resource
planning efforts requiring information on the water
quality of surface waters.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Toxicity, "Mathematical
models, "Water treatment, "Water analysis, Water
supply, Industrial wastes, Sewage, Water quality,
Runoff, Public health, Risk, Chemical analysis, Agricul-
tural wastes, Organic compounds, Carcinogens, Sur-
face waters, Assessments, "Toxic screening models.
PB85-120848/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Biological Effects of Radiofrequency Radiation,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D. F. Cahill, and J. A. Elder. Sep 84,271 p* EPA/600/
8-83/026F
See also PB83-262550.
The document presents a critical review of the avail-
able literature on the biological effects of radiofrequen-
cy (RF) radiation. The objective was to summarize and
evaluate the existing database for use in developing
RF-radiation exposure guidance for the general public.
The frequency range of concern in this document is
0.5 MHz to 100 GHz, which includes nearly all the sig-
nificant sources of population exposure to RF radi-
ation, except 60-Hz electrical power systems. Re-
search reports that are judged to be credible according
to a set of objective criteria are examined for the rela-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tion between the RF energy absorbed and the pres-
ence or absence of biological effects. The reported
consequences of the interaction between RF radiation
and biological systems are examined from two per-
spectives: whole-body-averaged specific absorption
rate (SAR) and RF-energy-induced core-temperature
increases.
Keywords: "Radiation effects, "Electromagnetic fields,
Radio frequencies, Data bases, Public health, Dosime-
try, Body temperature, Exposure, Thermoregulation,
Physiological effects.
PB85-120947/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Bioaccumulatton of Toxic Substances Associated
with Dredging and Dredged Material Disposal.
Final rept.,
Fish and Wildlife Service, Ann Arbor, Ml. Great Lakes
Fishery Lab.
J. G. Seelye, and M. J. Mac. Feb 84, 54p EPA/905/3-
84/005
A literature review of sediment bioassessment was
conducted as the first step in the development of a
more standardized and ecologically sound test proce-
dure for evaluating sediment quality. Based on the
review, the authors concluded that (1) a standardized
laboratory bioassessment test should consist of flow-
through exposure of at least 10 days duration using
more than one aquatic organism including at least an
infaunal benthic invertebrate and a fish species. (2)
Before adoption of a laboratory sediment bioassess-
ment procedure, the laboratory results should be eval-
uated by comparison with field conditions. (3) Most
current sediment bioassessment regulatory tests
measure acute toxicity or bioaccumulation. Develop-
ment of tests to evaluate chronic, sublethal effects is
needed.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Spoil, "Aquatic animals, "Re-
views, Test methods, Laboratories, Evaluation, Dredg-
ing, Sediments, Inorganic compounds, Organic com-
pounds, "Bioassessment tests, Ecosystems, Bioaccu-
mulation.
PB8S-120962/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision K,
Exposure: Reentry Protection,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
J. D. Adams. 5 Oct 84, 58p EPA/540/9-84/001
This publication, Subdivision K of the Guidelines for
Pesticide Registration, is intended to support 40 CFR
158 requirements for data for the registration of pesti-
cides. Subdivision K, Exposure: Reentry Protection,
addresses means for protecting agricultural workers
from potential hazards of pesticide residues in previ-
ously treated fields. The primary goal is the establish-
ment of reentry intervals for those pesticides whose
toxicological properties and use-patterns indicate a
high potential for field-worker hazard. Criteria for data
requirements under 40 CFR 158.140 are listed, and al-
ternatives to reentry intervals are provided.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Guidelines, "Standards, As-
sessments, Toxicology, Field tests, Industrial hygiene,
Hazardous materials, Substitutes, Residues, Humans,
Sampling, "Registration.
PB85-120970/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Granular Activated Carbon for Removing Nontri-
halomethane Organics from Drinking Water.
Summmary rept. 1976-84,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
B. W. Lykins, Jr., E. E. Geldreich, J. Q. Adams, J. C.
Ireland, and R. M. Clark. Nov 84, 268p EPA/600/2-84/
165
Several large field scale research projects were initiat-
ed by the U.S. EPA Drinking Water Research Division,
MERL, Cincinnati, OH to evaluate the performance of
GAC under varying operating conditions and different
source water. Most of this research has been complet-
ed at nine locations (Cincinnati, OH; Manchester, NH;
Jefferson Parish, LA; Evansville, IN; Miami, FL; Hun-
tington, WV; Beaver Falls, PA; Passaic, NJ; and Thorn-
ton CO). Various carbons produced for organics re-
moval were evaluated at the nine locations. Oyer 150
specific organics were detected at these locations. In
246 Vol. 90, No. 24
addition to these specific organics, surrogate param-
eters such as total organic carbon and total organic
halide were used in many cases to determine GAC
performance. Most of these compounds were re-
moved by GAC. Also, microbiological data was evalu-
ated. Actual cost data associated with the construction
and operation of full scale research facilities were
summarized. In addition, cost estimates for various
GAC treatment scenarios were developed to examine
the effect of economies of scale and cost tradeoffs be-
tween alternative GAC treatment systems.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water treatment. Organic
compounds. Cost analysis, Performance evaluation,
Halogen organic compounds, Sites, Microbiology,
Design criteria, "Granular activated carbon treatment.
PB85-120988/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Some Concepts Pertaining to Investigative Meth-
odology for Subsurface Process Research,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
W. J. Dunlap. Oct 84,28p EPA/600/D-84/267
Problems of investigative methodology comprise a crit-
ical and often preponderant element of research to de-
lineate and quantitate processes which govern the
transport and fate of pollutants in subsurface environ-
ments. Examination of several recent research studies
illustrates that both laboratory and field (in-situ) meth-
odologies are useful in subsurface processes re-
search, but also clearly shows that such research in-
volves formidable methodological problems which
result primarily from the nature of terrestrial subsurface
environments. This causes major methodological
problems in acquiring authentic, uncontaminated sam-
ples of water and/or solids for analysis and microcosm
construction. Subsurface environments are also highly
structured and often exhibit significant heterogeneity
across relatively short distances, which causes difficul-
ties in determining proper locations for sample acquisi-
tion and in simulating subsurface environments in the
laboratory. Advances in a number of diverse areas, in-
cluding particularly geophysical methods, analytical
procedures, microcosm technology, and drilling,
coring, and well completion techniques, are required
for needed improvements in methodology for subsur-
face processes research.
Keywords: "Water pollution. Ground water, Aquifers,
Methodology, Sampling, Adsorption, Vaporizing, Field
tests. Subsurface processes, Microcosms.
PB85-120996/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Guidelines for Decontaminating Buildings, Struc-
tures, and Equipment at Superfund Sites. Interim
rept. Sep 83-Jun 84,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
M. P. Esposito, J. McArdle, J. S. Greber, and R. Clark.
Oct 84,16p EPA/600/D-84/265
Contract EPA-68-03-3190
Prepared in cooperation with Battelle Columbus Labs.,
OH.
This paper identifies contaminants most likely to occur
in buildings and structures or on removal equipment at
remedial sites. Steps for developing a general decon-
tamination strategy are enumerated. The paper also
announces a User's Guide or handbook that will be
published by the U.S. EPA as the final product of Con-
tract 68-03-3190. Additional research needs concern-
ing building decontamination are identified and the
need for documentation and verification of methods
currently in use is stressed.
Keywords: "Guidelines, "Decontamination, "Struc-
tures, "Hazardous materials, "Construction equip-
ment, "Buildings, Sites, Solid waste disposal, Earth fill,
Regulations, Environmental surveys, "Superfund pro-
gram.
PB85-121002/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Toxicological Data on Selected Hazardous Chemi-
cals and Possible Extrapolation to Man,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. J. Bull. Oct 84,63p EPA/600/D-84/261
The experimental evidence that chemicals commonly
found in drinking water possess carcinogenic proper-
ties is reviewed. Three types of sources for chemicals
in drinking water are examined; those which are con-
taminants of drinking water sources, those that arise
as by-products of drinking water treatment, and those
that arise in the distribution of drinking water. The evi-
dence for carcinogenicity of chemicals that has been
obtained from studies employing vegetable oil gavage
for carbon tetrachloride, dichloroethylene, trichloroeth-
ylene, tetrachloroethylene and chloroform is critically
examined. New evidence for the carcinogenicity of ac-
rylamide is reviewed and compared to earlier evidence
for epichlorohydrin carcinogenicity. Finally, the relative
carcinogenic activity associated with coal tar- versus
asphaltic-based paints used in water storage and dis-
tribution systems are compared.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Hazardous materials,
"Chemical compounds, "Potable water, "Water treat-
ment, Carcinogens, Byproducts, Water storage, Ex-
trapolation, Water pollution, Water distribution, Carbon
tetrachloride. Chloroform, Ethylene/dichloro, Ethyl-
ene/trichloro, Ethylene/tetrachloro, Water pollution
effects(Humans).
PB85-121010/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Textile Dyebath Reconstitution and Reuse,
Sverdrup and Parcel and Associates, Inc., St. Louis,
MO.
J. Bergenthal, R. Hendriks, W. Tincher, J. Eapen, and
A. Tawa. Oct 84, 22p EPA/600/D-84/262
Contract EPA-68-02-3678
Prepared in cooperation with Georgia Inst, of Tech.,
Atlanta, and Bigelow-Sanford, inc., Greenville, SC,
The paper discusses the recent demonstration of the
application of an important wastewater recycle tech-
nology (reconstitution and reuse of spent dyebath so-
lutions) to the textile industry. After several months of
bench and pilot testing, the technology was demon-
strated under production conditions for 2 weeks at a
major carpet mill in the Southeast. Of the 13 batch pro-
duction units (becks), 2 were used in the demonstra-
tion. The project showed how several technical prob-
lems, encountered using dyebath reconstitution at a
wide variety of textile mills, could be overcome, includ-
ing: selecting product styles and shades that can be in-
corporated in a dyebath reuse scheme; reformulating
dye recipes to use a single group of dyestuffs to dye
many shades; reusing dyebath on a portion of produc-
tion within the normal production schedule; producing
high-quality product with recycled dyebaths; and
adapting dyebath reuse procedures to the mill's stand-
ard dyeing procedures. The environmental benefits to
the mill were significant, even though dyebath reuse
was not practiced optimally: pollutant and water use
were reduced 25-50%; dyebath reuse was shown to
be economically attractive, with an 18-month payback
projected for the mill; and a capital investment of
$240,000 and a yearly operating cost of $5,000 could
save $180,000 per year if half of the mill's becks were
converted to reuse.
Keywords: "Textile industry, "Dyeing, "Water pollution
control, Industrial waste treatment, Economic analy-
ses, "Liquid wastes, "Waste recycling, Publicly owned
wastewater treatment.
PB8S-121028/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
in-Place Burning of Prudhoe Bay Oil in Broken
Ice,
Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc., Leonardo
NJ.
N. K. Smith, and A. Diaz. Oct 84, 27p EPA/600/D-84/
263
Contract EPA-68-03-3203
Small-scale and large-scale experiments were per-
formed at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's
OHMSETT facility to explore the range of conditions in
which oil slicks of Prudhoe Bay crude can be burned in
broken ice and to determine the efficiencies of such
burns. In laboratory experiments, the minimum slick
thickness to support combustion was found to be 2.5
mm on brackish water at temperatures from 2 to 6.5C.
Minimum slick thickness to support combustion ori
brackish water at temperatures from 18C to 22C was
found to be 2 mm. The wicking agent was found to vary
in effectiveness as a burn-enhancing agent. De-
creases in burn efficiency and burn rates were ob-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tests were performed in the OHMSETT tank with vary-
ing ice cover, volume of oil, and wave conditions. The
brackish tank water ranged in temperature from 3.8C
to7.7C during testing.
Keywords: 'Crude oil, *lce, "Combustion, "Water pol-
lution control, Tests, Brackish water, Thickness, Effi-
ciency, Burning rate, Water waves, Temperature, "Oil
slicks.
PB85-121036/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Biological Availability of Sediment Phosphorus
Inputs to the Lower Great Lakes,
Clarkson Coll. of Technology, Potsdam, NY. Dept. of
Civil and Environmental Engineering.
S. C. Martin, J. V. DePinto, and T. C. Young. Oct 84,
187p EPA/600/3-84/100
Grant EPA-R-807155
In this study, river water samples were collected from
several major tributaries to the Lower Great Lakes
during storm runoff events in the spring and early
summer of 1980 and 1981. Suspended sediments
from these samples were subjected to a chemical frac-
tionation sequence of NaOH-citrate, dithionite, and bi-
carbonate reagents-HCI, as well as algal bioassay
analyses of sediment P bioavailability using the Dual
Culture Diffusion Apparatus (DCDA) technique of De-
Pinto. Sediments from several of the bioassay experi-
ments were reconcentrated after the bioassays and re-
subjected to the chemical fractionation sequence.
Several other forms of P inputs to the Lower Great
Lakes were also analyzed for chemical composition
and/or bioavailability.
Keywords: "Phosphorus, "Sediments, "Water pollu-
tion, "Great Lakes, Sampling, Runoff, Suspended
sediments, Chemical analysis, Distillation, Sodium hy-
droxide, Chemical reagents, Sediment transport,
Algae, Bioassay, Particle size, Correlation, "Eutroph-
ication, Bioavailability.
PB85-121044/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Demonstration of a Maximum Recycle, Sides-
tream Softening System at a Petrochemical Plant
and a Petroleum Refinery. Final rept. May 80-Nov
83,
Houston Univ., TX.
J. V. Matson, W. G. Mouche, E. Rosenblum, and L.
McGaughey. Oct 84,219p EPA/600/2-84/176
New full-scale maximum recycle sidestream softening
systems at USS Chemicals, Houston, Texas and
TOSCO refinery, Bakersfield, California were evaluat-
ed as a technology to achieve zero wastewater dis-
charge. Softener process efficiency was optimum at a
pH control range of 10.3 to 10.5 at 40C and using a
high mixing intensity. A problem of heat exchanger bio-
fouling from the high dissolved organics in recycle
water was effectively controlled by using Bromocide
with chlorine. A total organic carbon balance over the
cooling water system showed raw makeup water and
process water contribute 1/3 and 2/3 of the organics,
respectively. Major organic sinks were drift (60%), bio-
degradation (30%), and volatilization (10%). Softener
sludge as analyzed for chromium by leachate tests
was classified as nontoxic. Heat exchanger equipment
averaged two mils/year internal corrosion. External
corrosion from drift aerosols was corrected by installa-
tion of a ferrous sulfate reactor in the blow down
system and improved drift eliminators in cooling
towers. The TOSCO water problem of high silica and
low magnesium was corrected by adding caustic and
magnesium sulfate to the softener. Both plants operat-
ed satisfactorily at near zero liquid discharge. Operat-
ing costs and benefits are discussed.
Keywords: "Petroleum industry, "Refineries, "Water
pollution control, Petrochemistry, Industrial waste
treatment, Operating costs, Cost analysis, Corrosion
prevention, Heat exchanger, "Petrochemical industry,
"Waste water reuse, Biofoullng.
PB85-121077/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cinclnnati,
OH.
UMr'c Manual for Premlnlng Planning of Eastern
Surface Coal Mining. Volume 3. Geology of East-
ern Coalfields. Final rept. Jun 75-Dec 81,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park.
R. R. Parizek, J. Sgambat, and M. L. Clar. Oct 84, 207p
EPA/600/7-84/098
Grant EPA-R-803882
See also PB-287086.
This volume is one of a series of six reports designed
to provide the surface coal mining industry and its reg-
ulators with a comprehensive review of the best avail-
able methods for extracting this valuable mineral re-
source while protecting the fragile environment. The
specific objective of this report is to summarize the re-
gional coal geology and the related natural resources.
The summary includes geomorphology, climate, water
resources, and soils and will serve as a background for
many of the hydrologic engineering and land use con-
siderations in the other reports.
Keywords: "Surface mining, "Coal deposits, "Geologi-
cal surveys, Manuals, Geomorphology, Climate, Water
resources, Tectonics, Fracture zones, Maps, Hydrolo-
gy, Topography, Drainage, Streams, Stratigraphy,
Overburden, Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, Pennsylvania.
PB85-121093/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Cold Regions Air Pollution: Bibliography and Sum-
mary,
Alaska Univ., Fairbanks. Geophysical Inst.
G. E. Weller, C. S. Benson, S. A. Bowling, T. A. Gosink,
and T. Oh take. Oct 84,92p* EPA/600/3-84/098
Prepared in cooperation with Alaska State Dept. of En-
vironmental Conservation, Fairbanks.
Through a series of workshops on cold climate envi-
ronmental research priorities, conducted in 1982 by
Battelle for the Environmental Protection Agency and
the Department of Energy, air pollution was identified
as the topic of highest priority. The current state of
knowledge on air pollution in cold climates was consid-
ered to be widely scattered in the published and 'gray'
scientific literature. One of the high priority projects of
air pollution research was therefore identified to be the
compilation of a bibliography and synthesis of what is
known and what is not known about air pollution in the
cold regions. This document is the result of that rec-
ommendation. The bibliography on air pollution com-
piled for these 'cold regions' includes papers on the
sources, species, concentrations, pathways, and ef-
fects of various kinds of air pollution, including phe-
nomena such as ice fog, and arctic haze which are pe-
culiar to the region. Most of the listed references apply
to Alaska; Fairbanks in particular, is strongly repre-
sented in the literature on ice fog, carbon monoxide,
automobile emissions, and other topics. The refer-
ences on arctic haze, a phenomenon which pervades
the entire Arctic Basin, are fairly extensive as are refer-
ences from northern Europe on haze, acid rain, and
other pollution problems.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Cold weather tests, "Bib-
liographies, Sources, Concentration(Composition), Ice
fog, Industrial wastes, Exhaust emissions, Combustion
products, Acid rain, Path of pollutants.
PB8S-121101/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Guidelines for Deriving Numerical Aquatic Site-
Specific Water Quality Criteria by Modifying Na-
tional Criteria,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
A. R. Carlson, W. A. Brungs, G. A. Chapman, and D. J.
Hansen. Oct 84,43p EPA/600/3-84/099
A major goal of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency is to directly link regulatory decision-making
regarding priority water bodies to the capacity of those
water bodies to receive wastewater discharges and
still maintain acceptable water quality. To assist states
in achieving this goal in a consistent, cost-effective
manner, the Office of Research and Development
(ORD) has developed a new approach to water quality
criteria derivation with the report 'Guidelines for Deriv-
ing Numerical Aquatic Site-Specific Water Quality Cri-
teria by Modifying National Criteria.' These guidelines
provide a series of protocols for modifying national
water quality criteria to reflect local environmental con-
ditions.
Keywords: "Sewage disposal, "Streams, "Water pollu-
tion, Decision making, Indicator species, Numerical
analysis, Physical properties, Chemical properties,
Toxicity, Aquatic animals, Correlation, Variability,
"Water quality criteria, Heavy metals.
PB85-121119/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Capital and O and M (Operation/Maintenance)
Cost Relationships for Hazardous Waste Inciner-
ation. Rept. for 1 Nov 81-1 Jul 83,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA.
R.J. McCormick, and R. J. DeRosier. Oct 84, 217p*
EPA/600/2-84/175
Contract EPA-68-02-3176
The objective of this study was to develop relation-
ships between capital and operation/maintenance
(O&M) costs for hazardous waste incineration and the
various waste-specific, design-specific, and operation-
al factors that affect these costs. These cost relation-
ships have been designed so that total capital invest-
ment, annual O&M cost, and unit (dollars per lb, etc.)
disposal cost estimates can be calculated for a variety
of waste compositions, different incineration system
designs and configurations, and a wide range of
system operating conditions and performance require-
ments. The input data specifications include physical/
chemical waste characteristics and throughput rates,
generic incinerator design type, capacity, and operat-
ing temperature, particulate and acid gas removal re-
quirements, energy recovery utilization, and operating
schedule.
Keywords: "Cost analysis, "Hazardous materials,
"Solid waste disposal, Incineration, Operating costs,
Design criteria, Maintenance, Temperature, Oper-
ations, Boilers, Investments, Storage, Conveyors, Flow
charts, Cost estimates, Capitalized costs, "Energy re-
covery.
PB85-121127/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Economics of Ground Freezing for Management
of Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites,
Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, NH.
J. M. Sullivan, Jr., D. R. Lynch, and I. K. Iskandar. Oct
84,39p EPA/600/D-84/270
Prepared in cooperation with Cold Regions Research
and Engineering Lab., Hanover, NH.
Ground freezing for hazardous waste containment is
an alternative to the traditional and expensive slurry
wall or grout curtain barrier technologies. The param-
eters quantified in this analysis of it include thermal
properties, refrigeration line spacing, equipment mobi-
lization and freezing time constraints. The economics
of the process is discussed based on the Poetsch
method for ground freezing. Vertical drill holes with
concentric refrigeration lines are spaced along the de-
sired freezing line. Temperature-measuring instrumen-
tation is appropriately placed to monitor the progress
of the freeze front. Plotting costs for equipment rental,
drill expenses, fuel costs and time as a function of re-
frigeration line spacing produces an overall expense
estimate that can be used to compare ground freezing
with other barrier construction technologies.
Keywords: "Cost analysis, "Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, Containment, Underground storage,
Freezing, Drilling, Piping systems, Refrigerators, Oper-
ating costs, Maintenance, Expenses, Comparison,
Barriers, Construction.
PB85-121135/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Environmental and Energy Benefits of Micro-
processor Control of Oven Airflows for a Coil
Coating Operation: A Case Study. Final rept.,
Chemical Coaters Association, Wheaton, IL.
C. H. Darvin, Nov 84,42p EPA/600/2-84/179
Prepared in cooperation with Centec Corp., Reston,
VA. Sponsored in part by Department of Energy,
Washington, DC.
In most industrial operations the percentage of the
lower explosive limit (LEL) of VOC emissions typically
remain at below 5 to 10 percent LEL at most metal
coating operations. Although monitors are available to
determine solvent concentration in the oven, the oven
requires manual corrective action to the process when
potentially explosive oven atmosphere are generated.
In 1982 a project was completed that developed and
demonstrated the viability of using microprocessor
technology to make VOC control of paint curing ovens
less expensive than present operations. This would be
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
accomplished by lowering oven ventilation air flow and
safely increasing LEL concentration to a maximum 50
percent. However, the demonstration system was not
operated at maximum LEU concentration, thus the ver-
satility of the system to operate at high LEL concentra-
tion was not determined. This project evaluates the
system at a commercial facility while operating at a
concentration approaching 50 percent LEL. Included
in the report is a description of the oven modification at
the Prior Coated Metals Coil Coating facility in Allen-
town, Pennsylvania and the oven operating conditions
before and after the modifications. Also included is the
operating economics of the oven and VOC control
system.
Keywords: "Monitors, 'Metal coatings, 'Paintings, "Air
pollution control, 'Ovens, 'Air flow, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, Concentration(Composition),
Industrial wastes, Explosions, Revisions, Curing,
'Energy conservation, "Volatile organic compounds,
"Microprocessors, Computer applications.
PB85-121143/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Atmospheric Transport of Toxaphene to Lake
Michigan,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor.
C. P. Rice, P. J. Samson, and G. Noguchi. Nov 84 68p
EPA/600/3-84/101
Atmospheric levels of toxaphene were monitored
during the summer and fall of 1981 at 4 locations:
Greenville, Mississippi, St. Louis, Missouri, Bridgman,
Michigan, and Beaver Island, Michigan. Each collec-
tion was conducted by continuously sampling air
during the first two weeks of the months of August,
September, October, and November. The collected
toxaphene was analyzed on a capillary equipped elec-
tron capture gas chromatograph. The average con-
centrations over the entire sampling period for each
site were 7.39 ng/cu m in Greenville, 1.18 ng/cu m in
St. Louis, and 0.27 ng/cu m for Lake Michigan (Bridg-
man and Beaver Island combined). The summer
versus fall fluctuations in amount of toxaphene at each
site was 0.44 ng/cu m versus 0.26 ng/cu m for Bridg-
man; 1.73 ng/cu m versus 0.63 ng/cu m for St, Louis;
and 9.05 ng/cu m versus 4.34 ng/cu m for Greenville.
The maximum monthly average occurred in Septem-
ber for all of these collections. Diagnostic modeling to
describe possible air transport of toxaphene showed
that at all receptor locations the air transport corridor
for toxaphene was associated with southerly winds.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Lake Michigan, Trajectories,
Monitoring, Chlorine organic compounds,
Concentration(Composition), Seasonal variations,
Chromatographic analysis, Wind(Meteorology),
Tables(Data), Mississippi, Missouri, Michigan, 'Toxa-
phene.
PB85-121150/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evaluating the Condition of Asbestos-Cement
Pipe,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
J. R. Millette, G. S. Logsdon, P. J. Clark, and R. N.
Kinman. Oct 84, 33p EPA/600/D-84/269
Pieces of asbestos-cement pipes obtained from water
distribution systems and laboratory investigations
were studied with a scanning electron microscope, an
X-ray analysis unit, and two types of hardness testing
instruments. Rockwell 'L' hardness measurements
and modified Shore 'D' durometer readings were
found to be related to the depth to which calcium has
been lost from a pipe exposed to aggressive water.
The calcium loss was measured by an X-ray analysis
technique performed in a scanning electron micro-
scope. The modified durometer showed promise as a
field instrument for determining the extent to which as-
bestos-cement pipe had been attacked by aggressive
water.
Keywords: "Asbestos, "Pipelines, "Water distribution
systems, "Potable water, 'Water pollution, Laboratory
design, X ray analysis, Public health, Field tests, Water
supply, Exposure.
PB85-121168	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Corvallis, OR.
Above- and Belowground Emergent Macrophyte
Production and Turnover in a Coastal Marsh Eco-
system, Georgia. Journal article,
Georgia Univ., Sapelo Island. Marine Inst.
248 Vol. 90, No. 24
J. P. Schubauer, and C. S. Hopkinson. c1984, 17p
EPA/600/J-84/130
Pub. in Limnology and Oceanography v29 n5 p1052-
1065 1984.
Seasonal patterns of aboveground plant mass and the
depth distribution of live roots, rhizomes, and dead be-
lowground organic matter were measured for Spartina
alterniflora and Spartina cynosuroides in Georgia tidal
marshes. Peak live aboveground biomass was 1,6x
higher for S. cynosuroides than for S. alterniflora. Live
biomass was 2.4x more belowground than above-
ground for S. cynosuroides and 1,7x for S. alterniflora.
Rhizomes made up 76 and 87% of live belowground
biomass during the year. Mirrored patterns of biomass
accumulation and loss in above- and belowground tis-
sues during the year suggest the importance of sea-
sonal storage and redistribution of organic matter.
(Copyright (c) 1984, by the American Society of Lim-
nology and Oceanography, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Sea grasses, "Marshes, Measurement,
Biomass, Depth, Humus, Primary biological productivi-
ty, Seasonal variations, Coasts, Georgia, Reprints, Salt
marshes, "Spartina,
PB85-121184/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Systems Reliability and Performance: Pilot-Scale
Incineration of Chlorinated Benzenes at the Com-
bustion Research Facility. Rept. for Aug 83-Jan 84,
Versar, Inc., Pine Bluff, AR. Southern Operations.
F. C. Whitmore, R. W. Ross, Jr., R. L. Durfee, C. F.
Fowler, and D. H. Sargent. Oct 84, 240p EPA/600/2-
84/174
Contract EPA-68-03-2128
A series of 34 test burns was conducted between
August 1983 and January 1984 in the pilot-scale rotary
kiln incineration system at the USEPA Combustion Re-
search Facility (CRF), using chlorinated benzenes as
surrogate Principal Organic Hazardous Components
(POHCs), over a range of feed compositions, POHC
feed rates, rotary kiln temperatures, and afterburner
temperatures. The CRF rotary kiln system consistently
produced Destruction and Removal Efficiency (DRE)
values above 99.99% for the chlorinated benzenes
POHCs. DRE values below 99.99% were obtained
during several types of failure mode simulations
(flame-out in kiln or afterburner). A large number of
Products of Incomplete Combustion (PICs) were pro-
duced and identified, a number of which are toxic or
possibly carcinogenic. Deliberate reduction of excess
air levels resulted in significant production of soot and
PICs but did not produce higher levels of CO in the
combustion gases. Hot-zone sampling just down-
stream of each of the two combustion chambers pro-
vided for the detailed study of PIC formation and will
facilitate the future development of models of the in-
cineration process. Helium injection techniques were
used to determine combustion gas flow rates and to
measure residence time distributions (which directly
affect destruction efficiencies). This report was submit-
ted in fulfillment of Contract 68-03-3128 by Versar, Inc.
under the Sponsorship of the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency.
Keywords: 'Incinerators, "Hazardous materials,
'Chlorobenzenes, "Kilns, "Air pollution control, Pilot
plants, Performance evaluation, Quality assurance, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Regulations,
Gas analysis, 'Liquid waste disposal, "Air pollution de-
tection, Polychlorinated biphenyls.
PB85-121226/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Summary of Design Information on Rotating Bio-
logical Contractors,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
J. A. Heidman, R. C. Brenner, and W. G. Gilbert. Sep
84, 54p EPA/430/9-84/008
See also PB84-199561.
This summary document presents in a concise form
essential information on the design, construction, op-
eration, and application of the rotating biological con-
tractors (RBC's). It is intended to provide a Dasic un-
derstanding of the process and its application for the
treatment of municipal wastewater.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Industrial waste treat-
ment, "Water pollution control, Design criteria, Equip-
ment, Performance evaluation, Organic compounds,
Nitrification, Energy consumption, "Rotating biological
contractors.
PB85-121234/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Financial Management System for Publicly-Owned
Treatment Works (Accounting Options).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Jun 84, 315p EPA/430/9-84/005
Contract EPA-68-01-6591
This manual presents a design for a financial manage-
ment system for a 'typical' publicly-owned treatment
works (POTW's) which generally consist of
wastewater collection and treatment systems for a
design capacity of 10 MGD or less.
Keywords: 'Financial management, 'Sewage treat-
ment, Accounting, Manuals, Sewers, Budgeting, Cash
flow, Expenses, Populations, Statistical analysis, Oper-
ating costs, Equipment, Depreciation, Maintenance,
Flow charting, Computerized simulation.
PB85-121325/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, USEPA
(United States Environmental Protection Agency),
Lansing, Michigan. Evaluation of Urban Storm-
water Runoff and Management Practices for Con-
trolling Urban Stormwater Runoff - Final Report
Rept. for 1979-83,
Tri-County Regional Planning Commission, Lansina
Ml.
D. Scherger, and J, Coleman. Aug 83,424p
Grant EPA-P-005425-01-0
See also PB84-210152. Prepared in cooperation with
Environmental Control Technology Corp., Ann Arbor,
Ml.Portions of this document are not fully legible.
This volume documents assessment of an on-line re-
tention basin, two in-line up-sized storm drain pipe
reaches, and an off-line detention basin as treatment
techniques in mitigating the pollutant impacts of urban
runoff, as well as the operating costs associated with
such installations. The on-line retention basin was
found to be very effective in treating a wide range of
rainfall amounts and pollutant loads. The in-line up-
sized stormdrain pipes displayed variable effective-
ness depending on rainfall amount and runoff volume.
The off-line detention basin had little or no effect ori
water quality.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Water pollution control, "Urban
areas, Watersheds, Water storage, Assessments,
Storm sewers, Sewer pipes, Rainfall, Sewage treat-
ment, Capitalized costs, Operating costs. Effective-
ness, Tables(Data), "Retention basins, Storm water
runoff.
PB85-121333/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Liner Materials Exposed to Hazardous and Toxic
Wastes. Final rept.,
Matrecon, Inc., Oakland, CA.
H. E. Haxo, Jr., R. S. Haxo, N. A. Nelson, P. D. Haxo
and R. M. White. Nov 84,280p EPA/600/2-84/169"
Contract EPA-68-03-2173
This exploratory experimental research project was
conducted (1975-1983) to assess the relative effec-
tiveness and durability of a wide variety of liner materi-
als when exposed to hazardous wastes under condi-
tions that simulate different aspects of service in on-
land waste storage and disposal facilities. The materi-
als studied included compacted soil, polymer-treated
bentonite-sand mixtures, soil cement, hydraulic as-
phalt concrete, sprayed-on asphalt, and 31 flexible
polymeric membranes based on polyvinyl chloride
chlorinated polyethylene, chlorosulfonated polyethytl •
ene, ethylene propylene rubber, neoprene, butyl
rubber, elasticized polyolefin, and polyester elastomer
Four semicrystalline polymeric sheetings (polybutv-
lene, low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethyU
ene, and polypropylene), though not compounded tar
use as liners, were included in the study because of
their known chemical resistance and use in applica-
tions requiring good chemical and aging resistance,
The lining materials were exposed in test cells to la*
actual waste liquids, including two acidic wastes, two
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
wastes, a pesticide waste, and an industrial waste. The
polymeric materials were also exposed to three media
of known composition, deionized water, 5% aqueous
solution of salt, and a saturated solution of low con-
centration (0.1%) of an organic, tributyl phosphate.
The experimental approach and methodology followed
are described. The polymeric materials were also ex-
posed to wastes or environmental conditions under a
variety of procedures which included primary one-side
exposure, immersion-type testing, two types of out-
door exposure, and a pouch test. Some of the expo-
sures were for as long as 2700 days. New methods for
the testing of polymeric materials are presented.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Linings, 'Durability,
'Materials tests, Exposure, Solid waste disposal, Poly-
meric films, Membranes, Industrial wastes, Pesticides,
Elastomers, Plastics, Tests, Performance evaluation,
'Toxic substances, Liquid waste disposal.
PB85-121507/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Battery Manu-
facturing Point Source Category. Volume 1. Sub-
categories: Cadmium, Calcium, Leclanche, Lithi-
um, Magnesium, Zinc. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Sep 84, 1117p* EPA/440/1-84/067-VOL-1
See also PB83-197921, and PB85-121515.
These documents provide the data and rationale used
to develop effluent limitations and standards for the
battery manufacturing point source category. The doc-
uments include a historical and technical summary of
battery manufacture and development. In addition they
provide a detail description of wastewater and control
technologies. This volume discusses cadmium, calci-
um, leclanche, lithium, magnesium, and zinc anode-
based subcategories.
Keywords: "Electric batteries, 'Water pollution control,
'Standards, "Guidelines, Manufacturing, Cadmium,
Calcium, Lithium, Magnesium, Zinc, Industrial waste
treatment, Technology, Cost analysis, "Point sources,
Leclanche, Best technology, New source performance
standards, Pretreatment(water).
PB85-121515/HSU	PC A99/MF E03
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Battery Manu-
facturing Point Source Category. Volume 2. Sub-
category: Lead. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Sep 84, 704p* EPA/440/1-84/067-VOL-2
See also PB85-121507.
These documents provide the data and rationale used
to develop effluent limitations and standards for the
battery manufacturing point source category. The doc-
uments include a historical and technical summary of
battery manufacture and development. In addition they
provide a detail description of wastewater treatment
and control technologies. Volume II is specific to the
lead anode-based subcategory.
Keywords: "Electric batteries, "Water pollution control,
'Standards, "Guidelines, Manufacturing, Lead(Metal),
Industrial waste treatment, Technology, Cost analysis,
"Point sources, Best technology, New source perform-
ance standards, Pretreatmentfwater).
PB85-121663/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Recommended Practice for Flow Measurement In
Wastewater Treatment Plants with Venturi Tubas
and Venturi Nozzles. Rept. for 1 Oct 78-30 Sep 81,
National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC.
G. Kulin. Nov 84,64p EPA/600/2-84/185
Venturi tubes and venturi nozzles are suitable for in-
plant flow measurement of raw influent, treated efflu-
ent, return activated sludge, certain digested sludges,
and for air and gas flows. However, they are not gener-
ally recommended for measurement of raw primary
sludge. For classical venturi tubes which operate
under optimum prescribed conditions, the primary-ele-
ment discharge coefficient is predictable to within a
basic uncertainty of about 1 percent. For standard ven-
turi nozzles this basic uncertainty ranges from about 1
percent to 2 percent. Errors in the secondary system
must be considered in addition to estimate the uncer-
tainty of the output measurement. However, non-
standard tubes and/or installations may require an ini-
tial field calibration of the primary-element coefficient
as well as the secondary system. The primary calibra-
tions are described in section 11.3 and usually involve
either volumetric or dilution methods, or comparison
with a reference meter.
Keywords: 'Flow measurement, 'Sewage treatment,
Venturi tubes, Nozzles, Acceptability, Activated sludge
process, Sludge digestion, Performance evaluation,
Calibrating, Errors, 'Sewage treatment plants, Venturi
nozzles.
PB85-121671/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Bibliography of Small Wastewater Flows, 1984.
Final rept. Jun 81-Mar 84,
West Virginia Univ., Morgantown.
S. P. Dix, and T. L. Karolchik. Nov 84, 368p EPA/600/
2-84/183
This publication contains abstracts of literature related
to innovative and alternative wastewater treatment
systems for small communities, and individual, on-site
systems. This is the second bibliographic volume. This
new volume supplements the first volume. The 1984
volume contains information abstracts that have been
added to the clearinghouse database since the publi-
cation of the 1979 Bibliography.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, "Bibliographies, Ab-
stracts, Septic tanks, Subsurface drainage, Sewage
disposal, Waste water, Filtration, Sewers, Rural areas,
Lagoons(Ponds), Sand filters, 'Small communities,
Gravity sewers, Pressure sewers, Vacuum sewers.
PB85-121713/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
OHMSETT (Oil and Hazardous Materials Simulated
Environmental Test Tank) Skimmer Test In Ice-In-
fested Waters,
Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc., Leonardo,
NJ.
J. S. Shum, andM. Borst. Nov 84,19p EPA/600/D-
84/264
Contract EPA-68-03-3203
The increase in petroleum development activities in
the arctic region has raised concerns over potential oil
spills during the broken ice season. Currently, explora-
tory drilling for oil and gas is restricted during this
season due to the lack of oil spill cleanup methods that
have been proven effective in broken ice fields. Test
programs have been conducted at the United States
Environmental Protection Agency's Oil and Hazardous
Materials Simulated Environmental Test Tank to deter-
mine the feasibility of cold-weather testing; and to
evaluate various oil spill cleanup methods that are
being considered for use in the arctic. This paper de-
scribes a test program conducted to determine the
practicality of using a catamaran-mounted rope mop
skimmer for spill cleanup in broken ice fields.
Keywords: "Skimmers, "Oil pollution, 'Ice, Test meth-
ods, Performance evaluation, Feasibility, Photographs,
Cold weather tests, 'Oil spills, Clean up.
PB85-121721/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Remedial Response at Hazardous Waste Sites.
Summary rept. Nov 81-Nov 83.
Environmental Law Inst., Washington, DC.
Mar 84,99p EPA/540/2-84/002A
Contract EPA-68-03-3113
See also PB85-121739. Prepared in cooperation with
JRB Associates, McLean, VA.
In response to the threat to human health and the envi-
ronment posed by numerous uncontrolled hazardous
waste sites across the country, new remedial action
technologies are evolving and known technologies are
being retrofitted and adapted for use in cleaning up
these sites. This report identifies and assesses the
various types of site response activities which have
been implemented, are in progress, or have been pro-
posed to date at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites
across the United States. A nationwide survey was
conducted in which 395 uncontrolled hazardous waste
sites across the U.S. were identified where some form
of remedial action was planned, was presently ongo-
ing, or has been completed. Each of these sites was
assessed and the results are presented. Based on
these survey findings, a total of 23 sites were selected
for detailed case study investigations. Case study re-
ports include extensive discussions of the remedial re-
sponses at each of the 23 sites with respect to tech-
nology, cost, and institutional framework. Technologi-
cal, cost, and institutional data for the 23 case study
sites are summarized in several user guidance indices.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Regulations, "Envi-
ronmental surveys, 'Public health, "Solid waste dis-
posal, Sites, Assessments, Technology, Cost analysis,
Surveys, Methodology, Management planning, "Liquid
waste disposal.
PB8S-121739/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Case Studies 1-23; Remedial Response at Hazard-
ous Waste Sites. Rept. for Nov 81-Nov 83.
Environmental Law Inst., Washington, DC.
Mar 84,873p EPA/540/2-84/002B
Contract EPA-68-03-3113
See also PB85-121721. Prepared in cooperation with
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
In response to the threat to human health and the envi-
ronment posed by numerous uncontrolled hazardous
waste sites across the country, new remedial action
technologies are evolving and known technologies are
being retrofitted and adapted for use in cleaning up
these sites. This report identifies and assesses the
various types of site response activities which have
been implemented, are in progress, or have been pro-
posed to date at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites
across the United States. A nationwide survey was
conducted in which 395 uncontrolled hazardous waste
sites across the U.S. were identified where some form
of remedial action was planned, was presently ongo-
ing, or has been completed. Each of these sites was
assessed and the results are presented. Based on
these survey findings, a total of 23 sites were selected
for detailed case study investigations. Case study re-
ports include extensive discussions of the remedial re-
sponses at each of the 23 sites with respect to tech-
nology, cost, and institutional framework. Technologi-
cal, cost, and Institutional data for the 23 case study
sites are summarized in several user guidance indices.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Regulations, "Envi-
ronmental surveys, "Public health, "Solid waste dis-
posal, Sites, Assessments, Technology, Cost analysis,
Surveys, Methodology, Management planning,
Tables(Data), "Liquid waste disposal, "Case studies.
PB85-121952/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Field Modelling In the Highland Silver Lake Water-
shed. Interim rept.,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
T. E. Davenport. Oct 84,53p IEPA/WPC/84-026
This report is a product of the Comprehensive Monitor-
ing and Evaluation Program for the Highland Silver
Lake Watershed-Rural Clean Water Project. Adequate
control of agricultural non-point source pollution re-
quires an effective and efficient management program.
An integral component of this is the identification of
those resource management systems which can con-
trol non-point source pollution at the source. CREAMS
(Chemical, Runoff and Erosion from Agricultural Man-
agement Systems), a mathematical model, was uti-
lized to estimate the effectiveness of various resource
management systems on four field sites.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, "Watersheds,
"Highland Silver Lake, Mathematical models, Runoff,
Soil erosion, Fertilizers, Pesticides, Sediments, Nitro-
gen, Phosphorus, Losses, Residues, Cultivation, Man-
agement, Tables(Data), Sites, Illinois, Madison
County(lllinois), CREAMS model, Nonpoint sources.
PB86-121978/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Review of the Sediment Delivery Ratio Tech-
niques Component of the Highland Silver Lake
Watershed Project. Final rept.,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
T. E. Davenport. Sep 84,36p IEPA/WPC/84-025
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
This report is a product of the Comprehensive Monitor-
ing and Evaluation Program for the Highland Silver
Lake Watershed Rural Clean Water Project (RCWP).
One of the primary technical needs of the Highland
Silver take Watershed Project was the determination
of sediment delivery ratios for sites where implementa-
tion has occurred, so as to ascertain the off-site im-
pacts of resource management system implementa-
tion. One of the key components of this evaluation is
predicting the impacts of resource management sys-
tems implementation on sediment yield to the stream
course. This study was initiated to examine various
predictive sediment delivery ratio estimation tech-
niques and determine which technique should be uti-
lized to determine the impact of erosion control on
sediment yield for the Highland Silver Lake RCWP.
Keywords: 'Sediments, "Water pollution, 'Highland
Silver Lake, Erosion control, Watersheds, Mathemati-
cal models, Sediment transport. Yield, Topography,
Farms, Tables(Data), Maps, Illinois, Highland Silver
Lake project, Madison County(lllinois).
PB85-122f33/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, Washington,
DC. Area Urban Runoff Project: Final Report. Rept.
for 1979-83.
Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments,
DC.
Dec 83, 199p*
Grant EPA-P-003208-01
Prepared in cooperation with Northern Virginia Plan-
ning District Commission, Falls Church, and Virginia
Polytechnic Inst, and State Univ., Blacksburg.
This report summarized the principal findings and con-
clusions derived from the following five major research
areas: (1) Identifying the principal water quantity and
water quality impacts of urban stormwater runoff within
the D.C. metropolitan area; (2) Evaluating the pollutant
removal capability of various urban best management
practices (BMPs) currently in use within the region; (3)
Developing a predictive methodology for estimating
the costs of building and maintaining stormwater
ponds so that the comparative costs of various kinds
of stormwater ponds could be evaluated; (4) Examin-
ing the importance of atmospheric deposition as a
source of pollutants which can be eventually delivered
in urban runoff; and (5) Developing and applying so-
phisticated watershed modeling tools to integrate
NURP research into a coherent framework, so as to
identify cost-effective runoff management strategies in
developing watersheds.
Keywords: "Runoff, 'Water pollution, 'Urban areas,
Watersheds, Stream flow, Rainfall, Design,
Lagoons(Ponds), Fluid infiltration, Removal, Phospho-
rus, Nitrogen, Pavements, Water storage, Construction
costs, Air pollution, Monitoring, Sediments, 'Storm
water runoff, "Washington Metropolitan Area, Best
management practices, Organic loading, Nonpoint
sources.
PB85-122141/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, Washington,
DC. Area Urban Runoff Project: Seneca Creek Wa-
tershed Management Study. Volume 1. Final rept.
1979-83,
Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments,
DC.
T. R. Schueler. Sep 83,127p
Grant EPA-P-003208-01
Prepared in cooperation with Maryland-National Cap-
ital Park and Planning Commission, Silver Spring.
Using the Seneca Creek watershed in Montgomery
County, MD as a case study area, the report presents a
methodology for integrating consideration of water
quality impacts into the land use planning processes of
local governments. Evaluates the potential impacts of
future land use development options on watershed
water quality, stream habitat, and the Little Seneca
Lake reservoir; and assesses whether these impacts
can be mitigated through non-structural planning
measures, urban stormwater and agricultural runoff
control measures.
Keywords: 'Urban areas, 'Runoff, "Water pollution,
•Seneca Creek, Watersheds, Stream flow, Land use,
Rainfall, Snowmelt, Sediment transport, Mathematical
models, Soil erosion, Algae, Water pollution control,
Cost effectiveness, Maryland, "Nonpoint sources,
"Storm water runoff.
PB85-122174/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program USEPA (United
States Environmental Protection Administration),
Washington, DC. Evaluation of the Costs of
Stormwater Management Pond Construction and
Maintenance. Final rept. 1979-1983.
Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments,
DC.
Jun 83,114p
Grant EPA-P-003208-01
This report presents the planning level approach to es-
timating or projecting costs of stormwater manage-
ment pond construction and maintenance. It describes
survey methods and statistical analysis used to deter-
mine correlation between pond volume and construc-
tion costs. It itemizes maintenance tasks reported by
stormwater management/public works agencies in
Washington, D.C. area and other agencies contacted
around the U.S. It presents cost projections in terms of
costs to homeowner and commercial property.
Keywords: "Cost analysis, "Lagoons(Ponds), Water
storage, Construction costs, Maintenance, Volume,
Cost estimates, Mathematical prediction, Inspection,
Financing, Tables(Data), "Storm water runoff, Wet
ponds, Dry ponds, "Washington Metropolitan Area.
PB85-122414/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Electrical Resistivity Technique to Assess the In-
tegrity of Geomembrane Liners. Final rept. Sep 80-
Jul 84,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
D. W. Shultz, B. M. Duff, and W. R. Peters. Nov 84, 77p
EPA/600/2-84/180
Contract EPA-68-03-3033
Two-dimensional electrical modeling of a liner system
was performed using computer techniques. The mod-
eling effort examined the voltage distributions in cross
sections of lined facilities with different leak locations.
Results confirmed that leaks in the liner influenced
voltage distributions on the surface of the lined facility.
Based on this, a small physical scale model of a lined
facility was constructed. Tests were conducted to
measure the influence of leaks on the surface voltage
distributions of water-filled and earth-filled liner sys-
tems. Several leak and current electrode configura-
tions were examined. Plots of measured surface vol-
tages indicated the presence and location of a leak.
These tests verified that the electrical resistivity tech-
nique could be used for detecting and locating leaks in
liners. Larger-scale testing was performed at a 1 -acre
lined water impoundment. An experimental measure-
ment system was designed and constructed to facili-
tate data acquisition for various leak locations, water
depths, and leak sizes. These data showed the tech-
nique to be capable of detecting a 1-inch diameter
hole in the liner with an error in location of potentially
less than 1 foot.
Keywords: "Linings, "Leakage, "Electrical resistivity,
"Mathematical models, "Hazardous materials, "Solid
waste disposal, Assessments, Detection, Performance
evaluation, Design criteria, Research projects, Industri-
al wastes, Sewage, Earth fills, Membranes, Land treat-
ment, Surface impoundments, Computer applications.
PBS5-122422/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Environmental Effects of Utilizing Solid Waste as
a Supplementary Power Plant Fuel. Rept. for Oct
74-Nov 77,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
D. A. Vaughan, H. H. Krause, P. W. Cover, R. W.
Sexton, and W. K. Boyd. Nov 84,64p EPA/600/2-84/
178
Grant EPA-R-804008-02-2
The results of 3 years of research on the utilization of
shredded and magnetically separated municipal refuse
to supplement high-sulfur coal as fuel in a stroker-fired
boiler are presented. During the first half of the re-
search, a refuse handling and furnace feed system
consisting of agriculture crop handling equipment was
used. With this equipment the feasibility of blowing
shredded refuse into a boiler and burning it completely
on a traveling grate was demonstrated. Corrosion
probe exposures were used to show the effectiveness
of cofiring to reduce short-term corrosion of boiler tube
metals. Reduced emissions of S02 from the high-
sulfur coal also resulted from dilution of the coal with
refuse and by action of alkaline components of the
refuse.
Keywords: "Environmental impacts, "Electric power
plants, "Boilers, "Fuels, Sewage, Assessments, Feasi-
bility, Sulfur dioxide, Corrosion, Performance evalua-
tion, "Solid wastes, "Refuse derived fuels, "Waste uti-
lization.
PB85-122455/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Pollutants on Human Viral Respiratory
Disease. Final rept. Apr 79-May 83,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Medi-
cine.
W. A. Clyde, D. A. Powell, T. F. Murphy, E. J. Dubovi,
andG. L. Stroppe. Nov 84, 30p EPA/600/1-84/015
Many epidemiologic studies have shown excessive
respiratory disease morbidity in areas of high atmos-
pheric pollution. This study was designed to develop
and characterize an animal model and investigate the
possible interactive effects of infection and particulate
air pollutants using small laboratory animals. Models of
human parainfluenza virus type 3 disease were estab-
lished by aerosol inoculation of hamsters and cotton
rats. The temporal course of the following were exam-
ined: lung virus titers; pulmonary histopathology; alve-
olar macrophage function; changes in pulmonary me-
chanics; serum antibody development and upper res-
piratory tract histopathology. Animals were exposed
acutely (2 hours) to ammonium nitrate or lead oxide
respirable aerosols before or following viral inocula-
tion. Exposures ranging from 59-66 mg/cu. m. but not
0.76 mg/cu. m. of the nitrate resulted in a one-day ex-
tension of viral replication and concommitant retarda-
tion of peribronchial lymphocytic infiltration. Lead
oxide exposures at levels greater than 2,350 micro-
grams/cu. m. increased lung virus titers and serum
antibody titers. The models developed in these studies
may be useful for future work on chronic exposure to
the same or other pollutants and on the pathogenesis
of virus/pollutant interactions.
Keywords: "Viral diseases, "Respiratory diseases,
Humans, Infections, "Air pollution effects(Humans),
Animal models, Particulates, Toxic substances.
PB85-122505/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Pesticide Registration Standard - Chlorsulfuron
(Glean).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
1982, 85p EPA/540/RS-82/011
Prepared in cooperation with Du Pont de Nemours
(E.I.) and Co., Wilmington, DE.
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Standards, Regulations
Chemical properties, Transport properties, Toxicology'
Ecology, Residues, Nitrogen organic compounds'
"Registration, 'Chlorsulfuron, Benzene sulfonamide/
chloro-N-((methoxy-methyl-triazinyl)aminocarbonyl)
Path of pollutants.
PB85-122838/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Location of Abandoned Wells with Geophysical
Methods,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Veaas
NV.	" •
F. C. Frischknecht, and P. V. Raab. Nov 84,59p EPA/
600/4-84/085
Prepared in cooperation with Geological Survev
Denver, CO.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Abandoned wells are sometimes an important element
in the contamination of fresh underground water sup-
plies. If a well is not properly plugged and the casing is
leaky, it may serve as a conduit for brines or other pol-
lutants to reach a fresh water aquifer. This study was
made to determine the feasibility of using geophysical
methods to locate abandoned wells which contain
steel casing. Preliminary considerations indicated that
magnetic and, perhaps, electrical methods should be
useful. Electrical methods which were tested were the
dipole-dipole resistivity/induced polarization (IP), self-
potential, and loop-loop electromagnetic methods.
Keywords: "Water wells, 'Geophysical prospecting,
'Water pollution, Leakage, Aquifers, Feasibility,
Steels, Electromagnetic prospecting, Aerial surveys,
Resistivity exploration, Abnormalities, Magnetic pro-
specting, Accuracy, Comparison, 'Abandoned wells.
PB85-122646/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Stability Evaluation of Sulfur Dioxide, Nitric Oxide
and Carbon Monoxide Gases in Cylinders,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. C. Shores, and F. Smith. Nov 84, 52p EPA/600/4-
84/086
Contract EPA-68-02-3767
The US EPA recommends in their EPA Traceability
Protocol 1 and 2 that reactive gases be reanalyzed
every six months. The purpose of this study was to
assess the stability of selected reactive gases as a
function of time to determine the feasibility of extend-
ing the recertification period. The reactive gases in this
study were contained in aluminum and steel cylinders
and included: carbon monoxide in air (CO/Air); carbon
monoxide in nitrogen (CO/N2); nitric oxide in nitrogen
(NO/N2); and sulfur dioxide in nitrogen (S02/N2).
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Carbon monoxide, 'Nitro-
gen oxide(NO), 'Cylinders, 'Air pollution, Stability, As-
sessments, Feasibility, State government, National
government, Gases, Trace techniques.
PB85-122653/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Voluntary Standards-Setting for Drinking Water
Chemicals: Implementation Plan. Final rept.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
Oct 84,84p*
Contract EPA-68-01 -6795
The report is advice and guidance to the Environmen-
tal Protection Agency (EPA) on a plan to allow the pri-
vate sector to regulate drinking water additives. The
report describes the roles and responsibilities of the
third party, the testing organization and the EPA. A de-
cision flow chart (tree), decision points, and testing re-
quirements are also included.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Regulations, "Water treat-
ment, 'Additives, "Chemical treatment, Standards.
PB85-122737/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Recommended Practice for the Use of Electro-
magnetic Flowmeters In Wastewater Treatment
Plants. Rept. for 1 Oct 78-30 Sep 81,
National Bureau of Standards (NEL), Gaithersburg,
MD. Fluid Engineering Div.
G. Kulin. Nov 84,39p EPA/600/2-84/187
Electromagnetic flowmeters that conform to the guide-
lines described in this document can be used to meas-
ure the volumetric flowrate of all liquids and sludges
normally encountered in wastewater treatment plants,
provided that adequate inspection and maintenance
are performed as recommended to contend with po-
tential deposits and other effects of the harsh fluids.
Electromagnetic flowmeters should be accurate to the
lesser ol 1 percent of full-scale or 3 percent of actual
flowrate. These flowmeters are not necessarily
immune to the effects of approach velocity distribution.
Upon installation, electromagnetic flowmeters should
be hydraulically tested, by a method equivalent to that
described, to provide an acceptance test and/or initial
calibration.
Keywords: "Electromagnetic induction, "Flowmeters,
"Flow rate, Liquids, Sludge, Pipe flow, Specifications,
Performance evaluation. Accuracy, Calibrating, Install-
ing, Diagrams, 'Sewage treatment plants.
PB85-12274S/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Recommended Practice for the Use of Parshall
Flumes and Palmer-Bowlus Flumes in Wastewater
Treatment Plants. Rept. for 1 Oct 78-30 Sep 81,
National Bureau of Standards (NEL), Gaithersburg,
MD. Fluid Engineering Div.
G. Kulin. Nov 84, 65p? EPA/600/2-84/186
Parshall and Palmer-Bowlus flumes are suitable for in-
plant open channel flow measurement of raw
wastewater and treated effluent as well as wastewater
in intermediate stages of treatment. Parshall flumes
are empirical devices which must be fabricated and in-
stalled according to specific requirements in order to
yield the 'standard' values of discharge. The discharge
of Palmer-Bowlus flumes can be determined analyti-
cally within specified error limits provided that de-
scribed criteria for construction and installation are
met. The accuracy of a flume-based measuring system
depends upon a combination of the accuracies of the
flume itself and the secondary instrumentation. The
basic uncertainty of properly constructed and installed
flumes is about + or - 3 percent. Suggested methods
of calibrating and monitoring the performance of the
flumes and secondary instruments are described.
Keywords: "Flumes, "Sewage treatment, 'Flow rate,
Open channel flow, Flow measurement, Depth, Oper-
ations, Specifications, Installing, Parshall flumes, Cali-
brating, Accuracy, Maintenance, Performance evalua-
tion, Comparison, Tables(Data), 'Sewage treatment
plants, 'Palmer-Bowlus flumes.
PB85-123230/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Adsorption Techniques In Drinking Water Treat-
ment. Papers and Discussion from the NATO/
CCMS (North Atlantic Treaty Organization Com-
mittee on the Challenges of Modern Society)
Symposium Held at Reston, Virginia, USA on April
30 through May 2,1979,
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Socie-
ty, Brussels (Belgium).
P. V. Roberts, R. S. Summers, S. Regli, R. Pickford,
and F. Bell. 1984, 912p* CCMS-112, EPA/570/9-84/
005
Prepared in cooperation with Stanford Univ., CA. Dept.
of Civil Engineering.
This report comprises the proceedings of the second
of two international symposiums from the NATO/
CCMS Drinking Water Pilot Project review of Ad-
vanced Drinking Water Treatment Technologies. The
first was on 'Oxidation Techniques in Drinking Water
Treatment.' Lectures, discussions and a summary
paper provide a comprehensive survey on the practical
application of adsorption techniques for removing or-
ganics from drinking water. Seventy-five authors for
the U.S., Canada and six European countries present-
ed studies on current practices and research results
emphasizing granular activated carbon and biological
activated carbon but also discussing powdered acti-
vated carbon and ion exchange resins.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, "Adsorption, "Meetings,
Potable waiter, Ion exchanging, Organic compounds,
Activated carbon, Oxidation, Granular activated
carbon treatment.
PB85-123883/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program, Washington
Metropolitan Area Urban Runoff Demonstration
Project: Final Report, 1979-1982.
Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments,
DC.
Apr 83,120p
Grant EPA-P-003208-01
Prepared in cooperation with Northern Virginia Plan-
ning District Commission, Annandale.
This document reported analysis of monitoring data
from twelve urban test watersheds, to correlate urban
land use and nonpoint pollution loadings in runoff and
to evaluate the effectiveness of urban best manage-
ment practices.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Water pollution, 'Urban areas.
Watersheds, Monitoring, Land use.
Concentration(Composition), Phosphorus, Nitrogen,
Metals, Comparison, Statistical analysis, Removal,
Pavements, Sediments, Tables(Data), 'Storm water
runoff, 'Nonpoint sources, Chemical oxygen demand,
Suspended solids, 'Washington Metropolitan Area.
PB85-123925/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Mercury Health Effects Update: Health Issue As-
sessment. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
T. Clarkson, J. Cranmer, D. J. Sivulka, and R. Smith.
Aug 84,152p EPA/600/8-84/019F
Prepared in cooperation with Arkansas Univ. for Medi-
cal Sciences, Little Rock, Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor
and Rochester Univ., NY.
This report reviews and evaluates the scientific infor-
mation on the potential health effects from mercuiy ex-
posure, with emphasis on those effects associated
with human chronic inhalation exposures. The findings
are based on a review of the scientific literature since
the promulgation of the 1973 National Emission Stand-
ard for Mercury. This report consists of six chapters
that provide a cohesive discussion of all aspects of
mercury exposure and focus upon those data thought
to be most useful and relevant for human health risk
assessment purposes.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Mercury(Metal),
'Environmental surveys, 'Standards, 'Toxicology,
Concentration(Composition), Animals, Sediments, Ex-
posure, Assessments, Public health, Risk, Dosage,
Reviews, Sampling, Chemical properties, Air pollution,
Water pollution, Biochemistry, Sources, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Mercury/methyl, Pharmacokinetics, Biotrans-
formation, Air pollution effects(Humans), Natural emis-
sions, Air pollution effects(Animals)
PB85-123933	Not available NTIS
Binding of Chloroform to the Cysteine of Hemo-
globin. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
M. A. Pereira, L. W. Chang, J. L. Ferguson, and D.
Couri. c1984,13p EPA/600/J-84/131
Prepared in cooperation with Ohio State Univ., Colum-
bus.
Pub. in Chemico-Biological Interactions 51, p115-124
1984.
The products of the covalent binding of chloroform to
rat hemoglobin during microsomal metabolism were
isolated and identified by gas chromatography (GC)
and mass spectroscopy (MS). After isolation by Pro-
teinase K hydrolysis, amino acid analysis and cellulose
thin-layer chromatography (TLC), the major product
was identified by GC/MS as N-hydroxymethyl cysteine
and a minor product as 2-hydroxythiazolidine-4-car-
boxylic acid. N-Hydroxymethyl cysteine is proposed to
be formed during isolation from the 2-oxothiazoiidine-
4-carboxylic acid present in the intact hemoglobin.
(Copyright (c) 1984 Elsevier Scientific Publishers Ire-
land Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Chloroform, "Chemical bonds, "Cysteine,
"Hemoglobin, Laboratory animals, Rats, Metabolism,
Gas chromatography, Mass spectroscopy, Chemical
analysis, Reprints, Cysteine/N-hydroxymethyl, Thiazo-
lidine carboxylic acid/hydroxy.
PB85-123941	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Efficacy of Choice Testing to Predict Chronic In-
gestion of Drinking Solutions Adulterated with
Chemicals. Journal article,
Virginia Commonwealth Univ., Richmond. Dept. of
Pharmacology and Toxicology.
M. J. Kallman, and G. L. Kaempf. C1984,9p EPA/600/
J-84-140
Pub. in Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, v20
p195-200 1984.
The feasibility of using a measure of palatability in a 2-
bottle choice paradigm to determine detriments in fluid
intake when unpalatable solutions containing drugs or
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
chemicals were provided as a sole source of fluid was
examined. Palatability measures obtained from testing
various concentrations of quinine with water in a two-
bottle choice paradigm were compared with intake of
these same solutions when they were the sole fluid
source for 20 consecutive days. Mice were observed
to significantly avoid quinine solutions at concentra-
tions as low as 0.0001 mg ml in a choice situation while
fluid intake was reduced in a forced drinking situation
only at a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml. Palatability al-
tered forced fluid intake only when quinine solutions
comprised 20% or less of total intake in a choice situa-
tion. This approach was successfully employed to pre-
dict whether various concentrations of halogenated
hydrocarbons could be administered in a repetitive
forced drinking situation without reducing total fluid
intake of mice.
Keywords: "Beverages, 'lngestion(Biology), Efficacy,
Reprints, "Toxic substances.
PB85-124139/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Adjustment of Incidence Rates for Migration In In-
direct Ecologic Studies,
California Univ., Berkeley. School of Public Heatth.
C. L. Chiang, and P. M. Conforti. Nov 84,80p* EPA/
600/1-84/017
Grants EPA-C-1492NAEX, EPA-C-2519NAET
The overall objective of this research program was to
develop a method for adjusting incidence rates for mi-
gration in studies relating environmental agents to dis-
eases with long latent periods. Various methods of es-
timating migration and population change are consid-
ered. An example of a situation necessitating this ad-
justment is described. Cancer incidence rates were
compared for census tracts with varying levels of as-
bestos in drinking water. Since cancer has a long
latent period, recent in-migrants would not have been
exposed for sufficient periods of time to be at risk for
cancer. Unless the in-migrants were equally distributed
across census tracts, an analysis of the relationship
between asbestos and cancer based on incidence
rates would be biased. This report reviews a number of
measures of migration and population change as well
as stochastic models of migration and stochastic
models of population growth. Migration data available
through the Census of Population and Housing of the
Bureau of the Census are described. A method is de-
veloped that uses these data to estimate migration by
census tract. This method is then applied to data from
a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency supported
project on the relationship between ingested asbestos
and cancer and the results compared to the original
analysis.
Keywords: "Research project, "Asbestos, "Potable
water, "Toxicology, "Population migrations, "Popula-
tion growth, Ecology, Malignant neoplasms, Environ-
mental surveys, Epidemiology, Statistical analysis,
Morbidity, Stochastic processes, Cancer.
PB85-124147/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Isolation or Concentration of Organic Substances
from Water - An Evaluation of Reverse Osmosis
Concentration. Final rept..
Gulf South Research Inst., New Orleans, LA.
S. C. Lynch, J. K. Smith, L. C. Rando, and W. L.
Yauger. Nov 84,201p EPA/600/1-84/018
Contract EPA-68-03-2999
This study describes the development and evaluation
of a reverse osmosis (RO)/Donnan dialysis system to
be used in the preparation of drinking water concen-
trates for biological testing. Two reverse osmosis
membranes, cellulose acetate (Osmonics, Inc.) and
FT-30 (Film Tec, Inc.), were selected for laboratory
evaluation, primarily because of their purported short-
term chlorine resistance. Two Donnan membranes,
Nafion (Dupont) and MA 3475 (IONAC), were chosen
for further study based upon their chemical resistance
characteristics (chlorine, caustic, and acid tolerance).
The FT-30 membrane, a thin-film composite, demon-
strated a substantially greater rejection efficiency for
the model compounds than the cellulose acetate
membrane. As expected from the rejection data, the
recoveries of model solutes were much better for the
FT-30 membrane system than the cellulose acetate
system. Overall the recovery values (2-74%) were
poor for the majority of model compounds in both RO
252 Vol. 90, No. 24
systems and substantially less than anticipated based
on the rejection data.
Keywords: "Water treatment, "Organic compounds.
Potable water, Separation, Membranes, Cellulose ace-
tate, Dialysis, * Reverse osmosis, FT-30 polymers.
PB85-124154/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Characterization of Heavy-Duty Motor Vehicle
Emissions Under Transient Driving Conditions,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
M. A. Warner-Selph, and H. E. Dietzmann. Nov 84,
166p EPA/600/3-84/104
Contract EPA-68-02-3722
The objective of this program was to characterize
heavy-duty diesel truck and bus emissions produced
during transient driving cycles. In the initial phase of
the program an improved road-load simulation method
was developed for use in operating large trucks on a
chassis dynamometer. This method was used in test-
ing vehicles on the chassis dynamometer. The second
phase of testing involved operation of six vehicles on
the chassis dynamometer removal of the engine and
testing of the engines. Chassis emissions were then
compared to engine emissions. Additionally, chassis
tests were conducted over a range of dynamometer in-
ertia settings for two of the six vehicles for the purpose
of comparison with engine emissions. Baseline emis-
sions were also measured on six buses, five single-
axle tractors, and 17 dual-axle tractors over the chas-
sis version of the transient cycle. Regulated emissions
and several unregulated emissions were measured on
baseline tests. Unregulated emissions included partic-
ulate, aldehydes and ketones, phenols, DOAS odor,
various elements, nitropyrenes, and Ames mutagenic
response.
Keywords: "Exhaust emissions, "Motor vehicles,
Trucks, Buses(Vehicles), Diesel engines, Chassis,
Dynamometers, Simulation. Tests, Ketones, Alde-
hydes, Phenols, Mutagens, "Heavy duty vehicles, Driv-
ing conditions.
PB85-124196/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Carbon Tetra-
chloride. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
C. T. DeRosa, R. Hertzberg, S. Rosenthal, C. Sonich,
and V. Vaughan-Dellarco. Sep 84,321 p* EPA-600/8-
82/001F
See also PB83-129569.
Carbon tetrachloride (CC14) is a haloalkane with a
wide range of industrial and chemical applications. Its
presence in the atmosphere and in water appears to
be of anthropogenic origin. It is readily absorbed
through the lung, gastrointestinal tract and skin and,
therefore, poses a hazard to human health. This docu-
ment is an assessment of the literature available up to
March 1983, with the exception ot the effect of CCI4
on stratospheric ozone, to reflect the most recent de-
velopment in this area. The scientific literature was in-
ventoried, key studies were evaluated and summaries
and conclusions were prepared to qualitatively identify
the chemical's toxicity and related characteristics. Ob-
served effect levels and dose-response relationships
are discussed evaluating the potential toxicity of CCI4.
Keywords: "Carbon tetrachloride, "Toxicology, "Haz-
ardous materials, "Environmental surveys, Assess-
ments, Public health, Industrial wastes, Chemical in-
dustry, Regulations, Standards, Exposure, Toxicity,
Dosage, Chemical properties, Carcinogens, Metabo-
lism, Mutagens, Physiological effects, Air pollution,
Water pollution, Physical properties, Sources, Ecology,
Hazards, "Toxic substances, Solid wastes, Pharmaco-
kinetics, Bioaccumulation, Antagonism.
PB85-124204/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Electric Arc Furnaces and Argon-Oxygen Decar-
burlzatlon Vessels In Steel Plants - Background
Information for Promulgated Standards.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Aug 84,43p EPA/450/3-82/020B
Contract EPA-68-02-3059
See also PB84-120641.
Standards of performance for the control of particulate
matter emissions from electric arc furnaces and argon-
oxygen decarburization vessels at new, modified, or
reconstructed steel plants are being promulgated
under the authority of Sections 111,114, and 301 (a) of
the Clean Air Act, as amended. These standards
would apply to those affected facilities that commence
construction on or after August 17, 1983, the date of
original proposal. This document contains a summary
of the public comments on the proposed revised
standards and the EPA's responses, as well as sum-
mary economic and environmental impact statements.
Keywords: "Environmental impact statements-final,
"Air pollution control, "Iron and steel industry, "Stand-
ards, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Eco-
nomic impacts, Regulations, Electric arc furnaces, De-
carburizing, Cost analysis, Substitutes, Urban areas,
"Standards of performance.
PB85-124477	Not available NTIS
Role of Beta-Endorphin in the Control of Body
Temperature in the Rabbit. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C, J. Gordon, A. H. Rezvani, and J. E. Heath. C1984,
11p EPA/600/J-84/147
Prepared in cooperation with Illinois Univ. at Urbana-
Champaign. Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics.
Pub. in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, v8
p73-82 1984.
There is evidence of release ot the opioid peptide
beta-endorphin (beta-E) in the hypothalamus during
development of fever and stress-induced hyperther-
mia. In the unanesthetized rabbit microinjection of
beta-E in the preoptic/anterior hypothalamus (POAH)
results in peripheral vasoconstriction, inhibition of
evaporative heat loss, and a prolonged elevation of
body temperature. These reactions are magnified with
increases in ambient temperature. Injections of beta-E
nearly abolish vasodilation to back heating and also
postural enhancement of heat dissipation (sprawling,
limb extension) in a hot environment. Beta-E has also
been found to reduce the thermal sensitivity of single
POAH neurons to ambient heating. However, POAH
beta-E injections do not alter metabolic rate at ambient
temperatures from 2 to 27 C, and to this extent beta-E-
induced hyperthermia is distinct from fever. It is sug-
gested that beta-E reduces sensitivity of POAH neu-
rons to high ambient temperature and that this reduc-
tion leads to increased peripheral vasoconstriction, in-
hibition of evaporative heat loss, and modification of
behavioral thermoregulation resulting in a regulated-
type elevation In body temperature. A general neural
model is proposed to explain the thermoregulatory ef-
fects of beta-E in the rabbit.
Keywords: "Thermoregulation, "Skin temperature,
"Neuron activity, Heat Toss, Rabbits, Laboratory ani-
mals, Metabolism, Behavior, Reprints, "Endorphin,
PB85-124485	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Alterations in Lung Structure Caused by Inhala-
tion of Oxidants. Journal article,
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC.
J. D. Crapo, B. E. Barry, L. Y. Chang, and R. R. Mercer.
C1984, 22p EPA/600/J-84/143
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health
p301 (121 )-320(140) Aug 84.
Morphometric and morphologic methods have been
used to evaluate changes in rat lungs caused by the in-
halation of a variety of oxidants. Exposure to 100%
oxygen causes diffuse pulmonary injury and leads to
death after 66-72 h of exposure. The primary insult
leading to death in rats exposed to hyperoxia is injury
to pulmonary capillary endothelium. Sublethal expo-
sure to hyperoxia was found to cause diffuse injury to
all major components of the alveolar septum and was
associated with destruction of approximately 50% of
the pulmonary capillary endothelial ceils. A corre-
sponding decrease in pulmonary capillary surface area
and capillary lumen volume also occurred. Exposure to
ozone and to nitrogen dioxide in low concentrations
did not cause a diffuse injury throughout the alveolar
region of the lung, but rather led predominantly to
structural alterations in terminal bronchioles and in
their adjacent alveoli. Morphometric evaluation of ani-
mals exposed to 0.2S ppm ozone and to 2 ppm N02
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sions. These lesions primarily involve injury and remo-
delling of the alveolar epithelium.
Keywords: 'Lungs, "Oxidants, "Toxicology, Rats, Lab-
oratory animals, Reprints, Toxic substances.
PB85-124493	Not available NTIS
Toxicity of Cadmium In Water arid Sediment Slur-
ries to 'Daphnla magna'. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
G. S. Schuytema, P. 0. Nelson, K. W. Malueg, A. V.
Nebeker, and D. F. Krawczyk. c1984,18p EPA/600/J-
84/140
Prepared in cooperation with Oregon State Univ., Cor-
vallis. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v3,
P293-308 1984.
Daphnia magna Straus were exposed to cadmium for
48 h in water and in equilibrated water sediment slur-
ries using breakers and recirculating test chambers.
Differences in toxicity based on dissolved and free
cadmium (Cd(2 + )) between the two levels of tested
total solids 100 and 1000 mg/l, were not significant.
The mean water LC50 of 39 micrograms/l total cadmi-
um was significantly lower than the mean LC50 of 91
micrograms/l dissolved cadmium in the slurries, indi-
cating that the cadmium adsorbed to the sediment had
negligible toxicity. Low LC50 values in two sediment
bioassays correspond with low pHs. Adsorption isoth-
erms using cadmium, well water, and freshwater sedi-
ment were developed for sediment concentrations ap-
proximating those at which the bioassays were per-
formed. Speciation results, LC50 values based on free
cadmium ion concentrations only, and pH results gave
indirect evidence that the free cadmium ion was the
predominant toxic species to D. magna in the bioas-
says.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Invertebrates, "Water pollution,
Daphnia, Exposure, Sediments, Bioassay, Adsorption.
Concentration(Composition), Cadmium, Chemical
analysis, Ions, Atomic spectroscopy, Test methods,
pH, Slurries, Reprints, "Daphnia magna, Water fleas.
PB85-124501	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Assessing Impacts of Ozone on Agricultural
Crops: 2. Crop Yield Functions and Alternative Ex-
posure Statistics. Journal article,
Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD.
W. W. Heck, W. W. Cure, J. O. Rawlings, L. J.
Zaragoza, and A. S. Heagle. C1984,10p EPA/600/J-
84/141
Also pub. as North Carolina Agricultural Research
Service, Raleigh Paper 9190.
Pub. in Air Pollution Control Association Jnl., v34 n8
p810-817 1984.
A principal objective of the National Crop Loss Assess-
ment Network (NCLAN) is to develop 03 dose-crop
yield response models for use in assessing the effects
of 03 on economically important crop species and cul-
tivars. This paper is pari of a third assessment report
from NCLAN. The NCLAN is composed of several co-
operating programs with field sites in different regions
of the country. Open-top chambers allow control of 03
around the crop plants; four to six 03 treatments are
used, and the results subjected to regression analysis.
In this report, the Weibull model is used to develop 03
concentration-crop yield functions for the major crops
Studied in 1980 and 1981, and for all crops studied
during 1982. Four 03 averaging times (exposure sta-
tistics) are used in a Weibull model for each experi-
mental data set. Models derived using two seasonal
mean 03 statistics (1-h/day and 7-h/day means) and
two seasonal peak 03 statistics (1 -h and 7-h) are com-
pared. The results suggest that all four 03 statistics
are of similar value when obtained from and used for
the same data set. Seasonal mean 03 statistics can
be used to develop models which can be used to esti-
mate yield of a given crop from data obtained from dif-
ferent sites or from different years at one site. Howev-
er, peak statistics obtained from one site cannot be
used to predict yield from data obtained at a second
site, or from data obtained at the same site in different
years.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Farm crops, "Air pollution, "Envi-
ronmental impacts, Assessments, Exposure, Sites,
Statistical analysis. Reprints. "Air pollution
effects(Plants).
PB8S-124519	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Assessing Impacts of Ozone on Agricultural
Crops: 1. Overview. Journal article,
Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD.
\N. W. Heck, W. W. Cure, J. O. Rawlings, L. J.
Zaragoza, and A. S. Heagle. c1984,9p EPA/600/J-
84/142
Also pub. as North Carolina Agricultural Research
Service, Raleigh Paper 9189. Prepared in cooperation
with North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
Pub. in Air Pollution Control Association Jnl., v34 n7
p729-735 1984.
The Environmental Protection Agency initiated the Na-
tional Crop Loss Assessment Network (NCLAN) to de-
velop pollutant dose-plant response information for
economically important crop species. The primary
thrust of the NCLAN program is to assess the effects
of 03 on crop yield. This paper is part of the third as-
sessment report from NCLAN which is composed of
several cooperating programs with field sites in differ-
ent regions of the country. Plants are grown in the field
using open-top chambers for the control and manipu-
lation of gas concentration around the crop plants.
Four to six 03 treatments are used in each experimen-
tal design and 03 is added for 7 h/day in constant or
proportional amounts to ambient air 03 concentra-
tions. The most extensive ambient 03 monitoring data
in the U.S. are provided by the Storage and Retrieval
of Aerometic Data (SAROAD) system. By use of an in-
terpolative process called Kriging, county level 03
concentrations can be estimated. Ozone concentra-
tions are monitored in the NCLAN treatment chambers
using shared-time monitoring. Data are summarized
and presented as a seasonal mean of the daily 7-h
mean 03 concentrations for each treatment. The
NCLAN air quality data are compatible with the
SAROAD system. The NCLAN uses 0.025 ppm as an
estimate of natural 03 for comparison with the 03
treatment concentrations. This value is also approxi-
mately equal to the 03 concentrations in the charcoal
filtered chambers. In this report four 03 averaging
times are compared for possible use in 03 dose-crop
yield models.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Farm crops, "Air pollution, "Envi-
ronmental impacts, Assessments, Exposure, Sites,
Statistical analysis, Reprints, "Air pollution
effects(Plants).
PB85-124527	Not available NTIS
Toluene Blood Level following Subcutaneous In-
jection of Toluene in the Rat. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
V. A. Benignus, K. E. Muller, C. N. Barton, and J. A.
Bittikofer. C1984,15p EPA/600/J-84/144
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill. Dept. of Psychology and Duke Univ. Medi-
cal Center, Durham, NC. Clinical Chemistry Lab.
Pub. in Environmental Research 33, p441-4531984.
A model of toluene level in blood following subcutane-
ous injection of toluene mixed with polyoxyethylated-
vegetable-oil vehicle was developed. The purpose was
to provide a means of predicting dose received for
subsequent toxicologic studies for any time and dose
combination. The pharmacokinetics were of second-
ary interest. Using data from 111 rats, a four-parame-
ter equation was devised to predict the time course of
toluene blood level from 20-480 min post dosing, for
dose levels of 50-1000 mg/kg. Blood concentrations
rose at a rate which was independent of dose level.
Maximum blood levels were uniquely determined by
dose level. Blood levels fell at different rates depend-
ing upon dose level. Injection exposure, when com-
pared to Inhalation, has the advantages of (a) low ex-
pense, (b) low equipment requirements, and (c) sim-
plicity. The disadvantage is, for some experiments,
poor temporal simulation of the normal route of admin-
istration, inhalation.
Keywords: 'Toluene, 'Bioassay, 'Toxicology, Rats,
Laboratory animals, Blood chemical analysis. Dosage,
Reprints.
PB85-124535	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Adsorption of Organic Compounds Irom Water
with Porous Poly(Tetrafluoroethylene). Journal ar-
ticle (Final) Jan 80-Jul 83,
Millikin Univ., Decatur, IL. Dept. of Chemistry.
C. M. Josefson, J. B. Johnston, and R. Trubey. c1984,
8p EPA/600/J-84/132
Prepared in cooperation with Army Construction Engi-
neering Research Lab., Champaign, IL., and Illinois
Univ. at Urban-Champaign. School of Chemical Sci-
ences.
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, V56 n4 p764-768 1984.
The use of Chromosorb T, an aggregate of
poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE, Teflon), to concen-
trate trace organic substances from aqueous solution
by column chromatography is investigated. Differ-
ences in capacity between two different PTFE aggre-
gates are linked to differences in surface morphology
rather than simply surface area. Capacity is inversely
related to solubility of solute for polycyclic aromatic hy-
drocarbons. However, this correlation breaks down if
the solute is a nitrogen heterocycle. Recovery studies
indicate that Chromosorb T gives quantitative recovery
of a variety of solutes at a concentration of 50 ppb in
aqueous solutions containing 2 ppm humic acid.
(Copyright (c) 1984 American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Adsorption, 'Trace elements, 'Water
analysis, Chromatography analysis, Organic com-
pounds, Chemical analysis, Performance evaluation,
Fluorine organic compounds, Reprints, "Water pollu-
tion detection, *Poly(ethylene/tetrafluoro), Telfon.
PB85-124543	Not available NTIS
Utilization of Municipal Wastewater and Sludge on
Land. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
T. L. Gleason, III, J. E. Smith, Jr., and A. L. Page.
c1984, 7p EPA/600/J-84/133
See also PB84-129030. Prepared in cooperation with
California Univ., Riverside.
Pub. in Biocycle, v25 n4 p26-30 May/Jun 84.
Improvements in systems design, management and
risk assessment in the past 10 years clearly demon-
strate the technological feasibility and economic
soundness of land treatment.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, "Sewage treatment, "Irri-
gation, Design, Waste water, Bacteria, Viruses, Metals,
Risk, Public health, Organic compounds. Political ob-
jectives, Constraints, Feasibility, Economic factors,
"Land application, Heavy metals.
PB85-124550	Not available NTIS
Effect of Sampling Temperature, Filter Material,
and Sample Treatment on Combustion Source
Emission Test Results. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Div.
W. J. Mitchell, and C. L. Bruffey. C1984,8p EPA/600/
J-84/136
Prepared in cooperation with PEDCo-Environmental,
Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v18
n10 p803-808 0ct 84.
Particulate testing was performed at scrubber-
equipped and ESP-equipped, coalfired power plants.
The particulate collecting portion of each train was fol-
lowed by an EPA Method 8 train to determine the
amount of sulfuric acid mist and sulfur dioxide that
passed through the particulate filter. Significant quanti-
ties of a volatile sulfate were found in the Method 5
particulate sample even when the probe and filter were
maintained at a temperature 30 C above the acid dew-
point. It was also found that: (1) Heating the collected
sample at temperatures above the sampling tempera-
ture would effectively remove this material from the
ESP-equipped plant samples, but not from the scrub-
ber-equipped plant samples; (2) At the ESP-equipped
plant, the Alundum thimble particulate results were
equivalent to Method 5, but at the scrubber-equipped
plant were considerably higher; (3) At both sources,
borosilicate glass-fiber thimble filters gave average
particulate results that were considerably higher than
Method 5 and would not release most of this excess
weight when heated to 316 C; and (4) A combination
Method 5/Method 8 train cannot be used to simulta-
neously measure particulate and sulfuric acid at these
sources unless the probe and filter are operated at a
temperature much higher than the 160 C now specified
by regulation.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment. "Scrub-
bers, 'Electrostatic precipitators, Industrial wastes,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Combustion products, Sulfuric acid, Sulfur dioxide,
Particles, Sites, Sampling, Reprints, 'Coal fired power
plants, * Air pollution sampling, EPA method 8, EPA
method 5.
PB85-124568	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Zinc Amelioration of Cadmium-Induced Terato-
genesis In Vitro. Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Medi-
cine.
C. W. Warner, T. W. Sadler, S. A. Tulis, and M. K.
Smith. c1984,9p EPA/600/J-84/135
Pub. in Teratology 30, p47-53 1984.
Mouse embryos were exposed to cadmium (5.35 mi-
crograms/ml) for either 0.5h or 1h and then trans-
ferred to fresh serum for the duration of the experi-
ment. Embryos exposed for 0.5h developed numerous
malformations that were primarily localized to the cran-
iofacial region. Embryos exposed for 1 h to the same
level of cadmium all failed to thrive. In a separate
series of experiments zinc (10 micrograms/ml) was
added 15 minutes prior to the addition of cadmium.
Embryos treated with cadmium for 30 min. after the ad-
dition of zinc, resulted in 15 of 16 embryos developing
normally. In the second group of embryos treated for 1
h after preincubation with zinc resulted in 93% of the
embryos surviving after 48h, albeit malformed. These
results suggest that: (1) Exposure time to a teratogen
is a critical parameter to consider when designing in
vitro experiments (2) zinc is effective in protecting em-
bryos against cadmium induced teratogenesis and (3)
the whole embryo culture system is effective in dem-
onstrating biological interactions between agents.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Cadmium, Mice, Embryos,
Laboratory animals, Reprints, "Teratogenesis.
PB85-124576/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Toxicity of Copper-Spiked Sediments to Freshwa-
ter Invertebrates. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
M. A. Cairns, A. V. Nebeker, J. H. Gakstatter, and W. L.
Griffis. 1984,13p EPA/600/J-84/139
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v3
p435-445 1984.
Natural freshwater sediments from two Oregon sites
were spiked with copper in the laboratory and two
static toxicity tests were conducted with series of
copper concentrations ranging from 59 to 10,600 mg/
kg of dry sediment. Water (800 ml) was added to 1 -liter
test beakers over the sediment (200 ml) and repeated-
ly removed and replaced to lower the aqueous copper
concentrations. When copper concentrations stabi-
lized, i.e., attained equilibrium between water and sedi-
ment, the midge Chironomus tentans, the cladoceran
Daphnia magna and the amphipods Hyalella azteca
and Gammarus lacustris were introduced as test ani-
mals in solid-phase sediment toxicity bioassays. Based
on dry-weight sediment copper concentrations, LC50
values (48-h for Daphnia, 10-d for other organisms)
ranged from 681 to 2,296 mg/kg.
Keywords: "Invertebrates, "Toxicity, "Water pollution,
Copper, Concentration(Composition), Daphnia, Crus-
tacea, Sediments, Laboratory animals, Bioassay, Test
methods, Atomic spectroscopy, pH, Diptera, Expo-
sure, Oregon, Reprints, Daphnia magna, Hyalella
azteca, Gammarus lacustris.
PB85-124S84/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Hyperplastic Lesions of the Primitive Meninx of
Fathead Minnows, 'Pimephales promelas', In-
duced by Ammonia Species Potential for Carcino-
en Testing. Journal article,
ish and Wildlife Service, Bozeman, MT. Fish Cultural
Development Center.
C E. Smith. 1984,10p EPA/600/J-84/146
Grants EPA-R-803950, EPA-R-807240
Pub. in National Cancer Institute Monography 65,
pi 19-125 1984.
In the laboratory, fathead minnows were reared from
time of hatching to adulthood at 5 concentrations of
ammonia in a toxicity test lasting 304 days. The ammo-
nia concentration test range was 9.36 to 30.0 mg NH3-
N/liter (0.639 to 2.17 mg NH3/liter). Intracerebral le-
sions were observed in fish from each ammonia con-
centration but not in the controls. The severity of the
lesions was positively correlated with increased am-
monia concentration. Massive hyperplastic lesions de-
veloped in fish tested at the 2 highest concentrations.
Histologically, lesions appeared to originate from the
primitive meninx, which grew into the cranial cavity,
and in some fish through the cranium. Based on the or-
derly appearance of tissues and evidence of regres-
sion of lesions, the lesions are not considered to be
neoplasms but hyperplasias of primitive meninx tissue
induced as a response to ammonia exposure. Fathead
minnows (Pimephales promelas) have proved useful
for acute toxicity testing of environmental contami-
nants and have a potential usefulness in carcinogen-
icity testing. They are easily maintained in the laborato-
ry, can be readily induced to spawn during their first
year of life, and have a relatively short period of em-
bryogenesis.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Ammonia, Bioassay, Re-
prints, Fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, "Hy-
perplastic lesions, "Carcinogenesis, "Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB85-124592/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Ventilatory Frequency of Mouse and Hamster
during Microwave-Induced Heat Exposure. Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. J. Gordon, and M. D. Long. 1984, 12p EPA/600/J-
84/148
Pub. in Respiration Physiology 56, p81 -90 1984.
Ventilatory frequency was recorded in unrestrained
mice and hamsters using microwave radiation. The
microwave exposure system was also used to impart
varying heat loads to the rodents at ambient tempera-
tures of 10, 20 and 30 C, The absorbed heat load ac-
crued from microwave exposure was measured as the
time-averaged rate of energy absorption per unit body
weight or specific absorption rate (SAR, W/kg). In both
species there was an inverse relationship between
ambient temperature (Ta) and threshold SAR to invoke
an increase in ventilatory frequency. However, the
threshold SAR's for mice were 270 to 450% higher
than for hamsters depending on Ta. Above threshold
SAR the increase in ventilatory frequency per unit ele-
vation in SAR increased directly with Ta in mice but not
with hamsters. On the basis of rate absorbed energy
normalized to body weight (i.e., W/kg), mice can toler-
ate much more heat from microwave exposure than
hamsters. The differences in sensitivity to microwave
exposure in the mouse and hamster are probably at-
tributable to species-specific characteristics, and es-
pecially differences in body mass and, consequently,
passive heat loss.
Keywords: "Microwaves, "Breathing frequency, "Heat,
Respiration, Hamsters, Mice, Temperature, Reprints.
PB85-124600/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Toxicity of Mercuric Chloride to the Developing
Rat Kidney. 2. Effect of Increased Dosages on
Renal Function In Suckling Pups. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
G. P. Daston, J. A. Gray. B. Carver, and R. J, Kavlock.
1984, 13p EPA/600/J-84/149
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 74, p35-
451984.
Toxicity of Mercuric Chloride to the Developing Rat
Kidney II. Effect of Increased Dosages on Renal Func-
tion in Suckling Pups. It has been demonstrated that
the sensitivity to HgCI2 nephrotoxicity increases with
maturity in the rat, and that neonates are largely unaf-
fected by a dose of 5 mg/kg. In the present study, im-
mature rat pups were exposed to higher doses of
HgCI2 to determine whether this effect was attributa-
ble to a quantitiative or qualitative difference in the
renal sensitivity to HgCI2. Sprague-Dawley rats were
injected with a single dose of 5,7.5, 10,12.5,20, or 30
mg/kg on Postnatal Day 1, 5, 7.5, 10. 12.5, 15, or 20
mg/kg on Day 8; or 6.25, 7.5, 10, or 12.5 mg/kg on
Day 15. Renal function was evaluated at 24, 48, and
120 hr after treatment by measuring urine volume, os-
molality, urinary pH, and chloride content, the ability to
concentrate urine during water deprivation, and the
presence of protein, glucose, or hemoglobin in urine.
Animals were then killed and their kidneys weighed. A
dose of 20 mg/kg was needed to induce mortality in
pups treated at 1 day of age, and 15 mg/kg was
needed in pups treated at 8 days of age.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Mercuric chloride, Rats, Kid-
neys, Dosage, Reprints.
PB85-124618/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Simple System for the Preliminary Evaluation of
Infectivity and Pathogenesis of Insect Virus in a
Nontarget Estuarine Shrimp. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
J. A. Couch, S. M. Martin, G. Tompkins, and J. Kinney
1984, 9p EPA/600/J-84/134
Pub. in Jnl. of Invertebrate Pathology 43, p351-357
1984. Prepared in cooperation with Department of Ag-
riculture, Beltsville, MD.
Biological control agents (biorationals) are increasingly
important in pest control concepts. Certain insect vi-
ruses, particularly the baculoviruses (nuclear polyhe-
drosis viruses), are considered to have potential as bi-
ological pesticides, and could be used widely in the en-
vironment. Therefore, test animals must be selected
and methods developed to evaluate the safety of bior-
ationals to non-target species. A simple laboratory
system has been designed and tested to determine
risks of infectivity and pathogenicity of an insect Bacu-
lovirus, originally isolated from the Alfalfa looper Auto-
grapha californica, to a non-target arthropod, the grass
shrimp, Palaemonetes vulgaris, by dietary exposure.
This laboratory method also permits testing of other
microbial biorationals against non-target aquatic spe-
cies, and provides an inexpensive, procedure of safety
testing.
Keywords: "Insects, "Viruses, "Pest control, Laborato-
ry animals, Shrimps, Tests, Infectious diseases. Expo-
sure, Safety, Diets, Reprints, "Biological pest control,
"Baculoviruses, Autographa californica, Alfalfa looper,
Palaemonetes vulgaris, Grass shrimps.
PB85-124626/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Laboratory Sediment Toxicity Tests, Sediment
Chemistry and Distribution of Benthic Macroln-
vertebrates In Sediments from the Keweenaw Wa-
terway, Michigan. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
K. W. Malueg, G. S. Schuytema, D. F. Krawczyk, and J.
H. Gakstatter. 1984,11p EPA/600/J-84/137
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v3
p233-242 1984.
Acute laboratory sediment toxicity tests using the
water flea Daphnia magna and the burrowing mayffy
nymph Hexagenia limbata were conducted on sedi-
ments from two areas of the Keweenaw Waterway,
Michigan, to determine whether the tests reflected the
condition of benthic macroinvertebrate communities.
The organisms were tested simultaneously in a recir-
culating bioassay chamber in which Daphnia were
tested during the first two and last two days of a 10-d
Hegagenia test. Sediment from the northern, copper-
impacted portion of the waterway was generally acute-
ly toxic to Daphnia, but not to Hexagenia, while sedi-
ment from the southern, less impacted portion was not
toxic to either organism. Positive relationships existed
between organism mortality, copper content of the
sediment and field distribution of macroinvertebrates.
Keywords: "Sediments, 'Toxicity, "Water pollution,
Laboratory design, Chemical properties, Lakes,
Rivers, Sampling, Benthonic zone, Mortality, Michigan,
Bioassays, Reprints, "Keweenaw Waterway, Daphnia
magna, Hexagenia limbata.
PB85-124634/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Toxicity of Sediments from Three Metal-Contami-
nated Areas. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
K. W. Malueg, G. S. Schuytema, J. H. Gakstatter, and
D. F. Krawczyk. 1984,14p EPA/600/J-84/138
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry v3
p279-291 1984.
Sediments from Phillips Chain of Lakes (Wisconsin)
Torch Lake (Michigan), and Little Grizzly Creek system
(California) were tested for acute toxicity using the
water flea. Daphnia magna, and the burrowing mayfly
nymph, Hexagenia limbata. The organisms were
tested simultaneously in a laboratory recirculating bio-
assay apparatus; Daphnia were tested during the first
two and the last two days of 10-d Hexagenia tests.
Keywords: "Invertebrates, "Toxicity, "Water pollution
"Phillips Chain of Lakes, Sediments, Metals, Bioassay]
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Trace elements, Daphnia, Lead(Metal), Cadmium,
Copper, pH, Atomic spectroscopy, Mortality, Reprints,
Species diversity, Daphnia magma, Water (lea, Hexa-
genia limbata. Mayflies.
PB85-124642/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effacts of Furnace Injection of Sorbent for S02
Control on Electrostatic Precipitator Technology
and Requirements,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab,, Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J. H. Abbott, J. P. Gooch, and J. D. Kilgore. Nov 84,
18p EPA/600/D-84/276
Prepared in cooperation with Southern Research Inst.,
Birmingham, AL.
The paper describes an EPA research program con-
cerning collection of ash/sorbent mixtures. The ef-
fects of furnace sorbent injection on the electrical re-
sistivity and the size distribution of particles suspended
in flue gas have been measured, using various sor-
bents and injection modes with a 1 million Btu/hr pilot-
scale combustion system. Resistivity was measured
both in situ and in the laboratory. It discusses the impli-
cation of the results on electrostatic precipitator per-
formance, together with potential corrective measures
for improving the collection efficiency of ash/sorbent
mixtures.
Keywords: 'Electrostatic precipitators, *Air pollution
control equipment, "Sulfur dioxide, 'Sorbents, Fur-
naces, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Per-
formance evaluation, Injection, Fly ash, Nitrogen
oxides.
PB85-124659/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Vegetative Delineation of Coastal Salt Marsh
Boundaries,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
H. P. Eilers, A. Taylor, and W. Sanville. Nov 84,17p
EPA/600/D-84/275
Prepared in cooperation with California State Univ.,
Fullerton and Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. See also
PB83-107441.
Legislation mandating the protection of wetlands and
current pressures to convert them to other uses em-
phasize the need to accurately determine a wetland-
upland boundary. The authors investigated six meth-
ods designed to establish such a boundary based on
vegetation. Each method was applied to a common
data set obtained from 295 quadrats along 22 tran-
sects between marsh and upland in 13 Oregon and
Washington intertidal saline wetlands. Close agree-
ment between wetland-upland boundaries determined
by the six methods suggests that preclassification of
plants and collection of plant cover data may not be
necessary to determine a defensible boundary.
Keywords: "Vegetation, "Marshes, "Protection,
Boundaries, Legislation, Indicator species,
Plants(Botany), Estimating, Spatial distribution, Cluster
sampling, Classifications, Oregon, Washington(State),
•Salt marshes, Similarity method.
PB85-124667/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Floating Cover System* for Waste Lagoons: Po-
tential Application at Old Inger Site, Louisiana,
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
M. L. Evans, J. P. Meade, and A. N. Tafuri. Nov 84,20p
EPA/600/D-84/273
Contract EPA-68-03-3113
Hazardous liquids are impounded in pits, ponds, and
lagoons at many uncontrolled hazardous waste sites
across the country. As the ranking, remedial investiga-
tions, and feasibility studies proceed at these sites,
many of the lagoons gradually fill with rainwater and
threaten to overflow, thus requiring frequent pump-
down of the impounded liquids to prevent overtopping
and subsequent transport and treatment of the collect-
ed wastes. This practice can be expensive, costing up
to $0.40/gallon depending on the chemicals and haul
distances involved. The overall objective of this project
was to investigate alternative methods for preventing
overtopping of a lagoon, with specific application to
the Old Inger Site in Darrow Louisiana.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, "Hazardous materials,
'Lagoons(Ponds), "Water pollution control, Rainfall,
Overflows, Liquids, Pumping, Coverings, Linings, In-
flatable structures, Construction, Installing, Cost effec-
tiveness, Feasibility, Louisiana, Overtopping.
PB85-124675/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Statistical Relationships between Exposure and
Dose,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
D. T. Mage. Nov 84,13p EPA/600/D-84/274
The health effects of pollutants are often modeled by a
dose-response relationship where the dose may be
the mass of the pollutant delivered to a target body
compartment. Since the dosage cannot be measured,
the subject's personal exposure or the ambient expo-
sure is often used as surrogates for the dosage. As
shown by derivations and simulations, the usage of
personal exposure as a surrogate for dosage leads to
an unbiased relationship. Since the use of ambient ex-
posure as a surrogate for personal exposure can be
treated as an observation of the personal exposure
with measurement error, the use of ambient exposure
as a surrogate for dosage leads to a biased estimate of
dose-response effect. The simulations show that per-
sonal exposure as a surrogate for dosage can lead to
an increased variance of the regression coefficients
relating the measured responses to the scaled
dosage.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Statistical analysis,
"Dosage, "Public health, "Mathematical models, Ex-
posure, Monte Carlo method, Hazardous materials,
"Air pollution effects(Humans), "Air quality, Numerical
solution.
PB85-124683/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Application of SIMCA (Soft Independent Modeling
of Class Analogy) Pattern Recognition to Air Pol-
lutant Analytical Data,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
D. R. Scott. Nov 84,41 p EPA/600/D-84/271
The SIMCA 3B computer program is a modular, graph-
ics oriented pattern recognition package which can be
run on a microcomputer with limited memory, e.g. an
Osborne 1 with 64K memory. Principal component
analysis is used to classify data with this program. The
SIMCA program was used to display small analytical
data sets for exploratory data analysis after principal
component fitting. K-Nearest Neighbor distances were
also computed. The data sets included an interlabora-
tory comparison of trace element analyses of particu-
lates by X-ray emission; a comparison of two methods
for analyzing lead in gasoline; and GC/MS analysis of
volatile organic compounds in ambient air. A combina-
tion of principal component and K-Nearest Neighbor
analysis was found to provide a convenient and quick
method for detecting outliers in the data sets.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Pattern recognition, "Gas
analysis, Computer programs, Trace elements,
Lead(Metal), X-ray analysis, Sampling, Comparison,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), Gasoline,
Exhaust emissions, Gas chromatography, Mass spec-
troscopy, "Air pollution detection, SIMCA program,
Volatile organic compounds.
PB85-124691/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Earthworms as Ecotoxlcologlcal Assessment
Tools,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
C. A. Callahan. Nov 84,14p EPA/600/D-84/272
Increased interest for earthworm research and the
need for soil assessment methods has encouraged
the use of earthworms as assessment organisms.
Earthworms exhibit many advantages for use in as-
sessing the impact of toxic and hazardous materials on
soil systems. Earthworms are known to accumulate
heavy metals, pesticides and other organic chemicals
supporting their importance as a model for assessing
the general impact to the soil community. Laboratory
studies have shown impacts on individual growth and
reproduction by metals and organic chemicals. Labo-
ratory and field research to date strongly support the
utility of earthworms for making assessments of eco-
logical impacts associated with toxic agents.
Keywords: "Ecology, "Toxicity, "Soils, "Hazardous
materials, "Solid waste disposal. Environmental, im-
pacts, Assessments, Metals, Pesticides, Organic
chemicals, Accumulation, Populations, Exposure, Bio-
assay, Tests, Growth, Reproduction(Bioiogy), Mortali-
ty, "Earthworms.
PB85-124709/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Inhibition and Enhancement of Oncogenic Cell
Transformation In C3H10T1/2CI8 Cells,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. Nesnow, H. Garland, and G. Curtis. Nov 84,14p
EPA/600/D-84/277
During the last several years, the authors have been
studying the effects of chemicals on the inhibition and
enhancement of oncogenic cell transformation in
C3H10T1/2CI8 mouse embryo fibroblasts (C3H10T1/
2 cells). The findings, summarized in Table 1, indicate
that many diverse chemicals can affect oncogenic cell
transformation. In general, their mechanisms of action
seem to be at the level of the enzymes which are in-
volved in the metabolic activation of the carcinogens
used to transform the cells. Specifically, 7,8-benzofla-
vone, 1,2-naphthoquinone, and phenanthrene-9,10-
quinone inhibit cell transformation by inhibiting cytoch-
rome P-450 mediated oxidation (11, 13).
Benz(a)anthracene, 5,6-benzoflavone, phenobarbital,
and pregnenolone-16-alpha-carbonitrile enhance cell
transformation by inducing the complex of cytochrome
P-450 mixed-function oxidases and increase the ability
C3H10T1/2 cells to metabolize carcinogens (14). Cy-
clohexane, cyclohexane oxide, 1,2-dihydronaphtha-
lene, stryene oxide and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphtha-
lene-1,2-oxide enhance cell transformation by inhibit-
ing epoxide hydratase and thus allow increased levels
of active arena oxides to accumulate in the cells (13).
Keywords: "Cells(Biology), "Toxicology, Inhibition, En-
hancement, Fibroblasts, "Oncology, Toxic sub-
stances.
PB85-124881/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Review of In-Place Treatment Techniques for
Contaminated Surface Soils. Volume 1. Technical
Evaluation. Final rept. May 82-Sep 84,
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
R. Sims, and J. Bass. Sep 84,176p* EPA/540/2-84/
003A
Contracts EPA-68-03-3113, EPA-68-01-6160
See also Volume 2, PB85-124899. Prepared in coop-
eration with Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.,
and Utah Water Research Lab., Logan.
This two-volume report presents information on in-
place treatment technologies applicable to contami-
nated soils at shallow depths. This volume discusses
the selection of the appropriate in-place treatment
technology for a particular site and provides specific
information on each technology. Selection of in-place
treatment technologies follows the process outlined in
the National Contingency Plan. The type of in-place
treatment (extraction, immobilization, degradation, at-
tenuation, or reduction of volatiles) is determined on
the basis of information available from the remedial in-
vestigation. Selection of a specific technology involves
assessment of waste, soil, and site-specific variables.
The technology is implemented if it is considered more
cost-effective in comparison with the other alterna-
tives.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, "Solid waste disposal,
"Soil analysis, "Soil properties, "Hazardous materials,
"Leaking, Reviews, Technology, Sites, Substitutes,
Extraction, Precipitation(Chemistry), Sorption, Mois-
ture control, Degradation, Attenuation, Ion exchang-
ing, Vaporizing, Immobilization, Temperature, pH, Nu-
trients, Biodeterioration, Photolysis, Revisions. Heavy
metals, State of the art.
PB85-124899/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Review of In-Place Treatment Techniques for
Contaminated Surface Soils. Volume 2. Back-
ground Information for In situ Treatment. Final
rept. May 82-Sep 84,
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
R. Sims. Nov 84, 389p* EPA/540/2-84/003B
Contract EPA-68-03-3113
See also Volume 1, PB85-124881. Prepared in coop-
eration with Utah Water Research Lab., Logan.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
This two-volume report presents information on in-
place treatment technologies applicable to contami-
nated soils at shallow depths. This volume provides
background information and relevant chemical data.
The information presented on monitoring to determine
treatment effectiveness, characterization, and evalua-
tion of the behavior and fate of hazardous constituents
in soil/waste systems, and properties (including ad-
sorption, degradation, and volatilization parameters)
for various compounds is intended to help the user in
making more complex decisions and in selecting anal-
yses concerning site, soil, and waste interactions.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, "Soil analysis, 'Solid
waste disposal, 'Hazardous materials, 'Chemical
properties, Technology, Reviews, Adsorption, Degra-
dation, Vaporizing, Sites, Chemical compounds, Sam-
pling, Transport properties, Microbiology, Chemical re-
actions, "Path of pollutants, Heavy metals.
PB85-124915/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Hexachlorocy-
clopentadlene. Final Report,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
D. J. Reisman. Nov 84,177p EPA/600/8-84/001 F
The Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
of the Office of Research and Development has pre-
pared this health assessment document (HAD) at the
request of the Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards. Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (HEX) is an interme-
diate in the pesticide and flame retardant manufactur-
ing processes and is currently being studied by the En-
vironmental Protection Agency (EPA) to determine if it
should be regulated as a hazardous air pollutant under
the Clean Air Act. The scientific literature and key stud-
ies have been reviewed and evaluated and summaries
and conclusions have been directed at the health ef-
fects from exposure to HEX. This peer-reviewed docu-
ment contains information on HEX covering toxicity,
environmental fate and transport, aquatic effects, mu-
tagenicity, epidemiology, teratogenicity and other
health effects data. The data base is neither extensive
nor adequate for assessing the carcinogenicity or
long-term health effects of acute or low-level chronic
exposure to HEX.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Hazardous materials, Expo-
sure, Toxicity, Assessments, Carcinogens, Reviews,
Fire resistant coatings, Air pollution, Chlorine organic
compounds, "Cyclopentadiene/hexachloro, "Air qual-
ity, "Air pollution effects(Humans).
PBS5-125466/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Role of Spontaneous Abortion Studies in Environ-
mental Research. Final rept. Jul 80-82,
Columbia Univ., New York.
J. Kline, Z. Stein, M. Hatch, and B. Strobino. Nov 84,
72p EPA/600/1-84/024
Grant EPA-R-807355
Prepared in cooperation with New York State Psychiat-
ric Inst., New York.
The utility of studies of spontaneous abortion in detect-
ing hazards to reproduction which arise in the work
place or environment is assessed.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Industrial hy-
giene, "Hazardous materials, "Abortions, Exposure,
Risk, Toxicity, Research projects, Tables(Data), Sur-
veys, Reproduction systems, "Occupational safety
and health, "Toxic substances.
PB85-125474/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Water Distribution System as a Potential Source
of Mutagens in Drinking Water,
Syracuse Research Corp., NY. Center for Chemical
Hazard Assessment.
D. K. Basu, J. Saxena, F. W. Stoss, J. Santodonato,
and M. W. Neal. Nov84, 205p* SRC/TR-81/620,
EPA/600/1-84/019
Grant EPA-R-806413
The primary objective of this study was to examine the
changes in concentration of 6 PAHs and the possibility
of changes in mutagenic potential of treated waters as
a result of leaching during their passage through com-
monly used distribution pipes in the U.S. With the ex-
256 Vol. 90, No. 24
ception of Wheeling, WV treated water, which showed
an unusually high total polycyclic aromatic hydrocar-
bon concentration of 138.5 ppt, the total polycyclic ar-
omatic hydrocarbon concentration in all other treated
water ranged from 0 to 13.4 ppt. The corresponding
total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration in
water after their passage through the distribution pipes
varied fro m 0 to 61.6 ppt. This indicates a small in-
crease of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentra-
tion in waters as a result of their passage through the
asphalt-lined distribution pipes. Mutagenic activity was
also detected in many of the water samples treated,
however, the levels of this activity did not correlate
with either the transit of water through the distribution
system or the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocar-
bon in the water. There was some evidence to indicate
that the water treatment process itself may have con-
tributed to the mutagenicity observed in the finished
water and that compounds responsible for the ob-
served activity were different from the low molecular
weight chlorinated compounds produced during chlor-
ination.
Keywords: "Distribution systems, "Water distribution,
"Mutagens, "Potable water, "Water treatment, Water
pollution, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons,
Concentration(Composition), Sampling, Chlorination,
Sources, Tables(Data), "Water pollution sampling,
Wheeling(West Virginia).
PB85-125490/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Green River Air Quality Model Development: Me-
teoroglcal and Tracer Data-Field Study in Brush
Valley, Colorado, July-August, 1982,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
C. D. Whiteman, R. N. Lee, M. M. Orgill, and B. D. Zak.
Nov 84,155p EPA/600/3-84/106
Prepared in cooperation with Sandia National Labs.,
Albuquerque, NM.
Special meteorological and atmospheric tracer studies
were conducted during a three-week period in July and
August of 1982 in the Brush Creek Valley of northwest-
ern Colorado. The experiments were conducted by the
U.S. Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest Labo-
ratory (PNL) as part of the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency-sponsored Green River Ambient Model
Assessment (GRAMA) program. The objective of the
field experiments was to obtain data to evaluate a
model called VALMET, developed at PNL to predict
dispersion of air pollutants released from an elevated
stack located within a deep mountain valley in the
post-sunrise temperature inversion breakup period.
Three tracer experiments were conducted in the valley
during the two-week period. In these experiments,
sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) was released from a height of
approximately 100 m, beginning before sunrise and
continuing until the nocturnal down-valley winds re-
versed several hours after sunrise. Dispersion of the
sulfur hexafluoride after release was evaluated by
measuring SF6 concentrations in ambient air samples
taken from sampling devices operated within the valley
up to about 8 km down valley from the source. An in-
strumented research aircraft was also used to meas-
ure concentrations in and above the valley.
Keywords: "Mathematical models, "Meteorology, "Air
pollution, Sulfur hexafluoride, Sampling,
Concentration(Composition), Green River, Brush
Creek Valley, Colorado, Field tests, Aerial surveys, "Air
quality, "Tracer techniques.
PB85-125516/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Asbestiform Fibers: Nonoccupational Health
Risks. Final rept.
National Ftesearch Council, Washington, DC.
Feb 84.354p* ISBN-0-309-03446-9
Contract EPA-68-01-4655
Library of Congress catalog card no. 84-60249.
The Committee considered the health risks posed by
nonoccupational airborne exposures to asbestos and
other natural or synthetic asbestiform fibers. The issue
is important because many people may be exposed to
these materials, although at relatively low levels. The
EPA asked the NAS to undertake a study with two
goals: to evaluate the human health risks associated
with nonoccupational exposure to asbestiform fibers,
with emphasis on inhalation of outdoor and indoor air,
and; to determine the extent to which the physical-
chemical properties of the fibers may be associated
with the development of various human diseases and
the extent to which such information may be incorpo-
rated into assessing health risks resulting from expo-
sure to the fibers. The committee found that much
more information is available about asbestos than
about the other materials of concern. Nonoccupational
exposure to asbestiform fibers in air present a risk to
human health. The extent of the risk is highly uncer-
tain, depending on the nature and amount of exposure
and other factors. The committee made several rec-
ommendations, i.e., systematic monitoring and charac-
terization of asbestiform fibers with standardized
methods should be undertaken on nonoccupational
environments, including urban, rural, indoor, and out-
door locations where exposure may be of special con-
cern; cessation of cigarette smoking should be encour-
aged.
Keywords: "Asbestos, "Public health, "Air pollution,
"Toxicology, Exposure, Physical properties, Chemical
properties, Risks, Urban areas, Fibers, Assessments,
"Indoor air pollution.
PB85-125656/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
USEPA (United States Environmental Protection
Agency) Research Grants and Centers Summary
of Awards Fiscal Year 1980 thru Fiscal Year 1983.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Exploratory Research.
Sep 84,354p* EPA/600/8-84/025
The USEPA is charged, through a series of laws and
executive orders, with reducing air and water pollution
and finding a comprehensive approach to solving
other environmental problems associated with toxic
and hazardous substances. EPA's Office of Research
and Development funds research, development and
demonstration efforts in support of EPA's mandate.
This is done through research grants, cooperative
agreements, and negotiated contracts. Research
grants are utilized mainly in support of investigator-initi-
ated, long-range research activities which are subject
to a highly competitive, extramural peer-review, and in-
house priority process. The long-range agenda com-
menced in FY 1980 with a research grants activity. The
contents of this Summary of Awards includes essen-
tially all such grants issued since the program's incep-
tion as the Office of Research Grants and Centers, in
the Office of Exploratory Research located in EPA's
headquarters, Washington, DC.
Keywords: "Research projects, "Environmental sur-
veys, "Grants, "Hazardous materials, 'Environmental
protection agency, "Toxic substances.
PB85-125664/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Comparative Evaluation of GC/MS (Gas Chroma-
tography/Mass Spectrometry) Data Analysis
Processing. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
E. D. Pellizzari, T. Hartwell, and J. Crowder. Nov 84,
168p EPA/600/3-84/105
Contract EPA-68-02-3235
Mass spectra obtained by fused silica capillary gas
chromatography/mass spectrometry/data system
(GC/MS/DS) analysis of mixtures of organic chemi-
cals adsorbed on Tenax GC cartridges was subjected
to manual and automated interpretative techniques
Synthetic mixtures (85 chemicals representing 15
chemical classes) were prepared to simulate the fol-
lowing design effects: (1) the occurrence of similar or
dissimilar overlapping mass spectra from two or more
constituents present in unresolved gas chromatogra-
phic peaks; (2) the occurrence of similar and dissimilar
proportions (concentrations) of unresolved compo-
nents in gas chromatographic peaks; and (3) the pres-
ence of different chemical classes in a mixture. Envi-
ronmental samples from seven different geographical
areas in the Continental U.S. were collected and ana-
lyzed. Using synthetic mixtures the interpretative meth-
ods evaluated for accuracy were: (1) manual (skilled
interpreter); (2) Incos data software; (3) Mass Spectra
Fourier Transformed/Search software; and (4) an RTl
Mass Spectral Search System. A Rindfleisch deconvo-
lution program was also applied to raw data prior to
using the automated procedures. Only manual, incos
and the RTl system were evaluated with environmen-
tal samples. The deconvolution program was also part
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Hazardous mate-
rials, "Gas analysis, "Information systems, Air pollu-
tion, Gas chromatography, Mass spectroscopy, Or-
ganic compounds, Comparison, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Chemical analysis, "Air
pollution detection, Computer applications.
PB85-125672/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Isolation and Concentration of Organic Sub-
stances trom Water - Using Synthetic Resins and
Graphitized Carbon Black. Final rept.,
Georgia Inst, ot Tech., Atlanta. School ot Civil Engi-
neering.
E. S. K. Chian, J. H. Reuter, and M. F. Giabbai. Nov 84,
124p EPA/600/1-84/025
Contract EPA-68-03-3000
This research program was initiated with the overall
objective of developing a practical method for the con-
centration of trace amounts of organic compounds in
water for use in biological testing. The principle behind
the isolation-fractionation scheme developed in this
program is to separate dissolved organics into frac-
tions by adsorption onto different adsorbants (i.e.,
XAD-8 resin, AG MP-50 cation exchange resin, and
graphitized carbon (black) under varying pH condi-
tions. Twenty-two model organic compounds covering
a broad spectrum of chemical classes, functional
groups and molecular weights were used to monitor
process performance. Lab-scale experiments, were
performed in an effort to determine optimum condi-
tions for the final pilot-scale evaluation of the isolation-
fractionation scheme. The amounts of each model
compound in each fraction were monitored using GC/
MS procedures that were developed specifically for
this program. Recoveries ranging from 30 to 90% were
obtained for fifteen of the twenty-two compounds. The
results of the pilot-scale study utilizing five 100-liter
test solutions spiked with model compounds at micro-
gram/L concentrations confirmed those of the lab-
scale studies.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, "Organic compounds,
"Trace elements, "Carbon black, *lon exchanging,
Distillation, Chemical analysis, Gas chromatography,
Mass spectroscopy, Cation exchanging, Separation,
Performance evaluation, Concentration(Composition),
"Water pollution detection, XAD 8 resins.
PB85-125821/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Chromosome Studies on Human Subjects Ex-
posed to Arsenic in Drinking Water,
Nevada Univ., Reno. Dept. of Biology.
B. K. Vig. Nov 84, 62p EPA/600/1-84/023
Contract EPA-68-03-3170
A two-year study was carried out on human subjects of
various ages and backgrounds who have been drink-
ing water containing 0.05 mg/l (0.05 ppm) or more ar-
senic for a period of at least 5 years. A control group
that had been exposed to arsenic in drinking water at
concentrations less than 0.05 mg/l was usedfor some
aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in the lym-
phocytes of the two populations with the amount of ar-
senic in the water they have been drinking. Besides, a
questionnaire was designed to explore the incidence
of skin cancer, fetal wastage, any genetic develop-
ment abnormalities in the family and related param-
eters. Several other variables, e.g., coffee, wine and
cigarette consumption, sex, residence (rural vs. urban)
and exposure to chemicals, smelter and pesticides
were taken into consideration. The study involved the
city of and areas in the vicinity of Reno, Nevada, USA.
This study on chromosome aberrations (104 exposed
and 86 control individuals) and on sister chromatid ex-
changes (98 exposed and 83 control individuals) did
not show that arsenic at a mean level of 0.109 mg/l
has any effect on these parameters. Similarly, no
effect of arsenic at these modest concentrations was
found on other health parameters studied.
Keywords: "Arsenic, "Potable water, 'Humans, •Chro-
mosomes, Exposure, Surveys, Nevada. Toxicology,
'Water pollution effects(Humans), Reno(Nevada).
Sorption Properties of Model Compounds on C18
Adsorbents. Final rept.,
Colorado Univ. at Boulder.
H. F. Walton. Nov 84,46p EPA/600/1-84/026
The bonded silica adsorbent Bondapak-C18 was eval-
uated for removing organic matter from secondary
sewage effluents and from solutions of pure organic
compounds. The adsorbent is hydrophobic and its be-
havior with water samples may be erratic unless first
wet with a solvent. However, water- ethanol mixtures
behaved reproducibly and gave linear adsorption
isotherms. Part of the effort was aimed at developing
liquid-chromatographic methods of analysis for organ-
ic constituents of wastewater. For this work microparti-
culate adsorbents were used in combination with a
Sep-Pak precolumn for rapid trace enrichment. Identi-
fication of the many chromatographic peaks was ham-
pered by incomplete resolution. The chromatograms,
however, were reproducible permitting comparisons of
different effluents and tertiary treatment processes.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Sorption, Organic
compounds, Chemical analysis, Performance evalua-
tion, Trace elements, *Bondapak-C18 adsorbent, 'Or-
ganic matter, 'Water pollution detection, Liquid chro-
matography, Secondary sewage treatment, Tertiary
treatment.
PC A04/MF A01
Research Triangle
PB85-125847/HSU
Health Effects Research Lab
Park, NC.
Reoviruses in Water Pollution Testing. Final rept.,
Utah State Univ., Logan.
R. S. Spendlove, B. B. Barnett, D. B. George, D. J.
Adams, and D. N. Ridinger. Nov 84, 59p EPA/600/1-
84/022
Grant EPA-R-806527
Twelve cell lines were tested to determine their sensi-
tivity to reoviruses of three serotypes that had been
isolated from sewage. Madin-Darby bovine kidney
(MDBK) cells were the most susceptible. Sewage-Iso-
lated, protamine-precipitated reoviruses were ajso
used in conjunction with MDBK cells in a comparative
evaluation of immunofluorescent cell count (ICC) and
plaque assay procedures. Immunofluorescence assay
is more sensitive and more rapid than plaque assay
procedure for quantifying reoviruses recovered from
sewage. A procedure for protamine sulfate precipita-
tion of reoviruses and rotaviruses was developed.
Some reoviruses recovered from sewage were inacti-
vated by enzyme treatment. This report describes a
study to evaluate reoviruses for their potential useful-
ness in water quality testing.
Keywords: 'Reoviruses, 'Water pollution, Tests,
Sewage, Enzymes, Recovery, Bioassay,
Tolerances(Physiology),	Protamines,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Evaluation, Abundance,
Safety, 'Rotaviruses.
PB85-125961/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Motor Vehicle Tampering Survey - 1983. Final
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Field Operations and Support Div.
J. Holley, and D. Williams. Aug 84,53p EPA/460/1 -
84/001
See also PB83-215491.
The Environmental Protection Agency conducted a
survey of 1,831 light-duty motor vehicles for tampering
with emissions control devices. All vehicles inspected
were classified into one of four mutually exclusive cat-
egories: tampered (at least one control device re-
moved or rendered inoperative), arguably tampered
(potential, but not clear-cut tampering), malfunctioning,
and okay (all control devices present and apparently
operating properly). The results were: tampered - 26%,
arguably tampered - 30%, malfunctioning - 3%, and
okay - 41 %. The survey also found that 14 percent of
the vehicles were subject to fuel switching (using
leaded gas in vehicles requiring unleaded fuel).
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Air pollution control equip-
ment, Fuels, Exhaust emissions, Inspection, Data ac-
quisition, Surveys, "Tampering.
PB85-125839/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
PB85-125979/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Speciation of Selenium in Groundwater. Rept. for
Mar 82-Mar 83,
Montgomery (James M.), Inc., Pasadena, CA.
J. A. Oppenheimer, A. D. Eaton, and P. H. Kreft. Nov
84, 38p EPA/600/2-84/190
A study was conducted to investigate ion chromatog-
raphy (IC) for determining selenium species in ground-
waters. Analytical speciation of selenium was investi-
gated because the removal efficiencies of various
processes for selenium removal (activated alumina in
particular) depend on which species (Se IV or Se VI) is
predominant in the groundwaters. In addition to inves-
tigating IC, the study aimed to determine a preserva-
tion technique for maintaining species integrity, and to
analyze field samples taken from seleniferous regions
to assess which of the two selenium species predomi-
nates.
Keywords: 'Selenium, "Ground water, "Water analy-
sis, "Water treatment, Chemical analysis, Field tests,
Assessments, Concentration(Composition), Sampling,
Potable water, Performance evaluation, "Ion chroma-
tography, 'Water pollution detection.
PB85-126027/HSU	PC E99
Air Quality Criteria for Ozone and Other Photo-
chemical Oxidants. External Review Draft.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Jul 84,1677p-in 5v
Set includes PB85-126035 through PB85-126076.
No abstract available.
PB85-126035/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Air Quality Criteria for Ozone and Other Photo-
chemical Oxidants. External Review Draft. Volume
1,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
D. E. Gardner, J. H. B. Garner, J. A. Graham, J. A.
Hodgeson, and T. J. Kulle. Jul 84,219p* EPA/600/8-
84/020A-1
See also Volume 2, PB85-126043. Prepared in coop-
eration with Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle
Park, NC., Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, and
Maryland Univ., Baltimore.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB85-
126027.
Scientific information is presented and evaluated rela-
tive to the health and welfare effects associated with
exposure to ozone and other photochemical oxidants.
Though not intended as a complete, detailed literature
review, the document covers pertinent literature
through 1983 and early 1984. Data on health and wel-
fare wects are emphasized, but additional information
is provided for understanding the nature of the oxidant
pollution problem and for evaluating the reliability of ef-
fects data as well as their relevance to potential expo-
sures to ozone and other photochemical oxidants at
concentrations occurring in ambient air. Separate
chapters are presented on the following exposure-re-
lated topics pertaining to ozone and other photochemi-
cal oxidants: properties, chemistry, and measurement:
concentrations typically found in ambient air; formation
and transport once formed; and nature, source, meas-
urement, and concentrations of precursors. The spe-
cific areas addressed by chapters on health and wel-
fare effects are: the toxicological appraisal of effects of
ozone and other oxidants; effects observed in con-
trolled, human exposures; effects observed in field and
epidemiological studies; effects on vegetation seen in
field and controlled exposures; effects on natural and
agroecosystems; and effects on nonbiological materi-
als observed in field and chamber studies.
Keywords: 'Ozone, "Air pollution, "Oxidizers, "Regu-
lations, Exposure, Photochemistry, Chemical proper-
ties, Sources, Concentration(Composition),
Tables(Data), Field tests, Test chambers, Ecology, Ep-
idemiology, Public health, *Air quality, 'Atmospheric
chemistry, 'Air pollution effects(Humans), 'Air pollu-
tion effects(Animal8), 'Air pollution effects(Plants),
'Air pollution effects(Materials).
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB85-126043/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Air Quality Criteria for Ozone and Other Photo-
chemical Oxidants. External Review Draft. Volume
2,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
M. W. Holdren, T. B. McMullen, B. E. Tilton, and H.
Westberg. Jul 84, 468p* EPA/600/8-84/020A-2
See also Volume 1, PB85-126035, Volume 3, PB85-
126050, and PB80-124753. Prepared in cooperation
with Battelle Columbus Labs., OH., and Washington
State Univ., Pullman.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB85-
126027.
The purpose of this document is to review and evalu-
ate the scientific literature on ozone and related oxi-
dants and to document their effects on public health
and welfare. Such documentation provides the Agency
with a scientific basis for deciding whether regulations
controlling these pollutants are necessary and for de-
riving such ambient air quality standards as may be
needed.
Keywords: "Ozone, *Air pollution, 'Oxidizers, 'Regu-
lations, Exposure, Photochemistry, Chemical proper-
ties, Sources, Concentration(Composition), Sources,
Tables(Data), Field tests. Test chambers, Ecology, Ep-
idemiology, Public health, "Air quality, 'Atmospheric
chemistry, Air pollution effects(Humans), Air pollution
effects(Animals), Air pollution effects(Plants), Air pollu-
tion effects(Materials).
PB85-126050/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Air Quality Criteria for Ozone and Other Photo-
chemical Oxidants. External Review Draft. Volume
3,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
R. M. Adams, J. H. B. Garner, L. W. Kress, J. A.
Laurence, and R. Oshima. Jul 84, 406p* EPA/600/8-
84/020A-3
See also Volume 2, PB85-126043, and Volume 4,
PB85-126068. Prepared in cooperation with Oregon
State Univ., Corvallis, Argonne National Labs., IL., Cor-
nell Univ., Ithaca, NY., and California State Dept. of
Food and Agriculture, Sacramento.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB85-
126027.
This review of the effects of photochemical oxidants
on vegetation and the responses of vegetation to pho-
tochemical oxidants first discusses the general meth-
odologies used in studies of air pollution effects to pro-
vide a basis for understanding the methods, approach-
es, and experimental designs used in the studies dis-
cussed in this chapter. Ozone and PAN are discussed
separately, but the discussions of each will follow the
same general outline, which includes (1) mode of
action of the pollutant; (2) physical, biological, and
chemical factors that alter plant response; and (3) pri-
mary emphasis on the effects of the individual pollut-
ants on the response of plants to various concentra-
tions and durations of exposure.
Keywords: 'Ozone, * Air pollution, 'Oxidizers, 'Regu-
lations, Exposure, Photochemistry, Chemical proper-
ties, Sources, Concentration(Composition),
Tables(Data), Field tests, Test chambers, Ecology, Ep-
idemiology, Public health, "Air quality, 'Atmospheric
chemistry. Air pollution effects(Humans), Air pollution
effects(Animals), "Air pollution effects(Plants), Air pol-
lution effects(Materials).
PB85-126068/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Air Quality Criteria tor Ozone and Other Photo-
chemical Oxidants. External Review Draft. Volume
4,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.	_ „
D. E. Gardner, J. A. Graham, S. M. Loscutoff, D. B.
Menzel, and D. L. Morgan. Jun 84, 289p* EPA/600/8-
84/020A-4
See also Volume 3, PB85-126050, and Volume 5,
PB85-126076 Prepared in cooperation with Northrop
Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC., and Duke
Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB85-
126027.
This chapter discusses the effects of ozone on experi-
mental animals. Carefully controlled studies of the ef-
fects of ozone on animals are particularly important in
elucidating subtle effects not easily found in man
through epidemiological studies and in identifying
chronic toxicity not apparent from short-term con-
trolled human exposures. Animal studies allow investi-
gations into the effects of ozone exposure over a life-
time, uncomplicated by the presence of other pollut-
ants. In the animal experiments presented here, a
broad range of ozone concentrations have been stud-
ied, and many of the effects of ozone are reasonably
well described.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Air pollution, "Oxidizers, "Regu-
lations, Laboratory animals, Exposure, Photochemis-
try, Chemical properties, Sources,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), Field
tests, Test chambers, Ecology, Epidemiology, Public
health, "Air quality, "Atmospheric chemistry, Air pollu-
tion effects(Humans), "Air pollution effects(Animals),
Air pollution effects(Plants), Air pollution
effects(Materials).
PB85-126076/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Air Quality Criteria for Ozone and Other Photo-
chemical Oxidants. External Review Draft. Volume
5,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
D. H. Horstman, S. M. Horvath, and J. A. Raub. Jul 84,
295p* EPA-600/8-84/020A-5
See also Volume 4, PB85-126068. Prepared in coop-
eration with California Univ., Santa Barbara.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB85-
126027.
In 1977 the National Research Council report on
ozone and other photochemical oxidants stated a
need for comprehensive human experimental studies
that were carefully controlled and documented to
ensure reproducibility. This statement was under-
standable, considering that the major portion of the re-
port's section on controlled human studies was devot-
ed to reviews of test methods, protocol designs,
review of a scant amount of published data, and rec-
ommendations for future studies. The available data
on controlled studies through 1975 were limited to
some 20 publications. Nonetheless, this data base
represented a substantial increase above the informa-
tion available prior to 1970, and it became evident that
exposure to 03 at low ambient concentrations resulted
in some degree of pulmonary dysfunction. In this chap-
ter, emphasis has been placed on the more recent lit-
erature; however, some of the older studies have been
reviewed again. Tables have been provided to give the
reader an overview of the studies discussed in the text
and provide some additional information about meas-
urement techniques and exposure protocols. Unless
otherwise stated, the 03 concentrations presented in
the text and tables are the levels cited in the original
manuscript.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Air pollution, "Oxidizers, "Regu-
lations, Exposure, Photochemistry, Chemical proper-
ties, Sources, Concentration(Composition),
Tables(Data), Field tests, Test chambers, Ecology, Ep-
idemiology, Public health, "Air quality, "Atmospheric
chemistry, "Air pollution effects(Humans), Air pollution
effects(Animals), Air pollution effects(Plants), Air pollu-
tion effects(Materials).
PB85-126126/HSU	PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Characterization of Emissions from Advanced
Automotive Power Plant Concepts,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
D. A. Montalvo, and C. T. Hare. Nov 84,485p EPA/
600/3-84/108
Contract EPA-68-02-2703
Emissions from three diesel cars using two fuel formu-
lations were assessed. The three diesel cars included
a prototype naturally-aspirated Fiat 131, a prototype
turbocharged Rat 131, and a 1981 Oldsmobile Cutlass
Supreme. Each Fiat was tested with and without a pro-
totype catalytic trap. Vehicle operating procedures
used for test purposes included the 1981 Federal Test
Procedures as well as the Highway Fuel Economy
Test, the New York City Cycle, and an 85 km/hr
steady-state cruise. Both regulated and unregulated
gaseous and particulate emissions were measured.
Organic solubles in particulate were analyzed for vari-
ous constituents and characteristics including fraction-
ation by relative polarity, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), and
mutagenic activity by Ames bioassay. Application of
the catalytic trap oxidizer system to the Fiat prototypes
resulted in significant reductions of organic and carbon
monoxide emissions under all transient driving condi-
tions examined. Total particulate emissions were re-
duced an average of 55 percent with the turbocharged
engine and 65 percent with the naturally-aspirated
engine. The Ames assay mutagenic response (rever-
tants/microgram) of the particulate phase organics
was elevated by the catalytic exhaust aftertreatment
device, however the emission rates (revertants/km)
were reduced an average of 66 percent with the turbo-
charged and 73 percent with the naturally-aspirated
engines.
Keywords: "Exhaust emissions, 'Engines, "Air pollu-
tion, "Fuel consumption, Automobiles, Particles, Bio-
assay, Mutagens, Catalysts, Tests, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Diesel engines, Amines,
Aldehydes, Hydrocarbons, Phenols, Cyanides, Inor-
ganic sulfides, Organic sulfides, Ammonia, Benzopyr-
enes, Catalytic reactors(Exhaust systems), Turbo-
chargers.
PB85-127132/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, MO.
Region VII.
Cancer Mortality Excess in Counties of Missouri,
Iowa, Nebraska, and Kansas. Part 2. Appendix.
Final rept. 1968-1977,
Kansas Univ. Coll. of Health Sciences and Hospital,
Kansas City. Dept. of Community Health.
J. S. Neuberger. 1 Sep81,63p EPA/907/9-81/015B
Contract EPA-K-0575-NTEX
See also PB85-119626.
Part II contains tabular data on cancer deaths, popula-
tion, county groups, and statewide cancer rates. See
Abstract for Part I for information on study design and
conclusions.
Keywords: 'Malignant neoplasms, "Mortality, Compar-
ison, Missouri, Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, Carcinogens,
Air pollution, Lead ores, Zinc ores.
PB85-127165/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Measurement of Cadmium, Lead, Zinc, and Calci-
um in Selected Populations In the United States.
Final rept..
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
R. J. Prevost, R. E. Thomas, and J. B. Tillery. Nov 84,
125p EPA/600/1-84/021
As part of a continuing national and international
survey of cadmium ingestion, a study was performed
to estimate the daily intake of cadmium and other
metals in two low-income populations in the U.S.: rural
blacks and urban hispanics of Mexican-American herit-
age. More than 260 persons were recruited and sur-
veyed. Feces, urine, and blood were collected from
each participant and analyzed for Cd, Pb, Zn, Ca, and
Fe; blood was also analyzed for iron-binding capacity
and hemoglobin; and urine was also analyzed for
beta2-microg!obulln and creatinine. Results indicate
that ingestion rates of cadmium in both populations are
slightly lower than levels reported previously for the
general U.S. population, and ingestion rates of lead
are considerably lower (less than one half) than levels
reported previously for the general population. It was
concluded that nonoccupational exposures of these
two population groups to cadmium and lead through
ingestion is no greater than and is probably less than
that experienced by the general population of the
United States.
Keywords: "Public health, "Populations, "Toxicity
"Environmental surveys, Urban areas, Rural areas, Ex-
posure, Cadmium, Lead(Metal), Zinc, Calcium
Concentration(Composition), Ingestion(Biology), Sur-
veys, United States, Metals, Hemoglobin, "Toxic sub-
stances, Cigarette smoking.
PB85-127199/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianala
Park, NC,	v
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Recovery of Trace Organic Compounds by the
Parfait/Distillation Method. Final rept. Jan 80-Jul
83,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Inst, for Environ-
mental Studies.
J. B. Johnston, C. Josefson, and R. Trubey. Nov 84,
80p EPA/600/1-84/013
A modified parfait/distillation method was developed
that recovers a wide range of neutral, catonic, anionic,
and hydrophobic contaminants form water. Porous po-
lytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Teflon, duPont) was iden-
tified as an ideal first filtering-adsorbing bed in the par-
fait train. PTFE removed humic acid and a broad range
of hydrophobic compounds. It was more easily
cleaned and contributed fewer impurities to eluates
than other porous hydrophobic adsorbents tested.
Several types of 0.2 micrometers sterilization filters
were tested. Filters containing nitrocellulose or fiber-
glass appeared to adsorb appreciable amounts of
some model compounds; polycarbonate or polypropyl-
ene filters were less adsorptive. Various ion exchange
resins were evaluated for use in the parfait column. Fi-
nally, the modified parfait method was tested for its
ability to recover 19 model compounds in a synthetic
hard water.
Keywords: "Trace elements, "Organic compounds,
'Distillation, 'Water pollution, Filtration, Revisions,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Ion exchang-
ing.
PB85-127330/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Water Resources Data for New Jersey, Water
Year 1983. Volume 1. Atlantic Slope Basins,
Hudson River to Cape May. Water-data rept.
(Annual) 1 Oct 82-30 Sep 83,
Geological Survey. Trenton, NJ. Water Resources Div.
W. R. Bauersfeld, E. W. Moshinsky, E. A. Pustay, and
F. L. Shaefer. Jul 84, 331 p USGS/WRD/HD-84/053,
USGS/WDR/NJ-83/1
See also PB85-127348.
Water Resources data for the 1983 water year for New
Jersey consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality of ground water. This volume of the
report contains discharge records for 80 gaging sta-
tions; tide summaries for 1 station; stage and contents
for 15 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 68 sur-
face-water sites and 82 wells; and water levels for 50
observation wells. Also included are data for 41 crest-
stage partial-record stations, 17 tidal crest-stage
gages, and 47 low-flow partial-record stations.
Keywords: "Ground water, 'Surface waters, "New
Jersey, Water quality, Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow
rate, Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Cape May, Water
table, Temperature, Hudson River, "Water quality
data, "Hydrologic data, Discharge(Water), Water
levels.
PB8S-127348/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Water Resources Data for New Jersey, Water
Year 1983. Volume 2. Delaware River Basin and
Tributaries to Delaware Bay. Water-data rept.
(Annual) 1 Oct 82-30 Sep 83,
Geological Survey, Trenton, NJ. Water Resources Div.
W. R. Bauersfeld, E. W. Moshinsky, E. A. Pustay, and
F. L. Schaefer. Jul 84,205p USGS/WRD/HD-84/054,
USGS/WDR/NJ-83/2
See also PB84-119734, and PB85-127330. Prepared
in cooperation with New Jersey Dept. of Environmen-
tal Protection, Trenton.
Water Resources data for the 1983 water year for New
Jersey consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality of ground water. This volume of the
report contains discharge records for 23 gaging sta-
tions; tide summaries for 3 stations; stage and con-
tents for 16 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 39
surface-water sites and 72 wells; and water levels for
27 observation wells.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Surface waters, "New
Jersey, Water quality, Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow
rate, Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Tem-
perature, Delaware River Basin, "Water quality data,
"Hydrologic data, Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB85-127470/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Emission from In-Use Heavy-Duty Gasoline
Trucks,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
F. Black, W. Ray, F. King, W. Karches, and R. Bradow.
Nov 84,23p EPA/600/D-84/281
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Apportionment of air pollution to sources requires
knowledge of source emission strengths and/or chem-
ical and physical characteristics. The literature is defi-
cient in data useful for this purpose for heavy-duty
motor vehicles, which can be important sources of air
pollution in select microenvironments. Emission fac-
tors are developed in this study for heavy-duty gaso-
line trucks using chassis dynamometer simulations of
urban driving conditions. The sensitivity of the emis-
sions to such considerations as the characteristics of
the speed-time driving schedule, vehicle payload, and
chassis configuration are examined. Emissions char-
acterization includes total and individual hydrocar-
bons, aldehydes, carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen,
total particulate matter, particulate organics, lead, bro-
mine, chlorine, and the fraction of total particulate less
than 2 microns. Preliminary comparisons of emissions
obtained using transient engine and transient chassis
test procedures are also reported.
Keywords: "Exhaust emissions, "Air pollution,
"Trucks, Sources, Comparison, Chemical properties,
Physical properties, Hydrocarbons, Chlorine, Bromine,
Aldehydes, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Parti-
cles, Lead(Metal), "Heavy duty vehicles.
PB85-127488/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Aquatic Biology Program at the Environmental
Monitoring and Support Laboratory • Cincinnati,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati,
Ohio,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
P. A. Lewis. Nov 84, 8p EPA/600/D-84/282
This report describes briefly the research activities of
the biology staff at Environmental Monitoring and Sup-
port Laboratory-Cincinnati, Ohio.
Keywords: "Aquatic biology, "Biological laboratories,
Research projects, Water pollution, Standards, Toxici-
ty, Fishes, Invertebrates, Sewage treatment.
PB85-127496/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Selected Waterborne Particulates on
Cellular and Molecular Parameters. Final rept. 5
Apr 78-15 Jun 79,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Chemical Biomedical En-
vironmental Research Group.
R. W. Hart, R. Fertel, H. A. I. Newman, and J. R.
Blakeslee. Nov 84,62p EPA/600/1-84/027
Grant EPA-R-804201
Embryonic cultures were used to compare the effects
of six particulate samples, some filtered directly from
drinking water on a cellular, biochemical and molecular
basis. Cytotoxicity was exhibited in human cells for all
agents tested at the highest concentration used (10
mg/ml). All particulates from city drinking waters were
less toxic than commercial chrysotile asbestos. The
particulate samples had varying effectiveness in re-
ducing cell membrane surface complex glycolipids and
high molecular mass glycoproteins. Three particulate
samples were collected from drinking waters from
Duluth, MN, San Francisco, CA and Seattle, WA. The
other three samples included less than 2 micrometer
size fraction of taconite tailings, attapulgite clay, and
particulates collected after an asbestos-cement pipe
was tapped.
Keywords: "Particles, "Experimental design, "Asbes-
tos, "Water pollution, "Toxicity, Potable water,
Concentration(Composition), Cells(Biology), Sampling,
Viruses, Membranes, Biochemistry, Separation,
"Water pollution effects(Humans), Cytotoxicity.
PB85-127504/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Municipal Solid Waste Generated Gas and Leach-
ate: 1974 Summary Report. Final rept.
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati
Nov 84, 159p EPA/600/2-84/164
The report reviews literature and 1974 research deal-
ing with the degradation of municipal solid waste in
sanitary landfills, production of leachate and gas, the
modes of migration of these products, their environ-
mental effects, and methods of control. Leachate pro-
duction can be significantly affected by selection and
design of landfill cover material. When leachate is
formed the per capita discharge of waterborne con-
taminants over a long period will be of the same order
of magnitude as per capita discharges into a sanitary
sewerage system. Soils, especially those that are fine-
grained and of low permeability, are very effective in
controlling the migration of leachate. Biological, physi-
cal-chemical, and land-based wastewater treatment
methods are effective when leachate must be treated.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Earth fills, "Leach-
ing, "Gas production, Permeability, Water pollution
control, Sewage treatment, Transport properties, Per-
formance evaluation.
PB85-1278S0/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Water Resources Data for South Dakota, Water
Year 1983. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 82-30
Sep 83,
Geological Survey, Huron, SD. Water Resources Div.
E. B. Hoffman, N. F. Leibbrand, D. R. Winter, and R. D.
Benson. Sep 84,279p USGS/WRD/HD-84/063,
USGS/WDR/SD-83/1
See also PB83-102715.
Water Resources Data for the 1983 water year for
South Dakota consists of records of stage, discharge,
and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and
water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels
in wells. This report contains discharge records for 107
gaging stations, stage and contents for 13 lakes and
reservoirs; water quality for 26 gaging stations; and
water levels for 7 observation wells.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Surface waters, "South
Dakota, Water quality, Tables(Data), Stream flow,
Flow rate, Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water table,
Temperature, "Water quality data, "Hydrologic data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB85-127975/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Water Resources Data for New York, Water Year
1983. Volume 1. Eastern New York Excluding
Long Island. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 82-30
Sep 83,
Geological Survey, Albany, NY. Water Resources Div.
R. Lumia, R. J. Archer, P. M. Burke, and F. N. Dalton.
Jun 84,252p USGS/WRD/HD-84/042, USGS/WDR/
NY-83/1
See also PB84-114198, and PB85-127983.
Water resources data for the 1983 water year for New
York consist of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality
of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels of ground-
water wells. This volume contains records for water
discharge at 96 gaging stations; stage only at 5 gaging
stations; and stage and contents at 4 gaging stations,
and 19 other lakes and levels at 24 observation wells.
Locations of these sites are shown on figures 4A and
4B. Also included are data for 52 crest-stage partial-
record stations.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Surface waters, "New
York, Water quality, Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow
rate, Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Tem-
perature, "Water quality data, "Hydrologic data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels, Eastern Region(New
York).
PB85-127991/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Water Resources Data for New York, Water Year
1983. Volume 3. Western New York. Water-data
rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 82-30 Sep 83,
Geological Survey, Ithaca, NY. Water Resources Div.
J. B. Hood, W. H. Johnston, J. H. Zajd, and H. L.
Dixson. Jun 84,218p USGS/WRD/HD-84/034,
USGS/WDR/NY-83/3
See also PB85-127983.
Water resources data for the 1983 water year for New
York consist of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes and
reservoirs; and water levels of ground-water wells.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
This volume contains records for water discharge at 84
gaging stations; stage only at 14 gaging stations; stage
and contents at 6 gaging stations; water quality at 14
gaging stations; and water levels at 20 observation
wells. Also included are data for 63 crest-stage partial-
record stations.
Keywords: 'Ground water, "Surface waters, "New
York, Water quality, Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow
rate, Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Tem-
perature, "Water quality data, "Hydrologic data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels, Western Region(New
York).
PB8S-126056	Not available NTIS
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Ring Fragmentation Reactions on the Photooxida-
tions of Toluene and o-Xylene. Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
P. B. Shepson, E. O. Edney, and E. W. Corse. c1984,
8p EPA/600/J-84/145
Contract EPA-68-02-4033
Pub. in Jnl. of Physical Chemistry, v88 n 18 p4122-4126
1984.
Irradiations of toluene and o-xylene in the CH30N0/
NO/air system (used to generate OH radicals) have
been found to produce significant yields of various C4
and C5 dicarbonyl compounds, aldehydes, and substi-
tuted furans. The mechanistic implications, that is,
product formation via intramolecular reactions of the
initially formed RO and R02 radicals leading to ring
clearage, are discussed in detail. (Copyright (c) Ameri-
can Chemical Society 1984.)
Keywords: "Oxidation, "Toluene, "Xylenes, "Photo-
chemical reactions, "Reaction kinetics, Chemical reac-
tions, Air pollution, Free radicals, Reprints, "Fragmen-
tation reactions, "Chemical reaction mechanisms.
PB85-128163/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Overview of the U.S. EPA (Environmental Protec-
tion Agency) Electrostatic Particulate Research
and Development Program,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
N. Plaks. Nov 84, 10p EPA/600/D-84/278
The U.S. EPA's particulate research and development
program, divided between an in-house laboratory
effort and extramural work at various research insti-
tutes, makes use of electrostatics in most of the work
associated with stack or ducted emissions. Research
facilities which offer a large degree of flexibility and ca-
pability are described. Significant work currently under-
way, making use of electrostatics, includes: (1) smooth
large-diameter discharge electrodes (9-10 mm), that
have been evaluated in 1 /3- and 10-MW pilot units; (2)
the multistage electrostatic precipitator (ESP), consist-
ing of several two-stage ESPs in series, each using
cold-pipe prechargers and collectors with large diame-
ter electrodes; (3) the E-SOX process, combining the
multistage ESP with a spray dryer in an existing ESP,
for simultaneous S02 and fly ash removal (including
injections of soda ash and lime slurry droplets); and (4)
electrostatically augmented fabric filtration with fly ash
(including spray drying by-product material).
Keywords: "Electrostatic precipitators, "Air pollution
control equipment, "Particles, Experimental design,
Research projects, Design criteria, Performance eval-
uation, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Fly
ash, Sulfur dioxide, Filtration.
PB85-128171/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Waterborne Disease Outbreaks in Individual
Water Systems in the United States, 1920-80,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
G F Craun, S. C. Waltrip, and A. F. Hammonds. Nov
84, 28p EPA/600/D-84/279
An analysis of the etiologies and causes of 302 water-
borne outbreaks occurring in individual water systems
during 1920-80 showed Streptococcus typhi to be the
most commonly identified pathogen and use of con-
taminated, untreated well water the major cause of
these outbreaks. These outbreaks resulted in 6701 ill-
nesses and 224 deaths and occurred primarily during
June, July, August, and September.
260 Vol. 90, No. 24
Keywords: "Diseases, United States, Etiology, Con-
tamination, Mortality, "Water pollution
effects(Humans), Pathogens, Streptococcus typhi.
PB85-128189/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Models for Excystation,
Oregon Health Sciences Univ., Portland.
E. A. Meyer, and F. W. Schaefer. Nov 84, 30p EPA/
600/D-84/280
Two methods are described for inducing Giardia lamb-
lia to excyst. Both at times can be shown to yield tro-
phozoites, although the success rate varies widely de-
pending on the investigator and the cyst source. The
excystation procedure for Giardia muris is much more
satisfactory; however, results using it as a substitute or
model for Giardia lamblia should be interpreted with
great caution. It is suggested that all the factors in-
volved in excystation have not been identified as yet.
Several areas that appear to need rapid attention are
the composition of the cyst wall, definition of factors in
the incubation media that promote excystation, and
determination of the presence or absence of endoge-
nous enzymes associated with Giardia trophozoites.
Also a study of the relationship of excystation to infec-
tivity is needed badly. Presently excystation is only a
measure of viability. The investigator interested in
studying Giardia excystation should use these meth-
ods as a starting point for delineating the process even
further.
Keywords: "Cysts, Models, "Excystation, Giardia
lamblia, Giardia muris.
PB85-128197/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheric Aerosols,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
R. K. Stevens. Nov 84, 72p EPA/600/D-84/283
Sampling and analysis requirements for the character-
ization of ambient particles are reviewed. The choice
of sampling equipment and characterization proce-
dures for ambient particles are often dictated by the
objectives of the experiment. The paper describes the
procedures and the application of the following instru-
mental methods for the characterization of aerosols: x-
ray fluorescence (XRF), neutron activation (NAA), ion
exchange chromatography (IC), x-ray diffraction
(XRD), optical microscopy (OM), and scanning elec-
tron microscopy (SEM). A procedure for the applica-
tion of gas phase denuders to measure nitric acid and
nitrates and a combustion procedure to measure the
carbon content of particles are also described.
Keywords: "Aerosols, "Gas analysis, "Air pollution, X
ray fluorescence, X ray analysis, Ion exchanging, Elec-
tron microscopy, Nitric acid, Nitrates, Chemical analy-
sis, "Air pollution detection, "Air pollution sampling,
Procedures.
PB85-128213/HSU	PC E99
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
GC/MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrome-
try) Analysis of Organics in Drinking Water Con-
centrates and Advanced Waste Treatment Con-
centrates.
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Nov 84,904p-in 3v
Set includes PB85-128221 through PB85-128247.
No abstract available.
PB85-128221/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
GC/MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrome-
try) Analysis of Organics in Drinking Water Con-
centrates and Advanced Waste Treatment Con-
centrates. Volume 1. Analysis Results for 17
Drinking Water, 16 Advanced Waste Treatment
and 3 Process Blank Concentrates. Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
S. V. Lucas. Nov 84,321p EPA/600/1-84/020A
Contract EPA-68-03-2548
See also PB85-128239.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB85-
128213.
The goal of this research program was to provide a de-
tailed chemical characterization of organic material
concentrated from large volumes (1,500 liters to
15,000 liters) of finished drinking water (DW) and fin-
ished water from advanced waste treatment (AWT)
plants. The approach used was organic compound
identification based on glass capillary gas chromatog-
raphy-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the
fractionated concentrate. The purpose of the research
program was to enable EPA scientists to correlate the
results of the detailed chemical characterization with
those from other research programs testing the poten-
tial biological activity (i.e., mutagenicity) of the concen-
trates. Fifteen DW concentrates, sixteen AWT concen-
trates and five concentrate production method blanks
were analyzed. The cities represented by the DW sam-
plings were Cincinnati. Miami, New Orleans, Ottumwa
(Iowa), Philadelphia and Seattle. Most of the unrecov-
ered organic portion and the extracted material not
amenable to GC-MS analysis appeared to be humic
substances. In the 15 DW concentrates, 1091 organic
compounds were identified in a total of 2383 detection
instances. The AWT plans sampled were located at
Escondido, Lake Tahoe, Orange County and Pomona
(all in California), Dallas, and Washington, D.C. (Blue
Plains site). In the 16 AWT concentrates, 991 organic
compounds were identified in a total of 2097 detection
instances.
Keywords: "Water analysis, "Potable water, "Organic
compounds, "Industrial waste treatment, Solvent ex-
traction, Sampling, Water treatment, Gas chromatog-
raphy, Mass spectroscopy, Sites, Water pollution con-
trol, Chemical analysis, Tables(Data), Performance
evaluation, "Water pollution detection, "Water pollu-
tion sampling.
PB85-128239/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
GC/MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrome-
try) Analysis of Organics in Drinking Water Con-
centrates and Advanced Waste Treatment Con-
centrates. Volume 2. Computer-Printed Tabula-
tions of Compound Identification Results for
Large-Volume Concentrates. Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
S. V. Lucas. Nov 84,397p EPA/600/1-84/020B
Contract EPA-68-03-2548
See also PB85-128221, and PB85-128247.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB85-
128213.
This volume presents the complete set of computer-
printed tables for the compound identification results
on the concentrates produced from large volumes of
drinking water (DW) and advanced waste treatment
(AWT) water. All discussion of the DW and AWT analy-
sis results appears in Volume 1 of this report. Seven of
these 22 tables, representing the essential 'core' of
the compound identification results, are also present-
ed in Volume 1. The additional information provided by
the complete set of listings is the following: Identifica-
tion status (confirmed or tentative) for all instances of
compound identification in concentrates, Systematic
names, molecular formulas, and molecular weights of
all identified compounds, and Functional group infor-
mation for each concentrate showing the total relative
size values for each functional group on each of the
two GC columns (SP1000 and SP2100).
Keywords: "Water analysis, "Potable water, "Organic
compounds, 'Industrial waste treatment, Solvent ex-
traction, Sampling, Water treatment, Gas chromatog-
raphy, Mass spectroscopy, Sites, Water pollution con-
trol, Chemical analysis, Tables(Data), Performance
evaluation, Concentration(Composition), 'Water pollu-
tion detection, 'Water pollution sampling.
PB85-128247/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
GC/MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrome-
try) Analysis of Organics In Drinking Water Con-
centrates and Advanced Waste Treatment Con-
centrates. Volume 3. Batch Liquid-Liquid Extrac-
tion and Analyala of 10-Uter Sample and Analysis
of Concentrates from Small Volumes (10 to 50
Liters) of Drinking Water. Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus labs,, OH.
S. V. Lucas. Nov 84,186p EPA/600/1 -84/020C
Contract EPA-68-03-2548
See also PB85-128239.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99 PBBS
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The many benefits of our modern, developing, industri-
al society are accompanied by certain hazards. Careful
assessment of the relative risk of existing and new
man-made environmental hazards is necessary for the
establishment of sound regulatory policy. These regu-
lations serve to enhance the quality of our environ-
ment in order to promote the public health and welfare
and the productive capacity of our Nation's population.
The purpose of this research program was to enable
EPA scientists to correlate the results of the detailed
chemical characterization with those from other re-
search programs testing the potential biological activi-
ty (i.e., mutagenicity) of the concentrates.
Keywords; 'Water analysis, 'Potable water, 'Organic
compounds, "Industrial waste treatment, Solvent ex-
traction, Sampling, Water treatment, Gas chromatog-
raphy, Mass spectroscopy, Water pollution control,
Chemical analysis, Tables(Data), Performance evalua-
tion, Concentration(Composition), 'Water pollution de-
tection, 'Water pollution sampling.
PB85-129492/HSU	PC E99
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Performance Evaluation of Full-Scale Hazardous
Waste Incinerators.
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
Nov 84, 916p-in 5v
Set includes PB85-129500 through PB85-129542.
No abstract available.
PB85-129500/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Performance Evaluation ot Full-Scale Hazardous
Waste Incinerators. Volume 1. Executive Summa-
ry,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
A. Trenholm, P. Gorman, andG. Jungclaus. Nov 84,
43p EPA/600/2-84/181A
Contract EPA-68-02-3177
See also PB85-129518.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB85-
129492.
This report is Volume I, Executive Summary, of a
series of extensive performance data EPA obtained
through eight (8) field tests of actual industrial/com-
mercial incinerators, was prepared in response to the
Agency's need to conduct a regulatory impact analysis
(RIA) for hazardous waste incinerators to determine
the need, adequacy, and economic feasibility of cur-
rent RCRA incinerator regulations. Tests involved trial
burn-type testing at each plant during typical albeit
closely monitored daily operations on wastes typical of
their routine disposal function. Most incinerators were
found to be closely approaching or performing within
RCRA requirements for destruction of compounds, al-
though some facilities showed substandard results in
other areas.
Keywords: "Incinerators, 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid
waste disposal, Performance evaluation, Field tests,
Air pollution control, Particles, Hydrogen chloride,
Sampling, Design criteria, 'Regulatory impact analysis.
PB85-129518/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Performance Evaluation of Full-Scale Hazardous
Waste Incinerators. Volume 2. Incinerator Per-
formance Results,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
A Trenholm, P. Gorman, and G. Jungclaus. Nov 84,
149p EPA/600/2-84/181B
Contract EPA-68-02-3177
See also PB85-129500, and PB85-129526.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB85-
129492.
This report is Volume II, Incinerator Performance Re-
sults, of a series of extensive performance data EPA
obtained through eight (8) field tests of actual industri-
al/commercial incinerators, was prepared in response
to the Agency's need to conduct a regulatory impact
analysis (RIA) for hazardous waste incinerators to de-
termine the need, adequacy, and economic feasibility
of current RCRA incinerator regulations. Tests in-
volved trial burn-type testing at each plant during typi-
cal albeit closely monitored daily operations on wastes
typical of their routine disposal function. Most inciner-
ators were found to be closely approaching or per-
forming within RCRA requirements for destruction of
compounds, although some facilities showed sub-
standard results in other areas.
Keywords: 'Incinerators, 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid
waste disposal, Performance evaluation, Field tests,
Air pollution control, Particles, Feasibility, Hydrogen
chloride, Sampling, Design criteria, Economic analysis,
'Regulatory impact analysis.
PB85-129526/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Performance Evaluation of Full-Scale Hazardous
Waste Incinerators. Volume 3. Appendices A and
B,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
A. Trenholm, P. Gorman, and G. Jungclaus. Nov 84,
175p EPA/600/2-84/181C
Contract EPA-68-02-3177
See also PB85-129518, and PB85-129534.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB85-
129492.
This report is Volume III, Appendicies A and B, of a
series of extensive performance data EPA obtained
through eight (8) field tests of actual industrial/com-
mercial incinerators, was prepared in response to the
Agency's need to conduct a regulatory impact analysis
(RIA) for hazardous waste incinerators to determine
the need, adequacy, and economic feasibility of cur-
rent RCRA incinerator regulations. Tests involved trial
burn-type testing at each plant during typical albeit
closely monitored daily operations on wastes typical of
their routine disposal function. Most incinerators were
found to be closely approaching or performing within
RCRA requirements for destruction of compounds, al-
though some facilities showed substandard results in
other areas.
Keywords: 'Incinerators, "Hazardous materials, 'Solid
waste disposal, Performance evaluation, Field tests,
Air pollution control, Particles, Economic analysis, Hy-
drogen chloride, Sampling, Design criteria. Feasibility,
'Regulatory impact analysis.
PB85-129534/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Performance Evaluation of Full-Scale Hazardous
Waste Incinerators. Volume 4. Appendices C
through J,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
A. Trenholm, P. Gorman, and C. Jungclaus. Nov 84,
360p EPA/600/2-84/181D
Contract EPA-68-02-3177
See also PB85-129526, and PB85-129542.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB8S-
129492.
This report is Volume IV, Appendices C through J, of a
series of extensive performance data EPA obtained
through eight (8) field tests of actual industrial/com-
mercial incinerators, was prepared in response to the
Agency's need to conduct a regulatory impact analysis
(RIA) for hazardous waste incinerators to determine
the need, adequacy, and economic feasibility of cur-
rent RCRA incinerator regulations. Tests involved trial
burn-type testing at each plant during typical albeit
closely monitored daily operations on wastes typical of
their routine disposal function. Most incinerators were
found to be closely approaching or performing within
RCRA requirements for destruction of compounds, al-
though some facilities showed substandard results in
other areas.
Keywords: 'Incinerators, 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid
waste disposal, Performance evaluation, Field tests,
Air pollution control, Particles, Economic analysis, Hy-
drogen chloride, Sampling, Design criteria. Feasibility,
'Regulatory impact analysis.
PB8S-129542/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Performance Evaluation of Full-Scale Hazardous
Waste Incinerators. Volume 5. Appendices K and
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
A. Trenholm, P. Gorman, and G. Jungclaus. Nov 84,
1 B9p EPA/600/2-84/181E
Contract EPA-68-02-3177
See also PB85-129534.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB85-
129492.
This report is Volume V, Appendices K and L, of a
series of extensive performance data EPA obtained
through eight (8) field tests of actual industrial/com-
mercial incinerators, was prepared in response to the
Agency's need to conduct a regulatory impact analysis
(RIA) for hazardous waste incinerators to determine
the need, adequacy, and economic feasibility of cur-
rent RCRA incinerator regulations. Tests involved trial
burn-type testing at each plant during typical albeit
closely monitored daily operations on wastes typical of
their routine disposal function. Most incinerators were
found to be closely approaching or performing within
RCRA requirements for destruction of compounds, al-
though some facilities showed substandard results in
other areas.
Keywords; "Incinerators, 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid
waste disposal. Performance evaluation, Field tests,
Air pollution control, Particles, Economic analysis, Hy-
drogen chloride, Sampling, Design criteria, Feasibility,
"Regulatory impact analysis.
PB85-131522/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corrections for Variations In Test Fuel Properties.
Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
G. D. Thompson. Sep 84,16p EPA/AA/SDSB-84/3
General Motors Corporation has recently asserted that
the test fuel used at the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) Motor Vehicle Emissions Lab. (MVEL)
has varied in energy density and carbon content since
1975. General Motors has subsequently requested
that a Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) cor-
rection be granted to account for these variations in
fuel properties. General Motors has submitted data
demonstrating that the test fuel used by GM has varied
since 1975. Since EPA and GM obtain fuel from the
same sources it is probable that the EPA test fuel has
also varied in a similar fashion. If so, this is a change
which would systematically affect the measured fuel
economy of test vehicles and hence corporate aver-
age fuel economies (CAFE). This change is similar to
previous test procedure changes for which CAFE cor-
rections have been proposed. This report develops a
simple correction based on the energy content per unit
carbon of the fuel. The correction proposed by GM is
also discussed, as is the problem of limited available
data on the test fuels.
Keywords: "Exhaust emissions, "Fuels, "Tests, "Air
pollution, Fuel consumption, Sources, "Air quality, Pro-
cedures.
PB85-132363/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Eplchlorohy-
drln. Final Report.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Dec 84,246p EPA/600/8-83/032F
See also PB84-128669. Prepared in cooperation with
Dynamac Corp., Rockville, MD.
This document summarizes current scientific informa-
tion regarding the health and environmental effects of
epichlorohydrin. Specifically, this document discusses
the following topics: physical and chemical properties
of epichlorohydrin; environmental occurrence; metab-
olism and toxicology; and factors most relevant to as-
sessing quantitative health risks, particularly risk of
cancer. Epichlorohydrin is moderately toxic by oral,
dermal, and inhalation routes of exposure. Long-term
animal studies provide evidence that epichlorohydrin is
a weak contact carcinogen which appears to produce
no metastases. Epichlorohydrin should be considered
a potential human carcinogen (IARC category 2B).
Epichlorohydrin causes gene and chromosomal muta-
tions in vitro and in vivo, and has been shown to be
clastogenic in human lymphocytes. Epichlorohydrin
was not teratogenic in mice, rats, or rabbits, but was
embryotoxic at doses which were toxic to the pregnant
mouse. Transient infertility was observed in male rats
exposed to epichlorohydrin. Epichlorohydrin is not ex-
pected to persist in air, water, or soil because of hy-
drolysis. The atmospheric residence time was calculat-
ed to be 5.8 days.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Epichlorohydrin, 'Public health, Assess-
ments, Toxicology, Metabolism, Environmental sur-
veys, Physical properties. Dosage, Chemical proper-
ties, Risk, Laboratory animals, Exposure, Air pollution,
"Toxic substances, Cancer.
PB85-132710/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Management Report Update for
Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA,
Region X,
1984, 29p EPA/910/9-84/123
See also PB84-188853.
Region 10's update to its Environmental Management
Report (PB84-188853) describes progress during the
past year in many state-federal efforts to restore and
protect highly prized environmental resources of the
Pacific Northwest and Alaska.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Management
planning, State government, Lead(Metal), National
government, Potable water, Hazardous materials, Air
pollution, Water pollution, Ground water, Toxicology,
*EPA region 10, 'Pacific Northwest Region(United
States).
PB85-132744/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Radionuclides: Regulatory Impact Analysis of
Emission Standards for Elemental Phosphorus
Plants.
Faucett (Jack) Associates, Inc., Chevy Chase, MD.
Oct 84, 84p EPA/520/1 -84/025
The standard proposed for elemental Phosphorus
plants, the subject of this analysis, was 1 curie per year
of polonium-210 for each source. There are currently
six plants producing elemental phosphorus. EPA sam-
pling of emissions of four plants and estimates of emis-
sions at the remaining two indicate that, with current
output levels and operating characteristics, only two
plants will be affected by a 1 curie per year standard.
Three alternatives to the 1 curie per year standard
were considered in performing the regulatory impact
analysis: 2.5 Ci/year, 10 Ci/year and no control. For
each of these control options and for each plant, the
analysis considered the technologies that are avail-
able to reduce emissions to the required level, exam-
ined the costs of these technologies, identified the
least-cost options evaluated the cost per fatal cancer
eliminated, and assessed the economic impacts of the
regulation.
Keywords: "Radioactive isotopes, "Regulations, "Air
pollution control, Industrial wastes, Cost analysis, Po-
lonium 210, Technology, Performance evaluation,
Standards, Substitutes, Feasibility, Economic impact,
"Emission standards, "Phosphorus plants.
PBB5-132751/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technical Support Staff.
Reactivity of Methanol Exhaust: A Smog Chamber
Study. Technical rept.,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
H. E. Jeffries, K. G. Sexton, R. M. Kamens, and M. B.
Holleman. Nov 84,15p EPA/AA/TSS/PA-84/6
Contract EPA-68-03-3162
This report summarizes the experimental results from
a three month program conducting outdoor smog
chamber experiments to test whether chemical mech-
anisms that are likely to be used in control strategy cal-
culations accurately predict the compositional effects
caused by large scale use of neet methanol as a fuel
instead of gasoline.
Keywords: "Methyl alcohol, "Test chambers, "Exhaust
emissions, "Air pollution control, Smog, Experimental
design, "Chemical reaction mechanisms.
PB85-134153/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Dlcofol: Special Review Position Document 2/3.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Oct 84,151p EPA/540/9-84/004
This Position Document 2/3 (PD 2/3) describes regu-
latory actions to reduce the potential adverse environ-
mental effects from registered uses of Dicofol. The
262 Vol. 90, No. 24
proposed action is based on the Agency's determina-
tion that uses of Dicofol contaminated with DDT and
related compounds (collectively referred to as DDTr)
will result in unreasonable adverse effects to nontarget
wildlife, especially endangered species. The Guidance
Document, issued by the Agency in December, 1983,
described the Agency's concerns in detail and also set
forth data and labeling requirements for continued reg-
istration of Dicofol. A Special Review was initiated by
the Agency on March 21, 1984 (49 FR 10569) and in-
vited comments from the registrants as well as from
the public. The comments received during the 45-day
comment period were from the registrants, environ-
mental groups, and agricultural cooperative agents. All
of the comments were reviewed for pertinent informa-
tion. The Agency's determination of unreasonable ad-
verse effects is based on weighing the risks and bene-
fits of Dicofol use. The Agency's analysis of the bene-
fits of Dicofol use indicated that, although economic
impacts would result from cancellation, these impacts
did not outweigh the risks. An analysis of the benefits
associated with each use reveals that alternative pesti-
cides are available. The Agency proposes to cancel all
registrations for Dicofol because the risks of continued
use outweigh the benefits.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Environmental impacts,
"Regulations, Reviews, Labels, Chemical properties,
Risk, DDT, Substitutes, Chlorine organic compounds,
Residues, Exposure, Public health, Ecology, Toxicity,
"Toxic substances, "Registration, "Dicofol, Benzene
methanol/chloro-chlorophenyl-trichloromethyl, CAS
115-32-2.
PB85-134377/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Automated TEM (Transverse Electromagnetic)
Cell Calibration System,
Office of Radiation Programs-Las Vegas Facility, NV.
E. D. Mantiply. Oct 84,124p EPA/520/1-84/024
The report discusses an automated TEM cell RF cali-
bration system. It documents the field strength expres-
sions applied, theoretical and experimental determina-
tion of modal characteristics of the two cells used,
measurements of calibration parameters of system
components, a system description, system testing,
and sample applications of the automated TEM cell
calibration system.
Keywords: "Calibrating, Electromagnetic fields, Auto-
mation, "TEM cells.
PB85-134393/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Guidance for the Raregistratlon of Pesticide
Products Containing Nuclear Polyhedrosls Virus
of Heliothls ZEA as the Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jun 84,76p EPA/540/RS-84/007
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Standards, "Guidelines, "Vi-
ruses, Regulations, Hazardous materials, Labels,
Tables(Data), Agricultural products, Packaging, "Re-
registration, "Toxic substances, "Heliothis zea, "Nu-
clear polyhedrosis virus, Federal Insecticide Fungicide
and Rodenticide Act.
PB8S-134S00/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Radionuclides: Response to Comments for Final
Rules. Volume 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
22 Oct 84,145p EPA/521-84/023/1
See also PB85-134518.
On April 6, 1983, EPA published in the Federal Regis-
ter (48FR 15076) proposed standards for certain cate-
gories of radionuclides. This report summarizes major
concerns and issues arising from written and oral com-
ments on the April 6 proposed, as well as EPA's re-
sponse to these.
Keywords: "Radioactive isotopes, "Standards, Nation-
al government, Regulations, Risk, Dosage, Boilers,
"Federal register, "Environmental protection agency,
Phosphorus industry, Phosphate industry, NRC, Urani-
um mines, Mill tailings, High level radioactive wastes.
PB85-134518/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Radionuclides: Response to Comments for Final
Rules. Volume 2.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
22 Oct 84, 46p EPA/520/1 -84/023/2
See also PB85-134500.
In December 1983, the Administrator of the EPA
formed a Science Advisory Board Subcommittee to
review the methodology used by the Office of Radi-
ation Programs in assessing health risks from airborne
release of radionuclides. In addition, new technical
data was gathered which included the results of radio-
nuclide emission testing at calciners at three elemen-
tal phosphorus plants. New information also became
available on the cost and effectiveness of methods for
reducing radon emissions from underground uranium
mines. Because the Agency intended to consider this
new information in the ongoing rulemaking, public
comment was requested on the new information, (49
FR 33695, August 24, 1984). This document summa-
rizes public comment on the new information and
EPA's response to them. In addition, Section 2 of the
document contains EPA's response to the Science
Advisory Board Subcommittee's comments.
Keywords: "Radioactive isotopes, "Standards, Nation-
al government, Regulations, Risk, Dosage, Boilers,
"Federal register, "Environmental protection agency,
Phosphorus industry, Phosphate industry, NRC, Urani-
um mines, Mill tailings, High level radioactive wastes.
PB85-135085/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Evaluation of the Asbestos-ln-Schools Identifica-
tion and Notification Rule. Final rept. Mar 83-Mav
84,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Washington, DC.
J. Greenblatt. Oct 84,245p* EPA/560/5-84/005
Contract EPA-68-01-6721
Prepared in cooperation with Westat Research, Inc.,
Rockville, MD.
The Asbestos-in-Schools Identification and Notifica-
tion Rule effective June 28, 1982, required all public
and private local education agencies (LEAs) to (1) in-
spect for friable materials; (2) sample and analyze
these materials when found; (3) post notice of inspec-
tion results and notify employees and parents in
schools with asbestos-containing friable materials
(ACFM); and (4) maintain records of the findings at the
LEAs and schools. A stratified systematic sample of
1,800 public and 800 private LEAs was randomly se-
lected proportionate to the square root of enrollment.
A telephone survey found that 83 percent of the LEAs
have begun or completed inspections and 94 percent
of all schools have been inspected. Of the schools in-
spected, 35 percent found ACFM. Almost all LEAs with
ACFM have abatement programs (93%), about one-
third of which (31 %) are operations/maintenance only.
Only 9 percent of the LEAs were in compliance with
the rule by June 28,1983, the rule's compliance date;
and 11 percent were by January 1984, the date of the
survey. Record-keeping and notification were the
major problem areas of noncompliance. QA site visits
were made to 38 LEAs and 94 schools within these
LEAs were inspected. The LEA data collected during
the site visits agreed substantially with the telephone
survey data.
Keywords: "Asbestos, "Schools, "Air pollution, "Regu-
lations, Sampling, Maintenance, Sites, Inspection,
"Toxic substances.
PB85-135622/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Water Program Operations.
Value Engineering for Wastewater Treatment
Works.
Weston (Roy F.), Inc., West Chester, PA.
Sep 84,132p* EPA/430/9-84/009
Contract EPA-68-01-6737
Prepared in cooperation with L-Z Associates, Inc.
Rockville, MD.
The purpose of this guidance document is to provide
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
neers, and VE teams with state-of-the-art guidance for
conducting effective VE studies on wastewater treat-
ment works. This guidance document serves as a ref-
erence source for contracting, planning, performing,
reporting, and evaluating value engineering studies.
Keywords: 'Values, 'Sewage treatment, 'Municipal
engineering, Design criteria, State government, Per-
formance evaluation, State of the art.
PB85-135812/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Chemical Substances Information Network
(CSIN): An Overview,
Interagency Toxic Substances Data Committee,
Washington, DC.
D. Tidwell, G. E. Brown, and S. Siegel. 1984, 29p*
The Chemical Substances Information Network (CSIN)
is a sophisticated switching network based on hetero-
geneous distributed data base management and
networking concepts which were only theory less than
a decade ago. CSIN offers efficient and effective
access to on-line information resources (systems)
containing data and information relevant to chemical
substances, as well as information covering other sci-
entific disciplines and subject matters. The purposes
of CSIN are two-fold; first to meet the growing chemi-
cal data and information requirements of industry, aca-
deme, government (Federal and State), public interest
groups, and others, and secondly to reduce the burden
on the private and public sector communities when re-
sponding to complex Federal legislation oriented to
chemical substances. CSIN is not another data base,
but is a gateway system. CSIN links many independent
and autonomous data and bibliographic computer sys-
tems oriented to chemical substances, establishing a
library of systems.' Users may converse with any or all
systems interfaced by CSIN without prior knowledge of
or training on these independent systems, regardless
of the hardware, software data, formats, or protocols
of these information resources.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Chemical com-
pounds, 'Environmental surveys, Regulations, Fore-
casting, 'Chemical substances information network,
"Toxic substances.
PB85-136505/HSU	PC E99/MF E9S
Application lor Certification 1985 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1984,16028p-in 12v
Set includes PB85-136513 through PB85-136620.
No abstract available.
PB85-136513/HSU	PC$51.00/MFS14.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1985 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - American Motors Corpora-
tion • Renault.
American Motors Corp., Detroit, Ml.
1984,592p EPA/460/A-85/1
See also PB81-166027, and PB85-136521.
Also available in set of 12 reports PC E99, PB85-
136505.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, "Motor vehicle engines,
Air pollution control, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Exhaust emissions, Performance
evaluation, Automotive fuels, Maintenance, 'Light duty
vehicles. Motor vehicles(l 985 models), Certification.
PB85-136521/ HSU	PCS60.50/ MF$ 14.80
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1985 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - BMW AG.
BMW of North America, Inc., Montvale, NJ.
1984, 751 p EPA/460/A-85/2
See also PB84-124411, PB85-136513, and PB85-
136539.
Also available in set of 12 reports PC E99, PB85-
136505.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, "Motor vehicle engines,
Air pollution control, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Exhaust emissions, Performance
evaluation, Automotive fuels, Maintenance, "Light duty
vehicles, Motor vehicles(1985 models), Certification.
PB85-136539/HSU	PCS219.00/MFS22.60
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1985 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Chrysler.
Chrysler Corp., Detroit, Ml.
1984,3232p EPA/460/A-85/3
See also PB84-124429, PB85-136521, and PB85-
136547.
Also available in set of 12 reports PC E99, PB85-
136505.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Motor vehicle engines,
Air pollution control, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Fuel systems. Exhaust emissions, Performance
evaluation, Automotive fuels, Maintenance, 'Light duty
vehicles, Motor vehicles(1985 models), Certification.
PB85-138547/HSU	PCS134.50/MFS18.40
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC,
Application for Certification 1985 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - General Motors.
General Motors Proving Ground, Milford, Ml.
1984,1905p EPA/460/A-85/4
See also PB84-124445, PB85-136539, and PB85-
136554.
Also available in set of 12 reports PC E99, PB85-
136505.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Motor vehicle engines,
Air pollution control, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Exhaust emissions, Performance
evaluation, Automotive fuels, Maintenance, 'Light duty
vehicles, Motor vehicles(1985 models). Certification.
PB85-136554/HSU	PC$55.00/MF$14.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1985 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Mazda.
Mazda (North America), Inc., Farmington Hills, Ml.
1984, 662p EPA/460/A-85/5
See also PB84-124478, PB85-136547, and PB85-
136562.
Also available in set of 12 reports PC E99, PB85-
136505.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Motor vehicle engines,
Air pollution control, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Exhaust emissions, Performance
evaluation, Automotive fuels. Maintenance, 'Light duty
vehicles, Motor vehicles(1985 models), Certification.
PB85-136562/HSU	PC$50.00/MF$14.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1985 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Mercedes-Benz.
Mercedes-Benz of North America, Inc., Montvale, NJ.
1984,582p EPA/460/A-85/6
See also PB84-124486, PB85-136554, and PB85-
136570.
Also available in set of 12 reports PC E99, PB85-
136505.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Motor vehicle engines,
Air pollution control, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Exhaust emissions, Performance
evaluation, Automotive fuels, Maintenance, 'Light duty
vehicles, Motor vehicles(1985 models), Certification.
PB85-136570/HSU	PC$53.00/MF$14.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1985 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Mitsubishi.
Mitsubishi Motors Corp., Tokyo (Japan).
1984,632p EPA/460/A-85/7
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
See also PB84-124494, PB85-136562, and PB85-
136588.
Also available in set of 12 reports PC E99, PB85-
136505.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Motor vehicle engines,
Air pollution control, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Exhaust emissions, Performance
evaluation, Automotive fuels, Maintenance, "Light duty
vehicles, Motor vehicles(1985 models), Certification.
PB85-136588/HSU	PC$120.50/MF$17.80
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1985 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Nissan.
Nissan Motor Co. Ltd., Yokohama (Japan).
1984, 1667p EPA/460/A-85/8
See also PB84-178078, PB85-136570, and PB85-
136596.
Also available in set of 12 reports PC E99, PB85-
136505.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Motor vehicles, "Motor vehicle engines,
Air pollution control, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Exhaust emissions, Performance
evaluation, Automotive fuels, Maintenance, "Light duty
vehicles. Motor vehicles! 1985 models), Certification.
PB85-136596/HSU	PCS99.50/MF$16.90
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1985 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Peugeot.
Peugeot Motors of America, Inc., Lyndhurst, NJ.
1984,1403p EPA/460/A-85/9
See also PB84-124502, PB85-136588, and PB85-
136604.
Also available in set of 12 reports PC E99, PB85-
136505.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
264 Vol. 90, No. 24
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Motor vehicles, "Motor vehicle engines,
Air pollution control, Ignition systems. Exhaust sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Exhaust emissions, Performance
evaluation, Automotive fuels, Maintenance, 'Light duty
vehicles, Motor vehicles(1985 models), Certification.
PB85-136604/HSU	PC$59.50/MF$14.80
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1985 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Saab-Scania.
SAAB-Scania of America, Inc., Orange, CT.
1984, 740p EPA/460/A-85/10
See also PB84-124528, PB85-136596, and PB85-
136612.
Also available in set of 12 reports PC E99, PB85-
136505.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, "Motor vehicle engines,
Air pollution control, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Exhaust emissions, Performance
evaluation, Automotive fuels, Maintenance, 'Light duty
vehicles, Motor vehicles(1985 models), Certification.
PB85-136612/HSU	PC$75.00/MF$15.70
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1985 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Toyota.
Toyota Motor Co. Ltd., Secaucus, NJ.
1984,999p EPA/460/A-85/11
See also PB84-124536, PB85-136604, and PB85-
136620.
Also available in set of 12 reports PC E99, PB85-
136505.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Motor vehicle engines,
Air pollution control, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Exhaust emissions, Performance
evaluation, Automotive fuels, Maintenance, 'Light duty
vehicles, Motor vehicles(1985 models), Certification.
PB85-136820/HSU	PC$197.00/MF$21.40
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1985 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Volkswagen-Audi.
Volkswagen of America, Inc., Ann Arbor, Ml.
1984, 2863p EPA/460/A-85/12
See also PB81 -200206, and PB85-136612.
Also available in set of 12 reports PC E99, PB85-
136505.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Motor vehicle engines.
Air pollution control, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Exhaust emissions, Performance
evaluation, Automotive fuels, Maintenance, 'Light duty
vehicles, Motor vehicles(l 985 models), Certification.
PB85-136653/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Asbestos In Buildings: A National Survey of As-
bestos-Containing Friable Materials. Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Washington, DC.
J. Strenio, P. C. Constant, M. Gabriel, D. R. Rose, and
D. Lentzen. Oct 84,236p* EPA/560/5-84/006
Contract EPA-68-01-6721
Prepared in cooperation with Westat Research, Inc.,
Rockville, MD, Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City,
MO., and Research Triangle Inst., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.
A nationally representative sample of 231 buildings at
10 sites were inspected for potentially asbestos-con-
taining materials. Bulk samples (1,510) were taken and
analyzed by Polarized Light Microscopy. Estimates
were made of the number and percent of buildings with
asbestos-containing friable materials, the square foot-
age of such materials, and the percent asbestos con-
tent of the materials. In buildings constructed prior to
1960, ACFM was concentrated primarily in pipe and
boiler insulation; in buildings constructed between
1960 and the early 1970's, ACFM was concentrated
primarily in sprayed-on or trowelled-on materials. In
1973, EPA banned the use of asbestos thermal and
acoustical insulation materials except for decorative
purposes, and in 1978 EPA banned them for all pur-
poses.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Buildings, 'Environmental sur-
veys, National government, Residential buildings,
Sampling, Insulation, Urban areas, Field tests, Quality
assurance, 'Indoor air pollution, 'Air pollution sam-
pling, Air pollution detection.
PB85-137081/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of the Disposal of Flue Gas Desulfurl-
zatlon Wastes in Coal Mines and the Ocean: Mine
Disposal Demonstration Tests. Final rept. Sep 77-
Sep 83,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
C. J. Santhanam, J. R. Valentine, and A. A. Balasco.
Nov 84,232p EPA/600/7-84/099
Contract EPA-68-03-2334
See also PB-269 270. Prepared in cooperation with
North Dakota Univ., Grand Forks.
The report gives results of an assessment of a full-
scale flue gas desulfurization (FGD) waste disposal
operation at the Baukol-Noonan Mine near Center
ND. FGD wastes from the alkaline fly ash scrubbing
system are disposed of in the mine area in V-notches
(Vees) and in the pit bottoms. A program of evaluating
this disposal operation consisted of placement of mon-
itoring wells, physical and chemical sampling and anal-
ysis of groundwater and wastes, and environmental
and engineering cost assessment. The primary envi-
ronmental effect potential of FGD waste disposal in
mining may be in the generation of leachates showing
increased concentrations of sulfate, sodium, magnesi-
um, and (to a lesser extent) calcium. However, such
FGD waste disposal when properly practiced reduces
potential effects of fly-ash-related leachate genera-
tion. Placement of the FGD wastes in Vees appears
preferable to pit bottom disposal. The capital cost for
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
filtration prior to disposal) from a 438-MW (net) lignite-
fired boiler is estimated at about $10.85 million: the
annual operating cost is estimated at about $10.70 per
ton.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, * Air pollution control,
"Scrubbing, Solid waste disposal, Flue gases, Fly ash,
Leaching, Ground water, Environmental surveys,
Water pollution, Cost analysis, Capitalized costs, Op-
erating costs. Sampling, 'Mine wastes, "Ocean waste
disposal, Liquid waste disposal, Flue gas desulfuriza-
tion.
PB85-137099/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Feasibility of Producing Commodities and Elec-
tricity (or Space Shuttle Operations at Vanden-
berg Air Force Base. Final rept. Jun-Sep 84,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
P. J. Murin, K. A. Ferland, A. F. Jones, S. N. Husband,
andR. L. Leonard. Nov 84, 287p RAD-84-203-001-80-
21, EPA/600/7-84/100
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
The report gives results of a preliminary screening
study of the technical and economic feasibility of the
on-site production of commodities (liquid propellant
and gases) and electricity to support space shuttle
launch activities at Vandenberg Air Force Base
(VAFB). Both commercial and developing systems
were considered. Systems to supply electricity were
considered to meet continuous electricity demands
only, critical launch demands only, or both continuous
and critical launch demands. In addition to systems to
supply commodities only, several systems to produce
both commodities and electricity were considered. All
systems were evaluated for technical risk, conversion
efficiency, environmental impacts, reliability, and eco-
nomics.
Keywords: 'Spacecraft launching bases, Feasibility,
Electric power generation, Gas production. Hydrogen,
Liquid propellants, Cost analysis, Space shuttles.
PB85-137107/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Hazardous/Toxic Air Pollutant Control Technolo-
gy: A Literature Review. Final rept. Oct 83-Jul 84,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
G. S. Shareef, A. J. Miles, and B. K. Post. Dec 84,
27Sp* EPA/600/2-84/194
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
The report summarizes literature on hazardous/toxic
air pollutant (HAP) sources and control techniques em-
ployed in their reduction and/or destruction. The infor-
mation was abstracted from an extensive computer-
ized and manual literature search and data base devel-
opment study. The primary emphasis of the report is
on HAP control technology. However, a brief summary
of major source categories that emit HAPs is also in-
cluded. About 70 hazardous/toxic compounds or
groups of compounds are covered in this study; most
are volatile organic compounds. In the HAP control
technology data base, most of the information is for
the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Indus-
try (SOCMI) source category. However, data are also
available for the combustion, solvent use, and metal
processing industries. The major add-on control tech-
niques for volatile organic HAPs discussed in this
report are combustion, absorption, adsorption, and
condensation. Combustion techniques include thermal
and catalytic incineration, flaring, and disposal of
waste streams in boilers and process heaters. The
add-on control devices identified in the literature for
control of particulate HAP emissions are electrostatic
precipitators, baghouses, wet scrubbers, and cy-
clones. A list of references identified during this study,
along with abstracts of those references, is included.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Air pollution control
equipment, "Air pollution control, Reviews, Sources,
Chemical industry, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Metal industry, Solid waste disposal, Electro-
static precipitators, Scrubbers, Cyclones, Combustion
chambers, Incinerators, Boilers, 'Toxic substances,
Volatile organic compounds, Stationary sources, Bag
houses.
PB85-137115/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Health Effect Potential of Reusing Treated Fruit
Processing Wastewater within a Cannery. Final
rept. Sep 80-Dec 82,
Esvelt Environmental Engineering, Spokane, WA.
L. A. Esvelt, and H. H. Hart. Nov 84,105p EPA/600/1-
84/029
Prepared in cooperation with Snokist Growers Can-
nery, Yakima, WA.
Reclamation of fruit processing wastewater by biologi-
cal treatment, granular media filtration, and disinfec-
tion with chlorine, and reuse of the reclaimed
wastewater for fruit washing and conveying, and for
direct contact container cooling, was investigated over
three seasons for its health effect implications. It was
concluded that the reclaimed effluent had no adverse
effect on product quality. It is recommended that this
technology be applied to other processing plants for
high acid foods packed in sealed containers, with cer-
tain safeguards to protect product quality. It was rec-
ommended that application of this technology to
plants processing low acid foods be initiated, with ad-
ditional care and attention to reclaimed water quality.
Keywords: 'Food processing, 'Industrial waste treat-
ment, 'Waste water reuse, Fruits, Canneries, Filtra-
tion, Activated sludge process, Chlorination, Safety,
Performance evaluation, Monitoring. Water quality,
Bacteria, Pesticides, Organic compounds, Chloroform,
pH, Heavy metals.
PB85-137131/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
INPUFF: A Single Source Gaussian Puff Disper-
sion Algorithm. User's Guide. Final rept.,
Aerocomp, Inc., Costa Mesa, CA.
W. B. Petersen, J. A. Cataiano, T. Chico, and T. S.
Yuen. Oct 84,126p EPA/600/8-84/027
Contract EPA-68-02-3750
INPUFF is a Gaussian INtegrated PUFF model. The
Gaussian puff diffusion equation is used to compute
the contribution to the concentration at each receptor
from each puff every time step. Computations in
INPUFF can be made for a single point source at up to
25 receptor locations. In practice, however, the
number of receptors should be kept to a minimum. In
the default mode, the model assumes a homogeneous
wind field. However, the user has the option of specify-
ing the wind field for each meteorological period at up
to 100 user-defined grid locations. Three dispersion al-
gorithms are utilized within INPUFF for dispersion
downwind of the source. These include Pasquill's
scheme as discussed by Turner (1970) and a disper-
sion algorithm discussed by Irwin (1983), which is a
synthesis of Draxler's (1976) and Cramer's (1976)
ideas. The third dispersion scheme is used for long
travel times in which the growth of the puff becomes
proportional to the square root of travel time. A soft-
ware plotting package is provided to display concen-
tration versus time for a given receptor and the puff
trajectories after each simulation time.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, 'Al-
gorithms,	Diffusion,	Meteorology,
Concentration(Composition), Plumes, Sources,
'Gaussian plume models, 'User manuals(Computer
programs), 'INPUFF model, 'Atmospheric dispersion,
'Air qualify, Point sources.
PB85-137149/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Toxicity Persistence In Prickly Pear Creek, Mon-
tana,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
J. R. Baker, and B. P. Baldigo. Nov 84,84p EPA/600/
4-84/087
Contract EPA-68-03-3050
Instream toxicity tests using the larval fathead minnow
Pimephales promelas and the cladoceran Ceriodaph-
nia reticulata were conducted on Prickly Pear Creek,
Montana waters to study toxicity persistence in a
stream. The toxicity source was Spring Creek, a tribu-
tary of Prickly Pear Creek. Gold mining tailings and set-
tling ponds in the Spring Creek drainage release zinc,
copper and cadmium to Prickly Pear Creek via Spring
Creek. Stream survey characterization of flow regimes,
water quality, and biotic conditions was accomplished
in conjunction with toxicity testing. The study objec-
tives were to: (1) develop a data base for validation of
a toxicity persistence model; (2) assess the applicabil-
ity of data from the Prickly Pear Creek study relative to
model assumptions; and (3) assess field techniques
for acquiring model input data. Toxicity to the test or-
8anisms was primarily due to zinc and copper in Spring
reek waters.
Keywords: "Metals, 'Toxicity, 'Water pollution, "Prick-
ly Pear Creek, 'Spring Creek, Tailings, Mining, Min-
nows, Mortality, Stream flow, Chemical analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Cadmium, Lead(Metal),
Zinc, Copper, Silver, Arsenic, Invertebrates, Bioassay.
PB85-137156/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
Investigation of Electrical Properties of Porous
Media,
Nevada Univ. System, Reno. Desert Research Inst.
S. W. Wheatcraft, K. C. Taylor, and J. G. Haggard. Dec
84,117p EPA/600/4-84/089
The problem of ground water contamination has pro-
vided a need for detailed information on ground water
quality. Well drilling and sampling provide limited infor-
mation, especially when trying to delineate a ground
water contamination plume. D.C. electrical geophysi-
cal methods are being increasingly used to help delin-
eate contaminated ground water, however, these
methods provide only resistivity data. Simple resistivity
is affected by many different parameters (such as pore
geometry, pore fluid chemistry and clay content) and it
is often not possible to develop a unique interpretation
of the data. Complex resistivity (CR) is a method that
provides considerably more information about the
saturated porous medium, thus introducing the possi-
bility of reducing the unknown parameters that affect
the electrical properties of the porous medium and
thereby providing a unique interpretation.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Ground water, "Electrical
properties, 'Porous materials, Water pollution, Sam-
pling, Experimental design. Clays, Graphs(Charts),
Electrical resistivity, Complex resistivity.
PB85-137164/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
User's Guide for the Photochemical Box Model
(PBM),
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
K. L. Schere, and K. L. Demerjian. Nov 84,48p EPA/
600/8-84/022A
The User's Guide for the Photochemical Box Model
(PBM) attempts to describe the structure and oper-
ation of the model and its preprocessors as well as
provide the potential user with guidance in setting up
input data. The PBM is a simple stationary single-cell
model with a variable height lid designed to provide
volume-integrated hour averages of OS and other pho-
tochemical smog pollutants of interest for an urban
area for a single day of simulation. The PBM is most
appropriate for application in air stagnation conditions
with light and variable winds. Horizontal dimensions of
the box are typically on the order of 10-50 km; the ver-
tical dimension may vary between 0.1 and 2 km.
Chemical reactions are simulated using a 63-step ki-
netic mechanism that includes diurnal variation of pho-
tolytic rate constants. The depth of the mixed layer
also follows a diurnal pattern, the PBM assumes that
emission sources are homogeneously distributed
across the surface face of the box volume and that the
volume is well mixed at all times. Atmospheric diffusion
and wind shear are neglected. The user must provide
the PBM with initial species concentrations, hourly
inputs of wind speed, source emission fluxes of CO,
NOx, THC, and hydrocarbon reactivity classes, and
boundary species concentrations. Values of measured
solar radiation and mixed layer depth may be specified
at sub-hourly intervals throughout a simulation. The
services of a qualified dispersion meteorologist, a
chemist, and a computer programmer may be neces-
sary to implement and apply the PBM and to interpret
the results.
Keywords: 'Air pollution,' 'Mathematical models,
Urban areas, Concentration(Composition), Smog,
Chemical reactions, Ozone, Carbon monoxide, Nitro-
gen oxides, Hydrocarbons, Reaction kinetics, 'Photo-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
chemical box model, "Atmospheric chemistry, Chemi-
cal reaction mechanisms.
PB85-137305/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
TSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act) Confidential
Business Information Security Manual.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Oct 84, 60p EPA/560/7-84/002
The procedures in this manual prescribe standards
and establish responsibility and accountability for the
control of documents and computer systems that con-
tain Confidential Business Information (CBI) received
by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA).
Keywords: "Contractors, 'Data processing security,
Businesses, Information, Documents, Contract admin-
istration, Contracted services, "Computer information
security, "Confidentiality, Privacy, Toxic Substances
Control Act.
PB85-137339/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Summary Report of the Workshop on Structure
Activity Concepts In Environmental Sciences,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
M. W. Meader. Dec 84,308p EPA/600/D-84/284
The theoretical and practical considerations in the ap-
plication of structure-activity relationships (SAR) to
chemical hazard assessment have been the subject of
much research and debate. In order to focus this re-
search on producing the most cost-effective methods
of chemical evaluation, EPA sponsored a workshop on
SAR in Environmental Sciences in San Antonio,
Texas. Experts from industry, academia and govern-
ment were invited to examine the state-of-the-art of
current SAR methods, the limitations of SAR for EPAs
mission, and develop research priorities for SAR over
the next two years. This report is a summary of the
workshop findings.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Chemical com-
pounds, "Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Transport properties, Physical properties, Chemical
properties, Meetings, "Structure activity relationships,
State of the art, Path of pollutants.
PB85-137347/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Sludge Demetallzatlon by the Union Carbide Cor-
poration Electrochemical Process,
Union Carbide Corp., Tonawanda, NY. Linde Div.
O. W. Haas. Dec 84,149p EPA/600/2-84/196
Contract EPA-68-03-2968
Laboratory-scale apparatus was designed and con-
structed to evaluate an electrochemical sludge deme-
talization process developed by Union Carbide to de-
termine the desirable electrode and cell configurations
which would remove the metals such as cadmium,
nickel and zinc from municipal wastewater sludge. The
quantity and quality of data obtained showed that the
process was feasible but that additional work was nec-
essary to make the process a production process. Ec-
onomics which were established based on the small
amount of data obtained, indicated that the cadmium
could be substantially removed at a piece of about 100
dollars per dry ton of sludge, which is not considered
economically attractive at this time.
Keywords: "Electrochemistry, "Sludge treatment,
"Materials recovery, "Metals, Feasibility, Cadmium,
Nickel, Zinc, Sewage treatment. Electrodes, "Solid
wastes, Union Carbide Corporation.
PB85-137354/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Effects of S02 on a Grassland: A Case Study in
the Northern Great Plains of the United States,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
W K. Lauenroth, and E. M. Preston. Nov 84,359p*
EPA/600/3-84/107
Prepared in cooperation with Colorado State Univ.,
Fort Collins.
This report documents a project started in 1972-73 to
determine the bioenvironmental impacts of coal-fired
power plants, Details of the experiments are found in
the published literature and annual reports listed in the
bibliography. In this text findings are generalized in
266 Vol. 90, No. 24
chapters presenting the outline and overview of the
problem, descriptions of the study sites and the S02
exposure system, summaries and interpretation of the
results of the field experiments which are then incorpo-
rated into simulation modeling exercises. Results are
interpreted in the context of potential impacts of
energy development in the northern Great Plains,
other grasslands, and other ecosystem types.
Keywords: "Sulfur dioxide, "Ecology, "Grassland, "Air
pollution, Environmental impacts, Electric power
plants, Coal, Semiarid land, Exposure, Field tests,
Mathematical models, Pasture, Climate, Soil proper-
ties, Invertebrates, Nematoda, Vegetation, Adsorption,
Mortality, Tables(Data), "Energy development, North-
ern Great Plains Region(United States), Vascular
plants.
PB85-137362/HSU	PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Continued Research in Mesoscale Air Pollution
Simulation Modeling. Volume 5. Refinements in
Numerical Analysis, Transport, Chemistry, and
Pollutant Removal. Final rept. Oct 79-Jul 82,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
J. P. Killus, J. P. Meyer, D. R. Durran, G. E. Anderson,
and T. N. Jerskey. Dec 84,238p EPA/600/3-84/095A
Contract EPA-68-02-2216
See also PB-257 529, and PB85-137370.Portions of
this document are not fully legible.
Two numerical integration methods identified as
having features that provided significant improve-
ments over the technique originally embedded in the
Airshed Model have been evaluated. Of particular con-
cern was the treatment of horizontal transport. In the
evaluation of the schemes, the predictions resulting
from the SHASTA method differed no more than about
20 percent from those generated using the original
method. In addition, SHASTA posseses the better
blend of computational speed and minimum error
propagation. An objective analysis technique for ob-
taining a gridded, time-varying, fully three-dimensional
wind field for the Airshed Model from available meas-
urements has been developed. The technique ac-
counts for urban heat island effects and should be di-
rectly applicable to relatively flat areas. A 42-step
chemical kinetic mechanism for describing the chemi-
cal transformations of organics, NOx, 03, and S02
and the production of sulfate, nitrate, and organic aer-
osols is presented. A unique feature of this mechanism
is the explicit consideration given to the carbon bonds
making up each organic molecule. An algorithm that
relates the effective deposition velocity to the stability
of the atmosphere and the type of surface has been
implemented in the Airshed Model. Surface removal
processes may significantly affect the concentrations
of 03, N02, and S02.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Mathematical models, "At-
mospheric models, "Computerized simulation, Trans-
port properties, Chemistry, Air pollution control, Aero-
sols, Concentration(Composition), Ozone, Nitrogen di-
oxide, Sulfur dioxide, Airshed model, Numerical solu-
tion.
PB85-137370/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Continued Research In Mesoscale Air Pollution
Simulation Modeling. Volume 6. Further Studies in
the Modeling of Mlcroscale Phenomena. Final rept.
Oct 79-Jul 82,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
R. G. Lamb, D. R. Durran, L. E. Reid, W. R. Shu, and J.
H. Seinfeld. Dec 84, 307p EPA/600/3-84/095B
Contract EPA-68-02-2216
See also PB85-137362, and PB85-137388. Prepared
in cooperation with California Inst, of Tech., Pasadena.
This report describes the development of techniques
for modeling the microscale phenomena associated
with urban air pollution. Such phenomena include tur-
bulent diffusion, turbulent concentration fluctuations,
and sub-grid scale variations in the time averaged con-
centration field. Optimal eddy diffusivities were reex-
amined to determine whether (1) the diffusivities are
unique, (2) they have a universal form when properly
scaled, and (3) they are dependent on source height. A
model for describing the effects of turbulent concen-
tration fluctuations on second-order chemical reac-
tions has also been developed and tested. It was ap-
plied to the case of NO emanating from a point source
into an 03 laden atmosphere. Results showed that the
rate of conversion of NO to N02 is greatly inhibited by
turbulent concentration fluctuations, even under stable
conditions. A method of paramaterizina the effects of
chemical reaction rates of both subgrici-scale concen-
tration variations arising from ground-level sources
and turbulence-induced concentration fluctuations has
also been developed. In addition, theoretical frame-
works for two models of pollutant levels around road-
ways are introduced.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Atmospheric models,
"Mathematical models, "Urban areas, Ozone, Nitro-
gen oxides. Exhaust emissions, Transport properties,
Concentration(Composition), Point sources.
PB85-137388/HSU	PC A10/MF AOt
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Continued Research in Mesoscale Air Pollution
Simulation Modeling. Volume 7. Mathematical
Modeling of Urban Aerosol Dynamics. Final rept.
Oct 79-Jul 82,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
T. N. Jerskey, L. E. Reid, J. H. Seinfeld, and F.
Gelbard. Dec 84,203p EPA/600/3-84/095C
Contract EPA-68-02-2216
See also PB85-137370. Prepared in cooperation with
California Inst, of Tech., Pasadena.
A simplified model of the dynamics of photochemical
aerosols is developed, and initial applications are pre-
sented. The model, which can be incorporated in or
coupled to a photochemical air quality simulation
model, takes into consideration the emissions of parti-
cles with diameters of 0.01 to 1.0 micrometer and their
growth in this size range by the formation of secondary
aerosol. The formation of particulate matter is as-
sumed to occur in two stages-condensable material
first forms in the gas phase and then diffuses to the
particles. A pseudo-steady-state is assumed in which
the rate of formation of condensable material in the
gas phase is set equal to the rate at which condensa-
tion occurs on particles. Model simulations are pre-
sented for a batch system both with and without
sources ot primary aerosol and for a trajectory system.
Model simulations and smog chamber experiments
are in qualitative agreement.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Atmospheric models,
"Mathematical models, "Aerosols, "Dynamics, Urban
areas, Photochemistry, Test chambers, Transport
properties, Smog, "Air quality.
PB85-137792/HSU	PC AIO/MF A01
Draft Environmental Impact Statement for South-
west Orange County, Florida Wastewater Manage-
ment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Oct 84,225p EPA/904/10-84/123
This Draft Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) ad-
dresses proposed wastewater facilities for Southwest
Orange County, Florida. Numerous wastewater man-
agement alternatives have been evaluated with par-
ticular attention to water quality in the area's surface
and groundwater resources and the impacts of project-
ed population growth on the sensitive natural and
human resources of the area.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, "Environmental
impact statements-draft, Water pollution, Population
growth, Injection wells, Waste disposal, Irrigation,
Citrus trees, Ground water, Land use, Septic tanks.
Cost analysis, Odors. Construction, Esthetics, Florida,
Orange County(Florida), Land application.
PB85-138006/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technical Support Staff.
Evaporative Emissions of Methanol Blsnd Fueled
Vehicles. Technical rept.,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
H. E. Dietzmann. Nov 84,12pEPA/AA/TSS/PA-84/5
Contract EPA-68-03-3192
This report describes evaporative emission tests that
were conducted on a 14-vehlcle Department of Energy
(DOE) fleet currently under test at Southwest Re-
search Institute. Seven vehicles were accumulating
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
cles were accumulating mileage on an alcohol blend
containing 4 percent methanol, 2 percent ethanol and
2 percent t-butyl alcohol (TBA). Alcohol speciation of
evaporative emission hydrocarbons was conducted on
selected tests using the alcohol-containing fuel. In ad-
dition, a 'Matched blend' gasoline was prepared so
that the front-end volatility index (FEVI) was equivalent
to the FEVI of the control fuel.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, "Evapo-
ration, Blends, Inspection, Methyl alcohol, Ethyl alco-
hol, Butanols, Gasoline, "Gasohol, "Alcohol fuels,
Butyl alcohols.
PB85-138162/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Ambient Versus Predicted Carbon Monoxide
Levels. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
M. Wolcott. Sep 82, 18p EPA/AA/TEB/EF-82-4
See also PB81 -238305.
MOBILE2 is a computer program that calculates emis-
sion factors for hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and
oxides of nitrogen for highway motor vehicles. The pro-
gram uses the calculation procedures described in the
Compilation of Air Pollution Emission Factors: Highway
Mobile Sources, (EPA 460/3-81-005, PB 81-238305),
to calculate emission factors for eight individual vehi-
cle types in three regions of the country. These emis-
sion estimates depend upon various conditions, such
as ambient temperature and vehicle usage. MOBILE2
can estimate emission factors for any calendar year
between 1970 and 2020. Various groups have tried to
characterize the accuracy of the MOBILE2 emission
factors model by comparing its emissions results to air
quality measurements during the 1970-1980 period.
This report shows that such comparisons are sensitive
to the input assumptions used to generate the emis-
sion results.
Keywords: 'Carbon monoxide, 'Exhaust gases,
'Motor vehicles, 'Air pollution, Hydrocarbons, Nitro-
gen oxides, Computer programming, Temperature,
Monitoring, Test methods, Mathematical prediction.
PB85-138170/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Distribution of Bacterial Infections In the Lubbock
Infection Surveillance Study of Wastewater Spray
Irrigation,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
D. E. Camann, and M. N. Guentzel. Dec 84,30p EPA/
600/D-84/288
Prepared in cooperation with Texas Univ. at San Anto-
nio.
The Lubbock Infection Surveillance Study monitored
bacterial infections in the vicinity of the Lubbock Land
Treatment System expansion near Wilson, Texas to in-
vestigate the association, if any, between the occur-
rence of new bacterial infection in people and their ex-
posure through slow rate (sprinkler) land application to
wastewater or its aerosol which contained potentially
pathogenic bacteria. Bacterial infections were moni-
tored during the first four major periods of wastewater
irrigation: February-April 1982, July-September 1982,
February-April 1983 and July-August 1983. Fecal
specimens were provided by about 120 donors in 1982
and 100 donors in 1983 during designated weeks just
before, during and near the end of each irrigation
period to detect new bacterial infections occurring in
the interim. Clinical bacteriological analyses were de-
signed to isolate overt and opportunistic pathogens.
Keywords: 'Bacterial diseases, 'Infections, 'Sewage
disposal, Waste water reuse, Water pollution, Patholo-
gy, Microorganisms, Aerosols, Texas, 'Land disposal,
Sewage irrigation, "Spray irrigation systems,
WilsonfTexas).
PB85-138188/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazardous Waste Incinerator Performance Eval-
uations by the United States Environmental Pro-
tection Agency,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
D. A. Oberacker. Dec 84,12pEPA/600/D-84-285
This paper provides a summary of performance infor-
mation gained from hazardous waste incineration test-
ing supported by USEPA. The data and results pre-
sented focus on twelve (12) environmental perform-
ance evaluations conducted on industrial and com-
mercial waste incinerators from 1974-1984. Specific
installations tested included liquid injection units,
rotary kiln-plus-afterburner furnaces, controlled air
units, and the Vulcanus ships which utilize large, un-
scrubbed liquid injection units. Pumpable liquids,
gases, bulk solids, and containized solid-liquid materi-
als were studied. Some units were 'off-site commer-
cial' waste disposal facilities, while others were 'on-
site, dedicated' units used for process waste streams
or dedicated research installations. These results have
shown that well-designed and operated incinerators of
typical sizes incinerating a wide variety of organic
chemical wastes are capable of meeting current regu-
latory requirements with some exceptions. Most units
investigated were successful in meeting the waste de-
struction and removal (DRE) requirement, while other
requirements such as acid gas (HCI) control and par-
ticulate control were occasionally not met with some of
the lower technology pollution control systems.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Incinerators, "Solid
waste disposal, Performance evaluation, Industrial
wastes, Organic compounds, Hydrochloric acid, Parti-
cles, Air pollution control, Regulations, 'Liquid waste
disposal, Ocean incineration.
PB85-138196/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Evaluation of Two Numerical Integrator Schemes.
Final rept.,
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
A. A. N. Patrinos, and M. J. Leach. Dec 84,43p EPA/
600/3-84/112
Two numerical integrators of the advection-diffusion
equation used in air pollution simulations were tested
in the framework of an evaluation methodology. The
schemes were an integrator based on a polynomial ap-
proximation algorithm and a version of the pseudo-
spectral integrator. The evaluation methodology in-
cluded two test cases: the transport of a spline puff
and a constant point source. Testing criteria included
accuracy, conservation, and efficiency. Accuracy was
assessed with the use of 'norms' which used the exact
analytical solution values. The 'polynomial' integrator
demonstrated superior consistency in its performance
and generally better accuracy. The cost was, however,
about 2.5 times that of the pseudospectral one. The
pseudospectral integrator with its expanding mesh dis-
played deteriorating accuracy whenever the signal ap-
proached the boundaries. Simple filtering algorithms
have failed to effectively control this problem.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric diffusion, "Diffusion theory,
'Advection, 'Air pollution, Mathematical models, Nu-
merical integration, Approximation, Polynomials, Eval-
uation, Atmospheric dispersion, Pseudospectral meth-
ods.
PB85-138204/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
National Performance Audit Program Ambient Air
Audits of Analytical Proficiency -1983,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Div.
R. L. Lampe, B. F. Parr, G. Pratt, O. L. Dowler, and W.
J. Mitchell. Oct 84,64p EPA/600/4-84/077
See also PB84-189935.
This report presents the results of the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency's 1983 National Audit Pro-
gram by pollutant and by analytical method. Semiannu-
al audits were conducted for S02 and N02 (bubbler
methods), Pb, N03(-) and S04(=) (filter strips) and
CO (continuous monitors). One audit was conducted
on high-volume flow rate. Continuous S02 monitors
were audited throughout the year, such that no monitor
was audited more than once. This was the first year
that acid rain audits were conducted for U.S. laborato-
ries -- approximately 30 laboratories participated in
each semiannual acid rain audit.
Keywords: 'Auditing, 'Air pollution, 'Laboratories,
Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Sulfates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Lead(Metal), Carbon monoxide, Quality control,
Monitors, Sites, Concentration(Composition),
Tables(Data), 'Acid rain, Air pollution sampling.
PB85-138212/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Bulkheadlng Effects on Radon Release from the
Twilight Uranium Mine,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
V. W. Thomas, C. S. Musulin, and J. C. Franklin. Jan
81, 25p PNL-3693
Contract DE-AC06-76RL01830
Sponsored in part by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Prepared in cooperation
with Bureau of Mines, Spokane, WA. Spokane Re-
search Center.
A study was made to determine the effects of bulk-
heading on radon release from an underground urani-
um mine during both exhausting and blowing ventila-
tion. The continuous radon measurements were made
with and without a large portion (about 40 to 45%) of
the mine totally or partially bulkheaded for consecutive
periods of up to 2 weeks. These measurements
showed that bulkheading produced a major effect on
the total radon leaving the mine and that this effect
was dependent upon the type of ventilation and the in-
tegrity of the bulkheads.
Keywords: 'Radon, "Environmental engineering,
Emission, Mining, Uranium ore deposits, Bulkheads,
Air flow, Leakage, Mine ventilation, Environments.
PB8S-138220	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
UV-Sensitive Complex Phosphorus: Association
with Dissolved Humic Materials and Iron In a Bog
Lake. Journal article,
Michigan State Univ., Hickory Corners. W.K. Kellogg
Biological Station.
D. Francko, and R. Heath. C1982, 9pCONTRIB-450,
EPA/600/J-82/440
Grant EPA-R-801936
Prepared in cooperation with Kent State Univ., OH.
Dept. of Biological Sciences.
Pub. in Limnology and Oceanography 27, n3 p564-569
1982.
The concentration of UV-sensitive complex phospho-
rus compounds in water from an acid bog lake was lin-
early related to the concentration of dissolved high
molecular weight humic material (DHM) both season-
ally and diurnally. The first-order rate of photoreduc-
tion (Fe(+3) to Fe(+2) of DHM.. iron equaled the rate
of release of orthophosphate (SRP) from these com-
pounds. The rate of photoreduction of DHM.. iron was
the same as the rate of photoreduction of ferric citrate
under similar conditions. Reduced DHM. . iron was
auto-oxidizable (Fe(+2) to Fe(+5); ferrous citrate was
not. These data support the view that orthophosphate
sorbed to ferric iron. . DHM complexes may be re-
leased by a mechanism involving UV-induced photore-
duction of ferric iron to the ferrous state.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Ultraviolet radiation,
"Lakes, "Phosphorous inorganic compounds, "Humic
acid, "Iron, Molecular weight, Samples, Chemical re-
actions, Biochemistry, Water analysis, Limnology,
Chemical analysis, Concentration(Composition), Re-
prints, 'Water pollution detection, "Iron ions.
PB8S-138279/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Div.
Hazardous Air Pollutants: Dry-Deposition Phe-
nomena,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
G. A. Sehmel, R. N. Lee, and T. W. Horst. Dec 84,80p
EPA/600/3-84/114
Dry-deposition rates were evaluated for two hazardous
organic air pollutants, nitrobenzene and perchloroeth-
ylene, to determine their potential for removal from the
atmosphere to three building material surfaces,
cement, tar paper, and vinyl asbestos tile. Dry-deposi-
tion experiments were conducted in two stirred cham-
bers. Building materials were placed on the bottom of
the stirred chambers, and removal rates were evaluat-
ed by introducing the organic air pollutant along with
nondepositing sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer gas into
a stirred chamber. Changes in airborne concentrations
with time were then monitored. Because the HAP re-
moval rates were small, sulfur hexafluoride tracer gas
was used to evaluate the rates of leakage from the SC
in order to correct the deposition rates. When HAP wall
losses were assumed negligible, HAP concentration
decreases (corrected using the SF6 leakage rate)
ranged from near 0 to 3 %/h. Dry-deposition velocities
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
were calculated from the rate-of-change over time of
the airborne concentrations. The calculated deposition
velocities were consistently small, approximately
.0001 cm/sec or less. These deposition velocities re-
flect mostly substrate resistance, but the fan speed
could not be increased sufficiently to ensure in the limit
that only substrate resistance was measured.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, * Air pollution, 'Con-
struction materials, Sulfur hexafluoride,
Concentration(Composition), Test chambers, Sam-
pling, Transport properties, Substrates, 'Benzene/
nitro, 'Ethylene/perchloro, 'Tracer studies, Dry depo-
sition.
PB85-138535/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Thermal Degradation Products from Dielectric
Fluids. Interim rept. no. 1,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
M. D. Erickson, C. J. Cole, J. D. Flora, P. G. Gorman,
and C. L. Haile. 19 Nov 84,100p* EPA/560/5-84/009
Contract EPA-68-02-3938
Electrical transformer fires can cause extensive smoke
damage, especially when polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs) are involved since they can form polychlorinat-
ed dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and other toxic by-prod-
ucts. To characterize the potential for by-product for-
mation, this study was undertaken to optimize condi-
tions for PCDF formation from PCBs and to study the
potential for formation of PCDFs and polychlorinated
dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) from combustion of selected
dielectric fluids, including those contaminated with
PCBs. A bench-scale thermal destruction system was
used to combust the samples. The dielectric fluid was
fed continuously using a syringe pump. The concentra-
tions of CO, C02, and 02 in the effluent were moni-
tored continuously. The entire effluent from the ther-
mal destruction system was passed through an XAD-2
trap to collect PCDFs and other semivolatile organics.
The XAD-2 trap and a rinse of connective tubing were
Soxhlet extracted. Extracts were cleaned using
column chromatography to isolate the PCDFs and
PCDDs. All samples were analyzed for PCDFs using
HRGC/EIMS in the selected ion monitoring mode. The
results of this work indicate that the optimum condi-
tions for PCDF formation from PCBs are near 675C for
0.8 s or longer, with 8% excess oxygen. Under these
conditions, percent levels of PCDFs are formed from
mineral oil or silicone oil contaminated with PCBs at
5ppm or greater. PcDFs and PCDDs are also formed
from a trichlorobenzene dielectric fluid which con-
tained no detectable PCBs.
Keywords: 'Insulating oil, 'Transformers, 'Combus-
tion products, 'Pyrolysis, 'Air pollution, Samples, In-
dustrial hygiene, Degradation, Thermal degradation,
Flammability testing, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls,
'Toxic substances, Indoor air pollution, Polychlorinat-
ed dibenzodioxins, Polychlorinated dibenzofurans, Di-
benzodioxin/tetrachloro, Dibenzofuran/tetrachloro.
PB85-138576/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.- Cincinnati,
OH.
Technical Overview of the Concept of Disposing
of Hazardous Wastes in Industrial Boilers. Final
rept.,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
C. Castaldini, H. K. Willard, C. D. Wolbach, and L. R.
Waterland. Dec 84,198p EPA/600/2-B4/197
Contract EPA-68-03-2567
The use of industrial boilers for the destruction of haz-
ardous wastes is increasing at a rapid rate. This is
partly due to the fact that the practice changes a 'neg-
ative value' waste material into a 'positive value' fuel
and partly to the fact that current RCRA regulations
specifically exempt facilities that burn wastes in energy
producing operations from complying with RCRA incin-
eration mandates. This study evaluated the concept
with the purpose of answering the following questions:
What is the present and projected magnitude of haz-
ardous waste combustion in boilers. Which waste ma-
terials and boiler types are the most compatible, and
what quantities of these are available. What are the
potential mechanical difficulties or environmental haz-
ards associated with this practice.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste dispos-
al, 'Boilers, 'Industrial wastes, 'Incinerators, Environ-
266 Vol. 90, No. 24
mental impacts, Regulations, Forecasting,
Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act.
PB85-138584/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Scientific Assessment Document on Status of
Complex Terrain Dispersion Models for EPA Reg-
ulatory Applications,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
F. A. Schiermeier. Nov 84,133p EPA/600/3-84/103
The U.S. Environmental Project Agency is sponsoring
the Complex Terrain Development program, a multi-
year integrated effort to develop, evaluate, and refine
practical plume dispersion models for calculating
ground-level air pollutant concentrations that result
from large emission sources located in mountainous
terrain. At the present time, slightly more than halfway
through the effort, a scientific assessment document
on the status of complex terrain dispersion models for
regulatory application has been prepared to inform po-
tential users of the current availability of complex ter-
rain dispersion models, and to describe the future
products of the Complex Terrain Model Development
program. This assessment document summarizes the
meteorological phenomena of importance to complex
terrain modeling and describes currently available
modeling techniques. Results from selected model
evaluation studies and from related fluid modeling sim-
ulations are also presented. Based on this current
state of model development, suggestions are present-
ed for model improvements and for current and future
research needs. The assessment document con-
cludes with a summary of major findings and associat-
ed conclusions pertinent to the topic of complex Ter-
rain dispersion modeling.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models,
Concentration(Composition), Meteorology, Forecast-
ing, Sources, Plumes, 'Complex Terrain Models.
PB85-138600/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
User's Guide for the Computer Program Re-
sponse Factor (REFAC). Rept. for Jul 83-Sep 84,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
M. C. Bates, and G. G. Hansen. Nov 84,43p EPA/
600/8-84/028
This manual describes REFAC to the user and demon-
strates how to run the program. A description of the IN-
ITIALIZATION and ONGOING process is given in Sec-
tion 2 along with the formulas used to calculate rele-
vant statistics. Section 3 describes the running of
REFAC, provides a command list, and also gives ex-
amples of REFAC generated output for both ONGO-
ING and INITIALIZATION processes. REFAC varia-
bles and data structures are presented along with the
source listing in Section 4.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Manuals, Com-
puter programs, Fortran, Performance evaluation,
'User manuals(Computer programs).
PB85-138618/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Trace Metal Retention When Firing Hazardous
Waste in a Fluidized-Bed Incinerator. Final rept.
Oct 83-Jun 84,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
R. D. Litt, and T. L. Tewksbury. Dec 84,46p EPA/600/
2-84/198
Contract EPA-68-02-3169
The report describes a bench-scale fluidized-bed in-
cinerator that will capture trace metals on the bed ma-
terial when firing hazardous waste. The design is
based on limited tests at an existing laboratory facility.
Operating conditions, operating procedures, and
equipment design are established for greater than 90
percent trace metal capture on the bed material. A sur-
rogate hazardous waste, paint containing lead chro-
mate, was used in the tests. Other trace metals were
identified that can be captured by agglomeration on a
silica bed material. The design provides the capability
of operating in either a single or double stage configu-
ration so that various bed materials or operating condi-
tions can be used to capture different trace metals or
to provide more effective capture. The bench-scale flu-
idized-bed incinerator will have the flexibility to operate
with several fuels, bed materials, and fluxing agents,
over a wide range of operating conditions.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'Metals, 'Incinerators, Fluidized bed processors,
'Air pollution control, Trace elements, Performance
evaluation, Design criteria, Gas analysis, Chemical
analysis, Experimental design, 'Air pollution detection.
PB85-138626/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Hazardous Air Pollutants: Wet Removal Rates and
Mechanisms. Final rept.,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
M. T. Dana, R. N. Lee, and J. M. Hales. Dec 84,106p
EPA/600/3-84/113
Fourteen hazardous organic air pollutants were evalu-
ated for their potentials to be wet deposited by precipi-
tation scavenging. This effort included a survey of so-
lubilities (Henry's Law constants) in the literature,
measurement of solubilities of three selected species,
development and documentation of a general deposi-
tion model (MPADD) which includes dry deposition
and plume depletion, and performance of scavenging
field experiments to provide a data base for testing the
model. Solubility parameters (dimensionless ratio of
aqueous concentration to air concentration) for ethyl-
ene oxide, nitrobenzene, and methyl chloroform were
measured in rainwater at two temperatures each Four
field experiments were conducted: three using nitro-
benzene and one involving methyl chloroform. Agree-
ment of measured concentrations with model-calculat-
ed values was good for nitrobenzene, despite larger
than desired experimental uncertainties during two of
the releases. Analytical difficulties resulted in only a
few measurements of methyl chloroform rainwater
concentrations; these however, were in general agree-
ment with model calculations and expectations on the
basis of its much lower solubility than that of nitroben-
zene. These results and sample test runs of the Multi-
Pollutant Atmospheric Deposition and Depletion
(MPADD) model, including dry deposition estimates,
show that wet deposition should have little effect on
plumes of non-reactive hazardous gases within kilo-
meters of their sources.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Air pollution, 'Re-
action kinetics, Organic compounds, Solubility,
Concentration(Composition), Sources, Field tests,
Chloromethanes, 'Chemical reaction mechanisms,
Ethane/trichloro, Wet deposition, Multi-Pollutant At-
mospheric Deposition and Depletion model, Benzene/
nitro, Methane/chloro.
PB85-138634/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Technology Assessment o( Carver-Greenfield Mu-
nicipal Sludge Drying Process. Final rapt. Apr 81-
Apr 83,
WWI Consulting Engineers, Emeryville, CA.
H. C. Hyde. Dec 84, 77p* EPA/600/2-84/200
Contract EPA-68-03-3016
This project provided a technology assessment of a
promising alternative for drying municipal wastewater
sludge. Evaluated was the Carver-Greenfield (C-G)
process which uses the principle of multiple effect
evaporation. The process can dry aqueous solutions
or slurries with a wide range of solids content (4-45%).
The unique characteristic of the process is the addition
of a carrier oil which maintains viscosities at a low
enough level to facilitate pumping and heat transfer
when the solids content becomes higher as water is
evaporated. The process has been used primarily in
the food, pharmaceutical, and industrial wastewater
treatment Industries and has seen limited application
for municipal sludge drying. The only municipal appli-
cation in this country is now under construction for the
City of Los Angeles Hyperion Energy Recovery
System (HERS) project, the process appears energy
and cost effective.
Keywords: 'Sludge drying, 'Municipalities, Evapora-
tion, Slurries, Fluidizing, Oils, Liquids, Pumping, Sepa-
ration, Centrifuging, Filter presses, Extraction, Cost ef-
fectiveness, Design criteria, Flow charts, California
'Carver-Greenfield drying process, Energy conserva-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB85-138642/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Fall-Safe Devices for the Prevention of Hazardous
Material Spills. Final rept. Dec 79-81,
Factory Mutual Research Corp., Norwood, MA.
D. B. Heard. Dec 84,84p* EPA/600/2-84/189
Contract EPA-68-03-2054
Hazardous material spills have often been caused by
over filling containers. Many spills could be prevented
by using automatic container-filling procedures to de-
termine when maximum capacity is reached. This
project conducted an assessment of current technolo-
gy, including laboratory testing of devices and perform-
ance monitoring of on-site automatic level controllers.
Three industrial plants cooperated in the field testing
phase, each having a different problem with a different
material. The types of level control devices chosen
were ultrasonic, vibrating tines, and a magnetic-cou-
pled float unit. Two of the units were activated by elec-
tricity, and the third was pneumatic. One unit con-
trolled dry powder; the second, a viscous liquid; and
the third, an aqueous liquid. Each location required an
explosion-proof system. All were subjected to the ex-
tremes of weather, and all were installed without signif-
icant revisions to existing containers. The on-site ex-
perience at host plants demonstrated that fail-safe
level controllers can work well for an extended period
under severe weather conditions. The proper control-
ler configuration must be chosen to be compatible with
the environment and with the material being con-
trolled. Controllers should incorporate requisite safe-
guards to assure safety and be resistant to corrosion,
fouling and weather.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Measuring instru-
ments, "Containers, "Safety devices, "Solid waste dis-
posal, Field tests, Performance evaluation, Sites, As-
sessments, Corrosion, 'Hazardous materials spills,
"Liquid waste disposal.
PB85-138659/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Interlaboratory Evaluation of Measurements for
HCN and H2S Released from Wastes. Rept. for Sep
82-Nov 84,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. W. Handy, D. J. Smith, and E. D. Pellizzari. Dec 84,
95p EPA/600/4-84/090
Contract EPA-68-03-3099
The objective of this project was to assess a proposed
method for determining whether a waste is hazardous
on the basis of its release of hydrogen cyanide or hy-
drogen sulfide upon contact with acidic medium. This
was accomplished by performing a single-laboratory
evaluation of the method and by conducting an interla-
boratory study to estimate method precision. The test
method, proposed by the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency's Office of Solid Waste, involves acidifying
a waste material to pH 2 and measuring by means of
stain tubes the amount of gaseous hydrogen cyanide
(HCN) or hydrogen sulfide (H2S) evolved. This report
contains a description of the interlaboratory study and
an assessment of the proposed method for measuring
HCN and H2S evolved from waste materials.
Keywords: 'Hydrogen sulfide, 'Hydrogen cyanide,
'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial wastes, Experimen-
tal design, pH, Laboratory equipment, Assessments,
Tables(Data), Metal industry, Coal, Performance eval-
uation, Sludge disposal, Paper industry, Tanning mate-
rials, 'Solid wastes.
PB85-138667/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
Final Environmental Impact State, Red Dog Mine
Project, Northwest Alaska.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Sep 84, 431 p EPA/910/9-84/122A
See also PB85-138675 and PB84-171677. Prepared in
cooperation with Department of Interior, Washington,
DC.
Actions to be considered are the approvals of permits
for the proposed Red Dog Mine Project in northwest-
em Alaska. A transportation corridor would be con-
structed from the mine to a port site on the Chukchi
Sea. Impacts of the proposed pro|ect are described as
they relate to vegetation and wetlands, wildlife, water
quality, fishery resources, physical and chemical
oceanography, air quality, visual resources, cultural re-
sources, subsistence, socioeconomics, recreation,
cost and Cape Krusenstern National Monument.
Keywords: "Mining, 'Environmental impact state-
ments-final, Licenses, Construction, Wildlife, Water
pollution, Fisheries, Air pollution, Land use, Esthetics,
Vegetation, Social effect, Economic impact, Recrea-
tion, Red Dog Creek, Alaska, Wetlands.
PB85-138675/HSU	PC A1S/MF A01
Final Environmental Impact Statement, Red Dog
Mine Protect, Northwest Alaska. Volume 2. Appen-
dices.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Sep 84, 334p EPA/910/9-84/122B
See also PB85-138667. Prepared in cooperation with
Department of Interior, Washington, DC.
Appendices to EPA 910/9-84-122a: Red Dog Mine
Project Final Environmental Impact Statement are de-
scribed in the report. Included in the study are: Recla-
mation plan; Spill prevention and control; Biological as-
sessment; Permits; Cultural resources protection; and
Coastal zone management.
Keywords: 'Mining, 'Environmental impact state-
ments-final, Land reclamation, Fisheries, Wildlife,
Soils, Tailings, Water pollution control, Equipment,
Construction, Transportation, Mammals, Licenses,
Maps, Alaska, Endangered species, Oil spills, Habi-
tats.
PB85-138899/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Isolation and Concentration of Organic Sub-
stances from Water: An Evaluation of Supercriti-
cal Fluid Extraction,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
D. J. Ehntholt, C. P. Eppig, and K. E. Thron. Nov 84,
68p* EPA/600/1-84/026
Contract EPA-68-03-3001
This study describes the use of supercritical fluid
carbon dioxide (SCF C02), as an extraction solvent,
for the isolation and concentration of twenty-three
specified organic solutes in water at trace levels. This
type of direct extraction using a non-toxic, non-hazard-
ous solvent such as carbon dioxide represents a new
concept for the isolation and concentration of organic
compounds from water. The ability of SCF C02 system
to extract and subsequently trap model solutes, with
widely varying chemical and physical properties, was
generally found to be lacking. Only four of the model
solutes (2,4-dichlorophenol, isophorone, phenan-
threne and stearic acid) demonstrated recovery values
of greater than 40 percent. The low recoveries were to
an inefficient trap system, adsorption, and the inability
of supercritical fluid C02 to extract highly water solu-
ble or alkaline solutes.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Solvent extraction,
'Water pollution, "Industrial wastes, 'Water analysis,
Extraction, Chemical properties, Physical properties,
Trace elements, Chemical analysis, Potable water,
Carbon dioxide, Toxicity, Concentration(Composition),
Separation, 'Supercritical fluid extraction, 'Organic
matter, 'Water pollution detection, Procedures.
PB85-140630/H8U	PC A11/MF A01
Maps Depicting Nonattalnment Areas Pursuant to
Section 107 of the Clean Air Act - 1984,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office ot Air Quality Planning and Standards.
J. Yarn, W. Beal, and C. Tate. Jul 84,228p* EPA/450/
2-04/006
See also PB82-232174.
This report is a detailed mapping of the United States
depicting those areas not attaining the National Ambi-
ent Air Quality Standards for carbon monoxide, nitro-
gen dioxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide and total suspended
particulates. It includes non-attainment area maps and
supporting lists from Federal Register publications for
final actions through July 1,1984.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Maps, 'Standards, Regula-
tions, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Ozone,
Sulfur dioxide, Particles, 'Clean Air Act, "National am-
bient air quality standards, Total suspended particles.
PB85-142016/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Review and Evaluation of the Evidence for Cancer
Associated with Air Pollution. Final rept.,
Clement Associates, Inc., Arlington, VA.
I. C. T. Nisbet, M. A. Schneiderman, N. J. Karch, and D.
M. Siegel. 7 Nov 84, 295p* EPA/450/5-83/006R
Contract EPA-68-02-3396
Supersedes PB84-164078.
This final report is a comprehensive summary and
compilation of the scientific evidence related to the hy-
pothesis that cancer rates in human populations are
associated with their exposure to pollutants present in
the ambient air. Critical comments on the strength and
weaknesses of the studies are presented and general
methodological problems in the conduct and interpre-
tation of the studies are discussed. No overall judg-
ments about the weight of the entire body of scientific
evidence are presented.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Toxicology, Exposure, Re-
views, Epidemiology, Sources, Malignant neoplasms,
Iron and steel industry, Combustion products, Industri-
al	wastes,	Petrochemistry,
Concentration(Composition), Public health, Arsenic,
Asebestos, Vinyl chloride, 'Cancer, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans).
PB85-142701 /HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Re-
search
Ambient Monitoring of Pollutants Around Synfuel
Plants. Final rept.,
Massachusetts Inst, of Tech., Cambridge. Energy Lab.
D. S. Golomb, S. A. Batterman, and T. D. Rubin. Sep
84, 40p MIT/EL-84/015
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Environmental Processes
and Effects Research.
This study was undertaken to aid in the evaluation of
Environmental Monitoring Plans (EMP) submitted to
the U.S. Synfuel Corporation by prospective operators
of large-scale synfuel plants who are applying for fi-
nancial assistance. In accordance with the Energy Se-
curity Act of 1980, such applicants must provide an ac-
ceptable EMP in order to qualify for the assistance.
The EMP is reviewed in consultation with the U.S. En-
vironmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Depart-
ment of Energy. This study was sponsored by EPA to
aid in their consultative role. The study is limited to
evaluating the ambient monitoring plan of the EMP.
Ambient monitoring we interpret as pertaining to the
surveillance and measurement of pollutants that may
emanate from the synfuel complex but are found out-
side the perimeter of the plant buildings and facilities.
The ambient so-interpreted includes the airspace, and
surface- and ground-waters, beyond, above and below
the perimeter ('outside-the-fence') of the complex.
Keywords: 'Monitoring, "Air pollution, Dispersing, Col-
lecting methods, Organic compounds, Hazardous ma-
terials, Sites, Concentration(Composition), Wind direc-
tion, Statistical data, Effluents, Sources, Ground water,
Water wells, Surface waters, Evaluation, Energy Secu-
rity Act of 1980, "Synthetic fuels industry, 'Air pollution
sampling.
PB85-143253/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Economic Evaluation of Advanced Limestone,
Davy S-H, and Dowa Gypsum-Producing FGD
(Rue Qas Desuifurizatlon) Processes. Final rept.
Jun 79-Dec 82,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Div. of
Energy Demonstrations and Technology.
R. L. Dotson, J. D. Maxwell, and T. A. Burnett. Feb 84,
199p* TVA/OP/EDT-82/20, EPA/600/7-84/025
The report gives results of economic evaluations of
three gypsum-producing flue gas desulfurization proc-
esses: advanced limestone (Tn-loop forced oxidation
with adipic acid additive), Davy S-H (lime), and Dowa
(aluminum sulfate, limestone). For a 500-MW power
unit burning 3.5% sulfur coal and meeting the 1979
New Source Performance Standards, capital invest-
ments in 1982 costs are $93 million ($186/kW) for the
advanced limestone process, $116 million ($231 /kW)
for the Davy S-H process, and $121 million ($243/kW)
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
for the Dowa process. First-year annual revenue re-
quirements in 1984 costs for these processes are $26,
$33, and $32 million (9.4, 11.9, and 11.7 mills/kWh),
respectively. The lower capital investment and annual
revenue requirements of the advanced limestone
process are due in part to the use of adipic acid, which
allows partial scrubbing at 95% removal. The Davy S-
H process has slightly higher annual revenue require-
ments than the Dowa process because lime is used,
instead of limestone. Changes in power unit size and
coal sulfur content affect the costs of all three proc-
esses similarly. The Davy S-H process is more sensi-
tive to raw material costs because lime is used. Landfill
waste disposal is a minor cost element in all three
processes.
Keywords: 'Economic analysis, * Air pollution control,
"Gypsum, 'Solid waste disposal, Flue gases, Capital-
ized costs. Operating costs, Industrial wastes, Scrub-
bing, "Land disposal, Flue gas desulfurization, Davy S-
H process, Dowa process.
PB85-143261/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Technical Assistance Document for Monitoring
Sulfuric Acid Vapor from Stationary Sources,
Engineering-Science, Inc., Durham, NC.
W.T. Winberry. Jan 85,150p EPA/600/4-85/005
Contract EPA-68-01 -6312
When fuels containing sulfur are burned, almost quan-
titative formation of sulfur dioxide (S02) occurs. As
much as 5-8% of the sulfur dioxide emitted may be
converted to sulfur trioxide either by atomic oxygen in
the combustion zone or by efficient catalysis of heavy
metal contaminants in the fuel oil. At moisture levels
above four percent and temperatures below 300F
(149C), theoretical models indicate that the sulfur tri-
oxide quickly combines with the water vapor present to
form sulfuric acid vapor. The composition and concen-
tration of the chemical species emitted are influenced
by fuel characteristics, boiler design and operation,
and emission controls. It is precisely this combination
of emissions of different species of sulfates that has
hindered the characterization and measurement of sul-
furic acid vapor from combustion sources. This docu-
ment describes the different types of monitoring princi-
ples with their advantages and limitations. Evaluation
of different monitoring techniques-both laboratory and
field evaluation-are included in the document. Also in-
cluded is a section dealing with generating known con-
centration of sulfuric acid vapor used in evaluating
monitoring techniques.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Sulfuric acid, "Fuels,
Concentration(Composition), Gas analysis, Sampling,
Chemical analysis, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, 'Stationary sources, 'Air pollution sampling,
'Air pollution detection.
PB85-143279/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
Standard Operating Procedures for Conducting
Sampling and Sample Bank Audits,
Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH.
T. W. Owens, and D. J. Northington. Jan 85, 79p*
EPA/600/4-85/003
Contract EPA-68-03-3136
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA)
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory-Las
Vegas (EMSL-LV) is responsible for preparing Stand-
ard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for auditing sam-
pling and sample bank activities performed under the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) as
well as conducting field audits of these activities when
they are perlormed by EPA and EPA contractors. Al-
though SOPs for auditing analytical methods and labo-
ratory practices have been developed, guidelines for
conducting evaluations of sampling and sample bank
activities are generally lacking. This SOP provides the
Agency with such guidelines for evaluating and audit-
ing sample collection and sample bank activities. The
SOP provides audit personnel with a description of the
components and organization of an audit program.
Also discussed are administrative and procedural
functions necessary to initiate, conduct and complete
the audit and suggested qualifications and training re-
quirements for audit personnel. The Appendix of the
SOP provides checklists for use in conducting the
audit. Checklists are presented for identifying and/or
evaluating the use of proper sampling equipment and
270 Vol. 90, No. 24
materials, sampling methodology, packaging, labeling
and shipment of samples, quality assurance/quality
control (QA/QC) protocols, sampling plans and sam-
pling personnel.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, 'Hazardous materi-
als, "Sampling, 'Audits, 'Quality assurance, 'Stand-
ards, Samplers, Performance evaluation, Field tests,
Personnel development. Sites, Forms(Paper).
PB8S-143287/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Feasibility Study of Alternative Technology for
Small Community Water Supply. Final rept. 15 Sep
81-14 Mar 84,
MacNeill (John S.), Jr., Homer, NY.
J. S. MacNeill, and A. MacNeill. Dec 84,128p* EPA/
600/2-84/191
Grant EPA-CS-809411
A cooperative demonstration project was funded by
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to
enable the Village of Cayuga, N Y. to install and dem-
onstrate water filtration technology that may be appro-
priate for small water systems that use surface water
sources. A prefabricated filtration system consisting of
two cyclone separators in parallel followed by three
parallel treatment trains, each employing a contact
clarifier, a mixed media filter, and a granular activated
carbon filter was installed at Cayuga's existing water
treatment plant. The new equipment replaced facilities
built in the 1930's. After installation, careful records of
the first year's operation were kept to document water
quality, operating labor needs, and operating costs, in-
cluding power and chemicals.
Keywords: "Filtration, "Activated carbon treatment,
Feasibility, Clarification, Separators, Water supply,
Water quality, Operating costs, Manpower, Turbidity,
Cost analysis, Installing, Performance evaluations,
New York, "Alternative planning, Cayuga(New York).
PB85-143766/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Analytical Reference Standards and Supplemental
Data: The Pesticides and Industrial Chemicals Re-
pository.
Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH.
Oct 84,216p* EPA/600/4-84/082
Contract EPA-68-03-3136
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
This edition of the Analytical Reference Standards and
Supplemental Data: The Pesticides and Industrial
Chemicals Repository (hereinafter referred to as the
'Index'), supercedes the previous edition (EPA-600/2-
81-011) published in January, 1981. Continuing with
the general format begun in the 1973 edition, the Index
has been divided into separate listings for the pestici-
dal compounds and the industrial chemicals, along
with a number of supporting sections. Section 1 pro-
vides a history of the Pesticides and Industrial Chemi-
cals Repository, its purpose and related Program serv-
ices. Section 2 contains guidelines for requesting
standards and information on technical assistance and
emergencies, shipping restrictions and shipment ac-
knowledgment. Section 3 lists the pesticide reference
standards currently available from the Repository.
These standards are listed according to Compound
Code Number. An alphabetical cross-reference by
common name is also provided. This section lists addi-
tions to and deletions from the previous edition of the
Index, as well as compound name changes since
1981. Section 4 contains the industrial chemical refer-
ence standards currently available from the Reposi-
tory, additions to and deletions from the previous edi-
tion of the Index and compound name changes since
1981. Section 5 addresses the proper handling of pri-
mary standards. Guidelines for preparation and stor-
age of standard solutions are presented in Section 6
and a listing of contributing chemical manufacturers is
contained in Section 7. A Mailing List Confirmation
Form is supplied in Section 8. This form must be com-
pleted, signed and returned to the Repository to retain
your organization on the Repository's permanent mail-
ing list.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Industrial wastes, "Chemical
compounds, Standards, Chemical industry, Purchas-
ing, Tables(Data), Molecular structure, Guidelines,
"Standard reference materials, Chemical nomencla-
ture.
PB85-144046/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of Cryogenic Trapping As a Means for
Collecting Organic Compounds in Ambient Air,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
M. Holdren, S. Rust, R. Smith, and J. Koetz. Jan 85,
57p EPA/600/4-85/002
Contract EPA-68-02-3487
The methodology used in reduced temperature pre-
concentration of volatile organic compounds has been
tested using a prototype automated gas chromatogra-
phic system. Mixtures of sixteen volatile organic com-
pounds in humidified zero air were passed through a
Nation tube dryer and the organic compounds were
collected on a reduced-temperature trap. The dryer re-
duced the water concentration without significantly af-
fecting the integrity of the trace organic species. The
selective reduction of water vapor improves the chro-
matography of the trace organics and likewise permits
processing larger sample volumes. Statistical analysis
of the data indicated that the canisters would serve as
acceptable storage vessels for most of the volatile or-
ganic compounds tested.
Keywords: "Gas analysis, 'Gas chromatography,
'Traps, Organic compounds, Sampling, Cryogenics,
Performance evaluation, Laboratory equipment,
Chemical analysis, Air pollution, 'Volatile organic com-
pounds, 'Air pollution detection.
PB85-144053/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Proceedings: National Symposium on Recent Ad-
vances in Pollutant Monitoring of Ambient Air and
Stationary Sources, Held at Radison Plaza Raleigh
Hotel, on May 8-10, 1984.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Nov 84, 213p* EPA/600/9-84/019
The fourth annual national symposium sponsored by
EPA's Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
was held May 8-10,1984 in Raleigh, North Carolina. In
seven sessions over three days, papers and discus-
sions focused on state-of-the-art systems for monitor-
ing source emissions, ambient air, acid deposition,
hazardous emissions and personal monitoring. This
symposium is part of a continuing effort to explore
recent advances in pollutant monitoring of ambient air
and stationary sources. It serves as a forum for ex-
change of ideas and scientific information. In response
to the Agency regulatory needs, this symposium fo-
cused on acid deposition, personal exposure and toxic
substances. This publication is intended to assist
those researchers interested in furthering the science
of air monitoring. The papers In this proceedings are
abbreviated versions of those presented by the speak-
ers. Several papers are omitted because the speakers
did not submit them in time for the agency's peer
review.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Meetings, Laboratory equip-
ment, Samplers, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis,
Sites, Concentration(Composition), "Stationary
sources, 'Air pollution sampling, "Air pollution detec-
tion, State of the art.
PB85-144081/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Evaluation of Methods to Measure the Acute Tox-
icity of Sewage Sludge,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
D. C. Miller, M. Marcy, W. Berry, C. Deacutis, and S.
Lussier. Jan 85, 77p" EPA/600/D-84/295
Research was undertaken to determine whether im-
provements were needed to increase the reliability of
acute toxicity methodologies for mysid and juvenile At-
lantic silverside waste characterization tests for munic-
ipal sewage sludge. Three new acute bioassays using
mysids, larval fish and calanoid copepods were de-
signed expressly to test sewage sludge and results
using these tests were compared with results from
tests presently used to regulate ocean dumping of
sewage sludges. Similar results were obtained in an in-
terlaboratory comparison of methods using the same
sludge samples from three wastewater treatment
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
duct methods may be satisfactory to characterize
acute toxicity of sludge.
Keywords: "Sludge disposal, 'Toxicity, Test methods,
Bioassay, Larvae, Fishes, Comparison, Experimental
design, Reliability, Evaluation, "Sewage sludge, Ocean
waste disposal, Sewage treatment plants.
PB85-144079	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Cadmium on the Population Growth of
a Benthlc Invertebrate Aeolosoma Headleyi (011-
gochaeta). Journal article,
Virginia Polytechnic Inst, and State Univ., Blacksburg.
Dept. of Biology.
B. R. Niederlehner, A. L. Buikema, C. A. Pittinger, and
J. Cairns. C1984,10p EPA/600/J-84/182
Grant EPA-R-807932
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v3
n2 p255-262 1984.
A chronic toxicity test using population growth of an
aquatic oligochaete, Aeolosoma headleyi, was evalu-
ated for usefulness in determining the hazard of chron-
ic exposures to cadmium. Tests were conducted in ar-
tificial hard water (180 mg/L hardness) and dechlorin-
ated tap water (60 mg/L hardness). After 10 to 14 d of
exposure, there were significant differences between
groups in population growth rate or number of worms
in both water types. The no-observable-effects con-
centrations (NOEC) for replicate tests in artificial hard
water were 32.0 and 53.6 micrograms/L cadmium.
The 48-h LC50 in artificial hard water was 4,980 micro-
grams/L, yielding acute/chronic ratios of 155 and 92,
respectively. The oligochaete was more sensitive in
the softer dechlorinated tap water, with a NOEC of
17,2 micrograms/L cadmium and a 48-h LC50 of 1,200
micrograms/L. The acute/chronic ratio was 70. Dose-
response curves were linear at higher concentrations,
but stimulation of reproduction was noted at low con-
centrations.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Cadmium, Metals, Inverte-
brates, Reprints, Aeolosoma headleyi, "Water pollu-
tion effects(Animals), Oligochaetes, "Heavy metals.
PB85-144087	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effect of Ventilation and Perfusion Imbalance on
Inert Gas Rebreathlng Variables. Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Medi-
cine.
M. Friedman, S. A. Wilkins, A. F. Rothfeld, and P. A.
Bromberg. C1984, 7p EPA/600/J-84/170
Grant EPA-R-805184
Pub. in Jnl. of Applied Physiology, v56 n2 p364-369
1984.
The effects of ventilation-to-perfusion (Va/Qc) maldis-
tribution within the lungs on measured multiple gas re-
breathing variables were studied in 14 dogs. The re-
breathing method (using He, C18C, and C2H2) allows
for measurements of pulmonary capillary blood flow
(Qc), diffusing capacity (DLco), lung gas volume, and
the combined pulmonary tissue and capillary blood
volume (VTPC). Va/Qc imbalance was created by re-
versibly occluding the right main pulmonary artery or
by reversibly obstructing the left main bronchus in
eight dogs. Six additionafdogs were ventilated with 10
cmH20 positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) to
create a bimodal distribution of Va/Qc within the lungs.
No significant alterations in computed rebreathing vari-
ables, except for a small (14%) decrease in DLco, oc-
cured during right main pulmonary artery occlusion,
whereas obstruction of the left main bronchus caused
parallel decreases (mean of 46%) in all rebreathing
variables.
Keywords: "Respiratory system, "Lungs, "Gases,
Dogs, Laboratory animals, Reprints.
PB85-144095	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Frequency Dependence of Effective Nasal Resist-
ance. Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Medi-
cine.
J. M. Fullton, N. D. Fischer, A. F. Drake, and P. A.
Bromberg. c1984, 7p EPA/600/J-84/169
Grant EPA-R-805184
Pub. in Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology,
v93 n2p140-145 1984.
Forced random noise techniques were used to charac-
terize the effective resistance of the nasal passages in
normal subjects and subjects who were candidates for
surgical correction of nasal obstruction. The slope of
the effective resistance curve was characterized by
the average resistances over 3 to 5 Hz and 13 to 15
Hz. Subjects with nasal obstruction had effective nasal
resistance curves which were more frequency depend-
ent than those of normal subjects (p<0.05). A mathe-
matical model consisting of two series resistance-in-
ertance elements in parallel was used to simulate the
nasal passages. With this model the authors were able
to generate effective resistance curves similar to those
measured in both normal and obstructed subjects. The
forced random noise technique may be a convenient,
noninvasive technique for studying the fluid mechani-
cal properties of airflow in the nasal passages and the
effects of pharmacological and surgical interventions
on nasal resistance.
Keywords: "Surgery, Obstructions, Models, Pharma-
cology, Reprints, "Nasal passages.
PB85-144103/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Biological Methods for Determining Toxicity of
Contaminated Freshwater Sediments to Inverte-
brates. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A. V. Nebeker, M, A. Cairns, J. H. Gakstatter, K. W.
Malueg, and G. S. Schuytema. 1984,17p EPA/600/J-
84/184
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v3
p617-630 Oct/Dec 84.
Methods are presented for using Daphnia magna, Hya-
lella azteca, Gammarus lacustris, Chironomus tentans
and Hexagenia limbata to screen freshwater sedi-
ments for acute and chronic toxicity, bioaccumulation
potential and in situ toxicity. The 48-h Daphnia tests
are recommended as inexpensive, uncomplicated and
sensitive acute methods. Hyalella and Chironomus are
the recommended test organisms as they are easy to
rear and test, they remain in intimate contact with the
sediment and they exhibit high control survival. Verifi-
cation studies evaluating the recommended methods
and organisms are briefly summarized.
Keywords: "Sediments, "Invertebrates, "Toxicity,
"Water pollution, Tests, Fresh water, Daphnia, Evalua-
tion, Diptera, Bioassay, Test methods, Survival, Re-
prints, Bioaccumulation.
PB85-144111/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Copper, Nickel and Zinc on the Life
Cycle of the Caddisfly 'Clistoronia magnifica'
(Llmnephilidae). Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A. V. Nebeker, C. Savonen, R. J. Baker, and J. K.
McCrady. 1984, 7p EPA/600/J-84/185
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v3
p645-649 Oct/Dec 84.
The caddisfly Clistoronia magnifica (Limnephilidae)
was exposed to copper, nickel and zinc in life cycle
tests. The copper test included continuous exposure
of first generation aquatic larvae and pupae, second
generation larvae and pupae and third generation
larvae. The aerial adults and eggs were exposed only
to body burdens obtained as larvae and pupae. Nickel
and zinc tests included first and second generation ex-
posure. Copper concentrations of greater than 17 mi-
crograms/! prevented completion of the life cycle, and
significant reduction in adult emergence occurred at
13.0 micrograms/l. The no-observed-effect level for
copper was 8.3 micrograms/l. Nickel concentrations
of greater than 250 micrograms/l prevented comple-
tion of the life cycle. The no-observed-effect level for
nickel was 66 micrograms/l.
Keywords: "Metals, "Toxicity, "invertebrates, Expo-
sure, Copper, Nickel, Zinc, Larvae,
Concentration(Composition), Life cycles, Tests, Pesti-
cides, Reprints, "Clistoronia magnifica, Caddisfly.
PB85-144129/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Pentachlorophenol on the Growth and
Mortality of Embryonic and Juvenile Steethead
Trout. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
S. E. Dominguez, and G. A. Chapman. 1984,7p EPA/
600/J-84/183
Pub. in Archieve of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 13, p739-743 Nov 84.
The toxicity of sodium pentachlorophenate to early life
stages of steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) was inves-
tigated, using a flow-through exposure system. A 96-hr
LC50 of 66 micrograms/l was derived for previously
unexposed ten-week-old fry. A 72-day test, beginning
24 hr after fertilization, yielded a chronic toxicity
threshold of 14 micrograms/l. These results, and the
acute/chronic ratio of 4.7, compare reasonably well
with values in the literature. Yolk sac edema and crani-
al malformations, which are commonly observed in
chronic tests with technical grade pentachlorophenol,
were rate in this test with purified (99%) material.
Keywords: "Phenols, "Biocides, "Toxicity, "Trout,
Sodium compounds, Chlorine organic compounds. Ex-
posure, Growth, Embryos, Mortality, Reprints, "Salmo
gairdneri, Phenol/pentachloro.
PB85-144137/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Cumulus Cloud Venting of Mixed Layer Ozone,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. K. S. Ching, S. T. Shipley, E. V. Browell, and D. A.
Brewer. Jan 85, 9p EPA/600/D-84/299
Prepared in cooperation with National Aeronautics and
Space Administration, Hampton, VA. Langley Re-
search Center and Systems and Applied Sciences
Corp., Hampton, VA.
Observations are presented which substantiate the hy-
pothesis that significant vertical exchange of ozone
and aerosols (and possibly other compounds) occurs
between the mixed layer and the free troposphere
during cumulus cloud convective activity. The experi-
ments conducted in July 1981, utilized the airborne
UV-DIAL (Ultra-Violet Differential Absorption Lidar)
system developed by NASA. This system provides si-
multaneous range resolved ozone concentration and
aerosol back scatter profiles with high spatial resolu-
tion. Data were obtained during the afternoon along 80
mi East to West and South to North intersecting tran-
sects over North Carolina when cumulus clouds were
most active, although nonuniformly distributed.
Evening transects were obtained in the downwind area
where the air mass had been advected. Space-height
analyses for the evening flight show the cloud 'debris'
as patterns of ozone typically in excess of the ambient
free tropospheric background. This ozone excess was
approximately the value of the concentration differ-
ence between the mixed layer and free troposphere
determined from independent vertical soundings made
by another aircraft in the afternoon.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Aerosols, "Transport properties,
"Air pollution, "Aerial surveys, "Cumulus clouds,
Concentration(Composition), Troposphere, Optical
radar, Experimental design, Ventings, Boundary layer
transition, Boundary layer flow.
PB85-144145/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Observational Study of Transport in the Free Tro-
posphere,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
J. K. S. Ching, E. E. Uthe, B. M. Morley, and W. Viezee.
Jan 85,8p EPA/600/D-84/300
Contract EPA-68-02-3791
Anthropogenic pollutants such as acidic precursors,
oxidants and particulates can arrive above a convec-
tive mixed layer by penetrative convective cloud activi-
ty (venting) or by air mass convergence. The develop-
ment of improved long-range transport models will re-
quire consideration of the transport and dispersion
processes in both the mixed and free tropospheric
layers. These processes in the free troposphere are
not adequately documented or understood and are
generally ignored in current trajectory calculation
schemes and source to receptor models. To address
this problem, a technique to track free tropospheric
pollutant transport was recently developed, The feasi-
bility of using airborne lidar to observe the three-di-
mensional distribution of fluorescent dye particle
(FDP) tracers in long-range atmospheric transport and
dispersion studies as a candidate approach has been
successfully demonstrated in field experiments con-
ducted in the North East U.S. during October 1983.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
This approach uses a lidar system to excite non-toxic
fluorescent dye particle (FDP) released into the atmos-
phere, and to monitor the emitted fluorescent light.
When the lidar receiver is spectrally filtered, the fluo-
rescent light can be detected separately from the elas-
tic backscattered signal by background aerosols. On
one occasion, an FDP cloud was released above the
mixing layer, and subsequently tracked over more than
300 km. On another occasion, an initially-released cir-
cular tracer cloud reached an 8-to-1 (16-to-2 km)
length-to width ratio two hours after release, and a 12-
to-1 (30-to-2.5 km) length-to width ratio about four
hours after release.
Keywords: "Transport properties, "Troposphere,
•Mathematical models, "Oxidizers, "Particles, "Acidi-
ty, "Air pollution, Aerosols, Fluorescence, Dispersion,
Tracer studies.
PB85-144152/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Heterotrophic Bacteria in Potable Water: Progress
in Method Options and Monitoring Benefits,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
D. J. Reasoner, and E. E. Geldreich. Jan 85,15p EPA/
600/D-84/296
Measurements of heterotrophic bacteria in potable
water can provide useful information to water plant op-
erators and sanitary engineers. Bacterial density
changes during treatment and quality deterioration
during distribution can be monitored using heterotro-
phic plate count (HPC) methods. Consistent applica-
tion of the HPC method selected will provide baseline
data for assessing bacterial quality changes. Discus-
sion will focus on optimizing the measurement of he-
terotrophic bacteria through choice of procedures,
media and incubation time and temperature.
Keywords: "Bacteria, "Potable water, "Water pollu-
tion, Monitoring, Water treatment, Optimization, Count-
ing methods, Density(Mass/Volume), Temperature.
PB85-144160/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
'Klebsiella' Occurrence, Significance and Detec-
tion in Water Systems: A Progress Report,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
E. E. Geldreich, and E. W. Rice. Jan 85,23p EPA/600/
D-84/297
Frequent occurrence of Klebsiella in coliform coloniza-
tion problems found in water supply distribution has
prompted the development of a new medium (m-Kleb
agar) for specific detection. The medium has excellent
differential characteristics, and an average 94% Kleb-
siella recovery rate when used in the membrane filter
procedure. This media may also be used as a streak
plate to verify Klebsiella occurrence in the MF verifica-
tion procedure or as a supplementary test in the multi-
ple tube confirmation process. A proposed action plan
with two levels of response to coliform occurrences in
public water supplies is discussed.
Keywords: "Coliform bacteria, "Water supply, "Water
distribution, Detection, Distribution systems. Mem-
branes, Filters, Test methods, Agar, Recovery, "Kleb-
siella.
PB85-144343/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Drinking Water Microbiology. NATO/CCMS (Com-
mittee on the Challenges of Modern Society)
Drinking Water Pilot Project Series,
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Socie-
ty, Brussels (Belgium).
D. 0. Cliver, R. A. Newman, R. D. Pickford, and P. S.
Berger. 1984,608p CCMS-128, EPA/570/9-84/006
See also PB-301 313.
This document was prepared by NATO's Committee
on the Challenges of Modern Society to examine all
aspects of drinking water microbiology that have prac-
tical significance to industrialized nations. Over 50 ex-
perts from 11 countries participated in the develop-
ment of this report. Seven principal areas are dis-
cussed: (1) the microbiology of raw water, (2) microbial
pathogens transmitted by water, (3) indicator systems,
(4) testing and standards, (5) processes used in drink-
ing water treatment, (6) distribution systems, and (7)
technological aspects of potable water microbiology.
272 Vol. 90, No. 24
Keywords: "Potable water, "Microbiology, "Water
treatment. Distribution systems, Standards, Ground
water, Microorganisms, Sewage, Soils, Surface water,
Bacteria, Solid wastes.
PB85-144814/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Manufacturing-
Use and Certain End-Use Pesticide Products Con-
taining Diallate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
31 Mar 83,69p EPA/540/RS-83/027
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Standards, "Guidelines, Reg-
ulations, Labels, Marking, Hazardous materials, Ecolo-
gy, Carbamates, Genetics, Agricultural products,
Tables(Data), Regulations, Public health, Manufactur-
ing, "Reregistration, "Toxic substances, "Diallate, Car-
bamic acid/(Dichloroallyl-ester)-diisopropylthio, Fed-
eral Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act.
PB85-145704/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Risk Analysis of TCDD Contaminated Soil. Final
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
J. Schaum. Nov 84, 58p EPA/600/8-84/031
This paper provides a methodology for estimating the
human exposure and cancer risk associated with
2,3,7,8-TCDD contaminated soil. Five exposure path-
ways are addressed: dust inhalation, fish ingestion,
dermal absorption, soil ingestion, and beef/dairy prod-
ucts ingestion. For each pathway, factors describing
contact rate, absorption fraction, and exposure dura-
tion are presented along with the equations for calcu-
lating exposure levels and associated cancer risk. The
methodology features the use of nomographs to pro-
vide quick and approximate estimates of risk. More de-
tailed procedures are also provided for more accurate
estimates.
Keywords: "Soil analysis, "Public health, "Environ-
mental surveys, "Risk, Humans, Exposure, Absorp-
tion, Concentration(Composition), Assessments,
'Dioxin(Herbicides), Path of pollutants, Cancer, Proce-
dures.
PB85-146165	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Male Reproductive Toxicity and Recovery Associ-
ated with Acute Ethoxyethanol Exposure In Rats.
Journal article,
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Coll. of Medicine.
D. J. Oudiz, H. Zenick, R. J. Niewenhuis, and P. M.
McGinnis. C1984,15p EPA/600/J-84/166
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health
13, p763-775 1984.
In the present study, effects of 2-ethoxyethanol (EE)
on semen parameters in male rats were investigated
employing an animal model that allowed assessment
of toxicity and recovery in the same animal. Prior to ex-
posure, 7 day old Long-Evans hooded males were
placed with ovariectomized, hormonally-primed fe-
males on several occasions and their copulatory be-
haviors were monitored and scored. At 100 days of
age, these males were mated with females that were
sacrificed 15 minutes postejaculation. The semen
sample was recovered from the female reproductive
tract and scored for sperm motility, sperm count, and
abnormal sperm morphology. Following this pre-expo-
sure baseline assessment, the males were intubated
with 0, 936,1872, or 2808 mg/kg EE for 5 consecutive
days. The males were mated weekly for the next 14
weeks. Copulatory behaviors were monitored and
ejaculated semen samples analyzed on Weeks 1,4, 7,
10and 14.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Reproductive system, Expo-
sure, Rats, Laboratory animals, Males, Bioassay, Re-
prints, "Ethoxyethanol.
PB85-146173/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Carcinogenic Activity of Acrylamide in the Skin
and Lung of Swiss-ICR Mice. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
R. J. Bull, M. Robinson, and J. A. Stober. 1984, 6p
EPA/600/J-84/165
Pub. in Cancer Letters 24, p209-212 1984.
Doses of acrylamide ranging from 12.5 to 50 mg/kg
were administered orally to female ICR-Swiss mice
over a M, W & F for two weeks (total doses of 75, 150
and 300 mg/kg). Two weeks later some of the animals
were begun on a promotion schedule involving the ap-
plication of 2.5 micrograms TPA/mouse three times
weekly. Development of tumors was observed weekly
in the skin and in the lungs at one year. Acrylamide
was found to initiate squamous cell adenoma and car-
cinomas in the skin and increased the yield of adeno-
mas and carcinomas in the lung. Skin tumor develop-
ment was dependent upon TPA promotion whereas
lung tumor induction was not. These data extend previ-
ous observations of carcinogenic activity of acrylamide
in the skin Senear mice and lungs of strain A/J mice to
a third strain of mouse the ICR-Swiss.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Skin(Anatomy), Mice, Labora-
tory animals, Dosage, Reprints, "Carcinogenesis, "Ac-
rylamide.
PB85-146363/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Toxicity of Mercuric Chloride to the Developing
Rat Kidney. 1. Postnatal Ontogeny of Renal Sensi-
tivity. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
G. P. Daston, R. J. Kavlock, E. H. Rogers, and B.
Carver. 1983,21 p EPA/600/J-83/267
See also PB85-124600. Pub. in Toxicology and Ap-
plied Pharmacology 71, p24-41 1983.
Although the sensitivity of the adult rat kidney to mer-
curic chloride has widely been reported, the degree to
which this toxicant affects the developing kidney is un-
known. Therefore, this study examined the effects of
HgCI2 on renal function during postnatal maturation.
Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with a single sc in-
jection of 5 mg/kg HgCI2 on Day 1, 8, 15, 22, or 29
after birth. The effects on renal function, histology, and
morphology were assessed 24, 48, and 120 hr after
each treatment. Measurements of renal function in-
cluded urine volume, osmolality, the ability to concen-
trate urine during water deprivation, urinary pH, chlo-
ride and protein content, tests for glucosuria, hematu-
ria, and various serum chemistry parameters. Rats
were killed and their kidneys processed and examined
by light microscopy. The renal sensitivity to HgCI2 in-
creased throughout maturation for every parameter
measured. No pups treated with HgCI2 on Day 1 died,
but mortality increased to almost 20% in rats treated
22 and 29 days after birth.
Keywords: "Mercuric chloride, "Toxicology, "Kidney,
Sensitivity, Urogenital system, Rats, Laboratory ani-
mals, Reprints, Fetuses.
PB85-146371/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Occurrence of Viruses In Treated Drinking Water
In the United States. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
E. W. Akin. 1984,15p EPA/600/J-84/161
Pub. in Water Science and Technology, v17 p689-700
1984.
Health concerns regarding waterborne transmission of
enteric viruses began to develop around 1940 in the
United States (U.S.) with the isolation of poliovirus
from human feces and sewage. The implication of
these isolations for the transmission of viral disease
through contaminated drinking water stimulated re-
search on methodology for virus detection, recovery
and assessment from water. Although virus methods
research is still an important area of study, relatively
sensitive procedures became available during the past
decade for recovering many enteric virus types from
large-volume samples of drinking water. Controversy
surrounded many of the early reported isolations of vi-
ruses from treated drinking water using these proce-
dures due to the suspicion of laboratory contamina-
tion.
Keywords: "Viruses, "Potable water, Enteroviruses
Occurrence, Reprints, "Drinking water, "Water pollu-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB85-146389/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Purification of 'Giardia murls' Cysts by a Velocity
Sedimentation. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
J. F. Sauch. 1984,5p EPA/600/J-84/160
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v48
n2 P454-455 Aug 84.
Qiardia muns cysts were separated from fecal con-
taminants in primary isolates using unit gravity velocity
sedimentation. Crude isolates were overlayed onto a
Percoll density gradient, 1.01 g/cu cm to 1.03 a/cu
cm. Giardia muris cysts were well separated From
faster-sedimenting fecal debris and slower-sediment-
ing Spironucleus muris and bacteria in 1.5 hours.
Keywords: 'Cells(Biology), "Separation, 'Microbiolo-
gy, Bacteria, Feces, Contamination, Sedimentation,
Centrifuging, Purification, Reprints, "Giardia muris.
PB85-146397	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Naphthalene Toxicity In CD-1 Mice: General Toxi-
cology and immunotoxlcology. Journal article,
Medical Coll. of Virginia, Richmond. Dept. of Pharma-
cology.
G. M. Shopp, K. L. White, M. P. Holsapple, D. W.
Barnes, and S. S. Duke. C1984,18p EPA/600/J-84/
159
Prepared in cooperation with East Carolina Univ.,
Greenville, NC. School of Medicine.
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 4, p406-
419 1984.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute
and subchronic toxicity, and effects on immune func-
tion, of naphthalene (NAP) in random-bred CD-1 mice.
The acute oral LD50 of this compound was 533 and
710 mg/kg in male and female mice, respectively.
Fourteen- and ninety-day daily oral gavage studies
were conducted. A dose of 1 /2 the LD50 for 14 days
resulted in decreased body weight and decreased
spleen and thymus weight in females and males, re-
spectively. Doses of up to 1 /4 the LDSO for 90 days re-
sulted in no dose related natalities or decreases in
body weight. A dose dependent decrease in aryl hy-
drocarbon hydroxylase was seen. The immunological
parameters assessed (i.e. humoral immunity, cell-me-
diated immunity, lymphocyte responsiveness and
bone marrow function) were not affected in these
subchronic studies.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, Lab-
oratory animals. Exposure, Metabolism, Mutagens, In-
secticides. Dosage. Reprints, "Naphthalene.
PB85-146405/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Leaching and Selected Hydraulic Properties of
Processed Oil Shales. Environmental research brief,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins.
D. B. McWhorter, and V. A. Nazareth. Oct 84,10p
EPA/600/D-84/228
This report describes a column leaching test proce-
dure developed to simulate the leaching of high
volume wastes under semi-arid field conditions. The
report also presents results obtained when retorted oil
shales (Tosco, Paraho, Lurgi) are leached by this pro-
cedure. Selected hydraulic properties are also dis-
cussed for these retorted shales including permeability
and water holding capacity.
Keywords: 'Oil shale, "Hydraulics, "Solid waste dis-
posal, Leaching, Permeability.
PB85-146629/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, OH.
Evaluation of EPA (Environmental Protection
Agency) Method 603 (Modified). Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
S. V. Lucas, T. F. Cole, A. Rlggin, and W. M. Cooke.
Dec 84,76p EPA/600/4-85/001
Contract EPA-68-03-1760
USEPA Method 603 was modified and evaluated with
newly established chromatographic conditions for the
determination of acrolein, acrylonitrile, and acetoni-
trile. Method detection limits (MDLs) for the new chro-
matographic conditions were found to be equivalent to
those previously specified in Method 603 for acrolein
and acrylonitrile (0.7 and 0.5 micrograms/l, respective-
ly). The method detection limit found for acetonitrile in
this work was 2.7 micrograms/l. The method was
found to be accurate and precise for the determination
of all three method parameters. Recoveries and preci-
sions were determined at two spiking levels in each of
three matrices, namely, reagent water, Columbus Pub-
licly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) wastewater,
and industrial wastewater. Acrolein was not stable in
the industrial wastewater even though the water was
buffered at pH 4.5 before spiking. For the other two
matrices, the acrolein recovery ranged from 80 to
104% (average, 94%) and the precisions ranged from
1 to 4% relative standard deviation (RSD) (average,
3% RSD). The loss of acrolein due to apparent chemi-
cal degradation in the industrial wastewater under-
scores the current lack of understanding of the chemi-
cal factors that control the stability of acrolein in aque-
ous systems.
Keywords: "Chromatographic analysis, "Water analy-
sis, Water pollution, Revision, Industrial wastes, Chem-
ical analysis, Gas chromatography, Laboratory equip-
ment, "EPA method 603, "Water pollution detection,
Publicly owned waste water treatment, Purge and trap
method.
PB85-146736	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Toxicity of Chlorine Dioxide in Drinking Water.
Journal article,
New Jersey Medical School, Newark. Dept. of Pharma-
cology.
M. S. Abdel-Rahman, D. Couri, and R. J. Bull. c1984,
10p EPA/600/J-84/175
Grant EPA-R-807473
Prepared in cooperation with Ohio State Univ., Colum-
bus. Coll. of Medicine.
Pub. in Jnl. of the American College of Toxicology, v3
n4p277-284 1984.
Chlorine dioxide (CI02) is currently being considered
as an alternate to chlorine as a disinfectant for public
water supplies. Studies were conducted to determine
the toxicity of CI02 (0, 1, 10, 100, 1000 mg/L) and its
metabolites, CI02(-1) and CI03(-1) (10, 100 mg/L) in
drinking water in rats. After 9 months treatment the os-
motic fragility of the red blood cells was decreased in
all treatment groups, while a decreased blood glutathi-
one was only observed in the metabolite groups. At 2,
4, and 6 months no significant hematologic changes
were noted in treated rats compared to control. How-
ever, after 9 months RBC counts, hematocrit, and he-
moglobin were decreased in all treatment groups.
CI02, CI02(-1), and CI03(-1) administered chronically
in drinking water for 3 months inhibited the incorpora-
tion of (3)H-thymidine into nuclei of rat tests. The treat-
ment with CI compounds decreased rat body weight in
all groups after 10 and 11 months treatment.
Keywords: 'Chlorine oxides, "Toxicity, "Water treat-
ment, Disinfection, Rodents, Blood cells, Liver, Kidney,
Weight(Mass), Intestines, Reprints, "Chlorine dioxide,
"Drinking water.
PB85*146744	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park. NC.
Effect of Exogenous Glutathione, Glutathione Re-
ductase, Chlorine Dioxide, and Chlorite on Osmot-
ic Fragility of Rat Blood In vitro. Journal article,
New Jersey Medical School, Newark. Dept. of Pharma-
cology.
M. S. Abdel-Rahman, D. Couri, and R. J. Bull. c1984,
9p EPA/600/J-84/174
Grant EPA-R-807473
Prepared in cooperation with Ohio State Univ., Colum-
bus. Coll. of Medicine.
Pub. in Jnl. of the American College of Toxicology, v3
n4 p269-275 1984.
Chlorine dioxide (CI02), chlorite (CI02(-1)), and chlo-
rate (CI03(-1)) in drinking water decreased blood glu-
tathione and RBC osmotic fragility in vivo. The osmotic
fragility and glutathione content were also studied in
rat Dlood treated with CI02, CI02(-1), CI03(-1) in vitro.
RBC hemolysis was decreased in rat blood after 30,
60, and 120 minutes by all treatments. The glutathione
content expressed as percentage of controls was de-
creased with incubation time. When CI02 was added
with reduced glutathione (GSH) to the blood, no effect
on hemolysis was observed compared to control or to
GSH alone at 2 hours, but decreased hemolysis was
observed with CI02 treatment alone. Addition of
NADPH alone prevented CI02 and CI02(-1) and
CI03(-1) from exhibiting hemolysis resistance, while
glutathione reductase (GR) and its cofactor (NADPH)
increased hemolysis about 1.5-2 fold. Removing GR
only resulted in increased resistance to hemolysis with
CI02 or Ci02(-1). The formation of disulfide bonds be-
tween sulfhydryl groups in erythrocytic membranes
and hemoglobin, causing precipitation of hemoglobin
(yielding apparent resistance to hemolysis) can ac-
count for the difference between the hemolysis before
and after the addition of GR.
Keywords: "Chlorine dioxide, "Chlorite, "Chlorate,
"Toxicology, In vivo analysis, Rats, Blood, In vitro anal-
ysis, Reprints, Glutathione.
PB85-146751	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Kinetics of Chlorite and Chlorate in the Rat. Jour-
na| grtjcl©
New Jersey Medical School, Newark. Dept. of Pharma-
cology.
M. S. Abdel-Rahman, D. Couri, and R. J. Bull. c1984,
9p EPA/600/J-84/173
Grant EPA-R-807473
Prepared in cooperation with Ohio State Univ., Colum-
bus. Coll. of Medicine.
Pub. in Jnl. of the American College of Toxicology, v3
n4p261-2671984.
Chlorine dioxide (CI02) is under consideration as an
alternative to chlorination as a disinfectant for public
water supplies.
Keywords: "Chlorite, "Chlorate, "Disinfectants, Chlor-
ination, Rats, Laboratory animals, Kinetics, Reprints.
PB85-146769	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Oral Exposure to Trlchloroethylene on
Female Reproductive Function. Journal article,
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Coll. of Medicine.
J. M. Manson, M. Murphy, N. Richdale, and M. K.
Smith. c1984,16p EPA/600/J-84/162
Pub. in Toxicology 32, p229-242 Sep 84.
In the present study, the distribution, metabolism and
reproductive toxicity of trichloroethylene (TCE) admin-
istered by the oral route to female rats were examined.
The distribution study with 14C-TCE indicated that rel-
atively high levels of radioactivity accumulated in the
ovary, adrenal gland and uterus of both pregnant and
nonpregnant female rats, while embryonic tissue did
not appear to preferentially accumulate radioactivity
relative to other maternal organs or maternal blood.
GC analysis of tissues from adult females after 3
weeks of exposure indicated that TCE levels were uni-
formly high in the fat, adrenal gland and ovary, that the
metabolite, trichloroethanol (TCOH) did not accumu-
late to any appreciable extent in reproductive or ster-
oidhormone producing organs, while trichloroacetic
acid (TCA) levels were high in the uterus relative to
other organs known to be major sites of biotransforma-
tion.
Keywords: 'Toxicology. 'Reproduction system, Expo-
sure, Females, Distribution, Metabolism,
Ingestion(Biology), Rats, Bioassay, Laboratory ani-
mals, Reprints, "Ethylene/trichloro.
PB85-146785/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Coliphages as Indicators of Enteroviruses. Journal
article May 81 -May 82,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
R. E. Stetler. 1984,5p EPA/600/J-84/163
Pub. in Jnl. of Applied and Environmental Microbiolo-
gy, v48 n3 p668-670 Sep 84.
Coliphages were monitored in conjunction with indica-
tor bacteria and enteric viruses in a drinking water
plant modified to reduce trihalomethane (THM) pro-
duction. Coliphages could be detected in the source
water by direct innoculation and sufficient coliphages
were detected in enteric virus concentrates to permit
following coliphage levels through different water
treatment processes. Recovery efficiency by different
filter types ranged from 1 % to 53%. Coliphages, de-
tected on E. coli A-19, and enteric viruses were re-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
moved at similar rates by the different treatment proc-
esses. Coliphages were not detected in finished water.
Keywords: "Viruses, 'Enteroviruses, 'Potable water,
Indicator species, Reprints, "Water pollution detection,
Bioindicators, "Coliphages, "Drinking water.
PB85-146801	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Metabolism and DNA Adduct Formation of 2-Ace-
tylaminofluorene by Bladder Explants from
Human, Dog, Monkey, Hamster and Rat. Journal ar-
ticle,
Medical Coll. of Ohio at Toledo.
H. A. J. Schut, F. B. Daniel, K. M. Schenck, T. R. Loeb,
and G. D. Stoner. C1984, 8p EPA/600/J-84/164
Pub. in Carcinogenesis, v5 n10 p1287-1292 1984.
It is concluded that bladder explants of the human,
dog, monkey, hamster, and rat metabolize AAF mainly
to ring-hydroxylated products, but also form small
amounts of the proximate carcinogenic metabolite N-
hydroxy-AAF. Neither the overall binding of AAF to
bladder DNA, nor the formation of specific AAF-DNA
adducts is correlated with the relative susceptibilities
of these five species to aromatic amine-induced uri-
nary bladder carcinogenesis.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Biochemistry,
"Malignant neoplasms, "Toxicology, "Metabolism,
"Deoxyribonucleic acids, "Bladders, "Amines, Labora-
tory animals, Dogs, Monkeys, Rats, Aromatic com-
pounds, Industrial hygiene, Chemical bonds, Reprints,
"Cancer, "Occupational safety and health, Fluorene/
acetyl-amino.
PB85-146819	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Water Quality on Microporous Filter
Methods for Enteric Virus Concentration. Journal
article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Public
Health.
M. D. Sobsey, T. Cromeans, A. R. Hickey, and J. S.
Glass. C1984,17p EPA/600/J-85/001
Grant EPA-R-806677
Pub. in Water Science Technology, v17 p665-679
1985.
Model enteric viruses were concentrated from seeded
samples of raw, finished and granular activated carbon
(GAC)-treated waters and from GAC-treated waters
supplemented with humic or fulvic acid or bentonite
clay particles by adsorption to electropositive (Virosorb
1MDS) filters at pH 7.5 or electronegative (Filterite) fil-
ters at pH 3.5 with and without 5 mM added MgCI2, fol-
lowed by elution with 0.3% beef extract in 50 mM gly-
cine at pH 9.5. Soluble organic compounds reduced
virus adsorption efficiencies from both raw and fin-
ished waters compared to GAC-treated water. Humic
and fulvic acids caused reductions in poliovirus ad-
sorption and recovery efficiencies with both types of
filters. The results suggest that high concentrations of
soluble organic matter and suspended solids may
interfere somewhat with virus recovery by filter adsorp-
tion-elution methods.
Keywords: "Enteroviruses, "Filters, "Adsorption,
"Water quality, Bentonite, Humic acids, pH, Magnesi-
um chloride, Activated carbon treatment, Recovery,
Efficiency, Elution, Organic compounds,
Concentration(Composition), Poiioviruses, Reprints,
"Granular activated carbon treatment, Microporus fil-
ters.
PB85-146827/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Toxicity of Arsenite and Arsenate to the Marine
Macroalga 'Champia parvula' (Rhodophyta). Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
G. B. Thursby, and R. L. Steele. 1984,10p EPA/600/J-
84/181
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v3
p391-397 1984.
By a previously established test procedure that uses
4.5 micromoles phosphate in the medium, the marine
red alga Champia parvula (C. Agardh) Harvey was
shown to be more sensitive to arsenite (As(lll)) than to
arsenate (As(V)). Mature cystocarps (evidence of
sexual reproduction) were formed when plants were
exposed to 65 micrograms As(lll)/L, but not when ex-
posed to 95 micrograms As(lll)/L. Three hundred mi-
crograms As(lll)/L was sufficient to kill C. parvula
Using the standardized test, plants grew just as well in
10,000 micrograms As(V)/L as they did in the controls;
however, sexual reproduction did not occur at this con-
centration. Phosphate concentration up to 9.1 micro-
moles had little or no effect on As(lll) toxicity. Arsenate
toxicity, however, was inversely proportional to the
amount of phosphate in the medium. In the absence of
added phosphate, As(V) toxicity was similiar to that of
As(lll), except plants were still alive at 1,076 micro-
grams As(V)/L (although they did not grow).
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Arsenite, "Arsenate, "Algae,
Reprints, Champia parvula, "Water pollution
effects(Plants).
PB85-146835	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Swept-Potentiai Electrochemical Detector for
Flow Streams. Journal article,
Georgia Inst, of Tech., Atlanta. School of Chemistry.
P. A. Reardon, G. E. O'Brien, and P. E. Sturrock.
C1984,15p EPA/600/J-84/179
Pub. in Analytica Chemica Acta 162, p175-187 Aug 84.
An instrument has been designed, constructed, and
evaluated for electrochemical measurements in flow
streams. The instrument is basically a computer-con-
trolled potentiostat with features that are necessary for
measurements in flow streams. These features include
real-time graphics display, rapid transfer of data to disk
storage, automated compensation for IR drop, and
automated d.c. current offset. The instrument can be
programmed to operate in several modes, but the pri-
mary mode of operation is rapid-sweep square-wave
voltammetry. Programs are available for post-run proc-
essing of the data and display of any desired voltam-
mogram or current vs. time plot. Any alphanumeric or
graphics display can be copied on a dot-matrix printer.
Performance evaluations in unstirred solutions indi-
cate limits of detection of less than 1 X 10 to the -9th
power M in favorable cases. (Copyright (c) Elsevier
Science Publishers B.V. 1984.)
Keywords: "Detectors, "Electrochemistry, "Volt-
meters, * Laboratory equipment, Design criteria, Per-
formance evaluation, Potentiometers(lnstruments),
Solutions, Automation, Reprints, Computer applica-
tions.
PB85-146850/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Toxicity of Trivalent Chromium to Early Life
Stages of Steelhead Trout. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. G. Stevens, and G. A. Chapman. 1984,10p EPA/
600/J-84/178
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v3
p125-133 1984.
Acute and early life stage toxicity tests were conduct-
ed with trivalent chromium and steelhead trout (Salmo
gairdneri). A 96-h LC50 ol 4,400 micrograms/l chromi-
um was obtained with two-month-old juvenile fish.
Early life stage exposure from newly fertilized eggs to
30-d post-swimup produced complete mortality at 495
micrograms/l, and significantly reduced survival to
hatch and to the end of the test at 157 and 89 micro-
grams/l, respectively. An early life stage test started
with eyed eggs produced similar results, with hatching
survival significantly reduced at 271 micrograms/l. An
acute test conducted with fish surviving the early life
stage test showed that no acclimation resulted from
previous chromium exposure.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Chromium, "Trout, Tests, Life
cycles, Exposure, Survival, Mortality, Acclimatization,
Eggs, pH, Reprints, "Salmo gairdneri, Steelhead trout.
PB85-147189/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Determining the Stability of Treated Municipal
Sludges. Final rept.,
Manhattan Coll., Bronx, NY.
J S Jeris, D. Ciarcia, E. Chen, and M. Mena. Jan 85,
205p EPA/600/2-85/001
The objective of this project was to determine the po-
tential for further biological degradation biologically of
municipal sludges which have undergone either little or
major treatment. A literature survey was conducted to
determine the most fruitful approaches, followed by
laboratory scale studies. The literature survey summa-
rizes available information related to the characteris-
tics and various stability parameters of municipal
sludges that have undergone treatment by anaerobic,
aerobic or thermal conditioning processes. The labora-
tory study built upon methods described in the litera-
ture for evaluating stability of sludges. Stability of a va-
riety of received sludges was evaluated by measuring
response to additional aerobic or anaerobic digestion
of long duration, and by cumulative generation of hy-
drogen sulfide. Responses to aerobic digestion of the
as-received sludges were generally similar and
showed substantial reductions in parameters such as
BOD and COD.
Keywords: "Sludge, "Sludge digestion, "Municipali-
ties, Anaerobic processes, Aerobic processes, Ther-
modynamic properties, Stabilization, Hydrogen sulfide,
Biochemical oxygen demand, Evaluation.
PB85-147205/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Measurement of Ventilatory Frequency In Unre-
strained Rodents Using Microwave Radiation.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. J. Gordon, and J. S. Ali. 1984,10p EPA/600/J-84/
176
Pub. in Respiration Physiology 56, p73-79 1984.
A novel technique for remote determination of breath-
ing frequency in unrestrained rodents using microwave
radiation is described. Single mice were placed inside
a rectangular waveguide operating at 2450 MHz. Be-
cause mice efficiently absorb radio frequency energy
at 2450 MHz, any change in their absorption, as occurs
rhythmically with breathing, can be detected by moni-
toring the changes in power transmitted through the
waveguide. When the volume of the mouse increases
during inspiration, transmitted power through the wa-
veguide momentarily decreases - during expiration the
reverse takes place.
Keywords: "Microwaves, "Radiation effects, "Ventila-
tion, Respiration, Laboratory animals, Mice, Reprints.
PB85-147213/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Triethyltin on Autonomic and Behavioral
Thermoregulation of Mice. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. J. Gordon, M. D. Long, and R. S. Dyer. 1984,11p
EPA/600/J-84/177
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 73,
P543-550 1984.
The organotin compound, triethyltin (TET), produces
toxic effects in a variety of physiological systems.
Thermoregulatory control appears to be especially
susceptible to TET toxicity, since TET administration
has been shown to cause a pronounced hypothermia
in rats.
Keywords: "Thermoregulation, "Toxicology, Autonom-
ic system, Behavior, Reprints, "Triethytin.
PB85-147221/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Sampling the Oceans for Pollution: EPA (Environ-
mental Protection Agency) Research Strategy for
Marine Waste Disposal. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
J. C. Prager, V. J. Bierman, D. C. Miller, and J. H.
Gentile. 1984,11p ERLN-630, EPA/600/J-84/180
Pub. in Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials
Report, v4 n5 p1-8 Sep-Oct 84.
This article describes EPA's current approach to the
management of ocean disposal. The physical and bio-
logical characterization of a proposed site is used to
gauge the likelihood of exposure of a marine resource
to a waste of given characteristics. After determination
of the effects of the waste components) on the
resource(s), a 'Hazard Assessment' can be made
Trial applications of this approach are described.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, "Waste disposal,
"Ocean environments, Outfall sewers, Barges, Dump-
ing, Regulations, Hazards, Mathematical models. Dis-
persing, Ocean currents, Assessments, "Ocean waste
disposal, Marine disposal.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB8S-147304/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstration of Pesticide
Products Containing Butylate as the Active Ingre-
dient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Sep 83.101p* EPA/540/RS-83/017
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Standards, 'Guidelines, Ge-
netics. Packaging, Labels, Marking. Hazardous materi-
als, Ecology, Thiocarbamates, Agricultural products,
Manufacturing, Public health, Regulations,
Tables(Data), Toxicology, "Reregistration, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Sutan, Path of pollutants, Federal Insecti-
cide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act.
PB85-147445/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Removal of Heavy Metals Using Aluminum Salts
for Phosphorus Removal. Final rept. Jul 82-Jul 83,
Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, NY.
D. B. Aulenbach, N. L. Clesceri, M. A. Meyer, C.
Vasudevan, and E. Beckwith. Jan 85, 276p EPA/600/
2-85/003
The use of aluminum salts to remove phosphorus is
common practice. It has been shown that aluminum
salts are also capable of removing heavy metals, but
the dosages were much greater than normally applied
for phosphorus removal. This study investigates the
removal of heavy metals in treatment plants which uti-
lize aluminum salts for phosphorus removal. By choos-
ing POTW's which practice phosphorus removal
during the summer only and sampling before and after
the discontinuation of aluminum salt addition, the
effect of aluminum salt precipitation on heavy metal re-
moval was determined. The results show that copper,
chromium, and to some extent, lead removal was en-
hanced by aluminum salt addition. For chromium, it ap-
pears that sodium aluminate addition improved remov-
al but alum addition has no effect. The results confirm
that phosphorus removal is enhanced greatly by the
precipitant addition. Of the other metals evaluated,
aluminum salt addition appeared to have no significant
effect on cadmium and antimony removal, nor did it
affect TOC removal.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Phosphorus, In-
dustrial waste treatment, Metals, Potable water, Water
treatment, 'Heavy metals, "Chemical treatment, 'Pub-
licly owned wastewater treatments, Municipal wastes.
PB8S-147480/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Statistics of Waterborne Outbreaks in the United
States, 1920-80,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
G. F. Craun. Nov 84, 231 p EPA/600/D-84/289
From 1920-1980, 1405 waterborne outbreaks,
386,144 cases of illness, and 1083 deaths were re-
ported in the United States. This report analyzes these
data and discusses the important etiologic agents and
causes of these outbreaks.
Keywords: 'Epidemiology, 'Diseases, 'Water supply,
Statistical data, United States, Typhoid, Salmonella,
Bacillary dysentery, Hepatitis, Gastrointestinal dis-
eases, Etiology, 'Waterborne diseases.
PB65-147478/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Recommended Practices lor On-Llne Measure-
ment of Residual Chlorine In Wastewaters. Rept.
for 1 Oct 78-30 Sep 81,
National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, MD.
Center for Materials Science.
G. Kulin. Jan 85,31p EPA/600/2-85/002
This document provides users with information that as-
sists them in specifying, installing, calibrating, main-
taining and monitoring the subsequent performance of
on-line residual chlorine analyzers in wastewater treat-
ment plants. An on-line residual chlorine analyzer must
have, among other characteristics: capability for con-
tinuous operation; a sampling system that assures a
representative sample with the proper contact time;
range of from 0-1 to 0-10 mg/L of chlorine residual de-
pending upon the application; accuracy and precision
within 3 percent and 1 percent of range, respectively;
response time less than three minutes; and on-site
readout and output capability for transmission to a
controller and/or recorder. Calibrations should be
based on amperometric back titration and should be
performed at frequencies that are based on documen-
tation obtained during startup. Methods for developing
this information and other procedures for measure-
ment assurance are discussed. Recommended main-
tenance guidelines are given.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Chlorine, 'Monitors,
'Water pollution control, Calibrating, Water pollution,
Sampling, Performance evaluation, Maintenance,
Chemical analysis, 'Water pollution detection.
PB85-148344	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Carbon Containing Component of the Los Ange-
les Aerosol: Source Apportionment and Contribu-
tions to the Visibility Budget. Journal article,
California Univ., Los Angeles. School of Engineering
and Applied Science.
S. Pratsinis, T. Novakov, E. C. Ellis, and S. K.
Friedlander. c1984,10p EPA/600/J-84/151
Prepared in cooperation with Southern California
Edison, Rosemead.
Pub. in JAPCA 34, n6 p643-650 1984.
Source resolution of the organic component of the fine
fraction of the ambient aerosol (d(sub p) < 3.5 mi-
crometers) has been carried out by combining source
information from the organic component with thermal
analysis and local emission inventories. The primary
and secondary carbon containing components were
identified using a source fingerprint thermogram. The
primary carbon emitted from automobiles was calcu-
lated using the ambient lead concentration and a
recent estimate of the lead to carbon ratio for this
source. The remaining primary carbon was appor-
tioned to the other sources according to the local
emission inventory. Source apportionment of the sec-
ondary component was performed by scaling the sec-
ondary carbon to a recent emission inventory for reac-
tive organic gases (ROG) neglecting biogenic contribu-
tions and assuming equal potential for aerosol forma-
tion for the various ROG. The method was applied to
data collected at Lennox and Duarte on 10/23/80.
The major source at both sites was automobiles which
were responsible for 68% and 36% of the carbon con-
taining component of the fine aerosol at Lennox and
Duarte, respectively. Industrial sources made a rela-
tively higher contribution at Duarte, 26%, than at
Lennox, 12%. Good correlation was found between
ozone and secondary carbon. However, a weaker cor-
relation was found between sulfates and secondary
carbon. Contributions to the visibility budget by various
chemical species were calculated at Lennox and
Duarte on 10/23/80 using an appropriate regression
model.
Keywords; *Air pollution, "Carbon, 'Aerosols, 'Chemi-
cal analysis, 'Fines, 'Visibility, Organic compounds,
Sources, Concentration(Composition), Ozone,
Lead(Metal), Mathematical models, Sampling, Re-
prints, 'Air pollution sampling, *Air pollution detection,
'Emission inventories, Los Angeles(California).
PB85-148351	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Tunnel Measurement of the PAH (Polycycllc Aro-
matic Hydrocarbon), Carbon Thermogram and
Elemental Source Signature for Vehicular Ex-
haust. Journal article,
California Univ., Los Angeles. School of Engineering
and Applied Science.
S. V. Hering, A. H. Miguel, and R. L. Dod. C1984,9p
EPA/600/J-84/152
Pub. in The Science of the Total Environment 36, p39-
451984.
To obtain a vehicular signature suitable for source ap-
portionment of carbonaceous aerosols, submicron
particulate emissions were sampled from inside the air
duct of a 1.1 km freeway tunnel. Samples were ana-
lyzed for polyaromatic hydrocarbons, elemental com-
position and mass. The carbon and nitrogen compo-
nents were characterized by thermal analysis. Meas-
ured elemental loadings (plus values for oxygen and
hydrogen scaled to the sulfur nitrogen and carbon) are
within 15% of the gravimetrically determined mass.
Black carbon and volatile carbon, as distinguished by
the thermograms, account for 30-38% and 22-29% of
the fine particle mass respectively. Variations in the
traffic pattern between midday and evening rush hour
were used to distinguish diesel and gasoline vehicles.
(Copyright (c) Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. 1984.)
Keywords: 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, 'Ex-
haust emissions, 'Air pollution, Aerosols,
Concentration(Composition), Fines, Chemical analy-
sis, Sources, Sampling, Traffic, Reprints.
PB85-148369/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Seven-Day Life-Cycle Cladoceran Toxicity Test.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
D. I. Mount, and T. J. Norberg. 1984,11 p EPA/600/J-
84/153
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 3,
p425-434 1984.
A three-brood life cycle test for Ceriodaphnia reticu-
lata, using renewal techniques, that can be completed
in 7 d is described. The test is convenient when sam-
ples to be tested are limited in volume or when time is
especially important, such as in on-site effluent testing.
The cladoceran C. reticulata is easily cultured and is
not bothered by handling; control survival in tests has
not been a problem.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Daphnia, Tests, Life cycles,
Availability, Laboratories, Sensitivity, Test methods,
Survival, Reprints, "Daphnia magna.
PB85-148377/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Toxicity of Fenitrothion to Fathead Minnows (Pi-
mephales promelas) and Alternative Exposure
Duration Studies with Fenitrothion and Endosul-
fan. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
C. F. Kleiner, R. L. Anderson, and D. K. Tanner. 1984,
7p EPA/600/J-84/154
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 13, p573-578 1984.
The objectives of this study were to determine the
toxic effects of fenitrothion to fathead minnows (Pime-
phales promelas), to investigate effects of short-term
exposures to fenitrothion and endosulfan on this spe-
cies, and to determine if these compounds caused de-
layed mortality. Fenitrothion significantly reduced sur-
vival of fathead minnows at 0.86 and 0.74 mg/l during
two 14-day embryo-larvae studies.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Insecticides, 'Minnows, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Sulfur organic compounds,
Exposure, Survival, Embryos, Larvae, Growth, Mortali-
ty, Reprints, 'Pimephales promelas, Fathead min-
nows, 'Fenitrothion, Endosulfan.
PB85-148385/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Toxicity of Ammonia to Early Life Stages of the
Green Sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. H. McCormick, S. J. Broderius, and J. T. Fiandt.
1984,18p EPA/600/J-84/155
Pub. in Environmental Pollution, Series A: Ecological
and Biological 36, P147-1631984.
Toxicity of ammonia to early life stages of green sun-
fish Lepomis cyanellus was studied. One chronic and
four acute exposure studies were conducted. During
the chronic study green sunfish were exposed to a
series of ammonia concentrations from the blastula
stage through 40 days post-hatching. During the acute
studies, juvenile green sunfish were exposed at four
pH levels, 6.6,7.2,7.7 and 8.7, to derive 3-, 6-, 12-, 24-,
48-, 72-, and 96-h LC50 and EC50 concentrations of
un-ionized (NH3) and total ammonia (NH3(-N). Pre-
hatching embryological stages were found to be the
most resistant stages studied.
Keywords: 'Ammonia, 'Toxicity, 'Fresh water fishes,
Exposure, Nitrogen organic compounds,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Concentration(Composition), pH, Embryos, Growth,
Reprints, "Lepomis cyanellus, Green sunfish.
PB85-148401	Not available NTIS
Turbulent Diffusion from a Point Source in Strati-
fied and Neutral Flows around a Three-Dimen-
sional Hill. 2. Laboratory Measurements of Sur-
face Concentrations. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
W. H. Snyder, and J. C. R. Hunt, c1984,37p EPA/600/
J-84/158
See also PB80-163058. Prepared in cooperation with
Cambridge Univ. (England). Dept. of Applied Mathe-
matics and Theoretical Physics.
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v18 n10 p1969-
2002 1984.
Towing-tank and wind-tunnel measurements of the
concentration distributions on the surface of a hill
when a plume impinges from an upwind source are
presented. The stability is varied between very stable
and neutral. The results are compared with the theo-
ries developed in Part I. When the source is below the
dividing-streamline height HD, the plumes impact on
the front surface of the hill, yielding surface concentra-
tions nearly the same as would be observed at the
plume centerline in the absence of the hill. However,
eddying in the wake can cause oscillations in the
plume upwind so as to increase the area of impinge-
ment and decrease the average concentration. When
the source is above HD, the plume surmounts the hill
top, but if it is only slightly above HD, maximum surface
concentrations can again essentially equal those that
would be observed at the plume centerline in the ab-
sence of the hill. The maximum surface concentration
decreases very rapidly with further increases in source
height. The location and value of the maximum surface
concentrations are found to be extremely sensitive to
slight displacements of the source from the stagnation
streamline when the source is below HD. The potential
flow models developed in Part I provide reasonable es-
timates of surface concentrations on three-dimension-
al hills.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Turbulent flow, "Mathemati-
cal models, Hills, Plumes, Laboratory equipment,
Concentration(Composition), Wind tunnels, Test
chambers, Reprints, "Atmospheric dispersion, Three-
dimensional calculations, Foreign technology.
PB85-148419/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Methods for Conducting Snail (Aplexa hypnorum)
Embryo through Adult Exposures: Effects of Cad-
mium and Reduced pH Levels. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
G. W. Holcombe, G. L. Phipps, and J. W. Marier. 1984,
10p EPA/600/J-84/157
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 13,p627-634 1984.
Two separate embryo through adult exposures were
conducted with cadmium and with reduced pH levels
to validate various test methodologies and to deter-
mine the feasibility of testing and ease of handling the
freshwater snail (Aplexa hypnorum) in a test system
designed for fish bioassays. Exposure of snails, from
embryos through adult reproductive maturity to cadmi-
um chloride produced delayed hatch, reductions in
percentage hatch and survival, and reduced growth
when compared to a control. Based on these effects,
the maximum acceptable toxicant concentration in
Lake Superior water was between 4.41 and 7.63 mi-
crograms cadmium/I in one test and between 2.50 and
4.79 micrograms cadmium/I in another test. Adult
snails were exposed to determine a 96-hr LC50 of 93
micrograms cadmium/I. Exposure of embryonic, larval
and adult snails to a pH range of 5.00-5.75 caused de-
layed hatching, reduced combined hatchability and
survival, reduced 26-day growth, and a reduction in the
number of egg masses per adult snail.
Keywords: "Cadmium, "Toxicity, "Snails, "Water pollu-
tion, Exposure, Chlorides, pH, Bioassay, Embryos,
Concentration(Composition), Life cycles, Growth, Sur-
vival, Lake Superior, Reprints, "Aplexa hypnorum.
PB85-148427	Not available NTIS
Identification of Polychlorinated Planar Chemicals
In Fishes from Major Watersheds Near the Great
Lakes. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
D W. Kuehl, E. Durhan, B. Butterworth, and D. Linn.
C1984, 6p EPA/600/J-84/156
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Univ.-Superi-
or. Center for Lake Superior Environmental Studies.
Pub. in Environment International, v10 p45-49 1984.
Fish from 18 major watersheds near the Great Lakes
were collected in 1979, 1980, or 1981, and analyzed
by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for poly-
chlorinated planar organic chemical residues. Isomers
of 36 different chemicals were identified by mass spec-
tral data but not quantitated. The list includes isomers
of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans.
(Copyright (c) 1984 Pergamon Press Ltd.)
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Toxicity, "Fishes, "Great
Lakes, "Water analysis. Watersheds, Gas chromatog-
raphy, Mass spectroscopy, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Chemical analysis, Reprints, "Water pollution
effects(Animals), "Water pollution detection, "Poly-
chlorinated dibenzodioxins, "Polychlorinated dibenzo-
furans.
PB85-148682/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Inhalable Particulate Network Report: Operation
and Data Summary (Mass Concentrations Only).
Vol. 1. April 1979-December 1982,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
D. O. Hinton, J. M. Sune, J. C. Suggs, and W. F.
Barnard. Nov 84,211p EPA/600/4-84/088A
See also PB85-148690.
This report is intended to serve as an operations over-
view and data summary covering the operation of the
157 Inhalable Particulate (IP) Network sites within the
United States. Volume I discusses the scope of the
Network and instrumentation utilized in the Network.
Data (mass only) are traced from measurement
through processing and storage to routine reporting.
Quality assurance practices are also given. Data sum-
maries are provided. Volume II is a list of individual
data upon which Volume I is based. Analyses, conclu-
sions, and examples, either listed or indicated by refer-
ence, should provide the reader with both suggested
uses and possible limitations of the data. Chemical
analysis of the collected particulate (sulfate, nitrate,
and selected metals) is part of IP Network objectives
but those data will be the subject of a separate report.
Keywords: "Particles, "Air pollution, Sampling, Design
criteria, Quality assurance, Assessments, Sites, Per-
formance evaluation, "Air pollution sampling, "Inhala-
ble particulate network.
PB85-148690/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Inhalable Particulate Network Report: Data Listing
(Mass Concentrations Only). Vol. 2. April 1979-De-
cember 1982,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
D. O. Hinton, J. M. Sune, J. C. Suggs, and W. F.
Barnard. Nov 84, 457p EPA/600/4-84/088B
See also PB85-148682.
This report is intended to serve as an operations over-
view and data summary covering the operation of the
157 Inhalable Particulate (IP) Network sites within the
United States. Volume I discusses the scope of the
Network and instrumentation utilized in the Network.
Data (mass only) are traced from measurement
through processing and storage to routine reporting.
Quality assurance practices are also given. Data sum-
maries are provided Volume II is a list of individual
data upon which Volume I is based. Analyses, conclu-
sions, and examples, either listed or indicated by refer-
ence, should provide the reader with both suggested
uses and possible limitations of the data. Chemical
analysis of the collected particulate (sulfate, nitrate,
and selected metals) is part of IP Network objectives
but those data will be the subject of a separate report.
Keywords: "Particles, "Air pollution, Sampling,
Tables(Data), Sites, Concentration(Composition), Sul-
fates, Inorganic nitrates, Metals, "Air pollution sam-
pling, "Inhalable particulate network.
PB85-148708/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Land Treatment of Petroleum Refinery Sludges.
Final rept. Apr 80-Jun 83,
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. School of Civil Engineering
and Environmental Science.
L. E. Streebin, J. M. Robertson, H. M. Schornick, P. T.
Bowen, and K. M. Bagawandoss. Nov 84, 333p EPA/
600/2-84/193
Petroleum API Separator sludge was applied to field
plots to evaluate optimization of loading rates and fre-
quencies for waste disposal by land treatment. Load-
ing rates 3 to 13 weight percent and frequencies 1 to
12, respectively, per year were studied over an 18
month period. Total oil losses were proportional to the
amount applied and averaged 54 percent over the
study period. Saturates fraction loss was highest fol-
lowed by aromatics, polars, and asphaltenes. Volatile
losses were substantial at application, but relatively
small over the long-term. Biodegradation of the oil fol-
lowed first order kinetics with a rate coefficient of
0.003/day. Heavy metals were immobile in the top 30
cm zone of incorporation. Facility design factors are
discussed relating to field equipment operation, oil per-
colation prevention, runoff control, and proper tidings.
Keywords: "Petroleum industry, "Sludge disposal,
"Refineries, "Crude oil, "Fuel oil, Solid waste disposal,
Biodeterioration, Sites, Leaching, Industrial wastes,
Soils, "Land disposal, Heavy metals.
PB85-148963/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstration of Pesticide
Products Containing Fensulfothion as the Active
Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
22 Dec 83,105p* EPA/540/RS-83/021
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Standards, "Guidelines, Ge-
netics, Packaging, Labels, Marking, Hazardous materi-
als, Ecology, Agricultural products, Manufacturing.
Public health, Regulations, Tables(Data), "Registra-
tion, "Toxic substances, "Dasanit, Federal Insecticide
Fungicide and Rodenticide Act.
PB85-149011/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstration of Pesticide
Products Containing Llnuron as the Active Ingre-
dient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
29 Jun 84, 110p EPA/540/RS-82/009
This document contains information regarding reregls-
tration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of the data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Standards, 'Guidelines, Ge-
netics, Packaging, Labels, Marking, Hazardous materi-
als, Regulations, Ecology, Toxicology, Manufacturing,
Tables(Data), "Reregistration, "Toxic substances,
"Linuron, Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenti-
cide Act, Path of pollutants.
PB85-149300/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstration of Pesticide
Products Containing Trlchlorfon as the Active In-
redient.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Jun 84,160p EPA/540/RS-84/010
This document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Standards, "Guidelines, Ge-
netics, Packaging, Labels, Marking, Hazardous materi-
als, Phosphonates, Tables(Data), Ecology, Agricultural
products, Manufacturing, Public health, Regulations,
"Reregistration, "Toxic substances, Federal Insecti-
cide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, "Trichlorfon.
PB85-149375/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Stationary Source Compliance Div.
Wat Scrubber Inspection and Evaluation Manual,
Engineering-Science, Inc., Durham, NC.
J. R. Richards, and R. R. Segall. Sep 83,157p EPA/
340/1-83/022
Contract EPA-68-01-6312
This report concerns the inspection and evaluation of
performance of particulate wet scrubbers installed at
stationary sources to indentify and rectify operating
conditions contributing to excessive emissions. It in-
cludes discussions of gas-atomized scrubbers, plate-
type scrubbers, packed tower scrubbers, and spray
tower scrubbers. The evaluation approach proposed
utilizes comparisons of present performance param-
eters and conditions with site-specific performance es-
tablished previously under a controlled set of condi-
tions.
Keywords: *Air pollution control equipment, 'Scrub-
bers, 'Manuals, 'Particles, Inspection, Performance
evaluation, Maintenance, Comparison, Design criteria,
Wet methods.
PB85-150274/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Nationwide Urban Runoff Project, Champaign, Illi-
nois: The Biological Impact of Urban Runoff on
the Saline Branch Drainage Ditch and Boneyard
Creak. Final rept.,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
W. Blake-Coleman. Sep 84, 67p IEPA/WPC/84-028
The Illinois Environmental Protection Agency was one
of a number of agencies which participated in the
United States Environmental Protection Agency's Na-
tionwide Urban Runoff Program (NURP). NURP con-
sisted of 28 projects which evaluated the type and
extent of urban runoff problems, impacts of urban
runoff on receiving waters and the effectiveness of
control practices. The work reported in this document
is the component of the study which assessed the im-
pacts of urban runoff on the receiving stream. The ob-
jective of this study was to evaluate the effects of
urban runoff on the biota of both the urban receiving
stream, Boneyard Creek, and the agricultural stream
into which it flows, the Saline Branch Drainage Ditch.
Fish and macroinvertebrate communities were sam-
pled upstream and downstream from Champaign-
Urbana area. Chlorophyll samples were collected up-
stream and downstream of the urban area.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Runoff, 'Urban areas,
'Boneyard Creek, Environmental impacts, Aquatic bi-
ology, Fishes, Invertebrates, Vegetation, Oxygen, Dis-
solved gases, Aquatic plants, Sensitivity, Trends, pH,
Tables(Data), Illinois, 'Habitats, 'Champaign(lllinois),
'Storm water runoff, Species diversity.
P085-15O332/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Chlorinated
Benzenes. Final Report,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
W. B. Peirano. Jan 85,606p* EPA/600/8-84/015F
The chlorinated benzenes are a group of 12 com-
pounds (monochiorobenzene; 1,2-, 1,3-, 1,4-dichloro-
benzene; 1,2,3-, 1,2,4-, 1,3,5-trtchlorobenzene;
1,2,3,4-, 1,2,3,5-, 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene; pen-
tachlorobenzene; and hexachlorobenzene). 'Environ-
mental contamination results from emissions to air and
water during the manufacture and use of the chlorinat-
ed benzenes and from the disposal of wastes from a
number of processes. These compounds are resistant
to chemical and biological degradation and tend to ac-
cumulate in lipid-containing tissues of animals and
Humans. The ubiquitous environmental distribution of
the chlorinated benzenes and their bioconcentration in
humans are a basis for concern over the conse-
quences of chronic exposure to human health. The
first portion of the health assessment document is de-
voted to the chlorinated benzenes in the environment:
physical and chemical properties, the monitoring of the
chlorinated benzenes in various media, natural and
human-made sources, the transport and distribution of
the chlorinated benzenes within environmental media,
and the levels of exposure. The second part is devoted
to biological responses in laboratory animals and
humans including metabolism, pharmacokinetics, as
well as the toxicological effects of the chlorinated ben-
zenes. This document forms the scientific basis for a
proposed decision by EPA concerning the regulation
of the Chlorinated Benzenes under the Clean Air Act.
Keywords: 'Chlorobenzenes, 'Public health, "Hazard-
ous materials, "Industrial hygiene, Environmental sur-
veys. Exposure, Laboratory animals, Water pollution.
Air pollution, Malignant neoplasms, Toxicology, Regu-
lations, Physical properties, Chemical properties, 'Oc-
cupational safety and health, Cancer, Pharmacokine-
tics, Bioaccumulation.
PB85-150845	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Kinetics of In vivo Sister Chromatid Exchange In-
duction In Mouse Bone Marrow Cells by Alkylating
Agents: Cyclophosphamide. Journal article,
Virginia Commonwealth Univ., Richmond. Dept. of
Pharmacology and Toxicology.
J. L. Charles, D. Jacobson-Kram, J. F. Borzelleca, and
R. A. Carchman. c1983,12p EPA/600/J-83/268
Grant EPA-R-808861
Pub. in Environmental Mutagenesis 5, p825-834 1983.
Administration of cyclophosphamide (5, 10, 20 and 25
mg/kg body weight) to male CD-1 mice 2 hours after
subcutaneous implantation of a 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuri-
dine (BrdU) pellet (55 mg) resulted in a dose-depend-
ent increase in sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in
bone marrow cells. Treatment with cyclophosphamide
(15 mg/kg body weight) at the time of BrdU implanta-
tion and 2, 6.5, and 13 hours post-BrdU implantation
resulted in the induction of approximately 19 SCE/cell
indicating that the bone marrow SCE response was in-
dependent of the time of administration. The time-de-
pendent induction of SCE is qualitatively similar for CP
and MMC both of which are bifunctional alkylating
agents metabolically activated by oxidation and reduc-
tion, respectively, and suggests that these two com-
pound may induce SCE by a similar mechanism.
Keywords: 'In vivo analysis, 'Laboratory animals,
'Bone marrow, 'Blood cells, 'Toxicology, Dosage,
Metabolism, Mice, Deoxyribonucleic acids, Chroma-
tids, Reprints, 'Cyclophosphamide.
PB85-150852/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Data Screening and Calculation Procedures for
the North American Precipitation Chemistry Data
to Be Used In the International Sulfur Deposition
Model Evaluation,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
E. C. Voldner, A. Sirois, and T. L. Clark. Dec 84,17p
EPA/600/D-84/294
Prepared in cooperation with Atmospheric Environ-
ment Service, Downsview (Ontario).
In the International Sulfur Deposition Model Evaluation
seasonal and annual wet sulfur deposition amounts
over eastern North America predicted by twelve
models will be statistically compared with deposition
amounts derived from networks in the same region.
Since the methods for quality control and quality assur-
ance of the precipitation chemistry data and procedure
for computing wet deposition amounts are not always
in agreement between the networks, it was necessary
to adopt unified procedures for screening/correcting
the data and computing deposition amounts. A
scheme was also developed for estimating the uncer-
tainties in the wet deposition amounts. The procedures
for computing wet deposition amounts and estimating
the associated uncertainties are described and results
from five networks in eastern North America are given.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models,
'Sulfur, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Sulfates, Transport proper-
ties, Concentration(Compositlon), Sites, 'Wet deposi-
tion, 'Air pollution sampling, Numerical solution.
PB85-150860/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Studies on the Tumor Initiating, Tumor Promoting,
and Tumor Co-Initiating Properties of Respiratory
Carcinogens,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. Nesnow, L. L. Triplett, and T. J. Slaga. Dec 84,26p*
EPA/600/D-84/290
Prepared in cooperation with Oak Ridge National Lab.,
TN.
Coke oven emissions, roofing tar emissions, and ciga-
rette smoke represent three diverse human respiratory
carcinogens for which good epidemiological informa-
tion is available. Although the carcinogenic effects of
these emissions in experimental animals have been
established, the tumor promoting and cocarcinogenic
effects have been less well studied, especially those of
coke oven and roofing tar emissions. The tumor pro-
moting effects of a coke oven sample and a roofing tar
emission sample were investigated by using SENCAR
mouse skin as the experimental test system. The coke
oven sample was approximately 12 times as active as
the roofing tar sample as a tumor promoter in mouse
skin initiated with benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P). Cocarcino-
genesis was studied in SENCAR mice by using the
tumor co-initiation protocol. Mice initiated with B(a)P
and pyrene and subsequently promoted weekly with
12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) pro-
duced more papillomas than mice initiated with B(a)P
and promoted with TPA. A roofing tar sample and ciga-
rette smoke condensate each produced synergistic ef-
fects with B(a)P on TPA-promoted SENCAR mouse
skin, and an organic extract of diesel particulate emis-
sions and B(a)P had attenuative effects. These results
are discussed in light of chemical fractionation and
chemical identification of some of the components of
the samples.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, "Respiration, Air pollution. Hy-
drocarbons, Coking, Roofing, Diesel engines, Tetrade-
canoic acid/(acetyloxy)-decahydro-dihydroxy-(hydrox-
ymethyl)-tetramethyl-oxo-cyclopropabenzazulenyl-
ester, "Carcinogenesis, Skin neoplasms, Benzopyr-
enes, Cigarette smoking, Mice, Experimental data,
CAS 16561-29-8, TPA.
PB85-150878/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Criteria for Fresh Recreational
Waters,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
A. P. Dufour. Aug 84,45p EPA/600/1-84/004
Errata sheet inserted.
A criterion for the quality of the bathing water, based
upon swimming-associated gastrointestinal illness,
was developed from data obtained during a multi-year
freshwater epidemiological-microbiological research
program conducted at bathing beaches near Erie,
Pennsylvania and Tulsa, Oklahoma. Three bacterial in-
dicators of fecal pollution were used to measure the
water quality, E. coli, enterococci and fecal conforms.
A good correlation was observed between swimming-
associated gastrointestinal symptoms and either E.
coli or enterococci densities in the water. Fecal con-
form densities showed little or no correlation to gastro-
intestinal illness rates in swimmers.
Keywords: 'Beaches, 'Water pollution, 'Recreational
facilities, Water quality, Swimming, Epidemiology, Gas-
trointestinal diseases, Feces, Escherchia coli,
Density(Mass/volume), Indicator species, Fresh
water, Comparison, Public health.
PB85-151140/HSU	PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Economic Analysis Div.
Benefits of Regulating Hazardous Waste Dispos-
al: Land Values as an Estimator.
Public Interest Economics Center, Washington, DC.
May 82,383p-in 3v
Set includes PB85-151157 through PB85-151173.
No abstract available.
PB85-151157/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Economic Analysis Div.
Benefits of Regulating Hazardoua Waste Dispos-
al: Land Values as an Estimator. Volume 1. Final
rept.,
Public Interest Economics Center, Washington, DC.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
K. J. Adler, R. C. Anderson, Z. L. Cook, R. C. Dower,
and A. R. Ferguson. May 82, 272p EPA/230/03-85/
002
Contracts EPA-68-01-5838, EPA-68-01-6543
See also PB85-151165.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB85-
151140.
Conceptual and empirical examination of whether the
social costs imposed by hazardous waste sites are re-
flected in property values. A hedonic analysis is used,
to account for other characteristics of houses that
affect their values. After screening many sites, data
are collected and analyzed for two of them. For the An-
dover site, where contamination was detected in on-
site wells but not in wells outside the site boundaries,
there was no evidence of an effect on property values.
For Pleasant Plains, where contaminated wells had to
be closed, there was some indication of expected rent
gradient. Further analysis is reported in Volume II.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Regulation, 'Envi-
ronmental surveys, Land surveys, Risk, Sites, Water
pollution, Wells, "Land disposal.
PB85-151165/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Economic Analysis Div.
Benefits of Regulating Hazardous Waste Dispos-
al: Land Values as an Estimator. Volume 2. Final
rept.,
Public Interest Economics Center, Washington, DC.
Z. L. Cook, A. R. Ferguson, K. J. Adler, and M. J.
Vickers. Jun 84,92p EPA/230/03-85/003
Contracts EPA-68-01-5838, EPA-68-01-6543
See also PB85-151157, and PB85-151173.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB85-
151140.
Conceptual and empirical examination of whether the
social costs imposed by hazardous waste sites are re-
flected in property values. A hedonic analysis is used,
to account for other characteristics of houses that
affect their values. Additional data are collected and
analyzed for the Pleasant Plains site, which caused the
rent gradient tentatively identified in Phase I to disap-
pear. An attempt to identify a hazardous waste site
with air pollution and property value data amenable to
analysis was unsuccessful. The results of the analysis
fail to show that this property values approach can be
used to estimate the damages from (or the benefits
from more stringent regulation of) hazardous waste
disposal.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Regulations, 'Envi-
ronmental surveys, Land surveys, Sites, Risks, 'Land
disposal, Pleasant Plains.
PB85-151173/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Economic Analysis Div.
Benefits of Regulating Hazardous Waste Dispos-
al: Land Values as an Estimator. Executive Sum-
mary. Final rept.,
Public Interest Economics Center, Washington, DC.
Z. L. Cook, A. R. Ferguson, K. J. Adler, and M. J.
Vickers. Jun 84,19p EPA/230/03-85/004
Contracts EPA-68-01-5838, EPA-68-01-6543
SeealsoPB85-15H65.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB85-
151140.
Summary of two phase conceptual and empirical ex-
amination of whether the social costs imposed by haz-
ardous waste sites are reflected in residential property
values. A hedonic analysis is used to account for other
housing characteristics that affect property values. In
Phase I, two sites were studied in detail, with some evi-
dence of a rent gradient for one site (Pleasant Plains)
but not for the other. In Phase I, more data were col-
lected and analyzed for the Pleasant Plains site, which
caused the apparent rent gradient to disappear. An un-
successful attempt was made to locate a third hazard-
ous waste site with air pollution and adequate property
values data. The study fails to show that this property
values approach is useful for estimating the damages
from (or the benefits from more stringent regulation of)
hazardous waste disposal.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Regulations, "Envi-
ronmental surveys, Risk, Sites, Land surveys, Air pollu-
tion, 'Land disposal, Pleasant Plains.
278 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB85-151199/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Occurrence of 'Giardia' In Connecticut Water Sup-
plies and Watershed Animals. Summary rept.,
Connecticut Dept. of Health Services, Hartford.
H. Adams, and A. Bruce. Jan 85, 64p EPA/600/1 -85/
002
Contract EPA-68-03-2687
The main objective of this research was to study the
occurrence of Giardia in selected water supplies and
watershed animals in Connecticut. Water samples
were collected monthly using the E.P.A. approved
Giardia sampling method at selected water utilities and
analyzed for Giardia cysts. With every Giardia sample
collected, samples were tested for: total coliform, fecal
coliform, standard plate count, yeast, turbidity, and pH.
Fecal specimens were collected then analyzed from
beaver, deer, squirrel, muskrat and raccoon if these
animals were found on the watershed. Attempts to cor-
relate the presence of Giardia cysts with the collected
water quality data were not successful. Six out of 413
animal fecal samples were found to be positive for
Giardia from samples collected on the reservoir water-
shed. Collection of fecal samples from trapped ani-
mals yielded a slightly higher percent positivity than
fecal samples collected from live animal droppings.
Keywords: 'Water supply, 'Water pollution, Sampling,
Watersheds, Feces, Cysts, Deer, Squirrels, Mammals,
Coliform bacteria, Yeasts, Turbidity, pH, Tests, Con-
necticut, 'Giardia.
PB85-151207/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Asbestos Sampling Plan for the San Francisco
Bay Area, California. Final rept. 31 Apr 80-30 Jun
81,
California Univ., Berkeley. Dept. of Biomedical and En-
vironmental Health Sciences.
C.J. Leong, and M. E. Tarter. Jan 85, 77p EPA/600/1-
84/003
This research project was initiated to facilitate the use
of waterborne asbestos data for a possible case-con-
trol epidemiological study of ingested asbestos in five
Bay Area counties near San Francisco, California. For
each county, and each census tract within the area, in-
formation about historical water supply and distribu-
tion, water treatment practices, and asbestos levels
has been compiled. It was determined that none of the
major water districts servicing the San Francisco Bay
Area are free of asbestos fibers. Individual asbestos
measurements range in value from less than 10,000
fibers per liter to 1.8 x 10 to the 8th power fibers/liter of
finished water. It was determined that a sampling pro-
tocol to augment the current asbestos data base
should include sampling the largest flows of water and
should take into consideration: variation within the dis-
tribution system, possible seasonal variation, the
drought of 1976-1978, and the historical waterborne
asbestos levels.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Water pollution, California,
Sampling, Concentration(Composition), Water supply,
'Water pollution sampling, San Francisco(California).
PB85-151256/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
National Air Audit System FY (Fiscal Year) 1984
National Report. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Dec 84,119p EPA/450/2-84/009
The National Air Audit System, which was jointly devel-
oped by EPA and representatives of State and focal air
pollution control agencies, was implemented for the
first time in FY 1984. The system audited air pollution
control activities in 68 State and local agencies in the
areas of air quality planning and State implementation
plan activity, new source review, compliance assur-
ance, and air monitoring. The goals of the audit system
are to identify obstacles that are preventing State and
local agencies from implementing effective air quality
management programs and to provide EPA with quan-
titative information for use in defining more effective
and meaningful national programs. The report for FY
1984 indicated that, for the most part. State and local
agencies have sound programs in each of the four au-
dited areas. Areas of possible improvement were
found, however, which will be the focus of various re-
medial activities.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Audits, State gov-
ernment, Reviews, "Air quality, "National air audit
system.
PB85-151280/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Tall Fescue Response and Soil Properties Follow-
ing Soil Amendment with Tannery Wastes. Journal
article,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Agricultural Experiment
Station.
A. L. Stromberg, D. D. Hemphill, V. V. Volk, and C.
Wickliff. 1984, 7p TP-7022, EPA/600/J-84/172
Contract EPA-68-03-3039
Pub. in Agronomy Jnl., v76 p719-723 Sep/Oct 84.
Field plots were established in 1978 and 1979 on a
Willamette sil in western Oregon to evaluate the ef-
fects of chrome tannery wastes on tall fescue (Festuca
arundinacea) and soil properties. Three rates of waste
material were applied each year; N. Ca, Mo, Cu, Cr,
Mn, and Zn in soils and plants were analyzed to relate
plant elemental concentrations and yield to elemental
application and availability. Soil and fescue Cu. Zn,
and Mg concentrations varied only slightly with waste
application in either year. Yields increased with waste
treatment up to 3 years after application. With the ex-
ception of stand establishment problems, no detrimen-
tal effects of tannery waste on tall fescue were noted
in 3 years of study.
Keywords: "Soil properties, 'Forage grasses, Tanning
materials, Waste disposal, Copper, Zinc, Magnesium,
Concentration(Composition), Chromium, Waste treat-
ment, pH, Yield, Damage, Weight(Mass), Reprints,
"Festuca arundinacea, Tall fescue grasses. Soil
amendments.
PB85-151298/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparison of Collection Procedures for the
Reinfection Ion Chromatography of Water. Journal
article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
T. B. Hoover, and G. D. Yager. 1984, 5p EPA/600/J-
84/171
Pub. in Jnl. of Chromatographic Science, v22 p435-
437 Oct 84.
Four collection protocols for the heart-cutting proce-
dure in ion chromatography were compared statistical-
ly to determine the best method for use in the analysis
of trace ions in water. In the comparison, the protocols
were applied in the analysis of 0.1 to 0.4-ppm AS(V)
added to a municipal drinking water. Best precision
was found when the collection was based on detector
response rather than time and when collection includ-
ed up to half of the next following major peak (S04(-
Keywords: 'Trace elements, "Water analysis, 'Pota-
ble water, Comparison, Chemical analysis, Reprints,
'Ion chromatography, 'Water pollution detection, Pro-
cedures.
PB85-151306	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Aliphatic Halogenated Hydrocarbons Produce
Volatile 'Salmonella' Mutagens. Journal article,
Cincinnati Univ. Medical Center, OH.
L. M. Distlerath, J. C. Loper, and C. R. Dey. c1984,11 p
EPA/600/J-84/168
Grant EPA-R-808603
Pub. in Mutation Research 136, p55-64 1984.
Production of volatile mutagenic metabolites from 5
halogenated promutagens was examined by a simple
modification of the conventional Salmonella/micro-
some mutagenicity assay. This method incorporates
the taping together of 2 agar plates face to face during
the initial portion of their incubation at 37C. By varying
the contents of the soft agar in each of the two plates
with respect to promutagen. S9 and tester strain cells,
mutagenesis due to volatile promutagens and their
metabolites could be quantitated separately. Using the
taped plate assay, volatile mutagenic metabolites were
detected from the promutagens 3-(2-chloroethoxy).
1,2-dichloropropene, the herbicides diallate, triailate
and sulfallate, and the flame-retardant tris-(2.3-dibro-
mopropyl) phosphate (Tris-BP). All compounds except
Tris-BP were also found to be volatile promutagens
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
the activity of these compounds observed in the stand-
ard assay. Moreover, our studies suggest that a small,
but appreciable percentage of the mutagenic metabo-
lites from all 5 compounds escaped detection in the
conventional, untaped assay. Mutagenic activity of the
volatile mutagenic metabolites from diallate was
quenched by various Salmonella tester strains inde-
pendent of their responsiveness to diallate mutagene-
sis. Detection of volatile mutagen formation from dial-
late was also prevented by cysteine and glutathionine,
but not by DNA or metyrapone. This taped plate
method for the Salmonella assay should facilitate
future investigations of the detection, isolation and
identification of volatile mutagenic metabolites from
other promutagenic compounds or mixtures.
Keywords: "Halogen organic compounds, "Mutagens,
"Bioassay, "Salmonella, "Environmental surveys,
Bacteria, Herbicides, Fire resistant coatings, Toxicity,
Reprints, "Volatile organic compounds, Propene/
(chloroethoxy)-dichloro, Phosphoric acid/tris(dibromo-
(propyl-ester)).
PB85-151314	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Serological Responses among Teenagers after
Natural Exposure to Norwalk Virus. Journal article,
Massachusetts Univ. Medical School, Worcester.
R. C. Baron, H. B. Greenberg, G. Cukor, and N. R.
Blacklow. C1984, 6p EPA/600/J-84/167
Pub. in Jnl. of Infectious Diseases 150, n4 p531-534
Oct 84.
Twenty-one teenagers who were exposed to the
common source during an outbreak of gastroenteritis
were tested for seroconversion to the Norwalk virus.
Serum pairs were collected within 72 hours of expo-
sure and four weeks later. Each of the 11 subjects who
developed symptoms and five persons who remained
well demonstrated a whole serum antibody response,
while five non-ill subjects failed to seroconvert. The ab-
sence of detectable antibody in the acute-phase
serum specimens was not statistically associated with
subsequent seroconversion or susceptibility to illness.
These findings underscore the view that immunity to
this agent is not determined by serum antibody and
support the concept that susceptibility may be deter-
mined by Norwalk-specific intestinal receptor sites.
Keywords: "Serology, "Viruses, Youths, Immunity,
Antibodies, Infectious diseases, Reprints, Norwalk
virus.
PB85-152106/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Current Remedial Action Program In Support of
Superfund,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
N. B. Schomaker, and D. E. Sanning. Dec 84,27p
EPA/600/D-84/293
The Land Pollution Control Division (LPCD); Hazard-
ous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory
(HWERL) has the responsibility for the control devel-
opment program in support of 'Superfund.1 The LPCD
research and development program has been orga-
nized to correspond with the 'Superfund' legislation,
i.e., the Releases Control Branch deals with removal
actions (emergencies), and the Containment Branch
deals with remedial actions. The program is one of
technology development and assessment to deter-
mine cost and effectiveness, adaptation of technol-
ogies to the uncontrolled waste site problem, field
evaluation of technologies that show promise, devel-
opment of guidance material for the EPA Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response (OERR), techni-
cal assistance to OERR, and EPA Regional Offices.
The remedial action program is divided into four major
areas of activity: (1) Survey and Assessment of Cur-
rent Technologies, (2) Laboratory and Site Design
Analysis, (3) Field Evaluation and Verification of Tech-
niques and (4) Technical Handbooks. An overview of
the removal and remedial program is presented.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Regulations, Tech-
nology, Sites, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
Assessments, 'Superfund program, "Landdisposal.
PB85-152387/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Investigation of the Metabolism of Chlorinated
Hydrocarbons in Subhuman Species. Final rept.
Nov 75-Aug 78,
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Coll. of Medicine.
C.	C. Smith, S. T. Cragg, G. F. Wolfe, and W. W.
Weigel. Jan 85,134p* EPA/600/1-85/001
Grant EPA-R-803963
The purpose of this research program was to provide
metabolic data on four rather common drinking water
contaminants. The compounds were 1,2,4-trichloro-
benzene (TCB), bromodichloromethane (BDC), bis(2-
chloroisopropyl) ether (BCIE) and bis(2-chloroethyl)
ether (BCEE). The compounds, labeled with 14C, were
administered orally and sometimes intravenously, to
rats and rhesus monkeys. Studies on TCB included ex-
cretion and tissue distribution in rats, pharmacokinetic
studies in monkeys and subchronic studies in mon-
keys. Daily oral doses of 174 mg/kg were uniformly
fatal to monkeys in less than one month. Activity of
liver enzymes was increased. Pharmacokinetics and
tissue distribution of BDC was examined in rats and
monkeys. The compound was excreted primarily via
the lung either unchanged or as C02. BCIE in mon-
keys was also excreted via the lung and was very toxic
to the eyes and kidneys following multiple 30 mg/kg
oral doses. Preliminary studies of BCEE in two rhesus
monkeys produced the same signs of periorbital toxici-
ty as BCIE when oral doses of 10 mg/kg were adminis-
tered.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Metabolism, "Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, "Research projects, Toxicity, Labo-
ratory animals, Dosage, Benzene/trichloro, Methane/
bromo-dichloro, Ether/bis(chloroisopropyl), Ether/
bis(chloroethyl), Pharmacokinetics.
PB85-1S2486/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Application of a Hazard Assessment Research
Strategy to the Ocean Disposal of a Dredged Ma-
terial: Monitoring Component,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
D.	K. Phelps, K. J. Scott, B. H. Reynolds, J. S. Rosen,
and J. L. Lake. Dec 84, 56p EPA/600/D-84/287
The monitoring component of the Field Verification
Program (FVP) ultimately provides a 'real world' test
for assessing the rest of the project. It is a research
effort, as are the other components of this program.
The objective is to evaluate the hazard assessment
strategy and to recommend the application of monitor-
ing tools in several other specific areas: (1) linkage of
measurements and responses between laboratory and
field; (2) permit applications; (3) compliance monitor-
ing. To reach these objectives, traditional tools, such
as benthic community analysis, are being compared to
more recently developed approaches, such as the
REMOTS interface camera.
Keywords: "Dredging, "Hazards, "Solid waste dispos-
al, Assessments, Licenses, Laboratories, Tests,
Benthos, Populations, Experimental design, Mussels,
Substrates, Morphology, Sonar, Bathymetry, Monitor-
ing, Ecology, Dredge spoil, Bioaccumulation.
PB8S-152650/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Trace Level Pesticides
from Process Streams. Final rept. Jun 82-Apr 83,
S-Cubed, La Jolla, CA.
G. V. Hiler, and S. D. Cameron. Dec 84,121 p EPA/
600/2-84/195
Contract EPA-68-02-3629
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The report describes the further resolution of the feasi-
bility of a process (liquid-liquid extraction for the treat-
ment of pesticide manufacturing wastewater) that had
been shown by earlier research to be competitive with
existing methods of treatment. Eight experiments were
conducted using the Solvent Extraction of Organic
Pesticides (SEXOP) process to treat process effluent
samples of 2,4-D and bromacil. Process modifications
designed to optimize the SEXOP system for treating
these effluents were developed and tested. Gas chro-
matography was used to compare treated effluent with
the untreated starting material. Pesticide extraction ef-
ficiencies were calculated: results show that pesticide
removal in excess of 98% is attainable during initial op-
eration, and 70% on a steady-state basis for a single-
pass system for both samples tested. Staging of ex-
traction units and increased solvent/water ratios
would be expected to optimize steady-state efficien-
cies above 90%. An economic analysis, projecting en-
gineering cost estimates for both a large and a small
commercial-scale SEXOP process, shows that a pro-
jected large SEXOP plant should be able to process
301 million gal./yr of effluent at an estimated cost of
about $2 per 1,000 gal.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Solvent extraction, "Trace
elements, "Water pollution control, Feasibility, Per-
formance evaluation, Manufacturing, Industrial waste
treatment, Cost analysis, Extraction, "SEXOP process,
Stationary sources.
PB85-152783/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Survey of Safety Related Additives for Methanol
Fuel. Final rept. 18 Jul 83-18 Feb 84,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
E. R. Fanick, and L. R. Smith. Nov 84,66p* EPA/460/
3-84/016
Contract EPA-68-03-3162
This report describes the effort to determine what ad-
ditives may be feasible for use with 100% methanol
motor vehicle fuel to increase the safety associated
with the use of methanol as a motor vehicle fuel. A
survey of the literature was conducted to determine
candidate additives that would (1) ensure methanol
burns with a visible flame, (2) prevent improper use of
the fuel as a degreaser or cleaning agent, (3) give the
fuel an unpleasant taste causing expectoration of any
methanol accidentally in one's mouth, and (4) act as
an emetic. Candidate additives were evaluated as to
effectiveness, cost, ease of production, health prob-
lems associated with the additive, and estimated ef-
fects on vehicle performance.
Keywords: "Fuel additives, "Methyl alcohol, Surveys,
Safety, Feasibility, Cost analysis, Performance evalua-
tion, Public health, Air pollution, "Alternate fuels.
?
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Water pollution, "Chemical compounds,
"Mathematical models, Computer programs, Expo-
sure, Concentration(Composition), Surface water,
"Path of pollutants, "Toxic substances, 'User
manuals(Computer programs).
PB85-152973/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Particulate Emissions and Control In Fluidized-
Bed Combustion: Modeling and Parametric Per-
formance. Final rept.,
Westinghouse Research and Development Center,
Pittsburgh, PA.
A. Y. Ranadive, R. A. Newby, and D. F. Ciliberti. Jan
85, 147p EPA/600/7-85/002
Contract EPA-68-02-3110
The report discusses a model, developed to describe
the physical characteristics of the particulates emitted
from fluidized-bed combustion (FBC) systems and to
evaluate data on FBC particulate control systems. The
model, which describes the particulate emissions pro-
file from FBC, considers the attrition of the bed materi-
al and the recycling of the elutriated fines in addition to
other FBC phenomena. For a given combustor design
and set of operating conditions, the particle profile pro-
gram projects the mass rate and size distribution of the
solids in the bed draw-off and carry-over streams, as
well as those emitted from particle removal devices of
any given configuration. Examples of particulate emis-
sion and control are given for both atmospheric-pres-
sure and pressurized FBC systems. The effect of calci-
um-to-sulfur ratio, rate of sorbent attrition, superficial
gas velocity, and recycle cyclone efficiency was exam-
ined by using the model. A manual for the particle pro-
files program comprising a quick-reference user's sec-
tion, as well as a more detailed descriptive section, is
provided in the full report.
Keywords: 'Fluidized bed processing, "Particles, 'Air
pollution control equipment, 'Mathematical models,
Performance evaluation, Physical properties, Combus-
tion products, Industrial wastes, Dust, Graphs(Charts).
PB85-153088/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Experimental Development of the Master Analyti-
cal Scheme for Organic Compounds in Water:
Part 2. Appendices. Final rept. Sep 78-Jul 83,
Research triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
E. D. Peliizzari, L. S. Sheldon, J. T. Bursey, W.
Hargrove, and L. C. Michael. Jan 85, 780p EPA/600/
4-84/007B
Contract EPA-68-03-2704
The Master Analytical Scheme (MAS) for Organic
Compounds in Water provides for analysis of purgea-
ble and extractable, as well as neutral and ionic-water-
soluble, organics in surface and drinking water and in
leachates and various effluents. This report describes
experiments in the development of the scheme; the
MAS protocols are presented in Master Analytical
Scheme for Organic Compounds in Water, and the
state-of-the-art in the analytical methodology is re-
viewed through December 1981 in Literature Review
for the Development of the Master Analytical Scheme
for Organic Compounds in Water. The protocols report
stands alone as the handbook for implementation. As
part of the experimental development, existing tech-
niques were compared to identify optimal methods for
recovery of each class of organic compound in water,
the applicability of new techniques was investigated,
and questions necessary to the development of the
scheme were answered. In addition, the viability of the
analytical protocol was tested by applying it to a variety
of water types and chemical compounds. The MAS
was designed to permit application of all protocols or
just those for particular organic groups of interest. Re-
coveries were obtained for about 260 model com-
pounds of a wide variety of chemical classes and phys-
ical properties dosed into representative samples of
several types of water.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, *Gas chromatography,
•Water pollution, Chemical analysis, Organic com-
pounds, Surface waters, Potable water. Samples,
Physical properties, Leaching, "Volatile organic com-
pounds, "Water pollution detection.
PB85-153096/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Experimental Development of the Master Analyti-
cal Scheme for Organic Compounds in Water:
Part 1. Text. Final rept. Sep 78-Jul 83,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
E. D. Peliizzari, L. S. Sheldon, J. T. Bursey, W.
Hargrove, and L. C. Michael. Jan 85,826p EPA/600/
4-85/007A
Contract EPA-68-03-2704
The Master Analytical Scheme (MAS) for Organic
Compounds in Water provides for analysis of purgea-
ble and extractable, as well as neutral and ionic-water-
soluble, organics in surface and drinking water and in
leachates and various effluents. This report describes
experiments in the development of the scheme; the
MAS protocols are presented in Master Analytical
Scheme for Organic Compounds in Water, and the
state-ot-the-art in the analytical methodology is re-
viewed through December 1981 in Literature Review
for the Development of the Master Analytical Scheme
for Organic Compounds in Water. The protocols report
stands alone as the handbook for implementation. As
part of the experimental development, existing tech-
niques were compared to identify optimal methods for
recovery of each class of organic compound in water,
the applicability of new techniques was investigated,
and questions necessary to the development of the
scheme were answered. In addition, the viability of the
analytical protocol was tested by applying it to a variety
of water types and chemical compounds. The MAS
was designed to permit application of all protocols or
just those for particular organic groups of interest. Re-
coveries were obtained for about 260 model com-
pounds of a wide variety of chemical classes and phys-
ical properties dosed into representative samples of
several types of water.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, "Water pollution, "Gas
chromatography, Organic compounds, Surface
waters, Potable water, Physical properties, Chemical
analysis, Samples, Leaching, "Water pollution detec-
tion, "Volatile organic compounds, State of the art.
PB85-15351B/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of UV Radiation on Plants in the Transi-
tion Region to Blue Light,
Utah State Univ., Logan.
M. M. Caldwell. Jan 85,22p EPA/600/D-85/001
Grant EPA-R-808167
Generalizations concerning the effects of UV radiation
on plants are easy targets of criticism and certainly
subject to considerable qualification. This review gen-
eralizes rather than presents a detailed compilation of
available literature. Wavebands within the UV spec-
trum have been defined as UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C. Ad-
ditionally, the terms near-UV (300-400 nm) and far-UV
(200-300 nm) are often used. This synopsis empha-
sizes near-UV and concentrates on the UV-A wave-
band and its transitions to the blue and UV-B wave-
bands. Action spectra are used as a vehicle for pres-
entation and generalization of UV effects on plants.
The behavior of solar radiation is incorporated.
Keywords: "Ultraviolet radiation, *Plants(Botany),
"Reviews, Photosynthesis, Ultraviolet spectra, Ad-
sorption, Epidermis, Interactions, Protection, Chloro-
phylls, Irradiance, Algae, Damage, Blue waveband,
Chromophores, Brassica oleracea.
PB85-153526/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Electrophysiological Detection of Sublethal Neu-
rotoxic Effects in Intact Earthworms,
Iowa State Univ., Ames.
C. D. Drewes, E. P. Vining, and C. A. Callahan. Jan 85,
28p EPA/600/D-85/002
The nervous system of earthworms is a logical site for
studying the deleterious effects of many toxic sub-
stances because neural functions are often more sen-
sitive to disruption than other physiological processes.
However, the sublethal effects of toxicants on neural
and behavioral functions may be subtle and their de-
tection and quantification may require use of relatively
sophisticated electrophysiological testing methods.
These methods permit assessment of the sublethal ef-
fects of various toxicants on nervous system function
and motor activity in a wide variety of earthworm spe-
cies of all ages.
Keywords: "Worms, "Toxicity, Nervous system, Detec-
tion, Sensitivity, Electrophysiolic recording, Test meth-
ods, Neurology, Assessments, Exposure, Pesticides,
Pollution, Damage, Behavior, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Phosphorus organic compounds, "Earth-
worms, Motor functions.
PB85-153534/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Size Distributions of Elemental Carbon in Atmos-
pheric Aerosols,
California Univ., Los Angeles. School of Engineering
and Applied Science.
A. H. Miguel, and S. K. Friedlander. Jan 85, 9p EPA/
600/D-85/003
Grant EPA-R-810455
Prepared in cooperation with Pontificia Univ. Catolica
do Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).
Environmental problems caused by atmospheric aero-
sols are well documented in the specialized literature.
Studies reporting on the role of dense clouds of soil
particles in past mass extinctions of life on Earth and,
more recently (Turco et al., 1983), on calculations of
potential global effects of dust and aerosol clouds
(generated in a nuclear war) have received the atten-
tion of the public through oral and written reports by
the news media. Because of the importance played by
particulate elemental carbon (PEC) on climatic impact,
a study was conducted on the size distribution of PEC
in samples collected: (i) in an urban area, (ii) inside the
air duct of an urban tunnel, and (iii) next to the take-off
runway of a busy airport. Besides providing needed
data to improve the precision of calculations of poten-
tial local and global environmental effects, the PEC
size distributions reported in this study help under-
stand the mechanism of association of PEC and poly-
cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a class of organ-
ic compounds that include several mutagens.
Keywords: "Particle size distribution, "Carbon, "Aero-
sols, "Air pollution, Urban areas, Aromatic polycyclic
hydrocarbons, Exhaust emissions, Airports, Climatic
changes.
PB8S-153542/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Receptor Modeling for Carbonaceous Aerosols:
Source Characterization,
California Univ., Los Angeles. School of Engineering
and Applied Science.
S. V. Hering, A. H. Miguel, R. L. Dod, and J. M. Daisey.
Jan 85,8p EPA/600/D-85/004
Grant EPA-R-810455
Prepared in cooperation with Pontificia Univ. Catolica
do Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), California Univ., Berkeley.
Lawrence Berkeley Lab., and New York Univ. Medical
Center, NY.
Two types of sources, freeway vehicles and a com-
mercial airport, were sampled with the objective of de-
termining source profiles suitable for receptor model-
ing of carbonaceous aerosols. A threefold approach is
used: (1) measurement of polycyclic aromatic hydro-
carbons (PAH) concentrations, (2) bulk characteriza-
tion of the carbon component by thermal analysis and
(3) determination of elemental composition by X-ray
fluorescence. Additionally the relative stability of the
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons upon exposure to fil-
tered urban air was evaluated. Data were collected at
a receptor site, which by virtue of its location is expect-
ed to be impacted by these two source types.
Keywords: "Mathematical models, "Exhaust emis-
sions, "Aerosols, "Airports, "Freeways, "Air pollution,
Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, X ray fluorescence,
Thermal analysis, Sites, Urban areas, Exposure, Air
pollution detection, Air pollution sampling.
PB85-153559/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Capital and O and M Cost Relationships for Haz-
ardous Waste Incineration: Addendum No. 1 - ion-
izing Wet Scrubber Costs. Rept. for 1 Dec 83-1 Jun
84,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
R. McCormick, and H. Lips. Jan 85, 21 p EPA/600/2-
85/004
Contract EPA-68-02-3176
See also PB85-121119.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
This report addresses certain cost aspects ot hazard-
ous waste incineration; specifically capital and operat-
ing costs for ionizing wet scrubbers (IWS). It is an ad-
dendum to a more comprehensive report 'Capital and
O&M Cost Relationships for Hazardous Waste Inciner-
ation,' which developed parametric methods for esti-
mating capital and annual costs for incinerators as a
function of waste characteristics and quantities, facility
capacity, type and location. The earlier study assumed
that particulate/HC1 emissions were controlled using
a venturi scrubber/packed bed absorber systems. This
study includes a IWS systems as a design alternative.
Keywords: "Cost analysis, "Hazardous wastes, "Solid
waste disposal, Incinerators, Operating costs, Design
criteria, Maintenance, Temperature, Boilers, Oper-
ations, California, Field tests, Venturi tubes, Scrubbers,
"Ionizing wet scrubbers.
PBB5-153567/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Computer Use in Research for Data Analysis,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
B. W. Lykins, S. Campbell, and J. C. Ireland. Dec 84,
18p EPA/600/D-84/286
Data reported in various ways from several large field-
scale research projects have been successfully incor-
porated into a structured format. This format is now re-
quired for all new projects that produce data in a ma-
chine-readable form. The database structure is gener-
al enough in design to accommodate a wide variety of
project data scenarios. Remote entry of data from a re-
search site (Thornton, Colorado) directly into the main-
frame at NCC has been in progress for several
months. The data handling system is user-friendly and
versatile. Data reduction on hundreds of thousands of
records can be accomplished efficiently. These
records can be analyzed, summarized, and reported in
a matter of hours. Canned programs and command
procedures allow the user to create, examine, update,
modify, subset, superset, and plot or print all or a por-
tion of the records contained within the main database.
Modifications of the canned programs to accommo-
date special or unique situations can be accomplished
with little effort.
Keywords: Potable water, Data reduction, "Data base
management systems, "Data analysis, "Activated
carbon treatment, Drinking water, Research programs,
Computer applications. Canned programs, Computer
software.
PB85-153575/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Engineering and Operating Approaches for Con-
trolling Asbestos Fibers In Drinking Water. Journal
articie
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
G. S. Logsdon. 1983,12p EPA/600/J-83/269
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v53 p169-
1761983.
Techniques are available to minimize the concentra-
tion of asbestos fibers in drinking water. Granular
media filtration can remove over 99% of the asbestos
fibers found in source waters when the raw water is co-
agulated properly and effluent turbidity is 0.10 ntu or
lower. Asbestos cement pipes can be protected by
modifying low pH, low alkalinity waters so they are not
aggressive; by coating the pipe wall with a chemical
precipitate; or by applying a cement mortar lining to the
pipe wall. Modification of distribution system practices
related to main flushing and pipe tapping can also
reduce the fiber count in tap water.
Keywords: "Filtration, "Asbestos, "Fibers, "Water pol-
lution	control,	Potable	water,
Concentration(Composition), Granular materials, Tur-
bidity, pH, Alkalinity, Concrete pipes, Asbestos cement
products, Coatings, Flushing, Reprints, "Drinking
water.
PB8S-153583	Not available NTIS
Spectral Scales In the Atmospheric Boundary
Layer. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
A. H. Weber, J. S. Irwin, W. B. Petersen, J. J. Mathis,
and J. P. Kahler. C1982,15p EPA/600/J-82/081
Prepared in cooperations with Du Pont de Nemours (E.
I.) and Co., Aiken, SC.. National Aeronautics and
Space Administration, Hampton, VA. Langley Re-
search Center, and Air Weather Service, Scott AFB, IL.
Pub. in Jnl. of Applied Meteorology 21, n11 p1622-
1632 Nov 82.
Wind measurements from the Savannah River Labora-
tory - WJBF TV tower in Beech Island, South Carolina
were used to compute turbulence parameters which
were then compared with similarity theory predictions
summarized by Hanna (1981). The parameters com-
puted were sigma(sub u), sigma(sub v), sigma(sub w)
and spectral scales lambda(sub m) and l(sub E). Tur-
bulent heat flux and temperature gradient measure-
ments were used to help compute L and w(sub *). Re-
sults of the comparison between measurement and
theory are mixed. Good correlation between measure-
ment and theory are obtained for the nondimensional
parameters sigma(sub u)/w(sub *) and sigma(sub v)/
w(sub *) in unstable condition. The computed Eulerlan
length scales also agree well with predictions for the
unstable boundary layer. The results for neutral condi-
tions also show poor agreement of nondimensiona-
lized sigma's but reasonably good agreement of the
nondimensionalized time scales with predictions.
Keywords: "Atmospheric circulation, "Boundry layer
stability, "Air pollution, Turbulent flow,
Wind(Meteorology), Terrain, Reprints, "Spectral
scales, "Atmospheric dispersion.
PB85-153906/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Review of National Emission Standards for Mer-
cury.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Dec 84,72p EPA/450/3-84/014
This report presents the findings of the 5-year review
of the national emission standards for mercury. Indus-
tries subject to the existing standard are mercury-cell
chlor-alkali plants, sludge drying and incineration
plants, and mercury ore processing facilities. Informa-
tion and estimates are presented concerning process-
es, mercury emissions, control technology, compli-
ance status, and industry growth. Information is pre-
sented about other industry source categories which
have mercury air emissions, but are not regulated by
the standards.
Keywords: "Mercury(Metal), "Standards, "Air pollution
control, Reviews, Electric batteries, Industrial wastes,
Incinerators, Regulations, Sources, Chemical industry,
"Air pollution abatement, Ore treatment.
PB85-154367/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Master Analytical Scheme for Organic Com-
pounds in Water: Part 1. Protocols. Final rept. Sep
78-Jul 83,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
E. D. Pellizzari, L. S. Sheldon, J. T. Bursey, L. C.
Michael, and R. A. Zweidinger. Jan 85,355p EPA/
600/4-84/010A
Contract EPA-68-03-2704
A Master Analytical Scheme (MAS) has been devel-
oped for the analysis of volatile (gas chromatographa-
ble) organic compounds in water. In developing the
MAS, it was necessary to evaluate and modify existing
analysis procedures and develop new techniques to
produce protocols that provide for the comprehensive
qualitative-quantitative analysis of almost all volatile
organics in many types of water. The MAS provides for
analysis of purgeable and extractable, as well as neu-
tral and ionic water soluble, organics in surface and
drinking waters and in leachates and various effluents.
Nominal lower quantifiable limits range from 0.1 micro-
grams/1 to 100 micrograms/l, depending on chemical/
physical class of the analyte and complexity of the
aqueous matrix. Recoveries are reported for about 280
model compounds of a wide variety of chemical class-
es and physical properties dosed into representative
samples of several major types of water.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, "Gas chromatography,
"Water pollution, Chemical analysis, Organic com-
pounds, Surface waters, Potable water, Samples,
Physical properties, Leaching, "Volatile organic com-
pounds, "Water pollution detection.
PB85-155695/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Cost Digest: Cost Summaries of Selected Envi-
ronmental Control Technologies. Rept. for Jan 81-
Jun 82,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
G. DeWolf, P. Murin, J. Jarvis, and M. Kelly. Oct 84,
107p RAD-82-203-001-47-03, EPA/600/8-84/010
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
The report summarizes cost data on over 20 environ-
mental control technologies. The cost parameters pre-
sented include total capital investment, net annual op-
erating expenses, and unit annualized costs. These
cost estimates are given over an appropriate range of
system capacities for six technologies in drinking water
treatment (e.g., granular activated carbon), eight tech-
nologies in wastewater treatment (e.g., conventional
secondary and advanced), four particulate matter con-
trol technologies (e.g., fabric filters), and six flue gas
desulfurization technologies (e.g., lime/limestone
scrubbing). For each technology, the report contains a
short narrative summary, a block flow diagram with
battery limits noted around the modules included in the
cost estimate, design specifications, performance
characteristics, and a discussion of major factors af-
fecting cost. All costs are given in March 1980 dollars.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Cost analysis,
Operating costs, Water pollution control. Water treat-
ment, Potable water, Sewage treatment, Flue gases.
Aerosols, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, "Pollution
control, Flue gas desulfurization.
PB85-155877/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Detection and Identification of 'Qlardia' Cysts
Using Immunofluorescence and Phase Contrast
Microscopy,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
J. A. Sauch. Jan 85,13p EPA/600/D-85/020
Detection and identification of Giardia cysts in water
samples has been improved by the development of an
immunofluorescent method that specifically stains
Giardia cysts bright green and allows their easy detec-
tion against a black background. The report discusses
aspects of the method-reagents and instrumentation-
that must be considered and optimized by anyone
wanting to adopt this technique for the detection of
Giardia cysts.
Keywords: "Cysts, Disease vectors, Surface waters,
Water pollution, Monitoring, Agents, Instruments,
"Giardiasis, "Fluorescent antibody technic, Waterborn
diseases.
PB85-155927/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Survey of Ethylene Dichloride Emission Sources.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Dec 84,153p EPA/450/3-84/018
The potential health impact of nationwide ethylene di-
chloride emissions is being investigated. This docu-
ment contains information on the sources of ethylene
dichloride emissions, current emission levels, control
methods that could be used to reduce ethylene dichlo-
ride emissions, and cost estimates for employing con-
trols.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Surveys, Regula-
tions, Sources, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Chlorine organic compounds, Chemical industry,
Drug industry, Storage tanks, Dry cleaning, "Ethane/
dichloro, Volatile organic compounds, Clean Air Act,
Fugitive emissions.
PB85-f56115/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Evaluation and Selection of Models for Estimating
Air Emissions from Hazardous Waste Treatment,
Storage, and Disposal Facilities,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCATechnology Div.
M. Breton, T. Nunno, P. Spawn, W. Farino, and R.
Mclnnes. Dec 84,171 p EPA/450/3-84-020
Contract EPA-68-02-3168
Mathematical models describing the release rate of
volatile air emissions from hazardous waste treatment,
storage, and disposal facilities were compiled and re-
viewed. Mathematical modeling techniques which pre-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
diet volatile air emissions release rates from landfills,
landfarms, surface impoundments, storage tanks,
wastewater treatment processes, and drum handling
and storage facilities were assessed. Existing field test
validation efforts were also reviewed. The purpose of
this report is to provide a source of current information
available on this subject area. A guidance manual of
practice will ultimately be prepared to assist regulatory
engineers and others in applying the recommended
models. Since many new papers in this area are con-
tinually being published, this selection of modeling
techniques may be considered present state-of-the-art
as of spring 1983. Field validation scheduled to be
conducted in 1983 and 1984 under EPA and private di-
rectives should provide additional information regard-
ing model precision.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Mathematical
models, "Air pollution control, Earth fills, Water pollu-
tion control. Storage tanks, Field tests, "Volatile organ-
ic compounds, Land disposal. Impoundments, State of
the art.
PB85-156180/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of At-Sea Disposal of FQC (Flue Gas
Cleaning) Wastes. Volume 1. Biological Testing
and Studies with Untreated Wastes. Final rept. on
Phase 3 May 77-Oct 83,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
C. B. Cooper, R. R. Lunt, I. Bodek, and C. J
Santhanam. Dec 84,166p EPA/600/7-85/001A
Contract EPA-68-03-2334
See also Volume 2, PB85-156198, and PB-269 270.
This two-part report is the third of a series on a con-
tinuing EPA research program on the feasibility of dis-
posing of flue gas cleaning (FGC) wastes in the ocean.
Part 1 gives results of laboratory-scale chemical and
biological experiments with untreated (unstabilized)
FGC wastes designed to provide basic data on envi-
ronmental impact potential. Part 2 gives results of fur-
ther chemical and biological tests with a forced-oxida-
tion (sulfate-rich) FGC waste and with stabilized FGC
wastes. Results of tests performed to date and related
assessment efforts indicate that the conventional
(concentrated-dump) at-sea disposal of unstabilized
FGC wastes with soil-like properties on the Continental
Shelf appears to be environmentally undesirable,
unless contradicted by further work. Test results also
indicate that at-sea dispersed disposal of sulfate-rich
(and, possibly, sulfite-rich) soil-like FGC wastes is suffi-
ciently promising to merit further research. Likewise,
results of this and other programs indicate that con-
ventional or concentrated disposal of brick-like stabi-
lized FGC wastes is also promising.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Air pollution con-
trol, "Sludge disposal, "Toxicity, "Bioassay, Flue
gases, Assessments, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Sulfates, Exposures, Sediments, Trace ele-
ments, "Ocean waste disposal, "Biological processes.
PB85-156198/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of At-Sea Disposal of FGC (Flue Gas
Cleaning) Wastes. Volume 2. Biological Testing
and Studies with Stabilized Wastes. Final rept. on
Phase 3 May 77-Oct 83,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
C B. Cooper, I. Bodek, and C. J. Santhanam. Dec 84,
90p EPA/600/7-85/001 B
Contract EPA-68-03-2334
See also Volume 1, PB85-156180.
This two-part report is the third of a series on a con-
tinuing EPA research program on the feasibility of dis-
posing of flue gas cleaning (FGC) wastes in the ocean.
Part 1 gives results of laboratory-scale chemical and
biological experiments with untreated (unstablized)
FGC wastes designed to provide basic data on envi-
ronmental impact potential. Part 2 gives results of fur-
ther chemical and biological tests with a forced-oxida-
tion (sulfate-rich) FGC waste and with stabilized FGC
wastes. Results of tests performed to date and related
assessment efforts indicate that the conventional
(concentrated-dump) at-sea disposal of unstabilized
FGC wastes with soil-like properties on the Continental
Shalf appears to be environmentally undesirable,
unless contradicted by further work. Test results ajso
indicate that at-sea dispersed disposal of sulfate-rich
(and, possibly, sulfit-rich) soil-like FGC wastes is suffi-
282 Vol. 90, No. 24
ciently promising to merit further research. Likewise,
results of this and other programs indicate that conve-
tional or concentrated disposal of brick-like stabilized
FGC wastes is also promising.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Air pollution con-
trol, "Sludge disposal, "Toxicity, "Bioassay, Flue
gases, Assessments, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Sulfates, Metals, Water pollution, Expo-
sures, Sediments, Trace elements, Stability, "Ocean
waste disposal, "Biological processes, Path of pollut-
ants.
PB85-156248/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Auto-Oxidation Potential of Raw and Retorted Oil
Shale. Summary rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. A. Green. Sep 84,163p EPA/600/2-84/153
Contract EPA-68-02-3170-73
This paper discusses an EPA sponsored study to
assess the potential environmental impacts of lea-
chates from raw mined western oil shales. The study
was undertaken as a cooperative effort of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Colorado State University,
Rio Blanco Oil Shale Company, Cathedral Bluffs Shale
Oil Company, and the Oil Shale Project Office of the
Bureau of Land Management. This paper presents the
results of three years evaluation of the quantity and
chemical characterization of leachates generated from
onsite field collectors along with laboratory shale tests
on raw mined oil shales from the C-a and C-b Federal
lease tracts in western Colorado. The findings are indi-
cators of the levels of common and trace species that
can be expected to occur in field generated raw shale
leachates.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, "Leaching, "Oil
shale, Assessments, Oxidation, Quality assurance,
Sampling, Heat measurement, Laboratory equipment,
Tables(Data), Retorting, Chemical analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Thermogravimetric anal-
ysis, Specific heat.
PB85-156271/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Evaluation of Rural Air Quality Simulation Models.
Appendix G. Statistical Tables for PPSP (Power
Plant Siting Program),
TRC Environmental Consultants, Inc., East Hartford,
CT.
R. Londergan, D. Minott, D. Wackter, T. Kincaid, and
D. Bonitata. Oct 82, 36p EPA/450/4-83/003
Contract EPA-68-02-3514
See also PB83-182758.
This report summarizes the results of a comprehen-
sive evaluation of 'rural' point source air quality simula-
tion models using routinely collected data around the
Clifty Creek power plant. The report contains numer-
ous tabulations of each model's performance in terms
of statistical measures of performance recommended
by the American Meteorological Society. The purpose
of the report is two-fold. First, it serves to document for
the models considered, and similar models, their rela-
tive performance. Second, it provides the basis for a
peer scientific review of the models. To stay within the
spirit of this latter purpose, the report is limited to a fac-
tual presentation of information and performance sta-
tistics. No attempt is made to interpret the statistics or
to provide direction to the reader, lest reviewers might
be biased.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Mathematical models,
"Electric power plants, Rural areas, Performance eval-
uation, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition), Sulfur di-
oxide, "Air quality, CRSTER model, Point sources.
PB85-156446/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines, New Source Performance Standards
and Pretreatment Standards for the Inorganic
Chemicals Manufacturing Point Source Category,
Phase 2. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
T Fielding. Aug 84,607p* EPA/440/1-84/007
See also PB82-265612. Prepared in cooperation with
Frontier Technical Associates, Inc., Buffalo, NY.
The Development Document describes the technical
rationale for the development of regulations limiting
discharges of pollutants into navigable waters and into
publicly owned treatment works by existing and poten-
tial new sources that manufacture certain inorganic
chemicals. The technological basis for effluent limita-
tions guidelines based on 'best practable technology',
'best available technology', 'best conventional tech-
nology', and new source performance standards and
pretreatment standards for new and existing sources
are described in detail.
Keywords: "Inorganic compounds, "Guidelines,
"Standards, "Water pollution, "Chemical industry, In-
dustrial waste treatment, Regulations, Water pollution
control, Sources, Solid waste disposal, Cost analysis,
Air pollution control, Scrubbers, Publicly owned
wastewater treatment, Point sources, New source per-
formance standards, Best technology, Toxic sub-
stances.
PB85-156495/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Study of Turbulent Energy over Complex Terrain:
State, 1978. Journal article,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Boulder, CO. Office of Weather Research and Modifi-
cation.
B. R. Bean, and T. P. Repoff. 1983,10p EPA/600/J-
83/270
Pub. in Boundary-Layer Meteorology 25, p17-23, Jan-
Mar 83.
The complex structure of the earth's surface influ-
enced atmospheric parameters pertinent to modeling
the diffusion process during the 1978 'STATE' field
study. The Information Theory approach of statistics
proved useful for analyzing the complex structures ob-
served in the radiometric surface temperature signals
as measured from an aircraft. Results show that re-
gardless of their complexities, these temperature proc-
esses are well approximated as Gaussian processes.
Turbulent kinetic energy analyzed as a function of
these processes is shown to increase as the surface
temperature signals become more complex. The
nature of these variations is examined for six different
catagories of agricultural land as defined by percent
cultivation and percent forestation.
Keywords: "Terrain models, "Atmospheric models,
"Turbulent diffusion, "Air pollution, Industrial wastes.
Combustion products, Field tests, Atmospheric diffu-
sion, Mathematical models, Transport properties.
Electric power plants, Agricultural engineering, Re-
prints, "Coal fired power plants, "Sulfur transport and
transformation, Gaussian plume models.
PB85-158503	Not available NTIS
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Lidar Observations of Mixed Layer Dynamics:
Tests of Parameterized Entralnment Models of
Mixed Layer Growth Rate. Journal article,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Dept. of Meteorology.
R. Boers, E. W. Eloranta, and R. L. Coulter. C1984,23p
EPA/600/J-84/186
Prepared in cooperation with Argonne National Lab.,
IL.
Pub. in Jnl. of Climate and Applied Meteorology, v23
n2 p247-266 Feb 84.
Lidar measurements of the atmospheric boundary
layer height, the entrainment zone, wind speed and di-
rection, ancillary temperature profiles and surface flux
data were used to test current parameterized entrain-
ment models of mixed layer growth rate. Six case stud-
ies under clear air convective conditions over flat ter-
rain in Central Illinois are presented. It is shown that
surface heating alone accounts for a major portion of
the rise of the mixed layer on all days. All entrainment
models underpredict the mixed layer height. It is sug-
gested that this is partly caused by shear-driven en-
trainment at the top of the mixed layer, which is not
properly parameterized. Development of small cumu-
lus clouds on top of the layer is shown to be important
in the afternoon growth phase. (Copyright (c) 1984
American Meteorological Society.)
Keywords: "Atmospheric motion, "Optical radar
Mixing, Remote sensing, Aerosols, Convection, Math-
ematical models, Height, Cumulus clouds, Depth, Wind
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Heat flux, Data acquisition, Reprints, "Atmospheric
boundary layer, Tracer studies.
PB85-156537/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Drinking Water Source and Risk of Bladder
Cancer: A Case-Control Study,
National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD.
K. P. Cantor, R. Hoover, P. Hartge, T. J. Mason, and D.
T. Silverman. Jan 85,17p* EPA/600/D-85/007
A water source component was included in a large
population based case-control interview study of artifi-
cial sweetners. Relative risk from using chlorinated
surface water sources is not elevated in the exposed
groups, and there is no suggestion of a duration-re-
sponse relationship, but an increasing risk of bladder
cancer with duration of exposure to chlorinated sur-
face water is observed among persons otherwise at
lowest risk and is consistent across the sexes. Geo-
graphical differences in bladder cancer risk patterns
suggest the possibility of water contaminants in agri-
cultural areas of ground water contaminants in New
Jersey.
Keywords: "Chlorination, Surface waters, Populations,
Time, Responses, New Jersey, Water pollution, 'Blad-
der neoplasm, 'Sweetening agents, "Drinking water,
Health risk, Geographical areas, Case studies.
PB85-1S6792/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Automated Closed Loop Control of Ozone Disin-
fection Using Flow-Paced Off-Gas Measurement,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
A. D. Venosa, W. W. Schuk, and H. L. Sparks. Jan 85,
12p EPA/600/D-85/005
Ozone disinfection is an environmentally attractive al-
ternative to chlorine because of the lack of a toxic re-
sidual, its excellent virucidal properties, and its re-
duced potential to form hazardous constituents in the
treated effluent. It is, however, energy and capital in-
tensive relative to chlorination, and for this reason it
has not been widely accepted yet in the U. S. municipal
market. Any method that would reduce the operating
cost of ozonation would accelerate its acceptance in
that market. In this paper the authors report an auto-
mated control strategy that, when implemented at
treatment plants with a daily average flow greater than
8000 cu m/d, will result in a substantial savings in the
electrical cost of production. The method consists of a
flow proportional signal and an ozone concentration
signal that combine to control the feed gas flow to and
the power setting of the ozone generator according to
fluctuations in liquid flow and ozone demand. The con-
centration signal is measured in and transmitted from
the off-gas from the ozone contractor. They present an
annualized cost comparison of this approach with ex-
isting strategies in use today and report a savings of
$7,000 to $15,000 per year lor a hypothetical treat-
ment plant with a daily average flow of 23,700 cu m/
day.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Disinfection,
"Ozonation, Environmental impacts, Cost analysis,
Operating costs. Comparison, Automation, "Closed
cycle systems.
PB85-156800/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
CETIS: Complex Effluents Toxicity Information
System. Data Encoding Guidelines and Proce-
dures,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. L. Crane, A. Pilli, and R. C. Russo. Nov 84,67p EPA/
600/8-84/029
Prepared in cooperation with Computer Sciences
Corp., Falls Church, VA, and Montana State Univ.,
Bozeman.
The computerized Complex Effluent Toxicity Informa-
tion System (CETIS) data base includes data extracted
from aquatic bioassay reprints as well as facility and
receiving water information. Data references are ob-
tained from both published papers and from unpub-
lished results of tests conducted by state or regional
environmental offices. Procedures for extracting and
recording data based on the CETIS data element
guidelines are discussed in detail.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Information systems, "Guide-
lines, "Water pollution, Industrial wastes,
Tables(Data), Sources, Procedures.
PB85-156818/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Water Chlorination: Crossroad of Uncertainties
and Decisions,
Environmental Research Lab.. Gulf Breeze, FL.
W. P. Davis, and M. H. Roberts. Jan 85,8p EPA/600/
D-85/027
Prepared in cooperation with Virginia Inst, of Marine
Science, Gloucester Point.
This overview introduces proceedings of the Fifth
Water Chlorination Conference convened to review
technical reports on all aspects of the use of chlorina-
tion, its by-products and environmental effects. Au-
thors raise the following issues: (1) the need to better
detect, analyze, and track carcinogenic and mutagenic
by-products; (2) the need to be able to moderate if not
minimize chlorination to rates that are realistic for high-
use waters and to be able to calculate and analyze
what realistic means; (3) the need to assess and to an-
ticipate the potential to produce chlorine resistant
pathogens; and (4) the need to examine disinfectant
alternatives, especially for municipal and industrial
treatment, to minimize or prevent formation of toxic by-
products in the chlorination-reactors of treatment
plants.
Keywords: "Chlorination, "Water treatment, "Meet-
ings, Detection, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Water analy-
sis, Disinfectants, Municipalities, Disease vectors, Tox-
icity, Byproducts, Industrial waste treatment, Microor-
ganisms, Tolerances(Physiology).
PB85-156826	Not available NTIS
Analysis of the Spectra of Genetic Activity Pro-
duced by Known or Suspected Human Carcino-
gens. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
N. E. Garrett, H. F. Stack, M. R. Gross, and M. D.
Waters. C1984, 25p* EPA/600/J-84/195
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in Mutation Research 134, p89-111 1984.
For 24 agents classified by the International Agency
for Research on Cancer as known or suspected
human carcinogens, we previously catalogued the
qualitative genetic bioassay data available in the litera-
ture. In the present analysis, dose information, where
available, was added to this data base: either the
lowest effective dose (LED) or the highest ineffective
dose (HID) was recorded for each agent and bioassay
system. Bioassay systems were organized according
to classes of genetic activity and subdivided by the
phylogenetic level of the test organism. For each com-
pound, the quantiative results in the test systems were
represented by computer-generated bar graphs ('ge-
netic activity spectra'). The x-axis unit values corre-
sponded to the 100 different systems, and the y-axis
values were the logarithmically transformed LED or
HID values. Statistical methods and pattern-recogni-
tion techniques were used to evaluate the genetic ac-
tivity spectra. Spectra were compared among agents
grouped according to target-organ specificity. In addi-
tion, the spectra of all possible pairs of compounds
were compared to identify compounds displaying
qualitatively or quantitatively similar genetic activity.
Chemically similar compounds frequently produced
similar spectra of genetic activity, and it was possible
to identify the most appropriate test systems for some
classes of compounds. As the data base for human
carcinogens is enlarged, analysis of genetic activity
spectra may contribute to our understanding of the
structure-activity relationships and mechanisms of
action of these agents. (Copyright (c) 1984, Elsevier
Science Publishers B.V.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Chemical compounds, Quan-
titative analysis, Computer graphics, Data, Classifica-
tions, Statistical analysis, Pattern recognition, "Car-
cinogens, "Genetics, Bioassay, "International Agency
for Research on Cancer, "Data base, Dose rate.
PB85-156834/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Experiments In Microwave Exposure In the Rat:
Body Temperature, Serum Chemistry, and the Use
of Cnemlcal Restraint. Final rept. 1979-80,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Experimental Biology Div.
E. Berman, and H. Carter. Jan 85,46p EPA/600/1-85/
005
A series of experiments was conducted in rats to ob-
serve their responses to 2450-MHz (CW) microwaves.
Colonic temperatures were measured after exposure
to 0, 20, or 30 mW/cm2 tor up to 4 h. Exposures of 30
mW/cm2 caused a regular and significant increase in
colonic temperature. A plateau of 38.9C was reached
in 90 min and maintained for the rest of the 4-h expo-
sure. Rats exposed to 20 mW/cm2 for 4 h exhibited
patterns of colonic temperature similar to sham-ex-
posed rats. Acclimation lor 90 min had no effect on
these patterns. Measurements (or calculations) of 26
serum chemistry values produced similar results in rats
exposed to 30 mW/cm2 for 120 min and rats exposed
to 0 or 20 mW/cm2 for 120 min. Only serum corticos-
terone was significantly increased in the dose-related
response of naive rats to this acute exposure. Various
injectable anesthetics were evaluated as restraints in
microwave exposure experiments. Colonic tempera-
ture was a measure of the response to exposure. Im-
mobilization was accompanied by decreased colonic
temperature. After exposure to 30 mW/cm2 for 90
min, mean colonic temperatures in chemically re-
strained rats ranged from 39-40.4C, and increased up
to 5.5C from anesthetically-depressed pre-exposure
levels. Limitations on the use of chemical restraint for
this kind of experiment and on the use of multivalue
serum chemistry screening tests were determined in
the course of this research.
Keywords: "Microwaves, "Blood chemical analysis,
"Body temperature, Responses, Rats, 'Corticoster-
one, Anestetics, Injections, Dose rate, Immobilization.
PB85-156990/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Gallbladder Color and Relative Fullness as a Field
Technique for Estimating Time Since Last Feed-
ing In Brook Trout. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. H. McCormiek, and H. A. Podoliak. 1984,5p EPA/
600/J-84/201
Pub. in North American Jnl. of Fisheries Management
4, p566-568 1984. Prepared in cooperation with Tuni-
son Lab. of Fish Nutrition, Courtland, NY.
Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) fingerlings were held
for up to 13 days without food. Gallbladders sampled
from these fish at successive times after their last meal
showed filling and darkening in color directly related to
time since last feeding. It is suggested that these
changes may be useful in estimating the feeding state
of fish in the field.
Keywords: "Gallbladder, "Trout, "Feeding(Supplying),
Sampling, Color, Darkness, Estimating, Food con-
sumption, Food supply, Reprints, "Salvelinus fontina-
lis, Brook trout.
PB85-157006	Not available NTIS
Structure-Activity Relationship Studies on the
Toxicities of Benzene Derivatives: 1. An Addltlvity
Model. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
L. H. Hall, L. B. Kier, and G. Phipps. c1984,14p EPA/
600/J-84/202
Prepared in cooperation with Medical Coll. of Virginia,
Richmond and Eastern Nazarene Coll., Quincy, MA.
Dept. of Chemistry.
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 3,
P355-365 1984.
A quantitative structure-activity analysis was per-
formed on a series of substituted benzenes for which
toxicity values have been obtained over 96 h in the fat-
head minnow. The authors have determined the addi-
tive contribution to several substituent groups. They
have found a decreasing contribution to toxicity to be
CI > Br > N02 > CHS > OCH3 > NH2 > OH. This
additivity model, expressed as an equation, yields a
correlation coefficient (r) of 0.951, compared with the
log of the lethal concentration (LC50). The positional
dependence of substituents on benzene has been
studied, as has the relationship between the substitu-
ent toxicity ranking and physical properties. (Copyright
(c) 1984 SET AC.)
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Benzenes, 'Mathematical
models, 'Water pollution, Physical properties, Fishes,
Exposure, Dosage, Concentration(Composition),
Water analysis, Chemical analysis, Reprints, 'Water
pollution effects(Animals).
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB85-157014/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Derivation of Site-Specific Water Quality Criteria
for Cadmium and the St. Louis River Basin,
Duluth, Minnesota. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
R. L. Spehar, and A. R. Carlson. 1984,17p EPA/600/
J-84/203
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v3
n4 p651 -665 1984. See also PB84-153196.
Several freshwater aquatic species were exposed to
cadmium in site and laboratory water to evaluate a pro-
tocol recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency for deriving site-specific water quality cri-
teria. The recalculation, indicator species and resident
species procedures of this protocol were used to
modify the national cadmium criteria. These proce-
dures were used to account for differences in species
sensitivity and in the biological availability and/or toxic-
ity of cadmium due to physical and/or chemical char-
acteristics of the site water.
Keywords: "Cadmium, "Toxicity, "Aquatic animals,
"Water pollution, "Saint Louis River, Indicator species,
Fresh water fishes, Sensitivity, Tests, Toxicity, Evalua-
tion, Larvae, Minnows, Trout, Mortality, Survival,
Growth, Colloids, Metals, Concentration(Composition),
Reprints, "Water quality data, Heavy metals.
PB85-157022	Not available NTIS
Composition and Origins of Aerosol at a Forested
Mountain In Soviet Georgia. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
T. G. Dzubay, R. K. Stevens, and P. L. Haagenson.
C1984, 13p EPA/600/J-84/207
Prepared in cooperation with National Center for At-
mospheric Research, Boulder, CO.
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v18
n11 P873-882 Nov 84.
Ambient aerosol particles were collected by means of
dichotomous samplers during July, 1979, at Abastu-
mani Astrophysical Observatory, which is in a remote
forested area of Georgia, USSR. Samples were ana-
lyzed for mass, elemental, crystalline, and ionic spe-
cies concentrations and individual particles' size and
composition. Factor analysis was applied to the bulk
compositional data. Isentropic air parcel trajectories
were used to evaluate the possible contributions from
local and distant sources.
Keywords: "Aerosols, "Air pollution, Sampling, Parti-
cles, Concentration(Composition), Chemical analysis,
Particle size, Ions, Sources, Forests, Reprints, "Di-
chotomous samplers, "Air pollution detection, "Air pol-
lution sampling.
PB85-157030/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of a Method for Estimating Pollution
Concentrations Downwind of Influencing Build-
ings. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
A. H. Huber. 1984,28p EPA/600/J-84/208
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v18 n11 p2313-
2338 Nov-Dec 84.
A simple method for estimating enhanced dispersion
resulting from the overall effect of buildings is present-
ed and evaluated. A framework for applying the
method to general plume dispersion modeling prob-
lems is suggested and examples are provided. The
Gaussian plume equation has been modified to incor-
porate building waka enhanced dispersion param-
eters, and the resulting ground-level plume centerline
concentration estimates are compared to 10 sets of
field measurements. The results indicate that the
method can provide a good correction for the overall
effect of adjacent buildings. Better measurements of
plume height and the vertical spread of the plume are
still needed to resolve some issues. The effect of
building influences on plume rise and the determina-
tion of plume centerline requires vertical profile meas-
urements. Also, the effect of wind speed should be
considered. The cases with the highest wind speed
have been observed to behave somewhat extraordi-
nary for several of the studies. Also, the possible effect
of vortices should be more fully evaluated. Additional
data are needed to fully examine building wake effects.
However, in lieu of site-specific information, the meth-
ods presented in this report should provide an approxi-
mate correction to estimated ground-level centerline
concentrations.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Buildings, "Wakes,
Concentration(Composition), Plumes, Sites, Field
tests, Wind velocity, Reprints, "Atmospheric disper-
sion, "Air pollution sampling, "Air quality, Gaussian
plume models.
PB85-157048/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Dynamics of Pollutant Photoreactions in the Hy-
drosphere. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
R. G. Zepp, P. F. Schlotzhauer, M. S. Simmons, G. C.
Miller, and G. L. Baughman. 1984, 10pEPA/600/J-
84/196
Pub. in Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem., v319 n2 p119-125
1984.
Procedures have been developed for predicting direct
photolysis rates of chemicals at lowconcentrations in
air-saturated distilled water. Recently, attention has
turned to the more complex problem of quantitating
the effects of substances indigenous to aquatic envi-
ronments on photolysis rates and products. These na-
turral substances influence photolysis rates of pollut-
ants in aquatic environments through initiation of indi-
rect photoprocesses, through the attenuation of sun-
light, and through physical or chemical interactions
that alter the speciation or microenvironment of pollut-
ants. Recent research on these various effects is re-
viewed, with emphasis on studies of the influence of
humic substances, suspended sediments, algae and
natural inorganic species on photoreactions of trace
organic chemicals.
Keywords: "Photochemical reactions, "Water pollu-
tion, "Sunlight, Lakes, Reaction kinetics, Trace ele-
ments, Dynamics, Sediments, Sampling, Pesticides,
Aigae, Reprints, "Atmospheric chemistry, Natural
emissions.
PB85-157055/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Fenvalerate on Larval Development of
'Palaemonetes pugio' (Holthuis) and on Larval Me-
tabolism during Osmotic Stress. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
C. L. McKenney, and D. B. Hamaker. 1984,15p EPA/
600/J-84/198
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology 5, p343-355 Nov 84.
Larvae of the estuarine grass shrimp, Palaemonetes
pugio, were reared in the laboratory from hatch
through metamorphosis under optimal salinity condi-
tions in a range of lethal and sublethal concentrations
of the pyrethroid insecticide, fenvalerate. A nominal
concentration of 3.2 ng fenvalerate/l significantly re-
duced the percentage of larvae that completed meta-
morphosis. Oxygen consumption rates were signifi-
cantly higher for larvae exposed to this lethal concen-
tration for 24 hr. Exposure to a sublethal concentration
of 1.6 ng fenvalerate/l prolonged the duration of com-
plete larval development. After 8-day exposure to fen-
valerate, oxygen consumption rates were elevated
when larvae were exposed acutely to hypo-osmotic
stress. Alterations in metablic-salinity patterns of larval
grass shrimp developing under sublethal concentra-
tions of fenvalerate suggest reduction in the ecological
fitness during this life stage by limiting capacity of
larval shrimp to adapt to the fluctuating salinity condi-
tions of estuarine waters.
Keywords: "Growth, "Larvae, "Shrimps, "Estuaries,
Salinity, Life cycles, Mortality, Exposure,
Stress(Physiology), Oxygen, Consumption, Osmosis,
Ecology, Insecticides, Metabolism, Acclimatization,
Reprints, "Palaemonetes pugio, Grass shrimps, "Fen-
valerate.
PB85-157063	Not available NTIS
Aquatic Animals in Toxicity Testing. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
J. A. Couch, and W. J. Hargis. c1984, 8p EPA/600/J-
84/199
Prepared in cooperation with Virginia Inst, of Marine
Science, Gloucester Point.
Pub. in Jnl. of American College Toxicology, v3 n6
p331-336 Dec 84.
Aquatic animals serve as useful models for toxicologi-
cal evaluations that bridge the gap between real world
and laboratory problems. Selected aquatic organisms
are adaptable to laboratory experimentation in areas
such as toxicity testing and chronic sublethal risks
evaluation including phenomena such as carcinogene-
sis, mutagenesis, and teratorgenesis. General and
specific examples of how aquatic animals are useful to
toxicologists, as well as theoretical bases for their use,
are discussed.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Aquatic animals, "Tests, Lab-
oratories. History, Fresh water, Estuaries, Abundance,
Stress(Physiology), Morphology. Animal physiology,'
Mammals, Environmental impacts, Pollution, Ecology]
Public health, Research projects, Mortality, Reprints.
PB85-157071/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Air Quality Data Analysis System for Interrelating
Effects, Standards, and Needed Source Reduc-
tions: Part 8. An Effective Mean 03 Crop Reduc-
tion Mathematical Model. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
R. I. Larsen, and W. W. Heck. 1984,15p EPA/6O0/J-
84/214
Pub. in A PC A Jnl., v34 n10 p1023-1034 Oct 84. See
also PB84-101716. Prepared in cooperation with North
Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
A plant injury mathematical model, applied previously
to acute and chronic leaf injury data, is used here to
model National Crop Loss Assessment Network
(NCLAN) data for 15 cultivars and to calculate species
parameters from the cultivar analyses. Percent crop
yield reduction is estimated as a function of a new pa-
rameter, the effective mean 03 concentration, where
C(sub h) is the hourly average ambient 03 concentra-
tion for each daytime hour (defined here as 9:00 A.M.-
4:00 P.M., always standard time) of data available at
an air sampling site for summer (defined here as June
1-August 31), n is the total number of such available
hours, and v is an exposure time-concentration param-
eter, calculated here to be approximately -0.376. Crop
yield reductions for seven plant species are estimated
for each of the 1824 siteyears of 1981 -1983 hourly 03
concentration data available in the National Aerome-
tric Data Bank (NADB). State-average 03 parameters
and estimated percent crop yield reductions are tabu-
lated. Ambient 03 concentrations reduced the total
U.S. crop yield an estimated 5% for years 1981-1983.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Mathematical models,
•Plants(Botany),	Standards,
Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Air pollution.
Farm crops, Reprints, "Air quality, "Air pollution
effects(Plants), "Air pollution sampling, Natural emis-
sions.
PB85-157352	Not available NTIS
National Science Foundation, Washington, DC.
Community Respiration of Decomposing Plants in
Oregon Estuarine Marshes. Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. L. Gallagher, H. V. Kibby, and K. W. Skirvin. C1984,
14p EPA/600/J-84/216
Grant NSF-DES72-0165-A02
Prepared in cooperation with Delaware Univ., Newark.
Coll. of Marine Studies.
Pub. in Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 18, p421-
431 Apr 84.
Community respiration rates in air and water were
measured as indicators of the decomposition rate of
dead plant tissue from nine stands of plants in two
Oregon estuarine marshes. Respiration rates were low
and relatively constant from November to February;
during warmer periods several patterns emerged. The
highest respiration rates for the most and least active
communities differed up to one order of magnitude
The moisture, nitrogen, and crude fibre content, as
well as plant shoot and canopy structure, appeared to
be important determinants of the respiration rate
Comparisons of aerial and aquatic respiration rates for
a single date may be useful for determining the recent
moisture history of the tissue. Rates of dead plant
community respiration in Pacific North-west marshes
equalled and, in one case, exceeded those in the At-
lantic South-east. (Copyright (c) Estuarine, Coastal
and Shelf Science 1984.)
Keywords: "Decomposition, "Respiration, "Plant tis-
sues, "Estuaries, Air, Water, Nitrogen, Oregon, Sam-
ples, Moisture, Mortality, Marshes, Coasts, Reprints,
"Biological indicators, Crude fiber.
PB85-157378/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Computer Controlled Acquisition of Corrosion
Rate Data from Multiple Sensors,
Rockwell International. Thousand Oaks. CA. Science
Center.
M. Kendig, S. Jeanjaquet, and F. Mansfeld. Jan 85,
19p EPA/600/D-85/018
Contract EPA-68-02-3741
Determination of the polarization resistance from mul-
tiple sensors under computer control provides rapid,
reproducible and accurate means for determining cor-
rosion rates ranging over many orders of magnitude
for large test matrices. Computerized techniques can
simultaneously evaluate the response of many sen-
sors to variations in the composition of a corrosive en-
vironment. Examples are presented of computerized
corrosion monitoring of atmospheric corrosion rate
monitors subjected to pollutant transients, and of ma-
terials in simulated flue gas desulfurization media con-
taining trace elements.
Keywords: 'Corrosion, * Air pollution control equip-
ment, "Monitors, Flue gases, Combustion products,
Trace elements, Experimental design, Industrial
wastes, Computer applications. Flue gas desulfuriza-
tion.
PB85-1S7386/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Emission Inventory Applications to Regional Acid
Deposition Modeling,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J. H. Novak. Jan 85, 7p EPA/600/D-85/017
A comprehensive Regional Acid Deposition Model
(RADM) is being developed and a simpler fast-turn-
around 'engineering' model(s) (EM) is being designed
by the National Center for Atmospheric Research as
part of the National Acid Precipitation Assessment
Program (NAPAP). This paper describes how potential
assessment applications and research questions
affect those model designs and the subsequent emis-
sion inventory requirements. Finally a recommenda-
tion is made for EPA to consolidate inventory develop-
ment efforts to produce an agency emission inventory
applicable to the wide spectrum of models and appli-
cations throughout EPA.
Keywords: "Mathematical models, "Air pollution,
Chemical properties, Physical properties, Sulfur diox-
ide, Nitrogen oxides, 'Emission inventories, "Acid rain,
'Regional Acid Deposition Model.
PB85-157394/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Zinc, Copper, and Manganese Deficiencies In Pre-
natal and Neonatal Development, with Special
Reference to the Central Nervous System,
California Univ., Davis.
J. M. Rogers, C. L. Keen, and L. S. Hurley. Jan 85,57p
EPA/600/D-85/021
The trace elements zinc, copper and manganese are
essential for normal development in mammals. In this
chapter we review the current state of knowledge on
the roles of these trace elements in mammalian devel-
opment, especially of the central nervous system. The
effects of deficiencies of these trace elements during
development in man and research animals are docu-
mented, including effects on prenatal structural mor-
phogenesis and postnatal functional and behavioral
development.
Keywords: "Trace elements, Mammals, Development,
Zink, Copper, Manganese, "Nutrition disorders, 'Defi-
ciencies, "Neonatalogy, "Perinatology, "Central nerv-
ous system, Morphogenesis, Behavior.
PB85-157402/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Response of Estuarine Diatom Assemblages to
Ultravloiet-B Radiation (290-320 nm),
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.
D. L. Brooker, and R. C. Worrest. Jan 85,18p EPA/
600/D-85/016
Grant EPA-R-810288
Artificial substrates colonized by diatoms from Yaquina
Estuary, Oregon, were exposed to solar visible radi-
ation and three levels of ultraviolet radiation (UV-B,
290-320 nm). Flow-through microcosms were con-
structed inside a glasshouse to serve as chambers for
the artificial substrates. The artificial substrates were
sampled during three spring/summer experiments.
Chlorophyll a concentration, biomass (ash-free dry
weight), primary productivity (radiocarbon uptake), and
community composition were the parameters meas-
ured biweekly for each four-week experimental period.
The results indicated that daily exposure to enhanced
levels of UV-B radiation was associated with a de-
crease in species diversity of benthic diatom assem-
blages during all experiments after four weeks of
growth.
Keywords: "Diatoms, "Solar Ultraviolet radiation, 'Ya-
quina Estuary, Exposure, Light(Visib!e radiation).
Greenhouses, Substrates, Chlorophylls, Biomass, Pri-
mary biological productivity, Growth, Radioactive iso-
topes, Morphology, Responses, Food chains, 'Ultra-
violet B radiation, "Species diversity.
PB85-157444/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Issues in Monitoring Population Exposures,
Texas Univ. Medical Branch at Galveston,
J. B. Ward. Jan 85,45p* EPA/600/D-85/008
Grant EPA-R-807548
This manuscript explores the risks associated with ex-
posure to carcinogenic chemicals that have become a
growing source of public concern. Steadily increasing
numbers of agents are being identified as mutagens
and carcinogens. Furthermore, we are increasingly
aware of sources of exposure to such agents both in
the occupational setting and general environment.
There is a growing need for reliable and sensitive
methods for detecting human exposure to carcinogen-
ic hazards at the time of their occurrence. By detecting
hazards early, significant reduction in the risk of ad-
verse health outcome can be achieved by reduction or
termination of exposure. The monitoring of human
populations for genetic damage has the potential to
improve our ability to detect health hazards and pre-
vent or reduce the risk of workplace-exposure-related
cancer. In the long run this can reduce costs related to
illness. It is possible that the costs of exposure control
can also be reduced by better establishing the sources
of significant exposure and by understanding the
human response to exposure. However, its greatest
promise is in the protection of human health through
the early detection and prevention of disease process-
es resulting from mutagenic exposure.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Populations, "Carcinogens,
"Mutagens, "Environmental carcinogens, Preventive
medicine, Health risk, Occupational medicine, Work
environments.
PB85-157568/HSU	PC A18
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Study of Ambient TSP (Total Suspended Particu-
late) Levels Near Major Steel Facilities (1978-1980
Update). Volume 1. Final rept.,
Geomet Technologies, Inc., Rockville, MD.
K. E. Pickering, J. M. Vilardo, H. E. Rector, and S. D.
Thayer. Sep 83,404p EPA/340/1-83/024A
Contract EPA-68-01-6311
See also PB85-157576.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
Ambient air quality statistics have been updated to in-
clude 1978-1980 data for TSP, BaP, and BSO for the
vicinities of the 50 major integrated steel facilities in
the United States. For each mill, conclusions have
been drawn concerning the impact of the mill as dis-
cerned through pollution roses and analyses of the
conditions occurring on days on which the National
Ambient Air Quality Standards have been exceeded.
Trends in the 12-month running geometric means of
TSP have been examined. Statistical summaries of the
data are presented such that the attainment status of
the vicinity of each mill could be easily determined.
Data included in the analyses were composed of those
available from the National Aerometric Data Bank as
well as special study data obtained from EPA and state
and local agencies. Seventy percent of the stations
used in the analyses demonstrate long-term down-
ward trends in TSP levels. During 1980, there were
seven steel mills for which the nearby monitoring sta-
tions indicated no violations of the TSP standards. The
methodology for the analysis is described and the re-
sults are presented in a separate section for each steel
mill.
Keywords: "Iron and steel industry, "Air pollution,
State	government,	Trends,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), 'Total
suspended particulates, "Air quality, "Air pollution
sampling.
PB85-157576/HSU	PC A15
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Study of Ambient TSP (Total Suspended Particu-
late) Levels Near Major Steel Facilities (1978-1980
Update). Volume 2. Final rept.,
Geomet Technologies, Inc., Rockville, MD.
K. E. Pickering, S. D. Thayer, H. E. Rector, and J. M.
Vilardo. Sep 83, 350p EPA/340/1-83/024B
Contract EPA-68-01-6311
See also PB85-157568.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
Ambient air quality statistics have been updated to in-
clude 1978-1980 data for TSP, BaP, and BSO for the
vicinities of the 50 major integrated steel facilities in
the United States. For each mill, conclusions have
been drawn concerning the impact of the mill as dis-
cerned through pollution roses and analyses of the
conditions occurring on days on which the National
Ambient Air Quality Standards have been exceeded.
Trends in the 12-month running geometric means of
TSP have been examined. Statistical summaries of the
data are presented such that the attainment status of
the vicinity of each mill could be easily determined.
Data included in the analyses were composed of those
available from the National Aerometric Data Bank as
well as special study data obtained from EPA and state
and local agencies. Seventy percent of the stations
used in the analyses demonstrate long-term down-
ward trends in TSP levels. During 1980, there were
seven steel mills for which the nearby monitoring sta-
tions indicated no violations of the TSP standards. The
methodology for the analysis is described and the re-
sults are presented in a separate section for each steel
mill.
Keywords: "Iron and steel industry, 'Air pollution,
State	government,	Trends,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), 'Total
suspended particulates, 'Air quality, 'Air pollution
sampling.
PB85-158145/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.- Cincin-
nati, OH.
Thermally Modulated Electron Affinity Oetector
for Priority Pollutant Analysis. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
R. C. Hanisch, L. D. Ogle, A. E. Jones, and R. C. Hall.
Jan 85,57p EPA/600/4-85/009
Contract EPA-68-03-2965
In the area of environmental monitoring, a need exists
for a rapid, sensitive, and selective method to analyze
for chlorinated organic compounds such as pesticides,
PCB, PCDD, and PCDF at trace levels in complex sam-
ples. In response to this need, a program was conduct-
ed to determine the feasibility of using a new detector
concept in the gas chromatographic analysis of certain
priority pollutants. The concept is based on the ther-
mal alteration of a compound's electron affinity in a
flow-through reactor, which can be used to modify the
selectivity and sensitivity of the ECD to certain com-
pounds. The TM ECD consists of two ECDs connected
by a temperature-controlled reactor. Different classes
of organic compounds respond to the reactor condi-
tionsln different ways: some compounds exhibit an en-
hanced ECD response after passing through the reac-
tor; others a diminished signal; and still others no
change in the magnitude of the signal. The ratio of a
compound's response from the post-reactor ECD to
that obtained from the prereactor ECD appears to be a
property characteristic of each compound. This peak
area ratio can be used in conjunction with its retention
time to increase the confidence level of the identity of
a given compound while still taking advantage of the
excellent sensitivity characteristics of the ECD.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Gas chromatography, "Trace
elements, Chemical analysis, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Sampling, 'Thermally modulated electron af-
finity detectors, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Polychlori-
nated dibenzodioxins, Polychlorinated dibenzofurans.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB85-158913/HSU	PCA11/MFA01
Users Manual for the Pesticide Root Zone Model
(PRZM). Release 1. Final rept. Jan 82-Oct 84,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
R. F. Carsel, C. N. Smith, L. A. Mulkey, J. D. Dean, and
P. Jowise. Dec 84, 229p EPA/600/3-84/109
Prepared in cooperation with Anderson-Nichols and
Co., Inc., Palo Alto, CA.
The Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM) simulates the
vertical movement of pesticides in the unsaturated
soil, within and below the plant root zone, and extend-
ing to the water table using generally available input
data that are reasonable in spatial and temporal re-
quirements. The model consists of hydrology and
chemical transport components that simulate runoff,
erosion, plant uptake, leaching, decay, foliar washoff,
and volatilization (implicitly) of a pesticide. Predictions
can be made for daily, monthly, or annual output. It is
designed to run on a DEC PDP 1170 mini-computer
using batch jobstream submission. With modifications,
however, the model will operate on other computers
with FORTRAN compilers. PRZM has a separate inter-
active processing software module (ANPRZM) to de-
velop and update parameter files for calibration, verifi-
cation, and production run analyses. The model has
undergone limited performance testing in New York
and Wisconsin (potatoes), Florida (citrus), and Georgia
(corn). The results of these tests demonstrate that
PRZM is a useful tool for evaluating groundwater
threats from pesticide use. The manual provides infor-
mation and detailed guidance on parameter estimation
and model operation as well as an example application
to assist model users.
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Mathematical models.
Runoff, Erosion, Plants(Botany), Leaching, Hydrology,
Transport properties, Fortran, Farm crops, "User
manuals(Computer programs), "Pesticide root zone
models.
PB85-1S9044/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Procedure for Certifying Quantity of Volatile Or-
ganic Compounds Emitted By Paint, Ink, and
Other Coatings.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Dec 84, 25p EPA/450/3-84/019
This manual provides procedures by which firms may
voluntarily certify the quantity of volatile organic com-
pounds which will be emitted by a paint, ink, or other
coating. Two data sheets are provided. One is to be
used by the manufacturer of the coating, the other by
the user. Analytical test methods and procedures for
preparing the data sheets are included, as are the
equations and instructions necessary to convert the
analytical results into a format suitable for determining
compliance with State or Federal regulations.
Keywords: "Coatings, "Air pollution, "Manuals, "Regu-
lations, Paints, Inks, Organic compounds, "Volatile or-
ganic compounds, EPA method 24, Procedures, Nu-
merical solution.
PB8S-159911/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Impact of Surface Water Acidification on Com-
mercially and Recreatlonally Important Salmonid
Fishes: Effects on Reproductive Success and Re-
cruitment. Final rept.,
Oregon Cooperative Fishery Research Unit, Corvallis.
C. B. Schreck, and H. W. Li. Dec 84, 91p EPA/600/3-
84/116
Reproduction of salmonid fishes in acidic water was
studied, using the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) as a
model. Adult trout were exposed to pH levels 4.5, 5.0,
5.5 and control (6.5 to 7.1) during the final 6 weeks of
reproductive maturation. Reduced survival rates of the
progeny of acid-exposed females through 7 days of
development, hatching, and yolksac absorption dem-
onstrate that oogenesis is sensitive to environmental
acidification. Similar reductions in the survival of the
progeny of acid-exposed males indicate the sensitivity
of spermatogenesis to low ambient pH. The authors
conclude that salmonid gametogenesis and early on-
tongeny are likely to be affected by environmental
acidification.
Keywords: "Trout, "Acidity, "Reproduction(Biology),
"Water pollution, Mathematical models, Survival, pH,
Females, Exposure, Sensitivity, Sperm, Embryos,
"Salmo gairdneri, Sport fishing, Commercial fishing.
286 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB85-159937/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Impact of Ozone on Vegetation,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. T. Tingey. Dec 84,39p EPA/600/D-84/291
Visible injury on vegetation is one of the earliest and
most obvious manifestations of ozone injury. However,
ozone effects are not limited to visible injury; impacts
range from reduced plant growth, decreased yield,
changes in crop quality and alterations in susceptibility
to abiotic and biotic stresses. Several approaches
have been used to estimate the ozone concentrations
and exposure durations that induce foliar injury. Most
of these studies used short-term exposures (less than
1 day) and measured visible injury as the response
variable. In one study designed to estimate the con-
centrations and durations that would induce specific
amounts of visible injury plants were exposed to a
range of ozone concentrations and exposure durations
and the data were evaluated by regression analysis.
The data for several species are summarized to illus-
trate the range of concentrations required to induce
foliar injury on sensitive, intermediate, and less sensi-
tive species. An alternative approach for estimating
ozone concentrations and exposure durations which
induce foliar injury is the use of limiting value analysis.
The limiting values were developed from a review of
the literature and represent the lowest concentration
and exposure duration reported to cause visible injury
on various plant species. The analysis was based on
more than 100 studies of agricultural crops and 18
studies of tree species.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Vegetation, "Air pollution, Farm
crops,	Trees(Plants),	Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Plant growth, "Air pollu-
tion effects(Plants).
PB85-160158	Not available NTIS
Effect of Chronic Exposure to EPN and to Guthion
on the Critical Swimming Speed and Brain Acetyl-
cholinesterase Activity of 'Cyprinodon variega-
tus'. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
G M. Cripe, L. R. Goodman, and D. J. Hansen. 1984,
13p EPA/600/J-84/190
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology 5, p255-266 Aug 84.
Swimming performance of the Sheepshead minnow,
Cyprinodon variegatus, was measured in a stamina
tunnel at the end of life-cycle toxicity tests with the or-
ganophosphate pesticides, EPN and Guthion. Swim-
ming stamina was affected by 2.2 micrograms EPN/I
but not by 0.88 micrograms EPN/I; these concentra-
tions are about one naif of those that significantly
affect survival, growth or reproduction. Fish brain ace-
tylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, assayed by the pH-
Stat method, was inhibited 72% by 0.88 micrograms
EPN/I and 83% by 2.2 micrograms EPN/I. Swimming
performance was not affected by Guthion concentra-
tions up to 0.5 micrograms/l; this concentration re-
duced survival and inhibited AChE 78%.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Minnows, "Toxicity, "Water
pollution, Survival, Tests, Pesticides, Phosphorus or-
ganic compounds, Swimming, Acetylcholinesterase,
Life cycles, Growth, Reproduction(Biology), Bioassay.
Reprints, "Cyprinodon variegatus, Sheepshead min-
nows, EPN insecticide, Guthion, Phosphonothioic
acid/(ethyl-ester)-(nitrophenyl-ester)-phenyl, Phos-
phosphorodiathioic	acid/(dimethyl)-
(oxobenzotriaziryl)methyl.
PB85-160166	Not available NTIS
Reproductive Rhythmicity of the Atlantic Silver-
side. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
D. P. Middaugh, R. G. Domey, and G. I. Scott. c1984,
9p EPA/600/J-84/191
Prepared in cooperation with South Carolina Univ., Co-
lumbia.
Pub. in Transactions American Fisheries Society 113,
p472-478 Jul 84.
The reproductive periodicity of the Atlantic silverside,
Menidia menidia, was studied at two locations on the
North Edisto River estuary in South Carolina during
March - July of 1976-1978. Spawning runs occurred in
the upper intertidal zone and coincided precisely with
daytime high tides. Time series analysis of daily
changes in the intensity of spawning runs revealed a
fortnightly reproductive periodicity. Additional analyses
indicated that the observed reproductive rhythmicity in
M. menidia may be mediated by a high tide- sunrise
cue, that also occurs at fortnightly intervals.
Keywords: "Reproduction(Biology), "Fishes, South
Carolina, Estuaries, Reprints, Atlantic silverside, Meni-
dia menidia.
PB85-160174	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Non-Invasive Electrophysiological Monitoring: A
Sensitive Method for Detecting Sublethal Neuro-
toxicity in Earthworms. Journal article,
Iowa State Univ., Ames.
C. D. Drewes, E. P. Vining, andC. A. Callahan. C1984
11p EPA/600/J-84/188
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 3
P599-607 Oct-Dec 84.
Earthworms were exposed, by external surface con-
tact, to three chemical pollutants: dieldrin (a known
neurotoxicant), dimethyl phthalate and fluorene (a pos-
sible neurotoxicant). After 48 h of exposure, LC50
values were determined and compared with concen-
trations required for sublethal neurotoxic effects on
giant nerve fiber conduction velocity and escape reflex
function, as assessed by noninvasive electrophysiolo-
gical recordings.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Electrophysiologic recording,
Worms, Exposure, Reprints, Earthworms. Neurotoxi-
city, Dieldrin, Phthalate/dimethyl, Fluorene.
PB85-160182	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
In vivo Neurotoxic Effects of Dieldrin on Giant
Nerve Fibers and Escape Reflex Function in the
Earthworm, 'Eisenla foetida'. Journal article,
Iowa State Univ., Ames.
C. D. Drewes, and E. P. Vining. c1984,13p EPA/600/
J-84/187
Pub. in Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 22. p93-
103 Aug 84.
Neurotoxicological effects of dieldrin were assessed in
adult earthworms, Eisenia foetida, using noninvasive
electrophysiological recordings of escape reflex activi-
ty. After 48 hr body surface exposure to aqueous sus-
pensions of dieldrin, dose-dependent reductions in
medial and lateral giant nerve fiber conduction veloci-
ties were seen within a concentration range of 1.4 to
288 ppm.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxicology, In viro analysis,
Worms, Reprints, Neurotoxicity, Eisenia foetida, "Diel-
drin.
PB65-1603S6/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Testing and Evaluation of TOX-SCREEN Model,
Anderson-Nichols and Co., Inc., Palo Alto, CA.
B. R. Bicknell, S. H. Boutwell, and D. B. Watson. Jan
85,137p EPA/600/3-85/001
Contract EPA-68-03-3116
The TOX-SCREEN model, which was developed re-
cently by the U.S. EPA Office for Toxic Substances, is
a screening level, multimedia model designed to pro-
vide rapid assessment of the long-term tendency of
toxic chemicals to accumulate in air, surface water
and soil. TOX-SCREEN simulates pollutant fate and
transport by considering the release and dispersion of
chemicals into the air, water, and soil; atmospheric
deposition; volatilization; adsorption; leaching; and
chemical-biological degradation. Transport ol pollut-
ants across media interfaces is specified by atmos-
pheric deposition velocities, mass transfer coeffi-
cients, and mass loading parameters. The model as-
sumes a generic positioning of surface water bodies
and contaminated land areas with respect to atmos-
pheric pollutant sources. In this study, an evaluation of
TOX-SCREEN to determine its ability to perform reli-
able screening of chemicals was conducted. Evalua-
tion included a review of the TOX-SCREEN processes
and models relative to the current state-of-the-art
methods, a comparison of TOX-SCREEN results with
observed data and with predictions of other models,
and a sensitivity analysis of selected input parameters.
Keywords: "Chemical compounds, "Mathematical
models, "Environmental surveys, Transport proper-
ties, Air pollution, Water pollution, Sources, Volatility
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
"TOX-SCREEN models, 'Toxic substances, Path of
pollutants, State of the art, Land pollution.
PB85-160364	Not available NTIS
Simulation Modeling as a Means of Studying
Large Aquatic Ecosystems. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
A. B. Gorstko, Y. A. Dombrovsky, A, A. Matveyev, J. F,
Paul, and W. L. Richardson. C1984, 7p ERLN-680,
EPA/600/J-84/220
Prepared in cooperation with Rostov-on-Don State
Univ. (USSR). Inst, of Mechanics and Applied Mathe-
matics and Hydrochemical Inst., Rostov-on-Don
(USSR).
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research 10, n3 p240-244
1984.
The concept of simulation modeling of large aquatic
ecosystems is discussed with special reference to a
conceptual framework incorporating a series of sub-
models. Practical applications of this technique are
made to the Sea of Azov and Lake Baikal. One such
application was the use of simulation techniques to
predict the stock of omul populations in Lake Baikal.
The results of this effort suggested that recommenda-
tions to increase omul harvest could be made. (Copy-
right (c) Internat. Assoc. Great Lakes Res., 1984.)
Keywords: "Ecology, "Marine biology, "Aquatic biol-
ogy, "Water pollution, Mathematical models, Sea of
Azov, Lake Baikal, Populations, Harvesting, Fishes,
Recommendations, Phytoplankton, Oxygen, Hydro-
dynamics, Ocean currents, Salinity, Temperature,
Wind(Meteorology), Reprints, Omul, Ecosystems.
PB85-160372	Not available NTIS
Effects of Two Pyrethrold Insecticides on Motor
Activity and the Acoustic Startle Response in the
Rat. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
K. M. Crofton, and L. W. Reiter. C1984,12p EPA/600/
J-84/221
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill.
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 75, n2
p318-328 1984.
To better characterize the behavioral toxicity of pyreth-
roid insecticides, comparisons were made of the ef-
fects of cismethrin and deltamethrin exposure on
motor activity and the acoustic startle response in
male Long-Evans rats. Acute dose-effect, acute time
course, and 30-day repeated-exposure determinations
of 1-hr motor activity were made using figure-eight
mazes.
Keywords: "Insecticides, "Toxicology, Responses,
Rats, Laboratory animals, Motor reactions, Reprints,
Pyrethroid insecticides, Cismethrin, Deltamethrin.
PBB5-160380	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Current Study of Mottled Enamel in Texas. Journal
article,
Texas Univ. Health Science Center at San Antonio.
Dental School.
V. A. Segreto, E. M. Collins, D. Camann, and C. T.
Smith. Jan 84,6p EPA/600/J-84/193
Pub. in Jnl. of American Dental Association 108, p56-
59 Jan 84.
Enamel mottling is strongly associated with the water
fluoride level of the community water supply. About
32% of the variation in the mottled enamel scores of
subjects aged 7 to 12 was attributable to their commu-
nity's water fluoride level. Objectionable mottling
(moderate mottling) occurred at 2.3 times the currently
accepted optimum water fluoride level. Subjects with
incomes less than $10,000 have slightly more mottling
(mostly moderate mottling) than subjects from higher
income families. It should be emphasized that the
effect of gender, ethnic group, or family income on
enamel mottling is small compared with the effect of
water fluoride level. Although many other personal and
water supply characteristics were evaluated, virtually
none of the remaining variation in ottled enamel scores
could be attributed to any of these characteristics.
Keywords: "Enamels, "Teeth, "Fluorides, Texas, Re-
prints.
PB85-160398	Not available NTIS
Increased Susceptibility to Parathlon Poisoning
Following Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection. Jour-
nal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.
M. K. Selgrade, M. J. Daniels, J. W. Illing, A. L. Ralston,
and M. A. Grady. C1984,12p EPA/600/J-84/194
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 76,
p356-364 1984.
Increased Susceptibility to Parathion Poisoning Fol-
lowing Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection. Fifty to 100
percent mortality occurred in mice treated with ordinar-
ily sublethal doses of parathion 2 to 5 days post infec-
tion with murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV). These mor-
talities appeared to be due to an increased sensitivity
of infected mice to parathion poisoning. Pentobarbital-
induced sleeping time was also enhanced 3 to 6 days
post infection and cytochrome P-450 levels were
markedly depressed in mice tested 3 days after infec-
tion.
Keywords: "Parathion, "Tolerances(Physiology), "Viral
diseases, "Mice, Mortality, Liver, Pentobarbital, Infec-
tions, Organic compounds, Depression, Reprints,
Murine cytomegalovirus, Interferon.
PB85-160406/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Liquid Waste Composting. Final rept. Jul 78-Jul 79,
National Park Service, Washington, DC.
J. C. Patterson, and J. R. Short. Jan 85,100p EPA/
600/2-85/005
This research project was conducted at the Chesa-
peake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park to ex-
amine the feasibility of adapting and using the sludge
composting technique to compost liquid waste collect-
ed in the National Parks. This study evaluated the
composting of two problematic liquid raw wastes-sani-
tary toilet pumpings and septic tank pumpings (sep-
tage). Effectiveness of the process was characterized
by measuring indicator organism destruction, nutrient
transformations, heavy metal content, and tempera-
ture and oxygen variation. Effective destruction of
pathogenic microorganisms was achieved by tempera-
tures in excess of 55 degrees obtained within the com-
posting pile. The system was costly on a unit volume
basis, but costs were reasonable when the value of the
compost was considered. The process provided thor-
ough waste treatment without costly equipment and
specialized construction.
Keywords: "Composts, "Sewage disposal, Substi-
tutes, Cost analysis, Feasibility, Microorganisms, Nutri-
ents, Temperature, Oxygen, "Municipal wastes,
"Liquid wastes, Bioindicators, Heavy metals.
PB85-160414	Not available NTIS
Effects of Microbial Community Interactions on
Transformation Rates of Xenobiotic Chemicals.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
D. L. Lewis, R. E. Hodson, and L. F. Freeman. c1984,
6p EPA/600/J-84/227
Prepared in cooperation with Georgia Univ., Athens.
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology 48, n3
p561-565Sep84.
The effects of culture filtrates, mixed populations, and
common microbial exudates on bacterial transforma-
tions of three agricultural and industrial chemicals
were investigated. Test chemicals included methyl
parathion, diethyl phthalate, and 2,4-dichlorophenox-
yacetic acid butoxyethyl ester. The presence of vari-
ous cultures, filtrates, or exudates of algae, fungi, or
other bacteria either simulated or inhibited bacterial
transformation rates. Inhibition resulted from treat-
ments that lowered the pH, and stimulation resulted
from an increase in cell biomass (based on plate
counts) and from a different process whereby rates of
transformation per bacterial cell rapidly increased as
much as 10-fold. (Copyright (c) 1984, American Socie-
ty for Microbiology.)
Keywords: "Chemical compounds, 'Bacteria, "Envi-
ronmental surveys, Industrial plants, Agricultural prod-
ucts, Pesticides, Biomass, Cells(Blology), Microorga-
nisms, Reprints, "Biotransformations, Methyl parath-
ion, Phthalic acid/(Diethyl-ester), Acetic acid/(Butox-
yethyl-ester)-dichlorophenoxy.
PB85-160422	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Interface of a Reverse-Phase High-Performance
Liquid Chromatograph with a Diffuse Reflectance
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer. Journal
article,
California Univ., Riverside. Dept. of Chemistry.
C. M. Conroy, P. R. Griffiths, P. J. Duff, and L. V.
Azarraga. c1984,10p EPA/600/J-84/228
Grant EPA-R-810430
Prepared in cooperation with Ohio Univ., Athens. Dept.
of Chemistry.
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry 56, n14 p2636-2642 Dec
84.
An approach to the interface of a reverse-phase high-
performance liquid chromatograph and a Fourier
transform infrared spectrometer has been developed
in which the solutes eluting from the column are con-
tinuously extracted into dicnloromethane. The applica-
tion of both flow cell and solvent elimination tech-
niques was explored. Coextracted water and methanol
into the CH2CI2 precluded the use of flow cells. In the
solvent elimination interface, the solutes are first ex-
tracted into dichloromethane and subsequently con-
centrated by differential evaporation. The solutes are
then deposited on gently heated KC1 powder, and
their diffuse reflectance spectra are measured. The
interface operates in a continuous fashion without the
need for an auxiliary detector. Spectra can be meas-
ured at submicrogram sensitivity using this interface.
(Copyright (c) 1984 American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: "Infrared spectroscopy, "Chemical analy-
sis, "Environmental surveys, Reprints, "High perform-
ance liquid chromatography, "Fourier transform spec-
troscopy.
PB85-160430/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Fate and Effects of Pentachlorophenol In Hard-
and Soft-Water Microcosms. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
D. L. Brockway, P. D. Smith, and F. E. Stancil. 1984,
17p EPA/600/J-84/229
Pub. in Chemosphere 13, n12p1363-1377 1984.
The influence of hard water and soft water on the fate
and effects of pentachlorophenol (PCP) was investi-
gated in small microcosms. Minor differences in the
fate of PCP and minor changes in microcosm structure
were noted between the hard-and soft-water systems.
Definite differences between hard-water and soft-
water systems were detected in dissolved oxygen pro-
duction and dissolved silica concentration at an expo-
sure concentration of 4 mg 1 /1 PCP.
Keywords: "Calcium carbonate, "Pesticides, "Plank-
ton, "Water pollution, Oxygen, Magnesium, Dissolved
gases, Silica, Concentration(Composition), Nutrients,
alcium chloride, Magnesium sulfates, Alkalinity, Lab-
oratories, Test methods, Phenols, Chlorine organic
compounds, Degradation, Reprints, PCP, "Phenol/
pentachloro, "Microcosms, Hardness(Water),
'Softness(Water).
PB85-160448/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Photosensitized Transformations Involving Elec-
tronic Energy Transfer in Natural Waters: Role of
Humic Substances. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
R. G. Zepp, P. F. Schlotzhauer, and R. M. Sink. 1985,
10p
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technoloqv 19 n1
p74-81 1985.
Studies are reported of the kinetics of photosensitized
reactions involving the transfer of absorbed light
energy from humic substances to various trace organic
chemicals in water. The photoisomerization of 1,3-
pentadiene and the photooxygenation of 2,5-dimethyl-
furan were used to probe the nature and concentra-
tions of the excited species that mediate humus-sensi-
tized photoreactions of aquatic pollutants. Evidence is
presented that the photosensitized reactions of penta-
diene and dimethylfuran do not involve binding of the
chemicals by the humic substances. Kinetic results in-
dicate that the key steps in both photoreactions in-
volve the transfer of electronic energy from triplet
states of the humic substances. Up to half of these tri-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
plets are estimated to have energies of at least 250
kj/mol, sufficiently high to transfer energy to polycy-
clic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitroaromatic compounds,
conjugated dienes, and other types of chemicals.
Steady-state concentrations of the humus-derived tri-
plets are estimated to typically fall in the 10 to the -
15th power -10 to the -13th power M range in the
upper layers of sunlight-irradiated natural waters. The
concentrations are proportional to UV absorption coef-
ficients of the water. Action spectra for the photosensi-
tized reactions indicate that solar ultraviolet radiation is
most important in inducing the reactions. Results of
the study are used to estimate maximum rates of reac-
tions photosensitized by humic substances.
Keywords: 'Photochemical reactions, "Water pollu-
tion, 'Humus, "Reaction kinetics, Sunlight, Sampling,
Reprints.
PB85-160455/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Direct Mutagen Risk Assessment: The Develop-
ment of Methods to Measure Immunologic and
Genetic Responses to Mutagens,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.
G. H. S. Strauss. Jan 85,39p EPA/600/D-85/009
The review puts forward the concept of Direct Muta-
gen Risk Assessment through a discussion of the de-
velopment of methods with which to measure immuno-
logic and genetic responses to mutagens. Mutagenic-
ity risk assessment, in this context, is the study of
human somatic cell mutation occurring in vivo and is
considered with attention to ideal criteria for detection
of mutant cells. Immunotoxicity is addressed particu-
larly in terms of the possible carcinogenic conse-
quences of impaired cutaneous cell-mediated immuni-
ty. A section of this review reports the development
and the exploitation of the Strauss-Albertini test for
enumerating 6-thioquanine-resistant peripheral blood
lymphocyte variants. Another section presents results
from a system under development, designed to clone
and quantitate mutant lymphocytes taken directly from
the body. The Clonal Assay of Lymphocyte Mutagene-
sis (CALM) can confirm that variant cells are mutant
and, potentially, could be used comparatively to meas-
ure genotoxicity in human or animal lymphocytes after
in vivo or in vitro exposures to mutagens.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Risk assessments, Re-
sponses, "Mutagenesis, Immune response, Genetic
response.
PB85-160463/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Oxygen Requirements of Larvae of the Small-
mouth Bass, 'Micropterus dolomieui' Lacepede.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
W. A. Spoor. 1984, 8p EPA/600/J-84/215
Pub. in Jnl. of Fish Biology 25, p587-592 1984.
Smallmouth bass larvae became highly sensitive to
oxygen deficiency on the second day after hatching
and continued so to the 10th day. During this period
they could not survive exposure to 1 mg 02/1 for 3 h
at 20C, and many were killed within 1 h. At 2 mg 02/1
half the larvae survived 3 h at 20C; at 2.5 mg/1 most
survived, and at 3.5 mg/1 all survived. Resistance to
oxygen deficiency was regained by the 11th day, the
majority of the larvae withstanding a 3-h exposure at 1
mg 02/1. At 25C the effects of low oxygen concentra-
tion were intensified.
Keywords: "Bass, "Oxygen, "Larvae, "Water pollution,
Dissolved gases, Survival, Exposure, Temperature,
Mortality, Sensitivity, Reprints.
PBS5-160703/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Site-Specific Water Quality Studies of the Straight
River, Minnesota: Complex Effluent Toxicity, Zinc
Toxicity, and Biological Survey Relationships,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
A R. Carlson, and T. H. Roush. Jan 85,60p EPA/600/
3-85/005
Comparative laboratory toxicity tests using Ceriodaph-
nia reticulata and the fathead minnow Pimephales pro-
melas were conducted to establish relationships be-
tween the toxicity of a sewage treatment plant effluent
containing high concentrations of zinc, toxicity of the
effluent in the receiving water, toxicity of zinc added to
the receiving water and a reference water, and receiv-
ing water biota survey data. Water and biota were sam-
288 Vol. 90, No. 24
pled under summer (3 times), fall (once) and winter
(once) conditions over a one year period. The relation-
ships were used in evaluating the protectiveness of a
site-specific water quality criterion derived for zinc. A
strong correlation between the effluents toxicity to
daphnids was established, however, toxicity correla-
tion with adverse impact on river biota could not be es-
tablished.
Keywords: "Zinc, "Toxicity, "Minnows, "Sewage treat-
ment, Water pollution, Surveys, Summer, Winter,
Rivers, Environmental impacts, Daphnia, Abundance,
Sites, Tests, Autumn, "Ceriodaphnia reticulata, "Pime-
phales promelas, Water quality data.
PB85-160729	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Case-Control Study of Asbestos in Drinking Water
and Cancer Risk. Journal article,
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle,
WA.
L. Polissar, R. K. Severson, and E. S. Boatman. C1984,
19p EPA/600/J-84/054
Grant EPA-R-805846
Prepared in cooperation with Washington Univ., Seat-
tle. School of Public Health and Community Medicine.
Pub. in American Jnl. of Epidemiology 119, n3 p456-
471 1984.
The authors conducted a case-control, interview-
based study of the risk of developing cancer from as-
bestos in drinking water. The Everett, Washington,
area was selectedfor the study because of the unusu-
ally high concentration of chrysotile asbestos in the
drinking water it draws from the Sultan River. Through
a population-based tumor registry, the authors identi-
fied 382 individuals with cancer of the buccal cavity,
pharynx, respiratory system, digestive system, blad-
der, or kidney, diagnosed between 1977 and 1980,
and then interviewed them or their next-of-kin. The au-
thors conducted similar interviews of a control group of
462 individuals. Finally, interviews were validated in
several ways, including comparing the collected data
with that from secondary sources. Estimates of expo-
sure to asbestos in drinking water were based on resi-
dence and workplace history, and on individual water
consumption. Four different measures of exposure
were used. Cancer risk was estimated by logistic re-
gression and other methods. The authors found no
convincing evidence for cancer risk from imbibed as-
bestos.
Keywords: "Asbestos, "Potable water, "Toxicology,
"Malignant neoplasms, Risk, Reprints, Drinking water,
Cancer, Toxic substances.
PB85-160737/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Reactions of Chlorine in Drinking Water, with
Humlc Acids and 'In vivo',
Health Effects Research Lab , Cincinnati, OH.
F. C. Kopfler, H. P. Ringhand, W. E. Coleman, and J. R.
Meier. Jul 84, 27p EPA/600/D-84/196
The use of chlorine as a drinking water disinfectant is
known to produce a variety of chlorinated and oxidized
derivatives of organic matter present in the source
water. Humic substances, which represent the major
fraction of the organic matter in natural waters, have
been shown to give rise to numerous carcinogenic and
mutagenic substances upon chlorination. Attempts to
fully characterize and/or identify the mutagenic reac-
tion products were made using various isolation/con-
centration techniques in combination with GC/MS.
Halogenated aldehydes, acids, ketones, nitriles, al-
kenes, and aromatic compounds were identified. The
similarity of mutagenic compounds identified in chlorin-
ated drinking water and in chlorinated solutions of
commercial humic acid suggests that the reaction of
chlorine with natural aquatic humic material is a likely
source of mutagen formation in drinking water. While
much of the mutagenic activity could be extracted, at-
tempts to recover a significant portion of the activity
from gas chromatographic columns were unsuccess-
ful. Additional studies were conducted to determine
the potential for the in vivo formation of halogenated or
oxidized derivatives of endogenous organic material
resulting from the ingestion of residual chlorine in pota-
ble water. GC/MS analyses of extracts of stomach
contents and plasma, taken from fasted and non-
fasted Sprague-Dawley rats dosed with NaOCL by
gavage, demonstrated the in vivo formation of di- and
trichloroacetic acids. Chloroform was identified in the
stomach contents of the fasted and nonfasted animals
dosed with NaOCL but was not detected in the control
groups.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Humic acids, "In vivo
analysis, "Chlorine, "Water analysis, Disinfectants,
Chlorination, Mutagens, Gas chromatography, Chemi-
cal reactions, Humus, Toxicology, Mass spectroscopy,
Laboratory animals, Water pollution. Byproducts,
"Water pollution detection.
PB85-160745/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
U.S./Canada Aquatic Impacts Assessment: Inte-
gration of Experimental Studies, Monitoring and
Modeling of Acidic Deposition Effects,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
0. L. Loucks, and G. E. Glass. Jan 85, 25p" EPA/600/
D-85/029
Supersedes PB84-201649. Prepared in cooperation
with Institute of Ecology, Indianapolis, IN.
Assessments of pollutant effects on living organisms
usually have used dose-response relationships
(models) based on data for one pollutant and one spe-
cies at a time, for a relatively short period of exposure,
under relatively controlled conditions. For the assess-
ment planned under the 1980 U.S./Canada Memoran-
dum of Intent on long-distance pollutants a work group
was established specifically to evaluate effects from
the apparent elevated levels of pollutants transported
long distances. This paper reports on the use of both
qualitative comprehensive models and quantitative
empirical models as methodologies for the Aquatic Im-
pacts Assessment process in Phases I and II of that
study.
Keywords: "Ecology, "Acidity, 'Aquatic animals,
'Water pollution. Assessments, Dosage, Exposure,
Mathematical models, United States, Canada.
PB85-160810	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
Stream Productivity Analysis with DORM (Dis-
solved Oxygen Routing Model) - 2: Parameter Es-
timation and Sensitivity. Journal article,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Dept. of Civil and Mining
Engineering.
J. S. Gulliver, and H. G. Stefan, C1984,14p EPA/600/
J-84/205
Grant EPA-R-804736
See also PB85-160828, and PB85-160836.
Pub. in Water Research 18, n12 p1577-1588 1984.
The dissolved oxygen routing model DORM, which de-
termines productivity and respiration of a stream bio-
logical community, requires in addition to stream ge-
ometry and stream flow, parameter values for reaera-
tion coefficients and temperature and dissolved
oxygen (DO) limitations on respiration. Illustrated are
the methods used to obtain numerical values in a field
study at the U.S. EPA Monticello Ecological Research
Station. The calculated community productivity and
respiration rates are sensitive to certain input param-
eters and assumptions. Among the many parameters
needed, hydraulic residence time and reaeration coef-
ficients should be determined with utmost care. Other
sensitivity tests included temperature effects, half-
saturation values and longitudinal dispersion. (Copy-
right (c) 1984 Pergamon Press Ltd.)
Keywords: "Oxygen, "Biological productivity,
"Streams, Dissolved gases, Mathematical models,
Aeration, Temperature, Dispersing, Respiration,
Rates(Per time), Reprints.
PB85-160828	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.,-Duluth, MN.
Stream Productivity Analysis with DORM (Dis-
solved Oxygen Routing Model) - 1: Development
of Computational Model. Journal article,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Dept. of Civil and Mining
Engineering.
J. S. Gulliver, and H. G. Stefan. C1984,11p EPA/600/
J-84/204
Grant EPA-R-804736
See also PB85-160810.
Pub. in Water Research 18, n12 p1569-1576 1984.
A numerical dissolved oxygen routing model (DORM)
is developed to determine total stream community
photosynthesis (P) and community respiration rates
(R) through iterative routing of two-station diel DO
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
dures for diel curve productivity analysis; it uses the
complete stream DO transport equation, including lon-
gitudinal dispersion, dependence of respiratory rate on
water temperature and dissolved oxygen and wind de-
pendent oxygen transfer through the water surface.
The model, DORM, is more accurate than the tradition-
al graphical procedures and dield curve and is simple
to apply. (Copyright (c) 1984 Pergamon Press Ltd.)
Keywords: "Oxygen, "Dissolved gases, 'Biological
productivity, "Streams, Mathematical models, Diurnal
variations, Respiration, Dispersing, Measurement,
Channels(Waterways), Rivers, Routing, Temperature,
Wind(Meteorology), Reprints, "DORM model.
PB85-160836	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.,-Duluth, MN.
Stream Productivity Analysis with DORM (Dis-
solved Oxygen Routing Model) - 3: Productivity of
Experimental Streams. Journal article,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Dept. of Civil and Mining
Engineering.
J. S. Gulliver, and H. G. Stefan. C1984,10p EPA/600/
J-84/206
Grant EPA-R-804736
See also PB85-160810.
Pub. in Water Research 18, n12 p1589-1595 1984.
Thirty-two two-station diel dissolved oxygen surveys
were made in the experimental streams of the U.S.
EPA Monticello Ecological Research Station. The data
were analyzed by a numerical Dissolved Oxygen Rout-
ing Model (DORM) to determine total community respi-
ratory and photosynthetic rates. The artificial channels
consisted of pools and riffles and had pH of 8.0, 6.3
and 5.4. Community photosynthetic production and
respiration ranged from highs of 14.8 and 10.7/sq gm
1 day to lows of 1.5. (Copyright (c) 1984 Pergamon
Press Ltd.)
Keywords: "Oxygen, "Biological productivity,
"Streams, Surveys, Dissolved gases, Mathematical
models, Respiration, Photosynthesis, Plants(Botany),
Reprints, "DORM model.
PB85-160844	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Papillomas on Fish Exposed to Chlorinated
Wastewater Effluent. Journal article,
Auburn Univ., AL.
J. M. Grizzle, P. Melius, and D. R. Strength. c1984,12p
EPA/600/J-84/197
Pub. in Jnl. National Cancer Institute 73, n5 p1133-
1142 Nov 84.
The presence of carcinogenic and mutagenic
chamical(s) in the effluent of a wastewater treatment
plant was indicated by papillomas developing on
caged black bullheads (Ictaluraus melas), hepatic
enzyme induction in exposed fish, and Ames test mu-
tagenicity of organic extracts of the wastewater. Al-
though virus-like particles have been reported in papil-
lomas of several other fish species, no evidence was
obtained for the presence of viruses in the black bull-
head papillomas. Mutagenic and carcinogenic chemi-
cals were not Identified in the wastewater, but chlorina-
tion was implicated as a factor contributing to the in-
duction of the papillomas.
Keywords: "Carcinogens, "Animal diseases, "Fishes,
"Chlorination, "Water pollution, Organic chemicals,
Mutagens, Waste water, Exposure, Residues, Reduc-
tion, Cells(Biology), Electron microscopy. Reprints,
"Ictaluraus melas, Papillomas.
PB85-160851	Not available NTIS
Matrix Materials for Diffuse Reflectance Fourier
Transform Infrared Spectrometry of Substances
In Polar Solvents. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
J. M. Brackett, L. V. Azarraga, M. A. Castles, and L. B.
Rogers. c1984, 6p EPA/600/J-84/225
Prepared in cooperation with Georgia Univ., Athens.
Dept. of Chemistry.
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry 56, n12 p2007-2010 1984.
Calcium floride, magnesium fluoride, sulfur, silver bro-
mide, silver chloride, and five different particle sizes of
diamond powder were studied for use as matrix materi-
als for diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared
spectrometry. Potassium chloride was used as a refer-
ence because of its extensive use as a diffuse reflec-
tance material. The relative diffuse reflectance of each
test material was studied and the S/N of the diffuse re-
flectance spectrum of m-nitroaniline deposited on
each test material was calculated and compared. Six
micrometer particle size diamond powder was found to
be the optimum material of the ones studied.
Keywords: "Infrared spectroscopy, "Chemical analy-
sis, "Environmental surveys, Solvents, Particle size,
Diffusion, Reprints, "Fourier transform spectroscopy,
"Matrix isolation techniques, "Diffuse reflectance in-
frared Fourier transform spectroscopy.
PB85-160869	Not available NTIS
Observations of the Energy Spectrum In the Mid-
Infrared Region at Ambient Temperatures. Journal
article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
L. V. Azarraga, J. M. Brackett, M. A. Castles, and L. B.
Rogers. C1984,6p EPA/600/J-84/224
Prepared in cooperation with Georgia Univ., Athens.
Dept. of Chemistry.
Pub. in Applied Spectroscopy 38, n5 p674-677 1984.
A technique for the obtaining of the energy signal and,
thus, the IR spectra is described. The technique is
simple and sensitive and allows the observation of
high frequency vibrational bands. The technique uses
a silver bromide disc as a sample holder set in a diffuse
reflectance attachment. Spectra of o-nitroaniline 1-
tetra-decanol and copper phthalocyanine green are
presented. Possible applications of the technique in-
clude compound identification and FT-IR analysis of
HPLC effluent.
Keywords: "Infrared spectroscopy, "Temperatures,
"Chemical analysis, "Environmental surveys, Reprints,
Fourier transform spectroscopy, High performance
liquid chromatography, Aniline/nitro, Tetradecanol,
Copper/phthalocyaninato.
PB85-160877	Not available NTIS
Transport and Fate of Diethyl Phthalate in Aquatic
Ecosystems. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
D. L. Lewis, H. W. Holm, H. P. Kollig, and T. L. Hall.
C1984,11p EPA/600/J-84/223
Prepared in cooperation with Technology Applications,
Inc., Athens, GA.
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 3, n2
p223-231 1984.
Sorption, alkaline hydrolysis, photolysis and microbial
transformation of diethyl phthalate (DEP) were studied
in a large laboratory aquatic ecosystem composed of a
series of reactor tanks. Microbial transformation ac-
counted for 95 to 99% of the rapid loss of DEP from
water. First-order rate coefficients for the loss of DEP,
except in reactor tanks depleted of inorganic nutrients,
were statistically constant among diverse chemical
and microbial environments, suggesting a constant
transformation rate per unit of colonized surface area.
The diversities of reactor tank environments were sub-
stantiated by large ranges in the dissolved organic
carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, chlorophyll, ATP and
biomass measurements. Microbial transformation of
DEP resulted specifically from bacterial activity, most
of which was associated with aquatic microbial growth
(aufwuchs) attached to submerged surfaces or sus-
pended in streamers or mats.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Toxicology, "Reaction
kinetics, Ecology, Hydrolysis, Photolysis, Sorption,
Microorganisms, Reprints, "Phthalic acid/(Diethyl-
ester), "Ecosystems, "Path of pollutants.
PB85-160885	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Dibutylphthalate Degradation In Estuarlne and
Freshwater Sites. Journal article,
Gulf Coast Research Lab., Ocean Springs, MS.
W. W. Walker, C. R. Cripe, P. H. Pritchard, and A. W.
Bourquin. C1984,14p EPA/600/J-B4/219
Pub. in Chemosphere 13, n12 p1283-1294 Dec 84.
Biotic and abiotic degradation of di-n-butylphthalate
(DBP) in water and sediment/water systems from six
different sites was investigated under laboratory condi-
tions. Water and underlying sediment were collected
from freshwater and estuarine sites in Florida, Missis-
sippi, and Louisiana, amended with DBP, and incubat-
ed under conditions of constant temperature and pH.
Formalin-sterilized systems from each site were in-
cluded to evaluate abiotic degradation. DBP disap-
pearance was rapid in all microbially active systems
and substantially reduced in the presence of formalin.
In biologically-active systems actual time to half the
starting concentration ranged from 1.0 to 4.8 days in
sediment/water mixtures and from 1.7 to 13.1 days in
water alone. Adaptation of microbial populations to de-
grade DBP was indicated in six of the nine evaluations
conducted. The presence of sediment significantly in-
creased biodegradation rates in five of the six sites.
Keywords: "Biodeterioration, "Fresh water, "Estuar-
ines, "Water analysis, Sites, Sampling, Sediments, pH,
Water pollution, Concentration(Composition), Reac-
tion kinetics, Reprints, "Phthalic acid/(dibutyl-ester),
"Water pollution detection, "Water pollution sampling.
PB85-160893/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Enhanced Spectrum Matching of Mixed Mass
Spectra by Means of Quality Factors. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
W. M. Shackelford, and D. M. Cline. 1984,8p EPA/
600/J-84/222
Pub. in Analytica Chimica Acta 164, p251-256 Oct 84.
A system of computer programs for recognizing inpure
or mixed spectra was assembled that provided auto-
matic subtraction of reference mass spectra from a
mixed spectrum. The software was 99% successful in
recognizing pure spectra for the cases tested. Sub-
tractions were done on mixed spectra in 70% of the
cases tested. Spectrum subtraction enhanced the abil-
ity of the matching program to match components of a
multicomponent mixture correctly, whereas quality fac-
tors were a great aid in the evaluation of the overall
match validity.
Keywords: "Mass spectroscopy, "Environmental sur-
veys, Chemical analysis, Performance evaluation, Re-
prints.
PB85-181222/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Combustor Study of the Deactivation of a Three-
Way Catalyst by Lead and Manganese,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. Duncan, and J. N. Braddock. Jan 85,12p EPA/600/
D-85/006
Contract EPA-68-02-2566
The activity and durability of a platinum-rhodium auto-
motive three-way catalyst were investigated as a func-
tion of lead and manganese fuel levels using a pulse-
flame combustor. Total hydrocarbons, carbon monox-
ide, and nitric oxide conversions and three-way (HC/
CO/NO) conversion efficiency windows were deter-
mined for approximately 24,000 combustor-simulated
miles. The window for 80% HC/CO/NO efficiency dis-
appeared at approximately 9,000 miles, 13,500 miles,
and 4,500 miles for 0.5 g of lead per gallon of fuel,
0.0625 g of manganese per gallon of fuel, and a com-
bined manganese and lead misfueling study, respec-
tively. The catalyst's nitric oxide reduction activity dis-
played the greatest sensitivity to catalytic poisoning
with both lead and manganese fuels.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), "Manganese, "Air pollution
control equipment, Nitrogen oxide(NO), Carbon mon-
oxide, Hydrocarbons, "Catalytic reactors(Exhaust sys-
tems), Misfueling.
PB85-161230/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Sulfur Deposition Modeling with the NAPAP Emis-
sion Inventory,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
T. L. Clark. Jan 85,8p EPA/600/D-85/013
Version 2.0 of the 1980 NAPAP S02 emissions inven-
tory has been selected for use in the International
Sulfur Deposition Model Evaluation (ISDME). Appropri-
ate emissions data from this inventory have been proc-
essed to create model input files to be used directly by
Lagrangian/Eulerian ISDME regional-scale sulfur dep-
osition models. This paper identifies the NAPAP emis-
sions inventory elements useful to these models and
summarizes the emissions data processing proce-
dures.
Keywords: "Sulfur, "Air pollution, "Mathematical
models, Emissions inventories.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB85-161248/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Biological Influences of Low-Frequency Sinusoi-
dal Electromagnetic Signals Alone and Superim-
posed on RF Carrier Waves,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. F. Blackman. Jan 85, 19p EPA/600/D-85-010
The report describes in a historical context the experi-
ments that have been performed to examine the bio-
logical responses caused by exposure to low frequen-
cy electromagnetic radiation directly or as modulation
of RF carrier waves. A detailed review is provided of
the independently-replicated fundamental finding, the
field enhanced efflux of calcium ions from brain tissue
in vitro, as well as reports of CNS-related changes
caused in synaptosome preparations, neuroblastoma
cell cultures and intact whole animals. Studies per-
formed with non-CNS tissue that have shown positive
results caused by exposure to these electromagnetic
fields are also reviewed. They include work with pan-
creatic tissue slices and lymphocytes. Recent results
demonstrating the influence of the earth's magnetic
field are also discussed, along with their implications
for the design of future experiments. Lastly, the mech-
anism of action is conceptionalized, and recommenda-
tions are made to assist in attempts to correlate the re-
sults obtained with diverse biological systems.
Keywords: 'Electromagnetic radiation, Exposure, Re-
sponses, Low frequencies, Biological responses.
PB85-161255/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Dynamometer Simulation of Truck and Bus Road
Horsepower for Transient Emissions Evaluations,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
C. M. Urban. Jan 85,20p EPA/600/D-85/011
Contract EPA-68-02-3722
The relationship between engine power and speed as-
sociated with vehicle operation on a roadway (speed-
power relationship) was developed for two truck trac-
tor-trailers and one city bus. Results of these determi-
nations, along with data reported in the literature, were
used to determine the power to be absorbed by a
chassis dynamometer to simulate on-road driving of
trucks and buses. The chassis dynamometer simula-
tions are being used in tests to characterize emissions
from heavy-duty vehicles.
Keywords: "Exhaust emissions, "Trucks, "Buses,
"Dynamometers, "Air pollution, Power measurement,
Absorption, Speed, "Heavy duty vehicles.
PB85-161263/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Measurements of Polycycllc Aromatic Com-
pounds in the Cylinder of an Operating Diesel
Engine,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis.
D. B. Kittelson, C. J. Du, and R. B. Zweidinger. Jan 85.
16p EPA/600/D-85/012
Grant EPA-R-810287
A unique system which allows sampling of the entire
contents of one of the cylinders of a 5.7-liter V-8 indi-
rect-injection diesel engine has been developed. An
explosively actuated cutter ruptures a diaphragm in the
combustion chamber and allows the contents of the
cylinder to rush out and be subsequently diluted and
quenched with cool nitrogen. Particles are collected
with a high-volume impactor/filter system. This system
has been used to collect a series of particle samples at
crankangles ranging from 5 to 40 degrees after top
dead center. Particle samples from the exhaust were
also obtained. The samples have been extracted to
determine the soluble organic fraction. These extracts
have been analyzed for five polycyclic aromatic com-
pounds: pyrene, fluoranthene, benz(a)pyrene,
benz(k)fluoranthene, and 1-nitropyrene. The results in-
dicate significant removal of the first four between the
combustion chamber and the exhaust manifold. The 1-
nitropyrene behaves differently, however, with higher
concentrations in the exhaust samples than in the cyl-
inder samples. This suggests that 1-nitropyrene is
formed during the expansion stroke and/or in the ex-
haust manifold.
Keywords: "Aromatic polycyclic compounds, "Exhaust
emissions, "Particles, Sampling, Air pollution, Experi-
mental design, Design criteria, Chemical analysis,
290 Vol. 90, No. 24
Concentration(Composition), "Diesel engine exhaust,
"Air pollution sampling, "Air pollution detection, Proce-
dures.
PB85-161347	Not available NTIS
Some Effects of the Formamidine Pesticide Chlor-
dimeform on the Behavior of Mice. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. R. Landauer, W. T. Tomlinson, R. L. Balster, and R.
C. MacPhail. C1984,11 p EPA/600/J-84/210
Pub. in NeuroToxicology 5, n2 p91-100 1984.
Three experiments were performed to determine the
behavioral effects of acutely administered chlordime-
form (1-56 mg/kg, i.p.) to male mice. In Experiment I,
dosages of 30 and 56 mg/kg decreased the amount of
time spent investigating a female conspecific. In Ex-
periment II, large dosages of chlordimeform (30 and 56
mg/kg) decreased vertically directed activity (rearing)
to a proportionately greater extent than horizontally di-
rected activity (ambulation). In Experiment III, chlordi-
meform produced conditioned flavor aversions that
were intermediate at 10 mg/kg and maximal at 30 mg/
kg. In an additional experiment (Experiment IV), the
LD50 for chlordimeform was determined to be 95.6
mg/kg. Behavioral effects were thus obtained at dos-
ages that were approximately 10 to 30% of the LD50.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxicology, "Behavior, Physi-
ological effects. Mice, Laboratory animals. Reprints,
"Chlordimeform, Neurotoxicity.
PB85-161354	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Economic Impact of Kidney Stones in White Male
Adults. Journal article,
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Statistics.
J. Shuster, and R. L. Scheaffer. C1984, 7p EPA/600/J-
84/211
Contract EPA-68-03-3143, Grant EPA-R-804530
Pub. in Urology 24, n4 p327-331 Oct 84.
A large survey of patients hospitalized for kidney
stones in the Carolinas and the Rocky Mountains
states yielded information that can be translated into
conservative estimates of cost of this disease. Hospi-
tal costs were estimated by considering number of sur-
geries, the approximate cost of various types of sur-
gery, number of days hospitalized, and room rates.
Work force costs were estimated from information on
work days lost and income categories. Estimated re-
currence rates for this disease are used to approxi-
mate the total cost, due to stones, for the next year for
a current stone case.
Keywords: "Economic impact, "Urologic diseases,
Males, Reprints, "Health care costs, "Kidney stones.
PB85-161362	Not available NTIS
Tin Distribution in Adult Rat Tissues after Expo-
sure to Trimethyltln and Trlethyltin. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. L. Cook, K. E. Stine, and L. W. Reiter. C1984, 7p
EPA/600/J-84/213
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 76, n2
P344-348 1984.
The time course of distribution of tin in the adult rat
was determined in brain, liver kidney, heart, and blood
following single ip administrations of trimethyltin hy-
droxide (TMT) and triethyltin bromide (TET). Adult
Long-Evans rats were killed 1 hr, 4 hr, 12 hr, 24 hr, 5
days, 10 days, or 22 days following injection of TMT
and TET (N=6/time), and tissues were analyzed for
total tin by atomic absorbance spectroscopy. TET ex-
posure resulted in higher tin levels in brain, liver and
kidney tissues, while the two trialkyltins resulted in ap-
proximately equal tin levels in the heart and blood.
Rates of elimination of tin (expressed as elimination
rate constants, Kel) were greater in all tissues follow-
ing TET exposure than following TMT exposure. The
concentration of tin in the brain 12 hr after TMT expo-
sure was 4.4, 8.5, and 12.7 ng tin/mg protein for dos-
ages of 3.0, 6.0, and 9.0 mg/kg, respectively. Tin was
evenly distributed across the cerebellum, medula-
pons, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and striatum fol-
lowing TMT exposure.
Keywords: "Tin, "Toxicology, Exposure, Rats,
Tissues(Biology), Distribution, Reprints, "Heavy
metals, Tin/trimethyl, Tin/triethyl.
PB85-161370/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
Mammalian Cell Culture Assay to Quantitate
Chemically Induced Aneuploidy: Use of a Mon-
ochromosomal Human/Mouse Cell Hybrid,
New Jersey Medical School, Newark. Dept. of Microbi-
ology.
R. S. Athwal, and S. S. Sandhu. Feb 85,24p EPA/600/
D-85/019
A short-term assay utilizing a human/mouse monoch-
romosomal hybrid cell line R3-5, to detect chemically
induced aneuploidy in mammalian cells is described. A
single human chromosome transferred into mouse
cells was used as a cytogenetic marker to quantitate
abnormal chromosome segregation following chemi-
cal treatment. The human chromosome present in the
mouse cells can be readily identified by differential
staining procedures. The frequency of cells containing
0 or 2 human chromosomes in the progeny of chemi-
cally-treated monochromosomal hybrid cells provided
a direct measure of aneuploidy. We tested the sensitiv-
ity of the proposed system with three model chemicals
(Colcemid, cyclophosphamide and benomyl) known to
induce numerical or structural changes in chromo-
somes. The frequency of an abnormal segregation of
the human chromosome was found to be dose de-
pendent and consistently higher than controls. This
system has the capability to detect gain as well as loss
of a chromosome resulting from nondisjunction or
other mechanisms leading to aneuploidy.
Keywords: Assays, Cell cultures, Mammals, Humans,
Mice, "Cell lines, "Aneuploidy, Cytogenetics.
PB85-161388/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Target Organ Effects of Disinfectants and Their
By-Products,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. W. Condie, and J. P. Bercz. Feb 85,23p EPA/600/
D-85/025
The paper summarizes toxicological research con-
ducted with chlorine dioxide and with chlorinated
humic acids. Chlorine dioxide exposure decreases
serum thyroxide levels in monkeys by possibly altering
the uptake, distribution and excretion of iodine which is
utilized for thyroxine synthesis. A 90-day subchronic
study was conducted with chlorinated and non-chlorin-
ated humic acids with rats. The most significant finding
was the increased incidence and severity of hematuria
in the chlorinated humic acid group (1.0 g/1 chlorinat-
ed humic acid).
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Disinfectants, Exposure,
Monkeys, Laboratory animals, Chlorine dioxide, Chlor-
inated humic acids.
PB85-161396/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Neurobehavioral Consequences of Postnatal Ex-
posure to Toxicants,
Health. Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
P. H. Ruppert. Feb 85, 55p EPA/600/D-85/022
Behavioral teratology is the study of the functional
consequences of exposure to toxicants during the
period of nervous system development. These agents
include therapeutic drugs, food additives, hormones,
alcohol, drugs of abuse, heavy metals, pesticides, sol-
vents, and x-irradiation. 'Birth defects of the mind'
(Kolata, 1978) have become a matter of public con-
cern as more becomes known about adverse effects
of chemicals in our environment (Spyker, 1975) as well
as adverse effects of drugs to which pregnant women
and infants are exposed (Hutchings, 1978: Barlow
1982).
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Nervous system, Exposure
Physiological effects, Drugs, Food additives, Hor-
mones, Alcohols, X-rays, Solvents, Pesticides, "Tera-
togenesis.
PB85-161537	Not available NTIS
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Comparative Toxicity of Offshore and Oil-Added
Drilling Muds to Larvae of the Grass Shrimp 'Pa-
laemonetes intermedius'. Journal article,
University of West Florida, Pensacola. Dept. of Biol-
ogy.
P. J. Conklin, and K. R. Rao. c1984,8p EPA/600/J-
84/189
Grant EPA-R-807417
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 13, p685-690 Nov 84.
Offshore drilling fluids (muds) varied widely in their tox-
icity to grass shrimp (Palaemonetes intermedius)
larvae. The 96-hr LC50S for the eleven drilling muds
tested ranged from 142 to > 100,000 ppm (microliters/
L). There was a significant correlation between oil con-
tent of the drilling muds and their toxicity. Furthermore,
addition of diesel oil (No. 2 fuel oil) or mineral oil to an
offshore drilling mud have a low oil content or to an oil-
free synthetic drilling mud led to a marked increase in
the toxicity of these muds. Thus, much of the toxicity of
the offshore drilling muds tested can be attributable to
the oil content.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Drilling fluids, Shrimps,
Larvae, Lethal concentration, Oils, Reprints, "Water
pollution effects(Animals), Palaemonetes intermedius.
PB85-161545	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Thermotolerant Non-fecal Source 'Klebsiella
pneumoniae': Validity of the Fecal Collform Test
in Recreational Waters. Journal article,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Inst, for Environmental
Studies.
N. R. Caplenas, and M. S. Kanarek. c1984, 5p EPA/
600/J-84/192
Grant EPA-C-3043NAEX
Pub. in American Jnl. of Public Health 74, n11 p1273-
1275 Nov 84.
Wisconsin pulp and paper mill processing plants were
evaluated for fecal coliform and total Klebsiella (i.e.,
thermotolerant and thermointolerant) bacterial con-
centrations. Using the standard fecal coliform test, up
to 90 per cent of non-fecal source thermo-tolerant K.
pneumoniae was falsely identified as fecal source bac-
teria. Since there is a lack of specificity in the currently
used standard for fecal coliform evaluation, a more re-
liable health risk assessment for fecal coliform bacte-
ria is recommended.
Keywords: "Bacteria, "Coliform bacteria. Reprints,
Klebsiella pneumoniae, 'Water pollution detection.
PB85-161552/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparison of Procedures to Determine Adsorp-
tion Capacity of Volatile Organic Compounds on
Activated Carbon,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. J. Miltner, and 0. T. Love. Feb 85,16p EPA/600/D-
85/030
Numerous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are
under regulatory consideration for inclusion in the Na-
tional Primary Drinking Water Standards. Adsorption is
a cost-effective treatment technology for control of
VOCs. Adsorption capacities were determined for fif-
teen VOCs in distilled and field waters using different
procedures. A macroisotherm procedure, testing 100
gallons of water, was compared with a bottle isotherm
procedure, testing 250 mL of water. While procedures
were comparable, conventional bottle procedures
were better suited to water utility laboratories. Scale
was found to have no significant effect on adsorption
capacity.
Keywords: "Water treatment, "Water analysis, Adsorp-
tion, Potable water, Comparison, Performance evalua-
tion, "Volatile organic compounds, "Activated carbon
treatment, "Water pollution detection, Procedures.
PB85-161560/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Predicting Biotransformations In the Subsurface:
Relationship between the ATP (Adenosine tri-
phosphate) Content of Subsurface Material and
the Capacity of Subsurface Organisms to De-
Srade Toluene,
obert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
J. Wilson, G. Miller, W. C. Ghiorse, and F. Leach. Feb
85, 9p EPA/600/D-85/028
Prepared in cooperation with Oklahoma Univ.,
Norman, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY., and Oklahoma
State Univ., Stillwater.
Deeper subsurface material was collected in a manner
that prevented contamination by surface microorga-
nisms. This material was analyzed for ATP content,
and for its capacity to degrade toluene, a common or-
ganic contaminant of ground water originating from re-
lease of petroleum products. In material from a pristine
site near Lula, OK where the permanent water table
was at 4m the ATP content of material from 1.5, 2.9,
and 4.6m was 1.2,1.1, and 0.14 micrograms/g respec-
tively. Material from all three depths degraded toluene
rapidly. Material from just below the water table at
7.5m at a near-pristine site in Conroe, TX, had an ATP
content of only 0.017 mg/g, and could not degrade tol-
uene. All four samples had essentially the same
number of cells as determined by Acridine Orange
Direct Count. Studies are in progress to determine
whether deeper material from the Lula site with a low
ATP content (0.03 micrograms/g) can degrade tolu-
ene in order to determine if ATP is a candidate index-
compound to predict active biotransformation of indus-
trial contaminants.
Keywords: "Microorganisms, "Water pollution,
"Ground water, "Hazardous materials, Industrial
wastes, Petroleum products, Toluene, Samples, Bio-
deterioration, Hydrocarbons, Metabolism, Solid waste
disposal, Earth fills, "Biological indicators, "Chemical
spills, "Adenosine triphosphate, Liquid waste disposal,
Biotransformation.
PB85-161578/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Analytical Methods for Determination of POHC
(Principal Organic Hazardous Constituents) in
Combustion Products, Rept. for Jun 83-Feb 84,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
R. E. Adams, R. H. James, L. A. Burford, H. C. Miller,
and L. D. Johnson. Feb 85,31 p EPA/600/M-85/006
Contract EPA-68-02-3696
The paper gives an overview of generalized analytical
procedures for determining designated principal or-
ganic hazardous constituents (POHCs) in combustion
products; it also gives some examples of the tech-
niques used for compounds such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlor-
odibenzodioxin, selenourea, and several organo-ar-
senicals. Emissions from hazardous-waste combus-
tion must be monitored to determine the destruction
removal efficiency (DRE) for each designated POHC.
Analytical methods for more than 150 POHCs have
been reviewed. A generalized HRGC/LRMS method
to determine volatile, thermally stable POHCs has
been developed. A method based on HPLC with UV
detection has also been developed to provide an alter-
native for determining nonvolatile or thermally labile
compounds. The generalized methods are applicable
to many compounds, but specific POHCs may require
variations in GC/MS or HPLC procedures. Inclusion in
the paper does not mean that the sampling or analysis
method is an official EPA method. Official test meth-
ods for hazardous waste related programs are pub-
lished in SW-846, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid
Waste, as well as in the Federal Register.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Gas analysis, Com-
bustion products. Industrial wastes. Sampling, Per-
formance evaluation, Gas chromatography. Mass
spectroscopy, Chemical analysis, Air pollution, "Princi-
pal organic hazardous constituents, "Air pollution de-
tection, "Solid wastes, High performance liquid chro-
matography, Dibenzodioxin/tetrachloro.
PB85-161602/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC, Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Outdoor Chamber Study to Test Multi-Day Ef-
fects. Volume 3. Documentation for Computer-
Readable Environmental Chamber Data. Final rept.
Aug 82-Aug 84,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
oaor^h HflntAf
W. P. L. Carter, M. C. Dodd, W. D. Long, and R.
Atkinson. Dec 84, 21 p EPA/DF-85/004C,, EPA/600/
3-84/115C
For system on magnetic tape, see PB85-161636. See
also PB85-161610.
The smog chamber facilities of the University of Cali-
fornia, Riverside were used to collect experimental
data to assess the effects of multi-day irradiations on
photochemical oxidant formation. This volume in-
cludes documentation on the computer-readable mag-
netic tape that contains all the data collected in the
study. The tape is suitable for use by modelers to de-
velop and test kinetic mechanisms of photochemical
smog formation.
Keywords: "Test chambers, "Smog, "Reaction kinet-
ics, "Photochemical reactions, "Air pollution, Assess-
ments, Experimental design, "Chemical reaction
mechanisms, "Atmospheric chemistry.
PB85-161610/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Outdoor Chamber Study to Test Multi-Day Ef-
fects. Volume 2. Environmental Chamber Data
Tabulations. Final rept. Aug 82-Aug 84,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
W. P. L. Carter, M. C. Dodd, W. D. Long, and R.
Atkinson. Dec 84, 691 p EPA/DF-85/004B,, EPA/
600/3-84/115B
For system on magnetic tape, see PB85-161636. See
also PB85-161628, and PB85-161602.
The smog chamber facilities of the University of Cali-
fornia, Riverside were used to collect experimental
data to assess the effects of multi-day irradiations on
photochemical oxidant formation. This volume con-
tains the printouts of all the data that were collected in
the study. These data are suitable for use in develop-
ing and testing kinetic mechanisms of photochemical
smog formation.
Keywords: "Test chambers, "Smog, "Reaction kinet-
ics, "Photochemical reactions, "Air pollution, Assess-
ments, Experimental design, Tables(Data), "Chemical
reaction mechanisms, "Atmospheric chemistry.
PB85-161628/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Outdoor Chamber Study to Test Multi-Day Ef-
fects. Volume 1. Results and Discussion. Final
rept. Aug 82-Aug 84,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
W. P. L. Carter, M. C. Dodd, W. D. Long, and R.
Atkinson. Dec 84,129p EPA/DF-85/004A,, EPA/
600/3-84/115A
For system on magnetic tape, see PB85-161636. See
also PB85-161610.
The smog chamber facilities of the University of Cali-
fornia, Riverside were used to collect experimental
data to assess the effects of multi-day irradiations on
photochemical oxidant formation. Two chambers were
used during this program: a 6,400-1 indoor Teflon
chamber with blacklight irradiation and a 50,000-1 dual-
mode outdoor Teflon chamber that used natural sun-
light as the light source. A total of 28 indoor and 55
outdoor chamber experiments were completed in this
study. In this volume, the experimental facility, meth-
ods of procedure and analytical techniques are de-
scribed and the results are summarized and dis-
cussed. The data obtained are suitable for use in de-
veloping and testing kinetic mechanisms of photo-
chemical smog formation.
Keywords: "Test chambers, "Smog, "Reaction kinet-
ics, "Photochemical reactions, "Air pollution, Assess-
ments, Experimental design, Tables(Data), "Chemical
reaction mechanisms, "Atmospheric chemistry.
PB85-161636/HSU	CP T02
Outdoor Chamber Study to Test Multi-Day Ef-
fects: Computer-Readable Environmental Cham-
ber Data. Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
M. C. Dodge, and W. P. L. Carter. Nov 84, mag tape
EPA/600/3-84/115D, EPA/DF-85/004
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products if you nave questions. Price
includes documentation, PB85-161628, PB85-161610,
and PB85-161602.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The smog chamber facilities of the University of Cali-
fornia, Riverside were used to collect experimental
data to assess the effects of multi-day irradiation on
photochemical oxidant formation. Two chambers were
used during this program: a 6,400-liter indoor Teflon
chamber with blacklight irradiation and a 50,000-liter
dual-mode outdoor Teflon chamber that used natural
sunlight as the light source. A total of 28 indoor and 55
outdoor chamber experiments were completed during
this study. All data obtained in the study are stored on
the computer magnetic tape and are suitable for use in
developing and testing kinetic mechanisms of photo-
chemical smog formation.
Keywords: 'Data file, "Test chambers, 'Smog, "Reac-
tion kinetics, "Photochemical reactions, "Air pollution,
Magnetic tapes, Experimental design, Assessments,
"Chemical reaction mechanisms, "Atmospheric chem-
istry.
PB85-161644/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Estimation of Small System Water Treatment
Costs. Final rept.,
Culp/Wesner/Culp, Santa Ana, CA.
R. C. Gumerman, B. E. Burris, and S. P. Hansen. Nov
84, 601p EPA/DF-85/003A ,, EPA/600/2-84/ 184A
Contract EPA-68-03-3093
For system on magnetic tape, see PB85-16f651.
This report presents cost data for unit processes that
are capable of removing contaminants included in the
National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations.
Construction and operation and maintenance cost
data are presented for 45 centralized treatment unit
processes that are considered to be especially appli-
cable to contaminant removal or to the treatment and
disposal of sludges or brines produced by the treat-
ment processes. These cost data are applicable to
flows up to 3,785 cu m/day (1 mgd). Cost data are also
presented for five point-of-use treatment techniques.
Construction and operation and maintenance costs
are presented versus the most appropriate design pa-
rameter for the process. Construction costs were de-
veloped by summing the cost of eight individual cate-
gories: excavation and sitework; manufactured equip-
ment; concrete; steel; installation labor; pipe and
valves; electrical and instrumentation; and housing.
Operation and maintenance requirements were deter-
mined individually for three categories: energy (build-
ing and process); maintenance material; and labor. All
costs are presented in terms of December 1983, dol-
lars, and a discussion is included on cost updating.
Keywords: "Cost analysis, "Potable water, "Water pol-
lution control, "Water treatment, Design criteria,
Chemical engineering, Regulations, Construction
costs, Operating costs, Industrial waste treatment,
Sludge disposal, Brines, Maintenance, Excavation,
Concrete, Steels, Pipes(Tubes), Valves, Electrical
equipment, Residential buildings, Computer programs,
Field tests, "Drinking water, Unit processes, Small
systems.
PB85-161651/HSU	CP T05
Computer Program (or Calculating the Cost of
Drinking Water Treatment Systems. Model-Simula-
tion,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati
OH.
R. G. Eilers, R. C. Gumerman, and R. M. Clark. Nov 84,
mag tape EPA/600/2-84/184B, EPA/DF-85/003
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparationto 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. Call NTIS
Computer Products if you have questions. Price in-
cludes documentation, PB85-161644.
This FORTRAN computer program calculates the con-
struction and operation/maintenance costs for 45 cen-
tralized unit treatment processes for water supply. The
calculated costs are based on various design param-
eters and raw water quality. These cost data are appli-
cable to small size systems, that is, flows up to 3,785
cu m/day (1 mgd). Complete documentation for using
the computer program is available. The program user
supplies two additional data files of his own; one file is
cost updating data and the other is design information.
Printed output in the form of a cost summary is pro-
duced by the program...Software Description: The
model is written in the FORTRAN programming lan-
guage for implementation on a DEC PDP-11/70 com-
292 Vol. 90, No. 24
puter using the IAS 3.1 operating system. Memory re-
quirement is 128K bytes.
Keywords: "Models-simulation, "Water treatment,
"Water supply, Chemical engineering, Operating
costs, Computer programs, FORTRAN, Design crite-
ria, Magnetic tapes, FORTRAN programming lan-
guage, DEC PDP-11 /70 computer.
PB85-161883/HSU	PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Symposium on the Transfer and Utilization of Par-
ticulate Control Technology (4th).
Denver Research Inst., CO.
Nov 84,1565p-in3v
Set includes PB85-161891 through PB85-161917.
No abstract available.
PB85-161891/HSU	PC A24/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Symposium on the Transfer and Utilization of Par-
ticulate Control Technology (4th). Volume 1.
Fabric Filtration. Rept. for Jan 82-Oct 84,
Denver Research Inst,, CO.
F. P. Venditti, J. A. Armstrong, and M. D. Durham. Nov
84, 572p" EPA/600/9-84/025A
See also PB83-149583, and PB85-161909. Symposi-
um held at Houston, Texas on October 11-14,1982.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB85-
161883.
The papers in the three volumes (of which this is one)
were presented at the Fourth Symposium on the
Transfer and Utilization of Particulate Control Technol-
ogy in Houston, TX, October 11-14,1982. Volume I re-
lates to fabric filtration; Volume II, to electrostatic pre-
cipitation; and Volume III, to mechanical collectors,
coal characteristics, inhalable particulates, and ad-
vanced energy and novel control devices. The sympo-
sium brought together researchers, manufacturers,
users, government representatives, educators, and
students to discuss new technology. It provided an ef-
fective way to transfer this technology out of the labo-
ratory and into the user's hands. The various technol-
ogies were discussed from the perspectives of eco-
nomics, new technical advances in science and engi-
neering, and applications. Several papers dealt with
combinations of devices and technologies, leading to
a concept of using a systems (rather than a device) ap-
proach to particulate control. Other topic areas were
high temperature/high pressure applications, fugitive
emissions, measurement techniques, and cost analy-
sis.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Particles,
"Meetings, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Cost analysis, High temperature tests, High pressure
tests, "Fabric filters, Fugitive emissions.
PB85-161909/HSU	PC A24/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Symposium on the Transfer and Utilization of Par-
ticulate Control Technology (4th). Volume 2. Elec-
trostatic Precipitation. Rept. for Jan 82-Oct 84,
Denver Research Inst., CO.
F. P. Venditti, J. A. Armstrong, and M. D. Durham. Nov
84, 560p* EPA/600/9-84/025B
See also PB85-161891, and PB85-161917. Symposi-
um held at Houston, Texas on October 11-14,1982.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB85-
161883.
The papers in the three volumes (of which this is one)
were presented at the Fourth Symposium on the
Transfer and Utilization of Particulate Control Technol-
ogy in Houston, TX, October 11-14,1982. Volume I re-
lates to fabric filtration; Volume II, to electrostatic pre-
cipitation; and Volume III, to mechanical collectors,
coal characteristics, inhalable particulates, and ad-
vanced energy and novel control devices. The sympo-
sium brought together researchers, manufacturers,
users, government representatives, educators, and
students to discuss new technology. It provided an ef-
fective way to transfer this technology out of the labo-
ratory and into the user's hands. The various technol-
ogies were discussed from the perspectives of eco-
nomics, new technical advances in science and engi-
neering, and applications. Several papers dealt with
combinations of devices and technologies, leading to
a concept of using a systems (rather than a device) ap-
proach to particulate control. Other topic areas were
high temperature/high pressure applications, fugitive
emissions, measurement techniques, and cost analy-
sis.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Particles,
"Meetings, "Electrostatic precipitators, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Cost analysis, High
temperature tests, High pressure tests, Fugitive emis-
sions.
PB85-161917/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Symposium on the Transfer and Utilization of Par-
ticulate Control Technology (4th). Volume 3. Eco-
nomics, Mechanical Collectors, Coal Characteris-
tics, Inhalable Particulates, Advanced Energy and
Novel Devices. Rept. for Jan 82-Oct 84,
Denver Research Inst., CO.
F. P. Venditti, J. A. Armstrong, and M. D. Durham. Nov
84, 433p* EPA/600/9-84/025C
See also PB85-161909. Symposium held at Houston,
Texas on October 11 -14,1982.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB85-
161883.
The papers in the three volumes (of which this is one)
were presented at the Fourth Symposium on the
Transfer and Utilization of Particulate Control Technol-
ogy in Houston, TX, October 11-14,1982. Volume I re-
lates to fabric filtration; Volume II, to electrostatic pre-
cipitation; and Volume III, to mechanical collectors,
coal characteristics, inhalable particulates, and ad-
vanced energy and novel control devices. The sympo-
sium brought together researchers, manufacturers,
users, government representatives, educators, and
students to discuss new technology. It provided an ef-
fective way to transfer this technology out of the labo-
ratory and into the user's hands. The various technol-
ogies were discussed from the perspectives of eco-
nomics, new technical advances in science and engi-
neering, and applications. Several papers dealt with
combinations of devices and technologies, leading to
a concept of using a systems (rather than a device) ap-
proach to particulate control. Other topic areas were
high temperature/high pressure applications, fugitive
emissions, measurement techniques, and cost analy-
sis.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Particles,
"Meetings, "Economic analysis, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Cost analysis, High temperature
tests, High pressure tests, Fugitive emissions.
PB85-162410	Not available NTIS
Detritus Processing and Mineral Cycling in Sea-
grass 'Zostera' Litter in an Oregon Salt Marsh.
Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. L. Gallagher, H. V. Kibby, and K. W. Skirvin. c1984,
14p EPA/600/J-84/217
Prepared in cooperation with Delaware Univ., Lewes.
Coll. of Marine Studies.
Pub. in Aquatic Botany 20, p97-l08 Oct 84.
In estuaries where seagrass beds adjoin marshes, the
import and decomposition of seagrass litter in the
marsh provide a mechanism for retaining nutrients
within the wetlands and preventing loss to adjacent
oceanic waters. Several aspects of the influence of
seagrass litter on an Oregon salt marsh were studied.
The quantity of Zostera litter in the marsh vegetation
depended on elevation and on the marsh-plant canopy
structure. Litter decomposition was most complete in
the seagrass bed and in the highest marsh area. At in-
termediate elevations decomposition was very low
after 40% of the material was degraded. The respira-
tion rates of dead-plant communities (DPCs) and the
release rates of dissolved organic carbon into the tidal
waters depended on the location of the DPC in the
marsh. (Copyright (c) Aquatic Botany, 20(1984) 97-
108, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam.)
Keywords: "Seagrasses, 'Detritus, "Marshes, Proc-
essing, Decomposition, Nutrients, Elevation, Respira-
tion, Carbon, Organic compounds, Humus, Nitrogen
Plant growth, Oregon, Reprints, Plant canopy, Ncos^
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB85-162477/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NIC.
Acid Precipitation in North America: 1980, 1981
and 1982 Annual Data Summaries from Acid Dep-
osition System Data Base,
Interagency Task Force on Acid Precipitation, Wash-
ington, DC.
A. R. Olsen, and C. R. Watson. Dec 84. 228p EPA/
600/7-84/097
The Acid Deposition System (ADS) data base for
North American wet deposition data is used to provide
an overview of the major North American monitoring
networks: NADP, CANSAP, APN, MAP3S/PCN, EPRI/
SURE, UAPSP and APIOS daily and cumulative Indi-
vidual site annual statistical summaries for calendar
years 1980, 1981, and 1982 are given for pH, specific
conductance, hydrogen ion (derived from pH) and ion
species sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, calcium, chloride,
sodium, magnesium and potassium. The summaries
are prepared under common valid sample screening
criteria and four criteria used to determine the report-
ing of individual sites. Based on the annual summaries,
1980,1981, and 1982, North American spatial isopleth
maps are constructed for precipitation weighted mean
pH, sulfate ion and nitrate ion concentrations and
annual deposition of hydrogen, sulfate and nitrage ion
species. The Acid Deposition System (ADS) for data
storage and statistical reporting of atmospheric depo-
sition data has been established by the EPA at the Pa-
cific Northwest Laboratory (PNL). ADS provides an in-
tegrated centralized data bank for data collected by all
atmospheric deposition monitoring networks in North
America. The centralized data base facilitates access
to deposition data collected by different organizations;
provides annual inventories of available data; and
maintains the data for the assessment of long-term na-
tional trends.
Keywords: "Information systems, * Air pollution, Chem-
ical properties, pH, Ions, Sulfates, Inorganic nitrates,
Trends, Sampling, North America, "Acid rain, "Acid
deposition system, Wet deposition.
PB8S-162485/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Prediction ot Pesticide Behavior In the Environ-
ment: Proceedings of the U.S.A.-U.S.S.R. Sympo-
sium, October 1981, Yerevan, U.S.S.R. Final rept.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Dec 84,371 p EPA/600/9-84/026
Prepared in cooperation with State Committee for Hy-
drometeorology and Control of Natural Environment,
Moscow (USSR).
Under the USA-USSR Agreement on Cooperation in
the Field of Environmental Protection, a joint project
committee on forms and mechanisms by which pesti-
cides and chemicals are transported sponsored a sym-
posium on October 21-27, 1981, in Yerevan, USSR.
Papers were presented by American and Soviet scien-
tists on predicting pesticide behavior in soil and water.
Twenty-six papers encompassed reviews of the state
of the art in each country and results of research on
particular aspects of the topic.
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Meetings, "Environmental im-
pacts, Soils, Water analysis, United States, Adsorp-
tion, Ecology, Chemical reactions, United Soviet So-
cialist Republic, Reviews, Transport properties, Path of
pollutants, State of the art, Ecosystems.
PB85-163251/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Mutagenic Residues Recovered from Granular
Activated Carbon After Its Use in Drinking Water
Treatment,
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Coll. of Medicine.
J. C. Loper, M. W. Tabor, and L. Rosenblum. Feb 85,
22p EPA/600/D-85/026
In addition to its use in removal of compounds which
cause taste, odor or color problems in drinking water,
granular activated carbon (GAC) has received increas-
ing attention as a treatment for removal of compounds
known or suspected to be of toxicological significance.
An experimental full scale GAC system for such water
treatment has been developed at the Cincinnati Water
Works. The authors have reoently described the re-
sults of a study which examined this system through-
out the adoptive life of the GAC, monitoring trends
both in the production of nonvolatile mutagens by chlo-
rine disinfection and in the removal of such bioactive
compounds from the water. Mutagenicity values were
determined with Salmonella tester strains in assays of
water residue organics extracted using XAD-2. None
of the samples of settled unchlorinated water was mu-
tagenically active in that study, while such samples
were consistently active following chlorination. Muta-
genic activity in chlorinated water was effectively re-
moved by GAC treatment throughout that study, even
after the removal of total organic carbon (TOC) had
reached a steady level of about 0.65 that contained in
the water influent to the column. They then demon-
strated that residues extracted from the used GAC
were mutagenic. Differences in that activity were
shown for residues recovered from the top, middle or
bottom of the used CAG adsorber. This paper presents
further analysis of such GAC extracted organics. The
mutagens can be separated into two populations, one
of which contains relatively non polar compounds and
shows mutagenic activity similar to that seen among
other residues from this drinking water source, wheth-
er extracted by us using XAD resins, or by others using
reverse osmosis. In the other population more polar
compounds predominate, including compounds and
mutagenic activity which are poorly recovered using
our XAD-2/XAD-7 resin procedure.
Keywords: "Water treatment, "Mutagens, "Toxicology,
Potable water, Disinfection, Chlorination, Residues,
Extraction, "Granular activated carbon treatment, XAD
resins, Reverse osmosis.
PB85-163269/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Extended Evaluation of an 'In vivo' Teratology
Screen Utilizing Postnatal Growth and Viability in
the Mouse. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. E. Gray, and R. J. Kavlock. 1984,26p EPA/600/J-
84/212
Pub. in Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagen-
esis, v4 n5 p403-426 1984.
A teratology test system proposed by Chernoff and
Kavlock (3,4) utilizes growth and viability for 3 days
after birth to prioritize chemicals for standard teratolo-
gy testing. The present study is an extended observa-
tion of the growth and viability of Chernoff and Kav-
lock's animals from 41 treatments for 250 days to de-
termine if neonatal weight reductions persisted
throughout life, if mortality occurred later in life or, if
other serious abnormalities developed that could not
be anticipated from the neonatal data. One chemical
which was positive in the present study would be a
false negative in the standard teratology test and the
Chernoff/Kavlock Assay (CKA). Congo red did not
cause frank malformations or mortality but it specifical-
ly altered reproductive function in the offspring. Two
chemicals produced a variety of unusual abnormalities
that were not apparent in the neonates, indicating that
postnatal testing is necessary to determine the full ter-
atogenic potential of some compounds. Mice exposed
prenatally to cytosine arabinoside became hydroce-
phalic and 30% of them lacked lower incisors.
Keywords: "Toxicology, In vivo analysis, Mice, Labora-
tory animals, Growth, Survival, Reprints, "Teratogene-
sis.
PB85-163277/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Reference Method for Detecting 'Giardia' Cysts In
Water,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
W. Jakubowski. Feb 85,10p EPA/600/D-85/023
Giardia detection methodology for water samples is
relatively new, having been in existence for less than
10 years. Current methodology is based upon micro-
scopic examination of concentrates from large volume
water samples. This procedure is tedious and time-
consuming and it fails to provide important information
on the viability of detected cysts. The method for the
16th edition of Standard Methods is described along
with the applications and limitations of the methodolo-
gy-
Keywords: "Water analysis, "Giardia, "Cysts, Disease
vectors, Sampling, Water pollution, Extraction, Sedi-
ments, "Water pollution detection.
PB8S-183491	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Application of Capillary Supercritical Fluid Chro-
matography to the Analysis of a Middle Distillate
Fuel. Journal article,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
B. W. Wright, and R. D. Smith. c1984, 5p EPA/600/J-
84/230
Contract EPA-68-02-3628
Pub. in Chromatographia 18, n10 p542-545 Oct 84.
The paper describes the application of capillary super-
critical fluid chromatography (SFC) to the analysis of a
middle distillate fuel. Small diameter (50 micrometer
i.d.) fused silica capillary columns coated with cross-
linked 50% phenyl polymethylsiloxane provided high
separation efficiency and good compatibility with flame
ionization detection. High resolution separations of the
chemical class fractions obtained by alumina adsorp-
tion chromatography were obtained using carbon diox-
ide as the supercritical mobile phase and simple pres-
sure programming techniques. In addition to the less
polar fuel components, supercritical carbon dioxide al-
lowed chromatography of the nitrogen-containing poly-
cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fraction and the hydroxy-
lated polycyclic aromatic materials.
Keywords: "Fuels, "Chemical analysis, "Environmen-
tal surveys, Sampling, Industrial wastes. Laboratory
equipment, Separation, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocar-
bons, Reprints, "Capillary supercritical fluid chroma-
tography.
PB85-163657/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Evaluation of Emission Controls for Hazardous
Waste Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facili-
ties,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
J. R. Ehrenfeld, and J. H. Ong. Nov 84,167p EPA/
450/3-84/017
Contract EPA-68-01 -6160
The purpose of this report is to evaluate controls for
volatile emissions arising from the treatment, storage,
and disposal of hazardous wastes. For each principal
type of hazardous waste management facility, sources
of atmospheric emissions are described and controls
representing different approaches, are examined and
compared. The evaluation is based on actual data and
on theoretical models where data are lacking or where
the control technologies have been borrowed from
other types of applications or are novel concepts. The
information developed in preparing this report is in-
tended to support the analysis of the regulation and
control of these volatile emissions.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Air pollution con-
trol, "Solid waste disposal, Regulations, Storage,
Earth fills, Storage tanks, Performance evaluation,
"Volatile organic compounds, Impoundments, Land
disposal.
PB85-163665/HSU	PC; All
Water Resource Data and Preliminary Trend Anal-
ysis for the Highland Silver Lake Monitoring and
Evaluation Protect, Madison County, Illinois,
Phase 3,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
T. E. Davenport, and M. H. Kelly. Dec84,245p IEPA/
WPC/84-030
See also PB84-153873.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA) in
cooperation with various State and Federal agencies is
evaluating the impact of Resource Management Sys-
tems (RMS's) implemented under the Rural Clean
Water Program in the Highland Silver Lake Watershed;
Madison County, Illinois. The primary objective of this
comprehensive monitoring and evaluation project is to
document the effectiveness of land treatment pro-
grams in terms of water quality/quantity impacts. The
physical, biological and chemical characteristics of the
Highland Silver Lake Watershed have been studied
since December 1981. A comprehensive monitoring
network for the entire Highland Silver Lake Watershed
was established and operated to document the basic
hydrological, meterological and water quality factors of
the proiect area during 1981-1984. The duration,
timing and quantity of non-point source pollutants were
evaluated to determine land management effects on
the water quality/quantity budget.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords; "Sediments, "Runoff, "Lakes, "Water pol-
lution, Monitoring, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Metals, Fish-
eries, Wildlife, Stream flow, Aquatic animals,
Tables(Data), Illinois, "Nonpoint sources, Agricultural
watersheds, Highland Silver Lake Project, Madison
County(lllinois).
PB85-163996/HSU	PC A99/MF E05
Air Quality Criteria for Lead, Volumes 1-4. Exter-
nal Review Draft.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Sep 84, 1338p EPA/600/8-83/028B
The document evaluates and assesses scientific infor-
mation on the health and welfare effects associated
with exposure to various concentrations of lead in am-
bient air. The literature through 1983 has been re-
viewed thoroughly for information relevant to air quality
criteria, although the document is not intended as a
complete and detailed review of all literature pertaining
to lead. An attempt has been made to identify the
major discrepancies in our current knowledge and un-
derstanding of the effects of these pollutants. Al-
though this document is principally concerned with the
health and welfare effects of lead, other scientific data
are presented and evaluated in order to provide a
better understanding of this pollutant in the environ-
ment. To this end, the document includes chapters
that discuss the chemistry and physics of the pollutant;
analytical techniques; sources; and types of emis-
sions; environmental concentrations and exposure
levels; atmospheric chemistry and dispersion model-
ing; effects on vegetation; and respiratory, physiologi-
cal, toxicological, clinical, and epidemiological aspects
of human exposure.
Keywords: "Lead(Metal), "Air pollution, "Public health,
Assessments, Exposure, Chemical analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Sources, Tables(Data),
Toxicology, Epidemiology, Respiratory system, *Air
quality, Air pollution effects(Humans), Air pollution
effects(Plants).
PB85-164002/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Vinyl Chloride: Relief Valve Standard. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jan 85,88p EPA/450/3-85/002
This document presents information on relief valve dis-
charge performance by industries subject to the vinyl
chloride (VC) NESHAP regulations. Information on
relief valve discharge performance was collected as
part of the review of the technological basis and ad-
ministrative aspects of the current VC standard. The
report includes relief valve discharge performance
data for the entire compliance period following promul-
gation of the VC standard (i.e., 1978-1983). The infor-
mation presented was based on Regional compliance
reports, industry survey and plant visit.
Keywords: 'Vinyl chloride, 'Relief values, *Air pollu-
tion control, "Regulations, Hazardous materials, Per-
formance evaluation, Standards, Tables(Data), Chemi-
cal industry, Industrial wastes, Combustion products.
PB8S-164275/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Control of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions
from Air Oxidation Processes in Synthetic Organ-
ic Chemical Manufacturing Industry. Guideline
series rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Dec 84, 261 p EPA/450/3-84/015
Control Techniques Guidelines (CTG) are issued for
volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from air
oxidation processes within the synthetic organic chem-
ical manufacturing industry. The document informs Re-
gional State, and local air pollution control agencies of
reasonably available control technology (RACT) for
development of regulations necessary to attain the na-
tional ambient air quality standards for ozone.
Keywords: "Chemical industry, * Air pollution control,
* Guidelines, * Regulations, Oxidation, State govern-
ment, Standards, Ozone, Industrial wastes, Vo ati e
organic compounds, *Air quality, Reasonably available
control technology.
294 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB85-164333/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
Study of the Future Federal Role in Municipal
Wastewater Treatment: Report to the Administra-
tor. Appendices.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Planning and Analysis Div.
Jan 85,430p
See also PB85-164341.
This publication (appendices) contains the 'call for
papers' and comments/correspondence involving the
transition phase for funding for the Construction
Grants Program.
Keywords: "National government, "Sewage treatment,
"Municipalities, Construction, Grants, Project planning,
Financing, Contracts, Organizations, States(United
States), Sanitation, Sewage, Environmental impacts,
Protection, Licenses, Sewers, Combined sewers,
Overflows, "Sewage treatment plants, Baseline stud-
ies, Priorities.
PB85-164341/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Study of the Future Federal Role in Municipal
Wastewater Treatment: Report to the Administra-
tor.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Planning and Analysis Div.
Dec 84,133p
See also PB85-164333.
This publication (executive summary) discusses the
Construction Grants Program's transition phase for
funding of the Program.
Keywords: "National government, "Sewage treatment,
"Municipalities, Construction, Grants, Project planning,
State government, Law enforcement,
Law(Jurisprudence), Water quality management,
Waste water, Local government, Research manage-
ment, Trends, Assessments, Licenses, Auditing,
"Sewage treatment plants, Priorities.
PB85-164523/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Toxic Organic Volatilization from Land Treatment
Systems,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
C. G. Enfield, J. T. Wilson, M. D. Piwoni, and D. M.
Walters. Feb 85,21 p EPA/600/D-85/031
Methodology was evaluated 1or estimating volatiliza-
tion of toxic organic chemicals from unsaturated soils.
Projections were compared with laboratory data for
simulated rapid infiltration wastewater treatment sys-
tems receiving primary municipal wastewater spiked
with a suite of 18 toxic organic compounds, nine of
which were considered volatile. Predictions within a
factor of 2 were possible under the quasi-steady state
conditions of the experiment for most compounds ap-
plied. Volatilization was calculated by applying Fick's
second law under the experimental conditions.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Vaporizing, "Water
pollution, Soil analysis, Chemical analysis. Sampling,
Ground water, Chloroform, Toluene, Chlorine organic
compounds, Transport properties, Solubility, Experi-
mental design, "Land disposal, "Toxic substances,
Procedures, Ethane/dichloro, Ethene/trichloro,
Ethene/tetrachloro, Ethane/trichloro, Propane/
chloro-dibromo, Ether/chloro-ethyl-vinyl, Benzene/
chloro.
PB85-164812/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Neurobehavloral Toxicity of Trlethyltin in Rats as
a Function of Age at Postnatal Exposure. Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
P. H. Ruppert, K. F. Dean, and L. W. Reiter. 1984,16p
EPA/600/J-84/209
Pub. in NeuroToxicology 5, n4 p9-22 1984.
Triethyltin (TET) has been shown to be neurotoxic
when injected on postnatal day (PND) 5. In the present
experiment the authors examined the toxicity of a
single exposure to TET at several postnatal ages. Rat
pups were injected ip with O(saline), 1.5, 3.0 or 6.0
mg/kg TET bromide on PND 1, 5, 10 or 15. In agree-
ment with the previous data, PND-5 exposure to 6 mg/
kg TET produced behavioral toxicity and decreased
adult brain weight. High dose pups were less success-
ful in decending on a rope at 20 and 21 days of age,
and were hyperactive in figure-eight mazes at 29-30
and 57-58 days of age. The spatial distribution of activ-
ity was also altered: photocell counts were increased
primarily in the figure-eight area of the maze. The size
of the milk bands was reduced in 6 mg/kg pups inject-
ed on either PND 1 or PND 5. Preweanling growth was
decreased following all injection ages; this reduction
was most pronounced for pups exposed to TET on
PND 1 and PND 5. Mating behavior was disrupted in 6
mg/kg males irrespective of age at exposure. These
data demonstrate a differential sensitivity to the toxici-
ty of TET during postnatal life, with maximal suscepti-
bility on PND 5.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Rats, Age(Biology), Exposure,
Laboratory animals, Reprints, "Tin/triethyl, Neurotoxi-
city.
PB85-164838/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Radiation Data, Report 38, April-
June 1984. Final rept.,
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
C. Petko. Sep 84, 43p EPA/520/5-84/029
See also PB85-101756.
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is compiled and
contains data from the Environmental Radiation Ambi-
ent Monitoring System (ERAMS). The ERAMS is com-
prised of nationwide sampling stations that provide air,
surface and drinking water, and milk samples from
which environmental radiation levels are derived. The
radiation analyses performed on these samples in-
clude gross alpha and gross beta levels, gamma analy-
ses for fission products, and specific analyses for ura-
nium, plutonium, strontium, iodine, radium, krypton,
and tritium.
Keywords: "Radioactivity, Radioactive contaminants,
Airborne wastes, Surface waters, Potable water, Milk,
Tritium, Cesium 137, Carbon 14, Krypton 85, Iodine
131, Strontium 90, Uranium 235, Plutonium 239, Pluto-
nium 238, Tables(Data), "Radiation monitoring, "Envi-
ronmental monitoring, ERAMS system, Strontium 89,
Radium 226, Uranium 234, Uranium 238, Iodine 129,
Barium 140, Potassium 40, Environmental exposure
pathways.
PB85-164929/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Diseases Caused by Water Contact,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
A. P. Dufour. Feb 85,52p EPA/600/D-85/024
Diseases associated with water contact are reviewed
with respect to the sources of etiological agents, the
types of diseases and the conditions under which they
occur. The sources of disease agents fall into three
general groups; point sources such as sewage treat-
ment plants; dispersed sources related to animal
wastes; and the water environment itself. Diseases as-
sociated with bacteria indigenous to the water environ-
ment were notable because exposed individuals who
became ill were invariably compromised in some way.
Risk of disease due to point sources of pollution can
be minimized through sewage treatment and disinfec-
tion, whereas risk of disease due to animal contamina-
tion or bacteria native to water environments can be
minimized only by avoiding exposure situations and by
public health education measures.
Keywords: "Disease vectors, "Viruses, "Bacteria,
"Water pollution, "Recreation, Carriers, Water supply,
Environmental sanitation, Risk, Sources, Etiology",
Gastrointestinal diseases, Ear diseases, Animal
wastes, Salmonella, Exposure, Populations, Infectous
diseases, Wyoming, "Water contact, "Point sources,
Typhoid fever, "Nonpoint sources.
PB85-164937/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Phosphorus Control and Nitrification Processes
for Municipal Wastewater,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH
Water Engineering Research Lab.
E. F. Barth. Feb 85,30p EPA/600/M-85/008
The projected needs for constructing new facilities, be-
tween the year 1982 and the year 2000, for control of
nutrients in municipal effluents is discussed. Example
technologies for control of phosphorus and nitrogen to
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Phosphorus, 'Sewagetreatment, "Munici-
palities, Nitrification, Water pollution control. Phospho-
rus, Nitrogen, Surveys, Construction, Nutrients,
Lagoons(Ponds), Activated sludge process, Trickling
filters, Oxidation, Sand filters, States(United States),
United States, Florida, Iowa, "Sewage treatment
plants, Rotating disc process, Land application, Terri-
tories.
PB85-165017	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Fate of Inhaled Nitrogen Dioxide in Isolated Per-
fused Rat Lung. Journal article,
California Univ., Los Angeles. School of Public Health.
E. M. Postlethwait, and M. G. Mustafa. c1981,16p
EPA/600/J-80/187
Grant EPA-R-806652
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health 7,
p861-872 1981.
The fate of inhaled N02 was studied with isolated per-
fused rat lungs. The isolated lungs were exposed to 5
ppm N02 for 90 min at a ventilation rate of 45 ml/min.
The N02 exposure had no adverse effects on the
lungs as judged from their weights, glucose uptake, or
lactate production compared to control lungs. Isolated
lungs absorbed 36% of ventilated N02, which was de-
tected in perfusate and lung tissue as N02 but not
N03. The N02 concentration in perfusate increased
linearly with time, and after 90 min of ventilation with
N02 and perfusion with erythrocyte-free medium the
N02 accumulation was 6.36 + or - 0.39 ug. If perfu-
sate contained 10% erythrocytes, the ventilated N02
product was mostly N03 in perfusate but N02 in lung
tissue. Protein solutions absorbed N02 more effec-
tively than simple salt solutions, but they all yielded
mainly N02 unless erythrocytes were present, when
the product was mostly N03. The results indicate that
absorbed N02 in the lung is converted predominantly
to N02, but after its diffusion into the vascular space it
is oxidized to N03 by interactions with erythrocytes.
Keywords: "Nitrogen dioxide, "Toxicology, Experimen-
tal data, Pathology, Rats, Lung, Exposure, Reprints,
Erythrocytes.
PB85-10SO25/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Summary of the 1983 EPA (Environmental Protec-
tion Agency) National Performance Audit Pro-
gram on Source Measurements. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Div.
E.W. Streib, T. J. Logan, and M. R. Midgett. Jan 85,
47p EPA/600/4-80/004
See also PB84-161306.
In the spring and fall of 1983, the Quality Assurance Di-
vision conducted the National Audits for Stationary
Source Test Methods. The audit materials consisted
of: a calibrated orifice for Method 5 (dry gas meter
only), five simulated liquid samples each for Method 6
(S02) and Method 7 (NOx), two coal samples for
Method 19A, and a disposable gas cylinder for Method
3 (Orsat analyzer). Participating laboratories sent their
data to the Source Branch and in return received a
written report comparing their results to EPA's. In the
Method 5 spring audit, the mean value for all partici-
pants differed by 5.7% from the true (EPA) value. For
the fall audit, the participants' mean was 4.1% from
the true value. In the two Method 6 audits, the average
mean differed by 3% from the expected value. The av-
erage mean in the two Method 7 audits was 15% from
the expected value. In the two coal audits, the param-
eters measured were sulfur, moisture, ash, and Btu.
On the average for the sulfur analysis 85% of the par-
ticipants measured within 10% of the expected value;
for Btu 100% of the participants measured within 10%
of the expected value. In the two Method 3 audits,
each parameter had only one concentration. The
means for C02 were within 10% (spring) and 6% (fall)
from the expected value. For both audits, the mean for
02 was less than 1%.
Keywords: "Auditing, "Air pollution, "Quality assur-
ance, 'Gas analysis, "Laboratories, Sources, Chemi-
cal analysis, Sampling, Calibrating, Combustion prod-
ucts, Industrial wastes, Performance evaluation, Com-
parison, Coal, Sulfur dioxide. Nitrogen oxides, Carbon
dioxide. Oxygen, 'National performance audit pro-
gram, 'Air pollution detection, "Air pollution sampling,
EPA method 5, EPA method 6, EPA method 7, EPA
method 3, EPA method 19A.
PB85-165488/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Determination of Activated Sludge Biofcinetic
Constants for Chemical and Plastic Industrial
Wastewaters: Appendix B. Final rept. 1 Sep 82-1
Jan 85,
Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater. School of Civil Engi-
neering.
D. F. Kincannon, and E. L. Stover. Feb 85,194p EPA/
600/2-83/073C
See also PB83-245241.
The most widely used method of wastewater treat-
ment is biological treatment. The use of kinetic models
to describe the behavior of a biological wastewater
treatment process has become widely accepted prac-
tice. The most often used kinetic models include those
developed by Eckenfelder, McKinney, Lawrence and
McCarty, and Gaudy. All of these models contain ki-
netic constants, and the usefulness of each model is a
function of the reliability of the kinetic constants. How-
ever, there has not been enough information available
to establish reliable values for these kinetic constants
for industrial wastewaters. This continued project has
determined the biokinetic constants and fate for
twelve additional toxic organic pollutants when present
in a highly biodegradable wastewater. The normal ap-
proach for determining biokinetic constants has been
to plot the average values. This approach masks the
actual scatter of the data. This study has produced a
methodology for analysis of the test results from bio-
logical activated sludge systems for determining the bi-
ological variability inherent in these types of systems.
This study also investigated the possibility of predicting
the fate and effluent concentrations of the various pri-
ority pollutants. It was found that good predictions for
the priority pollutants can be made.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, 'Plastic industry,
'Water pollution control, "Activated sludge process,
"Reaction kinetics, Concentration(Composition), In-
dustrial waste treatment, Mathematical models, Chem-
ical compounds, 'Biological industrial waste treat-
ment, Biokinetic constants, Publicly owned
wastewater treatment, Municipal wastes, Best technol-
ogy, Toxic substances.
PB85-165496/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Field Experience with Four Portable VOC (Volatile
Organic Compound) Monitors. Final rept. Feb-Jul
84,
PEI Associates, Inc., Arlington, VA.
R. A. Ressl, and T. C. Ponder, Feb 85, 66p EPA/600/
4-85/012
Contract EPA-68-02-3767
This report discusses the field operation problems as-
sociated with use of four portable volatile organic com-
pound (VOC) detection instruments in conducting Ref-
erence Method 21 VOC screenings. The report pre-
sents the results of the field trials and summarizes the
ease of use of each instrument. Information on oper-
ational problems and recommendations are provided.
Also included are discussions of the features that
would make all portable instruments more reliable, du-
rable, or convenient to use. Based on the data collect-
ed for this study, three of the instruments report similar
leak rates in the facility where they were used.
Keywords: 'Portable equipment, 'Leak detectors,
'Monitors, Field tests, Performance evaluation, Design
criteria, Forecasting, Gas detectors, "Volatile organic
compounds, 'Air pollution detection.
PB85-165744/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Emerging Technology Assessment of Phostrip,
A/O, and Bardenpho Processes for Biological
Phosphorus Removal. Final rept. Jun 83-Sep 84.
Weston (Roy F ), Inc., West Chester, PA.
Feb 85,116p* EPA/600/2-85/008
Contract EPA-68-03-3055
An engineering evaluation of three proprietary proc-
esses for biological removal of phosphorus from mu-
nicipal wastewater was conducted. The report pre-
sents for each process: Technology description; Tech-
nology evaluation; Development status; Equivalent
technologies comparison; Assessment of national
impact; Cost considerations; and Recommendations,
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, "Phosphorus, Assess-
ments, Technology, Comparison, Cost analysis, Nutri-
ents, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Anaero-
bic processes, Aerobic processes, Pilot plants, "Phos-
trip processes, "A/O processes, 'Bardenpho process-
es, * Biological processes.
PB85-165751/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Radionuclides: Background Information Docu-
ment for Final Rules. Volume 1. Final rept.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Oct 84, 282p EPA/520/1-84/022/1
See also PB85-165769. Prepared in cooperation with
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH„ Battelle Colum-
bus Labs., OH., and Kilkelly Environmental Associates,
Inc., Raleigh, NC.
On October 31, 1984, EPA published a notice in the
Federal Register withdrawing proposed standards for
radionuclide emissions from four sources: (1) DOE fa-
cilities, (2) NRC-licensed facilities and non-DOE Fed-
eral facilities, (3) underground uranium mines and (4)
elemental phosphorus plants. This Background Infor-
mation Document supports the Agency's final actions
on radionuclides. Volume I is an integrated risk assess-
ment. It addresses historical and current regulatory
programs and strategies, hazard identifications (health
effects), radionuclide emissions, reduction of dose and
risk, movement of radionuclides through environmen-
tal pathways, radiation dosimetry, and estimating the
risk of health effects resulting from radionuclide air
emissions. Volume II examines the source categories
and presents the following information for each cate-
gory: a general description of the source category, a
brief description of the processes that lead to the
emissions of radionuclides into air, a summary of emis-
sions data, and estimates of the radiation doses and
health risks to both individuals and populations.
Keywords: "Radioactive contaminants, "Regulations,
"Hazardous materials, Risk, Assessment, Standards,
Public health, Air pollution, Dosage, Mutagens, Dosim-
etry, Sources, Path of pollutants, Cancer, Uranium
mines, Phosphorus plants, Nuclear power plants,
Clean Air Act.
PB85-165769/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
Radionuclides: Background Information Docu-
ment for Final Rules. Volume 2. Final rept.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Oct 84,441 p EPA/520/1-84/002/2
See also PB85-165751. Prepared in cooperation with
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH., Battelle Colum-
bus Labs., OH., and Kilkelly Environmental Associates,
Inc., Raleigh, NC.
This report serves as a background information docu-
ment in support of the Environmental Protection Agen-
cy's final rules for sources of emissions of radionu-
clides pursuant to Section 112 of the Clean Air Act.
This report presents an analysis of the public health
impact caused by radionuclides emitted into the air
from facilities that are the subject of this rulemaking.
These facilities are examined as six major source cate-
gories: (1) Department of Energy (DOE) facilities, (2)
Nuclear Regulatory Commission licensed facilities and
non-DOE Federal facilities, (3) coal-fired utility and in-
dustrial boilers, (4) uranium mines, (5) phosphate in-
dustry facilities, and (6) mineral extraction industry fa-
cilities. For each source category, the authors present
the following information: (1) a general description of
the source category, (2) a brief description of the proc-
esses that lead to the emissions of radionuclides into
air, (3) a summary of emissions data, and (4) estimates
of the radiation doses and health risks to both individ-
uals and populations.
Keywords: "Radioactive contaminants, "Regulations,
"Hazardous materials, Risk, Assessments, Public
health, Standards, Sources, Air pollution, Dosage
Boilers, Electric power plants, Coal fired power plants!
NRC, Clean Air Act, Nuclear power plants, Uranium
mines, Phosphate industry.
PB85-165777/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Barium and Radium In Water Treatment Plant
Wastes. Rept. for Sep 83-May 84,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign.
V. L. Snoeyink, C. K. Jongeward, A. G. Myers, and S. K.
Richter. Feb 85, 63p EPA/600/2-85/006
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Water treatment plants at nine locations (10 plants) in
Illinois and Iowa were studied to determine the charac-
teristics and disposal practices for the sludge, brine,
and backwash water containing radium (Ra) and/or
barium (Ba). The treatment processes in these ten
plants include iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) removal
(3 plants), lime softening (4 plants), and ion exchange
(3 plants). Eight plants had radium and three plants
had barium. The data are needed to determine wheth-
er special procedures are required to dispose of such
wastes.
Keywords: 'Wafer treatment, "Solid waste disposal,
'Radium, "Barium, Sites, Sludge disposal. Brines.
Concentration(Composition), Iron, Manganese, Illinois,
Iowa.
PB85-165785/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pilot-Plant Studies of Slow-Rate Filtration. Journal
article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
K. R. Fox, R. J. Miltner, G. S. Logsdon, D. L. Dicks, and
L. F. Drolet. 1984, 8p EPA/600/J-84/233
Pub. in Jnl. of American Water Works Association, v76
n12 p62-68 Dec 84.
Alternatives to conventional coagulation water filtra-
tion plants (those that utilize coagulation, flocculation,
sedimentation and filtration) may be appropriate for
some small water utilities. One such alternative is slow
rate filtration. This paper describes pilot plant studies
undertaken to evaluate slow rate filtration for the re-
moval of particulates, total coliforms, standard plate
count bacteria, and organics (TOC and THMFP). Two
pilot-scale filtration systems were used: a slow sand
filter (operated over 800 days), and a second slow
sand filter operated in parallel with a slow rate filter
containing granular activated carbon media (operated
over 200 days).
Keywords: "Filtration, "Sand filtration, "Activated
carbon treatment, Rates(Per time), Pilot plants, Coli-
form bacteria. Bacteria, Organic compounds, Rural
areas, Removal, Comparison, Methane, Halogen or-
ganic compounds, Reprints, Particulates, Slow rate fil-
tration, Halomethane/Tri.
PB85-165793/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
User's Guide: Fugitive Dust Control Demonstra-
tion Studies. Final rept.,
JACA Corp., Fort Washington, PA.
T. W. Beggs. Jan 85,36p EPA/600/8-84/032
Contract EPA-68-03-3132
Under certain circumstances, sources of air pollution
may be able to meet their obligations under the Clean
Air Act by the use of the bubble concept. State and
local agency officials are responsible for determining
the validity of bubble proposals. Thus, these officials
must be in a position to determine if claimed reduc-
tions in fugitive emissions from such sources as road-
ways and storage piles can be substantiated for the
control methods proposed. There are many studies
available to the official that discuss the effectiveness
of various control techniques for nontraditional particu-
late emissions. This User's Guide provides state and
local agency officials and those responsible for con-
ducting fugitive particulate demonstration studies in-
sight into the validity of recent studies. It also stresses
the considerations of importance when planning this
type of study. From the data presently available, it was
not possible to develop quantitative emission factors
of control efficiencies for the various control alterna-
tives.
Keywords: "Dust control, "Guidelines, "Air pollution
control, Particles, State government, Sources, Substi-
tutes, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Per-
formance evaluation, "Fugitive emissions, "Bubble
concept, Emission factors, Clean Air Act, Case stud-
ies.
PB85-165801/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Microbial Toxicity Studies,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
P. H. Pritchard, and A. W. Bourquin. Feb 85,46p EPA/
600/D-83/027
The chapter cites examples of the common methods
used to determine the toxicity of chemicals to bacteria.
296 Vol. 90, No. 24
It covers only the most common methods, particularly
those that are easy to perform. Numerous literature ci-
tations have been included to help illustrate how a
method is used and where its advantages and disad-
vantages lie. The information presented here is not a
complete survey, but rather an aid to understanding of
current methods used in the field of microbial toxicol-
ogy. Toxicity of chemicals to bacteria is discussed rela-
tive to the organisms' growth and metabolism. Exam-
ples are given of methods involving heterotrophic ac-
tivity, geochemical cycling, and decomposition proc-
esses. In addition, application of toxicity studies to
unique bacterial processes and habitats discussed.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Bacteria, "Chemical com-
pounds, Growth, Metabolism, Toxic substances.
PB85-165827/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Single Laboratory Validation of EPA (Environmen-
tal Protection Agency) Method 8030: Acrolein, Ac-
rylonltriie, and Acetonitrile. Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
S. V. Lucas, T. F. Cole, A. Riggin, and W. M. Cooke.
Feb 85,152p EPA/600/4-85/010
Contract EPA-68-03-1760
USEPA Method 8030 was modified and evaluated with
revised chromatographic conditions for the determina-
tion of acrolein, acrylonitrile, and acetonitrile in ground-
water, solid, and organic liquid matrices. Groundwater
was analyzed by the heated purge-and-trap method; a
solid waste was analyzed by the polyethylene glycol
(PEG) heated purge-and-trap technique and by the
heated headspace method; and a liquid organic waste
was analyzed by direct liquid injection and by the
heated headspace method. The manual heated head-
space method gave distinctly less accurate and less
precise results than ttie PEG/purge-and-trap method
for the determination of acetonitrile and acrylonitrile in
the solid waste sample. Acrolein was not recovered at
all by the method. The headspace method gave ex-
tremely erratic results for the analysis of the organic
liquid waste.
Keywords: "Chromatographic analysis, "Acroleins,
"Acrylonitriles, "Acetonitrile, "Environmental surveys,
Ground water, Water analysis, Chemical analysis, Per-
formance evaluation, Revisions, "EPA method 8030,
"Water pollution detection, "Solid wastes, "Liquid
wastes, Purge and trap method.
PB85-165835/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Forward Library Searching of Prevlously-Quanti-
tated Peaks, Using a Scan List Created from a
Quantitation List by a Novel FORTRAN Program
for the I NCOS Data System,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
B. M. Austern. Feb 85, 8p EPA/600/M-85/007
A new method is discussed to use an INCOS data
system to perform forward library searches. A FOR-
TRAN program was designed which creates a scan list
from a quantitation list to help perform the task.
Keywords: Library science, Records management,
"Data systems, INCOS system, Fortran computer pro-
gram.
PB85-165868	Not available NTIS
Numerical Approximation of Semi-Integrals and
Semlderivatives by Product Quadrature Rules.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
F. G. Lether, D. M. Cline, andO. Evans. C1982,13p
EPA/600/J-82/013
Prepared in cooperation with Computer Sciences
Corp., Athens, GA.
Pub. in Jnl. of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, v16
n2 p111 -121 1982.
This paper is concerned with the numerical calculation
of the semi-integral and semiderivative of a function f,
whose values f (xj) are known on a discrete set of abs-
cissasO = x(1) < x(2) < ... < x(n). A family of product
quadrature rules is developed to approximate the
semi-integral d (sup -1/2) f/dx (sup -1 /2) and semideri-
vative d (sup 1/2) f / dx (sup 1 /2j at each of the posi-
tive abscissas x(j), j = 2,3,...,n. Numerical applications
and comparisons with known rules are presented.
Keywords: "Integral equations, "Approximation, "Nu-
merical integration, Interpolation, Numerical quadra-
ture, "Foreign technology, Computer applications.
PB85-165876	Not available NTIS
Plumbosolvency Reduction by High pH and Low
Carbonate-Solubility Relationships. Journal article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
M. R. Schock, and M. C. Gardels. C1983, 8p EPA/600/
J-82/136
Prepared in cooperation with Illinois State Water
Survey Div., Champaign.
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Work Association 75, n2
p87-91 Feb 83.
Experiments were conducted to study the effect of a
pH > or 9.0 and a low total inorganic carbonate
(TIC) concentration of 10 to 80 mg as CaC03/L on
lead solubility. The results were compared with those
of earlier experiments in which the pH was 8.0 to 8.5.
In the experiments that had pH's > or -.= 9.0, lead
leaching was reduced, as was consumption of both re-
sidual free chlorine and dissolved oxygen. The results
closely followed the predictions of a solubility model
that allowed for aqueous lead complexation and con-
trol by the solid basic lead carbonate under the experi-
mental pH and TIC conditions.
Keywords: "Lead(Metal), "Solubility, "pH, "Carbon-
ates, "Potable water, "Pipelines, Experimental design,
Comparison, Water pollution, Chemical analysis, Re-
prints.
PB8S-165884	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Comparison of p-Nitrophenol Biodegradation in
Field and Laboratory Test Systems. Journal article,
Georgia State Univ., Atlanta. Dept. of Biology.
J. C. Spain, P. A. Van Veld, C. A. Monti, P. H. Pritchard,
and C. R. Cripe. C1984, 9p EPA/600/J-84/218
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v48
n5 P944-950 Nov 84.
Acclimation of microbial communities exposed to p-ni-
trophenol (PNP) was measured in laboratory test sys-
tems and in a freshwater pond. Laboratory tests were
conducted in shake flasks with water, shake flasks
with water and sediment, eco-cores, and two sizes of
microcosm. The sediment and water samples used in
the laboratory experiments were obtained from the
pond. After a 6-day acclimation period. PNP was bio-
degraded rapidly in the pond. When the pond was
treated with PNP a second time, biodegradation began
immediately. The acclimation periods in laboratory test
systems that contained sediment were similar to that In
the pond. The acclimation period was threefold longer
in shake flasks without sediment. PNP was biodegrad-
ed more slowly by microbial communities acclimated in
the laboratory than it was in the pond, and the rate of
biodegradation varied with the type of test. The
number of bacteria able to mineralize PNP increased
by 3 orders of magnitude in the pond during the accli-
mation period. Similar increases accompanied accli-
mation in the laboratory systems. (Copyright (c) 1984,
American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: "Nitrogen organic compounds, "Phenol,
"Ponds, "Biodeterioration, "Marine microorganisms,
"Water pollution, Tests, Acclimatization, Rates(Per
time), Bacteria, Exposure, Chemical analysis, Degra-
dation, Statistical analysis. Reprints, "Microcosms,
"PNP.
PB85-165892	Not available NTIS
Application of Single- and Multiphasic Michaelis-
Menten Kinetics to Predictive Modeling for Aquat-
ic Ecosystems. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
D. L. Lewis, H. W. Holm, and R. E. Hodson. C1984, 13d
EPA/600/J-84/226
Prepared in cooperation with Georgia Univ., Athens.
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry v3
P563-574 1984.
The transport, fate and effects of many toxic chemi-
cals in aquatic ecosystems are largely mediated by mi-
crobial transformations. In the research, the authors
have assumed that the transformations are a result of
enzymatic reactions, and thus follow Michaelis-
Menten kinetics. Using diverse field-collected and lab-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sufficient experimental data to reach some general
conclusions concerning the strengths and weakness-
es of using Michaelis-Menten kinetics in making envi-
ronmental predictions.
Keywords: 'Biodeterioration, 'Water pollution, 'Reac-
tion kinetics, Mathematical models, Reprints, Michae-
lis-Menten kinetics, "Xencbiotics, Aquatic ecosys-
tems.
PB85-165991/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Manual for the Certification of Laboratories Ana-
lyzing Drinking Water • Criteria and Procedures
Quality Assurance.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Oct 82, 64p EPA/570/9-82/002
See also PB-287118.
This document is a revision of the Manual for the Inter-
im Certification of Laboratories Involved in Analyzing
Public Drinking Water Supplies (PB-287 118/4). It was
prepared in an effort to update and improve technical
criteria and implementation strategy in light of newly
approved methodology and over four years of experi-
ence with the program. The technical criteria for chem-
istry, microbiology, and radiochemistry have been up-
dated, clarified, and reorganized, but are similar in sub-
stance to the earlier edition cited above. In addition,
the program now includes criteria and procedures for
down-grading a laboratory's certification status. Like
the previous edition, this program is not regulatory in
nature (except for methodology), but rather is guid-
ance describing the minimum procedures and criteria
for assuring data validity.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water analysis, 'Manuals,
'Certification, 'Water quality, Revisions, Laboratories,
Technology, Water supplies, Water pollution, State
government, Chemistry, Microbiology, Radioche-
mistry, Quality assurance, Procedures.
PB85-166080/H3U	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Evaluation of Chemical Reaction Mechanisms for
Photochemical Smog. Part 2. Quantitative Evalua-
tion of the Mechanisms (Revised),
California Inst, of Tech., Pasadena.
J. A. Leone, and J. H. Seinfeld. Nov 84,209p EPA/
600/3-84/063
Supersedes PB84-196740. See also PB83-263251.
Six chemical reaction mechanisms for photochemical
smog were analyzed to determine why, under identical
conditions, they predict different maximum ozone con-
centrations. To perform the analysis, a counter spe-
cies technique was used to determine the contribu-
tions of individual reactions or sets of reactions to the
overall behavior of the chemical reaction mechanism.
Using this technique, answers were obtained to previ-
ously inaccessible questions such as what is the rela-
tive contribution of individual organic species to photo-
chemical ozone formation. Based on the results of the
counter species analysis specific aspects of each
mechanism were identified that are responsible for the
discrepancies with other mechanisms. For each mech-
anism, parameters were identified that when altered
brought the predictions of the various mechanisms into
much closer agreement.
Keywords: 'Smog, "Photochemical reactions, "Air pol-
lution, 'Chemical analysis, "Ozone,
Concentratlon(Composition), Organic compounds,
'Chemical reaction mechanisms, Air pollution detec-
tion.
PB85-16615S/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Treatment of Drinking Water Containing Trlchlor-
oethylene and Related Industrial Solvents. Journal
article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
0. T. Love, and R. G. Eilers. Aug 82,13p EPA/600/J-
82/201
Pub. in American Water Works Association Jnl. 74, n8
p413-425Aug82.
Volatile chlorinated and non-chlorinated compounds
occur in both untreated and treated drinking water. Be-
cause volatilization is restricted, ground waters rather
than surface waters are more likely to have high con-
centrations of these compounds. This document re-
views properties, occurrence, and experiences, par-
ticularly laboratory and pilot scale, with the control of
the following compounds: tri- and tetrachloroethylene;
cis- and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene; 1,1-dichloroethy-
lene; vinyl and methylene chloride; 1,1,1-tri-chloroeth-
ane; 1,2-dichloroethane; carbon tetrachloride; ben-
zene; chlorobenzene; 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-dichloroben-
zene; and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. Conventional water
treatment will not generally reduce the concentrations
of these compounds, but they can be reduced by aer-
ation, adsorption on granular activated carbon or syn-
thetic resins, or combinations of these processes. Boil-
ing can also be effective for home treatment of these
contaminants.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, "Industrial wastes,
"Chlorobenzenes, "Vinyl chloride, 'Solvents, Activat-
ed carbon treatment, Potable water, Aeration, "Ethyl-
ene/trichloro, "Volatile organic, Granular activated
carbon treatment.
PB8S-166163/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
New Medium for the Enumeration and Subculture
of Bacteria from Potable Water. Journal article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
D. J. Reasoner, and E. E. Geldreich. Jan 85, Bp EPA/
600/J-85/003
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v49
n1p1-7Jan85.
Plate count agar is presently the recommended
medium for the standard bacterial plate count (35C, 48
h incubation) of water and wastewater. However, plate
count agar does not permit the growth of many bacte-
ria that may be present in treated potable water sup-
plies. A new medium was developed for use in hetero-
trophic plate count analyses and for subculture of bac-
teria isolated from potable water samples. The new
medium, designated R2A, contains 0.5 g yeast extract,
0.5 g Difco Proteose Peptone No. 3, 0.5 g Difco Casa-
mino Acid, 0.5 g glucose, 0.5 g soluble starch, 0.3 g
K2HP04, 0.05 g Mg SO4.7H20, 0.3 g sodium pyru-
vate, and 15 g agar per liter of laboratory quality water.
Adjust pH to 7.2 with crystalline K2HP04 or KH2P04
and sterilize at 121C for 15 min. Results from parallel
studies with spread, membrane filter and pour plate
procedures showed that R2A medium yielded signifi-
cantly higher bacterial counts than did plate count
agar. Studies of the effecton temperature.
Keywords: 'Culture media, "Bacteria, 'Potable water,
Counting methods, Agar, Growth, Yeasts, Glucose,
Starches, pH, Temperature, Reprints, R2A culture
media.
PB85-166171	Not available NTIS
Fuel Savings in Sewage Sludge Incineration. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
H. Wall, E. Waltz, and A. Verdouw. C1984,23p EPA/
600/J-84/232
Prepared in cooperation with Indianapolis Center for
Advanced Research, IN.
Pub. in Waste Management and Research 2, p205-
225 Sep 84.
As a result of a demonstration project partly sponsored
by the United States Environmental Protection Agency
in cooperation with the Indianapolis Center for Ad-
vanced Research, the City of Indianapolis, Indiana, re-
alized a 34% fuel savings for sewage sludge inciner-
ation. At the same time, sludge throughput was in-
creased 10%. In addition to these proven savings,
operational downtime for repairs was reduced, mainte-
nance costs were reduced, and air pollution was re-
duced. The air pollution reduction allowed Indianapolis
to cancel a $3,000,000 construction program for air
pollution abatement. These savings result from install-
ing additional instrumentation and controls (often not
required at newer facilities), modifying the incinerator
operating methods, and training the operators to oper-
ate the facilities more efficiently. At Indianapolis, it cost
$20,000 per incinerator for instrumentation and opera-
tor training. This was an older plant and required a
maximum amount of new controls and instrumenta-
tion; however, the payback for this $20,000 was less
than three months due to the reduction in fuel use
based on an oil price of $.264 per liter ($1.00 per
gallon). In the other cities where instrumentation con-
trols were adequate, the cost for developing the now
operating mode and training the operators averaged
$75,000 per city.
Keywords: "Fuel consumption, "Solid waste disposal,
"Sludge disposal, "Incinerators, "Air pollution control,
"Cost analysis, Maintenance, Operating costs. Instru-
mentation, Reprints, "Energy conservation, "Sewage
sludge.
PB85-166304/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Evaluation of Methods for the Determination of
Total Organic Halide in Water and Waste. Final
rept. Aug 82-Jul 84,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
T. F. Cole, A. M. Berry, and R. L. Wilson. Feb 85,122p
EPA/600/4-85/011
Contract EPA-68-03-3155
Various methods for the determination of total organic
halides (TOX) in groundwater and in waste oil samples
have been evaluated. Of three inorganic halide spe-
cies generation approaches and three inorganic halide
determinative techniques evaluated for groundwater
analyses, one combined approach using Schoeniger
flask oxidation with colorimetric chloride determination
was chosen for laboratory validation and method de-
tection limit studies. Groundwater samples were also
analyzed for TOX using neutron activation analysis. A
method for analysis of oil samples which uses the
sodium biphenyl reagent and a colorimetric chloride
method was found to be unsatisfactory for the analysis
of various oils spiked with PCBs due to interferences in
the colorimetric determinative step which resulted in
recoveries greater than 100%.
Keywords: 'Halogen organic compounds, 'Ground
water, 'Water analysis, Sampling, Neutron activation
analysis, Colorimetric analysis, Performance evalua-
tion, 'Water pollution detection, 'Liquid wastes, 'Oil
wastes, Polychlorinated biphenyls.
PB85-166346	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Postflame Behavior of Nitrogenous Species in the
the Presence of Fuel Sulfur: 2. Rich, CH4/He/02
Flames. Journal article,
Arizona Univ., Tucson. Dept. of Chemical Engineering.
T. L. Corley, and J. O. L. Wendt. C1984,15p EPA/600/
J-84/235
Grant EPA-R-806685
See also PB84-142371.
Pub. in Combustion and Flame 58, p141-1521984.
The paper gives results of adding cyanogen and S02
to fuel-rich, premixed CH4/He/02 flames to investi-
gate the effect of fuel sulfur on the distribution of ni-
trogenous species in the far postflame region. Probe
sampling and gas analysis were used to determine
profiles of HCN, N2, NO, and NH3, as well as CO,
C02, CH4, and C2H2. At all equivalence ratios exam-
ined (phi = 2.8,1.71, and 1.44), adding S02 caused a
significant increase in HCN levels and a decrease in
N2 levels in the postflame region. At phi = 1.71, the
data suggest the presence of N20 in the postflame.
Experimental results are interpreted in the light of liter-
ature values of appropriate rate coefficients for mech-
anisms governing the fate of fuel nitrogen. (Copyright
(c) 1984 by the Combustion Institute.)
Keywords: 'Flames, 'Additives, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Air
pollution control, "Cyanogen, 'Nitrogen inorganic
compounds, "Reaction kinetics, Combustion products,
Nitrogen oxides, Sampling, Gas analysts, Experimental
design, Reprints, 'Chemical reaction mechanisms.
PB85-166353/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada
OK.
Land Treatment of an Oily Waste; Degradation,
Immobilization and Bloaccumulatlon. Final rept.
Sep 81-Dec 84,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
R. C. Loehr, J. H. Martin, E. F. Neuhauser, R. A.
Norton, and M. R. Malecki. Feb 85,143p EPA/600/2-
85/009
An industrial oily waste was applied to field plots in
New York to determine loss and immobilization of
waste constituents and to determine impact of waste
on soil biota. Four replicate plots were established for
natural controls, rototilled controls, and low, medium
and high application rates. Wastes were applied 06/
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
82, 10/82, and 06/83. In 06/83, plots that had previ-
ously received low applications received a very high
application. During the study, waste was applied to test
plots at seven loading rates that ranged from 0.17-0.5
kg total oil sq m or from 0.09 wt%-5.25wt% oil in soil.
Waste application increased soil pH and volatile
matter. Half life of total oil in field plots ranged from
about 260 to 400 days. Not all of the applied oil was
lost. The refractory fraction ranged from 20% to 50%
of applied oil. The fraction did not appear to adversely
affect soil biota. Napthalenes, alkanes and specific
aromatics were lost rapidly, especially in warmer
months. The half life generally was less than 30 days.
Waste applications increased the concentration of
several metals in the upper 15 cm of soil. Earthworms
bioaccumulated Cd, K, Na and Zn. Accumulation could
not be related to waste application and occurred in
worms from control plots as well as those receiving
waste. Earthworms did not accumulate the specific
waste organics. Waste application reduced numbers
and biomass of earthworms and numbers and kinds of
microarthropods; however, both types of soil biota
were able to recover.
Keywords: "Soil analysis, "Environmental surveys,
Degradation,	Industrial	wastes,
Concentration(Composition), Biomass, Cadmium,
Sodium, Zinc, Potassium, Worms, Field tests, 'Land
disposal, "Oil pollution, Immobilization, Bioaccumula-
tion.
PB85-166429/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
VOCs (Volatile Organic Chemicals) in Drinking
Water: Cost of Removal. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. M. Clark, R. G. Eilers, and J. A. Goodrich. 1984, 18p
EPA/600/J-84/234
Pub. in Jnl. of the Environmental Engineering Division,
ASCE 110, n6 p 1146-1162 Dec 84.
There is growing concern over the quality of the na-
tions groundwater resources. Instances of ground
water contamination from organic chemicals have
been reported in virtually all states. Long-term policy
should be directed toward the protection of ground-
water quality. Although, ideally, ground water contami-
nation should be prevented, existing contamination
problems must be addressed. This paper discusses
several control technology options available to treat
ground water for organic chemical contamination. A
cost and performance analysis is presented in order to
guide the selection of control technologies for seven
major contaminant: trichloroethylene; tetrachloroethy-
lene; 1,1,1-trichloroethane; carbon tetrachloride; cis-
1,2-dichloroethylene; 1,2-dichloroethane; 1,1-dichlor-
oethylene. In all cases aeration is the cheapest alter-
native for treatment. If adsorption is required, home
units using granular activated carbon (GAC) may prove
to be cheaper than central adsorption treatment.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water treatment, "Ground
water, "Cost analysis, Performance evaluation, Ad-
sorption, Organic compounds, Carbon tetrachloride,
Reprints, "Water pollution economics, "Volatile organ-
ic compounds, "Water quality, Granular activated
carbon treatment, Ethylene/trichloro, Ethylene/tetra-
chloro, Ethylene/dichloro, Ethane/dichloro.
PB85-166510/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Northeast Corridor Regional Modeling Project -
Urban Field Studies Data Base Description. Final
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
W. P. Freas. Sep 83, 56p* EPA/450/4-83/015A
See also PB84-239177.
This report is a companion volume to EPA-450/4-82-
018 'Northeast Corridor Regional Modeling Project -
Description of the 1980 Urban Field Studies,' which
provides a complete description of the data collection
process. The Northeast Corridor Regional Modeling
Project (NECRMP) is a multiphase program involving
EPA and State/local agencies in the development of
the regional oxidant model and its application of the
Northeastern United States. This document contains a
description of the Northeast Corridor Regional Model-
ing Project Urban Field Studies data base which has
been archived on magnetic tape. The data base con-
sists of (1) surface air quality and meteorological
measurements, (2) upper air temperature and wind
profiles, and (3) mixing heights obtained by acoustic
radar (SODAR).
298 Vol. 90, No. 24
Keywords: "Air pollution, Urban areas, Field tests. Me-
teorology, "Northeast Corridor Regional Modeling
Project, "Air quality. Northeastern Region(United
States).
PB85-166767/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Toxicity Reduction Test to Assist in Predicting
Land Treatability of Hazardous Organic Wastes,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
J. E. Matthews, and A. A. Bulich. Feb 85,31 p* EPA/
600/D-85/032, RSKERL/ADA-8412
Prepared in cooperation with Beckman Instruments,
Inc., Carlsbad, CA.
Migration of toxic organics contained in the water solu-
ble fraction (WSF) of land applied hazardous wastes
poses the most serious threat to ground-water re-
sources. A toxicity reduction (TR) test system is being
proposed that will serve to determine if, and to what
extent, attenuation of WSF organic constituents will
occur in a well-managed land treatment system. The
test system employs reduction of acute toxicity exert-
ed by WSF organics over time as the measurement cri-
teria. Acute toxicity of the WSF for three loading rates
is determined using a bacterial bioluminescence
assay. Dose-response curves for each loading rate
and subsequent time interval are compared with those
of previous sample sets. The waste is predicted to be a
candidate for land treatment if a significant reduction
of acute toxicity exists during the experimental period
at any of the loading rates tested. The maximum ac-
ceptable initial loading rate (MAIL) for waste applica-
tion is predicted from these data. The predicted MAIL
rate is the highest rate tested in which toxicity reduc-
tion for the waste-soil WSF progresses steadily during
the experimental period with the Day-42 EC50 ap-
proaching 100 percent. The most extensive use of the
procedure to date has involved evaluation of land
treatability for oily wastes from different sources within
a refinery; i.e., lagoon bottom sludge, API separator
sludge, slop oil emulsion solids, and Dissolved Air Flo-
tation unit skimmings. Results from these evaluation
tests indicate the potential usefulness of the TR proce-
dure as one of the initial tests conducted in a laborato-
ry screening test sequence for predicting land treat-
ability potential of organic hazardous wastes.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Toxicity, "Organic
compounds, "Ground water, Assessments, Transport
properties, Bioassay, Water pollution, "Land disposal,
"Toxic substances, Oil wastes, Liquid waste disposal.
PB85-166775/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Biochemical Effects of Sulfuric Acid Mist Inhala-
tion by Human Sub|ects while at Rest. Journal arti-
cle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. Chaney, W. Blomquist, K. Muller, and P. DeWitt.
1980, 8p EPA/600/J-80/452
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, v35 n5
p270-275 Sep/Oct 80.
The study evaluated the effect of sulfuric acid aerosol
exposure for 2 consecutive days on seven human bio-
chemical blood parameters. A total of 20 human sub-
jects were exposed to 100 micrograms per cu. m. sul-
furic acid aerosol for 4 hr/day for 2 consecutive days.
A total of 17 human subjects were exposed to 4 hr of
ambient air on both exposure days. The chemical
blood parameters were measured pre- and post-expo-
sure, and 20 hr after the second exposure: serum glu-
tathione, red blood cell glutathione reductase, red
blood cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lyso-
zyme, serum glutamic oxaloacetic acid transaminase,
serum vitamin E, and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. The re-
sults indicate no significant response in any of the
seven biochemical blood parameters measured. At
this level, repeated exposure did not over-burden the
upper airway defense against acid aerosol.
Keywords: "Sulfuric acid, "Toxicology, Mist, Inhalation,
Humans, Aerosols, Exposure, Reprints.
PB85-167245/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Technology Assessment of Sequencing Batch Re-
actors,
Notre Dame Univ., IN. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
R. L. Irvine. Feb 85,82p EPA/600/2-85/007
Contract EPA-68-03-3055
The innovative and alternative technology provisions
of the Clean Water Act of 1977 (PL 95-217) provide fi-
nancial incentives to communities which use
wastewater treatment alternatives that reduce costs of
energy consumption over conventional systems.
Some of these technologies have been only recently
developed and are not in widespread use in this coun-
try. In an effort to increase awareness of the potential
benefits of such alternatives and to encourage their
implementation where applicable, the Municipal Envi-
ronmental Research Laboratory has initiated this
series of Emerging Technology Assessment reports.
This document discusses the applicability and eco-
nomic feasibility of utilizing Sequencing Batch Reac-
tors as a viable alternative to conventional continuous
flow activated sludge facilities for the treatment of mu-
nicipal wastewater.
Keywords: "Municipalities, "Sewage treatment, Feasi-
bility, Cost effectiveness, Energy, Technology assess-
ment, 'Sequencing batch reactors, Alternative plan-
ning, Clean Water Act of 1977.
PB85-167898	Not available NTIS
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Thermally Desorbable Passive Sampling Device
for Volatile Organic Chemicals in Ambient Air.
Journal article,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
R, G. Lewis, J. D. Mulik, R. W. Coutant, G. W. Wooten,
and C. R. McMillin. C1985,8p EPA/600/J-85/005
Contracts EPA-68-02-3487, EPA-68-02-3469
Prepared in cooperation with Monsanto Co., Dayton,
OH.
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry 57, n1 p214-219 Jan 85.
A high-performance passive sampler was developed
for short-term, low-level air monitoring applications.
The small, stainless-steel device is simply designed
and inexpensive. It has a high equivalent sampling
rate, is reusable and rechargeable and is designed for
thermal desorption. Laboratory and field tests with
Tenax GC as the sorbent have shown that the device
compares very favorably with active (pump-based)
samplers and has much better sensitivity than com-
mercial passive monitors which utilize activated char-
coal. Performance was examined under controlled test
chamber atmospheres and in actual outdoor and
indoor situations. Sampling rates were calculated for
several volatile organic chemicals. An extensive eval-
uation of the effects of air velocity on performance
also was undertaken. (Copyright (c) 1984 American
Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Samplers, 'Air pollution, 'Sorbents,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Comparison,
Field tests, Experimental design, Industrial hygiene,
Exposure, "Volatile organic compounds, "High per-
formance passive samplers, 'Air pollution sampling,
'Tenax GC resins, Indoor air pollution.
PB85-167906/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Methodology for Ranking the Degree of Hazard
Associated with Exposure to Carcinogens and
Other Toxic Chemicals,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
E. L. Anderson, M. Chu, M. Dourson, and C. DeRosa.
Feb 85,57p EPA/600/D-85/040
A hazard index is an overall indicator of the potential
harm of a hazardous substance to humans and the en-
vironment. This paper describes the use of a carcino-
genicity index and a systemic (chronic) toxicity index in
setting reportable quantities under Section 101(14) of
the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Com-
pensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980. The
three types of evidence used to evaluate a sub-
stance's carcinogenic hazard are (1) epidemiological,
(2) experimental and (3) supportive evidence from
short-term tests, metabolism and pharmacokinetics
and structure-activity correlations. Hazardous sub-
stances suspected of carcinogenic potential are
ranked by the level of this evidence and the potency
factor. The potency factor is /ED(sub 10), where
ED(sub 10) is the estimated dose associated with a
lifetime cancer risk of 10%. The toxicity index for sub-
stances with systemic (chronic) toxicity potential is
based on the minimum effective dose levels for chron-
ic exposures via environmental media and the type of
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
chemicals associated with other diseases have been
evaluated and assigned a hazard ranking.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Environmental sur-
veys, "Public health, Chemical compounds, Carcino-
gens, Toxicity, Epidemiology, Experimental design,
Metabolism, Exposure, 'Toxic substances, 'Ranking,
Pharmacokinetics, Cancer.
PB85-167914/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of a Site-Specific Criterion Using Out-
door Experimental Streams,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Monticello, MN.
Monticello Ecological Research Station.
S. F. Hedtke, and J. W. Arthur. Feb 85,25p EPA/600/
D-85/041
An overview of a study to evaluate a site-specific water
quality criteria for pentachlorophenol (PCP) in outdoor
experimental streams is presented. The site-specific
criterion was calculated from acute toxicity results for
eight resident species and the relationship between
acute and chronic toxicity of PCP. The PCP concentra-
tion expected to protect aquatic life (30-day average
criterion concentration) was less than or equal to 48
micrograms/l. Outdoor experimental streams were
subsequently dosed continuously for 84 days at 48,
144, and 432 micrograms PCP/I. Measurements of the
biological structure and ecosystem processes within
the exposure streams were compared to a control
system. Effects on snails were found only at 432 mi-
crograms/l, but effects on fish, periphyton, and system
metabolism were found at 432, 144, and 48 micro-
grams/l. The small differences between the criterion-
dosed stream (48 micrograms/l) and the control
stream may have been caused by PCP or interstream
variation.
Keywords: 'Phenols, 'Water quality management,
"Streams, "Toxicity, Chlorine organic compounds,
Aquatic animals, Snails, Metabolism, Dosage, Protec-
tion, Evaluation, Water quality criteria, Phenol/chloro,
Ecosystems, PCP.
PB85-167922/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Intramolecular Motion and Reorlentational Bar-
riers in 9-Fluorenone, 4-Methyl-9-Fluorenone and
4,S-Dimethyl-9-Fluorenone. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
N. K. Wilson. 1985,6p EPA/600/J-85/006
Pub. in Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry, v23 n1 p12-
15 Jan 85.
Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spin-lattice re-
laxation times and nuclear Overhauser enhancements
were measured as functions of temperature for the hy-
drogen-bearing carbons in 9-fluorenone, 4-methyl-9-
fluorenone, and 4,5-dimethyl-9-fluorenone. Reorienta-
tional diffusion constants were obtained from the dipo-
lar T1 values. Isotropic overall molecular motion was
assumed, and the methyl group rotation was separat-
ed from the overall molecular reorientation by the
method of Woessner. Arrhenius plots of the depend-
ence of the rotation rates on temperature provided
values of the energy barriers for molecular reorienta-
tion and methyl group rotation.
Keywords: 'Nuclear magnetic resonance, 'Spin lattice
relaxation, Temperature, Molecular rotation, Reprints,
"Fluorenone, 'Fluorenone/methyl, 'Fiuorenone/di-
methyl.
PB85-167930/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Status Report on the Development of the NAPAP
(National Add Precipitation Assessment Program)
Emission Inventory for the 1980 Base Year and
Summary of Preliminary Data. Rept. for Jan 83-Jun
84,
Engineering-Science, Fairfax, VA.
D. A. Toothman, J. C. Yates, and E. J. Sabo. Dec 84,
93p EPA/600/7-84/091
Contract EPA-68-02-3509
The report documents the compilation of a 1980 emis-
sions inventory for use in the National Acid Precipita-
tion Assessment Program (NAPAP). The current in-
ventory (Version 3.0) contains point source data for
over 50,000 plants (with over 201,000 emission points)
and area source data for the 3,069 counties in the 48
contiguous states and the District of Columbia. Emis-
sions of S02, NOx, VOC, CO, and particulates are in-
cluded in the inventory, but the report focuses on S02,
NOx, and VOC which are of primary interest for acid
deposition research. NAPAP Version 3.0 emissions of
S02, NOx, and VOC are 27.1, 23.7, and 23.3 million
tons per year, respectively. Summaries of emissions
by source category, geographic region, state, fuel type,
season, and stack height range are given, along with
emission density maps and fuel use summaries. Emis-
sions in the NAPAP data base are in reasonable
agreement with Work Group 3B and EPA/OAQPS
emissions trends estimates. NAPAP fuel use data
show reasonable agreement with fuel values in DOE's
State Energy Data Report. Version 3.0 of NAPAP rep-
resents a detailed inventory of emissions on a national
scale; however, it should be noted that additional im-
provements are planned.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, United States, Assessments,
Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Carbon monoxide, Par-
ticles, Sources, Fuels, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Chimneys, 'Emission inventories, 'Acid rain,
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program,
Point sources, Volatile organic compounds.
PB85-167948/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Gaseous and Particulate Emissions from Gaso-
line- and Diesel-Powered Heavy-Duty Trucks,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. N. Braddock, and N. Perry. Feb 85,94p EPA/600/D-
85/037
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Gaseous and particulate emission rates from seven
class 2B, one class 5 and six class 6 heavy-duty gaso-
line- and diesel-powered trucks were determined using
transient chassis dynamometer test procedures. All
vehicles were tested at approximately 70% of their
rated gross vehicle weight over the Heavy-Duty Tran-
sient Cycle and the Durham Road Route driving
cycles. The sensitivity of emission rates to vehicle con-
figuration, engine design, and driving cycle character-
istics was examined. Emissions characterization in-
cluded total hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, oxides
of nitrogen, fuel economy, total particulate matter, par-
ticulate organics, inert material, particle size less than
2 micrometers, and lead, bromine, and chlorine analy-
ses. All class 2B truck emission rates were less than
class 5 or 6 truck emission rates. Hydrocarbon and
carbon monoxide emissions and fuel consumption
were significantly higher with the gasoline trucks than
with the diesel trucks. Total particulate, particulate or-
ganics, and inert material emissions were significantly
greater with the diesel trucks. Hydrocarbons, carbon
monoxide, total particulate emissions, and fuel con-
sumption were sensitive to the characteristics of the
transient driving cycles.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Parti-
cles, 'Trucks, Diesel engines, Gasoline engines, Hy-
drocarbons, Carbon monoxide. Fuel consumption,
Dynamometers, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides,
Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition), "Heavy
duty vehicles.
PB85-167955/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Histopathoiogy,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Agricultural Experiment
Station.
T. R. Meyers, and J. D. Hendricks, Feb 85, 53p TP-
5591, EPA/600/D-85/034
Overt signs of toxicity (loss of appetite, loss of equilibri-
um, discoloration, or death) are nearly always preced-
ed by biochemical, physiological, and/or morphologi-
cal changes in the organism. The ability to qualitatively
or quantitatively measure these changes prior to death
of the organism can often provide early indications of
toxicity and valuable insights into the mechanisms of
toxicity. This chapter concerns the field of histopatho-
logy and its importance, use, and application in aquatic
toxicology. Histopathoiogy is the study of the structure
of abnormal tissue. Examination of tissues from fish
and other aquatic organisms after death may serve to
identify the cause of death and possibly the causative
agent. This information along with physiological and
biochemical data may provide a more complete and
accurate description of the activity of a chemical
agent.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, "Chemical compounds,
"Aquatic animals, 'Pathology, 'Toxicity, Death, Cause
effect relationships, Physiology, Biochemistry, "Water
pollution effects(Animals), "Histopathoiogy.
PB85-168003/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Proceedings of Stormwater and Water Quality
Model Users Group Meeting, April 12-13, 1984.
Final rept.,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
T. O. Barnwell. Jan 85, 308p* EPA/600/9-85/003
See also PB83-145540.
This proceedings includes 17 papers on topics related
to the development and application of computer based
mathematical models for water quality and quantity
management. The papers were presented at the semi-
annual meeting of the Joint U.S.-Canadian Stormwater
and Water Quality Model Users Group held on 12-13,
1984, in Detroit, Michigan. Two papers discuss the ap-
plication of microcomputers to real-time control of
combined sewer overflows and to the estimation of nu-
trient and pollutant loadings. In separate papers, the
SWMM program is applied to hydraulic modeling in an
unsteady pressure flow regime and to sensitivity analy-
sis of water quality predictions. Other model applica-
tions include HSPF to simulate stormwater and water
quality aspects of ponds and WASP to simulate acidifi-
cation of lakes. A combined hydrologic time series and
topographic database manager (CHGTSM) is present-
ed, and revisions to the QUAL-2 water quality model
are discussed.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Mathematical models, 'Water
quality management, 'Meetings, Combined sewers,
Streams, Lakes. Acidity, Hydrology, Mathematical
models, Ponds, Estuaries, Watersheds, Aeration,
Thermal pollution, Temperature, Rainfall, Water stor-
age, Rain gages, FORTRAN, Computerized simula-
tion, 'Storm water runoff, Agricultural watersheds, Or-
ganic loading, Microcomputers, SWMM model, Design
storm, Qual 2 model.
PB85-168433/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Beryllium.
Review Draft,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
R. Elias, K. S. Lavappa, M. Piscator, A. L. Reeves, and
C. Sakai. Dec 84,179p EPA/600/8-84/026A
The properties of beryllium resemble those of alumi-
num, zinc, and magnesium. The main routes of berylli-
um intake are inhalation and ingestion. The chemical
properties of beryllium are such that transformation of
soluble to insoluble forms of inhaled beryllium results
in long retention time in the lungs. Absorbed beryllium
is deposited mainly in the skeleton, where the biologi-
cal half-time is fairly long. The lung is the critical organ
of both acute and chronic noncarcinogenic effects.
However, the lung effects caused by chronic exposure
may be combined with systemic effects. Certain berylli-
um compounds have been shown to be carcinogenic
in various experimental animals under differing routes
of exposure. Epidemiologic studies present equivocal
conclusions on the carcinogenicity of beryllium and be-
ryllium compounds. A lifetime cancer risk for continu-
ous inhalation exposure at 1 micrograms beryllium/cu
m has been estimated.
Keywords: 'Beryllium, 'Environmental surveys,
'Public health, 'Industrial hygiene, Epidemiology, Lab-
oratory animals, Exposure, Air pollution, Toxicology,
Risk, Metabolism, Water pollution, Soils, Assess-
ments, Mutagens, 'Toxic substances, 'Beryllium com-
pounds, 'Occupational safety and health. Cancer.
PB85-168441/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Economic Effects of Ozone on Agriculture,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Agricultural and
Resource Economics.
R. M. Adams, S. A. Hamilton, and B. A. McCarl. Sep
84,191 p EPA/600/3-84/090
Past attempts to assess the monetary impacts of
ozone or other air pollutants on agriculture have had
only sparse plant science information on which to base
an assessment. This paper reports on an economic
assessment of the effects of simulated changes in am-
bient ozone on U.S. agriculture using recent crop re-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sponse data from the National Crop Loss Assessment
Network (NCLAN). The economic analysis is limited to
those ozone effects directly associated with produc-
tion and consumption of a set of agricultural commod-
ities. Effects on non-agricultural commodities and
compliance costs of achieving the simulated changes
in ozone are not evaluated here and hence, these eco-
nomic estimates are not necessarily net economic ef-
fects. The results are derived from an economic analy-
sis based on a U.S. agricultural sector model that in-
cludes major crop and livestock production as well as
processing and export uses. The economic effects of
four hypothetical ambient ozone levels are measured
and compared with a 1980 base situation. The analysis
indicates that the economic effects as measured in
income-equivalents to producers and consumers of
agricultural commodities of moderate (25 percent)
ozone change below ambient levels are approximately
$1.7 to $1.9 billion. A similar increase in ozone pollu-
tion results in costs (losses in income) of $2.1 to $2.4
billion. These economic estimates display varying sen-
sitivity to the form of the response and meteorological
data incorporated in the assessment.
Keywords: "Agriculture economics, "Ozone, * Air pollu-
tion, Assessments, Reviews, Farm crops, Environmen-
tal impacts, Livestock, Economic analysis. United
States, Concentration(Composition), Plants(Botany),
*Air pollution effects(Plants).
PB85-168748/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Georgia, Water Year
1983. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 82-30 Sep 83
Geological Survey, Doraville, GA. Water Resources
Div.
W. R. Stokes, T. W. Hale, J. L. Pearman, and G. R.
Bruell. Jun 84,377p USGS/WDR/GA-83/1, USGS/
WRD/HD-84/043
See also PB84-128412.
Water resources data for the 1983 water year for
Georgia consists of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes
and reservoirs; and ground-water levels. This report
contains discharge records of 104 gaging stations;
stage for 11 gaging stations; stage and contents for 17
lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 14 continuous
stations, 107 periodic stations and miscellaneous
sites; peak stage and discharge only for 122 crest-
stage partial-record stations and 4 miscellaneous
sites; and water levels of 28 observation wells.
Keywords: 'Ground water, "Surface waters, "Georgia,
Water quality, Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow rate,
Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Tempera-
ture, "Water quality data, "Hydrologic data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB85-168771/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
Characterization of Hazardous Waste Sites, a
Methods Manual. Volume 2. Available Sampling
Methods (Second Edition),
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
P. J. Ford, P. J. Turina, and D. E. Seely. Dec 84,303p*
EPA/600/4-84/076
Contract EPA-68-03-3050
See also PB84-191048. Prepared in cooperation with
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Investigations at hazardous waste sites and sites of
chemical spills often require on-site measurements
and sampling activities to assess the type and extent
of contamination. This document is a compilation of
sampling methods and materials suitable to address
most needs that arise during routine waste site and
hazardous spill investigations. The sampling methods
presented in this document are compiled by media,
and were selected on the basis of practicality, eco-
nomics, representativeness, compatability with analyti-
cal considerations, and safety, as well as other criteria.
In addition to sampling procedures, sample handling
and shipping, chain-of-custody procedures, instrument
certification, equipment fabrication, and equipment de-
contamination procedures are described. Sampling
methods for soil, sludges, sediments, and bulk materi-
als cover the solids medium. Ten methods are detailed
for surface waters, groundwater and containerized liq-
uids; twelve are presented for ambient air, soil gases
and vapors, and headspace gases. A brief discussion
of ionizing radiation survey instruments is also provid-
ed.
300 Vol. 90, No. 24
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Manuals, "Chemi-
cal analysis, "Solid waste disposal, Assessments,
Sampling, Sites, Soil analysis. Sludges, Sediments,
Ionizing radiation, Water pollution, Ground water, Air
pollution, Aerosols, Monitors, "Chemical spills, "Air
pollution detection, "Water pollution detection, "Air
pollution sampling, "Water pollution sampling.
PB85-168995/HSU	PC E99
Mountain Communities Wastewater Management
Alternatives Report.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Nov 84, 511 p-in 4v
Set includes PB85-169001 through PB85-169035.
No abstract available.
PB85-169001/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Mountain Communities Wastewater Management
Alternatives Report. Volume 1. Summary Docu-
ment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Nov 84, 25p EPA/904/10-84/124
See also PB85-169019.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB85-
168995.
This Alternatives Report is an interim document in the
Mountain Communities Wastewater Management As-
sessment. The Report identifies and discusses avail-
able engineering techniques, management systems,
and financial alternatives appropriate for use in moun-
tain communities. Following identification and descrip-
tion of available technical, management and financial
alternatives, methodologies are presented for select-
ing the most appropriate alternatives for a given situa-
tion. The Report is presented in four volumes: Volume I
- Summary Document.
Keywords: "Environmental impacts, "Waste water,
"Water quality management, Government policies,
Mountains, Communities, Assessments, Income, Pop-
ulations, Civil engineering, Local government, Financ-
ing, Georgia, Alternative planning, Atlanta(Georgia),
Institutional framework.
PB85-169019/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Mountain Communities Wastewater Management
Alternatives Report. Volume 2. Technical Engi-
neering Alternatives.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Nov 84,160p EPA/904/10-84/125
See also PB85-169001, and PB85-169027.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB85-
168995.
This volume contains Chapter 3-Technical Engineer-
ing Alternatives. Chapter Three describes applicable
technical approaches to wastewater management in
small mountainous communities by system type (on-
site, cluster, small community and centralized). Tabu-
lar summaries-fact sheets-of each system are also
included.
Keywords: "Environmental impacts, "Waste water,
"Water quality management, Government policies,
Mountains, Communities, Maintenance, Civil engineer-
ing, Sewage treatment, Waste disposal, Operations,
Alternative planning, Atlanta(Georgia).
PB85-169027/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Mountain Communities Wastewater Management
Alternatives Report. Volume 3. Institutional Man-
agement Alternatives.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Nov 84,119p EPA/904/10-84/126
See also PB85-169019, and PB85-169035.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB85-
168995.
Volume III of the Alternatives Development Report is
comprised of Chapter 4—'Institutional Management Al-
ternatives'. This chapter developes and describes in-
stitutional management systems which may be imple-
mented to meet the wastewater treatment and dispos-
al needs of mountain communities. Fact sheets de-
scribing the key components of each system are also
included. This chapter includes a discussion of the var-
ious functions which must be carried out by a manage-
ment agency and techniques or methods which can be
employed to successfully accomplish these functions.
Keywords: "Atlanta, "Environmental impacts. 'Waste
water, 'Water quality management, Government poli-
cies, Mountains, Communities, Monitoring, Education.
Construction, Operations, Licenses, Profiles, Waste
disposal. Alternative planning, Atlanta(Georgia), Own-
ership, Institutional framework.
PB85-169035/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Mountain Communities Wastewater Management
Alternatives Report. Volume 4. Financial Alterna-
tives.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Reqion
IV.
Nov 84, 207p EPA/904/10-84/127
See also PB85-169027.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB85-
168995.
This is the final volume of the Mountain Communities
Wastewater Management Assessment's Alternatives
Development Report. This volume contains Chapter 5
which identifies federal, state, local and private funding
sources available to mountain communities and pre-
sents a fact sheet summarizing key characteristics of
each applicable financial technique. Financing consid-
erations for innovative and alternative systems are dis-
cussed, and a method for selecting the most appropri-
ate financing technique in a given situation is present-
ed.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, "Waste water,
"Water quality management, Government policies.
Mountains, Communities, Financing, Construction,
Grants, Cost effectiveness, Budgeting, Alternative
planning, "Sewage treatment plants, Atlanta(Georgia).
PB85-169175/HSU	PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
National Urban Pesticide Applicator Survey: Final
Report.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
13 Apr 84,458p-in 3v
Set includes PB85-169183 through PB85-169209.
No abstract available.
PB85-169183/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
National Urban Pesticide Applicator Survey: Final
Report. Technical Volume 1. Survey Design and
Implementation,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. D. Waddell, F. W. Immerman, D. J. Drummond, and
M. B. Woodside. 13 Apr 84,141 p
Contract EPA-68-01-6646
See also PB85-169191.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB85-
169175.
A study has just been completed of pesticide usage in
three sectors of the commercial pest control industry-
tree, lawn and structural. This study was funded by the
ERA and was jointly sponsored by the three trade as-
sociations representing these sectors and the Asso-
ciation of American Pesticide Control Officials. A total
of 2,838 firms in the industry responded to the survey
by providing data for the year 1981. They represented
all regions of the country, and all firm sizes. The
sample included firms belonging to the cooperating
trade associations and other firms as well. About one
out of every three eligible businesses from individual
state licensing lists was included in the sample. All
states except North Dakota and Alaska participated
Sample selection was in accordance with a probability-
based design permitting valid statistical inferences for
each industry sector and geographical region. Re-
spondent eligibility criteria are indicative of trie scope
of the survey. A business was eligible if it-(1) was on a
state licensing list, (2) was in business in 1981, (3) pro-
vided commercial pest control services, and (4) did not
provide strictly agricultural pest control services.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Urban areas, "Pest control
Surveys, Design criteria, Licenses, State government'
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB85-169191/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs
National Urban Pesticide Applicator Survey: Final
Report. Technical Volume 2. Data Processing, Ed-
iting, and Weighting,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
F. W. Immerman, L. L. Piper, D. J. Drummond, J. R.
Pagano, and R. E. Folsom. 13 Apr 84,154p
Contract EPA-68-01-6646
See also PB85-169183, and PB85-169209.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB85-
169175.
A study has just been completed of pesticide usage in
three sectors of the commercial pest control industry-
tree, lawn and structural. This study was funded by the
EPA and was jointly sponsored by the three trade as-
sociations representing these sectors and the Asso-
ciation of American Pesticide Control Officials. A total
of 2,838 firms in the industry responded to the survey
by providing data for the year 1981. They represented
all regions of the country, and all firm sizes. The
sample included firms belonging to the cooperating
trade associations and other firms as well. About one
out of every three eligible businesses from individual
state licensing lists was included in the sample. All
states except North Dakota and Alaska participated.
Sample selection was in accordance with a probability-
based design permitting valid statistical inferences for
each industry sector and geographical region. Re-
spondent eligibility criteria are indicative of the scope
of the survey. A business was eligible if it—(1) was on a
state licensing list, (2) was in business in 1981, (3) pro-
vided commercial pest control services, and (4) did not
provide strictly agricultural pest control services.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Urban areas, 'Pest control,
Surveys, State government, Licenses, Design criteria,
Data processing.
PB85-169209/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
National Urban Pesticide Applicator Survey: Final
Report. Volume 3. Overview and Results,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
F. W. Immerman, and D. J. Drummond. 13 Apr 84,
163p
Contract EPA-68-01-6646
See also PB85-169191.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB85-
169175.
A study has just been completed of pesticide usage in
three sectors of the commercial pest control industry-
tree, lawn and structural. This study was funded by the
EPA and was jointly sponsored by the three trade as-
sociations representing these sectors and the Asso-
ciation of American Pesticide Control Officials. A total
of 2,838 firms in the industry responded to the survey
by providing data for the year 1981. They represented
all regions of the country, and all firm sizes. The
sample included firms belonging to the cooperating
trade associations and other firms as well. About one
out of every three eligible businesses from individual
state licensing lists was included in the sample. All
states except North Dakota and Alaska participated.
Sample selection was in accordance with a probability-
based design permitting valid statistical inferences for
each industry sector and geographical region. Re-
spondent eligibility criteria are indicative of the scope
of the survey. A business was eligible if it—(1) was on a
state licensing list, (2) was in business in 1981, (3) pro-
vided commercial pest control services, and (4) did not
provide strictly agricultural pest control services.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Urban areas, 'Pest control,
Surveys, Design criteria, Licenses, State government,
Questionnaires.
PB85-169217/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
Surface Water Hydrology, Water Quality, and
Aquatic Life of the Yampa River Basin, Colorado-
Wyoming: A Data Summary. Final rept.,
Engineering-Science, Inc., Denver, CO.
D. E. Ruiter, and M. B. Bishop. Sep 84,439p EPA/
908/3-84/003
Contract EPA-68-01 -6587
This document provides a summary of the available
surface water hydrology, water quality, and aquatic life
data for the Yampa River Basin of Colorado and Wyo-
ming. This report is intended to provide a reference
document for regulators, developers, and others who
may be involved in the study of aquatic ecosystems
within the region. More than 110 documents were re-
viewed during the compilation of this report and those
that contained pertinent data are summarized. Two
sections of the report are concerned with data defi-
ciencies and reference stream recommendations.
These sections should be useful in the design and im-
plementation of future studies within the region.
Keywords: "Surface waters, "Water pollution, 'Hydrol-
ogy, "Aquatic biology, Regions, Yampa River Basin,
Tables(Data), Benthos, Water quality, Fishes, Colora-
do, Wyoming, "Energy source development.
PB85-169225/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
Surface Water Hydrology, Water Quality, and
Aquatic Life of the Colorado-Utah Oil Shale
Region: A Data Summary. Final rept.,
Engineering-Science, Inc., Denver, CO.
D. E. Ruiter, and M. B. Bishop. Sep 84,891 p EPA/
908/3-84/002
Contract EPA-68-01 -6587
This document provides a summary of the available
surface water hydrology, water quality, and aquatic life
data for the oil shale region of Colorado and Utah. The
report is intended to provide a reference document for
regulators, developers, and others who may be In-
volved in the study of aquatic ecosystems within the
region. More than 160 documents were reviewed
during the compilation of this report and those that
contained pertinent data are summarized. Two sec-
tions of the report are concerned with data deficien-
cies and reference stream recommendations. These
sections should be useful in the design and implemen-
tation of future studies within the region.
Keywords: 'Surface waters, "Water pollution, "Aquatic
biology, "Hydrology, Water quality, Regions, Benthos,
Fishes, White River Basin, Green River Basin, Colora-
do River Basin, Colorado, Utah, "Oil shale deposits.
PB65-169316/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
National Air Pollutant Emission Estimates, 1940-
1983.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Dec 84,59p EPA/450/4-84/028
Supersedes PB84-121391.
This report presents estimates of trends in nationwide
air pollutant emissions for the six major pollutants: par-
ticulates, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, volatile organ-
ic compounds, carbon monoxide and lead. Estimates
are presented for each year from 1940 through 1983.
Emission estimates are broken down according to
major classifications of air pollution sources. A snort
analysis of trends is given, along with a discussion of
methods used to develop the data.
Keywords: "Air pollution, Trends, Sources, Particles,
Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur oxides, Tables(Data), Carbon
monoxide, Lead(Metal), Exhaust emissions, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, "Emission factors,
Volatile organic compounds, Stationary sources.
PB85-169597/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) Uptake
by Plants: Methodology and Initial Investigations,
Clemson Univ., SC. Dept. of Environmental Systems
Engineering.
J. Coates, A. W. Elzerman, and A. W. Garrison. Feb 85,
18p EPA/600/D-85/038
Contract EPA-68-01-2281
An analytical protocol was developed that allows
quantification of 16 PAHs in grain sorghum and fescue
grass. Compounds are extracted from the plant stem
and foliage by homogenation/solication using acetoni-
trile as the primary solvent. The extract is cleaned up
by solvent partitioning into pentane followed by ad-
sorption chromatography on silicic acid, then analyzed
by GC-FID. This method can be used to measure PAH
concentrations at the 25 micrograms/kg level in the
plant.
Keywords: 'Plants(Botany), 'Aromatic polycyclic hy-
drocarbons, "Environmental surveys, "Chemical anal-
ysis, Vegetation, Extraction, Sampling, Field tests,
Concentration(Composition), Gas chromatography,
"Organic materials, Natural emissions.
PB85-1B9605/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Overview of EPA's (Environmental Protection
Agency's) Limb Technology Development Pro-
gram,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
D. G. Lachapelle. Feb 85,31 p EPA/600/D-85/042
The paper gives an overview of EPA's Limestone In-
jection with Multistage Burners (LIMB) program, a pro-
gram for research, development, and demonstration of
cost-effective emissions control technology for coal-
fired boilers that can reduce both sulfur oxides (SOx)
and nitrogen oxides (NOx), The LIMB concept uses
low-NOx burners plus sorbent injection to control
these pollutants simultaneously. LIMB technology rep-
resents a lower cost alternative to currently available
SOx control approaches such as flue gas desulfuriza-
tion, coal cleaning, and coal switching. LIMB technolo-
gy is especially attractive where coal-fired boilers must
be retrofitted to minimize emissions of NOx and SOx,
which are major acid rain precursors. This is due to
LIMB's relative ease of retrofit to both small and large
coal-fired boilers and its lower cost. LIMB performance
goals are: (for retrofit) to achieve a 50-60% reduction
of both SOx and NOx from uncontrolled levels; and (for
new units) to achieve a 70-80% reduction of NOx and
a 70-90% reduction of SOx from uncontrolled levels.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, Sulfur oxides, Nitro-
gen oxides, Cost analysis, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, Performance evaluation, Boilers, Sor-
bents, "Limestone injection, Flue gas desulfurization,
LIMB program.
PB85-169613/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Field Confirmation of a Laboratory-Derived
Hazard Assessment of the Acute Toxicity of
Fenthlon to Pink Shrimp, 'Penaeus duorarum',
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
P. W. Borthwick, J. R. Clark, R. M. Montgomery, J. M.
Patrick, and E. M. Lores. Feb 85, 27p EPA/600/D-85/
033
Prepared in cooperation with University of West Flori-
da, Pensacola.
Field studies were conducted to determine if laborato-
ry protocols accurately predict shrimp mortality under
field conditions. Fenthion, a mosquitocide, was applied
to coastal marshes in several truck-mounted ultra-low
volume (ULV) adulticide operations, and by direct ap-
plication at the larvicide rate. Pink shrimp (Penaeus
duorarum) were deployed in floating cages and ob-
served for mortality. Water samples characterized the
exposure regime and fate of fenthion at the field sites.
The acute flow-through 96-h LC50 of 0.11 micro-
grams/I was used as a conservative estimate of the
expected toxicity in field exposures. An exposure pro-
file based on measured field concentrations was used
for laboratory pulse-exposures: fenthion was metered
for 2 h to specified maximum concentrations, then
flushed with seawater to cause a 6 to 8 h exposure,
yielding a no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) of
0.84 micrograms/1. Four ULV sprays produced water
concentrations less than NOEC and no fenthion-in-
duced shrimp mortality. However, the direct applica-
tion's water concentrations ranged from 15 to 20 mi-
crograms/! (less than NOEC) and caused extensive
mortality (90 to 100%), Field observations confirmed
our hypothesis that if peak fenthion concentrations
were lower than the laboratory NOEC, then no mortali-
ty would occur, whereas if maximum concentrations
exceeded the NOEC, mortality would occur. These
laboratory toxicity tests can predict the range of lethal
and non-lethal acute field exposures to fenthion for
pink shrimp when exposure regimes are similar.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Shrimps, "Water pollution, Pes-
ticides, Hazards, Mortality, Sampling, Exposure, Field
tests, Concentration, Sea water, Cullcidae, Spraying,
Chemical analysis, Minnows, Survival, "Penaeus duor-
arum, Fenthion, Salt marshes.
PB85-169621/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Development of a Guidance Manual for the Selec-
tion and Use of Sorbents for Liquid Hazardous
Substance Releases,
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
R. Melvold, S. Gibson, R. Scarberry, W. Ellis, and M.
Royer. Feb 85, 20p EPA/600/D-85/015
Contract EPA-68-03-3113
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Services, Inc., Newbury Park, CA.
This study was conducted to provide information for
the selection and use of sorbents for cleanup or con-
trol of liquid hazardous substances. Literature reviews,
sorbent manufacturer data and experiences of On-
Scene Coordinators were reviewed in conjunction with
laboratory studies. These laboratory studies deter-
mined the compatibility and sorption capacity of se-
lected representative hazardous liquid-sorbent pairs.
The combined experimental and literature data are
being used to prepare A Guidance Manual for the Se-
lection and Use of Sorbents for Hazardous Substance
Releases. On-Scene Coordinators and their technical
support personnel are the primary target audience for
the Manual. To utilize the Manual, the user must first
identify the spilled liquid. If it is one of the 200+ liquid
hazardous substances addressed in the Manual, a ref-
erence is provided to one of 25 'Sorbent Selection and
Use Guides'. Each of the 'Guides' enables the user to
rapidly identify generic sorbent classes, physical
forms, and methods for application and collection that
are most suitable for each of four different chemical re-
lease-control scenarios: (1) a spill onto land; (2) a float-
ing release into water; (3) a non-floating release into
water; and (4) immobilization for landfilling. The
Manual contains 'Sorbent Data Sheets' for 13 generic
classes of sorbents other than activated carbon.
These data sheets contain information on manufactur-
ers, acquisition costs, bulk density and sorbent limita-
tions. The sorption capacity of 190 sorbent-chemical
pairs was determined and recorded in the Manual. The
Manual also includes cost and estimation procedures,
test methods, hazardous liquid physical properties,
and a description of the rationale for the release-con-
trol scenarios.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Manuals, 'Sor-
bents, 'Environmental surveys, Physical properties,
Water pollution, Cost analysis, 'Hazardous materials
spills, Land pollution.
PB85-169688	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Histological Progression of Hepatic Neoplasia in
Rainbow Trout ('Salmo gairdneri'). Journal article,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Agricultural Experiment
Station.
J. D. Hendricks, T. R. Meyers, and D. W. Shelton.
C1984,21 p EP A/600/J-84/237
Pub. in National Cancer Institute Monograph 65, p321-
336 May 84.
The histological progression of hepatic neoplasia has
not been as systematically studied in rainbow trout as
it has been in rodents. Two putative preneoplastic le-
sions have been identified, the eosinophilic focus and
the basophilic focus, but whether these correspond to
similar lesions in rodent livers is not known. Preneo-
plastic liver lesions in rodents have been extensively
characterized histochemically, but adaptation of these
techniques to trout livers has not always been suc-
cessful. Attempts at differentiation between benign
and malignant liver lesions appear arbitrary. The au-
thors believe the best classification of the neoplastic
liver lesion is trout in a hepatocellular carcinoma be-
cause the potential for malignant behavior always
exists and, with sufficient time, can often be histologi-
cally demonstrated. The authors have also described
our experience with the characteristics of other liver le-
sions associated with hepatocarcinogenesis.
Keywords: 'Trout, 'Animal diseases, 'Liver neo-
plasms, Histology, Adaptation, Malignant neoplasms,
Carcinoma, Exposure, Tumors, Photomicrographs,
Cells(Biology), Reprints. Lesions, "Salmo gairdneri.
PB85-169779/HSU	pc A02/MF A01
Department of Energy, Las Vegas, NV. Nevada Oper-
ations Office.
Results of a Surveillance Program for Persons
Living Around the Nevada Test Site - 1971 to
1980. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
R. G. Patzer, and M. E. Kaye. 1982,14p EPA/600/J-
82/441
Pub. in Health Physics 43, n6 p791-801 Dec 82. Spon-
sored by Department of Energy, Las Vegas, NV.
Nevada Operations Office.
A continuing program has been conducted since 1970
to determine levels of radioactive nuclides in adults
and children from families residing in communities and
ranches surrounding the Nevada Test Site. Twice each
year these persons receive a whole-body count and
physical examination; a urine sample from each is also
submitted for radionuclide analyses. The only fission-
product radionuclide routinely found in whole-body
counting has been Cesium 137 concentrations similar
to those in persons living in other areas of the United
States. The physical examinations reveal a generally
healthy population, and urine samples have shown no
remarkable radionuclide content.
Keywords: "Populations, 'Health physics, Adults, Chil-
dren, Communities, Cesium 137, Radiation effects,
Reprints, 'Nevada Test Site, 'Radiation monitoring,
"Body burden, 'Radionuclide kinetics.
PB85-169787/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
GAC (Granular Activated Carbon) Treatment
Costs: A Sensitivity Analysis. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. M. Clark, R. G. Eilers, and B. W. Lykins. 1984,17p
EPA/600/J-84/231
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Engineering, ASCE, v110
n4 p737-750 Aug 84.
Although admittedly effective for removing organic
compounds, concerns have been raised about the
cost of using GAC for treating drinking water. This
paper is devoted to the discussion of the cost of granu-
lar activated carbon for removing organic compounds
from drinking water. Activated carbon has been shown
to be effective for removing a broad spectrum of or-
ganics from drinking water (VOC's, SOC's, TOC, etc)
but is most effective for removing high molecular
weight compounds. The costs developed in this paper
coupled with the proper performance relationships
should be useful for all of these applications. Extensive
cost sensitivity analysis is performed. Several varia-
bles are identified as being important. These include
choice of system configuration, loading rate and size
of system, reactivation frequency, interest rate and
design life of system, local construction and operating
costs and carbon use rate.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, Potable water, Industrial
wastes, Runoff, Urban areas, Operating costs, Cost
analysis, Performance evaluation, Reprints, 'Granular
activated carbon treatment, 'Halomethanes.
PB85-169795/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Field Applications of Chemical Time-Series Sam-
pling. Journal article,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
J. F. Keely, and F. Wolf. 1983,11p EPA/600/J-83/272
Pub. in Ground Water Monitoring Review 3, n4 p26-33
Oct-Dec 83.
Two municipal supply wells in Lakewood, Washington,
were found to be contaminated with trichloroethylene,
transdichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene. Se-
quential samples were taken for chemical analyses, in
conjunction with drawdown measurement during aqui-
fer (pump) tests designed to help characterize the
problem site. Plots of the chemical concentrations
against duration (or volume) or pumping yielded pat-
terns which lent insight into the orientation of the con-
taminant source. Analogies are drawn here between
interpretation of these chemical time-series patterns
and interpretations of breakthrough curves in tracer
experiments. Examination of the data also infer the
distinct possibility of serious interpretation errors aris-
ing from conventional sampling.
Keywords: 'Sewers, 'Industrial wastes, 'Water pollu-
tion, 'Water analysis, Field tests, Sampling, Potable
water, Chemical analysis, Sites, Reprints, 'Water pol-
lution detection, "Water pollution sampling, Tracer
studies, Ethylene/trichloro, Ethylens/dichloro, Ethyl-
ene/tetrachloro.
PB85-169803/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Economics of Reglonaiizatlon: An Overview. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research Div.
R. M. Clark. 1983,36p EPA/600/J-83/271
Pub. in American Society of Civil Engineers Mono-
graph, 30p Oct/Dec 83.
Regionalization is often suggested as a means of solv-
ing a large number of water supply problems. Unfortu-
nately the word regionalization has many different
meanings. Among other meanings, it can be a coordi-
nated approach between independently owned and
managed organizations or a single institution that has
sole responsibility for water supply over a large area.
Finding a universally applicable definition for regional-
ization is difficult. Passage of the Safe Drinking Water
Act of 1974 (PL 93-523) emphasizes the need for
water supply professionals to seriously consider re-
gionalization issues. The Act which requires the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and State
agencies to develop and enforce water quality stand-
ards, will have a significant impact on the ways in
which surveyors view their responsibility for supplying
treated water to the consumer.
Keywords: "Economic factors, "Water supply, "Re-
gional planning, Economic analysis, Water distribution,
Systems engineering, Standards, Potable water, Com-
munities, Tables(Data), Cost analysis, Graphs(Charts),
Safe Drinking Water Act of 1984.
PB85-169845/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Performance Evaluation of an Improved Street
Sweeper. Final rept. Jul 82-Jul 84,
Air Pollution Technology, Inc., San Diego, CA.
M. Duncan, R. Jain, S. C. Yung, and R. Patterson. Mar
85,242p EPA/600/7-85/008
Contract EPA-68-02-3902
Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
The report gives results of an extensive evaluation of
the Improved Street Sweeper (ISS) in Bellevue, WA,
and in San Diego, CA. The cleaning performance of
the ISS was compared with that of broom sweepers
and a vacuum sweeper. The ISS cleaned streets
better than the other sweepers. Typically, the broom
sweepers removed 20% of the street solids, the
vacuum sweeper, 70%, and the ISS, 80%. Additional-
ly, the ISS was the only sweeper tested that gave a
constant, low level of residual street solids that was in-
dependent of the initial amount of street solids. Dust
emissions from paved streets can be controlled by
street cleaning, but the commonly used broom and
vacuum street sweepers are ineffective in removing
small particles from the street surface, and they dis-
perse the dust into the air during sweeping. A.P.T. im-
proved a commercial vacuum sweeper under a previ-
ous EPA contract and, in earlier limited testing,
showed that the ISS cleans streets better and dis-
perses less dust.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Dust control,
'Streets, Performance evaluation, Cleaning, 'Street
sweepers.
PB85-169860/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Relationship of Fly Ash Composition, Refractive
Index, and Density to In-Stack Opacity. Final rept.
Jun 81-May 82,
Atmospheric Research Group, Altadena, CA.
S. J. Cowen, and D. S. Ensor. Feb 85,66p EPA/600/7-
85/003
The report gives results of an investigation of the re-
fractive index, density, and composition of fly ash from
coal-fired boilers, aimed at determining: (1) the interre-
lationship of refractive index and composition, and (2)
the significance of ash properties on in-stack plume
opacity. A survey was made of 14 ash samples repre-
senting a wide range of coals. Light absorption was
measured using the Integrating Plate Method, which
compares light absorption through a clean filter to that
through a filter with a single layer of aerosol. Only ab-
sorption is measured, while scattered light is integrat-
ed equally for both cases. This technique requires fine
particles (volume absorbers) for easy interpretation of
results. The technique was calibrated using an aero-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sol, methylene blue, with known absorption character-
istics. The real part of the refractive index was meas-
ured by an oil immersion technique. The real refractive
index and density were found to be highly correlated
with composition with a multilinear regression equa-
tion. The absorbing refractive index was well correlat-
ed with ash carbon content. The modeling of in-stack
opacity showed a weak dependence on ash optical
properties for the range of ashes studied. The effect of
the real part of the refractive index on opacity tends to
be counterbalanced by particle density effects. Fur-
thermore, most fly ash absorbs relatively little light.
Keywords: * Fly ash, "Refractivity, *Density(Mass/
volume), 'Opacity, "Air pollution, 'Chemical com-
pounds, Plumes, Optical properties, Particles, Industri-
al wastes, Combustion products, Solid wastes.
PB8S-169878/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Modified Method S train and Source Assessment
Sampling System: Operator's Manual. Rept. for
May 82-Aug 83,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
L. M. Schlickenrieder, J. W. Adams, and K. E. Thrun.
Feb 85,138p ADL-8527416, EPA/600/8-85/003
Contract EPA-68-02-3627
The report is a detailed guide for using two devices to
sample stack gas effluents from hazardous waste in-
cinerators. These two devices-the Modified Method 5
(MM5) train and the Source Assessment Sampling
System (SASS) train-have been identified as the sam-
pling devices to be used in assessing the Destruction
and Removal Efficiency (DRE) of Principal Organic
Hazardous Compounds (POHCs) by hazardous waste
incinerators. Step-by-step procedures for cleaning, as-
sembling, calibrating, using, and recovering samples
from each device are detailed. Guidelines Tor the re-
duction and presentation of data are included.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Manuals, "Inciner-
ators, 'Solid waste disposal, "Air pollution, Sources,
Assessments, Sampling, Revisions, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, "EPA method 5, "Source as-
sessment sampling system, 'Principal organic hazard-
ous compounds.
PB85-169886/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Economic Evaluation of a Sodium/Limestone
Double-Alkali FQD (Flue Gas Desulfurizatlon)
Process. Final rept. Jan 83-Aug 84,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Div. of
Energy Demonstrations and Technology.
C. D. Stephenson, T. A. Burnett, and R. L. Torstrick.
Oct 84, 87pTVA/OP/EDT-84/9, EPA/600/7-84/096
The report gives results of a comparison of results
from a recent forced-oxidation limestone flue gas de-
suifurization (FGD) process evaluation and those from
a conceptual design and economic evaluation of a
sodium/limestone double-alkali FGD process, based
on recent EPA-sponsored pilot-plant and prototype
test work. For a 500-MW new power unit burning 3.5%
sulfur coal and meeting the 1979 new source perform-
ance standards, the estimated capital investments in
1982 costs are $95 million ($190/kW) for the sodium/
limestone double-alkali process and $103 million
($206/kW) for the forced-oxidation limestone process.
Estimated first-year annual revenue requirements in
1984 costs for these processes are $26 million and
$29 million (9.3 and 10.6 mills/kWh), respectively. Al-
though the sodium/limestone double-alkali process
appears to be about 8% lower in capital investment,
given the accuracy associated with studies of this type
(+ or -10%), it is uncertain if the sodium/limestone
double-alkali process has a lower capital investment.
In terms of first-year and levelized annual revenue re-
quirements, the sodium/limestone double-alkali proc-
ess shows a 12% and 14% lower cost, respectively,
than the forced-oxidation limestone process and (thus)
is marginally less expensive. However, economics for
the double-alkali process are more uncertain than
those for the other.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, Cost analysis, Flue
gases, Design criteria, Calcium carbonates, Pilot
plants, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Eco-
nomic analysis, 'Double alkali scrubbing, 'Limestone
scrubbing, 'Forced oxidation system, Flue gas desul-
furizatlon.
PB85-170066/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Data from Studies of Previous Radioactive Waste
Disposal In Massachusetts Bay,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
W. R. Curtis, and H. M. Mardis. Dec 84, 237p EPA/
520/1-84/031
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
This report presents the results of studies conducted
in Massachusetts Bay during 1981 and 1982. Included
are data from: (1) a side scan sonar survey of disposal
areas in the Bay that was carried out by the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for
EPA; (2) Collections of sediment and biota by NOAA
for radiochemical analysis by EPA; (3) collections of
marketplace seafood samples by the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) for radioanalysis by both FDA
and EPA; and (4) a radiological monitoring survey of
LLW disposal areas by EPA to determine whether
there should be any concern for public health resulting
from previous LLW disposals in the Bay.
Keywords: 'Massachusetts Bay, Sediments, Seafood,
Public health, Tables(Data). 'Radioactive waste dis-
posal, "Marine disposal, Radio chemical analysis,
Low-level radioactive wastes, Radiation monitoring,
Radioecological concentration, "Water pollution con-
trol.
PB85-170116	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Intercomparison of Measurements by a Tele pho-
tometer and an Integrating Nephelometer (Tech-
nical Note). Journal article,
Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO. Center for Air Pollu-
tion Impact and Trend Analysis.
R. M. Hitzenberger, R. B. Husart, and H. Horvath.
c1984, 6p EPA/600/J-84/239
Grant EPA-R-806606
Prepared in cooperation with Vienna Univ. (Austria).
Inst, for Experimental Physics.
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment,v18 n6 p1239-1242
1984.
During April and May 1980 scattering and extinction
coefficients were measured at St. Louis, Mo. The in-
struments used were a MRI integrating nephelometer
model 1550 belonging to the Center of Air Pollution
Impact and Trend Analysis and a multiwavelength tele-
photometer developed at the Institute for Experimental
Physics of the University of Vienna, Austria. The errors
arising of the different operating principles of the two
types of instruments in a direct comparison of extinc-
tion and scattering coefficients are analyzed. (Copy-
right (c) 1984 Pergamon Press Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Atmospheric scattering, 'Nephelometers,
"Photometers, Visibility, Measurement, Comparison,
Air pollution, Reprints, Extinction coefficients.
PB85-170124	Not available NTIS
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Comparison of R- and Q-Modes In Target Trans-
formation Factor Analysis for Resolving Environ-
mental Data. Journal article,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Inst, for Environ-
mental Studies.
C. S. Hwang, K. G. Severin, and P. K. Hopke. C1984,
10p EPA/600/J-84/240
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v18 n2 p345-352
1984.
A target transformation factor analysis has been used
for the quantitative resolution of environmental data.
The initial studies have utilized the correlation between
samples as the matrix defining the relationships within
the data. The analysis of this matrix is a Q-mode analy-
sis. For large data sets, this technique requires the dia-
gonilization of a large matrix. An alternative approach
is to examine the matrix of correlations between the
measured parameters. The analysis of this matrix is
called an R-mode analysis. It is found that for several
typical data sets, equivalent results are obtained for
the two modes and, in some cases, R-mode may yield
better results. The faster diagonalization and smaller
memory requirements of R-mode would seem to make
it preferable.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, "Air pollution,
'Mathematical models, Comparison, Sources, Re-
prints, *R mode analysis, *Q mode analysis.
PB85-170132	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Effect of Well-Drilling Fluids of the Physiological
Status and Microbial Infection of the Reef Build-
ing Coral 'Montastrea annularis'. Journal article,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Biomedi-
cal and Toxicological Research.
J. H. Parker, J. S. Nickels, R. F. Martz, M. J. Gehron,
and N. L. Richards. C1984,8p EPA/600/J-84/236
Grant EPA-R-806143
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 13, p113-118 1984.
The reef building coral Montastrea annularus was ex-
posed continuously to suspensions of oil and gas-well
drilling fluids at concentrations of 0.1 ml/liter, 0.01 ml/
liter, and 0.0001 ml/liter in flowing seawater at the U.S.
Naval Stage I platform (30 deg 7.5 min N, 85 deg 46.3
min W). After 6 weeks exposure, coral fragments of 12
to 65 sq cm surface area were broken off, rinsed in
seawater, and extracted in a one-phase chloroform-
methanol-buffer and returned to the laboratory. In the
laboratory, the extraction was completed and the
phases separated. The lipids were fractionated using
silicic acid and thin layer chromatography. Total phos-
pholipid, triglyceride glycerol, total extractable fatty
acids, triglyceride fatty acids as well as the wax ester
fatty alcohols showed no consistent changes with ex-
posure to the drilling fluids. (Copyright (c) 1984 Spring-
er-Veriag New York Inc.)
Keywords: 'Toxicity, "Drilling fluids, "Coral, "Gas
wells, "Oil reservoirs, Animal physiology, Exposure,
Sea water, Lipids, Chloroform, Methyl alcohol, Chro-
matographic analysis, Amino acids, Bacteria, Animal
diseases, Reprints, "Montastrea annularis, Water pol-
lution effects(Animals).
PB85-170140/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Impact of Tubiflcid Oligochaetes on Pollutant
Transport in Bottom Sediments. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
S. W. Karickhoff, and K. R Morris. 1985,8p EPA/600/
J-85/004
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v19
n1 p51-561985.
Pollutant transport in bottom sediments effected by tu-
bificid oligochaetes was studied in laboratory micro-
cosms. Tubificids burrow in surfacial sediments (typi-
cally 6-10 cm), ingest sediment fines (silt and clay par-
ticles), and egest them at the sediment/water inter-
face as sand-sized fecal pellets. Sorbed pollutants are
transported by default in this process irrespective of
the relative pollutant fugacities in the system. For the
compounds studied (hexachlorobenzene, pentachlor-
obenzene, and trifluralin), more than 90% of the
chemicals contained in the biologically worked zone
were transported to the sediment surface via this proc-
ess during a 30-50 day period. Pollutant release into
the water column was not comparably enhanced,
which showed a 4-6 fold increase (over a 90-day
period) in the presence of the worms. Pollutant release
from intact fecal pellets was highly retarded by sorp-
tion.
Keywords: "Sediment transport, "Worms, 'Water pol-
lution, Silts, Clay soils, Particles, Feces, Pellets, En-
trapment, Toxicity, Chlorine organic compounds,
Chlorobenzenes, Reprints, Benzene/chloro/hexa,
Benzene/chloro/penta, 'Trifluralin, "Path of pollut-
ants.
PB85-170157/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Risk Assessment and Management: Framework
for Decision Making.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of the Administrator.
Dec 84,38p EPA/600/9-85/002
The risk assessment and risk management initiatives
described in this report are tools which will help make
possible more efficient protection of the environment
and human health. The authors expect to gain the fol-
lowing specific management advantages: Risk assess-
ment and risk management help set priorities. There
are thousands of chemicals in commerce and an un-
known number of contaminants and unintended, by-
products. Some of these could be important as pollut-
ants, and as such, are proper targets for regulation If
they pose significant risks to health or the environ-
ment. The authors do not have the budget, nor will we
ever have the time, to test each chemical exhaustively.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Screening by estimates of potential risk reduction is an
attractive basis for comparing regulatory priorities.
They can use risk analytic methods to help sort prob-
lems in terms of the likelihood that the Agency can do
something constructive and effective to improve public
health and the environment. Risk management pro-
vides a context for balanced analysis and decision-
making. Toxic chemicals are legitimately frightening:
they can and do cause cancer and other diseases. The
trouble is that we are exposed to a complex, highly
dilute mixture of chemicals, taken in through air, water,
and food. When disease strikes, cause and effect are
seldom clearly linked. The Agency can contribute to
rational discussion by exposing the scientific basis for
the risk, including the confidence they have in the esti-
mate; placing the risk reduction expected from the reg-
ulation in context with other risks and other opportuni-
ties for risk reduction; and explaining the values on
which the balancing judgments have been made. Risk
assessment and management produce more efficient
and consistent risk reduction policies. EPA's patch-
work of authorities for controlling pollution needs to be
woven together more coherently, beginning at the ana-
lytical level and continuing through to the regulatory
decision. Some important differences - defined by stat-
ute - in the ways the laws manage risk will always
remain, but a risk management approach can use their
remaining administrative flexibility to make more effi-
cient use of the Agency's and society's resources to
reduce risk and to make the Agency's actions more
consistent.
Keywords: 'Risk, "Chemical compounds, * Environ-
mental surveys, 'Hazardous materials, 'Management
planning, Assessments, Regulations, Public health,
Dosage, Toxicology, Guidelines, Cost analysis, 'Toxic
substances, Ecosystems.
PB85-170173/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
'Giardia' Methods Workshop,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
W. Jakubowski. Feb 85,16p EPA/600/D-85/046
The objectives of the workshop were to familiarize par-
ticipants with the use-and limitations of Giardia cyst
detection methodology; to critically review the tenta-
tive Giardia method appearing in the 16th edition of
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater; to share the experiences of the panelists
and audience in working with methods for detecting
Giardia cysts in water, and to make recommendations
for improving the methodology.
Keywords: "Cysts, 'Giardia, 'Water pollution, 'Meet-
ings, Detection, Filters, Membranes, Polypropylene,
Cotton, Recommendations, Protozoa, Morphology,
Fluorescence, Manpower.
PB85-170181/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Modeling Impacts of Acid Precipitation for North-
eastern Minnesota,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. L. Schnoor, W. D. Palmer, and G. E. Glass. Feb 85,
42p EPA/600/D-85/035
Prepared in cooperation with Iowa Univ., Iowa City.
Div. of Energy Engineering.
The acidification of lakes and streams due to acid pre-
cipitation has been documented in southern Sweden
and Norway, the northeastern United States and
southern Ontario. Geochemistry and regional lithology
are recognized to be important factors in the suscepti-
bility of lake ecosystems to acid precipitation. Local
soils, glacial deposits and bedrock undergo biological
and chemical weathering reactions to consume pro-
tons and release base cations - the greater is the total
alkalinity production in the watershed, the greater is
the capacity to neutralize acid loadings. Acid loadings
are composed of wet and dry deposition to a water-
shed, and these are also important factors in the
degree of acidification of lakes. A schematic of the
trickle-down model, which is used in acid precipitation
assessments, is shown. The hydrology and geochem-
istry of the watershed determine the chemical weath-
ering rate and thus are key factors in the susceptibility
of lakes to acidification. In this chapter, lakes in north-
eastern Minnesota serve as case studies, where igne-
ous bedrock and a lack of calcareous overburden are
sufficient to classify the region as sensitive to acid rain.
The volume-weighted acidity of precipitation pH
ranges 4 6-4.85. These are threshold cases where it is
not certain whether present acid loadings are acidify-
ing lakes.
304 Vol. 90, No. 24
Keywords: "Water pollution, 'Mathematical models,
Transport of properties, Air pollution, Minnesota,
Northeast Region(United States), Assessments, Hy-
drology, Geochemistry, Lakes, Streams, "Acid rain,
"Northeast Region(Minnesota), Path of pollutants,
Ecosystem, Wet deposition, Dry deposition.
PB85-170694/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Review of Dermal Absorption,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
T. McLaughlin. Oct 84,87p EPA/600/8-84/033
The Exposure Assessment Group of EPA's Office of
Research and Development has three main functions:
(1) to conduct exposure assessments; (2) to review as-
sessments and related documents; and (3) to develop
guidelines for Agency exposure assessments. These
exposure assessments are critical to the evaluation of
the public health risks that are presented by toxic sub-
stances. The activities under each of these three func-
tions are supported by and respond to the needs of the
various EPA program offices. In relation to the third
function, the Exposure Assessment Group conducts
projects for the purpose of developing or refining tech-
niques used in exposure assessments.
Keywords: "Absorption(Biology), 'Skin(Anatomy),
Measurement, Therapy, Exposure, "Dermal absorp-
tion.
PB85-171452/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Effects of Acid Deposition on the Properties of
Portland Cement Concrete State-of-Knowledge,
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
R. P. Webster, and L. E. Kukacka. Feb 85,44p EPA/
600/3-85/011
Presented are the results of a program conducted to
determine the state-of-the-art knowledge pertaining to
the effects of acid deposition on the properties of port-
land cement concrete structures. Information was col-
lected from a computerized literature survey, inter-
views, and replies to mail and telephone inquiries ad-
dressed to cement and concrete researchers and to
governmental agencies and private firms active in the
maintenance and restoration of concrete structures.
Keywords: "Concretes, "Portland cements, 'Concrete
durability, Properties, Concrete construction, Air pollu-
tion, Deposition, Structures, Surveys, Maintenance,
Deterioration, Corrosion, Reinforcing steels, Sulfur di-
oxide, Nitrogen oxides, Carbon dioxide, Acid resist-
ance, 'Acid smut, 'Acid rain, 'Acids, State of the art.
PB85-171593/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Surface Heat Flux Derived from Sodar Amplitude
and Frequency Data: A Comparison,
Argonne National Lab., IL.
R. L. Coulter, M. L. Wesely, K. H. Underwood, and T. J.
Martin. Feb 85,21p EPA/600/D-85/038
Previously announced as DE83-017930. Prepared in
cooperation with Florida State Univ., Tallahassee.
Sensible heat flux measurements were made in an ag-
ricultural setting near Champaign, Illinois by using
doppler sodar, eddy correlations and profile methods
during convective conditions during an experimental
study called VOICE, (Vertical Observations Involving
Convective Exchange). This paper presents details of
the analyses which compares the heat flux measure-
ments by these three techniques. The sodar data rep-
resents volume average estimates while the other two
standard techniques are point time measurements.
The results for these three methods are comparable
but sodar estimates show wide variability during the
midmorning time period compared to the other tech-
niques.
Keywords: 'Heat flux, "Farms, Measurement, Edd,
Correlation, Profiles, Convection, Estimating, Volume,
Diffusion, Rainfall, Dispersing, Momentum, Albedo,
Doppler sodar, Atmospheric boundary layer.
PB85-172179	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Rainbow Trout Embryos: Advantages and Limita-
tions for Carcinogenesis Research. Journal article,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Agricultural Experiment
Station.
J. D. Hendricks, T. R. Meyers, J. L. Casteel, J. E. Nixon,
and P. M. Loveland. C1984,12pTP-6490, EPA/600/J-
84/238
Pub. in National Cancer Institute Monograph 65, p129-
137 May 84.
Rainbow trout embryos are sensitive to the initiation of
neoplasms in various tissues by brief exposures to so-
lutions of water-soluble carcinogens. This characteris-
tic was first demonstrated with the sparingly soluble
liver carcinogen, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). A 30-minute ex-
posure of 21 -day-old embryos (embryos hatch in 24-25
days at 12C) to a 0.5-ppm aqueous solution of AFB1
will result in approximately 65% of the survivors having
at least 1 liver tumor, 1 year after treatment. The em-
bryos are responsive to both AFB1 dose and the
length of exposure and become increasingly sensitive
with increased embryonic age. They have used rain-
bow trout embryos to demonstrate the hepatocarcino-
genicity of other aflatoxin metabolites and precursors;
aflatoxicol, aflatoxin G1, versicolorin A, and sterigma-
tocystin and sensitivity to the direct-acting carcinogen,
N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Results to date
have shown that the trout embryo is a sensitive, con-
venient, and economical whole animal model system
with many distinct advantages for carcinogen testing
and research. The major limitation has been the diffi-
culty with exposure of the embryos to adequate doses
of highly water-insoluble compounds. Alternate expo-
sure techniques will be required for alleviation of this
problem.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Anatoxins, "Amins, "Nitroso
compounds, 'Trout, Laboratory animals, Embryos,
Experimental data, Water pollution, Reprints, "Car-
cinogenesis, "Carcinogens, Liver neoplasms, Dose
rate.
PB85-172336/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
National Dioxin Study Tier 4 - Combustion
Sources: Project Plan. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
E. Lillis, and A. Miles. Feb 85, 75p EPA/450/4-84/
014A
Prepared in cooperation with Radian Corp., Research
Triangle Park, NC. See also PB85-172344.
This report presents the Agency's plans for identifying
likely sources and assessing dioxin emissions from
combustion sources under Tier 4 of the National Dioxin
Study. The primary objectives of Tier 4 are outlined in
the report, these are to determine what source cate-
gories emit dioxin, at what concentrations and at what
estimated exposure risk. The report describes the ra-
tionale used in developing the project plan, as well as
alternative approaches that were considered. The
report describes the information the Agency plans to
collect to improve the current understanding of com-
bustion sources which emit dioxin to the ambient air.
The tasks to collect the information are outlined, in-
cluding stack testing, ash sampling, and data analysis.
References to other documents which describe meth-
ods and procedures are identified.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Solid waste disposal, Sub-
stitutes, Sources, Combustion products, Stoves, Incin-
erators, Fly ash, Hazardous materials, Sewage sludge,
Residential buildings, *Dioxin(Herbicides), Wood
stoves, Municipal wastes.
PB85-172344/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
National Dioxin Study Tier 4 - Combustion
Sources: Sampling Procedures. Draft rept. (Final),
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. Hartman, G. Jones, and A. Miles. Oct 84,178p
EPA/450/4-84/014C
Contract EPA-68-02-3513
See also PB85-172336.
Tier 4 of the National Dioxin Study has an objective to
determine, by testing, if combustion sources emit sig-
nificant dioxins to the atmosphere. These tests may be
conducted by different test personnel and, in order to
keep procedures consistent for all tests, these have
been summarized in the form of a sampling proce-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
scribed in overview fashion for combustion air, flue
gases, liquids, slurries, solids, and sludges. The sam-
pling procedures address collecting samples for sub-
sequent analysis of dioxins and their precursors. In ad-
dition, sampling and analysis techniques are recom-
mended for measuring SOx, NOx, CO, C02, HCI, 02,
total hydrocarbon, moisture, particulate, molecular
weight, and volumetric flow in flue gas streams. In ad-
dition to sampling procedures, the manual presents
detailed procedures for site selection, acquisition of
design and operating data, safety, and test plan prepa-
ration. Quality assurance and control is briefly ad-
dressed.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Solid waste disposal,
Oxygen, Hydrogen chloride, Carbon dioxide, Substi-
tutes, Sources, Combustion products, Stoves, Inciner-
ators, Carbon monoxide. Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur
oxides, Chimneys, Laboratory equipment, Fly ash,
Hazardous materials. Sewage sludge. Residential
buildings, Sampling, 'Dioxin(Herbicides), "Air pollution
sampling, Wood stoves, Municipal wastes, Dibenzo-
dioxin/tetrachloro.
PB85-172567/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Sampling of Automobile Interiors for Organic
Emissions,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
D. Dropkin. Feb 85,29p EPA/600/3-85/008
A study was undertaken to determine the concentra-
tions of N-nitrosamines (specifically N-nitrosodimethy-
lamine and N-nitrosomorpholine), hydrogen cyanide,
and other volatile organic compounds emitted from the
interiors of new cars. The three cars tested were
placed in an enclosed shed and heated with infrared
tungsten lamps to simulate the temperature rise (heat
build-up) in the interior of the cars as if the cars were
sitting outdoors on a hot sunny day. The air inside the
car as well as the air inside the shed was sampled
during the entire temperature rise of 'heat build-up'
cycle (ambient, ambient to 60C, and 60C). These air
samples were pulled through cartridges containing ad-
sorbents such as Thermosorb (specifically to collect
for N-nitrosamines) and Tenax (used to collect volatile
organic compounds), as well as pulling the air through
impingers and also into Tedlar bags to analyze for hy-
drogen cyanide. Low concentrations of N-nitrosodi-
methylamine and N-nitrosomorpholine were measured
in the car interiors during the heating process, but
higher concentrations of these same N-nitrosamines
were measured outside of the cars. No hydrogen cya-
nide was detected inside of or outside the two cars
tested for this compound. A significant background
(mainly gasoline vapors) was obtained for the meas-
urement of other volatile organic compounds, which
prevented any meaningful comparison between the
car interior and shed emissions. This report covers a
period from May, 1980 to February, 1981 and work
was completed as of February, 1981.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Automobiles, "Nitroso com-
pounds, "Amines, Concentration(Composition), Sam-
pling, Organic compounds, Comparison, Adsorbents,
Gas analysis, Gas chromatography, Hydrogen cya-
nide, "indoor air pollution, * Air pollution sampling,
"Volatile organic compounds, Dimethylamine/N-nitro-
so, CAS 62-75-9, Morpholine/N-nitroso.
PB85-172575/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Preliminary Assessment of Costs and Credits for
Hazardous Waste Co-Flrlng In Industrial Boilers.
Final rept. 1 Jul 83-15 Oct 83,
AcurexCorp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
R. McCormick, and L. Weitzman. Feb 85,64p EPA/
600/2-85/013
Contract EPA-68-02-3176
This report provides preliminary information on the
costs and credits associated with hazardous waste co-
firing in industrial boilers. The main objective is to iden-
tify and evaluate the costs/credits inherent in current
hazardous waste co-firing practices, plus the addition-
al costs that may be incurred as a result of more strin-
gent emissions limitations. An overview of current haz-
ardous waste/industrial boiler co-firing practices is
provided. This overview addressed the types of waste
now being burned in boilers, the generic designs and
capacities of boilers now being co-fired, and the types
of air pollution control device (APCD) retrofits that may
be required in the advent of air emissions regulations.
Parametric cost estimate methods are provided for: (1)
waste handling equipment addition, (2) combustion
system retrofit, (3) APCD retrofit, (4) incremental O&M
costs, and (5) fuel savings and waste disposal credits.
The cost estimating approach is designed to account
for differences in waste characteristics, boiler design,
capacity, and waste/fuel co-firing ratio. Finally, cost/
credit calculations are presented for two hypothetical
waste co-firing scenarios. These calculations are pre-
sented to illustrate how the information provided in this
report can be used; no conclusions concerning the
economy of waste co-firing are intended.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Boilers, "Air pollu-
tion control equipment, "Solid waste disposal, Assess-
ments, Industrial wastes, Design criteria, Regulations,
Fuel consumption.
PBB5-172583/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Receptor Models for Airborne Organic Species,
New York Univ. Medical Center, NY. Inst, of Environ-
mental Medicine.
J. M. Oaisey, P. J. Lioy, and T. J. Kneip. Feb 85,205p
EPA/600/3-85/014
Grant EPA-R-810300
A study was performed that: (1) critically reviewed ex-
isting source emissions data to determine if variations
in the organic composition of such emissions could be
used to distinguish sources of airborne particulate
matter and particulate organic matter; (2) attempted to
develop receptor source apportionment models for
three fractions of particulate organic matter and se-
lected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using an ex-
isting set of ambient aerosol measurements made at a
site in New York City; (3) defined critical needs for the
development of receptor models for airborne organic
matter. The results of this study showed that it is possi-
ble to develop receptor source apportionment models
for particulate organic species using the factor analy-
sis/multiple regression modeling technique. It showed
that a lack of adequate organic composition data for
source emissions was a critical limitation for model val-
idation and also for development of chemical mass
balance receptor source apportionment models. It also
showed, however, that existing source emissions data
on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and certain other
species indicate that such species might be useful in
distinguishing emissions from certain types of sources.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Mathematical
models, "Air pollution, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Particles,
Sources, Aerosols, Sampling, Exhaust emissions,
Trace elements, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis, "Air
pollution sampling, "Air pollution detection, New York
City(New York).
PB85-172591/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Airborne Lidar Monitoring of Fluorescent Dye Par-
ticles as a Tracer to Characterize Transport and
Dispersion: A Feasibility Study. Final rept. 1981-84,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
E. E. Uthe, W. Viezee, and B. Morley. Feb 85,131 p
EPA/600/3-85/009
Contract EPA-68-02-3791
The feasibility of using airborne lidar to observe the
three-dimensional distribution of fluorescent dye parti-
cle (FDP) tracers in long-range atmospheric transport
and dispersion studies has been successfully demon-
strated in field experiments conducted in the North
East U.S. during October 1983. This approach uses a
lidar system to excite non-toxic fluorescent dye parti-
cles (FDP) released into the atmosphere, and to moni-
tor the emitted fluorescent light. When the lidar receiv-
er is spectrally filtered, the fluorescent light can be de-
tected separately from the elastic backscattered signal
by background aerosols. Tests also were made in con-
nection with a power plant plume, convective cumulus
clouds in the mixing layer, and a tracer trajectory
across Lake Ontario.
Keywords: "Aerial surveys, "Optical radar, "Air pollu-
tion, "Fluorescent dyes, Transport properties, Field
tests, Experimental design, Aerosols, Particles, Elec-
tric power plants, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Feasibility, "Tracer studies, 'Atmospheric dis-
persion, Northeast Region(United States).
PB85-172641/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Variability of Short Term Eddy-Correlation Esti-
mates of Mass Exchange,
Argonne National Lab., IL.
M. L. Wesely, and R. L. Hart. Feb 85, 26p EPA/600/D-
85/039
The signals from sensors used to measure atmospher-
ic scalar fluctuations ordinarily produce characteristic
spectra and cospectra with vertical wind velocity that
are strongly influenced by vertical transport processes.
Unwanted signal noise generated by some of the fast
response chemical sensors, however, distort the spec-
tra and cospectra and increase run-to-run variability of
eddy-correlation flux estimates. Instead of data collec-
tion periods of only 30 min needed to provide a preci-
sion of approximately 10-20% in each flux estimate
obtained at heights of 5-10 m during ideal daytime con-
ditions, an ensemble derived from several such runs is
necessary with certain sensors in order to achieve
comparable precision. This has been the practical ex-
periences obtained in numerous experiments above
various natural surfaces, and is verified to a limited
extent by both empirical and theoretical investigations.
Keywords: 'Detectors, 'Transport properties, 'Mass
flow, 'Air pollution, 'Turbulent diffusion, Sulfur oxides,
Nitrogen oxides, Water vapor, Heat, Momentum,
Flux(Rate), Wind velocity, Spectroscopic analysis, 'Air
pollution detection, Numerical solution.
PB85-172682/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Needs Survey Report to Congress, 1984: Assess-
ment of Needed Publicly Owned Wastewater
Treatment Facilities in the United States,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
J W. Byron, W. Huang, M. Cullen, and K. Klima. 10 Feb
85,129p EPA/430/9-84/011, EPA/DF-85/005A
For system on magnetic tape, see PB85-172690. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Weston (Roy F.), Inc., West
Chester, PA.
The 1984 Needs Survey Report summarizes a 2-year
data collection effort. This Report includes costs for
building grant eligible municipally-owned treatment fa-
cilities for the current (1984) population when all identi-
fied year 2000 needs are met. The Report also con-
tains national summaries of technical information col-
lected during the Survey. Examples of the technical in-
formation are: number of treatment plants now and in
year 2000; number of nondischarging treatment
plants; summary of treatment plant unit processes.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, 'Grants, 'Construc-
tion costs, 'Combined sewers, United States, Fore-
casting, Surveys, Design criteria, Assessments, Cost
analysis, National government, 'Publicly owned
wastewater treatment.
PB85-172690/HSU	CP T03
Needs Survey Report to Congress, 1984: Assess-
ment of Needed Publicly Owned Wastewater
Treatment Facilities In the United States. Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
M. J. Cullen, W. H. Huang, J. W. Byron, and W. Savich.
1985, mag tape EPA/DF-85/005
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products if you have questions. Price
includes documentation PB85-172682.
The 1984 Needs Survey Report summarizes a 2-year
data collection effort. This Report also contains nation-
al summaries of technical information collected during
the Survey. Examples of the technical information are:
number of treatment plants now and in year 2000;
number of nondischarging treatment plants; summary
of treatment plant unit processes. The tape contains
all the raw data used for the summary report.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Sewage treatment, 'Grants,
Construction costs, Magnetic tapes, Forecasting,
Design criteria, Surveys, Assessments, United States,
Cost analysis, 'Publicly owned wastewater treatment.
PB85-172906/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Full-Scale Carbon Adsorption Applications Study.
Final rept. Mar 81-May 84,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
T. P. Nelson, J. R. Blacksmith, and J. L. Randall. Feb
85, 234p EPA/600/2-85/012
Contract EPA-68-03-3038
Six full-scale, fixed-bed carbon adsorption systems
were tested for vapor-phase volatile organic com-
pound removal efficiency. Solvents used in the sys-
tems included methyl ethyl ketone, isopropyl acetate,
tetrahydrofuran and toluene. One year after the first
tests, repeat testing was performed on four of the origi-
nal six sites. Removal efficiencies of three adsorption
systems were lower during the repeat testing. Howev-
er, carbon age was not the primary factor involved.
Keywords: 'Adsorption, 'Hazardous materials, 'Air
pollution control, 'Industrial wastes, 'Water pollution
control, Coatings, Regulations, Carbon, Activated
carbon. Design criteria, Tests, Toluene, Performance
evaluation. Chemical analysis, Mathematical models,
Solvents, Methyl ethyl ketone, "Volatile organic com-
pounds, Fixed bed carbon adsorption systems, Acetic
acid/(isopropyl-ester), Furan/tetrahydro.
PB85-172971/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Vertical Redistribution of a Pollutant Tracer Due
to Cumulus Convection. Final rept. 1980-84,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Dept. of Atmospheric and
Oceanic Science.
J. A. Ritter, and D. Stedman. Feb 85,171p EPA/600/
3-85/010
Mathematical formalisms that incorporate the physical
processes responsible for the vertical redistribution of
a conservative pollutant tracer due to a convective
cloud field are presented. Two modeling approaches
are presented differing in the manner in which the
cloud fields are forced. In the first or implicit approach,
the vertical cloud development is limited by the satel-
lite observed value, and cloud forcing is determined
from synoptic-scale heat and moisture budgets. In the
explicit approach, the vertical development is similarly
limited, but the forcing functions are obtained by ex-
plicitly incorporating the vertical distribution of cumulus
cloud cover, thereby dynamically incorporating the in-
fluences of sub-synoptic scale phenomena. The two
approaches give internally consistent results and give
similar results for the convective mass flux. The
manner in which the upward mass flux is apportioned
to the various cloud classes, however, differs as con-
sequence of the different vertical profile of forcing
functions used. The explicit model gave more reasona-
ble profiles but the predictions are highly sensitive to
input conditions. The implicit model was somewhat
less sensitive to its input parameters if the data are
prepared judiciously. This study shows that the con-
centration increase in the cloud-layer due to the vent-
ing action of cumulus clouds can be as, if not more im-
portant than, the in-situ production and this process
should therefore be incorporated in regional-scale
transport models.
Keywords: "Plumes, "Air pollution, 'Mathematical
models, "Cumulus clouds, Transport properties, Air
circulation, Convection, Mass transfer, "Tracer stud-
ies, "Path of pollutants, "Air quality, "Vertical distribu-
tion.
PB85-173094/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Exhaust and Evaporative Emissions of High Mile-
age Passenger Cars. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technical Support Staff.
C. A. Harvey, and B. Michael. Feb 85,28p EPA/AA/
TSS/PA-85/1
Prepared in cooperation with Southwest Research
Inst., San Antonio, TX.
This report gives the results of exhaust and evapora-
tive emission tests Southwest Research Institute per-
formed on 27 motor vehicles. Test cars were selected
randomly from a registration list of all 1981 passenger
cars in Bexar County, Texas (which includes the great-
er San Antonio area and some surrounding suburban
and rural areas). Seven of the 27 cars underwent re-
storative maintenance after baseline testing (replaced
canister or gas cap) and evaporative emissions were
measured again after maintenance.
306 Vol. 90, No. 24
Keywords: "Exhaust emissions, "Evaporation, "Motor
vehicles, Rural areas, Inspection, Maintenance, Tests,
'Air quality, "Fugitive emissions, Listings, Baseline
measurement, Bexar County(Texas).
PB85-173110/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Methods for Simulating Gas Phase S02 Oxidation
in Atmospheric Models. Final rept. Mar 83-Jul 84,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL.
J. F. Meagher, and K. J. Olszyna, Feb 85,86p EPA/
600/3-85/012
Two different approaches are presented for simulating
gas phase sulfur dioxide oxidation in atmospheric
models. The first approach was to develop an empiri-
cal relationship based on rate data collected at four
coal-fired power plants during 11 separate studies.
Cosine functions were used to simulate annual and di-
urnal variations in the oxidation rate constant. The
second approach was to develop a kinetic model
based on data obtained from smog chamber experi-
ments using mixtures of sulfur dioxide, propene,
butane, nitrogen oxides, and water vapor. Sulfur diox-
ide oxidation in the gas phase was found to occur by
two mechanisms. At low HC/NOx values hydroxyl radi-
cal addition to sulfur dioxide predominates. At high
HC/NOx values, oxidation via reaction with products of
the ozone-olefin reaction dominates. The chamber
data suggest that the HO-S02 reaction leads mainly to
the production of hydroperoxyl radical and sulfuric
acid. A previously proposed mechanism for the reac-
tion of sulfur dioxide with Criegee intermediates was
found to provide an excellent fit to the data at the high
HC/NOx values.
Keywords: "Sulfur dioxide, "Mathematical models,
"Oxidation, "Air pollution, Reaction kinetics. Test
chambers, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur dioxide, Electric
power plants, Propylene, Water vapor, 'Coal fired
power plants, Chemical reaction mechanisms, Butane.
PBS5-173136	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Deposition of Inhaled Particulate Matter In the
Upper Respiratory Tract, Larynx, and Bronchial
Airways: A Mathematical Description. Journal arti-
cle,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
T. Martonen. C1983,17p EPA/600/J-83/280
Contract EPA-68-02-2566
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health
12, n6 p787-800 Dec 83.
A mathematical description of inhaled particle behav-
ior suitable for analysis of factors affecting deposition
in the human upper respiratory tract (nasopharyngeal
and oropharyngeal compartments), larynx, and ciliated
airways is presented. When upper respiratory tract and
larynx filtering efficiencies are incorporated in the
model, theoretical calculations of aerosol deposition
agree with tracheobronchial (TB) data reported in the
open literature. The model predicts the sigmoidal
shape of TB deposition patterns measured in human
subjects, the slopes of the quasilinear segments of
these curves, and the positions of their two asymp-
totes. The model could therefore be used to evaluate
the health effects of toxic airborne particles.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Air pollution, Particles, Depo-
sition, Respiration, Mathematical models, Reprints,
'Airborne contaminants, "Aerosols, "Respiratory tract
systems, Larynx.
PB85-173144/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Aldlcarb and Related Compounds in Drinking
Water via Direct Aqueous Injection HPLC (High
Performance Liquid Chromatography) with Post
Column Derlvatlzation. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
D. L. Foerst, and H. A. Moye, Mar 85,26p EPA/600/D-
85/051
Prepared in cooperation with Florida Univ., Gainesville.
Inst, of Food and Agricultural Sciences.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is currently
performing a statewide monitoring survey for Temik
(aldicarb) in the drinking water supplies of Florida. Prior
to beginning this study, the Environmental Monitoring
and Support Laboratory in Cincinnati, Ohio developed
and validated the analytical procedure to be used in
this study. After filtration, the water sample is directly
injected into an HPLC column. After eluting from the
column, the pesticide is hydrolyzed with sodium hy-
droxide and derivatized with o-phthaldehyde to form a
fluorescent derivative. This procedure, which involves
practically no sample work-up, is applicable to concen-
trations from below 10 micrograms/1 to well over 500
micrograms/l. The procedure has been validated for
aldicarb, aldicarb sulfone, aldicarb sulfoxide, oxamyl,
methomyl, 3-hydroxy carbofuran, carbofuran, and car-
baryl. The results of method detection limit studies and
sample storage studies are presented.
Keywords: "Potable water, 'Pesticides, "Water analy-
sis, Florida, Chemical analysis, Chromatographic anal-
ysis, Sampling, "Water pollution detection, "High per-
formance liquid chromatography, "Aldicarb, Aldicarb
sulfone, Aldicarb sulfoxide.
PB85-173151	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Microwave Radiation on Avian Domi-
nance Behavior. Journal article,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
F. E. Wasserman, C. Dowd, B. A. Schlinger, D. Byman,
and S. P. Battista. c1984, 12p EPA/600/J-84/246
Contract EPA-68-02-3278
Prepared in cooperation with Boston Univ., MA. Dept.
of Biology, and Manomet Bird Observatory, MA.
Pub. in Bioelectromagnetics 5, p331-339 1984.
Seventeen birds among twelve flocks were exposed to
four combinations of different microwave density and
duration along with three sham control birds from two
additional flocks. Although the irradiated birds main-
tained their positions in the hierarchies with one ex-
ception, some appeared to have a change in their level
of aggression after exposure of 25 mw/cm2. These
changes, however, are not considered inconsistent
with survival of birds at an Solar Power Satellite
System rectenna site.
Keywords: "Birds, "Radiation effects, "Microwaves,
Behavior, Reprints.
PB85-173169/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Modeling of Chemical Transformations of SO(x)
and NO(x) In the Polluted Atmosphere. An Over-
view of Approaches and Current Status,
Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO.
N. V. Giilani. Mar 85, 38p EPA/600/D-85/053
Grant EPA-R-809713
Two principal approaches are identified in the model-
ing of chemical transformations of SOx and NOx in the
polluted atmosphere. The fundamental approach in-
volves simulation of the detailed chemical kinetics of
the SOx-NOx-HC system; in the empirical approach,
relatively simple parameterizations of the bulk rates of
conversion of precursors to secondary products are
sought in terms of environmental factors which, based
on laboratory and field measurements appear to con-
trol these rates. In this paper, the principal features of
both approaches are described in the form of an over-
view, with examples of the main results. An assess-
ment is made of the current state of development of
both methods, particularly within the context of their
applicability in regional transport-transformation
models. A brief overview is also presented of the con-
troversial question of linearity of the transformation
module with respect to the precursor emissions.
Keywords: "Sulfur oxides, "Nitrogen oxides, "Mathe-
matical models, "Air pollution, Reaction kinetics, Field
tests, Experimental design, Assessments, Transport
properties.
PB85-173177	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effect of Methyl Oleate Hydroperoxide, a Possible
Toxic Ozone Intermediate, on Human Normal and
Qlucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase-Deflcient
Erythrocytes. Journal article,
Massachusetts Univ., Amherst. Dept. of Public Health
P. Williams, E. J. Calabrese, and G. S. Moore. C1983
10p EPA/600/J-83/276
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pub. in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 7, n2
P242-248 Apr 83.
Erythrocytes of both normal and glucose 6-phosphate
dehydrogenase (G-6-PD)-deficient humans responded
in a dose-dependent manner to the oxidant stress of
methyl oleate hydroperoxide (MOHP) as measured by
decreases in G-6-PD activity, increases in methemog-
lobin (METHB) levels, and decreases in reduced gluta-
thione (GSH). The G-6-PD-deficient erythrocytes dis-
played a markedly enhanced sensitivity to MOHP-in-
duced decreases in G-6-PD activity and METHB in-
creases while being less sensitive than normal erythro-
cytes to changes in GSH levels.
Keywords: "Ozone, 'Oxidation, "Toxicology, Blood
cells, Erythrocytes, Humans, Sensitivity, Reprints,
"Dehydrogenase/glucose-phosphate. "Oleic acid/hy-
droperoxyl-methyl, Glutathiones.
PB85-173185	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Low Erythrocyte Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydro-
genase (G-6-PD) Activity and Susceptibility to Ni-
trite-Induced Methemoglobin Formation. Journal
article,
Massachusetts Univ., Amherst. Dept. of Public Health.
E.J. Calabrese, G. S. Moore, and S. C. Ho. c1980, 8p
EPA/600/J-80/453
Grant EPA-R-805797
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 26, n6 p837-840 Dec 80.
Considerable interest has recently focused on the
identification and quantification of subsegments of the
population that may be at increased risk to experience
enhanced toxicity and/or carcinogenicity from environ-
mental agents than the general public. In fact, the EPA
has encorporated the knowledge of increased suscep-
tibility in the development of criteria to support the deri-
vation of ambient air and drinking water standards. For
example, the ambient air standard for ozone recognize
the enhanced susceptibility of the asthmatic while the
drinking water standard for nitrate recognizes the en-
hanced susceptibility of neonates to develop meth-
emglobinemia. (Copyright (c) 1980 Springer-Verlag
New York Inc.)
Keywords: "Hemoglobins, "Toxicology, Nitrites, Re-
prints, 'Dehydrogenase/glucose-phosphate, "Health
risks, Carcinogenesis.
PB85-173193	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Evaluation of the Dorset Sheep as a Predictive
Animal Model for the Response of Glucose-6-
Phosphate Dehydrogenase-Deticlent Human
Erythocytes to a Proposed Systemic Toxic Ozone
Intermediate, Methyl Oleate Ozonlde. Journal arti-
Massachusetts Univ., Amherst. Dept. of Public Health.
E. J. Calabrese, P. S. Williams, and G. S. Moore.
C1983, 10p EPA/600/J-83/274
Grant EPA-R-805797
Pub. in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 7, n4
p416-422 Aug 83.
Erythrocytes of both glucose-6-phosphate dehydro-
genase (G-6-PD)-deficient humans and Dorest sheep,
an animal model with an erythrocyte G-6-PD deficien-
cy, responded in a dose-dependent manner to the oxi-
dant stress of methyl oleate ozonide (MOO) as meas-
ured by decreases in G-6-PD activity, increases in
methemoglobin (METHB) levels, and decreases in
GSH. However, the human G-6-PD-deficient erythro-
cytes were considerably more sensitive to the forma-
tion of METHB than the sheep erythrocytes while the
reverse was the case for the GSH parameter. The re-
sults suggest a qualitative difference in the response
of sheep erythrocytes and human G-6-PD-deficient
erythrocytes to MOO that seriously questions the
value of the sheep erythrocyte as a quantitatively ac-
curate predictive model. (Copyright (c) 1983 by Aca-
demic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: "Ozone, "Hemoglobins, "Toxicology,
Erythrocytes, Blood cells, Humans, Sheep, Reprints,
"Dehydrogenase/glucose-phosphate, 'Oleic acid/
methyl-ozonyl, Animal models, Glutathiones.
PB85-173201	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Evaluation of the Dorset Sheep as a Predictive
Animal Model for the Response of G-6-PD Defi-
cient Human Erythrocytes to a Proposed System-
ic Toxic Ozone Intermediate, Methyl Linoleate Hy-
droperoxide. Journal article,
Massachusetts Univ., Amherst. Dept. of Public Health.
P. S. Williams, E. J. Calabrese, and G. S. Moore.
c1983,20p EPA/600/J-83/273
Grant EPA-R-805797
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Science and Health A18,
n1 p1 -17, Feb 83.
Erythrocytes of both G-6-PD deficient humans and
Dorset sheep, an animal model with an erythrocyte G-
6-PD deficiency, both responded in a dose-dependent
manner to the oxidant stress of MLHP as measured by
decreases in G-6-PD activity, increases in METHB
levels and decreases in GSH. However, the human G-
6-PD deficient erythrocytes were considerably more
sensitive to the formation of METHB than the sheep
erythrocytes while the reverse was the case for GSH
parameter. The results suggest a qualitative difference
in the response of sheep erythrocytes and human G-6-
PD deficient erythrocytes to MLHP that seriously ques-
tions the value of the sheep erythrocyte as a quantita-
tively accurate predictive model. (Copyright (c) 1983
by Marcel Dekker, Inc.)
Keywords: "Ozone, "Toxicology, Erythrocytes,
Humans, Sheep, Blood cells, Reprints, "Dehydrogen-
ase/glucose-phosphate, Animal models, Glutath-
iones.
PB85-173219	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effect of Ozone Exposure upon Hepatic and
Serum Ascorbic Acid Levels in Male Sprague-
Dawley Rats. Journal article,
Massachusetts Univ., Amherst. Dept. of Public Health.
E. J. Calabrese, G. S. Moore, B. L. Weeks, and A.
Stoddard. C1983, 18p EPA/600/J-83/275
Grant EPA-R-805797
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Science and Health A18,
n1 p79-93 Feb 83.
Exposure of male Sprague-Dawley rats to 0.3 ppm
ozone for 3 hours resulted in a time-delayed increase
in serum and hepatic reduced ascorbic acid levels as
compared to controls (0.0 ppm 03) which exhibited an
immediate increase in hepatic and serum ascorbic
levels. After 24 hours ascorbic acid levels in both
groups approached but did not return to pre-exposure
values. The immediate increase in ascorbic acid levels
in the controls was unexpected and may reflect previ-
ously unrecognized chamber and/or handling effects.
(Copyright (c) 1983 by Marcel Dekker, Inc.)
Keywords: "Ozone, "Ascorbic acid, "Toxicology, Ex-
posure, Bioassay, Rats, Mice, Laboratory animals, Re-
prints.
PB85-173227/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Hematologic and Immunologic Effects of Ex-
tremely Low Frequency (ELF) Electromagnetic
Fields,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. J. Smialowicz. Mar 85,32p EPA/600/D-85/044
This paper critically reviews the ELF literature from
1978 to the present in regard to research dealing with
the hematopoietic and immune systems.
Keywords: Research, "Hematopoietic system,
"Immune system, "Radiation effects, Electromagnetic
fields, Very low frequency.
PB85-173235/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
North American Acid Deposition Data Base
System (ADS) and Its Use in Spatial Analysis,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
C. R. Watson, and A. R. Olsen. Mar 85,20p EPA/600/
D-84/176
Contract DE-AC06-76RLO1830
This presentation describes the Acid Deposition
System (ADS). The system is the central database for
the different monitoring efforts from several organiza-
tions in North America collecting acid rain data. The
presentation depicts how data from the U.S. and
Canada may be used by the acid rain scientific com-
munity.
Keywords: "Information systems, "Air pollution, "Spa-
tial distribution, "Acid rain, "Acid Deposition System.
PB85-173243/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Measurement of Volatile Organic Compound Cap-
ture Efficiency. Final rept. Feb 82-Aug 84,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
D. B. Hunt, and J. L. Randall. Feb 85,119p EPA/600/
2-85/011
This report reviews the feasibility considerations re-
garding each of several potential alternate approaches
for determining capture efficiency and experimental
testing of one approach, the liquid/gas-phase material
balance. Two phases of experimental testing were
conducted: laboratory and field investigations. The
measured mean capture efficiencies for the field test
were higher than expected (106.7% with a coefficient
of variation 7.4%). At this time, there is no material bal-
ance methodology which is superior to the gas-phase
approach using a total enclosure around the regulated
coating operation.
Keywords: "Surface coatings, "Air pollution control,
"Gas analysis, Industrial wastes, Substitutes, Experi-
mental design, Field tests, Feasibility, Performance
evaluation, Chemical analysis, "Volatile organic com-
pounds, "Air pollution detection. Tracer studies.
PB85-173425/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Chemical Transformations In Acid Rain. Volume 1.
New Methodologies for Sampling and Analysis of
Gas-Phase Peroxide. Final rept. Aug 83-Jul 84,
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
R. L. Tanner. Mar 85,33p EPA/600/3-85/016
See also PB85-173433.
New methodologies for the sampling and analysis of
gas-phase peroxides (H202 and organic peroxides)
using (a) diffusion denuder tubes and (b) gas-to-liquid
transfer with prior removal of ozone have been investi-
gated. The purpose was to develop an interference-
free method for determining H202 in ambient air. A
denuder approach using ferrous (1,10-phenantholine)-
coated tubes was unsuccessful; although H202 was
removed in the approach, the capacity was low and
ozone was also removed, possibly through surface de-
composition to H202 and its radical precursors. Gase-
ous peroxide in compressed air streams could be col-
lected in impingers without artifact formation from sur-
face ozone decomposition if 03 was first removed by
gasphase titration with nitric oxide. ,
Keywords: "Hydrogen peroxide, "Peroxide organic
compounds, "Gas analysis, Ozone, Chemical analysis,
Experimental design, Air pollution, Laboratory equip-
ment, Volumetric analysis, Decomposition, "Air pollu-
tion sampling, "Air pollution detection, "Acid rain, At-
mospheric chemistry.
PB85-173433/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Chemical Transformations in Acid Rain. Volume 2.
Investigation of Kinetics and Mechanism of Aque-
ous-Phase Peroxide Formation. Final rept. Aug 83-
Jul 84,
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
Y. N. Lee. Mar 85,60p EPA/600/3-85/017
See also PB85-173425.
The aqueous-phase reactions of 03 with a number of
species have been studied in an effort to identify path-
ways leading to the production of hydrogen peroxide in
solution. The aqueous-phase systems studied includ-
ed the decomposition of 03 in pure water and the
interaction of 03 with (1) N02, (2) PAN, (3) ethylene,
(4) formic acid, (5) formaldehyde and (6) formaldehyde
in the presence of N02. Except for the 03-ethylene re-
action, peroxide was not found as a reaction product.
From the results obtained, it is concluded that the re-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
actions studied in this research effort are not signifi-
cant with respect to atmospheric peroxide formation.
Keywords: "Reaction kinetics, "Inorganic peroxides,
"Air pollution, "Research projects, "Peroxide organic
compounds, Hydrogen peroxide, Ozone, Decomposi-
tion, Experimental design, Chemical reactions. Rain,
Liquid phases, "Acid rain, "Chemical reaction mecha-
nisms, Atmospheric chemistry.
PB85-173649/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atomspheric Sciences Research Lab.
Cllmatological Variability in Modeling of Long-
Term Regional Transport and Deposition of Air
Pollutants,
Argonne National Lab., IL.
J. D. Shannon. Mar 85,8p EPA/600/D-85/052
Annual variability in sulfur deposition source-receptor
matrices due to the variability in the meteorological pa-
rameters is investigated. Complete sets of 1980 and
1981 meteorological data and the Advanced Statistical
Trajectory Regional Air Pollution (ASTRAP) Model are
used to produce the annual 11 -source, 9-receptor mat-
rices. These annual matrices are compared to the
1978 U.S./Canadian Memorandum of Intent matrices.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Climatology, "Mathematical
models, "Transport properties, "Sulfur, Sources,
Sulfur	oxides,	Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Sulfates, "Advance sta-
tistical trajectory regional air pollution model, Dry dep-
osition, Acid rain, Wet deposition.
PB85-173672/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Orientation Handbook for Members of Research
Grants Science Review Panels,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Exploratory Research.
C. Gaylord. Jan 85,16p EPA/600/9-85/004
The mission of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency is to protect the Nation's land, air, and water
systems. The Office of Research and Development is
the principal scientific component of the Agency with
the primary function to obtain credible scientific infor-
mation on which to base sound national policy for pol-
lution control. This handbook describes the structure,
functions, and operational procedures of the Science
Review Panels used by the Agency for the peer review
of research grant applications.
Keywords: "Research projects, "Grants, "Handbooks,
"Environmental surveys, "Pollution control, Air pollu-
tion, Water pollution, Federal government, "Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Land pollution, Solid
wastes.
PB85-173680/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Assessment of the Role of Nitrogen Oxides in
Nonurban Ozone Formation,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
A. P. Altshuller. Jan 85,8p EPA/600/M-84/004
This assessment is the fourth and final assessment of
technical issues related to ozone and other photoche-
mically generated products formed in the atmosphere
requested by the Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards. A survey of information available on the
role of NO(sup x) in nonurban 03 formation was pre-
pared in 1979 (Martinez and Singh, 1979), This earlier
survey was carried out to examine the hypothesis that
NO(sup x) was the limiting precursor species with re-
spect to photochemical formation of 03 over nonurban
areas. If this hypothesis could be proved, it would indi-
cate that increases in NO(sup x) concentrations could
lead to higher concentration levels of nonurban 03.
Because of the fragmentary knowledge of the interac-
tions between NO(sup x) and 03 in nonurban areas,
the authors of the survey could not arrive at any defi-
nite conclusions. However, this survey also included
an interesting analysis of 03 and NO(sup x) measure-
ments obtained from the Sulfate Regional Experiment
(SURE) sites in the eastern United States. Additional
experimental measurements, laboratory smog cham-
ber results and modeling studies have become avail-
able during the last 5 years. These results have been
discussed in a review (Altshuller 1984b) prepared on
this subject. Based on these recent studies and earlier
results a reevaluation of the factors influencing rural
308 Vol. 90, No. 24
03 formation destruction and the role of the NOx in 03
formation is provided in the present assessment.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Nitrogen oxides, "Ozone,
Assessments, Sites, Rural area, Sampling, Photo-
chemical	reactions,	Surveys,
Concentration(Composition), Reviews, "Air pollution
sampling, "Air quality, Eastern Region(United States),
Chemical reaction mechanisms, Sulfate Regional Ex-
periment.
PB85-173714/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Chemical Transformation Modules for Eulerian
Acid Deposition Models. Volume 1. The Gas-
Phase Chemistry. Rept. for Aug 83-Jul 84,
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder,
CO.
J. A. Kerr, and J. G. Calvert. Feb 85, 258p EPA/600/3-
85/015
This study focuses on the review and evaluation of
mechanistic and kinetic data for the gas-phase reac-
tions that lead to the production of acidic substances
in the environment. A master mechanism is designed
that treats oxides, sulfur dioxide, ozone, hydrogen per-
oxide, ammonia, the simple amines (methyl, dimethyl,
trimethyl, and ethyl amines), chlorine, hydrogen sul-
fide, dimethyl sulfide, the hydrocarbons (methane,
ethane, propane, butane, 2,3-dimethylbutane, the C5-
C8 alkanes, ethylene, propylene, trans-2-butene, iso-
butene, benzene, toluene, m-xylene, isoprene, alpha-
pinene), and the variety of oxidation products of these
species including the transient free radicals, alde-
hydes, ketones, hydroperoxides and other molecules.
The reaction mechanisms and the rate constants for
certain of the chemical transformations are identified
for which major uncertainties remain and for which ad-
ditional experimental and theoretical work is recom-
mended.
Keywords: "Acids, "Air pollution, "Reaction kinetics,
"Vapor phases, Chemical reactions, Tables(Data),
"Chemical reaction mechanisms, "Acid rain, Atmos-
pheric chemistry, Dry deposition.
PB85-173771/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Textile Dyes and Dyeing Equipment: Classifica-
tion, Properties, and Environmental Aspects. Final
rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
S. V. Kulkarni, C. D. Blackwell, A. L. Blackard, C. W.
Stackhouse, and M. W. Alexander. Feb 85,402p*
EPA/600/2-85/010
Contract EPA-68-02-3174
The report gives results of a study of available informa-
tion on textile dyeing equipment, dyeing procedures,
and dye chemistry, to serve as background data for es-
timating the properties and evaluating the associated
risks of new commercial dyestuffs. It reports properties
of dyestuffs which affect their use on a fabric or in a
dye machine, placing special emphasis on acid, sub-
stantive direct, azoic, disperse, sulfur, and fiber reac-
tive dyes. These six classes were selected, based on
projections of new dye development activities and
concerns about the health and environmental effects
of these dyes. Dyeing equipment and associated
dyeing procedures that received detailed coverage
were beck, semi-continuous (pad-batch), transfer
printing, and direct textile printing. These four types of
equipment were chosen because of their projected,
continued, and predominant use in the textile dyeing
industry. The report estimates the quantity of dyestuff
released to the environment from each type of dyeing
equipment, and classifies the production capacity of
textile dyeing operations and their wastewater vol-
umes. The literature search conducted for this study
revealed little or no information on worker activities,
worker exposure to dyes, and specific chemical and
physical properties of individual textile dyestuffs.
Keywords: "Industrial hygiene, "Textile industry,
"Dyes, "Dyeing, "Water pollution control, "Environ-
mental surveys, "Air pollution. Chemical properties.
Physical properties, Molecular structure, Exposure,
Risk, Toxicology, Tables(Data), "Toxic substances,
"Occupational safety and health.
PB85-173789/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Conceptual Design for a Gulf Coast Oxidant
Transport and Transformation Experiment: Work-
shop Proceedings and Recommendations. Final
rept.,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
W. F. Dabberdt, W. Viezee, and H. B. Singh. Mar 85,
93p EPA/600/9-85/008
Contract EPA-68-02-3752
Thirty atmospheric scientists from government, indus-
try, academia, and the private research sector partici-
pated in a workshop in November 1983, in Durham,
NC to develop a conceptual design for a study of
ozone transport and transformation in the western Gulf
coast area. The purpose of the study would be to
better understand the unique meteorology and chem-
istry of the region, and to effectively adapt the EPA Re-
gional Oxidant Model to that geographic area. Working
groups focused on the problems of meteorology and
atmospheric chemistry and measurement needs and
methods. A conceptual design was developed for a
five-year program that would include preparatory stud-
ies, the 3-month primary experimental program, and
data analysis. The preparatory studies would consist
of the collection and analysis of all existing data, simu-
lation modeling, smog chamber studies, instrument de-
velopment, and preliminary, limited field measure-
ments. The primary experiment would consist of an en-
hanced monitoring network operated continuously,
and frequent, intensive short-term experiments; the
geographical domain of the study would be about 300
km east-west and 800 km north-south. The routine
monitoring would include boundary layer profiles of
aerometric parameters by light aircraft and enhanced
radiosonde coverage. The intensive studies would rely
heavily on sophisticated aircraft platforms such as
doppler radar, UV and IR lidar, backscatter lidar, and
in-situ gas concentration and flux measurements; gas-
eous and fluorescent particulate tracers would also be
used.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Transport properties, "Meetings,
"Air pollution, "Smog, "Atmospheric diffusion, Experi-
mental design, Meteorology, Field tests, Test cham-
bers, Graphs(Charts), Concentration(Composition), In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Aerial surveys,
Tables(Data), Gulf Coastal Plain Region(United
States), Atmospheric chemistry, Tracer studies.
PB85-173813/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Survey of Town Gas and By-Product Production
and Locations in the U.S. (1880-1950). Final rept.
May-Aug 84,
Radian Corp., McLean, VA.
R. Eng. Feb 85, 467p EPA/600/7-85/004
Contract EPA-68-02-3137
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The report gives data compiled from available litera-
ture identifying plants that manufactured town gas
from fossil fuels (e.g., coal, oil) and which existed in the
U.S. from 1889 to 1950. The results are the first step of
a preliminary study to investigate the fate and potential
environmental impact of by-products (e.g., tar) from
the manufactured gas industry. A list of gas manufac-
turing sites and company names was compiled by re-
viewing published gas statistics. It is estimated that
more than 1,500 manufactured gas facilities existed
from 1889 to 1950. In addition, available gasifier/proc-
ess information and gas and by-product production
data are reported. Based on these data, a rough (order
of magnitude) estimate for the total production of tar
by the U.S. manufactured gas industry was developed.
It is estimated that about 15 trillion cu ft of gas was
manufactured in the U.S. from 1880 to 1950, resulting
in the production of 11 billion gal. of tar as a by-prod-
uct Of this estimated tar production, some tars were
consumed at the plant site or sold and any excess dis-
carded. Excess quantities of other by-products, such
as coke and ammonia, may have been disposed of
also. However, this study focused on tar because it is
considered the more potentially significant waste dis-
posal problem. The explanations and assumptions
used in compiling the data are also discussed.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Solid waste dis-
posal, Byproducts, Manufacturing, Sources, Sites,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB85-173821/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Microwave System for Locating Faults in Hazard-
ous Material Dikes. Final rept. Sep 76-Sep 82,
Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA.
R. M. Koerner, and A. E. Lord. Mar 85,141 p EPA/600/
2-85/014
Continuous-wave microwave and pulsed radio-fre-
quency (ground-penetrating radar) methods were de-
veloped and assessed for nondestructive monitoring
of sub-surface environmental problems concerning
hazardous material impoundments. The primary objec-
tive of the project was to conduct a technological as-
sessment of these systems for identifying dike failure
characteristics (seepage, soil stratigraphic discontinu-
ity, voids, grouting breakthrough). These technologies
were also evaluated for the detection of related sub-
surface objects such as waste drums.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Subsurface investi-
gations, 'Dikes, 'Electromagnetic radiation detection,
Seepage, Radar detection, Tests, Environmental sur-
veys, Water pollution, Soil stabilization, Solid wastes.
PB8S-173839/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Ozone Production and Transport in the Atlanta,
Georgia Region. Final rept.,
Washington State Univ., Pullman.
H. Westberg, and B. Lamb. Feb 85,244p EPA/600/3-
85/013
Grant EPA-R-809221
The report presents the results from air quality moni-
toring program conducted in the Atlanta, Georgia
region during July 1981. The study included data col-
lected at several ground sites as well as airborne
measurements using an instrumented aircraft. Study
participants included Washington State University and
Gas Kinetics and Photochemistry Branch, U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Measurements included ozone, oxides of nitro-
gen, PAN, individual hydrocarbons (C1 - C10), halocar-
bons, condensation nuclei, visual distance plus numer-
ous other meteorological parameters. Isoprene and
monoterpene emission rates were determined for the
most abundant vegetation species in the Atlanta
region. Three SF6 tracer release experiments were
performed in order to better understand dispersion
patterns in the Atlanta area. Some study observations
include: (1) The observed 6-9 AM HC/NOx ratio in At-
lanta was 8.6 compared to the value of 1.5 estimated
from emission inventories, (2) the natural hydrocarbon
burden to the total nonmethane concentration ranged
from 2 to 7% and (3) ozone predicted by a city specific
EKMA treatment agreed well with observed 03 con-
centrations.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Transport properties, Sites,
Ozone, Nitrogen oxides, Hydrocarbons, Georgia, Halo-
gen organic compounds, Air pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Aerial surveys, Air qual-
ity, 'Air pollution sampling. Atmospheric dispersion,
Atlanta(Georgia), Tracer studies, Emission inventories,
Peroxyacetyl nitrate.
PB85-173896/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Proceedings: Seminar Workshop on Aeration
System Design, Testing, Operation, and Control
Held at Madison, Wisconsin on August 2-4,1982,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison.
W. C. Boyle. Jan 85,470p EPA/600/9-85/005
The objective of this seminar/workshop for consulting
engineers, planners, and other professionals was to
exchange information on recent research and devel-
opment activities in the United States, Canada, and
Europe on the design, operation, control, and testing
of aeration systems. The 3-day seminar/workshop
consisted of short, formal discussions followed by an
afternoon workshop session. Papers and current tech-
nical data on selected topics were presented in sever-
al technical sessions including aeration system design,
operation, and maintenance; aeration system control;
specification and testing of aeration equipment; and
translation of oxygen transfer data from clean water to
process conditions.
Keywords: 'Aeration, "Sewage treatment, 'Meetings,
Design, United States, Canada, Europe, Operations,
Equipment, Oxygen, Dissolved gases, Maintenance,
Systems analysis.
PB85-173904/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Interim User's Manual for the Advanced Scaveng-
ing Module Version 1.2. Interim rept.,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
J. M. Hales. Mar 85, 65p EPA/600/8-85/005
This report provides a user's manual for Version 1.2 of
the Advanced Scavenging Module (ASM). It is an inter-
im code and is intended primarily for coordinating de-
velopment of the module with that of the evolving
NCAR Regional Acid Deposition Model (RADM). The
ASM is currently in an evolutionary stage; the general
framework provided by Version 1.2 is sufficiently well-
established to provide the basis for future versions.
The code supplied with this manual is a complete,
operational system, and was tested. The ASM is acti-
vated by two types of subroutine calls from the host
code. Upon advancing to some ground-level position
(x,y) on the host's numerical computation grid, the
ASM is interrogated (using the first subroutine call) to
produce the vertical distributions of storm features
above that point. Following this, scavenging computa-
tions are performed repeatedly for each vertical grid
position, using the second subroutine call. The primary
outputs from these secondary ASM interrogations are
the transformation rates associated with the physical
and chemical components of the scavenging process.
These rates are returned to the host code and incorpo-
rated with its normal numerical integration procedure.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Air pollution, FOR-
TRAN, Computer programs, Subroutines, Sulfur
oxides, Oxidation, Cloud, Rain, Snow, Storm, Weather
modification, Process charting, "User
manuals(Computer programs), 'Regional acid deposi-
tion model, Advanced scavenging module, Numerical
solution, Acid rain.
PB85-173912/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Flue Gas Conditioning. Final rept. Mar 79-Mar 82,
Air Pollution Technology, Inc., San Diego, CA.
S. C. Yung, R. G. Patterson, B. L. Hancock, and S.
Calvert. Feb 85,110p* EPA/600/7-85/005
Contract EPA-68-02-2628
The report gives results of a survey of available flue
gas conditioning agents and user experience. Many
existing chemicals have been used as conditioning
agents in power plants or have been studied in the lab-
oratory as potential agents. The particle collection effi-
ciency of an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) for coal-
fired power plant flue gas cleaning depends on the
electrical properties of tne fly ash, among other things.
Flue gas conditioning refers to the addition of chemi-
cals to the flue gas for modification of fly ash proper-
ties and/or electrical conditions in the ESP to improve
the collection efficiency of ESPs. Conditioning is usual-
ly used to upgrade existing ESPs.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Electro-
static precipitators, Flue gases, Combustion products,
Performance evaluation, Fly ash, Electric power
plants, Industrial wastes, Additives, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), "Coal fired power plants.
PB85-173938/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Optimization of Nitrogen Removal by Rapid Infil-
tration. Volume 1. System Description and Evalua-
tion. Final rept. 22 Sep 80-21 Dec 84,
Colorado Univ. at Boulder. Dept. of Civil, Environmen-
tal, and Architectural Engineering.
E. R. Bennett, C. G. Enfield, and D. M. Walters. Mar 85,
113p EPA/600/2-85/016A
Grant EPA-R-807933
See also PB85-173946.
Treatment performance of three rapid infiltration
basins receiving primary treated municipal wastewater
is evaluated for optimum total nitrogen control using a
series of manual operational techniques and by
remote control computer operation. Three types of
loading sequences were used; flood loading every
three and one-half days, flooding daily and sprinkler
system loading based on soil moisture sensors and
computer analysis and control. The influent and efflu-
ent quality variations were increased substantially
compared with previous studies. Under optimum con-
ditions, sustained removals above seventy-five per-
cent were achieved with values for individual weeks in
the mid-eighty percent range. Nitrogen removals were
somewhat less for the automated sprinkler loaded
system with a maximum four-week average of sixty-
five percent.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, 'Nitrogen, Economic
analysis, Performance evaluation, Sprinkler systems,
Nutrients, Design criteria, 'High rate infiltrations,
'Land disposal.
PB85-173946/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Optimization of Nitrogen Removal by Rapid infil-
tration. Volume 2. Remote Computer Operating
System. Final rept. 22 Sep 80-21 Dec 84,
Colorado Univ. at Boulder. Dept. of Civil, Environmen-
tal, and Architectural Engineering.
D. M. Walters, C. G. Enfield, and t. R. Bennett. Mar 85,
336p EPA/600/2-85/016B
Grant EPA-R-807933
A rapid infiltration municipal wastewater land treat-
ment system using two infiltration beds was remotely
controlled in Boulder, Colorado, utilizing telecommuni-
cation from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory in
Ada, Oklahoma, with a 16-bit computer system. Oper-
ation of the system required unique interfacing of a
PDP1123 computer system with a data collection
system and signal conditioning system. When this
hardware was integrated together, it allowed data to
be collected at Boulder, Colorado, and the results
transmitted to the RSKERL in Ada, Oklahoma, where
computer programs analyzed the data and transmitted
codes back to Boulder to operate the system as de-
sired.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Nitrogen, Economic
analysis, Performance evaluation, Sprinkle systems,
Nutrients, Design criteria, "High rate infiltration, 'Land
disposal. Computer applications.
PB85-174076	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Periodic Depuration of Anthracene Metabolites by
Rainbow Trout. Journal article,
Wyoming Univ., Laramie. Dept. of Zoology and Physi-
ology.
G. Lmder, and H. L. Bergman. C1984,11p EPA/600/J-
84/250
Grant EPA-R-808871
Pub. in Transactions of the Amer
Rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri, statistically exposed to
36 micrograms/l anthracene (including 9-14C-anthra-
cene), bioconcentrated the polynuclear aromatic hy-
drocarbon 200 times the exposure concentration over
18 hours. Then, during a 96-hour clearance period,
mass-balance analysis of fish and water samples indi-
cated that anthracene was rapidly converted to polar
metabolite(s), then eliminated periodically. Maximum
depuration occurred during the dark phase of a 16-
hour-light: 8-hour-dark photocycle. Of the 2-3% contri-
bution of 14C metabolite(s) to the total 14C residue,
nearly half came from the bile. This periodic depuration
may be circadian, although this requires confirmation
by further work; to the extent it affects metabolic fate
of bioconcentrated organics, periodic depuration un-
doubtedly contributes to differences between predict-
ed and observed bioconcentration factors. (Copyright
(c) by the American Fisheries Society 1984.)
Keywords: 'Trout, "Anthracene, "Electrolyte
replenishers(Drugs), "Exposure, Aromatic polycyclic
hydrocarbons, Bile, Carbon 14, Residues, Periodic
variations, Hazards, Mathematical models, Wyoming,
Reprints, 'Salmogairdneri, 'Depuration.
PB85-174084	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Inhibitory Interactions of Aromatic Organics
during Microbial Degradation. Journal article,
Wyoming Univ., Laramie. Dept. of Zoology and Physi-
ology.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
J. S. Meyer, M. D. Marcus, and H. L. Bergman. c1984,
8p EPA/600/J-84/249
Grant EPA-R-808671
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v3
p583-587 1984.
Phenol, benzene and naphthalene were exposed, both
singly and in combination, to oil refinery settling pond
inocula. Although all three aromatic organics degraded
rapidly when dosed singly, benzene and naphthalene
were not metabolized in the presence of phenol.
These results illustrate the difficulty of predicting envi-
ronmental fates of complex chemical mixtures.
Keywords: "Biodeterioration, "Aromatic compounds,
'Inhibitors, "Environmental surveys, "Sedimentation
tanks, Phenol, Naphthalene, Refineries, Industrial
wastes, Bacteria, Biochemistry, Reprints, "Diauxie,
Benzene.
PB85-174092	Not available NTIS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Anaerobic Inhibition of Trace Organic Compound
Removal during Rapid Infiltration of Wastewater.
Journal article,
Rice Univ., Houston, TX. Dept. of Environmental Sci-
ence and Engineering.
S. R. Hutchins, M. B. Tomson, J. T. Wilson, and C H
Ward. C1984, 6p EPA/600/J-84/248
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbioloqy, v48
n5p1046-1048 Nov 84.
When soil columns were operated aerobically on a
flooding-drying schedule in a previous study, good re-
movals were observed for several organic compounds
at concentrations ranging from 1 to 1,000 micrograms/
I per liter in primary wastewater. In this study, fractional
breakthrough of most compounds increased substan-
tially once operating parameters were modified and
the soil became anaerobic. These results imply that
microbial removal of trace organic compounds can be
inhibited if anaerobic conditions develop during rapid
infiltration of wastewater. (Copyright (c) 1984, Ameri-
can Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: "Fluid infiltration, "Organic compounds,
"Waste disposal, "Sewage treatment, Anaerobic proc-
esses, Microorganisms, Removal, Trace elements, Ni-
trification, Flooding, Drying, Soil microbiology, Evalua-
tion, Profiles, Soils, Reprints, Denitrification, Soil.
PB85-174100	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Organohallde Formation on Chlorination of Algal
Extracellular Products. Journal article,
Pittsburgh Univ., PA. Graduate School of Public
Health.
J. K. Wachter, and J. B. Andelman. c1984,10p EPA/
600/J-84/244
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v18
n11 p811-817 Nov 84.
When certain chemical and physical parameters were
controlled during chlorination of algal extracellular
products (ECP), organohalide formation was modified.
In general, decreases in temperature and contact time
decreased the generation of purgeable (POX), nonpur-
geable (NPOX), and total (TOX) organic halide. De-
creases in pH increased NPOX but reduced POX and
CHOCI3 formation. Under most chlorinating condi-
tions, algal ECP generated more NPOX than POX and
CHCI3. The majority of NPOX formed was greater than
1000 daltons. The chloroform-generating potentials of
algal ECP and algal biomass were similar but were
lower than those reported by others for algal ECP,
algal biomass, and humic substances. The organoha-
lide-forming potentials of the blue-green alga studied
tended to be higher than those for green algae. (Copy-
right (c) 1984 American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: "Chlorination, "Algae, "Halogen organic
compounds, "Water pollution control, Toxicity, pH,
Chloroform, Biomass, Humus, By products, Assess-
ments, Concentration(Composition), Comparison,
Temperature, Reprints, Methane/trichloro.
PB85-174134/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
310 Vol. 90, No. 24
Deterioration of Marble. A Retrospective Analysis
of Tombstone Measurements in the New York
City Area,
Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO.
R. B. Husar, D. E. Patterson, and N. S. Baer. Mar 85,
31 p EPA/600/3-85/018
Prepared in cooperation with New York Univ., NY.
A data base of tombstone thickness and depth of
emblem inscription at Veterans Administration ceme-
teries has been compiled by New York University. A
subset of measurements for two cemeteries in the vi-
cinity of New York City was selected for analysis in this
study. For comparable meteorological conditions, dif-
ferent weathering rates of fine grain marble tomb-
stones were observed for the two cemeteries. Tomb-
stones in the Cypress Hills cemetery, which is located
within an industrial area, were observed to have higher
rates than similar stones in the semi-rural area of the
Long Island cemetery. By using a retrospective air
quality model, which is described in another publica-
tion, to predict S02 concentrations in New York City
from 1880 to 1980, concentration trends of S02 were
estimated for both cemeteries. A linear relationship
was found to exist between the weathering rates and
estimated S02 concentrations. A value of 10 mm per
century per ppm of S02 was derived as the best esti-
mate for the weathering coefficient of fine grain marble
for the New York City area.
Keywords: "Marble, "Deterioration, New York, Sulfur
dioxide, Concentration(Composition), Weathering, Air
pollution, "Tombstones, "Air pollution
effects(Materials), New York City(New York).
PB85-174191/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Advanced Waste Treatment Performance Evalua-
tion: Summary Report.
Weston (Roy F.), Inc., Westchester, PA.
1984, 78p
Contract EPA-68-03-3019
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effective-
ness of various technologies that have been used to
achieve advanced wastewater treatment (AWT) objec-
tives in municipal projects.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Municipalities, Effec-
tiveness, Calcium oxides, Materials handling, Slurries,
Activated carbon treatment, Design, Equipment, Filtra-
tion, Operating costs, Nitrification, Chlorination, Neu-
tralizing, Operating costs, "Advanced waste treatment.
PB85-174209/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
initial Evaluation of Alternatives for Development
of Sediment Related Criteria for Toxic Contami-
nants In Marine Waters (Puget Sound). Phase 2.
Development and Testing of the Sediment-Water
Equilibrium Partitioning Approach. Final rept.,
JRB Associates, Inc., Bellevue, WA.
S. P. Pavlou, and D. P. Weston. 20 Apr 84, 98p EPA/
910/9-83/117
Contract EPA-68-01-6388
With the increased use of our nation's coastal and
inland waters, regulatory agencies are frequently con-
fronted with difficult decisions in resolving conflicts be-
tween alternative uses of these waters, while at the
same time striving to protect overall environmental
quality. A significant number of management decisions
facing these agencies concern the definition of permis-
sible levels of contaminants in marine sediments. For
example, in Commencement Bay the Washington De-
partment of Ecology and EPA are attempting to identi-
fy those areas in which sediment contamination poses
the greatest environmental threat, with the ultimate
intent of initiating remedial action in these areas. At the
Four Mile Rock dredge disposal site, regulatory agen-
cies are confronted with an immediate need to estab-
lish a permissible level of contamination tor sediments
which are to be disposed of at the site.
Keywords: "Sediments, "Water quality management,
"Toxicity, "Puget Sound, 'Water pollution, Com-
mencement Bay, Protection, Ocean environments,
Dredging, Solid waste disposal. Sites, Safety, Metals,
Mathematical models, Regression analysis, Hydrocar-
bons, Biphenyl, "Permissible level, "Sediment water
interfaces.
PB85-174589/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Institutional Options for Improved Water Quality
Management: Policy Direction,
Battelle Human Affairs Research Centers, Seattle
WA.
F. A. Morris, and S. M. Carney. 16 May 84,120p
BHARC-300/84/016A, EPA/910/0-83/116A
See also PB85-174597.
This is the first of two reports analyzing institutional op-
tions for the improved management of water quality in
Puget Sound. The present report examines options for
improving coordination of policy direction. A compan-
ion volume (EPA 910/9-83-116b) examines the op-
tions for improving the coordination of investigation,
research and other activities. For purposes of both re-
ports, Puget Sound quality management is defined to
reflect the stated objectives of the federal Clean Water
Act. It encompasses all governmental decisions and
actions concerning the development and use of land
and water resources of the Sound, including the con-
trol of pollutant discharges that could affect the chemi-
cal, physical, or biological integrity of Puget Sound.
Keywords: "Water policy management, "Puget Sound,
State government, Government policies, National gov-
ernment, Improvement, Water pollution control, Deci-
sion making, Licenses, Clean Water Act and Amend-
ments of 1981.
PB85-174597/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
institutional Options for Improved Water Quality
Management: Investigation, Research, and Other
Activities,
Battelle Human Affairs Research Centers, Seattle,
WA.
F. A. Morris, and S. M. Carney. 17 May 84, 60p
BHARC-300/84/016B, EPA/910/9-83/116B
See also PB85-174589.
This is the second of two reports analyzing institutional
options for the improved management of water quality
in Puget Sound. The present report examines options
for improving the coordination of investigation, re-
search, and other activities. For purposes of these re-
ports, Puget Sound water quality management is de-
fined to reflect the stated objectives of the Federal
Clean Water Act. It encompasses all governmental de-
cisions and actions concerning the development and
use of land and water resources of the Sound, includ-
ing the control of pollutant discharges, that could
affect the chemical, physical, or biological integrity of
Puget Sound.
Keywords: "Water quality management, "Puget
Sound, State government, Government, Government
policies, Improvement, Water pollution control, Deci-
sion making, Licenses, Clean Water Act and Amend-
ments of 1981.
PB85-174654/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Special Review of Certain Pesticide Products. Lin-
uron: Position Document 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
15 Sep 84, 26p EPA/540/9-84/012
This Position Document 1 (PD 1) is the official an-
nouncement that EPA is initiating a special review of
all pesticide products containing the active ingredient
Linuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1 -methoxy-1 -methy-
lurea). EPA has determined that Linuron is oncogenic
in rats and mice and meets or exceeds the risk crite-
rion as described in 40 CFR 162.11, the regulations
governing the Special Review (RPAR) process. Only
after carefully considering the risks and benefits of
Captafol and determining that the pesticide will cause
unreasonable adverse effects on man or on the envi-
ronment, will EPA issue a notice of intent to cancel.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Standards, "Toxicology, Re-
views, Regulations, Exposure, Risk, Humans, Environ-
mental impacts, Fungicides, Laboratory animals
'Linvron, Registration, Urea/(dichlorophenyl)-meth-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB8S-174803/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Oftice.
Experimental Study of Lake Loading by Aerosol
Transport and Dry Deposition in the Lake Erie
Basin. Research rept.,
Governors State Univ., University Park, IL. Environ-
mental Science Program.
H. Sievering, D. A. Dolske, V. Jensen, and R. L. Huges.
Jun 84,167p EPA/905/2-84/002
Grants EPA-R-005301, EPA-R-005421
The purpose of this study of Lake Erie was to obtain an
over lake data base and to relate aerosol chemical
constituent loadings. Information collected at each
scale is necessary to expand our understanding of the
complex aerosol transport and deposition process that
occur over the lake. It is believed these results ob-
tained from the Great Lakes Atmospheric
Deposition(GLAD) network, should lead to a more
generalized understanding of aerosol transport and
deposition in the Great Lakes region, as well as a
better estimation of atmospheric-route Great Lakes
Pollution loading.
Keywords: "Aerosols, "Lakes, "Water pollution, Lake
Erie, Monitoring, Air pollution, Sites, Deposition, Great
Lakes, Chemical analysis. "Organic loading.
PB85-174829/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Lake Erie Water Quality 1970-1982: A Manage-
ment Assessment. Final rept.,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Center for Lake Erie Area
Research.
C. E. Herdendorf. Nov 84,154p EPA/905/4-84/007
Grant EPA-R-005516
This report is to highlight the findings and conclusions
of the 1978-1979 Lake Erie Intensive Study by placing
them in perspective with earlier investigations and sub-
sequent monitoring data from 1960 to 1982, where
available. The primary purpose of this report is to pro-
vide management information in the form of a review
of the lake s status and its trends and in the form of
recommendations to ensure continued improvements
in the quality of its waters and biota. Lake Erie has ex-
perienced several decades of accelerated eutrophica-
tion and toxic substances contamination. During the
latter part of the 1960s remedial actions were planned
and by the latter part of the 1970s, many of the plans
were at least partially implemented.
Keywords: "Water quality management, "Lake Erie,
Thermoclines, Monitoring, Toxicity, Biomass, Diatoms,
Phosphorus, Algae, Primary biological productivity,
"Entrophication, Organic loading.
PB85-175107/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Effects of Seafood Waste Deposits on Water
Quality and Benthos Akutan Harbor, Alaska.
Jones and Stokes Associates, Inc., Sacramento, CA.
26 Jan 84,143p EPA/910/9-83/114
Contract EPA-68-01-6613
See also PB85-175115. Prepared in cooperation with
Tetra Tech, Inc., Bellevue, WA.
This Environmental Assessment evaluates alternative
methods of disposing of seafood processing wastes
produced at Akutan Harbor, Alaska. It evaluates the
impacts of these alternatives on water quality, harbor
sediments, benthos, biology, beneficial uses of the
harbor, the village of Akutan, and the seafood process-
ing industry.
Keywords: 'Benthos, "Seafood, "Waste disposal,
"Water pollution, "Food processing, Licenses, Sedi-
ments, Marine biology, Alaska, Akutan Harbor.
PB85-175115/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Environmental Assessment of Alternative Sea-
food Waste Disposal Methods at Akutan Harbor,
Alaska.
Jones and Stokes Associates, Inc., Sacramento, CA.
27 Jan 84,109p EPA/910/9-83/115
See also PBB5-175107. Prepared in cooperation with
Tetra Tech, Inc., Bellevue, WA,
This Environmental Assessment evaluates alternative
methods of disposing of seafood processing wastes
produced at Akutan Harbor, Alaska. It evaluates the
impacts of these alternatives on water quality, harbor
sediments, benthos, biology, beneficial uses of the
harbor, the village of Akutan, and the seafood process-
ing industry. The sheltered harbor at Akutan, an island
in the Aleutian chain of Alaska, offers protected waters
for processing ships.
Keywords: "Seafood, "Waste disposal, "Water pollu-
tion, "Food processing, Industrial wastes, Sediments,
Benthos, Marine biology, Licenses, "Akutan Harbor.
PB85-175123/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Commencement Bay Deep Water Sediment Inves-
tigation, Tacoma, Washington, September 15-17,
1982,
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
J. Hileman, and M. Matta. Jul 83,96p EPA/910/9-85/
127
Commencement Bay is located at the southern end of
the Main Basin of Puget Sound. It serves as a natural
deep water port for the City of Tacoma. Located along
the southeastern shore are eight commercial water-
ways, one of which is the Puyallup River, the principal
source of fresh water to the Bay. The nearshore land
areas are heavily industrialized. Serious concerns
have been raised about the effects of current and past
waste disposal practices and their effects on the
marine environment. For several years, investigations
to determine the sources, distribution, fate and effects
of toxic wastes have been conducted by the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Wash-
ington State Department of Ecology, and the Environ-
mental Protection Agency. These studies have docu-
mented elevated levels of contaminants, toxicity to
bottom-dwelling biological organisms, increased inci-
dence of diseases fish, and accumulation of some
contaminants in edible portions of fish and shellfish.
Keywords: "Sediments, "Water pollution, "Com-
mencement Bay, Puget Sound, Deep water. Waste
disposal, Toxicity, Ocean bottom, Microorganisms,
Shellfish, Marine fishes, Animal diseases, Shallow
water, Washington(State), Tacoma(Washington),
Marine environments.
PB85-175487/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Special Review of Certain Pesticide Products. Trl-
phenyltln Hydroxide (TPTH): Position Document 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs,
17 Dec 84,27p EPA/540/9-84/013
This Position Document 1 (PD 1) is the official an-
nouncement that EPA is initiating a special review of
all pesticide products containing the active ingredient
Triphenyltin Hydroxide (TPTH). EPA has determined
that TPTH, which is registered as a fungicide and mite
suppressant, produces teratogenic effects in rats and
that sufficient exposure to applicators exists to meet
the risk criterion as described in 40 CFR 162.11, the
regulations governing the Special Review (RPAR)
process. Only after carefully considering the risks and
benefits of TPTH and determining that the pesticide
will cause unreasonable adverse effects on man or on
the environment, will EPA issue a notice of intent to
cancel.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Standards, "Toxicology, Re-
views, Regulations, Exposure, Risk, Humans, Environ-
mental impacts, Fungicides, "Tin hydroxide/triphenyl,
Registration, Health risks, Benefits.
PB85-17S495/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Special Review of Certain Pesticide Products.
Captafol: Position Document 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
19 Dec 84,25p EPA/540/9-84/011
This Position Document 1 (PD 1) is the official an-
nouncement that EPA is initiating a special review of
all pestcide products containing the active ingredient
Captafol. EPA has determined that Captafol, which is a
fungicide used to control the foliar diseases of certain
fruits and vegetables, is oncogenic in rats and mice
and highly toxic to fish; and meets or exceeds the risk
criteria as described in 40 CFR 162.11, the regulations
governing the Special Review (RPAR) process. Only
after carefully considering the risks and benefits of
Captafol and determining that the pesticide will cause
unreasonable adverse effects on man or on the envi-
ronment, will EPA issue a notice of intent to cancel.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Standards, "Toxicology, Re-
views, Regulations, Exposure, Risk, Humans, Environ-
mental impacts, Fungicides, Laboratory animals,
"Captafol, Registration, Health risks, Benefits.
PB85-175503/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Special Review of Certain Pesticide Products.
Alachlor: Position Document 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
2 Jan 85,97p EPA/540/9-85/001
This Position Document 1 (PD 1) is the official an-
nouncement that EPA is initiating a special review of
all pesticide products containing the active ingredient
Alachlor. EPA has determined that Alachlor produces
tumors in laboratory rats and mice and that humans
can be exposed to Alachlor through consumption of
treated crops, consumption of water, or contact during
handling and use as a pesticide. Because Alachlor in-
duces oncogenic effects when fed to mammalian spe-
cies and is contained in pesticides to which man is ex-
posed, it meets or exceeds the risk criterion as de-
scribed in 40 CFR 162.11, the regulations governing
the Special Review (RPAR) process. Only after care-
fully considering the risks and benefits of Alachlor and
determining that the pesticide will cause unreasonable
adverse effects on man or on the environment, will
EPA issue a notice of intent to cancel.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Standards, "Toxicology, Re-
views, Regulations, Exposure, Risk, Humans, Environ-
mental impacts, Fungicides, Dosage, "Lasso, Regis-
tration, Health risks, Benefits.
PB85-175545/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Flow-Through Bloasssy for Measuring Bloaccu-
mulatlon of Toxic Substances from Sediment. Re-
search rept. (Final) Apr 83-May 84,
Fish and Wildlife Service, Ann Arbor, Ml. Great Lakes
Fishery Lab.
M. J. Mac, C. C. Edsall, R. J. Hesselberg, and R. E.
Sayers. Nov 84,26p CONTRIB-616, EPA/905/3-84/
007
A bioassay was developed for testing the solid phase
of dredged material that measures the survival of orga-
nisms, and the bioaccumulation of toxic substances.
This bioassay is intended to estimate the bioaccumula-
tion potential from sediments that are not acutely toxic
to test organisms, but are suspected of containing per-
sistent contaminants. Two species of fish, Pimepnales
promelas and Perca flavescens, and two invertebrate
species, Octalasion tyrtaeum and Corbicula fluminea
were used in the evaluation of this flow-through bioas-
say. Although not intended as a toxicity test per se, the
test enables interpretation of any mortality that may
occur during bioassays.
Keywords: "Dredging, "Bioassay, "Toxicity, "Sedi-
ments, "Water pollution, Survival, Bioaccumulation,
Fishes, Invertebrates, Mortality, Measurement, "Pime-
phales promelas, "Perca flavescens, "Octalasion tyr-
taeum, "Corbicula fluminea.
PB85-175701/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Contaminant Analysis of 1982 Fall Run Coho
Salmon ('Oncorhynchus kisutch ). Research rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
D. S. DeVault, and J. A. Weishaar. Apr 84,26p EPA/
905/3-84/004
Prepared in cooperation with Food and Drug Adminis-
tration, Minneapolis, MN.
Skin-on coho salmon fillets from Lakes Huron, Michi-
gan, Erie and Ontario were analyzed under a coopera-
tive agreement between the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
and the states of Pennsylvania, New York, Ohio, Michi-
gan, Indiana and Illinois. Results indicate that the high-
est concentrations of pesticides and industrial com-
pounds occurred in coho from Lake Ontario and
lowest in Lake Erie. Tissue residue levels were below
U.S. Food and Drug Administration action levels for all
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
compounds with the exception of mirex and PCB in
Lake Ontario. Mirex exceeded the action level of 0.1
microgram/g in each of the 3 composite samples from
Lake Ontario. The Lake Ontario samples also exceed-
ed the 2.0 microgram/g action level for total PCB.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Salmon, 'Great Lakes, 'Sea-
food, 'Water pollution, Concentration(Composition),
Industrial wastes, Tissues(Biology), Biphenyl, Chlorine
organic compounds, Chlorine aliphatic compounds,
Comparison, Sampling, "Oncorhynchus Kisutch, Coho
salmon, Mirex, Repone, Methanocyclobuta(cd) Penta-
lenes.
PB85-175859/HSU	PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Assessment of Fluidized-Bed Combustion Solid
Wastes for Land Disposal.
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Feb 85,1747p-in 8v
Set includes PB85-175867 through PB85-175933.
No abstract available.
PB85-175867/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Assessment of Fluidized-Bed Combustion Solid
Wastes for Land Disposal. Volume 1. Final Report.
Rept. for Jun 80-Jun 84,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
T. W. Grimshaw, R. A. Minear, A. G. Eklund, W. M.
Little, and J. E. Dunn. Feb 85, 258p EPA/600/7-85/
007A
Contract EPA-68-02-3103
See also Volume 2, PB85-175875. Prepared in coop-
eration with Arkansas Univ., Fayetteville.
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E99, PB85-
175859.
This report, including 10 appendices, gives results of:
(1) an analysis of representative samples of fluidized-
bed combustion (FBC) wastes, (2) an assessment of
the characteristics of leachates generated from the
wastes under laboratory and field (landfill) conditions,
(3) a characterization of the attenuation of the lea-
chates by earth materials that are typical of disposal
settings, (4) development of a way to predict the leach-
ate generation behavior of FBC wastes under landfill
conditions on the basis of laboratory test results by es-
tablishing a rigorous statistical relationship between
the laboratory and field leaching results, and (5) as-
sessment of the compatibility of commonly used land-
fill liner materials with FBC waste leachates. FBC is an
emerging energy technology that holds promise for
both hign efficiency of energy conversion and minimi-
zation of adverse air quality impacts. A major advan-
tage of FBC is that high-sulfur coal can be burned with-
out the use of flue gas desulfurization equipment to
meet air quality standards. The solid residues that are
generated in an FBC unit are usually larger in volume
and have different properties than the typical bottom
ash from a conventional boiler.
Keywords: 'Fluidized bed processors, 'Solid waste
disposal, Earth fills, Assessments, Leaching, Experi-
mental design, Field tests, Air pollution control, Lin-
ings, Sorbents, Residues, "Land disposal.
PB85-175875/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Assessment of Fluidized-Bed Combustion Solid
Wastes for Land Disposal. Volume 2. Appendices
A through C. Final rept. Jun 80-Jun 84,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
W. M. Little, T. S. Gibson, T. W. Grimshaw, and A. G.
Eklund. Feb 85,173p EPA/600/7-85/007B
Contract EPA-68-02-3103
See also Volume 1, PB85-175867 and Volume 3,
PB85-175883.
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E99, PB85-
175859.
This report Appendices A through C, gives results of:
(1) an analysis of representative samples of fluidized-
bed combustion (FBC) wastes, (2) an assessment of
the characteristics of leachates generated from the
wastes under laboratory and field (landfill) conditions,
(3) a characterization of the attenuation of the lea-
chates by earth materials that are typical of disposal
settings, (4) development of a way to predict the leach-
312 Vol. 90, No. 24
ate generation behavior of FBC wastes under landfill
conditions on the basis of laboratory test results by es-
tablishing a rigorous statistical relationship between
the laboratory and field leaching results, and (5) as-
sessment of the compatibility of commonly used land-
fill liner materials with FBC waste leachates. FBC is an
emerging energy technology that holds promise for
both high efficiency of energy conversion and minimi-
zation of adverse air quality impacts. A major advan-
tage of FBC is that high-sulfur coal can be burned with-
out the use of flue gas desulfurization equipment to
meet air quality standards. The solid residues that are
generated in an FBC unit are usually larger in volume
and have different properties than the typical bottom
ash from a conventional boiler.
Keywords: "Fluidized bed processors, "Solid waste
disposal, Earth fills, Assessments, Leaching, Experi-
mental design. Field tests, Air pollution control, Lin-
ings, Sorbents, Residues, "Landdisposal.
PB85-175883/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Assessment of Fluidized-Bed Combustion Solid
Wastes for Land Disposal. Volume 3. Appendices
D and E. Final rept. Jun 80-Jun 84,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
R. A. Minear, T. W. Grimshaw, and W. M. Little. Feb 85,
368p EPA/600/7-85/007C
Contract EPA-68-02-3103
See also Volume 2, PB85-175875 and Volume 4,
PB85-175891.
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E99, PB85-
175859.
This report, Appendices D and E, gives results of: (1)
an analysis of representative samples of fluidized-bed
combustion (FBC) wastes, (2) an assessment of the
characteristics of leachates generated from the
wastes under laboratory and field (landfill) conditions,
(3) a characterization of the attenuation of the lea-
chates by earth materials that are typical of disposal
settings, (4) development of a way to predict the leach-
ate generation behavior of FBC wastes under landfill
conditions on the basis of laboratory test results by es-
tablishing a rigorous statistical relationship between
the laboratory and field leaching results, and (5) as-
sessment of the compatibility of commonly used land-
fill liner materials with FBC waste leachates. FBC is an
emerging energy technology that holds promise for
both nigh efficiency of energy conversion and minimi-
zation of adverse air quality impacts. A major advan-
tage of FBC is that high-sulfur coal can be burned with-
out the use of flue gas desulfurization equipment to
meet air quality standards. The solid residues that are
generated in an FBC unit are usually larger in volume
and have different properties than the typical bottom
ash from a conventional boiler.
Keywords: "Fluidized bed processors, "Solid waste
disposal, Earth fills, Assessments, Leaching, Experi-
mental design, Field tests, Air pollution control, Lin-
ings, Sorbents, Residues, 'Land disposal.
PB85-175891/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Assessment of Fluidized-Bed Combustion Solid
Wastes for Land Disposal. Volume 4. Appendix F.
Final rept. Jun 80-Jun 84,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
A. G. Eklund, and T. W. Grimshaw. Feb 85,107p EPA/
600/7-85/007D
Contract EPA-68-02-3103
See also Volume 3, PB85-175883, and Volume 5,
PB85-175909.
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E99, PB85-
175859.
This report, Appendix F, gives results of: (1) an analy-
sis of representative samples of fluidized-bed combus-
tion (FBC) wastes, (2) an assessment of the character-
istics of leachates generated from the wastes under
laboratory and field (landfill) conditions, (3) a charac-
terization of the attenuation of the leachates by earth
materials that are typical of disposal settings, (4) de-
velopment of a way to predict the leachate generation
behavior of FBC wastes under landfill conditions on
the basis of laboratory test results by establishing a rig-
orous statistical relationship between the laboratory
and field leaching results, and (5) assessment of the
compatibility of commonly used landfill liner materials
with FBC waste leachates. FBC is an emerging energy
technology that holds promise for both high efficiency
of energy conversion and minimization of adverse air
quality impacts. A major advantage of FBC is that high-
sulfur coal can be burned without the use of flue gas
desulfurization equipment to meet air quality stand-
ards. The solid residues that are generated in an FBC
unit are usually larger in volume and have different
properties than the typical bottom ash from a conven-
tional boiler.
Keywords: "Fluidized bed processors, "Solid waste
disposal, Earth fills, Assessments, Leaching, Experi-
mental design, Field tests, Air pollution control, Lin-
ings, Sorbents, Residues, "Land disposal.
PB85-175909/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Assessment of Fluidized-Bed Combustion Solid
Wastes for Land Disposal. Volume 5. Appendix G.
Final rept. Jun 80-Jun 84,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
H. J. Williamson, T. W. Grimshaw, and J. E. Dunn. Feb
85,260p EPA/600/7-85/007E
Contract EPA-68-02-3103
See also Volume 4, PB85-175891 and Volume 6,
PB85-175917. Prepared in cooperation with Arkansas
Univ., Fayetteville.
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E99, PB85-
175859.
This report, Appendix G, gives results of: (1) an analy-
sis of representative samples of fluidized-bed combus-
tion (FBC) wastes, (2) an assessment of the character-
istics of leachates generated from the wastes under
laboratory and field (landfill) conditions, (3) a charac-
terization of the attenuation of the leachates by earth
materials that are typical of disposal settings, (4) de-
velopment of a way to predict the leachate generation
behavior of FBC wastes under landfill conditions on
the basis of laboratory test results by establishing a rig-
orous statistical relationship between the laboratory
and field leaching results, and (5) assessment of the
compatibility of commonly used landfill liner materials
with FBC waste leachates. FBC is an emerging energy
technology that holds promise for both high efficiency
of energy conversion and minimization of adverse air
quality impacts. A major advantage of FBC,is that high-
sulfur coal can be burned without the use of flue gas
desulfurization equipment to meet air quality stand-
ards. The solid residues that are generated in an FBC
unit are usually larger in volume and have different
properties than the typical bottom ash from a conven-
tional boiler.
Keywords: "Fluidized bed processors, "Solid waste
disposal, Earth fills, Assessments, Leaching, Experi-
mental design, Field tests, Air pollution control, Lin-
ings, Sorbents, Residues, "Landdisposal.
PB85-175917/HSU	PC A0B/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Assessment of Fluidized-Bed Combustion Solid
Wastes for Land Disposal. Volume 6. Appendix H.
Final rept. Jun 80-Jun 84,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
H. J. Williamson, D. L. Heinrich, and T. W. Grimshaw.
Feb 85,123p EPA/600/ 7-85/007F
Contract EPA-68-02-3103
See also Volume 5, PB85-175909 and Volume 7,
PB85-175925.
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E99. PB85-
175859.
This report, Appendix H, gives results of: (1) an analy-
sis of representative samples of fluidized-bed combus-
tion (FBC) wastes, (2) an assessment of the character-
istics of leachates generated from the wastes underia-
boratory and field (landfill) conditions, (3) a character-
ization of the attenuation of the leachates by earth ma-
terials that are typical of disposal settings, (4) develop-
ment of a way to predict the leachate generation be-
havior of FBC wastes under landfill conditions on the
basis of laboratory test results by establishing a rigor-
ous statistical relationship between the laboratory and
field leaching results, and (5) assessment of the com-
patibility of commonly used landfill liner materials with
FBC waste leachates. FBC is an emerging energy
technology that holds promise for both high efficiency
of energy conversion and minimization of adverse air
quality impacts. A major advantage of FBC is that high-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
desulfurization equipment to meet air quality stand-
ards. The solid residues that are generated in an FBC
unit are usually larger in volume and have different
properties than the typical bottom ash from a conven-
tional boiler.
Keywords: "Fluidized bed processors, "Solid waste
disposal, Earth fills, Assessments, Leaching, Experi-
mental design, Field tests, Air pollution control, Lin-
ings, Sorbents, Residues, 'Land disposal.
PB85-175925/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Assessment of Fluidlzed-Bed Combustion Solid
Wastes for Land Disposal. Volume 7. Appendix I.
Final rept. Jun 80-Jun 84,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
A. G. Eklund, T. W. Grimshaw, and R. A. Minear. Feb
85,144p EPA/600/7-85/007G
Contract EPA-68-02-3103
See also Volume 6, PB85-175917 and Volume 8,
PB85-175933.
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E99, PB85-
175859.
This report. Appendix 1, gives results of: (1) an analy-
sis of representative samples of fluidized-bed combus-
tion (FBC) wastes, (2) an assessment of the character-
istics of leachates generated from the wastes under
laboratory and field (landfill) conditions, (3) a charac-
terization of the attenuation of the leachates by earth
materials that are typical of disposal settings, (4) de-
velopment of a way to predict the leachate generation
behavior of FBC wastes under landfill conditions on
the basis of laboratory test results by establishing a rig-
orous statistical relationship between the laboratory
and field leaching results, and (5) assessment of the
compatibility of commonly used landfill liner materials
with FBC waste leachates. FBC is an emerging energy
technology that holds promise for both high efficiency
of energy conversion and minimization of adverse air
quality impacts. A major advantage of FBC is that high-
sulfur coal can be burned without the use of flue gas
desulfurization equipment to meet air quality stand-
ards. The solid residues that are generated in an FBC
unit are usually larger in volume and have different
properties than the typical bottom ash from a conven-
tional boiler.
Keywords: 'Fluidized bed processors, 'Solid waste
disposal, Earth fills, Assessments, Leaching, Experi-
mental design, Field tests, Air pollution control, Lin-
ings, Sorbents, Residues, 'Land disposal.
PB85-175933/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Assessment of Fluidlzed-Bed Combustion Solid
Wastes for Land Disposal. Volume 8. Appendix J.
Final rept. Jun 80-Jun 84,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
H. J. Williamson, R. C. South, and T. W. Grimshaw.
Feb 85,314p EPA/600/7-85/007H
Contract EPA-68-02-3103
See also Volume 7, PB85-175925.
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E99, PB85-
175859.
This report, Appendix J, gives results of: (1) an analysis
of representative samples of fluidized-bed combustion
(FBC) wastes, (2) an assessment of the characteristics
of leachates generated from the wastes under labora-
tory and field (landfill) conditions, (3) a characterization
of the attenuation of the leachates by earth materials
that are typical of disposal settings, (4) development of
a way to predict the leachate generation behavior of
FBC wastes under landfill conditions on the basis of
laboratory test results by establishing a rigorous statis-
tical relationship between the laboratory and field
leaching results, and (5) assessment of the compatibil-
ity of commonly used landfill liner materials with FBC
waste leachates. FBC is an emerging energy technolo-
gy that holds promise for both high efficiency of energy
conversion and minimization of adverse air quality im-
pacts. A major advantage of FBC is that high-sulfur
coal can be burned without the use of flue gas desul-
furization equipment to meet air quality standards. The
solid residues that are generated in an FBC unit are
usually larger in volume and have different properties
than the typical bottom ash from a conventional boiler.
Keywords: 'Fluidized bed processors, 'Solid waste
disposal, Earth fills, Assessments, Leaching, Experi-
mental design, Field tests, Air pollution control. Lin-
ings, Sorbents, Residues, 'Landdisposal.
PB85-176485	Not available NTIS
Biotransformation of Trichloroethylene In Soil.
Journal article,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
J. T. Wilson, and B. H. Wilson. c1985,6p EPA/600/J-
85/010
Prepared in cooperation with Oklahoma Univ.,
Norman.
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v49
n1 P242-243 Jan 85.
The organic contaminants that are most commonly de-
tected in groundwater are low-molecular-weight, chlor-
inated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as trichloroethy-
lene (TCE), tetrachloroethylene (PCE), 1,1,1 -trichlor-
oethane, carbon tetrachloride, and chloroform. The
authors exposed unsaturated soil to natural gas to
enrich for methanotrophs and for organisms that oxi-
dized the other small alkanes present in natural gas
and then examined the soil for the capacity to remove
TCE from infiltrating water. As a control, the behavior
of TCE in soil exposed to natural gas was compared to
that of TCE in an earlier study (10), in which the same
soil in the same experimental configuration was dosed
with a solution of TCE but was not exposed to natural
gas.
Keywords: 'Soil analysis, 'Water pollution control,
'Biodeterioration, 'Carbon dioxide, 'Sand filtration,
Ground water, Natural gas, Aerobic processes, Carbon
tetrachloride, Chloroform, Industrial waste treatment,
Microorganisms, Reprints, 'Ethylene/trichloro, 'Bio-
transformation, 'Biological industrial waste treatment,
Ethylene/tetrachloro, Elhane/trichloro.
PB85-176576	Not available NTIS
Evaluating Sedimentation and Various Filter
Media for Removal of 'Giardia' Cysts. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research Div.
G. S. Logsdon, V. C. Thurman, E. S. Frindt, and J. G.
Stoecker. c1985,8p EPA/600/J-85/009
Prepared in cooperation with Cincinnati Univ., OH.
Coll. of Engineering.
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association, v77 n2
p61-66Feb85.
The primary purpose of the pilot study described in this
article was to evaluate the efficiency of sedimentation
and of coarse anthracite media for removing Giardia
cysts. Removal of cysts by sedimentation was ob-
served to range from 65 to 93 percent and was gener-
ally similar to removal of turbidity. The coarse anthra-
cite media produced water of inferior quality when
alum was the only coagulant, but its performance was
found to be improved by the use of a high-molecular-
weight, slightly anionic polymer. Cyst concentrations
appeared to be higher than usual during the initial
phase of a filter run, indicating that a filter-to waste
period may be desirable. The authors conclude that ef-
fective control, of Giardia cysts depends on informed
application of the multiple-barrier concept.
Keywords: 'Antracite, 'Sedimentation, 'Giardia,
'Water pollution control, Cysts, Performance evalua-
tion, Bacteria, Alums, Concentration(Composition), Ef-
fectiveness, Filter, Turbidity, Reprints, Giardia cysts.
PB85-176584	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Removing 'Giardia' Cysts with Slow Sand Filtra-
tion. Journal article,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins.
W. D. Bellamy, G. P. Silverman, D. W. Hendricks, and
G. S. Logsdon. C1985,12p EPA/600/J-85/008
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association, v77 n2
p52-60 Feb 85.
Pilot-plant studies were undertaken to determine the
efficiency of slow-rate sand filters in removing Giardia
cysts and other substances. The filters removed virtu-
ally 100 percent of the Giardia cysts, 96 percent of
standard plate count bacteria, and 98 percent of parti-
cles. Because of the efficiency and the passive nature
of slow-rate filtration, this technology is especially ap-
propriate for small water systems.
Keywords: 'Giardia, 'Sand filters, 'Sand filtration,
Cysts, Slow rate, Bacteria, Water supply, Distribution
systems, Water distribution. Effectiveness, Pilot plants,
Design, Operations, Microbiology, Reprints, "Small
water systems.
PB85-176592/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Earthworms of the Western United States. Part 1.
Lumbricidae. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
W. M. Fender. Feb 85, 43p EPA/600/J-85/007
Pub. in Megadrilogica, v4 n5 p1-41 Feb 85.
The earthworm fauna of the western United States is
an amalgam of native and introduced elements. While
the native species are mostly members of the family
Megascolecidae, and closely related to those of Aus-
tralia and Southeast Asia, the introduced species are,
at least in the North, members of the family Lumbrici-
dae, and mostly native to Europe, though some, Bi-
mastos parvus and B. tumidus, have come from east-
ern North America. This present work stems from a
need, identified by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, to determine the potential toxicity of various
hazardous wastes to soil organisms. Earthworms, be-
cause they burrow through and ingest the soil, are a
determining factor in the aeration, drainage, and fertili-
ty of moist soils, making them an important ecological
component of the soil system.
Keywords: "Worms, "Hazardous materials. 'Toxicity,
Soil microorganisms, Aeration, Soil fertility, Soil water,
United States, Collecting methods, Identifying, Labora-
tories, Tests, Reprints, Earthworms, 'Lumbricidae,
Habitats.
PB85-176600/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Growth and Development of Mice Offspring After
Irradiation in Utero with 2,450-MHz Microwaves.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
E. Berman, H. B. Carter, and D. House. 1984,12p
EPA/600/J-84/256
Pub. in Teratology 30, n3 p393-402 Dec 84.
Mice offspring irradiated in utero with 2,450-MHz radio-
frequency (RF) radiation at 0 or 28 mW/cm. sq.
(whole-body averaged specific absorption rate = 0 or
16.5 W/kg) for 100 minutes daily on days 6 through 17
of gestation were evaluated for maturation and devel-
opment on days 1,5, 10, 12, 15, and 17 of age. The
tests used to determine differences in developmental
age in the two treatment groups were body weight,
urine concentrating ability, brain weight, tolerance to
ouabain, and bone lengths. Fifteen sham-irradiated
and 26 RF-irradiated litters, normalized to eight pups/
litter, were used in this study. Mean body weight of the
microwave-irradiated offspring were significantly
(p=.0003) decreased only on day 1 of age. Brain
weight on days 10,12, and 17 were significantly lower
in microwave-irradiated pups (p=.01). There were no
significant differences in the two groups in urine con-
centrating ability on day 5, ouabain tolerance on day
15, or bone length on days 5,10,12, and 17. It is con-
cluded that there is a persistent delay in postnatal de-
velopment of .the brain after RF irradiation with 16.5
W/kg during gestation.
Keywords: 'Radiation effects, 'Microwaves, 'Irradia-
tion. Mice, Laboratory animals, Reprints, Fetuses.
PB85-176618	Not available NTIS
Postnatal Effects of Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) on
Cardiac Lactic Dehydrogenase (LDH) and Crea-
tine Kinase (CK) Isozymes in CD-I Mice. Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.
K. D. Courtney, J. E. Andrews, M. A. Grady, and M. T
Ebron. C1984,8p EPA/600/J-84/255
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in Toxicology Letters 22, n2 p223-228 Aug 84.
Pregnant CD-1 mice were treated with hexachloroben-
z®ne (HCB) by gavage at doses of 0,1,10 and 50 mg
HCB/kg body weight on days 6-17 of gestation and
studied on day 1 or 21 postpartum (pp). Hearts of the
dams and pups were assayed for lactic dehydrogen-
ase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities and iso-
zyme profiles. LDH and CK activities and CK isozyme
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
profiles were not affected in the dams by HCB treat-
ment, but isozyme LDH-5 was significantly depressed
and isozyme LDH-3 significantly increased at the 50
mg/kg dose of HCB on day 1 pp. Hearts of the pups
were studied on days 1,8, 10, 15 and 21 pp. The 50
mg/kg dose level resulted in a statistically significant
increased mortality in the pups. The mortality at the
other doses showed a dose-related effect. LDH and
CK activities and CK isozyme profiles were not affect-
ed by HCB exposure in utero. The only isozyme affect-
ed was LDH-5 with a statistically significant increase in
the 50 mg/kg dose group on day 21 pp.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Bioassay, Chlorine organic
compounds, Phosphorus organic compounds, Hy-
droxy acids, Mice, Laboratory animals, Reprints, "Ben-
zene/hexachloro,	'Dehydrogenase/lactate,
*Kinases(Phosphorylating)/creatine.
PB85-176626	Not available NTIS
Neurophyslological Effects of 30 Day Chronic Ex-
posure to Toluene in Rats. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. S. Dyer, K. E. Muller, R. J. Janssen, C. N. Barton,
and W. K. Boyes. c1984, 9p EPA/600/J-84/254
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill, and Northrop Services, Inc., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Pub. in Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratoloqy v6
n5 P363-368 Sep 84.
Long-Evans hooded rats were exposed to 1000 ppm
toluene or 0 ppm toluene 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 30
days. Following removal from the exposure conditions
(18-26 hr) flash-evoked potentials were recorded to
paired light flashes and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) sei-
zure properties were examined. No alterations were
found in the response to the first flash, but alterations
in the recoverability of the nervous system were dem-
onstrated by significant latency shifts in the response
to the second of the paired flashes, using first flash la-
tencies as covariates. No significant alterations were
found in PTZ seizures. The data indicated that at these
exposure levels toluene produced a small but signifi-
cant alteration in brain function, even after toluene had
been completely metabolized.
Keywords: "Toluene, "Toxicology, Bioassay, Neuro-
physiological effects, Exposure, Rats, Laboratory ani-
mals, Reprints.
PB85-176634/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Uptake Efficiency of the Gills of English Sole (Par-
ophrys vetulus) for Four Phthalate Esters. Journal
article,
Coryallis Environmental Research Lab., Newport, OR.
Marine Science Center.
B. L. Boese. 1984,8p EPA/600/J-84/252, ERLN-
N003
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Fisheries and Aquatic Sci-
ence, v41 n11 pi 713-1718 1984. Summary in French.
Uptake efficiencies of the gills of English sole (Par-
ophrys vetulus) for four homologous phthalic acid
esters were directly measured and compared with oc-
tanol-water partition coefficients (K sub ow). Test com-
pounds were diethyl phthalate (DEP), butylbenzylphth-
alate (BBP), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and
di-n-octyl phthalate (DOC). Mean uptake efficiencies in
a single pass through the gills were 11 % for DEP 42%,
for BBP, 3% for DEHP, and 12% for DOC. Uptake effi-
ciencies for DEP and BBP were inversely correlated
with weight-specific ventilation volume and did not cor-
relate with aqueous concentration. Uptake efficiencies
for DOC and DEHP were uncorrelated with any meas-
ured parameter.
Keywords: "Phthalates, "Water pollution, "Flatfishes,
Animal physiology, Phthalic acids, Esters, Dosage,
Measurement, Weight(Mass), Ventilation, Organic
compounds, Mathematical models, Exposure, Re-
prints, "Parophyrys velutus, English sole.
PB85-176642	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Respiratory Health and Lung Function of Anglo-
American Children in a Smelter Town. Journal arti-
cie
Arizona Univ. Health Sciences Center, Tucson.
R Dodge. C1983,6p EPA/600/J-83/286
Grant EPA-R-807240
Pub. in American Review of Respiratory Disease 127,
n2p158-161 Feb 83.
Copper smelters are large, usually isolated, sources of
air pollution. Arizona has several such plants on the
periphery of small communities. The smelters emit pre-
dominantly sulfur oxides and particulates, and the resi-
dents of these communities intermittently are exposed
to high concentrations of smelter smoke but little other
pollution. This study compared the respiratory health
of Anglo-American school children who lived in one
smelter community with children living in another small
community in Arizona that was free of smelter air pollu-
tion.
Keywords: "Respiratory system, "Children, "Toxicol-
ogy, Sulfur oxides, Particulates, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, "Air pollution
effects(Humans), "Lung function tests.
PB85-176659	Not available NTIS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Rersearch Lab., Ada,
OK.
Microbial Removal of Wastewater Organic Com-
pounds as a Function of Input Concentration in
Soil Columns. Journal article,
Rice Univ., Houston, TX. Dept. of Environmental Sci-
ence and Engineering.
S. R. Hutchins, M. B. Tomson, J. T. Wilson, and C. H.
Ward. C1984, 9p EPA/600/J-84/251
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology 48, n5
P1039-1045 Nov 84.
The fate of six organic compounds during rapid infiltra-
tion of primary wastewater through soil columns was
studied. Breakthrough profiles of o-phenylphenol were
relatively consistent during the test, with fractional
breakthrough (mass output/mass input) being inde-
pendent of input concentration. Consistent profiles
were also observed for 2-(methylthio) benzothiazole,
although fractional breakthroughs were higher at lower
input concentrations, indicating that removal process-
es were operating less efficiently at these levels. The
behavior of p-dichlorobenzene was similar to that of 2-
(methyl-thio)benzothiazole after the first inundation
cycle, with the exception that increased fractional
breakthroughs were observed at the highest input con-
centration as well. Microbial adaptation was evident for
benzophenone, 2-methylnaphthalene, and p-(1,1,3,3-
tetramethylbutyl)phenol, as indicated by increased re-
moval efficiencies during successive inundation
cycles, especially at the higher input concentrations.
Columns effluent concentrations of the latter two com-
pounds were independent of input concentrations
during the final stage of the test. Microbial activity and
adaptation were confirmed for several of the com-
pounds by using isotopes and measuring the extent of
mineralization in batch tests with soil from one of the
columns. The data demonstrate that microbial activity
is important in the removal of several trace organic
compounds during rapid infiltration of wastewater and
that this removal is generally enhanced by the pres-
ence of adapted microflora.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Fluid infiltration,
"Microorganisms, Ground water, Sites, Trace ele-
ments, Organic compounds, Surface water, Biodeter-
ioration, Aromatic compounds, Reprints, "Land dis-
posal.
PBB5-176667/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazardous Waste Treatment Research - U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
C. J. Dial. Mar 85, 22p EPA/600/M-85/013
Treatment and thermal destruction are becoming the
most viable methods for disposing of hazardous
wastes. Wastes can be destroyed through a variety of
treatment methods and in incinerators, boilers, kilns,
and other high temperature industrial processes. The
destruction of these materials is regulated under the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act as amend-
ed. The Office of Research and Development of the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency conducts re-
search to help establish and technically defend regula-
tions governing the destruction of hazardous materi-
als. The program is conducted at EPA-owned facilities
and by Agency contractors. It is highly coordinated
with other researchers. These programs will result in
regulation, permitting, and compliance actions by the
Agency to ensure continued, reliable operation of such
facilities and the public acceptance of the location and
operation of these facilities. A description of the EPA
research programs and how they interact with private
sector industry is provided.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Solid waste dispos-
al, "Incinerators, Regulations, Licenses, National gov-
ernment, Research projects, Environmental Protection
Agency.
PB85-176790/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Identification and Quantification of Nitropolynu-
clear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Ambient and
Indoor Air Particulate Samples,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
C. C. Chuang, G. A. Mack, B. A. Petersen, and N. K.
Wilson. Mar 85, 21 p EPA/600/D-85/050
Contract EPA-68-02-3487
Prepared in cooperation with SCIEX, Inc., Worthington,
OH.
Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and nitro-
substituted polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (N02-
PAH) have been identified in organic extracts of ambi-
ent air particulate matter. Many of the identified PAH
and N02-PAH are potent carcinogens and/or muta-
gens. Therefore the determination of PAH and N02-
PAH in ambient air is of considerable importance to the
characterization of air quality. A study was conducted
to estimate the influence of PAH and N02-PAH con-
centration in residences as a result of the following pa-
rameters: (1)smoking; (2)wood burning fireplaces;
(3)home utilities; (4)ambient air intrusion. Eight study
homes and two background homes located in Colum-
bus, OH were sampled in March 1984. Test param-
eters included the presence or absence of smokers,
wood burning fire places, and gas or electric utilities.
Samples were taken for 24 hours by using a modified
EPA/SURC medium volume sampler. A quartz fiber
filter was used to collect particulate matter and a poly-
urethane foam cartridge was used to trap vapors. This
presentation will emphasize the analytical methods
and the results of the N02-PAH determinations from
both ambient and indoor air samples. The identification
and quantification of N02-PAH were accomplished
using an on-column injection, negative chemical ioni-
zation gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (NCI
GC/MS) technique, in the multiple ion detection mode
(MID). A statistical analysis of these data was conduct-
ed to evaluate the test parameter effects on N02-PAH
levels.
Keywords: "Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, "Nitro
compounds, "Particles, "Gas analysis, Residential
buildings, Sampling, Gas chromatography. Mass spec-
troscopy,	Carcinogens,	Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Mutagens, Houses,
Chemical analysis, Fireplaces, Utilities, "Indoor air pol-
lution, "Air pollution detection, Negative chemical ioni-
zation gas chromatography, Cigarette smoking.
PB8S-176808/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Optional Cost Models for Landfill Disposal of Mu-
nicipal Solid Waste. Final rept. Sep 79-Nov 82,
Urban Systems Research and Engineering, Inc., Cam-
bridge, MA.
J. F. Hudson, and P. L. Deese. Mar 85,121 p EPA/
600/2-85/023
Contract EPA-68-03-2868
This report presents findings from an analysis of 45
landfills and associated transfer stations, balers,
shredders, and transportation networks. The analysis
of the sites attempted to determine how much it costs
to build and operate a landfill and which factors have
the greatest impacts on those costs. The studied land-
fills ranged in size from under 100 to over 5,000 tons
per day and were located across the continental
United States. A primary concern of the study was to
determine the reduction in landfill cost from waste
baling or shredding. The report presents the findings
from the analysis, the implications of those findings
and a methodology designed for use by local commu-
nities in determining their most cost-effective disposal
system.
Keywords: "Economic models, "Earth fills, "Solid
waste disposal, "Municipalities, Transportation, Haz-
ardous materials, Cost analysis, Sites, Economic
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
impact, Baling, Balers, Shredders, Cost effectiveness,
Shredding, Tables(Data), United States.
PB85-176816/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Treatment Technology for Pesticide Manufactur-
ing Effluents: Bentazon. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. W. Handy, D. J. Smith, and D. A. Green. Mar 85, 51 p
EPA/600/2-85/015
Contract EPA-68-02-3626
The report gives results of laboratory studies of the
treatability of wastewater generated from the manu-
facture of bentazon. The wastewater was character-
ized for pesticide content by high performance liquid
chromatography (HPLC). Toxicity determinations on
bentazon and its major treatment product (dichloro-
bentazon) were conducted with Daphnia Magna. Ben-
tazon was not toxic to the daphnids at concentrations
of up to 50 ppm. The major known by-product of chlor-
ination of bentazon is dichlorobentazon, which is toxic
to daphnids at 50 ppm. The removal of bentazon from
wastewater by treatment with sodium hypochlorite was
emphasized. The effects of variations in the pH,
amount of hypochlorite, temperature, and mode of hy-
pochlorite addition were studied. Temperature and the
mode of addition had little effect on the removal of
bentazon. It was found that bentazon is most efficient-
ly removed by hypochlorite when the pH is 2 or below
and when a 245- to 370-fold excess of hypochlorite is
used. Based on assumed rates of process wastewater
production, the total cost of the treatment was estimat-
ed.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Water pollution control,
'Chemical industry, Manufacturing, Industrial waste
treatment, Operating costs, Cost analysis, Oxygen or-
ganic compounds, 'Basagran, 'Water pollution detec-
tion, Benzothiadiazinone dioxide/isopropyl, High per-
formance liquid chromatography.
PB85-176824/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Methods to Identify Waterborne Pathogens and
Indicator Organisms,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
T. H. Ericksen, and A. P. Dufour. Mar 85, 52p EPA/
600/D-85/048
The number of methods described were selected be-
cause they have been successfully used to monitor
water quality or to detect pathogens associated with
water contact diseases. Some are included because
they have characteristics that fulfill a unique purpose,
i.e., high volume enumeration techniques for measur-
ing bacteria that normally occur in water at very low
densities. The bacterial indicator methods, if used
properly, are an effective means of monitoring water
quality and thereby protecting groups at risk against
pathogens associated with fecal material from humans
and other warm-blooded animals. The methods that
isolate frank and opportunistic pathogens from water
samples are most useful for identifying the source of
these organisms during disease outbreaks associated
with water contact. This report contains a 127 refer-
ence bibliography.
Keywords: 'Bacteria, Water quality, Detection, Identi-
fying, Methodology, Isolation, 'Pathogens, 'Bioindica-
tors, "Water pollution detection.
PB85-178832/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Simulation Modeling of Atmospheric Deposition
of Sulfur from Biogenic and Anthropogenic Emis-
sions,
Argonne National Lab., IL.
J. D. Shannon. Mar 85,13p EPA/600/D-85/054
A biogenic sulfur emission inventoiy for the eastern
United States and immediately adjacent portions of
Canada is used in the ASTRAP model to estimate bio-
genic contributions to wet and dry sulfur deposition
and atmospheric sulfate concentration, under the con-
servative assumption that all biogenic sulfur is trans-
formed to sulfate. Simulations for summer conditions,
in which biogenic sulfur emissions are greatest, are
compared with simulations of transport and deposition
of anthropogenic emissions of sulfur. The biogenic
contribution to sulfur deposition during summer is
shown to have a relative maximum in the southeastern
U.S., about 5 to 10% of the total deposition from com-
bined anthropogenic and biogenic sources, with only a
1 to 2% biogenic contribution indicated in the north-
eastern U.S.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, "Air pollution,
Microorganisms, Sulfur, Anthropology, Sulfates, Sulfur
oxides. Transport properties, "Atmospheric deposi-
tion, 'Eastern Region(United States), "Emission in-
ventories, Wet deposition, Dry deposition, Advance
statistical trajectory regional air pollution model.
PB85-176840/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Reproductive and Developmental Effects in Mam-
malian and Avian Species from Exposure to ELF
(Extremely Low Frequency) Fields,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
N. Chernoff. Mar 85,18pEPA/600/D-85/049
This paper critically reviews the Extremely Low Fre-
quency (ELF) Electromagnetic Fields literature from
1978 to the present in regard to research dealing with
the reproductive and developmental effects of expo-
sure.
Keywords: 'Electromagnetic fields, "Birds, "Mam-
mals, Exposure, Reproduction(Biology), Extremely low
frequencies, Sensitivity, Toxicity.
PB85-176857/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Summary of Waterborne Illness Transmitted
Through Contaminated Groundwater,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
G. F. Craun. Mar 85,31 p EPA/600/D-85-047
The use of contaminated, untreated or inadequately
treated groundwater was responsible for 51 percent of
all waterborne outbreaks and 40 percent of all water-
borne illness reported in the United States during the
period 1971-82. Contaminated, untreated or inad-
equately disinfected groundwater caused 65 percent
of the waterborne outbreaks and 66 percent of the wa-
terborne illness which occurred in noncommunity and
individual water systems but only 32 percent of the
outbreaks and 31 percent of illness in community
water systems. Illnesses most frequently transmitted
through groundwater included acute gastroenteritis of
undetermined etiology, chemical poisonings, hepatitis
A, shigellosis, and viral gastroenteritis. Waterborne
outbreaks in water systems using untreated well water
were caused primarily by the overflow or seepage of
sewage from septic tanks or cesspools, chemical con-
tamination, and surface runoff contamination. An in-
crease in the number of outbreaks resulting from the
use of untreated, contaminated groundwater was
noted during the summer months.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Ground water, Public
health, Contamination, 'Waterborne diseases.
PB86-176885	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Occupational Exposure to Formaldehyde In a
Medical Center Autopsy Service. Journal article,
Texas Univ. Medical Branch at Galveston.
V. R. Coldiron, J. B. Ward, N. M. Trieff, H. E. Janssen,
and J. H. Smith. c1983, 7p EPA/600/J-83/278
Grant EPA-R-807548
Pub. in Jnl. of Occupational Medicine, v25 n7 p544-
548 Jul 83.
The formaldehyde exposure occurring in the autopsy
service of a medical complex were evaluated as part of
a study to detect genetically harmful effects of chemi-
cal exposures. Determination of time-weighted aver-
age (TWA) exposures and characterization of the pat-
terns of exposure experienced by individuals with dif-
ferent work responsibilities in this occupational setting
were sought. Both general area and breathing zone
samples were evaluated. Estimated weekly time-
weighted average exposures for pathologists, resi-
dents and technicians were determined to be between
0.61 and 1.32 parts per million with little difference be-
tween work roles. While the averages were similar jhe
patterns of exposure of technicians and physicians
were different.
Keywords: 'Formaldehyde, 'Toxicology, 'Autopsy,
Exposure, Industrial hygiene, Reprints, Medical cen-
ters, 'Occupational safety and health.
PB85-176873	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Morphometry Characteristics of Cells in the Alve-
olar Region of Mammalian Lungs. Journal article,
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC.
J. D. Crapo, S. L. Young, E. K. Fram, K. E. Pinkerton,
and B. E. Barry. C1983, 7p EPA/600/J-83/279
Prepared in cooperation with Veterans Administration
Medical Center, Durham, NC.
Pub. in American Review of Respiratory Disease 128
n2 pS42-S46 Aug 83.
Morphometry procedures have been used to study the
characteristics of cells in the alveolar region of the
lungs of rats, dogs, baboons, and humans. Compared
with the other species, human lungs were found to
contain greater numbers of macrophages and to have
larger alveolar type II, endothelial, and interstitial cells.
The thickness of the interstitium and the pulmonary
capillary endothelium were also significantly greater in
the human lungs. These differences in human lung
anatomy may be due to increased exposure to air-
borne pollutants and to tobacco smoke. Despite the
above differences and the fact that there are larger
variations in size and functional characteristics of the
lungs of these mammals, an overall striking similarity in
characteristics of individual lung cells was found. The
distribution of cells in alveolar tissue was remarkably
constant between species as was the average volume
and surface area of most cell types.
Keywords: 'Cells(Biology), 'Lungs, Mammals, Mor-
phology, Characteristics, Humans, Dogs, Baboons,
Rats, Reprints.
PB85-176881/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Coal Cleaning Options for S02 Emission Reduc-
tion,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
J. D. Kilgroe, and J. Strauss. Mar 85,57p EPA/600/D-
85/057
Contract EPA-68-02-3136
The article discusses coal cleaning options for reduc-
ing S02 emissions. Conventional PCC can reduce the
potential S02 emission from high sulfur coal by 20-
50%, depending on the inherent properties of individ-
ual coals. S02 emission reduction by conventional
PCC is limited by the amount of finely distributed min-
eral sulfur (pyrite) and organic sulfur in coal. Advanced
fine coal cleaning technologies can be used to remove
fine pyrite and sometimes organic sulfur. Coal cleaning
may be used in combination with other technologies to
reduce S02 emission. Combinations such as coal
cleaning and limestone injection multistage burners
(LIMB) or flue gas desulfurization (FGD) may be more
cost effective than FGD alone. The use of a multi-
stream coal preparation plant to produce deep-
cleaned and middling products is another control
option. The deep-cleaned coal, which is low in ash and
sulfur, can be burned without further S02 emission
control while the middling product can be burned in a
boiler with a LIMB or FGD system.
Keywords: 'Coal preparation, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Air pol-
lution control. Fines, Flue gases, Boilers, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, 'Air pollution abate-
ment, Limestone injection multistage burners, Flue gas
desulfurization.
PB85-176899/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Economic Modelling of Water Supply: An Econo-
metric Analysis of the Multiproduct Firm. Rept. for
Jan 81-Sep 83,
Cincinnati Univ., OH.
H. Y. Kim. Mar 85,228p EPA/600/2-85/019
Research was conducted to develop a comprehensive
economic model that could use the neoclassical
theory of the multiproduct firm to analyze the produc-
tion structure of water supply. The project attempts to
meet the need for in-depth analysis of the cost and
economic structure of water supply. The cost structure
of the water supply industry was estimated using the
recently refined translog function. Issues addressed in-
cluded restrictive specifications for water supply tech-
nology, input demand function for water supply, scale
economies, marginal costs and output supply, and
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
pricing of water and the presence of cross subsidiza-
tion among residential and nonresidential users. Find-
ings of this research represents the first attempt to
apply the translog production function in the water
supply area.
Keywords: "Economic models, 'Water supply, Produc-
tion, Cost analysis, Industries, Specifications,
Demand(Economics), Prices, Residential buildings, In-
dustrial plants, Tables(Data), Cost estimates, Income,
Taxes, Water distribution, Distribution systems, Oper-
ations, Populations, Public utilities, "Water demand,
Economies of scale.
PBB5-176907	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Metabolic Properties of Isolated Rat Liver Cell
Preparations Enriched in Epithelial Cells Other
Than Hepatocytes. Journal article,
Pittsburgh Univ., PA. School of Medicine.
G. M. Ledda, M. A. Sells, S. Yokoyama, and B.
Lombardi. C1983, 10p EPA/600/J-83/284
Grant EPA-R-806644
Pub. in International Jnl. of Cancer 31, n2 p231-237
Feb 83.
A selected fraction of non-parenchymal cells was pre-
pared from the liver of untreated rats, of rats 11-13
days after ligation of the common bile duct, and of rats
fed for 4-5 weeks a choline devoid diet containing DL-
ethionine. The cell fraction isolated from these livers
consisted of one type of mesenchymal cells (Kupffer
cells), and of increasing proportions of gamma-gluta-
myltranspeptidase-positive non-parenchymal epithe-
lial cells (bile ductule/oval cells). The activities of ami-
nopyrine N-demethylase and of aniline hydroxylase
were determined in the three cell fractions, and were
found to be less than 10% of the same enzyme activi-
ties of purified hepatocytes isolated from untreated
rats. Primary cultures of untreated rat hepatocytes,
and of the non-parenchymal cell fraction prepared
from the liver of untreated and treated rats, were ex-
posed to aflatoxin B1. Less than 0.5% of the hepato-
cytes from untreated rats survived a 48 h exposure to a
concentration of 10 to the minus 6th power M aflatoxin
B1. On the other hand, 75% or more of the non-paren-
chymal cells survived a 48 h exposure to a concentra-
tion of aflatoxin B1 /cell two and a half times as great.
(Copyright (c) International Union Against Cancer,
1983.)
Keywords: "Cells(Biology), 'Epithelium, Rats, Liver,
Metabolism, Laboratory animals, Reprints.
PB85-176915	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Correlation Between Benzo(a)pyrene-lnduced Mu-
tagenicity and DNA Adduct Formation in 'Salmo-
nella typhimurium' TA100. Journal article,
Columbia Univ., New York. Coll. of Physicians and Sur-
geons.
G. T. Arce, and D. Grunberger. C1983,13p EPA/600/
J-83/285
Grant EPA-R-807282
Pub. in Mutation Research 109, n2 p183-193 May 83.
In an attempt to stabilize the dose response in the Sal-
monella typhimurium test (STT), the use of DNA-bound
products from BP was evaluated as a measure of the
biologically effective dose. In addition to the previously
documented interlaboratory variation, the authors ob-
served a 3-fold difference in the dose response of
TA100 to BP even when the assay was repeated with
the same experimental conditions. When overall BP-
DNA adduct formation was related to the level of His +
revertants, a series of responses emerged with two
predominating In the first type of response around 70
revertants per plate were generated for every BP mol-
ecule bound per 10 to the 6th power nucleotides of
cellular DNA. The second response gave about 1400
revertants per plate for one BP bound in every 10 to
the 6th power nucleotides. Several intermediates
curves were also detected. The variation in the muta-
tional response to binding levels occurred regardless
of the source of S9 or the growth stage of the cells.
(Copyright (c) 1983 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.)
Keywords: "Bacteria, "Deoxyribonucleic acids. Salmo-
nella typhimurium, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons,
Dosage, Responses, Reprints, "Benzopyrenes, Muta-
genesis.
316 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB85-176923/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Review of Numerical Models for Predicting the
Energy Deposition and Resultant Thermal Re-
sponse of Humans Exposed to Electromagnetic
Fields. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. J. Spiegel. 1984,19p EPA/600/J-84/247
Pub. in IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and
Techniques, v32 n8 p730-746 Aug 84.
For humans exposed to electromagnetic (EM) radi-
ation, the resulting thermophysiologic response is not
well understood. Because it is unlikely that this infor-
mation will be determined from quantitative experi-
mentation, it is necessary to develop theoretical
models which predict the resultant thermal response
after exposure to EM fields. These calculations are dif-
ficult and involved because the human thermoregula-
tory system is very complex. In this paper, the impor-
tant numerical models are reviewed and possibilities
for future development are discussed.
Keywords: "Electromagnetic radiation, "Thermoregu-
lation, Humans, Exposure, Models, Prediction, Re-
prints.
PB85-176931	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Subchronic Exposure to a Mixture of
03, S02, and (NH4)2S04 on Host Defenses of
Mice. Journal article,
IIT Research Inst., Chicago, IL. Life Sciences Re-
search Div.
C. Aranyi, S. C. Vana, P. T. Thomas, J. N. Bradof, and
J. A. Graham. C1983,19p EPA/600/J-83/283
Grant EPA-R-806327
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health
12, n1 p55-71 Jul83.
Mice exposed 5 h/d, 5 d/wk up to 103 d, to 0.2 mg
03/cu. m. or to a mixture of 03, 13.2 mg S02/CU. m.,
and 1.04 mg (NH4)2S04 aerosol/cu. m. showed sig-
nificantly greater susceptibility to group C streptococ-
cal aerosol infection relative to filtered air controls. Pul-
monary bactericidal activity by alveolar macrophages
was significantly enhanced in the lungs of mice ex-
posed to the mixture relative to those inhaling filtered
air or 03 alone. The total number and distribution of
the free cells lavaged from the lungs, as well as cellu-
lar ATP levels, did not change due to the pollutant ex-
posures. In vitro cytostasis in tumor target cells cocul-
tured with peritoneal macrophages from the exposed
mice was significantly enhanced in the 03-exposed
and in the mixture-exposed treatment groups relative
to controls and also in the mixture-exposed relative to
the 03-exposed group when a target-to-effector-cell
ratio of 1:10 was used; no such effects were observed
when this ratio was 1:20. Splenic T-lymphocyte func-
tion, as measured by blastogenesis to mitogens and
alloantigens, was affected by exposure to 03 and/or
the mixture, although the patterns of effects were
qualitatively different. Splenic B-cell function and ma-
crophage antigen processing, as measured by the
generation of antibody plaque-forming cells, was unaf-
fected by exposure. (Copyright (c) 1983 by Hemi-
sphere Publishing Corporation.)
Keywords: "Ozone, "Sulfur dioxide, "Ammonium sul-
fate, "Respiratory diseases, Mice, Laboratory animals,
Bacterial diseases, Reprints, "Air pollution
effects(Humans).
PB85-176949	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Intratracheally Administered Coarse
Mode Particles on Respiratory Tract Infection In
Mice. Journal article,
IIT Research Inst., Chicago, IL. Life Sciences Re-
search Div.
C. Aranyi, J. L. Graf, W. J. O'Shea, J. A. Graham, and
F. J. Miller. C1983,12p EPA/600/J-83/282
Pub. in Toxicology Letters 19, n1 p63-72 1983.
Because coarse mode particles are rarely studied in
their existing size ranges (greatest mass about 5-7 mi-
crometers, aerodynamic diameter), the authors investi-
gated the effects of four such particles, quartz, ferric
oxide, calcium carbonate, and sodium feldspar, on
host defenses against bacterial pulmonary infection.
Mice which received intratracheal instillations of 10,
33, and 100 microgram/mouse were exposed within
an hour to aerosols of viable Streptococcus, and pneu-
monia-induced mortality was measured. At 33 and 100
microgram/mouse, all particles significantly increased
mortality. At the lower dose, only Fe203 caused a sig-
nificant increase in mortality. To evaluate potential de-
layed effects, mice were challenged with the bacteria
24 h after exposure to 100 microgram particles/
mouse. Delaying the challenge did not significantly
alter the response, except for the sodium feldspar
group for which a partial recovery was observed. When
mice exposed to 100 microgram particles/mouse re-
ceived aerosols of Klebsiella pneumoniae 24 h later,
there was no significant effect on pulmonary bacteri-
cidal activity. For the model system used, it appears
that Fe203, CaC03, and sodium feldspar have effects
roughly equivalent to quartz. (Copyright (c) Elsevier
Science Publishers B.V., 1983.)
Keywords: "Respiratory diseases, Mice, Laboratory
animals, Quartz, Sodium feldspar. Ferric oxide, Calci-
um carbonate, Reprints, "Particulates.
PB85-176956	Not available NTIS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada.
OK.
Ground-Water Transport from Wastewater Infil-
tration. Journal article,
Rice Univ., Houston, TX. Dept. of Environmental Sci-
ence and Engineering.
P. B. Bedient, N. K. Springer, E. Baca, T. C. Bouvette,
and S. R. Hutchins. C1983,19p EPA/600/J-83/281
Grant EPA-R-806931
Prepared in cooperation with Woodward Clyde Con-
sultants Houston TX.
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Engineering, v109 n2
p485-501 Apr 83.
Ground-water contaminant transport was investigated
from a municipal wastewater infiltration system.
Ground-water quality samples were collected at the
Fort Devens, Massachusetts facility from surrounding
wells and were analyzed for conductivity and trace
level organics contamination. Ground-water flow and
chloride contaminant transport were predicted using a
two dimensional numerical simulation model. Disper-
sion estimates were made using organics data collect-
ed at adjacent wells and adjusted for absorption in the
porous media. Results for field dispersion compared
favorably with other values reported in the literature.
Methods used in this field project along with modeling
techniques should be applicable to other ground-water
waste contaminant sites.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Fluid infiltration, "Water
pollution, Municipalities, Sampling, Military facilities,
Water wells, Conductivity, Organic compounds. Chlor-
ides, Mathematical models, Two dimensional flow, Dis-
persions, Estimates, Reprints, Path of pollutants,
Ground water movement.
PB85-177111/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Using Mined Space for Long-Term Retention of
Nonradioactive Hazardous Waste. Volume 1. Con-
ventional Mines. Final rept. Aug 83-Jan 85,
Fenix and Scisson, Inc., Tulsa, OK.
R. B. Stone, T. R. Moran, L. W. Weyand, and C. U.
Sparkman. Mar 85,108p* EPA/600/2-85/021 A
Contract EPA-68-03-3191
See also PB85-177129.
This two-volume report assesses the current status of
using mined-space for long-term retention of nonra-
dioactive hazardous waste. Volume 1 updates previ-
ous studies conducted in 1974 and 1975 and exam-
ines published literature, determines involvement of
government agencies, reviews regulatory and permit-
ting requirements, and identifies existing mines for a
potential demonstration project.
Keywords:	"Hazardous	materials
"Mines(Excavations), "Industrial wastes, "Solid waste
disposal, Assessments, National government, Regula-
tions, Licenses, State government, "Underground
storage, "Liquid waste disposal, Underground space
Land disposal.
PB85-177129/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Using Mined Space for Long-Term Retention of
Nonradioactive Hazardous Waste. Volume 2. Solu-
tion Mined Salt Caverns. Final rept. Aug 83-Jan 85,
Fenix and Scisson, Inc., Tulsa, OK.
R. B. Stone, K. A. Covell, and L. W. Weyand. Mar 85,
66p* EPA/600/2-85/021 B
Contract EPA-68-03-3191
See also PB85-177111.
This two-volume report assesses the current status of
using mined-space for long-term retention of nonra-
dioactive hazardous waste. Volume 2 expands the def-
inition of mined space to include that created by solu-
tion mining of salt. This report examines the extent of
salt deposits in the continental United States, relates
the salt deposits to waste generating regions, exam-
ines the variances in salt chemistry for the various de-
posits, describes the methods for creating solution
mined caverns, discusses design and operation con-
siderations, discusses projects proposed by industry,
discusses advantages of the concept, and discusses
needed research.
Keywords:	"Hazardous	materials,
'Mines(Excavations), 'Industrial wastes, 'Solid waste
disposal, 'Solution mining, Chemistry, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, United States, "Underground
storage, 'Liquid waste disposal, "Salt deposits, Land
disposal, Underground space.
PBB5-177202/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Selected Topics Related to Infiltration and Inflow
In Sewer Systems,
American Public Works Association, Chicago, IL. Re-
search Foundation.
R. H. Sullivan, and J. W. Ewing. Mar 85,83p* EPA/
600/2-85/020
This project was undertaken as a review of the current
state-of-the-art in infiltration/inflow control and to
present information not included in earlier manuals
and reports on this subject. A series of nine regional
seminars was conducted to explore local problems
and practices for solution. Chapters in this report re-
spond to problem areas discussed at these seminars.
Besides an overview, the report includes information
on problem determination as approached by the
Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission, methods
for flow determination including a discussion of accu-
racy, economics of sewer rehabilitation, methods of re-
habilitation, long-term rehabilitation programs, and
long-term flow monitoring.
Keywords: "Water flow, 'Fluid infiltration, 'Sewers,
'Reviews, Water pollution control, Manuals, Flow rate,
Monitoring, Accuracy, Economic factors, Velocity
measurement, Calibrating, Pipes(Tubes), Illinois,
Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission, Rehabili-
tation.
PB85-177210/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Residential Wood Combustion Study: 1980-1982
Executive Summary,
Green (Del) Associates, Inc., Salem, OR. Environmen-
tal Technology Div.
B. A. Burton, and A. J. Senzel. Aug 84, 32p EPA/910/
9-82/089K
Contract EPA-68-02-3566
See also PB84-170653.
Between 1900 and 1970, this country saw a massive
shift in home heating from coal and wood to the newer
cleaner sources of heat such as oil and electricity. With
the large price increases and supply uncertainties of
the 1979s for the newer energy sources, however,
many homeowners began to look again at the use of
wood for home heating. Because of public health, es-
thetic and economic growth considerations, residential
wood combustion has become a focus of air pollution
control interest in the last few years. This study was
commissioned by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Region 10. to provide some of the necessary
information for interested agencies. It was conducted
in 1980-81, and was designed to answer these ques-
tions for the Pacific Northwest: How serious is the cur-
rent air pollution problem due to residential wood com-
bustion. Will this problem increase over the next 20
years, and if so, how much. What are the most effec-
tive and realistic strategies to reduce the air pollution
impact of residential wood combustion.
Keywords: "Residential buildings, "Wood, 'Air pollu-
tion control, Combustion products, Stoves, Heating
systems, Household, Tables(Data), Environmental im-
pacts, Concentration(Composition), Sampling, Design
criteria, Performance evaluation, "Indoor air pollution,
"Air quality, EPA region 10, Wood stoves, Air pollution
sampling.
PB85-177244/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Development and Evaluation of Improved Fine
Particulate Filter Systems. Final rept. Jul 80-Aug 84,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
R. Dennis, J. A. Dirgo, and M. A. Grant. Mar 85,171p
GCA-TR-84-17-G, EPA/600/7-85/010
Contract EPA-68-02-3151
The report describes efforts to relate coal and fly ash
properties to the fabric filter specific resistance coeffi-
cient, K sub 2, and to extend the GCA/EPA fabric filter
model to include pulse-jet filter theory. Fly ashes from
coal produced in various parts of the U.S., including
low sulfur western coals, were examined for physical
and chemical properties that might correlate with the
magnitude of the K sub 2 parameter. Variation in K sub
2 between fly ashes has been noted, but its specific
causes have not been delineated. Results of this work
showed a strong correlation between fly ash size, coal
ash content, and K sub 2. Electrical charge and
method of coal firing exhibited weak correlations. How-
ever, coal sulfur content, fusion properties, and chemi-
cal structures showed no clear-cut correlations. The
relevant literature on pulse-jet filter theory was as-
sessed to develop guidelines for developing a predic-
tive model. The effects of jet size, air volume, and
pulse intensity were related to pressure loss. Energy
transfer from the jet pulse to the fabric was explored.
Finally, predictive equations were developed for esti-
mating total pressure loss over a range of collector
design and operating parameters.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Fine,
"Mathematical models, Performance evaluation, Parti-
cles, Physical properties, Chemical properties, Fly ash,
Design criteria, Assessments, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, "Pulse jet fabric filters, Fabric filters.
PB85-177400/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
National Surface Water Survey: Western Wilder-
ness Area Lakes. Environmental Assessment
(Draft).
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Mar 85,173p EPA/910/9-85/125
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is
proposing to sample 498 lakes in federally designated
wilderness areas and national parks during the west-
ern part of the National Surface Water Survey (NSWS).
The NSWS has been undertaken to provide high qual-
ity data for evaluating the nature and extent of acid
deposition throughout the United States. Sampling
protocols established for the national survey call for
the use of helicopters to gain access to lakes for sam-
pling. Helicopters have already been used in the east-
ern and midwestern parts of the survey. The U.S.
Forest Service and the National Park Service will have
to decide which sampling plan for wilderness areas, if
any, can be approved under the Wilderness Act of
1964.
Keywords: "Acidity, "Lakes, "Water pollution. Environ-
mental impact statements-draft, Surveys,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Environmental impacts,
Assessments, Helicopters, National parks, Wildlife,
Humans, Safety, Horses, Recreation, "Wilderness
areas, Endangered species.
PB85-177780/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Indices Identifying Subsurface Microbial Commu-
nities That Are Adapted to Organic Pollution,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Biomedi-
cal and Toxicological Research.
G. A. Smith, J. S. Nickels, J. D. Davis, R. H. Findlay,
and P. S. Vashio. Mar 85,19p EPA/600/D-85/055
Grant EPA-R-809994
The subsurface microbiota and their extracellular ex-
cretion products are of primary importance in the main-
tenance of the ground-water resources particularly
when the water is polluted. With the development of
quantitative biochemical assays for biomass, commu-
nity structure, and metabolic activities of the microbes
of the subsurface sediments, it proved possible to
search for assays that correlated with exposure to pol-
lution. The subsurface sediments from an abandoned
creosote waste deposit showed that exposure to pollu-
tion increased the total microbial biomass as meas-
ured by the extractable phospholipid; shifted the com-
munity structure by decreasing the proportion of gram
positive bacteria that form glycerol teichoic acids and
induced distinctive changes in the ester-linked phos-
pholipid fatty acids.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Microorganisms, "Water
pollution, Bioassay, Biochemistry, Metabolism, Bio-
mass, Sediments, Creosote, Bacteria, Lipids, Glycerol,
Fatty acids, Sediments, Growth, Polymers, Carbon 14,
Acetates, Gram positive bacteria, Teichoid acids.
PB85-177798/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Control of Microorganisms of Public Health Con-
cern in Water,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
E. E. Geldreich. Mar 85,22p EPA/600/D-85/056
Microorganisms of public health concern in water can
be controlled by treatment process technology cur-
rently available. Where outbreaks have occurred, the
cause has been a demonstrated failure in wastewater
or water supply treatment operation or distribution pro-
tection. While natural self-purification in receiving
waters can be an important buffer between waste ef-
fluent discharges and water supply intakes, the fragile
nature of the associated phenomena cannot be a sub-
stitution for adequate waste treatment. Essential to
maximum public health safeguards is the use of a mul-
tiple barrier concept that relies on establishing protec-
tive systems between the water user and sources of
potential contamination.
Keywords: "Microorganism control(Sewage),
"Sewage treatment, Water supply, Failure, Purifica-
tion, Streams, Public health, Safety, Protection,
Discharge(Water).
PB85-177806/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Liver Initiation Assay: The Rat Liver Foci Bioassay
of Carcinogens and Noncarclnogens,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
M. A. Pereira, and S. L. Herren-Freund. Mar 85,16p
EPA/600/D-85/045
2-Acetylaminoflorene,	4-acetylaminofluorene,
benzo(a)pyrene and pyrene were evaluated in the rat
liver foci bioassay for their ability to initiate gamma-glu-
tamyltranspeptidase-positive foci. Under the condi-
tions used, 2-acetylaminofluorene and benzo(a)pyrene
were active in the assay while 4-acetylaminofluorene
and pyrene were not active.
Keywords: "Bioassays, "Liver neoplasms, "Carcino-
gens, "Toxicology, 'Environmental surveys, Laborato-
ry animals, Rats, Malignant neoplasms, In vivo analy-
sis, Deoxyribonucleic acids, Pyrenes, Benzopyrenes,
Benzo(a)pyrene, Pyrene, Fluorene/acetyl-amino.
PB85-177814	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Comparison of the Mutagenicity of Sewage
Sludges. Journal article,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Inst, for Environ-
mental Studies.
P. K. Hopke, M. J. Plewa, P. L. Stapleton, and D. L.
Weaver. c1984,10p EPA/600/J-84/241
Grant EPA-R-807009
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v18
n12 p909-916 1984.
Samples of five municipal sewage sludges from Illinois
cities have been subjected to a multiorganism testing
program to determine the presence or absence of mu-
tagenic activity. Chicago sludge has been the most ex-
tensively tested by using the Salmonella/microsome
reverse mutation assay, the micronucieus test in
Tradescantia, the wx locus assay in Zea mays, and
sister chromatid exchange induction in human lympho-
cytes. Mutagenic activity has been observed in the
sludges from Chicago and Sauget, Illinois. Sludges
form primarily domestic sewage do not apparently con-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tain significant mutagenic activity. (Copyright (c) 1984
American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: "Sewage sludges, 'Mutagens, "Bioassay,
Illinois, Extractions, Solid waste disposal, Water pollu-
tion, Soil analysis. Transport properties, Reprints,
"Land disposal, "Toxic substances.
PB85-177822	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Aversion/Attraction of Blue Jays to Microwave Ir-
radiation. Journal article.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
F. E. Wasserman. C. Dowd, D. Byman, B. A. Schlinger,
and S. P. Battista. C1984, 6p EPA/600/J-84/242
Contract EPA-68-02-3278
Prepared in cooperation with Boston Univ., MA. Dept.
of Biology, and Manomet Bird Observatory, MA.
Pub. in Physiology and Behavior, v33 n5 p805-807 Nov
84.
Aversion/attraction experiments were conducted to
determine whether birds can perceive of 2.45 GHz
continuous wave microwave irradiation by observing
whether Blue Jays (Cyanocitta cristata) exhibit an at-
traction or an aversion to the field when exposed to 25
and 50 microwaves/sq cm. At power densities of 25
and 50 microwaves/sq cm Blue Jays exhibit an aver-
sion to microwave irradiation. (Copyriqht (c) Perqamon
Press Ltd., 1984.)
Keywords: "Animal behavior, "Microwaves, "Birds, In-
frared radiation, Exposure, Attractants, Detection,
Temperature, Extremely low frequencies, Environmen-
tal impacts, Artificial satellites, Power supplies, Re-
prints, "Cyanocilta cristata, Aversion.
PB85-177830	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy of
/	Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Journal article,
Georgia Univ.. Athens. Dept. of Chemistry.
D. R. Van Hare, L. A. Carreira, L. B. Rogers, and L.
Azarraga. C1984,12p EPA/600/J-84/243
Grant EPA-R-809989
Pub. in Applied Spectroscopy, v38 n4 p543-552 1984
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS)
was used to obtain Raman spectra of thirteen polycy-
clic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) composed of be-
tween three and seven fused rings. The compounds
were pumped in the resonance and preresonance re-
gions to obtain the sensitivity necessary for examina-
tion at concentrations down to .000015 M. A simple
mixture of three PAHs was optically separated through
the wavelength selectivity of the resonant enhance-
ment process. Comparisons between the spectra of
the mixture and the spectrum of each pure component
showed essentially no differences when pumped at
the same wavelength. Finally, lineshape analysis was
performed on the CARS spectra to facilitate compari-
sons between classes of compounds and for quantita-
tive purposes. (Copyright (c) 1984 Society for Applied
Spectroscopy.)
Keywords: "Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons,
"Raman spectra, "Chemical analysis, "Environmental
surveys, Comparison, Line width, Reprints, "Coherent
anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy.
PB85-177848	Not available NTIS
Co-Occurrence of Potentially Phytotoxlc Concen-
trations of Various Gaseous Air Pollutants. Journal
article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A. S. Lefohn, and D. T. Tingey. c1984, 8p EPA/600/J-
84/245
Prepared in cooperation with ASL and Associates,
Helena, MT.
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v18 n11 p2521-
2526 Nov 84.
Studies on impacts of air pollutants on vegetation have
focused primarily on individual pollutants: ozone, sulfur
dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. The impacts of pollutant
combinations have not been extensively studied and
there has been no concerted effort to ensure that ex-
perimental regimes for combined pollutant exposures
are representative of ambient pollutant concentration,
frequency, duration and time intervals between events.
Most studies concerning the impact of pollutant combi-
nations on vegetation have used concentrations of
318 Vol. 90, NO. 24
0.05 ppm and greater. Therefore, co-occurrence was
defined as the simultaneous occurrence of hourly
averaged concentrations of 0.05 ppm or greater for
pollutant pairs (S02/N02, 03/S02, or 03/N02). Air
quality information from three data bases (EPA-
SAROAD, EPRI-SURE and TVA) was analyzed to de-
termine the frequency of co-occurrence for pollutant
pairs. Ambient air quality data representing a diverse
range of monitoring sites (e.g. rural, remote, city
center, urban near urban, etc.) were used in the analy-
sis. Results showed that at most sites (1) the co-occur-
rence of two-pollutant mixtures lasted only a few hours
per episode, (2) the time interval between episodes
was generally large (weeks, sometimes months) and
(3) most studies have used more intense exposure re-
gimes than occurred at most monitored sites. When
designing vegetation experiments for assessing pollut-
ant mixture effects, it may be desirable to give greater
emphasis to sequential patterns of exposure. (Copy-
right (c) 1984 Pergamon Press Ltd.)
Keywords: "Air pollution, Exposure, Ozone, Sulfur di-
oxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Vegetation,
Concentration(Composition), Sampling, Sites, Assess-
ments, Experimental design, Reprints, "Air quality, "Air
pollution effects(Plants).
PB85-177855	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effect of Methyl Llnoleate Hydroperoxide (MLHP),
A Possible Toxic Intermediate of Ozone, on
Human Normal and Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehy-
drogenase (G-6-PD) Deficient Erythrocytes. Jour-
nal article,
Massachusetts Univ., Amherst. Dept. of Public Health.
P. S. Williams, E. J. Calabrese, and G. S. Moore.
C1983,14p EPA/600/J-83/277
Grant EPA-R-805797
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Science and Health, A18
n1 p37-49 1983.
Erythrocytes of both normal and G-6-PD deficient
humans responded in a dose-dependent manner to
the oxidant stress of MLHP as measured by decreases
in G-6-PD activity, increases in methemoglobin
(METHB) levels and decreases in reduced glutahione
(GSH). The G-6-PD deficient erythrocytes displayed a
markedly enhanced sensitivity to MLPH induced de-
creases in G-6-PD activity and METHB increases while
being less sensitive than normal erythrocytes to
changes in GSH levels. (Copyright (c) 1983 by Marcel
Dekker, Inc.)
Keywords: "Erythrocytes, "Ozone, In vitro analysis, Air
pollution, Oxidation, Chemical reactions, Public health,
Exposure, Reprints, "Chemical reaction mechanisms,
"Air pollution effects(Humans), "Dehydrogenase/glu-
cose-phosphate, "Linoleic acid/(methyl-ester)-hydro-
peroxy.
PB85-177863	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Analysis of the Distribution and Dose Response
of Chromosome Aberrations in Human Lympho-
cytes after In vitro Exposure to (137) Cesium
Gamma Radiation. Journal article,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
N. A. Doggett, and W. H. McKenzie. c1983, 21 p EPA/
600/J-83/287
Grant EPA-R-805739
Pub. in Radiation and Environmental Biophysics 22, n1
p33-51 1983.
The chromosome aberration yield for human lympho-
cytes exposed in vitro to various doses of (137)
Cesium has been studied. Dicentric, total acentric, and
excess acentric data were seen to follow a Poisson
distribution. Calculated total hits demonstrated over-
dispersion which could possibly be accounted for by a
greater occurrence of single-hit phenomena being re-
paired than two-hit exchange processes, The resulting
distribution generally contained an under-representa-
tion of cells with odd numbers of hits and an over-rep-
resentation of zero- and even-hit classes as compared
with Poisson predicted values. A possible use of scor-
ing 'normal' cells for purposes of biological dosimetry
is presented.
Keywords: "In vitro analysis, "Cesium 137, "Chromo-
somes, "Gamma rays, "Lymphocytes, "Environmental
surveys, Dosage, Exposure, Dosimetry, Comparison,
Humans, Poisson density functions, Reprints.
PB85-178309/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Center, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Evaluation of Methods Used for the Determina-
tion of Acidity in 'Acid Rain' Samples,
National Bureau of Standards (NML), Gaithersburg,
MD. Center for Analytical Chemistry.
G. Marinenko, and W. F. Koch. Mar 85,19p NBSIR-
85/3114
Sponsored by Environmental Research Center, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Five methods for the determination of acidity of acid
solutions of low concentration (down to .00001 mol/
kg) were investigated. Four of the methods provide
satisfactory results. Method (3), Gran's plot end-point
detection using .001 m NaOH titrant, suffers from the
inability to control exactly the size of reagent incre-
ments, which is essential for this method. Automated
titration systems could remedy this deficiency.
Keywords: "Acidity, "Volumetric analysis, "Air pollu-
tion, Automation, Performance evaluation, pH, Sam-
ples, Ions, "Acid rain, Closed loop systems.
PB85-178424/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Southeast Chicago Air Quality: A Plan for the
Evaluation of PCBs (Polychlorinated biphenyls).
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Air Pollution Control.
Feb 85,124p IEPA/APC/85-003
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are highly toxic
agents which have been shown to cause harmful af-
fects in numerous animal species, including man.
PCBs have been used and manufactured in Europe,
Japan, the Soviet Union, and the United States. The
characteristics that cause PCBs to have broad indus-
trial uses also make their safe disposal very difficult.
The environmentally preferred option for disposing of
PCB containing wastes is incineration. At the present
time, three non-mobile incinerators have been ap-
proved by the USEPA for burning PCBs in the United
States. Based in large part on the results of stack tests
from five trial burns conducted in October of 1982, the
USEPA and Illinois EPA approved permits to incinerate
liquid and non-liquid PCB wastes at the Chicago facili-
ty. The Illinois IEPA will be conducting a four month
field monitoring program to sample and analyze PCBs
in the atmosphere around the SCA incinerator to fur-
ther assess the environmental impact of the inciner-
ation of PCBs. This document presents the overall
plan for this project.
Keywords: "Incinerators, "Air pollution, "Solid waste
disposal, "Environmental impacts. Lake Calumet, Illi-
nois, Sampling, Risk, Sites, Monitors, Calibrating,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Tables(Data),
Quality assurance, "Polychlorinated biphenyls, "Liquid
waste disposal, "Air pollution sampling, "Air pollution
detection, "Air quality, Chicago(lllinois), Toxic sub-
stances.
PB85-178473/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects of Land Treatment: Toxlcological.
Research rept.,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
N. E. Kowal. Jan 85, 53p EPA/600/1 -84/030
The potential health effects arising from the land treat-
ment of wastewater are examined, and an appraisal of
these effects made. The agents, or pollutants, of con-
cern from a health effects viewpoint are divided into
the categories of pathogens and toxic substances.
Only the latter are considered in this volume, the
former having been discussed in a previous volume.
The toxic substances include organics, trace ele-
ments, nitrate and sodium. These agents form the
basis of the main sections of this report. For each
agent of concern the types and levels commonly found
in municipal wastewater and the efficiency of preappii-
cation treatment (usually stabilization pond) are briefly
reviewed. A discussion of the levels, behavior, and sur-
vival of the agent in the medium or route of potential
human exposure, i.e., aerosols, surface soil and
plants, subsurface soil and groundwater, and animals,
follows as appropriate. Finally, conclusions and re-
search needs are presented.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Water pollution control,
"Waste water, Organic compounds, Trace elements!
Sodium, Inorganic nitrates. Soil analysis, Ground
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
health, Laboratory animals, "Land disposal, 'Toxic
substances, Municipal wastes.
PB85-179752/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Effect of Methanol on Evaporative Canister Char-
coal Capacity (Draft). Final rept. Feb-Aug 84,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
M. A. Warner-Selph. Jan 85, 41p EPA/460/3-83/014
Contract EPA-68-03-3162
Evaporative emissions from gasoline vehicles are con-
trolled by the use of charcoal canisters. The Sealed
Housing for Evaporative Determinations (SHED) test
was developed to measure vehicle evaporative emis-
sions. This test is used to confirm canister effective-
ness in controlling evaporative emissions during simu-
lated vehicle operation. A study conducted by the De-
partment of Energy in 1980(1) with 10 percent metha-
nol in gasoline raised concerns over whether methanol
in gasoline reduces canister effectiveness. The pur-
pose of this program was to design a laboratory
bench-scale apparatus for evaluating the effects of a
methanol-hydrocarbon blend on charcoal from evapo-
rative emissions canisters.
Keywords: "Methyl alcohol, "Air pollution control
equipment, 'Containers, Blends, Gasoline, Perform-
ance evaluation, Evaporation, "Gasohol, 'Fugitive
emissions, 'Charcoal canisters.
PB8S-180297/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Composition and Management of Used Oil Gener-
ated In the United States,
Franklin Associates Ltd., Prairie Village, KS.
W. L. Bider. Nov 85,172p* EPA/530/SW-013
Contracts EPA-6802-3173, EPA-6801 -6467
The report summarizes information acquired by the
EPA over the period of 1981-1984, Analytical results
from over 1000 samples of various types of used oils
are presented, and grouped by where the samples
came from as well as the recycling method employed.
Estimates are also presented concerning the number
of facilities generating and processing used oil, as well
as the amounts of used oil generated and managed in
various ways.
Keywords: 'Chemical composition, "Oils, 'Wastes,
•Hazardous materials, Pollution, Management, Materi-
als recovery, Marketing, Lubricating oils, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Refining, Energy, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), United States, Sampling,
Metals, "Oil wastes, 'Fuel management, 'Waste utili-
zation, Waste processing, Liquid waste disposal,
Waste recycling, Heavy metals.
PB85-180438/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
National Small Quantity Hazardous Waste Genera-
tor Survey. Final rept. Jan 83-Oct 84,
Abt Associates, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
E. Ruder, R. Wells, M. Battaglia, and R. Anderson. Feb
85, 170p EPA/530/SW-85/004
Contract EPA/68-01 -6892
This report summarizes the results of a two-year, na-
tionwide survey of small quantity generators of hazard-
ous waste (i.e. establishments that produce less than
1,000 kilograms of hazardous waste per calendar
month.) The report includes general information on:
the number and types of small quantity generators; the
types and quantities of waste they generate; and the
ways in which the wastes are handled. The report also
contains waste characterization and management pro-
files of 22 principal industries containing small quantity
generators.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Surveys, *Stand-
ards, "Generators, Management planning. Regula-
tions, Industrial wastes, Licenses, Tables(Data), Na-
tional government, "Solid wastes, "Small quantity gen-
erators, "Very small quantity generators, "Waste man-
agement, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Municipal wastes, Waste recycling, Waste utilization,
SIC codes.
PB85-180479/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Integration of Building and Energy Technology
with On-Site Waste Management in the Year 2000.
Final rept. Oct 79-Sep 80,
Urban Systems Research and Engineering, Inc., Cam-
bridge, MA.
P. L. Deese, L. Heschong, and W. Fuller. Mar 85,
174p* EPA/600/2-85/017
Contract EPA-68-03-2893
During this study the potential feasibility of integrating
waste management, water supply and on-site energy
generation was examined with the objective of improv-
ing the objective of improving the overall resource effi-
ciency of the typical residential unit. This report can be
used by members of the various research and devel-
opment communities to gain understanding of other
fields and is meant to foster the appreciation of the
interrelationships between residential utility systems.
Keywords: "Residential buildings, Efficiency, Water
supply, Energy, Resources, Solar energy, Waste dis-
posal, "Waste management, 'Energy conservation,
Building systems, Power generation.
PB85-180S4S/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Div.
Review of Current RBC (Rotating Biological Con-
tactor) Performance and Design Procedures. Final
rept. Sep 79-Aug 84,
Weston (Roy F.), Houston, TX.
R. F. Weston. Mar 85,202p EPA/600/2-85/033
Contracts EPA-68-03-2775, EPA-68-03-3019
See also PB84-199561.
The rapid emergence of rotating biological contactor
(RBC) technology as an alternative secondary
wastewater treatment process has increased the need
to review their performance history to provide informa-
tion to the design engineer. This study, to review and
compare current design procedures with field perform-
ance, was accomplished by a review of the literature;
evaluation of process theory and system characteris-
tics; field survey of plants at or near design flows for
process and equipment performance, O&M require-
ments, and power requirements; and a comparison of
design expectations with empirical performance.
Equipment performance, centering on shaft failures
and media deterioration, was found to be a problem.
Process performance was hampered due to oxygen
limitation primarily in the first stage, due to organic
overloading. For the range of conditions found at the
plants surveyed, process performance did not meet
design predictions for percent BOD removal or mass
BOD removal.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, Design criteria, Per-
formance evaluation, Surveys, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Mathematical models, Fuel consumption,
Field tests, Equipment, "Rotating biological contac-
tors, "Municipal wastes.
PB85-180693/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Progress in the Prevention and Control of Air Pol-
lution in 1983,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Control Programs Development Div.
W. F. Hamilton. Feb 85,69p EPA/450/2-85/002
See also PB84-202712.
The report addressed the progress made in the pre-
vention and control of air pollution in 1983. It covers
the areas of air quality trends and monitoring, develop-
ment of air quality criteria and standards, the status of
State Implementation Plans, the control of stationary
and mobile source emissions, enforcement, and litiga-
tion. The report is the annual report of the Administra-
tor of EPA to the Congress in compliance with Sec-
tions 313, 202(b)(4), and 306 of the Clean Air Act, as
amended.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, Standards, Trends,
Exhaust emissions, Industrial wastes, Law enforce-
ment, State government, Combustion products, Public
health, Regulations, Mathematical models, "Air pollu-
tion abatement. "Air quality, State Implementation
Plans, Stationary sources, Clean Air Act.
PB85-180842/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Demonstration Test of Refuse-Derived Fuel as a
Supplemental Fuel In Cement Kilns,
Maryland Dept. of Natural Resources, Annapolis.
C. R. Willey, and C. S. Weinberger. Apr 85, 75p EPA/
600/2-85/032
Grant EPA-R-805613
Prepared in cooperation with Teledyne National, Cock-
eysville, MD.
Fluff refuse-derived fuel (RDF) from Baltimore County,
Maryland, residential solid waste was successfully
tested as a supplementary fuel with pulverized coal in
a large rotary cement kiln. RDF was produced at the
Baltimore County Resource Recovery Facility, a joint
project of Baltimore County and the State's Maryland
Environmental Service. Tests were conducted by Tele-
dyne National in cooperation with the Lehigh Portland
Cement Company. A total of 1400 tons of RDF was
burned in a 700 ton-per-day kiln, contributing an aver-
age of 30 percent of the kiln heat. There were four
days of initial testing followed by a 27-day extended
test of which 20 days involved burning RDF. Cement
quality and chemistry, RDF characteristics and air
emissions were determined.
Keywords: Kilns, Supplements, Tests, "Refuse derived
fuels, Cement kilns, Supplemental fuels.
PB85-180859/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab,
Combined Sewer Overflow Sediment Transport
Model: Documentation and Evaluation. Final rept.
Sep 79-Aug 82,
Sutron Corp., Fairfax, VA.
T. N. Keefer, and E. S. Clyde. Mar 85, 232p EPA/600/
2-85/024
Contract EPA-68-03-2869
A modeling package for studying the movement and
fate of combined sewer overflow (CSO) sediment in re-
ceiving waters is described. The package contains a
linear, implicit, finite-difference flow model and an ex-
plicit, finite-difference sediment transport model. The
sediment model is coupled to the flow model by means
of a file containing velocity, depth, and discharge at
each model cross-section at each time step. The oper-
ation and utility of the model package were tested
using data from a 20-km reach of the Scioto River
below the Whittier Street outfall in Columbus, Ohio. A
preliminary field investigation of the study reached in
July 1980 collected sufficient data to partially calibrate
the flow model.
Keywords: 'Combined sewers, "Overflows, "Sediment
transport, "Water pollution, 'Scioto River, Mathemati-
cal models, Flow rate, Routing, Accuracy, Flow chart-
ing, Computer programs, Particle size, Sediments,
Ohio, Columbus(Ohio), FLOWMOD computer pro-
gram.
PB85-180867/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Coal-Fired Industrial Boiler Inspection Guide. Final
rept.,
PEDCo-Environmehtal, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
W. E. Gallagher, G. A. Isaacs, T. C. Ponder, and R. A.
Ressl. Jan 84,218p REPT-3560-3-9, EPA/340/1 -83-
025
Contract EPA-68-O1-6310
This document provides guidance for evaluating the
performance of coal-fired industrial boilers relative to a
pollution control agency's particulate air pollution con-
trol rules and regulations. The guidance and checklists
in this document enable an air pollution control agency
inspector to check a boiler operation quickly ana effi-
ciently. A thorough description of stoker-fired and pul-
verized coal-fired industrial boilers helps prepare the
inspector for the field inspection. Pollution control
equipment typically used on industrial boilers (multicy-
clones, fabric filters, electrostatic precipitators, and
scrubbers) is described as well as common problems
and possible solutions that influence the operation and
maintenance of these devices. Baseline data for a
boiler and its pollution control equipment normally are
established during a compliance stack test. Informa-
tion contained in this report shows the agency inspec-
tor how to compare current boiler operations to the
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
baseline data for a compliance determination. This is
particularly useful when a clearly defined cause-and-
effect relationship cannot be established for a given
source.
Keywords: 'Guidelines, "Air pollution control equip-
ment, "Boilers, "Inspection, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Steam, Space heating. Electric
power plants, Particles, Regulations, Scrubbers, Main-
tenance, Cyclone separators, Coal fired power plants,
Fabric filters, Electrostatic precipitators.
PB85-180875/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Performance Evaluation Guide for Large Flow
Ventilation Systems. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
W. Kemner, R. W. Gerstle, and Y. M. Shah. May 84,
149p REPT-3760-1 -119, EPA/340/1 -84/012
Air pollution control systems in the primary metals in-
dustry, particularly the steel and copper segments, rely
on large capture and ventilation systems with flow
rates commonly in the range of 50,000 to 1,000,000
acfm and greater. These systems are used primarily to
control process fugitive emissions from various fur-
naces and for building evacuation. Because these sys-
tems are in integral feature of the compliance pro-
grams of the industries involved, this manual was initi-
ated to accomplish the following: To provide design
and operation and maintenance guidelines to state
and local agency personnel who evaluate the perform-
ance of these systems. To provide a comprehensive
treatment of the existing literature with regard to tech-
nical and specific aspects of typical designs. To pro-
vide an easy-to-read technical manual on design and
operation for the use of inspectors.
Keywords: "Ventilation, Performance evaluation, In-
structions, Air pollution control equipment. Inspection,
Maintenance, Operations, Flow rate, Fans, Ducts,
Design, Metal industry, Emission, Metallurgical fur-
naces, Copper industry, Steel industry, Hoods.
PB85-180883/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
National Workshop on Radioactivity in Drinking
Water: Committee Issue Papers.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Mar 85, 454p EPA/570/9-85/002
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The proceedings of the National Workshop on Radio-
activity in Drinking Water contain several Committee
Issue Papers. They are: (1) Regulatory Development
pf The Interim and Revised Regulations for Radioactiv-
ity in Drinking Water - Past and Present Issues and
Problems; (2) Regulatory Consideration in Radiation
Protection; (3) Health Effects and Risks from Radon-
222 in Drinking Water; (4) The Occurrence of Radioac-
tivity in Public Water Supplies in The United States; (5)
Metabolism of Ingested Uranium and Radium; (6)
Cancer Risk from the Lifetime Intake of Radium and
Uranium Isotopes; and (7) Compliance and Policy
Issues and Recommendations Related to Revision of
the National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regula-
tions for Radionuclides. These papers were offered to
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in the form
of recommendations.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Radioactivity, "Meetings,
Regulations, Radiation protection, Radiation hazards,
Radiation effects, Water supplies, Radioactive con-
taminants, Malignant neoplasms, Metabolism, Urani-
um, Radium, Policies, Recommendations, Radon 222,
Proceedings, Cancer, Health hazards.
PB85-1&1071/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
State-of-the Art of Aquifer Restoration. Volume 1.
Sections 1 through 8. Final rept. 1979-84,
National Center for Ground Water Research, Norman,
OK.
R. C. Knox, L. W. Canter, D. F. Kincannon, E. L. Stover,
and C. H. Ward. Nov 84, 399p EPA/600/2-84/182A
See also PB85-181089.
This two-volume report presents a summary of the
state-of-the-art of aquifer restoration. Included are
eight sections and seven appendices. The text in-
cludes sections on: (1) ground water pollution control
through institutional measures, source control, stabili-
zation/solidification methods, well systems, intercep-
tor systems, capping and liners, sheet piling, grouting
and slurry walls; (2) treatment of ground water via air
stripping, carbon adsorption, biological treatment,
chemical precipitation, and other treatment tech-
niques; (3) in-situ chemical treatment and biological
stabilization; (4) a protocol for aquifer restoration deci-
sion-making; and (5) techniques for aiding the deci-
sion-making process.
Keywords: "Aquifers, "Ground water, "Water pollution
control, "Reviews, Sources, Stabilization, Pile struc-
tures, Grouts, Walls, Linings, Slurries, Water treat-
ment, Decontamination, Activated carbon,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Chemical removal(Sewage
treatment), Decision making, Waste treatment. Micro-
organism control(Sewage), Restoring, "Air stripping,
Clean up.
PB85-181089/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
State-of-the-Art of Aquifer Restoration. Volume 2.
Appendices A through G. Final rept. 1979-84,
National Center for Ground Water Research, Norman,
OK.
R. C. Knox, L. W. Canter, D. F. Kincannon, E. L. Stover,
and C. H. Ward. Nov 84, 401 p EPA/600/2-84/182B
See also PB85-181071.
This two-volume report presents a summary of the
state-of-the-art of aquifer restoration. Included are
eight sections and seven appendices. The text in-
cludes sections on: (1) ground water pollution control
through institutional measures, source control, stabili-
zation/solidification methods, well systems, intercep-
tor systems, capping and liners, sheet piling, grouting
and slurry walls; (2) treatment of ground water via air
stripping, carbon adsorption, biological treatment,
chemical precipitation, and other treatment tech-
niques; (3) in-situ chemical treatment and biological
stabilization; (4) a protocol for aquifer restoration deci-
sion-making; and (5) techniques for aiding the deci-
sion-making process. The appendices (volume II) in-
clude: (1) case studies of aquifer restoration; (2) con-
siderations regarding an aquifer restoration informa-
tion center; (3) information for public participation in
aquifer restoration decision-making; and (4) an anno-
tated bibliography of 225 selected references. The
state-of-the-art of aquifer restoration is a rapidly
changing technology, with many uses of single or com-
bined techniques in planning or recently implemented.
Keywords: "Aquifers, "Ground water, "Water pollution
control, "Reviews, Sources, Stabilization, Pile struc-
tures, Grouts, Citizen participation, Slurries, Water
treatment, Decontamination, Activated carbon,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Chemical removal(Sewage
treatment), Decision making, Waste treatment, Micro-
organism control(Sewage), Restoring, "Air stripping,
Clean up.
PB85-181097/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity Assessment of
1,3-Butadiene. Review Draft.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Feb 85,106p EPA/600/8-85/004A
The Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity Assessment of
1,3-Butadiene was prepared to serve as a source doc-
ument for Agency-wide use. In the development of this
assessment document, the scientific literature has
been inventoried, key studies have been evaluated,
and the summary and conclusions have been pre-
pared so that the mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and re-
lated characteristics of 1,3-butadiene are qualitatively
identified. Measures of dose-response relationships
relevant to ambient exposures are also discussed so
that the adverse health responses are placed in per-
spective with possible exposure levels.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Industrial medi-
cine, "Mutagens, "Rubber industry, Exposure, Toxicity,
Inspection, Hazardous materials, Butadienes, Assess-
ments, Dosage, Bacteria, In vivo analysis, Styrene bu-
tadiene resins, Air pollution, Chemical analysis, "Buta-
diene, "Toxic substances, "Occupational safety and
health, "Indoor air pollution, Salmonella typhimurium.
PB85-181105/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Proceedings: EPA'S (Environmental Protection
Agencies) Industry Briefing on the Organic-Acid-
Enhanced Limestone FGD (Flue Gas Desulfuriza-
tion) Process Held at San Antonio, Texas on July
19, 1984,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. D. Mobley. Mar 85,156p EPA/600/9/85/009
See also PB82-231853.
The proceedings document presentations made
during an EPA-sponsored industry briefing, July 19,
1984, in San Antonio, TX. The briefing dealt with the
status of EPA's research activities on the organic-acid-
enhanced limestone flue gas desulfurization (FGD)
process. Subjects covered included: (1) a technical
and economic evaluation of organic acid addition to
the San Miguel FGD system-results of parametric
tests and the utility's perspective, (2) results of the first
2 years of commercial operation of an organic-acid-en-
hanced FGD system, (3) economics of retrofitting Big
Rivers Electric Corporation's lime-based FGD system
to organic-acid-enhanced limestone operations, and
(4) an economic evaluation of limestone and lime FGD
processes for new systems. The briefing provided
users, architects, engineers, vendors, consultants, and
government personnel with a comprehensive assess-
ment of this innovative technology for controlling S02
emissions.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Meet-
ings, "Organic acids, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Economic analysis, Calcium oxides, Sulfur
dioxide, Flue gases, Operating costs, Electric power
plants, Assessments, * Limestone scrubbing, Flue gas
desulfurization.
PB85-181139/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Review of New Source Performance Standards
for Ammonium Sulfate Manufacture.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Feb 85,58p EPA/450/3-85/004
This report presents the findings of the 4-year review
of the new source performance standards for ammoni-
um sulfate manufacture. Affected facilities are those
dryers at plants that manufacture ammonium sulfate
as a caprolactam by-product, as a coke over by-prod-
uct, or by synthetic manufacture (direct combination of
ammonia and sulfuric acid).
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Ammonium sulfate,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Reviews,
Standards, Caprolactam, Coking, "New source per-
formance standards.
PB85-181840/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
S02 Concentration Estimates for New York City,
1880-1980. Final rept.,
Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO. Center for Air Pollu-
tion Impact and Trend Analysis.
R. B. Husar, and D. E. Patterson. Apr 85, 36p EPA/
600/3-85/024
Contract EPA-68-02-3746
The purpose of this investigation was to estimate the
yearly ambient concentration of S02 and S04 wet
deposition from 1880 to 1980 for the greater New York
City area. This information was used to reconstruct
ambient concentrations at two New York Veterans Ad-
ministration cemeteries, Cypress Hills and Long Island,
for studying marble deterioration. This study which in-
volved a determination of marble loss rate as a func-
tion of S02 concentrations is the subject of another
report. The methodology for developing the retrospec-
tive model to estimate yearly ambient concentrations
since the turn of the century for the greater New York
City area is presented in this report. The retrospective
estimation of sulfur concentration and deposition re-
quired estimation of both local and regional emission
trends since the turn of the century, along with suitable
choice of a local and a regional dispersion model to
relate emissions to ambient concentrations and depo-
sition, The retrospective estimates are compared to
observed S02 concentrations. It needs no elaboration
that the estimation of local and regional emissions per-
tinent to a given receptor, the quantification of the
local and regional contributions to S02 and to the wet
deposition, and reconciliation with existing observa-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tions is a formidable task. Lacking data for the histori-
cal trends, many of the assumptions are based on
'best available science', and they should be revised
with the availability of new knowledge.
Keywords: "Sulfur dioxide, "Air pollution, "Materials
tests,	"Deterioration,	"Marble,
Concentration(Composition), New York, Trends, Com-
parison, Cemeteries, "New York City(New York). "Air
pollution effects(Materials), Wet deposition.
PB85-181857/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Haze Over Eastern North America. Part 1. Haze
Properties,
Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO. Center for Air Pollu-
tion Impact and Trend Analysis.
R. B. Husar. Apr 85,49p EPA/600/3-85/023
Grant EPA-R-810351
The fundamental properties of atmospheric aerosols
pertinent to atmospheric optics are the size, shape,
and refractive index for the entire aerosol population at
a given point. Once these properties are established,
their interaction with visible radiation can be calculat-
ed, and the relevant optical properties can be meas-
ured. The most important properties are the concen-
tration and size distribution of particles within the accu-
mulation mode of 0.1 to 1.0mm in diameter. The chem-
ical composition of the aerosol population has a weak
influence on optical properties through changing the
refractive index, but it is vital for the identification of the
origin of the light scattering aerosol. This report re-
views the properties of aerosols relevant to their opti-
cal behavior. Regulations in these properties suggest
that relatively simple parameterizations can be devel-
oped which will relate optical properties to aerosol
mass. These relationships can then be used with aero-
sol models to predict visibility and with optical meas-
urements to infer aerosol mass.
Keywords: "Haze, "Optical properties, "Aerosols,
"Visibility, Chemical properties, Physical properties,
Urban areas, Particle size, Refractivity, Light scatter-
ing, Air pollution, "Eastern Region(United States), "Air
quality.
PB85-181865/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environment Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Analysis of Aldehydes and Ketones In the Gas
Phase. Final rept. Oct 82-Sep 84,
Union Coll., Schenectady, NY.
L. A. Hull. Apr 85, 73p EPA/600/3-85/021
The development and testing of a 2,4-dinitrophenylhy-
drazine-acetonitrile (DNPH-ACN) method for the anal-
ysis of aldehydes and ketones in ambient air are de-
scribed. A discussion of interferences, preparation of
calibration standards, analytical testing, fluorescence
methods and cartridge sampling are discussed. The
results of atmospheric sampling in an urban area and
atmospheric and cloudwater sampling in a rural area
are included.
Keywords: "Aldehydes, "Ketones, 'Chemical analysis,
"Acetonitrile, Vapor phases, Sampling, Standards, Flu-
orescence, Urban areas, Rural areas, Air pollution,
Gas analysis, "Air pollution detection, "Hydrazine/dini-
trophenyl, Air pollution sampling.
PB85-181881/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Research
Program Guide, FY-1985, October 1,1984-Septem-
ber 30, 1985.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Oct 84, 75p EPA/600/9-84/024
See also PB84-142900.
The descriptions contained in this research program
guide for FY'85 are organized by medium such as air,
water, or hazardous waste. Each description is a broad
summary of the research being done, where that re-
search is being done, who to contact for more informa-
tion about the program, and both the approximate total
funding for that area and the percentage of total fund-
ing which is reserved by EPA for in-house research.
Funding not reserved for in-house research is spent
through extramural contracts, grants and cooperative
agreements.
Keywords: "Research projects, "Environmental sur-
veys, Air pollution, Hazardous materials, Water pollu-
tion, Industrial wastes, Pesticides, Oxidizers, Potable
water, Sewage, Assessments, Radioactive contami-
nants, Exhaust emissions, Superfund program, Toxic
substances.
PB85-182970/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Test Methods for Determining the Chemical
Waste Compatibility of Synthetic Liners,
Little (Arthur D ), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
J. Tratnyek, P. Costas, and W. Lyman. Apr 85,108p
EPA/600/2-85/029
Contract EPA-68-01-6160
A search was made for test methods for the chemical
resistance of membrane liners (geomembranes). Dis-
closed methods and procedures were examined and
compared. Two tests being promoted for general ac-
ceptance are NSF Standard No. 54 (a voluntary indus-
try-generated test) and the proposed EPA Test
Method 9090. Several other tests developed by liner
manufacturers and researchers were found, as well as
those methods generally applied to pipes, bottles, film,
plastics, rubber sheeting and the like. Although details
of tests vary, all are laboratory tests in which selected
physical properties of the membrane are compared
and evaluated after contact with the liquid for specified
periods of time. All are tedious, time-consuming, and
potentially costly. Useful data for product specification
and application are derived from these tests, but none
adequately addresses all issues and questions raised,
especially with regard to liner life-time prediction. Nor
is any one test universally accepted for use. A combi-
nation of compatibility tests (e.g., immersion, stress-
crack, and permeation) may be necessary to fully char-
acterize chemical resistance in specific cases. A supe-
rior test (s) based on a comprehensive understanding
of liner compatibility remains to be developed.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Linings, "Polymers,
"Chemical resistance, 'Materials tests, Standards,
Field tests, Performance evaluation, Assessments.
Membranes, Earth fills, Industrial wastes, Elastomers,
Plastics, Leaching, "Land disposal, "Liquid waste dis-
posal.
PB85-183002/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protecton Agency, Washington, DC.
Legal and Administrative Impediments to the
Conduct of Epidemiologic Research. Final rept.
Technical Resources, Inc., Bethesda, MD.
Dec 84, 57p
Contract EPA-68-02-3775
Sponsored by Public Health Service, Washington, DC.
This report was sponsored in response to concerns
expressed in the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Annual Re-
ports of the Task Force on Environmental Cancer and
Heart and Lung Disease. The Annual Reports recom-
mended that legal impediments to the conduct of both
Federal and non-Federal epidemiologic research be
studied. To determine whether significant modifica-
tions or relaxation of impediments to epidemiologic re-
search have occurred since 1981, an assessment of
the current situation was undertaken. Contents: Impor-
tance of epidemiologic research to current public
health status; Legal and administrative impediments to
efficient and cost-effectivs conduct of epidemiologic
research projects; Impact of legal and administrative
impediments; Existing information collected on individ-
uals by federal agencies; Importance of record linkage
in conducting epidemiologic research; Implementation
difficulties; Current activities in linking and improving
access to federal information; Quantification of the
costs of legal impediments; Proposals to improve the
conduct of epidemiologic research.
Keywords: "Epidemiology, 'Medical records, Re-
search, Legislation, Interviews, Barriers, Evaluation,
Medical research, Confidentiality, Information process-
ing, Administration, Heart diseases, Lung diseases,
Environmental health. Cancer. Data access.
PB85-183044/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Co-Firing of Solid Wastes and Coal at Ames: Pul-
verized Coal,
Ames, IA.
A. W. Joensen, J. L. Hall, J. C. Even, D. Van Meter, and
P. Gheresus. Mar 85,351p* EPA/600/2-85/031
Grant EPA-R-803903
Prepared in cooperation with Iowa State Univ., Ames.
Engineering Research Inst., and Midwest Research
Inst., Kansas City, MO.
This report presents an evaluation of the Ames Solid
Waste Recovery System through the third full year of
its operation (1978). This evaluation includes the oper-
ating experience and economics of the refuse proc-
essing plant, the characterization of the various materi-
al flow streams within the refuse processing plant, and
the thermodynamic and mechanical performance and
the environmental emissions of the 35 MW suspension
fired steam generator modified by a dumpgrate instal-
lation.
Keywords: Refuse, Thermal power plants, Fuels, Eval-
uation, Economic analysis, Electric power plants. Solid
waste disposal, Refuse disposal, 'Waste processing,
Solid wastes, "Refuse-fueled boiler, Refuse derived
fuels, Ames(lowa).
PB85-183051/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Motor Vehicle NOx Inventories. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
A. J. Brochu, and D. S. Rothman. Mar 85,75p EPA/
AA/SDSB-85/03
This report, presents a comparison of three methods
of computing vehicle miles traveled (VMT) breakdown
by vehicle class for urban areas. The report describes
the three approaches-Nationwide Urban, National
Emissions Data System (NEDS), and Localized-and
presents results based on each. The analysis revealed
that the NEDS approach tends to overestimate the
Heavy-duty diesel vehicle (HDDV) fraction of VMT in
urban areas. Local data were available for only a limit-
ed number of cities being modelled and, in some, the
same problems that existed with the NEDS methodol-
ogy were uncovered. The average of the available
local VMT breakdowns that appeared accurate was
very close to that obtained using the Nationwide Urban
approach. Therefore, the report concludes that the Na-
tionwide Urban approach should be used to compute
the urban VMT breakdown needed for urban emission
projections.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air
pollution, Urban areas, Mathematical models, Motor
vehicles, Forecasting, Comparison, 'Air quality, Emis-
sion inventories, Emission factors, Heavy duty vehi-
cles, Baseline measurements, Diesel engine exhaust.
PB85-18308S/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Exposure Assessment for Asbestos - Contaminat-
ed Vermlcullte. Final rept.,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
G. H. Dixon, J. Doria, J. R. Freed, P. Wood, and I. May.
Feb 85,110p EPA/560/5-85/013
Contracts EPA-68-01-6271, EPA-68-02-3968
This document is an exposure assessment for asbes-
tos-contaminated vermiculite. Such exposure is found
to occur mainly via Inhalation: ingestion and dermal ad-
sorption are insignificant routes of exposure. Vermicu-
lite is released to the air during mining, milling, exfolia-
tion, transport, and use. These operations may also re-
lease some asbestos fibers, which are readily trans-
ported through the atmosphere.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Industrial hygiene, 'Environ-
mental surveys, 'Vermiculite, "Public health, Expo-
sure, Assessments, Air pollution, Mining, Transport
properties, Dosage, Toxicity, Mineralogy, "Indoor air
pollution, 'Occupational safety and health, 'Air pollu-
tion sampling, 'Toxic substances, Path of pollutants,
Consumer products, Point sources.
PB85-183093/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Durability of Oxygen Sensors. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
L. Snapp. Mar 85,19p EPA/AA/SDSB-85/4
This report describes the results of dynamometer and
vehicle durability testing from a variety of sources, as
well as common causes of failures for oxygen sensors.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The data indicates that oxygen sensors show low fail-
ure rates, even at mileages of 80,000 miles and
beyond.
Keywords: * Air pollution control, 'Catalysts, "Exhaust
emissions, Gasoline engines, Motor vehicles, Perform-
ance evaluation, "Oxygen sensors, "Catalytic
reactors(Exhaust systems).
PB85-183994/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water Planning Div.
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program. Urban Runoff
Control in Rapid City, South Dakota: Appendix A.
Final rept. 1978-83,
Black Hills Council of Governments, Rapid City, SD.
L. Harms, M. Smith, and K. Goddard. Sep 83, 293p
Contract EPA-P-008291-01-0
See also PB85-102366. Prepared in cooperation with
South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid
City, SD. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
This document includes a description and collation of
data obtained during the investigation of precipitation
runoff and it's effects on Rapid Creek in Rapid Creek
South Dakota. Information on quality assurance/con-
trol is also included.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Water pollution, "Rapid Creek,
"Urban areas, Watersheds, Stream flow, Meteorologi-
cal data, Snowmelt, Sediment transport, Volume, Civil
engineering, Tables(Data), "Storm water runoff,
"Rapid City(South Dakota), Unit hydrographs, Water
quality data.
PB85-184349/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Master Plan for Improving Water Quality in the
Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL Region
Jan 85, 96p EPA/905/9-84/003C
Prepared in cooperation with JRB Associates, Inc., Ar-
lington, VA.
The Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal
(GCR/IHC) drains a narrow, heavily industrialized wa-
tershed area of northwest Indiana, at the southern tip
of Lake Michigan. Water quality and aquatic habitat
problems in the GCR/IHC have been a matter of public
concern for more than a decade. These problems are
reflected in high concentrations of conventional, and
toxic pollutants in the river sediments and overlying
water column, and in sharply reduced levels of biologi-
cal activity. The Master Plan report includes a discus-
sion of existing environmental problems and pollutant
sources, a presentation of existing water quality con-
trol programs, and recommendations for improving
water quality and aquatic habitat conditions in the
GCR/IHC.
Keywords: "Ecology, "Water pollution control, "Grand
Calumet River, Toxicity, Waste water, Sediments, Rec-
ommendations, "Indiana Harbor Canal, Habitats.
PB85-184398/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Occupational Exposure to Ionizing Radiation In
the United States: A Comprehensive Review for
the Year 1980 and a Summary of Trends for the
Years 1960-1985,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
S. Kumazawa, D. R. Nelson, and A. C. B. Richardson.
Sep 84, 252p EPA/520/1-84/005
See also PB81-172421.
The number of workers exposed to ionizing radiation
has increased significantly since Federal radiation pro-
tection guidance for occupational exposure was first
issued in 1960. This report is the second of its kind; it
provides a comprehensive review of exposure of work-
ers for the year 1900 and a summary overview of
trends for the period 1960-1985.
Keywords: "Ionizing radiation, "Industrial medicine,
United States, Exposure, Personnel, "Occupational
safety and health, Environmental health.
PB85-184919	Not available NTIS
Injury Response of 'Phaseolus vulgaris' to Ozone
Flux Density. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., DH.
B D. Amiro, A. S. Lefohn, and D. T. Tingey. C1985,4p
EPA/600/J-85/051
322 Vol. 90, No. 24
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v19 n1 p206-208
Jan 85.
The paper by Amiro et al. (1984) provides significant
insight concerning the effect of ozone on plants. Their
data clearly distinguish between the terms air pollutant
exposure (ambient concentration averaged over time)
and air pollutant flux density (amount of pollutant ab-
sorbed by the vegetation).
Keywords: "Ozone, 'Air pollution, 'Plants(Botany),
"Vegetation, Ecology, Exposure, Flux density, Re-
prints, 'Air pollution effects(Plants).
PB85-185197/HSU	CP T05
Photochemical Box Model (PBM). Model-Simulation
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
K. L. Schere. 1 Nov 84, mag tape EPA/600/8-84/
022A, EPA/DF-85/006
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. Call NTIS
Computer Products if you have questions. Price in-
cludes documentation, PB85-137164.
This magnetic tape contains the FORTRAN source
code, sample input data, and sample output data for
the Photochemical Box Model (PBM). The PBM is a
simple stationary single-cell model with a variable
height lid designed to provide volume-integrated hour
averages of 03 and other photochemical smog pollut-
ants of interest for an urban area for a single day of
simulation. The PBM is most appropriate for applica-
tion in air stagnation conditions with light and variable
winds. Horizontal dimensions of the box are typically
on the order of 10-50 km; the vertical dimension may
vary between 0.1 and 2 km. Chemical reactions are
simulated using a 63-step kinetic mechanism that in-
cludes diurnal variation of photolytic rate constants.
The depth of the mixed layer, or depth of the PBM
domain, also follows a diurnal pattern; it can be option-
ally specified as following a non-linear growth curve.
The PBM assumes that emission sources are homoge-
neously distributed across the surface face of the box
volume and that the volume is well mixed at all times.
Atmospheric diffusion and wind shear are neglected.
Software Description: The program is written in the
FORTRAN programming language for implementation
on a UNIVAC1110 computer using the UNIVAC 1100
operating system Level 38R5A. 45K bytes of core stor-
age are required to operate the model.
Keywords: "Models-simulation, "Photochemistry,
"Smog, "Air pollution, Fortran, Urban areas, Chemical
reactions, "Air quality, "Photochemical box models.
PB85-185411/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Dispersion of Airborne Particulates in Surface
Coal Mines: Data Analysis.
TRC Environmental Consultants, Inc., Englewood, CO.
Jan 85,80p EPA/450/4-85/001
Contract EPA-68-02-3514
This report summarizes the results of an effort to
better understand the dispersion and transport of par-
ticulate matter released within surface coal mine pits.
Data previously collected at four surface coal mines
were used in this investigation. This report describes
the analysis and interpretation of those data, examines
the relationship between meteorology and smoke puff
behavior, and compares mine pit escape fraction (that
portion of the dust emitted in the pit that leaves the pit)
with those predicted by existing equations. Two inde-
pendent techniques were used in conjunction with as-
sumed particle size distributions and the onsite data, to
infer values of escape fraction. These values were
then used to determine the predictive ability of two
widely used model algorithms. The report contains nu-
merous tabulations and discusses the relative merits
of each method.
Keywords: 'Coal mines, 'Particles, "Air pollution, Sur-
face mining, Meteorology, Comparison, Particle size
distribution. Mathematical models, "Atmospheric dis-
persion, "Air quality.
PB85-185817/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Development of an Adjustable Buoyancy Balloon
Tracer of Atmospheric Motion. Phase 1. Systems
Design and Demonstration of Feasibility. Interim
rept.,
Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM.
B. D. Zak, H. W. Church, A. L. Jensen, G. T. Gay, and
M. D. Ivey. Apr 85, 164p EPA/600/3-85/027
An Adjustable Buoyancy Balloon Tracer of Atmospher-
ic Motion is a research tool which allows one to follow
atmospheric flows in both the horizontal and the verti-
cal, including the weak, sustained vertical motion as-
sociated with meso- and synoptic- scale atmospheric
disturbances. The design goals for the Balloon Tracer
to be developed here specify a lifetime > or = 3 days,
tracking range > or = 1000 km, a ceiling altitude > or
= 500 mb (5.5 km), and the capability to respond to
mean vertical flows as low as 1 cm/s. The balloon
tracer is also to measure and telemeter selected mete-
orological variables, to be sufficiently inexpensive to
permit use in significant numbers, and to be serviced
by a ground system capable of handling several bal-
loon tracers at a time. While the balloon tracer has ap-
plications throughout the atmospheric sciences, the
immediate motivation for this effort is to meet the need
to evaluate the accuracies of existing air pollution
transport models, to establish source-receptor rela-
tionships to distances of order 1000 km, and to assess
the inherent limits on the predictability of source
impact at long distances. The authors have proposed
a generic design for such a system. They also have
subjected the proposed design to theoretical analysis,
have constructed a prototype, and have conducted a
series of tests with the prototype to evaluate the con-
cept. They conclude, without reservation that a system
meeting the design goals is feasible, and are proceed-
ing to build that system in Phase II of this project.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Transport properties,
"Aerial surveys, "Atmospheric motion, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, Feasibility, Meteorology, As-
sessments, "Tracer techniques.
PB85-185825/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narrangansett, Rl.
Summary of Effects of Partially-Treated Sewage
on Nearshore Environments of Southeastern Flor-
ida,
Dames and Moore, Los Angeles, CA.
D. R. Young. Apr 85, 301 p EPA/600/3-85/020
Grant EPA-R-806307, Contract EPA-68-03-1706
This project consisted of two simultaneous phases.
One phase was the construction and preliminary appli-
cation of a prototype, experimental wastewater treat-
ment seawater aquaria research facility. This facility,
the Sewage Treatment and Bioeffects Laboratory
(STABEL), was designed to replicate, as closely as
possible the wastewater treatment process, the outfall
disposal method, and the surrounding marine environ-
ment found along the southeast coast of Florida. The
other phase was the collection of field data for the es-
tablishment of operating parameters, comparison data
and baseline information, so that a context for the in-
terpretation of experimental results could be devel-
oped. This included the collection of operating param-
eters and data from the largest sewage treatment
plant discharging wastewater to the study area.
Keywords: "Outfall sewers, 'Sewage treatment,
"Ecology, 'Marine biology, "Coasts, Activated sludge
process, Coral, Invertebrates, Prototypes, Marine
fishes, Concentration(Composition), Viruses, Chlorina-
tion, Exposure, Shrimps, Tables(Data), Metals, Nutri-
ents, Toxicity, Florida, 'Primary treatment, Secondary
treatment.
PB85-185833/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
NBS/EPA (National Bureau of Standards/Environ-
mental Protection Agency) Certified Reference
Material Performance Audit Program: Status
Report 1,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC,
R. S. Wright, W. C. Eaton, and C. E. Decker. Apr 85
46p EPA/600/4-85/033
Contract EPA-68-02-3767
A traceability procedure has been established which
allows specialty gas producers to prepare gaseous
pollutant Certified Reference Materials (CRMs), The
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
proach those of NBS Standard Reference Materials
(SRMs). Part of this procedure is an independent qual-
ity assurance audit of each CRM batch by an EPA-co-
ordinated auditor. As of August 1984, 33 candidate
batches had been audited. In general, the agreement
between the producer's analytical results and the audit
results has been within plus or minus 0.5 percent rela-
tive. Additional data suggest that CRMs are stable
during their two-year certification periods.
Keywords: "Standards, "Auditing, "Chemical analysis,
"Environmental surveys, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen
oxide(NO),	Sulfur	dioxide,
Concentration(Composition), Propane, Stability, 'Cer-
tified reference materials.
PB85-185841/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Atmospheric Reaction Products from Hazardous
Air Pollutant Degradation. Final rept. Apr 82-Mar 84,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
C. W. Spicer, R. M. Riggin, M. W. Holdren, F. L.
DeRoos, and R. N. Lee. Apr 85, 88p EPA/600/3-85/
028
Contract EPA-68-02-3169
This research project was undertaken to investigate
the products of selected hazardous air pollutants
(HAPs) as they react in the atmosphere. Many hazard-
ous or potentially hazardous organic compounds are
emitted into the atmosphere and are subject to chemi-
cal change by photolysis, or by reaction with a number
of highly reactive species including free radicals
ozone, and nitrogen oxides. It is important to under-
stand both the fate and the persistence of a HAP in
order to assess its health significance. However, for
many HAPs, the major atmospheric reaction products
have not been identified. The first phase of this study
entailed a literature survey to determine what reaction
product information was available for an initial selec-
tion of 15 target HAPs. In the second phase of the re-
search, a number of the target HAPs were studied in
Battelle's 17.3 cu m smog chamber to determine major
reaction products and to derive an estimate of atmos-
pheric lifetime. Those HAPs examined experimentally
include propylene oxide, epichlorohydrin, toluene, ac-
rylonitrile, trichloroethylene, benzene, p-dichloroben-
zene, aniline, nitrobenzene, chlorobenzene, o-cresol,
and phenol. Following the chamber studies, the third
phase of the research was devoted to development of
field-compatible sampling and analysis methods for
those HAP reaction products which; (1) represent a
potential hazard and (2) for which current methods are
unavailable or unsuitable.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Degradation, *Air
pollution, Photochemistry, Chemical reactions, Experi-
mental design, Sampling, Test chambers, Smog, Pro-
pylene oxide, Epichlorohydrin, Acrylonitrile, Toluene,
Phenol,	Aniline,	Gas	analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Gas chromatography,
Mass spectroscopy, Laboratory equipment, "Atmos-
pheric chemistry, "Chemical reaction mechanisms,
High performance liquid chromatography, Benzene,
Benzene/dichloro, Benzene/nitro, Benzene/chloro,
Cresol, Ethylene/trichloro.
PB85-1858S8/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Development of a Chemical Kinetic Mechanism
for the U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection
Agency) Regional Oxidant Model. Interim rept. Aug
82-Jul 84,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
G. Z. Whitten, R. G. Johnson, and J. P. Killus. Apr 85,
266p EPA/600/3-85/026
Contract EPA-68-02-3738
A new generalized mechanism for use in EPA's Re-
gional Oxidant Model has been developed. The mech-
anism is based on the carbon-bond concept in which
organics are grouped according to the type of carbon
bonding that is found in the various classes of organ-
ics. The mechanism treats biogenic as well as anthro-
pogenic hydrocarbons. The mechanism was tested
against multi-day chamber data collected by the Uni-
versity of California, Riverside and against Isoprene/
NOx data obtained in the outdoor chamber facility of
the University of North Carolina. In addition to a de-
scription of the mechanism, guidance is also given on
how emission data should be partitioned into the vari-
ous organic groupings that are used in the mechanism.
Keywords: "Mathematical models, "Photochemistry,
"Smog, "Reaction kinetics, "Oxidizers, Urban areas,
Test chambers, Experimental design, Transport prop-
erties,	Tables(Data),	Graphs(Charts),
Concentration(Composition), "Chemical reaction
mechanisms, "Expanded carbon bond mechanism,
"Air quality, "Atmospheric chemistry, Computer appli-
cations, Expanded carbon bond mechanism for re-
gional oxidants, Expanded carbon bond mechanism
for urban oxidants.
PB85-185874/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation and Demonstration of Low-NOx
Burner Systems for TEOR (Thermally Enhanced
Oil Recovery) Steam Generators: Final Report -
Field Evaluation of Commercial Prototype Burner.
Rept. for Sep 81 -Nov 84,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
G. England, Y. Kwan, and R. Payne. Mar 85,178p
EPA/600/7-85/013
Contract EPA-68-02-3692
See also PB84-128727.
The report gives results of the final phase of a program
to develop, demonstrate, and evaluate a low-NOx
burner for crude-oil-fired steam generators used for
thermally enhanced oil recovery (TEOR). The burner
designed and demonstrated under this program was
developed from design criteria established in bench-
and pilot-scale experiments. The report describes the
successful installation and testing of a full-scale (16
MWt) commercial prototype burner in the Kern County,
CA, oil fields on a conventional TEOR steam genera-
tor. A 30-day continuous monitoring test demonstrated
the capability of the burner to continuously maintain
NOx emissions of 70 ppm with CO emissions below 50
ppm and particulate emissions below 0.23 g/dscm.
Detailed emission measurements also showed negligi-
ble emissions of organic species, including EPA priori-
ty pollutants. Thermal efficiency of the steam genera-
tor was similar to that prior to the low-NOx retrofit and
was within the normal range for conventional steam
generators. The mechanical performance of all major
burner components was satisfactory.
Keywords: "Burners, "Nitrogen oxides, "Air pollution
control, "Boilers, Design criteria, Performance evalua-
tion, Pilot plants, Experimental design, Industrial
wastes, Thermal recovery methods, Crude oil, Bitumi-
nous sands, "Thermally enhanced oil recovery, En-
hanced recovery.
PB85-185882/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effect of Evaporative Canister Removal and Reld
Vapor Pressure on Hydrocarbon Evaporative
Emissions. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
W. M. Pidgeon. Sep 84,28p EPA/AA/TEB-84/04
This report presents the results of a test program de-
signed to quantify the change in the evaporative hydro-
carbon emissions of six vehicles that (1) were tested
before and after their carbon canisters were removed,
and (2) were tested with the normal Certification test
gasoline (Indolene unleaded) which is low in volatility,
and a commercial gasoline of high volatility. The two
fuels were used witn the carbon canisters installed and
with the carbon canisters removed. The test vehicle
model years ranged from 1974 to 1983. When tested
with Indolene gasoline, the diurnal and hot soak evap-
orative hydrocarbon emissions of all six vehicles in-
creased when the carbon canisters were removed, but
the increases varied widely from vehicle to vehicle.
When tested with commercial gasoline, the hot soak
evaporative hydrocarbon emissions of four of the six
vehicles increased when the carbon canisters were re-
moved, but again, the increases varied widely from ve-
hicle to vehicle. The hot soak evaporative emissions of
the other two vehicles did not significantly change. The
diurnal evaporative emissions of all six vehicles in-
creased when the carbon canisters were removed.
The evaporative emissions of all six vehicles increased
when the low volatility Indolene unleaded was re-
placed with the high volatility commercial gasoline.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Evapora-
tion control, Exhaust emissions, Vapor pressure, Hy-
drocarbons, Motor vehicles, "Evaporative canisters,
"Air quality, Fugitive emissions.
PB85-185890/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Bench-Scale Process Evaluation of Reburning
and Sorbent Injection for In-Furnace NOx/SOx
Reduction. Final rept. Oct 83-Oct 84,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
S. B. Greene, S. L. Chen, W. D. Clark, M. P. Heap, and
D. W. Pershing. Mar 85,256p EPA/600/7-85/012
Contract EPA-68-02-3925
The report gives results of combining reburning with
the injection of calcium-based sorbents to investigate
the potential for combined NOx and SOx reduction.
Reburning, applied to pulverized-coal-fired utility boil-
ers, involves injecting a secondary fuel above the main
firing zone to produce a reducing zone where NOx is
converted to molecular nitrogen. Overfire air is added
above the reburn reducing zone to complete the com-
bustion. Bench-scale evaluations of reburning, carried
out in a plug-flow furnace at 23 kWt, have indicated
that NOx reductions of up to 70% can be achieved de-
pending on a number of process variables, dominant
of which are the initial NOx level that is to be reduced,
the reburning fuel type (pulverized coal type or natural
gas), and the stoichiometry, residence time, and tem-
perature in the reducing zone. Combining the two proc-
esses indicates that the optimum sorbent injection lo-
cation in a reburning system is with the burnout air be-
cause of the increased reactivity of the calcined sor-
bent. Dolomite consistently produces higher capture
than calcific limestone for a wide spectrum of combus-
tion conditions. It is possible to relate sulfur capture di-
rectly to sorbent reactivity as characterized by surface
area after calcination. Sulfur capture in a coal-fired
system is similar to that obtained with doped propane.
Sulfur capture is most dependent on injection temper-
ature.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Furnaces, "Nitrogen
oxides, "Sulfur oxides, "Injection, Combustion prod-
ucts, Industrial wastes, Sorbents, Calcium oxides, "Re-
burning processes, Limestone injection.
PB85-185908/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Porous Dike Intake Evaluation. Final rept. Apr 79-
Jan 82,
New England Electric System, Westborough, MA.
B. A. Ketschke, and R. C. Toner. Mar 85,128p EPA/
600/7-85/011
Contract EPA-68-02-3120
Prepared in cooperation with Marine Research, Inc.,
Falmouth, MA.
The report gives results of an evaluation of a porous
dike intake. A small-scale test facility was constructed
and continuously operated for 2 years under field con-
ditions. Two stone dikes of gabion construction were
tested: one consisted of 7.5 cm stones; and the other,
20 cm stones. Approach velocity was set at 3 cm/sec.
Using a test flume, laboratory studies were also con-
ducted on the avoidance response of fish to a porous
dike intake. Flow through a porous dike, induced by a
hydraulic head of about 61 cm, depended on the
cross-sectional area (tidal height). Throughout the ex-
periment, flow resistance changed, depending on the
fouling. Increases in flow resistance resulted in lower
flow rates at constant hydraulic head. Flow rates could
be increased by backflushing the stone dike. Through-
out the experiment, the porous dike showed a steady
accumulation of silt and organic matter, but the flow
rates tended not to decrease with time.
Keywords: "Dikes, "Water pollution, 'Intake systems,
•Water pollution control, Porosity, Zooplankton, Field
tests, Avoidance response, Fishes, Rocks, Fouling,
Filtration, Larvae, Flow rate, Hydraulics, Gabion con-
struction.
PB85-185916/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Enforcement of Regulations Governing Ground
Water Contamination from Underground Injection
or Disposal of Salt Water in Kansas and Texas.
Final rept.,
National Water Well Association, Worthington, OH.
L. Aller, R. G. Hakundy, and D. M. Nielsen. Apr 85,86p
EPA/600/2-85/034
Prepared in cooperation with East Central Oklahoma
State Univ., Ada.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
This document describes in detail the UIC programs
relating to Class II wells that have been developed in
the states of Texas and Kansas. The UIC program reg-
ulations, the individual agency administrative proce-
dures and the methods of handling groundwater con-
tamination incidents resulting from the injection or dis-
posal of salt water are discussed. In addition, several
case studies of contamination caused by Class II wells
are detailed.
Keywords: 'Ground water, *Sea water, 'Brines, 'In-
jection wells, 'Water pollution, Law enforcement, Reg-
ulations, Texas, Kansas, Management, Licenses.
PB85-1860S4/HSU	PC A22/MF A01
State Participation In the Superfund Remedial
Program, April 1985. Includes Addenda 1-6.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Apr 84,504p*
Supersedes PB84-208784,
This document provides information on how to imple-
ment approved remedial response activities at Nation-
al Priorities List sites in accordance with the National
Oil and Hazardous Substances Contingency Plan. Its
scope includes cooperative agreements, Superfund
State Contracts and credit claims. Further, this docu-
ment incorporates several new Superfund initiatives
EPA has taken in the past year to facilitate remedial re-
sponse and to make it easier for States to join EPA in
addressing problems at uncontrolled hazardous waste
sites. The document is intended to serve as a manual
for State and EPA staff who are implementing the Su-
perfund remedial program, consistent with the delega-
tions of authority the authors plan to issue in the
coming months. Until these delegations are approved,
cooperative agreements, Superfund State Contracts
and audit responses will be processed in Headquar-
ters in accordance with current practice.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Handbooks,
'Waste disposal, State government, Regulations,
Sites, Management planning, Law enforcement, Solid
waste disposal, "Superfund program, Liquid waste dis-
posal.
PB85-186286/HSU	PCS295.50/MFS58.00
Application for Certification 1985 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1985,4611 p-in 4v
Set includes PBB5-186294 through PB85-186328. See
also PB85-136505.
No abstract available.
PB85-186294/HSU	PCS244.00/MFS24.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1985 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Ford Motor Company.
Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Ml.
1985, 3648p EPA/460/A-85/13
See also PB85-186302 and PB83-141424.
Also available in set of 4 reports PCS295.50/
MFS58.00, PB85-186286.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Motor vehicle engines,
Air pollution control, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems Fuel systems, Exhaust emissions, Automotive
industry, Regulations, 'Emission control, 'Light duty
vehicles, Motor vehicles(1985 models), Fugitive emis-
sions, "Certification, Ford Motor Company.
324 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB85-186302/HSU	PC$38.00/MF$14.50
Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1985 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Honda Motor Company, Inc.
American Honda Motor Co., Inc., Gardena, CA.
1985, 379p EPA/460/A-85/14
See also PB85-186294, PB85-186310, and PB84-
178060.
Also available in set of 4 reports PCS295.50/
MF$58.00, PB85-186286.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Motor vehicle engines,
Air pollution control, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Exhaust emissions, Automotive,
"Emission control, "Light duty vehicles, Motor Vehi-
cles(1985 models), "Certification, American Honda
Motor Company, Incorporated, Fugitive emissions.
PB85-186310/HSU	PCS18.50/MFS14.50
Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1985 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Mitsubishi.
Mitsubishi Motors Corp., Tokyo (Japan).
1985, 56p EPA/460/A-85/15
See also PB85-186302, PB85-186328, and PB84-
124494.
Also available in set of 4 reports PCS295.50/
MF$58.00, PB85-186286.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, "Motor vehicle engines,
Air pollution control, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Exhaust emissions, Automotive
industry, Regulations, "Emission control, "Light duty
vehicles, Motor vehicles(1985 models), 'Certification,
Fugitive emissions.
PB85-1B6328/HSU	PCS47.00/MFS14.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1985 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles • Nissan.
Nissan Motor Co. Ltd., Yokohama (Japan).
1985, 528p EPA/460/A-85/16
See also PB85-186310 and PB85-136588.
Also available in set of 4 reports PCS295.50/
MF$58.00, PB85-186286.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systemB
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Motor vehicle engines,
Air pollution control, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Exhaust emissions, Automotive
industry, Regulations, 'Emission control, 'Light duty
vehicles. Motor vehicles(1985 models), "Certification,
Fugitive emissions, Nissan Motor Company, Ltd.
PB85-186336/HSU	PCS182.50/MFS75.00
Application for Certification 1985 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicles/Engines.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1985,2056p-in6v
Set includes PB85-186344 through PB85-186393. See
also PB84-124544.
No abstract available.
PB85-186344/HSU	PCS28.00/MFJ14.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1985 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engines - Caterpillar Tractor Compa-
ny-
Caterpillar Tractor Co., Peoria, IL.
1985, 216p EPA/460/A-85/17
See also PB85-186351 and PB83-196261.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC$182.50/
MF$75.00, PB85-186336.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Tractors, Air pollution control, Exhaust
emissions, Exhaust systems, Fuel systems, Ignition
systems, Automotive industry, Regulations, 'Emission
control, 'Heavy duty vehicles, "Heavy duty engines,
Heavy duty engines(1985 models), Motor vehi-
cles(1985 models), Fugitive emissions, 'Certification,
Caterpillar T ractor Company.
PB85-186351/HSU	PCS42.50/MFS14.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1985 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicles/Engines - Ford Motor Com-
any.
ord Motor Co., Dearborn, Ml.
1985, 451p EPA/460/A-85/18
See also PB85-186344, PB85-186369, and PB83-
141549.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC$182.50/
MFS75.00, PB85-186336.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. it also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Trucks, "Truck engines. Air pollution con-
trol, Exhaust emissions, Exhaust systems, Fuel sys-.
terns, Ignition systems, Automotive industry, Regula-
tions, Manufacturers, 'Emission control, "Heavy duty
vehicles, "Heavy duty engines, Heavy duty en-
gines(1985 models), Motor vehicles! 1985 models). Fu-
gitive emissions, "Certification, Ford Motor Company.
PB8S-186369/ HSU	PC$61.50/M F$ 15.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1985 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicles/Engines - General Motors.
General Motors Proving Ground, Milford, Ml.
1985, 774p EPA/460/A-85/19
See also PB85-186351, PB85-186377, and PB84-
178136.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC$182.50/
MFS75.00, PB85-186336.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Trucks, "Truck engines, Air pollution con-
trol, Exhaust emissions, Exhaust systems, Fuel sys-
tems, Ignition systems, Automotive industry, Regula-
tions, "Emission control, "Heavy duty vehicles, "Heavy
duty engines, Heavy duty engines(1985 models),
Motor vehicles(1985 models), Fugitive emissions,
"Certification, General Motors Corporation.
PB85-186377/HSU	PC$24.50/MF$14.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1985 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engines - Hino Motors Ltd.
Hino Motors Ltd., Tokyo (Japan).
1985,153p EPA/460/A-85/20
See also PB85-186369, PB85-186385, and PB84-
178102.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC$182.50/
MFS75.00, PB85-186336.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Trucks, "Truck engines, Air pollution con-
trol. Exhaust emissions, Exhaust systems, Fuel sys-
tems, Ignition systems, Automotive industry, Regula-
tions, "Emission control, "Heavy duty vehicles, "Heavy
duty engines, Heavy duty engines(1985 models),
Motor vehicles(1985 models), Fugitive emissions,
"Certification, Hino Motors, Ltd.
PB85-186365/HSU	PCS20.00/MFS14.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1985 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engines - International Harvester.
International Harvester Co., Fort Wayne, IN.
1985,82p EPA/460/A-85/21
See also PB85-186377, PB85-186393, and PB84-
178110.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC$182.50/
MF$75.00, PB85-186336.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Trucks, "Truck engines, Air pollution con-
trol, Exhaust emissions, Exhaust systems, Fuel sys-
tems, Ignition systems, Automotive industry, Regula-
tions, "Emission control, * Heavy duty vehicles, "Heavy
duty engines, Heavy duty engines(1985 models),
Motor vehicles(1985 models), Fugitive emissions,
"Certification, International Harvester.
PB85-186393/HSU	PCS38.00/MFS14.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1985 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engines - Mack Trucks.
Mack Trucks, Inc., Hagerstown, MD.
1985, 380p EPA/460/A-85/22
See also PB85-186385 and PB84-178144.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC$182.50/
MFS75.00, PB85-186336.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Trucks, "Truck engines, Air pollution con-
trol, Exhaust emissions, Exhaust systems, Fuel sys-
tems, Ignition systems, Automotive industry, Regula-
tions, "Emission control, 'Heavy duty vehicles, "Heavy
duty engines, Heavy duty engines(1985 models),
Motor vehicles(1985 models), Fugitive emissions,
"Certification, Mack Trucks.
PB85-186492/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Modeling of Auto Exhaust Smog Chamber Data
for Ekma Development Final rept. Aug 82-Jul 84,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
G. Z. Whitten, J. P. Killus, and R. G. Johnson. Apr 85,
368p EPA/600/3-85/025
Contract EPA-68-02-3735
A new generalized mechanism for photochemical
smog has been developed. The mechanism is suitable
for use in the Empirical Kinetics Modeling Approach
(EKMA) to estimate the control of volatile organic com-
pounds that is needed to achieve the National Ambient
Air Quality Standard for ozone. The mechanism devel-
oped is called the CBM-X, and it is the fourth lumped-
parameter mechanism to be designed in accordance
with the carbon-bond reaction concept. The principal
features that distinguish the CBM-X from previous
carbon-bond mechanisms include separating formal-
dehyde from the other oxygenates, treating toluene
separately from the other aromatics and including a
more detailed, up-to-date representation of aromatic
hydrocarbons chemistry. The CBM-X was tested by
comparing the predictions obtained with the mecha-
nism against smog chamber data of dilute auto ex-
haust/oxides of nitrogen mixtures obtained in the out-
door smog chamber facility operated by the University
of North Carolina.
Keywords: "Mathematical models, "Exhaust emis-
sions, "Smog, "Ozone, "Air pollution, Test chambers.
Nitrogen oxides, Photochemical reactions, Standards,
Aromatic hydrocarbons, Urban area, Chemical reac-
tions, Experimental design, 'Chemical reaction mech-
anisms, "Air quality, 'Atmospheric chemistry, 'EKMA
models, Expanded carbon bond mechanisms, Nation-
al Ambient Air Quality Standard, Volatile organic com-
pounds.
PB85-18S500/HSU	PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Characterizing and Controlling Urban Runoff
through Street and Sewerage Cleaning. Final rept.
1980-83,
Pitt (Robert), Blue Mounds, Wl.
R. Pitt. Apr 85,476p EPA/600/2-85/038
A series of projects conducted from 1978 through
1983 in Bellevue, Washington, to investigate Belle-
vue's urban runoff sources, effects, and potential con-
trols. This report presents results of the project con-
ducted by the City of Bellevue that was sponsored by
the Storm and Combined Sewer Section of the U.S.
EPA. The project lasted from 1980 to 1983 and was
mostly concerned with urban runoff characterization
and control by street and sewerage cleaning. This
project completely monitored more than 300 urban
runoff events in two residential areas during the project
period. Flow-weighted composite samples were ana-
lyzed for a core list of important constituents. Com-
plete flow monitoring results allowed detailed descrip-
tions of urban runoff quality and quantity, and allowed
estimates to be made concerning the contributions of
flows and pollutants from different source areas.
Street surface and sewerage particulates were also
collected and analyzed to determine the effectiveness
of street and sewerage cleaning.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Water pollution control, "Urban
areas, Streets, Cleaning, Effectiveness, Sources, Flow
rate, Monitoring, Volume, Water quality, Residential
buildings, Removal, Catch basins, Rainfall, Periodic
variations, Tables(Data), Washington(State), Urban
hydrology,	"Surface water runoff,
Bellevue(Washington).
PB85-188833/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, MO.
Region VII.
Draft Environmental Impact Statement: Proposed
Wastewater Treatment Facilities for Eastern St.
Charles County, Missouri Including Duckett Creek
Sewer District, St. Peters Sewer District, St.
Charles Sewer District, Portage de Sioux Sewer
District.
WAPORA, Inc., Chevy Chase, MD.
Mar 85,404p EPA/907/9-85/001
Contract EPA-68-01-6609
The draft environmental impact statement addresses
the social, economic, and environmental impacts po-
tentially resulting from the proposed Federal action ol
issuing a grant for construction of wastewater man-
agement facilities within the St. Charles County facili-
ties planning area. The planning area includes the
Duckett Creek Sewer District and the cities of St.
Charles and St. Peters, Missouri. Principal impact
areas for the action alternatives include surface and
groundwater quality, biological resources, and infra-
structures. The recommended alternative was found to
be environmentally sound and cost-effective. Most ad-
verse impacts can be mitigated through various legal
requirements, planning measures, and design/con-
struction practices.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Environmental
impact statement-draft, Construction, Missouri River,
Mississippi River, Ground water, Water pollution, Soil,
Traffic. Maps. Land use, Flood plains, Biology, Sewage
treatment plants, Saint Charles County(Missouri), Al-
ternative planning.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB85-186674/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Radiation Data, Report 39, July-
September 1984.
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
G. A. Luster, J. W. Gunter, and C. M. Petko. Dec 84,
54p EPA/520/5-85/009
See also PB85-164838.
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is compiled and
distributed quarterly, and contains data from the Envi-
ronmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System
(ERAMS). Data from similar networks operated by
contributing States, Canada, Mexico, and the Pan
American Health Organization are reported in the ERD
when available. ERAMS was established in 1973 by
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of
Radiation Programs (ORP). The ERAMS is comprised
of nationwide sampling stations that provide air, sur-
face and drinking water, and milk samples from which
environmental radiation levels are derived. The major
emphasis for ERAMS is toward identifying trends in
the accumulation of long-lived radionuclides in the en-
vironment. Sampling locations are selected to provide
optimal population coverage while functioning to moni-
toring fallout from nuclear devices and other forms of
radioactive contamination of the environment. The ra-
diation analyses performed on these samples include
gross alpha and gross beta levels, gamma analyses
for fission products, and specific analyses for uranium,
Plutonium, strontium, iodine, radium, krypton, and triti-
um.
Keywords: 'Radioactivity, Gamma rays, Radioactive
contaminants, Airborne wastes, Surface waters, Pota-
ble water, Milk, Tritium, Cesium 137, Iodine 131,
Carbon 14, Krypton 85, Strontium 90, Uranium 235,
Plutonium 238, Plutonium 239, Tables(Data), 'Radi-
ation monitoring, Environmental monitoring, ERAMS
system, Strontium 89, Radium 226, Uranium 234, Ura-
nium 238, Iodine 129, Barium 140, Potassium 40, Envi-
ronmental exposure pathways.
PB85-186823/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Plastics Molding
and Forming Point Source Category. Final Report.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
Dec 84,611p* EPA/440/1-84/069
See also PB84-171578.
This report presents information used to develop the
final effluent limitations guidelines and standards for
the plastic molding and forming (PM & F) industry. It
characterizes the PM & F industry, discusses subcate-
gory of the industry, presents water uses practices,
characterizes PM & F process waters, presents treat-
ment and control, technologies, evaluates those tech-
nologies, and presents the final effluent limitations
guidelines for direct dischargers and pretreatment
standards for indirect dischargers.
Keywords: 'Plastics processing, 'Molding techniques,
"Guidelines, 'Standards, "Water pollution control,
'Forming techniques, Sources, Industrial waste treat-
ment, 'Point sources, Best technology, New source
performance standards, Pretreatment(water).
PB85-186922/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Literature Review of Wetland Evaluation Method-
ologies. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
V.
Sep 84, 318p
Prepared in cooperation with WAPORA, Inc., Chicago,
IL.
This report reviews and summarizes (1) direct and cu-
mulative impacts that may result from implementation
of a wastewater treatment project facilities plan; (2) the
available literature concerning methodologies that
have been developed to evaluate wetland ecosystem
baseline conditions; and (3) methodologies that
assess impacts of various human activities on wet-
lands. Ultimately, this information will be used by
USEPA to develop an objective impact screening
methodology for use during the facilities planning proc-
ess Identification of potentially adverse impacts (red
flaqs) would allow determination of issues that would
lead to the requirement of more detailed, site-specific
studies.
326 Vol. 90, No. 24
Keywords: "Marshes, "Sewage treatment, Environ-
mental impacts, Identifying, Rivers, Harbors, Regional
planning, "Wetlands, Ecosystems, Baseline studies,
Habitats.
PB85-187672/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Survey Management Handbook. Volume 1. Guide-
lines for Planning and Managing a Statistical
Survey,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Statistical Policy Branch.
C. Croce. Nov 84,146p EPA/230/12-84/002-VOL-1
See also PB85-187680.Revision of report dated Nov
83.
Volume I focuses on survey design principles and
ways program officials might productively apply them
in planning a contract survey.
Keywords: "Handbooks, 'Guidelines, "Statistical anal-
ysis, "Population(Statistics), "Management planning,
Questionnaires, Design, Contract administration, "Pol-
lution control.
PB85-187680/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Survey Management Handbook. Volume 2. Over-
seeing the Technical Progress of a Survey Con-
tract,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Statistical Policy Branch.
C. Croce. Dec 84, 171p EPA/230/12-84/002-VOL-2
See also PB85-187672.
Volume II emphasizes the conduct and management
of an Agency-sponsored survey. Each of the six chap-
ters of Volume II corresponds to a major component of
a typical work plan for a statistical survey of human
populations.
Keywords: "Handbooks, "Guidelines, 'Statistical anal-
ysis, 'Population(Statistics), 'Management planning,
Questionnaires, Sampling, Interviews, "Pollution con-
trol.
PB85-187953/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Methods for Measurement of (222)Rn Emissions
from Underground Uranium Mines,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
P. O. Jackson. Aug 84,38p EPA/520/1-05/012
Sponsored by Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Three methods are described for use in monitoring the
emission rate (activity per unit time) of 222Rn in venti-
lation air exhausted from active underground uranium
mines. The methods include procedures for making (1)
concentration measurements, (2) flow-rate measure-
ments. and (3) emission rate calculations.
Keywords: 'Radioactivity, "Mine gases, Radiation
measuring instruments, Underground mining, Mine
ventilation, Concentration(Composition), Sampling,
Airborne wastes, Radioactive contaminants, Alpha
particles, Rates(Per time), "Uranium mines, "Radon
222.
PB85-188159/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Determination of Bendiocarb in Industrial and Mu-
nicipal Wastewaters. Final rept. Apr-Nov 82,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
J. S. Warner, T. M. Engel, and P. J. Mondron. Apr 85,
45p EPA/600/4-85/021
Contract EPA-68-03-2956
A method was developed for the determination of ben-
diocarb in wastewaters. The method development pro-
gram consisted of a literature review; determination of
extraction efficiency for the compound from water into
methylene chloride; development of a deactivated
Florisil cleanup procedure; and determination of suita-
ble liquid chromatographic analysis conditions. Recov-
ery at the 80 microgram/l level was 70 + or - 4 per-
cent. The method detection limit (MDL) for bendiocarb
in distilled water was 1.8 microgram/l. The MDL in
wastewaters may be higher due to interfering com-
pounds.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "Industrial wastes,
"Pesticides, Extraction, Water analyses, Water pollu-
tion Concentration(Composition), Chromatographic
analysis, "Water pollution detection, "Municipal
wastes, "Bendiocarb, Liquid chromatography.
PB85-188209/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab -Cincin-
nati, OH.
Determination of Hexachlorophene and Dichloro-
phen In Industrial and Municipal Wastewaters.
Final rept. Feb-Apr 82,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
J. S. Warner, T. M. Engel, and P. J. Mondron. Apr 85,
46p EPA/600/4-85/027
Contract EPA-68-03-2956
A method was developed for the determination of hex-
achlorophene and dichlorophen in wastewaters. The
method development program consisted of a literature
review; determination of extraction efficiency for each
compound from water into methylene chloride; and de-
termination of suitable liquid chromatographic analysis
conditions. The final method was applied to Columbus
Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW) secondary
effluent in order to determine the precision and accu-
racy of the method. The method detection (MDL) in re-
agent water for hexachlorophene was 1.2 micro-
?rams/I and for dichlorophen was 1.0 micrograms/l.
he MDL in wastewater may be higher due to interfer-
ing compounds.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "Industrial wastes,
"Pesticides, Gas chromatography. Extraction, Water
analyses,	Water	pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Chromatographic analy-
sis, "Water pollution detection, "Municipal wastes,
"Hexachlorophene, "Dichlorophen, Liquid chromatog-
raphy, Publicly owned wastewater treatment.
PB85-188829/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Settlement and Cover Subsidence of Hazardous
Waste Landfills. Final rept.,
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS.
W. L. Murphy, and P. A. Gilbert. Apr 85,120p EPA/
600/2-85/035
Numerical models using equations for linearly elastic
deformation were developed to predict the maximum
expected amount of settlement and cover subsidence
and potential cracking of the cover by differential set-
tlement in uniformly, horizontally layered hazardous
waste landfills. The hazardous waste landfill models
represented landfills in which unsaturated wastes were
contained in steel drums that were assumed to dete-
riorate ultimately. The model landfill consisted of alter-
nating layers of drummed wastes and intermediate
clay cover. The maximum expected subsidence was
calculated to be about 12% of the total landfill thick-
ness.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Subsidence,
"Earthfills, Steels, Thickness, Cracks,
Settlement(Structural), Deformation, Clay soils, "Finite
element analysis.
PB85-188837/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Assessment of PCDDs (Polychlorlnated Dlbenzo-
dioxlns) and PCDFs (Polychlorlnated Dibenzofur-
ans) from PCB (Polychlorlnated Blphenyl's) Trans-
former and Capacitor Fires,
Technical Resources, Inc., Bethesda, MD.
A. Lee. Apr 85,130p EPA/600/2-85/036
Contract EPA-68-03-3212
The EPA, under the Toxic Substances Control Act, has
been mandated to develop appropriate regulations for
the control of exposure to polychlorlnated biphenyls
(PCBs). In light of this responsibility the EPA Office of
Toxic Substances recently issued an Advance Notice
of Proposed Rulemaking (ANPR) intended to define
the problem of releases of PCBs and other toxic com-
pounds during fires involving transformers and capaci-
tors containing PCBs. The EPA Office of Research and
Development (ORD) has also been mandated under
the recently released Dioxin Strategy document to
evaluate fire accidents involving PCB transformers and
capacitors as potential new sources of polychlorlnated
dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
formation to support the two mandated programs, the
EPA/ORD undertook this study to assess the prob-
lems associated with fires involving askarels, to cata-
log the contamination experiences and to review po-
tential decontamination methods as well as disposal of
contaminated material. This study assesses the chem-
istry of PCBs under thermal conditions and evaluates
the generation of PCDDs and PCDFs. It reviews tech-
nologies for destruction and disposal of PCBs and their
toxic contaminants. Methodologies to assess potential
hazards and reduce exposure are also discussed.
Keywords: "Fire safety, "Transformers, "Capacitors,
'Air pollution control, Assessments, Regulations, In-
dustrial plants, Sources, Exposure, Chemical reac-
tions, Pyrolysis, Manufacturing, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Industrial wastes, "Toxic substances, "Poly-
chlorinated dibenzodioxins, "Polychlorinated dibenzo-
furans, "Liquid waste disposal, Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls.
PB85-188845/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Risk Assessment of Wastewater Disinfection.
Rept, for Oct 79-Jan 84,
Colorado Univ. at Denver.
D. Hubly, W. Chappell, J. Lanning, M. Maltempo, and
D. Chiras. Apr 85,187p EPA/600/2-85/037
Grant EPA-R-806586
A risk assessment data base is presented for several
waste-water disinfection alternatives, including chlor-
ination, ozonation, chlorination/dechlorination, and ul-
traviolet radiation. The data base covers hazards and
consequences related to onsite use and transportation
of the disinfectants and ultimate disposal of disinfect-
ed effluents. A major segment of the data base deals
with the effects of chlorination products in aquatic eco-
systems. Energy consumption and cost analyses are
also presented for chlorination and ozonation. Exam-
ple risk calculations are presented for two hypothetical
wastewater treatment plants. The usefulness of the
data base for risk assessment is also discussed.
Keywords: "Water treatment, "Disinfection, "Waste
water. Mathematical models, Risk, Assessments,
Chlorination, Ozonization, Cargo transportation, Ultra-
violet radiation, Hazards, Waste disposal, Energy con-
sumption, Cost analysis, Humans, Exposure, Chlorine,
Vegetation, Toxicity, Invertebrates, "Dechlorination,
Ecosystems.
PB85-188852/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Great Lakes-Nature's Own Environmental Labo-
ratory,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
W. L. Richardson. 1985,12p EPA/600/D-85/077
This paper describes the Great Lakes, the world's larg-
est ecosystem and microlab, the history of man's inter-
action and pollution of it, and the subsequent cleanup
ordered by law in recent decades and continuing into
the present time.
Keywords: "Great Lakes, "Water pollution, History,
Abnormalities, Sediments, Bacteria, Trout, Fresh
water fishes, Hazardous materials, Organic com-
pounds, "Ecosystems, Clean up, Microcosms, Oil
slicks.
PB85-188860/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Stability of Parts-per-Bllllon Hazardous Organic
Cylinder Gases and Performance Audit Results of
Source Test and Ambient Air Measurement Sys-
tems. Status Report 1,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. K. M. Jayanty, S. W. Cooper, J. Sokasn. and C. E.
Decker. Apr 85,83p EPA/600/4-85/032
Contract EPA-68-02-3767
A repository of 14 gaseous organic compounds at
parts-per-billion (ppb) levels in compressed gas cylin-
ders has been established by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA). The primary objectives of
this on-going project are: (1) to provide accurate gas
mixtures to EPA, state/local agencies, or their contrac-
tors for performance audits to assess the relative ac-
curacy of source measurement systems during haz-
ardous waste trial burn tests and ambient air monitor-
ing programs; (2) to verify the manufacturer's certified
analysis of the multi-component gas mixtures; (3) to
determine the stability of the gas mixtures with time;
and (4) to develop new audit materials as requested by
EPA. The repository consists of two mixtures of five
and nine organic compounds in aluminum cylinders in
a balance gas of nitrogen. The five component mixture
(Group I) contains carbon tetrachloride, chloroform,
perchloroethylene, vinyl chloride and benzene. The
nine component mixture (Group II) includes trichlor-
oethylene, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,2-dibromethane, ace-
tonitrile, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorodifluorometh-
ane, bromomethane, methyl ethyl ketone and 1,1,1-
trichloroethane. To date, 20 performance audits have
been initiated and 12 are complete. The results of
these audits and a description of the experimental pro-
cedures used for analyses and available stability data
are presented in this Status Report 1.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Gas cylinders, "Au-
diting, "Solid waste disposal, "Incinerators, "Air pollu-
tion, Performance evaluation, State government, As-
sessments, Stability, Experimental design,
Tables(Data), Gas analysis, Organic compounds, Mix-
tures, Concentration(Composition), Sources, Quality
assurance, "Air pollution detection, Procedures.
PB85-188878/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Environmental Release of Asbestos from Com-
mercial Product Shaping. Final rept. 1981-84,
Engineering-Science, Fairfax, VA.
D. A. Falgout. Apr 85, 396p EPA/600/2-85/044
Contract EPA-68-03-3040
For the first time, the release of respirable asbestos
fibers has been quantified in terms of standard me-
chanical forces using widely accepted methodology
and specified QA/QC procedures. Both fabrication of
new products from asbestos containing materials and
repair or removal of in-use asbestos containing prod-
ucts contribute to the total environmental exposure to
asbestos. There is a need to assess these materials
and operations according to the potential severity of
their fiber releases. This research consisted of per-
forming several simulated industrial/commercial shap-
ing operations on several asbestos containing prod-
ucts. The rates of fiber release, expressed as fibers
per cubic centimeter of air inside an enclosed test
chamber per gram of asbestos milled, were measured.
The filter samples were analyzed by the transmission
electron microscope (TEM) method. Lengths, widths,
and type of asbestos were reported for fibers and
other asbestos structures. In addition, samples were
taken for phase contrast microscopic (PCM) analysis
during most of the experiments. The results of these
analyses are compared. Research on the release of
asbestos/substitutes resulting from commercial prod-
uct manufacture, use, and disposal is of continuing im-
portance. More information about the quantities and
dimensions of fibers released during these activities is
required in order to develop effective control methods
to help protect the public health.
Keywords: "Asbestos, "Air pollution control, "Fibers,
"Hazardous materials, "Public health, Waste disposal,
Exposure, Manufacturing, Utilization, Chemical analy-
sis, Industrial wastes. Regulations, Tables(Oata),
Concentration(Composition), Sampling, "Toxic sub-
stances, "Consumer products, Air pollution
effects(Humans), Transmission electron microscopy.
PBS5-188886/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Analytical and Sampling Methodology for Charac-
terization of Polynuclear Aromatic Compounds In
Indoor Air,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
N. K. Wilson, R. G. Lewis, C. C. Chuang, B. A.
Petersen, and G. A. Mack. 1985,20p EPA/600/D-85/
069
Contract EPA-68-02-3487
Sampling and analysis methodology were developed
for the collection and quantification of polynuclear aro-
matic hydrocarbons, their nitro derivatives, and their ni-
trogen heterocyclic analogs in indoor air. The method-
ology was evaluated in a study of air in ten homes. The
study included homes with and without woodburning
fireplaces, gas heat and appliances, and smoking oc-
cupants, and with a range of ventilation rates. The
range of concentrations in the homes and factors that
systematically contribute to those concentrations of
selected polynuclear aromatic compounds were esti-
mated. Some practical limitations on the sampling
equipment and methodology were identified.
Keywords: "Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, "Air
pollution, "Nitro compounds, "Nitrogen heterocyclic
compounds, Sampling, Residential buildings, Houses,
Ventilation, Smoking, Gas heating, Gas analysis,
Chemical analysis, Concentration(Composition), Sam-
plers, "Indoor air pollution, "Air pollution detection,
"Air pollution sampling, Wood burning appliances.
PB85-188894/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
EPA/AEERL (Environmental Protection Agency/
Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory)
Source Testing Program for Coal Gasification
Technologies (Kosovo Test Site),
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
K. J. Bombaugh, and W. J. Rhodes. 1985, 24p EPA/
600/D-85/072
Contract EPA-68-02-3137
The paper summarizes EPA's environmental assess-
ment testing program for synthetic fuels technology,
with emphasis on the Kosovo source test and evalua-
tion program. The Kosovo program included: (a) field
tests to characterize process waste streams that
would be input to control technologies in U.S. synfuels
plants, (b) characterization of fugitive emissions, and
(c) characterization of components in the ambient air
and correlation of those components with source char-
acterization data. Results from the Kosovo program
have been (and are being ) used: (a) to evaluate and
select pollution control technologies for U.S. coal gas-
ification plants using pressurized fixed-bed gasification
technology, (b) as input to health studies, (c) to devel-
op worker health and safety programs for U.S. synfuels
plants, (d) to acquire environmental permits which ad-
dress regulated and nonregulated pollutants, (e) to de-
velop supplemental environmental monitoring plans
required by the U.S. Synthetic Fuels Corporation, and
(f) to develop and validate ambient air monitoring
methodology.
Keywords: "Coal gasification, "Environmental surveys,
Air pollution, Water pollution, Assessments, Sources,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Field tests, In-
dustrial hygiene, National government, State govern-
ment, Leakage, Pollution control, Public health, Li-
censes, Regulations, Sampling, "Kosovo program,
Kosovo Region(Yugoslavia), Fugitive emissions, Solid
wastes.
PB85-188910/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Engineering Application and Economics of LIMB
(Limestone injection/Multistage Burners),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
N. Kaplan, D. G. Lachapelle, and J. Chappell. 1985,
19p EPA/600/D-85/071
The paper describes the use of an EPA LIMB cost
model, in conjunction with cost and performance
models for flue gas desulfurization (FGD), to compare
these two technologies under similar premises.
(NOTE: The performance goals of LIMB, EPA's acro-
nym for Limestone Injection/Multistage Burners for
use in S02/N0x control for coal-fired boilers, are 50-
60% reduction of S02 and NOx for retrofit systems,
and achievement of New Source Performance Stand-
ards (NSPS) for S02 and NOx for application on new
utility boilers. These performance requirements, fur-
thermore, are to be achieved at significantly lower cost
than that for FGD, the major control technology alter-
native.) For a new 500 MW unit burning 1.92% S coal
and achieving control to meet NSPS, costs per ton of
S02 removed are estimated to be $1377, $771, and
$921 for limestone FGD, lime spray drying, and LIMB
using calcitic hydrate, respectively. At 0.48% S in the
coal, these costs are estimated at $3715, $1954, and
$1134 for limestone FGD, lime spray drying, and LIMB,
respectively. For a 300 MW retrofit system, costs per
ton of S02 removed for wet limestone FGD and LIMB
using calcitic hydrate on a 1.92% S coal application
are $1359 and $844, respectively.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Mathe-
matical models, "Burners, Cost analysis, Performance
evaluation, Comparison, Flue gases, Sulfur oxides, Ni-
trogen oxides, Sorbents, Economic analysis, Capital-
ized costs, Electric power plants, "Limestone injection
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
multistage burners. Flue gas desulfurization, Coal fired
power plants.
PB85-188936/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Corrosion Rates of Galvanized Chain-Link Fence:
A Field Study,
Aerocomp, Inc., Costa Mesa, CA.
S. B. Cunningham, T. Chico, and F. H. Haynie. 1985,
27p EPA/600/D-85/060
Contract EPA-68-02-4039
Research was performed to establish the rate of corro-
sion of the zinc coating on highway chain-link fence in
four cities around the country. Samples of fence were
collected at two kilometer intervals along highways in
Philadelphia, Denver, Hartford, and Houston. The
cities represented a variety of climatological types and
air pollution levels. At the 40 sampling sites in each city
the age and original coating specifications were ob-
tained as was information on present and historical
levels of sulfur dioxide. Based on results of chemical
analysis of the samples, the average corrosion rate
within and among cities was determined.
Keywords: "Corrosion, "Zinc coatings, "Fences, High-
ways, Statistical analysis, Urban areas.
PB85-188944/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Incorporating Meteorological Data Into Receptor
Analysis: RAPS (Regional Air Pollution Study) Re-
visited,
Massachusetts Inst, of Tech., Cambridge. Energy Lab.
S. A. Batterman, J. A. Fay, and D. Golomb. 1985,21 p
EPA/600/D-85/061
Grant EPA-R-811534
An analysis of data collected in the St. Louis Regional
Air Pollution Study indicates that about 72% of the
annual average PM-15 aerosol is background material,
presumably of regional origin. The fine and coarse
fractions are composed largely of sulfate and crustal
material, respectively. About 29% of the particle mass
is unaccounted for assuming the measured elements
are present as stable oxides. The ratio between PM-15
and TSP concentrations varied considerably among
sites depending on averaging time and percentile. Dis-
persion model results corroborate the regional origin
of the bulk of the aerosol. Annual average dispersion
modeling can reproduce the observed annual concen-
trations from local sources emitting trace elements;
however only about 14% of the PM-15 mass can be
accounted for by local point sources. A sensitivity anal-
ysis indicates that incorporating settling and deposition
processes in dispersion models is unlikely to signifi-
cantly alter predicted concentrations from local
sources.
Keywords: "Particles, "Air pollution, "Fines, Sites,
Urban areas, Sampling, Sources,
Concentration(Composition), Aerosols, Mathematical
models, "Regional Air Pollution Study, "Air pollution
sampling, Atmospheric dispersion, Saint
Louis(Missouri).
PB85-188951/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab -Cincin-
nati, OH.
C, H, and O Compounds - Cycloprate, Klnoprene,
Methoprene, and Resmethrin. Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
J. S. Warner, T. M. Engel, P. J. Mondron, and M. C.
Landes. Apr 85, 54p EPA/600/4-85/019
Contract EPA-68-03-2956
A method was developed for the determination of four
compounds containing only carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen (cycloprate, kinoprene, methoprene, and res-
methrin), in wastewaters, The method development
program consisted of a literature review; determination
of extraction efficiency for each compound from water
into methylene chloride; development of a deactivated
silica gel cleanup procedure; and determination of suit-
able gas chromatographic and analysis conditions. Ex-
traction and cleanup procedures were developed to
provide 85 percent or greater recoveries of these com-
pounds from the wastewater. The final method was
applied to Columbus POTW secondary effluent in
order to determine the precision and accuracy of the
method.
328 Vol. 90, No. 24
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "Industrial wastes,
"Pesticides, Extraction, Water analysis, Water pollu-
tion, Concentration(Composition), Gas chromatogra-
phy, "Water pollution detection, 'Municipal wastes,
"Entocan ZR-515, "Resmethrin, "Cycloprate, "ZR-
777, Publicly owned wastewater treatment.
PB8S-188969/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Speciation of Hazardous Inorganic Compounds
by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrosco-
py. Final rept. Dec 80-Aug 81,
Systems, Science and Software, La Jolla, CA.
T. R. Acciani, and E. A. Burns. Mar 85, 93p SSS-R-82-
5917, EPA/600/2-85/025
Contract EPA-68-02-3629
The report describes an extension of the application of
infrared methodology to characterize hazardous inor-
ganic compounds in solid inorganic emissions, based
on recent advances in instrumentation for Fourier
transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The improved
instrumentation, consisting of multiple-scan computer
enhancement methods, has increased the signal-to-
noise ratio so that low concentrations on infrared
active bands are now measurable. The ability to use
spectral subtraction methods, together with improved
infrared detectors, also permits trace level infrared
analysis; a few years ago, this was not possible. In-
creasing the infrared spectral scanning range to the far
infrared (i.e., down to 100 reciprocal cm) permits char-
acterization of metal-oxygen bending modes. The
result of this enhanced technology allows the specia-
tion of hazardous inorganic compounds.
Keywords: "infrared spectroscopy, "Hazardous mate-
rials, "Chemical analysis, "Inorganic compounds, "En-
vironmental surveys, Fluidized bed processing, Indus-
trial wastes, Combustion products, Air pollution, Trace
elements, Infrared spectrometers, Infrared spectrums,
Water pollution, Solid waste disposal, Experimental
design, Sampling, Smelters, Steel mills, Performance
evaluation, "Fourier transform spectroscopy, Air pollu-
tion detection, Water pollution detection, Matrix isola-
tion techniques, Toxic substances.
PB85-188977/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Determination of Bensulide In Industrial and Mu-
nicipal Wastewaters. Final rept. Feb-Apr 82,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
J. S, Warner, T. M. Engel, and P. J. Mondron. Apr 85,
45p EPA/600/4-85/022
Contract EPA-68-03-2956
A method was developed for the determination of ben-
sulide in wastewaters. The method development pro-
gram consisted of: a literature review; determination of
extraction efficiency for each compound from water
into methylene chloride; development of a deactivat-
ed; Florisi! cleanup procedure; and determination of
suitable liquid chromatographic analysis conditions.
The final method was applied to a relevant industrial
wastewater in order to determine the precision and ac-
curacy of the method. The method detection limit
(MDL) for bensulide in distilled water was 1.6 micro-
grams/I. The MDL in wastewaters may be higher due
to interfering compounds.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "industrial wastes,
"Pesticides, Gas chromatography, Extraction, Water
analyses,	Water	pollution,
Concentration(Composition), "Water pollution detec-
tion, "Municipal wastes, "Betasan, CAS 741-58-2,
High performance liquid chromatography.
PB85-18898S/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Determination of Oryzalln in Industrial and Munici-
pal Wastewaters. Final rept. Feb-Apr 82,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
J. S. Warner, T. M. Engel, and P. J. Mondron. Apr 85,
46p EPA/600/4-85/024
Contract EPA-68-03-2956
A method was developed for the determination of ory-
zalin in wastewaters. The method development pro-
gram consisted of a literature review; determination of
extraction efficiency of oryzalin from water into methyl-
ene chloride; development of a deactivated Florisil
cleanup procedure; and determination of suitable
liquid chromatographic analysis conditions. A method
to determine oryzalin in wastewaters was developed.
Extraction and cleanup procedures were developed to
provide 85 percent or greater recoveries of oryzalin
from wastewater. A high performance liquid chroma-
tography (HPLC) method of analysis with ultraviolet
detection (UVD) was also developed. The final method
was applied to a relevant industrial wastewater in order
to determine the precision and accuracy of the
method. The method detection limit (MDL) for oryzalin
in distilled water was 0.5 micrograms/l. The MDL in
wastewaters may be higher due to interfering com-
pounds.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "Industrial wastes,
"Pesticides, Extraction, Water analyses, Water pollu-
tion, Concentration(Composition), Chromatographic
analysis, Ultraviolet spectroscopy, "Water pollution
detection, "Municipal wastes, "Surflan, High perform-
ance liquid chromatography.
PB85-188993/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Determination of Rotenone in Industrial and Mu-
nicipal Wastewaters. Final rept. Feb-Apr 82,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
J. S. Warner, T. M. Engel, and P. J. Mondron. Apr 85,
45p EPA/600/4-85/023
Contract EPA-68-03-2956
A method was developed for the determination of rote-
none in wastewaters. The method development pro-
gram consisted of a literature review; determination of
extraction efficiency for each compound from water
into methylene chloride; development of a deactivated
silica gel cleanup procedure; and determination of a
suitable high performance liquid chromatographic
(HPLC) method with ultraviolet (UV) detection. The
final method was applied to a relevant industrial
wastewater to determine the precision and accuracy of
the method. The method detection limit (MDL) for rote-
none in distilled water was 1.6 micrograms/l. The MDL
in wastewaters may be higher due to interfering com-
pounds.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "Industrial wastes,
"Pesticides, Chromatographic analysis, Extraction,
Water analyses,	Water pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Ultraviolet spectroscopy,
"Water pollution detection, "Municipal wastes, "Rote-
none, High performance liquid chromatography.
PB85-189009/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Determination of Thiocarbamates In Industrial
and Municipal Wastewater - Butylate, Cycloate,
EPTC, Molinate, Pebulate, and Vernolat*. Final
rept. Aug 81 -Apr 82,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
J. S. Warner, T. M. Engel, and P. J. Mondron. Apr 85,
60p EPA/600/4-85/017
Contract EPA-68-03-2956
A method was developed for the determination of six
thiocarbamate compounds (butylate, cycloate, EPTC,
molinate, pebulate, and vernolate) in wastewaters.
The method development program consisted of a liter-
ature review; determination of extraction efficiency for
each compound from water Into methylene chloride;
development of a deactivated silica gel cleanup proce-
dure; and determination of suitable gas chromatogra-
phic analysis conditions. The final method was applied
to Columbus Publicly Owned Treatment Works
(POTW) secondary effluent in order to determine the
precision and accuracy of the method.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "Industrial wastes,
"Pesticides, Gas chromatography, Extraction, Water
analyses,	Water	pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Thiocarbamates, "Water
pollution detection, "Municipal wastes, "Sutan, "Ro-
Neet, "Eptam 6E, "Ordram, "Tillam, "Vernam, Publicly
owned wastewater treatment.
PB85-189017/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Determination of Thiophosphates in Industrial
and Municipal Wastewaters - Aspon, Dichlofenth-
ion, Famphur, Fenitrothion, Fonophos, Phosmet,
and Thionazin. Rept. for 4 Aug 81-Sep 83,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
J. S. Warner, T. M. Engel, and P. J. Mondron. Apr 85,
66p EPA/600/4-85/016
Contract EPA-68-03-2956
A method was developed for the determination of
seven thiophosphate compounds (aspon, dichlofenth-
ion, famphur, fenitrothion, fonophos, phosmet, and
thionazin) in wastewaters. The method development
program consisted of a literature review; determination
of extraction efficiency for each compound from water
into methylene chloride; development of a deactivated
Florisil cleanup procedure; and determination of suita-
ble gas chromatographic (GC) analysis conditions. Ex-
traction and cleanup procedures were developed to
provide 85 percent or greater recoveries of these com-
pounds from water. A packed column GC-AFD analy-
sis procedure was also developed. The final method
was applied to wastewater from a manufacturer of
malathion and to Columbus Publicly Owned Treatment
Works (POTW) secondary effluent in order to deter-
mine the precision and accuracy of the method. The
wastewaters were spiked with the seven compounds
at levels of 50 micrograms/l and 500 micrograms/l, re-
spectively. Recoveries for the seven compounds were
in the 85 to 89 percent range at both concentration
levels. Method detection limits (MDLs) for the seven
compounds in distilled water were in the 1 to 20 micro-
grams/l range. MDLs in wastewaters may be higher
due to interfering compounds.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Industrial wastes,
"Pesticides, Gas chromatography, Extraction, Water
analyses,	Water	pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Phosphorothioates, Mal-
athion, 'Water pollution detection, 'Municipal wastes,
Procedures, Sumithion, Mobilawn, Aspon, Imidan,
Publicly owned wastewater treatment, Famphur, Dy-
fonate, Zinophos.
PB85-189025/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmenal Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Determination of MBTS and TCMTB in Industrial
and Municipal Wastewaters. Final rept. Apr-Nov 82,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
J. S. Warner, T. M. Engel, and P. J. Mondron. Apr 85,
46p EPA/600/4-85/028
Contract EPA-68-03-2956
A method was developed for the determination of
MBTS and TCMTB in wastewaters. The method devel-
opment program consisted of: a literature review; de-
termination of extraction efficiency for each compound
from water into methylene chloride; development of a
deactivated silica gel cleanup procedure: and determi-
nation of suitable high performance liquid chromato-
graphic (HPLC) analysis conditions. Recoveries of
MBTS from distilled water ranged from 76 to 94 per-
cent at concentrations ranging from 10 to 1000 micro-
grams/l. Recoveries of TCMTB from distilled water
were greater than 85 percent at concentrations rang-
ing from 10 to 1000 micrograms/l. The method detec-
tion limit (MDLs) for MBTS and TCMTB as determined
in distilled water were 0.5 and 1.0 micrograms/l, re-
spectively. The MDLs in wastewaters may be higher
due to interfering compounds. The final method was
applied to Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW)
secondary effluent to determine the precision and ac-
curacy of the method.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Industrial wastes,
'Pesticides, Gas chromatography, Extraction, Water
analyses,	Water	pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Ultraviolet spectroscopy,
'Water pollution detection, 'Municipal wastes, Silica
gel chromatography, High performance liquid chroma-
tography, MBTS pesticide, TCMTB pesticide.
PB85-189033/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of Parts-per-Bllllon (PPB) Organic Cyl-
inder Gaaes for Use as Audits during Hazardous
Waste Trial Burn Tests,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. K. M. Jayanty, S. W. Cooper, C. E. Decker, and D. J.
von Lehmden. 1985,20p EPA/600/D-85/076
Contract EPA-68-02-3767
A repository of 14 gaseous organic compounds at
parts-per-billion levels (7-430 ppb) in compressed gas
cylinders has been established by the Environmental
Protection Agency. This repository was established to
provide audit materials for use in conducting perform-
ance audits to assess the accuracy and precision of
Principal Organic Hazardous Constituent (POHC)
measurements, especially those performed during
hazardous waste trial burn tests. Five- and nine-com-
ponent mixtures in a balance gas of nitrogen were pre-
pared in aluminum cylinders for use in the performance
audit program. The five-component gas cylinders con-
tain carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, perchloroethy-
lene, vinyl chloride, and benzene. The nine-compo-
nent mixtures contain trichloroethylene, 1,2-dichlor-
oethane, 1,2-dibromoethane, acetonitrile, trichloro-
fluoromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane, bromoeth-
ane, methyl ethyl ketone and 1,1,1-trichloroethane.
Studies of all 14 gaseous organic compounds were
performed to determine the stability of the compounds
and the feasibility of using them in performance audits.
Results indicate that all of the 14 compounds were
adequately stable to be used as reliable audit materi-
als. Subsequent to completion of the stability studies,
several performance audits were conducted using the
repository gases to assess the accuracy and precision
of the volatile organic sampling-train (VOST) and bag
measurement methods. The audit results indicate that
laboratories can use these methods to analyze POHC
with accuracy to usually within + or - 50% of the audit
concentrations.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Gases, 'Auditing,
'Gas cylinders, 'Air pollution, Performance evaluation,
Stability, Sampling, Carbon tetrachloride, Chloroform,
Vinyl chloride, Acetonitrile, Methyl ethyl ketone, Stand-
ards, State government, 'Principal organic hazardous
constituent, * Air pollution detection, Ethylene/perch-
loro. Benzene, Ethylene/trichloro, Ethane/dichloro,
Ethane/dibromo, Methane/fluoro-trichloro, Methane/
dichloro-difluoro, Ethane/bromo, Ethane/trichloro.
PB85-189041/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Integrated Air Pollution Control for Coal-Fired
Utility Boilers: A Computer Model Approach for
Design and Cost-Estimating,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
G. E. Baker, B. A. Laseke, T. C. Ponder, and J. O.
Milliken. 1985,18p EPA/600/D-85/078
Contract EPA-68-02-3693
The paper describes the Integrated Air Pollution Con-
trol System (IAPCS), a computerized program that can
be used to estimate the cost and performance of pre-
combustion, in situ, and post-combustion air pollution
control configurations in pulverized-coai-fired utility
boilers of 100 to 1000 MW. Modular program design
and flexible parameter files allow the user to alter the
design and cost basis of any control technology, opti-
mize the emission/cost output, and identify least-cost
control alternatives. Physical and chemical character-
istics of the flue gas are calculated by material balance
and reported in an emission-reduction summary. The
program tracks changes in gas temperature, pressure,
and volume; fly ash and alkalinity; gaseous pollutants
and components; moisture content; and reagent recy-
cling. Capital and annual cost estimates are presented
in standardized format for easy comparison with other
estimates. Control technologies include physical coal
cleaning, limestone injection multistage burners
(LIMB), low-NOx burners or overfire air ports, spray hu-
midification, dry sorbent injection, dry scrubbing, lime-
stone flue gas desulfurization, electrostatic precipita-
tors, and fabric filters. Integrated combinations of
these can be optimized both for existing boilers and for
new boilers.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, "Boilers,
'Mathematical models, Particles, Electric power
plants, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Cost
analysis, Performance evaluation, Sulfur dioxide, Flue
gases, Design criteria, Comparison, Nitrogen oxides,
Coal cleaning, Electrostatic precipitators, Scrubbing,
Injection, Sorbents, 'Coal fired power plants, * Air pol-
lution abatement, Computer applications, Fabric filters,
Dry methods, Limestone scrubbing, Limestone injec-
tion multistage burners.
PB85-189058/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Acid Deposition Strategies, the LIMB (Limestone
Injection/Multistage Burners) Program and Impli-
cations for Control Technology Requirements,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
R. D. Stern. 1985, 31pEPA/600/D-85/079
The paper summarizes the various acid deposition bills
introduced in the U.S. Congress during the past 2
years and discusses emission sources. A rapidly
emerging technology called Limestone Injection/Mul-
tistage Burners (LIMB), which has the potential for si-
multaneous S02 and NOx control, is described includ-
ing background, current status, and plans. Finally, the
possible implications of legislative alternatives and
their effect on control technology requirements are
presented. Acid rain continues to be a major environ-
mental issue, and the importance of various acid pre-
cursor sources is still under debate. More than 15 bills
that were pending in Congress required large sources
of S02 and/or NOx (two major pollutants resulting
from the combustion of fuels) to reduce their emis-
sions. Coal-fired utility boilers account for about 70%
of the S02 and 20-25% of the NOx emissions in the
U.S. With this scenario, the timeliness and importance
of low-cost control options applicable to these sources
are evident. The breadth and depth of the research
and development activities underway, both foreign and
domestic, testify to the widespread interest in the po-
tential benefits of these control technologies and the
optimistic expectations for success in the on-going
programs.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, 'Boilers,
Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur dioxide. Electric power plants,
Sources, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Per-
formance evaluation, Cost analysis, 'Limestone injec-
tion multistage burners, 'Acid rain, Coal fired power
plants.
PB85-189066/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Hazardous waste Incineration In an
Aggregate Kiln: Florida Sollte Corporation. Sum-
mary rep1„
Monsanto Research Corp., Dayton, OH. Dayton Lab.
D. R. Day, L. A. Cox, and J. A. Peters. Apr 85,112p
SDM-06, EPA/600/2-85/030
Contract EPA-68-03-3025
Aggregate kiln incineration of chlorinated liquid organ-
ic waste was investigated in a one-week program at
Florida Solite Company. POHCs (toluene, tetrachlor-
oethylene, methyl ethyl ketone, and methyl isobutyl
ketone) were monitored in waste and stack emissions.
In addition, stack emissions were monitored for partic-
ulate matter, particulate trace metals, HCI, S02, and
NOx. Process samples were collected and analyzed
for trace metals and chloride. The destruction and re-
moval efficiency of POHCs and the fate of trace metals
and chloride ion in the kiln process were determined.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Incinerators,
'Kilns, Sampling, Gas analysis, Trace elements, Parti-
cles, Hydrogen chloride, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen
oxides, Metals, 'Liquid waste disposal, 'Air pollution
detection, Florida Solite Corporation, Path of pollut-
ants.
PB85-189074/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Color Infrared Aerial Surveys of
Wastewater Soli Absorption Systems. Final rept.,
Urban Systems Research and Engineerinq, Inc., Cam-
bridge, MA.
S. O. Farrell. Apr 85,83p EPA/600/2-85/039
Contract EPA-68-03-3057
Color infrared (CIR) aerial surveys can identify soil ab-
sorption systems in which the effluent rises rather than
percolates into the ground water. This report reviews
the technique's scientific basis and effectiveness, and
discusses the procedures and equipment required for
such surveys, and survey costs.
Keywords: 'Aerial surveys, 'Waste water, 'Soils, 'Ab-
sorption, Aerial photography, Infrared mapping, Color
photography, Evaluation, Cost effectiveness. Septic
tanks, Failure, Percolation, Cost analysis, Photograph-
ic film.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB85-1B9157/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab -Cincin-
nati, OH.
Determination of Neutral Nitrogen-Containing
Pesticides in Industrial and Municipal
Wastewaters - Fenarimol, MGK 264, MGK 326, and
Pronamide. Final rept. Aug 81 -Sep 83,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
J. S. Warner, T. M. Engel, and P. J. Mondron. Apr 85,
60p EPA/600/4-85/018
Contract EPA-68-03-2956
A method was developed for the determination of four
neutral nitrogen-containing compounds (fenarimol
MGK 264, MGK 326, and pronamide) in wastewaters.
The method development program consisted of: a lit-
erature review, determination of extraction efficiency
for each compound from water into methylene chlo-
ride, development of a deactivated Florisil cleanup
procedure, and determination of suitable gas chroma-
tographic analysis conditions. The final method was
applied to wastewaters from a manufacturer of fenari-
mol and a manufacturer of pronamide in order to deter-
mine the precision of accuracy of the method.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "Industrial wastes,
"Pesticides, Gas chromatography, Extraction, Water
analyses,	Water	pollution,
Concentration(Composition), "Water pollution detec-
tion, "Municipal wastes, "Kerb 50W, "MGK repellent
264, "MGK repellent 326, "Fenarimol.
PB85-189702/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
EPA-Supported (Environmental Protection
Agency-Supported) Wasteload Allocation Models,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
T. O. Barnwell, and D. K. Boynton. 1985,13p EPA/
600/D-85/067
Modeling is increasingly becoming part of the Waste-
load Allocation Process. The U.S. EPA provides guid-
ance, technical training and computer software in sup-
port of this program. This paper reviews the support
available to modelers through the Wasteload Alloca-
tion Section of EPA's Office of Water Regulation and
Standards and through the Center for Water Quality
Modeling of EPA's Office of Research and Develop-
ment. The paper also looks to the future of water qual-
ity modeling and the prospect for principles from Artifi-
cial Intelligence increasing the accessibility of these
tools to practitioners.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, "Water pollution, Regula-
tions, Allocations, Standards, Mathematical models,
Toxicity, Computerized simulation, Computer systems
programs.
PB85-189710/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Overview of Selected Freshwater Aquatic Toxi-
cology Research in the U.S. EPA (Environmental
Protection Agency),
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
D. I. Mount. 1985,12p EPA/600/D-85/068
EPA research priorities in aquatic toxicology are estab-
lished by Agency initiatives. Much emphasis is now di-
rected towards shorter, faster toxicity test methods for
pre-market registration of new chemicals and on whole
effluent tests to be used as NPDES Permits. More at-
tention is expected to be given to incorporating the
regulatory strategy to be used with the development of
water quality criteria limits.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Fresh water biology, Tests,
Licenses, Regulations, Organic compounds, Inorganic
compounds, Research projects, Prices, Safety, Envi-
ronmental impacts, Public health, Exposure.
PB85-189728/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Assessment of a Phthalate Ester,
DI-(2-Ethyl Hexyl) Phthalate (OEHP) Derived from
a Marine Microcosm,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
K T Perez E Davey, N. Lackie, G. Morrison, and P.
Murphy, 1985, 25p EPA/600/D-85/070, ERLN-643
This study tested the influence of system complexity
on the environmental assessment of a chemical.
Marine microcosms were perturbed with a phthalate
ester, Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Water pollution,
Assessments, Ecology, Marine atmospheres, Experi-
mental design, "Phthalic acid/bis(ethylhexyl-ester),
"Microcosms, Bioaccumulation, Path of pollutants,
Ecosystems, Water pollution effects(Animals), Water
pollution effects(Humans).
PB85-189736/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Trace Organic Compound Identification: Shannon
Information Content and Pattern Recognition of
Mass Spectra,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
D. R. Scott. 1985,13p EPA/600/D-85/066
The analytical process may be identified with a system
containing three major components: sampling, analy-
sis, and data interpretation. Each component may be
used as a filter to eliminate a large number of organic
compounds from further consideration. Optimization of
the system requires maximum discrimination for each
filter (component). The mass distribution and Shannon
information content of low resolution, binary encoded
mass spectra have been calculated for a set of 78
volatile organic compounds which are routinely sought
in ambient air samples. This set of compounds and
their binary encoded mass spectra will be used as an
example of preselection of variables for SIMCA pattern
recognition using Shannon information content. A total
of 153 different masses in the spectra of the 78 com-
pounds are compressed into a set of 16 key masses.
This set of 16 masses contains a maximum of 13 bits
of information, neglecting correlation between
masses. These 13 bits of information theoretically are
sufficient to distinguish among B200 compounds. The
Shannon information content for different analytical
methods also will be discussed.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "Trace elements, "Or-
ganic compounds, "Pattern recognition, Performance
evaluation, Mass spectroscopy, Sampling, Gas analy-
sis, "Air pollution detection, "Shannon information
content.
PB85-189843/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Laboratory Evaluation of Critical Fluid Extractions
for Environmental Applications. Final rept. Mar 82-
Mar 84,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
R. P. deFilippi, and M. E. Chung. Apr 85, 94p EPA/
600/2-85/045
Contract EPA-68-02-3903
The report gives results of a study of the technical fea-
sibility of using critical fluids (condensed gases or su-
percritical fluids) as extracting solvents to treat oily in-
dustrial wastes. The process has the potential for re-
covering by-product values from the wastes to offset
the operating cost of the treatment. Wastes studied at
bench-scale were: oily mill scale from the steel indus-
try, oil-laden bleaching clays from specialty- and vege-
table-oil decolorization and clarification, and lubricat-
ing oil/water waste emulsions from metal working in
the aluminum and steel industries. Steel mill scales
were successfully de-oiled to below 0.1 wt%, using
condensed-gas hydrocarbon and halocarbon solvents
for extraction, the recovered oil met acceptable fuel
specifications, and credits were sufficient to permit an
attractive payout on the investment in treatment equip-
ment, Spent bleaching clays, used to process silicone
oils and vegetable (soybean) oil, were treated with hy-
drocarbon and halocarbon solvents: most of the oil (up
to 100%) were recovered, an analyzed silicone oil met
product specifications, and the cost of a critical-fluid-
based extraction plant of representative capacity
would pay out favorably due to credits for recovered
oil. Waste lubricating oil emulsions from aluminum-can
forming and combined steel mill operations were de-
oiled using C02 as a solvent near its critical point.
Keywords: "Industrial waste treatment, "Solvent ex-
traction, Cost analysis, Feasibility, Critical point, Labo-
ratory equipment, Operating costs, Emulsions, Alumi-
num industry, "Liquid wastes, "Critical fluids, "Oil
wastes.
PB85-189918/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Determination of Volatile Pesticides in Industrial
and Municipal Wastewaters,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
J. S. Warner, T. M. Engel, P. J. Mondron, and M. C.
Landes. Apr 85, 49p EPA/600/4-85/020
Contract EPA-68-03-2956
A method was developed for the determination of two
volatile pesticides, chloropicrin and ethylene dibro-
mide, in wastewaters. The methods development pro-
gram consisted of; a literature review; determination of
the extraction efficiency for each compound from
water into cyclohexane; and determination of suitable
gas chromatographic analysis conditions. The final
method was applied to two representative
wastewaters spiked at appropriate levels in order to
determine precision and accuracy of the method. For a
wastewater sample spiked with 5 micrograms/l of
chloropicrin and ethylene dibromide, the recoveries
were 98 + or - 12 percent and 69 + or - 6.7 percent,
respectively. For a wastewater spiked at 50 micro-
grams/l of chloropicrin and ethylene dibromide, the re-
coveries were 98 + or - 3.3 percent and 108 + or - 4.8
percent, respectively. Method detection limits (MDLs)
for the two compounds in distilled water were 0.84 mi-
crograms/l for chloropicrin and 0.20 micrograms/liter
for ethylene dibromide. MDLs in wastewaters may be
higher due to interfering compounds.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, 'Industrial wastes,
"Pesticides, Gas chromatography, Extraction, Water
analysis, Water pollution, Concentration(Composition),
Potable water, Mass spectroscopy, "Water pollution
detection, "Municipal wastes, "Volatile organic com-
pounds, Halomethanes, Electron capture detectors,
Chloropicrin, Ethane/dibromo.
PB85-190874/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab -Cincin-
nati, OH.
Determination of Diphenylamine in Industrial and
Municipal Wastewaters. Rept. for 1 Feb 82-30 Apr
83,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
J. S. Warner, T. M. Engel, and P. J. Mondron. Apr 85,
46p EPA/600/4-85/025
Contract EPA-68-03-2956
A method was developed for the determination of di-
phenylamine in wastewaters. The method develop-
ment program consisted of a literature review: determi-
nation of extraction efficiency for each compound from
water using methylene chloride; development of a de-
activated silica gel cleanup procedure; and determina-
tion of suitable gas chromatographic (GC) analysis
conditions. The final method was applied to Columbus
POTW secondary effluent in order to determine the
precision and accuracy of the method. The method de-
tection limit (MDL) for diphenylamine in distilled water
was 1.6 microgram/l. In wastewaters it may be higher
due to interfering compounds.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "Industrial wastes,
"Pesticides, Gas chromatography, Extraction, Water
analyses.	Water	pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Anilines, "Water pollu-
tion detection, "Municipal wastes, Publicly owned
wastewater treatment, Diphenylamine, CAS 122-39-4.
PB8S-190890/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
U.S./U.S.S.R. Symposium on Particulate Control
(3rd) Held at Suzdal, U.S.S.R. on September 10-12,
1979.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Apr 85,345p EPA/600/9-85/011
The proceedings document the Third U.S./U.S.S.R.
Symposium on Particulate Control, September 10-12,
1979, in Suzdal, U.S.S.R. Papers covered such topics
as: predicting back-corona formation and fly ash resis-
tivity, improved electrostatic precipitator (ESP) mathe-
matical modeling, calculating effects of back corona in
wire-duct ESPs, chemical conditioning of flue gas
before an ESP on a 500-MW power unit, sodium condi-
tioning tests with EPA's mobile ESP, fly ash dielectric
properties and critical current density, general industri-
al application of precipitating electrodes for ESPs, per-
formance analysis of a hot-side ESP, dynamics and
strength of corona electrodes in industrial ESPs, ESPs
for use at high temperatures and high pressures,
cleaning hot aspirated air from sinter machines and
clinker coolers, ESP modeling with the TI-59 calcula-
tor, removing fly ash at electric power stations, particle
collection by granular bed filters and dry scrubbers,
filter materials for cleaning gases and possible areas
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
of their application, high temperature ceramic filters,
measuring the size of finely dispersed particles less
than 0.3 micrometer for process gases, particle meas-
urement in the U.S., aerosol dispersion analysis, auto-
matic monitoring of particle-size distributions, measur-
ing the dew point of process emissions, and designing
an improved impactor.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Meetings, "Air pollu-
tion control equipment, Mathematical models, Electro-
static precipitators, Flue gases, Industrial wastes,
Electric power plants, Fly ash, Impactors, Scrubbers,
Design criteria, Coronas, Particles, Fines, Air filters,
Ceramics, Back corona, United Soviet Socialist Re-
public, Granular bed filters.
PB85-190981/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Characterization of the Water Quality of the
Lower Mississippi River,
Grayman (Walter M.), Concinnati, OH.
W. M. Grayman. Apr 85,107p EPA/600/2-85/043
This study was performed to characterize the water
quality of the Lower Mississippi River and to survey the
available data and methods that may be used for
future water quality management studies of this stretch
of river. Primary emphasis was placed on the 150 mile
highly industrialized portion of the river from Baton
Rouge, LA to New Orleans, LA. The concentration of
many organic constituents in the river are character-
ized by significant high frequency, short term vari-
ations. A long term trend towards decreasing concen-
trations of most organics is apparent. There is little cor-
relation of concentrations or joint occurrence between
constituents. A wide array of models and methods
were identified as potentially applicable to the Lower
Mississippi River.
Keywords: "Water treatment, "Water pollution, "Mis-
sissippi River, Toxicity, Mathematical models,
Concentration(Composition), Streams, Monitoring, In-
dustrial wastes, Hydrodynamics, Sediment transport,
Water quality. Organic compounds, Chloroform,
Ethane, Baton Rouge(Louisiana), Dichloroethane.
PB8S-190999/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Marine Ecotoxicological Testing with Crusta-
ceans,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
J. H. Gentile, D. M. Johns, J. A. Cardin, and J. F.
Heltshe. 1984,27p EPA/600/D-85/058, ERLN-681
Prepared in cooperation with New England Aquarium,
Boston, MA. Edgerton Research Lab., and Rhode
Island Univ., Kingston. Pub. in Ecotoxicological Testing
for the Marine Environment, v1 p479-502 1984.
This review focuses on the taxa within the class Crus-
tacea which have been historically used in ecotoxico-
logical testing. The taxa are evaluated for their relative
sensitivity to a variety of toxicants including heavy
metals, pesticides, and petroleum hydrocarbons. In-
cluded in this evaluation are the types of test method-
ologies, the biological endpoints measured and the
life-history stages at which the tests were conducted.
The significance of the crustaceans in ecotoxicological
testing and hazard assessment strategies is dis-
cussed.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Crustacea, Tests, Metals,
Pesticides, Hydrocarbons, Life cycles, Hazards, Regu-
lations, Reprints.
PB85-191070/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of a Prototype Burner for Combined
N0X/S02 Control,
Riley Stoker Corp., Worcester, MA.
R. A. Lisauskas, D. C. Itse, C. C. Masser, and A. R.
Abele. 1985,27p EPA/600/D-85/065
Contract EPA-68-02-3913
Prepared in cooperation with Energy and Environmen-
tal Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
The paper summarizes results of EPA-sponsored large
pilot-scale combustion tests on a Riley Stoker second-
generation low-NOx burner. Parametric tests were
conducted on a single 29 MWt (100 million Btu/hr) pro-
totype burner to determine conditions required for low-
NOx operation and for combined N0x/S02 control.
S02 reductions were evaluated for two sorbents, two
injection locations, and three coals. NOx emissions of
150-250 ppm, corrected to 3% 02, were obtained
under various combustion conditions. S02 reductions
of 31-57%, with no detrimental effect on NOx emis-
sions, were observed.
Keywords: "Burners, "Air pollution control, "Nitrogen
oxides, "Sulfur dioxide, Pilot plants, Combustion prod-
ucts, Industrial wastes, Sorbents, Performance evalua-
tion, "Low nitrogen oxides concentric firing systems.
PB85-191088/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Marine Ecotoxicological Testing In the USA,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
W. Brungs, and C. M. Tarzwell. 1984, 28p EPA/600/D-
85/059, ERLN-682
Pub. in Ecotoxicological Testing for the Marine Envi-
ronment, v1 p137-161 1984.
The development of methods for ecotoxicological test-
ing and of the regulatory framework for their effective
utilization in the United States is discussed from both a
historic and a scientific perspective.
Keywords: "Aquatic biology, "Marine biology, "Toxi-
cology, "United States, Standards, Insecticides, Fungi-
cides, History, Legislation, Government policies, Re-
prints.
PB85-191096/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Preliminary Investigation of the Occurrence of
'Legionella' Spp. and Other Aquatic Bacteria in
Chemically Contaminated Ground Water Treated
by Aeration,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
D. F. Spino, E. W. Rice, and E. E. Geldreich. 1985,10p
EPA/600/D-85/073
Induced draft redwood slat aeration towers are used to
remove volatile organic chemicals from ground water.
This study looks at the effect of the aeration process
upon the microbiological quality of the water. Preaera-
tion and post-aeration water samples were examined
for heterotrophic bacteria, total coliform bacteria and
Legionella spp.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Aeration, "Microorganism
control(Sewage), "Water pollution control, Coliform
bacteria, Bacteria, Potable water, Carcinogens, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Ethylene, "Legionella, Or-
ganic chemicals, Heterotropic bacteria, Ethylene/
trichloro.
PB85-191104/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Porous Pavements and Urban Hydrology,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
R. Field. 1983, 6p EPA/600/D-85/074
Also pub. in Rural and Urban Roads, p48-50 Jul 84.
Porous pavements have potential as a technology for
maintaining predevelopment runoff levels by allowing
infiltration and groundwater recharge. By acting as an
attenuation and runoff reduction device, these pave-
ments can decrease the volume and peak flow rate
and increase lag time. Porous asphalt pavements have
been used in highway and airport runway construction.
This open-graded asphalt mix has been referred to as
'popcorn mix', or 'porous friction course'. The material
is laid to a thickness of 0.75 to 1 in. The resulting pave-
ment has a course surface texture and a high void
space-ratio. The course surface texture provides pres-
sure relief channels to remove water under excess
pressure between the pavement and vehicle tire. Tem-
porary storage is minimal because rainfall is diverted in
nearby drains.
Keywords: "Pavements, "Hydrology, "Urban areas,
Porosity, Roads, Drainage, Land development, High-
way planning, Bitumens, Surface properties, Reprints,
Storm water runoff, Road materials.
PB85-191112/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Storage Stability of Volatile Organic Compounds
in SUMMA (Trade name) Polished Canisters,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. D. Pleil, K. D. Oliver, and W. A. McClenny. 1985,12c
EPA/600/D-85/075
Contract EPA-68-02-4035
Six-liter volume SUMMA polished canisters were filled
with air samples containing certain volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) of environmental interest at con-
centrations at or below 2 ppbv. Samples were periodi-
cally withdrawn from the canisters and analyzed using
capillary-column gas chromatography with cryogenic
sample preconcentration. The study includes analysis
periods of one week and one month to determine stor-
age stability. Synthetic VOC samples in humidified
zero-grade air and spiked VOC samples in ambient air
were tested. Ambient samples were prepared during
peak traffic times to obtain typical air mixtures. Most
compounds tested exhibited stability in concentration
within typical analytical precision. This validates use of
these canisters for collection of whole air samples for
subsequent determination of ppbv-level VOC concen-
trations, at least under typical monitoring conditions.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Gas storage, "Samples,
"Cans, Stability, Organic compounds, Sampling, Gas
chromatography, Experimental design, "Volatile or-
ganic compounds, "Air pollution sampling.
PB85-191120/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Determination of Mercaptobenzothiazole in Indus-
trial and Municipal Wastewaters. Final rept. Apr-
Nov 82,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
J. S. Warner, T. M. Engel, and P. J. Mondron. Apr 85,
45p EPA/600/4-85/026
Contract EPA-68-03-2956
A method was developed for the determination of mer-
captobenzothiazole in wastewaters. The method de-
velopment program consisted of a literature review;
determination of extraction efficiency for each com-
pound from water into methylene chloride; develop-
ment of a deactivated silica gel cleanup procedure;
and determination of suitable liquid chromatographic
analysis conditions. Extraction and cleanup proce-
dures were developed to provide 79 percent or greater
recoveries of mercaptobenzothiazole from the
wastewater. An HPLC analysis method with ultraviolet
detection was also developed. The final method was
applied to Columbus secondary Publicly Owned Treat-
ment Works (POTW) effluent in order to determine the
precision and accuracy of the method. The wastewater
was spiked with mercaptobenzothiazole at levels of 5
micrograms/l and 100 micrograms/l. Recovery for
mercaptobenzothiazole at the 5 microgram/l level was
79 + or - 5 percent. Recovery at the 100 microgram/l
level was 87 + or - 4 percent. The method detection
limit (MDL) in distilled water was 1.7 micrograms/l. The
MDL in wastewaters may be higher due to interfering
compounds.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "Industrial wastes,
"Pesticides, Gas chromatography, Extraction, Water
analyses,	Water	pollution,
Concentration(Composition), "Water pollution detec-
tion, "Municipal wastes, Publicly owned wastewater
treatment, High performance liquid chromatography,
Mercaptobenzothiazole, CAS 149-30-4.
PB8S-191138/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Sources of Copper Air Emissions. Final rept. May
84-Jan 85,
Engineering-Science, inc., Durham, NC.
G. E. Weant. Apr 85,91 p EPA/600/2-85/046
Contract EPA-68-02-3509
The report gives results of a study to update estimates
of atmospheric emissions of copper and copper com-
pounds in the U.S. Source categories evaluated in-
cluded: metallic minerals, primary copper smelters,
iron and steel making, combustion, municipal inciner-
ation, secondary copper smelters, copper compound
production, iron foundries, primary lead smelters, pri-
mary zinc smelters, ferroalloy production, brass/
bronze production, and carbon black production. The
study relied on data in published literature, supple-
mented by EPA test reports and data bases. The ap-
proach used to assess each source category involved:
(1) estimating total particulate emissions, including fu-
gitives; (2) determining the effect of air pollution con-
trol on emissions; (3) estimating the proportion of
copper contained in the total particulates; and (4) esti-
mating copper emissions. Copper emissions estimates
are presented for each source category.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Copper, 'Copper organic compounds,
'Copper inorganic compounds, 'United States, 'Air
pollution control, Sources, Assessments, Iron and
steel industry, Smelters, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Foundries, Carbon black. Particles, 'Fugitive
emissions, Copper smelters, Zinc smelters, Lead
smelters, Stationary sources.
PB85-191146/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Economics of Retrofitting Big Rivers Electric Cor-
poration's Lime-Based FGD (Flue Gas Desulfuriza-
tion) System to Organlc-Acld-Enhanced Lime-
stone Operations. Final rept. Aug 83-Dec 84,
Peabody Process Systems, Inc., Norwalk, CT.
D. Laslo, N. Ostroff, R. Foley, and 0. G. Schreyer. Apr
85, 42p DCN-85-203-001-78-05, EPA/600/7-85/016
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
The report describes the site specific changes re-
quired to convert an existing lime FGD system to a
limestone system enhanced by dibasic acid (DBA) or
adipic acid, and the costs of making such a change. In
1982-83, pilot plant tests were conducted at the R. D.
Green Station of Big Rivers Electric Corporation
(BREC). The final report of the pilot testing included
comparisons of the operating costs of a lime-based
full-size absorber, to those of a retrofit limestone
system enhanced with DBA or adipic acid. Results of
this analysis indicate that an annual cost savings of
$2.6 million could be achieved by converting the exist-
ing BREC lime system to an adipic-acid-enhanced
limestone system, and an annual savings of $3.1 mil-
lion could be achieved by converting to a DBA-en-
hanced system.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Electric power
plants, 'Economic analysis, "Adipic acid. Industrial
wastes, Calcium oxides, Combustion products, Com-
parison, Capitalized costs, Pilot plants, Flue gases,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, "Limestone
scrubbing, Flue gas desulfurization.
PB85-191153/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Evolution of a Regional Water Supply: A Case
Study. Final rept. Sep 81-Feb 85,
Ford (Robert G.), Dallas, TX.
R. G. Ford. Apr 85,108p EPA/600/5-85/001
Contract EPA-68-03-3104
A study was done to describe the development of a re-
ional water supply system around the City of Dallas,
exas, and to summarize the issues surrounding the
regionalization process. Data were gathered from writ-
ten histories of Dallas, the City of Dallas Water Utilities
Department, newspapers, case briefs, testimony from
hearings, memos and letters, city ordinances, legisla-
tive actions, and interviews with participants. A chrono-
logical history is outlined for the water supply develop-
ment and disputes, but activities are also discussed
separately without regard to chronology. No criticism is
offered of any of the involved parties.
Keywords: "Water supply, "Regional planning, Ordi-
nances, Legislation, Interviews, History, Political ob-
jectives, Policies, Reservoirs, Public utilities,
'Dallas(Texas).
PB85-191179/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Reactions of Ozone with Organics in Aqueous So-
lutions. Final rept. Nov 81-Nov 84,
Mississippi State Univ., Mississippi State. Dept. of
Chemical Engineering.
C. H. Kuo. Apr 85, 66p EPA/600/3-85/031
Rates of ozonation of some oraanic pollutants in the
aqueous phase were studied. Experiments were con-
ducted in distilled water with pH varying between 2 and
7; the solution temperature ranged from 5C to 35C. Ar-
omatic amines were very reactive with ozone and the
reactions were second order. The rate of the naphthyl-
amine/ozone reaction increased with temperature.
The aniline/ozone reaction was faster, but was unaf-
fected by temperature changes. The toluene/ozone
reaction exhibited a moderate rate. The order of the re-
action changed with pH changes. PAHs including
naphthalene, anthracene, and phenanthrene reacted
with ozone according to second order kinetics. The re-
332 Vol. 90, No. 24
action between ozone and anthracene was the fastest
of all systems studied and the reaction rate was nearly
independent of acidity.
Keywords: 'Ozonization, 'Reaction kinetics, "Air
water interactions, "Oxidation, "Aromatic compounds,
"Air pollution, Photochemical reactions, pH, Experi-
mental design, Solutions, Mass flow, Water pollution,
Chemical reaction mechanisms.
PB85-191187/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Parametric Evaluation of VOC/HAP (Volatile Or-
ganic Compounds-Hazardous/Toxic Air Pollut-
ants) Destruction via Catalytic Incineration. Final
rept. Oct 83-Dec 84,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. A. Palazzolo, J. I. Steinmetz, D. L. Lewis, and J. F.
Beltz. Apr 85, 316p EPA/600/2-85/041
Contracts EPA-68-02-3171, EPA-68-02-3515
The report describes the use of a pilot-scale catalytic
incineration unit/solvent generation system to investi-
gate the effectiveness of catalytic incineration as a
way to destroy volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
and hazardous/toxic air pollutants (HAPs). Objectives
of the study were to: (1) investigate the effects of oper-
ating and design variables on the destruction efficien-
cy of VOC/HAP mixtures, and (2) evaluate destruction
efficiencies for specific compounds in different chemi-
cal classes. Study results verified that the following
factors affect catalyst performance: inlet temperature,
space velocity, catalyst geometry, compound type,
compound inlet concentration, and mixture composi-
tion. Tests showed that destruction efficiencies ex-
ceeding 98 percent were possible (given sufficiently
high inlet temperatures/low space velocities) for the
following compounds/compound classes: alcohols,
acetates, ketones, cellosolves/dioxane, aldehydes,
aromatics, and ethylene/ethylene oxide. Destruction
efficiencies of at least 97 percent were achieved for
acrylonitrile and cresol. Chlorinated hydrocarbons
were not effectively destroyed with the type of catalyst
used in this study.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Air pollution con-
trol, "Incinerators, 'Catalysis, "Solvents, 'Waste dis-
posal, Toxicity, Performance evaluation, Design crite-
ria, Alcohols, Industrial wastes, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Combustion products, Ketones, Aldehydes,
Aromatic compounds, Ethylene, Ethylene oxide,
"Volatile organic compounds, Cellosolves.
PB85-191195/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Historic Emissions of Sulfur and Nitrogen Oxides
in the United States from 1900 to 1980. Volume 1.
Results. Final rept. Sep 82-Dec 84,
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Durham, NC.
G. Gschwandtner, K. C. Gschwandtner, and K.
Eldridge. Apr 85,117p EPA/600/7-85/009A
Contract EPA-68-02-3511
See also Volume 2, PB85-191203.
The report gives results of an estimate of historic emis-
sions of sulfur dioxide (S02) and nitrogen oxides
(NOx) for Task Group B, Manmade Sources, of the Na-
tional Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
(NAPAP) for each state of the conterminous U.S. The
emissions were estimated by individual source catego-
ry on the state level from 1900 to 1980 for every fifth
year and for 1978. The source categories included
power plants, industrial boilers, industrial processes,
commercial and residential heaters, natural gas pipe-
lines, highway vehicles, off-highway diesel engines,
and all other anthropogenic sources. These emissions
were calculated from salient statistics indicative of fuel
consumption or industrial output estimations of aver-
age statewide fuel properties, and estimates of emis-
sion factors specific to each source category over
time. The emission estimates were then aggregated to
show the emission trends by state, region, and all
states combined. Total state emissions for each year
were then estimated using an interpolation procedure
based on national annual fuel consumption.
Keywords: "Sulfur dioxide, "Nitrogen oxides, "Air pol-
lution control, United States, Sources, Industrial
wastes, Exhaust emissions, Highways, State govern-
ment, Trends, Electric power plants, Pipelines, Natural
gas, Heaters, Residential buildings, Fuel consumption,
"Acid rain, National Acid Precipitation Assessment
Program, Emission factors.
PB85-191203/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Historic Emissions of Sulfur and Nitrogen Oxides
in the United States from 1900 to 1980. Volume 2.
Data. Final rept. Sep 82-Dec 84,
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Durham, NC.
G. Gschwandtner, K. C. Gschwandtner, and K.
Eldridge. Apr 85,651 p EPA/600/7-85/009B
Contract EPA-68-02-3511
See also Volume 1, PB85-191195.
The report gives results of an estimate of historic emis-
sions of sulfur dioxide (S02) and nitrogen oxides
(NOx) for Task Group B, Manmade Sources, of the Na-
tional Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
(NAPAP) for each state of the conterminous U.S. The
emissions were estimated by individual source catego-
ry on the state level from 1900 to 1980 for every fifth
year and for 1978. The source categories included
power plants, industrial boilers, industrial processes,
commercial and residential heaters, natural gas pipe-
lines, highway vehicles, off-highway diesel engines,
and all other anthropogenic sources. These emissions
were calculated from salient statistics indicative of fuel
consumption or industrial output, estimations of aver-
age statewide fuel properties, and estimates of emis-
sion factors specific to each source category over
time. The emission estimates were then aggregated to
show the emission trends by state, region, and all
states combined. Total state emissions for each year
were then estimated using an interpolation procedure
based on national annual fuel consumption.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, "Nitrogen oxides, 'Air pol-
lution control, Tables(Data), United States, Sources,
Industrial wastes, Exhaust emissions, Highways, State
government. Trends, Electric power plants, Pipelines,
Natural gas, Heaters, Residential buildings, Fuel con-
sumption, 'Acid rain, National Acid Precipitation As-
sessment Program, Emission factors.
PB85-191534/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Preliminary Radiological Assessment of Radon
Exhalation from Phosphate Gypsum Piles and In-
active Uranium Mill Tailings Piles,
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
T. R. Horton. Sep 79,22p EPA/520/5-79/004
The EPA Office of Radiation Programs has conducted
a series of studies to determine the radiological impact
of the phosphate mining and milling industry. This
report describes the efforts to estimate cumulative
working level months (CWLM) from radon-222 daugh-
ters produced from radium-226 in phosphate gypsum
piles and how these estimates compare with CWLM
from inactive uranium mill tailings piles. Two Florida
phosphate gypsum piles were selected for radon exha-
lation rate measurements. Indoor radon concentration,
indoor working level, and individual and population
CWLM were computed from the exhalation rate and
source size for each source category. The calculated
results for each source category are tabulated and
compared.
Keywords: 'Radioactive contaminants, 'Industrial hy-
giene, 'Gypsum deposits, Florida, Exposure, Assess-
ments,	Sources,	Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), 'Uranium mills, 'Mill tail-
ings, 'Radon 222, 'Phosphate mining, Solid wastes.
PB85-191542/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Outdoor Smog Chamber Experiments to Test
Photochemical Models: Phase 2. Final rept. May 81-
Apr 84,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Public
Health.
H. E. Jeffries, K. G. Sexton, R. M. Kamens, and M S
Holleman. Apr 85, 224p EPA/600/3-85/029
See also PB82-198S08.
The smog chamber facility of the University of North
Carolina was used to provide experimental data for de-
veloping and testing kinetic mechanisms of photo-
chemical smog formation. In this study, 128 pairs of ex-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
drocarbons and hydrocarbon mixtures. The experi-
ments performed during this three-year project have
been added to the existing UNC data base for model
testing, bringing the total number of pairs of experi-
ments to 346. This report presents an organizational
scheme for these 346 experiments. This scheme en-
ables users of the data to readily access specific por-
tions of the data set. The report also contains guid-
ance to modelers about which experiments should be
simulated to test various aspects of the models and
what order the experiments should be simulated in.
Keywords: 'Test chambers, *Smog, "Air pollution,
'Mathematical models, Experimental design. Photo-
chemistry, Nitrogen oxides, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Hydrocarbons.
PB85-1915S9/HSU	PC A11 /MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Dichlorometh-
ane (Methylene Chloride). Final Report,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
S. Bayard, D. Bayliss, I. Davidson, J. Fowle, and M.
Greenberg. Feb 85,250p* EPA/600/8-82/004F
Prepared in cooperation with Bowman Gray School of
Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
Dichloromethane is used extensively in commercial
and industrial solvent applications. The background at-
mospheric concentration is about 35 ppt. In surface
water and drinking water, measured concentrations
generally have been in the low parts per billion range.
Available data suggest that OCM is biodegradable and
has low aquatic toxicity to aquatic organisms. The
weight of evidence from the available literature indi-
cates that adverse toxicologic (non-genotoxic) effects
in humans are unlikely to occur at ambient air or water
levels found or expected in the general environment.
Available evidence suggests that the teratogenic po-
tential of DCM for humans is minimal. The weight of
evidence with respect to mutagenic potential shows
that OCM is capable of causing gene mutations and
has the potential to cause such effects in exposed
human cells. With regard to cancer, the weight of evi-
dence from experimental animal studies is limited.
When the absence of epidemiological evidence is con-
sidered with the limited animal evidence, the overall
evaluation of DCM using the criteria of the Internation-
al Agency for Research on Cancer is a Group 3 chemi-
cal in that it cannot be classified as to Its carcinogenic
potential for humans.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial hygiene,
'Toxicology, 'Environmental surveys, Chlorometh-
anes, Assessments, Exposure, Water pollution, Car-
cinogens, Air pollution, Surface waters, Potable water,
Mutagens, Epidemiology, Laboratory animals, "Meth-
ane/dichloro, 'Water pollution effects(Humans), "Oc-
cupational safety and health, "Toxic substances, "En-
vironmental health, Cancer, Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB85-191567/HSU	PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
SAI (Systems Applications, Incorporated) Airshed
Model Operations Manuals. Volume 1. User's
Manual. Rept. for Aug 76-Sep 79,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
J. Ames, T. C. Myers, L. E. Reld, D. C. Whitney, and S.
H. Golding. Apr 85,482p EM78-79R2-VOL-1, EPA/
600/8-85/007A
Contract EPA-68-02-2429
See also Volume 2, PB85-191575.
This report presents a general view of the Systems Ap-
plications, Inc. (SAI) Airshed Model as well as detailed
operating instructions for the user. Included are dis-
cussions of all the files needed to run the model, the
data preparation programs that produce each file, the
input formats and data preparation methods, samples
of Input and output, and information flow diagrams that
illustrate the job stream control on any computer.
Chapter II presents a technical summary of the SAI
Airshed Model; Chapter III contains an overview of the
model as a system of computer programs, outlining the
five main functions that must be performed by users
and programs together. Chapter IV discusses some of
the concepts and terms basic to an understanding of
the system, followed in Chapter V by descriptions of
the job control notations that will be used throughout
this manual. Chapters VI through XI examine in detail
the five main functions of the system, providing input
and output definitions and examples, and job control
diagrams for each program that must be exercised.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Air pollution,
Sources, Transport properties, Exhaust emissions, In-
dustrial wastes, Computer programming, Combustion
products, 'Airshed model, 'User manuals(Computer
programs), Atmospheric chemistry, Path of pollutants,
Atmospheric diffusion, Air quality.
PB85-191575/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
SAI (Systems Applications, Incorporated) Airshed
Model Operations Manuals. Volume 2. Systems
Manual. Rept. for Aug 76-Sep 79,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
J. Ames, S. R. Hayes, T. C. Myers, and D. C. Whitney.
Apr 85, 248p EM78-79R2-VOL-2, EPA/600/8-85/
007B
Contract EPA-68-02-2429
See also Volume 1, PB85-191567.
This report describes the Systems Applications, Inc.
(SAI) Airshed Model System from a programmer's
point of view. Included are discussions of all subrou-
tines and how they fit together, run-time core alloca-
tion techniques, internal methods of segment handling
using secondary storage, and detailed definitions of
the structure of each file in the system. This manual
also includes suggestions for implementing the pro-
grams on different computers. The SAI Airshed Model
System consists of 17 programs that communicate
with each other through 17 data files; both the pro-
grams and files are described in detail in this manual.
Chapter II presents an overview of the system, briefly
describing the programs used to perform each of the
five system functions. Chapter III contains guidelines
for implementing the programs, and Chapters IV
through VIII contain detailed descriptions of the pro-
grams by function, including hierarchical subroutine
tables and short module descriptions. Chapter IX con-
tains detailed file structure definitions for each file in
the system.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, "Air pollution,
Sources, Transport properties. Exhaust emissions, In-
dustrial wastes, Computer programs, Combustion
products, "Airshed model, "User manuals(Computer
programs), Atmospheric chemistry, Path of pollutants,
Atmospheric diffusion, Air quality.
PB85-191633/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Filtration of 'Qiardla' Cysts and Other Substances.
Volume 2. Slow Sand Filtration. Final rept. Mar 81-
Feb 84,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins.
W. D. Bellamy, G. P. Silverman, and D. W. Hendricks.
Apr 85,329p EPA/600/2-85/026
See also PB84-212703.
Slow sand filtration research was conducted at Colora-
do State University in two phases, using 1 foot diame-
ter filters. Phase I results showed removal of Giardia
cysts exceeded 99.9 percent for the three hydraulic
loading rates used. The most important operating con-
dition was the development of a biopopulation within
the sand bed. Removals of total coliform bacteria relat-
ed well to the development of the biopopulation within
the sand bed showing, 90 percent removal for a new
sand bed operated at 0.40 m/hr filtration rate, and
99.99 percent removal for a mature sand bed and es-
tablished schmutzdecke operated at 0.04 m/hr. In
Phase II removals of total coliform bacteria ranged
from 60 percent for the filter maintained with no biolog-
ical activity (e.g., chlorinated between tests), to 99.9
percent for the filter having nutrients added. Removal
for the control filter removal averaged 97 percent.
Keywords: "Sand filtration, "Microorganism
control(Water), "Bacteria, Cysts, Giardia, Potable
water, Removal, Turbidity, Particle size, Coliform bac-
teria, Sand filters. Field tests, Tables(Data).
PB85-191666/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Transport of Pollutants In Plumes and Pepes: A
Study of Transport of Pollutants in Power Plant
Plumes, Urban and Industrial Plumes, and Persist-
ent Elevated Pollution Episodes. Final rept.,
Environmental Measurements, Inc., University City,
MO.
W. M. Vaughan. Apr 85,67p EPA/600/3-85/033
Contract EPA-68-02-3411
Because of the increased concern for the regional
nature of secondary air pollutants (e.g., sulfates and
oxidants) the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) sponsored a major field program in the north-
eastern United States during the summer of 1980. Two
EPA field programs were actually carried out simulta-
neously. One addressed persistent elevated pollution
episodes, and the other continued the 1979 northeast
regional oxidant study in developing part of the data
base for the regional oxidant model. Field activities
were based in Columbus, OH. Ten research aircraft
and several mobile and stationary surface monitoring
platforms from three EPA Contractors, seven Federal
Agencies and four Universities participated in the in-
tensive measurement program between 16 July and
15 August 1980. Pollutants measured included S02,
NO, NOx, 03, sulfate, nitrate, and aerosols. This report
describes the Contractors' activities. Their aircraft
logged over 350 flight hours in 100 missions ranging as
far east as Laconia, NH, as far south as Montgomery,
AL, as far west as Texarkana, AR, and as far north as
Saginaw, Ml. Descriptive analyses are summarized for
urban plume missions and regional missions. The qual-
ity assurance program is described, showing the ef-
forts made to develop a well coordinated data base.
Sources for reports and data are provided.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Transport properties,
'Plumes, Electric power plants. Urban area, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Aerial surveys, Sulfur
dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Ozone, Sulfates, Aerosols,
Quality assurance, Information systems, Oxidizers, In-
organic nitrates, 'Air quality, "Northeast
Region(United States), 'Air pollution sampling, 'Per-
sistent elevated pollution episodes.
PB85-191674/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Plumbing Materials and Drinking Water Quality:
Proceedings of a Seminar Held at Cincinnati, Ohio
on May 16-17,1984.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research Div.
Feb 85, 202p EPA/600/9-85/007
Prepared in cooperation with Eastern Research
Group, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
The seminar on Plumbing Materials and Water Quality
was held at the Andrew Breidenbach Environmental
Research Center in Cincinnati, Ohio on May 18 and 17,
1984. The purpose of the seminar was to review drink-
ing water problems related to plumbing materials and
to identify alternative solutions for dealing with these
problems. The proceedings are a compilation of
speaker's papers and panel session reports. The
speaker's topics covered: (1) Plumbing Materials:
Plumbing Materials on Water Quality, and (3) Impact of
Plastic Pipe and Fittings on Water Quality.
Keywords: "Plumbing, "Water pollution, "Meetings,
Potable water, Plastic pipes, Pipes(Tubes), Metals,
Recommendations, Pipe fittings, "Drinking water.
PB85-191682/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Biologic Effects of Low-Level Ionizing Radiation:
Distinguished Lecturer Series,
Veterans Administration Medical Center, New York.
R. S. Yalow. Feb 85,14p EPA/600/M-85/009
This represents the first in a series of lectures spon-
sored by the Agency to present a range of perspec-
tives on controversial environmental and health issues
from the vantage points of distinguished scientists.
The views expressed are, therefore, not necessarily
the views of the U.S. EPA. The lecture discusses what
is known about the health and carcinogenic effects as-
sociated with low doses of ionizing radiation. It points
out the scientific consensus that there are no repro-
ducible studies unequivocally demonstrating the ef-
fects of low-level ionizing radiation and distinguishes
between scientific fact and public policy.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Ionizing radiation, Health, Meetings, "Low
level radiation, "Carcinogenesis, Environmental
issues.
PB85-191690/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Controlling Asbestos Loss from Asbestos-
Cement Pipe in Aggressive Waters. Final rept. Dec
80-Dec 84,
Bellevue Dept. of Public Works, WA.
C. H. Tate, B. L. Ramaley, J. J. Vasconcelos, and B. M.
Chow. Apr 85, 232p EPA/600/2-85/042
Prepared in cooperation with Montgomery (James M.),
Inc., Pasadena, CA.
A project was conducted to evaluate measures for
controlling loss of asbestos fibers from asbestos-
cement (A/C) water distribution pipe under aggressive
water conditions. During Phase 1, water quality data
were analyzed for the distribution system of Bellevue,
Washington, which receives water from the Seattle
Water Dept. The water was shown to be aggressive to
A/C pipe. The pilot tests in Phase 1 evaluated eight
corrosion control strategies. Zinc chloride/pH adjust-
ment was chosen for the Phase 2 field test. Phase 1
also involved the selection of quantitative measures to
determine the hardness of A/C pipe before and after
exposure to aggressive water. Results over time from
the test section with zinc chloride and the control sec-
tion were similar, suggesting that alkalinity and pH in-
creases in effect at the time of the field test may have
acted to protect the pipe from deterioration.
Keywords: "Asbestos, "Fibers, "Water pollution con-
trol, Water distribution, Water pipes, Cements, Losses,
Corrosion, Hardness, Washington(State),
"Bellevue(Washington).
PB85-191708/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Outdoor Smog Chamber Experiments Using Auto-
mobile Exhaust. Final rept. Aug 81-Feb 84,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Public
Health.
H. E. Jeffries, K. G. Sexton, T. P. Morris, M. Jackson,
and R. G. Goodman. Apr 85,321 p EPA/600/3-85/032
Outdoor smog chamber experiments using automobile
exhaust were performed in this study. The purpose of
the study was to provide a data base that modelers
could use to develop new, improved mechanisms for
use in the Empirical Kinetics Modeling Approach
(EKMA). Thirty-three dual smog chamber experiments
were conducted. These included experiments (1) using
exhaust from a 1979 Plymouth Volare or a 1972 Dodge
Charger, (2) comparing exhaust from two cars using
the same gasoline, (3) comparing synthetic auto ex-
haust with real auto exhaust, and (4) comparing auto
exhaust from premium and regular gasoline. Mass
spectrometry and high resolution gas chromatography
were used to quantify the initial concentration of the
auto exhaust organic species.
Keywords: "Smog, "Test chambers, "Exhaust emis-
sions, "Air pollution, Experimental design, Compari-
son, Gas analysis, Mass spectroscopy, Gas chroma-
tography, Concentration(Composition), Mathematical
models, "Air pollution detection, "Automobile exhaust,
"EKMA models.
PB85-191716/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Edison, NJ. Hazard-
ous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Enzyme-Based Detection of Chlorinated Hydro-
carbons in Water. Rept. for Oct 82-Jul 83,
jRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
B H. Offenhartz, and J. L. Lefko. Apr 85, 51 p EPA/
600/2-85/048
Contract EPA-68-03-3113
Also pub. as B and M Technological Services, Inc.,
Cambridge, MA. rept. no. B/M-EPA-82-01.
An enzyme-based approach for detecting hazardous
levels of high molecular weight chlorinated hydrocar-
bons in natural waters has been explored. An exten-
sive review of the literature indicated that the enzymes,
lactate dehydrogenase, carbonic anhydrase, hexokin-
ase phosphorylase and an ATPase are suitable for
field method development. Lactate dehydrogenase
(LDH) was chosen to develop a method that promises
rapid reliable and cost-effective detection. The LDH
catalyzed reaction is used to detect chlorinated hydro-
carbons, which reduce the rate of the reaction by re-
versibly inhibiting the enzyme. The analysis uses pH
detection and takes 5 minutes. So far, the LDH method
has been used to detect aldrin, toxaphene, DDT,
PCBs, pentachlorophenol and 2,4,5,-T at the parts per
million level. A review of the literature suggests that
most organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, polychlorinat-
ed phenols and chlorophenoxy derivatives can be de-
tected by the LDH method. Preliminary investigations
of potential interferants suggest that the LDH method
selectively detects chlorinated hydrocarbons. Work
was begun on immobilizing the enzyme for incorpora-
tion in water monitor and field detector designs. The
LDH method shows potential for use in field devices
and for processing extracts of soils and wastes, as well
as water samples. These method adaptations are rec-
ommended for future work.
Keywords: "Water analysis, "Chlorine organic com-
pounds, "Hazardous materials, "Monitors, Soil analy-
sis, Catalysis, Field tests, Water quality, pH,
Concentration(Composition), Cost effectiveness, Per-
formance evaluation, Enzymes, Pesticides, Sampling,
'Water pollution detection, 'LDH method, "Immobi-
lized enzymes, "Solid wastes, Polychlorinated biphen-
yls.
PB85-191724/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Technical and Economic Evaluation of Organic
Acid Addition to a Commercial FGD System. Final
rept. Aug 83-Dec 84,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
J. M. Burke. Apr 85, 118p RAD-203-001-78-04, EPA/
600/7-85/014
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
The report summarizes the results of organic acid ad-
dition tests at a commercial FGD system. The tests
were conducted at San Miguel Electric Cooperative's
410 MW lignite-fired Unit 1, outside Jourdanton, TX.
During the program, several organic acid mixtures
were tested over a range of operating conditions to de-
termine if the use of organic acids would allow San
Miguel to reduce FGD system operating costs. Based
on the test results, a cost analysis indicated that the
use of organic acid addition at San Miguel will result in
a first-year cost savings of over $600,000. In terms of
cumulative net present worth, the estimated savings
over a 15-year period will be $7.2 million in 1984 dol-
lars.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Electric power
plants, "Organic acids, "Economic analysis. Flue
gases, Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Oper-
ating costs, Cost analysis, Capitalized costs, "Coal
fired power plants, Flue gas desulfurization.
PB85-191740/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Multiple Stringency Version of MOBILE3 Users
Guide. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
D. J. Brzezinski. Apr 85,31p EPA/AA/TSS/IM-85/2
MOBILE3, as with all of the EPA mobile source
models, uses a single stringency to identify the first
year failure rate of TECH I (pre-catalyst) and Tech II
(oxidation catalyst) vehicles in the Inspection and
Maintenance (l/M) program to be modeled. This single
number most often covers a wide range of technol-
ogies and vehicle classes when applied to an l/M pro-
gram which inspects many model years and all vehicle
types. Unless the outpoints used are carefully bal-
anced, the actual failure rate may vary greatly from
model year to model year and vehicle class to vehicle
class. This single stringency input was meant to
reduce the amount of input information necessary to
model an l/M scenario. It is possible for MOBILE3 to
use a separate stringency for each model year of each
vehicle class. The only barrier has been the need to
modify the input stream and appropriate subroutines to
accept and utilize user supplied information. Such
modifications have been done and the results are de-
scribed in this report.
Keywords: "Mathematical models, "Air pollution con-
trol equipment, "Inspection, "Maintenance, Computer
programming, Motor vehicles, Catalysts, "Mobile
source emissions models, "User manuals(Computer
programs), "Catalytic converters(Exhaust systems).
PB85-191930	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, R.I.
Swimming Pattern as an Indicator of the Roles of
Copepod Sensory Systems in the Recognition of
Food. Journal article,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Graduate School of
Oceanography.
E. J. Buskey. C1984, 13p EPA/600/J-84/264,, ERLN-
406
Pub. in Marine Biology 79, p165-175 1984.
The roles of copepod sensory systems in the recogni-
tion of food were investigated using the 'Bugwatcher',
a video-computer system designed to track and de-
scribe quantitatively the swimming patterns of aquatic
organisms. Copepods acclimated, or non-acclimated
to a chemosensory stimulus (filtered phytoplankton ex-
udate) were exposed to combinations of this stimulus
with a mechanosensory stimulus (plastic spheres), and
also to a non-food chemosensory stimulus (morpho-
line). Analysis of swimming patterns indicates that both
chemoreception and mechanoreception contribute to
the recognition of food. (Copyright (c) Marine Biology
79, 165-175 (1984).)
Keywords: "Perception, "Food, "Crustacea, Animal
behavior, Acclimatization, Exposure, Chemoreceptors,
Recognition, Reprints, * Pseudocalanus minutus, Stim-
ulus.
PB85-191971/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Blodegradation of Jet Fuel by Aquatic Microbial
Communities,
Georgia State Univ., Atlanta. Dept. of Biology.
J. C. Spain, and C. C. Sommerville. 1985,22p EPA/
600/D-85/084
Grant EPA-R-809370
This paper describes laboratory experiments that stud-
ied the fate of jet fuel in several types of situations that
could be encountered in the field. Benzene, toluene,
and p-xylene were the only components of the fuel that
dissolved in the water to significant concentrations. All
three compounds volatilized within 24 h and, thus, did
not remain in the water long enough for microbial deg-
radation to affect their fate. Inclusion of sediment (500
mg/l dry weight) did not retard the disappearance of
the fuel components, and rates of disappearance were
identical in controls sterilized with HgCI2.
Keywords: "Biodeteriation, "Petroleum products, "En-
vironmental surveys, "Microorganisms, "Jet engine
fuels,	Experimental	design,
Concentration(Composition), Water pollution, Trans-
port properties, Assessments, Sorption, Benzene, Tol-
uene, Xylene, Path of pollutants.
PB85-192219/HSU	PC A08
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Rapid Assessment of Exposure to Particulate
Emissions from Surface Contamination Sites.
Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
C. Cowherd, G. E. Muleski, P. J. Englehart, and D. A.
Gillette. Feb 85,159p EPA/600/8-85/002
Contract EPA-68-03-3116
Emergency response actions at chemical spills and
abandoned hazardous waste sites often require rapid
assessment of (a) the potential for atmospheric con-
tamination by the chemical or waste compound and (b)
the inhalation exposure of people living in the vicinity
of a surface contamination site. This manual provides
a methodology for rapid assessment of inhalation ex-
posure to respirable particulate emissions from sur-
face contamination sites. Respirable particulate matter
is defined as airborne particles equal to or smaller than
10 micrometers aerodynamic diameter. The methodol-
ogy consists of a site survey procedure, particulate
emission factor equations for wind and mechanical en-
trainment processes, procedures for mapping atmos-
pheric contaminant concentration distributions by scal-
ing the output of pre-solved computer models of re-
gional atmospheric dispersion, and an equation for cal-
culation of inhalation exposure. In addition to the com-
ponents of the methodology, this manual discusses
critical contaminant and site characteristics, describes
assumptions and limitations of the procedures, and
presents example applications.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords. "Hazardous materials, "Air pollution,
"Public health, "Particles, Assessments, Sites, Expo-
sure, Atmospheric dispersion, Wind(Meteorology),
Mathematical models, Concentration(Composition),
Chemical compounds, "Chemical spills, "Land pollu-
tion, "Toxic substances, "Waste disposal, 'Air pollu-
tion effects(Humans), Emission factors.
PB85-192847/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Innovative Thermal Hazardous Waste Treatment
Processes,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
H. M. Freeman. Apr 85, 135p* EPA/600/2-85/049
This report contains discussions of 21 thermal proc-
esses identified by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (U.S. EPA) as innovative processes for treat-
ing or destroying hazardous organic wastes. The sub-
ject processes were identified through two national so-
licitations for innovative processes and several exten-
sive literature surveys. Information about the subject
processes was provided voluntarily by the process de-
velopers. The criteria used for selection of a process
for the report included the innovativeness of the proc-
ess when compared with conventional existing proc-
esses and the potential contribution the process could
make to the evolving field of hazardous waste man-
agement technology.
Keywords.- "Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
"Waste disposal, Performance evaluation, Inciner-
ators, Fluidized bed processing, Oxidation, Pyrolysis,
Fused salts, Catalysis, "Waste management, "Waste
processing, Plasma incinerators. Wet methods. Chem-
ical treatment.
PB85-192946/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Trlmethyltln Reduces Recurrent Inhibition in Rats.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. S. Dyer, and W. K. Boyes. 1984, 5p EPA/600/J-84/
257
Pub. in Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology 6,
n5 p369-371 Sep 84.
Rats with electrodes chronically implanted in the per-
forant path for electrical stimulation, and dentate gyrus
for recording were treated with a single oral adminis-
tration of either saline, 5 mg/kg trimetnyltin (TMT) or 6
mg/kg TMT. Recurrent inhibition was assessed by
paired pulse activation of the perforant path input to
the dentate gyrus. The measure of recurrent inhibition
employed was the ratio of the population spike ampli-
tudes of the responses to the first and second of the
paired stimuli. Inhibition was assessed immediately
before, and at 2,24 and 120 hrs following TMT. The re-
sults indicated a reduction in inhibition as early as 2 hr
following treatment, suggesting that TMT-induced de-
struction of hippocampalpyramidal cells may be sec-
ondary to their over-activation from an uninhibited
mossy fiber system.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Inhibition, Rats, "Trimethyltin
compounds, "Neurotoxins, Electric stimulation, Recur-
rence.
PB85-192953	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Anaerobic Substrate Tolerance in'Sporoboius vir-
ginicus' (L.) Kunth. Journal article,
Delaware Univ., Lewes. Coll. of Marine Studies.
L. A. Donovan, and J. L. Gallagher. c1984,9p EPA/
600/J-84/275
Contract EPA -R-806824
Pub. in American Jnl. of Botany 71, n10 p1424-1431
Oct 84.
The purpose of this study was to determine if and how
the two genetically distinct forms, marsh and dune, of
SporoboTus virginicus, tolerate anaerobic substrates.
The treatments in the hydroponic study, conducted in
the greenhouse for approximately 6 months, involved
growing the marsh and dune forms in aerobic, anaero-
bic, and alternating aeration treatments. Plants were
examined for morphological and physiological re-
sponses to the aeration treatments. In response to the
continuous anaerobic treatment, the dune form of S.
virginicus exhibited increased stolon biomass, but no
difference of total biomass or rhizome aerenchyma
when compared with the aerobic treatment. In re-
sponse to alternating aeration, rhizome aerenchyma
increased, total biomass decreased, and stolon bio-
mass remained constant. Below ground transport of
oxygen enabled the root tissue in all of the aeration
treatments to maintain aerobic respiration. Marsh form
roots did not appear to be respiring anaerobically or
producing ethanol or additional malate at the time of
harvest; however, root respiration was higher in the an-
aerobic and alternating treatments. (Copyright (c)
Amer. J. Bot. 71(10): 1424-1431.1984.)
Keywords: "Marshes, "Substrates, "Sea grasses,
'Tolerances(Physiology), "Anaerobic processes,
Dunes, Plant physiology, Aeration, Morphology, Bio-
mass, Response, Oxygen, Respiration, Aerobic proc-
esses, Comparison, Coasts, Reprints, "Sporobolus vir-
ginicus, Root.
PB85-192961/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Chlordimeform Produces Profound, Selective,
and Transient Changes in Visual Evoked Poten-
tials of Hooded Rats. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
W. K. Boyes, and R. S. Dyer. 1984,17p EPA/600/J-
84/258
Pub. in Experimental Neurology 86, p434-447 1984.
Rat visual function was tested after acute exposure to
chlordimeform (CDM), a formamidine insecticide/acar-
icide. Adult male Long-Evans rats were surgically im-
planted with epidural recording electrodes overlying
visual cortex and tested 1 week later. Pattern reversal-
evoked potentials (PREPs), flash-evoked potentials
(FEPs), and FEP recovery ratios were measured after
acute CDM administration. In the first study, which ex-
amined dose-response relationships, i.p. injections of
0 (saline), 5, 15, or 40 mg/kg CDM-HCI were adminis-
tered 30 min prior to testing. In the second study,
which examined the time course of CDM action,
PREPs and paired-pulse FEPs were recorded 3,6, and
24 h after dosage with either 0 or 40 mg/kg CDM. In
summary, acute exposure to CDM temporarily in-
creased both the amplitude and latency of PREPs, but
only the latency of FEPs.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Pesticides, "Insecticides, "Acar-
icides, 'Chlorine organic compounds, "Visual percep-
tion, Rats, Laboratory animals, 'Formamidines,
'Chlordimeform, Dose rate, Electric stimulation.
PB85-192979	Not available NTIS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Solid Phase Formation and Solution Chemistry of
Nickel In Soils: 2. Experimental. Journal article,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Agronomy.
M. Sadiq, and C. G. Enfield. C1984, 7p EPA/600/J-84/
277
See also PB85-192987.
Pub. in Soil Science, v138 n5 p335-340 Nov 84.
Based on the thermodynamic stability models of Ni
minerals, NiFe204 (nickel ferrite) and Ni3(P04)2 seem
the most probable solid phases that could form in soils
during Ni sorption. An earlfer study showed that the
sorption of Ni in different soils was significantly corre-
lated to suspension pH, total Fe, and surface area, but
was poorly correlated to the cation exchange capacity
of the soils studied. The objective of this research was
to investigate the probability of Ni solid phase forma-
tion in soils.
Keywords: "Soil analysis, 'Nickel, 'Solid phases, 'So-
lutions, "Mathematical models, 'Thermodynamics,
"Environmental surveys, Sorption, pH, Cation ex-
changing, Nickel ferrite, Physiocochemical properties,
Reprints, Nickel phosphates.
PB85-192987	Not available NTIS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Solid Phase Formation and Solution Chemistry of
Nickel In Soils: 1. Theoretical. Journal article,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Agronomy.
M. Sadlq. and C. G. Enfield. c1984,10p EPA/600/ J-
84/276
See also PB85-192979.
Pub. in Soil Science, v138 n4 p261 -270 Oct. 84.
Nickel (Ni) may be an environmental pollutant. It is
phytotoxic as well as zootoxic, especially to marine life.
It results in carcinogenesis and many other metabolic
complications. The main sources of environmental
contamination of Ni are nickel refineries, industrial and
municipal wastes, and auto emissions. No matter what
the sources of environmental contamination, soils and
sediments are the ultimate receptacles of Ni. Nickel is
introduced into human and animal food chains mainly
through water and plants. One way of understanding
the chemical behavior of Ni in soils is by simulating
thermodynamic stability models of various Ni minerals
and solution species in soils. The objectives of this
paper are to develop such stability models of probable
Ni minerals and solution species in soils and to discuss
their role in a soil environment.
Keywords: "Soil analysis, 'Nickel, "Solid phases, 'So-
lutions, "Mathematical models, "Thermodynamics,
"Environmental surveys, Stability, Sediments, Re-
prints.
PB85-192995	Not available NTIS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Occurrence and Distribution of Organic Chemi-
cals In Two Landfill Leachate Plumes. Journal arti-
cle,
Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
M. Reinhard, N. L. Goodman, and J. F. Barker. c1984,
10p EPA/600/J-84/278
Prepared in cooperation with Waterloo Univ. (Ontario).
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v18
n12p953-961 1984.
The spatial distribution of trace organic compounds in
leachate plumes of two sanitary landfills was estab-
lished by using multilevel sampling devices. The major-
ity of the compounds originated from decomposing
plant material and included aliphatic and aromatic
acids, phenols, and terpene compounds. Minor con-
stituents, including chlorinated and non-chlorinated
hydrocarbons, nitrogen-containing compounds, alkyl-
phenol polyethoxylates, and alkyl phosphates, were of
industrial and of commercial origin. Vertical concentra-
tion profiles indicated accumulation of chlorinated sol-
vents beneath the leachate plume. The distribution of
trace organics at the two sites was much more com-
plex than that of inorganics commonly used to map
leachate plumes. This indicates that extensive moni-
toring will be required to predict future impacts.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Spatial distribution, 'Trace ele-
ments, 'Organic compounds, 'Solid waste disposal,
Leaching, Ground water, Sites, Sampling, Chemical
analysis, Reprints, "Water pollution sampling, 'Water
pollution detection, Path of pollutants.
PB85-193001	Not available NTIS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Unsaturated Soli Hydraulic Properties from Redis-
tribution of Injected Water, Journal article,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Agricultural
and Chemical Engineering.
M. M. Shooshtari, L. A. Davis, D. B. McWhorter, and A.
Klute. c1984, 8p EPA/600/J-84/279
Pub. in Transactions of the American Society of Agri-
cultural Engineers, v27, n3 p784-789 1984.
An analytical and experimental investigation of a
matching method for the determination of the param-
eters in the Brooks-Corey K(h) and h(theta) relation-
ships is presented. The method is based upon fitting
an analytically derived response function to the corre-
sponding measured one for one-dimensional redistri-
bution of water injected into the soil. Comparisons of
the parameter values derived by the matching method
with those obtained in independent experiments on six
soils ranging from clay to sand are made. The param-
eters were satisfactorily estimated in most cases.
Keywords: "Water flow, "Soils, 'Hydraulic conductivi-
ty, "Watersheds, Agriculture, Unsaturation, Volume,
Hydraulic gradients, Vacuum, Mathematical models.
Gravity, Clay soils, Sands, Reprints.
PB85-193019	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Dietary Accumulation of PCBs from a Contaminat-
ed Sediment Source by a Demersal Fish ('Leiosto-
mus xanthurus'). Journal article,
Georgia State Univ., Atlanta.
N. I. Rubinstein, W. T. Gilliam, and N. R. Gregory.
C1984, 14p EPA/600/J-84/267
See also AD-A149 415.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology 5, p331-342 Nov 84.
Accumulation and dietary transfer of PCBs from con-
taminated harbor sediments were studied in a labora-
tory food chain. Results demonstrate that contaminat-
ed sediments serve as a source of PCBs for uptake
and trophic transfer in marine systems. Fish exposed
to PCB-contaminated sediments and fed a daily diet of
polychaetes from contaminated sediment accumulat-
ed more than twice the PCB whole-body residues than
fish exposed to the same sediment but fed unconta-
minated polychaetes. Following 20 days of feeding,
the dietaiy contribution of PCBs accounted for 53% of
the total body burden measured in fish, and this per-
centage appeared to be increasing.
Keywords: "Marine biology, "Toxicology, "Chlorinated
hydrocarbons, "Chlorine compounds, "Chemical con-
tamination, "Food chains, Sediments, Accumulation,
Fishes, Diet, Polychaeta, Reprints. "Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls.
PB8S-193027/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Technical Considerations in Regional Aerosol
Modeling,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
C. Seigneur, and H. M. Barnes. 1985,39p EPA/600/D-
85/083
Contract EPA-68-02-4076
This work addresses the theoretical aspects of the be-
havior of aerosol particles in the atmosphere. In par-
ticular, it focuses on mathematical modeling of atmos-
pheric aerosols at the regional scale (3001000 km).
The paper discusses the evolution of the model in a
stepwise fashion. First is considered the mathematical
formulation of the transport mechanisms used.
Second is a synopsis of the physical processes that
affect aerosol dynamics of the aerosol population.
Then, a review of the pertinent chemistry of atmos-
pheric aerosols is given. Various mathematical models
of aerosol dynamics and chemistry and the formulation
of the complete aerosol model are discussed. Con-
cluding remarks include suggestions for future work
such as the treatment of aerosols in clouds and model
evaluation with data.
Keywords: "Aerosols, "Mathematical models, "Air pol-
lution, Transport properties, Dynamics, Particles, Fore-
casting, Technology, "Atmospheric models, Atmos-
pheric chemistry.
PBS5-193043	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Predation of a Spawning Atherinid Fish, 'Menidla
menidia', by Avian and Aquatic Predators. Journal
article,
South Carolina Univ., Columbia. Belle W. Baruch Inst.
for Marine Biology and Coastal Research.
T. Takita, D. P. Middaugh, and J. M. Dean. c1984,10p
CONTRIB-531, EPA/600/J-84/266
Prepared in cooperation with Nagasaki Univ. (Japan).
Also pub. as Environmental Research Lab., Gulf
Breeze, FL. CONTRIB-465.
Pub. in Japanese Journal of Ecology 34, n4 p431-437
Dec 84.
Predation of Atlantic silversides was observed during
spawning runs in the intertidal zone of the North Edisto
River estuary, South Carolina. Snowy egrets, Egretta
thula, and Great egrets, Casmerodius albus, were the
dominant avian predators. Snowy egrets often caught
M. menidia while making frequent low flights, and also
while wading at the water's edge. Individual Snowy
egrets remained unsatiated after consuming up to 21
M. menidia. Great egrets always struck at M. menidia
from a standing position. One individual was satiated
after consuming 114 M. menidia in approximately 90
minutes.
Keywords: "Marine fishes, "Birds, "Estuaries, Flight,
Observation, Food habits, Animal migrations, Animal
behavior, Florida, "Menidia menidia, Atlantic silverside
fish "Predation, "Egretta thula, Snowy egrets, Cas-
merodius albus, Great egrets.
PB85-193050	Not available NTIS
Effects of Urbanization and Stormwater Runoff
on the Food Quality in Two Salmonid Streams.
Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., UH.
336 Vol. 90, No. 24
J. Sloane-Richey, M. A. Perkins, and K. W. Malueg.
C1981, 9p EPA/600/J-81 /669
Prepared in cooperation with Washington Univ., Seat-
tle.
Pub. in Verhandlungen - Internationale Vereinigung
Limnologie 21, p812-818 Oct 81.
The effects that urbanization and stormwater runoff
have on the physical and chemical conditions in natu-
ral streams have been well documented. Altered land
usage in the watershed results in fluctuating hydrologic
regimes which, in turn, destabilize both the channel ge-
ometry and the composition of the streambed. In-
creased peak discharges, rapidly rising and falling hy-
drographs, and channelization cause increased ero-
sion and silt deposition. Nutrient loading, and introduc-
tion of potentially toxic substances also increase as a
further result of disturbance. This study was undertak-
en in order to determine some of the causal relation-
ships between the physical/chemical changes that
occur following urbanization and the biological condi-
tion of a stream system. (Copyright (c) 1981 E.Schwei-
zerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.)
Keywords: "Runoff, "Fishes, "Stream pollution, "Ur-
banization, Channel stabilization. Sediments, Toxicity,
Nutrients, Metals, Reprints, "Storm water runoff, Eco-
systems, Peak discharge.
PB85-193068/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
EPALIT: A Data Management System Applied to
the Control and Retrieval of Technical Reports,
Computer Sciences Corp., Gulf Breeze, FL.
S. M. Means. 1985, 20p EPA/600/D-85/085
Contract EPA-68-01-6639-236
The EPALIT data management system is used by the
EPA Environmental Research Laboratory, Gulf
Breeze, FL, to preserve and manipulate information in
text databases. EPALIT provides the logical resources
for data organization, analysis, and retrieval. It is com-
pletely interactive and permits natural language
searching with full or truncated terms, imbedded word
fragments, and Boolean search strings. The library has
applied this system to the control and dissemination of
its information resources. The Contribution Database,
consisting of the laboratory's in-house and extramural
publications, is the most sophisticated application to
date. EPALIT's features are described in the context of
this Contribution Database and its various report for-
mats illustrated.
Keywords: "Data retrieval, Technical reports, Pesti-
cides, Laboratories, "Data management systems,
"Data bases, Natural language, Text processing,
EPALIT system, Environmental research, Aquatic eco-
systems.
PB85-193076	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Characteristic* of a Fish Colony of 'Poeclliopsis'
and Its Use In Carcinogenicity Studies with 7,12-
Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and Dlethylnitrosa-
mlne. Journal article,
Connecticut Univ., Storrs. Biological Sciences Group.
R. J. Schultz, and M. E. Schultz. c1984,11p EPA/600/
J-84/268
Pub. in National Cancer Institute Monograph 65, p5-13
May 84.
The viviparous fish Poecilliopsis from northwestern
Mexico is characterized according to its potential in
cancer research. A colony of these fishes started in
1961 includes inbred strains of P. lucida (M61-9, M61-
31, M61-35, and S68-4), P. monacha (S68-4 and S68-
5), and P. viriosa (M65-23), which have been demon-
strated by electrophoresis and tissue graft analysis to
be homozygous. All-female species of hybrid origin are
represented by 12 clones which, although highly heter-
ozygous, are genetically identical isogenic and readily
accept within-clone tissue transplants. Two studies are
cited in which hepatic tumors were chemically induced.
Hepatic tumors, initially induced with DENA have been
successfully transplanted into the muscle tissue and
abdominal cavity of members of the same strain.
Keywords: "Fishes, "Genetics, "Carcinogens, "Toxici-
ty, Laboratory animals, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocar-
bons, Nitroso compounds, Amines, Females, Liver,
Neoplasms, Tissues(Biology), Hybridization, Expo-
sure, Mexico, Reprints, Benzathracene/dimethyl,
"Nitrosamine/diethyl, "Poeciliopsis, Clones.
PB85-193084	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Serological Alterations in Carcinogen-Exposed
Teleosts: Procedures for Preparation and Analy-
sis of Samples from Small Fish. Journal article.
University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg.
C. B Meador, R. L. Middlebrooks, and B. J. Martin.
C1984, 9p EPA/600/J-84/269
Pub. in National Cancer Institute Monograph 65, p211-
216 May 84.
To study the effects of environmental carcinogens on
the immune system of Cyprinodon variegatus, the au-
thors had to miniaturize or modify standard immunolo-
gical procedures due to the small size of the fish. Modi-
fications in standard bleeding procedures allowed col-
lection of sufficient serum for most seriological proce-
dures. Serum electrophoresis showed considerable
variation between exposed and unexposed fish as did
qualitative Immunoelectrophoresis techniques. They
successfully adapted a bacteriophage neutralization
procedure for use with the C. variegatus system to
measure antiviral antibodies. The presence of anti-
body-forming cells in spleen suspensions from fish im-
munized with human type 0 erythrocytes was demon-
strated by a modified immune rosette procedure. A
capillary tube procedure was developed for separation
of leukocytes from erythrocytes in blood from C. varie-
gatus.
Keywords: "Fishes, Serology, Blood, Laboratory ani-
mals, Electrophoresis, Antibody formation, Reprints,
"Carcinogens, "Immune tolerance, Cyprinodon varie-
gatus, Environmental pollution.
PB85-193092	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Histopathological Changes in Grass Shrimp Ex-
posed to Chromium, Pentachlorophenol and Dith-
iocarbamates. Journal article,
University of West Florida, Pensacola. Dept. of Biol-
ogy-
K. R. Rao, and ~. G. Doughtie. C1984, 28p EPA/600/
J-84/270
Pub. in Marine Environmental Research 14, p371-395
Aug 84.
This report deals with the histopathological/ultrastruc-
tural changes in various tissues of grass shrimp (Pa-
laemonetes pugio) exposed to hexavalent chromium,
pentachlorophenol (PCP) and two dithiocarbamate for-
mulations: Aquatreat DNM-30 (15% sodium dimethyl
dithiocarbamate plus 15% disodium ethylene bis-dith-
iocarbamate) and Busan-85 (50% potassium dimethyl
dithiocarbamate). The pathological alterations induced
by dithiocarbamates and PCP were most severe and
first evident in the gills. Of the biocides tested, the dith-
iocarbamates caused the most extensive branchial
damage~the so-called black gill syndrome, involving
early melanization and eventual lamellar truncation.
Keywords: "Chromium, "Aquatic animals, Pesticides,
Exposure, Toxicology, Biocides, Reprints, "Water pol-
lution effects(Animals), "Phenol/pentachloro, "Car-
bamic acid/dithio, "Grass shrimps, Busan 85, DNM 30.
PB85-19310O	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Primary Cell Cultures from the Teleost, 'Cyprino-
don variegatus': Culture Establishment and Appli-
cation in Carcinogen Exposure Studies. Journal ar-
ticle,
University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg.
B. J. Martin, R. D. Ellender, S. A. Hillebert, andM. M.
Guess. C1984, 7p EPA/600/J-84/271
Pub. in National Cancer Institute Monograph 65, pl75-
178 May 84.
Methods were developed for aseptic maintenance of
Cyprinodon variegatus fry for extended periods. Pre-
liminary studies indicated that under optimum condi-
tions sterile embryos develop normally for a sufficient
time to function as carcinogenteratogen assay sys-
tems. An embryo-primary cell culture technique was
developed that incorporates, in a single system, cer-
tain characteristics of both intact embryos and primary
cell cultures and allows simultaneous observation of
the effects of carcinogens on the whole organism and
primary cell monolayers. The effective use of these
systems provides one the opportunity to study the ef-
fects of carcinogens on teleosts at the cellular and or-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Fishes, Maintenance, Laboratory animals,
Reprints, "Carcinogens, "Teratogens, "Cyprinodon
variegatus, Teleost, Biological assay, Cultured cells,
Environmental pollution.
PB85-193159/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Long Term Optimum Performance/Corrosion
Tests of Combustion Modifications for Utility Boil-
ers, Host Site: Utah Power and Light Company,
Hunter No. 2. Final rept. May 81-Mar 84,
Exxon Research and Engineerinq Co., Florham Park,
NJ.
J. M. Ferraro, P. S. Natanson, and R. M. Vaccaro. Apr
85, 375p EPA/600/7-85/015
Contract EPA-68-02-2696
See also PB84-102698.
Combustion modifications (e.g., low excess air firing,
staged combustion) can decrease NOx emissions
from coal-fired utility boilers. However, these operating
conditions may affect the rate of tube wall corrosion by
creating chemically reducing environments in the fur-
nace. Therefore, this study was designed to measure
boiler corrosion rates as well as the effects of certain
combustion modifications (CM) for NOx control. This
report deals with Boiler No. 2 at Utah Power and Light
Co.'s Hunter Generating Station in Castle Dale, Utah.
Initially, the boiler was characterized to determine the
short term effects of CM on boiler emissions and per-
formance. Later, NOx and other emissions were moni-
tored continuously during several 30-day periods so
that longer term operations could be evaluated. Final-
ly, a study of corrosion rates inside the furnace helped
to determine the corrosion effects of low-NOx oper-
ation. At Hunter No. 2, a special Low-NOx Concentric
Firing System (LNCFS) was installed by Combustion
Engineering, Inc. The LNCFS deflects some of the
combustion air away from the fuel jets and toward the
furnace walls to decrease both NOx emissions and
corrosion effects. In these tests, the LNCFS together
with other combustion controls were able to decrease
full-load NOx emissions during both normal long term
operation and shorter well-controlled tests using ex-
treme CM,
Keywords: 'Boilers, *Air pollution control, 'Corrosion,
"Electric power plants, Performance evaluation, Sites,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Revisions,
Design criteria. Flue gases, "Combustion modifica-
tions, "Low nitrogen oxides concentric firing systems.
PB85-193266/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Experimental Study of Flow and Dispersion in the
Wakes of Three-Dimensional Low Hills,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
S. P. S. Arya, and P. S. Gadiyaram. 1985,49p EPA/
600/D-85/094
The EPA Meteorological Wind Tunnel was used to
simulate a rural atmospheric boundary layer. Experi-
ments were conducted on flow and dispersion over
three-dimensional, conical hills of two different slopes
(26.5 degrees and 17.5 degrees) whose heights were
1 /3 of the boundary layer depth. These measurements
were made both in undisturbed and disturbed (in pres-
ence of hill) flows, using hot-wire anemometers and
hydrocarbon analyzers. Enhanced vertical and lateral
dispersion were evident in the immediate wake region
of the hill. This phenomenon reflects the increased tur-
bulence levels in the wake. The results of this study
clearly illustrate that the slope of a conical hill is a most
important parameter; it determines the location of flow
separation, the size of the cavity region, and the char-
acteristics of the wake flow dispersion.
Keywords: "Boundary layer flow, "Wakes, "Aerody-
namics, "Flowdistribution, "Hills, "Air pollution, Experi-
mental design. Wind tunnels. Rural area, Turbulent
flow, Mathematical models. "Atmospheric dispersion.
PB8S-193274/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Small Mammal Utilization of Vernal Pools, San
Diego County, California,
Woodward-Clyde Consultants, San Diego, CA.
T. P. Winfield, T. Cass, and K. B. MacDonald. 1985,9p
EPA/600/D-85/081
This study investigated use of a large vernal pool on
local small mammal populations. The vernal pool pro-
vides a potential source of habitat for residence.
Seven species of mammals were captured during the
study. Only Reithrodontomys had a higher estimated
population at the pool than was found at the non-pool
control site. Reithrodontomys reportedly will include in-
sects as a large portion of their diet, thus their abun-
dance at the pool site may reflect the greater availabil-
ity of insects (larvae and adults) as a food source.
There was no evidence of small mammal burrowing or
nesting activity in the dried vernal pool bottom.
Keywords: "Mammals, "Ecology, "Ponds, "Coasts,
Seasonal variations, Spring season, Spatial distribu-
tion, Populations, Abundance, Insects, Feeding stuffs,
California, "Vernal pools, San Diego
County(California).
PB85-193282/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Behavioral Adaptations to Spatially Intermittent
Streams by the Longfin Dace, 'Agosla chrysogas-
ter', (Cyprlnldae),
Woodward-Clyde Consultants, San Diego, CA.
M. Bushdosh. 1985,10p EPA/600/D-85/082
The spatially intermittent stream, with areas containing
surface water separated by lengths of dry streambed,
represents a common aquatic habitat in the Sonoran
Desert. The longfin dace (Agosia chrysogaster) is the
only fish to utilize this habitat consistently. Behavioral
adaptations contribute to the fish's success. Position-
ing in the current minimizes the likelihood of being
stranded by falling water levels, or of being displaced
downstream by floodwaters. Avoidance of the habitat
edges and shallows reduces predation by birds and
mammals. Rapid invasion of suddenly available habitat
during periods of continuous flow, an omnivorous feed-
ing mode, and a capacity to reproduce during most
months of the year allow the longfin dace to better ex-
ploit spatially Intermittent habitat.
Keywords: "Animal behavior, "Fresh water fishes,
"Stream flow, "Sonoran Desert, Floods, Water flow.
Acclimatization, "Agosiachrysogaster, Longfin dace,
Water levels, "Habitats, Predation.
PB85-193290/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Analysis of Drinking Water Systems: A Spatial Ap-
proach,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. M. Clark, and J. A. Goodrich. 1985,12p EPA/600/
D-85/086
There has been a growing interest and awareness of
the use of spatial analysis in water supply engineering.
Normally, spatial location and relationships have been
considered incidental, although many engineering ac-
tivities dealt with the design, construction and provi-
sion of sen/ices over geographically diverse locations.
This paper describes recent examples of spatial analy-
ses as (1) a unifying concept for allocation of costs to
various elements ofwater treatment and delivery; (2) a
link and node (Network) representation of water supply
being integrated with the Water Supply Simulation
Model and maintenance and pipe replacement data to
provide a tool for analyzing 'break and leak reports'
and (3) to predict water quality at various locations in a
water distribution system. Another far reaching exam-
ple of spatial analysis in water supply is the integration
of upstream industrial and toxic dischargers with
design decisions in downstream water treatment.
Keywords: "Water supply, "Water distribution, "Distri-
bution systems, Land use, Demography, Size determi-
nation, Shape, Water pipelines, Mathematical models.
Leakage, Toxicity, Waste disposal, Water treatment,
Allocations, Drinking water, Spatial analysis.
PB85-193308/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Oh.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Response of Chemostat Grown Enteric Bacteria
to Chlorine Dioxide,
Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Medical Microbiology.
M.S. Harakeh, J. C. Hoff, and A. Matin. 1985,11 p
EPA/600/D-85/087
Grant EPA-R-808986
The effect of antecedent growth conditions on the
sensitivity of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Yersinia en-
terocolitica was investigated. The two organisms were
grown in a defined medium supplemented with glu-
cose either in the chemostat or in batch culture, and
the influence of growth rate, temperature and cell den-
sity on the sensitivity was studied. All inactivation ex-
periments were conducted using a dose of 0.25 mg/l
chlorine dioxide in a phosphate buffer saline at pH 7.0
and 23 degrees C. Populations grown under conditions
that resemble natural aquatic environments, e.g., low
temperatures and growth at submaximal rates caused
by nutrient limitation, were more resistant than those
grown at higher temperatures and maximal rates as in
batch culture. The conclusion from this study is that
antecedent growth conditions have a profound effect
on the susceptibility of bacteria to antimicrobial agents
and that batch grown bacteria may not provide a true
indication of the sensitivity of natural populations to
these agents.
Keywords: "Bacteria, "Chlorine dioxide, "Enterobac-
teriaceae, Sensitivity, Growth, "Antimicrobial agents,
Klebsiella pneumoniae, Yersinia enterocolitica.
PB85-193316/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Disinfection Resistance of 'Legionella pneumo-
phila' and 'Escherichia coli' Grown In Continuous
and Batch Culture,
Stanford Univ., CA.
J. C. Hoff, P. V. Rqberts, A. Matin, and J. D. Berg.
1985, 26p EPA/600/D-85/088
Grant EPA-R-808986
Prepared in cooperation with Rio Linda Chemical Co.,
CA.
Legionella pneumophila and Escherichia coli were
grown in continuous culture to simulate nutrient-limit-
ed, sub-optimal growth conditions that are often expe-
rienced in aquatic environments. Washed cultures
were treated with chlorine dioxide (C10(2)) or chlorine
at a dose equal to 0.75 mg/l. Results showed that the
chemostat grown populations of both species were
more resistant to inactivation than were their batch-
culture grown counterparts. C10(2) was shown to be
superior to chlorine on a mass-dose basis in inactivat-
ing L. pneumophila. The adequacy of E. coli, a major
constituent of the coliform group, as an indicator of Le-
gionella inactivation depended on the antecedent
growth conditions: the inactivation behavior of the two
organisms grown in continuous culture was similar,
whereas L. pneumophila was more resistant than E.
coli when both were grown in batch culture.
Keywords: "Disinfection, "Bacteria, Chlorine dioxide,
Cultures(Biology), Dosage, Legionella pneumophila,
Escherichia coli.
PB85-193324/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effect of Diet on Copper Toxicity to 'Neanthes
arenaceodentata' (Annelida: Polychaeta),
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
C. E. Pesch, P. S. Schauer, and M. A.Balboni. 1985,
34p EPA/600/D-85/101, ERLN-635
Prepared In cooperation with Rhode Island Univ.,
Kingston, and JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
Groups of Neanthes arenaceodentata were fed differ-
ent diets for four weeks prior to exposure to copper in
seawater to see if nutritional history would affect toxici-
ty. Diets used were: a combination of cultured fresh
Ectocarpus silicuiosis and Tetra Marin, rehydrated
field-collected and dried Enteromorpha clathrata, and
fresh cultured Enteromorpha. Copper levels in food
were determined after 48 hours in the exposure
system. Diet had an effect on the short term results (4-
to 10-day LC50 values) but not on long term results (28
day LC50 values).
Keywords: "Copper, "Toxicity, "Water pollution, "An-
nelida, Worms, Tests, Sea water, Fresh water, Expo-
sure, Animal nutrition, Reprints, "Neanthes arenaceo-
dentata.
PB85-193332/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Macrolnvertebrate Distribution among Some
Southern California Vernal Pools,
Woodward-Clyde Systems Div., San Diego, CA.
B. Dehoney, and D. M. LaVigne. 1985,9p EPA/600/D-
85/080
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Invertebrates were collected from eight vernal pools
located on Otay Mesa, San Diego County, California
during March and April 1980. Two distinct pool habitats
were found. Pools with a maximum depth greater than
or equal to 14 cm retained water for a period of 1.5 to 3
weeks longer than the shallow pool series. A distinct
species population appeared to be associated with
each pool type. Three groups of species were noted,
one group widely distributed among most of the pools,
a second group generally restricted to the shallow
pools. Possible explanations for this distribution in-
clude predator-prey interactions, life history phenom-
ena, and water chemistry parameters.
Keywords: 'Invertebrates, 'Pools, "Fishes, 'Ecology,
Protection, Spatial distribution, Populations, Life
cycles, Crustacae, Cladocera, Reprints, "Habitats, San
Diego County(California), Predator prey relationships.
PB85-193357/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Sediment Sorption and Abiotic Hydro-
pses. 1. Organophosphorothioate Esters. Journal
article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA,
D. L. Macalady, and N. L. Wolfe. 1985,8p EPA/600/J-
85/029
Pub. in Jnl. of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 33, n2
p167-173 Mar/Apr 85.
The kinetics of hydrolysis of selected organophos-
phorothioate insecticides were determined in sedi-
ment-water samples to define the role of hydrolysis in
the sediment-sorbed state. Investigations with well-
characterized sediments showed that the rates of neu-
tral hydrolysis of chlorpyrifos (0,0-diethyl 0-(3,5,6-trich-
loro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate), diazinon (0,0-diethyl
0-(2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-pyrimidyl) phosphoroth-
ioate), and Ronnel (0,0-dimethyl 0-(2,4,5-trichloro-
phenyl) phosphorothioate) are unaltered when the
compounds are sorbed to sediments. For chlorpyrifos,
the observed rate constants were the same in the
sediment and aqueous phases and similar in magni-
tude to those found for natural water samples. Limited
data for diazinon and Ronnel indicated similar kinetic
behavior for these related compounds. Alkaline hydrol-
ysis rates in the sediment-sorbed phase for chlorpyri-
fos, on the other hand, were slowed considerably rela-
tive to those in the aqueous phase. Experiments indi-
cated that the rate of alkaline hydrolysis in the sorbed
state Is approximately 10 times slower than in the bulk
solution.
Keywords: "Sediments, "Hydrolysis, "Reaction kinet-
ics, "Insecticides, "Diazinon, Water pollution, Sam-
pling, Sorption, Soil analysis, pH, Water chemistry,
Phosphorus organic compounds, Esters, Experimental
design, Desorption, Reprints, "Dursban, "Ronnel,
Phosphorothioic acid/diethyl-(isopropyl-methyl-pyrimi-
dinyl)-ester, Phosphorothioates. Phosphorothioic
acid/(diethyl-ester)-(trichloro-pyridyl), Phosphorothioic
acid/(dimethyl-ester)-(trichlorophenyl-ester).
PB8S-193407/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Technical Guidance on Review and Use of Excess
Emission Reports. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Stationary Source Compliance Div.
L. R. Paley. Sep 84, 51 p EPA/340/1-84/015
The objective of this guidance is to assist EPA Region-
al Offices in proceeding expeditiously, and in a nation-
ally consistent manner, with the review and follow-up
of EER data from NSPS Subpart D and other source
categories where the monitoring system is not the
compliance method. The guidance suggests that
agencies initiate this three-phase EER review and
follow-up program concurrently with the development
of a thorough inventory of CEMS-affected sources and
the determination of the compliance status of these
sources with CEMS installation and operating require-
ments. The guidance recommends the implementation
of a methodical procedure to review and follow-up on
EERs derived from sources which the agency believes
for the most part are in compliance with their emission,
monitoring, and reporting requirements. In general, the
procedures are not designed primarily for use on
known violators or sources which have had a long his-
tory of non-compliance. Although the guidance out-
lines a program primarily based upon Agency experi-
ence with EERs from large boilers, the guidance can
be used for the review and follow-up of EERs derived
from continuous emission monitoring systems required
by most Federally-enforceable regulations (most cur-
rent applications of CEMS data, other than direct com-
338 Vol. 90, No. 24
pliance determinations with emission standards such
as in Subpart Da).
Keywords: "Guidelines, "Regulations, "Air pollution,
Standards, Monitors, Reviews, National government,
Sources, Inspection, Performance evaluation, Air pol-
lution control equipment, Revisions, Air pollution con-
trol, Quality assurance, "Excess emission reports,
"Continuous emission monitoring systems, "Emission
inventories, "New source performance standards, Sta-
tionary sources, Stationary air compliance program, Air
pollution sampling.
PB85-193456/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pollutant Sorption: Relationship to Bioavailability,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
S. W. Karickhoff, and K. R. Morris. 1985,16p EPA/
600/D-85/104
This document focuses on the role of sediment and
sorption processes in bioavailability of environmental
contaminants. A conceptual framework is presented
for evaluating the thermodynamic potential for organic
pollutant uptake by aquatic organisms, with special
emphasis on sediment sources. Also, the role of de-
sorption kinetics (or sorbed chemical accessibility) is
discussed for cases where significant chemical deple-
tion of the sediment in the exposure environment may
result from chemical uptake by the organism.
Keywords: "Sediments, "Sorption, "Water pollution,
"Aquatic animals, "Chemical compounds, Exposure,
Transport properties, Concentration(Composition),
Reaction kinetics, Thermodynamics, Desorption,
Chemical equilibrium, Sources, Exposure, Reprints,
"Bioaccumulation, "Water pollution effects(Animals),
Ocean waste disposal.
PB85-193464	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
influence of Naturally Occurring Humic Acids on
Biodegradation of Monosubstituted Phenols by
Aquatic Bacteria. Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
R. Shimp, and F. K. Pfaender. c1985,8p EPA/600/J-
85/022
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v49
n2 P402-407 Feb 85.
Samples of the microbial community from Lake Michie,
a mesotrophic reservoir in central North Carolina, were
adapted to various levels (100 to 1,000 micrograms/
liter) of natural humic acids in chemostats. Adaptation
to increasing levels of humic acids significantly re-
duced the ability of the microbial communities to de-
grade all three phenols. Short-term exposure of the
community to increasing levels of humic acids had no
significant effect on the ability of the community to de-
grade m-cresol. Thus the suppressive effect of humic
acids on monosubstituted phenol metabolism was the
result of long-term exposure to the humic materials.
Keywords: "Humic acids, "Biodeteriation, "Phenols,
"Aquatic microbiology, "Bacteria, "Water pollution,
Lake Michie, Exposure, Metabolism,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, Natural emis-
sions.
PB85-193472	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Influence of Easily Degradable Naturally Occur-
ring Carbon Substrates on Biodegradation of
Monosubstituted Phenols by Aquatic Bacteria.
Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
R. J. Shimp, and F. K. Pfaender. c1985,10p EPA/600/
J-85/023
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v49
n2p394-401 Feb 85.
The influence of readily degradable, naturally occur-
ring carbon substrates on the biodegradation of sever-
al monosubstitued phenols (m-cresol, m-aminophenol.
p-chlorophenol) was examined. The natural substrate
classes used were amino acids, carbohydrates, and
fatty acids. Samples of the microbial community from
Lake Michie, a mesotrophic reservoir, were adapted to
different levels of representatives from each natural
substrate class in chemostats. After an extended ad-
aptation period, the ability of the microbial community
to degrade the monosubstituted phenols was deter-
mined by using a radiolabeled substrate uptake and
mineralization method. The mechanism responsible
for the enhancement of monosubstituted phenol me-
tabolism was not clearly identified, but the observation
that adaptation to amino acids also increased the bio-
degradation of glucose and, to a lesser extent, naph-
thalene suggests a general stimulation of microbial
metabolism. This study demonstrates that prior expo-
sure to labile, natural substrates can significantly en-
hance the ability of aquatic microbial communities to
respond to xenobiotics.
Keywords: "Phenols, "Biodeterioration, "Aquatic
microbiology, "Bacteria, "Water pollution, Substrates,
Lake Michie, Isotopic labeling, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Metabolism, Reaction ki-
netics, Amino acids, Carbohydrates, Fatty acids, Re-
prints, Natural emissions.
PB85-193480	Not available NTIS
Mutagenicity of Coal Tar Paints Used in Drinking
Water Distribution Systems. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
S. Monarca, and J. R. Meier. C1984,15p EPA/600/J-
84/294
Prepared in cooperation with Perugia Univ. (Italy). Cat-
tedra di Igiene.
Pub. in The Science of the Total Environment 39,
p251-263 1984.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the mutagenicity
of coal tar paints used for coating drinking water tanks
and pipes, as a preliminary screening for potential gen-
otoxic hazards associated with leaching of mutagens
into drinking water during water storage and distribu-
tion. To this end, the Salmonella/microsome assay
was performed on different fractions of two paints. The
fractions were obtained using different fractionation
procedures (a sequential solvent extraction and an
acid-base fractionation) for removing the presence of
inhibitory components. Both fractionation procedures
confirmed an extraordinarily high mutagenicity in both
paints, with metabolic activation, much higher than the
mutagenicity of the unfractionated paints. The acid-
base fractionation was more time-consuming but gave
higher mutagenicity recoveries and provided informa-
tion as to the general nature of the genotoxic constitu-
tents, which were concentrated in the neutral frac-
tions. It is concluded that the application of the Salmo-
nella/microsome assay coupled with both fractiona-
tion methods may give complementary and confirma-
tory data on the genotoxic properties of the coal based
paints, as a screening of the potential mutagenic/car-
cinogenic hazards derived from these materials used
in drinking water distribution systems.
Keywords: "Public health, "Potable water, "Water
pipelines, "Protective coatings, "Mutagens, "Toxicity,
"Paints, "Water tanks, Leaching, Sorption, Dyes, Car-
cinogens, Ribosomes, Acid-base equilibrium, Distilla-
tion, Solvent extraction, Water distribution, Coal tar.
Water storage, Bioassay, Water analysis, Organic sol-
vent, Reprints, "Water pollution detection, Salmonella.
PB8S-193498	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab, OR.
Modification of the Neubauer Technique to
Assess Toxicity of Hazardous Chemicals in Soils.
Journal article,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
J. M. Thomas, and J. F. Cline. C1985,9p EPA/600/J-
85/017
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v4
p201-2071985.
The Neubauer technique was modified to provide a
sensitive and economical phytoassay for soils and sur-
face waters obtained from a chemical waste site. Use
of individual plastic enclosures allowed safe handling
and disposal over the course of the authors experi-
ments. Laboratory tests showed that water from a
holding basin was toxic to wheat plants at dilutions of
less than 1 % and that the authors modified Neubauer
technique produced results compatible with both pot
culture and the standard Neubauer test. Further test-
ing of several inorganic constituents of the basin water
pointed to an organic toxicant, even though the original
water contained high levels of sodium, copper and
other elements. The results of testing 26 samples from
an abandoned waste pond were negative insofar as
toxicity to wheat and lettuoe seeds, whereas samples
from an abandoned ditch allowed the authors to deter-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
depth and suggested that more than one species
should be tested.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, "Soil analysis, 'Hazardous mate-
rials, 'Chemical compounds, "Surface water, "Bioas-
say, Revisions, Assessments, Performance evalua-
tion, Ground water, Experimental design, Economic
analysis, Farm crops, Plant growth, Plants(Botany),
Chemical analysis, Sampling, Pesticides, Reprints,
•Toxic substances, "Liquid waste disposal, "Water
pollution effects(Plants), "Land pollution, "Neubauer
technique, Water pollution detection.
PB85-193506/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Impact of Man on the Coastal Environment,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
T. W. Duke. Aug 82, 128p EPA/600/8-82/021
This volume represents EPA's effort to take stock of
scientific advances in research pertaining to the coast-
al environment since the inception of the Agency and
to gauge what progress has been made and what re-
mains to be accomplished. The essays in this volume
present a range of perspectives on the subject, from
the vantage points of the scientific and technical disci-
plines which have been carrying out relevant research.
The points of view represented are varied and some-
times conflicting. The authors have speculated about
emerging problems and research needs.
Keywords: 'Coasts, "Water pollution, "Ocean environ-
ments, Environmental impacts, Solid waste disposal,
Pesticides, Chesapeake Bay, Chlorine aliphatic com-
pounds, Chlorine organic compounds, Oil pollution,
Hydrocarbons,	Mussels,	Oysters,
Concentration(Composition), Pyrenes, Toxicity, Sedi-
ments, "Kepone, Ecosystems.
PB85-193514/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Cross Species Extrapolation and Hazard Identifi-
cation In Neurotoxlcology. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. S. Dyer. 1984,5p EPA/600/J-84/282
Pub. in Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology, v6
n6 p409-411 Dec 84.
Two issues essential to the cross-species extrapola-
tions process are considered: the endpoints to which
extrapolation is intended (target end points) and the
end points from which extrapolation is intended
(source end points). Different types of target and
source end points are identified and discussed.
Keywords: "Toxicology, 'Neurology, Hazards, Labora-
tory animals, Experimental data. Humans, Extrapola-
tion, Reprints, Dose rate, Health risks.
PB85-193522/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Review of U.S. NOx Abatement Technology,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. D. Mobley, and G. D. Jones. 1985,27p EPA/600/D-
85/105
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
The paper describes U.S. research efforts, demonstra-
tion projects, and commercial applications designed to
control nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from stationary
sources. Research and development of NOx control
techniques in the U.S. has included a variety of com-
bustion-related techniques, as well as selective cata-
lytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with ammonia (NH3). Cur-
rent U.S. emission standards for both utility and indus-
trial boilers will require either low NOx burners or com-
bustion modifications to achieve compliance. The
State of California has more stringent regulations that,
in some cases, require the use of SCR to achieve com-
pliance; however, there have been no commercial ap-
plications to utility boilers. Results from pilot unit test-
ing of SCR have allowed the costs of full scale sys-
tems to be estimated. Current research is directed
toward processes that remove NOx and sulfur oxides
(SOx) simultaneously.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
"Catalysis, "Sulfur oxides, Reviews, Ammonia, Indus-
trial wastes, Combustion products, Pilot plants, Cost
analysis, Reprints, "Catalytic combustion process.
PB85-193530/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Emissions of NOx, SOx, and VOC from Anthropo-
enic Sources,
ngineering-Science, Fairfax, VA.
D. A. Toothman, and J. D. Mobley. 1985,9p EPA/600/
D-85/106
Contract EPA-68-02-3996
The paper addresses the compilation of a 1980 emis-
sions inventory for use in the National Acid Precipita-
tion Assessment Program (NAPAP). The current in-
ventory (Version 4.0) contains point source data for
50,200 plants with more than 201,000 emission points
and area source data for the 3,069 counties in the 48
contiguous States and the District of Columbia. Emis-
sions of S02, NOx, VOC, sulfates, ammonia, CO, and
particulates are included in the inventory, but the paper
focuses on S02, NOx, and VOC which are of primary
interest for acid deposition research. NAPAP Version
4.0 emissions of S02, NOx, and VOC are 27.1, 23.7,
and 23.3 million tons per year, respectively. Emissions
in the NAPAP data base are in reasonable agreement
with the U.S./Canada Work Group 3B and the EPA
Office of Air Quality and Standards emissions trends
estimates. NAPAP fuel use data show reasonable
agreement with fuel values in DOE'S State Energy
Data Report. Version 4.0 of NAPAP represents the
best detailed inventory ol emissions on a national
scale that has been developed to date. Nevertheless,
additional improvements are planned, focusing on
major point sources.
Keywords: "Air pollution, Electric power plants, Mathe-
matical models. Nitrogen oxides, Combustion prod-
ucts, Sulfur dioxide, Information systems, Industrial
wastes, Forecasting, "Emissions inventories, 'Nation-
al Acid Precipitation Assessment Program, "Point
sources, "Acid rain, "Baseline measurements, Volatile
organic compounds.
PB85-193548/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Parameterization of the Atmospheric Boundary
Layer for Air Pollution Dispersion Models,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
A. A. M. Holtslag, S. E. Gryning, J. S. Irwin, and B.
Sivertsen. 1985, 31 p EPA/600/D-85/095
The characteristic features of the turbulent atmospher-
ic boundary layer (ABL) are reviewed by means of
scaling arguments. The goal was to characterize the
meteorological conditions affecting diffusion for trans-
port on the order of 10 km or less. The idealized ABL is
divided into a number of regions, each characterized
by distinct scaling parameters for the turbulence. With
these scaling parameters wind and vertical dispersion
are parameterized. The lateral dispersion is treated
separately. Methods are suggested for estimating the
surface fluxes of heat and momentum, and the mixing
height. These are needed for the characterization of
diffusion within each of the regions of the ABL. The dif-
fusion is often found to be other than Gaussian in the
vertical direction. Several of the models characterize
directly the crosswind integrated concentration at the
surface, thus avoiding whenever justified the assump-
tion of a Gaussian distribution of material in the verti-
cal. Comparisons are presented for the surface re-
leases conducted during Project Prairie and the non-
buoyant elevated releases conducted at Copenhagen.
Keywords: "Boundary layer flow, "Mathematical
models, "Air pollution, "Parametric equations, Turbu-
lent flow, Atmospheric diffusion, Transport properties,
Comparison, Transport properties, Terrain, Boundary
layer stability, "Atmospheric models, "Atmospheric
dispersion.
PB85-193621/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Acute Toxicity of Butyl Benzyl Phthalate to the
Saltwater Fish English Sole, 'Parophrys vetulus'.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
R. C. Randall, R. J. Ozretich, and B. L. Boese. 1983,4p
EPA/600/J-83/291
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v17
n11 p670-672 1983.
The Clean Water Act of 1971 directed the Environ-
mental Protection Agency to establish ambient water
quality criteria for several classes of elements and
compounds, including phthalate esters. Multispecies
acute toxicity data are required to develop these crite-
ria. Static bioassay LC50S for butylbenzyl phthalate
(BBP) for a single species of marine fish based on
nominal doses range from 3 mg/l to 440 mg/l. Flow-
through bioassays were used in this study of BBP with
shiner perch (Cymatogaster aggregata). Using meas-
ured exposure concentrations, 96-hr LC50S averaged
0.51 mg/l.
Keywords: "Perch, "Toxicity, "Flatfishes, "Water pollu-
tion, Standards, National government, Bioassay,
Phthalates, Esters, Exposure, Animal behavior, Indus-
trial wastes, Nervous system, Reprints, "Parophrys ye-
tulus, "Cymatogaster aggregata, Water quality criteria.
PB85-193639/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Acute Toxicity of Butylbenzyl Phthalate to Shiner
Perch, 'Cymatogaster aggregata'. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
R. J. Ozretich, R. C. Randall, B. L. Boese, W. P.
Schroeder, and J. R. Smith. 1983,7p EPA/600/J-83/
290, ERLN-N004
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 12, p655-660 1983.
Butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) is a commerically impor-
tant phthalate ester identified as a priority pollutant by
the Environmental Protection Agency. The Clean
Water Act of 1977 (PL 95-217) requires the Adminis-
trator of the EPA to publish criteria for water quality
that accurately reflect current scientific knowledge of
the extent and effects of pollutants present in water
bodies. Section 304(a)(1) of the Act provides for the
nonregulatory, scientific assessment of ecological ef-
fects. This work was conducted to provide data for
Section 304 on the toxicity of BBP to saltwater fish.
Keywords: "Perch, "Toxicity, "Water pollution, Ecolo-
§y, Phthalates, Esters, A, 'Cymatogaster aggregata,
hiner perch, Parophrys vetulus, English sole, Butyl-
benyl phthalate.
PB8S-193647/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Quality Assurance and Quality Control Data Vali-
dation Procedures Used for the Love Canal and
Dallas Lead Soil Monitoring Programs. Journal arti-
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
K. W. Brown, and S. C. Black. 1983,12p EPA/600/J-
83/296
Pub. in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v3
p113-122 1983.
Public awareness of soils contamination has increased
in recent years due in part to the notoriety associated
with the indiscriminate release, packaging, transport-
ing and disposal of hazardous materials. In 1980, and
again in 1982, the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) was responsible for designing, imple-
menting and conducting environmental monitoring
programs at Love Canal in Niagara Falls, New York,
and in Dallas, Texas, that dealt with suspected con-
taminated soils. Both of these monitoring programs
were conducted over a relatively short time with the
collection and analysis of over 4000 soil samples. The
methods employed by the Environmental Protection
Agency for providing soil data that was scientifically
valid and of defensible quality for each of these moni-
toring programs are presented.
Keywords: "Soils, "Solid waste disposal, "Hazardous
materials, "Love Canal, Monitoring, Contamination,
National Government, Quality assurance, New York,
Reprints, Niagara Falls(New York).
PB86-1936S4/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Neuron-Specific Phosphoproteins as Biochemical
Indicators of Neurotoxicity: Effects of Acute Ad-
ministration of Trimethyltin to the Adult Rat. Jour-
nal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J, P. O'Callaghan, and D. B. Miller. 1984,9p EPA/600/
J-84/263
Pub. in Jnl. of Pharmacology and Experimental Thera-
peutics, v231 n3 p736-743 Dec 84.
The cytoarchitecture of the adult central nervous
system is expressed by proteins specific to individual
cell types. In this investigation, a subclass of these
proteins, the neuron-specific phosphoproteins, was
examined after the administration of trimethyltin
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
(TMT), a neurotoxicant which preferentially damages
neurons in limbic structures. After acute administration
of TMT, effects on neuronal phosphoproteins were ex-
amined by three separate techniques: (1) endogenous
phosphorylation of total synaptic membrane proteins;
(2)	radiometric assay of synapsin I, a neuron-specific
phosphoprotein associated with synaptic vesicles; and
(3)	radioimmunoassay of synapsin I and protein III, an-
other synapsin specific, synaptic vesicle-localized
phosphoprotein. The authors findings are consistent
with the neuropathological effects of this compound
and suggest that neuron-specific phosphoproteins
may be useful biochemical indicators of neurotoxicity.
Keywords: "Central nervous system. Rats, Reprints,
'Neurotoxins, 'Phosphoproteins, 'Trimethyltin com-
pounds.
PB85-193662	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Comparison of Leachable Trace Element Levels
in Coal Gasifier Ash with Levels in Power Plant
Ash. Journal article,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
K. J. Bombaugh, M. Milosavljevic, and T. K. Janes.
C1984, 7p EPA/600/J-84/274
Contract EPA-68-02-3137
Prepared in cooperation with INKOS, Obilic (Yugoslav-
ia).
Pub. in FUEL, v63 p505-509 Apr 84.
The paper gives results of a comparison of the levels
of 14 trace elements in leachates from three types of
ash of a common origin coal. The 1-year study was
conducted at the Kosovo plant in Obilic, Yugoslavia,
comparing coal gasifier ash with fly ash and bottom
ash from a coal-fired power plant using lignite from the
Dobro Solo mine. Results indicate that levels of Sb,
As, Be, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mo, Ni, and Zn in the gasifier ash
leachate were similar to those in fly ash leachate.
Metal oxides, CaO, MgO, Na20, K20, and MnO, in the
Kosovo gasifier ash were found at levels similar to
those in Kosovo fly ash, and (except for K20) were
about twice those in bottom ash. Concentration levels
of all components showed relatively small variations,
averaging 50% of their mean annual concentration
over the test period.
Keywords: 'Fly ash, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Coal gas-
ification, Air pollution control, Electric power plants, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Leaching,
Chemical analysis, Trace elements, Metals,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, Kosovo pro-
gram, Coal fired power plants.
PB8S-193670	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.
Pulmonary Function Effects of 1.0 and 2.0 ppm
Sulfur Dioxide Exposure in Active Young Male
Non-Smokers. Journal article,
California Univ., Santa Barbara. Inst, of Environmental
Stress.
J. F. Bedi, L. J. Folinsbee, and S. M. Horvath. C1984,
6p EPA/600/J-84/280
Grant EPA-R-807890
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association 34,
n11 p1117-1121 Nov 84.
The threshold concentration of sulfur dioxide which will
induce pulmonary function changes in the normal pop-
ulation has not been established. To investigate this
question, the authors exposed nine young healthy
adult non-smoking males for 2 hours to filtered air
(FA), 1.0 ppm sulfur dioxide and 2.0 ppm sulfur dioxide.
In a follow-up study an additional fourteen subjects
were exposed to FA and 1.0 ppm sulfur dioxide condi-
tions. Forced expiratory tests were performed prior to
and following the 2 h exposure, and 5 min after each of
the three 30 minute exercise periods. The work load
during the exercise periods was set to elicit a minute
ventilation of 40 liter BTPS. Thoracic Gas Volume
(TGV), Airway Resistance (Raw), Maximal Voluntary.
Ventilation (MVV) and helium dilution Functional Re-
sidual Capacity (FRC) were also measured before and
after the exposure. In the initial subject group (n = 9),
none of the spirometric tests demonstrated any signifi-
cant effects to the subject from exposure to 1.0 or 2.0
ppm of S02 either after 30 minutes of continuous exer-
cise or 2 hours of intermittent exercise. The only signif-
icant change (p<.05) was an increase in specific
airway resistance (SRaw) following exposure to 1.0 or
2.0 ppm sulfur dioxide. However, when this observa-
340 Vol. 90, No. 24
tion was further studied in the larger (n=23) subject
group exposed to 1.0 ppm S02, neither SRaw nor any
of the other pulmonary function test indicated a signifi-
cant effect of exposure to 1.0 ppm sulfur dioxide.
(Copyright (c) 1984, Air Pollution Control Association.)
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Air pollution, 'Toxicology,
Exposure, Exercise(physiology), Reprints, 'Spiro-
metry, 'Respiratory function tests, Health risks,
Youths, Males, Non smokers.
PB85-193668	Not available NTIS
Fusicoccin and Air Pollutant Injury to Plants. Jour-
nal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. M. Olszyk, and D. T. Tingey. C1984,4p EPA/600/J-
84/291
Prepared in cooperation with California Univ., River-
side. Statewide Air Pollution Research Center.
Pub. in Plant Physiology, v76 p400-402 1984.
Garden peas (Pisum sativum L. cv Alsweet) and a
tomato mutant (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, var
flacca) were sprayed with fusicoccin, a fungal toxin af-
fecting membrane transport properties, before expo-
sure to S02 or 03. Tomatoes treated with 10 micromo-
lar fusicoccin and exposed to S02 (0.7 to 1.0 microliter
per liter for 2 hours) exhibited 2 to 6 times more injury
than untreated plants exposed to S02. Peas treated
with fusicoccin and exposed to 03 had less injury than
untreated plants exposed to 03 (0.1 to 0.3 microliter
per liter for 2 hours). Several lines of evidence sug-
gested that the fusicoccin inhancement of S02 injury
is not the result of increased gas exchange, i.e. the
tomato mutant has permanently open stomata under
all conditions, and in peas fusicoccin had no effect on
S02 or H20 flux in plants exposed to 0.12 microliter
per liter S02. However, a 21 % greater leaf conduct-
ance in fusicoccin treated versus untreated plants indi-
cated the possibility of some differences in gas ex-
change for peas exposed to 1.0 microliter per liter
S02. (Copyright (c) Plant Physiol 1984.)
Keywords: 'Vegetables, 'Air pollution, Peas, Sulfur di-
oxide, Damage, Injuries, Exposure, Tomato plants,
Toxins and antitoxins, Reprints, 'Fusicoccin.
PB85-193696	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Persistence and Fate of Polynuclear Aromatic Hy-
drocarbons Deposited on Slash Burn Sites in the
Cascade Mountains and Coast Range of Oregon.
Journal article,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of General Sci-
ence.
T. J. Sullivan, and M. C. Mix. c1984,8p EPA/600/J-
85/034
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 14, p187-192 Mar 85.
The persistence of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
(PNAH) on slash burn sites and movement of these
compounds between compartments of the sites has
been investigated in the Cascade Mountains and
Coast Range of Oregon. Phenanthrene and fluoran-
thene were gradually lost from the litter, reaching con-
centrations below detection limits (approximately 2g/
ha) less than two years after burning. Higher molecular
weight PNAH were more persistent in the litter, de-
creasing after five years approximately to 19-23% of
initial deposition. Differential persistence and fate of
PNAH on slash burn sites is explained by physical
chemical characteristics of the compounds, such as
solubility, vapor pressure, and octanol-water partition
coefficient.
Keywords: "Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, 'Soil
analysis, 'Litter, 'Coasts, 'Environmental surveys,
Sites, Sampling, Oregon, Chemical analysis, Reprints,
"Path of pollutants, 'Cascade Mountains, 'Slash burn-
ing, Lane County(Oregon), Benton County(Oregon).
PB65-193704	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Susceptibility of Chemostat-Grown 'Yersinia en-
terocoiitlca' and 'Klebsiella pneumoniae' to Chlo-
rine Dioxide. Journal article,
Stanford Univ., CA. School of Medicine.
M S. Harakeh, J. D. Berg, J. C. Hoff, and A. Matin.
C1985,5p EPA/600/J-85/035
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v49
n1 p69-75 Jan 85.
The resistance of bacteria to antimicrobial agents
could be influenced by growth environment. The sus-
ceptibility of two enteric bacteria, Yersinia enterocoli-
tica and Klebsiella pneumoniae, to chlorine dioxide
was investigated. These organisms were grown in a
defined medium in a chemostat and the influence of
growth rate, temperature, and cell density on the sus-
ceptibility was studied. All inactivation experiments
were conducted with a dose of 0.25 mg of chlorine di-
oxide per liter in phosphate-buffered saline at pH 7.0
and 23C. The results indicated that populations grown
under conditions that more closely approximate natu-
ral aquatic environments, e.g., low temperatures and
growth at submaximal rates caused by nutrient limita-
tion, were most resistant. The conclusion from this
study is that antecedent growth conditions have a pro-
found effect on the susceptibility of bacteria to disin-
fectants, and it is more appropriate to use the chemos-
tat-grown bacteria as test organisms to evaluate the
efficacy of a certain disinfectant. (Copyright (c) 1985,
American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Aquatic microbiology, 'Bacteria, 'Kleb-
siella, 'Chlorine oxides, Disinfectants, Resistance, Re-
prints, "Enterobacteriacease, 'Growth conditions. En-
vironmental pollution.
PB85-193712	Not available NTIS
Monitoring for Water Quality: Fixed Stations
versus Intensive Surveys. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
G. van Belle, and J. P. Hughes. C1983,6p EPA/600/J-
83/295
Prepared in cooperation with Washington Univ., Seat-
tle.
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Pollution Control Federation, v55
n4 p400-404 1983.
Since passage of the 1972 Water Pollution Control Act
amendments (PL 92-500), considerable money, man-
power, and research effort have been devoted to un-
derstanding and monitoring water quality in an effort to
satisfy the objectives of this law. The act specified
three major national goals regarding water quality: (1)
Installation of waste treatment facilities throughout the
country; (2) Attainment of an interim goal of water qual-
ity which provides for the protection and propagation
of fish, shellfish, and wildlife and...recreation' by mid-
1983, and (3) Elimination of all discharges by 1985.
The act detailed methods to achieve these goals.
Monies for research and construction were allocated.
Penalities were set, and a system for granting dis-
charge permits and licenses was outlined.
Keywords: 'Law(Jurisprudence), 'Sewage treatment,
'Water pollution, Surveys, Installing, Protection, Shell-
fish, Wildlife, Penalities, Licenses, Reprints, Water Pol-
lution Control Act and Amendments of 1972.
PB85-193720	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
PADRE (Particle Data Reduction): A Computerized
Data Reduction System for Cascade Impactor
Measurements. Journal article Jan 83-Jan 84,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
C. E. Tatsch, W. M. Yeager, and G. L. Johnson. C1984,
8p EPA/600/J-84/292
Contract EPA-68-02-3146
Pub. in JAPCA, v34 n6 p655-660 Jun 84.
The paper describes the Particle Data Reduction
(PADRE) system, developed to attract high-quality
size-mass distribution data for the Fine Particle Emis-
sions Information System (FPEIS), a component of
EPA's Environmental Assessment Data Systems
(EADS). FPEIS is the heart of a comprehensive infor-
mation system for fine particles suspended in gas
streams. PADRE users interactively store, edit,
reduce, and analyze observed impactor data from any-
where in the Continental U.S., with no computing ex-
penses. Extensive data quality checks and computer-
prompted, user-directed program operations are fea-
tured to assist users in obtaining meaningful informa-
tion a few minutes after impactor data are entered.
Design goals, program operation, and sample ses-
sions are discussed, as well as plans for future system
development.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Fines, 'Particle
size distribution, 'Air pollution control, Assessments,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
system, 'Cascade impactors, "Fine particle emissions
information system. Computer applications, Environ-
mental assessment data system.
PB85-193738	Not available NTIS
Mouse Skin Tumor-Initiating Activity of
Benz(e)aceanthrylene and Benz(l)aceanthrylene
in Senear Mice. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. Nesnow, A. Gold, R. Sangaiah, L. L. Triplett, and T.
J. siaga. C1984, 8p EPA/600/J-84/259
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environmental Sciences and En-
gineering, and Oak Ridge National Lab., TN. Biology
Div.
Pub. in Cancer Letters 22, p263-268 1984.
Benz(e)aceanthrylene and benz(1)aceanthrylene, cy-
clopenta-fused derivatives of benz(1)anthracene, have
been reported to be active bacterial cell and mammali-
an cell gene mutagens. In this study they were evaluat-
ed as skin tumor initiators in both male and female
SENCAR mice. Both PAH induced papilloma formation
in the range of 50-1000 nmol/mouse.
Benz(1)aceanthrylene was the most active, being ap-
proximately 4 times as activeas benzo(a)pyrene while
benz(e)aceanthrylene had activity approximately
equivalent to benzo(a)pyrene. These results are in
contrast to those reported for the air pollutant,
cyclopenta(cd)pyrene, another cyclopenta-fused PAH,
which is a weak mouse skin tumor initiator. The au-
thors postulate that these cyclopenta-PAH are formed
by pyrosynthetic routes similar to other environmental
cyclopenta-PAH and that they may be of importance
as contributors to air pollution carcinogenesis. (Copy-
right (c) 1984 Elsevier Scientific Publishers Ireland
Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Bacteria, 'Mutagens, 'Environmental sur-
veys, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Laboratory
animals. Mice, Carcinogens, Public health, Risk, Neo-
plasms, Skin cancer, Toxicity, Reprints, "Benza-
ceanthrylene, Benzanthracene, Cancer.
PB85-193746	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Responses of Plankton Communities In Experi-
mental Ponds to Atrazlne, the Most Heavily Used
Pesticide in the United States. Journal article,
Kansas Univ., Lawrence. Dept. of Systematics and
Ecology.
F. DeNoyelles, W. D. Kettle, and D. E. Sinn. c1982,10p
EPA/600/J-82/443
Grant EPA-R-8066410
Pub. in Ecology 63, n5 p1285-1293 Oct 82.
Experimental ponds received single additions of the
herbicide atrazine in concentrations of 20 and 500 mg/
I, and were compared to control ponds for 136 d. Atra-
zine is an inhibitor of photosynthesis, and both con-
centrations depressed phytoplankton growth in the
ponds within a few days. This was followed by succes-
sional changes leading to the establishment of species
of phytoplankton more resistant to inhibition by atra-
zine. Laboratory studies verified this resistance and
verified effects on other species at concentrations of
atrazine as low as 1-5 mg/l. When and to what extent
resistant species appeared in the phytoplankton com-
munities differed with treatment. At the atrazine con-
centration of 500 mg/l, there was a delayed appear-
ance but eventually a greater biomass and persistence
of these species, the grazing zooplankton influenced
these differences and were in turn affected by them.
(Copyright (c) 1982 by the Ecological Society of Amer-
ica.)
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Herbicides, 'Plankton, 'Ponds,
'Water	pollution,	Photosynthesis,
Concentration(Composition), Competition, Exposure,
Stress(Physiology), Chlorine organic compounds, Ni-
trogen	heterocyclic	compounds,
Tolerances(Physiology), Reprints, 'Atrazine, Triazine/
chloro-ethylamino-isopropylamino, Predation.
PB85-193753	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Evaluation of the Dorset Sheep as a Predictive
Animal Model for the Response of G-6-PD Defi-
cient Human Erythrocytes to a Proposed System-
ic Toxic Ozone Intermediate, Methyl Oleate Hy-
droperoxide. Journal article,
Massachusetts Univ., Amherst. Dept. of Public Health.
E. J. Calabrese, G. S. Moore, and P. S. Williams.
C1983, 7p EPA/600/J-83/289
See also PB85-173201.
Pub. in Veterinary and Human Toxicology 25, n4 p241-
246 Aug 83.
Erythrocytes of both G-6-PD deficient humans and
Dorset sheep, an animal model with an erythrocyte G-
6-PD deficiency, both responded in a dose dependent
manner to the oxidant stress of MOHP as measured by
decreases in G-6-PD activity, increases in METHB
levels and decreases in GSH. However, the human G-
6-PD deficient erythrocytes were considerably more
sensitive to the formation of METHB than the sheep
erythrocytes while the reverse was the case for the
GSH parameter. The results suggest a qualitative dif-
ference in the response of sheep erythrocytes and
human G-6-PD deficient erythrocytes to MOHP that
seriously questions the value of the sheep erythro-
cytes as a quantitatively accurate predictive model.
Keywords: 'Ozone, "Toxicology, Erythrocytes,
Humans, Sheep, Blood cells, Reprints, 'Oleic acid/hy-
droperoxyl-methyl, Animal models.
PB85-193761/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
In vitro Microbiological Mutagenicity and Un-
scheduled DNA Synthesis Studies of Fifteen Pes-
ticides. Final rept. on Phase 3,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
V. F. Simmon, E. S. Riccio, D. E. Robinson, and A. D.
Mitchell. Apr 85, 181 p LSU-3493, EPA/600/1-85/006
Contract EPA-68-01 -2458
Fifteen pesticides being reviewed as part of the EPA
Substitute Chemical Program were examined by SRI
International by several in vitro test procedures, for the
following: Reverse mutation in Salmonella typhimur-
ium strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98, and TA100 and in
Escherichia coli WP2, induction of mitotic recombina-
tion in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae D3, rela-
tive toxicity in DNA repair-proficient and repair-defi-
cient strains of E. coli (strains W3110 and p3478, re-
spectively) and of Bacillus subtilis (strains H17 and
M45, respectively), and, unscheduled DNA synthesis
(UDS) in human fibroblasts (WI-38 cells). None of the
fifteen pesticides demonstrated genetic activity in all
six of the in vitro assays. Bioallethrin was the only pes-
ticide that was mutagenic in the S. typhimurium re-
verse mutation assay. Manzate-D and manzate 200 in-
creased both mitotic recombination in S. cervisiae D3
and UDS in WI-38 cells. Dithane M-22, dithane M-45,
ethylchrysanthemate, and zineb increased mitotic re-
combination in S. cervisiae D3. DL-cis/trans chry-
santhemic acid was genotoxic in the relative toxicity
assay, being more toxic to the repair-deficient (rec(-))
B. subtilis strain M45 than to the repair-proficient
(rec( + )) strain H17.
Keywords: 'In vitro analysis, 'Pesticides, 'Mutagens,
'Deoxyribonucleic acids, 'Environmental surveys,
Microbiology, Toxicity, Bioassay, Experimental design,
Tables(Data), Syntnesis(Chemistry), Biochemistry,
Microorganisms.
PB8S-193837/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Karyologlcal Study of the Calanold Copepod 'Eur-
ytemora afflnis'. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, HI.
P. Vaas, and G. G. Pesch. 1984,5p EPA/600/J-84/
265, ERLN-410
Pub. in Jnl. of Crustacean Biology, v4 n2 p248-251
1984.
Chromosomes of the calanoid copepod Eurytemora
affinis are described. The diploid chromosome number
determined from cells at metaphase is twenty. There
are ten pairs of metacentric chromosomes which can
be divided into three size classes. No evidence of a he-
teromorphic chromosome pair was found. The method
of tissue and slide preparation is described.
Keywords: 'Marine biology, "Crustacea, 'Chromo-
somes, "Mollusca, Genetics, Tissues(biology), Calan-
oid copepod.
PB85-193845/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Biochemical, Functional and Morphological Indi-
cators of Neurotoxicity: Effects of Acute Adminis-
tration of Trlmethyltln to the Developing Rat. Jour-
nal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D. B. Miller, and J. P. O'Callaghan. 1984,10p EPA/
600/J-84/262
Pub. in Jnl. of Pharmacology and Experimental Thera-
peutics 231, n3 p744-751 Dec 84.
The neurotoxic organometal, trimethyltin (TMT), was
administered to rats on postnatal day (PND)5. Neuro-
toxicity was assessed throughout subsequent devel-
opment using morphological, biochemical and func-
tional endpoints. These consisted of brain weight
measures and histology (morphology), assays of nerv-
ous system-specific proteins (biochemistry) and neuro-
behavioral indices of activity and learning (function).
All three indices were affected.
Keywords: Organometallic compounds, Toxicity, Mor-
phology, Bioassay, Rats, Brain, Hippocampus, Behav-
ior, Learning, 'Trimethyltin compounds, 'Neutrotoxins,
Dose rate.
PB85-193852	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Expo-
sure and Gas Stoves on Daily Peak Flow Rates in
Asthmatic and Non-Asthmatic Families. Journal ar-
ticle,
Arizona Univ. Health Sciences Center, Tucson.
M. D. Lebowitz. C1984,10p EPA/600/J-84/261
Grant EPA-R-805318
Pub. in European Jnl. of Respiratory Disease 65, n133
p90-97 1984.
There is substantial agreement that environmental to-
bacco smoke (ETS) produces annoyance and sensory
irritant effects: (1) There is a potential for cardiovascu-
lar and respiratory diseases as well; (2) Certainly, gov-
ernmental agencies are concerned about the interac-
tions of ETS with other gases in the work place, espe-
cially carbon monoxides and oxides with nitrogen; (3)
However, the specific contributions of sidestream
smoke to personal exposures have not been docu-
mented.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, "Air pollution, 'Tobacco,
Smoke, Exposure, Carbon monoxide, Oxides, Nitro-
gen, "Foreign technology, "Indoor air pollution,
Asthma, "Respiratory tract diseases, "Cardiovascular
diseases, "Gas stoves, "Occupational safety and
health.
PB85-193969/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Mutagenicity of Cyclopenta-Fused Isomers of
Benz(a)anthracene In Bacterial and Rodent Cells
and Identification of the Major Rat Liver Microso-
mal Metabolites. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. Nesnow, S. Leavitt, R. Easterling, R. Watts, and S.
H. Toney. Nov 84,14p EPA/600/J-84/260
Pub. in Cancer Research 44, p4993-5003 Nov 84.
The microsomal metabolites and mutagenic activity of
four cyclopenta-fused benz(a)anthracenes;
benz(j)aceanthrylene (B(j)A), benz(e)aceanthrylene
(B(e)A), benz(l)aceanthrylene (B(I)A) and
benz(k)acephenanthrylene (B(k)A) have been studied.
Arocolor-1254 induced rat liver microsomes metabo-
lized B(j)A to: B(j)A-1,2-dihydrodiol, B(j)A-9,10-dihydro-
diol, B(j)A-11,12-dihydrodiol and 10-hydroxy-B(i)A;
B(e)A to: B(e)A-1,2-dihydrodiol, B(e)A-3,4-dihydrodiol,
and B(e)A-5,6-dihydrodial; B(I)A to: B(I)A-1,2-dihydro-
diol, B(l)A-4,5-dihydrodiol and B(l)A-7,8-dihydrodiol;
and B(k)A to B(k)A-4,5-dihydrodiol and B(k)A-89-dihy-
drodiol. With each PAH, metabolism occurred on the
cyclopentaring. All four isomers were active as gene
mutagens in S. typhimurium and in Chinese hamster
V79 cells. In the S. typhimurium mutation studies using
Aroclor-1254 induced rat liver S9, B(j)A, B(e)A, and
B(I)A required significantly less microsomal protein for
maximal mutation response than B(k)A and B(a)P sug-
gesting a one-step activation mechanism, presumably
on the cyclopenta-fused ring. B(j)A, B(e)A, and B(I)A
were significantly more mutagenic than B(k)A and
B(a)P in S. typhimurium.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Mutagens, "Bacteria, "Metabolism,
"Bioassays, 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, "En-
vironmental surveys, Laboratory animals, Rats, Liver,
Toxicity, Public health. Exhaust emissions, Chemical
analysis, Molecular structure, Reprints, "Benzaceanth-
rylene, "Benzacephenanthrylene.
PB85-194488/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Petitions to Delist Hazardous Wastes: A Guidance
Manual.
Industrial Economics, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Apr 85, 205p EPA/530/SW-85/003
Contract EPA-68-01 -6812
Prepared in cooperation with Cadmus Group, Inc., Bel-
mont, MA.
The petition mechanism described in 40 CFR 260.20
and 260.22, allow persons to demonstrate that a spe-
cific waste from a particular generating facility should
not be regulated as a hazardous waste under 40 CFR
261.3f or 261.32. To be excluded petitioners must
show that a waste generated at their facility does not
meet any of the listing criteria and must also demon-
strate that the waste does not exhibit any of the haz-
ardous waste characteristics and does not contain any
other toxicants at hazardous levels. This guidance
manual describes all necessary data which must be in-
cluded in a delisting petition submitted under 40 CFR
260.22. The manual presents a step-wise approach to
compiling a delisting petition, describing and including
examples of each information requirement such as
process descriptions, raw material lists, sampling
plans, and test data. The manual includes a mock or
sample petition as well as necessary test methods.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Manuals, Metal fin-
ishing, Petroleum industry, Electroplating, Industrial
wastes, Regulations, Guidelines, 'Delisting petitions,
Solid wastes, Listings.
PB85-194645/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Filtration of 'Giardia' Cysts and Other Substances.
Volume 3. Rapid Rate Filtration. Final rept. Mar 81-
Feb 84,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Civil Engi-
neering.
M. Y. Al-Ani, J. M. McElroy, C. P. Hibler, and D. W.
Hendricks. Apr 85, 302p EPA/600/2-85/027
See also PB84-212703.
The efficiency of rapid rate filtration for removal of
Giardia lamblia cysts, standard plate count bacteria,
total coliform bacteria, and turbidity was determined
experimentally under a wide range of operating condi-
tions. Percent removal was evaluated by means of a
lab-scale pilot plant at temperatures of 4C and 18C, for
low turbidity water, at hydraulic loading rates of 8 cm/
min (2 gpm/sq ft), 24 cm/min (5 gpm/sq ft) and 33
cm/min (8 gpm/sq ft), for 'in-line' filtration, for three
filter media, and using three chemicals. Testing was
performed also using a 1.3 L/s (20 gpm) field-scale
rapid rate filtration pilot plant. The range of testing was
narrower and focused on ascertaining the findings at
the lab-scale. The results showed that rapid rate filtra-
tion will effectively treat low turbidity water, and will
remove Giardia cysts if proper chemical pretreatment
is used.
Keywords: "Cysts, "Giardia, 'Filtration, "Water treat-
ment, Pilot plants, Turbidity, Hydraulic conductivity,
Field tests, Mountains, Coliform bacteria. Experimental
design, 'Rapid rate filtration, Giardia lamblia, Water
borne diseases, Pretreatment(Water).
PB85-194660/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Polychlorinated Dloxins and Polychlorinated
Furans in Fish from the Great Lakes and Midwest.
Rept. for 1979-83,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
D. DeVault. Oct 84, 49p EPA/905/3-84/006
Data on concentrations of polychlorinated dioxins
(PCDD) and polychlorinated furans (PCDF) in fish from
the Great Lakes and midwest were compiled. While
differences in study design precluded rigorus analysis
several observation were possible. Most samples nave
been analyzed for only 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-
dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD). Those samples which were
342 Vol. 90, No. 24
analyzed for other congeners indicate that penta and
hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins are more common than
2,3,7,8-TCDD. PCDD may be ubiquitous in fish from
the Great Lakes and midwest, occurring above detec-
tion limits in over 80 percent of the samples analyzed.
Areas of Concern (due to 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentra-
tions) include the entire Lake Ontario Basin, Saginaw
Bay (Lake Huron) and the Saginaw River System,
Grand River (Lake Michigan), Niagara River (Lake On-
tario), Lake Erie (at Woodtick, Michigan), Huron River,
Michigan (Lake Erie), Port Clinton, Michigan (Lake
Erie), Wisconsin River (at Pentenwell Flowage), and
the Mississippi River (St. Louis, MO),
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Herbicides, "Water pollu-
tion, "Fishes, "Great Lakes, Bioassay, Chlorine organ-
ic compounds, Concentration(Composition), Furans,
Oxygen heterocyclic compounds, Oxygen organic
compounds, Rivers, "Dioxins.
PB85-194678/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Prevention and Resolution of Contractor Claims:
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Con-
struction Grant Program Guidance for Municipal
Grants.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Municipal Construction Div.
Mar 85,15p
This guidance is an effort to assist grantees in claims
management, to assist reviewing agencies in making
appropriate allowability determinations and to distin-
guish between proper and improper management
practices in specific situations. The guidance dis-
cusses many of the common causes of claims, recom-
mends claim prevention and resolution techniques,
and outlines applicable criteria to be used in claim re-
lated allowability determinations.
Keywords: "Grants, 'Sewage treatment, 'Municipali-
ties, Construction, Management, Allocations, Recom-
mendations, Claims, Sewage treatment plants, Con-
struction Grants Program.
PB85-195519/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
Flathead Basin: An Economic Assessment - Final
1982. Rept. for 1978-82.
Montana Dept. of Administration, Helena.
15MayB2,197p
Grant EPA-R-831601-3
See also PB85-195527.
An evaluation of the Flathead Valley economy; past
present and future, is presented in terms of employ-
ment, unemployment, income, and population. There
is a series of closer looks at the performance and cur-
rent issues in each major economic sector. This report
is part of the environmental impact study which was
done to assess the impacts of population growth and
proposed natural resource development on the Flat-
head River Basin.
Keywords: 'Economic analysis, Employment, Unem-
ployment, Income, Population, Montana, "Flathead
River Basin, Environmental impact.
PB85-195527/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
Final Report of the Steering Committee for the
Flathead River Basin Environmental Impact Study.
Rept. for 1978-83,
Montana Dept. of Administration, Helena.
H. Zackheim. 30 Jun 83,191 p
Grant EPA-R-822201
See also PB85-195519.
The U.S. Congress in 1977 authorized funding for an
'overview environmental impact study,' to assess the
impacts of population growth and proposed natural re-
source development on the Flathead River Basin. The
conclusions and recommendations based on the five
year study are presented.
Keywords: "Economic analysis, Employment, Unem-
ployment, Income, Population, Montana, "Flathead
River Basin, Environmental impact.
PB85-195709	Not available NTIS
Estimation of Bioconcentration in Marine Species
Using Structure-Activity Models. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
G. E. Zaroogian, J. F. Heltshe, and M. Johnson. c1985,
12p EPA/600/J-85/013, ERLN-403A
Prepared in cooperation with Rhode Island Univ.,
Kingston.
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v4
p3-12 1985.
Structure-activity models which were developed to
predict bioaccumulation of organic chemicals in fresh-
water fish, were tested for use with several species of
marine organisms. The results suggest that freshwater
models can be used to predict the bioconcentration
factor of a chemical in marine species, since the
slopes of the freshwater models were within the 95%
confidence intervals for marine models.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, "Fresh water fishes,
"Water pollution, Mathematical models,
Concentration(Composition), Accumulation, Minnows,
Hazards, Residues, Marine fishes, Comparison, Re-
prints, "Cyprinodon variegatus, Pinephales promelas.
PB85-195717	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Biodegradation of Organic Chemicals. Journal arti-
cle,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
M. Alexander. C1985,8p EPA/600/J-85/014
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v19
n2 p106-111 Feb 85.
Purpose of this article is to show that erroneous con-
clusions may be reached from studies or routine tests
with organic chemicals at the levels often employed
for predicting chemical fate in nature. These errors in
extrapolation from high to low concentration may
occur in routine evaluations of biodegradation, careful
assessments of kinetics, or the establishment of prod-
ucts formed in water, soil or sediments.
Keywords: "Biodeteriation, "Organic compounds, "En-
vironmental surveys, Experimental design, Reaction
kinetics, Water pollution, Soil analysis, Sediments,
Concentration(Composition), Microorganisms, Re-
prints, 'Path of pollutants, 'Land pollution.
PB8S-195725	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA,
Effects of Atrazlne on Aquatic Ecosystems: A
Physical and Mathematical Modeling Assessment.
Journal article,
State Univ. of New York Coll. at Plattsburgh.
J. L. Malanchuk, and H. P. Kollig. c1985,15p EPA/
600/J-85/015
Pub. in Validation and Predictability of Laboratory
Methods for Assessing the Fate and Effects of Con-
taminants in Aquatic Ecosystems, ASTM STP 865,
p212-224 1985.
Physical and mathematical models were employed to
determine the effects of atrazine on pH, dissolved
oxygen, and dissolved nutrients in aquatic systems.
The data show that changes in measured variables are
observed in the presence of toxicant but that systems
recover rapidly when toxicant input ceases. Simple
linear donor-controlled mathematical models of nutri-
ent cycles are capable of simulating the effect, al-
though sufficient model detail should be incorporated
to account for direct and indirect effects and to im-
prove verification. System measurements are respon-
sive in terms of disruption and recovery. Changes in
nutrient cycling patterns should be incorporated into
the hazard evaluation process.
Keywords: 'Atrazine, 'Ecology, "Aquatic biology,
'Marine biology, 'Water pollution, Herbicides, Inorgan-
ic nitrates, Inorganic phosphates, Mathematical
models, Nutrients, Hazards, Comparison, Model tests,
Experimental design, Reprints, "Ecosystems, Micro-
cosms.
PB8S-195733	Not available NTIS
Pulsed Positive Ion Negative Ion Chemical Ioniza-
tion Mass Spectrometric Appllcatons to Environ-
mental and Hazardous Waste Analysis. Journal ar-
ticle,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
L. D. Betowski, H. M. Webb, and A. D. Sauter. c1983,
9p EPA/600/J-83/293
Pub. in Biomedical Mass Spectrometry 10, n6 p369-
3761983.
The simultaneous acquisition of both positive ion and
negative ion data under chemical ionization mass
spectrometric conditions can aid in the confirmation of
assignments made by electron impact gas chromatog-
raphy mass spectrometry or electron capture gas
chromatography. Pulsed positive ion negative ion
chemical ionization mass spectrometry coupled with
fused-silica capillary column gas chromatographic
methods is shown to be useful in environmental and
hazardous waste sample analysis. The chemical ioni-
zation conditions which maximize sensitivity and the
amount of molecular ion information for the priority pol-
lutants are presented. Replicates of response factors
for these compounds show good precision. Saturation
is observed about 10 micrograms for those pesticides
which give linear responses from 50 picograms to 1-10
micrograms.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Environmental sur-
veys, 'Chemical analysis, Pesticides, Performance
evaluation, Gas chromatography, Mass spectroscopy,
Reprints, "Chemical ionization mass spectroscopy,
Fused silica capillary column gas chromatography.
PB85-195741/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in
Fish Samples by Vacuum Distillation and Fused
Silica Capillary Gas Chromatography/Mass Spec-
trometry. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
M. H. Hiatt. 1983, 13p EPA/600/J-83/294
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v55 n3 p506-616 Mar 83.
A vacuum distillation apparatus and a procedure de-
veloped for the analysis of fish tissue samples are de-
scribed. The volatile organic compounds are distilled
from the sample and characterized by gas chromatog-
raphy/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) using a fused-
silica capillary column (FSCC). Examples of volatile or-
ganic compounds that can be detected in fish tissue
distillates are provided.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "Vacuum distillation,
"Bioassay, "Fishes, Laboratory equipment, Mass
spectroscopy, Sampling, Gas chromatography, Water
pollution, Reprints, "Volatile organic compounds,
'Water pollution detection, Fused silica capillary gas
chromatography.
PB85-195758	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effect of Methyl Oleate Ozonide, a Possible
Ozone Intermediate, on Normal and G-6-PD Defi-
cient Erythrocytes. Journal article,
Massachusetts Univ., Amherst. Dept. of Public Health.
E.J. Calabrese, G. S. Moore, and P. Williams. c1982,
8p EPA/600/J-82/442
Grant EPA-R-805797
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 29, n4 p498-504 Oct 82.
While ozone (03) has long been recognized as a respi-
ratory tract irritant (STOKINGER 1957, 1965; YOUNG
& SHAW 1964; MENZEL 1976), it has also been un-
equivocally established that it causes a wide variety of
systemic effects including chromosomal aberrations in
circulating lymphocytes (ZELAC et al. 1971, 1971a;
MERZ et al. 1975), alters liver metabolism (GARDNER
1979; GRAHAM et al. 1982), and changes in erythro-
cyte metabolism indicative of oxidant stress (LARKIN
et al. 1978; BUCKLEY et al. 1975). The mechanism by
which 03 affects such systemic changes is unknown.
However, it has been hypothesized that 03 exerts its
toxicity via intermediates (MENZEL et al. 1975). While
the nature of such intermediate(s) is not known, theo-
retical support exists that toxicity may be mediated by
03 induced formation of systemic oxonides and/or hy-
droperoxides (MENZEL 1979). The present study was
designed to evaluate the effects of a possible ozone
intermediate (i.e. methyloleate ozonide (MOO) on the
red blood cells of normal and glucose-6-phosphate de-
hydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficient humans. G-6-PD defi-
cient human erythrocytes have been previously hy-
pothesized as being at greater risk to 03 (CALABRE-
SEet al. 1977) but as yet no direct testing of that hy-
pothesis has been published. (Copyright (c) 1982
Springer-Verlag New York Inc.)
Keywords: 'Erythrocytes, 'Toxicity, 'Ozone, "Blood
analysis, 'Public health, Respiratory systems, Air pol-
lution, Exposure, Statistical analysis, Dosage, Risk,
Reprints, 'Oleic acid/methyl-ozonyl, "Dehydrogen-
ase/glucose-phosphate,	'Air	pollution
effects(Humans), Chemical reaction mechanisms.
PB85-196376/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Land Disposal of Hazardous Waste. Proceedings
of the Annual Research Symposium (11th) Held at
Cincinnati, Ohio on April 29-May 1, 1985. Final rept.
Jul 84-Jul 85.
JACA Corp., Fort Washington, PA.
Apr 85,385p* EPA/600/9-85/013
Contract EPA-68-03-3131
See also PB84-177799.
The Eleventh Annual Research Symposium on land
disposal, remedial action, incineration and treatment
of hazardous waste was held in Cincinnati, OH April 29
through May 1, 1985. The purpose of the Symposium
was to present the latest significant research findings
of ongoing and recently completed projects funded by
the Land Pollution Control Division (LPCD), and the Al-
ternative Technologies Division (ATD) of the Hazard-
ous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory to per-
sons concerned with hazardous waste management.
These proceedings are for Session A, Hazardous
Waste Land Disposal and Session C, LPCD Posters.
Papers presented by Symposium speakers and poster
presentation Abstracts in the areas of (1) Remedial
Action (2) Pollutant Assessment and (3) Pollutant Con-
trol are compiled. Subjects discussed include landfill
design and operation, waste leaching and analyses,
pollutant migration and control, waste modification,
surface impoundments, flexible membrane liners, re-
medial action techniques and underground mine dis-
posal. This document covers Hazardous Waste Land
Disposal only. A separate document concerned with
Hazardous Waste Incineration and Treatment will be
published by the Hazardous Waste Engineering Re-
search Laboratory.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Meetings, "Solid
waste disposal, Earth fills, Design criteria, Leaching,
Transport properties, Revisions, Waste treatment, Lin-
ings, Membranes, Assessments, Air pollution, "Land
disposal, 'Waste management, Surface impound-
ments, Environmental transport, Underground dispos-
al.
PB85-196384/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Toxic Hot Spot Study, South Platte River Along
the Front Range, August and October, 1982,
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
C. E. Runas, M. Martin, D. McDonough, and L. Parrish.
Oct 84, 70p EPA/908/2-84/001
To implement a Consent Decree between the EPA and
the National Resources Defense Council requiring that
EPA identify waters which may have toxic pollution
problems, a two phase study was designed to deter-
mine if any Toxic Hot Spots exist in selected reaches
of the South Platte River and selected tributary and
non-tributary streams along the Front Range. Phase I
was designed to determine if such 'Toxic Hot Spots'
exist and Phase II would focus on those areas defined
in Phase I as 'Toxic Hot Spots' and would include addi-
tional sampling locations. Samples of water, sediment
and aquatic invertebrates were obtained for chemical
and biological examination.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Water pollution, "South Platte
River, Surveys, Sampling, Sediments, Invertebrates,
"Toxic hot spots.
PB85-196418/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of Passive Sampling Devices (PSDs),
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
R. W. Coutant. Apr 85, 74p EPA/600/4-85/034
Contract EPA-68-02-3487
The basic objectives of this study were to evaluate the
performance of the EPA passive sampling device
(PSD) for sampling of ambient level volatile organic
compounds (VOC's); to develop an understanding of
the mechanics of passive sampling using reversible
adsorption; and to apply this understanding to devel-
opment of an improved PSD that is usable for sampling
of VOC's over periods of 8 to 24 hours. Laboratory and
limited field evaluations of the standard and modified
PSD's were conducted and a model relating sorbent
properties and device design to sampling rates was
developed. The results show the standard PSD's to be
useful for sampling of VOC's having large retention
volumes. Modified PSD's having greatly reduced sam-
pling rates show promise for sampling compounds
having retention volumes as low as 5 to 10 L/g over 8
to 24 hour sampling periods. The use of Spherocarb as
an alternative sorbent to Tenax GC also was investi-
gated as a means for improving the performance of the
PSD. This sorbent was found to be unsuitable because
of the high temperatures required for desorption. It is
recommended that the model which was developed be
used for developing sampling plans for specific appli-
cations, and that more extensive field evaluation of the
reduced-rate PSD's be conducted.
Keywords: "Samplers, "Air pollution, Performance
evaluation, Adsorption, Field tests, Design criteria, Re-
visions, Experimental design, Sorbents, Chemical
analysis, "Passive monitors, 'Volatile organic com-
pounds, "Air pollution sampling, Air pollution detection.
PB85-196509/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Constraints and Categories of Vadose Zone Moni-
toring Devices. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas.
NV.
L. G. Everett, E. W. Hoylman, L. G. Weilson, and L. G.
McMillion. 1984,10p EPA/600/J-84/285
Pub. in Groundwater Monitoring Review, Winter 1984,
p26-32.
Traditional monitoring methods using chemical analy-
sis of groundwater samples to detect pollutant migra-
tion are being superseded or used in conjunction with
innovate approaches. A need to detect pollutants
before they reach the water table has drawn interest to
vadose (unsaturated) zonemonitoring and brought to-
gether hydrogeoiogists, soil scientists and agricultural
engineers who have been working on this subject for
years. Recent studies have identified over 50 different
types of vadose zone monitoring devices and methods
that have optimum utility in varying hydrogeologic set-
tings. In general, measurements made in the vadose
zone are trying to define storage, transmission of liquid
waste in terms of flux and velocity, and pollutant mobil-
ity. Criteria for the selection of alternative vadose zone
monitoring methods are important for the development
of site-specific systems. These criteria include: type of
site; applicability to new, active, and abandoned sites;
power requirements; depth limitations; multiple use ca-
pability; type of data collection system; reliability and
life expectancy.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Water pollution, Con-
straints, Monitoring, Chemical analysis, Water table,
Statigraphy, Hydraulic conductivity, Permeability, Sam-
plers, Soil texture, Climate, Soil properties, Vacuum
apparatus, Reliability, Service life, Reprints, "Ground-
water movement, Vadose zone, Frozen soils.
PB85-196517	Not available NTIS
Geostatistical Strategy for Soil Sampling: The
Survey and the Census. Journal article.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
G. T. Flatman, and A. A. Yfantis. c1984,17p EPA/600/
J-84/284
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas.
Pub. in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 4,
p335-349 1984.
This article develops a soil sampling strategy for spa-
tially correlated variables using the tools of geostatisti-
cal analysis. With a minimum of equations, the logic of
geostatistical analysis is traced from the modeling of a
semi-variogram to the output isomaps of pollution esti-
mates and their standard deviations. These algorithms
provide a method to balance precision, accuracy, and
costs. Their axiomatic assumptions dictate a two-
stage sampling strategy. The first stage is a sampling
survey using a radial grid to collect enough data to
define, by a semi-variogram, the ranges of influence
and the orientation of the correlation structure of the
pollutant plume. The second stage is a census of the
suspected area with grid shape, sizes and orientation
dictated by the semi-variogram. The subsequent krig-
ing analysis of this data gives isopleth maps of the pol-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
lution field and the standard error isomap of this con-
touring. (Copyright (c) 1984 by D. Reidel Publishing
Company.)
Keywords: "Soil surveys, "Water pollution, Sampling,
Experimental design, Trace elements, Statistics,
Standard deviation, Reprints, Isomap.
PB85-196525/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
EEG (Electroencephalogram) as a Cross Species
Indicator of Neurotoxicity. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
V. A. Benignus. 1984, 13p EPA/600/J-84/283
Pub. in Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology 6,
n6 p473-483 Dec 84.
The electroencephalogram (EEG) is a promising
measure in the field of neurotoxicology. It can be well
quantified by techniques which can be interpreted both
physically and statistically. Such quantification
schemes are briefly discussed in this paper. However,
the quantification of EEG is not trivial in either the
mathematical or computational sense. The relation-
ship of EEG to brain function or brain pathology is not
very well understood by some standards, perhaps due
to poor quantitiative methods or erroneous assump-
tions about brain-behavior relationships. EEG has a
similar appearance across species. Hence the meas-
ure has great promise as a cross species indicator of
neurotoxicity. Not many quantitatively sound neurotox-
icological studies using EEG have been published. It
must be strongly emphasized that (a) more methods
development is needed before the promise of cross
species generality can be realized and (b) naive and/
or halfhearted attempts to use this measure are peril-
ous.
Keywords: "Electroencephalography, Reprints, "Neur-
otoxicology.
PB85-196533/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparing Epidemiologic Studies of Ingested As-
bestos for Use In Risk Assessment. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
L. S. Erdreich, 1983, 9p EPA/600/J-83/292
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives 53, p99-
104 1983.
Epidemiologic data can be used in risk assessment in
various ways: to calculate the dose-response relation-
ship between exposure levels and adverse effects; to
establish ranges of exposure known to be safe or
unsafe; to verify an endpoint in humans derived from a
route or species extrapolation; to support assumptions
necessary for performing extrapolation procedures.
These points are illustrated in the risk assessment for
exposure to asbestos in drinking water. A previous risk
assessment for asbestos, the EPA's Ambient Water
Quality Criteria (AWQC) for Asbestos, was derived
from cohort studies of inhalation exposure. Epidemio-
logic studies of ingested asbestos, all of geographical
correlation design, were compared on the basis of
their ability to add information in support of both the
route extrapolation and low-dose extrapolation used in
this risk assessment. Results of these ingestion stud-
ies were inconsistent due to variable ability to detect a
risk from chronic low-level exposure. After preliminary
comparisons of factors that determine scientific validi-
ty and statistical power, two ingestion studies were se-
lected to determine if they had the potential to detect
the risk predicted by the AWQC. This evaluation has
shown that these studies do not offer quantitative data
for estimating levels associated with a defined risk.
Keywords: "Epidemiology, "Asbestos, 'Toxicity, Risk,
Assessments, Dosage, Potable water,
Concentration(Composition), Comparison, Water pol-
lution, Reprints, "Water pollution effects(Humans),
Cancer.
PB85-196798/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH,
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Determination of Toxic Chemicals in Effluent from
Household Septic Tanks. Final rept. Oct 78-Sep 82,
Washington Univ., Seattle. Dept. of Environmental
F^aDeWalle, D. Kalman, D. Norman, J. Sung, and G.
Plews. Apr 85,34p EPA/600/2-85/050
Prepared in cooperation with Washington State Dept.
of Social and Health Services, Olympia.
The report study evaluated the presence of volatile or-
ganics in raw domestic sewage generated in a subdivi-
sion and treated by a large 5-year-old community
septic tank that had recently been cleaned by having
the solids removed by pumping just prior to this study.
Analysis showed the presence of priority pollutants in
the raw sewage. Essentially no removal of these com-
pounds occurred during the 2-day detention in the
septic tank. The priority pollutants generally showed
higher levels during the weekend, probably reflecting
leisure activities and use of related chemicals (paint
thinners, grease removers, toilet bowl cleaners, etc.),
than during the week days. Most of the other volatile
compounds were hydrocarbons, and their removal by
the septic tank generally decreased with increasing
molecular weight. Several organic sulfur compounds
showed substantial increase as a result of anaerobic
degradation processes in the septic tank.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Septic tanks, "Water
analysis, "Anaerobic processes, "Sewage disposal,
"Environmental impacts, Households, Chemical analy-
sis, Rural areas, Urban areas, Water pollution, Biode-
terioration, Trace elements, Ground water,
Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), Solid waste disposal,
"Toxic substances, "Volatile organic compounds,
"Sewage sludge.
PB85-196947/HSU	PC A23/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Innovative Means of Dealing with Potential
Sources of Ground Water Contamination: Pro-
ceedings of the National Ground Water Quality
Symposium (7th) Held at Las Vegas, Nevada on
September 26-28,1984.
National Water Well Association, Worthington, OH.
C1984, 536p* EPA/600/9-85/012
The Seventh National Ground Water Quality Symposi-
um was held in Las Vegas, Nevada, on September 26-
28, 1984. The symposium was dedicated to the
memory of Mahdi S. Hantush (1921-1984), a pioneer-
ing scientist who specialized in the application of math-
ematics to solve transient ground water flow problems.
The theme of this conference was 'developing and im-
plementing innovative means of dealing with potential
sources of ground water contamination.' Among the
potential sources of contamination addressed at the
meeting were: underground storage tanks; mining and
mine wastes; agricultural chemicals and land applica-
tion practices; injection wells; abandoned wells; and
hazardous and non-hazardous wastes in landfills and
impoundments.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Water pollution, "Meet-
ings, Water storage, Underground storage, Water flow,
Sources, Mining, Hazardous materials, Injection wells,
Mine waters, Industrial wastes, Earth fills, "Land appli-
cation.
PB85-197036/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
Technical Report on Sound Levels in Bryce
Canyon National Park and the Noise Impact of the
Proposed Alton Coal Mine,
Colorado Univ. at Boulder. Noise Technical Assistance
Center.
J. D. Foch, and G. S. Oliver. Oct 80,146p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Denver, CO. Region VIII.
Sound levels in Bryce Canyon National Park were
measured during two monitoring periods. This report is
an account of the levels measured and is an attempt to
predict the probable noise impacts of surface coal
mining within the park.
Keywords: "Sound transmission, "Noise(Sound), Coal
mining, Surface mining, Acoustic measurement, Data,
Utah, "Bryce Canyon National Park, Alton Coal Mine.
PB8S-197044/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Investigations of Existing Pressure Sewer Sys-
tems. Final rept. Sep 77-Jun 78,
Rezek, Henry, Meisenheimer and Gende, Inc., Liberty-
ville, IL.
J W. Rezek, and I. A. Cooper. Apr 85,133p EPA/600/
2-85/051
Contract EPA-68-03-2600
Two areas previously undocumented in pressure
sewer evaluations are operation and maintenance his-
tory and septic tank effluent treatability. Nine sites
were visted to highlight these considerations, especial-
ly their relationship to overall system cost-effective-
ness. Pressure sewer systems require numerous spe-
cialized components, each of which demand varying
degrees of operation and maintenance. This report
considers operations and maintenance for the follow-
ing: on-lot, mainline, and treatment facilities. On-lot
maintenance tasks differ for the two major types of
systems - grinder pump and septic tank effluent pump-
ing. Both preventive maintenance and breakdown
maintenance duties were investigated.
Keywords: "Pressure, "Sewers, "Operations, Mainte-
nance, History, Septic tanks, Sites, Cost effectiveness,
Pumps, Pumping, "Case studies.
PB85-197051/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Slow Sand Filter and Package Treatment Plant
Evaluation: Operating Costs and Removal of Bac-
teria, 'Giardia' and Trihalomethanes. Final rept.
Sep 81-Mar 85,
Dufresne-Henry, Inc., North Springfield, VT.
G. R. Pyper. Apr 85,198p EPA/600/2-85/052
A two-year study was conducted on a municipally
owned operating slow sand filter and a pressure diato-
maceous earth (DE) filter, using the same source of
supply. The systems were compared by monitoring
ambient turbidity, particle county, total coliform, and
standard plate count bacteria in the influent and fil-
tered water as well as bacterial and Giardia cyst
spikes. Both methods of treatment were comparable in
effectiveness for most parameters. Turbidity removal
tended to be better in the slow sand filter treatment
than in the DE except for the period of time following
slow sand filter scraping. Particle reduction tended to
be very erratic in both systems for this particular
source water.
Keywords: 'Operating costs, 'Packaged sewage
plants, 'Sand filters, "Water treatment, Performance
evaluation, Giardia, Cysts, Turbidity, Municipalities,
Halogen organic compounds, Methanes.
PB85-197093/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Industrial Boiler S02 Technology Update Report,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
E. Aul, S. Margerum, and R. Berry. Jul 84,177p EPA/
450/3-85/009
Contract EPA-68-02-3816
See also PB85-197101.
This document is a resource document for the devel-
opment of Federal standards of performance for con-
trol of sulfur dioxide (S02) emissions for new industrial
boilers. Various precombustion, combustion modifica-
tion, and post combustion control technologies are
identified with respect to each technology's applicabil-
ity to industrial boilers, development status, and fac-
tors affecting performance. Emissions data for each
technology are also presented. Post-combustion tech-
nologies examined include wet flue gas desulfurization
(FGD) systems (sodium, dual alkali, lime, limestone)
and dry processes (spray drying FGD, dry alkali injec-
tion, electron-beam irradiation). Combustion modifica-
tion approaches examined include fluidized bed com-
bustion, limestone injection multistage burners, and
coal/limestone pellets. Precombustion approaches in-
clude physical coal cleaning, coal gasification, coal-
liquid mixtures, and coal liquefaction.
Keywords: "Air pollution control. 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Boil-
ers, 'Air pollution control equipment, Industrial wastes,
Standards, Combustion products, Flue gases, Fluid-
ized bed processing, Coal preparation, Desulfurization,
Coal, 'Air pollution abatement, Wet methods, Spray
drying, Flue gas desulfurization, Combustion modifica-
tion, Dry methods, Limestone scrubbing, Limestone in-
jection multistage burners, Dual alkali scrubbing.
PB85-197101/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Fluidized Bed Combustion: Effectiveness of an
S02 Control Technology for Industrial Boilers.
Final rept..
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
E. F. Aul, M. L. Owen, and A. F. Jones. Sep 84, 224p
EPA/450/3-85/010
Contract EPA-68-01-6558
See also PB80-178288, and PB85-197093.
Atmospheric fluidized bed combustion (AFBC) boilers
have developed rapidly over recent years and are now
offered commercially in several different configura-
tions. S02 reduction levels of 90 percent and above
have been achieved by coal-fired AFBC boilers in the
industrial size category. Based on the data available,
industrial FBC NOx emissions have been consistently
below 0.5 lb/million Btu. PM emissions of less than 0.5
lb/million Btu have been routinely achieved with fabric
filters. AFBC boiler system costs were compared with
costs for a conventional boiler equipped with an FGD
system and with costs for a conventional boiler using
low sulfur compliance coal. The conclusions drawn
from the economic analyses are that (1) studied cost
difference between AFBC Technology, conventional
boiler/FGD systems, and compliance coal combustion
are projected to be small over the S02 emission range
of 1.7 to 0,8 lb/million Btu and S02 reduction range of
65 to 90 percent, and (2) that cost competitiveness
among these technologies is not expected to change
significantly as the emission limitations change over
this range. Absolute economic competitiveness
among these options will be sensitive to site-specific
parameters and decided on a case-by-case basis.
Keywords: * Air pollution control, 'Boilers, "Fluidized
bed processors, "Sulfur dioxide, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products. Standards, Performance eval-
uation, Cost analysis, Particles, Flue gases, Coal,
Fabric filters, Flue gas desulfurization.
PB85-197119/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Determination and Prediction of Chemical Forms
of Trace Metals in Sewage Sludge and Sludge-
Amended Soils. Final rept. Sep 76-Dec 82,
California Univ., Riverside. Dept. of Soil and Environ-
mental Sciences.
L. J. Lund, G. Sposito, and A. L. Page. Apr 85, 246p
EPA/600/2-85/053
Grant EPA-R-804516
The overall objective of the research conducted under
this project was to define the chemical equilibrium be-
tween trace metals and the soluble and insoluble or-
ganic and inorganic tractions of sewage sludges and
sludge-amended soil. This report is divided according
to tasks carried out to fulfill this objective. The adapta-
tion and development of a computer program, GEO-
CHEM, for prediction of the distribution of chemical
species in soil solution is described in Section 1. Re-
search on the fractionation and characterization of
sewage sludges is discussed in Section 2. Studies on
sludge decomposition and extractability of added
metals from sludge-amended soils are discussed in
Section 3. Infrared studies of soluble components in
water extracts of the sludge-amended soils as well as
speciation data obtained from the GEOCHEM program
are also reported in Section 3.
Keywords: "Metals, "Sludge disposal, "Soils, Mathe-
matical models, Computer program, Chemical equilib-
rium, Trace elements, Spatial distribution, Sludge, De-
composition, PH, "Land application, Heavy metals,
GEOCHEM computer program.
PB85-197283/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Cancer of the Respiratory Tract: Predisposing
Factors,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park. NC.
M. J. Mass, D. G. Kaufman, J. M. Siegfried, V. E. Steel,
and S. Nesnow. Apr 85,466p EPA/600/9-85/010
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill, Environmental Health Research and Test-
ing, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC., and Northrop
Sen/ices, Inc. Research Triangle Park, NC.
This volume documents the proceedings of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency-sponsored symposi-
um 'Tumor Promotion and Enhancement in the Etiolo-
gy of Human and Experimental Respiratory Tract Car-
cinogenesis,' held in Williamsburg, VA in June 1984. In
order to determine the necessity to monitor en-
hancers/promoters in the environment, or even to
decide whether there is a role for these agents in the
etiology of human lung cancer, the available evidence
must be reviewed, assimilated, and correlated in epi-
demiologic studies, and studies with experimental ani-
mals. The contributors to this volume seek not only to
identify chemical agents but also seek to cover biologi-
cal processes and pathologic conditions of infectious
and non-infectious origin that may have been shown to
predispose to the development of lung cancer.
Keywords: "Respiratory diseases, "Malignant neo-
plasms, "Meetings, Contaminants, Etiology, Carcino-
gens, Pulmonary neoplasms, Aromatic polycyclic hy-
drocarbons, Asbestos, Arsenic, Chromates, Amines,
Nitroso compounds, Ionizing radiation, Environmental
exposure pathway, Cigarette smoking.
PB85-197325/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Measurement of De Minimis Risk. Final rept.,
Faucett (Jack) Associates, Inc., Chevy Chase, MD.
H. J. Chmelynski, D. Lehrman, D. Goldin, and S. Beal.
Apr 85,124p JACKFAU-84-311-3
Contract EPA-68-02-3853
Prepared in cooperation with Cohen (S.) and Associ-
ates, McLean, VA.
This study attempts to determine the existence of a 'de
facto de minimis' threshold as it is revealed by examin-
ing government activity with respect to low-level risks
that are clearly visible and accurately measured. The
study was restricted to the examination of government
activity because society's concerns are reflected in
risk-management decisions made by the government
sector. Risk which are accepted by individuals be-
cause of the associated benefits derived from accept-
ing the risk were considered poor candidate for reveal-
ing the current level of 'de minimis'. This effectively
eliminated from consideration most occupational risks,
which are often accepted based on cost-benefit crite-
ria.
Keywords: "Risk, "Accident investigation, National
government, Mortality, Assessments, Diseases. Public
health. Industrial hygiene, Benefit cost analysis, "Oc-
cupational safety and health.
PB85-197333/HSU	PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Lake Erie Intensive Study 1978-1979. Final rept.,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Center for Lake Erie Area
Research.
D. E. Rathke. Jan 84,481 p EPA/905/4-84/001
Lake Erie has experienced several decades of accel-
erated eutrophication and toxic substances contami-
nation. During the latter part of the 1960's, many of
these plans were at least partially implemented. The
first signs of lake recovery are now being observed
through comprehensive monitoring programs. The
intent of this report is to summarize the methods, find-
ings and conclusions of the 1978-1979 Lake Erie In-
tensive Study. The report also contains a set of recom-
mendations to insure continued improvement of the
water and biotic quality of Lake Erie.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Lake Erie, Phosphorus,
Diatoms, Fishes, Nutrients, Chlorophylls,
Tables(Data), "Eutrophication, Epilimnion, Hypolim-
nion.
PB85-197358/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Aerial Photography and Ground Verification at
Power Plant Sites: Wisconsin Power Plant Impact
Study,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Dept. of Civil and Environ-
mental Engineering.
S. L. Wynn, and R. W. Kiefer. Apr 85,293p EPA/600/
3-85/034
Grant EPA-R-803971
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Dept. of Natu-
ral Resources, Madison, Wisconsin Public Service
Commission, Madison, and Wisconsin Public Service
Corp., Green Bay.
This study demonstrated and evaluated nine methods
for monitoring the deterioration of a large wetland on
the site of a newly-constructed coal-fired power plant
in Columbia, County, Wisconsin. Four of the nine meth-
ods used data from ground sampling; two were remote
sensing methods without ground verification; and
three were remote sensing methods which either used
ground verification or relied on the analyst's 'on-the-
ground' knowledge of the area. These methods were
evaluated on the basis of whether they monitor
change at a species or a community level, whether
they monitor community change in terms of area or lo-
cation or both, and whether they provide information
about trends in plant communities.
Keywords: "Vegetation, "Deterioration, "Marshes,
"Swamps, Environmental impacts, Electric power
plants, Remote sensing, Coal, Cost analysis, Maps,
Wisconsin, Aerial photographs, Evaluation, "Wetlands,
"Columbia County(Wisconsin).
PB85-197754	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Critical Review of Measurement Practices for the
Determination of pH and Acidity of Atmospheric
Precipitation. Final rept.,
National Bureau of Standards (NML), Gaithersburg,
MD. Inorganic Analytical Research Div.
G. Marinenko, and W. F. Koch. 1984, 5p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.
Pub. in Environment International 10, p315-319 1984.
This review surveys current literature on the measure-
ment of pH and acidity of atmospheric precipitation.
Current practices for calibrating pH-measuring sys-
tems for atmospheric precipitation applications are re-
viewed and possible sources of error are discussed.
Determinations of acidity are grouped in accordance
with the type of end-point selected for titration: color
indicator, fixed pH, Gran plot, and closed loop.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "pH, "Acidity,
"Precipitation(Meteorology), Reviews, Standards, Vol-
umetric analysis, Reprints, "Acid rain, Atmospheric
chemistry.
PB85-197812/HSU	PC E07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Lake Huron Crustacean and Rotifer Zooplankton,
1980: Factors Affecting Community Structure with
an Evaluation of Water Quality Status. Special
rept.,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Oiv.
M. S. Evans. Sep 83,166p SR-98
Grants EPA-R-005510-01-0, EPA-R-005510-02-0
Sponsored by Grant EPA-R-005510-03-0. Includes
one sheet of 24X reduction microfiche.
Zooplankton surveillance cruises were conducted in
April, May, June, and July 1980 in Lake Huron, includ-
ing the North Channel and Georgian Bay. Rotifer
standing stocks and species composition were indica-
tive of oligotrophic to meso-oligotrophic conditions.
Crustaceans were the numerically dominant zooplank-
ton; this dominance was even larger when expressed
in terms of dry weight. Crustacean standing stocks and
composition also were indicative of oligotrophic to
meso-oligotrophic conditions. Results of statistical
analyses (correlation, principal components) provide
Information on water quality status as estimated from
zooplankton population characteristics: such analyses
include consideration of the physical-chemical proper-
ties of the water column. In addition; a phytopiankton:
zooplankton carbon ratio was used to infer relative
grazing pressure.
Keywords: "Plankton, "Crustacea, "Lake Huron,
"Water pollution, Statistical analysis, Chemical proper-
ties, Biological productivity, Seasonal variations,
Standing stock.
PB85-197820/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Literature Review and Survey of Emissions from
Residential Wood Combustion and Their Impact.
Final rept. Sep 83-Mar 84,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. W. Hartman, and G. D. Rives. Apr 85,108p EPA/
600/2-85/047
Contract EPA-68-02-3174
The report gives results of a literature search of S3 re-
ports covering woodstove design, operating condi-
tions, emissions, testing methods, and ambient air im-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
pacts. The woodstoves studied, both controlled (cata-
lytic) and uncontrolled, varied in design from simple to
complex. The primary considerations in operating con-
ditions were that the stoves burned primarily cord
wood. Test results were segregated by the type of
wood utilized, the percent moisture in the tested wood,
the burn rate of the wood, the stage of burning that
was tested, and the length of the test. In addition to the
operating conditions, the emissions were qualified by
the test method that was performed, the firebox tem-
perature, and the stack temperature. Emission param-
eters studied included particulate matter (PM), carbon
monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons (HC), and
polycyclic organic material, especially benzo-a-pyrene.
This report includes ambient air impact surveys at vari-
ous locations in the U.S. Most ambient studies were
concerned with the PM and HC impacts, but a few
looked at relating these impacts back to their sources.
Keywords: * Air pollution, *Stoves, "Environmental im-
pacts, Air pollution control equipment, Reviews, Sur-
veys, Residential buildings. Design criteria, Combus-
tion products, Sampling, Tables(Data), Burning rate,
Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Hydrocarbons,
Design criteria, Particles, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen
oxides, "Wood stoves, 'Emission factors, * Air pollu-
tion sampling, Benzopyrenes, Catalytic
reactors(Exhaust systems).
PBB5-197838/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Engineering Assessment Report-Hazardous
Waste Coflring in Industrial Boilers. Volume 1.
Technical Results. Research rept. 1981-84,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
C. Castaldini, S. Unnasch, and H. B. Mason. Nov 84,
170p EPA/600/2-84/177A
Contract EPA-68-02-3188
See also PB8 5-197846.
This report documents results of 42 hazardous waste
combustion tests performed on 11 full-scale industrial
boilers. The report discusses the boiler operating con-
ditions, measured organic and other gaseous emis-
sions, and the achieved destruction efficiency of princi-
pal organic hazardous constituents (POHC's) present
in the waste. The report is divided in two volumes.
Volume I presents a summary of all test data, dis-
cusses conclusions, and highlights trends in POHC de-
struction and other byproduct emissions with respect
to boiler operation and POHC type. The destruction ef-
ficiency of 14 other volatile and semivolatile hazardous
organics is also reported. In general, industrial boilers
tested achieved greater than 99.99 percent POHC de-
struction efficiency under conditions investigated. Al-
though not clearly evident, the collected data point out
lower destruction efficiencies with transient or off-
specification burner and feedrate conditions. Emis-
sions of identifiable products of incomplete combus-
tion (PIC's) were generally one to two orders of magni-
tude greater than POHC breakthrough emissions.
Lower PIC emissions accompanied greater POHC de-
struction efficiencies.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Boilers, 'Solid
waste disposal, 'Air pollution control, Assessments,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Organic com-
pounds, Carbon tetrachloride, Toluene, Performance
evaluation, Tables(Data), Byproducts, Gas analysis,
'Principal organic hazardous constituents, 'Air pollu-
tion detection, Benzene/chloro, Ethylene/trichloro.
PB85-197846/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Engineering Assessment Report-Hazardous
Waste Coflring in Industrial Boilers. Volume 2.
Data Supplement. Research rept. 1981-84,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
C Castaldini, S. Unnasch, and H. B. Mason. Nov 84,
283p EPA/600/2-84/177B
Contract EPA-68-02-3188
See also PB85-197838.
This report documents results of 42 hazardous waste
combustion tests performed on 11 full-scale industrial
boilers. The report discusses the boiler operating con-
ditions measured organic and other gaseous emis-
sions and the achieved destruction efficiency of princi-
pal organic hazardous constituents (POHC's) present
in the waste. The report is divided in two volumes.
Volume II is a compendium of boiler specific test data
summarized to provide readers with sufficient details
to perform their own analyses. Major volatile POHC's
investigated were carbon tetrachloride, chloroben-
zene, trichloroethylene, and toluene. The destruction
efficiency of 14 other volatile and semivolatile hazard-
ous organics is also reported. In general, industrial
boilers tested achieved greater than 99.99 percent
POHC destruction efficiency under conditions investi-
gated. Although not clearly evident, the collected data
point out lower destruction efficiencies with transient
or off-specification burner and feedrate conditions.
Emissions of identifiable products of incomplete com-
bustion (PIC's) were generally one to two orders of
magnitude greater than POHC breakthrough emis-
sions. Lower PIC emissions accompanied greater
POHC destruction efficiencies.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Boilers, 'Solid
waste disposal, 'Air pollution control, Assessments,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Organic com-
pounds, Carbon tetrachloride, Toluene, Performance
evaluation, Byproducts, Gas analysis, 'Principal or-
ganic hazardous constituents, 'Air pollution detection,
Benzene/chloro, Ethylene/trichloro.
PB85-197978/HSU	PC E12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Lake Huron Intensive Survey, 1980. Special rept.,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Div.
R. A. Moll, R. Rossmann, D. C. Rockwell, and W. Y. B.
Chang. 1985,335pSR-110
Grants EPA-R-005510-01, EPA-R-005510-02
Sponsored by Grant EPA-R-005510-03. Includes three
sheets of 24 X reduction microfiche.
The 1980 study of Lake Huron was designed to pro-
vide extensive temporal and areal coverage of nutrient
conditions throughout the lake. Water quality in Lake
Huron was very good throughout most of the lake. This
conclusion was based on an analysis of the spatial and
temporal distribution of nutrients, chlorophll, and par-
ticulate materials. Nutrient concentrations in Lake
Huron were low compared to the other Great Lakes,
and the annual ranges of nutrient concentrations were
small; these two aspects of the limnology of Lake
Huron indicated an oligotrophic ecosystem. Although
the water quality in Lake Huron was characterized as
very good, local, nearshore nutrient loadings produced
occasional regions of poor water quality.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Huron, Conductivi-
ty, Chlorides, Nutrients, Chlorophylls,
Concentration(Composition), 'Ecosystems, Epilim-
nion, Hypolimnion.
PB85-198059/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Toward Modeling the Ecological Effects of Chemi-
cals Acting Jointly,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
R. Lassiter, and S. Broderius. 1985,15p EPA/600/D-
85/103
A physical basis is sought for modeling the ecological
effects of neutral, hydrophobic chemicals acting joint-
ly. It is assumed that these chemicals cross biological
membranes passively, driven by gradients in chemical
potential, and are distributed among chemical phases
(types of tissue) of an organism's body by equilibrium
partitioning. On this basis, a model is developed to ac-
count for exchange of chemicals between the external
aqueous medium and an organism's body.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, "Chemical compounds. Models,
"Aquatic ecosystems, "Aquatic organisms, "Ecologi-
cal concentration, "Bioaccumulation, "Tissue distribu-
tion, Water pollution effects(Animals), Water pollution
effects(Plants).
PB85-198067/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Measurement of PM-10 Emissions from Stationary
Sources,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
T. E. Ward, M. R. Midgett, T. J. Logan, A. D.
Williamson, and W. E. Farthing. 1985,15p EPA/600/
D-85/089
Prepared in cooperation with Southern Research Inst.,
Birmingham, AL.
Measurements of PM-10 particulate matter emissions
from stationary sources were performed using two
sampling approaches currently under development.
PM-10 particulate matter is defined as all particles
nominally 10 micrometers aerodynamic diameter and
smaller. Aerodynamic inertial particle sizing devices
are used in both approaches. The emission gas recy-
cle (EGR) approach used new instrumentation and, as
the duct sampling nozzle flow rate was adjusted to
remain isokinetic, conditioned recycled emission gas
was adjusted coincidentally and added prior to the
sizing device: the combined recycle and sample flow at
all sampling points in the traverses was the constant
required by the sizing device. This satisfied the previ-
ous conflict of varying isokinetic flow and constant
sizing device flow. The simulated Method 5 (SIM-5) ap-
proach used existing instrumentation and a new sam-
pling protocol. Both approaches use multiple points in
the sampling plane. EGR and SIM-5 compare favor-
ably with each other and with the reference measure-
ments at the sites.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Chimneys, "Air pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Sampling, Field tests,
Sites, Industrial wastes, Particle sizes, Combustion
products, Comparison, Performance evaluation,
Sources, "Stationary sources, "Air pollution sampling,
"Emission gas recycle method, 'Simulated method 5,
Procedures.
PB85-19807S/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Fuel Efficient Incineration for Disposal of Sewage
Sludge,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
H. Wall. 1985,8p* EPA/600/D-85/099
The City of Indianapolis, Indiana, demonstrated that 34
to 70 percent of the fuel used for sewage sludge incin-
eration could be saved. These savings were the result
of study of how sewage sludge incineration in a multi-
ple hearth incinerator works, adding instrumentation
and controls to the furnace system and training the op-
erators in the technical aspects of sludge incineration.
This program saved Indianapolis about $1,000,000 in
fuel and maintenance repairs. This Fuel Efficient Mode
of Operation also reduced the air pollution from
sewage sludge incineration and allowed the City to
cancel a $3,000,000 construction program for air pollu-
tion abatement equipment for sewage sludge inciner-
ators. Other cities-Nashville, Tennessee; Hartford,
Connecticut; and Buffalo, New York-have also adopt-
ed the fuel efficient mode of operation and realize a
savings caused by 40 to 50% less fuel usage for
sewage sludge incineration.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Incinerators, "Fuel con-
sumption, "Air pollution control equipment, Mainte-
nance, Indiana, Cost analysis, Solid waste disposal,
"Sewage sludge, Energy conservation,
Indianapolis(lndiana).
PB85-198083	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC
Waterborne 'Giardia' It's Enough to Make You
Sick. Journal article,
American Water Works Association Research Foun-
dation, Denver, CO.
R. G. McCall, J. A. Cotruvo, D. W. Hendricks, W.
Jakubowski, and P. Karlin. c1985, 7p EPA/600/J-85/
036
Presented at the AWWA/WQTC Annual Meeting
(12th) Denver, CO., December, 1984.
Pub. in Jnl. of American Water Works Association, v77
7p Feb 85.
The roundtable consisted of a moderator and six pan-
elists discussing various aspects of Giardia and giar-
diasis. The topics covered included: The organism (de-
scription, life cycle, distribution); the disease; epidemi-
ology; waterborne outbreaks; monitoring methods;
water industry activities to reduce the threat of out-
breaks; current and planned research activities and
regulatory plans.
Keywords: "Giardia, 'Giardiasis, "Water pollution,
'Epidemiology, Protozoa, Life cycles, Spatial distribu-
tion, Monitoring, Research projects, Regulations
Water pollution abatement, Reprints, "Water borne
diseases.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB8S-198091	Not available NTIS
Sorption and Toxicity of Azo and Trlphenylmeth-
ane Dyes to Aquatic Microbial Populations. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
G. B. Michaels, and D. L. Lewis. C1985, 7p EPA/600/
J-85/030
Prepared in cooperation with Gainesville Junior Coll.,
GA.
Pub. by Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v4
n1 p45-50 1985.
Toxicity and sorption of five azo and triphenylmethane
dyes to freshwater microbiota were determined to as-
sessment, in part, the risks that these dyes may pose
to the aquatic environment. The toxicities of Basic
Violet 1, Basic Violet 2, Basic Violet 3, Basic Green 4
and Tropaeolin 0 were established by determining the
percent survival of microbiota when dyes were incor-
porated into plating media. Basic Violet 3 was the most
toxic, with a mean survival rate of 20,7 + or - 6.5% at a
dye concentration of 5.0 mg/l. Tropaeolin 0 was the
least toxic, with a survival rate of 92.0 + or - 9.5%.
Survival increased with decreasing dye concentration.
Sorption of the dyes to viable cells required from 8 to
24 h to reach equilibrium. Partition coefficients were
higher for viable cells than for heat-killed cells, sug-
gesting that a metabolic process may be involved in
sorption of these dyes or that autoclaving the cells re-
duces the organisms' cation exchange capacities.
Keywords: "Bioassay, 'Toxicity, "Sorption, "Fresh
water biology, 'Aquatic microbiology, *Dyes, *Azo
dyes, Risk, Textile industry, Food industry, Industrial
wastes, Cation exchanging, Metabolism, Water pollu-
tion, Food chain, Environmental impacts, Field tests,
Assessments, Bacteria, Algae, Experimental design,
Reprints, "Water pollution effects(Animals), 'Aquatic
ecosystems, 'Methane/triphenyl, Cosmetics, Methyl
violet, Gentian violet, Malachite green, Cyclohexadien-
ylidene-xylidine/((amino-tolyl)-(imino-methyl)).
PBB5-198109/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Development of a Source PM10 Sampling Train
Using Emission Gas Recycle (EQR). Final rept.,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
A. D. Williamson, R. S. Martin, andT. E. Ward. 1985,
19p EPA/600/D-85/090
Contract EPA-68-002-3696
Measurement of accurate particulate emission factors
in ducted sources with particle size segregation in-
volves a compromise between two conflicting require-
ments. In order to avoid anisokinetic sampling bias
over a duct traverse, the flow rate of gas entering the
sampling nozzle must vary with the local duct velocity.
However, to maintain constant cuts in an inertial parti-
cle sizing device, the flow rate through the device must
remain constant. Furthermore, if a specific size cut
(such as ten micrometers) is specified, the flow rate of
the sampler is fixed by the stack gas temperature and
composition. A sampling train has been constructed
which introduces an adjustable amount of clean, re-
heated, recycled stack gas between the sampling
nozzle and the inertial sizing device. The EGR train
was tested at three coal-fired utility boilers using iner-
tial samplers without recycle gas and EPA Method 17
trains for reference measurements.
Keywords: 'Particle size, 'Samplers, 'Air pollution,
'Particle density(Concentration), 'Mass, Design crite-
ria, Performance evaluation, Chimneys, Combustion
products, Industrial wastes, Comparison, "Air pollution
sampling, 'Emission factors, 'Emission gas recycle,
Coal fired power plants.
PB85-198190	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Humlc and Fulvic Acids on Pollovlrus
Concentration from Water by Mlcroporous Filtra-
tion. Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
M. D. Sobsey, and A. R. Hickey. C1985,8p EPA/600/
J-85/039
Grant EPA-R-806677
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology. v49
n2 p259-264 Feb 85.
Because naturally occurring organic matter is thought
to interfere with virus adsorption to microporous filters,
humic and fulvic acids isolated from a highly colored,
soft surface water were used as model organics in
studies on poliovirus adsorption to and recovery from
electropositive Virosorb 1MDS and electronegative Fil-
terite filters. Organic acids caused appreciable reduc-
tions in virus adsorption and recovery efficiencies with
both types of filters. The mechanisms by which each
organic acid reduced virus adsorption and recovery
appeared to be different for each type of filter.
Keywords: 'Humic acids, 'Fulvic acids, 'Aquatic
microbiology, 'Viruses, 'Water pollution control, 'Fil-
tration, Adsorption, Activated carbon treatment, Math-
ematical models, Performance evaluation, Reprints.
PB85-198208	Not available NTIS
Effect of Subsequent Treatment of Chloroform of
Phenobarbital on the Incidence of Liver and Lung
Tumors Initiated by Ethylnitrosourea In 15 Day
Old Mice. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
M. A. Pereira, S. L. Herren-Freund, and G. L. Knutsen.
C1985, 7p EPA/600/J-85/038
Prepared in cooperation with Pathology Associates,
Inc., Frederick, MD.
Pub. in Carcinogenesis, v6 n2 p203-207 Feb 85.
The effect of subsequent administration of chloroform
or phenobarbital on the incidence of ethylnitrosourea
(ENU) initiated liver and lung tumors was investigated.
Fifteen day old Swiss mice were administered ENU,
and at weaning they started to receive either 1800
ppm chloroform or 500 ppm sodium phenobarbital in
their drinking water. The mice continued to receive
either chloroform or phenobarbital until they were sac-
rificed at 52 weeks of age. ENU at 5 and 20 mg/kg,
caused a dose-dependent increase in liver and lung
tumors. The male mice were more sensitive to the in-
duction of liver tumors, while no sex preference was
observed for the induction of lung tumors. In male mice
chloroform inhibited, while in female and male mice
phenobarbital promoted spontaneous and ENU-in-
duced liver tumors. Neither subsequent treatment with
chloroform nor phenobarbital affected the incidence of
ENU-induced lung tumors. When administered in the
drinking water, chloroform is an inhibitor while pheno-
barbital is a promoter of hepatocarcinogenesis in mice.
(Copyright (c) IRL Press Ltd., Oxford, England.)
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Chloroform, Phenobarbital,
Mice, Laboratory animals, Inhibitors, Promoting, *Car-
cinogenis, 'Urea/nitrosoethyl, Liver neoplasms, Lung
neoplasms.
PB85-198216	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Serologic Survey of Rotavirus, Norwalk Agent
and 'Prototheca wlckerhamil' in Wastewater
Workers. Journal article,
Cincinnati Univ. Medical Center, OH.
C. S. Clark, C. C. Linnemann, P. S. Gartside, J. P. Phair,
and N. Blacklow. c1984,5p EPA/600/J-85/037
Grant EPA-R-803643
Pub. in American Jnl. of Public Health, v75 n1 p83-85
Jan 85.
A prospective epidemiologic study of wastewater
workers was undertaken to determine the health ef-
fects, if any, associated with occupational exposure to
biological agents present in municipal wastewater. The
study population included more than 100 newly-hired
and more than 100 experienced municipal wastewater
workers and similar sized comparison groups in three
metropolitan areas: Cincinnati, OH; Chicago, IL; and
Memphis, TN. The study protocol included: environ-
mental monitoring-, work observations; yearly medical
examinations; collection of illness information through-
out the year; viral and bacterial cultures of throat and
rectal swabs; and viral and bacterial serologic surveys.
Clinically, gastrointestinal illness was observed twice
as often in inexperienced sewage-exposed workers as
compared to experienced workers and controls.
Keywords: 'Biological agents, 'Viruses, Exposure, Se-
rology, Epidemiology, Survey, Reprints, "Toxic sub-
stances, 'Occupational safety and health, Rotavir-
uses, Norwalk agents, Prototheca wickerhamii.
PB85-198232/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Phoxocephalld Amphlpod Bioassay for Marine
Sediment Toxicity,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
R. C. Swartz, W. A. DeBen, J. K. P. Jones, J. O.
Lamberson, and F. A. Cole. 1985,50p EPA/600/D-
85/102, ERLN-N007
The relative toxicity of marine sediment can be accu-
rately determined through acute, static bioassays with
the phoxocepalid amphipod Repoxynius abronius.
Mortality and sublethal effects on emergence from
sediment and reburial behavior are determined after
ten day exposure in 1 -L beakers containing 175 ml of
test sediment, 775 ml of seawater (25 ppt, 15 deg C),
and 20 amphipods. Response of amphipods to test
sediment is compared with response in control sedi-
ment collected from the species' natural habitat. Mean
survival under control conditions is 95%. With five rep-
licates, the bioassay is 75% certain of detecting statis-
tical significance when mean survival is reduced by
15%. The method can be applied to a great variety of
sediment types because of the tolerance of R. abron-
ius to a broad range of sediment grain sizes and levels
of organic enrichment.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Sediments, 'Water pollution,
Crustacea, Bioassay, Mortality, Survival, Animal be-
havior, Dredging, Particle size, Regulations, Reprints,
'Repoxynius abronius.
PB85-19826S/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Relationships among Observed Metal Concentra-
tions, Criteria, and Benthic Community Structural
Responses in 15 Streams. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
T. W. LaPoint, S. M. Melancon, and M. K. Morris. 1984,
13p EPA/600/J-84/287
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
v56 n9 p1030-1038 Sep 84.
Water quality criteria for toxic substances published by
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are
established to protect aquatic life and human health.
An aquatic life criterion specifies the concentration of
metal, pesticide, or other toxicant below which ecosys-
tem integrity is maintained. However, most criteria are
based on toxicity evidence from only a few sensitive
aquatic species, such as Daphnia magna, Pimephales
promelas, and Salmo spp. Single-species tests usually
use organisms of uniform age and size and therefore
lack the heterogeneous responses of a natural popula-
tion. Other factors that affect the natural ecosystem
balance are not necessarily reproduced in the labora-
tory, such as nutrition, physiological interaction, sub-
strate, current, and light.
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Aquatic animals, 'Toxicity,
'Stream pollution, Daphnia, Crustacea, Age determi-
nation, Populations, Reprints, Ecosystems, 'Daphnia
magna, Pimephales promelas, Salmo.
PB85-198273/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Lake Tahoe Visibility Study. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
M. Pitchford, and D. Allison. 1984,14p EPA/600/J-84/
289
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v31
n3 Mar 84.
Visibility monitoring and airborne particulate sampling
in the Lake Tahoe Basin were used to document visual
air quality levels and to assess the relative impacts of
major contributing emission source categories. Visibili-
ty data were obtained by long path contrast and parti-
cle scattering techniques. Particles were sampled in
two size ranges at three locations and were analyzed
for mass concentration and composition of elements
greater in atomic weight than Na. Statistical analysis
showed fine particle concentration (particle diameter
less than 2.5 micrometers) to be related to visibility. A
model was developed to apportion all of the fine parti-
cle mass to source categories. The results of this effort
were then used to determine an optical extinction
budget by particle source. This study indicates 70% of
the basin-wide visibility impact and 30% of the South
Lake Tahoe visibility impact are caused by natural and
long range transported emissions. Residential wood
smoke emissions are responsible for the majority of
the remaining impact; at South Lake Tahoe automotive
emissions are also significant.
Keywords: 'Visibility, 'Particles, "Air pollution,
Sources, Sampling, Concentration(Composition),
Chemical analysis, Fines, Residential buildings, Wood,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Combustion products, Exhaust emissions, Reprints,
* Air quality, * Air pollution sampling, * Air pollution de-
tection, "Lake Tahoe Basin, Wood stoves, Automobile
exhaust.
PB85-198281/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Immunologic Effects of Nickel: 2. Suppression of
Natural Killer Cell Activity. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. J. Smialowicz, R. R. Rogers, M. M. Riddle, R. J.
Garner, and D. G. Rowe. 1985,14p EPA/600/J-85/
011
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Research 36, n1 p56-66
Jan 85. See also PB84-212828.
A single intramuscular injection of nickel chloride (18.3
mg/kg) caused a significant reduction in murine sple-
nic natural killer (NK) cell activity. This reduction in NK
activity was not associated with a significant reduction
in spleen cellularity nor in the production of suppressor
cells. In a 4-hr 51 Cr release assay, NK cell activity was
suppressed in both CBA/J and C57BL/6J mice. Ad-
ministration of the nickel dose (i.e., 18.3 mg/kg total)
over a two week period also caused a significant re-
duction in NK cell activity. In an in vivo NK assay the
clearance of 125l-iododeoxyuridine labeled YAC-1
tumor cells from the lungs of nickel-treated mice was
significantly reduced compared with saline injected
controls. Another in vivo correlate of nickel-induced
NK suppression was observed in mice injected with
the B16-F10 melanoma.
Keywords: "Nickel, 'Chlorides, "Laboratory animals,
"Immunology, Mice, Dosage, In vivo analysis, Bioas-
say, Neoplasms, Melanoma, Cells(Biology), Reprints,
Inteferon.
PB85-198299/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Model for Some of the Effects of an Externally
Applied Field on Charged Membrane Constitu-
ents. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. R. Rabinowitz. 1984,12pEPA/600/J-84/281
Pub. in Jnl. of Quantum Chemistry 11, p249-256 Dec
84.
It has been demonstrated that externally applied elec-
tric fields perturb the distribution of some of the molec-
ular components of biological membranes. Various
electrostatic, hydrodynamic and structural forces that
result from the application of the external field influ-
ence both the dynamics and equilibrium distribution of
intermembraneous molecules. From a model the
author has shown that the electrostatic force arising
from the polarization of the counter-ion distribution will
have a significant effect on the migration of charged
membrane components. For small fields this effect on
migration is independent of cell size and inversely re-
lated to temperature. In a similar model, alternating
electric fields are shown to perturb the distribution of
charged intermembraneous components in a manner
that is not reversed in a single cycle and while the in-
duced dipole moment of the cell after several com-
plete cycles is small, the induced quadrupole moment
is much more significant. The effect of various physical
parameters within these models will be shown.
Keywords: "Mathematical models, "Membranes,
"Electric fields, "Environmental surveys, Reprints, "Bi-
ological membranes.
PB85-198307/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Toxicity of Ammonia to Early Life Stages of the
Smallmouth Bass at Four pH Values. Journal arti-
cie
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
S Broderius, R. Drummond, J. Fiandt, and C. Russom.
1985, 13p EPA/600/J-85/032
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Toxicology and Chemis-
try, v4 p87-96 1985.
Early life stages of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolo-
mieui Lacepede) were exposed to ammonia concen-
trations at four different pH values (from 6.5 to 8.7).
Acute lethal tests were conducted with juveniles, and
partial chronic tests were initiated at the late embryo
stage and extended through 32 d of exposure. The 96-
h LC50 ammonia concentrations at pH 6.53, 7.16, 7.74
and 8 71 were 371, 117, 39.5 and 7.43 mg/l total am-
monia-N (NH3-N) and 0.694, 1.00, 1.20 and 1.78 mg/l
un-ionized NH3, respectively. The acute toxicity of am-
monia in terms of NH3-N was directly related to test
pH, and in terms of NH3 was inversely related to pH.
Keywords: "Bass, "Ammonia, "Toxicity, "Water pollu-
tion, Embryos, Exposure, Concentration(Composition),
pH, Life cycles, Tests, Tolerances(Physiology),
Larvae, Mortality, Reprints, "Micropterus dolomieui.
PB85-198315/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Absorption Dynamics of Organic Chemical Trans-
port across Trout Gills as Related to Octanol-
Water Partition Coefficient. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. McKim, P. Schmieden and G. Veith. 1985,12p EPA/
600/J-85/033
Pub. in Jnt. of Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
77, p1-10 1985.
An in vivo fish preparation was used that allowed a
direct measure of the transport rates of 14 different or-
ganic chemicals across the gills of rainbow trout
(Salmo gairdneri). The chemicals, all 14C labeled,
were selected from five classes, encompassing a
range of octanol-water partition coefficient (log P)
values, from 0.23 (ethyl formate) to 7.5 (mirex). The
uptake efficiency (extraction efficiency) of each chemi-
cal was determined by monitoring the inspired and ex-
pired water of trout exposed to each chemical over an
exposure period of 1 to 6 hr. The mean gill extraction
efficiency for all chemicals tested varied from a low of
7% to a high of 60%. These studies support the pas-
sive diffusion model for the uptake of organics at the
gill-water interface.
Keywords: "Trout, "Organic compounds, "Adsorption,
"Insecticides, "Water pollution. Chlorine aliphatic com-
pounds, Chlorine organic compounds, Monitoring, Ac-
curacy, Extraction, Isotopic labeling, Reprints, "Salmo
gairdneri, Ethyl formate, Mirex, Kepone, Carbon 14,
Gills.
PB85-198323/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Reproducibility of Individual Responses to Ozone
Exposure. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
W. F. McDonnell, D. H. Horstman, S. Abdul-Salaam,
and D. E. House. 1985,8p EPA/600/J-85/012
Pub. in American Review of Respiratory Disease 131,
n1 p36-40 1985.
Because large intersubject differences in the magni-
tudes of response to a single ozone (03) exposure
have been observed, the authors undertook to deter-
mine if this variability were due to differences in intrin-
sic responsiveness to 03 or to other factors. Each of
thirty-two subjects was exposed to one of five 03 con-
centrations (0.12, 0.18, 0.24, 0.30, or 0.40 ppm), and
each underwent one or more repeat exposures. Sepa-
rated by from 3 weeks to 14 months. Magnitudes of
change for pulmonary function and respiratory timing
variables and for reported symptoms were compared
for the repeated exposures. Changes induced in
forced expiratory spirometric measurements were
highly reproducible for up to 10 months and for all
tested 03 concentrations 0.18 ppm.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Toxicology, Exposure, Concen-
tration, Signs and symptoms, Respiratory system, Re-
prints, "Air pollution effects(Humans).
PB85-198331/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Concentration Statistics by Wind Direction for
1976 St. Louis S02 Measurements and Model Esti-
mates,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
D. B. Turner. May 85,24p EPA/600/D-85/096
In a previous evaluation of the urban air quality simula-
tion model RAM using hourly S02 concentrations
measured in 1976 at 13 sites during the Regional Air
Pollution Study conducted in St. Louis, Missouri, bias
with stability was noted. A speculated cause of
maxima from the model being calculated during stable
conditions was that numerous small and medium point
sources were included in the area source part of the
emission inventory. Measured maxima occurred over a
variety of conditions from unstable to stable. Five sta-
tistics: (1) maximum, (2) second highest, (3) median,
(4) mean, and (5) minimum related to concentration
(both modeled and measured) were calculated for
each direction for each of the 13 sites. Various dis-
plays of these statistics are used to explore the validity
of the speculation regarding source types. Procedures
and displays developed can be used in data checking
and quality control of emissions inventory data collec-
tion as well as in use of receptor models.
Keywords: "Sulfur dioxide, "Mathematical models,
'Wind	direction,	"Air	pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Missouri, Sites, Urban
areas, Sampling, 'Air quality, "Emission inventories,
Point sources, Saint Louis(Missouri).
PB85-198349/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Modeling the Diurnal Variation of Meteorological
Variables Within the Boundary Layer - Preliminary
Comparison Results,
Environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. S. Irwin. May 85,28p EPA/600/D-85/097
Mean monthly patterns of the diurnal variation of the
wind, temperature and turbulence over the lower 300
m are computed, using data collected on the 365 m
WJBF-TV meteorological mast located 11 km south-
east of Augusta, Georgia. A review is presented of the
seasonal variations observed in these patterns for the
five-year period from 1975 through 1979. Clearly evi-
dent were the seasonal variations in the 10-m values
of wind and temperature. Little seasonal variation was
evident in the diurnal profiles of turbulence. Compari-
son results are presented of the diurnal patterns for
June 1976 simulated by a meteorological processor
using as input the hourly NWS reports from Augusta
and twice-daily radiosonde reports from Athens, Geor-
gia.
Keywords: "Boundary layer, "Meteorological data,
Wind(Meteorology), Atmospheric temperature, Turbu-
lence, Diurnal variations, Temperature inversions, Pro-
files, Comparison, Georgia, * Augusta(Georgia),
"Athens(Georgia).
PB85-198356/HSU	PC A02/MF AOI
Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Air A
Survey of Various Structures,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J. D. Pleil, K. Oliver, and W. A. McClenny. 1985,15p
EPA/600/D-85/100
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Co-workers collected indoor air samples in their
homes in SUMMA polished canisters. Upon receipt in
the laboratory, the whole air samples were analyzed
for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using cryogen-
ic sample preconcentration and subsequent capillary
column chromatography. Each homeowner was asked
to fill out a questionnaire concerning physical, structur-
al and activity-related characteristics that could affect
VOC concentrations. Simultaneous flame ionization
and electron capture detection yielded quantitative
concentration data in a range 0.1 to 10 ppbv for 19
calibration compounds: propane, vinyl chloride, vinyli-
dene chloride, Freon 113, chloroform, 1,2dichloroeth-
ane, methyl chloroform, benzene, carbon tetrachlo-
ride, trichloroethylene, cis-1,3-dichloropropene, trans-
1,3-dichloropropene, toluene, 1,2-dibromoethane, te-
trachloroethylene, chlorobenzene, o-xylene, benzyl
chloride and hexachlorobutadiene. Certain other Com-
pounds could also be identified and quantified based
upon occasional analyses of appropriate standards.
These data are presented in three sample groups;
summer indoor samples, winter indoor samples, and
combined summer and winter outdoor samples. In ad-
dition, some probable correlations between residential
characteristics and the occurrence of various com-
pounds In indoor air are discussed.
Keywords: "Houses, *Gas analysis, "Chromatogra-
phic analysis, "Environmental surveys, Sampling,
Concentration(Composition), Chemical analysis, Resi-
dential buildings, Sites, North Carolina, Standards
Calibrating, "Indoor air pollution, "Volatile organic
compounds. "Air pollution detection. 'Emission fac-
tors, Air pollution sampling, Capillary column chroma-
tography, Research Triangle Park(North Carolina)
Flame ionization detectors, Electron capture detec-
tors.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB85-198364/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Data Base Development and Analysis for Water
Distribution Systems,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
J. A. Goodrich, J. Q. Adams, and R. M. Clark. May 85,
8p EPA/600/D-85/098
There have been a number of studies estimating the
costs of repairing, replacing, or renovating the authors
aging distribution networks. Although useful in general
terms, characterizing a system by age and/or breaks
per mile of mains is of limited use to a utility trying to
manage increasing maintenance costs. The purpose
of this paper is to (1) provide insight into developing a
data base centered approach for reliability analyses
and (2) suggest which analytical tools may be the most
useful.
Keywords: "Water distribution, "Distribution systems.
Maintenance, Reliability, Cost analysis,
Aging(Materials), Surveys, Renovating, Information re-
trieval, "Data base management systems, Microcom-
puters.
PB85-198372/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Sensitivity of Rainbow Trout Early Life Stages to
Nickel Chloride. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A. V Nebeker, C. Savonen, and D. G. Stevens. 1985,
10p EPA/600/J-85/016
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 4, n2
p233-239 1985.
Four acute tests (96-h) with juvenile fish and four early
life stage tests with embryos and larvae were complet-
ed with rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Ninety-six-
hour flow-through LC50 values for juveniles ranged
from 8.1 to 10.9 mg/l nickel. Two early life stage tests
were started with newly fertilized eggs, one test was
started with eyed eggs and one test was started with
pre-swim-up larval fish. No observed effect levels
(NOEL), the highest nickel concentration without sta-
tistically significant adverse effects, for the two tests
with newly fertilized eggs were less than 35 and 35 ug/
I. The NOEL for the tests starting with eyed eggs and
larval fish was 134 ug/l nickel. Early life stages were
most sensitive when newly fertilized eggs were initially
exposed, followed in sensitivity by eyed eggs, larval
fish and juvenile fish.
Keywords: 'Trout, "Toxicity, "Chlorides, "Nickel,
'Water pollution, Tests, Larvae,
Concentration(Composition),	Exposure,
Tolerances(Physiology), Reprints, "Salmo gairdneri.
PB85-198380	Not available NTIS
Analysis of Hazardous Waste and Environmental
Extracts by Capillary Gas Chromatography/Fouri-
er Transform Infrared Spectrometry and Capillary
Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Journal
article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
D. F. Gurka, M. Hiatt, and R. Titus. C1984,11p EPA/
600/J-84/286
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas.
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry 56, n7 p1102-1110 Jun
84.
The relative sensitivities of fused-silica capillary
column gas chromatography/Fourier transform infra-
red spectrometry (FSCC/GC/FT-IR) versus packed-
column GC/FT-IR and FSCC/GC/FT-IR versus fused-
silica capillary column gas chromatography/mass
spectrometry (FSCC/GC/MS) were compared. As part
of this study, complex environmental extracts were
analyzed by both FSCC/GC/FT-IR and FSCC/GC/
MS. The on-line library search results for both tech-
niques were compared with the visually-checked spec-
tral results for all FSCC/GC/FT-IR detectable ana-
lytes. Positive analyte identification depended strongly
on sample preparation technique, search library con-
tent, chromatographic resolution and compound class.
It was concluded that a target compound approach
would not have utilized much of the available analyte
information in these extracts.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Environmental sur-
veys, "Extraction, "Chemical analysis. Comparison,
Gas chromatography, Infrared spectroscopy, Mass
spectroscopy, Sampling, Reprints, Fused silica capil-
lary column gas chromatography, Fourier transform
spectroscopy.
PB85-198398	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Assessment of Historical Change In Two Northern
Minnesota Lakes,
Minnesota Univ.-Duluth. Dept. of Biology.
J. R. Hargis, and L. J. Shannon. C1984,8p EPA/600/J-
84/290
Pub. in Environmental Management 8, n6 p481-487
1984.
Two northern Minnesota lakes that had been studied
in detail 22 years earlier (1958) were restudied to de-
termine the extent of alteration in ecological condi-
tions. Approximately one year after the original investi-
gation, a coal-fired power plant, which incremented
sulfate loading by about 6 kg/ha-yr, began operation
nine miles away. These lakes lie within a region judged
susceptible to acidic precipitation, though each lake,
based on its buffering capacity, would be judged only
moderately sensitive. In spite of the influence of this
plant and other anthropogenic inputs, the change in
lake ecology was apparently minimal. Water clarity de-
creased in both lakes and some alteration in zooplank-
ton community structure was observed. The long-term
utility of lake surveys depends upon how carefully and
completely conditions can be reconstructed from
records and reports. (Copyright (c) 1984 Springer-
Verlag New York Inc.)
Keywords:	"Ecology,	"Acidity,
"Precipitatlon(Meteorology), "Water pollution, "Lakes,
Electric power plants, Inorganic sulfates, Zooplankton,
Tolerances(Physiology), Clarity, Limnology, Minneso-
ta, Reprints, "Acid precipitation.
PB85-19B406	Not available NTIS
Identification of Dyes by Thermospray Ionization
and Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
L. D. Betowski, and J. M. Ballard. C1984,6p EPA/600/
J-84/288
Prepared in cooperation with Lockheed Engineering
and Management Services Co., Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry 56, n13 p2604-2607 Nov
84.
The identification of ionic dyestuffs by thermospray
ionization and MS/MS using a triple quadrupole mass
spectrometer is reported. Basic Red 14 is shown to
contain three major constituents, with ions at m/z 344,
291 and 346, respectively, identified by collision acti-
vated dissociation (CAD) experiments.
Keywords: "Dyes, "Chemical analysis, "Mass spec-
troscopy, 'Hazardous materials, 'Environmental sur-
veys, Molecular structure, Reprints, "Thermospray ion-
ization, "Collision activated dissociation.
PB85-198S53/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Chemical Transformation Modules for Eulerlan
Acid Deposition Model*. Volume 2. The Aqueous-
Phase Chemistry,
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder,
CO.
M. R. Hoffmann, and J. G. Calvert. May 85,167p EPA/
600/3-85/036
See also Volume 1, PB85-173714. Prepared in coop-
eration with California Inst, of Tech., Pasadena. W. M.
Keck Lab. of Environmental Engineering Science.
This study focuses on the review and evaluation of
mechanistic and kinetic data for aqueous-phase reac-
tions that lead to the production of acidic substances
in the environment. The intent of this research is to
provide a framework that can be used to develop a
state-of-the-art aqueous-phase mechanism for use in
the Regional Acid Deposition Model under develop-
ment at NCAR. In the research effort described in this
report, thirty-one tables of kinetic data and twenty-
seven tables of thermodynamic data were compiled
and evaluated. A set of recommended rate expres-
sions and kinetic data were then prepared for the pre-
dominant aqueous-phase pathways leading to acid
generation in the troposphere.
Keywords: "Liquid phases, "Acids, "Reaction kinetics,
"Air pollution, "Phase transformations, "Chemical
equilibrium, Chemical reactions, Tables(Data), Tropo-
sphere, Comparison, pH, Ions, Oxidants, Thermody-
namics, Ozone, Drops(Liquids), "Regional acid depo-
sition model, "Chemical reaction mechanisms, "Acid
rain, Atmospheric chemistry, State of the art.
PB8S-198679/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Technologies and Costs for the Removal of Fluo-
ride from Potable Water Supplies (Draft).
Ciccone (V.J.) and Associates, Inc., Woodbridge, VA.
25 May 84, 106p
Contract EPA-68-01-6572
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency (USEPA) has prepared a draft
document entitled Technologies and Costs for the Re-
moval of Fluoride in Potable Water Supplies. This Doc-
ument is a preliminary draft which has not, as yet, been
formally released by ODW, USEPA and should not be
construed at this stage to represent Agency policy.
This Document is a review of the technical information
on the methods currently available for the removal of
fluoride from drinking water. The document presents
information on both the cost and effectiveness of
available methods.
Keywords: "Water treatment, "Fluorides, "Cost analy-
sis, "Water supply, "Defluorination, Potable water,
Water quality, Waste disposal, Substitutes, Drinking
water, Activated alumina process, Reverse osmosis,
Lime softening process.
PB85-198760	Not available NTIS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Determination of Microbial Cell Numbers in Sub-
surface Samples. Journal article,
Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater. Dept. of Biochemis-
try.
J. J. Webster, G. J. Hampton, J. T. Wilson, W. C.
Ghiorse, and F. R. Leach. c1985,11 p EPA/600/J-85/
018
Prepared in cooperation with Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
Pub. in Ground Water, v23 n1 p17-25 Jan-Feb 85.
Ground-water pollution by organic compounds has
become a major environmental concern. Because the
transport and fate of the organic pollutants may be in-
fluenced by microorganisms present in subsurface ma-
terial, reliable measurements of the number of orga-
nisms in subsurface samples and their metabolic activ-
ity are needed. A special drilling rig and aseptic proce-
dures have been developed by the Robert S. Kerr En-
vironmental Research Laboratory of the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency to yield uncontaminated
subsurface samples. The number of bacteria in sub-
surface samples has been determined by microscopic
counting after acridine orange staining; the proportion
of cells capable of respiration was determined by INT
reduction. An independent measure of metabolic activ-
ity was obtained by measuring ATP extracted from the
samples. A procedure and extractant for the extraction
of ATP from subsurface material have been devel-
oped. The extractant contains reagents to reduce the
loss of the extracted ATP.
Keywords: 'Microorganisms, "Ground water, "Water
pollution. Measurement, Subsurface investigations,
Bacteria, Sampling, Cells(Biology), Metabolism,
Agents, Dyes, Extractors, Comparison, Oklahoma,
Texas, Reprints.
PB85-188810/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Manganese Chloride Enhances Natural Cell-Medi-
ated Immune Effector Cell Function: Effects on
Macrophages. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. J. Smialowicz, R. W. Luebke, R. R. Rogers, M. M.
Riddle, and D. G. Rowe. 1965,12p EPA/600/J-85/
028
Pub. in Immunopharmacology 9, p1-11 Jan 85.
A single intramuscular injection of MnCI2 in mice
caused an increase in macrophage functional activity.
Spleen cell antibody-dependent cellmediated cytotoxi-
city (ADCC) against both chicken erythrocytes and
P815 tumor cell targets was enhanced 24 hours fol-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
lowing a single injection of MnCI2. Enhanced ADCC
activity following MnCI2 treatment was not associated
with a change in spleen cellularities compared with
saline injected mice. Resident peritoneal macro-
phages from mice injected intramuscularly with MnCI2
displayed enhanced phagocytic activity for chicken
erythrocytes in the presence or absence of opsonizing
antibody. Enhanced cytolytic activity against P815
mastocytoma target cells and enhanced cytostatic ac-
tivity against MBL-2 lymphoma target celt was also ob-
served for non-elicited resident peritoneal macro-
phages from mice injected intramuscularly with MnCI2.
There were no differences in the cellularity or relative
number of adherent cells obtained from the peritoneal
cavity of saline or MnCI2 injected mice. These en-
hanced macrophage functions were associated with
the induction of increased interferon levels in mice in-
jected with MnCI2.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, Mice, Laboratory animals,
*lmmuno chemistry, "Manganese chloride, 'Immuno-
logic cytotoxicity. Macrophage activation, Carcino-
genesis.
PB85-198828	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Modification of the 14C Most-Probable-Number
Method for Use with Nonpolar and Volatile Sub-
strates. Journal article,
Georgia State Univ., Atlanta. Dept. of Biology.
C. C. Somerville, C. A. Monti, and J. C. Spain. c1985,
4p EPA/600/J-85/021
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology 49, n3
p711-713 Mar 85.
A method was developed to allow the use of volatile
and nonpolar substrates in (14)C most-probable-
number tests. Naphthalene or hexadecane was
sorbed to filter paper disks and submerged in minimal
medium. The procedure reduced the volatilization of
the substrates while allowing them to remain available
for microbial degradation. (Copyright (c) 1985, Ameri-
can Society for Microbiology).
Keywords: 'Microorganisms, 'Biodeteriation, 'Hydro-
carbons, 'Environmental surveys, Isotopic labeling,
Carbon 14, Exposures, Substrates, Petroleum prod-
ucts, Bacteria, Naphthalene, Revisions, Sediments,
Water pollution, Reprints, 'Most probable number
methods, Hexadecane, Hexadecanes.
PB85-198836	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Antimicrobial Activities of N-Chloramines and Dla-
zolidinyl Urea. Journal article,
Georgia State Univ., Atlanta.
C. M. Llabres, and D. G. Ahearn. c1985, 5p EPA/600/
5/J-85/019
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v49
n2 P370-373 Feb 85.
A combination of MICs of an N-chloramine, a simple
chlorinated amino acid, and diazolidinyl urea gave syn-
ergistic activity against bacteria, but not fungi. The two
compounds at a higher concentration, 0.1 and 0.3%,
respectively, gave synergistic inhibition of fungi; kill
times were 1 h for Trichopyton tonsurans, 3 h for As-
pergillus niger and Fusarium moniliforme, and 6 h for
Aspergillus fumigatus. (Copyright (c) 1985, American
Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Bacteria, 'Preservatives, 'Inhibitors,
Fungi, Microorganism, Toxicity, Additives, pH, Per-
formance evaluation, Reprints, 'Antimicrobial agents,
'Chloramines, 'Urea/diazolidinyl, Consumer products.
PB85-198844	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Fate and Toxicity of High Density Missile Fuels
RJ-5 and JP-9 In Aquatic Test Systems. Journal ar-
ticle,
Georgia State Univ., Atlanta. Dept. of Biology.
J C Spain, and C. C. Somerville. c1985,11p EPA/
600/J-85/020
Pub. in Chemosphere, v 14 n2 p239-248 1985.
The high density missile fuels RJ-5 and JP-9 resisted
biodegradation when incubated with water/sediment
suspensions collected from aquatic habitats. RJ-5 and
JP-9 were not toxic to the microbial communities at
concentrations of 400 mg per liter, but RJ-5 was toxic
to Mysidopsis bahia in 96-hour acute test (LC50 88 mi-
crograms/!). (Copyright (c) 1985 Pergamon Press Ltd.)
350 Vol. 90, No. 24
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Fuels, 'Biodeterioration, "Water
pollution, Aquatic biology, Tests, Marine biology, Mis-
siles, Microorganisms, Bacteria, Microbiology, Glu-
cose, Comparison, Synthetic fuels, "Mysidopsis bahia.
Salt marshes, RJ-5, JP-9.
PB85-198851	Not available NTIS
Inhalation Studies of Mt. St. Helens Volcanic Ash
in Animals: Respiratory Mechanics, Airway Reac-
tivity and Deposition. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. J. Wiester, C. J. Setzer, B. E. Barry, R. R. Mercer,
and M. A. Grady. c1985,12p EPA/600/J-85/024
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC., and Duke Univ. Medical
Center, Durham, NC. Dept. of Pathology.
Pub. in Environmental Research 36, n1 p230-240 Feb
85.
Effects of fine volcanic ash aerosol on pulmonary me-
chanical properties of awake guinea pigs were evaluat-
ed during exposure by inhalation. Ash penetration into
the lungs as well as tissue response to ash were deter-
mined by transmission electron microscopy. The reac-
tivity of airway epithelial irritant receptors following ash
exposure was assessed using a histamine broncho-
provocation test. It appears that even though Mt. St.
Helens ash was well tolerated by the guinea pig during
the exposure, its presence in the inhaled air did
change the 'histamine sensitivity' of airway epithelial ir-
ritant receptors.
Keywords: "Toxicology, 'Volcanic ejecta, Deposition,
Respiration, Guinea pigs, Histamine receptors, 'Air
pollution effects(Animals), 'Inhalation provocation
tests.
PB85-198869/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Use of Sensory Evoked Potentials in Toxicology.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. S. Dyer. 1985, 20p EPA/600/J-85/025
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 5, n1
P24-40 Feb 85.
The rationale for studying sensory systems as an inte-
gral part of neurotoxicological examinations is present-
ed. The role of evoked potentials in assessing brain
dysfunction in general and sensory systems in particu-
lar is also presented. Four types of sensory evoked po-
tentials (brainstem auditory evoked response, somato-
sensory evoked potentials, flash evoked potentials
and pattern reversal evoked potentials) are discussed
in terms of their demonstrated contributions to neuro-
toxicology and clinical neurology. Research needed to
allow these methods to achieve their full value for
neurotoxicology is identified and briefly discussed.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Reprints, "Sensory evoked
potentials, Neurotoxicology, Evoked potentials.
PB8S-198877	Not available NTIS
Inhalable Particles and Pulmonary Host Defense:
'In vivo' and 'In vitro' Effects of Ambient Air and
Combustion Particles. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
G. E. Hatch, E. Boykin, J. A. Graham, J. Lewtas, and F.
Pott. C1985,15p EPA/600/J-85/026
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC., and Duesseldorf Univ.,
(Germany, F.R.).
The ability of particulate air pollutants (and possible
constituents) to alter pulmonary host defenses was ex-
amined using an in vitro alveolar macrophage cytotoxi-
city assay and an in vivo bacterial infectivity screening
test which employed intratracheal injection of the parti-
cles. A wide range of response between particles was
seen at the 1.0 mg/ml level in vitro and the 0.1 mg/
mouse level in vivo. A sample of fluidized-bed coal fly
ash, bentonite, asbestos, some ambient air particles
and heavy metal oxides greatly increased susceptibili-
ty to pulmonary bacterial infection. Most coal fly ash
samples and some air particles caused moderate in-
creases in infectivity, while diesel particulates, volcanic
ash, and crystalline silica caused only small increases.
Cytotoxic effects on macrophages in vitro were ob-
served with most of the particles. The in vivo and in
vitro assays produced a similar ranking of toxicity,
however, not all particles that were highly cytotoxic
were potent in increasing bacterial infectivity. In-
creased toxicity measurable by either assay often ap-
peared to be associated with small size or with the
presence of metal in the particles. (Copyright (c) 1985
by Academic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: "Air pollution, "In vivo analysis, 'In vitro
analysis, "Toxicity, "Bioassay, Laboratory animals,
Bacteria, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Ex-
haust emissions, X ray analysis, Pulmonary diseases,
Electric power plants, Fly ash, Fluidized bed process-
ing, Particles, Metals, Reprints, "Air pollution
effects(Animals), 'Cytotoxicity.
PB85-198893	Not available NTIS
Bacterial Mutagenicity of Aceanthrylene: A Novel
Cyclopenta-Fused Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocar-
bon of Low Molecular Weight. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. J. Kohan, R. Sangaiah, L. M. Ball, and A. Gold.
C1985, 5p EPA/600/J-85/027
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environmental Sciences and En-
gineering.
Pub. in Mutation Research 155, n3 p95-98 Mar 85.
Aceanthrylene, a novel non-alternant cyclopenta-
fused hydrocarbon, was shown to be a potent S9-de-
pendent mutagen in the Ames Salmonella plate incor-
poration assay. The mutagenic potency of aceanthry-
lene is consistent with predictions of its activity based
on the relatively large derealization energy delta
E(sup deloc) = 0.931 beta of the carbonium ion which
would result from oxirane ring opening of the 1,2 epox-
ide, a potential active metabolite.
Keywords: "Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, 'Bac-
teria, 'Mutagens, 'Bioassay, "Environmental surveys,
Molecular weight, Metabolism, Reprints, 'Aceanthry-
lene, 'Ames test.
PB85-199073/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Industrial Boiler S02 Cost Report,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. H. Laughlin, J. A. Maddox, and S. C. Margerum. Nov
84, 88p EPA/450/3-85/011
Contract EPA-68-02-3816
This report is a resource document for the develop-
ment of Federal standards of performance for control
of sulfur dioxide emissions for new industrial boilers. It
presents capital and annualized costs for S02 control
technologies applied to coal- and residual oil-fired In-
dustrial boilers. Control costs are presented for model
boilers with heat input capacities of 100,150,250, and
400 million Btu per hour firing fuels with various sulfur
contents and achieving 50, 70, and 90 percent S02 re-
duction using flue gas desulfurization systems. The
cost algorithms used to calculate these costs are also
presented.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Boil-
ers, 'Standards, 'Economic analysis, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Cost analysis, National
government, Capitalized costs, Operating cbsts. Flue
gases, 'Air pollution economics, Flue gas desulfuriza-
tion.
PB85-199230/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Research on Fish and Wildlife Habitat,
Fish and Wildlife Service, Leetown, WV.
W. T. Mason. Jul 82,261 p EPA/600/8-82/022
This publication contains a series of monographs that
discuss and describe computerized habitat manage-
ment tools and data bases; habitat classification sys-
tems; the impact of public policy on habitats and eco-
systems; the ecological values of wetlands; progress
on research in ecotoxicity; reclamation or restoration
of damaged ecosystems; and research needs in the
ecosystem and habitats areas.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Wildlife, 'Information systems,
Classifications, Ecosystems, Toxicity, Policies, Re-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB85-199313/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Occurrence of Fluoride in Drinking Water, Food,
and Air (Draft).
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
25 May 84, 67p
Contract EPA-68-01-6388
This Document is a review of the available information
on distribution of the fluoride occurrence levels in
drinking water. The occurrence of fluoride in food and
air are also reviewed. The Document provides esti-
mates of the relative exposures from these sources.
Keywords: "Fluorides, 'Potable water, 'Water supply,
Concentration(Composition), Surface waters, Esti-
mates, Exposure, Food, Air, Evaporation,
Plants(Botany), Animals, Rural areas, Surveys, 'Drink-
ing water.
PB85-199321/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Final Draft for the Drinking Water Criteria Docu-
ment of Fluoride.
Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH.
9 Apr 85, 191pTR-540-61F
Contract EPA-68-01 -6750
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency (USEPA) has prepared a Draft
Criteria Document on Fluoride. This Document is a
preliminary draft which has not, as yet, been formally
released by the ODW, USEPA and should not be con-
strued at this stage to represent Agency Policy. This
Draft Fluoride Criteria Document is an extensive
review of the following topics: Physical and chemical
properties of fluoride; toxicokinetics and human expo-
sure to fluoride; health effects of fluoride in humans
and animals; mechanisms of toxicity of fluoride; quanti-
fication of fluoride toxicity.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Fluorides, 'Water supply,
Physical properties, Toxicity, Exposure, Public health,
Humans, Animals, Drinking water.
PB85-199396/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Trace Metai Concentrations in the Offshore
Waters of Lakes Erie and Michigan. Special rept.,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Div.
R. Rossmann. Nov 84,190p SR-108
Grant EPA-R-005709-01
During 1981, water samples were collected from ten
Lake Erie and ten Lake Michigan stations. In both Lake
Erie and Lake Michigan, large percentages of alumi-
num, iron, and manganese were associated with par-
ticulate matter. A substantial fraction of the total beryl-
lium, cobalt, copper, lead, tin, vanadium, and zinc were
associated with Lake Michigan particulate matter. In
Lake Erie, a substantial fraction of the total silver, be-
ryllium, chromium, copper, mercury, lead, tin, and va-
nadium were associated with the particulate fraction.
For Lake Michigan and especially Lake Erie, it appears
that a significant fraction of the particulates may have
been resuspended sediment.
Keywords: 'Lake Erie, 'Lake Michigan, 'Aluminum,
'Iron,	'Manganese,	Sediments,
Concentration(Composition), Water pollution, 'Trace
metals, Particulates.
PB8S-199669/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Slow Sand Fflter Maintenance Costs and Effects
on Water Quality. Final rept. Jun 83-Dec 84,
Syracuse Univ., NY.
R. D. Letterman, and T. R. Cullen. May 85,125p EPA/
600/2-85/056
A study was conducted to determine how slow sand
filter effluent quality is affected by scraping and to
quantify the labor required to operate and maintain a
slow sand filter. The data were obtained by monitoring
scraping and other maintenance operations at six full-
size slow sand filtration plants in Central New York.
The time required for filtrate quality to improve after
filter scraping varied from 6 hr to 2 weeks at the slow
sand filtration plants visited. In four of ten maintenance
operations some quality deterioration occurred. The
nature of the particulate matter in raw water apparently
has an important effect on filtrate quality, and a pilot
plant study should always be conducted before a slow
sand filtration plant is constructed. Continuous moni-
toring of the turbidity of each filter effluent may be
needed to determine if filter maintenance operations
have a detrimental effect on treated water quality.
Keywords: "Sand filters, 'Water treatment, "Water
pollution, Maintenance, Cost analysis, Operating
costs, Pilot plants, Monitoring, Deterioration, Turbidity,
Particles, Removal, Sands, Scraping.
PB85-199685/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Biological Treatability of KRW Energy Systems
Gasifier PDU (Process Development Unit)
Wastewaters. Final rept. Jun 83-Dec 84,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
F. J. Castaldi. May 85,186p EPA/600/7-85/019
Contract EPA-68-02-3137
The report gives results of bench-scale biological
treatability tests with wastewaters produced from the
KRW Energy Systems gasifier process development
unit (KRW-PDU). Goals of the tests were to assess the
biotreatability of these aqueous wastes and to develop
data for correlations to establish a basis for designing
a biooxidation process. An autotrophic activated
sludge process was developed that utilized a mixed
culture of nitrifying and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria for si-
multaneous thiocyanate biodegradation and nitrifica-
tion. Elevated concentrations of chloride, fluoride, and
boron in experimental wastewaters did not inhibit
either nitrifying or sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in the acti-
vated sludge process. However, heavy metals were
concentrated in the activated sludges, thought to be a
consequence of the long sludge ages of the experi-
mental process.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Coal gasification,
'Oxidation, 'Activated sludge process, "Nitrification,
Bacteria, Industrial waste treatment, 'Biological indus-
trial waste treatment.
PB85-200004/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Proceedings: Annual Acid Deposition Emissions
Inventory Symposium (1st). Rept. for Sep 84-Apr
85,
Radian Corp., Morrisville, NC.
J. B. Homolya. May 85,147p* EPA/600/9-85/015
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
Sponsored by Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
The proceedings document a 2-day symposium on the
progress in implementing the National Acid Precipita-
tion Assessment Program (NAPAP) Task Group B's
emission inventory programs. The meeting was intend-
ed primarily for government, academic, and private
sector individuals involved in either developing or
using atmospheric emission inventories for acid depo-
sition and air quality research. Topics included the de-
velopment of emission factors for a wide range of pol-
lutant emissions and the use of detailed emission in-
ventories for atmospheric transport, transformation,
and deposition modeling. The meeting: (1) provided
detailed presentation and information transfer of the
NAPAP emission inventory program; (2) illustrated and
strengthened the relationship between the emission
inventory data base and its users; and (3) compared
and contrasted the NAPAP emission inventory with
other on-going emission inventory development pro-
grams.
Keywords: "Meetings, 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical
models, Transport properties, Sources, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products. Exhaust emissions,
'National acid precipitation assessment program,
'Emission inventories, "Air quality, 'Acid rain, Emis-
sion factors.
PB85-200020/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Temporal and Spatial Variability of the Visual Ef-
fects of Stack Plumes. Final rept. 1 Feb 83-1 Jan
84,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
C. Seigneur, A. B. Hudischewskyj, and H. Hogo. May
85, 49p EPA/600/3-85/039
Temporal and spatial variabilities of stack plumes are
analyzed by means of field data analysis and computer
simulations. In this investigation, photographs from
field programs of the study Visibility Impairment due to
Sulfur Transport and Transformation in the Atmos-
phere were analyzed via sensitometry, and PLUVUE II
model simulations were conducted for a case study.
Analysis of the temporal variability of plume visibility
led to documentation of the fact that the visual effects
of plumes vary with time because of (1) turbulent fluc-
tuations, (2) changes in atmospheric stability, and (3)
changes in the observer-plume-sun scattering angle.
Likewise, the analysis of the spatial variability of plume
visibility led to the fact that the visual effects of plumes
vary with downwind distance from the stacks because
of (1) turbulent fluctuations, (2) dilution of the plume
and/or a change in the observer-plume distance, and
(3) changes in the observer-plume-sun scattering
angle.
Keywords: "Plumes, 'Visibility, 'Spatial distribution,
'Temporal environments, 'Air pollution, Chimneys,
Field tests, Mathematical models, Turbulent flow,
Comparison, Atmospheric scattering, Atmospheric dis-
turbances, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Electric power plants, Experimential design, "Sulfur
transport and transformation program, "Atmospheric
dispersion, Computer applications.
PB85-200038/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Removal and Recovery of Fluoborates and Metal
Ions from Electroplating Wastewater. Final rept.,
New Jersey Inst, of Tech., Newark.
J. W. Liskowitz, V. N. Cagnati, T. Hunter, and R.
Haralson. May 85, 91p EPA/600/2-85/054
Grant EPA-R-804710
Two separate methods for the treatment of fluoborate
wastewater from the electroplating of tin, solder,
copper and nickel stripping were investigated. These
involved specific ion flotation and electrodialysis to
treat dilute waste streams from single tank rinsing or
concentrated wastewaters from counter-current or
series rinsing, respectively. The fluoborate ion was
found to bind with an alkylamine acetate by displace-
ment of the acetate group and can be removed from
dilute waste stream either by air flotation or ultrafiltra-
tion. Ultrafiltration provided greater rates of removal
than air flotation. The surfactant can be recovered for
reuse by electrolysis. A new high density low porosity
graphite anode that is resistant to the corrosive prop-
erties of fluoboric acid electrolyte was developed for
electrodialysis treatment of the tin, solder and copper
fluoborate containing wastewaters. Fluoboric acid
electrolyte was used to prevent contamination of the
products with sulfate ion. Recoveries of the metal ions
were in excess of 90 percent with the stannous ion
being preferentially concentrated in the product and
with the stannic ion remaining preferentially in the
feed. In general, recoveries of the fluoborate ions were
in excess of 80 percent.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, "Electroplating,
'materials recovery, Electrodialysis, Flotation, Metal
finishing, Electrolysis, Surfactants, 'Fluoborates,
'Waste utilization, "Waste recycling, 'Ion selective
electrodes, Ultrafiltration.
PB85-200046/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Donnan Dialysis for Treatment of
Nickel Plating Rlnsewater. Final rept.,
Seaboard Metal Finishing Co., Inc., West Haven, CT.
E. T. Roach. May 85,46p EPA/600/2-85/055
Grant EPA-R-804655
A program to demonstrate the feasibility of metal salt
recovery and pollution control by ion selective diffu-
sion, also known as Donnan dialysis was conducted
on a Watts type nickel plating line. The objective of the
program was to demonstrate the tubular membrane
configuration and to determine the suitable operating
conditions for the equipment. Several modules, con-
sisting of tubular cation exchange membrane material
mounted within a shell, were used to remove nickel ion
from plating rinsewater with accompanying replace-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ment of the nickel by hydrogen ion. Recovery rates
were determined at various operating conditions.
Keywords: 'Nickel, "Materials recovery, "Solid waste
disposal, "Electroplating, "Dialysis, "Membranes,
•Hazardous wastes, Cation exchanging, Performance
evaluation, Feasibility, Industrial waste treatment,
Metal finishing, Water pollution control, Nickel coat-
ings, "Donnan dialysis systems, "Waste recycling,
"Metal recycling.
PB85-200194/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Protocol for Size-Specific Emission Measure-
ments (SIM-5) Applied to PM(10). Final rept.,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
W. E. Farthing, J. D. McCain, A. D. Williamson, and T.
E. Ward. 1985, 21p EPA/600/D-85/109
Contract EPA-68-02-3696
Aerosol particles can be withdrawn from industrial
process streams and separated into two or more aero-
dynamic size fractions with a commercially-available
inertia! impactor or cyclone. However, with this current-
ly-available equipment, the process gas must be sam-
pled at a constant flow rate to provide constant size
cut(s). Thus, traversing of a duct in one sampling run
while maintaining isokinetic flow rate as in EPA Refer-
ence Methods 5 or 17, cannot be performed, because
the flow rate cannot be adjusted from point to point to
match stream and sampling nozzle velocities. Sam-
pling theory was analyzed to develop a protocol for ex-
isting hardware which limits anisokinetic sampling
error to acceptable levels, requires traversing, and is
practical enough for source sampling. Anisokinetic
sampling error was characterized for aerosol size dis-
tributions measured at sources and for hypothetical
distributions. A protocol was developed and tested in
which net sampling error is always less than 13% even
if anisokinetic error is 20%. In this investigation, sam-
pling at typical sources yielded much smaller errors. At
most sources, a full traverse is permitted with one
sampling run and one nozzle size per run.
Keywords: "Aerosols, "Particle size, "Samplers,
"Mass flow, Industrial wastes, Design criteria. Perform-
ance evaluation, Sites, Combustion products, Particle
size distribution, Concentration(Composition), Impac-
tors, Cyclone separators, "Size specific emission
measurements, "Stationary sources, "Air pollution
sampling, "Simulated method 5, Computer applica-
tions, Anisokinetic error coefficients.
PB85-200244/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Trends In Sulfur Dioxide Emissions from the Elec-
tric Utility Industry and Ambient Sulfur Dioxide
Concentrations In the Northeastern United States,
1975-1982,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
A. K. Pollack, and C. S. Burton. May 85,153p EPA/
600/3-85/035
Contract EPA-68-01-6614
Trends in monthly power plant S02 emissions and
monthly average ambient S02 concentrations are de-
termined for 21 northeastern states and the District of
Columbia. Due to the recession of the late 1970's,
power plant emissions in most of the industrialized
states decreased by up to 30%. Meanwhile, for more
than half of the states, there is evidence of a down-
ward trend in the ambient concentrations, even though
many of the monitoring sites were located in urban
areas. Correlations of the seasonally adjusted emis-
sions and ambient concentrations were calculated at
the local, state and regional levels. In general, higher
correlations are observed in those states with higher
levels of emissions. In the six-state region of the Ohio
River Valley the correlation between the seasonally
adjusted emissions and ambient concentrations was
0.75.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Sulfur dioxide, Trends, Elec-
tric power plants, Concentration(Composition), Urban
areas, State government, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products. Sampling, Sites, Forecasting, "North-
east Region(United States), "Air pollution sampling.
PB85-200285/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
352 Vol. 90, No. 24
Laboratory Evaluation of NO(sub X) Reduction
Techniques for Refinery CO Boilers. Final rept.
Mar-Dec 83,
KVB, Inc., Irvine, CA.
H B. Lange, J. K. Arand, M. N. Mansour, and S. C.
Hunter. Apr 85, 81 p KVB72-806034-1948, EPA/600/
7-85/017
Contract EPA-68-02-3690
The report describes a laboratory test program to in-
vestigate NOx emissions from refinery CO boilers. The
program had three major objectives: (1) to simulate in
the laboratory a full-scale refinery CO boiler, (2) to in-
vestigate the effects of operational variables on NOx
formation in the boiler furnace, and (3) to evaluate
combustion modification techniques to reduce the
NOx emissions. The laboratory model was shown to
accurately represent combustion and NOx formation
processes occurring in the full-scale boiler by compar-
ing combustion products analyses over a range of op-
erating conditions. The most significant operating vari-
ables influencing NOx formation in the CO boiler were
found to be the ammonia level in the CO-gas and the
burner stoichiometry. NOx reduction methods that
were tested included combustion air staging, staged
admission of fuel, fuel injection in the CO-gas, rede-
sign of the fuel injectors, and burner throat redesign.
The most effective NOx reduction technique was
found to be combustion air staging. NOx formation in
the CO boiler was reduced to zero (NOx emission
equivalent to NOx entering with CO-gas) in the labora-
tory while maintaining acceptable (<200 ppm) CO
levels in the stack gas. While zero NOx formation will
probably not be achievable in the field, substantial
NOx reductions should be achievable under practical
operating conditions.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Burners, "Carbon
monoxide, "Nitrogen oxides, "Refineries, Experimen-
tal design, Design criteria, Performance evaluation. In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Stoichiometry,
"Combustion modification.
PB8S-201093/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Field Evaluation of a Low-NO(sub X) Firing
System for Tangentlally Coal-Fired Utility Boilers.
Final rept. Aug 81-Mar 84,
Combustion Engineering, Inc., Windsor, CT.
A. Kokkinos, and R. D. Lewis. May 85,340p EPA/600/
7-85/018
Contract EPA-68-02-3655
The report gives results of a full-scale utility demon-
stration of Combustion Engineering's Low-NOx Con-
centric Firing System (LNCFS), conducted at Utah
Power and Light's 400 MWe Hunter No. 2 boiler. This
program was implemented to investigate and evaluate
the effectiveness of using concentric (offset) firing to
reduce NOx emission levels from tangentially coal-
fired utility boilers. The tests covered the period from
August 1981 to March 1984 and included six short-
term boiler characterization test series and four long-
term (30-day) continuous emissions monitor (CEM)
tests. A total of 384 characterization tests were con-
ducted during the six test series, analyzing boiler per-
formance and emissions as functions of excess air,
load, fuel elevations in service, burner tilt, overfire air
(OFA) flow, OFA tilt, offset angle, and fuel-air flow. Ad-
ditionally, furnace wall corrosion was monitored, both
short- (with corrosion coupons) and long-term (with
wall thickness measurements), by another contractor.
Overall program results have shown NOx emissions
levels of about 0.4 lb NOx per million Btu for the 30-day
continuous monitoring periods and about 0.3 lb NOx
per million Btu for the short-term optimization tests.
These levels represent 33 and 50% reductions in NOx
emissions levels, respectively, from baseline standard
operating procedures.
Keywords: "Boilers, "Air pollution control, Field tests.
Performance evaluation, Electric power plants,
Concentration(Composition), Design criteria, Sam-
pling, Sites, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Revisions, Corrosion tests, Tables(Data), "Coal fired
power plants, "Low nitrogen oxides concentric firing
systems, Combustion modifications, Air pollution sam-
pling.
PB85-201101/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Sensitivity Analysis of the Enhanced Simulation
of Human Air Pollution Exposure (SHAPE) Model,
General Software Corp., Landover, MD.
J. Thomas, D. Mage, L. Wallace, and W. Ott. May 85,
140p EPA/600/4-85/036
Contract EPA-68-01 -6595
A sensitivity analysis was undertaken of the Simulation
of Human Air Pollution Exposure (SHAPE) model,
which incorporates an enhanced version of the
Coburn-Forster-Kane (CFK) physiological model for
predicting a person's blood carboxyhemoglobin
(COHb) as a function of time in response to activities
of a sample of people in an urban area, exposing them
to pollutant concentrations from appropriate micro-en-
vironments as they move through time and space in a
24-hour period. The CFK model dynamically calculates
their blood COHb from their CO exposures, and the
person's ventilation rate is altered in response to their
level of activity. To conduct this sensitivity analysis, the
SHAPE program was run many times using different
combinations of values for its parameters, thus allow-
ing the contribution to COHb of each of many variables
to be examined. The following phenomena were found
to have significant effect, over and above the maxi-
mum COHb levels of the population: (1) CO exposure
contributed by the highway microenvironment; (2) alti-
tude of the city; (3) the CFK physiological parameters
(e.g., Haldane constant and endogenous CO produc-
tion). In contrast, if it is assumed that a person using an
indoor parking garage spends less than 10 minutes
there, then use of a parking garage has very little effect
on the COHb frequency distribution of the population.
For low-level CO exposure, use of either the linear or
nonlinear form of the CFK model yields essentially the
same results.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Mathematical models,
"Physiological effects, "Blood analysis, "Carbon mon-
oxide, "Public health, Urban areas, Exposure, High-
ways, Exhaust emissions, Hemoglobin,
Concentration(Composition), Altitude, "Air pollution
effects(Humans), "Simulation of Human Air Pollution
Exposure model, Coburn-Forster-Kane physiological
model.
PB85-201150/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Assessment of the Long-Term Precision of Con-
tinuous Emission Monitors,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
R. Rollins, T. J. Logan, and M. R. Midgett. 1985,16p
EPA/600/D-85/111
The EPA has promulgated regulations requiring certain
stationary sources to show continual compliance with
emission limits, by using a Continuous Emission Moni-
toring System (CEMS). In order to make reliable com-
pliance determinations, the quality of the monitoring
data is important. Two principal parameters in assess-
ing and describing data quality are precision and accu-
racy. The paper discusses the long-term precision for
five CEMS's installed at scrubber-controlled, coal-fired
power plants. Precision estimates were made by utiliz-
ing available daily calibration drift data. Six to seven
months of calibration drift data were analyzed for each
pollutant (S02, NOx) and diluent (02, C02) analyzer in
the CEMS. Results show that most of the monitors ex-
hibited significant bias and variance over the months
involved. Monitoring data precision varied significantly
from month to month and does not appear to be relat-
ed to monitor type or manufacturer.
Keywords: "Monitors, "Quality control, "Quality assur-
ance, "Standards, Inspection, Assessments, Perform-
ance evaluation, Calibrating, Sulfur dioxide. Nitrogen
oxides, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide,
Concentration(Composition), National government,
Scrubbing, "Continuous emission monitoring systems,
"Stationary sources, "Standards of performance for
new stationary sources, "Air pollution monitors, Coal
fired power plants.
PB8S-201168/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Factors Promoting 'In vitro' Excystation of 'Glar-
dla muris' Cysts. Journal article 1979-81,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
F. W. Schaefer, E. W. Rice, and J. C. Hoff. 1984,9p
EPA/600/J-84/295
Pub. in Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Giardia muris cysts, isolated from mouse feces, ex-
cysted routinely at levels greater than 90%, when in-
duced in 1X Hanks' supplemented with 17 mM gluta-
thione, 29 mM L-cysteine-HC1, and 50 mM NaHC03
for 30 minutes at 35 deg. C, followed by washing and
suspension in trypsin-Tyrode's solution at pH 8.0. Al-
though trypsin was not required in this final step, it en-
hanced the escape of the trophozoites from their
cysts. Giardia muris excystation was dependent upon
the length of the induction period, pH, oxidation-reduc-
tion potential, and temperature. Optimal induction con-
ditions for excystation were: an induction period of 5 to
30 minutes; pH of 2; 120 mV oxidation-reduction po-
tential; and a temperature around 35 deg. C. A gradual
decline in excystation occurred as pH and oxidation-
reduction potential were changed to 7 and 57 mV, re-
spectively. There was a pronounced increase in excys-
tation percentages with increasing temperatures be-
tween 0 and 37 deg. C.
Keywords: "Giardia, "Cysts, 'Water pollution, Proto-
zoa, Laboratory animals, Mice, Feces, pH, Viability,
Tests, Reprints, Excystation.
PB85-201176/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Develop, Evaluate and Validate Continuous Emis-
sion Monitors for Designated Hazardous Pollut-
ants. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
G. W. Scheil. May 85, 75p EPA/600/4-85/037
Contract EPA-68-02-3770
The objectives of the project are to assess the state of
the art of continuous emission monitoring of vinyl chlo-
ride monomer (VCM) and to conduct actual experi-
ments to evaluate two monitors in laboratory and in a
six-month field testing program. A process GC with
flame ionization detector and a photoionization detec-
tor were used during this study. Three one-week EPA
Method 106 tests were conducted during the six-
month field testing program to measure the relative ac-
curacies of the monitors. The precisions of both types
of detectors all were in the 1 % range when evaluated
in laboratory. The relative accuracies for both types of
detectors were < 10% for VCM concentration be-
tween 2 to 10ppm.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Quality assurance,
'Quality control, 'Monitors, 'Vinyl chloride resins, 'Air
pollution, Performance evaluation, Gas chromatogra-
phy, Field tests, Experimental design, "Continuous
emission monitoring systems, "Air pollution monitors,
Monomers, EPA method 106, Flame ionization detec-
tors, Photoionization detectors, State of the art.
PB85-201184/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Laboratory Evaluation of the Protocol for the
Volatile Organic Sampling Train,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
T. J. Logan, R. G. Fuerst, M. R. Midgett, and J.
Prohaska. 1985,17p EPA/600/D-85/107
Contract EPA-68-02-3767
The measurement of volatile organic emissions from a
hazardous waste incinerator is one of the more difficult
source testing problems. Specific compounds called
principal organic hazardous constituents (POHC) are
to be identified and quantified at levels of 0.5 to 100
ppb in hot, wet incinerator exhaust gas, which may
also contain high particulate and acid levels. The pro-
tocol, which describes the practices used by laborato-
ries making these measurements, allows for several
alternative designs and operating procedures. This
paper describes an experimental program to evaluate
under controlled conditions in the laboratory as many
of the acceptable practices as possible. It describes
the results of sampling at various concentration levels
using two tube configurations, two moisture levels and
other procedural variations. These results have led to
conclusions about the specific VOST procedures to be
followed during the field validation studies.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Incinerators, "Air
pollution, "Solid waste disposal, 'Samplers, Experi-
mental design, Sorbents, Performance evaluation,
Sampling, Sites, Design criteria, Particles, "Volatile or-
ganic compounds, "Air pollution sampling.
PB85-201192/HSU	PC A02/ MF A01
Regional Oxidant Modeling of the Northeast U.S.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
K. L. Schere, and J. H. Novak. 1985,16p EPA/600/D-
85/110
The occurrence of long range and interurban transport
of ozone and/or ozone precursors across the North-
east U.S. has been documented by numerous field
studies during the last ten years. The U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency initiated the Northeast Corri-
dor Regional Modeling Project (NECRMP) during the
late 1970's, in part, to develop a regional model capa-
ble of simulating regional transport of ozone and its
precursors on scales on the order of 1000 km. The re-
sulting Regional Oxidant Model (ROM) is being applied
to the Northeast U.S. to evaluate the effectiveness of
various control strategies for reducing ozone in this
region. This paper summarizes the physical processes
encompassed by the model including several that
have heretofore been omitted from air quality models
on smaller scales, such as cumulus cloud effects on
vertical atmospheric motions and nighttime wind
shear. The general modeling framework that forms the
basis of the ROM system of data preprocessors is also
described. Model results from the first simulated epi-
sode of the NECRMP data base are presented.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Urban areas, "Mathematical
models, "Air pollution control, "Smog, Transport prop-
erties, Design criteria, Photochemistry, Meteorology,
Physical properties, Chemical properties, Chemical re-
actions, Reaction kinetics, "Northeast Region(United
States), "Regional oxidant model, "Air quality. Atmos-
pheric chemistry.
PB8S-201234/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Guide for Decontaminating Buildings, Structures,
and Equipment at Superfund Sites. Final rept. Sep
83-Nov 84,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
M. P. Esposito, J. L. McArdle, A. H. Crone, J. S. Greber,
and R. Clark. Mar 85,266p EPA/600/2-85/028
Contract EPA-68-03-3190
See also PB85-120996. Prepared in cooperation with
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
General guidelines for decontaminating buildings,
structures, and equipment at Superfund sites are de-
scribed in this report. Information includes stepwise
guidance for developing a cost-effective decontamina-
tion strategy, descriptions of various methods for treat-
ing or removing contaminants from structural materi-
als, case studies illustrating the actual application of
many decontamination methods, cost analyses for the
application of each method to a model building, a dis-
cussion of worker health and safety precautions, and a
summary of available sampling techniques. Additional
research is recommended to (1) verify the effective-
ness of existing decontamination methods for a wide
range of contaminants and structural materials, (2) de-
velop and demonstrate new cleanup techniques, and
(3) improve sampling techniques for determining struc-
tural contamination.
Keywords: 'Structures, "Decontamination, 'Hazard-
ous materials, "Buildings, "Construction materials,
"Construction equipment, "Guidelines, Site surveys,
Cost analysis, Industrial hygiene, Solid waste disposal,
Performance evaluation, Cleanup time, Sampling,
Safety, Process charting, Operating costs. Capitalized
costs, "Superfund program, Occupational safety and
health, State of the art, Case studies, Liquid waste dis-
posal.
PB85-201267/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Saltwater Wetlands for Wastewater Management
Environmental Assessment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Nov 84,322p EPA/904/10-84/128
Saltwater wetlands have the potential for use as mu-
nicipal and seafood processing wastewater-discharge
sites. However, the potential also exists for adversely
impacting these important natural resources. The Salt-
water Wetlands for Wastewater Management Environ-
mental Assessment is designed to explore the feasibil-
ity of using saltwater wetlands for municipal and sea-
food processing wastewater management and to iden-
tify areas of concern that are important to local, state
and federal agencies in making wastewater manage-
ment decisions affecting saltwater wetlands in the
southeastern United States. This assessment is a
companion study to the previously initiated Freshwater
Wetlands for Wastewater Management Environmental
Impact Statement (EIS). The emphasis of this Salt-
water Wetlands Environmental Assessment is to pro-
vide a description of key saltwater wetland factors, dis-
posal practices and options, regulatory considerations
for disposal implementation, and areas where addi-
tional wetland research is needed.
Keywords: "Salt water, "Wastewater, Management,
Effluents. Feasibility studies. Seafood processing,
'Wetlands, Environmental assessments.
PB85-203107/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Fluid Modeling Demonstration of Good-Engineer-
ing-Practice Stack Height in Complex Terrain,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
W. H. Snyder, and R. E. Lawson. Apr 85,101 p EPA/
600/3-85/022
A demonstration study using fluid modeling to deter-
mine the good-engineering-practice (GEP) stack
height for a power plant installation in complex terrain
is discussed. The site chosen for this demonstration
study was the Clinch River Power Plant in southwest-
ern Virginia, and a 1:1920 scale model of surrounding
terrain was constructed. Measurements are presented
that describe the simulated atmospheric boundary
layer structure, plume-dispersion characteristics in that
boundary layer, and the maximum ground-level con-
centration (glc) of effluent downstream from the
source, both in the presence of all significant terrain
surrounding the plant and in the absence of 'nearby'
upwind terrain. Analysis of the maximum glc showed
that, in this case, a stack height of 326 m meets the
current GEP criteria under 50% plant-load conditions,
i.e., the nearby upwind terrain effected an increase of
40% in the maximum ground-level concentration.
Keywords: "Fluid mechanics, 'Mathematical models,
"Chimneys, "Terrain, "Air pollution, Electric power
plants,	Boundary	layer	flow,
Concentration(Composition), Plumes, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Atmospheric circula-
tion, Atmospheric dispersion.
PB85-2031 IS	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Studies of Echovirus-12 In Volunteers: Determina-
tion of Minimal Infectious Dose and the Effect of
Previous Infection on Infectious Dose. Journal arti-
cle,
Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH. Inst, of Medical Re-
search
G. M. Schiff, G. M. Stefanovic, E. C. Young, D. S.
Sander, and J. K. Pennekamp. c1984,10p EPA/600/
J-84/298
Grant EPA-R-806173
Pub. in Jnl. of Infectious Diseases, v150 n6 p858-866
Dec 84.
A two-part study of echovirus-12 was done in volun-
teers. In the first part the human infectious dose of the
virus was determined in 149 healthy adults with unde-
tectable serum antibody, each of whom drank 0-
330,000 plaque-forming units (pfu) of virus in 100 ml of
nonchlorinated water. Infection was defined as fecal
shedding of virus or significant (fourfold or greater) in-
creases in serum antibody titer. The HID(50) (i.e., the
dose required for infection of 50% of the volunteers)
was 919 pfu. Through statistical analysis of the data by
probit transformation, a 1 % human-infectious dose of
17 pfu was predicted.
Keywords: "Viruses, Dosage, Reprints, "Echoviruses.
PB85-203123	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park. NC.
Minimum Infective Dose of Animal Viruses. Jour-
nal article,
Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH. Inst, of Medical Re-
sdsrch
R. L. Ward, and E. W. Akin. C1984, 15p EPA/600/J-
84/296
Pub. in CRC Critical Reviews in Environmental Control,
v14 n4 p297-310 Oct 84.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Much of the data presented in this review was ob-
tained from work published during the 1960's or
before. In addition, a great number of the publications
describe studies conducted with only a few subjects.
Because of the importance of the topic it seems appro-
priate that more studies with greater numbers of sub-
jects and more up-to-date techniques should be per-
formed. These studies should include not only respira-
tory and enteric viruses, but also viruses that enter the
body through the skin and other routes. With the ex-
ception of respiratory syncytial virus, the infectivities of
viruses that replicate in the respiratory tract appear to
be comparable in man and in tissue culture. The few
studies conducted with enteric viruses suggest that a
low number of tissue culture infectious doses may also
infect highly susceptible subjects, such as infants, but
susceptible healthy adults may require much higher
viral doses for infection than cultured cells.
Keywords: "Viruses, "Infectious diseases, Dosage,
Animals, Reprints.
PB85-203131	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Prediction of the Opacity of Detached Plumes
Formed by Condensation of Vapors. Journal arti-
cle,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A. S. Damie, D. S. Ensor, and L. E. Sparks. C1984,11 p
EPA/600/J-84/302
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v18 n2 p435-444
Feb 84.
The paper presents a mathematical model of the con-
densation processes occurring in a smoke plume from
a combustion process. In such a plume, the opacity
may increase where the hot stack gas mixes with
cooler atmosphere. The increased opacity is due to
aerosol formation which may result from the conden-
sation of vapors, such as sulfuric acid, in the stack
gases. These plumes are persistent and do not disap-
pear as rapidly as condensed water plumes. After re-
lease from the stack, the plume is cooled and diluted
by mixing with ambient air. The rate of mixing depends
on the local plume and ambient properties such as ve-
locity and temperature. A dew point may eventually be
reached in the plume, leading to an onset of conden-
sation of vapors. Both heterogeneous condensation
and homogeneous nucleation of vapors are consid-
ered in the model. The condensation process and
plume dilution change the size distribution/concentra-
tion of aerosols in the plume and thus change plume
opacity. The model is dynamic, following the plume as
it travels downwind. Continuous and gradual dilution of
the plume is considered, and plume properties are de-
termined as a function of time. Initially, binary conden-
sation of sulfuric acid and water is considered because
of the interest in air pollution. Good agreement of the
model has been obtained with rather sparse data avail-
able in the literature.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Opacity, "Mathematical
models, "Atmospheric condensation, "Plumes, "Aera-
sols, Condensing, Flue gases, Combustion products,
Industrial wastes, Flue gases, Nucleation, Sulfuric
acid, Dew point, Forecasting, Vapors, Dynamics, Parti-
cle size distribution, Concentration(Composition),
Mixing, Reprints, "Detached plumes, Stationary
sources, Atmospheric chemistry.
PB8S-203149	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Comparison of Baghouse Test Results with the
GCA/EPA Design Model. Journal article May 83-Mar
84,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A. S. Viner, R. P. Donovan, D. S. Ensor, and L. S.
Hovis. C1984, 10p EPA/600/J-84/301
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v34
n8 P872-880 Aug 84.
The paper gives results of an evaluation of the ability
of the GCA/EPA fabric filter design model to predict
pressure drop, penetration, and dynamics of full-scale
baghouses. Model predictions are compared with data
measured at the Kramer Station of the Nebraska
Public Power District. Two values of specific resistance
coefficient (K sub 2) and effective residual drag (S sub
E) are used in modeling the Kramer baghouse. The
field-measured value of K sub 2, combined with the
laboratory-measured value of S sub E, produces the
best predictions of pressure-drop performance, but the
354 Vol. 90, No. 24
field data exhibit fluctuations that cannot be accounted
for by the model. The model overpredicts penetration
just after a compartment has been cleaned; but, as the
dust cake on the filter grows, the discrepancy between
predicted and measured values diminishes.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Mathe-
matical models, Comparison, Field tests, Electric
power plants, Industrial wastes, Pressure reduction,
Air resistance, Aerodynamic drag, Combustion prod-
ucts, Permeability, Design criteria, Performance eval-
uation, Air filters, Reprints, "Fabric filters, "Baghouses.
PB85-203156	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Review of Chlorinated Phenols. Journal article,
Idaho Univ., Moscow.
J. H. Exon. C1984, 14p EPA/600/J-84/299
Pub. in Veterinary and Human Toxicology 26, n6 p508-
520 Dec 84.
The chlorinated phenols are a group of 19 isomers
composed of phenol with substituted chlorines. These
chemicals are readily soluble in organic solvents but
only slightly soluble in water, except for the chloro-
phenate salts. Chlorophenols with less than 3 chlor-
ines are not used extensively except in the production
of higher chlorophenols and chlorophenyloxyacetic
acid herbicides. Pentachlorophenol and some tetrach-
lorophenols are used worldwide, primarily as wood
preservatives or fungicides. Residues of chlorophen-
ols have been found worldwide in soil, water and air
samples, in food products, and in human and animal
tissues and body fluids. Environmental contamination
with these chemicals occurs from industrial effluents,
agricultural runoff, breakdown of chlorophenyloxyace-
tic acid herbicides and hexachlorobenzene, and from
spontaneous formation following chlorination of water
for disinfection and deodorization. The acute toxicity of
these chemicals is relatively low and little is known
concerning their chronic effects. Chlorophenols have
not been shown conclusively to be mutagens, terato-
gens or carcinogens. However, these compounds may
act as promotors or cocarcinogens and the immune
system is particularly sensitive to their toxic effects.
Transplacental exposure to chlorophenols may result
in embryotoxicity and abortion. Strict standards for ac-
ceptable residues of these chemicals in the environ-
ment have not been established.
Keywords: "Chlorohydrocarbons, "Phenols, "Environ-
mental surveys, Reviews, Pesticides, Industrial
wastes, Agricultural engineering, Water treatment, Dis-
infection, Toxicity, Food supply, Mutagens, Carcino-
gens, Soils, Ecology, Water pollution. Air pollution, Re-
prints.
PB85-203172	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Biological Health Risks Associated with the Com-
posting of Wastewater Treatment Plant Sludge.
Journal article,
Cincinnati Univ. Medical Center, OH. Inst, of Environ-
mental Health.
C. S. Clark, H. S. Bjornson, J. Schwartz-Fulton, J. W.
Holland, and P. S. Gartside. c1984,10p EPA/600/J-
84/297
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Pollution Control Federation 56,
n12 p1269-1276 Dec 84.
During 1979-81 a prospective epidemiological study
was conducted of compost workers in Camden, NJ;
Philadelphia, PA; Washington, DC; and Beltsville, MD.
The study included air monitoring and clinical and se-
rological evaluation of exposed and control workers.
Clinical and serologic evaluation consisted of physical
examinations, chest X-rays, illness and medical histo-
ry, liver and kidney function profiles, nose and throat
cultures, determination of antibody to LPS prepared
from compost samples, skin testing with A. fumigatus
antigen, quantitation of IgG, IgM, IgA and IgE, determi-
nation of C-reactive protein, levels of C3 and CH50,
complete blood count with differential and pulmonary
functions tests. Physical examinations revealed an
excess of abnormal skin, ear, nose and eye conditions
among compost-exposed workers.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Composts, "Sludge
disposal, "Industrial hygiene, Exposure, Solid waste
disposal. Hazardous materials, Microorganisms, High
temperature tests, Reprints, "Health risks, "Occupa-
tional safety and health, "Sewage sludge, "Compost-
ing.
PB85-203180	Not available NTIS
Reaction of H2S and Sulfur with Limestone Parti-
cles. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
R. H. Borgwardt, and N. F. Roache. C1984, 8p EPA/
600/J-84/300
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Environmental
Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Process
Design and Development, v23 n4 p742-748 Oct 84.
The paper gives results of a study of the direct-dis-
placement reaction of limestone with hydrogen sulfide
(H2S) over the temperature range 570-850 C in a dif-
ferential reactor. It is one of several possible mecha-
nisms of sulfur capture in limestone-injection multis-
tage burners which are being developed to minimize
pollution from coal combustion. Measurements with
particles ranging in size from 1.6 to 100 micrometers
showed that the reaction rate is proportional to the su-
perficial surface area of the limestone. The reaction is
inhibited by H2 and CaCI2. Sintering og CaC03, disso-
ciation of H2S, and product layer diffusion limit the rate
of CaS formation at temperatures above 750 C. Lime-
stone also reacts with elemental sulfur, but the rate
and activation energy are significantly lower than
those of the H2S reaction.
Keywords: "Hydrogen sulfide, "Sulfur, "Lime stone,
"Air pollution control, "Displacement reactions, Chem-
ical reactions, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Electric power plants, Temperature, Burners, Reaction
kinetics, Activation energy, Particle size, Reprints,
"Chemical reaction mechanisms, "Limestone injection
multistage burners, Coal fired power plants.
PB85-203792/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Air Emissions from Hazardous
Waste Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facili-
ties. Final rept. Jun 82-Jun 84,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
W. D. Balfour, R. G. Wetherold, and D. L. Lewis. May
85, 81 p EPA/600/2-85/057
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
This study has examined the fugitive air emissions
from landfills, surface impoundments, storage tanks,
containers (drums), solvent recovery processes, and
land treatment technologies at hazardous waste dis-
posal facilities (HWDF's). The main objective of this
study was to develop and demonstrate techniques for
determining air emissions from the above HWDF tech-
nologies (sources). Various predictive models for esti-
mating air emissions exist for some of these sources.
These models have been identified and evaluated for
applicability to select HWDF's. Sampling approaches
have been identified for Procedures for the collection
and qualitative and quantitative analysis of the air sam-
ples and the liquid and solid samples taken in conjunc-
tion with the air samples have also been developed.
The resulting analytical data have provided general in-
formation on the level of air emissions from the
sources studied. This document summarizes the find-
ings from each of four HWDF's tested, comparing and
contrasting the measured and predicted emission re-
sults and the experiences gained in using the various
sampling approaches.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Air pollution,
"Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "Waste treatment!
"Storage, Sources, Mathematical models, Sampling,
Comparison, Storage tanks, Drums(Containers), Earth
fills, "Fugitive emissions, Air pollution sampling, Sur-
face impoundments, Land treatment, Solvent recovery
process.
PB85-203818/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Regional-Scale (1000 KM) Model of Photochemi-
cal Air Pollution. Part 3. Tests of the Numerical Al-
orlthms,
nvironmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
R. G. Lamb, and G. F. Laniak. May 85, 291 p EPA/600/
3-85/037
See also PB84-232651. Prepared in cooperation with
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The Regional Oxidant Model (ROM) developed in (wo
earlier reports is applied to a series of hypothetical
problems whose exact solutions are known. Compari-
sons are made between the model's predictions and
the known solutions to assess the accuracies of the
numerical algorithms tha comprise the model's predic-
tive equations. It is found that in the case of ozone, the
solutions of the numerical algorithms on which the
model is based are within 10 percent of the solutions
of the corresponding differential equations that de-
scribe the chemical and physical processes that the
model simulates. Extensive documentation is provided
in the report of the model's performance in simulating
the concentrations of 23 chemical species over a 48-
hour period.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, "Air pollution,
'Photochemistry, "Algorithms, "Ozone, Assessments,
Meteorology, Concentration(Composition), Transport
properties. Performance evaluation, Oxidizers, Chemi-
cal properties, Physical properties, Prediction, Fore-
casting, Differential equations, "Regional oxidant
model, "Network analysis.
PB85-204360/HSU	PC A11 /MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Master Analytical Scheme for Organic Com-
pounds in Water. Part 2. Appendices to Protocols.
Final rept. Sep 78-Jul 83,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
E. D. Pellizzari, L. S. Sheldon, J. T. Bursey, W.
Hargrove, and L. C. Michael. Jan 85,239p EPA/600/
4-84/01 OB
Contract EPA-68-03-2704
See also PB85-154367.
A Master Analytical Scheme (MAS) has been devel-
oped for the analysis of volatile (gas chromatographa-
ble) organic compounds in water. In developing the
MAS, it was necessary to evaluate and modify existing
analysis procedures and develop new techniques to
produce protocols that provide for the comprehensive
qualitative-quantitative analysis of almost all volatile
organics in many types of water. The MAS provides for
analysis of purgeable and extractable, as well as neu-
tral and ionic water soluble, organics in surlace and
drinking waters and in leachates and various effluents.
Nominal lower quantifiable limits range from 0.1 micro-
grams/!- to 100 micrograms/L, depending on chemi-
cal/physical class of the analyte and complexity of the
aqueous matrix. Recoveries are reported for about 280
model compounds of a wide variety of chemical class-
es and physical properties dosed into representative
samples of several major types of water. The appendi-
ces include specific instructions on fabrication of the
purge and trap apparatus and ancillary devices for pur-
geable organics, computerized relative molar re-
sponse and recovery data for standards analytes, and
documentation of the MASQUANT computer program
for quantification of MAS data.
Keywords: "Water analysis, "Gas chromatography,
"Water pollution, Surface water. Potable water, Leach-
ing, Organic compounds, Sampling, Chemical analy-
sis, Laboratory equipment, Design criteria, Physical
properties, "Volatile organic compounds, "Water pol-
lution detection, Purge and trap techniques, Proce-
dures, Computer applications.
PB85-204378/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Pilot-Scale Investigation of Closed-Loop Fly Ash
Sluicing. Volume 1. Final Report,
Radian Corp., Austin. TX.
S. T. Litherland, P. A. Nassos, M. L. Owen, and S. L.
Winton. May 85, 170p RAD-83-211 -004-35, EPA/600/
7-85/021A
Contract EPA-68-02-3163
See also Volume 2, PB85-204386.
The report gives results of a pilot-scale demonstration
of the technical feasibility of closed-loop operation of
fly ash sluicing systems. Chemical species leached
from the ash increase the dissolved solids concentra-
tion of recycled sluice water to a point where equip-
ment scaling may occur. Tests were conducted at two
power plants using a 50-gpm pilot unit to demonstrate
the feasibility of cTosed-loop operation, both with and
without sluice water treatment. An ash sluice computer
process model was developed to predict chemistry
and process conditions in full-scale systems. Fly ash
sluicing systems handling highly reactive alkaline
ashes cannot be operated closed-loop without treating
the sluice water to control scale formation. Adding acid
to adjust pH was effective in controlling calcium car-
bonate scale formation in the sluice water return line;
however, it increased the potential for gypsum scale
formation. Gypsum was ultimately the limiting species
which prevented reliable closed-loop operation at the
plants tested. Increased ash/water contact time in a
reaction tank was not adequate to control the potential
for gypsurn scale formation at the residence time
tested. The ash sluice computer process model
proved to be accurate in predicting the chemical com-
position and potential for scale formation in the pilot
unit.
Keywords: "Feedback control, "Fly ash,
"Slices(Concentrators), "Air pollution control, "Solid
waste disposal, Pilot plants, Electric power plants,
Feasibility, Scaling, Leaching, Mathematical models,
Gypsum, "Closed loop systems, "Coal fired power
plants, "Waste water reuse, Computer applications.
PB85-204386/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Pilot-Scale Investigation of Closed-Loop Fly Ash
Sluicing. Volume 2. Appendices. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
S. T. Litherland, P. A. Nassos, M. L. Owen, andS. L.
Winton. May 85, 449p RAD-83-211-004-35, EPA/600/
7-85/021B
Contract EPA-68-02-3163
See also Volume 1, PB85-204378.
The report gives results of a pilot-scale demonstration
of the technical feasibility of closed-loop operation of
fly ash sluicing systems. Chemical species leached
from the ash increase the dissolved solids concentra-
tion of recycled sluice water to a point where equip-
ment scaling may occur. Tests were conducted at two
power plants using a 50-gpm pilot unit to demonstrate
the feasibility of closed-loop operation, both with and
without sluice water treatment. An ash sluice computer
process model was developed to predict chemistry
and process conditions in full-scale systems. Fly ash
sluicing systems handling highly reactive alkaline
ashes cannot be operated closed-loop without treating
the sluice water to control scale formation. Adding acid
to adjust pH was effective in controlling calcium car-
bonate scale formation in the sluice water return line;
however, it increased the potential for gypsum scale
formation. Gypsum was ultimately the limiting species
which prevented reliable closed-loop operation at the
plants tested. Increased ash/water contact time in a
reaction tank was not adequate to control the potential
for gypsum scale formation at the residence time
tested. The ash sluice computer process model
proved to be accurate in predicting the chemical com-
position and potential for scale formation in the pilot
unit.
Keywords: "Feedback control, "Fly ash,
"Slices(Concentrators), 'Air pollution control, 'Solid
waste disposal, Pilot plants, Electric power plants,
Feasibility, Scaling, Leaching, Mathematical models,
Gypsum, Tables(Data), 'Closed loop systems. 'Coal
fired power plants, 'Waste water reuse, Computer ap-
plications.
PB85-204428/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Interim Report on Quality Assurance to the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency. Interim rept. Apr 83-
Feb 85.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
1985, 21 p
Contract EPA-68-02-3784
This is an interim report. The panel's study is now es-
sentially half done. The report is to provide EPA with
the findings that the panel has arrived at thus far and
the recommendations it can firmly make on the basis
of those findings. The interim report discusses matters
that the panel believes can be addressed now by EPA,
independently of other matters intended for the final
report.
Keywords: 'Research management, 'Quality assur-
ance, Quality control, Objectives, Management, Budg-
eting, Project planning, 'Environmental Protection
Agency.
PB85-204485/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Geological Survey, Washington, DC.
Water Science and Technology Board Annual
Report, 1984. Final rept.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
Mar 85,54p
See also PB84-216571. Sponsored by Geological
Survey, Washington, DC., National Science Founda-
tion, Washington, DC. and Department of
Energy, Washington, DC.
The report is the second annual report of the Water
Science and Technology Board. It summarizes the
Board's activities during 1984, ongoing activities (i.e.,
in 1985) and future plans. Information is included also
on Board and study group memberships, program or-
ganization, issues of concern, and reports published.
Keywords: "Water resources, "Ground water, "Water
pollution, Water supplies, Hydrology, Flood manage-
ment, Risk analysis, Risk management, Waste water,
Water law. Social effects.
PB85-204527/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Physical-Chemical Properties and Categorization
of RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act) Wastes According to Volatility,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
D. Dixon, and E. Rissmann. Feb 85,102p EPA/450/3-
85/007
Contract EPA-68-03-3041
The purpose of this report is to present (1) the physi-
cal-chemical properties of the RCRA wastes related to
volatility and (2) a waste categorization scheme based
on the volatility of RCRA wastes from hazardous waste
treatment, storage, and disposal facilities. The physi-
cal-chemical properties include basic input parameters
for air emission modeling. Physical-chemical proper-
ties of RCRA wastes presented include - molecular
weight, boiling point, vapor pressure, solubility, Henry's
Law constant, diffusion coefficients, and mass transfer
coefficients. RCRA wastes are categorized by vapor
pressure, aqueous volatility, and relative soil volatility.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Volatility, "Waste
treatment, "Waste disposal, 'Storage, 'Air pollution
control, Tables(Data), Mathematical models, Physical
properties, Chemical properties, Henry's law, Mass
transfer, Boiling point, Solubility, Soil analysis, Public
health, Vapor pressure, Diffusion coefficients, 'Volatile
organic compounds, "Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act, Listings, Air pollution sampling, Health risk.
PB85-204S43/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Construction Grants Program for Municipal
Wastewater Treatment Works: Handbook of Pro-
cedures.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
1 Oct 84, 456p* EPA/430/09-84/003
This Handbook of Procedures identifies and explains
the many procedures to be followed by project review-
ers and other personnel in State Agencies and EPA
Regional Offices who are responsible for the conduct
of trie Construction Grants Program.
Keywords: 'Grants, 'Sewage treatment, 'Construc-
tion, 'Municipalities, Design, Instructions, Legislation,
History, Water quality, State government, Require-
ments, Monitoring, Regulations, Performance evalua-
tion, Sewers, Sludge disposal, Environmental impacts,
Financing, Ordinances, Value engineering, 'Sewage
treatment plants, 'Land application, Energy recovery.
PB8S-204S68/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical
Substance Inventory. Volume 1. Initial Inventory.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
May 79,720p* EPA/560/7-84/003A
See also PB85-204584.
The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Initial In-
ventory lists over 44,000 chemical substances (as de-
fined by TSCA), identified by a preferred name and a
unique Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry
Number. Each preferred name (and, for some sub-
stances, an associated definition) identifies the com-
position of a chemical substance or category of chemi-
cal substances which has been manufactured, import-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ed, or processed lor a commercial purpose in the
United States since January 1, 1975. All chemical sub-
stances appearing on the Initial Inventory, with the ex-
ception of 'naturally occurring substances' (as defined
by the regulations), which are automatically included
on the Inventory, have been identified from reports
submitted to EPA by manufacturers and importers in
response to the TSCA Inventory reportinq regulations
(40CFR 710).
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Hazardous mate-
rials, "Guidelines, 'Environmental surveys,
'lndexes(Documentation), Nomenclature, Inventories,
Regulations, Molecular structure, Reference materials,
'Toxic substances control act, *CAS numbers, List-
ings, Natural emissions.
PB85-204584/HSU	PC A99/MF E12
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical
Substance Inventory. Volumes 2 and 3. User
Guide and Indices to the Initial Inventory, Sub-
stance Name Index.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
May 79,1600p* EPA/560/7-84/003B
See also PB85-204568, and PB85-204592.
The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Initial In-
ventory lists over 44,000 chemical substances (as de-
fined by TSCA), identified by a preferred name and a
unique Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry
Number. Each preferred name (and, for some sub-
stances, an associated definition) identifies the com-
position of a chemical substance or category of chemi-
cal substances which has been manufactured, import-
ed, or processed for a commercial purpose in the
United States since January 1, 1975. All chemical sub-
stances appearing on the Initial Inventory, with the ex-
ception of 'naturally occurring substances' (as defined
by the regulations), which are automatically included
on the Inventory, have been identified from reports
submitted to EPA by manufacturers and importers in
response to the TSCA Inventory reporting regulations
(40CFR 710).
Keywords: "Chemical compounds, "Hazardous mate-
rials, "Guidelines, 'Environmental surveys,
'lndexes(Documentation), 'Nomenclature, Invento-
ries, Regulations, Molecular structure, Reference ma-
terials, 'Toxic substances control act, "CAS numbers,
Listings, Natural emissions.
PB85-204592/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical
Substance Inventory. Volume 4. User Guide and
Indices to the Initial Inventory, Molecular Formula
and UVCB Indices.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
May 79, 713p* EPA/560/7-84/003C
See also PB85-204584.
The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Initial In-
ventory lists over 44,000 chemical substances (as de-
fined by TSCA), identified by a preferred name and a
unique Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry
Number. Each preferred name (and, for some sub-
stances, an associated definition) identifies the com-
position of a chemical substance or category of chemi-
cal substances which has been manufactured, import-
ed, or processed for a commercial purpose in the
United States since January 1, 1975. All chemical sub-
stances appearing on the Initial Inventory, with the ex-
ception of 'naturally occurring substances' (as defined
by the regulations), which are automatically included
on the Inventory, have been identified from reports
submitted to EPA by manufacturers and importers in
response to the TSCA Inventory reporting regulations
(40 CFR710).
Keywords: "Chemical compounds, "Hazardous mate-
rials, "Guidelines, "Environmental surveys,
'lndexes(Documentation), "Molecular structure, No-
menclature, Inventories, Regulations, Reference ma-
terials, 'Toxic substances control act, "CAS numbers,
Listings, Natural emissions.
PB85-204741/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Cost of Selected Trap-Oxldizer System Compo-
nents for Heavy-Duty Vehicles. Final rept.,
Faucett (Jack) Associates, Inc., Chevy Chase, MD.
356 Vol. 90, No. 24
28 Sep 84, 32p EPA/460/3-84/18
Contract EPA-68-03-3200
Prepared in cooperation with Mueller Associates, Inc.,
Baltimore, MD.
This report describes the estimated costs of selected
trap-oxidizer system components for heavy-duty vehi-
cles. This report also provides the rationale used for
selecting the cost estimation approach and the actual
cost estimation methodology used. Also included is
the description of the trap-oxidizer systems considered
and the cost of the components.
Keywords: "Cost analysis, 'Air pollution control equip-
ment, "Particles, "Exhaust emissions, "Heavy duty ve-
hicles, 'Diesel engine exhaust, 'Catalytic
reactors(Exhaust systems).
PB85-205144/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Second Review of Standards of Performance for
Sewage Sludge Incinerators,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Mar 84, 139p EPA/450/3-84/010
Review of Standards to control emissions from new
and existing sewage sludge incinerators. This docu-
ment contains information on the background and au-
thority regulatory alternatives considered and the eco-
nomic impacts of the proposed regulations.
Keywords: "Sludge disposal, "Incinerators, "Stand-
ards, "Air pollution control, "Particles, Reviews, Regu-
lations, Substitutes, Economic impact, Sewage treat-
ment, Solid waste disposal, Cost analysis, Refuse dis-
posal, Performance evaluation, "Sewage sludge,
'New source performance standard, 'Municipal
wastes.
PB85-205383/HSU	PC A11 / M F A01
Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Ef-
fluents to Freshwater and Marine Organisms,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
W. H. Peltier, and C. I. Weber. Mar 85,234p EPA/600/
4-85/013
See also PB-289 605, and PB-227 183.
This manual describes methods for measuring the
acute toxicity of effluents to freshwater and marine
macroinvertebrates and fish. The methods include a
preliminary range-finding test, a screening test, and
multi-concentration (definitive) static and flow-through
toxicity tests. Also included are guidelines on laborato-
ry safety, quality assurance, facilities and equipment,
effluent sampling and holding, dilution water, test spe-
cies selection and handling, data interpretation and uti-
lization, report preparation, test organism culturing, di-
lutor and mobile bioassay laboratory design and cali-
bration, and equipment check lists and computer pro-
grams for calculating the LC50 and confidence inter-
vals.
Keywords: "Toxicity, 'Fresh water fishes, "Marine biol-
ogy, 'Water pollution, Manuals, Tests, Laboratories,
Quality assurance, Bioassay, Mobile equipment,
Design, Calibrating.
PB8S-20S516/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Sources of Ethylene Oxide Emissions,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
D. W. Markwordt. Apr 85,86p EPA/450/3-85/014
The objective of this report is to present the results of a
preliminary source assessment study conducted for
ethylene oxide in which emission, cost, and dispersion
data were developed that will aid in evaluating the
need for further regulatory development for ethylene
oxide.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Regulations, 'Ethyl-
ene oxide, Sources, Forecasting, Assessments, Indus-
trial wastes, Sites, Leakage, Cost analysis, Combus-
tion products, "Emission factors, National emissions.
PB85-205607/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Empirical Test of Economic Model for Innovation
in the Chemical Industry,
Meta Systems, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Dec 84, 191 p EPA/560/4-85/002
Contract EPA-68-01-6674
The object of this report was to develop a model de-
scribing the innovation process in the chemical indus-
try. The model developed provides a means of meas-
uring and analyzing the impacts on innovation of vari-
ous regulations. Of particular interest is the Toxic Sub-
stance Control Act (TSCA), which many critics argue
has had a detrimental impact on innovation in the
Chemical industry. First, a model of the innovation
process is developed. This model contains three equa-
tions, which are also estimated using available data.
The model works well explaining a great deal about the
innovation process. Second, an attempt was made to
analyze the impacts of TSCA. The data needed to
complete a complete analysis of TSCA.
Keywords: "Chemical industry, 'Economical analysis,
'Mathematical models, 'Waste disposal, Regulations,
Tables(Data), Assessments, Toxicology, Patents,
Trends, Forecasting, 'Toxic substance control act,
"Innovations.
PB85-206126/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Road Load Coastdown Testing of Twenty-Seven
1984 and 1985 Model Year Light-Duty Vehicles
and Light-Duty Trucks. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Cer-
tification Div.
Apr 85, 9p EPA/AA/CD-85/01
Supersedes PB84-211333.
Twenty-seven 1984 and 1985 model year light-duty
vehicles and light-duty trucks were tested to determine
the force required to overcome the sum of aero-dy-
namic drag, tire rolling resistance and other frictional
losses. The primary purpose of this testing was to
compare the results from production vehicles with in-
formation submitted by the manufacturers for the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency's (EPA) emission certifi-
cation and fuel economy programs.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, "Trucks, Aerodynamic
drag, Exhaust emission, Fuel consumption, Tires,
Loads(Forces), Roads, "Coast down tests, "Light duty
vehicles, Light duty vehicles(1984 models), Fuel econ-
omy, Tire rolling resistance, Light duty vehicles(1985
models).
PB85-206256/HSU	PC A21/MF A01
Draft Environmental Impact Statement, Cummins
Creek Project, Fayette County, Texas.
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
Apr 85, 483p EPA/906/9-85/001
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
EPA is considering issuance of NPDES permits for the
Cummins Creek Project. The surface lignite mine is
proposed to provide fuel for two 400 MW steam elec-
tric generation units during the 37-year mine life. Nota-
ble effects associated with the project include: in-
creased emissions of particulates, sulfur dioxide, nitro-
gen oxides and radionuclides: degradation to surface
water and groundwater quality; alterations in surface
water runoff and groundwater infiltration; increased
noise levels; increased erosion and loss of soils includ-
ing prime farmlands; loss of cultural resources; in-
creased tax revenues. Many of these project affects
will result in adverse impacts and irreversible loss on
natural resources.
Keywords: "Coal mining, "Environmental impact state-
ments-draft, Air pollution, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen
oxides, Radioactive isotopes, Ground water, Surface
waters. Land use, Water pollution. Noise pollution,
Wildlife, Fishes, Economic impact, Natural resources',
Cummins Creek Project, Fayette County(Texas).
PB85-207447/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Development of a Baseline for Use In Assessing
Impacts of the Toxic Substances Control Act
(TSCA) on the Chemicals Industry,
Meta Systems, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
P. Ginberg, P. J. Morgan, and G. W. Schaumburg. Seo
82,174p EPA/560/4-85/001
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
A three equation model of innovation in the chemical
industry has been developed. The model includes the
following three relationships: (1) a technical knowl-
edge production function with technical knowledge as
a function of research and development input, (2) a
production function with output as a function of con-
ventional inputs (capital, labor, and materials) and a
'stock' of knowledge, and (3) a derived demand equa-
tion for innovation inputs. The model was tested using
data on 48 publicly owned firms covering a 20 year
period 1960-1980. Financial data were taken from the
firms' 10-K annual reports, and patent data, used as
measures of innovation, were obtained from the U.S.
Patent Office. The resulting regression estimates (1)
supported the hypothesis that all firms have the same
elasticity of patenting with respect to their R&D stock,
(2)	yielded estimates of elasticity of output relative to R
& D stock about twice as large as an earlier study, and
(3)	supported a model of R a D intensity as a function
of expected growth rate. The report suggests addition-
al refinements and testing of the model and methods
for utilizing it in assessing the impact of the Toxic Sub-
stances Control Act.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, "Law(Jurisprudence),
'Economic analysis, 'Stockpile management, Regula-
tions, Assessments, Comparison, Forecasting, Nation-
al government, Industrial wastes, Drug industry, Agri-
cultural products, 'Toxic substances control act,
'Baseline measurements.
PB85-207462/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Teratogenic Effects of Microwave Radiation. Final
rept. 1980-85,
Tulsa Univ., OK.
M. E. O'Connor, and R. Strattan. May 85,43p EPA/
600/1-85/007
Contract EPA-68-02-3453
Pregnant CF-1 mice was exposed to 2450-MHz CW
microwave irradiation at power densities of 0,10, or 30
mW/sq. cm for 6 hours daily from gestational day 1
through day 18. All exposures occurred in an anechoic
chamber maintained at 50% relative humidity with air
temperature of 22C. A group of pregnant colony cage-
control mice was maintained for each of the three ex-
posure groups. Teratogenic examinations were per-
formed on day 18 following Caesarean section of the
maternal subject. Every third fetus was stained with
alazarin red and examined for skeletal abnormalities.
No significant differences between the groups ob-
served for fetal body mass, fetal brain mass, resorp-
tion, live fetuses, gross abnormalities, or skeletal ab-
normalities.
Keywords: 'Microwaves, 'Radiation effects, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Exposure, Mice, Pregnancy, Bioassay, "Terato-
genesis.
PB85-207470/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Morphometry Studies of the Effects of Ozone on
Rodent Lungs. Final rept.,
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC.
B. E. Barry, and J. D. Crapo. May 85, 39p EPA/600/1-
85/008
The degree of lung injury caused by prolonged inhala-
tion of low levels of ozone is relevant because a
number of urban environments periodically reach
levels of 0.2 - 0.3 ppm ozone. Morphometry methods
were used to evaluate the effects of 0.25 ppm ozone
on lung tissue of both young adult and juvenile rats.
Three regions of the lung were examined, the distal al-
veolar region, the proximal alveolar region, and the ter-
minal bronchioles. In addition, the effects of inhalation
of 0.12 ppm 03 on the proximal alveolar region of
young adult rats were also evaluated.
Keywords: 'Ozone, "Toxicity, 'Air pollution, 'Urban
areas, Lung, Rats, Rodents, Laboratory animals, Pa-
thology, Morphology, 'Respiratory diseases, 'Bronchi,
'Air pollution effects)Animals), Low level, Inhalation.
PB85-207488/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Field Evaluation of a Utility Dry Scrubbing
System. Final rept. Apr 82-Nov 84,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
G. M. Blythe, J. M. Burke, D. L. Lewis, and C. M.
Thompson. May 85, 329p RAD-84-203-001 -57-17,
EPA/600/7-85-020
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
Sponsored by Electric Power Research Inst., Palo
Alto, CA.
The report gives results of the first independent eval-
uation of a full-scale utility spray-dryer/baghouse dry
flue gas desulfurization (FGD) system. The system
treats flue gas from a nominal 100 MW of coal-fired
power generation. The test program, conducted during
July-October 1983, used two different coals as boiler
fuels: one, a subbituminous coal and coke mixture with
a nominal 1.2 percent sulfur content; and the other, a
3.4 percent sulfur Illinois bituminous coal. S02 remov-
al, particulate emissions, sulfuric acid removal, and ex-
tensive process data were recorded. Low sulfur coal
tests indicated that 75 percent S02 removal was
achievable in the short term at reagent ratios of 0.6 to
0.7, and 90 percent S02 removal was achievable at a
reagent ratio of about 0.8. An average removal of
nearly 90 percent was achieved in short-term tests
with high sulfur coal at reagent ratios of 1.3 to 1.4. Cal-
cium cnloride addition to the atomizer feed slurry was
found to reduce the lime addition requirements for high
sulfur tests by about 25 percent.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Scrub-
bers, Flue gases, Boilers, Combustion products, Indus-
trial wastes, Performance evaluation, Calcium chlor-
ides, Particles, Sulfuric acid, Particles, Field tests, 'Dry
methods, "Coal fired power plants, "Spray dryers,
'Limestone scrubbing, Flue gas desulfurization, Waste
utilization, Solid wastes.
PB85-207496/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Enumeration and Identification of Heterotrophic
Bacteria from Drinking Water,
Washington Univ., Seattle.
J. T. Staley. May 85,76p EPA/600/2-85/061
Various spread-plating enumeration media and proce-
dures have been tested to determine the method of
choice for the enumeration of the highest numbers of
heterotrophic bacteria from chlorinated drinking
waters. Dilute media, including a caseinate peptone
starch medium, a dilute peptone medium, and R2A
medium provided greater recoveries than the standard
plate count medium currently employed. In addition,
reduced temperatures of 20 degrees C and prolonged
incubation periods of 14 to 28 days resulted in the
highest recoveries of heterotrophic bacteria from the
two, chlorinated, distribution waters examined.
Keywords: "Bacteria, "Chlorination, "Water treatment,
Flavobacterium, Identifying, "Counting methods,
'Drinking water, Water pollution control.
PB85-207504/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Solidification/Stabilization of Sludge and Ash
from Wastewater Treatment Plants. Final rept. Jan
79-Aug 83,
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS. Environmental Lab.
P. G. Malone, and L. W. Jones. May 85,92p EPA/600/
2-85/058
Tests were performed to determine the physical prop-
erties and chemical leaching characteristics of the re-
siduals and the stabilized/solidified products from two
publicly-owned wastewater treatment works (POTW).
The two POTW waste products included in this study
were an anaerobic digester sludge from an Imhoff di-
gester and an ash from a rotating hearth incinerator
used to destroy primary settler and digester sludges.
Three different solidification/stabilization systems
were used. One of the systems was based on the addi-
tion of cement and soluble silicates in various propor-
tions and formed soil-like solids that were soft and
easily broken. A second system used lime and flyash
to form a pozzolanic material that produced a hard,
concrete-like solid. The third system was based on the
formation of gypsum in the waste after acidification;
these products remained wet and did not harden.
None of the treated products were very durable, as
none survived the full sequence of 12 cycles and the
wet-dry or freeze-thaw testing. The pozzolanic, flyash-
lime product reduced the loss of constituents to the
leaching medium to the greatest extent. It also pro-
duced by far the smallest increase in the weight of the
waste to be disposed for any of the processes-170%
of the dry sludge solids. These facts coupled with the
low cost of the solidification agents make this process
the most cost-effective of those tested in this study.
Keywords: 'Chemical stabilization, "Solidification,
"Hazardous materials, "Matrix methods, Solid waste
disposal. Ground water, Surface water, Residues, Po-
table water, Leaching, Assessments, Comparison,
Substitutes, pH, Oxidation reduction reactions, Dewa-
tering, "Publicly owned wastewater treatment, "Chem-
ical treatment, "Sewage sludge, "Chemfix process,
'Matrix isolation techniques, "Sludge treatment,
Waste utilization, Land disposal, Matrix(Crystals).
PB85-207512	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Importance of Trophic Transfer In the Bioaccumu-
latlon of Chemical Contaminants In Aquatic Eco-
systems. Journal article,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
G. R. Biddinger, and S. P. Gloss. c1984,44p EPA/
600/J-84/293
Pub. in Jnl. of Residue Reviews, v91 p103-145 1984.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is re-
sponsible for establishing Water Quality Criteria which
are protective of fresh water and marine life as well as
human health. In 1980 the EPA announced the avail-
ability of criteria for 65 priority toxic pollutants listed
under section 307 (a) (1) of the 1977 amendments of
the Clean Water Act. Stara et al. (1980) have reviewed
the processes and problems involved in establishing
such criteria. They list four levels of toxic effects: (1)
acute, subchronic and chronic, (2) mutagenic, (3) tera-
togenic, and (4) carcinogenic. The latter three are all
potentially genotoxic in action. Chemicals causing ge-
netic aberrations theoretically have no threshold and
therefore a zero-incidence is desirable. Chemicals
causing toxic action other than genotoxicity are sub-
ject to the establishment of a 'No Observable Affect
Exposure Level' and therefore have a definable
threshold. The purpose of this review is to address the
problem of potential exposure of human beings to per-
sistent chemical contaminants which have been accu-
mulated through aquatic food chains and to present
documentation of food chain accumulation in natural
ecosystems.(Copyright (c) 1984 Springer-Verlag New
York, Inc.)
Keywords: "Organic compounds, 'Fresh water biol-
ogy, "Toxicity, "Water pollution, Humans, Exposure,
Genetics, Carcinogens, Mutation, Food chains,
Metals, Phenols, DDT, Benzene, Reprints, "Chemi-
cals, Trophic level, Biomagnification.
PB85-207520/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Measurement of Sulfur and Carbon Species Emis-
sions from Oll-Flred Commercial and Institutional
Boilers. Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
S. E. Miller. Apr 85, 54p EPA/600/3-85/030
Contract EPA-68-02-3487
This research program was to provide source emission
data for urban particulate models. The objectives were
twofold: to determine emission factors for primary sul-
fate and carbon from a variety of commercial and in-
dustrial heating units burning fuel oil, and to evaluate
and compare the performance of the miniature acid
condensation system (MACS) and the acid condensa-
tion system (ACS) methods for determining free sulfu-
ric acid. A total of five boilers were monitored in this
study. Two of the units tested were utility boilers. The
remaining three units were small process steam or
heating boilers ranging in size from 23,500 to 50,000
Ib/hr. The results of this study provide evidence that
the MACS system, although subject to certain critical
sampling parameters, can serve as a primary sulfate
characterization method for combustion source meas-
urements. Analytical data on carbon and elemental
composition are presented.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Fuel oil, "Boilers, "Particles,
'Mathematical models, Sources, Industrial wastes.
Combustion products. Sampling, Gas analysis, Com-
mercial buildings, Comparison, Performance evalua-
tion, Sites, Chemical analysis, Sulfuric acid, Urban
areas, Sulfates, Sulfur dioxide, "Air pollution sampling,
'Emission factors, "Air quality, "Air pollution detection,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
"Miniature acid condensation systems, Acid conden-
sation systems, Small systems.
PB85-207538/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Rutgers Strategy for Composting: Process Design
and Control. Final rept.,
Rutgers - The State Univ., New Brunswick, NJ.
M. S. Finstein, F. C. Miller, S. T. MacGregor, and K. M.
Psarianos. May 85, 284p EPA/600/2-85/059
Grant EPA-R-806829
A strategy for sludge composting was developed to
counter the tendency of other composting systems to
operate at high temperatures that inhibit and slow de-
composition. This method, known as the Rutgers strat-
egy, can be implemented in a static pile configuration
to retain structural and operational simplicity, or in a
more elaborate enclosed or reactor structure system.
The method maintains a temperature ceiling that pro-
vides a high decomposition rate through on-demand
removal of heat by ventilation (thermostatic control of
a blower). Compared with the approach currently in
widespread use, the Rutgers strategy yields high-rate
composting that decomposes four times more waste in
half the time.
Keywords: "Composts, "Sludge, "Decomposition,
Process control, Temperature, Heat, Removal, Ther-
mostats, Blowers, Sludge driping, Yield, Mathematical
models, Disease carriers, Comparison,
Aging(Materials), Vaporizing, Performance evaluation,
"Rutgers strategy.
PB85-207611/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Emission Inventory for Urban Particle Model Vali-
dation in the Philadelphia AQCR (Air Quality Con-
trol Region). Final rept. Jun 82-Sep 84,
Engineering-Science, Fairfax, VA.
D. A. Toothman, J. C. Thames, J. C. Yates, R. R.
Segall, and J. N. Bolstad. May 85, 624p EPA/600/3-
85/041
Contract EPA-68-02-3509
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is in
the process of revising the National Ambient Air Qual-
ity Standards for total suspended particulates (TSP) to
account for the fact that smaller particles are responsi-
ble for adverse health effects. The new standard has
not been finalized but is expected to be for PM10 par-
ticulate matter with aerodynamic diameters of 10 mi-
crons or below. The states will be required to revise
their State Implementation Plans (SIPs) for attainment
or maintenance of the standard. For the States use,
EPA is developing and will validate an Urban Particle
Model. Philadelphia was chosen as the site for a vali-
dation study because it has a good mix of industrial
emissions and is the site of an EPA validation program
for the Urban Airshed photochemical oxidant model.
Ambient data were collected from 6p.m. July 14 to
6p.m. August 13, 1982, at six sites in the Philadelphia
area. To assist in the validation program, an emissions
input for the urban particle model was obtained. Hourly
emissions estimates during the monitoring period for
the pollutants fine particles, coarse particles, fine pri-
mary sulfate, coarse primary sulfate, and sulfur dioxide
are included. All point sources other than 300 major
point sources were combined into the 289, 2.5-by 2.5
kilometer grid cells used for area sources and highway
vehicles.
Keywords: "Urban areas. "Particle size, "Air pollution,
Standards, Revisions, Industrial wastes, Sulfates,
Sulfur dioxide, Exhaust emissions, Tables(Data), Per-
formance evaluation, Sites, Sampling, Field tests,
Comparison, "Emission inventories, "National Ambi-
ent Air Quality Standards, "Total suspended particu-
lates, "State Implementation Plans, "Pollution episod-
ic model, Point sources, Philadelphia(Pennsylvania),
Air pollution sampling, Fugitive emissions, Air quality.
PB85-207876/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Impact of Suspect Hazard Designation on Chemi-
cal Use and Activity: A Pilot Study. Final rept.,
Heiden Associates, Inc., Washington, DC. . .
E V. Heiden, and M. E. Eads. May 85.285p EPA/560/
4-85/003
Contract EPA-68-01-6630
How chemical firms regulated by EPA respond when
their products are designated as suspect toxic hazards
(as distinguished from being formally regulated) was
the subject of a pilot study to: (1) determine the types
of public data and methodological approaches avail-
able to study the problem; and (2) assess and measure
actual impact based on (1). Ten chemicals were se-
lected for initial study, based on: (1) their presence on
NIOSH and EPA or OSHA lists of potential carcinogen-
ic substances; (2) availability of sufficient public data
for analysis (3) reasonable diversity and representa-
tiveness. A total of 28 categories of production or use
were studied for these ten chemicals. They were sup-
plemented by eight uses for three additional chemicals
in some of the analyses conducted. Economic case
history studies and formal econometric statistical
models were the investigation tools used. It was con-
cluded that although important data gaps and limita-
tions in economic methodology existed in this pilot
study, sufficient public data were available for a
number of high-profile chemicals to conduct a mean-
ingful pilot assessment of the impact of suspect
hazard designation on their production/use, and that
for these chemicals suspect hazard designation fre-
quently had a significant impact on production/con-
sumption.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, "Hazardous materials,
"Economic analysis, "Regulations, "Public health,
"Environmental surveys, "Industrial hygiene, Pilot
plants, Assessments, Industrial wastes. Carcinogens,
Manufacturers, Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium inorgan-
ic compounds, Pesticides, Mathematical models,
Tables(Data), State government, Federal government,
"Toxic substances, "Occupational safety and health,
Ethylene/trichloro, Ethylene/perchloro, Case studies.
PB85-208171/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Summary of Precision and Accuracy Assess-
ments for the State and Local Air Monitoring Net-
works, 1982,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
E. G. Evans, R. C. Rhodes, W. J. Mitchell, and J. C.
Puzak. Apr 85, 151 p EPA/600/4-85/031
See also PB84-189968.
Precision and accuracy data obtained from State and
local agencies during 1982 are summarized and evalu-
ated. Some comparisons are made with the results
previously reported for 1981 to determine the indica-
tion of any trends. Some trends indicating improve-
ment in the precision and accuracy of monitoring data
are given on a national and regional basis. The annual
average results from each reporting organization are
given so that comparisons may be made from 1981 to
1982 and also with other reporting organizations. A
comparison of the precision and accuracy from the
Precision and Accuracy Reporting System and that
from the independent performance audit program con-
ducted by the Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab-
oratory is given.
Keywords: "Quality assurance, "Air pollution, Trends,
National government. State government, Regulations,
Sites, Sampling, Tables(Data), Assessments, Compar-
ison, Performance, "Air quality data, "Precision and
accuracy reporting systems, "Air pollution sampling,
"State and local air monitoring stations networks, Na-
tional performance audit program.
PB85-208874/HSU	PC A22/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Demonstration of Acceptable Systems for Land
Disposal of Sewage Sludge.
Ohio Farm Bureau Development Corp., Columbus.
May 85, 513p EPA/600/2-85/062
Prepared in cooperation with Ohio State Univ., Colum-
bus, and Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Toxicology and Microbiology Div.
The objective was to demonstrate sludge application
systems for farmland that would minimize any adverse
effects on the environment and public health, achieve
both urban and rural acceptance, and be generally
beneficial for producer and receptor of the sludge. A
comprehensive health effects study of the families
living on sludge-receiving farms was conducted.
Health status of residents of 47 sludge-using farms
were compared with 46 control farms. Neither inci-
dence of disease, nor evidence of viral infections dif-
fered significantly between sludge-using and control
farms. Neither was the health of livestock found to be
different between the two groups of farms. The sludge
was effective in increasing crop yields over yields with-
out sludge or fertilizer.
Keywords: "Sludge disposal, "Environmental impacts,
"Farm management, Public health. Fertilizers, Solid
waste disposal, Viral infections, Soil analysis. Live-
stock, Sewage treatment, Urban areas, Rural areas,
"Land disposal, "Sewage sludge, "Waste utilization,
"Renewable resources, Health risks, Resource con-
servation, Farmland.
PB85-210102/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Temperature and Food Density on Sur-
vival and Growth of 'Menidia peninsulae' Larvae
(Pisces: Atherinidae). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
D. M. McMullen, and D. P. Middaugh. 1985,11 p EPA/
600/J-85/052
Pub. in Estuaries, v8 n1 p39-47 Mar 85.
Day of hatch tidewater silversides, Menidia peninsu-
lae, were stocked at 5 fish per liter in 31 of seawater at
30 degrees/oo and raised for 16 days at 20 degrees,
25 degrees and 30 degrees C. Food organisms (Bran-
chionus sp. or Artemia nauplii) were maintained at 500,
1,000, 5,000 or 10,000 food organisms/I. The influ-
ence of food density on growth of larval M. peninsulae
was temperature dependent. At 20 degrees C, there
was no difference in final size of fish based on food
densities. At 25 degrees C, there was an increase in
final body size as food density increased from 500 to
5,000/1. At 30 degrees C, there was an increase in final
size as food density increased from 1,000 to 5,000/1.
There were no significant differences in survival be-
tween food densities in tests at 20 degrees, 25 de-
grees or 30 degrees C. However, for any given temper-
ature and food density, differential survival patterns
were significant in explaining variance in final size be-
tween replicates. Optimal culture conditions for larval
M. peninsulae were determined to be 5,000 food orga-
nisms/I at 25 degrees C.
Keywords: "Fishes, Temperature, Survival, Food den-
sity, Growth, Reprints, "Silversides, Menidia peninsu-
lae, Branchionus, Artemia nauplii.
PB85-210110	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Hepatocarcinogeniclty of Benzo(a)Pyrene to
Rainbow Trout By Dietary Exposure and Intraperi-
toneal Injection. Journal article,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Food Science
and Technology.
J. D. Hendricks, T. R. Meyers, D. W. Shelton, J. L,
Casteel, and G. S. Bailey. c1985,14p EPA/600/J-85/
053
Also pub. as Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Agricultural
Experiment Station, Technical Paper-7152.
Pub. in Jnl. of the National Cancer Institute, v74 n4
P839-851 Apr 85.
The influence of benzo(a)pyrene on the induction of
certain enzymes within the hepataic mixed-function
oxidase (MFO) system and its potential carcinogenicity
were examined in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).
Twelve months after BP exposure was initiated, 15%
of the BP-fed fish had histologically confirmed neo-
plasms of the liver. After 18 months the incidence in-
creased to 25%. No evidence of neoplasia was ob-
served in control fish. These results indicate that BP is
a potent inducer of selected hepatic MFO enzymes
and establish, for the first time, the hepatocarcinogeni-
clty of BP in an aquatic species.
Keywords: "Pyrenes, "Trout, "Carcinogens, "Diets,
Benzene, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Liver,
Neoplasms, Histology, Tolerances(Physiology),
Growth, Mortality, Enzymes, Reprints, "Salmo gaird-
neri, BP, Pyrene/benzo.
PB85-210128	Not available NTIS
Evaluation of Chemicals Used for Drinking Water
Disinfection for Production of Chromosomal
Damage and Sperm-Head Abnormalities in Mice.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
J. R. Meier, R. J. Bull, J. A. Stober, and M. C. Cimino
C1985,12p EPA/600/J-85/046
Prepared in cooperation with Litton Bionetics, Inc.,
Kensington, MD.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pub. in Environmental Mutagenesis, v7 p201-211
1985.
Chemical oxidants are commonly added during water
treatment for disinfection purposes. These chemicals
have not been tested previously for their ability to
induce genetic damage in vivo. Chlorine (hypochlorite
and hypochlorous acid), monochloramine, chlorine di-
oxide, sodium chlorite and sodium chlorate were eval-
uated for induction of chromosomal aberrations and
micronuclei in bone marrow of CD-1 mice, and for in-
duction of spermhead abnormalities in 86C3F1 mice.
There was no evidence of other effects with any of the
disinfectants. Halogenated acetonitriles, which have
previously been shown to form in the stomach follow-
ing oral dosing of sodium hypochlorite to rats, were
also tested in the spermhead abnormality assay but
gave no indication of an effect.
Keywords: * In vivo analysis, "Water treatment, "Disin-
fectants, "Oxidizers, "Toxicology, "Bioassay, "Chro-
mosome abnormalities, Public health, Laboratory ani-
mals, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Toxicity, Potable water,
Genetics, Reprints, "Chemical treatment, "Water pol-
lution effects(Animals), "Water pollution
effects(Humans).
PBS5-210136/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Water
Div.
Manual for Evaluating Predicted and Actual Im-
pacts of Construction Grants Projects,
ESEI/EcolSciences, South Bend, IN.
L. Adams-Walden. Jan 85,106p
Contract EPA-68-04-5017
A detailed methodology has been developed which
determines the accuracy with which planning and envi-
ronmental review documents (NEPA documents) as-
sessed predicted environmental effects of Construc-
tion Grants projects. The methodology was developed
to evaluate the entire spectrum of Construction Grants
projects. In general, evaluations are possible for three
types of situations: single project; aggregate of
projects; and an entire program. Specific components
of the methodology include the use of: (1) a simple set
of procedures; (2) a standard set of issues for evalua-
tions; (3) systematic data retrieval; (4) uniform meas-
urements; and (5) consistent documentation. Use of
the manual will necessitate a combination of struc-
tured analysis with qualified professional judgment;
judgment that assumes a degree of experience in
impact assessment. Documentation of judgmental de-
cisions is required within the methodology to insure an
understanding of the subjective factors influencing the
evaluations.
Keywords: "Environmental impacts, "Manuals, "Con-
struction costs, "Grants, Assessments, Methodology,
Water quality, Wetlands, Flood plains. Surface water.
Air pollution, Socioeconomic status, Agricultural prod-
ucts, Cultural(Social sciences), Water pollution control,
Ground water, Baseline measurements, Solid wastes,
Air quality, Energy use.
PB65-210326/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Diet Quantity on Sheepshead Minnows
'Cyprinodon variegatus' during Early Life-Stage
Exposures to Chlorpyrlfos,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
G. M. Cripe, 0. J. Hansen, S. F. Macauley, and J.
Forester. Jun 85, 23p EPA/600/D-85/117
The influence of food quantity on the effects of chlor-
pyrifos was determined in six early life-stage (ELS) tox-
icity tests with e9tuarine sheepshead minnows, Cyprin-
odon variegatus. Three ELS tests were conducted si-
multaneously, each with a different feeding density:
approximately 20, 110 or 550 Artemia nauplii/fish per
feeding. In the first series of three tests, growth was
significantly reduced (p greater than or equal to 0.001)
at nearly all feeding densities and concentrations
tested (3.1 to 52 micrograms chlorpyrifos/l). There-
fore, a second series of tests was conducted at lower
chlorpyrifos concentrations that ranged from 0.4 to 6.8
micrograms/l and at the same feeding densities. At
test termination bioconcentration factors (amount of
chlorpyrifos in tissue divided by average measured
water concentrations) and chlorpyrifos in whole fish at
exposure concentrations greater than or equal to 3.0
micrograms/l generally increased with increasing Arte-
mia densities and increasing chlorpyrifos concentra-
tions.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Diets, "Minnows, "Water pollu-
tion, Chlorine organic compounds, Tests, Feeding
stuffs,	Volume,	Growth, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition),	Weight(Mass),
Tissues(Biology), Survival, "Cyprinodon variegatus,
Sheepshead minnows, "Chlorpyrifos, Artemia.
PB85-210813/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Comparison of System Design and Reproducibil-
ity to Estimate Bioconcentration of Di-n-Hex-
ylphthalate By 'Daphnia magna'. Journal article,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
S. P. Gloss, and G. R. Biddinger. 1985,16p EPA/600/
D-85/115
Duplicated flow-through exposure systems consisting
of two diluters, operated simultaneously, were used to
compare the bioconcentration of (14)C-di-n-hexylphth-
alate ((14)C-DHP) by Daphnia magna under single-
species (modular) or multispecies (mixed) model for-
mats proposed for use as microcosms to estimate bio-
concentration. Triplicate exposures of Daphnia in each
diluter system were made under conditions which pro-
vided the following possible sources of DHP: (1) water
only fed (Daphnia in mixed model fed unlabled algae),
(2) water only unfed, (3) water plus food (labled algae),
and (4) food only.
Keywords: "Isotopic labeling, "Aquatic biology, "Food
chains, "Toxicology, "Daphnia, "Water pollution, Ex-
posure, Comparison, Chemical analysis, Design crite-
ria, Performance evaluation, Crustacea, Accumulation,
Concentration(Composition), "Bioaccumulation, "Mi-
crocosms, "Phthalic acid/(dihexyl-ester), "Water pol-
lution detection, "Water pollution effects(Animals),
"Diluters, Biological indicators, "Daphnia magna, Path
of pollutants.
PB8$-210847/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
International Sulfur Deposition Model Evaluation •
1980 Standard Model Input Data Set,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
T. L. Clark, D. H. Coventry, B. K. Eder, C. M. Benkovitz,
and V. A. Evans. 1985,16p EPA/600/D-85/112
Prepared in cooperation with Department of the Envi-
ronment, Ottawa (Ontario) and Brookhaven National
Lab., Upton, NY.
North American meteorological and sulfur amissions
data for 1980 have been processed to serve as input
data to regional acid deposition models participating in
the International Sulfur Deposition Model Evaluation
(ISDME) Project. Using these data sets, 15 regional
acid deposition models are to simulate seasonal and
annual ambient concentrations and dry and wet depo-
sition amounts of sulfur dioxide and sulfate. As the
main objective of the ISDME Project, simulated sulfur
wet deposition amounts are to be compared to meas-
urements at selected sites of five North American pre-
cipitation chemistry networks. Discussions focus on
the data processing procedures and the 1980 model
input data sets.
Keywords: "Mathematical models, "Sulfur, "Sulfur in-
organic compounds, 'North America, Sulfur dioxide,
Sulfates, Comparison, Performance evaluation, Mete-
orology, Concentration(Composition), Sites, Data
processing, Standards, 'International sulfur deposition
models, 'Acid rain, "Air pollution sampling, "Air quality
data, Dry deposition, Wet deposition, Ranking.
PB8S-2108S4/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Meteorological Events That Produced the Highest
Ground-Level Concentrations during Complex
Terrain Field Experiments,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
F. A. Schiermeier, T. F. Lavery, and D. C. DiCristofaro.
1985,14p EPA/600/D-85/114
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Research
and Technology, Inc., Concord, MA.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is
sponsoring the Complex Terrain Model Development
project, a multi-year study to develop improved models
for calculating ground-level air pollutant concentra-
tions that result from large emission sources located in
mountainous terrain. The project started with tracer
and flow visualization experiments and fluid modeling
for isolated, simple terrain features-Cinder Cone Butte
(CCB), Idaho and the Hogback Ridge (HBR), New
Mexico-and has progressed to the Full Scale Plume
Study (FSPS), conducted at the Tracy Power Plant
near Reno, Nevada during August 1984. The CCB and
HBR experiments and related fluid modeling have
demonstrated the usefulness of the concept of a divid-
ing-streamline height (Hs) in discriminating between
essentially horizontal flow that goes around the sides
of the terrain features and flow that goes up and over
the terrain. An analysis of tracer gas concentrations
observed at CCB and HBR showed that the highest
concentrations occurred during direct impingement of
plumes released at elevations near the height of the di-
viding streamline.
Keywords:	"Air pollution, Models,
Concentration(Composition), Mountainous, Meteorol-
ogy, Models, "Terrain models.
PB8S-210888/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Evaluation of Chemical Reaction Mechanisms for
Photochemical Smog. Part 3. Sensitivity of EKMA
(Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach) to Chemi-
cal Mechanism and Input Parameters. Final rept.
Mar 84-Feb 85,
California Inst, of Tech., Pasadena.
T. B. Shafer, and J. H. Seinfeld. May 85,87p EPA/
600/3-85/042
See also PB85-166080.
Six chemical reaction mechanisms for photochemical
smog were used to study the effect of input param-
eters on volatile organic compound (VOC) control re-
quirements needed to reduce ozone. The parameters
studied were initial VOC composition, dilution rate,
post 8-A.M. emissions, base case (present day) 03
levels, entrainment from aloft of VOC and ozone, initial
HONO and initial VOC/NOx ratio. The Empirical Kinet-
ic Modeling Approach (EKMA) was used to generate
ozone isopleths for each chemical mechanism. The
VOC control needed to reduce the maximum ozone
concentration from some present day value to 0.12
ppm was calculated using the six mechanisms. The ini-
tial VOC/NOx ratio was found to have the largest
effect of all the parameters studied on VOC control re-
quirements. Ozone entrainment from aloft and the
composition of the initial VOC mixture also had a large
effect on predicted control requirements. To reduce
the degree of uncertainty in control predictions, it is
necessary to establish as accurately as possible the
composition of urban air, Also, because of the sub-
stantial effect the choice of chemical mechanism has
on predicted control requirements, it is important that
efforts continue to be directed toward evaluating can-
didate mechanisms with respect to their ability to simu-
late atmospheric smog chemistry.
Keywords: "Photochemical reactions, "Air pollution
control, 'Smog, Ozone, Nitrogen oxides. Urban areas,
Chemical composition, Concentration(Composition),
Nomographs, Comparison, Meteorology, Input,
"Chemical reaction mechanisms, "Volatile organic
compounds, 'EKMA models, "Atmospheric chemistry.
PB85-211217/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Pathobiologlcal Measures of Marine Pollution Ef-
fects,
West Virginia Univ., Morgantown. Dept. of Anatomy.
D. E. Hinton, and J. A. Couch. Jun 85, 28p EPA/600/
D-85/123
This paper reviews major categories of pathobiological
research, citing strengths and weaknesses of each.
Where appropriate, examples from the aquatic toxicol-
ogy literature are cited. Finally, the application of the
pathobiological approach to field studies and the im-
portance of findings in aquatic species to other spe-
cies including man are discussed.
Keywords: 'Pathology, 'Toxicity, 'Water pollution, As-
sessments, Field tests, Liver, Cells(Biology), Injuries,
Disease vectors, Enzymes, Morphology, Biochemistry,
Physiology, "Marine environments, Water pollution
effects(Animals), Water pollution effects(Plants),
Water pollution effects(Humans).
PB85-2112S8/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Alternative Processes for Treatment of Sinter
Plant Wastewater. Final rept. Oct 81-Nov 83,
Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Boston, MA.
C. L. Rudasill, K. Brantner, and S. A. Hall. May 85, 73p
EPA/600/2-85/060
Contract EPA-68-02-3195
The report gives results of an evaluation of the effec-
tiveness of two treatment alternatives in achieving
best available technology (BAT) standards: (1) direct
filtration, using a dual media filter; and (2) hydroxide
precipitation with lime, followed by dual media filtra-
tion. With the promulgation of Best Available Technol-
ogy Economically Achievable Effluent Guidelines and
Standards for Iron and Steel Manufacturing, a greater
degree of treatment than the clarification process nor-
mally used to achieve best practicable technology
(BPT) standards may be required for sintering plant
blowdown. Evaluation of a third alternative, alkaline
chlorination, was attempted; but. due to nonrepresen-
tative test conditions, the effort was abandoned.
Based on the limited data generated during the study,
it appears that either treatment alternative tested
would produce an effluent that would meet the promul-
gated BAT standards. Direct filtration is less expensive
and requires less maintenance and operator attention
than the hydroxide precipitation/filtration alternative.
The treatment processes were tested, using two EPA-
owned mobile pilot plant trailers: one contained a clari-
fier, used to simulate preclarification; and the other
contained the hydroxide precipitation clarifier, chemi-
cal tanks, dual media filter, and associated equipment.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Iron and steel in-
dustry, "Sintering, Substitutes, Industrial waste treat-
ment, Standards, Filtration, Precipitation(Chemistry),
Clarification, Chlorination, "Best technology.
PB85-211340/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Assessment of Cadmium Exposure and Toxicity
Risk in an American Vegetarian Population. Final
rept. Aug 78-Aug 83,
Loma Linda Univ. Medical Center, CA.
R. E. Willard. May 85,51 p EPA/600/1-85/009
Contract EPA-R-806006
It has been postulated that nonvegetarians may be ex-
posed to less cadmium than vegetarians because of
the cadmium-poor meat in their diet. This study at-
tempts to test this possibility by measuring the cadmi-
um exposure and accumulation in a population sub-
group that includes many vegetarians. The conclu-
sions are: No statistical difference in cadmium expo-
sure rate is demonstrated between the nonvegetarians
and lacto-ovo-vegetarians of this study. The cadmium
exposure rate of the small group of pure vegetarians
studied is in the direction anticipated (higher than non-
vegetarians) but is not large enough to achieve statisti-
cal significance. Cadmium accumulation in the critical
organ (kidney) of subjects coming to autopsy is well
below the range associated with renal injury. Quantita-
tive methods for measuring total urine protein are not
as satisfactory for assessing tubular proteinuria as
those developed to measure the small proteins that
normally appear in the glomerular filtrate.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Cadmium, Humans, Bioas-
say, Metals, Exposure, Assessments, "Vegetarians,
Bioaccumulation.
PB85-211357/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Modeling Remedial Actions at Uncontrolled Haz-
ardous Waste Sites. Final rept. Nov 82-Feb 85,
Anderson-Nichols and Co., Inc., Palo Alto, CA.
S. H. Boutwell, S. M. Brown, B. R. Roberts, and D. F.
Atwood. Apr 85,463p" EPA/540/2-85/001
Contract EPA-68-03-3116
The document provides guidance on the selection and
use of models for the purpose of evaluating the effec-
tiveness of remedial actions at uncontrolled hazardous
waste sites. It consists of four sections, each covering
a specific facet on modeling remedial actions, includ-
ing selection of models, and the use of simplified, ana-
lytical, and numerical models for the evaluation of sub-
surface, waste control, and surface water remedial ac-
tions. This document provides a comprehensive set of
guidelines to regulatory officials for the incorporation
of models into the remedial action planning process at
Federal and State super fund sites.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Sites, "Water pollu-
tion control, Assessments, Soils, Mathematical
models, Surface waters, Subsurface drainage, Water
wells, Ground water, Seepage, Fluid infiltration. State
government, Pumping, National government, Hydrau-
lics, Drawdown, Water table, Uncontrolled sites, Super
fund, Path of pollutants.
PB85-211423/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Manual for Evaluating Contamination Potential of
Surface Impoundments,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
L. R. Silka, and T. L. Swearingen. Jun 78,86p EPA/
570/9-78/003
The manual was specifically prepared for implement-
ing a standardized evaluation system for the EPA
Office of Drinking Water Surface Impoundment As-
sessment. The manual describes a first round evalua-
tion system for rating the ground water contamination
potential of surface impoundments. The evaluation
system contains eight steps: rating the unsaturated
zone, rating the ground water availability, rating the
ground water quality, rating the waste hazard potential,
computing the overall ground water contamination po-
tential, rating the potential endangerment to current
users of the ground water, rating the investigator's
confidence in the data, miscellaneous identifiers.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, "Contamination, "Water
quality, Sites, Evaluation, Implementation,
Lagoons(Ponds), Ground water.
PB85-211936/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Exposure and Risk Assessment for Phthalate
Esters (Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate, Di-n-Butyl
Phthalate, Dimethyl Phthalate, Diethyl Phthalate,
Di-n-Octyl Phthalate, Butyl Benzyl Phthalate) (Re-
vised). Final rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
J. Perwak, M. Goyer, G. Schimke, A. Eschenroeder,
and J. Fiksel. May 81,176p* EPA/440/4-81/020
Contracts EPA-68-01-3857, EPA-68-01-5949
This report assesses the risk of exposure to di(2-ethyl-
hexyl) phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, dimethyl phthal-
ate, diethyl phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate, and butyl
benzyl phthalate. This study is part of a program to
identify the sources of and evaluate exposure to 129
priority pollutants. The analysis is based on available
information from government, industry, and technical
publications assembled in May of 1981. The assess-
ment includes an identification of releases to the envi-
ronment during production, use, or disposal of the sub-
stance. In addition, the fate of phthalate esters in the
environment is considered; ambient levels to which
various populations of humans and aquatic life are ex-
posed are reported. Exposure levels are estimated
and available data on toxicity are presented and inter-
preted. Information concerning all of these topics is
combined in an assessment of the risks of exposure to
phthalate esters for various subpopulations.
Keywords: "Risk, "Hazardous materials, "Industrial hy-
giene, "Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, "Phtha-
lates, "Public health, Sources, Assessments, Expo-
sure, Water pollution, Carcinogens, Food analysis,
Esters, Air pollution, Surface waters, Potable water,
Mutagens, Epidemiology, Laboratory animals, "Phthal-
ic acid/bis(ethylhexyl-ester), "Phthalic acid/(dibutyl-
ester), "Phthalic acid/(dimethyl-ester), "Phthalic acid/
(diethyl-ester), "Water pollution effects(Humans), "Oc-
cupational safety and health, "Toxic substances, "En-
vironmental health, Path of pollutants, Cancer, Water
pollution effects(Animals).
PB85-211944/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Exposure and Risk Assessment for Pentachloro-
phenol. Final rept.,
Little (Arthur D ), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
K. Scow, M. Goyer, E. Payne, J. Perwak, and R.
Thomas. Oct 80,193p* EPA/440/4-81/021
Contract EPA-68-01-3857
This report assesses the risk of exposure to pentach-
lorophenol. This study is part of a program to identify
the sources of and evaluate exposure to 129 priority
pollutants. The analysis is based on available informa-
tion from government, industry, and technical publica-
tions assembled in October 1980. The assessment in-
cludes an identification of releases to the environment
during production, use, or disposal of the substance. In
addition, the fate of pentachlorophenol in the environ-
ment is considered; ambient levels to which various
populations of humans and aquatic life are exposed
are reported. Exposure levels are estimated and avail-
able data on toxicity are presented and interpreted. In-
formation concerning all of these topics is combined in
an assessment of the risks of exposure to pentachlor-
ophenol for various subpopulations.
Keywords: "Risk, "Hazardous materials, "Industrial hy-
giene, "Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, "Public
health, Sources, Assessments, Exposure, Water pollu-
tion, Carcinogens, Food analysis, Air pollution, Surface
waters, Potable water, Mutagens, Epidemiology, Labo-
ratory animals, "Phenol/pentachloro, "Water pollution
effects(Humans), "Occupational safety and health,
"Toxic substances, "Environmental health, Path of
pollutants, Cancer, Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB85-211951/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Exposure and Risk Assessment for Chlorinated
Phenols (2-Chlorophenol, 2,4-Dlchlorophenol,
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol) (Revised). Final rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
K. Scow, M. Goyer, J. Perwak, C. Woodruff, and K.
Saterson. Mar 82,119p" EPA/440/4-85/007
Contracts EPA-68-01-3857, EPA-68-01-5949
This report assesses the risk of exposure to 2-chloro-
phenol, 2-4-dichlorophenol, and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol.
This study is part of a program to identify the sources
of and evaluate exposure to 129 priority pollutants.
The analysis is based on available information from
government, industry, and technical publications as-
sembled in June of 1981. The assessment includes an
identification of releases to the environment during
production, use, or disposal of the substance. In addi-
tion, the fate of chlorophenols in the environment is
considered; ambient levels to which various popula-
tions of humans and aquatic life are exposed are re-
ported. Exposure levels are estimated and available
data on toxicity are presented and interpreted. Infor-
mation concerning all of these topics is combined in an
assessment of the risks of exposure to chlorophenols
for various subpopulations.
Keywords: "Risk, "Hazardous materials, "Industrial hy-
giene, "Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, "Phen-
ols, "Public health, Sources, Assessments, Exposure,
Water pollution, Carcinogens, Food analysis, Air pollu-
tion, Surface waters, Potable water, Mutagens, Epide-
miology, Laboratory animals, "Phenol/chloro,
"Phenol/dichloro, "Phenol/trichloro, "Water pollution
effects(Humans), "Occupational safety and health,
"Toxic substances, "Environmental health, Path of
pollutants, Cancer, Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB85-211969/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Exposure and Risk Assessment for Olchloroben-
zanes (1,2-Olchlorobenzene, 1,3-Dlchlorobenzene,
1,4-Dichlorobenzene) (Revised). Final rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
J. Harris, S. Coons, M. Byrne, J. Fiksel, and K. Moss.
Jun81,142p* EPA/440/4-81/019
Contract EPA-68-01-5949
Prepared in cooperation with Acurex Corp., Mountain
View, CA.
The report assesses the risk of exposure to 1,2-dich-
lorobenzene, 1,3-dichlorobenzene, and 1,4-dichloro-
benzene. This study is part of a program to identify the
sources of and evaluate exposure to 129 priority pol-
lutants. The analysis is based on available information
from government, industry, and technical publications
assembled in March of 1981. The assessment in-
cludes an identification of releases to the environment
during production, use, or disposal of the substance. In
addition, the fate of dichlorobenzenes in the environ-
ment is considered; ambient levels to which various
populations of humans and aquatic life are exposed
are reported. Exposure levels are estimated and avail-
able data on toxicity are presented and interpreted. In-
formation concerning all of these topics is combined in
an assessment of the risks of exposure to dichloroben-
zenes for various subpopulations.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Risk, 'Hazardous materials, "Industrial hy-
giene, "Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, 'Public
health, Chlorobenzenes, Sources, Assessments, Ex-
posure, Water pollution, Carcinogens, Food analysis.
Air pollution, Surface waters, Potable water, Muta-
gens, Epidemiology, Laboratory animals, "Benzene/
dichloro, "Water pollution effects(Humans), "Occupa-
tional safety and health, 'Toxic substances, "Environ-
mental health, Path of pollutants, Cancer, Water pollu-
tion effects(Animals).
RB85-211977/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Exposure and Risk Assessment for Trlhalometh-
anes (Chloroform, Bromoform, Bromodichloro-
methane, Dlbromochloromethane). Final rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
J. Perwak, M. Goyer, J. Harris, G. Schimke, and K.
Scow. Nov 80, 121 p* EPA/440/4-81/018
Contract EPA-68-01 -3857
The report assesses the risk of exposure to chloro-
form, bromoform, bromodichloromethane, and dibro-
mochloromethane. The study is part of a program to
identify the sources of and evaluate exposure to 129
priority pollutants. The analysis is based on available
information from government, industry, and technical
publications assembled in November 1980. The as-
sessment includes an identification of releases to the
environment during production, use, or disposal of the
substance. In addition, the fate of trihalomethanes in
the environment is considered; ambient levels to which
various populations of humans and aquatic life are ex-
posed are reported. Exposure levels are estimated
and available data on toxicity are presented and inter-
preted. Information concerning all of these topics is
combined in an assessment of the risks of exposure to
trihalomethanes for various subpopulations.
Keywords: "Risk, "Hazardous materials, "Industrial hy-
giene, "Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, "Public
health, "Chloroform, "Bromoform, Sources, Assess-
ments, Exposure, Water pollution, Carcinogens, Food
analysis, Air pollution, Surface waters, Potable water,
Mutagens, Epidemiology, Laboratory animals, "Halo-
methanes, "Methane/chloro-dibromo, "Methane/
bromo-dichloro, "Water pollution effects(Humans),
"Occupational safety and health, 'Toxic substances,
"Environmental health, Path of pollutants, Cancer,
Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB85-211985/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Exposure and Risk Assessment for Copper. Final
rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
J. Perwak, S. Bysshe, M. Goyer, L. Nelken, and K.
Scow. Sep 80,180p* EPA/440/4-81 /015
Contract EPA-68-01-3857
This report assesses the risk of exposure to copper.
This study is part of a program to identify the sources
of and evaluate exposure to 129 priority pollutants.
The analysis is based on available information from
government, industry, and technical publications as-
sembled in September 1980. The assessment in-
cludes an identification of releases to the environment
during production, use, or disposal of the substance. In
addition, the fate of copper in the environment is con-
sidered: ambient levels to which various populations of
humans and aquatic life are exposed are reported. Ex-
posure levels are estimated and available data on tox-
icity are presented and interpreted. Information con-
cerning all of these topics is combined in an assess-
ment of the risks of exposure to copper for various
subpopulations.
Keywords: "Risk, "Hazardous materials, "Industrial hy-
giene, "Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, "Copper,
Public health, Sources, Assessments, Exposure,
Water pollution, Carcinogens, Metals, Food analysis,
Air pollution, Surface waters, Potable water, Muta-
gens, Epidemiology, Laboratory animals. "Water pollu-
tion effects(Humans), "Occupational safety and
health, "Toxic substances, "Environmental health,
Heavy metals, Path of pollutants, Cancer, Water pollu-
tion effects(Animals).
PB85-211993/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Exposure and Risk Assessment for Silver. Final
rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
K. Scow, M. Goyer, L. Nelken, P. Cruse, and K. Moss.
Jun 81, 228p EPA/440/4-81/017
Contracts EPA-68-01-3857, EPA-68-01-5949
Prepared in cooperation with Acurex Corp., Mountain
View, CA.
The report assesses the risk of exposure to silver. The
study is part of a program to identify the sources of and
evaluate exposure to 129 priority pollutants. The anal-
ysis is based on available information from govern-
ment, industry, and technical publications assembled
in June of 1981. The assessment includes an identifi-
cation of releases to the environment during produc-
tion, use, or disposal of the substance. In addition, the
fate of silver in the environment is considered; ambient
levels to which various populations of humans and
aquatic life are exposed and reported. Exposure levels
are estimated and available data on toxicity are pre-
sented and interpreted. Information concerning all of
these topics is combined in an assessment of the risks
of exposure to silver for various subpopulations.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Environmental sur-
veys, "Toxicology, "Public health, "Industrial hygiene,
"Silver, Exposure, Risk, Assessments, Sources, Indus-
trial wastes, Ecology, Air pollution, Water pollution,
Humans, Exhaust emissions, Materials tests,
Plants(Botany), Animals, Microorganisms, Waste dis-
posal, Metals, "Health risks, "Toxic substances, "Envi-
ronmental health, "Occupational safety and health,
Heavy metals, Path of pollutants, Land pollution.
PB85-212009/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Exposure and Risk Assessment for Zinc. Final
rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
J. Perwak, M. Goyer, L. Nelken, G. Schimke, and K.
Scow. Aug 80,182p* EPA/440/4-81/016
Contract EPA-68-01 -3857
This report assesses the risk of exposure to zinc. This
study is part of a program to identify the sources of and
evaluate exposure to 129 priority pollutants. The anal-
ysis is based on available information from govern-
ment, industry, and technical publications assembled
in August 1980. The assessment includes an identifi-
cation of releases to the environment during produc-
tion, use, or disposal of the substance. In addition, the
fate of zinc in the environment is considered; ambient
levels to which various populations of humans and
aquatic life are exposed are reported. Exposure levels
are estimated and available data on toxicity are pre-
sented and interpreted. Information concerning all of
these topics is combined in an assessment of the risks
of exposure to zinc for various subpopulations.
Keywords: "Risk, "Hazardous materials, "Industrial hy-
giene, "Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, "Zinc,
Public health, Sources, Assessments, Exposure,
Water pollution, Carcinogens, Metals, Food analysis,
Air pollution, Surface waters, Potable water, Muta-
gens, Epidemiology, Laboratory animals, "Water pollu-
tion effects(Humans), "Occupational safety and
health, "Toxic substances, "Environmental health,
Path of pollutants, Cancer, Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB85-212017/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Exposure and Risk Assessment for Benzene (Re-
vised). Final rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
D. Gilbert. M. Byrne, J. Harris, W. Steber, and C.
Woodruff. Jan 82,197p* EPA/440/4-85/006
Contract EPA-68-01 -5949
This report assesses the risk of exposure to benzene.
This study is part of a program to identify the sources
of and evaluate exposure to 129 priority pollutants.
The analysis is based on available information from
government, industry, and technical publications as-
sembled in March of 1981. The assessment includes
an identification of releases to the environment during
production, use, or disposal of the substance. In addi-
tion, the fate of benzene in the environment is consid-
ered; ambient levels to which various populations of
humans and aquatic life are exposed are reported. Ex-
posure levels are estimated and available data on tox-
icity are presented and interpreted. Information con-
cerning all of these topics is combined in an assess-
ment of the risks of exposure to benzene for various
subpopulations.
Keywords: "Risk, "Hazardous materials, * Industrial hy-
giene, "Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, "Public
health, Dosage, Sources, Assessments, Exposure,
Water pollution, Carcinogens, Food analysis, Air pollu-
tion, Surface waters, Potable water, Mutagens, Epide-
miology, Laboratory animals, "Benzene, "Water pollu-
tion effects(Humans), "Occupational safety and
health, "Toxic substances, "Environmental health,
Path of pollutants, Cancer, Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB85-212124/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Impact of Drilling Fluids on Seagrasses: An Exper-
imental Community Approach,
University of West Florida, Pensacola. Dept. of Biol-
ogy.
R. D. Morton, T. W. Duke, J. M. Macauley, J. R. Clark,
and W. A. Price. Jun 85,28p EPA/600/D-85/121
Effects of a used drilling fluid on an experimental sea-
grass community (Thalassia testudinum) were meas-
ured by exposing the community to the suspended par-
ticulate phase (SPP) in laboratory microcosms. Struc-
ture of the macroinvertebrate assemblage, growth and
chlorophyll content of grass and associated epiphytes,
and rates of decomposition as indicated by weight loss
of grass leaves in treated and untreated microcosms
were compared. There were statistically significant dif-
ferences in community structure and function among
untreated microcosms and those receiving the clay
and drilling fluid. For example, drilling fluid and clay
caused a significant loss in the number of the ten most
numerically abundant (dominant) macroinvertebrates,
and drilling fluid decreased the rate at which Thalassia
leaves decomposed.
Keywords: "Drillingfluids, "Seagrasses, "Waterpollu-
tion, Exposure, Growth, Chlorophylls, Decomposition,
Losses, Invertebrates, Leaves(Botany), Microcosms,
"Thalassia.
PBS5-212132/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Some Methods for Measuring Effects of Toxi-
cants on Laboratory- and Field-Colonized Estua-
rine Benthlc Communities,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
M. E. Tagatz. Jun 85,25p EPA/600/D-85/120
Effects of toxicants on estuarine macrobenthic ani-
mals that developed in sand-filled boxes in the labora-
tory and field during 8 weeks were determined by com-
paring community structures in control boxes and in
boxes treated with a toxicant. Communities that devel-
oped were diverse and averaged 1441 individuals, 30
species, and 6 phyla for laboratory tests and 933 indi-
viduals, 51 species, and 8 phyla for field tests. Toxi-
cants were introduced via water, air, or sediment and
before, during, or after colonization. Tests with labora-
tory- and field-colonized communities provided cor-
roborating data as well as data unique to each test.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Benthos, "Animals, "Estuaries,
Laboratories, Tests, Populations, Communities, Envi-
ronmental impacts, Comparison, Sea water, Worms,
Barnacles, Crustacea, Water pollution, Air pollution,
Sediments.
PBS5-212140	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effect of an Activated Sludge Wastewater Treat-
ment Plant on Ambient Air Densities of Aerosols
Containing Bacteria and Viruses. Journal article,
NT Research Inst., Chicago, IL.
K. F. Fannin, S. C. Vana, and W. Jakubowski. c1985,
9p EPA/600/J-85/045
Grant EPA-R-806062
Prepared in cooperation with Life's Resources, Inc.,
Addison, Ml.
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v49
n5p1191-1196 May 85.
Bacteria and virus-containing aerosols were studied
during late summer and fan in a U.S. midwestern
suburb before and during the start up and operation of
an unenclosed activated sludge wastewater treatment
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
plant. The air in this suburban area contained low-level
densities of indicator microorganisms. After the plant
began operating, the densities of total aerobic bacteria
containing particles, standard plate count bacteria,
total conforms, fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, and
coliphages increased significantly in the air within the
perimeter of the plant. Enteric viruses were detected in
low densities from the air emissions of this plant. Only
standard plate count bacteria remained at significantly
higher than baseline densities beyond 250 m down-
wind from the center of the aeration tanks. Fecal strep-
tococci and coliphages appeared to be more stable in
aerosols than the other indicator microorganisms stud-
ied. In general, the densities of microorganism contain-
ing aerosols were higher at night than during the day-
time. The techniques used in this study may be em-
ployed to establish microorganism-containing aerosol
exposure during epidemiological investigations.
Keywords: "Activated sludge process, "Aerosols, 'Air
pollution, 'Sewage treatment, 'Bacteria, 'Viruses,
Urban areas, Microorganisms, Bioassay,
Density(Mass/volume), Public health, Exposure,
Plants(Botany), Reprints, 'Environmental health, 'Air
pollution effects(Humans), 'Air pollution
effects(Plants), Baseline measurements, Biological in-
dicators.
PB85-212165/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Report,
1983,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
W. F. Hunt, T. C. Curran, R. B. Faoro, N. H. Frank, and
C. Mann. Apr 85, 254p* EPA/450/4-84/029
See also PB84-198746.
This report presents national and regional trends in air
quality from 1975 through 1983 for total suspended
particulate, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen
dioxide, ozone and lead. Both national and regional
trends in each of the major pollutants are examined, as
well as complimentary air quality trends in selected
urban areas for the period 1980 through 1983. Nation-
al air quality trends are also presented for both the Na-
tional Air Monitoring Sites (NAMS) and other site cate-
gories. In addition to ambient air quality, trends are
also presented for annual nationwide emissions.
These emissions are estimated using the best avail-
able engineering calculations; the ambient levels pre-
sented are averages of direct measurements. This
report also includes a section, Air Quality Levels in
Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA's). Its
purpose is to provide interested members of the air
pollution control community, the private sector and the
general public with greatly simplified air pollution infor-
mation. Air quality statistics are presented for each of
the pollutants for all SMSA's with populations exceed-
ing 500,000 for the years 1981,1982, and 1983.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Trends, National govern-
ment, Sites, Carbon monoxide, Sulfur dioxide. Urban
areas, Graphs(Charts), Concentration(Composition),
Nitrogen dioxide, Ozone, Lead(Metal), Standards, Sta-
tistical analysis, 'Air quality, 'Air pollution sampling,
Total suspended particulates.
PB85-212215/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Pollution Monitoring of Puget Sound with Honey
Bees. Journal article,
Montana Univ., Missoula. Gordon Environmental Stud-
ies Lab.
J. J. Bromenshenk, S. R. Carlson, J. C. Simpson, and
J. M. Thomas. C1985, 6p EPA/600/J-85/050
Pub. in Science, v277 p632-634,8 Feb 85.
To show that honey bees are effective biological moni-
tors of environmental contaminants over large geo-
graphic areas, beekeepers of Puget Sound, Washing-
ton, collected pollen and bees for chemical analysis.
From these data, kriging maps of arsenic, cadmium,
and fluoride were generated. Results, based on actual
concentrations of contaminants in bee tissues, show
that the greatest concentrations of contaminants
occur close to Commencement Bay and that honey
bees are effective as large-scale monitors. (Copyright
(c) 1985 by the American Association for the Advance-
ment of Science.)
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Bioassay, 'Bees,
•Monitors, Chemical analysis, Arsenic, Cadmium, Flu-
oride, Concentration(Composition), Tissue extracts.
Reprints, 'Biological indicators, Puget
Sound(Washington).
PB85-212306/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Indoor Air Quality Modeling Workshop Report,
National Bureau of Standards (NEL), Gaithersburg,
MD. Building Physics Div.
P. E. McNall. May 85,16p NBSIR-85/3150
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Comprehensive modeling of emission, absorption,
movement, and controls of indoor air contaminants is
essential for developing national policy for IAQ as-
sessment and controls. This report describes several
topics discussed in a workshop on indoor air quality,
which was held on February 11,1985 at the National
Bureau of Standards. Researchers on IAQ modeling
were invited to state their current activities, identify
future research needs and recommend specific pa-
rameters and contaminants to be included in the IAQ
models. The input thus obtained in this workshop will
be incorporated in an advanced simulation model for
IAQ, to be developed by NBS under a contract with
EPA.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Mathematical
models, 'Regulations, Absorption, Air circulation, Na-
tional government, 'Indoor air pollution, 'Air quality.
PB85-212363/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Human Viruses in the Aquatic Environment: A
Status Report with Emphasis on the EPA (Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency) Research Program.
Report to the Congress.
Environmental Research Center, Cincinnati, OH.
Dec 78,47p EPA/570/9-78/006
The Safe Drinking Water Act, as amended, states very
succinctly that the Administrator of the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency 'Shall carry out a study of
virus contamination.' In a broad interpretation of this
wording, the study of the sources of viral contamina-
tion would require the tracking of viruses from the in-
fected individual, through the sewage system, the nat-
ural aquatic environment and ultimately to the con-
tamination of a glass of drinking water. This report is di-
vided into twelve sections that represent key issues of
interest and activity in the virus-in-water field. It con-
cludes with a discussion of the limitations of the cur-
rent state of knowledge and recommends nine specific
areas for further research effort. This report focuses
on recent findings obtained from the ongoing research
activity and the drinking water survey of the EPA. It is
hoped that this report accurately conveys the state of
knowledge regarding this potential health hazard and
has clearly revealed the studies engaged in by this
Agency in response to the mandate of the Act and the
health needs of the American public.
Keywords: 'Viruses, 'Contamination, 'Potable water,
Humans, Sewage, Disinfection, Risk, Exposure, Re-
search and development, 'Drinking water, 'Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Enteroviruses,
PB85-212371/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Economic Analysis Div.
Valuation of the Life Shortening Aspects of Risk.
Environmental benefits analysis series (Final),
Charles River Associates, Inc., Boston, MA.
L. Harrington. Sep 84,101p EPA/230/07-85/007
Contract EPA-68-01-6596
Prepared in cooperation with Everest Consulting Asso-
ciates, Inc., Arlington, VA.
The report reviews the theoretical models for valuing
life and small changes in risk, emphasizing the life
cycle models of Shepard and Zeckhauser; Cropper;
and Arthur. Their methodology is expanded to include
approaches for valuing one life table compared with
another (such as would result from a program that ex-
tended life expectancy). The effects of age, latency of
risk, and alternative causes of death are related to the
life tables. With specific assumptions about the dis-
count rate, wealth, and the degree of risk aversion, the
value of a statistical life can be calculated, and the
consumer surplus for one life table can be compared
with that of another. The results are demonstrated for
three causes of death: cardiovascular disease, fatal
cancer, and motor vehicle fatalities.
Keywords: "Life expectancy, 'Risk, 'Mortality,
Models, Life cycles, Statistical analysis, Age, Death,
Benefit cost analysis, Life tables.
PB85-212389/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Economic Analysis Div.
Diverse Risks and the Relative Worth of Govern-
ment Health and Safety Programs: An Experimen-
tal Survey. Environmental benefits analysis series
(Final),
Charles River Associates, Inc., Boston, MA.
S. D. Beggs. Jun 84, 136p CRA-700.23, EPA/230/04-
85/005
Contract EPA-68-01-6596
The document reports the results of a preliminary ex-
amination of whether people place different values on
reducing different kinds of risk. The focus of this ex-
ploratory effort is on mortality risks that could be al-
tered by various government health and safety pro-
grams. Using a questionnaire with small experimental
samples, the relative worths of 61 hypothetical lifesav-
ing programs are estimated. An innovative approach is
used, in which respondents balance hypothetical pro-
grams preventing different numbers of fatalities from
different kinds of hazards. Each respondent's willing-
ness to pay (WTP) for a particular type of program is
assumed to be proportional to the number of fatalities
prevented by the program. This allows calculation of
the relative values for reducing different kinds of risk.
Another part of the instrument asks directly for WTP
additional taxes for health and safety programs, for
comparison with the earlier results. Although the
sample size is nonrandom and small, there is some in-
dication that people do distinguish among the worths
of different government health and safety programs,
depending on the types of risks that are reduced.
Keywords: 'Benefit cost analysis, 'Value, 'Risks, Mor-
tality, Safety, Health, Programs, Surveys, Question-
naires, 'Health risks.
PB85-212397/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Behavioral and Morphological Changes, In Fat-
head Minnow 'Pimephales promelas' as Diagnos-
tic Endpolnts for Screening Chemicals According
to Mode of Action,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
R. A. Drummond, C. L. Russom, D. L. Geiger, and D. L.
DeFoe. Jun 85,38p EPA/600/D-85/118
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Univ.-Superi-
or. Center for Lake Superior Environmental Studies.
Acute (96 hr) bioassays were conducted using 30-day
old fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). A total of
139 tests were performed under flow-through condi-
tions at a temperature of 25 + or -1.0 C using Lake
Superior water. A checklist was developed for system-
atically recording visual observations of behavioral and
morphological changes. The checklist contained 40
different code items representing 10 general catego-
ries such as locomotor activity. Loss of schooling be-
havior appeared to be the most sensitive indicator of
general stress. Although deviate changes in behavior
were found to be sensitive indicators of stress, they
cannot be used solely to classify chemicals according
to mode of action. Gross morphological changes are
equally important. Development of a model, based on
behavioral and morphological data, appears possible
for screening and differentiating chemicals according
to toxic action.
Keywords; 'Minnows, 'Animal behavior, "Morphology,
'Chemical compounds, 'Toxicity, Classifications, Bio-
assay, Stress(Physiology), Indicator species, Tests,
Narcosis, Damage, Skin(Anatomy), Selection, Chem-
ists, Scientists, Fresh water fishes, "Pimephales pro-
melas.
PB85-212405/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Can Tissue Anomalies that Occur in Marine Fish
Implicate Specific Pollutant Chemicals,
Georgia Univ., Athens. Dept. of Microbiology.
J. S. Patton, and J. A. Couch. Jun 85, 30p EPA/600/D-
85/122
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The advantage of using tissue abnormalities in wild
fish as a measure of fish health is that the abnormality,
unlike sensitive biochemical anomalies, cannot be said
to have occurred during capture or transport. This
paper is concerned with factors (chemical, physical, or
biological) in polluted waters that cause pathology.
Keywords: "Abnormalities, "Tissues(Biology), "Marine
fishes, "Water pollution, Chemical compounds, Animal
diseases, Morphology, Pathology, Physical properties,
Substrates, Liver, Malignant neoplasms, Poisons, Bac-
teria, Skin(Anatomy), Papilloma virus, Cod, Flatfishes.
PB85-212413/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
National Air Pollution Background Network 1976-
1984: Final Project Report,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
G. F. Evans. May 85, 43p EPA/600/4-85/038
See also PB83-100412.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, in coop-
eration with the U.S. Forest Service, operated a net-
work of ozone monitoring stations from 1976 through
1983 in selected National Forests within the continen-
tal U.S. The primary objective of this project was to de-
termine the level of ozone concentrations occurring in
remote areas, especially in relation to the National Am-
bient Air Quality Standard for ozone. Secondary objec-
tives included the evaluation of regional differences,
the characterization of seasonal and diurnal patterns,
and the assessment of long-term trends for ozone
concentrations in remote areas. Annual mean ozone
concentrations were found to vary from site-to-site and
year-to-year within a range of 25 to 50 parts per billion
(ppb). Hourly ozone concentrations in excess of 120
ppb, the current level of the National Ambient Air Qual-
ity Standard, were occasionally observed. Such
events, however, were rare and generally confined to
the spring and summer months at sites in the eastern
half of the U.S. and during the first half of the study
period. No such events were observed after 1980.
Seasonal mean ozone concentrations were greatest
during the spring months (April through June) and diur-
nal maximums occurred most frequently during the
early afternoon (1-3 p.m.). While no statistically signifi-
cant trends were observed in mean ozone concentra-
tions, the frequency of exceedances of the National
Ambient Air Quality Standard decreased over the
course of the study.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Ozone, "Forests, "Monitors,
Assessments, National government, Sites, Sampling,
Standards, Concentration(Composition), Trends,
Graphs(Charts), Calibrating, Tables(Data), Regression
analysis, "Air quality, "Air pollution sampling, "National
Air Pollution Background Network.
PB85-213338/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Experimental Terrestrial Soil-Core Microcosm
Test Protocol. Final rept.,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
P. Van Voris. Jun 85, 79p EPA/600/3-85/047
Effective regulation, enforcement, and litigative action
by the United States Environmental Protection Agen-
cy's Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances are
predicated upon the evaluation of scientifically valid
and environmentally meaningful data on a chemical's
potential impact on the environment. Industry must
provide EPA with the results of tests designed to fore-
cast potential ecological effects and the probable envi-
ronmental fate of a candidate chemical substance
and/or mixture (i.e., test substance). To this end, EPA
has guidelines to allow effective comparison of results
used in the assessment process. For the data to be
comparable however, the test must be performed in
the same rigorous manner with only slight, yet docu-
mented variation allowed. Thus, protocols or standard
procedures for performing the tests must be docu-
mented for industry to ensure development of compa-
rable data bases. This protocol is one which could be
added to a series of tests recently developed as guide-
lines for Section 4 of the Toxic Substances Control
Act. The terrestrial soil-core microcosm is designed to
supply site-specific and possibly regional information
on the probable chemical fate and ecological effects
resulting from release of a chemical substance to a ter-
restrial ecosystem. The EPA will use the data resulting
from this test system to compare the potential hazards
of a chemical with others that have been previously
evaluated.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Soil analysis,
"Ecology, 'Environmental surveys, "Guidelines,
"Transport properties, "Environmental impacts, "Tox-
icity, Assessment, Chemical compounds, Comparison,
Forecasting, Experimental design, Pesticides, Regula-
tions, Law enforcement, "Microcosm, "Toxic sub-
stances control act, "Path of pollutant.
PB85-213379/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Methanol Dissociation: The Effects of Partial Dis-
sociation. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div,
W. B. Clemmens. Dec 84, 51 p EPA-AA-TSS-84-7
The report documents the work done in-house with
simulated partial dissociation of methanol with the
NAPS-Z methanol engine. EPA found that efficiency
improvements when using dissociated methanol came
from two sources. (1) The initial improvement came
from the ability to run at a given lean f/a ratio with less
cyclic variation and presumably fewer occurences of
lean misfire. (2) The second part of the efficiency im-
provement came from the change-of-state of the liquid
fuel to a dissociated fuel.
Keywords: "Methyl alcohol, "Dissociation, "Engines,
"Air pollution control, Fuels, Performance evaluation,
Thermal efficiency, Substitutes, Phase transformation,
"Alternate fuels, "Fuel-air ratio, NAPS-Z engines. Al-
cohol fuels.
PB85-213429/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Evaluation of Environmental Stress Imposed by a
Coal Ash Effluent: Wisconsin Power Plant Impact
Study,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Center for Limnology.
K. E. Webster, A. M. Forbes, and J. L. Magnuson. Jun
85, 66p EPA/600/3-85/045
Grant EPA-R-803971
Prepared in cooperation with Madison Gas and Elec-
tric Co., Wl., Wisconsin Public Service Corp., Green
Bay, and Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources, Madi-
son.
Effluent discharged from the coal ash settling basin of
the Columbia generating Station (Wisconsin) modified
water chemistry (increased trace metal concentra-
tions, suspended solids and dissolved materials) and
substrate quality (precipitation of chemical floe) in the
receiving stream, the ash pit drain. To test the hypoth-
esis that habitat avoidance could account for declines
in macroinvertebrate density observed after discharge
began, drift rates of two species were measured in lab-
oratory streams containing combinations of reference
and coal ash modified substrate and water. Contrary to
the hypothesis, drift was uniformly lower in laboratory
streams containing modified substrate and/or water
compared to the reference condition for Gammarus
pseudolimnaeus and Asellus racovitzai.
Keywords: *Fly ash, "Electric power plants, "Water
pollution, 'Invertebrates, Coal, Lagoons(Ponds), Sub-
strates, Abundance, Animal behavior, Metals, Chemi-
cal analysis. Trace elements, Sediments, "Habitats,
Species diversity, "Gammarus, "Asellus.
PB85-213585/HSU	PC E99
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1984,122p-in6v
Set includes PB85-213593 through PB85-213643.
No abstract available.
PB85-213S93/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1):
Charles George Site, Tyngsboro, Massachuetts,
December 1983. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
29 Dec 83, 14pEPA/ROD/R01-83/001
See also PB85-213601.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB85-
213585.
The Charles George Land Reclamation Trust Landfill
is a privately owned municipal and industrial waste
landfill, operating since 1967. The landfill accepted
and disposed of chemical waste between 1973 and
1975 under a hazardous waste disposal permit from
the Massachusetts DEQE. Leachate from the landfill
has contaminated nearby residential bedrock wells
which were shutdown July 31, 1982 by order of the
Massachusetts DEQE. In April 1983, the Charles
George Land Reclamation Trust filed for the protection
of the bankruptcy court. This is a National Priorities List
site. The selected remedial action is to extend an exist-
ing water supply system to the Cannongate Condomin-
ium and local private well users whose wells have
been found to be contaminated with volatile organic
chemicals from the Charles George site. An RI/FS is
being conducted to identify and evaluate remedial al-
ternatives to mitigate threats to public health, welfare
and the environment. Determination of future remedial
actions will be made upon completion of this work.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Charles George Site,
"Site surveys, Licenses, Public health, Water pollution,
Potable water, Solid waste disposal, Substitutes, Mas-
sachusetts, Leaching, Water supply, "Solid waste
management, "Superfund program, "EPA Region 1,
"Municipal wastes, "Land reclamation, "Environmen-
tal research, "Remedial actions,
Tyngsboro(Massachusetts) Liquid waste disposal,
Volatile organic compounds.
PB85-213601/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1):
Keefe Environmental Site, Epplng, New Hamp-
shire, November 1983 Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
15 Nov 83,12p EPA/ROD/R01 -83/002
See also PB85-213593 and PB85-213619.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB85-
213585.
The Keefe Environmental Services (KES) site is locat-
ed in a rural area in the Town of Epping, NH. The site is
located on approximately seventeen acres of wood-
land off the north side of Exeter Road. The site is locat-
ed in a State protected (Class A - no discharges above
background) watershed with wetland areas draining to
the Piscassic River. The Town of New Market has a
water supply intake on the Piscassic River seven miles
downstream from the site. The ground water aquifer is
used as a water supply for ten residences located
close by and is the major source of drinking water for
approximately 2,000 persons within a three-mile radius
of the site. The KES was designed and constructed as
a chemical waste storage ana bulking facility. The site
contains a 700,000 gallon open storage lagoon with a
100 mil. polyethylene liner. During its period of oper-
ation, KES received over one million gallons of hazard-
ous wastes including toluene, methanol, acetone,
MEK, glycols, waste oils, waste alcohols, styrene cya-
nide and heavy metals. KES was cited on several oc-
casions with health and safety violations before filing
for bankruptcy in January 1981. Remedial actions in-
cluded in the selected option are: removal of the con-
tents of the lagoon for disposal offsite at a RCRA-regu-
lated facility, and removal of the lagoon liner and adja-
cent highly contaminated soil for disposal at a RCRA-
regulated facility. Estimated capital costs for this
action are $500,000 with no estimated annual O&M
costs.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "Keefe site,
"Lagoons(Ponds), Sites, Licenses, Public health,
Water pollution, Leaching, Potable water, Piscassic
River, Solid waste disposal, Substitutes, New Hamp-
shire, Water supply, Watersheds, "Solid waste man-
agement, "Superfund program, "EPA Region, "Munici-
pal wastes, "Land reclamation, "Environmental re-
search, "Remedial actions, Liquid waste disposal,
Epping(New Hampshire).
PB85-213619/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1):
McKIn Site, Gray, Maine, July 1983. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
15 Jul 83,14pEPA/ROD/R01-83/003
See also PB85-213601 and PB85-213627.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB85-
213585.
The McKin site is located approximately 1.5 miles east
of Gray Center on the Mayall Road in Gray, Maine. The
site includes approximately 6 acres and is surrounded
by residences, the closest being within 200 feet. The
site lies in an abandoned sand and gravel pit and cur-
rently consists of a fenced enclosure, 21 tanks (12 of
Which are outside the fence), an incinerator, a con-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
crete block building, an asphalt lined lagoon and other
debris. In 1979, liquid wastes were removed from the
site, however, non-pumpable sludges were left on-site.
Most of the tank contents (33,500 gallons) and 165
fifty-five gallon drums of oil and chemical wastes were
removed under the supervision of the Main Depart-
ment of Environmental Protection. Air monitoring in
1982 showed high levels of volatile organics around
the tanks. Remaining materials in the tanks were found
to contain concentrations (up to 20%) of dichloroethy-
lene, freon, trichloroethylene and xylene. Selected ac-
tions for this Initial Remedial Measure (IRM) include:
on-site cleaning of the tanks, transport of empty tanks
off-site for salvage, and transport of liquids and
sludges off-site for disposal. Estimated capital cost for
this IRM is $47,000.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, 'McKin site,
Sites, Licenses, Public health. Water pollution, Potable
water, Sludge disposal, Tylenes, Air pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Substitutes, Maine, Lagoons(Ponds),
Incinerators, "Solid waste management, "Superfund
program, 'EPA Region 1, "Municipal wastes, "Land
reclamation, "Environmental research, "Remedial ac-
tions, Liquid waste disposal, Volatile organic com-
pound, Gray(Maine), Freons, Ethylene/trichloro.
PB85-213627/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1):
Re-Solve, Inc. Site, Massachusetts, July 1982.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1 Jul 82, 13p EPA/ROD/R01-82/004
See also PB85-213619 and PB85-213635.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB85-
213585.
The Re-Solve, Inc. site was used as a solvent reclama-
tion facility for approximately 24 years until operations
ceased in 1980. High concentrations of PCB's, volatile
organics and heavy metals have been measured.
These contaminants are migrating off-site via surface
runoff and ground water. The contaminated ground
water plume is migrating towards a recreational pond
which drains into a lake designated as a secondary
water supply for the City of Fall River. In addition, the
site is located over an aquifer which serves as a re-
charge area for a portion of the Town of North Dart-
mouth where a new municipal well is scheduled to be
installed. The cost-effective remedial action for this
site includes: removing contents of four unlined la-
goons, soil from 'hot spots', and soil from a former oil
spreading area for disposal off-site at a RCRA ap-
proved facility. Capping of the entire 6-acre site is also
included, The estimated capital cost for the selected
alternative is $3,050,000. Annual operation and main-
tenance costs were estimated to be $36,000.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "Re-Solve
Site, Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water pollution,
Metals, Operating costs, Leaching, Water supply, Cap-
italized costs, Solid waste disposal, Substitutes, Mas-
sachusetts, Ground water, Risk, "Solid waste manage-
ment, "Superfund program, *EPA Region 1, "Munici-
pal wastes, 'Land reclamation, "Environmental re-
search, "Remedial actions, Liquid waste disposal,
North Dartmouth(Massachusetts), Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls, Volatile organic compounds.
PBSS-213635/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1):
Sylvester Site, Nashua, New Hampshire (Initial Re-
medial Measure), July 1982. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
29 Jul 82, 32p EPA/ROD/R01-82/005
See also PB85-213627 and PB85-213643.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB85-
213585.
The Gibson Road hazardous waste dump site is locat-
ed in the City of Nashua, New Hampshire. The 6 acre
site has been used as a sand borrow pit for an undeter-
mined number of years. Some time during the late
1960's the operator of the pit began an unapproved
and illegal waste disposal operation. Household
refuse demolition materials, chemical sludges, and
approximately 800,000 gallons of hazardous liquid
chemicals were dumped at the site. The ground water,
air and to a lesser extent surface water have been con-
taminated. The selected cost-effective remedial action
includes the installation of a slurry wall around a 20-
acre area, an impervious cap, and treatment of the
364 Vol. 90, No. 24
ground water contained within the slurry wall. The
present worth cost for the life of the project is estimat-
ed to be $8,660,000.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Sylvester site, "Site sur-
veys, Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water pollution,
Air pollution, Cost analysis, Solid waste disposal, Sub-
stitutes, New Hampshire, Ground water, Surface
water, "Solid waste management, "Superfund pro-
gram, "EPA Region 1, "Municipal wastes, "Land recla-
mation, "Environmental research, "Remedial actions,
Liquid waste disposal, Nashua(New Hampshire),
Household wastes.
PB85-213643/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1):
Western Sand and Gravel Site, Burrillville, Rhode
Island, September 1984. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
28 Sep 84, 37p EPA/ROD/R01-84/006
See also PB85-213635.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB85-
213585.
This semi-rural site has been a sand and gravel mining
operation owned by Western Sand and Gravel, Inc.,
since 1953. In 1975 approximately 12 acres of the 20-
acre site were used for the disposal of 480,000 gallons
of liquid wastes, including chemicals and sewage
waste. These wastes were dumped into unlined la-
goons and seepage pits. Ground water contamination
has occurred at the site and a plume of contamination
is moving towards domestic wells adjacent to the site.
The selected cost-effective remedial alternative in-
cludes: the installation of a permanent alternate water
supply to service approximately 56 parcels of land, and
the installation of carbon canister filters as a temporary
abatement measure for 8 homes with contaminated
wells until the permanent water supply is functional.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "Western
sand and gravel site, Sites, Licenses, Public health,
Water pollution, Lagoons(Ponds), Sewage, Odors,
Rhode Island, Cost analysis, Solid waste disposal,
Substitutes, Water supply, Ground water, Regulations,
"Solid waste management, "Superfund program,
*EPA Region 1, "Municipal wastes, "Land reclama-
tion, "Environmental research, "Remedial actions,
Liquid waste disposal, Burrillville(Rhode Island).
PB85-213650/HSU	PC E99
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1984,398p-in11v
Set includes PB85-213668 through PB85-213767.
No abstract available.
PB85-213668/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Bridgeport Site, New Jersey, December 1984.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
31 Dec 84,60p EPA/ROD/R02-84/001
See also PB85-213676.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99, PB85-
213650.
This 30-acre site is located approximately one mile
east of the Town of Bridgeport and about two miles
south of the Delaware River. The site is an abandoned
waste oil storage and recovery facility which operated
from 1950 through the early 1970's. The site includes
a tank farm consisting of 90 tanks and process ves-
sels, drums, tank trucks and a 12.7 acre waste oil and
wastewater lagoon. The lagoon is divided into three
layers: an oily upper layer, an aqueous middle layer,
and bottom sludge/sediment deposits. Sampling of
these lagoon layers and the ground water reveal aver-
age PCB concentrations in excess of 500 ppm; organ-
ics, such as benzene, methylene chloride and toluene,
at concentrations up to 1,000 ppb; and acetone at
levels up to 70 ppm. The cost-effective remedial alter-
native selected for the first operable unit includes dis-
posal of oily waste and sediment/sludge via on-site in-
cineration; removal and disposal of contaminated
water via an on-site treatment system; drum excava-
tion and removal; maintenance pumping to prevent fur-
ther migration of the contaminated plume; complete
removal of tanks and waste; installation of a water
supply pipeline from an existing pump station; and a
second phase RI/FS to determine appropriate ground
water cleanup and lagoon closure remedies. The esti-
mated total project capital cost for this remedy is
$57,672,000 and the estimated 10-year operation and
maintenance costs for the water supply pipeline is
$20,000.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "Bridgeport
site, "Lagoons(Ponds), Sites, Licenses, Public health.
Water pollution, Incinerators, Sludge disposal, Sedi-
ments, Soils, Solid waste disposal, Substitutes, Cost
analysis, Delaware River, Ground water, Surface
water, Water wells, Storage tanks, Capitalized costs,
Acetone, New Jersey, Operating costs,
Drums(Containers), "Solid waste management, "Su-
perfund program, "EPA region 2, "Land reclamation,
"Environmental research, "Remedial actions, Liquid
waste disposal, Polychlorinated biphenyls,
Bridgeport(New Jersey), Benzene, Waste oils, Meth-
ane/chloro.
PB85-213676/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Burnt Fly Bog Site, New Jersey, November 1983.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
16 Nov 83,27p EPA/ROD/R02-83/002
See also PB85-213668 and PB85-213684.
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99, PB85-
213650.
The Burnt Fly Bog site is located in Marlboro Town-
ship, Monmouth County and Old Bridge Township,
Middlesex County, New Jersey. Between 1950 and
1956, the site had been used for lagoon storage and
settling of reprocessed oil, storage of filter clay from oil
reprocessing operations, sanitary landfilling, and sand
and gravel pit operations. During these operations,
hazardous substances were improperly disposed of re-
sulting in contamination throughout the 60-acre study
area. The selected remedial action for this site in-
cludes: excavation and disposal off-site liquids,
sludges, asphalt piles, drums, contaminated soil from
lagoons and wetlands, restore site contours and vege-
tation; monitor ground water for 5-year period. The ap-
proach is a three-phase action. Capital costs for the
selected alternative are estimated at $2,200,000 for
Phase I, $5,110,000 for Phase II and $60,000 per year
for operation and maintenance.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, 'Burnt Fly
Bog Site, Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water pollu-
tion, Surface water, Operating costs, Capitalized costs,
Soils, Solid waste disposal, Substitutes, Cost analysis,
New Jersey, Lagoons(Ponds), Ground water. Sol-
vents, Metals, Oils, 'Solid waste management, 'Su-
perfund program, *EPA region 2, "Land reclamation,
"Environmental research, "Remedial actions, Liquid
waste disposal, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Volatile or-
ganic compounds. Off-site disposal, Waste oils, Waste
recycling, Burnt Fly Bog(New Jersey).
PB85-213684/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Chemical Control Site, Elizabeth, New Jersey,
September 1983. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
19 Sep 83,8p EPA/ROD/R02-83/003
See also PB85-213676 and PB8-213692.
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99, PB85-
213650.
The Chemical Control site is located in the City of Eliz-
abeth in Union County, New Jersey. This site operated
as a hazardous waste storage, treatment and disposal
facility accepting various types of chemicals including
acids, arsenic bases, cyanides, flammable solvents.
PCBs, compressed bases, biological agents, and pes-
ticides, The cost-effective remedial action selected for
this site includes removal of gas cylinders, reconstruc-
tion of storm sewer catch basins and grates, cleaning
of the storm sewer system, construction of curbing and
decontamination of five box haulers and one vacuum
truck on-site. The hazardous materials generated by
these remedial actions will be transported off-site to a
RCRA approved disposal site. The estimated project
cost is $732,500.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
control site, Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water pollu-
tion, Biological agents, Pesticides, Organic solvents,
Solid waste disposal, Substitutes, Cost analysis, New
Jersey, Ground water, Soils, 'Solid waste manage-
ment, 'Superfund program, *EPA region 2, 'Land rec-
lamation, "Environmental research, "Remedial ac-
tions, Liquid waste disposal, Elizabeth CilyfNew
Jersey), Off-site disposal, Polychlorinated biphenyls.
PB85-213692/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Hudson River PCBs (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
Site, New York, September 1984. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
25 Sep 84, 48p EPA/ROD/R02-84/004
See also PB85-213684 and PB85-213700.Portions of
this document are not fully legible.
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99, PB85-
213650.
During a 30-year period ending in 1977, the Hudson
River was contaminated with polychlorinated biphen-
yls (PCBs) from two capacitor manufacturing plants
owned by the General Electric Company. Field surveys
have shown that PCB contamination is found in 40
submerged sediment hot spots, 5 exposed shoreline
remnant deposits, dredge spoils on the banks of the
upper Hudson River ana in estuary sediments. The re-
medial alternative selected for this site consists of in-
place containment of remnant shoreline deposits. This
temporary solution includes: covering affected areas
with an 18-inch thick layer of subsoil followed by a 6-
inch layer of topsoil, grading and seeding the cover to
minimize erosion and, if necessary, bank stabilization
to prevent scouring. An alternative to address sub-
merged PCB hot spots was not selected at this time
because of the lack of existing data to establish that
existing technology would be effective and reliable.
The State will conduct a dredging demonstration pro-
gram using funds from Section 116 of the Clean Water
Act. If adequate, the information from this demonstra-
tion project will be used to develop a remedial action
which will address both river sediments and the ex-
posed remnant deposits.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "Hudson
River PCBs site, Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water
pollution, State government, Rivers, Sediments, Solid
waste disposal, Substitutes, Cost analysis, Hudson
River, New York, Surface water, "Solid waste manage-
ment, "Superfund program, "EPA region 2, "Land rec-
lamation, "Environmental research, "Remedial ac-
tions, "Polychlorinated biphenyls, Liquid waste dispos-
al, Dredge spoil, Solid wastes, Fort Edward(New York),
Hudson Falls(New York).
PB85-213700/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Krysowaty Farm Site, Hillsborough, New Jersey,
June 1984. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
20 Jun 84, 48p EPA/ROD/R02-84/005
See also PB85-213692 and PB85-213718.Portions of
this document are not fully legible.
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99, PB85-
213650.
The Krysowaty farm is located on a 42-acre tract of
land in Hillsborough Township, New Jersey. The dis-
posal of chemical wastes at the site was reported to
have occurred between 1965 and 1970. An estimated
500 drums of paint and dye wastes were dumped,
crushed and buried at the site. In addition to drums,
other wastes including demolition debris, tires, auto-
mobiles, bulk waste, solvents, waste sludge and other
materials were disposed at the site. The cost-effective
remedial alternative selected for this site is excavation
and off-site disposal of contaminated soils and wastes
at a facility approved for PCBs and monitoring of exist-
ing on-site wells semi-annually for a period of 5 years.
A permanent alternative water supply will also be pro-
vided to potentially affected residences as part of the
remedial action. The capital cost for the selected alter-
native is $2,164,014 and the O&M costs for the
project, which include water usage cost (20 year
present worth) and post closure environmental moni-
toring, are $145,698.
Keywords: "Chemical removal(Water treatment),
"Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "Krysowaty Farm Site,
Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water pollution, Paints,
Soils, Operating costs, Capitalized costs, Solid waste
disposal, Substitutes, Cost analysis, New Jersey,
Water supply. Ground water, Dyes, Solvents, Paints,
Pesticides, "Solid waste management, "Superfund
program, "EPA region 2, "Land reclamation, "Munici-
pal wastes, 'Environmental research, "Remedial ac-
tions, Liquid waste disposal, Off-site disposal, Poly-
chlorinated biphenyls.
PB85-213718/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Lipari Landfill, New Jersey, August 1982. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
3 Aug 82,6p EPA/ROD/R02-82/006
See also PB85-213700 and PB85-213726.
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99, PB85-
213650.
The Lipari Landfill occupies approximately six acres in
the Township of Mantua, Gloucester County, New
Jersey. Between 1958 and 1971, the landfill has been
used for the disposal of household waste, liquid and
semi-solid chemical wastes, and other industrial mate-
rials, Best estimates indicate that approximately 3 mil-
lion gallons of liquid wastes have been disposed at the
site. Ground water and surface water contamination
has been the primary concern at the site. The selected
cost-effective alternative involves a 360 degrees cutoff
wall with a cap over a 16-acre area during the first op-
erable unit; the second operable unit will involve instal-
lation of ground water collection wells and treatment of
the ground water within the slurry wall. The total cost
for design and implementation of the cutoff wall and
cap in addition to further evaluation related to the col-
lection and treatment of leachate is estimated to be
$1,769,150.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "Lipari
Landfill Site, Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water pol-
lution, Soils, Toluene, Phenols, Surface water, Solid
waste disposal, Substitutes, Cost analysis, New
Jersey, Households, Ground water, "Solid waste man-
agement, "Superfund program, "EPA region 2, "Land
reclamation, "Municipal wastes, "Environmental re-
search, "Remedial actions, Liquid waste disposal,
Methane/chloro, Benzene, Pitman(New Jersey).
PB85-213726/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Lone Pine Landfill, Freehold, New Jersey, Sep-
tember 1984. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
24 Sep 84, 62p EPA/ROD/R02-84/007
See also PB85-213718 and PB85-213734.
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99, PB85-
213650.
The 45-acre Lone Pine Landfill is situated on a 144-
acre wooded parcel owned by the Lone Pine Corpora-
tion in Freehold Township, Monmouth County, New
Jersey. The landfill is approximately 500 feet south of
the headwaters of the Manasquan River and 1,000
feet south of the Turkey Swamp Fish and Wildlife Man-
agement area. The Lone Pine Landfill operated from
1959 until 1979 when it was ordered closed by the
New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection.
While it was open, wastes accepted at the landfill in-
cluded municipal refuse and septage wastes, at least
17,000 drums and several million gallons of bulk liquid
chemicals. The major class of contaminants being re-
leased from the landfill are volatile organic com-
pounds, notably benzene, chlorobenzene, methyl
chloride, toluene and vinyl chloride. The cost-effective
remedial alternative which was selected for this site in-
cludes installation of a slurry wall, approximately 30
feet through the Vincentown aquifer; a multi-layer sur-
face seal over the 45-acre landfill; installation of
ground water collection wells located within the con-
tained zone; treatment of ground water collected from
within the contained zone; and monitoring to deter-
mine the effectiveness of the remedy. The estimated
present worth capital cost for this remedy is
$10,642,050 and the annual O&M costs are $324,734.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "Long Pine
Landfill site, Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water pol-
lution, Pesticides, Resins, Solvents, Soils, Solid waste
disposal, Substitutes, Cost analysis,
Drums(Containers), Ground water, Surface water,
Metals, New Jersey, Capitalized costs, Operating
costs, "Solid waste management, "Superfund pro-
gram, "EPA region 2, "Land reclamation, "Municipal
wastes, "Environmental research, "Remedial actions,
Liquid waste disposal, Volatile organic compounds,
Monmouth County(New Jersey).
PB85-213734/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
PAS (Pollution Abatement Services) Oswego Site,
New York, June 1984. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
6 Jun 84, 32p EPA/ROD/R02-84/008
See also PB85-213726 and PB85-213742.
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99, PB85-
213650.
The Pollution Abatement Services (PAS) site, which is
located in the City of Oswego, NY, was used as a
chemical waste storage and processing facility. The
site is bounded on the east, north, and west by wet-
lands from two stream channels. Just to the north of
PAS the two streams converge and flow into Lake On-
tario. The soil and ground water are contaminated with
waste acids and alkalis, PCB-contaminated solids and
liquids, halogenated organics, organic resins, and
heavy metal-laden wastewater. The cost-effective re-
medial alternative includes: limited excavation and re-
moval of contaminated soil, subsurface tanks, and
drums to a RCRA approved landfill; construction of a
perimeter slurry wall; site grading and capping in ac-
cordance with RCRA Part 264; ground water recovery;
leachate collection; on-site ground water and leachate
treatment; and ground water monitoring in accordance
with RCRA Part 264. The capital cost for the selected
alternative is $1,363,700 and the annual O&M cost is
$117,000.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "Pollution
abatement services site, Sites, Licenses, Public
health, Water pollution, Wetlands, Sediments, Rivers,
Soils, Solid waste disposal, Substitutes, Cost analysis,
New York, Drums(Containers), Ground water, Acids,
Leaching, Capitalized costs, Alkalides, Halogen organ-
ic compounds, "Solid waste management, "Superfund
program, "EPA region 2, "Land reclamation, "Environ-
mental research, Remedial actions, Liquid waste dis-
posal, Oswego(New York), Heavy metals, Polychlori-
nated biphenyls.
PB85-213742/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Pijak Farm Site, New Jersey, September 1984.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 84, 43p EPA/ROD/R02-84/009
See also PB85-213734 and PB85-213759.Portions of
this document are not fully legible.
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99, PB85-
213650.
The Pijak Farm is located approximately two miles
northeast of the Town of New Egypt in Plumsted
Township, Ocean County, New Jersey. The site is ap-
proximately 87 acres and is relatively flat with portions
that drop off into a marshy, wooded flood plain. Be-
tween 1963 and 1970, drums and free-flowing liquids
from a facility disposing of specialty and research
chemicals were dumped into a natural ditch which tra-
versed the site and were later covered with soil. The
deteriorated remains of drums are visible along the
edge of the flood plain. Contaminants found at the site
include: halogenated hydrocarbons, PCBs, phenolic
compounds and oil sludges. The principle contami-
nants found onsite are not priority pollutants. The cost-
effective remedial alternative selected for this site in-
cludes: removal and off-site disposal of all drums and
lab packs to a RCRA facility; excavation and off-site
disposal of visibly contaminated soil to a RCRA facility;
pumping and removal of contaminated ground water,
as necessary, during excavation; monitoring on-site
wells, annually, for a five year period and sediment
control during excavation and sampling efforts. The
capital cost for the selected alternative is estimated to
be $1,962,750 and the five-year O&M ground water
monitoring costs are estimated to be $53,600.
Keywords:o*Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "Pijak Farm
Site, Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water pollution,
Ground water, Metals, Pesticides, Halogen organic
compounds, Solid waste disposal, Substitutes, Cost
analysis, New Jersey, Phenols, Oils, Capitalized costs,
Operating costs, Soils, Sediments, Streams, "Solid
waste management, "Superfund program, "EPA
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
region 2, 'Land reclamation, "Municipal wastes, 'Envi-
ronmental research, "Remedial actions, Liquid waste
disposal, Ocean CountyfNew Jersey), Polychlorinated
biphenyls, Off-site disposal, Volatile organic com-
pounds.
PB85-213759/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Price Landfill, Egg Harbor City, New Jersey, Sep-
tember 1983. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
20 Sep 83,18p EPA/ROD/R02-83/010
See also PB85-213742 and PB85-213767.Portions of
this document are not fully legible.
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99, PB85-
213650.
The Price Landfill site is located in Egg Harbor Town-
ship, New Jersey. It was originally a sand and gravel
excavation operation which closed in 1968. Starting in
May 1971, the Price landfilling operation began to
accept a combination of both drummed and bulk liquid
wastes. Initial listings of wastes consisted of industrial
chemicals, sludges, oil, grease, septic tank grease,
and sewer wastes. It is estimated that 9.1 million gal-
lons of chemical waste were disposed of at the site.
The cost-effective remedial action for this site in-
cludes: replacement and relocation of the Atlantic City
Municipal Utilities Authority water supply well field and
transmission facilities and additional analysis of plume
management, source control and treatment remedies.
The capital cost for the selected alternative is estimat-
ed to be $5,070,000.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "Price land-
fill site, Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water pollution,
Water supply, Sewers, Greases, Oils, Substitutes, Cost
analysis, New Jersey, Ground water, Soils, Aquifers,
Capitalized costs, "Solid waste management, "Super-
fund program, "EPA region 2, "Land reclamation, "Mu-
nicipal wastes, "Environmental research, "Remedial
actions, Liquid waste disposal. Egg Harbor
T ownship(New Jersey).
PB85-213767/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Spence Farm Site, New Jersey, September 1984.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 84, 45p EPA/ROD/R02-84/011
See also PB85-213759.
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99, PB85-
213650.
The Spence Farm is located approximately 1.5 miles
northeast of the Town of New Egypt in Plumsted
Township, Ocean County, New Jersey. The total area
investigated is approximately 83 acres, of which 30
acres are stream valleys and swamp lands. Waste dis-
posal occurred at scattered locations throughout a 20
acre low-lying wooded area adjacent to two adjoining
tributaries to Crosswicks Creek. Dumping of hazard-
ous wastes in drums, bulk and free-flowing liquid form
occurred during 1961 to 1967. Contaminants found at
the site included organic and inorganic compounds.
The organic compounds found onsite are specialty
and research chemicals and are not priority pollutants.
The cost-effective remedial alternative selected for
this site includes: removal and off-site disposal of all
drums and lab packs to a RCRA facility; excavation
and off-site disposal f visibly contaminated soil to a
RCRA facility; sediment control during excavation and
sampling efforts, and monitoring of on-site wells, annu-
ally for a five year period. Capital cost for the selected
alternative is estimated to be $845,500 and the five-
year O&M ground water monitoring costs are estimat-
ed to be $95,300.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "Spence
Farm site, Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water pollu-
tion Drums(Containers), Chromium, Arsenic, Zinc,
Substitutes, Cost analysis, Capitalized costs. Solvents,
Mercury(Metal), Water wells, Ground water, "Solid
waste management, "Superfund program, EPA
reqion2 "Land reclamation, "Municipal wastes, Envi-
ronmental research, "Remedial actions, Liquid waste
disposal, Off-site disposal, Ocean County(New
Jersey).
PB85-213775/HSU	PC E99
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1984, 227p-in 9v
Set includes PB85-213783 through PB85-213866.
No abstract available.
PB85-213783/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Bruin Lagoon Site, Pennsylvania, June 1984. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
2 Jun 84, 11 p EPA/ROD/R03-84/001
See also PB85-213791.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E99, PB85-
213775.
The Bruin Lagoon site occupies over four acres in
Bruin Borough, Butler County, Pennsylvania. The focal
point of the site is the one acre, earthen diked lagoon
containing approximately 35,000 cubic yards of as-
phaltic sludge and 130,000 gallons of acidic liquid su-
pernatant which was used for disposal for over 40
years. In addition to sludge and supernatant, the site
contains about 40,000 cubic yards of covered lagoon
material, 13,000 cubic yards of contaminated dike soil,
and 2,000 cubic yards of contaminated surface soil
from the scrap tankage area. Waste materials consists
of white oil production wastes, residue from motor oil-
refining, coal fines and fly ash. The cost-effective re-
medial action involves removal and off-site disposal of
the supernatant, physical stabilization of lagoons, ef-
fluent pond cleanup, construction of a ground water di-
version channel, and stabilization of the dike. The total
estimated capital cost is $1,456,000 and O&M costs
are estimated at $60,000 over 30 years.
Keywords: "Lagoons(Ponds), "Industrial wastes,
"Hazardous materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys,
"Bruin Lagoon Site, Sites, Licenses, Public health,
Water pollution, Capitalized costs, Soils, Stability,
Earth fills, Solid waste disposal, Substitutes, Cost anal-
ysis, Pennsylvania, Ground water, Surface water, Fly
ash. Fines, Petroleum wastes, "Solid waste manage-
ment, "Superfund program, "EPA region 3, "Land rec-
lamation, "Environmental research, "Remedial ac-
tions, Liquid waste disposal, Bruin
Borough(Pennsylvania), Off-site disposal, Waste oils.
PB85-213791/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Drake Chemical Site, Lock Haven, Pennsylvania,
September 1984. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 84,41p EPA/ROD/R03-84/002
See also PB85-213783 and PB85-213809.Portions of
this document are not fully legible.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E99, PB85-
213775.
Drake Chemical, Inc. purchased the eight acre Drake
Chemical site in Lock Haven, PA, in 1962. The site in-
cludes several buildings, two lined waste water treat-
ment lagoons, an unlined sludge lagoon and an un-
lined liquid lagoon. The company manufactured small
batches of intermediate chemicals for producers of
dyes, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, textiles and pesti-
cides. The herbicide Fenac was also manufactured at
the plant and is a major site contaminant. In order to
expedite the remediation of the leachate stream a
phased approach to site clean-up has been devel-
oped. The first phase or operable unit addresses the
leachate stream which originates from the unlined la-
goons, passes through a culvert, and into Bald Eagle
Creek. The cost-effective remedial alternative select-
ed for this site includes: covering of the upper reach of
the leachate stream with natural soils, capping with
clay and grading contours of surrounding land for sur-
face water management; partial excavation of con-
taminated sediments and construction of a conduit
drain in the lower reach of the leachate stream; instal-
lation of a granular drain at the toe of the railroad em-
bankment; and temporary disposal of excavated sedi-
ments in the storage facility constructed on-site. The
capital costs of the recommended stream remediation
alternative is estimated to be $445,311. O&M for this
operable unit consist of a visual inspection of the area
on a semi-annual basis for 30 years. The total O&M
costs are estimated to be $9,427.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "Drake
chemical site, "Lagoons(Ponds), Sites, Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution, Soils, Surface water,
Operating costs, Capitalized costs, Solid waste dispos-
al, Substitutes, Cost analysis, Chemical industry,
Ground water, Streams, Sediments, Leaching, Pesti-
cides, Dyes, Drugs, Textiles, Pennsylvania,
Drums(Containers), "Solid waste management, "Su-
perfund program, "EPA region 3, "Land reclamation,
"Environmental research, "Remedial actions, Liquid
waste disposal, Lock Haven(Pennsylvania), Cosmet-
ics.
PB85-213809/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Enterprise Avenue Site, Philadelphia, Pennsylva-
nia, May 1984. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
10 May 84,30p EPA/ROD/R03-84/003
See also PB85-213791 and PB85-213817.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E99, PB85-
213775.
The Enterprise Avenue site is located within the City of
Philadelphia. It encompasses approximately 57 acres
and is situated within the 100-year flood plain of the
Delaware River. It has been determined that the site is
contaminated with industrial and chemical wastes from
the unauthorized disposal of approximately 5,000 to
15,000 drums containing paint sludges, solvents, oils,
resins, metal finishing wastes, and solid inorganic
wastes. The off-site disposal alternative was selected
as the most cost-effective remedial action. This alter-
native includes: resampling and analyzing the stock-
piled soils in 100-cubic-yard lots for key indicator pa-
rameters; on-site containment of soils which do not
exceed key indicator limits; off-site disposal at a RCRA
approved facility of soils which exceed parameter
limits; grading, completion of clay cap and cover, and
site vegetation. The capital cost for the selected alter-
native is estimated to be $4,324,000 and annual O&M
costs are $4,200.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "Enterprise
Avenue site. Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water pol-
lution, Chemical compounds. Paints, Metal finishing,
Oils, Solid waste disposal, Substitutes, Cost analysis,
Pennsylvania, Drums(Containers), Solvents, Capital-
ized costs, Metals, Soils, Delaware River, Surface
water, Operating costs, "Solid waste management,
"Superfund program, "EPA region 3, "Land reclama-
tion, "Municipal wastes, "Environmental research,
"Remedial actions, Liquid waste disposal,
Philadelphia(Pennsylvania), Off-site disposal.
PB85-213817/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Fischer and Porter Site, Warminster, Pennsylva-
nia, May 1984. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
4 May 84,16p EPA/ROD/R03-84/004
See also PB85-213809 and PB85-213825.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E99, PB85-
213775.
The Fischer & Porter Company, Inc. has operated at
the same location since 1947 manufacturing water
flow and industrial process control equipment. Trich-
loroethylene (TCE) was used as a degreaser in the
manufacturing process. TCE and perchloroethylene
(PCE) have oeen identified in the industrial water
supply wells on-site and in municipal water supply
wells of nearby towns. The selected on-site remedial
measure includes: facility improvements to prevent
future releases of TCE and PCE; pumping wells and
packed column aeration to reduce 9ffluent levels of
TCE and PCE and discharge of treated effluent to a
surface water source according to state stream dis-
charge requirements. Treatment of contaminated mu-
nicipal wells by packed column aeration towers, to
reduce TCE and PCE to the 10 to the -6th power risk
level, was also selected as a cost-effective remedial
action.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "Fischer
and Porter Site, Sites, Licenses, Public health. Water
pollution, Degreasers, Risk, Ground water, Water
wells, Solid waste disposal, Substitutes, Cost analysis
Pennsylvania, Surface water, Water supply, Potable
water, "Solid waste management, "Superfund pro-
gram, "EPA region 3, "Land reclamation, "Municipal
wastes, "Environmental research, "Remedial actions
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Liquid waste disposal, Warminster(Pennsylvania), Eth-
ylene/trichloro, Ethylene/perchloro.
PB85-213825/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Lehigh Electric Site, Old Forge, Pennsylvania,
February 1983. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
11 Feb 83, 39p EPA/ROD/R03-83/005
See also PB85-213817 and PB85-213833.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E99, PB85-
213775.
The LeHigh Electric and Engineering Company site is
located in Old Forge, Pennsylvania and encompasses
approximately 6.4 acres of property adjacent to the
Lackawanna River. Since the early 1960's the site has
been used by LeHigh Electric as an electrical equip-
ment repair and storage yard. The hazardous condi-
tions at the site were created by indiscriminate han-
dling and disposal of PCBs. The site investigation
found that PCBs are concentrated in the surface soil
layers from undetectable to 110,000 ppm. The cost-ef-
fective remedial action selected for the site includes
excavation and off-site disposal of soils with a PCB
concentration of 50 ppm or greater; additional soil ex-
cavation and removal where cost-effective; demolition
of the buildings on-site; backfilling, grading, and vege-
tating of the site to minimize erosion and to control per-
colation and run-off. The estimated capital cost for this
remedial action is $6,401,000 and monitoring and
maintenance costs for the site over a 30-year period is
$46,000.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, "Lehigh
electric site, Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water pol-
lution, Solid waste disposal. Substitutes. Cost analysis.
Pennsylvania, Soils, Capitalized costs, "Solid waste
management, 'Superfund program, *EPA region 3,
"Land reclamation, "Municipal wastes, "Environmen-
tal research, "Remedial actions, Liquid waste disposal,
Old Forge(Pennsylvania), Polychlorinated biphenyls,
Off-site disposal.
PB85-213833/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
McAdoo Site, Pennsylvania (Initial Remedial
Measure), February 1983. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
11 Feb 83,8p EPA/ROD/R03-84/006
See also PB85-213825 and PB85-213841.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E99, PB85-
213775.
The site, which is approximately one-quarter acre in
size, was used originally for storage of heating oil and
gasoline. The site was purchased in 1972 by a waste
disposal lirm that used the underground tanks to store
a variety of liquid and hazardous wastes. EPA analysis
of the tank contents identified a wide variety of organic
and inorganic chemicals, including benzene, methyl-
ene chloride, toluene, arsenic, chromium, and nickel.
The cost-effective initial remedial measures (IRM) se-
lected for this site include cleaning and removal of un-
derground waste storage tanks and excavating and
off-site disposal visibly contaminated soil. Additional
soil analyses will be performed to determine if further
site action is necessary. The estimated cost for this
IRM is approximately $114,500.
Keywords: "Storage tanks, "Industrial wastes, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys,
'McAdoo site, Sites, Licenses. Public health. Water
pollution, Arsenic, Toluene, Leakage, Organic sol-
vents. Solid waste disposal, Substitutes, Cost analysis.
Ground water, Pennsylvania, Soils, Chromium, Nickel,
Chloromethanes, 'Solid waste management, "Super-
fund program, "EPA region 3, 'Land reclamation, "Mu-
nicipal wastes, "Environmental research, "Remedial
actions. Liquid waste disposal, Benzene, Off-site dis-
posal, McAdoo(Pennsylvania).
PB85-213841/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Matthews Electroplating Site, Virginia, June 1983.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
2 Jun 83,15p EPA/ROD/R03-83/007
See also PB85-213833 and PB85-213858.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E99, PB85-
213775.
The 1.7 acre Matthews Electroplating site is located in
Roanoke County, Virginia, approximately two miles
west of Salem. Between 1972 and 1976, two buildings
on the site housed an automobile bumper electroplat-
ing operation. Groundwater sampling has confirmed
that a well at the plant was heavily contaminated with
hexavalent chromium. The off-site ground water inves-
tigation revealed that 10 local residential wells also
had chromium contamination. The cost-effective
remedy selected for this site is to provide municipal
water service to the affected neighborhood. The cap-
ital cost of this alternative is estimated to be $662,000
and the present worth of operating and maintenance
costs for thirty years was estimated at $292,000.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, 'Matthews
electroplating site, Sites, Licenses, Public health,
Water pollution, Water supply, Operating costs, Cap-
italized costs, Water wells, Solid waste disposal, Sub-
stitutes, Cost analysis, Ground water, Soils, Chromium,
Sampling, Potable water, Virginia, 'Solid waste man-
agement, 'Superfund program, *EPA region 3, 'Land
reclamation, 'Municipal wastes, "Environmental re-
search, "Remedial actions, Liquid waste disposal, Ro-
anoke County(Virginia).
PB85-213858/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Tysons Dump Site, Pennsylvania, December 1984.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
21 Dec 84, 36p EPA/ROD/R03-84/008
See also PB85-213841 and PB85-213866.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E99, PB85-
213775.
The Tyson's Dump site is located in southeastern
Pennsylvania, approximately 15 miles northwest of
Philadelphia. The dump is an abandoned septic and
chemical waste disposal site which operated from
1960-1968. Unlined lagoons were filled with wastes
and covered, and new lagoons were created. Major
contaminants found at the site were volatile organic
compounds, primarily xylenes, toluenes, and 1,2,3-
trichloropropane. In addition, chlorinated benzene
compounds were also detected. The cost-effective re-
medial alternative selected for this site includes exca-
vation and off-site disposal of contaminated soils and
wastes; upgrading of the existing air-stripping facility to
treat leachate, shallow ground water, and surface run-
on; and excavation and off-site disposal of contaminat-
ed sediments within the tributary which receives efflu-
ent from the existing air-stripping facility. The estimat-
ed capital cost for the selected alternative is
$5,718,000 and operation and maintenance costs for
five years are estimated to be $351,000.
Keywords: "Lagoons(Ponds), "Earth fills, 'Industrial
wastes, "Hazardous materials, "Waste disposal, "Site
surveys, "Tysons dump site, Sites, Licenses, Public
health, Water pollution, Operating costs, Capitalized
costs, Sediments, Ground water, Solid waste disposal,
Substitutes, Cost analysis, Xylenes, Toluenes, Surface
water, Chlorobenzenes, Streams, Pennsylvania, 'Solid
waste management, "Superfund program, "EPA
region 3, 'Land reclamation, 'Municipal wastes, "Envi-
ronmental research, 'Remedial actions, Liquid waste
disposal, Propane/trichloro, Air stripping, Volatile or-
ganic compounds, Philadelphia(Pennsylvania), Off-site
disposal.
PB85-213888/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Wade Site (ABM), Chester, Pennsylvania, August
1984. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Aug 84,31 p EPA/ROD/R03-84/009
See also PB85-213858.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E99, PB85-
213775.
The Wade site is a three acre parcel of land on the
banks of the Delaware River. It is located nine miles
south of Philadelphia in Chester, Pennsylvania. From
approximately 1950 until the early 1970's the site was
the location of a rubber recycling facility which shred-
ded tires and other post-consumer rubber products.
During the early 1970's the site was converted to an il-
legal industrial waste storage and disposal facility.
Drums of waste were emptied either directly onto the
ground or into trenches, severely contaminating soil
and the ground water. Approximately 150,000 gallons
of waste chemicals remain on-site. The recommended
alternative selected for this site consists of: removal,
decontamination and disposal of on-site tires and
tankers, removal of on-site waste piles; demolishing
buildings, leveling the site, and filling and grading the
property up to 12 inches over the existing grade to
cover any protruding subsurface structures which have
not been removed; removal down to the depth at
which the first acceptably contaminated sample was
found (based on a contamination cutoff level recom-
mended by the RI/FS contractor); and covering the
site with top-soil and seeding the cap to minimize ero-
sion.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, 'Wade site.
Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water pollution, Metals,
Air pollution, Soils, Ground water, Solid waste dispos-
al, Substitutes, Cost analysis, Pennsylvania, Delaware
River, Elastomers, Organic compounds,
Drums(Containers), Excavation, 'Solid waste manage-
ment, 'Superfund program, "EPA region 3, 'Land rec-
lamation, 'Environmental research, 'Remedial ac-
tions, "Rubber recycling, Liquid waste disposal,
Chester(Pennsylvania), Waste recycling. Consumer
products.
PB85-213874/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
Miami Drum Services Site, Florida, September
1982. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
13 Sep 82, 9p EPA/ROD/R04-82/001
The Miami Drum Services site is a one acre inactive
drum recycling facility located in Dade County, Florida.
The soils on site were contaminated by phenols, heavy
metals, oil and grease, pesticides, and other materials
from the drum cleaning operation, A plume of undeter-
mined composition has been identified in the ground-
water underlying the area, which has a high (one to
three feet) water table. A 1981 suit, filed by Dade
County against MDS. Inc., seeks injunctive relief, re-
covery of all funds spent for site cleanup, compensato-
ry damages for harm to natural resources, and punitive
damages. The cost-effective remedial alternatives se-
lected for this site includes: soil excavation to the
extent dictated by engineering and scientific judgment,
and transportation and off-site disposal of contaminat-
ed soils, as the First Operable Unit. The Second Oper-
able Unit will address the groundwater contamination
plume through a cooperative agreement work plan to
conduct an RI/FS. The capital cost for the selected al-
ternative was estimated to be $1,568,660.09.
Keywords: "Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, "Site surveys, 'Miami
drum sen/ices site, Drums(Containers), Sites, Li-
censes, Public health, Water pollution, Solvents, Pesti-
cides, Phenols, Capitalized costs, Ground water, Solid
waste disposal. Substitutes, Florida, Cost analysis,
Soils, 'Solid waste management, 'Superfund pro-
gram, *EPA Region 4, "Municipal wastes, 'Land recla-
mation, "Environmental research, "Remedial actions,
Liquid waste disposal, Dade County(Florida), Heavy
metals.
PB85-213882/HSU	PC E99
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1984,283p-in9v
Set includes PB85-213890 through PB85-213973.
No abstract available.
PB85-213890/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5): A
and F Materials, Greenup Site, Illinois (Initial Re-
medial Measure), November 1983. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
23 Nov 83,16p EPA/ROD/R05-83/001
See also PB85-213908.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E99, PB85-
213882.
The site, a defunct waste solvent reclaiming/process-
ing facility, is located on three and three-quarters
acres of land in Greenup, IL, and includes thirteen
steel storage tanks containing mixtures of waste oils
contaminated with PCBs and organics, sludges, spent
caustics, spent acids, contaminated water and waste
products. The tanks have a history of failure, creating a
significant threat of hazardous substance release. In
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
addition, the site includes four storage lagoons of con-
taminated sludge and soil which have a history of over-
flow problems. The site is underlain by ten feet of silty
material with a high permeability; beneath this silt layer
lies a sand and gravel aquifer which has been contami-
nated. The site has a pronounced slope toward a river,
is in a flood plain, and includes porous soil and high
ground water table. The cost-effective Initial Remedial
Measure (IRM) selected for this site includes: off-site
transportation and disposal of all contaminated bulk
liquids, oils and drums at a RCRA-approved facility.
Additional actions will include a cooperative agree-
ment to conduct an RI/FS for soils, sludges and
ground water contamination, and the preparation of
another ROD to address remedial actions necessary
to mitigate problems caused by the remaining contami-
nants. The capital cost of the IRM is estimated to be
$111,100.
Keywords: "Storage tanks, "Earth fills, "Industrial
wastes, "Hazardous materials, "Waste disposal, "Site
surveys, "Greenup site, 'Drums(Containers), Sites, Li-
censes, Public health, Water pollution, Solid waste dis-
posal, Substitutes, Cost analysis, Ground water, Cap-
italized costs, Illinois, Metals, Sludges, Soils, Solvents,
Acids, "Solid waste management, "Superfund pro-
gram, "EPA region 5, "Land reclamation, "Environ-
mental research, "Remedial actions, Liquid waste dis-
posal, Hazardous materials spills, Greenup(lllinois),
Waste oils, Polychlorinated biphenyls.
PB85-213908/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Charlevoix Site, Michigan (Initial Remedial Meas-
ure), June 1984. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
12 Jun 84, 36p EPA/ROD/R05-84/002
See also PB85-213890 and PB85-213916.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E99, PB85-
213882.
The site involves the city's single municipal well which
supplies both the year-round and summer tourist popu-
lations. The well flumes collect ground water and lake
water which are channeled into the system. Levels of
TCE and PCE were detected in 1981, and have been
gradually rising. Data available indicate that multiple
sources of contamination are likely of historical origin
at varying distances form the well. The cost-effective
Initial Remedial Measure (IRM) selected for this site in-
cludes: provide a safe permanent drinking water
supply through conventional treatment of water from
Lake Michigan, and to conduct an RI/FS to evaluate
potential sources of contamination and the hydraulic
characteristics of the aquifer. This IRM represents the
First Operable Unit. The capital cost for the IRM was
estimated to be $1,954,000, with the O&M costs of
$118,000.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Hazardous materials, "Waste
disposal, "Site surveys, "Charlevoix site, Sites, Li-
censes, Public health, Water pollution, Lake Michigan,
Solid waste disposal, Substitutes, Cost analysis, Michi-
gan, Water wells, Ground water, Lakes, Capitalized
costs, Solvents, Potable water, Aquifers, "Solid waste
management, "Superfund program, "EPA region 5,
"Land reclamation, "Municipal wastes, "Environmen-
tal research, "Remedial actions, Liquid waste disposal,
Charlevoix County(Michigan), Ethylene/trichloro, Eth-
ylene/perchloro, Volatile organic compounds.
PB85-213916/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Berlin and Farro Site, Swartz Creek, Michigan,
February 1984. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
29 Feb 84, 34p EPA/ROD/R05-84/003
See also PB85-213908 and PB85-213924.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E99f PB85-
213882.
The Berlin and Farro Liquid Incineration site occupies
40 acres approximately 3.5 miles south of the City of
Swartz Creek, Michigan. A liquid waste incinerator was
operated at the site from 1971 until the late 1970's,
during which time liquid wastes were incinerated,
stored in open lagoons and underground tanks and
poured into agricultural drains. Solid wastes, contained
primarily in crushed drums, were buried in various on-
site locations. The selected alternative to mitigate the
uncontrolled hazardous waste problem at the Berlin
and Farro site involves four areas. They are: excava-
tion of the existing drum landfill and disposal of sludge,
crushed drums, liquid wastes and visibly contaminated
368 Vol. 90, No. 24
soil at a RCRA facility; solids to be landfilled and liquids
to be incinerated. Also, excavation of the paint sludge
trench and disposal of sludges and visibly contaminat-
ed soil at a RCRA facility. Also, excavation of the agri-
cultural drains leaving the site and miscellaneous
areas of visible contamination, and disposal of wastes,
sludge and visibly contaminated soil at a RCRA facility.
Supplemental sampling will be performed to determine
if waste has migrated below visibly contaminated
areas.
Keywords: "Drums(Containers), "Earth fills, "Industrial
wastes, "Hazardous materials, "Waste disposal, "Site
surveys, "Berlin and Farro Site, Sites, Licenses, Public
health, Water pollution, Air pollution, Surface water,
Soils, Transport properties, Substitutes, Cost analysis,
Incinerators, Lagoons(Ponds), Solid waste disposal,
Sludges, Paints, Michigan, "Solid waste management,
"Superfund program, "EPA region 5, "Land reclama-
tion, "Municipal wastes, "Environmental research,
"Remedial actions, Liquid waste disposal, Swartz
Creek(Michigan), Polychlorinated biphenyls.
PB85-213924/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Laskin Poplar Oil Site, Jefferson, Ohio, August
1984. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
9 Aug 84, 25p EPA/ROD/R05-84/004
See also PB85-213916 and PB85-213932.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E99, PB85-
213882.
The Laskin Poplar Oil site includes several storage
tanks and retention ponds of waste oils, on about 9
acres in northeastern Ohio, Ashtabula County. The
waste oils contain PCBs, phenols, PAHS, sludges and
other organics, and both soils and surface waters have
become contaminated. The site has been involved in
mudslides and flooding, and runoff and seepage into
Cemetery Creek pose the most obvious and immedi-
ate threat of environmental contamination. The cost-
effective remedial alternative for this site includes: off-
site incineration of contaminated water and waste oil
above and below 50 ppm PCB, using established tech-
nology. The capital cost for the selected alternative
was estimated to be $1,043,000; no O&M activities
were required for this Final Action.
Keywords: "Storage tanks, "Lagoons(Ponds), "Indus-
trial wastes, "Hazardous materials, "Waste disposal,
"Site surveys, "Laskin poplar oil site, Sites, Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution, Waste waters, Inciner-
ators, Capitalized costs, Solid waste disposal, Substi-
tutes, Cost analysis, Ohio, Surface water, Soils, "Solid
waste management, "Superfund program, "EPA
region 5, "Land reclamation, "Municipal wastes, "Envi-
ronmental research, "Remedial actions, Liquid waste
disposal, Waste oils, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Ashta-
bula County(Ohio).
PB85-213932/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
New Brighton Site, Minnesota (Interim Water
Treatment), June 1983. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
24 Jun 83, 20p EPA/ROD/ R05-83/005
See also PB85-213924 and PB85-213940.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E99, PB85-
213882.
The municipal drinking water wells in the City of New
Brighton/Arden Hills were found to be contaminated
with volatile organic solvents in June 1981. The City
opened two new wells in 1982 to reach a lower non-
contaminated water aquifer. Since discovery of the
contamination, the levels of hazardous substances
have increased in the remaining undeepened munici-
pal wells. The city is presently drilling two additional
deeper wells. However, these new wells will not be
available until the end of the year. Despite water re-
strictions, anticipated summertime peak demands for
water will not be met without drawing water from con-
taminated wells. The cost-effective initial remedial
measure (IRM) selected for this site is treatment of the
New Brighton/Arden Hills wells No. 5 and No. 6 with
granular activated carbon to meet anticipated peak
summertime demands. The capital cost for this IRM is
estimated to be $150,400 and O&M costs are $30,526
for four months.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Hazardous materials, "Waste
disposal, "Site surveys, "New Brighton Site, Sites, Li-
censes, Public health, Water pollution, Solvents, Sub-
stitutes, Cost analysis, Potable water. Water wells,
Ground water, Capitalized costs, Water supply, Minne-
sota, "Solid waste management, "Superfund program
"EPA region 5, "Land reclamation, "Municipal wastes,
"Environmental research, "Remedial actions, Liquid
waste disposal, Volatile organic compounds, Ethyl-
ene/trichloro, Granular activated carbon treatment.
New Brighton(Minnesota).
PB85-213940/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
New Brighton Site, Minnesota (Water Supply
System), September 1983. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Sep 83, 14p EPA/ROD/R05-83/006
See also PB85-213932 and PB85-213957.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E99, PB85-
213882.
The municipal drinking water wells in the City of New
Brighton/Arden Hills were found to be contaminated
with volatile organic solvents in June 1981. The City
opened two new wells in 1982 to reach a lower non-
contaminated water aquifer. Since it was first discov-
ered, the contamination levels have increased in ths
remaining undeepened municipal wells to approxi-
mately 70 ppb trichloroethylene (TCE). The Minnesota
Department of Health has ordered several municipal
and six private wells closed. The users of the private
wells are at present being supplied with bottled water.
The cost-effective Initial Remedial Measure (IRM) is to
extend the existing water supply system to the New
Brighton and Arden Hills private well users whose
wells have been found to be contaminated with TCE
and other chlorinated organics. Capital costs for the
IRM are estimated to be $217,958.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, "Hazardous materials, 'Waste
disposal, "Site surveys, "New Brighton Site, Sites, Li-
censes, Public health, Water pollution, Water quality,
Solvents, Solid waste disposal, Substitutes, Cost anal-
ysis, Potable water, Water wells, Ground water, Cap-
italized costs, Water supply, Minnesota, "Solid waste
management, "Superfund program, "EPA region 5,
"Land reclamation, "Municipal wastes, "Environmen-
tal research, "Remedial actions, Liquid waste disposal.
Volatile organic compounds, Ethylene/trichloro, New
Brighton(Minnesota).
PB85-213957/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region S):
Outboard Marine Corporation Site, Waukegan, Illi-
nois, May 1984. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
15 May 84, 71 p EPA/ROD/R05-84/007
See also PB85-213940 and PB85-213965.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E99, PB85-
213882.
The Outboard Marine Corporation (OMC) site is locat-
ed north of Chicago on the shore of Lake Michigan. It
is the location of an outboard motor manufacturing
plant which used polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in
its die cast machines for about 20 years ending in the
early 1970's. Discharges from the facility resulted in
highly contaminated sediment in Waukgan Harbor and
contaminated soil in the parking lot north of the plant
and the 'North Ditch,' a tributary of Lake Michigan. The
cost-effective option considered for this site was exca-
vation and off-site disposal of PCB-contaminated ma-
terial. This is the only option that meets the require-
ments of TSCA and guarantees the halt of PCB migra-
tion. The cost of this option is more than $75 million.
Because of the high cost to implement this option it
was necessary to Fund Balance. Fund Balancing is ap-
propriate where the alternative that would fully satisfy
the technical requirements of other environmental
laws is extremely expensive, and another alternative
which approaches the same level of effectiveness can
be implemented for a much lower cost. The Fund Bal-
anced alternative for this site provides for off-site dis-
posal of PCB contaminated hot-spots and on-site con-
tainment of the moderately contaminated materials
The cost of the Fund Balanced selected alternative is
estimated to be $21.57 million.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, "Outboard
Marine, Corporation site, Sites, Licenses, Public
health, Water pollution, Hydraulic fluids. Air pollution
Sediments, Rivers, Solid waste disposal, Substitutes
Cost analysis. Ground water, Surface water, Soils, Illi-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
"EPA region 5, "Land reclamation, "Municipal wastes,
"Environmental research, "Remedial actions, Liquid
waste disposal, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Off-site dis-
posal, Waukegan(lllinois).
PB85-213965/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Reilly Tar Site, Minnesota, June 1984. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
6 Jun 84, 39p EPA/ROD/R05-84/008
See also PB85-213957 and PB85-213973.Portions of
this document are not fully legible.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E99, PB85-
213882.
The Reilly Tar and Chemical Site occupies 80 acres in
St. Louis Park, Minnesota. The Republic Creosote
Works, which operated at the site between 1917 and
1972, fractionalized coal tar into various oils and pro-
duced creosote. The wastes resulting from this proc-
ess polluted the land surface of the site and four un-
derlying aquifers. The pollutants consisted primarily of
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and related
coal tar derivatives. The cost-effective remedial alter-
native selected for this site is treatment of the St. Louis
Park Well SLP-15/10 by a granular activated carbon
(GAC) water treatment system. GAC provides best
available technology to restore drinking water quality
and will also help prevent the spread of contamination.
The estimated total capital cost is $750,000 and the
first year O&M cost is estimated at $188,000.
Keywords: "Water treatment, "Industrial wastes, "Haz-
ardous materials, "Waste disposal, 'Site surveys,
"Reilly Tar Site, "Coal tar, "Aromatic polycyclic hydro-
carbons, Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water pollu-
tion, Potable water, Water quality, Solid waste dispos-
al, Substitutes, Cost analysis, Minnesota, Aquifers,
Ground water, Soils, Phenols, Creosotes, Water
supply, "Solid waste management, 'Superfund pro-
gram, "EPA region 5, "Land reclamation, "Municipal
wastes, "Environmental research, "Remedial actions,
Liquid waste disposal. Saint Louis Park(Minnesota),
Best technology, Granular activated carbon treatment,
Benzopyrenes.
PB85-213973/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Verona Well Field Site, Battle Creek, Michigan,
May 1984. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1 May 84,28p EPA/ROD/R05-84/009
See also PB85-213965.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E99, PB85-
213882.
The Verona Well Field provides potable water to ap-
proximately 35,000 people in the City of Battle Creek,
water for three food processing industries and for a va-
riety of other commercial and industrial establish-
ments. In 1981, county health officials discovered that
water from the Verona Well Field was contaminated
with volatile hydrocarbons. The selected IRM consists
of interceptor wells and air stripping to prevent further
deterioration of the well field. A carbon adsorption
system will be utilized to treat air emissions from the air
stripping units. The selected IRM also specifies a 6
MGD increase in water supply capacity to meet esti-
mated peak demand. The total capital costs for the se-
lected alternative is $1,796,000. The annual O&M cost
for the project is $470,000.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "Verona
well field site. Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water pol-
lution, Capitalized costs, Water wells, Water supply,
Food industry, Solid waste disposal, Substitutes, Cost
analysis, Water quality, Hydrocarbons, Potable water,
Air pollution, "Solid waste management, "Superfund
program, "EPA region 5, "Land reclamation, "Munici-
pal wastes, "Environmental research, 'Remedial ac-
tions, Liquid waste disposal, Calhoun
County(Michigan), Air quality, Air stripping, Ethylene/
trichloro, Ethylene/perchloro, Volatile organic com-
pounds, Carbon adsorption systems.
PB85-213981/HSU	PC E99
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1984,279p-in 4v
Set includes PB85-213999 through PB85-214021.
No abstract available.
PB85-213999/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
Bio-Ecology Systems Site, Grand Prairie, Texas,
June 1984. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
6 Jun 84, 58p EPA/ROD/R06-84/001
See also PB85-214005.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, P885-
213981.
The Bio-Ecology site is an 11.2 acre tract located in
Grand Prairie, Texas. The site is bounded in all direc-
tions by private property and also on the east and
south by the tributaries of Old Mountain Creek. The
Bio-Ecology waste disposal site was a Class I industri-
al solid waste management facility which was permit-
ted to: (1) incinerate combustible liquids, slurries and
sludges: (2) chemically treat acids, caustics and other
waste chemical solutions, excluding those containing
heavy metals; (3) treat waste waters using biological
oxidation; and (4) landfill solids from other treatment
processes. The site was actively operated from June
1972 through 1978. The cost-effective remedial alter-
native includes: raising the elevation above the 100-
year flood plain; construction of an on-site disposal cell
with synthetic liner and a leachate collection system;
construction of a final cover, liner and leachate collec-
tion and removal system in accordance with RCRA
Part 264; stabilize the waste and encapsulate in an on-
site cell; construct a fence; and install a ground water
monitoring system in accordance with RCRA Part 264.
The capital cost for the selected alternative is estimat-
ed to be $2,709,600. Operation and maintenance
costs for the first year are estimated to be $20,000.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Bio-Ecology systems
site, Sites, Licenses, Public health. Water pollution,
Capitalized costs, Cost analysis, Leaching, Surface
water. Sludge disposal, Solid waste disposal, Substi-
tutes, Ground water, Texas, Surface water, Operating
costs, "Solid waste management, "Superfund pro-
gram, "EPA Region 6, "Land reclamation, "Environ-
mental research, "Remedial actions, Liquid waste dis-
posal, Grand Prairie(Texas).
PB85-214005/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
Highlands Acid Pit Site, Texas, September 1984.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
25 Sep 84, 53p EPA/ROD/R06-84/002
See also PB85-213999 and PB85-214013.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB85-
213981.
The Highlands Acid Pit site is located 16 miles east of
Houston on a 6 acre peninsula. The site is bordered on
the west and south by the San Jacinto River, on the
north by a wooded area, and on the east by a sand pit.
The site lies within the 10-year flood plain and has sub-
sided 2.4 feet since 1964. An unknown quantity of in-
dustrial waste sludge was disposed of at the site in the
1950's. The sludge is believed to be spent sulfuric acid
wastes from a refinery process. Waste materials at the
site exhibit low pH and elevated concentrations of or-
ganics and heavy metals. Extensive excavation with
off-site disposal was selected as the cost-effective re-
medial action for this site. The selected remedy in-
cludes: excavating wastes to the ground water level
(approximate depth of 8-feet), off-site disposal to a
RCRA facility, backfilling the excavated area, con-
structing a temporary site perimeter fence and per-
forming ground water monitoring and site maintenance
for 30-years. Alternate Concentration Limits (ACLs)
will be developed for this site. The capital cost for the
selected alternative is estimated at $2,407,000 with
annual monitoring and maintenance costs at $14,000.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Highlands acid pit site,
"Site surveys, "Sludge disposal, Sites, Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution, Surface water, Soils,
Leaching, Metals, Ground water, Solid waste disposal,
Substitutes, Texas, Refineries, Sulfuric acid, Cost anal-
ysis, Capitalized costs, "Solid waste management,
"Superfund program, "EPA Region 6, "Land reclama-
tion, 'Environmental research, "Remedial actions,
Liquid waste disposal, Highlands(Texas), Off-site dis-
posal.
PB85-214013/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
Old Inger Site, Louisiana, September 1984. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
25 Sep 84,65p EPA/ROD/H06-84/003
See also PB85-214005 and PB85-214021.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB85-
213981.
The Old Inger hazardous waste site is located midway
between the cities of Baton Rouge and New Orleans in
Ascension Parish, Louisiana. The site was utilized as
an oil refinery and oil reclamation plant from 1967 to
1978. Approximately 41,600 cubic yards of waste oils,
and heavily contaminated soils, sludges, and sedi-
ments plus 2.5 million gallons of highly contaminated
surface water and 7.5 million gallons of slightly con-
taminated swamp water remain on-site. The waste ma-
terials include oil contaminated with hazardous petro-
chemicals, various oil additives, and oil combustion
products. In addition, ten miltion gallons of slightly con-
taminated ground water containing hazardous con-
stituents are present in the shallow aquifer. The cost-
effective remedy includes: closing and sealing of an
on-site well; pumping and treatment of the shallow
ground water aquifer via carbon adsorption; carbon ad-
sorption treatment and discharge offsite of contami-
nated water; in-situ containment and capping of slight-
ly contaminated soils; and on-site land treatment of
heavily contaminated soils and sludges. Decisions on
the need for corrective action for the intermediate aq-
uifer, the level of cleanup for the shallow aquifer and
the contaminated wood remedy were deferred. The
capital cost for the selected alternative is $3,174,000
and annual O&M costs are estimated to be $10,000.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site survey, 'Old Inger
Site, Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water pollution,
Water wells, Adsorption, Soils, Cost analysis, Solid
waste disposal, Substitutes, Ground water, Surface
water, Aquifers, Solvents, Oils, Pesticides, Metals,
Capitalized costs, Cost analysis, Louisiana, Lubricating
oils, "Solid waste management, "Superfund program,
"EPA Region 6, "Municipal wastes, "Land reclama-
tion, "Environmental research, "Remedial actions,
Liquid waste disposal, Ascension Parish (Louisiana),
Land treatment, Petrochemicals, Volatile organic com-
pounds.
PB8S-214021/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
Tar Creek Site, Oklahoma, June 1984. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
6 Jun 84,104p EPA/ROD/R06-84/004
See also PB85-214013.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB85-
213981.
Since November 1979, the Tar Creek watershed has
received highly mineralized acid mine discharges from
flooded underground lead-zinc mines of the Picher
Field in Ottawa County, Oklahoma. Upon cessation of
mining activities, drifts and shafts of the abandoned
mine works began to flood. The acid water reacted
with the surrounding rock causing many of the metals
present to dissolve, resulting in high concentrations of
zinc, lead and cadmium in the water. Discharge of
these acid ground waters at the surface has resulted in
degradation of Tar Creek and could eventually affect
the Roubidoux aquifer which is the region's current
water supply. The cost-effective remedial alternative
selected for this site includes: diversion and diking at
two major inflow areas and possibly a third if it be-
comes an inflow site, the plugging of 66 Roubidoux aq-
uifer wells, and implementation of a monitoring plan.
The capital cost for diversion at the three sites and well
plugging is estimated to be $4,000,000. The annual
O&M costs are $5,000 for monitoring.
Keywords: "Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Tar Creek Site, 'Site sur-
veys, Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water pollution,
Cost analysis, Water wells, Aquifers, Potable water,
Water supply, Solid waste disposal, Substitutes,
Ground water, Metals, Acids, Sediments, Surface
water, Oklahoma, Watershed, Zinc, Lead(Metal), Cad-
mium, 'Solid waste management, 'Superfund pro-
gram, "EPA Region 6, "Municipal wastes, "Land recla-
mation, 'Environmental research, "Remedial actions,
'Mining wastes, Liquid waste disposal, Ottawa
County(Oklahoma), Acid mine drainage.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB85-214039/HSU	PC E99
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 7).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1984,68p-in3v
Set includes PB85-214047 through PB85-214062.
No abstract available.
PB85-214047/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 7):
Aidex Site, Council Bluffs, Iowa (Initial Remedial
Measure), August 1983. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
24 Aug 83, 17p EPA/ROD/R07-83/001
See also PB85-214054.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB85-
214039.
The Aidex site is an abandoned pesticide formulation
facility, located about seven miles southeast of Council
Bluffs, IA, covering an area of about 20 acres. The site
is located in the Missouri River flood plain, and is within
a two-mile radious of 42 shallow domestic water wells.
The ground water under the site, an alluvial aquifer,
has been found to be contaminated; the potential for
contamination of nearby drinking water wells exists.
Contamination of soil and on-site ground water have
resulted from handling, storing and disposing of pesti-
cide formulation process wastes and from post-fire-
fighting operations. Site contaminants include signifi-
cant concentrations of organophosphate, organoch-
lorine, s-triazine and atrazine. The cost-effective Initial
Remedial Measure (IRM) selected for this site in-
cludes: off-site disposal of bulk liquids and semi-solids
by deep well injection and on-site drainage control
during Phase I, and off-site disposal of solids, soils and
debris from the site during Phase II. The probable cap-
ital cost of the IRM was estimated to be $718,595.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "Aidex site,
Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water pollution, Water
wells, Potable water, Leaching, Ground water, Capital-
ized costs, Solid waste disposal, Substitutes, Iowa,
Pesticides, Cost analysis, "Solid waste management,
"Superfund program, "EPA Region 7, "Municipal
wastes, "Land reclamation, "Environmental research,
"Remedial actions, Liquid waste disposal, Council
Bluffs(lowa).
PB85-214054/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 7):
Times Beach, Missouri (Quail Run, Sontag Road,
Minker, Stout, Cashel, Sullins), January 1984. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
13 Jan 84, 20p EPA/ROD/R07-84/002
See also PB85-214047 and PB85-214062.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB85-
214039.
The Minker Stout, Cashel, Sullins, Quail Run, and
Sontag Road sites are contaminated with 2, 3, 7,8 - te-
trachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin or TCDD) greater
than 1ppb (CDC health advisory is ippb TCDD soils
level in residential areas). The cost-effective remedial
alternative selected for these sites entails construction
of a 50,000 cubic yard interim storage facility at Times
Beach. The facility will be a concrete tank with a flexi-
ble cover protected from flooding. The work at each
site includes excavation of the TCDD-contaminated
soil, storage in the interim storage facility, temporary
relocation of affected residents, and all necessary res-
toration leading to reinhabitation. The remedial action
also includes construction of spur levels at Times
Beach to minimize and control erosion and transport of
contaminated soil particles in the event that flooding
occurs before response actions can be completed.
Total cost of this remedial action is estimated to be
$15,734,000.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Time Beach site, "Site
surveys, Cost analysis, Sites, Licenses, Public health,
Solid waste disposal, Substitutes, Missouri, Soils,
'Solid waste management, 'Superfund program,
*EPA Region 7, 'Land reclamation, "Environmental
research, "Remedial actions, 'Dioxin(Herbicides),
Liquid waste disposal, Dibenzodioxin/tetrachloro, CAS
1746-01-6.
370 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB85-214062/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 7):
Aidex Site, Council Bluffs, Iowa, September 1984.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 84, 31 p EPA/ROD/R07-84/003
See also PB85-214054.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB85-
214039.
The Aidex Corporation operated a pesticide formula-
tion facility near Council Bluffs, Iowa between 1974
and 1981. More than 4,000 barrels of pesticides and
pesticide wastes were stored or buried on the proper-
ty. The soil, shallow zone of ground water and surface
water are contaminated with pesticides and related
wastes. The cost-effective remedial alternative select-
ed for this site includes: excavation and off-site dispos-
al of buried wastes and contaminated soil in excess of
10ppm total pesticides; backfilling with clean soil and
grading and seeding of the site; expansion of the moni-
toring well network and biannual ground water testing;
vacuuming and washing interior surfaces, floors and
walls of the buildings onsite. The total present worth
cost of the selected alternative is $3,580,175 which in-
cludes the $875,000 O&M costs for thirty years of
ground water monitoring.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "Aidex site,
Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water pollution, Surface
water, Cost analysis, Ground water, Iowa, Soils, Solid
waste disposal, Substitutes, Water wells. Pesticides,
'Solid waste management, 'Superfund program,
*EPA Region 7, 'Land reclamation, 'Environmental
research, "Remedial actions, Liquid waste disposal,
Council Bluffs(lowa), Volatile organic compounds.
PB8S-214070/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 8):
Milltown Site, Montana, April 1984. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
14 Apr 84, 15p EPA/ROD/R08-84/001
The Milltown Reservoir Sediments site is located in
Missoula County, Montana. The site is adjacent to the
Milltown Dam where the Big Blackfoot River joins the
Clark Fork River. Constructed in 1906, this hydroelec-
tric dam formed a reservoir that trapped sediments
from mining, milling, and smelting operations in the
upper Clark Fork Valley. During the years since con-
struction, the reservoir storage has been almost totally
filled with arsenic contaminated sediments. In May,
1981, Milltown's four community water supply wells
were found to be contaminated with arsenic and other
heavy metals. The highest arsenic levels measured
have been between 0.54 to 0.90 milligrams per liter
(mg/l). The selected remedial alternative consists of:
construction of a new well from a hydraulically sepa-
rate aquifer; construction of a new distribution system;
flushing the plumbing system of each house to remove
suspended materials from the water system and
plumbing and testing the water quality in each house to
assure that the arsenic standard has been met. The
capital cost for the selected alternative is estimated to
be $262,714 and annual O&M costs are $4,238.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, 'Milltown
site, 'Sediments, Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water
pollution, Mine waters, Water quality. Potable water,
Arsenic, Water supply, Solid waste disposal, Substi-
tutes, Water wells, Cost analysis, Capitalized costs,
Metals, Montana, "Solid waste management, 'Super-
fund program, "EPA Region 8, "Municipal wastes,
"Land reclamation, "Environmental research, "Reme-
dial actions, Liquid waste disposal, Missoula
County(Montana).
PB85-214088/HSU	PC E99
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1984,205p-in 7v
Set includes PB85-214096 through PB85-214153.
No abstract available.
PB85-214096/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9):
Celtor Chemical Works Site, Hoopa, California,
October 1983. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
4 Oct 83, 19p EPA/ROD/R09-83/001
See also PB85-214104.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99, PB85-
214088.
The Celtor Chemical Works site is approximately 2.5
acres located at the north end of the Hoopa Valley
Indian Reservation in Humboldt County, CA. The site
was operated as a sulfide ore processing plant from
1957 to 1962. The site was abandoned in 1962 follow-
ing California Department of Fish and Game citations
for pollution and fish kills in the nearby Trinity River.
The most acute problems at the site are the extremely
acidic nature of the runoff and the high concentrations
of heavy metals in the soil. The selected initial remedi-
al action for the site includes excavation, transport,
and off-site disposal of hazardous substances. Off-site
disposal is estimated to cost $340,000.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "Celtor
chemical works site, Sites, Licenses, Public health,
Water pollution, Cost analysis, Leaching, Acids, Trans-
port properties, Ground water, Solid waste disposal,
Substitutes, Runoff, Soils, California, 'Solid waste
management, "Superfund program, "EPA Region 9,
"Land reclamation, "Environmental research, "Reme-
dial actions, Liquid waste disposal, Humboldt
County(California), Heavy metals, Off-site disposal,
Acid mine drainage, Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB85-214104/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9):
McColl Site, Fullerton, California, April 1984. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
11 Apr 84, 40p EPA/ROD/R09-84/002
See also PB85-214096 and PB85-214112.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99, PB85-
214088.
The McColl site is located approximately 20 miles
southeast of Los Angeles in a residential area of Ful-
lerton, California. The site was previously used as a
disposal area for acid sludge wastes from the produc-
tion of high octane aviation fuel during World War II. Oil
field drilling muds were later disposed of on the acid
sludge. The waste is characterized by low pH and high
sulfur content. Arsenic, benzene, and organic sulfur di-
oxide (S02) and tetrahydrothiophene were also identi-
fied in the waste and soil. Gases produced from the
material include benzene, S02, hydrogen sulfide and
various odorous hydrocarbons.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "McColl
site, Cost analysis, Sites, Licenses, Public health,
Water pollution, Arsenic, Drilling fluids, Aviation fuels,
Air pollution, Surface water, Solid waste disposal, Sub-
stitutes, Acids, Soils, Ground water. Earthquakes, Cap-
italized costs, Sulfur dioxide, Hydrogen sulfide, Califor-
nia, 'Solid waste management, "Superfund program,
"EPA Region 9, "Land reclamation, 'Environmental
research, 'Remedial actions, Liquid waste disposal,
Fullerton(California).
PB85-214112/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9):
Mountain View/Globe Site, Arizonia, June 1983.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
2 Jun 83, 20p EPA/ROD/R09-83/003
See also PB85-214104 and PB85-214120.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99, PB85-
214088.
A Mountain View Mobile Home Estates site is a resi-
dential subdivision of approximately 130 people that
was built in 1974 on graded asbestos tailings and con-
taminated soil at the site of the defunct Metate Asbes-
tos Company mill. The mill processed asbestos ore
from 1953 until it was closed in 1974 by permanent in-
junction of the Gila-Pinal Counties Air Quality Control
District for failure to meet air quality standards. Resi-
dents of Mountain View Estates are exposed to asbes-
tos fibers from the subdivision's contaminated soil and
potentially from the fiber piles of an adjacent asbestos
mill. The selected remedial alternative includes perma-
nent relocation of Mountain View residents, cleaning
the site and demolishing and burying on-site all of the
homes and sewage treatment plant, and site closure
by capping, fencing, and periodic inspection and main-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
$4,432,000 which includes the present worth of capital
and O&M costs for the project life.
Keywords: *Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, "Site surveys, 'Mountain
View/Globe site, Asbestos, Sites, Licenses, Public
health, Water pollution, Capitalized costs, Arizona,
Solid waste disposal, Substitutes, Soils, Air pollution,
Cost analysis, "Solid waste management, 'Superfund
program, "EPA Region 9, "Land reclamation, "Envi-
ronmental research, 'Remedial actions,
Globe(Arizona).
PB85-214120/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9):
San Gabriel Area 1 Site, California, May 1984. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
11 May 84, 33p EPA/ROD/R09-84/004
See also PB85-214112 and PB85-214138.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99, PB85-
214088.
The San Gabriel Area I site is affected by one of four
contaminated ground water plumes affecting the San
Gabriel ground water basin, approximately 40 miles
east of Los Angeles. Testing of wells by the California
Department of Health Services (DOHS) found areas of
the basin contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE),
tetrachloroethylene (PCE), and other chlorinated hy-
drocarbons. The DOHS has set Action Levels for TCE
and PCE at the EPA suggested no adverse response
level (SNARL) of 5 ppb and 4 ppb, respectively. The
three mutual water companies whose wells have been
affected by the contamination serve a population of
approximately 200,000. The selected initial remedial
measure (IRM) is installation of an air stripping system
to treat contaminated ground water from the affected
water mutual wells. The capital cost for the project is
$525,000 and annual O&M is estimated to be $36,000.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal. "San Gabriel Area 1 site,
"Site surveys, Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water
pollution. Plumes, Water quality, Solvents, Risk, Cali-
fornia, Solid waste disposal, Substitutes, Ground
water, Water wells, Water supply, Capitalized costs,
Cost analysis, Households, Potable water, Air pollu-
tion, "Solid waste management, "Superfund program,
"EPA Region 9, "Municipal wastes, "Land reclama-
tion, "Environmental research, "Remedial actions,
Liquid waste disposal, El Monte(California), Ethylene/
trichloro, Ethylene/tetrachloro, Air quality, Air strip-
ping, Carbon adsorption systems.
PB85-214138/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9):
Stringfellow Acid Pits Site, Glen Avon, California
(Initial Remedial Measure), July 1983. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
22 Jul 83, 31p EPA/ROD/R09-83/005
See also PB85-214120 and PB85-214146.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99, PB85-
214088.
The Stringfellow site is located in Riverside County,
approximately five miles northwest of the City of River-
side and one mile north of the community of Glen
Avon. The Stringfellow site which encompassed ap-
proximately 17 acres, potentially affects the Chino III
ground water basin which is used for industrial and ag-
ricultural purposes and as a domestic drinking water
supply for approximately 40,000 residents. During the
site operation from 1956 to 1972, approximately 34
million gallons of toxic waste were disposed of at the
site. Past disposal techniques included discharging
liquid wastes, mainly acids and heavy metals, to ponds
for solar evaporation and spraying liquid wastes into
the air to accelerate evaporation, substances dis-
posed of include heavy metals such as chromium and
cadmium, acids including sulfuric acid, and organics in-
cluding DDT and TCE. The selected remedial alterna-
tive involves initial remedial measures to fence the
site, and maintain the existing cap, and control ero-
sion; interim source control for off-site disposal of
leachate extracted above and below the on-site clay
barrier dam, and reimbursement to the State for
source control measures.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, "Stringfel-
low site, Sites, Licenses. Public health, Water pollu-
tion, Soils, Ground water, Pesticides, Acids, California,
Solid waste disposal, Substitutes, Agricultural prod-
ucts, Potable water, Water supply, DDT, Leaching,
Surface water, Sulfuric acid, "Solid waste manage-
ment, "Superfund program, "EPA Region 9, "Munici-
pal wastes, "Land reclamation, "Environmental re-
search, 'Remedial actions, Liquid waste disposal, Riv-
erside County(California), Off-site disposal. Heavy
metals.
PB85-214146/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9):
Taputimu Farm/Insular Territories Site, American
Samoa, Decemember 1983. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
27 Dec 83,11 p EPA/ROD/R09-83/006
See also PB85-214138 and PB85-214153.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99, PB85-
2140B8.
The Taputimu Farm is a facility owned by the govern-
ment of American Samoa and is the territory's primary
repository of unused and out-dated agricultural chemi-
cals and pesticides. The facility is constructed of ply-
wood walls with a corrugated metal roof and is located
approximately a quarter mile from a public beach. The
remedial action alternative selected for this site in-
volves repacking or overpacking the chemical/pesti-
cide materials stored at the Taputimu Farm, decon-
taminating the storage facilities and sealing the decon-
taminated surfaces, and transporting all the waste ma-
terials to the U.S. mainland for disposal. The cost of
this remedial action is estimated to be $160,000.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "Taputimu
Farm/Insular Terratories Site, Cost analysis, Sites, Li-
censes, Public health, Water pollution, DDT, Aldrin,
Dieldrin, Heptachlor, Solid waste disposal, Substitutes,
Pesticides, Agricultural products, Organic solvents, Air
pollution, Beaches, Storage, Industrial hygiene, "Solid
waste management, "Superfund program, "EPA
Region 9, "Land reclamation, "Environmental re-
search, "Remedial actions, Liquid waste disposal,
American Samoa, Polychlorinated biphenyls, T 2-4-5
herbicides, Chemical spills, Occupational safety and
health.
PB85-214153/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9):
Stringfellow Acid Pits Site, Glen Avon, California,
July 1984. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
17 Jul 84,51 p EPA/ROD/R09-84/007
See also PB85-214146.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99, PB85-
214088.
The Stringfellow Acid Pits site is located in Riverside
County, five miles northwest of the City of Riverside
and one mile north of the community of Glen Avon.
The site was operated by the Stringfellow Quarry Com-
pany from August 21,1956 to November 19,1972 as a
hazardous waste disposal facility. Approximately 34
million gallons of industrial wastes, primarily from
metal finishing, electroplating and DDT production,
were deposited in evaporation ponds on site. The dis-
posal area totals 17 acres. The selected Interim reme-
dial measure includes installation of an on-site pre-
treatment system consisting of lime precipitation for
heavy metals removal and granular aetivated carbon
treatment for organics removal. Pretreatment will be
followed by discharge to a publicly owned treatment
works (POTW) system. Also, additional interceptor and
monitoring wells will be installed to extract contaminat-
ed down gradient ground water.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "Strlngfel-
low/acid pits site, Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water
pollution, DDT, Electroplating, Metal finishing, Solid
waste disposal, Substitutes, Cost analysis, Ground
water, Surface water, Soils, Metals, Sulfuric acid, Pes-
ticides, California, "Solid waste management, "Super-
fund program, "EPA region 9, "Land reclamation, "Mu-
nicipal wastes, "Environmental research, "Remedial
actions, Liquid waste disposal, Riverside
County(California), Publicly owned wastewater treat-
ment, Off-site disposal.
PB85-214161/HSU	PC E99
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 10).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1 Mar 83,53p-in 3v
Set includes PB85-214179 throught PB85-214195
No abstract available.
PB85-214179/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 10):
Commencement Bay/Tacoma Well 12A Site,
Washington, March 19S3. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1 Mar 83,12pEPA/ROD/R 10-83/001
See also PB85-214187.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB85-
214161.
The South Tacoma Channel, Well 12A is in the City of
Tacoma, WA, and lies within the Commencement Bay
drainage area. In Sept. 1981, Well 12A was voluntarily
removed from service by the city when chlorinated or-
ganic solvents were detected. During 1982, volatile or-
ganics were discovered in nearby Well 9A which was
also closed. A ground water study confirmed that
should the contaminated wells closest to the source
remain shut down, pumping of the other production
wells would draw the contaminated plume throughout
the well field. The cost-effective Initial Remedial Meas-
ure (IRM) is to pump and treat water from Well 12A.
Pumping of the well will assist in confining contaminant
movement within the aquifer. Air stripping will occa-
sionally allow the city to use the water when its quality
is acceptable. The cost of the project is estimated to
be $1,200,000. Operation, maintenance, and monitor-
ing costs are estimated to be $60,000 annually.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "Tacoma
Well 12A Site, Potable water, Sites, Licenses, Public
health, Water pollution, Organic solvents, Water treat-
ment, Water wells, Water supply, Water quality, Solid
waste disposal, Substitutes, Washington(State), Cost
analysis, Ground water, "Solid waste management,
"Superfund program, "EPA Region 10, "Municipal
wastes, "Land reclamation, "Environmental research,
"Remedial actions, Liquid waste disposal,
Tacoma(Washington), Noise pollution, Volatile organic
compounds, Ethylene/trichloro, Ethylene/dichloro.
PB85-214187/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 10):
Ponders Corner Site, Washington (initial Remedial
Measure), June 1984. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1 Jun84, 36p EPA/ROD/R10-84/002
See also PB85-214179 and PB85-214195.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB85-
214161.
Drinking water wells in the Tacoma, Washington area
were sampled for contamination by purgeable halocar-
bons. The sampling results showed that Lakewood
Water District's production Wells H-1 and H-2 were
contaminated with 1,2-(trans)dichloroethylene, trich-
loroethylene and tetrachloroethylene. These wells
were taken out of production. It was determined that
the septic tanks and the ground disposal area of a
commercial cleaners were the probable source of well
water contamination. Solvents used in the dry cleaning
process were disposed of in the septic tank and liquid
wastes consisting of solvent-contaminated sludges
and water draw-off were disposed on the ground out-
side the cleaners. The cost-effective initial remedial
measure for the site is construction of air stripping
towers. The 3-year present worth cost for this remedy
is estimated to be $1,163,000 and annual operation
and maintenance is estimated to cost $82,000.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Ponders Corner site,
'Site surveys, Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water
pollution, Washington(State), Solid waste disposal,
Substitutes, Ground water, Organic solvents, Dry
cleaning, 'Solid waste management, 'Superfund pro-
gram, "EPA Region 10, "Municipal wastes, "Land rec-
lamation, "Environmental research, "Remedial ac-
tions, Liquid waste disposal, Lakewood(Washington),
Volatile organic compounds, Ethylene/dichloro, Ethyl-
ene/trichloro, Ethylene/tetrachloro, Land disposal.
PB85-214195/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 10):
Western Processing Company, Inc. Site, Kent,
Washington, August 1984. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
5 Aug 84,5p EPA/ROD/R10-84/003
See also PB85-214187.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB85-
214161.
The Western Processing site occupies approximately
13 acres in Kent and King Counties, WA. Originally
Western Processing was a reprocessor of animal by-
products and brewer's yeast. In the 1960's the busi-
ness expanded to recycle, reclaim, treat and dispose
of industrial wastes, including waste oils, electroplating
wastes, waste pickle liquor, battery acids, flue dust,
pesticides, spent solvents, and zinc dross. The facility
is presently inactive and consists of 10 buildings in
poor repair, a solvent recycling plant, a fertilizer-plant,
72 bulk storage tanks of varying capacities, drum stor-
age areas with 2,000 partially filled drums and 3,600
empty drums, piles of flue dust, and battery chips. The
soil and ground water samples confirmed that hazard-
ous substances had been released into the environ-
ment. Among the more hazardous contaminants found
on or below the site are chloroform, benzene, 1,2-dich-
loroethane, trichloroethylene, phenol, arsenic, cadmi-
um and cyanides. The surface clean-up and storm-
water control project is the first operable unit of the
overall remedial action at the site. The main elements
of the selected alternative include: characterize all ma-
terials identified for removal of all bulk liquids,
drummed liquids, and waste piles to a permitted off-
site facility for disposal or incineration; removal and
proper disposal of all transformers and substation
equipment; demolition and removal to a permitted off-
site facility of all on site buildings and dismantling of all
on-site bulk storage tanks. Capital Cost $5.0 m.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Western processing site,
"Site surveys, West Virginia, Sites, Licenses, Public
health, Water pollution, Solvents, Pesticides, Leach-
ing, Soils, Ground water, Solid waste disposal, Substi-
tutes, Industrial wastes, Metal industry, Metals, "Solid
waste management, "Superfund program, "EPA
Region 10, "Municipal wastes, "Land reclamation,
Liquid waste disposal, Kent County(West Virginia),
Waste recycling, Waste oils.
PB85-214237/HSU	MF A01
Air Quality Data - 1984 Annual Statistics Including
Summaries with Reference to Standards. Annual
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sep 85,370p EPA/450/4-85/005
Microfiche copies only (two sheets of 48X reduction).
The report presents comprehensive summaries of
data produced by the nation's ambient air quality moni-
toring activities for 1984. The data are summarized in
two formats: frequency distributions (Part I) and status
of data with reference to standards (Part II). These
summaries are based on data acquired through exten-
sive monitoring activities conducted by Federal, State,
and local pollution control agencies and submitted to
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National
Aerometric Data Bank. Information is provided on the
six pollutants for which National Ambient Air Quality
Standards have been set: total suspended particu-
lates, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen diox-
ide, lead, and ozone.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Standards, Particles,
Carbon monoxide, Sulfur dioxide, Lead(Metal), Ozone,
National government, State government, "Air quality
data, "National ambient air quality standards, 'Air pol-
lution abatement, Reference materials.
PB85-214294/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Field Validation of Laboratory-Derived Multispe-
cies Aquatic Test Systems,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Dept. of Biological
Science
R. J. Livingston, R. J. Diaz, and D. C. White. Jun 85,
68p EPA/600/4-85/039
Grant EPA-R-810292
Prepared in cooperation with Virginia Inst, of Marine
Science, Gloucester Point.
A three-year study was carried out to determine the
feasibility of using multispecies microcosms of benthic
microorganisms and infaunal macroinvertebrates to
predict the responses of estuarine systems to toxic
substances. Criteria were developed to evaluate the
field validation of laboratory microcosms. Simultane-
ous laboratory/field experiments were carried out in
the Apalachicola Bay system, Fla., and York River es-
372 Vol. 90, No. 24
tuary, Va., to test the potential for extrapolation of vali-
dation results from ore ecological system to another.
The study demonstrated that microcosm of microorga-
nisms and infaunal macroinvertebrates can be estab-
lished for short periods (5-6 weeks) and that the micro-
cosms can be used to simulate specific features of
field assemblages within the range of uncertainty that
is characteristic of natural systems.
Keywords: "Marine microorganisms, "Invertebrates,
"Toxicity, "Water pollution, "Estuaries, Ecology, Field
tests, Simulation, Feasibility, Populations, "Micro-
cosms, Habitats.
PB85-214310/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Dioxin Transport from Contaminated Sites to Ex-
posure Locations: A Methodology for Calculating
Conversion Factors. Final rept. 1 Jul 84-15 Jan 85,
Battelle Project Management Div., Richland, WA.
Office of Hazardous Waste Management.
G. W. Dawson, J. M. Meuser, and M. C. Lilga. Jun 85,
88p B556-21101, EPA/600/8-85/012
Contract EPA-68-01-6861
Procedures have been developed by the US EPA for
estimating the risk associated with exposure to
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin). Concen-
trations of dioxin at the contaminant source are usually
known, but exposure may occur at locations away from
the source where concentrations are usually unknown.
As a result, a need was identified for estimating dioxin
concentrations away from the source. The report dis-
cusses the transport of dioxin from a source and pre-
sents methods for estimating dioxin concentrations at
potential points of exposure away from a source. The
transport pathways that were considered to be impor-
tant were volatilization, suspension and deposition of
windblown particles, overland sediment runoff, and in-
stream sediment transport. Concentrations at loca-
tions away from a source can be estimated using con-
version factors for air, soil, and sediment. Concentra-
tions in these media at potential points of exposure
can be estimated using the source concentration and
factors that describe the physical characteristics of the
source and the transport pathways. Because ingestion
of contaminated foodstuffs will result in exposure to
dioxin, an example is provided for estimating the
amount of dioxin in beef. Missouri beef distribution pat-
terns and a market dilution concept were used to esti-
mate potential chronic exposure to contaminated beef
products within the state.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Chemical analysis.
"Toxicology, "Public health, "Environmental surveys,
"Hazardous materials, Assessments, Transport prop-
erties, Sites, Exposure, Sources, Sampling, Risk, State
government, Concentration(Composition), Food analy-
sis, Sediments, Air pollution, Water pollution, Ecology,
"Dioxin(Herbicides), "Environmental health, "Path of
pollutants, Land pollution, Procedures, Dibenzodioxin/
tetrachloro, CAS 1746-01-6.
PB85-214336/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Development and Evaluation of an Instantaneous
Atmospheric Corrosion Rate Monitor. Final rept.,
Rockwell International Corp., Thousand Oaks, CA. Sci-
ence Center.
F. Mansfeld, S. L. Jeanjaquet, M. W. Kendig, and D. K.
Roe. Jun 85,84p EPA/600/3-85/048
Contract EPA-68-02-3741
Prepared in cooperation with Portland State Univ., OR.
A research program has been carried out in which a
new instantaneous atmospheric corrosion rate monitor
(ACRM) has been developed and evaluated, and
equipment has been constructed which will allow the
use of many sensors in an economical way in outdoor
exposures. In the first task, the ACRM was developed
and tested in flow chambers in which relative humidity
and gaseous and particulate pollutant levels can be
controlled. Diurnal cycles and periods of rain have
been simulated. The effects of aerosols have been
studied. A computerized system was used for collec-
tion, storage, and analysis of the electrochemical data.
In the second task, a relatively inexpensive electronics
system for control of the ACRM and measurement of
atmospheric corrosion rates which was designed and
built under a subcontract at Portland State University
was tested. In the third task, calibration of deterioration
rates of various metallic and nonmetallic materials with
the response of the ACRMs attached to these materi-
als was carried out under controlled environmental
conditions using the system developed in the second
task. A Quality Assurance project plan has been pre-
pared with inputs from the Rockwell International Envi-
ronmental Monitoring and Service Center and Quality
Assurance System audits have been performed.
Keywords: "Monitors, "Atmospheric corrosion tests,
"Test chambers, "Air pollution, "Electrochemistry,
"Moisture content, Performance evaluation. Exposure,
Humidity, Quality assurance, Design criteria, Sensors,
Materials tests, Computer programming, Wetting, "At-
mospheric corrosion rate monitors, "Air pollution
effects(Materials), Acid rain.
PB85-214344	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Bentonite Clay Solids on Poliovirus
Concentration from Water by Microporous Filter
Methods. Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Public
Health.
M. D. Sobsey, and T. Cromeans. c1985, 5p EPA/600/
J-85/047
Grant EPA-R-806677
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v49
n4 P795-798 Apr 85.
In order to determine if suspended solids interfere with
enteric virus recovery from water by microporous filter
methods, the effects of bentonite clay solids at a con-
centration of 10 NTU on the recovery of poliovirus type
1 from seeded, activated carbon-treated, filtered tap
water were studied. Five hundred-ml volumes of virus-
laden water at pH 5.5 or 7.5, with and without 50 mM
MgCI2, were filtered through 47 mm diameter, electro-
positive (Virosorb 1MDS) and electronegative (Filter-
ite) filters that had been pretreated with Tween 80 to
minimize direct virus adsorption to filter surfaces. Ben-
tonite solids enhanced virus retention on both types of
filters, even under conditions where viruses were not
solids-associated. However, bentonite solids also
interfered with elution of retained viruses when eiuting
with 0.3% beef extract-50 mM glycine, pH 9.5. (Copy-
right (c) 1985, American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: "Filters, "Polioviruses, "Activated carbon
treatment, Water supply, Fly ash, Bentonite, Solids,
Retaining, Adsorption, Turbidity, Reprints, Micropor-
ous filters.
PB85-214351	Not available NTIS
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Mutagenic Activity of Irradiated Toluene/NOx/
H20/Alr Mixtures. Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
P. B. Shepson, T. E. Kleindienst, E. O. Edney, L. T.
Cupitt, and L. D. Claxton. C1985,8p EPA/600/J-85/
049
Contract EPA-68-02-4033
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v19
n3 p249-255 Mar 85.
Irradiated mixtures of t0luene/NOx/H2O/air were
brought to a steady-state distribution of reactants and
products in a 22.7 cu. m. flow-mode smog chamber,
and the effluent was tested for mutagenic activity by
exposing Salmonella typhimurum strains TA100 and
TA98 to it. Two different product distributions were ex-
amined, with that corresponding to a longer extent of
reaction yielding a greater mutagenic response.
Vapor-phase concentration/time profiles for several
aldehydes, cresols, peroxyacetylnitrate, toluene, nitro-
gen oxides, ozone, and particulate matter were ob-
tained for the reaction chamber and exposure cham-
ber air masses. Calculations were made as to the total
auantity of each product species that deposited into
the biotesting medium. The information was used to
speculate on what may have caused the mutagenic re-
sponse.
Keywords: "Toluene, "Toxicology, Bacteria, Irradia-
tion, Reprints, "Mutagenesis, "Air pollution
effects(Microorganisms), Smog, Salmonella typhi-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB8S-214369/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Neonatal and Maternal Body Burdens of Hexach-
lorobenzene (HCB) in Mice: Gestational Exposure
and Lactational Transfer. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.
K. D. Courtney, and J. E. Andrews. 1985, 15p EPA/
600/J-85/048
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 5, n1
P265-277 Feb 85.
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), a ubiquitous lipophilic pol-
lutant, was lound to be readily transferred in the milk of
lactating dams to their suckling neonates. Pregnant
CD-1 mice were treated during gestation, and the body
burdens of HCB in the neonates and the dams were
determined during lactation. Also, neonates from
dams treated with HCB during gestation were cross-
fostered at birth to dams treated with corn oil during
gestation. The body burdens of HCB were greater in
the neonates exposed to HCB by lactational transfer
than the neonates exposed only by gestational trans-
fer. For a number of tissues, the body burden of HCB in
the pups was similar for full litters and litters reduced to
2 pups per litter. The body burdens of the dams were
greatly reduced during lactation with a loss of 95% of
HCB. A similar reduction was seen in dams with litters
reduced to 2 pups. Lactational transfer of HCB was a
major route of excretion. Non-pregnant mice were
studied concurrently.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Mice, Bioassay, Milk, Expo-
sure, Pathology, Reprints, * Benzene/hexachloro.
PB85-214377/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Acid Precipita-
tion and Their Interpretation,
Analytical Sciences, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC,
S. K. Seilkop, and P. L. Finkelstein. Jun 85,18p EPA/
600/D-85/113
Contract EPA-68-02-4082
Using data compiled from seven nationwide precipita-
tion chemistry networks in the U.S. and Canada, the
spatial distribution of hydrogen, sulfate, and nitrate
ions in North America is discussed. Geographic pat-
terns of concentration and deposition are character-
ized using isopleth maps which are presented and in-
terpreted for the years 1980, 1981, and 1982. The
maps were developed using a geostatistical technique
known as 'kriging'. This method allows for the estima-
tion of confidence limits on interpolated values. Using
these limits, the significance of temporal changes in
spatial patterns of deposition and concentration is as-
sessed. The data discussed in the presentation were
compiled and initially summarized by Battelle North-
west Laboratories in the operation of the Environmen-
tal Protection Agency's Acid Deposition System
(ADS).
Keywords: 'North America, "Air pollution, "Spatial dis-
tribution, 'Temperature distribution, Concentration
composition, Assessments, Sites, Sampling, Interpola-
tion, Nomographs, "Acid rain, "Air pollution sampling,
Hydrogen ions, Sulfate ions, Nitrate ions.
PB85-214385	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle,
Park, NC.
Delayed Neuropathy In Adult Peking Ducks In-
duced By Some Organophosphorus Esters. Jour-
nal article,
Alexandria Univ. (Egypt).
S. A. Soliman, and J. D. Farmer. c1984,14p EPA/600/
J-84/306
Contracts EPA-68-02-3252, EPA-68-02-3725
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health
14, p789-801 Dec 84.
Tri-o-cresyl phosphate (TOCP), leptophos (0-methyl 0-
(4-bromo-2,5,-dichlorophenyl) phenylphosphonoth-
ioate) and cyanofenphos (0-ethyl 0-(4-cyanophenyl)
phenylphosphonothioate) were used to determine
whether adult peking ducks would exhibit neurotoxicity
after exposure to such chemicals. Clinical, histopatho-
logical, and specific biochemical tests were used to
detect the neurologic dysfunctions that were induced
by these neurotoxic agents. Ducks were orally treated
with TOCP or leptophos at 100 or 10 mg/kg(d)for 30 d,
respectively. Another group of ducks received cyano-
fenphos at 4 mg/kg(d)for 10 d.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Exposure, Ducks, Phosphorus
organic compounds, Biochemistry, Pesticides, Birds,
Bioassay, Reprints, "Phosphoric acid/(tricresyl-ester),
"Phosvel, "Cyanofenphos, "Environmental health,
Phosphonothioic acid/(bromo-dichlorophanyl-ester)-
(methyl-ester)-phenyl, Phosphonothioic acid/(ethyl-
ester)-(cyanophenyl-ester)-phenyl.
PB85-214393	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Temperature and Light Effects on the Growth of
'Potamogeton crispus' in Collins Lake, New York
State. Journal article,
Union Coll., Schenectady, NY.
P. Tobiessen, and P. D. Snow. C1984,6p EPA/600/J-
84/305
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Botany 62. p2822-2826, Dec
84.
Potamogeton crispus, the curly leaved pondweed, was
found to grow at low temperatures and very low light
intensities: less than 1 % of the surface irradiance. In
both laboratory and lake studies, lower light intensities
produced taller plants with fewer stems per propagule
than plants grown at higher light intensities. Such a
growth pattern may allow P. crispus to exist in deeper
or less transparent water than other aquatic plants.
Rapid growth in the early spring apparently permits P.
crispus to become dominant while other possible com-
petitors are still dormant.
Keywords: "Growth, "Aquatic weeds, "Collins Lake,
Temperature, Luminous intensity. Deep water, Spring
season, Competition, Aquatic plants, Biomass, Accli-
matization, Reprints, "Potamogeton crispus, Pond-
weed.
PB85-214435/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
WASTOX (Water Quality Analysis Simulation for
Toxica), a Framework for Modeling the Fate of
Toxic Chemicals in Aquatic Environments. Part 2.
Food Chain,
Manhattan Coll., Bronx, NY. Dept. of Environmental
Engineering and Science.
J. P. Connolly, and R. V. Thomann. Jun 85,63p EPA/
600/4-85/040
See also PB85-152882.
A food chain bioaccumulation mathematical frame-
work was developed as part of a broader framework
for modeling the fate of toxic chemicals in natural
water systems, entitled WASTOX. A user's guide for
WASTOX (PB85-152882) was published in August
1984. The food chain component of WASTOX de-
scribed here is a generalized model for estimating the
uptake and elimination of toxic chemicals by aquatic
organisms. Uptake and elimination rates are related to
the bioenergetic parameters of the species encom-
passed in either a linear food chain or a food web.
Concentrations are calculated as a function of time
and age for each species included. Exposure to the
toxic chemical in food is based on a consumption rate
and predator-prey relationships that are specified as a
function of age. Exposure to the toxic chemical in
water is functionally related to the respiration rate.
Steady-state concentrations may also be calculated.
Food chain exposure to chemicals may be specified by
the user of the model or may be taken directly from the
values calculated by the exposure concentration com-
ponent of WASTOX. Migratory species, as well as non-
migratory species, may be considered. The model has
been successfully used to model Kepone in the James
River striped bass food chain and PCBs in the Lake
Michigan lake trout food chain and the Saginaw Bay,
Lake Huron yellow perch food.
Keywords'. "Mathematical models, "Food chains,
"Aquatic animals, "Aquatic biology, "Chemical com-
pounds, Exposure, Concentration(Composition), Natu-
ral resources, Water supply, Transport properties,
Ecology, Toxicology, Computer programs. Computer
programming, Lake Michigan, James River, Water
quality, "Toxic substances, WASTOX models, "Water
pollution elfects(Animals), "Path of pollutants,
Kepone, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Bioaccumulation,
Ec.
PB85-214443/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
Plume3D: Three-Dimensional Plumes in Uniform
Ground Water Flow. Final rept. Sep 83-Feb 85,
Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater.
J. Wagner, S. A. Watts, and D. C. Kent. Jun 85,82p
EPA/600/2-85/067
Grant EPA-R-811142
A closed-form analytical solution for three-dimensional
plumes was incorporated in an interactive computer
program. The assumption of an infinite aquifer depth
and uniform source mass rate and source location was
overcome by using the principal of superposition in
space and time. The source code was written in a
subset of FORTRAN 77 and can be compiled with
FORTRAN IV, FORTRAN 66 as well as FORTRAN 77.
As a result the code is nearly independent of hardware
and operating system.
Keywords: "Plumes, "Uniform flow, "Ground water,
"Water pollution, Aquifers, Three dimensional flow,
Depth, Mathematical models, Corriputer programming,
Sources, Fortran, Concentration(Composition), FOR-
TRAN 4 programming language, FORTRAN 68 pro-
gramming language, FORTRAN 77 programming lan-
guage.
PB85-214450/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Plume2D: Two-Dlmensional Plumes In Uniform
Ground Water Flow. Final rept. Sep 83-Feb 85,
Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater.
J. Wagner, S. A. Watts, and D. C. Kent. Jun 85, 93p
EPA/600/2-85/065
Grant EPA-R-811142
A closed-form analytical solution for two dimensional
plumes was incorporated in an interactive computer
program. The assumption of an infinite aquifer depth
and uniform source mass rate and source location was
overcome by using the principal of superposition in
space and time. The source code was written in a
subset of FORTRAN 77 and can be compiled with
FORTRAN IV, FORTRAN 66 as well as FORTRAN 77.
As a result, the code is nearly independent of hard-
ware and operating system. The model can be solved
for either vertically or horizontally averaged conditions.
Keywords: "Plumes, "Uniform flow, "Ground water,
"Water pollution, Mathematical models. Two dimen-
sional flow. Computer programming, Fortran, Aquifers,
Evaluation, Fortran 4 programming language, Fortran
66 programming language, Fortran 77 programming
language.
PB85-215234/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Hazardous Waste Ranking - Assessment of Air
Emissions from Hazardous Waste Treatment,
Storage, and Disposal Facilities,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
T. Nunno, A. Steele, and B. Bosy. Feb 85,149p EPA/
450/3-85-006
Contract EPA-68-02-3168
The Final Report presents ranking scores for select
RCRA wastes that are likely to be emitted to the ambi-
ent air based on: (1) hazardous waste characterization
data (expected constituent concentrations); (2) ideal-
ized gas phase equilibrium concentration; (3) health ef-
fects properties (toxicity and carcinogenicity); and (4)
estimated waste volumes disposed by treatment, stor-
age and disposal facility (TSDF) type. The RCRA Part
A permit application data base was manipulated to
generate a list of wastes handled by TSDFs in the
United States. This list of 501 wastes comprises an es-
timated hazardous waste disposal volume of approxi-
mately 92 million metric tons nationwide. Approximate-
ly 100 of the 501 waste types were evaluated with re-
spect to the four parameters influencing air releases
described above. These 100 wastes were then as-
signed ranking scores according to the methodology
presented in this report. The ranking scheme reported
here provides a starting point for the selection of
wastes that may have tne greatest potential for ad-
versely affecting human health due to air releases.
Using this ranking scheme, specific wastes will be se-
lected for further study of air emission release rates,
dispersion modeling, and field measurements for vali-
dation of release rate models.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Air pollution,
'Waste disposal, 'Storage tanks, Assessments, Car-
cinogens, Toxicity, Public health, Chemical composi-
tion, Risk, Tables(Data), Chemical properties, Comput-
er programs, Mathematical models, Field tests, "Vola-
tile organic compounds, 'Ranking, "Hazardous as-
sessment rating methodology, "Air pollution
effects(Humans), "Hazardous air pollutant prioritiza-
tion system, "Waste treatment, Resource conserva-
tion and recovery act, Phase equilibrium, Atmospheric
dispersion.
PB8S-215333/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Destruction of VOCS (Volatile Organic Com-
pounds) by a Catalytic Paint Drying (Infrared)
Device. Final rept. Aug 83-May 85,
University of Central Florida, Orlando. Coll. of Engi-
neering.
C. D. Cooper. Jun 85, 73p EPA/600/2-85/064
Grant EPA-R-810768
The report gives results of tests of a device that cata-
lytically oxidizes fuel to generate infrared (IR) radiation
as a new technology for paint drying and curing. During
;ts operation, the device (introduced by SUNKISS
Thermoreactors, Inc.) also oxidizes some of the paint
solvents that are evaporated in the oven, thus reduc-
ng overall emissions of volatile organic compounds
VOCs) into the atmosphere. The system used to test
he SUNKISS device was constructed at the University
3f Central Florida (UCF). It consists of flow control and
tieasuring devices, analytical equipment, and a 1 cu m
chamber in which the SUNKISS device was mounted.
Three paint solvents-hexane, methyl ethyl ketone
MEK), and toluene-were dispersed in air streams that
lowed through the test chamber at various rates. The
solvent destruction efficiency of the device was shown
to be a strong function of the air residence time in the
chamber, but was independent of VOC concentration.
Hexane and MEK behaved similarly, while toluene was
more reactive. Observed destruction efficiencies
ranged from < 20% to > 50%.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Infrared
radiation, "Dryers, "Paints, Drying oils, Catalysis, Sol-
vents, Hexane, Concentration(Composition), Perform-
ance evaluation. Methyl ethyl ketone, Toluene, Test
chambers, Curing, "Volatile organic compounds,
"SUNKISS devices.
PB85-215341/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Upconing ot a Salt-Water/Fresh-Water Interface
Below a Pumping Well. Final rept. Sep 83-Feb 85,
Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater.
J. Wagner, and D. Kent. Jun 85, 78p EPA/600/2-85/
066
Grant EPA-R-811142
Analytical solutions for the upconing of an abrupt salt-
water/fresh-water interface beneath a pumping well
and for the concentration profile across a moving inter-
face are developed for two types of upconing prob-
lems. The first considers the position of the interface
and the salinity of the pumped water for a specified
pumping rate. The second type of problem addresses
the pumping schedules to prevent salinization of a well
or to reach a predetermined salinity in the pumped
water. An interactive Fortran computer code has been
developed to obtain solutions to both types of prob-
lems. The user is provided with options to modify the
definition of a given problem, and, therefore, can gain
some insight into the effects of geometry and physical
properties on the rate and extent of upconing and the
salinization of a well.
Keywords: "Water wells, "Pumping, Mathematical
models, Fresh water, Salinity, Fortran, Computerized
simulation, Dispersing, Flow rate, Scheduling, "Saline
water-fresh water interfaces, "Upconing.
PB85-215408/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Fish Utilization of an Inundated Swamp-Stream
Floodplain. Final rept.,
East Carolina Univ., Greenville, NC. Dept. of Biology.
M. D. Walker. Jun 85, 82p EPA/600/3-85/046
Grant EPA-R-806988
The inundated floodplain of Creeping Swamp (Pitt
County, North Carolina) was sampled weekly for fish
374 Vol. 90, No. 24
from November 1979 through May 1980. The fish com-
munity was dominated by pirate perch and redfin pick-
erel. Other frequently occurring species included flier,
mud sunfish, eastern mudminnow, American eel,
banded sunfish, creek chubsucker, bowfin and
swampfish. Two-way fixed weir traps were the most ef-
fective fish collection devices for both the inundated
floodplain and the stream. Three environmental fac-
tors affected fish occurrence and movement water
level, water temperature and dissolved oxygen. Small
water level fluctuations caused large changes in the
amount of aquatic habitat. Fish movements were mini-
mal when water temperature was below 6C. Dissolved
oxygen was not a limiting factor on fish occurrence
during the wet season (typically December through
April) except in shallow areas of the floodplain.
Keywords: "Fishes, "Food plains, "Water pollution,
"Creeping swamp, Minnows, Eels, Perch, Tempera-
ture, Dissolved gases, Oxygen, Animal migrations,
Traps, Shallow water, Reproduction(Biology), "Wafer
levels, Pitt County(North Carolina), Habitats.
PB85-215705/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Cost Comparisons of Selected Technologies for
the Control of Sulfur Dioxide from Copper Smelt-
ers. Final rept.
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Jun 85, 284p EPA/600/2-85/068
Contract EPA-68-03-3197
The U.S. nonferrous metals production industry is a
significant contributor of sulfur dioxide, trace metal,
and particulate air emissions. Most of the domestic
copper smelting capacity is based on obsolescent
technology that is both capital-and energy-intensive
and hampered by considerable emission control prob-
lems. Because systems used to control sulfur dioxide
emissions also must remove particulate contaminants,
effective control of total particulate and trace element
emissions is accomplished as a 'byproduct' of sulfur
dioxide control. The sulfuric acid plant, when it can be
operated under autothermal conditions, is recognized
as the technology of choice for controlling sulfur diox-
ide emissions from smelters. Unfortunately, much of
the problem of sulfur dioxide control in the nonferrous
industry is associated with the weak sulfur dioxide off-
gas streams. Because weak sulfur dioxide streams do
not permit autothermal acid plant operation, they
cannot be economically controlled by acid plant tech-
nology. In copper smelting, the major sources of weak
sulfur dioxide off-gases are the reverberatory furnace
and multihearth roaster, followed by fugitive emissions
that emanate from the converter operation, matte tap-
ping, slag tapping, and ladle transfer. The status of de-
velopment and use of a number of technologies for
wet scrubbing and for process changes based on
oxygen smelting technologies were evaluated to deter-
mine which could be considered promising candidates
for near-term application for sulfur dioxide control at
domestic smelters. Cost models were developed for
those processes believed to be sufficiently promising
for such application.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Sulfur dioxide,
"Smelters, "Cost analysis, Particles, Trace elements,
Technology, Sources, Mathematical models, Oxygen
melting, Furnaces, Revision, Scrubbing, Process
charting, Design criteria, Capitalized costs, "Copper
smelters, "Air pollution economics, "Fugitive emis-
sions, Wet methods.
PB85-215713/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Model for Evaluation of Refinery and Synfuels
VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) Emission
Data. Volume 1. Technical Report and Appendix
A. Final rept. Jun 83-Sep 84,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
R. G. Wetherold, G. E. Harris, F. D. Skinner, and L. P.
Provost. May 85, 269pRAD-84-234-004-15, EPA/
600/7-85/022A
Contracts EPA-68-02-3171, EPA-68-02-3926
See also PB85-215721.
The report describes the development of a model for
estimating emissions of volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) from petroleum refineries and synfuel plants.
The model, responding to a need to define a consist-
ent and comprehensive approach for estimating VOC
emissions from these two sources, is a modular tech-
nique in which the entire spectrum of potential VOC
emissions sources was defined in a number of process
and utility modules. Each module represents a process
or auxiliary unit. The user of the model provides emis-
sion source counts and other process information, or
uses provided default values. Emissions are calculated
using emission factors for each source type. Detailed
examples of the application of the model to both refin-
eries and synfuel plants are presented. Such esti-
mates, of considerable interest to the EPA, industry,
and the public, are needed in the preparation and
review of Environmental Impact Statements (EIS) and
permits required by the Clean Air Act. Responding to
this need, several studies have been made of VOC
emissions, particularly from refineries. Methods for es-
timating VOC emissions and the results of VOC emis-
sions tests have been published in various journals
and at various forums.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Mathematical models, "Re-
fineries, "Petroleum industry, "Coal gasification,
Sources, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Per-
formance evaluation, Oil shale, Process charting, Stor-
age, Bagging, "Volatile organic compounds, "Coal liq-
uefaction, "Synthetic fuels industry, Emission factors.
Fugitive emissions, Point sources, Numerical solution.
PB85-215721/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Model for Evaluation of Refinery and Synfuels
VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) Emission
Data. Volume 2. Appendices B and C. Final rept.
Jun 83-Sep 84,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
R. G. Wetherold, G. E. Harris, F. D. Skinner, and L. P.
Provost. May 85,170pRAD-84-234-004-15, EPA/
600/7-85/022B
Contracts EPA-68-02-3171, EPA-68-02-3926
See alsoPB85-215713.
The report describes the development of a model for
estimating emissions of volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) from petroleum refineries and synfuel plants.
The model, responding to a need to define a consist-
ent and comprehensive approach for estimating VOC
emissions from these two sources, is a modular tech-
nique in which the entire spectrum of potential VOC
emissions sources was defined in a number of process
and utility modules. Each module represents a process
or auxiliary unit. The user of the model provides emis-
sion source counts and other process information, or
uses provided default values. Emissions are calculated
using emission factors for each source type. Detailed
examples of the application of the model to both refin-
eries and synfuel plants are presented. Such esti-
mates, of considerable interest to the EPA, industry,
and the public, are needed in the preparation and
review of Environmental Impact Statements (EIS) and
permits required by the Clean Air Act. Responding to
this need, several studies have been made of VOC
emissions, particularly from refineries. Methods for es-
timating VOC emissions and the results of VOC emis-
sions tests have been published in various journals
and at various forums.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Mathematical models, "Re-
fineries, "Petroleum industry, "Coal gasification,
Sources, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Per-
formance evaluation, Forms(Paper), Environmental
impacts, Petrochemistry, Oil shale. Process charting,
Storage, Bagging, Graphs(Charts), "Volatile organic
compounds, "Coal liquefaction, "Synthetic fuels indus-
try, Listings, Emission factors, Fugitive emissions.
Point sources, Numerical solution.
PB85-215960/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Characterization of Hazardous Waste Sites - A
Methods Manual. Volume 1. Site Investigations,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
P. J. Ford, and P. J. Turina. Apr 85,252p EPA/600/4-
84/075
Contract EPA-68-03-3050
See also PB84-126929. Prepared in cooperation with
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Site investigations is the first of three volumes of a
methods manual prepared to give guidance on infor-
mation gathering activities in support of the require-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Substances Pollution Contingency Plan. The National
Contingency Plan contains a seven-phase approach to
implementing the authority of the Comprehensive En-
vironmental Response, Compensation, and Liability
Act (CERCLA). Each phase represents a level of re-
sponse dependent upon the situation. Information
must be obtained to determine the appropriate level of
environmental response. Both remedial and enforce-
ment actions under CERCLA require reliable site infor-
mation. The volume describes approaches to obtain-
ing the information and follows a semi-chronological
order through subsequent phases of the National Con-
tingency Plan. These steps range for preliminary data
gathering, to site inspections, to large field investiga-
tions.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Manuals, "Solid
waste disposal, "Regulations. "Environmental sur-
veys, Sites, Inspection, Safety, Cost analysis, Field
tests, Decontamination, Protective clothing, "Compre-
hensive Environmental Response, Compensation and
Liability Act, "Waste management, Superfund pro-
gram, Toxic substances, Occupational safety and
health, Remedial actions.
PB85-216166/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
National Dioxin Study Tier 4 - Combustion
Sources: Initial Literature Review and Testing Op-
tions. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A. J. Miles, and J. A. Williams. Oct 84,221 p EPA/450/
4-84/014B
Contract EPA-68-02-3513
See also PB85-172336.
The objective of Tier 4 of the National Dioxin Study is
to determine if combustion sources emit significant
amounts of dioxins to the atmosphere. The literature
review was performed prior to the initiation of the Tier 4
dioxin emissions test program. The purpose of the lit-
erature review was to summarize the existing dioxin
emissions data base for combustion sources and to
develop a list of candidate source categories for the
test program. The literature review presents a summa-
ry of the available dioxin emissions data and discusses
factors affecting dioxin emissions from combustion
sources. A preliminary ranked list of source categories
recommended for the Tier 4 test program is presented,
along with an overview of the recommended testing
approach. A tabular summary of the dioxin emissions
data base and a comprehensive reference list are in-
cluded as appendices.
Keywords: "Combustion products, "Air pollution,
"Solid waste disposal, "Exhaust emissions, Chemical
properties, Reviews, Sources, Hazardous materials,
Concentration(Composition), Stoves, Incinerators,
Pesticides, Sampling, State government,
Tables(Oata), Wire products, Boilers, Forest fires,
Sewage sludge, Ranking, Agricultural wastes, Char-
coal, Dioxins, "Emission factors, "Air pollution sam-
pling, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Dibenzodioxins, List-
ings, Municipal wastes, Wood stoves,
Dioxin(Herbicides), Dibenzodioxin/tetrachloro, Diben-
zofurans, Dibenzofuran/tetrachloro, Polychlorinated
dibenzodioxins.
PB85-216497/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
National Dioxin Study Tier 4 - Combustion
Sources: Ash Sampling Program. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A. J. Miles, and R. F. Jongleaux. Jan 85,55p EPA/
450/4-84/014D
Contract EPA-68-02-3850
See also PB85-172344.
The document describes the Ash Sampling Program
that will be conducted at selected combustion sources
under Tier 4 of the National Dioxin Study. Flue gas ash
samples will be collected and analyzed for 2,3,7,8-te-
trachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8 TCDD), tetra-
through octa-polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins
(PCDD), and tetra- through octa-polychlorinated diben-
zofurans (PCDF). The activities that will be performed
by EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards,
the EPA Regional Offices, State and local agencies,
and the EPA contractor, Radian Corporation, in the
program are identified. Specific guidance is provided
for the organizations that will perform the field sam-
pling in the program.
Keywords: "Ash content, "Air pollution, Sampling,
Field tests, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Sources, State government, Sites, Chlorine organic
compounds,	* Dibenzodioxin/tetrachloro,
"Dioxin(Herbicides), "Air pollution sampling, Polychlo-
rinated dibenzodioxins, Polychlorinated dibenzofurans,
CAS 51207-31-9, Procedures.
PB85-216505/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Strategies for Water and Waste Reduction in
Dairy Food Plants. Final rept.,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus.
W. J. Harper, R. A. M. Delaney, I. A. Igbeka, M. E.
Parkin, and W. E. Schiffermiller. Jun 85, 314p EPA/
600/2-85/076
Grant EPA-R-803374
Prepared in cooperation with Kroger Co., Cincinnati,
OH.
A study was undertaken to reduce water and waste
discharges in a complex, multiproduct dairy food plant
through management control and modifications of
equipment and processes. The objectives were to de-
velop approaches that would be broadly applicable
throughout the dairy industry and to determine the
economic and environmental impacts of the programs
instituted. Detailed studies were made to determine
the plant areas contributing major waste loads and the
economic feasibility of reducing these loads. A Man-
agement control program was developed and imple-
mented over a 6-month period. The program included
major increases in direct supervision of waste control.
A Computer linear program was applied to the four
processing areas to determine economic factors in-
volved in wastewater discharges and to help select the
most economical process and equipment changes
that could be made.
Keywords: "Dairy products, "Food processing, "Waste
water reuse, Industrial plants, Revisions, Equipment,
Management. Economic factors, Feasibility, Reduc-
tion, Waste water, Computer programs, Maintenance,
Chemical engineering, Tank trucks, Milk, Losses,
Tables(Data), Savings, Dairy industry.
PB85-216513/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Proceedings of Conference on Inorganics in
Drinking Water and Cardiovascular Disease Held
at Amherst, Massachusetts, May 1985,
Massachusetts Univ., Amherst. Dept. of Public Health.
E. J. Calabrese, R. W. Tuthill, and L. Condie. Jun 85,
432p EPA/600/9-85/019
Grant EPA-R-810838
The publication contains the proceedings from the
Conference on Inorganic in Drinking Water and Cardio-
vascular Disease, sponsored by the U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency and held at the University of
Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, on May 1-3, 1984.
Papers include the following topics: influence of ele-
vated levels of sodium in drinking water on human
health, epidemiological and toxicological studies de-
scribing the relationship of hard water/soft water to
cardiovascular disease, uptake and availability of min-
erals from water, and research regulatory consider-
ations.
Keywords: "Meetings, "Cardiovascular diseases, "In-
organic compounds, Regulations, Sodium, Humans,
Epidemiology, Toxicology, Potable water, "Drinking
water.
PB85-216521/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
New Jersey Industrial Waste Study (Waste Projec-
tion and Treatment). Final rept.,
IT Enviroscience, Inc., Knoxville, TN.
R. E. White, T. Busmann, J. J. Cudahy, M. Foster, and
S. Meckstroth. May 85,122p EPA/600/6-85/003
Contract EPA-68-03-3027
The study demonstrates a procedure for projecting the
hazardous waste shipped off-site by industry. The pro-
jection system develops ratios of hazardous waste per
employee by SIC code. These ratios can be used to
estimate the hazardous waste shipped off-site for any
industrial area in the United States. Wastes are cate-
gorized for each SIC code, and treatment technology
options are designated for each classification. The
specific New Jersey Industrial Waste Study projects
that in five years New Jersey industry will ship 558,000
tons of hazardous waste off-site per year. The study in-
dicates that incineration with multi-purpose rotating
kilns would be the most practical method of treatment
for the largest amount of waste disposed of at a re-
gional facility. It is further indicated that secure landfill
will be needed, primarily for heavy metals. Economics
for treatment options are also presented.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Industrial wastes,
"Waste disposal. Forecasting, New Jersey, Cost effec-
tiveness, Site surveys, Economic analysis,
Tables(Data), "Off-site disposal, "Waste treatment,
"Waste management, SIC numbers.
PB85-216554/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Batch Pretreatment Process Technology for
Abatement of Emissions and Conservation of
Energy in Glass Melting Furnaces: Phase HA.
Process Design Manual. Final rept.,
Corning Glass Works, NY.
R. E. Miller, R. Raghavan, and R. R. Thomas. Jun 85,
123p EPA/600/2-85/073
Contract EPA-68-02-2640
See also PB81-175929. Prepared in cooperation with
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
A jointly funded project was formally initiated in 1977
by the Department of Energy, Corning Glass Works,
and the Environmental Protection Agency to develop
and demonstrate the capability of glass batch preheat-
ing for controlling glass manufacturing pollution while
reducing energy consumption. That project involved
preliminary laboratory studies and developed a proc-
ess design manual that defined only adequately
energy conservation potential. The recommendation
of that study indicated the need for additional research
to define the pollution capture potential of the concept.
This study carried out that recommendation by con-
ducting pollution capture studies on an operating com-
mercial regenerative furnace and packed bed using
agglomerated batch pellets. Also included are results
of the pollution capture potential of the bed when it is
electrostatically enhanced. Conclusions were devel-
oped on particulate pollution capture potential of the
packed bed with and without electrostatic enhance-
ment, on SOx capture efficiency, and on glass product
quality. The results of this study indicated that particu-
late capture capability ranges from 20 to 90 percent
depending on gas stream parameters. The SOx reduc-
tion efficiency was determined to range up to 95 per-
cent. These results could provide the basis for a larger
technology demonstration on a pilot glass furnace and
will decrease energy costs and risks in developing a
full-scale production system.
Keywords: "Batching, "Air pollution control, "Glass in-
dustry, "Sulfur oxides, "Nitrogen oxides, "Particles,
"Melting furnaces, "Manuals, Performance evaluation,
Design criteria, Experimental design, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, "Energy conservation, "Corning
Glass Works, "Electrified bed particulate collection de-
vices.
PB85-216562/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of New and Emerging Technologies in
the Metal Finishing Industry. Final rept. May 83-Dec
84,
University of Central Florida, Orlando. Coll. of Engi-
neering.
J. D. Dietz, and C. M. Cherniak. Jun 85,100p* EPA/
600/2-85/072
Prepared in cooperation with American Electroplaters'
Society, Inc., Winter Park, FL.
A research program was completed to identify new
and emerging waste management technologies in the
metal finishing industry. A limited field sampling and
analytical program was pursued to define performance
at full scale operating facilities for the following tech-
nologies: (1) buoyant media filtration - 3M; (2) Zerpol
zero liquid discharge; and (3) Zerpa distillation solvent
recovery. Information was developed regarding cost,
performance, safety, and applicability of these tech-
nologies. A preliminary evaluation of the processes
based on the limited testing indicated potential appli-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
cations of all three processes in segments of the metal
finishing industry.
Keywords: "Metal finishing, "Technology assessment.
Materials recovery, Electroplating, Industrial waste
treatment, "Waste management.
PB85-216570/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Design and Management of Subsurface Soil Ab-
sorption Systems. Final rept. Nov 77-Dec 79,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Small Scale Waste Man-
agement Program.
E. J. Tyler, W. C. Boyle, J. C. Converse, R. L. Siegrist,
and D. L. Hargett. Jun 85, 162p EPA/600/2-85/070
Grant EPA-R-805531
The results of two studies are reported: (1) the effects
of construction practices upon soil hydraulic proper-
ties; and (2) field examination of the effects of oper-
ational strategies upon soil infiltration properties. The
investigation of construction practices showed that
heavy machinery traffic significantly reduces the po-
rosity and infiltration rate of the bed. The degree of
damage varies with soil texture, structure, and mois-
ture content. Field trials demonstrated that a damaged
absorption bed can be restored by removal of the com-
pacted and sheared layers. The investigation of oper-
ational strategies consisted of three application meth-
ods, each employing three loading rates. Soils with
similar hydraulic properties and segregated and com-
bined wastewaters from typical rural single-family
homes were used.
Keywords: "Fluid infiltration, "Soils properties, "Septic
tanks, Adsorption, Construction, Traffic, Soil texture,
Damage, Hydraulics, Porosity, Loads(Forces), Design
criteria, Field tests, Wisconsin, Photographs,
Tables(Data), Sewage disposal.
PB85-216588/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Process Improvement Studies on the Battelle Hy-
drothermal Coal Process. Final rept. Apr 78-Apr 84,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
E. P. Stambaugh, J. F. Miller, H. N. Conkle, E. J.
Mezey, and R. K. Smith. Jun 85,260p EPA/600/7-85/
023
Contract EPA-68-02-2187
The report gives results of a study to improve the eco-
nomic viability of the Battelle Hydrothermal (HT) Coal
Process by reducing the costs associated with liquid/
solid separation and leachant regeneration. Laborato-
ry experiments were conducted to evaluate process
improvements for (1) separating the spent leachant
and residual sodium from the coal product, (2) reduc-
ing the moisture content of the coal product, and (3)
regenerating the leachant. In addition, coal desulfuri-
zation experiments were performed and economic
studies were conducted to evaluate the impacts of
process improvements on coal desulfurization costs.
Using countercurrent washing, the optimum washing
circuit was composed of four disc filter stages, six belt
filter stages to separate spent leachant and sodium
from the clean coal, and a centrifuge stage to dewater
the coal. Several regenerates were found to be effec-
tive in removing greater than about 85% of the total
sulfide sulfur from the spent leachant: iron carbonate
was the leading candidate.
Keywords: "Coal preparation, Desulfurization, Leach-
ing, Air pollution, Cost analysis, Separation, Process
charting, Moisture content, Centrifuging, Experimental
design, Revisions, Sulfur, Iron carbonates, Filtration,
Sodium, Calcium oxides, "Air pollution abatement,
"Battelle hydrothermal coal process. Waste process-
ing.
PB85-216S96/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Engineering Evaluation to Examine Air Pollution
Control Technology Used In Foreign Practice of
Steelmaking. Final rept. Sep 77-Feb 83,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
D W Coy, B. H. Carpenter, J. J. Spivey, and R. Jablin.
Jun 85,316p EPA/600/2-85/071
Contract EPA-68-02-2651
Prepared in cooperation with Jablin (Richard) and As-
sociates, Durham, NC.
The report gives results of a study to determine if tech-
nology used to capture and control fugitive dust emis-
sions in the foreign practice of steelmaking is superior
to that in use domestically. Where apparently superior
technology was identified, a feasibility study was per-
formed to show the technology's domestic applicabil-
ity. Roof-mounted electrostatic precipitators (REPs)
were identified as potentially superior technology.
Using engineering data from an existing U.S. basic
oxygen furnace shop and engineering design details
for a Japanese-supplied REP, costs of retrofitting the
technology to an existing plant were estimated along
with energy consumption, building modifications nec-
essary, utility and wastewater treatment needs, and
expected performance. A visible emissions evaluation
program was conducted in a Japanese steelmaking
plant to determine the effectiveness of REPs in captur-
ing and controlling fugitive emissions. REP electrical
performance data obtained during this program and
dust characteristics data from three fugitive dust
sources in steelmaking operations were input to an
electrostatic precipitator (ESP) computer model, and
estimated performance was calculated. Good agree-
ment was obtained between the actual measured per-
formance of the REP and the computer-predicted per-
formance for the source where the evaluation program
was performed.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Iron and
steel industry, "Dust control, "Electric arc furnaces,
Electrostatic precipitators, Performance evaluation, In-
dustrial wastes, Mathematical models, Feasibility,
Plumes, Leakage, Comparison, Field tests, Design cri-
teria, Oxygen melting, Fuel consumption, Water pollu-
tion control, Sources, "Foreign technology, "Fugitive
emissions, "Roof mounted electrostatic precipitators,
Computer applications.
PB85-216604/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Coal Sampling and Analysis: Methods and Models.
Final rept, Jul 82-May 84,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
A. Gleit, W. Moran, and A. Jung. Jun 85,190p EPA/
600/7-85/024
Contract EPA-68-02-3181
The report provides information on coal sampling and
analysis (CSD) techniques and procedures and pre-
sents a statistical model for estimating S02 emissions.
(New Source Performance Standards for large coal-
fired boilers and certain State Implementation Plans
require operators to monitor S02 flue gas emissions:
as an alternative to stack gas monitoring, sampling
and analysis of feed coal has been proposed to esti-
mate S02 emissions.) In particular, this study assess-
es the various coal sampling techniques and equip-
ment, the various sample preparation and analytic
methods, and common practices for CSA. It describes
the variables associated with the prediction of S02
emissions from CSA data; e.g., sulfur retention, varia-
bility, measuring errors, and auto-correlation. Finally, it
presents a time series model for predicting emissions
which takes into consideration the correlation of the
sulfur content of the coal, the measuring errors, and
the sampling procedures for coal collection. The
model is used to fit 53 data sets with little evidence of
non-fit.
Keywords: "Coal, "Chemical analysis, "Sampling,
"Mathematical models, "Time series analysis, "Sulfur
dioxide, Substitutes, Assessments, Forecasting, Air
pollution, Statistical analysis, Combustion products,
Standards, Field tests, Comparison, Performance
evaluation, Error analysis, Laboratory equipment,
Guidelines, Industrial wastes, Sulfur, "Chemical feed-
stocks, "Air pollution detection, "Air pollution sam-
pling, Coal fired power plants, Procedures, American
Society for Testing and Materials.
PB85-2166S3/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Selenium Removal from Drinking Water by Ion Ex-
change. Rept. for Sep 82-Sep 84,
California Univ., Richmond. Water Thermal and Chemi-
cal Technology Center.
J. E. Maneval, G. Klein, and J. Sinkovic. Jun 85, 73p
EPA/600/2-85/074
Strong-base anion exchangers were shown to remove
selenate and selenite ions from drinking water. Be-
cause selenium species are usually present at low
concentrations, the efficiency of removal is controlled
by the concentration of the common drinking water
anions, the most important being sulfate. The ion-ex-
change behavior of selenate was found to be identical
to that of sulfate, while the behavior of selenite was
found to be similar to that of nitrate. The local-equilibri-
um theory for ion-exchange columns produced good
results in predicting selenium removal capacities. Two
alternative methods of selenium removal were also in-
vestigated. Attempts to find reagents, compatible with
water treatment, that were capable of reducing sele-
nate to selenite (for which there are selective removal
methods) were unsuccessful. Screening experiments
showed that a weak-acid cation exchanger in the ferric
form selectively removed selenite from water contain-
ing the common drinking-water anions.
Keywords: "Selenium, "Water treatment, "Ion ex-
changing, Potable water, Chemical equilibrium, Substi-
tutes, Anion exchanging, Isotherms, Chemical proper-
ties.
PB85-217552/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Crankcase Emissions with Disabled PCV (Positive
Crankcase Ventilation) Systems. Final rept. Sep 84-
May 85,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
D. A. Montalvo, and C. T. Hare. Mar 85,55p EPA/460/
3-84/011
Contract EPA-68-03-3162
The report describes the laboratory testing of nine in-
use light-duty gasoline passenger cars using up to four
PCV disablement configurations. The nine vehicles in-
cluded 1975 to 1983 model years, with odometer read-
ings generally between 20,000 and 60,000 miles. No
two vehicles were identical in make and engine type,
and engine displacements ranged from 89 to 403 cu in.
The vehicles were tested over the 1975 Federal Test
Procedure, with sampling for crankcase HC conducted
during each individual cycle of the 3-bag FTP and
during the 10-minute hot soak. Emissions of crankcase
HC are provided in g/mi for the 3-bag FTP, and in g/
min for the 10-minute soak.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Gas analysis,
"Blowby, "Crankcases, Hydrocarbons, Sampling, Ex-
haust emissions, Motor vehicles, "Positive crankcase
ventilation systems, "Light duty vehicles, "Air pollution
detection, Flame ionization detectors.
PB85-217651/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Centralized Treatment of Metal Finishing Wastes
at a Cleveland Resource Recovery Park: Part 1.
Design and Costs. Part 2. Financing. Part 3. Site
Investigation,
Centec Corp., Reston, VA.
E. H. Comfort, P. Crampton, G. H. Cushnie, D. S.
Harrison, and J. Kresky. Jun 85, 296p EPA/600/2-85/
075
Contract EPA-68-03-2907
The report, in three parts, describes the characteristics
of the Cleveland (OH) area electroplating industry and
an approach and design for a centralized facility to
treat cyanide and heavy metal wastes generated by
this industry. The facility is termed the Resource Re-
covery Park. Part I examines the technical feasibility of
the concept, assessing the wastes of a number of plat-
ers in considerable detail and designing the treatment
and recovery processes to be applied to those wastes.
Part II presents the results of a marketing study intend-
ed to determine the incentives for individual plating
shops to participate in the system. Part II also details
the proposed management and financing plan, pro-
jecting an attractive rate of return to investors. Part III
describes an investigation of a particular site and the
accompanying design and costs.
Keywords: "Cyanides, "Electroplating, "Hazardous
materials, "Water pollution control, "STudge disposal,
"Materials recovery, "Metals, 'Waste treatment, Metal
finishing, Solid waste disposal, Industrial waste treat-
ment, Substitutes, Design criteria. Assessments, Fea-
sibility, Potable water, Return on Investments, Market-
ing, Cost analysis, Plant location, Site surveys, Financ-
ing, "Waste processing plants, "Heavy metals, 'Cen-
tralized treatment, "Resource recovery facilities.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB85-217669/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab -Duluth, MN.
Reproduction and Distribution of Fishes In a Cool-
ing Lake: Wisconsin Power Plant Impact Study,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Water Resources Center.
D. W. Rondorf, and J. F. Kitchell. Jun 85,69p EPA/
600/3-85/049
Grant EPA-R-803971
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Public Service
Corp., Green Bay, and Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Re-
sources, Madison
Spatial and temporal patterns during reproduction and
early lite history o1 fishes were studied in a manmade
cooling lake. Lake Columbia, impounded in 1974, near
Portage, Wisconsin, has an area of 190 ha, a mean
depth of 2.1 m, and a 15C temperature gradient de-
rived from the thermal effluent of a 527-MW fossil-
fueled generating station which began operating in
1975. The lake was initially colonized by fishes when
filled with Wisconsin River water. Observations sug-
gest a decline of species diversity of the fish communi-
ty due to direct action of upper lethal temperatures, ab-
sence of colonization by warm-water, lake-dwelling
species, and lack of recruitment for certain species.
Spatial and temporal patterns of spawning of black
crappie were altered by a rapid rise in water tempera-
tures following plant start-up after a three-week shut-
down. Elevated temperatures subsequently shortened
the spawning season, induced resorption of ova, and
caused loss of secondary sexual characteristics. After
initially drifting with water current, juvenile stages of
sunfish and gizzard shad responded to changes in the
thermal gradient by horizontal and vertical shifts in
abundance.
Keywords: "Cooling water, 'Fishes,
'Reproduction(Biology), 'Lake Columbia, "Thermal
pollution, Electric power plants, Temperature gradi-
ents, Abundance, Spatial distribution, Mortality, Statis-
tical data, Larvae, Assessments, Graphs(Charts), Wis-
consin, Coal-fired MHD generatores, Spawning.
PB85-217677/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Rersearch Triangle
Park, NC.
Bacteria of Public Health Significance Associated
with Fish Reared In Treated Wastewater. Final
rept. Nov 82-Dec 84,
Auburn Univ., AL. Oept. of Fisheries and Allied Aqua-
cultures.
D. P. Phelps. Jun 85, 77p EPA/600/1-85/012
The suitability of tertiary wastewater ponds for aqua-
culture was evaluated in terms of fish productions ob-
tained and the significance of bacteria in the
wastewater and from fish. Silver carp (Hypothalmichth-
yes molitrix) were stocked into tertiary wastewater
ponds at 10,000 fish per hectare and cultured five
months. Fish growth was determined monthly. Bacte-
rial evaluations of water and fish were made monthly.
Pour plates of the appropriate media were made to de-
termine total plate count, fecal conforms and fecal
streptococci. Enrichment procedures were used to iso-
late Salmonella. The relative abundance of selected
bacterial colony types was found over the course of
the experiment. Selected isolates were identified. Net
production of fish was 1,309.2 kg/ha with the average
weight of fish produced being 204.6 grams. Strepto-
coccus faecalis was the most common fecal strepto-
coccus from both water and fish.
Keywords: 'Fishes, "Water pollution, Public health,
Bacteria, Carp, Waste water, Ponds, Feces, Coliform
bacteria,Streptococcus, Salmonella, Growth, Abun-
dance, Tables(Data), "Hypothalmichthyes.
PB85-217966/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Report on the Implementation of Section 301(H).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Aug 84,99p EPA/430/9-84/007
The report summarizes program activities-administra-
tive, legal, technical, and decisionmaking-conducted
by EPA to fulfill the intent of Section 301 (h), from 1978
to mid 1984.
Keywords: 'Research management, 'Sewage treat-
ment, Requirements, Waste disposal, Decision
making, Legislation, Standards, Oxygen, Dissolved
gases, Salinity, Fishes, Animal diseases, Estuaries, In-
dustrial wastes, 'Clean Water Act and Amendments of
1981, Marine disposal, Ocean waste disposal, Sewage
treatment plants, Discharge(Water), Habitats.
PB85-218048/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Radioactivity Concentration Guides: A New Calcu-
lation of Derived Limits for the 1960 Radiation
Protection Guides Reflecting Updated Models for
Dosimetry and Biological Transport. Federal guid-
ance rept. no. 10,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
K. F. Eckerman, S. B. Watson, C. B. Nelson, D. R.
Nelson, and A. C. B. Richardson. Dec 84,169p EPA/
520/1-84/010
Prepared in cooperation with Oak Ridge National Lab.,
A comparison of the old RCGs endorsed in 1960 by
the Federal Radiation Council (FRC 1960) with the re-
vised RCGs presented in this report indicates that in
about 80% of the cases, changes in the numerical
values were not substantial, that is, less than a factor
of 4. However, some RCGs are altered substantially by
the new metabolic and dosimetric models, in particu-
lar, the lung and bone dosimetry models. Revisions in
half-life, nuclear decay data, uptake to body fluids, re-
tention in lung and body tissues, and energy deposition
estimates also contributed to changes in the RCGs for
a given radionuclide has not been revised substantial-
ly, it should not be concluded that the components of
its dosimetric analysis have not changed.
Keywords: 'Radioactivity, 'Guidance, 'Radiation pro-
tection, 'Health physics, Dosimetry, Dose rate, Dose
limits, Revisions.
PB85-218782/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Techniques for Treating Hazardous Wastes to
Remove Volatile Organic Constituents,
Research T riangle Inst., Research T riangle Park, NC.
C. C. Allen, and B. L. Blaney. Mar 85,24p EPA/600/D-
85/127
Contract EPA-68-03-3149
This paper discusses the potential for using commer-
cially available treatment techniques to remove VOCs
from hazardous waste streams and addresses some
of the issues associated with making waste treatment
a viable VOC emission control technique for hazard-
ous waste management facilities. It discusses the
waste streams of concern because of their volatile
constituents and describes potentially applicable treat-
ment techniques. The use of models for treatment
process design is described. Finally, the paper dis-
cusses treatment cost, treatment residuals and con-
siderations of importance in choosing where in the life
cycle of a hazardous waste stream to treat it.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Air pollution con-
trol, 'Waste disposal, 'Waste treatment, Mathematical
models, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Field
tests, Cost analysis, 'Volatile organic compounds,
'Waste management, 'Waste storage, Sludge dispos-
al, Solid wastes, Liquid wastes.
PB85-218790/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Treatment Research at the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency In Support of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act Landfill Ban Pro-
vision,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
R. A. Olexsey, and E. T. OppeTt. 1985,15p EPA/600/
D-85/124
With the authorization of the Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1984, the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) was required to ban
the disposal of hazardous waste to the land. The Con-
gressional mandate to ban was accompanied by a de-
cision or 'hammer' date for each waste type. By the
'hammer' date, EPA must ban the targeted waste
stream or determine that a temporary extension of the
ban implementation date is warranted since insuffi-
cient alternative waste treatment capability exists.
Therefore, EPA must have adequate knowledge of ex-
isting alternative (to land disposal) treatment technol-
ogies. The Agency must have data on the technical ca-
pabilities of alternative technologies, on the existing
capacities of such technologies, and on the abilities of
such technologies to accommodate targeted waste
streams within the 'hammer' dates. The paper de-
scribes the role that EPA's Office of Research and De-
velopment is playing in supporting the Agency's delib-
eration with respect to the landfill ban provisions. Re-
search programs that are currently being carried out
are described in detail. Program plans for future years
are also discussed.
Keywords: 'Earth fill, "Solid waste disposal, 'Regula-
tions, 'Law(Jurisprudence), 'Substitutes, Research
projects, Incinerators, Performance evaluation, Stand-
ards, Chemical stabilization, "Resource conservation
and recovery act, 'Land disposal, Physical treatment,
Physical chemical treatment, Chemical treatment. Bio-
logical processes.
PB85-218808/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Feasibility Study of Enhanced Combustion Via Im-
proved Wood Stove Firebox Design. Rept. for Dec
84-Mar 85,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
K. T. Fuentes, L. J. Hodas, and M. C. Osborne. 1985,
36p EPA/600/D-85/133
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
The paper gives results of an examination of materials
that might be used within the firebox of a wood-burning
stove to produce more uniform and complete combus-
tion. Although many materials were initially consid-
ered, refractory materials appear to possess the quali-
ties desired relative to heat transfer, resistance to the
firebox environment, availability, and cost. Further in-
vestigation of specific refractory materials has been
carried out, resulting in a listing of material properties
of potentially useful refractories and a determination of
relative installed costs. Basic heat transfer calcula-
tions were used to determine the effects of the addi-
tion of refractory materials in the firebox. The use of re-
fractory materials permitted an increase in stove inner
wall temperatures and an increased cooldown time for
a stove. The study showed that refractory materials
could aid in maintaining internal firebox temperatures
above the ignition temperatures of common emis-
sions. This would not be a practical operational mode
for an uninsulated stove. The study concluded that
there is a need for actual testing to confirm the results
cited in this study.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Stoves, "Materials
tests, "Refractory materials, "Combustion chambers,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Combustion
control, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Heat
transfer, Tables(Data), Residential buildings, "Wood
burning appliances, Listings.
PB85-218816/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Emission Control Effectiveness of a Woodstove
Catalyst and Emission Measurement Methods
Comparison,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
R. C. McCrillis, and R. G. Merrill. 1985,19p EPA/600/
D-85/132
The paper gives results of measurements of emissions
from a prototype catalytic and a generic noncatalytic
stove over a range of burnrates. For the catalytic
stove, simultaneous EPA Modified Method 5 (MM5)
samples were obtained before the catalyst and in the
stack. For both stoves, Oregon Method 7 (OM7) and
Condar dilution samplers (CDS) were operated simul-
taneously with the MM5 train at the stack location.
Volatile organic samples were obtained by integrated
bag sampler at the stack location. Results show a gen-
erally predictable correlation between MM5, OM7 and
CDS results. Emission rates, based on MM5, were
about twice those based on OM7 and CDS. Catalyst
emission reduction effectiveness (by MM5) ranged
from 72 to 98%. Catalyst inlet emissions appear to be
affected by the test sequence: a high burnrate test pro-
duced higher emissions when preceded by a low burn-
rate test than when preceded by a high burnrate test.
Volatile organic emissions were about the same at all
burnrate on the catalytic stove and at low burnrates on
the noncatalytic stove. At a high burnrate, the noncata-
lytic stove produced substantially less. All MM5 sam-
ples tested positive for polynuclear aromatic hydrocar-
bons.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Stoves, 'Catalysts,
'Burning rate, Comparison, Aromatic polycyclic hydro-
carbons, Residential buildings, Sources, Sampling,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Performance evaluation, Chemical analysis, Particles,
Concentration(Composition), 'Wood burning appli-
ances, 'Volatile organic compounds, 'Air pollution
sampling, "Air pollution detection, EPA method 5, EPA
method 7.
PBS5-218824/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)-
Sponsored Epidemiological Studies of Health Ef-
fects Associated with the Treatment and Disposal
of Wastewater and Sewage Sludge,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
W. Jakubowski. 1985,18p EPA/600/D-85/092
Since 1975 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
has sponsored 11 epidemiological studies of the po-
tential health effects associated with the treatment
and disposal of sewage and sewage sludge. Three of
these have been occupational exposure studies: One
of sewage treatment plant employees, one of irrigation
workers, and one of sludge composting workers. Four
studies have involved populations living in the vicinity
of activated sludge sewage treatment plants. Three
studies concerned land application of wastewater for
agricultural purposes, and the final study was of farm
families utilizing digested sewage sludge on cropland.
The design, results, interpretations, conclusions and
costs of these studies are reviewed and discussed.
Final analyses on two of the studies have not yet been
completed. The preponderance of data was negative,
but this has to be viewed with respect to the inherent
problems in quantifying exposure of the involved popu-
lations and the absence of a clear end point for meas-
uring an effect.
Keywords: "Aerosols, "Sewage treatment, "Sludge
disposal, "Epidemiology, "Industrial medicine, "Water
pollution, "Public health, Hazardous materials, Activat-
ed sludge process, Farm crops, Composts, Risk,
Microorganisms, Air pollution, Potable water, Viruses,
Maintenance, Irrigation, Populations, "Sewage sludge,
"Occupational safety and health, "Toxic substances.
PB85-218832/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Metal-induced Inhibition of Glutathione S-Trans-
ferases,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.	M
E.J. Massaro. 1985,20p EPA/600/D-85/091
The glutathione S-transferases comprise a group of
multi-functional enzymes involved in the biotransfor-
mation/detoxication of a broad spectrum of hydropho-
bic compounds bearing an electrophilic center. The
enzymes facilitate the nucleophilic attack of the -SH
group of reduced glutathione (GSH) on the electrophi-
lic centers of appropriate substrates which is the first
step in the physiological formation of mercapturic
acids. In mammals, GSH-Tr activity has been demon-
strated in the cytosolic and, in some cases, microso-
mal fractions of the cells of various organs. In the liver,
these enzymes constitute from 3-10% of the cytosolic
proteins. With the possible exception of the erythro-
cyte, GSH-Tr exists in cells in multiple molecular
forms. It has been reported that the isozymes GSH-Tr
can be distinguished from one another by their sub-
strate specificities.
Keywords: "Enzyme inhibitors, 'Metals, "Environmen-
tal surveys, "Toxicity, "Complex compounds, Bioas-
say, Substrates, Ions, Antioxidants, Detoxication,
"Heavy metals, "Enzyme activity, "Alkenetransfer-
ases/glutathione, "Aryltransferases/glutathione,
Enzyme supports, Biotransformation.
PB85-218840/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Factors Determining the In vitro Response of
Rodent Embryos to Teratogens,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Medi-
cine.
T W Sadler, C. W. Warner, S. A. Tulis, and M. K.
Smith. 1985,20p EPA/600/D-85/063
Four teratogens, with different modes of action and
pharmacological properties, were selected and investi-
gated in the embryo culture system. The compounds
included hydroxyurea (HU), cadmium (Cd), diphenylhy-
dantoin (DPH), and cyclophosphamide (CPP). The
overall goal of the study was to characterize the re-
sponse of early stage (2-6 somites) mouse and rat em-
bryos to these agents in an effort to test the potential
of utilizing the system of whole embryo culture for
basic teratological and toxicological investigations and
as a screening technique for teratogens. The paper
summarizes the results of studies with these 4 com-
pounds.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Bioassay, In vitro analysis,
Mice, Rats, Embryos, Laboratory animals, Cadmium,
"Teratogenesis, Animal models, Hydroxyurea, Hydan-
toin/diphenyl, Cyclophosphamide.
PB85-218857/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
In vivo Metabolism, Disposition and Macromole-
cular Binding of 1-Nitro (14C) Pyrene Vapor-
Coated onto Diesel Particles,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. M. Ball, M. A. Jackson, L. C. King, and J. Lewtas.
1985, 16p EPA/600/D-85/064
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Health
Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park,
NC., and North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of
Environmental Sciences and Engineering.
The potent mutagen and environmental pollutant 1-ni-
tropyrene (NP) labeled with 14C and vapour-phase-
coated onto diesel particles (14C-NP-DP; 380 ppm NP;
0.85 microCi/mg particles) was administered to rats (5
mg each) by oral or by intratracheal instillation. 6-Hy-
droxy-N-acetyl-1-aminopyrene was previously found to
be the metabolite responsible for the majority of the
mutagenic activity in the urines of rats injected with
pure NP, Phenols of NP itself were also identified, both
free and conjugated, representing 1-5% of the urinary
14C. The extent of urinary excretion indicated that NP
was readily bioavailable from the dose remained in the
lung 24 h alter intratracheal instillation, and 5 to 15%
of that 14C appeared to be bound to protein. Since NP
has previously been shown to bind to lung DNA and
protein in vitro, these results indicate that this organ
might be particularly exposed in vivo and therefore vul-
nerable to possible genotoxic damage by NP. This is
an abstract of a proposed presentation and does not
necessarily reflect U.S. EPA policy.
Keywords: "In vivo analysis, "Exhaust emissions,
"Particles, "Mutagens, Isotopic labeling, Laboratory
animals, Carbon 14, Air pollution, Public health, Metab-
olism, In vitro analysis, Dosage, Toxicity,
Concentration(Composition), Chemical bonds, "Envi-
ronmental health, "Pyrene/nitro, "Diesel engine ex-
haust, "Air pollution effects(Humans), Toxic sub-
stances, High performance liquid chromatography.
PB85-21886S/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Mutagen Isolation Methods: Fractionation of Resi-
due Organics from Aqueous Environmental Sam-
ples,
Cincinnati Univ. Medical Center, OH. Inst, of Environ-
mental Health.
M. W. Tabor, and J. C. Loper. 1985,34p EPA/600/D-
85/062
Grant EPA-R-810792
A basic assessment of the mutagenic activity of organ-
ic residues from water entails application of the Salmo-
nella test to both the parent residue mixture and to
major subfractions obtained by reverse phase and/or
normal phase HPLC. Such analyses overcome the
presence in particular residue mixtures of components
which are antagonistic or toxic for the bioassay. When
applied to residues obtained by various procedures,
the method reveals a wide range of mutagenic activity
among environmental waters, depending upon the
source of the water sample, the apparent types of nat-
ural and anthropogenic compounds it contains, and
the water processing and disinfection procedures used
in its treatment. Through combinations of specific mu-
tagenic bioassays plus sequential analytical and pre-
parative HPLC fractionations, the method has been
shown to be applicable for the isolation of mutagens
from residues of a variety of environmental waters.
Keywords: "Mutagens, "Organic compounds, "Water
pollution, Tests, Salmonella, Toxicity. Distillation, Bio-
assay, Disinfection, Water treatment, Residues, Sepa-
ration.
PB85-218873/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Role of Acetylcholine in Rhythmic Spontaneous
Contractions of Rat's Duodenal Smooth Muscle.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
E. R. Whitcomb, and A. Stead. 1985, 7p EPA/600/J-
85/067
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 34, n3 p476-480 Mar 85.
The purpose of the study is to reexamine the role of
endogenous acetylcholine in spontaneous contrac-
tions of smooth muscle whose contractions are asso-
ciated with cell metabolism. The study does not at-
tempt to define the role of endogenous acetylcholine.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Physiological effects, Mus-
cles, Cells(Biology), Metabolism, Reprints, "Acetic
acid/(choline-ester).
PB85-218881/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Gas Chromatographic/Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectrometric Identification of Hazardous Waste
Extract Components. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
D. F. Gurka, and L. D. Betowski. 1982,8p EPA/600/J-
82/444
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry 54, n11 p1819-1824 Sep
82.
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976
(RCRA) and its amendments require the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency to institute a program to
control hazardous waste. Implementation of the RCRA
will require reliable monitoring tools for the character-
ization of a broad spectrum of hazardous wastes. Ac-
cordingly, the capability of packed column gas chro-
matography/Fourier transform infrared spectrometry
(GC/FT-IR) using the Gas Infrared Fourier Transform
Software (GIFTS) to analyze complex hazardous
waste extracts was tested. These extracts were also
analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
(GC/MS) and the on-line library search results for both
techniques were compared. GC/FT-IR was a powerful
tool for aromatic isomer differentiation in these com-
plex wastes. The GIFTS on-line library search correctly
identified poorly resolved gas chromatographic efflu-
ent components. The magnitude of the GIFTS hit
index difference between tne first and second library
search hits is a reliable indicator of the search validity.
The combination of GC/FT-IR and GC/MS may pro-
vide the identification of all volatile components in
complex environmental extracts.
Keywords: "Infrared spectroscopy, 'Hazardous mate-
rials, "Pollution control, "Gas chromatography, "Mass
spectroscopy, Extraction, Chemical analysis, Informa-
tion systems, Search structuring, Information retrieval
effectiveness, Solid waste disposal, Reprints, "Fourier
transform spectroscopy, "Resource conservation and
recovery act, "Volatile organic compounds.
PB85-218899/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Method for Early Life-Stage Toxicity Tests Using
Three Atherlnid Fishes and Results with Chlorpyr-
Ifos,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
L. R. Goodman, D. J. Hansen, D. P. Middaugh, G. M.
Cripe, and J. C. Moore. 1985,13p EPA/600/D-85/116
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment,
ASTM STP 854, p1445-154 1985.
The authors have developed methods tor obtaining
embryos and conducting early life-stage toxicity tests
(continuous exposure from the embryonic stage to ap-
proximately three weeks or more into the exogenous
feeding stage) with three estuarine species of atherinid
fishes. Early life-stage tests were conducted for 28-d
with Menidia beryllina, M. menidia, and M. peninsulae
and the insecticide chlorpyrifos. Responses of the
three species were very similar: upper chronic values
('effect' concentrations) ranged from 0.48 to 1.8 micro-
grams chlorpyrifos/l and lower chronic values ( no
effect' concentrations) ranged from 0.28 to 0.75 micro-
grams/I. Chlopyrifos exposure did not affect survival of
embryos to hatching which averaged 91 to 93% for
each species. From these three species, toxicologists
may select an Atlantic or Gulf Coast species that
occurs in either high or low salinity.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Marine fishes, "Toxicity, "Insecticides, Life
cycles, Embryos, Minnows, Phosphorothioates, Sur-
vival, Concentration(Composition), Exposure, "Durs-
ban, "Menidia, Atlantic Coast(United States), Gulf
Coast(United States), Phosphorothioic acid/(diethy(-
ester)-(trichloro-pyridyl).
PB85-218907/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Current Research of the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency on Automotive Criteria Pollutants,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. A. Graham, D. H. Horstman, V. A. Benignus, and R.
S. Dyer. 1985,17p EPA/600/D-85/108
The HERL conducts a variety of investigations of the
health effects of air pollutants to serve as criteria for
the reevaluation of National Ambient Air Quality Stand-
ards. Human clinical studies include research on the
effects of: (1) ozone (03) and nitrogen dioxide (N02)
on exercising healthy adults, asthmatics, males vs. fe-
males, and blacks vs. whites; (2) 03 and N02 on pul-
monary cell biology and immunology; (3) carbon mon-
oxide (CO) on cardiovascular physiology of patients
with ischemic heart disease; and (4) CO on neurophy-
siology. Human research also includes investigation of
the mechanisms of the effects of 03 and N02 and the
relationship between rate of exposure to CO and the
level of carboxyhemoglobin formation and effects. The
neurophysiological effects of lead are being investigat-
ed in humans and monkeys. Animal studies with 03
and N02 include: (1) evaluation of the progression of
chronic lung disease during chronic exposure, (2) de-
termination of the effects on antiviral lung diseases,
and (3) investigation of the mechanisms of effects.
Quantitative animal-to-man extrapolation models for
03 and N02 focused on dosimetry and species sensi-
tivity, are under development.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, Public health, Exposure, Ozone, Nitrogen diox-
ide, Carbon monoxide, Lead(Metal), Toxicology, Labo-
ratory animals, Respiratory diseases, Mathematical
models, Extrapolation, Experimental design, Asthma,
Neurology, "Air pollution effects(Humans), "National
ambient air quality standards, "Air pollution
effects(Animals), "Automobile exhaust, "Environmen-
tal health, Chemical reaction mechanisms.
PB85-218915	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Arsenic Trioxlde Inhalation Exposure
on Pulmonary Antibacterial Defenses In Mice.
Journal article,
IIT Research Inst., Chicago, IL. Life Sciences Re-
search Div.
C. Aranyi, J. N. Bradof, W. J. O'Shea, J. A. Graham,
and F. J. Miller. C1985,12p EPA/600/J-85/066
Grants EPA-R-807434, EPA-R-806730
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health
15, n1 p163-172 Feb 85.
The effects of single and multiple (5 and 20) 3 hr inha-
lation exposures to aerosols of arsenic trioxide on the
pulmonary defense system of mice were investigated.
Arsenic trioxide mist was generated from an aqueous
solution and dried to produce particulate aerosols of
0.4 micrometers MMAO. Aerosol mass concentration
ranged from 125 to 1000 ug As/sq.m. Effects of the
exposures were evaluated by determination of
changes in susceptibility to experimentally induced
streptococcal aerosol infection and in pulmonary bac-
tericidal activity to 35 S Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Bacterial diseases, Respirato-
ry system, Mice, Laboratory animals, Inhalation, Expo-
sure, Reprints, "Arsenic trioxide, "Air pollution
effects(Animals).
PB85-218923	Not available NTIS
Effects of Copper and Cadmium on Growth,
Swimming and Predator Avoidance in 'Euryte-
mora afflnls' (Copepoda). Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
B K Sullivan, E. Buskey, D. C. Miller, and P. J. Ritacco.
Cl 983,10p ERLN-272, EPA/600/J-83/297
Prepared in cooperation with Rhode Island Univ.,
Kingston. Graduate School of Oceanography.
Pub. in Marine Biology 77, p299-306 1983.
This study demonstrates the sensitivity of swimming
behavior and predator-escape responses of nauplii of
the estuarine copepod Eurytemora affinis to sublethal
doses of Cu and Cd. Behavior was generally altered at
metal doses below those affecting growth rates or sur-
vival of the copepods. Swimming velocities of Cu-
dosed nauplii were different from controls at all con-
centrations of Cu tested (10-50 micrograms/l total Cu)
after 24- to 48-h exposure, whereas development rate
of nauplii was significantly reduced only after 96h at 25
micrograms/l. The 96h LC50 for Cu was approximately
30 micrograms/l Cu. Naupliar swimming velocity was
also affected by Cd. Reduced numbers of escape re-
sponses of naurpii to a simulated predator, another in-
dication of increased vulnerability to predation, were
observed only after 48h exposure to Cu.
Keywords: "Copper, "Cadmium, "Crustacea, "Toxicity,
"Water pollution, "Estuaries, Growth, Animal behavior,
Swimming, Mortality, Dosage, Responses, Reprints,
"Eurytemora affinis, Predation.
PBS5-218931	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency. Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Water Corrosivity Using the Lange-
lier Index and Relative Corrosion Rate Models.
Journal article,
Florida Univ., Gainesville.
R. A. Pisigan, and J. E. Singley. C1985,13p EPA/600/
J-85/056
Grant EPA-R-805400
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Science
and Engineering, Inc., Gainesville, FL.
Pub. in Materials Performance 24, n4 p26-36 Apr 85.
The corrosive behaviors of waters with different calci-
um carbonate saturation indexes were evaluated using
mild steel in jar tests that utilized a weight loss method.
The corrosivity of the waters was assessed to deter-
mine whether the Langelier index, widely used in the
drinking water industry, is a reliable indicator of a
water's corrosive potential. (Copyright (c) 1985 Nation-
al Association of Corrosion Engineers,)
Keywords: "Corrosion, "Potable water, Corrosion
tests, Reprints, "Langelier index.
PB85-218949	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Identity and Yields of Major Halogenated Prod-
ucts of Aquatic Fulvlc Acid Chlorination. Journal
article
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
R. F. Christman, D. L. Norwood, D. S. Millington, J. D.
Johnson, and A. A. Stevens. c19B3,6p EPA/600/J-
83/298
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v17
n 10 p625-628 Oct 83.
Chlorination of fulvic acid isolated from a natural sur-
face water produces a variety of C1 to C4 aliphatic
acids in addition to chloroform. Yields of the four prin-
cipal reaction products, trichloroacetic acid, chloro-
form, dichloroacetic acid, and dichlorosuccinic acid are
approximately 14 wt % of starting organic material and
account for 53% of the total organic halogen. No halo-
genated aromatic products were identified. This ap-
pears to be the first reported quantitation of unambig-
uously identified major chlorination products, which ac-
counts for the majority of the total organic halogen. An
isotope dilution GC/MS method for the determination
of aqueous trichloroacetic acid is also described.
(Copyright (c) 1983 American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: "Chlorination, "Surface waters, "Water
treatment, 'Water analysis, Potable water, Chloro-
form, Chemical analysis, Water pollution, Halogen or-
ganic compounds, Gas chromatography, Mass spec-
troscopy, Separation, Reprints, "Fulvic acids, "Water
pollution detection, Acetic acid/trichloro, Acetic acid/
dichloro, Succinic acid/dichloro, Isotope dilution tech-
niques.
PB85-218956	Not available NTIS
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Airborne Trace Elements in Great Smoky Moun-
tains, Olympic, and Glacier National Parks. Journal
article,
Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA.
C. I. Davidson, W. D. Goold, T. P. Mathison, G. B.
Wiersma, and K. W. Brown. c1984,11p EPA/600/J-
85/068
Prepared in cooperation with EG and G Idaho, Inc.,
Idaho Falls.
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v19
n1 p27-35 Feb 85.
Airborne trace elements were studied at remote sites
in three U.S. National Parks where crustal weathering,
sea spray, and long-range transport of anthropogenic
emissions were likely to influence concentrations.
Levels of all elements studied except Pb were smaller
in Great Smoky Mountains National Park than in Olym-
pic or Glacier Parks. Size distribution and Teflon plate
dry deposition data showed that elements derived
from crustal weathering were associated with larger
particles and had greater dry deposition velocities than
elements that were enriched relative to crustal compo-
sition. The bulk of the mass deposition of each ele-
ment resulted from the small fraction of large airborne
particles. On the basis of the dry deposition data, as
well as concentration data obtained within and above
the forest canopy, it is hypothesized that airborne par-
ticles may undergo successive deposition/resuspen-
sion processes during transport from source to ulti-
mate sink, complicating the measurement of net influx
of a species into a region from upwind areas. (Copy-
right (c) 1984 American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: "Trace elements, "Transport properties,
"National parks, "Air pollution, Sites, Particle size dis-
tribution, Sources, Concentration(Composition), Fore-
casting, Wind(Meteorology), Metals, Sampling, Ex-
haust emissions, Industrial wastes, Metals, Weather-
ing, Reprints, "Air pollution sampling, "Air quality, Dry
deposition, Smoky Mountains National Park, Heavy
metals, Glacier National Park, Olympic National Park,
Sinks(Biosphere).
PB85-218964/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Subcellular Ions by X-ray Microanalysis for Evi-
dence of Hepatotoxicity,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
J. R. Millette, A. L. Allenspach, and P. J. Clark. 1985,
7p EPA/600/D-85/093
Prepared in cooperation with Miami Univ., Oxford, OH.
Dept. of Zoology.
The hypothesis that the influx of extracellullar Ca2 +
across a damaged plasma membrane is the final
common pathway for chemically mediated cell death
has stirred considerable controversy and continued in-
terest in the study of subcellular ion shifts as sensitive
indicators of hepatotoxicity caused by environmental
pollutants. A number of studies have shown that in-
creases in hepatic mitochondrial calcium result from
the ingestion of carbon tetrachloride. Quantitative
measurement of calcium in subcellular components
was accomplished in early studies by using techniques
involving whole tissue homogenation and fractionation
by centrifugation. In the study x-ray microanalysis of
quick-frozen liver tissue, cryo-sectioned for the elec-
tron microscope, provided an alternative approach to
studying subcellular ion distribution.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Hepatotoxicity, "Diagnostic
agents, "Ion shifts.
PB85-219350	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Effect of Eight Outer Continental Shelf Drilling
Muds on the Calcification Rate and Free Amino
Acid Pool of the Coral 'Acropora cervicornls'.
Journal article,
Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Dept. of Ocean-
ography.
E. N. Powell, J. J. Kendall, S. J. Connor, C. E. Zastrow,
and T. J. Bright. C1984,13p EPA/600/J-84/304
Grant EPA-R-806793
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 33, p362-3721984.
The study describes an assessment of the relative tox-
icity of a number of drilling muds slated for marine dis-
posal on the coral Acropora cervicornis. The data do
not suggest that a single toxic agent present in all the
tested muds was responsible for the observed effects
in A. cervicornis but rather that toxic agents vary con-
siderably among the muds. For corals, a priori predic-
tions of toxicity from chemical analysis remain an elu-
sive goal. (Copyright (c) 1984 Springer-Verlag New
York Inc.)
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Coral, 'Drilling fluids, "Water pollution,
"Toxicity, Tests. Offshore drilling. Reefs, Exposure,
Turbidity, Recovery, Continental shelves, Proteins,
Amino acids, Reprints, "Ocean waste disposal, Marine
disposal, "Acropora cervicornis.
PB85-219368	Not available NTIS
Comparison of Priority Pollutant Response Fac-
tors for Triple and Single Quadrupole Mass Spec-
trometers. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
A. D. Sauter, L. D. Betowski, and J. M. Ballard. C1983,
6p EPA/600/J-83/303
Prepared in cooperation with Lockheed Engineering
and Management Services Co., Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v55 n1 p116-119 Jan 83.
Seventy-four percent of the electron impact GC/MS
response factors (RF) determined on a triple quadru-
pole mass spectrometer for 53 extractable priority pol-
lutants were found to be within + or - 15 percent of
values determined in an independent interlaboratory
single quadrupole GC/MS study. Furthermore, the RF
values were shown to be independent of whether qua-
drupole Q1 or quadrupole Q3 was scanned. The preci-
sion of RF determinations for 53 extractable priority
pollutants (mean relative standard deviation 11.9 per-
cent) was found to be similar to that previously pub-
lished for routine GC/MS multianalyte RF determina-
tions.
Keywords: 'Mass spectrometers, 'Quality assurance,
"Environmental surveys, Stability, Chemical analysis.
Gas chromatography, Performance evaluation, Com-
parison, Laboratory equipment, Standards, Reprints,
Relative sensitivity factors, 'Quadrupole mass spec-
trometers.
PB85-219376	Not available NTIS
Capability of GC/FT-IR to Identify Toxic Sub-
stances in Environmental Sample Extracts. Journal
article.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
D. F. Gurka, P. R. Laska, and R. Titus. C1982,12p
EPA/600/J-82/445
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas, Dept. of Chemistry.
Pub. in Jnl. of Chromatographic Science, v20 p145-
154 Apr 82.
The minimum identifiable quantities of 55 toxic sub-
stances have been determined by packed column gas
chromatography/Fourier transform infrared spectros-
copy (GC/FT-IR) at conditions compatible with envi-
ronmental extract analysis. Identification of each GC
effluent component was accomplished with an IR re-
constructed chromatogram, subsequent interferogram
transformation, and on-line library search. GC/FT-IR
exhibited its greatest sensitivity to aliphatic and aro-
matic organic compounds containing carbonyl or other
oxygenated functional groups and its poorest sensitivi-
ty to alkyl halides and aromatic hydrocarbons. GC/FT-
IR sensitivity was inversely proportional to the light
pipe temperature. Extracts of the residue from a chem-
ical plant still bottom were injected into the GC/FT-IR
system, and the separated components were identi-
fied by utilizing an infrared reconstructed chromato-
gram (IRC) to locate interferogram files of high signal-
to-noise ratio. Oeconvolution techniques were used to
separate the contributions of co-eluting IRC peaks. In-
terferogram files were then co-added and transformed.
An on-line library search of 2300 vapor-phase infrared
spectra provided sufficient chemical functionality infor-
mation to identify most of the extract components.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Gas chromatog-
raphy, 'Chemical analysis, Infrared spectroscopy. Ex-
traction, Feasibility, Assessments, Search structuring,
Information systems, Reprints, 'Toxic substances,
'Fourier transform spectroscopy, 'Computer aided
analysis. Listings, Computer applications.
PB8S-219384	Not available NTIS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Analysis of Dispersion in a Stratified Aquifer. Jour-
nal article,
Auburn Univ., AL. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
O. Gueven, F. J. Molz, and J. G. Melville. C1984,21p
EPA/600/J-84/310
Grant EPA-R-810704
Pub. in Water Resources Research 20, n10 p1337-
1354 Oct 84.
The dispersion of a conservative solute produced as a
result of vertical variations of hydraulic conductivity in
a horizontal stratified aquifer of finite thickness is ana-
lyzed by applying the moment method of Aris to solve
the governing advection-dispersion equation describ-
ing mass transport. In the analysis it is assumed that
the aquifer is of constant thickness and of infinite later-
al extent, the hydraulic conductivity is a known function
of the vertical coordinate only, and the flow is unidirec-
tional, parallel to the stratification. An important con-
clusion from the analyses is that nonuniformities in the
hydraulic conductivity profile which persist over long
distances may produce rather large values of longitudi-
nal macrodispersivity which are comparable to those
observed in some aquifers and which are much larger
than those predicted by some previous stochastic
analyses. (Copyright (c) 1984 by the American Geo-
physical Union.)
Keywords: 'Solutes, 'Aquifers, 'Water pollution, 'Dis-
persions, Mathematical models, Mass flow, Thickness,
Advection, Seepage, Ground water, Hydraulic conduc-
tivity, Reprints.
PB85-219392	Not available NTIS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Sampling Tubing Effects on Groundwater Sam-
ples. Journal article,
Illinois State Water Survey Div., Champaign.
M. J. Barcelona, J. A. Helfrich, and E. E. Garske.
c1985,7p EPA/600/J-85/043
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry 57, n2 p460-464 Feb 85.
Volatile organic compounds pose a challenge to
groundwater sampling protocols, since they can be
lost as a water sample degasses or lost due to sorption
on tubing or pump materials. Laboratory sorption ex-
periments have been conducted with five common
flexible tubing materials to determine the impact of
sorptive bias for chloroform, trichloroethylene, trichlor-
oethane, and tetrachloroethylene. Tubes made of
Teflon, polyethylene, polypropylene polyvinyl chlo-
ride), and silicone rubber were all found to sorb the test
compounds in short exposure periods. Virgin tubing
materials introduce substantial amounts of Teachable
organic matter in similar exposures. Tubing made of
Teflon showed the least absorption and leaching prob-
lems and should be the tubing material of choice for
detailed organic sampling purposes. Absorption into
the polymer matrix is the likely mechanism for the
errors. (Copyright (c) 1985 American Chemical Socie-
ty.)
Keywords: "Ground water, "Water analysis, "Plastic
pipes, "Water pollution, 'Tubes, "Hoses, Sampling,
Chloroform, Leaching, Sorption, Chemical analysis,
Elastomers, Tetrachloroethylene, Solid waste dispos-
al, Reprints, "Volatile organic compounds, "Water pol-
lution' detection, "Water pollution sampling. Ethylene/
trichloro, Ethane/trichloro, Teflon.
PB85-219400	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Distribution of Forced Vital Capacity and Forced
Expiratory Volume in One Second in Children 6 to
11 Years of Age. Journal article,
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
D. W. Dockery, C. S. Berkey, J. H. Ware, F. E. Speizer,
and B. G. Ferris. C1983,11p EPA/600/J-83/288
Contracts EPA-68-02-3201, EPA-68-02-3466
Pub. in American Review of Respiratory Disease 128,
n3 p405-412 Sep 83.
The authors analyzed 44,664 annual measurements of
forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory
volume in one second (FEV1) in 12,258 white children
and 1,041 black children between 6 and 11 years of
age in 6 communities. Sex and race-specific lung func-
tion development is described for the sample of pre-
adolescent children. A simple model is presented for
calculating percentiles of the distribution of FVC and
FEV1 as a function of height, race, and sex. In a subset
of children with at least 5 annual observations, ob-
served growth was compared with the constant per-
centile curves (growth curves) of FVC and FEV1 given
height, much as they track along growth curves of
height given age, once the larger proportional meas-
urement error of lung function is taken into account.
The proposed growth curves can be applied clinically
to evaluate a child's lung function, not only at a single
examination but also longitudinally over a series of ob-
servations.
Keywords: "Children, Respiratory system, Race, Sex,
Lungs, Reprints, "Lung function tests.
PB85-219665/HSU	MF$200.00
Oil and Hazardous Materials/Technical Assist-
ance Data System (OHM/TADS) (with Material
Name and Registry Indexes).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Oct 84,69p
Microfiche copies only.
This microfiche is computer generated in 56 grid
format from the magnetic tape file which is derived
from the OHM/TADS (Oil and Hazardous Materials/
Technical Assistance Data System) component of the
NIH/EPA CIS (Chemical Information System). OHM/
TADS contains an extensive amount of data for over
1,000 chemicals which have been designated as oils
or hazardous materials, and was developed by the
Office of Water and Waste Management of the U.S.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). While the pri-
mary function is to provide emergency information to
spill response team personnel, it also serves as a gen-
eral source of diverse information on hazardous sub-
stances. The entire information for the OHM/TADS
component is included on this microfiche, which in-
cludes two indexes - Material Name and Registry. In
the file, each separate chemical is headed by a record
indicating an entry number (this is simply a sequential
counter) and the OHM/TADS accession number for
the chemical. This line is followed by the individual
data fields associated with the chemical. For each
chemical, data may be provided, as applicable and
available, on any of 126 subjects (fields) into which all
information in the data base has been categorized.
The data for each such field is preceded by a paren-
thesized, three-character mnemonic.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Oils, 'Chemical
compounds, 'Information systems, Index registers,
Index terms, Microfilm, Data storage devices, "Chemi-
cal information systems, Oil pollution, Oil spills, Chemi-
cal nomenclature.
PB85-219681/HSU
PC A02/MF A01
Effects of ELF (Extremely Low Frequency) (1-120
Hz) and Modulated (50 Hz) RF (Radio Frequency)
Fields on the Efflux of Calcium Ions from Brain
Tissue In vitro. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. F. Blackman, S. G. Benane, D. E. House, and W. T.
Joines. 1985, 13p EPA/600/J-85/064
Pub. in Bioelectromagnetics 6, n1 p1 -11 Feb 85.
The authors have previously shown that 16-Hz, sinus-
oidal electromagnetic fields can cause enhanced
efflux of calcium ions from chick brain tissue, in vitro, in
two intensity regions centered on 6 and 40 Vp-p/m. Al-
ternatively, 1-Hz and 30-Hz fields at 40Vp-p/m did not
cause enhanced efflux. The authors demonstrate that
although there is no enhanced efflux associated with a
42-Hz field at 30,40,50, or 60 Vp-p/m, a 45 Hz field
causes enhanced efflux in an intensity range around
40Vp-p/m that is essentially identical to the response
observed for 16-Hz fields.
Keywords: 'Electric fields, Brain, In vitro analysis.
Magnetic fields, Tissues(Biology), Reprints, 'Calcium
PB85-219699/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Acute Maternal Toxicity on Fatal Devel-
opment In the Mouse. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. J. Kavlock, N. Chernoff, and E. H. Rogers. 1985,
13p EPA/600/J-85/060
Pub. in Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagen-
esis 5, n1 p3-13 Feb 85.
The effects of acute alterations in maternal health
status upon fetal development were assessed follow-
ing exposure of pregnant CD-1 mice on day 8 of gesta-
tion to one of ten chemicals at a dose calculated to be
the maternal LD10 or LD40. The dams were killed on
day 18 of gestation and the fetuses were examined by
routine teratological techniques. The chemicals were
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
cacodylic acid, caffeine, deltamethrin, dinoseb, ethyl-
ene bisisothiocyanate (EBIS), endrin, guthion, kepone,
sodium salicylate, and toxaphene. Three (cacodylic
acid, EBIS and kepone) produced dose related in-
creases in the incidence of fully reabsorbed litters. Pre-
natal mortality in litters that contained live fetuses at
term was elevated only for one chemical (cacodylic
acid). Fetal weight was reduced in three instances
(cacodylic acid, endrin, and guthion), while the inci-
dence of terata was markedly elevated for two (ca-
coydlic acid and kepone). For two other chemicals (en-
drine and sodium salicylate), a low incidence was
found of defects that were similar to defects induced
by those chemicals in other species.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, "Chemical compounds, Mice,
Laboratory animals. Exposure, Pregnancy, Lethal, Re-
prints, Fetuses.
PB85-219707/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Lethality in Mice and Rats Exposed to 2450 MHz
Circularly Polarized Microwaves as a Function of
Exposure Duration and Environmental Factors.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
E. Berman, J. B. Kinn, J. Ali, H. B. Carter, and B.
Rehnberg. 1985,12p EPA/600/J-85/063
Pub. in Jnl. of Applied Toxicology, v5 n1 p23-31 Feb
85.
Adult male CD-1 mice and CD rats were used to deter-
mine LD50/24 hr of lethality from exposure to 2450-
MHz circularly-polarized microwaves. Groups of six-
teen mice or six rats were exposed in each of 32 com-
binations of nominal power density (10, 25, 50 or 75
mW/sq. cm ), exposure duration (1 or 4 hrs), and envi-
ronmental temperature (20 or 30C) and relative humid-
ity (35 or 80%). An analysis of variance probit model
was used to determine the influence each variable had
on the probability of death. Significant factors in letha-
lity were nominal power density, exposure duration,
and environmental temperature, but not environmental
relative humidity. The estimated power density re-
quired to kill 50% of the animals in 24 hours is halved
when the environmental temperature is increased from
20 to 30C. Similarly, only 20-25% of the power density
is required when the exposure duration is increased
from one to four hours. The use of nominal power den-
sity as a predictor of the probability of death was more
efficient than specific absorption rate estimated ex-
perimentally by twin-well calorimetry. The exposure of
one mouse at a time, instead of 16, did not alter the
predicted death rate.
Keywords: 'Microwaves, 'Radiation effects, Lethal
dosage, Exposure, Mice, Rats, Laboratory animals,
Temperature, Humidity, Reprints, Environmental fac-
tors.
PB85-219715/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Modified Langmulr Equation for Predicting Sorp-
tion of Methylacrldlnlum Ion in Soils and Sedi-
ments. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
D. S. Brown, and G. Combs. 1985,8p EPA/600/J-85/
058
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality 14, n2 p195-199
Apr/Jun85.
An empirical model for predicting sorption isotherms of
organic cations was tested using a set of 10 soils and
sediments. The model is based on a competitive Lang-
muir equation with modifications for grouping the vari-
ous competing ion species and for normalizing over a
broad range of sediment properties. Normalization is
accomplished by substituting cation exchange capac-
ities (CECs) determined witn NH4(+1) for the Lang-
muir capacity term. Natural exchange ions are grouped
and treated as a single competing species for simplici-
ty. A single calibration enables estimation of sorption
isotherms for other sediments for which estimates of
CECs and competing electrolyte concentrations are
known.
Keywords: 'Soil analysis, 'Sediments, 'Sorption.
'Mathematical models, 'Environmental surveys, Ions,
Cations, Cation exchanging, Ion exchanging, Chemical
properties, Calibrating, Electrolytes, Reprints, "Acridin-
jum/methyl, 'Langmuir equations, Numerical solution.
PB85-219723/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Research Lab.
Full-Scale Demonstration of Textile Dye
Wastewater Reuse. Rept. for Apr 81-Apr 84,
Sverdrup and Parcel and Associates, Inc., St. Louis,
MO.
J. F. Bergenthal, J. Eapen, R. V. Hendriks, A. J. Tawa,
and W. C. Tincher. 1985, 20p EPA/600/D-85/128
Contract EPA-68-02-3678
Prepared in cooperation with Bigelow-Sanford, Inc.,
Greenville, SC., and Georgia Inst, of Tech., Atlanta.
The paper gives results of an examination of technol-
ogies by which textile processing wastewaters could
be recycled or reused, thereby reducing the amounts
discharged. One of these technologies, dyebath re-
constitution and reuse, was investigated in detail: it
was found to be environmentally beneficial and cost-
effective. Instead of the normal procedure of discharg-
ing the exhausted dyebath, this technology involves a
process modification wherein the dyebath is reconsti-
tuted by adding appropriate amounts of makeup dyes
and auxiliary chemicals. The reconstituted bath can
then be reused for dyeing a second batch of textile
goods, resulting in significant auxiliary chemical,
energy, and water savings.
Keywords: 'Textile industry, 'Dyeing, Waste water
reuse, 'Water pollution control, Cost effectiveness,
Textile processes, Circulation, Savings.
PB85-219731/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)
PM(sub 10) Methodology Review. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
L. J. Purdue. 1985,19pEPA/600/D-85/129
On March 20,1984 the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency proposed revisions to the national ambient air
quality standards (NAAQS) for particulate matter. New
primary standards were proposed for particulate
matter measured as PM(sub 10) (particles with aerody-
namic diameters equal to or less than a nominal 10 mi-
crometers). In addition to the revisions to the
NAAQS's, EPA also proposed a new Federal Refer-
ence Method (FRM) for the measurement of PM(sub
10) in the atmosphere and appropriate revisions to the
EPA regulations concerning Ambient Air Monitoring
Reference and Equivalent Methods and Ambient Air
Quality Surveillance. The proposed FRM for PM(sub
10) is based on discrimination and selection of PM(sub
10) particles by inertial separation in a specially
shaped inlet, followed by conventional filtration of a
measured volume of sampled air and determination of
the net weight gain of the filter. Wherever feasible,
sampler requirements are prescribed by functional or
performance specifications to allow maximum flexibil-
ity in the design or configuration of PM(sub 10) sam-
plers. Candidate samplers would have to be tested ac-
cording to explicit test procedures and formally desig-
nated as reference or equivalent methods. This paper
will review the proposed NAAQ's and related monitor-
ing requirements and discuss EPA's PM(sub 10) sam-
pler development and evaluation activities.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Standards, Samplers, Assess-
ments, Sites, Comparison, Sampling, Air pollution, Na-
tional government, Reviews, Design criteria, Perform-
ance	evaluation,	Regulations,
Concentration(Composition), 'Air pollution sampling,
'Particulate matter, 'National ambient air quality
standards, 'Federal reference method, Air quality,
Total suspended particulate matter.
PB85-219749/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Selenium Removal Using the Conventional Coagu-
lation or Lime-Soda Ash Softening Process,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
T. J.Sorg. 1985,18p EPA/600/D-85/131
To develop treatment technology information in sup-
port of the USEPA selenium drinking water regulation
of 0.01 mg/L, the Drinking Water Research Division,
USEPA, Cincinnati, OH, conducted laboratory jar tests
and pilot plant tests for selenium IV and VI removal by
conventional coagulation and lime-soda ash softening.
This paper presents the results of these studies that
showed removals to be dependent on the valence and
concentration of selenium, type and dose of coagu-
lant, and pH of the feed water. Selenium VI was poorly
removed by both processes whereas selenium IV was
moderately removed.
Keywords: "Water treatment, "Selenium, "Coagula-
tion, 'Calcium oxides, Potable water, pH, Performance
evaluation, Dosage, Concentration(Composition), Va-
lence, 'Lime-soda softening.
PB85-219756	Not available NTIS
Effects of Chronic High-Level Manganese Expo-
sure on Male Behavior in the Japanese Quail 'Co-
turnix coturnix faponica'. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. W. Laskey, and F. W. Edens. C1985,8p EPA/600/J-
85/062
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina State
Univ. at Raleigh. Dept. of Poultry Science.
Pub. in Poultry Science 64, n3 p579-584 Mar 85.
Male Japanese quail were chronically exposed to 5000
ppm manganese (Mn) as particulate manganese oxide
(Mn304) in their diet from hatching to 75 days of age.
No decrements in growth or in other indices of general
toxicity were noted. There were significant (P < .05)
age-related increases in general locomotor activity in
the control group, although no significant
(.05
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
determine whether the surface characteristics of these
pipes have any correlation with pitting corrosion.
Keywords: 'Pipes(Tubes), "Corrosion resistance, Gal-
vanized materials, Steels, Pitting, Specifications, Sur-
face properties, Zinc coatings, Copper, Water, Re-
prints.
PB85-219780	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Functional Connections Are Established between
Giant Nerve Fibers in Grafted Earthworms. Journal
article,
Iowa State Univ., Ames.
E. P. Vining, and C. D. Drewes. c1985, 7p EPA/600/J-
85/059
Pub. in Jnl. of Experimental Zoology 233, p121-125
1985.
Giant fiber interconnections were examined in suc-
cessful grafts between two posterior portions of earth-
worms (Eisenia loetida). Electrophysiological and his-
tological results indicated that cell-specific interanimal
connections were formed between the medial giant
fibers (MGF) in these preparations. Similar intercon-
nections were formed between the paired lateral giant
fibers (LGF), except that these involved the apposed
left and right LGFs. Establishment of reliable and bio-
directional conduction of LGF and MGF spikes across
the graft occurred 2-4 days and 7-14 days after graft-
ing, respectively. Subsequently, conduction across the
graft remained effective for at least 6 weeks. The re-
sults are consistent with a hypothesis that grafted
giant fibers are joined by a direct electrical connection,
involving either fusion or an electrical synapse.
Keywords: "Nervous system, Worms, Electrophysio-
logy, Histology, Reprints, Eisenia foetida, Connections.
PB85-219798	Not available NTIS
Bacterial Colonization of Point-of-llse Water
Treatment Devices. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
E. E. Geldreich, R. H. Taylor, J. C. Blannon, and D. J.
Reasoner. c1985,11 p EPA/600/J-85/057
Prepared in cooperation with California Water Service
Co., San Jose.
Pub. in Jnl. of the American Water Work Association
77, n2 P72-80 Feb 85.
Point-of-use water treatment devices were investigat-
ed for types of organisms that may colonize these fil-
ters, the magnitude of microbial post colonization re-
lease in the product water during daily use or after peri-
ods of non use, and the impact of tap waters of margin-
al bacteriological quality on the quality of product
water. Bacterial colonization relates to the bacterial
flora of the drinking water supply, water temperature,
ambient air temperature in under-the-sink installations
of carbon filters and length of service for a given
carbon cartridge. Treatment device designs that used
carbon impregnated paper filters were undesirable be-
cause of more extensive bacterial colonization and re-
lease of organisms in the product water. Static water
conditions also favor increased bacterial release in the
first water released after periods of non use.
Keywords: "Filters, "Bacteria, "Water treatment de-
vices, Microorganisms, Temperature, Carbon, Atmos-
pheric temperature, Water supply, Escherchi coli, Sal-
monella, Enterobacter. Serratia, Design, Comparison,
Reprints.
PB85-219806	Not available NTIS
Effects of Continuous-Wave, Pulsed, and Sinusol-
dal-Amplltude-Modulated Microwaves on Brain
Energy Metabolism. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
A P Sanders, W. T. Joines, and J. W. Allis. c1985,11 p
EPA/600/J-85/061
Prepared in cooperation with Duke Univ., Durham, NC.
Pub. in Bioelectromagnetics 6, n1 p89-97 Feb 85.
A comparison of the effects of continuous wave, sinus-
oidal-amplitude modulated, and pulsed square-wave-
modulated 591-MHz microwave exposures on brain
energy metabolism was made in male Sprague Dawley
rats (175-225g). Brain NADH fluorescence, adensine
triphosphate (ATP) concentration and creatine phos-
phate (CP) concentration were determined as a func-
tion of modulation frequency. Brain temperatures of
382 Vol. 90, No. 24
animals were maintained between -0.1 and -0.4C from
the pre-exposure temperature when subjected to as
much as 20 mW/sq. cm. (average power) CW, pulsed
or sinusoidalamplitude-modulated 591-MHz radiation
for 5 minutes. Sinusoidal-amplitude-modulated expo-
sures at 16 to 24 Hz showed a trend toward preferen-
tial modulation frequency response in inducing an in-
crease in brain NADH fluorescence. The pulse-modu-
lated and sinusoidal-amplitude-modulated (16 Hz)
microwaves were not significantly different from CW
exposures in inducing increased brain NADH fluores-
cence and decreased ATP and CP concentrations,
Keywords: "Microwaves, "Radiation effects. Expo-
sure, Metabolism, Brain, Energy, Rats, Laboratory ani-
mals, Reprints.
PB85-219814	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Derivatization of Organic and Inorganic N-Chlora-
mines for High-Performance Liquid Chromatogra-
phic Analysis of Chlorinated Water. Journal article,
Old Dominion Univ., Norfolk, VA. Alfriend Chemical
Labs.
F. E. Scully, J. P. Yang, K. Mazina, and F. B. Daniel.
C1984, 8p EPA/600/J-84/309
Grant EPA-R-807254
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v18
n10p787-792 1984.
Organic and inorganic N-chloramines are converted to
highly fluorescent dansyl derivatives by reaction with
5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1 -sulfinic	acid
(DANS02H). The synthesis and properties of the sul-
finic acid are described in detail. Details of the method
for derivatizing dilute aqueous solutions of N-chlora-
mines are given along with the application of HPLC to
the separation of mixtures of chloramine derivatives.
The derivatization method is applied to the analysis of
aqueous solutions of individual amines and a mixture 2
mg/L as N in each amine component chlorinated to
different CI2/N levels and incubated for one hour. The
chloramine concentrations measured in the manner
are correlated with residual chlorine levels determined
by the DPD-titrimetric method. A sample of a chlorinat-
ed surface water which contained high concentrations
of dissolved organic nitrogen was analyzed and found
to contain both organic and inorganic N-chloramines.
The kinetics and mechanism of the derivatization reac-
tion are discussed. (Copyright (c) 1984 American
Chemical Society.)
Keywords: "Water analysis, 'Chlorination, "Water
treatment, "Industrial waste treatment,
Synthesis(Chemistry), Chemical properties, Separa-
tion, Concentration(Composition), Surface water, Dis-
infectants, Chemical analysis, Reprints, 'High per-
formance liquid chromatography, "Chloramines,
"Chemical reaction mechanisms, "Naphthalene sul-
finic acid/amino-dimethyl, "Water pollution detection.
PB85-219822	Not available NTIS
Validity of a Two-Dimensional Model for Variable-
Density Hydrodynamic Circulation. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
J. C. Heinrich, W. J. Lick, and J. F. Paul. c1983,17p
ERLN-J595, EPA/600/J-83/299
Prepared in cooperation with Arizona Univ., Tucson.
Dept. of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering., and
California Univ., Santa Barbara. Dept. of Mechanical
and Environmental Engineering.
Pub. in Mathematical Modelling, v4 p323-337 1983.
A three-dimensional model of temperatures and cur-
rents has been formulated to assist in the analysis and
interpretation of the dynamics of stratified lakes. In this
model, nonlinear eddy coefficients for viscosity and
conductivities are included. A two-dimensional model
(one vertical and one horizontal coordinate) which in-
cludes coriolis forces, has also been formulated. Spe-
cific examples have been calculated using both
models to show the general characteristics of tnermo-
cline formation, maintenance and decay. In order to
understand the effect of various parameters, as well as
the influence of basin geometry, extensive numerical
experimentation has first been performed using the
two-dimensional mode. (Copyright (c) 1983 Pergamon
Pres Ltd.)
Keywords: "Circulation, "Lakes, Mathematical models,
Two dimensional flow, Coriolis force. Hydrodynamics,
Temperature, Water flow, Thermoclines, Reprints, Hy-
polimnion.
PB85-220333	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Pulmonary Function in Elastase-Treated Guinea
Pigs and Rats Exposed to Ammonium Sulfate or
Ammonium Nitrate Aerosols. Journal article,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
S. M. Loscutoff, W. C. Cannon, R. L. Buschbom, R. H.
Busch, and B. W. Killand. C1985,13p EPA/600/J-85/
031
Pub. in Environmental Research 36, n1 p170-180 Feb
85,
Three weeks following intratracheal instillations of
elastase dissolved in saline, or saline alone, guinea
pigs and rats were exposed for 5 or 20 days, 6 hr/day,
5 days/week to filtered room air, 1 mg/cu.m. ammoni-
um sulfate ((NH4)2S04) or 1 mg/cu.m. ammonium ni-
trate (NH4N03) aerosols. Pulmonary function evalua-
tions conducted in guinea pigs showed no detrimental
effects of (NH4)2S04) or NH4N03 exposure and very
little effect of elastase treatment. Lung function
changes in elastase treated rats were consistent with
a condition of experimentally induced pulmonary em-
physema. Rats exposed to NH4N03 aerosols showed
no consistent exposure-related changes. Compared
with air-exposed animals, rats exposed to (NH4)2S04
aerosols had increased values of residual volume and
functional residual capacity and decreased slope of
single-breath N2 washout curves. The authors con-
clude that elastase treatment had no significant effect
on lung function changes resulting from inhalation of
(NH4)2S04 aerosols. Lung function was more affect-
ed by (NH4)2S04 exposure than by NH4N03 expo-
sure, and lung function changes were more pro-
nounced in rats than in guinea pigs.
Keywords: "Ammonium nitrate, "Ammonium sulfate,
"Aerosols, "Toxicology, Aerosols, Laboratory animals,
Rats, Pigs, Reprints, "Air pollution effects(Animals),
Lung function tests.
PB85-220341/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Preliminary Assessment of the 10 Micrometer
Particulate Sampling at Eight Locations in the
United States. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
C. E. Rodes, and E. G. Evans. 1985,14p EPA/600/J-
85/040
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v19 n2 p293-303
Feb 85.
The first year of PM10 data from EPA's Inhalable Par-
ticulate Network are summarized and discussed. The
discussion includes comparison among the various
samplers and particulate size fractions. The data base
is composed of measurements made on an every-
sixth-day sampling schedule at 8 different locations in
1982. This preliminary review indicates that the overall
ratio of PM10 to TSP is 0.485 and is a reasonably
linear relationship. The relationships between PM10
and PM15 are very linear for all sites, increasing the
utility of the existing PM15 data bases.
Keywords: "Particle size, "Samplers, "Standards,
Sampling, Sites, Assessments, Revisions,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), Compari-
sons, Information systems, Air pollution, Performance
evaluation, Reprints, "Air pollution sampling, "Inhala-
ble particulate network, "Particulate matter, "Total
suspended particulate.
PB85-220358	Not available NTIS
Temporal Patterns in Three-Dlmenslonai Struc-
ture and Activity of Schools of the Atlantic Silver-
side 'Menidla menldla'. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
K. H. Koltes. C1984,12p ERLN-407, EPA/600/J-84/
303
Prepared in cooperation with Rhode Island Univ., Nar-
raaansett
Pub. in Marine Biology 78, pi 13-122 1984.
Temporal patterns in the structure and activity of
schools of the Atlantic silverside Menidia menidia were
investigated under laboratory conditions using a new
computerized video technique for three-dimensional
analysis. Fish were collected by seining at Middle
Bridge, Pettaquanscutt River, South Kingstown, Rl,
USA. Four measurements of structure and activity
were computed: (1) swimming speed (SPEED); (2) dis-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
travel (DOT); (4) depth in the tank (DEPTH). Results
demonstrated a strong seasonal rhythm in the behav-
ior of schools, but were inconclusive in showing perio-
dicities associated with daily, tidal or lunar cycles.
Keywords: 'Animal behavior, "Marine fishes, Sam-
pling, Temperature, Photoperiodism, Measurement,
Swimming, Depth, Seasonal variations, Reprints,
"Menidia menidia, Schools.
PB85-220366/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Calcination Kinetics and Surface Area of Dis-
persed Limestone Particles. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
R. H. Borgwardt. Jan 05,11p EPA/600/J-85/041
Pub. in American Institute of Chemical Engineers Jnl.,
v31 n1 p103-111 Jan 85.
The paper gives results of measurements of the rates
of calcination of two types of limestones, ranging in
particle size from 1 to 90 micrometers, and over the
temperature range of 516 to 1000 C. A kinetic model,
based on the B.E.T. (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) surface
area of the CaC03, correlates the results over five
orders of magnitude in reaction rate. The B.E.T. sur-
face area of CaO, formed by rapid calcination in dis-
persed-particle systems is 50 to 60 square m/g.
Keywords: "Roasting, "Limestone, "Reaction kinetics,
"Surfaces, "Air pollution control, Particle size, Nitrogen
oxides, Sulfur oxides, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Mass transfer, Reprints, "Acid rain, "Lime-
stone injection multistage burners.
PB85-220374/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Organotins on Growth and Survival of
Two Marine Diatoms, 'Skeletonema costatum' and
'Thalasslosira pseudonana'. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
G. E. Walsh, L. L. McLaughlan, E. M. Lores, M. K.
Louie, and C. H. Deans. 1985,12p EPA/600/J-85/044
Pub. in Chemosphere 14, n3/4 p383-392 1985.
Tributyl- and triphenyltin compounds inhibited popula-
tion growth and cell survival of marine unicellular algae
at low concentrations. They may pose a threat to algae
in areas of industrial outfalls and heavy boat traffic.
Keywords: "Metal containing organic compounds, "Tin
organic compounds, "Algae, "Water pollution, "Toxici-
ty, Growth, Stannates, Chemical industry, Pesticides,
Preservatives, Cells(Biology), Survival, Populations,
Diatoms, Outfall sewers, Industrial wastes, Reprints,
Stannane/fluoro-tributyl, Stannane/tributyl, Stan-
nane/triphenyl.
PB85-220382/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Organic Halogen Measurement: Current Ums and
Future Prospects. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
A. A. Stevens, R. C. Dressman, R. K. Sorrell, and H. J.
Brass. 1985,12p EPA/600/J-85/054
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association 77,
p146-154 Apr 85.
Currently, the most popular method of analyzing total
organic halide in water involves carbon adsorption, ox-
idative combustion, and measurement of the hydrogen
halide by microcoulometry. Total organic halide can be
used as an indicator of water quality, providing a direct
measure of disinfection by-product formation, and in
some circumstances, a surrogate measure of individ-
ual organic pollutants. An important application of or-
ganic nalide measurements is in unit process design,
control, and monitoring. Each potential application,
however, must be carefully assessed to determine the
usefulness of organic halide measurements.
Keywords: "Halogen organic compounds, "Disinfec-
tion. "Water treatment, Water analysis, Halides, By-
products, Design criteria, Assessments, Potable water,
Adsorption, Forecasting, Activated carbon treatment,
Ground water, Surface water, Sampling, Industrial
wastes, Reprints, "Water pollution detection, Granular
activated carbon treatment, Halomethanes, Purge and
trap techniques.
PB85-220390	Not available NTIS
Effects of Ethanol, Phenol, Formaldehyde, and
Selected Metabolites on Metabolic Cooperation
between Chinese Hamster V79 Lung Fibroblasts,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
A. R. Malcolm, L. J. Mills, and J. E. Trosko. C1985,17p
EPA/600/D-85/119
Prepared in cooperation with Rhode Island Univ.,
Kingston and Michigan State Univ., East Lansing.
Pub. in Carcinogenesis, v8 p305-318 1985.
The discovery that phorbol ester tumor promoters in-
hibit metabolic cooperation between cultured cells in
proportion to their promoting activity in vivo suggests
that such inhibition may be a mechanism in tumor pro-
motion. Because metabolic cooperation appears to be
essential for normal cell differentiation and tissue de-
velopment, the concept that chemicals might be toxic
by blocking this process may, in theory, be extended to
reproductive system toxicants. In the paper, these hy-
potheses are tested by adding test chemical and se-
lective agent (6-thioguanine) simultaneously to co-cul-
tivated mutant(HGPRT-) and wild-type(HGPRT + ) V79
cells in reconstructed mutant selection experiments.
Effects of test chemicals are measured as a function
of mutant cell recovery relative to that in a control.
Keywords: "Toxic substances, "Ethanol, "Phenol,
"Formaldehyde, Lung, Hamsters, Reprints, Metabo-
lites.
PB85-220408	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Mutagenicity of Nitrite-Treated Aqueous Extract
of 'Piper betle'; L,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston.
H. C. Chen, Y. S. Chang, and T. C. Lee. c1985,10p
EPA/600/D-85/126
Prepared in cooperation with National Taiwan Coll. of
Marine Science and Technology. Keelung.
Pub. in Proceedings of National Science Council
(Taiwan), v8 n1 p4-10 Jan 84.
Betel quid is chewed as a masticatory material by
people in certain areas of Asia. The quid chewing has
been related to oral cancer by epidemiological study.
The mutagenic components in the aqueous extracts of
betel quid ingredients were studied. Only nitrite-treated
aqueous extract of Piper betle L fruits, leaves or rhi-
zoma were demonstrated to exhibit a mutagenic re-
sponse, using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100
and TA1535 in the Ames test. When the aqueous ex-
tract of the fruit was nitrosated, the greatest number of
mutagenic substances were formed at pH 3. The for-
mation of mutagens was enhanced by increasing the
temperature from 5 to 95 deg. G. Maximum production
of the mutagens occurred within 15 min when nitrosa-
tion was conducted at 35 deg. C. The mutagenic com-
ponents in nitrite-treated aqueous extract of Piper
betle L fruit were found to be N-nitrosopiperidine, N-ni-
trosopyrrolidine, N-nitrosomorpholine, and other com-
pounds, as determined by gas chromatography-ther-
mal energy analyzer.
Keywords: 'Asia, 'Nitroso compounds, Toxicity,
"Betel quid, "Carcinomas, 'Chewing, Mastication, Mu-
tagens, Piper betle, Salmonella typhimurium, Piperi-
dine/N-nitroso, Pyrrolidine/N-nitroso, Morpholine/N-
nitroso, Epidemiologic methods.
PB85-220418	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Cyclic Voltammetry of Organic and Inorganic N-
Cnloramlnes in Aqueous Solution. Journal article,
Old Dominion Univ., Norfolk, VA. Alfriend Chemical
Labs.
F. E. Scully, D. M. Oglesby, and H. J. Buck. C1984,6p
EPA/600/J-84/273
Grant EPA-R-807254
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v56 n8 p1449-1451 1984.
Aqueous solutions or organic and inorganic N-chlora-
mines as well as hypochlorite were examined by cyclic
voltammetry at DH 8 and in strong acid (pH<2) with
platinum and glassy carbon electrodes. The inorganic
N-chloramines were characterized in 1 M HC104.
NHC12 is reduced at about -0.5 V and its conversion to
NC13 can be followed by appearance of a wave at
+0.5 V vs. SCE.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Oxidants, "Disin-
fection, "Chlorination, "Volumetric analysis, "Hypoch-
lorites, pH, Chemical analysis, Electrochemistry. Water
analysis, Reduction(Chemistry), Solutions, Reprints,
"Water pollution detection, "Chloramines, Chemical
reaction mechanisms.
PB85-220424	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Influence of Time of Exposure to Carbon Tetra-
chloride on Toxic Liver Injury. Journal article,
Georgia Univ., Athens. Dept. of Pharmacology and
Toxicology.
J. V. Bruckner, R. Luthra, G. M. Kyle, S. Muralidhara,
and R. Ramanathan. C1984, 7p EPA/600/J-84/272
Grant EPA-R-811215
Prepared in cooperation with Texas Univ., Austin.
Dept. of Pharmacology.
Pub. in Ann. Rev. Chronopharmacol. 1, p373-376
1984.
The study was conducted to determine whether, and
by what mechanisms, time of exposure could influence
the ability of a model hepatotoxin, carbon tetrachloride
(CCI4) to cause liver injury. Rats dosed orally with CCI4
during their active/dark cycle were found to be more
susceptible to liver injury than rats dosed during their
inactive/light cycle. There was greater hepatic micro-
somal uptake and metabolism of CCI4 in rats dosed
during their active cycle.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Injuries, Exposure, Liver, Rats,
Laboratory animals, Reprints, "Carbon tetrachloride,
Hepatotoxins.
PB85-220432	Not available NTIS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Lab., Ada, OK.
Wastewater Treatment by Artificial Wetlands.
Journal article,
San Diego Region Water Reclamation Agency,
Santee, CA.
R. M. Gersberg, B. V. Elkins, and C. R. Goldman.
C1984, 10p EPA/600/J-85/042
Pub. in Water Science and Technology, v17 p443-450
1984.
Studies of artificial wetlands at Santee, California dem-
onstrated the capacity of wetlands systems for inte-
grated secondary and advanced treatment of munici-
pal wastewaters. When receiving a blend of primary
and secondary wastewaters at a blend ratio of 1:2 (6
cm per day: 12 cm per day), mean removal efficiencies
for a complete year of operation were 80% for total ni-
trogen and 80% for total inorganic nitrogen, with the
mean in flow total nitrogen level of 21.5 mg/l in the
wetland effluent. The BOD and SS removal efficien-
cies were 93% and 83% respectively. (Copyright (c)
1984IAWPRC.)
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Municipalities, Re-
moval, Nitrogen, Efficiency, Biochemical oxygen
demand, California, Reprints, "Artificial wetlands,
"Land application, Santee(California).
PB85-220440	Not available NTIS
Differential Effects of 200,591, and 2,450 MHz Ra-
diation on Rat Brain Energy Metabolism. Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
A. P. Sanders, W. T. Joines, and J. W. Allis. c1984,17p
EPA/600/J-84/307
Prepared in cooperation with Duke Univ., Durham, NC.
Pub. in Bioelectromagnetics 5, n4 p419-433 Nov 84.
Three key compounds in brain metabolism have been
measured during and after exposure to continuous
wave radiofrequency radiation at 200, 591, and 2,450
MHz. Frequency-dependent changes have been found
for all three compounds. Changes in NADH fluores-
cence have been measured on the surface of a surgi-
cally uncovered rat brain during exposure. At 200 and
591 MHz, NADH fluorescence increased in a dose-de-
pendent manner between approximately 1 and 10
mW/sq. cm., then became constant at higher expo-
sures. There was no effect at 2,450 MHz. Levels of
ATP and CP were measured in whole brain after expo-
sure. The ATP levels were decreased at 200 and 591
MHz but not at 2,450 MHz. The CP levels decreased
only at 591 MHz. The effect of duration of exposure
(up to 5 min) was investigated for all compounds at
200 MHz and 2,450 MHz, and exposures to 20 minutes
were examined at 591 MHz. Temperature in the rat
brain was essentially constant for all exposures. A
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
general mechanism for inhibition of the mitochondrial
electron transport chain and the CP-kinase reaction
pathway by radiofrequency radiation has been pro-
posed.
Keywords: 'Radiation effects, 'Brain. Rats. Laboratory
animals, Energy, Metabolism, Reprints.
PB85-220457	Not available NTIS
Algorithm for Mixing Problems in Water Systems.
Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research Div.
R. M. Males, R. M. Clark, P. J. Wehrman, and W. E.
Gates. C1985,16p
Prepared in cooperation with RMM Technical Serv-
ices, Inc., Cincinnati, OH., Software Engineering, Cin-
cinnati, OH., and Gates (W. E.) and Associates, Inc.,
Fairfax, OH.
Pub. in Jnl. of Hydraulic Engineering 111, n2 p206-219
Feb 85.
The 'Solver' algorithm, developed as an outgrowth of
work on cost allocation in water distribution systems, is
a simple technique that solves a number of interesting
problems in water distribution system analysis. Prob-
lems related to mixing water from different sources
within the distribution network, travel time from any
source to any node of the network, and development
of the cost of service to any node in the network can
be solved assuming steady-state conditions, given a
prior solution of the hydraulics (flow in each link) of the
network. All these problems are formulated as the so-
lution of simultaneous linear equations. The Solver al-
gorithm has been coded in Fortran and incorporated
within the structure of a multi-purpose system of com-
puter programs that allows for the storage, display and
manipulation of data associated with node-link net-
works describing water distribution systems. These
programs are identified by the name Water Supply
Simulation Model.
Keywords: 'Distribution systems, "Water distribution,
'Water pollution, Mixing, Cost analysis, Travel time,
Fortran, Mathematical models, Water tanks, Comput-
erized simulation, Reprints.
PB85-220564/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Exposure and Risk Assessment for Dichloroeth-
anes. 1,1-Dlchloroethane. 1,2-Dichloroethane.
Final rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
J. Perwak, M. Byrne, M. Goyer, W. Lyman, and L.
Nelken. Apr 82, 197p EPA/440/4-85/009
Contracts EPA-68-01 -5949, EPA-68-01 -6017
Prepared in cooperation with Acurex Corp., Mountain-
view, CA.
The report assesses the risk of exposure to 1,1-dich-
loroethane and 1,2-dichloroethane. The study is part
of a program to identify the sources of and evaluate
exposure to 129 priority pollutants. The analysis is
based on available information from government, in-
dustry, and technical publications assembled in April of
1981. The assessment includes an identification of re-
leases to the environment during production, use, or
disposal of the substance. In addition, the fate of dich-
loroethanes in the environment is considered; ambient
levels to which various populations of humans and
aquatic life are exposed are reported. Exposure levels
are estimated and available data on toxicity are pre-
sented and interpreted. Information concerning all of
these topics is combined in an assessment of the risks
of exposure to dichloroethanes for various subpopula-
tions.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Environmental sur-
veys, 'Toxicology, "Public health, "Industrial hygiene,
'Chloroethanes, Exposure, Assessments, Sources, In-
dustrial wastes, Ecology, Air pollution, Water pollution,
Ecology, Humans, Exhaust emissions, Materials tests,
Plants(Botany), Animals, Microorganisms, 'Health
risks 'Toxic substances, 'Environmental health, 'Oc-
cupational safety and health, 'Ethane/dichloro, Path
of pollutants, Land pollution.
PB85-220572/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
384 Vol. 90, No. 24
Exposure and Risk Assessment for Cyanide. Final
rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
J. Fiksel, C. Cooper, A. Eschenroeder, M. Goyer, and
J. Perwak. Dec 81,121p EPA/440/4-85/008
Contracts EPA-68-01-3857, EPA-68-01-5949
The report assesses the risk of exposure to cyanide.
The study is pari of a program to identify the sources of
and evaluate exposure to 129 priority pollutants. The
analysis is based on available information from gov-
ernment, industry, and technical publications assem-
bled in March of 1981. The assessment includes an
identification of releases to the environment during
production, use, or disposal of the substance. In addi-
tion, the fate of cyanide in the environment is consid-
ered; ambient levels to which various populations of
humans and aquatic life are exposed are reported. Ex-
posure levels are estimated and available data on tox-
icity are presented and interpreted. Information con-
cerning all of these topics is combined in an assess-
ment of the risks of exposure to cyanide for various
subpopulations.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Environmental sur-
veys, 'Toxicology, 'Public health, 'Industrial hygiene,
Exposure, Risk, Assessments, Sources, Cyanides, In-
dustrial wastes. Ecology, Air pollution, Water pollution,
Humans, Exhaust emissions, Materials tests,
Plants(Botany), Animals, Microorganisms, Waste dis-
posal, "Health risks, 'Toxic substances, 'Environmen-
tal health, 'Occupational safety and health, "Cyanide,
Path of pollutants, Land pollution.
PB8S-220S98/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Exposure and Risk Assessment tor Trichloroeth-
anes. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane.
Final rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
R. Thomas, M. Byrne, D. Gilbert, M. Goyer, and M.
Wood. Jul 82, 180p EPA/440/4-85/018
Contracts EPA-68-01-6160, EPA-68-01-6017
Prepared in cooperation with Acurex Corp., Mountain-
view, CA.
The report assesses the risk of exposure to 1,1,1 -trich-
loroethane and 1,1,2-trichloroethane. The study is part
of a program to identify the sources of and evaluate
exposure to 129 priority pollutants. The analysis is
based on available information from government, in-
dustry, and technical publications assembled in March
of 1981. The assessment includes an identification of
releases to the environment during production, use, or
disposal of the substance. In addition, the fate of trich-
loroethanes in the environment is considered; ambient
levels to which various populations of humans and
aquatic life are exposed are reported. Exposure levels
are estimated and available data on toxicity are pre-
sented and interpreted. Information concerning all of
these topics is combined in an assessment of the risks
of exposure to trichloroethanes for various subpopula-
tions.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Environmental sur-
veys, "Toxicology, "Public health, "Industrial hygiene,
'Chloroethanes, Exposure, Assessments, Sources, In-
dustrial wastes, Ecology, Air pollution, Water pollution,
Ecology, Humans, Exhaust emissions, Materials tests,
Plants(Botany), Animals, Microorganisms, "Health
risks, "Toxic substances, "Environmental health, "Oc-
cupational safety and health, "Ethane/trichloro, Path
of pollutants, Land pollution.
PB85-22060S/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Exposure and Risk Assessment for Lead. Final
rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
J. Perwak, M. Goyer, L. Nelken, E. Payne, and D.
Wallace. Aug 82,212p EPA/440/4-85/010
Contract EPA-68-01 -5949
The report assesses the risk of exposure to to lead.
This study is part of a program to identify the sources
of and evaluate exposure to 129 priority pollutants.
The analysis is based on available information from
government, industry, and technical publications as-
sembled in July of 1981. The assessment includes an
identification of releases to the environment during
production, use, or disposal of the substance. In addi-
tion, the fate of lead in the environment is considered;
ambient levels to which various populations of humans
and aquatic life are exposed are reported. Exposure
levels are estimated and available data on toxicity are
presented and interpreted. Information concerning all
of these topics is combined in an assessment of the
risks of exposure to lead for various subpopulations.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Environmental sur-
veys, "Toxicology, "Public health, 'Industrial hygiene,
"Lead(Metal), Exposure, Risk, Assessments, Sources,
Industrial wastes, Ecology, Air pollution, Water pollu-
tion, Humans, Exhaust emissions, Materials tests,
Plants(Botany), Animals, Microorganisms, Waste dis-
posal, Metals, "Health risks, "Toxic substances, "Envi-
ronmental health, "Occupational safety and health,
Heavy metals, Path of pollutants, Land pollution.
PB85-220762/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Exposure and Risk Assessment for 1,2,4-Trichlor-
obenzene. Final rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
P. W. McNamara, M. Byrne, M. Goyer, P. Lucas, and K.
Scow. Aug 81, 122p EPA/440/4-85/017
Contracts EPA-68-01-6160, EPA-68-01-6017
Prepared in cooperation with Acurex Corp., Mountain
View, CA.
The report assesses the risk of exposure to 1,2,4-trich-
lorobenzene. The study is part of a program to identify
the sources of and evaluate exposure to 129 priority
pollutants. The analysis is based on available informa-
tion from government, industry, and technical publica-
tions assembled in June of 1981. The assessment in-
cludes an identification of releases to the environment
during production, use, or disposal of the substance. In
addition, the fate of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene in the envi-
ronment is considered; ambient levels to which various
populations of humans and aquatic life are exposed
are reported. Exposure levels are estimated and avail-
able data on toxicity are presented and interpreted. In-
formation concerning all of these topics is combined in
an assessment of the risks of exposure to 1,2,4-trich-
lorobenzene for various subpopulations.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Environmental sur-
veys, "Toxicology, "Public health, "Industrial hygiene,
"Chlorobenzenes, Exposure, Assessments, Sources,
Industrial wastes, Ecology, Air pollution, Water pollu-
tion, Ecology, Humans, Exhaust emissions, Materials
tests, Plants(Botany), Animals, Microorganisms,
"Health risks, "Toxic substances, "Environmental
health, "Occupational safety and health, 'Benzene/
trichloro, Path of pollutants, Land pollution.
PB85-221133/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Exposure and Risk Assessment for Mercury. Final
rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
J. Perwak, M. Goyer, L. Nelken, K. Scow, and M. Wald.
Oct 81,214p EPA/440/4-85/011
Contracts EPA-68-01-3857, EPA-68-01-5949
The report assesses the risk of exposure to mercury.
The study is part of a program to identify the sources of
and evaluate exposure to 129 priority pollutants. The
analysis is based on available information from gov-
ernment, industry, and technical publications assem-
bled in August of 1980. The assessment includes an
identification of releases to the environment during
production, use, or disposal of the substance. In addi-
tion, the fate of mercury in the environment is consid-
ered; ambient levels to which various populations of
humans and aquatic life are exposed are reported. Ex-
posure levels are estimated and available data on tox-
icity are presented and interpreted. Information con-
cerning all of these topics is combined in an assess-
ment of the risks of exposure to mercury for various
subpopulations.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials. "Environmental sur-
veys, "Toxicology, "Public health, "Industrial hygiene
"Mercury(Metal), Exposure, Risk, Assessments
Sources, Metals, Industrial wastes, Ecology, Air pollu-
tion, Water pollution, Humans, Exhaust emissions, Ma-
terials tests, Plants(Botany), Animals, Microorganisms
Waste disposal, "Health risks, "Toxic substances
'Environmental health, "Occupational safety and
health, Heavy metals, Path of pollutants, Land pollu-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB85-221174/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Exposure and Risk Assessment for Nickel. Final
rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
P. W. McNamara, M, Byrne, B. Goodwin, K. Scow, and
W. Steber. Dec 81, 246p EPA/440/4-85/012
Contracts EPA-68-01-5949, EPA-68-01-6017
Prepared in cooperation with Acurex Corp., Mountain
View, CA.
The report assesses the risk of exposure to nickel. The
study is part of a program to identify the sources of and
evaluate exposure to 129 priority pollutants. The anal-
ysis is based on available information from govern-
ment, industry, and technical publications assembled
in April of 1981. The assessment includes an identifi-
cation of releases to the environment during produc-
tion, use, or disposal of the substance. In addition, the
fate of nickel in the environment is considered; ambi-
ent levels to which various populations of humans and
aquatic life are exposed are reported. Exposure levels
are estimated and available data on toxicity are pre-
sented and interpreted. Information concerning all of
these topics is combined in an assessment of the risks
of exposure to nickel for various subpopulations.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Environmental sur-
veys, 'Toxicology, 'Public health, "Industrial hygiene,
'Nickel, Exposure, Assessments, Sources, Industrial
wastes, Ecology, Air pollution, Water pollution,
Humans, Exhaust emissions, Materials tests,
Plants(Botany), Animals, Microorganisms, "Health
risks, "Toxic substances, 'Environmental health, 'Oc-
cupational safety and health. Path of pollutants, Land
pollution, Heavy metals.
PB85-221489/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Exposure and Risk Assessment for 1,1,2,2-Te-
trachloroethane. Final rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
J. Perwak, M. Byrne, M. Goyer, L. Nelken, and M.
Wood. Dec 81,47p EPA/440/4-85/014
Contracts EPA-68-01-6160, EPA-68-01-6017
Prepared in cooperation with Acurex Corp., Mountain
View, CA.
The report assesses the risk of exposure to 1,1,2,2-te-
trachloroethane. The study is part of a program to
identify the sources of and evaluate exposure to 129
priority pollutants. The analysis is based on available
information from government, industry, and technical
publications assembled in March of 1981. The assess-
ment includes an identification of releases to the envi-
ronment during production, use, or disposal of the sub-
stance. In addition, the fate Of 1.1,2,2-tetrachloroeth-
ane in the environment is considered; ambient levels
to which various populations of humans and aquatic
life are exposed are reported. Exposure levels are esti-
mated and available data on toxicity are presented and
interpreted. Information concerning all of these topics
is combined in an assessment of the risks of exposure
to 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane for various subpopula-
tions.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Environmental sur-
veys, "Toxicology, 'Public health, 'Industrial hygiene,
'Chloroethanes, Exposure, Assessments, Sources, In-
dustrial wastes, Ecology, Air pollution, Water pollution,
Humans, Exhaust emissions, Materials tests,
Plants(Botany), Animals, Microorganisms, 'Health
risks, 'Toxic substances, 'Environmental health, "Oc-
cupational safety and health, 'Ethane/tetrachloro,
Path of pollutants, Land pollution.
PB85-221497/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Exposure and Risk Assessment for Tetrachlor-
oethylene. Final rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
D. Gilbert, M. Goyer, W. Lyman, Q. Magil, and P.
Walker. Dec 82,147p EPA/440/4-85/015
Contracts EPA-68-01-3857, EPA-68-01-5949
The report assesses the risk of exposure to tetrachlor-
oethylene. The study is part of a program to identify
the sources of and evaluate exposure to 129 priority
pollutants. The analysis is based on available informa-
tion from government, industry, and technical publica-
tions assembled in July of 1980. The assessment in-
cludes an identification of releases to the environment
during production, use, or disposal of the substance. In
addition, the fate of tetrachloroethylene in the environ-
ment is considered; ambient levels to which various
populations of humans and aquatic life are exposed
and reported. Exposure levels are estimated and avail-
able data on toxicity are presented and interpreted. In-
formation concerning all of these topics is combined in
an assessment of the risks of exposure to tetrachlor-
oethylene for various subpopulations.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Environmental sur-
veys, "Toxicology, "Public health, "Industrial hygiene,
"Tetrachloroethylene, Exposure, Risk, Assessments,
Sources, Industrial wastes, Ecology, Air pollution,
Water pollution. Humans, Exhaust emissions, Materi-
als tests, Plants(Botany), Animals, Microorganisms,
Waste disposal, "Health risks, 'Toxic substances,
"Environmental health, "Occupational safety and
health, 'Ethylene/perchloro, Path of pollutants, Land
pollution.
PB85-221505/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Exposure and Risk Assessment for Toluene. Final
rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge. MA.
D. Gilbert, C. Woodruff, A. Preston, R. Thomas, and M.
Wood. Jul 83,182p EPA/440/4-85/016
Contracts EPA-68-01-6160, EPA-68-01-6167
Prepared in cooperation with Acurex Corp., Mountain-
view, CA.
The report assesses the risk of exposure to toluene.
The study is part of a program to identify the sources of
and evaluate exposure to 129 priority pollutants. The
analysis is based on available information from gov-
ernment, industry, and technical publications assem-
bled in June of 1981. The assessment includes an
identification of releases to the environment during
production, use, or disposal of the substance. In addi-
tion, the fate of toluene in the environment is consid-
ered; ambient levels to which various populations of
humans and aquatic life are exposed are reported. Ex-
posure levels are estimated and available data on tox-
icity are presented and interpreted. Information con-
cerning all of these topics is combined in an assess-
ment of the risks of exposure to toluene for various
subpopulations.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Environmental sur-
veys, 'Toxicology, 'Public health, 'Industrial hygiene,
'Toluene, Exposure, Risk, Assessments, Sources, In-
dustrial wastes, Ecology, Air pollution, Water pollution,
Humans, Exhaust emissions, Materials tests,
Plants(Botany), Animals, Microorganisms, Waste dis-
posal, 'Health risks, 'Toxic substances, 'Environmen-
tal health, 'Occupational safety and health, Path of
pollutants, Land pollution.
PB65-221513/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Exposure and Risk Assessment for Trichloroethy-
lene. Final rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
R. Thomas, M. Byrne, D. Gilbert, M. Goyer, and K.
Moss. Oct 81,176p EPA/440/4-85/019
Contracts EPA-68-01-5949, EPA-68-01-6017
Prepared in cooperation with Acurex Corp., Mountain
View, CA.
The report assesses the risk of exposure to trichlor-
oethylene. The study is part of a program to identify
the sources of and evaluate exposure to 129 priority
pollutants. The analysis is based on available informa-
tion from government, industry, and technical publica-
tions assembled in March of 1981. The assessment in-
cludes an identification of releases to the environment
during production, use, or disposal of the substance. In
addition, the fate of trichloroethylene in the environ-
ment is considered; ambient levels to which various
populations of humans and aquatic life are exposed
are reported. Exposure levels are estimated and avail-
able data on toxicity are presented and interpreted. In-
formation concerning all of these topics is combined in
an assessment of the risks of exposure to trichloroeth-
ylene for various subpopulations.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Environmental sur-
veys, 'Toxicology, 'Public health, 'Industrial hygiene,
Exposure. Assessments, Sources, Industrial wastes,
Ecology, Air pollution, Water pollution, Ecology,
Humans, Exhaust emissions, Materials tests,
Plants(Botany), Animals, Microorganisms, 'Health
risks, "Toxic substances, "Environmental health, "Oc-
cupational safety and health, "Ethylene/trichloro, Path
of pollutants, Land pollution.
PB85-221661/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Survey of Carbon Tetrachloride Emission
Sources. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. H. Howie, S. A. Shareef, and J. A. Kowalski. Jul 85,
225p EPA/450/3-85/018
Contract EPA-68-02-3816
The document contains information on sources, cur-
rent emission rates, current emission controls, and
cost estimates for additional emission reductions.
Keywords: "Air pollution, Emissions, Sources, Cost es-
timates, "Pollution control, "Carbon tetrachloride, He-
patotoxins.
PB85-221679/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Cadmium Contamination of the Environment: An
Assessment of Nationwide Risks. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
C. G. Delos. Feb 85,77p EPA/440/4-85/023
The incidence of cadmium induced harm to human
health and aquatic life was evaluated and linked to
pathways of exposure and means of disposal. The
population's median exposure appears to be 12% of
the kidney toxicity threshold. Statistical extrapolations
suggest that 1-2 persons/million might exceed a toxic
threshold among nonsmokers, ana somewhat more
among smokers. For the potential of lung cancer, the
median ambient inhalation exposure could be project-
ed to yield a lifetime upper-bound risk of .000004. Data
indicate that tobacco smoking and food contribute
most of the population's total cadmium burden, and
that ambient air inhalation and drinking water contrib-
ute much less. The cadmium content of food and to-
bacco is believed to be related to the cadmium content
of topsoil. Most of the cadmium handled by man is
likely to be disposed of by landfill burial. Nevertheless,
there are some pathways for the addition of cadmium
to cropland topsoil. These include phosphate fertilizer,
sewage sludge land-spreading, emissions deposition,
and irrigation water. Modeling suggests a very gradual
increase in population exposure due to these path-
ways. The extent of any cadmium induced impairment
of aquatic life remains uncertain. Point source dis-
charges of cadmium are estimated to be decreasing,
however.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Environmental sur-
veys, "Toxicology, 'Public health, "Industrial hygiene,
"Cadmium, Sludge disposal, Exposure, Risk, Assess-
ments, Sources, Mathematical models. Industrial
wastes. Ecology, Air pollution, Water pollution, Nation-
al government, Humans, Exhaust emissions, Materials
tests, Plants(Botany), Animals, Microorganisms,
Waste disposal, Soils, "Health risks, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Environmental health, 'Occupational safety
and health, Heavy metals, Path of pollutants, Land pol-
lution.
PB85-221695/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Exposure and Risk Assessment for Phenol (Re-
vised). Final rapt.,
Little (Arthur D), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
K. Scow, M. Goyer, E. Payne, J. Perwak, and R.
Thomas. Oct 81,197p EPA/440/4-85/013
Contract EPA-68-01-3857
The report assesses the risk of exposure to phenol.
The study is part of a program to identify the sources of
and evaluate exposure to 129 priority pollutants. The
analysis is based on available information from gov-
ernment, industry, and technical publications assem-
bled in September of 1980. The assessment includes
an identification of releases to the environment during
production, use, or disposal of the substance. In addi-
tion, the fate of phenols in the environment is consid-
ered; ambient levels to which various populations of
humans and aquatic life are exposed and reported. Ex-
posure levels are estimated and available data on tox-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
icity are presented and interpreted. Information con-
cerning all of these topics is combined in an assess-
ment of the risks of exposure to phenols for various
subpopulations.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Environmental sur-
veys, 'Toxicology, 'Public health, 'Industrial hygiene,
'Phenol, Exposure, Risk, Assessments, Sources, In-
dustrial wastes, Ecology, Air pollution, Water pollution,
Humans, Exhaust emissions, Materials tests,
Plants(Botany), Animals, Microorganisms, Waste dis-
posal, 'Health risks, Toxic substances, 'Environmen-
tal health, 'Occupational safety and health, Path of
pollutants, Land pollution.
PB85-221711/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Exposure and Risk Assessment for Arsenic (Re-
vised). Final rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
K. Scow, M. Byrne, M. Goyer, L. Nelken, and P. Cruse.
Mar 82, 300p EPA/440/4-85/005
Contracts EPA-68-01-6160, EPA-68-01-6017
Prepared in cooperation with Acurex Corp., Mountain
View, CA.
The report assesses the risk of exposure to arsenic.
The study is part of a program to identify the sources of
and evaluate exposure to 129 priority pollutants. The
analysis is based on available information from gov-
ernment, industry, and technical publications assem-
bled in March of 1981. The assessment includes an
identification of releases to the environment during
production, use, or disposal of the substance. In addi-
tion, the fate of arsenic in the environment is consid-
ered; ambient levels to which various populations of
humans and aquatic life are exposed are reported. Ex-
posure levels are estimated and available data on tox-
icity are presented and interpreted. Information con-
cerning all of these topics is combined in an assess-
ment of the risks of exposure to arsenic for various
subpopulations.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Environmental sur-
veys, 'Toxicology, "Public health, 'Industrial hygiene,
'Arsenic, Exposure, Risk, Assessments, Sources, In-
dustrial wastes, Ecology, Air pollution, Water pollution,
Humans, Exhaust emissions, Materials tests
Plants(Botany), Animals, Microorganisms, Waste dis-
posal, 'Health risks, "Toxic substances, "Environmen-
tal health, "Occupational safety and health, Path of
pollutants, Land pollution.
PB8S-221729/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Fundamental Studies of Sorbent Calcination and
Sulfation for S02 Control from Coal-Fired Boilers.
Final rept. Jul 82-Sep 83,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
J. A. Cole, W. D. Clark, M. P. Heap, J. C. Kramlich, and
G. S. Samuels on. Jun 85,186p EPA/600/7-85/027
Contract EPA-68-02-3633
The report gives results of a laboratory-scale investi-
gation of the reactivity of calcium-based sorbents for
S02 capture after calcination at furnace operating
temperatures (1200-1950 C). This work was undertak-
en to provide fundamental information for developing
S02 emission control technology in pulverized-coal-
fired utility boilers. Pulverized sorbents (< 100 mi-
crometer diameter) were calcined by injection into a
laboratory gas flame reactor. Experimental variables
were time, temperature, gas composition, limestone
type, and particle size. Samples were collected for
analysis of surface area, extent of calcination, particle
size distribution, and reactivity toward S02. Particle
heating, calcination, and surface area development
occurred typically in 25-35 ms. Flyash materials re-
duced both the surface area and the S02 reactivity of
the sorbents tested: calcite was affected the most, and
dolomite the least. An approximately linear correlation
was found between S02 reactivity and specific surface
area which covered both limestones and limestone/
mineral mixtures.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sorbents, "Boilers,
"Roasting, "Sulfation, Experimental design, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Particle size, Sampling,
Particle size, Physical properties, High temperature
tests, Calcite, Electric power plants, Fly ash, Surfaces,
Limestone, Calcium hydroxide, "Coal fired power
plants, Limestone injection.
386 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB85-222545/HSU	PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Monitoring and Data Support Div.
Exposure and Risk Assessment for
Benzo(a)pyrene and Other Polycycilc Aromatic
Hydrocarbons.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Jul 82, 542p-in 4v
Set includes PB85-222552 through PB85-222586.
No abstract available.
PB85-222552/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Monitoring and Data Support Div.
Exposure and Risk Assessment for
Benzo(a)pyrene and Other Polycyclic Aromatic
Hydrocarbons. Volume 1. Summary. Final rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
J. Harris, J. Perwak, and S. Coons. Jul 82, 55p EPA/
440/4-85/020-V1
Contract EPA-68-01-6160
See also PB85-222560.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB85-
222545.
The report assesses the risk of exposure to polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Volume I is part of a
four-volume report, summarizing an analysis of 16
PAHs: benzo(a)pyrene, naphthalene, anthracene, ace-
naphthene, fluoranthene, fluorene, phenanthrene,
pyrene, acenaphthylene, benz(a)anthracene,
benzo(b)fluoranthene,	benzo(k)fluoranthene,
benzo(g,h,i)perylene,	chrysene,
dibenz(a,h)anthracene, and indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene.
The study is part of a program to identify the sources of
and evaluate exposure to 129 priority pollutants. The
analysis is based on available information from gov-
ernment, industry, and technical publications assem-
bled in July of 1982. The assessment includes an iden-
tification of releases to the environment during produc-
tion, use, or disposal of the substances. In addition, the
fate of PAHs in the environment is considered; ambi-
ent levels to which various populations of humans and
aquatic life are exposed are reported. Exposure levels
are estimated and available data on toxicity are pre-
sented and interpreted. Information concerning all of
these topics is combined in an assessment of the risks
of exposure to PAHs for various subpopulations.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Environmental sur-
veys, 'Toxicology, "Public health, "Industrial hygiene,
'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Exposure, Risk,
Assessments, Sources, Industrial wastes, Ecology, Air
pollution, Water pollution, Ecology, Humans, Exhaust
emissions, Materials tests, Plants(Botany), Animals,
Microorganisms, 'Health risks, 'Toxic substances,
'Environmental health, 'Occupational safety and
health, *Benzo(a)pyrene, Path of pollutants, Land pol-
lution, Benzopyrenes.
PB85-222S60/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Monitoring and Data Support Div.
Exposure and Risk Assessment for
8enzo(a)pyrene and Other Polycyclic Aromatic
Hydrocarbons. Volume 2. Naphthalene. Final rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
S. Coons, M. Byrne, M. Goyer, J. Harris, and J. Perwak.
Oct 82,113p EPA/440/4-85/020-V2
Contract EPA-68-01-6160
See also PB85-222552, and PB85-222578. Prepared
in cooperation with Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB85-
222545.
The report assesses the risk of exposure to polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Volume II is part of a
four-volume report, analyzing 16 PAHs; the volume
concerns naphthalene. The study is part of a program
to identify the sources of and evaluate exposure to 129
priority pollutants. The analysis is based on available
information from government, industry, and technical
publications assembled in June of 1981. The assess-
ment includes an identification of releases to the envi-
ronment during production, use, or disposal of the sub-
stance. In addition, the fate of naphthalene in the envi-
ronment is considered; ambient levels to which various
populations of humans and aquatic life are exposed
are reported. Exposure levels are estimated and avail-
able data on toxicity are presented and interpreted. In-
formation concerning all of these topics is combined in
an assessment of the risks of exposure to naphthalene
for various subpopulations.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Environmental sur-
veys, "Toxicology, 'Public health, "Industrial hygiene,
'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, "Naphthalene, Ex-
posure, Risk, Assessments, Sources, Industrial
wastes, Ecology, Air pollution, Water pollution, Ecolo-
gy, Humans, Exhaust emissions, Materials tests,
Plants(Botany), Animals, Microorganisms, "Health
risks, "Toxic substances, 'Environmental health, 'Oc-
cupational safety and health, *Benzo(a)pyrene, Path
of pollutants, Land pollution, Benzopyrenes.
PB8S-222578/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Monitoring and Data Support Div.
Exposure and Risk Assessment for
Benzo(a)pyrene and Other Polycyclic Aromatic
Hydrocarbons. Volume 3. Anthracene, Acenaph-
thene, Fluoranthene, Fluorene, Phenanthrene, and
Pyrene. Final rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
M. Byrne, S. Coons, M Goyer, J. Harris, and J. Perwak.
Oct 82,159p EPA/440/4-85/020-V3
Contract EPA-68-01-6160
See also PB85-222560, and PB85-222586. Prepared
in cooperation with Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB85-
222545.
The report assesses the risk of exposure to polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Volume III is part of a
four-volume report, analyzing 16 PAHs; it concerns six
of these: anthracene, acenaphthene, fluoranthene, flu-
orene, phenanthrene, and pyrene. The study is part of
a program to identify the sources of and evaluate ex-
posure to 129 priority pollutants. The analysis is based
on available information from government, industry,
and technical publications assembled in June of 1981.
The assessment includes an identification of releases
to the environment during production, use, or disposal
of the substances. In addition, the fate of PAHs in the
environment is considered; ambient levels to which
various populations of humans and aquatic life are ex-
posed are reported. Exposure levels are estimated
and available data on toxicity are presented and inter-
preted. Information concerning all of these topics is
combined in an assessment of the risks of exposure to
PAHs for various subpopulations.
Keywords: 'Acenaphthene, 'Hazardous materials,
"Environmental surveys, 'Toxicology, 'Public health,
"Industrial hygiene, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocar-
bons, Exposure, Risk, Assessments, Sources, Industri-
al wastes, Ecology, Air pollution, Water pollution,
Humans, Exhaust emissions, Materials tests,
Plants(Botany), Animals, Microorganisms, 'Health
risks, 'Toxic substances, 'Environmental health, 'Oc-
cupational safety and health, *Benzo(a)pyrene, Path
of pollutants. Land pollution, Benzopyrenes, 'Pyrene,
"Phenanthrene, "Fluorene, 'Fluoranthene, "Anthra-
cene.
PB85-222586/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Monitoring and Data Support Div.
Exposure and Risk Assessment for
Benzo(a)pyrene and Other Polycycilc Aromatic
Hydrocarbons. Volume 4. Bsnzo(a)pyren«, Ace-
naphthylene, Benz(a)anthracene, Chrysene,
Dlbenz(a,h)anthracene, Benzo(b)fluoranthene,
Benzo(k)fluoranthene, Benzo
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
production, use, or disposal of the substances. In addi-
tion, the fate of PAHs in the environment is consid-
ered; ambient levels to which various populations of
humans and aquatic life are exposed are reported. Ex-
posure levels are estimated and available data on tox-
icity are presented and interpreted. Information con-
cerning all of these topics is combined in an assess-
ment of the risks of exposure to PAHs for various sub-
populations.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Environmental sur-
veys, 'Toxicology, 'Public health, 'Industrial hygiene,
Exposure, Risk, Assessments, Sources, Acenaphthy-
lenes, Industrial wastes, Ecology, Air pollution, Water
pollution, Humans, Exhaust emissions, Materials tests,
Plants(Botany), Animals, Microorganisms, Waste dis-
posal, 'Health risks, "Toxic substances, "Environmen-
tal health, "Occupational safety and health,
*Benzo(a)pyrene, Path of pollutants, Land pollution,
Benzopyrenes, 'Acenaphthylene, "Benzanthracene,
"Benzofluoranthene, "Benzoperylene, 'Chrysene,
* Dibenzanthracene, * Indenopyrene.
PB85-222651/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Proceedings of the Workshop: Blodegradation Ki-
netics, Navarre Beach, Florida, 18-20 October
1983,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
A. W. Bourquin, P. H. Pritchard, W. W. Walker, and R.
Parrish. Jun 85,171p* EPA/600/9-85/018
The ORD internal report is a summary of proceedings
of the Workshop on Biodegradation Kinetics organized
to examine future directions and focus of scientific in-
vestigations of the kinetic aspects of microbial degra-
dation rates of organic chemicals in natural environ-
ments. Position papers cover the following topics: (1)
statistical and experimental requirements for modeling
decay curves; (2) the 'second order' approach as-
sumption, limitations and research needs; (3) factors
controlling biodegradation rates in microbial communi-
ties; (4) application of uptake and mineralization kinet-
ics; (5) relationships between chemical structure and
biodegradation rates; and (6) extrapolation of laborato-
ry biodegradation data to the field. Discussions within
each session are summarized by panel members in re-
ports that include a consensus of the direction and
extent of research required for the description of bio-
degradation rates of xenobiotic chemicals in natural
environments.
Keywords: "Biodeterioration, 'Reaction kinetics,
'Meetings, 'Environmental surveys, "Organic com-
pounds, Forecasting, Microorganisms, Transport prop-
erties, Mathematical models, Decay, Experimental
design, 'Path of pollutants, 'Land pollution, Toxic sub-
stances, Navarre Beach(Florida), Natural emissions.
PB85-222669/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Protection of Corn, 1980-November 1984: AGRI-
COLA (Agricultural On-Llne Access) Citations lor
Diseases, Insects, Nematodes, Chemicals, and
Other Environmental Considerations. Bibliogra-
phies and literature of agriculture,
National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.
C. N. Bebee. Jun 85,224p* BLA-36
Literature citations relating to the protection of corn
were selected from the AGRICOLA-Agricultural On-
Line Access data base, produced by the National Agri-
cultural Library. The listing is subdivided by the section
headings currently used Tor the AGRICOLA tape and
each is cited under every assigned heading. Citations
cover the practices used to protect corn from dis-
eases, insects, nematodes, chemicals, injuries in-
curred in tillage, and other environmental problems.
Keywords: 'Protection, 'Corn plants, 'Bibliographies,
Plant diseases, Insects, Nematoda, Organic com-
pounds, Plant genetics, Pesticides, Soil chemistry,
Plant physiology, Legislation, Weeds, Soil fertility, Cul-
tivation.
PB85-222768/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Technical Assistance for Huntington Park Group
Treatment Facility. Final rept.,
Centec Corp., Reston, VA.
D. S. Harrison. Jun 85, 59p EPA/600/2-85/078
Contract EPA-68-03-2907
In 1980 a preliminary study of the group treatment con-
cept was conducted at a number of plating firms within
Huntington Industrial Park, Providence, Rhode Island.
The work described herein investigated the 1982
status of pollution control in Huntington Industrial Park
through three case studies. The studies revealed that
these plants were either meeting or showed promise of
meeting 1982 pretreatment regulations on levels of
cyanides and heavy metals. This was achieved
through in-plant changes to reduce water consump-
tion, installation of recovery equipment, and elimina-
tion of cyanide process solutions.
Keywords: 'Metal finishing, 'Waste treatment, 'Solid
waste disposal, 'Industrial wastes, Cyanides, Electro-
plating, Hazardous materials, Recovery, Waste water,
Sludge, Hydroxides, Water consumption, Rhode
Island, 'Heavy metals.
PB85-222776/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Complex
Terrain Model Development. Fourth Milestone
Report -1984. Interim rept. Jun 83-Jun 84,
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Con-
cord, MA.
D. G. Strimaitis, T. F. Lavery, A. Venkatram, D. C.
DiCristofaro, and B. R. Greene. Feb 85,345p EPA/
600/3-84/110
Contract EPA-68-02-3421
See also PB83-220020.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is sponsor-
ing the Complex Terrain Development program, a
multi-year integrated program to develop, and validate
practical plume dispersion models of known reliability
and accuracy for simulating one-hour-average ground-
level concentrations downwind of elevated sources
during stable atmospheric conditions in complex ter-
rain. The first major component of the Complex Terrain
Model Development program was a field study con-
ducted during the fall of 1980 at Cinder Cone Butte, a
roughly axisymmetric, isolated 100-meter tall hill locat-
ed in the broad Snake River Basin near Boise, Idaho.
The second field study was performed during 1982 at
Hogback Ridge, an 85-meter-tall two-dimensional
ridge located west of Farmington, New Mexico. The
report documents work performed subsequent to the
Third Milestone Report to continue further develop-
ment of the Complex Terrain Dispersion Model
(CTDM). In particular, it provides a detailed mathemati-
cal description of CTDM, shows how terrain effects on
plume dispersion are handled, and tests the impor-
tance of using high resolution, onsite meteorological
measurements as input to model calculations. A de-
scription of the preliminary Tracy Power Plant study is
also included.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Terrain models, 'Mathemat-
ical models, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Concentration(Composition), Plumes, Field tests,
Electric power plants, Transport properties, 'Atmos-
pheric dispersion, 'Air quality, 'Complex terrain dis-
persion model.
PB85-222784/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Validation of the Semi-Volatile Organic Sampling
Train Method for Measuring Emissions from Haz-
ardous Waste Incinerators,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. B. Homolya, J. F. McGauhey, D. E. Wagoner, M. W.
Hartmen, and J. H. Margeson. Jun 85,21 p EPA/600/
D-85/135
Contracts EPA-68-03-3148, EPA-68-02-4119
A formulation of the methodology for determining
semi-volatile organic emissions from hazardous waste
incinerators was subjected to an intensive series of
laboratory experiments to determine the viability of the
method. Using a selected series of test compounds, a
method detection limit was established for GC/MS
quantitations of each species. A matrixed-experiment
was performed to evaluate the recovery of the test
compounds introduced into a flue gas simulation
system under two levels of component concentration
and mixed with moisture, HCI, S02, NOx. Low recover-
ies were measured for pyridine and urethane and will
require further study. The methodology was insensitive
to the environment variables introduced by the flue gas
simulation experiments.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Incinerators, 'Gas
detectors, Gas chromatography, Mass spectroscopy,
Concentration(Composition), Flue gases, Experimen-
tal design, Design criteria, Hydrogen chloride, Sulfur di-
oxide, Nitrogen oxides, Sampling, Performance eval-
uation, 'Volatile organic compounds, "Air pollution de-
tection.
PB85-222792/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Experimental Acidification of a Stream Tributary
to Hubbard Brook. Environmental research brief,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
R. J. Hall, and G. E. Likens. May 85,9p EPA/600/M-
85/011
Grant EPA-R-807104
See also PB84-124254.
Long (5 mo.) and short-term (1 h to 2 days) effects of
acidic pH have been measured in a poorly buffered
mountain stream within the Hubbard Brook Experi-
mental Forest, New Hampshire. Over a 5-month period
aluminum, calcium, magnesium, and potassium were
mobilized into the stream water during experimental
acidification, and nitrogen was lost via invertebrates
and organic matter. Periphyton biomass increased at
low pH and fungal densities increased. Emergence of
adult mayflies, stoneflies and true flies decreased,
whereas immature invertebrates in the drift increased.
Short-term pulses of acid also changed the stream
ecosystem as indicated by significant net fluxes of or-
ganic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in biologically
bound forms. Aluminum chloride was added to the
stream to simulate increased aluminum concentra-
tions during snowmelt. A significant decrease in pH
and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) occurred, as well
as an increase in foam accumulation at the stream sur-
face. Foam production is thought to be due to de-
creased surface tension of the water. A 20% reduction
of surface tension of stream water was measured in
the laboratory. The cause of the reduction is postulat-
ed to be the formation of organo-aluminum complexes
in the stream. Increases in aluminum concentration
were accompanied by changes in both terrestrial and
aquatic drift behavior. Six citations are given for com-
plete publications.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Acidification, "Streams,
"Air water interactions. Experimental design, Air pollu-
tion, Biomass, Aluminum organic compounds, Hydroly-
sis, Oxidation, Insecticides, Fresh water, Surface ten-
sion, Complex compounds, Air pollution, Forests,
"Hubbard Brook, "Acid rain, Ecosystems, Water pollu-
tion effects(Animals), Acid mine drainage.
PB85-222826/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Monitoring and Data Support Div.
Approach to Assessing Exposure to and Risk of
Environmental Pollutants (Revised). Final rept.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Apr 83, 262p EPA/440/4-85/021
Contracts EPA-68-01 -3857, EPA-68-01 -5949
The report describes an integrated exposure and risk
methodology developed for the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) as part of a program to
assess exposure/risk of 65 classes of chemicals (129
'priority pollutants') in the water environment. It pro-
vides an overview of the risk assessment process and
a detailed discussion of the analytic components of an
environmental exposure and risk assessment includ-
ing approaches for evaluating: the environmental load-
ings resulting from production, transport, use, and dis-
posal of the chemicals; the mechanisms of pollutant
transport and transformation in environmental media
and the concentrations detected; the extent of expo-
sure of humans and other biota; and the risk presented
to exposed populations. The methodology is intended
to provide a general understanding of environmental
exposure and risk assessment and to assist those who
will be conducting this type of analysis. It contains nu-
merous examples from exposure and risk assess-
ments of 54 priority pollutants performed for EPA and
a bibliography of source materials.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Environmental sur-
veys, "Toxicology, "Public health, "Industrial hygiene,
"Chemical compounds, Exposure, Assessments,
Sources, Industrial wastes, Ecology, Air pollution,
Water pollution, Ecology, Humans, Exhaust emissions,
Materials tests, Plants(Botany), Animals, Microorga-
nisms, "Health risks, "Toxic substances, ,'Environ-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
mental health, "Occupational safety and health, Path
of pollutants, Land pollution.
PB85-222834/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Monitoring and Data Support Div.
Water-Borne Routes of Human Exposure Through
Food and Drinking Water (Revised). Final rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
J. Perwak, F. Adamson, D. Gilbert, K. Scow, and D.
Wallace. Apr 83,62p* EPA/440/4-85/022
Contracts EPA-68-01-3857, EPA-68-01-5949
The report discusses methods for identifying and
quantifying water-borne routes of contamination of
human food and drinking water. The work was per-
formed for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) as part of a program to assess exposure/risk of
65 classes of chemicals (129 'priority pollutants') in the
water environment. It is intended as a first step in de-
veloping methods for estimating levels of contami-
nants in food and drinking water resulting from water-
borne routes of migration. Points of water contact with
food in growth stages, processing, and preparation are
identified. A simplified methodology is presented for
evaluating pollutant intakes during the growth phase of
crops, livestock, poultry, and fish, and information is
presented on water use in food processing and home
preparation. The routes of contamination of drinking
water during treatment and distribution are identified.
Keywords: 'Food, "Water supply, "Water pollution,
Humans, Identifying, Food contamination, Exposure,
Risk, Organic compounds, Poultry, Farm crops, Live-
stock, Fishes, Food processing, Irrigation, Aquatic ani-
mals, "Drinking water, "Water borne diseases.
PB85-223816/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Fish and Wildlife Service, Fort Collins, CO. Western
Energy Land Use Team.
Proceedings of the National Wetland Values As-
sessment Workshop Held at Alexandria, VA. on
May 23-26,1983.
Creative Consulting Corp., Fort Collins, CO.
May 84,115p FWS/OBS-84/12
Contract FWS-14-16-0009-82-033
Sponsored by Federal Highway, Administration, Wash-
ington, DC., National Marine Fisheries Service, Wash-
ington, DC., and Office of Surface Mining Reclamation
and Enforcement (Dl), Washington, DC.
The report summarizes information resulting from the
Wetland Values Assessment Workshop held in Alex-
andria, VA from May 23-25, 1983. Forty wetlands ex-
perts from 17 sponsoring agencies discussed wetland
value assessment, focusing on the method for wetland
functional assessment recently prepared for the Fed-
eral Highway Administration. The workshop resulted in
the development of a National Wetlands Values As-
sessment Methodology which incorporates food chain,
socio-economic, hydrology, habitat, and water quality
values of wetlands.
Keywords: "Water resources. "Swamps, "Meetings,
Assessments, Food chains, Hydrology, Socioeconom-
icstatus, Water quality, "Wetlands, "Habitats.
PB85-224525/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Integrating Nephelometer Response Corrections
for Bimodal Size Distributions. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
H. Hasan, and C. W. Lewis. 1983,13p EPA/600/J-83/
305
Pub. in Aerosol Science and Technology 2, p443-453
Dec 83.
Correction factors are calculated for obtaining true
scattering extinction coefficients from integrating
nephelometer measurements. The corrections are
based on the bimodai representation of ambient aero-
sol size distributions, and take account of the effects of
angular truncation and sampling efficiency cutoff. Nu-
merical values of correction factors appropriate to the
conventional governing equation of the integrating
nephelometer are shown to be indistinguishable from
those of the more complex governing equation of Ra-
binoff and Herman.
Keywords: "Nephelometers, "Atmospheric scattering,
Air pollution, Absorptivity, Correction, Reprints, Ex-
tinction coefficients, Atmospheric transmissivity.
388 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB85-224533	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Urban Visual Air Quality Judgments: Reliability
and Validity. Journal article,
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder,
CO.
T. R. Stewart, P. Middleton, and D. Ely. C1983,18p
EPA/600/J-83/306
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Psychology 3, p129-145
Jun 83.
Visual air quality is fundamentally a human response to
characteristics of the physical environment. A proce-
dure based on judgments of human observers for
measuring visual air quality in urban areas is de-
scribed, and its reliability and validity are examined
using the results of several studies conducted in a
metropolitan area. It is concluded that the procedure
provides a measure that is sufficiently reliable and
valid to warrant its use in studies of the causes and
consequences of changes in visual air quality. Sub-
stantial agreement was found among individuals with
regard to judgments of visual air quality, but the possi-
bility of differences between trained and untrained ob-
servers requires further investigation. The paper pro-
vides an example of methods that can be used, and
issues that should be addressed, in the development
of perceived environmental quality indices.
Keywords: "Visual perception, "Air quality, Reliability,
Validity, Urban areas, Humans, Responses, Reprints,
"Air pollution effects(Humans).
PB85-224541/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Functional and Biochemical Indicators of Pneu-
moconiosis in Mice: Comparison with Rats. Jour-
nal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
G. E. Hatch, J. A. Raub, and J. A. Graham. 1984,13p
EPA/600/ J-84/311
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health
13, n4 P487-497 May 84.
Mice were injected intratracheal^ with silica or Mt. St.
Helens volcanic ash (0.2 mg/g body weight) and ex-
amined 6 months later for changes in lung function,
histology, and hydroxyproline content. Results were
compared with a similar study using rats. Mice injected
with volcanic ash showed significant changes only in
wet lung weights. Those injected with silica showed an
approximate doubling of lung wet weight and dry
weight and hydroxyproline content. Larger increases
were seen if lymph nodes were left attached. Lung
compliance, total lung capacity and the shape of the
pressure-volume curve of the lung were changed as
much as 22% in the silica treated mice. A mild degree
of fibrosis with no dense lung consolidation was noted
microscopically in silica treated mice. In contrast, silica
treated rats showed dense lung consolidation, 3-5 fold
increases in lung weights and hydroxyproline content,
and up to 40% reductions in pulmonary function meas-
urements.
Keywords: "Pneumoconiosis, "Volcanic ejecta, Respi-
ratory diseases. Mice, Rats, Laboratory animals, Indi-
cator species, Reprints, Bioindicators, Mount Saint
Helens.
PB85-224632/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Testing of Wall-Fired Furnaces to Reduce Emis-
sions of NO(sub X) and SO(sub X): Volume 1. Final
Report. Rept. for Aug 82-Nov 83,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
P. L. Case, L, Ho, W. D. Clark, E. Kau, and D. W.
Pershing. Jun 85.336p EPA/600/7-85/026A
Contract EPA-68-02-3921
See also PB85-224640.
The report gives results of a study to clarify the proc-
esses that control sulfur capture by dry sorbents inject-
ed directly into a pulverized-coal-fired system, and to
develop methods for generalizing data from one test
furnace to another and from test facilities to fired appli-
cation. Most experiments were conducted in a 1 million
Btu/hr down-fired furnace to determine the effects of:
fuel type, sorbent type, injection location, peak flame
temperature, S02 concentration, and burner zone stoi-
chiometry. Conclusions of the study include: (1) the
concentration of S02 in the natural-gas-fired tests had
a slight effect on sulfur capture, increasing capture at
Ca/S = 2 from 26% at 500 ppm to 40% at 3500 ppm
S02; (2) the concentration of mineral matter in the
system had a very strong impact on capture at all S02
concentrations and Ca/S ratios tested; (3) injecting
the sorbent downstream from the main flame resulted
in improved utilization in coal flames; and (4) the effect
of sorbent type on capture with a given fuel was de-
pendent on the firing conditions-including sorbent in-
jection location and thermal conditions (the hydrated
limes seemed to be most sensitive to thermal condi-
tions and the Vicron limestone least sensitive). Dolo-
mite gave the highest capture with all of the fuels
tested.
Keywords: "Burners, "Air pollution control, "Nitrogen
oxides, "Sulfur oxides, "Boilers, Design criteria, Per-
formance evaluation, Calcium carbonates, Combus-
tion products, Industrial wastes. Natural gas. Experi-
mental design, Pilot plants, Calcium oxides, Propane,
Lignite, Dolomite, "Limestone injection multistage
burners, 'Low nitrogen oxides concentration firing sys-
tems, "Boiler simulator furnaces, "Distributed mixing
burners, Coal water slurries, Fuel-air ratio.
PB8S-224640/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC, Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Testing of Wall-Fired Furnaces to Reduce Emis-
sions of NO(sub X) and SO(sub X). Volume 2. Ap-
pendices. Final rept. Aug 82-Nov 83,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
P. L. Case, L. Ho, W. D. Clark, E. Kau, and D. W.
Pershing. Jun 85,251p EPA/600/7-85/026B
Contract EPA-68-02-3921
See also PB85-224632.
The report gives results of a study to clarify the proc-
esses that control sulfur capture by dry sorbents inject-
ed directly into a pulverized-coal-fired system, and to
develop methods for generalizing data from one test
furnace to another and from test facilities to fired appli-
cation. Most experiments were conducted in a 1 million
Btu/hr down-fired furnace to determine the effects of:
fuel type, sorbent type, injection location, peak flame
temperature, S02 concentration, and burner zone stoi-
chiometry. Conclusions of the study include: (1) the
concentration of S02 in the natural-gas-fired tests had
a slight effect on sulfur capture, increasing capture at
Ca/S = 2 from 26% at 500 ppm to 40% at 3500 ppm
S02; (2) the concentration of mineral matter in the
system had a very strong impact on capture at all S02
concentrations and Ca/S ratios tested; (3) injecting
the sorbent downstream from the main flame resulted
in improved utilization in coal flames; and (4) the effect
of sorbent type on capture with a given fuel was de-
pendent on the firing conditions-including sorbent in-
jection location and thermal conditions (the hydrated
limes seemed to be most sensitive to thermal condi-
tions and the Vicron limestone least sensitive). Dolo-
mite gave the highest capture with all of the fuels
tested.
Keywords: "Burners, "Air pollution control, "Nitrogen
oxides, 'Sulfur oxides, "Boilers,
Concentration(Composition), Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, Calcium carbonates, Combustion
products, Industrial wastes, Tables(Data), Natural gas,
Experimental design, Pilot plants, Calcium oxides, Pro-
pane, Lignite, Dolomite, "Limestone injection multis-
tage burners, "Low nitrogen oxides concentration
firing systems, * Boiler simulator furnaces, "Distributed
mixing burners, Coal water slurries, Fuel-air ratio.
PB85-2246S7/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Bench Scale Studies of Limestone ln|ection for
S02 Control. Final rept. Jun 80-Jun 83,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
P. L. Case, L. Ho, M. P. Heap, R. Payne, and D. W.
Pershing. Jun 85,282p EPA/600/7-85/025
Contract EPA-68-02-2667
The report gives results of experiments in a boiler sim-
ulator furnace, indicating that the parameters of major
importance to S02 capture are thermal environment,
calcium/sulfur ratio, and sorbent composition. Ther-
mal environment (local temperature) had a strong
effect on the utilization of dry sorbents injected directly
into the furnace. Burner staged experiments showed
the influence of temperature most clearly: a reduction
in peak flame temperature, due to either cooling in the
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
capture significantly. Changes in other combustion pa-
rameters (e.g., sorbent location and injection velocity)
had secondary effects on sulfur capture. The influence
of sorbent type (Vicron 45-3, Vicron 15-15, Michigan
marl, hydrated lime--Ca(OH)2, and dolomite) on sulfur
capture was studied at five different combustion condi-
tions: Indiana No. 3 coal fired in the distributed mixing
burner with and without external cooling, Indiana No. 3
coal under externally staged conditions, and propane
doped with H2S. In general, dolomite gave good cap-
ture under all conditions. Hydrated lime appeared to be
most sensitive to thermal environment, and dolomite
was least sensitive. High captures were observed for
all sorbents when the primary fuel was propane/H2S.
Keywords: 'Burners, "Sorbents, "Sulfur dioxide, "Air
pollution control, Experimental design, Nitrogen
oxides, Temperature, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Design criteria, Thermal analysis,
Graphs(Charts), Lignite, Calcium carbonates, Dolo-
mite, Performance evaluation, Revisions, Propane,
'Low nitrogen oxides concentration firing systems,
'Limestone injection multistage burners, 'Distributed
mixing burners, 'Boiler simulated furnaces, Vicron 45-
3, Vicron 15-15, Michigan marl, Combustion modifica-
tions, Coal-water slurries.
PB85-224756/HSU	PC A23/MF A01
Hazardous Waste Sites: Descriptions of Sites on
Current National Priorities List, October 1984.
Annual rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Dec 84, 547p EPA/HW-8.5
The document is a compilation of 1 -page descriptions
of the 538 sites that the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) has placed on its National Priorities List
(NPL). These sites are targeted for possible long-term
cleanup under the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation, and Liability Act ('CERCLA' or
'Superfund'). Conditions at the site are described at
the time EPA first proposed the site for the NPL, and
the status of any cleanup activities is given as of Octo-
ber 1984. The document brings together in one
volume descriptions made available earlier (in Sep-
tember 1983, May 1984, and September 1984) when
the sites were placed on the NPL. EPA plans each
year to issue a companion volume of descriptions of
new sites placed on the NPL that year,
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
'Air pollution control, 'Waste treatment, Sites, Nation-
al government, State government, Regulations, Re-
porting, Water supply, Water pollution control, Feasibil-
ity, 'Hazardous air pollutant prioritization system,
"Listings, 'Superfund program, "Remedial actions,
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensa-
tion and Liability Act, Oil pollution.
PB85-224988/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Long-Range Research Agenda for the Period
1986-1991 (Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Apr 85,80p EPA/600/9-85/001
The framework for the document is based on scientific
issues identified by EPA's Research Committees com-
posed of representatives of the Office of Research De-
velopment (ORD), Agency Program (regulatory) Of-
fices and the Regions. One of the major issues is the
development and evaluation of research on the impact
and mitigation of acid deposition. Hazardous waste re-
search is also a high priority. Other issues include bio-
technology, reproductive toxicology and exposure as-
sessment. A significant component of ORD's activities
is devoted to the shorter-term resolution of technical
issues identified by EPA's regulatory offices, including
technical support and assistance. ORD also conducts
oversight roles in quality assurance. In cooperation
with Program Offices, ORD has been given the man-
agement responsibility for ensuring the consistency
and technical competence of the risR assessment pro-
gram, and managing new intra-Agency risk assess-
ment workgroups for: carcinogenicity; mutagenicity;
developmental toxicity; systemic effects; assessment
of chemical mixtures; and exposure assessment.
Keywords: 'Research, Water, Air, Radiation, Hazard-
ous materials, Energy, Pesticides, "Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, T oxic substances.
PB85-224996/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Qulde to EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)
Libraries and Information Services (Sixth Edition).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Information Management and Services Div.
Apr 85, 67p EPA/IMSD-85/001
See also P880-226624.
The Guide to EPA Libraries and Information Services
provides background on the collections and services
available in each of the 28 EPA libraries and indicates
the hours that the libraries are open.
Keywords: "Libraries, 'Information centers. National
government, Sites, Instructions, Coding, Librarians,
'Environmental Protection Agency.
PB85-225027/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Development of an Optical Monitor for Toxic Or-
ganic Compounds in Air. Final rept. Oct 83-Oct 84,
California Univ., Berkeley. Lawrence Berkeley Lab.
T. Hadeishi, M. Pollard, R. McLaughlin, and M. Koga.
Jun 85, 42p EPA/600/4-85/043
The objectives of the study were: (a) to design, con-
struct, and deliver a prototype atomic line molecular
spectrometer (ALMS) benzene monitor and (b) to
locate matches of atomic lines and sharp molecular
absorption features in other toxic organic compounds
for possible use in ALMS or TALMS techniques. ALMS
and TALMS are newly developed, high resolution mo-
lecular absorption techniques which are used in the
vacuum untraviolet and ultraviolet regions of the opti-
cal spectrum to detect organic molecules in the gas
phase. The dual beam prototype ALMS instrument
was designed, constructed, tested and delivered to the
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, U.S.
EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, in De-
cember, 1984. It was designed for monitoring benzene
and other organic compounds with the 184.9 and
253.7 nm mercury lines.
Keywords: "Monitors, 'Organic compounds. Air pollu-
tion, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, "Toxic
substances, "Air pollution detection, "Atomic line mo-
lecular spectrometers, "Tunable atomic line molecular
spectroscopy, Benzene.
PB85-22503S	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Bacterial TOC (Total Organic Carbon) Removal on
Sand and GAC (Granular Activated Carbon). Jour-
nol artirlo
Philadelphia Water Dept., PA.
S. W. Maloney, K. Bancroft, W. O. Pipes, and I. H.
Suffet. C1984,17p EPA/600/J-84/314
Grant EPA-R-806256
Presented at American Society of Civil Engineers Na-
tional Convention on Environmental Engineering, Min-
neapolis, MN., July 14-16,1982.
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Engineering, v110 n3
p519-533 Jun 84.
A method is developed to separate the effects of ad-
sorption and biodegradation in long term total organic
carbon (TOC) removal observed on GAC contactors.
TOC removal is compared on parallel sand and GAC
contactors. Temperature control is used to manipulate
bacterial TOC removal on the contactors. TOC mass
removal curves are used to statistically compare the
removal efficiencies on the four contactors. The ef-
fects of temperature on TOC removal are not signifi-
cantly different on sand or GAC. This indicates that the
rates of bacterial removal on sand and GAC are simi-
lar. Therefore, enhanced biodegradation does not
appear to occur on GAC contactors at the low organic
carbon concentrations normally encountered in pota-
ble water treatment.
Keywords: "Activated carbon treatment, 'Organic
compounds, 'Water treatment, Biodeterioration, Com-
parison, Sands, Temperature, Bacteria. Potable water.
Reprints, "Contactors, Total organic carbon.
PB85-225043	Not available NTIS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada.
OK.
Examination of Scale-Dependent Dispersion Coef-
ficients. Journal article,
Auburn Univ., AL. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
F. J. Molz, O. Gueven, and J. G. Melville. c1983,14p
EPA/600/J-83/302
Grant EPA-R-810704
Pub. in Ground Water, v21 n6 p715-725 Nov-Dec 83.
Many hydrologists have observed that dispersion coef-
ficients, when measured in the field, turn out to be
scale-dependent. Recently, Guven, et al„ (1983) pre-
sented a study which contains a basis for understand-
ing the phenomenon of scale-dependent dispersion
within a deterministic framework. The results of that
study are used as a basis for defining a scale-depend-
ent macro-dispersion coefficient for unidirectional flow
in a stratified aquifer. The study and previous studies
show that the primary physical mechanism that causes
spreading of a solute near the source is different ad-
vection rates at different elevations in the aquifer.
Keywords: "Dispersing, "Ground water, "Aquifers, So-
lutes, Waterflow, Advection, Observation wells, Thick-
ness, Mathematical models, Theorems, Elevation, Hy-
draulic conductivity, Reprints.
PB85-225050/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Reactions of Hypochlorite and Organic N-Chlora-
mines in Stomach Fluid,
Old Dominion Univ., Norfolk, VA.
F. E. Scully, K. Mazina, D. E. Sonenshine, and F. B.
Daniel. Jun 85, 21 p EPA/600/D-85/130
Grant EPA-R-810459
Over the past ten years it has been recognized that
chlorine, used to disinfect drinking water, reacts with
trace organic compounds dissolved in natural waters
to produce by-products which may have adverse
health effects in humans. However, little attention has
been given to the possible reactions of hypochlorous
acid which may take place in the organic-rich medium
of the stomach on ingestion of chlorinated drinking
water. The average person's daily diet includes a mini-
mum of 30 to 45 grams of protein. Through the action
of digestive enzymes in the stomach proteins are
broken down into peptones, large polypeptides, and
about 15% amino acids. Therefore, a variety of amino
nitrogen compounds are available substrates for reac-
tion with aqueous hypochlorous acid in the stomach. It
was the objective of the study described here to exam-
ine the possibility that organic N-chloramines could be
formed on ingestion of hypochlorous acid and to deter-
mine whether these compounds could be absorbed
into the bloodstream for circulation to other parts of
the body.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Stomach, Ingestion(Biology),
Chemical reactions, "Hypochlorus acid, "Drinking
water, Amino nitrogen compounds, "Organic chlora-
mines.
PB85-225068/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Flare Efficiency: The Influence of Flare Head
Design and Gas Composition,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
J. H. Pohl, and B. A. Tichenor. Jun 85,21 p EPA/600/
D-85/134
Contract EPA-68-02-3661
The paper is an overview of flare research conducted
by EPA and the Energy and Environmental Research
Corporation (EER) in 1984. Initial work by EER for EPA
focussed on developing a basic understanding of the
flaring process, reviewing data on flare combustion ef-
ficiency, and designing a facility for evaluating flare
emissions. A Flare Test Facility was constructed, and
tests were conducted. The tests provided data show-
ing a minimum heating value required to achieve flame
stability at a given velocity. The results also showed
that unstable flames tend to produce low combustion
efficiencies. Other studies have also explored the use
of flares as control devices for VOCs. VOC combustion
of 90% (or greater) have been reported for pilot scale
flares within specific ranges of gas heating value and
gas exit velocity. The research reported in the paper
was designed to determine: (1) the effect of flare head
design on flame stability and combustion efficiency,
and (2) the destruction efficiency of specific com-
pounds in relation to flare operating parameters.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Flares, Volatility, Pyrotechnics, Pollution,
Combustion efficiency, Gases, Gas analysis, Organic
compounds.
P385-225175/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Air Toxics Problem in the United States: An Analy-
sis of Cancer Risks for Selected Pollutants. Final
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Air and Radiation.
E. Haemisegger, A. Jones, B. Steigerwald, and V.
Thomson. May 85,127p EPA/450/1-85/001
The report presents estimates of the national cancer
incidence associated with about 25 common potential
carcinogens found in ambient air. Exposures are esti-
mated using both air quality data and emission-disper-
sion model techniques. The report on the air toxics
problem in the United States is a final version of a Sep-
tember 1984 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
draft document entitled 'The Magnitude and Nature of
the Air Toxics Problem in the United States.' Simulta-
neously with release of the draft report, EPA solicited
comments on the analysis from a peer review panel
made up of non-EPA experts in fields such as toxicol-
ogy, air monitoring, and air pollution control.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Malignant neoplasms, United
States, Risk, Exposure, Occurrence, Air quality, Emis-
sions, Models, 'Cancer, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), Health risks.
PB85-225241/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guideline for Determination of Good Engineering
Practice Stack Height (Technical Support Docu-
ment for the Stack Height Regulations)(Revised).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jun 85,102p EPA/450/4-80/023R
Supersedes PB82-145301.
The revised guideline provides background informa-
tion used to develop a means of computing good engi-
neering practice (GEP) stack height according to the
requirements of Section 123 of the Clean Air Act, as
amended. The report also summarizes the application
of the structure-based formula to determine GEP stack
height under different general building formations.
Keywords: 'Guidelines, 'Chimneys, 'Air pollution con-
trol, "Regulations, 'Buildings, Structural design,
Height, Engineering standards, Aerodynamics,
Concentration(Composition), Comparison, Sources,
Plumes, Design criteria, 'Stacks, 'Air quality.
PB85-225308	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Modified Agar Medium for Detecting Environmen-
tal Salmonellae by the Most-Probable-Number
Method. Journal article,
Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD. Biologi-
cal Waste Management and Organic Resources Lab.
D. Hussong, N. K. Enkiri, and W. D. Burge. c1984 7d
EPA/600/J-84/313
Prepared in cooperation with Maryland Conservation
Service, Beltsville. Errata sheet inserted.
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology 48, n5
p1026-1030 Nov 84.
Salmonellae in the environment remain a potential
source of disease. Low numbers of salmonellae have
been detected and enumerated from environmental
samples by most probable number methods that re-
quire careful colony selection from plated agar
medium. A modified xylose lysine brilliant green
medium was prepared to control the loss of selectivity
caused by heating the brilliant green component.
Added agar reduced colony spreading. The medium
contained 47 g of xylose lysine agar base per liter; the
agar content was adjusted to 2%, autoclaved, cooled
to 50 degrees C, and then amended just before pour-
ing to include H2S indicator and 7 ppm (7 ml of 1:1,000
brilliant green per liter) of unheated brilliant green dye.
H2S-positive salmonellae were easily detected from
sewage sludge compost to the exclusion of most other
gram-negative bacteria.
Keywords: 'Culture media, 'Salmonella, 'Bacteria,
Microorganisms, Detection, Cultures(Biology), Re-
prints.
PB85-225316	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Reactions of Chlorite with Activated Carbon and
with Vanillic Acid and Indan Adsorbed on Activat-
ed Carbon. Journal article,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign.
E. A. Voudrias, L. M. J. Dielmann, V. L. Snoeyink, R. A.
Larson, and J. J. McCreary. c1983, 9p EPA/600/J-83/
304
Grant EPA-R-805293
Prepared in cooperation with Florida Univ., Gainesville.
Dept. of Environmental Engineering Sciences.
Pub. in Water Research v17, n9 p1107-1114 Sep 83.
The reaction between chlorite (C02(-1)) and vanillic
acid, at pH 6.0 in the presence of granular activated
carbon (GAC), yielded several reaction products iden-
tifiable by GC/MS; no products were found in the ab-
sence of GAC. Indan and CI02 or CI02(-1) reacted in
aqueous solution and gave similar products in the
presence and absence of GAC. Carbon exposed to
CI02(-1) appears to become capable of promoting hy-
droxylation, decarboxylation, ring cleavage and C02
addition reactions with vanillic acid. Chlorite in aque-
ous solution was reduced by GAC predominantly to
Cl(-1). The capacity of one type of virgin GAC for
CI02(-1) reduction to Cl(-1) was about 80-90 mg
CI02(-1 )/g GAC before the rate of reaction was sharp-
ly reduced.
Keywords: "Activated carbon treatment, "Disinfect-
ants, 'Water treatment, 'Chlorites, "Chlorates, Gas
chromatography, Mass spectroscopy, Reaction kinet-
ics, Adsorption, Chemical reactions, Reprints, "Granu-
lar activated carbon treatment, "Benzoic acid/hy-
droxy-(methoxy-ester), 'Indan.
PB85-225324	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Levels in Adi-
pose Tissue of Vietnam Veterans. Journal article,
Nebraska Univ.-Lincoln. Dept. of Chemistry.
M. L. Gross, J. O. Lay, P. A. Lyon, D. Lippstreu, and N.
Kangas. c1984,9p EPA/600/J-81 /197
Pub. in Environmental Research 33, n1 p261-168 Feb
84.
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) has been
detected at levels ranging from 20 to 173 parts per tril-
lion in adipose tissue from three Vietnam veterans who
were 'heavily exposed' to Herbicide Orange. Some
tissue samples from other Vietnam veterans and from
controls also contained 2,3,7,8-TCDD at levels below
20 parts per trillion. (Copyright (c) 1984 by Academic
Press, Inc.
Keywords: 'Connective tissue, "Military personnel,
"Environmental surveys, Exposure, Sampling, Public
health, Concentration(Composition), Toxicology, Re-
prints, "Dibenzodioxin/tetrachloro, 'Vietnam war vet-
erans, 'Orange herbicide, 'Occupational safety and
health, Acetic acid/(dichlorophenoxy-(butyl-ester)),
Acetic acid/(butyl-ester)-(trichlorophenoxy).
PB85-225332	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Pipe Loop System Augments Corrosion Studies.
Journal article,
Florida Univ., Gainesville.
J. E. Singley, andT. Y. Lee. C1984, 9p EPA/600/J-84/
308
Grant EPA-R-805400
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association 76, n8
p76-83 Aug 84.
Corrosion exacts a heavy price from potable water dis-
tribution systems. Assessing its extent is necessarily
difficult in the field and often occurs after corrosion has
already done its damage. Various methods for evaluat-
ing distribution system corrosion are examined, with
specific emphasis given to a special pipe-loop tester
assembly, which may prove more accurate and may
reflect actual field corrosion conditions more closely.
Keywords: 'Corrosion, "Water pipelines, 'Potable
water, Water distribution, Water quality, Test equip-
ment, Reprints.
PB85-225514/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1):
Sylvester Site, Nashua, New Hampshire, Septem-
ber 1983 (Supplement to July 29,1982 ROD).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
22 Sep 83, 22p EPA/ROD/R01-83/007
Supplement to SET PB85-213585. See also PB85-
213685.
The Gilson Road hazardous waste dump site is locat-
ed in the City of Nashua, New Hampshire. The 6-acre
site has been used as a sand borrow pit for an undeter-
mined number of years. Some time during the late
1960's the operator of the pit began an unapproved
and illegal waste disposal operation. Household
refuse, demolition materials, chemical sludges, and
approximately 800,000 gallons of hazardous liquid
chemicals were dumped at the site. The ground water,
air and to a lesser extent surface water have been con-
taminated. The original ROD was signed in July 1982
approving the installation of a slurry wall and surface
cap as the first operable unit. The ROD also approved
ground water treatment as the second operable unit
but deferred selection of the specific treatment proc-
ess until the technical analysis and evaluation of the
pilot plant studies were complete. The cost-effective
ground water treatment system selected for this site
includes: inorganic chemicals removal; volatile organic
chemicals removal; concentrated organic chemicals
removal; and biological treatment of the sidestream.
Also a treatment rate of 300 gpm has been selected to
reduce the operating time to approximately 2 years.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, "Sylvester
site, Surface water, Sites, Licenses, Public health,
Water pollution, Air pollution. New Hampshire, Cost
analysis, Chemical compounds, Solid waste disposal,
Substitutes, Cost analysis, Ground water, Sludge dis-
posal, Water treatment, "Solid waste management,
"Superfund program, "EPA region 2, "Land reclama-
tion, "Municipal wastes, "Environmental research,
"Remedial actions, Liquid waste disposal,
Nashua(New Hampshire), Volatile organic com-
pounds, Heavy metals, Household wastes.
PB8S-225522/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Removal of Agricultural Contaminants from
Groundwater,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
B. W. Lykins, and J. H. Baier. Jun 85,18p EPA/600/D-
85/136
Prepared in cooperation with Suffolk County Dept. of
Health Services, Hauppauge, NY.
As analytical testing of community and individual
homeowner wells has intensified, more drinking water
contamination has been identified. In some instances,
this contamination can be attributed to agricultural
practices. Of special concern are those locations
where no community treatment system can be provid-
ed. Examination of various treatment methods applica-
ble to both individual and small community situations
that are cost-effective in removing these contaminants
will address an area of concern that is gaining more at-
tention. In situations where multiple contaminants, es-
pecially low moledular weight compounds, are found,
pilot studies similar to the study with proposed treat-
ment systems are recommended to more accurately
predict the performance of larger units.
Keywords: "Agricultural wastes, "Ground water,
"Water pollution, Water wells, Water treatment, Mem-
branes, Ion exchanging, Tests, Communities, Pesti-
cides, Fertilizers, Organic compounds, Cost effective-
ness, "Drinking water.
PB8S-225530	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Effects of Activated Carbon on the Reactions of
Free Chlorine with Phenols. Journal article,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign.
E. A. Voudrias, R. A. Larson, and V. L. Snoeyink.
C1985,10p EPA/600/J-85/071
Grant EPA-R-805293
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology v19
n5p441-449 May 85.
The use of prechlorination in drinking water treatment
results in contact of free chlorine with activated carbon
which has been added to remove organic compounds
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
from water. The chlorine then reacts with the carbon
and adsorbed compounds. Free chlorine reacts readily
with a group of phenolic compounds (phenol, guaiacol,
catechol, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, and p-chlorophenol) in
dilute aqueous solutions (.00001 M) to produce mono-,
di-, or trichloro derivatives, but when it reacts with
phenols adsorbed on granular activated carbon (GAC),
many additional products are formed. GAC exposed to
chlorine becomes capable of promoting reactions
such as hydroxylation of the aromatic ring, oxidation to
quinones, chlorine substitution, carboxylation, and oxi-
dative coupling (dimer formation). The formation of
chloro-hydroxybiphenyls (hydroxylated PCBs) (in vivo
metabolites of PCBs) is particularly important because
of their potential toxicity. Such compounds are the
main reaction products from chlorophenols, but they
are also formed in smaller amounts from nonchlorinat-
ed phenols (phenol and guaiacol). (Copyright (c) 1985,
American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: "Water analysis, 'Water treatment, "Chlor-
ination, 'Disinfectants, 'Phenols, 'Chlorine, 'Chlorine
organic compounds, Potable water, Phenol, Catechol,
Chemical reactions, Extraction, Gas chromatography,
Mass spectroscopy, Public health. Reprints, 'Granular
activated carbon treatment, 'Toxic substances,
'Powder activated carbon, 'Water pollution detection,
"Pretreatment(Water), Polychlorinated biphenyls,
Phenol/dimethoxy, Phenol/chloro, Halomethanes,
Phenol/methoxy, Environmental health.
PB85-225548	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Removing Barium and Radium Through Calcium
Cation Exchange. Journal article,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign.
A. G. Myers, V. L. Snoeyink, and D. W. Snyder. c1985,
8p EPA/600/J-85/070
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association 77, n5
p60-66 May 85.
The removal of barium (Ba) and radium (Ra), which are
found in many groundwater sources, was achieved in
laboratory studies with an ion exchange process. In
the studies, a strong acid resin in the calcium form ef-
fectively removed Ba( + 2) and Ra (+2) to meet stand-
ards. The resin was regenerated with reclaimed brine,
which would reduce disposal problems in actual prac-
tice. Total hardness, alkalinity, pH, and other water
quality parameters remained unchanged. Additional
research is needed, however, to refine the process
and establish the costs. The process uses a calcium
(Ca)-form strong acid ion exchange resin column in
parallel with a conventional sodium (Na)-form strong
acid resin column. The divalent Ra( + 2), Ba( + 2),
Ca(+2), and magnesium (Mg) + 2) ions are exchanged
for Na(+1) in the portion of the flow that passes
through the Na-form column. If present, Ba( + 2) and
Ra( + 2) are exchanged for Ca( + 2) in the fraction of
water passing through the Ca-form column, and the
total hardness in this fraction is essentially unchanged.
Calcium chloride brine (CaCI( + 2)) is used to regener-
ate the Ca-form column, and the spent brine can be
reused after precipitating and removing the Ba and Ra.
Keywords: 'Barium, 'Radium, 'Ground water, "Cation
exchanging, 'Water treatment, Potable water, pH,
Water quality, Performance evaluation. Design criteria,
Reprints.
PB85-22S555	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Removal by Coagulation of Trace Organic* from
Mississippi River Water. Journal article,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Dept. of Civil and Miner-
al Engineering.	/
M. J. Semmens, and K. Ayers. c1985,8p EPA/600/J-
85/069
Grant EPA-R-806377
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association 77,
p79-84 May 85.
In the study alum and ferric sulfate were evaluated for
their effectiveness in removing four low-molecular-
weight organic compounds - C14-labeled octanoic
acid, salicylic acid, phenol, and benzoic acid - from
Mississippi River water and from water samples free of
natural organic matter. Removal of these model organ-
ic compounds ranged between 3 and 20 percent,
which is similar to the removals observed for the < 1K
fraction of natural organic matter. Solution pH affected
the removal of the aromatic compounds but not of oc-
tanoic acid. Except for benzoic acid, all the model
compounds were removed better in the absence of
natural organics. Removal was found to be relatively
insensitive to coagulant dosage.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Coagulation,
'Water pollution control, "Mississippi River, Alums,
Trace elements, Iron sulfate, Effectiveness, Removal,
Caprylic acid, Salicylic acids, Phenol, Benzoic acids,
Carbon 14, pH, Reprints.
PB85-225639/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparison of RAM (Regional Air Monitor) Model
Estimates with 1976 St. Louis RAPS (Regional Air
Pollution Study) Measurements of Sulfur Dioxide.
Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
D. B. Turner, J. S. Irwin, and A. D. Busse. 1985, 8p
EPA/600/J-85/072
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment 19, n2 p247-253
Feb 85.
Estimates from the model RAM were compared with
actual S02 measurements from 13 Regional Air Pollu-
tion Study (RAPS) sites in St. Louis for 1976, with par-
ticular emphasis on the second highest concentrations
for the 1 -h, 3-h, and 24-h averaging times; the average
annual concentration; and the top 5% of the distribu-
tion for the 24-h concentrations. Although there was
considerable scatter in the comparison of the second
highest concentrations, only 8 of the 39 data points
were outside the bounds of a factor of two, and al-
though there was more underestimation by the model
as the averaging time increased, no overall bias was
seen. Exponential distributions fit the top 5% of the 24-
h concentration distributions for all sites for both the
estimated and measured concentrations. The distribu-
tions for the estimated and measured concentrations
matched at 8 of the 13 sites.
Keywords: "Sulfur dioxide, "Air pollution, Comparison,
Sites, Sampling, Concentration(Composition), Re-
prints, "RAM model, "Regional air pollution study, "Air
pollution sampling, "Air quality, Gaussian plume
models.
PB85-226900/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Anaerobic-Aerobic Treatment Process for the Re-
moval of Priority Pollutants. Final rept.,
Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN.
Z. Slonim, L. T. Lien, W. W. Eckenfelder, and J. A.
Roth. Jun 85,122p EPA/600/2-85/077
The removal of 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol (DNOC) was inves-
tigated using an anaerobic recycle fluidized bed reac-
tor as a pretreatment stage followed by an activated
sludge reactor. The DNOC was completely converted
during the anaerobic pretreatment stage for influent
DNOC concentrations as high as 600 mg/1. While
complete conversion of DNOC occurred during the an-
aerobic pretreatment stage, there was only 25% COD
removal. The subsequent aerobic activated sludge
stage reduced the anaerobic stage effluent COD by
80%, resulting in about 85% overall removal. Batch
tests established a range of DNOC loading rates for
the anaerobic fluidized bed. The batch tests also indi-
cated that DNOC did not degrade in the absence of a
readily biodegradable co-substrate, and could not be
used as a single carbon source by the anaerobic bac-
teria. This investigation used sucrose as the co-sub-
strate. Anaerobic DNOC biodegradation was found to
be a function of sucrose concentration. Previous in-
vestigation of aerobic treatment of DNOC using con-
ventional activated sludge process showed that DNOC
removal is less than 25% and the concentration of
DNOC that is tolerated by activated sludge microorga-
nisms is only about 50-60 mg/1. The present investi-
gation demonstrated that anaerobic-aerobic treatment
is an effective treatment process for the removal of
DNOC.
Keywords: "Anaerobic processes, "Aerobic process-
es, "Herbicides, "Water pollution control. Activated
sludge process, Fluidized bed processors, Industrial
waste treatment. Pesticides, Microorganisms, Su-
crose, Biodeterioration, "Cresol/dinitro, "Municipal
wastes, Biological processes, Pretreatment(Water).
PB85-227023/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Copper - 1984.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Jan 85, 150p EPA/440/5-84/031
See also PB81-117475.
The document provides a summary of important
aquatic toxicological data pertaining to copper. Crite-
rion Maximum and Criterion Continuous Concentra-
tions (CMC and CCC) are calculated. Any necessary
adjustments to the criterion are discussed. An exten-
sive bibliography is provided.
Keywords: "Copper, "Toxicology, 'Water pollution,
Fresh water biology, Marine biology, Toxicity, Expo-
sure, Carcinogens,	Public health,
Concentration(Composition), Aquatic biology, "Water
pollution effects(Animals), "Water pollution
effects(Plants), Maximum permissible exposure,
Bioaccumulation, Clean Water Act.
PB85-227031 /HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Cadmium -
1984.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Jan 85, 135p EPA/440/5-84/032
See also PB81-117368.
The document provides a summary of important
aquatic toxicological data pertaining to cadmium. Crite-
rion Maximum and Criterion Continuous Concentra-
tions (CMC and CCC) are calculated. Any necessary
adjustments are discussed. An extensive bibliography
is provided.
Keywords: "Cadmium, "Toxicology, "Water pollution,
Aquatic biology, Marine biology, Risk, Fresh water biol-
ogy, Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Carcino-
gens, Public health, "Water pollution effects(Animals),
'Water pollution effects(Plants), Bioaccumulation,
Clean Water Act, Maximum permissable exposure.
PB85-227049/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Quidetines for Deriving Numerical National Water
Quality Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Or-
ganisms and Their Uses,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
C. E. Stephan, D. I. Mount, D. J. Hansen, J. H. Gentile,
and G. A. Chapman. Jan 85,106p
The document provides a complete description of the
method to be used in deriving the National Ambient
Water Quality Criteria. The methods were revised in
1984. The document includes discussion of the mini-
mum data base, data evaluation, and calculations.
Keywords: *Toxicology, "Aquatic biology, "Water pol-
lution, Concentration(Composition), Toxicity, instruc-
tions, pH, Salinity, Exposure, Aquatic plants, Aquatic
animals, Carbonates, Mathematical models, "Water
quality criteria, Bioaccumulation.
PB85-227114/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Ammonia -
1984.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Jan 85,226p EPA/440/5-85/001
The document provides a summary of important
aquatic toxicological data pertaining to ammonia. Cri-
terion Maximum and Criteria Continuous Concentra-
tions (CMC and CCC) are calculated. Any necessary
adjustments to the criterion are discussed. An exten-
sive bibliography is provided.
Keywords: "Ammonia, "Toxicology, "Water pollution,
Aquatic biology, Marine biology, Freshwater biology,
Exposure, Concentration(Composition), Carcinogens,
"Water pollution effect(Animals), "Water pollution
effects(Plants), Bioaccumulation, Clean Water Act,
Maximum permissable exposure.
PB85-227379/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Proceedings: United States/Japan Conference on
Sewage Treatment Technology (9th) Held at
Tokyo, Japan on September 19-21,1983.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
May 85, 771p EPA/600/9-85/014
See also PB85-115194.
As part of joint interests in environmental matters be-
tween the United States and Japan, a Conference on
Sewage Treatment Technology is held at intervals of
about every 18 months. The publication contains
papers from the Japanese group and from the Ameri-
can side that were presented at the Ninth Conference
held in Japan. Subject matter covered included EPA's
Construction Grants Program, water quality manage-
ment, thermal sludge treatment process, fluidized bed
incineration, coarse bubble to fine bubble aeration ret-
rofit, volatile organic priority pollutants, nitrogen and
phosphorus biological removal system research and
energy use at municipal wastewater treatment plants,
etc.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, "Meetings, Water
quality management, Sludge treatment, Incinerators,
Aerobic processes, Industrial waste treatment, Pilot
plants, Anaerobic processes. Design, Aeration, Nitro-
gen, Phosphorus, Cost effectiveness, Japan, United
States, 'Construction Grants Program.
PB85-227387/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Research Committee Report 1984 (Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Researh and Devel-
opment). Annual rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
Jun 85, 54p EPA/600/9-85/017
The document reviews the work of the Office of Re-
search and Development's media-specific research
committees for the fiscal year (FY)1984. The chapters
of the document are organized around each of the five
committees-Air and Radiation, Water, Toxics and
Pesticides, Hazardous Waste/Superfund, and Multi-
media Energy. Each chapter summarizes the major re-
search issues identified by the committee in question,
highlights FY 1984 accomplishments that respond to
those issues, and identifies related research to be per-
formed in FY 1985.
Keywords: "Research, Plans, Budgeting, Air. Radi-
ation, Water, Hazardous materials, Pesticides, Energy,
Environmental Protection Agency, Toxic substances.
PB85-227429/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Chlorine - 1984.
Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Jan 85,65p EPA/440/5-84/030
The document provides a summary of important
aquatic toxicological data pertaining to chlorine. Crite-
rion Maximum and Criterion Continuous Concentra-
tions (CMC and CCC) are calculated. Any necessary
adjustments are discussed. An extensive bibliography
is provided.
Keywords: "Chlorine, "Water pollution, "Toxicity,
Aquatic animals. Marine microorganisms. Exposure,
Aquatic plants, Shellfish, Fishes,
Tolerances(Physiology), Crustacea, Minnows, Fresh
water, Salt water, Ranking, Tables(Data), Clean Water
Act and Amendments of 1981, Bioaccumulation.
PB85-227437/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Lead - 1984.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Jan 85,89p EPA/440/5-84/027
See also PB81 -117681.
The document provides a summary of important
aquatic toxicological data pertaining to lead. Criterion
Maximum and Criterion Continuous Concentrations
(CMC and CCC) are calculated. Any necessary adjust-
ments are discussed. An extensive bibliography is pro-
vided.
Keywords: "Lead(Metal), "Toxicology, 'Water pollu-
tion, Lead organic compounds, Lead inorganic com-
pounds, Fresh water biology, Toxicity, Marine biology,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Public health, Aquatic biology,
'Water pollution effects(Animals), "Water pollution
effects(Plants), Bioaccumulation, Maximum permissi-
ble exposure, Clean Water Act.
392 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB85-227445/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Arsenic - 1984.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Jan 85, 74p EPA/440/5-84/033
See also PB-292 420.
The document provides a summary of important
aquatic toxicology data pertaining to arsenic. Criterion
Maximum and Criterion Continuous Concentrations
(CMC and CCC) are calculated. Any necessary adjust-
ments are discussed. An extensive bibliography is pro-
vided.
Keywords: "Arsenic, "Toxicology, "Water pollution,
Aquatic biology, Marine biology, Fresh water biology,
Exposure, Concentration(Composition), Carcinogens,
Public health, "Water pollution effects(Animals),
"Water pollution effects(Plants), Bioaccumulation,
Maximum permissible exposure, Clean Water Act.
PB85-227452/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Mercury - 1984.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Jan 85,144p EPA/400/5-84/026
See also PB81-117699.
The document provides a summary of important
aquatic toxicological data pertaining to mercury. Crite-
rion Maximum and Criterion Continuous Concentra-
tions (CMC and CCC) are calculated. Any necessary
adjustments to the criterion are discussed. An exten-
sive bibliography is provided.
Keywords: "Mercury(Metal), "Toxicology, "Water pol-
lution, Marine biology, Aquatic animals, Aquatic plants,
Fresh water biology, Public health, Exposure, Carcino-
gens, Concentration(Composition), Risk, 'Water pollu-
tion effects(Plants), "Water pollution effects(Animals),
Bioaccumulation, Maximum permissible exposure,
Clean Water Act.
PB85-227460/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Cyanide • 1984.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Jan 85, 67p EPA/440/5-84/028
See also PB81-117483.
The document provides a summary of important
aquatic toxicological data pertaining to cyanide. Crite-
rion Maximum and Criterion Continuous Concentra-
tions (CMC and CCC) are calculated. Any necessary
adjustments to the criterion are discussed. An exten-
sive bibliography is provided.
Keywords: "Cyanides, "Toxicology, "Water pollution,
Marine biology. Aquatic animals, Aquatic plants, Fresh
water biology, Public health, Exposure, Carcinogens,
Concentration(Composition), Risk, "Water pollution
effects(Plants), 'Water pollution effects(Animals), En-
vironmental health, Clean Water Act, Maximum per-
missible exposure.
PB85-227478/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Chromium -
1984.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Jan 85,107p EPA/440/5-84/029
See also PB81-117467.
The document provides a summary of important
aquatic toxicological data pertaining chromium. Crite-
rion Maximum and Criteria Continuous Concentrations
(CMC and CCC) are calculated. Any necessary adjust-
ments are discussed. An extensive bibliography is pro-
vided.
Keywords: "Chromium, 'Toxicology, "Water pollution,
Aquatic biology, Marine biology, Fresh water biology,
Exposure, Concentration(Composition), Carcinogens,
Public health, "Water pollution effects(Animals),
'Water pollution effects(Plants), Bioaccumulation,
Maximum permissable exposure, Clean Water Act.
PB85-227502/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Radioactivity at the TMI (Three
Mile Island), Venting Phase,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
E. Bretthauer, F. Grossman, W. Efurd, G. Douglas, and
A. Smith. Jun 85,15p EPA/600/4-85/042
From June 28 through July 12, 1980, approximately
44,000 curies of krypton-85 were discharged into the
environment from the reactor building housing the crip-
pled nuclear reactor at Three Mile Island (TMI). The
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) operated
monitoring networks for krypton 85 (5 stations) and air-
borne particulates (19 stations). These fixed station
networks were supplemented, for the duration of the
venting, by two mobile units which sampled within the
discharge plume. Calculations of the maximum expo-
sure, based upon measured concentrations of kryp-
ton-85, indicated the maximum dose equivalent to the
skin to be 0.86 mrem and to the whole body to be
0.0071 mrem. Because the calculated doses derived
largely from a few relatively high concentrations of
krypton 85, the reported values are well within + or -
10 percent at the 95 percent confidence level.
Keywords: "Radioactive contaminants, "Atmospheric
diffusion, Air pollution, Krypton 85, "Three Mile Island -
2 reactor, "Radionuclide migration, "Environmental
transport, Radiation monitoring, Plumes, Dose equiva-
lents.
PB85-227510/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Virus Removal during Conventional Drinking
Water Treatment. Final rept. 1 Oct 82-1 Jan 84,
Arizona Univ., Tucson.
C. P. Gerba, J. B. Rose, G. A. Toranzos, S. N. Singh,
and L. M. Kelley. Jun 85, 64p EPA/600/1 -85/017
Prepared in cooperation with Texas Univ. Health Sci-
ence Center at Houston.
The reduction of enteroviruses and rotaviruses was
studied at a full scale 205 mgd water treatment plant
involving chemical clarification, sand filtration and
chlorination. Reduction of enteroviruses and rotavir-
uses averaged 81% and 93%, respectively, for the
complete treatment process. The greatest reduction of
enteroviruses occurred during pre-chlorination/floccu-
lation and filtration, while a significant reduction of ro-
taviruses occurred during pre-chlorination/flocculation
and final chlorination. Enteroviruses or rotaviruses oc-
curred in 24% of the finished water samples contain-
ing chlorine levels of >0.2 mg/L, and meeting coliform
bacteria (1/100 ml and turbidity (1 NTU)) standards.
The results of the study indicate that finished water
having measurable levels of free residual chlorine and
meeting standards for coliform bacteria, and turbidity
cannot be assumed to be virus free.
Keywords: "Viruses, "Water treatment, Microorga-
nisms, Enteroviruses, Potable water, Clarification, Fil-
tration, Chlorination, Drinking water, Rotaviruses.
PB85-227528/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Dosimetry for In-vltro Chick Brain Calcium-Ion
Efflux Experiments by Numerical Methods Based
on Zonal Harmonic Expansions,
Miami Univ., Coral Gables, FL.
G. Gonzalez and J. C. Nearing. Jun 85, 39p EPA/600/
1-85/016
Contract EPA-68-02-4092
The report discusses the calculation of the electric
field and power density distribution in chick brain tissue
inside a test tube, using an off-center spherical model.
It is shown that the off-center spherical model over-
comes many of the limitations of the concentric spheri-
cal model, and permits a more realistic modeling of the
brain tissue as it sits in the bottom of the test tube sur-
rounded by buffer solution. The effect of the unequal
amount of buffer solution above the upper and below
the lower surface of the brain is evaluated.
Keywords: 'Brain, "Dosimetry, "Electric fields, Dosim-
etry, In vitro analysis, Chicken, Tissues(Biology),
Models, Calcium ions.
PB85-227759/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab,, Research Tri-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Review of Sampling and Analysis Methodology
for Poiynuciear Aromatic Compounds in Air from
Mobile Sources. Final rept. 1 Mar-30 Nov 63,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
C. C. Chuang, and B. A. Petersen. Jun 85,68p* EPA/
600/4-85/045
Contract EPA-68-02-3487
The objective of the program was to review and rec-
ommend test compounds and sampling and analysis
methods for a future EPA study of poiynuciear aromat-
ic hydrocarbons (PAH) in microenvironments. Review
of PAH profiles in ambient air indicated that concentra-
tions of PAH were generally higher in winter than
summer and varied with climate and between sampling
sites within an urban area. Levels of several PAH were
found to be proportional to traffic density. Studies of
the biological activity of ambient air samples showed
that some PAH and their nitrated derivatives are ex-
tremely carcinogenic and mutagenic. The following
compounds were determined to be the most prevalent
and mutagenic in ambient air and were recommended
for the future EPA study: phenanthrene, pyrene,
cyclopenta(c,d)pyrene,	benzo(a)pyrene,
dibenz(a,h)anthracene, 1 -nitropyrene, fluoranthene,
benz(a)anthracene,	benzo(e)pyrene,
benzo(g,h,i)perylene, coronene, and 3-nitrofluoranth-
ene. In the review of PAH sampling methods, collec-
tion of both gaseous and particulate bound PAH was
determined to be necessary to accurately characterize
health effects of PAH in ambient air. Most studies have
used filters to sample particulate-bound PAH and ab-
sorbents to collect vapor phase PAH. The major sam-
pling problems encountered in the studies were PAH
losses due to volatilization and reactivity.
Keywords: "Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, * Air
pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, Reviews, Urban areas,
Sites, Sampling, Gas analysis, Public health, Motor ve-
hicles, Mutagens, Sources, *Air pollution detection,
'Air pollution sampling, Biological processes.
PB85-227890/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Fabrication and Pilot Scale Testing of a Prototype
Donnan Dlalyzer for the Removal of Toxic Metals
from Electroplating Rinse Waters. Final rept. Apr
80-Nov 84,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
H. F. Hamil. Jun 85,47p EPA/600/2-85/080
The report concerns research performed to develop
anion-exchange membranes for the removal of
copper, cadmium and zinc, as their complex cyanide
anions, from cyanide process electroplating rinse
waters by Donnan dialysis, and to fabricate and evalu-
ate a prototype Donnan dialyzer utilizing these mem-
branes. Results obtained from the study indicate that
anion-exchange membranes with transport properties
suitable for the removal of metal complex anions can
be prepared by irradiation grafting of polymer films.
Evaluation of the membranes showed that ion trans-
port rates are directly proportional to ion-exchange ca-
pacity. A series of technical problems with ion-ex-
change membrane preparation and with operation of
the prototype dialyzer precluded successful comple-
tion of the follow-on project.
Keywords: 'Anion exchanging, 'Membranes, "Electro-
plating, 'Water pollution control, 'Metals, Metal finish-
ing, Complex compounds, Ion exchange resins, Poly-
meric films, Trace elements, Experimental design,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Donnan dialyzers.
PB85-227908/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Low Frequency Automated Magnetic Field Cali-
bration System,
Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas, NV.
A. P. Ludwigsen. Dec 83,84p EPA/520/6-85/020
The report describes the construction of an automated
absolute magnetic field generation system using a 0.5
meter radius Helmholtz coil. The system operates over
a frequency range of dc to 20 kHz and can generate
field strengths up to approximately 1 Gauss RMS. The
theoretical fields in the region surrounding the coil
were calculated and compared with measurement.
The system is used for the evaluation of broadband
survey meters and calibrated antennas.
Keywords: 'Magnetic fields, 'Calibrating, Environmen-
tal impacts, Computer programs, 'Helmholtz coils,
Survey monitors, HP-9845B computers.
PB85-228047/HSU	PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Full-Scale Field Evaluation of Waste Disposal
from Coal-Fired Electric Generating Plants.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Jun 85, 2426p-in 6v
Set includes PB85-228054 through PB85-228104.
No abstract available.
PB85-228054/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Full-Scale Field Evaluation of Waste Disposal
from Coal-Fired Electric Generating Plants.
Volume 1. Sections 1 through 5. Final rept. Oct 79-
Oct 84,
Little (Arthur D ), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
C. J. Santhanam, A. A. Balasco, I. Bodek, C. B.
Cooper, and J. T. Humphrey. Jun 85,376p EPA/600/
7-85/028A
Contract EPA-68-02-3167
See also Volume 2, PB85-228062. Prepared in coop-
eration with Haley and Aldrich, Inc., Cambridge, MA.,
and Geologic Associates, Inc., Knoxville, TN.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB85-
228047.
The six-volume report summarizes results of a 3-year
study of current coal ash and flue gas desulfurization
(FGD) waste disposal practices at coal-fired electric
generating plants. The study involved characterization
of wastes, environmental data gathering, evaluation of
environmental effects, and engineering/cost evalua-
tions of disposal practices at six sites around the coun-
try. Study results provide technical background data
and information for EPA, state and local permitting offi-
cials, and the utility industry for implementing environ-
mentally sound disposal practices. Study data suggest
that no environmental effects have occurred at any of
the six sites; i.e., data from wells downgradient of the
disposal sites indicate that waste leachate has result-
ed in concentrations of chemicals less than the EPA
primary drinking water standards. A generic environ-
mental evaluation-based on a matrix of four waste
types, three disposal methods, and five environmental
settings-shows that, on balance, technology exists for
environmentally sound disposal of coal ash and FGD
wastes for ponding, interim ponding/landfilling, and
landfilling. For some combinations of waste types, dis-
posal methods, and environmental settings, mitigation
methods must be taken to avoid adverse environmen-
tal effects. Costs of waste disposal operations are
highly system and site specific.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Air pollution con-
trol, 'Fly ash, Materials handling, Combustion prod-
ucts, Industrial wastes, Electric power plants, Field
tests, Licenses, Earth fills, Lagoons(Ponds), Leaching,
Water pollution, Ground water, Sites, State govern-
ment, Cost analysis, "Coal fired power plants, 'Flue
gas desulfurization, Path of pollutants, Environmental
effects.
PB85-228062/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Full-Scale Field Evaluation of Waste Disposal
from Coal-Fired Electric Generating Plants.
Volume 2. Sections 6 through 9. Final rept., Oct 79-
Oct 84,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
C. J. Santhanam, A. A. Balasco, I. Bodek, C. B.
Cooper, and J. T. Humphrey. Jun 85,252p EPA/600/
7-85/028B
Contract EPA-68-02-3167
See also Volume 1, PB85-228054, and Volume 3,
PB85-228070. Prepared in cooperation with Haley and
Aldrich, Inc. Cambridge, MA., and Geologic Associ-
ates, Inc., Knoxville, TN.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB85-
228047.
The six-volume report summarizes results of a 3-year
study of current coal ash and flue gas desulfurization
(FGD) waste disposal practices at coal-fired electric
generating plants. The study involved characterization
of wastes, environmental data gathering, evaluation of
environmental effects, and engineering/cost evalua-
tions of disposal practices at six sites around the coun-
try. Study results provide technical background data
and information for EPA, state and local permitting offi-
cials, and the utility industry for implementing environ-
mentally sound disposal practices. Study data suggest
that no environmental effects have occurred at any of
the six sites; i.e., data from wells downgradient of the
disposal sites indicate that waste leachate has result-
ed in concentrations of chemicals less than the EPA
primary drinking water standards. A generic environ-
mental evaluation-based on a matrix of four waste
types, three disposal methods, and five environmental
settings-shows that, on balance, technology exists for
environmentally sound disposal of coal ash and FGD
wastes for ponding, interim ponding/landfilling, and
landfilling. For some combinations of waste types, dis-
posal methods, and environmental settings, mitigation
methods must be taken to avoid adverse environmen-
tal effects. Costs of waste disposal operations are
highly system and site specific.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Air pollution con-
trol, "Fly ash, 'Site surveys, Combustion products, In-
dustrial wastes, Electric power plants, Field tests, Li-
censes, Earth fills, Lagoons(Ponds), Leaching, Water
pollution, Ground water, Sites, State government, Cost
analysis, 'Coal fired power plants, 'Flue gas desulfuri-
zation, 'Baseline measurements, Path of pollutants,
Environmental effects.
PB85-228070/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Full-Scale Field Evaluation of Waste Disposal
from Coal-Fired Electric Generating Plants.
Volume 3. Appendices A and B. Final rept. Oct 79-
Oct 84,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
C. J. Santhanam, A. A. Balasco, C. E. Cooper, D. E.
Kleinschmidt, and J. T. Humphrey. Jun 85,475p EPA/
600/7-85/028C
Contract EPA-68-02-3167
See also Volume 2, PB85-228062, and Volume 4,
PB85-228088. Prepared in cooperation with Haley and
Aldrich, Inc., Cambridge, MA., Bowser-Morner Testing
Labs., Inc., Dayton, OH., and Geologic Associates,
Inc., Knoxville, TN.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB85-
228047.
The six-volume report summarizes results of a 3-year
study of current coal ash and flue gas desulfurization
(FGD) waste disposal practices at coal-fired electric
generating plants. The study involved characterization
of wastes, environmental data gathering, evaluation of
environmental effects, and engineering/cost evalua-
tions of disposal practices at six sites around the coun-
try. Study results provide technical background data
and information for EPA, state and local permitting offi-
cials, and the utility industry for implementing environ-
mentally sound disposal practices. Study data suggest
that no environmental effects have occurred at any of
the six sites; i.e., data from wells downgradient of the
disposal sites indicate that waste leachate has result-
ed in concentrations of chemicals less than the EPA
primary drinking water standards. A generic environ-
mental evaluation-based on a matrix of four waste
types, three disposal methods, and five environmental
settings-shows that, on balance, technology exists for
environmentally sound disposal of coal ash and FGD
wastes for ponding, interim ponding/landfilling, and
landfilling. For some combinations of waste types, dis-
posal methods, and environmental settings, mitigation
methods must be taken to avoid adverse environmen-
tal effects. Costs of waste disposal operations are
highly system and site specific.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Air pollution con-
trol, "Fly ash, Trace elements, Assessments, Combus-
tion products, Industrial wastes, Electric power plants.
Field tests, Licenses, Earth fills, Lagoons(Ponds),
Leaching, Water pollution, Ground water, Sites, State
government, Cost analysis, "Coal fired power plants,
Flue gas desulfurization, Path of pollutants, Environ-
mental effects.
PB85-228088/HSU	PC A24/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Full-Scale Field Evaluation of Waste Disposal
from Coal-Fired Electric Generating Plants.
Volume 4. Appendices C through E. Final rept. Oct
79-Oct 84,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
C. D. Santhanam, I. Bodek, G. Schroeder, C. J.
Santhanam, and A. A. Balasco. Jun 85, 564p EPA/
600/7-85/028D
Contract EPA-68-02-3167
See also Volume 3, PB85-228070, and Volume 5,
PB85-228096. Prepared in cooperation with Bowser-
Morner Testing Labs., Inc., Dayton, OH„ Haley and Al-
drich, Inc., Cambridge, MA., and Geologic Associates,
Inc., Knoxville, TN.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB85-
228047.
The six-volume report summarizes results of a 3-year
study of current coal ash and flue gas desulfurization
(FGD) waste disposal practices at coal-fired electric
generating plants. The study involved characterization
of wastes, environmental data gathering, evaluation of
environmental effects, and engineering/cost evalua-
tions of disposal practices at six sites around the coun-
try. Study results provide technical background data
and information for EPA, state and local permitting offi-
cials, and the utility industry for implementing environ-
mentally sound disposal practices. Study data suggest
that no environmental effects have occurred at any of
the six sites; i.e., data from wells downgradient of the
disposal sites indicate that waste leachate has result-
ed in concentrations of chemicals less than the EPA
primary drinking water standards. A generic environ-
mental evaluation-based on a matrix of four waste
types, three disposal methods, and five environmental
settings-shows that, on balance, technology exists for
environmentally sound disposal of coal ash and FGD
wastes for ponding, interim ponding/landfilling, and
landfilling. For some combinations of waste types, dis-
posal methods, and environmental settings, mitigation
methods must be taken to avoid adverse environmen-
tal effects. Costs of waste disposal operations are
highly system and site specific.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, 'Air pollution con-
trol, *Fly ash, Water quality, Environmental impacts,
Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Electric
power plants, Field tests, Licenses, Earth fills,
Lagoons(Ponds), Leaching, Water pollution, Ground
water, Sites, State government. Cost analysis, "Coal
fired power plants, Flue gas desulfurization, Path of
pollutants, Environmental effects.
PB85-228096/HSU	PC A25/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Full-Scale Field Evaluation of waste Disposal
from Coal-Fired Electric Generating Plants.
Volume 5. Appendix F. Final rept. Oct 79-Oct 84,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
C. J. Santhanam, A. A. Balasco, I. Bodek, C. B.
Cooper, and J. T. Humphrey. Jun 85, 582p EPA/600/
7-85/028E
Contract EPA-68-02-3167
See also Volume 4, PB85-228088, and Volume 6,
PB85-228104. Prepared in cooperation with Haley and
Aldrich, Inc., Cambridge, MA., and Geologic Associ-
ates, Inc., Knoxville, TN.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB85-
228047.
The six-volume report summarizes results of a 3-year
study of current coal ash and flue gas desulfurization
(FGD) waste disposal practices at coal-fired electric
generating plants. The study involved characterization
of wastes, environmental data gathering, evaluation of
environmental effects, and engineering/cost evalua-
tions of disposal practices at six sites around the coun-
try. Study results provide technical background data
and information for EPA, state and local permitting offi-
cials, and the utility industry for implementing environ-
mentally sound disposal practices. Study data suggest
that no environmental effects have occurred at any of
the six sites; i.e., data from wells downgradient of the
disposal sites indicate that waste leachate has result-
ed in concentrations of chemicals less than the EPA
primary drinking water standards. A generic environ-
mental evaluation-based on a matrix of four waste
types three disposal methods, and five environmental
settings-shows that, on balance, technology exists for
environmentally sound disposal of coal ash and FGD
wastes for ponding, intsrim ponding/landfilling, and
landfilling. For some combinations of waste types, dis-
posal methods, and environmental settings, mitigation
methods must be taken to avoid adverse environmen-
tal effects. Costs of waste disposal operations are
highly system and site specific.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Air pollution con-
trol, "Fly ash, Concentration(Composition), Sampling,
Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Electric
power plants, Field tests, Licenses, Tables(Data),
Earth fills, Lagoons(Ponds), Leaching, Water pollution,
Ground water, Sites, State government. Cost analysis,
"Coal fired power plants, "Flue gas desulfurization,
Liquid waste disposal, Path of pollutants, Environmen-
tal effects.
PB85-228104/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Full-Scale Field Evaluation of Waste Disposal
from Coal-Fired Electric Generating Plants.
Volume 6. Appendices G through I. Final rept. Oct
79-Oct 84,
Little (Arthur D ), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
C. J. Santhanam, A. A. Balasco, I. Bodek, C. B.
Cooper, and J. T. Humphrey. Jun 85,177p EPA/600/
7-85/028F
Contract EPA-68-02-3167
See also Volume 5, PB85-228096. Prepared in coop-
eration with Haley and Aldrich, Inc., Cambridge, MA.,
and Geologic Associates, Inc., Knoxville, TN.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99, PB85-
228047.
The six-volume report summarizes results of a 3-year
study of current coal ash and flue gas desulfurization
(FGD) waste disposal practices at coal-fired electric
generating plants. The study involved characterization
of wastes, environmental data gathering, evaluation of
environmental effects, and engineering/cost evalua-
tions of disposal practices at six sites around the coun-
try. Study results provide technical background data
and information for EPA, state and local permitting offi-
cials, and the utility industry for implementing environ-
mentally sound disposal practices. Study data suggest
that no environmental effects have occurred at any of
the six sites; i.e., data from wells downgradient of the
disposal sites indicate that waste leachate has result-
ed in concentrations of chemicals less than the EPA
primary drinking water standards. A generic environ-
mental evaluation-based on a matrix of four waste
types, three disposal methods, and five environmental
settings-shows that, on balance, technology exists for
environmentally sound disposal of coal ash and FGD
wastes for ponding, interim ponding/landfilling, and
landfilling. For some combinations of waste types, dis-
posal methods, and environmental settings, mitigation
methods must be taken to avoid adverse environmen-
tal effects. Costs of waste disposal operations are
highly system and site specific.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Air pollution con-
trol, 'Fly ash, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Electric power plants. Field tests. Licenses, Earth fills,
Lagoons(Ponds), Leaching, Water pollution, Ground
water, Sites, State government, Cost analysis, "Coal
fired power plants, Flue gas desulfurization, Path of
pollutants, Environmental effects.
PB85-228112/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Corrosion and Calcium Carbonate Saturation
Index In Water Distribution Systems,
Florida Univ., Gainesville.
J. E. Singley, R. A. Pisigan, A. Ahmadi, P. 0. Pisigan,
and T. Y. Lee. Jun 85,270p EPA/600/2-85/079
Grant EPA-R-805400
Corrosion in water distribution systems was studied to
gain a better understanding of the processes and to
develop control strategies. Equations and calculation
methods for determining the pH(sub s) were devel-
oped using a chemical model with and without ionic
speciation. Several calculation procedures for deter-
mining pH (sub s) were analyzed and compared. Labo-
ratory experiments using weight loss and electronic
techniques for measuring corrosion rates were con-
ducted in laboratory batch and continuously circulating
systems using waters with different water quality pa-
rameters. Changes in water quality were monitored in
experiments with mild steel, galvanized steel and
copper coupons. Corrosion products obtained from
coupons exposed to continuously circulated solution
were analyzed by wet chemical techniques and x-ray
diffraction. Results indicate Saturation Index cannot be
used alone to indicate the extent of corrosion or to
measure the corrosivity of a water.
Keywords: "Corrosion, "Water distribution, "Distribu-
tion systems, Calcium carbonates, pH, Mathematical
models, X ray diffraction, Dissolved gases, Oxygen,
Chlorides, Galvanized materials, Steels, Monitoring,
Water quality, Ions, Metals, Tables(Data)!
Graphs(Charts).
PB85-228120/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Respiratory Carcinogenicity of Diesel Fuel Emis-
sions. Final Report,
IIT Research Inst., Chicago, IL.
A. M. Shefner, B. R. Collins, A. Fisks, J. L. Graf, and C.
A. Thompson. Jan 85,311p EPA/600/1-85/004
See also PB81 -230955.
An experiment was carried out to compare the carcino-
genicity of diesel exhaust particles (administered by fif-
teen weekly intratracheal instillations) to that of organ-
ic extracts of diesel particles, coke oven emissions,
roofing tar condensate and cigarette smoke conden-
sate. Appropriate solvent controls, untreated controls
and positive controls were included in the design of the
experiment. The overall incidence of respiratory tract
tumors in any of the treatment groups was not signifi-
cantly higher than in control hamsters. Similarly, there
were no significant differences in the survival rates of
hamsters treated with test materials from those of their
respective controls. Hamsters treated with test materi-
als generally showed significantly lower mean body
weights than control animals. Treated hamsters gener-
ally showed a delay in time to reach maximum body
weight when compared to hamsters in control group.
Treatment of hamsters with test materials induced a
variety of hyperplastic, proliferative and inflammatory
lesions of the respiratory tract. The highest incidence
rates and greatest severity of the lesions were induced
by diesel exhaust particles and coke oven emissions.
Diesel exhaust extract and benzo(a)pyrene were less
reactive, and cigarette smoke condensate and roofing
tar volatiles produced the lowest incidence of respira-
tory tract lesions.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, "Diesel fuels, "Exhaust emis-
sions, Evaluation, Respiratory system, Animal models,
"Carcinogenesis, "Air pollution effects(Animals).
PB85-228138/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Exposure Analysis Modeling System: Reference
Manual for EXAMS 2. Final rept. Jan 81-Apr 85,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
L. A. Burns, and D. M. Cline. May 85, 95p EPA/600/3-
85/038
See also PB82-258096.
The Exposure Analysis Modeling System (EXAMS),
published in 1982 (EPA-600/3-82-023), provides rapid
evaluations of the behavior of synthetic organic chemi-
cals in aquatic ecosystems. EXAMS combines labora-
tory data describing reactivity and thermodynamic
properties of chemicals with independent data de-
scribing the transport and physical/chemical proper-
ties of aquatic ecosystems. From these data, EXAMS
computes exposure, fate and persistence. This
manual describes the expansion of EXAMS to extend
the model's capabilities to include seasonal differ-
ences in the environmental driving forces that govern
transport and transformation kinetics, to compute the
fate and transport of products that result from transfor-
mation reactions in the environment, and to provide
greater flexibility in specifying the timing and duration
of chemical loadings entering the ecosystem.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Water pollution,
Mathematical models, Concentration(Composition)[
Manuals, Computer programming, Industrial wastes,
"Path of pollutants, Ecosystems, Exposure analysis
modeling system.
PB8S-228146/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada
OK.
DRASTIC: A Standardized System for Evaluating
Ground Water Pollution Potential Using Hydro-
geologic Settings. Final rept.,
National Water Well Association, Worthington, OH.
L. Aller, T. Bennett, J. H. Lehr, and R.J. Petty. May 85
180p EPA/600/2-85/018
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
A methodology is described that will allow the pollution
potential of any hydrogeologic setting to be systemati-
cally evaluated anywhere in the United States. The
system has two major portions: the designation of
mappable units, termed hydrogeologic settings, and
the superposition of a relative rating system called
DRASTIC. Hydrogeologic settings are described for
different regions in the United States. These settings
incorporate the major hydrogeologic factors which
affect and control ground water movement including
depth to water table, net recharge, aquifer media, soil
media, topography, impact of the vadose zone and hy-
draulic conductivity of the aquifer. These factors,
which form the acronym DRASTIC, as used to infer the
potential for contaminants to enter ground water. The
relative ranking scheme uses a combination of weights
and ratings to produce a numerical value, called the
DRASTIC INDEX, which helps prioritize areas with re-
spect to ground water contamination vulnerability.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Water pollution, "United
States, Hydrogeology, Ratings, Aquifers, Waste dis-
posal, Hydraulic conductivity, Water table, Soil proper-
ties, Topography, Agriculture, Basalt. Evaluation, Vul-
nerability, Maps, Tables(Data), Alluvium, Glacial till,
Sandstones, Clays, "Ground water movement,
"DRASTIC index, Vadose zone.
PB85-228302/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Proceedings of Stormwater and Water Quality
Model Users Group Meeting Held at Gainesville,
Florida on January 31-February 1, 1985.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
May 85,278p* EPA/600/9-85/016
See also PB85-168003.
The proceedings include 17 papers on topics related
to the development and application of computer-
based mathematical models for water quantity and
quality management. The papers were presented at
the semi-annual meeting of the Joint U.S.-Canadian
Stormwater and Water Quality Model Users Group
held on January 31-February 1, 1985, in Gainesville,
Florida. Applications of stormwater management mod-
eling are examined in North American and European
settings in several of the papers, including Florida flat-
lands, North Carolina peatlands, Canadian urban
runoff ponds, and Swiss stormwater runoff tanks. Estu-
ary studies reported include hydrodynamic and water
quality simulations, phytoplankton-nutrient dynamics
modeling, and techniques for assessing reservoir eu-
trophication. The Hydrological Simulation Program-
FORTRAN is the basis for studies of snow melt simula-
tions, of deep pumping effects on surface hydrology,
and of phosphorus dynamics in wetlands.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Mathematical models, "Water
quality management, "Meetings, Reservoirs, Volume,
Water supply, Runoff, Ponds, Estuaries, Hydrodyna-
mics, Nutrients, North America, Europe, Florida, Snow
melt, Phosphorus, Aquifers, Water storage, "Storm
water runoff, Best management practices, Wetlands.
PB85-228419/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
IJC Menomonee River Watershed Study: Surface
Water Quality from 197S to 1979,
Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources, Madison.
R Bannerman, M. F. Bohn, and J. G. Konrad. Jun 84,
168p EPA/905/4-79/029L
Grant EPA-R-005345010
See also PBS 1-203085.
The quality of runoff from three mainstem river stations
and eight predominantly single land use sites were
monitored in 1978 and 1979. Automatic flow recording
and sampling equipment were used at all the stations.
Seasonal concentration data are documented for the
suspended solids, total-P, soiuble-P, chloride, lead,
cadmium conductivity and BOD5. Bacteria counts de-
termined at 28 sites are also included. Evaluations
made on the concentration data include: behavior of
pollutant concentrations during events in the Water-
shed. and determination of the source of high bacteria
counts using the ratio of fecal coliform to fecal strepto-
coccus.
Keywords: "Land use, "Runoff, 'Water pollution,
'Menomonee River, Agriculture, Watersheds, Solids,
Phosphorus, Chlorides, Lead(Metal), Cadmium, Con-
ductivity, Biochemical oxygen demand, Baseflow.
Mathematical models, 'Surface water runoff, Point
sources, Nonpoint sources.
PB85-228823/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Receptor Model Source Composition Library,
Nero and Associates, Inc., Portland, OR.
J. E. Core, J. J. Shah, and J. A. Cooper. Nov 84, 327p
EPA/450/4-85/002
Contract EPA-68-02-3837
Prepared in cooperation with NEA, Inc., Beaverton,
OR.
The information in this document is an initial effort to
gather, evaluate and compile technical data describing
the chemical composition of source emissions. Be-
cause of limited resources, this study has placed high-
est priority on the inclusion of size resolved data sets
that have been developed specifically for receptor
modeling studies. To the extent possible, and consist-
ent with data quality criteria, other studies reported in
the literature have been included. Because of the
volume of data not size resolved, no attempt is made
here to compile all information on this subject currently
available.
Keywords: "Chemical composition, "Particles, "Air
pollution control, "Profiles, "Reference materials,
Sources, Sites, Tables(Data), Chemical analysis, Re-
views, Documents, Abstracts, Fines, Carbon, Organic
compounds, Ranking, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Solid waste disposal, Exhaust emissions,
Electric power plants, "Air quality, "Receptor models,
"Air pollution abatement, Open burning, Wood fired
appliances, Procedures.
PB85-228831/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Final Environmental Impact Statement for South-
west Orange County, Florida Wastewater Manage-
ment. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Jun 85, 163p EPA/904/6-85/13
The Final Environmental impact statement addresses
proposed wastewater facilities for Southwest Orange
County, Florida. Numerous wastewater management
alternatives have been evaluated with particular atten-
tion to water quality in the area's surface and ground-
water resources and the impacts of projected popula-
tion growth on the sensitive natural and human re-
sources of the area. The selected alternative is
wastewater reuse with spray irrigation in citrus groves
and rapid infiltration basins.
Keywords: "Waste water reuse, "Sewage treatment,
"Environmental impact statements-final, Water pollu-
tion, Irrigation, Surface waters. Ground water, Citrus
trees, Sludge disposal, Sewers, Land use, Archaeolo-
gy, Air pollution, Injection wells, Orange
County(Florida).
PB85-228955/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Application of the Microenvironment Monitoring
Approach to Assess Human Exposure to Carbon
Monoxide,
RAND Corp., Santa Monica, CA.
N. Duan. Jul 85. 99p EPA/600/4-85/046
Contract EPA-68-02-4058
Exposure estimates based on monitoring carbon mon-
oxide in microenvironments are compared to exposure
estimates based on personal monitoring with individ-
ual, portable monitors. Methods of calculation are re-
viewed and discussed, and results of calculations are
presented. These data indicate that population expo-
sure estimates based on data from the Washington Mi-
croenvironment Study, combined with people's activity
data from the Washington Urban Scale Study, are
about forty percent higher than estimates based on
personal monitoring data from the Urban Scale Study.
The former set of exposure estimates is found to be a
good predictor of the latter. Nevertheless, generaliza-
tions of these findings to other data bases are not valid
at this time.
Keywords: 'Carbon monoxide, District of Columbia,
Humans, Exposure, Assessments, Estimates, Models,
Concentration(Composition), Classifications, Air sam-
pling, Monitoring, "Air pollution monitors.
PB85-228997/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Economic Analysis Div.
Oxidants and Asthmatics in Los Angeles: A Bene-
fits Analysis. Environmental benefits analysis series
(Final),
Energy and Resource Consultants, Inc., Boulder, CO.
R. D. Rowe, and L. G. Chestnut. Mar 85,171 p EPA/
230/7-85/010
Contract EPA-68-01-6543
The report examines changes in behavior, expendi-
tures, and willingness to pay (WTP) as related to
asthma severity. It is based on information for a panel
of 82 asthmatics, representing a population expected
to be sensitive to ambient oxidant levels. The study fo-
cuses on measuring mitigating behavior and its effect
upon epidemiology and economic studies, and on the
importance in morbidity valuation studies of using a
WTP benefit measure rather than a cost of illness
(COI) measure based only on work loss and medical
expenditures. Most of the information was collected in
two survey instruments: a daily diary completed for one
month, and a general questionnaire. The daily diary's
objectives were to determine the accuracy of percep-
tions about air pollution, whether these perceptions al-
tered expectations about whether a bad asthma day
(as defined by the respondent on a symptoms rating
scale) would occur, and whether respondents altered
their activities on bad air pollution days. The general
questionnaire addressed how well COI measures esti-
mate the most appropriate WTP measures for
changes in illness.
Keywords: 'Asthma, 'Benefit cost analysis, 'Oxi-
dizers, California, Respiratory diseases, Epidemiology,
Morbidity, Behavior, Los Angeles(California), Expendi-
tures, "Air pollution effects(Humans).
PB85-229086/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
MOTCO, La Marque, Texas, March 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
15 Mar 85,56p EPA/ROD/R06-85/005
The MOTCO site is located about two miles southeast
of the City of LaMarque, TX and occupies approxi-
mately 11.3 acres near the junction of State Highway 3
and the Gulf Freeway. The site has been used for recy-
cling styrene tars and disposal of industrial chemical
wastes. Due to numerous complaints, the City of La-
Marque passed an ordinance prohibiting disposal of
liquid wastes in surface impoundments which forced
the owners to close the site. Subsequent owners at-
tempted to recycle the wastes in the lagoons but later
abandoned the project. The cost-effective remedial al-
ternative selected for this site involves transport of sur-
face water in the impoundments by pipeline to an in-
dustrial wastewater treatment plant, the incineration of
PCB liquid organics at the TSCA permitted facility, the
incineration of non-PCB liquid organics at the RCRA
permitted or interim status facility, and off-site disposal
of the tars/sludpes and soils at a RCRA (double-lined)
facility. The estimated total cost for this alternative is
$42,300,000.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, 'MOTCO
site, 'Chemical compounds, Sites, Licenses, Public
health, Water pollution, Tars, Substitutes, Cost analy-
sis, Surface water, Soil analysis, Sludge disposal, 'Su-
perfund program, *EPA region 6, 'Land reclamation,
'Environmental research, 'Remedial actions, Liquid
waste disposal, La Marque(Texas), Off-site disposal,
Surface impoundments, Polychlorinated biphenyls.
PB85-229094/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9):
Jibboom Junkyard, Sacramento, California, May
1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
9 May 85,59p EPA/ROD/R09-85/008
The Jibboom Junkyard site is located on the east bank
of the Sacramento River, approximately 6,000 feet
from the State Capital Building. The nine acre site is
the former location of the Associated Metals Company
salvage yard. Today, a majority of the site, 6.7 acres, is
covered by Interstate 5 and the adjacent Jibboom
Street. The property was used for a metal salvage op-
eration until 1965. All grades of metal were salvaged,
including railroad cars, army tanks, batteries, and
some transformers. Results of the seven EPA and
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
DOHS sampling efforts indicate that there is extensive
lead, zinc, and copper contamination onsite. Most of
the contamination is limited to the top one foot of soil,
and no offsite contamination has been detected. Sub-
surface contamination above background levels was
only detected at four locations. The selected remedy
for the Jibboom Junkyard consists of excavation and
removal of contaminated soils to a RCRA-approved
offsite, Class 1, hazardous waste disposal facility. The
total capital cost of the selected remedial alternative is
estimated to be $1,460,000.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "Jiboom
Junkyard site, Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water
pollution, Surface water, Ground water, Capitalized
costs. Copper, Solid waste disposal, Substitutes, Cost
analysis, Soil analysis, Lead(Metal), Zinc, Potable
water, Sacramento River, "Solid waste management,
"Superfund program, "EPA region 9, "Land reclama-
tion, "Toxic substances, "Remedial actions, Liquid
waste disposal, Sacramento(California), Off-site dis-
posal, Polychlorinated biphenyls.
PB8S-229185	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Quartz Content and Elemental Composition of
Aerosols from Selected Sites of the EPA (Environ-
mental Protection Agency) Inhalable Particulate
Network. Journal article,
South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid
City. Inst, of Atmospheric Sciences.
B. L. Davis, L. R. Johnson, R. K. Stevens, W. J.
Courtney, and D. W. Safriet. C1984,14p EPA/600/J-
84/319
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v18 n4 p771-702
Apr 84.
The elemental composition and concentration of
quartz in ambient aerosols collected on dichotomous
filters from the EPA Inhalable Particulate Network
(IPN) in 1980 have been determined by x-ray fluores-
cence and mass calibration methods of x-ray diffrac-
tion (XRD). Quartz concentrations were also deter-
mined by reference intensity ratio methods of XRD
from high-volume (hi-vol) filters from ten U.S. cities and
were compared with data obtained from the dichoto-
mous samples. Twenty-five individual sites are repre-
sented in the quartz analysis phase of the study.
Keywords: "Quartz, "X rays, "Aerosols, Fluorescence,
Diffraction, Concentration(Composition), Reprints,
Particulates.
PB85-229193/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Sensitivity Analysis of the Treatment of Area
Sources by the Climatological Dispersion Model.
Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. S. Irwin, andT. M. Brown. 1985, 9p EPA/600/J-85/
075
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association 35,
n4 p359-364 Apr 85.
The discussion is directed to users of the Climatologi-
cal Dispersion Model (CDM) who are interested in that
model's sensitivity to the manner in which the area-
source emissions are specified. The CDM was used to
estimate annual average S02 concentrations from
area-source emissions for 13 locations in the St. Louis
metropolitan area for 1976, The S02 area source
emissions inventory used was developed as part of the
St. Louis Regional Air Pollution Study; the inventory
specifies the S02 emissions over a 200 km east-west
by 140 km north-south region.
Keywords: "Emissions, "Sulfur dioxide,
Concentration(Composition), Missouri, Models, Sensi-
tivity, Reprints, Saint Louis(Missouri), "Climatological
Dispersion Models.
PB85-229201	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park. NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Origin of Carbonaceous Particles In American
Cities: Results of Radiocarbon 'Dating' and Chem-
ical Characterization. Journal article,
National Bureau of Standards (NML), Gaithersburg,
MD. Center for Analytical Chemistry.
396 Vol. 90, No. 24
L. A. Currie, G. A. Klouda, R. E, Continetti, I. R. Kaplan,
and W. W. Wong. c1983,14p EPA/600/J-83/307
Prepared in cooperation with Global Geochemistry
Corp., Canoga Park, CA.
Pub. in Radiocarbon 25, n2 p603-614 Apr 83.
During the past three years radiocarbon assay has
emerged as a primary tool in the quantitative assign-
ment of sources of urban and rural particulate pollu-
tion. Its use in several major field studies has come
about because of its excellent (fossil/biogenic) dis-
criminating power, because of advances in (14)C
measurements of small samples, and because of the
increased significance of carbonaceous particles in
the atmosphere. The problem is especially important in
the cities, where increased concentrations of fine parti-
cles lead to pollution episodes characterized by poor
visibility and changes in the radiation balance (absorp-
tion, scattering), and immediate and possibly long-term
health effects. Efforts in source apportionment in such
affected areas have been based on emissions invento-
ries, dispersion modeling, and receptor modeling, i.e.,
chemical and physical (and statistical) characterization
of particles collected at designated receptor sites. It is
in the last category that (14)C has become quite effec-
tive in helping to resolve particle sources. Results are
presented for studies carried out in Los Angeles,
Denver, and Houston which incorporated (14)C meas-
urements, inorganic and organic chemical character-
ization, and receptor modeling. The (14)C data indicat-
ed wide ranging contributions of biogenic and fossil
carbon sources - e.g., <10% to 60% contemporary
(biogenic) in Houston - depending on meteorological,
biological, and anthropological activity.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "Particles, "Air pollu-
tion, "Radiocarbon dating, "Chemical properties,
Sources, Urban area, Visibility, Physical properties,
Carbon 14, Carbon 13, Reprints, Receptor models.
PB8S-229219	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Physical and Chemical Indicators of Urban Visual
Air Quality Judgments. Journal article,
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder,
CO.
P. Middleton, T. R. Stewart, D. Ely, and C. W. Lewis.
C1984,11p EPA/600/J-84/316
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v18 n4 p861-870
Apr 84.
Key issues in the selection of physical/chemical meas-
ures of atmospheric properties as indicators of visual
air quality, defined as a human judgment, are ad-
dressed. The relations between judgments and meas-
ures are examined experimentally over a wide variety
of atmospheric and observational conditions. Light
scattering extinction measured throughout the day at a
site characterized by high pollution concentrations was
the single measure most strongly related to judgments
of visual air quality. Total light extinction measured by
a telephotometer is strongly related to midday visual
air quality. The 4-hour averaged fine particle sulfur and
12-hour averaged fine particle sulfur, sulfate, nitrate,
and ammonium are all strongly related to the corre-
sponding mean visual air quality. The application of the
method and findings to understanding visual air quality
in other urban areas is discussed.
Keywords: "Visual perception, "Air quality, Reliability,
Validity, Humans, Responses, Urban areas, Reprints,
"Air pollution effects(Humans).
PB85-229664/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
BACT/LAER (Best Available Control Technology/
Lowest Achievable Emission Rate) Clearing-
house: A Compilation of Control Technology De-
terminations. Volume 1. Summary Tables and Ap-
endices A-F. Final Report,
El Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
D. Dunbar, and G. Rust. Jun 85,413p EPA/450/3-85/
016A
Contract EPA-68-02-3890
See also PB85-229698 and PB84-226752.
The volume explains the history of the BACT/LAER
Clearinghouse, the background of the report format
development, and acknowledges the continued sup-
port and effort of STAPPA and ALAPCO members.
The volume also contains four summary tables con-
sisting of: a list of new control technology determina-
tions received since May 1983, a list of all control tech-
nology determinations that have been submitted, a list
of control technology determinations by type of
source-a summary of emission limitations, and a list of
control technology determinations for external com-
bustion sources (boilers). A detailed listing of source
type codes and abbreviations for process and emis-
sion limits are also shown.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, State government, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products. Scrubbers, Air
pollution control equipment, Electrostatic precipitators,
Tables(Data), Sources, Heating equipment, Licenses,
"Best technology, Baghouses.
PB85-229672/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
BACT/LAER (Best Available Control Technology/
Lowest Achievable Emission Rate) Clearing-
house: A Compilation of Control Technology De-
terminations. Volume 2A. Appendix G. Source
Type Codes 1.0-4.0. Final rept.,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
D. Dunbar, and G. Rust. Jun 85,371 p EPA/450/3-85/
016B
Contract EPA-68-02-3890
See also PB85-229664 and PB84-226760.
The volume contains the detailed source listings for
the determinations submitted in source type code 1.0
through source type code 4.0. The detailed source list-
ing normally contains the following information: source
type and size; company name and location; whether
determination was BACT or LAER for new or modified
source; the person, agency and phone number that
made the determination; permit issue date; estimated
date of start-up; processes subject to this permit;
through-put capacity; pollutant(s) emitted; emission
limits; control equipment or process modification; a
section for notes; and review status dates.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, State government. In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Scrubbers, Air
pollution control equipment, Electrostatic precipitators,
Tables(Data), Sources, Heating equipment, Licenses,
"Best technology, Baghouses.
PB8S-229680/HSU	PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
BACT/LAER (Best Available Control Technology/
Lowest Achievable Emission Rate) Clearing-
house: A Compilation of Control Technology De-
terminations: Volume 2B. Appendix G. Source
Type Codes 5.0-7.0. Final rept.,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH,
D. Dunbar, and G. Rust. Jun 85,482p EPA/450/3-85/
016C
Contract EPA-68-02-3890
See also PB85-229672 and PB84-226778.
The volume contains the detailed source listings for
the determinations submitted in source type code 5.0
through source type code 7.0. The detailed source list-
ing normally contains the following information: source
type and size; company name and location; whether
determination was BACT or LAER for new or modified
source; the person, agency and phone number that
made the determination; permit issue date; estimated
date of start-up; processes subject to this permit;
through-put capacity; pollutant(s) emitted; emission
limit; control equipment or process modification; a sec-
tion for notes; and review status dates.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, State government. In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Scrubbers, Air
pollution control equipment, Electrostatic precipitators,
Tables(Data), Sources, Heating equipment, Licenses
"Best technology, Baghouses.
PB85-229698/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
BACT/LAER (Best Available Control Technology/
Lowest Achievable Emission Rate) Clearing,
house: A Compilation of Control Technology (£.
terminations. Volume 2C. Appendix G. Source
Type Codes 8.0-12.0. Final rept.,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
D. Dunbar, and G. Rust. Jun 85,407p EPA/450/3-85/
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Contract EPA-68-02-3890
See also PB85-229680.
The volume contains the detailed source listings for
the determinations submitted in source type code 8.0
through source type code 12.0. The detailed source
listing normally contains the following information:
source type and size; company name and location;
whether determination was BACT or LAER for new or
modified source; the person, agency and phone
number that made the determination; permit issue
date; estimated date of start-up; processes subject to
this permit; through-put capacity; pollutant(s) emitted;
emission limits; control equipment or process modifi-
cation; a section fpr notes; and review status dates.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, State government, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Scrubbers, Air
pollution control equipment, Electrostatic precipitators,
Tables(Data), Sources, Heating equipment, Licenses,
'Best technology, Baghouses.
PB85-229821/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Hydrologlc Basis for Suspended Sediment Crite-
ria,
Camp, Dresser and McKee, Inc., Annandale, VA.
C. C. Clarkson, D. E. Lehnig, S. V. Plante, R. S. Taylor,
and W. M. Williams. May 85,130p
Contract EPA-68-01 -6403
The objective of the report is to discuss factors that are
important to the development of criteria for suspended
matter in the water column. Since the interest is in cri-
teria for suspended matter in general, regardless of
origin, no distinction is made between wastewater
solids, commonly referred to as 'suspended solids,'
and suspended matter of other origin, such as erosion
or channel scour, which is often referred to as 'sus-
pended sediment.' Water quality criteria typically
specify concentrations in the water column that will
protect aquatic life from adverse effects. First, a water
column concentration for solids would provide protec-
tion from possible adverse physical effects on the
biota, but would not necessarily protect against possi-
ble chemical effects due to toxics sorbed to the solids
particles.
Keywords: 'Suspended sediments. 'Water pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Solids, Aquatic animals,
Environmental impacts, Aquatic plants, Toxicity, Sedi-
ment transport, Invertebrates, Fishes, Maps, Statistical
analysis, Graphs(Charts), 'Water quality criteria,
Water pollution effects(Animals), Water pollution
effects(Plants).
PB85-230217/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Development of a System to Measure the Re-
sponse Time of Microwave Survey Instruments to
Rotating Radar Antenna Patterns,
Office of Radiation Programs-Las Vegas Facility, NV.
P. A. Monheiser. Jun 85,82p EPA/520/6-85/019
The report describes the development of a system
which simulates rotating radar fields in a controlled en-
vironment. The measured time variations of the field
generated by a real, rotating radar antenna were first
recorded using a computer controlled spectrum ana-
lyzer. The data acquired were then used to modulate a
carrier wave field in the laboratory to simulate the ro-
tating radar far-field. Finally, response of a thermocou-
ple based microwave hazard survey meter to this field
was measured.
Keywords: 'Reaction time, 'Electromagnetic radiation
detection, Radiation measuring instruments, Antenna
radiation patterns, Spectrum analyzers, Measurement,
Intensity, Radar antennas, Airports, Radiation hazards,
Computer programs. Monitors, Time lag. Response,
Microwave frequencies, Electromagnetic fields, Com-
puter applications.
PB8S-230332	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Restoration of Falling On-Slte Wastewater Die-
posal Systems Using Water Conservation. Journal
article,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Inst, for Re-
search on Land and Water Resources.
W. E. Sharpe, C. A. Cole, and D. D. Fritton. C1984,12p
EPA/800/J-84/320
Grant EPA-R-807115
Pub. in Jnl. Water Pollution Control Federation v56, n7
p858-866 Jul 84.
A study was made to determine the ability of existing
water conservation hardware to correct malfunctioning
on-site wastewater disposal systems resulting from
soil clogging and to document, under actual use condi-
tions, possible reduction of wastewater with water con-
servation hardware, the changes in wastewater qual-
ity, and homeowner acceptance of the devices. Al-
though the devices lowering the levels of wasteflow
(air assisted toilets, front loading automatic washers,
low-flow shower heads, and faucet flow control aera-
tors) were not successful by themselves in correcting
the malfunction, they did correct or reduce the fre-
quency or severity of the malfunction.
Keywords: 'Water conservation, 'Sewage disposal,
Failure, Soil properties, Plugging, Toilet facilities,
Washers(Cleaners), Acceptability, Reprints, 'Water
saving devices.
PB85-230340/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Method for Aquatic Multiple Species Toxicant
Testing: Acute Toxicity of 10 Chemicals to 5 Ver-
tebrates and 2 Invertebrates. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
G. L. Phipps, and G. W. Holcombe. 1985,19p EPA/
600/J-85/073
Pub. in Environmental Pollution, Series A: Ecological
and Biological 38, p141-157 1985.
A method was developed to simultaneously ascertain
96 h LC50 values for seven freshwater species in a
single flow through test with measured concentrations,
it allows interspecific comparisons, easy determination
of the most sensitive species, and cuts cost of labor,
materials, and chemical analysis for measured con-
centration tests. Species tested included fathead min-
nows Pimephales promelas, goldfish Carassius aura-
tus, channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, bluegill Lepo-
mis macrochirus, rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri, cray-
fish Orconectes immunis and snails Aplexa hypnorum.
Compounds tested were pentachlorophenol, 2-chlor-
oethanol, 2,4-pentanedione, hexachloroethane, alpha-
bromo-2', 5'-dimethoxyacetophenone, benzaldehyde,
1,3-dichloro-4,6-dinitrobenzene, dursban, sevin and
cadmium chloride. The LC50 values from these multi-
ple species tests compared favorably with those deter-
mined using single species at the laboratory, usually
within 20%.
Keywords: "Toxicity, 'Vertebrates, "invertebrates,
'Water pollution, 'Pesticides, Fresh water biology.
Tests, Minnows, Catfishes, Trout,
Concentration(Composition), Snails, Chemical analy-
sis, Reprints.
PB8S-2303S7	Not available NTIS
Polychlorlnated Blphenyls: Congener-Specific
Analysis of a Commercial Mixture and a Human
Milk Extract. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
S. Safe, L. Safe, and M. Mullin. c1985,7p EPA/600/J-
85/074
Prepared in cooperation with Texas A and M Univ.,
College Station.
Pub. in Jnl. of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 33, p24-
29 1985.
On the basis of the relative retention times and re-
sponse factors of all 209 synthetic polychlorlnated bi-
phenyls (PCBs), the paper reports the first congener-
specific analysis of a commercial PCB preparation,
Aroclor 1260, and the PCB composition of a human
milk extract. The analysis indicates that Aroclor 1260
contains nearly 80 different PCB congeners with the
major components identified as 2,2',3,3',4,5,6-,2,2',
4,4,5,5'-, 2,2',3,4,5,5'-, and 2,2',3,4,4',5-hexachlorobi-
phenyl and 2,2',3,3',4,4',5-, 2,2',3,3', 4,5,6'-,
2,2',3,4,4',5,5'-, and 2,2',3,4',5,5',6-heptachlorobi-
phenyl. In contrast, the major PCB components of the
human milk fraction were the 2,4,4'-tri-, 2,4,4',5-tetra-,
2,2',4,4',5-penta-. 2,3',4,4',5-penta, 2,2',3,4,4',5'-hexa-
2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexa, 2,2',3,3',4,4',5-hepta, and
2,2',3,4,4',5,5'-heptachlorobiphenyls. The significance
of congener-specific PCB analysis is discussed in
terms of the structure-activity effects on PCB persist-
ence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. (Copyright (c)
1985 American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: "Milk, 'Environmental surveys, Ecology,
Physical properties. Toxicity, Transport properties,
Food chain, Humans, Sediments, Air pollution. Water
pollution,	Air	water	interactions,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, "Polychlorinat-
ed biphenyls, 'Congener specific analysis, 'Liquid
waste disposal, 'Water pollution effects(Humans),
Aroclor 1260, Biphenyl/hexachloro, Biphenyl/hep-
tachloro, Bioaccumulation, Path of pollutants.
PB85-230365	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Bromlde-Oxidant Interactions and THM (Trihalo-
methane) Formation: A Literature Review. Journal
article,
Florida International Univ., Miami. Drinking Water Re-
search Center.
W. J. Cooper, R. G. Zika, and M. S. Steinhauer. c1985,
Bp EPA/600/J-85/076
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association 77, n4
p116-121 Apr 85.
The review focuses on the interactions, not only of bro-
mide and chlorine, but also of bromide and two
common oxidation alternatives to chlorine-chlorine di-
oxide and monochloramine. The data evaluations in-
clude discussions of reaction products, potentials for
trihalomethane (THM) formation, bromide incorpora-
tion into complex organics, and reaction kinetics and
thermodynamics. Based on evaluation of data, areas
requiring new or intensified research efforts are identi-
fied. An additional goal is to present all available data
on the alternative treatment oxidants so that their ap-
plicability in treating bromide-containing source waters
can be realistically evaluated. A discussion of the
ozone-bromide system is presented elsewhere.
Keywords: 'Oxidizers, 'Halogens, 'Water treatment,
'Disinfectants, 'Water pollution, Chlorine dioxide,
Chloramines, Oxidation, Potable water, Chemical reac-
tions, Chlorine, Bromide, Toxicity, Photochemistry, Re-
views, Runoff, Industrial wastes, Reaction kinetics, Re-
prints, 'Halomethanes.
PB85-230373	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Advances In the Measurement of Ambient Carbon
Fibers. Journal article,
California Univ., Berkeley. Lawrence Berkeley Lab.
B. W. Loo, T. C. Adler, F. S. Goulding, D. A. Landis, and
N. W. Madden. c1984, 9p EPA/600/J-84/318
Pub. in Aerosol Science and Technology 3, p31-38
Mar 84.
Methodologies that have been used in a number of
passive collectors and active detectors for measuring
ambient carbon fibers are summarized. The need for
improved performance in terms of specificity, sensitivi-
ty, detection efficiency, accuracy, precision, speed,
stability and serviceability have been identified. The
design principles for a new detector based on the tech-
nique of measuring the induced charge acquired by a
conducting fiber in an electric field have been dis-
cussed in detail. A prototype of such a detector has
been tested to cover the measurement of fiber length
distributions between 0.08 mm and 9 mm, and fiber
concentrations between 1-1,000,000 fibers/cu m of
air. The precision of the instrument has been demon-
strated to be about 2% for fibers in the 1-9 mm range
and approaching one fiber diameter (or 10 microme-
ters) for the submillimeter fibers.
Keywords: 'Fiber composites, "Air pollution, "Carbon
fibers, "Industrial hygiene, 'Measuring instruments,
'Monitors, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
Reprints, 'Occupational safety and health, 'Indoor air
pollution.
PB85-231165/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Infiltration/Inflow: l/l Analysis and Project Certifi-
cation.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Municipal Facilities Div.
May 85,10p
The brochure informs grantees and facility planners on
how to determine whether excessive l/l exists, and
how to certify that excessive l/l has been sufficiently
reduced through sewer rehabilitation. 'Infiltration'
occurs when groundwater enters a sewer system
through broken pipes, defective pipe joints, or illegal
connections of foundation drains. 'Inflow' is surface
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
runoff that enters a sewer system through manhole
covers, exposed broken pipe and defective pipe joints,
cross connections between storm sewer and sanitary
sewers, and illegal connections of roof leaders, cellar
drains, yard drains, or catch basins. Virtually every
sewer system will have some infiltration or inflow-
Guidelines have been developed to help determine
what amount of infiltration and inflow is considered 'ex-
cessive.'
Keywords: 'Fluid infiltration, 'Sewers, 'Performance
evaluation, 'Water pollution control, Ground water,
Pipe joints, Drains, Cracks, Foundations, Cost effec-
tiveness, Renovating, Maintenance, Design, Construc-
tion.
PB85-231470/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Report on an Automated Calibration Range for
Broadband Isotropic Probes,
Office of Radiation Programs-Las Vegas Facility, NV.
J, Johnson. Jun 85,143p EPA/520/6-85/021
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The report describes the construction of an automated
absolute field generation system using standard gain
horns and an anechoic range. The system operates in
the frequency range of 1.12 to 26.5 GHz. The primary
purpose of the range is automated evaluation of the
frequency response and isotropy of various commer-
cially available microwave hazard survey meters.
Keywords: "Probes, 'Calibrating, 'Electromagnetic ra-
diation detection, Amplification, Horns, Surveying in-
struments, Evaluation, Frequency response, Isotropy,
Electromagnetic radiation, Radiation measuring instru-
ments, 'Computer applications, Microwave radiation
hazard.
PB85-231892/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Removal of Azo Dyes by the Activated Sludge
Process. Research rept. Oct 84-May 85,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH,
Water Engineering Research Lab.
G. M. Shaul, C. R. Dempsey, and K. A. Dostal. Jul 85,
20p EPA/600/D-85/145
The Water Engineering Research Laboratory, Office of
Research & Development, U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency (EPA) is conducting research designed to
develop techniques for predicting the fate of azo dyes
in typical wastewater treatment systems which are
treating wastewater contaminated with azo dyes.
These techniques are being developed for EPA Office
of Toxic Substance's use in the Premanufacture Notifi-
cation (PMN) review process under section 5 of the
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) and potentially
in the regulation of hazardous chemical substances
and mixtures under TSCA section 6. A part of this re-
search involves pilot plant investigations on the remov-
al of azo dyes by the activated sludge process. Azo
dyes are of concern to OTS because some of the
dyes, dye precursors or their degradation products
have been shown to be, or are suspected to be, carci-
nogenic. Therefore, the principal objectives of this re-
search project will be to determine the fate of the dye
compounds in the activated sludge treatment process.
The results from this research are needed by OTS to
aid in predicting the degree to which new azo dyes
and/or their degradation products pass through the
activated sludge process. This research will, hopefully,
lead to the development of a predictive model of dye
compound behavior based upon chemical structure,
physical properties and/or dye classification.
Keywords: 'Activated sludge process, 'Azo dyes,
'Water pollution control, 'Hazardous materials,
"Sewage treatment, Pilot plants, Degradation, Industri-
al waste treatment, Experimental design, Mathemati-
cal models, Biodeterioration, Chemical analysis, Dyes,
Adsorption, "Path of pollutant, "Biological industrial
waste treatment, Toxic substances control act,
Cancer.
PB85-231900/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
umn, »«~
rials for Waste Management Facilities. Journal arti-
Matrecon, Inc., Oakland, CA.	„
H E. Haxo, J. A. Miedema, and N. A. Nelson. May 85,
12p EPA/600/D-85/143
398 Vol. 90, No. 24
See also PB84-166859. Pub. in Elastomerics 117, n5
p29-36, 66, May 85.
The paper discusses the types of materials used in the
manufacture of polymeric liners for waste manage-
ment and the permeability of such liners. It also pre-
sents experimental permeability results for a range of
commercial polymeric membranes to gases, water
vapor, and solvent vapors. Current results of studies of
the permeability characteristics of membranes as ob-
served in pouch experiments are presented.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Linings, "Polymeric
films, "Permeability, Membranes, Experimental design,
Solid waste disposal, Water pollution, Ground water,
Transport properties, Elastomers, Plastics, Thermo-
plastic resins, Laboratory equipment, Diffusion, Earth
fills, Reprints, Waste management, Liquid waste dis-
posal.
PB85-231918/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
NCASI (National Council for Air and Stream Im-
provement) Enhancements of QUAL-II Model,
Tufts Univ., Medlord, MA. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
L. C. Brown, R. C. Whittemore, and T. O. Barnwell. Jul
85,12p EPA/600/D-85/142
Grant EPA-R-811883
Prepared in cooperation with National Council for Air
and Stream Improvement, Medford, MA.
The mathematical water quality model QUAL-II was
modified to reflect advances in the understanding of
algal, nutrient, and light interactions. Code changes
also were made to incorporate hydraulic, boundary
condition, water quality constituent, and rate coeffi-
cient features that had utility in other steady state
water quality models. The new model provides an in-
creased number of simulation options and a compre-
hensive output format designed to aid in calibration
and verification.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Water pollution,
'Ouachita River Basin, Algae, Nutrients, Hydraulics,
Light(Visible radiation), Photosynthesis, Nitrogen, Dis-
solved gases, Oxygen, Temperature, Corrections,
Qual 2 model.
PB85-231983/HSU	PC A07/ MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control.
High-Altitude Adjustment Manual for Low-Altitude
Vehicles. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
C. S. Smith. Sep 84,143p EPA/460/3-84/001
The report was compiled to provide a compilation of
high altitude performance adjustments for adapting to
motor vehicles which were originally intended for Tow
altitude use. These performance adjustments were
provided by the automobile manufacturers pursuant to
section 215 of the Clean Air Act.
Keywords: 'Manuals, "Motor vehicles, 'Altitude, 'Ad-
justing, Revisions, Performance, Installing, Replacing,
Specifications, Air quality, Retrofitting.
PB85-232064/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
D'lmperlo Property, Hamilton Township, New
Jersey, March 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
27 Mar 85,63p EPA/ROD/R02-85/012
The D'lmperio Property site is an inactive waste dis-
posal dump located in a semi-rural region of Atlantic
County within the New Jersey Pinelands Reserve. The
site is relatively flat with slopes ranging from one to
three percent. Two wetlands are located to the north
and south of the site, approximately 2000 and 4000
feet away respectively. The site lies in a cleared area
with wastes deposited randomly on the surface and
some wastes partially buried. The exact period of dis-
posal activities at the D'lmperio site is unknown. How-
ever, it is believed that unauthorized dumping took
place from the late 1960's to 1976. A limited field in-
vestigation was conducted in the fall of 1980 which in-
dicated that the ground water underlying the site was
contaminated with volatile organics. The site was sub-
sequently included on the EPA Interim Priorities List.
The selected remedial alternative for the D'lmperio
site includes excavation and transportation of 3900
cubic yards of contaminated waste and soil and sur-
face drums to a RCRA-regulated disposal site; con-
struction of a RCRA cap following completion of the
excavation; and pumping and treating contaminated
ground water from two affected aquifers prior to rein-
jection or surface discharge. The treatment process is
estimated to take 17 months and will provide for the re-
moval of both organic and inorganic contaminants.
After 17 months an evaluation will be made to deter-
mine the effectiveness.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, 'D'lmperio
property site, Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water pol-
lution, Acetone, Toluene, Solid waste disposal, Substi-
tutes, Cost analysis, Ground water, Soil analysis,
Methyl ethyl ketone, "Solid waste management, "Su-
perfund program, "EPA region 2, 'Land reclamation,
'Municipal wastes, 'Environmental research, 'Reme-
dial actions, Liquid waste disposal, Hamilton
Township(New Jersey), Volatile organic compounds,
Ethane/dichloro, Ethylene/trichloro.
PB85-232072/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Friedman Property, Upper Freehold, New Jersey,
April 198S. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Apr 85, 37p EPA/ROD/R02-85/013
The Friedman Property site is located in Upper Free-
hold Township, Monmouth County, New Jersey and is
an open, vacant lot with scrub vegetation. The site is
bordered by an unnamed tributary to Lahaway Creek, a
single-family residential property, and Routes 537 and
539. Between the late 1950's and the early 1970's the
site received bulk liquids and household and demoli-
tion debris. Due to impending litigation, information re-
garding contamination at the site is limited, however,
investigations have revealed the presence of pentach-
lorophenol and other volatile organics in ground water
samples. The selected remedy for the Friedman Prop-
erty site consists of no action with regard to remediat-
ing the low levels of contamination detected at the site,
monitoring on-site wells annually for a five-year period,
and recommending that the State of New Jersey re-
quest the appropriate local authorities to implement
deed restrictions on the property. Total capital cost of
the selected remedial alternative is estimated to be
$60,000.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, 'Friedman
property site, Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water pol-
lution, Solid waste disposal, Substitutes, Cost analysis,
Ground water, State government, 'Solid waste man-
agement, 'Superfund program, "EPA region 2, 'Land
reclamation, 'Municipal wastes, 'Environmental re-
search, 'Remedial actions, Liquid waste disposal,
Monmouth County(New Jersey), Volatile organic com-
pounds, Phenol/pentachloro.
PB85-232080/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Love Canal, Niagara Falls, New York, May 1985.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
6 May 85,55p EPA/ROD/R02-85/014
The Love Canal Site is located in the southeast corner
of the city of Niagara Falls and is approximately one-
quarter mile north of the Niagara River. Between 1942
and 1952, Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corporation
(now Occidental Chemical Corporation) disposed of
over 21,000 tons of various chemicals into Love Canal.
The solid and liquid wastes deposited into the Canal in-
clude acids, chlorides, mercaptans, phenols, toluenes,
pesticides, chlorophenols, chlorobenzenes, and sul-
fides. The selected remedial action includes; hydrauli-
cally clean designated sewers, remove and dispose of
contaminated sediments and inspect specific sewer
reaches for defects that could act as pathways for con-
taminant migration; repair damaged flood gate at the
South Storm and Sanitary Sewer; limit access, dredge
designated portions of the creeks and hydraulicaTly
clean Black Creek culverts; perform temporary In-situ
stablization of the contaminatted sediment via the
erection of a berm until issues concerning the source
of contamination of 102nd Street Landfill are resolved
All waste will be stored within the Love Canal contain-
ment system. In addition to the above remedial action
the installation of a permanent administration building
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
the selected remedial alternative is estimated to be
$8,929,000.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "Love
Canal site, Chemical industry, Sites, Licenses, Public
health, Water pollution, Chlorobenzenes, Phenols,
Metals, Solid waste disposal, Substitutes, Cost analy-
sis, Surface water, Air pollution, Pesticides, Capitalized
costs, "Solid waste management, "Superfund pro-
gram, "EPA region 2, "Land reclamation, "Municipal
wastes, "Environmental research, "Remedial actions,
Liquid waste disposal, Niagara Falls(New York),
Dioxin(Herbicides).
PB85-232098/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Lackawanna Refuse Site, Lackawanna County,
Pennsylvania, March 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
22 Mar 85, 54p EPA/ROD/R03-85/010
The Lackawanna Refuse site is located along a sec-
tion of the north-south border between the Borough of
Old Forge and Ransom Township, in Lackawanna
County, PA. Five strip mine pits of five to six acres
each were excavated in this area during the last centu-
ry, and three were later used for waste disposal in the
1970's. One abandoned pit (Pit 5) contains about
15,000 buried drums of hazardous waste as well as
municipal refuse. Pit 5 is approximately five acres and
is estimated to be 30-50 feet deep. The pit has only a
thin cover of soil above the waste. The contents of 20
drums were sampled and found to contain various sol-
vents, paints and thinners, sludges, organic acids, and
toxic metals. The selected remedial action includes:
removal of all drums and highly contaminated munici-
pal refuse from Pit 5 for disposal at a RCRA-regulated
facility, clay capping (with gas venting systems) of Pits
2,3, and 5, installation of surface water drainage diver-
sion and construction of a leachate collection and
treatment system for all three pits, removal and dis-
posal of the top layer of contaminated soil from the
bore hole pit and the access road, reconstruction of
the road with appropriate drainage and sedimentation
controls, and removal of the dried paint and contami-
nated soil in the paint spill area for off-site disposal of a
RCRA-regulated facility. The estimated total project
capital cost for these remedial actions is $8,200,000.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "Lacka-
wanna refuse site, Sites, Licenses, Public health,
Water pollution, Commercial buildings, Capitalized
costs, Metals, Paints, Solid waste disposal, Substi-
tutes, Cost analysis, Soil analysis, Surface water, Sol-
vents, Leaching, 'Solid waste management, "Super-
fund program, "EPA region 3, "Land reclamation, "Mu-
nicipal wastes, "Environmental research, "Remedial
actions, Liquid waste disposal, Lackawanna
County(Pennsylvania), Heavy metals, Strip mine
wastes.
PB85-232106/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Heleva Landfill Site, North Whitehall, Pennsylva-
nia, March 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
22 Mar 85,48p EPA/ROD/R03-85/011
The Heleva Landfill site consists of a 20-acre landfill
located on a 93-acre tract of land in Lehigh County,
Pennsylvania. The site is surrounded primarily by farm
and pasturelands, with the village of Ormrod (popula-
tion approximately 100) and town of Ironton (popula-
tion 150) located approximately one quarter mile away.
The site began operations as a sanitary landfill in 1967,
accepting 250-350 tons/day of mixed refuse including
paper, wood, and orchard wastes, In addition, industri-
al wastes with high levels of trichloroethylene (200 mi-
crograms/liter) was sent to the site as early as 1967.
The site was closed in May of 1981 by the Pennsylva-
nia Department of Environmental Resources because
of operational deficiencies. The selected remedy for
the Heleva Landfill site consists of extending an exist-
ing water main from Ormrod to Ironton, capping the
entire 20-acre landfill according to RCRA standards,
constructing surface water diversion and gas venting
systems, conducting a pre-design study to fully delin-
eate the source of contamination and determine sink-
hole activity, constructing a treatment facility on-site,
pumping and treating highly contaminated ground
water, monitoring and sampling existing wells and sur-
face water, and conducting operations and mainte-
nance for a period of at least two years. The total cap-
ital cost of the selected remedial alternative is estimat-
ed to be $7,253,000.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "Heleva
landfill site, "Earth fills, Sites, Licenses, Public health,
Water pollution, Surface water, Ground water, Solid
waste disposal, Substitutes, Cost analysis, State gov-
ernment, Design criteria, Capitalized costs, "Solid
waste management, "Superfund program, "EPA
region 3, "Land reclamation, "Municipal wastes, "Envi-
ronmental research, "Remedial actions, Liquid waste
disposal, Lehigh County(Pennsylvania).
PB85-232114/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
McAdoo Associates, Schuylkill County, Pennsyl-
vania, June 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
28 Jun 85, 74p EPA/ROD/R03-85/012
See also PB85-213833.
The Whitehouse Waste Oil Pits site is located near the
community of Whitehouse, FL and occupies approxi-
mately seven acres of an upland area immediately ad-
jacent to a cypress swamp. Two major east-west high-
ways, U.S. Highway 90 and Interstate 10, are approxi-
mately 0.5 miles south of the site. A low-density resi-
dential area is located west and northwest of the site,
and several miles northwest of the site is the Cecil
Field U.S. Naval Air Station, The site itself consists of
seven unlined pits, constructed by Allied Petroleum,
where waste oil sludge, acid and contaminated waste
oil from an oil reclaiming process was disposed. The
first pits were constructed in 1958, and by 1968 the
company had constructed and filled seven pits with ap-
proximately 127,000 cubic yards of waste. Allied Petro-
leum then went bankrupt. Consequently, the pits were
abandoned, and remained an "open dump' for several
years. Recent activities have increased the volume of
contaminated material to an estimated 240,000 cubic
yards. The selected remedial action includes: con-
struction of a slurry wall around the entire site; recov-
ery and treatment of contaminated ground water; re-
moval of the contaminated sediments from the north-
east tributory of McGirts Creek; and capping the entire
site. Total capital cost for the selected remedial alter-
native is estimated to be $3,049,000 and operations
and maintenance costs are estimated to be an addi-
tional $96,630 per year.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "McAdoo
associates site, Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water
pollution, Capitalized costs, Toluene, Sludge disposal,
Capitalized costs, Solid waste disposal, Substitutes,
Cost analysis, Coal mining, Soil analysis, Ground
water, "Solid waste management, "Superfund pro-
gram, "EPA region 3, "Land reclamation, "Municipal
wastes, "Environmental research, "Remedial actions,
Liquid waste disposal, Schuylkill
County(Pennsylvania), Off-site disposal, Waste oil.
PB85-232122/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
Varsol Spill Site, Dade County, Florida, March
1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
29 Mar 85,35p EPA/ROD/R04-85/002
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Biscayne Aquifer is the sole source of drinking
water for three million residents of southeast Florida.
Three Biscayne Aquifer hazardous waste sites on the
EPA National Priorities List were addressed as one
management unit for the remedial investigation and
feasibility study (RI/FS): (1) Varsol Spill Site (Miami
International Airport), (2) Miami Drum Site, and (3)
Northwest 58th Street Landfill. The Varsol Spill Site is
located in the northeast section of Miami International
Airport (MIA). Industrial operations associated with a
typical commercial airport have resulted in hydrocar-
bon contamination of surface and ground waters in the
vicinity of MIA. Since 1966 there nave been approxi-
mately 15 hydrocarbon spills and leaks totalling ap-
proximately 2 million gallons, including the loss of an
estimated 1.5 million gallons of varsol. In 1970, an un-
known amount of jet fuel was spilled into a drainage
canal on-site. In April of 1981. construction activities
revealed a thick hydrocarbon layer floating on the
water table in an excavated trench. One responsible
party installed 54 shallow observation wells. Sampling
results showed that the hydrocarbon layer diminished
with time. In another area, Dade County installed 43
monitoring wells to determine the extent and magni-
tude of jet fuel spilled. Recovery operations for this jet
fuel are currently underway.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "Varsol spill
site, Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water pollution,
Earth fills, Materials recovery, Solid waste disposal,
Substitutes, Cost analysis, Ground water, Hydrocar-
bons, Jet fuel, "Solid waste management, "Superfund
program, "EPA region 4, "Land reclamation, "Munici-
pal wastes, "Environmental research, "Remedial ac-
tions, "Varsol, Liquid waste disposal, Chemical spills,
Dade County(Florida).
PB85-232130/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
Whitehouse Waste Oil Pits, Whitehouse, Florida,
May 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 May 85,32p EPA/ROD/R04-85/003
The Whitehouse Waste Oil Pits site is located near the
community of Whitehouse, FL and occupies approxi-
mately seven acres of an upland area immediately ad-
jacent to a cypress swamp. Two major east-west high-
ways, U.S. Highway 90 and Interstate 10, are approxi-
mately 0.5 miles south of the site. A low-density resi-
dential area is located west and northwest of the site,
and several miles northwest of the site is the Cecil
Field U.S. Naval Air Station. The site itself consists of
seven unlined pits, constructed by Allied Petroleum,
where waste oil sludge, acid and contaminated waste
oil from an oil reclaiming process were disposed. The
first pits were constructed in 1958, and by 1968 the
company had constructed and filled seven pits with ap-
proximately 127,000 cubic yards of waste. Allied Petro-
leum then went bankrupt. Consequently, the pits were
abandoned, and remained an 'open dump' for several
years. Recent activities have increased the volume of
contaminated material to an estimated 240,000 cubic
yards. The selected remedial action includes: con-
struction of a slurry wall around the entire site; recov-
ery and treatment of contaminated ground water; re-
moval of the contaminated ground water; removal of
the contaminated sediments from the northeast tribu-
tory of McGirts Creek; and capping the entire site.
Total capital cost for the selected remedial alternative
is estimated to be $3,049,000 and operations and
maintenance costs are estimated to be an additional
$96,630 per year.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "White-
house waste oil pits site, Sites, Licenses, Public health,
Water pollution, Chromium, Sediments, Operating
costs, Capitalized costs, Solid waste disposal. Substi-
tutes, Cost analysis, Potable water, Earth fills, Ground
water, Arsenic, Lead(Metal), Phenols, Aromatic poly-
cyclic hydrocarbons, "Solid waste management, "Su-
perfund program, "EPA region 4, "Land reclamation,
"Municipal wastes, "Environmental research, "Reme-
dial actions, Liquid waste disposal,
Whitehouse(Florida), Waste oils, Benzene.
PB85-232148/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Byron/Johnson Salvage Yard, Byron, Illinois,
March 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
13 Mar 85, 32p EPA/ROD/R05-85/010
The Bryon (Johnson) Salvage Yard site is located 4
miles southwest of Byron, Illinois and consists of 20
acres of woodlands in a rural, agricultural area. The
yard operated during the 1960's and early 1970's as a
salvage yard and unpermitted landfill. Domestic refuse
and industrial drums have been collected and some-
times buried on site. Ten surface water sampling
points from nearby Woodland Creek and Rock River,
and three ground water sampling points have yielded
high concentrations of cyanide and other toxic chemi-
cals including lead, arsenic, halogenated organics and
low-level PCB's. The selected remedy for the Byron
Salvage Yard consists of off-site disposal of all surface
and buried drums, off-site disposal of highly contami-
nated soils which exhibit the EP toxicity characteristic,
and in-situ treatment with sodium hypochlorite and am-
monia of all contaminated soil containing greater than
1 ppm cyanide. Off-site disposal would include dispos-
al at a lined, RCRA approved landfill and, if possible,
incineration or treatment of liquids. Total estimated
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
cost for the selected remedial alternative is estimated
to be $1,170,919 and O&M costs would be an addi-
tional $6,000 per year.
Keywords: "Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "Byron/
Johnson salvage yards, Sites, Licenses, Public health,
Water pollution. Operating costs, Lead(Metal), Ar-
senic, Cyanides, Solid waste disposal, Substitutes,
Cost analysis, Ground water, Surface water, Rural
area, Capitalized costs, "Solid waste management,
"Superfund program, "EPA region 5, "Land reclama-
tion, "Municipal wastes, "Environmental research,
"Remedial actions, Liquid waste disposal,
Byron(lllinois), Heavy metals, Polychlorinated biphen-
yls.
PB85-232155/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 10):
South Tacoma Channel, Well 12A, Tacoma, Wash-
ington, May 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
3 May 85, 53p EPA/ROD/R10-85/004
The South Tacoma Channel, Well 12A site is in the
City of Tacoma, Washington, and includes industrial
commercial and residential areas. Well 12A is one of
13 wells used by the City to meet peak summer and
emergency water demands. Research into the past
ownership and activities on these properties indicated
that waste oil and solvent reclamation processes and
paint and lacquer thinning manufacturing occurred on
the site. As a result of these processes, both the un-
derlying ground water aquifer and portions of the surfi-
cial soils show contamination with organic solvents.
The selected remedial action includes: air stripping of
the ground water (continue to operate the IRM); ex-
tract and treat the ground water at the source to
remove volatile organics; drill and sample additional
soil test borings during the design phase, remove an
appropriate length of railroad track adjacent to the
Time Oil property and excavate; perform additional un-
dercutting; install the drain field piping in the excavated
areas and cover with a permeable material; pave or
place soil cover on the portions of the unpaved Time
Oil parking lot; transport and dispose of all excavated,
contaminated soils in a RCRA-permitted landfill; main-
tain institutional controls; monitor ground water and
after two years of operation, evaluate the effective-
ness of the ground water extraction and treatment
system. Total capital cost for the selected remedial al-
ternative is estimated to be $1,590,000, and O&M
costs are estimated to be additional $50,000 per year.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, Sites, Li-
censes, Public health, Water pollution, Organic sol-
vents, Capitalized costs, Solid waste disposal. Substi-
tutes, Cost analysis, Organic solvents, Ground water,
Soil analysis, "Solid waste management, "Superfund
program, "EPA region 10, "Land reclamation, "Munici-
pal wastes, "Environmental research, "Remedial ac-
tions, Liquid waste disposal, Tacoma
City(Washington), Ethane/tetrachloro, Ethylene/dich-
loro, Ethylene/trichloro, Ethylene/tetrachloro.
PB85-232270/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pressure Drop Reduction by Electrical Enhance-
ment of Fabric Filtration,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
L. S. Hovis, N. Plaks, and B. E. Daniel. Jul 85,19p
EPA/600/D-85/141
The paper discusses economic studies of electrostatic
augmentation of fabric filtration (ESFF) that indicate
that the reduced rate of pressure drop rise can lead to
lower capital and operating costs. (ESFF has been
evaluated in the laboratory and at various pilot scales
over the past several years: results of the experimental
studies have always shown that electrical enhance-
ment substantially reduced the rate of pressure drop
increase during the filtration cycle.) The mechanism by
which ESFF operates has been investigated, and the
primary collection enhancement methods have been
verified. Application of ESFF to spray dryer byproduct
shows promise of an even lower pressure drop than
when filtering straight fly ash. A potential drawback to
ESFF appears to be the requirement for special bags
in reverse-air application. Woven-in electrodes of fine
wires increase the cost and perceived fragility of the
bags. A new center-wire electrode ESFF has been
tested in the laboratory. The center electrode has a
potential for even lower pressure drop, and the system
400 Vol. 90, No. 24
has an added advantage: standard reverse-air bags
can be used.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Pressure
reduction, Air filters, Economic analysis, Particles, Ex-
perimental design, Design criteria, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Sulfur dioxide, Pilot plants, Fly
ash, "Fabric filters, "Electrostatic fabric filtration.
PB85-232288/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Surrogate Compounds as Indicators of Hazard-
ous Waste Incinerator Performance,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
R. E. Mournighan, and R. A. Olexsey. 1985,11 p EPA/
600/D-85/140
Evaluation of hazardous waste incinerators for Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act permits is a
difficult and sometimes costly task. The Environmental
Protection Agency is evaluating, in its research pro-
gram, several chemical compounds which may be
used to monitor incinerator destruction and removal
efficiency and combustion conditions more effectively.
The paper discusses the research aimed at developing
reliable and cost-effective methods for trial burns, and
permit compliance monitoring.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Incinerators, "Air
pollution control, Licenses, Performance evaluation,
Combustion, Cost analysis, Standards, Solid waste
disposal, Gas analysis, Sulfur hexafluoride, Combus-
tion, Feasibility, "Principal organic hazardous constitu-
ents, "Compliance, "Surrogate compounds, "Destruc-
tion and removal efficiency, Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act, Freons.
PB85-232296/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Overview of the EPA (Environmental Protection
Agency) Particulate Technology R and D Pro-
tram. Journal article,
nvironmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
N. Plaks. 1985, 6p EPA/600/ J-85/083
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association 35,
n4 p400-405 Apr 85.
The paper gives an overview of a number of key
projects in the Environmental Protection Agency's
(EPA's) particulate research and development pro-
gram having applicability to industry. For electrostatic
precipitators (ESPs), it gives results of work on large-
diameter discharge electrodes which provide a de-
crease in penetration of up to a factor of 4 when com-
pared to conventional small-diameter electrodes. It
also discusses the multistage ESP which provides a
collection efficiency that would require a collecting
plate area 4 or 5 times larger with conventional ESP
technology. E-SOX technology utilizes the multistage
concept to free up space in the ESP for S02 removals
of up to 90%. Electrostatically augmented fabric filtra-
tion provides a reduction in pressure drop of about
50%, compared to conventional fabric filtration. Wind
tunnel modeling of windbreaks for material storage
piles indicates a potential for providing engineering
design data that would allow significant emission re-
duction caused by wind erosion.
Keywords: "Research projects. "Particles, "Air pollu-
tion control equipment, "Electrostatic precipitators. Air
filters, Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Per-
formance evaluation, Sulfur dioxide, Mathematical
models, Pressure reduction, Technology, Design crite-
ria, Reprints, "Fabric filters, Fugitive emissions, Elec-
trostatic fabric filters, E-SOX process.
PB85-232304	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Quantitative Analysis of Aqueous Species Using
Raman Spectrometry and Equilibrium Model Cal-
culations. Journal article,
Minnesota Univ.-Duluth. Dept. of Chemistry.
J. A. Sorensen, L. C. Thompson, and G. E. Glass.
1985, 7p EPA/600/J-85/081
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry 57, n6 p1087-1091 May
85.
An analytical approach of quantifying various chemical
species, using Raman spectrometry in conjunction
with equilibrium modeling, has been tested on aque-
ous solutions containing Nd, Cu, and dipicolinic acid.
Equilibrium modeling was used to select optimum con-
ditions in simple solutions for the determination of con-
centration-Raman intensity relationships. These rela-
tionships were then used to interpret spectra from
more complex solutions and to make comparisons
with equilibrium modeling results from the same sys-
tems. Peak heights were determined through curve fit-
ting of the spectra using nonlinear regression and were
normalized using CI04(-1) as an internal standard.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "Raman spectroscopy,
"Chemical equilibrium, "Environmental surveys,
"Water pollution, Mathematical models, Comparison,
Complex compounds, Ecology, Copper, Neodymium,
Reprints, "Water pollution detection. Numerical solu-
tion, Dipicolinic acid.
PB85-232353/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Proceedings: Joint Symposium on Dry S02 and
Simultaneous S02/NOx Control Technologies
(1st). Volume 1. Fundamental Research and Proc-
ess Development. Rept. for Oct 84-Apr 85,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA.
P. J. Chapped. Jul 85, 432p* EPA/600/9-85/020A
Contract EPA-68-02-3933
See also PB85-232361. Proceedings of symposium
held at San Diego, California on November 13-16,
1984.
Forty six papers describing recent advances in dry sor-
bent injection technologies for S02 control were pre-
sented at the 1 st Joint Symposium on Dry S02 and Si-
multaneous S02/NOx Control Technologies. These
papers covered the following topics: fundamental re-
search; pilot-scale development of furnace injection;
burners for simultaneous S02/NOx control; post-fur-
nace S02 removal; process integration and econom-
ics; sorbent availability and costs; and field applica-
tions and full-scale testing.
Keywords: "Meetings, "Air pollution control equip-
ment, "Sulfur dioxide, "Nitrogen oxides, 'Air pollution
control, Sorbents, Electric power plants, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Injection, Economic
analysis, Design criteria. Performance evaluation,
Field tests, Industrial plants, Coal fired power plants,
Low nitrogen oxides concentration firing systems,
Limestone injection multistage burners, Dry methods,
Acid rain, Limestone injections.
PB85-232361/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Proceedings: Joint Symposium on Dry S02 and
Simultaneous S02/NOx Control Technologies
(1st): Volume 2. Power Plant Integration, Econom-
ics, and Full-Scale Experience. Rept. for Oct 84-Apr
85,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA.
P. J. Chappell. Jul 85, 377p* EPA/600/9-85/020B
Contract EPA-68-02-3933
See also PB85-232353. Proceedings of symposium
held at San Diego, California on November 13-16,
1984.
The proceedings document the First Joint Symposium
on Dry S02 and Simultaneous S02/NOx Control
Technologies, held November 13-16, 1984, in San
Diego, CA. The symposium, sponsored jointly by EPRI
and EPA, was the first meeting of its kind devoted
solely to the discussion of emissions control process-
es based on dry injection of calcium or sodium sor-
bents to meet S02 and NOx regulations for coal-fired
power plants. Processes that were discussed includ-
ed: direct furnace infection of calcium-based sorbents,
sorbent injection combined with low-NOx burners for
simultaneous S02/NOx control, and post-furnace in-
jection of calcium and sodium sorbents. The symposi-
um provided a timely forum for the exchange of data
and information on the current status and plans for
these emerging technologies. The presented papers
began with a keynote address on acid rain strategies
and control technology implications, followed by over-
views of EPRI, EPA, and Canadian programs and the
utility perspective for dry control technologies. Other
papers focused on the latest advances in fundamental
research and process design, power plant integration
and economics, field applications, and full-scale test-
ing. In addition to the U.S. and Canada, attendees rep-
resented West Germany, France, The Netherlands,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Meetings, * Air pollution control equip-
ment, 'Sulfur dioxide, "Nitrogen oxides, *Air pollution
control, Sorbents, Electric power plants, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Injection, Economic
analysis, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
Field tests, Industrial plants. Coal fired power plants,
Low nitrogen oxides concentration firing systems,
Limestone injection multistage burners, Dry methods,
Acid rain, Limestone injections.
PB85-232585/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Technology Assessment of Intermittent Sand Fil-
ters,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Municipal Facilities Div.
D. L. Anderson, R. L. Siegrist, and R. J. Otis. Apr 85,
39p
Prepared in cooperation with RSE, Inc., Madison, Wl.
Intermittent sand filtration of wastewater is not a new
technology Sand filters were often used by sewered
communities around the turn of the century. However,
as wastewater flows and land costs increased, they
were replaced by mechanical treatment processes.
Recently, as the need for low cost facilities in rural
areas has grown, intermittent filters have received in-
creased use again.
Keywords: "Sand filtration, "Sewage treatment, Waste
water. Cost effectiveness. Rural areas. Performance
evaluation, Design, Trends.
PB85-232619/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Interim Report on the Feasibility of Using UV (Ul-
traviolet) Photolysis and APEG (Alkali Polyethyl-
ene glycolate) Reagent for Treatment of Dioxin
Contaminated Soils. Interim rept. Oct 84-Jun 85,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. B. White, K. E. Leese, and A. C. Clayton. Jul 85,98p
EPA/600/2-85/083
Contract EPA-68-03-3149
Alkali polyethylene glycolate (APEG) was field tested
at Shenandoah Stables in Moscow Mills, Missouri, to
evaluate the chemical's potential to dechlorinate
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD)
under field conditions. An experimental design em-
ploying a Latin square was used to compare five levels
of treatments. The treatments were designated: (1)
APEG-treated and covered, (2) APEG-treated and un-
covered, (3) not treated and covered, (4) not treated
and uncovered, and (5) methoxpolyethylene glycol
(MPEG) control and uncovered. In addition to the
arena site, two sections of bleachers were also treated
with APEG to determine the chemical's ability to de-
contaminate dust-covered surfaces. It was determined
that there was not a statistical difference between
those plots treated with APEG and those treated with
the MPEG control. Soil moisture was determined to be
on the order of 18 to 21 percent by water weight.
APEG has been determined to be extremely hygro-
scopic. The property resulted in its deactivation and
prevented significant TCDD reduction in the Latin
square experiment. The bleachers test showed ap-
proximately a 32-percent and a 16-percent reduction in
2,3,7,8-TCDD in the final dust samples after a single
application of APEG.
Keywords: 'Decontamination, 'Soils, 'Hazardous ma-
terials, 'Ultraviolet radiation, Field tests, Photolysis,
Sampling, Dust control, Sites, Pavements, Roads,
Chemical analysis. Pesticides, 'Land pollution,
'Dioxin(Herbicides), 'Chemical treatment, 'Liquid
waste disposal, Dibenzodioxin/tetrachloro, Waste oils,
Poly(glycol/oxyethylene), Poly((glycol/ethylene)-
methox).
PB85-233112/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Equipment Leaks of VOC (Volatile Organic Com-
pound) In Natural Gas Production Industry - Back-
ground Information for Promulgated Standards.
Final Report. Final environmental impact statement,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
J. R. Farmer. May 85,121p EPA/450/3-82/024B
See also PB84-155126.
Standards of performance for the control of volatile or-
ganic compound (VOC) equipment leaks from the nat-
ural gas production industry are being promulgated
under Section 111 of the Clean Air Act. These stand-
ards will apply to equipment leaks of VOC within new,
modified, and reconstructed gas plant compressors
and process units. This document summarizes the re-
sponses to public comments received on the pro-
posed standards and the basis for changes made in
the standards since proposal.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statement-final,
Performance standards, Leakage, Equipment, Cost
analysis, Economic impact, Tests, 'Natural gas proc-
essing plants, 'Air pollution control, Volatile organic
compounds.
PB85-233146/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Overland Flow: A Decade of Progress,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Municipal Facilities Div.
R. E. Thomas. Feb 84, 18p
Overland flow is a good example of a developing tech-
nology which addresses the innovative/alternative as-
pects of the Clean Water Act of 1977.
Keywords: 'Grasses, 'Sewage treatment, 'Irrigation,
Nitrogen, Cost effectiveness, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Bacteria, Algae, Removal, Performance eval-
uation, "Land application, Clean Water Act of 1977,
Secondary treatment.
PB85-233310/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency Evaluation of
the AUTOTHERM Energy Conservation System
under Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Informa-
tion and Cost Savings Act. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
W. M. Pidgeon. Jan 85,88p EPA-AA-TEB-511-85-1
The document announces the conclusions of the EPA
evaluation of the 'AUTOTHERM Energy Conservation
System' device under the provisions of Section 511 of
the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act.
The evaluation of the 'AUTOTHERM Energy Conser-
vation System' was conducted upon the application of
the manufacturer. The device allows using the vehi-
cle's heater while parked with the engine oft. Using the
device is claimed to: (1) conserve fuel, (2) eliminate
the exhaust pollutants that are generated when vehi-
cle warmth is maintained by idling the engine, and, (3)
lower maintenance costs. The device is also claimed
to improve safety by eliminating the need to leave an
unattended vehicle with its engine idling to maintain
warmth. Carbon monoxide poisoning risks are also al-
leviated. EPA fully considered all of the information
submitted by the applicant. The evaluation of the 'AU-
TOTHERM Energy Conservation System' was based
on that information and the results of an Air Force test
project.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Heating equipment, Ex-
haust emissions, Fuel consumption, Tests, Mainte-
nance, Safety, "Energy conservation, Retrofitting, Fuel
economy.
PB85-233336/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Interim Report on PIC (Products of Incomplete
Combustion) Minimization in a Research Combus-
tor. Interim rept. Jan-Mar 85,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
L. J. Staley. Jul 82,23p EPA/600/2-85/082
A series of five organic compounds (1,1,2,2-tetrachlor-
oethane, trichloroethylene, Freon-113, carbon tetra-
chloride and chlorobenzene) were burned in heptane
in a 100,000 Btu/hour water-jacketed research com-
bustor in order to determine what, if any, PICs (Prod-
ucts of Incomplete Combustion) formed under condi-
tions of extreme flame quenching. For each test,
excess air levels were varied from 120% of theoretical
air to 240% of theoretical air which, for the combustor
used, represented the limits of flame stability. Results
show that PICs do not always occur predictably, but
are very much influenced by the POHC (Principal Or-
ganic Hazardous Constituent) being burned. Where
they do occur though, the emission levels of PICs in-
crease with increasing levels of excess air, over the
range of air levels investigated. The report covers the
period of January-March 1985, and the work was com-
pleted as of March 31,1985.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Combustion, 'Test cham-
bers, 'Hazardous materials, 'Incineration, Carbon tet-
rachloride, Solid waste disposal, State government,
Experimental design, Research project,
Concentration(Composition), Laboratory equipment,
Sampling, 'Principal organic hazardous constituents,
Benzene/chloro, Ethane/tetrachloro, Ethylene/trich-
loro, Freon 113.
PB85-233344/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Somatosensory Evoked Potentials,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. S. Dyer. 1985,88p EPA/600/D-85/137
Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) have been
used by neuroscientists for many years. The versatility
of the method is attested to be the differing purposes
to which it has been applied. Initially, SEPs were used
to uncover basic principles of sensory processing. A
casual glance at the literature might suggest that SEPs
fell from favor and that over the last decade there has
been a renaissance in their use (and the use of evoked
potentials in general). More careful scrutiny indicates
that use of the method has continued to increase at a
steady rate, but that the arenas in which it has been
used have shifted from those of basic to those of ap-
plied problems. With the advent of more advanced mi-
croelectrode techniques, SEPs were displaced from
the basic neuroscience laboratory to the clinic, where
they have been used by psychologists and neurolo-
gists. In turn, the apparent utility of the SEP in address-
ing applied problems has lead to a renewed interest in
some of the basic mechanisms underlying the record-
ed responses. The goal of the present chapter is
threefold. First, to provide a critical summary of the
contemporary uses of SEPs; second, to explore the
potential utility of SEPs in neurotoxicology; and third,
to identify some of the issues which must be ad-
dressed in order to perform good neurotoxicological
experiments using SEPs.
Keywords: 'Neurophysiology, Central nervous system,
'Evoked potentials, 'Somatosensory evoked poten-
tials.
PB85-233393/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Acidic Deposition Phenomenon and Its Effects:
Critical Assessment Document. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Acid Deposition, Environmental Monitoring,
and Quality Assurance.
D. A. Bennett, R. L. Goble, and R. A. Linthurst. Aug 85,
182p EPA/600/8-85/001
See also PB85-100030-V1. Prepared in cooperation
with Clark Univ., Worcester, MA., and North Carolina
State Univ. at Raleigh.
The Acidic Deposition Phenomenon and Its Effects:
Critical Assessment Document (CAD) is a summary,
integration, and interpretation of the current scientific
understanding of acidic deposition. It is firmly based
upon The Acidic Deposition Phenomenon and Its Ef-
fects: Critical Assessment Review Papers (CARP),
PB85-100030 and PB85-100048, a multi-authored
comprehensive critical review of the published scientif-
ic literature of the atmospheric phenomena and effects
of acidic deposition, augmented by additional current
scientific references. The authors of this integrative
summary have attempted to draw together ana inter-
pret evidence from disparate sections of the CARP.
Reference is made, where possible, to CARP sections
providing information for the CAD analyses; citations
are made to additional references. Quotations and
paraphrases of conclusions and observations from the
CARP provide much of the material in the CAD. As
such, they represent the conclusions of the CARP au-
thors interpreted by the CAD authors. Some additional
evidence has been developed by the CAD authors,
and the conclusions drawn from this information are
solely those of the CAD authors.
Keywords: "Air water interactions, 'Air pollution, 'En-
vironmental surveys, Fishes, Ecology, Trends, Water
chemistry, Farm crops, Surface waters,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Assessments, Reviews,
Soils, Forests, Food chains, Mathematical models,
Concentration(Composition), Public health, Transport
properties, Vegetation, Water pollution, Sources, Acid-
ity, 'Acid rain, 'Air pollution effects(Humans), 'Air pol-
lution effects(Piants), 'Air pollution effects(Materials),
'Air pollution effects(Animals), Dry deposition, Wet
methods, Ecosystems, Atmospheric chemistry. Wet
methods, Natural emissions, Chemical reaction mech-
anisms, Land pollution.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB85-233443/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of Sedimentation and Filtration for
Microorganism Removal,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH,
Drinking Water Research Div.
G. S. Logsdon, and E. W. Rice. 1985, 27p EPA/600/D-
85/138
Removals of bacteria and Giardia cysts in a pilot plant
sedimentation basin were evaluated and compared
with turbidity removal. Removal was studied during
normal operating conditions, during initial period of
filter operation after backwashing, and during times of
turbidity breakthrough. It was concluded that continu-
ous flow sedimentation basins can remove a substan-
tial fraction (perhaps up to 90 percent) of bacteria or
cysts in the applied water. Microorganism reduction
may be similar to turbidity reduction on a percentage
basis. The tendency of filters to produce water with
somewhat elevated turbidity upon restart after back-
washing is accompanied by a tendency to pass higher
concentrations of cysts and bacteria at the same time.
Pilot plant data showed that the probability of attaining
high numbers of bacteria or Giardia cysts in filtered
water was greater when filtered water turbidities
ranged from 0.21 to 1.4 ntu in contrast with data with
filtered water turbidities not exceeding 0.20 ntu.
Keywords: "Microorganism control(Water), "Sedimen-
tation, 'Filtration, "Water treatment, Bacteria, Microor-
ganisms, Pilot plants, Disinfection, Performance eval-
uation, Potable water, Giardia cysts.
P885-233484/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Pilot Plant Evaluation of Critical Fluid Extractions
for Environmental Applications. Final rept. Oct 82-
Sep 84,
Critical Fluid Systems, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
G. S. Kingsley. Jul 85, 93p* EPA/600/2-85/081
Contract EPA-68-02-3924
The report gives results of using liquefied-gas solvents
in a pilot plant study to extract oil from mill scale (a
steel mill by-product) and bleaching clay (a vegetable
oil filtering media). The process, operated on a semi-
batch cycle, involved two extractors and a solvent re-
covery system. The results of the extraction experi-
ments demonstrated the feasibility of condensed gas
extraction. Preliminary economics indicate attractive
payback on full-scale plants: about 23 months for a mill
scale extraction facility and 17 months for a bleaching
clay plant.
Keywords: "Solvents, "Solid waste disposal, "Air pol-
lution control, "Solvent extraction, "Liquefied gases,
"Materials recovery, Economic analysis, Critical point,
Design criteria, Industrial wastes, Pilot plants, Perform-
ance evaluation, Food industry, Experimental design,
Extractors, Feasibility, Vegetable oils, Bleaching
agents, Iron and steel industry, "Liquid waste disposal,
"Supercritical gas extraction, "Critical fluids, "Bleach-
ing clays, "Oil wastes, Energy conservation, Waste uti-
lization.
PB85-233492/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Ambient Monitoring for PCB Near Three Landfills
in the Bloomington, Indiana Area. Final rept. Aug
82-Jul 84,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
D. L. Sgontz, and J. E. Howes. Jun 85,145p EPA/600/
4-85/044
Contract EPA-68-02-3745
A monitoring program was conducted to determine
PCB levels in ambient air on and in the vicinity of three
landfills in the Bloomington, Indiana area. Fixed-height
measurements were made at locations on the sites
where capacitors containing PCB were exposed (hot
spots) and at nominally upwind and downwind loca-
tions. Vertical PCB concentration profiles were also
obtained at five elevations (2 to 180 cm) above select-
ed hot spots. Sampling was performed over 8-hour
daytime periods (approximately 0900-1700 hours) and
over 24-hour periods at various on- and off-site loca-
tions. Polyurethane foam (PUP) cartridges used either
with Du Pont personal-type sampling pumps or EPA-
developed high volume samplers were used for collec-
tion of PCB from the ambient air. The quantity of PCB
(as Aroclor 1242) in the PUF cartridges was deter-
mined by extraction and analysis of the extract by elec-
402 Vol. 90, No. 24
tron-capture gas chromatography (EPA Method 608).
Meteorological conditions were also measured at the
sites during the field monitoring period.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Earth fills, "Air pol-
lution, Gas analysis, Solid waste disposal, Sites, Ex-
traction, Gas chromatography, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Experimental design,
Quality assurance, Solid waste disposal, "Polychlori-
nated biphenyls, "Air pollution detection, "Air pollution
sampling, Aroclor 1242, Bloomington(lndiana), EPA
method 608, High volume samplers, EPA region 5, Re-
medial action.
PB85-233518/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Survey of Perchloroethylene Emission Sources.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jun 85,133p EPA/450/3-85/017
The potential health impact of perchloroethylene emis-
sions is being investigated. The document contains in-
formation on the sources of perchloroethylene emis-
sions, current emission levels, and State regulations
applicable to the emission sources.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Air pollution,
"Public health, Sources, Tables(Data), Industrial
wastes, Exhaust emissions, Dry cleaning, Decreasing,
"Ethylene/perchloro, "Air quality, Fugitive emissions.
PB8S-233S42/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Sediment Sampling Quality Assurance User's
Guide,
Nevada Univ., Las Vegas.
D. S. Barth, and T. H. Starks. Jul 85,129p* EPA/600/
4-85/048
The report is to serve as a companion to an analogous
document on soil sampling quality assurance. Prior to
the design of an adequate quality assurance/quality
control (QA/QC) plan for sediment sampling, there
must be agreement on the objectives of the sampling
program. Answers to the following questions should be
available: How will the resulting data be used to draw
conclusions. An overview of selected sediment
models is presented to serve as a foundation for strati-
fication of study regions and selection of locations for
sampling sites, methods of sampling, and sample
preparation and analyses. Discussions of situations re-
lating to rivers, lakes, and estuaries are included.
Keywords: "Sedimentation, 'Sediment transport,
"Rivers, "Lakes, "Estuaries, "Water pollution, Sites,
Quality control, Experimental design, Statistical analy-
sis, Sampling, Biology, Tables(Data), Confidence
limits, Bias, Stratification.
PB85-233658/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml,
Emission Control Technology Div.
Emissions Characterization of Heavy-Duty Diesel
and Gasoline Engines and Vehicles. Final rept. 20
Sep 78-20 Dec 84,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
T. L. Ullman, and C. T. Hare. May 85,346p EPA/460/
3-85/001
Contract EPA-68-03-2706
Laboratory emissions evaluations were performed on
heavy-duty diesel and gasoline engines and vehicles.
Results from using water injection (unstabilized macro-
emulsion formed in the injection pump) on a heavy-
duty diesel engine showed major reductions in particu-
late and NOx emissions, except during idle and light
load conditions. Test work carried out on the heavy-
duty gasoline engine running at high load confirmed
that BaP emissions did exist, but that the levels emit-
ted were low, and that they decreased with leaner f/a
ratio. Selected maladjustments (simulating wear of in-
adequate maintenance) of the Cummins VTB-903 sub-
stantially increased HC, smoke and particulate emis-
sion levels. Maladjustments of the Detroit Diesel 6V-
71N coach engine resulted in lower HC and NOx emis-
sion levels, but higher CO emissions, smoke, and par-
ticulate. Emissions over various chassis test cycles
from three in-service transit buses proved to be highly
variable from one bus to another. In addition, emis-
sions from each bus were very test cycle-sensitive.
Keywords: "Exhaust emissions, "Air pollution control,
Particles, Nitrogen oxides, Hydrocarbons, Aldehydes!
Buses, Carbon monoxide, Tables(Data), Carbon diox-
ide, Concentration(Composition), Performance evalua-
tion, "Heavy duty vehicles, "Diesel engine exhaust,
"Air pollution detection, Federal test procedure.
PB85-233666/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Emissions from Two In-Use Heavy-Duty Diesel
Engines. Final rept. Feb-Apr 84,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
S. F. Martin. Sep 84, 63p EPA/460/3-84/017
Contract EPA-68-03-3162
No abstract available.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Exhaust emissions, Hydro-
carbons, Nitrogen oxides, Comparison, Tables(Data),
Performance evaluation, Smoke, Carbon monoxide,
Carbon dioxide, "Heavy duty vehicles, "Diesel engine
exhaust, "Federal test procedures, "Air pollution sam-
pling.
PB85-233708/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Economic Analysis Div.
Estimates of Willingness to Pay for Pollution-In-
duced Changes in Morbidity: A Critique for Bene-
fit-Cost Analysis of Pollution Regulation. Environ-
mental Benefits Analysis Series. Final rept.,
Energy and Resource Consultants, Inc., Boulder, CO.
L. G. Chestnut, and D. M. Violette. Sep 84,203p EPA/
230/07-85/008
Contract EPA68-01 -6543
See also PB85-233716.
Critique of existing literature on the willingness to pay,
by individuals and by society, for changes in morbidity.
The critique concentrates on empirical analyses. Four
approaches are examined: (1) health production func-
tion studies that specify a relationship between a per-
son's health and his expenditures of time and money
in response to and for prevention of illness; (2) cost of
illness studies that estimate primarily the medical ex-
penditures and income lost due to being sick; (3) con-
tingent valuation surveys designed to elicit willingness
to pay (or accept) from individual respondents; and (4)
health status indexes from the psychology and public
health literature that typically involve a subjective
weighting or ranking of different states of health. The
practicality of each approach is evaluated along with
factors that influence each measure and its conceptu-
al appropriateness for valuing changes in morbidity.
Tentative conclusions are offered regarding potential
usefulness of the approaches for evaluating morbidity
changes expected from pollution control.
Keywords: "Morbidity, "Pollution, "Benefit cost analy-
sis, Reduction, Prevention, "Health care costs, Willing-
ness to pay, Health status indexes.
PB85-233716/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Economic Analysis Div.
Estimates of Willingness to Pay for Pollution-In-
duced Changes in Morbidity: A Critique for Bene-
fit-Cost Analysis of Pollution Regulation. Execu-
tive Summary. Final rept.,
Energy and Resource Consultants, Inc., Boulder, CO.
L. G. Chestnut, and D, M. Violette. Sep 84,30p EPA/
230/07-85/009
Contract EPA-68-01 -6543
See also PB85-233708.
Critique of existing literature on the willingness to pay,
by indivduals and by society, for changes in morbidity.
The critique concentrates on empirical analyses. Four
approaches are examined: (1) health production func-
tion studies that specify a relationship between a per-
son's health and his expenditures of time and money
in response to and for prevention of illness; (2) cost of
illness studies that estimate primarily the medical ex-
penditures and income lost due to being sick; (3) con-
tingent valuation surveys designed to elicit willingness
to pay (or accept) from individual respondents; and (4)
health status indexes from the psychology and public
health literature that typically involve a subjective
weighting or ranking of different states of health. The
practicality of each approach is evaluated along with
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
al appropriateness for valuing changes in morbidity.
Tentative conclusions are offered regarding potential
usefulness of the approaches for evaluating morbidity
changes expected from pollution control.
Keywords: 'Morbidity, "Pollution, 'Benefit cost analy-
sis, Reduction, Prevention, "Health care costs, Willing-
ness to pay, Health status indexes.
PB85-234243/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Investigation of the Rolling Resistance of Fuel-Ef-
ficient and High Performance Tires. Technical
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
N. Egeler. Aug 84,11 p EPA/AA/SDSB-84/5A
The report presents the results from the second phase
of the Rolling Resistance Test Program. The second
phase of the program was to determine the rolling re-
sistance of two groups of tires: (1) those tires thought
to have low rolling resistance and therefore be fuel effi-
cient, and (2) high performance tires. Tests were per-
formed to learn of tires advertised as fuel efficient had
lower rolling resistance than the high sales tires sam-
pled during the first phase, and to determine if the high
performance tires had higher rolling resistance than
regular-performance automobile tires.
Keywords: 'Automobile tires, Statistical data, Perform-
ance, Fuel consumption, Rolling contact loads, Tests,
Passenger vehicles, Automobiles, Rolling friction,
'Tire rolling resistance. Fuel economy.
PB85-234490/HSU	PC A04/ MF A01
Characterization of the Rolling Resistance of Af-
termarket Passenger Car Tires. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
N. Egeler. Jul 84, 64p EPA/AA/SDSB-84/5
This report presents the results from a recent EPA test
program in which the tire characteristics which may
affect tire rolling resistance were examined. Fifty-four
model lines of passenger car tires (252 tires total) were
tested using the procedure outlined in 'EPA Recom-
mended Practice for the Determination of Rolling Re-
sistance Coefficients.'
Keywords: 'Automobile tires, Rolling friction, Passen-
ger vehicles, Tests, Statistical data, Prices, Correla-
tions, Statistical analysis, Fuel consumption, Rolling
contact loads, 'Tire rolling resistance. Tire cords, Fuel
economy.
PB8S-234573/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Coastal Marinas Assessment Handbook, April
1985.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Jun 85, 608p EPA/904/6-85/132
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Coastal Marinas Assessment Handbook presents
information and guidance for the environmentally
sound development and regulation of coastal marinas.
The handbook provides assistance and identifies op-
tions for the resolution of environmental, institutional
and engineering issues associated with coastal marina
development. The document provides state-of-the-art
information and is designed to be periodically updated.
Keywords: 'Regulations, "Marinas, 'Coasts, "Re-
views, Site surveys. Environmental impacts, Hand-
books, Civil engineering, Dredging, Water quality,
Shore protection, Boats, Operations, Maintenance,
Spoil, Solid waste disposal, Ecology, Flushing, Shell-
fish, Planning, Habitats.
PB85-234581 /HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Mathematical and Empirical Receptor Models
Workshop: Quail Roost 2 Reports. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Ft. K. Stevens. 1984, 86p EPA/600/J-84/317
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment 18, n8 p1499-1582
Aug 84.Portions of this document are not fully legible.
On March 14-17,1982, the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency (EPA) sponsored the Mathematical and
Empirical Receptor Models Workshop (Quail Roost II)
at the Quail Roost Conference Center in Rougemont,
NC. EPA invited 35 scientists to participate. Results of
receptor modeling applied to real and simulated data
sets were discussed, evaluated, and structured in a
manner that permitted intercomparisons of the
models. The participants also were asked to prepare
reports on the state of the art of receptor modeling
based on the results of their analyses of the simulated
and real data. Topics covered in the reports are as fol-
lows: Overview of the Mathematical and Empirical Re-
ceptor Models Workshop; Review of Receptor Model
Fundamentals; Interlaboratory Comparison of Source
Apportionment Procedures: Results for Simulated
Data Sets; Chemical and Physical Analyses of Hous-
ton Aerosol for Interlaboratory Comparison of Source
Apportionment Procedures; Interlaboratory Compari-
son of Receptor Model Results for Houston Aerosol;
and Considerations for Design of Source Apportion-
ment Studies.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Meetings, 'Air pol-
lution, 'Chemical analysis, Comparison, Aerosols,
Sources, Particles, Concentration(Composition), Re-
prints, 'Receptor models, "Air quality, State of the art.
PB85-234649/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Radiation Data, Report 40. Octo-
ber-December 1984,
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
J. W. Gunter. Mar 85,49p EPA/520/5-85/022
See also PB85-186674.
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is compiled and
distributed quarterly by the Office of Radiation Pro-
grams' Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility
(EERF), Montgomery, Alabama, and contains data
from the Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring
System (ERAMS). The ERAMS is comprised of nation-
wide sampling stations that provide air, surface and
drinking water, and milk samples from which environ-
mental radiation levels are derived. The radiation anal-
yses performed on these samples include gross alpha
and gross beta levels, gamma analyses for fission
products, and specific analyses for uranium, Plutoni-
um, strontium, iodine, radium, krypton, and tritium.
Keywords: "Radioactivity, Gamma rays, Radioactive
contaminants, Airborne wastes, Surface waters, Pota-
ble water, Milk, Tritium, Cesium 137, Iodine 131,
Carbon 14, Krypton 85, Strontium 90, Uranium 235,
Plutonium 238, Plutonium 239, Tables(Data), 'Radi-
ation monitoring, ERAMS system, Strontium 89,
Radium 226, Uranium 234, Uranium 238, Iodine 129,
Barium 140, Potassium 40, Environmental exposure
pathways.
PB85-234672/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Investigation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon
Discharges to Water in the Vicinity of Buffalo,
New York. Final rept.,
New York Stale Dept. of Environmental Conservation,
Albany.
E. J. Kuzia, and J. J. Black. Feb 85,136p EPA/905/4-
85/002
Grant EPA-R-005566
Prepared in cooperation with Roswell Park Memorial
Inst., Buffalo, NY.
Eastern Lake Erie and the upper Niagara River basin
were sampled for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAH) to assess their distribution and sources. Twenty-
five sites were sampled using polypropylene sub-
strates. Five areas were identified as having relatively
high PAH contamination. These were Lake Erie at the
mouth of Smoke Creek, the Union and Lackawanna
Ship Canals, the Buffalo River, Two Mile Creek, and
the Buffalo Sewer Authority. Subsequent sampling and
analyses of sediments, water, and polypropylene sub-
strates confirmed the preliminary findings. The
sources of the PAH were attributed to steel manufac-
turing operations (Lake Erie at the mouth of Smoke
Creek and Union and Lackawanna Ship Canals) and
oil storage facilities (Two Mile Creek). The Buffalo
Sewer Authority was sampled directly in the outfall,
and the analytical results identified it as a source of
PAH to the Niagara River. The Buffalo River had sever-
al PAH inputs near the South Park Bridge. In addition
to the areas identified as having high PAH contamina-
tion, there was a generalize PAH contamination
throughout the study area.
Keywords: 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, "Water
pollution, "Iron and steel industry, 'Sediments, 'Water
analysis, "Oil storage, Assessments, Sites, Sources,
Sewers,	Industrial	wastes,
Concentrations(Composition), Chemical analysis, New
York, 'Water pollution sampling, 'Water pollution de-
tection, Buffalo(New York).
PB85-235141/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Epidemiological Approach for Determining the
Significance of Pathogens in Sewage Sludge,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
W. Jakubowski. Aug 85,14p EPA/600/D-85/173
A study of compost workers in four cities indicated only
relatively minor effects in workers within 100 m of com-
posting operations. The observed effects may have
been due to irritants produced in the composting proc-
ess (dust, Aspergillus) and not related to the sludge
portion of the compost. A prospective epidemiological
study concerning the land application of sludge indi-
cated no significant differences in illness and infection
rates of people and animals on sludge-applied farms
as compared to control farms. However, the human
exposure to sludge was very low. The continued use of
comprehensive, agent-based prospective epidemio-
logical studies to assess the pathogenic risk of sludge
disposal options (with the possible exception of D&M)
is not recommended because of design, interpretation
and site-specificity problems and because of cost con-
siderations. Disease-based surveillance systems may
be of some value in identifying hazardous disposal
practices and further investigation into the design and
implementation of such systems is recommended.
Modeling may be a viable approach for assessing the
risk of sludge disposal options but much more work
needs to be done to evaluate and validate existing
models and to possibly develop alternate models.
Keywords: 'Epidemiology, 'Pathogens, 'Public
health, 'Sludge disposal, 'Industrial hygiene, Design
criteria, Hazardous materials, Mathematical models,
Sites, Toxicity, Composts, Farms, Exposure, "Occupa-
tional safety and health, 'Toxic substances, 'Sewage
sludge.
PB85-235158/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Target Organ Toxicology of Halocarbons Com-
monly Found Contaminating Drinking Water,
Health Effects Research Lab,, Cincinnati, OH.
L. W. Condie. Aug 85,14p EPA/600/D-85/172
Some of the most frequent drinking water contami-
nants are organic halocarbons. The paper will initially
summarize the target organ effects of three halocar-
bons: 1,2-dichloroethane, tetrachloroethylene, and
trichloroethylene. Following the brief summaries, a
more detailed description of the oral hepatoxicity of
carbon tetrachloride is presented. Data are provided
that indicate that the hepatotoxicity of carbon tetra-
chloride is enhanced when administered by corn oil
gavage when compared to aqueous suspension
gavage.
Keywords: "Toxicology, 'Potable water, 'Halohydro-
carbons,	'Water	pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Carbon tetrachloride,
Ecology, Laboratory animals, Exposure, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Water pollution effects(Humans), Ethane/
dichloro, Ethylene/tetrachloro, Ethylene/trichloro,
Ethylene/perchloro.
PB8S-235166	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research Div.
Evaluation of m-T7 Agar as a Fecal Conform
Medium Journal article,
Montana State Univ., Bozeman. Dept. of Microbiology.
M. W. LeChevallier, P. E. Jakanoski, A. K, Camper, and
G. A. McFeters. C1984, 6p EPA/600/J-84/321
Grant EPA-R-807092
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v48
n2 p371-375 Aug 84.
The m-T/7 agar, designed to improve recoveries of in-
jured total conforms, was evaluated for its effective-
ness as a fecal coliform medium. The time and temper-
ature of preincubation were found to be crucial to the
optimal recovery of fetal coliforms. Isolation rates for
fecal coliforms on m-T7 agar from sewage effluents
were the highest when plates were preincubated at
37C for 8 h before transfer to 44.5C for 12 h. The
medium was found to produce consistently higher
fecal coliform counts than all the other methods
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tested. Recoveries were 3.1 times greater than the
standard m-FC method and 1.7 times greater than the
two-layer enrichment, temperature acclimation proce-
dure. Verification rates for fecal conforms isolated on
m-T7 agar averaged 89.0%, whereas verification rates
for m-FC agar averaged only 82.8%. (Copyright (c)
1984, American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: "Coliform bacteria, "Culture media, 'Agar,
Sewage, Feces, Acclimatization, Temperature, Recov-
ery, Isolation, Evaluation, Reprints, m-T/7 agar.
PB85-235174	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research Div.
Evidence for the Role of Copper in the Injury
Process of Coliform Bacteria in Drinking Water.
Journal article,
Montana State Univ., Bozeman. Dept. of Microbiology.
M. J. Domek, M. W. LeChavallier, S. C. Cameron, and
G. A. McFeters. C1984, 7p EPA/600/J-84/322
Grant EPA-R-807092
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v48
n2 p289-293 Aug 84.
Low levels of copper in chlorine-free distribution water
caused injury of coliform populations. Monitoring of 44
drinking water samples indicated that 64% of the coli-
form population was injured. Physical and chemical pa-
rameters were measured, including three heavy
metals (Cu, Cd, and Pb). Copper concentrations were
important, ranging from 0.007 to 0.54 mg/liter. Statisti-
cal analyses of these factors were used to develop a
model to predict coliform injury. The model predicted
almost 90% injury with a copper concentration near
the mean observed value (0.158 mg/liter) in distribu-
tion waters. Laboratory studies with copper concentra-
tions of 0.025 and 0.050 mg/liter in an inorganic
carbon buffer under controlled conditions of tempera-
ture and pH caused over 90% injury within 6 and 2
days, respectively. Studies of the metabolism of in-
jured Escherichia coli cells indicated that the respirato-
ry chain is at least one site of damage in injured cells.
Keywords: "Copper, "Toxicology, "Potable water,
"Bacteria, Models, Monitoring, Reprints, "Drinking
water, Coliform bacteria.
PB85-235182/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
NAAQS (National Ambient Air Quality Standards)
Exposure Model (NEM) Applied to Carbon Monox-
ide: Addendum. Final rept.,
PEI Associates, Inc., Durham, NC.
R. A. Paul, and T. Johnson. Apr 85,40p EPA/450/5-
85/004
Contract EPA-68-02-4309
See also PB84-242551.
The report describes the results obtained when the
carbon monoxide (CO) version of NEM is used to esti-
mate national exposures associated with attaining the
current CO standard (9 ppm, one observed excee-
dance). This standard was not analyzed in the basic
report of the same title (EPA-450/5-83-003). NEM is a
simulation model that simulates the intersection of a
population with pollutant concentrations over space
and time to estimate exposures that would obtain if
various alternative NAAQS were just met. Estimates
are presented for adults with cardiovascular disease in
four urban study areas and for a nationwide extrapola-
tion.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Carbon monoxide, "Mathe-
matical models, Exposure, Assessments, Standards,
Urban areas, Concentration(Composition), Population,
Cardiovascular diseases, Extrapolation, Tables(Data),
"Air quality, "National Ambient Air Quality Standards,
"Air pollution effects(Humans), "NAAQS exposure
model. Indoor air pollution.
PB85-235190/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Survey of Meteorological and Tracer Data for
Demonstrating a Data Archive. Final rept
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA
R K Woodruff, and C. S. Glantz. Aug 85, 53p EPA/
600/3-85/052
Contract EPA-68-02-4063
The report describes the results of a survey of avail-
able pre-1980 micrometeorological and tracer data
sets. The purpose of the report is to: identify data of
potential interest for archiving and provide information
about the general character of the body of data of in-
terest. This latter information is of interest to guide the
design of the archive structure and documentation,
and archiving procedures. The assessment identified
22 micrometeorological and 41 tracer diffusion data
sets of primary interest for potential future archiving.
The survey addressed data sets for relatively flat rural
terrain with small to moderate roughness elements.
Only diffusion studies with controlled tracer releases
were considered. From these, a subset of 5 microme-
teorological and 5 tracer diffusion data sets were rec-
ommended for first archiving. The recommended data
sets include: Micrometeorological - Minnesota 1973,
Cabauw 1977-1979, Koorin Expedition, Cooperative
Atmospheric Boundary Layer Experiment (CABLE),
Penoix Project; Tracer Diffusion - Hanford 1964, Han-
ford Secondary Series, Cabauw, Karlsruhe 1969-1974,
Ocean Breeze. Tabular summaries for these data are
provided. From these data sets, the Minnesota 1973
and the Hanford 1964 were recommended for use in
developing and testing the archive procedures and
documentation.
Keywords: "Boundary models, "Air pollution. Assess-
ments, Meteorology, Atmospheric diffusion, Experi-
mental design, Tables(Data), "Tracer studies, "Atmos-
pheric dispersion.
PB85-23520S	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research Div.
Interactions between Heterotrophic Plate Count
Bacteria and Coliform Organisms. Journal article,
Montana State Univ., Bozeman. Dept. of Microbiology.
M. W. LeChevallier, and G. A. McFeters. C1985, 5p
EPA/600/J-85/090
Grant EPA-R-807092
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v49
n5p1338-1341 May 85.
Studies were initiated to investigate the interactions
between heterotrophic plate count bacteria and coli-
form organisms. The authors used spiked samples to
show that heterotrophic plate count bacteria could
reduce coliform densities by more than 3 logs within 8
days. Some heterotrophic plate count bacteria were
able to cause injury to the coliform population. A signif-
icant correlation (r=0.66; P less than 0.05) was ob-
served between the initial level of heterotrophic plate
count bacteria and the rate of coliform decline. Com-
petition for limiting organic carbon was hypothesized
to be responsible for the observed effects. (Copyright
(c) 1985, American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: "Bacteria, "Coliform bacteria, "Competi-
tion, Interactions, Populations, Carbon, Organic com-
pounds, Injuries, Reprints.
PB85-235216/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Introduction to Micrometeorological and Tracer
Data Archive Procedures. Final rept.,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA,
J. G. Droppo, and C. R. Watson. Aug 85, 59p EPA/
600/3-85/053
Contract EPA-68-02-4063
The report provides a user-oriented introduction to the
archive structure and contents. The archive includes
both documentation and data. A data set documenta-
tion report is prepared for each archived data set. The
entries in the documentation are as follows: data set
fact summary, a narrative description of experiment
and data, special information, references, a descrip-
tion of archive data files, contacts (names, addresses,
and phone numbers) and standard experiment sum-
mary tables. The archived data are contained within a
well-defined structure called data map. Standard
words are used for mapping variables and their units
within the various data sets. This feature allows global
scanning of data sets for specific variables. The data
structure is designed so that selected portions may be
loaded into the user's data base system or it may be
accessed using a custom computer program. An ex-
ample of a computer code for accessing the data is
given.
Keywords: "Meteorological data, Archives, "Machine
readable data files, Data base management systems,
Computer files, File maintenance, User
manuals(Computer programs), Access.
PB85-235513/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Full Scale Fabric Filters on Utility
Boilers: SPS Harrington Station Unit 3. Final rept.
Jun 81-Jun 85,
ETS, Inc., Roanoke, VA.
J. W. Richardson, J. D. McKenna, and J. C. Mycock.
Jul 85, 168p EPA/600/7-85/031A
Contract EPA-68-02-3649
See also PB85-235521.
The report gives results of total mass and fractional
size particulate emission tests at Southwestern Public
Service's Harrington Station Unit 3 from July 8 to 11,
1981, as part of a program to evaluate and character-
ize the performance of full-scale fabric filter units in-
stalled on 100 MW or larger coal-fired power plants.
Three outlet and one inlet mass and fractional size
emission tests were performed. Due to the absence of
inlet ports, inlet testing was done by bypassing the
baghouse and testing at the outlet ports of the fabric
filter.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Boilers,
"Particles, Air filters, Electric power plants, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Performance evalua-
tion, Design criteria, Combustion modification, "Fabric
filters, "Coal fired power plants, "Southwestern Public
Service's Harrington Station, Baghouses.
PB85-235521/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Full-Scale Fabric Filters on Utility
Boilers: PP and L Brunner Island Station Unit 1.
Final rept. Jun 81-Jun 85,
ETS, Inc., Roanoke, VA.
J. W. Richardson, J. D. McKenna, and J. C. Mycock.
Jul 85, 232p EPA/600/7-85/031 B
Contract EPA-68-02-3649
See also PB85-235513.
The report gives results of two series of total mass and
fractional size particulate emission tests at Pennsylva-
nia Power and Light's Brunner Island Station Unit 1 on
August 12-16,1981, and September 2-4,1982, as part
of a program to evaluate and characterize the perform-
ance of full-scale fabric filter units installed on 100 MW
or larger coal-fired power plants. For 2 years, begin-
ning at start-up of the fabric filter, strip charts and daily
operation and maintenance records were reviewed
and key data recorded. A discussion of bag life and
pressure drop problems and attempted solutions is in-
cluded.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Boilers,
"Particles, Air filters, Electric power plants, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Performance evalua-
tion, Design criteria, Combustion modification, "Fabric
filters, "Coal fired power plants, "Pennsylvania Power
and Light's Burner Island Station, Baghouses.
PB8S-23SS88/HSU	PC A11 /MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Study of Codisposed Municipal and Treated/Un-
treated Industrial Wastes. Final rept. Apr 78-Sep 83,
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS.
L. W. Jones, T. E. Myers, and R. J. Larson. Jul 85,230p
EPA/600/2-85/091
A study was undertaken to determine the long-term ef-
fects of codisposal of industrial waste (IW) and munici-
pal solid waste (MSW) under controlled, simulated
landfill conditions. Three IW's (treated or untreated by
solidification) were disposed with MSW in nine special-
ly designed test cells at an approximate volume ratio of
1:4. The sealed test cells were leached with distilled
water at a rate of 1.27 cm per week. Leachate was col-
lected anaerftbically and analyzed for 28 parameters
monthly or quarterly over a 4-year period. The three
IW's were an electroplating waste (EPW), a chlorine
production brine (CPB), and a glass-electronics etch-
ing sludge (GES). Two processes were used for solidi-
fication of the wastes: Process A added cement plus a
patented ingredient to waste, and Process B mixed
waste with lime and flyash.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Solid waste disposal,
'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials, Leaching, Electro-
plating, Brines, Sludge disposal, Solidification, Calcium
oxides, Metals, "Municipal wastes, Heavy metals. Bio-
logical processes.
PB86-235596/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Delineating Toxic Areas by Canine Olfaction. Final
rept. Aug 83-Jun 84,
IT Corp., Knoxville, TN.
L. D. Arner, G. R. Johnson, and H. S. Skovronek. Jul
85, 43p EPA/600/2-85/089
Contract EPA-68-03-3069
Prepared in cooperation with Biosensors, Inc., West-
moreland, NY., Guardian Training Academy, Windsor,
Ontario, and Environmental Services. Morris Plains,
NJ.
A research project was undertaken to learn how the
highly acute olfactory sensitivity of the canine could be
applied with advantage to environmental problems.
The objectives were to determine how dogs could be
trained to detect hazardous and toxic pollutants in the
environment and how the dogs' responses could be
used by environmental workers to improve sampling
efficiency and to help delineate contaminated sites
that might be encountered in spills and improper dis-
posal incidents. Dogs were trained to recognize and
locate chemicals selected from the toxic and hazard-
ous chemical lists. Another dog was trained to respond
upon detection of chemical scents at extremely low
airborne concentrations such as those that might exist
at the outer perimeter of a disposal site. Throughout
the project, the safety and health of both dog and han-
dler were carefully considered. Over a relatively short
period, two dogs were successfully trained to recog-
nize toluene, 2,4,5- and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol at levels
that could not be detected as quickly or efficiently
using conventional field instrumentation. These dogs
were trained to seek out and retrieve chemically con-
taminated articles or to dig at the site of a simulated
ground contamination. In a field experiment, both dogs
successfully demonstrated their ability by locating as
little as 0.2 g of chemical from distances as great as 50
ft. A third dog was acclimated to another chemical,
1,2,3-trichloropropane, to prepare for a field test at a
nearby Superfund site contaminated with the material.
The dog was trained to sit immediately when he de-
tected the specified odor. The technique demonstrat-
ed that the dog could delineate the perimeter of a con-
taminated area without entering the dangerous zone
defined by conventional instrumentation. A field exper-
iment at the Superfund site was carried out under ex-
tremely adverse weather conditions, it provided en-
couraging but inconclusive results.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Dogs(Mammals),
'Biological indicators, 'Odors, Air pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Field tests, Sites, Toluene, Instrumen-
tation, 'Toxic substances, *Air pollution
effects(Animals), Superfund program, Phenol/trich-
loro, Propane/trichloro, Land pollution.
PB85-235604/HSU	PC A24/MF AOt
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Proceeding* of the 1962 Joint Symposium on Sta-
tionary Combustion NOx Control. Volume 1. Utility
Boiler Applications. Rept. for Nov 82-Apr 85,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Aerospace Systems
Div.
H. B. Mason. Jul 85, 561 p EPA/600/9-85/022A
Contract EPA-68-02-3695
See also PB85-235612. Proceedings of Symposium
held at Dallas, Texas on November 1-4,1982.
The proceedings document more than 50 papers de-
scribing recent advances in NOx control technology
that were presented at the 1982 Joint Symposium on
Stationary Combustion NOx Control. The papers cov-
ered the following topics: utility boiler field experience;
NOx regulations: advanced combustion processes;
NOx flue gas treatment; limestone injection SOx con-
trol; industrial process combustion; industrial, commer-
cial, and residential systems; and fundamental com-
bustion research.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Meetings, 'Electric
power plants, 'Boilers, 'Combustion efficiency, Indus-
trial wastes, Combustion products, Flue gases, Com-
mercial buildings, Residential buildings, Regulations,
Field tests, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
'Stationary sources. Limestone injection, Acid rain,
Low nitrogen oxides concentration firing systems, Re-
burning processes, Limestone injection multistage
burners, Small systems.
PB85-235612/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Proceedings of the 1982 Joint Symposium on Sta-
tionary Combustion NOx Control. Volume 2. Flue
Gas Treatment, Fundamental Studies and Indus-
trial/Commercial/Residential Applications. Rept.
for Nov 82-Apr 85,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Aerospace Systems
Div.
H. B. Mason. Jul 85,633p EPA/600/9-85/022B
Contract EPA-68-02-3695
See also PB85-235604. Proceedings of Symposium
held at Dallas, Texas on November 1 -4,1982.
The 1982 Joint Symposium on Stationary Combustion
NOx Control was held November 1 through 4 in Dallas,
Texas. Over 50 papers were presented, beginning with
an update of NOx regulatory trends; focusing on devel-
opment of control technology for coal-fired utility boil-
ers, industrial power equipment, and process heaters;
and discussing advances in fundamental combustion
research. Speakers represented a wide variety of or-
ganizations including electric utility companies, manu-
facturers of utility boilers and process equipment, re-
search and development groups conducting investiga-
tions sponsored by EPRI and EPA, as well as staff
members of EPRI and EPA. Representatives from Jap-
anese and West German utilities and boiler manufac-
turers provided status reports of activities in those
countries, lending an international perspective to NOx
control issues. The Symposium Proceedings has been
published in two volumes.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Meetings, 'Electric
power plants, "Boilers, 'Combustion efficiency, Indus-
trial wastes, Combustion products, Flue gases, Com-
mercial buildings. Residential buildings, Regulations,
Field tests. Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
'Stationary sources, Limestone injection, Acid rain,
Low nitrogen oxides concentration firing systems. Re-
burning processes, Limestone injection multistage
burners, Small systems.
PB8S-23S919/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Ethylene Dibromlde (EDB) Scientific Support and
Decision Document for Grain and Grain Milling Fu-
migation Uses.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
8 Feb 84,128p
See also PB85-238004.
The document summarizes the Agency Staff evalua-
tion of exposure, risk and economic consequences of
implementing alternative maximum permissible resi-
due levels of EDB in grain and grain products and, at
the same time, placing an immediate emergency sus-
pension upon further use of EDB for fumigation of
grain and grain milling equipment.
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Standards, "Toxicology,
'Grains(Foods), Reviews, Regulations, Exposure,
Risk, Humans, Environmental impacts, Fungicides,
Grain crops, Hazardous materials, "Ethylene/dibromo,
'Toxic substances, Maximum permissible exposure
level, Health risks, Teratogenesis, Benefits.
PB85-235976/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hexachlorobenzene-lnduced Renal Maideveiop-
ment In CD-I Mice and CD Rats,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. E. Andrews, and K. D. Courtney. Aug 85,21p EPA/
600/D-85/160
Enlarged kidneys and hydronephroses were observed
in day 15 postpartum (pp) CD-1 mouse pups from
dams treated with 10 or 50 mg HCB/kg body weight on
days 6-16 of gestation. Additional studies snowed that
enlarged kidneys occurred as well on days 1 and 20
pp. CD rat pups from dams exposed to 10 mg HCB/kg
body weight on days 15-20 of gestation had enlarged
kidneys on postpartum day but not on days 10 or 20. In
the CD rat, there was a significant increase in the
kidney-to-body-weight ratio and the liver-to-body-
weight ratio for the HCB exposed pups at all three time
periods. Pre- and post-natal exposure to HCB resulted
in renal maldevelopment in CD-1 mice and CD rat in
terms of enlarged kidneys and hydronephrosis.
Keywords: "Urologic diseases, 'Environmental sur-
veys, 'Ecology, "Toxicology, 'Pregnancy complica-
tions, Laboratory animals, Rats, Mice,
Ingestion(Biology), Concentration(Composition), Ex-
posure, Kidneys, Hydronephrosis, Dosage, "Foreign
technology, 'Benzene/hexachloro, "Toxic sub-
stances.
PB85-235992/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Parameters Affecting Activated
Carbon Adsorption of a Solvent-Laden Air
Stream,
IT Corp., Knoxville, TN.
M. L. Foster. Jul 85,18p EPA/600/D-85/144
Contract EPA-68-02-3917
As part of EPA's continuing research on methods to
control volatile organic compound emissions, a vapor-
phase activated carbon pilot plant has been construct-
ed. The automated, computer-controlled pilot plant
has been designed to provide data not easily obtained
from full-scale adsorption systems. As part of an over-
all testing program, the pilot plant was operated on an
actual solvent-laden air stream at a manufacturing site.
The purpose of the testing was to evaluate parameters
affecting vapor-phase carbon adsorption and to deter-
mine if modifications to the existing adsorption system
at the site would improve performance. The param-
eters investigated include relative humidity and tem-
perature of the solvent-laden air stream, carbon type,
the amount of steam used to regenerate the carbon,
and the effect of cooling and drying the carbon bed
after regeneration. The experimental conditions and
the loading, expressed in pounds of volatile organic
compound adsorbed per pound of activated carbon,
are reported.
Keywords: "Airflow, 'Emissions, 'Carbon, Adsorption,
Air intakes, "Volatile organic compound emissions,
'Air pollution control, Granular activated carbon
treatment.
PB85-236032/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Innovative Thermal Processes for Hazardous
Waste Treatment and Destruction,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
H. M. Freeman, and E T. Oppelt. Aug 85, 24p* EPA/
600/D-85/169
As the land disposal of untreated hazardous wastes
has continued to fall into disfavor in North America, in-
creasing attention is being given to alternative hazard-
ous waste treatment and disposal technologies. This
increased attention and the public and private support
resulting from such attention have resulted in the de-
velopment over the past several years of many very in-
novative processes. This paper, which is based upon
the survey of innovative thermal processes carried out
by the staff of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agen-
cy's Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Labora-
tory in Cincinnati, Ohio, discusses six innovative proc-
esses currently being discussed in governmental, aca-
demic, and industrial circles in the United States and
Canada. They are: High Temperature Electric Reactor,
Wet Oxidation Process, Plasma Arc Technology, Su-
percritical Water, Molten Glass Incineration, and
Molten Salt Reactor.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Waste disposal,
"Incinerators, Electric furnaces, Substitutes, High tem-
perature tests, Performance evaluation, State govern-
ment, Industrial wastes, Supercritical flow, Molten salt
destruction process, Wet oxidation, Plasma arc fur-
naces.
PB85-236065/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Construction Grants Program for Municipal
Wastewater Treatment Works: Handbook of Pro-
cedures (July 1985 Update).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Municipal Construction Div;
Jul 85,95p* TRANSMITTAL M-85-1
See also PB85-204543.
The Municipal Wastewater Treatment Construction
Grant Amendments of 1981 (PL 97-117) eliminated
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Step 1 and Step 2 grants after December 29, 1981,
and replaced them with an allowance to help defray
the costs of planning and design. Other provisions re-
duced the Federal grant share to 55 percent after Sep-
tember 30, 1984; eliminated grants for collection
sewer systems, major sewer rehabilitation, and correc-
tion of CSOs after September 30, 1984 (except under
certain conditions); required States to reevaluate their
water quality standards; emphasized low cost alterna-
tives, particularly for small communities. The Hand-
book reflects the provisions of the 1981 Amendments
and its implementing regulations.
Keywords: "Grants, "Sewage treatment, 'Construc-
tion, "Municipalities, Design, Instructions, Legislation,
Water quality, Sewers, Cost analysis, Land acquisition,
State government, Allocations, Sludge disposal, Real
property, Upgrading, Handbooks, "Sewage treatment
plants, Alternative planning, "Municipal Wastewater
treatment construction Grants Amendments of 1981,
Land application.
PB85-236073	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab-
Novel Method for Studying the Public Health Sig-
nificance of Macroinvertebrates Occurring in Po-
table Water. Journal article,
Worcester Polytechnic Inst., MA.
R. V. Levy, R. D. Cheetham, J. Davis, G. Winer, and F.
L. Hart. C1984, 7p EPA/600/J-84/323
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v47
n5 p889-894 May 84.
An experimental procedure was developed to study
the association of selected bacteria and macroinverte-
brates and their response to free available chlorine
disinfection. The organisms selected for study were
Escherichia coli (LacZ545), Enterobactercloacae
(ATCC 23355), and the amphipod Hyalella azteca. E.
coli was shown to bind tightly (16,000 CFU per amphi-
pod) to the macroinvertebrate and to resist repeated
attempts to wash it off. E. cloace was shown to bind
much less tightly (1,400 CFU per amphipod) to H.
azteca and was less resistant to removal by washing.
The extent of association is a function of macroinverte-
brate size (surface area), but the procedure produces
repeatable results usable for controlled experimenta-
tion. The method, together with the dual bacterial iden-
tification criteria (morphology and antibiotic resist-
ance), was used to study the response of unassociat-
ed and associated E. coli and E. cloacae to disinfec-
tion with free available chlorine at 1.0 mg/liter. (Copy-
right (c) 1984, American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: "Invertebrates, "Potable water, "Disinfec-
tion, Escherichia coli, Enterobacteriaceae, Crustacea,
Removal, Chlorine, Populations, Responses, Public
health, Water distribution, Distribution systems, Re-
prints, Macroinvertbrates, "Hyalella azteca.
PB85-236081	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Acid Precipitation: Basic Principles and Ecological
Consequences. Journal article.
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. School of Forest
Resources.
E. B. Cowling, and C. B. Davey. c1981, 5p EPA/600/
D-85/177
Grant EPA-R-806912
Pub. in Pulp and Paper 55(B), p182-185 Aug 81.
Forest productivity is emphasized in this review of the
long-term beneficial and harmful effects of acid pre-
cipitation, as currently understood. The article summa-
rizes principles about acid precipitation and its biologi-
cal consequences which concern everyone in the pulp
and paper industry.
Keywords: "Forestry, "Acid precipitation, Ecology,
Productivity, Reprints.
PB85-236099/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Metabolic Activation Pathways of Cyclopenta-
Fused PAH (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons)
and Their Relationship to Genetic and Carcino-
genie Activity,	. „ , _.. ¦
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park NO
S. Nesnow, A. Gold, N. Mohapatra, R. Sangaiah, and
B.J. Bryant. Aug 85,12p EPA/600/D-85/161
406 Vol. 90, No. 24
Cyclopenta-fused PAH are a novel class of environ-
mental PAH of which the most well known example is
cyclopenta(cd)pyrene. The fusion of an unsaturated
cyclopenta-ring on a PAH in general, markedly en-
hances its activity as a gene mutagen in bacteria and
cultured mammalian cells, a cell transforming agent in
rodent cells and a mouse skin tumor initiator. A series
of four cyclopenta-fused isomers of
benz(a)anthracene and the cyclopenta-fused isomers
of anthracene and phenanthrene were studied with re-
spect to the major rat liver microsomal metabolites,
their activity as gene mutagens in Salmonella typhi-
murium and Chinese hamster V79 cells and their ability
to morphologically transform C3H10T1/2CL8 mouse
embryo fibroblasts. For all six isomers, the dihydrodiol
arising from oxidation and hydration at the cyclopenta-
ring was a major pathway in Aroclor-1254 induced rat
liver microsomes. All six isomers were active in mutat-
ing Salmonella typhimurium and the four
benz(a)anthracene isomers active in mutating V79
cells at the HGPRT locus.
Keywords: "Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, "Air
pollution, "Toxicology, "Bioassays, "Genetics, "Car-
cinogens, Sources, Benzanthracenes, Anthracene,
Phenanthrene, Molecular structure, Oxidation, Ex-
haust emissions, Combustion sources, Laboratory ani-
mals, Metabolism, "Cyclopentapyrene, "Air pollution
effects(Humans), Benzanthracene, Aroclor 1254, Ben-
zopyrenes.
PB85-236206/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Recent Economic Trends In Region 10,
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
R. Coughlin. May 85,49p EPA/910/9-85-131
The paper is intended as a discussion piece and for
background information for EPA employees. Its pur-
pose is to provide an informational matrix to assist
them in their implementation of programs and in the
conduct of their continuing dialogs with the various
publics we serve and regulate. The method is factual
and expository. There is no effort to analyze economic
policy or to forecast the future course of the regional
economy. Personal income is employed as the index
of economic performance, per-capita personal income
as the measure of comparative performance. Shift
analysis is used to isolate the components of change,
and thus to detect the major trends that have affected
the regional economy.
Keywords: Economic analysis, Information, Decision
making, Alaska, Idaho, Trends, Personal income, "Re-
gional development, "Environmental Protection
Agency, "Program implementation, Per capita income,
Measurement standards, Pacific Northwest
Region(United States).
PB85-236230	Not available NTIS
Bioavailability of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-P-
Dioxin from Municipal Incinerator Fly Ash to
Freshwater Fish. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
D. W. Kuehl, P, M. Cook, A. R. Batterman, D. B.
Lothenbach, and B. C. Butterworth. c1985,12p EPA/
600/J-85/095
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Univ.-Superi-
or. Center for Lake Superior Environmental Studies.
Pub. in Chemosphere, v14 n5 p427-437 1985.
The bioavailability of 2,3,7,8-TCDD from municipal in-
cinerator fly ash to freshwater fish was determined. It
was observed that carp exposed to fly ash containing
all 22 TCDD isomers, or the solvent extract of the fly
ash, retain only 2,3,7,8-TCDD. Exposures with fly ash
appears to follow a dose response relationship for bio-
concentration, however, the bioavailability of 2,3,7,8-
TCDD was not directly related to the level of 2,3,7,8-
TCDD in fly ash for two fly ash samples studied. (Copy-
right (c) 1985 Pergamon Press Ltd.)
Keywords: "Fly ash, "Carp, "Water pollution, Herbi-
cides,	Sampling,	Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Fresh water fishes, In-
dustrial wastes, Chlorine organic compounds, Chro-
matographic analysis, Incinerators, Municipalities, Re-
prints, "Dioxin, "Dibenzodioxin/tetraohloro.
PB85-236248	Not available NTIS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Graphite Electrode for the Measurement of Redox
Potential and Oxygen Diffusion Rate in Soil. Jour-
nal article,
Arkansas Univ., Fayetteville.
A. U. Shaikh, R. M. Hawk, R. A. Sims, and H. D. Scott.
C1985, 8p EPA/600/J-85/096
Contract EPA-R-810490
Pub. in Nuclear and Chemical Waste Management, v5
p237-243 Apr/Jun 85.
The objective of the project was to evaluate control
measurements that might be made at land treatment
sites to determine the effectiveness of operation in the
management of hazardous wastes. Initial studies were
on measurement of oxygen concentration and oxygen
diffusion rate (ODR) as indicators of biodegradation for
a land treatment facility. The paper reports the results
of comparative studies between wax impregnated
graphite electrodes (WIGE) and platinum wire elec-
trodes (PWE) to determine ODR and redox potential
(Eh). The study indicates that WIGEs are less suscep-
tible to oxide poisoning, easily fabricated, relatively in-
expensive, and more stable in soil than PWEs.
Keywords: "Biodeterioration, "Oxygen, "Soils, "Haz-
ardous materials, Measurement, Electrodes, Graphite,
Diffusion, Comparison, Platinum, Wire, Reprints, Eh,
Land application.
PB85-2362S5	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Comparison of Verification Procedures for the
Membrane Filter Total Coliform Technique. Journal
article,
Montana State Univ., Bozeman. Dept. of Microbiology.
M. W. LeChevallier, S. C. Cameron, and G. A.
McFeters. C1983,4p EPA/600/J-83/309
Grant EPA-R-807092
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v45
n3 p1126-1128 198.
Verification of membrane filter total coliform colonies
from drinking water was increased 87% by testing for
the presence of beta-galactosidase and cytochrome
oxidase, compared with verification by determination
of gas production in lauryl tryptose broth. Over 90% of
the coliforms verified by testing for beta-galactosidase
and cytochrome oxidase were representative of the
typical coliform genera. (Copyright (c) 1983, American
Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: "Coliform bacteria, "Microbiology, "Potable
water, Sampling, Tests, Fluid filters, Membranes, Ga-
lactosidase, Cytochrome oxidase, Accuracy, Reprints,
"Drinking water.
PB85-236263/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pentachlorophenol Toxicity to Amphipods and
Fathead Minnows at Different Test pH Values,
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
R. L. Spehar, H. P. Nelson, M. J. Swanson, and J. W.
Renoos. 1985,10p EPA/600/J-85/093
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v4
p389-397 1985.
Juvenile amphipods (Gammarus pseudolimnaeus and
Crangonyx pseudogracilis) and fathead minnows (Pi-
mephales promelas) were exposed to pentachloro-
phenol (PCP) at pH values of 6.5, 7.5, 8.0 and 8.5 for
96 h, and early life stages of fathead minnows were ex-
posed for 32 d at the same pH values to determine the
relationship between test pH and the acute and chron-
ic toxicity of PCP. Residue analyses were performed
on fathead minnows after 32 d to determine the rela-
tionship between test pH and PCP bioaccumulation.
Technical-grade PCP was used as the toxicant source.
Acute exposures with all three species showed that
PCP toxicity was decreased with increased testpH.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Crustacea, "Minnows, "Water
pollution, Industrial wastes, Pesticides, pH,
Concentration(Composition), Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Exposure, Life cycles, pH, Reprints, "Phenol/
pentachloro, "Water pollution effects(Animals), Bioac-
cumulation, Grammarus, Crangonyx, Pimephales.
PB85-236271 /HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Toxicity of Endrin and Malathlon Mixtures to Flag-
flsh (Jordanella florldae). Journal article,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
R. O. Hermanutz, J. G. Eaton, and L. H. Meuller. 1985,
10p EPA/600/J-85/094
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 14,p307-314 1985.
Individual endrin and malathion concentrations and
mixtures of the concentrations were tested concur-
rently with flagfish in both chronic and acute expo-
sures. The joint action of mixtures on mortality in
chronic exposures consisted of enhanced effects at
the higher concentrations not causing death when the
pesticides were tested individually. Chronic effects of
mixtures on growth followed a simple additive effects
model. Malathion did not alter the endrin effects on
egg production, and in a separate test it did not affect
the uptake or elimination of endrin.
Keywords: "Insecticides, 'Toxicity, "Fishes, "Water
pollution, Exposure, Endrin, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Aromatic compounds, Malathion, Phosphorus
organic compounds, Sulfur organic compounds, Suc-
cinates, Growth, Eggs, Mortality, Survival, Reprints,
"Jordanella floridae, Flagfish, Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB85-236396/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Stationary Source Compliance Div.
Summary of Opacity and Gas CEMS (Continuous
Emission Monitoring System) Audit Programs,
Engineering-Science, Fairfax, VA.
J. van Gieson, and L. R. Paley. Sep 84, 31 p EPA/340/
1-84/016
Contract EPA-68-01-6312
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Air Quality Planning and Standards, Stationary Source
Compliance Division, as well as the Emission Monitor-
ing Science Laboratory, Quality Assurance Division,
and several regional offices have sponsored continu-
ous emission monitoring system (CEMS) performance
audits to determine the precision and accuracy of
CEMS and to develop and evaluate the audit tech-
niques. Opacity, S02 and NOx CEMS at a variety of in-
dustrial sources (electric utilities, manufacturing facili-
ties, petrochemical processes, kraft pulp mills, etc.)
were audited using NBS traceable filters, EPA refer-
ence methods, and calibration gases are reference
standards. This report provides a summary of the re-
sults of these audits. The results demonstrate: 80% of
the opacity monitors audited met calibration error crite-
ria (5% error) for low- and mid-range references
values"; 65% of the monitors met these criteria for
high range reference values, 80% of the gas CEMS
met the calibration error criteria (5% error), and 80%
of the gas CEMS met the relative accuracy criteria
(25% relative accuracy).
Keywords: "Quality assurance, "Air pollution, "Audit-
ing, Calibrating, Performance evaluation, Opacity,
Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, "Continuous emission
monitoring systems, "Standard reference materials,
"Air quality, Air pollution detection.
PB85-236495/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Acid Precipitation on a Typic Quartzip-
samment Soil in Florida,
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Soil Science.
B G. Volk, and G. E. Byers. Aug 85,22p EPA/600/D-
85/175
The magnitude of leaching of nutrients from the soil
surface to the water table and to a nearby drainage
system depends on many factors unique to the site.
The sensitive deep sands of Florida present an ex-
treme case of low nutrient status and high water flux to
great depth. In addition, water table characteristics,
both physical and chemical, influence the horizontal
flow vis-a-vis the vertical flows. The magnitude of
leaching also depends on the nature of the ion, the
depth being considered and the acid treatment. Read-
sorption of ions in the soil profile was shown to occur
which further complicates the overall assessment of
the real effect of acid rain. The effect of acid rain is not
long lasting and the soils recover the normal soil leach-
ate chemistry within 48 hours.
Keywords: "Acidity, "Soils, "Water pollution, Sands,
Nutrients, Water table, Soil profiles, Water table,
Leaching, Florida, 'Acid precipitation, Quartzipsam-
ment soil
PB85-236719/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Analysis of Extractable Priority Pollutants in
Water by GC/MS,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
W. M. Shackelford, and J. M. McGuire. Jul 85, 20p
EPA/600/D-85/149
Following the June 1976 Consent Decree (NRDC et al.
vs. EPA), there has been a continuously increasing
demand for the analysis of water samples for the 129
priority pollutants. The protocol originally designed for
the analysis of the priority pollutants that are extracta-
ble into dichloromethane has been refined to take ad-
vantage both of increased experience by analytical
chemists and improvements in laboratory instrumenta-
tion and automation. Quality control procedures have
been set forth that are designed to insure top quality
laboratory performance and establish confidence in
the reliability of results over a wide range of sample
matrices. This paper follows the development of
present methodology for the analysis of extractable
priority pollutants in water.
Keywords: "Water analysis, Gas chromatography,
Mass spectroscopy, Quality control, Extraction, Water
pollution, Sampling, Chemical analysis, Laboratory
equipment. Automation, "Water pollution detection,
"Computer aided analysis.
PB85-236768/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Development of the 1985 NAPAP (National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program) Emissions In-
ventory,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. B. Homolya, D. A. Toothman, and J. D. Mobley. Jul
85,17p EPA/600/D-85/151
Prepared in cooperation with Engineering-Science.
Fairfax, VA.
The paper describes the development of the 1985 Na-
tional Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
(NAPAP) emissions inventory. NAPAP includes the fa-
cility for research and preparation of comprehensive
emission inventories. Task Group B, Man-made
Sources within NAPAP, has directed the development
of a 1980 inventory for anthropogenic emissions in the
contiguous U.S. to support Lagrangian and Eulerian
acid rain transport and deposition model development.
The development of such inventories includes the for-
mulation of emission factors for many pollutants (e.g.,
S02, NOx, primary sulfate, alkaline dusts, CO, and nu-
merous specific and/or generic volatile organic com-
pounds). Activities to date have included the develop-
ment of a historic emission inventory for S02 and NOx
within the 1900-1980 period. Present and near-term
projects include a number of interrelated tasks to de-
velop a 1985 emission inventory. A data handling
system will be developed to provide the necessary
spatial, temporal, and species resolution of the inven-
tory. Planned quality assurance activities will focus on
establishing a QA expert team for review of the inven-
tory development. The 1985 inventory will be formulat-
ed to support the final testing and application of the
Eulerian model.
Keywords: "Mathematical models, "Air pollution,
Sources, Quality assurance, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen
oxides, Dust, Carbon monoxide, Assessments, Equa-
tions of motion, "Emission inventories, "National acid
precipitation assessment program, "Acid rain, Emis-
sion factors, Eulerian model.
PB85-236776/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Design Criteria for a Predictive Ecological Effects
Modeling System,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
R. R. Lassiter. Jul 85,25p EPA/600/D-85/148
The capability to predict the environmental fate of
chemicals based on their chemical properties is well
developed and widely practiced. Poorly developed,
however is the capability to predict the effects of those
chemicals. To address the deficiency, significant effort
has been directed to the creation of mathematical
models to predict the effects of toxicants in aquatic
systems. These models consist of two parts: an eco-
logical and a toxicoiogical component. The ecological
components are organized at levels of integration and
resolution intended to be relevant to the kinds of ex-
pected problems and questions to be addressed in de-
termining whether to permit or prohibit the use of a
new chemical. Populations are represented at an inter-
mediate and ecosystems at a fine scale of resolution.
A toxicoiogical model in corresponding detail is associ-
ated with each level to provide predictions of effects.
The model assumes for all levels that a common
threshold concentration exists at which the organism
dies. Probability of death by the end of a fixed expo-
sure time is a function of the statistical distribution of
the fraction of fat in the organisms' bodies.
Keywords: "Ecology, "Toxicity, "Aquatic biology,
"Water pollution, Mathematical models, Populations,
Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Toxicology,
Mortality, Risk, Design criteria, "Ecosystems, Chemi-
cals.
PB85-236784/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
User's Guide for the Advanced Statistical Trajec-
tory Regional Air Pollution (ASTRAP) Model. Final
rept. Oct 82-Jun 85,
Argonne National Lab., IL.
J. D. Shannon. Jul 85, 94p EPA/600/8-85/016
The Advanced Statistical Trajectory Regional Air Pollu-
tion (ASTRAP) model simulates long-range, long-term
transport and deposition of air pollutants, primarily
oxides of sulfur and nitrogen. The ASTRAP model is
designed to combine ease of exercise with an appro-
priate detail of physical processes for assessment ap-
plications related to acid deposition. The theoretical
basis and the computational structure of the ASTRAP
model are described. The model is evaluated with ob-
served data, and an illustrative exercise is provided.
Computer codes of the model subprograms are provid-
ed in appendices.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Sulfur dioxides, Atmospher-
ic chemistry, Boundary layers, Chemical reactions,
Mathematical models, "Atmospheric dispersion,
ASTRAP model.
PB85-236859/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
National Crop Loss Assessment Network
(NCLAN) 1983 Annual Report,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
W. W. Heck, O. C. Taylor, R. M. Adams, J. E. Miller,
and E. M. Preston. Aug 85,246p EPA/600/3-85/061
See also PB84-169358.
The National Crop Loss Assessment Network
(NCLAN) consists of a group of organizations cooper-
ating in field work, crop modeling, and economic stud-
ies to assess the immediate and long-term conse-
quences of air pollution on crop production. Two pri-
mary objectives are (1) to define relationships between
yields of major agricultural crops and doses of ozone,
sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and mixtures of these
pollutants under realistic field conditions and (2) to use
these relationships to assess the consequences of
these pollutants throughout the United States. The
strategy for completing the economic assessment in-
cludes developing and extrapolating a comprehensive
set of dose-response data for use in an economic
model to estimate effects of crop yield changes on
producers and consumers.
Keywords: "Agricultural economics, "Farm crops, "Air
pollution, Assessments, Production, Yield, Dosage,
Ozone, Sulfur dioxide, Wheat plants, Economic
models, Mathematical models, Wheat plants, Soybean
plants, Drought, Monitoring, Soil water, Mathematical
programming, California, Corn belt.
PB85-236891/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Summary of Complex Terrain Model Evaluation.
Interim rept. 1984/85,
American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA.
F. D. White, J. K. S. Ching, R. L. Dennis, and W. H.
Snyder. Jul 85,130p EPA/600/3-85/060
The Environmental Protection Agency conducted a
scientific review of a set of eight complex terrain dis-
persion models. TRC Environmental Consultants. Inc.
calculated and tabulated a uniform set of performance
statistics for the models using the Cinder Cone Butte
and Westvaco Luke Mill data bases. Three members
of the EPA Meteorology and Assessment Division re-
viewed the performance statistics and presented ob-
jective analyses of the models and their performance.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
An American Meteorological Society Steering Commit-
tee summarized the reviews and formulated three con-
clusions: (1) none of the models can be regarded as
up-to-date scientifically; (2) one model exhibited much
better performance statistics than did the others; and
(3) overprediction was the most common problem with
the models. The report consists of the AMS summary
and copies of three independent reviews conducted to
evaluate the model performance.
Keywords: "Mathematical models, "Terrain, *Air pollu-
tion, Assessments, Performance evaluation, Statistical
analysis, Reviews, Field tests, Comparison, Transport
properties, "Atmospheric dispersion.
PB85-237071 /HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Research Direction in Instrumentation and Con-
trol of Water and Wastewater Treatment,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
D. F. Bishop, and W. W. Schuk. Jul 85, 21 p EPA/600/
D-85/150
See also PB85-190981.
Instrumentation and automatic control, already
common in oil, chemical and other industries, is
making rapid strides in water supply and wastewater
treatment systems. The report describes some of the
capability now available and suggests directions for
new research.
Keywords: "Water treatment, "Wastewater, Toxicity,
Research, Water quality.
PB85-237089/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Implications of Conservation Till-
age: A Systems Approach,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
G. W. Bailey, L. A. Mulkey, and R. R. Swank. Jul 85,
36p EPA/600/D-85/147
See also PB-299 311.
Conservation tillage is projected to be the major soil
protection method and candidate best management
practice for improving surface water quality. Environ-
mental and health implications as well as the agro-
nomic virtues of conservation tillage must be identified
and evaluated. A conceptual framework-mass bal-
ance approach-is developed identifying those system
variables influenced by conservation tillage. A qualita-
tive assessment is then made of the impact, mainly off-
site in nature, of conservation tillage on the various ex-
posure pathways of pesticides to human and aquatic
ecosystems. Results from such an analysis suggest an
increased potential for atmospheric losses of pesti-
cides, a decrease in runoff and soil-erosion-related
losses, but an increase in plant-residue-associated
erosion as well as increased potential leaching
through the unsaturated zone to groundwater. Major
concerns, therefore, focus on the quantitative trade-
offs between runoff losses in water, leaching losses to
groundwater, and enhanced atmospheric releases. Lit-
erature reviews, in aeneral, substantiated the above
speculations as to the impact of conservation tillage
on soil properties, processes, and activities, and on
pesticide transport and transformation.
Keywords: "Cultivation, "Conservation, Agriculture,
Farm crops. Soils, Water quality, Environmental im-
pacts.
P B85-237113/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Hexachlorobenzene in Selected Marine Samples:
An Environmental Perspective,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
D. K. Phelps, R. J. Pruell, and J. L. Lake. Jul 85,30p
EPA/600/D-85/139
See also PB84-213099.
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was designated as a
chemical of interest. A new sample of mussel homog-
enate was spiked with an authentic HCB standard. Re-
covery of the spike was 56%. Re-examination of previ-
ously analyzed GC chromatograms and archived sam-
ples revealed peaks that co-eluted with the authentic
HCB standard. Levels of HCB were at least three to
four orders of magnitude lower than PCBs; two orders
of magnitude lower than pyrene; and one to two orders
of magnitude lower than either phenanthrene or
benzo(a)pyrene found in the same mussel samples.
Gas chromatograms (EC detection) of seawater (dis-
solved and particulate phases) and sediments also
reveal very low levels of HCB. Because GCMS results
408 Vol. 90, No. 24
indicated that levels of HCB were below the level of
detection, it was not possible to verify the presence of
HCB using GCMS.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Water analysis, "Sedi-
ments, Chlorobenzenes, Chlorine organic compounds,
Gas chromatography, Chemical analysis, Sea water,
Sediments,	Phenanthrene,
Concentration(Composition), Particles, "Benzene/
hexachloro, "Water pollution detection, Benzopyr-
enes, Polychlorinated biphenyls.
PB85-237188/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Field Studies of Impregnated Concrete Pipe,
Southwest Research Inst., Houston, TX.
A. C. Ludwig. Jul 85,12p EPA/600/2-85/090
Grant EPA-R-807356
See also PB80-190234.
The follow-on study (initiated in June 1980) continued
to monitor performance of 1,400 ft of impregnated
concrete pipe installed in several Texas cities. The
performance of concrete pipe has been compared
with that of sulfur-impregnated concrete pipe; hydro-
fluoric acid (HF)-treated concrete pipe; double-treated
pipe using HF and sulfur; and other pipe, including duc-
tile iron and PVC plastic.
Keywords: "Concrete pipes, "Sewer pipes,
Pipes(Tubes), Iron, Polyvinyl chloride, Field tests, Per-
formance, Impregnating, Sulfur, Hydrofluoric acid, Cor-
rosion resistance. Strength, PVC.
the environment. Also, applicability of laboratory-de-
rived data to field situations is discussed.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Water pollution, Environmental
impacts, Aquatic animals, Life cycles, Aromatic hydro-
carbons, Hydrocarbons.
PB85-237626	Not available NTIS
Harvesting of Leukocytes from Intestinal Lumen
in Murine Giardiasis and Preliminary Characteriza-
tion of These Cells. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. F. Heyworth, R. L. Owen, W. E. Seaman, F. W.
Schaefer, and A. L. Jones. c1985, 7p EPA/600/J-85/
080
Prepared in cooperation with Veterans Administration
Medical Center San Francisco, CA„ and California
Univ., San Francisco. Dept. of Medicine.
Pub. in Digestive Diseases and Sciences, v30 n2
p149-153 Feb 85.
The aims of the study were to develop a method for
harvesting leukocytes from the mouse small intestinal
lumen and to identify leukocytes which enter the intes-
tinal lumen of mice infected with Giardia muris. Giar-
dia-infected and uninfected BALB/c mice were anes-
thetized, and the small intestine was removed. The in-
testinal lumen was then flushed with nutrient medium,
and the luminal washings were found to contain sub-
stantial numbers of mononuclear leukocytes.
Keywords: "Leukocytes, "Blood cells, Cells(Biology),
Mice, Reprints, Giardia muris, Small intestines.
PB85-237410	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
New Medium for Improved Recovery of Conform
Bacteria from Drinking Water. Journal article,
Montana State Univ., Bozeman. Dept. of Microbiology.
M. W. LeChevallier, S. C. Cameron, and G. A.
McFeters. C1983,10p EPA/600/J-83/308
Grant EPA-R-807092
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology 45, n2
P484-492 1983.
A new membrane filter medium was developed for the
improved recovery of injured coliforms from drinking
water. The new medium, termed m-T7, consists of 5.0
g of Difco Proteose Peptone no. 3,20 g of lactose, 3.0
g of yeast extract, 0.4 ml of Tergitol 7 (25% solution),
5.0 g of polyoxyethylene ether W-1, 0.1 g of bromthy-
mol blue, 0.1 g of bromcresol purple, and 15 g of agar
per liter of distilled water. Additional selectivity may be
obtained by aseptically adding 0.1 micrograms of peni-
cillin G per ml to the medium after autoclaving. In labo-
ratory studies, m-T7 agar recovered 86 to 99% more
laboratory-injured coliforms than did m-Endo agar, m-
T7 agar also recovered an average of 43% more veri-
fied coliforms from 67 surface and drinking water sam-
ples than did the standard m-Endo membrane filter
technique. From drinking water, m-T7 agar recovered
nearly three times more coliforms than did m-Endo
agar.
Keywords: "Bacteria, "Coliform bacteria, "Culture
media, Potable water, Cultures(Biology), Reprints,
"Drinking water.
PB85-237428/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Toxic Effects on Individuals, Populations and
Aquatic Ecosystems and Indicators of Exposure
to Chemicals,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
T. W. Duke, and D. I. Mount. Jul 85,25p EPA/600/D-
85/168
See also PB84-223072.
The paper presents two research approaches that ad-
dress problems encountered in evaluating the effects
of complex mixtures of chemicals on aquatic systems.
The concept of ambient toxicity testing is applied to
the impact of effluents in freshwater receiving waters
(the concept also applies to saltwater systems), where
measurement of toxicity is made without attempting to
identify the toxics. Another approach develops struc-
tural and functional indices that can be used to evalu-
ate impact of chemicals on communities maintained
under controlled conditions in the laboratory. One ap-
proach is concerned with chemicals already in the en-
vironment; the other, with developing ecosystem level
indices used to evaluate chemicals before they reach
PB85-237675	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Responses of Subjects with Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease after Exposures to 0.3 PPM
Ozone. Journal article.
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Medi-
cine.
H. R. Kehrl, M. J. Hazucha, J. J. Solic, and P. A.
Bromberg. C1985,7p EPA/600/J-85/084
Grant EPA-R-807392
Pub. in American Review of Respiratory Disease 131,
p719-724 Jun 85.
The authors previously reported (1982) that the respi-
ratory mechanics of intermittently exercising persons
with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
were unaffected by a 2-h exposure to 0.2 ppm ozone.
Employing a single-blind cross-over design protocol,
13 white men with nonreversible COPD were randomly
exposed on two consecutive days for 2 h to air and 0.3
ppm ozone. During exposures, subjects exercised for
7.5 min every 30 min; ventilation and gas exchange
measured during exercise showed no difference be-
tween exposure days. Pulmonary function tests (spiro-
metry, body plethysmography) obtained before and
after exposures were unchanged on the air day.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Toxicology, Respiratory dis-
eases, Responses, Exposure, Smoking,
Exercise(Physiology), Reprints, "Air pollution
effects(Humans), Chronic obstructive lung disease.
PB85-237683	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Waterborne Disease in Colorado: Three Year Sur-
veillance and 18 Outbreaks. Journal article,
Colorado Dept. of Health, Denver.
R. S. Hopkins, P. Shillam, B. Gaspard, L. Eisnach, and
R. J. Karlin. C1985,6p EPA/600/J-85/079
Contract EPA-68-03-2927
Pub. in American Jnl: of Public Health 75, n3 p254-257
Mar 85.
The Colorado Department of Health conducted inten-
sive surveillance for waterborne diseases during the
three-year period July 1,1980-June 30,1983. Eighteen
outbreaks of waterborne illness were investigated
Outbreaks involved from 15 to 1,500 ill persons. Giar-
dia lamblia was confirmed or suspected as the agent in
nine outbreaks, rotavirus in one, and no agent could be
identified in eight. Seventeen outbreaks occurred on
surface-water systems; none of these had adequate
chemical pretreatment and filtration. Investigation of
water systems exhibiting positive coliform results
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
important to effective surveillance included education-
al outreach programs to local health agencies, physi-
cians and the public, and the designation of one indi-
vidual to whom all water-related public complaints and
health department inquiries were directed.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, "Filtration, "Gas-
trointestinal diseases, Giardiasis, Public health, Risk,
Surface waters, Filtration, Coliform bacteria, Colorado,
Reprints, "Pretreatment(Water), "Chemical treatment,
"Water borne diseases.
PB85-237691	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, Ft.
Cooietabolism of Low Concentrations of Pro-
pachlor, Alachlor, and Cycloate in Sewage and
Lake Water. Journal article,
Cornell Univ. Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca,
NY. Dept. of Agronomy.
N. J. Novick, and M. Alexander, C1985, 8p EPA/600/J-
85/078
Grant EPA-R-809735
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology 49, n4
P737-743 Apr 85.
Low concentrations of propachlor (2-chloro-N-isopro-
pylacetanilide) and alachlor (2-chlor-2', 6'-diethyl-N-
(methoxymethyl)acetanilide) were not mineralized, cy-
cloate (S-ethyl-N-ethylthiocyclohexanecarbamate)
was slowly or not mineralized, and aniline and cyclo-
hexylamine were readily mineralized in sewage and
lake water. Propachlor, alachlor, and cycloate were ex-
tensively metabolized, but the products were organic.
Little conversion of propachlor and alachlor was evi-
dent in sterilized sewage or lake water. The cometabo-
lism of propachlor was essentially linear with time in
lake water and was well fit by zero-order kinetics in
short periods and by first-order kinetics in longer peri-
ods in sewage. The data indicated that cometabolism
of these pesticides takes place at concentrations of
synthetic compounds that commonly occur in natural
waters.
Keywords: "Sewage, "Lakes, "Microorganisms, "Me-
tabolism,	"Biochemistry,	Pesticides,
Concentration(Composition), Reaction kinetics, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Sulfur organic compounds,
Substrates, Concentration(Composition), Water pollu-
tion, Isotopic labeling, Chromatographic analysis, Re-
prints, "Propachlor, "Lasso, *Ro-Neet, Acetanilide/
chloro-N-isopropyl, Acetanilide/chloro-diethyl-N-
(methoxymethyl), Cyclohexane carbamic acid/ethyl-N-
ethylthio, Eutrophication.
PB85-237709	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Effects of Dissolved Organic Carbon and Second
Substrates on the Blodegradatlon of Organic
Compounds at Low Concentrations. Journal arti-
cle,
Cornell Univ. Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca,
NY. Dept. of Agronomy.
S. K. Schmidt, and M. Alexander. c1985,7p EPA/600/
J-85/077
Grant EPA-R-809735
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology 49, n4
P822-827 Apr 85.
Pseudomonas acidovorans and Pseudomonas sp.
strain ANL but not Salmonella typhimurium grew in an
inorganic salts solution. Results indicate that second
substrates and uncharacterized dissolved organic
carbon may play an important role in controlling the
rate and extent of biodegradation of organic com-
pounds at low concentrations.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Biodeterioration,
"Bacteria, "Inorganic salts, "Growth, Pseudomonas,
Salmonella.	Carbon,	Substrates,
Concentration(Composition), Reaction kinetics, Glu-
cose, Reprints, "Dissolved organic compounds,
"Pseudomonas acidovorans.
PB85-237733/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Investigation of 'Legionella pneumophila' in Drink-
ing Water. Final rept.,
Vermont State Dept. of Health, Burlington.
L. E. Witherell, R. W. Duncan, K. M. Stone, L. J.
Stratton, and L. Orciari. Jul 85, 54p EPA/600/1-85/
019
See also PB-267 630.
An investigation of Legionella pneumophila in drinking
water systems and home plumbing appurtenances
was done in two phases. In Phase 1, 68 water samples
were collected from hot and cold kitchen sink faucets
in homes on 17 community water systems. No L. pneu-
mophila organisms were isolated. In Phase 1A, the
kitchen sink faucets/aerators and showerheads/
supply pipes were sampled with sterile swabs and a
sample of hot water was collected from hot water
heaters. 184 samples (92 swabs, 92 hot water sam-
ples) were collected from homes on 4 community
water systems. Two samples (1 swab, 1 hot water
sample) were collected from a home with an individual
well. Field analyses of pH, temperature, turbidity, and
chlorine and laboratory analyses for standard plate
count, total coliform, and iron were performed.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Bacteria, Public health,
Water pollution, Monitoring, Analyzing, "Drinking
water, Legionella pneumophila.
PB85-237741/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Water Resources Data for (Michigan, Water Year
1984. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 83-30 Sep 84,
Geological Survey, Lansing, Ml. Water Resources Div.
J. B. Miller, J. L. Oberg, and T. Sieger. May 85,289p
USGS/WRD/HD-85/229, USGS/WDR/MI-84/1
See also PB84-225176.
Water resources data for the 1984 water year for
Michigan consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, ana water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water temperature of ground water. The report con-
tains discharge records for 142 gaging stations; stage
only records for 2 gaging stations; stage and contents
for 5 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 27 continu-
ous-record stations; and water levels for 53 observa-
tion wells. Also included are 56 crest-stage partial-
record stations and 22 low-flow partial-record stations.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Surface waters, "Michi-
gan, Water quality. Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes,
Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Temperature,
Tables(Data), "Water quality data, "Hydrologic data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB85-237758/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Impact of UV-B Radiation upon Nonhuman Orga-
nisms,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
R. C. Worrest. Jul 85,17p EPA/600/D-82/174
Studies concerning the impact of UV-B radiation upon
terrestrial organisms have been conducted in the labo-
ratory, in growth chambers and greenhouses, and a
few under fairly natural 'field' conditions. Detrimental
effects were noted for growth, morphology, and func-
tion in a large variety of plants species, including many
important argonomic crops such as soybeans. Of note
is the fact that elimination of the UV-B waveband from
natural solar radiation usually benefits the organism or
system under investigation. This fact indicates that
even current levels of UV-B radiation have a negative
impact upon some life processes. Whether enhanced
levels would have a relatively greater impact requires
further field validation of laboratory studies. In aquatic
systems there is good evidence that current levels of
solar ultraviolet radiation depress near-surface primary
productivity. Marine animals may tolerate current
levels of solar UV-B radiation by means of protective
screens, avoidance behavior, and repair processes
which reverse much of the potential damage inflicted
by the radiation.
Keywords: "Radiation effects, "Ultraviolet radiation,
Plants(Botany), Soybean plants.
PB85-237766/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Low to Moderate Lead Exposure on
Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials In Children,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
G. Robinson, S. Baumann, D. Kleinbaum, C. Barton,
and S. Schroeder. Aug 85,10p EPA/600/D-85/157
See also PB83-219642.
Complex auditory processing deficits have been re-
ported in children with asymptomatic lead (Pb) expo-
sure (1,2) as well as acute Pb poisoning (3). Hearing
thresholds have not been systematically evaluated in
Pb exposed children, although hearing impairments
have been observed in Pb workers (4). Hearing thresh-
olds and brainstem auditory evoked potentials
(BAEPs) have been assessed in two groups of North
Carolina children with blood lead (PbB) levels ranging
from 6 to 59 micrograms/dl. Linear increases in laten-
cies of BAEP waves III and V relative to PbB levels ob-
tained five years earlier were found in 49 children aged
6 to 12 years old (5). Results of audiometric screening
and BAEP testing in an independent group of children
aged 4 to 7 years will be described below.
Keywords: "Lead(Metal), "Toxicology, Children,
Humans, Exposure, "Neurotoxicity, Hearing, Evoked
potentials.
PB85-237857/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Surrogate Experimental Models for Studying Par-
ticle Deposition In the Human Respiratory Tract,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
T. B. Martonen. Aug 85,60p EPA/600/D-85/158
Hazard assessment following challenge by ambient
aerosols requires accurate estimation of exposure,
that is, determination of the total mass of particulate
matter deposited within the respiratory tract, and its in-
tercompartmental distribution. Aerosol deposition
studies utilizing human test subjects yield valuable in-
formation on the deposition of inhaled particles in man,
but experimental regimens lack the resolution to quan-
titate 'hot spots' witnin the lung. Aerosol deposition ex-
periments with respiratory tract surrogates, or models,
can be designed to be complimentary to human stud-
ies. The authors have put experimental modelling ef-
forts into perspective per their applicability for the risk
assessment of inhaled ambient aerosols. Heterogene-
ity of deposition has been detected in in vitro experi-
ments over a wide range of particulate sizes and flow
rate magnitudes-in a variety of surrogate larynx-TB
models, for both constant and time-dependent flow
patterns, and for both phases (inspiration and expira-
tion) of a breathing cycle.
Keywords: "Respiratory system, Models, Humans, Ex-
posure, Aerosols, Lung, "Particulates, "Air pollution
effects(Humans).
PB85-237865/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazardous Waste Incineration in Industrial Proc-
esses: Cement and Lime Kilns,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
R. E. Mournighan. J. A. Peters, M. R. Branscome, and
H. Freeman. Jul 85,25p EPA/600/D-85/146
See also PB83-259655. Prepared in cooperation with
Monsanto Co., St. Louis, MO., and Research Triangle
Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
With more liquid wastes due to be banned from land
disposal facilities, expanding hazardous waste inciner-
ation capacity becomes increasingly important. At the
same time, industrial plants are increasingly seeking to
find new sources of lower cost fuel, specifically from
the disposal of hazardous wastes with heating value.
The Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Labora-
tory (HWERL) is currently evaluating the disposal of
hazardous wastes in a wide range of industrial proc-
esses. The effort includes sampling stack emissions at
cement, lime and aggregate plants, asphalt plants and
blast furnaces, which use waste as a supplemental
fuel. This research program is an essential part of
EPA's determination of the overall environmental
impact of various disposal options available to indus-
try. This paper summarizes the results of the HWERL
program of monitoring emissions from cement and
lime kilns burning hazardous wastes as fuel.
Keywords: "Kilns, "Nitrogen oxides, "Air pollution con-
trol, Comparison, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Sampling, Design criteria, Performance evalua-
tion, Process charting, "Combustion modifications,
Rotary lime kilns, Dry methods, Wet methods, Cement
kilns.
PB85-238004/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Ethylene Dlbromide (EDB) Position Document 4.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
27 Sep 83,292p
See also PB81-157851, and PB85-235919.
The Position Document 4 presents the Agency's final
determination regarding the Rebuttable Presumption
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Against Registration of the pesticidal uses of ethylene
difaromide (EDB).
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Standards, 'Toxicology, Re-
views, Regualtions, Exposure, Risk, Humans, Environ-
mental impacts, Fungicides, Assessments, Hazardous
materials, 'Ethylene/dibromo, 'Toxic substances,
'Environmental health, Health risks, Teratogenesis,
Benefits.
PB85-238046/HSU	PC A25/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs-Las Vegas Facility, NV.
Numerical Modeling Study of Gain and Downward
Radiation for Selected FM and VHF-TV Broadcast
Antenna Systems,
AGL, Inc., Pacific Grove, CA,
R. W. Adler, and S. Lamont. Jun 85, 578p EPA/520/6-
85/018
A modeling study was conducted for the purpose of
examining RF radiation exposure levels caused by
downward pointing radiation from commercial FM and
TV broadcast antenna arrays. The Numerical Electro-
magnetic Code was used for radiation pattern calcula-
tions. Manufacturers' data and measurements were
used to provide dimensional information for the com-
puter models. Generic types of FM antennas were
identified and their radiation characteristics were pre-
sented with emphasis on the reconfiguration of array
geometries for purposes of reducing downward direct-
ed radiation fields. The popular super-turnstile VHF TV
element was also modeled. Gain curves for various in-
terelement spacings were developed for arrays con-
taining 2 through 16 elements.
Keywords: 'Television antennas. Antenna radiation
patterns, Gain, Television broadcasting, Frequency
modulation, Very high frequencies, Computerized sim-
ulation, Mathematical models.
PB85-238053/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Infaunal Macrobenthos and Sediment Character-
istics in Belfingham and Samlsh Bays,
Western Washington Univ., Bellingham.
A. C. Broad, A. B. Benedict, and J, R. Mayer. 1985,
231p EPA/910/9-85/133
A project agreement between Western Washington
University and Region 10 of the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency signed in September 1983 provided
for reports by the University on prior benthic biological
investigations in Bellingham and Samish Bays on the
infauna contained in 44 Van Veen grab samples. Sedi-
ment samples taken were to be analyzed for organic
content as total volatile solids (TVS) and particle size
distribution, and these results coordinated with the
data on infaunal benthos.
Keywords: 'Invertebrates, 'Sediments, 'Water pollu-
tion, 'Bellingham Bay, 'Samish Bay, Sampling, Abun-
dance, Spatial distribution, Benthos, Worms, Clams,
Crustacea, Fishes, Sites, Landforms, Particle size,
Waste disposal, Taxonomy, Tables(Data),
Washington(State), Habitats, Thermal stratification.
PB85-238079/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Coast Guard, Washington, DC.
Oil in the Sea: Inputs, Fates, and Effects. Final
rept.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
Apr 85,621 p ISBN-0-309-03479-5
Contract DTCG23-80-C-20038, Grant NA81AA-D-
00076
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC., and Department of the Interior,
Washington, DC. Library of Congress catalog card no.
85-60541.
The report updates a 1975 Research Council study of
the sources, fates, and effects of petroleum in the
marine environment. The National Research Council
committee found 'no irrevocable damage to marine re-
sources on a broad oceanic scale' as a result of oil pol-
lution from either chronic, routine sources or from oc-
casional major spills. It cautioned that further research
is needed before an 'unequivocal assessment' of the
environmental impact of oil pollution can be made, par-
ticularly as it applies to specific locations and condi-
tions. The most important sources of oil pollution in the
world's seas, the committee concluded, are municipal
and industrial runoff, the cleaning of ship bilQes, snd
410 Vol. 90, No. 24
other routine occurrences rather than offshore oil pro-
duction or tanker accidents.
Keywords: 'Crude oil, "Oil pollution, "Water pollution,
'Ocean environments, Sources, Strips, Cleaning,
Sites, Runoff, Industrial wastes, Municipalities, Off-
shore drilling, Tanker ships, Hydrocarbons, Marine
microorganisms, Fuel oil, Aquatic animals, Bacteria,
Biodeterioration, Fungi, Animal behavior, 'Oil spills,
Water pollution effects(Animals), Point sources.
PB85-238467	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Survival and Detection of 'Bacteroides' spp., Pro-
spective Indicator Bacteria. Journal article,
Washington Univ., Seattle.
L. Fiksdal, J. S. Maki, S. J. LaCroix, and J. T. Staley.
C1985, 4p EPA/600/J-85/091
Prepared in cooperation with Trondheim Univ.
(Norway).
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology 49, n1
p148-150 1985.
Preliminary experiments were performed to assess the
use of intestinal Bacteroides spp. as indicators of fecal
contamination of water. Viable counts of Bacteroides
fragilis, an anaerobic bacterium, declined more rapidly
than those of Escherichia coli and Streptococcus fae-
calis. However, a fluorescent antiserum prepared
against B. fragilis successfully detected high propor-
tions (18 to > 50%) of B. fragilis cells suspended for 8
days in aerobic water in dialysis bags at the ambient
temperature. These percentages were higher than the
percent viable recoveries of the two indicator bacteria
used for comparison. Thus, the fluorescent antiserum
test for B. fragilis might serve as a useful indicator of
fecal contamination of water. An advantage of this ap-
proach over coliform analysis is the rapidity at which
the test can be performed.
Keywords: 'Bacteria, Survival, Detection, Indicator
species, Reprints, 'Bioindicators, 'Bacteroides,
'Water pollution detection.
PB85-238475	Not available NTIS
Growth of 'Legionella pneumophila' In Continuous
Culture. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
J. D. Berg, J. C. Hoff, P. V. Roberts, and A. Matin.
C1985, 5p EPA/600/J-85/092
Prepared in cooperation with Rio Linda Chemical Co.,
Sacramento, CA. and Stanford Univ., CA.
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology 49, n6
p1534-1537 Jun 85.
A method was developed to grow Legionella pneumo-
phila in continuous culture. A chemostat was used to
simulate nutrient-limited, sub-maximal growth in the
natural environmental and to provide a precisely-con-
trolled growth regime. Cultures grew under forced aer-
ation under conditions yielding up to 38% saturation of
dissolved oxygen; supplemental C02 (5%) at the
same gas flow rates as ambient air had no effect on
culture growth. Pleomorphiam was observed during
growth under all conditions. Pigment was produced
only at D < 0.03 h-1. Catalase was produced at higher
growth rates, but not at higher temperatures. The path-
ogenicity was unaffected by altering either the growth
rate or growth temperature.
Keywords: 'Bacteria, 'Cultures(Biology), Growth, Cul-
ture media. Reprints, Legionella pneumophila.
PB85-238483/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab,
Effects of Magnesium and Chloride Ion* on Lime-
stone Dual Alkali System Performance,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. C. S. Chang, N. Kaplan, and T. G. Brna. Aug 85,22p
EPA/600/D-85/170
Contract EPA-68-02-3648
The paper gives results of pilot plant tests to evaluate
the effects of magnesium and chloride ions on system
performance of limestone-regenerated dual alkali
processes under closed-loop operating conditions. It
was found that limestone reactivity and solids dewater-
ing properties are very sensitive to magnesium ion
concentrations. The total magnesium ion concentra-
tion should be maintained below 1000 ppm for satis-
factory performance under normal operation. A model
which assumes competitive surface adsorption of cal-
cium and magnesium ions was used to interpret the
data. Limestone reactivity and solids dewatering prop-
erties decreased with the increase of chloride ion con-
centrations; however, the effect of chloride ion accu-
mulation was not significant until the concentration
reached 80,000 ppm.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Magnesium, 'Chlor-
ides, 'Calcium carbonates. Flue gases, Desulfuriza-
tion, Sulfur dioxide, Scrubbers, Stationary sources,
Dual alkali processes.
PB85-238491 /HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
In-Place Burning of Crude Oil in Broken Ice: 1985
Testing at OHMSETT (Oil and Hazardous Materials
Simulated Environmental Test Tank),
Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc., Leonardo,
NJ.
N. K. Smith, and A. Diaz. Aug 85,20p EPA/600/D-85/
171
Contract EPA-68-03-3203
In January and March of 1985, in-place oil burning
tests were conducted at the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency's Oil and Hazardous Materials Simulat-
ed Environmental Test Tank. (OHMSETT) facility in
Leonardo, New Jersey. In-place combustion of Prud-
hoe Bay and Amauligak crude oil slicks was attempted
in varying ice coverages, oil conditions, and ambient
conditions. An emulsion of Amauligak crude oil and
water was also ignited three times and burned in 80%
ice cover, removing nearly 50% of the emulsion.
Keywords: 'Crude oil, 'Ignition, 'Hazardous materials,
'Ice, 'Water pollution control, Ocean environments,
Model tests, Removal, Emulsions, 'Oil slicks.
PB85-238525/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
National Surface Water Survey: Western Wilder-
ness Area Lakes. Environmental Assessment
(Final). Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Apr 85,93p EPA/910/9-85/126
See also PB85-177400.
The document modifies and supplements the draft en-
vironmental assessment (EPA 910/9-85-125), which
was presented for comment in March 1985. The
present document contains a revised summary and
conclusions which incorporates changes in response
to government agency and public comment, com-
ments, and a public involvement plan.
Keywords: 'Acidity, 'Lakes, "Water pollution, "Air pol-
lution,	Environmental	surveys,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Assessments, Helicopters,
Wildlife, National parks, Recreation, Baseline studies,
'Wilderness areas.
PB85-238533/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Rapid Infiltration Wastewater Treatment for Small
Communities,
Colorado Univ., Boulder.
E. R. Bennett, and L. E. Leach. Aug 85,23p EPA/600/
D-S5/186
See also PB82-109919.
Rapid infiltration treatment performance of three infil-
tration basins receiving primary treated municipal
wastewater is evaluated for optimum total nitrogen
control using a series of manual operational tech-
niques and by remote control computer operation of a
sprinkler system. Three types of loading sequences
were used: flood loading every three and one-half
days, flooding daily and sprinkler system loading
based on soil moisture sensors and computer analysis
and control. The influent and effluent quality variations
were increased substantially compared with previous
studies. Under optimum conditions, sustained remov-
als of total nitrogen above 75% were achieved with
values for individual weeks in the mid-80% range.
Keywords: 'Lagoons(Ponds), 'Sewage treatment,
"Sprinkler irrigation, Fluid infiltration, Nitrogen, Soil
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
trol, Control equipment, "Sewage irrigation, Organic
loading.
PB85-238541/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Alkaline Scrubbing of In-Situ Oil Shale Retort
Offgas at Geokinetics,
KVB, Inc., Irvine, CA.
H. Taback, R. Goldstick, and E. Bates. Aug 85,16p
EPA/600/ D-85/183
Contract EPA-68-03-3166
See also PB82-231945. Prepared in cooperation with
Energy Design Service, Ojai, CA.
The paper discusses the use of EPA's mobile wet
scrubber on a 200-acfm slipstream of Geokinetics'
retort offgas to investigate the H2S removal efficiency
and selectivity (percent H2S removal/percent C02 re-
moval) as a function of liquid/gas contact time, alka-
line solution OH(minus) concentration, and the specific
scrubbing chemical. A venturi and spray tower were
used to produce contact times of about 0.003 and 0.2
second, respectively. Three alkaline solutions (NaOH,
KOH, and NH40H) were employed on each contactor
at various concentrations for a total of 22 runs. To ana-
lyze these results and provide design criteria for future
alkaline scrubbers a sophisticated computer model
employing the penetration theory for liquid-phase
mass transfer was developed.
Keywords: 'Oil shale, "Air pollution abatement, "De-
sulfurization, "Sulfur inorganic compounds, Sulfur, Hy-
drogen sulfide, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts.
PB85-238558/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Experimental Protocol for Determining Hydroxyl
Radical Reaction Rate Constants for Organic
Compounds: Estimation of Atmospheric Reactiv-
ity. Interim rept.,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
J. N. Pitts, A. M. Winer, S. M. Aschmann, W. P. L.
Carter, and R. Atkinson. Jul 85, 55p EPA/600/3-85/
058
See also PB82-256066.
An experimental protocol for the determination at
room temperature of rate constants for the reactions
of hydroxyl radicals with organic chemicals in the gas
phase is described in detail. This protocol provides a
basis for evaluating the reactivity of organic sub-
stances which are emitted into the environment and
which are consumed primarily by reaction with hy-
droxyl radicals. The experimental technique is based
upon monitoring the disappearance rates of the test
compound and of a reference organic in irradiated
methyl nitrite-NO-organic-air mixtures.
Keywords: "Reaction kinetics, "Organic compounds,
"Air pollution, Experimental design, Chemical reac-
tions, Nitrogen oxides, Laboratory equipment, Fluores-
cence, Irradiation, "Hydroxyl radicals, "Atmospheric
chemistry.
PB85-238590/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Guidance on Feasibility Studies under CERCLA
(Comprehensive Environmental Response, Com-
pensation and Liability Act). Final rept. Jan 84-May
85,
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
R. Cochran, and V. Hodge. Jun 85,179p EPA/540/G-
85/003
Contract EPA-68-03-3113
See also PB82-239054.
This guidance document is intended to provide a more
detailed structure for identifying, evaluating, and se-
lecting remedial action alternatives under the Compre-
hensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act (CERCLA) and the National Contingency
Plan (40 CFR 300). The feasibility study process
begins with the development of specific alternatives
based on general response actions identified in the re-
medial Investigation to address site contamination
problems. The alternatives are screened on the basis
of public health and environmental concerns and
order-of-magnitude costs. Alternatives that pass the
screening process undergo detailed analyses to pro-
vide the decision-maker with information for selecting
the alternative that is cost-effective. The detailed anal-
yses encompasses engineering, institutional, public
health, environmental, and cost analyses. Once the
detailed analyses are conducted, the information is or-
ganized to compare findings of the evaluations for
each alternative. A recommended format for the Feasi-
bility Study Report is also provided. It describes the
specific elements to be included, the rationale for their
inclusions, the level of detail, and the documentation
that should accompany the report.
Keywords: "Guidelines, "Hazardous materials, "Waste
disposal, "Handbooks, Substitutes, Feasibility, Public
health, Environmental surveys, Cost effectiveness, En-
vironmental impacts, Standards, Cost analysis, Water
pollution control, Sites, Leaching, Law enforcement,
"Remedial actions, "Comprehensive Environmental
Response Compensation and Liability Act, "National
Contingency Plan, "Land disposal.
PBS5-238608/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab. Cincinnati,
OH.
Evaluation of 10 Pesticide Methods. Final rept. Apr-
Dec 84,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
T. M. Engel, J. S. Warner, and W. M. Cooke. Jul 85,
147p EPA/600/4-85/050
Contract EPA-68-03-1760
Ten pesticide analysis methods were evaluated. The
compounds listed in each method were analyzed in
triplicate at two concentration levels in reagent water
and POTW effluent. Each method was performed as
written with only minor modifications as approved by
the USEPA Project Officer. If a cleanup procedure was
included in the analysis method, all analyses were per-
formed with and without the cleanup step. Resultant
data reported included estimated detection limits
(EDLs) in reagent water and recovery data from rea-
gent water and POTW effluent for each compound.
Suggestions for method improvements were included
in the report where necessary.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Wateranalysis, "Environmen-
tal surveys, Chemical analysis, Experimental design,
Quality assurance, Gas chromatography, "Publicly
owned wastewater treatment, Liquid chromatography.
PB85-238616/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Guidance on Remedial Investigations under
CERCLA (Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act). Final
rept. Jan 84-May 85,
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
R. Cochran, and V. Hodge. Jun 85,172p EPA/540/G-
85/002
Contract EPA-68-03-3113
This guidance document provides in-depth guidance
on the conduct of remedial investigations in support of
feasibility studies under Superfund and the National
Contingency Plan. It describes the requirements which
need to be met to obtain valid data which are neces-
sary and sufficient to determine what response ac-
tions, if any, can be considered, evaluated, and applied
to mitigate impacts on public health, welfare, and the
environment posed by the site. This document de-
scribes the essential steps in the remedial investiga-
tion process and identifies important factors, informa-
tion, and analysis needs to scope the Investigation;
prepare all necessary plans (health and safety, sam-
pling, data management); conduct the site assess-
ment; and evaluate and present results. The guidance
document provides government and private personnel
with the means to plan, prepare, conduct, and con-
clude remedial investigations consistent with hazard-
ous waste site cleanup legislation and site-specific re-
quirements.
Keywords: "Guidelines, "Hazardous materials, "Waste
disposal. "Handbooks, Sites, Sampling, Assessments,
Feasibility, National government, Water pollution con-
trol, Law enforcement, Inspection, Public health,
Transport properties, Data processing, "Superfund
program, "National Contingency Plan, "Land disposal,
•Remedial actions, "Comprehensive Environmental
Response Compensation and Liability Act, Environ-
ment management, Occupational safety and health.
PB85-238871/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Research Strategies for the Application of the
Techniques of Computational Biological Chemis-
try to Environmental Problems,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. R. Rabinowitz. Jul 85,62p EPA/600/9-85/023
On October 25 and 26, 1984, the U.S. EPA sponsored
a workshop to consider the potential applications of
the techniques of computational biological chemistry
to problems in environmental health. Eleven extramu-
ral scientists from the various related disciplines and a
similar number of Agency personnel participated.
Briefing materials describing some specific Agency
problems in this area were sent to the extramural sci-
entists before the meeting. The workshop's goal was
the development of a research strategy for these po-
tential applications. At this workshop, four classes of
problems were identified and the recommendations of
the panel for each class were drafted separately. The
four classes were as follows: (1) methodology for han-
dling diverse structures, (2) methodology for handling
data sets with substantial structural similarities, (3) the-
oretical structure-activity studies using casually related
molecular parameters, and (4) application possibilities
for artificial intelligence decision aids in the existing
Premanufacture Notification (PMN) review process.
The final document was a product of the entire panel.
All members agreed on the need for experimental tox-
icity data sets designed for structure-activity relation-
ship studies. The report contains the recommenda-
tions of the panel. The briefing materials are contained
in the appendices.
Keywords: "Biochemistry, "Environmental surveys,
"Research projects, "Chemical compounds, "Bioas-
says, "Molecular structure, "Toxicity, Carcinogens,
Mutagens, Genetics, Organic phosphates, Risks, Haz-
ardous materials, Chemical reactions, Public health,
"Environmental health, "Toxic substances, Computer
applications, Dioxin(Herbicides), Case studies, Numer-
ical solution.
PB85-239192	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Validation of the Hoffmann and Edwards' S(IV)-
H202 Mechanism. Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. H. Overton. C1985, 5p EPA/600/J-85/089
Contract EPA-68-02-4033
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment 19, n4 p687-690
May 85.
As a result of the acid rain problem two papers have
been published which report the oxidation rate of dis-
solved S(IV) by H202. The data and that of the earlier
works of Hoffmann and Edwards (1975) and others
represents a data base of rates that were determined
in conditions of different pH's (0 to greater than 12),
temperatures (7 C - 41 C) and buffer systems. Hoff-
mann and Edwards postulated a mechanism to explain
the reaction for pH about 8. The findings of others are
consistent with the mechanism in the same range.
However, the data of Hoffmann and Edwards and
others in the intermediate pH range exhibit the same
0.7 order relationship with (H( + 1)) that was pointed
out by Dasgupta (1980). The purpose of the note is to
show that the rates in the intermediate pH range are
consistent with the mechanism and with the postulated
(Hoffmann and Edwards) first-order dependence on
(H(+1)). This is demonstrated by taking into account
the effects of temperature, pH, buffer system and
using the method of regression for curve fitting.
Keywords: *Air pollution, "Oxidation, "Sulfur, "Hydro-
gen peroxide, "Reaction kinetics, pH, Least squares
method, Experimental design, Graphs(Charts), Re-
prints, 'Acid rain, "Chemical reaction mechanisms,
"Hoffmann Edward's mechanism.
PB85-239259/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Issues of Confidentiality and Disclosure in Envi-
ronmental Auditing. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Planning and Evaluation.
M. Weiss. Apr 84,29p EPA/230/11-85/015
The report presents and analyzes legal issues sur-
rounding the confidentiality of environmentai-audit-
generated information. It addresses confidentiality and
disclosure issues by examining to what extent audit in-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
formation, if disclosed, could adversely affect its pro-
ducer, and legal principles and developing case law
which may be useful in securing legitimate confiden-
tiality of audit information.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Auditing, 'Indus-
trial plants, Law enforcement, Regulation, Standards,
National government, State government, Licenses,
Law(Jurisprudence), 'Compliance, 'Pollution laws.
PB8S-239267/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Radiation Data Report 29: January-
March 1982,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
C. Petko, H. M. Mardis, and L. Battist. Jun 82, 91 p
EPA/520/5-83/005
See also PB85-239275.
The quarterly report contains data from the Environ-
mental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System
(ERAMS), and similar networks operated by contribut-
ing State, Canada, Mexico, and the Pan American
Health Organization are reported in (ERD) when avail-
able. The ERAMS is comprised of nationwide sampling
station that provide air, surface, and drinking water and
milk samples from which environmental radiation
levels are derived. The radiation analyses performed
on these samples include gross alpha and gross beta
levels, gamma analyses for fisson products, and spe-
cific analyses for uranium, plutonium, strontium, iodine,
radium, krypton, and trituim.
Keywords: 'Radioactivity, 'Radioactive contaminants,
Airborne wastes, Surface waters, Potable water, Milk,
Tritium, Carbon 14, Strontium 90, Krypton 85, Plutoni-
um 238, Plutonium 239, Uranium 235, Iodine 131,
Cesium 137, Tables(Data), Strontium 89, Radium 226,
Iodine 129, Iodine 127, Barium 140, Potassium 40,
Uranium 234, Uranium 238, Radiation monitoring,
ERAMS system.
PB85-239275/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Radiation Data Report 28: Octo-
ber-December 1981,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
M. Mardis, C. Petko, and L. Battist. Mar 82,109p EPA/
520/1-83-002
See also PB83-152512.
Environmental Radiation Data is compiled and distrib-
uted quarterly by the Office of Radiation Programs'
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, Alabama. Sampling locations are selected to pro-
vide optimal population coverage while functioning to
monitor fallout from nuclear device and other forms of
radioactive contamination of the environment. The ra-
diation analyses performed on these samples include
gross alpha and gross beta levels, gamma analyses
for fission products, and specific analyses for uranium,
Plutonium, strontium, iodine, radium, krypton, and triti-
um. This monitoring effort also serves to provide ancil-
lary information on releases into the environment from
stationary sources such as nuclear power reactors,
fuel fabrication and reprocessing plants and natural
background levels.
Keywords: 'Radioactivity, "Radioactive contaminants,
Airborne wastes, Surface waters, Potable water, Milk,
Tritium, Krypton 85, Carbon 14, Plutonium 238, Pluto-
nium 239, Uranium 235, Strontium 90, Iodine 131,
Cesium 137, Tables(Data), Strontium 89, Uranium 234,
Uranium 238, Radium 226, Iodine 129, Iodine 127,
Barium 140, Potassium 40, Radiation monitoring,
ERAMS system.
PB85-239382/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Acidic Precipitation on the North Amer-
ican Continent,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Natural Resources
Ecology Lab.
J H. Gibson, and R. A. Linthurst. Aug 85, 22p EPA/
600/D-85/179
Since the mid 70's there has been a growing concern
in the U.S. and Canada about the widespread deposi-
tion of acidic materials from the atmosphere. Acid rain
is now found over most or all of the northeastern U.S.
and southeastern Canada. As they rely more []eay''y
on coal as our major energy source, it is likely that the
problem will become more widespread. A major re-
sponse in both Canada and the U.S. has been the or-
ganization of nationwide monitoring programs to
assess the geographic and temporal trends in chemi-
cal deposition and the initiation of surveys and re-
search efforts to determine current and future impacts
on aquatic and terrestrial systems. Both U.S. and
Canada monitoring studies show the presence of acid
rain in western areas, but at levels several times less
acidic than in the east. Surveys based on geological
materials and soil types indicate sensitive areas in
both countries. Gradual acidification of lakes and
streams has seriously affected fish populations in
some areas. Leaching of aluminum, heavy metals and
plant nutrients from soils affect water quality and may
have implications with respect to reduced forest pro-
ductivity. Extensive programs are underway to deter-
mine the extent of potential damage to crops and eco-
nomic losses. Many other research efforts are under-
way in both countries to assess both beneficial and
detrimental impacts of chemical deposition.
Keywords: Dry deposition, Wet methods, Atmospheric
chemistry, Land pollution, Chemical reaction mecha-
nisms, Ecology, 'Acid rain, 'North America, 'Air pollu-
tion effects, Ecosystems, Atmospheric chemistry.
PB85-239390/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Postnatal Effects of Prenatal Exposure to Low
Doses of Nitrofen (2,4-Dichlorophenyl-p-Nitro-
phenyi Ether) in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Journal arti-
cle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. S. Ostby, L. E. Gray, R. J. Kavlock, and J. M. Ferrell.
1985, 15p EPA/600/J-85/086
Pub. in Toxicology 34, n4 p285-297 May 85.
Nitrofen was administered to pregnant Sprague-
Dawley rats by gavage on days 8-16 of gestation at 5
different dose levels - 0, 0.46, 1.39, 4.17 and 12.5 mg/
kg/day. Diaphragmatic hernias were found in pups that
died immediately after birth at the 3 highest dose
levels. At the 1.39 mg/kg dose level 3 of the 4 pups ex-
amined had diaphragmatic hernias, at the 4.17 mg/kg
dose level 2 out of 3 pups had diaphragmatic hernias,
and at the 12.5 mg/kg dose level all 5 pups found dead
had diaphragmatic hernias. Locomotor activity of the
offspring was measured on postnatal days 17 and 24,
and hyperactivity was evident at the 3 highest dose
levels. However, when the rats were later tested at 45,
49 and 90 days of age they had apparently recovered
from this earlier hyperactivity. In the female rat, nitro-
fen did not delay the onset of puberty as measured by
the age of vaginal opening or the age at first estrus.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Rats, Laboratory animals,
Dosage, Pregnancy, Exposure, Reprints, "Nitrogen.
PB85-239408	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Development of Serotonergic and Adrenergic Re-
ceptors in the Rat Spinal Cord: Effects of Neona-
tal Chemical Lesions and Hyperthyroidism. Jour-
nal article,
Medical Coll. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
C. Lau, A. Pylypiw, and L. L. Ross. c1985,11 p EPA/
600/J-85/085
Pub. in Developmental Brain Research 19, p57-66
1985.
The ontogeny of serotonergic receptors and alpha-
and beta-adrenergic receptors in thoracolumbar spinal
cord of rats given neurotoxins which destroy seroton-
ergic (5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) or noradren-
ergic (6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)) nerve terminals
was examined. Intracisternal administration of 5,7-
DHT or 6-OHDA at 1 and 6 days of age prevented, re-
spectively, the development of 5-HT and CA levels in
the spinal cord. Rats lesioned with 5,7-DHT displayed
a marked elevation of 5-HT receptors with a binding of
50% greater than controls at 1 week and a continuing
increase to twice normal by 4 weeks. A similar pattern
of up-regulation was also detected with the alpha-ad-
renergic receptor, as rats lesioned with 6-OHDA exhib-
ited persistent increases in receptor concentration.
However, in these same animals ontogeny of the beta-
adrenergic receptor in the spinal cord remained virtual-
ly unaffected by the chemical lesion. Neonatal treat-
ment of triiodothyronine on the other hand was capa-
ble of evoking persistent increases in beta-adrenergic
receptor binding.
Keywords: "Spinal cord, Rats, Laboratory animals. Hy-
perthyroidism, Reprints, "Serotonergic receptors, "Ad-
renergic receptors.
PB85-239416	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Grower Reported Pesticide Poisonings Among
Florida Citrus Fieldworkers. Journal article,
Miami Univ., FL. School of Medicine.
J. Griffith, and R. C. Duncan. C1985,14p EPA/600/J-
85/087
Grant EPA-R-807051
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Science and Health B20,
n1 p61-72 Mar 85.
In a 1981 survey of 436 Florida citrus growers, 27 pes-
ticide related poisoning incidents were reported that
were to have taken place within one year of the inter-
view date. From these reports it is possible to estimate
that there are 376 citrus fieldworker poisonings per
year in Florida. This number of estimated poisonings
may be developed into an incidence rate of 113 field-
worker poisonings per 10,000 fieldworkers.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxic diseases, Florida, Re-
prints, "Occupational safety and health.
PB85-239515/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Processing in-Situ Oil Shale Retort Offgas with a
Stretford Plant at Qeoklnetics,
KVB, Inc., Irvine, CA.
H. Taback, G. Quartucy, and E. Bates. Aug 85,13p
EPA/600/D-85/184
Contract EPA-68-03-3166
The paper discusses the use of EPA's transportable
Stretford process pilot plant on a 700-acfm slipstream
of in-situ shale oil retort offgas to investigate H2S re-
moval efficiency and process compatibility. This was
the fourth application of the pilot plant which had dem-
onstrated a continuously improving performance.
During this test, the pilot plant was operated first with a
venturi contactor alone and then with the venturi fol-
lowed in series by a packed tower contactor. With the
venturi alone, the plant achieved 95% removal effi-
ciency, but its average performance was lower. With
the addition of the packed tower, the removal efficien-
cy reached 99 + %. Excessive foaming of the process
solution was experienced which was attributed to the
presence of organic aerosol in the retort offgas.
Keywords: "Air pollution abatement, "Oil shale, "De-
sulfurization, "Sulfur inorganic compounds, Sulfur, Hy-
drogen sulfide, Industrial wastes. Combustion prod-
ucts, Design criteria.
PB85-239S23/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
From Research to Public Policy: Progress in Sci-
entific and Public Understanding of Acid Precipi-
tation and Its Biological Effects,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. School of Forest
Resources.
E. B. Cowling. Aug 85, 20p EPA/600/D-85/178
Grant EPA-R-806912
Wisdom in the development of public policy requires
objective assessments of fact. Scientific understand-
ing of acid precipitation and its biological conse-
quences has increased substantially in recent years
but needs to be expanded still further. At present much
more is known about the nature and extent of effects
of acid precipitation in aquatic than in terrestrial eco-
systems. Increasing acidity of precipitation has been
shown to induce extinction of fish and other major
changes in the health and productivity of many differ-
ent types of organisms in poorly buffered lakes in large
parts of Europe and eastern North America. Thus,
available knowledge is adequate to begin the process
of formulating public policies to protect sensitive
aquatic ecosystems trom these injurious influences.
By contrast, recent research on terrestrial ecosystems
has shown that (1) atmospheric deposition contains
both beneficial nutrients and injurious substances; (2)
terrestrial plants, animals, and ecosystems vary great-
ly in susceptibility, tolerance, and adaptability to
changes in atmospheric deposition; (3) injury is most
likely when rapid changes in the chemical climate coin-
cide with a vulnerable life form or life stage; (4) simulat-
ed acid rain can cause leaching of nutrients from foli-
age and from soil, and both direct and indirect injury to
terrestrial vegetation.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: Dry deposition, Wet methods, Atmospheric
chemistry, Land pollution, Chemical reaction mecha-
nisms, Ecology, "Acid rain, "Air pollution effects, Eco-
systems, Atmospheric chemistry.
PB85-239531/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Benefits of Environmental Auditing: Case Exam-
ples. Final rept.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA
Dec 84, 34p EPA/230/03-85/001
Contract EPA-68-01-6715
This report documents the benefits of environmental
auditing as described by managers responsible for
their organizations' environmental audit program. In
some cases, the examples illustrate actual benefits
derived from individual audits, while in other cases the
benefits result from having conducted a number of
audits over a period of time. It provides insights into
how environmental auditors conduct their field work,
what type of situations they are likely to uncover, and
how facility-level environmental management can im-
prove as a result of an audit.
Keywords: 'Audits, Programs, Benefits, Monitoring,
Data collection. Recordkeeping, "Environmental
audits.
PB8S-239770/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Emission Characterization of a 2-Stroke Heavy-
Duty Diesel Coach Engine and Vehicle with and
without a Particulate Trap. Final rept. 20 Apr 82-28
May 83,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
T. L. Ullman, and C. T. Hare. Mar 85,138p EPA/460/
3-84/015
Contract EPA-68-03-3073
See alsoPB80-121551.
Diesel soot or smoke has been regarded as a nui-
sance pollutant and potential health hazard, especially
in congested urban areas where diesel buses operate.
Exhaust emissions from a DDAD 6V-71 coach engine
and a similarly-powered 1980 GMC RTS-II coach,
fitted with a non-catalyzed particulate trap, were char-
acterized over various Federal Test Procedures for
heavy-duty engines, including an experimental test
cycle for buses. Regeneration was accomplished
using an in-line burner in the exhaust to raise the en-
?ines' idle exhaust gas temperature from 120 to 700 C.
rap testing included approximately 15 hours of
engine operation and 100 miles of bus operation. Par-
ticulate emissions were reduced by an average of 79
percent and smoke emissions were nil using the trap.
The effect of the trap on regulated and other unregu-
lated emissions was generally minimal.
Keywords: "Exhaust emissions, "Air pollution, "Buses,
Soot, Smoke, Particles, Performance evaluation, Dyn-
amometers, "Heavy duty vehicles, "Diesel engine ex-
haust, "Particulate traps, Baseline measurements.
PB85-239846/HSU	PC A99/MF E11
Construction Engineering Research Lab. (Army),
Champaign, IL.
Proceedings: International Conference on Fixed-
Film Biological Processes (2nd) Held at Arlington,
Virginia on July 10-12,1984. Volume 1,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
J. T. Bandy, Y. C. Wu, E. D. Smith, J. V. Basilico, and E.
J. Opatken. Jul 85,1042p EPA/600/9-85/024A
See also PB85-239853 and ADP-000753. Sponsored
by Construction Engineering Research Lab. (Army),
Champaign, IL., Pittsburgh Univ., PA., Civil Engineering
Lab. (Navy), Port Hueneme, CA., and National Science
Foundation, Washington, DC.
Only recently have fixed-film biological processes
been intensively studied and applied to water pollution
control. Because of certain inherent advantages of
fixed-film over suspended growth biological treatment
processes, this interest continues at a nigh level. The
conference reported here is the second in a series In-
tended to provide a forum for understanding and ap-
plying fixed-film biological treatment processes. The
17 technical sessions included 90 papers on: microbi-
ology of biofilm; biofilm growth characteristics: select-
ing and arranging fixed-film media for anaerobic treat-
ment systems: a special investigation of these sys-
tems: effect of packed-bed media configuration on
trickling filter applications: reaction kinetics and proc-
ess modelings; nutrient removal using these systems;
the Columbus, IN, project; aerated fixed-film waste
treatment systems; innovative applications of fixed-
film bioreactors; treating industrial wastewaters using
fixed-film reactors; nitrification; integrated treatment
systems; and designing, operating, and maintaining an
RBC. The conference also included a research needs
workshop and a field trip to a 40-mgd RBC plant in Al-
exandria, VA.
Keywords: "Meetings, "Waste water, "International,
"Sewage treatment, Water treatment, Waste treat-
ment, Activated sludge process, Nitrification, Aeration,
Facilities, Filters, Municipalities, Wastes(lndustrial),
Compilation reports, Treatment plants, "Fixed film bio-
logical process. Rotating biological process, Biofilms.
PB85-239853/HSU	PC A99/MF E12
Construction Engineering Research Lab. (Army),
Champaign, IL.
Proceedings: International Conference on Fixed-
Film Biological Processes (2nd) Held at Arlington,
Virginia on July 10-12,1984. Volume 2,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
J. T. Bandy, V. C. Wu, E. D. Smith, J. V. Basilico, and E.
J. Opatken. Jul 85,1078p EPA/800/9-85/024B
See also PB85-239846. Sponsored by Construction
Engineering Research Lab. (Army), Champaign, IL.,
Pittsburgh Univ., PA., Civil Engineering Lab. (Navy),
Port Hueneme, CA., and National Science Foundation,
Washington, DC.
Only recently have fixed-film biological processes
been intensively studied and applied to water pollution
control. Because of certain inherent advantages of
fixed-film over suspended growth biological treatment
processes, this interest continues at a high level. The
conference reported here is the second in a series in-
tended to provide a forum for understanding and ap-
plying fixed-film biological treatment processes. The
17 technical sessions included 90 papers on: microbi-
ology of biofilm; biofilm growth characteristics; select-
ing and arranging fixed-film media for anaerobic treat-
ment systems; a special investigation of these sys-
tems; effect of packed-bed media configuration on
trickling filter applications; reaction kinetics and proc-
ess modelings; nutrient removal using these systems;
the Columbus, IN, project; aerated fixed-film waste
treatment systems; innovative applications of fixed-
film bioreactors; treating industrial wastewaters using
fixed-film reactors; nitrification; integrated treatment
systems; and designing, operating, and maintaining an
RBC, The conference also included a research needs
workshop and a field trip to a 40-mgd RBC plant in Al-
exandria, VA.
Keywords: "Meetings, "Waste water, "International,
"Sewage treatment, Water treatment, Waste treat-
ment, Activated sludge process, Nitrification, Aeration,
Facilities, Filters, Municipalities, Wastes(lndustrial),
Compilation reports. Treatment plants, "Fixed film bio-
logical process, Rotating biological process, Biofilms.
PB85-239903/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Chemical Weathering and Solution Chemistry In
Acid Forest Soils: Differential Influence of Soil
Type, Biotlc Processes, and H+ Deposition,
Maine Univ. at Orono. Dept. of Botany and Plant Pa-
thology.
C. S. Cronan. Aug 85,25p EPA/600/D-85/176
In the investigation, weathering rates were calculated
for three eastern North American forest soils using five
separate estimation techniques. In addition, leaching
experiments were performed to examine the influence
of selected environmental variables on the weathering
process. Inter-soil differences in weathering rate were
inversely correlated with mean soil particle size and
postively correlated with total exchangeable bases in
the soil profile. Study results also demonstrated major
differences in weathering rates between soil horizons.
Keywords: "Weathering, "Soils, 'Acidity, "Forestry,
Leaching, Sands, Loams, Chemical reactions, Solutes,
Particle size, Silts, Soil horizons, Soil profiles,
Rates(Per time).
PB85-239952/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Nonmetallic Mineral Processing Plants: Back-
ground Information for Promulgated Standards.
Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
J. R. Farmer. Apr 85, 96p EPA/450/3-83/001 B
Contract EPA-68-02-3058
See also PB83-258103.
Standards of performance for the control of particulate
matter emissions from nonmetallic mineral processing
plants are being promulgated under the authority of
Section 111 of the Clean Air Act. These standards
apply to new, modified, or reconstructed facilities at
nonmetallic mineral processing plants including
crushers, grinding mills, screens, bucket elevators,
conveyor belt transfer points, bagging operations, stor-
age bins, and enclosed truck and railcare loading sta-
tions. This document contains a summary of the com-
ments on the proposal of these standards in the Fed-
eral Register (48 FR 39566), the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency's response to these comments, and a
summary of the changes to the standards since pro-
posal.
Keywords: "Industrial wastes, 'Air pollution control,
Standards, Minerals, Particles, Pollution control, Par-
ticulates.
PB85-239960/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Ultraviolet Disinfection of Water for Small Water
Supplies,
Washington Univ., Seattle.
D. A. Carlson, R. W. Seabloom, F. B. DeWalle, T. F.
Wetzler, and J. Engeset. Jul 85,127p EPA/600/2-85/
092
See also PB81-111049.
In the study ultraviolet radiation was considered as an
alternative means of disinfection of small drinking
water supplies. A major impetus for the study was the
large increase in waterborne disease episodes in the
United States whose etiologic agent, Giardia lamblia,
was found to be highly resistant to conventional chlor-
ination. While the germicidal effect of sunlight has long
been known, it has been found that artificial UV radi-
ation with a wavelength of 253.7 nm, can be produced
by low pressure mercury vapor lamps. The inactivation
of microorganisms by UV radiation is based upon pho-
tochemical reactions in the DNA which result in errors
in the coding system. Inactivation of microorganisms
due to exposure to UV is proportional to the intensity
multiplied by the time of exposure.
Keywords: "Ultraviolet radiation, "Disinfection, "Water
supply, "Water treatment, Giardia, Sunlight, Biocides,
Mercury lamps, Exposure, Photochemical reactions,
"Giardia lamblia, Water borne diseases, "Small com-
munities.
PB85-240083/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
National Science Foundation, Washington, DC.
Prudent Practices for Disposal of Chemicals from
Laboratories.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
c1983,297p ISBN-0-309-03390-X
Grant NSF-PRM81-20234
Sponsored by American Chemical Society, Washing-
ton, DC., Chemical Manufacturers Association, Wash-
ington, DC., and National Institutes of Health, Bethes-
da, MD. Library of Congress catalog card no. 83-
13211.
All laboratory work with chemicals eventually produces
chemical waste, and those who generate such waste
have moral and legal obligations to see that the waste
is handled and disposed of in ways that pose minimum
potential harm, both short term and long term, to
health and the environment. The objectives of this
report are to present guidelines for laboratories in es-
tablishing a waste management system, to give specif-
ic recommendations to laboratory managers for the
disposal of chemicals, and to make recommendations
for constructive changes in regulations for disposal of
chemicals from laboratories. This guide thoroughly as-
sesses the full range of hazards encountered in lab-
oratories and provides recommendations for handling
dangerous substances in both ordinary and emergen-
cy situations.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Environmental sur-
veys, 'Chemical compounds, "Industrial wastes, Envi-
ronmental impacts, Toxicology, Water pollution, Ecolo-
gy, Earth fills, Chemical analysis, "Liquid waste dispos-
al, Path of pollutants, Land disposal.
PB85-240125/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Regulatory Reform Staff.
Current Practices in Environmental Auditing. Final
rept.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA. Center for Envi-
ronmental Assurance.
Feb 84, 109p EPA/230/09-83/006
Contract EPA-68-01-6160
See also PB85-240422.
The report provides a discussion of environmental au-
diting followed by detailed descriptions of five individ-
ual audit programs. It has been developed to help fur-
ther the understanding of environmental auditing and
how various companies approach the subject. The de-
scriptions of the environmental auditing programs of
five companies presented in the report are based on
in-depth interviews with the companies audit program
managers. Examples of the various programs docu-
ments — checklists, protocols, audit reports, etc. - ob-
tained from each company are included in the compa-
ny profiles to help the reader further understand the
nature and scope of each program and some of the
key alternatives available in designing an audit pro-
gram. The companies profiled in the report represent a
diversity of auditing approaches, as well as a variety of
industry segments. All have management support for
their programs and have made significant commit-
ments to their environmental auditing efforts. Each
company willingly agreed to discuss its audit program
in detail and provide examples of its program approach
and supporting materials.
Keywords: "Audits, "Industrial wastes, "Environmental
surveys. Performance evaluation, Substitutes, Design,
Regulations, Law enforcement, Standards, Assess-
ments, Licenses, Hazardous materials, "Environmen-
tal auditing, "Environment management.
PB85-240166/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Regulatory Reform Staff.
Can You Trust Your Environmental Auditing Pro-
gram. Organizational Issues In Establishing and
Improving Environmental Auditing Programs. Final
rept.,
Battelle Human Affairs Research Centers, Seattle
WA.
A. A. Marcus, and M. V. Nadel. Nov 83,16p EPA/230/
11-85/016
Contract EPA-68-02-3169
The report discusses organizational issues affecting
environmental auditing and whether managers can
have faith in the capability and integrity of their auditing
programs. It suggests factors managers may take into
account when establishing or upgrading audit pro-
grams. Because so many variables exist within a firm
regarding audit systems, managers should take a posi-
tion allowing them to evaluate evolving programs and
make corrections when appropriate.
Keywords: "Auditing, "Environment management,
Management, Organizing, Programs, Environmental
monitoring.
PB85-240422/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Regulatory Reform Staff.
Benefits to Industry of Environmental Auditing.
Final rept.	. _ .
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA. Center for Envi-
ronmental Assurance.
Aug 83 21p EPA/230/08-83/005
Contract EPA-68-01-6160
See also PB85-240125.
The report identifies principal objectives of environ-
mental auditing programs and analyzes expected ben-
efits to firms adopting environmental auditing. Benefits
are categorized in terms of two main effects: (1) in-
creased management effectiveness; and (2) increased
management comfort or security that the company is
meeting its legal, corporate and ethicaj requirements.
Measures to evaluate those effects are identified.
Keywords: "Audits, "Industrial wastes, "Environmental
surveys, "Benefit cost analysis, "Pollution control,
Benefits, Objectives, Industries, Management, As-
sessments, Regulations, Standards, Public health, In-
dustrial hygiene, Performance evaluation, "Environ-
mental auditing, "Environment management. Occupa-
tional safety and health.
PB85-240455/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Methodology for Characterization of Uncertainty
in Exposure Assessments,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. W. Whitmore. Aug 85,196p EPA/600/8-85/009
Contract EPA-68-01 -6826
See also PB80-131485.
Exposure assessments, except those based upon
measured exposure levels for a probability sample of
population members, rely upon a model to predict ex-
posure. The model may be any mathematical function
that estimates the population distribution of exposure
or an individual's exposure as a function of one or
more input variables. Whenever a model that has not
been validated is used as the basis for an exposure as-
sessment, the uncertainty associated with the expo-
sure assessment may be substantial. The primary
characterization of uncertainty is at least partly qualita-
tive in this case, i.e., it includes a description of the as-
sumptions inherent in the model and their justification.
Plausible alternative models should be discussed.
Sensitivity of the exposure assessment to model for-
mulation can be investigated by replicating the assess-
ment for plausible alternative models. When an expo-
sure assessment is based upon directly measured ex-
posure levels for a probability sample of population
members, uncertainty can be greatly reduced and de-
scribed quantitatively. The primary sources of uncer-
tainty are measurement errors and sampling errors. A
quality assurance program should be designed into the
study to ensure that the magnitude of measurement
errors can be estimated. The effects of all sources of
random error should be measured quantitatively.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Mathematical models,
"Public health, "Quality assurance, "Probability theory,
Exposure, Assessments, Substitutes, Errors, Decision
making, Populations, Feasibility, "Air pollution
effects(Humans), Path of pollutants.
PB85-240S54/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Validity of Effluent and Ambient Toxicity Tests for
Predicting Biological Impact, Scippo Creek, Cir-
cleville, Ohio,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
D. I. Mount, and T. J. Norberg-King. Jun 85, 90p EPA/
600/3-85/044
Also pub. as Environmental Protection Agency, Wash-
ington, DC. Office of Water Enforcement and Permits
rept. no. OWEP-85-01.
The report describes the first site study on Scippo
Creek at Circleville, Ohio, which receives only one dis-
charge from a chemical resins plant using batch oper-
ations. Scippo Creek is a small sunfish/bass stream
flowing through an agricultural area in central Ohio.
Previous biological studies by the State of Ohio had
shown measurable adverse impact below the outfall
and a grab sample of effluent tested before the study
indicated high toxicity. Effluent dilution toxicity tests
were run with two test species both onsite and at a
remote laboratory. In addition, toxicity tests were con-
ducted onsite on ambient samples from four river sta-
tions. Biological studies were conducted at those sta-
tions and included benthic macroinvertebrates, fish,
and periphyton.
Keywords: "Environmental impacts, "Stream pollution,
Industrial wastes, Effluents, Toxicology, Waste dispos-
al, Chemical plants, Polymers, Dilution, Tests, Biology,
Water quality, Agriculture, Ohio, Scippo Creek stream,
Circleville(Ohio).
PB85-240638/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Process Wastewater Treatability Study for Wes-
tinghouse Fluidized-Bed Coal Gasification,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
S. L. Winton, G. C. Page, W. E. French, J. M. Evans,
and B J. Buvinger. Jul 85,17p EPA/600/D-85/156
Contract EPA-68-02-3137
Prepared in cooperation with Department of Energy,
Morgantown, WV. Morgantown Energy Technology
Center., Gas Research Inst., Chicago, IL., and Wes-
tinghouse Electric Corp., Madison, PA. Synthetic Fuels
Div.
The paper discusses a joint program (The U.S. Depart-
ment of Energy, the Gas Research Institute, and the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) to develop per-
formance data, design parameters, conceptual de-
signs, and cost estimates for treating wastewaters
from a fluidized-bed coal gasification plant. Preliminary
results indicate that wastewater can be effectively
treated by current technology. At this time the unit op-
erations being evaluated are performing according to
expectations. Results from bench-scale studies repre-
sent a first step in the development of a basis of design
for treating these wastewaters. These data will also be
used to develop conceptual designs from which cost
estimates for wastewater treatment for a commercial-
scale fluidized-bed coal gasification facility will be pre-
pared.
Keywords: "Coal gasification, "Waste water, Water
treatment, Pollution control, "Fluidized bed proces-
sors.
PB85-240646/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Inhibition of ATPase Activities of Brain and Liver
Homogenates by Trlethyltin (TET),
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Medi-
cine.
K. S. Jacobs. J. J. Lemasters, and L. W. Reiter. Jul 85,
12pEPA/600/D-85/166
Grant EPA-R-809644
In vitro, TET is an effective inhibitor of both mitochon-
drial and Na + /K +-ATPase activities in subcellular
fractions from brain and liver. Although TET binds with
high affinity to mitochondrial ATPase, it also binds to
other cellular constituents including hemoglobin and
myelin. Thus, whether or not ATPase inhibition is a
factor in the in vivo toxicity of TET may depend on the
ability of TET to bind to ATPases in the presence of
other cellular constituents. The purpose of this study
was to assess inhibition of ATPase activities in liver
and brain homogenates in vivo or in vitro exposure to
TET.
Keywords: "Adenosine phosphates, Brain, Liver, In-
hibitors, In vitro analysis, In vivo analysis, "Tin/triethyl,
ATP.
PB85-240653/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
North American and European Experience with
Biological Toilets,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
J. F. Kreissl. Jul 85,12p EPA/600/D-85/162
A history of North American and European experience
with biological toilets is provided. The early use of
these devices in Scandanavia was to solve a specific
problem, that of providing a low-cost solution for dis-
posing of human wastes from recreational cabins. Be-
cause of their environmental attractiveness their popu-
larity increased rapidly and their marketing area was
widened to include year-round use. The same factors
resulted in closer scrutiny by both Scandanavian and
American agencies in the form of controlled and field
testing programs. The results of these tests have been
improved designs and understanding of the viable ap-
plications of the devices, which are significantly more
limited than first implied.
Keywords: "Toilet facilities, "Humans, "Solid waste
disposal, Sanitary engineering, Europe, Cost analysis,
North America, Performance evaluation, Concepts,
Microorganisms, Mixing, "Biological toilets, Composts!
PB85-240828	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Alkyl Phosphate Residue Values In the Urine of
Florida Citrus Fleldworkers Compared to the Na-
tional Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
(HANES) Sample. Journal article,
Miami Univ., FL School of Medicine.
J. G. Griffith, and R. C. Duncan. C1985, 9p EPA/600/J-
85/088
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Grant EPA-R-807051
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 34, p210-215 1985.
In a 1981 Florida citrus pesticide usage survey, it was
found that substantial quantities of ethion, carbophen-
othion, malathion, and dioxathion are used on Florida
citrus crops. Ethion is used for Snow scale and Rust
mites; carbophenothion is used on Rust and Spider
mites, Snow scale and other scale insects; malathion
is used on Snow, Glover, and Yellow scale; and diox-
athion on Rust mites. In Florida most spraying takes
place from May through October, and again in Febru-
ary through March. In addition, diseases such as scab
and melanose are controlled in Florida with oil/Benlate
in June and July, depending on the time of bloom, with
another spraying on dormant plants in February
(Knapp, 1979).
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Fruit crops, Citrus crops, Flori-
da, Reprints, "Pesticide residues, National Health Sur-
veys, 'Health Surveys.
PB85-240836	Not available NTIS
Structure of Strongly Stratified Flow over Hills: Di-
viding-Streamline Concept. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
W. H. Snyder, I. P. Castro, J. T. Lee, J. C. R. Hunt, and
Y. Ogawa. C1985, 41 p EPA/600/J-85/082
Pub. in Jnl. of Fluid Mechanics 152, p249-288 Mar 85.
The applicability of an integral formula for the dividing-
streamline height in strongly stable flow over hills is
tested in several laboratory experiments. The dividing-
streamline concept is based upon simple energy argu-
ments; fluid parcels originating far upstream of a hill at
elevations H sub R above the dividing-streamline
height H sub s will have sufficient kinetic energy to rise
over the top, whereas those below H sub s must pass
around the sides.
Keywords: 'Fluid flow, 'Hills, Stratification, Steady
state, Wind direction, Elevation, 'Foreign technology.
PB85-241255/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab -Cincin-
nati, OH.
Evaluation of Ignitabllity Methods (Liquids). Final
rept. Sep 83-Sep 84,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. Umana, W. Gutknecht, C. Salmons, R. Chapman,
and R. Handy. Jul 85, 77p EPA/600/4-85/053
Contract EPA-68-03-3099
The purpose of the research was to evaluate the ignit-
ability Methods 1010 (Pensky-Martens) and 1020 (Se-
taflash) as described by OSW Manual SW846 (1). The
effort was designed to provide information on accura-
cy and precision of the two methods. During Phase I of
the task, six standards and simple mixtures were
tested. In addition, during Phase II, twelve actual
wastes were tested. The results are contained in the
Final Report. Based on standards and simple mixtures
results, it can be concluded that no significant differ-
ence exists between the accuracy and precision of the
two methods. The results of actual waste experiments
however, provided information that showed significant
differences between the methods. The Setaflash
method, when applicable, was determined to be more
accurate and more precise than the Pensky-Martens.
The Pensky-Martens method is not applicable for
wastes which have flash points below 13C (55F). The
Setaflash method is not applicable to complex mix-
tures with substantial amounts of water and high sur-
face tension.
Keywords: 'Ignition, 'Wastes, Combustion, Methodol-
ogy, 'Solid waste disposal.
PB85-241461/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Choosing Cost-Effective QA/QC (Quality Assur-
ance/duality Control) Programs for Chemical
Analysis. Final rept. May 80-Jan 85,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
L P Provo9t, and R. S. Elder. Aug 85,154p EPA/600/
4-85/056
Contract EPA-68-03-2995
See also PB-297 451.
The primary objective of the report is to provide guid-
ance for choosing cost-effective QA/OC programs for
chemical laboratories. It describes general principles
of QA/QC, the specific tools available, and the infor-
mation needed to choose appropriate tools for specific
needs. The report does not give detailed discussions
of how to apply each quality control tool; references
are given for more detailed information. The major
tasks of the project were: A literature search to identify
current QA/QC practices for inorganic and organic
chemical methods; An evaluation of ongoing quality
assurance programs; Development of a model to de-
termine the type and level of QA/QC effort required for
various uses of particular analytical methods.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Quality control, 'Labora-
tories, Cost effectiveness, Water chemistry, Water pol-
lution control.
PB85-241529/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Atmospheric Fates of Organic Chemicals: Predic-
tion of Ozone and Hydroxyl Radical Reaction
Rates and Mechanisms. Final rept. Feb 1982-Feb
85.
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
R. Atkinson, W. P. L. Carter, S. M. Aschmann, J. N.
Pitts, and A. M. Winer. Aug 85,86p EPA/600/3-85/
063
See also PB-290 507.
During the three-year cooperative agreement, the ki-
netic, mechanistic and product data available in the lit-
erature for the gas phase reactions of OH radicals and
of 03 with organic compounds have been evaluated
and critically reviewed. Two review articles, one on 03
reactions, the other on OH radical reactions, resulting
from the work have been submitted for publication to
Chemical Reviews. The review dealing with 03 reac-
tions has been published in Chemical Reviews, 84,
437-470 (1984), and the OH reaction review has been
accepted for publication. In addition to these extensive
reviews, an experimental program was carried out to
obtain needed kinetic data for selected OH radical and
03 reactions. The data, and the experimental tech-
niques used, are summarized in the report, together
with a discussion of a-priori predictive techniques for
the estimation of OH radical and 03 reaction rate con-
stants for organics for which experimental data are not
available.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Reaction kinetics, 'Ozone,
Organic compounds, Vapor phases, Experimental
design, Molecular structure, Forecasting, Reviews,
'Hydroxyl radicals, 'Chemical reaction mechanism.
PB85-241776/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Application of Adsorptlva/Absorptive Resins and
Membranes for Toxic and Hazardous Waste Re-
duction,
Carltech Associates, Columbia, MD.
J. C. Uhrmacher. Aug 85,102p EPA/600/2-85/096
Contract EPA-68-03-3214
See also PB81-191900.
An extensive review of the literature has been per-
formed which included recent papers prepared by ex-
perts from industry, government and academia in the
fields of ion exchange, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration
and many associated technologies. The capabilities of
adsorptive and ion exchange systems using conven-
tional resins as well as the newer ion-selective and
macroreticular non-ionic resins are presented. The ca-
pabilities of membrane separation processes based
on the use of conventional size exclusion and ion ex-
change film type membranes and experimental liquid
membranes are similarly evaluated.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Membranes, "Ion ex-
change, Filtration, Literature surveys, 'Pollution con-
trol, Water pollution control.
PB85-241800/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Assessment of the Mutagenic Potential of Carbon
Disulfide, Carbon Tetrachloride, Dichloromethane,
Ethylene Dichlorlde, and Methyl Bromide: A Com-
parative Analysis in Relation to Ethylene Dlbro-
mide,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
V. L. Vaughan-Dellarco, J. R. Fowle, and S. Rosenthal.
Aug 85,154p EPA/600/6-85/001
See also PB84-209865.
The document provides an evaluation of the mutagen-
ic potential of five alternative fumigants to ethylene
dibrormide(EDB). These include carbon disulfide(CS2),
carbon tetrachloride(CCM), dichloromethane(DCM),
ethylene dichloride(EDC), and methyl bromide (MB).
Of the five proposed alternatives, DCM, EDC and MB
caused gene mutations in lower and higher eucar-
yotes. These three agents have not been well studied
for their potential to cause chromosome damage.
There are no available data on the ability of these
agents to cause gene mutations in whole mammals,
except for EDC, for which the evidence is suggestive.
The potential of the alternatives to reach whole
mammal germcell DNA has not been studied. But
DCM, EDC, and MB do cause heritable effects in Dro-
sophila. CS2 and CCI4 have been predominately nega-
tive in mutagenicity tests. Additional studies are
needed before a final judgment is reached with respect
to their mutagenic potential, however. The mutagenic
potencies of each agent were compared within and
among various assay systems. Regarding the strength
of mutagenicity, EDB is clearly a stronger mutagen
than any of the proposed alternative fumigants. Differ-
ences in mutagenicity potency among the alternatives
cannot be delineated because of limited data usually
derived from different laboratories. When final judg-
ments could not be reached because of gaps in cur-
rent knowledge, recommendations were made on ad-
ditional studies that could be conducted to better
define the potential mutagenic risk.
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Genetics, "Chromosome ab-
normalities, 'Toxicology, "Public health, "Environmen-
tal surveys, Substitutes, Mutagens, Metabolism, Deox-
yribonucleic acids, Microorganisms, Carbon disulfide,
Carbon tetrachloride, Bioassays, Air pollution, Trans-
port properties, "Ethane/dibromo, "Pesticide substi-
tutes, "Occupational safety and health, Methane/dich-
loro, Ethane/dichloro, Methane/bromo, Cancer.
PB85-241875/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Use of Sewage Sludge for Forest-Tree Seedling
Production,
Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center,
Wooster.
D. H. Lambert, T. C. Weidensaul, D. C. Borger, and L.
H. Rhodes. Aug 85,126p EPA/600/2-85/095
Grant EPA-R-806672
Research was undertaken to determine the beneficial
and harmful effects of using dewatered, digested
sewage sludge in: (1) containerized production of
forest tree seedlings, (2) tree seedling production in a
conventional outdoor nursery, (3) establishment and
growth of transplanted bare-root coniferous seedlings
grown in the field as Christmas trees, and (4) formation
and survival of mycorrhizae on forest trees and soy-
beans. Toxicities of various elements were deter-
mined, as were sludge-induced nutrient deficiencies
associated with various sludge types and application
rates.
Keywords: "Sludge disposal, "Forest land, "Forest
trees, Production, Dewatering, Containers, Growth,
Survival, Performance evaluation, Mycorrhizal, Soy-
beans, Metals, Toxicity, Heavy metals.
PB85-242071/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
Control Technology for Radioactive Emissions to
the Atmosphere at U.S. Department of Energy Fa-
cilities: The Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
E. B. Moore, and H. T. Fullam. Mar 85,26p PNL-4621-
ADD-1
See also PB83-192385.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
In PNL-4621 Final, facilities at the Los Alamos Nation-
al Laboratory were discussed, including the Los
Alamos Meson Physics Facility (LAMPF), These dis-
cussions were based on 1981 radionuclide emissions
as reported by DOE in DOE's 'Effluent Information
System, EPA Release Point Analysis Information
Report for Calendar Year 1981'. In 1983, however,
DOE reported substantially higher emission control
technology at the LAMPF might be appropriate. Ac-
cordingly then, this addendum was prepared for the
purpose of reexamining radionuclide emission control
technology at the LAMPF in order to determine wheth-
er or not better alternatives exist.
Keywords: "Radioactive contaminants, Airborne
wastes, Radioactivity, Gamma rays, 'LAMPF linac,
*Air pollution control.
PB85-242097/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Small Generator Demonstration Project. Final rept.
Tacoma-Pierce County Health Dept., WA.
Feb 85, 45p EPA/910/9-85/124
Grant EPA-S-811262
The Small Generator Demonstration Project is an ex-
perimental effort to decrease the amount of hazardous
waste being mishandled and improperly disposed by
small businesses in the South Tacoma area of
Tacoma, WA. This one year project is centered around
a program of education stressing voluntary compli-
ance to increase recycling and decrease improper
waste disposal. The project is designed to make the al-
ternative waste handling practices presented to the
business community easy, inexpensive, and perma-
nent by identifying available disposal resources such
as local recyclers. 116 small businesses ranging from
the automotive to the wood products industry were vis-
ited and notified of safe methods of handling and dis-
posing of their hazardous wastes. This information re-
sulted in 40% of the businesses with waste handling
problems changing to proper waste disposal.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
"Recycling, Washington(State), Tacoma(Washington),
Compliance, Toxic substances.
PB85-242105/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Virginia, Water Year
1984. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 83-30 Sep 84,
Geological Survey, Richmond, VA. Water Resources
Div.
B. J. Prugh, F. J. Easton, and D. D. Lynch. 1985,420p
USGS/WDR/VA-84/1, USGS/WRD/HD-85/226
See also PB84-224540.
Water resources data for the 1984 water year for Vir-
ginia consist of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality
of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water
quality of ground-water wells. This volume contains
records for water discharge at 192 gaging stations;
stage only at 1 gaging station; stage and contents at
10 lakes and reservoirs; water quality at 43 gaging sta-
tions and 5 wells; and water levels at 56 observation
wells. Also included are data for 78 crest-stage partial-
record stations.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Surface waters, "Virginia,
Water quality, Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Streams,
Reservoirs, Water table, Temperature, Tables(Data),
"Water quality data, "Hydrologic data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB85-242121/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Investigation of Fluid Bed Combustion of Munici-
pal Solid Waste,
Stanford Univ., CA.
R. H. Euslis, K. 8. Wilson, L. C. Preuit, and M. M.
Marasigan. Aug 85,88p EPA/600/2-85/098
Grant EPA-R-806061-01	,
Prepared in cooperation with Combustion Power Co.,
Inc., Menlo Park, CA.
An experimental study was undertaken to burn proc-
essed municipal solid waste in a fluid-bed combustor
containing water-cooled tubes in the bed The 300-
hour test was performed without incident and terminat-
ed on schedule. The combustor and ducting were
clean on inspection after the test, and bed agglomer-
ation did not occur. A corrosion tube placed in the free-
board showed considerable metal wastage for carbon
and low-alloy steels and some wastage for stainless
steels. Low-temperature carbon steel water tubes in
the bed showed negligible wastage. It was concluded
that heat-exchanger tubes in the freeboard require
protection from the high-velocity elutriated solids.
Combustion efficiency was greater than 99%, and pol-
lutants were measured as follows. S02 = 58 ppm,
NOx = 178 ppm, CO = 242 ppm, Hydrocarbons =
5.4 ppm. A system study was conducted for a co-gen-
eration, 800-tons/day power plant to be located on the
Stanford U. campus to supply all of the process steam
requirement and as much of the electrical power as
possible.
Keywords: "Fluidized bed combustion, "Municipal
wastes, Cogeneration, Composting, Energy recovery,
Incinerators, Air pollution control, "Refuse derived
fuels.
PB85-242139/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Destruction of Hazardous Wastes Cofired in In-
dustrial Boilers: Pilot-Scale Parametrics Testing.
Final rept.,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
C. D. Wolbach, and A. R. Garman. Aug 85,175p FR-
84-146/EED, EPA/600/2-85/097
Contract EPA-68-02-3176
Thermal destruction of wastes by direct incineration or
by cofiring with conventional fuels in boilers, furnaces,
or kilns is one of the most effective methods currently
available for disposal of hazardous organic material.
However, more information is needed on the potential
for emissions to the environment during thermal de-
struction. The specific objectives of the current study
were to identify which of several boiler operational pa-
rameters have a major impact on boiler destruction
and removal efficiency; and to evaluate and if practi-
cal, establish a mathematical model for predicting an
upper limit on the amount of cofired waste that could
be emitted. The program was carried out in three
phases: a detailed characterization of thermal history
and environment of a pilot-scale furnace under various
sets of operating conditions; a study of the DRE of one
compound as conditions were varied; and finally, a
study of DRE's of several compounds burned simulta-
neously (a composite 'soup').
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Thermal destruc-
tion, Detoxification, Incineration, Cofires, Industrial
wastes, Sewage treatment, Water pollution control
PB85-242279/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Manual of Individual Water Supply Systems.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Oct 82, 159p EPA/570/9-82/0884
See also PB-258 402.
The Manual was prepared for the individual or institu-
tion faced with the need to provide drinking water on
an individual basis as opposed to a municipal water
supply system. It is our hope that the manual will be
useful to Federal Agencies concerned with the devel-
opment of individual water supplies, and to State and
local health departments, well drillers, contractors, and
individual homeowners as well as to owners and oper-
ators of private and public institutions.
Keywords: "Water wells, "Water supply, Manuals, Well
logging, Water treatment, Ground water, Surface
waters, Drinking water.
PB8S-24229S/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Radiation Data Report 30, April-
June 1982. Quarterly rept.,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
C. M. Petko, H. M. Mardis, and L. Battist. Sep 82,102p
EPA/520/5/6-83/006
See also PB84-104801.
The quarterly report contains data from the Environ-
mental Radiation Ambient Monitoring System
(ERAMS), and similar networks operated by contribut-
ing States, Canada, Mexico, and the Pan American
Health Organization are reported in (ERD) when avail-
able. The ERAMS is comprised of nationwide sampling
stations that provide air, surface, and drinking water
and milk samples from which environmental radiation
levels are derived. The radiation analyses performed
on these samples include gross alpha and gross beta
levels, gamma analyses for Lission products and spe-
cific analyses for uranium, plutonium, strontium, iodine,
radium, krypton and tritium.
Keywords: "Radioactivity, Radioactive contaminants,
Airborne wastes, Surface waters, Potable water, Milk,
Tritium, Tables(Data), Uranium 235, Plutonium 238,
Plutonium 239, Strontium 90, Iodine 131, Krypton 85,
Fission products, Radon 222, Strontium 89, Radium
226, Uranium 234, Uranium 238, Radiation monitoring.
PB85-242337/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of the Resistance of a Chlorinated Pol-
yethylene Protective Garment Material to Perme-
ation and Degradation by Liquid Chemicals,
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
J. Meade, W. Ellis, and J. Ludington. Jul 85,69p EPA/
600/2-85/084
Contract EPA-68-03-3113
The objectives of the project was to investigate exist-
ing permeation and degradation resistance data for
chlorinated polyethylene (CPE); to develop a laborato-
ry test plan consistent with American Society for Test-
ing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Test Methods
F739-81 and D471-79 regarding permeation, solubility,
swelling, and degradation of CPE fabric by test chemi-
cals; and to obtain laboratory test data for chemical
and CPE combinations of interest for which only limit-
ed or questionable permeation and degradation resist-
ance data exist. Ten liquid chemicals (acetic acid,
acetic anhydride, acetone, bis(2-chloroethyl)ether,
carbon tetrachloride, ethylene diamine, isopropyl alco-
hol, N-nitrosodimethylamine, phenol, and o-xylene)
were tested to determine permeation rates, break-
through times, and swelling when contacted with 20
mil thick CPE. Mean permeation breakthrough times
ranged from 15 minutes to over 8 hours.
Keywords: "Protective clothing, "Polyethylene plas-
tics, Fire resistant coatings, Polymers, Resistance,
Permeation, Degradation, Chemical compounds,
Chlorinated polyethylene.
PB85-242436/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs-Las Vegas Facility, NV.
Element Pattern Measurements on FM Antennas.
Final rept.
Micro Communications, Inc., Manchester, NH,
Jun 85, 331 p REPT-1310, EPA/520/6-85/017
Contract EPA-68-03-3054
The report contains data obtained from measurements
of the elevation radiation patterns of five commcerical
FM radio broadcast antenna elements. Pattern meas-
urements were performed with the elements support-
ed by a dielectric mast and when mounted on a section
of triangular tower. Measurements were accomplished
for the elevation plane throughout 360 degrees of ele-
vation and at azimuthal angles separated by 45 de-
grees to fully characterize tne effect of the tower on
the elevation plane pattern.
Keywords: "Antenna radiation patterns, Measurement,
Frequency modulation, Antennas, Radio broadcasting.
PB85-242477/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Interim Procedures for Evaluating Air Quality
Models: Experience with Implementation.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park. NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Jul 85,108p EPA/450/4-85/006
See also PB85-106060.
The report summarizes and intercompares the details
of five major regulatory cases for which guidance pro-
vided in the 'Interim Procedures for Evaluating Air
Quality Models' was implemented in evaluating candi-
date models. In two of the cases the evaluations have
been completed and the appropriate model has been
determined. In three cases the data base collection
and/or the final analysis has not yet been completed
The purpose of the report is to provide potential users
of the Interim Procedures with a description and analy-
sis of several applications that have taken place. With
this information in mind the user should be able to: (1)
more effectively implement the procedures since
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
some of the pitfalls experienced by the initial pioneers
can now be avoided; and (2) design innovative techni-
cal criteria and statistical techniques that will advance
the state of the science of model evaluation.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, Per-
formance evaluation. Standards, Comparison, 'Air
quality.
PB85-242S19/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Field Agricultural Runoff Monitoring (Farm)
Manual. Final rept. Sep 83-Apr 85,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
C. N. Smith, D. S. Brown, J. D. Dean, R. S. Parrish, and
R. F. Carsel. Jun 85, 351 p EPA/600/3-85/043
Prepared in cooperation with Anderson-Nichols and
Co., Inc., Palo Alto, CA„ and Computer Sciences
Corp., Athens, GA.
A field monitoring protocol was developed to provide
comprehensive guidelines for developing pesticide
runoff data bases for use in conducting environmental
exposure assessments as part of the registration proc-
ess conducted by EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs.
These data bases must be carefully planned to insure
that important measurements are made and that both
appropriate quality and quantity data are obtained for a
representative agronomic location and management
scenario. Detailed guidance is provided, therefore, on
site selection, experimental design, data requirements,
sampling procedures, equipment, quality assurance
planning, data base management, data analysis, and
exposure assessment modeling.
Keywords: 'Farms, 'Runoff, "Water pollution, 'Pesti-
cides, Monitoring, Field tests, Assessments, Sites, Ex-
perimental design, Exposure, Manuals.
PB85-242527/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Investigation on the Potential Environmental Haz-
ards of Pestlcidal Viruses. 1. Molecular Biology of
'Spodoptera frugiperda' Nuclear Polyhedroals
Virsus. 2. Lack of Evidence for Possible Environ-
mental Hazards,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Medi-
cine.
E. S. Huang, L. Loh, Y. M. Wu, and E. C. Mar. Jul 85,
64p* EPA/600/1-85/018
Grant EPA-R-806210
Due to the environmental and ecological effects of
toxic chemical pesticides, the usage of insect viruses
have been considered as one of the alternatives for
the control of agriculture insect pests. In fact in the
past 3 decades, several baculoviruses have been used
as viral pesticides for pest control. It has not been
demonstrated to be hazardous to non-target orga-
nisms using the classical infectivity and morphological
alteration as measuring factors. In this research
project, the authors have further used molecular bio-
logical approaches to characterize the molecular
structure of one of the insect viruses to investigate and
elucidate the possible pathogenicity and oncogenicity
of pesticidal viruses to human and other mammals at
in vitro level. The authors' study suggests that the pes-
ticidal virus Spodoptera Frugiperda (SF) can not pro-
ductively infect human fibroblast or HEP-2 cell lines
and can not induce morphological transformation of
human fibroblast.
Keywords: 'Viruses, 'Hazards, 'Pesticides, Environ-
ments, Baculoviruses, Insects, Molecular biology, In
vitro analysis, 'Biological pest control. Pest control,
Toxic substances, Spodoptera frugiperda.
PB85-242535/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Pollutant Sorption to Soils and Sediments In Or-
ganic/Aqueous Solvent Systems,
Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA. Dept. of Civil
Engineering.
J. K. Fu, and R. G. Luthy. Aug 85, 246p EPA/600/3-
85/050
Grant EPA-R-810878
See also PB80-189574.
The solubility and sorption properties of aromatic so-
lutes in aqueous systems containing polar organic sol-
vents were investigated. The work addressed the situ-
ation in which the release of hydrophobic organic con-
taminants as a result of a spill or accidental discharge
may be accompanied by the release of water-soluble
organic solvents. The investigation examined the ef-
fects of a polar solvent in water on the solubility of rela-
tively hydrophobic solutes and the effect of polar sol-
vent-water mixtures on sorption of organic solutes
onto soil. The results are interpreted by means of
chemical thermodynamic models to predict solubility in
water/solvent systems and by semi-empirical models
to correlate reduction in sorption characteristics with
increase in solubility.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Sediments, 'Aromatic
compounds, 'Soil analysis. Water pollution, Adsorp-
tion, Nitrogen organic compounds, 'Water pollution
detection, Anthroic acids, Naphthols.
PB85-242618/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Assessment of Human Health Risk from Ingesting
Fish and Crabs from Commencement Bay. Final
rept.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Mar 85,60p EPA/910/9-85/129
Contract EPA-68-03-3149
See also PB85-242626. Prepared in cooperation with
Washington State Dept. of Ecology, Olympia.
The purpose of the document is to quantify the level of
individual risk that may be experienced by persons
eating fish and crabs from Commencement Bay. This
risk assessment is based on a large volume of moni-
toring data generated during the summer and fall of
1984 by the Washington State Department of Ecology
and its consultants. This effort is hampered by an in-
ability of today's scientific instrumentation to detect
very low levels of pollutants, and a basic lack of data
on the predictable human health effects of exposure to
pollutants. This risk assessment is based on the best
available data and utilizes state-of-the-art monitoring
data and risk analysis techniques. It is not, however, a
perfect representation of the potential effects of eating
Commencement Bay fish, because of the limitations
discussed above. It is designed to err on the conserva-
tive side of protecting health in the Tacoma area.
Keywords: 'Food consumption, 'Seafood, 'Com-
mencement Bay, Fishes, Crabs, Washington(State),
Puget Sound, Risk, Public health, Assessments,
Humans, Ingestion(Biology), 'Health risks, Water pol-
lution effects(Humans).
PB85-242626/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Assessment of Human Heslth Risk from Ingesting
Fish and Crabs from Commencement Bay: Appen-
dices. Final rept.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Mar 85,313p EPA/910/9-85/129A
Contract EPA-68-03-3149
See also PB85-242618. Prepared in cooperation with
Washington State Dept. of Ecology, Olympia.
The purpose of this document is to quantify the level of
individual risk that may be experienced by persons
eating fish and crabs from Commencement Bay. This
risk assessment is based on a large volume of moni-
toring data generated during the summer and fall of
1984 by the Washington State Department of Ecology
and its consultants. This effort is hampered by an in-
ability of today's scientific instrumentation to detect
very low levels of pollutants, and a basic lack of data
on the predictable human health effects of exposure to
pollutants. This risk assessment is based on the best
available data and utilizes state-of-the-art monitoring
data and risk analysis techniques. It is not, however, a
perfect representation of the potential effects of eating
Commencement Bay fish, because of the limitations
discussed above. It is designed to err on the conserva-
tive side of protecting health in the Tacoma area.
Keywords: 'Food consumption, 'Seafood, 'Com-
mencement Bay, Fishes, Crabs, Washington(State),
Puget Sound, Risk, Public health, Assessments,
Humans, Ingestion(Biology), Tables(Data), 'Health
risks, Water pollution effects(Humans).
PB85-242667/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Development of Statistical Distributions or
Ranges of Standard Factors Used in Exposure
Assessments. Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Chapel Hill, NC. GCA Technology Div.
E. Anderson, N. Browne, S. Duletsky, J. Ramig, and T.
Warn. Aug 85,183p EPA/600/8-85/010
Contracts EPA-68-01-6775, EPA-68-02-3997
The document is intended to support EPA's Exposure
Assessment Guidelines by providing data and informa-
tion on standard factors that are used to calculate
human exposure to toxic substances. Statistical distri-
butions or ranges of values were developed for body
weight, skin surface area, and ventilation rates. Per-
centile distributions of body weight were computed
from the Second National Health and Nutrition Exami-
nation Survey (NHANES II) data base using a comput-
er program that performs variance estimation of mul-
tistage sample data using the Jack-knife Repeated
Replicate approach. Distributions of skin surface areas
were similarly calculated from NHANES height and
weight data by applying regression equations that
were either located in the literature or were developed
by multi-variate analysis of available measurements.
Insufficient data precluded the development of distri-
butions of ventilation rates. Minimum, maximum, and
mean values of minute ventilation at three activity
levels were calculated from available measurements.
Activity pattern information is presented to permit the
calculation of time-weighted average ventilation rates.
Keywords: 'Exposure, 'Public health, 'Standards,
Body weight, Ventilation, Statistical data, Charts, Sur-
faces, Air pollution, Skin(Anatomy), 'Toxic sub-
stances, "Air pollution effect(Humans), 'Indoor air pol-
lution.
PB85-242790/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Evaluation of Methods for Analysis of Human Fat,
Skin, Nails, Hair, Blood and Urine,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
L. Sheldon, M. Umana, J. Bursey, W. Gutknecht, and
R. Handy. Aug 85, 366p EPA/600/8-85/018
Contract EPA-68-03-3149
The research program surveyed and evaluated the
methods and procedures to identify and quantitate
chemical constituents in human tissues and fluids in-
cluding fat, skin, nails, hair, blood, and urine. These
methods have been evaluated to determine their ease
and rapidity, as well as cost, accuracy, and precision.
During this evaluation, a second goal was to determine
the feasibility of correlating a preferred method with a
specific tissue/fluid and with easily identifiable chemi-
cal characteristics, such as octanol-water partition co-
efficient, water solubility, vapor pressure, etc. Because
of these goals, the search strategy, as well as the liter-
ature evaluation focussed on analytical methods. The
literature search was restricted to lists of chemicals of
current interest to the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, to references cited in 'Chemicals Identified in
Human Biological Media, A Data Base,' and the
'Chemical Abstract Data Base'.
Keywords: 'Bioassay, "Chemical analysis, 'Public
health, 'Industrial hygiene, "Environmental surveys,
'Body fluids, Tissues(Biology), Exposure, Industrial
wastes, Concentration(Composition), Risk, Hazardous
materials, Feasibility, Sampling, "Occupational safety
and health, "Biological monitoring, 'Toxic substances,
'Indoor air pollution, 'Air pollution effects(Humans),
Procedures.
PB85-242824/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Tin Distribution in Adult and Neonatal Rat Brain
Following Exposure to Triethyltin. Journal article.
North Carolina Univ., Chapel Hill.
L. L. Cook, K. S. Jacobs, and L. W. Reiter. 1984,9p
EPA/600/J-84/329
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 72, n1
p75-81 Jan 84.
The uptake, distribution and elimination of tin were de-
termined in adult and neonatal (Postnatal Day 5) rat
brain following IP administration of triethyltin bromide
(TET). Groups of 5 adult CD rats were sacrificed at 10
min, 1 hr, 4 hr, 24 hr, 5 d, or 10 d following acute expo-
sure to 6.0 mg/kg TET; an additional group of adult
animals was sacrificed at 24 hr following exposure to
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
either 3.0, 6.0 or 9.0 mg/kg (N = 5/dosage). The time
course for tin distribution in 5 day-old rat pups was de-
termined by sacrificing pups 10 min, 30 min, 1 hr, 4 hr,
8 hr, 12 hr, 24 hr, 5 d, 10 d, or 22 d following exposure
to either 3.0 or 6.0 mg/kg TET (N = 4/dosage/time).
Tin analyses were performed by flameless atomic ab-
sorption spectrophotometry.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Rats, Brain, Exposure, Re-
prints, *Tin/triethyl.
PB85-242832/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Pre- and Postweanlng Indices of Neureotoxicity In
Rats: Effects of Triethyltin (TET). Journal article,
North Carolina Univ., Chapel Hill.
D. B. Miller. 1984, 7p EPA/600/J-84/327
Grant EPA-R-809644
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 72, n3
P557-565 Mar 84.
Pre- and postweaning measures of learning and loco-
motor activity were used as indices of CNS function
after early perinatal neurotoxic insult. Triethyltin admin-
istered on Postnatal Dat 5 (PND5) was used as the
neurotoxicant. Learning deficits and alterations in loco-
motor activity were observed during both the pre- and
postweaning periods. Preweaning learning ability was
evaluated with an appetitive alleyway paradigm, while
an automated radial-arm maze (RAM) was used to
assess juvenile learning. Preweaning open-field loco-
motion was evaluated in the presence and absence of
home-cage litter while postweaning activity was meas-
ured in an automated device, the Motron, or as a com-
ponent of performance in the RAM.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Rats, Laboratory animals, Re-
prints, "Neurotoxicity, "Tin/triethyl, Locomotor activity.
PB85-242865/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH,
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Enhanced COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) Re-
moval from Pharmaceutical Wastewater Using
Powdered Activated Carbon Addition to an Acti-
vated Sludge System,
Rexnord, Inc., Milwaukee, Wl. EnviroEnergy Technolo-
gy Center.
D. Osantowski, C. R. Dempsey, and K. A. Dostal. Jul
85, 21 p EPA/600/D-85/153
Contracts EPA-68-02-3928, EPA-68-01-6675
Wastewater generated by the pharmaceutical manu-
facturing point source Sub-categories A (Fermentation
Products) and C (Chemical Synthesis Products) are
characterized by high COD concentrations (10,000
mg/l and higher). Plants in these subcategories typi-
cally employ secondary treatment to meet best practi-
cable control technology currently available (BPT).
However, COD levels in the effluent discharge usually
remain quite high. The objective of the project was to
demonstrate, through a continuous pilot plant study,
the capability of powdered activated carbon technolo-
gy to achieve additional COD reductions from pharma-
ceutical plant wastewater which has been treated bio-
logically. Powdered activated carbon dosages of 208,
496, 327 and 1,520 mg/l were investigated. The paper
will discuss these results as well as other important
findings from the industrial wastewater research
project.
Keywords: "Drugs, "Industries, "Activated carbon
treatment, "Industrial waste treatment, Waste water,
Fermentation, Chemical reactions, Synthesis, Dosage,
Pilot plants, Reduction, Pharmaceutical industry, Point
sources, "Carbon oxygen demand, Beat practical
technology, Secondary treatment.
PB85-243103/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park NC Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Economics of Nitrogen Oxides, Sulfur Oxides, and
Ash Control Systems for Coal-Fired Utility Power
Plants. Final rept. Jan 81-Jan 85,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Div. of
Energy Demonstrations and Technology.
J D. Maxwell, and L. R. Humphries. Feb 85, 303p
EPA/600/7-85/006
The report gives results of an EPA-sponsored eco-
nomic evaluation of three processes to reduce NOx
S02, and ash emissions from coal-fired utility power
plants: one based on 3.5% sulfur eastern bituminous
coal; and the other, on 0.7% sulfur western subbitu-
minous coal. NOx control is based on an 80% reduc-
tion from current new source performance standards
(NSPS); S02 and fly ash control are based on meeting
the current NSPS. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
is used for NOx control with both coals. Limestone
scrubbing and a cold-side electrostatic precipitator
(ESP) are used with the 3.5% sulfur coal. Lime spray
dryer flue gas desulfurization (FGD) and a baghouse
for particulate collection are used with one 0.7% sulfur
coal; ancf limestone scrubbing and a hot-side ESP, with
the other. The economics consist of detailed break-
downs of the capital investments and annual revenue
requirements. The 3.5% sulfur coal case is highest be-
cause of the higher S02 control costs. The case with
the spray dryer and baghouse is marginally lower in
cost than that with limestone scrubbing and hot-side
ESP. Costs for NOx control are 25 to 50% of the total
costs.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Nitrogen
oxides, "Sulfur oxides, "Fly ash, "Economic analysis.
Electric power plants, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Electrostatic precipitators, Particles, Capital-
ized costs, Catalysis, Flue gases, "Coal fired power
plants, "Air pollution economics, New source perform-
ance standards, Baghouses, Limestone scrubbing,
Flue gas desulfurization.
PB85-243111/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Shawnee Flue Gas Desulfurization Computer
Model Users Manual. Final rept. Oct 81-Jan 85,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Div. of
Energy Demonstrations and Technology.
F. A, Sudhoff, and R. L. Torstrick. Mar 85,260p EPA/
600/8-85/006
See also PB84-133644.
The manual describes a Shawnee flue gas desulfuriza-
tion (FGD) computer model and gives detailed instruc-
tions for its use. The model, jointly developed by Bech-
tel National, Inc. and TVA (in conjunction with the EPA-
sponsored Shawnee test program), is capable of pro-
jecting preliminary design and economics for lime- and
limestone-scrubbing FGD systems, including spray
tower, turbulent contact absorber (TCA), and venturi/
spray-tower scrubbing options. It may be used to
project the effect on system design and economics of
variations in required S02 removal, scrubber operating
parameters (gas velocity, liquid/gas ratio, alkali stoi-
chiometry, and liquor holdtime in slurry recirculation
tanks), reheat temperature, and scrubber bypass. It
may also be used to evaluate alternative waste dispos-
al methods or additives (MgO or adipic acid) on costs
for the selected process. Although the model is not in-
tended to project the economics of an individual
system to a high degree of accuracy, it allows prospec-
tive users to quickly project comparative design and
costs for limestone and lime case variations on a
common design and cost basis.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Econom-
ic analysis, "Calcium oxides, Substitutes, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Adipic acid, Scrubbers,
Flue gases, "Limestone scrubbing, Flue gas desulfuri-
zation.
PB85-243129/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Interactions of Chlorine-Produced Oxidants (CPO)
and Salinity In Affecting Lethal and Sublethal Ef-
fects in the Eastern or American Oyster, 'Cras-
sostrea vlrglnlca' (GMELIN), Infected with the Pro-
tistan Parasite, 'Perkinsus marinus',
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
G. I. Scott, D. P. Middaugh, and T. I. Sammons. Aug
85, 28p EPA/600/D-85/196
Exposure of oysters, infected with the protistan para-
site, Perkinsus marinus, to high salinity and high salini-
ty, chlorine-produced oxidants (CPO) conditions was
quite toxic. The combination of high salinity and CPO
exposure generally increased toxicity above levels
measured in high salinity controls and was generally
correlated with parasitism by the protistan parasite, P.
marinus. Low salinity and the combination of low salini-
ty and CPO exposure resulted in a significant reduction
in P. marinus related oyster mortalities. Low salinity,
CPO exposure reduced oyster mortalities from P. mar-
inus infections by as much as 56%.
Keywords: "Salinity, "Oysters, "Parasites, "Toxicity,
Water pollution, Exposure, Oxidants, Chlorine, Mortali-
ty, Reduction, Disinfection, Water supply, Coliform
bacteria, "Crassostrea virginica, 'Perkinsus marinas.
PB85-243137/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Associations between Physiological Alterations
and Population Changes in an Estuarine Mysid
during Chronic Exposure to a Pesticide,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
C. L. McKenney. Jul 85, 25p EPA/600/D-85/167
A number of vital life processes of an estuarine mysid
(Mysidopsis bahia) were examined throughout its life
cycle during exposure to the thiocarbamate herbicide,
thiobencarb. Initial exposure of juvenile mysids to thio-
bencarb resulted in elevated respiration rates. Con-
centrations of thiobencarb that produced significant
reductions in population survival through a complete
life cycle (in approximately 24 days) significantly stimu-
lated respiration rates of juveniles after only 4 days of
exposure. Increased metabolic demands with suble-
thal thiobencarb exposure reduced the amount of as-
similated energy available for production of new tissue
by juvenile mysids, resulting in retarded juvenile
growth rates. Higher 0:N ratios during the maturation
of thiobencarb-exposed mysids suggest a greater reli-
ance on the more energy-rich lipid substrates in order
to support the elevated rates of oxidative metabolism,
resulting in less lipid material being available for
gamete production.
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Toxicology, "Herbicides, Ex-
posure, Survival, "Thiobencarb, Mysidopsis bahia,
Mysids, "Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB85-243145/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Hanford 1964 Atmospheric Boundary Layer Ex-
periment: Mlcrometeorological and Tracer Data
Archive. Set 002 Documentation Report. Final
rept.,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
C. S. Glantz, R. K. Woodruff, and J. G. Droppo. Aug 85,
25p EPA/600/3-85/055
Contract EPA-68-02-4063
See also PB85-235216.
An archive for micrometeorological and tracer disper-
sion data has been developed by Battelle, Pacific
Northwest Laboratories for the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. The archive is designed to make
the results of extensive field tests readily accessible to
EPA for model testing, development, and verification
efforts. This report provides documentation for one of
the archived data sets, the Hanford 1964 Atmospheric
Dispersion Experiment. The aim of this effort is to ar-
chive invaluable data sets in a timely fashion before
the necessary supporting information about the data
becomes lost forever. The entries in this documenta-
tion report are as follows: data set fact summary, a nar-
rative description of experiment and data, special in-
formation, references, a description of archive data
files, contacts (names, addresses, and phone num-
bers) and standard experiment summary table.
Keywords: "Mathematical models, "Boundary layer,
'Air pollution, "Information systems, Field tests, Mete-
orology, Experimental design, Performance evalua-
tion, Design criteria, "Tracer studies, "Atmospheric
dispersion.
PB85-243152/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Minnesota 1973 Atmospheric Boundary Layer Ex-
periment: Micrometeorological and Tracer Data
Archive. Set 001 Documentation Report Final
rept.,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
R. K. Woodruff, J. S. Droppo, and C. S. Glantz. Aug 85
22p EPA/600/3-85/054	'
Contract EPA-68-02-4063
See also AD-A023 593.
An archive for micrometeorological and tracer disper-
sion data has been developed by Battelle, Pacific
Northwest Laboratories for the U.S. Environment Pro-
tection Agency. The archive is designed to make the
results of extensive field tests readily accessible to
EPA for model testing, development, and verification
efforts. The report provides documentation for one of
the archived data sets, the Minnesota 1973 Boundary
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Layer Experiment. The aim of the effort is to archive in-
valuable data sets in a timely fashion before the nec-
essary supporting information about the data becomes
lost forever. The entries in the documentation report
are as follows: data set fact summary, a narrative de-
scription of experiment and data, special information,
references, a description of archive data files, contacts
(names, addresses, and phone numbers) and stand-
ard experiment summary table.
Keywords: "Atmospheric circulation, "Boundary
layers, Minnesota, Experimental design, Meteorology,
Field tests, Mathematical models, Tables(Data), Wind
velocity, Air pollution, Meteorological balloons, "Tracer
studies, "Atmospheric dispersion.
PB85-243160/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Prediction of Selectivity for Activated Carbon Ad-
sorptlon of Trace Organic (Homologue) Contami-
nants. Final rept. Sep 82-Dec 84,
Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, NY,
G. Belfort, C. S. Lee, R. J. Weigand, and D. M.
Neuhaus. Jul 85, 83p EPA/600/2-85/093
Grant EPA-R-809686
Preferential adsorption of organic compounds onto ac-
tivated carbon from dilute aqueous solutions was stud-
ied to develop a comprehensive theoretical basis for
predicting adsorption of multicomponent solutes. The
authors investigated in this research program a com-
parison of different carbons, the adsorption behavior
with variable aqueous solution properties, and the dif-
ference between gas and liquid phase adsorption. The
overall objective was to develop and test the compre-
hensive solvophobic theory. Experimental adsorption
isotherms of a series of alcohols on five different car-
bons were measured and compared. Isotherms were
run for 4-n-propyl phenol at various concentrations of
ammonium sulfate salt and methanol as the additives
to increase or decrease surface tension of solution, re-
spectively. Also, isotherms for three linear carboxylic
acids were measured at different pHs to determine the
effect on adsorption. An experimental-glass vacuum
system has been designed and built to measure ad-
sorption isotherms in the gas phase. A comparison of
measurements of adsorption isotherms for four alco-
hols in the aqueous and gas phases was conducted
and confirmed the theoretical model.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, Adsorption, Selectiv-
ity, Prediction, Contaminants, "Granular activated
carbon treatment, "Waste recycling, Solid wastes.
PB85-243178/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Pilot Study for Removal of Arsenic from Drinking
Water at the Fallon, Nevada Naval Air Station.
Final rept. 1981-84,
Rubel and Hager, Inc., Tucson, AZ.
F. Rubel, and S. W. Hathaway. Jul 85,79p EPA/600/
2-85/094
The report presents the results of pilot plant testing of
two treatment methods capable of removing arsenic
from drinking water; activated alumina and ion ex-
change. Using the Naval Air Station (NAS) drinking
water (raw water arsenic concentration = 0.080 -
0.116 mg/l) for evaluating the efficacy of treatment
under several different conditions the activated alumi-
na and ion exchange systems were operated through
three loading and regeneration cycles each. The major
water quality factors affecting the removal of arsenic
by these methods were pH of feed water, arsenic con-
centration, sulfate concentration, and alkalinity. The
report presents estimates of capital and operating
costs using the activated alumina method at optimum
pH (5.5) for each of three small community systems
currently using water from the same aquifer.
Keywords: "Arsenic, "Potable water, "Water pollution
control, "Water treatment, Removal. Ion exchanging.
Activity reagents, Aluminum oxide, Military air facilities.
Concentration(Composition), pH, Alkalinity, Plugging,
Flow rate, Operating costs, "Drinking water, "Small
communities.
PB85-243186/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Chemical and Microbial Aspects of Sludge Com-
posting and Land Application. Final rept. 1 Oct 78-
30 Sep 83,
Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD.
L. J. Sikora, P. D. Millner, and W. D. Burge. Aug 85,
105p EPA/600/2-85/103
See also PB80-199359.
A series of six studies was conducted to evaluate se-
lected microbial and chemical aspects of composting
and sludge spreading. Ammonia (NH3 was shown to
be viricidal at pH 7 to 9). Enzymatic activity was not in-
hibited when well stabilized or composted sludge con-
taining high concentrations of metals and chlorinated
hydrocarbons was added to soils. Nitrogen and phos-
phorus moved down the soil profile where plots were
treated with 100 Mg/ha once or 20 Mg/ha five times.
Laboratory studies of composting showed that con-
trolled aeration to maintain temperatures between 50
and 55C allowed thermophilic decomposition to
remain constant, produced more drying and C02 than
constant aeration composting. Aspergillus fumigatus
and thermophilic actinomycetes, low in non-agricultur-
al sites, are common around composting and crop res-
idues.
Keywords: "Sludge disposal, "Sewage sludge,
Sewage disposal, Aerobic processes, Composts, Cost
estimates, Utilization, Marketing, Technology.
PB85-243277/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Methods for Sampling and Analysis of Breath,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. Umana, M. Warner, and L. S. Sheldon. Aug 85,44p
EPA/600/8-85/019
Contract EPA-68-03-3149
The research program surveyed and evaluated the
methods and procedures used to identify and quanti-
tate chemical constituents in human breath. Methods
have been evaluated to determine their ease and ra-
pidity, as well as cost, accuracy, and precision. During
the evaluation, a second goal was to determine the
feasibility of correlating a preferred method with easily
identifiable chemical and physical characteristics of
the analyte. To accomplish the goals, an extensive lit-
erature review was performed. The information re-
trieved was summarized and classified by sampling
and analysis methodology. The sampling methods
found include apnea collection, breathing value, cryo-
genic trapping, Tenax cartridge and cascade impac-
tors. Analytical methods found are gas chromatogra-
phy, mass spectroscopy and PIXE.
Keywords: "Gas analysis, "Respiration, "Public health,
"Chemical compounds, Air pollution. Feasibility, Sam-
pling, Performance evaluation, Gas chromatography,
Mass spectroscopy, Assessments, Chemical proper-
ties, Physical properties, Cost analysis, Exposure, In-
dustrial hygiene, "Air pollution sampling, "Air pollution
detection, "Air pollution effects(Humans), Biological
monitoring, Photon induced x ray emission analysis.
PB85-243335/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Oil Shale
Research Activities,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
E. R. Bates. Aug 85,12p EPA/600/D-85/185
The paper is an overview of EPA's oil shale research
activities. In spite of substantial cutbacks in the pro-
gram, several new projects should not only be of inter-
est to developers and researchers but also support
future regulatory and permitting decisions by the
Agency. New activities include: evaluation of the po-
tential for using combusted Green River shale to
adsorb S02 as a primaiy sulfur control technology,
preparation of a new Pollution Control Technical
Manual on the Unishale B and C processes, and prep-
aration of two state-of-the-art reports addressing plan-
ning and designs for retorted oil shale disposal and
control of gaseous emissions from retorting. Activities
which have been ongoing for some time include: inves-
tigation of leaching and hydraulic properties of retorted
shales (including co-disposal of wastewater and
shale), field tests of Stretford and caustic scrubbing for
control of H2S in shale offgas, a compilation of avail-
able information on solid waste characteristics for vari-
ous retorting technologies, and assessment of retorted
shale as a liner for retorted shale disposal sites.
Keywords: "Oil shale industry, Research, Sulfur diox-
ide, Leaching, Waste disposal. Hydrogen sulfide. Ex-
haust gases, "Pollution control, "Environmental Pro-
tection Agency.
PB85-243350/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Dermal and Gastrointestinal Absorption of Envi-
ronmental Contaminants,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
P. V. Shah, and F. E. Guthrie. Aug 85, 52p EPA/600/
D-85/187
Contract EPA-68-02-4032
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina State
Univ. at Raleigh.
Hazards from environmental contaminants have
become a necessary part of life in industrial countries.
In the past few decades, a number of 'new' problems
have arisen (termiticide-treated premises, reentry into
pesticide-treated fields, acid rain, aldicarb in ground
water, dioxins in city environs, military use of dioxin-
contaminated herbicides, accidents with PCB's and
PBB's and other persistent chemicals, a large number
of potentially hazardous chemicals in dump sites, and
other problems which have caused public awareness
of environmental contamination. These compounds
are often found in small amounts (parts per billion),
and the potential hazard has often been inadequately
clarified. Although most industrial countries share the
problem with the U.S., this latter country seems espe-
cially vulnerable due both to the sheer quantity of pro-
duction and the lack of proper perspectives and man-
agement following World War II.
Keywords: "Contaminants, "Absorption,
Skin(Anatomy), Gastrointestinal system. In vitro analy-
sis, In vivo analysis.
PB85-243467/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Biological Effects of Electric Fields,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. D. Phillips. Aug 85, 31 p EPA/600/D-85/174
The paper represents a cursory overview of research
concerned with the biological consequences of expo-
sure to extremely-low-frequency radiation. It summa-
rizes epidemiological and clinical studies conducted to
date and a somewhat more extensive examination of
results of studies using experimental animals. In an at-
tempt to help the reader evaluate and interpret those
results, a discussion of current concepts on possible
mechanisms and future directions of research are pre-
sented.
Keywords: "Radiation effects, "Electric fields, Physio-
logical effects, Exposure, Extremely low frequency ra-
diation, Epidemiology, Clinical medicine, "Biological
effects.
PB8S-243533/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Updated Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity As-
sessment of Cadmium: Addendum to the Health
Assessment Document for Cadmium. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Jun 85,206p* EPA/600/8-83/025F
See also PB82-115163.
The document evaluates the mutagenicity and car-
cinogenicity of cadmium, supplementing an earlier
document (Health Assessment Document for Cadmi-
um, May 1981) which dealt with all health effects.
Since the earlier document was prepared, a rat inhala-
tion carcinogenicity study has been reported and sev-
eral epidemiology and mutagenicity papers have been
published. This document concludes that: (1) there is
mixed evidence on the mutagenicity of various cadmi-
um salts; (2) cadmium chloride aerosol induces lung
cancer in rats; (3) injected cadmium salts induce injec-
tion site sarcomas and testicular tumors in both mice
and rats; (4) there is limited epidemiologic evidence
that inhaled cadmium is dose-related to lung cancer in
exposed workers; (5) there is no evidence that cadmi-
um is carcinogenic via ingestion, which is a major route
of human exposure, and the upper limit of potency via
ingestion is at least 100 times less than via inhalation.
Keywords: "Cadmium, "Toxicology, Assessments,
Public health, Risk, Exposure, Metals, Smoking, Food,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Concentrations(Compositions), Physiological effects,
Environmental health, Heavy metals. Cigarette smok-
ing, Bioaccumulation, "Toxic substances, Health risks.
PB85-243699/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Low NOx Combustion Systems with S02 Control
Using Limestone,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
D. C. Drehmel, G. B. Martin, J. O. Milliken, and J, H.
Abbott. Jul 85, 20p EPA/600/D-85/154
The paper describes EPA work on low NOx combus-
tion systems with S02 control using limestone. Al-
though S02 control in low NOx systems for both
stoker and pulverized-coal-fired furnaces is under in-
vestigation at EPA, most of the current work is with pul-
verized coal. EPA's Limestone Injection Multistage
Burners (LIMB) program is an effort to develop an ef-
fective but inexpensive emission control technology
for pulverized-coal boilers that will simultaneously
remove SOx and NOx from boiler flue gases. The tech-
nology is based on the use of low NOx combustion
techniques in combination with dry limestone injection
into the furnace (combustion chamber) for simultane-
ous SOx control. The program goal is to develop the
technology to obtain substantial reductions in SOx and
NOx emissions for a capital investment cost of 30-40
$/kW - less than 20% of the capital cost of conven-
tional flue gas desulfurization systems.
Keywords: 'Burners, 'Sulfur dioxide, Experimental
design, Nitrogen oxides, Coal, Combustion products,
Flue gases, "Air pollution control, "Limestone injection
multistage burners, "Distributed mixing.
PB85-243723/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Nervous-System Specific Proteins as Biochemical
Indicators of Neurotoxicity. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. P. O'Callaghan, and D. B. Miller. 1983, 5p EPA/600/
J-83/311
Pub. in Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 4, n9
p388-390 Sep 83.
Recent advances in neuroimmunology and protein pu-
rification methodology have led to the identification of
nervous-system specific proteins. Their intimate rela-
tionship to the cellular and functional heterogeneity of
the nervous system, makes these proteins ideal bio-
chemical markers for the detection and characteriza-
tion of neurotoxicity.
Keywords: "Nervous system, "Chemical indicators,
"Toxicology, Proteins, Reprints, "Neurotoxicology.
PB85-243731/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Summary Report on Corroslvlty Studies in Coin-
cineratlori of Sewage Sludge and Solid Waste.
Rapt, for Nov 77-Nov 78,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
H. H. Krause, P. W. Cover, and W. E. Berry. Aug 85,
53p EPA/600/2-85/099
Grant EPA-R-804008
Corrosion probe exposures were conducted in the
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Incinerator to determine the
effects of burning low-chloride sewage sludge with mu-
nicipal refuse. Probes having controlled temperature
gradients were used to measure corrosion rates for ex-
posure times up to 816 hours. The effects of exposure
time, metal temperature, and gas temperature were
studied. The results demonstrated that the addition of
the sludge reduced the initial corrosion rates of carbon
and low-alloy steels to about half of that from refuse
alone. Little effect was observed on the rates for
Types 310 and 347 stainless steels. An aluminized
coating on steel resisted corrosion effectively and
offers promise as a cost-effective substitute for expen-
sive alloys. In the range 260-482C (500-900F), corro-
sion rates were significantly reduced and were less de-
pendent on metal temperature. The addition of sludge
to refuse is recommended as a corrosion prevention
measure and a waste disposal technique.
Keywords: "Corrosion, Sludge disposal, Sewage, Cor-
rosion prevention, Protective coatings, Stainless
steels, 'Incineration, 'Solid waste disposal, Sludges,
Steel 310, Steel 347.
PB85-243822/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Development of the Industrial Combustion Emis-
sions Model for Acid Rain Analyses,
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
VA.
K. F. Held, and J. D. Mobley. Jul 85,16p EPA/600/D-
85/152
Contract EPA-68-02-4202
The paper discusses forecasts of industrial combus-
tion emissions being developed by the U.S. EPA as
part of the National Acid Precipitation Assessment
Program (NAPAP). The Industrial Combustion Emis-
sions (ICE) Model will estimate sulfur dioxide (S02), ni-
trogen oxides (NOx), and primary sulfate emissions
from industrial fossil-fuel-fired boilers. These forecasts
will be generated on a state-level basis. Alternative
pollution control scenarios will be evaluated for reduc-
ing emissions from both existing and new industrial
boilers. The ICE Model also evaluates the selection of
fossil fuels for industrial steam generation. Capital and
operating/maintenance costs for boilers and pollution
control equipment, plus the costs of alternative fuel
types, are used in selecting the fuel type for individual
industrial boilers. Since emission rates vary significant-
ly between coals, residual fuel oils, and natural gas,
the fuel choice decision is a critical factor in estimating
aggregate levels of S02, NOx, and primary sulfates.
Keywords: "Rainfall, 'Acidity, 'Stream pollution, pH,
Models, Combustion, Fossil fuels, Boilers, Sulfur diox-
ide, Nitrogen oxides, Pollution control.
PB85-243848/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Windbreak Effectiveness for Storage-Pile Fugi-
tive-Dust Control: A Wind Tunnel Study,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. Dept. of Marine,
Earth and Atmospheric Sciences.
B. J. Billman, and S. P. S. Arya. Jul 85,110p EPA/600/
3-85/059
See also PB-283 162.
Results of wind-tunnel experiments to determine the
optimal size and location of porous windbreaks for
controlling fugitive-dust emissions from storage piles
in a simulated neutral atmospheric boundary layer are
presented. Straight sections of windbreak material
were placed upwind of two non-erodible, typically
shaped piles and were also placed on the top of one of
the piles. Wind speed, measured near the pile surface
at various locations with heated thermistors, was iso-
lated here as the primary factor affecting particle
uptake. Wind speed distributions about the piles in the
absence of any windbreak and the flow structure
downwind of a three-dimensional porous windbreak
are presented. Relative wind speed reduction factors
are described and efficiencies based on the relation-
ship between wind speed and particle uptake are
given.
Keywords: 'Windbreaks, "Dust control, Bulk storage,
Stockpiles, Effectiveness, Air pollution control.
PB8S-243913	Not available NTIS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Virus Persistence In Groundwater. Journal article,
Arizona Univ., Tucson. Dept. of Microbiology and Im-
munology.
M. V. Yates, C. P. Gerba. and L. M. Kelly. C1985, 5p
EPA/600/J-85/098
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v49
n4p778-781 Apr 85.
The purpose of the study was to determine whether
measurable chemical and physical factors correlate
with virus survival in groundwater. Groundwater sam-
ples were obtained from 11 sites throughout the
United States. Water temperature was measured at
the time of collection. Several physical and chemical
characteristics, including pH, nitrates, turbidity, and
hardness, were determined for each sample. Separate
water samples were inoculated with each of three vi-
ruses (poliovirus 1, echovirus 1, and MS-2 coliphage)
and incubated at the in situ groundwater temperature:
selected samples were also incubated at other tem-
peratures. Assays were performed at predetermined
intervals over a 30 day period to determine the number
of infective viruses remaining. Multiple regression
analysis revealed that temperature was the only vari-
able significantly correlated with the decay rates of all
three viruses. No significant differences were found
among the decay rates of the three viruses, an indica-
tion that MS-2 coliphage might be used as a model of
animal virus survival in groundwater.
Keywords. "Viruses, "Ground water, "Water pollution.
Chemical properties, Physical properties, Reprints.
PB85-243921	Not available NTIS
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Kinetics of the Reactions of Naphthalene and Bi-
phenyl with OH Radicals and with 03 at 294 + or -
1 K. Journal article,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
R. Atkinson, S. M. Aschmann, and J. N. Pitts. C1984,
5p EPA/600/J-84/325
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology 18, n2
p110-113 1984.
Naphthalene and biphenyl are the simplest members
of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the poly-
phenyls, respectively. In addition, biphenyl is the
parent compound of the chlorine and bromine substi-
tuted biphenyls. However, these bicyclic aromatics are
of a sufficiently low volatility to make experimental
measurements of their gas phase reactions and at-
mospheric lifetimes and fates difficult. In this work rate
constants for the gas phase reactions of OH radicals
and 03 with naphthalene and biphenyl have been de-
termined under atmospheric conditions at 294 + or -1
K. These data are discussed in terms of the environ-
mental lifetimes for these aromatic hydrocarbons and
available techniques for the study of the gas phase re-
actions of low volatility organics are discussed.
Keywords: 'Reaction kinetics, "Naphthalene, 'Bi-
phenyl, "Ozone, 'Air pollution, Oxidation, Aromatic po-
lycyclic hydrocarbons, Vapor phases, Photolysis,
Combustion products. Reprints, 'Hydroxyl radicals,
*Polybrominated biphenyls, "Polychlorinated biphen-
yls, "Atmospheric chemistry, Chemical reaction mech-
anisms.
PB85-243939	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Transformations of Tetrachloroethene and Trlch-
loroethene In Microcosms and Groundwater. Jour-
nal article,
Florida International Univ., Miami. Drinking Water Re-
search Center.
F. Parsons, P. R. Wood, and J. DeMarco. c1984,6p
EPA/600/J-84/324
Pub in Jnl. American Water Works Association 76, n2
p56-59 Feb 84.
Cis- and trans-1,2-dichloroethane were found in well
water at a site contaminated with trichloroethene from
a leaking storage tank, although neither compound
was used in the vicinity nor was present as an impurity
in the trichloroethene in the storage tank. The use of
tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene in dry cleaning
and metal refinishing plants is widespread. Several
chloroethene compounds that are found in southern
Florida groundwater may have been formed from
these solvents via microbial metabolism in the ground-
water environment. In the study, depletion of tetrach-
loroethene and appearance of cis- and trans-1,2-dich-
loroethene and chloroethene were observed following
incubation of tetrachloroethene in microcosms con-
taining muck from the aquifer recharge basin.
Keywords: "Ground water, 'Solvents, "Potable water,
"Water treatment, "Water pollution control, Dry clean-
ing, Metal finishing, Leakage, Storage tanks, Aquifers,
Sediments, Molecular structures, Reprints, 'Ethene/
tetrachloro, "Ethene/trichloro, "Microcosms.
PB85-2439S4	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianole
Park, NC.
Distribution and Binding of (sup l4C)Acrylamld»
to Macromolecules In SENCAR and BALB/c Mica
Following Oral and Topical Administration. Journal
article,
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN. School of Pharmacy and
Pharmacal Sciences.
G. P. Carlson, and P. M. Weaver. C1985, 8p EPA/600/
J-85/115
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Grant EPA-R-809744
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacotoqy 79, n2
p307-313 Jun 85.
To determine if differences in acrylamide distribution or
binding to DNA could be responsible for the reported
higher incidence of skin papillomas observed after oral
administration compared to topical application, 14C-
acrylamide was administered by topical application
and oral intubation to male SENCAR and BALB/c
mice. Portions of lung, liver, stomach, testes and skin
were removed, and 14C measured at 15 min, 30 min,
1, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours. Binding to DNA, RNA and
protein was measured at 6 and 48 hours. Following
oral administration, few strain differences in distribu-
tion or binding were noted. After topical application,
SENCAR mice generally showed higher tissue levels
than did the BALB/c mice at the early time periods but
not at the later ones. Comparing the two routes, com-
parable levels were observed in all tissues except the
skin where the amount of 14C-acrylamide after topical
application was approximately 100 times that ob-
served after oral administration.
Keywords: 'Drugs, Papillomas, Distribution, Binding,
Skin(Anatomy), Ingestion(Biology), Reprints, "Acryl-
amide.
PB85-243962	Not available NTIS
Monoclonal Antibodies Identify Conserved Epi-
topes on the Polyhedrln of 'Hellothls zea' Nuclear
Polyhedrosls Virus. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Y. S. Huang, P. C. Hu, and C. Y. Kawanishi. C1985,13p
EPA/600/J-85/114
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC., and North Carolina Univ.
at Chapel Hill.
Pub. in Virology 143, p380-391 Jun 85.
Recent advances in monoclonal antibody techniques
have provided an opportunity to simplify the proce-
dures of serological identification of microorganisms.
Because monoclonal antibodies are raised against in-
dividual antigenic determinants (epitopes), they can be
used to screen with great precision for antigenic rela-
tionships with taxonomic-phylogenetic implications.
This approach has been shown to be useful in several
groups of microorganisms including vertebrate viruses
(Lee et al.. 1981) and studies with baculoviruses (Rob-
erts and Naser, 1982; Hohmann and Faulkner, 1983)
indicate good potential. In the report, the authors de-
scribe the production and characterization of 12 anti-
HzSNPV-polyhedrin monoclonal antibodies and the
use of these monoclonal antibodies for serophylogen-
etic studies of a number of baculoviruses of both sub-
group A and B.
Keywords: 'Viruses, Identifying, Serology, Reprints,
'Epitopes, "Heliothis zea, 'Monoclonal antibodies,
Nuclear polyhedrosis virus.
PB8S-243970	Not available NTIS
Model of the Regional Uptake of Gaseous Pollut-
ants In the Lung. 1. The Sensitivity of the Uptake
of Ozone In the Human Lung to Lower Respirato-
ry Tract Secretions and Exercise. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
F. J. Miller, J. H. Overton, R. H. Jaskot, and D. B.
Menzel. C1985,18pEPA/600/J-85/113
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC., and Duke Univ. Medical
Center, Durham, NC.
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 79, n1
p11-27 Jun 85.
A model of the Regional Uptake of Gaseous Pollutants
in the Lung. I. The sensitivity of the Uptake of Ozone in
the Human Lung to Lower Respiratory Tract Secre-
tions and to Exercise. Miller, F.J,, Overton, J.H., Jr.,
Jaskot, R.H., and Menzel, D.B. (1984). Toxicol. Appl,
Pharmacol. An ozone (03) dosimetry model is present-
ed that takes into account convection and diffusion of
03 in the lumen and airspaces of the lower respiratory
tract and transport and chemical reactions in the
mucous and surfactant layers and in the underlying
tissue and capillaries. The model was applied to
human airway morphometry data. Values for the
chemical and physical parameters that define the
liquid tissue and blood compartments were based on
reported experimental data. Simulation results illus-
trate the variability of results due to an uncertainty in
the knowledge of transport parameters, liquid, tissue,
and blood compartment thickness, and chemical reac-
tion rates.
Keywords: "Lung, "Ozone, 'Toxicology, Gases,
Models, Sensitivity, Respiratory system,
Exercise(Physiology), Pathology, Reprints, "Air pollu-
tion effects(Humans).
PB85-243988	Not available NTIS
Inhalation Studies of Mt. St. Helens Volcanic Ash
in Animals: 3. Host Defense Mechanisms. Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
E. C. Grose, M. A. Grady, J. W. Illing, M. J. Daniels, and
M. K. Selgrade. C1985,10p EPA/600/J-85/111
See also PB85-198851. Prepared in cooperation with
Northrop Services, Inc., Durham, NC.
Pub. in Environmental Research 37, n1 p84-92 Jun 85.
The effects of inhalation exposure of mice or rats to
9.4 mg/cu m volcanic ash, 2.5 mg/cu m S02, or both
on host defense mechanisms were assessed.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Volcanic ejecta, 'Mount St.
Helen, Sulfur dioxide, Streptococcus, Defense mecha-
nisms, Mice, Mortality, Reprints, 'Air pollution
effects(Animals), "Inhalation provocation tests, Respi-
ratory tract diseases, Cytological technics.
PB85-243996	Not available NTIS
Assessment of the Male Reproductive System in
the Preweaning Rat Following Mn304 Exposure.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. W. Laskey, G. L. Rehnberg, J. F. Hein, S. C. Laws,
and F. W. Edens. c1985,13p EPA/600/J-85/112
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina State
Univ. at Raleigh. Dept. of Poultry Science.
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health
15, n2 p339-350 Feb 85.
Long-Evans rat pups were dosed orally from birth to 21
days with particulate Mn304 to obtain a daily dose of
0, 71 or 214 micrograms Mn/g BW/d. Assessment of
the hypothalamic, pituitary or testicular functions were
determined by measuring the endogenous or stimulat-
ed serum concentrations of follicle stimulating hor-
mone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (FSH), luteinizing
hormone (LH) and/or testosterone (T) at 21 or 28 days
of age. Body, testes and seminal vesicles weight and
tissue concentrations of Mn treatment effects were
seen in body and testes weights. No effects were seen
either on unstimulated or stimulated FSH or LH serum
concentrations. Although no Mn treatment effects
were seen on endogenous or two hourhCG stimulated
serum T concentrations, there was a reduction in the
serum T following seven days of hCG stimulation. The
hypothalamic Mn concentrations in animals with these
reproductive effects were three times those where al-
terations in the dopaminergic pathway have been re-
ported.
Keywords:	"Manganese	oxides,
"Reproduction(Biology), "Toxicology, Oxides, Rats,
Exposure, Ingestion(Biology), Reprints, Particulates.
PB8S-244002	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Liner Materials Exposed to Municipal Solid Waste
Leachate. Journal article,
Matrecon, Inc., Oakland, CA.
H. E. Haxo, R. M. White, P. D. Haxo, and M. A. Fong.
C1985,16p EPA/600/J-85/097
Contract EPA-68-03-2134
See also PB-299 336.
Pub. in Waste Management and Research 3, nl p4i-
54 Mar 85.
A laboratory study was conducted to determine the po-
tential of various lining materials for controlling the
movement of. leachate from municipal solid waste
(MSW) landfills. In the course of the study, 65 materi-
als were subjected to at least one of seven different
tests in which they were exposed to MSW leachate.
The exposure tests involved placing liner samples in
(1) landfill simulators containing 2.4 m (8 ft) of com-
pacted, shredded refuse, (2) immersion tanks contain-
ing MSW leachate or water, and (3) polybutylene bags
containing deionized water. Materials tested included
four admix materials, two asphaltic membranes, 50
commercial polymeric membranes, and nine miscella-
neous materials. Exposing a wide range of polymeric
membranes to a typical MSW leachate in the landfill
simulators for up to 56 months produced only limited
changes in liner properties. Asphaltic materials did ex-
hibit deficiencies that might affect their serviceability
as linings for MSW waste disposal facilities. The prop-
erties of soil cement tended to improve during expo-
sure.
Keywords: "Lining, "Solid waste disposal, 'Earth fills,
'Materials tests, Leaching, Wear tests, Exposure, Soil
analysis, Polymer films, Membranes, Asphalts, Petro-
leum products, Plastics, Elastomers, Reprints, "Munic-
ipal wastes.
PB85-244135/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Evaluation of Rural Air Quality Simulation Models.
Addendum A: Muskingum River Data Base,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
W. M. Cox, and G. K. Moss. Jun 85,161 p EPA/450/4-
83/003A
See also PB83-182758.
The addendum provides additional information regard-
ing the performance of four rural air quality simulation
models using S02 air quality and a modelers data
base assembled for the Muskingum River Power Plant.
The report contains numerous tabulations of each
model's performance in terms of statistical measures
recommended by the AMS. The four models evaluated
included MPTER (EPA), PPSP (Martin Marietta Corp),
MPSDM (ERT) and TEM-8A (Texas Air Control Board).
Results from the evaluation were similar to those ob-
tained for Clifty Creek, i.e., the models as a group tend
to overpredict 1 -hour averages, overpredict to a lesser
extent 3-hour averages, and slightly underpredict 24-
hour average concentrations.
Keywords: "Electric power plants, 'Air pollution,
'Mathematical models, Rural areas, Sulfur dioxide,
Tables(Data), Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
'Air quality.
PB85-244234/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Summer Internal Phosphorus Supplies in
Shagawa Lake, Minnesota. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. P. Larsen, D. W. Schults, and K. W. Malueg. 1981,
16p EPA/600/J-81/400
Pub. in Limnology and Oceanography 26, n4 p740-753
1981.
Phosphorus budget calculations for Shagawa Lake
show that significant increases in lake P during July
and August 1971-1975 originated from within the lake
basin. Mass increases of 2,000-2,900 kg (35-50 ug/
liter) were measusred, corresponding to internal
supply rates of 240-680 kg/wk over a 3-9 week inter-
val. After anaerobic conditions developed in late June,
release from the profundal zone sediments contribut-
ed significant amounts of P to lake water. Sediment
chemical properties were determined to estimate the
size of the P reservoir in the profundal zone. Although
external sources of phosphorus have been reduced By
about 80% the feedback of P from the sediments is
supporting the productivity of Shagawa Lake and may
continue to do so for many years.
Keywords: "Phosphorus, "Water pollution, "Shagawa
Lake, Sediments, Summer, Chemical properties, An-
aerobic	processes,	Depth,
Concentration(Composition), Biological productivity,
Reprints.
PB85-244242	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Toxicity and Bioaccumulatlon of Cadmium and
Copper as Affected by Humic Add. Journal article,
Miami Univ., Oxford, OH.
R. W. Winner. C1984, 9p EPA/600/J-84/326
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology 5, p267-2741984.
Since humic substances are ubiquitous, but highly vari-
able, components of the chemical matrix of freshwater
ecosystems, and are assumed to affect the toxicity
and bioavailability of metals, any attempt to derive
water quality criteria or standards for metals must take
into account Interactions between humic materials and
those metals. Unfortunately, at present, it is Impossible
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
to predict the effects of humic substances on the toxic-
ity or bioaccumulation of metals. Although, for exam-
ple, the most recent U.S. EPA water quality criteria for
cadmium and copper (U.S. EPA 1980a,b) acknowl-
edge that naturally occurring organics will alter toxicity,
no data on the effects of such organics on metal toxici-
ty were available for incorporation into the criteria. In
view of the very minimal data available on the effects
of humic substances on acute toxicity and the lack of
data on effects on chronic toxicity, the objectives of
the present study were to evaluate, using D. pulex and
D. magna as models, the effects of humic acid on the
acute and chronic toxicity and bioaccumulation of Cd
and Cu.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Cadmium, "Copper, "Water
quality, Humic acids, Mathematical models, Metals,
Water pollution, Reprints, "Bioaccumulation, Heavy
metals.
PB85-244259/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Simulated Sulfuric Acid Rain on the
Chemistry of a Sulfate-Adsorbing Forest Soil.
Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. J. Lee. 1985, 12p EPA/600/J-85/105
Pub. in Water, Air and Soil Pollution 25, n2 p185-193
Jun 85.
Simulated H2S04 rain (pH 3.0, 3.5. 4.0) or control rain
(pH 5.6) was applied for 3.5 yr to large lysimeter boxes
containing a sulfate-adsorbing forest soil and either
red alder (Alnus rubra) or sugar maple (Acer sac-
charum) seedlings. After removal of the plants and the
litter layer, soil samples were obtained at 15-cm inter-
vals to a total depth of 90 cm. Elevated S04 concen-
trations caused by the simulated H2S04 rain were
most pronounced for the top 15 cm, but extended
down to 45 cm(maple) or 75 cm(alder). There were no
effects on S04 concentrations at a depth of 75 to 90
cm. Elevated concentration of N03 and extractable Zn
throughout the alder systems indicated (1) either in-
creased rates of symbiotic N-fixation or decreased
rates of N immobilization; and (2) mobilization of Zn by
all acid rain treatments.
Keywords: "Sulfuric acid, "Rainfall, "Soils, "Forest
land, Simulation, Lysimeters, Maple trees,
Concentration(Composition), Sulfates, Soil properties,
Magnesium, Calcium, Sodium, Potassium, Cation ex-
changing, Inorganic nitrates, Nitrogen fixation, Zinc,
Oregon, Reprints, "Acid precipitation, Acer sac-
charum, Alnus rubra.
PB85-244267	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Lettuce and Broccoli Response and Soil Proper-
ties Resulting from Tannery Waste Applications.
Journal article,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Agricultural Experiment
Station.
D. D. Hemphill, V. V. Volk, P. J. Sheets, and C. Wickliff.
C1985, 7p OAES-TP-7089, EPA/600/J-85/106
Contract EPA-68-03-3039
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality, v14 n2 p159-163
Apr/Jun 85.
Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) and lettuce
(Lactuca sativa L.) were grown on Willamette sil
(Pachic Ultic Argixerolls) amended 1 and 2 yr earlier
with chrome tannery wastes at rates up to 192 Mg ha
to determine nutrient and trace element availability.
Soils were sampled at 0- to 15- to 30-cm depths just
before seeding the crops. Tannery waste increased
soil pH, N, extractable Ca, B and total Cr content and
reduced soil extractable Mg and Fe content. Waste ap-
plication had essentially no effect on soil K, P, S, Zn,
Mn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Mo content. The N concentra-
tion of lettuce grown on waste-amended soil was
higher than that of lettuce grown on untreated soils.
Tannery waste did not consistently affect plant tissue
concentrations of other nutrient or trace elements, in-
cluding Cr. Yields of both crops increased when grown
on tannery waste-amended soil and were approxi-
mately equal to the yields obtained when commercial
N fertilizer was applied at 112 kg N ha. This suggests
that significant quantities of waste organic N were min-
eralized and made available. With proper safeguards,
tannery waste may be an effective and safe crop fertil-
izer, and disposal on agricultural land may be an ac-
ceptable alternative to landfilling or trenching.
Keywords: "Soil properties, "Tannin materials, Trace
elements, 'Hazardous materials, "Environmental sur-
veys, Nutrients, Farm crops, Earth fills, Fertilizers,
Metals, Solid waste disposal, Substitutes, Soil analy-
sis, Reprints, Heavy metals.
PB85-244275	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC, Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
S02 Emissions and Time Series Models. Journal
article,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
A. Gleit. C1985, 7p EPA/600/J-85/100
Contract EPA-68-02-3181
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v35
n2p115-120 Feb 85.
The paper describes a time series model that permits
the estimation of the statistical properties of pounds of
S02 per million Btu in stack emissions. It uses meas-
ured values for this quantity provided by coal sampling
and analysis (CSA), by a continuous emissions monitor
(CEM), or by a continuous bubbler (EPA Reference
Method 6B). The model fits exceptionally well, which is
especially surprising because it is so simple and has
been applied to so many different sources. It accounts
only for autocorrelation between measurements, leav-
ing out any dependence on weather; season of year;
temperature, specifications, and efficiency of the
boiler; load; blending practices; spot coal versus con-
tract coal supplies; etc. As such, it provides a first gen-
eration, universally applicable model.
Keywords: "Sulfur dioxide, "Statistical analysis, "Math-
ematical models, "Boilers, "Time series analysis, Gas
analysis, Sampling, Performance evaluation, Temper-
ature, Chemical analysis, Combustion products, Re-
prints, "Air pollution detection, "Air pollution sampling,
EPA method 6B, Continuous emission monitoring sys-
tems.
PB85-244283	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Surrogate Parameters for Monitoring Organic
Matter and THM Precursors. Journal article,
Clarkson Univ., Potsdam, NY.
J. K. Edzwald, W. C. Becker, and K. L. Wattier. c1985,
12p EPA/600/J-85/099
Grant EPA-R-007034
Pub. in Jnl. of the American Water Works Association,
v77 n4p122-132 Apr 85.
UV absorbance at 254 nm is a good surrogate parame-
ter for estimating the raw water concentrations of or-
ganic carbon (NPTOC-nonpurgeable total organic
carbon) and THM precursors (TTHMFP-total trinalo-
methane formation potential). UV absorbance can be
used to estimate the NPTOC and TTHMFP concentra-
tions of raw waters, to monitor pilot-plant performance,
and to monitor full-scale water treatment plant per-
formance. It can also be measured rapidly, easily, and
inexpensively.
Keywords: "Water treatment, "Halogen organic com-
pounds, "Activated carbon, "Ultraviolet radiation, Pilot
plants, Performance evaluation, Absorbance, Re-
prints.
PB85-244291	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Behavioral Evaluation of the Irritating Properties
of Ozone. Journal article,
Rochester Univ., NY. School of Medicine and Dentist-
ry.
J. S. Tepper, and R. W. Wood. c1985,10p EPA/600/J-
85/110
Contract EPA-68-02-4032
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 78, n3
P404-411 May 85.
The sensory irritant properties of ozone have bean
considered to be responsible for symptoms that occur
in humans after exposure. This assumption has not
been studied explicitly. One way to assess the aver-
sive properties of airborne irritants is to give the ex-
posed individual an opportunity to control the duration
of exposure, i.e., escape from the irritant. Mice were
trained to turn off 100-ppm ammonia, a concentration
that, in humans, is irritating to the upper airways. After
the determination of ammonia concentration-effect
curves, ozone was substituted for ammonia. Additional
mice with no history of ammonia termination were
trained to terminate ozone exposure, indicating that
the aversive properties of ozone were not dependent
on previous experience with other airborne irritants.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Ammonia, "Air pollution, "Behav-
ior disorders, Exposure, Concentration(Composition),
Laboratory animals, Mice, Hazardous materials, Re-
prints, "Air pollution effects(Human), "Air pollution
effects(Animals), "Toxic substances.
PBS5-244309/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Development of Locomotor Activity of Rat Pups
in Figure-Eight Mazes. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
P. H. Ruppert, K. F. Dean, and L. W. Reiter. 1985,16p
EPA/600/J-85/109
Pub. in Developmental Psychobiology 18, n3 p247-260
Jun 85.
In a series of four experiments, social and experiential
factors that influence the development of motor activi-
ty in rat pups were examined. Motor activity was moni-
tored from postnatal days 13 to 21 as photocell inter-
ruptions in figure-eight mazes and comparisons were
made between (1) pups maintained in a next box con-
taining a dam and siblings and allowed access to the
maze for 23 hr/day, (2) pups tested daily for 1 hr/day
vs. pups tested only on postnatal days 15, 18. or 21,
(3) pups tested daily for either 5 min, 30 min, or 1 hr/
day, and (4) pups tested daily for 30 min/day either
singly in a maze, paired with a littermate, or paired with
an anesthetized pup of the same age. A monotonic in-
crease in activity was seen for nest-box testing, mini-
mal developmental change was seen for pups tested
on only a single day or for pups tested with an anesthe-
tized pup, whereas all other groups showed an invert-
ed U-shaped profile of activity which was influenced by
the duration of testing and/or the presence of a litter-
mate. These data emphasize the relevance of environ-
mental factors as determinants of preweaning behav-
ior.
Keywords: "Maze learning, Rats, Laboratory animals,
Social factors, Experiential factors. Reprints, "Loco-
motor activity.
PB8S-244473	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Flow Cytometric Analysis of Mouse Spermato-
genic Function Following Exposure to Ethylnttro-
sourea. Journal article,
South Dakota State Univ., Brookings.
D. P. Evenson, P. J. Higgins, D. Gruenberg, and B. E.
Ballachey. c1985,17p EPA/600/J-85/107
Grant EPA-R-810991
Prepared in cooperation with Sloan-Kettering Re-
search Inst., New York.
Pub. in Cytometry 6, p238-253 Mar 85.
The effects of the mutagenic agent ethylnitrosourea
(ENU) on spermatogenic function and sperm chroma-
tin structure were studied by flow cytometry and the re-
sults compared with sperm head morphology meas-
urements. Groups of mice received daily exposures
ranging from 0 to 75 mg/kg body weight x 5 days and
were sacrificed 28 days later. Fresh testicular cell sus-
pensions and epididymal sperm were stained with acri-
dine orange (AO) and measured by flow cytometry.
Sperm nuclei were isolated, fixed, rehydrated, and
then either subjected to thermal stress or not prior to
staining with AO. Body weights were unaffected by the
chemical exposure while the testicular weights were
reduced by about 50%. Two-parameter (DNA, RNA)
flow cytometry measurements showed a dose-re-
sponse relationship in the loss of certain cell types,
particularly the elongated spermatids, from the testes
of treated animals.
Keywords: Exposure, Reprints, "Urea/Ethylnitroso,
* Mutagenesis, "Flow cytometry, Spermatogenesis.
PB85-244481/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Development of Locomotor Activity of Rat Pup*
Exposed to Heavy Metals. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
P. H. Ruppert, K. F. Dean, and L. W. Reiter. 1985, 12d
EPA/600/J-85/108
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 78 ni
p69-77 Mar 85.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Cadmium (Cd), triethyltin (TET), and trimethyltin (TMT)
are heavy metals which are neurotoxic to developing
animals. In the present experiment, preweaning as-
sessment of locomotor activity was used to detect and
differentiate between the developmental toxicity of
these metals. On postnatal day (PND) 5, rat pups re-
ceived a single injection of either Cd, TET, or TMT. A
within-litter design was used for dosing; 1 male and 1
female pup from each litter (N = 10 litters/compound)
received either the vehicle, low, medium, or high
dosage of the compound. Preweaning motor activity
was assessed in 30-min sessions in figure-eight mazes
from PND 13 to 21. Motor activity of control animals
progressively increased in the initial days of testing,
and then both within-session and between-session ha-
bituation developed. A single exposure to Cd, TET,
and TMT produced hyperactivity by the end of the
preweaning period but these metals differed in the day
of peak activity, the onset of hyperactivity, and the de-
velopment of habituation.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Rats, Laboratory animals, Re-
prints, "Heavy metals, Neurotoxicity, "Locomotor ac-
tivity, Cadmium, Tin/triethyl, Tin/trimethyl,
PB85-244952/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Regulation and Policy Matrices: A Guide to the
Rules Governing Grants Awarded under the Con-
struction Grants Program, April 1985.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Apr 85, 179p*
See also PB84-234053.
The 'Regulation and Policy Matrices' (Matrix) was de-
veloped in response to a need for an improved method
of identifying U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's
(EPA) regulations and policies applicable to grants
awarded under the Municipal Construction Grants Pro-
gram.
Keywords: "Grants, "Construction, "Water pollution,
Regulations, Municipalities, Financing, Guidelines, Na-
tional government, Construction grants program,
"Sewage treatment plants.
PB85-245033/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstratlon of Manufacturing
Use and Certain End Use Pesticide Products Con-
taining Dioxathion as the Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
31 Mar 83, 98p EPA/540/RS-83/015
The document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Standards, Genetics, Pack-
aging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricultural prod-
ucts, Public health, Regulations, "Dioxathion, "Rereg-
istration, "Toxic substances.
PB85-245181/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Ambient Ozone and Human Health: An Epidemio-
logical Analysis. Volume 1. Final rept.,
Resources for the Future, Inc., Washington, DC.
P. R. Portney, and J. Mullahy. Aug 85,327p EPA/450/
5-85/003A
Contract EPA-68-02-3583
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The report presents the methodology and results of a
study undertaken by Resources for the Future (RFF)
for the Economic Analysis Branch of the Environmen-
tal Protection Agency's Office of Air Quality Planning
and Standards (OAQPS). The study was designed to
identify the benefits in the form of improved human
health associated with possible alternative air quality
standards for ozone.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Epidemiology, Humans, Morbidi-
ty, Socioeconomic analysis, Surveys, Health statistics.
PB85-24S280/HSU	PC A99/MF E03
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use.
Chapter 10. The Plastics and Resins Production
Industry. Final rept. Jul 81-Apr 85.
Radian Corp., McLean, VA.
Jul 85, 759p EPA/600/2-85/085
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
See also PB85-245306 and PB-291 640.
The report presents a detailed analysis of the plastics
and resins production industry, which includes oper-
ations that convert industrial organic chemicals into
solid or liquid polymers. Elements of the analysis in-
clude an industry definition, raw materials, products
and manufacturers, environmental impacts, and occu-
pational health concerns. The following polymers are
discussed: acrylic resins, acrylonitrile-butadiene-sty-
rene (ABS), alkyd molding resins, amino resins, engi-
neering thermoplastics, epoxies, fluoropolymers, phe-
nolic resins, polyacetal, polyamides, polimides, polyo-
lefins (polybutylene, polyethylenes, polypropylene),
polycarbonate, polyesters, polystyrenes, polyure-
thane, polyvinyl acetate and alcohol, polyvinyl chlo-
ride, polyvinylidene chloride, and styrene-acrylonitrile
(SAN).
Keywords: "Environmental impacts, "Industrial
wastes, "Chemical industry, "Plastics, "Resins, "Plas-
tics processing, Catalogs(Publications), Process chart-
ing, Alkyd resins, Amino resins, Phenolic resin^, Olefin
resins, Polyurethane resins, Thermoplastic resins, Ad-
dition resins, Polyamide resins, Polyacetals.
PB85-245298/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use.
Chapter 10a. The Plastics and Resins Processing
Industry. Final rept. Jul 81 -Apr 85,
Radian Corp., McLean, VA.
Jul 85,431p EPA/600/2-85/086
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
See also PB85-245280.
The report contains a detailed analysis of the plastics
and resins processing industry, which includes oper-
ations thai convert polymers and resins into consumer
products. Analytical elements include industry defini-
tion, raw materials, products, manufacturers, environ-
mental impacts and occupational health impacts. For
the purpose of the analysis, the Plastics and Resins
Processing Industry has been divided into eleven (11)
segments, some of which are comprised of a number
of different processes: calendaring, casting, coating,
compounding, extrusion, finishing, foam (expandable
bead, extruded thermoplastic, multicomponent ther-
moset, and structural), laminating, molding (blow, com-
pression, injection, reaction injection, rotational and
transfer), reinforced plastics and thermoforming.
Keywords: "Environmental impacts, "Industrial
wastes, "Chemical industry, 'Plastics, "Resins, "Plas-
tics processing, Catalogs(Publications), Process chart-
ing.
PB85-245306/HSU	PC A99/MF E03
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use.
Chapter 10b. Plastics Additives. Final rept. Jul 81-
Apr 85.
Radian Corp., McLean, VA.
Jul 85,899p EPA/600/2-85/087
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
See also PB85-245298.
The research presents an analysis of the chemicals
used as additives in the production and processing of
plastics, their environmental release, and occupational
exposure. It describes in detail each chemical additive
used in the plastics industry. The plastics additives are
presented as major functional groups of chemicals and
are further subdivided into chemically, functionally, or
physically similar chemicals. An overview of each
major functional group includes the properties and ap-
plication of the subclasses, their environmental impact
and occupational exposure. A notation is made for
specific chemicals on the Appendix VIII, Michigan Haz-
ardous Waste List and/or the priority pollutant list.
Common worker exposure practices for each function-
al group of additives are also prepared. The overview
references a series of three appendices which detail
the physical and chemical properties and polymer ap-
plication of each chemical within the functional groups,
the industrial, commercial, and consumer uses and
consumption volumes for each chemical, data on toxi-
cological and worker exposure concerns for each
chemical.
Keywords: "Environmental impacts, "Industrial
wastes, "Chemical industry, "Plastics, "Polymers,
"Additives,	Catalogs(Publications),
Stabilizers(Agents), Plasticizers.
PB85-245314/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Rates, Constants, and Kinetics Formulations in
Surface Water Quality Modeling. Second Edition.
Final rept. Jun 83-Apr 85,
Tetra Tech, Inc., Lafayette, CA.
G. L. Bowie, W. B. Mills, D. B. Porcella, C. L. Campbell,
and C. E. Chamberlin. Jun 85,475p EPA/600/J-85/
040
Contract EPA-68-03-3131
See also PB-290 938. Prepared in cooperation with
Humboldt State Univ., Areata, CA.
Recent studies are reviewed to provide a comprehen-
sive volume on state-of-the-art formulations used in
surface water quality modeling along with accepted
values for rate constants and coefficients. Topics cov-
ered include dispersion, heat budgets, dissolved
oxygen saturation, reaeration, CBOD decay, NBOD
decay, sediment oxygen demand, photosynthesis, pH
and alkalinity, nutrients, algae, zooplankton, and con-
form bacteria. Factors affecting the specific phenom-
ena and methods of measurement are discussed in
addition to data on rate constants.
Keywords: "Surface waters, "Water pollution, Kinetics,
Mathematical models, Systems analysis, Heat trans-
fer, Advection, Oxygen, Dissolved gases, Aeration, Ni-
trogen, Biochemical oxygen demand, Sediments, Pho-
tosynthesis, Respiration, Carbon, Temperature, Phos-
phorus, Cells(Biology), Mortality, Coliform bacteria.
Algae, Plankton, Rates(Per time).
PB85-245322/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Digestion in
the Federal Republic of Germany,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
K. Deeny, J. Heidman, and J. Smith. Aug 85,21 p EPA/
600/D-85/194
The status of Autothermal Thermophilic Aerobic Di-
gestion (ATAD) of Wastewater Sludges in the Federal
Republic of Germany (FRG) was evaluated via site
visits to operating facilities. In the FRG, three vari-
ations of ATAD systems have been constructed on a
full scale. These include systems marketed by Fuchs
Gas and Wassertechnik GmbH and Co., Theime
Umwel Hecknik GmbH, and Babcock (Deusche Bab-
cock Anlagen Aktingesulschaft). Fuchs is the leading
supplier of these systems with approximately 13 of the
17 facilities in FRG and Switzerland. The ATAD proc-
ess in the FRG is required to meet a limitation of 100
enterobacter/ml in the final sludge product. ATAD
maintains a status of approval by the Federal Govern-
ment (FRG) as a process that is capable of producing
a pasturized (hygenic) sludge. The process appears to
be simple to operate and cost effective compared to
existing digestion technologies.
Keywords: "Waste water, "Sludges, "Bacteria,
"Digestion(Biology), West Germany, Enterobacteria-
ceae.
PB85-24S330/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Status of Commercial Utility FGD (Flue Gas Desul-
furizatlon) Technology,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
N. Kaplan. Jul 85,31 p EPA/600/D-85/155
The paper summarizes the status of FGD technology
as of March 1983 and highlights recent trends in proc-
ess selection, design, and performance of FGD sys-
tems. The information collected in the program is
stored in the Flue Gas Desulfurization Information
System (FGDIS), a collection of computerized data
base files containing descriptive, design, performance,
and cost data for all the FGD systems identified in
FGDIS.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Flue gases, "Desulfurization, Information
systems, Cost analysis, Electric power generation, Util-
ities, Combustion products, Design, Industrial wastes,
Performance evaluation, * Air pollution control, "Flue
Gas Desulfurization Information System, "Coal fired
power plants, Computer applications.
PB85-245637/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Assessment of Synthetic Membrane Successes
and Failures at Waste Storage and Disposal Sites.
Final rept. May 83-Oct 84,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
J. M. Bass, W. J. Lyman, and J. P. Tratnyek. Aug 85,
115p EPA/600/2-85/100
Contract EPA-6B-03-1771
Data from 27 lined facilities provided by five vendors
was analyzed to determine the factors which contribut-
ed to success or failure of the liner at those facilities.
The sites studied included a wide variety of wastes
handled, liner types, geographic locations, facility
ages, facility sizes, etc. Based on the definitions used
in the study, the 27 facilities selected by the vendors
had a total of 12 'failures' at 10 sites. At four or five of
these sites groundwater contamination apparently re-
sulted from the failures. Two main elements of suc-
cess at lined sites are considered to be: (1) a proper
philosophical and conceptual approach; and (2) the
extensive use of quality assurance programs in all
facets and stages of a facility's operation. Other con-
tributing factors include overdesign of system, pres-
ence of a knowledgeable customer, bidding to specifi-
cations, selection of qualified companies, cooperation
amongst companies on liner job, conducting waste-
liner compatibility tests, simplicity of design, and good
weather.
Keywords: "Membranes, *lon exchanging. Failures,
Waste storage, Waste disposal, "Waste water reuse,
"Water pollution control, "Synthetic membranes.
PB85-245645/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of Polyurethane Foam Cartridges for
Measurement of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocar-
bons in Air. Final rept. 1 Aug-31 Dec 84,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
C. C. Chuang, W. E. Bresler, and S. W. Hannan. Aug
85, 37p EPA/600/4-85/055
Contract EPA-68-02-3487
The objective of this project was to evaluate polyure-
thane foam (PUF) cartridges as collection media for
quantification of vapor phase polynuclear aromatic hy-
drocarbons (PAHs) in air. Two cleanup methods for
PUF cartridges-compression rinsing and combined
compression rinsing and Soxhlet extraction-have
been evaluated. Both methods successfully remove
interfering material and background PAHs from the
PUF. The compression rinsing method is recommend-
ed because it is easier, faster, and cheaper. Two pro-
cedures for extraction of PAHs from the PUF matrix,
Soxhlet extraction and compression rinsing, were
compared. These sample extracts were analyzed by
on-column injection, electron impact gas chromatogra-
phy/mass spectrometry (El GC/MS) to determine
PAHs. The results showed that compression rinsing is
comparable to conventional Soxhlet extraction, and
that both methods successfully remove PAHs from the
PUF cartridges. The compression rinsing method was
then used in the stability study. The stability study was
carried out to determine the stability of PAHs adsorbed
on PUF cartridges as a function of storage time be-
tween collection and extraction. The results indicated
that the levels of the spiked perdeuterated
benzo(a)pyrene decreased significantly during stor-
age. The rate of decrease was much faster when the
PUF cartridges were stored in light. Other PAH levels
were not adversely influenced by the storage time.
Keywords: "Polyurethane foam, "Air pollution, "Aro-
matic polycyclic hydrocarbons, "Gas analyses, "Sam-
plers Solvent extraction, Sampling, Performance eval-
uation Exposure, Industrial hygiene, Public health,
Bioassay Mass spectroscopy, Storage,
Concentration(Composition), Adsorbents(Matenals),
Gas chromatography, "Air pollution detection, Air pol-
lution sampling, "Toxic substances, Indoor air pollu-
tion, "Cartrides.
424 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB85-245868/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Engineering Assessment of the Potential Impact
of Federal Radiation Protection Guidance on the
AM, FM, and TV Broadcast Services,
Office of Radiation Programs-Las Vegas Facility, NV.
P. C. Gailey, and R. A. fell. Apr 85,190p EPA/520/6-
85/011
The report describes an engineering analysis of the
potential impact of proposed EPA Federal Radiation
Protection guidance for radiofrequency radiation on
the broadcast industry. The study was performed by
developing computer models of the radiofrequency ra-
diation on the ground near broadcast stations and ap-
plying the models to data bases of the stations. The
models were developed using theoretical predictions,
empirical data and an existing numerical electromag-
netic code, and compared with field study data and
other prediction techniques to determine their accura-
cy. Variations of the models incorporating possible
mitigation strategies were applied in conjunction with
the original models so that the number of effective
fixes could also be studied. Descriptions of the models
and the results of the study are presented.
Keywords: "Radio broadcasting, "Television broad-
casting, "Regulations, Impact, Assessments, Radio
stations, Television stations, Radio waves. Radiation
hazards.
PB85-245959/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Assessment of Energy Recovery Potential of In-
dustrial Combustion Equipment. Final rept. Sep 77-
Dec 82,
KVB, Inc., Irvine, CA.
P. K. Engel, S. C. Hunter, S. S. Cherry, and R. J.
Goldstick. Aug 85, 75p KVB72-6016-1933, EPA/600/
7-85/033
Contract EPA-68-02-2645
An assessment was conducted to evaluate the waste
heat content and energy recovery potential of flue
gases from 30 industrial combustion devices. Pollution
controls on nine of the devices were evaluated to esti-
mate energy requirements and particulate reduction;
energy requirements were compared with incremental
emissions at electric utilities supplying power for the
pollution controls. Metal processing furnaces had the
highest waste heat content in the exhaust gas (57%-
86% of fuel heat input). The remaining devices and
waste heat content range were: Internal Combustion
Engines (21 and 38%), Mineral Kilns (11 -55%), Petro-
leum Process Heaters (14-38%), Boilers (10-41%),
and Gas Turbine Combined Cycles (15 and 16%).
Energy recovery by combustion air preheat, process
heat utilization, or heat engine cycles was evaluated
on a preliminary basis and appears to be practical for
many of the devices. Energy requirements for particu-
late emissions control were found to be less than 2.0
percent of heat input.
Keywords: "Heat content, "Energy recovery, "Flue
gases, Assessments, Industries, Combustion, Exhaust
gases, Air pollution control, Particulates.
PB65-245967/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effect of Trichloroethylene on the Exploratory
and Locomotor Activity of Rats Exposed during
Development,
Miami Univ., Oxford, OH. Dept. of Zoology.
D. H. Taylor, K. E. Lagory, D. J. Zaccaro, R. J. Pfohl,
and R. D. Laurie. Aug 85,9p EPA/600/D-85/191
Grant EPA-R-809618
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a common contaminant of
underground water supplies. To examine the effect of
TCE on the developing central nervous system, rats
were exposed to TCE throughout gestation until 21
days postpartum via their dams' drinking water. TCE
concentrations of 312 ppm, 625 ppm and 1250 ppm
were tested. Exploratory behavior was higher in 60-
and 90-day old male rats which were exposed to any
level of TCE. The effect of TCE-exposure on locomo-
tor activity (running wheel) was also examined in 60-
day old males (625 and 1250 ppm exposure groups).
Locomotor activity was significantly higher in rats ex-
posed to 1250 ppm TCE. These data suggest that TCE
has long-term effects on behavior.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Rats, Laboratory animals, Ex-
posure, Behavior, "Ethylene/trichloro, Locomotor ac-
tivity, "Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB85-245975/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
Assessment of Individual Human Exposures to
Ozone in a Health Study,
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
D. T. Mage, M. Raizenne, and J. Spengler. Aug 85,17p
EPA/600/D-85/195
The minute dose of ozone delivered to the lower respi-
ratory tract of a subject depends upon the ozone con-
centration inhaled, the minute volume (Ve 1 /min) and
the fraction of the inhaled ozone that penetrates the
nasopharyngeal passages to enter the trachea. The
ozone concentration (X) depends on the time of day
and whether the subject is indoors or outdoors. The
minute volume depends on the subject's age, sex,
weight, and physical activity level. The fractional depo-
sition of ozone depends on the concentration inhaled
(X), the minute volume (Ve), and the mode of breathing
(nasal or oronasal). These dependencies are reviewed
and a calculation of a daily ozone dosage is presented
for a prototypical 12-year old child at summer camp
who varies his physical activities in indoor and outdoor
settings over a 24-hour period.
Keywords: "Inhalation, "Ozone, "Toxicology, Humans,
Exposure, Assessments, Respiratory system.
PB85-245983/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Chlorine Dioxide on the Neurobeha-
vioral Development of Rats,
Miami Univ., Oxford, OH. Dept. of Zoology.
D. H. Taylor, and R. J. Pfohl. Aug 85, 25p EPA/600/D-
85/190
Grant EPA-R-809618
Since thyroid function is intimately involved with neuro-
behavioral development and chlorine dioxide has been
shown to disrupt thyroid function, the study was de-
signed to evaluate the effects of chlorine dioxide expo-
sure on selected rat behavioral and brain growth pa-
rameters. The data from the study indicate that rat
pups that are exposed to chlorine dioxide pre- and
post-natally, or exposed only post-natally, manifest be-
havioral changes as well as slower brain growth rates
that are consistent with effects caused by depressed
thyroid function.
Keywords: "Chlorine dioxide, "Toxicology, Thyroid
gland, Behavior, Brain, Exposure, "Neurobehavior.
PB85-245991/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Detection and Significance of Pathogens In
Sludge,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
A. D. Venosa. Aug 85,18p EPA/600/D-85/189
The paper is a brief literature review of the occurrence,
distribution, and densities of bacterial indicators in raw
and treated sludges. It discusses detection methodol-
ogy and points out the serious needs for improvement
in such methodology. It also briefly addresses the
public health significance of numbers reported in the
literature vis-a-vis the methods used to detect the or-
ganisms.
Keywords: "Sewage sludge, "Pathogens, Bacteria,
Fungi, Health hazards, Infectivity, Sterilization, Re-
views, Occurrence, Distribution, Density, Detection.
PB85-246007/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Combustion Efficiency of Flare*. Rept. for Oct 80-
Feb 84,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA
J. H. Pohl, J. Lee, R. Payne, and B. A. Tichenor. Aua
85, 23p EPA/600/D-85/188
Contract EPA-68-02-3661
The paper gives results of a study to provide data on
industrial flare emissions. (Emissions of incompletely
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tribute to air pollution. Available data on flare emis-
sions are sparse, and methods to sample operating
flares are unavailable.) Tests were conducted on 3-, 6-
, and 12-in. diameter flare heads. Propane was used as
the flare fuel, diluted with nitrogen to control the heat-
ing value. The following results were obtained: (1) soot
(from smoky flares) accounts for <0.5% of the un-
burned hydrocarbon emissions; (2) the size of the flare
head did not influence hydrocarbon combustion effi-
ciency; and (3) the stability of the flare flame influ-
enced combustion efficiency, with unstable flames
tending to promote inefficient combustion. A relation-
Ship between gas heating value and exit velocity was
developed to denote the region of flame instability.
Keywords: "Decoys, 'Combustion efficiency, 'Hydro-
carbons, Gases, Exhaust gases, 'Flares.
PB85-246015/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Design and Operation of Belt Filter Presses,
Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Wakefield, MA.
T. K. Walsh, W. Gilbert, and H. Bostian. Aug 85, 13p
EPA/600/D-85/192
Contract EPA-68-03-3208
Because early models of belt filter presses (developed
from technology associated with the manufacture of
paper) performed poorly, improved design and oper-
ation procedures for these presses were studied. Belt
filter presses form part of a sludge dewatering system,
and in terms of integration within the overall treatment
process, their performance varies directly with the
solids concentration of the feed sludge. Overall per-
formance can be improved if fluctuations in the quality
and character of the feed sludge are minimized.
Keywords: 'Filter presses, Dewatering, Sludge,
Design, Operations, Performance, Waste treatment,
Water pollution control.
PBS5-2460S6/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Evaluation and Application of the Urban Airshed
Model In the Philadelphia Air Quality Control
Region,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
T. N. Braverman, and J. L. Haney. Jun 85,234p EPA/
450/4-85/003
Contract EPA-68-02-3870
The Urban Airshed Photochemical Grid Model has
been applied to a data base assembled for the Phila-
delphia metropolitan area consisting of meteorological
and air quality data collected during the EPA 1979
summer field study and a spatially, temporally, and
chemically resolved emissions inventory of hydrocar-
bons and nitrogen oxides. The report presents results
of (1) the evaluation of Urban Airshed Model perform-
ance on 2 selected model test days, (2) application of
the Urban Airshed Model for control strategy planning,
and (3) sensitivity tests to determine the response of
Urban Airshed Model predictions and control require-
ments to uncertainty in background concentrations.
The model tended to slightly overestimate calculated
hourly ozone for both simulation days; but performed
well in replicating observed concentrations. Results in-
dicate that urban hydrocarbon emission reductions re-
quired to attain the National Ambient Air Quality Stand-
ard (NAAQS) for ozone vary widely depending on as-
sumed levels of background hydrocarbons and ozone
standard. Therefore, all large metropolitan areas in the
Northeast must cooperate to reduce emissions if
region-wide attainment of the ozone standard is to be
maintained.
Keywords: "Air pollution, Nitrogen oxides, Carbon
monoxide, Sulfur dioxide, Particles, Exhaust emis-
sions. Industrial wastes, Combustion products, 'Urban
airshed models, 'Volatile organic compounds, "Emis-
sion inventories, Point sources, Baseline measure-
ments.
PB85-246072/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region 8.
Sound Levels from OH and Qas Exploration Activi-
ties: Flathead National Forest, Glacier National
Park, Helena National Forest. Final rept.,
Engineering-Science, Inc., Pasadena, CA.
J. D. Foch, and R. E. Burke. Feb 85, 219p EPA/908/1-
85/001
Contract EPA-68-01 -6587
Data from a sound measurement survey conducted in
1981 within and in the vicinity of Glacier National Park
are analyzed and presented. Measurements were
made of oil and gas seismic exploration activities in the
Flathead National Forest and Helena National Forest,
including sounds from above ground blasting, helicop-
ters and associated activities. Typical reference sound
levels are identified for above ground blasts and heli-
copters, and theoretical procedures for estimating
their propagation are developed considering the ter-
rain and meteorological conditions characteristic of
the Glacier Park area.
Keywords: 'Noise(Sound), 'National parks, 'Explora-
tion, 'Oil fields, 'Gas fields, Sound transmission,
Blasting, Helicopters, Wildlife, Acoustic measurement.
Loudness, Montana, Data, Noise pollution, Noise
levels, Glacier National Park, Helena National Forest,
Flathead National Forest.
PB8S-246536/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Radon-222 Emissions and Control Practices for
Licensed Uranium Mills and Their Associated Tail-
ings Piles. Final rept.
PEI Associates, Inc., Arlington, VA.
Jun 85,179p PEI-3642-6
Contract EPA-68-02-3878
The report is organized into five main sections. The
conclusions of the effort are summarized in Chapter 2.
A general description of current milling and tailings
management practices and a summary of the site-spe-
cific characteristics of operating and standby uranium
mills are contained in Chapter-3. The sources and
emission rates of radon-222 at licensed mills and their
associated tailings piles are contained in Chapter 4
along with the results of an effort to develop generic
procedures to estimate radon-222 emissions for mill-
ing operations and tailings disposal. Control practices
that are being or could be applied to the milling oper-
ation and tailings disposal areas and their estimated
cost and effectiveness in reducing radon-222 emis-
sions are presented in Chapter 5. The appendices
contain detailed information on mill site data and emis-
sion estimates.
Keywords: "Radioactive contaminants, Airborne
wastes, Environmental impacts, Washington(State),
Wyoming, South Dakota, Utah, Colorado, New Mexico,
Texas, "Uranium mills, "Radon 222, "Mill tailings, "Ra-
dioactive waste disposal.
PB8S-246692/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Acid Deposition, Environmental Monitoring,
and Quality Assurance.
Comprehensive Indoor Air Quality Research
Strategy, January 1, 1985. Final rept.,
Interagency Committee on Indoor Air Quality, Wash-
ington, DC.
M. J. Dellarco. Jun 85,34p EPA/600/9-85/021
In the Department of Housing and Urban Develop-
ment-Independent Agencies 1984 House Appropria-
tion Report, EPA was directed to expand indoor air re-
search planning into a long-term comprehensive strat-
egy. This strategy was developed and coordinated
through the Interagency Committee on Indoor Air
Quality (CIAQ), a 16 Federal agency committee
formed in December 1983. The aims of this research
strategy are to improve the understanding about the
risks to indoor air pollutant exposure and to provide
technical information and guidance to the public and
private sector cost-effectively. These aims will be
achieved by completing the following six tasks: identi-
fying indoor air pollutant sources and factors affecting
human exposure; characterizing indoor air quality; de-
termining the relationship between energy conserva-
tion and indoor air qualify; determining the health ef-
fects to indoor air pollution; determining optimal con-
trol and mitigation techniques; and developing and
conducting a national multipollutant field survey. For
each of these tasks the status of current Federal re-
search and future research needs are described. An
appendix of case studies describes how individual
agencies are working together on indoor air quality re-
search.
Keywords: 'Research projects, "Meetings, "Air pollu-
tion, Exposure, Risks, Field tests, Forecasting, Radon,
Formaldehyde, Humans, Sources, Construction mate-
rials, "Indoor air pollution, "Air quality, "Air pollution
effects(Humans), Energy conservation, Case studies.
PB85-246965/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Alkaline and Stretford Scrubbing Tests for H2S
Removal from In-situ Oil Retort Offgas. Final rept
Feb 83-Feb 85,
Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Wakefield, MA.
H. J. Taback, G. C. Quartucy, and R. J. Goldstick. Jun
85, 234p EPA/600/7-85/029
Contract EPA-68-03-3166
Also pub. as KVB, Inc., Irvine, CA. rept. no. KVB72-
807430-1982.
The report gives results of an evaluation of two mobile
pilot-plant scrubbers (one alkaline, the other Stretford)
for removing reduced sulfur compounds from the
offgas of an in-situ retort at Geokinetics, The alkaline
scrubber had a tray tower and a venturi contactor used
alternately with NaOH, KOH, and NH40H to investi-
gate the effects of scrubbing chemical, chemical con-
centration, and residence time on removal efficiency
and H2S selectivity. The Stretford plant employed a
venturi contactor (near the end of the test, a packed-
tower contactor was added downstream of the ventu-
ri). A computer model of the alkaline scrubber, based
on the penetration theory, was developed and agrees
well with the observed performance. Based on this
model, it appears possible to design an alkaline scrub-
ber system that can achieve 95% H2S removal at a
selectivity of 37.
Keywords: "In situ combustion, "Scrubbers, "Air pollu-
tion control equipment, "Hydrogen sulfide, "Oil shale,
Pilot plants, Performance evaluation, Industrial
wastes. Mathematical models, Combustion products.
Design criteria, "Caustic scrubbing, "Alkaline scrub-
bing, "Venturi scrubbers, "Off-gas systems, Stretford
process, Computer applications.
PB85-246973/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Low NOx Filing System for Tangentlally Coal-
Fired Boilers: Applications Guideline Manual. User
Manual Aug 81-Mar 84,
Combustion Engineering, Inc., Windsor, CT.
A. Kokkinos, and R. D. Lewis. Sep 85,30p EPA/600/
8-85/022
Contract EPA-68-02-3655
See also PB85-201093.
The manual is a concise user's guide of Combustion
Engineering's Low NOx Concentric Firing System. It is
based on extensive pilot scale and small and large util-
ity-scale demonstrations, in particular a program com-
pleted in May 1984, at Utah Power and Light Compa-
ny's 400-MWe Hunter Unit 2 station. It addresses six
points for the user to evaluate to determine the appli-
cability, feasibility, and cost of installing the concentric
firing system to a particular steam generating unit: (1)
rationale, (2) applicability, (3) pre-design evaluation,
(4) design, (5) performance optimization and evalua-
tion, and (6) economic analysis. The manual follows
the final project report (a case study example of retro-
fitting this technology) for the Hunter Unit 2 utility dem-
onstration program.
Keywords: "Manuals, "Air pollution control, "Boilers,
Electric power plants, Design criteria. Performance
evaluation, Economic analysis, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, "Low nitrogen oxides concen-
tric firing systems, Coal fired power plants.
PB85-246881/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Synfuel/Petrofuel Conditioning and Delivery Fa-
cility Operations Manual. User Manual May 82-Sep
84,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. M. Kennedy, A. C. Minden, and J. E. MacQueen. Jul
85,55p EPA/600/8-85/014
Contract EPA-68-02-3176
The report describes the Synfuel/Petrofuel Condition-
ing and Delivery Facility designed by Acurex Corpora-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tion for the U.S. EPA's Air and Energy Engineering Re-
search Laboratory. The facility was designed to deliver
synthetic fuels to five research facilities for compara-
tive emissions testing with conventional petroleum
based fuels. Capabilities of the facility include: heating
and preblending of fuels delivered in 55-gal. drums; de-
livery of heated high viscosity fuels; delivery, mixing,
and injection of a secondary light fuel along with a vis-
cous synthetic fuel; and continuous fuel flow in a semi-
automatic, unattended operational mode. Procedures
are defined for the operation of all facility systems.
Keywords: 'Fuels, 'Facilities, 'Treatment, 'Delivery,
Petroleum products, Liquefaction, Maintenance, Oper-
ations, Manuals, Synthetic fuels, Petrofuels, Pollution
control.
PB85-246999/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Asbestos-Containing Materials in School Build-
ings: Bulk Sample Analysis Quality Assurance
Program-Bulk Sample Rounds 9, 10, 11 and Blind
Round 2. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. A. Pasquini, M. L. Parris, and L. T. Laird. Jul 85,90p'
EPA/600/4-85/047
Contract EPA-68-02-3767
See also PB81-225849.
The report presents the results of laboratories partici-
pating in the nineth, tenth, eleventh and second blind
round(s) of the bulk sample analysis quality assurance
program sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency. Two hundred fifty-four, 320, 318, and 50
laboratories which analyze bulk samples for determi-
nation of asbestos content by polarized light microsco-
py participated in these rounds, respectively. Labora-
tories received bulk samples of asbestos, asbestos
substitutes or other bulk insulation materials. Three as-
pects of analytical results are considered: classifica-
tion of a sample as either asbestos (positive) or nonas-
bestos (negative); identification of the specific type of
asbestos present; and quantitation of the relative
amount of major constituents present. A performance
rating was made for each laboratory, based only on the
ability to correctly classify samples. Reductions of all
correct (4/4 or 3/3) scores were made only for the re-
porting of false positives and false negatives. Labora-
tories participating in rounds 9, 10, 11 and the second
blind round correctly classified 92.1%, 97.2%, 94.9%
and 97.9% of the samples, respectively, as an asbes-
tos or nonasbestos containing material as described in
the Federal Register, Vol. 47, No. 103, Thursday, May
27,1982.
Keywords: "School buildings, 'Asbestos, Bulk sam-
pling, Insulation, Analysis, Quality assurance, Micros-
copy, Light(Visible radiation), Polarized electromagnet-
ic radiation, Substitutes, Identifying, Air pollution, Per-
formance evaluation, Tables(Data), Cellulose, 'Indoor
air pollution.
PB85-247005/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Preliminary Evaluation of a Modified NBS PM(10)
Sampler for Indoor Particulate Measurements,
Environmental Monitoring and Services, Inc., Newbury
Park, CA.
J. E. Howes, R. Vijayakumar, F. Doerfler, F. J.
Burmann, and F. S. Howard. Aug 85,40p EPA/600/4-
85/057
Contract EPA-68-02-4084
Prepared in cooperation with Esoteric Systems, Inc.,
Newbury Park, CA,
Modifications have been made in the prototype NBS
portable sampler to overcome several design flaws.
The modifications included replacement of the case,
redesign of the filter holder, and addition of a motor
control circuit. Results obtained in a brief performance
evaluation indicate that the modified sampler yields
PM10 data comparable to that obtained with a conven-
tional ambient-type dichotomous sampler. The battery
pack (six 1.25V Ni-Cd D cells) used with the modified
NBS sampler provides at least 24 hours of operation at
a flow rate of 6 1 pm. The constant current motor con-
trol circuit added to the sampler provides a very uni-
form flow rate (within + or - 5%) over a 24-hour sam-
olinq period The circuit also automatically decouples
the motor when the battery output drops below a volt-
age that delivers a flow rate of 6 1pm. The perform-
426 Vol. 90, No. 24
ance of an indoor air sampler developed by Harvard
University was also evaluated in this study.
Keywords: 'Air pollution. Measurements, Performance
evaluation, Modifications, 'Air samplers, 'Indoor air
pollution, Particulates, NBS PM10 air sampler.
PB85-247013/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Cincin-
nati, OH.
Standardization of EPA (Environmental Protection
Agency) Method 8610,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
T. F. Cole, A. Riggin, and W. M. Cooke. Jul 85,125p
EPA/600/4-85/052
Contract EPA-68-03-1760
USEPA Method 8610, 'Total Aromatics by Ultraviolet
Absorption' was evaluated in conjunction with USEPA
Method 3560, 'Reverse Phase Cartridge Extraction'
for the separation and qualitative determination of the
presence or absence of visible or ultraviolet absorbing
organic compounds listed in Appendix VIII of the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). A
data base of the visible and ultraviolet (UV) spectral
data was developed and used to estimate detection
limits of Appendix VIII organic compounds which
absorb UV or visible light in the region 220 to 700 nm.
The reverse phase cartridge extraction procedure was
evaluated for its ability to separate polar and nonpolar
subsets of 21 Method 8610 analytes by the use of
methanol and hexane eluents. The extraction proce-
dure was found to be unsuitable for group separation
in its present form, and needs further study to evaluate
the behavior of individual analytes such as acids,
bases, and polynuclear aromatic compounds.
Keywords: 'Standards, *Gas analysis, 'Ultraviolet ra-
diation, 'Air pollution detection, EPA method 8610.
PB85-247021 /HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Decontamination Techniques for Mobile Re-
sponse Equipment Used at Waste Sites (State-of-
the-Art Survey). Final rept. Apr-May 84,
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
J. P. Meade, and W. D. Ellis. Aug 85, 75p' EPA/600/2-
85/105
Contract EPA-68-03-3113
A state-of-the-art review of facility and equipment de-
contamination, contamination assessment, and con-
tamination avoidance has been conducted. The
review, based on an intensive literature search and a
survey of various equipment manufacturers, provides
preliminary background material on the subject. The
information developed here constitutes an important
'head start' for those who need to establish preventive
measures, decontamination plans, and procedures for
response personnel and cleanup equipment used at
hazardous waste sites. The study discusses various
decontamination methods, such as use of solvents to
wash off contaminants, use of chemical means to de-
grade contaminants, and use of physical means to
remove contaminants. Chemical and physical testing
methods designed to assess the nature of the con-
taminant and the quantity and extent of contamination
were also investigated. Also discussed in the report
are procedures that can be used to prevent contami-
nation of response equipment and personnel. These
preventive procedures are: enclosures to prevent
spread of contaminants, safety features on response
equipment to prevent spills and leaks, protective coat-
ings on response equipment surfaces, and protective
clothing and furnishings for personnel. Three case
studies were also reviewed: the Three Mile Island
cleanup, the 'Vulcanus' incinerator ship cleanup (diox-
ins and PCBs), and PCB cleanups in Binghamton, New
York. The review has identified several methods that
could be of value in effectively decontaminating re-
sponse equipment units such as a mobile incinerator
at a reasonable cost.
Keywords: 'Decontamination, 'Mobile equipment,
'Solid waste disposal, 'Hazardous materials, 'Indus-
trial hygiene, Pesticides, Safety, Environmental sur-
veys, Sites, Public health, State government, Protec-
tive equipment, 'Toxic substances, 'Land pollution,
"Occupational safety and health, 'Hazardous materi-
als spills, Dioxins, State of the art, Chemical treatment,
Physical treatment, Three Mile Island, Vulcanus ship,
Polychlorinated biphenyls.
PB85-247070/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Preliminary Evaluation of Chemical Migration to
Groundwater and the Niagara River from Selected
Waste-Disposal Sites. Final rept.,
Geological Survey, Ithaca, NY. Water Resources Div
E. J. Koszalka, J. E. Paschal, T. S. Miller, and P. B.
Duran. Mar 85,463p EPA/905/4-85/001
Prepared in cooperation with New York State Dept. of
Environmental Conservation, Albany.
American and Canadian monitoring of the quality of
the Niagara River has indicated a need to assess con-
tamination entering the river through the groundwater
system. The contamination probably emanates from
point and nonpoint sources in the adjacent area, along
the U.S. side of the Niagara River from Lake Erie to
Lewiston, approximately 20 miles downstream, which
contains a high density of chemical manufacturing fa-
cilities and waste-disposal sites. 164 of the 215 haz-
ardous waste disposal sites in Erie and Niagara Coun-
ties, New York are within 3 miles of the Niagara River.
In 1982, the USGS, in co-operation with the USEPA
and the NYDEC made a preliminary hydrogeologic and
chemical evaluation of 138 of these 164 toxic waste
disposal sites. The purpose of the investigation was to
identify sites that are possible sources of contamina-
tion to the ground-water system.
Keywords: "Ground water, 'Hazardous materials,
"Stream pollution, Monitoring, Hydrogeology, Niagara
River, Sites, Toxicity, Chemical industry, Facilities,
Lake Erie, Canada, United States, "Path of pollutants,
Erie County(New York), Niagara County(New York),
"Point sources, "Nonpoint sources.
PB8S-247211/HSU	PC A08/MF AOt
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Green River Air Quality Model Development.
MELSAR - A Mesoscale Air Quality Model for
Complex Terrain. Volume 1. Overview, Technical
Description and User's Guide. Final rept.,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
K. J. Allwine, and C. D. Whiteman. Aug 85,156p PNL-
5460-VOL-1, EPA/600/8-85/017A
See also PB85-247229. Sponsored by Department of
Energy, Washington, DC.
MELSAR, a mesoscale air quality model, was devel-
oped for predicting air pollutant concentrations result-
ing from releases from multiple sources. The model is
a Lagrangian puff model for application in complex ter-
rain, principally at long source-to-receptor transport
distances (tens to hundreds of kilometers) and short
pollutant averaging times (1 to 24 hr). Terrain influ-
ences are treated explicitly by using a three-dimen-
sional mass-consistent flow model, accounting for the
influences of terrain roughness on diffusion, using ter-
rain-following plume trajectories with optional correc-
tions for the plume ascending hills, and using a para-
meterized treatment of pollutant sources located in
valleys. The model handles releases from both point
and area sources and makes the conservative as-
sumption that the pollutants released are inert and
nondepositing. MELSAR is developed for application
in a region covering western Colorado, eastern Utah,
and southern Wyoming.
Keywords: "Mathematical models, "Meteorology, 'Air
pollution. Sampling, Concentration(Composition),
Green River, Brush Creek Valley, Colorado, "Air qual-
ity, "Tracertechniques.
PB8S-247229/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Green River Air Quality Model Development.
MELSAR - A Mesoscale Air Quality Model for
Complex Terrain. Volume 2. Appendices. Final
rept.,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
K. J. Allwine, and C. D. Whiteman. Aug 85, 359p PNL-
5460-VOL-2, EPA/600/8-85/017B
See also PB85-247211. Sponsored by Department of
Energy, Washington, DC.
The volume contains Appendices A through R, which
includes (1) instructions for operating the model, (2)
program structure and code listings, and (3) summarv
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, "Meteorology, *Air
pollution, Sulfur hexafluoride, Sampling,
Concentration(Composition), Green River, Brush
Creek Valley, Colorado, Field tests, Aerial surveys, 'Air
quality, 'Tracer techniques.
PB85-24724S/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Chlorothalonil as the Active
Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 84, 212p EPA/540/RS-84/012
The document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Standards, "Environmental
surveys, Labels, Hazardous materials, Regulations,
Physical properties, Chemical properties, "Chlorotha-
lonil, 'Registrations.
PB85-247450/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Steam Stripping of Fixed-Bed Gasification
Wastewaters. Final rept. Sep 83-Dec 84,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
F. D. Skinner, and B. J. Hayes. Jul 85,128p EPA/600/
7-85/030
Contract EPA-68-02-3137
The report gives results of laboratory- and bench-scale
steam stripping tests, using wastewaters from a fixed-
bed coal gasifier at the Department of Energy's Mor-
gantown Energy Technology Center. The wastewater
was pretreated by solvent extraction (for phenol re-
moval) and filtered prior to stripping. The report also
provides engineering and environmental data for the
design of steam strippers for fixed-bed gasification
wastewaters. The laboratory tests were performed pri-
marily to determine the effect of pH on contaminant re-
movals. During the benchscale tests, samples of influ-
ent, effluent, and overhead vapor and condensate
were analyzed for a number of species of potential en-
vironmental concern (dissolved gases, sulfur and nitro-
gen species, trace metals, organics, and other water
quality parameters). Mass transfer coefficients for am-
monia, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide stripping
were calculated.
Keywords: "Waste water, Water treatment, Solvent ex-
traction, Phenols, Filtration, pH, 'Steam stripping.
PB85-247534/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Direct Thermocnemlcal Conversion of Sewage
Sludge to Fuel Oil,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
P. M. Molton, A. G. Fassbender, and M. D. Brown. Aug
85, 17p EPA/600/D-85/193
A disposal method for primary sewage sludge and in-
dustrial sludges which generates boiler fuel as a prod-
uct and is energy self sufficient or energy-generating is
described. The method involves direct liquefaction in a
mild aqueous alkali above 250 degs. C and was dem-
onstrated for about 100 hours in a reactor having a 50
pound per hour capacity. The boiler fuels recovered
from the process were in the form of a water insoluble
oil, char and gas and contained up to 73% of the
energy from the input sludge. Analytical results show
that most of the heavy metals from the sludge are con-
centrated in the char and remain in the ash residual
when the char is burned. Burning the oil and char as
fuel will generate gaseous pollutants from sulfur and
nitrogen in the sludge which could be a problem in
commercial versions of the process.
Keywords: 'Thermochemical processes, 'Sewage
sludge, 'Oils, "Waste disposal, Combustion, Pyrolysis,
Recycling, Liquefaction, 'Fuel oils, Heavy metals.
PB85-247674/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Organic Chemical Fate Prediction in Activated
Sludge Treatment Processes. Final rept Oct 80-
Sep 84,
IT Corp., Knoxville, TN.
J. W. Blackburn, W. L. Troxler, K. N. Truong, R. P. Zink,
and S. C. Meckstroth. Aug 85,338p EPA/600/2-85/
102
Contracts EPA-68-03-3027, EPA-68-03-3074
Prepared in cooperation with Tennessee Univ., Knox-
ville, and National Inst, for Environmental Studies,
Yatabe (Japan).
The report describes results from a broadly-based
effort to determine the feasibility of predicting the fates
of organic chemicals in diffused air, activated sludge
wastewater treatment processes. The three conver-
sion/removal mechanisms emphasized in the work
were stripping, sorption on biomass, and bio-oxidation
(biotransformation and mineralization). After an initial
literature review and critique, separate projects were
implemented to study experimental and mathematical
predictive methods on each individual fate mechanism
and to develop experimental and/or mathematical pro-
tocols where needed. Finally, a project was imple-
mented to couple the mechanisms in a semi-determi-
nistic predictive equation and to attempt initial verifica-
tion for the equation in a continuous, complete and
mixed laboratory activated sludge study.
Keywords: "Activated sludge process, "Sewage treat-
ment, 'Organic compounds, Chemical compounds,
Sludge, Industrial waste treatment, Predictions.
PB85-247732	Not available NTIS
Urban Air Pollution Worldwide: Results of the
GEMS (Global Environment Monitoring System)
Air Monitoring Project. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
B. G. Bennett, J. G. Kretzschmar, G. G. Akland, and H.
W. de Koning. C1985,9p EPA/600/J-85/101
Prepared in cooperation with London Univ. (England),
Study Centre for Nuclear Energy, Mol (Belgium), and
World Health Organization, Geneva (Switzerland).
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v19
n4 p298-304 Apr 85.
Measurements of sulfur dioxide and suspended partic-
ulate matter in urban areas have been compiled in an
international air quality monitoring project. Interpreta-
tive analyses of the 1973 to 1980 data have been com-
pleted, showing the general range of concentrations,
intercity comparisons, correlations, guideline compari-
sons and trends. The collective results give a global
picture of urban air quality conditions.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Sulfur dioxide, 'Particles,
'Urban areas, Comparison, Trends,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, "Air quality.
PB85-247740	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Laboratory Evaluation of Chemical Dispersants
for Use on Oil Spills at Sea. Journal article,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Sequim, WA. Marine
Research Lab.
J. W. Anderson, D. L. McQuerry, and S. L. Kiesser.
C1985, 5p EPA/600/J-85/102
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v19
n5 p454-457 1985.
There is still considerable controversy regarding the
use of oil spill chemicals on spills in U.S. coastal
waters. While it is recognized that the magnitude of
toxicity produced from the chemical products has de-
creased considerably with the development of new
chemicals, state and federal regulatory agencies gen-
erally require approval on a case by case basis. The
objective of this paper is to present values for relative
effectiveness and toxicity and show how they can be
combined with cost data to provide potential users a
means of selection.
Keywords: "Dispersants, Evaluation, Effectiveness,
Toxicity, Reprints, "Oil spills.
PB85-247757	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Partition Coefficients of Organic Compounds in
Lipid-Water Systems and Correlations with Fish
Bioconcentration Factors. Journal article,
Geological Survey, Denver, CO.
C. T. Chiou. C1985, 7p EPA/600/J-85/103
Pub. in Environmental Sciences and Technology, v19
n1 p57-62Jan85.
Triolein-water partition coefficients (Ktw) have been
determined for 38 slightly water-soluble organic com-
pounds, and their magnitudes have been compared
with the corresponding octanol-water partition coeffi-
cients (Kow). In the absence of major solvent-solute
interaction effects in the organic solvent phase, the
conventional treatment (based on Raoult's law) pre-
dicts sharply lower partition coefficients for most of the
solutes in triolein because of its considerable higher
molecular weight, whereas the Flory-Huggins treat-
ment predicts higher partition coefficients with triolein.
The data are in much better agreement with the Flory-
Huggins model. As expected from the similarity in the
partition coefficients, the water solubility (which was
previously found to be the major determinant of the
Kow) is also the major determinant for the Ktw. When
the published BCF values (bioconcentration factors) of
organic compounds in fish are based on the lipid con-
tent rather than on total mass, they are approximately
equal to the Ktw. which suggests at least near equilibri-
um for solute partitioning between water and fish lipid.
The close correlation between Ktw and Kow suggests
that Kow is also a good predictor for lipid-water parti-
tion coefficients and bioconcentration factors.
Keywords: "Fishes, "Toxicology, Organic compounds,
Solutions, Lipids, Reprints, 'Partition coefficients,
Bioaccumulation, Triolein.
PB85-248193	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Fish Communities of Midwestern Rivers: A Histo-
ry of Degradation. Journal article,
Smithsonian Tropical Research Inst., Balboa
(Panama).
J. R. Karr, L. A. Toth, and D. R. Dudley. C1985, 8p
EPA/600/J-85/104
Grants EPA-R-810745, EPA-R-807677
Pub. in Bioscience, v35 n2 p90-95 Feb 85.
As human populations have grown, water resource
quality has declined. Since 1850, 67% of the fish spe-
cies from the Illinois River and 44% from the Maumee
River have become less abundant or have disap-
peared. Reversing such trends demands innovative
approaches to water resource management.
Keywords: 'Fresh water fishes, 'Rivers, 'Water pollu-
tion, Population growth, Illinois River, Maumee River,
Abundance, Water quality management, History, Com-
parison, Reprints.
PB85-2483S3/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Nickel. Final
Report,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
S. Bayard, R. Beliles, M. Chu, H. Gibb, and G. Kimmel.
Sep 85,433p EPA/600/8-83/012F
See also PB83-213827.
Nickel is found in nature as a component of silicate,
sulfide, or, occasionally arsenide ores. It is a valuable
mineral commodity because of its resistance to corro-
sion. Uses for nickel and its compounds include nickel
alloys, electroplating baths, batteries, textile dyes and
mordants, and catalysts. The predominant forms of
nickel in the atmosphere are nickel sulfate, nickel
oxides and complex oxides of nickel. Nickel is also
found in ambient and drinking waters and soils as a
result of both natural and anthropogenic sources.
Routes of nickel intake for man and animals are inhala-
tion, ingestion and percutaneous absorption. The pul-
monary absorption of nickel compounds varies ac-
cording to chemical and physical form, with insoluble
compounds generally being cleared more slowly. Gas-
trointestinal intake of nickel by man is relatively high
ranging from 300 to 500 micrograms daily; however,
absorption is low, averaging one to ten percent of
intake. Percutaneous absorption of nickel often occurs
through contact with nickel-containing commodities
used in food preparation; such contact is related to hy-
persensitivity and skin disorders. Absorbed nickel is
carried by the blood and distributed to various tissues
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
depending on route of intake. Inhaled nickel com-
pounds lead to highest levels in lung, brain, kidney and
liver. In humans, age-dependent accumulation ap-
pears to occur only in the lung. Unabsorbed dietary
nickel is lost in the feces; urinary excretion is the major
clearance route for absorbed nickel.
Keywords: "Nickel, 'Public health, "Environmental
surveys, Distribution, Toxicology, Assessments, Risk,
Physical properties, Chemical properties, Metals,
Cycles, Quantitative analysis, Environments, Epidemi-
ology, 'Health risks, "Heavy metals, Path of pollutants,
Cancer.
PB85-248391/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Protection of Cotton, January 1980-November
1984. Citations from AGRICOLA (Agricultural
Online Access) Concerning Diseases and Other
Environmental Considerations. Bibliographies and
literature of agriculture,
National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.
C, N. Bebee. Aug 85,204p USDA/BLA-37
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Pesticide Programs.
Although cotton acreage has declined from 14 million
to 8 million acres, it still accounts for cash receipts
nearing 4.3 billion dollars. This bibliography of about
1,500 citations to the literature covering protection of
cotton from diseases, insects, nematodes, pesticides,
other chemicals, and environmental considerations is
organized by table-of-contents headings, with each
items appearing under every appropriate heading.
Keywords: "Cotton plants, 'Bibliographies, Farm
crops, Protection, Plant diseases, Insects, Pesticides,
Environmental protection.
PB85-248441/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Improved Mobile Source Exposure Estimation.
Final rept. Jan-Jun 84,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
M. N. Ingalls. Mar 85,212p EPA/460/3-85/002
Contract EPA-68-03-3162
See also PB84-224518.
The project was conducted to provide an improved es-
timate of nationwide annual person hours of exposure
to non-reactive mobile source pollutants. National
population estimates by hour of the day were devel-
oped using the population activity files for six neighbor-
hood types from the EPA NAAQS Exposure Model
(NEM) for CO, with the addition of three mobile source
microenvironments (street canyons, tunnels and park-
ing garages). The NEM neighborhood populations to-
gether with the mobile source microenvironment popu-
lations constitute a complete hour-by-hour assignment
of the nationwide population to a set of location types.
Mobile source pollutant concentrations for the six
NEM neighborhoods were derived from 1981 CO mon-
itor data contained in the EPA SAROAD data base.
Mobile source pollutant concentrations for the three
mobile source microenvironments were derived for
data in the literature. A computer program was written
to combine the population and pollutant concentration
distributions by hour of the day to produce an annual
person hours of exposure distribution of mobile source
pollutants. If the mobile source emission rate of a pol-
lutant is known, the information in the report can be
used to determine the person hours of exposure to
various concentrations of that pollutant.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Motor vehicles, 'Air
pollution, 'Public health, Carbon monoxide, Exposure,
Computer program, Concentration(Composition),
Sources, Regional planning, Urban areas, Garages,
Streets, Roads, 'Toxic substances, Emission factors.
An interlaboratory study was conducted to determine
the precision and accuracy measurements of USEPA
Method 200.7 for the analysis of twenty seven trace
metals in water and wastewater. USEPA Method 200.7
is entitled 'Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emis-
sion Spectrometric Method for Trace Element Analysis
of Water and Waste'. The interlaboratory study design
was based upon Youden's non-replicate plan for col-
laborative tests of analytical methods. Each of six
water types was spiked with three youden pairs of the
twenty seven trace metals and analyzed by twelve lab-
oratories using both a hard and soft digestion proce-
dure. The tests water included reagent, drinking, ambi-
ent and three industrial wastewaters. The resulting
data were analyzed using a USEPA computer program
routine entitled IMVS and provided regression equa-
tions accuracy, single-analyst precision, and overall
precision for each water type/trace metal/digestion
procedure.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Trace elements, 'Metals,
"Digestion, Industrial wastes, Potable water, Water
pollution, Tables(Data), Chemical analysis, Perform-
ance evaluation, Sampling, 'Foreign technology,
*EPA method 200.7, 'Inductively coupled plasma
atomic emission spectroscopy, 'Water pollution de-
tection, Numerical solution.
PB85-248797/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Triphenyltinhydroxide as the
Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 84,105p EPA/540/RS-83-020
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Standards, 'Environmental
surveys, Hazardous materials, Regulations, Physical
properties, Chemical properties, Storage, Packaging,
'Triphenyltin hydroxide, "Registrations.
PB85-248896/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Time-Dependent, Two-Dimensional Model for Pre-
dicting the Distribution of Drilling Muds Dis-
charged to Shallow Water,
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
J. R. Yearsley. Jan 84,40p EPA/910/9-84/121
A simple method for predicting the concentration of
suspended solids is developed and tested. The model
can be used in shallow waters to evaluate the impact
of drilling mud discharge. The method is based upon a
solution to the time-dependent, two-dimensional con-
vective-diffusion equation. Principal assumptions are
that ocean turbulence gives rise to diffusion-like proc-
esses which are horizontally isotropic and independ-
ent of scale, currents are constant in magnitude and
direction, and settling of particles is characterized by
the settling velocities of several particle classes. Re-
sults of model predictions are compared to field meas-
urements from the Gulf of Alaska and Norton Sound,
Alaska. The FORTRAN source code for implementing
the method on small computers is also provided.
Keywords: 'Offshore drilling, 'Discharge, 'Mud circu-
lation, 'Shallow water, 'Drilling fluids, Water quality,
Mathematical models, Computer programs, Fortran,
Water pollution, Ocean environments, Predictions,
Concentration(Composition), Settling, Ocean currents,
Water pollution control.
PB85-248656/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Office of Research and Development.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Method
Study 27, Method 200.7 Trace Metals by ICP (In-
ductively Coupled Plasma),
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
R Maxfield, and B. Mindak. Jul 85,878p EPA/600/4-
85/051
Contract EPA-68-03-3007
428 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB85-248987/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC,
Office of Toxic Substances.
Products of Thermal Degradation of Dielectric
Fluids. Interim rept. Nov 84-May 85,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
S. E. Swanson, M. D. Erickson, and L. Moody. May 85,
32p EPA/560/5-85/022
Contract EPA-68-02-3938
See also PB85-138535.
The report describes the results of a series of experi-
ments which were conducted to augment the data pre-
sented in a previous report (EPA 560-5-84-009). The
work presented here includes both repeat runs of
those previously reported and also investigations of
materials not previously tested. The results of the
repeat runs correlate well with the previously reported
results. The formation of PCDFs and PCDDs from the
PCB-spiked mineral oil, as well as the calculated de-
struction efficiencies for PCBs, closely match the pre-
viously reported results. The repeat chlorobenzene
runs show higher levels of PCDF and PCDD formation
than previously. However, several concentrations in
the previous report are 'greater than' values: hence,
comparison is difficult. Significant amounts of PCDFs
and PCDDs were formed from the tetrachloroethylene
fluid. The two high temperature hydrocarbon fluids did
not produce PCDFs or PCDDs. It appears that, under
these thermal destruction conditions, the extent of
PCDF formation varies among dielectric fluids by sev-
eral orders of magnitude.
Keywords: "Insulating oil, "Transformers, "Combus-
tion products, "Pyrolysis, 'Air pollution, Industrial hy-
giene, Degradation, Flammability testing, 'Polychlori-
nated biphenyls, "Toxic substances.
PB85-249258/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Evaluation of Trace Organic Emissions from
Refuse Thermal Processing Facilities. Final rept.
14 Apr 81-31 Mar 82,
Systech Corp., Xenia, OH.
G. M. Higgins. Jul 82,152p
Contract EPA-68-01-6071
The report presents the results of testing, sampling
and analysis of three resource recovery facilities burn-
ing municipal wastes for emissions of tetra chlorinated
dioxins and furans in the flue gas. The stack emissions
were analyzed by the EPA PTMAX dispersion model to
determine maximum 1-hour ground level concentra-
tions. A wide distribution of isomers were reported
both for TCDDs and TCDFs. The most toxic 2378
TCDD isomer emissions from the stack ranged from
3.4 to 180 mg per ton of the fuel fired, while 2,378
TCDFs ranged from 22 to 1800 micrograms/ton.
Keywords: "Dioxins, "Emissions, "Furans, "Air pollu-
tion, Tests, Samples, "Thermal facilities, RDF,
PTMAX, Dispersion modeling.
PB85-249464/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 8):
Woodbury Chemical, Commerce City, Colorado,
July 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
19 Jul 85, 52p EPA/ROD/R08-85/003
Woodbury Chemical Company operated a pesticide
manufacturing facility at 54th Avenue and Jackson in
Commerce City, Colorado, from the late 1950s to 1965
when the facility was destroyed by fire. Fire rubble and
debris contaminated with approximately 1,565 pounds
of organochloride pesticides were disposed on an ad-
jacent empty lot which is the designated CERCLA site.
Results of the remedial investigation show contaminat-
ed soils and sediments onsite, contaminated sedi-
ments offsite, and pesticides in the ground water; how-
ever, significant contamination is limited to the rubble
piles. Selected remedial action are proposed.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, "Decontamination,
Cleaning, Soil tests, Water treatment, Ground water,
Cost estimates, Colorado, "Pollution control, Wood-
bury Chemical Company site, Commerce
City(Colorado).
PB85-249472/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
Bayou Bonfouca, Slideil, Louisiana, August 1985.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
15 Aug 85,37p EPA/ROD/R06-85/008
The Bayou Bonfouca site, a 55-acre abandoned creo-
sote works facility, is located off of West Hall Avenue
and Bayou Lane in Slideil, Louisiana. On-site creosote
waste deposits have contaminated the floor of the
bayou, two drainage pathways through the site, the
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
water zones. The selected remedial action for the site
includes: excavation, transportation and disposal of
creosote waste and the upper six inches of contami-
nated soil beneath the creosote piles and debris at a
RCRA landfill facility; and transportation and disposal
of contaminated water by deep-well injection at an ap-
proved RCRA facility.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Decontamination,
Cleaning, Creosote, Hazardous materials, Water treat-
ment, Grounds water. Soil tests, Cost estimates, Lou-
isiana, 'Pollution control, Bayou Bonfouca Site,
Slidell(Louisiana).
PB85-249480/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Main Street Well Field, Elkhart, Indiana, August
1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
2 Aug 85,31 p EPA/ROD/RO5-05/O17
The city of Elkhart is located in north central Indiana in
Elkhart County. Three well fields supply drinking water
to approximately 37,000 of the city's residents. In April
1981, during an U.S. EPA Groundwater Supply Survey,
volatile organic compounds were detected in water fur-
nished from Main Street Well Field. The selected re-
medial action includes construction of air stripping fa-
cilities to remove volatile organic compounds from the
contaminated flow from the Main Street Well Field.
The treated water will be discharged to the existing
water treatment plant and distribution system.
Keywords: Urban areas, Water wells, Water supply,
Ground water, Soils, Water treatment, Cost estimates,
Indiana, 'Water pollution control, *Air stripping, Main
Street Well Field, Elkhart(lndiana), Volatile organic
compounds.
PB85-249498/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Lansdowne Radiation Site, Lansdowne, Pennsyl-
vania, August 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
2 Aug 85,16p EPA/ROD/R03-85/014
The Landsdowne Radiation site consists of a duplex
located at 105/107 East Stratford Avenue in Lans-
downe, Pennsylvania. The dwellings are contaminated
with radium and other radionuclides as the result of
work done in one of the houses to refine radium and
produce medical devices from 1924 through 1944. Ra-
diation levels in the houses exceed current EPA guide-
lines and the Center for Disease Control has issued a
Public Health Advisory which states that, '..exposure
levels are in excess of those considered safe for
human habitation.' The selected remedial action in-
cludes permanent relocation of the residents in 105
and 107 East Stratford Avenue. This will entail pur-
chasing the property at fair market value under the
Uniform Relocation Act.
Keywords: "Radioactive contaminants, Radioactive
isotopes, Radium, Houses, Relocation, Permissible
dosage, Pennsylvania, 'Pollution control, Landsdowne
Radiation Site, Landsdowne(Pennsylvania), Radon
222, Radiation dosage.
PB85-249506/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Enforcement Decision Document (EPA
Region 5): Chem-Dyne, Hamilton, Ohio, July 1965.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
5 Jul 85, 42p EPA/ROD/R05-85/011
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Chem-Dyne site is located within the limits of the
City of Hamilton, Butler County, Ohio, which has an es-
timated 1980 population of 66,400. Chem-Dyne was a
rapidly growing corporation storing, recycling', and
disposing of almost every type of industrial chemical
waste. Operations of Chem-Dyne resulted in uncon-
trolled releases of hazardous materials. Selected re-
medial actions are proposed.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Decontamination, Haz-
ardous materials, Great Miami River, Urban areas,
Water treatment, Ground water, Soil tests, Demolition,
Cost estimates, Ohio, 'Pollution control, Chem Dyne
Site, Butler County(Ohio), Monitoring, Waste recycling
centers.
PB85-249514/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Verona Well Field, Battle Creek, Calhoun County,
Michigan (Second Remedial Action), August 1985.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
12 Aug 85, 46p EPA/ROD/R05-85/020
See also PB85-213973.
The Verona Well Field is located approximately 1/2
mile northeast of Battle Creek Calhoun County, Michi-
gan. In 1981, county health officials discovered that
water from the Verona Well Field was contaminated
with volatile hydrocarbons. The Michigan Department
of Natural Resources investigated potential sources of
the contamination, and identified the Thomas Solvent
Company facilities, the Grand Truck marshaling yard,
and the Raymond Road Landfill as possible sources of
the volatile hydrocarbons. An IRM was signed in May
1984 that provided for the installation of interceptor
wells and air stripping to prevent further deterioration
of the well field. The second remedial action is a
source control measure that includes construction of a
ground water extraction well system to contain and
collect contaminated ground water in the vicinity of the
Thomas Solvent Company's Raymond Road facility.
Contaminated ground water will be pumped to the ex-
isting Verona Well Field air stripper for treatment.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, Battle Creek River,
Waste disposal, Hazardous materials, Ground water,
Soils, Hydrocarbons, Wells, Cost estimates, Michigan,
'Water pollution control, 'Air stripping, Battle
Creek(Michigan), Calhoun County(Michlgan), Verona
Well Field.
PB85-249522/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Morris Arsenic Site, Morris, Minnesota, August
1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
7 Aug 85,11 p EPA/ROD/R05-85/015
The Morris Arsenic site is located in Stevens County,
approximately one mile northeast of Morris, Minneso-
ta. In the early 1940s, approximately 1,500 pounds of
arsenic-laced grasshopper bait was reportedly buried
in a gravel pit near the intersection of Highways 28 and
59. The subsequent construction of the Highway 59
Bypass through the general location of the burial site
has made the discovery of the exact burial location dif-
ficult. It has been presumed that the arsenic was me-
chanically dispersed during highway construction
since top soil cleared from the site for road bed prepa-
ration was later spread along the side slopes. The site
poses no imminent health hazard to the public due to
the direction of ground water movement from the site
and the minimal population concentration within the
site specific area. In addition, levels of arsenic found in
the soils at the site are within the range of natural
levels of arsenic in soil.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Pest control, Soil tests, Ar-
senic, Minnesota, "Pollution control. Morris Arsenic
Site, Stevens County(Minnesota).
PB85-249530/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
Triangle Chemical Company, Inc., Texas State
Highway 87, Bridge City, Texas, June 1985. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
11 Jun 85,53p EPA/ROD/R06-85/007
The Triangle Chemical Company site is a 2.3 acre tract
located on Texas State Highway 87, just north of the
Bridge City, Texas city limits. The Triangle Chemical
Company operated a chemical mixing and blending fa-
cility from the early 1970s until 1981. Raw materials
and finished products were stored onsite in bulk sur-
face storage tanks and 55-gallon drums. Currently, ap-
proximately 51,000 gallons of hazardous materials are
stored in 12 above-ground storage tanks. Selected re-
medial actions include: incineration and deep well in-
jection of the tank and drum contents: decontamina-
tion of all onsite structures; offsite disposal of trash
and debris; and mechanical aeration of contaminated
soils to background levels.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, Hazardous materials,
Storage tanks, Decontamination, Soil tests, Cost esti-
mates, Texas, 'Pollution control, Triangle Chemical
Company Site, Bridge City(Texas).
PB85-249548/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Kummer Sanitary Landfill, Northern Township,
Drinking Water Operable Unit, Beltrami County,
Minnesota, June 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
12 Jun 85, 41 p EPA/ROD/R05-85/014
The Kummer Sanitary Landfill occupies approximately
40 acres in the southern portion of Northern Township,
Beltrami County, Minnesota. The site was operated as
a solid waste facility from 1971 until October 1, 1984.
However, the disposal of hazardous wastes was never
documented at any time during operations. At present,
the Kummer Sanitary Landfill appears to be the major
source of volatile organic contamination found in pri-
vate drinking water wells in the area. Selected remedi-
al action includes provisions for an alternate water
supply. These provisions consist of constructing two
wells in a deep uncontaminated aquifer, a water tower
and distribution system.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Decontamination, Cleaning,
Water supply. Water wells, Aquifers, Cost estimates,
Minnesota, Solid waste disposal, 'Pollution control,
Kummer Sanitary Landfill, Beltrami
County(Minnesota), Volatile organic compounds.
PB85-249555/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
South Valley, Albuquerque, New Mexico (Initial
Remedial Measure), March 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
22 Mar 85,42p EPA/ROD/R06-85/006
The South Valley Site is located mostly in the inner
valley of Albuquerque, New Mexico. South Valley has
been designated as the State's highest priority site for
cleanup due to the presence of potentially high con-
centrations of hazardous substances in the ground-
water near the city of San Jose's wellfield. The select-
ed remedial action includes installing a new water
supply well to replace the capacity of the contaminat-
ed well, San Jose No. 6.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, "Cleaning, Decontamina-
tion, Site surveys, Hazardous materials. Water treat-
ment, Ground water, Water wells, Cost estimates, New
Mexico, "Water pollution control, South Valley Site,
Albuquerque(New Mexico).
PB85-249563/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Enforcement Decision Document (EPA
Region 5): A and F Materials Company, Greenup,
Illinois, June 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
14 Jun 85,36p EPA/ROD/R05-85/012
The A&F Materials site is located on three and three
quarter acres of land on West Cumberland Street in
Greenup, Illinois. The site is bounded by open farm-
land/woodland, the Village of Greenup Wastewater
treatment plant, and private residences. The A&F Ma-
terials facility began operation in March 1977 and con-
tinued until it shut down in 1980. The operation proc-
essed waste materials (including, but not limited to oil,
sludge, caustic and sulfuric acid) into fuel oil and fire
retardant chemicals. During the course of operations,
there were numerous violations of the permit issued to
A&F Materials by the Illinois Environmental Protection
Agency. By March 1978, four storage lagoons became
filled and began to overflow, contaminating soil and
drainage pathways leading to the Embarras River. Se-
lected remedial actions are proposed.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, "Decontamination,
Cleaning, Site surveys, Hazardous materials, Soil
tests, Water treatment, Cost estimates, Surface
waters, Illinois, "Pollution control, A and F Materials
Site, Greenup(lllinois), Monitoring.
PB85-249571/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Eau Claire Municipal Well FMd, Eau Claire County,
Wisconsin (Initial Remedial Measure), June 1985.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
10 Jun 85.38p EPA/ROD/R05-85/016
The Eau Claire Municipal Well Field oonsists of a 500-
acre site located in the northwest corner of the city of
Eau Claire, Wisconsin. The Eau Claire municipal well
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
system supplies drinking water to approximately
57,500 residents and to numerous commercial and in-
dustrial establishments in the city of Eau Claire and the
town of Washington. In March 1981, as part of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency Groundwater Supply
Survey, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Re-
sources (WDNR) tested and found the Eau Claire mu-
nicipal water supply contaminated with volatile organic
compounds. The following organic compounds were
identified in the municipal water supply: 1,1-dichlor-
oethene, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane,
and trichloroethene. The selected remedial action in-
cludes construction of air stripping facilities to remove
volatile organic compounds from the contaminated
flow. The treated water will be discharged into the mu-
nicipal water treatment plant and distribution system.
Keywords: "Water supply, "Water wells, "Decontami-
nation, Water treatment, Cost estimates, Wisconsin,
"Water pollution control, * Air stripping, Eau Claire Mu-
nicipal Well Field, Eau Claire(Wisconsin), Volatile or-
ganic compounds.
PB85-249589/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 8):
Mllltown Reservoir Sediments, Milltown, Montana
(Supplement to 04/14/84 Record of Decision),
August 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
7 Aug 85, 4p EPA/ROD/R08-85/002
See also PB85-214070.
The Milltown Reservoir Sediments site is located in
Missoula County, Montana. The site is adjacent to the
Milltown Dam where the Big Blackfoot River joins the
Clark Fork River. Constructed in 1906, this hydroelec-
tric dam formed a reservoir that trapped sediments
from mining, milling and smelting operations in the
upper Clark Fork valley. During the years since con-
struction, the reservoir storage has been almost totally
filled with arsenic contaminated sediments. The origi-
nal ROD was signed in April 1984 approving the instal-
lation of an alternative water supply, and the flushing
of the plumbing system of each house to remove sus-
pended materials from the water system. This supple-
mental ROD approves the replacement of household
water supply appurtenances and on-going sampling of
residential water systems.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, "Reservoirs, "Sedimenta-
tion tanks, Industrial wastes, Mining, Mills, Smelting,
Arsenic, Hazardous materials, Water supply, Flushing,
Cleaning, Montana, Clark Fork Valley, "Pollution con-
trol, Milltown Reservoir Sediments Site, Missoula
County(Montana), Milltown Dam.
PB8S-249S97/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Taylor Borough Site, Lackawanna County, Penn-
sylvania, June 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
28 Jun 85, 67p EPA/ROD/R03-85/013
The Taylor Borough site is located at the toe of Bald
Mountain, approximately three miles south of the City
of Scranton. The site is situated within a tract of land
that was previously coal mined and left unreclaimed
with numerous open and surface mine spoil pits. Sub-
sequently the site was used for a municipal landfill op-
eration by the City of Scranton. Selected remedial ac-
tions are proposed.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, 'Cleaning, Earth fills,
Coal mines, Open pit mining, Bald Mountain, Hazard-
ous materials, Water treatment, Cost estimates, Sur-
face waters, Soil tests, Pennsylvania, "Pollution con-
trol, Taylor Borough Site, Scranton(Pennsylvania), Mu-
nicipal wastes.
PB85-249605/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Schmaiz Dump, Harrison, Wisconsin, August 1985.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
13 Aug 85, 27p EPA/ROD/R05-85/019
The Schmaiz Dump site is located in the town of Harri-
son, Wisconsin, on the north shore of Lake Winneba-
Q0. The site occupies approximately five acres of wet-
land in the federally designated Waverly Beach Wet-
lands area. According to the Wisconsin Department of
Natural Resources and court documents, industries
dumped wastes at various locations along the north
shore of Lake Winnebago for several years. The se-
lected remedial action includes excavation and offsite
disposal of 3,500 cubic yards of contaminated building
debris.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, "Cleaning, Site surveys,
Lake Winnebago, Soil tests, Hazardous materials,
Cost estimates, Wisconsin, "Pollution control,
Schmaiz Dump Site, Harrison(Wisconsin), Wetlands.
PB85-249613/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Cross Brothers Pail Recycling Site, Pembroke
Township, Kankakee County, Illinois (initial Reme-
dial Measure), March 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
25 Mar 85, 25p EPA/ROD/R05-85/013
The Cross Brothers' uncontrolled hazardous waste
site is located approximately 14 miles east of the City
of Kankakee, Illinois, within Pembroke Township of
Kankakee County. Abner and James Cross operated a
drum and pail reclaiming operation at the site from
1961 until 1980. The operation employed a crude proc-
ess to incinerate the residue material that was con-
tained in nearly all of the drums and pails received for
reconditioning. The selected remedial action includes
offsite disposal of surficial and buried waste materials
and visibly contaminated soil.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, "Decontamination,
Cleaning, Hazardous materials, Paints, Dyes, Soil
tests, Cost estimates, Illinois, "Pollution control, Cross
Brothers Site, Kankakee County(lllinois).
PB85-249621/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 7):
Rosalie and Callahan Properties, Ellisville Area
Site, Ellisville, St. Louis County, Missouri, July
1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
10 Jul 85, 52p EPA/ROD/R07-85/004
The Ellisville Area Site is located in St. Louis County,
Missouri, about twenty miles west of downtown St.
Louis. The site is comprised of three noncontiguous
properties: the Rosalie Investment Company property,
the Callahan site and the Bliss site. Containerized and
bulk liquid and solid wastes were reportedly disposed
of on these properties during the 1970s. The types of
wastes include solvents, oils, sludges, pesticides, and
flammable gelatenous materials. Selected remedial
actions are proposed for the three sites.
Keywords: "Industrial wastes, 'Cleaning, Site surveys,
Waste disposal, Hazardous materials, Soil tests, Ero-
sion control, Cost estimates, Missouri, "Pollution con-
trol, Ellisville Area Site, St. Louis County(Missouri), St.
Louis(Missouri).
PB85-249639/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1):
McKin Site, Gray, Maine (Second Remedial
Action), July 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
22 Jul 85,61 p EPA/ROD/R01 -85/009
See also PB85-213619.
The McKin Company site is located on the west side of
Mayall Road between Route 115 and Pownall Road in
Gray, Maine. The McKin Company operated a waste
collection, transfer, and disposal facility at the site. The
selected remedial action includes: on-site soil aer-
ation; offsite disposal of approximately 16 drums; soil
tests; a groundwater extraction, treatment, and sur-
face water discharge system; off-site groundwater and
surface water monitoring program to evaluate the ef-
fectiveness of the on-site source control and off-site
groundwater extraction and treatment system; and site
removal and closure activities.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, "Decontamination,
Cleaning, Site surveys, Water treatment, Soil tests,
Cost estimates, Maine, "Pollution control, McKin Com-
pany Site, Gray(Maine), Monitoring.
PB85-249647/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Old Mill Site, Rock Creek, Ohio, August 1985. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
7 Aug 85,43p EPA/ROD/R05-85/018
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Old Mill site is in the village of Rock Creek, Ashta-
bula County, Ohio The site consists of two parcels of
land; the Henfield property and the Kraus property. In
1979, the U.S. EPA and Ohio EPA found approximately
1,200 drums of toxic waste, including solvents, oils,
resins and PCBs, stored on both the Henfield and
Kraus properties. Superfund emergency removal ac-
tivities and enforcement actions resulted in drum re-
moval that began in November 1981 and was complet-
ed by October 1982. Today, contaminated soil and
ground water remain on-site. Selected remedial ac-
tions are proposed.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, 'Decontamination,
Cleaning, Water treatment, Soil tests, Cost estimates.
Water supply, Ohio, "Pollution control. Old Mill Site,
Ashtabula County(Ohio).
PB85-249696/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Trichloroethy-
lene. Final Report,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
L. D. Anderson, S. Bayard, V. Benignus, C. W. Chen,
and J. R. Fowle. Jul 85, 378p EPA/600/6-82/006F
See also PB84-162882.
Trichloroethylene (TCI) is a solvent widely used in the
industrial degreasing of metals. It has been detected in
the ambient air of a variety of urban and non-urban
areas of the United States and also, in natural and mu-
nicipal waters. The weight of available evidence ob-
tained from both animal and human data suggest that
long-term exposure to environmental levels of TCI
poses no serious health concern to the general popu-
lation. No teratogenic potential has been demonstrat-
ed for TCI in studies conducted to date with experi-
mental animals. With respect to the mutagenic poten-
tial of TCI, the data on pure TCI do not allow a conclu-
sion to be drawn. If TCI is mutagenic, the available
data suggest it would be a very weak, indirect muta-
gen. Based on available animal data, there is sufficient
animal evidence for carcinogenicity. Based on the
Agency's Proposed Guidelines for Carcinogen As-
sessment, the overall evidence for TCI would result in
a classification of B2, i.e., a probable human carcino-
gen.
Keywords: "Industrial hygiene, 'Degreasing, 'Metals,
'Air pollution, Solvents, Toxicology, Laboratory ani-
mals, Malignant neoplasms, Urban areas, Mutagens,
Risks, "Ethylene/trichloro, 'Occupational safety and
health, "Toxic substances.
PB85-249704/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Tetrachloroeth-
ylene (Perchloroethylene). Final Report,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
V. Benignus, C. W. Chen, H. J. Gibb, M. M. Greenberg,
and C. B. Hiremath. Jul 85,268p EPA/600/8-82/005F
See also PB84-155803.
Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) is a volatile solvent with im-
portant commercial applications. It has been detected
in the ambient air of a variety of urban and nonurban
areas of the United States. It has less frequently been
detected in water but has been monitored generally at
levels of 1 ppb or less. The lowest-observed-adverse-
effect-level, based on central nervous system dysfunc-
tion, is about 100 ppm. Toxicity testing in experimental
aminals, coupled with limited human data, suggests
that long term exposure of humans to ambient levels
of PCE is not likely to represent a health concern. At
the current time, the teratogenic potential of PCE for
humans is unknown; the mammalian animal tests per-
formed to date do not indicate any significant terato-
genic potential. Although PCE epoxide nas been found
to be positive with respect to mutagenicity in bacterial
systems, the data on pure PCE suggest that if it is mu-
tagenic, it is a weak mutagen. PCE has been demon-
strated to induce malignant tumors of the liver in mice.
Keywords: 'Tetrachloroethylene, 'Toxicology, Expo-
sure, Laboratory animals, Assessments, Malignant
neoplasms, Liver, Bacteria, 'Toxic substances, 'Oc-
cupational safety and health, Pharmacokinetics, Envi-
ronmental health.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB85-249738/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
Summary of State VOC (Volatile Organic Com-
pound) Regulations.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Apr 85,426p EPA/450/2-85/003
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 require each
State in which there is an ozone nonattainment area to
adopt and submit a revised State Implementation Plan
(SIP) that meets the requirements of Section 110 and
Part D of the Act. The SIP must contain volatile organic
compound (VOC) regulations that reflect the applica-
tion of Reasonably Available Control Technology to
stationary sources for which Control Technique Guide-
lines (CTGs) published by the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency (EPA) apply. This document summa-
rizes the VOC regulations States have adopted that
apply RACT to 29 industrial source categories for
which EPA has published CTGs. In some cases,
States have developed regulations for stationary
sources where CTGs do not apply. These regulations
also have been summarized. In most cases, the State
regulations summarized are current as of August 1,
1984.	There are, however, some regulations included
in the State summaries, such as some of the VOC reg-
ulations for California, that are current as of January 1,
1985.
Keywords: 'Economic impact, "Standards, *Air pollu-
tion, State government, Regulations, "Volatile organic
compounds, Fugitive emissions, Air pollution control.
PBSS-249787/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Review of New Source Performance Standards
for Sulfuric Acid Plants.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Mar 85, 98p EPA/450/3-85/012
The report reviews the current New Source Perform-
ance Standards for Sulfuric Acid Plants. It includes a
summary of the current standards, the status of cur-
rent applicable control technology, and the ability of
plants to meet the current standards.
Keywords: "Sulfuric acid, "Chemical industry, "Gas
analysis, "Sulfur dioxide, Chemical analysis, Solutions,
Filtration, Procedures, Standards, "Air pollution con-
trol.
PB85-249611	Not available NTIS
Effects of Chlorine Dioxide on Thyroid Function
in Neonatal Rats. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. Orme, D. H. Taylor, R. D. Laurie, and R. J. Bull.
c1985,10p EPA/600/J-85/135
Prepared in cooperation with Miami Univ., Oxford, OH.
Dept. of Zoology.
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health
15, p315-322 Mar 85.
Chlorine dioxide (CI02), an alternative to chlorine for
drinking water disinfection, has been implicated as a
potential antithyroid agent (Bercz et al., 1982). Be-
cause antithytroid compounds are known to alter neur-
obehavioral development, the present study was de-
signed to determine if perinatal exposure to CI02 af-
fects behavioral activity in rat pups. (Copyright (c) 1985
by Hemisphere Publishing Corporation.)
Keywords: Toxicology, "Chlorine oxide, "Water treat-
ment chemicals, "Thyroid and antithyroid agents. De-
pression, Animal behavior, Rats, Development, Re-
prints.
PB85-249829	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Continuous Removal of Both Mutagen* and Muta-
gen-Forming Potential by an Experimental Full-
Scale Granular Activated Carbon Treatment
System. Journal article,
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Coll. of Medicine.
J C. Loper, M. W. Tabor, L. Rosenblum, and J.
DeMarco. C1985,10p EPA/600/J-85/136
Grant EPA-R-808603
Prepared in cooperation with Cincinnati Water Works,
OH.
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v19
n4 p333-339 Apr 85.
Trends in the removal of mutagens and of total organic
carbon (TOC) were measured for granular activated
carbon (GAC) in use at the Cincinnati Water Works.
(Copyright (c) 1985 by the American Chemical Socie-
ty)
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Water treatment, "Acti-
vated carbon treatment, Surface waters, Carbon com-
pounds, Bioassay, Industrial wastes, Potable water,
Byproducts, Reprints, "Mutagens, "Carcinogens,
'Drinking water.
PB85-249837	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Metabolic Activation of 3-(2-Chloroethoxy)-1,2-
Dichloropropene: A Mutagen Structurally Related
to Dlallate, Triallate, and Sulfallate. Journal article,
Cincinnati Univ. Medical Center, OH.
L. M. Distlerath, J. C. Loper, and M. W. Tabor. c1985,
11p EPA/600/J-85/138
Grant EPA-R-808603
Pub. in Environmental Mutagenesis, v7 n2 p303-312
Mar 85.
3-(2-Chloroethoxy)-1,2-dichloropropene (CP), a Sa-
monella promutagen which was recently isolated from
a sample of residue organics previously concentrated
from drinking water, is structurally related to three
other chlorinated promutagens, the S-chloroallyl thio-
carbamate herbicides diallate, triallate and sulfonate.
These four chloroallyl ether compounds were found to
be similar with respect to strain specificity, potency
and requirement for specific metabolic activation.
(Copyright (c) 1985 Alan R. Liss, Inc.)
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Salmonella, "Herbicides,
Metabolism, Mutagens, Potable water. Carbamates,
Chlorine organic compounds, Allyl chloride, Ethers,
Acroleins, Cnlorine aliphate compounds, Biphenyl, Ar-
omatic compounds, Activation, Extraction, Chloro-
methanes, Reprints, 'Mutagenicity tests, "Propenel
dichloro-chloroethoxy.
PB85-249845	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Occurrence of 'Campylobacter Jejuni' and 'Giardla
species' In Muskrat (Ondatra zlbethlca). Journal ar-
ticle,
Central Washington Univ., Ellensburg.
R. E. Pacha, G. W. Clark, and E. A. Williams. c1985,4p
EPA/600/J-85/137
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v50
n1 p177-178 Jul 85.
A total of 189 muskrat fecal samples were surveyed for
Campylobacter and Giardia species. Campylobacter
jejuni was recovered from 47.5% of these samples,
and Giardia species were detected in 82.5%. These
findings indicate that muskrat may be of importance to
the health both of humans and of domestic animals.
(Copyright (c) 1985, American Society for Microbiolo-
gy)
Keywords: "Giardia, "Rodents, Feces, Mammals, Re-
prints, "Campylobacter, "Waterborne diseases.
PB85-249852/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Glutathione Plus Cytosol- and Mlcrosome-Medlat-
ed Binding of 1,2-Dichloroethane to Polynucleo-
tides. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
E. L. C. Lin, J. K. Mattox, and M. A. Pereira. 1985,9p
EPA/600/J-85/139
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 78,
P428-435 May 85.
l,2-Dichloroethane-(1,2(i4)C) was metabolized by rat
liver microsomes to products that irreversibly bound
polynucleotides. The polynucleotides were then enzy-
matically hydrolyzed and the products separated by
HPLC equipped with an ODS or a SCX column. The
products of microsome mediated binding were identi-
fied in the HPLC eluate as 1 ,N(6)-ethenoadenosine to
polyadenylic acid, 3,N(sub 4)-ethenocytidine to polycy-
tidylic acid, and two cyclic derivatives to polyguanylic
acid. Chromatography by ODS-HPLC of the major
peak from Sephadex G-25 indicated the presence of a
GSH metabolite of 1,2-dichloroethane that does not
contain a nucleoside. A similar hydrophilic peak was
obtained from the hydrolysis products of polynucleo-
tides from a glutathione plus cytosol incubations in
which the polynucleotides instead of being added prior
to the incubation were added after the incubation. The
products of the glutathione plus cytosol metabolism of
(14 sub c)-1,2-dichloroethane appear to be glutathione
metabolites that were co-isolated with the polynucleo-
tides rather than covalently bound adducts. In conclu-
sion, covalently bound adducts were identified for mi-
crosome mediated binding of 1,2-dichloroethane to
polynucleotides, while no evidence was obtained for
glutathione plus cytosol mediated covalent binding to
polynucleotides.
Keywords: "Nucleotides, Chemical bonds, Separation,
Chromatographic analysis, Reprints, "Ethane/dich-
loro, "Microsomes, "Glutathime, High performance
liquid chromatography.
PB85-903100/HSU	Subscription
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Assist-
ance Administration Manual Updates.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Grants Administration Div.
3 Dec 84,1 p
Supersedes PB82-903100.
Paper copy available on subscription, North American
Continent price $70.00 for 2 years; all others write for
quote. Basic report available as PB85-903199.
This Assistance Administration Manual is the succes-
sor to the EPA Grants Administration Manual that was
first published by the Grants Administration Division
(GAD) in 1976. This new Manual not only reflects sev-
eral major changes in Federal grant law that resulted
from enactment of the Federal Grant and Cooperative
Agreement Act of 1977, but also incorporates changes
required by several revised environmental statutes
adopted since that date. The Assistance Administra-
tion Manual provides policies and procedures for man-
aging administrative aspects of all EPA financial as-
sistance programs except the Scientific Activities
Overseas Program (funded by U.S. owned excess for-
eign currency). Questions on that program should be
directed to EPA's Office of International Activities. The
Manual is organized to track the application, award,
and post-award phases of the assistance process.
Keywords: "Pollution, "Grants, 'Air pollution, 'Water
pollution, Tables(Data), Solid waste disposal, Sewage
treatment, Research projects, Air pollution control,
Water pollution control.
PB85-903199/HSU	PCS30.00
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Assist-
ance Administration Manual.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Grants Administration Div.
3 Dec 84,715p
Supersedes PB82;903199. Updates to this report
available on subscription as PB85-903100.
This Assistance Administration Manual is the succes-
sor to the EPA Grants Administration Manual that was
first published by the Grants Administration Division
(GAD) in 1976. This new Manual not only reflects sev-
eral major changes in Federal grant law that resulted
from enactment of the Federal Grant and Cooperative
Agreement Act of 1977, but also incorporates changes
required by several revised environmental statutes
adopted since that date. The Assistance Administra-
tion Manual provides policies and procedures for man-
aging administrative aspects of all EPA financial as-
sistance programs except the Scientific Activities
Overseas Program (funded by U.S. owned excess for-
eign currency). Questions on that program should be
directed to EPA's Office of International Activities. The
Manual is organized to track the application, award,
and post-award phases of the assistance process.
Keywords: "Pollution, "Grants, "Air pollution control,
'Water pollution control, Tables(Data), Solid waste
disposal, Sewage treatment, Research projects.
PB85-904200/HSU	Subscription
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Publica-
tions Bibliography Quarterly Abstract Bulletin.
Quarterly repts.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1985,4 issues
Supersedes PB84-904200.
Paper copy available on subscription, North American
Continent price $70.00/year; all others write for quote.
Also avilable in single copies.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The EPA Cumulative Bibliography 1970-1976 pub-
lished in December 1976 (order number PB-265 920)
contains a bibliographic citation with abstract for re-
ports generated by EPA and its predecessor agencies
and entered into the NTIS collection through 1976.
Access points to this cumulative are by Report Title;
Subject (keyword); Corporate or Personal Author; Con-
tract Number; and Accession/Report Number. Begin-
ning in March 1977, quarterly update supplements
were published listing and indexing EPA technical re-
ports and journal articles entered into the NTIS collec-
tion during the preceding quarter. An additional index
titled Sponsoring EPA Office was included as well. The
fourth issue of the year contains bibliographic citations
with abstracts for the preceding quarter and cumula-
tive indexes tor the calendar year.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, 'Air pollution, 'Water pol-
lution, Abstracts, Subject indexing, Authors, Technical
reports, Regulations, Standards, Waste disposal,
Water supply, Land use, Public health, Exhaust emis-
sions, Pesticides, Oil pollution, Radiation, 'Environ-
mental protection, Air quality maintenance, Air pollu-
tion effects(Animals), Air pollution effects(Humans),
Air pollution effects(Plants), Air pollution
effects) Materials).
PB85-911600/HSU	Subscription
Pesticide Compact Label File Update.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1985,1 issue
Supersedes PB84-911600.
Microfiche available on subscription, North American
Continent price $45.00; all others write for quote. Basic
set available as PB85-911699.
Photographs of updated and new pesticide labels plus
updated index to the entire compact label file.
Keywords: 'Documentation, 'Pesticides, Microfilm,
Labels, Information retrieval, Indexes(Documentation),
Photographs.
PB86-100146/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
User's Guide for the Multiple Airshed (MASH)
Model,
PEI Associates, Inc., Durham, NC.
R. A. Paul. Jul 85, 34p EPA/450/4-85/009
Contract EPA-68-02-3512
Multiple airshed (MASH) model calculates design
values for each of a series of ozone monitoring sites in
the U.S. Each monitor is assigned to various airsheds,
depending on time of day and the resultant wind direc-
tion for each day. Using a list of high values for each
airshed, one design value is selected for each airshed
and monitor combination. The design value associated
with a particular SMSA can be selected from the re-
sulting list of site specific design values which the pro-
gram generates for each airshed. Input data for MASH
are (1) hourly ozone values from monitors, (2) daily re-
sultant wind directions at selected meteorological sta-
tions, and (3) a coded set of instructions telling how to
allocate hourly ozone values to various airsheds based
on wind direction.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Monitors, "Air pollution, "Guide-
lines, "Mathematical models, Sampling, Meteorology,
Wind direction, Design criteria, Sites, Computer pro-
grams, "Air shed models, "Air pollution sampling, "Air
quality, 'User manuals(Computer programs).
PB86-100179/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Determination ot Fenthion Residues In Samples
of Marine Biota and Seawater from Laboratory
Exposures and Field Applications. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
E M Lores, J. C. Moore, J. Knight, J. Forester, and J.
Clark. 1985,6p EPA/600/J-85/124
Pub. in Jnl. of Chromatographic Science, v23 p124-
127 Mar 1985.
A method for measuring fenthion in samples from the
estuarine environment is described. The method was
applied to samples from field applications of fenthion
to control saltmarsh mosquitos. The method, offers an
improvement in the silica gel cleanup of Watts (11),
and yields greater than 85% recovery of fenthion from
water, plant, fish and shrimp tissues. Gas-liquid chro-
matography with thermionic detection was used to
432 Vol. 90, No. 24
quantify fenthion residues as low as 0.010 micro-
grams/L in seawater and 0.010 micrograms in biota.
Keywords: "Insecticides, "Water analysis, "Marine at-
mosphere, "Sediments, Experimental design, Sea
water, Field tests, Pest control, Gas chromatography,
Exposure, Florida, Sampling, Reprints, "Water pollu-
tion detection, "Fenthion, Mosquitoes.
PB86-100203	Not available NTIS
Inhalation Studies of Mt. St. Helens Volcanic Ash
in Animals. 1. Introduction and Exposure System.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. A. Graham, F. J. Miller, D. W. Davies, M. E.
Hiteshew, and L. C. Walsh. C1985,12p EPA/600/J-
85/128
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC. See also PB86-100211.
Pub. in Environmental Research 37, n1 p61 -71 Jun 85.
Due to the lack of information on the effects of inhaled
Mt. St. Helens volcanic ash and its potential interaction
with sulfur dioxide (S02), animal studies were per-
formed to determine the acute and chronic health ef-
fects of a short-term exposure. This paper describes
the inhalation exposure system designed for these
studies and theoretically compares the pulmonary
deposition in the rats to that in humans. Considering
the similarities and differences in regional pulmonary
deposition in humans and animals, inhalation studies
were performed with fine-mode (<2.5 um aerodynam-
ic diameter, Dae) ash. Comparisons to coarse-mode
(>2.5 um Dae) ash were made using intatracheal in-
stillation. A whole-body exposure system was de-
signed to provide inhalation exposures of animals to
Mt. St. Helens volcanic ash. S02, or a combination of
both. All exposures were conducted using fine-mode
ash samples generated by a Wright dust feed mecha-
nism at a mean concentration of 9.4 mg/m3 (plus or
minus) 1.0 SD. Sulfur dioxide was maintained at 2.5
mg/m3 (plus or minus) 0.13 SD. Scanning electron mi-
croscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray fluorescence
were used to characterize the ash. (Copyright (c) 1985,
Academic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Volcanic ejecta, Deposition,
Respiration, Rats, Laboratory animals, Reprints, "Air
pollution effects(Animals), "Inhalation provocation
tests.
PB86-100211	Not available NTIS
Inhalation Studies of Mt. St. Helens Volcanic Ash
In Animals. 2. Lung Function, Biochemistry, and
Histology. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. A. Raub, G. E. Hatch, R. R. Mercer, M. Grady, and P.
C. Hu. c1985,13p EPA/600/J-85/129
See also PB85-198851, and PB86-100203. Prepared
in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in Environmental Research 37, p72-83 Jun 85.
Rats were exposed by inhalation to 9.4 mg/m3 size-
fractionated volcanic ash for 5 days (2hr/day) and ex-
amined for changes in pulmonary function and histolo-
gy for periods of up to 1 year. Fine-mode volcanic ash,
§02, and a combination of ash and S02 produced no
observable effects in normal rats and rats with elas-
tase-induced emphysema. However, there was a mild
irritant response to S02 which was not influenced by
the volcanic ash. Rats injected intratracheal^ with
fine-mode volcanic ash or saline showed no evidence
of pulmonary alterations after 6 months. Those inject-
ed with coarse-mode volcanic ash showed minor pul-
monary functional changes, histologically detectable
alveolitis, and small increases in lung weight. In con-
trast, quartz-injected rats showed large alterations in
pulmonary function, lung weight, hydroxyproline levels,
and large areas of lung consolidation and fibrosis.
(Copyright (c) 1985, Academic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Volcanic ejecta, Respiration,
Lung, Sulfur dioxide, Rats, Laboratory animals, Re-
prints, "Mount St. Helen, "Air pollution
effects(Animals), "Inhalation provocation tests.
PB86-100260	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Mechanistic Roles of Soil Humus and Minerals in
the Sorption of Nonionic Organic Compounds
from Aqueous and Organic Solutions. Journal arti-
cle,
Geological Survey, Denver, CO.
C. T. Chiou, T. D. Shoup, and P. E. Porter. C1985,8p
EPA/600/J-85/121
Prepared in cooperation with Oregon State Univ., Cor-
vallis. Dept. of Agricultural Chemistry.
Pub. in Organic Geochemistry, v8 n1 p9-14 Jan 85.
Mechanistic roles of soil humus and soil minerals and
their contributions to soil sorption of nonionic organic
compounds from aqueous and organic solutions are il-
lustrated. Parathion and lindane are used as model so-
lutes on two soils that differ greatly in their humic and
mineral contents. In aqueous systems, observed sorp-
tive characteristics suggest that solute partitioning into
the soil-humic phase is the primary mechanism of soil
uptake. By contrast, data obtained from organic solu-
tions on dehydrated soil suggest that adsorption by
soil minerals is the major process. The relative signifi-
cance of solute partitioning into humic phase ana ad-
sorption by soil minerals is influenced by the soil-mois-
ture content and by the solvent medium from which the
solute is sorbed.
Keywords: "Soil water, 'Humus, "Sorption, 'Organic
compounds, "Water pollution, Adsorption, Mathemati-
cal models, Insecticides, Nitro compounds, Phospho-
rus organic compounds, Sulfur organic compounds,
Chlorine organic compounds, Chlorine aliphatic com-
pounds, Cycloalkane compounds, Moisture content,
Arid land, Reprints, 'Parathion, Phosphorothioic acid/
O-O-(dimethyl-ester), O-(nitrophenyl-ester), "Lindane,
Cyclohexane/hexachloro.
PB88-100278/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparative Acute Sensitivities of Early Life
Stages of Atherinid Fishes to Chlorpyrlfos and
Thiobencarb. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
P. W. Borthwick, J. M. Patrick, and D. P. Middaugh.
1985,11 p EPA/600/J-85/122
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 14, p465-473 1985.
Sensitivity, expressed as the 96-h LC50 derived from
acute lethality tests, was compared for four ages (day-
of-hatch, 7-d, 14-d, and 28-d) of three atherinid fishes:
Leuresthes tenuis (California grunion), Menidia meni-
dia (Atlantic silverside), and Menidia peninsulae (tide-
water silverside). Responses of each age-spec{es
combination exposed to the organophosphate insecti-
cide, chlorpyrifos, and the carbamate herbicide, thio-
bencarb, were compared in both static and flowing
seawater toxicity tests. Chlorpyrifos was highly toxic to
all atherinids (96-h LC50's ranged from 0.4 to 6.7 mi-
crograms/L); toxicity of thiobencarb was approximate-
ly two orders of magnitude lower (LC50 values from
199 to 1405 micrograms/L). Acute lethal responses to
each pesticide were similar among the three species.
Sensitivity was generally highest for 7-d and 14-d age
groups, and flowing-water tests were more sensitive
measures of toxicity than static tests, especially for
chlorpyrifos.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Fishes, Reprints, Leuresthes
tenuis, Menidia menidia, Menidia peninsulae, "Chlor-
pyrifos, "Carbamate herbicides, "Thiobencarb.
PB88-100286	Not available NTIS
Effects of Carcinogenic Agents on Aquatic Ani-
mals: An Environmental and Experimental Over-
view. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
J. A. Couch, and J. C. Harshbarger. C1985,44p EPA/
600/J-85/123
Prepared in cooperation with Smithsonion Institution,
Washington, DC. Registry of Tumors in Lower Animals
Pub. in Environmental Carcinogenesis Reviews 3, n1
P63-105 1985.
A major underlying motivation for seriously studying
carcinogenesis in aquatic animals is the concept of uti-
lizing selected lower animal species as models in un-
derstanding neoplasia and the neoplastic process. Nu-
merous examples may be cited which illustrate the
contribution that ectothermic animals, as models, have
made to the principles of pathology, physiology, bio-
medicine, and now, perhaps, oncology. The purpose of
the paper is to provide an overview of the present
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ronmental and experimental studies of carcinogens
and cancer.
Keywords: 'Toxic substances. Aquatic animals, Mol-
lusca, Fishes, Reprints, 'Carcinogenesis, Animal
models, Cancer.
PB86-100294/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Responses of Macrobenthos Colonizing Estuarine
Sediments Contaminated with Drilling Mud Con-
taining Diesel Oil. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
M. E. Tagatz, G. R. Plaia, andC. H. Deans. 1985,11 p
EPA/600/J-85/125
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v35 p112-120 1985.
Boxes filled with clean sand or clean sand with a 2-cm
overlay of mixtures of sand with barite or drilling mud
were placed in Santa Rosa Sound, Florida to deter-
mine the effects of a used lime drilling-mud on field-
colonized macrobenthic communities. Effect of the
drilling mud on community structure was greater than
that of its barite component after colonization for 8
weeks. Barite causes changes in texture of the sedi-
ment and thereby recruitment. The average numbers
of animals and species in boxes containing 1:10 and
1:3 mixtures of mud to sand were significantly less
than those in control boxes and most of the barite/
sand mixtures. The Shannon-Weaver index of diversi-
ty, Simpson's index of dominance, and the Bray-Curtis
dissimilarity index differed only for 1:3 mud/sand com-
munities. Toxic effects of the lime drilling mud were at-
tributed to a diesel fuel oil component.
Keywords: 'Benthos, "Diesel fuels, "Drilling fluids,
"Water pollution, "Santa Rosa Sound, Barite, Fuel oil,
Mixtures, Calcium oxides, Mud, Sands, Toxicity, Re-
prints, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), Species di-
versity.
PB86-100310/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Regulatory History and Experimental Support of
Uncertainty (Safety)Factors. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
M. L. Dourson, and J. F. Stara. 1983,17p EPA/600/J-
83/315
Pub. in Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 3,
p224-238 1983.
A synthesis of available literature on uncertainty
(safety) factors which are used to estimate acceptable
daily intakes (ADIs) for toxicants is presented. The
synthesis reveals reasonable qualitative biological
premises, as well as specific biological data that sup-
port both the use and choice of these factors. A sug-
gestion is made in order to derive a range of ADI. Re-
search needs in various areas of uncertainty are also
identified.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Safety, Regulations, Reprints,
'Acceptable daily intakes.
PB86-100328	Not available NTIS
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Rate Constants for tha Reactions of 03 and OH
Radicals with a Series of Alkynes. Journal article,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
R Atkinson, and S. M. Aschmann. c1984,11 p EPA/
600/J-84/331
Pub. in International Jnl. of Chemical Kinetics 16.
p259-268 Mar 84.
Rate constants for the reactions of 03 and OH radicals
with acetylene, propyne and 1 -butyne have been de-
termined at room temperature. The data, especially
those for the 03 reactions, which are significantly
lower than reported literature data, are discussed and
compared with the available literature rate constants.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Alkynes, "Reaction kinetics, "Air
pollution. Acetylene, Propyne, Butyne, Reprints, "Hy-
droxyl radicals, "Atmospheric chemistry.
PB86-100336	Not available NTIS
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Kinetics of the Reaction of OH Radicals with a
Series of Branched Alkanes at 297 + or - 2 K.
Journal article,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
SGdrch Contor
R. Atkinson, W. P. L. Carter, S, M. Aschmann, A. M.
Winer, and J. N. Pitts. C1984,15p EPA/600/J-84/330
Pub. in International Jnl. of Chemical Kinetics, v16
p469-481 Apr 84.
Relative rate constants for the reaction of OH radicals
with a series of branched alkanes have been deter-
mined at 297 + or - 2 K, using methyl nitrite photolysis
in air as a source of OH radicals. Rate constants for
2,2-dimethylbutane, 2,4-dimethylpentane and methyl-
cyclohexane have been determined for the first time,
while those for the other branched alkanes are in gen-
erally good agreement with the literature data. Primary,
secondary, and tertiary group rate constants at room
temperature have been derived from these and previ-
ous data for alkanes and unstrained cycloalkanes, with
the secondary and tertiary group rate constants de-
pending in a systematic manner of the identify of the
neighboring groups. The use of these group rate con-
stants, together with a previous determination of the
effect of nng strain energy on the OH radical rate con-
stants for a series of cycloalkanes, allows the a-priori
estimation of OH radical rate constants for alkanes
and cycloalkanes at room temperature.
Keywords: "Alkanes, "Reaction kinetics, "Air pollution,
Reprints, 'Hydroxyl radicals, "Atmospheric chemistry,
Butane/dimethyl, Pentane/dimethyl, Cyclohexane/
methyl.
PB86-100351	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Productivity of Field-Grown Soybeans Exposed to
Simulated Acidic Rain. Journal article,
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
L. S. Evans, K. F. Lewin, M. J. Patti, and E. A.
Cunningham. C1983,13p EPA/600/J-83/320
Prepared in cooperation with Manhattan Coll., Bronx,
NY. Lab. of Plant Morphogenesis.
Pub. in New Phytologist 93, p377-388 1983.
Two experiments were performed during the summer
of 1981 to determine the effects of simulated acidic
rain on seed yields of soybeans grown using standard
agronomic practices. In one experiment, plants were
shielded from all ambient rainfall and exposed to simu-
lated rainfall in quantities equal to the average amount
of rainfall that occurs at the site. Seed yields of soy-
beans exposed twice weekly to simulated rain of pH
4.1, 3.3, and 2.7 were, respectively, 10.7, 16.8, and
22.9% below yields of plants exposed to simulated
rain of pH 5.6. A treatment-response function of seed
yield vs rainfall pH was y = 7.40 + 1.025x and had a
correlation coefficient of 0.997 (y is seed mass per
plant and x is the pH of the simulated rain). In a second
experiment, soybean plants were not shielded from
ambient rainfall (weighted mean hydrogen ion concen-
tration equal to pH 4.04) and received only small vol-
umes of simulated rainfall three times weekly. (Copy-
right (c) 1983 The New Phytologist.)
Keywords: "Acidity, "Soybeans, "Air pollution, "Water
pollution, Rainfall, pH, Yield, Exposure, Reduction,
Seeds, Reprints, 'Acid precipitation.
PB86-100369	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Comparison of Microbial Bloassays for the Detec-
tion of Aquatic Toxicants. Journal article,
Montana State Univ., Bozeman. Dept. of Microbiology.
G. A. McFeters, P. J. Bond, S. B. Olson, and Y. T.
Tchan. C1983,7p EPA/600/J-83/319
Grant EPA-R-807256
Prepared in cooperation with Sydney Univ. (Australia).
Pub. in Water Research, v17 n12 p1757-17621983.
The toxicity of 35 test chemicals was analyzed using
two microbial bioassay systems. The commercially
available Microtox Toxicity Analyzer System and the
two-organism procedure of Tchan were used to deter-
mine the concentration of test chemicals resulting in a
50 percent reduction in response EC(sub 50). Both of
the test employed a luminescent bacterium while the
procedure of Tchan also utilized a alga. Results from
the two microbial tests were compared with available
data obtained with fish toxicity bioassays and with
each other. As a notable exception, photosynthesis-in-
hibiting herbicides were detected at remarkably lower
concentrations with the procedure of Tchan than any
of the other bioassays. Potential applications for these
tests are discussed.
Keywords: 'Bioassays, "Microorganisms. 'Water pol-
lution, 'Monitors, "Aquatic animals, Herbicides,
Concentration(Composition), Fishes, Bacteria, Algae,
Toxicity, Comparison, Reprints, 'Toxic substances,
"Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB86-100377	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Evaluation of Sediment and Phosphorus Manage-
ment Practices in the White Clay Lake Watershed.
Journal article,
Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources, Madison.
L. A. Persson, J. O. Peterson, and F. W. Madison.
C1983, 12p EPA/600/J-83/318
Grant EPA-R-804823
Pub. in Water Resources Bulletin, v19 n5 p753-762
Oct 83
To evaluate the effects of management practices for
protection of water quality in White Clay (Wisconsin),
surface and lake waters were monitored for a six-year
period before and during structural and management
changes for nonpoint pollution source control. The in-
cremental nature of implementing controls combined
with the annual variations in sediment and nutrient
transport confounded obvious changes in water qual-
ity. So, several models were linked together to define
loadings from specific land uses and to assess the ef-
fects of management changes and animal waste con-
trol measures designed to reduce sediment and phos-
phorus losses.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Lakes, "Water-
sheds, Management, Nutrients, Mathematical models,
Animal wastes, Sediments, Phosphorus, Soil erosion,
Snowmelt, Losses, Livestock, Reprints, "Nonpoint
sources, Organic loading.
PB86-100385	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Implications of the Calcium-Aluminum Exchange
System for the Effect of Acid Precipitation on
Soils. Journal article,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Agronomy.
J. O. Reuss. C1983,6p EPA/600/J-83/317
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality, v12 n4 p591-595
1983.
Calcium-aluminum exchange isotherms were generat-
ed for three common ion exchange equilibrium equa-
tions, and their implications relative to the probable ef-
fects of acid rainfall are examined. The equations ex-
amined were those of Gaines and Thomas (1953),
Vanselow (1932), and Gapon (1933), using selectivity
coefficients K(sub g+), K(sub v), ud K(sub gp), respec-
tively, covering the range likely to be found in soils.
These isotherms, shown as fraction Al in solution as a
function of the charge fraction compensated by ex-
changeable Ca-2(E*ca) or Ca-f 2(E'ca), are affected
by solution concentration but are independent of
cation exchange capacity. These results are useful in
predicting the changes in Ca-AI balance in soil solu-
tions and leachates over time as a result of H2So4
and/or S02 impacts.
Keywords: "Ion exchanging, "Soil analysis, "Calcium,
"Aluminum, "Chemical equilibrium, "Environmental
surveys, Isotherms, Leaching, Sulfur dioxide, Sulfuric
acid, Air pollution, Ions, Reprints, "Acid rain, Numerical
solution.
PB86-100393	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Discovering the Causes, Consequences, and im-
plications of Acid Rain and Atmospheric Deposi-
tion. Journal article,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. School of Forest
Resources.
E. B. Cowling. C1983,6p EPA/600/J-83/316
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Pub. in Tappi Jnl., v66 n9 p43-46 Sep 83.
Much has been learned in recent years about air pollu-
tion, acid precipitation and atmospheric deposition and
their effects on public welfare. There are still unan-
swered questions about certain aspects of these prob-
lems and possible strategies for their solution. Public
concern about acid rain is very evident today in many
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
parts of the world. Effects on aquatic ecosystems, agri-
cultural crops and forests, on the soils and water qual-
ity are being carefully studied.
Keywords: * Air pollution, "Forestry, "Wood products,
'Surface waters, "Public health. Water pollution,
Water quality, Transport properties, Sources, Sulfuric
acid, Nitric acid, Farm crops, Soils, Reprints, "Acid
rain, 'Toxic substances, "Air pollution
effects(Humans), Land pollution, Natural emissions,
Ecosystems.
PB86-100401	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Simulated Acidic Rain on Yields of
Field-Grown Radishes and Garden Beets. Journal
article,
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
L. S. Evans, K. F. Lewin, and E. A. Cunningham.
C1982,16p EPA/600/J-82/447
Prepared in cooperation with Manhattan Coll., Bronx,
NY. Lab. of Plant Morphogenesis.
Pub. in Agriculture and Environment 7, p285-298 1982.
Experiments were performed to determine the effects
of simulated acidic rain on yields of garden beet and
radish grown under standard agronomic practices.
Plots were exposed to small additions of simulated rain
with pH levels of 5.7,4.0,3.1, and 2.7. The spray to wet
simulated rain applications had volumes similar to
those of most ambient summer rainfalls. Some plots
received no simulated rain applications. All plants were
exposed to ambient rainfalls at Brookhaven National
Laboratory (Upton, NY, U.S.A.) which had a mean
weighted pH of 4.06 during the summer of 1980.
(Copyright (c) 1982 Elsevier Scientific Publishing Com-
pany.)
Keywords: 'Acidity, 'Vegetables, "Air pollution,
"Water pollution, Yield, Exposure, Summer, pH, Rain-
fall, Vegetation, Injuries, Simulation, New York, Re-
prints, 'Acid precipitation, Radishes, Beets.
PB86-100419	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Ammonium Sulfate Aerosols on Vege-
tation. 1. Chamber Design for Long-Duration Ex-
posures. Journal article,
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
N. F. Gmur, L. S. Evans, and K. F. Lewin, C1983, 9p
EPA/600/J-83/321
Prepared in cooperation with Manhattan Coll., Bronx,
NY. Lab. of Plant Morphogenesis.
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v17 n4 p707-714
1983.
A plant growth chamber has been constructed to
expose a large number of plants to a uniformly distrib-
uted concentration of submicrometer aerosols of
known particle size distribution and chemistry for peri-
ods up to 3 weeks. The chamber design with features
controlled externally provides regulation of wind veloc-
ity, temperature, relative humidity, air exchange, light-
ing, irrigation and aerosol injection. This facility pro-
vides adequate plant growth in the presence and ab-
sence of submicrometer ammonium sulfate aerosols
of known particle size distribution in order to determine
deposition rates, mode of entry and effects of submi-
crometer aerosols on vegetables.
Keywords: "Aerosols, 'Plant growth, 'Exposure, "Air
pollution, Wind velocity, Particle size, Chemical proper-
ties, Chambers, Sulfur dioxide, Ammonium sulfate,
Design, Reprints.
PB86-100476/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Portland Cement Plants: Background Information
for Proposed Revisions to Standards. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
May 85, 125p EPA/450/3-85/003A
Contract 68-02-3817
Revisions to the standards of performance for the con-
trol of emissions from portland cement plants (40 CFR
Part 60.60) are being proposed under the authority of
Section 111 of the Clean Air Act. The document con-
tains a summary of the information gathered during the
review of this new source performance standard.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Standards, 'Port-
land cements, Industrial wastes, Reviews, Combustion
434 Vol. 90, No. 24
products, Particles, "Standards of performance, 'New
source performance standards, Clean Air Act.
PB86-100559/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of the Efficiency of Industrial Flares:
Flare Head Design and Gas Composition. Final
rept. Oct 83-Dec 84,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
J. H. Pohl, and N. R. Soelberg. Sep 85,140p EPA/
600/2-85/106
Contract EPA-68-02-3661
See also PB83-263723.
The report gives continued Phase 4 results of a re-
search program to quantify emissions from, and effi-
ciencies of, industrial flares. Initial results were limited
to tests conducted burning propane/nitrogen mixtures
in pipe flares without pilot light stabilization. The work
reported here extends the previous results to other
flare head designs and other gases and includes a lim-
ited investigation of the influence of pilot flames on
flare performance. Results included: (1) flare head
design influences the flame stability curve, (2) combus-
tion efficiency can be correlated with flame stability for
pressure heads and coanda steam injection heads; (3)
for the limited conditions tested, flame stability and
combustion efficiency of air-assisted heads correlated
with the momentum ratio of air to fuel (the heating
value of the gas had only minor influence), (4) limited
data on an air-assisted flare show that a pilot light im-
proves flame stability, (5) the destruction efficiency of
compounds depends on the structure of the com-
pounds, and (6) for compounds tested in this program,
the destruction efficiency of different compounds
could be correlated with the flame stability curve for
each.
Keywords: 'Flares, 'Industrial plants, 'Waste dispos-
al, 'Air pollution control, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Gas analysis, Flammability testing, Molecular struc-
ture, Tables(Data), 'Flare heads, Fuel-air ratio.
PB86-100567	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Drinking Water and Cancer Incidence in Iowa. 3.
Association of Cancer with Indices of Contamina-
tion. Journal article.
Iowa Univ., Iowa City.
P Isacson, J. A. Bean, R. Splinter, D. B. Olson, and J.
Kohler. C1985,15p EPA/600/J-85/158
Grant EPA-R-806301
See also PB84-171230.
Pub. in American Jnl. of Epidemiology, v121 n6 p856-
869 Jun 85.
With data from the Iowa Cancer Registry, age-adjusted
sex-specific cancer incidence rates for the years 1969-
1981 were determined for towns with a population of
1,000-10,000 and a public water supply from a cingle
stable ground source. These rates were related to
levels of volatile organic compounds and metals found
in the finished drinking water of these towns in the
spring of 1979. Results showed association between
1,2 dichloroethane and cancers of the colon and
rectum and between nickel and cancers of the bladder
and lung. The effects were most clearly seen in males.
These associations were independent of other water
quality and treatment variables and were not explained
by occupational or other sociodemographic features
including smoking. Because of the low levels of the
metals and organics, the authors suggest that they are
not casual factors, but rather indicators of possible an-
thropogenic contamination of other types. The data
suggest that water quality variables other than chlorin-
ation and trihalomethanes deserve further consider-
ation as to their role in the development of human
cancer.
Keywords: 'Malignant neoplasms, Iowa, Occurrence,
Smoking, Nickel, Reprints, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), 'Cancer, Drinking water, Ethane/
dichloro.
PB86-100575	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Uptake of Inorganic Lead In vitro by Isolated Mi-
tochondria and Tissue Slices of Rat Renal Cortex.
Journal article,
Temple Univ., Philadelphia, PA. School of Medicine.
S. C. Kapoor, G. D. V. van Rossum, K. J. O'Neill, and I.
Mercorella. c1985,11 p EPA/600/J-85/157
Grant EPA-R-806616
Prepared in cooperation with Rome Univ. (Italy). 1st. di
Patologia.
Pub. in Biochemical Pharmacology, v34 n9 p1439-
1448 May 85.
Slices of rat renal cortex were shown to take up Pb2 +
during incubation in vitro: Pb2 + was also shown to
enter mitochondria within the slices. The uptake of
Pb2+ by isolated mitochondria was inhibited by N3-,
La3 + and ruthenium red. A steady state of uptake was
attained within 60 sec. The concentration dependence
of uptake was complex; maximum uptake was attained
at 25 micromols and inhibition ensued at higher con-
centrations. A substantial inhibitor-resistant compo-
nent of Pb2 + uptake was noted, especially at medium
Pb2+ concentrations greater than 25 micromoles,
and these concentrations also inhibited respiration
state 3. The effects on respiration were reduced if the
mitochondria had been preincubated with ruthenium
red,
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), Rats, Tissues, In vitro analy-
sis, Mitochondria, Reprints, 'Heavy metals.
PB86-100583	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Septotemporal Gradients of Trimethyltln-lnduced
Hlppocampal Lesions. Journal article,
Arkansas Univ. for Medical Sciences, Little Rock.
L. W. Chang, and R. S. Dyer. c1985,8p EPA/600/J-
85/161
Pub. in Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology 7,
n1 p43-49 1985.
Rats were administered 6 mg/kg trimethyltin (TMT)
PO, and sacrificed at various time points (up to 60
days) for pathological evaluation. Studies along the full
extent of the septotemporal axia revealed region-spe-
cific and cell field-specific damage. Dentate granule
cells were most affected at the temporal pole and were
only minimally affected at the septal pole. CA3c py-
ramidal neurons were affected along the full extent of
the septotemporal axis. CA3a and CA3b pyramid cells
were most affected in the septal pole, and virtually un-
affected in the temporal pole. It is suggested that
CA3a and CA3b pyramidal cell damage may be de-
pendent upon functionally intact granule cells.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Rats, Reprints, *Tin/trimethyl,
Hippocampus.
PB86-100591/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Introduction to Ground-Water Tracers. Final rept.
Sep 82-Dec 84,
Arizona Univ., Tucson. Dept. of Hydrology and Water
Resources.
S. N. Davis, D. J. Campbell, H. W. Bentley, and T. J.
Flynn. Mar 85, 216p* EPA/600/2-85/022
The general field of ground-water tracers is introduced
along with some basic hydrogeologic principles used
in planning and conducting tracer tests. The final chap-
ter describes tracer types by category and provides in-
formation on specific field techniques, detection limits,
laboratory analysis, etc.
Keywords: 'Ground water, "Hydrogeology, 'Water
pollution, Field tests, Water table, Injection wells
Ground water recharge, Detection, Water wells!
Design, Ions, Laboratories, Heat flow, Fuel oils, Dyes
Water flow, Toxicity, Hydraulic conductivity!
Concentration(Composition), 'Tracer studies, Path of
pollutants.
PB86-100641 /HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Vinytlcton*
Chloride. Final Report,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trianale
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
D. K. Basu, J. Becker, J. T. Colman, M. W. Neal, and J
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
See also PB84-126762. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
Vinylidene chloride is a highly reactive, flammable,
clear colorless liquid. In the absence of chemical in-
hibitors, it can produce violently explosive, complex
peroxides. The estimated, ambient air level of vinyli-
dene chloride in urban-suburban areas of the United
States is 20 micrograms/cu m. The median concentra-
tion (14 micrograms/cu m) for ambient air at point
sources of emission is substantially higher. Following
oral or inhalation exposure, mammals readily absorb
vinylidene chloride. Metabolites of vinylidene chloride,
formed in the liver, produce toxic lesions in the liver
and kidneys (the target organs), with inhibitors of me-
tabolism providing protection from vinylidene chloride
toxicity. The acute hepatotoxicity of vinylidene chloride
is greater than that of any other chloroethylene. Based
on the overall evidence, VDC would be a Group 3
chemical according to the IARC (International Agency
for Research in Cancer's) approach, and by definition,
a Group 3 chemical cannot be classified according to
its carcinogenicity to humans. However, the mutagenic
activity of VDC, its chemical structure, its activity as a
tumor initiator in mouse skin, and the ability of its meta-
bolites to react with DNA raise concern that the total
body of evidence should not be lightly dismissed.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Vinylidene chlo-
ride resins, 'Toxicology, 'Hazardous materials, 'Air
pollution, Ecology, Assessments, Exposure, Molecular
structure, Urban areas, Public health, Soils, Mutagens,
Carcinogens, Transport properties, Water pollution,
Risk, Sources, Physical properties, Solid waste dispos-
al, Air pollution, 'Environmental health, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Air pollution effects(Animals), "Air pollution
effects(Humans), 'Health risks, 'Air pollution
effects(Plants), Point sources, Land pollution, Mon-
omers, Pharmacokinetics.
PB86-100874/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health Risk Assessment Approach for 2,3,7,8-Te-
trachlorodlbenzo-p-DloxIn,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
D. Mukerjee, C. H. Ris, and J. Schaum. Jun 85, 80p
EPA/600/8-85/013
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is one of
the most toxic and environmentally stable pollutants.
In addition to various toxic effects, TCDD has been
found to cause teratogenic, fetocidai, reproductive and
carcinogenic effects in animals. In humans it adversely
affects various organ systems and is probably carcino-
genic'as well. The report documents the methodolo-
gies utilized by the United States Environmental Pro-
tection Agency in its development of health risk as-
sessment from exposure to TCDD.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Environmental sur-
veys, 'Toxicology, 'Public health, 'Industrial hygiene,
'Waste disposal, Exposure, Risk, Assessments,
Sources, Industrial wastes, Ecology, Air pollution,
Water pollution, Ecology, Humans, Exhaust emissions,
Materials tests, Plants(Botany), Animals, Microorga-
nisms, Physiological effects, 'Health risks, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Environmental health, 'Occupational safety
and health, 'Dibenzodioxin/tetrachloro, Path of pollut-
ants, Land pollution, Bioaccumulation, Mutagenesis,
Dioxin(Herbicides), Dioxin(Bacterides).
PB86-100757/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Field Experiment to Partition the effects of Dry
and Wet Deposition on Metallic Materials,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. W. Spence, F. H. Haynie, E. O. Edney, and D. C.
Stiles. Sep 85,12p EPA/600/D-85/198
At a material exposure site located at the Research
Triangle Park, NC, the Environmental Protection
Agency began in 1982 a study to partition the effects
of dry and wet deposition on galvanized and weather-
ing steel panels. At the site, air quality and meteorolog-
ical parameters are continuously measured and report-
ed as hourly averages. The concentration and chemis-
try of particles and the amount of rainfall and chemistry
are also recorded. In this study a mobile device covers
a set of panels only during each rain event. Another
set of panels is exposed uncovered at the site. The
panels are exposed and cleaned according to stand-
ard ASTM procedures. After two years of exposure the
weight-loss of the galvanized steel for the uncovered
exposure was nearly twice the weight-loss recorded
for the covered condition.
Keywords: 'Steels, 'Field corrosion tests, Weathering.
PB86-100765/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Texas Univ. at Austin.
Proposed Mechanisms on the Formation of Acidic
Aerosols from Precursors,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. L. Durham, and J. R. Brock. Sep 85, 21 p EPA/600/
D-85/199
Sponsored by Texas Univ. at Austin.
Atmospheric particles acidify through the processes of
nucleation, condensation, coagulation, and gas-parti-
cle chemical reactions. The gas-phase pathway de-
pends on the generation of free radicals that oxidize
sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and organic com-
pounds to acids, followed by either nucleation or con-
densation. The aqueous-phase pathway acidification
proceeds through the reactions of dissolved reduc-
tants and oxidants. The pathways for accumulation of
sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and organic acids in particles
may differ in responses to factors such as liquid water
content of the particles and mass accommodation co-
efficients of reactants. Laboratory chemical kinetic re-
sults indicate that photochemical gas-phase and co-
absorbed oxidant reaction pathways for S(IV) may be
important simultaneously, for example, in industrial-
urban air during the summer. However, during the night
and during the winter, aqueous-phase pathways
should dominate. Laboratory investigations of the oxi-
dation of nitrogen dioxide indicate that the gas-phase
photochemical pathway is important, but the aqueous-
phase is not. Gas-phase photochemical oxidation of
organics is generally established, but the aqueous-
pathways have not received sufficient attention to es-
tablish their importance.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, 'Acids, 'Photochemical reac-
tions, 'Particles, 'Air pollution, Sulfuric acid, Nitric
acid, Organic acids, Nucleation, Condensation, Free
radicals, Hydrogen peroxide, Ozone, Particle size dis-
tribution, Oxidation reduction reactions, Troposphere,
Concentration(Composition). Urban areas. 'Chemical
reaction mechanisms, 'Atmospheric chemistry, ^cid
PB86-100963	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Use of Plume Dispersion Modelling for Viable Aer-
osols from an Activated Sludge Sewage Treat-
ment Plant. Journal article,
Illinois Univ. at the Medical Center, Chicago. School of
Public Health.
J. A. Holden, and L. R. Babcock. C1985,22p EPA/
600/J-85/156
Grant EPA-R-805003
Pub. in Environmental Pollution (Series B) 9, p215-235
1985,
Predictions of the emissions of airborne total viable
particle (TVP) concentrations from sewage are of con-
cern due to possible adverse human health effects.
Two types of modelling approaches were explored:
dispersion modelling such as the Gaussian plume dis-
persion model and statistical modelling. Until a better
method is found for estimating the ambient total viable
decay rate and defining background concentrations,
the Gaussian plume dispersion modelling technique
does not appear to provide a more useful approach for
estimating TVP concentrations downwind from an acti-
vated sludge sewage treatment plant than does down-
wind from an activated sludge sewage treatment plant
than does statistical modelling.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Aerosols, 'Sludge
disposal, 'Public health, Air pollution, Activated sludge
process,	Sewage	treatment,
Concentration(Composition), Plumes, Solid waste dis-
posal, Comparison, Toxicology, Reprints, "Air pollution
effects(Humans), 'Atmospheric dispersion, 'Patho-
gens, Gaussian plume models.
PB86-100971/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Comparison of Mixed Flask Culture and Standard-
ized Laboratory Model Ecosystems for Toxicity
Tests,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
L. J. Shannon, M. C. Harrass, J. D. Yount, and C. T.
Walbridge. Sep 85,43p EPA/600/D-85/214
Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Univ.-Duluth.
Two microecosystem protocols, the Standardized
Aquatic Microcosm (SAM) method developed by Dr.
Frieda Taub and associates (1982) and the Mixed
Flask Culture (MFC) method of Dr. John Leffler (1981),
were compared on the basis of their response to
copper sulfate. These protocols differed in microcosm
structure, age, and the variables monitored. Although
responses were similar with both systems, the SAM
procedure provided considerably more insight into the
changes in population densities and nutrient cycling
responsible for the observed ecosystem level
changes. The SAM protocol was much more labor In-
tensive and required about six times more laboratory
effort than did the MFC protocol.
Keywords: "Toxicity, 'Aquatic biology, 'Copper sul-
fate, 'Water pollution, Tests, Culture media, Respira-
tion, Comparison, Density(Mass/volume), Popula-
tions, "Ecosystems, Microcosms, SAM method.
PB86-100989/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Investigation of Transient Aspects of Atmospher-
ic Dispersion Processes in the Wake of a Building
Through Video Image Analysis,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
A. H. Huber, and S. P. S. Arya. Sep 85, 8p EPA/600/D-
85/217
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina State
Univ. at Raleigh. Dept. of Marine, Earth and Atmos-
pheric Sciences.
The processing of continuous video images is now
very feasible and applicable to the study of the tran-
sient nature of atmospheric transport and the highly
variable pollutant concentrations near buildings. Re-
search is now ongoing to best develop and refine ap-
propriate methods of analysis. The present capabilities
for video image analysis are summarized.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Transport proper-
ties, 'Buildings, "Wake detection, *Air pollution,
"Images, Concentration(Composition), Smoke, Optical
detection, Feasibility, Wind(Meteorology), Chimneys,
'Atmospheric dispersion, 'Air pollution detection.
PB86-100997	Not available NTIS
Analysis of Trlfluorothymidine-Reslstant (TFT(sup
r)) Mutants of L5178Y/TK(sup + /-) Mouse Lym-
Rhoma Cells. Journal article,
ealth Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. M. Moore, D. Clive, J. C. Hozier, B. E, Howard, and
A. G. Batson. C1985,15p EPA/600/J-85/153
Prepared in cooperation with Burroughs Wellcome
Co., Research Triangle Park, NC., and Florida Inst, of
Tech., Melbourne.
Pub. in Mutation Research 151, p161 -174 1985.
Three classes of TFTr variants of L5178Y/TK+/- -
3.72C mouse lymphoma cells can be identified - large
colony (lambda), small colony (Sigma),and tiny colony
(tau). The sigma and lambda mutants are detectable in
the routine mutagenesis assay using soft agar cloning.
The tau mutants are extremely slow growing and are
quantified only in suspension cloning in microwells.
Variants of all three classes have been analyzed in the
process of evaluating the usefulness of the thymidine
kinase locus in L5178Y/TK +/- mouse lymphoma
cells for detecting induced mutational damage. 150 of
152 variants from mutagen treated cultures and 163 of
168 spontaneous mutants were TFTr when rechal-
lenged approximately 1 week after isolation (3 weeks
after induction). All of the 41 mutants assayed for
enzyme activity were TK-deficient. The sigma and tau
phenotypes were found to correlate with slow cellular
growth rates (doubling time > 12 h), rather than from
effects of the TFT selection or mutagen toxicity. Cyto-
genetic analysis of sigma mutants approximately 3
weeks after induction shows an association between
the sigma phenotype and readily observable (at the
230-300 band level) chromosomal abnormalities (pri-
marily translocations involving that chromosome 11
carrying the functional TK gene) in 30 of 51 induced
mutants studied.
Keywords: 'Lymphomas, *Cells(Biology), Mice, En-
zymes, Assaying, Reprints, 'Mutants, *Thymidine/tri-
fluoro, "Mutagenesis.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PBB6-101003	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Inorganic Lead In vitro on Ion Ex-
changes and Respiratory Metabolism of Rat
Kidney Cortex. Journal article,
Temple Univ., Philadelphia, PA. School of Medicine,
G. D. V. van Rossum, S. C. Kapoor, and M. S.
Rabinowitz. C1985, 9p EPA/600/J-85/154
Contract EPA-68-03-2381
Pub. in Archives of Toxicology 56, pi 75-181 1985.
The effects of Pb2+ added in vitro to tissue slices, iso-
lated tubules and isolated mitochondria of rat kidney
cortex have been studied. Slices were depleted of K +
and loaded with Na+, CI- and water by pre-incubation
at 1C, and reversal of these changes was then induced
by incubation under metabolically favorable condi-
tions. The net reaccumulation of K + was reduced by a
maximum of 30% when Pb2+ was present in the
medium, the maximal effect being caused by 200 mi-
cromoles Pb2 + . Lead also caused a reduction of
Na+ extrusion which was approximately equimolar
with its effect on K + , but it did not affect the extrusion
of CI- and water. The initial rates of the net, active
movements of K+ and Na+ were not altered by
Pb2+, divergence from control values only being
noted after 15-30 min incubation.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), *lon exchangers, In vitro
analysis, Rats, Kidneys, Tissues, Metabolism, Re-
prints.
PB86-101011	Not available NTIS
Effects of Selenium on 7,12-
Dlmethylbenz(a)anthracene-lnduced Mammary
Carcinogenesis and DNA Adduct Formation. Jour-
nal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. Ip, and F. B. Daniel. C1985, 7p EPA/600/J-85/155
Prepared in cooperation with Roswell Park Memorial
Inst., Buffalo, NY.
Pub, in Cancer Research, v45 p61 -65 Jan 85.
The purpose of the present investigation was to deter-
mine the effects of dietary selenium deficiency or
excess on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-
induced mammary neoplasia in rats and to delineate
whether selenium-mediated modification of mammary
carcinogenesis was associated with changes in carcin-
ogen: DNA adduct formation and activities of liver mi-
crosomal enzymes that are involved in xenobiotic me-
tabolism. Results of this experiment indicated that se-
lenium deficiency enhanced mammary carcinogenesis
only when this nutritional condition was maintained in
the postinitiation phase. Likewise, an excess of seleni-
um intake inhibited neoplastic development only when
this regimen was continued after DMBA administra-
tion. In either case, deficient or excess selenium at the
time of carcinogenic insult failed to produce a signifi-
cant effect on subsequent tumor yield, if selenium
intake was returned to normal during the proliferative
phase of tumor growth. Based on the results of these
studies, it is suggested that selenium-mediated modifi-
cation of mammary tumorigenesis is not exerted via al-
terations in carcinogenic initiation (i.e., metabolism or
DNA adduct formation).
Keywords: 'Carcinogenesis, 'Selenium, 'Toxicology,
'Deoxyribonucleic acids, Metabolism, Liver, Enzymes,
Substitutes, Malignant neoplasms, Public health,
Human nutrition, Laboratory animals, Rats. Chemical
analysis, Reprints, 'Environmental health, 'Benzanth-
racene/dimethyl.
PB86-101060/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Fate of Environmental Pollutants. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
P. H. Pritchard. 1985,12pEPA/600/J-85/148
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
v57 n6 p658-667 Jun 85.
Published literature on the environmental fate of pollut-
ants published during 1984 are reviewed. Short ex-
cerpts are presented from each reference covering
such areas as photolysis, biodegradation, hydrolysis,
sorption, and volatility for pollutants including pesti-
cides, hydrocarbons, heavy metals, polynuclear hydro-
carbons, and other toxic organic chemicals.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, "Sediments, 'Biodeterior-
ation,	'Organic	compounds,
Conc'entration(Composition), Molecular structure, Dif-
fusion, Adsorption, Microorganisms, Anaerobic proc-
esses, Soil analysis, Photolysis, Hydrolysis, Sorption,
Pesticides, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Re-
prints, 'Path of pollutants, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls,
Phenol/pentachloro, Ecosystems, Land pollution,
Heavy metals, Dibenzodioxin/tetrachloro.
PB86-101078	Not available NTIS
Effects of Lugworms and Seagrass on Kepone
(Trade Name) (Chlordecone) Distribution in Sedi-
ment/Water Laboratory Systems. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
E. J. O'Neill, C. A. Monti, P. H. Pritchard, A. W.
Bourquin, and D. G. Ahearn. c1985, 7p EPA/600/J-
85/150, CONTRIB-488
Prepared in cooperation with Georgia State Univ., At-
lanta.
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v4
p453-458 1985.
Laboratory systems need to incorporate complex
processes, such as bioturbation and sorption by
plants, to predict the fate of a toxicant in an aquatic en-
vironment. Two experiments were designed to study
the influence of lugworms (Arenicola cristata) and sea-
grass (Thalassia testudinum) on Kepone distribution in
sediment-water microcosms. Radiolabeled Kepone
was introduced into these continuous flow systems,
and the dissolved and sorbed concentrations were
quantified. The activities of lugworms decreased the
Kepone concentration in the water and increased the
concentration sorbed to sediment. Seagrasses slightly
affected toxicant distribution by delaying the dissolved
concentration equilibrium. The fate of Kepone was in-
fluenced by more complex processes than can be con-
sidered in simple laboratory tests. Such processes
must be studied in microcosms to adequately predict
toxicant distribution in natural ecosystems.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, "Water pollution, Insecticides,
Chlorine organic compounds, Reprints, 'Kepone,
Mirex, Lugworms, Seagrasses, Arenicola cristata, Tha-
lassia testudinum.
PB86-101086	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Effects of Turbidity on Calcification Rate, Protein
Concentration and the Free Amino Acid Pool of
the Coral 'Acropora cervlcornis'. Journal article,
Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Dept. of Ocean-
ography.
J. J. Kendall, E. N. Powell, S. J. Connor, T. J. Bright,
andC. E. Zastrow. C1985,15p EPA/600/J-85/151
Grant EPA-R-806793
Pub. in Marine Biology 87, p33-46 1985.
Calcification rate in the coral Acropora cervicornis was
reduced significantly when exposed for 24 h to 100-
ppm kaolin, but was unchanged in corals exposed to
50-ppm kaolin. Calcification rate returned to control
levels during a 48-hr recovery period. Most free amino
acids (FAA) in the FAA pool decreased significantly in
corals exposed to 100-ppm kaolin, but were un-
changed in corals exposed to 50-ppm kaolin. After a
48-h recovery period, the FAA pool remained consid-
erably below control levels in the 100-ppm exposed
corals and dropped below control levels in the 50-ppm
exposed corals. Calcification rate dropped less and
later during the exposure period in the growing tip than
in sections further down the stalk. (Copyright (c)
Springer-Verlag 1985.)
Keywords: 'Turbidity, 'Coral, 'Calcification,
'Stress(Physiology), 'Water pollution, Proteins, Amino
acids, Kaolin, Exposure, Concentration(Composition),
Recovery, Metabolism, Reprints, 'Acropora ceruicor-
nis.
PB86-101094	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Effect* of Chemical Speciation on the Mineraliza-
tion of Organic Compounds by Microorganisms.
Journal article,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
E. L. Madsen, and M. Alexander. C1985,9p EPA/600/
J-85/147
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology 50, n2
p342-349 Aug 85.
The mineralization ot 1.0 to 100 ng/ml of four com-
plexing compounds-oxalate, citrate, nitrilotriacetate
(NTA), and ethylene diaminetetraacetate (EDTA)--was
tested in media prepared according to equilibrium cal-
culations by a computer program so that the H, Ca,
Mg, Fe, or Al complex (chemical species) was pre-
dominant. The different activities of the bacterial iso-
lates was not a result of toxicity of the complexes or
the lack of availability of a nutrient element. NTA min-
eralization was not enhanced by additions of Ca to
Beebe Lake water, but it was enhanced when Ca and
an NTA- degrading inoculum was added to water from
an oligotrophic lake. The data show that chemical spe-
ciation influences the mineralization of organic com-
pounds by naturally occurring microbial communities
and by individual bacterial populations.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Microorganisms,
"Soil microbiology, Oxalates, Citrates, EDTA, Comput-
er programs, Reprints, "Acetic acid/nitrilo-tri, 'Ethy-
lenedinitrilo tetraacetates, 'Mineralization.
PB86-101102/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Toxicity Reduction Evaluations in Municipal
Wastewater Treatment,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
D. J. Ehreth, and D. F. Bishop. Sep 85, 23p EPA/600/
D-85/211
A policy to develop water-quality-based permit limita-
tions for toxic pollutants entering treatment plants is
being developed because, even with efficient removal
of conventional pollutants, significant amounts of toxic
substances are being discharged through the Nation's
wastewater treatment systems. To support the policy
of water-quality-based permit limitations on toxic pol-
lutants, an overall water-quality-based toxic control
process is evolving. A key step in this overall control
process is a Toxicity Reduction Evaluation (TR E) at an
individual municipal or industrial wastewater treatment
plant. After a toxics water quality problem is confirmed
at a plant, the TRE (which involves an integrated moni-
toring approach employing both specific chemical and
bioassay techniques) (1) evaluates the toxicity reduc-
tion occurring across the plant and determines the
probable cause of the excessive toxicity in the dis-
charge (2) traces the toxicity to its source and, at the
same time, identifies the components, if possible, and
(3) evaluates control alternative to eliminate the ex-
cessive pass-through. Some data from a toxicity re-
duction survey of six Ohio municipal wastewater treat-
ment plants are given. The progress on toxicity reduc-
tion research suggests that the TRE concept may be
an affordable approach to solve the site-specific prob-
lems of toxicity discharges by treatment plants.
Keywords: 'Water quality, "Licenses, 'Water pollution
control, 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Toxicity, Bioas-
says, Chemical analysis, Ohio, Sites, Sources, Sur-
veys, Pesticides, Water analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Substitutes, 'Toxic sub-
stances, "Municipal wastes, 'Toxicity reduction eval-
uations, 'Water pollution detection, Case studies.
Tracer studies.
PB86-101110	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Analytical Isolation, Separation and Identification
of Mutagens from Nonvolatile Organlcs of Drink-
ing Water. Journal article,
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Dept. of Environmental Health.
M. W. Tabor, and J. C. Loper. c1985,38p EPA/600/J-
85/146
Grant EPA-R-808603
Pub. in International Jnl. of Environmental Analytical
Chemistry 19, n4 p281 -3171985.
A general procedure has been developed for the con-
centration/fractionation of mutagenic residue organics
from small, <50L, and large, to 1200L, volumes of
drinking water obtained from a variety of sources. This
procedure features concentration of the residue or-
ganics chromatographically by passage of the water
through XAD-2 and XAD-7 resins in specially designed
columns, details of which are given. The residue or-
ganics are eluted from the resins via organic solvents,
followed by solvent removal and subsequent bioassay
for mutagenicity. Then the residue organics are frac-
tionated via a coupled bioassay/analytical fractiona-
tion method which progressively focuses to the bioac-
tive constituents of the complex mixture of residue or-
ganics. In this report, results for the optimal operation
and validation of the concentration system are given
using drinking water derived from an industrially pollut-
ed river system, a wilderness river system and a major
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
aquifer sytem. The methodologies described in this
paper provide a comprehensive approach for the con-
centration/isolation of residue organics from drinking
water for studies to identify biohazardous compounds
and to characterize these compounds biologically.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water analysis, "Muta-
gens, "Bioassay, Separation, Chemical analysis,
Water pollution, Distillation, Industrial wastes, Rivers,
Aquifers,	Hazardous	materials,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, 'Water pollu-
tion detection, XAD resins.
PB86-101128/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Influence of Breathing Mode and Activity Level on
the Regional Deposition of Inhaled Particles and
Implications for Regulatory Standards,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
F. J. Miller, T. B. Martonen, M. G. Menache, D. M.
Spektor, and M. Lippmann. Sep 85,16p EPA/600/D-
85/210
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC., and New York Univ.
Medical Center, NY.
Particulate size-selective sampling is an important
consideration in determining ambient air quality stand-
ards and threshold limit values for workplace expo-
sures. Hazard evaluations, as well as risk analyses,
can benefit from an improved understanding of factors
affecting regional respiratory tract deposition of parti-
cles in man. Here, thoracic deposition and its compo-
nent parts are examined, as a function of particulate
size, for ventilation rates ranging from normal respira-
tion to heavy exercise in individuals who are habitual
mouth breathers and in those who normally employ
oronasal breathing when minute ventilations exceed
approximately 35 1/Lmin. The logistic models yielded
significantly improved fits of the experimental data
compared to previously used linear regression models.
Out analyses demonstrate that the activity level of the
exposed population should be taken into account to
assess the potential health consequences from ambi-
ent or workplace exposures.
Keywords: 'Particle size, 'Regulations, 'Standards,
"Industrial hygiene, Risk, Ventilation, Assessments,
Exposure, Hazardous materials. Mathematical models,
Public health, Respiratory systems, Sampling, 'Occu-
pational safety and health, 'Air quality, 'Indoor air pol-
lution, 'Air pollution effects(Humans), Threshold limit
values.
PB86-101136/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Chlordimeform Produces Contrast-Dependent
Changes In Visual Evoked Potentials of Hooded
Rats. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
W. K. Boyes, D. E. Jenkins, and R. S. Dyer. 1985,19p
EPA/600/J-85/160
Pub. in Experimental Neurology 89, n2 p391-407 Aug
85.
Acute exposure to the insecticide/acaricide chlordime-
form (CDM) produces large, selective and transient
changes in visual evoked potentials of rats. Experi-
ments were conducted investigating the influence of
physical characteristics of the evoking stimuli on the
CDM effect. Adult male Long-Evans rats with epidural
visual cortex electrodes were used. In Experiment 1,
several alternating square wave grating pattern sizes
were used to elicit pattern reversal evoked potentials
(PREPs). In Experiment 2, PREPs were elicited with
gratings oriented at 0 (horizontal), 45, 90, or 135 de-
grees. Treatment with 40 mg/kg CDM increased PREP
amplitudes and latencies regardless of orientation. In
Experiment 3, flash evoked potentials (FEPs), elicited
with strobe flashes spanning four log units of Intensity,
showed a small but significant CDM does X intensity
interaction on P2N2 peak-to-peak amplitude.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, Exposure, Rats, Laboratory
animals, Reprints, "Evoked responses, Chlordime-
form.
PB86-101144/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Prevalence of Persistent Cough and Phlegm in
Young Adults In Relation to Long-Term Ambient
Sulfur Oxide Exposure. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. S. Chapman, D. C. Calafiore, and V. Hasselblad.
1985, 9p EPA/600/J-85/159
Pub. in American Review of Respiratory Disease 132,
n2 p261-267 Aug 85.
In early 1976, a survey of persistent cough and plegm
(PCP) prevalence was conducted in 5623 young adults
in four Utah communities. Over the previous five years,
community specific mean sulfur dioxide levels had
been 11,18, 36, and 115 micrograms per cubic meter.
Corresponding mean suspended sulfate levels had
been 5, 7, 8, and 14 micrograms per cu. m. No inter-
community exposure gradient of total suspended par-
ticulates or suspended nitrates was observed. In moth-
ers, PCP prevalence among non-smokers was 4.2% in
the high-exposure community and about 2.0% in all
other communities. In smoking mothers, PCP preva-
lence was 21.8% in the high-exposure community and
about 15.0% elsewhere. In fathers, PCP prevalence
among non-smokers was about 8.0% in the high-expo-
sure community and averaged about 3.0% elsewhere.
In smoking fathers, PCP prevalence was less strongly
associated with sulfur oxide exposure. PCP preva-
lence rates estimated in a categorical logistic regres-
sion model were qualitatively consistent with the pre-
valences presented above.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Sulfur oxide, Smoking, Utah,
Respiratory system, Surveys, Humans, Reprints, "Air
pollution effects(Humans).
PB86-101151	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Aerobic and Anaerobic Degradation of Aldlcarb
Sulfone In Soils. Journal article,
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Soil Science.
L. T. Ou, K. Sture, V. Edvardsson, J. E. Thomas, and P.
S. C. Rao. c1985,5p EPA/600/J-85/152
Grant EPA-R-810464
Pub. in Jnl. of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 33, n3
p545-548 May/Jun 85.
(S-methyl-14C) Aldicarb sulfone (2-methyl-2-
(methylsulfonyl)proprionaldehyde	O-
(methylcarbamonyl)oxime) was incubated under aero-
bic and anaerobic conditions in surface and subsur-
face soils from Florida and Georgia. Evolution of
(14C02), formation of metabolites, and amounts of ex-
tractable and nonextractable 14C were measured in
soils incubated with (14C) aldicarb sulfone. Mineraliza-
tion and disappearance of the carbamate varied great-
ly from soil to soil. Aldicarb sulfone nitrile and aldicarb
sulfone acid were the two major metabolites. In addi-
tion, a TLC polar product, aldicarb sulfone oxime, and
three unidentified products were detected.
Keywords: 'Soil analyses, "Aerobic processes, "An-
aerobic processes, 'Biodeterioration, 'Isotopic label-
ing, Pesticides, Thin layer chromatography, Microorga-
nisms, Lake Hamilton, Carbon 14, Oxidation, Reaction
kinetics, Reprints, 'Aldicarb sulfone, 'Aldicarb sulfox-
ide.
PB86-101169/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Products Identified at an Alternative Disinfection
Pilot Plant,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
B. W. Lykins, and W. Koffskey. Sep 85,38p EPA/600/
D-85/203
Prepared in cooperation with Jefferson Parish Dept. of
Public Utilities, LA.
Many drinking water utilities have recently changed or
are considering changing their disinfection practice
from chlorine to some alternative. Because changes
are being made without evaluating the chemical effect,
this study evaluated four parallel streams dosed with
four disinfectants: chlorine, monochloramine, chlorine
dioxide, and ozone. These streams along with a fifth
parallel stream without disinfection (control) were
passed through both sand and granular activated
carbon.
Keywords: 'Disinfection, 'Water treatment, Pilot
plants, Potable water, Sand filtration, Chlorine, Mon-
ochloramine, Chlorine dioxide, Ozone, Substitutes,
'Chemical treatment, Granular activated carbon treat-
ment.
PB86-101177	Not available NTIS
X-ray Microanalysis of Calcium, Potassium, and
Phosphorus In Liver Mitochondria Stressed by
Carbon Tetrachloride. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. R. Millette, A. L. Allenspach, P. J. Clark, P. T.
McCauley, and I. S. Washington. c1965, 8p EPA/600/
J-85/140
Prepared in cooperation with Miami Univ., Oxford, OH.
Dept. of Zoology.
Pub. in Jnl. of Analytical Toxicology, v9 p145-151 Jul/
Aug 85.
Previous measurements of elemental concentrations
in liver mitochondria have generally required homo-
genation and fractionation of liver tissue, a procedure
in which it is difficult to rule out ion movement between
subcellular units. New techniques involving cryo-ultra-
microtomy of rapidly frozen tissue, high resolution
scanning transmission electron microscopy and X-ray
microanalysis were used to measure those elements
in rat liver mitochondria reported to have changed fol-
lowing oral administration of carbon tetrachloride
(CCI4). Increases in liver mitochondrial calcium were
found 24 hours following intoxication by CCI4. Signifi-
cant early (2 hours) mitochondrial increases in potassi-
um and phosphorus were found following administra-
tion of CCI4. The electron microscope technique using
quick frozen samples promises to allow measurement
of intracellular ionic concentrations under virtually life-
like conditions.
Keywords: "Carbon tetrachloride, *X ray analysis, 'Mi-
croanalysis, 'Calcium, 'Potassium, 'Phosphorus,
'Toxicology, 'Environmental surveys, Bioassay, In
vivo analysis, Laboratory animals, Rats, In vitro analy-
sis,	Chemical	analysis,	Liver,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, "Environmen-
tal health, "Liver mitochondria.
PB86-101185	Not available NTIS
Determination of Sulfur Dioxide, Nitrogen Oxides,
and Carbon Dioxide In Emissions from Electric
Utility Plants by Alkaline Permanganate Sampling
and Ion Chromatography. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J. H. Margeson, J. E. Knoll, M. R. Midgett, G. B.
Oldaker, and W. E. Reynolds. c1985, 7p EPA/600/J-
85/141
Prepared in cooperation with Entropy Environmental-
ists, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry 57, n8 p1586-1590 Jul 85.
A manual 24-h integrated method for determining S02,
NOx, and C02 in emissions from electric utility plants
was developed and field tested downstream from an
S02 control system. Samples were collected in alka-
line potassium permanganate solution contained in re-
stricted-orifice impingers. Samples were analyzed by
ion chromatography. The method showed 100% col-
lection efficiency for all three pollutants at a sample
flow rate of 35 cu cm/min and was found to be unbi-
ased relative to independent monitoring systems. Fur-
ther work is needed to determine the error in the S02
determination caused by H2S04 absorption.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Gas analysis,
'Manuals, Electric power plants, Chemical analysis,
Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Carbon dioxide, Sam-
pling, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Oxida-
tion, Reprints, 'Alkaline permanganate sampling, 'Ion
chromatography, 'Air pollution detection.
PB86-101193/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Sorption Dynamics of Hydrophobic Pollutants in
Sediment Suspensions. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
S. W. Karickhoff, and K. R. Morris. 1985,14p EPA/
600/J-85/142
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v4 n4
P469-479 1985.
Sorption of hydrophobic organic chemicals in natural
sediment suspensions was found to frequently require
extended time periods (days to weeks) for complete
equilibrium. Sorption dynamics could be described by
a two-compartment model that distinguished a rapid or
'labile' exchangefrequlring at mo9t a few hours to
achieve) from highly retarded or 'nonlabile' sorption re-
quiring days or weeks to occur. For highly hydrophobic
chemicals and high solid concentrations, the labile
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
fraction decreased to 0.1 or less in some systems. The
kinetic exchange constant for nonlabile sorption varied
inversely with the sorption equilibrium constant. An un-
derstanding of sorption dynamics is important in de-
scribing the fate of highly sorbed pollutants in aquatic
systems.
Keywords: "Sediments, "Sorption, 'Water pollution,
Suspended sediments, Organic compounds. Chemical
equilibrium, Mathematical models, Extraction, Kinetics,
Recovery, Concentration(Composition), Marine biol-
ogy, Reprints.
PB86-101201	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Interaction of Soil Moisture Stress and Ambient
Ozone on Growth and Yields of Soybeans. Journal
article,
Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD.
H. E. Heggestad, T. J. Gish, E. H. Lee, J. H. Bennett,
and L. W. Douglas. C1985, 7p EPA/600/J-85/143
Pub. in Phytopathology 75, p472-477 Apr 85.
A field experiment was conducted in open-top cham-
bers to determine how interactions of soil moisture
stress and exposure to ozone may affect soybean
yields. Cultivars Williams and Forrest were grown in
1982 and Williams & Corsoy in 1983. Five levels of 03-
including charcoal-filtered (CF) and nonfiltered(NF) air-
and two soil moisture regimes(averaging -0.05 M Pa,
and about -0.40 M Pa at depths of 0.25 and 0.45m)
were employed. This report describes a significant
interaction involving soil moisture stress(SMS) and the
CF and NF air treatments. These results provide the
first experimental evidence that exposure to elevated
ambient 03 may cause plants to lose tolerance to
Keywords: "Ozone, "Soil moisture, "Soybean plants,
"Growth, "Air pollution, Field tests, Stress(Physiology),
Filters, Toxicity, Exposure, Toierances(Physiology),
Reprints, "Glycine max, Charcoal filters.
PB86-101409	Not available NTIS
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Effects of Ring Strain on Gas-Phase Rate Con-
stants. 2. OH Radical Reactions with Cycloal-
kenes. Journal article,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center,
R. Atkinson, S. M. Aschmann, and W. P. L. Carter.
C1983,18p EPA/600/J-83/314
Pub. in International Jnl. of Chemical Kinetics, v15
p1161-1177 Nov 83.
Relative rate constants for the gas phase reactions of
OH radicals with a series of cycloalkenes have been
determined at 298 + or - 2 K, using methyl nitrite pho-
tolysis in air as a source of OH radicals. The data show
that the rate constants for the nonconjugated cycloal-
kenes studied depend on the number of double bonds
and the degree of substitution per double bond, and in-
dicate that there are no obvious effects of ring strain
energy on these OH radical addition rate constants. A
predictive technique for the estimation of OH radical
rate constants for alkenes and cycloalkenes is pre-
sented and discussed.
Keywords: "Reaction kinetics, "Cycloalkenes, "Airpol-
lution, Reprints, 'Hydroxyl radicals, "Atmospheric
chemistry.
PB86-101417	Not available NTIS
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
Metabolic Basis for Injury to Plants from Combi-
nations of 03 and S02. Studies with Modifiers of
Pollutant Toxicity. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D M. Olszyk, and D. T. Tingey. c1985, 6p EPA/600/J-
85/120
Sponsored by California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air
Pollution Research Center.
Pub. in Plant Physiology 77, p935-939 1985.
Pisum sativum L. cv Alsweet (garden pea) and Lyco-
persicon esculentum Mill, flacca (mutant tomato) were
chosen to evaluate the metabolic basis for plant injury
from combinations of 03 + S02. The plants were ex-
posed under conditions reported to specifically alter
03 or S02 toxicity; light versus dark exposures, and
treatment with the fungal metabolite fusicoccln (FC),
438 Vol. 90, No. 24
the 03 injury inhibitor. Thus, a metabolic mechanism
affected by both pollutants may be associated with the
combination injury, e.g. effects the plasma membrane.
Keywords: "Metabolism, "Sulfur dioxide, "Vegetable
plants, "Toxicity, Air pollution, Ozone, Injuries, Expo-
sure, Controlled atmospheres, Metabolism, Reprints,
"Pisum satinum, "Lycopersicon esculentum.
PB86-101425	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Reproductive Development in Male Deer Mice Ex-
posed to Aggressive Behavior. Journal article,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. Dept. of Zoolo-
gy-
J. M. Whitsett, and L. L. Miller. c1985, 5p EPA/600/J-
85/126
Grant EPA-R-809428
Pub. in Development Psychobiology 18, n3 p287-290
1985.
Male deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii) were
reared in a long photoperiod and housed individually
from 3 weeks of age until they were killed 2, 4, or 6
weeks later. Males that were exposed to aggressive
females for 2 min, three times per week, were of
normal body weight and healthy, but had smaller re-
productive organs than did males exposed to a control
treatment. Reproductive development in male deer
mice is responsive to at least two classes of social
stimuli: pheromones and aggressive behavior.
Keywords: "Aggression, "Reproduction(Biology), Be-
havior, Mice, Exposure, Development, Reprints, Deer
mice, Peromyscus maniculatus.
PB86-101706/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Field Comparison of PM10 Inlets at Four Loca-
tions. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
C. E. Rodes, D. M. Holland, L. J. Purdue, and K. A.
Rehme. Apr 85,12p EPA/600/J-85/127
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v35
n4 p345-354 Apr 85.
A comprehensive field study was conducted compar-
ing the performance of PM(sub 10) inlets under a vari-
ety of field conditions. Inlets for low flow, medium flow,
and high flow samplers were evaluated at four sam-
pling locations providing a range of concentrations and
particle sizes. Sampler precisions were determined at
each location along with the regression parameter es-
timates comparing sampler types. The daily distribu-
tions of mass by aerodynamic diameter were meas-
ured using the Wide Range Aerosol Classifier and the
composited data reported. The expected mass con-
centrations were calculated using the sampler effec-
tiveness data and the size distributions and then com-
pared to the measured values. This permitted exami-
nation of the utility of the proposed Federal Reference
Method (FRM) approach for specifying PM(sub 10)
samplers. The comparison results indicate that the
precisions of the PM(sub 10) samplers are well within
the FRM requirements. Exceptions included the
Sierra/Andersen Model 321 hi-vol inlet, which appears
to significantly overcollect as the result of dry particle
bounce, and the GMW 9000 hi-vol inlet, which appears
to significantly undercollect, perhaps as the result of
the internal surfaces becoming dirty.
Keywords: "Samplers, "Aerosols, "Particles, Assess-
ments, Field tests, Comparison, Sites, Sampling, Per-
formance evaluation, Mass, Air pollution, Particle size
distribution, Concentration(Composition), Experimen-
tal design, Fines, Statistical analysis, Reprints, "Air
pollution sampling, Case studies, Dichotomous sam-
plers, High volume samplers, Federal reference
method.
PB86-101714	Not available NTIS
U.S. Cancer Mortality 1950-1978: A Strategy for
Analyzing Spatial and Temporal Patterns. Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
K. G. Manton, E. Staltard, J. P. Creason, and W. B.
Riggan. c1985,13p EPA/600/J-85/145
Prepared in cooperation with Duke Univ., Durham, NC.
Center for Demographic Studies. See also PB84-
196914.
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v60 p369-
3801985.
There are a number of technical and statistical prob-
lems in monitoring the temporal and spatial variation of
local area death rates in the United States for evi-
dence of systematically elevated risks. An analytic
strategy is proposed to reduce one of the major statis-
tical concerns, i.e., that of identifying areas with truly
elevated mortality risks from a large number of local
area comparisons. This analytic strategy involves two
stages. The first is a procedure for examining the
entire distribution of local area death rates instead of
simply selecting high risk 'outliers.' The second is the
development of an analytic procedure to relate the
temporal changes in the cross-sectional distribution of
local area death rates to models of the disease proc-
ess operating within the populations in those areas.
The procedures are applied to data on cancer mortality
for the 3050 counties (or county equivalents) of the
United States over the period 1950 to 1978. A number
of striking mort ality patterns, both within the entire
United States and within various regions and states,
are identified.
Keywords: "Mortality, "Malignant neoplasms, Trends,
United States, Counties, Census, Statistical data.
PB86-101722	Not available NTIS
Studies on the Mechanism of Trypan Blue Terato-
genicity in the Rate Developing In vivo and In
vitro. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. M. Rogers, G. P. Daston, M. T. Ebron, B. Carver, and
J. G. Stefanadis. c1985,13p EPA/600/J-85/134
Prepared in cooperation with Miami Univ., Coral
Gables, FL.
Pub. in Teratology 31, p389-399 Jun 85.
The study demonstrates relationships between
changes in the fluid environment around the embryo
and appearance of anomalies induced by Trypan blue.
Rat embryos were exposed in utero or in vitro during
the early period of organogenesis. Both exposures re-
sulted in defects which are typical of trypan blue treat-
ment. Osmolality of exocoelomic fluid (ECF) was
measured on gestation day 10 in vivo and day 12 in
vitro. In both cases ECF osmolality was significantly
lower than controls. This was correlated with the pres-
ence of edema-related anomalies in the embryo. On
gestation day 11 in vivo, three days after maternal in-
jection of trypan blue, ECF osmolalities were signifi-
cantly higher than controls; however, there was tre-
mendous variability in this parameter in day 11 treated
embryos, and some had ECF osmolalities below the
control range. Increased frequency of abnormalities
was correlated with abnormal ECF osmolality, below
and above the control range. The movements of an
amino acid and a monosaccharide across the visceral
yolk sac were measured on gestation day 12 embryos
in vitro.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Rats, Laboratory animals, In
vivo analysis, In vitro analysis, Reprints, "Teratogene-
sis, "Trypan blue.
PB86-101730	Not available NTIS
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Rate Constants for the Gas-Phase Reactions of
OH Radicals with a Series of Bi- and Trlcycloal-
kanes at 299 + or - 2 K: Effects of Ring Strain.
Journal article,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
R. Atkinson, S. M. Aschmann, and W. P. L. Carter.
C1983,16p EPA/600/J-83/313
Pub. in International Jnl. of Chemical Kinetics, v15
p37-50Jan83.
Relative rate constants for the gas phase reactions of
OH radicals with a series of bi- and tri-cyclic alkanes
have been determined at 299 + or - 2K, using methyl
nitrite photolysis in air as a source of OH radicals. The
data show that overall ring strain energies of < or - 4-5
kcal mole-1 have no significant effect on the rate con-
stants, but that larger ring strain results in the rate con-
stants being decreased, relative to those expected for
the strain-free molecules, by ratios which increase ap-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Reaction kinetics, 'Cycloalkane hydrocar-
bons, 'Rings, 'Air pollution, Molecular structure. Re-
prints, 'Hydroxyl radicals, "Atmospheric chemistry.
PB86-101748	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Kinetics and Mechanisms of the Gas-Phase Reac-
tions of Ozone with Organic Compounds under
Atmospheric Conditions. Journal article,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
R. Atkinson, and W. P. L. Carter. C1984, 35p EPA/
600/J-84/332
Pub. in Chemical Reviews, v84 n5 p437-470 Oct 84.
Literature kinetic and mechanistic data have been
compiled and evaluated for the gas phase reactions of
ozone with organics. Emphasis is placed upon the re-
action kinetics and mechanisms in air in order to
assess the atmospheric relevance of these reactions.
Wherever possible, recommendations concerning the
rate constants for these reactions are given.
Keywords: 'Troposphere, 'Mathematical models,
'Ozone, 'Reaction kinetics, 'Organic compounds,
'Air pollution, Vapor phases, Chemical reactions, As-
sessments, Alkanes, Chemical bonds, Trends, Free
radicals, Alkenes, Tables(Data), Halogen organic com-
pounds, Aromatic compounds, Reprints, 'Atmospheric
chemistry, 'Chemical reaction mechanisms.
PB86-101755	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Rate Constants for the Reaction of OH Radicals
with a Series of Alkenes and Dialkenes at 295 +
or -1 K. Journal article,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
R. Atkinson, and S. M. Aschmann. C1984,13p EPA/
600/J-84/333
Pub, in International Jnl. of Chemical Kinetics, v16
p1175-t 186 Oct 84.
Using a relative rate technique, rate constants for the
gas phase reactions of the OH radical with n-butane,
n-hexane and a series of alkenes and dialkenes, rela-
tive to that for propene, have been determined in one
atmosphere of air at 295 + or -1K. The resulting rate
constant data, together with previous relative rate data
from these and other laboratories, lead to a self-con-
sistent data set for the reactions of OH radicals with a
large number of organics at room temperature.
Keywords: 'Reaction kinetics, 'Alkenes, *Air pollution,
Vapor phases, Chemical reactions, Organic com-
pounds, Reprints, 'Hydroxyl radicals, 'Atmospheric
chemistry.
PB86-101763	Not available NTIS
Automated Cryogenic Preconcentratlon and Gas
Chromatographic Determination of Volatile Or-
ganic Compounds In Air. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
W. A. McClenny, J. D. Pleil, M. W. Holdren, and R. N.
Smith. C1984, 6p EPA/600/J-84/335
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC. and Battelle Columbus
Labs., OH,
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry 56, n14 p2947-2951 Dec
84.
The performances of two nominally identical automat-
ed monitors for quantifying volatile organic compounds
were compared on identical ambient laboratory air
samples. The monitors incorporate cryogenic precon-
centration subunits specially designed for controlled
release of liquid nitrogen to establish a -150 C trap
temperature. Measured trends in concentration for
perchloroethylene, toluene, and chloroform showed
good agreement even at sub-ppbv levels during auto-
mated overnight runs, although some effects of ad-
sorption were evident. In a second set of runs, concen-
tration results for one system were plotted versus
those for the other. The plots were linear and precise,
but slightly biased, probably indicating a change in the
system sensitivity between calibration and monitoring.
Qualitative comparison using diluted automobile ex-
haust is also shown.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, 'Monitors, 'Air pollution.
Cryogenics, Cold traps, Gas chromatography. Air pol-
lution, Trends, Concentration(Composition), Perform-
ance evaluation, Toluene, Chloroform, Exhaust emis-
sions, Automation, Design criteria, Sampling, Reprints,
'Volatile organic compounds, 'Air pollution detection,
Ethylene/perchloro.
PB86-101771	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Kinetics of the Gas Phase Reaction of CI Atoms
with a Series of Organics at 296 + or - 2 K and At-
mospheric Pressure. Journal article,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
R. Atkinson, and S. M. Aschmann. C1985,10p EPA/
600/J-85/118
Pub. in International Jnl. of Chemical Kinetics, v17
p33-41 Jan 85.
Using a relative rate technique, rate constants have
been determined for the gas phase reactions of CI
atoms with a series of organics at 296 + 2 K and at-
mospheric pressure of air. These data are compared
and discussed with the available literature values.
Keywords: 'Reaction kinetics, 'Organic compounds,
'Air pollution, Vapor phases, Comparison, Chemical
reaction, Stratosphere, Atmospheric pressure, Acety-
lene, Atoms, Hydrocarbons, Reprints, "Chlorine
atoms, "Atmospheric chemistry, Atom molecule inter-
actions.
PB86-101789	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Acid Precipitation in Historical Perspective:
Awareness of the Acid Rain Problem Has Devel-
oped In Many Countries over More Than a Centu-
ry. Journal article,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. School of Forest
Resources.
E. B. Cowling. C1982,15p EPA/600/J-82/446
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v16
p110A-123A Feb 82.
Awareness of the acid rain problem has developed in
many countries over more than a century. This brief ar-
ticle is an attempt to illuminate some of the questions,
such as, why did it take so long for acid precipitation to
be recognized as an important environmental problem.
What factors of scientific awareness and public per-
ception have influenced the course of research on acid
precipitation. What role do humans play in the biogeo-
chemistry and chemical climatology of the earth. The
approach is to review various steps in the transforma-
tion of the concepts of acid precipitation from the
domain of scientific curiosity to the domain of public
concern and debate.
Keywords: 'Research projects, 'Air pollution, Bio-
chemistry, Geochemistry, Education, Assessments,
History, Reprints, *Acid rain.
PB86-101797	Not available NTIS
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Rate Constants for the Oas-Phase Reaction of Hy-
droxyl Radicals with Blphenyl and the Monochior-
obiphenyls at 295 + or • 1 K. Journal article,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
R. Atkinson, and S. M. Aschmann. C1985,4p EPA/
600/J-85/119
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v19
n5 p462-464 May 85.
Rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of OH radi-
cals with biphenyl and the monochlorobiphenyl$ have
been determined, using a relative rate technique, in
one atmosphere of air at 295 + or - 1K. These rate
constants are compared with the available reported
data, and the atmospheric implications discussed.
Keywords: "Reaction kinetics, 'Air pollution, "Bi-
phenyl, Chlorine organic compounds, Reprints, "Chlor-
inated phenyls, "Hydroxyl radicals, 'Atmospheric
chemistry, Biphenyl/chloro.
PB86-101805	Not available NTIS
Placental Transfer and Fetal Deposition of Hex-
achlorobenzene in the Hamster and Guinea Pig.
Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
K. D. Courtney, J. E. Andrews, and M. A. Grady. c1985,
12p EPA/600/J-85/144
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in Environmental Research 37, p239-249 1985.
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) was administered at dose
levels of 0, 1.0, 10.0, or 50.0 mg HCB/kg body wt by
gavage to pregnant hamsters and guinea pigs for 6
days up to the time of liver development in the fetus.
Samples of maternal fat, thymus, skin, liver, lung,
brain, spleen, urinary bladder, muscle, plasma, and
blood were analyzed for HCB concentration. Addition-
ally, fetuses, placentas, and yolk sacs were analyzed
for HCB content. HCB was found in all tissues as-
sayed. The highest concentrations of HCB were found
in the hamster tissues, with the hamster fetuses having
a fivefold greater concentration of HCB than the
guinea pig fetuses. Comparisons were made of the
hamster and guinea pig data with similar data in the
mouse and rat.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Hamsters, Guinea pigs,
Dosage, Reprints, "Benzene/hexachloro, "Hexachlor-
obenzene.
PB86-101813	Not available NTIS
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Kinetics of the Reactions of OS and OH Radicals
with Furan and Thiophene at 298 + or - 2 K. Jour-
nal article,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
R. Atkinson, S. M. Aschmann, and W. P. L. Carter.
C1983, 12p EPA/600/J-83/312
Pub. in International Jnl. of Chemical Kinetics, v15
p51-61 Jan 83.
Rate constants for the reactions of 03 and OH radicals
with furan and thiophene have been determined at 298
+ 2K. There are, to date, no reported rate constant
data for the reactions of OH radicals with furan and
thiophene or for the reaction of 03 with furan. The data
are compared and discussed with respect to those for
other alkenes, dialkenes and heteroatom containing
organics.
Keywords: 'Reaction kinetics, 'Ozone, "Air pollution,
Furan, Thiophene, Reprints, "Hydroxyl radicals, "At-
mospheric chemistry.
PB86-101821	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Rate Constant for the Reaction of OH Radicals
with Diacetylene at 297 + or - 2K. Journal article,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
R. Atkinson, and S. M. Aschmann. c1984,6p EPA/
600/J-84/334
Pub. in Combustion and Flame 58, p217-220 1984.
Using a relative rate technique, the rate constant for
the gas phase reaction of OH radicals with diacety-
lene, a reaction considered to be of importance in fuel-
rich acetylene oxidation, has been determined at 297
+ or - 2 K and atmospheric pressure.
Keywords: 'Reaction kinetics, 'Combustion, 'Mathe-
matical models, Oxidation, Fuels, Reprints, "Hydroxyl
radicals, "Chemical reaction mechanisms, 'Diacety-
lene.
PB86-101839	Not available NTIS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Application of DNA-DNA Colony Hybridization to
the Detection of Catabollc Genotypes in Environ-
mental Samples. Journal article,
Tennessee Univ., Knoxville.
G. S. Sayler, M. S. Shields, E. T. Tedford, A. Breen,
and S. W. Hooper. C1985,10p EPA/600/J-85/116
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v49
n5p1295-1303 May 85.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The application of preexisting DNA hybridization tech-
niques was investigated for potential in determining
populations of specific gene sequences in environ-
mental samples. Cross-hybridizations among two de-
gradative plasmids, TOL and NAH, and two cloning ve-
hicles, pLAFRI and RSF1010, were determined. The
detection limits for the TOL plasmid against a nonho-
mologous plasmid-bearing bacterial background was
ascertained.
Keywords: Bacteria, Toluene, Naphthalene, Aromatic
hydrocarbons, *DNA, 'Hybridization, "Chemical
attack(Degradation), "Environmental microbiology,
"Molecular cloning, Environmental pollutants, Plas-
mids.
PB86-101847/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Evaluation of Methods for the Isolation or Con-
centration of Organic Substances from Water
Using XAD-4 Quaternary Resin. Final rept. Sep 80-
Oct 82,
Envirodyne Engineers, Inc., St. Louis, MO.
S. Ben-Poorat, D. C. Kennedy, and C. H. Byington. Aug
85,183p EPA/600/1 -85/020
Contract EPA-68-03-2998
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
A synthetic resin (Amberlite XAD-4 Quaternary in the
OH- form) was evaluated as an adsorption medium for
the concentration/isolation of acids, amines, alde-
hydes, carbohydrates, chlorobiphenyls, esters, hydro-
carbons, ketones, phenols, polynuclear aromatic hy-
drocarbons, and trihalomethanes in drinking water.
The approach utilized for this project was the genera-
tion of data by maintaining a program to isolate and/or
concentrate each organic compound by not less than
50-fold. The adsorption and desorption processes
were performed on a small column; however, a scaied-
up column was evaluated during three pilot plant ex-
periments.
Keywords: "Water treatment, Pilot plants, Adsorption,
Desorption, Potable water, Separation, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, Concentration(Composition),
Water pollution, "XAD 4 resin, "Water pollution detec-
tion.
PB86-101995/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Protection of Soybeans, January 1980-November
1984. Citations from AGRICOLA Concerning Dis-
eases and Other Environmental Considerations.
Bibliographies and literature of agriculture,
National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.
C. N. Bebee. Aug 85,251 p USDA/BLA-38
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Pesticide Programs.
Soybeans, planted on more than 68 million acres with
cash receipts totaling more than 12 billion dollars is our
most important field crop. This bibliography of 2,042 lit-
erature citations, consists of American articles on all
aspects of protection from diseases, insects, nema-
todes, fertilizer, pesticides, other chemicals, and other
environmental considerations.
Keywords: "Plant diseases, "Soybean plants, "Envi-
ronmental impacts, "Bibliographies, Protection, Legis-
lation, Plant ecology, Plant physiology, Standards,
Regulations, Nematoda, Pesticides, Soil chemistry,
Forestry, Entomology, Taxonomy, Animals.
PB86-102043/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Sulfur Pesticide Registration Standard,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
L. Rossi, D. Otchere, K. Bailey, D. Beavers, and W.
Boodee. 19 Dec 82, 60p EPA/540/RS-82/014
The document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
440 Vol. 90, No. 24
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Standards, "Guidelines,
"Sulfur organic compounds, Environmental surveys,
Regulations, Hazardous materials, Agricultural prod-
ucts, Synthesis(Chemistry), Toxicity, Tables(Data),
Labels, Genetics, Residues, Ecology, Bibliographies,
¦Registration, "Toxic substances, Path of pollutants.
PB86-102126/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Relationship between Autonomic and Behavioral
Thermoregulation in the Mouse. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Experimental Biology Div.
C. J. Gordon. 1985,6p EPA/600/J-85/130
Pub. in Physiology and Behavior, v34 p687-690 Jun
85.
Preferred ambient temperature (Ta) was measured in
nine mice of the BALB/c strain using a temperature
gradient. When tested over four consecutive days the
mean preferred Ta was 30.9C. In another study using
the same animals, metabolic rate, evaporative water
loss, whole-body thermal conductance, and colonic
temperature were measured at specific Ta's over a
range of 18 to 34C. The preferred Ta of 30.9C was as-
sociated with (1) the lower critical Ta (i.e., Ta below
which metabolic rate increased) (2) a 57% elevation in
evaporative water loss when expressed in units of mg
water evaporated per ml consumed oxygen, (3) a ther-
mal conductance that was 92% above baseline levels,
and (4) a normothermic colonic temperature of be-
tween 37.0 to 37.5C. The data indicate that mice will
select an environmental temperature associated with a
minimal energy expenditure but a higher than minimal
rate of evaporation and higher thermal conductance.
Keywords: "Thermoregulation, Autonomic response,
Mice, Laboratory animals. Behavioral response, Rela-
tionships, Reprints.
PB86-102134	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Acid Precipitation Phenomenon and Its Ecological
Consequences. Journal article,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. School of Forest
Resources.
E. B. Cowling, and R. A. Linthurst. C1981, 7p EPA/
600/J-81/692
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Pub. in Bioscience 31, n9 p649-654 Oct 81.
The purpose of the paper is twofold: to summarize
some important principles concerning the phenomena
of acid precipitation and the atmospheric deposition
and their effects, both beneficial and detrimental, on
terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and to enlist the
creative interest of biologists generally in this emerging
area of scientific research. (Copyright (c) 1981 Ameri-
can Institute of Biological Sciences.)
Keywords: "Acidity, *Precipitation(Meteorology),
"Ecology, "Air pollution, Water pollution, Nutrients,
Aquatic biology, Plants(Botany), Toxicity, Animals, Re-
prints, Acid precipitation, Ecosystems.
PB86-102142/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Sediment Toxicity, Contamination, and Macro-
benthic Communities Near a Large Sewage Out-
fall,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Newport, OR.
Marine Science Center.
R. C. Swartz, D. W. Schults, G. R. Ditsworth, W. A.
DeBen, and F. A. Cole. Sep 85,27p EPA/600/D-85/
202, ERLN-N012
Sediment Toxicity, contamination and macrobenthic
community structure were examined in 1980 at seven
stations along a pollution gradient from the Los Ange-
les County Sanitation District's sewage outfalls on the
Palos Verdes shelf, CA, to control conditions in Santa
Monica Bay. Sediment toxicity was determined by lab-
oratory bioassays with the phoxocephalid amphipod,
Rhepoxynius abronius. Distribution and abundance of
the macrobenthos were generally consistent with the
Pearson-Rosenberg model and the Bascom-Mearns-
Word quantitative classification of macrobenthic as-
semblages. Species richness, density, and biomass in-
creased greatly in areas of moderate sediment organic
enrichment, but decreased to or below control condi-
tions near the outfalls.
Keywords: "Sediments, "Outfall sewers, "Toxicity,
"Benthos, "Water pollution, Bioassay, Crustacea,
Abundance, Spatial distribution, Mathematical models,
Reprints, "Rhepoxynius.
PB86-102159/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Models for Predicting the Fate of Synthetic
Chemicals in Aquatic Ecosystems,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
L. A. Burns. Sep 85,18p EPA/600/D-85/182
Pub in Validation and Predictability of Laboratory
Methods for Assessing the Fate and Effects of Con-
tamination in Aquatic Ecosystems, ASTM STP-865,
p176-190 1985.
The toxic effects of synthetic chemicals released into
natural environments are a function of concentrations,
of physico-chemical speciation, and of transformation
products whose genesis is mediated by properties of
the environment itself. Accurate evaluation of the
probable consequences of particular releases requires
an ability to forecast the speciation, transport, and
transformations of chemicals. In aquatic systems, ionic
and absorptive equilibria, advective and dispersive
fluid transport, benthic uptake and release processes,
volatilization, hydrolysis, direct and indirect photo-
chemical processes, redox reactions, and microbial
transformations have significant effects on the fate of
introduced chemicals.
Keywords: "Ecology, "Organic compounds, "Toxicity,
"Water pollution, "Marine biology, Mathematical
models, Concentration(Composition), Chemical reac-
tions, Deterioration, Sorption, Reaction kinetics, Pho-
tochemical reactions, Hydrolysis, Hydrogen cyanide,
Exposure, Vaporizing, Reprints, "Ecosystems.
PB86-102282/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Refueling Emissions from Uncontrolled Vehicles.
Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
D. Rothman, and R. Johnson. Aug 85,75p EPA/AA/
SDSB-85-6
The Environmental Protection Agency is currently in
the process of developing and evaluating a Federal
test procedure for the measurement of vehicle refuel-
ing emissions. Refueling emissions are of direct con-
cern due to their benzene content and the potential
health effects of exposure to gasoline vapors in gener-
al. Also, they contribute to ozone formation, and are of
particular concern in areas which currently do not meet
the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)
for ozone. This report describes EPA's baseline pro-
gram to measure refueling emissions from uncon-
trolled vehicles, and to investigate the sensitivity of
these emissions to various parameters. An emission
factor equation based upon the various parameters will
be developed that will be used in making comparisons
with the results of other refueling emissions studies. It
will than be used to estimate emission factors under a
range of conditions.
Keywords: "Refueling, "Air pollution, Exposure, Gaso-
line, Ozone, Comparison, Evaporation, Vapor pres-
sure, Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data), "Federal test pro-
cedure, "Emission factors, Environmental health.
Baseline measurement. Numerical equation.
PB86-102324/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Stack Heights and Locations in Complex Terrain,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
R. E. Lawson, and W. H. Snyder. Sep 85, 8p EPA/600/
D-85/200
Terrain amplification faotors were measured for a vari-
ety of source positions (locations and heights) both up-
stream and downstream of two model hills, an axisym-
metric hill and a two-dimensional ridge. The spatial
variation of these terrain amplification factors was
used to delineate the vertical and longitudinal extent of
the areas where excess concentrations (terrain ampli-
fication factors greater than 1.0) occurred. For the axi-
symmetric hill, a region of 40% excess concentration
was found to extend a maximum of 1.8 hill heights in
the vertical, 14 hill heights upstream, and 10 hill
heights downstream. For the two-dimensional ridge
this region of 40% excess concentration extended 2.2
hill heights in the vertical, 8 hill heights upstream, arid
15 hill heights downstream. Maximum terrain ampiifi.
cation factors for both the axisymmetric hill and the
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
side of the hills and had values of approximately 5.6
and 6.8 respectively.
Keywords: 'Chimneys, "Terrain models, * Air pollution,
Experimental design, Concentration(Composition),
Boundary layers, Mathematical models, Wind tunnel,
Sources, Electric power plants, Combustion products,
Industrial wastes, Plumes.
PB86-102332/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Preliminary Investigation of the Parallelogram
Concept In Genetic Monitoring and Risk Estima-
tion,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. Waters, J. Allen, C. Doerr, J. Tabor, and J. Wilmer.
Sep 85,16p EPA/600/D-85/209
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Health
Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park,
NC., Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park,
NC., and Chemical Industry Inst, of Toxicology, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The main objective of genetic monitoring in human
health surveillance is to prevent excessive exposure to
genotoxic agents and to ensure the safety of the ex-
posed or potentially-exposed populace. To attain fully
this objective one must understand low dose exposure
and associated effects so as to relate both to long-
term health consequences. Experience with radiation
has provided the most precise knowledge of the dose-
affect relationship, and it is that knowledge that the au-
thors wish to exploit in the present investigation. Over
the past few years the laboratory has implemented
and further developed several methods for cytogenet-
ic and mutational testing and monitoring. These meth-
ods employ periphral blood lymphocytes and fibrob-
lasts to detect chromosomal structural aberrations,
sister-chromatid exchanges, and gene mutation at
specific genetic loci.
Keywords: "Genetics, "Surveillance, Preventive medi-
cine, Safety, Exposure, Risk, Humans, Monitoring,
"Genotoxic agents, "Parallelogram.
PB86-102357	Not available NTIS
Transport of Conjugates of Toxicants by Blood
Proteins. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
P. V. Shah, D. J. Helling, B. P. Maliwal, and F. E.
Guthrie. C1985,7p EPA/600/J-85/133
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina State
Univ. at Raleigh, Northrop Services, Research Triangle
Park, NC., and Maryland Univ., Baltimore. School of
Medicine.
Pub. in Toxicology Letters 24, p215-220 Feb 85.
Binding of naphthol and its glucoside and glucuronide
conjugates by blood proteins was studied Tn vitro and
in vivo. Binding was found to primarily to the albumin
fraction of human blood and the binding constants
were moderate to low. Both in vivo (mice) and in vitro
(human) experiments suggest that a substantial por-
tion of naphthol and two conjugates are transported in
bound form to the site of elimination.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Blood, Proteins, In vitro anal-
ysis, In vivo analysis, Binding, Naphthal, Reprints,
"Conjugates.
PB86-102548/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Control of Heavy-Duty Diesel NOx Emissions by
Exhaust Gas Recirculation. Final rept. Apr-Aug 84,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
S. F. Martin. Aug 85,85p EPA/460/3-84/013
Contract EPA-68-03-3162
A Cummins NTC-350 heavy-duty diesel engine was
modified by the addition on a programmable EGR
system. Tests were conducted using a computer to
control the rate of EGR based on the instantaneous
speed and torque conditions of the engine during oper-
ation over the EPA transient cycle. The extent of NOx
reduction achievable with this system, along with cor-
responding effects on other emissions and fuel con-
sumption, was explored.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Nitrogen oxides,
•Exhaust emissions, Recycling, Smoke, Soot, Parti-
cles, "Heavy duty vehicles, "Diesel engine exhaust,
"Waste recycling.
PB86-102589/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Recommended Revisions to Gaseous Emission
Factors from Several Classes of Off-Highway
Mobile Sources. Final rept. Aug 83-Sep 84,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
M. N. Ingalls. Mar 85,113p EPA/460/3-85/004
Contract EPA-68-03-3162
The study examined three categories of off-highway
mobile emission sources to determine current emis-
sion factors of hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide
(CO), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). The three catego-
ries examined were locomotives, marine vessels, and
farm and construction equipment. National and region-
al impact of these emission sources were also exam-
ined. For locomotives, it was found that rising fuel
prices had led to engine improvements as well as
changes in locomotive operation. Additional measured
emission data were also found in the literature. Using
new duty cycles and the additional emissions test data,
new locomotive emission factors were developed. In
U.S. waters, marine emissions are changing as diesel
engines are used in a larger portion of the U.S. Mer-
chant Fleet. None of the literature surveyed provided
sufficient valid information to determine new marine
diesel engine emission factors. New farm and con-
struction equipment emission factors were recom-
mended based on a recent study found in the litera-
ture.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Exhaust emissions, "Hydro-
carbons, "Carbon monoxide, "Nitrogen oxides, "Motor
vehicles, Sources, Ozone, Locomotives, Construction
equipment, Marine engines, Agricultural engineering,
"Emission factors.
PB86-102597/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Ethylene Oxide.
Final Report,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
D. A. Gray, B. Harris, S. Bosch, and J. Santodonato.
Jun 85, 304p* EPA/600/8-84/009F
See also PB84-209873.
The largest single use of ethylene oxide is as an inter-
mediate in the synthesis of ethylene glycol. However,
small amounts of this epoxide are used as a sterilant or
pesticide in commodities, pharmaceuticals, medical
devices, tobacco, and other items, representing a con-
siderable potential for human exposure. The pharma-
cokinetics of ethylene oxide have not been studied ex-
tensively. While only limited studies found in the litera-
ture searched concerned the absorption of this chemi-
cal, toxicity data suggest that absorption occurs via the
respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Acute exposure
to ethylene oxide in humans results in symptoms of
headache, vomiting, dyspnea, and diarrhea. Subacute
and chronic effects are not well documented. Data in-
dicate that many different types of genetic damage
may be induced following exposure to ethylene oxide.
It was found to be mutagenic in the Ames Salmonella
assay to Bacillus subtilis and to Drosophila melano-
gaster, as well as in cultured mammalian cell and
assay systems. The alkylating and mutagenic proper-
ties of ethylene oxide are sufficient causes of concern
about its potential carcinogenicity. Though there are
no definitive, epidemiologic studies, the data are con-
sistent with the animal data in that there seems to be a
strong association between an increased risk of
cancer, especially leukemia, and prolonged inhalation
exposure to ethylene oxide.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Industrial hygiene,
"Toxicology, 'Environmental surveys, "Ethylene
oxide, Ecology, Pesticides, Assessments, Exposure,
Water pollution, Carcinogens, Microorganisms, Air pol-
lution, Transport properties, Potable water, Mutagens,
Epidemiology. Laboratory animals, Chemical proper-
ties, Physical properties, "Health risks, "Land pollu-
tion. 'Occupational safety and health, "Toxic sub-
stances, "Environmental health, Path of pollutants,
Cancer, Pharmacokinetics.
PB86-102605/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Bronze, Zinc, Aluminum, Galvanized Steel: Corro-
sion Rates as a Function of Space and Time Over
the United States,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
D. E. Patterson, R. B. Husar, and E. Escalante. Sep 85,
13p EPA/600/D-85/213
Prepared in cooperation with Washington Univ., St.
Louis, MO., and National Bureau of Standards, Gaith-
ersburg, MD.
A data base of existing metal corrosion data has been
compiled by the National Bureau of Standards. The
data base contains only exposure studies that were
conducted according to standard ASTM procedures
and had adequate documentation of the site charac-
teristics and period of exposure. The report presents
work conducted at Washington University to examine
the exposure data for evidence of key features which
may clarify the likely importance of man-made pollut-
ants on the corrosion of metals.
Keywords: "Corrosion, "Zinc, "Aluminum, "Bronzes,
"Galvanized materials, Steels, Rates(per time).
PB86-102613/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Analysis of the Spectra of Genetic Activity in
Short-Term Tests,
Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
M. D. Waters, H. F. Stack, and A. L. Brady. Sep 85,15p
EPA/600/D-85/205
Contract EPA-68-02-4031
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
For agents classified by IARC as known or suspected
human carcinogens and for over 100 other chemical
pesticides, solvents, intermediates and final products,
we have extracted and recorded qualitative and quan-
titative genetic bioassay data available in the literature.
Either tne lowest effective dose (LED) or the highest
ineffective dose (HID) tested was recorded for each
agent and bioassay system. The systems were orga-
nized according to classes of genetic activity and sub-
divided by the phylogenetic level of the test organism.
For each compound, the quantitative results in the test
systems were represented by computer-generated bar
graphs, so-called 'genetic activity spectra.' Statistical
methods and pattern recognition techniques were
used to evaluate the activity profiles of compounds in a
pairwise manner. The results showed that structurally
similar compounds frequently displayed qualitatively
and quantitatively similar profiles of penetic activity. As
the database is enlarged, the analysis of genetic activi-
ty profiles may contribute to our understanding of
structure-activity relationships and mechanisms of
action of chemical agents. Such a method of presenta-
tion could well serve as a medium for international ex-
change and evaluation of genetic bioassay data.
Keywords: "Bioassays, "Genetics, "Carcinogens, "En-
vironmental surveys, "Toxicity, "Spectrochemical
analyses, Molecular structure, Dosage, In vitro analy-
sis, In vivo analysis, Public health, Information sys-
tems, Chemical analysis, Pesticides, Solvents,
Tables(Data), "Environmental health, "Genetic activity
spectra, 'Toxic substances, Computer applications.
PB86-102647/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Rule-Based inference System for Predicting
Liner/Waste Compatibility,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
L. A. Rossman, and H. E. Haxo. Sep 85,12p EPA/
600/D-85/212
Prepared in cooperation with Matrecon, Inc., Oakland,
CA.
Determining the chemical compatibility of a liner mate-
rial for containment of wastes rests mainly on the ap-
plication of expert opinion to interpret the results of
short-term immersion tests. A methodology known as
a production system is employed to encode such
expert opinion into a structured evaluation procedure
for PVC liners. The system consists of a collection of
classification rules and scoring procedures for turning
immersion test results into inferences on the likelihood
of chemical incompatibility. Results for an illustrative
PVC immersion test run are presented. Additional re-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
finement of the production system and its extension to
other liner materials is proposed.
Keywords: 'Lining, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Materials
tests, 'Immersion tests(Corrosion), "Hazardous mate-
rials, Membranes, Performance evaluation, Stress
cracking, Polyvinyl chloride, Polymer films, Methodolo-
gy-
PB86-102654/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of Pilot-Scale Pollution Control De-
vices for Hazardous Waste Incineration,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
H. M. Freeman, and R. A. Olexsey. Sep 85,27p* EPA/
600/D-85/204
The paper summarizes the results of emission tests
carried out on three pilot-scale air pollution control de-
vices. The units were connected to a slip stream from
the ENSCO, Inc. hazardous waste incinerator at El
Dorado, Arkansas. The three units were a Hydro Sonic
System wet scrubber; an ETS dry scrubber; and a
Vulcan Engineering Company high temperature bagh-
ouse. The units were evaluated for their capability in
removing particulate matter and HCI. Full discussion of
the testing program and results is in an EPA report,
Evaluation of Air Pollution Control Devices for Hazard-
ous Waste Combustion, now undergoing final review in
the Agency.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Hazard-
ous materials, 'Incinerators, 'Solid waste disposal,
Pilot plants, Scrubbers, High temperature tests. Com-
bustion products, Particles, Hydrogen chloride, Design
criteria, Performance evaluation, El Dorado(Arkansas),
Baghouses, Wet methods, Dry methods.
PB86-102670	Not available NTIS
Measurement of On-the-Fly Fourier Transform In-
frared Reference Spectra of Environmentally Im-
portant Compounds. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
D. F. Gurka, M. Umana, E. D. Pelizzari, A. Moseley,
and J. A. de Haseth. C1985,8p EPA/600/J-85/131
Prepared in cooperation with Research Triangle Inst.,
Research Triangle Park, NIC., and Georgia Univ.,
Athens. Dept. of Chemistry.
Pub. in Applied Spectroscopy, v39 n2 p297-303 Mar/
Apr 85.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency
(U.S. EPA) requires reference spectra to support its
as chromatography/Fourier transform infrared (GC/
T-IR) routine environmental monitoring program. Al-
though on-the-fly (OTF) techniques are needed to sat-
isfy the Agency's high sample throughput require-
ments, the FT-IR vaporphase reference spectra pro-
duced by the Agency thus far have been measured
under static conditions. Accordingly, the OTF spectra
of 47 environmentally important compounds have
been measured by packed-column GC/FT-IR under
carefully controlled conditions. Where feasible, the
Coblentz Society guidelines for the measurement and
recording of vapor-phase infrared reference spectra
and supporting data were followed.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Environmental sur-
veys, 'Chemical compounds, 'Pesticides, Infrared
spectroscopy, Sampling, Air pollution, Water pollution,
Calibrating, Reprints, 'Fourier transform spectrosco-
py, 'Reference materials, Superfund program, Land
pollution, Solid wastes.
PBS6-102704/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Water Resources Data for New Jersey, Water
Year 1984. Volume 2. Delaware River Basin and
Tributaries to Delaware Bay. Water-data rept.
(Annual) 1 Oct 83-30 Sep 84,
Geological Survey, Trenton, NJ. Water Resources Div.
W. R. Bauersfeld, E. W. Moshinsky, E. A. Pustay, and
F. L. Schaefer. May 85,197p USGS/WRD/HD-85/
235, USGS/WDR/NJ-84/2
See also PB05-127348. Prepared in cooperation with
New Jersey Dept. of Environmental Protection, Tren-
ton.
Water Resources data for the 1984 water year for New
Jersey consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality of ground water. This volume of the
report contains discharge records for 25 gaging sta-
tions; tide summaries for 3 stations; stage and con-
tents for 16 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 30
surface-water sites and 56 wells; and water levels for
27 observation wells.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Surface waters, "New
Jersey, Water quality, Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow
rate. Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Tem-
perature, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB86-102910	Not available NTIS
Characterization of Large Particles at a Rural Site
in the Eastern United States: Mass Distribution
and Individual Particle Analysis. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Y. Mamane, and K. E. Noll. C1985,14p EPA/600/J-
85/132
Prepared in cooperation with Illinois Inst, of Tech., Chi-
cago. Dept. of Environmental Engineering.
Pud. in Atmospheric Environment, v19 n4 p611-622
1985.
A unique combination of an effective sampler and
analysis of individual particles has been used in study-
ing large particles (> 5 micrometers) at a rural site in
Eastern United States. The sampler is a modified 'high
volume' rotary inertial impactor, which consists of four
collectors of different widths, rotating at high speed
and collecting particles by impaction. The collector
surfaces were Mylar films coated with apiezon to
ensure retention. After sampling, the collection sur-
faces were weighted to obtain the mass-size distribu-
tion. A section of the Mylar sample was transferred to
a scanning electron microscope to study in detail the
morphology and elemental content of individual parti-
cles. Results indicated the following conclusions could
be made: (a) Natural sources, minerals and biologi-
cals, were the main contributors to large particles (> 5
micrometers); (b) Contribution of anthropogenic
sources, mainly coal-fired power plants emitting fly ash
particles, was limited to a few percent of the 5- to 10-
micrometers-size range; (c) Pollen and some of the
minerals were enriched in sulfur, probably as accumu-
lation of sulfate on the particle surface; (d) At low wind
speeds the anthropogenic contribution was enhanced,
whereas at high wind speeds natural sources were
almost the only contributors to the large particle mode.
In both cases the mass distribution of the large parti-
cles peaked at around 15 micrometers.
Keywords: "Rural areas, "Particles, "Samplers, "Gas
detectors, Particle size distribution, Mass transfer, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Electric power
plants, Sites, Reprints, "Air pollution sampling, "Air
pollution detection, "Eastern Region(United States),
Natural emissions, Coal fired power plants.
PB86-102928/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pulmonary and Systemic Health Effects of Acute
and Subchronic Exposure to Smoke Obscurant
SGF-2,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
E. C. Grose, M. J. K. Selgrade, K. Dean, G. E. Hatch,
and R.J. Jaskot. Sep 85,21 p EPA/600/D-85/201
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Sixty-day old, male rats were exposed to air, 0.5 or 1.5
ml/1 fog-oil for 3.5 hr/d, 4 days/wk for either 4 or 13
wk. Following the acute (4 wk) exposure to 1.5 mg/1, a
multifocal pneumonitis was observed. Lung lavage
fluid had an elevated number of polymorphonuclear
leukocytes, alveolar macrophages, total cells and an
increase in lavage fluid protein. Lung wet and dry
weights were increased. A lesser increase in the
number of alveolar macrophages and lung weights
was observed after exposure to 0.5 mg/1. Pulmonary
function tests revealed an increase in end expiratory
volume (EEV) in animals exposed to 1.5 mg/1. A de-
crease in zoxazolamine-induced paralysis time was
observed following both 0.5 and 1.5 mg/1, however,
no effect on pentobarbital-induced sleep time was ob-
served. The subchronic (13 wk) exposures resulted in
decreased body weight and increased lung dry weights
at both 0.5 and 1.5 mg/1, an increase in lavage fluid
protein and EEV following exposure to the 1.5 mg/1
concentration. Zoxazolamine paralysis time, which
was decreased after both concentrations, correlated
with an increase in aryt hydroxylhydrolase (AHH) activi-
ty in the liver. In conclusion, it appears that inhalation
of smoke SGF-2 causes minimal pulmonary and sys-
temic effects.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Smoke, Rats, Exposure, Lab-
oratory animals, Dosage, Respiratory system, "Fog oil,
SGF-2.
PB86-103041/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Comprehensive Assessment of the Specific Com-
pounds Present in Combustion Processes.
Volume 2. Design for a National Survey of Emis-
sion of Specific Compounds from Coal Fired Utili-
ty Boiler Plants. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
R. M. Lucas, and D. K. Melroy. Aug 85,64p EPA/560/
5-83/005
Contract EPA-68-02-3938
See also PB84-151984 and PB86-103058. Prepared in
cooperation with Research Triangle Inst., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
The emission of several toxic compounds in the poly-
cyclic organic group has been reported from stationary
combustion processes. It has been demonstrated that
a theoretical potential exists for the formation of these
compounds as the results of combustion of coal-
refuse, wood, municipal refuse, waste oil, and coal. To
investigate this topic further, a pilot study was de-
signed to obtain data on which to base a national
survey. The overall objectives of the pilot study were to
ascertain the number of combustion sites and the
number of days of sampling required at each site to
adequately estimate the level and prevalence of these
toxic substances in the emissions from combustion
processes and to do so at a minimum cost. For each
facility a complex, multimedia sampling design was de-
veloped for the collection of solid, liquid, and gaseous
influents and effluents. In addition, measurements of
process parameters were also taken. This design al-
lowed for the estimation of the inputs into the process,
the efficiency of the combustion process, and the
emissions from the process. Using the estimates of the
variability of the resulting data and cost estimates
based on the experience gained in the pilot, a national
survey design was developed. Sampling is planned for
seven coal and nine refuse combustion facilities for 5
days each. Estimates of the levels of toxic substances
are anticipated to have a precision of + or - 5 to + or -
60%.
Keywords: "Polycyclic compounds, Air pollution, Sur-
veys, Assessments, Boilers, Combustion products, In-
dustrial wastes, Sampling, Aromatic polycyclic hydro-
carbons, Field tests, Wood, Tables(Data), Sites, Gas
analysis, Extraction, Design criteria, Performance eval-
uation, Cost analysis, "Toxic substances, "Coal fired
power plants, "Stationary sources, "Air pollution sam-
pling, "Air pollution detection, Refuse derived fuels.
Waste oil, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Polychlorinated
dibenzodioxins, Polychlorinated dibenzofurans, Munic-
ipal wastes.
PB86-103058/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Comprehensive Assessment of the Specific Com-
pounds Present In Combustion Process**.
Volume 4. National Estimates of Emission of Spe-
cific Compounds from Coal Fired Utility Boiler
Plants. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
R. M. Lucas, and G. W. Kircher. Aug 85, 31p EPA/560/
5-83/007
Contract EPA-68-02-3938
See also PB86-103041. Prepared in cooperation with
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park. NC.
Specimens were acquired from influents and effluents
from seven coal-fired utility boilers. The specimens
were chemically analyzed for toxic compounds in the
polycyclic organic matter group. The specific target
compounds were polychlorinated dibenzo(p)-dioxins
(PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), biphenyls (PCBs)
selected polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHsj
and selected phthalates. Twelve PAH compounds and
six phthalate compounds were included among the
targetted compounds. Naphthalene was the most
prevalent PAH compound detected. It was found in the
flue gas emissions from all seven facilities. Other
PAHs were also detected in the coal at all seven facili-
ties but were only rarely detected in the other media.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
No PCDDs or PCDFs were detected in any of the ac-
quired specimens. PCBs were only detected in one
other media, the influent combustion air.
Keywords: "Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons,
"Phthalates, "Gas analysis, Air pollution, Flue gases,
Assessments, Concentration(Composition), Industrial
wastes, Chemical analysis, Combustion products,
Tables(Data), Biphenyls, "Coal fired power plants,
"Toxic substances, "Air pollution detection, Polychlori-
nated biphenyls, Polychlorinated dibenzofurans, Poly-
chlorinated dibenzodioxins.
PB86-103082/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Inferring Willingness to Pay for Housing Amen-
ities from Residential Property Values. Final rept.
Jul 83-Jul 65,
Iowa Univ., Iowa City.
J. L. Horowitz. Sep 85, 73p EPA/600/7-85/034
The report describes a new model of consumers'
choices in housing markets that incorporates three
heretofore overlooked market considerations. The
new model has been tested econometrically against
the standard model. The new model gives estimates of
buyers' willingness to pay for housing amenities that
are significantly different from the estimates produced
by the standard model. The standard hedonic model of
consumers' choices in housing markets, which forms
the basis of much environmental benefits analysis,
fails to take into account three important characteris-
tics of the bidding process through which houses are
sold: (1) the prices of houses are established through
sequential bidding, so sellers do not necessarily
accept the highest bids that might be made for their
houses; (2) ignorance of the market may lead potential
buyers to make bids that are either higher or lower
than those they would make if they had complete infor-
mation; and (3) the distribution of bids for a house is
truncated at the seller's asking price.
Keywords: "Consumer affairs, "Houses, Mathematical
models, Estimates, Market research, Prices, "Property
values.
PB86-103090/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Oxidant
Model: Description and Evaluation Plan,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
K. L. Schere, and A. J. Fabrick. Sep 85, 92p EPA/600/
3-85/067
Prepared in cooperation with MEF Environmental, Inc.,
Austin, TX.
The U.S. EPA Regional Oxidant Model (ROM) and
NEROS data base are described. The model incorpo-
rates a comprehensive description of the physical and
chemical processes thought to be important to tropo-
spheric 03 production on 1000 km scales. The data
base employed for the first application of the ROM was
collected during the summers of 1979 and 1980 in the
Northeast U.S. It contains meteorological and air qual-
ity data from regular monitoring networks and from en-
hanced networks or special field project measure-
ments during that period. The evaluation procedure
that will be used to determine the ROM performance
on this data base is outlined. A number of episodes will
be simulated from the period July 23 through August
16, 1980, for which performance statistics will be de-
veloped. The evaluation of any given day within an epi-
sode will proceed in two distinct stages. The first stage
will focus on model performance for an individual
model realization, irrespective of all other realizations.
Model realizations for a given day are functions of the
possible flow fields that existed for the day. The
second stage will attempt to evaluate model perform-
ance using the full probabilistic abilities of the ROM
that consider all realizations concurrently. The focus of
the evaluation will be on 03. The exact pathway
through the evaluation study will be determined by the
resources available at the time.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Mathematical models,
'Ozone, Physical properties, Chemical properties, Tro-
posphere, Information systems, Northeast
Region(United States), Performance evaluation, "EPA
regional oxidant model, "Northeast Regional Oxidant
Study, "Air quality, Atmospheric chemistry.
PB86-103124	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Soluble Aluminum In Acidified Organic Horizons
of Forest Soils. Journal article,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. Dept. of Agronomy.
B. R. James, and S. J. Riha. c1984,11p EPA/600/J-
84/336
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Soil Science 64, p637-646
Nov 84.
Concentrations of labile and total Al in soil extracts
were measured as a function of equilibrium solution pH
in six forest soil organic horizons acidified with HNO,
(0-20 cmol H + .kg-1) under controlled conditions of
ionic strength (0.05 M NaN03), temperature (23 C),
and solution:soil ratio (25:1). Decreases of 0.1-0.2 in
solution pH in the range of pH 2.4-4.5 resulted in in-
creases and decreases in concentrations of labile and
total Al. Organic acids and soluble C were the domi-
nant Al-complexing ligands in solution,and acidification
of each horizon decreased their concentration. Silicon
and F concentrations in the equilibrium solutions were
lower than that of C, but levels were similar to those of
nonlabile Al. Nonlabile complexes were the dominant
forms of soluble Al in horizons above pH 4, and labile
Al comprised an increasing percentage of total Al as
pH decreased, especially below pH 3.
Keywords: "Aluminum, "Soil horizons, "Acidification,
"Forest land, "Water pollution, Nitric acid, pH,
Concentration(Composition), Organic acids, Carbon,
Ligands, Temperature, Silicon chemical equilibrium,
Air pollution, Reprints, "Acid precipitation.
PB86-103132	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Simulated Acidic Rain on Yields of
Field-Grown Soybeans. Journal article,
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
L. S. Evans, K. F. Lewin, and M. J. Patti. c1984,8p
EPA/600/J-84/337
Prepared in cooperation with Manhattan Coll., Bronx,
NY. Lab. of Plant Morphogenesis.
Pub. in New Phytologist 96, p207-213 1984.
An experiment was performed during the summer of
1982 to determine the effects of simulated acidic rain
on seed yields on two commercial cultivars of soy-
beans grown according to standard agronomic prac-
tices. Plants were shielded from all ambient rainfalls
automatically by two moveable exclusion covers and
exposed to simulated rainfalls in quantities equal to the
average amount of rainfall that occurs at the site. Seed
yields of cv. Amsoy exposed twice weekly to simulated
rain of pH 4.1, 3.3 and 2.7 were, respectively, 3.0,9.0,
and 12.8% below yields of plants exposed to simulat-
ed rain of pH 5.6. (Copyright (c) 1984 The New Phvto-
loggist.)
Keywords: "Acidity, "Soybean plants, "Air pollution,
"Water pollution, Yields, Seeds, Growth, Exposure,
pH, Correlation, Reprints, "Acid precipitation.
PB86-103140	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environment Research Lab., OR.
Comparison of Experimental Designs Used to
Detect Changes In Yields of Crops Exposed to
Addle Precipitation. Journal article,
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
L. S. Evans, and K. H. Thompson. c1984, 5p EPA/
600/J-84/338
Prepared in cooperation with Manhattan Coll., Bronx,
NY. Lab. of Plant Morphogenesis.
Pub. in Agronomy Jnl., v76 p81 -84 Jan/Feb 84.
A comparison of experimental designs used to detect
changes in yield of crops exposed to simulated acidic
rain was performed. Seed yields were determined from
field-grown soybeans(Glycine max) exposed to simu-
lated rainfalls in which all ambient rainfalls were ex-
cluded by automatically moveable rainfall exclusion
shelters. When all eight, 4x4, latin squares were used,
simulated rainfalls of pH 4.1, 3.3, and 2.7 exhibited
yields 10.6, 16.8, and 23.9%, respectively, below
yields of plants exposed to pH 5.6. The linear compo-
nent of pH treatment differences showed a highly sig-
nificant decrease in yield (p<0.001). The eight latin
squares analyzed as individual experiments yielded er-
ratic conclusions. However, when all eight latin
squares were combined a satisfactory evaluation can
be made. The low probability value for differences
among latin squares (p< 0.005) indicates that field lo-
cations are a legitimate source of stratification.
Keywords: "Acidity, "Farm crops, "Water pollution,
"Air pollution, Yield, Exposure, Comparison, Experi-
mental design, pH, Evaluation, Field tests, Reprints,
"Acid precipitation, Glycine max.
PB86-103157/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Size Distribution of Particles That May Contribute
to Soiling of Material Surfaces. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
F. H. Haynie. 1985, 6p EPA/600/J-85/117
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association 35,
n5 p552-554 May 85.
The body of information presented in this paper is di-
rected to those individuals concerned with criteria for
secondary ambient air quality standards for particles.
The distribution of size of particles deposited on glass
was determined by light and scanning electron micros-
copy. Particles larger than 10 micrometers dominate
soiling on glass. More definitive research is needed,
especially on rough surfaces.
Keywords: "Particle size distribution, "Materials tests,
"Glass, Standards, Electron microscopy, Surfaces, Air
pollution, Reprints, "Air pollution effects(Materials),
"Air quality.
PB86-103173/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Control of Industrial VOC (Volatile Organic Com-
pound) Emissions by Catalytic Incineration.
Volume 7. Catalytic Incinerator Performance at In-
dustrial Site C-5. Final rept. May 82-Aug 83,
Radian Corp., Durham, NC.
C. J. Thielen, and M. A. Palazzolo. Jul 84,95p RAD-83-
203-001-50-33, EPA/600/2-84/118G
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
See also PB86-103181. Sponsored by Industrial Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., Research Triangle Park,
NC.
The report is part of a two-phase EPA effort to assess
the performance, suitability, and costs of various tech-
nologies to control emissions of volatile organic com-
pounds (VOCs). In Phase 1, information was assem-
bled from the literature on the use and cost of using
catalytic incineration for VOC control. Results includ-
ed: (1) a review of current and developing catalytic in-
cineration technology, (2) an assessment of the overall
performance of catalytic incinerators, (3) a review of
applications where catalytic incinerators are used, (4)
a comparative analysis of catalytic incineration with
other competing VOC controls, (5) an examination of
available methods for emission testing catalytic incin-
erators, and (6) an assessment of the need for addi-
tional performance test data. Phase 2 was a test pro-
gram designed to increase the catalytic incinerator
performance data base. It resulted in reports docu-
menting the performance of eight catalytic incinerators
at six industrial sites. The incinerators were used to
control VOC emissions from solvent evaporation proc-
esses at can coating, coil coating, magnet wire, and
graphic arts printing plants. Performance was meas-
ured at several process conditions at each site. Incin-
erator performance was characterized in terms of de-
struction efficiency, outlet solvent concentration, and
energy usage. Design and operating data were collect-
ed. This report presents test results from the incinera-
tor at Plant C-5, a magnet wire plant.
Keywords: "Magnet wire, "Air pollution control, "Cata-
lysts, "Incinerators, "Electrical insulation, "Solvents,
"Plastic coatings, Performance evaluation, Sampling,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Assess-
ments, Gas analysis. Reviews, Sites, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, Phenol, Cresols, "Volatile or-
ganic compounds, "Air pollution sampling, "Liquid
waste disposal, Air pollution detection.
PB86-103181/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Control of Industrial VOC (Volatile Organic Com-
pound) Emission* by Catalytic Incineration.
Volume 8. Catalytic Incinerator Performance at In-
dustrial Site C-6. Final rept. May 82-Aug 83,
Radian Corp., Durham, NC.
M. A. Palazzolo. Jul 84,108p RAD-83-203-001-50-32,
EPA/600/2-84/118H
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
See also PB84-225762, and PB86-103173. Sponsored
by Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
The report is part of a two-phase EPA effort to assess
the performance, suitability, and costs of various tech-
nologies to control emissions of volatile organic com-
pounds (VOCs). In Phase 1, information was assem-
bled from the literature on the use and cost of using
catalytic incineration for VOC control. Results includ-
ed: (1) a review of current and developing catalytic in-
cineration technology, (2) an assessment of the overall
performance of catalytic incinerators, (3) a review of
applications where catalytic incinerators are used, (4)
a comparative analysis of catalytic incineration with
other competing VOC controls, (5) an examination of
available methods for emission testing catalytic incin-
erators, and (6) an assessment of the need for addi-
tional performance test data. Phase 2 was a test pro-
gram designed to increase the catalytic incinerator
performance data base. It resulted in reports docu-
menting the performance of eight catalytic incinerators
at six industrial sites. The incinerators were used to
control VOC emissions from solvent evaporation proc-
esses at can coating, coil coating, magnet wire, and
graphic arts printing plants. Performance was meas-
ured at several process conditions at each site. Incin-
erator performance was characterized in terms of de-
struction efficiency, outlet solvent concentration, and
energy usage. Design and operating data were collect-
ed. This report presents test results from the incinera-
tor at Plant C-6, an aluminum foil coating plant.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Catalysts, 'Inciner-
ators, 'Metal coatings, "Solvents, "Aluminum foil, Per-
formance evaluation, Sampling, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Assessments, Gas analysis,
Reviews, Sites, Design criteria, Performance evalua-
tion, Phenol, Cresols, 'Volatile organic compounds,
'Air pollution sampling, "Liquid waste disposal, Air pol-
lution detection.
PB86-103199/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Control of Industrial VOC (Volatile Organic Com-
pound) Emissions by Catalytic Incineration,
volume 5. Catalytic Incinerator Performance at In-
dustrial Site C-3. Final rept. May 82-Aug 83,
Radian Corp., Durham, NC.
J.R.BIacksmith, and J. L. Randall. Jul 84,165p RAD-
83-203-001 -50-31, EPA/600/2-84/118E
Contract EPA-68-02-3171
See also PB86-103173. Sponsored by Industrial Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., Research Triangle Park,
NC.
The report is part of a two-phase EPA effort to assess
the performance, suitability, and costs of various tech-
nologies to control emissions of volatile organic com-
pounds (VOCs). In Phase 1, information was assem-
bled from the literature on the use and cost of using
catalytic incineration for VOC control. Results includ-
ed: (1) a review of current and developing catalytic in-
cineration technology, (2) an assessment of the overall
performance of catalytic incinerators, (3) a review of
applications where catalytic incinerators are used, (4)
a comparative analysis of catalytic incineration with
other competing VOC controls, (5) an examination of
available methods for emission testing catalytic incin-
erators, and (6) an assessment of the need for addi-
tional performance test data. Phase 2 was a test pro-
gram designed to increase the catalytic incinerator
performance data base. It resulted in reports docu-
menting the performance of eight catalytic incinerators
at six industrial sites. The incinerators were used to
control VOC emissions from solvent evaporation proc-
esses at can coating, coil coating, magnet wire, and
graphic arts printing plants. Performance was meas-
ured at several process conditions at each site. Incin-
erator performance was characterized in terms of de-
struction efficiency, outlet solvent concentration, and
energy usage. Design and operating data were collect-
ed. This report preseents testresultls and data evalua-
tion for the testing conducted at the third test site,
which involved the testing of two catalytic incinerators
at Plant C-3, a graphic arts printing establishment.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Catalysts, "Inciner-
ators, 'Printing equipment, "Solvents, "Graphic arts,
Performance evaluation, Sampling, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Assessments, Gas analysis,
Reviews, Sites, Design criteria, Performance evalua-
tion, 'Volatile organic compounds, "Air pollution sam-
pling, "Liquid waste disposal, Air pollution detection.
PB86-103660/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Atmospheric Diffusion Modeling Based on Bound-
ary Layer Parameterization. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. S. Irwin, S. E. Gryning, A. A. M. Holtslag, and B.
Sivertsen. Sep 85,55p EPA/600/3-85/056
Prepared in cooperation with Risoe National Lab.,
Roskilde (Denmark), Norsk Inst, for Luftforskning, Lil-
lestroem, and Royal Netherlands Meteorological Inst..
De Bilt.
The conclusions of a workgroup are presented outlin-
ing methods for processing meteorological data for
use in air quality diffusion modeling. To incorporate the
proper scaling parameters the discussion is structured
in accordance with the current concepts for the ideal-
ized states of the planetary boundary layer. The au-
thors recommend a number of models, the choice of
which depends on the actual idealized state of the at-
mosphere. Several of the models characterize directly
the crosswind integrated concentration at the surface,
thus avoiding whenever justified the assumption of a
Gaussian distribution of material in the vertical. The
goal was to characterize the meteorological conditions
affecting the diffusion for transport distances on the
order of 10 km or less. Procedures are suggested for
estimating the fundamental scaling parameters. For
obtaining the meteorological data needed for estimat-
ing the scaling parameters, a minimum measurement
program to be carried out at a mast is recommended. If
only synoptic data are available, methods are present-
ed for the determination of the scaling parameters.
Also, methods are suggested for estimating the verti-
cal profiles of wind velocity, temperature, and the var-
iances of the vertical and lateral wind velocity fluctua-
tions.
Keywords: "Atmospheric diffusion, "Mathematical
models, 'Air pollution, 'Boundary layers,
"Scale(Ratio), Transport properties, Meterology, Wind
velocity, Temperature, Concentration(Composition),
Parametric equations, 'Air quality, "Gaussian plume
models.
PB86-103678/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Impact of Primary Sulfate and Nitrate Emissions
from Selected Major Sources. Phase 1. Coal-Fired
Power Plant,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
J. D. McCain, W. G. Kistler, and 0. H. Carnes. Sep 85,
137p EPA/600/3-85/068
Contract EPA-68-02-3460
Prepared in cooperation with TRC Environmental Con-
sultants, Inc., East Hartford, CT. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
The report covers Phase one of a two phase study of
the near source impacts of primary sulfate and nitrate
emission sources. The phase one portion of the study
was an investigation of the impact of a coal fired power
plant burning high sulfur coal. The study was designed
to measure the increases in the ground-level ambient
air sulfate and nitrate concentrations resulting from the
plant's emission within ten kilometers of the plant. The
field sampling involved concurrent sampling at the
source and in the ambient upwind and downwind of the
plant for particulate matter, sulfates, nitrates, sulfuric
acid, nitric acid, S02, and NOx. The tests were con-
ducted in the vicinity of the Scholz Generating Station
of Gulf Power Co., which is located in a lightly industri-
alized area of north-western Florida. The plant con-
sists of two 50 megawatt units fueled by coal which
has an average sulfur content of 3.5 percent. The con-
centrations of H2S04, S02, NOx and particles were
respectively about 5 ppm, 2000 ppm, 450 ppm, and 50
mg/m3. The plant was the dominant source of S02 in
the area. Concentrations of over 500 ppb were meas-
ured in the plume downwind of the plant with average
concentrations over a six to ten hour period downwind
reaching values of proportional to the S02 concentra-
tions.
Keywords: "Environmental impacts, 'Sulfates, 'Inor-
ganic nitrates, 'Air pollution, Electric power plants, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Sources,
Concentration(Composition), Particles, Sulfuric acid,
Nitric acid, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides,
Wind(Meteorology), "Coal fired power plants, Scholz
Generating Station of Gulf Power Company, Case
studies.
PB86-104106/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Green River Air Quality Model Development.
VALMET - A Valley Air Pollution Model. Final rept.,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
C. D. Whiteman, and K. J. Allwine. Aug 85,185p PNL-
4728, EPA/600/3-85/064
See also PB84-120492. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Following a thorough analysis of meteorological data
obtained from deep valleys of western Colorado, a
modular air pollution model has been developed to
simulate the transport and diffusion of pollutants re-
leased from an elevated point source in a well-defined
mountain valley during the nighttime and morning tran-
sition periods. This initial version of the model, named
VALMET, operates on a valley cross section at an arbi-
trary distance down-valley from a continuous point
source. The model has been constructed to include
parameterizations of the major physical processes that
act to disperse pollution during these time periods. The
model has not been fully evaluated. Further testing,
evaluations, and development of the model are
needed. Priorities for further development and testing
are provided.
Keywords: "Mathematical models, "Air pollution, At-
mospheric diffusion, Green River, Transport proper-
ties, Fortran, Computer programming, 'Air quality,
Point sources.
PB86-104122/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Flue Gas Desulfurization Information System
(FGDIS) Data Base User's Manual,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
M. T. Melia. Sep 85, 278p EPA/600/8-85/023
Contract EPA-68-02-3173
See also PB83-146209. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The document is a user's manual and reference book/
primer for Flue Gas Desulfurization Information
System (FGDIS) users and recipients of the quarterly
Utility FGD Survey. Part I, interactive computer proce-
dures for the FGDIS, addresses the use of and termi-
nology related to the use of the computerized data
base. Part II, FGDIS terminology, addresses FGD
technology as it relates to this computerized data
base. The primary thrust of Part II concerns equip-
ment/component classifications: major equipment
items and construction materials are broken down into
primary, secondary, and tertiary categories referred to
as generic type, specific type, and trade/common
name (or common design). This is supported by an ap-
pendix that describes the use of problem/solution
codes. A glossary, defining common scrubber- arid
boiler-related FGD terms, includes definitions of data
field titles in FGDIS that may be unclear to new FGDIS
users or individuals somewhat detached from the
system.
Keywords: "Information systems, "Air pollution con-
trol, "Manuals, Computer programming, Flue gases,
Combustion products, industrial wastes, Scrubbers,
Boilers, 'Flue gas desulfurization, 'User
manuals(Computer programs).
PB86-104247/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
Emission Inventory Allocation Factors. Final root
Jul 84-Jul 85,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
F. M, Sellers, T. E. Fitzgerald, J. M. Lennon, L. J.
Maiocco, and N. M. Monzione. Sep 85, l81pGCA-TR-
84-171-G. EPA/600/7-85/036
Contract EPA-68-02-3698
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re.
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research LaD.
The report describes the processes, assumptions, and
data sources used in developing the National Acid Pre-
cipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP) temporal
spatial, and species allocation factors. The processing
of the NAPAP emissions inventory through the Region-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
al Model Data Handling System (RMDHS) and the
specifications for a new NAPAP data handling system
are also detailed. The Fulerian acid deposition model
being developed for use in the NAPAP required more
resolved emissions data than are available in the
NAPAP emissions inventory. The NAPAP inventory,
which separately covers annual emissions from point
and county-wide area sources, had to be apportioned
to reflect hourly emissions with area source emissions
assigned to grid squares. Hourly emissions of volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) then had to be allocated
into photochemical reactivity classes and nitrogen
oxides (NOx) emissions had to be separated into NO
and N02.
Keywords: "Air pollution control. Assessments, Nitro-
gen oxides, Photochemistry, Sources, Combustion
products, Allocation models, Information systems,
'Emission factors, 'Acid rain, "National Acid Precipita-
tion Assessment Program, 'Emission inventories,
Computer applications, Regional model data handling
system, Volatile organic compounds, Eulerian acid
deposition model.
PB86-104551/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Washington State Dept. of Ecology, Olympia.
Commencement Bay Nearshore/Tideflats Reme-
dial Investigation. Summary Report.
TetraTech, Inc., Bellevue, WA.
Aug 85,213p TETRAT-TC-3752, EPA/910/9-85/
134 A
See also PB86-104569. Sponsored by Washington
State Dept. of Ecology, Olympia, and Environmental
Protection Agency, Seattle, WA. Region X.
The report summarizes work complete under the U.S.
EPA/WDOE Cooperative Agreement for the Com-
mencement Bay Nearshore/Tideflats Remedial Inves-
tigation of the Waterways/Shoreline area. The Com-
mencement Bay Superfund Investigation includes vari-
ous integrated program management and technical
components. These include assessments of chemical
contamination, biological effects, toxicity, and public
health concerns; identification of sources; and identifi-
cation of potential remedial actions and technologies.
Keywords; 'Hazardous materials, 'Water pollution,
'Commencement Bay, Sediments, Organic com-
pounds, Marine biology, Toxicity, Public health, Sea-
food, Washington(State), Tideflats.
PB86-104569/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Washington State Dept. of Ecology, Olympia.
Commencement Bay Nearshore/Tideflats Reme-
dial Investigation. Volume 1. Final rept.
TetraTech,Inc., Bellevue, WA.
Aug 85,398p TETRAT-TC-3752-VOL-1, EPA/910/9-
85/134B
See also PB86-104577. Sponsored by Washington
State Dept. of Ecology, Olympia, and Environmental
Protection Agency, Seattle, WA. Region X.
The report represents work completed under the U.S.
EPA/WDOE Cooperative Agreement for Tasks 3, 4
and 5 of the Commencement Bay Superfund Investi-
gation. The investigation includes various integrated
program components; assessments of chemical con-
tamination, biological effects, toxicity, public health
concerns, source identification, and identification of
potential remedial actions and technologies.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Hazardous materials,
'Dredging, 'Water pollution, 'Commencement Bay,
Solid waste disposal, Puget Sound, Geophysical sur-
veys, Organic compounds, Chemical analysis, Super-
fund, Tide flats.
PB86-104S77/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Washington State Dept. of Ecology, Olympia.
Commencement Bay Nearshore/Tideflats Reme-
dial investigation. Volume 2. Final rept.
Tetra Tech, Inc., Bellevue, WA.
Aug 85,335p TETRAT-TC-3752-VOL-2, EPA/910/9-
85/134B
See also PB86-105202. Sponsored by Washington
State Dept. of Ecology, Olympia, and Environmental
Protection Agency, Seattle, WA. Region X.
The report represents work completed under the U.S.
EPA/WDOE Cooperative Agreement for Tasks 3, 4,
and 5 of the Commencement Bay Superfund Investi-
gation. The investigation includes various integrated
program components; assessments of chemical con-
tamination, biological effects, toxicity, public health
concerns, source identification, and identification of
potential remedial actions and technologies.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Solid waste disposal,
"Dredging, "Water pollution control, "Commencement
Bay, Washington(State), Sites, Toxicity, Materials han-
dling, Marine biology, Superfund.
PB86-104585/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Washington State Dept. of Ecology, Olympia.
Commencement Bay Nearshore/Tideflats Reme-
dial Investigation. Potential Remedial Technol-
ogies. Final rept.
TetraTech, Inc., Bellevue, WA.
Aug 85,149p TETRAT-TC-3042, EPA/910/9-85/
134D
See also PB86-105202. Sponsored by Washington
State Dept. of Ecology, Olympia, and Environmental
Protection Agency, Seattle, WA. Region X.
The report draws on the entire Commencement Bay
Superfund Investigation, including assessments of
chemical contamination, biological effects, toxicity,
public health concerns, and source identification. Po-
tential remedial technologies and actions for contami-
nated sediments and source control are presented. A
description of the waterway segments considered to
be problem areas, a discussion of contaminants of
concern and their potential sources, and remedial ac-
tions that should be screened and evaluated during
the Feasibility Study are included.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Hazardous materials,
'Dredging, 'Water pollution, 'Puget Sound, Solid
waste disposal, Ground water, Subsurface drainage,
Hydraulics, Sealing compounds, Grout, Tideflats, Su-
perfund, Point sources.
PB86-104593/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Washington State Dept. of Ecology, Olympia.
Commencement Bay Nearshore/Tideflats Super-
fund Site, Tacoma, Washington, Remedial investi-
gations. Decisionmaking Framework for Manage-
ment of Dredged Material: Application to Com-
mencement Bay, Washington.
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS. Environmental Lab.
Jul 85,250p EPA/910/9-85/134E
See also PB86-104601. Sponsored by Washington
State Dept. of Ecology, Olympia, and Environmental
Protection Agency, Seattle, WA. Region X.
The State of Washington Department of Ecology has
entered into a cooperative agreement with the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency to act as lead
agency in the implementation of Phase I Remedial In-
vestigations for the Commencement Bay Nearshore/
Tideflats Superfund Site, Washington. Superfund re-
medial action may involve removing and handling con-
taminated sediments found in the bay. In addition, on-
going and proposed navigation activities in Com-
mencement Bay require dredging and disposal of con-
taminated sediments located in the nearshore areas.
As a result, Superfund site investigations and planning
of navigation projects require identification and evalua-
tion of alternative methods for dredging and disposal
of contaminated sediments.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Solid waste disposal,
'Dredging, 'Water pollution control, 'Commencement
Bay, Washington(State), Sites, Removal, Materials
handling, Navigation, Superfund.
PB86-1046O1/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Washington State Dept. of Ecology, Olympia.
Commencement Bay Nearshore/Tideflats Super-
fund Site, Tacoma, Washington, Remedial Investi-
gations. Evaluation of Alternative Dredging Meth-
od* and Equipment, Disposal Methods and Sites,
and Site Control and Treatment Practices for Con-
taminated Sediments.
Corps of Engineers, Seattle, WA. Seattle District.
Jun 85,225p EPA/910/9-85/134F
See also PB86-104593. Sponsored by Washington
State Dept. of Ecology, Olympia, and Environmental
Protection Agency, Seattle, WA. Region X.
Alternative technologies and techniques for dredging,
disposal, and treatment of contaminated sediments
are reviewed. Selection of appropriate technologies
for contaminated sediments management depends on
the physical and chemical profile of the sediments, and
particularly on the physical state (liquid, solid, or gase-
ous) of contaminants of concern and changes in state
that may occur at different phases of dredging, dispos-
al, control and treatment. Determination of acceptable
criteria governing concentrations of contaminants in
water, sediments and soils, and air is the major re-
quirement for selecting specific technologies for man-
aging contaminated sediments.
Keywords: 'Dredging, 'Sediments, 'Solid waste dis-
posal, 'Commencement Bay, "Water pollution, Classi-
fications, Equipment, Marine biology, Sites,
Washington(State).
PB86-105004/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Chloroform.
Final Report.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Aug 85,415p EPA/800/8-84/004F
See also PB84-195163.
Chloroform is ubiquitous in the environment. The
northern hemisphere background average has been
determined to be approximately 14 ppt and the global
average is 8 ppt. After inhalation or ingestion, highest
concentrations are found in tissues with high lipid con-
tent. Chloroform has been detected in fetal liver. Chlo-
roform would be expected to appear in human milk,
because it has been found in cow's milk, cheese, and
butter. Subchronic and chronic toxicity experiments
with rats, mice, and dogs did not clearly establish a no-
effect exposure level for systemic toxicity. Chloroform
appears to have teratogenic potential when inhaled.
Delayed fetal development occurred at an exposure
level (30 ppm) that produced minimal maternal effects.
The majority of the assays for mutagenicity and geno-
toxicity have yielded negative results; however, many
of these results are inconclusive because of various in-
adequacies in the experimental protocols used.
Keywords: 'Chloroform, 'Environmental surveys,
'Public health, 'Industrial hygiene, Regulations, As-
sessments, Ecology, Standards, Toxicity, Mutagens,
Epidemiology, 'Occupational safety and health, Path
of pollutants.
PB86-105186/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Draft Environmental Impact Statement for North
Pinellas County, Florida Wastewater Facilities.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Apr 85,178p EPA/904/3-85/130
See also PB86-105194.
The Draft EIS addresses proposed wastewater man-
agement facilities for northern Pinellas County, Florida.
The major elements of the EIS include: (1) the devel-
opment and evaluation of wastewater disposal alterna-
tives for existing municipal wastewater treatment facili-
ties, (2) the development and evaluation of wastewater
management alternatives for the area east of Lake
Tarpon, (3) the evaluation of the environmental effects
and costs associated with the disposal of wastewater
through a Gulf outfall, and (4) the evaluation of
wastewater reuse in the study area.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Environmental
impact statements-draft, Municipalities, Allocations,
Waste disposal, Waste water reuse, Public health,
Land use, Wildlife, Oxygen, Florida, Pinellas
County(Florida).
PB86-105194/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Final Environmental Impact Statement for North
Pinellas County, Florida Wastewater Facilities.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Sep 85,147p EPA/904/9-85/134
See also PB86-105186.
The final EIS addresses proposed wastewater man-
agement facilities for northern PinellaS County, Florida.
The major elements of the EIS include: (1) the devel-
opment and evaluation of wastewater disposal alterna-
tives for existing municipal wastewater treatment facili-
ties, (2) the development and evaluation of wastewater
management alternatives for the area east of Lake
Tarpon, (3) the evaluation of the environmental effects
and costs associated with the disposal of wastewater
through a Gulf outfall, and (4) the evaluation of
wastewater reuse in the study area.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Environmental
impact statements-final, Sewage disposal, Ground
water, Cost analysis. Outfall sewers, Waste water
reuse, Surface waters. Land use, Pinella
County(Florida).
PB86-105202/HSU	PC A99/MF E06
Washington State Dept. of Ecology, Olympia.
Commencement Bay Nearshore/Tideflats Reme-
dial Investigation. Volumes 3 and 4. Appendices.
Tetra Tech, Inc., Bellevue, WA.
Aug 85, 1042p EPA/910/9-85/134C
See also PB86-104585. Sponsored by Washington
State Dept. of Ecology, Olympia, and Environmental
Protection Agency, Seattle, WA. Region X.
Appendices for Commencement Bay Nearshore/Tide-
flats Remedial Investigation, EPA 910/9-85-134b Vol-
umes 1 and 2 are described in the report.
Keywords: "Sediments, "Solid waste disposal, "Water
pollution, "Commencement Bay, Dredging, Materials
handling, Puget Sound, Washington(State).
PB86-105285/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Management of Point-of-Use Drinking Water
Treatment Systems. Final rept. Sep 82-May 85,
National Sanitation Foundation, Ann Arbor, Ml.
G. Bellen, M. Anderson, and R. Gottler. Sep 85,82p
EPA/600/2-85/111
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
One alternative solution to drinking water contamina-
tion problems which has received more attention in
recent years is treatment of contaminated water at the
home, or point-of-use. While point-of-use treatment
may provide a cost effective solution to drinking water
contamination, especially in small communities, the
loss of central control of the treatment process neces-
sitates a sound program for managing treatment de-
vices. This document discusses steps which small
communities should consider to implement proper in-
stallation and ongoing monitoring and maintenance of
point-of-use treatment devices to assure public health
and compliance with applicable drinking water regula-
tions.
Keywords: "Water treatment, "Water pollution, Financ-
ing, Residential buildings, Installing, Maintenance,
Cost analysis, Drinking water, Point of use treatment,
Small communities.
PB86-105293/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Destruction of PCBs (Polychlorlnated Blphenyls).
Environmental Applications of Alkali Metal Poly-
ethylene Glycolate Complexes. Project rept. Aug
82-Nov 84,
Franklin Research Center, Philadelphia, PA.
F. J. laconianni. Sep 85,65p EPA/600/2-85/108
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The project is a follow-on to a study which focused pri-
marily on the feasibility of chemical detoxification of
soil using FRCs NaPEG Reagents. The fundamental
chemistry of the decomposition of PCBs was also in-
vestigated in the previous study. The research de-
scribed herein involved primarily a laboratory study of
treatment methods for PCB contaminated soil using
the most effective NaPEG Reagents in terms of reac-
tivity and stability. Laboratory tests during the second
phase centered on the treatment of PCB contaminated
soil obtained from Buffalo, NY and Philadelphia, PA.
The effects of variable reaction parameters were ex-
amined in detail.
Keywords: "Soil analysis, "Decontamination, "Envi-
ronmental surveys, Experimental design,
Concentration(Composition), Stability, Sodium organic
compounds, Organic salts, Alkali metal organic com-
pounds, "Polychlorinated biphenyls, "Chemical treat-
ment, "Chemical spills, Poly(glycolic acid)/(ethylene-
ester).
446 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB86-105772/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Cost and Economic Assessment of Alternative
National Ambient Air Quality Standards for
Carbon Monoxide (Revised). Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Chapel Hill, NC. GCA Technology Div.
M. G. Smith, S. E. Schechter, and T. McCurdy. Jul 85,
166p EPA/450/5-85/006
Contract EPA-68-02-3804
Prepared in cooperation with Energy and Environmen-
tal Analysis, Inc., Arlington, VA. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The report presents cost and economic impact infor-
mation needed to undertake a complete benefits/cost
analysis of setting alternative carbon monoxide
NAAOS. Four alternative 8-hour NAAQS were ana-
lyzed: 9 ppm, one observed exceedance, and 9,12,15
ppm one expected exceedance of daily maxima. The
cost estimates are for both total societal and industrial
sector control technology installation and operation.
These include capital changes, annualized capital ex-
penditures, and annual operating and maintenance/
repair costs. Mobile source expenditures are analyzed
separately from stationary source control costs. The
economic impact analysis includes data on industry's
ability to bear the capital expense and the inflationary
and competitive impacts of incurring the control costs.
Three time periods of analysis are used: 1987, 1990,
and 1995.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Carbon monoxide,
"Benefit cost analysis, "Economic impact, "Standards,
Substitutes, Assessments, Capitalized costs, Operat-
ing costs, Maintenance, Forecasting, Motor vehicles,
Regulations, Sources, Industrial wastes, Exhaust
emission, Combustion products, "National ambient air
quality standards, * Air quality, "Air pollution abate-
ment, Stationary sources, Point sources.
PB86-106085	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Simulated Acidic Rain on Yields of
Field-Grown Crops. Journal article,
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
L. S. Evans, K. F. Lewin, E. A. Cunningham, and M. J.
Patti. C1982,14p EPA/600/J-82/448
Prepared in cooperation with Manhattan Coll., Bronx,
NY. Dept. of Environmental Engineering and Science.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Pub. in New Phytologist 91, p429-441,1982.
Experiments were performed to determine the effects
of simulated acidic rainfall on yields of radish (Ra-
phanus sativa), garden beet (Beta vulgaris), kidney
bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), and alfalfa (Medicago
sativa) grown under standard agronomic practices.
The experimental design allowed the detection of sta-
tistically significant differences among means that dif-
fered from each other by less than 10%. The plants
were exposed to small additions of simulated rain at
pH levels of 5.7, 4.0, 3.1, and 2.7. The spray-to-wet
simulated rain applications were similar in volume to
the median of all ambient rainfall showers. Some
plants received no simulated rainfall and all were ex-
posed to ambient rainfall at Brookhaven National Lab-
oratory (Upton, N.Y.), which had a mean weighted pH
of 4.06 during the summer of 1980. Root mass of
radish was not significantly affected by simulated
acidic rainfall.
Keywords:	"Acidity,	"Vegetables,
"Precipitation(Meteorology), "Air pollution, pH, Experi-
mental design, Injuries, Exposure, Ozone, Sulfur diox-
ide, Reprints, "Acid precipitation, Beta vulgaris.
PB86-106101/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Water Resources Data for New Jersery, Water
Year 1984. Volume 1. Atlantic Slope Basins,
Hudson River to Cape May. Water-data rept.
(Annual) 1 Oct 83-30 Sep 84,
Geological Survey, Trenton, NJ. Water Resources Div.
W. R. Bauersfeld, E. W. Moshinsky, E. A. Pustay, and
F. L. Schaefer. May 85,340p USGS/WRD/HD-85/
234, USGS/WDR/NJ-84/1
See also PB85-127330. Prepared in cooperation with
New Jersey Dept. of Environmental Protection, Tren-
ton.
Water Resources data for the 1984 water year for New
Jersey consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality of ground water. This volume of the
report contains discharge records for 79 gaging sta-
tions; tide summaries for 1 station; stage and contents
for 15 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 62 sur-
face-water sites and 141 wells; and water levels for 54
observation wells.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Surface waters, "New
Jersey, Water quality. Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes,
Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Temperature,
Tables(Data), Atlantic Slope Basins, Hudson River,
Cape May, "Water quality data, "Hydrologic data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB86-106564/HSU	PC A22/MF A01
Freshwater Wetlands for Wastewater Manage-
ment Environmental Assessment Handbook.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Sep 85, 516p EPA/904/9-85/135
The Freshwater Wetlands Handbook provides institu-
tional, scientific and engineering guidance for the use
of natural, freshwater wetlands for wastewater man-
agement. Wetlands have long been recognized for
their pollutant removal capabilities and many have
been used for wastewater management for some time.
Little technical or institutional guidance currently exists
for regulating these systems or for planning new sys-
tems. This Handbook provides guidance for state and
federal regulatory agencies and potential dischargers
evaluating wetlands for wastewater disposal or pollut-
ant removal.
Keywords: "Fresh water, "Waste water, "Water quality
management, "Water pollution control, Handbooks,
National government, Sewage treatment, Removal,
State government, Regulations, 'Wetlands,
Discharge(Water).
PB86-1O6606/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Draft Environmental Impact Statement for Metro-
politan Seattle. Volume 1. Regional Analysis, King
County, Washington.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Sep 77,451 p EPA/910/9-77/043A
See also PB86-106614. Prepared in cooperation with
Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle, WA., Washington
State Dept. of Ecology, Olympia, and Montgomery
(James M.), Inc., Pasadena, CA.
The Draft Environmental Impact Statement evaluates
the environmental, social and economic impacts for al-
ternative wastewater facilities proposed to serve the
regional area of metropolitan Seattle. The EIS de-
scribes existing wastewater facilities, water quality
planning and regulations, and major issues.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Environmental
impact statements-draft, Washington(State), Urban
areas, Regulations, Land use, Fisheries, Overflows,
Sewers, Salmon, Wildlife, Seattle(Washington), Habi-
tats.
PB88-10S614/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Draft Environmental Impact Statement for Metro-
politan Seattle. Volume 2. West Point, King
County, Washington.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Sep 77, 251p EPA/910/9-77/043B
See also PB86-106622. Prepared in cooperation with
Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle, WA., Washington
State Dept. of Ecology, Olympia, and Montgomery
(James M.), Inc., Pasadena, CA.
The West Point wastewater treatment plant is one of
five Metro treatment plants that will be affected by the
wastewater management alternatives being consid-
ered in the 201 Facility Plan. This report, Volume II,
presents the impacts of the eight treatment alterna-
tives on the West Point plant site and service areas.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Environmental
impact statements-draft, Municipalities, Soils, Biology
Land use, Cost analysis, Alternative planning'
Seattle(Washington),	Habitats,	West
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-106622/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Draft Environmental Impact Statement for Metro-
politan Seattle. Volume 2. Alki, King County,
Washington.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Sep 77, 162p EPA/910/9-77/043C
See also PB86-106630. Prepared in cooperation with
Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle, WA., Washington
State Dept. of Ecology, Olympia, and Montgomery
(James M ), Inc., Pasadena, CA.
The Draft EIS summarizes the impacts of the alterna-
tives for the Alki plant and service area as well as alter-
native sites in the Duwamish industrial area. The eight
regional alternatives are summarized below, particular-
ly as they affect Alki or the Duwamish area.
Keywords: "Industrial plants, "Environmental impact
statements-draft, Municipalities, Water pollution, Sites,
Cost analysis, Sludge disposal, Wildlife,
Seattle(Washington), "Alki plant, King
County(Washington).
PB86-106630/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Draft Environmental Impact Statement for Metro-
politan Seattle. Volume 2. Carkeek Park, King
County, Washington.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Sep 77,124p EPA/910/9-77/043D
See also PB86-106648. Prepared in cooperation with
Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle, WA., Washington
State Dept. of Ecology, Olympia, and Montgomery
(James M.), Inc., Pasadena, CA.
The Draft Environmental Impact Statement is summa-
rized in terms of the proposal, the alternatives consid-
ered, the direct and indirect impacts on the environ-
ment, and mitigating measures to eliminate adverse
impacts. The Draft Facility Plan for Metropolitan Seat-
tle Wastewater Facilities, prepared for the Municipality
of Metropolitan Seattle, presents alternatives for Puget
Sound Plants to the year 2005.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Environmental
impact statements - draft, Licenses, Air pollution,
Odors, Land use, Constraints, Wildlife,
Seattle(Washington), Carkeek Park.
PB86-106648/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Draft Environmental Impact Statement for Metro-
politan Seattle Wastewater Facilities Plan. Volume
2. Richmond Beach, King County, Washington.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Aug 77,122p EPA/910/9-77/043E
See also PB86-106606. Prepared in cooperation with
Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle, WA., Washington
State Dept. of Ecology, Olympia, and Montgomery
(James M.), Inc., Pasadena, CA.
The Draft Environmental Impact Statement is summa-
rized in terms of the proposal, the alternatives consid-
ered, the direct and indirect impacts on the environ-
ment, and measures to mitigate adverse impacts. The
Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle has prepared a
Draft Facility Plan for Puget Sound plants to the year
2005. Alternatives in the Draft Facility plan are focused
on facilities at West Point, Alki, Carkeek Park, and
Richmond Beach. The Draft EIS summarizes the im-
pacts of the alternatives for the Richmond Beach plant
and service area.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Environmental
impact statements-draft, Municipalities, Ecology,
Water pollution, Noise pollution, Animals, Land use,
Seattle(Washington).
PB86-106978/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Propachlor as the Active In-
redlent.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 84,104p EPA/540/RS-84/011
The document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Standards, "Guidelines,
Packaging, Labels, Marking, Hazardous materials,
Ecology, Regulations, Agricultural products, Manufac-
turing, Public health, Waste disposal, Exposure, "Re-
registration, "Ramrod, "Toxic substances, CAS 1918-
16-7, Acetanilide/chloro-N-isopropyl, Federal Insecti-
cide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act.
PB86-107034/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Quality Assurance for the Acid Precipitation
Measurement Program in the United States,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
P. L. Finkelstein. Sep 85,8p EPA/600/D-85/197
The U.S. National Atmospheric Deposition Program
(NADP) is a confederation of scientists, universities,
and government agencies formed with the common in-
terest of measuring acid rain in the United States. In
order to insure that the data developed under this pro-
gram are reliable, a quality assurance program was de-
veloped. This report reviews the major aspects of the
NADP Quality Assurance Plan, including field oper-
ations, laboratory activities, and data handling.
Keywords: "Quality assurance, "United States, "Air
pollution, Reviews, Concentration(Composition), Field
tests,	Experimental	design,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Sites, Information sys-
tems, Data processing, "Acid rain, "National Atmos-
pheric Deposition Program.
PB86-107042/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Methods for Assessing Exposure to Chemical
Substances. Volume 4. Methods for Enumerating
and Characterizing Populations Exposed to
Chemical Substances. Final rept.,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
D. A. Dixon, K. A. Hammerstrom, G. L. Hendrickson, A.
Borenstein, and J. J. Doria. Jul 85, 298p EPA/560/5-
85/004
Contract EPA-68-01-6271
See also PB86-107059. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Pesti-
cides and Toxic Substances.
The report, one of a series of reports concerning expo-
sure assessment, describes methods for estimating
the sizes of populations potentially exposed to chemi-
cal substances. Five categories of exposed popula-
tions are covered: (1) populations exposed to chemi-
cals in the ambient environment, (2) workers, (3) popu-
lations exposed through ingestion of chemicals in
food, (4) users of consumer products, and (5) popula-
tions exposed through ingesting chemicals in drinking
water. The report contains general data on populations
from governmental agencies such as the U.S. Bureau
of Census, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Department
of Agriculture, and EPA's Office of Drinking Water. It
also contains step-by-step methods for locating and
using data to enumerate each subpopulation identified
as potentially exposed to toxic chemicals. Appendix A
contains sample calculations illustrating the methods
presented in the text. Appendix B is OSHA's Industry-
Occupation (l-O) Matrix, described in Section 3 of the
report.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Environmental sur-
veys, "Toxicology, "Public health, "Industrial hygiene,
"Chemical compounds, Exposure, Risk, Assessments,
Sources, Industrial wastes, Ecology. Air pollution,
Water pollution, Food analysis, Populations, Humans,
Exhaust emissions, Materials tests, Plants(Botany),
Animals, Microorganisms, Potable water, "Health
risks, "Toxic substances, "Environmental health, "Oc-
cupational safety and health, Path of pollutants, Land
pollution.
PB86-107059/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Methods for Assessing Exposure to Chemical
Substances. Volume 3. Method* for Assessing Ex-
posure from Disposal of Chemical Substances.
Final rept.,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
L. C. Adkins, S. H. Nacht, J. J. Doria, and M. T.
Christopher. Jul 85,393p EPA/560/5-85/003
Contract EPA-68-01-6271
See also PB86-107042. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Pesti-
cides and Toxic Substances.
The report, which is part of a series of volumes on ex-
posure assessment, presents methods for estimating
environmental releases of chemical substances from
disposal sites. These release estimates must be used
in conjunction with procedures given in Volume 2 (am-
bient exposure category) and Volume 5 (drinking water
exposure category) in order to complete the exposure
assessment. A five-stage methodological framework
outlines the major steps that must be taken in order to
estimate releases from disposal by landfilling, land
treatment, surface impoundment, municipal
wastewater treatment, incineration, and deep-well in-
jection. The methods are applicable to chemical sub-
stances in all of the following waste categories: munici-
pal solid waste, industrial solid waste (hazardous and
nonhazardous), municipal wastewater, wastewater
treatment sludges, and incinerator residues. The
report provides guidance on information resources
useful in completing each step and also discusses
data gaps and limitations in predictive capability.
Sample data and summaries of information resources
are included in appendices.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Environmental sur-
veys, "Toxicology, "Public health, "Industrial hygiene,
"Chemical compounds, Exposure, Risk, Assessments,
Sources, Industrial wastes, Incinerators, Air pollution,
Water pollution, Ecology, Humans, Exhaust emissions,
Materials tests, Plants(Botany), Animals, Microorga-
nisms, "Health risks, "Toxic substances, "Environ-
mental health, "Occupational safety and health, Path
of pollutants, Land pollution, Land treatment, Munici-
pal wastes, Sludge treatment, Surface impoundments.
PB86-107067/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Methods for Assessing Exposure to Chemical
Substances. Volume 2. Methods for Assessing Ex-
posure to Chemical Substances in the Ambient
Environment. Final rept.,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
J. R. Freed, S. H. Nacht, T. Chambers, W. N. Christie,
and C. E. Carpenter. Jul 85,419p EPA/560/5-85/002
Contract EPA-68-01-6271
See also PB86-107083, and PB86-107059. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
The document is the second in a series of volumes de-
veloped for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Toxic Substances to assist in the assessment
of exposure to chemical substances. This report pre-
sents methods that can be used to estimate exposure
to chemical substances in the ambient environment
and includes many tools, data sources, and models
that are useful in the exposure estimation procedures.
The volume is organized to reflect the flow of informa-
tion in an ambient exposure assessment. Sections 2
and 3 provide information on the preliminary data re-
quired, i.e., production volume, physicochemical prop-
erties, and uses of the chemical substance. Section 4
contains a description of the availability and use of
monitoring data bases and how monitoring data are in-
tegrated in the overall methods. Section 5 indicates
how the population methods (Volume 4) fit into the
overall process. Section 6 is the core of this volume; it
addresses the analytical framework for calculating ex-
posure and discusses how to access appropriate data
for each of the analytical elements. To supplement the
text, an Information Resource Matrix which indexes
data bases and other resources is included as Appen-
dix A; a list of chemicals studied and regulated by fed-
eral agencies as of 1984 is provided as Appendix B;
and examples of pertinent data base outputs are given
in Appendix C.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Environmental sur-
veys, "Toxicology, "Public health, "Industrial hygiene,
"Chemical compounds, Exposure, Risk, Assessments,
Sources, Industrial wastes, Ecology, Air pollution,
Water pollution, Humans, Exhaust emissions, Materi-
als tests, Plants(Botany), Animals, Microorganisms,
Mathematical models, Chemical analysis, "Health
risks, 'Toxic substances, "Environmental health, 'Oc-
cupational safety and health, Path of pollutants, Land
pollution. -
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-107083/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Methods for Assessing Exposure to Chemical
Substances. Volume 1. Introduction. Final rept.,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
M. A. Callahan, G. L. Dixon, S. H. Nacht, D. A. Dixon,
and J. J. Doria. Jul 85,103p EPA/560/5-85/001
Contract EPA-68-02-3968
See also PB86-107067. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Pesti-
cides and Toxic Substances.
The document is the first in a series of volumes devel-
oped for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Toxic Substances to assist in the assessment
of exposure to chemical substances. This introductory
volume discusses issues of general interest in all ex-
posure assessments, including a discussion on plan-
ning an assessment, and summarizes the contents of
the next eight volumes. Planning an exposure assess-
ment is a function of the purpose, scope, depth, and
approach of the assessment. The report presents a list
of questions that, when answered, aid the assessor in
determining the resources and tools needed to do the
assessment. The organization of an exposure assess-
ment is discussed, and a basic outline that can be
used is provided. The content of major sections in an
exposure assessment are discussed: General Infor-
mation, Sources, Exposure Pathways and Environ-
mental Fate, Monitoring or Estimated Concentrations,
Exposed Populations, and the Integrated Exposure
Analysis. An overview of exposure assessments in dif-
ferent settings is presented. Different types of assess-
ments (screening level, intermediate level, detailed,
and special assessments) are described.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Environmental sur-
veys, 'Toxicology, 'Public health, 'Industrial hygiene,
"Chemical compounds, Exposure, Risk, Assessments,
Sources, Industrial wastes, Ecology, Air pollution,
Water pollution, Humans, Exhaust emissions, Materi-
als tests, Plants(Botany), Animals, Microorganisms,
'Health risks, 'Toxic substances, 'Environmental
health, 'Occupational safety and health, Path of pollut-
ants, Land pollution.
PB86-107182/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
infrastructure and Maintenance of Water Quality,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. M. Clark, B. W. Lykins, and J. A. Goodrich. Sep 85,
36p EPA/600/D-85/216
Concern over maintenance of water quality in distribu-
tion systems and a growing awareness of the apparent
decay of America's infrastructure has motivated EPA's
Drinking Water Research Division to sponsor a series
of projects dealing with the repair and rehabilitation of
drinking water distribution systems. The quality of a
public water supply, although acceptable when it
leaves the treatment plant, may deteriorate before it
reaches the user. This paper analyzes the various fac-
tors that influence repair and replacement decisions in
water distribution systems and the problems surround-
ing maintenance of water quality.
Keywords: 'Distribution systems, 'Water distribution,
'Water pollution, Maintenance, Potable water, Water
supply, Public utilities, Replacing, Decision making,
'Drinking water.
PB86-107190	Not available NTIS
Highway Motor Vehicles as Sources of Atmos-
pheric Particles: Projected Trends 1977 to 2000.
Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
F. Black, J. Braddock, R. Bradow, and M. Ingalls.
C1985,30p EPA/600/J-85/170
Prepared in cooperation with Southwest Research
Inst., San Antonio, TX.
Pub. in Environment International, v11 p205-233 1985.
Highway motor vehicle emissions contribute to the
total atmospheric particulate burden. The possible
health and welfare effects of these emissions depend
upon their composition and concentration in the at-
mosphere, the exposure of man and materials, and in
some instances the length of time of the exposure.
The characteristics of long-term national and mesos-
cale (city-wide) exposures and short-term localized
(congested freeway, city street canyon) exposures to
mobile source particles were examined for 1977,1988,
448 Vol. 90, No. 24
and the year 2000. Because of interest in the possible
impact of passenger car dieselization on atmospheric
particulate levels, three degrees of diesel penetration
(5, 10, and 20% of light-duty sales by 2000) were ex-
amined with and without an assumed scenario of par-
ticulate emissions regulation. The compositional char-
acteristics of mobile source particles will change with
the outyear fraction of lead decreasing and the fraction
of elemental and organic carbon increasing.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Exhaust emissions, "Par-
ticles, 'Air pollution, Trends, Sources, Highways,
Urban areas, Chemical composition,
Concentration(Composition), Exposures, Public
health, Gasoline, Tables(Data), Reprints, "Air pollution
effects(Humans), 'Air pollution effects(Materials),
Emission factors, Diesel engine exhaust, Automobile
exhaust.
PB86-107208/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Alteration of Behavioral Sex Differentiation by Ex-
posure to Estrogenic Compounds during a Critical
Neonatal Period: Effects of Zearalenone, Methox-
ychlor, and Estradiol in Hamsters. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. E. Gray, J. M. Ferrell, and J. S. Ostby. 1985,12p
EPA/600/J-85/168
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 80, n1
p127-136 Aug 85.
The present study was designed to determine if neon-
atal exposure to the estrogenic mycotoxin zearalen-
one or the weakly estrogenic pesticide methoxychlor
could masculinize and/or defeminize the behavior of
female hamsters. Neonatal hamsters were given a
single s.c. injection of either zearalenone (1 mo/pup),
methoxychlor (1mg/pup), 17 Beta Oestradiol (E2) (40
micrograms/pup) or the vehicle two days after birth.
After puberty, behavioral estrous cyclicity was meas-
ured. The females were then ovariectomized, treated
with the male hormone testosterone, and tested for
their ability to mount a receptive female (a behavior not
normally displayed by female hamsters). Females
treated neonatally with estradiol or zearalenone were
masculinized but not defeminized, an effect consistent
with perinatal exposure to low doses of sex hormones.
Females in these two treatment groups displayed
normal four day behavioral estrous cycles, but follow-
ing ovariectomy and testosterone treatment they
mounted a sexually receptive female at levels compa-
rable to the males. Methoxychlor-treated females did
not differ from controls.
Keywords: 'Sex, Behavior, Exposure, Hamsters, Labo-
ratory animals, Reprints, "Estrogenic compounds,
Zearalenone, Methoxychlor, Estradiol.
PB86-107216	Not available NTIS
Effect of Phenobarbltol on the Gamma-Glutafnyl-
transpeptidase Activity and the Remodeling of
Nodules Induced by the initiation-Selection
Model. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
S. L. Herren-Freund, and M. A. Pereira. c1985,11 p
EPA/600/J-85/162
Pub. in Cancer Letters 27, p153-161 Jun 85.
Enzyme-altered foci and nodules have been observed
in the liver of rats treated with
diethylnitrosamine(DENA) followed by selection with
0.02% 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) and a partial
hepatectomy (PH) (DENA-2AAF-PH treatment). The
authors determined the effect of subsequent adminis-
tration of phenobarbital or of a second dose of DENA
on the progression or reversion of these lesions. After
the removal of 2-AAF from the diet, one group of rats
received no further treatment, another group received
subsequent exposure to phenobarbital, a third group
received a second dose of DENA, and a fourth group
received a second dose of DENA without the partial
hepatectomy during the 2-AAF exposure. The rats
were sacrificed at various times up to 58 weeks follow-
ing the 2-AAF exposure. Subsequent exposure to phe-
nobarbital did not alter the tumor incidence in the
DENA-2AAF-PH treated rats while the second dose of
DENA resulted in an increased incidence of hyperplas-
tic nodules and hepatocellular carcinomas as well as
an increase in renal tubular adenomas and carcino-
mas.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, 'Phenobarbital,
'Enzymes, "Toxicology, Laboratory animals, Dosage,
Exposure, Rats, Mathematical models, Liver diseases,
Reprints, 'Nitrosamine/diethyl, "Transpeptidase/glu-
tamyl, Cancer.
PB86-107224	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Case-Control Study of Waterborne Giardiasis in
Reno, Nevada. Journal article,
Center for Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA. Div. of
Parasitic Diseases.
T. R. Navin, D. D. Juranek, M. Ford, D. J. Minedew, and
E. C. Lippy. C1985, 9p EPA/600/J-85/163
Prepared in cooperation with Washoe County District
Health Dept., Reno, NV., and Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Toxicology and Microbi-
ology Div. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in American Jnl. of Epidemiology, v122 n2 p269-
275, Aug 85.
Waterborne disease outbreaks are a growing problem
in the United States (1), and several recent outbreaks
have been linked to the parasite Giardia lamblia (2-8).
Previous outbreaks of waterborne giardiasis have
often been associated with unfiltered or inadequately
filtered surface water (2-8), and beavers have been im-
plicated in certain instances as a likely reservoir of the
parasite (3,4). (Copyright (c) 1985 by The Johns Hop-
kins University School of Hygiene and Public Health.)
Keywords: 'Giardiasis, 'Disease vectors, 'Water pol-
lution, 'Reservoirs, Giardia, Filtration, Rodents, Mu-
nicipalities, Reprints, Waterborne diseases,
Reno(Nevada), Giardia lamblia, Parasites.
PB86-107232/HSU	PC A02/MF AO t
Identification of Mutagenic Compounds Formed
during Chlorlnatlon of Humlc Acid. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
J. R. Meier, H. P. Ringhand, W. E. Coleman, J. W.
Munch, and R. P. Streicher. 1985,v15p EPA/600/J-85/
164
Pub. in Mutation Research 157, pi 11-1221985.
Humic acid chlorination products are being studied in
an effort to identify the chemicals responsible for the
mutagenicity formed during water chlorination. In the
present report, nineteen chlorinated organic com-
pounds have been identified and quantified in ether ex-
tracts of chlorinated humic acid solutions. Ten of these
compounds, including a number of chlorinated propan-
ones and chlorinated propenals, are direct-acting mu-
tagens in the Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity
assay. The position of the chlorine substituent has
been found to be an important factor in the mutagenic
activity of these two classes of compounds. The total
mutagenicity of the compounds identified thus far,
when tested either individually or as a composite, ac-
counts for only about 8% of the total mutagenicity
formed during humic acid chlorination. The addition of
bromide to the humic acid chlorination reaction results
in up to a two-fold increase in the level of mutagenicity
formed.
Keywords: 'Chlorination, "Humic acids, "Mutagens,
"Potable water, "Water treatment, Halogen organic
compounds, Carcinogens, Public health, Bioassays.
Water analysis, Reprints, "Water pollution detection,
"Water pollution effects(Humans), Halomethanes.
PB86-107240	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Postnatal Methyl Mercury Exposure: Effect* on
Ontogeny of Renal and Hepatic Ornithine Decar-
boxylase Responses to Trophic Stimuli. Journal ar-
ticle,
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC.
J. Bartolome, A. Grignolo, M. Bartolome, P. Trepanier
and L. Lerea. C1985,10p EPA/600/J-85/169
Grant EPA-R-811621
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 80, n1
p147-154 Aug 85!
The effects of postnatal methylmercury exposure on
the ongoteny of kidney and liver responsiveness to
trophic stimuli were examined. Increased ornithine de-
carboxylase (ODC) activity was used as an index of
tissue stimulation. In the rat, kidney ODC responsive-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
isoproterenol and serotonin is absent at birth and ma-
tures 3 to 4 weeks later. However, pups exposed to
methylmercury showed marked ODC responses to
these same agents as early as 10-19 days of postnatal
age, accompanied by a significant renal hypertrophy.
In contrast to the kidney, the liver of normally develop-
ing rats is responsive to trophic factors even in the
neonate. In this tissue, there was no consistent effect
of neonatal methylmercury treatment on ODC re-
sponses at any developmental stage tested; although
absolute liver weights were reduced, liver/body weight
ratio was not affected. These results demonstrate that
postnatal methylmercury exposure causes organ-spe-
cific alterations in the ontogeny of tissue ODC respon-
siveness to trophic stimuli, which may participate in
subsequent effects of this organomercurial on overall
tissue development and function.
Keywords: "Methyl mercury, 'Toxicology, Exposure,
Kidney, Liver, Reprints, Ornithine decarboxylase.
PB86-107315/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Verification of PCB (Polychlorlnatsd Biphenyl)
Spill Cleanup by Sampling and Analysis. Interim
rept. no 2,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
B. A. Boomer, M. D. Erickson, S. E. Swanson, D. C.
Cox, and B. D. Schultz. Aug 85, 76p EPA/560/5-85/
026
Contract EPA-68-02-3938
Prepared in cooperation with Washington Consulting
Group, DC. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic Substances.
The report, intended primarily for EPA enforcement
personnel, outlines specific sampling and analysis
methods to determine compliance with EPA policy on
the cleanup of PCB spills. The sampling and analysis
methods can be used to determine the residual levels
of PCBs at a spill site following the completion of
cleanup activities. Although the methodologies out-
lined in this document are applicable to PCB spills in
general, specific incidents may require special efforts
beyond the scope of this report. A sampling design is
proposed for use by EPA enforcement staff in detect-
ing residual PCB contamination above a designated
limit after a spill site has been cleaned. The proposed
design involves sampling on a hexagonal grid which is
centered on the cleanup area and extends just beyond
its boundaries. Quality assurance (QA) must be ap-
plied throughout the entire monitoring program. Quality
control (QC) measures, including protocls, certification
and performance checks, procedural QC, sample QC,
and sample custody as appropriate, should be stipulat-
ed in a QA plan.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, Sampling, Chemi-
cal analysis, Chlorine organic compounds, Design cri-
teria, Quality control, Quality assurance, Performance
evaluation, "Chemical spills, "Polychlorinated biphen-
yls, "Waste treatment, Liquid wastes.
PB86-107398/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Lime/Limestone Flue Gas Desulfurlzation Inspec-
tion and Performance Evaluation Manual,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
E. R. Kirshnan, R. S. McKibben, M. T. Melia, and B. A.
Laseke. Sep 85,307p EPA/600/8-85/024
Contract EPA-68-02-3995
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The manual-on wet nonregenerable lime/limestone
flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems-is intended to
guide Federal and State regulatory personnel con-
cerned with the inspection and permitting of FGD sys-
tems for coal-fired steam electric generators in the
U.S. It is a working document for someone who peri-
odically inspects power plants to ensure their compli-
ance with emission standards. Orientation material on
the design, operating, and performance characteristics
of FGD systems may also be helpful to the environ-
mental regulatory agency permitter. With its goal of fa-
cilitating tne systematic inspection of an FGD system
to determine the system's present and probable future
compliance status, the manual limits process theory to
a necessary minimum and makes ample use of charts,
checklists, and simplified diagrams in providing impor-
tant guidelines and recommendations. Following the
introductory section defining its purpose, approach,
and scope, the manual contains sections on lime/lime-
stone technology, performance monitoring, inspection
methods and procedures, performance evaluation and
problem diagnosis/correction, operation and mainte-
nance, and safety. Appendices provide supplementary
reference material, definitions of FGD terms, calcula-
tion sheets, and example checklists, the latter two for
use by someone inspecting a plant.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Manuals,
Performance evaluation, Inspection, Calcium carbon-
ates, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Mainte-
nance, "Limestone scrubbing, Flue gas desulfuriza-
tion.
PB86-107414/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Methods Manual for Bottom Sediment Sample
Collection,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
M. Palmer. May 85, 52p EPA/905/4-85/004
The Methods Manual is detailed procedures for survey
planning, sample collection, document preparation
and quality assurance for sediment sampling surveys
conducted by the Great Lakes National Program
Office. The data base will be utilized to institute a re-
medial action program in accordance with USEPA poli-
cies and procedures guidelines.
Keywords: "Sediments, "Great Lakes, "Water pollu-
tion, Manuals, Sampling, Bioassay, Organic com-
pounds, Harbors, Volatility, Collecting methods, Poli-
cies.
PB86-107463/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Reuse Status of Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste
Sites after Remediation In Europe and the United
States.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
N. P. Barkley, G. L. Kingsbury, and T. M. Bliss. Sep 85,
21 p EPA/600/D-85/218
Contract EPA-68-03-3149
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Reclamation and redevelopment of contaminated
properties in the United States (U.S.) and Europe have
been addressed by analyzing what has and is being
done at the present time. The U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency (USEPA) initiated an effort in 1983
which substantially documented the U.S. experience.
In 1985 attentention was given to the European experi-
ence in the area of reclamation and reuse of the land.
Case studies for nineteen hazardous waste sites in
several European countries and twelve sites located in
the U.S. were selected and examined in detail. These
study sites included former coal gasification sites, fer-
tilizer and pesticide manufacturing sites, defense man-
ufacturers and several uncontrolled dump sites. Land
reuse focused largely on residential and industrial con-
cerns, but also consisted of governmental, commercial
and agricultural facilities.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Land reclamation,
Solid waste disposal, Sites, Land development, Resi-
dential areas, Industrial wastes, "Europe, "United
States, "Land disposal.
PB86-107539	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Organic Loading Study of Full-Scale Sequencing
Batch Reactors. Journal article,
Notre Dame Univ., IN. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
R. L. Irvine, L. H. Ketchum, M. A. Arora, and E. F.
Barth. C1985,9p EPA/600/J-85/167
Contract EPA-68-03-1821
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati. OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation
57, n8 p847-853 Aug 85.
The sequencing batch reactor (SBR) at Culver, Indi-
ana. has two 440(sup 3) aeration basins that have re-
ceived primary effluent on an alternating, fill-and-draw
basis since May 1980. During normal SBR operation,
liquid level variation and mixed liquor suspended solids
(MLSS) concentrations are identical in both aeration
basins. In a special study conducted during June and
July 1984, both liquid and MLSS levels were changed
in each aeration basin. Both basins were operated with
control strategies that resulted in biological phospho-
rus removal. Sludge wasting and energy use was mon-
itored closely for both loading conditions. When
energy use was corrected to include only BODfsub 5)
that was fully oxidized and not removed with the waste
sludge, energy use in the two systems was essentially
the same.
Keywords: "Chemical reactors, "Aeration tanks,
"Water pollution control, "Phosphorus, "Load control,
Biochemical oxygen demand, Performance evaluation,
Reprints, "Water pollution sampling, "Biological proc-
esses, Cuiver(lndiana).
PB86-107547	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Technology Evaluation of Sequencing Batch Re-
actors. Journal article,
Montgomery (James M.), Inc., Pasadena, CA.
M. L. Arora, E. F. Barth, and M. B. Umphres. C1985,
12p EPA/600/J-85/166
Contract EPA-68-03-1821
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation
57, n8 p867-875 Aug 85.
The sequencing batch reactor technology used at sev-
eral wastewater treatment plants within the United
States in the last few years is evaluated in this paper.
These plants received additional funding as 'Innova-
tive and Alternative' projects under the Clean Water
Act of 1977 (PL 95-217) and the Wastewater Treat-
ment Construction Grant Amendment of 1981 (PL 97-
117). Visits were made to several plants as a part of
this study: four plants in the United States, two in
Canada, and two in Australia. This paper contains ob-
servations made at all of these plants and summarizes
the experiences of the owners, operating personnel,
and consulting engineers associated with these facili-
ties.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, Cost effectiveness,
Design, Standards. Construction, Evaluation, Reprints,
"Sequencing batch reactors, Clean Water Act Amend-
ments of 1977, Wastewater Treatment Construction
Grant Amendments of 1981.
PB86-107554	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Inactivation of Norwalk Virus In Drinking Water By
Chlorine. Journal article,
Texas Univ. Medical School at Houston.
B. H. Keswick, T. K. Satterwhite, P. C. Johnson, H. L.
DuPont, and G. W. Gary. C1985,5p EPA/600/J-85/
165
Prepared in cooperation with Centers for Disease Con-
trol, Atlanta, GA. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v50
n2 p261-264 Aug 85.
Norwalk virus in water was found to be more resistant
to chlorine inactivation than poliovirus-1 (LSc2Ab),
human rotavirus (Wa), simian rotavirus (SA-11) or f2
bacteriophage. A 3.75 mg/l dose of chlorine was
found to be effective against other viruses, but failed to
inactivate Norwalk virus. The Norwalk virus inoculum
remained infectious for 5 of 8 volunteers despite the
initial presence of free residual chlorine. Infectivity in
volunteers was demonstrated by seroconversion to
Norwalk virus. Fourteen of 16 subjects receiving un-
treated inoculum seroconverted to Norwalk virus. Ill-
ness was produced in 4 of the 8 volunteers and in 11 of
16 control subjects.
Keywords: "Viruses, "Chlorination, Reprints, "Drinking
water, "Norwalk virus.
PB86-107596/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Regulatory Impact Analysis of the National Ambi-
ent Air Quality Standards for Carbon Monoxide.
Final Report,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Strategies and Air Standards Div.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
T. McCurdy, H. Richmond, and D. McLamb. Jul 85,87p
EPA/450/5-85/007
See also PB82-227356.
The report examines the cost, changes in exposures
seen by the public, and economic impacts associated
with setting alternative carbon monoxide NAAQS. Four
alternative 8-hour NAAQS were analyzed: 9 ppm, one
observed exceedance, and 9,12, and 15 ppm one ex-
pected exceedance of daily maxima. Three time peri-
ods of analyses are used: 1987, 1990, and 1995. Also
discussed is the health evidence supporting the
carbon monoxide (CO) standard and the reduction in
exposures associated with different CO standards.
The report is intended to fulfill the requirements of E.O.
12291, which requires that a regulatory analysis be un-
dertaken for every rule resulting in an annual impact of
$100 million or more.
Keywords: * Air pollution, 'Standards, "Economic im-
pacts, 'Carbon monoxide, Exposure, Substitutes, Reg-
ulations, Cost analysis, Industrial wastes, Motor vehi-
cles, Exhaust emissions. Combustion products, Expo-
sure, 'National ambient air quality standards, "Air
quality, 'Air pollution abatement.
PB86-107604/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Survey of Methylene Chloride Emission Sources.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jun 85,176p EPA/450/3-85/015
The potential health impact of methylene chloride
emissions is being investigated. The document con-
tains information on the sources of methylene chloride
emissions, current emission levels, control methods
that could be used to reduce methylene chloride emis-
sions, and cost estimates for employing controls.
Keywords: 'Chloromethanes, 'Chemical industry,
'Environmental surveys, 'Air pollution control, "Public
health, Exposure, Sources, Industrial wastes, Cost
analysis, Concentration(Composition), Design criteria,
Solvents, Photographic films, Food industry, Plastics
industry, Rubber industry, Performance evaluation,
Leakage, State government, Regulations, National
government, "Methane/dichloro, "Environmental
health, 'Air pollution effects(Humans), Emission fac-
tors.
PB86-107612/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Regulatory Impact Analysis of the National Ambi-
ent Air Quality Standards for Nitrogen Dioxide.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jun 85, 175p EPA/450/5-85/003
The report examines the costs, benefits, and other
economic impacts of implementing alternative primary
annual nitrogen dioxide (N02) ambient air quality
standards (NAAQSs). Three alternative NAAQSs are
investigated: 0.053 ppm, the current air standard,
0.060 ppm, and 0.070 ppm. Results are provided for
two mobile source inspection and maintenance sce-
narios and for three automotive air pollution control
standards. Also discussed is the health evidence and
other environmental effects evidence that support
both a primary and secondary (welfare) NAAQS being
established at the same level.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen dioxide, 'Air pollution, 'Regula-
tions, 'Economic impact, "Exhaust emissions, Stand-
ards, Concentration(Composition), Benefit cost analy-
sis, Substitutes, Assessments, Toxicity, Public health,
National government, 'National ambient air quality
standards, "Air pollution abatement.
PB86-107620/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
PM(sub 10) and Fugitive Dust in the Southwest -
Ambient Impact, Sources and Remedies.
PEI Associates, Inc., Golden, CO.
Jul 85,194p EPA/450/4-85/008
Contract EPA-68-02-3512
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
A study of possible PM10 non-attainment sites was
conducted by Pace and Hanks of the U.S. EPA in
1984. This investigation showed that about half of
450 Vol. 90, No. 24
these sites are in areas having less than 20 inches of
precipitation per year. Also, 10 percent of the sites
were in dry rural areas with no apparent traditional
sources nearby. The purpose of this project is (1) de-
termine the nature of the sources having an impact on
these sites, (2) determine to what extent meteorology
plays a role in high measured particulate matter con-
centrations, and (3) develop possible remedies to a
potential non-attainment situation in areas with little
rainfall. This report presents the results of three analy-
ses that were designed to answer these questions. A
microinventory was performed on 20 sites. These sites
were then compared to sites in the US EPA's IP Net-
work and similarities and differences were analyzed.
An evaluation of the relationship between meteorologi-
cal variables and measured concentrations was made.
The report discusses the results of these analyses and
alternate control remedies to high concentrations in fu-
gitive dust areas.
Keywords: "Particles, "Air pollution, "Dust, Meteorol-
ogy, Concentration(Composition), Sites, Rural regions,
Combustion products, Environmental impacts, Rain-
fall,	Performance	evaluation,
Precipitation(Meteorology), "Fugitive emissions, "Air
pollution detection, Southwest region(United States).
PB86-107638/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Receptor Model Technical Series. Volume 6. A
Guide to the Use of Factor Analysis and Multiple
Regression (FA/MR) Techniques In Source Appor-
tionment,
New York Univ. Medical Center, NY. Inst, of Environ-
mental Medicine.
P. J. Lioy, T. J. Kneip, and J. M. Daisey. Jul 85,113p
EPA/450/4-85/007
See also PB85-111524. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The anticipated change in the form of the particulate
matter standard from total suspended particulate to
matter with aerodynamic diameter equal to or less
than 10 micrometers PM(sub 10) will require, in some
instances, more sophisticated approaches to identify-
ing primary sources of PM(sub 10). This is the sixth
document in a series of user oriented receptor model-
ing guidance. Over the past twelve years, a number of
multivariate methods have been used to determine the
sources of mass emitted in a number of cities. This
document focuses primarily on the FA/MR technique.
However, the procedures required to identify potential
tracers or source profiles and to validate the results
are applicable to all.
Keywords: "Particles, 'Factor analysis, 'Mathematical
models, 'Air pollution, 'Multiple regression, Sources,
Aerosols, Sites, Concentration(Composition), Urban
areas, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis, Meteorology,
'Receptor models, 'Air quality, "Air pollution sam-
pling, 'National ambient air quality standards, Comput-
er applications, Air pollution detection.
PB86-107711/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Point-of-Use Reduction of Volatile Halogenated
Organlcs in Drinking Water. Final rept. Sep 82-Mar
85,
National Sanitation Foundation, Ann Arbor, Ml.
G. Bellen, R. Gottler, and M. Anderson. Sep 85,87p
EPA/600/2-85/109
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Contamination of drinking water by organic chemicals
has become a national problem of increasing concern.
Small communities faced with the problem of removing
these contaminants have limited resources and often
cannot afford traditional treatment approaches. One
approach which has the potential to be cost effective
is treatment at the home, or point-of-use treatment.
This report discusses the results of a study of point-of-
use treatment of contaminated ground water in two
small communities. Costs for purchase, installation,
monitoring, and maintenance are documented and dis-
cussed. The effect of the point-of-use treatment on the
drinking water quality is presented.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, Halohydrocarbons, Or-
ganic compounds, Cost effectiveness, Ground water,
Installing, Microorganisms, Water wells, Drinking
water, Small communities, Point of use treatment.
PB86-107943/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Survey of Trichloroethylene Emission Sources.
Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. F. Pandullo, S. A. Shareef, L. E. Kincaid, and P. V.
Murphy. Jul 85,133p EPA/450/3-85/021
Contract EPA-68-02-3816
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The potential health impact of trichloroethylene emis-
sions is being investigated. This document contains in-
formation on the sources of trichloroethylene emis-
sions, current emission levels, control methods that
could be used to reduce trichloroethylene emissions,
and cost estimates for employing controls.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, "Chemical indus-
try, "Air pollution control, Sources, Cost analysis, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products,
Concentration(Composition), National government,
State government, Leakage, Process charting, Design
criteria, Performance evaluation, Solvent degreasing,
Regulations, 'Ethylene/trichloro Environmental
health, Air pollution abatement.
PB86-107984/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Five Year Program Strategy for Great Lakes Na-
tional Program Office, 1986-1990,
Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL. Center for Urban Af-
fairs and Policy Research.
P. L. Wise, K. Fuller, and L. Botts. Aug 85, 54p EPA/
905/9-85/002
Grant EPA-R-005804
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Chi-
cago, IL. Great Lakes National Program Office.
This document lays out a five year program strategy for
the Great Lakes National Program Office of the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency (EPA). This office coordi-
nates with other EPA programs and with other agen-
cies to support activities that benefit the Great Lakes
and assist implementation of the Great Lakes Water
Quality Agreement with Canada. The program strategy
has two purposes. One is to inform other EPA pro-
grams, federal agencies and the states how the Great
Lakes Office will address its longterm goals from 1986
to 1990.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus, 'Water pollution, 'Great
Lakes, Toxicity, Vulnerability, Ecology, Canada, Re-
search projects, Budgeting, "Ecosystems, Nonpoint
sources.
PB86-108263/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Primary Sulfate Emission Factors for the NAPAP
(National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program)
Emissions Inventory. Final rept. Sep 83-Jul 85,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. B. Homolya. Sep 85, 55p EPA/600/7-85/037
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of an estimation of primary sul-
fate emission factors for use in the 1980 and 1985 Na-
tional Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
(NAPAP) emissions inventories. The estimates were
developed from an assessment of existing measure-
ments data for source categories including external
combustion, chemical manufacturing, primary metals,
wood products, mineral products, and petroleum refirv
ing. initial elements of the assessment summarized
primary sulfate formation mechanisms prevalent in
combustion processes and reviewed the state-of-the-
art methodology for primary sulfate sampling and anal-
ysis of source emissions. The Controlled Condensal
tion System (CCS) was evaluated as the best primarv
sulfate emission measurement approach. CCS-de
rived measurement data were abstracted from an inl
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
mental assessment studies, field measurement eval-
uation experiments, and the U.S./Canadian Work
Group 3B inventory. The measurement data were then
used to estimate primary sulfate emission factors for
the corresponding source categories. Uncertainty esti-
mates are given for each emission factor, and source
categories are identified where data are either lacking
or incomplete to permit the assignment of an emission
factor.
Keywords: "Sulfates, * Air pollution, Chemical reac-
tions, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Chemi-
cal industry, Wood products, Minerals, Information
systems, Acidity, Assessments, Petroleum industry,
Refinering, Reviews, Sources, Petroleum industry,
'Emission factors, "Emissions inventories, "National
acid precipitation assessment program, "Controlled
Condensation System, "Acid rain, State of the art,
Chemical reaction mechanisms. Atmospheric chemis-
try.
PB86-108271/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Transfer Efficiency of Improperly Maintained or
Operated Spray Painting Equipment Sensitivity
Studies,
Centec Corp., Reston, VA.
K. C. Kennedy. Sep 85,163p EPA/600/2-85/107
Contract EPA-68-03-1721
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of an investigation of the
impact of common industrial operating and mainte-
nance practices on the efficency of spray painting sys-
tems. The investigation included independent re-
search, as well as assistance from both representa-
tives of the spray painting equipment manufacturing in-
dustry and users of spray painting equipment. The re-
sults indicate strong directional response in painting
efficiency to certain common painting practices.
Keywords: "Sprayers, "Paint applicators, "Air pollu-
tion, Operating, Maintenance, Performance evalua-
tion, Design criteria, Materials tests, Assessments,
Standards, Manufacturing, Quality assurance, Quality
control.
PB86-108297/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Microbial Resistance to Disinfectants: Mecha-
nisms and Significance,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
J. C. Hoff, and E. W. Akin. Sep 85,33p EPA/600/D-
85/215
Drinking water disinfection provides the final barrier to
waterborne transmission of a wide variety of potential-
ly waterborne infectious agents including pathogenic
bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. These agents differ
greatly in their innate resistance to inactivation by dis-
infectants, ranging from extremely sensitive bacterial
agents to highly resistant protozoan cysts. The close
similarity between microorganism inactivation rates
and the kinetics of chemical reactions has long been
recognized. Ideally, under carefully controlled condi-
tions, microorganism inactivation rates simulate first
order chemicaf reaction rates making it possible to pre-
dict the effectiveness of disinfection under specific
conditions. In practice, changes in relative resistance
and deviations from first order kinetics are caused by a
number of factors including microbial growth condi-
tions, aggregation, and association with particulate
materials. The net effect of all of these factors is re-
duction in the effectiveness and predictability of disin-
fection processes.
Keywords: "Disinfectants, "Potable water, "Microorga-
nisms, Bacteria, Viruses, Protozoa, Resistance, Effec-
tiveness, "Drinking water, Pathogens.
PB86-108404/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Single-Laboratory Validation of EPA Method 8150
for the Analysis of Chlorinated Herbicides in Haz-
ardous Waste,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
F. L. Shore, E. N. Amick, and S. T. Pan. Sep 85,136p
EPA/600/4-85/060
Contract EPA-68-03-3050
See also PB85-102970. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
A single laboratory validated analytical protocol is de-
scribed, which is applicable to the determination of the
herbicides Dicamba, Silvex, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, 2,4,5-T,
Dinoseb, MCPP, and MCPA, in hazardous waste ex-
tracts. The method consists of herbicide hydrolysis fol-
lowed by diazomethane esterification and subsequent
determination of the herbicide methyl esters by capil-
lary column gas chromatography with electron capture
detection (GC/ECD). An electron impact gas chroma-
tography/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) confirmation
of the GC/ECD results is included. The protocol vali-
dation procedure consisted of ruggedness testing,
simplex optimization of key experimental variables,
and the determination of extraction recoveries, detec-
tion limits, and the GC/ECD linear dynamic range for
each herbicide methyl ester. This protocol, which em-
ploys a single fused silica capillary column separation
for all the target methyl esters, is a significant improve-
ment over earlier gas chromatographic (GC) proce-
dures which utilize three different packed GC columns.
The method, however, was inapplicable to Dalapon
which eliminates hydrogen chloride during the sample
workup.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "Hazardous materials,
"Herbicides, "Chlorinated organic compounds, Labo-
ratory equipment, Gas chromatography, Mass spec-
troscopy, Sampling, "EPA method 8150, "Solid
wastes, "Electron capture detectors, Banvel, Silvex, D
2-4 herbicide, DB 2-4 herbicide, T 2-4-5 herbicide, Din-
oseb, MCPA herbicide, MCPP herbicides.
PB86-106636/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Wastewater Treatment Plant Instrumentation
Handbook. Final rept.,
EMA, Inc., St. Paul, MN.
R. C. Manross. Sep 85,310p EPA/600/8-85/026
Contract EPA-68-03-3130
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Instruments are required for proper operation of
wastewater plants. To be of use the instruments must
be operable and maintainable. This requires care in
the selection, application and installation of instru-
ments and control equipment. Contents of the hand-
book address the 'how-to' of designing and applying
instrumentation and controls for waste treatment oper-
ations. Special focus is given to problems, causes and
solutions. The handbook covers instruments, valves
and pumps commonly used in wastewater plants.
Keywords: "Instruments, "Sewage treatment, Pumps,
Handbooks, Operations, Installing, Calibrating, Mainte-
nance, Selection, Valves.
PB86-108826/HSU	PC A23/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC. Tech-
nology Assessment Div.
Estimate of the Potential Costs of Guidelines Lim-
iting Public Exposure to Radlofrequency Radi-
ation from Broadcast Sources. Volume 1: Report.
Volume 2: Appendix, Parts 1 and 2. Final rept.,
Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA.
C. H. Hall. Jul 85, 543p UCRL-53562, EPA/520/1-85/
025
Sponsored by Office of Radiation Programs, Washing-
ton, DC. Technology Assessment Div.
The purpose of this study is to estimate the cost of a
federal guidance proposed by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) limiting public exposure to ra-
diofrequency (RF) radiation from the broadcast indus-
try-the 9000 AM and FM radio stations and 1000 VHF-
TV and UHF-TV broadcast stations in the U.S. The
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory developed
models that estimate a variety of cost at 18 alternative
guidance levels for three kinds of economic analysis:
the cost to society-at-large, the cost to the broadcast
industry and the cost to and effect on net profit of the
average broadcast station.
Keywords: "Electromagnetic radiation, Radio frequen-
cies, Radiation hazards. Cost estimates. Public health,
Mathematical models, "Radiation doses, "Broadcast
industry, "Environmental protection, Biological radi-
ation effects, Health hazards.
PB86-108958/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision F,
Hazard Evaluation: Human and Domestic Animals
(Revised),
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
R. B. Jaeger. Nov 84,170p EPA/540/9-84/014
See also PB83-153916.
Revision of acute oral, dermal and inhalation toxicity
guidelines of the original guidelines publication (Octo-
ber 1982). These revisions to the acute toxicity guide-
lines emphasize EPA's philosophy and effort to mini-
mize use of test animals in determining human safety,
while similarly supporting research in test methods
which hopefully will lead to further reduction or elimina-
tion of animal sacrifice or suffering.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Standards, "Toxicology,
"Guidelines, Assessments, Reviews, Regulations, Ex-
posure, Risk, Humans, Environmental impacts, Fungi-
cides, Laboratory animals, Mutagens, Safety, "Federal
Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, Health
risks, Teratogenesis, Benefits.
PB86-109089/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Analytical Method: The Analysis of By-Product
Chlorinated Biphenyls In Commercial Products
and Product Wastes. Revision 2. Special rept. Sep
84-May 85,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
M. D. Erickson. 20 May 85,61 p SR-1, EPA/560/5-85/
010
Contract EPA-68-02-3938
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Toxic Substances.
This is a gas chromatographic/electron impact mass
spectrometric (GC/EIMS) method applicable to the
determination of chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in com-
mercial products and product wastes. The PCBs
present may originate either as synthetic by-products
or as contaminants derived from commercial PCB
products (e.g., Aroclors). The PCBs may be present as
single isomers or complex mixtures and may include
all 209 congeners from monochlorobiphenyl through
decachloro biphenyl. A variety of general and specific
sample preparation options are presented in this
method. This method takes a different approach from
those which re ly on Aroclor mixtures for calibration
and quantitation. In this method PCBs are detected
and quantitated by homolog group. The results can be
summed to give a total PCB value comparable to re-
sults generated by other methods or they may be pre-
sented as 10 individual homolog values. This homolog
distribution can provide additional quantitative informa-
tion on the composition and source of the PCBs. The
method performance is assessed for each sample. A
set of four (sup 13)C labeled PCBs is employed as re-
covery surrogates. If the surrogates are recovered and
other QC parameters are within acceptable limits, then
the data may be considered valid.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, 'Byproducts, "Industri-
al wastes, "Environmental surveys, Chlorine organic
compounds, Performance evaluation, Gas chromatog-
raphy, Mass spectroscopy, Isotopic labeling, Sources,
Design criteria, Concentration(Composition), Chemical
industry, Quality control, Quality assurance, Reagents,
Sampling, Safety, Calibration, Laboratory equipment,
"Polychlorinated biphenyls, "Consumer products,
Chlorinated biphenyls, "Solid wastes, "Liquid wastes,
Electron impact spectra, Arocols.
PB86-109097/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Analytical Method: The Analysis of By-Product
Chlorinated Biphenyls In Air. Revision 2. Special
rept. Sep 84-May 85,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO
M. D. Erickson. 20 May 85,66p SR-2, EPA/560/5-85/
Contract EPA-68-02-3938
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Toxic Substances.
This is a gas chromatographic/electron impact mass
spectrometric (GC/EIMS) method applicable to the
determination of chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in air
emitted from commercial production through stacks,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
as fugitive emissions, or static (room, other containers,
or outside) air. The PCBs present may originate either
as synthetic by-products or as contaminants derived
from commercial PCB products (e.g., Aroclors). The
PCBs may be present as single isomers or complex
mixtures and may include all 209 congeners from mon-
ochlorobiphenyl through decachlorobiphenyl. A variety
of general and specific sample preparation options are
presented in this method. This method takes a differ-
ent approach from those which rely on Aroclor mix-
tures for calibration and quantitation. In this method
PCBs are detected and quantitated by homolog group.
The results can be summed to give a total PCB value
comparable to results generated by other methods or
they may be presented as 10 individual homolog
values. This homolog distribution can provide addition-
al quantitative information on the composition and
source of the PCBs. The method performance is as-
sessed for each sample. A set of four (sup 13)C-la-
beled PCBs is employed as recovery surrogates. If the
surrogates are recovered and other OC parameters
are within acceptable limits, then the data may be con-
sidered valid.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, "Byproducts, 'Industri-
al wastes, *Gas analysis, Chimneys, Chlorine organic
compounds. Performance evaluation, Gas chromatog-
raphy, Mass spectroscopy, Isotopic labeling, Sources,
Design criteria, Concentration(Composition), Chemical
industry, Quality control, Quality assurance, Reagents,
Sampling, Safety, Calibration, Laboratory equipment,
'Polychlorinated biphenyls, 'Air pollution detection,
'Consumer products, Electron impact spectra, Aro-
cols, Fugitive emissions.
PB86-1091 OS/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Analytical Method: The Analysis of By-Product
Chlorinated Biphenyls In Water. Revision 2. Spe-
cial rept. Sep 84-May 85,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
M. D. Erickson. 10 May 85, 58p SR-3, EPA/560/5-85/
012
Contract EPA-68-02-3938
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Toxic Substances.
This is a gas chromatographic/electron impact mass
spectrometric (GC/EiMS) method applicable to the
determination of chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in in-
dustrial wastewater. The PCBs present may originate
either as synthetic by-products or as contaminants de-
rived from commercial PCB products (e.g., Aroclors).
The PCBs may be present as single isomers or com-
plex mixtures and may include all 209 congeners from
monochlorobiphenyl through decachlorobiphenyl. A
variety of general and specific sample preparation op-
tions are presented in this method. This method takes
a different approach from those which relyo n Aroclor
mixtures for calibration and quantitation. In this
method PCBs are detected and quantitated by homo-
log group. The results can be summed to give a total
PCB value comparable to results generated by other
methods or they may be presented as 10 individual
homolog values. This homolog distribution can provide
additional quantitative information on the composition
and source of the PCBs. The method performance is
assessed for each sample. A set of four (sup 13)C-la-
beled PCBs is employed as recovery surrogates. If the
surrogates are recovered and other QC parameters
are within acceptable limits, then the data may be con-
sidered valid.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Byproducts, 'Industri-
al wastes, 'Water analysis, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Performance evaluation, Gas chromatogra-
phy, Mass spectroscopy, Isotopic labeling, Sources,
Design criteria, Concentration(Composition), Chemical
industry, Quality control, Quality assurance, Reagents,
Sampling, Safety, Calibration, Laboratory equipment,
'Polychlorinated biphenyls, 'Consumer products,
'Water pollution detection, 'Chlorinated biphenyls,
Electron impact spectra, Arocols.
PB66-109188	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Concept of Prognostic Model Assessment of
Toxic Chemical Fate,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, Dept. of Statistics.
W. S. Overton, and R. R. Lassiter. c1985,15p EPA/
600/D-85/181
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Athens,
GA.
Pub. in Validation and Predictability of Laboratory
Methods for Assessing the Fate and Effects of Con-
taminants in Aquatic Ecosystems, ASTM STP 865,
p191-203 1985.
Prognostic assessment provides information on envi-
ronmental behavior of chemicals when no direct infor-
mation exists. The utility of this method of analysis de-
pends on the way in which the prognostic modeling
tools are used. When the environment and the proper-
ties of the chemical are both well known, specific re-
sults of a valid exposure analysis model can be ac-
cepted with reasonable confidence. Generally, howev-
er, adequate information is not available on the chemi-
cal properties. Thus, it is more reasonable to seek
bounds on the expected behavior of the chemical
based on uncertainties in these properties than to
place credibility on any specific result. These kinds of
results of prognostic assessment provide an efficient
means to direct further efforts to obtain specific infor-
mation of direct benefit for regulatory decisions. The
utility of the prognostic assessment concept lies,
therefore, in its use in a hierarchial evaluation scheme
in which available information is used to move effi-
ciently to subsequent tiers.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Chemical com-
pounds, 'Environmental surveys, Assessments, Expo-
sure, Ecology, Aquatic animals, 'Toxic substances,
'Path of pollutants, 'Ecosystems.
PB86-109337/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Defluoridation of Drinking Water In Small Commu-
nities. Final rept. Sep 81 -Mar 85,
National Sanitation Foundation, Ann Arbor, Ml.
G. Bellen, and M. Anderson. Sep 85,175p EPA/600/
2-85/110
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The report discusses the results of a study of defluori-
dation of drinking water in small communities using
either central or point-of-use treatment. The ten sites
used for project data collection had natural fluoride in
their groundwater supplies in excess of the Maximum
Contaminant Levels established in the National Interim
Primary Drinking Water Regulations. Treatment meth-
ods used were exchange/adsorption with activated
alumina, or reverse osmosis. Treatment efficacy sum-
maries are presented for each site. Summaries of bac-
teriological sampling from point-of-use devices are
presented. Capital and operating or maintenance
costs are documented and discussed.
Keywords: 'Fluorides, 'Potable water, 'Water treat-
ment, Adsorption, Reduction, Sites, Ground water, Re-
moval, Water supply, Osmosis, Aluminum oxide, Main-
tenance, 'Small communities, Drinking water, 'De-
fluoridation, Reverse osmosis.
PB86-109485/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Isotopic Study of the Inhalation Toxicology of Ox-
idants,
Indiana Univ. at Bloomington. Dept. of Chemistry.
J. M. Hayes, and J. Santrock. Jun 85, 200p EPA/600/
1-85/013
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The purpose of these studies was to develop novel
methods to investigate the biological fate of inhaled
ozone and other oxygen-containing pollutants in
animal and human tissues using the heavy isotope of
oxygen, oxygen-18 (180). Methods were developed
which facilitated the conversion of tissue oxygen to
C02 and the subsequent trapping of the C02 so that it
could be subjected to isotope-ratio mass spectrome-
try. The ratios of the various masses of evolved COS
were used to calculate the 180 content of the original
tissues, thus enabling the detection of isotopic enrich-
ments as small as 0.4%. The above procedures were
performed by modification of a commercially available
elemental analyzer to include effluent columns and
trapping devices, development of oxygen isotopic
standards, and by derivation of mathematical models
for correction of blank and memory effects originating
during sample pyrolysis. These techniques were ap-
plied with success to the determination of the biologi-
cal fate of inhaled ozone, and to the measurement of
tissue oxidation induced by a model peroxidation initia-
tor, carbon tetrachloride.
Keywords: 'Lungs, 'Oxidants, 'Toxicology,
Tissues(Biology), Detection, Carbon monoxide, Mass
spectroscopy, Oxygen isotopes, Isotopes.
PB86-109493/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Application of Chemical Frationatlon/Aquatic Bio-
assay Procedure to Hazardous Waste Site Moni-
toring,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
V. Lopez-Avila, W. D. McKenzie, R. Kaminsky, U.
Spanagel, and T. A. Olsson. Sep 85,120p EPA/600/4-
85/059
Contract EPA-68-03-3100
Prepared in cooperation with Bioassay Systems Corp.,
Woburn, MA., Lockheed Engineering and Manage-
ment Services Co., Inc., Las Vegas, NV., and PEDCo-
Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH. Sponsored by En-
vironmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The chemical fractionation/aquatic bioassay test basi-
cally involves biological testing, first using a given col-
lection of leachate, surface water, or liquid waste, and
then using fractions and subtractions of the original
sample material. The final test result, derived from a
compilation of these different bioassay responses, is
used to identify bioactive fractions of the original
sample material, to assess some of the additive, syner-
gistic and/or antagonistic effects caused by the com-
ponent waste chemicals, and to provide a preliminary
(or screening) hazard evaluation for the aquatic eco-
system. While the procedure has been successfully
used for monitoring industrial pollutants, the overall
technique was not considered to be ready for use at
hazardous waste sites. Results from an initial evalua-
tion indicated that procedural revisions were neces-
sary to improve the chemical fractionation phase.
When these procedural revisions had been made, an-
other evaluation was conducted using samples taken
from actual hazardous waste sites.
Keywords: 'Bioassay, 'Hazard wastes, Distillation,
Responses, Waste water, Procedures, "Pollution de-
tection, Monitoring, "Water pollution detection.
PB86-109501/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
National Dioxln Study Tier 4 - Combustion
Sources: Quality Assurance Project Plan,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. A. Palazzolo, R. F. Jongleux, L. E. Keller, and J. T.
Bursey. Jun 85,182p EPA/450/4-84/014E
Contracts EPA/68-02-3513, EPA-68-03-3148
See also PB85-216497. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The objective of Tier 4 of the National Dioxin Study is
to determine if combustion devices are significant
sources of dioxin emissions. This project plan de-
scribes the quality assurance and quality control activi-
ties associated with emission tests to be conducted at
twelve (12) sites. The tests will involve determination
of dioxin concentrations and mass flow rates at the
outlet of the combustion device and/or any air pollu-
tion control equipment. Flue gas combustion param-
eters (CO, C02, 02, S02, NOx, and total Hydrocar-
bons) will be monitored and samples for dioxin precur-
sor analysis will be collected. Equipment calibration,
sample custody, data reduction, and reporting require^
ments are discussed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Quality assurance
'Chemical analysis, Combustion products, Sources'
Sampling, Sites, Laboratory equipment'
'Dioxin(Herbicides), 'Air pollution detection, 'Diberv^
zodioxin/tetrachloro, 'Air pollution sampling, CAS
51207-31-9, Procedures.
PB86-109642/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Economic Analysis Div.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
AERE (Association of Environmental and Re-
source Economists) Workshop on Recreation
Demand Modeling. Final rept.,
Association of Environmental and Resource Econo-
mists, Washington, DC.
V. K. Smith, E. R. Morey, and R. D. Rowe. 20 Jun 85,
392p EPA/230/11-85/018
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Economic Analysis Div.
Proceedings from May 1985 workshop on valuing
recreation resources. Includes 9 papers on 3 themes:
(1) The Treatment of Site Attributes in the Modeling of
Recreational Behavior. Attributes for other types of
recreation include density and type of wildlife re-
sources, congestion and physical site features. Three
competing models are discussed: varying parameter,
hedonic travel cost, and generalized indirect utility
function. (2) Modeling Recreational Behavior in a Re-
gional System of Sites. This set of papers explores
how to account for the fact that an individual may visit
only a subset of sites, and changes in characteristics
at one site may lead to a change in sites visited. (3)
The Definition and Estimation of Intrinsic Values Asso-
ciated with Recreational Resources. These papers ap-
praise our current understanding of how to model non-
use values such as existence and option value.
Keywords: 'Recreation, Natural resources, Travel,
Mathematical models.
PB86-109790/HSU	PC E04
Illinois Water Quality Report, 1982-1983. Final rept.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
Aug 84, 379p IEPA/WPC/84-024
Includes eight sheets of 48X reduction microfiche.
The report addresses the quality of the waters of the
State of Illinois for the period of 1982 and 1983 in fulfill-
ment of Section 305(b) of the Clean Water Act. Ambi-
ent stream data were analyzed for percent violations
of State water quality standards by river basin. Also
summarized were organic pesticide, bottom sediment,
aquatic macroinvertebrate, fish contaminant, intensive
basin and facility-related survey data. Ambient and vol-
unteer lake and Lake Michigan water quality data were
analyzed, and intensive lake/watershed surveys were
summarized.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Illinois, Pesticides, Peri-
odic variations, Streams, Water quality management,
Standards, Lakes, Ground water, Monitoring, Clean
Water Act and Amendments of 1981.
PB86-109964/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Fungi and Hydrocarbons In the Marine Environ-
ment,
Georgia State Univ., Atlanta.
D. G. Ahearn, and S. A. Crow. Sep 85,12p EPA/600/
D-85/222
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Gulf
Breeze, FL.
Hydrocarbons from various sources-anthropogenic
pollution, marine seeps, marine algae, atmospheric
fallout and terrestrial runoff-enter the ocean daily.
These complex hydrocarbon mixtures are dispersed
and degraded by abiotic and biogenic processes. Most
commonly, bacteria are considered the primary de-
graders, with algae and fungi having minor roles. Al-
though implied in a number of cases, the degradation
of complex hydrocarbon mixtures by a successional
microflora containing temporally isolated populations
of bacteria and fungi, has been inadequately studied.
Keywords: 'Fungi, 'Hydrocarbons, 'Runoff, 'Oceans,
Dispensing, Deterioration, Marine microorganisms,
Bacteria.
PB88-110046/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Management Report Update
Region 10,198S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Sep 85.66p EPA/910/9-85/130
See also PB85-132710.
The 1985 update to the Region 10 Environmental
Management Report of 1983 describes work planned
during Fiscal 86 in high priority efforts by the States of
the Pacific Northwest and Region 10 to address cur-
rent and emerging environmental problems. Because
those problems the authors now feel merit priority
status are not the same problems the authors dis-
cussed in 1983 and 1984, the organization of this 1985
update differs. Where possible, environmental prob-
lems were discussed collectively by media. For exam-
ple, the general topic of Pesticides and Toxic Sub-
stances, identified as a separate priority problem in
1983, is addressed this year in media-related sections
on Groundwater and Air Contamination. Similarly,
Fishery Damage is discussed this year as part of the
placer mining and nonpoint source problem discus-
sions. The authors also took a different approach to
ranking the significance of each problem this year. The
Management Team assessed each environmental
problem independently according to four criteria: (1)
number of persons exposed, (2) human health risk, (3)
ecological risk, and (4) the level of public concern.
They were also asked to weigh each of the four crite-
ria. The attached environmental priority list presents
the results of this exercise. The top priority - hazardous
waste contamination of groundwater.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Air pollution,
Risk, Ecology, Public health, Water pollution, Ground
water, Hazardous materials, Polychlorinated biphen-
yls, "EPA region 10, 'Environment management,
'Toxic substances, Listings, Health risk, Pacific North-
west Region(United States).
PB86-110186/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Recent Developments in S02 and NOx Abatement
Technology for Stationary Sources in Japan. Final
rept. Jul 84-Jul 85,
Chuo Univ., Tokyo (Japan).
J. Ando. Sep 85,239p EPA/600/7-85/040
Contract EPA-68-02-3949
Also pub. as Radian Corp., Austin, TX. rept. no. RAD-
85-231-080-02. See also PB83-225938. Prepared in
cooperation with Radian Corp., Austin, TX. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research
Lab.
The report is a compilation of information on the cur-
rent status of abatement technology used to control
major air pollutants (including S02, NOx, and particu-
lates) in Japan. It focuses on flue jas desulfurization
(FGD), combustion modifications (CMs), and selective
catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx. Information in this
report was gathered from utility company representa-
tives and FGD, CM, and SCR process developers, as
well as from the author's research in this field. Current
air pollution regulations in Japan, related problems,
operational parameters of commercial FGD and SCR
plants, FGD and SCR economics, and the author's
evaluation of the processes also are described.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide, "Ni-
trogen oxide, 'Particles, Regulations, Economic analy-
sis, Catalysis, Flue gases, Performance evaluation,
Design criteria, Combustion products, Electric power
plants, Furnaces, Fluidized bed processors, Industrial
wastes, 'Foreign technology, 'Stationary sources,
'Japan, 'Air quality, Flue gas desulfurization, Combus-
tion modification, Selective catalytic reduction, Lime-
stone scrubbing, Coal fired power plants, Dry methods.
PB86-110269/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Guide tor
Minimizing the Adverse Environmental Effects of
Cleanup of Uncontrolled Hazardous-Waste Sites.
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
Jun 85,144p EPA/600/8-85/008
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
The guide supplies information and sources that an of-
ficial needs to evaluate how to proceed at a contami-
nated site. The document also can be used by man-
agement to assist in and overview staff cleanup activi-
ties. Additionally, it is a training tool for persons who
are ne w to the business of cleaning up hazardous-
waste sites. Finally, it is a resource for anyone who
wishes to know more about the cleanup of hazardous-
waste sites.
Keywords: 'Guidelines, 'Hazardous materials, 'Edu-
cation, 'Solid waste disposal, Sites, Ground water,
Waste treatment, Leakage, Gases, Air pollution, Water
pollution, Solidification, Encapsulation, Neutralization,
Sediments, Surface water, Sewers, "Waste manage-
ment, 'Environmental effects, "Liquid waste disposal,
Hazardous atmosphere detectors, Land disposal,
Chemical treatment, Physical treatment.
PB86-110293/HSU	PC A99/MF E06
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Supporting Documentation for the RCRA (Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act) Incinera-
tor Regulations 40 CFR 264 Support O - Inciner-
ators and Appendices. Final rept.
PEER Consultants, Inc., Rockville, MD.
Oct 84,1029p
Contract EPA-68-01-6901
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The report contains a summary of information on the
hazardous waste incineration industry, a discussion
and application of the risk analysis process for inciner-
ators, and an evaluation of alternatives for controlling
stack emissions from incinerators. It was prepared as
part of the regulatory impact analysis program in sup-
port of the incinerator regulations under the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Information
on the incineration industry includes: a profile of facili-
ties based on surveys of incinerator manufacturers
and owner/operators, procedures for estimating cap-
ital and operating costs, data on the composition of
hazardous waste streams currently incinerated, a tech-
nical and cost evaluation of 38 case study incinerators,
and eight full-scale performance evaluations. Risk
analysis is discussed as a tool that can be used in the
regulatory process to assist those responsible for de-
veloping standards and managing risk to human health
and the environment. The rationale for EPA's proposal
to allow variances to the incinerator standards based
on a case-by-case consideration of risk is discussed
and a structure for implementing the variance proce-
dure is presented.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Volatility, "Waste
treatment, "Incinerators, Risk analysis, Waste dispos-
al, Storage, Tables(Data), Regulations, Air pollution
control, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.
PB86-110434/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
innovative and Alternative Technology Projects:
1985 Progress Report.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Municipal Pollution Control.
Sep 85,43p
Supersedes PB85-108041.Color illustrations repro-
duced in black and white.
Annual summary with an overview of progress in the
implementation of Innovative and Alternative technol-
ogies under provisions of the Clean Water Act.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, 'Sewage treatment, Aer-
ation, Clarification, Heat pumps, Filtration,
Lagoons(Ponds), Sand filters, Chlorination, Listings,
'Land application.
PB86-110681/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Use of Bloassays In Determining the Toxicity of
Sediment to Benthlc Organisms,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., Newport, OR.
Marine Science Center.
J. O. Lamberson, and R. C. Swartz. Sep 85,34p EPA/
600/D-85/221, ERLN-N013
Sediment bioassay methods range in complexity from
short-term acute tests of the effects of individual con-
taminants on single species, to long-term tests of the
effects of chemical mixtures on the function of benthic
mesocosms. The phoxocephalid amphipod bioassay
developed in the laboratory, as well as other marine
and freshwater sediment bioassays, can be used to
determine the spatial distribution of sediment toxicity
along pollution gradients, to identify 'hot spots' in con-
taminated areas, or to determine the toxicity of materi-
als experimentally added to sediment Sediment bioas-
says are being used successfully in regulatory pro-
grams.
Keywords: 'Benthos, 'Toxicity, 'Sediments, 'Water
pollution, Crustacea, Bioassay, Regulations, Spatial
distribution, Fresh water, Sea water, Hot spots.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-110699/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling Based upon
Boundary Layer Parameterization,
Norsk Inst, for Luftforskning, Lillestroem.
B. Silvertsen, S. E. Gryning, A. A. M. Holtslag, and J. S.
Irwin. Oct 85, 21p EPA/600/D-85/224
Prepared in cooperation with Risoe National Lab.,
Roskilde (Denmark), and Royal Netherlands Meteoro-
logical Inst., De Bilt. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmos-
pheric Sciences Research Lab.
Characteristic scaling parameters in the planetary
boundary layer have been applied to estimate the dis-
persion of nonbuoyant gaseous pollutants. Vertical
and lateral spread are treated separately, and the
choice of parameters for the dispersion models de-
pends upon the actual state of the planetary boundary
layer. The lateral concentration distribution at the sur-
face was usually found to be a Gaussian distribution.
The vertical concentration distribution was more often
other than Gaussian. For the different scaling regions
of the atmosphere, methods are proposed for estimat-
ing the crosswind integrated concentrations, as func-
tions of distance from the source, and are compared
using results from tracer experiments. The proposed
methods estimate the transport and dispersion directly
from the turbulent state of the atmosphere. In all the
scaling regions, the various methods adequately esti-
mated the observed concentrations. The turbulence,
and thus the dispersion, is better explained and mod-
eled in the surface layer of the atmosphere (stable and
unstable), than within the layers above the surface
layer. Some success was demonstrated for releases in
the stable local scaling (z-less) layer, and in the mixed
layer and the near-neutral layer.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, "Boundary layers,
*Air pollution, 'Scale(Ratio), Parametric equations,
Concentration(Composition), T ransport properties,
Sources, "Atmospheric dispersion, "Gaussian plume
models, "Atmospheric chemistry, Tracer studies
PB86-110707/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hybrid Receptor Model for Secondary Sulfate
from an S02 Point Source. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
C. W. Lewis, and R. K. Stevens. 1985,10p EPA/600/
J-85/177
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v19 n6 p917-924
Jun85.
A formalism is presented for calculating the ambient
concentration of secondary sulfate at any downwind
distance from an S02-emitting point source. The S02
is assumed to be affected by dispersion, dry deposition
and homogeneous gas phase oxidation processes
having arbitrary time dependencies. A receptor model
estimate of the primary particle contribution at the
downwind site is used to account for all of the disper-
sion and part of the deposition. An important finding is
that the secondary sulfate is sensitive only to the aver-
age values of the deposition and oxidation rates, and
not to their detailed time dependences. Extensions of
the formalism to include wet deposition and nitrate for-
mation are also discussed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Sulfates, 'Sulfur dioxide,
Sources, Sites, Concentration(Composition), Chemical
reactions, Reaction kinetics, Particles, Oxidation, Re-
prints, "Receptor models, "Tracer studies, Acid rain,
Point sources, Wet deposition.
PB86-110715/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Div.
Direct Calibration of GC/MS Systems Using SRM
(Standard Reference Material) Gas Cylinders.
Project rept. Jan 84-Aug 85,
National Bureau of Standards (NML), Gaithersburg,
MD. Organic Analytical Research Div.
G D Byrd, K. L. Richie, L. T. Sniegoski, and E. White.
Oct 85,32p EPA/600/4-85/062
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC. Quality Assurance
Div.
A cryogenic trapping system has been developed for
use in calibrating GC/MS systems for the analysis of
volatile organic compounds. This system provides for
direct Standard Reference Material (SRM) traceability
454 Vol. 90, No. 24
on data generated on gaseous samples. The cryogen-
ic trap is a coil of stainless steel tubing immersed in a
cryogen to trap and preconcentrate organic species
present in a gaseous sample. The trap also contains a
heated injection port for the addition of isotopically la-
beled compounds for use in isotope dilution measure-
ments. The first part of this research is concerned with
the development of IDMS as an independent method
for the quantification of analytes in gaseous samples
to be used as standards. Results are presented for the
determination of bromobenzene in nitrogen at nominal
concentrations of 1 and 25 ppb. In the second part of
the research, a calibration curve method was devel-
oped for using these standards in auditing the perform-
ance of GC/MS systems.
Keywords: "Gas cylinders, "Organic compounds, Vol-
atility, Cryogenics, Calibration, Standard reference ma-
terials.
PB86-110723/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Life History and Productivity of the Phoxocepha-
lid Amphlpod 'Rhepoxynius abronius' (Barnard).
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
P. F. Kemp, F. A. Cole, and R. C. Swartz. 1985,18p
EPA/600/J-85/172, ERLN-N001
Pub. in Jnl. of Crustacean Biology 5, n3 p449-464
1985.
Rhepoxynius abronius (Amphipoda; Phoxocephalidae)
is a predominantly subtidal species of the North Ameri-
can Pacific coast. It is also found sub- and intertidally
within the polyhaline region of estuaries of Oregon and
Washington. Within the Yaquina Bay estuary, Oregon,
R. Abronius is an annual species producing one or two
broods per year. Recruitment occurs over an extended
period from mid to late winter through summer. Mortali-
ty was 20-25 percent per month. The annual range in
biomass was 40-180 mg ash-free dry weight (AFDW)/
0.5 sq. m.
Keywords: "Crustacea, "life cycles, "North Pacific
Ocean, Coasts, Mortality, Abundance, Biological pro-
ductivity, Oregon, Washington(State), Reprints, "Rhe-
poxynius abronius.
PB86-110731/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Disinfection, 1985. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
A. D. Venosa, and R. Isaac. 1985,10p EPA/600/J-85/
171
See also PB84-245554.
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
v57 n6 p548-555 Jun 85.
The article is a summary of the literature published in
the year 1984 on the topic of wastewater and water
disinfection. It consists of a section on the microbiolo-
gy and kinetics of disinfection and several sections re-
lated to the chemistry of disinfection, including analyti-
cal methods, reactions, and products.
Keywords: "Disinfection, "Water pollution control,
"Waste water, "Water treatment, "Water chemistry,
Microbiology, Reaction kinetics, Water analysis,
Chemical reactions, By products, Potable water.
PB86-110749	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Teratogen Metabolism: Spontaneous Decay Prod-
ucts of Thalidomide and Thalidomide Analogues
Are Not Bloactlvated by Liver Microsomes. Jour-
nal article,
Massachusetts Inst, of Tech., Cambridge.
A. G. Braun, and S. L. Weinreb. C1985,11 p EPA/600/
J-85/174
See also DE84-006117. Sponsored by Health Effects
Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagen-
esis 5, pi 49-158 1985.
Thalidomide and two analogues, EM87 and EM12, in-
hibited the attachment of tumor cells to concanavalin
A coated surfaces only if the drugs were first incubated
with hepatic microsomes and cofactors. Most agents
which inhibit attachment are demonstrated teratogens.
Thalidomide undergoes spontaneous hydrolysis to at
least 12 products in saline buffered to a pH of greater
than 7. These hydrolysis products did not inhibit at-
tachment nor could they be activated to inhibitory
products with hepatic microsomes. Similarly EM12 and
EM87 hydrolysis products were neither inhibitory nor
substrates for activation. If the three drugs were incu-
bated in buffered saline there was a progressive de-
cline in their ability to act as substrates for activation to
an inhibitory product. It was possible to remove micro-
somes from the incubation mixture following drug acti-
vated by centrifugation. This microsome free mixture
inhibited cell attachment. When MOT cells were added
to the microsome free mixture attachment was inhibit-
ed.
Keywords: "Ribosomes, "Drugs, Metabolism, Inhibi-
tors, Liver, Reprints, "Thalidomide, 'Teratogenesis,
EM87, EM12.
PB86-110756	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Structure of Soft-Bottom Benthic Communities in
the Vicinity of the Texas Flower Garden Banks,
Gulf of Mexico. Journal article,
Wayne State Univ., Detroit, Ml.
J. Y. Yingst, and D. C. Rhoads. c1985,26p EPA/600/
J-85/176
Prepared in cooperation with Yale Univ., New Haven,
CT. Dept. of Geology. Sponsored by Environmental
Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Pub. in Estuarine Coastal Shelf Science 20, p569-592
1985.
Biological and sedimentological samples were ob-
tained in June 1980 from box cores taken in 100-200
meters of water on sandy-mud sediments near the
East and West Flower Garden Bank (FGH) reefs, on
the Texas-Loui siana Continental Shelf. The objective
was to obtain needed and unknown baseline informa-
tion about sedimentary parameters and organisms of
the FGB environment to allow inferences to be made
about the potential effects of physical disturbances of
the seafloor on the indigenous benthos. Both microbial
ATP and bacterial biomass are lower than reported for
the Georgia Bight Shelf, Brazil-Amazon River Shelf,
Cap Blanc, West African Shelf, western coast of
Norway, and Long Island Sound. Bacterial counts are
comparable to the Amazon River Shelf and lower than
those recorded for the East China Sea. Moderate to
low standing stocks of benthos further suggest that
this area of the Gulf of Mexico is a relatively oligotro-
phy system for infaunal benthis consumers. (Copy-
right (c) 1985 Academic Press Inc. (London) Limited.)
Keywords: 'Offshore drilling, "Sediments, 'Benthos,
'Mexico Gulf, "Water pollution, Abundance, Worms,
Crustacea, Bacteria, Drilling fluids, Reprints, Baseline
studies, Oligotrophic, Flower Garden Banks.
PB86-110764	Not available NTIS
Origins of Carbonaceous Aerosol in Denver and
Albuquerque during Winter. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
C. W. Lewis, and W. Einfeld. C1985, 7p EPA/600/J-
85/178
Prepared in cooperation with Sandia National Labs.,
Albuquerque, NM.
Pub. in Environment International, v11 p243-247 1985.
Ambient aerosol measurements in wintertime Denver
and Albuquerque show that volatile and elemental
carbon constitute more than half of the observed total
fine particle mass. A multiple linear regression method
has been used to estimate the contribution to these
carbonaceous materials made by mobile sources and
wood smoke. In both cities the wood smoke contribu-
tion is much greater at night, and is much greater in Al-
buquerque than in Denver. The greater impact in Albu-
querque is presumably due at least partially to the
more residential character of the sampling site.
Keywords: "Aerosols, "Air pollution, "Carbon, "Winter,
Particles, New Mexico, Sources, Exhaust emissions]
Fines, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,'
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, "Volatile or-
ganic compounds, "Air pollution sampling,
lenver(Colorado), Albuquerque(New Mexico), Recep-
tor models.
PB86-110772/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Simulated Acid Rain on Crops,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
M. D. Plocher, S. C. Perrigan, R. J. Hevel, R, M.
Cooper, and D. N. Moss. Oct 85, 74p EPA/600/3-85/
068
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
In 1981, simulated H2S04 acid rain was applied to al-
falfa and tall fescue and a 2:1 ratio of H2S04:HN03
acid rain was applied to alfalfa, tall fescue, barley,
wheat, potato, tomato, radish, and corn crops growing
in the open field at Corvallis, Oregon. Careful attention
was given to effects of the acid rain on the appearance
of the foliage, and the effects on yield were measured.
Because the effect of pH 4.0 rain on corn yield was the
only significant effect noted in the 1981 studies, in
1982, more extensive studies of the effect of simulated
H2S04/HN03 rain on corn were conducted. No signif-
icant effects of acid rain were found on foliage appear-
ance, or on yield of grain or stover in the 1982 studies.
Keywords: "Acidity, "Precipitation(Meteorology),
•Grasses, 'Farm crops, Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid,
Vegetation, Corn, Yield, pH, Vegetables, "Acid precipi-
tation.
PB86-110780/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Illinois Annual Air Quality Report, 1984.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div, of Air Pollution Control.
Jun 85, 133p IEPA/APC/85-006
See also PB84-101872.
The document summarizes ambient air quality meas-
urements obtained in Illinois during the calendar year
of 1984. The report discusses air quality data obtained
for each site, provides statistical summaries, details air
quality violations and provides trend data where avail-
able. Background information is included concerning
sources of air pollutants, health effects, air quality
standards and ambient monitoring methodologies.
Keywords: 'Illinois, "Air pollution, Sources, Sites,
Standards, Tables(Data), Sampling, Lead(Metal),
Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Ozone, Sulfur di-
oxide, Trends, Public health, Industrial wastes, State
government, Particles, "Air quality, "Air pollution sam-
pling, Environmental health.
PB86-110921/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Assessment of Organic Contaminants In Emis-
sions from Refuse-Derived Fuel Combustion,
Energy Resources Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA.
J. Chrostowski, D. Wait, E. Kwong, A. Jefferies, and C
Rodgers. Sep 85,153p EPA/600/2-85/115
Contract EPA-68-03-2771
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Organic contaminants in emissions from refuse-de-
rived fuel combustion were investigated in a 20-inch-
diameter atmospheric fluidized-bed combustor. Com-
binations of coal/EcoFuel/MSW/toluene were burned
inthe combustor with temperatures ranging from 1250
to 1550 degrees F. A Source Assessment Sampling
System (SASS) was sed to sample the stack gas;
Level 1 methodology was used to analyze the organic
contaminant levels. Combustion efficiencies of 93 to
98 percent were achieved in the test burns. Combus-
tion of the EcoFuel generated fewer organic emissions
than combustion of coal at similar combustion tem-
peratures. The fine particulate collected by the SASS
train filter contained higher concentrations of extracta-
ble organics than the reactor fly ash and the SASS cy-
clone samples. Combustion of a toluene/EcoFuel mix
generated a large number of benzene derivatives not
seen in the combustion of pure EcoFuel. Polycyclic ar-
omatic hydrocarbons were the dominant organic com-
pounds contained in the XAD-2 resin extract from coal
combustion. A number of different priority pollutants
were identified in the samples collected.
Keywords: "Fluidized bed processors, "Organic com-
pounds, "Air pollution, "Combustion, "Aromatic poly-
cyclic hydrocarbons, "Gas analysis, Sampling, As-
sessments, Concentration(Composition), Fly ash,
Chemical analysis, Pilot plants, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, "Refuse derived fuels, "Air pol-
lution detection, Hazardous air pollutant prioritization
system, Municipal wastes, XAD 2 resins.
PB86-110939/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Fabric Filter Performance at Ames
Solid Waste Recovery System. Rept. for Oct 78-
Nov 79,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
F. D. Hall, J. M. Bruck, and D. N. Albrinck. Oct 85,44p
EPA/600/2-85/120
Contract EPA-68-03-2509
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The project report evaluates the particulate control
system at the Ames Solid Waste Recovery Plant. The
main output of the Ames resource recovery is refuse-
derived fuel (RDF), which is transported to an adjacent
power plant for burning and subsequent generation of
power. A fabric filter was installed to control dust from
the shredders, air density separator (ADS), and con-
veyor transfer points. The report describes the proc-
essing plant and the efficiency of the fabric filter equip-
ment.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Dust con-
trol, Electric power plants, Fuels, Design criteria, Per-
formance evaluation, "Fabric filters, "Waste utilization,
"Refuse derived fuels, "Waste processing, "Municipal
wastes, Solid wastes, Ames solid waste recovery
plant, Resource recovery facilities.
PB86-111218/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Emissions Assessment for Refuse-Derived Fuel
Combustion. Project rept. Feb 79-Oct 80,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
B. W. Rising, and J. M. Allen. Sep 85.76p EPA/600/2-
85/116
Contract EPA-68-03-2772
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The RDF and coal were burned in a small spreader-
stoker fired boiler. The parameters that were varied in
this program were RDF type and amount of coal
burned with the RDF. In two experiments a waste
chemical, triethanolamine, was added to the fuel, and
its destruction efficiency was assessed. Analysis of the
flue gases identified low levels of hydrocarbons, nitric
oxide, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide. The partic-
ulate loadings increased as the percentage of RDF in
the total fuel increased. More than half of the particu-
late loading was submicron in size when RDF was fired
without coal. Large quantities of POM's were detected
in those experiments in which the shredded and pelle-
tized RDF were fired in the furnace. No dioxins were
detected in those tests in which it was analyzed. In the
experiments in which RDF was the only fuel, lead
emissions were several orders of magnitude above the
levels detected in the coal base run. Based upon the
flue gas analysis, the destruction of the triethanola-
mine was complete.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Combustion, "Fuels, Flue
gases, Sulfur dioxide, Particles, Assessments, Oxida-
tion, Hydrocarbons, Nitric oxide, Carbon monoxide.
PB86-111556	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Correspondence of Laboratory and Field Results:
What Are the Criteria for Verification,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee.
R. J. Livingston, and D. A. Meeter. c1985,14p EPA/
600/D-85/223
Contract EPA-R-810292
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Gulf
Breeze, FL.
Pub. in Multispecies Testing, Chapter 8, p76-88 Sep
Vverification of laboratory bioassay results in the field
is a complex process which is currently being tested in
a range of freshwater and marine habitats by the Flori-
da State University Aquatic Study Group. Verification
studies range from single-species bioassays to multi-
species microcosms of soft-sediment benthic macroin-
vertebrates. The basic question involves whether labo-
ratory results can be reasonably extrapolated to field
conditions. The chief factors which complicate direct
extrapolation include physical-chemical habitat fea-
tures, reproduction and recruitment of populations, im-
migration-emigration, predation, and competition. Sta-
tistical models are being developed to test the compa-
rability of laboratory and field data in the estimation of
the effects of toxic substances on natural aquatic sys-
tems.
Keywords: "Aquatic biology, "Invertebrates, "Marine
biology, Field tests, Bioassay, Reproduction(Biology),
Competition, Toxicity, Reprints, Microcosms.
PB86-111564/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Rapid Aquatic Toxicity Assay Utilizing Labeled
Thymidine Incorporation in Sea Urchin Embryos.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
E. Jackim, and D. Nacci. 1984,8p ERLN-605, EPA/
600/J-84/339
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v3
p631-636 1984.
Aquatic toxicity was evaluated in the sea urchin
embryo (Arbacea punctulata) by the inhibition of tritiat-
ed thymidine incorporation after a brief exposure to
toxic chemicals. Arbacia is a useful surrogate species
for assay: well-studied, easily cultured and fertile virtu-
ally year round. The simplicity and speed of this test
system lends itself to screening large numbers of com-
pounds, mixtures or water samples.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Bioassay, "Solid waste disposal,
"Isotopic labeling, "Embryos, "Sea urchins, Sampling,
Exposure, Chemical analysis, Reprints, "Environmen-
tal health, "Water pollution effects(Animals), "Water
pollution detection.
PB86-111572/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Strategy for Monitoring of Contaminant Distribu-
tions Resulting from Proposed Sewage Sludge
Disposal at the 106-Mile Ocean Disposal Site. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
T. P. O'Connor, H. A. Walker, J. F. Paul, and V. J.
Bierman. 1985,27pEPA/600/J-85/173, ERLN-652
Pub. in Marine Environmental Research, v16 p127-
150, 1985. Prepared in cooperation with National
Ocean Service, Rockville, MD. Office of Oceanogra-
phy and Marine Sen/ices.
It has been proposed that future ocean disposal of
sewage sludge from the US east coast be done at a
site beyond the edge of the continental shelf. In antici-
pation of that, a monitoring strategy has been devel-
oped to determine the average spatial distribution of
contamination. The strategy is an iterative series of
measurements developed from models of sludge dis-
persion and settling which are based on characteris-
tics of the disposal site and sewage sludge. Once dis-
posal is initiated at the site, the strategy requires sam-
pling the upper mixed layer at 26 stations, mostly
within 100km of the site, and deployment of nera-
bottom sediment traps along a line extending 300 km
away from the site.
Keywords: "Sludge disposal, "Oceans, Monitoring,
Spatial distribution, Dispersing, Settling, Organic com-
pounds, Bacteria, Zinc, Reprints, Ocean waste dispos-
al, Marine disposal, Sewage sludge.
PB86-111580/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Fate of Ocean Dumped Acid-Iron Waste In ¦
MERL (Marine Ecosystems Research Laboratory)
Stratified Microcosm,
Rhode Island Univ., Narragansett. Marine Ecosystems
Research Lab
M. F. Brown, and D. R. Kester. Oct 85,34p EPA/600/
D-85/226
Grant EPA-R-806072
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Narra-
gansett, Rl.
Field studies have provided information on the short-
term effects of acid-iron waste disposal at a deep
water dumpsite off the coast of New Jersey. To assess
the long-term effects of the acid-iron waste, an experi-
ment was conducted at the MERL facility (Marine Eco-
systems Research Laboratory) of the University of
Rhode Island. The mechanism of iron removal was
gravitational settling of the iron floe and not assimila-
tion by phytoplankton and zooplankton species ex-
posed to acid-iron waste. The results of the MERL tank
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
experiment were consistent with field observations of
an actual acid-iron waste dump
Keywords: "Iron, "Acidity, "Solid waste disposal,
"Coasts, Field tests. New Jersey, Plankton, Ecology,
Decay, Tanks(Containers), Exposure, "Microcosm,
Ocean waste disposal, Marine disposal.
PB86-111598/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Interlaboratory Comparison of a 28-Day Toxicity
Test with the Polychaete 'Neanthes arenaceoden-
tata',
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
C. E. Pesch, and G. L. Hoffman. Oct 85,14p EPA/600/
D-85/225, ERLN-237
An interlaboratory comparison of toxicity tests with the
polychaete Neanthes arenaceodentata was conduct-
ed to determine the amount of variability expected with
this test. Six laboratories each conducted two 28-day
flow-through tests, one with silver nitrate (AgNOS) as
the toxicant and the other with the pesticide endosul-
fan. Muffled sand (from unpolluted beaches) was used
as sediment in the tests. The mean 28-day median
lethal concentrations (LC50s) (based on measured
concentrations) for the participating laboratories were
165 plus or minus 52micrograms/L and 106 plus or
minus 24micrograms/L for the tests with silver and en-
dosulfan, respectively. The ratio of the highest to the
lowest LC50 value was 2.33 for silver and 1.81 for en-
dosulfan. Therefore, the variability between laborato-
ries was low for this test.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Worms, Comparison, Varia-
bility, Lethal dosage, Silver, "Polychaetea, Neanthes
arenaceodentata, Endosulfan, "Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB86-111671/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Illinois Water Data Catalog Report, 1985. Final
rept.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
May 85, 80p IEPA/WPC/85-007
A catalog of water-related data collected in Illinois was
developed as part of a monitoring strategy review to
serve as a reference for data availability and data col-
lection efforts in the State, and therefore to facilitate
monitoring decisions and evaluations. A questionnaire
was sent out to various organizations to gather com-
plete and up-to-date information directly. Information
requested included: number of stations, parameters
and collection frequency for several data categories,
divided into stream, lake and groundwater sections;
general program information; and computer, reporting
and cooperative. The Illinois Water Data Catalog sum-
marizes the returns by organization in table format.
Keywords: "Illinois, "Water pollution, Monitoring,
Streams, Lakes, Ground water.
PB86-111705/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Pilot-Scale Air Pollution Control De-
vices on a Refuse and Coal-Fired Boiler. Rept. for
Jun 77-Jun 80,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
F. D. Hall, J. M. Bruck, and D. N. Albrinck. Oct 85,246p
EPA/600/2-85/121
Contract EPA-68-03-2509
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The project report describes the operation of pilot-
scale air pollution control devices to gather data on air
pollution efficiency versus several different operating
parameters on various waste-as-fuel combustio proc-
esses. It also includes a test of a full scale fabric filter
used to control dust emissions. The refuse-derived fuel
is burned, along with pulverized coal, in a suspension-
fired boiler. The pilot device testing program involved
the evaluation of pollutant removal efficiency of a
mobile electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and a mobile
scrubber.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Dust con-
trol, Pilot plants, Performance evaluation, Scrubbers,
Electrostatic	precipitators,
Concentration(Composition), Boilers, Combustion
products, Industrial wastes, "Refuse derived fuels.
PB86-112265/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Bibliography of Documents Issued by the GAO
(General Accounting Office) on Matters Related
to: Environmental Protection.
General Accounting Office, Washington, DC. Re-
sources Community and Economic Development Div.
Aug 85,154p GAO/RCED-85-154
Protecting the environment by placing limits on the
amount of pollution that can be tolerated without en-
dangering the health and welfare of human beings and
the ecological systems in which we live is an important
issue in public policy decisionmaking. It involves regu-
latory and financial assistance programs to control and
abate hazardous wastes, toxic chemicals, and other
pollutants that seep into the nation's water, contami-
nate the land, and poison the air. Which pollutants and
what levels of controls are needed, how to balance en-
vironmental protection with other equally desirable na-
tional goals, and how to maximize the billions of dollars
spent on environmental controls-all represent impor-
tant national concerns. The bibliography includes in-
formation on U.S. General Accounting Office (GAO)
documents directly or indirectly related to environmen-
tal protection released between January 1981 and De-
cember 1984. Although the Resources, Community,
and Economic Development Division (RCED) is GAO's
lead division for reviews of environmental protection, a
broad interrelationship exists between the environ-
mental area and other areas of interest addressed by
GAO such as health, energy, transportation, agricul-
ture, and natural resources. The bibliography, there-
fore, includes information on documents issued by
other GAO divisions and offices that have linkages to
environmental protection issues.
Keywords: "Bibliographies, "Environmental surveys,
"Hazardous wastes, Ecology, Public health,
Indexes(Documentation).
PB86-112398/HSU	CP T08
SESOIL Test Output Data. Software,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
D. Kaufman, and R. Kinerson. 4 Jun 85, mag tape
EPA/SW/MT-86/005
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. Call NTIS
Computer Products if you have questions. Price in-
cludes documentation, PB86-112406 and PB86-
112414.
SESOIL is a user-friendly mathematical soil compart-
ment model designed for long-term environmental hy-
drologic, sediment, and pollutant fate simulations. It
can describe: water transport (quality and quantity);
sediment transport (quality and quantity); pollutant
transport and transformation: soil quality; pollutant mi-
gration to groundwater; and other processes. Simula-
tions are performed for a user specified soil column ex-
tending between the ground surface and the lower part
of the unsaturated soil zone of a region. The simula-
tions are based upon a three-cycle rationale, each
cycle being associated with a number of processes.
The three cycles are the: (1) hydrologic cycle which
takes account of rainfall, soil moisture, infiltration, exfil-
tration, surface runoff, evapotranspiration, groundwat-
er runoff, (2) sediment cycle which takes account of
sediment washload (from storms) and sediment resu-
spension (due to wind), and (3) pollutant fate cycle
which takes account of advectlon, diffusion/volatiliza-
tion, adsorption and desorption, chemical degradation
or decay, biological transformation, hydrolysis, photol-
ysis (not operational), oxidation (not operational), com-
plexation of metals by organic ligands, cation ex-
change, fixation (not operational) and other processes.
The program is written in the FORTRAN programming
language for implementation on a DEC VAX 11 /780
computer using the VMS 4.1 operating system. 256K
bytes of core storage are required to operate the
model.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Soil analysis,
"Chemical analysis, "Environmental surveys, "Hazard-
ous materials, Mathematical models, 'Software, Hy-
drology, Sediments, Ground water, Runoff, Adsorp-
tion, Desorption, Hydrolysis, Nutrients, Sites, Leakage,
Assessments, Diffusion, Fortran, Magnetic tapes,
"Toxic substances, "Land disposal, "SESOIL models,
Path of pollutants.
PB86-112406/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
SESOIL: A Seasonal Soli Compartment Model,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
M. Bonazountas, and J. M. Wagner. May 84,148p
EPA/SW/DF-86/005A
Contract EPA-68-01-6271
For system on magnetic tape, see PB86-112398. See
also PB86-112414. Prepared in cooperation with DIS/
ADLPIPE, Cambridge, MA. Sponsored by Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Pes-
ticides and Toxic Substances.
SESOIL is a user-friendly mathematical soil compart-
ment model designed for long-term environmental hy-
drologic, sediment and pollutant fate simulations.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Soil analysis,
"Chemical analysis, "Environmental surveys, "Hazard-
ous materials, "Mathematical models, Hydrology,
Sediments, Ground water, Runoff, Adsorption, De-
sorption, Hydrolysis, Nutrients, Sites, Leakage, As-
sessments, Diffusion, Fortran, "Toxic substances,
"Land disposal, "SESOIL models, Path of pollutants.
PB86-112414/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC,
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
SESOIL Execution Using the Data Management
Supporting Systems, SESIN and SESOILFM.
User's Guide.
General Software Corp., Landover, MD.
26 Dec 84,65p EPA/SW/MT-86/005B
Contract EPA-68-02-3970
For system on magnetic tape, see PB86-112398. See
also PB86-112406. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Pesticides
and Toxic Substances.
SESOIL, a soil compartment model, estimates the rate
of chemical transport/transformation from the soil sur-
face to groundwater in terms of mass and concentra-
tion distributions among the soil, water, and air phases.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Soil analysis,
"Chemical analysis, "Environmental surveys, "Hazard-
ous materials, "Mathematical models, Hydrology,
Sediments, Ground water, Runoff, Adsorption, De-
sorption, Hydrolysis, Nutrients, Sites, Leakage, As-
sessments, Diffusion, Fortran, Management informa-
tion systems, "Toxic substances, Land disposal,
"SESOIL models, "User manuals(Computer pro-
grams), Path of pollutants, SESIN management sys-
tems, SESOILFM management systems.
PB86-112422/ HSU	CP T05
Atmospheric Transport Model for Toxic Sub-
stances. Software,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
D. Kaufman, and R. Kinerson. 5 Jun 85, mag tape
EPA/SW/MT-86/001
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. Call NTIS
Computer Products if you have questions. Price in-
cludes documentation, DE85-003596.
ATMTOX is an atmospheric transport model devel-
oped as part of Oak Ridge National Laboratories, Uni-
fied Transport Model, UTMTOX. The model is a Gaus-
sian plume model applicable to mesoscale studies,
(100 meters to 50 Km). The model may be used to esti-
mate annual average atmospheric concentrations and
deposition values resulting from the release of either a
gas or particles—Software description: The program is
written in the FORTRAN programming language for
implementation on a DEC VAX 11/780 computer using
the VMS 4.1 operating system. 100K bytes of core
storage are required to operate the model.
Keywords: "Software, 'Mathematical models, "Trans-
port properties, 'Air pollullon, Magnetic tapes
Concentration(Composition), Fortran, "Toxic sul>
stances, 'Atmospheric dispersion, 'Unified transport
models, Gaussian plume models.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-112430/HSU	CP T08
TOX-SCREEN Multimedia Screening Level Pro-
ram. Software,
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
D. Kaufman, and R. Kinerson. 5 Jun 85, mag tape
EPA/SW/MT-86/006
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. Call NTIS
Computer Products if you have questions. Price in-
cludes documentation, PB84-213750.
TOX-SCREEN is a screening level multimedia model,
developed to assess the potential fate of toxic chemi-
cals released to air, -surface water, or soil. The model
was developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for
the U.S. EPA, Office of Toxic Substances. The model
is simple in nature and is intended to be used as a
screening device to identify chemicals that are unlikely
to pose environmental problems even under conserva-
tive assumptions...Software Description: The program
is written in the FORTRAN programming language for
implementation on a Digital Equipment VAX 11/780
computer using the VMS 4.1 operating system. 256K
bytes of core storage are required to operate the
model.
Keywords: 'Software, "Mathematical models, 'Envi-
ronmental surveys, "Chemical compounds, Magnetic
tapes, Fortran, Air pollution, Water pollution. Surface
waters, Soils, Assessments, *Tox-screen model,
'Toxic substances, Land pollution.
PB86-112448/HSU	CP T11
CLOGP Source Code. Software,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
D. Kaufman, and R. Kinerson. 5 Jun 85, mag tape
EPA/SW/MT-86/002
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. Call NTIS
Computer Products if you have questions.
CLOGP is a program that calculates lop octanol/water
partition coefficients by fragment additivity...Software
Description: The program is written in the FORTRAN
programming language for implementation on a DEC
VAX 11/780 using the VMS 4.1 operating system.
512K bytes of core storage are required to operate the
model.
Keywords: 'Software, 'Molecular structure, 'Water,
"Octanol, 'Environmental surveys, Magnetic tapes,
Fortran, 'Toxic substances, 'Source codes, 'CLOGP
program.
PB86-112570/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Framework for Uncertainty Analysis of the
NAPAP (National Acid Precipitation Assessment
Program) Emissions Inventory. Final rept. Oct 83-
Jul 85,
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
C. Benkovitz. Sep 85,29p EPA/600/7-85/036
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of a project to develop a meth-
odologies framework to assess the uncertainties asso-
ciated with the emissions values as presented in the
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
(NAPAP) emissions inventory and to Implement a pro-
totype computer system to estimate the uncertainties
associated with the base NAPAP emissions values.
Previous projects that addressed the assignment of
quantitative values to the uncertainties in emissions
data were reviewed, and a statistical methodology was
developed that allows the computation of more accu-
rate uncertainty values. Auxiliary data required to carry
out the computations were identified, and the proto-
type computer system to implement the calculations
has been designed and is being implemented.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Probability theory. Assess-
ments.	Computer	programs,
Concentration(Composition), Reviews, Statistical anal-
ysis, Reprints, 'National acid precipitation assessment
program, 'Emissions inventories, "Acid rain, Station-
ary sources, Computer applications.
PB86-113156/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Illinois State Chamber of Commerce, Springfield.
Hazardous Substances Alternative Treatment
Technologies Seminar Proceedings.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Land Pollution Control.
Aug 85.148p IEPA/LPC-85/009
Sponsored by Illinois State Chamber of Commerce,
Springfield.
The document contains technical papers which were
presented at the Hazardous Substances Alternative
Treatment Technologies Seminar held April 3 and 4,
1985 in Springfield, Illinois. These proceedings discuss
viable alternative treatment technologies for the dispo-
sition of hazardous wastes.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Waste disposal,
"Meetings, Substitutes, Incinerators, Solvents, Illinois,
Sites, Fluidized bed processors, Design criteria, Per-
formance evaluation, Sampling, Remedial actions, Su-
perfund program, Waste recycling.
PB86-113404/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Alternative Methods for Toxicity Testing: Regula-
tory Policy Issues,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Planning and Evaluation.
S. M. Lyons, M. A. Champ, and S. Panem. Apr 85,91 p
EPA/230/12-85/029
Prepared in cooperation with National Institutes of
Health, Bethesda, MD. Div. of Research Resources.
The study surveys attitudes and policies of representa-
tive organizations concerning the issue of alternatives
to animal testing. Positions of organizations in the sci-
entific community, the regulatory community, industry,
and the animal welfare community are examined within
the context of growing pressures to adopt new toxicity
testing methodologies. The resulting issues which
effect regulatory development are identified. The
report has also been prepared as an information re-
source and guide to the relevant technical literature.
Regulatory policy issues concerning the use of alterna-
tive toxicity tests are identified and discussed in the
report.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Regulations, Surveys, Attitudes,
Policies, Laboratory animals, Policies, Animal models,
Government policies, 'Analytical methods.
PB86-1134S3/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Regulation and Policy Matrices: A Guide to the
Rules Governing Grants Awarded under the Con-
struction Grants Program, Update -1985.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Municipal Pollution Control.
Sep 85, 33p
See also PB85-244952.
Update of the Regulation and Policy Matrices - A
Guide to the Rules Governing Grants Awarded Under
the Construction Grants Program.
Keywords: 'Grants, 'Guidelines, 'Water pollution,
Regulations, National government, Financing, 'Con-
struction grants program, "Sewage treatment plants,
Municipal wastes.
PBM-11352S/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Economic Impact Analysis of Effluent Limitations
and Standards for Plastics Molding and Forming
Industry. Final rept.,
Meta Systems, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Dec 84, 81 p EPA/440/2-84/025
Contract EPA-68-01-6426
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Water Regulations and
Standards.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency issued ef-
fluent limitations and standards in December, 1984, for
the Plastics Molding and Forming Industry. The report
estimates the economic impacts associated with pollu-
tion control costs. Plant specific treatment costs for 20
percent of the impacted plants are compared to esti-
mated pre-tax plant income to assess the impact of
treatment costs on plant liquidity. Then a closure anal-
ysis is performed, comparing the current salvage value
of the plant's assets with the present value of the
plant s cash flow plus the terminal value of its assets.
The results are extrapolated to the 558 plants which,
as direct dischargers, would be impacted. The results
of this plant-level analysis are used to assess the indi-
rect impacts of the regulation, e.g., price changes, un-
employment and shifts, in the balance of foreign trade.
Keywords: 'Economic impact, 'Plastics industry,
'Molding techniques, 'Water pollution economics,
'Standards, Water pollution control, Assessments,
Cost estimates, Comparison.
PB86-113792/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Pilot-Scale Air Pollution Control De-
vices on a Municipal Waterfall Incinerator. Project
rept. Jun 78-Jun 80,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
F. D. Hall, J. M. Bruck, and D, N. Albrinck, Oct 85,93p
EPA/600/2-85/122
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The project report describes the results of a program
for the testing of two pilot-scale pollution control de-
vices, a fabric filter, and a venturi scrubber at the Brain-
tree, Massachusetts Municipal Solid Waste Incinera-
tor. It includes operation, sampling, and analytical ef-
forts and outlines the plant operating conditions at the
time of testing of the two pilot control devices. The
Braintree Municipal Incinerator is a mass-burn, water-
wall type consisting of two furnaces, each designed to
burn 4.7 Mg (5 tons) per hour of unprocessed refuse.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, "Solid
waste disposal, "Incinerators, Pilot plants, Furnaces,
Combustion products, Sampling, Performance evalua-
tion, Gas analysis, Experimental design, Electrostatic
precipitators, Design criteria, Quality assurance,
Scrubbers, Air filters, "Municipal wastes, Fabric filters,
Venturi scrubbers, Air pollution detection, Air pollution
sampling.
PB88-114071/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Lead-Poisoned' Catalyst Evaluation. Final rept.
Feb-Jun 84,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
E. R. Fanick, and M. N. Ingalls. Aug 85,149p EPA/
460/3-84/007
Contract EPA-68-03-3162
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Ann
Arbor, Ml. Emission Control Technology Div.
Ten catalyst from eight vehicles representing four ve-
hicle manufacturers were examined using several
physical and chemical procedures for poison accumu-
lation, overheating, plugging, thermal deterioration,
and noble metal loss. The analysis of each converter
consisted of visual inspection, whole converter radio-
graphs BET surface area, elemental analysis, and
scanning electron microscope examination of surface.
Correlations between the 'on-vehicle' emissions and
the analytical results were conducted.
Keywords: "Exhaust emissions, 'Air pollution control
equipment, "Motor vehicles, "Lead poisoning, Chemi-
cal analysis, Lead(Metal), Performance evaluation, Ni-
trogen oxides, X-ray analysis, X-ray fluorescence,
Fuels, 'Catalytic reactors(Exhaust systems), "Poison-
ing.
PB86-114089/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Executive Summary. Ambient Ozone and Human
Health: An Epidemiological Analysis. Final rept.,
Resources for the Future, Inc., Washington, DC.
P. R. Portney, and J. Mullahy. Aug 85,23p EPA/450/5-
85/005D
Contract EPA-68-02-3583
See also PB86-114097. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC.Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The report is the executive summary of an analysis of
the relationship between ozone and human health
benefits.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Ozone, 'Public health, "Epidemiology,
Standards, Substitutes, Air pollution, Economic analy-
sis, "Air pollution effects(Humans), "Air quality, "Envi-
ronmental health.
PB86-114097/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Ambient Ozone and Human Health: An Epidemio-
logical Analysis. Volume 2. Final rept.,
Resources for the Future, Inc., Washington, DC.
P. R. Portney, and J. Mullahy. Sep 83, 227p EPA/450/
5-85/005B
Contract EPA-68-02-3583
See also PB85-245181 and PB86-114089. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC, Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
The report is the second volumean analysis of the rela-
tionship between ozone and human health benefits.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Public health, "Epidemiology,
Tables(Data),	Air	pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Morbidity, Economic
analysis, "Air pollution effects(Humans), "Air quality,
"Environmental health.
PB86-114105/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Ambient Ozone and Human Health: An Epidemio-
logical Analysis. Volume 3. Final rept.,
Resources for the Future, Inc., Washington, DC.
P. R. Portney, and J. Mullahy. Jun 85,180p EPA/450/
5-85/005C
Contract EPA-68-02-3583
See also PB86-114097. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The report is the third volume of an analysis of the rela-
tionship between ozone and human health benefits.
Keywords: "Public health, "Ozone, "Epidemiology, Air
pollution, Urban areas, Mathematical models, Expo-
sure, Respiratory diseases, Socioeconomic status,
Concentration(Composition), "Air pollution
effects(Humans), "Air quality, "Environmental health,
Cigarette smoking.
PB86-114113/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Examination of 1982-1983 Particulate Matter
Ratios and Their Use In the Estimation of PM10
(10 Micrometers) NAAQS (National Ambient Air
Quality Standards) Attainment Status,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
A. K. Pollack, A. B. Hudischewskyj, and A. D. Thrall.
Aug 85,132p EPA/450/4-85/010
Contract EPA-68-02-4306
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency is propos-
ing new short- and long-term National Ambient Air
Quality Standards (NAAQS) for particulate matter
having an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 mi-
crometers (PM(sub 10)). The current NAAQS for par-
ticulate matter refers to total suspended particulate
matter (TSP) concentrations without a size specifica-
tion. Until (PM(sub 10)) data are more widely available,
TSP monitoring data must be used to estimate the like-
lihood of attainment of the (PM(sub 10)) NAAQS. Pace
and Frank (1984) have developed a method for esti-
mating that likelihood. Their approach relies on the dis-
tributions of particulate matter ratios.
Keywords: "Particles, "Air pollution, "Standards, Parti-
cle size distributions, "National ambient air quality
standards, "Total suspended particulates.
PB86-114659/HSU	MF A01
National Emissions Report, 1983: National Emis-
sions Data Systems (NEDS) of the Aerometric and
Emissions Reporting System (AEROS). Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park NC. Monitoring and Data AnalysisDiv.
Dec 85,1648p EPA/450/4-85/013
See also PB85-115632.
458 Vol. 90, No. 24
The National Emissions Report summarizes annual
cumulative estimates of source emissions of five crite-
ria pollutants: particulates, sulfur oxides, nitrogen
oxides, volatile organic compounds, and carbon mon-
oxide. Source emissions data are reported to the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency under provisions of
Section 110 of the Clean Air Act, as amended 1977,
and EPA Regulations, Title 40, Code of Federal Regu-
lations, Part 51.321. Summary data are presented for
the Nation as a whole, for individual States, and for Air
Quality Control Regions and for individual interstate
portions thereof. The data compilations result from the
operations of the National Emissions Data System
(NEDS), which functions as a component of the com-
prehensive EPA air information system-the Aerome-
tric and Emissions Reporting System (AEROS).
AEROS is managed by the National Air Data Branch,
Monitoring and Data Analysis Division, Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency at Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina 27711.
Keywords: "Air pollution, Particles, Sulfur oxides, Nitro-
gen oxides, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, "Na-
tional Emissions Data System, Aerometric and emis-
sions reporting system.
PB86-114725/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Emission Assessment of Refuse-Derived Fuel
Combustion: Suspension Firing. Rept. for Jun 79-
Nov 81,
KVB, Inc., Irvine, CA.
J. K. Arand, L. J. Muzio, and R. L. Barbour. Sep 85,
166p EPA/600/2-85/117
Contract EPA-68-03-2773
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The suspension burning investigation was conducted
in a horizontal laboratory boiler firing at a nominal heat
input of 440 kw. The boiler had been modified to simu-
late large utility boilers and was further modified to in-
vestigate co-firing and tri-firing of coal, RDF, and haz-
ardous liquids. Criteria emissions were obtained for a
large number of co-fired conditions; many showed re-
duced nitric oxide emissions with co-firing relative to
coal combustion. Organic and inorganic samples of
the flue gas showed only two conditions where polynu-
olear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's) were present.
Those conditions were with tri-fired powder RDF, coal,
and waste oil. Screening criteria showed levels of diox-
ins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) were below
threshold values requiring complete analysis.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Coal, "Hazardous materials,
"Boilers, "Solid waste disposal, Aromatic polycyclic
hydrocarbons, Flue gases, Assessments, Industrial
wastes, State government, Electric power plants,
Combustion products, "Refuse derived fuels, Liquid
wastes, "Waste utilization, Dioxins, Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls.
PB86-114733/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy Analysis.
Methodological Approach to an Economic Analy-
sis of the Beneficial Outcomes of Water Quality
Improvements from Sewage Treatment Plant Up-
grading and Combined Sewer Overflow Controls:
Environmental Benefits Analysis Series. Final rept.
Meta Systems, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Aug 85, 320p EPA/230/11-85/017
Contract EPA-68-01-6596
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Policy Analysis.
The purpose of the report is to demonstrate the feasi-
bility and usefulness of an economic analysis of the
beneficial outcomes of water quality improvements
from implementing controls on multiple sources of pol-
lution. This case study on Boston Harbor serves to (1)
demonstrate the application of a variety of economic
benefit estimation techniques and (2) to assess the re-
liability and limitations of each. It is intended as an ex-
ample of how to perform benefit analysis. The pollution
abatement considered in this report results from up-
grading two sewage treatment plants (STPs) on Deer
and Nut Islands and controlling combined sewer over-
flows (CSOs) in Dorchester Bay, the Neponset and
Charles Rivers, Quincy Bay, and the Inner Harbor.
Keywords: "Combined sewers, "Sewage treatment,
"Municipalities, Overflows, Economic factors, Benefit
cost analysis, Recreation, Fishing, Upgrading, Feasi-
bility, Boston(Massachusetts).
PB86-114766/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Handbook of Advanced Treatment Review Issues.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Jun 84,115p
The handbook identifies the most significant issues
encountered in the review of proposed advanced
treatment (AT) projects by the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency (EPA) Headquarter's AT Task Force, and
describes the procedures and information used to
evaluate each issue as a basis for making Federal
Construction grant funding decisions.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, Grants, Construction,
Handbooks, Financing, Instructions, Tertiary treat-
ment.
PB86-114782/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Beneficial Reclamation of Urban Storm Runoff for
Subpotable Usage. Conference paper,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
R. Field, and C. Y. Fan. Sep 85,34p EPA/600/D-85/
220
As population and industry grow, water demand in-
creases, and water supply becomes more of a prob-
lem. It has been estimated that the total gross water
intake for all purposes in the United States will exceed
the total available water supply of 650 billion gal/day
(2.5 billion m3/day) by the year 2000. Therefore, recla-
mation of municipal wastewater for industry, nonpota-
ble domestic usages, and groundwater recharge will
become a more significant means of augmenting water
supply.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Water pollution, "Urban areas,
Water supply, Ground water recharge, Potable water,
Waste water reuse, Irrigation, Industries, "Storm water
runoff, "Urban hydrology, Water demand.
PB86-114949/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Development Document for Proposed Effluent
Limitations Guidelines and New Source Perform-
ance Standards for the Offshore Subcategory of
the Oil and Gaa Extraction Point Source Category.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Industrial Technology Div.
Jul 85,410p* EPA/440/1-85/055
Technical support document for Proposed Best Avail-
able Technology, Best Convention Technology and
New Source Performance Standards, Water Discharge
limitations for the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry. Pro-
posed water discharge limitations were published in
the Federal Register on August 26, 1985 (50FR
34592-34636).
Keywords: "Waste disposal, "Water treatment, 'Water
pollution control, Standards, Crude oil, Natural gas,
Offshore drilling, Drilling fluids, Gas wells, Regulations,
Stabilized platforms, Point sources, Best available
technology.
PB86-114964/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Assessment of Environmental Fate and Effects of
Discharges from Offshore Oil and Qaa Oper-
ations,
Technical Resources, Inc., Rockville, MD.
G. Petrazzuolo, A. D. Michael, C. A. Menzie, R. H. Cole,
and R. G. Rolan. Aug 85,453p EPA/440/4-85/002
Contract EPA-68-01-6195
Prepared in cooperation with Dalton-Dalton-Newport,
Inc., Cleveland, OH. Sponsored by Environmental Pro^
tection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Water Reg-
ulations and Standards.
The overall objectives of this study are to characterize
and assess the fate and effects of discharges from off.
shore oil and gas drilling and production activities. Four
specific objectives were outlined by EPA: Present
overall conclusions on the fate and effects of drilling
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
merit; Describe types and quantities from offshore drill-
ing and production; Describe transport phenomena to
which discharges will be subjected, including physical,
chemical, and biological processes; and Present infor-
mation on the acute and chronic toxicity of drilling
fluids and produced waters on marine organisms.
Keywords: "Offshore drilling, "Natural gas wells, "Oil
wells, "Water pollution, "Marine environment, Assess-
ments, Toxicity, Field tests, Industrial wastes, Trans-
port properties, Aquatic animals, Ecology, "Path of pol-
lutants, "Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB86-115029/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Trihalomethane Precursor Removal by Coagula-
tion Techniques In a Lime-Softening Plant (A
Three-Phased Study),
Daytona Beach, FL.
J. C. Thurrott, H. Zwart-Duryea, K. McGurn, and K.
Riger. Oct 85,98p EPA/600/2-85/119
Prepared in cooperation with Russell and Axon, Dayto-
na Beach, FL. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research
Lab.
A research program identified and evaluated a treat-
ment scheme that reduced trihalomethane (THM) con-
centrations formed in the treatment process by coagu-
lating the THM precursor materials and removing them
before chlorination. The process was evaluated in
bench testing in an 18.9 L/min pilot plant and in a
plant-scale trial that simultaneously compared the po-
tential for precursor removal from a Florida ground
water by conventional lime softening and by lime soft-
ening with a new polymeric coagulant (XE-392, Rohm
and Haas). The correlation of total organic carbon
(TOC) and ultraviolet (UV) absorbance with total triha-
lomethanes was investigated in an effort to establish
an easily performed process control test. In general,
reductions in trihalomethane formation potential con-
centrations were less than UV absorbance reductions
but greater than TOC concentration reductions. No
secondary deterioration in water quality was noted
from the experimental treatment scheme and no major
operational problems were experienced during the
trial. The experimental coagulant system reduced
THM concentrations by more than 50 percent com-
pared to the conventional treatment methods used in
the Daytona Beach treatment plant. A cost estimate
was prepared. If the experimental coagulation process
is used, the water treatment plant operating costs
would climb from 33 cents/1000 gallons to 75 cents/
gallons. These projected costs are considered too
high to warrant the use of this polymeric coagulant In
Daytona Beach, Florida.
Keywords: "Coagulation, "Water treatment, Coagu-
lants, Concentration(Composition), Cost analysis, Op-
erating costs, Coagulants, Calcium oxides, Design cri-
teria, Potable water, Performance evaluation, Disin-
fectants, Softening, "Halomethanes, XE 392 resins,
XE 513 resins, Daytona Beach(Florida).
PB86-11S094/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Test Firing Refuse-Derived Fuel in an Industrial
Coal-Fired Boiler,
Madison Dept. of Public Works, Wl. Div. of Engineer-
ing.
R. J. Vetter, M. L. Smith, K. W. Ragland, R. K. Ham,
and R. P. Madding. Sep 85,174p EPA/600/2-85/113
Grant EPA-R-806328
Prepared in cooperation with Smith (M. L.) Environ-
mental, Oak Brook. IL., and Wisconsin Univ.-Madison.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The Research Program entitled, 'Test Firing Refuse
Derived Fuel in an Industrial Coal-Fired Boiler' evalu-
ates the performance of an industrial boiler when co-
firing coal and RDF. An optimum boiler operating load
and RDF feed rate was determined for the boiler
tested. Boiler efficiencies and stack emissions were
also studied when co-firing RDF and coal. The eco-
nomics of preparing and utilizing RDF in the boiler are
evaluated. The operational characteristics of the RDF
feed system and the reliability and practicability of re-
ceiving, storing, and firing RDF at an industrial oper-
ation are reported.
Keywords: "Boilers, "Industrial plants, "Stokers, Per-
formance evaluation, Design criteria, Economic analy-
sis, Sampling, Chemical analysis, Substitutes, Air pol-
lution, "Refuse derived fuels, "Waste utilization, "Mu-
nicipal wastes, Solid wastes, Air pollution detection.
PB86-115151/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Co-Firing of Solid Wastes and Coal at Ames:
Stoker Boilers,
Ames Dept. of Public Works, IA.
J. L. Hall, A. W. Joensen, D. Van Meter, J. C. Even, and
R. W. White. Sep 85, 203p EPA/600/2-85/114
Grant EPA-R-803903
Prepared in cooperation with Iowa State Univ., Ames.
Engineering Research Inst., and Midwest Research
Inst., Kansas City, MO. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste
Engineering Research Lab.
The report presents an evaluation of the Ames Solid
Waste Recovery System through the second full year
of its operation (1977). This evaluation includes the op-
erating experience and economics of the refuse proc-
essing plant, the characterization of the various materi-
al flow streams within the refuse processing plant, and
the thermodynamic and mechanical performance and
the environmental emissions of the stoker-fired steam
generators.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Incinerators, "Solid
waste disposal, "Air pollution, "Stokers, Coal, Fuels,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Performance
evaluation, Boilers, Economic analysis, Thermody-
namics, Corrosion, Design criteria, "Ames solid waste
recovery system, "Alternate fuels, "Refuse derivea
fuels, "Municipal wastes, Ames(lowa), Waste utiliza-
tion.
PB86-115391/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Protection of Wheat: January 1980-December
1984. Citations from AGRICOLA Concerning Dis-
eases and Other Environmental Considerations.
Bibliographies and literature of agriculture,
National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.
C. N. Bebee. Sep 85,239p USDA/BLA-43
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Pesticide Programs.
Wheat, as our third most important cash plant is grown
on 60 to 80 million acres of land and is valued annually
at more than $9 billion. The 1839 literature citations
from AGRICOLA included in this bibliography repre-
sents the American articles devoted to all aspects of
crop protection since January 1980. Included are arti-
cles ranging from protection of seed to protection of
the stored product from diseases, nematodes, fertiliz-
ers, pesticides, other chemicals, and environmental
factors.
Keywords: "Protection, "Wheat, "Plant diseases, "Bib-
liographies, Plant reproduction, Seeds, Food storage,
Nematoda, Fertilizers, Pesticides, Environmental im-
pacts.
PB86-115722/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technical Support Staff.
Evaporative Emissions from the Fourteen Car
DOE (Department of Energy) Gasoline/Methanol
Blend Fleet. Technical rept.,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
H. E. Dietzmann, and C. A. Harvey. Jul 85,22p EPA/
AA/TSS/PA-85/3
Contract EPA-68-03-3192
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Ann
Arbor, Ml. Technical Support Staff.
The purpose of the report was to investigate the effect
on evaporative emissions of mileage accumulation
with a gasoline/methanoi/cosolvent splash blend
versus mileage accumulation with the base gasoline.
The test program was carried out under EPA contract
68-03-3192 with Southwest Research Institute. Evapo-
rative emission tests were conducted on a 14-vehicle
fleet undergoing driveability testing for the Department
of Energy at Southwest Research Institute. Seven ve-
hicles accumulated mileage on an unleaded control
fuel, and seven vehicles accumulated mileage on a
gasoline-alcohol blend containing four percent metha-
nol, two percent ethanol and two percent t-butyl alco-
hol (TBA). The results of the tests are summarized
within the report. Also included are recommendations
for additional research.
Keywords: "Evaporation control, "Air pollution control,
Methyl alcohol, Gasoline, Blends, Motor vehicles,
Tables(Data), "Evaporation canisters, Gasohol.
PB86-116407/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Flow Cytometry of Acridine Orange Stained
Sperm Is a Rapid and Practical Method for Moni-
toring Occupational Exposure to Genotoxicants,
South Dakota State Univ., Brookings.
D. P. Evenson. Oct 85,15p EPA/600/D-85/234
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Public awareness is growing concerning the reproduc-
tive consequences of the numerous environmental
and occupational chemicals. Exposure of germ cells
within the seminiferous tubules of the mammalian
testis to chemical toxins often causes severe perturba-
tion of cell growth, division and differentiation. Quanti-
tative and qualitative reduction of sperm may have ad-
verse consequences for fertility, and normality of fetus.
To detect toxic effects of chemical exposure on germ
cells, it is of prime importance to develop more sensi-
tive and practical methods by which putative alter-
ations in germ cells may be investigated. Previously
selected (Overstreet 1984) criteria for male reproduc-
tive risk assessment required the tests be (a) objec-
tive, (b) technically sound, (c) biologically stable, (d)
sensitive, and (e) feasible. Flow cytometric measure-
ment of acridine orange stained sperm meets all of
these criteria for monitoring occupational exposure to
genotoxicants. This conclusion is based on two inde-
pendent studies of sperm obtained from: (1) toxin ex-
posed mice, and (2) patients attending infertility and
cancer treatment clinics.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Reproduction(Biology), Fer-
tility, "Acridine orange, Flow cytometry. Toxic sub-
stances, Monitoring.
PB86-116415/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparative Potency Method for Cancer Risk As-
sessment: Application to the Quantitative Assess-
ment of the Contribution of Combustion Emis-
sions to Lung Cancer Risk,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. Lewtas. Oct 85, 10p EPA/600/D-85/238
Combustion sources emit soot particles containing
carcinogenic polycyclic organic compounds which are
mutagenic in short-term genetic bioassays in microbial
and mammalian cells and are tumorigenic in animals.
Although soot is considered to be a human carcino-
gen, soots from different combustion sources and
fuels contain variable quantities of organic tars of
somewhat different composition. This presents a seri-
ous problem when assessing risk since it is not possi-
ble to collect human cancer risk data for all the various
possible exposures to combustion emissions. Further-
more it is impossible to collect human cancer data for
exposures to emissions from new technologies which
have not previously been in the environment. The use
of chronic animal testing for each new combustion
technology developed would be prohibitively expen-
sive and time consuming. This problem has motivated
us to develop and test a comparative potency risk as-
sessment methodology which would utilize short-term
mutagenesis and tumorigenesis data.
Keywords: 'Malignant neoplasms, "Combustion prod-
ucts, Emissions, Bioassay, Polycyclic compounds,
Soot, Comparison, Risk assessments, Humans, Quan-
titative analysis, "Mutagenesis, Cancer.
PB86-116423/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Proposed Goal of Applied Aquatic Toxicology,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
C. E. Stephan. Oct 85, 9p EPA/600/D-85/230
It is proposed that 'A major goal of applied aquatic toxi-
cology is to be able to make a useful prediction con-
cerning whether or not a specific addition of a toxic
agent to a particular aquatic ecosystem will cause any
unacceptable effect on that ecosystem.' If this is a
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
valid goal, it is important to the future of applied aquat-
ic toxicology that biologists, ecologists, toxicologists
and others concerned with environmental manage-
ment reach some agreement concerning practical
ways of distinguishing between acceptable and unac-
ceptable effects on aquatic ecosystems.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, "Aquatic biology, 'Water pol-
lution, Ecology, Management, Environmental impacts,
Laboratories, Assessments, Ecosystems.
PB86-116522/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Guidance for Controlling Asbestos-Containing
Materials in Buildings: 1985 Edition,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Washington, DC.
D. L. Keyes, B. P. Price, and J. Chesson. Jun 85,112p*
EPA/560/5-85/024
Contract EPA-68-01-6721
Supersedes PB83-214924. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of
Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
The revised document provides EPA guidance on con-
trolling asbestos-containing materials found in build-
ings. The document (1) provides a current summary of
data on exposure to airborne asbestos, (2) survey pro-
cedures for determining if asbestos-containing materi-
al is present in buildings, (3) explains how to establish
a special operations and maintenance program in a
building found to contain asbestos, (4) reviews techni-
cal issues confronted when assessing the potential for
exposure to airborne asbestos, in particular indoor set-
tings, (5) suggests a structured process for selecting a
particular course of action given information on physi-
cal condition of the asbestos, exposure levels, assess-
ment methods, and abatement techniques, (6) sum-
marizes and updates information on applicability, ef-
fectiveness, and relative costs of alternative remedial
actions, (7) introduces and discusses criteria for deter-
mining successful asbestos control. The material pre-
sented is a summary of information and experience
gained by EPA through its Asbestos in Schools and
Buildings Program and by a wide spectrum of experts
in the field.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Construction materials, 'Build-
ings, "Environmental surveys, 'Schools, 'Guidelines,
Exposure, Revision, Air pollution control, Operation,
Maintenance, Operation, Public health. Industrial hy-
giene, Public buildings, Commercial buildings, "Toxic
substances, "Indoor air pollution, Occupational safetv
and health.
PB86-116530/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
System tor Measurement of Small Vibrations at
Material Interfaces Induced by Electrostrictive
Forces,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. S. Ali, and W. T. Joines. Oct 65,157p EPA/600/1-
85/021
The mechanisms of interaction of ELF and ELF-modu-
lated RF fields with biological systems is presently an
active area of research. Some models propose that
field-induced forces may influence certain observed bi-
ological effects such as RF hearing and calcium ion
efflux. To investigate the validity of the field-induced
force model for the calcium-ion efflux effect, a system
is needed which is capable of exposing samples to
ELF fields or to ELF-modulated RF fields. At the same
time the induced vibration caused by the forces of
electrostriction must be monitored preferably by a non-
contacting method. A microwave phase-sensitive re-
ceiver was designed to sense the small vibrations.
Limitations on the receiver sensitivity imposed by
phase noise is discussed. Phase noise measurement
systems were designed and used to characterize the
key receiver components. A limiting amplifier in the IF
section of the receiver eliminates the need for knowl-
edge of the reflection coefficient of the object of inter-
est for quantitative vibration measurements.
Keywords: "Electrostriction, 'Vibration, "Radio fre-
quencies, Electrical properties, Measurement, Interac-
tions, Models, 'Biological systems.
PB86-116548/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
460 Vol. 90, No. 24
Monte Carlo Simulation of Two-Particle Relative
Diffusion Using Eulerian Statistics: Extended Ab-
stract,
Los Alamos National Lab., NM.
J. T. Lee, G. L. Stone, R. E. Lawson, and M. Shipman.
Oct 85,8p EPA/600/D-85/231
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
A Monte Carlo technique for the simulation of two-par-
ticle relative diffusion is developed using the Eulerian
statistical properties of the turbulence. Numerical re-
sults are presented which clarify the role of interparti-
cle velocity correlations and reveal the importance of
an Eulerian parameter that is not present in Lagran-
gian theories of relative diffusion. Data on the absolute
diffusion and meandering of a plume in a field of grid-
generated wind tunnel turbulence are presented.
These data are in good agreement with the Monte
Carlo simulations.
Keywords: 'Monte Carlo methods, "Particles, 'Air pol-
lution, 'Mathematical models, "Turbulent flow,
Sources, Plumes, Transport properties, Sources, "At-
mospheric diffusion, "Tracer studies.
PB86-116555/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Regional Deposition of Inhaled Monodlsperse
Coarse and Fine Aerosol Particles In Small Labo-
ratory Animals,
California Univ., Davis.
O. G. Raabe, M. A. Al-Bavati, S. V. Teague, and A.
Rasolt. Oct 85,20p EPA/600/D-85/239
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The regional deposition of inhaled monodisperse in-
soluble particles of about 1, 3, 5, and 10 micrometers
in activity median aerodynamic diameter was meas-
ured in four small rodent species including CF1 mice,
golden Syrian hamsters, Fischer 344 rats and Hartley
guinea pigs and in New Zealand rabbits. Near mono-
disperse aerosols of about 0.05 micrometers activity
median diffusive diameter were also studied. The five
species are commonly utilized in inhalation toxicology
research. Monodisperse aerosols of fused aiuminostli-
cate particles labeled with radioactive 169Yb were
generated utilizing a modified vibrating liquid stream
generator, reduced to Boltzmann charge equilibrium
with a 85Kr discharge device, concentrated with a cen-
tripeter stage, fused in a 1200C quartz tube furnace,
and delivered to a specially designed nose-only expo-
sure system suitable for use with coarse particles as
large as 10 micrometers. Twenty unanaesthetized ani-
mals (eight rabbits) were exposed simultaneously for
up to 45 minutes to each aerosol particle size.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, 'Toxicology, Laboratory ani-
mals, Rodents, Respiratory system, Dosage, "Particu-
lates, "Air pollution effects(Animals), Labeled sub-
stances.
PB86-116571/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Assessing the Blodegradatlon of Sediment Asso-
ciated Chemicals,
Environmental Research Lab., Gull Breeze, FL.
P. H. Pritchard. Oct 85,54p EPA/600/D-85/233
Investigations of the fate of xenobiotlc chemicals in
laboratory systems that accommodate the microbial
ecology of sediments are described. These systems
permit examination of biochemical activities in the
sediment bed with particular emphasis at the sedi-
ment-water interface. Sediment may contain thou-
sands of microcommunities, each containing the same
genotypic array of metabolic potential. Each communi-
ty, however, will demonstrate, depending on the sur-
rounding conditions, a certain pnenotypic response
that reflects a small portion of its total metabolic po-
tential.
Keywords: "Sediments, "Biodeterioration. "Chemical
compounds, "Water pollution, Assessments, Ecology,
Biochemistry, Metabolism, Nutrients, Experimental
design, Microorganisms, Pesticides, "Sediment water
interfaces, Biological processes, Path of pollutants.
PB86-116621/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Soil Physicochemlcal Parameters Affecting Metal
Availability In Sludge-Amended Soils. Final rept
1978-82,
Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge. Center for Wet-
land Resources.
R. P. Gambrell, W. H. Patrick, S. L. Landes, and C. N.
Reddy. Oct 85,113p EPA/600/2-85/123
Grant EPA-R-805789
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
A series of laboratory studies was conducted to deter-
mine the effects of soil pH and redox potential onlevels
of trace metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, and As) in se-
lected chemical forms and their availability to plants.
This research demonstrates the important effects of
soil redox potential conditions in regulating the chemi-
cal mobility and plant availability of Zn and Cd, two key
contaminants in sludge materials that may be applied
to soils. Where alternatives exist for disposal of con-
taminated sludge, wet or poorly oxidized soils would be
more effective in immobilizing Zn and Cd, and applica-
tion to these soils would result in less accumulation of
these metals in most crops or plants in uncultivated
habitats. Chemical availability and plant uptake studies
under controlled pH and redox potential conditions in-
dicated various organic phases predominant in retain-
ing Cu under reducing conditions.
Keywords: "Metals, "Sludge disposal, "Soil properties,
pH, Plants(Botany), Trace elements, Copper, Zinc,
Lead(Metal), Oxidation reduction reactions, Cadmium.
PB86-116829/HSU	Mag Tape $95.00
ENPART: Environmental Partitioning Model. Soft-
ware,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
D. Kaufman, and R. Kinerson. 1985, mag tape EPA/
SW/MT-86/003
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. Call NTIS
Computer Products if you have questions.
ENPART is designed to perform a first level screening
analysis from a minimum of chemical specific input
data. The model is based on the fugacity approach to
environmental partitioning...Software Description: The
program is written in the FORTRAN programming lan-
guage lor implementation a DEC VAX 11 /80 computer
using the VMS 4.1 operating system. 256K bytes of
core storage are required to operate the model.
Keywords: "Software, "Mathematical models, "Envi-
ronmental surveys, 'Chemical compounds, Magnetic
tapes. Chemical properties, 'Toxic substances, Envi-
ronmental partitioning models.
PB86-117017/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Quantitative Cancer Risk Assessment Methodolo-
gy Using Short-Term Qenetlc Bioassays: The
Comparative Potency Method,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park NC
J. Le'wtas. Oct 85,17p EPA/600/D-8S/237
Quantitative risk assessment is fraught with many un-
certainties. The validity of the assumptions underlying
the methods employed are often difficult to test or vali-
date. Cancer risk assessment has generally employed
either human epidemiological data from relatively high
occupational exposures or animal cancer data from
lifetime rodent bioassays. Low-dose extrapolation
methods are often used with the human epidemiologi-
cal data to estimate risks at lower environmental expo-
sure levels. Scaling factors are used with animal data
to extrapolate from rodents to humans. The problems,
controversies, and uncertainties associated with these
methodologies has encouraged us to develop the con-
cept and methodology associated with a comparative
potency method for cancer risk assessment. This com-
parative potency method may be particularly appropri-
ate for application to the quantitative cancer risk as-
sessment of combustion emissions.
Keywords: "Bioassay, 'Malignant neoplasms, Com-
parison, Assessments, Risk, Quantitative analysis
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-117033/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of the Riley Stoker Corporation Dis-
tributed Mixing Burner. Final rept. 9 Aug 83,
Riley Stoker Corp., Worcester, MA.
R. Usauskas, A. Abele, F. Jones, and R. Payne. Oct
85,100p EPA/600/7-85/045
Contract EPA-68-02-3916
Prepared in cooperation with Energy and Environmen-
tal Research Corp., Irvine, CA, Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report gives results of an evaluation of the NOx
performance and sulfur capture potential of a Riley
Stoker Corporation low-NOx distributed mixing burner.
The performance of the full-scale single burner was
verified over typical boiler operating ranges of load and
excess air. Combustion efficiency was acceptable, and
measured NOx emissions were well below New
Source Performance Standards. (The reduction of
NOx, SOx, and particulate emissions from utility and in-
dustrial boilers has been a high priority concern of the
U.S. EPA and all of the major Boiler burner manufactur-
ers. As part of EPA's program, the Limestone Injection
into a Multistage Burner (LIMB) is aimed at these pol-
lutants.)
Keywords: "Stokers, "Nitrogen oxides, 'Burners, "Air
pollution control. Performance evaluation. Combustion
efficiency. Combustion products, Industrial wastes.
Sulfur dioxide. Design criteria, Electric power plants.
Sulfur oxides, Particles, "Distributed mixing burners,
"Low nitrogen oxides concentration firing systems,
Limestone injection multistage burners.
PB86-117041/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy EngineeringResearch Lab.
Formation and Control of NO Emissions from
Coal-Fired Spreader-Stoker Boilers,
Utah Univ., Salt Lake City. Dept. of Chemical Engineer-
ing.
G. P. Starley, D. M. Slaughter, J. M. Munro, D. W.
Pershing, and G. B. Martin. Oct 85,34p EPA/600/D-
85/247
Grant EPA-R-805899
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper describes results of a study on the forma-
tion and control of nitrogen oxide (NO) in coal-fired
spreader-stoker systems. (Stoker-coal-fired furnaces
are significant in terms of coal consumption and envi-
ronmental impact: however, they have received little
research attention.) Three scales of experimental
equipment were used to define the evolution and oxi-
dation of fuel nitrogen in the fuel suspension phase,
the conversion of fuel nitrogen during fixed-bed com-
bustion, and the coupling between the two combustion
phases. Results indicate that NO emissions from
spreader-stoker coal-fired furnaces are the result of
relatively high conversions of fuel nitrogen evolved
from particles of <0.1 in. diameter in the suspension
phase and low conversion of fuel nitrogen during fixed-
bed combustion.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Nitrogen oxide(NO),
"Stoker, Boilers, Stoichiometry, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Oxidation, Nitrogen oxides,
Sulfur oxides, Concentration(Composition), Combus-
tion, Reaction kinetics, Stationary sources.
PB86-1170S8/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Pilot Plant Study of the Effect of a Surface Elec-
tric Field on Fabric Filter Operation,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. W. VanOsdell, D. A. Furlong, and L. S. Hovis. Oct
85,21p EPA/600/D-85/242
Contract EPA-68-02-3186
Prepared in cooperation with ETS, Inc., Roanoke, VA.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper gives results of a pilot plant study of electro-
statically augmented fabric filtration (ESFF) to transfer
laboratory technology to the field environment. (Note:
Electrostatic fields at the fabric surface of fabric dust
collectors have been observed in the laboratory to
reduce the flow resistance of the collected dust and to
reduce the dust penetration into the fabric.) Conclu-
sions include: (1) using an electric field parallel to the
fabric surface, without particle charging, to enhance
fabric filter operation is operable at pilot scale (the pilot
plant operated on flue gas from an industrial boiler); (2)
the electrical hardware developed for the pulse-
cleaned baghouse is workable and durable in the oper-
ating environment and has potential for commercial
use; (3) at any given face velocity, the ESFF baghouse
has a reduced residual pressure drop and a reduced
rate of pressure drop increase when compared with a
conventional fabric filter; (4) the pulse-cleaned ESFF
baghouse could be operated in a stable fashion at filter
face velocities up to about twice that at which the con-
ventional baghouse was stable; and (5) the pilot unit
results are consistent with dust cake expansion and
lowered porosity due to a tendency to form dendritic
structures as the dust cake collects.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Electric
fields, Dust control. Pilot plants, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Air filters, Performance evalua-
tion, Design criteria, Particles, "Fabric filters, "Electro-
static fabric filters, Baghouses.
PB86-117157/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Operational and Environmental Impacts of Closed
Cycle Cooling Systems,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
T. G. Brna. Oct 85, 32p EPA/600/D-85/249
The paper gives results of a study of operational and
environmental impacts of closed cooling systems,
used for about a quarter of the nation's steam-electric
generating capacity. Conclusions relating to operation-
al impacts include: (1) closed cycle cooling leads to in-
creased power plant heat rates relative to an open
cycle cooling system, but is finding increased applica-
tion at power plants in order to meet environmental or
siting constraints (the wet cooling tower is the most
often selected closed cycle cooling system); and (2)
closed cycle cooling systems are more costly, in terms
of both capital and annualized costs, than open cycle
cooling (wet cooling towers are usually the least costly
closed cycle cooling system, while dry cooling towers
are the most expensive).
Keywords: "Cooling systems, "Electrical power plants,
"Water pollution control, Steam electric power genera-
tion, Aquatic biology, Thermodynamics, Cooling
towers, Cost analysis, Heal recovery, Water reclama-
tion.
PB86-117165/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Aquatic Organisms in Acidic Environments: A Lit-
erature Review,
Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources, Madison.
J. M. Eilers, G.J. Lien, and R. G. Berg. Oct 85,23p TB-
150, EPA/600/D-85/263
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Acid deposition has aroused concern about aquatic or-
ganisms in soft water lakes and streams, as the loss of
indigenous species is commonly observed when pH
decreases. This literature review was initiated to inten-
sively examine the distribution of invertebrates with re-
spect to pH, in order to define the tolerance limits of
various species in acidified waters and predict how
acidification would alter distributions.
Keywords: "Invertebrates, "Acidity, "Lakes, 'Water
pollution, pH, Tolerartces(Physiology), Spatial distribu-
tion, Monitoring, "Acid precipitation.
PB86-117207	Not available NTIS
Effects of Pollution on Freshwater Organisms.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
T. H. Roush, G. L. Phipps, D. L. Spehar, C. E. Stephen,
and Q. H. Pikering. C1985,34p EPA/600/J-85/189
Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation, v57 n6
p667-699 Jun 85.
The 1984 world literature on the effects of pollution on
freshwater fish, amphibians, invertebrates and plants
was reviewed. The effects of physical pollutants such
as pH, and dissolved gases and organic and inorganic
chemical pollutants are included. The review contains
many references from reviews, symposia and journal
articles.
Keywords: "Ecology, "Fresh water fishes, "Water pol-
lution, Amphibia, Invertebrates, Plants(Botany), pH,
Dissolved gases, Organic compounds, Inorganic com-
pounds, Reprints.
PB86-117215	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Differential Toxicity and Uptake of Two Fenvaler-
ate Formulations in Fathead Minnows, 'Pime-
phales promelas'. Journal article,
Iowa State Univ., Ames.
S. P. Bradbury, J. R. Coats, and J. M. McKim. c1985,
10p EPA/600/J-85/187
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth,
MN.
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v4
p533-541 1985.
The influence of the commercial emulsifier on the
acute toxicity and uptake of fenvalerate ((R.S)-a-
cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl(R,S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-
methylbutyrate), a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, by
fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) was exam-
ined. Flow-through acute toxicity testing with meas-
ured concentrations of technical-grade fenvalerate
and a 30% active ingredient emulsifiable concentrate
(EC) of the insecticide was conducted. Steady-state
LC50 values were reached by 72 and 120 to 168 h, re-
spectively, in tests with technical-grade and EC formu-
lations of this insecticide. Initially, technical-grade fen-
valerate was more toxic; the 96-h LC50s for technical-
grade fenvalerate and the EC were 0.69 and 0.99 mi-
crograms/!, respectively. By 168 h, an LC50 of 0.75
micrograms/1 was determined for the EC, indicating
that tne incipient lethalities of the two formulations
were similar. (Copyright (c) 1985 SETAC.)
Keywords: "Insecticides, "Toxicity, "Minnows, "Water
pollution, Butyrates, Emulsifying agents,
Concentration(Composition), Exposure. Mortality, Sur-
vival, Tests, Reprints, "Pimephales promelas, Fathead
minnows, Fenvalerate, Pesticide residues.
PB86-117223	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park NC
Effects of Postnatal Trlmethyltln or Trlethyltin
Treatment of CNS Catecholamine, GABA (Gamma-
Amlnobutyrlc Acid), and Acetylcholine Systems in
the Rat. Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Medi-
cine.
R. B. Mailman, M. R. Krigman, G. D. Frye, and I. Hanin.
C1983,9p EPA/600/J-83/310
Grant EPA-R-809644
Prepared in cooperation with Pittsburgh Univ., PA.
School of Medicine. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in Jnl. of Neurochemistry 40, n5 p1423-1429
1983.
The effects on brain neurochemistry of two neurotoxic
tin compounds, trimethyltin (TMT) hydroxide and trieth-
yltin (TET) sulfate, were examined. Long-Evans rats
were treated with TMT hydroxide (1 mg/kg, i.p.) on al-
ternate days from day 2 to 29 of life. These treatments
caused a weight deficit of 10-20% by the time the ani-
mals were killed on day 55 by head-focused micro-
wave irradiation. These TMT treatments are known to
cause severe neuronal loss in the hippocampus and
lesser damage in other brain regions. (Copyright (c)
1983 International Society for Neurochemistry.)
Keywords: "Tin, "Toxicity, "Brain, Rats, Neuroche-
mistry, Damage, Hippocampus, Ammino compounds,
Butyric acid, Metabolism, Behavior, Reprints, Trimeth-
yltin sulfate, Trimethyltin hydroxide, Dopamine.
PB86-117231	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Trimethyltin on Dopaminergic and Ser-
otonergic Function In the Central Nervous
System. Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Medi-
D. L. DeHaven, T. J. Walsh, and R.B. Mailman. C1984,
9p EPA/600/J-84/328
Grant EPA-R-809644
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park. NC.
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 75,
p182-189 1984.
The effects of trimethyltin (TMT) administration on re-
gional concentrations of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-
HT), and their metabolites were determined. Acute ad-
ministration of 3 or 7 mg/kg TMT (as the chloride) to
adult male Long-Evans rats caused alterations in both
dopaminergic and serotonergic function in brain at 7
days posttreatment. Dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxy-
phenylacetic acid (DOPAC) concentrations were de-
creased in the nucleus accumbens of rats treated with
7 mg/kg, with a trend occurring with the 3-mg/kg dose
group. Conversely, concentrations of DA or DOPAC
were not altered in striatum, olfactory tubercle,
septum, or amygdala/pyriform cortex. Administration
of 3 mg/kg TMT decreased the concentration of sero-
tonin in striatum and nucleus accumbens, and in-
creased the concentration of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic
acid (5-HIAA) in hippocampus. The 7-mg/kg dose re-
sulted in increased concentrations of 5-HIAA in stria-
tum, nucleus accumbens, septum, amygdala/pyriform
cortex, and hippocampus, and also decreased the
concentration of 5-HT only in amygdala/pyriform
cortex.
Keywords: "Central nervous system, "Toxicology,
Brain, Dopamine, Serotonin, Rats, Laboratory animals,
Reprints, Tin/trimethyl, Metabolites.
PB86-117249	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Comparative Toxicity of Ten Organic Chemicals
to Ten Common Aquatic Species. Journal article,
Montana State Univ., Bozeman. Fisheries Bioassay
Lab.
R. V. Thurston, T. A. Gilfoil, E. L. Meyn, R. K. Zajdel,
and T. I. Aoki. c1985,13p EPA/600/J-85/188
Grants EPA-R-807240, EPA-R-809478
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth,
MN.
Pub. in Water Research, v19 n9 p1145-1155 1985.
The susceptibilities of 10 aquatic organisms to 10 or-
ganic chemicals were determined using lethality tests.
The species included six fishes, two crustaceans, a
chironomid and an amphibian. The chemicals were se-
lected to span the toxicity range from 26 g/1 to 1 mi-
crogram/1 and include chemicals which were lethal by
four modes of toxic action. There was no consistent
relative susceptibility among the test species because
the sensitivity to specific modes of toxic action varied
among the chemicals. Nonetheless, the toxicities of
the chemicals to any given species were highly corre-
lated to the toxicities to other species, particularly
among fishes. The 96-h median lethal concentration
(LC50) of the chemicals to rainbow trout (Salmo gaird-
neri) could be estimated from the 96-h LC50 with fat-
head minnows (Pimephales promelas) with a correla-
tion coefficient greater than 0.99. Equations for esti-
mating the lethal concentration of chemicals with each
species from the 96-h LC50 for fathead minnows are
presented. (Copyright (c) 1985 Pergamon Press Ltd.)
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Organic compounds, "Aquatic
animals, "Water pollution, Tolerances(Physiology),
Trout,	Minnows,	Mortality,
Concentration(Composition), Mathematical models,
Crustacea, Reprints,
tions listed. Regional options are explored using these
equations as the basis for analysis.
Keywords: "Water treatment, "Ground water, "Surface
water, Cost analysis, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Potable water, Reprints, "Granular activat-
ed carbon treatment, Numerical solution.
PB86-117264	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Morphological and Physiological Studies of Rat
Kidney Cortex Slices Undergoing Isosmotic
Swelling and Its Reversal: A Possible Mechanism
for Ouabain-Resistant Control of Cell Volume.
Journal article,
Rome Univ. (Italy). 1st. di Patologia Generale.
M. A. Russo, S. A. Ernst, S. C. Kapoor, and G. D. V. van
Rossum. c1985,25p EPA/600/J-85/183
Grant EPA-R-806616
Prepared in cooperation with Michigan Univ., Ann
Arbor. Medical School, and Temple Univ., Philadel-
phia, PA. School of Medicine. Sponsored by Health Ef-
fects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in Jnl. of Membrane Biology 85, p1 -24 1985.
Slices of rat kidney cortex were induced to swell by
preincubation at 1C in an isotonic Ringer's solution,
and their capacity to reverse swelling, by net extrusion
of cellular water, was studied during subsequent incu-
bation at 25C. The recovery from swelling was pre-
vented by the respiratory inhibitor, antimycin A. On the
other hand, extrusion of water was little affected by
ouabain. The extrusion of water continuing in the pres-
ence of ouabain (but not that in its absence) was sig-
nificantly reduced when furosemide was added or
when medium CI- was replaced by NO-3 or I-. There
was substantial variability in the morphological appear-
ance of cells within the cortical slices.
Keywords: "Ceils(Biology), "Kidney, Rats, Laboratory
animals, Morphology, Ouabain, Reprints.
PB86-117272	Not available NTIS
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
Hatch Weight Selection: Effect on Post-Hatch
Growth in the Japanese Quail 'Coturnix coturnlx
japonlca'. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. W. Laskey, and F. W. Edens. C1985,7p EPA/600/J-
85/182
Sponsored by North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
Pub. in Comparative Biochemical Physiology 82A, n1
p101-104 Sep 85.
The post-hatch growth of Japanese quail, weight se-
lected at hatch, was investigated, the quail were
grouped according to hatch weight. Group III quail
were 25 and 12% heavier at hatching than Group I and
II quails, respectively, and reached a mature body
weight which was 38 and 12% heavier than Group I
and II quails, respectively. Gompertz growth param-
eters were not different in any of the groups. Feed and
water consumption (g/kg body weight) rates were not
significantly different among the three groups.
Keywords: "Growth, "Poultry, "Birds, Selection,
Weight(Mass), Feeding stuffs, Water consumption,
Maturation, Statistical analysis, Tables(Data), Re-
prints, "Coxturnix coturnix, Japanese quail.
PB86-117256	Not available NTIS
Optimizing GAC (Granular Activated Carbon) Sys-
tems. Journal article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
R. M. Clark. C1983, 20p EPA/600/J-83/322
Pub. in American Society of Civil Engineers Jnl. of En-
vironmental Engineering 109, n1 p139-156 Feb 83.
Granular activated carbon (GAC) is an effective tech-
nique for removing synthetic organics from both
ground and surface waters. Questions have been
raised, however, over the cost of using GAC in this
manner. To provide insight into these cost issues, the
Drinking Water Research Division has developed a
series of cost curves for various unit processes includ-
ing those related to GAC. This paper presents a modi-
fication of these cost curves into continuous analytic
equations. These equations can be used to estimate
unit costs for various treatment configurations. Sensi-
tivity analysis can be performed and design configura-
PB86-117322	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Chemistry and Aquatic Toxicity of Raw Oil Shale
Leachates from Plceance Basin, Colorado. Journal
article,
Wyoming Univ., Laramie.
J. S. Meyer, D. A. Sanchez, J. A. Brookman, D. B.
McWhorter, and H. L. Bergman. C1985,16p EPA/600/
J-85/196
Prepared in cooperation with Colorado State Univ.,
Fort Collins. Dept. of Agricultural and Chemical Engi-
neering. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-
Duluth, MN.
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v4
p559-572 1985.
Leachates were collected during the period of 1981 to
1983 from several depths in two surface piles of raw,
mined oil shale in the Piceance Basin of northwest Col-
orado. Although both piles were subject to similar cli-
matic conditions, the composition of major inorganic
462 Vol. 90, No. 24
ions in the leachates differed considerably because of
different shale compositions. The study demonstrated
that toxic mechanisms occurring within complex chem-
ical mixtures cannot always be identified on the basis
of single-compound toxicity values, and that reconsti-
tuted mixtures of principal chemical components are
useful in identifying toxicants and their interactions
with other mixture constituents.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Piceance Basin, Colorado,
Chemistry, Water pollution, Reprints, "Oil shale, Lea-
chates.
PB86-117330	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Fish Subchronic Toxicity Prediction Model for In-
dustrial Organic Chemicals that Produce Narco-
sis. Journal article,
Wisconsin Univ.-Superior. Center for Lake Superior
Environmental Studies.
D. J. Call, L. T. Brooke, M. L. Knuth, S. H. Poirier, and
M. D. Hoglund. C1985, 8p EPA/600/J-85/197
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth,
MN.
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v4
p335-341 1985.
A model based on partition coefficient was developed
for predicting subchronic toxicities of selected chemi-
cals to fish. Early life stage tests were conducted
under flow-through conditions using fathead minnows
(Pimephales promelas) as test organisms. Embryos,
larvae and juveniles were continuously exposed to
chemicals for a total of 31 to 33 d. Test endpoints in-
cluded egg hatchability, incidence of developmental
abnormalities, survival and growth. The 'chronic value'
for each test was a point estimate of the maximum ac-
ceptable toxicant concentration (MATC), and was de-
termined as the geometric mean of the highest test
concentration producing no effect and the lowest con-
centration significantly (p< or=0.05) affecting one or
more endpoints. (Copyright (c) 1985 SETAC.)
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Minnows, "Toxicity,
"Water pollution, Narcosis, Industrial wastes, Halogen
organic compounds, Concentration(Composition),
Chlorobenzenes, Exposure, Larvae, Embryos, Surviv-
al, Growth, Abnormalities, Mathematical models, Re-
prints.
PB86-117348	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Anthracene Bloconcentratlon In Rainbow Trout
during Single-Compound and Complex-Mixture
Exposures. Journal article,
Wyoming Univ., Laramie.
G. Under, H. L. Bergman, and J. S. Meyer. c1985,11p
EPA/600/J-85/198
Grant EPA-R-808671
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth,
MN.
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v4
P549-558 1985.
Rainbow trout were exposed for 72 h to
(14C)anthracene alone and (14C)anthracene in an oil
shale retort water. Tissue levels of (l4C)anthracene
were analyzed at 24, 48 and 72 h to determine non-
steady-state bioconcentration factors (BCFs), and
uptake and depuration rates were calculated from an-
thracene disappearance in exposure waters and meta-
bolite appearance in depuration waters. Uptake rates
(14.6 to 16.9/h) were similar to previously reported
values; however, depuration rates (0.00158 to
0.00188/h) were very low. Consequently, measured
non-steady-state BCFs after 72 h (9,000 to 9,200) for
anthracene were higher than expected, probably be-
cause fish were not fed and had low excretion rates
Measured and estimated anthracene BCFs were lower
in retort water exposures than in single-compound ex-
posures because of slower uptake and faster depura-
tion. {Copyright (c) 1985 SETAC.)
Keywords: "Complex compounds, "Anthracene, "An-
thracene compounds. "Trout, "Water pollution, Indus-
trial wastes, Mixtures, Reaction kinetics, Aromatic do.
lycyclic hydrocarbons. Agricultural wastes. Metabo-
lism, Exposure, Oil shale, Reprints, "Retort water, Mu-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-117355	Not available NTIS
Respiratory and Behavioral Responses of the
Grass Shrimp 'Palaemonetes pugio' to Cadmium
and Reduced Dissolved Oxygen. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narraaansett, Rl.
M. Hutcheson, D. C. Miller, and A. Q. White. c1985,9p
ERLN-351, EPA/600/J-85/199
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Research
Lab., Johns Island, SC. Bears Bluff Field Station.
Pub. in Marine Biology 88, p59-66 1985.
Adult grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) were collect-
ed during July and August, 1973, and exposed for 48-
hr periods to a series of sublethal cadmium (Cd) con-
centrations: 0.1 and 0.56 mg/l for metabolic studies;
and 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0,3, 0.56 mg/l for locomotor stud-
ies. Treatment effects were tested singly and in combi-
nation at selected dissolved oxygen (DO) concentra-
tions ranging from near saturation to 0.8 mg/l. Shrimp
not exposed to Cd exhibited metabolic regulation be-
tween 6.5 and 4.6 mg DO/I, with progressively lower
02 consumption rates at lower DO concentrations.
Oxygen consumption of Cd-exposed shrimp was sup-
pressed overall relative to the non-Cd treated shrimp,
and with one exception, the magnitude of metabolic
suppression directly corresponded to Cd concentra-
tion. Locomotor activity of non-Cd exposed shrimp
was relatively independent of DO concentration down
to 2.8mg DO/I and became significantly suppressed at
1,8mg DO/I and below. (Copyright (c) Springer-Veriag
1985.)
Keywords: "Cadmium, "Oxygen, "Shrimps, "Toxicity,
"Water pollution, Dissolved gases, Exposure, Animal
behavior, Metabolism, Respiration, Reprints, "Palae-
monetes pugio, Grass shrimp, Locomotion.
PB86-117363	Not available NTIS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Sorption and Transport of Hydrophobic Organic
Chemicals in Aqueous and Mixed Solvent Sys-
tems: Model Development and Preliminary Evalua-
tion. Journal article,
Florida Univ., Gainesville.
P. S. C. Rao, A. G. Hornsby, D. P. Kilcrease, and P.
Nkedi-Kizza. C1985, 9p EPA/600/J-85/201
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality, v14 n3 p376-383
Mar 85.
A theoretical approach, based upon the assumption of
predominance of solvophobic interactions, was formu-
lated to quantitatively describe the sorption and trans-
port of hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOC) from
aqueous and aqueous-organic-solvent mixtures. In the
theoretical approach, solvent-sorbate interactions
(solubility) are specifically considered in order to pre-
dict sorbate-sorbent interactions (sorption). For HOC
sorption from a single solvent, the HOC sorption coef-
ficient was shown to increase loglinearly with the hy-
drocarbonaceous surface area (HSA) of the sorbate.
For HOC sorption from aqueous-organic binary solvent
mixtures, the sorption coefficient is predicted to de-
crease exponentially as the fraction of organic cosol-
vent increases. This is a direct consequence of in-
creased HOC solubility in the binary solvent. Because
sorption and mobility of HOC are inversely related, a
decrease in sorption coefficient leads to an enhanced
HOC mobility as the fraction of organic cosolvent is in-
creased. A preliminary verification of the theory was
performed by an analysis of published data for (i) HOC
sorption by soils and sediments from water, (ii) HOC
retention by reversed-phase chromatographic sor-
bents during isocratic elution with methanol-water
binary solvent mixture, and (iii) HOC mobility on soil-
TLC plates eluted with ethanol-water mixtures.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, "Mathematical
models, "Sorption, "Transport properties, "Environ-
mental surveys, "Water pollution, Solvents, Solubility,
Sediments, Soil analysis, Reprints, "Land disposal,
"Hydrophobic organic chemicals.
PB86-117371/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Advanced Electrostatic Enhancement of Fabric
Filtration,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. B. Mosley, L. S. Hovis, N. Plaks, T. Yamamoto, and
A. S. Viner. Oct 85, 25p EPA/600/D-85/267
Grant EPA-R-812281
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper discusses laboratory and pilot plant studies
of a modification of the U.S. EPA's Electrically Stimu-
lated Fabric Filtration (ESFF) method in which corona
voltage on a center-wire electrode replaces the sub-
corona electrodes at the bag surface. The electric field
which affects enhancement results from the high po-
tential maintained on the center wire. The mechanism
that supports the observed increase in gas flow con-
sistent with the theoretical model involves the nonuni-
form deposition of the charged dust as a result of
forces exerted on the particles in the electric field per-
pendicular to the bag. Laboratory results show an ex-
tremely low rate of pressure drop increase during the
filtration cycle, only 10-30% of the rate associated with
conventional reverse-air fabric filtration. Pilot plant
data indicate a corresponding increase in flow through
electrified bags. The rudiments of a mathematical
model for describing the electrical deposition of the
dust are presented.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Particles,
"Dust control, Experimental design, Pilot plants, Indus-
trial wastes, Combustion products, Electrodes, Per-
formance evaluation, Electric corona, Air filters, "Elec-
trostatic fabric filters, Fabric filters.
PB86-117389	Not available NTIS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Characterization of Subsurface Bacteria Associat-
ed with Two Shallow Aquifers in Oklahoma. Jour-
nal article,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Dept. of Biological
Science
D. L. Baikwill, and W. C. Ghiorse. C1985,11p EPA/
600/J-85/203
Prepared in cooperation with Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v50
n3 p580-588 Sep 85.
The bacterial microflora of two shallow aquifers in
Oklahoma was characterized by direct observation
with light (LM) and electron microscopy (EM), by plat-
ing, and by examination of colony morphology and dis-
tribution. Total cell counts varied only slightly from
sample to sample, whereas colony counts varied
widely. Colony counts on nutritionally-rich (NR) media
were lower than on low-nutrient (LN) media, especially
in samples from the saturated zone. The variety of
colony types growing on NR media depth decreased
with depth. Cell morphologies of bacteria grown aero-
bically on plates included short rods, cocci, and actino-
mycete-like forms. Direct LM observation of sediments
revealed short, rod-shaped and coccoid bacterial
cells. EM observation of bacteria released from the
samples revealed that 85-90% of them were coccoid,
Gram-positive, Arthrobacter-like organisms some of
which were dividing or contained completed division
septa. (Copyright (c) 1985, American Society for
Microbiology.)
Keywords: "Bacteria, "Aquifers, Electron microscopy,
Cells(Biology), Counting methods, Cell morphology,
Aerobic processes, Arthrobactes, Actiniomycetales.
PB86-117397/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Body Temperature-Dependent and Independent
Actions of Chlordimeform on Visual Evoked Po-
tentials and Axonal Transport in Optic System of
Rat,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
W. K. Boyes, S. Padilla, and R. S. Dyer. 1985,9p EPA/
600/J-85/204
Pub. in Neuropharmacology, v24 n8 p743-749 Aug 85.
Pattern reversal evoked potentials (PREPs), flash
evoked potentials (FEPs), optic nerve axonal trans-
port, and body temperature were measured in hooded
rats treated with either saline or the formamidine in-
secticide/acaricide, chlordimeform (CDM). Rats re-
ceiving CDM had low body temperatures when housed
at standard laboratory room temperature, 22C, but not
at 30C. FEP peak latencies were prolonged by CDM at
22C, but not at 30C. The rate of axonal transport was
slowed in CDM-treated hypothermic rats, but not in
CDM-treated warmed rats. These findings suggest that
the FEP and optic nerve axonal transport changes pro-
duced by CDM were a secondary consequence of
hypothermia. In contrast, CDM produced increased
PREP peak latencies and peak-to-peak amplitudes
which were independent of body temperature. These
findings confirm and extend previous reports of CDM-
induced hypothermia, emphasize the importance of
body temperature changes as a possible confounding
factor in studies of neuroactive agents, and demon-
strate that CDM has both body-temperature depend-
ent and independent actions in the rat visual system.
Keywords: "Body temperature, "Pesticides, Rats,
Hypothermia, Reprints, "Chlordimeform, Evoked re-
sponses, Axonal transport.
PB86-117405/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Measurements of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocar-
bons In Ambient Air Particulates In Northern New
England,
Dartmouth Coll., Hanover, NH. Dept. of Chemistry.
J. F. Hornig, A. Barefoot, C. Parravano, and R. H.
Soderberg. Oct 85,17p EPA/600/D-85/248
Prepared in cooperation with State Univ. of New York
Coll. at Purchase. Dept. of Chemistry. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper gives results of measuring polycyclic aro-
matic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ambient air particulates
in Northern New England. Standard high-volume filter
samples of ambient-air particulates were collected
during several heating seasons in a semi-rural village,
a rural area, and in residential and institutional neigh-
borhoods in a small town in New Hampshire where
wood is an important residential fuel. Extensive devel-
opment work on extraction and cleanup schemes re-
sulted in a reasonably convenient and reproducible
procedure based on extraction of the filters with cyclo-
hexane using ultrasonic agitation, chromatography on
silica gel, and extraction of the PAH fraction into di-
methylsulfoxide. Concentrations of 13 PAHs were de-
termined by high performance liquid chromatography
and by gas chromatography using both flame ioniza-
tion and mass spectrometric detection. During 2
weeks of intensive sampling in late January 1982, the
rural site showed the lowest PAH concentration, with
Benz(a)pyrene (BaP) averaging about 1 microgram/cu
m, compared to about 3 microgram/cu m in residential
Hanover, NH. However, the variations in both the con-
centrations of individual PAHs among sites and the
variations in the relative concentrations of the different
PAHs were surprisingly small. Both the total suspend-
ed particulates and the PAH concentrations corre-
spond well with the degree-day weather.
Keywords: "Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, "Parti-
cles, "Air pollution control, "Chemical analysis, Aero-
sols, Concentration(Composition), Residential build-
ings, Wood, Chromatographic analysis, Mass spec-
troscopy, Sampling, "Air pollution detection, New Eng-
land, Benz(a)pyrene, High performance liquid chroma-
tography.
PB86-117413/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Laboratory Evaluation of NOx Reduction Tech-
niques for Refinery CO Boilers,
KVB, Inc., Irvine, CA.
H. B. Lange, J. K. Arand, M. N. Mansour, and R. E. Hall.
Oct 85,33p EPA/600/ D-85/250
Contract EPA-68-02-3690
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper gives results of work to develop and dem-
onstrate, in the laboratory, NOx reduction techniques
that would be suited to petroleum refinery CO boilers.
(Note: Most refineries have one or more CO boilers to
incinerate off-gases from catalytic cracking. These de-
vices constitute a significant fraction of total refinery
NOx emissions. Methods used to reduce NOx emis-
sions from conventional boilers either are not applica-
ble or have performed poorly when applied to refinery
CO boilers.) The program had three major objectives:
(1) to simulate in the laboratory a full-scale refinery CO
boiler, (2) to investigate the effects of operational vari-
ables on NOx formation in the boiler furnace, and (3) to
evaluate combustion modification techniques to
reduce,the NOx emissions.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Nitrogen oxides,
•Refineries, 'Boilers, "Petroleum industry, "Burners,
Carbon monoxide, Catalytic cracking, Design.
PB86-117421/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Inhalable
Particulate (IP) Emission Factor Development Pro-
gram,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
D. L. Harmon. Oct 85,17p EPA/600/D-85/251
The paper gives results of a study characterizing inha-
lable particulate (IP) emissions from various sources
for the development of emission factors. Three EPA
contracts were awarded to conduct source character-
izations for IP emissions from major source. The test-
ing phase for these contracts is near completion, and
individual reports on the major sources (which will in-
clude the IP emission factors) are being prepared for
publication. The IP emission factors will be based on
existing particle size data and the IP source character-
ization tests. Examples of IP emission factors based
on individual source tests are also presented.
Keywords: "Particles, "Air pollution control, Sources,
Aerosols, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Particle size, Fines, "Emission factors, "Hazardous air
pollutant prioritization system, Stationary sources, Fu-
gitive emissions.
PB86-117447/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Water Stress Reduces Ozone Injury via a Stoma-
tal Mechanism. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. T. Tingey, and W. E. Hogsett. 1985, 6p EPA/600/J-
85/208
Pub. in Plant Physiology 77, p944-947 Apr 85.
Various studies have shown that water-stressed plants
are more tolerant of ozone exposures than are un-
stressed plants. Two probable explanations for this tol-
erance are (a) stomatal closure which reduces ozone
uptake and (b) biochemical or anatomical changes
within the leaves. Phaseolus vulgaris cv Pinto bean
plants were established and transferred to membrane
systems which controlled the osmotic potential around
the roots at -35 or -80 kilopascals for 5 days prior to
ozone treatment (0 or 1.0 microliters per liter for 2
hours.) Both water-stressed and unstressed plants
were sprayed with various concentrations of abscisic
acid to close the stomata or with fusicoccin to induce
stomata opening. The abaxial stomatal resistances of
primary and trifoliate leaves were measured just prior
to ozone exposure. Plant response to ozone was de-
termined by stress ethylene production and chlorophyll
loss. Both water stress and abscisic acid induced sto-
matal closure and reduced ozone injury.
Keywords: "Ozone, 'Stress(Physiology), "Injuries,
*Bean plants, Tolerances(Physiology), Water,
Leaves(Botany), Exposure, Response, Chlorophylls,
Ethylene, Production, Reprints, "Phaseolus vulgaris,
Abscisic acid, Stomata.
PB86-117454	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Relationships between Woody Debris and Fish
Habitat In a Small Warmwater Stream. Journal arti-
cle,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Ecology,
Ethology and Evolution.
P. L. Angermeier, and J. R. Karr. c1984, 12p EPA/600/
J-84/340
Grants EPA-R-810745, EPA-806391
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Pub. in Transactions of American Fisheries Society
113, p716-726 1984.
Abundance of woody debris was manipulated in a
small Illinois stream to determine the importance of
this material to fish. When a stream reach was divided
along midchannel, and debris was added to one side,
but removed from the other, fish and benthic inverte-
brates were usually more abundant on the side with
woody debris than on the cleared side. In further ex-
periments during a low-flow year(1980), debris remov-
al was followed by rapid decreases in water depth and
occurrence of benthic organic litter, and increases in
current velocity and proportion of sand bottom. These
changes were less apparent in unaltered reaches
during 1980, and inall reaches during 1981, which was
464 Vol. 90, No. 24
a high-flow year. Artificial debris was colonized by
many invertebrates, including chironomids, trichopter-
ans, and ephemeropterans. (Copyright (c) American
Fisheries Society 1984.)
Keywords: "Wood wastes, "Fishes, "Invertebrates,
"Water pollution, "Streams, Benthos, Water flow,
Depth, Feeding stuffs, Decomposition, Drawings, Re-
prints, "Habitats, Low flow, Reach(Streams).
PB86-117462/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Use of Bioassays to Determine Potential Toxicity
Effects of Environmental Pollutants,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
S. A. Peterson, W. E. Miller, J. C. Greene, and C. A.
Callahan. Oct 85, 24p EPA/600/D-85/264
Nonpoint source (NPS) runoff from mining, landfills,
roads, croplands, grazing lands, and forests can con-
tain chemicals harmful to aquatic organisms. Full scale
biological surveys to determine their effects are diffi-
cult and costly. Bioassays of environmental samples
integrate the effects of all toxicants contained in a
sample. Biological organisms are being used more fre-
quently to identify toxicant problems and to rank-order
their severity. The Corvallis Environmental Research
Lab has developed a multi-media bioassessment pro-
tocol to assist in the identification of toxicity potentials
associated with waste disposal. Similar techniques
can be used to identify NPS pollutants. The bioassay
response indicators are particularly useful in identifica-
tion of field-site problems where complex mixtures of
pollutants might be present. Use of the bioassessment
protocol reduces the initial need for extensive chemi-
cal analyses, and produces data in a form more readily
understood by the public than bulk chemical concen-
trations.
Keywords: "Bioassay, "Toxicology, Sampling, 'Envi-
ronmental monitoring.
PB86-117470	Not available NTIS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Sorption of Organic Contaminants to a Low
Carbon Subsurface Core. Journal article,
National Center for Ground Water Research, Norman,
OK.
P. Banerjee, M. D. Piwoni, and K. Ebeid. c1985,13p
EPA/600/J-85/200
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
Pub. in Chemosphere, v14 n8 p1057-1067 1985.
Sorption of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, o-chlorotoluene
and dimethylphthalate to a series of subsurface sam-
ples collected with depth is reported. Desorption of
sorbate from the sorbent matrix provides better preci-
sion than conventional solution phase concentration
differences when sorption is low. Clay mineral content
influences sorption on low carbon sorbents. (Copyright
(c) 1985 Pergamon Press Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Soil analysis,
"Ground water, "Water pollution, "Organic com-
pounds, "Solid waste disposal, Sorption, Transport
properties, Sorbents, Desorption, Reprints, Benzene/
trichloro, Toluene/chloro, Phthalic acid/(dimethyl-
ester).
PB86-117488	Not available NTIS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Laboratory Investigation and Analysis of a
Ground-Water Flowmeter. Journal article,
Auburn Univ., AL. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
J. G. Melville, F. J. Molz, and O, Gueven. c1985,11 p
EPA/600/J-85/202
Grant EPA-R-810704
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
Pub. in Groundwater, v23 n4 p486-495 Jul/Aug 85.
The ground-water flowmeter system, model 30L, man-
ufactured by K-V Associates, Inc., Falmouth, Massa-
chusetts was tested under controlled laboratory condi-
tions. The influence of slotted pipe schedule, slot ori-
entation, backfill materials, endcap bags, isolated re-
gions of high hydraulic conductivity, and channeliza-
tion near the slotted pipe wall was measured. The
physical concept of the flowmeter in an ideal configu-
ration was analyzed, and with the aid of an analytical
model, the significance of the thermal and hydraulic
characteristics of the aquifer and backfill materials is
clarified. Results indicate that the basic instrument re-
sponse is linear, consistent, and predictable qualita-
tively in a laboratory environment.
Keywords: "Flowmeters, "Ground water, Model tests,
Laboratories, Hydraulic conductivity, Aquifers, Back-
fills, Thermodynamic properties, Mathematical
models, Advection, Thermistors, Performance evalua-
tion, Reprints, Configuration.
PB86-117496/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Utility Flue Gas Desulfurlzatlon Technology and
Costs,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
N. Kaplan, and F. T. Princiotta. Oct 85, 45p EPA/600/
D-85/246
The paper is an overview of utility flue gas desulfuriza-
tion (FGD) technology and costs. The two commercial-
ly offered throwaway and salable product systems that
are considered to be the most important for near-term
(through 1990) S02 control are: throwaway product
systems-lime and limestone scrubbing (both sludge
and gypsum variations) and dual (double) alkali; and
salable product systems-magnesium oxide scrubbing
and Wellman-Lord (sodium sulfite scrubbing). Other
potentially important systems which are close to com-
mercialization include dry scrubbing, seawater scrub-
bing, carbon adsorption, and copper oxide adsorption.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Scrubbing, 'Adsorp-
tion, Flue gases, Electric power plants, Technology,
Cost analysis, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Capitalized costs, Sulfur dioxide, Comparison, Calcium
oxides, "Coal fired power plants, Flue gas desulfuriza-
tion, Limestone scrubbing, Magnesium oxide scrub-
bing, Wellman process, Dry methods, Dual alkali
scrubbing.
PB86-117587/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from
Sources of Manganese.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sep 85,119p EPA/450/4-85/007H
See also PB85-106474, and PB86-117611.
To assist groups interested in inventorying air emis-
sions of various potentially toxic substances. EPA is
preparing a series of documents such as this to com-
pile available information on sources and emissions of
these substances. This document deals specifically
with manganese. Its intended audience includes Fed-
eral, State and local air pollution personnel and others
interested in locating potential emitters of manganese
and in making gross estimates of air emissions there-
from. This document presents information on 1) the
types of sources that may emit manganese; 2) process
variations and release points that may be expected
within these sources; and 3) available emissions infor-
mation indicating the potential for manganese release
into the air from each operation.
Keywords: 'Manganese, "Air pollution, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Chemical industry. Sources, National gov-
ernment, State government, Elastomers, Plastics, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Emissions inventories, 'Emission factors,
Chemical feedstock, Point sources.
PB86-117595/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from
Sources of Phosgene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Sep 85,61 p EPA/450/4-84/0071
See also PB86-117587.
To assist groups interested in inventorying air emis-
sions of various potentially toxic substances, EPA is
preparing a series of documents such as this to com-
pile available information on sources and emissions of
these substances. This document deals specifically
with phosgene. Its intended audience includes Feder-
al, State and local air pollution personnel and others
interested in locating potential emitters of phosgene in
making gross estimates of air emissions therefrom
This document presents information on (1) the typesof
sources that may emit phosgene, (2) process van.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
these sources, and (3) available emissions information
indicating the potential for phosgene release into the
air from each operation.
Keywords: * Air pollution, "Phosgene, "Hazardous ma-
terials, "Chemical industry, Sources, National govern-
ment, State government, Sites, Pesticides, Industrial
wastes, Syntnesis(Chemistry), Isocyanates, Polycar-
bonates, "Toxic substances, "Emission inventories,
"Air pollution sampling, Chemical feedstocks, Point
sources.
PB86-117603/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from
Sources of Eplchlorohydrln.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sep 85,63p EPA/450/4-85/007J
See also PB86-117595.
To assist groups interested in inventorying air emis-
sions of various potentially toxic substances, EPAis
preparing a series of documents such as this to com-
pile available information on sources and emissions of
these substances. This document deals specifically
with epichlorohydrin. Its intended audience includes
Federal, State and local air pollution personnel and
others interested in locating potential emitters of
epichlorohydrin in making gross estimates of air emis-
sions therefrom. This document presents information
on 1) the types of sources that may emit epichlorohy-
drin; 2) process variations and release points that may
be expected within these sources; and 3) available
emissions information indicating the potential for
epichlorohydrin release into the air from each oper-
ation.
Keywords: "Epichlorohydrin, "Air pollution, "Hazard-
ous materials, "Chemical industry, Sources, National
government, State government, Elastomers, Plastics,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, "Toxic sub-
stances, "Emission inventories, "Emission factors,
Chemical feedstock, Point sources.
PB86-117611/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from
Sources of Vinylidene Chloride.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sep 85, 76d EPA/450/4-84/007K
See also PB86-117603.
To assist groups interested in inventorying air emis-
sions of various potentially toxic substances, EPA is
preparing a series of documents such as this to com-
pile available information on sources and emissions of
these substances. The document deals specifically
with vinylidene chloride. Its intended audience In-
cludes Federal, State and local air pollution personnel
and others interested in locating potential emitters of
vinylidene chloride in making gross estimates of air
emissions therefrom. The document presents informa-
tion on (1) the types of sources that may emit vinyli-
dene chloride, (2) process variations and release
points that may be expected within these sources, and
(3) available emissions information indicating the po-
tential for vinylidene chloride release into the air from
each operation.
Keywords: "Vinylidene chloride resins, "Chemical in-
dustry, "Plastics industry, *Air pollution control,
Sources,	State	government,
Concentration(Composition), Assessments, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, 'Emission inventories,
•Toxic substances, Fugitive emissions.
PB86-117702	Not available NTIS
Metabolism, Mutagenicity, and Activation of 1-Ni-
tropyrene In vivo and In vitro,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. M. Ball, and L. C. King. C1985,10p EPA/600/J-85/
191
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ.,
Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environmental Sciences and En-
gineering.
Pub. in Environment International, v11 p355-362 Sep
85.
The genotoxic air pollutant 1-nitropyrene (NP) labelled
with 14C was administered to rats as the pure com-
pound (6 mlcromole) by intraperitoneal injection, and
vapor-phase-coated onto diesel particles (380 ppm 5
mg/rat) by oral and intratracheal instillation (i.t.). In all
three cases well over 50% of the 14C label was recov-
ered within 24 H, 20-30% in the urine and 40-60% in
the faeces. Following i.t., most of the particles were re-
covered in the lung, trachea and oesophageal cavities;
after oral dosing particles were mainly in the faeces.
The similarity in elimination kinetics and metabolite
profile following such diverse doses and routes of ad-
ministration indicates that NP is readily released from
diesel particles both in the lung and in the gastrointes-
tinal tract, and that the dose range used (10 microgram
to 10 mg/kg body weight) is either well above or well
below the level needed to saturate metabolism and ex-
cretory mechanisms in the rat. Accumulations of 14C
remained in the lung and gastro-intestinal tract 24 h
after i.t.; these organs might therefore be particularly
vulnerable to possible damage by NP.
Keywords: "In vivo analysis, "In vitro analysis, "Air pol-
lution, "Mutagens, "Particles, "Toxicology, Laboratory
animals, Rats, Parenteral infusions, Bioassay, Aromat-
ic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Ingestion(Biology),
Dosage, Isotopic labeling, Exhaust emissions, Re-
prints, "Pyrene/nitro, "Air pollution effects(Animals),
* Air pollution detection, "Diesel engine exhaust.
PB86-117744/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Acrylamlde
(Final Draft). Scientific review.
Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH.
Oct 85,180p* TR-540-17D
Contract EPA-68-01 -6750
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on acrylamide. This Criteria Docu-
ment is an extensive review of the following topics:
Physical and chemical properties of acrylamide; Toxi-
cokinetics and human exposure to acrylamide; Health
Effects of acrylamide in humans and animals; Mecha-
nisms of toxicity of acrylamide; Quantification of toxi-
cological effects of acrylamide.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, "Amides, Physical properties, Chemical proper-
ties, Public health, Carcinogens, Mutagens, 'Drinking
water, "Water pollution standards, Environmental
health, "Water pollution effects(Humans), "Water pol-
lution effects(Animals), 'Acrylamide, Health risk.
PB86-117751/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Aldicarb
(Final Draft). Scientific review,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
J. F. Risher. Mar 85,139p* EPA/600/X-84/189-1,
ECAO-CIN-420
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on aldicarb. This Criteria Document
is an extensive review of the following topics: Physical
and chemical properties of aldicarb; Toxicokinetics
and human exposure to aldicarb; Health Effects of al-
dicarb in humans and animals; Mechanisms of toxicity
of aldicarb; Quantification ot toxicological effects of al-
dicarb.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, 'Pesticides, Reviews, Physical properties, Reac-
tion kinetics, Chemical properties, Industrial medicine,
Exposures, Carbamates, Water pollution, Public
health, Laboratory animals, Risk, Carcinogens, Muta-
gens, 'Drinking water, 'Water pollution standards,
Environmental health, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), 'Water, pollution effects(Animals),
'Aldicarb sulfone, Toxicokinetics, Case studies,
Health risk, Occupational safety and health, Chemical
reaction mechanisms, Path of pollutants, Water pollu-
tion abatement.
PB86-117769/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Chloroben-
zene (Draft). Scientific review.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Jun 85,94p*
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on chlorobenzene. This Criteria
Document is an extensive review of the following
topics: Physical and chemical properties of chloroben-
zene; Toxicokinetics and human exposure to chloro-
benzene; Health Effects of chlorobenzene in humans
and animals; Mechanisms of toxicity of chloroben-
zene; Quantification of toxicological effects of chloro-
benzene.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, "Chlorobenzenes, Physical properties, Chemical
properties, Carcinogens, Mutagens, 'Drinking water,
'Water pollution standards, "Environmental health,
"Water pollution effects(Humans), "Water pollution
effects(Animals), Toxicokinetics, Health risk, Path of
pollutants.
PB86-117777/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Hexachloro-
benzene (Final Draft). Scientific review,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
W. B. Peirano. Mar 85,209p* EPA/600/X-84/179-1,
ECAO-CIN-424
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on hexachlorobenzene. This Crite-
ria Document is an extensive review of the following
topics: Physical and chemical properties of hexachlor-
obenzene ; Toxicokinetics and human exposure to
hexachlorobenzene; Health effects of hexachloroben-
zene in humans; Mechanisms of toxicity of hexachloro-
benzene; Quantification of toxicological effects of hex-
achlorobenzene.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Physical properties, Chemical properties, Public
health, 'Laboratory animals, Carcinogens, Mutagens,
"Drinking water, 'Water pollution standards, 'Environ-
mental health, Water pollution effects(Humans), Water
pollution effects(Animals), 'Benzene/hexachloro,
Toxicokinetics, Health risk.
PB86-117785/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Dichlor-
oethylenes (1,1-Dlchloroethylene, cls-1,2-Dlchlor-
oethylene, and trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene)
(Draft). Scientific review,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
P. F. Guengerich, C. Klaassen, and J. Lantz. Dec 84,
167p*
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on dichloroethylenes. This Criteria
Document is an extensive review of the following
topics: Physical and chemical properties of dichlor-
oethylenes; Toxicokinetics and human exposure to
dichloroethylenes; Health Effects of dichloroethylenes
in humans and animals; Mechanisms of toxicity of
dichloroethylenes; Quantification of toxicological ef-
fects of dichloroethylenes.
Keywords: "Potable water, 'Water quality, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Physical properties, Chemical properties, Car-
cinogens, Mutagens, 'Drinking water, Water pollution
standards, "Environmental health, "Water pollution
effects(Humans), 'Water pollution effects(Anlmals),
'Ethylene/dichloro, Toxicokinetics.
PB66-117793/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Cyanides
(Final Draft). Scientific review,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
D. K. Basu, M. W. Neal, and S. B. Wilbur. Jan 85,147p'
EPA/600/X-84-192-1, ECAO-CIN-442
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on cyanide. This Criteria Document
is an extensive review of the following topics: Physical
and chemical properties of cyanides; Toxicokinetics
and human exposure to cyanides; Health Effects of
cyanides in humans and animals; Mechanisms of tox-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
icity of cyanides; Quantification of toxicological effects
of cyanides.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water quality, 'Toxicol-
ogy, 'Cyanides, Reviews, Physical properties, Reac-
tion kinetics, Chemical properties, Industrial medicine,
Exposures, Water pollution, Public health. Laboratory
animals, Risk, Carcinogens, Mutagens, 'Drinking
water, "Water pollution standards, * Environmental
health, 'Water pollution effects(Humans), 'Water pol-
lution effects(Animals), Toxicokinetics, Case studies,
Health risk, Occupational safety and health, Chemical
reaction mechanisms, Path of pollutants, Water pollu-
tion abatement.
PB86-117801/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Nickel (Final
Draft),
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
B. Hansen, M. W. Neal, and C. S. Mullin. Mar 85,68p
EPA-600/X-84/193-1, ECAO-CIN-443
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on nickel. The Criteria Document is
an extensive review of the following topics: Physical
and chemical properties of nickel, toxicokinetics and
human exposure to nickel, health effects of nickel in
humans and animals, mechanisms of toxicity of nickel,
and quantification of toxicological effects of nickel.
Keywords: 'Potable water, "Water quality, 'Toxicol-
ogy, 'Nickel, Reviews, Physical properties, Reaction
kinetics. Chemical properties, Industrial medicine, Ex-
posures, Metals, Water pollution, Public health, Labo-
ratory animals, Risk, Carcinogens, Mutagens, "Drink-
ing water, "Water pollution standards, "Environmental
health, "Water pollution effects(Humans), 'Water pol-
lution effects(Animals), Heavy metals, Case studies,
Health risk, Occupational safety and health, Chemical
reaction mechanisms, Path of pollutants, Water pollu-
tion abatement.
PB86-117819/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Lindane
(Final Draft).
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
W. Thompson, and M. Melzer. Mar 85,195p EPA/600/
X-84/182-1, ECAO-CIN-402
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on lindane. This Criteria Document
is an extensive review of the following topics: Physical
and chemical properties of lindane, Toxicokinetics and
human exposure to lindane, Health Effects of lindane
in humans and animals. Mechanisms of toxicity of lin-
dane, and Quantification of toxicological effects of lin-
dane.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, Reviews, Physical properties, Reaction kinetics,
Chemical properties, Industrial medicine, Exposures,
Insecticides, Chlorobenzene, Water pollution. Public
health, Laboratory animals, Risk, Carcinogens, Muta-
gens.
PB86-117827/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Mercury
(Final Draft),
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
W. E. Pepelko. Mar 85,140p EPA/600/X-84/178-1,
ECAO-CIN-025
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on mercury. The Criteria Document
is an extensive review of the following topics: Physical
and chemical properties of mercury, toxicokinetics and
human exposure to mercury, health effects of mercury
in humans and animals, mechanisms of toxicity of mer-
cury, and quantification of toxicological effects of mer-
cury.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, "Mercury(Metal), Reviews, Physical properties.
Reaction kinetics, Chemical properties. Industrial med-
icine, Exposures, Metals, Water pollution, Public
health, Laboratory animals, Risk, Carcinogens, Muta-
gens, "Drinking water, "Water pollution standards,
466 Vol. 90, No. 24
'Environmental health, "Water pollution
effects(Humans), 'Water pollution effects(Animals),
Heavy metals, Case studies, Health risk, Occupational
safety and health, Chemical reaction mechanisms,
Path of pollutants, Water pollution abatement.
PB86-117835/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Ethylben-
zene (Final Draft). Scientific review,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
J. M. Becker, D. K. Basu, M. W. Neal, and P. Durkin.
Mar 85, 78p* EPA/600/X-84/163-1, ECAO-CIN-430
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on ethylbenzene. This Criteria Doc-
ument is an extensive review of the following topics:
Physical and chemical properties of ethylbenzene;
Toxicokinetics and human exposure to ethylbenzene;
Health effects of ethylbenzene in humans and ani-
mals; Mechanisms of toxicity of ethylbenzene; Quanti-
fication of toxicological effects of ethylbenzene.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, Reviews, Physical properties, Reaction kinetics,
Chemical properties, Industrial medicine, Exposures,
Air pollution, Water pollution, Public health, Laboratory
animals, Risk, Carcinogens, Mutagens, "Drinking
water, "Water pollution standards, "Environmental
health, "Water pollution effects(Humans), "Water pol-
lution effects(Animals), "Benzene/ethyl, Toxicokine-
tics, Case studies, Health risk, Occupational safety
and health, Chemical reaction mechanisms, Path of
pollutants, Water pollution abatement.
PB86-117843/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Legionella
(Final Draft).
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Mar 85, 255p EPA/600/X-85/051, ECAO-CIN-448
The Office of Drinking Water, U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, has prepared a drinking water criteria
document on Legionella. The document includes an
extensive review of the following topics: general infor-
mation and properties, occurrence in drinking water,
worldwide distribution, analytical methodology, health
effects in animals and humans, symptoms and mecha-
nisms of disease production, control of legionellae in
the distribution system and in plumbing systems, and
risk assessment.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, Reviews, Physical properties, Reaction kinetics,
Chemical properties, Industrial medicine, Exposures,
Water pollution, Public health, Laboratory animals,
Risk, Carcinogens, Mutagens, "Drinking water, 'Water
pollution standards, "Environmental health, "Water
pollution effects(Humans), "Water pollution
effects(Animals), "Legionella, Legionnaires disease,
Case studies, Health risk, Occupational safety and
health, Chemical reaction mechanisms, Path of pollut-
ants, Water pollution abatement.
PBB6-117850/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for 1,2-Dichlor-
opropans (Final Draft),
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
D. K. Basu, J. R. Anderson, and J. T. Coleman. Mar 85,
174p EPA/600/X-84/162-1, ECAO-CIN-404
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on 1,2-dichloropropane. The Crite-
ria Document is an extensive review of the following
topics: Physical and chemical properties of 1,2-dichlor-
opropane, Toxicokinetics and human exposure to 1,2-
dichloropropane , Health Effects of 1,2-dichloropro-
pane in humans and animals, Mechanisms of toxicity
of 1,2-dichloropropane, and Quantification of toxico-
logical effects of 1,2-dichloropropane.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, Reviews, Physical properties, Reaction kinetics.
Chemical properties, Industrial medicine, Exposures,
Chlorine organic compounds, Water pollution, Public
health, Laboratory animals, Risk, Carcinogens, Muta-
gens "Drinking water, "Water pollution standards,
"Environmental health, "Water pollution
effects(Humans), 'Water pollution effects(Animals),
"Propane/dichloro, Case studies, Health risk. Occupa-
tional safety and health, Chemical reaction mecha-
nisms, Path of pollutants, Water pollution abatement.
PB86-117868/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Summary of Available Information Related to the
Occurrence of Vinyl Chloride and Ground Water
as a Transformation Product of Other Volatile Or-
fanlc Chemicals. Scientific review,
cience Applications International Corp., McLean, VA.
9 Oct 85, 21 p'
Contract EPA-68-01-7166
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a document which
discusses the available scientific information related to
the occurrence of vinyl chloride and other chlorinated
organics in ground water, as a transformation product
of other volatile organic chemicals. This document pre-
sents a review of the available scientific data on this
topic.
Keywords: 'Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, "Vinyl chloride, 'Organic compounds, Ground
water, Volatility, Public health, Drinking water, "Water
pollution standards, "Environmental health, Health
risk.
PB86-117876/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Methoxych-
lor (Final Draft),
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
S. B. Wilbur, and M. W. Neal. Mar 85,160p EPA-600/
X-84/191-1, ECAO-CIN-425
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on methoxychlor. The Criteria Doc-
ument is an extensive review of the following topics:
Physical and chemical properties of methoxychlor, tox-
icokinetics and human exposure to methoxychlor,
health effects of methoxychlor in humans and animals,
mechanisms of toxicity of methoxychlor, and quantifi-
cation of toxicological effects of methoxychlor.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, Reviews, Physical properties, Reaction kinetics,
Chemical properties, Industrial medicine, Exposures,
Chlorine organic compounds, Insecticides, Water pol-
lution, Public health, Laboratory animals, Risk, Car-
cinogens, Mutagens, "Drinking water, "Water pollution
standards, "Environmental health, "Water pollution
effects(Humans), "Water pollution effects(Animals),
"Methoxychlor, Case studies, Health risk, Occupation-
al safety and health, Chemical reaction mechanisms,
Path of pollutants, Water pollution abatement.
PB86-117884/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for 2,4-Dlchlor-
ophenoxyacetlc Acid (2,4-D) (Final Draft). Scientific
review,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
S. J. Bosch. Mar 85,189p* ECAO-CIN-418
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on 2,4-D. This Criteria Document is
an extensive review of the following topics: Physical
and chemical properties of 2,4-D; Toxicokinetics and
human exposure to 2,4-D; Health effects of 2,4-D in
humans and animals; Mechanisms of toxicity of 2,4-D;
Quantification of toxicological effects of 2,4-D.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, Reviews, Physical properties, Reaction kinetics
Chemical properties. Industrial medicine, Exposures'
Chlorine organic compounds, Water pollution, Public
health, Laboratory animals, Risk, Carcinogens, Muta-
gens, "Drinking water, "Water pollution standards
•EnvironmentaF health, "Water pollution
effects(Humans), "Water pollution effects(Animals)
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
risk, Occupational safety and health, Chemical reac-
tion mechanisms, Path of pollutants, Water pollution
abatement.
PB86-117892/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Quantification of Toxicological Effects of Arsenic
(Draft). Scientific review,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
W. L. Marcus. Dec 84, 68p"
The Criteria and Standards Division (CSD), U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency has prepared a section
on the toxicological effects of arsenic exposure
through drinking water. This section may be read with
the Health Assessment Document for Inorganic Ar-
senic prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment (OHEA), U.S. EPA. This section is
a review of the following topics: Arsenic metabolism;
Arsenic toxicology; Arsenic mutagenicity and carcino-
genicity; Human health risk assessment for arsenic.
Keywords: 'Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, "Arsenic, Metabolism, Carcinogens, Mutagens,
"Drinking water, "Water pollution standards, "Environ-
mental health, "Water pollution effects(Humans),
Health risk, Chemical reaction mechanisms.
PB86-117900/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
NTP (National Toxicology Program) Technical
Report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis
Studies of Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethy-
lene) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation
Studies). Draft rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
J. H. Mennear. Aug 85, 227p
Also pub. as National Toxicology Program, Research
Triangle Park, NC. rept. no. NTP-TR-311, and NIH/
PUB-85-2567. Prepared in cooperation with National
Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, NC.
The National Toxicology Program conducted toxicol-
ogy and carcinogenesis studies of tetrachloroethylene
by inhalation exposure in femal F344/N rats and
B6C3F1 mice. This is a draft report which has not been
reviewed and approved by the Peer Review Panel of
the National Toxicology Program Board of Scientific
Counselors and does not represent the official scientif-
ic position of the National Toxicology Program. The
draft report summarizes the results of these inhalation
carcinogenicity studies.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Bioassay, Exposure, Rats,
Mice, Laboratory animals, Respiration, CAS 127-18-4,
"Ethylene/tetrachloro, Carcinogenesis, Cancer.
PB86-117918/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Ortho-Dlch-
lorobenzene, Meta-Dlchlorobenzene, and Para-
Dichlorobenzene (Draft). Scientific review.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Jun 85,174p*
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on o-, m- and p-dichlorobenzene.
This Criteria Document is an extensive review of the
following topics: Physical and chemical properties of o-
, m- and p-dichlorobenzene; Toxicokinetics and human
exposure to o-, m- and p-dichlorobenzene; Health Ef-
fects of o-, m- and p-dichlorobenzene in humans and
animals; Mechanisms of toxicity of o-, m- and p-dich-
lorobenzene; Quantification of toxicological effects of
o-, m- and p-dichlorobenzene.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Physical properties, Chemical properties, Public
health, Carcinogens, Mutagens, "Drinking water,
"Water pollution standards, "Environmental health,
"Water pollution effects(Humans), "Water pollution
effects(Animals), "Benzene/dichloro, Toxicokinetics,
Health risk.
PB86-117926/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document tor 2(2,4,5-
Trichlorophenoxy)Propionlc Acid (2,4,5-TP) (Final
Draft). Scientific review,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
J. R. Anderson, and M. W. Neal. Mar 85,74p* EPA/
600/X-84/183-1, ECAO-CIN-419
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on 2,4,5-TP. This Criteria Document
is an extensive review of the following topics: Physical
and chemical properties of 2,4,5-TP; Toxicokinetics
and human exposure to 2,4,5-TP; Health Effects of
2,4,5-TP in humans and animals; Mechanisms of toxic-
ity of 2,4,5-TP; Quantification of toxicological effects of
2,4,5-TP.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, "Herbicides, Reviews, Physical properties, Reac-
tion kinetics, Chemical properties, Industrial medicine,
Exposures, Chlorine organic compounds, Water pollu-
tion, Public health, Laboratory animals, Risk, Carcino-
gens, Mutagens, "Drinking water, "Water pollution
standards. Environmental health, "Water pollution
effects(Humans), "Water pollution effects(Animals),
"Silvex, Toxicokinetics, CAS 93-72-1, Propionic acid/
(trichlorophenoxy), Case studies, Health risk, Occupa-
tional safety and health, Chemical reaction mecha-
nisms, Path of pollutants. Water pollution abatement.
PB86-117934/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Cadmium
(Final Draft). Scientific review.
Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH.
Apr 85, 321 p* TR-540-67E
Contract EPA-68-01 -6750
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on cadmium. This Criteria Docu-
ment is an extensive review of the following topics:
Physical and chemical properties of cadmium; Toxico-
kinetics and human exposure to cadmium; Health Ef-
fects of cadmium in humans and animals; Mechanisms
of toxicity of cadmium; Quantification of toxicological
effects of cadmium.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy. "Cadmium, Physical properties, Chemical proper-
ties, Exposures, Public health, Carcinogens, Muta-
gens, "Drinking water, "Water pollution standards,
f Environmental health, "Water pollution
effects(Humans), "Water pollution effects(Animals),
Toxicokinetics, Health risk.
PB86-117942/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Xylenes
(Final Draft). Scientific review,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
J. M. Becker, D. A. Gray, and M. W. Neal. Mar 85,
194p* EPA/600/X-84/185-1, ECAO-CIN-416
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking water
Criteria Document on xylenes: This Criteria Document
is an extensive review of the following topics; Physical
and chemical properties of xylenes; Toxicokinetics and
human exposure to xylenes; Health Effects of xylenes
in humans and animals; Mechanisms of toxicity of xy-
lenes; Quantification of toxicological effects of xy-
lenes.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, "Xylenes, Reviews, Physical properties, Reaction
kinetics, Chemical properties, Industrial medicine, Ex-
posures, Water pollution, Public health, Laboratory ani-
mals, Risk, Carcinogens, Mutagens, "Drinking water,
"Water pollution standards, "Environmental health,
"Water pollution effects(Humans), "Water pollution
effects(Animals), Toxicokinetics, Case studies, Health
risk, Occupational safety and health, Chemical reac-
tion mechanisms, Path of pollutants, Water pollution
abatement.
PB86-117959/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Drinking Water Criteria Document on Nitrate/Ni-
trite (Final Draft).
Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH.
Oct 85,163p TR-540-59D
Contract EPA-68-01-6750
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on nitrate/nitrite. The Criteria Docu-
ment is an extensive review of the following topics:
Physical and chemical properties of nitrate/nitrite, toxi-
cokinetics and human exposure to nitrate/nitrite,
health effects of nitrate/nitrite in humans and animals,
mechanisms of toxicity of nitrate/nitrite, and quantifi-
cation of toxicological effects of nitrate/nitrite.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, "Inorganic nitrates, "Nitrites, Reviews, Physical
properties, Reaction kinetics, Chemical properties, In-
dustrial medicine, Exposures, Water pollution, Public
health, Laboratory animals, Risk, Carcinogens, Muta-
gens, "Drinking water, "Water pollution standards,
"Environmental health, "Water pollution
effects(Humans), "Water pollution effects(Animals),
Case studies, Health risk, Occupational safety and
health, Chemical reaction mechanisms, Path of pollut-
ants, Water pollution abatement.
PB86-117967/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Endrln
(Final Draft),
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
S. S. Que Hee, M. Radike, E. Widner, R. Schoeny, and
E. O'Flaherty. Mar 85,195pEPA/600/X-84/176,
ECAO-CIN-423
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on endrin. The Criteria Document is
an extensive review of the following topics: Physical
and chemical properties of endrin, Toxicokinetics and
human exposure to endrin. Health Effects of endrin in
humans and animals, Mechanisms of toxicity of endrin,
and Quantification of toxicological effects of endrin.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, "Endrin, Reviews, Physical properties, Reaction
kinetics, Chemical properties, Industrial medicine, Ex-
posures, Oxygen heterocyclic compounds, Insecti-
cides, Water pollution, Public health, Laboratory ani-
mals, Risk, Carcinogens, Mutagens, "Drinking water,
"Water pollution standards, "Environmental health,
"Water pollution effects(Humans), "Water pollution
effects(Animals), Case studies, Health risk, Occupa-
tional safety and health, Chemical reaction mecha-
nisms, Path of pollutants, Water pollution abatement.
PB86-117975/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Toluene
(Final Draft). Scientific review,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
J. M. Becker, and M. W. Neal. Mar 85,190p* EPA/
600/X-84/188, ECAO-CIN-408
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a drinking water
criteria document on toluene. The criteria document is
an extensive review of the following topics: Physical
and chemical properties of toluene toxicokinetics and
human exposure to toluene; Health effects of toluene
in humans and animals; Mechanisms of toxicity of tolu-
ene; Quantification of toxicological effects of toluene.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, "Toluene, Water pollution, Public health, Carcino-
gens, Mutagens, "Drinking water, "Water pollution
standards; Environmental health, "Water pollution
effects(Humans), "Water pollution effects(Animals),
Toxicokinetics, Health risk, Chemical reaction mecha-
nisms.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-117983/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for 2,3,7,8-Te-
trachlorodibenzo-p-dfoxin (Final Draft). Scientific
review,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
D. K. Basu, P. R. Durkin, and D. L. Tullis. Mar 85,349p*
EPA/600/X-84/194-1, ECAO-CIN-405
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on 2,3,7,8-TCDD. This Criteria Doc-
ument is an extensive review of the following topics:
Physical and chemical properties of 2,3,7,8-TCDD;
Toxicokinetics and human exposure to 2,3,7,8-TCDD;
Health Effects of 2,3,7,8-TCDD; Health Effects of
2,3,7,8-TCDD in humans and animals; Mechanisms of
toxicity of 2,3,7,8-TCDD; Quantification of toxicological
effects of 2,3,7,8-TCDD.
Keywords: "Potable water, 'Water quality, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Herbicides, Reviews, Physical properties, Reac-
tion kinetics, Chemical properties, Industrial medicine,
Exposures, Chlorine organic compounds, Water pollu-
tion, Public health, Laboratory animals, Risk, Carcino-
gens, Mutagens, 'Drinking water, 'Water pollution
standards, 'Environmental health, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), "Water pollution effects(Animals),
"Dibenzodioxin/tetrachloro, 'Dioxin(Herbicides), Toxi-
cokinetics, CAS 1746-01-6, Case studies, Health risk,
Occupational safety and health, Chemical reaction
mechanisms, Path of pollutants, Water pollution abate-
ment.
PB86-117991/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Heptachlor,
Heptachlor Epoxide and Chlordane (Final Draft).
Scientific review,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
S. B. Wilbur, D. K. Basu, M. B. Remington, P. Durkin,
and Y. M. Patal. Mar 85,274p* EPA/600/X-84/197-1,
ECAO-CIN-406
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
The Office of Drinking Water (WH-550), U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) has prepared a
Drinking Water Criteria Document on chlordane, hep-
tachlor and heptachlor epoxide. This Criteria Docu-
ment is an extensive review of the following topics:
Physical and chemical properties of chlordane, hepta-
chlor, and heptachlor epoxide; Toxicokinetics and
human exposure to chlordane, heptachlor, and hepta-
chlor epoxide; Health effects of chlordane, heptachlor,
and heptachlor epoxide in humans and animals; Mech-
anisms of toxicity of chlordane, heptachlor, and hepta-
chlor epoxide; Quantification of toxicological effects of
chlordane, heptachlor, and heptachlor epoxide.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water quality, 'Toxicol-
ogy, 'Insecticides, "Chlordan, Reviews, Physical prop-
erties, Reaction kinetics, Chemical properties, Industri-
al medicine, Exposures, 'Heptachlor, Water pollution,
Public health, Laboratory animals, Risk, Carcinogens,
Mutagens, 'Drinking water, 'Water pollution stand-
ards, 'Environmental health, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), 'Water pollution effects(Animals),
'Heptachlor epoxide, CAS 57-74-9, CAS 76-44-8, CAS
1024-57-3, Case studies, Health risk, Occupational
safety and health, Chemical reaction mechanisms,
Path of pollutants, Water pollution abatement.
PB86-118007/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Carbofuran
(Final Draft). Scientific review.
Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH.
Oct 85,105p* TR-540-21D
Contract EPA-68-01-6750
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on carbofuran. This Critena Docu-
ment is an extensive review of the following topics.
Physical and chemical properties of carbofuran; Toxi-
cokinetics and human exposure to carbofuran; Health
effects of carbofuran in humans and animals, Mecha
468 Vol. 90, No. 24
nisms of toxicity of carbofuran; Quantification of toxi-
cological effects of carbofuran.
Keywords: "Potable water, 'Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, 'Carbamates, "Insecticides, Physical properties,
Chemical properties, Public health, Carcinogens, Mu-
tagens, "Drinking water, "Water pollution standards,
"Environmental health, "Water pollution
effects(Humans), "Water pollution effects(Animals),
"Carbofuran, "Carbamic acid/(dimethyl-benzofuranyl-
ester)-methyl, Toxicokinetics, Health risk.
PB86-118015/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Pentachlor-
ophenol (Final Draft),
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
D. L. Tullis, D. A. Gray, and P. R. Durkin. Mar 85, 117p
EPA/600/X-84/177-1, ECAO-CIN-407
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on pentachlorophenol. The Criteria
Document is an extensive review of the following
topics: Physical and chemical properties of pentachlor-
ophenol, Toxicokinetics and human exposure to pen-
tachlorophenol, Health Effects of pentachlorophenol
in humans and animals, Mechanisms of toxicity of pen-
tachlorophenol, and Quantification of toxicological ef-
fects of pentachlorophenol.
Keywords: "Potable water, 'Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, Reviews, Physical properties, Reaction kinetics,
Chemical properties, Industrial medicine, Exposures,
Chlorine organic compounds, Water pollution, Public
health, Laboratory animals, Risk, Carcinogens, Muta-
gens, 'Drinking water, 'Water pollution standards,
Environmental health, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), 'Water pollution effects(Animals),
'Phenol/pentachloro, Case studies, Health risk, Occu-
pational safety and health, Chemical reaction mecha-
nisms, Path of pollutants, Water pollution abatement.
PB86-118023/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Epichloro-
hydrin (Final Draft). Scientific review,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
D. L. Tullis, and D. A. Gray. Mar 85,161p* EPA/600/X-
84/200-1, ECAO-CIN-413
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on epichlorohydrin. This Criteria
Document is an extensive review of the following
topics: Physical and chemical properties of epichloro-
hydrin; Toxicokinetics and human exposure to epich-
lorohydrin; Health effects of epichlorohydrin in humans
and animals; Mechanisms of toxicity of epichlorohy-
drin, Quantification of toxicological effects of epichlor-
ohydrin.
Keywords: "Potable water, 'Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, "Epichlorohydrin, Reviews, Physical properties,
Reaction kinetics, Chemical properties, Industrial med-
icine, Exposures, Water pollution, Public health, Labo-
ratory animals, Risk, Carcinogens, Mutagens, "Drink-
ing water, "Water pollution standards, "Environmental
health, 'Water pollution effects(Humans), 'Water pol-
lution effects(Animals), Toxicokinetics, Case studies,
Health risk, Occupational safety and health, Chemical
reaction mechanisms, Path of pollutants, Water pollu-
tion abatement.
PB86-118031/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Barium
(Final Draft). Scientific review.
Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH.
Oct 85,160p* TR-540-60F
Contract EPA-68-01-6750
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on barium. This Criteria Document
is an extensive review of the following topics: Physical
and chemical properties of barium; Toxicokinetics and
human exposure to barium; Health Effects of barium in
humans and animals; Mechanisms of toxicity of
barium; Quantification of toxicological effects of
barium.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, "Barium, Physical properties, Chemical proper-
ties, Public health, Carcinogens, Mutagens, "Drinking
water, 'Water pollution standards, Environmental
health, "Water pollution effects(Humans), "Water pol-
lution effects(Animals), Health risk.
PB86-118049/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Toxaphene
(Final Draft). Scientific review,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
S. Q. Hee, and M. Radicke. Mar 85,234p* EPA/600/
X-84/184-1, ECAO-CIN-426
Prepared in cooperation with Cincinnati Univ., OH.
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on toxaphene. This Criteria Docu-
ment is an extensive review of the following topics:
Physical and chemical properties of toxaphene; Toxi-
cokinetics and human exposure to toxaphene; Health
effects of toxaphene in humans and animals; Mecha-
nisms of toxicity of toxaphene; Quantification of toxico-
logical effects of toxaphene.
Keywords: "Potable water, 'Water quality, 'Toxicol-
ogy, 'Insecticides, Reviews, Physical properties, Re-
action kinetics, Chemical properties, Industrial medi-
cine, Exposures, Chlorine organic compounds, Mix-
tures, Water pollution, Public health, Laboratory ani-
mals, Risk, Carcinogens, Mutagens, 'Drinking water,
"Water pollution standards, "Environmental health,
"Water pollution effects(Humans), 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), 'Toxaphene, Toxicokinetics, Case
studies, Health risk, Occupational safety and health,
Chemical reaction mechanisms, Path of pollutants,
Water pollution abatement.
PB88-118058/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Styrene
(Final Draft),
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
B. C. Hansen, D. A. Gray, and J. Santodonato. Mar 85,
225p EPA/600/X-84/195-1, ECAO-CIN-409
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on styrene. The Criteria Document
is an extensive review of the following topics: Physical
and chemical properties of styrene, Toxicokinetics and
human exposure to styrene, Health Effects of styrene
in humans and animals, Mechanisms of toxicity of sty-
rene, and Quantification of toxicological effects of sty-
rene.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, "Styrene, Reviews, Physical properties, Reaction
kinetics, Chemical properties. Industrial medicine, Ex-
posures, Water pollution, Public health, Laboratory ani-
mals, Risk, Carcinogens, Mutagens, "Drinking water,
'Water pollution standards, 'Environmental health,
"Water pollution effects(Humans), 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Case studies, Health risk, Occupa-
tional safety and health, Chemical reaction mecha-
nisms, Path of pollutants, Water pollution abatement.
PB88-118064/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for 1,2-Dt-
bromo-3-Chloropropane (DBCP) (Final Draft). Sci-
entific review,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
S. B. Wilbur, D. A. Gray, P. R. Durkin, and M. W. Neal
Mar 85,192p" EPA/600/X-84/209, ECAO-CIN-410
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on dibromochloropropane. This Crt-
teria Document is an extensive review of the following
topics: Physical and chemical properties of dibromo-
chloropropane; Toxicokinetics and human exposure to
dibromochloropropane; Health Effects of dibromochlo-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
icity of dibromochloropropane; Quantification of toxi-
cological effects of dibromochloropropane.
Keywords: 'Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, Reviews, Physical properties, Reaction kinetics,
Chemical properties, Industrial medicine, Exposures,
Agricultural wastes, Chemical industry, Chlorine organ-
ic compounds, Water pollution, Public health, Labora-
tory animals, Risk, Carcinogens, Mutagens, "Drinking
water, "Water pollution standards, ^Environmental
health, "Water pollution effects(Humans), "Water pol-
lution effects(Animals), "Propane/chloro-dibromo,
Toxicokinetics, Case studies, Health risk, Occupation-
al safety and health, Chemical reaction mechanisms,
Path of pollutants, Water pollution abatement.
PB86-118072/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Chromium
(Final Dra(t). Scientific review.
Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH.
Oct 85,181 p* TR-540-66D
Contract EPA-68-01-6750
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document of chromium. This Criteria Docu-
ment is an extensive review of the following topics:
Physical and chemical properties of chromium; Toxico-
kinetics and human exposure to chromium; Health Ef-
fects of chromium in humans and animals; Mecha-
nisms of toxicity of chromium; Quantification of toxico-
logical effects of chromium.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy. "Chromium, Physical properties, Chemical prop-
erties, Public health, Carcinogens, Mutagens, "Drink-
ing water, "Water pollution standards, "Environmental
health, "Water pollution effects(Humans), "Water pol-
lution effects(Animals), Toxicokinetics, Health risk.
PB86-118080/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Quantification of Toxicologlcal Effects of 1,2-
Dichloroethane. Scientific review.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Sep 85,409p
The Criteria and Standards Division, U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a section on the
toxicological effects of 1,2-dichloroethane. This sec-
tion may be used with the Health Assessment Docu-
ment of 1,2-Dichloroethane which is attached. This
document and toxicological effects section is an ex-
tensive review of the following topics: Occurrence of
1,2-dichloroethane in the environment; 1,2-dichlor-
oethane metabolism; 1,2-dichloroethane toxicology;
1,2-dichloroethane mutagenicity and carcinogenicity;
Human health risk assessment for 1,2-dichloroethane.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, Public health, Carcinogens, Mutagens, "Drinking
water, "Water pollution standards, Environmental
health, "Ethane/dichloro.
PB86-118098/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Selenium
(Final Draft). Scientific review.
Life Systems. Inc., Cleveland, OH.
Apr 85,189p* TR-540-64B
Contract EPA-68-01 -6750
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on selenium. This Criteria Docu-
ment is an extensive review of the following topics:
Physical and chemical properties of selenium; Toxico-
kinetics and human exposure to selenium; Health Ef-
fects of selenium in humans and animals; Mechanisms
of toxicity of selenium; Quantification of toxicological
effects of selenium.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, "Selenium, Physical properties, Chemical proper-
ties, Industrial medicine, Exposures, "Drinking water,
"Water pollution standards, "Environmental health,
"Water pollution effects(Humans), "Water pollution
effects(Animals), Toxicokinetics.
PB88-118106/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Trichlor-
oethylene (Draft). Scientific review.
Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH.
Jan 85,141p* TR-540-173
Contract EPA-68-01-6750
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on trichloroethylene. The Criteria
Document is an extensive review of the following
topics: Physical and chemical properties of trichlor-
oethylene; Toxicokinetics and human exposure to
trichloroethylene; Health effects of trichloroethylene in
humans and animals; Mechanisms of toxicity of trich-
loroethylene; Quantification of toxicological effects of
trichloroethylene.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, Physical properties, Chemical properties, Public
health, Carcinogens, Mutagens, "Drinking water,
"Water pollution standards, "Environmental health,
"Water pollution effects(Humans), "Water pollution
effects(Animals), "Ethylene/trichloro, Toxicokinetics,
Health risk.
PB88-118114/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Tetrachlor-
oethyiene (Final). Scientific review.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Apr 85,158p*
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on tetrachloroethylene. The Criteria
Document is an extensive review of the following
topics: Physical and chemical properties of tetrachlor-
oethylene; Toxicokinetics and human exposure to te-
trachloroethylene; Health effects of tetrachloroethy-
lene in humans and animals; Mechanisms of toxicity of
tetrachloroethylene; Quantification of toxicological ef-
fects of tetrachloroethylene.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, Physical properties, Chemical properties, Car-
cinogens. Mutagens, 'Drinking water, "Water pollution
standards, "Environmental health, "Water pollution
effects(Humans), "Water pollution effects(Animals),
"Tetrachloroethylene, Toxicokinetics.
PB88-118122/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Benzene
(Final Draft). Scientific review.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Apr 85,129p*
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on benzene. The Criteria Document
is an extensive review of the following topics: Physical
and chemical properties of benzene; Toxicokinetics
and human exposure to benzene; Health effects of
benzene in humans and animals; Mechanisms of toxic-
ity of benzene; Quantification of toxicological effects of
benzene.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, "Benzene, Physical properties, Chemical proper-
ties, Public health, Carcinogens, Leukemias, "Drinking
water, "Water pollution standards, "Environmental
health, "Water pollution effects(Humans), "Water pol-
lution effects(Animals), Toxicokinetics, Health risk. Oc-
cupational safety and health.
PB86-118130/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Drinking Water Criteria Document for 1,1,1-Trich-
loroethane (Draft). Scientific review.
Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH.
Jan 85,144p* TR-540-172
Contract EPA-68-01-6750
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on 1,1,1-trichloroethane. The Crite-
ria Document is an extensive review of the following
topics: Physical and chemical properties of 1,1,1-trich-
loroethane; Toxicokinetics and human exposure to
1,1,1-trichloroethane; Health effects of 1,1,1-trichlor-
oethane in humans and animals; Mechanisms of toxici-
ty of 1,1,1 -trichloroethane; Quantification of toxicologi-
cal effects of 1,1,1 -trichloroethane.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, Physical properties, Chemical properties. Car-
cinogens, Mutagens, "Drinking water, "Water pollution
standards, "Environmental health, "Water pollution
effects(Humans), "Water pollution effects(Animals),
"Ethylene/trichloro, Toxicokinetics.
PB86-118148/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Total Con-
forms (Final Draft). Scientific review.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
16 Apr 84, 89p
The Office of Drinking Water, U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, has prepared a drinking water criteria
document on total conforms. The document includes
an extensive review of the following topics: waterborne
disease agents, utility of total conforms as an indicator
for treatment efficiency, deterioration of the disinfec-
tion system, and fecal contamination, analytical proce-
dures, and risk assessment.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Coliform bacteria, "Water
pollution, Feces, Contamination, Water treatment, Dis-
infection, Risk, Assessments, Waterborne disease
agents, "Drinking water.
PB86-118155/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Carbon Tet-
rachloride (Final Draft). Scientific review.
Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH.
Jan 85,142p* TR-540-131A
Contract EPA-68-01-6750
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on carbon tetrachloride. The Crite-
ria Document is an extensive review of the following
topics: Physical and chemical properties of carbon tet-
rachloride; Toxicokinetics and human exposure to
carbon tetrachloride; Health effects of carbon tetra-
chloride in humans and animals; Mechanisms of toxici-
ty of carbon tetrachloride; Quantification of toxicologi-
cal effects of carbon tetrachloride.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy. "Carbon tetrachloride, Physical properties, Car-
cinogens, Mutagens, Chemical properties, "Drinking
water, "Water pollution standards, "Environmental
health, "Water pollution effects(Humans), "Water pol-
lution effects(Animals), Toxicokinetics, Health risk.
PB86-118163/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Fluoride.
Scientific review.
Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH.
21 Oct 85,183p TR-832-5
Contract EPA-68-03-3279
See also PB85-199321. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Drinking
Water.
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on Fluoride. This Criteria Document
is an extensive review of the following topics: Physical
and chemical properties of fluoride; Toxicokinetics and
human exposure to fluoride; Health Effects of fluoride
in humans and animals; Mechanisms of toxicity of fluo-
ride; Quantification of toxicological effects of fluoride.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Potable water, "Fluorides, "Water supply,
Chemical properties, Physical properties, Public
health, Toxicity, Exposure, "Drinking water.
PB86-118171/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Giardia
(Final Draft). Scientific review.
Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH.
29 Feb 84,98p* TR-540-65
Contract EPA-68-01-6750
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
The Office of Drinking Water, U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, has prepared a drinking water criteria
document on the following topics: general information
and properties, occurrence, health effects in animals
and humans, mechanisms of disease and risk assess-
ment of Giardia.
Keywords: * Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, "Diseases, Water pollution, Public health, "Giar-
diasis, "Drinking water, "Water pollution standards,
"Environmental health, Water pollution
effects(Humans), Water pollution effects(Animals),
Health risks.
PB86-118189/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Heterotro-
phic Bacteria (Final Draft). Scientific review.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
25 May 84,81p
The Office of Drinking Water, U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, has prepared a drinking water criteria
document on heterotrophic bacteria. The document in-
cludes an extensive review of the following topics:
concentration of heterotrophic bacteria in drinking
water, health effects, interference with total coliform
analysis, utility of heterotrophic bacteria as an indicator
of drinking water quality, sampling and analytical pro-
cedures.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Bacteria, 'Water pollu-
tion, Concentration(Composition), Public health,
Standards, Counting methods, Indicator species, Bac-
teriological techniques, "Drinking water, "Heterotro-
phic bacteria.
PB86-118197/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Volatile Organic Chemicals: Methods and Monitor-
ing Document (Draft). Scientific review.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Jun 85,124p*
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW) and Technical
Support Division (TSD), U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency have prepared a methods and monitoring doc-
ument for volatile organic chemicals in drinking water.
The purpose of this document is to produce informa-
tion which will serve as a basis for the development of
compliance monitoring requirements for the volatile or-
ganic chemicals in EPA's Maximum Contaminant
Level (MCL) proposal.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, "Organic compounds, Volatility, Monitors, Water
pollution, "Drinking water, "Water pollution standards,
"Environmental health, Compliance, Analyzing.
PB86-118205/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Turbidity
(Final Draft). Scientific review.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
10 Aug 84, 89p
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a criteria docu-
ment on turbidity. This document discusses the turbidi-
ty occurrence and characteristics, direct health ef-
fects indirect health effects, turbidity effects on disin-
fection demand, turbidity interference with coliform de-
tection, turbidity measurement and examination of tur-
bidity as a potential regulation.
Keywords: "Turbidity, "Potable water, "Water supply,
Distribution systems, Public health, Coliform bacteria,
470 Vol. 90, No. 24
Disinfection, Regulations, Microbiology, Viruses, Filtra-
tion, Sand filtration, Particle size, Membranes, Diato-
maceous earth, Drinking water.
PB86-118213/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Technologies and Costs for the Removal of Vola-
tile Organic Chemicals from Potable Water Sup-
plies (Draft). Scientific review.
Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc., Gaines-
ville, FL.
May 85,223p" ESE-64-912-0300
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
Nine volatile organic chemicals are currently being
considered for regulation. The report reviews and sum-
marizes the treatment information available on the re-
moval of these compounds from drinking water. Most
of the treatment information was obtained through
review of laboratory and pilot-scale studies of aeration
and activated carbon absorption processes. Cost esti-
mates for these treatment processes using a variety of
raw and treated water concentrations are presented.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, "Organic compounds, "Activated carbon treat-
ment, Aeration, Industrial medicine, Water treatment,
"Drinking water, "Water pollution standards, "Environ-
mental health, Costs.
PB86-118221/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Alachlor: Special Review Position. Document 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
31 Dec 84, 98p
The Office of Pesticide Programs, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) has prepared a Alachlor
Position Document. The document presents the bases
for the initiation of a Special Review of all pesticide
products containing the active ingredient alachlor. The
alachlor document is an extensive review of the follow-
ing topics: Regulatory and legal background of alach-
lor, Qualitative risk assessment, including metabolic
and pharmacokinetic, properties, short-term tests, on-
cogenicity and human studies, exposure assessment,
dietary risks and applicator risks, and benefits summa-
ry-
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Pesticides,
"Toxicology, "Hazardous materials, Reviews, Expo-
sure, Regulations, Risks, Assessments,
Concentration(Composition), Agricultural products,
Farm crops. Ecology, Residues, Tables(Data), "Toxic
substances, "Health risks, "Lasso, Pesticide residues.
PB86-118239/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Copper
(Final Draft). Scientific review,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
J. E. Sorel, D. A. Gray, and J. Santodonato. Mar 85,
140p* EPA/600/X-84/190-1, ECAO-CIN-417
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on copper. This Criteria Document
is an extensive review of the following topics: Physical
and chemical properties of copper; Toxicokinetics and
human exposure to copper; Health effects of copper in
humans and animals; Mechanisms of toxicity of
copper; Quantification of toxicological effects of
copper.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, "Copper, Reviews, Physical properties, Reaction
kinetics, Chemical properties, Industrial medicine, Ex-
posures, Metals, Water pollution, Public health, Labo-
ratory animals, Risk, Carcinogens, Mutagens, 'Drink-
ing water, "Water pollution standards, "Environmental
health, "Water pollution effects(Humans), "Water pol-
lution effects(Animals), Heavy metals, Toxicokinetics,
Case studies, Health risk, Occupational safety and
health, Chemical reaction mechanisms, Path of pollut-
ants, Water pollution abatement.
PB86-118247/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Ethylene Dl-
bromide (EDB) (Final Draft),
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
S. J. Bosch, D. A. Gray, M. W. Neal, and J.
Santodonato. Mar 85, 187p EPA/600/X-84/181,
ECAO-CIN-412
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on ethylene dibromide. The Criteria
Document is an extensive review of the following
topics: Physical and chemical properties of ethylene
dibromide, toxicokinetics and human exposure to eth-
ylene dibromide, health effects of ethylene dibromide
in humans and animals, mechanisms of toxicity of eth-
ylene dibromide, and quantification of toxicological ef-
fects of ehtylene dibromide.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, Reviews, Physical properties, Reaction kinetics,
Chemical properties, Industrial medicine, Exposures,
Bromine organic compounds, Water pollution, Public
health, Laboratory animals, Risk, Carcinogens, Muta-
gens, "Drinking water, "Water pollution standards,
Environmental health, "Water pollution
effects(Humans), "Water pollution effects(Animals),
"Ethane/dibromo, Case studies, Health risk, Occupa-
tional safety and health, Chemical reaction mecha-
nisms, Path of pollutants, Water pollution abatement.
PB86-118254/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Molybde-
num (Final Draft). Scientific review.
Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH.
Jan 85,182p* TR-540-29D
Contract EPA-68-01 -6750
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on molybdenum. This Criteria Docu-
ment is an extensive review of the following topics:
Physical and chemical properties of molybdenum; Tox-
icokinetics and human exposure to molybdenum;
Health effects of molybdenum in humans and animals;
Mechanisms of toxicity of molybdenum; Quantification
of toxicological effects of molybdenum.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, "Molybdenum, Physical properties, Chemical
properties, Exposures, Public health, Carcinogens,
Mutagens, "Drinking water, "Water pollution stand-
ards, "Environmental health, "Water pollution
effects(Humans), "Water pollution effects(Animals),
Toxicokinetics, Health risk.
PB86-118262/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Asbestos
(Final Draft). Scientific review,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
C. S. Mullin, and Y. Patel. Mar 85,176p* EPA/600/X-
84/199-1, ECAO-CIN-422
No abstract available.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, 'Asbestos, Reviews, Physical properties, Reac-
tion kinetics, Chemical properties, Industrial medicine,
Exposures, Water pollution, Public health, Laboratory
animals, Risk, Carcinogens, Mutagens, "Drinking
water, "Water pollution standards, "Environmental
health, "Water pollution effects(Humans), "Water pol-
lution effects(Animals), Toxicokinetics, Case studies,
Health risk, Occupational safety and health, Chemical
reaction mechanisms, Path of pollutants, Water pollu-
tion abatement.
PB86-118270/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Viruses
(Final Draft). Scientific review,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
G. Berg. Jun 85, 240p* ECAO-CIN-451
Prepared in cooperation with Cincinnati Univ., OH
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The Office of Drinking Water, U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, has prepared a drinking water criteria
document on viruses. This document includes an ex-
tensive review of the following topics: Occurrence in
water; Health effects in animals; Health effects in
humans; Mechanisms of disease; Risk assessment.
Keywords: "Potable water, 'Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, "Viruses, Microorganisms, Reviews, Physical
properties, Reaction kinetics, Chemical properties, In-
dustrial medicine, Exposures, Ground water, Surface
waters, Sewage, Water pollution, Public health, Labo-
ratory animals, Risk, Carcinogens, Mutagens, "Drink-
ing water, "Water pollution standards, "Environmental
health, "Water pollution effects(Humans), "Water pol-
lution effects(Animals), Case studies, Health risk, Oc-
cupational safety and health, Chemical reaction mech-
anisms, Path of pollutants, Water pollution abatement.
PB86-118288/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Sliver (Final
Draft). Scientific review,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
L. S. Erdreich, R. F. Bruins, and J. Withey. Mar 85,
97p* EPA/600/X-85/040, ECAO-CIN-026
Prepared in cooperation with Health and Welfare
Canada, Ottawa (Ontario).
No abstract available.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, "Silver, Reviews, Physical properties, Reaction ki-
netics, Chemical properties, Industrial medicine, Expo-
sures, Metals, Water pollution, Public health, Laborato-
ry animals, Risk, Carcinogens, Mutagens, "Drinking
water, "Water pollution standards, "Environmental
health, "Water pollution effects(Humans), "Water pol-
lution effects(Animals), Toxicokinetics, Heavy metals,
Case studies, Health risk, Occupational safety and
health, Chemical reaction mechanisms, Path of pollut-
ants, Water pollution abatement.
PB86-118296/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Sulfate
(Final Draft). Scientific review.
Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH.
Jan 85,57p* TR-540-35D
Contract EPA-68-01 -6750
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on sulfate. This Criteria Document
is an extensive review of the following topics: Physical
and chemical properties of sulfate; Toxicokinetics and
human exposure to sulfate; Health effects of sulfate in
humans and animals; Mechanisms of toxicity of sul-
fate; Quantification of toxicological effects of sulfate.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, "Sulfates, Physical properties, Chemical proper-
ties, Exposures, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Public
health, "Drinking water, "Water pollution standards,
"Water pollution effects(Humans), "Water pollution
effects(Animals), "Environmental health, Toxicokine-
tics.
PB86-118304/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Quantification of Toxicological Effects Section of
the Drinking Water Criteria Document on Lead
(Draft). Scientific review,
Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH.
W. L. Marcus. Nov 84, 86p" TR-540-132
Contract EPA-68-01-6750
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
The Criteria and Standards Division (CSD), U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency has prepared a section
on the toxicological effects of lead exposure through
drinking water. This lead section may be read with the
Air Quality Criteria Document for lead prepared by the
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office
(ECAO), U.S. EPA. The toxicological effects section is
a review of the following topics: Biochemical Indices of
Lead Exposure; Metabolism of lead; Assessment of
lead exposures and absorption in human populations;
Biological effects of lead exposure; Evaluation of
human health risks associated with exposure to lead.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, "Lead, Biochemistry, Metabolism, Physical prop-
erties, Chemical properties, Exposures, Public health,
Carcinogens, "Drinking water. Water pollution stand-
ards, 'Environmental health, "Water pollution
effects(Humans), Health risk.
PB86-118312/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Polychlori-
nated Biphenyls (PCBs) (Final Draft). Scientific
review,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
P. Goetchius, D. A. Gray, M. B. Remington, D. L. Tullis,
and M. W. Neal. Apr 85,33Sp EPA/600/X-84/198-1,
ECAO-CIN-414
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on PCBs. The Criteria Document is
an extensive review of the following topics: Physical
and chemical properties of PCBs, Toxicokinetics and
human exposure to PCBs, Health Effects of PCBs in
humans and animals, Mechanisms of toxicity of PCBs,
and Quantification of toxicological effects of PCBs.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, Reviews, Physical properties, Reaction kinetics,
Cnemical properties, Industrial medicine, Exposures,
Chlorine organic compounds, Water pollution, Public
health, Laboratory animals, Risk, Carcinogens, Muta-
gens, "Drinking water, "Water pollution standards,
Environmental health, "Water pollution
effects(Humans), "Water pollution effects(Animals),
"Polychlorinated biphenyls, Case studies, Health risk,
Occupational safety and health, Chemical reaction
mechanisms, Path of pollutants, Water pollution abate-
ment.
PB86-118320/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Vinyl Chlo-
ride (Final Draft). Scientific review.
Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH.
Jan 85,125p* TR-540-162
Contract EPA-68-01 -6750
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on vinyl chloride. The Criteria Docu-
ment is an extensive review of the following topics:
Physical and chemical properties of vinyl chloride; Tox-
icokinetics and human exposure to vinyl chloride;
Health effects of vinyl chloride in humans and animals;
Mechanisms of toxicity of vinyl chloride; Quantification
of toxicological effects of vinyl chloride.
Keywords: 'Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, "Vinyl chloride, Water pollution, Public health,
Carcinogens, Mutagens, "Drinking water, "Water pol-
lution standards, "Environmental health, "Water pollu-
tion effects(Humans), "Water pollution
effects(Animals), Toxicokinetics, Health risk, Chemical
reaction mechanisms.
PB86-118338/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Health Advisories for 52 Chemicals Which Have
Been Detected In Drinking Water.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
30 Sep 85, 756p
Includes 52 individual health advisory reports.
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) has prepared Health
Advisories for 52 chemicals which have been detected
in drinking water. Health Advisories are non-regulatory
guidance which provide information on health effects,
analytical methodology and treatment technology that
would be useful in dealing with contamination of drink-
ing water. Health Advisories also describe concentra-
tions of contaminants in drinking water at which ad-
verse effects would not be expected to occur. Health
Advisories have been prepared for each of these
chemicals.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, "Chemical compounds, Reviews, Physical prop-
erties, Reaction kinetics, Chemical properties. Industri-
al medicine. Exposures, Water pollution, Public health,
Laboratory animals, Risk, Carcinogens, Mutagens,
"Drinking water, "Water pollution standards, "Environ-
mental health, "Water pollution effects(Humans),
"Water pollution effects(Animals), Case studies,
Health risk, Occupational safety and health, Chemical
reaction mechanisms, Path of pollutants, Water pollu-
tion abatement.
PB86-118460/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Analysis of Regional Visibility in the Southwest
Using Principal Component and Back Trajectory
Techniques. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
M. Pitchford, and A. Pitchford. 1985,18p EPA/600/J-
85/225
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v19 n8 p1301-1316
1985.
Approximately 3 years of visibility data from a 13-sta-
tion teleradiometer network in the southwest desert is
the basis for the analysis presented. Principal compo-
nent analysis is employed to identify regions of similar-
ly varying visibility for the entire data set and by sea-
sons. 'North', 'Center', and 'South' regions are identi-
fied in each of the four seasons. These regions change
their size, shape and location somewhat through the
seasons and thus are referred to as groups with each
group containing four seasonal regions. A method to
calculate transport extinction budgets is demonstrated
for the three visibility groups.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Visibility, Utah, Colorado,
Arizona, New Mexico, Factor analysis, Reprints.
Southwest Region(United States), Principal compo-
nents analysis, Extinction coefficients.
PB86-118478/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Influence of the Time of Acidification after
Sample Collection on the Preservation of Drinking
Water for Lead Determination. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
R. G. Miller, J. U. Doerger, F. C. Kopfler, J. Stober, and
P. Roberson. 1985,6p EPA/600/J-85/065
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry 57, n6 p1020-1023 May
85.
It has been suggested that to obtain accurate data for
trace metal analysis of drinking water, immediate acidi-
fication at the time of collection is necessary. Howev-
er, because of problems encountered by EPA in field
operations and epidemiology studies, further investiga-
tion into this requirement was pursued. Drinking waters
containing known concentrations of lead were acidi-
fied at different time intervals after collection. The
water samples were then stored at room temperature
for varying time intervals before analysis for lead. For
each time period there were seven samples with three
aliquots from each taken for analysis in duplicate by
flameless Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
(AAS). All samples that were acidified gave a higher
lead value than those samples containing lead but
were not acidified. There were lead recovery variabili-
ties among the time periods studies, however, it was
evident that acidification of water samples after collec-
tion could be delayed up to 14 days without any ad-
verse effect on lead concentration data.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Metals, "Lead(Metal),
"Water analysis, "Acidification, Trace elements, Field
tests, Epidemiology, Concentration(Composition),
Chemical analysis, Sampling, Water pollution, Re-
prints, "Water pollution detection, Flameless atomic
absorption analysis, Heavy metals.
PB86-118486	Not available NTIS
Optimization of Treatment Plant Operation. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
I. J. Kugelman, and J. M. Houthoofd. c1985,4p EPA/
600/J-85/218
Prepared in cooperation with Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem,
PA. Center for Marine and Environmental Studies.
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation
57, n6 p555-557, Jun 85.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
A review of the literature on upgrading the operation of
wastewater treatment plants covers 61 citations con-
cerning management, operation, maintenance, and
training; process control and modelling; instrumenta-
tion and automation; and energy savings.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, Optimization, Manage-
ment, Operations, Maintenance, Education, Mathe-
matical models, Automation, Reprints.
PB86-118494	Not available NTIS
Dermal Absorption and Disposition of 1,3-Diphen-
ylguanidine in Rats. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
P. V. Shah, M. R. Sumler, Y. M. loannou, H. L. Fisher,
and L. L. Hall. c1985,12p EPA/600/J-85/226
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC., and National Inst, of En-
vironmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park,
NC.
Pub. in Jnl of Toxicology and Environmental Health 15,
n5 P623-633 Oct 85.
Dermal absorption, distribution, and metabolism of 1,3-
diphenylguanidine (DPG), widely used as an accelera-
tor in processing rubbers and in food packaging, was
studied in adult female Sprague-Dawley rats. DPG
shows 10% penetration through clipped back skin of
the rats in 5 days. The first-order dermal absorption
rate constant as determined by least square method
was 0.021 + or - 0.002 days-1 (T 1/2 = 33.6 days).
Approximately 13% of the absorbed dose remained in
the body in 5 days. Retention in skin, muscle, liver, in-
testine and fat contributed most to the body burden of
DPG-derived radioactivity in 5 days. All tissues showed
tissue to blood ratios greater than 1, with liver and in-
testine ratios of 26 at 5 days. Approximately 61 % of
the absorbed dose was eliminated into urine and 27%
into feces in 5 days, showing rapid clearance of ab-
sorbed DPG from the body. HPLC analysis of urine re-
vealed two major peaks (parent compound and
metabolite(s)). Within 72 hr, approximately 50% of the
DPG-derived radioactivity excreted in the urine was
parent compound.
Keywords: *Skin(Anatomy), "Toxicology, Rats, Labo-
ratory animals, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism,
Pathology, Reprints, "Guanidine/diphenyl.
PB86-118502/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Assessments from Simple Test
Systems and a Microcosm: Comparisons of Mone-
tary Costs,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
K. T. Perez, and G. E. Morrison. Oct 85,10p EPA/600/
D-85/270, ERLN-590
Pub. in Multispecies Toxicity Testing, p89-95 1985.
Monetary costs were compared for the environmental
assessments of an organic chemical using a test mi-
crocosm which simulated a real environment and a
suite of simple test systems currently used. It was
found that the microcosms were cost-competitive with
the simple test systems. In addition, it is argued that
the differences in the form and quality of information
generated from these two types of test systems pro-
vides further incentive to use complex, site-specific mi-
crocosms in the environmental assessment process.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Toxicity, 'Organ-
ic compounds, 'Cost analysis, Assessments, Compar-
ison, Reprints, "Microcosms, "Toxic substances.
PB86-118510/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Analysis of EPA (Environmental Protection
Agency) Protocol Gases Used for Calibration and
Audits of Continuous Emission Monitoring Sys-
tems and Ambient Air Analyzers - Results of Audit
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. S. Wright, E. L. Tew, C. E. Decker, and D. J. von
Lehmden. Oct 85,17p EPA/600/D-85/268
Contract EPA-68-02-4125
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A performance audit was conducted on EPA Protocol
Gases used for calibration and audits ot continuous
emission monitoring systems and ambient air analyz-
ers. Fifty gaseous pollutant calibraton standards were
472 Vol. 90, No. 24
purchased from eleven specialty gas producers.
These standards contained sulfur dioxide in nitrogen
(70 and 300 ppm), nitric oxide in nitrogen (70 and 400
ppm), and carbon monoxide in air (30 ppm). Seventy
percent of the producers' certified concentrations
were accurate to within plus or minus 2 percent and 94
percent of the concentrations were accurate to within
plus or minus 5 percent. These accuracies are signifi-
cantly better than the accuracies obtained during a
1981 audit of commercial cylinder gases. In general,
the lower concentration sulfur dioxide EPA Protocol
Gases were less accurate than other EPA Protocol
Gases. A secondary purpose of the audit was to exam-
ine the EPA Protocol Gases certificates of analysis for
the inclusion of all data required by the protocol. In
general, the producers supplied most of the informa-
tion required on their certificates of analysis.
Keywords: "Monitors, "Calibrating, "Gas analysis,
Audits, Performance evaluation, Standards,
Concentration(Composition), Sulfur dioxide, Carbon
monoxide, Nitrogen oxide(NO), "Continuous emission
monitoring systems, "Air pollution detection.
PB86-118528/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Unifying Scaler for Bloassay Tests. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OFI.
M. A. Shirazi, and W. J. Hart. 1984,31 p EPA/600/J-
84/342
Pub. in International Society of Ecological Modeling
Jnl., v6 n3-4 p25-53 Dec 84.
An extensive set of interlaboratory root bioassay data
was unified using centroids of individual tests as scal-
ers. It is shown that the dose response obeys a first
order differential equation with the constant of the
equation related to the sensitivity of the dose response
relationship evaluated in the central portion of the uni-
fied curve. The solution to the equation approximates
the data rather well, making it suitable for prediction. A
wide range of applications of the results demonstrate
the utility of the approach and its potential for use in
other bioassay work.
Keywords: "Bioassay, 'Scale(Ratio), "Centroids, "En-
vironmental surveys, "Root crops, Experimental
design, Dosage, Ecology, Laboratory animals, Ani-
mals, Fishes, Microorganisms, Plants(Botany), Re-
prints, 'Toxic substances, Numerical solution.
PB86-118536	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Growth and Reproduction of the Earthworm 'El-
senia fetida' after Exposure to Sublethal Concen-
trations of Metals. Journal article,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
E. F. Neuhauser, M. R. Malecki, and R. C. Loehr.
C1984, 10p EPA/600/J-84/343
Grant EPA-R-810006
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Pub. in Pedobiologia 27, p89-97 1984.
The use of land for the treatment and disposal of vari-
ous wastes has resulted in a desire for more informa-
tion concerning the effects of these materials on the
soil ecosystem. Earthworms are often studied as a
representative organism of the soil biota that may be
affected by changes in soil environment. They are af-
fected by a wide variety of man's activities and have
been studied in soils affected by mining, high applica-
tions of animal wastes containing copper and land dis-
posal of sludge. Metals are a potentially toxic compo-
nent of many waste materials and their effect on earth-
worm growth and reproduction has been evaluated.
This information is needed to determine the utility of
earthworms for monitoring the effectiveness of reme-
dial action (i.e., clean-up and reclamation) at hazard-
ous waste spills/sites.
Keywords: "Metals, 'Sewage disposal, 'Worms, "Tox-
icity, Hazardous materials, Reproduction(Biology),
Growth, Exposure, Concentration(Composition),
Animal physiology. Reprints, Land application. Earth-
worms, 'Eisenia fetida.
PB86-118544	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Leaching of Pb and Zn from Spent Lubricating Oil.
Journal article,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Dept. of Plant Patholo-
gy-Entomology.
R. W. Traxler, and E. M. Wood. c1985,11 p EPA/600/
J-85/209,, ERLN-X98A
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Narra-
ansett, Rl.
ub. in Developments in Industrial Microbiology, v26
p509-518 1985.
Leaching experiments with Pb- and Zn-resistant pseu-
domonads demonstrated that Pb and Zn were leached
from spent lubricating oil into water under both aerobic
and anaerobic conditions. Leaching of the metal from
oil was more efficient into seawater than into fresh
water. Differences in the leaching dynamics of Pb and
Zn suggest different mechanisms for these two
metals. Chromatographic data indicate that a portion
of both the Pb and Zn leached into seawater is present
as an organo-metal complex.
Keywords: "Lead(Metal), "Zinc, 'Lubricating oils,
"Leaching, 'Water pollution. Sediments, Microorga-
nisms, Degradation, Pseudomonadales, Bacteria,
Tolerances(Physiology), Chromatographic analysis,
Anaerobic processes, Reprints.
PB86-118551/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comments on 'Scale Factors in Soil Science'.
Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
M. A. Shirazi. 1985, 4p EPA/600/J-85/210
Pub. in Soil Science Society of America Jnl. 49, p789-
790 May/Jun 85.
Tillotson and Nielsen (1984) made a useful contribu-
tion by emphasizing that the method of functional nor-
malization' is unrelated to similarity principles, and
scale factors obtained from the use of the method are
not physically based. They illustrate a simplified ver-
sion of the method by applying it to analysis of data on
microbial C02 production in soils. They used 'inspec-
tional analysis' together with actual analytical solution
of system equations. They solved a non-dimensiona-
lized first order partial differential equation describing
diffusion of C02 within a soil matrix of depth I with a
uniformly distributed source term representing microbi-
al C02 production.
Keywords: "Soil science, Mathematical models, Diffu-
sion, Carbon dioxide, Microorganisms, Scale(Ratio),
Biological productivity, Reprints.
PB86-118569	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Toxicity of Selected Organic Chemicals to the
Earthworm 'Eisenia fetida. Journal article,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
E. F. Neuhauser, R. C. Loehr, M. R. Malecki, D. L.
Milligan, and P. R. Durkin. C1985,8p EPA/600/J-85/
211
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Pub. in. Jnl. of Environmental Quality, v14 n3 p383-388
Jun85.
A number of methods recently have been developed
to biologically evaluate the impact of man's activities
on soil ecosystems. Two test methods, the 2-d contact
test and the 14-d artificial soil test, were used to evalu-
ate the impact of six major classes of organic chemi-
cals on the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Of the organic
chemicals tested, phenols and amines were the most
toxic to the worms, followed in descending order of
toxicity by the substituted aromatics, halogenated ali-
phatics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and phtha-
lates. No relationship was found between earthworm
toxicity as determined by the contact test and rat,
Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout and mouse, Mus mus-
culus L. LD. values.
Keywords: 'Worms, 'Organic compounds. 'Toxicity,
Soil tests, Phenols, Amines, Aromatic polycyclic hydro-
carbons, Halohydrocarbons, Phthalates, Rodents,
Tables(Data), 'Eisenia fetida, Earthworms.
PB86-118S77/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Volatility of Ten Priority Pollutants from Fortified
Avian Toxicity Teat Diet*. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. K. McCrady, D. E. Johnson, and L. W. Turner. 1985
13p EPA/600/J-85/213
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
With a few important exceptions, most pesticides have
low volatility. However, a significant number of the in-
dustrial chemicals under the jurisdiction of TSCA have
sufficient volatility to affect availability in fortified test
diets and consequently the test results. Although ex-
tremely volatile chemicals might evaportate from test
diets, there is insufficient data to indicate what levels
of volatility are of concern. Volatility may be only one of
a variety of factors influencing the fate of organic
chemicals in test diets. Other mechanisms such as hy-
drolysis, adsorption, and photolysis should also be
considered, but for many chemicals having significant
vapor pressures, volatility is likely to be the major
source of loss.
Keywords: "Pesticides, * Air pollution, 'Toxicity, Vola-
tility, Sources, Hydrolysis, Adsorption, Photolysis, Lab-
oratory animals, Reprints, "Hazardous air pollutant
prioritization system, "Toxic substance, "Volatile or-
ganic compounds, "Emission factors, Path of pollut-
ants.
PB86-118585/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH. Physical and Chemical Methods Branch.
Validation of Soxhlet Extraction Procedure for
SW-846.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
L. C. Michael, M. A. Moseley, J. W. Hines, and E. D.
Pellizzari. Oct 85, 44p EPA/600/4-85/073
Contract EPA-68-03-3099
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring and Support
Lab.-Cincinnati, OH. Physical and Chemical Methods
Branch.
The objective of this work assignment was to conduct
a single-laboratory evaluation of the Soxhlet Extraction
Procedure (Method 3540, SW-846) for the analysis of
hazardous waste components in spent diatomaceous
earth filter materials. The validation consisted of two
phases: Phase 1, in which accuracy and precision
were evaluated with diatomaceous earth fortified with
a variety of analytes; and Phase 2, in which precision
was determined by analysis of diatomaceous earth for-
tified with pesticide manufacturing waste. Several forti-
fication/homogenization procedures were proposed
and evaluated to accomplish Phase 1 objectives. The
results show Method 3540 to be both accurate (aver-
age recovery: 90%) and precise (average percent rela-
tive standard deviation: 8%) on the recovery of nonvo-
latile analytes from diatomaceous earth.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Chemical analysis,
"Chemical industry, "Filtration, "Diatomaceous earth,
Performance evaluation, Pesticides, Experimental
design, Assessments, Sampling, "Soxhlet extraction
procedure, "Liquid wastes, EPA method 3540.
PB86-118619/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
New Technology (or the Control of Aerosols from
Stationary Sources,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
N. Plaks. Oct 85,23p EPA/600/D-85/252
The paper discusses an EPA program to develop new
technologies for controlling particulate matter from
stationary sources, including both electrostatically
augmented fabric filtration (ESFF) and electrostatic
precipitators (ESPs). The first generation ESFF
system, using an electrostatic field parallel to the fabric
surface, provides reductions in pressure drop to about
50% of that in conventional fabric filtration for both re-
verse-air and pulse-jet operation. Second generation
(or Super) ESFF, utilizing an electrostatic field perpen-
dicular to the fabric surface, provides reductions in
pressure drop to 10-30%. Large diameter corona elec-
trodes in ESPs have decreased the penetration up to a
factor of 4, compared with conventional small diameter
corona electrodes. Work on the multistage ESP has
shown that, for high resistivity particulate matter, an
ESP can be built that performs equivalent to a conven-
tional ESP 4 to 5 times larger. E-SOX utilizes the mul-
tistage technology to free space in an existing ESP for
S02 removal of 60-90% by injecting alkaline reagents.
Improved computer modeling is allowing more rapid
and economical ESP designs.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Aerosols,
Sources, Technology, Electrostatic precipitators, Parti-
cles, Electric power plants, Fly ash, Sulfur dioxide,
Boilers, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, "Sta-
tionary sources, Electrostatic fabric filters, Fabric fil-
ters, Flue gas desulfurization, E-SOX process.
PB86-118635	Not available NTIS
In situ Analysis of Trifluorothymidlne-Reslstant
(TFT(sup r) Mutants of L5178Y/TK(sup + /-)
Mouse Lymphoma Cells. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. M. Moore, D. Clive, B. E. Howard, A. G. Batson, and
N. T. Turner. c1985,14p EPA/600/J-85/184
Prepared in cooperation with Burroughs Wellcome
Co., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in Mutation Research 151, p147-159 Aug 85.
TFTr mutants of L5178Y/TK+/- mouse lymphoma
cells are analyzed as they appear in situ following clon-
ing and incubation for 9-11 days in soft agar cloning
medium. These TFTr mutants can be divided by colony
size into sigma, small colony, and lambda, large
colony, mutants. The use of a size discriminator on an
automatic colony counter allows the production of
histograms to evaluate the size distribution of colonies
on a plate. The evaluation of these size distribution
curves provides insight into the properties of sigma
and lambda mutants. From these analyses several
conclusions may be drawn. The sigma phenotype is
preferentially associated with the TFTr subpopulation
of a treated culture. The sigma phenotype is not an ar-
tifact of delayed toxicity following treatment. The fre-
quency of quantifiable sigma mutants is not affected
by agar concentrations between 0.20% and 0.45% in
the cloning medium. TFTr sigma mutants are produced
spontaneously and can be induced by a variety of mu-
tagens. The decline in overall detectable mutant fre-
quency observed for some mutagens with increasing
time after treatment is due to the decline in sigma
mutant frequency. The quantitation of both sigma and
lambda mutants is thus useful in obtaining maximum
utility of the information provided by the L5178Y/TK
+ /- mouse lymphhoma assay.
Keywords: "Lymphomas, Lymphatic diseases, Mice,
Cells(Biology), Reprints, "Thymidine/trifluoro.
PB86-118643	Not available NTIS
Acute Toxicity of Organic Chemical Mixtures to
the Fathead Minnow. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
S. Broderius, and M. Kahl. c1985,18p EPA/600/J-85/
223
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Univ.-Superi-
or. Center for Lake Superior Environmental Studies.
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology 6, p307-3221985.
The acute joint toxicity of industrial organic chemicals
to the fathead minnow was determined for binary and
equitoxic multiple chemical mixtures. Results from
binary tests were used to define isoboie diagrams. The
degree of joint toxic action was determined among 27
chemicals from seven different chemical classes. The
slopes of the acute concentration response relation-
ships were quite similar for all test chemicals. This sug-
gests that the mode of acute toxic action for these
chemicals is alike though it may not be identical. Intoxi-
cation signs of fish exposed to nearly all test chemicals
were also similar and indicative of an anesthetic like
effect. The results of isoboie diagrams for binary mix-
tures, with 1 -octanol as the reference chemical, dem-
onstrated a near concentration additive acute joint
action over a wide range of mixture ratios for each
chemical from 7 different classes.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Toxicity, 'Minnows,
"Water	pollution,	Mortality,
Concentration(Composition), Industrial wastes, Mix-
tures, Exposure, Narcosis, Test methods, Reprints,
"Pimephales promelas.
PB86-118650	Not available NTIS
Comparison of Rat Liver Foci Assay and Strain a
Mouse Lung Tumor Assay to Detect Carcinogens:
A Review. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
M. A. Pereira, andG. D. Stoner. C1985,13p EPA/600/
J-85/222
Prepared in cooperation with Medical Coll. of Ohio at
Toledo.
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 5, p688-
6991985.
A comparison was performed of the results reported in
the literature of chemicals tested in the rat liver foci
assay and/or in the strain A lung tumor assay to the re-
sults of the chemicals in long-term carcinogenicity
bioassays. The rat liver foci assay was sensitive to
69% of 54 compounds found to be carcinogenic in
long-term bioassays and the strain A lung tumor assay
to 54% of 93 carcinogens. None of the ten compounds
found to be noncarcinogenic in long-term bioassays
were active in the rat liver foci assay, while seven of 23
non-carcinogens (30%) were active in the lung tumor
assay. Ten of the 16 carcinogens negative in the rat
liver foci assay are believed to be tumor promoters; 3
are direct-acting alkylating agents (dimethylsulfate,
epichiorohydrin, and beta-propiolactone); and the re-
maining 4 are azobenzene, 1,2-dibromoethane, oxaze-
pam and thioacetamide.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Malignant neoplasms,
"Bioassays, Rats, Liver, Mice, Comparison, Reprints,
"Carcinogenesis, Cancer.
PB86-118668/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Haloacetonitrlle Excretion as Thiocyanate and In-
hibition of Dimethylnitrosamine Demethylase: A
Proposed Metabolic Scheme. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
M. A. Pereira, L. H. C. Lin, and J. K. Mattox. 1984,11 p
EPA/600/J-84/344
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health
13, P633-641 Jul 84.
Haloacetonitriles, contaminants present in chlorinated
drinking water, were administered orally to rats and the
urinary excretion of thiocyanate was measured as an
index of cyanide release. The urinary excretion of thio-
cyanate accounted for 14.2% of the dose of monoch-
loroacetonitrile; 7.7 to 12.8% of the dose of bromoch-
loro-, dichloro- and dibromoacetonitrile and 2.25% of
the dose of trichloroacetonitrile. The haloacetonitriles
inhibited rat liver microsomal dimethylnitrosamine
(DMN) demethylase in an in vitro assay system. The
relative capacity of the haloacetonitriles to inhibit DMN
demethylase and to be excreted as thiocyanate did not
correlate.
Keywords: "Halogen organic compound, "Water treat-
ment, "Chlorination, "Urine, "Toxicity, Potable water,
Dosage, Laboratory animals, Enzymes, Carcinogens,
In vitro analysis, Toxicity, Inhibitors, Metabolism, Thio-
cyanates, Bioassay, Reprints, "Environmental health,
"Water pollution effects(Animals), Nitrosamine/di-
methyl, Nitrosamine/diethyl, Acetonitrile/dibromo,
Acetonitrile/dichloro, Acetonitrile/bromochloro.
PB86-118676	Not available NTIS
Effects of CI02 on the Absorption and Distribu-
tion of Dietary Iodide in the Rat. Journal article^
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
R. M. Harrington, H. G. Shertzer, and J. P. Bercz.
C1985,8p EPA/600/J-85/220
Prepared in cooperation with Cincinnati Univ. Medical
Center, OH.	.
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 5, p672-
678 1985.
Aqueous chlorine dioxide (CI02), an alternative disin-
fectant for drinking water, was found to decrease gas-
trointestinal (Gl) bioavailability of dietary iodide. It has
been previously reported that subchronic exposure to
CI02 decreases thyroxine (T4) levels in nonhuman pri-
mates. In this study in vitro experiments with animal
feed, isolated rat stomachs, as well as in vivo studies
with intact rats, showed that CI02 in drinking water (at
in situ concentrations as low as 2 ppm) oxidizes iodide
to its reactive elemental (radical) state, binding it to or-
ganic substances present in the Gl tract. A single in-
stance of acute exposure to CI02, however, did not
decrease blood iodide levels, or thyroid glandular
uptake of iodine.
Keywords: "Chlorine dioxide, "Iodine, "Toxicology,
Disinfectants, Rats, Laboratory animals, Absorption,
Distribution, Diets, Reprints, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB86-118684/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Improved Methods of Analysis for Chlorate, Chlo-
rite, and Hypochlorite Ions at the Sub-mg/L Level,
Miami Univ., Oxford, OH. Dept. of Chemistry.
G. Gordon. Oct 85,43p EPA/600/4-85/074
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Support Lab.-Cincinnati, OH.
A modified iodometric method is reported to measure
chlorate ion at the sub-mg/L level with high precision
and accuracy. Hexane and nitrogen are used as
shielding agents. Chlorate ion is reduced by iodide ion
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
in 6M hydrochloric acid. Saturated sodium phosphate
solution is used to lower the hydrogen ion and the lib-
erated iodine is titrated with standard sodium thiosul-
fate. The end-point is detected using Thyodene as the
indicator or by the color of iodine in the hexane layer.
An analytical scheme is reported to speciate hypochlo-
rite, chlorite, and chlorate ions in a mixture at the sub-
mg/L level. Chlorate ion is determined directly by a
modified iodometric method. Chlorite ion is determined
directly by the modified Suzuki-Gordon method where
the chlorine and hypochlorous acid are converted to
hypochlorite ion. The titration end-point is determined
by a potentiometric method.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, "Volumetric analysis,
'Sediments, 'Water pollution, Performance evalua-
tion, Concentration(Composition), Ions, Microorga-
nisms, 'Chlorate ions, "Chlorite ions, "Hypochlorite
ions, "Iodometric method, "Water pollution detection,
"Solid wastes.
PB86-118692/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Structure-Activity Relationships for Screening Or-
ganic Chemicals for Potential Ecotoxicity Effects.
Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
G. D. Veith, D. De Foe, and M. Knuth. 1985,11 p EPA/
600/J-85/224
Pub. in Drug Metabolism Reviews 15, n7 P1295-1303
1985.
The paper presents structure-activity relationships
(QSAR) for estimating the bioconcentration factor and
acute toxicity of some classes of industrial chemicals
using only the n-octanol/water partition coefficient
(Log P) which is derived from chemical structure. The
bioconcentration factor is estimated by the equation:
Log BCF = 0.79 Log P - 0.40 r = 0.93 n = 122. The
acute toxicity of polar narcotic chemicals to fathead
minnows were substantially greater than non-polar
narcotics. Although a comprehensive model is not yet
discernable, industrial esters and diesters can be esti-
mated by the equation: Log LC50 = -0.535 Log P -
2.75 r = 0.91 n = 29. Guidelines for selecting tests for
ecotoxicity assessments are also presented.
Keywords: "Environmental effects, "Ecology, "Toxici-
ty, 'Organic compounds, "Molecular structure, Indus-
trial wastes, Esters, Assessments, Octanol, Water,
Partitions(Mathematics), Fishes, Reprints, "Bioaccu-
mulation, Ecological concentration, Numerical solu-
tion, Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB86-118726/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH. Physical and Chemical Methods Branch.
Determination of Dlthiocarbamate Pesticides in
Wastewaters. Final rept. Nov 83-Apr 84,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
T. M. Engel, J. S. Warner, and W. M. Cooke. Oct 85,
58p EPA/600/4-85/072
Contract EPA-68-03-1760
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring and Support
Lab.-Cincinnati, OH. Physical and Chemical Methods
Branch.
A method was modified and validated for the determi-
nation of dithiocarbamate pesticides in wastewaters.
The developed method consists of sample pH adjust-
ment to pH 12.2; removal of indigenous CS2 by purg-
ing in a vortex evaporator; acidification of the sample
to hydrolyze dithiocarbamate pesticides to form CS2;
extraction of the CS2 from the sample into hexane;
and determination of the CS2 by gas chromatography
using a Hall detector in the sulfur mode. The final
method was applied to a wastewater obtained from a
manufacturer of a dithiocarbamate in order to deter-
mine the precision and accuracy of the method. The
quality of the standard used for nabam recovery stud-
ies was in question. Method detection limits (MDLs) in
wastewaters may be higher due to interfering com-
pounds.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Water analysis, 'Thiocarba-
mates, Gas chromatography, Extraction, pH, Perform-
ance evaluation, Evaporation, Hydrolysis, Water pollu-
tion. 'Water pollution detection.
PB86-118734	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Carcinogenicity of Chloroform in Drinking Water
to Male Osborne-Mendel Rats and Female B6C3F1
Mice. Journal article,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
T. A. Jorgenson, E. F. Meierhenry, C. J. Rushbrook, R.
J. Bull, and M. Robinson. c1985,11 p EPA/600/J-85/
221
Contract EPA-68-03-2616
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Cincin-
nati, OH.
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 5, p760-
769 Aug 85.
The carcinogenic activity of chloroform administered
at 0, 200,400, 900, and 1800 mg/liter in drinking water
was studied in male Osborne-Mendel rats and female
B6C3F1 mice. A second control group was included in
the study and was restricted to the water consumption
of the high-dose group. Animals were maintaind on
study for 104 weeks. Group sizes were adjusted at low
doses such that a detectable tumor response would
result at the lowest dose if there was a linear relation-
ship with dose, and the higher doses produced re-
sponses similar to previous carcinogenesis bioassays
of chloroform. The primary finding was that chloroform
increased the yield of renal tubular adenomas and
adenocarcinomas in male rats in a dose-related
manner. For the high-dose group, which corresponded
to a time-weighted average dose of 160 mg/kg per day
for 104 weeks, there was a 14% incidence of renal tu-
bular adenomas and adenocarcinomas, vs 1 % in the
control group. This compares to a 24% incidence ob-
served when 180 mg/kg per day of chloroform was ad-
ministered for 78 weeks in earlier studies.
Keywords: "Chloroform, "Potable water, "Toxicology,
Rats, Mice, Laboratory animals. Reprints, "Carcino-
genesis.
PB86-118759	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Interspecies Variation in Terpenoid Emissions
from Engelmann and Sitka Spruce Seedlings.
Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
R. C. Evans, D. T. Tingey, and M. L. Gumpertz. C1985,
13p EPA/600/J-85/212
Contract EPA-68-03-3124
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Pub. in Forest Science, v31 n1 p132-142 Jan 85.
The variation in response of terpenoid emmissions to
light and temperature were studied for two closely re-
lated spruce species, Engelmann(Picea engelmannii)
and Sitka(Picea sitchensis). Isoprene was the major
terpenoid emitted, accounting for approximately 75
and 69 percent of the terpenoid emissions from Engel-
mann and Sitka spruce, respectively. However, Sitka
spruce emitted isoprene at about 1 /5 the rate of En-
gelmann spruce. Isoprene emissions increased with
light and temperature in both species, but the light re-
sponse was much less in the Sitka than in the Engel-
mann spruce. (Copyright 1985, by the Society of Amer-
ican Foresters.)
Keywords: "Plants(Botany), "Air pollution. "Forest
trees, Temperature, Light(Visible radiation), Re-
sponses, Transpiration, Reprints, 'Emission factors,
'Terpenoids, Picea engelmannii, Picea sitchensis, Bu-
tadiene/methyl, Terpenes.
PB86-118791/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Assessment of Bacterial Mutagenicity Methods
for Volatile and Semi-volatile Compounds and
Mixtures. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. D. Claxton. 1985,10p EPA/600/J-85/190
Pub. in Environment International, v11 p375-382 Sep
85.
Extensive effort has been given to identifying and
quantitating the organic genotoxins associated with
airborne particles; however, very little is known about
the mutagenicity of vapors and gases, especially those
associated with ambient air samples. This overview of
the literature and recent U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency efforts examines some of the critical aspects
associated with the bacterial mutagenicity testing of
gases and vapors. For example, the sensitivity of the
test system depends upon the method of exposure
(preincubation, gases over plates, liquid suspension,
etc.); and the method-of-choice appears to depend
upon vapor pressure and the solubility of the com-
pound under investigation. Also, the selection of test
chamber and other materials is very important since
plastic petri dishes have been shown to absorb up to
85% of any haloalkane vapors within an exposure
chamber. Investigations have also shown the impor-
tance of exposure rates, method of gas mixing, role of
metabolic activation systems, the occurance of pho-
toactivation. In ambient studies, the identification and
quantitation of volatile organic mutagens is quite diffi-
cult; however, due to their abundance these efforts are
very important.
Keywords: 'Bacteria, "Mutagens, 'Air pollution,
'Chemical analysis, 'Particles, Mixtures, Test cham-
bers, Solubility, Sampling, Reprints, 'Volatile organic
compounds, "Air pollution detection, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB86-118809/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Mutagenicity of the Fractionated Organic Emis-
sions from Diesel, Cigarette Smoke Condensate,
Coke Oven, and Roofing Tar in the Ames Assay.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
A. C. Austin, L. D. Claxton, and J. Lewtas. 1985,19p
EPA/600/J-85/192
Pub. in Environmental Mutagenesis 7, p471-487 Aug
85.
Mobile and stationary sources emit particle-bound or-
ganics that have demonstrated mutagenicity. The ob-
jective of this study was to measure the mutagenicity
of the fractionated organic emissions from diesel, ciga-
rette smoke condensate (CSC), coke oven and roofing
tar in the Ames assay. This study demonstrated signifi-
cant biological differences among the four emission
sources. Within each source, the relative mutagenicity
of each fraction was significantly different in the pres-
ence and absence of an exogenous metabolic activa-
tion. In the diesel sample, over 90% of the mutagenic
activity is located in the aromatic and polar neutral
(PN) fractions, and a significant portion of this activity
can be accounted for by nitro-PNAs. Most of the muta-
genicity of the coke oven main sample was found in
the BASE and PN fractions which contained aromatic
amines and nitrogen heterocycles. The CSC sample
also had a high percent of the mutagenic activity in the
BASE fraction. Chemical analysis however, indicates
that the components in the CSC differed significantly
from those of the coke oven main sample. The roofing
tar sample contained aromatic and polar mutagenic
constituents that were not N02-PNAS. Although the
specific mutagens in these different sources are not
identical, they all cause frameshift mutations and
appear to be compounds that could be classified as
polycyclic organic matter (POM).
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Air pollution, "Exhaust emis-
sions, "Mutagens, Bioassay, Coking, Roofing materi-
als, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Aromatic
polycyclic hydrocarbons, Sources, Chemical analysis,
Reprints, "Ames test, "Stationary sources, "Air pollu-
tion detection, Diesel engine exhaust, Cigarette
smoke, Polycyclic organic matter.
PB86-118817/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Electrostatic Stimulation of Fabric Filtration - An
Update,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park. NC.
D. A. Furlong, G. P. Greiner, D. W. Van Osdell, and L
S. Hovis. Oct 85, 21 p EPA/600/D-85/245
Contract EPA-68-02-3186
See also PB82-207796. Prepared in cooperation with
ETS, Inc., Roanoke, VA. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper gives results of an investigation of the con-
cept of electrostatic stimulation of fabric filtration
(ESFF) on a slipstream ol a pulverized-coal-fired boiler
using reverse-air-cleaned woven fiberglass filter bags
Operation was demonstrated using ESFF at a glass-
to-cloth ratio (G/C) of 6. An un-electrified control
house was operated simultaneously at a G/C of 3
Under these conditions, the ESFF house maintained a
pressure drop equal to or less than that of the control
baghouse. In addition to reducing the filter cake pres-
sure drop, ESFF was observed to apparently have
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
long term benefits in preventing irremovable dust
buildup in the fabric.
Keywords: * Air pollution control equipment, 'Glass
fibers, 'Electrostatics, "Dust control, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Air filters, Performance evalua-
tion, Aerosols, Boilers, Pressure tests, Particles, 'Elec-
trostatic fabric filters, "Baghouses, Fabric filtration.
PB86-118825/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Fuel Oil Reburning Application for NOx Control to
Flretube Package Boilers,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. A. Mulholland, and R. E. Hall. Oct 85,30p EPA/600/
D-85/262
The paper discusses retrofitting two 1.0 MW (3.5 mil-
lion Btu/hr) firetube package boilers for fuel oil reburn-
ing application for NOx emission control. An overall
NOx reduction of 46% from an uncontrolled emission
of 125 ppm (dry, at 0% 02) was realized by diverting
20% of the total boiler load to a distillate-fuel-oil-fired
second stage burner; a 51% NOx reduction from 265
ppm was achieved in a distillate/residual fuel oil mix-
ture (0.14% nitrogen content) reburning application.
Nitrogen-free fuel oil reburning was found to be slightly
more effective at reducing NOx than natural gas re-
burning, although longer fuel-rich zone residence
times were required to allow for evaporation and
mixing of the fuel oil droplets. The key parameters in-
vestigated, that impact the reburning process, were:
primary flame NOx, reburn zone stoichiometry, and
reburn zone residence time. Reburning applied to fire-
tube package boilers requires minimal facility modifica-
tion.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Fuel oil, 'Nitrogen
oxides, "Firetube boilers, Pilot plants, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Oxidation reduction re-
actions, Reaction kinetics, Flammability tests, "Re-
burning processes, Combustion modification, Chemi-
cal reaction mechanisms, Stationary sources.
PB86-118858	Not available NTIS
Rat Tracheal Cell Culture Transformation System
for Assessment of Environmental Agents as Car-
cinogens and Promoters. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
V. E. Steele, and M. J. Mass. c1985,9p EPA/600/J-
85/205
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in Environment International 11, p323-329 1985.
A tracheal cell culture system which can be used for
detection of hazardous environmental agents is de-
scribed. The culture system makes use of primary tra-
cheal cells that are isolated from rats by protease di-
gestion of the tracheal epithelium. The epithelial cells
are plated on a film of collagen or onto a layer of
gamma-ray- or mitomicin-C-inactivated mouse 3T3
cells. One day after the rat tracheal cells are plated
they are exposed to toxicants, and the effect on colony
formation is tabulated after 1 week. By altering the cul-
ture conditions it has become possible to construct an
assay for carcinogen-induced transformation of rat tra-
cheal cells, which takes advantage of the observation
that normal rat tracheal cells have a finite lifetime in
culture. Rat tracheal cell transformants are visualized
as discrete colonies of proliferating epithelial cells that
arise and survive after the normal population has died
out. Their number is proportional to concentration of
carcinogen to which the cells were initially exposed.
Agents that have been shown to induce tracheal cell
transformation in culture include polycyclic hydrocar-
bons, metal salts, nitroso compounds, and cigarette
smoke condensate.
Keywords: "Call cultures, "Carcinogens, Rats, Labora-
tory animals, Trachea, Reprints, "Toxic substances.
PB86-118866/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of the Immunotoxlc Potential of Chlor-
decone with Comparison to Cyclophosphamide.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. J. Smialowicz, R. W. Luebke, M. M. Riddle, R. R.
Rogers, and D. G. Rowe. 1985,16p EPA/600/J-85/
206
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health,
v15 p561-574 1985.
The immunotoxic potential of chlordecone was evalu-
ated in male Fischer 344 rats following 10 days of
dosing by oral gavage. These results were compared
with a comparable dosing regimen with the known im-
munosuppressive drug cyclophosphamide. Significant
changes in the immune parameters examined, which
included spleen and thymus to body weight ratios, mi-
togen responsiveness to the lymphocyte mitogen con-
conavalin A and natural killer (NK) cell activity against
allogeneic W/Fu-GI rat lymphoma target cells and xen-
ogeneic YAC-1 mouse lymphoma target cells were ob-
served only at the highest dosage (10 mg/kg/day). A
significant decrement in body weight also occurred at
this dosage which suggests that the observed
changes in the immune parameters measured were
most likely due to the overt toxicity of chlordecone at
this dosage. Rats dosed over 10 days by oral gavage
with cyclophosphamide showed significant decreases
in spleen and thymus to body weight ratios at a dosage
as low as 1.5 mg/kg/day.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Drugs, Bioassay, Rats, Labo-
ratory animals, Dosage, Diets, Ingestion(Biology), Re-
prints, "Immunotoxicology, Chlordecone, Cyclophos-
phamide.
PB86-118874	Not available NTIS
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
S02 Removal by Limestone Dual Alkali. Journal ar-
ticle,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. C. S. Chang, and N. Kaplan. c1984, 9p EPA/600/J-
84/341
Contract EPA-68-02-3648
Sponsored by Industrial Environmental Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in Environmental Progress, v3 n4 p267-274, Nov
84.
The article gives results of testing (between February
1982 and March 1983) on a pilot-scale, limestone,
dual-alkali, flue gas desulfurization (FGO) system at
IERL-RTP, where testing started in 1979. These re-
sults that significant improvement in soda ash con-
sumption and filter cake quality could be achieved with
proper system control. Causes of system upset by
non-settleable solids were also identified and demon-
strated in tests. The article not only gives highlights of
recent pilot plant testing, but also generally discusses
limestone dual-alkali processes.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Sulfur di-
oxide, Flue gases, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Pilot plants, Sodium carbonates, Reprints,
"Limestone scrubbing, "Dual alkali scrubbing, Flue
gas desulfurization, Filter cake.
PB86-118882/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Eroslson Feed Chlorinators. Final
rept. Jan 83-Feb 84,
Forest Service, San Dimas, CA.
K. E. Olsen. Oct 85,48p EPA/600/2-85/126
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Erosion chlorinators were evaluated to determine their
reliability in delivering a constant chlorine dose for dis-
infecting potable water sources. Several erosion chlor-
inators are on the market, but only one has been ap-
proved for use with potable water systems in the
United States. The erosion chlorinator was shown to
provide unstable dose rates when operated in a con-
tinuous-flow mode. Intermittent flow operation provid-
ed a more stable dose rate, but the greatest degree of
dose stability resulted from a flow rate of 40 gpm, with
operating periods of 10 minutes on and 10 minutes off.
The use of erosion chlorinators should therefore be
limited to intermittent operation.
Keywords: "Chlorinators, "Water treatment, Disinfec-
tion, Reliability, Dosage, Stability, Chlorine, Perform-
ance evaluation, Flow rate, Open channel flow, "Ero-
sion chlorinators.
PB86-118890	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Mathematical Model for the Transport and Fate of
Organic Chemicals In Unsaturated/Saturated
Soils. Journal article,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.
F. T. Lindstrom, and W. T. Piver. c1985,19p EPA/600/
J-85/207
Grant EPA-R-808864
Prepared in cooperation with National Inst, of Environ-
mental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v60 p11-
28 1985.
A mathematical model, simulating the transport and
fate of nonionizable organic compounds in unsaturat-
ed/saturated porous media (soils) in a terrestrial mi-
crocosm has been developed. Using the principles of
water mass, momentum, heat energy and chemical
mass balance, the three fields: moisture, temperature,
and liquid phase chemical concentration are solved for
simultaneously by coupling the soil slab to an environ-
mentally realistic air-soil interface (a dynamic free
boundary) conditions and a prescribed height water
table. The environmental conditions at the soil sur-
face-air chamber interface are easily changed, via
geometric scaling factors, to simulate either an open
agricultural field or a landfill type of situation.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Saturated soils,
"Water pollution, Mathematical models, Moisture,
Temperature, Momentum, Heat, Water table, Earth
fills, Reprints, Unsaturated soils, "Path of pollutants.
PB86-118908/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Application of X-ray Fluorescence and Diffraction
to the Characterization of Environmental Assess-
ment Samples. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
A. C. Censullo, and F. E. Briden. 1982,8p EPA/600/J-
82/449
Pub. in Advances in X-ray Analysis, v25 p189-194
1982.
The paper reports some of the re suits of an evaluation
of the utility of the J.W. Criss fundamental parameters
computer program for environmental assessment
samples in which only one standard per element was
used an d where the standard matrix did not strictly re-
semble the unknown matrix. In general, the fundamen-
tal program, involving the application of x-ray fluores-
cence and diffraction, proved to be quite capable of
yielding meaningful results. Relative errors ranged
from 2 to 20% for a variety of sample types. This accu-
racy was obtained using only one readily available
pure compound (usually a simple inorganic oxide) as a
standard per element determined. The advantage of
this approach to a laboratory that receives a variety of
unique samples is apparent. Additionally, the computer
search of powder diffraction data of environmental
samples was shown to contribute to the speciation of
the complex samples that are encountered in environ-
mental assessments.
Keywords: "X ray fluorescence, "Diffraction, "Environ-
mental surveys, 'Chemical analysis, "X ray analysis,
Assessments, Sampling, Physical properties, Fly ash,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Coal, Scrub-
bing, Electrostatic precipitators, Air pollution control,
Reprints, "Air pollution detection, Copper smelters.
PB86-118932/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Gas Chromatographic/Fourier Transform Infrared
Analysis of Trace Organics: Feasibility of Analysis
after Collection of Organics on TENAX-GC Sor-
bent Cartridges,
Duke Univ., Durham, NC. Dept. of Chemistry.
R. A. Palmer, J. W. Childers, and M. J. Smith. Oct 85,
61 p EPA/600/4-85/066
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The combination of sorbent cartridge thermal desorp-
tion with capillary column GC/on-the-fly FTIR has
been shown effective for the detection and identifica-
tion of volatile organics in laboratory-generated mix-
tures, including the distinction between isomeric spe-
cies, at the level of a few hundred nanograms per com-
pound per cartridge. Traces of water desorbed from
the cartridges must be reduced by the insertion of a
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
dryer unit between the desorption chamber and the
GC column. Methods of lowering the detection and
identification limits to less than 100 micrograms per
compound per cartridge are proposed.
Keywords: "Trace elements, *Gas chromatography,
"Infrared spectroscopy, Chemical analysis, Feasibility,
Sorbents, Air pollution, Organic compounds, Sampling,
Performance evaluation, Fourier transform spectros-
copy, "Volatile organic compounds, "Air pollution de-
tection, "Tenax GC resins.
PB86-118940/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Gas Research Inst., Chicago, IL.
Mathematical Modeling of Emissions from Cool-
ing Towers Using Coal Gasification Wastewater.
Final rept. Nov 82-Oct 84,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. A. Green, K. E. Leese, and W. J. McMichael. Oct 85,
147p RTI-2518-01F, EPA/600/7-85/044
Contract GRI-5083-253-0805
Sponsored by Gas Research Inst., Chicago, IL., and
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report describes a computer program that calcu-
lates atmospheric emissions from counterflow cooling
towers when using pretreated coal gasification
wastewaters as tower makeup water. Air stripping and
biological oxidation are both incorporated into the
mathematical model as possible contaminant removal
mechanisms. Confirmation of model predictions was
demonstrated by a 30-cm square by 91-cm high labo-
ratory cooling tower using both simulated and real pre-
treated coal gasification wastewaters. Stripping of
volatile components was shown to be the primary con-
taminant removal mechanism. Cycles-of-concentra-
tion (i.e., the ratio of makeup water flowrate to blow-
down flowrate) is the major tower operating parameter
influencing the amount of volatile contaminants re-
maining in the blowdown.
Keywords: "Cooling towers, "Coal gasification,
"Sludge disposal, "Mathematical models, "Air pollu-
tion control, "Water pollution control, Biodeterioration,
Oxidation, Blow down, Industrial waste treatment,
Stripping, Solid waste disposal, Design criteria, Per-
formance evaluation, "Waste water reuse, Stationary
sources, Heavy metals.
PB86-118981/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
rJ'OH' Physical and Chemical Methods Branch.
US EPA (United States Environmental Protection
Agency) Extraction Method Development Study
Trace Metals in Leachate. Final rept. Sep 81-Jun
84,
Energy Resources Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA.
T. Copeland, and J. Maney. Oct 85,194p EPA/600/4-
85/071
Contract EPA-68-03-3101
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring and Support
Lab.-Cincinnati, OH. Physical and Chemical Methods
Branch.
A study was performed to determine the applicability of
currently approved analytical methods for conducting
the EP toxicity test required by the Hazardous Waste
and Consolidated Permit Program. The first phase of
the study was designed to determine the necessity for
performing digestion of the EP leachates prior to trace
element analysis and also to determine the effect, if
any, of preservation on total metal concentrations. The
second phase of the study was designed to determine
the effect of pH and time on metal concentrations in
the leachate from low-pH sludge. The third phase of
the study was designed to determine the efficiency of
the EP toxicity procedure in extracting metal spikes
from three standardized reference materials. A study
was also performed to determine if metal concentra-
tions were affected by various matrices encountered
using the EP procedures (acetic acid (0.6%), nitric acid
(0.5%), or acetic acid (0.6%)/nitric acid (0.5%)).
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Chemical analysis,
"Extraction, "Metals, Licenses, Trace elements, pH,
Concentration(Composition), Performance evaluation,
Leaching, "Sludge disposal, Standard reference mate-
rials, Procedures.
PB86-119047/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
476 Vol. 90, No. 24
Performance Evaluation of an Improved Street
Sweeper,
Air Pollution Technology, Inc., San Diego, CA.
M. W. Duncan, R. C. Jain, S. C. Yung, and R. G.
Patterson. Oct 85,19p EPA/600/D-85/228
Contract EPA-68-02-3902
See also PB85-169845. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper gives results of an evaluation of the per-
formance of an improved street sweeper (ISS) and
conventional sweepers. Dust emissions from paved
roads are a major source of urban airborne particles.
These emissions can be controlled by street cleaning,
but commonly used sweepers were not designed for
fine particle collection. A sweeper was modified to im-
prove its ability to remove fine particles from streets
and to contain its dust dispersions. Performance was
measured by sampling street solids with a vacuum
system before and after sweeping. Sieve analyses
were made on these samples. During sampling, cas-
cade impactor subsamples were collected to measure
the finer particles. Also, dust dispersions were meas-
ured.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Streets, "Dust con-
trol, Cleaning, Dust, Performance evaluation, Urban
areas, Sampling, "Street sweepers.
PB86-119062/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Destruction of Volatile Organic Compounds via
Catalytic Incineration,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
B. A. Tichenor, and M. A. Palazzolo. Oct 85,25p EPA/
600/D-85/254
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper gives results of an investigation of the effect
of catalytic incinerator design and operation the de-
struction of specific volatile organic compounds
(VOCs), both singly and in mixtures. A range of operat-
ing and design parameters were tested on a wide vari-
ety of compounds and compound mixtures. Conclu-
sions of the study, presented here as applying only to
the test catalyst and ranges of conditions tested, in-
clude: (1) VOC destruction efficiency increases with in-
creasing temperature and concentration, and with de-
creasing space velocity; (2) the destructibility of VOCs
varies according to compound class; (3) individual
VOCs have different destruction efficiencies (at a
given concentration, temperature, and space velocity);
and (4) different destruction efficiencies may be ob-
tained for a specific VOC incinerated in a mixture vs.
burned alone.
Keywords: "Incinerators, "Catalysts, "Air pollution
control, Oxidation, Performance evaluation, Design cri-
teria, Industrial wastes, Printing, Formaldehyde, Chem-
ical industry, "Volatile organic compounds.
PB86-119070/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Chemistry and Corrosiveness of Dew,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
W. E. Wilson, E. O. Edney, and D. C. Stiles. Oct 85, 7p
EPA/600/D-85/259
Increased attention has been given recently to the
impact of the deposition of acidic species on the deg-
radation of commercially important materials such as
metals and paints. Although it has been appreciated
for some time that air pollutants, especially S02, can
accelerate atmospheric corrosion and erosion proc-
esses, it has only been in the past few years that an
aggressive effort has been made to develop damage
functions that can be employed to predict the extent of
corrosion or erosion for a given set of environmental
conditions. To date all of the damage functions have
been generated by conducting regression analyses on
corrosion data obtained from field studies. These
types of analyses have shed some light on which envi-
ronmental factors play major roles in accelerating the
degradation process above that expected due to natu-
ral weathering. In particular, it has been established
that the ambient S02 concentration and the time the
exposed surfaces are wet play important roles in the
corrosion rate of metals. However these damage func-
tions are phenomenological models and their applica-
tion to environmental conditions other than those from
which they were derived may produce erroneous re-
sults. In order to evaluate the economic impact of vari-
ous control strategies, reliable damage functions must
be developed to predict the impact of a reduction in
ambient S02 concentration or the pH of the rain on the
degradation process.
Keywords: "Dew, "Corrosion, "Chemical properties,
"Degradation, "Air pollution, Metals, Paints, Field
tests, Sulfur dioxide, Concentration(Composition), pH,
Weathering, Test chambers, Economic impact, "Acid
rain.
PB86-119088/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Fly Ash Recycle In Dry Scrubbing,
Texas Univ. at Austin. Dept. of Chemical Engineering.
W. Jozewicz, and G. T. Rochelle. Oct 85, 31 p EPA/
600/D-85/257
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper describes effects of fly ash recycle in dry
scrubbing. (Previous workers have shown that the re-
cycle of product solids improves the utilization of
slaked lime-Ca(OH)2-for sulfur dioxide (S02) remov-
al by spray dryers with bag filters.) In laboratory-scale
experiments with a packed-bed reactor, utilization was
increased several-fold when the Ca(OH)2 was first
slurried with one of several different fly ashes. The en-
hancement increased with the higher loading of fly
ash-g fly ash/g Ca(OH)2. Much higher Ca(OH)2 utili-
zation was achieved when silicic acid was used in-
stead of fly ash. Scanning electron microscopy sup-
ports the explanation that Ca(OH)2 and silica dissolve
and reprecipitate as a more reactive calcium silicate.
Other major constituents of fly ash have less or no
effect at all on Ca(OH)2 utilization. The amount of cal-
cium in the fly ash did not affect the overall S02 re-
moval after Ca(OH)2 was added. Slurrying for longer
than 2 hours at higher than 60 C can improve the utili-
zation of Ca(OH)2 slurried with fly ash.
Keywords: "Fly ash, "Scrubbing, "Air pollution control
equipment, Sulfur dioxide, Calcium oxides, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Performance evalua-
tion, Sources, "Waste recycling, "Dry methods, Sta-
tionary sources, Solid wastes.
PB86-119096/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Effect of Dissolved Solids on Limestone FGD
(Flue Gas Desulfurlzatlon) Scrubbing Chemistry,
Peabody Process Systems, Inc., Stamford, CT.
D. Laslo, and E. Bakke. Oct 85, 27p EPA/600/D-85/
266
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper gives results of experiments in a 0.1 MW
pilot plant to determine the effects of high concentra-
tions of chloride ions and dissolved salts on flue gas
desulfurization (FGD) scrubbing chemistry, both in the
natural and forced oxidation modes of operation.
(Note: The tightly closed water loops in FGD systems
promote the buildup of soluble salts in the recirculating
scrubbing liquor.) As the concentration of calcium
chloride increased, significant decreases in sulfur diox-
ide (S02) removal efficiency were measured. The de-
creases are shown to be independent of absorber inlet
S02 concentration and liquid/gas ratio, but not inde-
pendent of degree of oxidation and excess limestone
in the slurry. A semi-empirical model, that explains
both natural and forced oxidation S02 removal data,
was developed. An overview of the problem and a
summary of test results to date are given in detail.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, Chemical
reactions, Flue gases, Scrubbing, Industrial wastes
Combustion products, Sulfur dioxide. Mathematical
models, "Limestone scrubbing, Flue gas desulfuriza-
tion.
PB86-119112/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Assessment of NOx Emission Factors for Direct-
Fired Heaters. Final rept. Deo 83-Jan 85,
GCA Corp., Chapel Hill, NC. GCA Technology Div.
C. R. Newman. Oct 85, 97p GCA-TR-CH-84-02, EPA/
600/7-85/047
Contract EPA-68-02-2693
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of a review of available data
on emission factors for major categories of direct-fired
heaters. Systematic studies were analyzed to develop
emission factors for oxides of nitrogen (NO*) at vari-
ous levels of combustion air preheat used in major
energy-consuming industries. Industrial fuel use in
non-boiler applications amounted to about 60% of
total industrial fuel consumption in 1980. Historically,
air pollution control of these sources has focused on
emissions of NOx. NOx, however, currently are felt to
play a role in the formation of acid precipitation. The in-
creasing use and potential for use of preheated com-
bustion air for energy conservation may result in in-
creased emissions of NOx from direct-fired process
heaters. Limited data show that NOx emission rates
rise as combustion air temperature increases. Studies
indicate that a significant market tor high temperature
heat recovery equipment for use with many types of in-
dustrial sources will exist as they become proven and
are applied to both new and existing sources. If these
devices, which can preheat combustion air to 1093-
plus C, are applied extensively, nationwide emissions
of NOx could increase significantly.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, "Heating equipment, *Air
pollution control, Assessments, Combustion products,
Industrial wastes, Sources, "Emission factors, Pre-
heaters, Acid rain.
PB86-119120/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH. Physical and Chemical Methods Branch.
Determination of Phenols in industrial and Munici-
pal Wastewaters. Rept. for 1977-1982,
IT Enviroscience, Inc., Knoxville, TN.
J. R. Florance, J. R. Hall, M. Khare, S. M. Maggio, and
J. C. Mitchell. Oct 85,148p EPA/600/4-85/068
Contract EPA-68-03-2625
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring and Support
Lab.-Cincinnati, OH. Physical and Chemical Methods
Branch.
The objective of this report is to present the data and
the research carried out to develop an analytical test
procedure for the analysis of specific organic toxic
substances in effluent wastewaters. The procedure is
for the analysis of 11 of the 114 priority or toxic pollut-
ants identified by the EPA as Category 8 - Phenols.
The procedures consist of several steps, including ex-
traction, concentration, clean up, derivatization with
pentafluorobenzyl bromide, and quantification by gas
chromatography with electron-capture detection and
flame-ionization. The report describes the work done
leading to selection of the procedures and includes
data and information on a literature search, sample
preservation procedures, elution of the compounds on
various gas chromatographic columns, several solvent
extraction efficiencies versus pH, stability of com-
pounds in water-soluble solvents, sample extract
clean up procedures, and application of the proce-
dures on effluent wastewaters.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Industrial wastes,
•Pesticides, 'Phenols, Gas chromatography, Extrac-
tion. Water analyses. Water pollution.
Concentration(Composition), Gas chromatography,
'Water pollution detection, 'Municipal wastes, Elec-
tron capture gas chromatography, Flame ionization de-
tectors, Procedures.
PB86-119138/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Assessment of the Equivalency of Three-Run Rel-
ative Accuracy Audits Versus Six-Run Relative
Accuracy Audits for Characterizing CEMS (Con-
tinuous Emission Monitoring Systems) Perform-
ance,
Entropy Environmentalists, Inc., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. R. Jernigan, and R. Rollins. Oct 85,15p EPA/600/
D-85/240
Contract EPA-68-02-4125
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
On March 14, 1984, 'Appendix F, Quality Assurance
Procedures: Procedure 1 Quality Assurance Require-
ments for Gas Continuous Emission Monitoring Sys-
tems (CEMS) for Compliance' was proposed for inclu-
sion in 40 CFR 60. Several commenters on the pro-
posal package requested that three-run relative accu-
racy audits without the 2.5 percent error confidence
coefficient be allowed in lieu of the proposed six-run
relative accuracy audit. This report compares the
equivalency of three-run versus six-run relative accura-
cy audits for characterizing gas CEMS performance,
utilizing a tentative three-run relative accuracy criterion
of < or = 15% applied to test data compiled under
the EPA-funded field audit program to evaluate the
adequacy and effectiveness of the Procedure 1 quality
assurance requirements. The results of this compari-
son indicate that the three-run < or = 15% criterion
was slightly more difficult to meet than was the six-run,
< or = 25% criterion.
Keywords: 'Auditing, 'Monitors, 'Air pollution. Per-
formance evaluation, Quality assurance, Comparison,
Error analysis, Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), Assess-
ments, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, 'Continuous
emission monitoring systems, 'Air pollution detection,
Procedures.
PB86-119146/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Technologies for Controlling Pollutants from Coal
Combustion,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
W. H. Ponder. Oct 85,25p EPA/600/D-85/253
The paper is an overview of EPA's efforts in develop-
ing technology for controlling pollutants from coal
combustion. S02, NOx, and particles are the predomi-
nant pollutants emitted from the combustion of coal.
One goal of current EPA research and development is
to reduce the costs for controlling these pollutants.
Several technologies have the capability to reduce
emissions of one or more of these pollutants. Some of
the technologies are currently available. Others will be
available over the next 5-10 years, depending on
market factors. One problem associated with most of
the currently available technologies is high cost; e.g.,
the capital cost of scrubbers can range as high as 30%
of the cost of the power plant. Some of the advanced
technologies show great promise for more efficient re-
moval of pollutants at lower costs. The cost saving po-
tential of LIMB, E-SOX, Staged ESPs, and Electrostat-
ic Enhancement of Fabric Filtration(ESFF), currently
under development by the EPA, is particularly encour-
aging; e.g., the application of LIMB (about 60% S02
removal) as a partial substitute for flue gas desulfuriza-
tion (about 90% S02 removal) may result in cost sav-
ings as great as $670 per ton S02 removed. This esti-
mate is based on a 300 M W utility boiler firing coal con-
taining about 2% sulfur. EPA's research findings are
encouraging.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Coal, 'Sulfur diox-
ide, 'Nitrogen oxides, "Particles, Technology, Cost
analysis, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Cap-
italized costs, Operating costs, Electric power plants,
Boilers, Flue ga3es, Coal fired power plants, Lime-
stone in|ection multistage burners, Electrostatic fabric
filtration, Flue gas desulfurlzation, E-SOX process.
PB86-119542/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effects of Nitrogen Oxide* on Vegetation,
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. T. Tingey. Oct 85,35p EPA/600/D-85/265
The data support the conclusion that lower plants are
relatively tolerant of N02, as are higher plants. Gas-
phase concentrations required to cause effects are
much higher than occur in the ambient. However, cau-
tion must be exercised concerning the possible effects
of nitrate and nitrite delivered to the plants via wet dep-
osition processes as thallophytes can absorb the ions
directly from the environment. Nitrite (0.5 to 1 .OmM)
can reduce the chlorophyll content of lichens and the
photosynthetic rate of algae. Additional studies are re-
quired to determine if the wet deposition rates that
occur in ambient conditions are detrimental to lower
plants.
Keywords: "Nitrogen oxides, 'Tolerances(Physiology)
'Vegetation,	Plant	physiology]
Concentration(Composition), Inorganic nitrates, Ni-
trites, Absorption, Photosynthesis, Lichens, Chloro-
phylls, Pine trees. Grasses, Populus nigra, Betula pen-
dula.
PB86-119559/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
EPA's LIMB (Environmental Protection Agency's
Limestone Injection with Multistage Burners)
Technology Development Program. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
D. G. Lachapelle. 1985,10p EPA/600/J-85/195
Pub. in Chemical Engineering Progress, v81 n5 p56-62
May 85.
The paper gives an overview of EPA's Limestone In-
jection with Multistage Burners (LIMB) program, a
progam for research, development, and demonstration
of cost-effective emissionscontrol technology for coal
fired boilers that can reduce both sulfur oxides(SOx)
and nitrogen oxides (NOx). The LIMB concept uses
low-NOx burners plus sorbent injection to control
these pollutants simultaneously. LIMB technology rep-
resents a lower cost alternative to currently available
SOx control approaches such as flue gas desuifuriza-
tion, coal cleaning, and coal switching. LIMB technolo-
gy is especially attractive where coal-fired boilers must
be retrofitted to minimize emissions of NOx and SOx,
which are major acid rain precursors. This is due to
LIMB'S relative ease of retrofit to both small and large
coal-fired boilers and its lower cost. LIMB performance
goals are: (for retrofit) to achieve a 50-60% reduction
of both SOx and NOx from uncontrolled levels; and (for
new units) to achieve a 70-80% reduction of NOx and
a 70-90% reduction of SOx from uncontrolled levels.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Sulfur
oxides, "Nitrogen oxides, 'Burners, 'Boilers, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Cost analysis, Substi-
tutes, Comparison, Technology, Research projects,
Sorbents, Performance evaluation, Solid waste dis-
posal, Reprints, 'Limestone injection multistage burn-
ers, "Low nitrogen oxides concentration firing sys-
tems, Coal fired power plants, Acid rain.
PB86-119567/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Application of Oil Agglomeration for Effluent Con-
trol from Coal Cleaning Plants. Final rept. Aug 78-
Aug 80,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
E J Mezey, T. D. Hayes, R. Mayer, and D. Dunn. Oct
85,114p EPA/600/7-85/042
Contract EPA-68-02-3108
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report discusses the potential applicability of oil
agglomeration for the control of black water effluents
from coal cleaning plants processing four different
coals. Removal and recovery of the coal from each of
the black waters produced aqueous suspensions of
mineral matter that settled more rapidly than the origi-
nal black water. The sediment recovered from the ag-
glomeration appears to be less prone to acid genera-
tion during aeration than the total black water sedi-
ment. The ash and sulfur content of the coal recovered
by agglomeration is less than that of the cleaned coal.
The quality of the recovered coal can be improved by
chemical treatment of the sediment before agglomer-
ation. Sodium sulfide appears to be one of the better
agents to use because of the simplicity of the treat-
ment process. Such pretreatment of the sediment can
reduce the pyrites by up to 50% in the recovered coal
over that without pretreatment. Even greater reduc-
tions in pyrite and ash are realized after pretreatment
when the amount of oil used for agglomeration is re-
duced from 10 to about 2% and a two-stage air-float
separation is used to recover the agglomerated coal.
The cost of the oil-agglomeration recovery of fine coal
from coal preparation effluent streams is about $18 to
$22 per ton of coal recovered, assuming an oil price of
$0.90 per gal.
Keywords: "Coal preparation, "Water pollution control,
"Agglomeration. Sediments, Desulfurization, Industrial
waste treatment, Residues, Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, Air pollution, "Air pollution abate-
ment, 'Oil agglomeration, Solid wastes, Chemical
treatment, Physical treatment.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-119575/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Effects of Residual Organic Matter on Elemental
Analyses by Spark Source Mass Spectrography
(SSMS). Final rept, Nov 78-Jun 81,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
K. T. McGregor, B. M. Myatt, R. F. Clark, D. E. Bause,
and C. Rutkowski. Oct 85, 224p GCA-TR-81-94-G,
EPA/600/2-85/125
Contract EPA-68-02-3129
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of research to define the effect
of organics in SSMS and to evaluate several sample
preparation methods for their removal. Samples of
known organic content were fabricated by diluting NBS
SRM 1633 fly ash (spiked with several trace elements)
with a mixture of organic compounds. Samples con-
taining 0,10, 50, and 90 percent organic material were
developed. These fabricated samples and NBS SRM
1632 coal were analyzed by three laboratories using
SSMA without prior pretreatment (neat) and after proc-
essing by several preparation procedures. The effects
of organic material on neat SSMS analysis were as-
sessed for the various concentration levels. Samples
containing < or = 50 percent organic material could
be successfully analyzed by SSMA without pretreat-
ment. Difficulties were encountered with 90 percent or-
ganics. Four preparation procedures (Parr oxygen
bomb, HF bomb, low temperature ashing, and mineral
acid extraction) were evaluated for removal of organic
interference and maintenance of sample integrity for
SSMS, AAS (primarily Hg), and ICP analyses. Conclu-
sions were drawn regarding their suitability for use in
the Level 1 and/or 2 analysis schemes and the bene-
fits of further research.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, "Organic compounds,
Mass spectrometry, Sampling, Sources, Standards, Air
pollution, Experimental design, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, "Spark source mass spectros-
copy, "Stationary sources, "Air pollution detection,
Standard reference materials.
PB86-119583/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
S02 Emissions In Natural Gas Production Indus-
try: Background Information for Promulgated
Standards. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sep 85,141 p EPA/450/3-82/023B
See also PB84-151448.
Standards of performance for the control of sulfur di-
oxide (S02) emissions from the natural gas processing
'ndustry are being promulgated under Section 111 of
the Clean Air Act. These standards will apply to S02
emissions from newly constructed, modified, and re-
constructed sweetening and sulfur recovery units in
onshore natural gas processing plants. The document
summarizes the responses to public comments re-
ceived on the proposed standards and the basis for
changes made since proposal.
Keywords: "Sulfur dioxide, "Natural gas, "Gas indus-
try, "Standards, "Environmental impact statements-
final, "Air pollution control, Regulations, Economic
impact, Cost analysis, "Standards of performance,
Clean Air Act.
PB86-119880/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Highlights from Technical Manual on Hood
System Capture of Process Fugitive Particulate
Emissions,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
E. R. Kashdan, 5. W. Coy, J. J. Spivey, T. Cesta, and
D. L. Harmon. Oct 85,27p EPA/600/D-85/256
Contract EPA-68-02-3953
Prepared in cooperation with Hatch Associates Ltd.,
Toronto (Ontario). Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses a technical manual whose em-
phasis is on the design and evaluation of actual hood
systems used to control various fugitive particulate
emission sources. Engineering analyses of the most
important hood types are presented to provide a con-
ceptual understanding of the design process, consist-
478 Vol. 90, No. 24
ing of identification of source parameters, calculation
procedures, and techniques for evaluating hood per-
formance. Some of the design techniques have been
introduced in technical papers by Hatch Associates
and have been formalized in this manual. Case studies
of actual hood systems not only illustrate the applica-
tion of these design methods, but also identify their
limitations. Several of the case studies are from the
files of Hatch Associates and provide unique insight
into the diagnosis of an existing system. The purpose
of the manual is to provide regulatory officials with a
reference guide on the design and evaluation of hood
systems to capture process fugitive particulate emis-
sions. Much of the hood design information is of ne-
cessity analytical based on a mathematical or engi-
neering approach. However, every effort has been
made to explain the physical processes in qualitative
terms and to separate the formal equations.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Manuals,
"Particles, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
Aerosol, Leakage, Standards, "Fugitive emissions,
"Hood systems, Case studies.
PB86-119898/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Proceedings: National Workshop on Pesticide
Waste Disposal Held at Denver, Colorado on Jan-
uary 28-29, 1985. Final rept.
JACA Corp., Fort Washington, PA.
Sep 85,165p EPA/600/9-85/030
Contract EPA-68-03-3131
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
A national workshop on the disposal of pesticide
wastes was held in Denver, Colorado on January 28-
29, 1985. The purpose of the workshop was to work
with government, pesticide user groups, pesticide pro-
ducers, farm organizations, and academia to define
practical solutions to pesticide users' disposal prob-
lems. The publication is a compilation of the speakers'
papers and a transcript of the summary panel. It
covers the following topics: Applicator Disposal
Needs; Disposal Technology Options including physi-
cal treatment options, biological options, chemical
treatment options, land application option, and inciner-
ation options; storage, handling, and shipments of pes-
ticide wastes; and Empty Pesticide Container Disposal
Programs.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Waste disposal, "Meetings,
Agricultural products. Solid waste disposal, Inciner-
ators, Regulations, Land disposal, Liquid waste dis-
posal, Denver(Colorado), Physical treatment, Biologi-
cal processes, Chemical treatment.
PB86-119906/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Kansas City, MO.
Region VII.
Carbon Monoxide Analysis of Future Attainment
of the NAAQS (National Ambient Air Quality
Standard) in Wichita, Kansas. Final rept.,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
G. J. Schewe. Jun 85,110p EPA/907/9-85/004
Contract EPA-68-02-3890
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Kansas City, MO. Region VII.
In order to comply with the NAAQS for CO in Wichita,
Kansas, a special study was performed to demon-
strate that CO concentrations at a special purpose
monitor (SPM) located near Douglas and Main Streets
would give results less than the NAAQS by 1987. The
SPM site is located near the urban core in an area
characterized by high nighttime traffic volumes and
congested traffic flow. Exceedances of the 8-hour
NAAQS were measured in 1983 and early 1984 with
no exceedances since January 8, 1984. A dispersion
modeling analysis was performed using the CALINE-3
Model for dispersion, the MOBILE-3 Model for vehicle
emissions and local or national traffic and ambient
conditions. Background concentrations were derived
from other monitors in the area. Results of modeling
the SPM site for baseline (1983) emissions were cali-
brated with maximum measured CO concentrations.
Several scenarios were analyzed in this analysis in-
cluding with and without the inspection/maintenance
program and with and without the left-turn ban from
Douglas to Main Streets. Results indicate attainment in
1985 continuing through 1987 if l/M is maintained.
Keywords: "Carbon monoxide, "Monitors, "Air pollu-
tion, "Exhaust emissions, "Standards,
Concentration(Composition), Sites, Sampling, Mathe-
matical models, Urban areas. Calibrating, Performance
evaluation, Streets, "Air pollution sampling, "National
ambient air quality standards, "Special purpose moni-
tors, Wichita(Kansas), Baseline measurements. Case
studies, Air quality.
PB86-119955/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Resistance of Flexible Membrane Liners to
Chemicals and Wastes. Final rept. Jan 83-Sep 85,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
A. D. Schwope, P. P. Costas, and W. J. Lyman. Oct 85,
228p EPA/600/2-65/127
Contract EPA-68-01 -6160
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The function of flexible membrane liners (FML's) is to
contain waste and leachates. FML's based on synthet-
ic polymeric materials may be degraded and permeat-
ed by the fluids that must be contained. Qualitative and
quantitative information on the chemical resistance of
FML's materials has been collected from vendors and
technical publications and compiled into a data base.
Criteria for assessing the information were developed
and, in the basis of these criteria. FML ratings were de-
veloped for each chemical-material pair for which
there were data. The ratings are not appropriate, how-
ever, as a basis for selection or rejection of a FML
since they do not take into account the intended appli-
cation, nor have they been substantiated in field expe-
rience.
Keywords: "Linings, "Chemical compounds, "Solid
waste disposal, Membranes, Polymeric films, Perform-
ance evaluation, Nomenclature, Chemical properties,
* Liquid waste disposal.
PB86-119963/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Investigation into the Health of Forests in the Vi-
cinity of Gothic, Colorado. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver. CO.
Region VIII.
R. I. Bruck, P. Miller, J. Laut, W. Jacobi, and D.
Johnson. Jan 85, 78p EPA/908/9-85/001
The document presents the methods and findings of a
scientific team of forest experts assembled to investi-
gate reports of air pollution damaged forests near
Gothic, Colorado. Tree damage similar in appearance
to the acid rain damaged forests in the Eastern U.S.
and central Europe was observed by two visiting scien-
tists in 1984. The report presents the findings of the
team which concluded that no evidence now exists
that air pollution in contributing to the natural forest de-
cline in the area.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Forestry, "Ozone, Damage
assessment, Precipitation(Meteorology), Acidity, Ecol-
ogy, Visual perception, Soil properties, pH, Colorado.
Gothic(Colorado), "Acid precipitation.
PB86-119971/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program. Volume 1.
Statewide Summary Report 1984. Annual rept.,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
D. W. Grade. Jun 85,152p IEPA/WPC/85-005A
Prepared in cooperation with Northeastern Illinois
Planning Commission, Chicago, Southwestern Illinois
Metropolitan and Regional Planning Commission, Col-
linsville, and Greater Egypt Regional Planning and De-
velopment Commission, Carbondale, IL,
A Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program initiated by the
Illinois EPA in 1981 was continued in 1984. Citizens
were trained to measure Secchi disc transparency,
total depth, and record field observations from a boat
at designated sites on their chosen lake. The report
provides a historical perspective of the Volunteer Lake
Monitoring Program, describes program objectives
and rationale, and presents recommendations for im-
provement. Average transparencies for the lakes
ranged from 7.2 inches to 193.2 inches. Four lakes
were identified as oligotrophia 16 mesotrophic, and
the remaining 125 lakes, eutrophic, based on average
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Illinois, "Lakes, "Water pollution. Citizen
participation, Monitoring, Transparence, Depth, Sea-
sonal variations, Suspended sediments, Plankton
blooms, "Trophic level, Eutroptic, Oligotrophic, Meso-
trophic.
PB86-120003/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Heat Treatment/Low Pressure Oxidation Sys-
tems: Design and Operational Considerations.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Municipal Pollution Control.
Sep 85, 53p EPA/430/9-05/001
Prepared in cooperation with Metcalf and Eddy. Inc.,
Wakefield, MA.
The design information summary report presents data
and best practices relating to the design and operation
of thermal sludge conditioning systems.
Keywords: 'Sludge, "Heat treatment, Oxidation,
Design, Operations, Maintenance, Dewatering, Low
pressure research, Cost effectiveness, "Sludge treat-
ment.
PB86-120144/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Guidelines for Preparing Environmental and
Waste Samples for Mutagenicity (Ames) Testing:
Interim Procedures and Panel Meeting Proceed-
ings.
Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH.
Sep 85,265p EPA/600/4-85/058
Contract EPA-68-03-3136
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The User's Guide presents review papers and interim
protocols for the preparation of waste and environ-
mental samples for testing with the Salmonella re-
verse-mutation assay (Ames test). Sample types ad-
dressed include air, drinking water (processed), envi-
ronmental and wastewaters, nonaqueous liquid
wastes, soils and sediments, and waste solids. Draft
procedures were reviewed and revised by an expert
panel of chemists, biologists, and toxicologists during
meetings held in Palo Alto, California, July 23-25,
1984. By consensus, the resulting protocols were rec-
ommended by the expert panel to; (1) serve as best
available interim methods for sample preparation, and
(2) receive the additional laboratory characterization
required for establishment as reference methods. The
User's Guide is intended to partially fill the existing gap
in the scientific literature for standardized generally ac-
cepted methods to prepare environmental or waste
samples for mutagenicity testing.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Bioassay,
'Guidelines, 'Mutagens, 'Toxicology, "Hazardous
materials, Air pollution, Water pollution, Potable water,
Sampling, Sediments, Soils, Laboratory equipment,
Chemical analysis, Reviews, Sites, 'Ames test, Solid
wastes, Liquid wastes, Salmonella.
PB86-120185	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Ozone-GAC (Granular Activated Carbon) Follow-
ing Conventional U.S. Drinking Water Treatment.
Journal article,
Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA. Environmental Studies
Inst.
S. W. Maloney, I. H. Suffet, K. Bancroft, and H. M.
Neukrug. C1985,10p EPA/600/J-85/179
Grant EPA-R-806256
Prepared In cooperation with Philadelphia Water Dept.,
PA. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association 77, n8
p66-73 Aug 85.
The combination of ozonation followed by granular ac-
tivated carbon (GAC) has been suggested as a means
to improve the cost effectiveness of the GAC process
for organics removal. Several combinations of ozona-
tion and chlorination were analyzed for their effects on
GAC adsorption. Although ozonation increased biode-
gradation of dissolved organic carbon, the ozone proc-
ess was shown to interfere with the ability of GAC to
treat volatile halogenated organics. Ozonation ap-
pears to increase competition for adsorption sites be-
tween volatile halogenated organics and the natural
background organic matrix.
Keywords: "Ozonation, 'Activated carbon treatment,
"Organic compounds, "Sewage treatment, Biodeter-
ioration, Chlorination, Adsorption, Halohydrocarbons,
Cost effectiveness, Reprints, "Drinking water.
PB86-120193	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research Div.
Enumerating Injured Conforms in Drinking Water.
Journal article,
Montana State Univ., Bozeman. Dept. of Microbiology.
M. W. LeChevallier, and G. A. McFeters. c1985,10p
EPA/600/J-85/181
Grant EPA-R-807092
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div.
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association 77, n6
p81-87Jun85.
The article emphasizes the importance of enumerating
injured coliforms in drinking water and reviews the
sources of injury, factors influencing the extent of
injury, problems in enumerating stressed coliforms,
recent advances in enumeration techniques, and the
health implications of injured coliforms. Recommenda-
tions regarding future research are included.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Coliform bacteria, Bacte-
ria, Counting, Reprints, "Drinking water, "Water pollu-
tion detection, Injuries.
PBB6-120201	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Modelling Kepone in the Striped Bass Food Chain
of the James River Estuary. Journal article,
Manhattan Coll., Bronx, NY. Dept. of Environmental
Engineering and Science.
J. P. Connolly, and R. Tonelli. C1985,21 p EPA/600/J-
85/175
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Gulf
Breeze, FL.
Pub. in Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 20, p349-
3661985.
A mathematical model that computes the accumula-
tion of Kepone in the striped bass food chain of the
James River estuary was developed. The purpose of
the model was to help understand the relationship of
Kepone levels in important fish species to sediment
and water column Kepone concentrations and then to
address the question of why these levels still exceed
Food and Drug administration limits 8 years after dis-
charge stopped. The model considers exposure
through diet and respiration at rates based on species
bioenergetics. It was successfully calibrated to ob-
serve striped bass, white perch, and Atlantic croaker
Kepone concentrations. (Copyright (c) 1985 Academic
Press Inc. (London) Limited.)
Keywords: "Insecticides, 'Bass, 'Toxicity, 'Water pol-
lution, 'James River Estuary, Mathematical models,
Chlorine organic compounds, Accumulation,
ConcentrationfComposition), Exposure, Sediments,
Diet, Respiration, Food chains, Reprints, 'Kepone.
PB86-120219/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Control of SOx Emissions by In-Furnace Sorfoent
Injection: Carbonates va Hydrates,
Utah Univ., Salt Lake City. Dept. of Chemical Engineer-
ing.
G. H. Newton, D. J. Harrison, G. D. Sllcox, and D. W.
Pershing. Oct 85,35p EPA/600/D-85/255
Grant EPA-R-811001
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Acjency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper provides high-temperature isothermal data
on S02 capture by calcium-based sorbents, obtained
in a dispersed-phase reactor for limestones, dolo-
mites, hydrated calcific limes, and hydrated dolomitic
limes as a function of Ca/S molar ratio, temperature,
and S02 partial pressure. The experimental results in-
dicate that S02 capture is approximately linearly de-
pendent on Ca/S molar ratio and relatively insensitive
to S02 partial pressure above 2000 ppm. S02 capture
is a strong function of general sorbent class; dolomitic
sorbents are better than calcific materials on an equiv-
alent calcium basis, and hydrated materials are more
reactive than carbonates. Computer model predictions
based on a grain formulation, available fundamental
rate data, and measured surface areas accurately pre-
dict limestone performance; however, predicted cap-
ture for the hydrated sorbents is significantly below
that measured experimentally. The measured capture
results do, however, generally correlate with the BET
surface areas measured when the sorbents were cal-
cined in a muffle furnace at 980 K for 20 minutes with
an inert environment.
Keywords: 'Sulfur oxides, 'Air pollution control, 'Sor-
bents, "Carbonates, "Hydrates, High temperature
tests, Mathematical models, Calcium oxides, Furnace,
Injection, Performance evaluation, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products.
PB86-120227/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Characterization of Emissions of PAH's (Polynu-
clear Aromatic Hydrocarbon) from Residential
Coal-Fired Space Heaters,
Vermont State Agency of Environmental Conserva-
tion, Montpelier.
C. R. Sanborn, M. Cooke, W. Bresler, and M. C.
Osborne. Oct 85,19p EPA/600/D-85/243
Contract EPA-68-02-3169
Prepared in cooperation with Battelle Columbus Labs.,
OH. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineer-
ing Research Lab.
The paper gives results of a joint emissions testing and
analysis program-the U.S. EPA and the State of Ver-
mont-to determine polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon
(PAH), particulate, sulfur dioxide (S02), and carbon
monoxide (CO) emissions from two coal-fired residen-
tial space heaters. One had a magazine type feed
system; and the other, a batch loader.
Keywords: 'Residential buildings, 'Aromatic polycyclic
hydrocarbons, 'Space heaters, 'Air pollution control.
Combustion products, Sulfur dioxide, Carbon monox-
ide, Particles, State government, Performance evalua-
tion, Stoves, Coal, EPA methods.
PB86-120235/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Definition of the Long-Term Control Efficiency of
Chemical Dust Suppressants Applied to Unpaved
Roads,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
G. E. Muleski, T. A. Cuscino, and C. Cowherd. Oct 85,
22p EPA/600/D-85/244
Contract EPA-68-02-3177
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper presents the methodology and results of a
field testing program to quantify the long-term efficien-
cy of chemical dust suppressants applied to industrial
unpaved roads. Three generic categories of suppres-
sants were evaluated: water, a water-based petroleum
resin, and a water-based asphalt emulsion. Knowledge
of the long-term performance of dust suppressants is
vital in determining a cost-effective program for reduc-
ing emissions from open dust sources. The information
presented helps determine cost-effectiveness values
for the chemicals evaluated.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Dust control,
'Roads, Performance evaluation, Petroleum products,
Particles, Cost effectiveness, Life(Durability), 'Un-
paved roads, "Fugitive emissions, Dust suppressants,
Bubble concept. Air pollution abatement.
PB86-120243/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Comparative Study of Open Source Particulate
Emission Measuring Techniques,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
J. D. McCain, B. E. Pyle, and R. C. McCnllis. Oct 85,
20p EPA/600/D-85/261
Contract EPA-68-02-3696
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper gives results of a comparative study of vari-
ations in measuring and analytical techniques used to
-------
assess sources upon which emission factor data
bases are built (in an effort to quantify these tech-
nique-dependent parameters). The study included a si-
multaneous, side-by-side field test with five independ-
ent testing organizations sampling dust emissions
from an unpaved and uncontrolled road at a major
steel producing facility. Each participant independently
measured the particulate emission concentrations pro-
duced by the roadway traffic. These measurements re-
sulted in not only particle-size dependence of the
emissions but also concentrations as functions of the
distance above the road surface. The results for each
participant were expressed as emission factors for
total particulate and the mass fractions of the particu-
late with size <30, <15, <10, and <2.5 micrometers
diameter. The study showed that all five profiling sys-
tems were capable of producing equivalent results in
terms of total emissions. This was not the case for
emissions by particle size: the only technique found to
produce reliable emission factors by particle size was
inertial sizing.
Keywords: "Gas analysis, 'Particles, "Air pollution,
Comparison. Field tests, Assessments. Particle size,
Concentration(Composition), Dust, Roads, Sampling,
Graphs(Charts), "Emission factors, "Open burning,
"Air pollution detection, Unpaved roads.
PB86-120326/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of Sampling and Analytical Methodolo-
gy for Polynuclear Aromatic Compounds in
Indoor Air. Final rept. 1 Mar-30 Sep B3,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
C. C. Chuang, G. A. Mack, P. J. Mondron, and B. A.
Petersen. Oct 85,92p EPA/600/4-85/065
Contract EPA-68-02-3487
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The objective of this project was to develop a generic
sampling and analytical methodology to characterize
the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concen-
trations in air within various microenvironments. The
following three studies were performed: evaluation of
analytical methods, design of a sampling method, and
design of a pilot study. Two analytical methods, high
performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet ad-
sorption and fluorescence detection and gas chroma-
tography/mass spectrometry, were evaluated for the
determination of PAHs and their derivatives in air
within microenvironments. The results showed that
gas chromatography/positive chemical ionization
massspectrometry with data acquisition in the selected
ion monitoring mode is the preferred analytical ap-
proach. A modified EPA high volume sampler, consist-
ing of a quartz fiber filter and a polyurethane foam car-
tridge, is proposed for use in a future experimental
study. A literature review was conducted to determine
what is known about the contribution of cigarette
smoke to the levels of PAHs in air within microenviron-
ments and to evaluate the use of quinoline and iso-
quinoline as possible marker compounds for the levels
of cigarette smoke. A pilot study was designed to
assess PAH levels in air found in residences. A study
using this design, will be conducted in Columbus, Ohio,
during the winter of 1983/84. These results can then
be applied to a future large-scale study involving the
measurement of human exposure to PAH in air.
Keywords: "Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons,
"Chemical analysis, "Air pollution, Sampling,
Concentration(Composition), Assessments, Gas chro-
matography, Mass spectroscopy, Residential build-
ings, "Air pollution detection, "Air pollution sampling,
"Indoor air pollution, High performance liquid chroma-
tography, High volume samplers, Case studies.
PB86-120334	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Neonatal Methylmercury Exposure on
Development of Nucleic Acids and Proteins In Rat
Brain: Regional Specificity. Journal article,
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC.
T. A. Slotkin, S. Pachman, R. J. Kavlock, and J.
Bartolome. c1985,5p EPA/600/J-85/193
Grant EPA-R-811621	^
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in Brain Research Bulletin, v14 n5 p397-400 May
85.
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Exposure of neonatal rats to methylmercury (1 or 2.5
mg/kg SC daily) during the preweaning period caused
regionally-specific alterations in DNA, RNA and protein
content in brain. In midbrain + brainstem, where neur-
onal replication and differentiation conclude early, re-
duced DNA content was prominent at either dose and
was apparent well before evidence of general body
growth impairment; small deficits in protein content
and brain region weight were seen. In contrast, cere-
bral cortex showed an elevation of DNA in the high
dose group and a tendency toward supranormal RNA
values at either dose.
Keywords: "Proteins, "Nucleic acids, "Toxicology,
Brain, Exposure, Rats, Laboratory animals, Reprints,
"Mercury/methyl.
PB86-120342	Not available NTIS
Dermal Absorption of Pesticides Calculated by
Deconvolution. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
H. L. Fisher, B. Most, and L. L. Hall. c1985,16p EPA/
600/J-85/194
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in Jnl. of Applied Toxicology, v5 n3 p163-177 Sep
85.
Using published human data on skin-to-urine and
blood-to-urine transfer of 12 pesticides and herbicides,
the skin-to-blood transfer rates for each compound
were estimated by two numerical deconvolution tech-
niques. Regular constrained deconvolution produced
an estimated upper limit on cumulative dermal absorp-
tion of the radiolabel, while minimized deconvolution
produced an upper bound on cumulative dermal ab-
sorption of parent compound. Dermal absorption rate
was largest within 8 h of dosing for all pesticides exam-
ined. The deconvolution technique described here per-
mits the calculation of the temporal aspect of dermal
absorption for linear systems.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Dermatology, "Toxicology,
Absorption, Herbicides, Urine, Blood analysis, Isotopic
labeling, Reprints, "Environmental health, "Deconvo-
lution.
PB86-120359/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Source Control Techniques for Acid Mine Drain-
age,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. D. Hill, and R. C. Wilmoth. Oct 85,13p EPA/600/D-
85/258
The potential for production of acidic discharges from
mining activities is related to the pyritic concentration
in the overburden and to the available alkalinity. Expo-
sure of the pyritic material to weathering causes oxida-
tion and the release of sulfuric acid. Source control
techniques include pyrite segregation the selective
burial, use of bacteriacides to retard bacterial cataly-
sis, use of alkaline reagents to provide in-situ treat-
ment, and the use of treatment systems to neutralize
acidic drainages.
Keywords: "Mining, "Mineral deposits, "Water pollu-
tion control, Pyrite, Oxidation, Neutralizing, Bacteri-
cides, Overburden, Weathering, Sulfuric acid, Vegeta-
tion, Soils, "Mine acid drainage.
connaissance, Chromatographic analysis, Reprints,
"Pesticide residues, Temephos.
PB86-120532	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Current Status of Denver's Potable Water Reus*
Project. Journal article,
Denver Water Dept., CO.
W. C. Lauer, S. E. Rogers, and J. M. Ray. c1985,10p
EPA/600/J-85/180
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association 77, n7
p52-59 Jul 85.
The feasibility of directly treating processed
wastewater plant effluent to potable quality is being
tested in Denver, CO, with a full-scale, 1-mgd (3.8-ML/
d) demonstration plant. The complexity of putting the
system into operation and the results to date are de-
scribed, along with an outline of the plans for health ef-
fects research, economic studies, and programs to
gain public acceptance of direct reuse. This project is
expected to provide the information necessary to
evaluate the feasibility of direct reuse, especially for
cities located in water-scarce areas where develop-
ment of more conventional water resources is becom-
ing increasingly costly, both in terms of the environ-
ment and in capital investments.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Waste water reuse,
"Sewage treatment, Urban areas, Public health, Cost
analysis, Investments, Water storage, Diverting, Re-
prints, Denver(Colorado), Remote areas.
PB86-120540/HSU	PC A02/MF AOI
New Early Life-Stage Toxicity Test Using the Cali-
fornia Grunion (Leuresthes tenuis) and Results
with Chlorpyrlfos. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
L. R. Goodman, D. J. Hansen, G. M. Cripe, D. P.
Middaugh, and J. C. Moore. 1985.11p EPA/600/J-85/
186
Pub. in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 10
p12-21 1985.
California grunion were continuously exposed as em-
bryos and fry to technical chlorpyrifos in two toxicity
tests conducted in the same exposure apparatus. The
first test, a 35-day early life-stage (ELS) test, began
with approximately 2.5-day-old embryos that were ex-
posed in flow-through aquaria in darkness until hatch-
ing was stimulated on day 9 of exposure. The second
toxicity test, a fry test, began with newly-hatched fry
and lasted 26 days. Test water temperature ranged
from 23 to 26C and salinity from 24.5 to 34 dissolved
solids in sea water parts per thousand by weight. Re-
sults of the two tests were similar, indicating that expo-
sure of embryos added little to the overall toxicity of
chlorpyrifos to grunions. Percentage hatch of embryos
was unaffected by the chlorpyrifos concentrations
tested.
Keywords: "Insecticides, "Toxicity, "Marine fishes,
"Water pollution, Exposure, Embryos, Tests, Salinity'
Temperature, Chlorine organic compounds, Organic
phosphates, Reprints, "Leuresthes tenuis, California
grunion, "Chloropyrifos, Phosphorothiates(Diethyl-
trichloro-pyridyl).
PB86-120516/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Temephos Residues In Stagnant Ponds after Mos-
quito Larvicide Applications by Helicopter. Journal
article.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
E. M. Lores, J. C. Moore, P. Moody, J. Clark, and J.
Forester. 1985,8p EPA/600/J-85/185
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicol-
ogy 35, p308-313 1985.
The purpose of the study was to measure the concen-
trations of temephos in the water so that the applica-
tion rates could be confirmed. This paper reports the
results obtained from residue analysis of water from
two stagnant ponds following actual field applications
of larvicide by helicopter at treetop level in South Flori-
da.
Keywords: "Larvicides, "Toxicity, "Culcidae, "Water
pollution, Florida, Ponds, Organic phosphates,
Concentration(Composition), Helicopters, Aerial re-
PB86-120631/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Cryogenic Preconcentratlon - Direct FID (Frama
Ionization Detection) (PDFID) Method for Meas-
urement of NMOC (Non-Methane Organic Com-
pounds) In Ambient Air. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
F. F. McElroy, V. L. Thompson, and H. G. Richter Oct
85,85p EPA/600/4-85/063
Accurate measurements of atmospheric concentration
of non-methane organic compounds (NMOC) are nee!
essary in the application of photochemical models that
are used by states in developing the control strategies
needed to achieve compliance with ambient air quajttv
standards for ozone. NMOC measurements obtained
with available continuous NMOC analyzers have often
been of inadequate quality. Speciated gas chromoto.
graphic measurements, though adequate, are excesl
sively difficult and expensive where speciated data are
not needed. A simplified cryogenic preconcentration
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
direct flame ionization detection (PDFID) method that
is sensitive and provides accurate measurements of
ambient NMOC concentrations has been developed
and standardized sufficiently to be recommended for
use by state and local air pollution control agencies in
the development of their ozone control plans. Recent
refinements to the method are discussed, an automat-
ic remote sampling system is described, and the per-
formance (precision and accuracy) of the method is
characterized, based on results from utilization of the
method for NMOC analysis of 1375 air samples col-
lected from 22 sites during the summer of 1984. A
complete description of the method is also provided in
an appendix.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "Cryogenics, "Air pol-
lution, 'Organic compounds. Sites, Sampling, Perform-
ance evaluation, Concentration(Composition), Remote
sensing, State governments, Design criteria, Stand-
ards, "Air pollution detection, "Air pollution sampling,
"Air quality, "Flame ionization detectors.
PB86-120664/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Ozone Behavior in the Combined Baltimore-
Washington, DC. Plume. Final rept.,
Washington State Univ., Pullman.
H. Westbero. Oct 85,111p EPA/600/3-85/070
Grant EPA-R-806683
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
An extensive air quality monitoring program was car-
ried out in the Washington, DC - Baltimore region
during the July 14 - August 15 period in 1980. The field
study included data collection at numerous ground sta-
tions as well as the use of two aircraft sampling plat-
forms. Measurements included ozone, oxides of nitro-
gen, individual hydrocarbons (C2-C10), condensation
nuclei and visual distance plus numerous meteorologi-
cal parameters. Specific areas of interest in the study
included the acquisition of air quality data for (1) devel-
oping and testing a regional air quality simulation
model and (2) gaining a better understanding of oxi-
dant production and transport in plumes emanating
from Washington, DC and Baltimore. The purpose of
the report is to describe oxidant behavior downwind of
these two cities in cases where plume interaction was
observed. The authors have selected seven days
during the 1980 study period when southwesterly
winds carried the Washington, DC plume into the
region occupied by the Baltimore plume. A case study
analysis was performed for each of these days and
general conclusions have been presented regarding
oxidant patterns in the regions where plume interac-
tions occurred.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Air pollution. Plumes, Field tests,
Aerial surveys, Sampling, Nitrogen oxides, Hydrocar-
bons. Mathematical models, Meteorology, District of
Columbia, Maryland, Wind(Meteorology), "Air quality,
"Air pollution sampling, Case studies,
Baltimore(Maryland).
PB86-120953/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Comparison of Ambient Air Sampling Techniques
for volatile Organic Compounds,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
M. W. Holdren, D. L. Smith, and R. N. Smith. Oct 85,
60p EPA/600/4-85/067
Contract EPA-68-02-3487
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A series of fourteen experimental sampling runs were
carried out at a field site to collect data from several
ambient air monitoring methods for volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). Ambient air was drawn through a
sampling manifold and was continuously spiked with
volatile organic compounds to give concentrations 1 to
3 micrograms/ L above background air. The spiked
compounds were chloroethene, 1,1-dicholorethene,
dichloromethane, 3-chloropropene, 1,1,2-trichloro-
1,2,2-trifluoroethane, trichloromethane, 1,2-dichlor-
oethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, benzene, tetra chloro-
methane, trichloroethene, toluene, tetrachioroethene,
chlorobenzene, and 1,2-dimethylbenzene. Special
canisters were utilized to collect whole air, time-inte-
grated samples. An automated gas chromatographic
system using capillary column separation and multiple
detectors was used for analysis. These samples were
analyzed by standard gas chromatographic/mass
spectrometric techniques. For Tenax, precision values
ranged from 8 to 16 percent.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Gas analysis, Comparison,
Field tests, Concentration(Composition), Sampling,
Gas chromatography. Mass spectroscopy, "Volatile
organic compounds, "Air pollution sampling, Air pollu-
tion detection.
PB86-121100/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
National Air Pollutant Emission Estimates, 1940-
1984. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jan 86, 62p EPA/450/4-85/014
See also PB85-169316.
The report presents estimates of trends in nationwide
air pollutant emissions for the six major pollutants:
sulfur oxides, particulates, carbon monoxide, volatile
organic compounds, nitrogen oxides, and lead. Esti-
mates are broken down according to major types of air
pollutant sources. A short analysis of emission trends
is given, along with a discussion of methods used to
develop the data.
Keywords: "Air pollution trends, Sources, Particles,
Sulfur oxides, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Ex-
haust emissions, Combustion products, 'Emission fac-
tors, Stationary sources.
PB86-121209/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Estimates of Analytical Accuracy, Repeatability,
and Reproducibility from EPA (Environmental
Protection Agency) National Coal Audit Program
Data,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Div.
T. J. Logan, S. S. Baker, E. W. Streib, M. R. Midget,
and W. S. Pitts. Oct 85,17p EPA/600/D-85/229
Contract EPA-68-02-4125
Prepared in cooperation with Kilkelly Environmental
Associates, Inc., Raleigh, NC.
The accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility of coal
sulfur, moisture, and Btu determinations were estimat-
ed from results reported during four rounds of EPA's
National Coal Audit Program (NCAP). Overall, the data
examination indicates that in instances where coal
analysis data are used for determining source-specific
S02 emissions, there may be a need for enhanced an-
alytical quality assurance and quality control meas-
ures.
Keywords: 'Coal, 'Auditing, 'Chemical analysis,
"Sulfur, 'Moisture content, Heat measurement, Air
pollution, Sulfur dioxide. Quality assurance, Quality
control, Industrial wastes, Combustion products.
PB86-121217/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Contaminant Trends In Lake Trout ('Salvellnus na-
maycush') of the Upper Great Lakes. Rept. for
1977-82,
Fish and Wildlife Service, Ann Arbor, Ml. Great Lakes
Fishery Lab.
D. S. DeVault, W. A. Willford, and R. J. Hesselberg. Apr
85.31 p GLFL-639, EPA/905/3-85/001
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Chi-
cago, IL. Great Lakes National Program Office.
Contaminant body burdens in lake trout from the
Upper Great Lakes have been monitored since 1970
on Lake Michigan and since 1977 and 1978 on Lakes
Superior and Huron. Analysis of the Lake Michigan
data shows that mean PCB concentrations declined
from maximum of 22.91 mg/kg in 1974 to 5.63 in 1982.
Mean total DDT concentrations declined from 19.19
mg/kg in 1970 to 2.74 mg/kg in 1982. The decline in
both contaminants closely followed first order loss ki-
netics. If the current declines continue, PCB concen-
trations will decline to the USFDA tolerance of 2.0 mg/
kg in 1988. As this decline is not reflected in other spe-
cies it will require additional years of monitoring to de-
termine if the decline in dieldrin concentrations be-
tween 1979 and 1982 truly represents a declining
trend.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Trout, "Toxicity, "Water pollu-
tion,	'Great	Lakes,	Lipids,
Concentration(Composition), Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Aromatic compounds, Dieldrin, Biphenyl,
Chlorohydrocarbons, Salvelinus namaycush, Lake
trout, DDT insecticide, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Bi-
phenyl/chloro.
PB86-121357/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH. Physical and Chemical Methods Branch.
Determination of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in In-
dustrial and Municipal Wastewaters. Rept. for Nov
77-Mar 79,
IT Enviroscience, Inc., Knoxville, TN.
J. R. Florance, J. R. Hall, M. Khare, S. M. Maggio, and
J. C. Mitchell. Oct 85, 94p EPA/600/4-85/069
Contract EPA-68-03-2625
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring and Support
Lab.-Cincinnati, OH. Physical and Chemical Methods
Branch.
The objective of the report is to present the data and
the research carried out to develop an analytical test
procedure for the analysis of specific organic toxic
substances in effluent wastewaters. The procedure is
for the analysis of nine of the 114 priority or toxic pol-
lutants identified by the EPA as Category 3 - Chlorinat-
ed Hydrocarbons. The procedure consists of several
steps, including extraction, concentration, clean up,
and quantification by gas chromatography with elec-
tron-capture detection and flame-ionization. The report
describes the work done leading to selection of the
procedures and includes data and information on a lit-
erature search, sample preservation procedures, elu-
tion of the compounds on various gas chromatogra-
phic columns, several solvent extraction efficiencies
versus pH, stability of compounds in water-soluble sol-
vents, sample extract clean up procedures, and appli-
cation of the procedures on effluent wastewaters.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Industrial wastes,
'Chlorine organic compounds, Pesticides, Gas chro-
matography, Solvent extraction, Water analysis, Water
pollution, Concentration(Composition), pH, Sampling,
"Water pollution detection, 'Municipal wastes, 'Toxic
substances, Water pollution sampling.
PB86-121365/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
In-SItu Methods to Control Emissions from Sur-
face Impoundments and Landfills. Final rept. Oct
83-Sep 85,
Arkansas Univ., Fayetteville. Dept. of Chemical Engi-
neering.
C. Springer, K. T. Valsaraj, and L. J. Thibodeaux. Oct
85,84p EPA/600/2-85/124
Prepared in cooperation with Louisiana State Univ.,
Baton Rouge. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati,'OH. Hazardous Waste Engineer-
ing Research Lab.
The report presents the results of a two-year study
which included laboratory investigations as well as
comprehensive literature review on methods of reduc-
ing the rate of emissions of volatile chemicals from sur-
face impoundments and landfills. The report presents
information on the following in-situ methods which may
be employed to reduce emission rates: Air supported
structures, Floating solid objects, Shape modification,
Aerodynamic modification, Floating oil and/or surfac-
tant covers, and Synthetic membranes over landfills.
Conclusions are drawn with respect to the suitability of
each of the methods under various circumstances and
the degree of control which might be expected.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Earth fills, "Hazard-
ous materials, Experimental design, Solid waste dis-
posal, Membranes, Surfactants, Aerodynamics, Struc-
ture analysis, Shape, Revisions, "Surface impound-
ments, "Volatile organic compounds, Land pollution.
PB86-121373/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Feasibility Study of Enhanced Combustion via Im-
Rroved wood Stove Firebox Design. Final rept.
ov 84-Jul 85,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
K. T. Fuentes, and L. J, Hodas. Oct 85,54p RAD-85-
203-023-08-02-07, EPA/600/7-85/043
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
See also PB05-2188O8. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report gives results of an examination of materials
that might be used to line the firebox of a wood burning
stove to produce more uniform and complete combus-
tion. (Emissions from incomplete combustion in wood
burning stoves are becoming an increasing environ-
mental problem.) Although many materials were con-
sidered initially, refractory materials appear to possess
the qualities desired relative to heat transfer, resist-
ance to the firebox environment, availability, and cost.
Further investigation of specific refractory materials
has been carried out, resulting in a list of material prop-
erties of potentially useful refractories and a determi-
nation of the relative costs of installed refractory. The
approach used in the study was to establish the condi-
tions for a 'basic' stove, then to apply various candi-
date lining materials to the basic stove and analytically
estimate the effect of the lining addition. Basic heat
transfer calculations were used. The use of refractory
materials permitted an increase in stove inner wall
temperatures and an increased cool-down time for a
stove. The study shows that refractory materials can
aid in maintaining internal firebox temperatures above
the ignition temperatures of common emissions. This
would not be practical for an uninsulated stove. The
study concludes that there is a need for actual tests to
confirm results cited in the study.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Stoves, "Materials
tests, "Refractory materials, "Combustion chambers,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Combustion
control, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Lin-
ings, Feasibility, Residential buildings, Revisions.
"Wood burning appliances, Listings.
PB86-121456/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Stability of Organic Audit Materials and Results of
Source Test Analysis Audits. Status Report
Number 7,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. A. Sokash, G. B. Howe, R. K. M. Jayanty, and C. E.
Decker. Oct 85,92p EPA/600/4-85/064
Contract EPA-68-02-3767
See also PB85-116184. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A repository of 45 gaseous compounds including hy-
drocarbons, halocarbon, and sulfur species has been
established under contract with the U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency (USEPA). The main objectives of
this on-going project are (1) to provide gas mixtures to
EPA, state/local agencies, or their contractors, as per-
formance audits to assess the accuracy of source
emission measurements in certain organic chemical
manufacturing industries, (2) to .corroborate the ven-
dor's certified analysis of the gas mixtures by in-house
analysis, (3) to determine the stability of the gas mix-
tures with time by in-house analysis, and (4) to explore
the feasibility of new audit materials as requested by
EPA. Thus far, 31 compounds have been used to con-
duct 149 different audits. The results of these audits
and a description of the experimental procedures used
for analyses and available stability data are presented
in the status report. Generally the audit results are
within 15 percent of the expected values. Compound
stabilities have been determined through multiple anal-
yses of the cylinders containing them. Stability data for
up to 7 years is available for many compounds and
over 4 years for most compounds. Compounds that
are unstable and not suitable for use as an audit mate-
rial are identified.
Keywords: "Sulfur inorganic compounds, "Organic
compounds, "Hydrocarbons, "Halogen organic com-
pounds, "Auditing, "Air pollution, "Standards, Stability,
Performance	evaluation,	Sources,
Concentration(Composition), Chemical industry,
Carbon tetrachloride, Hydrogen sulfide, Vinyl chloride,
State government, Chemical analysis, Mixtures,
Tables(Data), "Air quality, "Air pollution detection, Pro-
cedures, Benzene, Toluene, Ethylene/trichloro,
Ethane/dichloro, Carbonyl sulfide, Mercaptan/methyl.
PB86-121464/HSU	PCA°2/MFA01
Hazardous Waste Treatment Research - U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency (Update).
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
C. J. Dial. Oct 85, 20p EPA/600/M-85/027
482 Vol. 90, No. 24
See also PB85-176667.
Treatment and thermal destruction are becoming the
most viable methods for disposing of hazardous
wastes. Wastes can be destroyed through a variety of
treatment methods and in incinerators, boilers, kilns,
and other high temperature industrial processes. The
destruction of these materials is regulated under the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act as amend-
ed. The Office of Research and Development of the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency conducts re-
search to help establish and technically defend regula-
tions governing the destruction of hazardous materi-
als. The program is conducted at EPA-owned facilities
and by Agency contractors. It is highly coordinated
with other researchers. These programs will result in
regulation, permitting, and compliance actions by the
Agency to ensure continued, reliable operation of such
facilities and the public acceptance of the location and
operation of these facilities. A description of the EPA
research programs and how they interact with private
sector industry is provided.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Solid waste dispos-
al, "Incinerators, Boilers, Kilns, High temperature
tests, Sites, Regulations, Licenses, National govern-
ment, Research projects, Industrial wastes, "Liquid
waste disposal, "Waste treatment, "Waste processing
plants, Environmental Protection Agency, Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act.
PB86-121472/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Field Measurements in Three Dimensions of
Piume Dispersion in the Highly Convective
Boundary Layer,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Boulder, CO. Wave Propagation Lab.
W. L. Eberhard, W. R. Moninger, T. E. Uttal, S. W.
Troxel, and J. E. Gaynor. Oct 85,8p EPA/600/D-85/
232
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
Previous laboratory experiments and numerical model-
ing have identified characteristics of plume dispersion
in the highly convective mixed layer that deviate signifi-
cantly from predictions of Gaussian models. To assess
the validity of these observations, meteorologists con-
ducted a field study named CONDORS (Convective
Dispersion Observed with Remote Sensors). CON-
DORS demonstrated that radar measurements of
chaff under convective conditions and lidar measure-
ments of oil fog can succeed in describing not only
general plume location and shape, but also relative
tracer concentrations. With sufficient care in tracer
generation, sensor operation, and signal processing,
the tracer systems are semiconservative and losses
that do occur can be reasonably balanced.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Plumes, "Mathematical
models, Field tests, "Gaussian plume models, "At-
mospheric dispersion, CONDORS experiment, Atmos-
pheric boundary layer, Three dimensional.
PB86-121498	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effect of Soil Processes on the Acidification of
Water by Add Deposition. Journal article,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins.
J. O. Reuss, and D. W. Johnson. C1985,9p EPA/600/
J-85/215	,
Prepared in cooperation with Oak Ridge National Lab.,
TN. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research
Lab., OR.
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality, v14 n1 p26-31
1985.
The mechanism whereby acid deposition can cause
acidification of surface waters via equilibrium process-
es in soil solution was investigated using chemical
equilibrium models. These models show that for soils
with low to moderately low exchangeable bases the
soil solution pH is only slightly affected by C02 partial
pressures over the range likely to be found in soils but
the alkalinity of the soil solution increases rapidly with
increasing C02 partial pressure. In contrast, solutions
that are not in contact with the soil's cation exchange
complex maintain alkalinity independently of C02 par-
tial pressure. If alkalinity is positive, the pH in such so-
lutions rapidly increases in response to decreasing
C02 pressure.
Keywords: "Acidity, "Precipitation(Meteorology),
"Water pollution, Surface waters, Alkalinity, pH, Ca-
tions exchanging, Sulfur dioxide, Sulfuric acid, Alumi-
num sulfate, Reprints.
PB86-121506	Not available NTIS
Cytotoxicity of Halogenated Alkanes in Primary
Cultures of Rat Hepatocytes from Normal, Partial
Hepatectomized, and Preneoplastic/Neoplastic
Liver. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. W. Chang, M. A. Pereira, and J. E. Klaunig. C1985,
12p EPA/600/J-85/219
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 80,
p274-283 1985. Prepared in cooperation with Medical
Coll. of Ohio at Toledo.
Six halogenated hydrocarbons: chloroform, 1,2-dibro-
moethane (1,2-DBE), 1,1-dichloroethane (1,1-DCE),
1,2-dichloroethane (1.2DCE), 1,1,1-trichloroethane
(1,1,1-TCE) and 1,1,2-trichloroethane (1,1,2-TCE)
were evaluated for their cytotoxicity in primary cultures
of rat hepatocytes isolated from normal, partial hepa-
tectomized and from preneoplastic/neoplastic rat
liver. None of the six halogenated alkanes exhibited
any difference in their cytotoxicity toward hepatocytes
isolated from normal liver or from liver containing pren-
eoplastic/neoplastic lesions induced by either proce-
dure.
Keywords: "Halogen organic compounds, "Toxicity,
"Environmental surveys, Bioassay, Biochemistry, Lab-
oratory animals, Risk, Metabolism, Rats, Exposure,
Hazardous materials, Cultures(Biology), Chloroform,
"Liver neoplasms, Reprints, "Toxic substances, "Envi-
ronmental health, Carcinogenesis. Ethane/dibromo,
Ethane/dichloro, Ethane/trichloro.
PB86-121514	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Phytotox Database Evaluation of Surrogate Plant
Species Recommended by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency and the Organization for Eco-
nomic Cooperation and Development. Journal arti-
cle,
Oklahoma Univ., Norman.
J. S. Fletcher, M. J. Muhitch, D. R. Vann, J. C.
McFarlane, and F. B. Benenati. c1985,12p EPA/600/
J-85/214
Grant EPA-R-810195
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v4
P523-532 1985.
The USEPA and the Organization for Economic Coop-
eration and Development have recommended or are
considering recommendations for phototoxicity test-
ing. A study was conducted to determine the amount
of quantitative data published on the species suggest-
ed in those tests. Also, the sensitivity to herbicide ap-
plications was examined by use of a computerized da-
tabase, PHYTOTOX, developed at the University of
Oklahoma. The format and content of this database
permitted an analysis of data reported in more than
3,500 publications. Such a comprehensive consider-
ation of data was possible only through the use of the
PHYTOTOX database and, as a result, the computer
analysis reported herein can be viewed as a novel ap-
proach in addressing plant toxicology questions. Al-
though 23 plant species were considered, adequate
data for making toxicological comparisons were avail-
able for only six species: oat, wheat, corn, sorghum,
cucumber, and soybean. (Copyright (c) 1985 SET AC.)
Keywords: "Herbicides, "Toxicity, "Plants(Botany),
Sensitivity, Oat plants, Wheat plants, Corn plants,
Grain sorghum plants, Vegetables, Soybean plants,
Reprints, ^Biological indicators, Data base.
PB86-121522	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Dututh, Grosse lie, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
Ultrasonic Measurement of Sediment Rssuspen-
sion,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
K. W. Bedford, R. E. Van Evra, and H. Valizadeh-Alavi.
C1985, 12p EPA/600/D-85/269
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pub. in Proceedings of Conference Applying Research
to Hydraulic Practice, New York, p575-583 1982.
Recognizing the need for improved measurement and
parameterization of sediment resuspension, this paper
presents a review of the major methods now in use for
alleviating this need. Special attention is devoted to re-
viewing methods for obtaining sediment concentration
profiles by acoustic scattering methods and the micro-
computer based C-DART Tower developed by the au-
thors to simultaneously measure wave, current, and
sediment profile data. The presence of spatial data re-
quires a new approach to its analysis. A generalized
pattern recognition program for geophysical flows is
discussed.
Keywords: "Shear flow, 'Sediments, "Acoustic meas-
urement, Ultrasonic radiation, Profiles,
Concentration(Composition), Boundary layer, Acoustic
scattering, Flow velocity, Reprints, Resuspension.
PB86-121530	Not available NTIS
Evaluation of a System for the Imposition of Plant
Water Stress. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
M. D. Snow, and D. T. Tingey. c1985,8p EPA/600/J-
85/216
Pub. in Plant Physiology 77, p602-607 Mar 85. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Portland Univ., OR. Dept. of
Physical and Life Sciences.
A system which imposes a range of water stress levels
was developed and evaluated. Water stress was con-
trolled by employing a screen to suspend roots above
a water column of known height. Levels of water stress
were imposed by changing water column height and/
or hydraulic conductivity of the medium in the column.
The system was evaluated in a series of growth cham-
ber experiments in which sunflowers(Helianthus
annuus) were given three levels of water availability for
a period of 3 weeks. Third leaf midday water potentials
at the end of the trials ranged from -0.73 + or -0.04 to -
2.35+ or -0.17 megapascals in water stressed plants
compared to -0.04 + or - 0.02 megapascals for control
plants. Repetition of experiments showed no statistical
differences in leaf water potentials, plant leaf areas, or
plastochron indices between trials.
Keywords: 'Stress(Physiology), 'Plants(Physiology),
"Soil water, Experimental data, Evaluation, Hydraulic
conductivity, Growth, Transpiration, Periodic vari-
ations, Reprints, "Sunflowers, Water levels.
PB86-121548	Not available NTIS
Programmable Exposure Control System for De-
termination of the Effects of Pollutant Exposure
Regimes on Plant Growth. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
W. E. Hogsett, D. T. Tingey, and S. R. Holman. c1985,
13p EPA/600/J-85/217
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Corvallis, OR.
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v19 n7 p1135-1145
1985.
A field-exposure research facility was constructed to
provide a controlled environment to determine the in-
fluence of the various components of ozone exposure
on plant response. The facility uses modified open-top
chambers and an automated control system for contin-
uous delivery and control of single or multiple pollut-
ants over a growing season. The hourly ozone concen-
tration in each chamber ranged from 2 to 12% of the
requested concentration over a 174-day season. Initial
studies with this facility compared the response of al-
falfa and tall fescue growth to episodic and daily peak
exposure profiles witn equivalent integrated exposure
indices over the growing season. Over the period of
three cuttings (133 days) alfalfa growth was reduced
more when exposed to the episodic profile than with
the exposure regime of daily ozone peaks. Tall fescue
growth was reduced only slightly over a period of three
cuttings (90 days) when exposed to either regime.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Exposure, "Plant growth, *Air
pollution,	Response,	Profiles,
Concentration(Composition), Automatic control equip-
ment, Grasses, Periodic variations, Reprints, Alfalfa,
Fescue.
PB86-121555	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Control of Trihalomethane Precursors in Drinking
Water: Granular Activated Carbon with and with-
out Preozonation. Journal article,
Texas Univ. at Dallas, Richardson.
W. H. Glaze, and J. L. Wallace. c1984,11 p EPA/600/
J-84/312
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association 76, n2
P68-75 Feb 84.
In a pilot study that lasted 80 weeks, unozonated and
ozonated waters were fed to granular activated carbon
(GAC) columns to compare the removal of trihalo-
methane formation potential by GAC treatment with
that by ozone-GAC treatment. The results were com-
parable for these treatments.
Keywords: "Halogen organic compounds, "Methanes,
"Activated carbon treatment, Removal, Ozone, Ad-
sorption, Operating costs, Reprints, Ozonation, "Drink-
ing water, "Halomethane.
PB86-121670/HSU	CP T03
Resource Conservation Recovery Act Notification
Data File. Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
S. Levy, J. Tumarkin, and E. Partington. 30 Sep 85,
mag tape EPA/DF/MT-86/010
Supersedes PB84-240266.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products if you have questions.
The file contains data compiled for the Resource Con-
servation Recovery Act. Notification of Hazardous
Waste Activity, EPA Form 8700-12 was used to collect
the data. The file was updated with information com-
piled from the Application for a Hazardous Waste
Permit, EPA Form 3510-3. The data includes names
and addresses of the facility owner and operator, as
well as the facility contact name and phone number.
The data indicates whether a facility is a generator,
treatment/storer/disposer, and/or transporter of haz-
ardous waste. There is also a listing of code numbers
of wastes handled taken from 40CFR part 261.
Keywords: 'Data file, "Hazardous materials, "Waste
disposal, "Regulations, Licenses, State government,
Magnetic tape, Storage, 'Resource Conservation Re-
covery Act, 'Waste treatment, 'Waste management,
Waste processing plants.
PB86-121704/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH. Quality Assurance Branch.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Method
Study 31: Trace Metals by Atomic Absorption
(Furnace Techniques). Final rept. Dec 81-Apr 84,
Energy Resources Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA.
T. R. Copeland, and J. P. Maney. Oct 85,375p EPA/
600/4-85/070
Contract EPA-68-03-3092
See also PB84-128677. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincinnati, OH. Quality
Assurance Branch.
An interlaboratory study in which 10 laboratories par-
ticipated was conducted to provide precision and ac-
curacy statements for the analysis of 18 metals by
graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.
Samples were prepared and analyzed using proce-
dures specified in 'Methods for Chemical Analysis of
Water and Wastes,' EPA PB84-128677, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agenm, Environmental Monitoring
and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati. Ohio, March 1979.
The study design was based on Youden's non-repli-
cate design for collaborative tests of analytical meth-
ods. Three Youden pair samples of the test metals
were spiked into six types of test waters and then ana-
lyzed. The test waters were three industrial effluents
supplied by ERCO and three waterssupplied by the
subcontractor laboratories (laboratory pure water, fin-
ished drinking water, and surface water). The resulting
data were statistically analyzed using the computer
program entitled 'Interlaboratory Method Validation
Study' (IMVS).
Keywords: "Metals, 'Water analysis, "Water pollution,
'Trace	elements,	Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Potable water, Surface
water, Chemical analysis, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, "EPA method 31, "Atomic absorption
spectroscopy, 'Water pollution detection, "Graphite
furnace atomic spectroscopy, Heavy metals.
PB86-122009/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Prototype Evaluation of Commercial Second Gen-
eration Low-NOx Burner Performance and Sulfur
Dioxide Capture Potential. Final rept. Mar 83-Jun
84,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
A. Abele, F. Jones, B. Cetegen, and R, Payne. Oct 85,
269p EPA/600/7-85/046
Contract EPA-68-02-3916
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of tests on two large-scale
staged-mixing (SM) burners developed by L and L
Steinmuller of West Germany. One objective was to
optimize their performance for low-NOx emissions,
high efficiency, and combined NOx/S02 control with
sorbent injection. The experimental effort included
three coals and three sorbents. (The expanded use of
coal has focused attention on the control of NOx and
S02 emissions from pulverized coal combustion.
Staged combustion for NOx control and calcium-
based sorbent injection into furnace combustion
chambers for S02 control have been evaluated.) NOx
emissions from the SM and SM-II burners were sensi-
tive to both the degree of staging and excess air levels.
The trends of S02 capture for all three fuels with the
SM-II burner were similar.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Burners, 'Nitrogen
oxides, 'Sulfur dioxide, Performance evaluation,
Trends, Sorbents, Calcium oxides, Calcium carbon-
ates, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, 'Low ni-
trogen oxides concentrion firing systems, 'Limestone
injection multistage burners.
PB86-122330/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Leachate Plume Management. Final rept. Jun 82-
Aug 84,
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
E. Repa, and C. Kufs. Oct 85,680p EPA/540/2-85/
004
Contract EPA-68-03-3113
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The handbook summarizes information in the areas of
leachate plume dynamics and plume management al-
ternatives. The handbook describes factors that affect
leachate plume movement, key considerations in de-
lineating the current and future extent of the leachate
plume, technologies for controlling the migration of
plumes, and criteria for evaluating and selecting plume
management alternatives. The handbook consists of
eight chapters.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Plumes, "Ground
water, 'Water pollution control, Dynamics, Water flow,
Management, Pumping, Design criteria, Permeability,
Barriers, Handbooks, Hydrogeology, Tables(Data),
Underground drains, Chemical removal(Sewage treat-
ment), "Leachates, Path of pollutants.
PB86-122496/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Water Quality Assessment: A Screening Proce-
dure for Toxic and Conventional Pollutants In Sur-
face and Ground Water. Part 1, (Revised 1985),
JACA Corp., Fort Washington, PA.
W. B. Mills, D. B. Porcella, M. J. Unas, S. A. Gherini,
and K. V. Summers. Sep 85,638p EPA/600/6-85/
002A
Contract EPA-68-03-3131
See also PB83-153122 and PB86-122504. Prepared in
cooperation with Tetra Tech, Inc., Lafayette, CA„ and
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. Sponsored by Environmental
Research Lab., Athens, GA.
New technical developments in the field of water qual-
ity assessment and a reordering of water quality prior-
ities prompted a revision of the first two editions of this
manual. The utility of the revised manual is enhanced
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
by the inclusion of methods to predict the transport
and fate of toxic chemicals in ground water, and by
methods to predict the fate of metals in rivers. In addi-
tion, major revisions were completed on Chapter 2 (or-
ganic toxicants), Chapter 3 (waste loadings), and
Chapter 5 (impoundments) that reflect recent ad-
vancements in these fields. Applying the manual's
simple techniques, the user is now capable of assess-
ing the loading and fate of conventional pollutants
(temperature, biochemical oxygen demand-dissolved
oxygen, nutrients, and sediments) and toxic pollutants
(from the U.S. EPA list of priority pollutants) in streams,
impoundments, estuaries, and ground waters. The
techniques are readily programmed on hand-held cal-
culators or microcomputers. Most of the data required
for using these procedures are contained in the
manual.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Water pollution,
'Ground water, Manuals, Assessments, Metals,
Rivers, Temperature, Biochemical oxygen demand,
Sediments, Toxicity, Eutrophication, Organic loading.
PB86-122504/HSU	PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Water Quality Assessment: A Screening Proce-
dure for Toxic and Conventional Pollutants in Sur-
face and Ground Water. Part 2, (Revised 1985),
JACA Corp., Fort Washington, PA.
W. B. Mills, D. B. Porcella, M. J. Ungs, S. A. Gherini
and K. V. Summers. Sep 85, 496p EPA/600/6-85/'
002B
Contract EPA-68-03-3131
See also PB83-153130 and PB86-122496. Prepared in
cooperation with Tetra Tech, Inc., Lafayette, CA„ and
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. Sponsored by Environmental
Research Lab., Athens, GA.
New technical developments in the field of water qual-
ity assessment and a reordering of water quality prior-
ities prompted a revision of the first two editions of this
manual. The utility of the revised manual is enhanced
by the inclusion of methods to predict the transport
and fate of toxic chemicals in ground water, and by
methods to predict the fate of metals in rivers. In addi-
tion, major revisions were completed on Chapter 2 (or-
ganic toxicants), Chapter 3 (waste loadings), and
Chapter 5 (impoundments) that reflect recent ad-
vancements in these fields. Applying the manual's
simple techniques, the user is now capable of assess-
ing the loading and fate of conventional pollutants
(temperature, biochemical oxygen demand-dissolved
oxygen, nutrients, and sediments) and toxic pollutants
(from the U.S. EPA list of priority pollutants) in streams,
impoundments, estuaries, and ground waters. The
techniques are readily programmed on hand-held cal-
culators or microcomputers. Most of the data required
for using these procedures are contained in the
manual.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Water pollution,
'Ground water, Manuals, Assessments, Metals,
Rivers, Temperature, Biochemical oxygen demand,
Sediments, Toxicity, Eutrophication, Organic loading.
PB86-122546/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Polychlorlnated
Dibenzo-p-Dloxins. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
D. K. Basu, D. Mukerjee, M. W. Neal, J. R. Olson, and
S. Q. Hee. Sep 85,612p* EPA/600/8-84/014F
See also PB84-220268.
The health assessment document on polychlorinated
dibenzo-p-dioxins discusses multimedia environmental
issues pertaining to the most toxic chlorinated dioxins,
namely, 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-; 1,2,3,7,8-pentachloro-;
1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachloro-; and 1,2,3,7,8,9-hexachlorodi-
benzo-p-dioxins. Scientifically valid data essential for
human health risk assessment purposes from an ex-
tensive literature search have been compiled and dis-
cussed critically. Discussions are based on physioche-
mical properties and analytical methodologies; stability
and degradation; production, use, synthesis; environ-
mental resources and environmental levels; environ-
mental ffate and transport; degradation; bioaccumula-
tion and bioconcentration factors; ecological effects;
various aspects of toxic effects from acute, subchronic
and chronic exposures in experimental animals and
humans; pharmacokinetics and mechanism of toxic ef-
fects- teratogenicity and reproductive effects; mutage-
nicity and carcinogenecity. Based on this review, criti-
484 Vol. 90, No. 24
cal studies have been identified and utilized for esti-
mating the unit risk.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial hygiene,
'Toxicology, 'Environmental surveys, 'Public health,
Assessments, Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens,
Laboratory animals, Chemical properties, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Water pollution, Air pollution, chem-
ical analysis, Sampling, Sources, Transport properties,
Ecology, 'Occupational safety and health, 'Toxic sub-
stances, "Environmental health, 'Polychlorinated di-
benzodioxins, Pharmacokinetics, Path of pollutants,
Dioxin(Herbicides), Dibenzodioxin/tetrachloro. Diben-
zodioxin/pentachloro, Dibenzodioxin/hexachloro,
Bioaccumulation.
PB86-122561/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Treatment of Contaminated Soils with Aqueous
Surfactants. Interim rept. May 82-Aug 85,
Science Applications International Corp., McLean, VA.
W. D. Ellis, J. R. Payne, and G. D. McNabb. Nov 85,
96p EPA/600/2-85/129
Contract EPA-68-03-3113
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The overall objective of the project was to develop a
technical base for decisions on the use of chemical
countermeasures at releases of hazardous sub-
stances. Work included a literature search to deter-
mine the nature and quantities of contaminants at Su-
perfund sites and the applicability of existing technolo-
gy to in situ treatment of contaminated soils. Laborato-
ry studies were conducted to develop an improved in
situ treatment methodology and were designed to de-
termine whether significant enhancement to the effi-
ciency of water washing could be obtained by adding
aqueous surfactants to recharge water used in a con-
tinuous recycle. The use of aqueous nonionic surfac-
tants for cleaning soil spiked with PCBs, petroleum hy-
drocarbons, and chlorophenol was developed through
shaker table and soil column tests. Based upon project
results, the aqueous surfactant countermeasure is po-
tentially useful for in situ cleanup of hydrophobic and
slightly hydrophilic organic contaminants in soil, and
should be further developed on a larger scale at a
small contaminated site under carefully controlled con-
ditions. However, reuse of the surfactant is essential
for cost-effective field application. Accordingly, any
future work should investigate the use of other surfac-
tants that may be more amenable to separation.
Keywords: 'Surfactants, 'Hazardous materials, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Leaching, Solid waste dis-
posal, Sites, Petroleum products, Hydrocarbons,
Transport properties, 'Land pollution, 'Superfund pro-
gram, 'Chemical treatment, 'Waste utilization, Poly-
chlorinated biphenyls, Phenol/chloro.
PB86-122579/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Acute and Chronic Effects of Water Quality Crite-
ria Based Metal Mixtures on Three Aquatic Spe-
cies,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
R. L. Spehar, and J. T. Fiandt. Nov 85, 54p EPA/600/
3-85/074
Acute and chronic toxicity tests were conducted to de-
termine the effects of metals combined as mixtures at
proposed water quality criteria concentrations and at
multiples of the LC50 and MATC obtained from tests
on six metals with three aquatic species. Arsenic, cad-
mium, chromium, copper, mercury, and lead combined
at criterion maximum concentrations caused nearly
100 percent mortality to rainbow trout and daphnids
(C. dubia) during acute exposure. Fathead minnows
were not adversely affected at this or two times this
concentration, although a mixture of 4 to 8 times the
maximum value caused 15 to 60 percent mortality.
Embryo hatchability and survival of rainbow trout were
reduced at 4 times this criterion but not at the criterion
average concentration.
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Toxicity, 'Aquatic animals,
"Water pollution, Concentration(Composition), Trout,
Minnows, Arsenic, Mercury(Metal), Mortality, Daphnia,
Survival, Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB86-122587/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Research on Diffusion in Atmospheric Boundary
Layers: A Position Paper on Status and Needs,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
G. A. Briggs, and F. S. Binkowski. Nov 85,250p EPA/
600/3-85/072
The introduction of a new understanding of atmos-
pheric boundary layers (ABLs) has caused a major
change in the view of the diffusion of pollutants. The
turbulence parameters now standard in ABL work,
have provided a method for systematically organizing
diffusion parameters. Concurrently with these ad-
vances, alternatives to the operational models have
emerged, but existing experimental data sets are inad-
equate for model comparisons and evaluations. The
most important knowledge gap is the lack of an ade-
quate specification of the relevant meteorology both at
the point of release and downwind. A second major in-
adequacy is experimental measurements of plume
characteristics up to 100 km from the release point.
There is also a great need for formulating new oper-
ational based models upon this newly acquired experi-
mental data and the new alternative approaches. Fi-
nally, it is recognized that a modest but steady effort is
necessary.
Keywords: 'Boundary layers, "Air pollution, 'Atmos-
pheric diffusion, Transport properties. Research
projects, Experimental design, Mathematical models,
Substitutes, Comparison, Meteorology.
PB86-122595/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Development of Advanced ESFF (Electrical Stimu-
lation of Fabric Filtration) Technology. Final rept.
May 82-May 85,
Textile Research Inst., Princeton. NJ.
G. E. R. Lamb, R. I. Jones, K. T. Duffy, D. A. Saville,
and B. A. Morris. Oct 85,94p EPA/600/7-85/049
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report summarizes work on electrical stimulation
of fabric filtration (ESFF) with the major objectives of
defining the role of some primary variables and under-
standing the mechanisms of electrostatic enhance-
ment. It was concluded that the magnitude of particle
charge has a strong effect on ESFF performance by
causing shifts in dust deposition from a uniform pattern
to a selective deposition along the electrodes in the
bag and toward the bottom half of the bag. The drastic
reduction in pressure drop indicated that some form of
precharging would be cost effective. Programmed
changes in electrical field strength to coincide with the
cleaning cycle or the use of ac rather than dc fields
showed no significant promise of improved bag clean-
ing. 'Printed' electrodes could be as effective as wire
electrodes and would probably cost less to incorporate
in the bag if they could be made to hold up under bag
flexing at elevated temperatures.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, Air filters,
Particles, Combustion products, Dust, Filtration, Bagh-
ouses, 'Fabric filters, 'Electrostatic fabric filtration.
PB86-122803/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Thermophilic Anaerobic Biodegradatlon of Phen-
oilcs. Final rept. Jun 84-Jun 85,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
F. J. Castaldi, and B. J. Hayes. Oct 85,69p EPA/600/
7-85/050
Contract EPA-68-02-3137
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of a series of anaerobic micro-
bial acclimation and treatment performance tests with
synthetic phenolic substrates. The research is a feasi-
bility level assessment of substituting anaerobic biode-
gradation of phenolics for solvent extraction. The tests
showed the feasibility of biodegrading phenol and d-
cresol to methane under thermophilic anaerobic condi-
tions. The experimental data indicate that anaerobic
biodegradation of phenolics under thermophilic condi-
tions involves a dual system of bioaccumulation and
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
were accumulated in the anaerobic floes of sludge,
and these compounds were apparently slowly degrad-
ed over time. Despite periodic upsets, treatment im-
proved as the phenolic loadings were incrementally in-
creased during the experiments.
Keywords: "Phenols, 'Bacteria, "Anaerobic bacteria,
Biodeterioration, Waste water, Thermophiles, Coal,
Stationary sources, Biodegradation, Water pollution
control.
PB86-122611/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Size Specific Particulate Emission Factors for In-
dustrial and Rural Roads: Source Category
Report. Final task rept. Jun 81-Jun 85,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
C. Cowherd, and P. J. Englehart. Oct 85, 68p EPA/
600/7-85/051
Contract EPA-68-02-3158
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of a study to derive size-spe-
cific particulate emission factors for industrial paved
and unpaved roads and for rural unpaved roads from
an existing field testing data base. Regression analysis
was used to develop predictive emission factor equa-
tions which relate emission quantities to road and traf-
fic parameters. Separate equations were developed
for each road type and for three aerodynamic particle
size fractions: < or = 15, < or = 10, and < or = 2.5
micrometers. Recommendations are made for includ-
ing the resulting emission factors in EPA document
AP-42. Over the past few years, traffic-generated dust
emissions from unpaved and paved industrial roads
have become recognized as a significant source of at-
mospheric particulate emissions, especially within in-
dustries involved in mining and processing mineral ag-
gregates. Although a considerable amount of field test-
ing of industrial roads has been performed, most stud-
ies have focused on total suspended particulate (TSP)
emissions, because the current national ambient air
quality standards (NAAOS) for particulate matter are
based on TSP. Only recently, in anticipation of a
NAAQS for particulate matter based on particle size,
has the emphasis shifted to the development of size-
specific emission factors.
Keywords: "Dust control, 'Roads, 'Motor vehicles,
Chemical compounds, Stabilizers(Agents), Emissions,
Rural areas, *Air pollution control, "Unpaved roads,
Chemical treatment, Stationary sources, Particulates.
PB86-122660/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Fundamental Combustion Research Applied to
Pollution Formation. Volume 1. FCR Program
Overview and Gas-Phase Chemistry. Final rept. Jan
77-Sep 80,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
W. R. Seeker, M. P. Heap, T. J. Tyson, J. C. Kramlich,
and T. L. Corley. Oct 85,397p* EPA/600/7-85/048
Contract EPA-68-02-2631
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report is the first in a series of four, documenting
research performed under EPA's Fundamental Com-
bustion Research (FCR) program. It is divided in two:
Part A is a program overview and an introduction to the
series; and Part B documents research performed in
the gas-phase chemistry area. The primary focus of
the FCR program is to better understand phenomena
controlling formation of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from
stationary combustion sources. A major effort was
mounted to develop a set of elementary reactions de-
scribing NOx formation, particularly those involving
fuel-bound nitrogen species. Since NOx formation is
intimately coupled with the heat release process, it
was essential that the assembled reaction set also ac-
curately describe hydrocarbon oxidation. A methodol-
ogy was employed where-by the kinetic set was sys-
tematically developed and evaluated. Development
began with the simple hydrogen/air system and pro-
gressed In verified steps to methane/air. Each step in-
volved comparison of prediction with available experi-
mental data. Behavior at both short and long charac-
teristics times was evaluated.
Keywords: "Combustion, "Air pollution, Vapor phase,
Nitrogen oxides, Oxidation, Hydrocarbons, Stationary
sources, Gas phase.
PB86-122694/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Dispersion in Complex Terrain. A Report of a
Workshop Held at Keystone, Colorado, May 17-
20,1983,
American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA.
B. A. Egan. Nov 85, 75p EPA/600/9-85/031
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
A workshop was convened by the American Meteoro-
logical Society under a cooperative agreement with
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The pur-
pose of the workshop was to encourage atmospheric
scientists working in this area to exchange recently ac-
quired information on atmospheric processes in com-
plex terrain and to make recommendations regarding
both the present application of air quality models to
complex terrain settings and the research necessary
to meet future needs. The report contains the thoughts
and judgments of 32 atmospheric scientists who gath-
ered to exchange such technical information and re-
search results on atmospheric processes in complex
terrain and to comment on matters relating to adjust-
ments in current air quality modeling practices.
Keywords: "Meetings, "Terrain, "Air pollution, "Mathe-
matical models, Forecasting, Colorado, Research
projects, "Keystone(Colorado), "Air quality models.
PB86-122702/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for 1,2-Dlchlor-
oethane (Ethylene Dlchlorlde). Final Report,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
I. W. F. Davidson, J. C. Parker, S. Bosch, D. A. Gray,
and J. Santodonato. Sep 85,402p* EPA/600/8-84/
006F
See also PB84-209865.
Ethylene Dichloride (EDC), a clear, colorless volatile
liquid, is principally emitted to the environment during
manufacturing. Monitoring data, including ambient
urban areas, indicate a concentration of equal to or
less than 0.5 ppb for most locations. EDC is rapidly ab-
sorbed, metabolized, and eliminated. Unmetabolized
EDC is eliminated almost exclusively via the lungs. In
humans, the symptoms of acute toxicity from repeated
exposures exceeding 60 ppm are irritation of the respi-
ratory tract and eyes and CNS depression. According
to available evidence EDC does not adversely affect
the reproductive or development process in animals
except at maternally toxic levels. Additional human
epidemiologic studies are needed to establish conclu-
sively that EDC is not a teratogen and does not cause
adverse reproductive effects. Positive responses in dif-
ferent text systems indicate that EDC is a weak, direct-
acting mutagen; however, several of its metabolites,
formed in animals, are more potent mutagens than
EDC. As a carcinogen, EDC induces tumors in rats and
mice by various routes of exposure (gavage, intraperi-
toneally, dermally). However, lifetime inhalation expo-
sure conditions did not produce tumors in rats or mice.
Results from animal carcinogen studies, when consid-
ered with the positive evidence of mutagenicity and the
presence of reactive metabolites and covalent bond-
ing to DNA, suggest that EDC Is a potential human car-
cinogen.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial hygiene,
"Toxicology, 'Environmental surveys, Chlorine organ-
ic compounds, Assessments, Exposure, Carcinogens,
Mutagens, Laboratory animals, Chemical properties,
Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis, Sam-
pling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology, "Occu-
pational safety and health, 'Toxic substances, 'Envi-
ronmental health, 'Ethane/dichloro, Pharmacokine-
tics, Path of pollutants, Air pollution effects(Animals),
Air pollution effects(Humans).
PB86-123551/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Laboratory and Field Evaluation of the Seml-
VOST (Semi-Volatile Organic Sampling Train)
Method. Volume 1,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. Bursey, M. Hartman, J. Homolya, R. McAllister, and
J. McGaughey. Nov 85,51 p EPA/600/4-85/075A
Contract EPA-68-02-4119
See also PB86-123569. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
An initial laboratory and field evaluation study has
been completed which assessed the performance of
the Semi-Volatile Organic Sampling Train Method
(Semi-VOST) for measuring concentrations of princi-
pal organic hazardous constituents (POHCs) with boil-
ing points greater than 10OC that are emitted from haz-
ardous waste incinerators. A draft formulation of the
methodology was tested through an experimental lab-
oratory program to evaluate method performance
characteristics. The program consisted of: (1) determi-
nation of minimum compound detection limits; (2) sim-
ulation of a flue gas stream to determine the impacts of
water vapor, S02, NOx, and HCI on sampling; and (3)
determination of precision and bias for the sample
preparation and analytical elements of the method.
Results of the simulation study are reported for 12 test
compounds (POHCs) representing a range of physical
and chemical properties which could affect sample
train collection and recovery performance. Three of
the test compounds were selected for further investi-
gation to evaluate method precision and bias under
field conditions through the use of four simultaneously-
operating Semi-VOST trains. Project results are pre-
sented in Volume I along with recommendations on
elements of the method requiring further research.
Volume II includes appendices giving detailed descrip-
tions of the method formulation, laboratory, and field
studies along with quality assurance data.
Keywords: *Gas analyses, 'Air pollution, 'Hazardous
materials, "Solid waste disposal, 'Incinerators,
Sources, Sampling, Chemical analysis, Gas chroma-
tography, Mass spectroscopy, Laboratory equipment,
Field tests, Performance evaluation, Hydrocarbons,
Water vapor, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Hydro-
gen chloride, Chemical analysis, 'Air pollution detec-
tion, *Air pollution sampling, 'Volatile organic com-
pounds, Principal organic hazardous constituents.
PB86-123569/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Laboratory and Field Evaluation of the Semi-
VOST (Semi-Volatile Organic Sampling Train)
Method. Volume 2. Appendices,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. Bursey, M. Hartman, J. Homolya, R. McAllister, and
J. McGaughey. Nov 85,213p EPA/600/4-85/075B
Contract EPA-68-02-4119
See also PB86-123551. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tnangle Park, NC.
An initial laboratory and field evaluation study has
been completed which assessed the performance of
the Semi-Volatile Organic Sampling Train Method
(Semi-VOST) for measuring concentrations of princi-
pal organic hazardous constituents (POHCs) with boil-
ing points greater than 100C that are emitted from haz-
ardous waste incinerators. A draft formulation of the
methodology was tested through an experimental lab-
oratory program to evaluate method performance
characteristics. The program consisted of: (1) determi-
nation of minimum compound detection limits; (2) sim-
ulation of a flue gas stream to determine the impacts of
water vapor, S02, NOx, and HCI on sampling; and (3)
determination of precision and bias for the sample
preparation and analytical elements of the method.
Results of the simulation study are reported for 12 test
compounds (POHCs) representing a range of physical
and chemical properties which could affect sample
train collection and recovery performance. Three of
the test compounds were selected for further investi-
gation to evaluate method precision and bias under
field conditions through the use of four simultaneously-
operating Semi-VOST trains. Project results are pre-
sented in Volume I along with recommendations on
elements of the method requiring further research.
Volume II includes appendices giving detailed descrip-
tions of the method formulation, laboratory, and field
studies along with quality assurance data.
Keywords: 'Gas analysis, 'Air pollution, "Hazardous
materials, "Solid waste disposal, 'Incinerators,
Sources, Sampling, Chemical analysis, Gas chroma-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tography, Mass spectroscopy, Tables(Data), Laborato-
ry equipment, Field tests, Performance evaluation, Hy-
drocarbons, Water vapor, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen
oxides. Hydrogen chloride, Chemical analysis, * Air pol-
lution detection, "Air pollution sampling, "Volatile or-
ganic compounds, Principal organic hazardous con-
stituents.
PB86-123601/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
National Air Toxics information Clearinghouse
(NATICH) Data Base Users Guide for Data View-
ing,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
N. Gates, and S. Smith. Sep 85, 224p EPA/450/5-85/
008
Contract EPA-68-02-3889
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse
(NATICH) data base is a computerized data base
which contains indexed information on toxic and po-
tentially toxic air pollutants. The NATICH data base
has been established by the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards, to support state and local programs in the
control of non-criteria air pollutants. The data base is
intended to facilitate information exchange among
state and local agencies and between EPA and state
and local agencies and to minimize duplication of
effort. The NATICH data base contains two major cat-
egories of data: (1) data collected from state and local
air pollution control agencies on their air toxics activi-
ties, and (2) citations and abstracts to published docu-
ments and ongoing research related to toxic air pollut-
ants from EPA and other agencies and organizations.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Manuals, "Informa-
tion systems, State government, Abstracts, Computer
programming, Bibliographies, Documentation, Re-
search projects, "National Air Toxics Information
Clearinghouse Data Base, "User manuals(Computer
programs), "Toxic substances, Air quality.
PB86-123619/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Phytoplankton Composition, Abundance and Dis-
tribution in Lake Huron. Rept. for 1980-83,
Louisville Univ., KY. Dept. of Biology.
R. J. Stevenson. Aug 85,80p EPA/905/3-85/004
Grant EPA-R-005767
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Chi-
cago, IL. Great Lakes National Program Office.
The phytoplankton of Lake Huron were studied to
assess the water quality of this Great Lake. The phyto-
plankton species were counted in integrated and dis-
cretely collected water samples from all of Lake Huron
except Saginaw Bay. Cell abundances and biovolumes
of the algae were studied seasonally and spatially in
the Lake. Patterns of phytoplankton indicated that
Lake Huron waters were generally oligotrophic. Dia-
toms with broad ecological ranges, Tabellaria floccu-
losa and Fraqilaria crotonensis, dominated the phyto-
plankton year-round. Abundance and biovolume were
not great during the spring bloom. Little evidence was
observed that the water quality of Lake Huron had
changed during the last decade.
Keywords: "Phytoplankton, "Water pollution, "Lake
Huron, Abundance, Cells(Biology), Diatoms, Ecology,
Nutrients, Algae, Oligotrophic.
PB86-123742/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Addendum to the Health Assessment Document
for Dichloromethane (Methylene Chloride) Updat-
ed Carcinogenicity Assessment of Dichlorometh-
ane (Methylene Chloride). Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
D V Singh, H. L. Spitzer, and P. D. White. Sep 85,
124p* EPA/600/8-82/004FF
See also PB85-191559.
The addendum contains a review of the data from the
latest National Toxicology Program (NTP) inhalation
bioassay of dichloromethane (DCM) and an update of
the inhalation cancer risk value. In addition, there is a
recommendation for an estimate of unit risk for mges-
486 Vol. 90, No. 24
tion exposure, and an evaluation of metabolism and
pharmacokinetic data for use in the development of
cancer unit risk estimates. The recent NTP inhalation
bioassay concluded that there was some evidence of
carcinogenicity for male F344/N rats and clear evi-
dence of carcinogenicity for female F344/N rats as
shown by increased evidence of benign neoplasms of
the mammary gland. There was clear evidence of car-
cinogenicity for male and female B6C3F1 mice as
shown by increased incidence of alveolar/bronchiolar
neoplasms and of hepatocellular neoplasms. There
are data from two epidemiologic studies associated
with exposure to DCM. Neither showed excessive risk
to cancer, but each was considered to have sufficient
limitations which prevent them from being judged neg-
ative studies. A review of the metabolism/pharmaco-
kinetics concluded that possible approaches for inter-
preting the data are more illustrative than useful in risk
estimation. Using EPA's Proposed Guidelines for Car-
cinogen Risk Assessment, there is a sufficient weight-
of-evidence that DCM is a possible carcinogen in ex-
perimental animals, but for humans the data are inad-
equate. Therefore, DCM is classified, according to the
Guidelines, as Category B2, i.e., a possible human car-
cinogen.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Industrial hygiene,
"Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, "Carcinogens,
Chloromethanes, Assessments, Exposure, Water pol-
lution, Carcinogens, Air pollution, Surface waters, Po-
table water, Mutagens, Epidemiology, Laboratory ani-
mals, "Methane/dichloro, "Water pollution
effects(Human), "Occupational safety and health,
"Toxic substances, "Environmental health, Cancer,
Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB86-124468/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Emissions Characterization of a Heavy-Duty
Diesel Truck Engine Operated on Crude and Mini-
mally-Processed Shale Oils. Final rept. 30 Sep 84-
25 Apr 85,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
T. L. Ullman, and C. T. Hare. Sep 85, 312p EPA/460/
3-85/012
Contracts EPA-68-03-3162, EPA-68-03-3192
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Ann
Arbor, Ml. Emission Control Technology Div.
Three crude shale oils were chosen from six candi-
dates to investigate their possible use as substitutes
for No. 2 diesel fuel. Satisfactory hot engine operation
was achieved on the crudes using a fuel heating
system, allowing emissions characterization during
transient and steady-state operation. Regulated gase-
ous emissions changed little with the crudes compared
to diesel fuel; but total particulate and soluble organics
increased, and larger injector tip deposits and piston
crown erosion were observed. After engine rebuild,
two minimally-processed shale oils were run without
the fuel heating system, causing no engine problems.
Most emissions were higher than for No. 2 fuel using
an 80 percent distillate of crude shale oil, but lower
using a hydrotreated form of the distillate.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Shale oil, "Crude oil, 'Ex-
haust emissions, Trucks, Diesel engines, Particles, Or-
ganic compounds, "Diesel engine exhaust, "Heavy
duty vehicles, Alternate fuels, Federal test procedure.
PB86-124542/HSU	PC A24/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Estimating Sludge Management Costs: Handbook.
SCS Engineers, Inc., Long Beach, CA.
Oct 85, 564p EPA/625/6-85/010
Contracts EPA-68-03-3017, EPA-68-01 -6621
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The manual provides preliminary cost estimating
curves, covering both capital costs and annual operat-
ing and maintenance (O and M) costs, for commonly
used processes in municipal wastewater sludge treat-
ment, storage, transport, use, or disposal. In addition,
annual O and M component curves, which provide ad-
ditional user flexibility, are also included. Curves are
based on the cost algorithms contained in Appendix A.
The processes can be readily arranged into various
sludge management chains and preliminary costs esti-
mated for each sludge management chain to be evalu-
ated Costs presented are based on the last quarter of
1984 and can be updated to later years by use of ap-
propriate costs indexes. The cost estimating algo-
rithms, on the other hand, present a logical series of
calculations for inputting site-specific data for deriving
base capital and base annual operation and mainte-
nance costs.
Keywords: "Cost estimates, "Sludge disposal, "Sludge
digestion, Manuals, Handbooks, Operating costs,
Maintenance, Storage, Transportation, Capitalized
costs, Graphs(Charts), "Sludge treatment.
PB86-124906/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors.
Volume 1. Stationary Point and Area Sources,
Fourth Edition.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sep 85, 823p AP-42
See also PB84-199744.
Volume one, of the two volume series, contains emis-
sion data obtained from source tests, material balance
studies, engineering estimates, etc., have been com-
piled for use by individuals and groups responsible for
conducting air pollution emission inventories. Emission
factors given in the document cover most of the
common stationary and area source emission catego-
ries: fuel combustion; combustion of solid wastes;
evaporation of fuels; solvents and other volatile sub-
stances; various industrial processes; and miscellane-
ous sources. When no specific source test data are
available, these factors can be used to estimate the
quantities of pollutants being released from a source
or source group.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Industrial wastes, Exhaust
emissions, Combustion products, Chemical industry,
Residential buildings, Minerals, Wood products, Food
industry, Petroleum industry, Evaporation control,
"Emission factors, "Areas, Open burning. Stationary
sources.
PB86-125218/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Motor Vehicle Tampering Survey - 1984. Final
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Field Operations and Support Div.
R. Greco. Oct 85, 96p EPA/460/1-85/001
See also PB85-125961.
The Environmental Protection Agency conducted a
survey of 4,426 light-duty motor venicles for tampering
with emissions control devices. All vehicles inspected
were classified into one of four mutually exclusive cat-
egories: tampered (at least one control device re-
moved or rendered inoperative), arguably tampered
(potential, but not clear-cut tampering), malfunctioning,
and okay (all control devices present and apparently
operating properly). The results were: tampered -
22%, arguable tampered - 29%, malfunctioning - 4%,
and okay - 46%. The survey also found that 14 percent
of the unleaded vehicles were subject to fuel switching
(using leaded gas in vehicles requiring unleaded fuel).
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Air pollution control
equipment, Automobiles, Surveys, Exhaust emissions,
Inspection, "Light duty vehicles, "Tampering.
PB86-125507/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity Assessment of
1,3-Butadlene. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
S. Bayard, R. P. Beliles, A. Chiu, H. J. Gibb, and B.
Sadler. Sep 85,139p EPA/600/8-85/004F
See also PB85-181097.
1.3-Butadiene	has been shown to be an indirect
mutage in bacteria. Two of its potential metabolites,
3.4-	epoxybutene and diepoxybutane, are genotoxic in
prokaryote as well as eukaryote test systems. Expo-
sure of rodents to 1,3-butadiene results in ovarian
tumors in mice and testicular tumors in rats, which
offers suggestive evidence that 1,3-butadiene (or a
motabolite of 1,3-butadiene) may reach the germ cells.
There is also evidence that the dimer of 1,3-butadiene,
4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene, causes ovarian tumors in mice"
The total body of evidence, including metabolism, mu-
tagenicity and carcinogenicity data, suggests that 1,3-
butadiene may present a genetic risk to humans. How-
ever, mutagenicity studies in mammalian test systems
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
genie potential ot 1,3-butadiene. On the basis of suffi-
cient evidence from studies in two species of rodents,
and inadequate epidemiologic data, 1,3-butadiene can
be classified, according to EPA's Proposed Guidelines
for Carcinogen Risk Assessment, as a 'probable'
human carcinogen, Group B2, Using the classification
scheme of the International Agency for Research on
Cancer, 1,3-butadiene would be classified as a 'proba-
ble' human carcinogen, Group 2B.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, "Industrial medi-
cine, "Mutagens, "Carcinogens, "Rubber industry,
Laboratory animals, Exposure, Toxicity, Inspection,
Hazardous materials, Air pollution, Risk, Butadienes,
Chemical analysis, Styrene butadiene resin, Ventila-
tion, Assessments, Dosage, Bacteria, In vivo analysis,
"Toxic substances, "Occupational safety and health,
"Indoor air pollution, Salmonella typhimurium.
PB86-125580/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Permit Writers' Guidance Manual for Hazardous
Waste Land Storage and Disposal Facilities.
Phase 1. Criteria for Location Acceptability and
Existing Applicable Regulations. Final draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Feb 85,177p EPA/530/SW-85/024
The 'Permit Writers' Guidance Manual for the Location
of Hazardous Waste Land Treatment, Storage, and
Disposal Facilities' has three purposes: (1) to provide
guidance in defining acceptable physical locations for
hazardous waste land treatment, storage, and dispos-
al (HWLTSD) units, (2) to cite available regulations and
statutes and how these should be applied in evaluating
the acceptability of locations, and (3) to present an
outline summary of future Agency efforts to ensure
both proper site analysis and safe location of such fa-
cilities. The intended audience is EPA Regional Office
staff and authorized State Agency personnel who
evaluate permit applications under the authority of the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).
Part of a broad program to encourage safe and proper
siting of hazardous waste facilities, this manual is the
first of a five document series.
Keywords: "Licenses, "Hazardous materials, "Guide-
lines, "Regulations, "Waste storage, "Manuals, Solid
waste disposal, Sites, Reviews, State government,
Terrains, Monitors, Hydrogeology, Soil analysis,
Design criteria, Water pollution, "Land disposal, "Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act, Surface im-
poundments.
PB86-126448/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Second Review of New Source Performance
Standards for Asphalt Concrete Plants.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Oct 85,146p EPA/450/3-85/024
The report reviews the current New Source Perform-
ance Standards for Asphalt Concrete Plants. It in-
cludes a summary of the current standards, the status
of current applicable control technology, and the ability
of plants to meet the current standards.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Standards, "Bitumi-
nous concretes, "Industrial wastes, Reviews, Parti-
cles, Combustion products, Performance evaluation,
"New source performance standards.
PB86-126703/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Methodology for Estimating Natural Hydrocarbon
Emissions,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. A. Reagan. Nov 85, 9p EPA/600/D-85/288
An emission inventory system for biogenic sources of
hydrocarbons has been developed. It is based on
modifications of the classic formula: Emissions =
Sigma Biomass Area Emission Factor. It accommo-
dates multiple sources with emission factors depend-
ent on season, temperature and solar intensity. It pro-
vides emissions on a latitude/longitude based grid
system aggregated by plant specie, hydrocarbon com-
pound, study area (county, state, etc.), or time interval.
The emission calculations from the inventory have
better spatial, source, temporal and hydrocarbon com-
pound resolution than prior work has provided.
Keywords: "Hydrocarbons, "Biomass, * Air pollution,
Revisions, "Natural emissions, "Emission factors,
"Emission inventories. Numerical solution.
PB86-126711/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Length Scale of Turbulence above Rough Sur-
faces,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. F. Clarke, F. S. Binkowski, J. K. S. Ching, and J. M.
Godowitch. Nov 85,8p EPA/600/D-85/286
Results of analyses of data for two urban sites and a
rural site suggest that the mixing length can be repre-
sented by the integral length scale of the turbulence
derived from vertical velocity spectra. The result is ap-
parently universal and permits the shear production of
turbulent kinetic energy to be estimated by measure-
ments at a single level within the surface boundary
layer.
Keywords: "Urban areas, "Rural areas, "Air pollution,
"Boundary layers, "Turbulence, Sites, "Air pollution
sampling.
PB86-126752/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Biological Phosphorus Removal: A Technology
Evaluation,
Brown and Caldwell, Pleasant Hill, CA.
M. J. Tetreault, A. H. Benedict, C. Kaempfer, and E. F.
Barth. Nov 85, 59p* EPA/600/D-85/289
Contract EPA-68-03-1818
Prepared in cooperation with Lee (Robert E.) and As-
sociates, Inc., Green Bay, Wl. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engi-
neering Research Lab.
A study of alternative biological phosphorus (bio-P) re-
moval processes was undertaken to evaluate their ef-
fectiveness and reliability. Thirty such facilities were
identified in the United States and Canada. Four plants
were selected for detailed study. The PhoStrip process
is used at Lansdale, Pennsylvania and Savage, Mary-
land and operationally modified activated sludge proc-
esses are used in Lake Buena Vista, Florida and
DePere, Wisconsin. These four facilities were found to
be capable of achieving effluent total phosphorus con-
centrations of 1 mg/l or less without tertiary treatment.
Keywords: "Phosphorus, "Activated sludge process,
"Sewage treatment, Removal, Effectiveness, Reliabil-
ity, Concentration(Composition), Anaerobic process-
es, Design criteria, Biomass, Performance evaluation,
Graphs(Charts), United States, Canada, "Phostrip
process, "Sewage treatment plants.
PB86-126828/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Application of the NAPAP (National Acid Precipi-
tation Assessment Program) Emissions Invento-
ries to Eulerian Modeling,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. H. Novak, and P. Middleton. Nov 85,9p EPA/600/
D-85/287
The paper presents the schedule for development and
evaluation of Eulerian Acid Deposition Models as part
of the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Pro-
gram and discusses the critical need to reduce uncer-
tainties in emissions inventories to provide more reli-
able modeling results for policy decision making. A
strong recommendation is made to expand, improve,
and standardize quality assurance procedures for
emission inventory development and to incorporate
knowledge gained through modeling sensitivity studies
in ranking emissions inventory development activities.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, "Air pollution, Qual-
ity assurance, Ranking, Assessments, Performance
evaluation, "Emission inventories, "National Acid Pre-
cipitation Assessment Program, "Acid rain, "Eulerian
acid deposition model.
PB86-127016/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Georgia, Water Year
1984. Water data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 83-30 Sep 84,
Geological Survey, Doraville, GA. Water Resources
Div.
W. R. Stokes, T. W. Hale, J. L. Pearman, and G. R.
Buell. Jul 85,394p USGS/WRD/HD-85/259, USGS/
WRD/GA-85/1
See also PB85-168748.
Water resources data for the 194 water year for Geor-
gia consists of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes and
reservoirs; and ground-water levels. The report con-
tains discharge records of 108 gaging stations; stage
for 11 gaging stations; stage and contents for 17 lakes
and reservoirs; water quality for 14 continuous sta-
tions, 109 periodic stations and miscellaneous sites;
peak stage and discharge only for 130 crest-stage par-
tial-record stations and 44 miscellaneous sites; and
water levels of 27 observation wells.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Surface waters, "Georgia,
Water quality, Stream flow. Flow rate, Lakes, Streams,
Reservoirs, Water table, Temperature, Tables/Data),
"Water quality data, "Hydrologic data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB86-127040/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Status of Organic Contaminants In Lake Huron:
Atmosphere, Water, Algae, Fish, Herring Gull
Eggs, and Sediment. Special rept. (Final),
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Div.
R. G. Kreis, and C. P. Rice. Aug 85,192p SR-114
Grant EPA-R-00551
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Chi-
cago, IL. Great Lakes National Program Office.
A wide array of contaminants has been detected in the
lake basin and biota of Lake Huron. Approximately 70
contaminants have been identified to be present to
date. The contaminants reported most frequently and
in highest concentrations are PCBs, DDT-R, dieldrin,
and mercury. Several other contaminants such as tox-
aphene, dioxin, PBB, and dibenzofurans are emerging
environmental issues but have not been sufficiently
studied. In general, Lake Huron contaminant concen-
trations fall within the range reported for the other
Great Lakes. Within the data set, Saginaw Bay gener-
ally contains the highest concentrations of organic
compounds in water, sediment, and biota and appears
to be the region that should receive the greatest
amount of concern and future study.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Water pollution,
"Lake Huron, Air pollution, Monitoring,
Concentration(Composition), Biphenyl, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Mercury(Metal), Dieldrin, Chlorohy-
drocarbons, DDT, Halohydrocarbons.
PB86-127107/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Second EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)
Evaluation of the POLARION-X Device Under Sec-
tion 511 of the Motor Vehicle Information and
Cost Savings Act. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
E. A. Barth. Apr 85, 33p EPA/AA/TEB-511 /85/2
The document announces the conclusions of the EPA
evaluation of the POLARION-X device under the provi-
sions of Section 511 of the Motor Vehicle Information
and Cost Savings Act. The second evaluation of the
POLARION-X device was conducted upon receiving
an application for evaluation from the marketer of the
device. The device is a fuel magnet. It is claimed to
reduce emissions, to improve fuel economy and per-
formance, to provide more complete combustion, to
eliminate engine carbon buildup and dieseling, and to
reduce the octane requirements of the engine. EPA
fully considered all of the previous correspondence
and analyses that were incorporated in the prior eval-
uation. In addition, the intervening correspondence
about the device and test fuel are also considered to
apply to the application. The net result is that, except
for the test data, the previous submission and the anal-
yses of it are essentially unchanged. Based on engi-
neering judgement, and the results of test data it is
concluded that the POLARION-X device will not im-
prove emissions or fuel economy.
Keywords: "Fuel consumption, "Motor vehicles, "Ex-
haust emissions, "Air pollution control equipment,
Cost analysis, Performance evaluation, Combustion,
"POLARION-X devices.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-127651/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Comparison of Solid Adsorbent Sampling Tech-
niques for Volatile Organic Compounds in Ambi-
ent Air,
Battetle Columbus Labs., OH.
R. M. Riggin, and R. A. Markle. Nov 85, 76p EPA/600/
4-85/077
Contract EPA-68-02-3487
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The specific objective of the study was to compare the
performance of three solid adsorbents (Tenax, an ex-
perimental polyimide resin, and Spherocarb) as well as
cryogenic trapping/gas chromatography for sampling
and analysis of a target list of volatile organic com-
pounds in ambient air. A series of 14 experimental
sampling runs, wherein parallel samples were collect-
ed using each of the techniques, were conducted over
a one-month period. Several of the runs used audit or
other reference standards as a check on method per-
formance for known analyte concentrations. Com-
pared to the three adsorbent methods, cryogenic trap-
ping/gas chromatography offered better precision and
accuracy for the compounds of interest, especially
when a mass selective detection system was em-
ployed. None of the three adsorbents gave optimal
performance for the entire list of compounds, although
in general Tenax gave the best results. Spherocarb
was the best adsorbent for chloroethene (vinyl chlo-
ride), dichloromethane, and 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-tri-
fluoroethane. The polyimide material suffered from a
number of operational problems which weigh heavily
against its use in ambient air sampling.
Keywords: 'Absorbers(Materials), Air pollution, *Gas
analysis, Polymide resins, Gas chromatography. Ex-
perimental design, Comparison, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Vinyl chloride, Performance evaluation,
Standards, Concentration(Comparison), Chlorometh-
anes, "Volatile organic compounds, "Air pollution sam-
pling, Air pollution detection, Tenax GC resins, Sphero-
carb, Reference materials, Ethane/trichloro-trifluoro,
Methane/dichloro.
PB86-128022/HSU	PC A23/MF A01
Interim Protocol for Diving Operations in Con-
taminated Water. Final rept. Aug 81-Oct 84,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
R. P. Traver. Nov 85,540p EPA/600/2-85/130
The purpose of the research program and resulting
manual have been to improve and update EPA's safety
capability which involve underwater hazardous chemi-
cal cleanup responses. The manual includes the as-
sessment, testing, evaluation, and demonstration of
commercial underwater protective suits, clothing, sup-
port equipment, and breathing apparatus in water con-
taminated with hazardous substances that may be in-
jurious to a diver's health. The manual also identifies
specific types of 'in-water' hazards, their location and
effects upon divers, their equipment and consider-
ations for protection surface support personnel. The
major participates and beneficiaries of the program
sponsored by the EPA and NOAA are the U.S. Coast
Guard, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Department of
Energy, Association of Diving Contractors, and the
many local underwater search and recovery units. The
helmets which were successfully evaluated for chemi-
cal exclusion were the Draeger Helmet System, the
Desco 'Pot' Diving Hat, Diving Systems International
Superlite-17B Helmet, Morse Engineering MK-12 Navy
Deep Water Helmet System, and Safety Sea Systems
SS-20 Helmax Helmet. Seven different suit configura-
tions were evaluated along with the above stated hel-
mets. One diving dress was from Draeger with the re-
maining six supplied by Viking Diving Systems.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Manuals, "Hazardous
materials, "Diving, "Divers, Assessments, Diving suits,
Performance evaluation, Safety, Protective clothing,
"Environmental health.
PB86-128576/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Macrophyslological Assessment of Organometal
Neurotoxicity,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park NC.
R. S. Dyer. Oct 85,110p EPA/600/D-85/271
488 Vol. 90, No. 24
Neurophysiological methods fall into two broad cate-
gories, macrophysiological and microphysiological.
The unit of analysis for microphysiological methods is
cellular or subcellular (e.g. membrane or channel)
whereas the unit of analysis for macrophysiological
methods is a population of neurons. Each set of meth-
ods may be used to great advantage or disadvantage,
depending upon the experimental question at hand.
The purpose of the chapter is to focus on studies
which have used macrophysiological methods to in-
vestigate the neurotoxicity produced by organometals.
For each study to be discussed, the issues under con-
sideration will be (1) appropriateness of the method to
answer the experimental question; (2) adequacy of ex-
perimental design in using the method; (3) importance
of the findings; and (4) identification of unresolved
issues.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Organometallic compounds,
Organomercurials, Organotins, Macrophysiology,
"Neurotoxicity.
PB86-128683/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Atmospheric Modeling: Model and Accuracy,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
K. L. Demerjian. Nov 85, 9p EPA/600/D-85/280
The development of models to assess the emission
control requirements of primary precursor pollutants in
the production of photochemical oxidants has been
underway for approximately 20 years. Over the period
there has been a considerable increase in our under-
standing of the basic scientific processes associated
with the production of photochemical oxidants in the
atmosphere and a concomitant advance in the analyti-
cal sophistication by which these processes are incor-
porated to derive quantitative precursor relationships.
The establishment of air quality standards implies the
use of such quantitative relationships to describe the
link between emissions and air quality in order to con-
sider an effective and cost efficient control program.
The paper maps out the progress that has been made
in the endeavor, discussing the successes and short-
comings of the present generation of modeling tools.
Model performance evaluations, accuracy, uncertainty
and sensitivity analyses are also discussed.
Keywords: "Mathematical models, "Air pollution con-
trol, "Standards, "Oxidiants, Assessments, Perform-
ance evaluations, Photochemical reactions, Chemical
properties, Physical properties, "Air quality, Photo-
chemical box model, EKMA models, Lagrangian pho-
tochemical model, Urban airshed model.
PB86-128717/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Emerging Technologies for the De-
struction of Hazardous Wastes,
California Dept. of Health Services, Sacramento.
J. Radimsky, and A. Shah. Jun 85, 108p EPA/600/2-
85/069
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineerinp Research
Lab.
The objective of the report is to provide detailed infor-
mation regarding four innovative alternative technol-
ogies demonstration projects for treating and destroy-
ing hazardous wastes.Under a cooperative agreement
between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
and the State of California, the Department of Health
Services (DHS) carried out a pilot scale test program
on the following promising technologies: High Temper-
ature Fluid-Wall, Evaluation of Emission Tests from
SunOhio Mobile Treatment Process, Wet Air Oxida-
tion, and Evaluation of Emission Tests from Wet Air
Oxidation Zimpro Process. Discussions of the above
processes include project descriptions, results, con-
clusions, and recommendations.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Waste treatment,
"Solid waste disposal, California, Oxidation, Pilot
plants, Technology, Wet methods, High temperature
fluid wall process, SunOhio mobile treatment process,
Wet air oxidation process, Zimpro process.
PB86-128725/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Slow Sand Filtration for Drinking Water Treat-
ment: U.S. Experience,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
K. R. Fox, R. M. Clark, and G. S. Logsdon. Nov 85,16p
EPA/600/D-85/278
Alternatives to conventional water filtration plants
(those using coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation,
and rapid filtration) may be appropriate for some small
water utilities. One such alternative is slow sand filtra-
tion. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has
recently reexamined the use of slow sand filtration for
the control of selected, regulated inorganic, microbio-
logical, and organic drinking water contaminants. The
research showed that slow sand filtration is an effec-
tive treatment technology that can easily be applied to
small communities.
Keywords: "Sand filtration, "Water treatment, Water
pollution control, Potable water, Safety, Pilot plants,
Turbidity, Surveys, Carbon, Bacteria, Removal.
PB86-128766/HSU	PC A03/ MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Use of Radioligand Binding Techniques in Neuro-
toxicology,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Medi-
cine.
D. L. DeHaven, and R. B. Mailman. Aug 85,50p EPA/
600/D-85/164
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Although it had been suggested that chemical trans-
mission was an important physiological mechanism,
confirmation awaited Loewi's finding that autonomic
nerve impulses resulted in the release of specific
chemical stimulants. These results led to an inevitable
conclusion-that there must be specific recognition
sites that can respond to the presence of the minute
amounts of these chemical transmitters. In the inter-
vening years, it became clear that the interaction of a
ligand (e.g., a chemical transmitter) with a binding site
(e.g., a receptor) could be characterized not only phys-
iologically, but also biochemically. However, the avail-
able biochemical methods required relatively large
amounts of tissue containing the receptors, especially
considering the low concentration of receptors in the
nervous system.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Ligands, Binding, "Neurotoxi-
cology, "Radioligands.
PB86-129244/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division, Standard Evaluation
Procedure: Honey Bee - Toxicity of Residues on
Foliage,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
A. Vaughan. Jun 85, 9p EPA/540/9-85/003
See also PB86-129426, and PB83-153957.
The Standard Evaluation Procedure (SEP) for the
Honey Bee Toxicity of Residues on Foliage is a guid-
ance document primarily intended for Agency review-
ers and the regulated industry who evaluate ecological
effects data specified in 40 CFR Part 158.145. The
SEP is also intended to provide information to the gen-
eral public indicating how the Agency evaluates these
types of studies. As such, it is designed to supplement
Subdivision E of the Pesticide Assessment Guidelines:
Hazard Evaluation - Wildlife and Aquatic Organisms.
This SEP provides an Introduction, Materials and
Methods, Reporting Requirements, Reviewer Evalua-
tion, and Appendix of appropriate methods to guide
the review and scientific evaluation of pesticide effects
on honey bees. The SEP for Honey Bee Toxicity of
Residues on Foliage is only one of a number of SEP's
published by the National Technical Information Serv-
ice as a supplement to Subdivision E of the Pesticide
Assessment Guidelines.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxicology, Residues, Vege-
tation, Procedures, Standards, Reporting, "Honey
bees, Foliage.
PB86-129251/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division, Standard Evaluation
Procedure: Wild Mammal Toxicity Test,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Pesticide Programs.
R. Farringer. Jun 85,22p EPA/540/9-85/004
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The Standard Evaluation Procedure (SEP) for the Wild
Mammal Toxicity Test is a guidance document primari-
ly intended for Agency reviewers and the regulated in-
dustry who evaluate ecological effects data specified
in 40 CFR Part 158.145. The SEP is also intended to
provide information to the general public indicating
how the Agency evaluates these types of studies. As
such, it is designed to supplement Subdivision E of the
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines: Hazard Evaluation -
Wildlife and Aquatic Organisms. This SEP provides an
Introduction, Materials and Methods, Reporting Re-
quirements, Reviewer Evaluation, and Appendix of ap-
propriate methods to guide the review and scientific
evaluation of pesticide effects on wild mammals. The
SEP for Wild Mammal Toxicity Test is only one of a
number of SEP's published by the National Technical
Information Service as a supplement to Subdivision E
of the Pesticide Assessment Guidelines.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Mammals, 'Toxicology, Wild-
life, Standard evaluation procedure.
PB86-129269/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division, Standard Evaluation
Procedure: Acute Toxicity Teat for Freshwater In-
vertebrates,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
E. Zucker. Jun85,18p EPA/540/9-85/005
See also PB86-129251, and PB83-153908.
The Standard Evaluation Procedure (SEP) for the
Acute Toxicity Test for Freshwater Invertebrates is a
guidance document primarily intended for agency re-
viewers and the regulated industry who evaluate eco-
logical effects data specified in 40 CFR Part 158,145.
The SEP is also intended to provide information to the
general public indicating how the Agency evaluates
these types of studies. As such, it is designed to sup-
plement Subdivision E of the Pesticide Assessment
Guidelines: Hazard Evaluation - Wildlife and Aquatic
Organisms. This SEP provides an Introduction, Materi-
als and Methods, Reporting Requirements, Reviewer
Evaluation, and Appendix of appropriate methods to
guide the review and scientific evaluation of pesticide
effects on freshwater invertebrates. The SEP for the
Acute Toxicity Test for Freshwater Invertebrates is
only one of a number of SEP's published by the Na-
tional Technical Information Service as a supplement
to Subdivision E of the Pesticide Assessment Guide-
lines.
Keywords; 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Invertebrates,
Fresh water. Procedures, Standard evaluation proce-
dure.
PB86-129277/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division, Standard Evaluation
Procedure: Acute Toxicity Test for Freshwater
Fish,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
E. Zucker. Jun 85,18p EPA/540/9-85/006
See also PB86-129269, and PB83-153908.
The Standard Evaluation Procedure (SEP) for the
Acute Toxicity Test for Freshwater Fish is a guidance
document primarily intended for Agency reviewers and
the regulated industry who evaluate ecological effects
data specified in 40 CFR Part 158.145. The SEP is also
intended to provide information to the general public
indicating how the Agency evaluates these types of
studies. As such, it is designed to supplement Subdivi-
sion E of the Pesticide Assessment Guidelines: Hazard
Evaluation - Wildlife and Aquatic Organisms. This SEP
provides an Introduction, Materials and Methods, Re-
porting Requirements, Reviewer Evaluation, and Ap-
pendix of appropriate methods to guide the review and
scientific evaluation of pesticide effects on fish. The
SEP for the Acute Toxicity Test for Freshwater Fish is
only one of a number of SEP's published by the Na-
tional Technical Information Service as a supplement
to Subdivision E of the Pesticide Assessment Guide-
lines.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, 'Fishes, Fresh
water, Procedures, Standard evaluation procedure.
PB86-129285/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division, Standard Evaluation
Procedure: Avian Single-Dose Oral LD50 Test,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
J. Bascietto. Jun 85,15p EPA/540/9-85/007
See also PB86-129285, and PB83-153908.
The Standard Evaluation Procedure (SEP) for the
Avian Single-Dose Oral LD50 Test is a guidance docu-
ment primarily intended for Agency reviewers and the
regulated industry who evaluate ecological effects
data specified in 40 CFR Part 158.145. The SEP is also
intended to provide information to the general public
indicating how the Agency evaluates these types of
studies. As such, it is designed to supplement Subdivi-
sion E of the Pesticide Assessment Guidelines: Hazard
Evaluation - Wildlife and Aquatic Organisms. This SEP
provides an Introduction, Materials and Methods, Re-
porting Requirements, Reviewer Evaluation, and Ap-
pendix of appropriate methods to guide the review and
scientific evaluation of pesticide effects on birds. The
SEP for Avian Single-Dose Oral LD50 Test is only one
of a number of SEP's published by the National Tech-
nical Information Sen/ice as a supplement to Subdivi-
sion E of the Pesticide Assessment Guidelines.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Birds, Lethal
dosage, Procedures, Standard evaluation procedure.
PB86-129293/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division, Standard Evaluation
Procedure: Avian Dietary LC50 Test,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
J. Bascietto. Jun 85,16p EPA/540/9-85/008
See also PB86-129285, and PB83-153908.
The Standard Evaluation Procedure (SEP) for the
Avian Dietary LC50 Test is a guidance document pri-
marily intended for Agency reviewers and the regulat-
ed industry who evaluate ecological effects data speci-
fied in 40 CFR Part 158.145. The SEP is also intended
to provide information to the general public indicating
how the Agency evaluates these types of studies. As
such, it is designed to supplement Subdivision E of the
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines: Hazard Evaluation -
Wildlife and Aquatic Organisms. This SEP provides an
Introduction, Materials and Methods, Reporting Re-
quirements, Reviewer Evaluation, and Appendix of ap-
propriate methods to guide the review and scientific
evaluation of pesticide effects on birds. The SEP for
Avian Dietary LC50 Test is only one of a number of
SEP's published by the National Technical Information
Service as a supplement to Subdivision E of the Pesti-
cide Assessment Guidelines.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Birds, Lethal
dosage, Procedures, Diets, Standard evaluation pro-
cedure.
PB86-129301/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division, Standard Evaluation
Procedure: Acute Toxicity Test for Estuarlne and
Marine Organisms (Estuarlne Fish 96-Hour Acute
Toxicity Test),
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
D. Rieder. Jun 85,17p EPA/540/9-85/009
See also PB86-129293, and PB83-153908.
The Standard Evaluation Procedure (SEP) for the Es-
tuarine Fish 96-Hour Acute Toxicity Test is a guidance
document primarily intended for Agency reviewers and
the regulated industry who evaluate ecological effects
data specified in 40 CFR Part 158.145. The SEP is also
intended to provide information to the general public
indicating how the Agency evaluates these types of
studies. As such, it is designed to supplement Subdivi-
sion E of the Pesticide Assessment Guidelines: Hazard
Evaluation - Wildlife and Aquatic Organisms. This SEP
provides an Introduction, Materials and Methods, Re-
porting Requirements, Reviewer Evaluation, and Ap-
pendix of appropriate methods to guide the review and
scientific evaluation of pesticide effects on estuarine/
marine fish. The SEP for the Estuarine Fish 96-Hour
Acute Toxicity Test is only one of a number of SEP's
published by the National Technical Information Serv-
ice as a supplement to Subdivision E of the Pesticide
Assessment Guidelines.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Fishes, Aquatic
animals, Marine biology, Estuaries, Procedures, Stand-
ard evaluation procedures.
PB86-129319/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division, Standard Evaluation
Procedure: Acute Toxicity Test for Estuarlne and
Marine Organisms (Shrimp 96-Hour Acute Toxicity
Test),
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
D. Rieder. Jun 85,17p EPA/540/9-85/010
See also PB86-129301, and PB83-153908.
The Standard Evaluation Procedure (SEP) for the
Shrimp 96-Hour Acute Toxicity Test is a guidance doc-
ument primarily intended for Agency reviewers and the
regulated industry who evaluate ecological effects
data specified in 40 CFR Part 158.145. The SEP is also
intended to provide information to the general public
indicating how the Agency evaluates these types of
studies. As such, it is designed to supplement Subdivi-
sion E of the Pesticide Assessment Guidelines: Hazard
Evaluation - Wildlife and Aquatic Organisms. This SEP
provides an Introduction, Materials and Methods, Re-
porting Requirements, Reviewer Evaluation, and Ap-
pendix of appropriate methods to guide the review and
scientific evaluation of pesticide effects on estuarine/
marine shrimp. The SEP for the Shrimp 96-Hour Toxici-
ty Test is only one of a number of SEP's published by
the National Technical Information Service as a sup-
plement to Subsidivision E of the Pesticide Assess-
ment Guidelines.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, 'Shrimp, Shell-
fish, Marine biology, Estuaries, Aquatic animals,
Standard evaluation procedure.
PB86-129327/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division, Standard Evaluation
Procedure: Acute Toxicity Test for Estuarine and
Marine Organisms (Mollusc 96-Hour Flow-Through
Shell Deposition Study),
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
D. Rieder. Jun 85,16p EPA/540/9-85/011
See also PB86-129319, and PB83-153908.
The Standard Evaluation Procedure (SEP) for the Mol-
lusc 96-Hour Flow-Through Shell Deposition Test is a
guidance document primarily intended for Agency re-
viewers and the regulated industry who evaluate eco-
logical effects data specified in 40 CFR Part 158.145.
The SEP is also intended to provide information to the
general public indicating how the Agency evaluates
these types of studies. As such, it is designed to sup-
plement Subdivision E of the Pesticide Assessment
Guidelines: Hazard Evaluation - Wildlife and Aquatic
Organisms. This SEP provides an Introduction, Materi-
als and Methods, Reporting Requirements, Reviewer
Evaluation, and Appendix of appropriate methods to
guide the review and scientific evaluation of pesticide
effects on molluscs. The SEP for the Mollusc 96-Hour
Flow-Through Shell Deposition Test is only one of a
number of SEP's published by the National Technical
Information Service as a supplement to Subdivision E
of the Pesticide Assessment Guidelines.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Mollusca, Pro-
cedures, Shellfish, Aquatic animals, Marine biology,
Estuaries, Standard evaluation procedure.
PB86-129335/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division, Standard Evaluation
Procedure: Acute Toxicity Test for Estuarine and
Marine Organisms (Mollusc 48-Hour Embryo
Larvae Study),
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
D. Rieder. Jun 85,17p EPA/540/9-85/012
See also PB86-129327, and PB83-153908.
The Standard Evaluation Procedure (SEP) for the Mol-
lusc 48-Hour Embryo-Larvae Toxicity Test is a guid-
ance document primarily intended for Agency review-
ers and the regulated industry who evaluate ecological
effects data specified in 40 CFR Part 158.145. The
SEP is also intended to provide information to the gen-
eral public indicating how the Agency evaluates these
types of studies. As such, it is designed to supplement
Subdivision E of the Pesticide Assessment Guidelines:
Hazard Evaluation - Wildlife and Aquatic Organisms.
This SEP provides an Introduction, Materials and
Methods, Reporting Requirements, Reviewer Evalua-
tion, and Appendix of appropriate methods to guide
the review and scientific evaluation of pesticide effects
on estuarine/marine fish. The SEP for the Estuarine
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Fish 96-Hour Acute Toxicity Test is only one of a
number of SEP's published by the National Technical
Information Service as a supplement to Subdivision E
of the Pesticide Assessment Guidelines.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Toxicology, "Mollusca, Estu-
aries, Marine biology, Aquatic animals, Embryos,
Larvae, Standard evaluation procedure.
PB86-129343/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division, Standard Evaluation
Procedure: Hydrolysis Studies,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
S. M. Creeger. Jun 05,20p EPA/540/9-85/013
See also PB86-129335, and PB83-153973.
The Standard Evaluation Procedure for the Hydrolysis
Studies is a guidance document primarily intended for
Agency reviewers and the regulated industry who
evaluate data specified in 40 CFR Part 158.124. The
SEP is also intended to provide information to the gen-
eral public indicating how the Agency evaluates these
types of studies. As such, it is designed to supplement
Subdivision N of the Pesticide Assessment Guidelines
- Chemistry: Environmental Fate. The SEP for Hydroly-
sis Studies is only one of a number of SEP's published
by the National Technical Information Service as a
supplement to Subdivision N of the Pesticide Assess-
ment Guidelines.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Hydrolysis, Pro-
cedures, Standard evaluation procedure.
PB66-129350/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division, Standard Evaluation
Procedure: Aqueous Photolysis Studies,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
N. K. Whetzel, and S. M. Creeger. Jun 85,21p EPA/
540/9-85-014
See also PB86-129343, and PB83-153973.
The Standard Evaluation Procedure for the Aqueous
Photolysis Studies is a guidance document primarily in-
tended for Agency reviewers and the regulated indus-
try who evaluate data specified in 40 CFR Part
158.124. The SEP is also intended to provide informa-
tion to the general public indicating how the Agency
evaluates these types of studies. As such, it is de-
signed to supplement Subdivision N of the Pesticide
Assessment Guidelines - Chemistry: Environmental
Fate. The SEP for Aqueous Photolysis Studies is only
one of a number of SEP's published by the National
Technical Information Service as a supplement to Sub-
division N of the Pesticide Assessment Guidelines.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Photolysis, "Pesticides, Pro-
cedures, Standard evaluation procedure, 'Aqueous
photolysis.
PB86-129368/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division, Standard Evaluation
Procedure: Aerobic Soil Metabolism Studies,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
C. M. Fletcher, and S. M. Creeger. Jun 85, 24p EPA/
540/9-85/015
See also PB86-129350, and PB83-153973.
The Standard Evaluation Procedure for the Aerobic
Soil Metabolism Studies is a guidance document pri-
marily intended for Agency reviewers and the regulat-
ed industry who evaluate data specified in 40 CFR Part
158.124. The SEP is also intended to provide informa-
tion to the general public indicating how the Agency
evaluates these types of studies. As such, it is de-
signed to supplement Subdivision N of the Pesticide
Assessment Guidelines - Chemistry: Environmental
Fate. The SEP for Aerobic Soil Metabolism Studies is
only one of a number of SEP's published by the Na-
tional Technical Information Service as a supplement
to Subdivision N of the Pesticide Assessment Guide-
lines.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, 'Soils, Metabo-
lism, Procedures, Aerobic processes, Standard eval-
uation procedure.
490 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB86-129376/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division, Standard Evaluation
Procedure: Soil Photolysis Studies,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
N. K. Whetzel, and S. M. Creeger. Jun 85, 22p EPA/
540/9-85/016
See also PB86-129368, and PB83-153973.
The Standard Evaluation Procedure for the Soil Pho-
tolysis Studies is a guidance document primarily in-
tended for Agency reviewers and the regulated indus-
try who evaluate data specified in 40 CFR Part
158.124. The SEP is also intended to provide informa-
tion to the general public indicating how the Agency
evaluates these types of studies. As such, it is de-
signed to supplement Subdivision N of the Pesticide
Assessment Guidelines - Chemistry: Environmental
Fate. The SEP for Soil Photolysis Studies is only one of
a number of SEP's published by the National Techni-
cal Information Service as a supplement to Subdivision
N of the Pesticide Assessment Guidelines.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Photolysis, 'Soils, 'Pesti-
cides, Chemical reactions, Procedures, Standard eval-
uation procedure.
PB86-129384/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division, Standard Evaluation
Procedure: Soil Column Leaching Studies,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
C. L. Fletcher, and S. M. Creeger. Jun 85,22p EPA/
540/9-85/017
See also PB86-129376, and PB83-153973.
The Standard Evaluation Procedure for the Soil
Column Leaching Studies is a guidance document pri-
marily intended for Agency reviewers and the regulat-
ed industry who evaluate toxicologic effects data spec-
ified in 40 CFR Part 158.124. The SEP is also intended
to provide information to the general public indicating
how the Agency evaluates these types of studies. As
such, it is designed to supplement Subdivision N of the
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines - Chemistry: Envi-
ronmental Fate. The SEP for Soil Column Leaching
Studies is only one of a number of SEP's published by
the National Technical Information Service as a sup-
plement to Subdivision N of the Pesticide Assessment
Guidelines.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, 'Leaching, Pro-
cedures, 'Soil columns, Standard evaluation proce-
dure, Environmental persistence.
PB86-129392/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division, Standard Evaluation
Procedure: Teratology Studies,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
L. D. Chitlik, Q. Q. Bui, G. J. Burin, and S. C. Dapson.
Jun 85, 38p EPA/540/9-85/018
See also PB86-129384, and PB83-153916.
The Standard Evaluation Procedure for the Teratology
Studies is a guidance document primarily intended for
Agency reviewers and the regulated industry who
evaluate toxicologic effects data specified in 40 CFR
Part 158.124. The SEP is also intended to provide in-
formation to the general public indicating how the
Agency evaluates these types of studies. As such, it is
designed to supplement Subdivision F of the Pesticide
Assessment Guidelines - Hazard Evaluation: Human
and Domestic Animals. The SEP for Teratology Stud-
ies is only one of a number of SEP's published by the
National Technical Information Service as a supple-
ment to Subdivision F of the Pesticide Assessment
Guidelines.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, 'Animals, Proce-
dures, Domestic animals, 'Teratogenesis, Standard
evaluation procedure.
PB86-129400/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division, Standard Evaluation
Procedure. Oncogenicity Potential: Guidance for
Analysis and Evaluation of Long Term Rodent
Studies,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
O E. Paynter. Jun 85, 72p EPA/540/9-85/019
See also PB86-129392, and PB83-153916.
The Standard Evaluation Procedure (SEP) for the On-
cogenicity Potential: Guidance for Analysis and Eval-
uation of Long Term Rodent Studies is a guidance
document primarily intended for Agency reviewers and
the regulated industry who evaluate toxicologic effects
data specified in 40 CFR Part 158.145. The SEP is also
intended to provide information to the general public
indicating how the Agency evaluates these types of
studies. As such, it is designed to supplement Subdivi-
sion F of the Pesticide Assessment Guidelines -
Hazard Evaluation: Human and Domestic Animals.
The SEP for Oncogenicity Potential is only one of a
number of SEP's published by the National Technical
Information Service as a supplement to Subdivision F
of the Pesticide Assessment Guidelines.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxicology, Rodents, Labora-
tory animals, Procedures, "Oncogenesis, Standard
evaluation procedure.
PB86-129418/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division, Standard Evaluation
Procedure. Toxicity Potential: Guidance for Analy-
sis and Evaluation of Subchronic and Chronic Ex-
posure Studies,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
O. E. Paynter, J. E. Harris, R. B. Jaeger, and G. J.
Burin. Jun 85,36p EPA/540/9-85/020
See also PB86-129400, and PB83-153916.
The Standard Evaluation Procedure for the Toxicity
Potential: Guidance for Analysis and Evaluation of
Subchronic Exposure Studies is a guidance document
primarily intended for Agency reviewers and the regu-
lated industry who evaluate toxicologic effects data
specified in 40 CFR Part 158.145. The SEP is also in-
tended to provide information to the general public in-
dicating how the Agency evaluates these types of
studies. As such, it is designed to supplement Subdivi-
sion F of the Pesticide Assessment Guidelines -
Hazard Evaluation: Human and Domestic Animals.
The SEP for Oncogenicity Potential is only one of a
number of SEP's published by the National Technical
Information Service as a supplement to Subdivision F
of the Pesticide Assessment Guidelines.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, "Animals, Proce-
dures, Domestic animals, Standard evaluation proce-
dure.
PB86-129426/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division, Standard Evaluation
Procedure. Magnitude of the Residue: Crop Field
Trials,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
M. J. Nelson. Jun 85,24p EPA/540/9-85/021
See also PB86-129418, and PB83-153981.
The Standard Evaluation Procedure (SEP) for the
Magnitude of the Residue: Crop Field Trials is a guid-
ance document primarily intended for Agency review-
ers and the regulated industry who evaluate data spec-
ified in 40 CFR Part 158.145. The SEP is also intended
to provide information to the general public indicating
how the Agency evaluates these types of studies. As
such, it is designed to supplement Subdivision 0 of the
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines: Residue Chemistry.
Keywords: "Toxicology, 'Pesticides, 'Crops, Resi-
dues, Plants(Botany), Procedures, Standard evalua-
tion procedure.
PB86-129533/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Climatic Trends over North America: Potential
Role of Aerosols,
Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO.
R. B. Husar, and W. E. Wilson. Nov 85, 21 p EPA/600/
D-85/282
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
The spatial pattern and the trends (1948-1980) of sev
eral key climatic parameters show that there has been
a reduction of the surface noon temperature, overthn
S.E. United States. During the same time, and over the
same region, there has been an increase ot dewpoint
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
overwhich these changes occurred coincides with the
region of most significant increase in haziness (aerosol
concentration). However, a cause-effect relationship
has not been established.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, "Climatic changes, * Air pollu-
tion,	Dew	point,	Humidity,
Concentration(Composition), Clouds, Ozone, Trends,
"Climatic trends, "Southeastern region(United States).
PB86-129699	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Acid Rain on Fruit Crops,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. Center for Environmental
Research
P. L. Forsline, and W. J. Kender. c1985,4p EPA/600/
D-85/276
Sponsored by Corva/lis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Pub. in Proceedings of the New York State Symposium
on Atmospheric Deposition, Ithaca, NY., January 7-8,
1982, p47-49.
Because of climatic restrictions, fruit production is con-
centrated in a relatively few states in the U.S. Among
the factors presenting increasing challenges to fruit
growers is air pollution. In contrast to herbaceous
annual agricultural crops, woody perennial fruit plants
are subject to exposure to pollutants as acute epi-
sodes, season-long chronic exposures, as well as
season-to-season chronic exposures. Therefore, air
pollutants may influence the fruiting process at the
time of flower initiation in year one or following fertiliza-
tion, fruit set, fruit development and maturation stages
in year two. An episode of acid rain during this period
could influence productivity. The objective of the re-
search in the laboratory is to examine the specific ef-
fects of acid rain on fruit production in grapes and
apples.
Keywords: 'Acidity, "Air pollution, "Fruit crops, Expo-
sure, Seasonal variations, Plant reproduction, Grapes,
Apples, Germination, Reprints, "Acid precipitation.
PB86-129780/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Advances in Control Technology for Acid Deposi-
tion,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
G. B. Martin, J. H. Abbott, and L. E. Sparks. Nov 85,
38p EPA/600/D-85/281
Causes and effects of acid deposition are the subject
of widespread discussion both in the U.S. and Europe.
Two major concerns are the acidification of lakes and
streams, and forest damage. The proposed mecha-
nism for acidification of lakes and streams is the depo-
sition of acidic materials such as sulfate and nitrate.
While forest damage mechanisms must be estab-
lished, one current theory is that it is the result of oxi-
dants formed in the atmosphere by reaction of nitro-
gen oxides (NOx) and hydrocarbons. These acidic ma-
terials are postulated to be formed In the atmosphere
from precursors, principally sulfur dioxide (S02). NOx,
and hydrocarbons, emitted from automotive, industrial,
and utility sources. Conventional methods for reducing
S02 emissions from coal-fired power plants include
flue gas desulfurization, coal cleaning, and switching
to lower sulfur fuel. Several emerging technologies
may provide more cost effective control of S02 and/or
NOx. The EPA is actively developing two such technol-
ogies: Limestone Injection Multistage Burners (LIMB)
and E-SOX. The paper summarizes the status of the
technology and discusses planned research and de-
velopment activities.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Rain, "Acidification,
"Water pollution, "Air water interactions, United
States, Europe, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur dioxide, Tech-
nology, Forests, Hydrocarbons, Calcium carbonates.
Combustion products, Industrial wastes, "Acid rain,
Coal fired power plants, Flue gas desulfurization, Air
pollution effects(Plants), Limestone injection multis-
tage burners, E-Sox process.
PB86-129798/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Modern Method* to Measure Air Pollutants,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
R. K. Stevens. Oct 85,62p* EPA/600/D-85/260
The paper discusses the requirements for the collec-
tion and analysis of ambient particles to satisfy data re-
quirements for source and receptor models as applied
to pollution control applications. The paper describes
the following analytical procedures as applied to re-
ceptor modeling: X-ray fluorescence (XRF), neutron
activation (NAA), ion exchange chromatography (IC),
X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OM) and
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as the
recent application of gas phase denuders to measure
a wide range of pollutants, including nitric acid and am-
monia.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "Air pollution control,
"Mathematical models, "Particles, Particle size distri-
bution, X ray fluorescence, Neutron activation analy-
sis, X ray diffraction, "Air pollution detection, "Recep-
tor models, Scanning electron microscopy, Proce-
dures, Ion exchange chromatography, Optical micros-
copy.
PB86-129806/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Measuring Airborne Asbestos Following an
Abatement Action,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. L. Keyes, J. J. Breen, and M. E. Beard. Jul 85,51 p
EPA/600/4-85/049
Contract EPA-68-02-3767
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Sciences,
Tucson, AZ. Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring
Systems Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
One of the most critical points in an asbestos abate-
ment project is knowing when the work has been com-
pleted, the contractor can be released, and the build-
ing can be reoccupied. This decision should be based
on two factors: (1) satisfactory performance of the
abatement work, and (2) thorough cleaning of the work
site. As outlined herein, these factors should be evalu-
ated by virtually inspecting the work site and by meas-
uring the level of airborne asbestos there. The evalua-
tion should be conducted by the asbestos program
manager or the technical advisor assigned to monitor
the abatement work. The report discusses various
technical issues regarding the air test. Specifications
are provided for air sampling and detailed guidelines
are presented for using either TEM or PCM to analyze
the samples. The information is designed for asbestos
program managers and technical program advisors.
Keywords: "Asbestos, "Buildings, "Air pollution con-
trol, "Industrial hygiene, "Public health, Exposure,
Sampling, Cleaning, Performance evaluation, Chemi-
cal analysis, Guidelines, Electron microscopy, "Air pol-
lution abatement, *Air pollution effects(Humans), *Air
pollution sampling, "Air pollution detection, Proce-
dures.
PB86-12S814/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Preneoplastic Transformation of Respiratory
Epithelial Cells by Complex Organic Mixtures In a
Clonal Assay,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. J. Mass, C. M. Marr, and J. L. Mumford. Nov 85,30p
EPA/600/D-85/283
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Health
Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park,
NC.
In the study complex organic mixtures that were ex-
tracts of particulate emissions from 3 heating sources
were tested for the presence of agents that induce
preneoplastic transformation of rat tracheal epithelial
(RTE) cells in an in vitro clonal assay. The samples
were derived from homes in Xuan Wei County, China
where extremely high incidences of lung cancer are
found that are 4-fold in excess of the national average.
In some communes, the cancer mortality rates are as
high as 19 to 30 times the national average rate. This is
postulated to result from inhalation exposures pro-
duced by the routine burning of a 'smokey' coal in an
open indoor pit as the sole source of heat and cooking
fuel under unvented conditions. Dichloromethane ex-
tracts of particulate samples (<10 micrometers in
size) of 'smokey' coal obtained from the respirable air
in homes burning this fuel were tested in the RTE cell
transformation assay. In addition, the response was
compared to that obtained from particulate emissions
of 2 other fuel types used in communes in China that
have low associated lung cancer incidences: com-
munes that use 'smokeless' coal, and wood as fuels.
Keywords: "Toxicology, 'Neoplasms, Epithelium,
Cells(Biology), Emissions, Rats, In vitro analysis, "Air
pollution eftects(Humans), Particulates.
PB86-130002/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Detection of Hydroxy-Nltro-PAHs (-Polycyclic Ar-
omatic Hydrocarbons) In an Ambient Air Particu-
late Extract Using Bloaaaay Directed Fractiona-
tion,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
M. G. Nishioka, C. C. Howard, and J. Lewtas. Nov 85,
18p EPA/600/D-85/274
Contract EPA-68-02-3745
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Urban air particles contain extractable organic matter
which has both mutagenic and carcinogenic activity.
Detection of the specific compounds responsible for
mutagenic activity has been limited by the complexity
of these extracts and the presence of highly polar
components which have been difficult to identify. To
facilitate identifications, these extracts must be sepa-
rated into substantially less complex fractions and
analyzed with newer analytical techniques. Bioassay-
directed fractionation has been proposed as the most
cost and time effective approach to identifying muta-
genic compounds in complex mixtures by directing the
analytical and identification research effort toward only
significantly mutagenic fractions. This approach
should be especially useful for the detection of hereto-
fore unknown constituents of the matrix as the meth-
ods are not directed to or developed for specific com-
pounds or compound classes.
Keywords: "Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, "Bioas-
say, "Distillation, "Particles, "Air pollution, Mutagens,
Carcinogens, Chemical analysis, Industrial wastes,
Residential buildings, Extraction, Mass spectroscopy,
"Air pollution detection, "Environmental health, "Air
pollution effects(Humans). High performance liquid
chromatography.
PB86-130010/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Electrostatic Enhancement of Fabric Filtration of
Fly Ash and Spray Dryer By-Product,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
L. S. Hovis, B. E. Daniel, and R. P. Donovan. Nov 85,
27p EPA/600/D-85/277
Prepared in cooperation with Research Triangle Inst.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
The paper describes small pilot-scale experiments,
showing that the pressure drop increase during the
fabric filtration of redispersed spray dryer by-product
(chiefly calcium salts and fly ash) is significantly re-
duced by electrostatic enhancement of the filtration.
The pressure drop rise for a typical electrostatically
augmented fabric filtration (ESFF) is only 25% or less
of that of the rise for a conventional filtration cycle. The
ESFF takes advantage of the electrical characteristics
of the spray dryer by-product, specifically the higher
natural electrical charge, as compared to fly ash, and
the relatively lower electrical resistivity of the spray
dryer by-product at the high moisture and the low tem-
perature conditions of filtration of spray dryer by-prod-
uct. The low resistivity of the spray dryer by-product
and certain fly ashes allows application of high corona
voltages in the new Center-wire ESFF to produce an
even slower pressure drop Increase over the filtration
cycle. Center-wire ESFF proved to be operable under
conditions of high gas velocities and grain loadings
which were beyond the range for successful conven-
tional reverse-air fabric filtration. Results of tests on
the Center-wire ESFF are presented and compared
with conventional fabric filtration.
Keywords: "Fly ash, "Air pollution control equipment,
"Spray drying, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Byproducts, Pressure, Performance evaluation,
•Electrostatic fabric filters, Fabric filters.
PB86-130028/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Using Ashford's General Model to Aid In the Un-
derstanding of a Pesticide's Neurotoxic Effect
Through Pesticide-Drug Mixture Experiments,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianole
Park, NC.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
D. J. Svendsgaard, and K. M. Crotton. Nov 85, 15p
EPA/600/D-85/241
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill.
Ashford's 1981 paper in BIOMETRICS provides a
framework for interpreting the joint action of mixtures
of drugs. These concepts are applied to the situation in
which the mechanism of three drugs are fairly well un-
derstood and mixtures of pesticides and drugs are
studied to aid in the understanding of the mechanism
of certain types of pesticides. Laboratory data is fit by
nonlinear regression to models suggested by Ash-
ford's paper. The conclusions drawn from fitting these
models and the implication of the design of experi-
ments for further studies are discussed.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Drugs, 'Toxicology, Models,
Synergism, Neurotoxicity, Ashfords models.
PB86-130036/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Theoretical Model of Soiling of Surfaces by Air-
borne Particles,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
F. H. Haynie. Nov 85,24p EPA/600/D-85/279
A model is developed which can be used to predict the
change in reflectance from a surface as a function of
time. Reflectance change is a measure of soiling
caused by the deposition of particles on a surface. The
major inputs to the model are the parameters to a bi-
modal distribution of ambient particle concentration,
surface roughness, friction velocity, particle and sub-
strate reflectance, and whether the surface is vertical
or horizontal. A new model for deposition velocity was
developed for rough surfaces using Reynold's number
- friction factor data and available particle deposition
data. The model is used to demonstrate the effects of
changing input parameters on rates of soiling of sur-
faces.
Keywords: "Mathematical models, 'Surface proper-
ties, "Air pollution, 'Particles, 'Degradation, Texture,
Diffusion.
PB86-130077	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Acidic Precipitation on Benthos,
Colgate Univ., Hamilton, NY. Dept. of Biology.
R. Singer. c1985,37p EPA/600/D-85/275
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Pub. in Acid Precipitation: Effects on Ecological Sys-
tems, p329-363 1982.
The community of organisms, the benthos, which in-
habit aquatic sediments interact with biological and
chemical components of the water column by process-
ing detritus, recycling inorganic nutrients, mixing sedi-
ments, and serving as a principal food source for fish,
waterfowl, and riparian mammals. Studies of the ef-
fects of acidic precipitation on this community have
begun only in the past few years.
Keywords: 'Acidity, 'Benthos, 'Ecology, 'Air pollu-
tion, 'Water pollution, Streams, Sediments, Detritus,
Nutrients, Marine microorganisms, pH, Fishes, Mam-
mals, Reprints, 'Acid precipitation, Recycling, Water
pollution effects(Animals).
PB86-130192/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Insituform and Other Sewer Rehabilitation Tech-
niques. Final rept. Nov 77-Dec 83,
Simmons (Thomas I.) and Associates, Rochelle, IL.
M. R. Olson. Nov 85,128p EPA/600/2-85/132
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
In 1979 the City of Hagerstown, Maryland embarked
upon a very aggressive sanitary sewer collection
system rehabilitation program utilizing sewer lining by
the 'Insituform' method, testing and seating of joints
and manholes with chemical grout, and the point repair
of sewer mains. A review has been made of results. In
addition, the author or his representative reviewed a
site in LaGrange Highlands, Illinois, where sliplining
with a conventional polyethylene liner was being per-
formed, and thirteen 'Insituform' sites. The study com-
pares these repair options. For the 'Insituform' process
discussion includes installation procedures and prob-
492 Vol. 90, No. 24
lems, the product limitations, spatial requirements of
the equipment, and safety hazards and procedures.
Keywords: "Linings, "Sewers, "Maintenance, Sewer
pipes, Tests, Sealing, Grout, Sealing compounds,
Joints(Junctions), Installing, Requirements, Polyethyl-
ene, Hazards, Fluid infiltration, Maryland, 'Insituform
method, Hagerstown(Maryland).
PB86-13021B/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
TRS-80 in-Stack Opacity Computer Programs:
User and Programmer Manual. Rept. for Apr 82-Jun
83,
Atmospheric Research Group, Altadena, CA.
S. J. Cowen, D. S. Ensor, and L. E. Sparks. Nov 85,
90p EPA/600/8-85/027
Prepared in cooperation with Research Triangle Inst.,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The manual describes a microcomputer program writ-
ten to estimate instack opacity from ducted sources.
Input data required to run the program are the particle
size distribution, particle refractive index, mass emis-
sion concentration, wavelength of light, particle densi-
ty, and stack diameter. The particle size distribution
may be entered either as a histogram of particle diam-
eter and fraction-greater-than-stated diameter or as
log normal particle size distribution. The program cal-
culates and displays the in-stack opacity. The program
is written in the BASIC computer language and is spe-
cifically designed for the TRS-80 Model I, II, and IV
computers. A moderate effort will be required to con-
vert the programs to the IBM-PC and similar comput-
ers.
Keywords: 'Manuals, "Computer programs, 'Opacity,
'Chimneys, "Air pollution, "Monitors, Sources, Particle
size, Particle size distribution, Mass,
Concentration(Composition), Aerosols, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, "User manuals(Computer
programs), "TRS-80 models, BASIC programming lan-
guage.
PB86-130275/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Nonpolnt Source Pollution: information Quide.
Final rept. Jan 83-Aug 85,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
P. E. Shelley. Aug 85,245p*
The document contains information identifying eight
Federal agencies, and several sub-units within each of
them that are involved in environmental impacts of
nonpoint source pollution. Complete mail addresses
and telephone numbers are included for each organi-
zational unit, along with a brief description of the spe-
cific area of concern. This resource will be of value in
directing specific questions on nonpoint source pollu-
tion to the appropriate agency.
Keywords: "Water pollution, Handbooks, Reviews,
Maps, Directories, Hydrology, Runoff, Urban areas,
Agriculture, Forestry, Mining, Highways, "Nonpoint
sources, Best management practices.
PB86-130515/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Cost and Performance Evaluation of In-Plant Tri-
halomethane Control Techniques. Final rept. Sep
83-Sep 85,
University of Central Florida, Orlando. Dept. of Civil En-
gineering and Environmental Sciences.
J. S. Taylor, D. Thompson, B. R. Snyder, J. Less, and
L. Mulford. Nov 85,440p EPA/600/2-85/138
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Bench-, pilot-, or full-scale studies were conducted to
evaluate the cost and performance of selected treat-
ment technologies for reducing trihalomethane con-
centrations in drinking water. The four Florida plant
sites that were selected for study used highly organic
surface or ground raw water sources and served popu-
lations of less than 30,000. Low-pressure membrane
processes (ultrafiltration), polyvalent aluminum chlo-
ride (PACI) coagulation, dissolved air and froth flota-
tion, lime softening followed by alum coagulation, and
modifications to conventional fime softening and alum
coagulation were investigated. Short-term pilot-scale
testing of an ultrafiltration process showed great prom-
ise as a THM control technology; however, further
work on process pretreatment and disposal of reject
water is indicated.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, Potable water, Surface
water, Ground water, Cost analysis, Performance eval-
uation, Calcium oxides, Experimental design, Mem-
branes, Coagulation, Revisions, Pilot plants, Industrial
plants, 'Halomethanes, Ultrafiltration, Froth flotation,
Pretreatment(Water).
PB86-130564/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
American Petroleum Inst., Washington, DC.
Field and Laboratory Evaluation of Petroleum
Land Treatment System Closure,
Earth Systems Associates, Marietta, GA.
M. R. Overcash, W. L. Nutter, R. L. Kendall, and J. R.
Wallace. Nov 85,196p EPA/600/2-85/134
Grant EPA-R-808494
Prepared in cooperation with Law Environmental Serv-
ices, Marietta, GA. Sponsored by American Petroleum
Inst., Washington, DC., and Robert S. Kerr Environ-
mental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
The objectives of the research were to measure and
interpret the surface soil changes in relation to the
quality of runoff water from petroleum refinery land
treatment (LT) systems undergoing simulated closure.
Waste/soils from four LT sites were studied for chemi-
cal transformations in the greenhouse, and one of
these sites was also tested under field conditions for
runoff quality and waste stabilization. Within the scope
of the study, several conclusions were drawn based
upon the results: grass vegetation (as opposed to no
vegetation) will improve runoff water quality by control-
ling migration of eroded particulates contaminated with
organics and inorganics originating from the waste/
soil mixture.
Keywords: "Runoff, 'Crude oil, 'Refineries, "Soil prop-
erties, "Water pollution, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocar-
bons, Greenhouses, Metals, Organic compounds, Mix-
tures, Grasses, Field tests.
PB86-130648/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Colorado, Water Year
1984. Volume 1. Missouri River Basin, Arkansas
River Basin, and Rio Grande Basin. Water-data
rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 83-30 Sep 84,
Geological Survey, Lakewood, CO. Water Resources
Div.
A. C. Duncan, R. C. Ugland, J. L. Blattner, and R. D.
Steger. Jun 85,425p USGS/WRD/HD-85/243,
USGS/WDR/CO-84/1
See also PB85-123859 and PB86-130655.
Water-resources data for Colorado for the 1984 water
year consist of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage, contents and water quality of
lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water dis-
charge records for 352 gaging stations, stage and con-
tents of 23 lakes and reservoirs, 4 partial-record low-
flow stations, peak flow information for 32 crest-stage
partial record stations, and 1 miscellaneous site; water
quality for 126 gaging stations and 275 miscellaneous
sites; and water levels for 55 observation wells. Six
pertinent stations in bordering States also are included
in this report.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Surface waters, 'Colora-
do, Water quality, Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes,
Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Temperature,
Tables(Data), Missouri River, Arkansas River, Rio
Grande Basin, "Water quality data, "Hydrologic data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB86-1306SS/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Colorado, Water Yur
1984. Volume 2. Colorado River Basin above Dolo-
res River. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 83-30 Sep
84,
Geological Survey, Lakewood, CO. Water Resources
Div.
A. C. Duncan, R. C. Ugland, J. L. Blattner, and R. G.
Kretschman. Jun 85,251 p USGS/WRD/HD-85/244
USGS/WDR/CO-84/2
See also PB86-130648.
Water-resources data for Colorado for the 1984 water
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
quality of streams; stage, contents and water quality of
lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water qual-
ity of wells and springs. The report, contains discharge
records for 352 gaging stations, stage and contents of
23 lakes and reservoirs, 4 partial-record low-flow sta-
tions, peak flow information for 32 crest-stage partial
record stations, and 1 miscellaneous site; water quality
for 126 gaging stations and 275 miscellaneous sites;
and water levels for 55 observation wells.
Keywords: "Ground water, 'Surface waters, Water
quality, Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Streams, Res-
ervoirs, Water table, Temperature, Tables(Data),
'Water quality data, "Hydrologic data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB86-131026/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Fate of Selected Metals and Emissions from a
Sludge/Wastepaper Gaslfler,
California Univ., Davis.
N. W. Sorbo, G. Tchobanoglous, and J. D. Lucero. Nov
85,184p EPA/600/2-85/135
Grant EPA-R-809747
Prepared in cooperation with CH2M/Hill, Denver, CO.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
A study was conducted to quantify a pilot-scale sludge
and wastepaper gasification system for its gaseous,
particulate and metal emissions. The gasifier produced
up to 1800 MJ/hr using a fuel mixture of source-seper-
ated wastepaper and sludge. Emissions varied be-
tween 15.1 and 16.5 ppm for CO, 1.39 and 12.7 ppm
for hydrocarbons, 98.6 and 121 ppm for NOX, and 55.5
and 105 ppm for S02. Particulate concentrations
varied between 35.70 and 192.96 mg/dry standard
cubic meter corrected to 12 percent C02. Metals bal-
ance data indicated that Cd, Pb, and Zn increased in
concentration (compared to the fuel) in gaseous mate-
rial leaving the gasifier and that Cu, Cr, and Fe in-
creased in concentration (compared to the fuel) in the
char-ashes leaving the gasifier. The particulate emis-
sions in the burned gas from the gasifier were less
than the allowable limits for solid waste incineration.
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Incinerators, 'Solid waste dis-
posal, 'Sludge disposal, 'Paper, 'Particles, Nitrogen
oxides, Sulfur dioxide, Concentration(Composition),
Particles, Iron, Chromium, Copper, Zinc, Carbon diox-
ide, Pilot plants, Cadmium, Lead(Metal), Heavy metals.
PB86-131216/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Automatic Radio Tracking of Fish in Experimental
Channels,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Dept. of Ecology and
Behavioral Biology.
V. B. Kuechle, K. C. Zinnel. M. J. Ross, R. A. Reichle,
and D. B. Siniff. Nov 85,102p EPA/600/3-85/075
Grant EPA-R-805290
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth,
MN.
An automatic tracking system controlled by an RCA
1802 microprocessor was developed to locate fish in a
400 m outdoor experimental channel at the U.S. EPA
Monticello Ecological Research Station. The monitor-
ing network consisted of 12 horizontally polarized an-
tennas spaced at 30 m intervals. The antennas were
sequentially switched into a receiver, and the signal
strength at each antenna was measured with the mi-
croprocessor controlling all timing, switching and
measurement functions. Each fish tracked by the
system was tagged with an implanted radio transmitter
which had a unique frequency in the 53 MHz band. A
particular fish was tracked by entering a particular
radio frequency into the memory of the receiver.
During May 1979, a comprehensive tracking system
performance test generated 36,000 locations on 11
walleyes, 4 open noise channels and 2 primary refer-
ence transmitters. Results indicated that the tracking
system located radio-transmitters to the nearest an-
tenna with a reliability of 98.7%.
Keywords: "Radio tracking, "Fishes, Automation, Mon-
itoring, Water pollution, Radio receivers, Radio trans-
mitters, Reliability, Microcomputers.
PB86-131224/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Alternative Sewer Studies. Final rept. Dec 80-Jun
83.
Urban Systems Research and Engineering, Inc., Cam-
bridge. MA.
Nov 85,47p EPA/600/2-85/133
Contract EPA-68-03-3057
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
An evaluation of design and operational aspects for
two popular alternative sewering techniques, i.e., pres-
sure and small-diameter gravity sewers, was per-
formed. The results provided insights useful to design-
ers of these systems with regard to sulfide concentra-
tions in these sewers and hydraulic designs for down-
hill runs.
Keywords: "Sewers, "Performance evaluation,
Design, Pressure, Gravity, Hydraulics, Sulfides,
Concentration(Composition), Operations, Slopes.
PB86-131323	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Economics of Biological Assessment. Journal arti-
cle,
Boyce Thompson Inst, for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY.
J. S. Jacobson. c1982, 3p EPA/600/J-82/450
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Pub. in Jnl. of Air Pollution Control Association, v32 n2
p145-146 Feb 82.
The objective of the session was to describe proce-
dures used in the estimation of economic cost of air
pollution to agriculture in the U.S. and to present some
examples of those estimates. In recent years, there
has been great interest in the development of mone-
tary estimates of losses due to air pollution, yet these
estimates have varied greatly. Monetary estimates re-
quire evaluation of air quality using measures that are
relevant to effects on crop yields. The papers present-
ed advance our understanding of the process by which
monetary estimates are derived. They demonstrate
that greatly improved estimates of the economic
impact of air pollution on agriculture are needed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Agricultural economics,
Cost estimates, Losses, Farm crops, Dosage, Market
value, Prices, Exposure, Sulfur dioxide, Economic
impact, Reprints.
PB86-131331	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.. OR.
Effect of Simulated Acid Precipitation on Nitrogen
Mineralization and Nitrification In Forest Soils.
Journal article,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. Dept. of Agronomy.
N.J. Novick, T. M. Klein, and M. Alexander. c1984,15p
EPA/600/J-84/347
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Pub. in Water, Air and Soil Pollution 23, p317-330
1984.
After exposure of samples of three forest soils(pH 3.4
and 3.9) from the Adirondacks region of New York to
60,230, or 400 cm of simulated rain of pH 3.5 or 5.6 in
4,14 or 24 weeks, respectively, the soil samples were
seperated into the 0 to 2 and 2 to 5 cm organic layers
and further incubated. The rates of N mineralization in
Woods soil exposed to the simulated precipitation
were less for rain at pH 3.5 than at pH 5.6, but the inhi-
bition decreased with increasing exposure of the 0 to 2
cm layer. In Panther soil, the rates of mineralization
were usually not affected by the acidity of the simulat-
ed rain. In the upper layers of Sagamore soil, mineral-
ization was not influenced by pH of the simulated rain,
but the transformation was faster in the bottom layer of
soil after prolonged exposure to simulated rain at pH
3.5 than at pH 5.6. (Copyright (c) 1984 by D. Reidel
Publishing Company.)
Keywords: 'Nitrification, 'Acid rain, "Forestry, "Air pol-
lution, Soil properties, Exposure, pH, Inorganic ni-
trates, Ammonium compounds, Grasses, Reprints.
PB66-131349/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Emissions from a Light-Duty Diesel: Ambient
Temperature and Fuel Effects,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
P. Gabele, W. Karches, W. Ray, and N. Perry. Oct 85
32p EPA/600/D-85/272
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Exhaust emissions from a diesel passenger car were
characterized and measured to examine the effect of
ambient temperature on emissions performance. The
vehicle was tested at three temperatures on a chassis
dynamometer located within a cold cell. Three driving
cycles and three fuels of varying quality were used.
The effort included measurements of regulated ex-
haust gases and particles, particulate organic fractions
and their molecular-weight distributions, particulate
fractions under 2 microns in diameter, trace metal con-
tents, and fuel economy. Results indicate that reduc-
tions in ambient temperature had little effect on emis-
sions or fuel economy in the study. In some cases, sta-
tistically significant increases in NOx emissions were
measured with decreases in ambient test temperature.
Other differences related to temperature effects oc-
curred more frequently with the lower quality fuels.
Keywords: "Temperature, "Exhaust emissions, "Motor
vehicles, "Fuels, "Air pollution, Nitrogen oxides, Parti-
cles, Trace elements, Metals, Fuel consumption, Mc'
lecular weight, "Light duty vehicles, "Diesel engine ex-
haust.
PB86-131356	Not available NTIS
Drinking Water Supply Management: An Interac-
tive Approach. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
J. A. Goodrich, and R. M. Clark. C1985,19p EPA/600/
J-85/227
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Systems 15, n1 pl-18
1985.
In February 1977, a massive discharge of carbon tetra-
chloride into the Kanawha River in West Virginia
threatened much of the Ohio River Valley with con-
taminated drinking water potentially affecting over one
million consumers. The episode heightened the
awareness of consumers and decision-makers alike to
the relationship between wastewater discharges and
drinking water consumption. In the paper the results of
a study designed to examine the interactions between
industrial discharges and drinking water consumption
in surface water supplies is examined. The mechanism
used to study the wastewater discharge water supply
intake interaction was a water quality/quantity simula-
tion model, QUAL-II. QUAL-II was used to provide a
framework to bring the diverse elements of mathemati-
cal modeling, fluid dynamics, epidemiology, organic
chemistry and geography to create an interactive sys-
tems analysis approach that can have an impact on
public policy in drinking water. (Copyright (c) 1985,
Baywood Publishing Co., Inc.)
Keywords: "Potable water, "Carbon tetrachloride,
"Water pollution, "Kanawha River, Waste disposal, In-
dustrial wastes, Surface waters, Mathematical models,
Toxicity, Carcinogens, Organic compounds, Dyes,
Resins, Inventories, Concentration(Composition),
West Virginia, Reprints, Drinking water, Qual 2 model.
PB86-131364	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Bench Testing of On-Line Residual Chlorine Ana-
lyzers. Journaf article,
Canviro Consultants Ltd., Kitchener (Ontario).
S. G. Nutt, E. L. Jeffers, D. T. Vachon, and W. W.
Schuk. C1985,8p EPA/600/J-85/228
Prepared in cooperation with Boeing Services Interna-
tional, Inc., Houston, TX., and Environmental Protec-
tion Service, Burlington (Ontario). Waste Water Tech-
nology Centre. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Pollution Control Federation, v57
n9 p948-954 Sep 85.
Total residual chlorine (TRC) analyzers were selected
as the first category of instrumentation to be evaluated
by the recently incorporated Instrumentation Testing
Service, Inc. Four commercial analyzers, representa-
tive of the major technologies available to measure
TRC, were tested according to a rigid test protocol de-
signed specifically to evaluate analyzer performance
under controlled conditions. Significant differences in
the performance of the four analyzers were identified-
differences pertinent to the procurement of a specific
instrument for a particular application. Bench-scale
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tests are a useful screening device before field testing
and can lead to improved instrument design and per-
formance.
Keywords: "Chlorine, "Analyzers, Chemical analysis,
Sewage treatment, Performance evaluation, Design,
Selection, Field tests, Improvement, Reliability, Test
methods, Reprints, Bench tests.
PB86-131372	Not available NTIS
Reliable Ozone Disinfection Using Off-Gas Con-
trol. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
A. D. Venosa, L. A. Rossman, and H. L. Sparks. C1985,
7p EPA/600/J-85/229
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation
57, n9 p929-934 Sep 85.
The electrical energy used in manufacturing ozone
constitutes a major part of the operating cost of disin-
fection. The paper presents a control strategy that
combines use of off-gas measurement and contact
time to achieve reliable disinfection throughout the day
with minimum energy use regardless of demand and
flow fluctuations. (Copyright (c) as part of the Septem-
ber 1985, Journal Water Pollution Control Federation.)
Keywords: "Ozone, "Cost effectiveness, "Disinfection,
"Sewage treatment. Operating costs. Electricity,
Energy consumption, Energy demand, Monitoring,
Pilot plants, Production, Dosage, Automatic control,
Fluid flow, Reprints.
PB88-131430/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Stationary Source Compliance Div.
Project Summary Utility FGD (Flue Gas Desulfuri-
zation) Survey October 1983 - September 1984.
Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
M. T. Melia, R. S. McKibben, and B. W. Pelsor. Oct 84,
33p EPA/340/1-85/014
Contract EPA-68-02-3963
See also PB83-146209. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Stationary
Source Compliance Div.
The report, which is generated by a computerized data
base system, represents a survey of operational and
planned domestic utility flue gas desulfurization (FGD)
systems. It summarizes information contributed by the
utility industry, system and equipment suppliers,
system designers, research organizations, and regula-
tory agencies. The data cover system design, fuel
characteristics, history of utility FGD operating status
nationwide, and capital and annual costs for operating
FGD systems. The development status (operational,
under construction, or in the planning stages), system
supplier, and process are tabulated alphabetically by
utility company. Also included are highlights of FGD
system developments during the period of October
1983 through September 1984. Current data for do-
mestic FGD systems show 124 systems in operation,
25 systems under construction, and 68 systems
planned. The current FGD-controlled capacity in the
United States is 47,255 MW.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Information sys-
tems, "Electric power plants, Surveys, Flue gases,
Combustion products, Industrial wastes, TablesfData),
Cost analysis, Operating costs, Capitalized costs. Cost
analysis, "Flue gas desulfurization system.
PB86-131778	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Modeling the Effects of Acid Deposition: Assess-
ment of a Lumped Parameter Model of Soil Water
and Streamwater Chemistry. Journal article,
Virginia Univ., Charlottesville. Dept. of Environmental
Sciences.
B. J. Cosby, G. M. Hornberger, and J. N. Galloway.
C1985,15p EPA/600/J-85/231
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Pub. in Water Resources Research, v21 n1 p51-63
Jan 85.
Quantitative predictions of the effects of acid deposi-
tion on terrestrial and aquatic systems require phys-
ically based, process-orientated models of catchment
soil water and streamwater chemistry. A desirable
characteristic of such models is that they include terms
494 Vol. 90, No. 24
to describe the important phenomena controlling a
system's chemical response to acidic deposition, yet
be restricted in complexity so that they can be imple-
mented on diverse systems with a minimum of a prior
data. Presented is an assessment of a conceptual
model of soil water and streamwater chemistry based
on soil cation exchange, dissolution on aluminum hy-
droxide, and solution of carbon dioxide, all processes
that occur in catchment soils and that have rapid equil-
ibration times. The model is constructed using an 'av-
erage' or lumped representation of these spatially dis-
tributed catchment processes.
Keywords: "Acid rain, "Soil water, "Stream pollution,
Mathematical models, Deposition, Catch basins,
Cation exchanging, Dissolution, Aluminum hydroxides,
Carbon dioxide, Soil properties, Spatial distribution,
Reprints.
PB86-131786	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Chlorine and Ammonia from
Wastewater Treatment Facilities on Biotic integri-
ty. Journal article,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Ecology,
Ethology and Evolution.
J. R. Karr, R. C. Heidinger, and E. H. Helmer. C1985,5p
EPA/600/J-85/230
Grant EPA-R-810745
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation
57, n9 p912-915 Sep 85.
The purpose of the study was to determine if IBI is sen-
sitive enough to track changes in the biota of streams
that are subjected to various concentrations of chlo-
rine and ammonia. In addition, the use of IBI to provide
an objective and quantitative methodology to evaluate
the effects of ammonia and chlorine on receiving
streams was investigated.
Keywords: "Ammonia, "Chlorine, "Aquatic animals,
"Water pollution, Sewage treatment, Fishes, Upgrad-
ing, Chlorination, Concentration(Composition), Sensi-
tivity, Illinois, Reprints, Organic loading, Index of bio-
logic integrity.
PB86-131810	Not available NTIS
Risk Assessments/Risk Management for Environ-
mental Uses of Biological Agents,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
E. L. Anderson, R. E. Albert, and D. Kamely. C1985,
13p EPA/600/D-85/285
Prepared in cooperation with New York Univ. Medical
Center, NY.
Pub. in Banbury Report 22: Genetically Altered Viruses
and the Environment, p27-381985.
Through recent advances in molecular biology, espe-
cially biotechnology, regulatory agencies are faced
with evaluating a range of biological agents for poten-
tial risks they pose to human health and the environ-
ment. Although biological risks are of relatively recent
concern, this has not been the case for chemicals.
Over the past several years, the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency (EPA) has developed methodologies for
assessing health risks associated with chemical pollut-
ants, especially chemical carcinogens. In anticipation
of regulating biological agents, including genetically
engineered microorganisms, the Agency must stimu-
late the generation of a solid scientific basis in order to
adapt its present, chemically based risk assessment
approaches to biological agents. Assessing biological
risk poses unique problems owing to the diversity (hor-
mones, enzymes, bacteria, fungi, viruses, plasmids)
and the ability of live molecules to replicate, transform,
transduce, and infect.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Risk, Reprints, "Risk assess-
ments, "Biological agents, "Environmental health.
PB86-131869	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Ultraviolet-B Radiation on Plants during
Mild Water Stress. IV. The Insensitivlty of Soy-
bean Internal Water Relations to Ultraviolet-B Ra-
diation. Journal article,
Maryland Univ., College Park. Dept. of Botany.
A. H. Teramura, I. N. Forseth, and J. Lydon. C1984,7p
EPA/600/J-84/345
Grant EPA-R-808035
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Pub. in Physiologia Plantarum 62, p384-389 1984.
The combined effects of ultraviolet-B radiation and
water stress were investigated on the water relations
of greenhouse grown soybean. Since environmental
conditions in growth chambers are usua lly unlike
those found in the field, the authors are not yet able to
reliably assess the impact of UV-B radiation enhance-
ment under natural conditions. The purpose of this
study was to further examine the interactions between
UV-B radiation and water stress by studying their com-
bined effects on stomatal co nductance, leaf water po-
tential and internal water relations parameters. Eluci-
dation of the relationship between tissue water content
and tissue water potential, along with component os-
motic and turgor potentials, is required to understand
how plants respond to water stress.
Keywords: "Stress(Physiology), "Plants(Botany), "Ra-
diation effects, Ultraviolet radiation, Water, Soybean
plants, Reprints.
PB86-131950/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Development of a Sampler for Particulate-Associ-
ated and Low Volatility Organic Pollutants in Resi-
dential Air,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
J. E. Howes, T. L. Merriman, C. A. Ortiz, A. R.
McFarland, and M. R. Kuhlman. Nov 85,47p EPA/
600/4-85/079
Contract EPA-68-02-3487
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The report describes the development of a sampler for
particulate-associated and low volatility organic pollut-
ants in residential air. The performance of the sampler
inlet, which is compatible with the proposed PM-10
regulations for particulate sampling, is documented
under a variety of conditions of interest. The details of
construction of the sampler and the resulting acoustic
performance of the unit are described. While the unit
described in the report is capable of performing the
task for which it has been designed, several design en-
hancements are recommended which would result in
an improved residential air sampler.
Keywords: "Samplers, "Particles, "Residential build-
ings, "Air pollution, Performance evaluation, Design
criteria, Concentration(Composition), "Volatility organ-
ic compounds, "Air pollution sampling, "Air quality.
PB86-131968	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Spatial and Temporal Trends in the Chemistry of
Atmospheric Deposition in New England. Journal
article,
Maine Univ. at Orono. Dept. of Geological Sciences.
D. W. Hanson, and S. A. Norton. c1985,13p EPA/
600/D-85/291
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Pub. in International Symposium on Hydrometeoro-
logy, American Water Resources Association, p25-33,
Jun 82.
The authors have evaluated atmospheric deposition
related geochemical changes in New England and
Quebec by means of (1) transect studies of soil chem-
istry parallel to pH and metal deposition gradients: and
(2) chemical analysis of lake sediments with the follow-
ing results: (a) Mn, Ca, Mg, K, Zn, Fe, and Pb concen-
trations and pH in organic litter of high altitude spruce-
fir forests relate to the present pH gradients for precipi-
tation and inferred gradients of heavy metal loading;
atmospheric deposition of heavy metals (including Pb,
Zn, and Cu) began increasing in the 19th century in
New England and may be leveling out in the last 5-10
years. Results imply that increasing atmospheric depo-
sition of acids and metals has strongly influenced
forest soils, sediment, and surface water chemistry.
Keywords: "Acidity, "Chemical analysis, "Air pollution
"Water pollution, Lakes, Metals, Soil chemistry, Sedi-
ments, Forest land, pH, Concentration(Composition)
Deposition, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Acidifica-
tion, Surface waters, Reprints, New England, Heavy
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-131976	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Effects of Atrazine on Periphyton Communities In
Controlled Laboratory Ecosystems. Journal article.
Technology Applications, Inc., Athens, GA.
J. A. Hamala, and H. P. Kollig. c1985,20p EPA/600/J-
85/235
Contract EPA-68-03-2926
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Athens,
GA.
Pub. in Chemosphere, v14 n9 p1391 -1408 1985.
An aquatic microcosm study was designed to evaluate
the direct and indirect effects of a 14 day, 100 micro-
grams atrazine/L exposure on periphyton community
functional and structural parameters and to determine
the recovery rates of these parameters after removing
the atrazine input. Direct and indirect effects were evi-
denced by an immediate and continual decrease in net
productivity and by significantly reduced algal densi-
ties, decreased diversity, altered species composition,
and reduced biomass accumulation. There were sub-
stantial differences in community recovery rates with
net productivity returning to control value within 16
days while little recovery in community structural pa-
rameters occurred within the 21-day time period exam-
ined. (Copyright (c) 1985 Pergamon Press Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Herbicides, 'Water pollution, 'Agricultural
products, 'Algae, Farm crops, Ecosystems, Experi-
mental design, Nutrients, Nitrogen organic com-
pounds, Reprints, 'Path of pollutants, "Water pollution
effects(Plants), 'Aatrex, Microcosms, Triazine/chloro-
ethylamino-isopropylamino.
PB86-131984	Not available NTIS
Multiphasic Kinetics for Transformation of Methyl
Parathion by 'Fiavobacterium' Species. Journal ar-
ticle,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
D. L. Lewis, R. E. Hodson, and L. F. Freeman. c1985,
6p EPA/600/J-85/234
Prepared in cooperation with Georgia Univ., Athens.
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v50
n3 p553-557 Sep 85.
Transformation rates of an insecticide, methyl parath-
ion, in pure cultures of Fiavobacterium sp. followed
multiphasic kinetics involving at least two systems (I
and II). System I was a high-affinity, low-capacity
system, and System II was a low-affinity, high capacity
system. Data from rate experiments suggested that
metabolites formed via system II inhibited system I
such that only one system operated at a time. System I
operated at approximately 20 micrograms per liter and
less; system II operated at approximately 4 mg per liter
and less. These results show that xenobiotic chemi-
cals, like naturally occurring substrates, can be trans-
formed via multiple uptake and transformation sys-
tems even by a pure culture. Furthermore, computer
simulation models of pollutant transformation rates
based on kinetic constants determined in this study
show that large errors can occur in predicted rates
when the multiphasicity of kinetics is neglected.
Keywords: 'Fiavobacterium, 'Insecticides, Bacteria,
Reprints, "Methyl parathion.
PB86-131992	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Ozone on Yield of Two Field-Grown
Barley Cultivars. Journal article.
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
P. J. Temple, O. C. Taylor, and L. F. Benoit. C1985,10p
EPA/600/ J-85/233
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Pub. in Environmental Pollution, Series A: Ecological
and Biological 39, p217-225 Sep 85.
Barley Hordeum vulgare L. is grown in some regions of
the USA with potentially phytotoxic concentrations of
ozone(03), yet relatively little is known of the growth
and yield responses of the crop species to 03. A two-
year study was conducted in the Central Valley of Cali-
fornia to determine yield responses of two cultivars of
spring barley grown in open-top chambers to a gradi-
ent oi 03 concentrations. Ozone concentrations were
maintained in chambers in proportion to ambient con-
centrations. Results indicated that neither Poco, grown
in 1982, nor CM-72, used in 1983, was injured or re-
duced in growth by the relatively low ambient 03 con-
centrations. (Copyright (c) Elsevier Applied Science
Publishers Ltd. England, 1985.)
Keywords: "Ozone, 'Air pollution, "Barley, Yield,
Growth, Concentration(Composition), Toxicity, Re-
sponse, Injuries, Tolerance(Physiology), Reprints,
"Hordeum vulgare.
PB86-132008	Not available NTIS
Automation of Experiments with a Hand-Held Pro-
grammable Calculator. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
S. L. Harper, D. T. Tingey, and W. E. Hogsett. C1985,
8p EPA/600/J-85/232
Prepared in cooperation with Hewlett-Packard Co.,
Palo Alto, CA.
Pub. in American Laboratory 17, n9 p134-142 Sep
1985.
Technological developments have dramatically re-
duced the cost of data collection, experimental control
and computation. Products are now available which
allow automation of experiments both in the laboratory
and in the field at substantially lower cost and with less
technical expertise required than ever before. One of
the developments which has helped to make this pos-
sible is a system for connecting calculators, computer,
and instruments called HP-IL(Hewlett-Packard Com-
pany). The article provides background information for
automation of experiments with these kinds products,
highlighting the advantages and problems of the new
equipment. An overview of HP-IL and products using
HP-IL is given, and specific examples implemented
using the HP-41 handheld programmable calculator
are discussed.
Keywords: "Calculators, "Experimentation, 'Automa-
tion, "Laboratory equipment, 'Measuring instruments,
Data acquisition, Computers, Reprints, HP-IL system,
Programming, Hewlett-Packard Company.
PB86-132016	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Short-Term Changes in the Base Neutralizing Ca-
pacity of an Acid Adirondack Lake, New York.
Journal article,
Syracuse Univ., NY. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
C. T. Driscoll, and G. C. Schafran. c1984,5p EPA/
600/J-84/350
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Pub. in Nature, v310 n5975 p308-310 Jul 84.
Concern and controversy over the effects of acidic
deposition on low ionic strength surface wa ters has
led to much discussion on the nature and extent of
proton transformations within acid sensitive ecosys-
tems. The source of base neutralizing capacity(BNC)
within acid surface waters has been attributed to at-
mospheric deposition of H2S04 (or S02) or HN03, as
well as production of soluble organic acids from soils.
Unfortunately many of these studies have failed ade-
quately to characterize aluminum, which is often a very
significant component of BNC in acidic waters. The au-
thors have evaluated the nature of short-term changes
in the BNC of an acidic Clearwater lake. The authors'
results suggest that much of the variation in hydrogen
ion and aluminum BNC can be attributed to changes in
nitrate concentration, rather than to variations in sul-
phate, chloride, or organic anion concentrations.
Keywords: 'Acidity, 'Neutralizing, 'Adirondack Lake,
'Water pollution, Surface waters. Sulfuric acid, Sulfur
dioxide, Nitric acid, Aluminum, Inorganic nitrates,
Concentration(Composition), Protons, New York, Re-
prints.
PB86-132024	Not available NTIS
Growth Response in Spinach to Sequential and
Simultaneous Exposure to N02 and §02. Journal
article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
W. E. Hogsett, M. L. Gumpertz, S. R. Holman, and D. T.
Tingey. C1984,6p EPA/600/J-84/346
Pub. in Jnl. of the American Society of Horticultural
Science 109, n2 p252-256 Feb 84.
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) was exposed intermittent-
ly to N02 and S02 (2 hours/week; 0.8 or 1.5ppm) in a
simultaneous or sequential fashion over the 42-day
growth period. Nighttime simultaneous exposure to
N02 and S02 reduced growth and altered assimilate
partitioning to the root. The relative growth rate of total
plant and root was reduced significantly below controls
early in the growth period. In contrast, neither daytime
exposure to the pollutant mixture nor sequential expo-
sure to the 2 pollutants affected growth.
Keywords: 'Spinach, "Nitrogen oxides, 'Sulfur diox-
ide, "Air pollution, Exposure, Growth, Diurnal vari-
ations, Mixtures, Vegetation, Injuries, Greenhouses,
Reprints, "Spinacia oleracea.
PB86-132040	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Simultaneous Inhibition of Carbon and Nitrogen
Mineralization in a Forest Soil by Simulated Acid
Precipitation. Journal article,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. Dept. of Agronomy.
T. M. Klein, N. J. Novick, J. P. Kreitinger, and M.
Alexander. C1984,8p EPA/600/J-84/349
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 32, p698-703 Jun 1984.
Acid Precipitation may alter the rates of microbial proc-
esses in soil that are important for forest productivity.
Acidification of soil can result in a depression of
carbon mineralization. The present study was de-
signed to determine whether the inhibition of carbon
mineralization and the accompanying enhanced nitro-
gen mineralization would occur when soils are treated
with more dilute acid for long periods of time, as takes
place in nature. (Copyright (c) 1984 Springer-Verlag
New York Inc.)
Keywords: 'Acid rain, "Soil microorganisms, 'Forest-
ry, Acidification, Carbon, Nitrogen, Carbon dioxide, Or-
ganic compounds, Inhibitors, Reprints.
PB86-1320S7	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Rainfall Simulator for Laboratory Use In Acidic
Precipitation Studies. Journal article,
Virginia Polytechnic Inst, and State Univ., Blacksburg.
B. I. Chevone, Y. S. Yang, W. E. Winner, I. Storks-
Cotter, and S. J. Long. C1984, 6p EPA/600/J-84/348
Prepared in cooperation with Pennsylvania State
Univ., University Park. Sponsored by Corvallis Environ-
mental Research Lab., OR.
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v34
n4 p355-359 Apr 84.
A rainfall simulator, developed on the principle of drop-
let formation from needle tips, is described. The simu-
lator is designed for laboratory experimentation to ex-
amine the effects of acidic precipitation on terrestrial
plants. The system offers sufficient flexibility to simu-
late a range of rainfall characteristics by varying
needle diameter, changing pump speed and/or alter-
ing the number of radial arms on each unit.
Keywords: 'Laboratory equipment, "Rainfall, "Air pol-
lution, Performance evaluation, Drops(Liquids), Design
criteria, Plants(Botany), Reprints, "Acid rain, "Air pollu-
tion effects(Plants).
PB86-132149	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effect of Added Water and Acidity of Simulated
Rain on Growth of Field-Grown Radish. Journal ar-
ticle,
Boyce Thompson Inst, for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY.
J. Troiano, L, Heller, and J. S. Jacobson. C1982,12p
EPA/600/J-82/452
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Pub. in Environmental Pollution, Series A: Ecological
and Biological 29, p1 -11 Sep 82.
Radish plants were grown in field plots and exposed to
simulated rain at four levels of acidity: pH 5.6, pH 4.2,
pH 3.5 and pH 2.8. Simulated rain solutions, containing
background ions and acidified with a mixture of sulphu-
ric and nitric acids, were applied intermittently between
ambient rain events for 1 -h periods. In order to test for
the effect of the extra supply of water, the growth of
plants that received only ambient rain was compared
with that of those that received ambient rain & applica-
tions of simulated rain at pH 5.6. Applications of simu-
lated rain at pH 5.6 did not affect the total accumula-
tion of biomass but they did affect the distribution of
dry matter among plant organs by increasing mass in
the shoot and decreasing mass in the root.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Radishes, *Acid rain, "Root crops, "Air
pollution, "Water pollution, Growth, Simulation, Sulfu-
ric acid. Nitric acid, pH, Exposure, Biomass, Reprints,
Acid precipitation, Roots.
PB86-132156/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Methods for Assessing Exposure to Chemical
Substances. Volume 5. Methods for Assessing Ex-
posure to Chemical Substances in Drinking Water.
Final rept.,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
D. A. Dixon, S. H. Nacht, G. H. Dixon, P. Jennings, and
T. A. Faha. Aug 85,163p EPA/560/5-85/005
Contract EPA-68-01-6271
See also PB86-107042. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic
Substances.
The report, one of a series of reports concerning expo-
sure assessment, describes methods for estimating
exposure to chemical substances via drinking water.
The report is organized to reflect the framework or flow
of required information. Section 2 provides an over-
view of drinking water systems and the pathways of
exposure to chemical substances in drinking water,
from the source of the substance through the treat-
ment and distribution systems to the consuming popu-
lation. Section 3 catalogues and discusses the various
data bases and information sources that aid in the
identification of contaminated drinking water supplies.
Section 4 presents and discusses methods and simu-
lation models that can be used to estimate the concen-
tration of chemical substances in both surface and
ground water. Section 5 discusses drinking water treat-
ment systems and processes, the effect the systems
and processes have on different types of chemical
substances, and how the information can be used to
predict the concentration of a chemical substance in
finished drinking water. Section 6 briefly discusses the
enumeration and characterization of exposed popula-
tions; detailed information on the subject is provided in
Volume 4 of the series. Finally, Section 7 discusses the
procedures for calculating exposure as a result of con-
tact with contaminated drinking water.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Environmental sur-
veys, "Toxicology, "Public health, "Industrial hygiene,
"Potable water, "Chemical compounds, Exposure,
Risk, Assessments, Sources, Industrial wastes, Ecolo-
fy. Air pollution, Water pollution, Ecology, Humans,
xhaust emissions, Materials tests, Plants(Botany),
Animals, Microorganisms, "Health risks, "Toxic sub-
stances, "Environmental health, "Occupational safety
and health, Path of pollutants. Land pollution.
PB86-132784/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Water Resources Data for New York, Water Year
1984. Volume 1. Eastern New York Excluding
Long Island. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 83-30
Sep 84,
Geological Survey, Albany, NY. Water Resources Div.
G. D. Firda, R. Lumia, R. J. Archer, and P. M. Burke.
Jun 85,261 p USGS/WRD/HD-85/253, USGS/WDR/
NY-84/1
See also PB85-127975.
Water resources for the 1984 water year for New York
consist of records of stage, discharge, and water qual-
ity of streams; stage, discharge, and water quality of
lakes and reservoirs; quality of precipitation, and water
levels and quality of water in wells. This volume con-
tains records of water discharge at 96 gaging stations;
stage only at 5 gaging stations; and stage and con-
tents at 4 gaging stations and 19 lakes and reservoirs;
water quality at 34 gaging stations and 3 precipitation
stations, and water levels at 24 observation wells.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Surface waters, "New
York, Water quality, Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes,
Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Temperature,
Tables(Data), "Water quality data, "Hydrologic data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels, Eastern Region(New
York).
PB86-133055	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Trace Metals in Atmospheric Deposition: A
Review and Assessment. Journal article,
Virginia Univ., Charlottesville. Dept. of Environmental
Sciences.
496 Vol. 90, No. 24
J. N. Galloway, J. D. Thornton, S. A. Norton, H. L.
Volchok, and R. A. N. McLean. C1982, 25p EPA/600/
J-82/451
Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Pollution Con-
trol Agency, Roseville, Maine Univ. at Orono. Dept. of
Geological Sciences, and Department of Energy, New
York Environmental Measurements Lab. Sponsored
by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v16 n7 p1677-1700
1982.
Information on nineteen metals in atmospheric deposi-
tion potentially toxic to humans and other organisms
was evaluated to conclude if metal concentrations are
increasing in atmospheric deposition and if these con-
centrations threaten human or organism health. On
the basis of rates of emission, atmospheric concentra-
tions, and known temporal trends, in deposition, Ag,
Cd, Cu, Pb, Sb, Se, and Zn can be expected to show
the greatest increases due to human activity with little
or no increases expected for Co, Mn, Ni, and Tl. The
limited data available supported these expectations. In
some cases, dry fallout was found to be significant rel-
ative to wet deposition. Of the metals studied only As,
Hg, Se and possible Cd are in the vapor phase in the
atmosphere. Relative to the impact of these increased
concentrations, Hg and Pb are now being deposited in
some areas at levels toxic to humans and Cd, Cu, Hg,
Pb, and Zn at levels toxic to other organisms. (Copy-
right (c) 1982 Pergamon Press Ltd.)
Keywords: "Trace elements, "Metals, "Air pollution,
Reviews, Assessments, Concentration(Composition),
Water pollution, Air water interfaces, Sediments,
Trends, Urban areas, Rural areas, Tables(Data), Re-
prints, "Wet deposition, "Dry deposition, "Toxic sub-
stances, Natural emissions, Heavy metals.
PB86-133071/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Development of Industrial User Permits under the
Pretreatment Program (Draft).
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver, CO.
Region VIII.
Aug 85, 77p EPA/906/3-85/001
The document is designed to provide guidance to Pub-
licly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs) implementing
the Clean Water Act's Industrial Pretreatment Pro-
gram. An overview of a permit program as an effective
regulatory control mechanism is discussed in the initial
chapters. Subsequent chapters provide step-by-step
procedures for developing permit conditions for POTW
industrial users.
Keywords: "Industrial waste treatment, Licenses,
Waste water, Requirements, Ordinances, Monitoring,
Hazardous materials, Sewers, Standards, "Pre-
Treatment(Water), Best management practices,
Discharge (Water).
PB86-133097/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
International Conference on Groundwater Quality
Research (2nd) Held at at Tulsa, Oklahoma on
March 26-29,1984: Proceedings,
National Center for Ground Water Research, Stillwa-
ter, OK.
N. N. Durham, and A. E. Redelfs. Nov 85,225p EPA/
600/9-85/032
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
Contents:
Biological transformation processes;
Sorption processes;
Non-biological transformation processes;
Transport processes;
Investigative methodology for process research.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Water pollution, "Meet-
ings, Microbiology, Trace elements, Organic com-
pounds, Ground water recharge, Hazardous materials,
Adsorption. Reaction kinetics, Geochemistry, Earth
fills, Toxicity, Viruses, Mathematical models, Saltwater
intrusion, Path of pollutants.
PB86-133840/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Wide Beach Development Site, Brant Township,
New York, September 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 85,98p EPA/ROD/R02-85/018
The Wide Beach Development site is a small lake-side
community located in the Town of Brant, in southern
Erie County, New York. Between 1968 and 1978 ap-
proximately 155 cubic meters of waste oil, some of
which was contaminated with Polychlorinated Biphen-
yls (PCBs), was applied to the local roadways for dust
control by the Wide Beach Homeowners Association.
The source of the waste oil is being investigated, how-
ever, drums labeled as dielectric coolant were found
onsite. In 1980, the installation of a sanitary sewer line
in the development resulted in the excavation of highly
contaminated soil from the roadways and their vicinity.
Because it was not known at that time that a PCB prob-
lem existed, excavated soil was used as fill in several
yards and in a community recreation area. Subsequent
sampling revealed the presence of PCBs in the air,
roadway dust, soil, vacuum cleaner dust, and water
samples from private wells. The selected remedial
action for this site is included.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "Wide
Beach Development site, Sites, Licenses, Public
health, Water pollution, New York, Solid waste dispos-
al, Substitutes, Cost analysis, Ground water, Soil anal-
ysis, Wetlands, "Solid waste management, "Super-
fund program, "Land reclamation, "Municipal wastes,
"Environmental research, "Remedial actions, Liquid
waste disposal, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Wide
Beach(New York).
PB86-1338S7/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9):
Del Norte County Pesticide Storage Area, Cres-
cent City, California, September 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 85, 56p EPA/ROD/R09-85/010
The Del Norte County Pesticide Storage Area Site, lo-
cated approximately one mile northwest of Crescent
City, CA consists of less than one acre of land con-
taminated with a variety of herbicides, pesticides, and
volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds. Interim
and emergency storage activities that occurred during
the site operations from 1970 to 1981 have resulted in
the contamination of soil and ground water onsite.
Available documentation about the actual day-to-day
site operations is inadequate. However, site investiga-
tions revealed that a sump, approximately 15 feet by
20 feet, is the primary area of soil contamination, with
organic compounds detected to a depth of approxi-
mately 15 feet below grade. It is suspected that wastes
and/or rinse water were disposed of in the sump. Pri-
mary contaminants detected in both soil and ground
water are 2,4-D and 1,2 dichloropropane. The selected
remedial action for the site Is included.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "Del Norte
County Pesticide Storage Site, Sites, Licenses, Public
health, Water pollution, Chromium, Solid waste dispos-
al. Substitutes, Cost analysis. Ground water, Soil anal-
ysis, Pesticides, "Solid waste management, "Super-
fund program, *Land reclamation, "Municipal wastes,
"Environmental research, "Remedial actions, Liquid
waste disposal, Volatile organic compounds, Del Norte
County(California).
PB86-133865/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9)s
Celtor Chemical Works Site, Hoopa, California
(Second Remedial Action), September 1988. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
30 Sep 85,60p EPA/ROD/R09-85/009
See also PB85-214096.
The Celtor Chemical Works site consists of approxi-
mately 2.5 acres, and is located in the northern end of
the Hoopa Valley in Humboldt County, CA. Mine tail-
ings generated from the milling operations were left
onsite. These tailings, along witn nonspecific releasee
of processed ore, are believed to be the cause of the
acidic surface water runoff and elevated metals con-
centrations in the soils throughout the site. Initial reme-
dial actions were implemented at the site in October
1983, and included excavation and offsite disposal of
all visibly contaminated material. The selected alterna-
tive for the second remedial action includes excava-
tion and offsite disposal of all soils contaminated
above site-specific action levels at a RCRA-approved
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "Celtor
chemical works site. Sites, Licenses, Public health.
Water pollution, Arsenic, Solid waste disposal, Substi-
tutes, Cost analysis, Soils, Surface water, Cadmium,
"Solid waste management, 'Superfund program,
"Land reclamation, "Municipal wastes, "Environmen-
tal research, "Remedial actions, Liquid waste disposal,
Heavy metals.
PB86-133873/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Wauconda Sand and Gravel, Wauconda, Illinois,
September 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 85, 49p EPA/ROD/R05-85/027
The Wauconda Sand and Gravel Landfill site Is located
in Lake County, Illinois, approximately two miles north
of the Village of Wauconda. The 74-acre site is com-
prised of a 43-acre unpermitted landfill, a nine-acre
permitted landfill, nine acres which are excavated but
unfilled, and 13 acres of perimeter site area. Before
1950, the site property was used as a sand and gravel
pit. From 1950 until 1977, Wauconda Sand and Gravel
Company operated the northern portion (43 acres un-
permitted fill) of the site as a landfill. Landfill operations
during this period consisted of dumping refuse into the
mined-out gravel pit. The refuse deposited at the land-
fill consisted of residential garbage, construction
debris, some industrial sludges and drums with unde-
termined contents. In 1980, a private well adjacent to
the eastern boundary of the landfill was sampled by Illi-
nois Environmental Protection Agency and inorganic,
organic and PCB contamination was detected. Addi-
tional investigations concluded that PCBs, metals, and
organics were contaminating the ground water and
surface water (Mutton Creek).
Keywords: 'Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, "Site surveys, 'Wauconda
Sand and Gravel site. Sites, Licenses, Public health,
Water pollution, Solid waste disposal, Substitutes,
Cost analysis, Illinois, Ground water, Surface water,
Metals, Soils, 'Solid waste management, 'Superfund
program, 'Land reclamation, 'Municipal wastes, "En-
vironmental research, "Remedial actions, Liquid waste
disposal, Polychlorinated biphenyls.
PB86-133881/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Acme Solvents, Morrlstown, Illinois, September
1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
27 Sep 85, 55p EPA/ ROD/ R05-85/026
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Acme Solvents Reclaiming, Inc. facility is located
approximately five miles soutn of Rockford, Illinois.
From 1960 until 1973, the facility served as a disposal
site for paints, oils and still bottoms from the solvent
reclamation plant located in Rockford. In addition,
empty drums were stored onsite. Wastes were
dumped into depressions created from either previous
quarrying activities or by scraping over-burden from
the near surface bedrock to form berms. In September
1972, the Illinois Pollution Control Board (IPCB) or-
dered Acme to remove all drums and wastes from the
facility and to backfill the lagoons. Follow-up inspec-
tions revealed that wastes and crushed drums were
being left onsite and merely covered with soil. Sam-
pling of the site revealed high concentrations of chlor-
inated organics in the drinking water. The major source
of hazardous substances at the facility are the waste
disposal mounds. These mounds contain volatile and
semi-volatile organic compounds and concentrations
of PCBs up to several hundred mg/kg. The selected
remedial action is included.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes. 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, 'Acme sol-
vents reclaiming site, Sites, Licenses, Public health,
Water pollution, Inorganic compounds, Solid waste
disposal, Substitutes, Cost analysis, Ground water.
Soil analysis, Vinyl chloride, 'Solid waste manage-
ment, 'Superfund program, 'Land reclamation, 'Mu-
nicipal wastes, 'Environmental research, 'Remedial
actions, Liquid waste disposal, Volatile organic com-
pounds, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Ethylene/trichloro,
Rockford(lllinois).
PB86-133899/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Charlevoix Site, Michigan (Second Remedial
Action), September 1985. Final rapt.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 85,23p EPA/ROD/R05-85/025
See also PB85-213908.
The City of Charlevoix is located on the shores of Lake
Michigan in Charlevoix County. The City's single mu-
nicipal well supplies potable water to a year-round
population of 3500 which increases to approximately
5,000 during the summer tourist season. In September
1981, while conducting tests tor trihalogenated meth-
ane compounds, the Michigan Department of Public
Health (MDPH) detected trichloroethylene (TCE) rang-
ing in concentrations from 13 to 30 ppb in the Charle-
voix water supply. Data from the monitoring program
showed gradually rising levels of TCE ana percnlor-
oethylene (PCE) in the raw water. In June 1984, a
Record of Decision was signed which approved an ini-
tial remedial measure (IRM) for an alternative water
supply to replace the contaminated municipal well.
The selected IRM consisted of a Lake Michigan water
intake structure and a water filtration/floccufation
treatment plant. The selected remedial action involves
discharging the TCE and PCE plumes, under natural
flow conditions, to Lake Michigan. The aquifer would
be useable after 50 years. During that 50-year purging
period, institutional restrictions on the installation of
private wells in the contaminated aquifer will be en-
forced by local health officials. In addition, long-term
monitoring of the plumes will continue. The estimated
annual O&M costs for monitoring are $17,000.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, "Site surveys, 'Charlevoix
site, Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water pollution,
Solid waste disposal, Substitutes, Cost analysis,
Ground water, Michigan, 'Solid waste management,
"Superfund program, *EPA region, "Land reclamation,
'Municipal wastes, 'Environmental research, 'Reme-
dial actions, Liquid waste disposal, Ethylene/trichloro,
Volatile organic compounds, Charlevoix(Michigan).
PB86-133907/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
New Lyme, Ashtabula County, Ohio, September
1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
27 Sep 85,44p EPA/ROD/R05-85/023
The New Lyme Landfill is located near State Route 11
on Dodgeville Road in Ashtabula County, approximate-
ly 20 miles south of the City of Ashtabula, Ohio. The
landfill occupies about 40 acres of a 100-acre tract.
Operations began at the site in 1969, and were initially
managed by two farmers. In 1971, the landfill was li-
censed by the State of Ohio and operations were
taken over by a licensed landfill operator. According to
documentation, the New Lyme Landfill received
household, industrial, commercial, and institutional
wastes and construction and demolition debris. How-
ever, numerous violations of the license occurred, in-
cluding: open dumping; improper spreading and com-
pacting of wastes; no State approval for disposal of
certain industrial wastes; and excavation of trenches
into the shale bedrock. In August 1978, the landfill was
closed by the Ashtabula County Health Department.
Documents indicate that wastes at the New Lyme
Landfill site included: coal tar distillates, asbestos, coal
tar, resins and resin tar, paint sludge, oils, paint lacquer
thinner, peroxide, corrosive liquids, acetone, xylene,
toluene, kerosene, naptha, benzene, linseed oil, min-
eral oil, fuel oil, chlorinated solvents, 2,4-D, and labora-
tory chemicals. The selected remedial action is includ-
ed.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, 'New Lyme
Landfill, Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water pollution,
Toluene, Solvents, Asbestos, Sediments, Solid waste
disposal, Substitutes, Cost analysis, Ohio, Soil analy-
sis, Ground water, Sludge disposal, Laboratories,
Chemical compounds, Resins, Sediments, 'Solid
waste management, "Superfund program, 'Land rec-
lamation, "Municipal wastes, 'Environmental re-
search, "Remedial actions, Liquid waste disposal,
New Lyme(Ohio), Volatile organic compounds.
PB86-133915/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Harvey-Knott Drum Site, New Castle County,
Delaware, September 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 85, 54p EPA/ROD/R03-85/017
The Harvey-Knott Drum Site is located in New Castle
County, Delaware, approximately one-half mile east of
the Maryland-Delaware border. The Harvey and Knotts
Trucking, Inc., operated an open dump and burning
ground on the site between 1963 and 1969. The facility
accepted sanitary, municipal, and industrial wastes be-
lieved to be sludges, paint pigments, and solvents.
Wastes were emptied onto the ground, into excavated
trenches, or left in drums (some of which were buried).
Some of these wastes were either burned as a means
of reducing waste volume, or allowed to seep into the
soil. Contamination of soil, surface water, and ground
water has occurred as a result of disposal of these in-
dustrial wastes. The selected remedial action for this
site is included.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "Harvey-
Knott Drum site, Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water
pollution, Inorganic compunds, Organic compounds.
Solid waste disposal, Substitutes, Cost analysis,
Ground water, Surface water, Soil analysis. Wetlands,
"Solid waste management, "Superfund program,
"Land reclamation, "Municipal wastes, "Environmen-
tal research, "Remedial actions, Liquid waste disposal,
New Castle County(Delaware), Heavy metals, Poly-
chlorinated biphenyls.
PB86-133923/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
Biscayne Aquifer Sites, Dade County, Florida,
September 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
16 Sep 85, 57p EPA/ROD/R04-85/004
The Biscayne Aquifer is the sole underground source
of drinking water for 3 million residents of southeast
Florida. It is a highly permeable, wedge-shaped, un-
confined shallow aquifer composed of limestone and
sandstone. Three Biscayne Aquifer hazardous waste
sites on the EPA National Priorities List were ad-
dressed as one management unit for the remedial in-
vestigation and feasibility study: (1) Miami Drum Site,
(2) Northwest 58th Street Landfill, and (3) Varsol Spill
Site. These sites are located near each other in north
Dade County, Florida. The remedial actions for the
three hazardous waste sites are being addressed in
four phases: Phase I: Varsol Spill Site-immediate area
soil and ground water. Record of Decision (ROD)
signed 3/29/85, Phase II: Miami Drum-source control
(soils and encountered ground water), completed Sep-
tember 1982. ROD signed 9/13/82, Phase III: 58th
Street Landfill-immediate area soil, surface water, and
ground water. Enforcement Decision Document (EDD)
scheduled Fall 1965, and Phase IV: Study Area
Ground Water-ROD signed 9/16/85. The selected re-
medial action for Phase IV includes adding air stripping
to the existing water treatment system in the study
area and operating the Miami Springs and Preston mu-
nicipal wells for the dual purpose of providing potable
water and recovering contaminated water from the aq-
uifer. Total capital cost for the selected remedial alter-
native is estimated to be $5,268,000 with O&M costs
approximately $334,400 per year.
Keywords: "Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, 'Biscayne
Aquifer Site, Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water pol-
lution, Solid waste disposal, Substitutes, Cost analysis,
Aquifers, Ground water, Vinyl chloride, "Solid waste
management, 'Superfund program, 'Land reclama-
tion, Municipal wastes, 'Environmental research,
'Remedial actions, Liquid waste disposal, Volatile or-
ganic compounds, Ethene/dichloro.
PB86-133931/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
Davie Landfill, Broward County, Florida, Septem-
ber 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 85,28p EPA/ROD/R04-85/005
The Broward County Solid Waste Disposal facility
(a.k.a. Davie Landfill) is located 10 miles southwest of
Fort Lauderdale, Florida near the intersection of
Orange Drive and Boy Scout Road. The landfill area in-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
eludes a 50-acre garbage landfill, an 80-acre trash
landfill and a 56-acre sludge lagoon. The facility began
operation in 1964 accepting trash and ash from the
county's adjacent garbage incinerator. In November
1971, the lagoon was created in an unlined natural de-
pression onsite. Grease trap pump-outs, septic tank
and treated municipal sludges were disposed in the
lagoon which contains an estimated 75,000 cubic
yards of sludge. Initial sampling of the lagoon contents
characterize the waste as being in the high range of
typical wastewater treatment plant sludge hazardous
constituents. In addition, concerns have been raised
about the relatively high cyanide and sulfide concen-
trations detected. The selected remedial action in-
cludes: dewatering and stabilization of the sludge
lagoon contents and placement in a single-lined sani-
tary landfill cell; and installation of a cap on the cell
that meets the regulatory requirements of 40 CFR
264.310(a). This ROD addresses only source control
measures. The decision concerning cleanup of
groundwater contamination will be made following an
evaluation of these actions and monitoring data. Total
capital cost for the selected remedial action is estimat-
ed to be $3.0-$3.7 million with annual O&M costs of
$100,000.
Keywords: "Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, 'Davie
Landfill, Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water pollution.
Solid waste disposal. Substitutes, Cost analysis,
Ground water, Sludge disposal, Cyanides, Sulfides,
Florida, 'Solid waste management, "Superfund pro-
gram, 'Land reclamation, 'Municipal wastes, 'Envi-
ronmental research, 'Remedial actions, Liquid waste
disposal, Fort Lauderdale(Florida).
PB86-133949/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Cemetery Dump Site, Oakland County, Michigan,
September 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
11 Sep 85,21 p EPA/ROD/R05-85/021
The Cemetery Dump Site is located in Oakland
County, Michigan, approximately 35 miles northwest of
Detroit. The 4 acre site was once used as a sand and
gravel pit which has been backfilled and cleared. Citi-
zen reports allege that approximately 300 to 600 bar-
rels were dumped and buried onsite in the late 1960s
or early 1970s. In September 1981, the Michigan De-
partment of Natural Resources excavated and trans-
ported offsite approximately 20 to 30 barrel fragments.
Analysis of the barrel contents indicated the presence
of paint sludges, solvents, PCBs and oils. This ROD is
a source control remedial action that includes excava-
tion and disposal of approximately 250 drums at an off-
site RCRA facility. Total capital cost for the selected
remedial action is estimated to be $1,883,261. Any ad-
ditional remedial actions will be addressed in a sepa-
rate Record of Decision upon completion of the RI/FS.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, 'Cemetery
Dump, Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water pollution,
Solid waste disposal. Substitutes, Cost analysis, Michi-
gan, Solvents, Oils, 'Solid waste management, 'Su-
perfund program, 'Land reclamation, 'Municipal
wastes, "Environmental research, 'Remedial actions,
Liquid waste disposal, Oakland County(Michigan), Pol-
ychlorinated biphenyls.
PB86-133956/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Northernaire Plating Company, Wexford County,
Cadillac, Michigan, September 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
11 Sep 85, 24p EPA/ROD/R05-85/022
Northernaire Plating is the site of a former electroplat-
ing facility located at 1002 Sixth Street in Cadillac,
Wexford County, Michigan, Electroplating operations
were conducted at the 12.75 acre site from 1971 to
1981. Waste contaminants from electroplating com-
monly include copper, nickel, chromium, zinc, lead, tin
and cadmium, as well as metal complexing agents. In
1978, two domestic wells were found to be contami-
nated with hexavalent chromium. In addition, process
waste waters containing cadmium and chromium were
discharged into the municipal sewer system. A private
sewer line permitted exfiltration of these waste waters
through poorly sealed joints. A drywell in the sewer line
at the facility allowed plant effluent to be discharged di-
rectly to the highly permeable unsaturated soil. This
498 Vol. 90, No. 24
ROD is a source control remedial action that is includ-
ed.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, 'Norther-
naire Plating Site, Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water
pollution, Cadmium, Chromium, Sewers, Sediments,
Solid waste disposal. Substitutes, Cost analysis, Elec-
troplating, Ground water, Soils, 'Solid waste manage-
ment, 'Superfund program, 'Land reclamation, 'Mu-
nicipal wastes, 'Envirnmental research, 'Remedial ac-
tions, Liquid waste disposal, Heavy metals,
Northernaire(Michigan).
PB86-133964/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 10):
Ponders Corner Site, Washington (Second Reme-
dial Action), September 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 85, 73p EPA/ROD/R10-85/006
See also PB85-214187.
Ponders Corner, or the Lakewood site as it is identified
in the National Priorities List, is located in Pierce
County, Washington, south of the city of Tacoma. In
July 1981, EPA sampled drinking water wells in the
Tacoma, WA area for contamination with purgeable
halocarbons. The sampling showed that Lakewood
Wells H1 and H2 were contaminated with 1,2-dichlor-
oethylene (1,2 DCE), trichloroethylene (TCE), and te-
trachloroethylene. In mid-August 1981 Lakewood
water district took wells H1 and H1 out of production. It
was determined that the septic tanks and the ground
disposal area of a commercial cleaners were the prob-
able source of well water contamination. Solvents
used in the dry cleaning process were disposed in the
septic tank and liquid wastes consisting of solvent-
contaminated sludges and water draw-off were dis-
posed on the ground outside the cleaners. Initial Re-
medial Measures (IRMs) implemented in June 1984 at
the site included the construction of air stripping
towers for wells H1 and H2. The recommended alter-
native for this second remedial action are included.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, "Ponders
Corner Site, "Lakewood Site, Sites, Licenses, Public
health, Water pollution, Solid waste disposal, Substi-
tutes, Cost analysis, Ground water, Soils, Solvents,
'Solid waste management, 'Superfund program,
*EPA region 10, 'Land reclamation, 'Municipal
wastes, 'Environmental research, 'Remedial actions,
Liquid waste disposal, Ponders Corner(Washington),
Ethylene/dichloro, Ethylene/trichloro, Ethylene/tetra-
chloro.
PB86-133972/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Goose Farm, Plumsted Township, New Jersey,
September 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
27 Sep 85, 112p EPA/ROD/R02-85/016
The Goose Farm site is located approximately two
miles northeast of the Town of New Egypt in Plumsted
Township, Ocean County, New Jersey. The Goose
Farm was used as a hazardous waste disposal site
from the mid 1940's to the mid 1970's by a manufac-
turer of polysulfide rubber and solid rocket fuel propel-
lant. The majority of wastes were dumped into a pit
dug through the fine sand. The dimensions of the pit
were approximately 100 x 300 x 15 feet. Lab packs, 55
gallon drums, and bulk liquids were dumped into the
pit. Investigations have found contaminated soils con-
taining volatile, acid and base/neutral organic pollut-
ants throughout the disposal area. In addition, sam-
pling shows contamination of ground water up to 570
ppm total priority pollutants and contamination of the
surface water up to 1100 ppb total volatile organics.
The recommended remedial alternative for this site is
expected to be implemented in a phased manner.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "Goose
Farm site, Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water pollu-
tion, Toluene, Solid waste disposal, Substitutes, Cost
analysis, Soil analysis, Ground water, Surface water,
"Solid waste management, "Superfund program,
'Land reclamation, "Municipal wastes, "Environmen-
tal research, "Remedial actions, Liquid waste disposal.
Goose Farm(New Jersey), Volatile organic com-
pounds, Benzene/ethyl, Ethylene/trichloro, Polychlori-
nated biphenyls.
PB86-133980/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Olean Well Field, Cattaraugus County, New York,
September 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
24 Sep 85,42p EPA/ROD/R02-85/015
The Olean Well Field is located in the eastern portion
of the City of Olean, and also encompasses part of the
Town of Olean, in Cattaraugus County, New York.
Early in 1981, the three municipal wells (Well numbers:
18M, 37M and 38M) at the site were found to contain
levels of trichloroethylene (TCE) at concentrations
above the New York State Department of Health
(NYSDOH) Drinking Water Guidelines (50 ppb). These
wells were closed and an old surface water filtration
plant was reactivated to provide water to city resi-
dents. Private wells in the area were subsequently
tested and many were found to be contaminated. Ap-
proximately one half of the contaminated private wells
have shown TCE levels of over 1,000 ppb. The highest
level of TCE detected in a private well was 3,100 ppb
(sample taken June 1985). The selected remedial
action for this site is included.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, "Site surveys, "Olean Well
Field, Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water pollution,
Solid waste disposal, Substitutes, Cost analysis,
Groundwater, Water supply, "Solid waste manage-
ment, "Superfund program, "Land reclamation, "Mu-
nicipal wastes, "Environmental research, 'Remedial
actions, Liquid waste disposal, Olean Well Field(New
York), Ethylene/trichloro, Volatile organic compounds.
PB86-133998/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1): Pl-
cillo Farm, Coventry, Rhode Island, September
1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 85, 72p EPA/ROD/R01-85/012
The Picillo Farm site is located in Coventry, Rhode
Island, approximately 20 miles southwest of Provi-
dence. Drums containing hazardous wastes and bulk
wastes were illegally disposed within an 8-acre area of
the Picillo Farm over a period of months in 1977. A
series of trenches-the northwest trench, northeast
trench, west trench, south trench, and two slit trench-
es-were used for this activity. In September 1977, an
explosion and fire at the site brought the dumping ac-
tivities to the attention of regulatory agencies. Since
September 1977, a number of investigations and re-
medial activities have been conducted at the site.
PCBs, organics, and phenols were identified in onsite
soil. The selected remedial actions are included.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, 'Picillo
Farm Site, Sites, Licenses, Public health. Water pollu-
tion, Solid waste disposal, Substitutes, Cost analysis,
Rhode Island, Soils, Ground water, Phenols, Xylene,
"Solid waste management, 'Superfund program,
'Land reclamation, 'Municipal wastes, 'Environmen-
tal research, "Remedial actions, Liquid waste disposal,
Coventry(Rhode Island), Polychlorinated biphenyls,
Volatile organic compounds, Ethylene/tetrachloro,
Benzene/ethyl.
PB86-134004/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1):
Beacon Heights Landfill, Beacon Falls, Connecti-
cut, September 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
23 Sep 84, 120p EPA/ROD/R01 -85/010
The Beacon Heights Landfill site is located two miles
east of the intersection of Connecticut Routes 8 and
42 in Beacon Falls, Connecticut. From the 1920's until
1970 the site was known as 'Betkoski's Dump' and
consisted of approximately six acres on which active
dumping occurred. According to records at the Con-
necticut Department of Environmental Protection (CT
DEP), waste accepted at the dump included municipal
refuse, rubber, p lastics, and industrial chemicals and
sludges. Landfill operations consisted primarily of
open burning along with burial of noncombustlbles. In
1970, the Betkoski property and adjacent properties
totaling 83 acres were purchased by the Murtha Truck-
ing Company, and the name was changed to Beacon
Heights, Inc. Landfill. At this time, the landfill area was
expanded to approximately 30 acres. Records of the
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
neer, listed rubber, plastics, oils, hydrocarbons, chemi-
cal liquids and sludges, and solvents as being dis-
posed of at the landfill by the trucking company. The
selected remedial action for this site are included.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, 'Beacon
Heights, Landfill site, Sites, Licenses, Public health,
Water pollution, Xylenes, Solid waste disposal, Substi-
tutes, Cost analysis, Ground water, Surface water,
Soils, 'Solid waste management, 'Superfund pro-
gram, 'Land reclamation, Municipal wastes, "Envi-
ronmental research, 'Remedial actions, Liquid waste
disposal, Beacon Heights(Connecticut), Benzene,
Benzene/chloro, Ethane/chloro, Butanone, Ether/
bis(chloroethyl).
PB86-134020/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Hydrogen Chloride and Hydrogen Fluoride Emis-
sion Factors for the NAPAP (National Acid Pre-
cipitation Assessment Program) Emission Inven-
tory. Final rept. Jul 83-85,
GCA Corp., Chapel Hill, NC. GCA Technology Div.
D. C. Misenheimer, R. E. Battye, M. R. Clowers, and A.
S. Werner. Oct 85,86p GCA-TR-CH-64-04, EPA/600/
7-85/041
Contracts EPA-68-02-3168, EPA-68-02-3698
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of a study to develop emission
factors for significant sources of hydrogen chloride
and hydrogen fluoride. Information developed in the
report includes significant emission sources, source
descriptions, uncontrolled emission factors, controls
commonly used, and average control efficiencies. An
assessment of the accuracy of each efficiency factor is
also included.
Keywords: 'Hydrogen chloride, 'Hydrogen fluoride,
'Air pollution control equipment, Performance evalua-
tion, Sources, Assessments, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, 'Emission factors, 'Emission inven-
tories, 'National acid precipitation assessment pro-
gram.
PB86-134053/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Hyperflltratlon for Textile Preparation Caustic Dis-
charge Reduction. Final rept. Jul 82-Nov 83,
CARRE, Inc., Seneca, SC.
C. A. Brandon. Dec 85,41 p CARRE-100, EPA/600/2-
85/139
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of a study, joining a hyperfiltra-
tion (HF) system with an operating caustic scour and
preparation range in an integrated textile dye and fin-
ishing plant. (HF is a membrane separation technique
widely used in desalination of natural water and In
some industrial separation applications. Because
energy, process chemicals, and water are discharged
from industrial processes in large quantities, recycle
has been studied with the objectives of energy and
material conservation and pollution abatement.
Keywords: 'Textile industry, 'Membranes, 'Water pol-
lution control, 'Sodium hydroxide, 'Textile finishing,
Fluid filters, Scouring, Operating costs, Capitalized
costs, Cost analysis, Industrial waste treatment, Filtra-
tion, Performance evaluation, Caustic soda, Recircula-
tion, * Hyperf iltration.
PBB6-134111/HSU	PCE99
Health Effects Assessments for 58 Chemicals and
Compounds.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84,2533p
Set includes PB86-134129 through PB86-134699. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Syracuse Research Corp.,
NY.
No abstract available.
PB86-134129/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Hexachlorocyclo-
pentadlene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84,46p* EPA/540/1-86/001
See also PB85-124915 and PB86-134137. Prepared in
cooperation with Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A subch-
ronic and chronic interim acceptable intake was deter-
mined for hexachlorocyclopentadiene based on both
oral and inhalation exposure.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial hygiene,
"Toxicology, 'Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
"Occupational safety and health, "Toxic substances,
"Environmental health, Pharmacokinetics, Path of pol-
lutants.
PB86-134137/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for 1,2-Dichloroath-
ane.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84, 56p* EPA/540/1-86/002
See also PB84-209865, PB86-134129 and PB86-
134145. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1 )* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A q(sub
1)* was determined for 1,2-dichloroethane based on
oral exposure.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Industrial hygiene,
"Toxicology, 'Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
"Occupational safety and health, 'Toxic substances,
'Environmental health, Pharmacokinetics, Path of pol-
lutants, 'Ethane/dichloro.
PB88-134145/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Methyl Ethyl
Ketone.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84,27p" EPA/540/1-86/003
See also PB86-134137 and PB86-134152. Prepared in
cooperation with Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A subch-
ronic and chronic interim acceptable intake was deter-
mined for methyl ethyl ketone based on inhalation ex-
posure.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Industrial hygiene,
"Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
"Methyl ethyl ketone, 'Occupational safety and health,
"Toxic substances, "Environmental health, Pharmaco-
kinetics, Path of pollutants.
PB86-134152/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Polychlorinated Bi-
phenyls (PCBS).
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84, 66p* EPA/540/1-86/004
See also PB81-117798, PB86-134145 and PB86-
134160. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A a(sub
1)* was determined for polychlorinated biphenyls
based on oral exposure.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Industrial hygiene,
"Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
"Occupational safety and health, 'Toxic substances,
'Environmental health, Pharmacokinetics, Path of pol-
lutants, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls.
PB86-134160/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for 1,1,1-Trlchloroeth-
ane.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84,42p* EPA/540/1-86/005
See also PB84-183565, PB86-134152 and PB86-
134178. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A subch-
ronic and chronic interim acceptable intake was deter-
mined for 1,1,1 -trichloroethane based on inhalation ex-
posure, and a chronic interim acceptable intake was
determined based on oral exposure.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial hygiene,
"Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
"Occupational safety and health, "Toxic substances,
"Environmental health, Pharmacokinetics, Path of pol-
lutants, "Ethane/trichloro.
PB86-134178/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Xylene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84,39p* EPA/540/1-86/006
See also PB86-134160 and PB86-134186. Prepared in
cooperation with Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. Both inha-
lation and oral estimates of inteim acceptable intakes
are provided for mixed xylenes, o-xylene and m-
xylene. Sufficient data were not available to develop
estimates for p-xylene.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial hygiene,
"Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, Xylenes, As-
sessments, Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Labo-
ratory animals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical
analysis, Sampling, Sources, Transport properties,
Ecology, 'Occupational safety and health, "Toxic sub-
stances, 'Environmental health, 'Xylene, Pharmaco-
kinetics, Path of pollutants.
PB86-134186/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Phenol.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84, 28p* EPA/540/1-86/007
See also PBB1-117772, PB86-134178 and PB86-
134194. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systematic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A subch-
ronic and chronic interim acceptable intake was deter-
mined for phenol based on both oral and inhalation ex-
posure.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial hygiene,
'Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, "Phenol, As-
sessments, Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Labo-
ratory animals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical
analysis, Sampling, Sources, Transport properties
Ecology, "Occupational safety and health, "Toxic sub-
stances, "Environmental health, Pharmacokinetics
Path of pollutants.
SB8?J^194/»SU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Ethylbenzene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84, 29p* EPA/540/1-86/008
See also PB81-117590, PB86-134186 and PB86-
134202. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A subch-
ronic an chronic interim acceptable intake was deter-
mined for ethylbenzene based on oral exposure.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Industrial hygiene,
'Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
"Occupational safely and health, 'Toxic substances,
'Environmental health, 'Benzene/ethyl, Pharmaco-
kinetics, Path of pollutants.
PB86-134202/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Tetrachloroethy-
lene.	_
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84, 40p* EPA/540/1-86/009
See also PB85-249704, PB86-134194 and PB86-
134210. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A q(sub
1)* was determined for tetrachloroethylene based on
both oral and inhalation exposure.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Industrial hygiene,
"Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, Assessments
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology
"Occupational safety and health, "Toxic substances
'Environmental health, Pharmacokinetics, Path of pol
lutants, "Ethylene/tetrachloro.
PB86-134210/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Chloroform.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84, 32p* EPA/540/1-86/010
See also PB84-195163, PB86-134202 and PB86-
134228. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A q(sub
1)* was determined for chloroform base on oral expo-
sure.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Industrial hygiene,
"Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure. Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
"Chloroform, "Occupational safety and health, "Toxic
substances, "Environmental health, Pharmacokine-
tics, Path of pollutants.
PB86-134228/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Cyanide.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84, 45p* EPA/540/1-86/011
See also PB81-117483, PB86-134210 and PB86-
134236. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A chronic
interim acceptable intake was determined for cyanide
based on oral exposure.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Industrial hygiene,
"Toxicology, "Environmental surveys. Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
Cyanides, "Occupational safety and health, "Toxic
substances, "Environmental health, Pharmacokine-
tics, Path of pollutants, "Cyanide.
PB86-134236/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Sodium Cyanide.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84, 44p" EPA/540/1-86/012
See also PB81-117483, PB86-134228 and PB86-
134244. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A chronic
interim acceptable intake was determined for sodium
cyanide based on oral exposure.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Industrial hygiene,
"Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
"Sodium cyanide, "Occupational safety and health,
"Toxic substances, "Environmental health, Pharmaco-
kinetics, Path of pollutants.
PB86-134244/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Polycycllc Aromat-
ic Hydrocarbons (PAHS).
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84, 61 p* EPA/540/1-86/013
See also PB81-117806, PB86-134236 and PB86-
134251. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A q(sub
1)* was determined for polycyclic aromatic hydrocar-
bons based on both oral and inhalation exposure.
These estimates are based on benzo(a)pyrene, the
most potent constituent in PAH containing mixtures
identified to date. The text provides information con-
cerning the limitations of these estimates.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Industrial hygiene,
"Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
"Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, "Occupational
safety and health, "Toxic substances, "Environmental
health, Pharmacokinetics, Path of pollutants,
Benzo(a)pyrene, Benzopyrenes.
PB86-134251/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Naphthalene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84,27p* EPA/540/1-86/014
See also PB81-117707, PB86-134244 and PB86-
134269. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. Sufficient
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
data are not available at this time on naphthalene to
determine either acceptable intakes or q(sub 1 )*s.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Industrial hygiene,
"Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, Cycloalkane hy-
drocarbons, Assessments, Exposure, Carginogens,
Mutagens, Laboratory animals. Water pollution, Air
pollution, Chemical analysis, Sampling, Sources,
Transport properties, Ecology, "Occupational safety
and health, "Toxic substances, "Environmental health,
"Naphthalene, Pharmacokinetics, Path of pollutants.
PB86-134269/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for CIS-1,2-Dichlor-
oethylene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84,25p* EPA/540/1 -86/015
See also PB81-117525, PB86-134251 and PB86-
134277. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)" values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. Sufficient
data are not available at this time on cis-1,2-dichlor-
oethylene to determine either acceptable intakes or
q(sub 1)*s.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Industrial hygiene,
"Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
"Occupational safety and health, "Toxic substances,
"Environmental health, Pharmacokinetics, Path of pol-
lutants, "Ethylene/dichloro.
PB86-134277/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Acetone.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84, 32p" EPA/540/1-86/016
See also PB86-134269 and PB86-134285. Prepared in
cooperation with Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A subch-
ronic and chronic interim acceptable intake was deter-
mined for acetone based on inhalation exposure.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Industrial hygiene,
"Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
•Acetone, "Occupational safety and health, "Toxic
substances, "Environmental health, Pharmacokine-
tics, Path of pollutants.
PB86-134293/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Nickel.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84,48p* EPA/540/1-86/018
See also PB83-213827, PB86-134285 and PB86-
134301. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111-
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A subch-
ronic and chronic interim acceptable intake was deter-
mined for nickel based on oral exposure. A q(sub 1)*
was determined for nickel based on inhalation expo-
sure.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Industrial hygiene,
"Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens. Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
"Nickel, Metals, "Occupational safety and health,
"Toxic substances, "Environmental health, Pharmaco-
kinetics, Path of pollutants, Heavy metals.
PB86-134301/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Hexavalent Chro-
mium.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84,49p* EPA/540/1 -86/019
See also PB85-115905, PB86-134293 and PB86-
134319. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A chronic
interim acceptable intake was determined for hexava-
lent chromium based on oral exposure. A q(sub 1)*
was determined for hexavalent chromium based on in-
halation exposure.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Industrial hygiene,
•Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinpgens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
"Chromium, Metals, "Occupational safety and health,
"Toxic substances, 'Environmental health, Pharmaco-
kinetics, Path of pollutants, Heavy metals.
PB86-134319/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Arsenic.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep84,60p* EPA/540/1-86/020
See also PB84-190891, PB86-134301 and PB86-
134327. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable Intakes are determined for systematic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)" values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and Inhalation routes. A q(sub
1)" was determined for arsenic based on oral and inha-
lation exposure.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial hygiene,
'Toxicology, 'Environmental surveys, 'Arsenic, As-
sessments, Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Labo-
ratory animals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical
analysis, Sampling, Sources, Transport properties,
Ecology, 'Occupational safety and health, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Environmental health, Pharmacokinetics,
Path of pollutants.
PB86-134327/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Barium.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84, 30p* EPA/540/1-86/021.
See also PB86-134319 and PB86-134335. Prepared in
cooperation with Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A chronic
interim acceptable intake was determined for barium
based on oral exposure and both a subchronic and
chronic interim acceptable intake was determined
based on inhalation exposure.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Industrial hygiene,
"Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
"Barium, Metals, "Occupational safety and health,
"Toxic substances, "Environmental health, Pharmaco-
kinetics, Path of pollutants, Heavy metals.
PB86-134336/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Benzo
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial hygiene,
'Toxicology, 'Environmental surveys, 'Chlordane, As-
sessments, Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Labo-
ratory animals, Pesticides, Water pollution. Air pollu-
tion, Chemical analysis, Sampling, Sources, Transport
properties, Ecology, 'Occupational safety and health,
'Toxic substances, 'Environmental health, Pharmaco-
kinetics, Path of pollutants.
PB86-134350/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Coal Tars.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84,36p* EPA/540/1-86/024
See also PB83-129551, PB86-134343 and PB86-
134368. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A q(sub
1)* was determined for coal tars based on inhalation
exposure.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Industrial hygiene.
Toxicology, 'Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
Coal tar, 'Occupational safety and health, 'Toxic
substances, "Environmental health, Pharmacokine-
tics, Path of pollutants.
PB86-134368/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Copper.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84,45p* EPA/540/1-86/025
See also PB81-117475, PB86-134350 and PB86-
134376. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99. PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1 )* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A chronic
interim acceptable intake was determined for copper
based on inhalation exposure and both a subchronic
and chronic interim acceptable intake was determined
based on oral exposure.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Industrial hygiene,
'Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
"Copper, Metals, 'Occupational safety and health,
'Toxic substances, 'Environmental health. Pharmaco-
kinetics, Path of pollutants, Heavy metals.
PB86-134376/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for DDT.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84,55p* EPA/540/1-86/026
See also PB81-117491, PB86-134368 and PB86-
134384. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
502 Vol. 90, No. 24
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A q(sub
1)* was determined for DDT based on oral exposure.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial hygiene,
"Toxicology, 'Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals. Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis.
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
"DDT, Pesticides, "Occupational safety and health,
"Toxic substances, "Environmental health, Pharmaco-
kinetics, Path of pollutants.
PB86-134384/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for 1,1-Dlchloroeth-
ane.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84,37p* EPA/540/1-86/027
See also PB81-117624, PB86-134376 and PB86-
134392. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
midial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systematic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A subch-
ronic and chronic interim acceptable intake was deter-
mined for 1,1-dichloroethane based on both oral and
inhalatiexposure.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Industrial hygiene,
"Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory an-
iamsl, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
"Occupational safety and health, "Toxic substances,
"Environmental health, "Ethane/dichloro, Pharmaco-
kinetics, Path of pollutants.
PB86-134392/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Methylene Chlo-
ride.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84,59p* EPA/540/1-86/028.
See also PB85-191559, PB86-134384 and PB86-
134400. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A q(sub
1)* was determined for methylene chloride based on
inhalation exposure.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Industrial hygiene,
"Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
"Chloromethanes, "Occupational safety and healtn,
"Toxic substances, "Environmental health, Pharmaco-
kinetics, Path of pollutants, "Methane/dichloro.
PB86-134400/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Phenanthrene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84,24p* EPA/540/1-86/029
See also PB81-117806, PB86-134392 and PB86-
134418. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)" values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. Sufficient
data are not available at this time on phenanthrene to
determine either acceptable intakes or q(sub 1)*s.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Industrial hygiene,
'Toxicology, 'Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology, Ar-
omatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, 'Occupational safety
and health, 'Toxic substances, 'Environmental health,
Pharmacokinetics, Path of pollutants, "Phenanthrene.
PB86-134418/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Pyrene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84, 25p* EPA/540/1-86/030
See also PB81-117806, PB86-134400 and PB86-
134426. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, P886-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. Sufficient
data are not available at this time on pyrene to deter-
mine either acceptable intakes or q(sub 1)s.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial hygiene,
'Toxicology, 'Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
Pyrenes, 'Occupational safety and health, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Environmental health, Pharmacokinetics,
Path of pollutants, 'Pyrene.
PB86-134426/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effecta Aaaessment for Sulfuric Acid.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84, 33p* EPA/540/1-86/031
See also PB84-156793, PB86-134418 and PB86-
134434. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. Since the
documented effects of sulfuric acid relate solely to the
portal of entry following inhalation exposure, interim
acceptable intakes are not estimated. The document
does present data concerning estimates of acceptable
air exposure concentrations.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Industrial hygiene
"Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, Assessments'
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory an^
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties. Ecology'
'Sulfuric acid, 'Occupational safety and health, 'Toxic
substances, 'Environmental health. Pharmacokine-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-134434/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for 1,1,2,2-Tetrachlor-
oethane.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84, 31p* EPA/540/1-86/032
See also PB81-117400, PB86-134426 and PB86-
134442. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A q(sub
1)* was determined for 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
based on oral exposure.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial hygiene,
"Toxicology, 'Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
'Occupational safety and health, 'Toxic substances,
'Environmental health, Pharmacokinetics, Path of pol-
lutants, 'Ethane/tetrachloro.
PB86-134442/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Toluene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84, 45p* EPA/540/1-86/033
See also PB86-117975, PB86-134434 and PB86-
134459. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specitic subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A subch-
ronic and chronic interim acceptable intake was deter-
mined for toluene based on both oral and inhalation
exposure.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial hygiene,
'Toxicology, 'Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
'Toluene, 'Occupational safety and health, 'Toxic
substances, 'Environmental health, Pharmacokine-
tics, Path of pollutants.
PB86-134459/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for 2,4,5-Trlchloro-
phenol.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84, 25p* EPA/540/1-86/034
See also PB81-117434, PB86-134442 and PB86-
134467. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specitic subchronic and chronic toxicity Inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A subch-
ronic and chronic interim acceptable intake was deter-
mined for 2,4,5-trichlorophenol based on oral expo-
sure.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Industrial hygiene,
"Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution. Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
"Occupational safety and health, 'Toxic substances,
"Environmental health, Pharmacokinetics, Path of pol-
lutants, 'Phenol/trichloro.
PB86-134467/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Trlvalent Chromi-
um.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84,32p* EPA/540/1-86/035
See also PB83-252205, PB86-134459 and PB86-
134475. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)' values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A subch-
ronic and chronic interim acceptable intake was deter-
mined for trivalent chromium based on oral exposure,
and a chronic interim acceptable intake was deter-
mined based on inhalation exposure.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial hygiene,
'Toxicology, 'Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
'Chromium, 'Occupational safety and health, 'Toxic
substances, 'Environmental health, Pharmacokine-
tics, Path of pollutants.
PB86-134475/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Vinyl Chloride.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84,67p* EPA/540/1-86/036
See also PB81-117889, PB86-134467 and PB86-
134483. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A q(sub
1)* was determined for vinyl chloride based on both
oral and inhalation exposure.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial hygiene,
'Toxicology, 'Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
'Vinyl chloride, 'Occupational safety and health,
'Toxic substances, "Environmental health, Pharmaco-
kinetics, Path of pollutants.
PB66-134483/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effect* Assessment for Benzene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84, 54p* EPA/640/1-86/037
See also PB81-117293, PB86-134475 and PB86-
134491. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)" values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A q(sub
1)* was determined for benzene based on both oral
and inhalation exposure.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Industrial hygiene,
'Toxicology, 'Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
'Occupational safety and health, 'Toxic substances,
"Environmental health, Pharmacokinetics, Path of pol-
lutants, 'Benzene.
PB86-134491/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Cadmium.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84, 51 p* EPA/540/1-86/038
See also PB85-116150, PB86-134483 and PB86-
134509. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-.
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A chronic
interim acceptable intake was determined for cadmium
based on oral exposure. A q(sub 1)* was determined
for cadmium based on inhalation exposure.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial hygiene,
'Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Siources, Transport properties, Ecology;
'Cadmium, 'Occupational safety and health, 'Toxic
substances, 'Environmental health, Pharmacokine-
tics, Path of pollutants.
PB86-134509/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Carbon Tetrachlo-
rids.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84,43p* EPA/540/1-88/039
See also PB85-124196, PB86-134491 and PB86-
134517. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.	„„„„
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A q(sub
1 )* was determined for carbon tetrachloride based on
oral exposure.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial hygiene,
'Toxicology, 'Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties. Ecology,
'Carbon tetrachloride, 'Occupational safety and
health, 'Toxic substances, 'Environmental health,
Pharmacokinetics, Path of pollutants.
PB86-134517/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Chlorobenzene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84,42p* EPA/540/1-86/040
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
See also PB85-150332, PB86-134509 and PB86-
134525. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A subch-
ronic and chronic interim acceptable intake was deter-
mined for chlorobenzene based on both oral and inha-
lation exposure.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Industrial hygiene,
"Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
•Occupational safety and health, "Toxic substances,
"Environmental health, Pharmacokinetics, Path of pol-
lutants, "Benzene/chloro.
PB86-134525/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for 1,2-T-Dlchloroeth-
ylene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84,26p* EPA/540/1-86/041
See also PB83-117525, PB86-134517 and PB86-
134533. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. Sufficient
data are not available at this time on trans-1,2-dichlor-
oethylene to determine either acceptable intakes or
q(sub 1)*s.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Industrial hygiene,
"Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
"Occupational safety and health, "Toxic substances,
'Environmental health, Pharmacokinetics, Path of pol-
lutants, "Ethylene/dichloro.
PB86-134533/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Mercury.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84,48p* EPA/540/1-86/042
See also PB85-123925, PB86-134525 and PB86-
134541. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific suchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)' values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A subch-
ronic and chronic interim acceptable Intake was deter-
mined for mercury based on both oral and inhalation
exposure. Estimates for mixed alkyl and inorganic mer-
cury alone are presented.
Keywords- "Hazardous materials, "Industrial hygiene,
"Toxicoloqy,	"Environmental	surveys,
*Mercury(Metal), Metals, Assessments, Exposure,
Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory animals, Water
504 Vol. 90, No. 24
pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis, Sampling,
Sources, Transport properties, Ecology, "Occupation-
al safety and health, "Toxic substances, "Environmen-
tal health, Pharmacokinetics, Path of pollutants, Heavy
metals.
PB86-134541/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Pentachloro-
phenol.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84, 33p" EPA/540/1-86/043
See also PB81-117764, PB86-134533 and PB86-
134558. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A subch-
ronic and chronic interim acceptable intake was deter-
mined for pentachlorophenol based on oral exposure.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Industrial hygiene,
"Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
"Occupational safety and health, "Toxic substances,
"Environmental health, Pharmacokinetics, Path of pol-
lutants, "Phenol/pentachloro.
PB86-134558/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlor-
odibenzo-p-Dioxin.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84,60p* EPA/540/1-86/044
See also PB84-220268, PB86-134541 and PB86-
134566. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A q(sub
1)* was determined for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-
dioxin based on oral exposure.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Industrial hygiene,
"Toxicology, "Environmental surveys. Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
"Occupational safety and health, "Toxic substances,
"Environmental health, Pharmacokinetics, Path of pol-
lutants, "Dioxin(Herbicides), Dibenzodioxin/tetracnlo-
ro.
PB86-134566/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for 1,1,2-Trichloroeth-
ane.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84, 25p* EPA/540/1-86/045
See also PB81-117400, PB86-134558 and PB86-
134574. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)" values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A q(sub
1)* was determined for 1,1,2-trichloroethane based on
oral exposure.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Industrial hygiene,
"Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
"Occupational safety and health, "Toxic substances,
"Environmental health, Pharmacokinetics, Path of pol-
lutants, "Ethane/trichloro.
PB86-134574/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Trlchloroethylene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84,50p* EPA/540/1-86/046
See also PB84-162882, PB86-134566 and PB86-
134582. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A q(sub
1)* was determined for trichloroethylene based on
both oral and inhalation exposure.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Industrial hygiene,
"Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
"Occupational safety and health, "Toxic substances,
"Environmental health. Pharmacokinetics, Path of pol-
lutants, "Ethylene/trichloro.
PB86-134582/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for 2,4,6-Trlchloro-
henol.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84, 30p* EPA/540/1-86/047
See also PB81-117434, PB86-134574 and PB86-
134590. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99. PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A q(sub
1 )* was determined for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol based on
oral exposure.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Industrial hygiene,
"Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Siources, Transport properties, Ecology,
"Occupational safety and health, "Toxic substances!
"Environmental health, Pharmacokinetics, Path of pol-
lutants, * Phenol/trichloro.
PB86-134S90/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Zinc (and Com-
pound*).
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84,59p* EPA/540/1 -86/048
See also PB81-117897, PB86-134582 and PB86-
134608. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A subch-
ronic and chronic interim acceptable intake was deter-
mined for zinc (and compounds) based on both oral
and inhalation exposure.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial hygiene,
'Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
'Zinc, 'Zinc inorganic compounds, Metals, 'Occupa-
tional safety and health, 'Toxic substances, 'Environ-
mental health, Pharmacokinetics, Path of pollutants,
Heavy metals.
PB86-134608/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Asbestos.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84, 70p* EPA/540/1-86/049
See also PB81-117335, PB86-134590 and PB86-
134616. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. Sufficient
data are not available at this time on asbestos to deter-
mine either acceptable intakes or q(sub 1 )"s.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial hygiene,
'Toxicology, 'Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
'Asbestos, 'Occupational safety and health, 'Toxic
substances, 'Environmental health, Pharmacokine-
tics, Path of pollutants.
PB86-134616/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Cresols.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84, 29p* EPA/540/1-86/050
See also PB86-134608 and PB86-134624. Prepared in
cooperation with Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions, if applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A chronic
interim acceptable intake was determined for cresols
based on inhalation exposure.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial hygiene,
•Toxicology, 'Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
'Cresols. 'Occupational safety and health, "Toxic
substances, 'Environmental health, Pharmacokine-
tics, Path of pollutants.
PB86-134624/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for 1,1-Dlchloroethy-
lene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84,45p* EPA/540/1-86/051
See also PB84-126762, PB86-134616 and PB86-
134632. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A q(sub
1)* was determined for 1,1-dichloroethylene based on
inhalation exposure.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial hygiene,
"Toxicology, 'Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
'Occupational safety and health, 'Toxic substances,
'Environmental health, Pharmacokinetics, Path of pol-
lutants, 'Ethane/dichloro.
P886-134632/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health Effect* Assessment for Glycol Ethers.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84, 90p* EPA/540/1-86/052
See also PB86-134624 and PB86-134640. Prepared in
cooperation with Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. The glycol
ethers for which data were adequate for quantitative
assessment include: 2-ethoxyethanol (both inhalation
and oral); 2-methoxyethanol (inhalation); diethylene
glycol monobutyl ether (oral); ethylene glycol monobu-
tyl ether (inhalation); propylene glycol monomethyl
ether (inhalation and oral); and propylene glycol mon-
oethyl ether (oral).
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial hygiene,
'Toxicology, 'Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
'Glycols, 'Ethers, 'Occupational safety and health,
'Toxic substances, 'Environmental health, Pharmaco-
kinetics, Path of pollutants, Ethanol/methoxy, Etha-
nol/(butoxyethoxy), Ethanol/butoxy, Octaaecenoic
ackJ/fbutoxyethyl-ester), Dodecanoic acid/(butox-
yethyl-ester).
PB88-134640/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effect* Assessment for Hexachlorobuta-
dlene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84, 34p* EPA/540/1-86/053
See also PB81-117665, PB86-134632 and PB86-
134657. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A q(sub
1)* was determined for Ijexachlorobutadiene based on
oral exposure.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial hygiene,
'Toxicology, 'Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology, Bu-
tadienes, 'Occupational safety and health, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Environmental health, Pharmacokinetics,
Path of pollutants, 'Butadiene/hexachloro.
PB86-134657/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Iron (and Com-
pounds).
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84,45p* EPA/540/1-86/054
See also PB86-134640 and PB86-134665. Prepared in
cooperation with Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A chronic
interim acceptable intake was determined for iron (and
compounds) based on inhalation exposure.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial hygiene,
'Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
"Iron. 'Iron inorganic compounds, "Occupational
safety and health, Toxic substances, 'Environmental
health, Pharmacokinetics, Path of pollutants.
PBS6-134665/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Lead.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84,55p* EPA/540/1-86/055
See also PB85-163996, PB86-134657 and PB86-
134673. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. Quantita-
tive assessment of lead was not attempted pending
the Agency's review and resolution of target blood
levels for the purposes of risk assessment.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Industrial hygiene,
"Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis.
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
"Lead(Metal), Metals, "Occupational safety and
health, 'Toxic substances, "Environmental health,
Pharmacokinetics, Path of pollutants, Heavy metals.
PB86-134673/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Lindane.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84,49p* EPA/540/1 -86/056
See also PB81-117657, PB86-134665 and PB86-
134681. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A q(sub
1)* was determined for lindane based on oral expo-
sure.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Industrial hygiene,
'Toxicology, 'Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
'Lindane, Pesticide, 'Occupational safety and health,
'Toxic substances, 'Environmental health, Pharmaco-
kinetics, Path of pollutants.
PB88-134681/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Manganese (and
Compounds).
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84, 66p* EPA/540/1-86/057
See also PB84-229954, PB86-134673 and PB86-
134699. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99. PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A subch-
ronic and chronic interim acceptable intake was deter-
mined for manganese (and compounds) based on
both oral and inhalation exposure.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial hygiene,
'Toxicology, 'Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
'Manganese inorganic compounds, 'Manganese,
"Occupational safety and health, 'Toxic substances,
'Environmental health, Pharmacokinetics, Path of pol-
lutants.
PB86-134699/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Selenium (and
Compounds).
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84, 63p* EPA/540/1-86/058
See also PB86-134681. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
Also available in set of 58 reports PC E99, PB86-
134111.
The document represents a brief, quantitatively orient-
ed scientific summary of health effects data. It was de-
veloped by the Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office to assist the Office of Emergency and Re-
medial Response in establishing chemical-specific
health-related goals of remedial actions. If applicable,
chemical-specific subchronic and chronic toxicity inter-
im acceptable intakes are determined for systemic
toxicants, or q(sub 1)* values are determined for car-
cinogens for both oral and inhalation routes. A subch-
ronic and chronic interim acceptable intake was deter-
mined for selenium (and compounds) based on oral
exposure, and a chronic interim acceptable intake was
determined based on inhalation exposure.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Industrial hygiene,
"Toxicology, 'Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties. Ecology,
"Selenium, 'Selenium inorganic compounds, Occu-
pational safety and health, 'Toxic substances Envi-
ronmental health, Pharmacokinetics, Path of pollut-
ants.
506 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB86-135159/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistratlon of Pesticide
Products Containing Norflurazon as the Active In-
redient.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Dec 84,106p EPA/540/RS-84/024
The document contains information regarding reregis-
tration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Standards, "Guidelines, Ge-
netics, Packaging, Labels, Marking, Hazardous materi-
als, Chlorine organic compounds, Tables(Data), Ecolo-
gy, Agricultural products, Manufacturing, Public health,
Regulations, 'Reregistration, 'Toxic substances,
'Norflurazon, Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Ro-
denticide Act, Pyridazinone/chloro-(methylamino)-(tri-
fluoro-tolyl).
PB86-135175/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Single-Laboratory Evaluation of the RCRA (Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act) Method
for Analysis of Dloxln in Hazardous Waste,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
F. L. Shore, T. L. Vonnahme, C. M. Hedin, J. R.
Donnelly, and W. J. Niederhut. Nov 85,68p EPA/600/
4-85/082
Contract EPA-68-03-3050
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Single-laboratory testing of RCRA Method 8280 for the
analysis of chlorinated dibenzop-dioxins and dibenzo-
furans has been initiated on sample matrices including
pottery clay soil, a Missouri soil, a fly ash, a still bottom
from a chlorophenol-based herbicide production proc-
ess, and an industrial process sludge. The analytical
method was intended for use in the determination of
chlorinated dioxin and dibenzofuran homologs with
four, five, or six chlorine atoms per molecule. Revi-
sions to the method that were found necessary for sat-
isfactory analytical performance have been developed
and have been incorporated into a revised version of
the method. Single-laboratory testing of method 8280
with minor revisions demonstrated satisfactory per-
formance for the target analytes on soil and fly ash
samples. Further modification and elaboration of
sample cleanup procedures were necessary for analy-
sis of the still bottom and industrial sludge samples.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Hazardous materials,
'Solid waste disposal. Soil analysis, Fly ash, Sludge
disposal, Performance evaluation, Industrial wastes,
Chlorine organic compounds, Herbicides,
'Dioxin(Herbicides), "EPA method 8280, "Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act, Dibenzodioxin/ietra-
chloro, Dibenzofuran/tetrachloro.
PB86-135308/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Colorado, Water Year
1984. Volume 3. Dolores River Basin, Qreen River
Basin, and San Juan River Basin. Water-data rept.
(Annual) 1 Oct 83-30 Sep 84,
Geological Survey, Lakewood, CO. Water Resources
Div.
A. C. Duncan, R. C. Ugland, J. D. Bennett, and E. A.
Wilson. Jun 85,354p USGS/WRD/HD-85/245,
USGS/WDR/CO-84/3
See also PB85-123859.
Water-resources data for Colorado for the 1984 water
year consist of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage, contents and water quality of
lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water qual-
ity of wells and springs. The report contains discharge
records for 352 gaging stations, stage and contents of
23 lakes and reservoirs, 4 partial-record low-flow sta-
tions, peak flow information for 32 crest-stage partial
record stations, and 1 miscellaneous sites; water qual-
ity for 126 gaging stations and 275 miscellaneous
sites; and water levels for 55 observation wells. Six
pertinent stations in bordering States also are included
in this report.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Surface waters, "Colora-
do, Water quality, Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes,
Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Temperature,
Tables(Data), Dolores River, Green River, San Juan
River, "Water quality data, "Hydrologic data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB86-135381/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Coal/D-RDF (Denslfied Refuse Derived Fuel) Co-
Firing Protect, Milwaukee County, Wisconsin,
Milwaukee County Government, Wl.
R. S. Hecklinger, and F. R. Rehm. Nov 85,89p EPA/
600/2-85/136
Grant EPA-R-806336-01-2
Prepared in cooperation with Velzy (Charles R.) Asso-
ciates, Inc., Armonk, NY. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste
Engineering Research Lab.
A Research and Development Project was carried out
to mix a denslfied refuse derived fuel with coal at the
fuel receiving point and to co-fire the mixture in a
spreader-stoker fired boiler. Two basic series of test
runs were conducted. For the first series, coal was
fired to establish a 'base line' condition. For the
second series, a mixture of coal and densified refuse
derived fuel was fired. The report describes the equip-
ment used to density refuse derived fuel, procedures
used to prepare and handle the coal and densified
refuse derived fuel mixture and the test results. The re-
sults include the effect of the coal and densified refuse
derived fuel mixture on plant operations, boiler effi-
ciency, stack emissions and EP toxicity.
Keywords: "Coal, "Stokers, Mixtures, Fuels, Boilers,
Performance evaluation, Toxicity, Air pollution, Equip-
ment, Combustion products, "Refuse derived fuels,
"Combustion, Baseline measurements, Waste utiliza-
tion, Milwaukee County(Wisconsin).
PB86-135407/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Investigation of Parasites In Sludges and Disin-
fection Techniques. Final rept. Aug 79-May 82,
Tulane Univ., New Orleans, LA. School of Public
Health and Tropical Medicine.
R. S. Reimers, M. D. Little, A. J. Englande, D. B.
McDonell, and D. D. Bowman. Nov 85,252p EPA/
600/1-85/022
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The objectives of the research grant were to: assess
the presence and densities of resistant stages of para-
sites in municipal wastewater sludges (sewage) in
northern United States; compare the results of the
study with the results of our previous study of sludges
in southern United States; to evaluate several decon-
tamination techniques for their effectiveness in inacti-
vating parasites in waste sludges; and develop a
standard method for the parasitologic examination of
waste sludges. Sludge samples from all phases of
treatment (i.e., primary, etc.) were collected during the
fall, winter and summer from 48 municipal wastewater
treatment plants located in New York, Ohio, Minneso-
ta, and Washington.
Keywords: 'Parasites, "Wastewater, 'Sludge, 'Disin-
fection, Municipalities, Standards, Tests, Laboratories,
Density(Mass/volume), Parasitology, Concentrating'
Sampling, Evaluation, Sewage treatment plants.
PB86-135639/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Variability In Patterns of Acid Deposition Result-
ing from Climatologfcal Variability,
Argonne National Lab., IL.
J. D. Shannon, B. M. Lesht, and P. J. Samson. Dec 85
8p EPA/600/D-85/292
Prepared in cooperation with Michigan Univ., Ann
Arbor. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric
Sciences Research Lab.
Seasonal variability of sulfur wet deposition predictions
have been assessed for a six-year period (1976-1981)
From a 1980 S02 emissions data base and a 1076-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
cal Trajectory Regional Air Pollution (ASTRAP) model
produced 30 seasonal and annual sulfur wet deposi-
tion patterns and source-receptor matrices for North
America. In addition, patterns of the coefficients of var-
iation were also produced. The annual wet deposition
patterns were very similar with the maximum amounts
predicted across eastern Ohio, western Pennsylvania
and northern West Virginia. Variability of the seasonal
patterns was more pronounced, especially for winter.
The coefficients of variation were the smallest where
the maximum depositions were predicted and greater
in remote regions.
Keywords: 'Sulfur, 'Air pollution, 'Transport proper-
ties, Climatology, Sulfur dioxide, Ohio, West Virginia,
Pennsylvania, Climatic changes, 'Wet deposition,
'Acid rain, Advanced statistical trajectory regional air
pollution model.
PB86-135647/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Demonstration of Service Lateral Testing and Re-
habilitation Techniques. Final rept. Oct 81-Jun 84,
Westech Engineering, Inc., Salem, OR.
C. H. Steketee. Nov 85, 123p EPA/600/2-85/131
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The rehabilitation of sanitary sewers, significantly re-
ducing infiltration/inflow has been difficult to achieve.
A major reason for the disappointing l/l reductions
achieved by many sewer rehabilitation efforts is the in-
ability to satisfactorily locate and repair faulty service
laterals. Service laterals are frequently major l/l con-
tributors. The identification of l/l contributing service
laterals is often difficult. Few methods and little equip-
ment have been developed to either locate faulty serv-
ice laterals or repair them. This project utilized and
evaluated most service lateral testing, and repair
methods used in the USA today.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Sanitary sewers,
Fluid infiltration, Tests, Maintenance, Replacing,
Grout, Installing, Polyethylene, Linings, Cost effective-
ness, Lateral tests, 'Insituform liners.
PB66-1356S4/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Protocol Development (or the Prediction of the
Fate of Organic Priority Pollutants In Biological
Wastewater Treatment Systems. Final rept. 1 Jun
78-31 May 80,
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN.
E. J. Kirsch, C. P. L. Grady, and R. F. Wukasch. Dec
85,162p EPA/600/2-85/141
Grant EPA-R-805858
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Research was conducted on biodegradability of toxic
and/or hazardous organic priority pollutant com-
pounds. The studies have produced a biodegradation
testing protocol to provide a scientific basis for predict-
ing the fate of these compounds in typical activated
sludge treatment plants that employ anaerobic diges-
tion as a method of solids stabilization. The biodegra-
dation protocol includes a three-level approach for
aerobic studies. The testing procedure focuses on the
study of (1) biodegradability of substrate including ki-
netics and effluent quality as a function of solids reten-
tion time; (2) partitioning and intermedia transport in-
cluding volatilization ancl sorption; and (3) toxicity to
activated sludge systems and to anaerobic digestion.
Keywords: 'Activated sludge process, 'Sewage treat-
ment, Hazardous materials, Biodeterioration, Anaero-
bic processes, Kinetics, Sludge digestion, Toxicity,
Substrates, Phenols, Chlorine organic compounds,
Vaporizing, Sorption, Biological treatment, Phenol/
pentachloro.
PB86-135753/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD. Div. of Cancer
Etiology.
Proceedings of the NCI/EPA/NIOSH (National
Cancer Inst./Envlronmental Protection Agency/
National Inat. for Occupational Safety and Health)
Collaborative Workshop (3rd): Progress on Joint
Environmental and Occupational Cancer Studies
Held at Bethesda, Maryland on March 22-23,1984,
Technical Resources, Inc., Rockville, MD.
B. Campbell, T. P. Cameron, R. H. Adamson, I. C.
Blackwood, and J. Olbrich. Mar 84,723p
Sponsored by National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD.
Div. of Cancer Etiology, National Inst, for Occupational
Safety and Health, Rockville, MD., and Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
A collaborate and exchange program on Environmen-
tal and Occupational Cancer Studies supported by the
Cancer Institute under an interagency agreement with
EPA & NIOSH.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Industrial medi-
cine, 'Meetings, Exposure, Toxicity, Inspection, Haz-
ardous materials, 'Toxic substances, 'Occupational
safety and health, 'Indoor air pollution, 'Cancer.
PB86-135787/HSU	PC E99/MF E99
Application for Certification 1986 Model Year
Ught-Duty Vehicles.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1985,17015p-in13v
Set includes PB86-135795 through PB86-135910.
No abstract available.
PB86-13S79S/HSU	PC E14/MF EOS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1986 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Alfa Romeo.
Alfa Romeo, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
1985,305p EPA/460/A-86/1
See also PB86-135803, and PB84-124395. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 13 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB86-135787.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Motor vehicle engines,
Air pollution control, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Exhaust emissions. Performance
evaluation, Automotive fuels, Maintenance, 'Light duty
vehicles, Motor vehicles)1885 models), Certification.
PB86-136803/HSU	PC E15/MF EOS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1986 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - BMW.
BMW of North America, Inc., Montvale, NJ.
1965,349p EPA/460/A-86/2
See also PB86-135795, PB86-135811, and PB85-
136521. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 13 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB86-135787.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Motor vehicle engines,
Air pollution control, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Exhaust emissions, Performance
evaluation, Automotive fuels, Maintenance, 'Light duty
vehicles, Motor vehicles(1985 models), Certification.
PB86-135811/HSU	PC E99/MF E08
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1986 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Chrysler.
Chrysler Corp., Detroit, Ml.
1985,2357p EPA/460/A-86/3
See also PB86-135803, PB86-135829, and PB85-
136539. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 13 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB86-135787,
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Motor vehicle engines,
Air pollution control, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Exhaust emissions, Performance
evaluation, Automotive fuels, Maintenance, 'Light duty
vehicles, Motor vehicles(1985 models), Certification.
PB86-13S829/HSU	PC E99/MF E07
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1986 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - General Motors.
General Motors Proving Ground, Milford, Ml.
1985,2067p EPA/460/A-86/4
See also PB86-135811, PB86-135637, and PB85-
136547. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 13 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB86-135787.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, sen/Ice accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Motor vehicle engines,
Air pollution control, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Exhaust emissions, Performance
evaluation, Automotive fuels, Maintenance, 'Light duty
vehicles, Motor vehicles(1985 models), Certification.
PB88-135837/HSU	PC E17/MF EOS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1986 Model Year
Ught-Duty Vehicles • Honda.
American Honda Motor Co., Inc., Gardena, CA.
1985,459p EPA/460/A-86/5
See also PB86-135829, PB86-135845, and PB85-
186302. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 13 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB86-135787.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Motor vehicles, 'Motor vehicle engines,
Air pollution control, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Exhaust emissions, Automotive,
"Emission control, "Light duty vehicles, Motor vehi-
cles(1985 models), "Certification, American Honda
Motor Company, Incorporated, Fugitive emissions.
PBS6-135845/HSU	PC E99/MF E08
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1986 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Isuzu.
Isuzu Motors America, Inc., Southfield Ml
1985, 2602p EPA/460/A-86/6
See also PB86-135837, PB86-135852, and PB84-
178086. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 13 reports PC E99/MF E99
PB86-135787.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Automobiles, Exhaust emissions, Exhaust
systems, Automotive industry, Air pollution control.
Regulations, Manufacturers, Fuel systems, Automo-
bile engines, "Light duty vehicles, "Isuzu automobiles,
"Emission control, Fugitive emissions, Motor vehi-
cles(1984 models), Certification, "Compliance, Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Isuzu Motors America,
Incorporated, Emission tests.
PB86-135852/HSU	PC E09/MF E05
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1986 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Jaguar.
Jaguar Rover Triumph, Inc., Leonia, NJ.
1985,131 p EPA/460/A-86/7
See also PB86-135845, PB86-135860, and PB84-
124460. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 13 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB86-135787.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
508 Vol. 90, No. 24
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Motor vehicles, "Motor vehicle engines,
Air pollution control. Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Exhaust emissions, Performance
evaluation, Automotive fuels, Maintenance, "Light duty
vehicles, Motor vehicles(1985 models), Certification.
PB86-135860/HSU	PC E20/MF E05
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1986 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Mazda.
Mazda (North America), Inc., Farmington Hills, Ml.
1985, 697p EPA/460/A-86/8
See also PB86-135852, PB86-135878, and PB85-
136554. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 13 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB86-135787.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Motor vehicles, "Motor vehicle engines,
Air pollution control, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Exhaust emissions, Performance
evaluation, Automotive fuels, Maintenance, "Light duty
vehicles, Motor vehicles{1985 models), Certification.
PB86-135878/HSU	PC E18/MF EOS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1986 Model Year
Ught-Duty Vehicles - Mitsubishi.
Mitsubishi Motors Corp., Tokyo (Japan).
1985,467p EPA/460/A-86/9
See also PB86-135860, PB86-135886, and PB85-
186310. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 13 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB86-135787.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Motor vehicles, "Motor vehicle engines,
Air pollution control, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Fuel systems. Exhaust emissions, Performance
evaluation, Automotive fuels, Maintenance, "Light duty
vehicles, Motor vehicles(1985 models), Certification.
PB86-135886/HSU	PC E99/MF EOS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1986 Model Year
Ught-Duty Vehicles - Nissan.
Nissan Motor Co. Ltd., Yokohama (Japan).
1985,2696p EPA/460/A-86/10
See also PB86-135878, PB86-135894, and PB85-
186328. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 13 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB86-135787.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine/vehicle parameters such as basic engine
design, fuel systems, ignition systems and exhaust and
evaporative emission control systems. It also provides
information on emission test procedures, service accu-
mulation procedures, fuels to be used, and proposed
maintenance requirements to be followed during test-
ing. Section 16 of the application contains the results
of emission testing, a statement of compliance to the
regulations, production engine parameters, and a
Summary Sheet Input Form on which issuance of a
Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, "Motor vehicle engines,
Air pollution control, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Fuel systems. Exhaust emissions, Performance
evaluation, Automotive fuels, Maintenance, "Light duty
vehicles, Motor vehicles(1985 models). Certification.
PB86-135894/HSU	PC E99/MF E07
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1986 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - American Motors Corpora-
tion/Renault.
American Motors Corp., Detroit, Ml.
1985,1454p EPA/460/A-86/11
See also PB86-135886, PB86-135902, and PB85-
136513. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 13 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB86-135787.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Motor vehicles, "Motor vehicle engines,
Air pollution control, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Exhaust emissions, Performance
evaluation, Automotive fuels. Maintenance, "Light duty
vehicles, Motor vehicles(1985 models). Certification.
PB86-135902/HSU	PC E16/MF EOS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1986 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Rolls Royce.
Rolls Royce Motors, Inc., Lyndhurst, NJ.
1985,340p EPA/460/A-86/12
See also PB86-135894. PB86-135910, and PB84-
124510. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington. DC.
Also available in set of 13 reports PC E99/MF E99
PB86-135787.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle- parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, "Motor vehicle engines,
Air pollution control, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Exhaust emissions, Performance
evaluation, Automotive fuels, Maintenance, "Light duty
vehicles, Motor vehiclesO 985 models), Certification.
PB86-135910/HSU	PC E99/MF E09
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application (or Certification 1986 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Volkswagen/Audi.
Volkswagen of America, Inc., Ann Arbor, Ml.
1985,3091 p EPA/460/A-86/13
See also PB86-135902, and PB85-136620. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 13 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB86-135787.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Motor vehicles, "Motor vehicle engines,
Air pollution control, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Exhaust emissions, Performance
evaluation, Automotive fuels, Maintenance, 'Light duty
vehicles, Motor vehicles(1985 models), Certification.
PB86-135928/HSU	PC E14/MF EOS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1986 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicles - General Motors Corpora-
tion.
General Motors Proving Ground, Milford, Ml.
1985, 315p EPA/460/A-86/14
See also PB85-186369. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Trucks, "Truck engines, Air pollution con-
trol, Exhaust emissions, Exhaust systems, Fuel sys-
tems, Automotive industry, Regulations, "Emission
control, "Heavy duty engines, Heavy duty en-
gines(1986 models), Motor vehicles!1986 models), Fu-
gitive emissions, "Certification, General Motors Corpo-
ration.
PB88-138033/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Perception of Lake Water Resource Management,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
E. E. Geldreich. Dec 85,24p EPA/600/D-85/296
Lakes, impoundments, and reservoirs are complex en-
vironments. Many interacting factors determine water
quality and recreational use potential. Each lake or
reservoir is different and presents unique problems to
water supply treatment operation and to full enjoyment
by the public. Only through implementation of lake
management strategies that include a well designed
monitoring program and responsive action plan can
there be optimum use of this water resource.
Keywords: "Water quality management, "Lakes, Man-
agement, Recreation, Flood control, Esthetics, Boats,
Swimming, Areas, Environmental impacts, Bacteria,
Case studies.
PB86-136041/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) Bibliog-
raphy. Final rept. May 84-Sep 85,
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Environmental Engi-
neering Sciences.
W. C. Huber, J. P. Heaney, and B. A. Cunningham. Dec
85, 66p EPA/600/3-85/077
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Athens,
GA.
Available literature sources were reviewed to locate
references to the theory, documentation, use, or other
activities related to the EPA Storm Water Management
Model (SWMM). Listed in the annotated bibliography
are 237 such citations, along with keywords and brief
abstracts. The references also are indexed by an al-
phabetical listing of keywords. The bibliography repre-
sents the best source of information on case studies
and model documentation available to the SWMM
user.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Water quality management,
"Mathematical models, "Bibliographies, Urban areas,
Watersheds, Drainage, Storm sewers, Water flow,
Combined sewers, Storm water runoff, SWMM model.
PB86-1360S8/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Development of Method for Semlvolatlle Organic
Priority Pollutants in Fish,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
T. M. Engel. Dec 85,89p EPA/600/4-85/081
Contract EPA-68-03-1760
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring and Support
Lab.-Cincinnati, OH.
A method was developed for the determination of neu-
tral and acidic priority pollutant compounds in fish
tissue. Priority pollutant compounds are extracted from
the fish tissue during homogenization of the tissue in
acetonitrile. The acetonitrile extract is isolated from
the tissue after centrifuging and placed in a tumbling
bottle containing salted water buffered to pH 4, methyl
t-butyl ether (MTBE), and petroleum ether. The mixture
is equilibrated by tumbling and a portion of the organic
layer is isolated after drying over sodium sulfate. The
acetonitrile partitioning step serves to remove a por-
tion of the extractable fish lipid material from the priori-
ty pollutant compounds. The organic extract is con-
centrated and the remaining interfering lipid material is
removed using a gel permeation chromatography
(GPC) procedure.
Keywords: "Tests, "Fishes, "Water pollution, Acidity,
Tissues(Biology), Neutralizing, Centrifuging, pH,
Buffers(Chemistry), Lipids, Detection, Gels, Extraction,
Gas chromatography, Mass spectroscopy, Priorities.
PB86-136086/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Dynamic Dilution System for Auditing AmMent
Sulfur Dioxide Analyzers,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Div.
W. F. Barnard. Dec 85,12p EPA/600/D-85/295
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has the re-
sponsibility to assess the accuracy of the air monitor-
ing data submitted to it by the state and local agencies
throughout the United States. This task is accom-
plished through audits administered by the National
Performance Audit Program. This paper discusses a
device utilized by this program to provide accurate
sulfur dioxide concentrations suitable for auditing the
accuracy of continuous, ambient S02 analyzers. De-
signed to be mailed to the audited agency, this com-
pact, lightweight device has proven to be a reliable and
accurate S02 audit system. The development, evalua-
tion, acceptance tests, and five years of field audit
data are presented.
Keywords: "Gas detectors, "Sulfur dioxide, "Auditing,
"Air	pollution,	Assessments,
Concentration(Composition), Dynamics, Design, Per-
formance evaluation, State government, "Air pollution
detection.
PB86-136074/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Factors Affecting the Corrosion of
Weathering Steel,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
F. H. Haynie. Dec 85,12p EPA/600/D-85/294
Weathering steel samples were exposed for periods of
up to 30 months at nine air monitoring sites in the St.
Louis, Missouri area. Climatic and air quality data were
recorded during the exposure period and subjected to
a rigorous evaluation to eliminate recording errors and
to estimate missing values. Weight loss was used as
the measure of steel corrosion. Corrosion rate was
evaluated with respect to, (1) flux of pollutants to the
steel during both wet and diy periods. (2) temperature,
and (3) exposure history. Different definitions of when
the steel was wet were evaluated to determine the
most likely 'critical relative humidity.' Non-linear multi-
ple regression techniques were used to determine the
statistical significance of each factor and develop a
theoretically consistent environmental damage func-
tion.
Keywords: "Corrosion, "Steels, Weathering, Corrosion
environments, Weight measurement, Contaminants,
Temperature, Humidity, Regression analysis, Expo-
sure.
PB86-136157/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Construction Quality Assurance for Hazardous
Waste Land Disposal Facilities: Public Comment
Draft,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
C. M. Northeim, and R. S. Truesdale. Oct 85,114p
EPA/530/SW-85/021
Contract EPA-68-02-3992
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The document presents elements of a construction
quality assurance plan that should be addressed
during the permit application procedure for a specific
site. These elements include: (1) areas of responsibil-
ity and lines of authority in executing the plan; (2) requi-
site qualifications of the construction quality assurance
personnel; (3) observations and tests to be performed
as part of quality assurance activity during construc-
tion; (4) sampling requirements (including sampling
frequency, size, and location; acceptance and rejec-
tion criteria; and corrective action procedures); and (5)
documentation. The document also discusses man-
agement of quality for the construction or installation
of foundations, dikes, low-permeability soil liners, flexi-
ble membrane liners, leachate collection systems, and
cover systems.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Licenses, "Quality
assurance, 'Construction management, 'Solid waste
disposal, Linings, Leaching, Covers, Sampling, Sites,
Membranes, Permeability, Public opinion, "Land dis-
posal, "Waste management.
PB88-138185/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Modeling of S02 Removal in Spray-Dryer Flue-
Gas Desulfurizatlon System. Final rept. Nov 83-Jun
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A. S. Damle. Dec 85,86p REPT-47U-2247-4, EPA/
600/7-85/038
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report presents a comprehensive mathematical
model of the S02 removal process in a spray-dryer
flue-gas desulfurization system. Simultaneous evapo-
ration of a sorbent droplet and absorption/reaction of
S02 in the droplet are described by the corresponding
heat- and mass-transfer rate relations. Dissolution ki-
netics of lime particles within a slurry droplet is includ-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ed in determining the overall S02 removal rate. The
model identifies several important parameters which
need to be estimated or determined from experimental
data. The report also includes a computer program,
'SPRAYMOD,' written in Basic language, to predict
S02 removal in a spray dryer, based on the model de-
veloped. The program is user oriented and easy to
use. The contribution of particulate collection equip-
ment, a baghouse and an electrostatic precipitator,
toward overall S02 removal is also discussed.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, * Air pollution control equip-
ment, 'Mathematical models, Sorbents, Absorption,
Heat transfer, Mass transfer, Computer programs, Re-
action kinetics, Electrostatic precipitators, Flue gases,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Basic pro-
gramming language, 'Flue gas desulfurization sys-
tems, 'Spray drying, Baghouses, SPRAYMOD com-
puter program.
PB86-136173	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Three-State Study of Waterborne Disease Surveil-
lance Techniques. Journal article,
Washington State Dept. of Social and Health Services,
Olympia.
L. Harter, F. Frost, R. Vogt, A. A. Little, and R. Hopkins.
C1985, 3p EPA/600/J-85/241
Contracts EPA-68-03-3059, EPA-68-03-2967
Sponsored by Contract EPA-68-03-2927. Prepared in
cooperation with Vermont State Dept. of Health, Bur-
lington, and Colorado Dept. of Health, Denver. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Pub. in American Jnl. of Public Health, v75 n11 p1327-
1328 Nov 85.
For a two-year period, the states of Colorado, Vermont
and Washington tested the effectiveness of seven sur-
veillance methods for identifying waterborne disease
outbreaks. Six of the methods were termed active and
utilized procedures soliciting reports of illness. The
seventh method was termed passive and was the tra-
ditional waterborne disease surveillance method,
which relies upon voluntary reporting of illness, used
by all three states prior to the study. For the purpose of
this study, passive surveillance was enhanced through
publicity and communication with the public health pro-
fession to encourage the voluntary reporting of illness.
One waterborne disease outbreak was identified
through use of the six active methods while 16 were re-
ported through enhanced passive surveillance. The 17
outbreaks represented a 20% increase in occurrence
over a two-year period prior to the study.
Keywords: Surveillance, Effectiveness, Identifying,
Public health, Reprints, 'Waterborne diseases, Water
pollution control.
PB86-136181	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Peroxyacetyl Nitrate: Measurement of Its Muta-
genic Activity Using the 'SalmonellaVMammalian
Microsome Reversion Assay. Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
T. E. Kleindienst, P. B. Shepson, E. 0. Edney, and L. D.
Claxton. C1985, 7p EPA/600/J-85/237
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in Mutation Research 157, p123-128 1985.
Exposures of Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100,
with and without S9 metabolic activation, to low ppm
levels of pure peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) in the gas
phase were conducted. Measurements of the gas
phase PAN exposure concentration and the concen-
tration of its decomposition products in surrogate test
media led to a measured mutagenic activity of 34 plus
or minus 5 revertants/micromoles. The data indicated
that PAN is a relatively weak direct-acting mutagen
with TA100.
Keywords: 'Bacteria, 'Toxicology, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, Salmonella ty-
phimurium, CAS 2278-22-0, 'Peroxyacetyl nitrate,
'Mutagenesis.
PB86-136199	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
510 Vol. 90, No. 24
New Concepts in the Diagnosis of Mineral Pneu-
moconioses. Journal article,
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC.
V. L. Roggli, and J. D. Shelburne. c1982,13p EPA/
600/J-82/039
Grant EPA-R-807560
Prepared in cooperation with Veterans Administration
Medical Center, Durham, NC. Sponsored by Health Ef-
fects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in Seminars in Respiratory Medicine, v4 n2 p138-
148 Oct 82.
Pulmonary disease related to inorganic dust exposure
has been recognized for a long time, but it has gained
increasing attention from clinicians, pathologists, and
other health care professionals in recent years. Certain
pathologic reactions, such as dense, rather acellular
hyalinized nodules in silicosis, peribronchiolar intersti-
tial fibrosis in asbestosis, and intra-alveolar and inter-
stitial accumulation of anthracotic-laden macrophages
in coal workers' pneumoconiosis, are patterns well
recognized by pathologists as relating to specific inor-
ganic dust exposure. However, the lung has a limited
repertoire of response to injury, and although certain
patterns such as noncaseating granulomata in sar-
coidosis, diffuse interstitial fibrosis of usual interstitial
pneumonitis, accumulation of large numbers of intra-
alveolar macrophages in desquamative interstitial
pneumonitis and of a peculiar lipoproteinaceous mate-
rial in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis are largely asso-
ciated with diseases of unknown origin.
Keywords: 'Respiratory diseases, 'Pneumoconiosis,
Diagnosis, Exposure, Pathology, Dust, Minerals, Re-
prints.
PB86-136207	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis of Vital
Dye (Erythrosin B) Stained Cells. Journal article,
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC.
S. R. Walker, P. Ingram, and J. D. Shelburne. c1984,
4p EPA/600/J-84/353
Grant EPA-R-807560
Prepared in cooperation with Veterans Administration
Medical Center, Durham, NC., and Research Triangle
Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC. Sponsored by
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Pub. in Jnl. of Microscopy, v133 pt2 pRP3-RP4 Feb 84.
One serious problem encountered during microprobe
studies of freeze-dried frozen sections is that it is diffi-
cult or impossible to identify healthy versus injured
cells using morphologic criteria. There is a need for an
independent method to identify cells which have lost
plasma membrane integrity. Vital dyes such as trypan
blue and erythrosin B have been used for many years
in light microscopic studies of the viability of cultured
cells. It is generally accepted that cells which stain
positively (i.e., take up the dye) have lost plasma mem-
brane integrity and are lethally injured. Since erythrosin
B is iodinated, the authors were able to show that le-
thally injured cells were iodine positive, and that iodine
positive cultured cells would show evidence of some of
the ion shifts that are thought to occur in severe cell
injury.
Keywords: *Dyes, *X-rays, 'Cells(Biology), Microsco-
py, Energy, Reprints, 'Erythrosin.
PB86-136215	Not available NTIS
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Measurement of Fugitive Atmospheric Emissions
of Polychlorinated Biphenyls from Hazardous
Waste Landfills. Journal article,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
R. G. Lewis, B. E. Martin, D. L. Sgontz, and J. E.
Howes. C1985, 7p EPA/600/J-85/243
Contract EPA-68-02-3745
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v19
n10 p986-991 Oct 85.
Four landfills known to contain large quantities of poly-
chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were monitored for at-
mospheric emissions: Three of these were uncon-
trolled and contained large numbers of electrical ca-
pacitors, many of which were scattered on the surface
and leaking PCB askarel fluids. The other is a state-of-
the-art PCB waste landfill designed to exceed the re-
quirements of the Toxic Substances Control Act of
1978 (ToSCA) for PCB disposal. High atmospheric
PCB concentrations were measured at the uncon-
trolled sites, while air levels were at or near back-
ground at the ToSCA-designed landfill. PCBs were de-
tected at low levels in gas vents at the latter site.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Earthfills, "Air pol-
lution,	'Solid	waste	disposal,
Concentration(Composition), Sites, Quality assurance,
Performance evaluation, Monitors, Leaching, Reprints,
'Polychlorinated biphenyls, 'Air pollution sampling,
Toxic Substance Control Act of 1978, State of the art.
PB86-136223	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Preparation of Biological Tissue Sections for Cor-
relative ion, Electron, and Light Microscopy. Jour-
nal article,
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC.
K. G. Kupke, J. P. Pickett, P. Ingram, D. P. Griffis, and
R. W. Linton. C1984,12p EPA/600/J-84/354
Grant EPA-R-807560
Prepared in cooperation with Veterans Administration
Medical Center, Durham, NC., Research Triangle Inst.,
Research Triangle Park, NC., and North Carolina Univ.
at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Chemistry. Sponsored by
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Pub. in Jnl. of Electron Microscopy Technique 1, p299-
3091984.
In order to correctly interpret the chemical images ob-
tained using ion microscopy (IM), it is useful to corre-
late them with the information provided by convention-
al light microscopy (LM), secondary electron imaging
(SEI), backscattered electron imaging (BEI), and elec-
tron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Accordingly, the au-
thors have devised a technique of specimen prepara-
tion which allows for the application of several different
microanalytical techniques to a single histologic sec-
tion mounted on the same substrate. Sections are cut
onto polyester plastic coverslips (devoid of peaks for
any element with atomic number >9 using EPMA) and
studied by LM. After a light rotary coating with carbon
(to prevent charging), the section can then be exam-
ined by SEI, BET, and EPMA. Specific areas can be
marked for IM study either with an objective-mounted
pin tissue microlocater, or by placing small pieces of
metal foil, cut in specific geometric shapes, over fea-
tures of interest.
Keywords: 'Electron microscopy, Microscopy,
Tissues(Biology), Reprints, *lon microscopy.
PB86-136231	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Correlative Surface Analysis Studies of Environ-
mental Particles. Journal article.
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Chemistry.
M. E. Farmer, and R. W. Linton. C1984,9p EPA/600/J-
84/351
Grant EPA-R-807560
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v18
n5 p319-326 1984.
Various surface analysis techniques (scanning elec-
tron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray microanaly-
sis (SEM/EDX), electron spectroscopy for chemical
analysis (ESCA), and secondary ion mass spectrome-
try (SIMS) were evaluated in a correlative regimen for
the chemical characterization of particulate pollutants.
Analytical capabilities were demonstrated by using
particles derived from steel blast furnaces. The ESCA
studies of 'bottom ashes' suggest highly water-soluble
species enriched in sulfates on particles consisting pri-
marily of iron oxides. The unique combination of direct
surface analysis and time-resolved solvent leaching
experiments enables the relative importance of the
two factors to be estimated for individual elements of
environmental interest.
Keywords: 'Surface analysis, 'Particles, 'Air pollution
'Furnaces, X ray analysis, Iron oxides, Metals, Elec-
tron spectroscopy, Chemical analysis. Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Leaching, Scanning
electron microscopy, Secondary ion mass spectrosco-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-136S04/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Survey of Chloroform Emission Sources. Final
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
S. Dulestsky, R. Rehm, and M. Smith. Oct 85,225p
EPA/450/3-85/026
The potential public health impact of chloroform expo-
sure is being investigated. The document contains in-
formation on the sources of chloroform emissions, cur-
rent emission levels, control methods that could be
used to reduce chloroform emissions, and cost esti-
mates for employing controls.
Keywords: 'Chloroform, "Air pollution control, "Public
health, Industrial wastes, Regulations, Exposure, Cost
estimates, Concentration(Composition), Sources,
Chemical industry, Chemical reactions, Pesticides, Air
water interfaces, Potable water, Grain crops, Assess-
ments, Drug industry, Paper industry, Water pollution,
Water treatment, "Air quality standards, Clean Air Act.
PB86-136S20/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Evaluation of Methods for Hazardous Chemicals
Listed In Appendix D to 40 CFR 122 (Table 5).
Rept. for May 84-Mar 85,
Battelle Columbus Div., OH.
T. F. Cole, S. V. Lucas, and W. M. Cooke. Dec 85,123p
EPA/600/4-86/001
Contract EPA-68-03-1760
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring and Support
Lab.-Cincinnati, OH.
Of 75 organic compounds listed in Appendix D to 40
CRF 122 (Table V), 24 compounds have not been pre-
viously shown amenable to existing EPA Methods for
analysis in water and wastewater. The present work
reports on 17 of those 24 compounds using 600 Meth-
ods with appropriate modification. The approach was
to demonstrate performance in the areas: (1) chroma-
tography - using fused silica capillary columns, (2) ex-
traction and concentration, and (3) cleanup. When at-
tempts were successful, the integrated method was
tested for accuracy and precision. A purge-and-trap
approach was shown to have substantial problems
with the volatile amines. An automated heated head-
space/capillary column method worked poorly for
monoalkyl amines. A specially prepared column pack-
ing was effective for all of the volatile amines. No
method development was achieved for either ethanol-
amine or isopropanolamine.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Chemical com-
pounds, "Water analysis, Tables(Data), Performance
evaluation, Chromatographic analysis, Extraction, Re-
visions, Chemical analysis, "Water pollution detection,
Purge and trap techniques, Procedures.
PB86-136536/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Method
Study 32: Method 450.1 - Total Organic Halldes
(TOX),
Montgomery (James M.), Inc., Pasadena, CA.
C. H. Tate, B. M. Chow, R. R. Clark, N. E. Grams, and
L. K. Hashimoto. Dec 85, 79p EPA/600/4-85/080
Contract EPA-68-03-3163
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring and Support
Lab.-Cincinnati, OH.
The report describes the interlaboratory method study
that was performed to evaluate interim Method 450.1
for total organic halides (TOX). In the method, a meas-
ured volume of water is passed through two columns in
series each containing 40 mg of activated charcoal.
Organic halides (OX) present in the water are ad-
sorbed onto the charcoal which is washed to eliminate
trapped inorganic halides. The contents of the col-
umns are then pyrolzed converting the halides to titrat-
able species that are measured microcoulometrically.
In this study, three water matrices, reagent water,
ground water, and surface water were spiked at six
concentrations with a solution containing a combina-
tion of four model compounds. These were lindane,
bromoform, pentachlorophenol, and tetrachloroeth-
ene. A chlorinated drinking water diluted to four con-
centrations with distilled water were also analyzed.
Ten laboratories participated in the study. Data ob-
tained were analyzed using a standardized package
known as Interlaboratory Method Validation Study
(IMVS), which is designed to implement the recom-
mendations of ASTM Standard D-2777. The IMVS
package includes rejection of outliers; estimation of
mean recovery as a measure of bias; estimation of
single-analyst and overall precision, and tests for ef-
fects of water type on these parameters.
Keywords: "Water analysis, "Water pollution, 'Halo-
gen organic compounds, Pesticides, Performance
evaluation, Couiometers, Chemical analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Lindane, Bromoform,
Surface water, Ground water, Potable water, *EPA
method 450.1, 'Water pollution detection, Procedures,
Phenol/pentachloro, Ethene/tetrachloro.
PB8S-136546/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
CDM 2.0 (Climatological Dispersion Model - Ver-
sion 2.0) User's Guide. Final rept.,
Aerocomp, Inc., Costa Mesa, CA.
J. S. Irwin, T. Chico, and J. Catalano. Nov 85,151 p
EPA/600/8-85/029
Contract EPA-68-02-3750
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
CDM-2.0 (Climatological Dispersion Model - Version
2.0) determines longterm (seasonal or annual) quasi-
stable pollutant concentrations in rural or urban set-
tings using average emission rates from point and area
sources and a joint frequency distribution of wind di-
rection, wind speed, and stability. The Gaussian plume
hypothesis forms the basis for the calculations. Contri-
butions are calculated assuming the narrow plume hy-
pothesis, Calder (1971,1977), and involve an upwind
integration over the area sources. Computations can
be made for up to 200 point sources and 2500 area
sources at an unlimited number of receptor locations.
The number of point and area sources can be easily
modified within the code. CDM-2.0 is an enhanced ver-
sion of CDM including the following options: 16 or 36
wind-direction sectors, initial plume dispersion, buoy-
ancy-induced dispersion, stack-tip downwash, and
gradual (transitional) plume rise. The user has a choice
of seven dispersion parameter schemes. Optional
output includes point and area concentration roses
and histograms of pollutant concentration by stability
class.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Forecasting, Plumes,
Sources,	Concentration(Composition),
Wind(Meteorology), Transporl properties, Sites, Math-
ematical models, 'Climatological dispersion model,
'Atmospheric dispersion, 'User manuals(Computer
programs), 'Air pollution sampling, Point areas, Gaus-
sian plume models.
PB86-136561/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Metal Content of Earthworms In Sludge Amended
Soils: Uptake and Loss,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
E. F. Neuhauser, M. R. Malecki, and Z. V. Cukic. Nov
85, 7p EPA/600/D-85/290
Grant EPA-R-810006-2
Prepared in cooperation with Institut za Vodoprivredu
Jaroslav Cerni, Belgrade (Yugoslavia). Sponsored by
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
The widespread practice of landspreading of sludge
has raised concern about increasing concentrations of
potentially toxic metals in soils, with the possibility of
these metals adversely impacting terrestrial and
aquatic ecosystems. Earthworms, as one of the largest
components of the soil biota, are useful indicators of
potentially toxic soil metal concentrations. The study
describes the metal content of five metals (Cd, Cu, Ni,
Pb, and Zn) in one earthworm species, Allolobophora
tuberculata, as a function of varying soii metal concen-
trations in the same soil type and the ability of the
earthworms to bioconcentrate the five metals. The
rate of uptake of the five metals in earthworms with ini-
tially low concentrations of metals placed in a soil with
high metal concentrations was evaluated for a 112 day
period. The rate of loss of the five metals in earth-
worms with initially high metal concentrations placed in
soil with low metal concentrations was also examined.
Keywords: 'Worms, 'Metals, 'Toxicity, 'Sludge dis-
posal, 'Soils, Concentration(Composition), Cadmium,
Copper, Nickel, Lead(Metal), Zinc, Losses, 'Earth-
worms, 'Allolobophora tuberculata, 'Land application.
PB86-136579/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Air and Waste Management.
Chlorine Effects on Aquatic Organisms: Evalua-
tion of Selected Toxicity Models. Final rept.,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Office
of Natural Resources.
S. A. Murray, C. G. Burton, and A. H. Rhodes. Mar 84,
151 p EPA/600/7-84-040
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, DC. Office of Air and Waste Management.
Three toxicity models were examined and modified
with respect to organisms associated with chlorinating
power plants of the Tennessee Valley Authority, viz
those of Mattice-Zittel, Turner-Thayer, and Chen-Sel-
leck. Results of the first two were prediction lines
based on concentration and exposure duration of chlo-
rine, whereas results of the latter were threshold con-
centrations for individual species. The Mattice-Zittel
model indicated potential biologically unsafe condi-
tions with respect to chlorine for invertebrates at most
of the power plants examined, whereas the Turner-
Thayer indicated biological safety for invertebrates at
all but one of the power plants examined.
Keywords: 'Chlorine, 'Toxicity, 'Invertebrates, 'Water
pollution, Electric power plants, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition),	Safety,
Tolerances(Physiology), Mathematical models, Fresh
water fishes, Carp.
PB86-136975	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Uitrastructural Comparison of Ion Beam and Ra-
diofrequency Plasma Etching Effects on Biologi-
cal Tissue Sections. Journal article,
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC.
R. W. Linton, M. E. Farmer, P. Ingram, J. R. Sommer,
and J. D. Shelburne. C1984,13p EPA/600/J-84/355
Grant EPA-R-807560
Prepared in cooperation with Research Triangle Inst.,
Research Triangle Park, NC., Veterans Administration
Medical Center, Durham, NC., and North Carolina
Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Chemistry. Sponsored by
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Pub. in Jnl. of Microscopy, W34 pt1 plOM 12 Apr 84.
Three dry etching techniques (Ar+ ion beam, 02+ ion
beam, 02 radiofrequency electrodeless discharge)
were compared with respect to preferential etching
and damage to the ultrastructure of glutaraldehyde-
fixed Epon-embedded frog skeletal muscle sections.
SEM and TEM studies were performed on both un-
stained and stained (osmium tetroxide, uranyl acetate)
sections. Etching effects were observed to differ for
the various ion Beam or plasma etching techniques.
Whereas selective retention of electron dense struc-
tures (e.g. Z lines, nuclear heterochromatin) was ob-
served for oxygen plasma etching, preferential etching
of these components was observed using 02+ ion
beam bombardment. Selectively etched Z lines and
etch-resistant nucleoli were observed for both reactive
(02+) and inert (Ar+) ion beam sputtering after suffi-
ciently high ion doses. The above suggest that selec-
tive etching under keV ion beam irradiation is related
more to physical sputtering processes (momentum
transfer) tnan to the chemical reactivity of the incident
ion. Heavy metal post-fixation and staining had no
qualitative effect on the nature of the selective etching
phenomena. The above findings are significant in that
they potentially influence both electron and ion micro-
probe measurements of etched biological specimens.
Keywords: 'Tissues(Biology), 'Etching, Comparison,
Reprints, "Plasma etching.
PB86-136983	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Response of Turnips to Chronic Doses of Ozone
In Open-Top Field Chambers. Journal article,
Agricultural Research Service, Washington, DC.
A. S. Heagle, W. W. Cure, and J. O. Rawlings. c1985,
16p EPA/600/J-85/245
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina State
Univ. at Raleigh. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmen-
tal Research Lab., OR.
Pub. In Environmental Pollution (Series A) 38, p305-
319 Jun 85.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Turnips Brassica rapa L., were exposed to chronic
doses of ozone(03) by adding different amounts of 03
for 7 h a day to non-filtered air in open-top field cham-
bers. One cultivar(Tokyo Cross) was tested in 1979
and four cultivars (Tokyo Cross, Shogoin, Purple Top
White Globe and Just Right) in 1980. Ambient levels of
03 usually did not affect shoot or root weight in either
year. In 1979, seasonal mean 03 levels greater than
ambient caused greater percentage growth decreases
of Tokyo Cross plants grown in the ground than for
plants grown in 3.8 litre pots. In 1980, 7 h a day expo-
sures from 20 October to 14 November to levels as
high as 0.16 ppm caused some chlorosis on a few of
the oldest leaves of all cultivars. No 03 was added
from 15-17 November because the weather was cold,
overcast and rainy. Exposures to 03 concentrations of
0.09 or 0.11 ppm for 3.5 h on the afternoon of 18 No-
vember caused severe foliar necrosis on all expanded
leaves of all cultivars. (Copyright (c) Elsevier Applied
Science Publishers Ltd, England, 1985.)
Keywords: "Ozone, "Root crops, * Air pollution,
Dosage, Field tests, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition),	Necrosis,
Leaves(Botany), Weight(Mass), Losses, Survival, Re-
prints, 'Brassica rappa, Turnips.
PB86-136991	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Influence of Bed-Region Stolchiometry on Nitric
Oxide Formation in Fixed-Bed Cost Combustion.
Journal article,
Utah Univ., Salt Lake City. Dept. of Chemical Engineer-
ing.
G. P. Starley, F. W. Bradshaw, C. S. Carrel, and D. W.
Pershing. C1985, 16p EPA/600/J-85/236
Grants EPA-R-805899, EPA-R-809267
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
Pub. in Combustion and Flame 59, p197-211 1985.
The article describes the use of a 15.3 x 25.4 cm thick
bed reactor with refractory walls to investigate the in-
fluence of bed-region (first-stage) stoichiometry on fuel
nitrogen evolution and reaction in coal-fired mass-
burning stokers. The combustor operated in a batch
mode providing a Lagrangian simulation of the time/
temperature/environmental history of a small bed seg-
ment traveling through a larger combustion facility.
Typically, as a run proceeded, both the superficial
burning rate and NO exhaust emissions increased,
reached a maximum, and then decreased toward the
run termination. However, under locally fuel-rich condi-
tions, the NO emissions peaked prior to the maximum
combustion rate. Inflame measurements suggested
that fuel nitrogen evolution probably occurs at about
the same rate as carbon oxidation. Overall, staging the
combustion air resulted in a substantial decrease in ex-
haust NO emissions.
Keywords: "Nitrogen oxide(NO), 'Stoichiometry,
'Stokers, *Beds(Process engineering), "Air pollution
control, Combustion products, Industrial wastes,
Chemical reactions, 'Staged combustion.
PB86-137007	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park. NC.
Enteroviruses In Sludge: Multiyear Experience
with Four Wastewater Treatment Plants. Journal
article,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus.
V. V. Hamparian, A. C. Ottolenghi, and J. H. Hughes.
C1985, 8p EPA/600/J-85/239
Grant EPA-R-805189
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v50
n2 P280-286 Aug 85.
The authors describe their experience with the isola-
tion of viruses from four treatment plants located in dif-
ferent geographic areas. Over a period of 3 years, 297
enteroviruses were isolated from 307 sludge samples.
The highest frequency of viral isolation (92%), includ-
ing multiple isolates from single samples, was ob-
tained from a treatment plant serving the smallest pop-
ulation. Excluding the polioviruses, 22 different entero-
virus serotypes were isolated. The methods used to
isolate the viruses were relatively simple and included
an elution procedure in which beef extract was use and
a disinfection step. No concentration procedure was
512 Vol. 90, No. 24
used. Of three cell culture systems used, the RD line of
human rhabdomyosarcoma cells was by far the most
useful for the Isolation of echoviruses; BGM and HeLa
cells were particularly useful for the isolation of group
B coxsackieviruses. A seasonal effect on viral isolation
rates from sludge was observed.
Keywords: 'Enteroviruses, 'Sludge, 'Viruses, Isola-
tion, Reprints, Sewage treatment.
PB86-137015	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Continuous Performance Monitor-
ing Techniques for Hazardous Waste Incinerators.
Journal article,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
R. K. LaFond, J. C. Kramlich, W. R. Seeker, and G. S.
Samuelsen. c1985, 7p EPA/600/J-85/238
Contract EPA-68-02-3633
Prepared in cooperation with California Univ., Irvine.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v35
n6 p658-663 Jun 85.
The article discusses monitoring the waste destruction
efficiency of hazardous waste incinerators, to ensure
that incinerators do not release, without detection, sig-
nificant quantities of waste as a result of operating
fluctuations or equipment degration. To detect these
conditions, continuous, automated, and real-time
source monitoring is required. Detection of degraded
performance by monitoring and measuring waste com-
pounds directly is not presently possible on a continu-
ous basis. An alternative is to use commercially avail-
able continuous monitors to measure combustion in-
termediates (e.g., CO or hydrocarbons) and thereby
infer waste destruction efficiency. Required, however,
is a correlation between the emission of intermediates
and the emission of waste. The paper compares the
response of a number of these continuous monitors
with waste destruction efficiency measurements from
a laboratory-scale liquid-spray incinerator operated on
fuel oil doped with model waste compounds (benzene,
chlorobenzene, acrylonitrile, and chloroform).
Keywords: 'Incinerators, 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid
waste disposal, 'Air pollution control, Performance
evaluation, Monitors, Industrial wastes, Carbon mon-
oxide, Hydrocarbons, Gas analysis, 'Continuous emis-
sion monitoring systems, 'Air pollution detection.
PB86-137023	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC,
Ion Beam Etching Effects in Biological Microana-
lysis. Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Chemistry.
R. W. Linton, M. E. Farmer, P. Ingram, S. R. Walker,
and J. D. Shelburne. c1982,15p EPA/600/J-82/453
Grant EPA-R-807560
Prepared in cooperation with Research Triangle Inst,,
Research Triangle Park, NC., and Duke Univ. Medical
Center, Durham, NC. Dept. of Pathology. Sponsored
by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Pub. in Scanning Electron Microscopy 3, p1191-1204
1982.
Oxygen ion beam sputter etching used in SIMS has
been shown to produce morphologic effects which
have similarities and differences in comparison to rf
plasma etching of biological specimens. Sputter yield
variations resulting from structural microheterogeneity
are illustrated (e.g. etch-resistant nucleoli in preferen-
tially etched nuclei), including their impact upon ion
image formation in an ion microanalyzer. These image
artifacts must be evaluated before secondary ion
images revealing subcellular organelles can be related
quantitatively to elemental localization in cells or tis-
sues. To minimize gross surface roughness effects
such as cone formation induced by ion bombardment,
ion imaging studies of thin sections using low primary
ion doses are indicated.
Keywords: 'Surface chemistry, 'Bioassay, 'Ion
beams, 'Etching, Sputtering, Cells(Biology), Samples,
Membranes, Reprints, 'Secondary ion mass spectros-
copy, 'Ion beam sputtering etching techniques, Ion mi-
croanalyzers.
PB86-137031	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
Correlative Light, Electron, and Ion Microscopy
on a Single Histologic Section. Journal article,
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC.
K. G. Kupke, J. P. Pickett, P. Ingram, D. P. Gritfis, and
R. W. Linton. c1983,4p EPA/600/J-83/324
Grant EPA-R-807560
Prepared in cooperation with Veterans Administration
Medical Center, Durham, NC., North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill. Dept. of Chemistry, and Research Triangle
Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC. Sponsored by
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.
Pub. in Jnl. of Microscopy, v131 pt1 pRP1-RP2 Jul 83.
In order to best interpret the chemical images obtained
using new microanalytical techniques such as ion mi-
croscopy (IM), it is advantageous to correlate them
with the morphologic/chemical information provided
by more conventional light microscopy (LM), second-
ary electron imaging (Sfcl), backscattered electron im-
aging (BEI), or electron probe microanalysis (EPMA).
Accordingly the authors have devised a technique of
specimen preparation which allows for the application
of several different microanalytical techniques to a
single histologic section mounted on the same sub-
strate.
Keywords: 'Electron microscopy, Histology, Microsco-
py, Reprints, "Ion microscopy, 'Light microscopy.
PB86-137049/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibition Cannot Account
for Changes in Visual Evoked Potentials Pro-
duced by Chlordimeform. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.	a
W. K. Boyes, V. C, Moser, R. C. MacPhail, and R. S.
Dyer. 1985,10p EPA/600/J-85/240
Pub. in Neuropharmacology, v24 n9 p853-860 1985.
Chlordimeform (COM), a formamidine insecticide and
monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor, has recently
been shown to produce profound changes in visual
evoked potentials of hooded rats (Dyer and Boyes.
The Toxicologist, 3: 13, 1983). Two experiments were
performed to determine if the evoked potential
changes were a result of MAO inhibition. In the first,
the degree of MAO inhibition in the brains of rats treat-
ed with CDM (1.0 to 100 mg/kg i.p.) was compared
with that produced by MAO inhibitor pargyline (0.3 to
30 mg/kgi.p.). Both compounds preferentially inhibit-
ed MAO-B, although MAO-A was substantially inhibit-
ed at higher dosages. Pargyline was a relatively more
potent MAO inhibitor than CDM, but not more effica-
cious. In the second study, pattern reversal evoked po-
tentials (PREPs) and flash evoked potentials (FEPs)
were recorded from groups of rats after treatment with
either saline, 0.4 mg/kg pargyline, 20 mg/kg pargyline
or 40 mg/kg CDM.
Keywords: "Toxicology, 'Insecticides, Inhibitors, In-
secticides, Chlorine organic compounds, Rats, Labo-
ratory animals, Reprints, 'Chlordimeform, Evoked re-
sponses, Formamidine/N-(chloro-tolyl)-n-n-dimethyt.
PB86-137056/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Membrane-Associated Viral Complexes Observed
in Stools and Cell Culture. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.	*
F. P. Williams. 1985,6p EPA/600/J-85/246
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology v50
n2 p523-526 Aug 85.
Viral complexes observed to be membrane-associated
rather than antibody-clumped were detected in a rota-
virus-abundant stool by negative-stain EM. These 'viral
packets' were also observed in cell-culture fluids on
repeat passage and contained up to 100 virions. Other
stools had been observed to contain similar packets of
parvovirus-like particles. Such complexes must be ex-
pected in fecally contaminated water.
Keywords; 'Viruses, Cell cultures, Microorganisms.
Feces, Rotaviruses, Reprints, 'Pathogens.
PB86-137064	Not available NTIS
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Impact of Ozone on Grain Sorghum Yield. Journal
article,
Argonne National Lab., IL.
L. W. Kress, and J. E. Miller. c1985,16p EPA/600/5-
85/247
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Pub. in Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 25, p377-390
1985.
Grain sorghum(sorghum vulgare Pers.) is an important
animal feed crop, and it is sometimes planted as a sub-
stitute for field corn. Although sorghum is grown in
areas of the central and southern U.S. where potential-
ly damaging concentrations of 03 exist, no data are
available regarding the sensitivity of grain sorghum to
03. Plants of grain sorghum (DeKalb A28 +) were field-
grown in open-top chambers and exposed to 03(7-hr/
day seasonal mean concentrations of 0.016, 0.040,
0.059, 0.078, 0.102, and 0.129 ppm) for 85 days to de-
termine the impact of 03 on grain yield. A randomized
complete block design incorporated three replicates of
all treatments. Foliar injury was noted at the two high-
est 03 treatments. Analysis of variance of the data indi-
cated highly significant 03 effects on overall grain
yield.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Grain sorghum plants, "Air pollu-
tion, Growth, Damage, Exposure, Yield, Injuries,
Seeds, Tolerances(Pnysiology),. Environmental im-
pacts, Reprints, Air pollution etfects(Plants).
PB86-137072/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hypochlorlte-Serum Reaction Products Inhibit
Porcine Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth in Cul-
ture. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
L. R. Papa, and P. T. McCauley. 1985,14p EPA/600/
J-85/242
Pub. in Artery 13, n1 p50-60 1985.Portions of this doc-
ument are not fully legible.
In vitro toxicity studies were initiated in order to deter-
mine if chloriration affects vascular endothelial cells.
Twelfth to twentieth passage porcine aortic vascular
endothelial cells (PAE) were grown to confluency and
replated in the presence of complete media (Eagle's
minimum essential media supplemented with 20%
fetal bovine serum) which had been preincubated for
30 minutes with 15.0 mg/liter chlorine. During a 72-
hour exposure period, control PAE cells grew to con-
fluency, an increase of approximately 9 fold in the
number of cells/plate. Those cells exposed to media
preincubated with 15.0 mg/liter chlorine derived from
sodium hypochlorite increased only 6 fold. There was
no sign of cell killing, but an apparent inhibition of cell
division. No effect was seen when either the amino
acid or vitamin component of the complete media' was
reacted at the 15.0 mg dose level. However, when the
serum component was preincubated with 15.0 mg
chlorine/liter as sodium hypochlorite, an inhibition in
growth rate similar to the complete media occurred.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Chlorination, Inhibitors, In
vitro analysis, Blood cells, Growth, Reprints.
PB86-137080/H5U	PC A02/MF A01
Air Pollution and Terrain Aerodynamics: A Review
of Fluid Modeling Studies at the EPA (Environ-
mental Protection Agency) Fluid Modeling Facili-
ty. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Trit
angle Park, NC.
R. S. Thompson, and W. H. Snyder. 1985,21p EPA/
60O/J-85/244
Pub. in Jnl. of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerody-
namics 21, p1-19 1985.
A review is given of recent fluid modeling studies con-
ducted at the EPA Fluid Modeling Facility of flow and
diffusion in complex terrain. Estimates are given for the
ratio of the maximum concentration on a hill surface to
the maximum concentration in the absence of the hill.
The ratio may be regarded as a terrain correction
factor and is a function of hill aspect ratio (two-versus
three-dimensional), hill slope, atmospheric stability,
etc. For upwind sources, terrain correction factors are
typically 1 to 2 for neutral flow over three-dimensional
hills. Terrain correction factors as large as 10 to 15
were found for low sources placed downwind of two-
dimensional hills of moderate to large slope. For
strongly stable flow over three-dimensional hills, it is
more useful to compare maximum surface concentra-
tions with those at the centerline of the plume in the
absence of the hill. These concentrations have been
shown to be essentially equal.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Terrain, "Aerodynamics,
"Mathematical models, "Atmospheric diffusion, Re-
views, Concentration(Composition), Plumes, Hills, Re-
prints.
PB86-137148/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Survival of Parasite Eggs In Stored Sludge. Final
rept. Sep 79-Nov 84,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
E. S. Kaneshiro, and G. Stern. Dec 85,101 p EPA/600/
2-85/142
See also PB85-109981. Prepared in cooperation with
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
The inactivation rates of digester-resistant parasite
eggs in laboratory-stored sludge were measured to de-
termine their potential fate in sludge lagoons. Eggs
from roundworms (Ascaris, Toxocara and Trlchuris)
and a tapeworm (Hymenolepis) were added to domes-
tic sludges either before and during, or after aerobic or
anaerobic digestion. Digested sludge samples seeded
with the parasite eggs were stored in the laboratory at
4 C, 25 C, and in a container that was inserted in the
ground to simulate sludge storage conditions. Non-
sludge soil samples (controls) were seeded with the
same parasites as the digested sludges and stored
under similar conditions. Though storage temperature
and storage time were the most important factors in
the inactivation of these eggs, minor effects were also
associated with other factors-type of sludge digestion,
timing of egg addition, type of storage (in sludges
versus soil), pH, and species of egg. These controlled
laboratory studies suggest that sludge lagooning can
be an effective method for eliminating parasite eggs,
particularly in warmer geographic locations.
Keywords: "Parasites, "Sludge disposal, 'Aerobic
processes, "Anaerobic processes, "Sludge digestion,
Experimental design, Sampling, Water pollution con-
trol, Lagoons(Ponds), Storage.
PB86-137155/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Underground Tank Leak Detection Methods: A
State-of-the-Art Review. Final rept. Jul 84-Jan 85,
IT Corp., Pittsburgh, PA.
S. Niaki, and J. A. Broscious. Jan 86,137p EPA/600/
2-86/001
Contract EPA-68-03-3069
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The report is a state-of-the-art review of available and
developing methods for finding small leaks in under-
ground storage tanks used primarily for gasoline and
other liquid petroleum fuels. This review describes
(based on information provided by the manufacturers
or practitioners) a total of thirty-six volumetric, nonvo-
lumetric, inventory monitoring, and leak effects moni-
toring detection methods; provides general engineer-
ing comments on each volumetric and nonvolumetric
leak detection method; and discussas variables which
may affect the accuracy of detection methods. The
emphasis throughout is on volumetric and nonvolume-
tric leak detection methods.
Keywords: "Storage tanks, "Leak detectors, Fuel stor-
age, Underground storage, Leakage, Tests, Reviews,
"Leak testing, Leaks.
PB86-137163/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Epidemiology and Air Pollution. Final rept.
National Research Council, Washington, DC. Commit-
tee on the Epidemiology of Air Pollutants.
Oct 85,231 p
Contract EFiA-68-02-4073
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.
The report explores the scientific feasibility of conduct-
ing epidemiologic investigations of the health conse-
quences of current and future air pollution. It assesses
the limits of available epidemiologic techniques for
studying air pollution problems and discusses opportu-
nities for expanding these limits and for using epide-
miologic studies effectively in an overall program of re-
search on air pollution.
Keywords: "Epidemiology, "Air pollution, "Research
projects, Forecasting. Assessments, Exposure, Feasi-
bility, Carbon monoxide, Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen
oxides, Particles, Risk, Smoke, Public health, Industrial
hygiene, Residential buildings, "Air pollution
effects(Humans), "Indoor air pollution, "Toxic sub-
stances, Cigarette smoking, Occupational safety and
health.
PB86-137262/HSU	PC A16/MF AOt
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Stationary Source Compliance Div.
Utility FQD (Flue Qas Desulfurization) Survey: Oc-
tober 1983-September 1984. Volume 1. Categori-
cal Summaries of FGD Systems. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
M. T. Melia, R. S. McKibben, and B. W. Pelsor. Oct 84,
364p EPA/340/1 -85/014A
Contract EPA-68-02-3963
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Stationary Source Compliance Div.
The report, which is generated by a computerized data
base system, represents a survey of operational and
planned domestic utility flue gas desulfurization (FGD)
system. The three volume set summarizes information
contributed by the utility industry, system and equip-
ment suppliers, system designers, research organiza-
tions, and regulatory agencies. The data cover system
design, fuel characteristics, operating history, and
actual system performance. Also included is a unit-by-
unit discussion of problems and solutions associated
with the boilers, scrubbers, and FGD systems. The de-
velopment status (operational, under construction, or
in the planning stages), system supplier, process,
waste disposal practice, and regulatory class are tabu-
lated alphabetically by utility company.
Keywords: "Flue gases, "Desulfurization, 'Airpollution
control, Surveys, Public utilities, Design, Fuels, Boilers,
Operations, Performance evaluation, Scrubbers, Flow
charting, Regulations, Waste disposal.
PB88-137304/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OKi
Practical Guide for Ground-Water Sampling. Final
rept.,
Illinois State Water Survey Div., Champaign.
M. J. Barcelona, J. P. Gibb, J. A. Helfrich, and E. E.
Garske. Sep 85,184p EPA/600/2-85/104
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
The report concerns both laboratory and field testing
of sampling materials and sampling mechanisms with
an emphasis on minimizing error, particularly for vola-
tile organic compound sampling and analysis. The es-
sential elements of effective ground-water sampling in-
clude; Evaluation of the hydrogeologic setting and pro-
gram information needs; Proper well-placement and
construction; Evaluation of well-performance and
purging strategies; Design and execution of sampling
andanalytical protocols.
Keywords: "Sampling, "Ground water, "Water pollu-
tion control, Manuals, Field tests, Hydrogeology,
Water wells, Placement, Construction, Collecting
methods, Drilling, Pumping, Hydraulic conductivity.
PB88-137403/HSU	PC A11 /MF A01
Maps Depicting Nonattalnment Areas Pursuant to
Section 107 of the Clean Air Act -1985,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Control Programs Development Div.
J. Yarn, W. Beal, and C. Tate. Sep 85,245p EPA/450/
2-85/006
The report is a detailed mapping of the United States
depicting those areas nonattaining the National Ambi-
ent Air Quality Standards for carbon monoxide, nitro-
gen dioxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide, and total suspend-
ed particulates. It includes nonattainment area maps
and supporting lists from Federal Register publications
forfinal actions through September 1,1985.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Regulations, "Maps,
Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Ozone, Sulfur di-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
oxide, Particles, Natural government, "Clean Air Act,
'National ambient air quality standards. Listings.
PB86-137460/HSU	PC A06/MF AOI
initial Mixing Characteristics of Municipal Ocean
Discharges. Volume 2. Computer Programs,
Environmental Research Lab.-Narragansett, Newport,
OR. Pacific Div.
M. D. Schuldt, L. R. Davis, W. E. Frick, W. P.
Muellenhoff, and A. M. Soldate. Nov 85,108p EPA/
600/3-85/073B, EPA/SW/MT-86/012B
For system on magnetic tape, see PB86-137494; for
diskette, see PB86-137486. See also Volume 1, PB86-
137478.
The report (Volume II) contains a description of the
Universal Data File and complete program listings of
five mathematical models that provide 7lux-average di-
lution and rise-height of a wastewater plume dis-
charged into waters of greater density. Use of the
models is recommended for conditions outside these
ranges and for detailed analysis.
Keywords: 'Computer programs, 'Sewage disposal,
'Ocean environments, Municipalities, Dilution,
Plumes, Height, Mathematical models, "Ocean waste
disposal, Marine disposal, Data file, Listings.
PB86-137478/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Initial Mixing Characteristics of Municipal Ocean
Discharges. Volume 1. Procedures and Applica-
tions,
Environmental Research Lab.-Narragansett, Newport
OR. Pacific Div.
M. D. Schuldt, L. R. Davis, W. E. Frick, W. P.
Muellenhoff, and A. M. Soldate. Nov 85, f 04p EPA/
600/3-85/073A, EPA/SW/MT-86/012A
For system on magnetic tape, see PB86-137494; for
diskette, see PB86-137486. See also Volume 2, PB86-
137460.
The report describes the behavior of plumes generat-
ed when wastewater is discharged at depth into waters
of greater density. Volume I contains analytical solu-
tions and descriptions of five mathematical models
that provide the initial dilution and rise-height of the
plume for a variety of discharge, diffuser, ana receiving
water characteristics. Initial dilution is defined as the
flux-average dilution when the rising plume reaches an
equilibrium level or encounters the surface. Guidance
is provided for the range of values within which analyti-
cal solutions provide acceptable estimates. The format
of model input data is the same for all five computer
programs.
Keywords: 'Plumes, 'Sewage disposal, 'Ocean envi-
ronments, 'Municipalities, Mixing, Mathematical
models, Diffusion, Height, Dilution. 'Ocean waste dis-
posal, Marine disposal.
PB86-137488/HSU	CP T»9
Initial Mixing Characteristics of Municipal Ocean
Discharges (for Microcomputers). Model.
Environmental Research Lab.-Narragansett, Newport,
OR. Pacific Div.
Nov 85.1 diskette EPA/SW/MT-86/013
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskette,
double sided, double density compatible with the IBM
PC microcomputer. Diskettes are in the ASCII format.
Price includes documentation, PB86-137478 and
PB86-137460. Call NTIS Computer Products for price.
Also available on magnetic tape, PB86-137494.
Initial Mixing Characteristics of Municipal Ocean Dis-
charges are described in the Universal Data File, it
also contains complete program listings of five mathe-
matical models that provide flux-average dilution and
rise-height of a wastewater plume discharged into
waters of greater density. The companion report
(volume I) contains analytical solutions and detailed
descriptions of the models. Guidance is provided for
the range of values within which the analytical solu-
tions provide acceptable estimates. Use of the models
is recommended for conditions outside these ranges
and for detailed analysis. The IBM compatible diskette
has the programs slightly altered to compile using Mi-
crosoft FORTRAN (Version 3.1 or higher) or IBM Per-
sonal Computer Professional FORTRAN.
Keywords: 'Models-simulation, 'Sewage disposal,
'Ocean environments, Municipalities, Plumes, Mixing,
Mathematical models, Fortran, Computer program-
ming, Ocean waste disposal, Marine disposal.
514 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB86-137494/HSU	CP T08
Initial Mixing Characteristics of Municipal Ocean
Discharges. Model.
Environmental Research Lab.-Narragansett, Newport,
OR. Pacific Div.
Nov 85, mag tape EPA/SW/MT-86/012
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products if you have questions. Price
includes documentation, PB86-137478 and PB86-
137460. Also available on diskette, PB86-137486.
Initial Mixing Characteristics of Municipal Ocean Dis-
charges are described in the Universal Data File and it
also contains complete program listings of five mathe-
matical models that provide flux-average dilution and
rise-height of a wastewater plume discharged into
waters of greater density. The companion report
(volume I) contains analytical solutions and detailed
descriptions of the models. Guidance is provided for
the range of values within which the analytical solu-
tions provide acceptable estimates. Use of the models
is recommended for conditions outside these ranges
and for detailed analysis. Software Description: The
program is written in the FORTRAN programming lan-
guage for implementation on a PDP 11/70 computer
using the IAS V3.0 operating system.
Keywords: 'Models-simulation, 'Sewage disposal,
"Ocean environments, Municipalities, Plumes, Dilu-
tion, Mixing, Mathematical models, Programming lan-
guages, Fortran, "Ocean waste disposal, Marine dis-
posal.
PB86-137619	Not available NTIS
Methanol Measurement In Auto Exhaust Using a
Gas-Filter Correlation Spectrometer,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
P. A. Gabele, and S. Cha. C1985,11p EPA/600/D-85/
293
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) Techni-
cal Paper Series 852137, p1 -8 Oct 85.
Spectroscopic methods offer an alternative to wet
chemical methods for analysis of methanol emissions
from automobiles. The gas filter correlation infrared
optical analysis approach appears very promising. The
report describes the gas correlation optical system
constructed to analyze methanol. The operating char-
acteristics of the system and test data of measure-
ments made on exhaust from a methanol-fueled vehi-
cle are presented. The methanol system has a detec-
tion limit of about 0.5 ppm and the system produces a
highly predictable output with a calibration curve
having a data fit with a multiple correlation coefficient
of 0.999. The system also displays excellent rejection
to interferences normally present in automobile ex-
haust. (Copyright (c) 1985 Society of Automotive Engi-
neers, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Gas detectors, 'Methyl alcohol, 'Exhaust
emissions, 'Spectrochemical analysis, 'Infrared spec-
troscopy, 'Formaldehyde, Performance evaluation, Air
filters, Air pollution, Calibrating, Carbon monoxide, Ni-
trogen	oxides,	Hydrocarbons,
Concentration(Composltlon), Design criteria, Substi-
tutes, 'Air pollution detection, Alcohol fuels.
PB86-138841/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Proceedings: Symposium on Flue Gas Desulfurl-
zatlon (9th) Held at Cincinnati, Ohio, June 1985.
Volume 1. Sessions 1 through 5,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
F. A. Ayer, and A. W. Wallace. Dec 85, 433p EPA/600/
9-85/033A
Contract EPA-68-02-3992
See also PB86-138658, and PB84-226638. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research
Lab., and Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA.
The two-volume proceedings documents presenta-
tions at the EPA/tPRI Ninth Symposium of Flue Gas
Desulfurization (FGD) in Cincinnati, OH, June 4-7,
1985. The meeting served as a forum for the exchange
of technical and regulatory information and develop-
ments regarding systems and processes applicable to
utility and industrial boilers. Addresses at the opening
session: (1) compared regional declines of forests in
Europe with those in North America and the possible
role of airborne chemicals in these declines: (2) exam-
ined the current legislative/regulatory situation1, and (3)
gave results of a study of the economics of FGD sys-
tems in a variety of S02 reduction strategies for coal-
fired power plants. Subsequent technical sessions
dealt with new and existing FGD technologies that en-
abled utility and industrial users of the technology, con-
sultants, engineering firms, equipment manufacturers,
process suppliers, government agencies, academia,
and research and development firms to share their ex-
periences.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Meetings, 'Boilers,
Flue gases, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Regulations, Electric power plants, Economic analysis,
State government, Waste disposal, National govern-
ment, Performance evaluation, Comparison, Forests,
Europe, Chemical compounds, Sulfur dioxide, Tech-
nology, "Air pollution abatement, 'Acid rain, 'Air qual-
ity, Rue gas desulfurization, Coal fired power plants,
Dual alkali scrubbing.
PB86-138658/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Proceedings: Symposium on Flue Gas Desulfuri-
zation (9th) Held at Cincinnati, Ohio, June 1985.
Volume 2. Sessions 6 through 10 and Appendix,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
F. A. Ayer, and A. W. Wallace. Dec 85,609p EPA/6O0/
9-85/033B
Contract EPA-68-02-3992
See also PB86-138641, and PB84-226646. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research
Lab., and Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA.
The two-volume proceedings documents presenta-
tions at the EPA/EPRI Ninth Symposium on Flue Gas
Desulfurization (FGD) in Cincinnati, OH, June 4-7,
1985. The meeting served as a forum for the exchange
of technical and regulatory information and develop-
ments regarding systems and processes applicable to
utility and industrial boilers. Addresses at the opening
session: (1) compared regional declines of forests in
Europe with those in North America and the possible
role of airborne chemicals in these declines: (2) exam-
ined the current legislative/regulatory situation; and (3)
gave results of a study of the economics of FGD sys-
tems in a variety of S02 reduction strategies for coal-
fired power plants. Subsequent technical sessions
dealt with new and existing FGD technologies that en-
abled utility and industrial users of the technology, con-
sultants, engineering firms, equipment manufacturers,
process suppliers, government agencies, academia,
and research and development firms to share their ex-
periences.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Meetings, 'Boilers,
Flue gases, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Regulations, Electric power plants, Economic analysis.
State government, Waste disposal, National govern-
ment, Performance evaluation, Comparison, Forests,
Europe, Chemical compounds, Sulfur dioxide, Tech-
nology, 'Air pollution abatement, 'Acid rain, 'Air qual-
ity, Rue gas desulfurization, Coal fired power plants,
Dual alkali scrubbing.
PB86-138983/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Cab.
Automation of Sludge Processing: Conditioning,
Dewatering, and Incineration,
Metropolitan Waste Control Commission, St. Paul, MN.
R. C. Polta, D. A. Stulc, and G. A. Mathes. Dec 85,
224p" EPA/600/2-85/140
Grant EPA-S-803602
Prepared in cooperation with EM A, Inc., St. Paul, MN.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The study developed and tested automated control
strategies for municipal wastewater sludge process-
ing. The strategies consisted of chemical conditioning
vacuum filtration and incineration. The project was
conducted at the St. Paul, Minnesota Metropolitan
Waste Control Commission (MWCC) Seneca facility, a
24-mgd plant with parallel sludge processing trains
Several strategies were developed for controlling lime
and ferric chloride addition and filter cake production
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ly 500 hours of operation. The performance of each
strategy are summarized for variability and cost. Auto-
matea strategies were developed for controlling incin-
erator hearth temperatures and air input. A description
of the digital data acquisition and control system is in-
cluded.
Keywords: 'Processing, 'Sludge, 'Municipalities,
Vacuum filtration, Incineration, Automatic control, Cal-
cium oxides, Iron chlorides, Cakes, Production, Tem-
perature control, Sludge drying, Performance evalua-
tion, Cost effectiveness.
PB88-139276/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
EPA'a (Environmental Protection Agency) Imple-
mentation of the Federal Managers Financial In-
tegrity Act.
General Accounting Office, Washington, DC. Re-
sources Community and Economic Development Div.
Nov 85,92p GAO/RCED-86-34, B-216946
In response to continuing disclosures of fraud, waste,
abuse, and mismanagement in federal programs, the
Congress enacted the Federal Managers' Financial In-
tegrity Act (FMFIA) of 1982. By requiring agencies to
evaluate and report on their internal control and ac-
counting systems, the act provides the necessary dis-
cipline for agencies to identify, remedy, and report on
internal control and accounting systems problems that
hamper effectiveness potentially cost taxpayers bil-
lions of dollars, and erode public confidence in govern-
ment. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),
with about a $4.3-billion budget for fiscal year 198S,
manages the national effort to protect public health
and tne environment by regulating various areas-air,
water, pesticides, toxic substances, and hazardous
waste.
Keywords: 'Accounting, Implementation, 'Internal
controls, 'Environmental Protection Agency, 'Federal
Managers Financial Integrity Act.
PB86-139292	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Calculating the pH of Calcium Carbonate Satura-
tion. Journal article.
Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc., Gaines-
ville, FL.
R. A. Pisigan, and J. E. Singley. c1985,11 p EPA/600/
J-85/248
Grant EPA-R-805400
Prepared in cooperation with Montgomery (James M.),
Inc., Gainesville, FL. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association 77,
n10p83-91 Oct 85.
Two new expressions for the pH of saturation (pH
subs) were derived. One is a simplified equation devel-
oped from an aqueous carbonate equilibrium system in
which correction for ionic strength was considered.
The other is a more accurate quadratic formula that in-
volves computerized calculation of pH subs and takes
into account ionic speciation and an activity correction
factor. Different methods of determining pH subs of
155 water samples were compared with the use of the
Langelier equation, the Larson-Buswell formula, the
two pH subs equations derived in the study, two math-
ematical models obtained from multivariate analysis,
the WATSPEC2 computer program, and Caldwell-
Lawrence diagrams.
Keywords: 'Distribution systems, 'Water distribution,
'Water pollution, Calcium carbonates, Corrosion,
Mathematical models, pH, Ionization, Potable water,
Anions, Chemical equilibrium, Solubility, Statistical
analysis, Computer programming, Reprints.
PB86-139300	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Experimental Determination of the Calcium Car-
bonate Saturation States ol Water Systems (Tscti-
nlcal Note). Journal article,
Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc., Gaines-
ville, FL.
R. A. Pisigan, and J. E. Singley. C1985,5p EPA/600/J-
85/249
Grant EPA-R-805400
Prepared in cooperation with Montgomery (James M.),
Inc., Gainesville, FL. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association 77,
n10p92-94Oct 85.
Emphasis is given to the fact that saturation indexes
only indicate the tendency of a water to dissolve or
precipitate calcium carbonate (CaCo3). The rate at
which a given water attains equilibrium cannot be de-
rived from the saturation index value.
Keywords: 'Distribution systems, 'Calcium carbon-
ates, 'Water distribution, 'Water pollution,
Precipitation(Chamistry), Saturation, Chemical equilib-
rium, pH, Corrosion prevention, Alkalinity,
Concentration(Composition), Ion exchanging, Deioni-
zation, Dissolving, Reprints.
PB86-139318	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Effects of Water Quality Parameters on the Corro-
sion of Galvanized Steel. Journal article.
Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc., Gaines-
ville, FL.
R. A. Pisigan, and J. E. Singley. C1985, 9p EPA/600/J-
85/250
Grant EPA-R-805400
Prepared in cooperation with Montgomery (James M.),
Inc., Gainesville, FL. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association 77,
n11 p76-82Nov85.
Jar tests and a circulating water system were used to
evaluate the effect of water quality parameters, in par-
ticular the Langllier index (SI), on the corrosion of gal-
vanized steel. Since waters with a positive SI were
sometimes found to be at least as corrosive as waters
with a negative SI, especially if the effect of dissolved
oxygen was neglected, no definite relationship could
be established between corrosion rate and SI. In both
Gainesville, FL, tap water and deionized water, corro-
sion was observed to be fastest in the pH range 5 to
6.5. A general mechanism for the formation of corro-
sion products is presented. Overall results suggest
that the SI should be used only with caution in the
practice of corrosion control and that prediction of a
water's corrosivity should also consider the influence
of other water quality parameters.
Keywords: 'Corrosion, "Galvanized materials, Steels,
Water quality, Reprints.
PB86-13937S/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Bibliography on Indoor Air Pollution.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Information Management and Sen/ices Div.
Jun 85, 91p* EPA/IMSD-85/002
A bibliography on Indoor Air Pollution, which highlights
Sources of Indoor Air Pollution, Factors Contributing to
Indoor Air Pollution, the Health Effects of Indoor Air
Pollution, and Measures to Mitigate Indoor Air Pollu-
tion.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Bibliographies, Sources,
Public health, Industrial hygiene, Ventilation, Buildings,
'Indoor air pollution, Air pollution effects(Humans),
Emission factors, Occupational safety and health.
PM6-139516/H8U	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Re-
sdfirch
Consolidation of Baseline Information, Develop-
ment of Methodology, and Investigation of Ther-
mal Impacts on Frsshwater Shellfish, Insects, and
Other Biota,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Office
of Natural Resources.
J. 3. Crossman, J. B. Wright, and R. L. Kaesler. Mar 84,
179p TVA/EP-78/09, EPA/600/7-84/042
Prepared in cooperation with Kansas Univ., Lawrence.
Dept. of Geology. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Environ-
mental Processes and Effects Research.
A computerized information system was developed for
storing, retrieving, and analyzing data collected during
limnological surveys. To facilitate storage of informa-
tion, a series of hierarchial codes was developed.
These codes not only reduced storage requirements,
but also helped reduce computing costs. The informa-
tion system utilized three analytical procedures, cluster
analysis, ordination using nonmetric multidimensional
scaling (MDS), and measurement of species diversity
from information theory. The heuristic properties of
species diversity were used to evaluate two classifica-
tions stressing functional morphology and trophic-
functional relationships of benthic invertebrates, inde-
pendent of the taxonomic hierarchy. Both methods
produced results similar to ones obtained by cluster
analysis, suggesting that they merit further investiga-
tion.
Keywords: 'Information retrieval, 'Invertebrates,
'Shellfish, 'Water pollution, Limnology, Thermal pollu-
tion, Cluster sampling, Abundance, Morphology, In-
sects, Environmental impacts, Sampling, Baseline
studies, Species diversity.
PB86-139540	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Acid Deposition and Forest Decline. Journal article,
Pennsylvania Univ., Philadelphia.
A. H. Johnson, and T. G. Siccama. c1983,14p EPA/
600/J-83/326
Prepared in cooperation with Yale Univ., New Haven,
CT. School of Forestry and Environmental Studies.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology 17, n7
p294A-305A 1983.
The location, topography and other characteristics of
the high-elevation forests of eastern North America
cause them to be receptors of high levels of acid depo-
sition and airborn trace metals. No other major forest-
ed areas in the U.S. are subjected to such intensely
acid cloud moisture, such heavy acid deposition, and
such high rates of trace-metal deposition. The vulner-
ability of these forests to the pollutants has not been
documented, but because of the spruce decline it is
indeed reasonable to suspect vulnerability. Current
data shows several possible pathways by which acid
deposition could contribute to spruce mortality, but at
this time none of these pathways are supported by
convincing evidence. The framework for Al toxicity pro-
posed by Ulrich is not consistent with the data generat-
ed. The evidence regarding a triggering effect of
drought is substantiated by data, but it is not know
whether drought is sufficient to cause the dieback and
decline or whether an additional stress from pollution
is involved. In viewing the spruce dieback and decline
as a stress-related syndrome, it is suggested the pos-
sibility of multiple stresses is possible. (Copyright (c)
1983 American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Acidity, *Precipitation(Meteorology),
'Forest trees, Metals, Trace elements, Vulnerability,
Mortality, Toxicity, Stress(Physiology), Elevation, North
America, Reprints, 'Acid precipitation, Picea abies,
Norway spruce trees.
PB86-139599/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Progress In the Prevention and Control of Air Pol-
lution In 1984.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Control Programs Development Div.
Nov 85,81 p EPA/450/2-85/007
See also PB85-180693.
The report describes the progress that the Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) has made in the pre-
vention and control of air pollution during 1984. The
following paragraphs summarize the contents of the
remaining chapters of the report, especially insofar as
those chapters illuminate current understanding of air
quality problems, controls, and administrative appara-
tus. Since it takes approximately 1 year to assemble,
analyze, and report air quality and emissions data on a
national basis, the latest air quality and emissions data
available for the report are for the year 1983.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Trends, Tables(Data),
Mathematical models, Particles, Sulfur dioxide, Nation-
al government, Combustion products, Industrial
wastes, Sampling, Carbon monoxide. Nitrogen dioxide,
Ozone, Concentration(Composition), Exhaust emis-
sions, 'Air quality, 'Air pollution abatement, State im-
plementation plans, Clean Air Act, Monitoring, Station-
ary sources.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-139748	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Characterization of Surface Species on Coal Com-
bustion Particles by X-ray Photoelectron Spec-
troscopy in Concert with Ion Sputtering and Ther-
mal Desorptlon. Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Chemistry.
G. E. Cabaniss, and R. W. Linton. c1984, 7p EPA/600/
J-84/352
Grant EPA-R-807560
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v18
n4 p271-275 1984.
Environmental and breathing zone samples were ana-
lyzed for ethylene-oxide (75218) at United Hospital
(SIC-8062), Grand Forks, North Dakota in January,
1985. The survey was requested by the management
to determine if using ethylene-oxide for sterilization
purposes posed a health risk. All employees (number
not specified) in the central supply department were
interviewed. These concentrations originated from an
old sterilizer. The sterilizer was not normally used, but
was operated on the day of the survey to stimulate a
worst case situation. None of the workers had any
medical complaints. The author concludes that a
health hazard due to ethylene-oxide does not exist at
the facility. He recommends not using the old sterilizer
until it has been refurbished and conducting periodic
monitoring for ethylene-oxide with an infrared analyz-
er.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, 'Industrial medi-
cine, 'Medical facilities, 'Sterilization, Exposure, Tox-
icity, Hazardous materials, Air pollution, Ventilation,
Ethylene oxide. Inspection, 'Toxic substances, 'Occu-
pational safely and health, 'Indoor air pollution, SIC
8062, CAS 75-21-8, EPA region 8, Grand Forks(North
Dakota).
PB86-140522	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Streamside Effect in a 'Carex iyngbyel' Estuarine
Marsh: The Possible Role of Recoverable Under-
ground Reserves. Journal article,
Delaware Univ., Lewes. Coll. of Marine Studies.
J. L. Gallagher, and H. V. Kibby. C1981,12p EPA/600/
J-81/694
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Pub. in Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 12, p451-
460 Apr 81.
In a comparison of streamside and back marsh stands
of Carex Iyngbyel in an Oregon estuarine marsh, the
maximum biomass and net annual aerial primary pro-
ductivity of the streamside stands were 50% higher.
Aerial productivity rates on a unit of biomass basis
were similar except during the late winter-early spring
period and in the fall. Studies of recoverable under-
ground photosynthate reserves coupled with the net
aerial primary productivity measurements indicate the
timing of growth and the mobilization of reserves were
important factors in the streamside effect (greater bio-
mass and net annual aerial primary productivity).
(Copyright (c) 1981 Academic Press Inc. (London)
Keywords: "Growth, 'Aquatic plants, "Primary biologi-
cal productivity, 'Marshes, Estuaries, Biomass,
Rates(Per time), Nitrogen, Seasonal variations, Com-
parison, Coasts, Oregon, Reprints, "Carex lyngbyei,
Salt marshes.
PB86-140530	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Acid Rain and Soli Microbial Activity: Effects and
Their Mechanisms. Journal article,
California Univ., Berkeley.
K Killham, M. K. Firestone, and J. G. McColl. c1983,
7p EPA/600/J-83/327
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality, v12 nl pi33-137
Jan-Mar 83.
In the investigation, our aim was to determine if acid
rain affects soil microbial activity and to identify possi-
ble mechanisms of observed effects. A Sierran forest
soil (pH 6.4) planted with Ponderosa pine seedlings
was exposed to simulated rain (pH 2,0, 3.0, 4.0 and
5.6) with ionic composition reflecting that found in
516 Vol. 90, No. 24
northern California, corresponding to 15 cm of precipi-
tation over a 12-week period. After exposure, the soils
were collected in two samples (top 1 cm and 4 to 5
cm), which were assayed separately for respiration
and enzyme activies (urease, phosphatase, dehyro-
genase, and arylsulfatase). Changes in microbial activ-
ity were most significant in surface soils. Only the pH
2.0 input caused inhibition of both respiration and
enzyme activities. (Copyright (c) 1983, ASA, CSSA,
SSSA.)
Keywords: 'Acidity, 'Rainfall, 'Soil microbiology,
'Water pollution, 'Forest land, Exposure, pH, Bioas-
say, Enzymes, Respiration, California, Reprints, 'Acid
precipitation, 'Forest microbiology.
PB86-140548	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Freshwater Acidification from Atmospheric Depo-
sition of Sulfuric Acid: A Conceptual Model. Jour-
nal article,
Virginia Univ., Charlottesville.
J, N. Galloway, S. A. Norton, and M. R. Church. c1983,
7p EPA/600/J-83/325
Prepared in cooperation with Maine Univ. at Orono.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v17
n11 P541A-545A 1983.
A simple conceptual model is presented that describes
the dynamic response of surface water chemistry as a
function of rates of acid deposition (notable H2S04)
and a few key soil processes. Work continues on the
use of temporal water chemistry data as a means of
qualitatively verifying the concepts underlying these
seven stages of acidification. (Copyright (c) 1983
American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: "Acidification, "Air pollution, "Water pollu-
tion, "Lakes, Fresh water, Water chemistry, Mathemat-
ical models, Dynamic response, Soils, Chemical reac-
tions, Sulfuric acid, Sulfates, Leaching, Reprints.
PB86-140555/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Re-
search.
Influence of Coal Surface Mining on the Aquatic
Environment of the Cumberland Plateau,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Office
of Natural Resources.
P. K. Gottfried, J. Bales, and T. W. Precious. Mar 84,
187p EPA/600/7-84/043
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Environmental Processes
and Effects Research.
Ten small watersheds in east Tennessee were studied
during a four year period from 1975-1979 in order to
provide background data for the development and
demonstration of regional mathematical models for
predicting the impacts of coal surface mining on the
aquatic environment. Analysis of the geological data
from watershed core samples revealed that there was
sufficient alkalinity and neutralization potential within
the plateau rock strata to neutralize acidity produced
from surface mining. Streams in six contour-mined
areas were sampled for benthos using Surber, drift, ar-
tificial substrate, and kick nets. Functional, taxonomic,
species composition, and number differences were at-
tributed to mining activities.
Keywords: "Coal mining, "Aquatic biology, "Ecology,
"water pollution, Environmental impacts, Mathemati-
cal models, Alkalinity, Neutralizing, Benthos, Metals,
Concentration(Composition), Diptera, Beetles,
Tables(Data), Tennessee, Mine acid drainage, Spe-
cies diversity.
PB86-140563/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Review of Mathematical Models for ESPs (Electro-
static Precipitators) and Comparison of Their Suc-
cesses,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
P. A. Lawless, and L. E. Sparks. Dec 85,14p EPA/
600/D-85/298
Prepared in cooperation with Research Triangle Inst.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
The paper examines several published mathematical
models of electrostatic precipitator (ESP) perform-
ance-the Deutsch-Anderson, Matts-Ohnfeldt, Cooper-
man, Robinson, Southern Research, and Research
Triangle Institute sectional models-and compares
their predictions of ESP performance against meas-
ured data. The analysis shows the common areas of
the models and the specific vagaries of each. In all cur-
rent models, it is seen that unmodeled effects can
dominate the accuracy of the modeling process, but
that a 'calibration' of a given model can make the
model useful for those effects it handles well. The
values of important parameters for each model are
tabulated so that the reader may use them as summa-
ry descriptions of the ESP data.
Keywords: "Mathematical models, "Electrostatic pre-
cipitators, "Air pollution control equipment, Compari-
son, Reviews, Performance evaluation, Tables(Data),
Industrial wastes, Combustion products.
PB86-140571/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Validation Methods for Chemical Exposure and
Hazard Assessment Models,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
L. A. Burns. Dec 85,28p EPA/600/D-85/297
Mathematical models and computer simulation codes
designed to aid in hazard assessment for environmen-
tal protection must be verified and validated before
they can be used with confidence in a decision-making
or priority-setting context. Operational validation, or
full-scale testing via an 'appeal to Nature' in realworld
situations, is usually the most ambiguous and least sat-
isfactory part of the validation process. In most pub-
lished studies, objective validity criteria are lacking and
evaluation of the model is wholly subjective. This need
not be the case, however, because acceptable model
performance can usually be defined using relatively
uncomplicated accuracy and precision criteria. Under
these conditions, objective statistical tests can be for-
mulated and executed to provide unambiguous proofs
of validity in individual case studies. Such validation
cannot, of course, demonstrate the global validity of a
model; they merely provide a single instance of a fail-
ure to invalidate. The accumulation of a series of such
validations, however, can give model users confidence
in the general reliability and veracity of their decision
tools.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Mathematical
models, "Chemical compounds, 'Environmental sur-
veys, Assessments, Performance evaluation, Expo-
sure, Regulations, Safety, Ozone, Ecology, Public
health, Economic analysis, Risk, Toxicology, "Toxic
substances.
PB86-140589/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Stationary Source Compliance Div.
Compilation Guide of Procedural Decisions on
EPA NSPS (Environmental Protection Agency
New Source Performance Standards) Reference
Methods. Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
W. DeWees. Sep 84,102p EPA/340/1-84/014
Contract EPA-68-01 -6310
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Stationary Source Compliance DIv.
The manual presents a compilation of the past per-
formance test procedural decisions. The manual also
explains how alternative procedures and methods
should be submitted for review and approval and docu-
mentation. Finally, the manual provides a list of exam-
ple issues related to performance testing and the cor-
responding responses from the EPA Regional Offices.
Keywords: "Manuals, "Regulations, "Air pollution, Per-
formance tests, Guidelines, Substitutes, Standards
Tables(Data), State government, National govern-
ment, "Federal test procedure, "New Source Perform-
ance Standards, "Air pollution abatement Listings.
PB86-140621/HSU	CP T05
SFILES. Software,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
R. Kinerson, and J. Pilotte. Aug 84, mag tape EPA/
SW/MT-86/004
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Computer Products if you have questions. Price in-
cludes documentation, PB86-140639.
SFILES is a program for entering molecular structures
and storing them in a connection table form on a disk
file for later use in Quantitative Structure Activity Rela-
tionship studies (QSAR). The user may enter a struc-
ture by drawing its hydrogen suppressed representa-
tion on a TEKTRONIX 4014 or compatible graphics
terminal; or by building the connection table via one of
two terminal independent structure entry systems. The
graphical method of structure entry is the default
method used in the program, and is the method which
allows the user the most versatility in structure entry.
Software Description: The program is written in the
FORTRAN programming language for implementation
on a DEC VAX 11/780 computer using the VMS 4.1
operating system. 256K bytes of core storage are re-
quired to operate the model.
Keywords: 'Software, 'Molecular structure, 'Environ-
mental surveys, Hydrogen, Fortran, Magnetic tapes,
Chemical bonds, 'Quantitative structure activity rela-
tionship, 'SFILES program.
PB86-140639/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
SFILES. User's Guide (Draft).
General Software Corp., Landover, MD.
28 Aug 84, 40p
Contract EPA-68-02-3970
For system on magnetic tape, see PB86-140621.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Pesticides and Toxic Sub-
stances.
SFILES is a program for entering molecular structures
and storing them in a connection table form on a disk
file for later use in Quantitative Structure Activity Rela-
tionship studies (QSAR). The user may enter a struc-
ture by drawing its hydrogen suppressed representa-
tion on a TEKTRONIX 4014 or compatible graphics
terminal; or by building the connection table via one of
two terminal Independent structure entry systems. The
graphical method of structure entry is the default
method used in the program, and is the method which
allows the user the most versatility in structure entry.
Use of the graphical method is described in the main
part of this user's guide. The two terminal independent
structure entry methods, SMILES and SENTRY, are
described in Appendices A and B respectively of this
user's guide. Implementation of the SENTRY method
is not yet complete. It is anticipated that the implemen-
tation will be completed and Appendix B available by
December 1984.
Keywords: 'Molecular structure, 'Environmental sur-
veys, Hydrogen, Chemical bonds, 'Quantitative struc-
ture activity relationship, 'SFILES programming lan-
guage, 'User manuals(Computer programs).
PB86-140647/HSU	CP T02
AT123D: Analytical Transient One-, Two-, and
Three-Dlmenslonal Simulation of Waste Transport
in the Aquifer System. Model,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
R. Kinerson, and J. Pllotte. 1985, mag tape EPA/SW/
MT-86/007
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only, Call NTIS
Computer Products if you have questions. Price in-
cludes documentation, PB86-140654.
A generalized, analytical transient one-, two-, and/or
three-dimensional model for use in estimating the
transport of wastes in a groundwater aquifer system. It
contains options for combinations of various types of
wastes, source configurations, source releases, and
aquifer dimensions. The mechanisms of transport in-
cluded in the analysis are advection, hydro-dynamic
dispersion, adsorption, decay/degeneration, and
waste losses in the atmosphere. Software Description:
The program is written in the FORTRAN programming
language for implementation on a Digital VAX 11/780
computer using the VMS 4.1 operating system.
Keywords: 'Models-Simulation, 'Ground .water,
'Waste disposal, Aquifers, Three dimensional flow,
Unsteady flow, Hydrodynamics, Dispersing, Adsorp-
tion, Losses, Computer programs, Programming lan-
guages, Fortran, Fortran programming languaqe, VAX
11/780 computer.
PB86-140654/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
AT123D Execution Using the Data Management
Supporting Systems AT123DIN and AT123DOUT.
Users Guide (Draft).
General Software Corp., Landover, MD.
26 Dec 84,41 p EPA/SW/MT-86/007A
Contract EPA-68-02-3970
For system on magnetic tape see, PB86-140647.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Pesticides and Toxic Sub-
stances.
Detailed procedures required to execute AT123D
through the use of two data management systems.
The report is intended to be a comprehensive guide for
users who have no specialized computer knowledge.
AT123D is a generalized analytical transient one-, two-
, and/or three-dimensional computer model designed
for estimating the rate of pollutant (radioactive, chemi-
cal, or thermal) transport/transformation in a ground-
water system. In the search for closed-form solutions
to the partial differential equations describing the
groundwater flow and transport phenomena, the appli-
cation of the Green's function is used to its optimum
advantage. As a result, the model has many optional
capabilities and accepts a variety of source release
patterns and configurations.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Ground water, 'Waste
disposal, 'Data base management systems, Program-
ming manuals, Mathematical models, Sites, Water
flow, Hydrodynamics, Computer applications.
PB86-140886/HSU	PC E04/MF A01
Limnology and Phytoplankton Structure In Near-
shore Areas of Lake Ontario 1981,
Environmental Protection Agency. Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
D. C. Rockwell, M. F. Palmer, and J. C. Makarewicz.
Aug 85,179p EPA/905/3-85/003
Includes two sheets of 48X reduction microfiche. Pre-
pared in cooperation with State Univ. of New York Coll.
at Brockport. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
During 1981, the U.S. EPA undertook 4 limnological
surveys of nearshore waters of Lake Ontario, including
the Niagara River Plume, the Rochester Embayment
and Oswego Harbor. Water samples from 81 locations
were analyzed for 22 physical and chemical param-
eters. Cluster analyses were used to identify station
groupings as Lake, mixing or nearshore, and river
source areas. Spatial and temporal differences in the
data are discussed. Phytoplankton samples were col-
lected during 3 surveys of the Oswego Harbor and 1
survey of the Niagara River plume area. Species identi-
fications, enumerations and biovolumes are reported.
The spatial and temporal differences in phytoplankton
community structure in the Oswego Harbor are dis-
cussed.
Keywords: 'Phytoplankton, 'Limnology, 'Lake Ontar-
io, 'Water pollution, Surveys, Mixing, Chemical analy-
sis, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Silicon dioxide,
Tables(Data), Sampling, Metals, Chlorophylls, Niagara
River, Rochester Embayment, Oswego Harbor.
PB86-141284/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Methods for Evaluating the Biological Impact of
Potentially Toxic Waste Applied to tolls,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
E. F. Neuhauser, R. C. Loehr, and M. R. Malecki. Dec
85,27p EPA/600/D-84/298
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
The study was designed to evaluate two methods that
can be used to estimate the biological impact of organ-
ics and inorganics that may be in wastes applied to
land for treatment and disposal. The two methods
were the contact test and the artificial soil test. The
contact test is a 48 hr test using an adult worm, a small
glass vial, and filter paper to which the test chemical or
waste is applied. The test is designed to provide close
contact between the worm and a chemical similar to
the situation in soils. The method provides a rapid esti-
mate of the relative toxicity of chemicals and industrial
wastes. The artificial soil test uses a mixture of sand,
kaolin, peat and calcium carbonate as a representative
soil. Different concentrations of the test material are
added to the artificial soil, adult worms are added and
worm survival is evaluated after two weeks. These
studies have shown that: earthworms can distinguish
between a wide variety of chemicals with a high
degree of accuracy.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Hazardous materials, 'Soils,
'Solid waste disposal, Environmental impacts, Oraan-
ic compounds, Inorganic compounds, Soil tests, Eval-
uation, Survival, Earthworms, Land application,
'Bioindicators.
PB86-141785/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Study of Gasoline Volatility and Hydrocarbon
Emissions from Motor Vehicles. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Nov 85,337p EPA/AA/SDSB-85/5
In-use motor vehicle evaporative hydrocarbon emis-
sions greatly exceed their applicable EPA emission
standards. The primary reason is that the volatility of
commercial gasoline is substantially greater than that
of the certification test fuel specified by EPA (i.e., vehi-
cles are simply not designed to handle the fuel volatili-
ty they regularly experience). The long-term solution is
to equate the volatilities of commercial and certifica-
tion test gasolines. This can be done at: (1) the current
volatility of commercial gasoline, (2) that of certifica-
tion test gasoline, or (3) at some point in between.
However, in the short term, only the reduction of com-
mercial gasoline volatility has a significant environ-
mental benefit, since the effect of certification fuel
modifications must await the turnover of the vehicle
fleet. This study examines the technological feasibility,
costs, emission reductions, air quality impacts and
cost effectiveness of the various long-term and short-
term solutions to this problem.
Keywords: 'Gasoline, 'Hydrocarbons, 'Motor vehi-
cles, 'Exhaust emissions, "Volatility, "Air pollution, As-
sessments, Evaporation, Inspection, Maintenance,
Standards, 'Air quality, 'Fugitive emissions, National
ambient air quality standards.
PB88-141959/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Radiation Data, Report 41, Janu-
ary-March 1985,
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
C. M. Petko, and C. R. Phillips. Jun 85,36p EPA/520/
5-85/030
See also PB85-234649.
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is compiled and
distributed quarterly by the Office of Radiation Pro-
grams and contains data from the Environmental Radi-
ation Ambient Monitoring System (ERAMS). Data from
similar networks operated by contributing States,
Canada, Mexico, and the Pan American Health Organi-
zation are reported in the ERD when available. The
ERAMS is comprised of nationwide sampling stations
that provide air, surface and drinking water, and milk
samples from which environmental radiation levels are
derived.
Keywords: 'Radioactivity, Gamma rays, Radioactive
contaminants, Airborne wastes, Surface waters, Pota-
ble water, Milk, Tritium, Cesium 137, Iodine 131,
Carbon 14, Krypton 85, Strontium 90, Uranium 235,
Plutonium 238, Plutonium 239, Tables(Data), 'Radi-
ation monitoring, ERAMS system, Strontium 89,
Radium 226, Uranium 234, Uranium 238, Iodine 129,
Barium 140, Potassium 40, Environmental exposure
pathways.
PB86-142007/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology uiv.
Supplementary Guidelines for Lead Implementa-
tion Plans: Updated Projections for Motor Vehicle
Lead Emissions. Final rept.
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
Aug 85,41 p EPA/460/3-85/006
Contract EPA-68-03-1865
See also PB84-213974. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Emission Control
Technology Div.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The document is an update to 'Supplementary Guide-
lines for Lead Implementation Plans Updated Projec-
tions for Motor Vehicle Lead Emissions,' U.S. EPA,
EPA-450/2-83-002, Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina, March 1983. (PB 84-104603). This document
provides updated projections tor automotive lead
emissions to be used by those agencies developing
State Implementation Plans for lead. It has been re-
vised to include estimates of travel fractions and fleet
characterizations from the June 1984 EPA report,
'User's Guide to MOBILE3 (Mobile Source Emissions
Model),' EPA 460/3-84-002. (PB 84 213974). It also
reflects the final rulemaking recently issued by EPA
which requires refiners to lower the lead content of
leaded gasoline to 0.5 g/gallon on July 1,1985 and 0.1
g/gallon by January 1,1986 (Federal Register, Vol. 50,
No. 45, March 7,1985).
Keywords: "Lead(Metal), "Guidelines, "Exhaust emis-
sions, *Air pollution, Regulations, Revisions, Stand-
ards, Fuel consumption, Metals, "State implementa-
tion plans, "Air pollution abatement, "Air quality, Auto-
mobile exhaust, National ambient air quality standard,
Light duty vehicles, Heavy duty vehicles, Numerical so-
lution.
PB86-142155/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Size Specific Total Particulate Emission Factors
for Mobile Sources. Final rept.
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
Aug 85,82p EPA/460/3-85/005
Contract EPA-68-03-1865
See also PB84-226653. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Emission Control
Technology Div.
The report presents particulate emission factor equa-
tions as the sum of individual masses of lead salt, or-
ganic and sulfate components for leaded and unlead-
ed gasoline fueled vehicles. Composite (i.e., total par-
ticulate mass) equations are presented for diesel
fueled vehicles and motorcycles, and tire and brake
wear particulate. These equations are subsequently
accompanied by tabulated emission factors which may
be inserted into the appropriate particulate component
equations. Fleet sales fractions and travel fractions by
model year are included for each vehicle class. The
fractions within each vehicle class that ate equipped
with different emission control systems also are pro-
vided. Cumulative distributions of particle size for
leaded and unleaded gasoline and diesel fuel are pre-
sented both graphically and tabularly. Also, for the
benefit of the user, an example calculation of particu-
late emissions from light-duty vehicles is provided. The
procedure herein can be used to project automotive
particulate emissions by those agencies developing
State Implementation Plans for particulate matter or by
other interested parties within or outside the EPA con-
cerned with size specific particulate emission factor
projections for mobile sources.
Keywords: "Particle size, "Exhaust emissions, "Air pol-
lution, "Lead inorganic compounds, "Lead(Metal),
Sources, Sulfates, Motor vehicles. Particle size distri-
bution, Organic compounds, "Emission factors, "Air
quality, Catalytic reactors(Exhaust systems), Light duty
vehicles, Diesel engine exhaust, State Implementation
Plans, Misfueling.
PB86-142320/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Concentrations and Concentration Factors of
Several Anthropogenic and Natural Radionuclides
in Marine Vertebrates and Invertebrates. Final
rept.,
Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA.
V. E. Noshkin. 17 Jul 85, 98p UCRL-91765, EPA/520/
1-84/028
Revision of report dated Oct 84. Sponsored by Office
of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Literature is reviewed and summarized with regard to
concentrations of several anthropogenic and natural
radionuclides in biological organisms from marine en-
vironments. Reported concentration factors for these
radionuclides in organisms are tabulated for marine
fish and invertebrates from water masses affected by
different source terms.
Keywords: "Aquatic animals, "Radioactivity, Marine
fishes, Vertebrates, Invertebrates, "Radioecological
518 Vol. 90, No. 24
concentration, Radioactive waste disposal, Environ-
mental exposure pathway.
PB86-142346/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Stationary Source Compliance Div.
Guidelines on Preferred Location and Design of
Measurement Ports for Air Pollution Control Sys-
tems,
JACA Corp., Fort Washington, PA.
J. R. Richards. Sep 84, 52p EPA/340/1-84/017
Contract EPA-68-01-3962
Prepared in cooperation with Richards Engineering,
Durham, NC. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Stationary Source Compli-
ance Div.
Portable instrumentation is used in evaluating the per-
formance of air pollution control systems by both regu-
latory agency compliance inspectors and source oper-
ators. However, the use of instrumentation, such as
static pressure gauges, thermocouples, oxygen ana-
lyzers and pitot tubes, has been limited by the lack of
adequate measurement ports on the existing control
systems. This report examines the parameter data re-
quirements and provides recommendations on meas-
urement port design and location.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Monitors,
"Measuring instrumentation, "Guidelines, Design crite-
ria, Performance evaluation, Pressure, Temperature,
Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Gas flow, Sites,
Concentration(Composition), Inspection.
PB8B-143062/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Lake Erie Oxygen Depletion Study, 1983-1984.
Final rept.,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Center for Lake Erie Area
R@s6drch
D. E. Rathke, and L. A. Fay. Nov 84,116p CLEAR/TR-
291
Grant EPA-R-005516-03
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Chi-
cago, IL. Great Lakes National Program Office.
Lake Erie has been monitored annually since 1970 to
determine lake eutrophication status and to discern
trends. The key parameter of interest is the oxygen
content during the late summer stratified period.
Oxygen budgets have been calculated for both the
central and eastern basins of Lake Erie since 1970
and the trend data has been summarized. In an effort
to reduce costs and variability in results, a 'homogene-
ous area' has been determined for both the central
and eastern basin. The oxygen depletion trend data re-
ported here has beeen calculated for the 'homogene-
ous area' only.
Keywords: "Oxygen, "Water pollution, "Lake Erie, Dis-
solved gases, Stratification, Heat budget, Depletion,
Summer, Water quality, Tables(Data), "Eutrophication,
Thermal stratification, Hypolimnion.
PB86-143484/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
High Temperature Dilute Acid Hydrolysis of
Waste Cellulose: Batch and Continuous Process-
es. Final rept. 25 Jun 77-31 Mar 81,
New York Univ., NY. Dept. of Applied Science.
W. Brenner, and B. Rugg. Nov 85,115p NYU/DAS-80-
21 /B, EPA/600/2-85/137
Grant EPA-R-805239
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The 5-year investigation on the dilute acid hydrolysis of
waste cellulose to glucose has emphasized the crucial
step of continuously converting cellulose to glucose.
Initial batch studies emphasized pretreatments to im-
prove accessibility of the cellulose, and established
suitable reaction conditions. Later a 1-ton/day pilot
plant was designed and constructed based on the ap-
plication of a Werner & Pfleiderer Twin Screw Extruder
Reactor to demonstrate this approach. The process
was tested using paper pulp (at 10% solids) and dry
hardwood sawdust (at 95% solids). Attractive energy
efficiencies and high conversion yields resulted. Up to
60% glucose conversion was achieved, based on the
available cellulose values without pretreatment. The
report presents a scheme for a continuous, produc-
tion-scale acid hydrolysis-fermentation facility based
on a waste cellulose feedstock for production of fuel-
grade ethanol.
Keywords: "Hydrolysis, "Cellulose, 'Acid treatment,
"Glucose, "Ethyl alcohol, High temperature tests, Fer-
mentation, Wood products, Paper industry, Perform-
ance evaluation, Fuels.
PB86-143S25/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Eagle Harbor Field Investigation, Winslow, Wash-
ington, April-May 1984,
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
D. Tetta, and D. Tangarone. Dec 85,109p EPA/910/9-
85/136
In March 1984 EPA was informed by the National Oce-
anic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the
results of sediment and bioassay sampling that had
been performed in Eagle Harbor. NOAA collected
sediment samples from six locations in the harbor and
performed a trawl for English sole at one of those
points. The results of the NOAA study showed sedi-
ment levels of PNA as high as 300,000 ppb. Bioassays
on the English sole taken showed that 85% had
tumors. In addition to the findings discussed in the
report, the Department of Ecology has analyzed clam
and crab samples taken from the harbor to determine
the extent of shellfish contamination. DOE and EPA
have also conducted historical assessments of indus-
trial activity in Eagle Harbor. The purpose of these as-
sessments was to determine what sources might have
contributed to the current level of pollution.
Keywords: "Sediments, "Flatfishes, "Water pollution,
"Ecology, Sampling, Shellfish, Neoplasms, Clams,
Crabs, Assessments, Industries, Metals, Hydrocar-
bons, Organic compounds, Chemical analysis, Sur-
veys, Washington(State), Eagle Harbor, Water pollu-
tion effects(Animals).
PB86-143633/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Pilot Anaerobic Biological Treatment of Pulp Mill
Evaporator Foul Condensate. Final rept.,
HydroQual, Inc., Mahwah, NJ.
E. J. Donovan. Dec 85,184p EPA/600/2-86/002
Contract EPA-68-03-3074
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The performance of three new anaerobic biological
treatment technologies were compared and evaluat-
ed. Data were obtained from the operation of pilot
plants representative of the anaerobic filter, anaerobic
upflow sludge bed, and anaerobic fluidized bed. A
review of recent literature presents information on
these technologies developed in laboratory, pilot-scale
and full-scale plants. The wastewater selected for the
study was the evaporator foul condensate from an am-
monia-based sulfite pulping mill at Procter and Gam-
ble's Mehoopany, Pennsylvania plant. During pilot
plant construction, laboratory screening studies were
conducted to determine wastewater characteristics
and anaerobic treatability. The pilot plants were oper-
ated for seven months. Results indicated that the an-
aerobic fluidized bed performance was excellent,
achieving high COD removals of 70 to 90 percent at re-
actor volumetric loadings from 7 to 100 kg/sq m/day.
Keywords: "Pulp mills, "Industrial waste treatment,
Performance evaluation, Anaerobic processes, Pilot
plants, Fluidized bed processors, Sulfite pulping, Evap-
orators, Fluid filters, Condensates, Sulfite pulping liq-
uors, Chemical oxygen demand, Upflow sludge bed.
PB8S-143872/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Tech 4 Credit Model: Estimates for Emlsalon Fac-
tors and Inspection and Malntsnance Credits for
1961 and Later Vehicles for MOBILE3. Technical
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
D. J. Brzezlnski. Oct 85,60p EPA/AA/IMG-85/6
The report provides the basis for the equations used in
MOBILE3 to predict the emission levels of 1981 and
newer gasoline powered light-duty passenger vehi-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
of vehicles in the Emission Factor data base separate-
ly for several technology types, such as fuel-injected
versus carbureted, and recombining the technologies
based on projected mixes to produce estimates of
emissions of future model years. The Tech IV Credit
Model is the computer software developed to calculate
the MOBILE3 emission factor estimates. In addition,
the model was used to estimate the emission reduc-
tions due to Inspection and Maintenance (l/M) pro-
grams for these vehicles. The emission levels of vehi-
cles in the sample identified by various test type and
cutpoint combinations were reduced to reflect repairs
due to the l/M program. After combining the repaired
and unrepaired vehicle emission levels, the overall re-
duction from the non-l/M base case is expressed as a
fraction of the base case. This reduction fraction is
scored in MOBILES and used to estimate fleetwide re-
ductions due to l/M programs.
Keywords: 'Inspection, 'Maintenance, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, 'Mathematical models, 'Air pollution control,
Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides,
Fortran, Concentration(Composition), Motor vehicles,
Computer programs, * Emission factors, 'Light duty
vehicles, 'MOBILE 3 models.
PB86-143880/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Enforcement In the 80's: Compliance with Envi-
ronmental Lawe.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Oct 85, 33p EPA/910/9-85/138
The report compares environmental enforcement data
in the Pacific Northwest from Fiscal Year 1982 through
Fiscal Year 1984. Section I covers combined state-
EPA enforcement efforts. Section II documents the in-
creased vigor of state enforcement programs. Section
III focuses on work by the Region 10 Office.
Keywords: 'Law enforcement, 'Regulations, 'Envi-
ronmental surveys, Comparison, State government,
Tables(Data), 'Pacific Northwest Region(United
States), Superfund program, EPA region 10, Clean Air
Act, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Toxic
Substances Control Act, Clean Water Act, Safe Drink-
ing Water Act, Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Ro-
denticide Act, Comprehensive environmental re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act.
PB86-144045/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Stationary Source Compliance Div.
Nitric Acid Plant Inspection Guide. Final rept.,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
G. Saunders, and E. Wyatt. Aug 84,169p EPA/340-
84/013
Contract EPA-68-01-4147
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Stationary Source Compliance Div.
The inspection guide was written and organized for
use by State and local enforcement field Inspectors.
The purpose of the guide is to aid in the development
of uniform evaluation procedure to determine compli-
ance with NSPS requirements for nitric acid plants.
The manual describes the operating principles for
nitric acid plants and control techniques that may be
used to determine compliance with regulatory require-
ments.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Nitric
acid, "Chemical industry, 'Guidelines, Inspection,
Regulations, State government, Design criteria, Per-
formance evaluation, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, 'Continuous emission monitoring systems,
'New source performance standards/State implemen-
tation plans.
PB86-144441/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
In-System Storage Control* for Reduction of
Combined Sewer Overflow, Saginaw, Michigan.
Executive Summary. Rept. for 1979-85,
Saginaw Dept. of Public Utilities, Ml.
W. C. Pisano, D. J. Connick, and G. L. Aronson. Sep
86,46p EPA/905/2-85/001 A
Grant EPA-S-005359
See also PB86-144458. Prepared in cooperation with
Environmental Design and Planning, Inc., Hanover,
MA. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Chicago, IL. Great Lakes National Program Office.
The report overviews the results of a recently complet-
ed five-year combined sewer overflow 
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
by a commercial gas supplier in aluminum cylinders in
a balance gas of nitrogen. The 5-component mixture
(Group I) contains carbon tetrachloride, chloroform,
perchloroethylene, vinyl chloride and benzene. The 9-
component mixture (Group II) includes trichloroethy-
lene, 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,2-dibromoethane, acetoni-
trile, trichlorofluoromethane (F-11), dichlorodifluoro-
methane (F-12), bromomethane, methyl ethyl ketone
and 1,1,1-trichloroethane. The 8-component mixture
(Group III) includes pyridine, vinylidene chloride, 1,1,2-
trichloro 1,2,2-trifluoroethane (F-113), 1,2-dichloro
1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (F-114), acetone, 1,4-diox-
ane, toluene, and chlorobenzene. To date 41 perform-
ance audits have been initiated and 35 are complete.
The results of these audits and description of the ex-
perimental procedures used for analyses and available
stability data are presented in this Status Report 2.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, *Gas cylinders, 'Au-
diting, "Solid waste disposal, "Incinerators, "Air pollu-
tion, Carbon tetrachloride, Chloroform, Vinyl chloride,
Halogen organic compounds, Performance evaluation,
State government, Stability, Experimental design,
Tables(Data), Gas analysis, Mixtures, Sources,
Concentration(Composition), Quality assurance, "Air
pollution detection, Procedures, Ethylene/perchloro,
Benzene.
PB86-144664/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Guide tor
Identifying Cleanup Alternatives at Hazardous-
Waste Sites and Spills: Biological Treatment.
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
Dec 85, 129pPNL-4601, EPA/600/3-83/063
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
The document provides guidance to help decide
whether or not biological treatment is an appropriate
component of the remedial action process at a hazard-
ous-waste site or spill. The guide describes biological
treatment methods, conditions and factors that limit
the use of biotreatment, and types of data needed to
evaluate and select biotreatment methods. Flow
charts are included to help users determine the useful-
ness of each biotreatment method at specific hazard-
ous-waste sites and spills.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Guidelines, Sites,
Substitutes, Biodeterioration, Microorganisms,
Lagoons(Ponds), Activated sludge process, Biologi-
cal processes, "Hazardous materials spills, "Remedial
actions, Environmental Protection Agency, Land treat-
ment, Bioaccumulation.
PB86-144672/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Movement of Contaminants from Oily Wastes
during Land Treatment,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
T. E. Short. Dec 85, 23p EPA/600/D-86/005
Land treatment is a method of handling wastes that
are used by the petroleum refinery industry and others.
This method allows the simultaneous treatment and
final disposal of the wastes. The soil properties and
biota are depended upon to degrade, transform or im-
mobilize the hazardous constituents of the wastes. A
mathematical model of the land treatment process has
been developed which will simulate the movement of
contaminants as oily wastes are degraded. The model
examines the fate of these constituents in the soil, oil,
water and air phases of the treatment system. The
model assumes no dispersion, local equilibrium, linear
partitioning of the contaminant between phases, vola-
tile losses by a modified Thibodeaux-Hwang approach,
first-order degradation kinetics, no migration of oil after
application, a uniform soil profile, and constant water
flux throughout the treatment zone.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Petroleum refiner-
ies, Soil properties, Reaction kinetics. Mathematical
models, Water pollution, Air pollution, "Land treat-
ment, "Land disposal, "Path of pollutants, "Oil wastes,
Liquid wastes.
PB86-144854	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Acute Toxicity of Lead Particulates on Pulmonary
Alveolar Macrophages: Ultrastructural and Mi-
croanalytical Studies. Journal article,
Duke Univ., Durham, NC.
C. R. deVries, P. Ingram, S. R. Walker, R. W. Linton,
and W. F. Gutknecht. c1983,11 p EPA/600/J-83/323
Prepared in cooperation with Veterans Administration
Medical Center, Durham, NC„ Research Triangle Inst.,
Research Triangle Park, NC., and North Carolina Univ.
at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Chemistry. Sponsored by
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Pub. in Laboratory Investigation, v48 n1 p35-44 Jan
83.
Although it is well established that respiratory uptake
of lead-containing particles plays a substantial role in
the epidemiology of plumbism, relatively little is known
about the role of the pulmonary alveolar macrophage
in lead poisoning. An in vitro system was designed to
investigate the effects of lead oxide particles of respi-
rable size on the rabbit alveolar macrophage. The
studies were concerned with the intracellular solubility
of PbO and Pb304 and changes in fine structure attrib-
utable to lead toxicity. The distribution of phagocy-
tosed lead and its intracellular reprecipitation complex-
es was established by electron microprobe analysis
and secondary ion mass spectroscopy in conjunction
with transmission electron microscopy, scanning elec-
tron microscopy, scanning transmission electron mi-
croscopy, and backscatter imaging. It was found that
Pb304,PbO and PbO-coated particles were ingested
by the rabbit alveolar macrophages and that each of
these lead oxide compounds produced similar damage
to the fine structure of the cell. (Copyright (c) 1983 by
the United States-Canadian Division of the Internation-
al Academy of Pathology).
Keywords: "Lead poisoning, "Toxicology, Lung, Re-
prints, "Macrophages, Bioaccumulation.
PB86-144862/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Methods for Mesoscale Modeling for Materials
Damage Assessment. User's Guide. Interim rept.
Nov 84-Oct 85,
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
F. W. Lipfert, L. R. Dupius, and J. W. Schaedler. Dec
85,62p EPA/600/8-85/028
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
Assessment of acid deposition damage to materials
requires as a minimum detailed knowledge of S02
(gas) and wet H( + 1) annual deposition fields on time
and space scales consistent with the mechanisms of
damage and the distribution of materials at risk. Meth-
ods for urban air quality S02 modeling are reviewed
and a set of simplified algorithms is presented suit-
able for relatively rapid assessment of a large number
of cities. The method is relatively 'meteorology free' in
that regional wind roses have been incorporated into
the parameterization rather than the use of site-specif-
ic wind roses. Separate algorithms are presented for
point and for area sources, and the mode is designed
to produce annual average concentration estimates
over 5-km grids. The Parameterized Air Quality Model-
Annual (PAQMAN), is designed to mimic the perform-
ance of the Ciimatological Dispersion Model (CDM).
McElroy-Pooler dispersion coefficients are used for
point sources, with Briggs' plume rise, and Pasquill-Glf-
ford dispersion coefficients are used for area sources.
PAOMAN results correlated well with CDM calcula-
tions for the New Haven-Pittsburgh Metropolitan Sta-
tistical Areas (MSAs) with correlation coefficients of
0.90 and 0.80, respectively. Comparisons between
PAQMAN and measured concentrations averaged
over each MSA were also favorable over the entire
spectrum of 112 MSAs.
Keywords: "Sulfurdioxide, "Mathematical models, "Air
pollution, "Damage, Assessments, Sites, Comparison,
Sources, Plumes, Urban areas, Wind(Meteorology),
Concentration(Composition), Hydrogen, "Air pollution
effects(Materials), "Air quality, Hydrogen ions. Wet
deposition, Parameterized air quality model, Ciimato-
logical dispersion model, Point sources.
PB86-144870/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Complex
Terrain Model Development: Description of a
Computer Data Base from Small Hill Impaction
Study No. 2, Hogback Ridge, New Mexico,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
L. E. Truppi. Dec 85, 99p EPA/600/3-86/002
See also PB83-220020.
The second field study of EPA's Complex Terrain
Model Development Program, Small Hill Impaction
Study No. 2, was conducted along a 1.5-km section of
the Hogback Ridge near Farmington, New Mexico in
October 1982. Eleven quantative tracer experiments
were performed, each lasting 8 hours at night or early
morning. Meteorological data were recorded on two in-
strumented towers up-wind of the ridge and two towers
on the slope. Data were direct and derived measures
of wind, turbulence, and temperature averaged at 5-
minute and 1 -hour intervals. Hourly profiles of wind,
temperature, pressure and humidity were recorded at
one tethersonde site upwind of the ridge, while another
tethersonde was held at the point of tracer release to
record wind and temperature at 13-second intervals.
Three sets of optical anemometers measured path-av-
erage wind speed across the base, slope and crest of
the ridge. Tracer gas concentrations, SF6 and Freon
13B1, were detected by a network of 110 sampler sites
on the ridge, and the values were recorded as 10-
minute ana 1 -hour concentrations. All data, meteoro-
logical and tracer, were stored on magnetic tape files
to form an accessible computer data base. Tape files
were fully documented to facilitate utilization of the
data base for modeling efforts.
Keywords: "Terrain models, "Air pollution, "Mathemat-
ical models, Plumes, Sulfur hexafluoride, Performance
evaluation, Concentration(Composition), Comparison,
Information system, Meteorology, "Tracer studies, "Air
pollution sampling, "Air quality, Hogback Ridge(New
Mexico), Freon 13B1.
PB86-145063/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Revised Standards for Basic Oxygen Process Fur-
naces - Background Information for Promulgated
Standards. Final Environmental Impact Statement.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Dec 85,67p EPA/450/3-82/005B
See also PB83-166488.
A New Source Performance Standard for secondary
emissions of particulate matter from basic oxygen
process furnace (BOPF) steelmaking shops is being
promulgated under authority of Section 111 of the
Clean Air Act. This final action is applicable to second-
ary emissions from any top-blown BOPF and to any
hot metal transfer station or skimming station used for
a bottom-blown or top-blown BOPF, for which con-
struction, reconstruction, or modification commenced
after Januaiy 20,1983. The purpose of the final stand-
ard is to minimize BOPF secondary particulate emis-
sions to the level attainable with the best demonstrat-
ed technology.
Keywords: "Environmental impact statements, "Fur-
naces, "Air pollution control, Standards, Emission,
Economic impact, "Basic oxygen process furnaces.
PB86-145182/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Ultraviolet Disinfection of Wastewaters from Sec-
ondary Effluent and Combined Sewer Overflowe.
Final rept. 1 May 81-1 Dec 84,
New York City Dept. of Environmental Protection.
O. K. Scheible, M. C. Casey, and A. Forndran. Dec 85
452p EPA/600/2-86/005
Prepared in cooperation with HydroQual, Inc.,
Mahwah, NJ. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH.-Water Engineering Flesearch
Lab.
A two-year, large-scale pilot investigation was con-
ducted at New York City's Port Richmond Water Pollu-
tion Control Plant to demonstrate the application of ul-
traviolet (UV) disinfection to secondary effluent and to
determine the feasibility of applying UV to the disinfec-
tion of wastewater similar to combined sewer overflow
(CSO). Three different systems were operated. The
UV process was very effective in the disinfection of
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
secondary effluent. Overall, the study demonstrated
that log survival ratios of -3 to -4 could be achieved
consistently at practical system loadings. A major ele-
ment of the Port Richmond project was the develop-
ment of a rationally based protocol for the design of
the UV disinfection process.
Keywords: 'Overflows, 'Combined sewers, 'Sewage
treatment, Ultraviolet radiation, Disinfection, Waste
water, Feasibility, Performance evaluation, Mathemati-
cal models, Design, Tables(Data), Pilot plants, Ultra-
violet lamps, Spacing, Density(Mqss/volume), Con-
form bacteria, New York, Organic loading, Sewage
treatment plants.
PB86-145422/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
PIC (Products of Incomplete Combustion) Forma-
tion under Pyroiytlc and Starved Air Conditions.
Rept. for Oct 84-Oct 85,
Dayton Univ., OH. Research Inst.
B. Dellinger, D. L. Hall, J. L. Graham, S. L. Mazer, and
W, A. Rubey. Jan 86, 57p EPA/600/2-86/006
Grant EPA-R-810783
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
A comprehensive program of laboratory studies based
on the non-flame mode of thermal decomposition pro-
duced much data on PIC (Products of Incomplete
Combustion) formation, primarily under pyrolytic and
starved air conditions. Most significantly, laboratory re-
sults from non-flame studies were compared to those
from various field tests to evaluate incinerability rela-
tionships. Measurement of gas-phase thermal stability
in an atmosphere of low oxygen concentration yielded
results of incinerability ranking that were far more con-
sistent with the findings from field tests than any one of
several common methods applied in the past such as
those that employed heat of combustion, autolgnition
temperature, etc. The results of four experimental
studies were presented as significant contributions to
developing/expanding the data base on POHC (Princi-
pal Organic Hazardous Constituent) stability and PIC
formation for pure compounds and mixtures.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Incinerators, 'Air
pollution, 'Waste disposal, Design criteria, Combus-
tion products, Industrial wastes, Performance evalua-
tion, Pyrolysis, "Principal organic hazardous constitu-
ents, 'Products of incomplete combustion.
PB86-145430/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
In vitro Modeling in Neurotoxicology,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
B. Veronesi. Jan 86, 39p EPA/600/D-86/004
Many toxicologists in academic, industrial and govern-
mental sectors consider in vitro (i.e. cell and tissue cul-
ture) alternatives to animal toxicity testing as inevitable
given the sheer volume of new chemicals and the time
and cost confines of conventional methodologies. For
Neurotoxicologists. in vitro systems ranging from
tumor cell lines (i.e., neuroblastomas, gliomas, and
pheochromocytomas) to organotypic explants provide
rapid, inexpensive models for either screening putative
neurotoxicants or addressing their mechanisms(s) of
action. Ideally, a variety of methodologies are available
to the investigator, since no single technique will be
able to detect all possible neurotoxic and-points. As-
suming the accessibility, a chemical's toxic potential
can best be addressed using a tier approach in which
neurotoxic assessment progresses from the simple, in-
expensive and less specific assay (e.g., cell lines) to
the more complex, technically demanding and defini-
tive assay (e.g., tissue explant).
Keywords: 'Toxicology, In vitro analysis, Models, Neo-
plasms, Bioassay, 'Neurotoxicology, Cell lines.'
PB86-145455/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluating the Us# of Granular Activated Carbon
at Passaic Valley, New Jeraey. Final rept. Mar 78-
Oct 81,
Passaic Valley Water Commission, Clifton, NJ.
W. R. Inhoffer. Jan 86, 58p EPA/600/2-86/008
Prepared in cooperation with Little Falls Filtration
Plant, Totowa, NJ. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
An 11,500 cu m/day (3MGD) side stream of treated
Passaic River water was routed to three pressure ves-
sels in parallel, each containing a different commercial
brand of granular activated carbon. For 13 weeks the
virgin adsorbents were monitored for the following pa-
rameters: organic carbon, organic halogens, and tnirty-
six specific organic compounds. The adsorbents were
regenerated on-site using an electric (infrared) tunnel
furnace (45 kg/hr) and following regeneration, re-
turned to service. This cycle was repeated three times.
The efficiency of regeneration depended on the pa-
rameter used as the index of restoration. The iodine
numbers, apparent densities, and effective sizes were
virtually unchanged. The ash content increased while
the capacity for removing free chlorine decreased
upon regeneration. The ash content increase was
probably the result of chloride and sulfide build-up. The
capacity for removing total organic halogen was re-
stored to about 50% of its original (virgin) capacity.
The capacity for removing total organic carbon also
decreased after the first regeneration, but then in-
creased following the second and third regeneration.
The pore volume and pore area were measured after
the second regeneration, and both declined. Fluoro-
metric and ultraviolet absorbance measurements did
not prove to be useful surrogates for monitoring either
regeneration or performance. The total cost of regen-
eration, excluding amortized furnace and appurte-
nances costs, was approximately $0.50/Kg (20 to 25
cents/lb) of activated carbon.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Adsorbents, Cost anal-
ysis, Potable water, Halogen organic compounds,
Carbon, Performance evaluation, Infrared heating,
"Granular activated carbon treatment, Passaic
Valley(New Jersey).
PB86-145463/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Design Considerations for Ceramic Fine Bubble
arid Dlffuser Systems,
Houck (D.H.) Associates, Inc., Silver Spring, MD.
D. H. Houck. Jan 86,9p EPA/600/M-86/003
Pub. in Water Engineering and Management, Refer-
ence Handbook 85, v104 n7 pR-8 - R-13, 31 Jul 85.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Experience shows that dome or disk ceramic grid dif-
fuser systems can be applied successfully and with
major energy and operating cost savings in larger
treatment plants treating primarily domestic wastes.
The results of plant surveys in Europe and North Amer-
ica and the findings of extensive research on the
design and operation of ceramic fine bubble dome and
disk diffuser systems that are given here are useful for
those concerned with designing or planning to acquire
these systems.
Keywords: 'Performance evaluation, 'Aeration,
'Sewage treatment, Diffusers, Design, Operating
costs, Tanks(Containers), Area, Surveys, Europe,
United States, Reprints.
PB86-145471/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Application of Portable Microproceesor-Based
System for Electrophysiological Field Testing of
Neurotoxicity,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D. Otto, S. Baumann, and G. Robinson. Jan 86,19p
EPA/600/D-86/008
Prepared in cooperation with Illinois Univ. at Urbana-
Champalgn, and North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
A portable microprocessor-based system designated
PEARL II has been developed for neurotoxicity testing
in human populations. PEARL II provides a flexible and
powerful data acquisition capability to record sensory
evoked potentials (auditory, visual and somotosen-
sory), event-related slow potentials (CNV, P300) and
behavioral measures. PEARL II has been mounted in a
mobile laboratory to facilitate field testing. Data ob-
tained in pediatric lead studies are provided for illustra-
tion.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Medical equipment. Humans,
Behavior, 'Neurotoxicology, Evoked potentials, Micro-
processors, PEARL II.
PB86-145489/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Impact of Primary Sulfate and Nitrate Emissions
from Selected Major Sources. Phase 2: Sulfuric
Acid Plant and Pulp and Paper Mill. Rept. for. Jan
81-Jun 85,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
J. D. McCain, W. G. Kistler, and D. H. Carnes. Jan 86,
163p EPA/600/3-86/003
Contract EPA-68-02-3460
See also PB86-103678. Prepared in cooperation with
TRC Environmental Consultants, Inc., East Hartford.
CT. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences
Research Lab.
The report covers Phase two of a two phase study of
the near source impacts of primary sulfate and nitrate
emission sources. The phase two portion of the study
was an investigation of the impact of the emissions
from a sulfuric acid plant, and a pulp and paper mill.
The study was designed to measure the increases in
the ground-level ambient air sulfate and nitrate con-
centrations resulting from the plant's emission within
ten kilometers of the plants. The field sampling in-
volved concurrent sampling at the. source and in the
ambient upwind and downwind of the plants for partic-
ulate matter, sulfates, nitrates, sulfuric acid, nitric acid,
S02, and NOx. The tests were conducted in Savan-
nah, Georgia and were centered around a sulfuric acid
plant operated by American Cyanamid; Inc., and a pulp
and paper mill operated by the Union Camp Corpora-
tion. Both plants operated at full capacity throughout
the tests. The Factor analyses based on elemental
analyses of the ambient air particulate samples, the
plants emission and local soil samples indicated that
wind blown soil was the dominant source of ambient
particulate matter. The target sources were responsi-
ble for only a small fraction of sulfate and nitrates. The
major source appeared to be secondary aerosols, per-
haps dominated by long-range transport.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Sulfates, 'Inor-
ganic nitrates, 'Air pollution, 'Sulfate pulping, 'Kraft
paper. Paper industry, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Sources, Wind(Meteorology), Transport
properties, Concentration(Compositlon), Aerosols,
Particles, Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid, Sulfur dioxide, Nitro-
gen oxides, Soil analysis, Case studies, American Cy-
anamid Incorporated, Union Camp Corporation,
Savannah(Georgia).
PB86-145505/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Thermal Destruction of Hazardous Waste,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
E. T. Oppelt. Jan 86,51p EPA/600/D-86/007
Since 1982, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) has been conducting performance assessments
of hazardous waste thermal destruction facilities in the
United States. The principal objective of these tests
has been to characterize emissions and determine if
these facilities are capable of meeting the waste de-
struction and control requirements of the current EPA
regulations and standards. To date the test program
has Involved performance assessments at nine incin-
erators and over twenty high temperature industrial
processes employing hazardous waste as a fuel sup-
plement in their operations. The testing has typically
involved stack emissions assessment for SOx, NOx,
particulate, HCI, CO, C02, 02, metals, total hydrocar-
bon, and quantification of specific organic compound
emissions. Engineering and other process operating
variables (e.g., excess air, steam load, waste to fuel
ratio) have also been recorded during the test program
in order to examine the potential operating bounds for
these facilities. The purpose of the paper is to summa-
rize the extensive results of the testing program which
has, in general, indicated that high organic compound
destruction and removal efficiencies (99.99 percent)
are achievable in these facilities. Effective (99 percent)
control of HCI emissions was attained in facilities em-
ploying chlorinated organic wastes. The current EPA
paniculate standard of 180 mg/dry cu m was the most
difficult standard to attain for incinerators.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Incinerators, 'Air
pollution control, 'Particles, Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen
oxides, Carbon monoxide. Carbon dioxide, Combus-
tion products, Assessments, Industrial wastes,
Oxygen, Metals, Hydrocarbons, Organic compounds,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Performance evaluation, "Waste utilization, Refuse
derived fuels.
PB86-145539/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Hazardous Waste Treatment Technology.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Jan 86, 78p EPA/600/D-86/006
Hazardous waste may be stored, treated and disposed
in a variety of ways. Treatment technology exists today
for detoxification or destruction of wastes in an envi-
ronmentally acceptable manner through physical,
chemical and biological means. This volume covers
several common alternative technologies for treat-
ment of hazardous wastes as well as several emerging
alternative technologies that show promise for future
application. Thermal destruction of wastes through in-
cineration, reaction with molten glass, etc., is not in-
cluded as part of this effort. Alternative technologies
are taken to be those that provide treatment tech-
niques for waste other than landfilling, landfarming, or
lagooning. These alternatives are further subdivided
into existing and emerging technologies depending on
whether or not they have been proven in full scale
tests and adopted for commercial use.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Chlorine organic
compounds, "Water pollution control, "Waste treat-
ment, Technology, Earth fills, Substitutes, Forecasting,
Detoxification, Materials recovery, Ground water, Sur-
face water, Soils, Microorganisms, "Biological proc-
esses, "Physical chemical treatment, "Chemical treat-
ment, "Physical treatment, "Water pollution abate-
ment, Biotechnology.
P886-14S547/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Div.
Validation of the Volatile Organic Sampling Train
(VOST) Protocol. Volume 1. Laboratory Validation
Phase. Final rept.,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
T. J. Logan, R. G. Fuerst, M. R. Midgett, and J.
Prohaska. Jan 86,293p EPA/600/4-86/014A
Contract EPA-68-02-3767
See also PB86-145554. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Quality Assurance Div.
The measurement of volatile organic emissions from a
hazardous waste incinerator is one of the more difficult
source testing problems. Specific compounds called
principal organic hazardous constituents (POHC) are
to be identified and quantified at levels of 0.5 to 100
ppb in hot, wet incinerator exhaust gas, which may
also contain high particulate and acid levels. The pro-
tocol, which describes the practices used by laborato-
ries making these measurements, allows for several
alternative designs and operating procedures. The
paper describes an experimental program to evaluate
under controlled conditions in the laboratory as many
of the acceptable practices as possible. It describes
the results of sampling at various concentration levels
using two tube configurations, two moisture levels and
other procedural variations. These results have led to
conclusions about the specific VOST procedures to be
followed during the field validation studies.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Hazardous materials,
"Trace elements, "Incinerators, Sampling, Perform-
ance evaluation, Quality assurance, Solid waste dis-
posal, Industrial wastes, Combustion products. Chemi-
cal analysis, Sites, Experimental design, "Volatile or-
ganic sampling trains, "Air pollution sampling, Air pol-
lution detection, Principal organic hazardous constitu-
ents.
PB86-145S54/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Div.
Validation of the Volatile Organic Sampling Train
(VOST) Protocol. Volume 2. Field Validation
Phase. Final rept.,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
T J Logan, R. G. Fuerst, M. R. Midgett, and J.
Prohaska. Jan 86,304p EPA/600/4-86/014B
Contract EPA-68-02-3767
See also PB86-145547. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Quality Assurance Div.
With the development of the Volatile Organic Sampling
Train (VOST) Protocol (February 1984) to measure or-
ganic emissions from hazardous waste incinerators, a
wide variety of compounds have been collected and
analyzed. Because its use is currently being recom-
mended by regulatory agencies to measure emissions
for compliance determinations, the VOST Protocol
must be subjected to a methods validation study. The
VOST validation program consists of two phases: lab-
oratory validation studies and field test validation stud-
ies. The report documents the results of the field test
validation phase. Because of the variety of organic
compounds to which this method will inevitably be ap-
plied, the almost unlimited number of permutations
that could be conceived made a comprehensive vali-
dation impractical. Recommendations relative to
method improvements, quality assurance measures
and other aspects of VOST sampling and analysis pro-
cedures are also discussed.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Hazardous materials,
"Trace elements, "Incinerators, Field tests, Sampling,
Performance evaluation, Quality assurance, Solid
waste disposal, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Chemical analysis, Sites, 'Volatile organic sam-
pling trains, "Air pollution sampling, Air pollution detec-
tion.
PB86-145612/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Impacts of Wastewater Disposal Practices on the
Ground Water of the North Carolina Barrier Is-
lands. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Oct 85,471 p EPA/904/9-85/139
EPA Region IV recently completed a study of the im-
pacts of wastewater disposal on the ground water of
three areas of the North Carolina barrier islands; Kill
Devil Hills, Atlantic Beach/Pine Knoll Shores and Surf
City. The study was performed in response to ques-
tions resulting from EPA Region IV's North Carolina
Barrier Islands EIS (1984). The study demonstrated a
simple model for describing the observed ground-
water level changes caused by disposal of wastewater
to the shallow aquifer system. The study also exam-
ined what were found to be the generally minor im-
pacts of wastewater disposal on ground-water quality
in the three study areas.
Keywords: "Sewage disposal, "Ground water, "Water
pollution control, Mathematical models, Shallow water,
Aquifers, Environmental impacts, Water quality, Land
use, Hydrogeology, Tables(Data), Water wells, Litholo-
gy, Ground water recharge, Water table, North Caroli-
na, "Barrier Islands, Water levels, "Groundwater
movement, Path of pollutants.
PB86-14S620/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Control of Cadmium Carbonate Precipitation
Interferencea during the Dialysis of Cadmium in
High Bicarbonate Alkalinity Aquatic-Life Bioassay
Waters,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. E. Poldoski. Dec 85, 32p EPA/600/3-86/001
The precipitation of cadmium carbonate during the di-
alysis of cadmium in a high bicarbonate alkalinity natu-
ral water, was linked to a significant source of error
when determining dialyzate cadmium concentrations.
The relative standard deviation was reduced by ap-
proximately four-fold when this precipitation was con-
trolled by adding a particular preparation of humic acid
to the dialysis bag filling solution. Linear regression
correlation coefficients for sample-by-sample compari-
sons between resultant dialysis values and corre-
sponding free cadmium values, obtained by cadmium
ion selective electrode, were 0.90 or greater for con-
centrations in the range of 2 micrograms/L to 132 mi-
crograms/LCd(+2).
Keywords: "Cadmium carbonates, "Dialysis, "Cadmi-
um, "Water pollution, Natural resources,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Concentration(Composition),
Humic acid, Reaction kinetics, Water analysis, Com-
parison, Aquatic biology, "Water pollution detection,
Ion selective electrodes.
PB86-145661/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Gaseous HC1 and Chlorinated Organic Compound
Emissions from Refuse Fired Waste-to-Energy
Systems. Final rept.,
Scott Environmental Technology, Inc., Plumsteadville,
PA.
A. B. Nunn. Jan 86,76p EPA/600/3-84/094
Contract EPA-68-02-3486
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
The emissions from a water wall mass fired municipal
waste incinerator and a refuse derived fuel (RDF) fired
incinerator were sampled for chlorinated organic com-
pounds and hydrochloric acid (HCI). The sampling was
performed to evaluate the extractive sampling meth-
ods used to measure the compounds. Sampling the
chlorinated organic compound emissions was con-
ducted using a modified version of the EPA Reference
5 Method, which included an XAD-2 resin cartridge.
HC1 was sampled with an Impinger train using basic
absorbing solutions. The recovered chlorinated organ-
ics were separated into chlorophenols, chloroben-
zenes, poly-chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chlorinated
dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDDs), and chlorinated dibenzofur-
ans (CDFs), and quantitated. The results of the analy-
sis are presented in terms of the compounds distribu-
tions' within the sampling systems as well as the emis-
sion rates.
Keywords: "Incinerators, "Air pollution, "Solid wastes
disposal, Chlorine organic compounds, Hydrochloric
acid, Sampling, Extraction, Chemical analysis, "Munic-
ipal wastes, "Refuse derived fuels, "Air pollution sam-
pling, "Air pollution detection, Polychlorinated biphen-
yls, Chlorinated dibenzodioxins, EPA method 5,
Phenol/chloro, Benzene/chloro, XAD 2 resins.
PB86-145786/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Identification and Comparative Risk Assessment
of Airborne Carcinogens from Combustion
Sources,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. Lewtas, M. G. Nishioka, and B. A. Petersen. Jan 86,
54p EPA/600/D-86/013
Prepared in cooperation with Battelle Columbus Labs.,
OH., and Sciex, Inc., Worthington, OH.
The identification and assessment of airborne carcino-
gens has been significantly advanced by the use of
short-term genetic bioassays. Bioassay-directed frac-
tionation coupled with new organic characterization
methods has provided the tools needed to more effi-
ciently identify potential carcinogens in complex com-
bustion emissions and urban air samples. These stud-
ies have shown that a significant portion of the muta-
genicity is found in fractions more polar than polynu-
clear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). New mass spec-
trometry techniques have been developed to identify
and quantify the more polar mutagens in these sam-
ples. The comparative mutagenicity and carcinogen-
icity of a series of combustion emissions has been as-
sessed using dose-response studies in bacteria, mam-
malian cells and rodents. This data base has been
used to develop a comparative potency risk assess-
ment methodology for a series of combustion emis-
sions.
Keywords: "Bioassay, "Industrial medicine, "Exhaust
emissions, "Industrial wastes, "Air pollution, "Toxicol-
ogy, Exposure, Dosage, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocar-
bons, Combustion products, Gas analysis, Mass spec-
troscopy, Sampling, Distillation, Bacteria,
Cells(Biology), Assessments, Mutagens, Carcinogens,
Urban areas, Rodents, "Air pollution effects(Humans),
"Occupational safety and health, "Air pollution detec-
tion, "Health risks, "Air pollution effects(Animals).
PB86-145794/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
High Reactivity Sorbents for S02 Control,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
D. C. Drehmel, D. A. Kirchgessner, and S. L. Rakes.
Jan 86, 45p EPA/600/D-86/009
The paper discusses studies, relating to air pollution
control from coal-fired utility boilers, that show that the
primary variable affecting sorbent reactivity at high
temperature or at low temperature with water droplets
is surface area. For the development of high surface
area during furnace in|ection, some limestones appear
to be superior to others and can be selected accord-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ingly. Even more striking are the differences in surface
area development and sulfur capture between classes
of commercially available sorbents. Dolomitic sorbents
generally outperform their calcitic counterparts, and
hydrates are clearly preferable to carbonates on the
basis of S02 capture. It has been shown further that
sorbents can be modified in a number of ways to en-
hance their performance. Limestones can be precal-
cined to high surface areas and injected downstream
from the burner to preserve their reactivity. Calcitic ma-
terials can be pressure hydrated to increase their reac-
tivity over atmospheric hydrates, and hydration param-
eters can apparently be adjusted to increase reactivity
even further. Finally, additives are available that pro-
mote S02 capture in the full range of calcium-based
sorbents, and iron has been identified as an effective
promoter with minimal adverse effects when added to
the water of hydration for pressure hydrated materials.
Keywords: * Air pollution control, "Sulfur dioxide, "Sor-
bents, "Boilers, Performance evaluation, Surfaces, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Limestone,
Burners, "Limestone injection, Limestone scrubbing.
PB88-145802/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Primary Photochemical Processes of Acrolein.
Final rept.,
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder,
CO.
E. P. Gardner, P. D. Sperry, and J. G. Calvert. Jan 86,
104p EPA/600/3-86/005
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
Pollutants are removed from the atmosphere in a
number of ways: they can react with OH and OS, they
can be dry and wet deposited, photodissociate through
solar radiation, or they can be biodegraded. The report
presents the photodissociation processes of acrolein.
Quantum yields of acrolein loss are given. The domi-
nant reactions in the lower troposphere are the forma-
tion of C2H4 and CO. Also produced are CH2-CHCHO,
H,	CH2CH, and HCO radicals but at lower quantum
yields. Since the OH attack on acrolein is quite large
I.9	x 10 to the -11th power cu cm/molec s) ambient
levels of OH (about 10 to the 6th power molecules/cu
cm) will remove acrolein very rapidly usually about 15
hours. Thus, the major loss mechanism of acrolein in
the troposphere is through OH attack and the photo-
dissociation process is of negligible importance.
Keywords: "Photochemical reactions, "Acrolein, "Dis-
sociation, "Air pollution, Troposphere, Ultraviolet
spectroscopy, Reaction kinetics, Molecular structure,
Thermochemistry, "Chemical reaction mechanisms.
PB86-146230/HSU	CP T02
Gastrointestinal Chemical Absorption Database,
1967-March 1985. Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
V. Halpin, and K. Blood, 1985, mag tape EPA/560/7-
85/001, EPA/DF/MT-88/014
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products if you have questions.
The datafile contains 3273 articles on the absorption,
distribution, metabolism, and excretion of approxi-
mately 2600 chemicals for oral routes of administration
In laboratory animals or in man. Both quantitative and
qualitative studies were included. Extracted data fields
include number of figures, CAS registry number, chem-
ical name, chemical type, chemical characteristics,
study purpose, organism class, species name, strain,
test duration, and route/method. Articles were select-
ed from a literature search of Chemical Abstracts from
1967-March 1985.
Keywords: 'Data file, "Gastrointestinal system,
"Absorption(Biology). Magnetic tapes, Digestive
system, Metabolism, Excretion, Tissues(Biology), Lab-
oratory animals, Humans, Distribution, CAS registry
numbers, 'Toxic substances.
PB86-146511/HSU	CP T99
Microcomputer Programs for Particulate Control:
Section Failure; Baghouse; Plume Opacity Predic-
tion; and In-Stack Opacity Calculator. Software,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
L. E. Sparks. 1 Sep 85,4 diskettes EPA/600/8-85/
025, EPA/SW/DK-86/008
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskette,
double sided, double density compatible with the IBM
microcomputer. Diskettes are in the FORTRAN format.
Call NTIS Computer Products for price. Price includes
documentation, PB86-146529.
IBM-PC usable versions of several computer models
useful in particulate control are provided. The models
were originally written for the TRS-80 Model l-lll series
of microcomputers and have been translated to run on
the IBM-PC. The documentation for the TRS-80 ver-
sions applies to the IBM-PC versions. The programs
are written in FORTRAN and are provided in both
source (FORTRAN) and executable form. Some small
machine language routines are used to format the
screen for data entry. These routines limit the pro-
grams to IBM-PC and close clones. The minimum
hardware requirements are 256K IBM-PC or close
clone, a monochrome monitor, and a disk drive. A
printer is useful but not required. The following com-
puter programs are provided in the four-disk package:
(1) ESP section failure model, (2) GCA/EPA baghouse
model, (3) Plume opacity prediction model, and (4) In-
stack opacity calculator. All the models are document-
ed in EPA report Microcomputer Programs for Particu-
late Control, EPA-600/8-85-025a (PB86-146529). The
models provide useful tools for those involved in par-
ticulate control.
Keywords: 'Software, "Air pollution control equipment,
'Particles, Electrostatic precipitators, Flue gases,
Combustion products, Performance evaluation,
Plumes, Mathematical models, Aerosols, Opacity, Dis-
kette, Baghouses.
PB86-148829/H8U	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Microcomputer Programs for Particulate Control.
Documentation. Final rept. Jan-Jun 85,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. K. Owen, and A. S. Viner. Sep 85,318p EPA/600/
8-85/025A, EPA/SW/DK-86/009A
For system on diskette, see PB86-146511.Portions of
this document are not fully legible. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report describes the development of a set of pro-
grams especially for air-pollution related problems.
(The phenomenal growth of the microcomputer indus-
try has made it possible for anyone in industry to have
a relatively fast and easy-to-use computer. Unfortu-
nately, the specialized software needs of the air pollu-
tion community have not been met.) The report de-
scribes: microcomputer programs of electrostatic pre-
cipitator performance, an implementation of the GCA/
EPA baghouse model; an in-stack opacity prediction
program; and a plume opacity model. User benefits,
hardware/software requirements, and general restric-
tions are given, as well as brief descriptions of the the-
oretical models. A sample problem, which gives de-
tailed instructions on how to use the menus and obtain
desired results, is included for each program.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Particles,
Computer programs, Electrostatic precipitators, Flue
gases, Industrial wastes. Combustion products, Per-
formance evaluation, Plumes, Mathematical models,
Aerosols, Opacity, Baghouses.
PB88-147S27/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Evaluation of a Continuous Liquid-Liquid Extrac-
tor for Isolation and Concentration of Nonpolar
Organlcs tor Biological Testing in the Presence of
Humic Materials,
Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA. Environmental Studies
Inst.
R. J. Baker, and I. H. Suffet. Jan 86,33p EPA/600/D-
86/019
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
A continuous liquid-liquid extraction system (CLLE) for
concentrating trace organics from water into methyl-
ene chloride for analysis was designed, built and eval-
uated. The CLLE uses Teflon coils for phase contact
and gravity phase separation. The system includes a
self-contained excess solvent distillation chamber, so
the methylene chloride is recovered and recycled.
Fourteen organic model compounds in the presence
of humic material were used as test probes to evaluate
the CLLE. Recovery values were determined for these
compounds using CLLE and batch LLE (separatory
funnel liquid-liquid extraction), and CLLE recoveries
were found to be similar to those of batch LLE.
Keywords: "Water analysis, 'Extraction, "Organic
compounds, 'Bioassay, Humic acid, Separation,
Chemical analysis. Performance evaluation, Design
criteria, Laboratory equipment, Water pollution, 'Water
pollution detection.
PB86-147535/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Definition of a Hazardous Waste,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
R. D. Hill. Jan 86,16p EPA/600/D-86/018
The USEPA has promulagated regulation establishing
the criteria and characteristics of hazardous waste.
The criteria established include the following factors:
(1) the waste is associated with an identified waste
stream or contains constituents which are identified in
listings in the federal register (2) the waste exhibits
characteristics of hazardous waste as identified by a
series of analytical tests (3) the wastes are designated
at Acute Hazardous Waste by toxicity tests. The ana-
lytical tests relate to ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity
and extraction procedure test. The toxicity tests relate
to oral and dermal LD 50 tests. The European Eco-
nomic Community (EEC) countries have established a
list of Toxic and Dangerous Waste but each EEC coun-
try has a different interpretation of the definition of
these wastes. The USEPA has also developed a mani-
fest system which is required for tracking the transpor-
tation of hazardous waste from the generator, through
processing to the ultimate disposal.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Regulations,
"Waste disposal, "Definitions, Chemical analysis, Tox-
icity, Bioassay, Corrosion, Extraction, Dosage, "Toxic
substances, Land pollution, Listings, Federal register,
Hazardous materials transportation, Environmental
Protection Agency.
PB86-147618/HSU	PCS52.95/MF E04
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Stationary Source Compliance Div.
Utility FGD (Rue Qas Desulfurlzatlon) Survey: Oc-
tober 1983-September 1984. Volume 2. Design
Performance Data for Operating FQD Systems
(Part 1). Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
M. T. Melia, R. S. McKibben, and B. W. Pelsor. Oct 84,
715p EPA/340/1-85/014B
Contract EPA-68-02-3963
See also PB86-147626, and PB86-137262. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Stationary Source Compliance Div.
The report, which is generated by a computerized data
base system, represents a survey of operational and
planned domestic utility flue gas desulfurization (FGD)
system. The three volume set summarizes information
contributed by the utility industry, system and equip-
ment suppliers, system designers, research organiza-
tions, and regulatory agencies. The data cover system
design, fuel characteristics, operating history, and
actual system performance. Also included is a unit-by-
unit discussion of problems and solutions associated
with the boilers, scrubbers, and FGD systems. The de-
velopment status (operational, under construction, or
in the planning stages), system supplier, process,
waste disposal practice, and regulatory class are tabu-
lated alphabetically by utility company. Simplified proc-
ess flow diagrams of FGD systems, definitions, and a
glossary of terms are attached to the report. Current
data for domestic FGD systems show 124 systems in
operation, 25 systems under construction, and 68 sys-
tems planned. The current FGD-controlled capacity in
the United States is 47,255 MW.
Keywords: 'Electric power plants, *Air pollution con-
trol equipment, Surveys, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Scrubbers, Boilers, Industrial wastes, Com-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
bustion products, Waste disposal, Flue gases, "Flue
gas desulfurization systems.
PB86-147626/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Stationary Source Compliance Div.
Utility FGD (Flue Gas Desulfurization) Survey: Oc-
tober 1983-September 1984. Volume 2. Design
Performance Data for Operating FGD Systems
(Part 2). Final rept.,
PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
M. T. Melia, R. S. McKibben, and B. W. Pelsor. Oct 84,
618p EPA/340/1-85/014C
Contract EPA-68-02-3963
See also PB86-147618. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Stationary
Source Compliance Div.
The report, which is generated by a computerized data
base system, represents a survey of operational and
planned domestic utility flue gas desulfurization (FGD)
system. The three volume set summarizes information
contributed by the utility industry, system and equip-
ment suppliers, system designers, research organiza-
tions, and regulatory agencies. The data cover system
design, fuel characteristics, operating history, and
actual system performance. Also included is a unit-by-
unit discussion of problems and solutions associated
with the boilers, scrubbers, and FGD systems. The de-
velopment status (operational, under construction, or
in the planning stages), system supplier, process,
waste disposal practice, and regulatory class are tabu-
lated alphabetically by utility company. Simplified proc-
ess flow diagrams of FGD systems, definitions, and a
glossary of terms are attached to the report. Current
data for domestic FGD systems show 124 systems in
operation, 25 systems under construction, and 68 sys-
tems planned. The current FGD-controlled capacity in
the United States is 47,255 MW.
Keywords: "Electric power plants, "Air pollution con-
trol equipment, Surveys, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Scrubbers, Boilers, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Waste disposal, Flue gases, 'Flue
gas desulfurization systems.
PB86-147899/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Opacity Provisions: Background Information for
Promulgated Amendments. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Dec 85, 48p EPA/450/3-85/013
The promulgated opacity provisions require owners or
operators of affected facilities that are subject to opac-
ity standards in 40 CFR Part 60 to record and report
the opacity of emissions during the initial performance
test. These provisions implement Section 114 of the
Clean Air Act.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, "Standards, "Opaci-
ty, Performance tests, Recording, "Air quality, Clean
Air Act.
PB86-147923/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Sampling and Analysis Protocol for Assessing Or-
ganic Emissions from Stationary Combustion
Sources in Exposure Evaluation Division Combus-
tion Studies. Methods manual,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
J. S. Stanley, C. L. Haile, A. M. Small, and E. P. Olson.
Jan 82,40p EPA/560/5-82/014
Contract EPA-68-01-5915
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Pesticides and Toxic Sub-
stances.
The sampling and analysis methods described in the
report were specifically designed for use in an ongoing
nationwide survey of emissions of organic pollutants
from stationary combustion sources. The primary
focus of the survey is on polynuclear aromatic hydro-
carbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated aromatic hydro-
carbons including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and poly-
chlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). To date, these
procedures have been used by Midwest Research In-
stitute (MRI) to survey emissions from coal-fired utility
boilers a co-fired (coal + refuse-derived fuet) -utility
boiler 'and a municipal refuse incinerator The docu-
ment was prepared by MRI as a guideline for laborato-
524 Vol. 90, No. 24
ries who may participate in the study, and for other re-
searchers who wish to use these methods.
Keywords: "Gas analysis, 'Aromatic polycyclic hydro-
carbons, "Chlorine organic compounds, "Air pollution,
"Manuals, Sampling, Assessments, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Environmental surveys, Extrac-
tion, Quality assurance, Sites, Laboratory equipment,
"Air pollution detection, "Air pollution sampling, "Sta-
tionary sources, Coal fired power plants, Polychlorinat-
ed dibenzodioxins, Polychlorinated dibenzofurans,
Polychlorinated biphenyls, Refuse derived fuels, Pro-
cedures.
PB86-148111/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Predictive Test Methods: Permeation of Polymeric
Membranes by Organic Solvents,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
R. B. Spafford, G. D. Sides, and D. P. Segers. Jan 86,
9p EPA/600/D-86/022
Contract EPA-68-03-3113
See also PB86-148459. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering
Research Lab.
As the result of screening elastomeric materials that
may be suitable for formulating chemical-protective
clothing, a simple test method has been developed
that allows the prediction of the permeation of an or-
ganic solvent through a polymeric membrane. The test
method, based on liquid-immersion absorption and de-
sorption measurements, is simple, universal, and can
be carried out by technicians with minimal training.
Keywords: "Organic solvents, "Membranes, "Chemi-
cal resistance, Permeability, Polymers, Elastomers,
Protective clothing, Diffusion coefficients, Gloves, Per-
formance evaluation, Experimental design.
PB86-148129/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Gypsum Crystallization for Lime-
stone Flue Gas Desulfurization,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. C. S. Chang, and T. G. Brna. Jan 86,21 p EPA/600/
D-86/010
Contract EPA-68-02-3988
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper gives results of pilot plant tests using a
double draw-off crystallizer as the hold tank to improve
the gypsum dewatering properties of a forced oxida-
tion limestone flue gas desulfurization process. A hy-
droclone was used as the size classification device for
solids separation and fines removal. Compared with a
mixed tank crystallizer, the double draw-off crystallizer
resulted in a 45% reduction in free moisture within the
filter and a 58% increase in filtration rate.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment. "Gypsum,
"Crystailizers, Dewatering, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, Fines, Comparison, Performance eval-
uation, Separation, Flue gases, "Flue gas desulfuriza-
tion systems, "Limestone scrubbing.
PB86-148137/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Applications of Molecular Connectivity Indexes
and Multivariate Analysis in Environmental Chem-
istry,
Minnesota Univ.-Duluth.
G. J. Niemi, R. R. Regal, and G. D. Veith. Jan 86,16p
EPA/600/D-86/017
Pub. in Environmental Applications of Chemometrics,
ACS Symp. Series 292, p148-159 1985. Sponsored by
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
The authors have developed a data matrix of 90 varia-
bles calculated from molecular connectivity indices for
19,972 chemicals in the Toxic Substance Control Act
(TSCA) inventory of industrial chemicals. The first
three principal components convey generalized infor-
mation on chemical structure: size, degree of branch-
ing, and number of cycles. The other components con-
tained more specific information on branching, bond-
ing, cyclicness, valency, and combinations of these
structural attributes. Here the authors explored the use
of the connectivity indices and their calculated princi-
pal components for their potential in predicting biode-
gradation as measured by biochemical oxygen
demand (BOD) and the octanol/water partition coeffi-
cient. This approach showed promise in the prediction
of biodegradation, but was of limited use in the predic-
tion of the partition coefficient. Because it is possible
to calculate the connectivity indices at a nominal cost
for nearly all chemicals, the approach will prove espe-
cially useful for the identification of chemicals with
similar structures and for systematically exploring
where data are lacking on biological endpoints for
chemicals in TSCA.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Chemical com-
pounds, "Molecular structures, Industrial wastes, Bio-
chemical oxygen demand, Partition coefficients, Bio-
deterioration, Chemical bonds, Statistical analysis,
Forecasting, "Toxic substances, Toxic Substance
Control Act.
PB86-148145/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Calcination of Calcium-Based Sorbents for Con-
trol of S02 Emissions from Coal Fired Boilers,
Utah Univ., Salt Lake City. Dept. of Chemical Engineer-
ing.
D. J. Harrison, G. H. Newton, and D. W. Pershing. Jan
86,26p EPA/600/D-86/015
Grant EPA-R-811001
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper summarizes the results of an experimental
study that focused on the production of high surface
area materials from various sorbents. (NOTE: Injecting
calcium-based sorbents into coal burning utility boilers
to control S02 emissions is being considered by the
EPA as an acid rain control technology because cap-
ital equipment requirements are small and the process
is entirely dry. Both theoretical calculations and experi-
mental results indicate that S02 capture is strongly re-
lated to the surface area of the calcined sorbent. Thus,
an improved understanding of the formation of surface
area is required for the complete optimization of the
sorbent injection process.) Weight loss and B.E.T. sur-
face area data were obtained as a function of resi-
dence time and furnace temperature for 14 different
sorbents which were members of 4 distinct classes: li-
mestones, dolomites, hydrated limes, and pressure hy-
drated dolomitic limes. The results demonstrate major
differences between classes of sorbents. In general,
the hydrated limes calcined faster and produced
higher surface areas than the corresponding carbon-
ates. The dolomitic materials also produced higher
surface areas than the comparable calcitic sorbents.
Pressure hydrated dolomitic limes performed the best,
producing surface areas in excess of 140 sq m/g; the
limestones performed the worst.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Sorbents, "Sulfur di-
oxide, "Boilers, Experimental design, Limestone, Cal-
cium oxides, Dolomites, Surfaces, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products.
PB86-148160/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Activated Carbon for Enhanced
COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) Removal from
Pharmaceutical Wastewater. Volume 1. Final
Report. Rept. tor Apr 84-Dec 85,
Jordan (Edward C.) Co., inc., Portland, ME.
R. Osantowski, and R. Wullschleger. Dec 85,188p
EPA/600/2-86/004A
Contracts EPA-68-02-3928, EPA-68-01 -6675
See also PB86-148178. Prepared in cooperation with
Rexnord, Inc., Milwaukee, Wl. EnviroEnergy Technolo-
gy Center, and Environmental Science and Engineer-
ing, Inc., Gainesville, FL. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering
Research Lab.
From September to December, 1984 pharmaceutical
plant wastewater containing high concentrations of
total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) in the raw
waste and treated effluent was treated in trailer mount-
ed pilot plants. The biological treatment train used to
treat raw wastewater consisted of three activated
sludge systems operated in parallel. Powdered activat-
ed carbon (PAC) was added to two of the units in se-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The physical-chemical treatment train studied in the
treatment of pharmaceutical plant effluent consisted of
chemical coagulation with alum and anionic polymer;
pH adjustment with caustic (when needed); clarifica-
tion; multi-media filtration and granular activated
carbon (GAC) adsorption. The PAC enhanced biologi-
cal treatment train as operated during the test period
reduced influent TCOD concentration to well below the
plant best practicable control technology currently
available (BPT) TCOD level. PAC also improved the
settling rate of the mixed liquor suspended solids when
compared to the control.
Keywords: 'Drugs, "Industries, 'Activated carbon
treatment, 'Industrial waste treatment, Waste water,
Fermentation, Chemical reactions synthesis, Dosage,
Pilot plants, Reduction, Pharmaceutical industry, Point
sources, "Carbon oxygen demand, Secondary treat-
ment.
PB86-148178/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Activated Carbon for Enhanced
COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) Removal from
Pharmaceutical Wastewater. Volume 2. Appendi-
ces. Rept. for Apr 84-Dec 85,
Jordan (Edward C.) Co., Inc., Portland, ME.
Ft. Osantowski, and R. Wullschleger. Dec 85,369p
EPA/600/2-86/004B
Contracts EPA-68-02-3928, EPA-68-01-6675
See also PB86-148160. Prepared in cooperation with
Rexnord, Inc., Milwaukee, Wl. EnviroEnergy Technolo-
gy Center, and Environmental Science and Engineer-
ing, Inc., Gainesville, FL. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering
Research Lab.
From September to December, 1984 pharmaceutical
plant wastewater containing high concentrations of
total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) in the raw
waste and treated effluent was treated in trailer mount-
ed pilot plants.The biological treatment train used to
treat raw wastewater consisted of three activated
sludge systems operated in parallel. Powdered activat-
ed carbon (PAC) was added to two of the units in se-
lected dosages. The third unit was used as a control.
The physical-chemical treatment train studied in the
treatment of pharmaceutical plant effluent consisted of
chemical coagulation with alum and anionic polymer;
pH adjustment with caustic (when needed); clarifica-
tion; multi-media filtration and granular activated
carbon (GAC) adsorption. The PAC enhanced biologi-
cal treatment train as operated during the test period
reduced influent TCOD concentration to well below the
plant best practicable control technology currently
available (BPT) TCOD level.
Keywords: 'Drugs, 'Industries, 'Activated carbon
treatment, 'Industrial waste treatment, Waste water,
Fermentation, Chemical reaction synthesis, Dosage,
Pilot plants, Reduction, Pharmaceutical industry, Point
sources, "Carbon oxygen demand, Secondary treat-
ment.
PB86-148210/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Application of the Empirical Kinetic Modeling Ap-
troach to Urban Areas. Volume 3. Philadelphia,
ystems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
G. Z. Whitten, H. Hogo, N. M. Yonkow, R. G. Johnson,
and T. C. Meyers. Oct 85, t04p EPA/450/4-81/005C
Contract EPA-68-02-3376
See also PB82-114224. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach (EKMA) was
evaluated using the results of model applications in the
Philadelphia area, primarily by comparing results of the
Box model (OZIPM) that forms the basis of the EKMA
with those of more sophisticated models. The study
was carried out at several levels, beginning with eval-
uation of OZIPM and ending with an evaluation of the
control strategy predictions resulting from use of the
EKMA isopleth methodology. OZIPM results were
compared with those of the Urban Airshed Model
(UAM), which is listed as one of the EPA's preferred
models, and the Systems Applications Trajectory
models, as well as with those obtained with modified
versions of the original OZIPM model. The basic
OZIPM model is a simple moving air parcel, or box,
model that uses a detailed chemical mechanism for
surrogate propylene and butane hydrocarbons. The
model treats time-dependent precursor-emission fac-
tors and expansion of the air parcel. Entrainment is
treated by assuming that constant concentrations exist
outside the parcel. The primary emphasis of this com-
parison study was identification of features in the basic
OZIPM model that could explain differences between
the results of the OZIPM model and those of other
models.
Keywords: "Urban areas, 'Air pollution control, 'Math-
ematical models, Photochemistry, Ozone,
Concentration(Composition), 'EKMA models, 'Air
quality, Phiiadelphia(Pennsylvania), Urban airshield
model, OZIPP models, Emission factors, Chemical re-
action mechanisms.
PB86-148426/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Evaluation of Rural Air Quality Simulation Models.
Addendum B: Graphical Display of Model Per-
formance Using the Clifty Creek Data Base,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
W. M. Cox, G. K. Moss, J. A. Tikvart, and E. Baldridge.
Aug 85,60p EPA/450/4-83/003B
See also PB85-244135. Prepared in cooperation with
Computer Sciences Corp., Durham, NC.
The addendum uses a variety of graphical formats to
display and compare the performance of four rural
models using the Clifty Creek data base. The four
models included MPTER (EPA), PPSP (Martin Marietta
Corp.), MPSDM (ERT) and TEM-8A (Texas Air Control
Board), Graphic displays were developed and used for
both operational evaluation and diagnostic evaluation
purposes. Plots of bias of the average vs station down-
wind distance by stability and wind speed class re-
vealed clear patterns of accentuated underprediction
and overpredlction for stations closer to the source.
PPSP showed a tendency for decreasing overpredlc-
tion with increasing station distance for all meteorolog-
ical subsets while the other three models showed vary-
ing patterns depending on the meteorological class.
Diurnal plots of the bias of the average vs hour of the
day revealed a pattern of underestimation during the
nocturnal hours and overestimate during hours of
strong solar radiation with MPSDM and MPTER show-
ing the least overall bias throughout the day.
Keywords: "Electric power plants, "Air pollution,
'Mathematical models, Evaluation, Rural areas, Sulfur
dioxide, Statistical data, 'Air quality.
PB86-f484SS/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Predictive Models: Permeation of Polymeric Mem-
branes by Organic Solvents,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
G. D. Sides, D. P. Segers, E. F. Philpot, and A. S.
Bhown. Jan 86, top EPA/600/D-86/021
Contract EPA-88-03-3113
See also PB86-148111. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering
Research Lab.
Protective clothing (for example, gloves, aprons,
masks, and protective ensembles) is often constructed
in the form of barrier polymeric membranes. Perme-
ation testing, which is used frequently to screen candi-
date polymers for use as protective barrier is expen-
sive and time consuming-particularly when working
with compounds as toxic and as subject to regulation
as CW agents. The authors have recently reviewed the
literature and developed an initial approach to the pre-
diction of the diffusivities and solubilities of organic sol-
vents in polymers. A brief review of the applicable
theory will be presented. Predicted diffusivities and so-
lubilities for several solvent/polymer combinations will
be compared to experimental data.
Keywords: "Organic solvents, 'Membranes, "Chemi-
cal resistance, 'Mathematical models, Protective
clothing, Diffusion, Polymers, Elastomers, Protective
clothing, Reviews, Experimental design.
PB86-148467/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Factors Influencing the Composition and Quantity
of Paasenger Car Refueling Emissions. Part 1,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
T. J. Lemmons, and P. A. Gabele. Jan 86,34p EPA/
600/D-86/011
The paper describes the results of a study to examine
the effects of various experimental variables on the
quantity and composition of emissions associated with
motor vehicle refueling. Problems related to accurate
laboratory simulation of vehicle refueling are dis-
cussed. Preliminary results include emission rates for
total hydrocarbons, benzene, toluene and 81 other hy-
drocarbon compounds for a single test vehicle.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, "Air pollution, Experimen-
tal design, Hydrocarbons, Toluene, 'Refueling, "Emis-
sion factors, Benzene.
PB86-148475/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Relationship of Event-Related Brain Potentials
and Lead Absorption: A Review of Current Evi-
dence,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D. A. Otto. Jan 86, 32p EPA/600/D-86/012
The results of human and animal studies of the effects
of lead absorption on sensory evoked and slow brain
potentials are reviewed. These studies of flash evoked
potentials in rats produced conflicting evidence of in-
creased and decreased latericies, decreased ampli-
tude, and increased or decreased cortical excitability.
Studies of slow wave voltage in children during senso-
ry conditioning indicated a linear relationship to blood
lead level in two studies, an effect that could not be
replicated in an indendent sample of children. Results
of a fourth study indicated that slow voltage measures
were more sensitive to lead during active rather than
passive conditioning. Conflicting evidence of lead ef-
fects on pattern-reversal visual evoked potentials in
children was found in three studies. Evidence of in-
creased latencies-of brainstem auditory evoked poten-
tials at blood lead levels above 25/dl were reported in
two studies.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), "Toxicology, Absorption,
Senses, Humans, 'Heavy metals, Evoked responses,
"Neurotoxicity.
PB86-148483/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pharmacologic and Immunologic Approaches to
the Problems of Posttraumatic Glial Proliferation
Following CNS (Central Nervous System) Damage,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangfe
Park, NC.
M. L. Billingsley, J. P. O'Callaghan, andC. D. Balaban.
Jan 86,33p EPA/600/D-86/014
Prepared in cooperation with Milton S. Hershey Medi-
cal Center, Hershey, PA.
The authors have devised a pharmacologic approach
to block the proliferation of glial cells (gliosis) which
follows various forms ol trauma to nervous tissue. A
method was devised using the incorporation of 3H-thy-
midine incorporation into DNA of glial cells as a prolif-
erative index following mechanical trauma. Both bio-
chemical and histologic analysis revealed that treat-
ment of lesioned rats with cell-cycle specific antimitotic
agents such as .cytosine arabinoside reduced glial pro-
liferation as measured by both DNA synthesis and
morphologic quantitation of cell numbers around the
lesion. Treatment with cytosine arabinoside resulted in
the appearance of numerous unusual cells near the
lesion, with indications of aborted mitotic spindles in
many of these cells. Other antimitotic drugs such as
cyclophosphamide and vincristine were also able to in-
hibit glial proliferation. Additional experiments suggest-
ed that immunosuppression prior to iesioning greatly
reduced the proliferative response of glial cells.
Keywords: "Central nervous system, "Trauma, Phar-
macology, Immunology, Deoxyribonucleic acids, Bio-
chemistry, Histology, Rats, Laboratory animals, 'Glial
cells, Thymidine.
PB88-149192/HSU	PC A24/MF A01
Aneuploldy: Etiology and Mechanisms,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
V. L. Dellarco, P. E. Voytek, and A, Hollaender. Jan 86,
556p* EPA/600/9-86/003
Prepared in cooperation with Council for Research
Planning in Biological Sciences, Inc., Washington, DC.
The 'Symposium on Aneuploidy: Etiology and Mecha-
nisms' was held from March 25-29,1985. This Sympo-
sium developed as a consequence of the concern of
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
the Environmental Protection Agency with the support
of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sci-
ences about human exposure to environmental agents
that cause aneuploidy. These proceedings of the con-
ference contain what is currently known about the un-
derlying causes, the origins, and the extent of the prob-
lem of human aneuploidy, and whether exposure to
environmental agents is associated with an increased
incidence of aneuploidy in humans. Basic research
findings in the area of mitosis and meiosis are also pre-
sented and related to possible mechanisms of how an-
euploidy may be produced spontaneously and chemi-
cally. A survey of data regarding the chemical induc-
tion of aneuploidy in experimental organisms is pre-
sented. Outstanding scientists from different fields
were invited to cover a broad perspective of aneu-
ploidy from the molecular aspects to the human situa-
tion.
Keywords: "Meetings, Meiosis, Etiology, Humans, Mo-
lecular biology. Mitosis, 'Aneuploidy, "Toxic sub-
stances, Cytogenetics.
PB86-150042/HSU	PC A2S/MF A01
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guideline*, and Standards for the Pesticide Point
Source Category. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Industrial Technology Div.
G. M. Jett. Oct 85, 593p EPA/440/1-85/079
The report provides the technical data base for the
promulgation of effluent limitations guidelines for the
Pesticide Chemicals Industry. For the purpose of the
study, the Pesticide Industry consists of organic pesti-
cide chemicals manufacturers, metallo-organic pesti-
cide chemical manufacturers, and pesticide chemicals
formulator/packagers. Effluent limitations guidelines
for Best Available Technology, Economically Achieva-
ble, New Source Performance Standards, Pretreat-
ment Standards for Existing Source and New Sources
are promulgated under authority of the amended
Clean Water Act. The report addresses 126 priority
pollutants as well as nonconventional pesticide pollut-
ants under 40 CFR 455. Analytical methods for the pri-
ority pollutants and nonconventional pesticide are also
discussed. The principal groups of pollutants detected
or indicated by the process chemistry evaluation to be
present in untreated pesticide process wastewaters
were phenols, volatiles (aromatics, halomethanes, and
chlorinated ethanes and ethylenes), nitrosamines,
dienes, cyanide, metals and pesticides.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Guidelines, "Chemical indus-
try, "Regulations, "Water pollution, Standards,
Sources, Water analysis, Phenols, Nitroso com-
pounds, Amines, Cyanides, Metals, "Point sources,
"Water pollution detection, Best technology, New
source performance standards, Clean Water Act,
Volatile organic compounds, Dienes, Halomethanes.
PB86-150067/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Technical Support Document for Water Quality-
Based Toxics Control,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Enforcement and Permits.
R. Brandes, B. Newton, M. Owens, and E.
Southerland. Sep 85,114p EPA/440/4-85/032
The reports provides guidance for each step in the
water quality-based toxics control process from
screening to compliance monitoring; Section 1 dis-
cusses the advantages and disadvantages of two ap-
proaches to toxics control: toxicity testing and chemi-
cal specific assessment; Section 2, Water Quality Cri-
teria and Standards, contains a brief discussion of
water quality standards and the derivation of ambient
criteria to attain and maintain standards; Section 3, Ef-
fluent Characterization, describes procedures that pro-
vide the data needed to make decisions regarding
toxic impact. A two-tiered assessment approach is rec-
ommended; Section 4, Human Health Hazard Assess-
ment, describes procedures for assessing potential
human health hazards associated with effluents; Sec-
tion 5, Exposure assessment, describes procedures
for estimating exposure to toxicants and calculating ef-
fluent requirements based on ambient criteria ana ex-
posure; Section 6, Permit Requirements, describes
methods to develop water quality-based NPDES per-
mits.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Toxicity, "Water
pollution control, Instructions, Monitoring, Standards,
Public health, Exposure, Licenses, Requirements,
526 Vol. 90, No. 24
Waste disposal, Dilution, Mixing, Mathematical
models, Environmental impacts. Rivers, Estuaries.
PB86-150208/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Toxic and Priority Organic* in Municipal Sludge
Land Treatment Systems. Final rept. 1979-84,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
M. R. Overcash, J. B. Webber, and W. P. Tucker. Jan
86,151 p EPA/600/2-86/010
Grant EPA-R-806421
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The goal of the research reported herein was to begin
a methodical investigation of organic priority pollutants
applied to plant-soil systems at rates characteristic of
municipal sludge land treatment. A single chemical
was applied at rates of 0.1,10, and 100-fold of the ex-
pected value received during an annual application of
municipal sludge. The 14C-chemicals investigated
were in the following groups: polynuclear aromatics,
phthalic acid esters, and substituted aromatic com-
pounds. None of the organic priority pollutants studied
was entirely excluded from all plant species at the
rates of soil application utilized. The ratio of vegetation
fresh weight concentration of a chemical to the con-
centration loaded initially onto the soil (bioaccumula-
tion) was most typically less than 0.01 and always less
than 1.0. Of the crops studied (fescue, corn, soybeans,
wheat), no vegetation type was routinely the species
evidencing the highest uptake of the organic chemi-
cals used. Plant uptake appears to be largely governed
by the losses over time from the soil and the water sol-
ubility of a given chemical.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Sludge disposal, "Municipalities,
Organic compounds, Soils, Aromatic polycyclic hydro-
carbons, Farm crops, Phthalic acids, Esters,
Concentration(Composition), Losses, Solubility, "Land
application, Bioaccumulation.
PB86-150620/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Dioxln Emissions from Industrial Boilers Burning
Hazardous Materials,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
C. Castaldini, and R. A. Olexsey. Jan 86,38p EPA/
600/2-85/118
Contract EPA-68-03-3241
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Laboratory analyses for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-
dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans
(PCDF) were performed on waste fuels and stack gas
emission samples from five industrial boiler test sites
cofiring liquid hazardous wastes. Analytical results in-
dicate that, apart from creosote sludge, chlorinated
wastes were void of PCDD and PCDF compounds at
detection limits in the range of 0.045 to 4.17 ppb. Creo-
sote sludge cofired with wood waste in a stoker boiler
was found to contain 7.4 ppm of total dioxins, primarily
hepta and octa homologs.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Boilers, Industrial
wastes,	Combustion	products,
Concentration(Composition), Flue gases,
Tables(Data), Sites, "Dioxins, "Air pollution sampling,
"Liquid waste disposal, Polychlorinated dibenzodiox-
ins, Polychlorinated dibenzofurans.
PB86-151222/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Identification Manual for Phytoplankton of the
United States Atlantic Coast. Final rept.,
Old Dominion Univ., Norfolk, VA. Dept. of Biological
Sciences
H. G. Marshall. Jan 86,144p EPA/600/4-86/003
The identification manual is designed for general
usage by individuals who have not had formal training
in phytoplankton systematica or access to the numer-
ous keys and taxonomic references usually necessary
to identify marine phytoplankton. The manual contains
173 species, representing 9 taxonomic groups, that
the author considers among the more common spe-
cies found on the United States eastern coast. The
user is also provided with a list of additional identifica-
tion references for the major taxonomic groups, phyto-
plankton studies for the United States east coast, and
recommended collection and preparation techniques.
Keywords: "Phytoplankton, "Estuaries, "Water pollu-
tion, Taxonomy, Manuals, Identifying, Describing,
Sites, Morphology, Drawings, Coasts, Atlantic Ocean.
PB86-1S1339/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Validity of Effluent and Ambient Toxicity Testing
for Predicting Biological Impact on Five Mile
Creek, Birmingham, Alabama,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
D. I. Mount, A. E. Steen, and T. J. Norberg-King. Jan
86,107p EPA/600/8-85/015
Prepared in cooperation with EA Engineering, Science,
and Technology, Inc., Sparks, MD.
The report describes an investigation to determine the
validity of laboratory toxicity tests to predict biological
impact in receiving water. The lirst site visit in February
1983 was adversely affected by heavy rainfall immedi-
ately preceding and during the visit, two of the treat-
ment plants were discharging at twice their design
flows and stream sampling was difficult. The second
visit was in October 1983 when flow conditions were
acceptable. The results of this study combined with
those of previous published studies and ones yet to be
completed will be used to recommend the best avail-
able way to predict the impacts of discharges on bio-
logical communities using effluent and ambient toxicity
tests. The data from this study clearly indicate the utili-
ty of effluent toxicity tests.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Toxicity, "Streams, Envi-
ronment impacts, Field tests, Invertebrates, Plankton,
Minnows, Stream flow, Tables(Data), Industrial
wastes, Five Mile Creek, Alabama, Coke plants.
PB86-151347/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Estimating Pesticide Sorption Coefficients for
Soils and Sediment*,
Hawaii Univ., Honolulu.
R. E. Green, and S. W. Karickoff. Jan 86,46p EPA/
600/D-86/020
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Athens,
GA.
The organic carbon-referenced method of represent-
ing sorption of pesticides (K sub oc approach), Includ-
ing the assumptions inherent in the method and the im-
plications of these assumptions, for soils and sedi-
ments is described. Indirect methods of estimating K
sub oc values for pesticides and an alternative ap-
proach for determining pesticide distribution coeffi-
cients on a surface area basis are presented. To assist
potential users in mathematical modeling, a scheme
for selecting an appropriate estimation procedure is
outlined. Finally, various sources of existing data are
identified and described and K sub oc prediction equa-
tions are presented.
Keywords: "Estimating, "Pesticides, 'Soils, Sorption,
Mathematical models, Spatial distribution, Organic
compounds, Carbon, Mobility, Sediments, Path of pol-
lutants.
PB86-151677/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Control of Air Emissions from Hazardous Wast*
Combustion Sources: Field Evaluations of Pilot-
Scale Air Pollution Control Devices,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
C. W. WestbrooR, C. E. Tatsch, and L. Cottone. Jan 86
170p EPA/600/2-86/011
Contract EPA-68-03-3149
Prepared in cooperation with Engineering-Science
Fairfax, VA. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineer-
ing Research Lab.
Pilot scale air pollution control devices supplied by
Hydro-Sonic Systems, ETS, Inc., and Vulcan Engineer-
ing Company were installed at the ENSCO, Inc. Incin-
erator in El Dorado, Arkansas, in the spring of 1984
Each of these units treated an uncontrolled slipstream
of the incinerator exhaust gas. Simultaneous measure-
ment of the total particulate and HCI in the gag
streams were made at the inlet to and exit from the
units using an EPA Method 5 sampling train. Particle
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
also done. The units supplied by Hydro-Sonics Sys-
tems and ETS, Inc. exhibited a high degree of HCI and
particulate matter control. The Hydro-Sonic Tandem
Nozzle SuperSub Model 100 gave the best overall per-
formance for HCI and particulate control and ability to
accommodate the variable composition of the exhaust
gas.
Keywords: *Air pollution control equipment, 'Inciner-
ators, 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste disposal,
Field tests. Pilot plants, Industrial wastes, Particles.
Combustion products, Hydrogen chloride, Perform-
ance evaluation, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Hydro-Sonic
tandem nozzle supersub model 100, Hydro-Sonic
system, Vulcan Engineering Company.
PB86-151784/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Surface Coating of Plastic Parts for Business Ma-
chines-Background Information for Proposed
Standards. Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Dec 85,268p EPA/450/3-85/019A
Standards of Performance for the control of VOC
emissions from affected facilities that perform exterior
surface coating of plastic parts for business machines
are being proposed under authority of Section III of the
Clean Air Act. These standards would apply to each
new, modified, and reconstructed spray booth in which
plastic parts for business machines are surface coated
and that commence construction on or after the date
of proposal of the regulation. The document contains
background information and environmental and eco-
nomic Impact assessments of the regulatory alterna-
tives considered in developing the proposed stand-
ards.
Keywords; 'Sprayed coatings, Office machines, Plas-
tics, Standards, Air pollution, Environmental impacts,
Economical impact, Organic compounds, Pollution
control.
PB86-152246/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
New Standard Quid* for Performing the Mouse
Lymphoma Assay for Mammalian Cell Mutagenic-
ity.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
D. Clive, W. Caspari, P. E. Kirby, R. Krehl, and M.
Moore. Jan 86, 27p EPA/600/D-85/284
The purpose and scope of the standard guide is to
present background material and to establish criteria
by which protocols and procedures for conducting the
L5178Y/TK+/- -3.7.2C mouse lymphoma mutagenic-
ity assay (MLA) can be properly understood and evalu-
ated. These guidelines are also intended to aid re-
searchers ana others to gain a better understanding of
the critical elements involved with mammalian cell mu-
tagenicity testing. More specifically, the document is
intended to provide a guide to researchers that will ac-
complish the following goals: Provide an understand-
ing of the critical procedures (steps) involved in the
performance of the mammalian ceil mutagenicity test;
Provide generalized criteria by which researchers can
evaluate if they are properly performing, utilizing, and
interpreting the assay: Provide criteria by which individ-
uals responsible for evaluating mouse lymphoma mu-
tagenicity data can determine if the experiments have
been properly performed and interpreted.
Keywords: 'Bioassay, 'Toxicology, Standards, Crite-
ria, Cells(Biology), Mammals, Mice, Laboratory ani-
mals, 'Mutagenesis.
PB86-152402/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of Conventional Treatment Processes
for Removal of Mutagenic Activity from Municipal
Wastewaters. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
J. R. Meier, and D. F. Bishop. 1985,9p EPA/600/J-
85/252
The present study was conducted to evaluate the mu-
tagenicity of a domestic wastewater and a combined
domestic/industrial wastewater at various stages of
conventional treatment. Influent (raw wastewater) and
effluent samples were subjected to sequential acid/
base liquid-liquid extractions with methylene chloride
and the extracts were assayed for mutagenic activity in
the Ames test. S. typhimurium strain TA98 gave the
highest responses of the tester strains to mutagens
present (up to approximately 20,000 revertants/liter),
but activity was also detectable with strains TA1537
andTA100.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Water pollution con-
trol, 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Mutagens, Bioassay,
Extraction, Toxicology, Sampling, Public health, 'Mu-
nicipal wastes, Ames test.
PB86-15248S/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Effects of Aeration and Temperature on Com-
posting of Municipal Sludge In a Full-Scale Vessel
System. Journal article,
Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center,
Wooster.
G. A. Kuter, H. A. J. Hoitink, and L. A. Rossman. c1985,
9p EPA/600/J-85/251
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation
57, n4 p309-315 Apr 85. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering
Research Lab.
Trials were replicated in an aerated reactor vessel to
obtain quantitative data on the relationships between
aeration, temperature, and performance of municipal
sludge composting. Temperature, airflow, and carbon
dioxide evolution were monitored continuously in sec-
tions (6.1 by 3 m deep) of the reactor. Aeration was
regulated by temperature feedback to maintain sec-
tions of the reactor at widely different temperatures.
Rates of drying and volatile solids destruction were
considerably higher at mean temperatures of 40 de-
grees to 60 degrees C than at temperatures above 60
degrees C. Carbon dioxide evolution rates comparable
to those reported for laboratory composting trials indi-
cated optimal microbial activity at mean temperatures
between 40 and 60 C. High temperatures for pathogen
destruction were achieved readily toward the end of
the process by airflow reduction or reversal.
Keywords: 'Sludge, 'Composts, 'Municipalities, Aer-
ation, Temperature, Feces, Microorganism
control(Sewage), Carbon dioxide, Bacteria, Reprints,
'Sludge treatment.
PB86-152949/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Re-
search.
Erosion of Strip Mine Lands. Interim rept. 1 Sep 75-
31 Aug 60,
Agricultural Research Service, University Park, PA.
Northeast Watershed Research Center.
J. I. Sams, and A. S. Rogowski. Mar 84,89p EPA/600/
7-84/041
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Environmental Processes
and Effects Research.
The plot studies were carried out at Karthaus and Klin-
gerstown to verify the accuracy of the erosion pin
method of soil loss evaluation compared to soil loss
measured in runoff samples. Subsequently, field stud-
ies at Kylertown and Kittaning were used to apply
these methods. Kylertown site showed no concentrat-
ed areas of erosion for the 4 month study period. How-
ever, over the 12 year existence of this site, observ-
able rills and gullies have accounted for large soil
losses. When erosion pins are used with the surface
contouring program areas of potential concentrated
soil loss can be readily located on reclaimed strip
mines. For best results it is recommended that the ero-
sion pins be initially placed In a grid network on slope
of interest.
Keywords: 'Land reclamation, 'Soil erosion, 'Strip
mining, Field tests, Soils, Losses, Runoff, Sites, Gul-
lies, Slopes, Rainfall, Computer programming, Penn-
sylvania, Maps, 'Erosion pin method,
Karthaus(Pennsylvanla), Klingerstown(Pennsylvania),
Kylertown(Pennsylvania).
PB86-154135/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Economic Impact Analysis of Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Metal Molding
and Casting (Foundry) Industry. Final rept.
Policy Planning and Evaluation, Inc., McLean, VA.
Sep 85,194p EPA/440/2-85/028
Contract EPA-68-01-6731
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Water Regulations and
Standards.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency issued ef-
fluent guidelines and limitations for the Metal Molding
and Casting Industry in September 1985. The report
estimates the economic impact of pollution control
costs incurred by plants in the industry in terms of po-
tential plant closures, employment effects, profitability
effects, and other measures. A model plant approach
is used to assess these impacts on the 800 domestic
plants affected by the regulation. The model plant
analysis is based on five industry subcategories (fer-
rous, aluminum, copper, zinc, and magnesium) and re-
flects different plant sizes and casting processes.
Keywords: 'Economic impact, 'Water pollution eco-
nomics, 'Guidelines, 'Metal industry, 'Castings,
'Foundries, Employment, Profits, Cost estimates,
Technology, Iron, Aluminum, Copper, Zinc, Magnesi-
um, Industrial plants.
PB86-154168/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Guidance Manual on Overtopping Control Tech-
niques for Hazardous Waste Impoundments. Final
rept. Mar 83-Sep 84,
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
V. Hodge, N. DeSalvo, S. Mahmud, J. Margolis, and M.
Evans. Jan 86,108p EPA/600/2-86/012
Contract EPA-68-03-3113
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The overall objective of the project was to provide
guidance for selecting cost-effective interim manage-
ment methods to control overtopping of impound-
ments, pits, ponds, or lagoons at uncontrolled hazard-
ous waste sites until final remedial actions could be ini-
tiated. Hazardous waste impoundments are subject to
overtopping through the collection of rainwater, run-
on, or other uncontrolled inflow. Lagoon overflows are
generally the result of insufficient capacity due to
either insufficient freeboard (high level of lagoon con-
tents) or structural problems that reduce the effective
capacity. No matter what the cause, lagoon overflows
can pose significant environmental and public health
risks through the contamination of soils, groundwater,
and surface water, as well as the potential to spread
the contamination into areas not currently impacted by
the lagoon. Thus interim measures may be necessary
to control lagoon overflows prior to identification and
selection of a final remedial measure. A manual has
been prepared that addresses both immediate control
measures for emergencies and longer term measures
lasting several months to several years. The technolo-
gy and cost guidance presented is general in nature
because of the variability of waste lagoons and im-
poundments and the unique conditions and consider-
ations that exist at each site. Where possible, factors
affecting application, technology selection, and costs
are identified, as well as their likely impact on imple-
mentation and cost-effectiveness. Design issues are
briefly presented as background to each option: how-
ever, the manual is not intended to replace the serv-
ices of a qualified engineer in designing site-specific
systems.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Guidelines, 'Manu-
als, 'Overflows, 'Solid waste disposal. Sites, Ground
water, Lagoons(Ponds), Soils, Coverings, Waste man-
agement, Surface water, Design, Cost analysis, 'Sur-
face impoundments, Remedial actions.
PB86-154176/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Design Scale-Up Suitability for Air-Stripping Col-
umns. Final rept. Sep 82-Nov 85,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
H. Wallman, and M. D. Cummins. Jan 86,115p EPA/
600/2-86/009
Prepared in cooperation with Jacobson (Nathan L.),
Chester, CT., and Brewster, NY.
Air-stripping in a packed column is sometimes used to
remove volatile organic compounds from contaminat-
ed water supplies. Since the design engineer frequent-
ly uses data from a pilot air-stripping column to design
a full-scale system, the suitability of such design scale-
up was investigated. A total of 48 experimental runs
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
was made in packed columns of four different diame-
ters (6,12,24, and 57 in.) at air-to-water ratios ranging
from 5:1 to 50:1. Water from the Village of Brewster,
NY, well fields (contaminated with PCE, TCE and cis-
1,2 dichloro-ethylene) was used. Various packing
types (1/2, 1 and 3 in. saddles, 2 in. TRIPACKS) were
used in the experimental runs. Generally, it was found
that the mass transfer coefficient increased with
column diameter, i.e., mass transfer coefficients ob-
tained from a pilot column tend to be conservative.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, 'Water supply,
'Water pollution control, Columns(Process engineer-
ing), Design criteria, Pilot plants, Volatility, Column
packings, Mathematical models, Chlorine organic
compounds, Ethylene, Acceptability, Mass transfer,
Temperature, Graphs(Charts), "Air stripping, Ethyl-
ene/trichloro, Ethylene/dichloro, Ethylene/tetrachlo-
ro.
PB86-154580/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division, Standard Evaluation
Procedure: Honey Bee - Acute Contact LD(50)
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
A. Vaughan. Jun 85, 9p EPA/540/9-85/002
See also PB86-129244.
The Standard Evaluation Procedure (SEP) for the
Honey Bee Acute Contact LD50 is a guidance docu-
ment primarily intended for Agency reviewers and the
regulated industry who evaluate ecological effects
data specified in 40 CFR Part 158.145. The SEP is also
intended to provide information to the general public
indicating how the Agency evaluates these types of
studies. As such, it is designed to supplement Subdivi-
sion E of the Pesticide Assessment Guidelines: Hazard
Evaluation - Wildlife and Aquatic Organisms. The SEP
provides an Introduction, Materials and Methods, Re-
porting Requirements, Reviewer Evaluation and Ap-
pendix of appropriate methods to guide the review and
scientific evaluation of pesticide effects on honey
bees. The SEP for Honey Bee Acute Contact LD50 is
only one of a number of SEP's published by the Na-
tional Technical Information Service as a supplement
to Subdivision E of the Pesticide Assessment Guide-
lines.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Bees, "Toxicity, Hazards,
Evaluation, Tests, Age, Dosage, Mortality, Animal be-
havior, LD(50), "Pesticide residues, "Honey bees.
PB86-154861/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparison of Three Microbial Assay Procedures
for Measuring Toxicity of Chemical Residues.
Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. C. Greene, W. E. Miller, M. K. Debacon, M. A. Long,
and C. L. Bartels. 1985,11 p EPA/600/J-85/259
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 14j p659-667 1985,
Public concern about environmental and health effects
from the disposal of residues from the manufacture of
agricultural and industrial process chemicals into land-
fills led to the passage of the Comprehensive Environ-
mental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of
1980, commonly referred to as the Superfund' Law.
One method of defining the potential toxicity of these
chemical residues is the use of bioassays, a number of
which use bacteria as the test organism and have
been proposed to assess the impact of chemical pol-
lutants on the environment. Efforts were directed
toward the establishment of short-term methods that
are inexpensive, rapid, reproducible and sensitive. A
major advantage of microbial toxicity tests over chemi-
cal analysis is their direct assessment of potential
biotic impact without extrapolation from chemical anal-
ysis of uncertain completeness. It was the intent of the
paper is to evaluate the relative sensitivity, precision,
and accuracy of three published microbial bioassay
procedures for ascertaining their ability to define the
toxicity potential at hazardous waste sites.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Bioassay, "Toxici-
ty, "Chemical compounds, Solid waste disposal, Sites,
Chemical analysis, Performance evaluation, Agricultur-
al wastes, Industrial wastes, Earth fills, Bacteria, Resi-
dues, Assessments, "Biological indicators, Superfund
program, Comprehensive Environmental Response
Compensation and Liability Act.
528 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB86-154879/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Weilbull Function as a Dose-Response Model to
Describe Ozone Effects on Crop Yields. Journal ar-
ticle,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
J. 0. Rawlings, and W. W. Cure. C1985,10p EPA/600/
J-85/260
Pub. in Crop Science, v25 p807-814 Sep/Oct 85.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Field experiments have demonstrated that ozone (03)
pollution can reduce yields of important crop species.
The assessment of the impact of 03 is facilitated by
the use of a family of dose response models that
covers the range of responses observed in field 03
dose response studies. The Weibull dose response
model is a flexible, biologically realistic, model that has
been found useful for this purpose. The purposes of
the study are to discuss analyses of dose response
data using the Weibull model and its extensions, to
identify some of the problems inherent in the use of a
nonlinear dose response model, and to show applica-
tion of the model to two sets of experimental data.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Farm crops, "Air pollution, Field
tests. Dosage, Yield, Mathematical models, Exposure,
Wheat plants, Soybean plants, Reprints.
PB86-155033/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Development of CBM-X Mechanisms for Urban
and Regional AOSMs. Final rept. Jul 82-Oct 85.
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
G. Z. Whitten, and M. W. Gery. Feb 86,170p EPA/
600/3-86/012
Contract EPA-68-02-3738
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
A series of chemical kinetic mechanisms, each of
which describes the formation of photochemical smog
from nitrogen oxide and multiple organic precursors
has been developed. The most condensed version of
the mechanism series now available is known as CBM-
IV (Carbon Bond Mechanisms). The formulation and
testing of CBM-IV is the subject of the report. This
mechanism has been carefully tested against results
obtained with an expanded CBM mechanism and sev-
eral intermediately condensed mechanisms to ensure
that the condensation steps did not contain compen-
sating factors and to verify that the CBM-IV performed
well under a range of conditions. The condensation of
the expanded mechanism was tested in an incremen-
tal manner by simulating seven days of outdoor smog
chamber data from two different experimental facili-
ties. The data provided a wide range of time, tempera-
ture, light intensity, and concentration conditions for
comparing simulation results from increasingly con-
densed mechanisms with the expanded mechanism.
This approach was used to minimize compensating
errors and to verify the operating boundaries of the
mechanism at each condensation step. This develop-
ment yielded a mechanism containing 28 species and
70 reactions.
Keywords: "Urban areas, "Reaction kinetics, "Air pol-
lution, Photochemical reactions, Smog, Chemical
bonds. Condensation reactions, Mathematical models,
Test chambers, Experimental design, Error analysis,
"Chemical reaction mechanisms, 'Regional analysis,
Air quality simulation models.
PB86-155215/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Annual Environmental Review Conference (8th)
Held at Atlanta, Georgia on October 18-19,1984.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Jun 85, 248p EPA/904/9-85/133
See also PB83-204834.
Papers and workshops presented at the Eighth Annual
Environmental Review Conference. Included is a copy
of US EPA's 'Policy and Procedures for the Review of
Federal Action Impacting the Environment'. Reports
and workshops cover the topics of 'worst case'; botr
tomland hardwoods; environmental audit; environmen-
tal review; and environmental legislation and regula-
tion.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Meetings, Hard-
woods, Reviews, Auditing, Regulations, Environmental
impacts, Environmental audits.
PB86-155256/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Chemical Emergency Preparedness Program: Or-
ganizing the Community, Gathering Site-Specific
Information, Contingency Plan Development, Con-
tingency Plan Appraisal, The Criteria, Appendices.
Interim guidance.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Nov 85,171 p EPA/560/7-85/012
See also PB86-155264.
The document, developed by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) is part of the USEPA Na-
tional Air Toxics Strategy. The purpose of the docu-
ment is to provide the public and state and local offi-
cials with information to assist them in planning how to
respond to accidental releases of acutely toxic chemi-
cals. It provides recommendations on how communi-
ties get organized, gather relavent information, and de-
velop, evaluate and update contingency plans. It also
describes the criteria used by the EPA to classify
chemicals as acutely toxic and provides a list of 402
chemicals that meet these criteria.
Keywords: "Chemical compounds, "Toxicity, "Air pol-
lution, "Management planning, "Hazardous materials,
Sites, State government, "National air toxics strategy,
"Toxic substances, Environmental Protection Agency,
Listings.
PB86-155264/HSU	PC A99/MF E10
Chemical Emergency Preparedness Program:
Chemical Profiles. Interim guidance.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Dec 85,1435p EPA/560/7-85/013
See also PB86-155256.
The document, developed by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (USEPA) is part of the USEPA Na-
tional Air Toxics Strategy. The document is provided in
support of EPA Chemical Emergency Preparedness
Program (CEPP) which deals with accidental release
of acutely toxic chemicals. For each acutely toxic
chemical listed in the CEPP guidance document
(report number PB86-155256), a chemical profile is
available. A chemical profile is a collection of informa-
tion on the chemical identity hazardous identity, physi-
cal/chemical characteristics, fire and explosive
hazard, reactivity, health hazard, use, and precautions
for handling and use of the chemical. The information
is presented in the format that conforms as closely as
possible to the Occupational Safety and Health Admin-
istration (OSHA) recommended format for a Material
Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).
Keywords: "Chemical compounds, "Toxicity, "Air pol-
lution, "Management planning, "Hazardous materials,
Sites, State government, Accidents, Tables(Data),
Safety, Chemical properties, Physical properties,
Chemical analysis, Fire safety, "National air toxics
strategy, "Toxic substances, Environmental Protection
Agency, Listings, Occupational safety and health.
PB86-155438/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Stationary Source Compliance Div.
Field Inspection Notebook for Monitoring Total
Reduced Sulfur (TRS) from Kraft Pulp Mills,
Engineering-Science, Inc., Durham, NC.
W. T. Winberry. Dec 84,109p EPA/340/1-85/013B
Contract EPA-68-02-3960
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC. Stationary Source Compliance Div.
Field performance audit procedures were developed
for three of the most common total reduced sulfur
(TRS) continuous emission monitoring systems
(CEMS). These procedures were designed to assist
state/federal field inspectors in the evaluation of TRS-
CEMS. Contained in the notebook are checklists and
data entry tables covering preparation for the inspec-
tion, preliminary review of records, preliminary on-site
meeting with source personnel, and general guidelines
for inspection of any type TRS-CEMS. Specific audit
procedures for three of the most common models of
TRS CEMS: Sampling Technology Inc. Model 100 TRS
CEM System; Barton Titrator TRS System; and Bendix
Gas Chromatograph TRS System are provided as sec-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
should follow the specific procedure rather than the
general guidelines given in the body of the field note-
book. Conscientious use of this notebook will aid the
inspector in conducting a thorough audit of the TRS
CEMS and provide a comprehensive original record of
all phases of the inspection.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Sulfur, "Sulfate pulp-
ing, Field tests, Inspection, State government, National
government, Auditing, Monitors, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products.
PB86-155512/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1984.
Volume 4. West-Central Illinois Region. Annual
rept.,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
J. Hawes, D. Newman, W. Hammel, and C. Luly. Oct
85,193p IEPA/WPC/85-005D
See also PB86-119971.
The report is Vol. IV of a series of 7 reports summariz-
ing Illinois EPA's 1984 Volunteer Lake Monitoring Pro-
gram. It provides a program overview, summarizes re-
sults for 15 lakes in West Central Illinois, and dis-
cusses lake/watershed management strategies.
Twenty-three volunteers recorded total depth, Secchi
disc transparency, and field observations for 15 lakes
in West-Central Illinois between May and October,
1984.
Keywords: "Illinois, "Lakes, "Water pollution, Water-
sheds, Monitoring, Transparence, Depth, Citizen par-
ticipation, "Trophic level.
PB86-155579/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Factors Affecting Composting of Municipal
Sludge in a Bioreactor. Final rept.,
Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center,
Wooster.
H. A. J. Hoitink, and G. A. Kuter. Jan 86,113p EPA/
600/2-86/014
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The research was initiated to determine the feasibility
of composting municipal sludge in an aerated tank
bioreactor system and to develop baseline data for the
rational operation and design of enclosed reactor com-
posting systems. A variety of conditions was tested
and various mixtures of recycled compost, bark, and
sawdust were used as bulking agents. The mean tem-
perature of the compost was regulated through pro-
grammed rates of airflow. Material balances were de-
termined from accurate measurements of the weights
of solids and water in the reactor feed and reactor
product. In addition, temperature, aeration and carbon
dioxide evolution were monitored continuously. Losses
of water and solids experienced in the system were
significantly greater than those published for the static
aerated pile system. Measurements of carton dioxide
evolution appeared to accurately reflect the destruc-
tion of volatile solids and indicated that activity was at
an optimum when the mean temperature of the com-
post was maintained at 38-55 C under high rates of
aeration.
Keywords: "Sludge disposal, "Composts, "Solid waste
disposal, Feasibility, Temperature, Aeration process-
es, Temperature, Carbon dioxide, Tables(Data), Sam-
pling, Mass, Performance evaluation, Oxygen, "Munic-
ipal wastes, "Waste recycling, Baseline measure-
ments, Procedures.
PB86-155611/HSll	PC A03/MF A01
Inspection and Maintenance of New Technology
Vehicles In Washington, O.C. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technical Support Staff.
J. Adler. Jul 85.39p EPA/AA/TSS-85/07
The report presents the results of an emission testing
program which was conducted for EPA in Washington,
D.C., under contract. In the test program, 1980 and
1981 model year vehicles which failed the Inspection
and Maintenance (l/M) test in Washington, D.C. were
given two or three series of emissions tests. Each
series included a Federal Test Procedure (FTP), a
Highway Fuel Economy Test, and the following short
tests: 50 mph cruise, four-mode idle, engine restart
idle, and loaded two-mode. In June, 1984, EPA
became aware of some quality control problems which
were evident at the D.C. inspection stations. These
problems may have caused some of the vehicles
which were participating in the project to be inappropri-
ately failed during the initial inspection or inappropri-
ately passed during the reinspection. Analyses de-
scribed in the report evaluate the decisions made by
the inspection lane, and compare the effects of l/M on
the whole group of cars with those of subgroups that
have had suspect cases removed.
Keywords:, "Inspection, "Air pollution control, "Ex-
haust emissions, "Motor vehicles, "Maintenance,
Technology, Quality control, Fuel consumption, Hydro-
carbons, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, District of
Columbia, Federal test procedures.
PB86-155645/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Air Quality Criteria for Ozone and Other Photo-
chemical Oxidants. External Review Draft No. 2.
Volume 1,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
R. M. Adams, J. H. B. Garner, J. A. Graham, D. E.
Gardner, and D. H. Horstman. Nov 85,233p EPA/600/
8-84/020B-1
See also PB85-126035, and PB86-155652.
Scientific information is presented and evaluated rela-
tive to the health and welfare effects associated with
exposure to ozone and other photochemical oxidants.
Although not intended as a complete and detailed liter-
ature review, the document covers pertinent literature
through early 1985. Data on health and welfare effects
are emphasized, but additional information is provided
for understanding the nature of the oxidant pollution
problem and for evaluating the reliability of effects data
as well as their relevance to potential exposures to
ozone and other oxidants at concentrations occurring
in ambient air. Information is presented on the follow-
ing exposure-related topics: nature, source, measure-
ment, and concentrations of precursors to ozone and
other photochemical oxidants; formation of ozone and
other photochemical oxidants and their transport once
formed; properties, chemistry, and measurement of
ozone and other photochemical oxidants; and concen-
trations of ozone and other photochemical oxidants
typically found in ambient air. Chapters on health and
welfare effects address the toxicological effects of
ozone and other oxidants; effects observed in con-
trolled human exposures; effects observed in field and
epidemiological studies; effects on vegetation seen in
field and controlled exposures; effects on natural and
agroecosystems; and effects on nonbiological materi-
als observed in field and chamber studies.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Oxidizers, "Photochemical reac-
tions,	"Air	pollution,	Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Transport properties,
Toxicology, Epidemiology, Tables(Data), Test cham-
bers, Chemical properties, Field tests, Ecology, Public
health, "Air quality, "Air pollution effects(Humans),
"Atmospheric chemistry, Air pollution effects(Plants),
Air pollution effects(Animals), Air pollution
effects(Materials).
PB86-155852/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Air Quality Criteria for Ozone and'Other Photo-
chemical Oxidants. External Review Draft No. 2.
Volume 5,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
D. H. Horstman, S. M. Horvath, and J. A. Raub. Nov 85,
319p EPA/600/8-84/020B-5
See also PB85-126076, and PB86-155645.
Scientific information is presented and evaluated rela-
tive to the health and welfare effects associated with
exposure to ozone and other photochemical oxidants.
Although not intended as a complete and detailed liter-
ature review, the document covers pertinent literature
through early 1985. Data on health and welfare effects
are emphasized, but additional information is provided
for understanding the nature of the oxidant pollution
problem and for evaluating the reliability of effects data
as well as their relevance to potential exposures to
ozone and other oxidants at concentrations occurring
in ambient air. Information is presented on the follow-
ing exposure-related topics: nature, source, measure-
ment, and concentrations of precursors to ozone and
other photochemical oxidants; formation of ozone and
other photochemical oxidants and their transport once
formed; properties, chemistry, and measurement of
ozone and other photochemical oxidants; and concen-
trations of ozone and other photochemical oxidants
typically found in ambient air. Chapters on health and
welfare effects address the toxicological effects of
ozone and other oxidants; effects observed in con-
trolled human exposures; effects observed in field and
epidemiological studies; effects on vegetation seen in
field and controlled exposures; effects on natural and
agroecosystems; and effects on nonbiological materi-
als observed in field and chamber studies.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Oxidizers, "Photochemical reac-
tions, "Air pollution, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Transport properties.
Toxicology, Epidemiology, Tables(Data), Test cham-
bers, Chemical properties, Field tests, Ecology, Public
health, "Air quality, "Air pollution effects(Humans),
"Atmospheric chemistry, Air pollution effects(Plants),
Air pollution effects(Animals), Air pollution
effects(Materials).
PB86-155777/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Plant Exposure Laboratory and Chambers.
Volume 1,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
C. McFarlane, and T. Pfleeger. Jan 86,35p EPA/600/
3-86/007A
See also PB86-155785.
The research is to learn the factors which control plant
uptake, translocation and metabolism of anthropogen-
ic organic chemicals. Understanding these processes
is essential to predict food contamination and environ-
mental damage from various agricultural and industrial
pollutants. Contamination of plants is only one compo-
nent, but since plants are the fulcrum upon which all
nourishment systems depend, understanding the ways
they become contaminated is critical to prudent pro-
duction, transportation and use of organic chemicals.
These efforts to identify the controlling mechanisms of
these phenomena require an understanding of the
physiological parameters of the plants during uptake
and translocation of the extraneous chemicals. Since
the chemicals of interest are toxic and studies general-
ly include 14C as a label for monitoring chemical kinet-
ics, containment is an important criterion. The paper
describes the laboratory and support system, the ex-
posure chambers, the computer system, and the plant
hydroponic nursery built to accomplish this research.
Keywords: •Rlants(Botany), "Organic compounds,
"Environmental impacts, Isotopic labeling, Carbon 14,
Food chain, Industrial wastes. Agricultural wastes,
Physiology, Reaction kinetics, Experimental design,
Test chambers. Toxic substances.
PB88-1S5788/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Plant Exposure Laboratory and Chambers.
Volume 2. Appendices t through 6,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
M. McDowell. Jan 86,286p EPA/600/3-86/007B
See also PB86-155777.
The paper describes the laboratory and support
system, the exposure chambers, the computer
system, and the hydroponic nursery built to accom-
plish research on uptake, translocation, and metabo-
lism of toxic organic chemicals by plants. Understand-
ing these processes and the physiological driving
mechanisms is essential to predict food chain con-
tamination and environmental damage from various
agricultural and industrial pollutants. Since the chemi-
cals of interest are toxic and studies generally include
14C as a label for monitoring chemical kinetics, con-
tainment was an important criterion. Containment and
safety considerations are included.
Keywords: "Plants(Botany), "Organic compounds,
"Environmental impacts, Isotopic labeling, Carbon 14,
Food chain, Industrial wastes, Agricultural wastes.
Physiology, Reaction kinetics, Experimental design,
Test chambers, Toxic substances.
PM8-155819/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC, Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Environmental Assessment of NOx Control on a
Compression Ignition Large Bore Reciprocating
Internal Combustion Engine. Volume 1. Technical
Results. Final rept. Apr 80-Apr 81,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
C. Castaldini. Jan 86,113p ACUREX/TR-81-81 /EE,
EPA/600/7-86/001 A
Contract EPA-68-02-3188
See also PB86-155827. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Volume I of the report gives emission results from field
tests of the exhaust gas from a large-bore, compres-
sion-ignition reciprocating engine burning diesel fuel.
An objective of the tests was to evaluate the operating
efficiency of the engine with combustion modification
NOx control to reduce emissions to below the pro-
posed NOx new source performance standard (NSPS)
of 600 ppm at 15 percent 02 dry. Engine NOx emis-
sions were reduced 31 percent (from 825 to 571 ppm)
at 15 percent 02 with 3.5 degrees of fuel injection
timing retard. The reduction was accompanied by a 1
percent loss in engine efficiency. CO emissions de-
creased slightly (from 119 to 90 ppm). Total unburned
hydrocarbons remained relatively unchanged (25
ppm), as did particulate emissions (35 ng/J) and total
organic emissions (55 ng/J). Volatile organics (boiling
point less than about 100 C) accounted for the largest
fraction of the total organic. Naphthalene, fluoroanth-
ene, phenanthrene/anthracene, and pyrene were the
only organic priority pollutants detected in both tests at
levels below 70 micrograms/dscm.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Exhaust emissions,
"Diesel engines, "Nitrogen oxides, "Spark ignition en-
gines, "Internal combustion engines, Tables(Data),
oncentration(Composition), Field tests, Assess-
ments, Air fuel ratio, Carbon monoxide, Exhaust gases.
Trace elements, Bioassays, Organic compounds, Per-
formance evaluation, "Combustion modification,
Baseline measurements.
PB86-155827/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Environmental Assessment of NOx Control on a
Compression Ignition Large Bore Reciprocating
Internal Combustion Engine. Volume 2. Data Sup-
plement. Final rept. Apr 80-Apr 81,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
C. Castaldini. Jan 86,174p ACUREX/TR-81-81 /EE,
EPA/600/7-86/001 B
Contract EPA-68-02-3188
See also PB86-155819.Portions of this document are
not fully legible. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Volume II of the report is a compendium of detailed
emission and test data from field tests of a large-bore,
compression-ignition reciprocating engine burning
diesel fuel. The engine was tested during two operat-
ing modes: at baseline (normal operation), and with
fuel injection retard for NOx emission reduction to
levels below the proposed new source performance
standard (NSPS) for such engines. The test data in-
clude preliminary equipment calibration, detailed
engine operation, and complete exhaust gas emission
measurement results. Exhaust gas emission measure-
ments included (in addition to continuous monitoring
for criteria gas pollutants) monitoring for volatile hydro-
carbons (C1-C6), particulates, sulfur oxides, total or-
ganics in two boiling point ranges, organic compounds,
semivolatile organic priority pollutants, trace elements,
and biological assays of organic sample extracts.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Exhaust gases,
"Diesel engines, "Nitrogen oxides, "Compression igni-
tion, Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition), Field
tests. Assessments, Air fuel ratio. Fuel injectors, Trace
elements, Bioassays, Organic compounds, Perform-
ance evaluation, "Combustion modification, Baseline
measurements.
PB86-156221/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park NC Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Analysis of the Costs and Cost Effectiveness of
Allowing SO2 Emission Credits for Cogeneration
Systems. Final rept.
Radian Corp, Research Triangle Park, NC.
530 Vol. 90, No. 24
Dec 85,64p EPA/450/3-85/030
Contract EPA-68-02-3816
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The document discusses the results of a cost analysis
that was performed to assess the reasonableness of
emission credits for cogeneration facilities under new
source performance standards limiting S02 emissions
from industrial-commercial-institutional steam generat-
ing units. Emission credits would allow a cogeneration
system to achieve a lower percent reduction in emis-
sions or to meet a higher emission limit in proportion to
the increased overall efficiency achieved by the co-
generation system. The analysis examined two
common types of cogeneration, steam generator-
based and combined cycle systems, and analyzed the
incremental cost effectiveness of not providing emis-
sion credits versus providing emission credits for two
regulatory alternatives: standards based on the use of
low sulfur fuels and standards requiring a percent re-
duction in S02 emissions.
Keywords: "Cost analysis, "Cost effectiveness, "Sulfur
dioxide, "Air pollution control, Assessments, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Standards, Fuels, Coal
preparation, Desulfurization, "Air pollution economics,
"Combined-cycle power plants, Flue gas desulfuriza-
tion systems, Air pollution abatement.
PB86-156247/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Analysis of Costs and Cost Effectiveness of S02
Control for Mixed-Fuel-Fired Steam Generating
Units. Final rept.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Jan 86,69p EPA/450/3-86/001
Contract EPA-68-02-3816
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The document presents an analysis of the costs and
cost effectiveness of S02 control for steam generating
units firing mixtures of sulfur-bearing fossil fuels (coal
or oil) with nonsulfur-bearing fuels (wood, solid waste,
natural gas, etc.). The incremental cost effectiveness
of an alternative control level requiring a percent re-
duction in S02 emissions over an alternative control
level based on the use of low sulfur fuel was examined
for various boiler sizes, regional locations, and fuel
mixtures. The incremental cost effectiveness in-
creases as decreasing amounts of coal or oil are
burned in relation to nonsulfur-bearing fuels. The
report also examines the costs associated with allow-
ing versus not allowing emission credits based on the
dilution of the sulfur-bearing fuel heat input with that
from nonsulfur-bearing fuels.
Keywords: "Cost analysis, "Sulfur dioxide, "Cost effec-
tiveness, "Air pollution control, "Boilers, Fossil fuels,
Substitutes, Comparison, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, Waste disposal, Mixture, Wood, Steam
electric power generation, Refuse derived fuels, New
source performance standards, Municipal wastes.
PBB6-156296/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Microbial Destructions Achieved by Full-Scale An-
aerobic Digestion,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
J. B. Farrell, G. Stern, and A. D. Venosa. Jan 86,21p
EPA/600/D-B6/031
As part of studies undertaken to investigate the patho-
gen reducing capabilities of conventional sludge stabi-
lization procedures, microbial reductions produced by
mesophilic and thermophilic digestion at the Los Ange-
les Hyperion Plant were examined. Samples from the
digester feed and product streams were collected over
a 2-year period and sent to EPA's Cincinnati Laborato-
ry for bacterial, viral, and parasite determination.
These results were compared with results from two
Ohio treatment plants. From the Los Angeles sludge
data, reductions in certain bacteria and viruses by me-
sophilic anaerobic digestion can be defined-as can
defensible confidence limits. These data could not be
supplemented with information on bacterial reductions
produced by other digesters because the densities of
Salmonella sp. in the influent of these other digesters
were not sufficiently high.
Keywords: "Anaerobic bacteria, "Sewage sludge, Di-
gestion, Bacteria, Viruses, Pathogens.
PB86-156304/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazardous Waste Research Pertaining to Metal
Finishing,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
C. J. Dial. Jan 86,14p EPA/600/D-86/029
The paper, presented at the 7th American Electro-
platers' Society/Environmental Protection Agency
Conference on Pollution Control for the Metal Finish-
ing Industry, summarizes present and past metals con-
trol research conducted by EPA and presents the ap-
proach that EPA is taking to establish standards for
Best Demonstrated Available Technology for hazard-
ous wastes.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Metal finishing,
"Waste management, "Water pollution control. Elec-
troplating, Substitutes, Waste disposal, Cost analysis,
Industrial waste treatment, Leaching, Materials recov-
ery, Metals, Capitalized costs, Operating costs, Recla-
mation, "Water pollution abatement, Best technology,
Waste utilization, Waste recycling, Refuse derived
fuels, Heavy metals.
PB86-156312/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Stabilization/Solidification of Hazardous Waste,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
R. D. Hill. Jan 86,24p EPA/600/D-86/028
In response to the growing interest in stabilization and
solidification of hazardous wastes and contaminated
soils and sediments, the Land Pollution Control Divi-
sion of EPA's Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Laboratory has produced a technical handbook on the
subject. The handbook provides details of the materi-
als and equipment in common use, and outlines meth-
odologies for applying these techniques to hazardous
waste problems. Among the subjects covered are
waste and site characterization, laboratory testing and
leaching protocols, bench and pilot scale testing, and
full-scale operations. Four stabilization/solidification
scenarios are presented to illustrate advantages, dis-
advantages and costs for different mixing techniques.
Keywords: "Stabilization, "Hazardous materials, "So-
lidification, "Solid waste disposal, Encapsulation,
Leaching, Earth fills, Feasibility, Sites, Sorbents, Poly-
mer films, "Remedial actions, "Land pollution, Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act, Case studies.
PB86-156320/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Performance Evaluation of the Dual Digestion
System,
Montgomery (James M.), Inc., Pasadena, CA.
A. R. Appelton, and C. L. Leong. Jan 86,24p EPA/
600/D-86/030
Contract EPA-68-03-1821
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The dual digestion system (DOS) was developed to
provide stabilized, pathogen free sludge. DDS consists
of a 1-day detention time, pure-oxygen, covered aero-
bic digester (Step I) followed by an 8-day detention
time anaerobic reactor. The temperature in the Step I
digester is controlled by adjusting the pure oxygen
feed rate. The heat generated through oxidation of
volatile matter in the raw sludge is conserved in the
Step I digester. No additional sludge heating is provid-
ed for anaerobic digestion in Step H so the biogas gen-
erated in Step II is available for other uses throughout
the plant. Operation of DDS during the special study at
the Lackawanna Wastewater Treatment Plant demon-
strated that adequate total volatile solids reduction
could be achieved relative to processes to significantly
reduce pathogens (PSRP) and processes to further
reduce pathogens (PFRP). Reductions of the three in-
dicator microbiological parameters of interest through
DDS treatment were greater than those achieved By
PSRPs and greater than or equal to those achieved by
thermophilic aerobic digestion, a PFRP. Salmonella
spp. data were difficult to compare, but it appears that
greater reductions of the pathogenic bacteria can be
achieved with PSRPs. Regrowth of Salmonella spp. in
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Pathogens, 'Sludge
disposal, 'Aerobic processes, 'Anaerobic processes,
Oxidation, Fertilizers, Microbiology, Tables(Data), Per-
formance evaluation, Heat recovery, Bacteria, 'Dual
digestion systems, 'Sludge treatment, Land disposal,
Waste utilization, Biogas.
PB86-156338/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Offset Lithography Summary Report for Technical
Support In Development of a Revised Ozone State
Implementation Plan for Memphis, Tennessee.
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Durham, NC.
Jun 85,48p
Contract EPA-68-02-3887
See also PB86-156346. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region IV.
The document presents information on emissions of
volatile organic compounds (VOC) from offset lithogra-
phy facilities in Shelby County, Tennessee. Information
is presented on the industry, emissions from offset
press operations, emission control techniques, and the
costs of reducing emissions. The control measures de-
scribed in the document represent the presumptive
norm or reasonably available control technology
(RACT) that can be applied to existing offset lithogra-
phy plants. Reasonably available control technology is
defined as the lowest emission limit that a particular
source is capable of achieving by application of control
technology that is reasonably available considering
technological and economic feasibility. It may require
technology that has been applied to similar, but not
necessarily identical, source categories. It is not in-
tended that extensive research and development be
conducted before a given control technology can be
applied to the source. However, short-term evaluation
programs are considered an appropriate technology
forcing aspect of RACT.
Keywords: 'Lithography, 'Air pollution control, Design,
Performance evaluation, Environmental impacts, Cost
analysis, Sources, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Printing, "State implementation plan, 'Volatile or-
ganic compounds, Shelby County(Tennessee),
Memphis(T ennessee).
PB8S-156346/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Miscellaneous Metal Parts Coating Summary
Report for Technical Support In Development of a
Revised Ozone State Implementation Plan for
Memphis, Tennessee. Summary rept.
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Durham, NC.
Jun 85,31p
Contract EPA-68-02-3887
See also PB86-156338. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region IV.
The document presents information on emissions of
volatile organic compounds (VOC) from a miscellane-
ous metal parts coating facility in Shelby County, Ten-
nessee. The facility is reported to emit less than 25
tons per year of VOC. The results of the analysis are
used to identify reasonably available control technolo-
gy (RACT) for VOC emissions from miscellaneous
metal parts coaters in Shelby County emitting or show-
ing the potential to emit 25 tons per year or less of
VOC. The following sections of the report briefly dis-
cuss emission sources, emission controls and costs,
and operation of the miscellaneous metal parts coat-
ing facility. The control measures described in the doc-
ument represent the presumptive norm or reasonably
available control technology (RACT) that can be ap-
plied to existing miscellaneous metal parts coating fa-
cilities. Reasonably available control technology is de-
fined as the lowest emission limit that a particular
source is capable of achieving by application of a con-
trol technology that is reasonably available consider-
ing technological and economic feasibility. It may re-
quire technology that has been applied to similar, but
not necessarily identical, source categories. It is not in-
tended that extensive research and development be
conducted before a given control technology can be
applied to a source. However, short-term evaluation
programs are considered an appropriate technology
forcing aspect of RACT. The measures considered in-
clude: (1) use of add-on control equipment, (2) use of
reformulated coatings, and (3) improved application
methods.	'
Keywords: "Coatings, "Air pollution control, 'Metal in-
dustry, Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Tech-
nology, Sources, Performance evaluation, Cost analy-
sis, Capitalized costs, Operating costs, 'Volatile or-
ganic compounds, 'State implementation plan, Rea-
sonably available control technology, Shelby
County(Tennessee),Memphis(Tennessee).
PBB6-156353/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Can Coating Summary Report for Technical Sup-
port in Development of a Revised Ozone State Im-
plementation Plan for Memphis, Tennessee.
Pacific Environmental Services. Inc., Durham. NC.
Jun 85, 26p
Contract EPA-68-02-3887
See also PB86-156346. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region IV.
The document presents information on emissions of
volatile organic compounds (VOC) from a can coating
plant in Shelby County, Tennessee. This can coating
facility is reported to emit less than 25 tons per year of
VOC. The following chapters of the report briefly dis-
cuss emission sources, emission controls and costs,
and operation of the can manufacturing facility. The
control measures described in the document repre-
sent the presumptive norm or RACT that can be ap-
plied to existing can coating facilities. RACT is defined
as the lowest emission limit that a particular source is
capable of achieving by application of control technol-
ogy that is reasonably available considering techno-
logical and economic feasibility. The measures consid-
ered are: (1) use of high solids or waterborne sealants
and (2) control equipment, such as carbon adsorbers
or incinerators.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Cans, 'Protective
coatings, Licenses, Manufacturing, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Sources, Sealants, 'Volatile or-
ganic compounds, 'State implementation plan, Rea-
sonably available control technology,
Memphis(Tennessee).
PB86-156452/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Computer Economics of Physical Coal Cleaning
and Flue Qas Desulfurization. Final Report. Rept.
for Oct 79-Jun 83,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Div. of
Energy Demonstrations and Technology.
C. R. Wright, L. Larkin, F. M. Kennedy, and T. W.
Tarkington. Sep 85,173p EPA/600/7-85/039
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Acjency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report describes a computer model developed by
TVA to simulate the performance and determine the
economics of coal cleaning, or coal cleaning combined
with flue gas desulfurization (FGD), for power plant
emission control processes over a wide range of user-
specified conditions. The model also calculates the
other economic benefits and penalties to overall
power plant roeratlon that result from the use of
cleaned coal. The report describes: (1) the programs
composing the model, (2) the design and economic
premises on which the calculations performed by the
model are based, (3) the designs for the coal-cleaning
and the FGD processes, and (4) the economic benefits
and penalties associated with the use of cleaned coal
by a power plant. A variety of cases were simulated,
and selected results from these runs are described.
Keywords: 'Coal preparation, 'Economic analysis,
"Air pollution control, 'Mathematical models, Flue
gases, Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Elec-
tric power plants. Desulfurization, Operating costs,
Performance evaluation, Design, Boilers, 'Physical
tratement, 'Air pollution abatment, 'Air pollution econ-
imics, Flue gas desulfurization, Case studies.
PB86-156478/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Hazardous Waste Management Practices In the
United States,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
C. J. Dial. Jan 86,33p EPA/600/D-86/027
The paper was prepared for presentation at a joint US/
Spain Seminar on Hazardous Waste Management to
be held in Madrid, Spain, on May 19-22,1986. Hazard-
ous waste quantities produced in the United States
and how they are handled/disposed of are presented.
Major environmental legislation is discussed. Organi-
zation and description of research activities of the Haz-
ardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory are
provided.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'United States,
'Waste management, 'Waste disposal, 'Waste treat-
ment, Regulations, State government, Sites, Storage,
Clean Water Act, Hazardous materials spill, Land pol-
lution, Solid Waste Disposal Act, Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act, Comprehensive Environmental
Response Compensation and Liability Act, Off-site dis-
posal.
PB86-156486/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Design and Construction of a Mobile Activated
Carbon Regenerator System. Final rept. 6 Aug 74-8
Feb 79,
MSA Research Corp., Evans City, PA.
R. H. Hiltz. Jan 86, 55p MSAR-81-107, EPA/600/2-
86/015
Contract EPA-6B-03-2110
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Activated carbon adsorption has become a standard
procedure for the cleanup of contaminated water
streams. To facilitate such cleanup at hazardous
waste and spill sites, mobile carbon adsorption units
have been constructed and are now in use. Their pri-
mary drawback is the logistics associated with the dis-
posal of spent (contaminated) carbon and its replen-
ishment with fresh, active carbon. The program was
undertaken to assess the feasibility of designing and
building a mobile carbon regeneration unit - including
an incinerator/scrubber to destroy the offgases - for
field use in conjunction with mobile carbon adsorption
systems. A system was designed and built based on
technology developed in the earlier fabrication of a
laboratoiy-sized regenerator and on an in-depth eval-
uation of factors affecting system design and size.
Housed in a standard van-type of trailer, the system
met all weight and size limitations for over-the-road
transportation. The system includes a direct fired, ro-
tating barrel kiln to thermally regenerate the carbon, an
incinerator and scrubber to destroy the desorbed ma-
terials and treat the off-gases, and a separator to re-
claim the reactivated carbon granules. Test runs using
spent carbon from an on-site treatment of a spill were
quite successful. The carbon was returned to essen-
tially 1005 activity with an 88% volume recovery. The
unit has been delivered to the US EPA for their use.
Keywords: 'Activated carbon, 'Water pollution con-
trol, "Hazardous materials, 'Regenerator, 'Portable
equipment, Adsorption, Solid waste disposal, Design,
Performance evaluation, Reclaimation, Waste treat-
ment, 'Waste recycling, 'Hazardous materials spills,
'Cleanup, Granular activated carbon treatment,
PB86-156528/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Trace Element Concentrations on Fine Particles In
the Ohio River Valley,
Maryland Univ., College Park. Dept. of Chemistry.
S. G. Tuncel, G. E. Gordon, I. Olmez, and J. R.
Partington. Jan 86,16p EPA/600/D-86/016
Grant EPA-R-810403
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Atmospheric particles were collected from May, 1980
to Dec., 1981 at 3 sampling sites in the Ohio River
Valley (ORV). The collected samples were analyzed by
x-ray fluorescence (XRF) for elemental concentrations
and their masses determined by beta gauging. The
XRF data and associated wind trajectories were used
to select a subset (200) of ORV samples in the fine
fraction for further analysis by instrumental neutron ac-
tivation analysis (INAA). Combined XRF and INAA
data provided concentration values for up to 40 ele-
ments. Trace element concentration ratios to Se did
not show modal distributions which were previously
observed in samples collected downwind from the
Midwest U.S. Chemical mass balances with 11
sources are being used to fit trace element concentra-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tions. Most particulate S is governed by the regional
sulfate component. Results suggest that the distance
scale is shorter than previously thought.
Keywords: "Trace elements, 'Fines, "Particles,
•Chemical analysis, "Air pollution, Sampling, Sites,
Concentration(Composition), X ray fluorescence, Neu-
tron activation analysis, Sources, Mass, "Ohio River
Valley, "Air pollution detection.
PB86-156536/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
EPA's LIMB (Environmental Protection Agency's
Limestone injection Multistage Burner) Research,
Development, and Demonstration Program. Rept.
for Sep 84-Jan 86,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
R. V. Hendriks, and P. S. Nolan. Feb 86,18p EPA/
600/D-86/026
See also PB86-119559. Prepared in cooperation with
Babcock and Wilcox Co., Barberton, OH.
The paper describes and discusses key design fea-
tures of the retrofit of EPA's Limestone Injection Mul-
tistage Burner (LIMB) system to an operating, wallfired
utility boiler at Ohio Edison's Edgewater Station, based
on the preliminary engineering design. It further de-
scribes results of pertinent projects in EPA's LIMB pro-
gram and shows how these results were used as the
basis for the design of the system. The full-scale dem-
onstration is expected to prove the effectiveness and
cost of the LIMB concept for use on large-scale utility
boilers. To date, a preliminary engineering design for
the Edgewater unit has been prepared incorporating
the technology developed in smaller-scale studies.
The schedule calls for system start-up by March 1987.
EPA is engaged in a multi-year program to develop an
improved control technology for emission of sulfur and
nitrogen oxides (SOx and NOx) from the combustion of
fossil fuels. The technology, called LIMB, involves
staged-flow coal burners and injection of a reactive
sorbent into the furnace to reduce emissions. The pro-
gram includes fundamental studies of reaction chemis-
try and kinetics, bench and pilot scale experimental
studies, a full-scale demonstration, and economic and
applicability studies. It is structured to establish a basis
for future public sector commercialization, as well as
help understand the technology's controlling factors.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Sulfur
oxides, "Nitrogen oxides, "Burners, "Boilers, Combus-
tion products, Industrial wastes, Design, Performance
evaluation, Reaction kinetics, Fossil fuels, Economic
analysis, Solid waste disposal, "Limestone injection
multistage burners, "Low nitrogen oxides concentra-
tion firing systems, Coal fired power plants.
PB86-156544/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Estimation of Individual Ozone Exposures Using
Mlcroenvironment Measurements,
Texas Univ. Health Science Center at Houston. School
of Public Health.
C. F. Contant, B. M. Gehan, T. H. Stock, A. H. Holguin,
and P. A. Buffler. Jan 86,18p EPA/600/D-86/032
Grant EPA-R-807108
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Estimates of an individual's ozone exposure were gen-
erated for a panel of 51 asthmatic study subjects using
ambient ozone concentrations, the relationships ob-
served between the ambient concentrations and the
concentrations found in each of two broad classes of
environments and knowledge of the individual's move-
ment through these locations. These estimates are
compared to actual ozone concentrations observed
during personal monitoring of 30 of the individuals.
Earlier comparisons disclosed that the estimated
hourly means were in much better agreement with the
observed hourly means than were the ambient hourly
values. The hourly maxima observed in the personal
monitoring for each of three environments are com-
pared to tne exposure estimates. The ability of the ex-
posure model to estimate average hourly exposures
for individuals has been previously tested. In the
present work, the ability of the exposure model to esti-
mate peak exposures within an hour is evaluated,
usina measurements of ozone concentration obtained
at 5 minute intervals during the personal monitoring
orooram as a standard. One-hour exposure estimates
based on fixed site measurements are evaluated as
well. Sources of error within the data set are identified
but appear to not seriously affect the results. The ex-
posure model produces one-hour estimates which are
7-12 ppb below the observed personal exposures.
Keywords: "Ozone. Toxicology, Humans, Asthma, Ex-
posure, Models, "Air pollution, Monitoring.
PB86-156593/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
In-Use Evaporative Canister Evaluation. Final rept.
Dec 84-Jun 85,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
M. A. Warner-Selph. Dec 85,105p EPA/460/3-85/003
Contract EPA-68-03-3162
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Ann
Arbor, Ml. Emission Control Technology Div.
The program involved the evaluation of 24 samples of
charcoal from in-use evaporative canisters. The Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency (EPA) provided the can-
isters from programs conducted by the EPA, Tennes-
see Valley Authority (TVA), and Southwest Research
Institute (SwRI) on both alcohol blend-fueled and un-
leaded gasoline-fueled vehicles. Ten canisters from al-
cohol blend-fueled vehicles, eight from gasoline-fueled
vehicles, and six from vehicles with unknown fuel his-
tories were tested. A system was developed to remove
and collect the effluent from samples of canister char-
coal at room temperature (cold purge) and under
heated conditions (hot purge). Charcoal samples of
about 50 g were first cold purged with dry nitrogen at a
flowrate of approximately 1.5 cfm. Butane working ca-
pacity was then measured, and the charcoal was sub-
sequently hot purged at approximately 355-375 F
(180-190 C). The effluent was sampled during selected
cold and hot purge cycles and analyzed for water con-
tent, methanol, ethanol, tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA),
total hydrocarbons (THC), and selected detailed hy-
drocarbons.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Gas analysis, "Char-
coal, Blends, Water, Sampling, Laboratory equipment,
Hydrocarbons, Methyl alcohol. Ethyl alcohol, Compari-
son, Performance evaluation, Butanes,
Concentration(Composition), "Fugitive emissions,
"Evaporative canisters, "Air pollution detection, Gaso-
hol. Procedures.
PB86-1S6601 /HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Biological Effects of Continuous and Intermittent
Dosing of Outdoor Experimental Streams with
Chlorpyrifos,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. Eaton, J. Arthur, R. Hermanutz, R. Kiefer, and L.
Mueller. c1985,35p EPA/600/D-86/024
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment:
Eighth Symposium, ASTM STP 891, American Society
for Testing and Materials, p85-1181985.
Two outdoor experimental streams fed by water
pumped from the Mississippi River were dosed with
the organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos (the
active ingredient of Dursban and Lorsban 4E insecti-
cides) for 100 days, and the responses of individual
species and communities compared to those of a con-
trol stream. Chlorpyrifos was continuously metered
into one stream whereas the other received 8 biweekly
additions, each lasting 24 h. at 14 times the concentra-
tion in the continuously dosed stream. Therefore,
nearly equal amounts of pesticide were introduced into
each stream during the experiment. The biological
study area of each stream was approximately 245 m
long, contained a naturally colonizing plant and inver-
tebrate assemblage, and was stocked with fathead
minnows and bluegills. (Copyright (c) American Socie-
ty for Testing and Materials 1985.)
Keywords: "Invertebrates, "Pesticides, "Stream pollu-
tion, Fresh water fishes, Benthos, Aquatic plants, Sur-
vival, Growth, Dosage, Phosphorus organic com-
pounds, Concentration(Composition), Toxicity, Experi-
mental design, Reprints, "Bioindicators, Chloropyrifos.
PB86-156726/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
National Toxicology Program Review of Current
DHHS (Department of Health and Human Serv-
ices), DOE (Department of Energy)> and EPA (En-
vironmental Protection Agency) Research Relat-
ed to Toxicology, Fiscal Year 1986.
National Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park,
NC.
Mar 85,369p* NTP-85-056
See also PB84-187426.
Contents: Department of Health and Human Services
(DHHS) agencies' role in the support of toxicology re-
search, testing, and methods development; Depart-
ment of Energy (DOE) role in the support of toxicology
research, testing, and methods development; Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) role in the support of
toxicology research, testing, and methods develop-
ment; Toxicology methods currently being developed
by DHHS, DOE, and EPA; Chemical compounds cur-
rently being tested by DHHS, DOE, and EPA for toxico-
logical properties; Chemical index by name; CAS regis-
try number index; Chemical index by study type.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Research, Government
agencies, Reviews, Testing, Methods development,
Federal research, Department of Health and Human
Services, Environmental Protection Agency, Depart-
ment of Energy.
PB86-156775/HSU	PC A24/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Documentation and Analysis for Prevention and
Control of Hazardous Material Spills. Final rept.
Jun 76-Jun 82,
Factory Mutual Research Corp., Norwood, MA.
D. B. Heard, L. M. Krasner, and B. G. Vincent. Jan 86,
565p FMRC-J-l-22542-00, EPA/600/2-86/016
Contract EPA-68-03-0317
See also PB-281 090. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste
Engineering Research Lab.
Prevention and control of a problem as complex as
that of hazardous material spills and their ensuing ef-
fects on the population and environment can only be
approached based on a comprehensive reliable
system for spill incident collection and analysis. The
groundwork for such a system was established in a
previous program, EPA-600/2-78-066 dated April
1978 'Hazardous Material Spills: A Documentation and
Analysis of Historical Data'. The present program de-
veloped a detailed spill data base and a completely
computerized system for producing reports upon re-
quest, with the further capability of generating statis-
tics on any or all spill incidents which are encoded in
computer storage. Two logically linked data sets were
established. The first set is comprised of incident-relat-
ed data, while the second is comprised of material-re-
lated data. The previously developed computer codes
were modified due to the large number of incidents ac-
quired, and to accomodate this dual data base system.
New coding techniques also minimize the potential of
multiple entries and greatly increase the amount of In-
formation that can be stored. These charges have
made the data system more nearly universal, providing
a more accessible means of retrieving information
than was possible using previous retrieval methods.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Water pollution,
Accident prevention, Documentation, Data analysis,
Sources, Tables(Data), "Hazardous materials spills.
PB86-156791/HSU	PC A1S/MF A01
Magnetic Tape Manufacturing Industry • Back-
ground Information for Proposed Standard*. Draft
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Dec 85, 345p EPA/450/3-85/029A
Standards of Performance for the control of VOC
emissions from magnetic tape coating lines are being
proposed under the authority of Section 111 of the
Clean Air Act. These standards would apply to all new,
modified, and reconstructed magnetic tape coating
lines using at least 38 cubic meters of solvent per year
in the production of magnetic tape. The document con-
tains background information and environmental and
economic impact assessments of the regulatory alter-
natives considered in developing the proposed stand-
ards.
Keywords: "Magnetic tapes, "Manufacturing, 'Stand-
ards, "Air pollution control. Organic compounds, Per-
formance evaluation, Web coating, "Pollution control
PB86-1S6809/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab"
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Environmental Assessment of NOx Control on a
Spark-Ignited Large Bore Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engine. Volume 1. Technical Results.
Final rept. Apr 80-Jun 81,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
C. Castaldini. Jan 86,112p ACUREX/TR-81-79/EE,
EPA/600/7-86/002A
Contract EPA-68-02-3188
See also PB86-156817. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Volume I of the report gives emission results for a
spark-ignited, largebore, reciprocating, internal-com-
bustion engine operating both under baseline (normal)
conditions, and with combustion modification controls
to reduce NO* emissions to levels below the proposed
new source performance standard (NSPS) for such
engines. Exhaust gas measurements included (in addi-
tion to continuous monitoring of criteria gas emissions)
total organics in two boiling point ranges, compound
category information within these ranges, specific
quantitation of semivolatile organic priority pollutants,
flue gas concentrations of 73 trace elements, and par-
ticulates. Exhaust NOx emissions were reduced
almost 50 percent, from a baseline level of 1,260 ng/J
(730 to 420 ppm corrected to 15 percent 02 dry) by in-
creasing the operating air /fuel ratio of the engine. Ac-
companying the reduction was a slight increase in
engine efficiency. CO, methane, total hydrocarbon,
and total semivolatile organic compound emissions
were increased from 10 to 65 percent under low-NOx
operation. However, total nonvolatile organic emis-
sions decreased 55 percent. The organic emissions
for both tests consisted primarily of aliphatic hydrocar-
bons with some carboxylic acids, phenols, and low-
molecular-weight fused-ring aromatics. POMs were
detected in concentrations belbw 4 micrograms/dscm.
Keywords: * Air pollution control, 'Exhaust emissions,
'Diesel engines, 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Spark ignition en-
gines, 'Internal combustion engines, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Field tests, Assess-
ments, Air fuel ratio. Exhaust gases, Carbon monoxide,
Trace elements, Bioassays, Organic compounds, Per-
formance evaluation, 'Combustion modification,
Baseline measurements.
PB86-1S6817/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Environmental Assessment of NOx Control on a
Spark-Ignited Large Bore Reciprocating Internal
Combustion Engine. Volume 2. Data Supplement.
Final rept. Apr 80-Jun 81,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
C. Castaldini. Jan 86,159p ACUREX/TR-81 -79/EE,
EPA/600/7-86/002B
Contract EPA-68-02-3188
See also PB86-156809. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Volume II of the report is a compendium of detailed
emission and test data from field tests of a large-bore,
spark-ignited reciprocating engine and laboratory anal-
yses of collected samples. Tne engine was tested in
two operating modes: a baseline (normal) operation,
and with increased air/fuel ratio for NOx reduction to
levels below the proposed new source performance
standard (NSPS) of 700 ppm dry at 15 percent 02. The
test data include preliminary equipment calibration, de-
tailed engine operation, and complete exhaust gas
emission measurement results. Exhaust gas emission
measurements included (in addition to continuous
monitoring for criteria gas pollutants) monitoring for
volatile hydrocarbons (C1-C6), total organics in two
boiling point ranges, organic compound category infor-
mation, specific quantitation of the semivolatile organ-
ic priority pollutants, separation of organic extracts, ex-
haust gas concentration of trace elements, and biolog-
ical assays of organic sample extracts.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Exhaust gases,
'Diesel engines, Nitrogen oxides, 'Spark ignition en-
gines, Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition),
Field tests, Assessments, Air fuel ratio, Trace ele-
ments, Bioassays, Organic compounds. Performance
evaluation, 'Combustion modification, Baseline meas-
urements.
PB86-156825/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency. Atlanta, GA. Region
Solvent Extraction: Summary Report for Techni-
cal Support in Development of a Revised Ozone
State Implementation Plan for Memphis, Tennes-
see.
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Durham, NC.
Jun85,37p
Contract EPA-68-02-3887
See also PB86-157559. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region IV.
The document presents Information on emissions of
volatile organic compounds (VOC) from solvent ex-
traction processing facilities in Shelby County, Tennes-
see. Information is presented on the soybean and cot-
tonseed oil extraction industry, emissions from solvent
extraction plants, emission control techniques, and the
costs of reducing emissions. Sources of information in-
clude: an inspection at a soybean processing plant, a
background document prepared by the Illinois Pollu-
tion Control Board, EPA publications, literature from
the National Soybean Producers Association (NSPA)
and National Cottonseed Products Association
(NCPA), and discussions with industry representatives.
The control measures described in the document rep-
resent the presumptive norm or reasonably available
control technology (RACT) that can be applied to ex-
isting soybean and cottonseed processing plants.
Reasonably available control technology for solvent
extraction plants consists of efficient operation of the
mineral oil scrubber and desolventizer-toaster, and
good engineering practices (e.g., repair of leaking
equipment).
Keywords: 'Solvent extraction, 'Air pollution control,
Soybean oil, Cottonseed oil, Food industry, Chemical
industry, Technology, Design, Performance evalua-
tion, 'Volatile organic compounds, 'State implementa-
tion plan, "Emission factors, Memphis(Tennessee),
Reasonably available control technology.
PB86-156882/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Qas Chromatographic Method for Quantitative
Determination of C2 to C13 Hydrocarbons in
Roadway Vehicle Emissions. Journal article.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
F. D. Stump, and D. L. Dropkin. 1985,8p EPA/600/J-
85/254
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v57 n13 p2629-2634 Nov
85.
A gas chromatographic system was used to quantitate
more than 300 gas-phase hydrocarbons from back-
ground and roadside ambient air samples. Samples
were simultaneously collected in Tedlar bags and on
Tenax cartridges. Hydrocarbons from Tedlar bag-col-
lected samples were quantitated on a gas chromato-
graph arranged in a dual column configuration and
equipped with a flame ionization detector. The C2 and
C3 hydrocarbons were separated on a 5-m long stain-
less steel column packed with silica gel; C4 to C13 hy-
drocarbons were separated on a 125-m long glass
capillary column containing 7.5% hydrophobic silica. A
stairriess steel hydrocarboh trap filled with untreated
glass wool permitted the concentration of at least 4-L
of sample at 70% relative humidity. This extends the
detection limits for individual hydrocarbons to 15.0
parts per trillion carbon. A programmable valve con-
troller maintained trap cooling during hydrocarbon
concentration and thermally desorbed the hydrocar-
bons for gas chromatographic analysis.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions,
Concentration(Compositlon),' Hydrocarbons, Perform-
ance evaluation, Reprints.
PB86-156890/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Characterization of Emissions from Vehicles
Using Methanol and Msthanol-Qasollne Blended
Fuels. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
P. A. Gabele, J. O. Baugh, F. Black, and R. Snow.
C1985,9p EPA/600/J-85/255
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v35
nl 1 pi 168-1175 Nov 85. Prepared in cooperation with
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Exhaust and evaporative emissions were examined
from vehicles fueled with methanol or a gasoline-meth-
anol blend. Regulated automobile pollutants, as well
as detailed hydrocarbons, methanol, and aldehydes
were measured, and exhaust emission trends were ob-
tained for vehicle operation over five different driving
cycles. Results indicated that use of the blended fuel
does not generally have any significant effect on base-
line exhaust emission rates of regulated pollutants;
however, emission rates of aldehydes increased
during the Federal Test Procedure. Aldehyde emis-
sions from the methanol-fueled car were roughly an
order of magnitude higher than those resulting from
blended fuel usage. The hydrocarbon composition of
evaporative emissions with the blended fuel was simi-
lar to that with the base-line fuel except when canister
breakthrough occurred. Evaporative emissions during
breakthrough were chiefly comprised of N-butane.
Keywords: 'Gasoline, 'Hydrocarbons, 'Motor vehi-
cles, 'Exhaust emissions, Methanol. Aldehydes,
Fuels, Reprints.
PB86-156908/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Application of a Swept-Potential Electrochemical
Detector In the Liquid-Chromatographic Determi-
nation of Nitroaamlnes. Journal article,
Georgia Inst of Tech., Atlanta. School of Chemistry.
M. B. Thomas, H. Msimanga, and P. E. Sturrock.
C1985, 9p EPA/600/J-85/256
Pub. in Analytica Chimica Acta 174, p287-291 1985.
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Athens,
GA.
A swept-potential detector, operating in the square-
wave voltammetric mode, is used in the liquid-chroma-
tographic determination of a mixture of eight nitrosa-
mines. Only three compounds were completely sepa-
rated by the C-18 column. Three more were resolved
by reducing constant-potential chromatograms from
the computer buffer. Mathematical deconvolution via
fast-Fourier transform was applied to the remaining
components.
Keywords: 'Detectors, 'Electrochemistry, 'Volt-
meters, 'Nitrosamines, Performance evaluation,
Potentiometers(lnstruments), Reprints, Computer ap-
plications.
PB86-156918/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparative Toxicology of Laboratory Orga-
nisms for Assessing Hazardous Waste Sites. Jour-
nal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
W. E. Miller, S. A. Peterson, J. C. Greene, and C. A.
Callahan. 1985,9p EPA/600/J-85/257
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality, v14 n4 p569-574
1985.
Multi-media/multi-trophic level bioassays have been
proposed to determine the extent and severity of envi-
ronmental contamination at hazardous waste sites.
Comparative toxicological profiles for algae, daphnia,
earthworms, microbes, mixed sewage and plants;
wheat 'Stephens', lettuce, butter crunch, radish,
'Cherry Belle', red clover, 'Kenland', and cucumber,
'Spartan Valor' are presented for selected heavy
metals, herbicides and insecticides. Specific chemical
EC50 values are presented for each test organism. Dif-
ferences In standard deviations were compared be-
tween each individual test organism, as well as for the
chemical subgroup assayed. Algae and daphnia are
the most sensitive test organisms to heayy metals and
insecticides followed in order of decreasing sensitivity
by Microtox, DO depletion rate, seed germination and
earthworms. Differences in toxicity of 2,4-D chemical
formulations and commercial sources of insecticides
were observed with algae and daphnia tests.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, "Hazardous materials, "Solid
waste disposal, Bioassay, Microorganisms, Reprints.
PB86-156924/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Ultravlolet-B Irradlance In Soybean. 6.
Influence of Phosphorus Nutrition on Growth and
Flavonlid Content. Journal article,
Maryland Univ., College Park. Dept. of Botany.
N. S. Murali, and A. H. Teramura. C1985,6p EPA/600/
J-85/258
Pub. irr.Phwiologia Plantarum 63, n4p413-416 1985.
See also PB84-206622. Sponsored by Corvallis Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., OR.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Soybeans Glycine max Essex were hydroponically
grown in a greenhouse at 2 levels of ultraviolet-B(UV-
B) radiation and 4 levels of P. Plants were grown in
each treatment combination to the complete expan-
sion of the 4th trifoliolate leaf. UV-B radiation and re-
duced P supply generally decreased plant height, leaf
area and total biomass, but increased specific leaf
weight and flavonoid content (measured as absor-
bance of methanolic extracts). Although both UV-B ra-
diation and low P supply produced deleterious effects
on plant biomass, the effects were non-additive. The
combination of UV-B and the lowest P level (6.5 mi-
crometers) had no effect on total biomass or leaf area.
This was at least partially due to the accumulation of
flavonoids and leaf thickening. The results show that
the sensitivity of soybean to UV-B radiation is depend-
ent upon plant P supply.
Keywords: 'Radiation effects, "Soybean plants, Pho-
tosynthesis, Plant growth, Greenhouses, Sensitivity,
Ultraviolet radiation, Biomass, Phosphorus, Reprints,
'Glycine max.
PB86-156932/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Virus-Like Particle* with T= 19 Icosahedral Sym-
metry in a Human Gastroenteritis Stool. Journal ar-
ticle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
F. P. Williams. 1985,8p EPA/600/J-85/253
Pub. in Micron and Microscopica Acta, v16 n3 p173-
178 Oct 85.
Virus-like particles not previously described were ob-
served in a human gastroenteritis stool using negative-
stain TEM. The stool was among a number of acute-
phase illness stools which had been collected in Egypt
during 1980. The particles measured 65-70 nm in di-
ameter, and it was possible to detect individual cap-
somers on many of these particles. The capsomeric
pattern identified on the particles corresponded to an
icosahedrally symmetric T = 19 capsid. Distinctive 5-
fold vertices, usually appearing as darker spots on the
capsid were an additional feature of these particles.
The capsid structure, which is skew, could readily be
distinguished from the T = 25 capsid of adenovirus
and the holey capsids of rotavirus and reovirus. Anti-
body to the particles was detected in both the shed-
ding individual's acute- and convalescent-phase
serum specimens using IEM, although an antibody in-
crease was not demonstrated.
Keywords: 'Viruses, 'Gastroenteritis, Humans, Feces,
Reprints.
PB86-156940/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Health Effects of Ambient Ozone Exposure in Vig-
orously Exercising Adults,
Texas Univ. Health Science Center at Houston. School
of Public Health.
B. J. Selwyn, T. H. Stock, D. E. Jenkins, D. J.
Kotchmar, and R. S. Chapman. Jan 86,21 p EPA/600/
D-86/033
Grant EPA-CR-807108
Prepared in cooperation with Baylor Coll. of Medicine,
Houston, TX. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The purpose of the analysis was to examine the asso-
ciation of changes in ambient ozone concentrations
with changes in the pulmonary function (PFT) of
healthy adults after exercising vigorously outdoors.
During May-October, 1981, 24 community residents
(men and women) ran three miles twice a week some
time between 4:30 and 6:30 PM at a high school track
near Houston, Texas. An air monitoring trailer stood
beside the track and monitored environmental varia-
bles continuously. The continuously measured envi-
ronmental variables in this analysis (ozone, tempera-
ture, and relative humidity) were averaged over 15
minute intervals. Standard forced expiratory maneu-
vers were performed before and after each run. Exer-
cise exertion was standardized.
Keywords: 'Exercise(Physiology), 'Ozone, 'Adults,
'Environmental health, 'Air pollution effects(Humans).
PB86-156957/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Study of Rapping Reentrainment Emissions from
a Pilot-Scale Electrostatic Precipitator. Journal arti-
cle,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
P. V. Bush. C1984, 9p EPA/600/J-84/356
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v18
n9 p699-705 Sep 84. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The article gives results of a test program to determine
the quantity and size distribution of rapping reentrain-
ment emissions from a large pilot-scale electrostatic
precipitator (ESP) at TVA's Bull Run steam plant. The
ESP current density and specific collection area were
varied during the testing. The data were compared to
information from full-scale ESPs that had been used to
derive generic relationships for rapping reentrainment
incorporated in the mathematical model of precipita-
tion. The studies showed that the character of the rap-
ping emissions measured on the pilot ESP differs from
the generic rapping used in the ESP model.
Keywords: 'Electrostatic precipitators, 'Air pollution
control equipment, Emissions, Dust, Reprints, 'Pollu-
tion control, Reentrainment.
PB86-156965/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Status of Porous Biomass Support Systems for
Wastewater Treatment: An Innovative/Alternative
Technology Assessment. Final rept.,
Dynamac Corp., Rockville, MD.
W. C. Boyle, and A. T. Wallace. Jan 86,106p EPA/
600/2-86/019
Contract EPA-68-03-3130
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Univ.-Madi-
son, and Idaho Univ., Moscow. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engi-
neering Research Lab.
A study was conducted to assess the emerging
wastewater treatment technology of porous biomass
support systems (PBSS). These systems use large
numbers of small, open-cell or reticulated polyure-
thane foam pads to support high concentrations of bio-
mass in an aeration basin. Visits were made to labora-
tories of the original process developers in the United
Kingdom and in West Germany. The study concluded
that PBSS technology does not presently qualify as a
fully developed technology, but that the technology
offers some attractive potential benefits and very little
risk for some intended applications.
Keywords: 'Aeration, 'Sewage treatment, Biomass,
Lagoons(Ponds), Polyurethane resins, Foam rubber,
Porous materials, Feasibility, Assessments, Alterna-
tive planning, 'Porous biomass support systems.
PB86-157211/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Methods for Assessing Exposure to Chemical
Substances. Volume 6. Methods for Assessing
Occupational Exposure to Chemical Substances.
Final rept.,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
H. L. Schultz, G. H. Dixon, S. H. Nacht, C. E. Carpenter,
and W. Christie. Aug 85, 395p EPA/560/5-85/006
Contracts EPA-68-02-3968, EPA-68-01-6271
See also PB86-132156. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic
Substances.
The report, one of a series of reports concerning expo-
sure assessment, describes methods and catalogs in-
formations sources for estimating exposure to chemi-
cal substances in the occupational environment. The
report provides specific guidance for conducting the
various component analyses of an occupational expo-
sure assessment. It details approaches used to identi-
fy chemical manufacturing, processing, and use loca-
tions, and for determining the chemical processes
used. The types of monitoring data useful in occupa-
tional exposure assessments are addressed, as are
relevant QA/QC considerations. The mass balance
approach to estimating workplace contaminant con-
centrations in the absence of pertinent monitoring data
is detailed, as are methods for evaluating contaminant
transport and transformation in the workplace, and at-
tendant worker exposure pathways. Procedures for
identifying, characterizing, and enumerating exposed
worker populations are outlined, and methods are pro-
vided for calculating the level of exposure experienced
by each population. The report concludes by providing
two appendices. The first details the exposure poten-
tial associated with a number of major industrial proc-
esses, while the second identifies a large number of in-
formation sources useful in conducting occupational
exposure assessments.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Environmental sur-
veys, "Toxicology, 'Public health, 'Industrial hygiene,
'Chemical compounds, Exposure, Risk, Assessments,
Sources, Industrial wastes, Ecology, Air pollution,
Water pollution, Ecology, Humans, Exhaust emissions.
Materials tests, Plants(Botany), Animals, Microorga-
nisms, Tables(Data), 'Health risks, 'Toxic substances,
'Environmental health, 'Occupational safety and
health, Path of pollutants, Land pollution.
PB86-157294/HSU	PC A23/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Metal Value Recovery from Metal Hydroxide
Sludges. Final rept. Jul 82-Sep 84,
Montana Coll. of Mineral Science and Technology,
Butte.
L. G. Twidwell. Oct 85, 530p EPA/600/2-85/128
Grants EPA-CR-809305-01, EPA-CR-810736-01
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
A two-year study investigating the potential for metal
value recovery from metal hydroxide sludges has been
completed. The objectives of the study were to: Devel-
op a flowsheet to separate and recover metal values
from metal finishing hydroxide sludge materials and
operate on a laboratory scale (Phase I), Develop a test
assembly of unit operations to accomplish the separa-
tion of metal values on a pilot scale of 75-100 pounds
of sludge per day, Verify that the pilot scale unit oper-
ations accomplish appropriate separations, and Delin-
eate potential operational problems.
Keywords: 'Materials recovery, Iron, Copper, Zinc,
Chromium, Nickel, Hydroxides, Industrial wastes,
'Sludges.
PB86-157569/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Barge Loading Facilities: Summary Report for
Technical Support In Development of a Revised
Ozone 8tete Implementation Plan for Memphis,
Tennessee.
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Durham, NC.
Jun85,35p
Contract EPA-68-02-3887
See also PB86-157583. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region IV.
The document presents information on emissions of
volatile organic compounds (VOC's) from barge load-
ing facilities in Shelby County, Tennessee. Information
is presented on the process, emissions, emission con-
trol techniques, and the cost of reducing emissions
based on information from a variety of sources. These
sources include: an inspection of a barge loading facili-
ty, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) docu-
ments, technical literature, telephone communications
with a representative of the MAPCO barge loading fa-
cility, and meetings with EPA personnel. The basis for
this information is a status report for demonstration of
vapor control technology for gasoline loading of
barges.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Barges, 'Loading
procedures, Economic analysis, Feasibility, Sources,
Environmental impacts, Cost analysis, Gasoline]
'Volatile organic compounds, 'Emission factors
'State implementation plan, Reasonably available
control technology, Memphis(Tennessee).
PB86-157583/HSU
PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
Wood Furniture Coetlng: Summary Report for
Technical Support In Development of a Revised
Ozone State Implementation Plan for Memphis,
Tennessee.
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Durham, NC.
Jun 85,57p
Contract EPA-68-02-3887
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
See also PB86-156825. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region IV.
The document presents information on emissions of
volatile organic compounds (VOC) from wood furniture
coating facilities in Shelby County, Tennessee. Infor-
mation is presented on the industry, emissions from
wood furniture coating facilities, emission control tech-
niques, and ths costs of reducing emissions. Sources
of information include plant visits to furniture coating
facilities in Shelby County, a review of Shelby County
permit applications, the 1985 VOC emissions inventory
for Shelby County, discussions with furniture coating
facilities and spray equipment vendors, a review of
technical literature, and studies conducted in other
states. The control measures described in the docu-
ment represent the presumptive norm or reasonably
available control technology (RACT) that can be ap-
plied to existing furniture coating plants. It may require
technology that has been applied to similar, but not
necessarily identical, source categories. It is not in-
tended that extensive research and development be
conducted before a given control technology can be
applied to the source. However, short-term evaluation
programs are considered an appropriate technology-
forcing aspect of RACT.
Keywords: 'Wood products, 'Furniture, 'Coatings,
*Air pollution control, Sources, Industrial wastes, Sol-
vents, Sprayed coatings, Tennessee, 'Volatile organic
compounds, 'State implementation plan, Reasonably
available control technology, Memphis(Tennessee).
PB86-157732/HSll	PC A02/MF A01
Separating the Effects of Lead and Social Factors
on IQ. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. R. Schroeder, B. Hawk, D. A. Otto, P. Mushak, and
R. E. Hicks. C1985,13p EPA/600/J-85/267
Pub. in Environmental Research 38, p144-154 1985.
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill. School of Medicine.
Initial evaluations of 104 low-socioeconomic status
black children screened by the local community health
departments in North Carolina showed significant ef-
fects of lead in the range 6-59 micrograms/dl on IQ
after controlling for concomitant social factors, such as
socioeconomic status, home environment, and mater-
nal IQ. The main concomitant variable was socioeco-
nomic status, which was multicolinear with other social
factors. Five years later, when all blood lead levels
were 30 micrograms/dl or less, lead effects on IQ
were no longer significant. The correlation between
maternal and child TQ, which had been suppressed ini-
tially in children with higher lead levels, returned to ex-
pected levels when decreases in blood lead level oc-
curred, while concomitant variables remained stable
over the 5-year period. (Copyright (c) 1985 Academic
Press, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Lead(Metal), Socioeconomic
factors, North Carolina, Intelligence, Reprints, 'Heavy
metals, 'Black Americans.
PB86-157740/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Acute Toxicity of Thiocyanate to Trout. Journal ar-
ticle,
British Columbia Univ., Vancouver.
T. A. Heming, R. V. Thurston, E. L. Meyn, and R. K.
Zajdel. C1985, 13p EPA/600/J-85/273
Pub. in Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
14, p895-905 1985. Prepared in cooperation with Mon-
tana State Univ., Bozeman. Fisheries Bioassay Lab.
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth,
MN.
Acutely toxic effects of thiocyanate SCN(-) were stud-
ied in brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and rainbow
trout Salmo gairdneri exposed to concentrations of up
to 518 mg/l SCN(-). These fishes were capable of ac-
cumulating thiocyanate against its concentration gradi-
ent and at relatively rapid rates dependent upon the
exposure SCN(-) concentration, fish size, and anionic
composition of the exposure water. Uptake of thio-
cyanate was inhibited by external chloride, was ac-
companied by a decline in the plasma Cl(-) concentra-
tion, and, therefore, presumably involved substitution
of SCN(-) for Cl(-) at the HC03(-)/CI(-) exchange sites
of the gill. Endogenous conversion of thiocyanate to
cyanide was detected in exposed trout. (Copyright (c)
by the American Fisheries Society 1985.)
Keywords: 'Thiocyanates, 'Trout, 'Toxicity, 'Water
pollution, Exposure, Concentration(Composition), Ac-
cumulation, Exercise (Physiology), Nervous system
disorders, Bioassay, Cyanides, Survival, Tests, Re-
prints, "Salmo gairdneri, Brook trout.
PB86-157757/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Emissions of Vapor-Phase Fluorine and Ammonia
from the Columbia Coal-Fired Power Plant. Journal
article,
New Hampshire Univ., Durham. Dept. of Chemistry.
C. F. Bauer, and A. W. Andren. c1985, 8p EPA/600/J-
85/274
Grant EPA-R-806878
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v19
n11 p1099-1103 1985. Prepared in cooperation with
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Water Chemistry Lab. Spon-
sored by Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Gaseous fluorine and ammonia emissions from two
pulverized-coal power plants were measured over a 6-
month period. In one unit, emissions contained a
median 1.5 mg/scm (standard cubic meter) NH3 and
1.9 mg/scm F (86% of available F in coal). For the
other unit lower levels were found: 0.042 mg/scm NH3
and 0.22 mg/scm F (4.2% of available F in coal). Am-
monia varied by more than 10 times in each unit and
was enhanced in Unit I by addition of ammonium car-
bonate to improve precipitator efficiency. Fluorine
varied less than 50% in each unit. The difference in F
between units was related circumstantially to ash con-
tent. Daily variation of F and NH3 was less than 20%.
Neither gas was in sufficient quantity relative to S02 to
influence net acidity. Levels of F were comparable to
those of other combustion sources and the aluminum
industry. On a global scale, coal combustion is not a
major source of either F or NH3. Among anthropogen-
ic sources, however, it is a significant contributor and
may be important locally. In contrast, NH3 emissions
are negligible.
Keywords: "Environmental impacts, 'Fluorine, 'Am-
monia, 'Air pollution, Electric power plants, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Reprints, "Coal fired
power plants.
PB86-1S776S/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Structure-Genotoxic Activity Relationships of
Pesticides: Comparison of the Results from Sev-
eral Short-Term Assays. Journal article,
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH.
G. Klopman, R. Contreras, H. S. Rosenkranz, and M.
D. Waters. C1985,16p EPA/600/J-85/276
Pub. in Mutation Research 147, p343-356 1905. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC.
The Computer-Automated Structure Evaluation
(CASE) program has been applied to the analysis of
the genotoxic activity of 54 pesticides (31 insecticides,
15 herbicides and 8 fungicides), in 5 different short-
term test systems measuring point-gene mutation and
DNA damage. The database contains compounds pre-
senting quite diverse structures including carbamates,
thiocarbamates, organophosphurus, halo-aromatics
and some other functionalities. Some significant rela-
tionships between common structural features and the
genotoxic activity displayed by these chemicals have
been found. Among the most relevant fragments, auto-
matically selected by the program, a methoxyphos-
phinyl and a chloro-vinyl group appear as the common
structural subunits responsible for the activities detect-
ed in the battery composed of the Salmonella typhi-
murium mutagenicity, the Mouse Lymphoma gene mu-
tation assay and recombinogenicity in the yeast Sac-
charomyces cerevisiae.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Toxicology, Bioassay, Com-
parison, Reprints, 'Genotoxicity, Computer applica-
tions.
PB86-157773/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.	a
Reproductive Outcomes In Women Exposed to
Solvents In 36 Reinforced Plastics Companies. 1.
Menstual Dysfunction. Journal article,
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Coll. of Medicine.
G. K. Lemasters, A. Hagen, and S. J, Samuels. C1985,
8p EPA/600/J-85/269
Grant EPA-R-806669
Pub. in Jnl. of Occupational Medicine, v27 n7 p490-
494 Jul 85. Prepared in cooperation with California
Univ., Davis. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Recent studies have suggested that exposure to sty-
rene monomer and other solvents is associated with
menstrual disturbances. This is the first U.S. study to
evaluate the effects of exposure to styrene on dys-
menorrhea, intermenstrual bleeding, secondary amen-
orrhea, menstrual blood clots, and hypermenorrhea. A
comprehensive questionnaire was administered to
1,535 blue-collar workers. Multiple logistic regression
analyses did not reveal a positive association between
styrene exposure and any menstrual abnormality. Risk
factors associated with menstrual disturbances includ-
ed chronic illness with secondary amenorrhea, nulli-
parity with both decreased blood clots and hypermen-
orrhea, smoking with blood clots, and age with hyper-
menorrhea. The overall prevalences of menstrual dis-
orders were 14% for dysmenorrhea, 16% for inter-
menstrual bleeding, 7% for secondary amenorrhea,
40% for menstrual blood clots, and 31% for hyper-
menorrhea.
Keywords: 'Reproduction(Biology), 'Solvents, "Toxi-
cology, Females, Reinforced plastics, Reprints,
Women, "Occupational safety and health.
PB86-157781 /HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Spectral Fingerprinting of Polycyclic Aromatic Hy-
drocarbons in High-Volume Ambient Air Samples
by Constant Energy Synchronous Luminescence
Spectroscopy. Journal article,
Florida Univ., Gainesville.
M. J. Kerkhoff, T. M. Lee, E. R. Allen, D. A. Lundgren,
and J. D. Winefordner. C1985, 8p EPA/600/J-85/270
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v19
n8 p695-699, 8 Nov 85. Sponsored by Environmental
Sciences Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A high-volume sampler fitted with a glass-fiber filter
and backed by polyurethane foam (PUF) was em-
ployed to collect airborne particulate and gas-phase
polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ambient air.
Samples were collected from four sources represent-
ing a range of environmental conditions: gasoline
engine exhaust, diesel engine exhaust, air near a
heavily traveled interstate site, and air from a moder-
ately polluted urban site. Spectral fingerprints of the
unseparated particulate and gas-phase samples were
obtained by constant energy synchronous lumines-
cence spectrocopy (CESLS). Five major PAHs in the
gas-phase extracts were characterized and estimated.
The compatibility of a high-volume sampling method
using polyurethane foam coupled with CESLS detec-
tion is explored for use as a screening technique for
PAHs in ambient air.
Keywords: "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Finger-
prints, Spectra, Matching, Reprints, "Air pollution con-
trol, Air sampling, Particulates.
PB86-157799/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Sand/Granular Carbon Filtration Treatment
System for Removing Aqueous Pesticide Resi-
dues from a Marine Toxicology Laboratory Efflu-
ent. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
J. C. Moore, D. J. Hansen, R. L. Garnas, and L. R.
Goodman. 1985,6p EPA/600/J-85/271, CONTRIB-
481
Pub. in Water Research, v19 n12 p1601-1604 1985.
Flow-through toxicity tests using marine organisms
can generate large volumes of contaminated sea
water effluent which should be treated to remove the
contaminants before being discharged into the envi-
ronment. The authors have developed a sand filtra-
tion/activated carbon treatment system that removes
a diversity of organophosphate, organochlorine and
pyrethroid pesticide residues from these effluents. The
sand filter removes from 60 to 97% of the chemicals
by continuously filtering suspended particulates and
associated chemicals as well as by facilitating parti-
tioning of chemicals from water to organic material in
the sand filter. Following sand filtration, effluent water
slowly percolates through granular activated carbon.
Overall, removal efficiencies exceed 90%. The organic
material and associated chemicals are backwashed
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
from the sand weekly, separated and concentrated by
gravity and packaged for disposal.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Toxicity, Residues, Effluents,
Marine organisms, Contaminants, Sand filtration. Acti-
vated carbon, Reprints, "Water pollution control.
PB86-157807/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) Transmission
Spectrometry for the Nondestructive Determina-
tion of Ammonium and Sulfate in Ambient Aero-
sols Collected on Teflon Filters. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
W. A. McClenny, J. W. Childers, R. Roehl, and R. A.
Palmer. C1985,10p EPA/600/J-85/272
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v19 n11 p1891-
1898 1985. Prepared in cooperation with Duke Univ.,
Durham, NC. Paul M. Gross Chemical Lab.
Fourier transform infrared transmission spectroscopy
is used to analyze directly for sulfate and ammonium
present in ambient aerosol particles deposited on
Teflon filters. Integrated infrared peak areas for sulfate
and ammonium are linearly related to x-ray fluores-
cence measurements for total sulfur. The detection
limit, in terms of total sulfur, is 450 ng/cu.m. using
samples volumes of 21.6 cu.m. The actual detection
limit may be less since uncertainties of 5-8% occur in
the x-ray fluorescence measurements and all sulfur
may not be in the form of ammonium sulfate. In order
to determine the influence of site-dependent variations
in collected particles on the infrared measurement,
samples from four widely different sites were analyzed.
Keywords: "Infrared spectroscopy, "Hazardous mate-
rials, Chemical analysis, Particles, Sulfates, Ammoni-
um, Aerosols, Reprints, "Fourier transform spectros-
copy, Air pollution detection.
PB86-157971/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Phenylmethylsulfonyl Fluoride Protects Rats from
Mipafox-lnduced Delayed Neuropathy. Journal arti-
cle.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.
B. Veronesi, and S. Padilla. 1985, 9p EPA/600/J-85/
281
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacoloqy 81,
p258-264 Nov 85.
Initiation of organophosphorus-induced delayed neu-
ropathy (OPIDN) is thought to consist of two molecular
events involving the phosphorylation of the target
enzyme, neurotoxic esterase or neuropathy target
enzyme (NTE), and a subsequent 'aging' reaction
which transforms the inhibited NTE into a charged
moiety critical to the neuropathic process. Compounds
that inhibit NTE but cannot age because of their chem-
ical structure abort this two-stage initiation process,
and when administered before a neurotoxic organo-
phosphorus compound (OP), protect against the neu-
ropathy by blocking NTE's active site (Johnson, 1970).
In support of this, the authors report that prior expo-
sure to a non-aging NTE inhibitor, phenylmethylsul-
fonyl fluoride (PMSF), protects rats from neurological
damage after subsequent exposure to a neurotoxic
OP, Mipafox. Adult, male Long Evans rats were ex-
posed to either PMSF (250mg/kg, sc) or to Mipafox
(15 mg/kg, ip) and a time-course of brain NTE inhibi-
tion and recovery was defined.
Keywords: "Fluorides, "Toxicology, Rats, Laboratory
animals, Reprints, "Neuropathy.
PB86-158011/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Design and Development of an Air Sampler for
the Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring
System (ERAMS),
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
B. J. Miller. Dec 85,16p EPA/520/5-85/032
The newly designed air sampler for the ERAMS net-
work meets all the desired design characteristics.
Units have been in use at some ERAMS stations for
more than two years and have operated satisfactorily.
No samples have been lost due to inoperative sam-
plers. Sampling air flow rates are adequate to collect
the desired sample volume. Purchase cost, operating
costs and repair costs are greatly reduced compared
to the previously used samplers. The small physical
size and light weight result in a unit which is inexpen-
536 Vol. 90, No. 24
sive and easy to ship and to get into the operating lo-
cation. Operating life of the blower is adequate to mini-
mize the inconvenience and cost associated with fre-
quent replacement. Ease of operator use and low op-
erating noise result in a unit that has been readily ac-
cepted by the station operators.
Keywords: "Radioactive contaminants, Performance,
"Air samplers, Environmental Radiation Ambient Moni-
toring System, ERAMS system, Costs.
PB86-158045/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Bacteria - 1986,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
A. Dufour, and R. Ballentine. Jan 86, 26p EPA/440/5-
84/002
Ambient Water quality Criteria for Bacteria 1986 gives
the rationale for revised recreational water quality cri-
teria (full body contact waters) under section 304(a) of
the Clean Water Act. The criteria are based on E. coli
and enterococci densities. The fresh water criteria are:
E. coli 126/100ml; or enterococci 33/100ml. The
marine water criteria are: enterococci 35/1O0ml. The
confidence limits for application of the criteria vary with
the degree of swimming use.
Keywords: "Bacteria, "Recreational facilities, "Water
pollution, Fresh water, Swimming, Sea water, Escheri-
chia coli, Enterobacteriacea, Estimating,
Density(Mass/Volume), Gastrointestinal diseases,
Clean Water Act of 1977, "Water quality standards.
PB86-158052/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Test Methods for 'Escherichia coli' and Entero-
cocci' in Water by the Membrane Filter Procedure.
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Dec 85, 33p EPA/600/4-85/076
Test Methods for Escherichia Coli in Water by the
Membrane Filter Procedure is a detailed description,
including precision and bias testing, of procedures to
measure the bacteriological densities of E. coli and en-
terococci in ambient waters.
Keywords: "Bacteriology, "Water pollution, Laborato-
ries, Test methods, Escherichia coli, Enterobacteria-
ceae.
PB86-158136/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Bulk Plants: Technical Support in Development of
a Revised Ozone State Implementation Plan for
Memphis, Tennessee. Summary rept.
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Durham, NC.
Jun85,31 p
Contract EPA-6B-02-3887
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, At-
lanta, GA. Region IV.
The document presents information on emissions of
volatile organic compounds (VOC) from a bulk gaso-
line plant in Shelby County, Tennessee. The bulk plant
is reported to emit less than 25 tons per year of VOC.
The results of the analysis are used to identify reason-
ably available control technology (RACT) for VOC
emissions from bulk gasoline plants in Shelby County
emitting or showing the potential to emit 25 tons per
year or less of VOC. Information presented in the doc-
ument was obtained from the Union Texas Petroleum
bulk gasoline plant in Memphis, Tennessee, the Mem-
phis and Shelby County Health Department permit ap-
plication files, the 1985 Shelby County VOC emissions
inventory, and the Control Techniques Guideline
(CTG) Document for Bulk Gasoline Plants. The sec-
lions of the report briefly discuss emission sources,
emission controls and costs, and operation of the bulk
gasoline plant.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Air pollution control, Storage
tanks, Vapor phase, Regulations. Tennessee, "Fugi-
tive emissions, Shelby County(Tennessee).
PB86-15S359/HSU	PC A99/MF E06
Listing of Pesticide Data Submitters by Chemical
(Ninth Edition). Rept. for 1969-85.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
4 Dec85, 1120p* EPA/540/9-85/022
Supersedes PB84-161538.
The Pesticide Data Submitters List is a compilation of
names and addresses (and, where available to the
Agency, telephone numbers) of registrants who wish
to be notified and offered compensation for use of
their data. It was developed to assist pesticide appli-
cants in fulfilling their obligation as required by sec-
tions 3(c)(91) (D) and 3(c)(2)(D) of the Federal Insecti-
cide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and 40
CFR Part 162.9-5 regarding ownership of data used to
support registration. The listing consists of two parts: a
sequential list of data submitters sorted by chemical
code number and an index to the chemical code ar-
ranged alphabetically by chemical name.
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Environmental surveys,
Tables(Data),	Chemical	compounds,
Indexes(Documentation), Coding, Standards, "Regis-
tration, Chemical nomenclature, Listings.
PB86-158474/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Short-Term Methods for Estimating the Chronic
Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to
Freshwater Organisms,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH. Biological Methods Branch.
W. B. Horning, and C. I. Weber. Dec 85,175p EPA/
600/4-85/014
See also PB85-205383.
The manual describes short-term (four- to eight-day)
methods for estimating the chronic toxicity of effluents
and receiving waters to a freshwater fish, an inverte-
brate, and an alga. Also included are guidelines on lab-
oratory safety, quality assurance, facilities and equip-
ment, dilution water, effluent sampling and holding,
data analysis, and organism culturing and handling.
Listings of computer programs for Dunnett's Proce-
dure and Probit Analysis are provided in the Appendix.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Fresh water biology, "Waterpol-
lution, Manuals, Fresh water fishes, Invertebrates,
Algae, Laboratories, Quality assurance, Safety, Bioas-
say, Equipment, Test methods.
PB86-158565/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Five-Year Follow-up Study of Children with Low-
to-Moderate Lead Absorption: Electrophysiologi-
cal Evaluation. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D. Otto, G. Robinson, S. Baumann, S. Schroeder, and
P. Mushak. C1985,21 p EPA/600/J-85/266
Pub. in Environmental Research 38, n1 p168-186
1985. Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina
Univ. at Chapel Hill.
Forty-nine children aged 6 to 12 years were evaluated
for residual effects of lead exposure using psychomet-
ric, electrophysiological, and medical tests five years
after initial assessment. The original range of blood
lead (PbB) levels was 6-59 micrograms/dl; the current
range was 6-30 micrograms/dl. A linear relationship
between PbB and slow brain wave voltage during sen-
sory conditioning was observed at initial evaluation
(Otto, et al., 1981) and at two-year follow-up (Otto, et
al. 1982). No significant relationship between PbB and
slow wave voltage during passive conditioning was
found at five-year follow-up, although a linear increase
in slow wave negativity relative to current PbB level
during active conditioning was suggested by explora-
tory analyses. Another exploratory analysis revealed a
significant linear relationship between original PbB
level and the latency of waves III and V of the brain-
stem auditory evoked potential.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Lead(Metal), Children, Expo-
sure, Blood chemical analysis, Electrophysiology, Re-
prints, "Heavy metals, Evoked responses.
PB86-1S8S73/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Induction of DNA-Proteln Crosslinks In Human
Cells by Ultraviolet and Visible Radiations: Action
Spectrum. Journal article,
Argonne National Lab., IL.
J. G. Peak, M. J. Peak, R. S. Sikorski, and C, A. Jones
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pub. in Photochemistry and Photobioloay, v41 n3
p295-302 1985. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
DNA-protein crosslinking was induced in cultured
human P3 teratocarcinoma cells by irradiation with
monochromatic radiation with wavelengths in the
range 254-434 nm (far-UV, near-UV, and blue light).
Wavelength 545 nm green light did not induce these
crosslinks, using the method of alkaline elution of the
DNA from membrane filters. The action spectrum for
the formation of DNA-protein crosslinks revealed two
maxima, one in the far-UV spectrum that closely coin-
cided with the relative spectrum of DNA at 254 and
290 nm, and one in the visible light spectrum at 405
nm, which has no counterpart in the DNA spectrum.
The primary events for the formation of DNA-protein
crosslinks by such long-wavelength radiation probably
involve photosensitizers. This dual mechanism for
DNA-protein crosslink formation is in strong contrast to
the single mechanism for pyrimidine dimer formation in
DNA, which apparently has no component in the visi-
ble light spectrum.
Keywords: 'Radiation effects, "Deoxyribonucleic acid,
Humans, Cells(Biology), Ultraviolet radiation,
Light(Visible radiation), Reprints.
PB86-158581/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Neurophysiologies! Consequences of Acute Ex-
posure to Methylpyrldlnes. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. S. Dyer, L. J. Burdette, R. Janssen, and W. K.
Boyes. C1985,16p EPA/600/J-85/265
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 5, p920-
932 1985. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Serv-
ices, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A series of neurophysiological tests was performed on
Long-Evans hooded rats treated with either 2-, 3- or 4-
methylpyridine at dosages of 100mg/kg, approximate-
ly 1 /2 the i.p. LD50. The tests contained measures of
sensory function (paired pluse flash evoked potentials,
pattern reversal evoked potentials, brainstem auditory
evoked responses) and cerebral excitability (pentylen-
etetrazol (PTZ) seizures and hippocampal afterdis-
charges). In general, rats treated with 2- and 3-methyl-
pyridine were more affected than those treated with 4-
methylpyridine. The changes observed were in many
ways similar to those seen following administration of
depressant compounds: increased latency of evoked
potentials and increased latency to PTZ seizures. Not
all findings, however, were consistent with previously
observed patterns of CNS depression.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Bioassay, Rats, Laboratory
animals, Dosage, Reprints, "Pyridines/methyl, Evoked
responses.
PB86-158599/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Black Bullhead: An Indicator of the Presence of
Chemical Carcinogens. Journal article.
Auburn Univ., AL.
J. M. Grizzle. C1986,12p EPA/600/D-86/035
Grants EPA-CR-809336-010, EPA-CR-807844-010
Pub. in Water Chlorination: Chemistry, Environmental
Impacts, and Health Effects, v5 p451-460. Sponsored
by Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
The usefulness of exposing caged fish to polluted
water to detect chemical carcinogens was demon-
strated by the development of neoplasms on black
bullheads. Chemical analysis in this case failed to indi-
cate that that mutagenic or carcinogenic chemicals
were present, perhaps because of infrequent sam-
pling. Laboratory exposures of black bullheads to sedi-
ment extracts (unpublished data) and brown bullhead
embryos to organic extracts of the Tuskegee
wastewater failed to cause tumors or other lesions that
occurred on fish exposed in cages. Additional refine-
ment of techniques may improve the usefulness of lab-
oratory exposures; however, field exposure of caged
fish is currently most satisfactory for the conditions
and the carcinogen(s) present in the Tuskegee
wastewater.
Keywords: "Indicator species, "Toxicology, Fishes,
Reprints, "Water pollution detection, "Bioindicators,
Black bullheads, Carcinogens.
PB86-158607/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Arsenic (3) Oxidation and Removal from Drinking
Water,
Houston Univ., TX. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
P. Frank, and D. Clifford. Feb 86, 83p EPA/600/2-86/
021
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The oxidative pretreatment of As(lll) using chlorine
and oxygen was studied following quantification of
As(lll) and As(V) removals by activated alumina col-
umns. Activated alumina removed 100 ug/L As(V)
from a typical groundwater at pH 6.0 much more effec-
tively than As(lll). Approximately 23,500 bed volumes
of water were treated before As(V) reached the 0.05-
mg/L maximum contaminant level (MCL), whereas
only 300 bed volumes could be treated before As(lll)
reached that level. Variables affecting the oxidation of
As(lll) by chlorine include the pH, chloride concentra-
tion, other ions, chloramine formation and TOC.
Keywords: "Arsenic, "Potable water, "Water pollution
control, Oxidation, Water pollution, Water, Oxidation,
Removal, Ion exchanging, "Drinking water.
PB86-158615/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Overview of Statistics on Acute and Chronic
Water Contamination Problems. Published paper,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
G. F. Craun. Feb 86,38p EPA/600/D-86/039
Discussed in the paper are waterborne outbreaks of
acute disease and the association of water contami-
nants with cardiovascular disease and cancer. A se-
lected list of references provided for those wishing a
more in-depth report.
Keywords: "Chlorination, "Disinfectants, "Diseases,
"Water pollution, Contamination, Water quality, Car-
diovascular diseases, Potable water, "Drinking water,
Cancer.
PB86-158623/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Altered Thalamocortical Axon Morphology Fol-
lowing Neonatal Peripheral Nerve Damage: Impli-
cations for the Study of Developmental Neurotox-
icity,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
K. F. Jensen. Feb 86,17p EPA/600/D-86/040
Toxicant effects on central connectivity have not been
extensively characterized. Studies of developmental
neurotoxicity have typically described malformations
arising from damage to neuronal precursors. Toxicants
may also affect later stages of neural development. In
particular, they may disrupt the postnatal development
of sensory systems. The purpose of the paper is to de-
scribe the effects of postnatal damage to peripheral
sensory nerves on the trigeminal pathway of the
rodent somatosensory system. These studies, which
have demonstrated that neonatal peripheral nerve
damage produces persistent alterations in central con-
nections, have implications for the study of develop-
mental neurotoxicology.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Nervous system, Bioassay,
Axons, Rats, Laboratory animals, 'Neurotoxicology.
PB86-158631/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Electrophysiological Assessment of Neurotoxicity
in Children,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D. A. Otto. Feb 86,32p EPA/60O/D-86/041
Electrophysiological measures appropriate for use in
neurotoxicity testing in children are reviewed. These
methods include sensory evoked potentials (auditory
brainstem, pattern-reversal visual, somatosensory)
and event-related slow potentials (contingent negative
variation and association/P300 wave). Selection crite-
ria, strengths and weaknesses of individual tests are
discussed. Slow potential and auditory brainstem data
from children exposed to lead are presented as exam-
ples.
Keywords: 'Electrophysiologic recording, Children,
Assessment, "Neurotoxicology, Evoked responses.
PB86-158649/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Field and Laboratory Toxicity Tests with Shrimp,
Mysids, and Sheepshead Minnows Exposed to
Fenthion,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
J. R. Clark, L. R. Goodman, P. W. Borthwick, J. M.
Patrick, and J. C. Moore. Feb 86,32p EPA/600/D-86/
036
The authors conducted a series of laboratory pulse-ex-
posure experiments to model short-term field expo-
sures of two representative estuarine crustaceans,
Penaeus duorarum and Mysidopsis bahia, to the or-
ganophosphate insecticide fenthion. These tests es-
tablished acutely lethal and nonlethal concentrations
during pulse exposures. The authors varied in situ ex-
posure regimes and obtained responses among caged
test populations that ranged from no observed effect
to 100% mortality. The responses of caged pink
shrimp and mysids exposed to slowly changing con-
centrations of fenthion in the field were similar to what
would have been predicted based on laboratory tests
that established 24-, 48-, and 72-h LC50's.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Toxicity, "Crustacae,
"Water pollution, Estuaries, Tests, Exposure, Phos-
phorus	organic	compounds,
Concentration(Composition), Shrimps, Mortality, Min-
nows, Animal behavior, "Penaeus, "Mysiodopsis,
"Fenthion.
PB86-1S86S6/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Wetlands Research Plan, November 1985. Pub-
lished rept.,
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
J. B. Zedler, and M. E. Kentula. Feb 86,125p EPA/
600/3-86/009
Contract EPA-68-03-3246
Prepared in cooperation with San Diego State Univ.,
CA. Dept. of Biology, and Oregon State Univ., Corval-
lis. Dept. of General Science. Sponsored by Corvallis
Environmental Research Lab., OR.
The plan describes the research necessary to assist
the EPA in carrying out its responsibilities relative to
wetlands, including Section 404 of the Clean Water
Act. There are both operational and policy implications
to the proposed research. Many of the products will aid
404 personnel in evaluating permit applications. Some
will aid EPA in determining the relative importance of
wetlands in altering water quality and, thus, help set
policy determining the scope of wetlands protection.
Keywords: "Estuaries, "Swamps, "Waterpollution, Hy-
drology, Research management, Licenses, Govern-
ment policies, Assessments, Environmental impacts,
Objectives, Protection, Forest land, "Wetlands, Habi-
tats, Ecosystems.
PB86-158664/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Grouting Techniques In Bottom Sealing of Haz-
ardous Waste Sites. Final rept. Jun 82-Sep 85,
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS.
J. H. May, R. J. Larson, P. G. Malone, J. A. Boa, and D.
L. Bean. Jan 86,65p EPA/600/2-86/020
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Bottom sealing of hazardous waste sites involves the
injection or insertion of an inert impermeable and con-
tinuous horizontal barrier in soil below the source of
contamination. This type of containment strategy
could be used in conjunction with other technology
such as slurry walls, capping and counterpumping to
jnsure that contaminants do not move from the site
into surrounding soil or ground water. The objectives of
the project were to determine which types of available
grouts would be unreactive with hazardous wastes and
how effective direct injection or jet grouting techniques
would be in forming a grout barrier. The effectiveness
of a complete barrier was not evaluated. Grout formu-
lations used in the study were acrylate, 30% silicate,
50% silicate, urethane and Portland cement. These
studies indicated that present designs do not permit
close enough control to assure a bottom-seal to be
formed in alf media.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: *Seals(Stoppers), "Hazardous materials,
"Solid waste disposal, "Grouts, Contaminants, "Land-
fills, "Waste management, Land disposal.
PB86-158912/HSU	PC A99/MF E06
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy Analysis.
Comparison of Risks and Costs of Hazardous
Waste Alternatives: Methods Development and
Pilot Studies. Draft rept. (Final),
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
E. W. Lawless, T. W. Lapp, T. L. Ferguson, G. L. Kelso,
and H. V. Ellis. 19 Nov 84, 1083p EPA/230/02-86/009
Contract EPA-68-01-6558
Prepared in cooperation with Sobotka and Co., Inc.,
Washington, DC. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Policy Analy-
sis.
The report was designed to illustrate the extent to
which the assessment of risks was feasible for pro-
grams under the Resource Conservation and Recov-
ery Act (RCRA), using state-of-the-art methodologies
and available data, with a focus on land disposal. The
project examines whether changes in health risks
could be estimated as a hazardous waste stream is
shifted from one disposal technology to another. To
determine whether the methodology could be applied
in realistic situations, the report includes three case
studies, with four or five management options appro-
priate for each. The case study wastes are mercury-
contaminated brine muds from chlorine production,
distillation residues from production of carbon tetra-
chloride, and dioxin contaminated soil. Potential
sources, probabilities and magnitudes of releases are
identified, along with their movement through all envi-
ronmental media to estimate potential exposures at
any point. Dose-response functions for each health
effect are then combined with estimates of population
distribution to yield risk estimates for the most exposed
individual and the total number of cases over 200
years. Uncertainty analysis is applied to the health risk
estimates, using a propagation of errors approach.
Costs of installing and operating each alternative also
are estimated.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Risk, "Public
health, Substitutes, Pilot plants, Cost analysis, Expo-
sure, Dosage, Feasibility, Toxicity, Waste manage-
ment, Transport properties, Mercury(Metal), Carbon
tetrachloride, Soils, "Health risk, "Environmental
health, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Case studies, Dioxin(Herbicides).
PB86-158946/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Acute Hazardous Events Data Base. Interim rept.
(Final),
Industrial Economics, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
J. Cummings-Saxton, L. Lechner, S. J. Ratick, P.
Buckley, and T. K. Corwin. Dec 85, 209p EPA/560/5-
85/029
Contract EPA-68-02-4055
Prepared in cooperation with Management Technolo-
gy and Data Systems, Inc., Boston, MA., and PEI Asso-
ciates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of
Toxic Substances.
The Acute Hazardous Events Data Base (AHE) docu-
ment contains summaries of records of 3,121 acciden-
tal releases of hazardous substances. Because of
sampling, these records represent a larger population
of 6,928 events. One section describes the back-
ground and methodology. Another discusses the 468
events associated with the reported 4,717 injuries and
138 deaths. Other sections summarize the events as a
whole, with attention to end effects, causes and quan-
tities. A section considers large-scale atmospheric re-
leases, assessing similarities to the Bhopol accident.
Appendices contain the data coding procedures; sum-
mary data base profiles; a list of chemicals reportedly
released; summary statistics for events with reported
deaths of injuries and for events with spills or vapor re-
leases, but not fires or explosions; and a brief listing of
all events with reported deaths or injuries.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Information sys-
tems, 'Accident investigations, Public health, Air pollu-
tion, Exposure, 'Toxic substances, 'Chemical spills,
'Environmental health.
PB86-158979/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Research Needs in Biotechnology and the Envi-
ronment. Final Report on a Workshop Held at
Berkeley Springs, West Virginia on April 29-May 1,
1984.
American Association for the Advancement of Sci-
ence, Washington, DC. Office of Public Sector Pro-
grams.
Nov 85,184p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.
The report presents the results of a workshop con-
vened by the American Association for the Advance-
ment of Science and the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency to examine research needs in biotechnol-
ogy and the environment. The workshop was held at
Coolfont Conference Center, Berkeley Springs, West
Virginia, 29 April - 1 May 1984. Four draft papers pre-
pared by EPA staff - on environmental effects, health
effects, monitoring and quality assurance and control
technologies - served to focus discussions at the work-
shop. Two of these papers, revised following the work-
shop, are included in the report. In the two other cases,
the workshop review groups, and AAAS and EPA staff
determined that supplementary papers by outside indi-
viduals were warranted in order to better treat the
issues considered at the workshop. The report, there-
fore, represents a blend of the workshop discussions
and papers and additional work performed subse-
quently.
Keywords: 'Environment, "Research, Meetings, Re-
quirements, 'Biotechnology, Environmental Protection
Agency, American Association for the Advancement of
Science.
PB86-158987/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1984.
Volume 2. Northwestern Illinois Region. Annual
rept.,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
J. Hawes, and D. Newman. Oct 85,226p IEPA/WPC/
85-005B
See also PB86-119971, and PB86-158995. Prepared
in cooperation with Northwestern Illinois Planning
Commission, Chicago, and Southwestern Illinois Met-
ropolitan and Regional Planning Commission, Collins-
ville.
The report is Vol. II of a series of 7 reports summariz-
ing Illinois EPA's 1984 Volunteer Lake Monitoring Pro-
gram. It provides a program overview, summarizes re-
sults for 20 lakes in Northwestern Illinois, and dis-
cusses lake/watershed management strategies.
Thirty-three volunteers recorded total depth, Secchi
disc transparency, and field observations for 20 lakes
in Northwestern Illinois between May and October,
1984. Three lakes were classified as mesotrophic, and
the remainder, eutrophic, based on average Secchi
disc transparency.
Keywords: 'Illinois, 'Water pollution, "Lakes, Monitor-
ing, Citizen participation, Transparence, Clarity, Algae,
Limnology, Ranking, Tables(Data), "Trophic level,
Northwestern region(lllinois).
PB86-158995/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1984.
Volume S. East-Central Illinois Region. Annual
rept.,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
D. Newman. J. Hawes, C. Luly, and W. Hammel. Oct
85, 263p IEPA/WPC/85-005E
See also PB86-158987, and PB86-159001. Prepared
in cooperation with Northwestern Illinois Planning
Commission, Chicago, and Southwestern Illinois Met-
ropolitan and Regional Planning Commission, Collins-
ville.
The report is Vol. V of a series of 7 reports summariz-
ing Illinois EPA's 1984 Volunteer Lake Monitoring Pro-
gram. It provides a program overview, summarizes re-
sults for 21 lakes in East-Central Illinois, and discusses
lake/watershed management strategies. Thirty-two
volunteers recorded total depth, Secchi disc transpar-
ency, and field observations for 21 reservoirs in East-
Central Illinois between May and October, 1984. One
lake was classified as mesotrophic, and the remainder,
eutrophic, based on average Secchi disc transparen-
cy.
Keywords: "Illinois, "Water pollution, "Lakes, Monitor-
ing, Citizen participation, Transparence, Clarity, Algae,
Sediments, Limnology, Depth, Tables(Data), "Trophic
level, Eastern region(lllinois).
PB86-159001/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1984.
Volume 6. Southwestern Illinois Region. Annual
rept.,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
M. E. Clement. Oct 85,194p IEPA/WPC/85-005F
See also PB86-158995, and PB86-159019. Also pub.
as Southwestern Illinois Metropolitan and Regional
Planning Commission, Collinsville rept. no. SWIL-
MAPC-85-02. Prepared in cooperation with South-
western Illinois Metropolitan and Regional Planning
Commission, Collinsville.
A Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, initiated by Illi-
nois EPA in 1981 was continued in 1984. Citizens were
trained to measure Secchi Disc transparency, total
depth, and record field observations from a boat at
three sites on their chosen lake, twice a month from
May through October. The report provides a summary
of the 1984 program in the Southwestern Illinois
Region, where 17 volunteers participated in monitoring
13 lakes in the Region.
Keywords: "Illinois, "Water pollution, "Lakes, Monitor-
ing, Citizen participation, Transparence, Depth, Algae,
Sediments, Tables(Data), "Trophic level, Southwest-
ern regio n (Illinois).
PB86-159019/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1984.
Volume 7. Southern Illinois Region. Annual rept.,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
D. B. Muir. Oct 85,179p IEPA/WPC/85-005G
See also PB86-159001. Prepared in cooperation with
Greater Egypt Regional Planning and Development
Commission, Carbondale, IL., and Southwestern Illi-
nois Metropolitan and Regional Planning Commission,
Collinsville.
The report is Vol. VII of a series of 7 reports summariz-
ing Illinois EPA's 1984 Volunteer Lake Monitoring Pro-
gram. It provides a program overview, summarizes re-
sults for 13 lakes in Southern Illinois, and discusses
lake/watershed management strategies. Fifteen vol-
unteers recorded total depth, Secchi disc transparen-
cy, and field observations lor 13 lakes in Southern Illi-
nois between May and October, 1984. Two of the
lakes were classified as oligotrophic, and the remain-
der, eutrophic, based on average Secchi disc transpar-
ency.
Keywords: "Illinois, "Water pollution, "Lakes, Monitor-
ing, Citizen participation, Transparence, Clarity, Algae,
Sediments, Depth, Tables(Data), "Trophic level,
Southern region(lllinois).
PB86-159563/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstration of Pesticide
Products Containing Bentazon as the Active In-
gredient. EPA Case No. 182.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 85, 126p EPA/540/RS-85/011
The document contains information regarding regis-
tration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Standards, Guidelines, Ge-
netics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, 'Re-
registration, 'Bentazon, Benzothiadiazinone dioxide/
isopropyl, "Toxic substances.
PB86-159837/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Environmental Assessment of an Enhanced Oil
Recovery Steam Generator Equipped with a Low-
NOx Burner. Volume 1. Technical Results. Final
rept. Jan 84-Jan 85,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
C. Castaldini, L. R. Waterland, and H. I. Lips, Feb 86,
71p ACUREX/TR-84-161/EE, EPA/600/7-86/003A
Contract EPA-68-02-3188
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report discusses results from sampling flue gas
from an enhanced oil recovery steam generator (EOR
steamer) equipped with an MHI PM low-NOx burner.
The tests included burner performance/emission map-
ping tests, comparative testing of an identical steamer
equipped with a conventional burner, and comprehen-
sive testing of the low-NOx-burner-equipped steamer.
Comprehensive test measurements included continu-
ous flue gas monitoring; source assessment sampling
system testing with subsequent laboratory analysis to
give total flue gas organics in two boiling point ranges
and specific quantitation on the semivolatile organic
priority pollutants; C1 to C6 hydrocarbon sampling;
Methods 5/8 sampling for particulate and S02 and
S03 emissions; and emitted particle size distribution
tests using Andersen impactors. Full-load NOx emis-
sions of 110 ppm (3% 02) could be maintained from
the low-NOx burner at acceptable CO and smoke
emissions, compared to about 300 ppm (3% 02) from
the conventional-burner-equipped steamer. At the low-
NOx condition, CO, S02, and S03 emissions were 93,
594, and 3.1 ppm, respectively. Particulate emissions
were 39 mg/dscm with a mean particle diameter of 3
to 4 micrometers. Total organic emissions were 11.1
mg/dscm, almost exclusively volatile (C1 to C6) organ-
ics. Three PAHs were detected at from 0.1 to 1.4 mi-
crograms/dscm.
Keywords: 'Boilers, "Burners, "Nitrogen oxides, "Oil
recovery, "Air pollution control, Assessments, Flue
gases, Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Chem-
ical analysis, Sampling, Particles, Technology, Carbon
monoxide, Smoke, Sulfur dioxide, Sulfur trioxide, "En-
vironmental impact assessments, "Low nitrogen
oxides concentric firing systems, "Enhanced recovery,
"Air pollution detection, "Air pollution sampling, Con-
tinuous emission monitoring systems, SASS train im-
pinger systems.
PB86-159845/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Environmental Assessment of a Watertube Boiler
Firing a Coal-Water Slurry. Volume 1. Technical
Results. Final rept. Jan 84-Mar 85,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
R. DeRosier, and L. R. Waterland. Feb 86, 92p EPA/
600/7-86/004A
Contract EPA-68-02-3188
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report describes results from field testing a water-
tube industrial boiler firing a coal/water slurry (CWS)
containing about 60% coal. Emission measurements
included continuous monitoring of flue gas emissions;
source assessment sampling system (SASS) sampling
of the flue gas, with subsequent analysis of samples to
obtain total flue gas organics in two boiling point
ranges, compound category information within these
ranges, specific quantitation of the semivolatile organ-
ic priority pollutants, and flue gas concentrations of 73
trace elements: EPA Methods 5/8 sampling for partic-
ulate, S02, and S03 emissions; and grab sampling of
fuel and ash for inorganic composition. NOx, S02, CO,
and TUHC emissions were in the 230-310, 880-960,
170-200, and 1-3 ppm ranges (corrected to 3% 02), re-
spectively, over the two tests performed. Particulate
levels at the boiler outlet (upstream of the unit's bagh-
ouse) were 7.3 g/dscm in the comprehensive test.
Coarse particulate (>3 micrometers) predominated.
Total organic emissions were almost 50 mg/dscm,
with about 70% of the organic matter in the nonvolatile
(>300 C) boiling point range. The bottom ash organic
content was 8 mg/g, 80% of which was in the nonvola-
tile range. Of the PAHs, only naphthalene was detect-
ed in the flue gas particulate, with emission levels of
8.6 micrograms/dscm. Several PAHs were found in
the bottom ash.
Keywords: 'Water tube boilers, 'Air pollution control,
Assessments, Chemical analysis, Trace elements,
Sulfur dioxide, Sulfur trioxide, Flue gases, Sampling,
Industrial wastes, Particles, Nitrogen oxides, Carbon
monoxide, Concentration(Composition), 'Coal water
slurries, "Air pollution detection, 'Air pollution sam-
pling, "Environmental impact assessments, EPA
method 5, EPA method 8, Continuous emission moni-
toring systems, SASS train impinger systems.
PB86-159852/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Environmental Assessment of NH3 Injection for
an Industrial Package Boiler. Volume 1. Technical
Results. Final rept. Jan 83-Jan 84,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
C. Castaldini, R. DeRosier, and L. R. Waterland. Feb
86,114pACUREX/TR-83-139/EE, EPA/600/7-86/
005A
Contract EPA-68-02-3188
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lao.
The report discusses emission results from compre-
hensive flue gas sampling of a gas- and oil-fired indus-
trial boiler equipped with Exxon s Thermal DeNOx Am-
monia Injection Process for NOx reduction. Compre-
hensive emission measurements included continuous
monitoring of flue gas emissions; source assessment
sampling system (SASS) tests; EPA Method 5/17 for
solid and condensible particulate emissions and am-
monia emissions; controlled condensation system for
S02 and S03; and N20 emission sampling. Ammonia
injection at a NH3/NO molar ratio of 2.52 gave a NOx
reduction of 41% from an uncontrolled level of 234
ppm to a controlled level of 137 ppm. NH3 emissions
increased from 11 ppm for the baseline to an average
of 430 ppm for ammonia injection. Nitrous oxide, N2u,
was reduced 68% from a 50 ppm baseline level to a 17
ppm controlled level. Total particulate emissions in-
creased by an order of magnitude from a baseline of
17.7 ng/J to a controlled level of 182 ng/J. The in-
crease is in part attributed to formation of ammonia
sulfate and bisulfate from residual ammonia and SOx.
Total organic emissions were at a moderate level and
showed a relative concentration in the nonvolatile cat-
egory. Organic emissions of CO and trace inorganic
elements were not significantly affected by ammonia
injection.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Nitrogen oxides,
"Boilers, Assessments, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Flue gases, Sampling, Chemical analysis, Ni-
trogen oxide(N20), Sulfur dioxide, Sulfur trioxide,
Concentration(Composition), Trace elements, "Envi-
ronmental impact assessments, "Package boilers, "Air
pollution detection, "Air pollution sampling, "Ammonia
injection process, EPA method 5, EPA method 17,
Continuous emission monitoring systems, SASS train
impinger systems.
PB86-159985/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Detection of Norwalk Virus In Stools by Enzyme
Immunoassay. Journal article,
Massachusetts Univ. Medical School, Worcester.
J. E. Herrmann, N. A. Nowak, and N. R. Blacklow.
C1985,9p EPA/600/J-85/279
Pub. in Jnl. of Medical Virology 17, p127-133 1985.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The development of a solid-phase microliter enzyme
immunoassay (EIA) for detection of Norwalk virus anti-
gen in stool samples is described. The EIA was com-
pared with a previously developed radioimmunoassay
(RIA) for detection of Norwalk virus antigen in stools
obtained from 30 volunteers who received Norwalk
virus. The EIA detected viral antigen in stools from 17
of the volunteers and the RIA detected viral antigen in
15. Seroconversion was a more sensitive indicator of
infection in some patients. However, two samples from
volunteers who were clinically ill but did not show sero-
conversion to Norwalk virus were positive for Norwalk
virus antigen by both immunoassays. This indicates
that antigen detection may be important for use in epi-
demiological studies. Neither of the immunoassays
gave positive reactions for stools known to contain en-
teric adenovirus, rotavirus, or Hawaii virus, or in stools
from patients with acute diarrhea o1 unknown cause.
The stability of the EIA reagents and ease of use
should provide a means for more extensive testing for
Norwalk virus in outbreaks of gastroenteritis. (Copy-
right (c) 1985 Alan R. Liss, Inc.)
Keywords: "Viruses, "Radioimmunoassay, Gastroen-
teritis, Detection, Reprints, 'Enzyme immunoassay,
Norwalk virus.
PB86-159993/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Acute Behavioral Toxicity of Sulfolane: Influence
of Hypothermia. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
P. H. Ruppert, and R. S. Dyer. 1985,9p EPA/600/J-
85/278
Pub. in Toxicology Letters 28, p111-116 Nov 85.
Sulfolane is a solvent which produces hypothermia
and decreased oxygen consumption following acute
exposure. In the present experiment, the author inves-
tigated effects of sulfolane on a behavioral measure of
toxicity at ambient temperatures which would either
prevent or facilitate the development of hypothermia.
Adult, male Long Evans rats (N = 10/dose) received a
single i.p. injection of saline, 200, 400 or 800 mg/kg
sulfolane. Motor activity in figure-eight mazes was as-
sessed 1 hr after dosing in testing rooms maintained at
either 20.8 C or at 32.3 C. At the warm ambient tem-
perature, sulfolane produced hypoactivity but not
hypothermia. At the cooler temperature, sulfolane-in-
duced hypoactivity was more pronounced, and rats
were hypothermic. Therefore, a behavioral change
could be detected at sublethal dosages of sulfolane in
the absence of hypothermia.
Keywords: 'Solvents, 'Hypothermia, "Toxicology,
Oxygen consumption. Behavior, Rats, Laboratory ani-
mals, Reprints, "Sulfolane.
PB86-160009/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Pyrolysis-Mass Spectrometry/Pattern Recogni-
tion on a Well-Characterized Suite of Humic Sam-
ples. Journal article,
Colorado School of Mines, Golden.
P. MacCarthy, S. J. DeLuca, K. J. Voorhees, R. L.
Malcolm, and E. M. Thurman. C1985,8p EPA/600/J-
85/277
Pub. in Geochimica et Cosmochimia Acta, v49 n10
p2091-2096 Oct 85. Prepared in cooperation with Ge-
ological Survey, Denver, CO. Sponsored by Health Ef-
fects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A suite of well-characterized humic and fulvic acids of
freshwater, soil and plant origin was subjected to pyrol-
ysis-mass spectrometry and the resulting data were
analyzed by pattern recognition and factor analysis. A
factor analysis plot of the data shows that the humic
acids and fulvic acids can be segregated into two dis-
tinct classes. Carbohydrate and phenolic components
are more pronounced in the pyrolysis products of the
fulvic acids, and saturated and unsaturated hydrocar-
bons contribute more to the humic acid pyrolysis prod-
ucts. A second factor analysis plot shows a separation
which appears to be based primarily on whether the
samples are of aquatic or soil origin.
Keywords: "Humic acids, Mass spectroscopy, Pattern
recognition, Qualitative chemical analysis, Experimen-
tal data, Reprints.
PB86-160017/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Computer-Assisted Electrocardiographic Analysis
System: Methodology and Potential Application to
Cardiovascular Toxicology. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
W. P. Watkinson, M. A. Brice, and K. S. Robinson.
C1985,18p EPA/600/J-85/275
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health
15, n6 p713-727 Nov 85. Prepared in cooperation with
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
An automated analysis of electrocardiographic (ECG)
waveforms, based on a precise one-dimensional anal-
ysis of features within a generalized computer-en-
hanced ECG waveform, has been developed in the
laboratory. ECG signals are monitored, amplified, and
recorded using standard techniques. The recorder
output signal is distributed to a microcomputer system.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Software developed for the microcomputer slows the
signal playback rate and permits operator review of the
slowed signal for arrhythmia analysis. The analysis
program identifies and superimposes 10-40 individual
ECG complexes, depending on the heart rate, and
generates an 'ensembled' waveform. Operator inter-
action permits delineation of specific points on the dis-
played waveform and calculation of heart rate and du-
ration of components within the ECG complex.
Keywords: 'Electrocardiography, "Toxicology, 'Car-
diovascular system, Reprints, Medical computer appli-
cations.
PB86-160025/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Survival Curves and Incidence of Neoplastic and
Non-Neoplastlc Disease in SENCAR Mice. Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. J. Conti, N. Clapp, A. J. P. Klein-Szanto, S. Nesnow,
and T. J. Slaga. c1985,6p EPA/600/J-85/268
Prepared in cooperation with Texas Univ. System
Cancer Center, Houston, and Oak Ridge Associated
Universities, Inc., TN.
The survival curves and the incidence of spontaneous
diseases were studied in a population of SENCAR
mice, a stock derived by a selected breeding protocol
for enhanced susceptibility to chemical carcinogenesis
in the skin. SENCAR mice proved to be as long-lived
as other mouse strains or stocks, including one of their
parental lines, Charles River CD-1. The most frequent-
ly occurring neoplasias in SENCAR mice were lym-
phoma, myeloid leukemia and reticulum cell sarcoma.
Other frequently occurring neoplastic diseases includ-
ed lung adenomas and carcinoma and mammary
gland carcinoma. However, the incidence of these
tumors was not higher than the incidence in CD-1 mice
or other mouse strains or stocks.
Keywords: 'Neoplasms, 'Diseases, 'Laboratory ani-
mals, Incidence, Survival, Mice, Reprints, Carcino-
genesis.
PB86-160041/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of a Bench-Scale Dry Flue Gas Desul-
furization System for Screening Potential Rea-
ents and Operating Conditions,
adian Corp., Austin, TX.
L. A. Rohlack, G. M. Blythe, T. G. Brna, and R. G.
Rhudy. Feb 86, 29p EPA/600/D-86/042
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab., and Electric Power Research Inst.,
Palo Alto, CA.
The paper discusses two series of bench-scale dry flue
gas desulfurization (FGD) laboratory tests, the primary
objective of which was to evaluate the ability of a
bench-scale dry FGD system to screen potential rea-
gents and operating conditions in support of testing at
larger pilot plant or full-scale systems. The first series
consisted of once-through and recycle tests with hy-
drated lime reagent using a laboratory spray dryer/
fabric filter system rated at 0.024 cu m/s. These tests
duplicated conditions in similar tests with the 2.5 MW
spray dryer/fabric filter pilot plant at the EPRI Arapa-
hoe Test Facility. In the second series, the bench-
scale spray dryer/fabric filter system was modified to
permit the dry injection of reagents upstream of the
baghouse. The series was designed to simulate dry
sorbent injection. Several sodium bicarbonate rea-
gents and a calcium-based reagent were tested. Test
results and the feasibility of using the bench-scale
system for screening sorbents and operating condi-
tions are discussed.
Keywords: 'Desulfurization, 'Flue gas, Calcium
oxides, Sodium carbonates, Combustion, Coal, Filtra-
tion Fabrics, 'Pollution control, Stationary sources.
PB86-160272/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Sorbents and Additives for Dry S02
(Sulfur Dioxide) Removal. Rept. for ,SeP 84"De.c ,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC. Southeast
Regional Office.
540 Vol. 90, No. 24
C. Jorgensen, J. C. S. Chang, and T. G. Brna. Jan 86,
28p EPA/600/D-86/025
Contract EPA-68-02-3988
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper gives results of bench-scale reactivity stud-
ies of alkaline sorbents, performed in an integrated
fixed-bed reactor, simulating the fabric filter dust layer
of dry flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems. Relative
humidity significantly affected S02 absorption by lime
and limestone plus additives such as CaC12,
Ca(N03)2, and NaN03, but had less impact on
NaHC03 reactivity. Different reaction patterns of vari-
ous sorbents were observed. Results are discussed
relating to sorbent screening for dry FGD systems.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Sulfur di-
oxide, "Sorbents, Additives, Humidity, Calcium oxides,
Limestone, Flue gases, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Chemical reactions, Alkalinity, "Dry meth-
ods, Alkaline scrubbing. Fabric filters, Flue gas desul-
furization systems.
PB86-160280/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Feasibility of Using Radioactive Sulfur In Long-
Range Transport Experiments. Final rept. Oct 83-
Oct 84,
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NV.
P. Michael. Jan 86,23p EPA/600/3-86/010
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
The radioactive isotope Sulfur-35 is an ideal tracer of
sulfur emissions from anthropogenic sources because
it would undergo the same chemical transformations in
the atmosphere as the more common isotopes of
sulfur, and further it has a very low natural background
concentration. A conceptual experiment using a
simple transport model shows that for continual re-
leases over a year and requiring detection at 1000 km,
a source strength of about 180 curies per week is nec-
essary. Calculations using a wind rose Gaussian plume
model indicated that the air concentrations near the re-
lease point would be below Federal minimum values
set for protection of the public safety. Production of the
isotope is within existing technology although material
costs could run as high as one million dollars for a full
years release. Sampling and detection methods would
require state-of-the-art technology with an investment
of about one half the material costs. The general con-
clusion is that such a tracer experiment is technically
feasible. Public perception was not considered in the
study and a major effort of public education would be
necessary before such an experiment could be carried
out. An analysis of the possibility of using the stable
isotopes Sulfur-34 and Sulfur-36 would require the de-
velopment of new very expensive and specialized
technology. Thus the use of stable isotopes was not
considered to be feasible at the present time.
Keywords: 'Transport properties, 'Sulfur isotopes,
"Air pollution, Feasibility, Concentration(Composition),
Cost analysis, Sources, Experimental design, Technol-
ogy, 'Tracer studies, Gaussian plume models, State of
the art, Natural emissions, Acid rain, Sulfur 35.
PB86-160298/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Influence of Microbial Adaptation on the Fate of
Organic Pollutants In Ground Water. Journal arti-
cle.
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
J. T. Wilson, J. F. McNabb, J. W. Cochran, T. H. Wang,
and M. B. Tomson. C1985, 8p EPA/600/D-86/023
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v4
p721-726 1985. Prepared in cooperation with Rice
Univ., Houston, TX. Dept. of Environmental Science
and Engineering.
A plume of contaminated groundwater originating from
an abandoned disposal pit for wood-creosoting waste
was characterized. The important organic contami-
nants in the plume include naphthalene, 1-methyl-
naphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, dibenzofuran and
fluorene at individual concentrations of 1,000 to 100
micrograms/l. Core material from the site was studied
to determine if organisms in the subsurface could
adapt to the waste and if biological activity influenced
the disposition of the plume. Biodegradation of these
organic pollutants in subsurface material from the
margin of the plume was rapid. No biodegradation of
the pollutants was detected in pristine subsurface ma-
terial from the same geological structure.
Keywords: 'Creosote, 'Ground water, 'Water pollu-
tion, Waste disposal, Biodeterioration, Microorga-
nisms, Plumes, Cycloalkane hydrocarbons, Furans,
Fluorenes, Dilution, Absorption, Oxygen, Dissolved
gases, Reprints, Furan/dibenzo.
PB86-160322/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Rotating Biological Contractors - Hydraulic
Versus Organic Loading. Final rept. Aug 80-Oct 84,
Columbus City Utilities, IN.
M. L. Lambert, G. S. Pugh, L. D. Good, J. S. Zogorski,
and W. F. Echelberger. Jan 86,129p EPA/600/2-86/
018
Prepared in cooperation with Indiana Univ. at Bloom-
ington. School of Public and Environmental Affairs,
and SIECO, Inc., Columbus, IN. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engi-
neering Research Lab.
Conventional and alternative flow configurations of ro-
tating biological contractors were compared for solu-
ble organic carbon and ammonia-nitrogen removal.
Each treatment train contained eight shafts with a cu-
mulative surface area of 800,000 ft sq. The hydraulic
bay used the conventional flow configuration with eight
single-shaft stages. The organic bay was modified so
that the first stage contained four shafts, the second
stage contained two shafts, and the third and fourth
stages each contained one shaft. The flowrate was
varied from 50% to 200% of design flow, with the two
bays operating in parallel below 150% of design flow.
After treatment by 400,000 ft sq of surface area, the
hydraulic bay had soluble cBOD concentrations that
were lower than those in the organic bay in the parallel
flow experiments.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, Removal, Nitrogen in-
organic compounds, Ammonia, Hydraulics, Flow rate,
Concentration(Composition), Biochemical oxygen
demand, Statistical analysis, Graphs(Charts), 'Rotat-
ing disc process, Contractors, Organic loading, Design
flow.
PB86-160496/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Additional Mini-Canister Evaluation. Final rept.
Mar-Aug 85,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
L. R. Smith. Dec 85,77p EPA/460/3-85/010
Contract EPA-68-03-3162
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Ann
Arbor, Ml. Emission Control Technology Div.
The program involved the continuation of testing on
charcoal mini-canisters that were developed and previ-
ously tested in Work Assignment 12 of the Contract.
The results of the previous study are reported in EPA
Report No. 460/3-84-014. In the study, additional test-
ing was conducted both on mini-canisters previously
exposed to a hydrocarbon-only blend, and on mini-
canisters previously exposed to a hydrocarbon-metha-
nol blend. Switching of exposure blends (between the
hydrocarbon-only and the hydrocarbon-methanol
blend) on the same set of mini-canisters was also un-
dertaken to determine if any of the effects of the previ-
ous blend exposure were reversible. Breakthrough
times, working capacities and canister weight gains
were monitored for each of the mini-canisters during
all testing. Laboratory humidity, temperature, and bar-
ometric pressure were also monitored to determine
the effect of these parameters on mini-canister work-
ing capacity and weight gain. Hydrocarbon and metha-
nol speciation were conducted on the vapors purged
from eight of the canisters (four from the hydrocarbon-
method blend exposures and four from the hydrocar-
bon-only blend exposures).
Keywords: "Respirators, Life support, Methanol, Char-
coal, Hydrocarbons, Humidity, Temperature, 'Canis-
ters.
PB86-161254/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chemical Processing Plants, Summary Report for
Technical Support in Development of a Revised
Ozone State Implementation Plan for Memphis,
Tennessee. Final rept.
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Durham, NC.
Jun 85,122p
Contract EPA-68-02-3887
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, At-
lanta, GA. Region IV.
The document presents information on emissions of
volatile organic compounds (VOC) from chemical
processing facilities in Shelby County, Tennessee. In-
formation is presented on the industry, emissions from
chemical processing plants, emission control tech-
niques, and the costs of reducing emissions. Sources
of information include trip reports prepared following
plant inspections, discussion with plant representa-
tives, documents prepared by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, technical literature, and informa-
tion submitted by the plants for the Shelby County
1985 VOC Emissions Inventory. The control measures
described in the document represent the presumptive
norm or reasonably available control technology
(RACT) that can be applied to existing chemical proc-
essing plants.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Organic com-
pounds, Standards, Guidelines, Industrial waste treat-
ment, Emissions, Tennessee, 'Point sources,
Memphis(T ennessee).
PB86-161304/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Economic Evaluation of Oil Agglomeration for Re-
covery of Fine Coal Refuse. Final rept. Jan 82-Feb
85,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Div. of
Energy Demonstrations and Technology.
L. Larkin, and J. D. Maxwell. Aug 85, 71 p EPA/600/7-
85/032
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of an evaluation of the eco-
nomics of an oil-agglomeration process (with and with-
out an oil recovery system) for recovering coal fines
from a fine refuse stream of 105 ton/hr from a coal
preparation plant. The two base case processes stud-
ied are oil-agglomeration processes: in one, heptane is
used and recovered: and in the other, fuel oil is used
and blended with the product. The economics for both
processes were estimated with and without a pond
credit (savings in coal preparation plant investment re-
sulting from the smaller waste disposal pond needed
for the oil-agglomeration process).
Keywords: 'Economic analysis, "Coal preparation,
•Agglomeration, 'Coal dust, * Air pollution control.
Fines, Capitalized costs. Fuel oil, Heptanes, Solid
waste disposal, Operating costs, Air pollution abate-
ment, Stationary sources.
PB86-161361/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Protocol for the Analysis of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodi-
benzo-p-Dloxin by High-Resolution Gas Chroma-
tography/Hlgh-Resolutlon Mass Spectrometry,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
J. S. Stanley, and T. M. Sack. Jan 86,156p* EPA/600/
4-86/004
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
An analytical protocol for the determination of 2,3,7,8-
tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and total TCDDs
in soil, sediment and aqueous samples using high-res-
olution gas chromatography/high-resoiution mass
spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) was developed using
the best features of several candidate methods and
input from experts in the field. Preliminary tests led to
refinements of the chromatographic cleanup proce-
dures and corresponding changes in the protocol. A
final single-laboratory evaluation of the refined proto-
col, consisting of triplicate analyses of five solid and
five aqueous samples showed that the method is
useful for the determination of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and total
TCDDs at concentrations from 10 to 200 pg/g (ppt) in
soils and 100 to 2,000 pg/L (ppq) in aqueous samples.
Based on the data generated and on the evaluation of
several options, parts of the protocol were modified at
the EMSL-LV to lower the quantitation limit for TCDD
to 2 ppt in soii/sediments and to 20 ppq in aqueous
samples.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Herbicides, Soils, Water,
Sediments, Gas chromatography, Mass spectrometry,
Chlorine organic compounds, "Dioxin(Herbicide),
Acetic acid/dichlorophenoxy, Orange herbicide.
PB86-161452/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Metal Molding
and Casting (Foundries). Point Source Category.
Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Industrial Technology Div.
D. Anderson. Oct 85,644p EPA/440/1-85/070
The Development Document describes the technical
basis for final regulations (see the Federal Register for
October 30, 1985, at 50FR v 45212) that establish ef-
fluent limitations guidelines and standards that limit the
discharge of pollutants into navigable waters and pub-
licly owned treatment works (POTWs) by existing and
new sources engaged in metal molding and casting
operations. The Development Document sets forth the
effluent limitations guidelines achievable by the best
practicable control technology currently available
(BPT), the best available technology economically
achievable (BAT), new source performance standards
(NSPS) attainable by the best available demonstrated
technology, and pretreatment standards applicable to
existing and new discharges to POTWs (PSES and
PSNS, respectively).
Keywords: "Effluents, "Foundries, "Metal industry. In-
dustrial waste treatment, Guidelines, Water pollution
control, Water pollution standards.
PB86-161460/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Sheet-Fed Paperboard Coating Technical Infor-
mation Document for Technical Support in Devel-
opment of a Revised Ozone State Implementation
Plan for Memphis, Tennessee. Final rept.
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Durham, NC.
Dec 85,108p
Contract EPA-68-02-3887
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, At-
lanta, GA. Region IV.
The document presents information on emissions of
volatile organic compounds (VOC) from sheet-fed pa-
perboard coating facilities. At present there is no con-
trol techniques guideline (CTG) document for the spe-
cific process. However, the CTG for VOC emissions
from paper coating (EPA-450/2-77-008), which ad-
dresses web coating (continuous roll), is considered
applicable to a sheet-fed operation. The primary differ-
ences may be in the method of feeding the paper prod-
uct to the process line, the application of coating mate-
rial, and removing the product from the process line.
Much of the information on plant processes, descrip-
tion, emissions, etc., from the sole paperboard coating
facility in Shelby in Shelby County is confidential
Therefore, information is presented on the general in-
dustry, emissions from paperboard coating facilities,
general emission control techniques, and the costs of
reducing emissions.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Paperboards, Or-
ganic compounds, Standards, Guidelines, Industrial
waste treatment, Emissions, Costs, Tennessee, "Point
sources, Memphis(Tennessee).
PB86-161759/HSU	PC E10/MF E10
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Baseline Estimates and Time Trends for Beta-
Benzene Hexachlorlde, Hexachlorobenzene, and
Polychlorinated Biphenyls In Human Adipose
Tissue 1970-1983. Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Div., OH.
G. A. Mack, and L. Mohadjer. 30 Sep 85,130p*
NHATS-SS-01, EPA/560/5-85/025
Contract EPA-68-01 -6721
Prepared in cooperation with Westat, Inc., Rockville,
MD. Research Div. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Pesticides
and Toxic Substances.
The National Human Adipose Tissue Survey (NHATS)
is an on-going annual program to collect and chemical-
ly analyze adipose tissue specimens from a represent-
ative national sample of autopsied cadavers and surgi-
cal patients. The objective of the program is to esti-
mate baseline levels and time trends for the presence
of toxic chemicals in the adipose tissue of the U.S.
population. This report presents the results of a statis-
tical analysis conducted on three specific chemicals:
Beta-benzene hexachloride (beta-BHC), hexachloro-
benzene (HCB), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
The results are based on NHATS data collected be-
tween 1970 and 1983. The results include baseline es-
timates of the percentages of the population having
detectable levels of these compounds in their adipose
tissue as well as estimates of the mean and median
levels. Estimates are given separately for various de-
mographic groups and geographic regions of the coun-
try as well as national estimates. Results of the analy-
sis indicate that nearly 100 percent of the population
have detectable levels of these compounds in their
adipose tissue. However, the actual levels of these
compounds are either decreasing or remaining nearly
constant.
Keywords: Surveys, Humans, Public health,
Tissues(Biology), Chlorine organic compounds,
Trends, Baseline data, Toxic substances, "Adipose
tissue, "Polychlorinated biphenyls, "Benzene/hexach-
loro, "Hexachloride/beta-benzene.
PB86-161767/HSU	PC E10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Economic Impact Analysis of Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Pesticide
Chemicals Industry. Final rept.
Meta Systems, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Sep 85,161 p* EPA/440/2-85/027
Contract EPA-68-01-6774
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Water Regulations and
Standards.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency issued final
BAT/PSES/NSPS/PSNS effluent guidelines and
standards for the pesticide chemicals industry in Sep-
tember 1985. This report estimates the economic
impact of water pollution control expenditures in terms
of price and profitability changes, effects on plant and
line closures, employment effects and other second-
ary effects. A net present value methodology was de-
veloped to estimate the economic impact of these reg-
ulations on the pesticide active ingredient manufactur-
ers, metailo-organic manufacturers and the pesticide
formulator/packagers subcategories.
Keywords: "Economic impact, "Pesticide chemical in-
dustry, Guidelines, Standards, Assessments, Cost es-
timates, "Water pollution economics.
PB88-161874/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
Radon Flux Measurements on Gardlnler and
Royster Phosphogypsum Plies near Tampa and
Mulberry, Florida,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
J. N. Hartley, and H. D. Freeman. Sep 85,62p EPA/
520/5-85/029
Sponsored by Eastern Environmental Radiation Facili-
ty, Montgomery, AL., and Department of Energy,
Washington, DC.
As part of the planned Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) radon flux monitoring program for the
Florida phosphogypsum piles, Pacific Northwest Labo-
ratory (PNL), under contract to the EPA, constructed
50 large-area passive radon collection devices and
demonstrated their use at two phosphogypsum piles
near Tampa and Mulberry, Florida. The passive de-
vices were also compared to the PNL large-area flow-
through system. The main objectives of the field tests
were to demonstrate the use of the large-area passive
radon collection devices to EPA and PEI personnel
and to determine the number of radon flux measure-
ment locations needed to estimate the average radon
flux from a phosphogypsum pile. The report presents
the results of the field test, provides recommendations
for long-term monitoring, and includes a procedure for
making the radon flux measurements.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Coverings, Tailings, Soils, Measurement,
Tampa(Florida), Mulberry(Florida), "Uranium mills, Mill
tailings, Radon 222, "Radiation flux, Radioactive
waste disposal.
PB86-161924/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Summary of Annual Reports on Hazardous Waste
for 1982, 1983, and 1984. Generation, Treatment,
Storage and Disposal.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Land Pollution Control.
Sep 85, 62p IEPA/LPC-85/010
The annual report requirement became effective in
1983 (i.e., reports were due March 1, 1983 describing
hazardous waste management activities during 1982).
It has been an important development in the State's
hazardous waste regulatory program, in that the re-
ports provide much-needed information about the
quantities and kinds of wastes handled in Illinois. The
1982 annual report data, together with the I EPA sup-
plemental permit and manifest systems, provided the
first reliable means of identifying and cross-checking
the sources and methods of handling hazardous
wastes in Illinois. The 1983 and 1984 annual report in-
formation is a further improvement on the data regard-
ing hazardous wastes in Illinois.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Waste disposal,
Sites, Illinois, Storage, Disposal, Regulations, Report-
ing, Superfund program.
PB86-161932/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Illinois Water Quality: Summary of Comparative
Survey.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
Mar 85, 25p IEPA/WPC/85-004
A comprehensive survey by Illinois Environmental Pro-
tection Agency Division of Water Pollution Control on
the quality of the state's waters focused on the relative
condition of rivers, streams and lakes in 1982 versus
1972. The review highlighted the changes which oc-
curred within that decade and are summarized in the
report. The survey indicates water pollution control
management programs achieved general statewide
improvement in the quality of our waters.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Illinois, Surveys,
Management, Project planning, Rivers, Lakes,
Streams, Evaluation, Improvement, Erosion control,
Land use.
PB86-162005/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Dloxin Analysis of Philadelphia Northwest Inciner-
ator. Summary Report. Volume 1,
Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, PA.
Region III.
I. Milner. Jan 86,20p
See also PB86-162013.
A study was conducted by US EPA Region 3 to deter-
mine the dioxin-related impact of the Philadelphia
Northwest Incinerator on public health. Specifically, it
was designed to assess quantitatively the risks to
public health resulting from emissions into the ambient
air of dioxins as well as the potential effect of deposi-
tion of dioxins on the soil in the vicinity of the incinera-
tor. Volume 1 is an executive summary of the study
findings. Volume 2 contains contractor reports, labora-
tory analysis results and other documentation.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Air pollution, "In-
cinerators, Public health, Risk, "Dioxin(Herbicides),
"Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Dibenzo-
dioxin/tetrachloro, Dibenzofuran/tetrachloro, Health
risks.
PB86-162013/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, PA.
Region III.
Dloxin Analysis of Philadelphia Northwest Inciner-
ator. Summary Report. Volume 2. Appendices A -
F. Technical rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
R NeuliCht. 31 Oct 85, 227p
Contract EPA-68-02-3891
See also PB86-162005. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Philadelphia, PA. Region III.
A study was conducted by US EPA Region 3 to deter-
mine the dioxin-related impact of the Philadelphia
Northwest Incinerator on public health. Specifically, it
was designed to assess quantitatively the risks to
public health resulting from emissions into the ambient
air of dioxins as well as the potential effect of deposi-
tion of dioxins on the soil in the vicinity of the incinera-
tor. Volume 1 is an executive summary of the study
findings. Volume 2 contains contractor reports, labora-
tory analysis results and other documentation.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Air pollution, "In-
cinerators, Public health, Risk, "Dioxin(Herbicides),
"Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Dibenzo-
dioxin/tetrachloro, Dibenzofuran/tetrachloro, Health
risks.
PB86-162104/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Leachate Collection and Gas Migration and Emis-
sion Problems at Landfills and Surface Impound-
ments. Final rept. Sep 83-Mar 85,
Multidisciplinary Energy and Environmental Systems
and Applications, San Pedro, CA.
M. Ghassemi, K. Crawford, and M. Haro. Jan 86, 207p
EPA/600/2-86/017
Contract EPA-68-03-1828
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Clogging of leachate systems and gas migration and
emission problems were evaluated at hazardous
waste landfills and surface impoundments. Collective
and preventive measures were identified along with re-
search and development needs. The analysis used lit-
erature and information obtained by interviews with ex-
perts at 16 design firms, state regulatory agencies, and
public organizations. Problems related to leachate col-
lection systems and gas emissions can best be ad-
dressed through preventive measures involving
design, construction, and operation practices.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Earth fills, "Air pol-
lution control, Gases, Regulations, Plugging, Collect-
ing methods, State government, Design criteria, Re-
covery, Linings, Vents, Organic compounds, Toxicity,
Construction, Operations, Leachates.
PB86-162195/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Water Quality Assessment: A Screening Proce-
dure for Toxic and Conventional Pollutants In Sur-
face and Ground Water. Part 3 (Revised 1985).
Final rept.,
Tetra Tech, Inc., Lafayette, CA.
W. B. Mills, D. B. Porcella, M. J. Ungs, S. A. Gherini,
and K. V. Summers. Sep 85,185p EPA/600/6-85/
002C
Contract EPA-68-03-3131
See also PB86-122504. Sponsored by Environmental
Research Lab., Athens, GA.
New technical developments in the field of water qual-
ity assessment and a re-ordering of water quality prior-
ities prompted a revision of the first two editions of this
manual. The utility of the revised manual is enhanced
by the inclusion of methods to predict the transport
and fate of toxic chemicals in ground water and to pre-
dict the fate of metals in rivers. In addition, major revi-
sions are completed on Chapters 2, (organic toxi-
cants), 3 (waste loadings), 5 (impoundments) that re-
flect recent advancements in these fields. Applying the
manuals's simple techniques, the user is now capable
of assessing the loading and fate of conventional pol-
lutants (temperature, biochemical oxygen demand-dis-
solved oxygen, nutrients, and sediments) and toxic
pollutants (from the list of U.S. EPA priority pollutants)
in streams, impoundments, estuaries, and ground
waters. The techniques are readily programmed on
hand-held calculators or microcomputers.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Hazardous materi-
als, "Toxicity, "Water pollution, Manuals, Rivers,
Ground water, Mathematical models, Temperature,
Biochemical oxygen demand, Nutrients, Oxygen, Dis-
solved gases, Rivers, Metals, Sediment transport, Es-
tuarines, "Path of pollutants, Organic loading.
PB86-162237/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Induction of Mutations by Chemical Agents at the
Hypoxanthlne-Guanine Phosphorlbosyl Transfer-
ase Locus in Human Epithelial Teratoma Cells.
Journal article,
Argonne National Lab., IL.
E. Huberman, C. K. McKeown, C. A. Jones, D. R.
Hoffman, and S. Murao. C1984,13p EPA/600/J-84/
357
Pub. in Mutation Research 130, p127-137 1984. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Oak Ridge National Lab.,
TN. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Induction of 6-thioguanine (TG) resistance by chemical
mutagens was examined in a line of cells derived from
a human epithelial teratocarcinoma cell clone. The
cells, designated as P3 cells, have a stable diploid kar-
yotype with 46(XX) chromosomes, including a translo-
cation between chromosomes 15 and 20. Efficient re-
covery of TG-resistant mutants induced by the direct-
acting mutagens: N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguani-
dine	(MNNG);	7beta,8alpha-dihydroxy-
9alpha, 10alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-
tetrahydrobenzo(alpha)pyrene (BPDE); and
benzo(alpha)pyrene (B(alpha)P); activated in a cell-
mediated assay, required an expression time of 7 days
and a saturation density of 2X10 to the fourth power
cells/60-mm petri dish. The TG-resistant mutant cells
induced by MNNG and BPDE maintained their resist-
ant phenotype 4-6 weeks after isolation. This mutant
phenotype was associated with a morre than 10-fold
reduction in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl
transferase (HGPRT) activity relative to that of the pa-
rental P3 cell line, which was shown to catalyze the
formation of 4.6 pmoles inosine-5'-monophosphate
(IMP)/min/micrograms protein. Induction of TG resist-
ance was also observed in P3 cells cocultivated in a
cell-mediated assay with human breast carcinoma
cells. Which are capable of polycyclic aromatic hydro-
carbon (PAH) metabolism.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Humans, Cells(Biology), Chro-
mosomes, Reprints, "Mutagens, Thioguanine, Cell
lines.
PB86-162245/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Factors Affecting Stream Transport of Combined
Sewer Overflow Sediments. Journal article,
Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT.
S. L. Klemetson. C1985,10p EPA/600/J-85/263
Grant EPA-R-806111
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
v57 n5 p390-397 May 85. Sponsored by Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineer-
ing Research Lab.
Combined sewer overflow (CSO) sediments are com-
posed of wastewater and surface runoff, typically from
urbanized areas. The relative amounts of these two
types of flows will depend on a variety of factors such
as the intensity of rainfall and the time of day and year.
Because the characteristics of wastewater and urban
runoff are quite different, it should be expected that
characteristics of CSO's for any particular area would
fluctuate markedly. The approach taken here was to
characterize wastewater and urban runoff individually
and then to extrapolate these characteristics to obtain
CSO characteristics of importance to the physical
transport of CSO solids.
Keywords: "Sediment transport, "Combined sewers,
"Runoff, "Urban areas, "Water pollution, Overflows]
Solids, Rainfall, Waste water, Flow rate,
Concentration(Composition), Particle size, Correlation,
Tables(Data), Streets, Urban hydrology.
PB86-162252/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Occupational Styrene Exposure for Twelve Prod-
uct Categories in the Relnforced-Plastics Indus-
try. Journal article,
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Dept. of Environmental Health.
G. K. Lemasters, A. Carson, and S. J. Samuels. C1985
10p EPA/600/J-85/325
Grant EPA-R-806669
Pub. in American Industrial Hygiene Association 46, n8
P434-441 Aug 85. Prepared in cooperation with Cali-
fornia Univ., Davis. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Approximately 1500 occupational styrene exposure
values from 28 reinforced-plastic manufacturers were
collected retrospectively from companies and state
and federal agencies. The report describes the major
types of manufacturing processes within the rein-
forced-plastics industry and reports on the availability,
collection and analysis of historical exposure informa-
tion. Average exposure to styrene in most open-mold
companies (24-82 ppm) was generally 2-3 times the
exposure in press-mold companies (11-26 ppm). Man-
ufacturers of smaller boats had mean styrene expo-
sures of 82 ppm as compared to 37 ppm for yacht
companies. There was considerable overlap in styrene
exposure among job titles classified as directly ex-
posed within open- and press-mold processing.
Keywords: "Styrene, "Toxicology, 'Reinforced plas-
tics, Mold processing, Exposure, Reprints, 'Occupa-
tional safety and health.
PB86-182286/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Respiratory Responses of Vigorously Exercising
Children to 0.12 ppm Ozone Exposure. Journal arti-
cle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Clinical Research Branch.
W. F. McDonnell, R. S. Chapman, M. W. Leigh, G. L.
Strope, and A. M. Collier. 1985, 7p EPA/600/J-85/282
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill. Dept. of Pediatrics.
Pub. in American Review of Respiratory Diseases 132,
p875-879, 4 Oct 85.
Changes in respiratory function have been suggested
for children exposed to less than 0.12 ppm ozone (03)
while engaged in normal activities. Because the results
of these studies have been confounded by other varia-
bles such as temperature or the presence of other pol-
lutants or have been questioned as to the adequacy of
exposure measurements, the authors determined the
acute response of children exposed to 0.12 ppm 03 in
a controlled chamber environment. Twenty-three white
males ages 8-11 years were exposed once to clean air
and once to 0.12 ppm 03 in random order. Exposures
were for 2.5 hours and included 2 hours of intermittent
heavy exercise. Measures of FEV1 and the symptom
cough were determined prior to and after each expo-
sure. A significant decline in FEV1 was found after the
03 exposure compared to the air exposure and ap-
peared to persist for 16-20 hours.
Keywords: "Exercise(Physiology), "Ozone, "Toxicol-
ogy, Children, Exposure, Reprints, "Air pollution
effects(Humans), Lung function tests.
PB86-162294/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Enzyme Immunoassay with Monoclonal Anti-
bodies (or the Detection of Rotavirus In Stool
Specimens. Journal article,
Massachusetts Univ. Medical School, Worcester.
J. E. Herrmann, N. R. Blacklow, D. M. Perron, G.
Cukor, and P.J. Krause. C1985, 5p EPA/600/J-85/
280
Grant EPA-R-810803
Pub. in Jnl. of Infectious Diseases, v152 n4 p830-832
Oct 85. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Rotavirus infections are generally recognized as a
major problem in young children; however, they have
also been associated with severe gastroenteritis in
adults and neonates. Infections in neonates are usual-
ly asymptomatic, although the incidence of infection
may be high. Adult infections also are often inapparent
or mild, and thus, adults may be a reservoir of infection
in pediatric wards. Diagnosis of infection is now rou-
tinely performed by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in
preference to the more cumbersome electron micros-
copy (EM). A commercial polyclonal EIA test, Rota-
zyme (Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, III ), has
been widely used for this purpose. The efficacy of this
assay in adults has not been described, and reports of
false-positive reactions in samples from neonates
have resulted in recommendations that Rotazyme not
be used with neonatal stool specimens. False-positive
results in neonates have also been reported for other
rotaviral EIA tests based on polyclonal sera.
Keywords: "Antibodies, "Viruses, "Diagnosis, Viral dis-
eases, Feces, Humans, Reprints, "Enzyme immunoas-
say.
PB86-162302/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.
Geographic Variation in Declining Ischemic Heart
Disease Mortality In the United States, 1968-1978.
Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Public
Health.
W. B. Davis, C. G. Hayes, M. Knowles, W. B. Riggan,
and J. van Bruggen. 1985,18p EPA/600/J-85/305
Grant EPA-R-811550
Pub. in American Jnl. of Epidemiology, v122 n4 p657-
672 Oct 85. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Despite the well-known geographic pattern for ische-
mic heart disease (IHD) mortality, studies of the de-
cline in IHD have not provided a comprehensive exam-
ination of its spatial component. In the study, the au-
thors computed and mapped mean rates and percent
change in IHD mortality for whites, ages 35-74, during
the eighth revision (1968-1978) of the International
Classification of Diseases (ICD). Visual evidence of
clustering and markedly different spatial patterns were
found for mean rate and percent change among the
State Economic Areas (SEA) of the U.S. Spatial pat-
terns of change varied by gender.
Keywords: "Coronary artery disease, "Mortality,
"Heart disease, United States, Reprints, Health statis-
tics, Geographic variation.
PB86-162310/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Yohimbine Attenuates the Delayed Lethality In-
duced in Mice by Amitraz, a Formamldlne Pesti-
cide. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
V. C. Moser, and R. C. MacPhail. 1985,8p EPA/600/J-
85/306
Pub. in Toxicology Letters 28, n2/3 p99-104 Nov 85.
The authors have found that a single dose of amitraz, a
formamidine pesticide, produces death in mice which
begins about two days after dosing and continues for
up to 5 more days. To further examine the phenome-
non, adult albino mice of both sexes were treated with
either yohimbine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) or deionized water (6
ml/kg, i.p.), immediately before an injection of amitraz
(600 mg/kg, i.p.) and twice daily thereafter for eight
days. Male mice treated with water were more suscep-
tible than water-treated females to the lethal effects of
amitraz. In addition, yohimbine treatment significantly
decreased the number of deaths in both sexes. These
data suggest that an 2-adrenergic mechanism is in-
volved in the delayed lethality produced by amitraz.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Lethal dosage, Mice. Labora-
tory animals, Reprints. "Yohimbine, "Amitraz.
PB86-162328/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Rat Liver Subcellular Fractions Catalyze Aerobic
Binding of 1-Nitro((sup 14)C)Pyrene to DNA
(Deoxyribonucleic Acids). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. M. Ball, and J. Lewtas. 1985,6p EPA/600/J-85/302
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives 62, p193-
196 Oct 85.
The recently characterized environmental mutagen
and potential carcinogen 1-nitropyrene (NP) is known
to bind to DNA in Salmonella typhimurium, and also in
anaerobic incubations catalysed by purified xanthine
oxidase. In the study the authors show that rat liver S9
supernatant, microsomal and cytosolic subcellular
fractions are also able to catalyse the binding of 1-ni-
tropyrene labelled with 14C to calf thymus DNA in
vitro. In incubations conducted under air, S9 and mi-
crosomes from Charles River CD rats were the most
active fractions, and NADPH was required for maxi-
mum activity (25-100 pmol NP bound/mg DNA/mg
protein in 1 hour). S9 and microsomes had about one-
fourth the activity under nitrogen, although less of the
activity was NADPH-dependent. Binding in cytosolic
incubations was generally low (1 to 5 pmol NP/mg
DNA/mg protein in 1 hour), was somewhat enhanced
under N2, and was more extensive in the absence of
NADPH. Treatment of rats (Harlan Sprague Dawley)
with the inducing agents phenobarbital (PB), Aroclor
1254 (A) or 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) enhanced
NADPH-dependent binding in aerobic S9 (2 to 5-fold)
and microsomal (10 to 20-fold) incubations.
Keywords: "Deoxyribonucleic acids, Liver, Rats, Labo-
ratory animals, Binding, Reprints, "Nitropyrene.
PB86-162336/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Nitropyrene: DNA Binding and Adduct Formation
in Respiratory Tissues. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. A. Jackson, L. C. King, L. M. Ball, S.
Ghayourmanesh, and A. M. Jeffrey. 1985,7p EPA/
600/J-85/301
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Health
Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park,
NC., North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Envi-
ronmental Sciences and Engineering, and Columbia
Univ. Health Science Center, New York.
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v62 p203-
207 Oct 85.
Binding of 1-nitro(14C)pyrene (NP) or its metabolites
to cellular DNA and protein in cultures of rabbit alveo-
lar macrophages, lung tissue and tracheal tissue was
examined. DNA binding in tracheal tissue (136 + or -
18.3 pmol NP/mg DNA) was four to five times the
levels measured in either lung tissue (38 + or - 9.4
pmol NP/mg DNA) or macrophages (26 + or - 7.5-
pmol NP/mg DNA). Adduct analysis of DNA isolated
from lung tissue incubated with 3H-1-nitropyrene in
vitro resulted in the identification of 2-5% of the NP ad-
ducts as C8-deoxyguanosine 1-aminopyrene. NP was
also bound to cellular protein in tracheal tissue and
lung tissue, and at a lower level in macrophages. Co-
cultivation of the macrophages with lung and tracheal
tissue decreased the DNA binding in tracheal tissue by
45%. Following intratracheal instillation of diesel parti-
cles (5 mg) vapor-coated with 14C-NP (380 ppm,
0.085 microCi/mg) particles into rats, 5 to 8% of the
radioactivity remained in the lungs after 20 hours. Most
of the diesel particles were also deposited in the lung.
Examination of DNA and protein binding in this tissue
showed 5-12% of the pulmonary 14C bound to protein
and no detectable levels of 14C bound to DNA.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Deoxyribonucleic acids,
Tissues(Biology), Binding, Lung, Reprints, "Nitropyr-
ene, Metabolites.
PB86-162344/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Determinants of Molecular Reactivity as Criteria
for Predicting Toxicity: Problems and Approach-
es. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
H. Weinstein, J. Rabinowitz, M. N. Liebman, and R.
Osman. c1985,18p EPA/600/J-85/300
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v61 p147-
162 Sep 85. Prepared in cooperation with Mount Sinai
School of Medicine, New York.
The authors discuss the physicochemical basis for
mechanisms of action of toxic chemicals and theoreti-
cal methods that can be used to understand the rela-
tion to the structure of these chemicals. Molecular
properties that determine the chemical reactivity of the
compounds are proposed as parameters in the analy-
sis of such structure-activity relationships and as crite-
ria for predicting potential toxicity. The theoretical ap-
proaches include quantiative methods for structural
superposition of molecules and for superposition of
their reactivity characteristics. Applications to poly-
chlorinated hydrocarbons are used to illustrate both
rigid superposition methods, and methods that take
advantage of structural flexibility. These approaches
and their results are discussed and compared with
methods that afford quantitative structural compari-
sons without direct superposition, with special empha-
sis on the need for efficient automated methods suita-
ble for rapid scans of large structural data bases.
Quantum mechanical methods for the calculation of
molecular properties that can serve as reactivity crite-
ria are presented and illustrated. Special attention is
given to the electrostatic properties of the molecules
such as the molecular electrostatic potential, the elec-
tric fields, and the polarizability terms calculated from
perturbation expansions.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Predictions, Physiochemistry,
Reprints, "Molecular reactivity.
PB86-162351/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Early Biochemical Detection ot Adverse Effects
of a Neurobehavioral Teratogen: Influence of Pre-
natal Methylmercury Exposure on Ornithine De-
carboxylase in Brain and Other Tissues of Fetal
and Neonatal Rat. Journal article,
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC.
T. A. Slotkin, S. Pachman, R. J. Kavlock, and J.
Bartolome. C1985,10p EPA/600/J-85/313
Grant EPA-R-811621
Pub. in Teratology 32, n2 p195-202 Oct 85. Sponsored
by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), an enzymatic regula-
tor of macromolecule synthesis, has proven useful as
a biochemical marker for teratologic events. Daily ad-
ministration of methylmercury (0.5 or 1 mg/kg s.c.) to
pregnant rats during the second and third trimesters
had a profound effect on ODC in whole fetus which
was detectable as early as 13 days of gestation.
Levels of enzyme activity in fetal brain also showed a
marked increase centered about gestational day 17,
as well as a significant elevation during early postnatal
life; in the latter case, the cerebellum appeared to be a
major target for methylmercury-induced aberrations.
These effects were accompanied by little or no alter-
ations in general growth rate, brain weights, or weights
of other tissues (liver, heart, lung). Furthermore, no
other tissue displayed such dramatic effects on ODC
activity. Lowering the dose of methylmercury by an
order of magnitude (0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg), levels which
are associated with almost purely neurobehavioral ef-
fects of the teratogen, still resulted in clear-cut eleva-
tions of both whole fetus ODC and fetal and neonatal
brain ODC.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Bioassay, Rats, Exposure, De-
tection, Brain, Reprints, Methylmercury, Teratogene-
sis, "Ornithine decarboxylase.
PB86-162369/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Use of a Human/Mouse Hybrid Cell Line to Detect
Aneuploidy Induced by Environmental Chemicals.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. S. Athwal, and S. S. Sandhu. c1985,11 p EPA/600/
J-85/322
Pub. in Mutation Research 149, p73-81 Feb 85. Pre-
pared in cooperation with New Jersey Medical School,
Newark. Dept. of Microbiology.
A short-term assay utilizing a human/mouse monoch-
romosomal hybrid cell line R3-5, to detect chemically
induced aneuploidy in mammalian cells is described. A
single human chromosome transferred into mouse
cells was used as a cytogenetic marker to quantitate
abnormal chromosome segregation following chemi-
cal treatment. The human chromosome present in the
mouse cells can be readily identified by differential
staining procedures. The frequency of cells containing
0 or 2 human chromosomes in the progeny of chemi-
cally-treated monochromosomal hybrid cells provided
a direct measure of aneuploidy. The authors tested the
sensitivity of the proposed system with three model
chemicals (Colcemid, cyclophosphamide and beno-
myl) known to induce numerical or structural changes
in chromosomes. The frequency of an abnormal seg-
regation of the human chromosome was found to be
dose dependent and consistently higher than controls.
This system has the capability to detect gain as well as
loss of a chromosome resulting from nondisjunction or
other mechanisms leading to aneuploidy.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Mice, Humans, Detection, Re-
prints, "Cell lines, "Aneuploidy.
PB86-162377/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparison of Lung Antioxidant Levels in
Humans and Laboratory Animals. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. Slade, A. G. Stead, J. A. Graham, and G. E. Hatch.
1985, 7p EPA/600/J-85/309
Pub. in American Review of Respiratory Diseases 131,
n5 p742-746 May 85.
Basal lung concentrations of ascorbic acid (AA), non-
protein sulfhydryls (NPSH), and a-tocopherol (a-T)
were determined in rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, ham-
sters mice, domestic pigs and sheep, and in human
luna samples obtained from cancer surgery patients.
Significant differences were found among the labora-
tory animals: AA levels ranged from 25.6 mg h (mg/
544 Vol. 90, No. 24
100 g wet wt) in hamsters to 41,7 mg% in mice, NPSH
from 50.9 mg% in rats to 84.7 mg% in rabbits, and a-T
from 1.01 mg% in hamsters to 2.74 mg% in rats. Por-
cine lung AA and NPSH approximated those of the lab-
oratory animals and their a-T levels were the highest of
all species studied. Sheep lung AA levels were compa-
rable to the other species, although their NPSH and a-
T levels appeared to be lower. Human lung concentra-
tions of NPSH (5.2 mg%) and a-T (0.85 mg%) ap-
peared low, and the mean AA concentration (22.1
mg%) was similar to those of laboratory animals.
Keywords: "Antioxidants, Toxicity, Humans, Laborato-
ry animals, Respiratory system, Reprints, Ascorbic
acid, Sulfhydryls, Tocopherol.
PB86-162385/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Blood-Brain Barrier Permeation in the Rat during
Exposure to Low-Power 1.7-GHz Microwave Radi-
ation. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
T. R. Ward, and J. S. Ali. 1985,15p EPA/600/J-85/
321
Pub. in Bioelectromagnetics 6, n2 p131 -143 Jan 85.
The permeability of the blood-brain barrier to high-and
low-molecular-weight compounds has been measured
as a function of continuous wave (CW) and pulsed
microwave radiation. Adult rats, anesthetized with pen-
tobarbital and injected intravenously with a mixture of
(14C) sucrose and (3H) insulin, were exposed for 30
min at a specific absorption rate of 0.1 W/kg to 1.7
GHz CW and pulsed (0.5-us pulse width, 1000 pps)
microwave radiation. Following exposure, the brain
was perfused and sectioned into nine regions and the
radioactivity in each region was counted. During identi-
cal exposure conditions, temperatures were measured
in eight of the brain regions using a nonperturbing
thermistor probe. No change in uptake of either tracer
was found in any region as compared to sham-ex-
posed animals.
Keywords: "Radiation effects, "Microwaves, Expo-
sure, Permeability, Blood, Brain, Rats, Laboratory ani-
mals, Reprints.
PB86-162393/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Toxicity of Sodium Fluoride to the Postnatally De-
veloping Rat Kidney. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
G. P. Daston, B. F. Rehnberg, B. Carver, and R. J.
Kavlock. C1985,16p EPA/600/J-85/308
Pub. in Environmental Research 37, n2 p461-474 Aug
85.
The adult rat kidney is an important target organ for
sodium fluoride; however, the toxicity of fluoride to the
developing kidney is unknown. The study examined
renal function following NaF exposure during the first
four weeks after birth. Sprague-Dawley rats received a
single ip injection of 0,30, or 48 mg/kg NaF on postna-
tal day 1, 8,15 or 29. Alterations in renal function, his-
tology and morphology were determined 24, 38, and
120 hours after exposure. Measurements of renal
function included urine volume, osmolality, the ability
to concentrate urine during water deprivation, urinary
pH and chloride content. Rats were then sacrificed
and their kidneys processed for observation by light
microscopy. Some minor alterations in renal function
were observed in the three youngest age groups after
NaF exposure. These changes included decreased
body weight after treatment with 30 or 48 mg/kg NaF
but increased kidney-body weight ratio in the 49 mg/kg
group on day 1; decreased urinary pH in both dose
groups after treatment on day 1 or day 8; increased
during volume 120 hours after treatment on day 9; and
decreased chloride excretion in the 49 mg/kg group
24 hours after injection on day 1. None of these aber-
rations were severe. In contrast to these results,
marked renal toxicity was observed in the post-wean-
ing rats treated on day 29.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Sodium fluorides. Exposure,
Rats, Kidneys, Dosage, Pathology, Reprints.
PB86-162401/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Reproductive Effects of Low Acute Doses of Cad-
mium Chloride In Adult Male Rats. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. W. Laskey, G. L. Rehnberg, S. C. Laws, and J. F.
Hein. Apr 84,8p EPA/600/J-84/361
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 73, n2
P250-255 Apr 84.
Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected sc with
cadmium (Cd, as cadmium chloride) in doses ranging
from 1.6 to 152 micromol Cd/kg body weight (body wt).
Fourteen days after dosing, animals were evaluated
for reproductive damage. Evaluations for each animal
included tests, seminal vesicles, and epididymides
weights, vas deferens sperm concentration, and
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-stimulated
serum testosterone concentration. Since 10 to 60%
mortality occurred in the two highest dose groups (74
and 152 micromol/kg), no additional evaluations were
conducted om these groups. The weights of the tests,
seminal vesicles, and epididymides were reduced at
least 40 to 50% in groups receiving 16 or 33 micromol
Cd/kg while vas deferens sperm concentrations and
hCG-stimulated serum testosterone concentrations
were essentially zero. Significant depressions in the
sperm concentrations and in the hCG-stimulated
serum testosterone concentrations were found in ani-
mals receiving the two lowest doses (1.6 and 7.4 mi-
cromol Cd/kg) although no changes in tissue weights
were observed in these animals.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Reproduction(Biology),
Dosage, Rats, Laboratory animals, Reprints, "Cadmi-
um chloride.
PB86-162419/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of Immune Function In Mice Exposed
to Ordram (Trade Name). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. J. Smialowicz, R. W. Luebke, R. R. Rogers, M. M.
Riddle, and D. G. Rowe. 1985,10p EPA/600/J-85/
324
Pub. in Toxicology 37, n3/4 p307-314 Dec 85.
The potential effects that the thiocarbamate herbicide
Ordram has on the immune system of mice was evalu-
ated following 12 days of acute dosing by oral gavage.
Dosages of Ordram ranging from 20 to 320 mg/kg/day
had no consistent significant effects on a variety of
immune parameters investigated. The immune param-
eters measured were the following: body and lymphoid
organ weights; splenic natural killer (NK) cell activity;
lymphoproliferative responses to B and T lymphocyte
mitogens and allogeneic spleen cells in a one-way
mixed lymphocyte reaction; and delayed-type hyper-
sensitivity and antibody responses to SRBC. The ef-
fects that the immunosuppressant cyclophosphamide
has on these immune parameters was also examined.
The results indicate that Ordram does not appear to
affect key parameters of the immune system of mice
under the conditions of exposure employed.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Herbicides, Dosage, Mice, Ex-
posure, Laboratory animals, Reprints, "Ordram,
Immune responses, Thiocarbamate.
PB86-162427/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Amphotericin B- and Folic Acid-Induced Nephro-
pathies in Developing Rats. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. J. Kavlock, B. F. Rehnberg, and E. H. Rogers. 1985,
11p EPA/600/J-85/323
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 81, n3
p407-415Dec85.
The kidneys of newborn rats, which are both morpho-
logically and physiologically immature, have been
shown to be relatively insensitive to the nephrotoxic ef-
fects of several chemicals. To examine the specificity
of these age-related differences, pups received either
20 mg/kg of Amphotericin B or 250 mg/kg folic acid,
two known nephrotoxins in adult animals, on either
postnatal day 1,8 or 15. Renal function was examined
by a basal clearance test and a hydropenia challenge
at 1,2 or 5 (6 in the case of Amphotericin B) days after
treatment. The authors observed no difference in
degree of renal toxicity with age, but repair of renal
damage tended to proceed slower at the youngest
age. Amphotericin treatment produced uremia, in-
creased fractional excretion of water and sodium, a
decreased fractional excretion of urea, and a dimin-
ished hydropenia response but no change in creatinine
clearance and no renal pathology. The observed pat-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
maintain urea gradients in the distal segment of the
nephron.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Drugs, Rats, Laboratory ani-
mals, Reprints, 'Amphotericin B, 'Folic acid.
PB86-16243S/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pattern Recognition Analysis of a Set of Mutagen-
ic Aliphatic N-Nitrosamines. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. Nesnow, R. Langenbach, and M. J. Mass. c1985, 7p
EPA/600/J-85/299
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v61 p345-
349 Sep 85.
A set of 21 mutagenic aliphatic N-nitrosamines were
subjected to a pattern recognition analysis using
ADAPT software. Four descriptors based on molecular
connectivity, geometry and sigma charge on nitrogen
were capable of achieving a 100% classification using
the linear learning machine or iterative least squares
algorithms. Three descriptors were capable of a
90.5% and two descriptors of a 85.7% overall correct
classification. Three of the four descriptors were each
capable of classifying 15 of the 16 active chemicals
while it required three of the four descriptors to cor-
rectly classify two of the five inactive chemicals. These
results are in concert with previous observations that
molecular connectivity, geometry, and sigma charge
on nitrogen are powerful descriptors for separating
active from inactive mutagenic and carcinogenic N-ni-
trosamines.
Keywords: 'Pattern recognition, Algorithms, Reprints,
"Mutagens, "Nitrosamines, ADAPT computer pro-
grams.
PB86-162443/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Nationwide Occurrence of Radon and Other Natu-
ral Radioactivity in Public Water Supplies,
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
T. R. Horton. Oct 85,230p EPA/520/5-85/008
Samples from more than 2500 public water supplies
representing 35 states were collected. Although sam-
ples were taken from only about 5 percent of the total
number of groundwater supplies in the contiguous
states of the U.S., those samples represent nearly 45
percent of the water consumed by U.S. groundwater
users in the 48 contiguous states. Sample results are
summarized by arithmatic mean for each state and the
entire U.S. Results include radon, gross alpha, gross
beta, Ra-226, Ra-228, total Ra, U-234, U-238, total U,
and U-234/U-283 ratios. Individual public water supply
results are found in the appendices.
Keywords: "Radon, "Water pollution, "Radioactive
contaminants, Potable water, Sources,
Concentration(Composition), Public health, Water pol-
lution control.
PB86-162450/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Mutagenic Activity of the Products of Ozone Re-
action with Propylene in the Presence and Ab-
sence of Nitrogen Dioxide. Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
P. B. Shepson, T. E. Kleindienst, E. O. Edney, L. T.
Cupitt, and L. D. Claxton. c1985, 7p EPA/600/J-85/
296
Contract EPA-68-02-4033
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v19
n11 p1094-1098 Nov 85. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Sciences Research Lab.
In a 22.7 cu.m. flow mode smog chamber, 5.4 ppm
proylene was allowed to react with 0.9 ppm ozone
either in the presence or absence of 0.2 ppm nitrogen
dioxide. The steady-state reactant and product distri-
bution was then tested for total mutagenic activity by
exposing Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 to the
gasphase chamber effluent. The total product dosage
in the test plates was varied by exposing them for 0, 5,
10, 15, and 20 h. Salmonella typhimurium survivor
levels were obtained at each length of exposure. The
number of revertants/plate increased at a rate of
approx. 4-5 per hour, while the survivor level de-
creased throughout the exposure. Most of the total
mutagenic activity can be accounted for by the pres-
ence of formaldehyde. This work clearly demonstrates
that a gas-phase exposure of Salmonella typhimurium
can be effectively employed as an alternative to the
standard plate incorporation test for volatile species
and for complex gas phase mixtures.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Ozone, "Nitrogen dioxide,
Bacteria, Dosage, Exposure, Reprints, "Mutagenesis,
Propylene, Salmonella typhimurium.
PB86-162468/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Acute and Chronic Effects of Heavy Metals and
Cyanide on 'Mysidopsls bahla'
(Crustacea:Mysldacea). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
S. M. Lussier, J. H. Gentile, and J. Walker. 1985,13p
EPA/600/J-85/296, ERLN-657
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology 7, p25-35 1985.
Acute and whole life-cycle toxicity tests were conduct-
ed with the estuarine mysid shrimp, Mysidopsis bahia,
exposed to cyanide and selected heavy metals. Acute
toxicity values (96h LC50) ranged from 3.5 micro-
grams/1 for mercury to 3130 micrograms/1 for lead,
and were ranked in order of toxicity: (greatest)Hg, Cd,
Cu, Cn, Ag, Sn, Ni, As, Cr, Pb(least). The chronic toxici-
ty values ranged from 1.2 micrograms/1 for mercury to
893 micrograms/1 for arsenic. Chronic values were
calculated from either survival, time to first reproduc-
tion, or number of young produced. When acute toxici-
ty data for the same chemical are compared, M. bahia
is consistently among the more sensitive marine spe-
cies. Lack of comparable data precludes a similar ob-
servation with chronic tests. Examination of the rela-
tive sensitivity of the chronic responses indicates that
only for cadmium was survival more sensitive than re-
production.
Keywords: "Cyanide, "Toxicology, Sensitivity, Metals,
Shrimp, Exposure, Dosage, Bioassay, Reprints,
"Heavy metals, Mysidopsis bahia, "Water pollution
effects(Aquatic animals).
PB86-162476/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Growth and Persistence of Pathogens on Granu-
lar Activated Carbon Filters. Journal article,
Montana State Univ., Bozeman. Dept. of Microbiology.
A. K. Camper, M. W. LeChevallier, S. C. Broadaway,
and G. A. McFeters. c1985,7p EPA/600/J-85/297
Grant EPA-R-807092
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v50
n6 p1378-1382 Dec 85. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering
Research Lab.
Three enteric pathogens Yersinia enterocolitica 0:8,
Salmonella typhimurium, and enterotoxigenic Escheri-
chia coli, were examined for their ability to colonize
granular activated carbon (GAC) in pure cultures and
in the presence ol autochthonous river water orga-
nisms. All three organisms readily colonized sterile
GAC and maintained populations of ca. 10 to the 5th
power to 10 to the 7th power CFU per. g. for 14 days
when suspended in sterile river water. Exposure of
pathogen biofilms on GAC to unsterile river water re-
sulted in a gradual decline in pathogens on the carbon
(0.08 to 0.14 log per day). When pathogens were intro-
duced to sterile GAC in the presence of heterotrophic
plate count organisms, they attached at levels similar
to those in pure cultures and then decreased. When
added with heterotrophic plate count bacteria to GAC
supporting a mature biofilm of native river water bacte-
ria, they attached at a lower level and decreased at a
more rapid rate.
Keywords: "Filters, "Bacteria, Activated carbon,
Growth, Persistence, Reprints, "Pathogens, Yersinia
enterocolitica, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia
coli.
PB86-162484/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Problems In the Estimation of Human Exposure to
Components of Acid Precipitation Precursors.
Journal article,
Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
B. G. Ferris, and J. D. Spengler. C1985,7p EPA/600/J-
85/304
Grant EPA-R-811650
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v63 p5-9
Nov 85. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Problems associated with estimation of human expo-
sures to ambient air pollution are discussed. Ideally the
authors would prefer to have some indication of actual
dose. For most pollutants this is not presently feasible.
Specific problems discussed are adequacy of outdoor
monitors: the need to correct for exposures and time
spent indoors: the need to have particle size distribu-
tions described and the chemistry of the particles pre-
sented. These indicate the need to develop lightweight
accurate and reliable personal monitors.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Humans, Exposure, Reprints,
"Acid rain, "Air pollution effects(Humans), Monitors.
PB86-162492/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Depressed Excitability and Integrated EEGs Fol-
lowing Hippocampal Afterdischarges. Journal arti-
cle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
H. S. Swartzwelder, S. T. Wegener, C. T. Johnson, and
R. S. Dyer. 1980, 6p EPA/600/J-80/029
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill. Center for Alcohol Studies, and Saint
Louis Univ., MO. Dept. of Psychology.
Pub. in Brain Research Bulletin, v5 p505-507 Apr 80.
Rats with chronic hippocampal electrode implants had
afterdischarges induced with electrical stimulus inten-
sities of 115,200, and 800% of a previously deter-
mined threshold. Afterdischarge duration, postictal
EEG depression duration, and the duration of postictal
electrical hypoexcitability were assessed. Afterdis-
charge duration varied inversely with stimulus intensity
as did the duration of postictal hypoexcitability. How-
ever, the duration of postictal EEG depression in-
creased with stimulus intensity. This dissociation be-
tween postictal neuroexcitability and EEG depression
is discussed in terms of possible underlying cholinergic
mechanisms.
Keywords: "Electroencephalography, "Hippocampus,
Reprints, "Afterdischarges.
PB86-162740/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Assessment of Incineration as a Treatment
Method for Liquid Organic Hazardous Wastes.
Summary and Conclusions. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Mar 85, lOOp EPA/230/02-86/002
See also PB86-162757.
The study assesses the use of incineration for treat-
ment of liquid organic hazardous wastes, including its
advantages and disadvantages, and the issues associ-
ated with its use. The central focus is on comparing
land-based and ocean-based incineration to assist
EPA in making decisions relative to ocean incineration.
General conclusions to be drawn from the study are:
(1) Incineration is a valuable and environmentally
sound treatment option for destroying liquid organic
hazardous wastes; (2) Although the types of risks and
risk levels differ slightly, there is no clear preference
for ocean or land incineration in terms of risks to
human health and the environment; (3) Current com-
mercial and on-site land-based incineration capacity is
adequate to handle existing demand (except for
PCBs); however, future demand will significantly
exceed capacity as land disposal options are restrict-
ed; (4) Despite substantial existing information on in-
cinerator performance, continuing research is needed
to improve current knowledge of combustion process-
es and effects; and (5) To better address public con-
cerns on incineration, EPA needs to improve public
communications efforts and provide more visible lead-
ership in the area of hazardous waste management.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Incinerators, "Liquid
wastes, Oceans, Organic compounds, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products. Assessments, Hazard-
ous materials.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-162757/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Assessment of Incineration as a Treatment
Method for Liquid Organic Hazardous Wastes.
Background Report 1. Description of Incineration
Technology. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
J. Retzer, and M. Perl. Mar 85, 54p EPA/230/02-86/
003
See also PB86-162740, and PB86-162765.
The study provides a baseline description of both land-
based and ocean incineration technologies, identifies
key issues regarding performance capabilities and
operational techniques, and highlights the differences
between the technologies with respect to these
issues. The study focuses on the most common types
of incinerators currently in use. On land, these are
liquid injection incinerators and rotary kilns with liquid
capability. For ocean incineration, the designs re-
viewed are the Vulcanus I and II and the two vessels
under construction by the Tacoma Boat Company. An-
other ocean design in the conceptual stage, proposed
by SeaBurn Inc., is also treated very briefly.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Incinerators, 'Liquid
wastes. Oceans, Organic compounds, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Assessments, Hazard-
ous materials.
PB86-162765/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Assessment of Incineration as a Treatment
Method for Liquid Organic Hazardous Wastes.
Background Report 2. Assessment of Emerging
Alternative Technologies. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
J. Basilico, H. Freeman, T. Oppelt, and G. Shira. Mar
85,37p EPA/230/02-86/004
See also PB86-162757, and PB86-162773.
Assessment of incineration as a treatment method for
liquid combustible and other liquid organic waste
streams must take into account the availability of tech-
nologies that offer suitable treatment and destruction
alternatives to conventional incinerators. The report
reviews existing and emerging thermal, chemical, and
biological hazardous waste destruction processes that
can be used to treat or destroy the same types of liquid
organic wastes that are presently destroyed in inciner-
ators. The report addresses the following questions:
(1) What technologies other than incineration are now
available, or may be available in the near future, to
treat, destroy, or recycle combustible liquid hazardous
wastes. (2) What is the likely commercialization rate of
each of these technologies. (3) How do these technol-
ogies compare to incineration in terms of cost, capabil-
ity, benefits, and environmental and human health im-
pacts.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Incinerators, "Liquid
wastes, "Technology assessment, Oceans, Organic
compounds, Industrial wastes. Combustion products,
Assessments, Hazardous materials.
PB86-162773/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Assessment of Incineration as a Treatment
Method for Liquid Organic Hazardous Wastes.
Background Report 3. Assessment of the Com-
mercial Hazardous Waste Incineration Market.
Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
L. Cahill. Mar 85,143p EPA/230/02-86/005
See also PB86-162765, and PB86-162781. Prepared
in cooperation with Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., Be-
thesda, MD., and Putnam, Hayes and Bartlett, Inc.,
Cambridge, MA.
The volume provides a two-part assessment of the
market for incineration of liquid organic hazardous
wastes. The first part is a profile of the current inciner-
ation market and the second part is an economic anal-
ysis which projects the demand for and supply of incin-
eration capacity under alternative regulatory scenarios
provided by the Agency. The market profile focuses on
market size, market shares, volumes incinerated,
available technologies, and EPA's regulatory program
for incineration. The economic analysis is an evalua-
tion of incineration capacity utilization comparing esti-
mated on-site and commercial capacity (i.e., supply)
with estimated volumes to be incinerated (i.e.,
demand). This comparison is done for baseline market
conditions, and a series of cases projecting demand
546 Vol. 90, No. 24
and supply in response to several RCRA regulatory
amendment scenarios. The study concludes that
future demand for incineration capacity will significant-
ly exceed current capacity as land disposal alterna-
tives are restricted under new RCRA regulations.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Incinerators, "Liquid
wastes, Oceans, Organic compounds, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Assessments, Hazard-
ous materials.
PB86-162781/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Assessment of Incineration as a Treatment
Method for Liquid Organic Hazardous Wastes.
Background Report 4. Comparison of Risks from
Land-Based and Ocean-Based Incineration.
Volume 1. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Mar 85, 181p EPA/230/02-86/006
See also PB86-162773, and PB86-162799. Prepared
in cooperation with Industrial Economics, Inc., Cam-
bridge, MA.
The volume addresses the comparative risks to human
health and the environment from land-based and
ocean incineration of liquid organic hazardous wastes.
Case studies for selected waste streams (polychlori-
nated biphenyls (PCB's) and ethylene dichloride
wastes) were used to compare all aspects of the land
and ocean incineration systems, including transporta-
tion, handling, storage, and incineration. Human health
risks were found to be very low for both the land and
ocean systems. Because of the greater distance from
human populations, stack releases from the ocean
system result in somewhat lower human health risks
than land-based systems. Use of the ocean system
presents a very small probability of an accident involv-
ing a hazardous waste spill from the incinerator ship. In
the extremely unlikely event of a large spill of PCB
wastes in the harbor or bay area, significant environ-
mental damage could occur according to the model
used.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Incinerators, "Liquid
wastes, Oceans, Organic compounds, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Assessments, Hazard-
ous materials, "Risk analysis.
PB86-162799/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
Assessment of Incineration as a Treatment
Method for Liquid Organic Hazardous Wastes.
Background Report 4. Comparison of Risks from
Land-Based and Ocean-Based Incineration.
Volume 2. Appendices. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Mar 85,446p EPA/230/02-86/007
See also PB86-162781, and PB86-162807. Prepared
in cooperation with Industrial Economics, Inc., Cam-
bridge, MA.
The volume contains the appendices to Volume I of
Background Report IV: Comparison of Risks from
Land-Based and Ocean-Based Incineration. The ap-
pendices are as follows: Calculation of annual waste
throughput for the Vulcanus II; Transfer and storage
release analysis; Marine transportation release analy-
sis; Estimation of risks resulting from inhalation and in-
gestion of hazardous emissions from land-based incin-
erators; Estimation of PIC emissions from ocean- and
land-based incinerators; Analysis of scrubber effluent
from land-based incinerators; Estimation of risks re-
sulting from inhalation of hazardous emissions from
ocean-based incinerators; Estimation of human expo-
sures and health risks resulting from marine spills;
Ecosystem effects due to marine releases.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Incinerators, "Liquid
wastes, Oceans, Organic compounds. Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Assessments, Hazard-
ous materials.
PB86-162807/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Assessment of Incineration as a Treatment
Method for Liquid Organic Hazardous Wastes.
Background Report S. Public Concerns Regarding
Land-Based and Ocean-Based Incineration. Final
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
E. McCann, M. Perl, J. Dingfelder, and T. Baden. Mar
85, 47p EPA/230/02-86/008
See also PB86-162799.
The volume addresses public attitudes and concerns
which affect the siting and permitting of hazardous
waste incinerators. The analysis is based on interviews
and public hearings transcripts concerning twelve in-
cinerator permitting actions in which there has been
substantial public opposition. In general, ocean incin-
eration has caused a greater degree of public opposi-
tion than most land-based incinerators. This is primari-
ly because the perceived impact of land-based inciner-
ation is very localized, whereas ocean incineration is
thought by some citizens to potentially affect an entire
region: the port community, all the communities along
the coastline near the burn site, and the marine envi-
ronment. While the source of opposition to both ocean
and land incinerators has been primarily from local
communities, ocean incineration is unique in also
being actively opposed by some multi-state coalitions
of civic, business, and environmental groups, and by
some national environmental groups.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Incinerators, "Liquid
wastes, Oceans, Organic compounds, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Assessments, Hazard-
ous materials.
PB86-163060/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Proceedings: National Symposium on Recent Ad-
vances In Pollutant Monitoring of Ambient Air and
Stationary Sources (5th Annual) Held at Raleigh,
North Carolina on May 14-16, 1985.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Jan 86, 280p* EPA/600/9-85/029
See also PB85-144053.
The fifth annual national symposium sponsored by
EPA's Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
was held May 14-16, 1985 in Raleigh, North Carolina.
In seven sessions over three days, papers and discus-
sions focused on state-of-the-art systems for monitor-
ing source emissions, ambient air, acid deposition,
method 25 and personal monitoring. The symposium is
part of a continuing effort to explore recent advances
in pollutant monitoring of ambient air and stationary
sources. The publication is intended to assist those re-
searchers concerned with furthering the science of air
monitoring.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Meetings, Laboratory equip-
ment, Samplers, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis,
Sites, Concentration(Composition), "Stationary
sources, "Air pollution sampling, "Air pollution detec-
tion, State of the art.
PB86-163334/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Aneuploidy Test Development: Kinetochore Stain-
ing in Mammalian Systems. Rept. for Nov 83-Nov
84,
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
R. R. Tice, and V. L. Dellarco. Feb 86,26p EPA/600/8-
86/006
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment.
The purpose of the project was to determine the feasi-
bility of using human-derived antibodies against the
chromosomal kinetochore region coupled with immun-
ofluorescence staining as a method for evaluating the
induction of aneuploidy in mammalian cells in vitro and
in vivo. The technique was applied to (1) Chinese ham-
ster cells (V79 cells), human fibroblasts, and peripher-
al lymphocytes interphase cells in vitro; (2) mouse
bone marrow cells in vivo; and (3) mature human and
rat sperm. Although kinetochore staining can be ac-
complished on a routine basis on mammalian inter-
phase in vitro and in vivo cells, the technique does not
appear to offer the staining intensity and/or persist-
ence to allow for an accurate enumeration of the total
genomic complement of a Chinese hamster, mouse or
human cell. It was found that kinetochore structures
are not visible in nature before or after techniques to
cause sperm head enlargement. Kinetochore struc-
tures can, most likely, be detected in micronuclei.
Keywords: "Antibodies, Feasibility studies, Chromo-
somes, Cells(Biology), In vitro analysis, In vivo analy-
sis, "Kinetochore, "Aneuploidy, Cytogenetics, "im-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-163342/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Methodology for the Determination ot Dinitroanl-
line Herbicides in Tissue and Excreta. Journal arti-
cle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
T. R. Edgerton, W. Scott, and R. E. Linder. 1985, 7p
EPA/600/J-85/318
Pub. in Jnl. of Analytical Toxicology 9, p15-19 Jan/Feb
85.
A method is presented for the analysis of trace
amounts of dinitroaniline herbicides in tissue and ex-
creta. The method employs extraction of the tissue or
excreta with organic solvent, clean up by liquid/liquid
partitioning or silica gel chromatography, and ultimate
analysis by gas chromatography using electron cap-
ture detection. Recoveries of greater than 80% were
noted over the range of concentration 0.1 to 1.0 micro-
grams/g.
Keywords: "Herbicides, 'Toxicology, Bioassay,
Tissues(Biology), Feces, Reprints, 'Dinitroaniline.
PB86-163359/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Further Development of Rodent Whole Embryo
Culture: Solvent Toxicity and Water Insoluble
Compound Delivery System. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
K. T. Kitchin, and M. T. Ebron. 1984,15p EPA/600/J-
84/363
Pub. in Toxicology 30, n1 p45-57 Feb 84.
In order to study the in vitro embryotoxicity and dys-
morphogenesis of water insoluble compounds, sol-
vents or chemical delivery systems of low toxicity and
teratogenicity to the developing embryo must be
found. Therefore, day 10.5 rat embryos were cultured
for 2 days in whole rat serum containing 0.1, 0.5 and
2.5 vol.% of ethyl alcohol, dimethysulfoxide, acetone,
Tween 80, corn oil and 10% acetone/90% corn oil. No
adverse effects occurred with any of the solvents at
the 0.1% concentration level. At 0.5% ethyl alcohol
and Tween 80 significantly reduced embryonic growth
and increased the incidence of embryonic abnormali-
ties. With the exception of corn oil and acetone/corn
oil, embryos cultured in media containing 2.5% of vari-
ous solvents failed to grow, did not differentiate, and
died during the culture period. Corn oil suspended in
rat serum by use of ultrasound was non-toxic even at
concentrations of 2.5% and 10%.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, In vitro analysis, Pregnancy,
Fetuses, Rats, Laboratory animals, Solvents, Reprints,
'Water insoluble compounds.
PB86-163367/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Acute Behavioral Toxicity of Carbaryl and Pro-
poxur In Adult Rats. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
P. H. Ruppert, L. L. Cook, K. F. Dean, and L. W. Reiter.
1983,8p EPA/600/J-83/332
Pub. in Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, v18
p579-584 Apr 83.
Motor activity and neuromotor function were examined
in adult CD rats exposed to either carbaryl or propoxur,
and behavioral effects were compared with the time
course of cholinesterase inhibition. Rats received an
IP injection of either 0, 2,4,6 or 8 mg/kg propoxur or 0,
4, 8, 16 or 28 mg/kg carbaryl in corn oil 20 min before
testing. All doses of propoxur reduced 2 hr activity in a
figure-eight maze, and crossovers and rears in an
open field. For carbaryl, dosages of 8,18 and 28 mg/
kg decreased maze activity whereas 16 and 28 mg/kg
reduced open field activity. In order to determine the
time course of effects, rats received a single IP injec-
tion of either corn oil, 2 mg/kg propoxur or 16 mg/kg
carbaryl, and were tested for 5 min in a figure-eight
maze either 15, 30, 60, 120 or 240 min post-injection.
Immediately after testing, animals were sacrificed and
total cholinesterase was measured. Maximum effects
of propoxur and carbaryl on blood and brain cholines-
terase and motor activity were seen within 15 min.
Maze activity had returned to control levels within 30
and 60 min whereas chlorinesterase levels remained
depressed for 120 and 240 min for propoxur and car-
baryl, respectively. These results indicate that both
carbamates decrease motor activity, but behavioral re-
covery occurs prior to that of cholinesterase following
acute exposure.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Rats, Laboratory animals, Ex-
posure, Behavioral effects, Reprints, "Carbaryl, 'Pro-
poxur.
PB86-163375/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Electrocardiographic Responses of Rat Fetuses
with Clamped or Intact Umbilical Cords to Acute
Maternal Uterine Ischemia. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
K. S. Robinson, R.J. Kavlock, and W. P. Watkinson.
1983,6p EPA/600/J-83/331
Pub. in American Jnl. of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
v147 n7 p795-798,1 Dec 83.
Uterine ischemia results in severe cardiac disturb-
ances in the fetus. It has been postulated that these ef-
fects are due to interaction with the ischemic uterus or
placenta and not due to hypoxia or build up of metabo-
lites in the fetus. The fetal cardiac responses to uterine
clamping and umbilical cord clamping were compared
in the rat using electrocardiography (ECG). On day 21
of gestation fetuses from the same pregnant rat were
exposed to umbilical clamping, uterine clamping or no
clamping in a total of 14 pregnant rats. ECGs were re-
corded for each fetus immediately after clamping and
at 10, 20 and 30 minutes after clamping. Immediately
after clamping, the uterine clamping group showed
severe sinus bradycardia. At all other observation time
fetuses exposed to uterine or umbilical clamping
showed bradycardia and other ECG changes typically
associated with hypoxia. Therefore, umbilical clamping
protected the fetuses from the adverse effects of uter-
ine clamping for only a very short time.
Keywords: 'Electrocardiography, 'Ischemia, Re-
sponses, Rats, Laboratory animals, Fetuses, Reprints.
PB86-163383/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Ambient Sulfate Aerosol Deposition in Man: Mod-
eling the Influence of Hygroscopiclty. Journal arti-
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
T. B. Martonen, A. E. Barnett, and F. J. Miller. c1985,
16p EPA/600/J-85/303
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v63 p11 -
24 Nov 85. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop
Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Atmospheric sulfate aerosols (H2S04, (NH4J2S04,
and NH4HS04) are of international concern because
of their global prevalence and potential irritant or toxic
effects on humans. To assess hazards following inha-
lation exposure, the total dose delivered to the human
respiratory tract and its regional distribution must be
determined. The mass median aerodynamic diameter
of the inhaled aerosol will influence the sites ot deposi-
tion in the respiratory tract. Atmospheric sulfate aero-
sols are hygroscopic and will have changing particle
sizes and densities as they absorb water vapor in the
humid environment of the human respiratory tract. Ex-
perimental and theoretical data that describe particle
size as a function of temperature and relative humidity
were used in computer subroutines of an aerosol dep-
osition model in order to calculate the dose dispersion
of H2S04, (NH4)2S04, and NH4HS04 aerosols in
man. Different temperature and relative humidity envi-
ronments that approximately correspond to nasal and
oral breathing were studied.
Keywords: 'Sulfates, Deposition, Aerosols, Humans,
Lung, Moisture, Modeling, Reprints, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), * Hygrosoopicity.
PB86-163417/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Exploratory Research.
Developments at International Conference on
Water Pollution Research (12th) Held at Amster-
dam, The Netherlands on September 17-21,1984.
United States of America National Committee for Rep-
resentation of the United States to the International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control.
Feb 86, 401 p EPA/600/9-86/007
Grant EPA-R-811292
See also PB84-155183. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Explora-
tory Research.
Under a grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA), 32 members of the U.S. American Na-
tional Committee (USANC) participated in the twelfth
biennial International Conference on Water Pollution.
The final two-volume report documenting this confer-
ence includes the basic themes of ground-water pollu-
tion and recharge, water quality problems, river and
lake management, wastewater treatment and dispos-
al, sludge treatment and disposal, stormwater and
runoff management and control, treatment and reuse
of industrial wastewater.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Water pollution control,
Meetings, Sewage treatment, Activated sludge proc-
ess, Ground water, Phosphorus, Industrial waste treat-
ment, Nitrification, Disinfection, Viruses, Algae, Metals,
Nitrogen, Removal, Agriculture, Eutrophication.
PB86-163664/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Aeration to Remove Volatile Organic Compounds
from Ground Water. Interim rept.,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
O. T. Love, W. A. Feige, J. K. Carswell, R. J. Miltner,
and R. M. Clark. Mar 84,61 p EPA/600/2-86/024
The interim report presents general information on the
use of aeration to remove volatile organic compounds
from drinking wafer for public health reasons. The
report illustrates the types of aerators, shows where
they are being used, presents a means of estimating
aeration performance, identifies the problems and sec-
ondary effects of aeration, and estimates the cost of
this technology.
Keywords: 'Aeration, 'Organic compounds, 'Water
treatment, Ground water, Performance evaluation, Re-
moval, Vaporizing, Aerators, Selection, Operating
costs, Sites, Operations, Drawings.
PB86-163605/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Predicting Concentration of Total Phosphorus
and Chlorophyll 'a' In a Lake with Short Hydraulic
Residence Time. Journal article,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of Fisheries
and Wildlife.
B. J. Premo, C. D. McNabb, F. C. Payne, T. R.
Batterson, and J. R. Craig. c1985,13p EPA/600/J-85/
262
Grant EPA-R-805046
Pub. in Hydrobiologia 122, p231-241 Jun 85. Spon-
sored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
The relationship between total phosphorus and chloro-
phyll a concentration was determined for Skinner
Lake, Indiana over an annual cycle in 1978-79. Total
nitrogen: total phosphorus ratios in the epilimnion
ranged from 19 to 220 suggesting a phosphorus-de-
pendent algal yield in the epilimnion. Approximately
90% of annual TP loading reached the lake via stream-
flow, and 93% of this entered during snowmelt and
spring-overturn periods. At that time incoming water
flushed the lake 2.4 times. Atmospheric loading ac-
counted for 1.4% of annual TP load. Internal hypolim-
netic TP loading occurred during summer stratification.
The 1978-79 data were used in conjunction with the
Vollenweider & Kerekes model to produce a model
specific for the Skinner Lake system. The model pre-
dicted mean epilimnetic total phosphorus and chloro-
phyll a concentrations from mean total phosphorus
concentration in inlet streams and from lake water resi-
dence time during the period of spring overturn and
summer stratification.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus, 'Chlorophylls, "Skinner
Lake, Nutrients, Stream flow, Mathematical models,
Concentration(Composition), Algae, Chemical analy-
sis. Temperature, Flushing, Summer, Nitrogen,
Tables(Data), Indiana, Reprints, 'Organic loading,
Thermal stratification.
PB86-163847/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.	M
Monte Carlo Studies of the Classifications Made
by Nonparametric Linear Discriminant Functions.
Journal article,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park.
T. R. Stouch, and P. C. Jurs. C1985,8p EPA/600/J-
85/320
See also PB86-163854. Pub. in Jnl. of Chemical Infor-
mation and Computer Sciences 25, n1 p45-50 1985.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chance factors in pattern recognition studies utilizing
nonparametric linear discriminant functions are exam-
ined. The relationship between complete linear sepa-
ration of a data set and the dimensionality of the study
is well-known. Also, due to the nature of the inequal-
ities from which these numerical techniques are de-
rived, 50% separation is always assured. The paper in-
vestigates the probability of achieving less than 100%
but greater than 50% chance separations as a func-
tion of the dimensionality and class membership distri-
bution. It is shown that the fraction of correct classifi-
cations due to chance factors increases dramatically
as the dimensionality of the study increases. These re-
sults serve to redefine the level of expected chance
classifications as a function of the number of observa-
tions, the dimensionality, and the class membership
distributions. The results can be used to assess the
classification results obtained with a given linear dis-
criminant function.
Keywords: 'Pattern recognition, 'Classifications,
Monte Carlo method. Reprints, "Discriminant func-
tions.
PB86-163854/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.
Monte Carlo Studies of the Classifications Made
by Nonparametric Linear Discriminant Functions.
2. Effects of Nonideal Data. Journal article,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park.
T. R. Stouch, and P. C. Jurs. C1985, 9p EPA/600/J-
85/319
See also PB86-163847. Pub. in Jnl. of Chemical Infor-
mation and Computer Sciences 15, n2 p92-98 1985.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Recently, the levels of correct classifications due to
chance that were attainable by nonparametric linear
discriminant functions (NLDFs) were studied. The pre-
vious work dealt with easily generated, idealized data.
Because of this, the application of those results to
actual studies using nonideal data may not be warrant-
ed. The studies reported here analyze the effects of
zero values, indicator values, and multicollinearities:
variations that occur in actual data and that could
affect the levels of random classifications. Three struc-
ture-activity relationship studies that were performed
with NLDFs are also examined.
Keywords: 'Pattern recognition, 'Classifications,
Monte Carlo method, Reprints, 'Discriminant func-
tions.
PB86-164043/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
Biochemical and Functional Alterations in Renal
and Cardiac Development Resulting from Neona-
tal Methylmercury Treatment. Journal article,
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC.
T. A. Slotkin, S. Pachman, J. Bartolome, and R. J.
Kavlock. C1985,13p EPA/600/J-85/312
Grant EPA-R-811621
Pub. in Toxicology 36, n2-3 p231-241 Aug 85. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Administration of methylmercury (1 or 2.5 mg/kg daily)
to neonatal rats caused alterations in both cardiac and
renal growth patterns. Heart weights were elevated in
the preweaning period in association with hyperplasia
(supranormal DNA content); after weaning, the cardiac
overgrowth regressed and there was an eventual hy-
poplasia as evidenced by low DNA content in young
adulthood. Renal overgrowth was more pronounced
and persistent, but reflected a pure hypertrophy, with
no changes in DNA. Despite the absence of apparent
morphologic damage to the kidney, renal function was
affected by neonatal methylmercury exposure, as as-
sessed through basal clearance techniques. In the im-
mediate period after beginning treatment, there was an
impairment of renal function (elevated serum urea,
creatinine and osmolality; increased fractional excre-
tions of water, sodium and osmotic particles), with a
return to normal by 10 days postnatally.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Kidney, 'Heart, Rats, Fe-
tuses, Laboratory animals, Reprints, 'Methylmercury.
PB86-164050/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
548 Vol. 90, No. 24
Impact of Ozone on Winter Wheat Yield. Journal
article,
Argonne National Lab., IL. Environmental Research
Div.
L. W. Kress, J. E. Miller, and H. J. Smith. c1985, 20p
EPA/600/J-85/261
Pub. in Environmental and Experimental Botany, v25
n3 p211-228 Mar 85. Sponsored by Corvallis Environ-
mental Research Lab., OR.
Wheat is one of the more important agricultural crops
in the USA, and the major production areas may be
subjected to potentially damaging concentrations of
ozone (03). Since no information was available re-
garding the 03 sensitivity of winter wheat cultivars
grown in the Midwest, plants of three cultivars were
field-grown in open-top chambers and exposed to 03
daily throughout the spring growing season to deter-
mine impact on grain yield. Also included was a non-
chambered ambient air plot. Tests were conducted
over a two year period and compared. The study was
initiated to provide further biological response data
suitable for evaluating ambient air quality standards
and for use in the NCLAN economic assessment of
the consequences of 03 exposure to crops. The spe-
cific objective was to establish the exposure-response
relationships between yield of three important cultivars
of soft red winter wheat grown in the Midwest and
chronic exposures to a range of 03 concentrations.
(Copyright (c) 1985 Pergamon Press Ltd.)
Keywords: "Ozone, 'Wheat plants, "Air pollution,
Damage, Concentration(Composition), Exposure,
Yield, Tests, Comparison, Seasonal variations, Sensi-
tivity, Reprints, 'Winter wheat plants.
PB86-164084/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Large Soil Absorption Systems for Wastewaters
from Multiple-Home Developments. Final rept.
1980-83,
RSE, Inc., Madison, Wl.
R. L. Siegrist, D. L. Anderson, and D. L. Hargett. Feb
86,105p EPA/600/2-86/023
Contract EPA-68-03-3057
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
An investigation was conducted to provide insight into
the design and performance of large soil absorption
systems for treatment and disposal of wastewaters
from multiple-home developments. The objectives
were to investigate absorption system performance
and identify potential deficiencies in presently used
design criteria. Where possible, recommendations re-
garding more appropriate design and operation prac-
tices were to be made. A survey of state regulatory
agencies was conducted to enable characterization of
the distribution, regulatory structures, design restric-
tions and state attitudes associated with multiple-
home systems. An in-depth field investigation of the
community wastewater absorption system at West-
boro, Wisconsin was conducted between June 1981
and May 1983.
Keywords: 'Sewage disposal, 'Sewage treatment,
'Soils, Adsorption, Design criteria, Fluid infiltration,
Performance evaluation, State government, Regula-
tions, Attitudes, Wisconsin, 'Small communities, Multi-
ple home systems.
PB86-164811/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparison of Animal Infectivity and Excystatlon
as Measures of 'Giardia muris' Cyst Inactivation
by Chlorine. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
J. C. Hoff, E. W. Rice, and F. W. Schaefer. c1985,5p
EPA/600/J-85/289
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v50
n4 p1115-1117 Oct 85.
In the study, in vitro excystation and mouse infectivity
were compared as methods for quantitatively deter-
mining the viability of Giardia muris cysts before and
after exposure to free residual chlorine. The mouse in-
fectivity results show that very few cysts (1-15) consti-
tute an infectious dose. The results of the inactivation
studies indicate that in vitro excystation is an adequate
indication of cyst animal infectivity and can be used to
determine the effects of disinfectants on cyst viability.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Chlorine, 'Disinfectants,
Mice, In vitro analysis, Comparison, Infections, Cysts]
Exposure, Reprints, Giardia muris.
PB86-164829/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Effect of Slow Sand Filter Maintenance on Water
Quality. Journal article,
Syracuse Univ., NY.
T. R. Cullen, and R. D. Letterman. C1985,11p EPA/
600/J-85/286
Pub. in Jnl. of American Water Works Association 77,
n12 p48-55 Dec 85. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
Full-scale, municipal, slow, sand filters at seven sites
in the Syracuse, NY, area were monitored before,
during, and after filter scraping to verify the presence
or absence of a ripening period to determine the filter
run length and to quantify the labor and material re-
quired for scraping and resanding operations. Results
showed some evidence of a ripening period, ranging
from 6 hr to 2 wk, in 4 of the 10 operations monitored!
The factor that seemed to have the most significant
effect on the quality of the filtrate was the amount and
nature of the particulate matter present in the raw
water.
Keywords: 'Sand filters, 'Water quality, "Municipali-
ties, Maintenance, Turbidity, Manpower, Scrapers,
Cleaning, Monitoring, Flow rate, Particle size, Coliform
bacteria, Comparison, Efficiency, Reprints, Drinking
water, Particulates.
PB86-164837/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Slow Sand Filtration: Influences of Selected Proc-
ess Variables. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
W. D. Bellamy, D.W. Hendricks, and G. S. Logsdon.
C1985,8p EPA/600/J-85/287
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association 77,
n12 p62-66 Dec 85. Prepared in cooperation with Col-
orado State Univ., Fort Collins.
Biological activity within the sand bed had the strong-
est influence on removal efficiency of total coliform
bacteria by slow sand filtration, as determined by six
pilot filters. Temperature, sand bed depth, and sand
size also had a strong influecee.
Keywords: "Sand filtration. "Water treatment, Efficien-
cy, Coliform bacteria, Removal, Sand filters, Tempera-
ture, Depth, Pilot plants, Flow charting, Diagrams, Re-
prints.
PB86-164845/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Aneuploldy and Health Risk Assessment: Current
Status and Future Directions. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Reproductive Effects Assessment Group.
V. L. Dellarco, K. H. Mavournin, and R. R. Tice. c1985
22p EPA/600/ J-85/316
Pub. in Environmental Mutagenesis 7, p405-424 May
85. Prepared in cooperation with Oak Ridge National
Lab., TN., and Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sponsored
a workshop to discuss (1) the contribution of aneu-
ploidy to human disease and disability, (2) the develop-
ment of tests for detecting chemicals that induce an-
euploidy and the relevance of these tests to human
risk, and (3) the current understanding of mechanisms
by which aneuploidy arises. The summary is based on
the presentations given at the workshop. It is hoped
that the summary will stimulate thinking in the vitally
important area of risk assessment and contribute to
the establishment of priorities for basic research, de-
velopment of new test methods, and validation of ex-
isting test approaches. Such research is needed to en-
hance the scientific basis of risk assessment for aneu-
ploidy-producing chemicals.
Keywords: Diseases, Humans, Assessments. Detec
tion, Risk, Reprints, "Risk analysis, "Health risks, 'An-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-1648S2/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Redox Potential and Oxygen Diffusion Rate as Pa-
rameters for Monitoring Biodegradation of Some
Organic Wastes in Soil. Journal article,
Arkansas Univ. at Little Rock.
A. U. Shaikh, R. M. Hawk, R. A. Sims, and H. D. Scott.
C1985, 9p EPA/600/J-85/315
Grant EPA-R-810490
Pub. in Nuclear and Chemical Waste Management, v5
P337-343 1985. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environ-
mental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
The objective of the project was to evaluate control
measurements that might be made at land treatment
sites to determine the effectiveness of operation in the
management of hazardous wastes. Initial studies were
on measurement techniques available for parameters
to serve as indicators of biodegradation for a land
treatment facility. An earlier paper reported results of
comparative studies between wax impregnated graph-
ite electrodes (WIGE) and platinum wire electrodes
(PWE) to determine ODR and redox potential (Eh).
The study indicates that WIGEs are less susceptible to
oxide poisoning, easily fabricated, relatively inexpen-
sive, and more stable in soil than PWEs. The paper re-
ports results of using WIGEs and PWEs to measure Eh
and ODR during biodegradation of glucose and phenol
in a soil environment as compared to determining
actual biodegradation of those compounds by analyti-
cal procedures. (Copyright (c) 1985 Pergamon Press
Ltd.)
Keywords: "Humus, 'Hazardous materials, "Biodeter-
ioration, 'Earth fills, Soils, Monitoring, Effectiveness,
Oxygen, Diffusion, Glucose, Phenol, Reprints, Eh.
PB86-164860/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Measuring Human Exposure to Carbon Monoxide
in Washington, DC., and Denver, Colorado, during
the Winter of 1982-1983. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
G. G. Akland, T. D. Hartwell, T. R. Johnson, and R. W.
Whitmore. C1985,10p EPA/600/J-85/307
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v19
n10 p911-918 Oct 85. Prepared in cooperation with
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.,
and PEI Associates, Inc., Durham, NC.
In the past, no scientifically valid approach for deter-
mining the exposures of an urban population to a pol-
lutant was available. Recently, EPA successfully field
tested two separate but complementary approaches
for determining population exposures to air pollution:
(a) direct measurement of exposure profiles of a repre-
sentative random sample of the population with per-
sonal exposure monitors, and (b) an indirect approach
which combines human activity pattern data with mi-
croenvironmental concentration data to estimate ex-
posure profiles. In the winter of 1982-83, the two ap-
proaches were field tested. The effort provides a rich
human exposuee data base and a methodology that
can be applied to other pollutants and other urban
areas.
Keywords: 'Carbon monoxide, Humans, District of Co-
lumbia, Exposure, Colorado, Reprints, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), Denver(Colorado).
PB86-164878/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Design and Performance of Single-Well Tracer
Tests at the Mobile Site. Journal article,
Auburn Univ., AL. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
F. J. Molz, J. G. Melville, 0. Gueven, R. D. Crocker,
and K. T. Matteson. C1985,9p EPA/600/J-85/294
Pub. in Water Resources Research, v21 nio pi497-
1502 Oct 85. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environ-
mental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
Tracer tests are the most reliable field methods for ob-
taining information describing advection and disper-
sion in aquifers. The paper describes the design and
performance of single-well tracer tests utilizing multile-
vel observation wells at a field site near Mobile, Ala-
bama. In a given observation well, a total of 7 sampling
zones were isolated using inflatable packers and sili-
cone rubber plugs. All Instrumentation was contained
within a removable insert that extended from the well
bottom to the land surface. Results showed that the
sampling zones were well isolated and that sampling
zone mixing was necessary to achieve results that
were independent of probe placement within a given
zone.
Keywords: "Aquifers, 'Dispersing, "Water wells, Field
tests, Experimental design, Observation wells, Sam-
pling, Advection, Bromides, Permeability, Recovery,
Performance evaluation, thickness, Mixing, Trends,
Diagrams, Conductivity, Reprints, "Tracer studies.
PB86-164886/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Influence of Organic Cosolvents on Sorption of
Hydrophobic Organic Chemicals by Soils. Journal
article,
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Soil Science.
P. Nkedi-Kizza, P. S. C. Rao, and A. G. Hornsby.
c1985, 7p EPA/600/J-85/293
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v19
n10 p975-979 Oct 85. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr
Environmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
Sorption of anthracene and two herbicides (diuron and
atrazine) by soils from aqueous solutions and binary
solvent mixtures consisting of methanol-water and ac-
etone-water was measured. These data were used to
evaluate recently proposed solvophobic theory for de-
scribing sorption of hydrophobic molecules from mixed
solvents. As predicted by the theory, the sorption coef-
ficient (K sup M) decreased exponentially with increas-
ing fraction of the organic cosolvent (f sup c) in the
binary solvent mixtures. (Copyright (c) 1985 by the
American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Herbicides, "Soils,
"Sorption, "Waste disposal, Organic solvents, Mix-
tures, Atrazine, Athracene compounds, Aromatic poly-
cyclic compounds, Chlorine organic compounds. Nitro-
gen heterocyalic compounds, Theorems, Land fills.
PB88-164894/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park NC
Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay* for the Detection
of Microbial Antigens and Their Antibodies,
Massachusetts Univ. Medical School, Worcester.
J. E. Herrmann. Mar 86, 53p EPA/600/D-86/051
Grant EPA-R-810803
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The advantages of enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) over
radioactive assay techniques are mainly convenience
in use, in that the labelled immunoreagents are stable
for long periods, and the precautions and disposal pro-
cedures required for radioisotopes are unnecessary. In
addition, the use of chromogenic substrates for the
enzyme labels permits visual interpretation of test re-
sults in some cases. The only real disadvantages of
EIA tests are the loss of antibody reactivity that may
result from conjugation to enzymes, and the limits of
substrate detection. For example, use of enzymes that
have molecular weights higher than that of IgG mole-
cules such as B-D-galactosidase (mw 540,000 dal-
tons) can cause steric hindrance of antibody activity.
With regard to limits of substrate detection, Improve-
ment of enzyme detection by use of fluorogenic, lumi-
nescent, or radioactive substrates has been proposed.
The major emphasis of the report will be on current de-
velopments in EIA methodology and the application of
EIA to diagnosis of infectious diseases.
Keywords: "Antigens, "Antibodies, Detection, Microor-
ganisms, Assaying, "Immunoassays, "Enzyme immun-
oassay, Monoclonal antibodies.
PB86-164902/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Determining Uncertainty In Physical Parameter
Measurements by Monte Carlo Simulation,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. W. Coy, G. A. Kew, M. E. Mullins, and P. V.
Piserchia. Mar 86, 30p EPA/600/D-86/052
Contract EPA-68-03-3149
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment.
A statistical approach, often called Monte Carlo Simu-
lation, has been used to examine propagation of error
with measurement of several parameters important in
predicting environmental transport of chemicals.
These parameters are vapor pressure, water solubility,
octanol-water partition coefficient, and 'volatilization
from water' (based on the ratio of laboratory-measured
volatilization rate constant to oxygen reaeration rate
constant for a specific system). Column chromatogra-
phic and high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC)
methods tend to under-predict aqueous solubility and
vapor pressure and overpredict octanol-water partition
coefficient. Measurement error proves not to be nor-
mally distributed, with differing bias for each parame-
ter. For 'volatilization from water', determination of the
ratio of rate constants for compounds whose Henry's
Law constant equals or exceeds 1,000 torr/mole/liter
typically report 95% confidence limits equal to 5 to 10
percent of the ratio. Analysis of a regression approach
often used to determine the ratio suggests underesti-
mation of both the ratio and its variance. Monte Carlo
Simulation did not confirm underestimation of the ratio
but suggests variances may be under-estimated by a
factor of 2.3. Using the statistical approach in other
cases might allow an investigator to choose levels of a
parameter (e.g. a drinking water standard) knowing the
uncertainty associated with the choice, or the con-
verse.
Keywords: Monte Carlo method, Mathematical predic-
tion, Stochastic processes, Simulation, Errors, "Envi-
ronmental transport, Uncertainty.
PB86-164910/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Analytical Parameterizatlons of Diffusion: The
Convective Boundary Layer. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
G. A. Briggs. 1985,23p EPA/600/J-85/314
Pub. in Jnl. of Climate and Applied Meteorology, v24
n11 p1167-1186 Nov 85.
A brief review is made of data bases which have been
used for developing diffusion parameterizations for the
convective boundary layer (CBL). A variety of parame-
terizations for lateral and vertical dispersion, (sigma
sub) and (sigma sub z), are surveyed; some of these
include mechanical turbulence, source height, or buoy-
ancy effects. Recommendations are made for choos-
ing among these alternatives, depending on the type
of source. Because observations of passive plumes in-
dicate that the Gaussian model does a poor job of de-
scribing vertical diffusion in the C8L, alternative
models for predicting dimensionless crosswind inte-
grated ground concentration, are reviewed and com-
pared.
Keywords: "Atmospheric diffusion, Atmospheric
models, Plumes, Reprints, "Convective boundary
layer, Convection(Atmospheric), Atmospheric bounda-
ry layer.
PB86-164928/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Chromatographic Perspective of High-Perform-
ance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.
Journal article,
Northeastern Univ., Boston, MA.
B. L. Karger, and P. Vouros. c1985,23p EPA/600/J-
85/283
Pub. in Jnl. of Chromatography 323, n1 p13-32,17 Apr
85. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.,
Athens, GA.
The coupling of high-performance liquid chromatogra-
phy with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) is today a rap-
idly advancing field. In the paper, the chromatographic
aspects of this coupling are reviewed. It is shown that
the quantitative evaluation of resulting chromato-
grams, based on centralized second moment calcula-
tions of the bands rather than visual comparison with
UV chromatograms, is required. The criteria for mini-
mum influence on column performance by the inter-
face and mass spectrometer are presented. Based on
these principles, recent developments in HPLC
column design are examined for their impact on HPLC-
MS. Included in these developments are high-speed
separations, as a consequence of small particle diam-
eter (3 micrometers) columns and narrow tube diame-
ter (micropacked) columns. In the latter case, the use
of 200 micrometers fused-sllica capillary columns with
small particle diameter supports appears particularly
promising. Finally, an assessment of the utility of post-
column chemistries In HPLC-MS is given. The combi-
nation of these chromatographic developments with
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
those of MS makes the future of HPLC-MS appear to
be quite bright.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, Chromatographic anal-
ysis, Mass spectroscopy, Reprints, "Liquid chromatog-
raphy.
PB86-164936/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Acid Rain on Apple Tree Productivity
and Fruit Quality. Journal article,
New York State Agricultural Experiment Station,
Geneva. Dept. of Pomology and Viticulture.
P. L. Forsline, R. C. Musselman, W. J. Kender, and R.
J. Dee. C1983, 7p EPA/600/J-83/329
Pub. in Jnl. of the American Society for Horticultural
Science 108, n1 p70-74 Jan 83. Sponsored by Corval-
lis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Mature 'Mcintosh', 'Empire', and 'Golden Delicious'
apple trees (Malus domestica) were sprayed with sim-
ulated acid rain solutions in the pH range of 2.5 to 5.5
at full bloom in 1980 and 1981. In 1981, weekly sprays
were applied at pH 2.75 and pH 3.25. Necrotic lesions
developed on apple petals at pH 2.5 with slight injury
appearing at pH 3.0 and 3.5. Apple foliage had no acid
rain lesions at any of the pH levels tested. Pollen ger-
mination was reduced at pH 2.5 in 'Empire'. Slight fruit
set reduction at pH 2,5 was observed in 'Mcintosh'.
Even at the lowest pH levels no detrimental effects of
simulated acid rain were found on apple tree productiv-
ity and fruit quality when measured as fruit set, seed
number per fruit, and fruit size and appearance.
Keywords: "Growth, "Apple trees, "Air pollution,
"Water pollution, Tests, pH, Vegetation, Injuries, Ger-
mination, Pollen, Reduction, Maturation, Spraying, Re-
prints, "Acid rain, Air pollution effects(Plants), Water
pollution effects(Plants).
PB86-164944/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effect of Simulated Acid Rain on Nitrification and
Nitrogen Mineralization in Forest Soils. Journal ar-
ticle,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. Dept. of Agronomy.
R. F. Strayer, C. J. Lin, and M. Alexander. c1981, 7p
EPA/600/J-81 / 695
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality, v10 n4 p547-551
Apr 81. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
To determine the possible microbiological changes in
soil resulting from acid rain, columns containing sam-
ples of forest soils were leached with either a continu-
ous application of 100cm of simulated acid rain
(pH3.2-4.1) at 5 cm/hour or an intermittent 1.5-hour
application of 1.2 cm of simulated acid rain twice
weekly for 19 weeks. The upper 1.0- to 1.5-cm portions
of soil from treated columns were used to determine
the changes in inorganic N levels in the soil. Nitrifica-
tion of added ammonium (NH4(+)) was inhibited fol-
lowing continuous exposure of soil to simulated acid
rain of pH 4.1-3.2. The extent of the inhibition was di-
rectly related to the acidity of the simulated rain solu-
tions. The production of inorganic N in the absence of
added NH(+) was either stimulated or unaffected fol-
lowing continuous treatment of soils with pH 3.2 simu-
lated acid rain. The addition of nitrapyrine, an inhibitor
of autotrophic nitrification, caused a decrease in nitrifi-
cation in water-treated soil but had little effect on nitrifi-
cation in soil treated with pH 3.2 simulated acid rain.
Keywords: "Nitrification, "Soil microbiology, "Forest
land, Acidity, Leaching, Simulation, pH, Nitrogen inor-
ganic compounds, Ammonium compounds, Exposure,
Loams, Inhibitors, Neutralizers, Inorganic nitrates, Re-
prints, "Acid precipitation, Nitrapyrine.
PB86-164951/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Biogeochemistry of Aluminum in McDonalds
Branch Watershed, New Jersey Pine Barrens.
Journal article,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
R. S. Turner, A. H. Johnson, and D. Wang. c1985,14p
EPA/600/J-85/284
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality, v14 n3 p314-323
Jul/Sep 85. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
Aluminum concentrations, fluxes, and storage were
measured in the vegetation, forest floor, and acid,
sandy mineral soil of a forested watershed in the New
Jersey Pine Barrens. Volume-weighted mean Al con-
centrations in solution increased as water passed
through the upland ecosystem, from 0.012 mg/l in bulk
precipitation to 0.14 mg/l in throughfall to 0.45 mg/l in
E horizon mineral soil, 0.60 mg/l in the B horizon, and
0.73 mg/l in the C horizon. Weighted mean Al concen-
tration of the stream water was 0.15 mg/l. Solution Al
concentrations in different compartments of the eco-
system were related to the magnitude of moisture flux,
dissolved organic carbon concentration, and pH. Soil
solution and stream water Al concentration were high
in the winter and spring and low in the summer and fall,
inversely following solution pH.
Keywords: "Aluminum, "Soils, "Forest land, "Streams
pollution, Concentration(Composition), Soil horizons,
Soil water, Seasonal variations, pH, Flushing, Vegeta-
tion, Carbon, Organic compounds, Watersheds, New
Jersey, Sampling, Reprints, "Acid precipitation. Eco-
systems.
PB86-164969/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Analysis and Interpretation of Single-Weil Tracer
Tests in Stratified Aquifers. Journal article,
Auburn Univ., AL. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
O. Gueven, R. W. Falta, F. J. Molz, and J. G. Melville.
c1985,11 p EPA/600/J-85/285
Pub. in Water Resources Research, v21 n5 p676-684
May 85. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental
Research Lab., Ada, OK.
The study deals with the definition and measurement
of the dispersive properties of aquifers. Knowledge of
such dispersive properties are of fundamental impor-
tance to the evaluation, analysis, and simulation of
contaminant migration in groundwater. In the single-
well test described here, a tracer is pumped into the
formation for a period of time and then pumped out.
Concentration data are obtained from the injection-
withdrawal well and from one or more sampling-obser-
vation wells. Results show that the movement of an in-
jected tracer in a stratified aquifer may be accurately
simulated without resorting to the use of a scale-de-
pendent, full aquifer dispersivity if the flow field is
known in sufficient detail. (Copyright (c) 1985 by the
American Geophysical Union.)
Keywords: "Water wells, "Aquifers, "Water pollution,
Ground water, Dispersing, Injection wells, Observation
wells, Mathematical models, Hydraulic conductivity,
Volume, Field tests, Advection, Flow distribution,
Graphs(Charts), Reprints, "Tracer studies, "Path of
pollutants, SWADM model.
PB86-164977/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Design
Information Report: Consideration of First-Stage
Organic Overloading in Rotating Biological Con-
tactor Design. Journal article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
F. L. Evans. 1985, 8p EPA/600/J-85/288
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
v57 n11 p1094-1098 Nov 85.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has under-
taken the development of a series of reports identify-
ing specific deficiencies in the design of wastewater
treatment facilities and presenting corrective solutions
to avoid the error or to solve the problem. The report
describes problems that are associated with organic
overloading of Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC)
units, presents an analysis of field data from RBC
treatment plants identified as experiencing problems
associated with organic overloading, and suggests
design concerns that should be recognized in order to
avoid RBC organic overloading and its associated
process performance and equipment problems. Any
one of a range of organic loading values for design
may be used, the magnitude of wnich depends upon
the risk of failure that trie designer is willing to assume.
Keywords: "Contractors, "Sewage treatment, Design
criteria. Performance evaluation, Removal, Biochemi-
cal oxygen demand, Tests, Biomass, Thickness, Re-
prints, "Organic loading, Rotating disk process.
PB86-164985/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Growth Changes of Apple Seedlings In Response
to Simulated Acid Rain. Journal article,
New York State Agricultural Experiment Station,
Geneva. Dept. of Pomology and Viticulture.
P. L. Forsline, R. J. Dee, and R. E. Melious. C1983,8p
EPA/600/J-83/330
Pub. in Jnl. of the American Society for Horticultural
Science 108, n2 p202-207 Feb 83. Sponsored by Cor-
vallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
In a greenhouse experiment, Malus hupehensis seed-
lings were treated weekly with simulated acid rain solu-
tions ranging from pH 2.25 to pH 7.0. Necrotic lesions
developed on leaves at pH 2.25 and pH 2.50 immedi-
ately after the first application at the 8-node stage. Fol-
lowing the 9th weekly application on seedlings with 23
to 26 nodes, lesions developed at pH levels up to 3.25.
At final destructive harvest, 20% of the leaf area at pH
2.25 and 8% of the leaf area at pH 2.50 was injures.
Significant growth reduction occured at these 2 pH
levels. Regression analysis indicated extensive growth
inhibition at pH 3.0, no growth inhibition around pH 3.5,
some inhibition between pH 4.5 and pH 5.6, and
normal growth at pH 7.0 in comparison to the uns-
prayed control. Growth was negatively correlated with
lesion formation at 3 destructive harvest dates.
Keywords: "Growth, "Apple trees, "Air pollution,
"Water pollution, Injuries, Foliage, pH, Inhibitors,
Leaves(Botany), Greenhouses, Sensitivity, Compari-
son, Photosynthesis, Reprints, "Acid rain, Water pollu-
tion effects(Plants), Air pollution effects(Plants).
PB86-164993/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
HIgh-Performance Liquid Chromatography of Nl-
trophenols with a Swept-Potential Electrochemi-
cal Detector. Journal article,
Georgia Inst, of Tech., Atlanta. School of Chemistry.
J. J. Scanlon, P. A. Flaquer, G. W. Robinson, G. E.
O'Brien, and P. E. Sturrock. c1984,12p EPA/600/J-
84/358
Pub. in Analytica Chimica Acta 158, n2 pi 69-177, 15
Apr 84. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.,
Athens, GA.
The advantages of a swept-potential electrochemical
detector are demonstrated by application to the high-
performance liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.) of nitro-
phenols. The primary advantage of the detector is that
an additional dimension of information is obtained
which can be used to help identify a chromatographic
peak and help to resolve overlapping peaks. The de-
tector retains the selectivity of a differential-pulse de-
tector and yet is general enough to minimize the time
for development of new procedures and to detect true
unknowns. The h.p.l.c. of nitrophenols was studied on
C-18 reverse-phase columns, with methanol-acetate
buffer mobile phases. Selectivity factors of the mono-
nitrophenols are independent of the composition of
the mobile phase from pH 3.25 to 6.00 and from 40 to
55% methanol. The selectivity factors of dinitrophen-
ols are highly dependent on pH. Limits of detection
depend on many parameters but are approximately 1
ng injected for the nitrophenols.
Keywords: High resolution, Electrochemistry, Reprints,
"Nitrophenols, "Liquid chromatography, "Electro-
chemical detector.
PB66-165008/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Simulated Acidic Rain Applied Alone
and in Combination with Ambient Rain on Growth
and Yield of Field-Grown Snap Bean. Journal arti-
cle,
Boyce Thompson Inst, for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY.
J. Troiano, J. S. Jacobson, and L. Heller. c1984,15p
EPA/600/J-84/359
Pub. in Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 11,
p161 -172 Nov 84. Sponsored by Corvallis Environ-
mental Research Lab., OR.
Field-grown snap bean plants were treated with simu-
lated acidic rain applied either alone or in combination
with ambient rain and the effects on growth and yield
were determined. In plots where ambient rain was ex-
cluded, a retractable canopy was activated to shield
the crop. Four levels of acidity at pH values of 5.0,4.2
3.4 and 2.6 were applied in four replicate treatments
and the experiment was conducted in two successive
years (1981 and 1982). In plots that received only sim-
ulated rain, yield was not adversely affected by acidic
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
rain; in 1981, a positive linear relationship was present
between acidity of simulated rain and yield, but in
1981, no effect was found. In contrast, in plots that re-
ceived both simulated and ambient rain, a negative
linear relationship between acidity in simulated rain
and yield was observed in both years.
Keywords: "Acidity, *Bean plants, "Growth, "Water
pollution, "Air pollution, Field tests, Yield, pH, Simula-
tion, Periodic variations, Water supply, "Acid rain,
"Phaseolus vulgaris, Water pollution effects(Plants).
PB86-165057/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Evaluation of Asbestos Abatement Techniques.
Phase 1. Removal. Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Div., Washington, DC.
J. Chesson, D. P. Maraeson, J. Ogden, N. G.
Reichenbach, and K. Bauer Oct 85, 211 p* EPA/560/
5-85/019
Contract EPA-68-01-6721
Prepared in cooperation with Midwest Research Inst.,
Kansas City, MO., and Research Triangle Inst., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Sponsored by Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Washington. DC. Office of Toxic
Substances.
Airborne asbestos levels were measured by transmis-
sion electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron mi-
croscopy (SEM) and phase constrast microscopy
(PCM) before, during and after removal of sprayed-on
acoustical plaster from the ceilings of four suburban
schools. Air samples were collected at three types of
sites: indoor sites with asbestos-containing material
(ACM), indoor sites without ACM (indoor control), and
sites outside the building (outdoor control). Bulk sam-
ples of the ACM were collected prior to the removal
and analyzed by polarized light microscopy (PLM), A
vigorous quality assurance program was applied to all
aspects of the study. Airborne asbestos levels were
low before and after removal. Elevated, but still rela-
tively low levels were measured outside the work area
during removal. This emphasizes the need for careful
containment of the work area.
Keywords: "Asbestos, "Air pollution control, "School
buildings, Electron microscopy, Hazardous materials,
Inspection, Removal, "Toxic substances, "Indoor air
pollution.
PBB6-165362/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Drum Handling Practices at Hazardous Waste
Sites. Final rept. Nov 81-Feb 83,
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
K. Wagner, R. Wetzel, H. Bryson, C. Furman, and A.
Wickline. Jan 86,191 p EPA/600/2-86/013
Contract EPA-68-03-3113
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The purpose of the research effort was to provide
technical guidance on planning and implementing safe
and cost-effective response actions applicable to haz-
ardous waste sites containing drums. The manual pro-
vides detailed technical guidance on methods, proce-
dures, and equipment suitable for removing drummed
wastes. Information is included on locating buried
drum; excavation and onsite transfer; drum staging,
opening, and sampling; waste consolidation; and tem-
porary storage and shipping. Each of these operations
is discussed in terms of the equipment and procedures
used in carrying out specific activities; health and
safety procedures; measures for protecting the envi-
ronment and public welfare; and factors affecting
costs. Information is also included on the applications
and limitations of the following remedial measures for
controlling or containing migration of wastes: surface
capping, surface water controls, groundwater pump-
ing, subsurface drains, slurry walls, and in-situ treat-
ment techniques.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Solid waste dispos-
al, "Handling, Manuals, Cost effectiveness, Planning,
Implementation, Safety, Drums, "Waste management,
Land disposal, 'Liquid waste disposal.
PB86-165990/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
High Temperature Destruction of Hazardous
Waste Practice, Performance, Prospects,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
I. J. Licis. Feb 86,19p EPA/600/D-86/046
The paper discusses the practice of destroying haz-
ardous waste by incineration and other high tempera-
ture processes, the research that has been performed
in the area, and the future plans and prospects associ-
ated with these activities. The results of the research
program to date have indicated that, in general, prop-
erly operated, high temperature processes, can attain
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards for
destruction and removal of organics contained in the
tested hazardous waste (destruction and removal effi-
ciency greater than 99.99%). Effective control (99%
removal) of HCI emissions was also attained in facili-
ties handling chlorinated organic waste. The EPA
standard for particulates (180 mg/dry m3) was the
most difficult to achieve. Several of the tested facilities
contained particulates in stak gas at significantly
higher concentrations. Current EPA regulatory activi-
ties center on prohibition of hazardous wastes from
land disposal. The promulgation of these regulations is
expected to put increased emphasis on high tempera-
ture destruction methods, although the rate of these
changes will be highly susceptible to many market fac-
tors. public acceptance and the specific regulations
themselves.
Keywords: "Hazardous waste, "Incineration, "Thermal
degradation, Degradation, Pyrolysis, Air pollution con-
trol, Regulations, High temperature, Particulates.
PB86-166006/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
United States Practice in Sludge Treatment and
Disposal,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
J. B. Farrell. Feb 86, 29p" EPA/600/D-86/043
Sludge treatment and disposal problems and costs
grow with increased concern about the quality of
wastewater treatment. As standards for effluent quality
in the United States have become stricter, the prob-
lems of sludge treatment and disposal have grown dis-
proportionately. Today the costs of sludge treatment
and disposal at a modern metropolitan sewage treat-
ment plant represent almost half the cost of
wastewater treatment. Sludge problems, although of
serious concern everywhere, are different for different
locations. The approach to sludge handling and the
solution to problems depends on geography, climate,
population, proportion and nature of industrial wastes
in the wastewater, and local details (e.g., proximity of
hills, rivers, residences, farmland, landfills, strip-mined
land). The report scans U.S. practice and identifies the
predominant and more successful approaches to
sludge treatment and disposal that have developed
over the years.
Keywords: 'Sludge digestion, "Sludge disposal,
"United States, Economic factors, Standards, Volume,
Cost analysis, Materials handling, Climate, Popula-
tions, Rivers, Earth fills, Strip mining, Trends, Accept-
ability, History, Sludge treatment.
PB86-166014/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Microbial Activity in Composting Municipal
Sewage Sludge. Final rept.,
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
J. R. Vestal, and V. L. McKinley. Feb 86,129p EPA/
600/2-86/025
Grant EPA-R-807852
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Research was conducted to identify the most impor-
tant operational parameters which limit the growth and
decomposition activity of composting sludge micro-
biota. Sensitive and nonselective biochemical meth-
ods of monitoring microbial biomass and activity were
tested and used to study the interactions between the
microbial communities and temperature, the primary
factor affecting their activity during composting. Opti-
mum temperatures for microbial activity and biomass
were generally within the 35 to 55 degree range. Bio-
kinetic analyses revealed that compost samples from
low-temperature (25 to 45 degrees C) areas of the pile
had much greater microbial activity (14C) substrates
than did samples from high temperature (60 to 75 de-
grees C) areas. The microbial communities became
better adapted to increasing temperatures as com-
posting progressed, but their temperature optimum
was never greater than 55 C. Biomass was monitored
by measuring the lipid phosphate content (an impor-
tant cell membrane component) of the compost.
Keywords: "Composts, "Microorganism
control(Sewage), "Sludge digestion, "Municipalities,
Decomposition, Monitoring, Biochemistry, Tempera-
ture, Biomass, Lipids, Moisture content, Organic com-
pounds, Proteins.
PB86-166030/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Groundwater Mass Transport and Equilibrium
Chemistry Model for Multicomponent Systems.
Journal article,
Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
G. A. Cederberg, R. L. Street, and J. O. Leckie. C1985,
13p EPA/600/J-85/292
Grant EPA-R-808851
Pub. in Water Resources Research, v21 n8 p1095-
1104 Aug 85. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environ-
mental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
A mass transport model, TRANQL, for a multicompon-
ent solution system has been developed. The equilibri-
um interaction chemistry is posed independently of the
mass transport equations which leads to a set of alge-
braic equations for the chemistry coupled to a set of
differential equations for the mass transport. Signifi-
cant equilibrium chemical reactions such as complexa-
tion, ion exchange, competitive adsorption, and disso-
ciation of water may be included in TRANQL. Here, a
finite element solution is presented first for cadmium,
chloride, and bromide transport in a one-dimensional
column where complexation and sorption are consid-
ered. Second, binary and ternary ion exchange are
modeled and compared to the results of other investi-
gators. (Copyright (c) 1985 by the American Geophysi-
cal Union.)
Keywords: 'Mass flow, "Ground water, "Water pollu-
tion, Chemical equilibrium, Chemical reactions, Ion ex-
changing, Mathematical models, Cadmium, Chlorides,
Bromides, Adsorption, Metals, Liquids, "Path of pollut-
ants, Finite element method, TRANQL model.
PB86-166048/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Soil Sorption of Organic Vapors and Effects of
Humidity on Sorptlve Mechanism and Capacity.
Journal article,
Geological Survey, Denver, CO.
C. T. Chiou, and T. D. Shoup. c1985,8p EPA/600/J-
85/291
Grant EPA-R-808046
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v19
n12 P1196-1200 Dec 85. Prepared In cooperation with
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Sponsored by Corvallis
Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Vapor sorption isotherms on dry Woodburn soil at 20-
30C were determined for benzene, chlorobenzene, p-
dichlorobenzene, m-dichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-trichloro-
benzene, and water as single vapors and for benzene,
m-dichlorobenzene, and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene as
functions of relative humidity (RH). Isotherms for all
compounds on dry soil samples are distinctively non-
linear, with water showing the greatest capacity. Water
vapor sharply reduced trie sorption capacities of or-
ganic compounds with the dry soil; on water-saturated
soil, the reduction was about 2 orders of magnitude.
The markedly higher sorption on organic vapors at
subsaturation humidities is attributed to adsorption on
the mineral matter, which predominates over the si-
multaneous uptake by partition into the organic matter.
At about 90% RH, the sorption capacities of organic
compounds become comparable to those in aqueous
systems. The effect of humidity is attributed to adsorp-
tive displacement by water of organics adsorbed on
the mineral matter. (Copyright (c) 1985 American
Chemical Society.)
Keywords: "Organic compounds, 'Vapor phases, "Hu-
midity, "Sorption, "Soil chemistry,
Concentration(Composition), Benzene, Chloroben-
zenes, Water vapor, Displacement reactions, Isoth-
erms, Mixtures, Nutrients, Mathematical models, Pesti-
cides, Extraction, Reprints, Dry soils.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-166055/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
Survey of Research on Environmental Pollution -
Its Sources, Fate, Effects and Control, 1984. Final
rept. Dec 84-Mar 85,
Alabama Univ., University. Bureau of Engineering Re-
searCh
I. A. Jefcoat. Mar 86,78p BER-345-121, EPA/600/8-
86/009
Grant EPA-R-811632
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Environmental Engineering
and Technology.
The Environmental Research Committee of the AlChE,
a joint committee of the AlChE Environmental Division
and of the AlChE Research Committee, conducted a
survey of environmentally related research and/or
design projects in progress at U.S. Colleges and Uni-
versities. Of interest was how the research effort had
changed or shifted from a previous 1973 survey and
what were the perceived environmental research and
design needs of the respondents. Based on the project
information received, the identified research design
needs submitted, and observations made from the
survey the following conclusions were made: There
has been a dramatic decrease in environmental re-
search activity involving chemical engineering princi-
ples over the past decade as measured by the number
of active projects reported. Pollution control technolo-
gy is the area with the greatest perceived need and the
greatest current effort; Water pollution control projects
outnumber air pollution control projects by a factor of
2:1; The lowest emphasis is on legal and economic
problems; Greater emphasis should be placed on
chemical and biological effects and interactions, envi-
ronmental modeling, pollutant detection, measure-
ment and analytical methods.
Keywords: 'Research projects, 'Pollution, Surveys,
Data, "Environment pollution, Water pollution control,
Pollution control, Environment models.
PB86-166063/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Use of Watershed Characteristics to Select Con-
trol Streams for Estimating Effects of Metal
Mining Wastes on Extensively Disturbed Streams.
Journal article,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Ecology,
Ethology and Evolution.
R. M. Hughes. C1985,13p EPA/600/J-85/290
Pub. in Environmental Management, v9 n3 p253-262
1985. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
Impacts of sediments and heavy metals on the biota of
streams in the copper-mining district of southwestern
Montana were examined by comparing aquatic com-
munities of impacted streams with those of control
streams. Control streams were chosen through the
use of a technique that identifies similar streams based
on similarities in their watershed characteristics. Signif-
icant differences between impacted and control sites
existed for surface substrate, riparian vegetation, and
the number of macro-invertebrate taxa. (Copyright (c)
1985 Springer-Verlag New York inc.)
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Mine waters, 'Stream pollution,
Copper ores, Watersheds, Environmental impacts,
Trout, Comparison, Sediments, Animal ecology, Vege-
tation, Sampling, Prickly Pear Creek, Silver Bow River,
Montana. Reprints, 'Ecosystems, Habitats, Riparian
streams.
PB86-166287/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Description of the Savannah River Laboratory Me-
teorological Data Base for 1975 to 1979. Final
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J S. Irwin, T. M. Asbury, and W. B. Petersen. Mar 86,
116p EPA/600/3-86/017
Prepared in cooperation with National Oceanic and At-
mospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD. Air Re-
sources Lab.
A summary is presented of a meteorological data set
collected during the period 1975 to 1979 by the Mete-
orology Group of the Savannah River Laboratory at the
WJBF tower located 11 km southeast of Augusta,
Georgia and 23 km southwest of Aiken, South Caroli-
na. These data contain 15 minute averages and stand-
552 Vol. 90, No. 24
ard deviations of temperature, horizontal wind speed
and wind direction, and vertical wind direction. The
data were collected at seven elevations above ground,
10, 35, 91, 137, 182, 243 and 304 meters. The format
of the data base is presented and a summary is given
of the analyses conducted in the course of processing
these data.
Keywords: 'Meteorological data. Wind velocity, Wind
direction, Diurnal variations, Seasonal variations, Data
processing, Atmospheric temperature, Surface rough-
ness, Graphs(Charts), Tables(Oata), 'Data bases.
PB86-166303/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Method
Study 33: Ignitablllty Characteristics of Solids,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. W. Handy, L. C. Michael, C. E. McLaughlin, and E.
D. Pellizzari. Feb 86,54p EPA/600/4-86/015
Contract EPA-66-03-3099
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring and Support
Lab.-Cincinnati, OH.
The objective of the research was to conduct an inter-
laboratory study to estimate the precision of three
ignitability test methods for solid wastes: radiant heat
ignition, flame propagation and water extinguishability.
The study consisted of two phases. The first phase in-
volved the replicate measurements of two well charac-
terized test materials and a reference material by nine
laboratories. The second phase included similar repli-
cate measurements of seven varied test materials by
up to five laboratories. The study results indicated that
not all sample types are amenable to measurement by
each test. Although all of the procedures showed
some deficiency, tne test results indicated that, with
some changes in test chamber design they are poten-
tially useful as routine methods.
Keywords: 'Ignition, Characteristics, Combustion, Ra-
diant heating, Flammability, Fire extinguishing agents,
Water, 'Solid waste disposal.
PB86-166311/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Radiation Data, Report 42, April-
June 1985.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Sep 85,55p EPA/520/5-85/031
See also PB86-141959.
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) contains data
from the Environmental Radiation Ambient Monitoring
System (ERAMS). Data from similar networks operat-
ed by contributing States. Canada, Mexico, and the
Pan American Health Organization are reported in the
ERD when available. The ERAMS is comprised of na-
tionwide sampling stations that provide air, surface
and drinking water, and milk samples from which envi-
ronmental radiation levels are derived. Sampling loca-
tions are selected to provide optimal population cover-
age while functioning to monitor fallout from nuclear
devices and other forms of radioactive contamination
of the environment. The radiation analyses performed
on these samples include gross alpha and gross beta
levels, gamma analyses for fission products, and spe-
cific analyses for uranium, plutonium, stronium, iodine,
radium, krypton, and tritium.
Keywords: 'Radioactivity, Radioactive contaminants,
Airborne wastes, Surface water, Potable water, Milk,
Kryton 85, Strontium 90.
PB86-166345/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Acid Precipitation In North America: 1983 Annual
Data Summary from Acid Deposition System Data
Base,
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
A. R. Olsen, and A. L. Slavich. Dec 85,193p EPA/600/
4-85/061
Contract DE-AC06-76RLO1830
See also PB85-162477. Prepared in cooperation with
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA. Spon-
sored by Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The report gives a summary of 1983 wet deposition
precipitation chemistry data collected in North America
and available in the Acid Deposition System (ADS)
data base. North American wet deposition monitoring
networks with data in ADS are NADP/NTN, CANSAP
APN, UAPSP, MAP3S/PCN, WISC, and APIOS. An
overview of each network is given. Annual statistical
summaries for 1983 are provided for pH, specific con-
ductance, hydrogen ion (derived from pH), and the ion
species sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, calcium, chloride,
sodium, magnesium and potassium. Based on the
annual summaries, 1983 North American spatial iso-
pleth maps are conslructed for precipitation weighted
mean pH, sulfate, nitrate and ammonium ion concen-
trations, and annual deposition of hydrogen, sulfate
and nitrate and ammonium ion species.
Keywords: "Information systems, "Air pollution, pH,
Ion, Sulfates, Inorganic nitrates, Ammonia, Data, Sam-
pling, North American, "Acid deposition system, "Acid
rain, Wet deposition.
PB86-166352/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Manual for Identification of Marine Invertebrates:
A Guide to Some Common Estuarlne Macroinver-
tebrates of the Big Bend Region, Tampa Bay,
Florida. Final rept.,
Conservation Consultants, Inc., Palmetto, FL.
J. K. Culter. Jan 86,207p EPA/600/4-86/002
Contract EPA-CA-8-3159-A
See PB-227 183. Sponsored by Environmental Moni-
toring and Support Lab.-Cincinnati, OH
In the guide, fourteen of the most commonly encoun-
tered marine animal phyla are presented by 233 taxa
(196 species). Many of the species have wide distribu-
tion, including large regions of the Gulf of Mexico as
well as portions of the southeast Atlantic coast. The
guide presents the following: a list of taxa, photo-
graphs and descriptions for identifying each species,
techniques of collection, preservation, and storage, a
glossary, and bibliographies with references cited In
the text and other publications which provide addition-
al information on taxonomy and ecology.
Keywords: 'Invertebrates, 'Marine biology, Taxono-
my, Estuaries, Spatial distribution, Photographs, Identi-
fying, Tampa Bay, Mexico Gulf, Manuals, Collecting
methods, Florida.
PB88-166378/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Risk of Infectious Disease from Use of Sludge on
Land and Methods to Reduce These Risks,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
J. B. Farrell. Feb 86, 16p EPA/600/D-86/038
Virtually all of the infectious organisms in wastewater
end up in the sludge removed in the course of
wastewater treatment. The health risks to humans
when sludges are applied to land depend on the densi-
ties of these organisms, reductions that occur when
the sludge is processed, the hardiness of the orga-
nisms on or in the land surfaces, and the available
pathways to man. The presentation discusses each of
these issues for pathogenic bacteria, viruses, proto-
zoa, and helminths. The combination of sludge proc-
essing requirements and other controls, such as con-
trol of access and type of crops growing, used by the
U.S. EPA in their regulations governing sludge use on
land are presented and discussed.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Toxicology, Risk, Feasi-
bility studies, Assessments, Methodology, Exposure,
'Health risks, "Toxic substances.
PB88-186485/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Triethylene Glycol on 'Mysldopsla
bahia' (Crustacea: Mysidacea) and 'Menidla penin-
sula#' (Pisces: Atherlnldae). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
R. M. Montgomery, J. Forester, and C. N. D'Asaro.
C1985,9p EPA/600/D-86/034
Pub. in American Society for Testing and Materials
Symposium (8th): Aquatic Toxicology and Ha2ard As-
sessment, ASTM STP 891, p270-276 1985. Prepared
in cooperation with University of West Florida, Pensa-
cola.
Chronic effects of triethylene glycol (TEG), a chemical
frequently used as a carrier-solvent in toxicity tests
were investigated in a 23-day life-cycle toxicity test
with a mysid (Mysldopsis bahia) and in a 28-day eariv
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
(Menidia peninsulae). The authors concluded that no
direct adverse effect should be expected as a result of
using TEG at concentrations as high as 100,000 times
(mysids) and 360 times (tidewater silversides) those
recommended in ASTM drafts of standard practices
(less than or equal to 0.01 microliter/L in Mysidopsis
bahia life-cycle tests and less than or equal to 0.01 mi-
croliter/L in tests with early life-stages of Menidia pen-
insulae) and that either a seawater or a TEG control
may not be necessary.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Solvents, Fishes, Crustacea,
Reprints, Glycol/triethylene, Mysidopsis bahia, Meni-
dia peninsulae, 'Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB86-166626/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Indoor Air Quality Modeling, Phase 1 Report.
Framework for Development of General Models,
National Bureau of Standards (NEL), Gaithersburg,
MD. Building Physics Div.
P. McNall, G. Walton, S. Silberstein, J. Axley, and K.
Ishiguro. Oct 85,65p NBSIR-85/3265
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The report presents a framework for the development
of a model for predicting the indoor air pollutant con-
centrations in a variety of building types under practical
conditions of weather, building occupancy, building
construction and pollutant source strength. The gener-
al concepts needed for developing an indoor air quality
model are treated. Examples of the current state of
indoor air quality models are given. The pollutants dis-
cussed are formaldehyde, radon, nitrogen oxides, to-
bacco smoke, particulates, carbon dioxide, and carbon
monoxide.
Keywords: 'Ventilation, 'Air pollution, Models, Circula-
tion, Development, Predictions, Formaldehyde,
Radon, Nitrogen oxides, Smoke, Particulates, Carbon
dioxide, Carbon monoxide, 'Indoor air pollution.
PB86-166741/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Reburning Thermal and Chemical Processes in a
Two-Dimensional Pilot-Scale System. Rept. for
May 83-Jun 84,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
W. S. Lanier, J. A, Mulholland, and J. T. Beard. Mar 86,
26p EPA/600/D-86/048
Prepared in cooperation with Virginia Univ., Charlottes-
ville. Dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,
and Energy and Environmental Research Corp.,
Chapel Hill, NC. Eastern Operations Office.
The paper describes an experimental investigation of
the thermal and chemical processes influencing NOx
reduction by natural gas reburning in a two-dimension-
al pilot-scale combustion system. Reburning effective-
ness for initial NOx levels of 50-500 ppm and reburn
stoichiometric ratios of 0.75-1.0 is evaluated in the low
temperature environment (< 1500K) and simple aero-
dynamics of a firetube package boiler. Both input/out
and in-flame sampling trials are reported to provide in-
sight into the controlling kinetic mechanisms. An over-
all reaction order between 1.5 and 1.6 was observed
with respect to initial NO. N2 formation is observed to
occur in both the fuel-rich reburning and fuel-lean
burnout zones. NO destruction in the reburning zone Is
attributed to the reaction CH + NO yields HCN + O;
< 1 ppm CH radical is required to produce the ob-
served trends in nitrogenous species. Burnout zone
N2 formation is influenced by total fixed nitrogen spe-
ciation with low fractional conversion of HCN and NH3.
Under low primary NO conditions, the reaction CH +
N2 yields HCN -i- N becomes important and is a con-
tributor to reduced reburning effectiveness.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Nitrogen oxides,
'Combustion, Natural gas, Reaction kinetics, 'Reburn-
ing.
PB86-166758/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Validation of OH Radical Reaction Rate Constant
Test Protocol. Final rept. Jul 84-Aug 85,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
E. O. Edney, and E. W. Corse. Feb B6,39p EPA/600/
3-86/013
Contract EPA-68-02-4033
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
A study was conducted to evaluate the OH rate con-
stant measurement protocol developed by research-
ers at the University of California at Riverside. The pro-
tocol, which is a relative rate method, was used to
measure room temperature OH rate constants for a
series of low molecular weight, high volatility com-
pounds that consists of examples from alkane, alkene,
aromatic, oxygen-containing compound, and chlorinat-
ed compound classes. OH rate constants were deter-
mined for 21 compounds. The rate constants were
compared with literature values. The OH rate con-
stants obtained are in good agreement with literature
values for all classes of compounds except for chlorin-
ated compounds where rate constants had not been
previously determined for most of the compounds
studied. The protocol can be used to determine OH
rate constants as low as 0.5 x 10 to the minus 12
power cu.cm./molecule-sec. The results obtained for
chlorinated compounds suggest that CI reactions can
interfere with the OH rate constant determination.
Keywords: 'Reaction kinetics, 'Organic compounds,
'Air pollution. Experimental design, Chemical reaction,
Nitrogen oxides, Laboratory equipment, Fluoreccence,
Irradiation, 'Hydroxyl radicals, 'Atmospheric chemis-
try.
PB86-166915/HSll	PC A02/MF A01
Innovative Thermal Treatment Processes,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
H. M. Freeman. Feb 86,20p EPA/600/D-86/044
The paper contains discussions of several innovative
thermal processes for treating or destroying hazardous
wastes. Processes discussed can be included in the
categories wet oxidation, molten glass, fluidized bed
incineration, pyrolysis, molten salt, electric reactors,
and plasma systems. The subject processes are
among those new processes generating interest in the
field of hazardous management technology. Informa-
tion in the paper is from the USEPA report Innovative
Thermal Hazardous Waste Treatment Processes pre-
pared by the author in February, 1985.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
'Incinerators, Industrial wastes.
PB86-166923/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Application of the Master Analytical Scheme to
Polar Organics in Drinking Water,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
A. W. Garrison, and E. D. Pellizzari. Feb 86,16p EPA/
600/D-86/045
Prepared in cooperation with Research Triangle Inst.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
EPA's Master Analytical Scheme (MAS) for Organic
Compounds in Water provides for comprehensive
qualitative-quantitative analysis of gas chromatogra-
phable organlcs in many types of water. The paper em-
phasizes the analysis of polar and ionic organics, the
more water soluble compounds in the MAS repertoire,
in raw and treated drinking water. Mean recoveries
from drinking water using the MAS protocols that
handle polar and ionic compounds were: 84% for neu-
tral water soluble organics (25 compounds spiked at 1
ug/l), 89% for extractable semivolatile strong acids
(24 compounds spiked at 50 to 100 ug/l), 82% for
volatile strong acids (18 compounds spiked at 0.3 ug/
I), and 81% for strong primary and secondary amines
(11 compounds spiked at 35 ug/l). The protocol for
nonvolatile acids has not yet been applied to spiked
drinking water, but recoveries should be higher than
the average of 85% (14 compounds spiked at 50 ug/l)
obtained for these acids in industrial-municipal ef-
fluents.
Keywords: 'Potable water, "Water analysis, Contami-
nants, Chemical analysis, Water pollution, Distillation,
Polar organics, Ionic organics, Water pollution detec-
tion.
PB86-166931/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Interactions of Chlorine-Produced Oxidants, Sa-
linity, and a Protlstan Parasite in Affecting Lethal
and Sublethal Physiological Effects In the Eastern
or American Oyster,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
G. I. Scott, E. O. Oswald, T. I. Sammons, D. S.
Baughman, and D. P. Middaugh. c1905,22p EPA/
600/D-86/037
Pub. in Water Chlorination: Chemistry, Environmental
Impacts, and Health Effects, v5 p463-480 Feb 86.
Results from the study have generally indicated the
significant interactive effects of salinity and Chlorine-
Produced Oxidants exposure in affecting oyster mor-
talities resulting from P. marinus infection. Compari-
sons of control oysters in high-and low-salinity expo-
sures generally indicated that low-salinity conditions
resulted in exposure of oysters to water which was re-
duced in both salt content (major ions) and phyto-
plankton density (as food availability was reduced by
66%). Biodeposition rates (or feeding rates) were sig-
nificantly reduced in low-salinity-exposed oysters,
probably related to less food availability.
Keywords: 'Oxidizers, 'Chlorine, 'Salinity, 'Oysters,
'Water pollution, Animal physiology, Exposure, Mortal-
ity, Parasites, Infection, Chlorination, Comparison,
Concentration(Composition), Temperature, Seasonal
variations, Tables(Data), Reprints, Crassostrea virgin-
ica, American oyster, 'Perkinsus marinus, Water pollu-
tion effects(Animals).
PB86-167004/HSU	PC A04/MF AOI
Research Workshop on the Treatment/Disposal
of Pesticide Wastewater. Proceedings Held at
Cincinnati, Ohio on July 30-31, 1985. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
J. S. Bridges, and C. R. Dempsey. Jan 86,64p* EPA/
600/9-86/001
A research workshop on the treatment/disposal of
pesticide wastewater generated by the agricultural ap-
plication of pesticides was held at the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency's Andrew W. Breidenbach
Environmental Research Center in Cincinnati, Ohio, on
July 30-31,1985. The purpose of the workshop was to
address issues regarding the effectiveness of current
state-of-the-art capabilities, identification of emerging
techniques or technologies that may be applicable
along with technologies being applied in other areas,
and the need for research efforts capable of providing
results in a 3 to 5 year time frame as they pertain to the
treatment/disposal of dilute pesticide wastewater. The
publication is a compilation of the sixteen speaker's
abstracts, both workgroup results and a conclusion
with recommendations.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Waste disposal, 'Sewage
treatment, Waste water, Agriculture, Spraying, Activat-
ed carbon treatment, Regulations, National govern-
ment, Ultraviolet radiation, Microorganism
control(Sewage), Sterilization, Trickling filters, Evapo-
ration, Leaching, Recirculating, Ozonation.
PB88-167012/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Environmental Assessment: Source Test and
Evaluation Report • Stole Low-BTU Qasifler. Final
rept. Jun 80-Dec 81,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
M. R. Fuchs, M. A. McDevitt, D. S. Lewis, and C. E.
Hudak. Feb 86,309p EPA/600/7-86/006
Contract EPA-68-02-3137
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of a source test and evaluation
of the Foster Wheeler/Stoic gasifier at the University
of Minnesota-Duluth. The test, from February 23 to
March 6,1981, was designed to collect data pertinent
to an environmental assessment of the Foster Wheel-
er/Stoic two-stage gasification process, including
evaluation of the emissions from the combustion of
both the product gas and the byproduct electrostatic
precipitator (ESP) oil. Distribution of minor and trace
elements in the product, byproduct, and discharge
streams was calculated from elemental mass flow
rates. Extractable organic material in product gas, by-
product ESP oil, and discharge streams was charac-
terized by total organic loading and by gas chromato-
graphic analysis. Priority pollutants were identified and
quantitated for major streams. Test results indicated
that combustion of ESP oil and product gas destroyed
priority organic pollutants to the extent that less than 1
percent of the original levels were detected. Also,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
most of the hydrocarbons (C1-C6) present in the com-
bined product gas were destroyed by combustion.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, "Coal gasification,
Hydrocarbons, Electrical equipment, Emissions, Com-
bustion products, Organic compounds, Gases, Oils,
Electrostatic precipitators, Stationary sources, Stoic
process.
PB86-167020/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Control Technologies for Hazard-
ous Air Pollutants. Volume 1. Technical Report.
Final rept. Aug 84-Oct 85,
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Durham, NC.
R. Y. Purcell, and G. S. Shareef. Feb 86, 368p* EPA/
600/7-86/009A
Contract EPA-68-02-3981
See also Volume 2, PB86-167038. Prepared in coop-
eration with Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park,
NC. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineer-
ing Research Lab.
The manual is an aid to EPA regional, state, and local
air pollution control agency technical personnel in se-
lecting, evaluating, and developing costs of air pollu-
tion control techniques for reducing or eliminating the
emission of potentially hazardous air pollutants (HAPs)
from industrial/commercial sources. It contains infor-
mation that should be useful for reviewing permit appli-
cations or for informing interested parties as to the
type, basic design, and cost of available HAP control
systems. Since the definition of a HAP is very broad
(encompasses potentially thousands of compounds), it
is not possible for the handbook to include an all-inclu-
sive list of HAP compounds and compound-specific
control techniques. However, there are only a few
available generic air pollution control techniques, and
the factors affecting their cost and performance as ap-
plied to many noncriteria pollutants have been identi-
fied and discussed in the literature.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, Cost analysis, Manu-
als, Air quality, Technology assessment, Emission fac-
tors, "Pollution control, Stationary sources.
PB86-167038/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Control Technologies for Hazard-
ous Air Pollutants. Volume 2. Appendices. Final
rept. Aug 84-Oct 85,
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Durham, NC.
R. V. Purcell, and G. S. Shareef. Feb 86,294p* EPA/
600/7-86/009B
Contract EPA-68-02-3981
See also Volume 1, PB86-167020. Prepared in coop-
eration with Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park,
NC. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineer-
ing Research Lab.
The manual is an aid to EPA regional, state, and local
air pollution control agency technical personnel in se-
lecting, evaluating, and developing costs of air pollu-
tion control techniques for reducing or eliminating the
emission of potentially hazardous air pollutants (HAPs)
from industrial/commercial sources. It contains infor-
mation that should be useful for reviewing permit appli-
cations or for informing interested parties as to the
type, basic design, and cost of available HAP control
systems. Since the definition of a HAP is very broad
(encompasses potentially thousands of compounds), it
is not possible for the handbook to include an all-inclu-
sive list of HAP compounds and compound-specific
control techniques. However, there are only a few
available generic air pollution control techniques, and
the factors affecting their cost and performance as ap-
plied to many noncriteria pollutants have been identi-
fied and discussed in the literature.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, Cost analysis, Manu-
als, Air quality. Technology assessment, "Pollution
control, Emission factors, Stationary sources.
PB86-167111/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab,
Environmental Assessment: Source Test and
Evaluation Report Addendum - Lurgi-Type
Medium-BTU Gasification. Volume 1. Technical
Report and Appendix A,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
K. J. Bombaugh. Feb 86,132p EPA/600/7-86/007A
Contract EPA-68-02-3137
See also PB86-167129 and PB80-183098. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research
Lab.
The report is an addendum to a 1981 environmental
assessment source test and evaluation report (EPA-
600/7-81-142) on Lurgi-type medium-Btu gasification
in Kosovo, Yugoslavia. It contains analytical data on
21 gasification plant streams, not included in the final
report. Condensable organics from the plant's major
gas, solid-phase, and selected liquid-phase streams
were characterized by the EPA protocol for a Level 1
source assessment to determine the mass distribution
of chemical classes which they contained. GC-MS
analyses were performed on gas stream condensates
to quantify their levels of hazardous PNAs. Profiles of
the sulfur- and nitrogen-bearing species in these con-
densates were obtained with element-specific GC de-
tectors.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Coal gasification.
Lignite, Water pollution, Air pollution, Assessments, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Design, Sam-
pling, Yugoslavia, "Foreign technology, "Lurgi proc-
PB86-167129/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Environmental Assessment: Source Test and
Evaluation Report Addendum - Lurgi-Type
Medium-BTU Gasification. Volume 2. Appendix B,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
K. J. Bombaugh. Feb 86, 325p EPA/600/7-86/007B
Contract EPA-68-02-3137
See also PB86-167111. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report is an addendum to a 1981 environmental
assessment source test and evaluation report (EPA-
600/7-81-142) on Lurgi-type medium-Btu gasification
in Kosovo, Yugoslavia. It contains analytical data on
21 gasification plant streams, not included in the final
report. Condensable organics from the plant's major
gas, solid-phase, and selected liquid-phase streams
were characterized by the EPA protocol for a Level 1
source assessment to determine the mass distribution
of chemical classes which they contained. GC-MS
analyses were performed on gas stream condensates
to quantify their levels of hazardous PNAs. Profiles of
the sulfur- and nitrogen-bearing species in these con-
densates were obtained with element-specific GC de-
tectors.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Coal gasification,
Lignite, Water pollution, Air pollution, Assessments, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Design, Sam-
pling, Yugoslavia, "Foreign technology, "Lurgi proc-
PB86-167145/HSU	PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Symposium on the Transfer and Utilization of Par-
ticulate Control Technology (5th).
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Feb 86,168lp-in4v
Set includes PB86-167152 through PB86-167186.
Proceedings of a Symposium held at Kansas City, Mis-
souri on August 27-30, 1984. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab., and
Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA.
No abstract available.
PB86-167152/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Symposium on the Transfer and Utilization of Par-
ticulate Control Technology (5th). Volume 1,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
F A Ayer. Feb 86, 286p* EPA/600/9-86/008A,,
EPRI-CS-4404-VOL-1
See also PB85-161891, and PB86-167160. Proceed-
ings of a Symposium held at Kansas City, Missouri on
August 27-30, 1984. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab., and Electric
Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB86-
167145.
The proceeding document the Fifth Symposium on the
Transfer and Utilization of Particulate Control Technol-
ogy, held August 27-30,1984, in Kansas City, MO. The
symposium was sponsored by EPA's Air and Energy
Engineering Research Laboratory (formerly the Indus-
trial and Environmental Research Laboratory), located
in Research Triangle Park, NC, and EPRI's Coal Com-
bustion Systems Division, in Palo Alto, CA. The sympo-
sium provided for the exchange of knowledge and to
stimulate new ideas for particulate control with the
goal of extending the technology and aiding its diffu-
sion among designers, users, and educators. Fabric fil-
ters and ESPs received the major attention, but novel
concepts and advanced technologies were also ex-
plored. Volume 1 covered the plenary session, ad-
vanced energy applications, economics, and novel
concepts. Volume 2 was devoted to electrostatic pre-
cipitators. Volume 3 dealt with fabric filters. Volume 4
described fugitive emissions, dry S02, and operation
and maintenance.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Particles,
"Meetings, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Cost analysis, Filtration, Fabrics, "Electrostatic precipi-
tators, Fugitive emissions, Stationary sources.
PB86-167160/HSU	PC A22/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Symposium on the Transfer and Utilization of Par-
ticulate Control Technology (5th). Volume 2,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
F. A. Ayer. Feb 86, 503p* EPA/600/9-86/008B,,
EPRI-CS-4404-VOL-2
See also PB86-167152, and PB86-167178. Proceed-
ings of a Symposium held at Kansas City, Missouri on
August 27-30,1984. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab., and Electric
Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB86-
167145.
The proceedings document the Fifth Symposium on
the Transfer and Utilization of Particulate Control
Technology, held August 27-30,1984, in Kansas City,
MO. The symposium was sponsored by EPA's Air and
Energy Engineering Research Laboratory (formerly the
Industrial and Environmental Research Laboratory),
located in Research Triangle Park, NC, and EPRI's
Coal Combustion Systems Division, in Palo Alto, CA.
The symposium provided for the exchange of knowl-
edge and to stimulate new ideas for particulate control
with the goal of extending the technology and aiding its
diffusion among designers, users, and educators.
Fabric filters and ESPs received the major attention,
but novel concepts and advanced technologies were
also explored. Volume 1 covered the plenary session,
advanced energy applications, economics, and novei
concepts. Volume 2 was devoted to electrostatic pre-
cipitators. Volume 3 dealt with fabric filters. Volume 4
described fugitive emissions, dry S02, and operation
and maintenance.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Particles
"Meetings, "Electrostatic precipitators, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products. Cost analysis, Fugitive
emissions.
PB86-167178/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Symposium on the Transfer and Utilization of Par-
ticulate Control Technology (5th). Volume 3,
Research Triangle Inst., Research triangle Park, NC
F. A. Ayer. Feb 86, 386p* EPA/600/9-86/008C,,
E PR l-CS-4404-VOL-3
See also PB86-167160. and PB86-167186. Proceed-
ings of a Symposium held at Kansas City, Missouri on
August 27-30,1984. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab., and Electric
Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB86-
167145.
The proceedings document the Fifth Symposium on
the Transfer and Utilization of Particulate Control
Technology, held August 27-30, 1984, in Kansas City,
MO. The symposium was sponsored by EPA's Air and
Energy Engineering Research Laboratory (formerly the
Industrial and Environmental Research Laboratory),
located in Research Triangle Park, NC, and EPRI's
Coal Combustion Systems Division, in Palo Alto, CA.
The symposium provided for the exchange of knowl-
edge and to stimulate new ideas for particulate control
with the goal of extending the technology and aiding its
diffusion among designers, users, and educators.
Fabric filters and ESPs received the major attention,
but novel concepts and advanced technologies were
also explored. Volume 1 covered the plenary session,
advanced energy applications, economics, and novel
concepts. Volume 2 was devoted to electrostatic pre-
cipitators. Volume dealt with fabric filters. Volume 4 de-
scribed fugitive emissions, dry S02, and operation and
maintenance.
Keywords: 'Meetings, "Air pollution control equip-
ment, 'Particles, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Cost analysis, "Fabric filters, Fugitive emissions.
PB86-167186/HSU	PC A22/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Symposium on the Transfer and Utilization of Par-
ticulate Control Technology (5th). Volume 4,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
F. A. Ayer. Feb 86,506p* EPA/600/9-86/008D,,
EPRI-CS-4404-VOL-4
See also PB86-167178. Proceedings of a Symposium
held at Kansas City, Missouri on August 27-30, 1984.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab., and Electric Power Research Inst.,
Palo Alto, CA.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC 99, PB86-167145.
The proceedings document the Fifth Symposium on
the Transfer and Utilization of Particulate Control
Technology, held August 27-30, 1984, in Kansas City,
MO. The symposium was sponsored by EPA's Air and
Energy Engineering Research Laboratory (formerly the
Industrial and Environmental Research Laboratory),
located in Research Triangle Park, NC, and EPRI's
Coal Combustion Systems Division, in Palo Alto, CA.
The symposium provided for the exchange of knowl-
edge and to stimulate new ideas for particulate control
witn the goal of extending the technology and aiding its
diffusion among designers, users, and educators.
Fabric filters and ESPs received the major attention,
but novel concepts and advanced technologies were
also explored. Volume 1 covered the plenary session,
advanced energy applications, economics, and novel
concepts. Volume 2 was devoted to electrostatic pre-
cipitators. Volume 3 dealt with fabric filters. Volume 4
described fugitive emissions, dry S02, and operation
and maintenance.
Keywords: "Sulfur dioxide, "Meetings, "Air pollution
control equipment, "Particles, Industrial wastes, Oper-
ation, Maintenance, Combustion products, Cost analy-
sis, Fugitive emissions.
PB86-167293/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Evaluation of Mobile Source Air Quality Simula-
tion Models,
TRC Environmental Consultants, Inc., East Hartford,
CT.
D. Wackter, and P. Bodner. Feb 86,236p EPA/450/4-
86/002
Contract EPA-68-02-3886
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The report summarizes the result of a comprehensive
evaluation of four mobile source air quality simulation
models using data collected from five field measure-
ment programs. The report contains numerous tabula-
tions of each model's performance in terms of statisti-
cal measures of performance recommended by the
American Meteorological Society. The purpose of the
report is two-fold. First, it serves to document for the
models considered, and similar models, their relative
performance. Second, it provides the basis for a peer
scientific review of the models. To stay within the spirit
of the latter purpose, the report is limited to a factual
presentation of information and performance statis-
tics. No attempt is made to interpret the statistics or to
provide direction to the reader, lest reviewers might be
biased.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Exhaust emissions, Models,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Simulation,
Tables(Data), Air quality, Stationary sources.
PB86-167335/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Small Diameter Gravity Sewers: An Alternative for
Unsewered Communities. Final rept. 1980-1983,
Urban Systems Research and Engineering, Inc., Cam-
bridge, MA.
R. J. Otis. Feb 86, 126p EPA/600/2-86/022
Contract EPA-68-03-3057
Prepared in cooperation with RSE Group, Madison,
Wl. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The most recently introduced wastewater collection al-
ternative for small unsewered communities is septic
tank effluent drains or small diameter gravity sewers
(SDGS). Unlike conventional sewers, SDGS only col-
lect settled wastewater. Grit, grease and other trouble-
some solids which might cause obstructions in the col-
lectors are separated from the flow in interceptor tanks
upstream of each connection. Therefore, the hydraulic
design of SDGS need not based on water carriage of
solids. This may allow significant cost savings in con-
struction. A three year laboratory and field study was
undertaken to evaluate SDGS as a wastewater collec-
tion alternative to conventional sewers. The objective
of the study was to develop design criteria which would
minimize costs of construction while maintaining reli-
able, trouble-free operation.
Keywords: "Gravity concentrators, "Sewers, Solids,
Dense media separators, Greases, Design criteria, Hy-
draulics, Field tests, Operations, Cost effectiveness,
Construction, Comparison, Combined sewers, Waste
water, Graphs(Charts), Wisconsin, "Alternative plan-
ning, Madison(Wisconsin).
PB86-167343/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Computerized System for the Evaluation of
Aquatic Habitats Based on Environmental Re-
quirements and Pollution Tolerance Associations
of Resident Organisms. Published rept.,
Notre Dame Univ., IN. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
C. L. Dawson, and R. A. Hellenthal. Mar 86,111 p EPA/
600/3-86/019
Grant EPA-R-810711
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
The Environmental Requirements and Pollution Toler-
ance (ERAPT) system is a computerized retrieval and
analysis system for environmental information on
aquatic organisms. It can be used to predict organism
assemblages based on environmental conditions, to
describe environmental characteristics associated
with plants and animals which inhabit specific sites,
and to compare site characterizations witn associated
biological communities for inconsistencies resulting
from organism misidentification or erroneous habitat
information. It can also identify species which are par-
ticularly sensitive to specific sets of environmental
conditions and can predict changes in species compo-
sition which are likely to result from environmental dis-
turbance.
Keywords: "Tolerances(Physiology), "Ecology,
"Aquatic biology, "Water pollution, Information retriev-
al, Computers, Aquatic plants. Aquatic animals, Sites,
Comparison, Sensitivity, Requirements, Fishes, Indica-
tor species, "Habitats, Data bases.
PB8S-167350/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Complex
Terrain Model Development. Filth Milestone
Report -1985. Interim rept. Jun 84-May 85,
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Con-
cord, MA.
D. C. DiCristofaro, D. G. Strimaitis, B. R. Greene, R. J.
Yamartino, and A. Venkatram. Jan 86,309p EPA/600/
3-85/069
Contract EPA-68-02-3421
See also PB85-222776. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Sciences Research Lab.
The Complex Terrain Model Development (CTDM)
project is being sponsored by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency to develop atmospheric dispersion
models to simulate air pollutant concentrations in com-
plex terrain that result from emission from large
sources. The emphasis of the program is to develop
models with known accuracy and limitations for simu-
lating one-hour concentrations in high terrain during
stable conditions. The Fifth Milestone Report docu-
ments work accomplished from June 1984 through
May 1985. It describes in detail the August 1984 Full
Scale Plume Study, including its setting, the experi-
mental design, and the resulting data base. The further
development of CTDM is described. Mathematical de-
scriptions of the modifications to the model are pre-
sented. The latest version of the model has been
tested using a subset of impingement hours from the
CCB, HBR, and FSPS data bases. An EPA Fluid Mod-
eling Facility report describing towing tank simulations
to characterize the effects of stability on the horizontal
and vertical deflections around an isolated hill is in-
cluded as an appendix.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Terrain models, "Mathemat-
ical	models,	Industrial	wastes,
Concentration(Composition), Plumes, Field tests,
Electric power plants, Experimental data, "Atmospher-
ic dispersion, "Air quality, "Complex terrain dispersion
model.
PB86-167376/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of the Applicability of Subsidence
Models to Hazardous Waste Sites.
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Mar 86, 56p EPA/600/2-86/026
Contract EPA-68-02-3963
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
EPA has discovered a number of uncontrolled hazard-
ous waste sites in close proximity to abandoned under-
ground mines. Further, several Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act permit applications have been
received for treatment, storage, or disposal facilities
located in areas where abandoned underground mines
are known to exist. The potential exists for subsidence
under a hazardous waste facility to result in uncon-
trolled release of hazardous constituents to the envi-
ronment. The investigation was approached in two
phases. Phase I involved a literature review and data
compilation to gather information on the subsidence
phenomenon, available predictive models, and on the
adverse effects that can result from mine-related sub-
sidence and Phase II consisted of an evaluation of
available equations and models used to predict sub-
sidence and an assessment of the applicability of
these models to predict subsidence problems at haz-
ardous waste sites.
Keywords: "Subsidence, "Underground mining, "Haz-
ardous materials, Evaluation.
PB86-167731/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Measurement and Prediction of Single Droplet
Trajectories In a Swirled Combustion System,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. A. Mulholland, R. K. Srivastava, J. V. Ryan, S. B.
Robinson, and J. O. L. Wendt. Mar 86,29p EPA/600/
D-86/049
Contracts EPA-68-02-3988, EPA-68-02-4247
Prepared in cooperation with Energy and Environmen-
tal Research Corp., Chapel Hill, NC. Eastern Oper-
ations Office, and Arizona Univ., Tucson. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research
Lab.
The paper gives results of an experimental determina-
tion of the penetration of individual fuel droplets inject-
ed into a swirling gas flame, as a function of the droplet
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
injection parameters of spacing, velocity, size, and
angle. It also describes additional experiments in cold
flow to evaluate the effect of droplet spacing on drag
coefficient. Theoretical predictions of a simplified
three-dimensional droplet trajectory model compared
well to the hot flow experimental observations. It was
found that bypassing and penetration of large droplets,
which can occur in practical situations, may lead to fail-
ures in liquid-fired hazardous waste incinerators. Cold
flow studies indicated that the average drag coefficient
depended strongly on droplet spacing, for a droplet
spacing of less than 150 droplet diameters. Although
turbulent fluctuations gave rise to distributions of drop-
let paths, both their average behavior and their trends
with respect to injection variables compared well to
trajectory predictions utilizing the experimentally deter-
mined mean velocity field.
Keywords: "Air pollution abatement, 'Combustion,
Drops(Liquids), Trajectories, Measurement, Prediction,
Swirling, Flames.
PB86-167749/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Methods for Rapid Identification of Viruses,
Massachusetts Univ. Medical School, Worcester.
J. E. Herrmann. Mar 86,45p* EPA/600/D-86/050
Grant EPA-R-810803
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The progress made in the last few years in methods for
direct detection of viruses in clinical samples, without
the need for in vitro culture, suggests that they will be
applicable to at least some types of environmental
samples. The methods for detecting viral antigen in-
clude: radio-immunoassay, enzyme immunoassay, ag-
glutination tests, fluorescent antibody techniques and
electron microscopic procedures. The use of probes
for detecting viral nucleic acid has recently sparked
considerable interest. The current status of these
methods and potential means for improving them are
presented in the report.
Keywords: "Viruses, "Identification, "Antigens, Micro-
organisms, Fluorescent antibody techniques, Detec-
tion, Electron microscopy, Radio immunoassay,
Enzyme immunoassay, Agglutination tests.
PB86-167756/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Local Source Impact on Wet Deposition,
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
A. A. N. Patrinos. Mar 86, 76p EPA/600/3-86/014
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
Precipitation chemistry measurements over a network
of samplers upwind and downwind of Philadelphia, PA
show that a major contribution of the local sources can
be discerned under certain conditions. For winter fron-
tal storms with low level winds from the south east, up
to as much as a factor of two increase over upwind
values has been observed for downwind nitrate depo-
sition. Sulfate deposition shows an increase of about a
factor of one and one half. The nitrate deposition in-
creases toward the downwind direction away from the
urban-industrial sources, indicating that the maximum
is likely to have been beyond the sampling network for
these case studies. One storm had no increase in ni-
trate or sulfate deposition but did have an increase in
total sulfur content in the precipitation. Reasons for
this difference are being sought.
Keywords: "Urban areas, "Air pollution,
"Wind(Meteorology), Sampling, Sulfur dioxide, Inor-
ganic sulfates, Inorganic nitrates,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Winter, Storms, Deposition,
Environmental impacts, Plumes.
PB86-167764/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Alteration of Circulating Antibody Response of
Mice Exposed to 9-GHz Pulsed Microwaves. Jour-
nal article,	„ . T ¦ ,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC, Experimental Biology Div.
C G Liddle, J. P. Putnam, J. S. Ali, J. Y. Lewis, and B.
Bell. 1980, 11 p EPA/600/J-80/013
Pub. in Bioelectromagnetics 1, p397-404 1980.
A significant increase was observed in the circulating
antibody titers of mice exposed to 9-GHz pulsed micro-
waves at an average power density of 10 mW/sq. cm.,
two hours per day for five days compared with sham-ir-
radiated animals. The mice were previously immunized
with type III pneumococcal polysaccharide. Following
irradiation, a portion of the immunized animals were
challenged with virulent Streptococcus pneumoniae,
type III. Ten days after challenge, mortality was essen-
tially the same in the two groups, but during the ten day
period, there was a noticeable increase in the survival
time of the irradiated animals compared with the sham-
irradiated animals, suggesting that the increased circu-
lating antibody response afforded some degree of
temporary protection of the animals.
Keywords: "Radiation effects, "Antibodies, "Micro-
waves, Mice, Exposure, Responses, Reprints.
PBB6-167772/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Epidemiologic Studies of Organic Mlcropollutants
in Drinking Water,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
G. F. Craun. Mar 86,14p EPA/600/D-86/047
Pub. in Science of the Total Environment 47, p461 -472
1985.
Epidemiologic studies have been conducted in order
to make a quantitative statement about associations
between drinking water contaminants and disease.
The basic measures of the association are a rate ratio
or relative risk and rate difference or attributable risk.
The appropriateness of the measure is dependent on
components of study design, data collection, and the
analysis of epidemiologic data, and these must be
evaluated for each study to determine precision (lack
of random error) and validity (lack of systematic error).
Internal validity includes considerations for preventing
selection bias, minimizing observation bias, and as-
sessing, preventing, and controlling confounding bias
within a particular study. No single epidemiologic study
is likely to provide a definitive answer, and the results
of epidemiologic studies must be interpreted in the
context of other scientific information. Epidemiologic
studies of organic micropollutants in drinking water
have been reviewed and are summarized based on
these considerations.
Keywords: "Epidemiology, "Water supply, "Contami-
nants, Diseases, Potable water, Risk, Data collection,
"Drinking water.
PB86-167897/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Construction Quality Assurance In Permits for
Hazardous Waste Land Disposal Facilities,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
J. G. Herrmanni, and R. P. Hartley. Mar 86,14p EPA/
600/D-86/054, HWERL-CI-1505
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's
(USEPA's) Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Laboratory (HWERL) has prepared a Technical Guid-
ance Document, at the request of the Office of Solid
Waste (OSW), on construction quality assurance
(CQA) for hazardous waste land disposal facilities. The
document has recently undergone public comment
and is currently being revised in accordance with those
comments received. The paper summarizes the con-
tents of the CQA Technical Guidance Document. It de-
scribes the elements of a CQA plan that should be ad-
dressed when preparing the permit application for a
specific site. The CQA Technical Guidance Document
will assist permitting agencies, facility owner/opera-
tors, design engineers, CQA personnel, and construc-
tion contractors in ensuring, with a reasonable degree
of certainty, that the completed facility meets or ex-
ceeds all design criteria, plans, and specifications.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Licenses, "Quality
assurance, "Construction management, Solid waste
disposal, "Land disposal.
PB86-167905/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Uncertainty Analysis Using QUAL2E,
Tufts Univ., Medford, MA. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
L C. Brown. Mar 86,20p EPA/600/D-86/053
Grant EPA-R-811883
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Athens,
GA.
The paper reports the results of a project to develop a
methodology for incorporating uncertainty analysis as
an integral part of the water quality modeling process.
The model used for demonstrating this methodology is
the EPA-supported water quality model QUAL2E. The
QUAL2E model was chosen for this application be-
cause it is a general purpose computer code that is
widely used by state regulatory agencies in waste load
allocation and other environmental planning activities.
The resulting uncertainty model is named QUAL2E-
UNCAS.
Keywords: "Water quality, "Lakes, Mathematical
models, Probability theory, Computerized simulation,
Monte Carlo method, State government, Regulations,
Ecosystems, QUAL2E model, "QUAL2E-UNCAS
model.
PB86-167913/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Offspring Mortality and Maternal Lung Pathology
in Female Rats Fed Hexachlorobenzene. Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
K. T. Kitchin, R. E. Linder, T. M. Scotti, D. Walsh, and
A. O. Curley. 1982, 10p EPA/600/J-82/016
Pub. in Toxicology, v23 n1 p33-39 1982.
Female Sprague-Dawley CD rats were fed 0, 60, 80,
100,120 and 140 ppm hexachlorobenzene (HCB) con-
tinuously in the diet and 2 successive litters raised.
These doses were selected to range from approxi-
mately the no observable effect level to lethality in
suckling offspring of treated dams. In the F1a genera-
tion, the 21-day mortality was 9.2, 19.8, 30.0, 45.4,
93.1 and 92.6% in offspring of dams fed 0,60,80,100,
120 and 140 ppm HCB, respectively. In the F1b gen-
eration, a similar mortality of 18.5, 21.5, 19.5, 45, 100
and 94.1% was observed at these 5 dose levels, re-
spectively. The neonatal lethality observed was relat-
ed to both maternal dose of HCB and the cumulative
lactational exposure. Clinical signs of maternal toxicity
were not observed and fertility and fecundity were un-
affected. In the lungs of HCB treated dams, increased
numbers of intraalveolar foamy histiocytes and hyper-
trophy and proliferation of the lining endothelial cells of
pulmonary venules were observed. These microscopic
findings of pulmonary effects of HCB confirmed previ-
ous findings of this laboratory.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Lung, Rats, Dosage, Bioas-
say, Diets, Lethal dosage, Reprints, "Benzene/hex-
acnloro.
PB86-167921/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Evaluation of the PEM-2 (Pollution Episodic Modal
Version 2) Using the 1982 Philadelphia Aerosol
Field Study Data Baae. Final rept. Jan 84-Jun 85,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Oak Ridge, TN. Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion
Div.
J. Y. Ku, and K. S. Rao. Mar 86,101p EPA/600/3-86/
016
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
The report describes an evaluation of the Pollution Epi-
sodic Model Version 2 (PEM-2) using measurements
obtained from 29 days of the Philadelphia Aerosol
Field Study. The model performance was determined
by comparing predicted 12-h and 24-h average con-
centrations against corresponding observed values at
six monitoring sites for four pollutant species: particu-
late total mass, fine sulfate and S02. A first-order
chemical transformation of S02 to sulfate was consid-
ered, in addition to the direct emission, dry deposition,
and settling of the pollutant species. The model
domain covered 80km X 80km with 32 X 32 grid cells
which included 300 major point sources and 289 area
sources for the Philadelphia urban area. Hourly mete-
orological observations and hourly emissions were
input to the model. Statistical measures of difference
and correlation paired in time and space revealed that
the particulate species were simulated closely. These
results, however, must be interpreted with caution
since the background concentrations exceeded the
local urban source contributions. Tables of statistical
and regression analyses results as well as graphical
displays of predicted and observed concentrations are
presented and discussed.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, * Air pollution, Per-
formance evaluation, Sulfur dioxide, Statistical analy-
sis, Urban areas, Particles, Sulfates,
Concentration(Composition), 'Pollution episodic
model, Air quality data, Philadelphia(Pennsylvania).
PB86-167939/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Reproductive Effects Assessment Group's Report
on the Mutagenicity of 1.3-Butadiene and Its Re-
active Metabolites. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
S. L.Rosenthal. 1985, 16pEPA/600/J-65/317
Pub. in Environmental Mutagenesis 7, p933-945 Oct
85.
A major data gap for assessing heritable risk from ex-
posure to 1,3-butadiene is the lack of mammalian mu-
tagenicity data. The data base on the mutagenic po-
tential of 1,3-butadiene is limited to three bacterial
studies from the same laboratory. Two of these studies
were positive only in the presence of liver S9 mix from
chemically pretreated animals. In vitro data suggest
that 1,3-butadiene is metabolized to two epoxide inter-
mediates. 3,4-Epoxybutene, one potential reactive me-
tabolite of 1,3-butadiene, is a monofunctional alkylat-
ing agent and is a direct-acting mutagen in bacteria. In
addition, unpublished data suggest that 3,4-epoxybu-
tene induces DNA damage and chromosomal aberra-
tions in mice. Another potential reactive metabolite,
1,2:3,4-diepoxybutane, is a bifunctional alkylating
agent and is mutagenic in a wide variety of organisms
(bacteria, fungi, and the germ cells of Drosophila). This
metabolite also induces DNA damage in mice and in
cultured hamster cells, is clastogenic in fungi and cul-
tured rat cells, and produces chromosome damage/
breakage in Drosophila germ cells.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Reproduction(Biology), Risk,
Exposure, Reprints, 'Butadiene, 'Mutagenesis, Meta-
bolites.
PB86-168150/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstration of Manufacturing-
Use and Certain End-Use Pesticide Products Con-
taining Brominated Sallcylanllide.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 85,138p EPA/540/RS-86-102
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials. Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, 'Registra-
tion, 'Toxic substances, Federal Insecticide and Ro-
denticide Act, 'Brominated salicylanilide, CAS 87-12-
7.
PB86-168291/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Sources, Fates and Effects of Aromatic Hydrocar-
bons in the Alaskan Marine Environment with
Recommendations for Monitoring Strategies,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Sequim, WA. Marine
Research Lab.
J. W. Anderson, J. M. Neff, and P. D. Boehm. Mar 86,
230p EPA/600/3-86/018
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Information about polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in
the Alaskan marine environment is relatively sparse.
About 300 references were reviewed to create an as-
sessment of the current state of knowledge on
sources, fates and effects of oil-derived polycyclic aro-
matic hydrocarbons in cold marine waters. The objec-
tive of the report is to critically review what is known
about the sources, fates and effects of polycyclic aro-
matic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the Alaskan marine envi-
ronment. The specific areas reviewed are (1) the natu-
ral and anthropogenic sources of aromatic hydrocar-
bons in the Alaskan marine environment, (2) the physi-
cal. chemical and biochemical fates of these com-
pounds in marine ecosystems, and (3) the bioaccumu-
lation and biological effects of aromatic hydrocarbons
in marine organisms.
Keywords: 'Alaska, 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocar-
bons, "Water pollution, 'Ocean environments, Moni-
toring, Assessments, Crude oil, Fossil fuels, Marine
microorganisms, Aquatic animals, Fishes, Accumula-
tion, Toxicity, Biodeterioration, Photodegration, Chemi-
cal	reactions,	Geochemistry,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), 'Ecosys-
tems, Oil spills, Path of pollutants.
PB86-168358/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati. OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
Protection of Public Water Supplies from Ground-
Water Contamination. Seminar Publication,
DynamacCorp., Rockville, MD.
L. L. Graham, R. C. Heath, L. Hinkle, O. T. Love, and J.
F. McNabb. Sep 85,185p EPA/625/4-85/016
Contract EPA-68-03-3130
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Center for Environmental Research Infor-
mation.
The publication contains material from technology
transfer seminars presented for the water supply com-
munity. The document provides utility managers and
operators, regulators and technical specialists with
guidance for preventing contamination and alterna-
tives for treating public ground-water supplies that are
contaminated. An understanding of the processes that
affect the movement and degradation of contaminants
in the subsurface is essential for effective ground-
water quality management. Knowfedge can be gained
from chapters on 'Ground-Water Hydrology', 'Classifi-
cation of Ground-Water Regions' and Ground-Water-
Surface Water Relationship'.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Water pollution, 'Meet-
ings, Technology transfer, Water supply, Public utili-
ties, Surface waters, Management, Hydrologic data,
Precipitation(Meteorology).
PB86-168416/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Exhaust and Evaporative Emissions of High Mile-
age Taxlcaba and Passenger Cars. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technical Support Staff.
Feb 85, 29p EPA/AA/TSS/PA-85/8
The report gives the results of exhaust and evapora-
tive emissions tests Southwest Research Institute per-
formed on 27 vehicles. Test cars were selected ran-
domly from a registration list of all 1981 passenger
cars in Bexar County, Texas (which includes the greet-
ed San Antonio area and some surrounding suburban
and rural areas). Seven of the 27 cars underwent re-
storative maintenance after baseline testing (replaced
canister or gas cap) and evaporative emissions were
measured again after maintenance. The results of the
tests are summarized in the report.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Automobiles, Evapo-
ration, Air pollution, Exhaust gases. Data, Taxicabs.
PB86-168515/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Spot Test for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
L. D. Johnson, R. E. Luce, and R. G. Merrill. 1982,15p
EPA/600/D-82/082
Pub. in Proceedings of International Symposium on
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (5th), Columbus,
OH., October 1960, p119-131,12 Mar81.
The paper describes the development and status of a
previously described spot test utilizing sensitized fluo-
rescence for the detection and semi-quantitative esti-
mation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. It also
gives data from further laboratory investigation. A
series of aromatic hydrocarbon heterocyclic com-
pounds and related substituted compounds were
tested to further define test limitations. Data from ap-
plication of the test to a series of industrial and energy
sources are also presented. The test is rapid, very in-
expensive, quite sensitive, and reliable.
Keywords: 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, 'Air
pollution control, Development, Fluorescence, Meas-
urement, "Spot tests, Stationary sources.
PB86-168523/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
ORD (Office of Research and Development)
Annual Report, 1983 (Environmental Protection
Agency).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Aug 84, 22p EPA/600/9-84/020
The report describes the accomplishments of the
Office of Research and Development (ORD) and its 14
laboratories is fiscal year 1983. During that year, re-
searchers uncovered important and unexpected new
information on how some major pollutants affect
human health, developed less costly and more accu-
rate tests for environmental toxicity, and assessed po-
tential pollution from, and the cost effectiveness of nu-
merous industrial and municipal sources of pollution.
ORD also helped to estimate the cost of air pollution
and to reduce the cost of controlling it. In addition, the
program improved the methods used to detect hazard-
ous wastes and the means available to destroy them.
Keywords: "Pollution, 'Environmental impacts, 'Haz-
ardous wastes, Research, Laboratories, Costs, 'Office
of Research and Development, "Environmental Pro-
tection Agency.
PB86-168804/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Effect of Different Pollutants on Ecologically Im-
portant Polychaete Worms. Final rept.,
California State Univ., Long Beach. Dept. of Biology.
D. J. Reish. Jun 80,151 p EPA/600/3-80/053
Grant EPA-R-800962
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Narra-
gansett, Rl.
The procedures for culturing marine polychaetous an-
nelids from egg to egg under laboratory conditions
were described. A manual was prepared detailing the
procedures used in culturing 12 species of poly-
chaetes. The effects of heavy metals and the water
soluble fractions of petroleum hydrocarbons were
measured over 96 hours, 28 days, and with some of
the toxicants, over a complete reproductive cycle for
some of these species of polychaetes. Mercury and
copper were the most toxic of the six metals tested
and cadmium was the least toxic. The 28-day LC50
was less than the 96-hour value in most experiments.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Annelida, "Toxicity, 'Water pol-
lution, Worms, Test methods, Manuals,
Mercury(Metal), Cadmium, Copper, Lead(Metal), Cul-
ture media, Chromium, Zinc, Hydrocarbons, Crude oil,
Bioassay, Heavy metals, LC 50.
PB86-168812/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Elemental Tracers Applied to Transport of Aero-
sol from Midwest to Northeast. Final rept.,
Rhode Island Univ., Narragansett. Center for Atmos-
pheric Chemistry Studies.
K. A. Rahn, K. R. Wunschel, and D. H. Lowenthal. Mar
86,153p EPA/600/3-86/015
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
From samples in Ohio and Pennsylvania, a regional
elemental tracer system found two midwestern signa-
tures which later showed that aerosol is routinely
transported from Midwest to Northeast in distinct
pulses of 2-8 days. The system was confirmed semi-
quantitatively during CAPTEX '83, where pulses of
tracer gas from Ohio appearing in New England were
always accompanied by strong maxima of midwestern
aerosol. Regional signatures were found to be stable:
during transport from Midwest to Northeast, all four
quantifiable elemental ratios changed by less than
25%. Regional least-squares apportionments were
found to be insensitive to a variety of factors such as
weighting scheme, scales of signatures, random ele-
mental perturbations, duration of samples, local
sources of V, etc. Factor and cluster analysis were
found to be only moderately useful for determining re-
gional signatures. In eastern North America, As/Se,
noncr. V/Se, and In/Se have greater tracer power
than Sb/Se, Zn/Se, and noncr. Mn/Se.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, 'Tracers, Atmospheric motion,
Turbulence, Transport properties, 'Atmospheric trans-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
missivity, Midwest region(United States), Northeast
region(United States).
PB86-168820/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing DEMETON as the Active In-
redient.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Feb 85, 151p EPA/540/RS-86/101
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Standards, "Guidelines,
Packaging, Labels, Marking, Hazardous materials,
Ecology, Regulations, Phosphorothioates, "Reregis-
tration, "Toxic substances, Federal Insecticide Fungi-
cide and Rodenticide Act, "Systox, "Demeton.
PB86-169133/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
National Air Audit System FY 1985 National
Report. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Dec 85, 125p EPA/450/2-85/009
See also PB84-128008.
The National Air Audit System, which was jointly devel-
oped by EPA and representatives of State and local air
pollution control agencies was implemented for the
first time in FY 1984. In FY 1985, the system audited
air pollution control activities in 68 State and local
agencies in the areas of air quality planning and State
implementation plan activity, new source review, com-
pliance assurance, air monitoring, and inspection and
maintenance. The goals of the audit system are to
identify obstacles that are preventing State and local
agencies from implementing effective air quality man-
agement programs and to provide EPA with quantita-
tive information for use in defining more effective and
meaningful national programs. The report for FY 1985
indicated that, for the most part, State and local agen-
cies have sound programs in each of the four audited
areas. Areas of possible improvement were found,
however, which will be the focus of various remedial
activities.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Auditing, "Guidelines,
Sources, Reviews, Licenses, Inspections, State gov-
ernment, Monitoring, "Air quality, "National Air Audit
System, State implementation plans.
PB86-169208/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM): A Procedure
for Evaluating Pesticide Leaching Threats to
Groundwater. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
R. F. Carsel, L. A. Mulkey, M. N. Lorber, and L. B.
Baskin. C1985, 23p EPA/600/J-85/333
Pub. in Ecological Modelling 30, n1 /2 p49-69 Oct 85.
A continuous simulation model that considers interac-
tions of pesticides in surface runoff (in water and on
eroded sediment, advection in percolating water, mo-
lecular diffusion, dispersion, uptake by plants, sorption
to soil, and biological and chemical degradation) is de-
scribed. The model was partially performance tested
for aldicarb using data from field sites in New York,
Florida, and Wisconsin. The model was successfully
tested with observed data at the sites using selected
values for 1st-order degradation rate constants and
sorption coefficients. The model was successfully cali-
brated to the observed data at the New York site using
selected values for tst-order degradation rate con-
stants and sorption coefficients. (Copyright (c) 1985
Elsevier Science Publishers).
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Runoff, "Water pollution,
"Ground water, Mathematical models, Adsorption,
Leaching, Dispersing, Advection, Measurement, Ke-
tones, Sulfur organic compounds, Reprints, Aldicarb,
Roots, Propanal/methyl-(methylthio).
558 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB86-169216/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Laboratory Experiments on Diffusion: The Use of
Convective Mixed-Layer Scaling. Journal article,
American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA.
J. W. Deardorff. c1985,11 p EPA/600/J-85/330
Pub. in Jnl. of Climate and Applied Meteorology, v24
n11 pi 143-1151 Nov 85. Prepared in cooperation with
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Atmospheric
Sciences. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric
Sciences Research Lab.
A review is presented on laboratory modeling of diffu-
sion downwind of a continuous point source within a
boundary layer of well defined height with turbulence
driven by buoyant convection. Results of using mixed-
layer scaling are summarized and comparisons with at-
mospheric field measurements discussed. Concentra-
tion probability distributions from the laboratory as a
function of dimensionless downwind distance are pre-
sented in a manner which discloses the differences
from a lognormal distribution.
Keywords: "Atmospheric diffusion, "Turbulent diffu-
sion, Reviews, Mathematical models, Reprints,
Convection(Atmospheric).
PB86-169372/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Lake Huron 1980 Intensive Surveillance: Manage-
ment and Summary. Special rept. (Final),
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Div.
R. Rossmann. Jan 86,75p SR-118
Grants EPA-R-005510-01, EPA-R-005510-02
See also PB85-197978. Sponsored in part by Grant
EPA-R-005510-03. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great Lakes National Pro-
gram Office.
Lake Huron is basically an oligotrophy lake, although it
has at least one problem in common with the other
Great Lakes: it is noticeably impacted by contami-
nants. In the past, phosphorus, DDT, and mercury
were the primary contaminants of concern because of
the stimulation of nuisance algae growth, the negative
impact on raptors, and the tainting of fish for human
consumption, respectively. Responses to these dis-
coveries have been control of the point sources of
mercury and phosphorus and a ban on DDT produc-
tion. For Lake Huron, these controls appear to have
been effective in curbing mercury releases but not in
reducing mercury levels in fish. The controls appear to
be beginning to be effective for phosphorus.
Keywords: "Water quality management, "Lake Huron,
Algae, Mercury(Metal), Fishes, Phosphorus, DDT, In-
secticides, Plankton, Aquatic biology,
Concentration(Composition), Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Biphenyl, Metals, Nutrients, Bacteria,
Tables(Data), "Ecosystems, Polychlorinated byphen-
yls, Biphenyl/chloro.
PB86-169406/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Alkyl'Dimethyl Benzyl Am-
monium Chloride as the Active Ingredient.
Volume 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 85,81 p EPA/540/RS-86/103
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Ammonium chloride, Stand-
ards, Guidelines, Genetics, Packaging, Labels, Haz-
ardous materials, Agricultural products, Public health,
Regulations, "Reregistration, "Toxic substances, Fed-
eral Insecticide and Rodenticide Act, CAS 68424-85-1,
Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride.
PB86-169414/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Trimethacarb as the Active
Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 85, 93p EPA/540/RS-86/100
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, "Reregistra-
tion, "Toxic substances, Federal Insecticide and Ro-
denticide Act, CAS 2686-99-9, "Trimethacarb.
PB86-169869/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Early Effects of Trimethyltln on the Dentate Gyrus
Basket Cells: A Morphological Study. Journal arti-
cle,
Arkansas Univ. for Medical Sciences, Little Rock.
L. W. Chang, and R. S. Dyer. c1985,14p EPA/600/J-
85/335
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health
16, n4 p641-653 May 85. Sponsored by Health Effects
Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Electrophysiological evidence for reduction of recur-
rent inhibition in the dentate gyrus in animals exposed
to trimethyltin (TMT) suggested alterations in the inhib-
itory neurons (basket cells) by TMT. The present study
was designed to investigate the morphology of basket
cells after TMT exposure. Long Evans hooded rats
were injected with TMT chloride in a dose of 6.0 mg/kg
b.w. Tissue samples from the dentate gyri were exam-
ined by both light and electron microscopy at 24 and
72 hours after TMT exposure. Except for isolated
basket cell damage at 72 hours, no remarkable patho-
logical changes were observed with light microscopy.
Consistent with previous data, electron microscopy re-
vealed that the basket cells of the dentate gyrus are
large neurons situated just below the granule cell layer
with characteristic large, infolded nuclei and intranu-
clear filamentous rods. Increased cytoplasmic density
and degenerative changes of the Golgi complex were
evident in the basket cells as early as 24 hours after
TMT exposure.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Exposure, Laboratory ani-
mals, Neurons, Rats, Electron microscopy, Reprints,
Heavy metals, "Tin/trimethyl, Dentate gyrus.
PB86-169877/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Application of Reburnlng for NOx Control to a Flr-
etube Package Boiler (Journal Version),
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J. A. Mulholland, and W. S. Lanier. C1985, 7p EPA/
600/J-85/326
Pub. in Jnl. of Engineering for Gas Turbines and
Power, v107 p739-743 Jul 85. See also PB84-211259.
Prepared in cooperation with Acurex Corp., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
The paper describes the use of a 730-kW (2.5 million
Btu/hr) firetube package boiler, to demonstrate the ap-
plication of reburning for NOx emission control. An
overall reduction of 50 percent from an uncontrolled
NOx emission of 200 ppm was realized by diverting 15
percent of the total boiler load to a natural-gas-fired
second stage burner. Tests indicate that the overall
order of destruction (with respect to initial NOx) is
greater than one; thus, larger reductions can be ex-
pected from reburning applications to systems with
higher initial NOx. Rich zone stoichiometry has been
identified as the dominant process variable. Primary
zone stoichiometry and rich zone residence time are
parameters that can be adjusted to maximize NOx re-
duction. Reburning applied to firetube package boilers
requires minimal facility modification. Natural gas
would appear to be an ideal reburning fuel, because ni-
trogen in the reburning fuel has been shown to inhibit
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Fire tube boilers,
'Combustion, "Nitrogen oxides, Natural gas, Hydro-
carbons, Combustion products. Reprints, "Reburning
processes.
PB86-16988S/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Ambient Temperature on the Hypometa-
bolic and Hypothermic Effects of Sulfolane in
Rats. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. J. Gordon, M. D. Long, and R. S. Dyer. 1984, 7p
EPA/600/J-84/366
Pub. in Archives of Toxicology 56, n2 p123-127 Dec
84.
Sulfolane toxicity may be partially due to its effects on
body temperature. To examine the effects of sulfolane
on thermoregulation, the authors measured metabolic
rate and body temperature in rats injected intraperiton-
eal^ with sulfolane at dosages of 0,200, 400, and 800
mg/kg. At ambient temperatures (Ta) of 15 and 25 C
sulfolane caused a dose related inhibition in metabolic
rate and hypothermia 60 minutes post-injection. At a
Ta of 35 C sulfolane had no effect on body tempera-
ture or metabolic rate. The hypometabolic and hypoth-
ermic effect of sulfolane at a ta of 25 C lasted at least
2.5 hrs. Sulfolane had a similar effect on body temper-
ature at Ta's of 15 and 25 C, hence, the sulfolane-
treated rat had some control over body temperature
with decreasing Ta.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Temperature, Hypothermia,
Hypometabolism, Rats, Laboratory animals, Bioassay,
Dosage, Reprints, "Sulfolane.
PB86-169893/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Idaho Univ., Moscow.
Scaling the Physiological Effects of Exposure to
Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation: Con-
sequences of Body Size. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. J.Gordon, and J. H. Ferguson. c1984,13p EPA/
600/J-84/365
Pub. in International Jnl. of Radiation Biology, v46 n4
p387-397 Oct 84. Sponsored by Idaho Univ., Moscow.
The authors have demonstrated that a comparative
analysis of the physiological effects of exposure of lab-
oratory mammals to radiofrequency electromagnetic
radiation (RFR) may be useful in predicting exposure
thresholds for humans if the effect is assumed to be
due only to heating of tissue. The threshold specific
absorption rate (SAR) necessary to affect a thermore-
gulatory parameter shows an inverse and linear rela-
tionship to body mass. The inverse relationship be-
tween threshold SAR and body mass is attributed to a
surface area: body mass relationship. In comparison to
small mammals, relatively large mammals have a re-
duced capacity to dissipate an internal heat load pas-
sively, and are therefore physiologically more sensitive
to RFR exposure. The threshold for a thermoregula-
tory response depends on the type of response meas-
ured, species, ambient temperature, etc.
Keywords: "Radiation effects, "Electromagnetic fields,
Exposure, Physiological effects, Body size, Reprints.
PB86-169901 /HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Behavioural and Autonomic Thermoregulation In
Hamsters during Microwave-induced Heat Expo-
sure. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. J. Gordon, M. D. Long, and K. S. Fehlner. 1984,9p
EPA/600/J-84/364
Pub. in Jnl. of Thermal Biology, v9 n4 p271 -277 Oct 84.
Preferred ambient temperature (Ta) and ventilatory
frequency were measured in free-moving hamsters ex-
posed to 2450 MHz microwaves. A waveguide expo-
sure system which permits continuous monitoring of
the absorbed heat load accrued from microwave expo-
sure was imposed with a longitudinal temperature gra-
dient which allowed hamsters to select their preferred
Ta. Ventilatory frequency was monitored remotely by
analysing the rhythmic shifts in unabsorbed microwave
energy passing down the waveguide. Without micro-
wave exposure hamsters selected an average T2 of
30.2 C. This preferred Ta did not change untifthe rate
of heat absorption (SAR) from microwave exposure
exceeded approx. 2 W kg-1. In a separate experiment,
a SAR of 2.0 W kg-1 at a Ta of 30C was shown to pro-
mote an average 0.5 C increase in colonic tempera-
ture. Hamsters maintained their ventilatory frequency
at baseline levels by selecting a cooler Ta during
microwave exposure. These data support previous
studies suggesting that during thermal stress behavior-
al thermo-regulation (i.e. preferred Ta) takes presce-
dence over autonomic thermoregulation (i.e. ventila-
tory frequency). It is apparent that selecting a cooler
Ta is a more efficient and/or effective than autonomic
thermoregulation for dissipating a heat load accrued
from microwave exposure.
Keywords: "Microwaves, "Radiation effects, "Ther-
moregulation, Behavior, Hamsters, Exposure, Heat,
Reprints.
PB86-169919/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Geotechnlcal Quality Assurance of Construction
of Disposal Facilities (Journal Version),
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS. Geotechnical Lab.
S. J. Spigolon, and M. F. Kelley. C1984,15p EPA/600/
J-84/360
Pub. in Waste Management and Research 2, n4 p311-
323 Dec 84. See also PB84-155225. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
The paper summarizes the Technical Resource Docu-
ment (TRD) of the same title (EPA/600/2-84/040,
March 1984). Although the TRD specifically addresses
construction of hazardous waste disposal facilities in
the United States, most information is universally appli-
cable. The geotechnical parameters the permittee
should test, observe, and document during construc-
tion, operation, and closure of a disposal facility are
identified, as are: limitation of design properties tests;
applicability of index properties tests; statistical analy-
sis of sampling size, frequency, and distribution to sup-
port a quality assurance program; commonly used test
methods and the criteria for their selection; and a qual-
ity assurance program for the permittee of a hazardous
waste disposal facility.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Quality assurance,
"Solid waste disposal, Licenses, Field tests, Sites,
Earth fills, Quality control. Sampling, Laboratory equip-
ment.
PB86-169927/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Inactivation of Indigenous Viruses in Raw Sludge
by Air Drying. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D. A. Brashear, and R. L. Ward. C1983,5p EPA/600/J-
83/333
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v45
n6 p1943-1945 Jun 83. Prepared in cooperation with
Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH. Inst, of Medical Re-
search.
Air drying of raw sludge caused inactivation of indige-
nous viruses. A gradual loss of infectivity occurred with
the loss of water until the solids content reached about
80%. A more rapid decline of viral infectivity occurred
with further dewatering.
Keywords: "Drying, "Sludge disposal, 'Sewage treat-
ment, 'Viruses, Reprints.
PB86-169935/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Transport of Organic Contaminants In Ground-
water: Distribution and Fate of Chemicals in Sand
and Gravel Aquifers. Journal article.
Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
D. M. Mackay, P. V. Roberts, and J. A. Cherry. c1985,
12p EPA/600/J-85/339
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Science and Technology,
v19 n5 p384-392 May 85. Prepared in cooperation with
Waterloo Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Earth Sciences.
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
The state-of-knowledge of the physical, chemical, and
biological processes that are thought to affect organic
contaminants in ground water are reviewed. The dis-
cussion is confined to horizontal flow in uniform sand
and gravel aquifers. General principles governing con-
taminant transport are used to illustrate the conceptual
complexities of organic chemical transport in ground
water. Finally, the implications of ground water con-
tamination are discussed.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Ground water,
"Water pollution, Aquifers, Sands, Gravel, Dispersing,
Adsorption, Retarding, Trends, Liquid phases, Metals,
Concentration(Compositions), Interactions, Solids, pH,
Carbon tetrachloride, Chlorine aliphatic compounds,
Alkene compounds, Reprints, "Groundwater move-
ment, Leachate.
PB86-169943/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Temporal Response of Neurons to Ambient Heat-
ing In the Preoptic and Septal Area of the Unan-
esthetized Rabbit. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. J. Gordon, and E. C. White. c1985, 7p EPA/600/J-
85/334
Pub. in Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,
v82A n4 p879-884 Dec 85.
The firing rates of single neurons were recorded in the
septal and preoptic areas of unanesthetized rabbits
during brief periods of ambient heating. The temporal
response for neurons responsive to ambient tempera-
ture were calculated as the interval of time between
the onset of heating and the point at which the unit's
activity reached 63% (i.e. 1 -1 /e) of its total change in
activity. Thirty-one neurons were isolated in 5 rabbits.
Fourteen neurons were facilitated. 10 were inhibited
and 7 were unaffected by heating. Temporal re-
sponses ranged from <5 to 122s. The authors ob-
served a bimodal relationship in the number of neur-
onal responses to ambient temperature vs temporal vs
temporal response: a sharp 0- to <10-s peak compris-
ing 22% of all responses and a relatively broad peak
with a mode of 60 to <70s. These data resemble the
temporal response patterns of thermally excitable neu-
rons throughout the central nervous system.
Keywords; "Heating, "Central nervous system, Re-
sponses, Bioassay, Rabbits, Laboratory animals,
Stress(Physiology), Reprints.
PB66-169950/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Lagrangian Statistical Simulation of Concentra-
tion Mean and Fluctuation Fields. Journal article,
American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA.
B. L. Sawford. C1985,16p EPA/600/J-85/332
Pub. in Jnl. of Climate and Applied Meteorology, v24
nil p1152-1166 Nov 85. Prepared in cooperation with
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Or-
ganization, Aspendale (Australia). Div. of Atmospheric
Research. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric
Sciences Research Lab.
Langrangian statistical (Monte Carlo) simulations of
the mean and fluctuating concentration fields due to
turbulent dispersion are critically reviewed. Attention
has been restricted to work in which particle trajector-
ies are modeled directly, which in effect means simula-
tions based on the Langevin equation (or in finite dif-
ference form, Markov-chains) and its generalization.
The material covered has been selected and present-
ed so as to achieve an orderly progression from simple
to more complex turbulent flows. At present this field
involves many heuristic modeling assumptions and an
attempt is made to justify some of these by appeal to
special and limiting cases.
Keywords: Simulations, Concentration(Composition),
Models, Reprints, "Lagrangian functions.
PB86-169968/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
National Performance Audit Program Ambient Air
Audits of Analytical Proficiency -1984,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Div.
B. F. Parr, R. L. Lampe, G. Pratt, O. L. Dowler, and W.
J. Mitchell. Feb 86,63p EPA/600/4-86/013
See also PB85-138204.
The report presents the results of the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency's 1984 National Audit Pro-
gram by pollutant and by analytical method. Semiannu-
al audits were conducted for Pb, NQ3 and S04 (filter
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
strips) and one audit was conducted for S02 (bubbler),
N02 (bubbler), CO and high volume flow rate. Continu-
ous S02 monitors were audited throughout the year,
such that no monitor was audited more than once. Ap-
proximately 30 laboratories participated in each semi-
annual acid rain audit. Twenty laboratories participated
in the S02 bubbler audit, and 21 in the N02 audit, a
20% decrease from 1983. Approximately 55 laborato-
ries participated In each N03 and S04 audit and ap-
proximately 100 laboratories in each Pb audit. Three
hundred and thirty CO monitors, 221 S02 monitors
and 1402 high volume flow samplers were also audit-
ed. The results for each 1984 audit are presented in
tabular form for each concentration level. The overall
performance for all participants for each audit con-
ducted since the beginning of the program is also illus-
trated in a series of figures.
Keywords: "Auditing, "Air pollution, Sulfur dioxide, Ni-
trogen dioxides, Carbon monoxide, Sulfates,
Lead(Metal), Inorganic nitrates, Monitors,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), *Acid rain,
Air pollution sampling.
PB86-170628/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Technical Guidance Manual for Performing Waste
Load Allocations. Book 2. Streams and Rivers.
Chapter 3. Toxic Substances,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
C. G. Delos, W. L. Richardson, J. V. DePinto, R. B.
Ambrose, and P. W. Rodgers. Aug 84,41 ip EPA/440/
4-84/022
The document addresses methods for predicting con-
centrations of individual constituents resulting from
pollutant loads to the aquatic environment. Within the
context of the waste load allocation (WLA) process,
the methods predict the ambient concentrations ex-
pected to result from existing or projected pollutant
loadings. By relating the predicted concentrations to
ecosystem or human health effects levels, an appro-
priate level of pollution abatement can be specified,
tailored to protection of the environment of a specific
site. As the focus of the material is the prediction of
ambient concentrations, it will not address all facets of
the allowable load determination. In order to use pre-
dictions effectively, it is also necessary to establish (a)
a target for allowable concentrations, and (b) a target
frequency for not exceeding the allowable concentra-
tions.
Keywords: "Water pollution, Guidelines, Regulations,
Sewage treatment, Byproducts, Predictions,
Concentration(Composition), Models, Streams, Rivers,
"Toxic substances, Heavy metals.
PB86-170636/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Catalog of Pesticide Chemical Names and Their
Synonyms,
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Hazard Evaluation Div.
R. Coberly, E. H. McAloon, and E. Regelman. Jan 86,
254p EPA/540/9-86/106
See also PB80-182660.
The document contains an alphabetical listing of
active chemicals. It is an extensive pesticide collection
of chemical reference points compiled from 'Accepta-
ble Common Names and Chemical Names for the In-
gredient Statement on Pesticide Labels' (EPA-540/9-
77-017).
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Nomenclature, "Chemical
compounds, "Catalogs, Insecticides, Herbicides, List-
ings.
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, "Reregistra-
tion, "Toxic substances, Federal Insecticide and Ro-
denticide Act, CAS 4147-51 -7, Dipropetryn.
PB86-171386/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Precision and Accuracy Assessments for State
and Local Air Monitoring Networks, 1983,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Div.
R. C. Rhodes, and E. G. Evans. Feb 86,194p EPA/
600/4-86/012
Precision and accuracy data obtained from State and
local agencies during 1983 are summarized and evalu-
ated. Some comparisons are made with the results
previously reported for 1981 and 1982 to determine
the indication of any trends. Some trends indicated im-
provement in the completeness of reporting of preci-
sion and accuracy data. The national summaries indi-
cate a slight improvement in the precision and accura-
cy assessments of the pollutant monitoring data col-
lected. The annual results from each reporting organi-
zation are given so that comparison may be made from
1981 to 1983 and also with other reporting organiza-
tions. A comparison of the precision and accuracy data
from the Precision and Accuracy Reporting System
and that from the independent performance audit pro-
gram conducted by the Environmental Monitoring
System Laboratory is given.
Keywords: "Quality assurance, "Air pollution, Trends,
National government, State government, Regulations,
Sites, Sampling, Tables(Data), Comparison, Perform-
ance, Reporting, "Air quality data, Air sampling, Moni-
toring.
PB86-171394/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
RELMAP: A Regional Lagranglan Model of Air Pol-
lution - User's Guide. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
B. K. Eder, D. H. Coventry, T. L. Clark, and C. E.
Bollinger. Mar 86,139p EPA/600/8-86/013
Prepared in cooperation with Computer Sciences
Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The regional Lagrangian Model of Air Pollution
(RELMAP) is a mass conserving, Lagrangian model
that simulates ambient concentrations and wet and dry
depositions of S02, S04 =, and fine and coarse partic-
ulate matter over the eastern United States and south-
eastern Canada (default domain). Discrete puffs of
pollutants, which are released periodically over the
model's domain, are transported by wind fields and
subjected to linear chemical transformation and wet
and dry deposition processes. The model, which is
generally run for one month, can operate in two differ-
ent output modes. The first mode produces patterns of
ambient concentration, and wet and dry deposition
over the defined domain, and the second mode pro-
duces interregional exchange matrices over user-
specified source/receptor regions. RELMAP was writ-
ten in FORTRAN IV on the Sperry UNIVAC 1100/82,
and consists of 19 preprocessor programs that pre-
pare meteorological and emissions data for use in the
main program, which uses 17 subroutines to produce
the model simulations.
Keywords: "Lagrangian function, "Air pollution, "Sulfur
dioxide, "Photogrammetry, Aerial monitoring, Map-
ping, Triangulation, RELMAP(Relative Mapping Trian-
gulation), "Relative mapping triangulation.
PB86-171147/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Dipropetryn as the Active In-
redient.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jun 85, 92p EPA/540/RS-86/104
The document contains information regarding the re-
reqistration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
560 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB86-171402/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
MPDA-1: Meteorological Processor for Diffusion
Analysis • User's Guide,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. Paumier, D. Stinson, T. Kelly, C. Bollinger, and J. S.
Irwin. Mar 86,184p EPA/600/8-86/011
Prepared in cooperation with Computer Sciences
Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Version I of the Meteorological Processor for Diffusion
Analysis (MPDA-1) is a first attempt to provide a proc-
essor that can organize available meteorological data
into a format accessible to diffusion analysis. MPDA-1
provides methods for preparing three types of data:
National Weather Service (NWS) twice-daily radio-
sonde reports, NWS hourly surface observations, and
user-supplied on-site data. To incorporate the surface
scaling parameters, the meteorological processor is
structured in accordance with current concepts of the
idealized states of the planetary boundary layer. Pro-
files of wind velocity, temperature, and the standard
deviations of vertical and lateral wind velocity fluctua-
tions at user-specified heights are estimated. The
output from MPDA-1 was formatted to accommodate
the TUPOS Gaussian-plume model, which uses wind
fluctuation data to characterize the diffusion param-
eters. Future versions will provide additional output for-
mats to accommodate other popular diffusion estima-
tion models.
Keywords:	"Atmospheric	diffusion,
Wind(Meteorology), Mathematical prediction, Air pollu-
tion, Fortran, MPDA-1 processor, Preprocessors,
Computer applications, Gaussian plume models.
PB86-171410/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Treatment of Drinking Water by Bromide Addition
and Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption,
Cullen Coll. of Engineering, Houston, TX.
J. M. Symons, and P. L. K. Fu. Mar 86, 80p EPA/600/
2-86/032
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Although the phenomenon of the formation of trihalo-
methanes during the disinfection of drinking water with
free chlorine has been known for over ten years, water
utilities are still seeking effective methods of control,
while maintaining good disinfection. The brief study
was conducted to determine the feasibility of a new
approach to trihalomethane control. Reports in the lit-
erature state that predominantly bromine-substituted
trihalomethanes are adsorbed on activated carbon
better than predominantly chlorine-substituted trihalo-
methanes. The goal of the proposed treatment
scheme, therefore, was to minimize the concentration
of trihalomethanes in finished water by the addition of
bromide to water to deliberately create predominately
bromine-substituted trihalomethanes, that could sub-
sequently be removed by powdered activated carbon.
Keywords: "Potable water, 'Water treatment, "Activat-
ed carbon treatment, Bromides, Adsorption, Effective-
ness, Disinfection, Feasibility, Halogen organic com-
pounds, Concentration(Composition), Bromine organic
compounds, Chlorine organic compounds, pH, Chemi-
cal reactions, Reaction kinetics, Drinking water, Meth-
anes.
PB86-171428/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Selenium Oxidation and Removal by Ion Ex-
change,
Houston Univ., TX. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
J. V. Boegel, and D. A. Clifford. Mar 86, 78p EPA/600/
2-86/031
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Strong-base anion exchange was evaluated as a proc-
ess for the removal of trace quantities of selenium
from groundwater. The efficiency of the process was
found to be dependent on the oxidation state of seleni-
um, with the selenate anion (Se(VI)) having a greater
affinity for the anion-exchange resin than selenite or
biselenite anions (Se(IV)). An analytical method was
developed to measure the concentrations of Se(IV)
and Se(VI) (i.e., to determine the speciation of seleni-
um) at trace concentrations in groundwater. The oxida-
tion of Se(IV) to Se(VI) at trace concentration in
groundwater was studied with this new analytical
method.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Selenium, "Ion exchang-
ing, "Water pollution control, Removal, Oxidation
Anion exchanging, pH, Concentration(Composition)
Chemical reactions, Atomic spectroscopy, Adsorption'
Separation, Chlorine. Experimental data.
PB86-171436/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Groundwater and Leachate Treatability Studies at
Four Superfund Sites. Final rept. Mar 79-Dec 63,
Baker (Michael), Jr., Inc., Beaver, PA.
A. J. Shuckrow, A. P. Pajak, and C. J. Touhill. Mar 86,
149p EPA/600/2-86/029
Contract EPA-68-03-2766
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Selected wastewater treatment processes were evalu-
ated in bench-scale tests using contaminated ground-
waters arid leachates from four hazardous waste prob-
lem sites. The processes investigated were selected
on the basis of an extensive literature review and desk-
top analysis of 18 candidate processes. The proceed-
ing work is described in a report entitled 'Concentra-
tion Technologies for Hazardous Aqueous Waste
Treatment' (EPA 600/2-81-019). The processes re-
ported here include adsorption, biological treatment,
coagulation and precipitation, filtration, ozonation,
sedimentation, and stripping. The processes were
used singly and in various process train configurations.
Keywords: "Ground water, 'Hazardous materials,
"Waste treatment, Adsorption, Microorganism
control(Sewage), Earth fills, Filtration, Ion exchanging.
Ozonation, Coagulation, Precipitation(Chemistry), Acti-
vated carbon process, Tests, Industrial waste treat-
ment, Activated sludge process, Leachates, Liquid
wastes, Ammonia stripping.
PB86-171444/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Effects of Variable Hardness, pH, Alkalinity, Sus-
pended Clay, and Humlcs on the Chemical Specia-
tlon and Aquatic Toxicity of Copper,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
H. Nelson, D. Benoit, R. Erickson, V. Mattson, and J.
Lindberg. Mar 86,121 p EPA/600/3-86/023
Prepared in cooperation with Science Applications
International Corp., McLean, VA., and Wisconsin
Univ.-Superior. Center for Lake Superior Environmen-
tal Studies.
The effects of variable hardness, pH, alkalinity,
humics, and suspended clay on the chemical specia-
tion of copper and its toxicity to fathead minnow larvae
in Lake Superior water were investigated. Two pro-
posed methods (toxicity factors and chemical specia-
tion) for predicting LC50 values in specific natural
waters from laboratory toxicity data and the average
site specific values of general water quality parameters
were evaluated. The accuracy of the cupric ion selec-
tive electrode in determining CU+2 activities in ambi-
ent and chemically altered Lake Superior water was
also determined.
Keywords: "Minnows, "Copper, "Toxicity, "Water pol-
lution, "Lake Superior, Larvae, Humic acids, Clay soils,
Chemical properties, pH, Alkalinity,
Concentration(Composition), Inorganic compounds,
Calcium carbonates, Magnesium carbonates, LC 50.
PB86-171527/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Emission Factors for Equipment Leaks of VOC
(Volatile Organic Compound) and HAP (Hazardous
Air Pollutants),
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. H. E. Stelling. Jan 86,80p RAD-86-203-024-63-06,
EPA/450/3-86/002
Contract EPA-68-02-3889
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The report summarizes the development of emission
factors for volatile organic compound (VOC) equip-
ment leaks. The background information used in emis-
sion factor development is reviewed. The estimation
techniques for generation of VOC emission factors are
described and illustrated with an example. The appli-
cation of the estimation techniques is demonstrated
for both VOC and hazardous air pollutants (HAPs).
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Air pollution con-
trol, Toxicity, Industrial wastes. Organic compounds,
Volatility, Combustion products, "Volatile organic com-
pounds, Fugitive emissions.
PB86-171584/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Structure of the Planetary Boundary Layer and
Implications for Its Modeling. Journal article,
American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA.
J. C. Wyngaard. C1985,14p EPA/600/J-85/331
Pub. in Jnl. of Climate and Applied Meteorology. v24
nl 1 pi 131-1142 Nov 85. Prepared in cooperation with
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder,
CO. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences
Research Lab.
Through the innovative use of laboratory experiments,
numerical simulations, and direct measurements, re-
searchers have greatly extended our knowledge of
planetary boundary layer (PBL) structure over the last
15 years. The paper reviews some recent findings as
they bear on the modeling of both convective and
stable PBL's. While recent reviews indicate that some
PBL models used in air quality applications reflect little
of our current understanding, there is also encouraging
evidence that updating these models can be straight-
forward and rewarding. The time seems ripe for the de-
velopment of a new generation of PBL models, and
some issues involved in their optimum design are dis-
cussed.
Keywords: "Boundary layer, Atmosphere models, Air
quality, Reprints, "Atmospheric boundary layer, "Plan-
etary boundary layer.
PB86-171592/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Estimation of Toxicity to Marine Species with
Structure-Activity Models Developed to Estimate
Toxicity to Freshwater Fish. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
G. Zaroogian, J. F. Heltshe, and M. Johnson. c1985,
23p EPA/600/J-85/295, ERLN-636A
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology 6, p251-270 1985. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Rhode Island Univ., Kings-
ton.
Structure-activity models which were developed to es-
timate toxicity of chemicals to freshwater fish were
tested for use with an estuarine fish (Cyprinodon varie-
gatus) and mysids (Mysidopsis bahia). Significant
linear and polunomial relationships that correlated well
existed between reported 96h LC 50 values for each
marine species and log P (log octanol/water partition
coefficient). Good linear relationships were obtained
when the toxicity values for C. variegatus and M. bahia
were regressed on water solubility. These models
were compared to models developed for freshwater
fish using log P and log S. Models using log P to esti-
mate acute toxicity for two freshwater fish produced
toxicity values similar to those measured for C. Varie-
gatus and M. bahia, whereas those models developed
with water solubility produced values similar to those
for C. variegatus, but not for M. bahia. (Copyright (c)
1985 Elsevier Science publishers).
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Toxicity, "Fresh
water fishes, "Marine fishes, 'Estuaries, Correlation,
Mathematical models, Solubility, Estimates, Tests, Re-
Srints, LC 50, "Cyprinodon variegatus, Mysidopsis
ahia.
PB86-171600/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Influence of Breathing Mode and Activity Level on
the Regional Deposition of Inhaled Particles and
Implications for Regulatory Standards (March
1986),
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
F. J. Miller, T. B. Martonen, M. G. Menache, R. C.
Graham, and D. M. Spektor. Mar 86,19p EPA/600/D-
86/055
See also PB86-101128. Prepared in cooperation with
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.,
and New York Univ. Medical Center, NY.
Particulate size-selective sampling is an important
consideration in determining ambient air quality stand-
ards and threshold limit values for workplace expo-
sures. Hazard evaluations, as well as risk analyses,
can benefit from an improved understanding of factors
affecting regional respiratory tract deposition of parti-
cles in man. Here, thoracic deposition and its compo-
nent parts are examined, as a function of particulate
size, for ventilation rates ranging from normal respira-
tion to heavy exercise in individuals who are habitual
mouth breathers and in those who normally employ
oronasal breathing when minute ventilations exceed
approximately 35 Lmin-1. Nonlinear regression tech-
niques were used to fit logistic models of the form Y =
(1 +e alpha+beta log X)-1 to data from tests measur-
ing extrathoracic (ET) and tracheobronchial (TB) depo-
sition.
Keywords: "Particle size, "Regulations, "Standards,
"industrial hygiene, Risk, Ventilation, Exposure, Haz-
ardous materials, Public health, Respiratory systems,
"Occupational safety and health, "Air quality, "Indoor
air pollution, "Air pollution effects(Humans).
PB86-171618/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Predicting Single-Species Toxicity In Natural
Water Systems. Journal article,
Manhattan Coll., Bronx, NY. Dept. of Environmental
Engineering and Science.
J. P. Connolly. C1985, 12p EPA/600/J-85/338
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v4
p573-582 1985. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
A methodology is proposed to predict single-species
toxicity in natural waters by using laboratory bioassay
data which relate effect to a tissue concentration of
toxicant or to injury accumulation. Such relationships
should be independent of test conditions and therefore
transferable from lab to field. A mathematical model of
uptake and elimination of toxicants by fish is used to
relate exposure concentration to tissue concentration
and then to affect. Prediction of toxicity in a laboratory
test in which the exposure concentration varies in time
is presented as a first step in testing the methodology.
Survival time under time-varying exposure is calculat-
ed and compared to observed data. The model pre-
dicted survival times that were consistent with the ob-
served times. Whole-body residue is used as the esti-
mate of dose.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Toxicity, Fresh water bi-
ology, Contaminants, Bioassay, Mathematical model,
Fish, Mortality, Assessments, Zinc, Copper, Endrin,
Doses, Water pollution effects(Animals). Accumula-
tions, Laboratory tests.
PB86-171626/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of 1,2,4-Trlchlorobenzene on Estuarine
Macrobenthlc Communities Exposed via Water
and Sediment. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
M. E. Tagatz, G. R. Plaia, and C. H. Deans. 1985,12p
EPA/600/J-85/337
Pub. in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 10,
p351-360 1985.
Macrobenthic animal communities that colonized
sand-filled aquaria were exposed to 1,2,4-trichloroben-
zene (TCB), a recent replacement for poiychlorinated
blphenyls in the electrical industry. In one test, commu-
nities established by planktonic larvae entrained in
continuously supplied unfiltered seawater for 50 days
were exposed to waterborne TCB for 6 days; in the
second, the toxicant was added to the sediment
before 8 weeks of colonization. Concentrations that af-
fected community structure were usually two orders of
magnitude lower for waterborne TCB than for sedi-
ment-bound TCB, but the same types of organisms
were affected by each route of exposure. The lowest
TCB concentrations (measured) that affected average
numbers of individuals exposed via the water were
0.04 mg/liter for mollusks, 0.4 mg/liter for arthropods,
and 4 mg/liter for annelids. Average number of spe-
cies was significantly lower than the control at 4 mg/
liter. TCB persisted in sediments, but some leached
into water throughout the 8-week exposure via sedi-
ment.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Estuaries, Sediments, Re-
prints, "Benzene/trichloro, "Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB86-171634/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Relative Sensitivity of Six Estuarine Fishes to Car-
bophenothion, Chlorpyrlfos, and Fenvalerate.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
J. R. Clark, J. M. Patrick, D. P. Middaugh, and J. C.
Moore. 1985,11 p EPA/600/J-85/336
Pub. in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 10,
P382-390 1985.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The acute toxicity (96-hr LC50) of carbophenothion,
chlorpyrifos, and fenvalerate to six estuarine fishes
was determined in flow-through laboratory tests. The
atherinid fishes (Menidia menidia, M. peninsulae, M.
beryllina, and Leuresthes tenuis) consistently were
among the most sensitive species tested and were
similar to each other in their sensitivity to pesticides.
The sensitivity of sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon
variegatus) to carbophenothion was the same as that
of the atherinids. For fenvalerate, the sheepshead
minnow LC50 was an order of magnitude greater than
that of the most sensitive atherinid, whereas the LC50
for chlorpyrifos and sheepshead minnows was two
orders of magnitude greater. Gulf toadfish (Opsanus
beta) were the least sensitive fish tested with carbo-
phenothion and chlorpyrifos and their 96-hr LC50 for
fenvalerate ranked between the LC50 for sheepshead
minnows and atherinids. Test results were compared
to acute toxicity data for other estuarine fishes and in-
vertebrates.
Keywords: "Indicator species, 'Toxicology, Bioassay,
Fishes, Dosage, Reprints, 'Water pollution detection,
Bioindicators, Menidia, Carbophenothion, Chlorpyrifos,
Fenvalterate.
PB86-171642/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Updating Applied Diffusion Models. Journal article,
American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA.
J. C. Weil. C1985, 22p EPA/6O0/J-85/327
Pub. in Jnl. of Climate and Applied Meteorology, v24
n11 p1111 -1130 Nov 85. Prepared in cooperation with
Martin Marietta Labs., Baltimore, MD. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Most diffusion models currently used in air quality ap-
plications are substantially out of date with under-
standing of turbulence and diffusion in the planetary
boundary layer. Under a Cooperative Agreement with
the Environmental Protection Agency, the American
Meteorological Society organized a workshop to help
improve the basis of such models, their physics and
hopefully their performance. Reviews and recommen-
dations were made on models in three areas: diffusion
in the convective boundary layer (CBL), diffusion in the
stable boundary layer (SBL), and model uncertainty.
Progress has been made in all areas, but it is most sig-
nificant and ready for application to practical models in
the case of the CBL. This has resulted from a clear un-
derstanding of the vertical structure and diffusion in
the CBL, as demonstrated by laboratory experiments,
numerical simulations, and field observations. Under-
standing of turbulence structure and diffusion in the
SBL is less complete and not yet ready for general use
in applications.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric diffusion, 'Air pollution. Tur-
bulent diffusion, Models, Reprints.
PB86-171659/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Diffusion In the Stabiy Stratified Atmospheric
Boundary Layer. Journal article,
American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA.
J. C. R. Hunt. c1985,12p EPA/600/J-85/329
Pub. in Jnl. of Climate and Applied Meteorology, v24
n11 pi 187-1195 Nov 85. Prepared in cooperation with
Cambridge Univ. (England). Dept. of Applied Mathe-
matics and Theoretical Physics. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
The assumptions, techniques and methods of improv-
ing Gaussian plume modeling are briefly reviewed.
Then the statistical theory for the diffusion of a sub-
stance S into a turbulent flow in homogeneous and in-
homogeneous flows, and neutral and stabiy stratified
flows is introduced. In stably stratified flows the mixing
of the temperature and the substance S between fluid
elements is of critical importance in determining the
growth of a plume, so that the plume's depth is not in
general determined by the displacements of fluid ele-
ments through the source, not by the conventional La-
grangian statistics. But the plume depth, far downwind
of the source, can be related to the local thermal diffu-
sivity in the atmospheric boundary layer. The condi-
tions are deduced under which this result can be used
in stable conditions. The structure of turbulence in the
stable boundary layer (SBL) is discussed.
562 Vol. 90, No. 24
Keywords: 'Plumes, 'Air pollution, 'Transport proper-
ties, Mathematical models, Industrial wastes. Reprints,
Air quality, Lagrangian functions.
PB86-171667/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Estimation of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Pa-
rameters for Diffusion Applications. Journal article,
American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA.
A. P. van Ulden, and A. A. M. Holtslag. c1985,15p
EPA/600/J-85/328
Pub. in Jnl. of Climate and Applied Meteorology, v24
n11 p1196-1207 Nov 85. Prepared in cooperation with
Royal Netherlands Meteorological Inst., De Bilt. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research
Lab.
The paper gives the outline of a 'meteorological pre-
processor' for air pollution modeling. It is shown how
significantly more information can be extracted from
routinely available measurements than the traditional
Pasquill stability classes and power law wind speed
profiles. Also it is shown how additional special meas-
urements-if available-can be accommodated. The
methods are primarily intended for application in gen-
erally level, but not necessarily homogeneous terrain.
The improved characterization of the state of the plan-
etary boundary layer allows a more modern and prob-
ably more accurate description of diffusion. The paper
is an extended version of an introductory paper pre-
sented during the 'Workshop on Updating Applied Dif-
fusion Models' in Clearwater, Florida, January 1984.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric diffusion, Boundary layer,
Convection, Wind velocity, Mathematical models, Air
pollution, Reprints, Planetary boundary layer.
PB86-172046/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Emissions Characterization of Two Methanol
Fueled Transit Buses. Final rept. Apr-Sep 85,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
T. L. Ullman, and C. T. Hare. Feb 86,133p EPA/460/
3-85/011
Contract EPA-68-03-3192
Also pub. as SAE Technical Paper No. 860305. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor,
Ml. Emission Control Technology Div.
Exhaust emissions from the two methanol-powered
buses used in the California Methanol Bus Demonstra-
tion have been characterized. The M.A.N. SU 240 bus
is powered by M.A.N.'s D2566 FMUH methanol
engine, and utilizes catalytic exhaust aftertreatment.
The GMC RTS II 04 bus is powered by a first-genera-
tion DDAD 6V-92TA methanol engine without exhaust
aftertreatment. Emissions of HC, CO, NOxide, un-
burned methanol, aldehydes, total particulates, and
soluble fraction of particulate were determined for both
buses over steady-state and transient chassis dyna-
mometer test cycles. Emission levels from the M.A.N,
bus were considerably lower than those from the GMC
bus, with the exception of NOxide. Comparison of
emission levels from methanol-and diesel-powered
buses indicates that substantial reduction in emissions
(especially particulate and NOxide) are possible with
careful implementation of methanol fueling.
Keywords: 'Buses(Vehicles), 'Exhaust emissions,
Field tests, 'Methanol, Methanol fuels.
PB86-172095/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Preliminary Assessment of Hazardous Waste Pre-
treatment as an Air Pollution Control Technique.
Final rept. 25 Jul 83-31 Jul 84,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. J. Spivey, C. C. Allen, D. A. Green, J. P. Wood, and
R. L. S tailings. Mar 86,276p RTI-472U-2500-15, EPA/
600/2-86/028
Contract EPA-68-03-3149
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The report evaluates twelve commercially available
treatment techniques for their use in removing volatile
constituents from hazardous and potentially hazard-
ous waste streams. A case study of the cost of waste
treatment is also provided for each technique. The re-
sults show that air stripping or evaporation coupled
with carbon adsorption of the off gases: steam strip-
ping; and batch distillation are the most widely applica-
ble pretreatment techniques. The cost-effectiveness
of pretreatment varies widely with waste stream char-
acteristics and type of pretreatment, with typical values
being between $55 and $1,800 per megagram of vola-
tile removed.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Air pollution con-
trol, Carbon, Adsorption, Cost effectiveness, Volatility,
Waste treatment, Distillation, Toxic substances.
PB86-172384/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1):
Beacon Heights Site, Beacon Falls, Connecticut,
September 1985. Appendix D. Community Rela-
tions Responsiveness Summary.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Sep 85,37p EPA/ROD/R01 -85/010/D
See also PB86-134004.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The responsiveness summary for the Beacon Heights
Site documents for the public record concerns and
issues raised during remedial planning, comments
raised during the comment period on the feasibility
study, and the responses of EPA to these concerns.
Keywords: "Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, Landfill site, Water pollution, Public health,
'Superfund program, 'Beacon Heights, Liquid waste
disposal.
PB86-172392/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1):
Charles George Reclamation Trust Landfill,
Tyngsborough, Massachusetts (Second Remedial
Action), July 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
11 Jul 85,123pEPA/ROD/R01-85/008
See also PB85-213593.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The Charles George Land Reclamation Trust Landfill
(CGLRT) site is a 69-acre landfill located in Tyngsbor-
ough, Massachusetts about 30 miles northwest of
Boston and 4 miles south of Nashua, New Hampshire.
From 1955 until 1971, the site was operated as a mu-
nicipal dump. In 1973, CGLRT was issued a permit by
the Massachusetts Division of Water Pollution control
to handle hazardous wastes in addition to municipal
and domestic refuse. Disposal of hazardous wastes
and substances, primarily in the form of drummed and
bulk chemicals containing volatile organics and toxic
metal sludges, continued from January 1973 to at least
June 1976. The exact quantity of hazardous sub-
stances disposed at the site is unknown. Records sub-
mitted by the landfill operators and other available in-
formation show that at least 2,500 cubic yards of
chemical waste material were landfilled and over one-
thousand pounds of mercury were disposed of at the
site.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution, Inorganic compounds,
Organic compounds, 'Solid waste management, 'Su-
perfund program, 'Land reclamation, 'Municipal
wastes.
PB86-172400/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1):
Hocomonco Pond, Westborough, Massachusetts,
September 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 85,219p EPA/ROD/R01-85/011
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Hocomonco Pond site consists of approximately
23 acres, located in the Town of Westborough
Worcester County, Massachusetts, and is bordered on
the northwest by Hocomonco Pond. Research into the
past activities at the Hocomonco Pond Site indicates
that from 1928 to 1946, the site was used for a wood-
treating operation by Montan Treating Company and
American Lumber and Treating Company. This busi-
ness consisted of saturating wood products (e.g., tele-
phone poles, railroad ties, pilings and fence posts) with
creosote to preserve them. During the operations
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
as the 'former lagoon'). The lagoon was excavated on
the property to intercept and contain spillage and
waste from the wood-treating operation. As this lagoon
became filled with waste creosote, sludges, and water,
its contents were pumped into two depressions, re-
ferred to as Kettle Pond, which is located east of the
site, near the west side of Otis Street.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, Site surveys, Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution, Inorganic compounds,
Organic compounds, "Solid waste management, "Su-
perfund program, "Land reclamation, "Municipal
wastes.
PB86-172418/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Suparfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1):
Nyanza Chemical Waste Dump Site, Ashland, Mas-
sachusetts, September 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
4 Sep 85,88p EPA/ROD/R01 -85/013
The Nyanza Chemical Waste Dump site occupies 35
acres on the north and south sides of Megunco Road
in the Village of Ashland in Middlesex County, MA, ap-
proximately 35 miles west of Boston. The Nyanza site
was occupied from 1917 to 1978 by a succession of
companies involved in the production of textile dyes
and intermediates. Large volumes of industrial waste
water generated by these companies, containing high
levels of acids and numerous organic and inorganic
chemicals, including mercury, were partially treated
and discharged into the Sudbury River via a small un-
named stream (referred to as Chemical Brook). Large
volumes of chemical sludges generated by the waste
water treatment processes along with spent solvents,
off specification products, and other chemical wastes
were buried onsite. The area that contains the largest
amount of buried waste and exposed sludge is re-
ferred to as the 'Hill' section.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution, Inorganic compounds,
Organic compounds, "Solid waste management, "Su-
perfund program, "Land reclamation, "Municipal
wastes.
PB86-172426/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1):
Cannon's Engineering Corporation (CEC)-Plym-
outh Site, Plymouth, Massachusetts, September
1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 85, 78p EPA/ROD/R01-85/014
The Cannon Engineering Corporation (CEC) Plymouth
Site is located in Cordage Park, a business and indus-
trial park bordering Plymouth Harbor, in Plymouth,
Massachusetts. The site consists of 2.5 acres which
includes three above ground storage tanks, two of
which are estimated to have nominal storage capac-
ities in excess of 250,000 gallons each, and one which
has an estimated 500,000 gallon capacity. The tanks
were originally used for the storage of 6 marine fuel oil
and bunker C oil. In 1976, CEC rented one tank for the
reported storage of waste oil and later rented a second
tank. Allegedly, CEC used the tanks to store hazard-
ous wastes. In 1979, CEC was licensed by the Massa-
chusetts Department of Environmental Quality Engi-
neering (DEOE) to store motor oils, industrial oils and
emulsions, solvents, laquers, organic chemicals, inor-
ganic chemicals, cyanide and plating waste, clay and
filter media containing chemicals, plating sludge, oily
solids and pesticides. Potential problems observed at
the site included slow leakage at the bottom seams of
one of the tanks; adequacy of earthen dikes surround-
ing the tanks; odor complaints; and leaks from tank
side valves.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, Sites, Licenses, Leaching,
Soils, Ground water, Solid waste disposal, Industrial
wastes, Massachusetts, "Solid waste management,
'Superfund program, "Land reclamation,
Plymouth(Massachusetts).
PB86-172434/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Sinclair Refinery Site, Welisvllle, New York, Sep-
tember 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 85,128p EPA/ROD/R02-85/017
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The former 103-acre Sinclair Oil Refinery is located in
the Town of Wellsville, Allegany County, New York.
The site was originally developed as an oil refinery
during the late 1800s and was operated by the Wells-
ville Refining Company. Products manufactured at the
site included lubricating oils and grease, fuel oil,
naptha, gasoline, lighter fluid and paraffin. In 1924, the
Wellsville Refining Company sold the property and
plant to Sinclair Refining Company which maintained
and operated the refinery until 1958, when operations
ceased as a result of a fire. While the refinery was in
operation, the southernmost portion of the property
was used as a landfill to dispose of approximately
230,000 yd3 of wastes. Substances deposited in the
landfill consisted of drummed waste, oily and tarry
sludges, and hazardous waste compounds in other
forms.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, Sites, Licenses, Leaching,
Soils, Ground water, Solid waste disposal, Industrial
wastes. New Vork, 'Solid waste management, "Super-
fund program, "Land reclamation, Allegany
County(New York).
PB86-172442/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Gloucester Environmental Management Services
(OEMS) Landfill, Gloucester Township, Camden
County, New Jersey, September 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
27 Sep 85,130p EPA/ROD/R02-85/019
The 60-acre GEMS Landfill site is located in Glouces-
ter Township, New Jersey. Gloucester Township has
owned the GEMS site from the late 1950's up to the
present. During the time period the GEMS Landfill has
been operated by various parties as a disposal site for
solid, liquid and hazardous wastes and substances.
Records indicate that a variety of industrial wastes in-
cluding asbestos, solvents and other materials were
disposed of at the GEMS site between 1970 and 1979.
In 1980, sludge from the City of Philadelphia's north-
east wastewater treatment facility was disposed of at
GEMS. Analyses of the sludge revealed the presence
of dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethane (DDD). The results
of the Rl show that ground water, surface water (Holly
Run) and soil are severely contaminated with organic
and inorganic hazardous substances. Also, volatile or-
ganic compounds are volatilizing into the atmosphere
and significantly degrading air quality.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, Sites, Licenses, Leaching,
Soils, Ground water, Solid waste disposal, Industrial
wastes, New Jersey, "Solid waste management, "Su-
perfund program, "Land reclamation, Glouster(New
Jersey).
PB86-172459/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Helen Kramer Landfill, Mantua Township, New
Jersey, September 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
27 Sep 85, 123p EPA/ROD/R02-85/020
The Helen Kramer Landfill is located in Mantua Town-
ship, Gloucester County, New Jersey. The site encom-
passes a 66-acre refuse area and an 11-acre stressed
area between the refuse and Edwards Run which is lo-
cated immediately east of the landfill. The Helen
Kramer Landfill site was originally operated as a sand
and gravel pit. The site became an operating landfill
between 1963 and 1965, during which time iandfilling
occurred simultaneously with sand excavation. In
1963, large volumes of wastes were deposited just
north of the south ravine. Ponds of standing liquid were
also located around the north ravine. Between 1963
and 1965, the fill was extended into the south ravine,
and the north ravine was filled and graded. Very little is
known about the landfill activities between 1965 and
1970. Throughout 1970 to 1981 it was alleged by area
residents that sporadic chemical dumping continued.
Keywords: "Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, Sites, Licenses, Leaching,
Soils, Ground water, Solid waste disposal, Industrial
wastes, New Jersey, 'Solid waste management, 'Su-
perfund program, "Land reclamation, Gloucester
County(New Jersey).
PB86-172467/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Swope Oil Company, Pennsauken, New Jersey,
September 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
27 Sep 85,86p EPA/ROD/R02-85/021
The Swope Oil Company site is located in an industrial
complex in northern Pennsauken Township, Camden
County, New Jersey. Swope Oil operated a chemical
reclamation operation at this two-acre site from 1965
until December 1979. Operations included buying, sell-
ing, dealing in, manufacturing, and processing, chemi-
cals, chemical compounds and paints. Products proc-
essed at the site included phosphate esters, hydraulic
fluids, paints and varnishes, solvents, oils, plasticizers,
and printing inks. Waste liquids and sludges from the
Swope Oil operation were discharged to an excavated,
unlined lagoon. Contaminated material was also
ponded within a diked tank farm and in an exposed
drum storage area. The Company, which ceased oper-
ation in December 1979, has declined to take any
action at the site.
Keywords: "Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution, Inorganic compounds,
Organic compounds, 'Solid waste management, "Su-
perfund program, 'Land reclamation, "Municipal
wastes.
PB86-172475/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Bog Creek Farm, Howell Township, New Jersey,
September 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 85, 85p EPA/ROD/R02-85/022
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The twelve-acre Bog Creek Farm is located in Howell
Township, Monmouth County, New Jersey. The site
consists of a four-acre disposal area, a manmade
pond and a dike. Bog Creek Farm was purchased in
June 1973 by Western Ranch Corporation, an entity
owned by Fred and Margaret Barry. It is alleged that in
1973 and 1974 the Barry's dumped wastes at Bog
Creek Farm generated from a paint manufacturing op-
eration that they owned. These wastes, reportedly bulk
liquids and sludges, were dumped on the ground and
in a trench. Samples of the wastes taken during the Rl
confirmed the presence of a wide variety of organic
compounds and heavy metals. Total Volatile Organic
(TVO) concentrations in the soil were found as high as
44,000 ppm. The pond and a bog which lies just east of
the site are particularly contaminated with TVO con-
centrations as high as 23 ppm and 494 ppm, respec-
tively.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, Sites, Licenses, Leaching,
Soils, Ground water, Solid waste disposal, Industrial
wastes, New Jersey, "Solid waste management, "Su-
perfund program, 'Land reclamation, Monmouth(New
Jersey).
PB86-172483/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Liparl Landfill, Mantua Township, New Jersey
(Second Remedial Action), September 1985. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 85,157p EPA/ROD/R02-85/023
See also PB85-213718.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The Lipari Landfill site is located in Mantua Township,
Gloucester County, New Jersey and is adjacent to the
towns of Pitman and Glassboro. The site is approxi-
mately fifteen acres in size; six acres of which were
used for hazardous waste Iandfilling activities. Trench-
es excavated for sand and gravel were backfilled with
municipal refuse, household wastes, liquid and semi-
solid chemical wastes, and other industrial wastes. Al-
though no detailed records were kept, it has been esti-
mated that 12,000 cubic yards of solid wastes and 2.9
million gallons of liquid wastes were disposed of at the
site. Wastes reported to have been disposed of in-
clude solvents, paint thinners, formaldehyde paints,
phenol and amine wastes, dust-coilector residues,
resins and ester press cakes.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Licenses,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Public health, Water pollution, Inorganic compounds,
Organic compounds, 'Solid waste management, "Su-
perfund program, 'Land reclamation, "Municipal
wastes.
PB86-172491/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
American Creosote Works, Inc., Pensacola, Flori-
da, September 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 65, 56p EPA/ROD/R04-85/O06
The American Creosote Works, Inc. (ACW) site occu-
pies approximately 12 acres in a moderately dense,
commercial and residential district of Pensacola, Flori-
da. Wood-preserving operations were carried out at
the ACW site from 1902 until December, 1981. Prior to
1950, creosote was exclusively used to treat poles.
Use of pentachlorophenol (PCP) started in 1950 and
steadily increased in the later years of the ACW oper-
ations. During its operations, liquid process wastes
were discharged into the two unlined, onsite surface
impoundments. Prior to 1970, waste waters in these
ponds were allowed to overflow through a spillway and
follow a drainage course into Bayou Chico and Pensa-
cola Bay. In subsequent years, waste waters were pe-
riodically drawn off the ponds and discharged into des-
ignated 'spillage areas' on site. Additional discharges
occurred during periods of heavy rainfall and flooding,
when the ponds overflowed the containment dikes.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution, Inorganic compounds,
Organic compounds, 'Solid waste management, 'Su-
perfund program, "Land reclamation, 'Municipal
wastes.
PB86-172509/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
LeHlllier/Mankato Site, Mankato, Minnesota, Sep-
tember 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
27 Sep 85, 31 p EPA/ROD/R05-85/024
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The LeHillier/Mankato site is located in south-central
Minnesota approximately 80 miles southwest of Min-
neapolis-St. Paul, adjacent to the City of Mankato. The
LeHillier area contained numerous natural and man-
made depressions resulting from changes in the chan-
nels of the Minnesota and Blue Earth Rivers, and from
excavation of sand and gravel. Between 1925 and
1960, these depressions were filled with miscellane-
ous rubbish. No records of the dumping activities or
types of waste materials were kept. In the fall of 1981,
the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) re-
ceived information alleging that hazardous wastes had
been disposed of at several dumps or fill areas in Le-
Hillier, A followup investigation confirmed the exist-
ence of these disposal areas and contamination of the
shallow sand and gravel aquifer with volatile haloge-
nated hydrocarbons, primarily trichloroethylene (TCE).
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution, Inorganic compounds,
Organic compounds, 'Solid waste management, "Su-
perfund program, 'Land reclamation, 'Municipal
wastes.
PB86-172517/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
New Brighton/St. Anthony, Ramsey County, Min-
nesota (Initial Remedial Measure), August 1984.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
2 Aug 84,17p EPA/ROD/R05-84/029
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The New Brighton/Arden Hills site is located immedi-
ately north of Minneapolis/St. Paul. Minnesota. The
'site' actually includes portions of the municipalities of
Shoreview, Arden Hills, Moundsview, New Brighton
and St. Anthony. The site presently consists of more
than 18 square miles of ground water contaminated
with volatile organics. In June 1981, the Minnesota
Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) and the Minnesota
Department of Health (MDH) found organic solvent
contamination in ground water used for municipal
drinking water in the City of New Brighton, which lies
immediately to the northeast of St. Anthony and Min-
neapolis. The original June 1981 sampling showed no
564 Vol. 90, No. 24
contamination in the St. Anthony wells; but by late
1981, unquantifiable traces of trichloroethylene (TCE)
contamination began to appear in city well number 3.
From 1982 to 1984, TCE levels in well number 3 gradu-
ally rose to the 8-10 ppb range with a peak level of 23
ppb. In addition, dichloroethylene (DCE) levels gradu-
ally rose to levels averaging approximately 1 ppb, with
a peak of 1.7 ppb.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, Sites, Licenses, Leaching.
Soils, Ground water, Solid waste disposal, Industrial
wastes, Minnesota, 'Solid waste management, 'Su-
perfund program, 'Land reclamation.
PB86-172525/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 10):
Western Processing Company, Inc., Kent, Wash-
ington (Second Remedial Action), September
1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
25 Sep 85,65p* EPA/ROD/R10-85/005
See also PB85-214195.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The Western Processing site occupies approximately
13 acres in Kent, King County, Washington. Originally,
Western Processing was a reprocessor of animal by-
products and brewer's yeast. In the 1960s the busi-
ness expanded to recycle, reclaim, treat and dispose
of many industrial wastes, including waste oils, electro-
plating wastes, waste pickle liquor, battery acids, steel
mill flue dust, pesticides, spent solvents, and zinc
dross. Some of the Pacific Northwest's largest indus-
tries had contracts with Western Processing to handle
their wastes. In March 1981, EPA inspected the site
and found numerous RCRA violations. Further investi-
gations found extensive contamination of soil, surface
water and ground water both on- and offsite. This
prompted EPA to issue a CERCLA Section 106 order
in April 1983, requiring the owners/operators to cease
operations immediately. Current investigations have
found approximately 90 of the 126 priority pollutants in
in the soil or ground water on and off the Western
Processing site, or in Mill Creek.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, Sites, Licenses, Leaching,
Soils, Ground water, Solid waste disposal, Industrial
wastes, Washington(State), "Solid waste manage-
ment, 'Superfund program, 'Land reclamation, Kent
County (Washington).
PB86-172533/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Sand, Gravel and Stone Site, Elkton, Cecil County,
Maryland, September 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 85, 55p EPA/ROD/R03-85/015
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Sand, Gravel and Stone site consists of approxi-
mately 200 acres, and is located in Elkton, Cecil
County, Maryland. The site was previously operated as
a sand and gravel quarry under the name Maryland
Sand and Gravelstone Company. Currently, the site is
occupied by the Sand, Gravel, and Stone Company. It
was reported that about three acres onsite were used
for the disposal of waste processing water, sludge, still
bottoms, and about 90 drums of solid and semisolid
waste between 1969 and 1974. On July 16, 1974,
1,300 gallons of flammable products in drums were re-
portedly received and dumped. On August 5, 1974,
5,000 gallons of nonflammable materials were re-
ceived at the site. Pits, excavated onsite, were used as
surface impoundments, where approximately 700,000
gallons of waste were dumped. Remedial measures at
the site will be implemented in two phases.
Keywords: "Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, Site surveys, Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution, Inorganic compounds,
Organic compounds, "Solid waste management, "Su-
perfund program, "Land reclamation, 'Municipal
wastes.
PB86-172541/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Douglassville Disposal Site, Berks County, Penn-
sylvania, September 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
27 Sep 85,45p EPA/ROD/H03-85/016
The Douglassville Disposal Site occupies approxi-
mately 50 acres of land along the southern bank of the
Schuylkill River in southeastern Berks County, Union
Township, Pennsylvania. Site operations included lu-
bricating oil recycling in 1941 and waste solvents recy-
cling in the 1950's and 1960's. Wastes generated from
these operations were stored in several lagoons locat-
ed in the northern half of the site until 1972. In Novem-
ber 1970, ten days of heavy rain caused the lagoons to
overflow and breach safety dikes releasing 2-3 million
gallons of wastes. The dikes were repaired and a Fed-
eral decree was issued stating that no more waste ma-
terial was to be stored in the lagoons. Actions were
also initiated to dispose of remaining waste materials.
Before the action could be carried out, tropical storm
Agnes caused the Schuylkill River to overflow its
banks and inundate the entire site. An estimated 6 to 8
million gallons of wastes were released and carried
downstream by floodwaters for about 15 miles.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, Sites, Licenses. Leaching,
Soils, Ground water, Solid waste disposal, Industrial
wastes, Pennsylvania, 'Solid waste management,
'Superfund program, 'Land reclamation, Berks
County(Pennsylvania).
PB86-172558/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5)c
Forest Waste Disposal Site, Genesee County„
Michigan (Action Memorandum for Initial Remedi-
al Measure), February 1984. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
29 Feb 84,7p EPA/ROD/R05-84/028
Forest Waste Disposal is located on a 112-acre tract
of land, in a rural, residential area in the southeast
quarter of Forest Township, Genesee County, Michi-
gan. This location is approximately 12 miles northeast
of Flint, and approximately 2 miles northwest of the city
of Otisville. Forest Waste Disposal is a closed, 15-acre
landfill which was licensed from 1972 to 1978 to
accept general refuse and industrial wastes. During
the course of operations, the facility accepted a variety
of industrial wastes, including plating wastes, paint
sludges, and waste oils. The facility also accepted
PBB and PCB-contaminated wastes, refuse from a
chemical warehouse fire, and unidentified barrels from
Berlin and Farro hazardous waste site in Swartz Creek,
Michigan. Although the landfill was permitted by the
Michigan Department of Natural Resources to accept
most of these wastes, the facility was run in a haphaz-
ard manner. County Health Department records on the
site state that trenches were dug randomly, industrial
wastes were buried with general refuse, and liquid
wastes were discharged into the landfill and onto the
ground throughout the landfill's operation.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, Site surveys, Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution, Inorganic compounds!
Organic compounds, "Solid waste management, *§£
perfund program, "Land reclamation, "Municipal
wastes.
PB88-172566/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3k
Moyer Landfill Site, Collegevilie, Pennsylvania,
September 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
30 Sep 85,56p EPA/ROD/R03-85/018
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Moyer Landfill is an inactive privately owned land-
fill located in Lower Providence Township in Montgom-
ery County, Pennsylvania. The site was operated as a
municipal landfill from the 1940's until April 1981
during which time it received municipal refuse and
sewage sludges. According to local Federal Bureau of
Investigation (FBI) officials, the landfill accepted a vari-
ety of solid and liquid hazardous wastes, including pol-
ychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), solvents, paints, low-
level radioactive wastes, and incinerated materials in
bulk form and/or containerized in drums. In 197a
when the Pennsylvania Dept. of Environmental R&!
sources (PADER) rules and regulations became more
restrictive, this landfill was cited, and finally in 1981 it
was closed and brought into receivership of the U S
District Court.	" '
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Licenses.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Organic compounds, "Solid waste management, *Su-
pertund program, "Land reclamation, "Municipal
wastes.
PB86-172814/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Pendimethalin as the Active
Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Mar 85, 125p EPA/540/RS-86/110
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, 'Reregistra-
tion, "Toxic substances, Federal Insecticide and Ro-
denticide Act, "Pendimethalin.
PB86-173135/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Potassium Permanganate as
the Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 85,82p EPA/540/RS-86/105
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging. Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, 'Reregistra-
tion, 'Toxic substances, Federal Insecticide and Ro-
denticide Act, 'Potassium permanganate, CAS 7722-
64-7.
PB86-173184/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Cyhexatin as the Active In-
redient.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jun 85,107p EPA/540/RS-86/108
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, 'Reregistra-
tion. 'Toxic substances, Federal Insecticide and Ro-
denticide Act, "Cyhexatin.
PB86-173580/HSU	PC E99
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK-
Lubbock Land Treatment System Research ana
Demonstration Project
Lubbock Christian Coll., TX. Inst, of Water Research.
Feb 86,1832p-in 5v
Set includes PB86-173598 through PB86-173630.
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
No abstract available.
Keywords: Sew.
PB86-173598/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Lubbock Land Treatment System Research and
Demonstration Project. Volume 1. Demonstration/
Hydrogeologic Study. Final rept. 27 Nov 78-31 Dec
85,
Lubbock Christian Coll., TX. Inst, of Water Research.
D. B. George, D. B. Leftwich, N. A. Klein, B. J. Claborn,
and R. M. Sweazy. Feb 86,640p EPA/600/2-86/027A
See also PB86-173606. Prepared in cooperation with
Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock. Sponsored by Robert S.
Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB86-
173580.
The Lubbock Land Treatment System Research and
Demonstration Project, funded by Congress in 1978
(H.R. 9375), was designed to address the various
issues concerning the use of slow rate land application
of municipal wastewater. Information provided in the
volume details the system operations, ground water ef-
fects of reduced hydraulic loading on the Gray farm
and ground water hydraulic and quality changes at the
Hancock farm resulting from wastewater irrigation
practices.
Keywords: "Hydrogeology, "Sewage disposal,
"Sewage treatment, Municipalities, Waste water, Hy-
drologic cycle, Runoff, Ground water, Sprinkler irriga-
tion, Agriculture, Flow rate, Requirements, Hydraulic
conductivity, Water quality, Nutrients, Percolation,
Texas, 'Sewage irrigation, 'Land application.
PB86-173606/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Lubbock Land Treatment System Research and
Demonstration Project. Volume 2. Percolate In-
vestigation in the Root Zone. Final rept. 27 Nov 78-
31 Dec 85,
Lubbock Christian Coll., TX. Inst, of Water Research.
R. H. Ramsey, and R. M. Sweazy. Feb 86,162p EPA/
600/2-86/027B
See also PB86-173598, and PB86-173614. Prepared
in cooperation with Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock. Spon-
sored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab.,
Ada, OK.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB86-
173580.
The Lubbock Land Treatment System Research and
Demonstration Project, funded by Congress in 1978
(H.R. 9375), was designed to address the various
issues concerning the use of slow rate land application
of municipal wastewater. The project involved the (1)
physical expansion of an overloaded 40-year old Lub-
bock slow rate land treatment system; (2) character-
ization of the chemical, biological and physical condi-
tions of the ground water, soils and crop prior to and
during irrigation with secondary treated municipal
wastewater; (3) evaluation of the health effects associ-
ated with the slow rate land application of secondary
effluent and (4) assessment of the effects of hydraulic,
nutrient and salt mass loadings on crops, soil and per-
colate. Percolate investigations, described in the
volume, evaluated the fate of infiltrating nutrients from
applied wastewaters in the root zone at test plots lo-
cated on both study farms.
Keywords: 'Hydrology, 'Sewage disposal, 'Sewage
treatment, Fluid infiltration, Nutrients, Waste water,
Percolation, Field tests, Farm crops, Soil profiles,
Sprinkler irrigation, Water pollution, Ground water,
Texas, 'Sewage irrigation, 'Land application, Roots.
PB86-173614/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Lubbock Land Treatment System Research and
Demonstration Project. Volume 3. Agricultural Re-
search Study. Final rept. 27 Nov 78-31 Dec 85,
Lubbock Christian Coll., TX. Inst, of Water Research.
D. B. George, N. A. Klein, and D. B. Leftwich. Feb 86,
269p EPA/600/2-86/027C
See also PB86-173606, and PB86-173622. Sponsored
by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB86-
173580.
The Lubbock Land Treatment System Research and
Demonstration Project, funded by Congress in 1978
(H.R. 9375), was designed to address the various
issues concerning the use of slow rate land application
of municipal wastewater. The volume details the agri-
cultural research program conducted at both the old
farm with reduced hydraulic loading and the new farm
which previously had been operated as a dry land
farm.
Keywords: 'Sewage disposal, 'Sewage treatment,
Farms, Hydraulic conductivity. Flow rate, Waste water
reuse, Sewage irrigation, Inorganic salts, Nutrients,
Water pollution, Texas, "Sewage irrigation, 'Land ap-
plication.
PB86-173622/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Lubbock Land Treatment System Research and
Demonstration Project. Volume 4. Lubbock Infec-
tion Surveillance Study (LISS). Project rept.,
Lubbock Christian Coll., TX. Inst, of Water Research.
D. E. Camann, P. J. Graham, M. N. Guentzel, H. J.
Harding, and K. T. Kimball. Feb 86,636p EPA/600/2-
86/027D
See also PB86-173614, and PB86-173630. Prepared
in cooperation with Southwest Research Inst., San An-
tonio, TX., and Illinois Univ. at Chicago Circle. Spon-
sored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab.,
Ada, OK., and Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB86-
173580.
The study was conducted to identify possible adverse
effects on human health from slow-rate (sprinkler) land
application of wastewater which contained pathogens.
An epidemiological study of 478 area residents and
farm workers was maintained during the first 20
months of sprinkler operation and during the 20-month
period immediately preceding initiation of wastewater
irrigation. Blood samples were analyzed for antibody
titers to 23 viruses, Legionella and Entamoeba histoly-
tica. Fecal specimens were collected to isolate patho-
gens; electron microscopic examination was per-
formed to detect virus-like particles, and tuberculin
skin tests were administered. Weekly illness informa-
tion was provided by participants. Microorganisms
were measured in the wastewater, aerosols and drink-
ing water. An index of relative cumulative exposure of
each participant to the wastewater aerosol was calcu-
lated. The association of viral infections with aerosol
exposure showed a dose effect.
Keywords: 'Epidemiology, 'Sewage disposal,
"Sewage treatment, Farms, Personnel, Viruses, Micro-
organisms, Aerosols, Waste water, Bacteria, Tests,
Sprinkler irrigation, Risk, Exposure, Feces, Dosage,
Texas, 'Sewage irrigation, 'Land application, Drinking
water.
PB88-173830/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Lubbock Land Treatment System Research and
Demonstration Project. Volume 5. Executive Sum-
mary. Final rept. 27 Nov 78-31 Dec 85,
Lubbock Christian Coll., TX. Inst, of Water Research.
D. B. George, N. L. Altman, D. E. Camann, P. J.
Graham, and M. N. Guntzel, Feb 86,125p EPA/600/2-
86/027E
See also PB86-173622. Prepared in cooperation with
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX., Illinois
Univ. at Chicago Circle, and Texas Univ. at San Anto-
nio. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Re-
search Lab., Ada, OK.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB86-
173580.
The Lubbock Land Treatment System Research and
Demonstration Project, funded by Congress in 1978
(H.R. 9375), was designed to address the various
issues concerning the use of slow rate land application
of municipal wastewater. The project involved the (1)
physical expansion of overloaded 40 year old Lubbock
slow rate land treatment system; (2) characterization
of the chemical, biological and physical conditions of
the ground water, soils and crops prior to and during ir-
rigation with secondary treated municipal wastewater;
(3) evaluation of the health effects associated with the
slow rate land application of secondary effluent and (4)
assessment of the effects of hydraulic, nutrient and
salt mass loadings on crops, soil and percolate.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords; "Sewage disposal, "Sewage treatment,
Municipalities, Sprinkler irrigation. Ground water,
Chemical properties, Microorganisms, Viruses, Public
health. Farm crops, Personnel, Nutrients, Texas,
"Sewage irrigation, "Land application.
PB86-173861 /HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Naptalam as the Active In-
gredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Mar 85, 85p EPA/540/RS-86/120
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, "Reregistra-
tion, *Toxic substances, Federal Insecticide and Ro-
denticide Act, "Naptalam, CAS 132-66-1.
PB86-173879/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Perfluidone as the Active In-
gredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 85,88p EPA/540/RS-86/115
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, "Reregistra-
tion, "Toxic substances, Federal Insecticide and Ro-
denticide Act, "Perfluidone, CAS 37924-13-2.
PB86-173887/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Picloram as the Active Ingre-
dient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Mar 85,111p EPA/540/RS-86/117
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health. Regulations, "Reregistra-
tion, "Toxic substances, Federal Insecticide and Ro-
denticide Act, Picloram, CAS 2545-60-0.
PB86-173895/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Monocrotophos as the
Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 85,112p EPA/540/RS-86/119
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, "Reregistra-
tion, "Toxic substances, Federal Insecticide and Ro-
denticide Act, "Monocrotophos.
PB86-173929/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Sodium Omadine as the
Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jul 85, 92p EPA/540/RS-86/113
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, "Reregistra-
tion, "Toxic substances, Federal Insecticide and Ro-
denticide Act, "Sodium omadine, CAS 15922-78-8.
PB86-173937/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Sulfuryl Fluoride as the
Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jun 85,89p EPA/540/RS-86/114
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products. Public health. Regulations, "Reregistra-
tion, "Toxic substances. Federal Insecticide and Ro-
denticide Act, "Sulfuryl fluoride.
PB86-174059/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Status of the EPA (Environmental Protection
Agency) Spray Painting Transfer Efficiency Re-
search Program. Published paper May 84-Feb 86,
Centec Corp., Reston, VA.
C. H. Darvin, and K. C. Kennedy. Mar 86,15p EPA/
600/D-86/057
Contract EPA-68-03-1952
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper gives the status of a 5-year EPA research
program on spray painting transfer efficiency. The ob-
jective of the program has been to develop a laborato-
ry transfer efficiency measurement method, with the
ultimate goal of a production-line-standardized trans-
fer efficiency method. The EPA program was designed
and initiated to develop the necessary background and
research data to permit development of a standardized
transfer efficiency test method. To ensure as broad
participation in the program as possible, numerous
sources in the industry were contacted and their as-
sistance solicited where possible. In numerous in-
stances equipment, personnel, and facilities were do-
nated to support the program. Three systems are dis-
cussed: air-atomized conventional, air-atomized elec-
trostatic, and airless spray.
Keywords: 'Spray painting, "Air pollution, Measure-
ment, Transferring, Efficiency, Organic compounds,
Tests, Volatile matter.
PB86-174067/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Highlights in U.S. Technological Development in
Landfilling of Sludge,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
J. B. Farrell. Mar 86, 31 p EPA/600/D-86/056
The presentation reviews practice and important de-
velopments in the technology of disposition of munici-
pal wastewater sludge in sludge and sludge-refuse
landfills. EPA's regulations of landfilling and this
impact on the technology are presented. The increase
in use of predictive models in the regulation and design
of landfills is cited. New knowledge and developments
in the technology of sludge and sludge-refuse landfills
is presented. The recommendation is made that
sludge and refuse be disposed together rather than to
separate landfills in order to reduce total environmen-
tal impact.
Keywords: "Sludge disposal. "Earth fills, "Municipali-
ties, Refuse, Waste water, Mixtures, Wildlife, Trends,
Environmental impacts, Public health, Ground water,
Surface waters, Disease, Air pollution, Safety, Mathe-
matical models, Sludge digestion, Gases, "Land appli-
cation, Leachate, Chemical oxygen demand.
PB86-174075/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Factors Affecting the Corrosion of
Galvanized Steel,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
F. H. Haynie. Apr 86,19p EPA/600/D-86/061
Galvanized steel samples were exposed for periods of
up to 30 months at nine air monitoring sites in the St.
Louis, Missouri area. Climatic and air quality data were
recorded during the exposure periods and were sub-
jected to a rigorous evaluation to eliminate recording
errors and to estimate missing values. Weight loss was
used as the measure of zinc corrosion on the galva-
nized steel. Corrosion rate was evaluated with respect
to (1) fluxes of pollutants (sulfur oxides, nitrogen
oxides, oxidants, and particles) to the galvanized steel
during both wet and dry periods, (2) temperature and
(3) amount of rainfall at Lambert field (airport). Differ-
ent definitions of when the galvanized steel was wet
were evaluated to determine the most likely 'critical
relative humidity'. A theoretical model of film buildup
and dissolution was developed to explain how factors
affect corrosion rates. Non-linear and linear multiple
regression techniques were used to determine the sta-
tistical significance of each factor.
Keywords: "Corrosion, "Steels, "Galvanized materials,
Environmental tests.
PB86-174182/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Propachlor as the Active In-
gredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 84,103p EPA/540/RS-86/116
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, "Reregistra-
tion, "Toxic substances, Federal Insecticide and Ro-
denticide Act, "Propachlor, CAS 1918-16-7.
PB86-174216/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Metrlbuzin as the Active ln-
§redient.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jun 85,152p EPA/540/RS-86/118
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, "Reregistra-
tion, "Toxic substances, Federal Insecticide and Ro-
denticide Act, "Metribuzin.
PB86-174281/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Report to Congress on Training for Operators of
Publicly Owned Wastewater Treatment Plants.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Municipal Pollution Control.
Feb 85,68p
The report of the Environmental Protection Agency to
the U.S. Congress on the development of improved
wastewater treatment plant operator training programs
to assist publicly owned facilities compliance to the
Clean Water Act.
Keywords: 'Personnel development, "Sewage treat-
ment, Operations, Maintenance, Technical assistance,
Objectives, Government policies, Training, Sewage
treatment plants.
PB86-174489/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Updated Carcinogenicity Assessment for Tetrach-
loroethylene (Perchloroethylene, PERC, PCE): Ad-
dendum to the Health Assessment Document for
Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene). Exter-
nal Review Draft,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
C. W. Chen, C. B. Hiremath, and J. C. Parker. Apr 86,
82p EPA/600/1-82/005FA
See also PB85-249704.
The Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
has prepared the addendum to serve as a source doc-
ument for EPA use. The addendum updates EPA's
July 1985 Health Assessment Document for Tetrach-
loroethylene (Perchloroethylene, PERC, PCE) by pro-
viding a review of the findings of the draft National
Toxicology Program (NTP) Technical Report on the
Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Tetrachlor-
oethylene in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (Inhala-
tion studies). The addendum discusses the ways in
which the data impact assessment of the weight-of-
evidence for the carcinogenicity of PCE, and uses rele-
vant data to develop a revised unit risk estimate for in-
halation exposure to PCE.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Exposure, Laboratory ani-
mals, Assessments, Malignant neoplasms, Liver, Bac-
teria, "Toxic substances, "Occupational safety and
health, Pharmacokinetics, Environmental health,
'Perchloroethylene, PERC, PCE.
PB86-174679/HSU	PC A04
Guidance for the Reregistratlon of Pesticide
Products Containing Potassium Bromide (KBr) as
the Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1985, 64p
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Contents: Regulatory position and rationale; Require-
ment for submission of generic data; Requirement for
submission of product-specific data; Submission of re-
vised labeling and packaging information; Instructions
for submission.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products. Public health, Regulations, * Registra-
tion, "Toxic substances, Federal Insecticide and Ro-
denticide Act, "Potassium bromide.
PB86-175098/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstration of Pesticide
Products Containing Cyanazlne as the Active In-
redient.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 84, 108p EPA/540/RS-86/109
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, "Reregistra-
tion, "Toxic substances, Federal Insecticide and Ro-
denticide Act, "Cyanazine.
PB86-175106/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
National Air Audit System Guidance Manual for FY
1986 - FY 1987.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Dec 85, 302p EPA/450/2-85/008
The purpose of developing national air audit system
guidelines is to establish standardized criteria for EPA
Regions to follow when auditing State air program ac-
tivities. The document, prepared jointly by the State
and Territorial Air Pollution Program Administrators
(STAPPA), the Association of Local Air Pollution Con-
trol Officials (ALAPCO), and the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, provides national air audit guidelines for
air quality planning and SIP activities, new source
review, compliance assurance, air monitoring, and ve-
hicle inspection and maintenance programs.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Audits, State gov-
ernment, Reviews, "Air quality, "National air audit
system, Compliance, Monitoring.
PB86-175114/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstration of Pesticide
Products Containing Lindane as the Active Ingre-
dient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 85, 292p EPA/540/RS-86-121
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, Rereglstra-
tion, "Toxic substances, Federal Insecticide and Ro-
denticide Act, "Lindane, CAS 58-89-9.
PB86-175320/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Cellular Effects In Microbial Tester Strains Caused
by Exposure to Microwaves or Elevated Tempera-
tures. Journal article,
Howard Univ., Washington, DC. Dept. of Botany.
S. K. Dutta, W. H. Nelson, C. F. Blackman, and D. J.
Brusick. C1980,14p EPA/600/J-79/154
Grant EPA-R-803561
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Pathology and Toxicol-
ogy 3, n1 -2 p195-206 Dec 79. Prepared in cooperation
with Litton Bionetics, Inc., Kensington, MD. Sponsored
by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Several tester strains of Salmonella typhimurium, TA-
98, TA-100, TA-1535, and TA-1538; Escherichia coli,
W3110 (pol A+) and p3438 (pol A-, repair deficient);
and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, D3, D4, and D5 were
tested for lethal and mutagenic events when exposed
to elevated temperatures or to x-band, pulsed micro-
wave radiation at various power densities. When com-
pared to E. coli pol A+ under growing conditions, E.
coli pol A- exhibited decreased cell growth when ex-
posed to microwave radiation at power levels at or
above 20 mW/sq. cm. as well as to temperature levels
above 42 C. All yeast and other bacterial strains
showed cellular lethality at similar microwave intensi-
ties and elevated temperatures. When exposed to ele-
vated temperatures in saline, both quiescent yeast and
Salmonella strains exhibited lethal events.
Keywords: "Microwaves, "Radiation effects, "Heat,
Bacteria, Cells(Biology), Reprints, Mutagenesis.
PB86-175338/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Neurotoxlcology-Assessment of
Nervous System and Behavioral Dysfunction Held
at Duesseldorf, Germany, F.R. on March 29-31,
1982 and World Congress of IBRO (1st) on The
Brain In Health and Disease' Held at Lausanne,
Switzerland: Introduction. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. S. Dyer. 1982, 3p EPA/600/J-82/455
Pub. in Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology 4,
n6 1 p Nov/Dec 82. See also PB86-175346.
The issue of Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratol-
ogy contains a collection of papers presented at two
conferences which were sponsored in part by the
Neurotoxicology Division, U.S.E.P.A. The first confer-
ence, 'Environmental Neurotoxicology - Assessment
of Nervous System and Behavioral Dysfunction' was
held at the University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, F.R.G.
on March 29-31,1982, as a satellite symposium to the
1st World Congress of IBRO on 'The Brain in Health
and Disease,' held in Lausanne.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Pesticides, Meetings, Nerv-
ous system, Reprints, 'Neurotoxicology.
PB86-175346/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Neurotoxlcology-Assessment of
Nervous System and Behavioral Dysfunction Held
at Duesseldorf, Germany, F.R. on March 29-31,
1982 and World Congress of IBRO (1st) on 'The
Brain In Health and Disease' Held at Lausanne,
Switzerland: Summary Remarks. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. W. Reiter. 1982, 4p EPA/600/J-82/456
Pub. in Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology, v4
n6 p745-746 Nov 82. See also PB86-175338.
A pressing need in the field of environmental neurotox-
icology continues to be the development and valida-
tion of neurobehavioral test methods. It was appropri-
ate therefore, that this conference focused on the ap-
plicability of different test methods to the assessment
of nervous system dysfunction. The conference orga-
nizers are to be commended for bringing together such
a diverse group of scientists whose research interests
range from the molecular level to the level of complex
behaviors and whose experiments vary from carefully
controlled in vitro studies to studies on human popula-
tions inadvertently exposed to toxic substances. Many
important concepts in neurotoxicology were raised in
the presentations and the author attempts to highlight
these in his summary remarks.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Nervous system, Test meth-
ods, Reprints, "Neurotoxicology.
PB88-175353/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Maternal Hepatic Effects of 1,2,4,5-Tetrachloro-
benzene In the Rat. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
K. T. Kitchin, and M. T. Ebron. 1983,13p EPA/600/J-
83/334
See also PB84-101765. Pub. in Environmental Re-
search 32, n1 p134-144 Oct 83.
1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene (TCB) is an industrial in-
termediate used in the production of 2,4,5-trichloro-
phenoxyacetic acid. This herbicide contains trace
quantities of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
(TCDD). Because of possible maternal hepatic or re-
productive effects of this uncharged, low-molecular
weight, lipophilic chlorinated benzene 0, 30,100, 300,
and 1000 mg/kg/day of TCB was orally administered
to rats on Days 9, 10,11,12 and 13 of gestation and
the animals were sacrificed on Day 14 of pregnancy.
No maternal deaths were recorded and body weight
gain was significantly decreased only in the 1000 mg/
kg/day group. Maternal liver weight, liver to body ratio,
and hepatic microsomal protein content were unaffect-
ed by TCB treatment. Although Day 14 NADPH-cy-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tochrome c reductase activity was not affected, the
maternal hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 con-
tent was significantly increased by administration of
1000 mg/kg/day of TCB. Microsomal N-demethylation
of aminopyrine was slightly increased from 2.4 to 3.4
and 3.5 nmole/mg protein/min at doses of 300 and
1000 mg/kgTCB.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Embryos, Liver, Rats, Labora-
tory animals, Ingestion(Biology), Pregnancy, Reprints,
"Benzene/tetrachloro.
PB86-175361/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Stochasticity In Stream Fish Communities: An Al-
ternative Interpretation. Journal article,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Ecology,
Ethology and Evolution.
P. R. Yant, J. R. Karr, and P. L. Angermeier. c1984,13p
EPA/600/J-84/369
Pub. in American Naturalist, v124 n4 p573-582 Oct 84.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Grossman argued that communities can be classified
as either deterministic or stochastic. Deterministic
communities are characterized by persistence (or suc-
cession toward a climax) while communities that lack
these properties are stochastic. These descriptors
were intended to replace the terms equilibrium and
nonequilibrium, respectively. Grossman et al.(1982)
used this conceptual framework to examine fish col-
lections taken over a 12 yr. period from one stream site
in Indiana. They defined community persistence as sig-
nificant correlation in ranked abundances of 10 sea-
sonally most abundant species, measured with Ken-
dall's coefficient of concordance. Because this test
showed no significant similarity among autumn sam-
ples, they concluded that this community was not per-
sistent and that 'this assemblage is probably regulated
by stochastic factors'. The authors disagree with this
conclusion. In choices of study site, sample method,
replication, emphasized season, and analytical ap-
proach, they believe Grossman et al. took options
most likely to show variability. (Copyright (c) 1984 by
the University of Chicago).
Keywords: "Populations, "Fishes, "Streams, Sam-
pling, Concepts, Ecological succession, Stochastic
processes, Abundance, Seasonal variations, Variabili-
ty, Conflicts, Indiana, Reprints.
PB86-175379/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Silica and Volcanic Ash on the Content
of Lung Alveolar and Tissue Phospholipids. Jour-
nal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D. J. Kornbrust, and G. E. Hatch. C1984,16p EPA/
600/J-84/362
Pub. in Environmental Research 35, p140-153 Oct 84.
Prepared in cooperation with Research Triangle Inst.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Silica or volcanic ash (VA) was administered to rats via
intratracheal instillation and the changes in extracellu-
lar (i.e., lavage fluid) and tissue phospholipids, as well
as various biochemical parameters, were monitored
over a six month period. VA produced relatively minor
(up to 2.8-fold) increases in lung tissue or lavage fluid
phospholipids that were maximal at one month post-in-
stillation. These increases were quantitatively similar
to the increases in protein and DNA content of lung
tissue and lavage fluid induced by VA and, thus, may
be attributable to hypercellularity and accumulation of
cellular breakdown products in the alveolar lumen. In-
stillation of silica produced a much greater (up to 11 -
fold) increase than VA in total phospholipid over time,
primarily due to a 14-fold increase in phosphatidylcho-
line (PC). The accumulation of PC was more pro-
nounced in the lavage fluid during the first month fol-
lowing silica instillation, but thereafter progressed
more rapidly in the lung tissue.
Keywords: "Silicon dioxide, "Volcanic ejecta, "Toxicol-
0qy Lung, Pathology, Rats, Laboratory animals. Al-
veoii, Phospholipids, Reprints, "Air pollution
effec'ts(Animals).
PB86-175387/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Role of Glutathione Depletion in the Cytotoxicity
of Acetaminophen in a Primary Culture System of
Rat Hepatocytes. Journal article.
Procter and Gamble Co., Cincinnati, OH. Miami Valley
Labs.
D. B. Mitchell, D. Acosta, and J. V. Bruckner. C1985,
22p EPA/600/J-85/343
Pub. in Toxicology 37, p127-146 Oct 85. Prepared in
cooperation with Texas Univ. at Austin. Dept. of Phar-
macology and Toxicology, and Georgia Univ., Athens.
Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology. Sponsored by
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
A primary culture system of postnatal rat hepatocytes
was utilized to study the cytotoxicity of acetaminophen
and the toxicological significance of glutathione (GSH)
depletion. The relative time of onset and magnitude of
GSH depletion, lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity were
contrasted in order to gain insight into their interrela-
tionships. Exposure of the hepatocytes to acetamino-
phen resulted in time-and dose-dependent depletion
of cellular GSH. The acetaminophen-induced GSH de-
pletion and ensuing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
leakage were quite modest and delayed in onset, in
contrast to that caused by iodoacetamide (IAA) and by
diethylmaleate (DEM), 2 well-known depletors of GSH.
There was comparable LDH leakage, irrespective of
drug treatment, when GSH levels decreased to about
20% of normal. Reduction of GSH levels below the
20% threshold by IAA treatment resulted in marked
LDH leakage and loss of viability.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Rats, Hepatocytes, Depletion,
Laboratory animals, Reprints, "Cytotoxicity, Acetamin-
ophen, Glutathione.
PB86-17539S/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Human Exposures to Volatile Halogenated Organ-
ic Chemicals in Indoor and Outdoor Air. Journal ar-
ticle,
Pittsburgh Univ., PA. Graduate School of Public
Health.
J. B. Andelman. c1985,8p EPA/600/J-85/344
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v62 p313-
318 Oct 85. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Volatile halogenated organic chemicals are found in
indoor and outdoor air, often at concentrations sub-
stantially above those in remote, unpopulated areas.
The outdoor ambient concentrations vary considerably
among sampling stations throughout the United
States, as well as diurnally and daily. The vapor pres-
sures and air-water equilibrium (Henry's Law) con-
stants of these chemicals influence considerably the
likely relative human exposures for the air and water
routes. Volatilization of chemicals from indoor uses of
water can be a substantial source of exposure, as
shown for radon-222. Measurements of air concentra-
tions of trichlorethylene (TCE) in showers using TCE
contaminated groundwater show increases with time
to as high as one-third of occupational threshold limit
values. Using a scaled down experimental shower,
such volatilization and subsequent decay in air was
also demonstrated. Using a simplified indoor air model
and assuming complete volatilization from a full range
of typical water uses within the home, calculations indi-
cate that the expected air inhalation exposures can be
substantially higher than those from ingestion of these
chemicals in drinking water. Although the regulation of
toxic chemicals in potable water supplies has focused
traditionally on direct ingestion, the volatilization and
inhalation from other much greater volume indoor uses
of water should be considered as well.
Keywords: "Halogen organic compounds, Humans,
Exposure, Toxicology, Halohydrocarbons, Reprints,
"Air pollution detection. Air sampling.
PB88-175403/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Role for the Magnetic Field In the Radiation-In-
duced Efflux of Calcium Ions from Brain Tissue 'In
vitro'. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. F. Blackman, S. G. Benane, J. R. Rabinowitz, D. E.
House, and W. T. Joines. c1985,13p EPA/600/J-85/
345
Pub. in Bioelectromagnetics 6, n4 p327-337 Dec 85.
Two independent laboratories have demonstrated that
specific frequencies of electromagnetic radiation can
cause a change in the efflux of calcium ions from brain
tissue in vitro. Under a static magnetic field intensity of
38 microTesIa (microT) due to the earth's magnetic
field, 15- and 45-Hz electromagnetic signals (40 Vp-p/
m in air) have been shown to induce a change in the
efflux of calcium ions from the exposed tissues, while
1- and 30-Hz signals do not. The authors now show
that the effective 15-Hz signal can be rendered inef-
fective when the net static magnetic field is reduced to
19 microT with Helmholtz coils. In addition, the ineffec-
tive 30-Hz signal becomes effective when the static
magnetic field is changed to + or - 25.3 microT or to
+ or - 76 microT. These results demonstrate that the
net intensity of the static magnetic field is an important
variable. The results appear to describe a resonance-
like relationship in which the extremely-low-frequency
electromagnetic field that can induce a change in
efflux is proportional to a product of the net magnetic
field intensity and an index, 2n +1, where n = 0,1.
Keywords: "Central nervous system, "Magnetic fields,
Brain, Tissues(Biology), In vitro analysis, Reprints,
"Calcium ions.
PB86-17S411/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Investigation of Possible Age Effects on Meiotlc
Chromosomal Recombination and Segregation In
Armenian Hamster Spermatocytes. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. W. Allen, and C. W. Gwaltney. 1985,9p EPA/600/J-
85/346
Pub. in Cytobios 43, n172/173 p225-232 Dec 85.
Male Armenian hamsters (Cricetulus migratorius;
2N:22) were evaluated for age effects upon meiotic re-
combination and aneuploidy incidence. Primary sper-
matocytes from young and old animals revealed simi-
lar chiasma frequencies. The incidence of terminal-
type chiasmata in sex bivalents was also measured
and determined to be unaffected by age. Percentages
of univalents and of hyperploid metaphase II cells
were evaluated by chromosome groups, based upon
individual chromosome morphologies. Regardless of
age, the larger dichiasmate chromosomes were
seldom observed as univalents, or as extra chromo-
somes in hyperploid cells. The monochiasmate small
autosomes and sex chromosomes were noted with
frequencies approximating 5.5 - 6.5% in animals from
both age groups. However, only the small autosomes
appeared to be significantly implicated in hyperploidy.
Although still a rare event, metaphase II hyperploidy
was significantly increased in older animals (0.9% Inci-
dence in young; 2.4% in old).
Keywords: "Meiosis, "Aging(Bioiogy), "Spermato-
cytes, Hamsters, Chromosomes, Reprints.
PB86-175429/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Thermoregulation In Mice Following Acute Chlor-
dlmeform Administration. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. J. Gordon, M. D. Long, and A. G. Stead. 1965, 9d
EPA/600/J-85/347
Pub. in Toxicology Letters 28, n1 p9-15 Oct 85.
CBA/J mice were injected intraperitoneally with the
formamidine insecticide chlordimeform (CDM) while
colonic temperature, preferred ambient temperature
(Ta), and lethality were monitored. In the first experi-
ment there was a dose-dependent decrease in colonic
temperature when measured 60 min after administer-
ing CDM doses of 0,15,30,60, and 75 mg/kg. The hy-
pothermic effect of CDM was more pronounced at a
Ta of 20 C than at 30 C. In the second experiment
CDM at doses greater than 30 mg/kg caused a dose
dependent reduction in preferred Ta from the normal
of approx. 30 C down to approx. 22 C. Thus, the COM-
treated mouse lowers body temperature by selecting a
cool Ta which accelerates the hypothermic effect In
the final experiment, a 90 mg/kg i.p. injection of CDM
(the approximate LD50 dose) caused 10% and 0%
mortality at a Ta of 20 and 30 C, respectively, and 80%
mortality at a Ta of 35 C.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Thermoregulation, Mice
Laboratory animals, Reprints, "Chlordimeform.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-175437/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Development of a Comparative Potency Method
for Cancer Risk Assessment of Complex Mixtures
Using Short-Term 'In vivo' and 'In vitro' Bloas-
says. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. Lewtas. 1985,13p EPA/600/J-85/348
Pub. in Toxicology and Industrial Health, v1 n4 p193-
203 1985.
A comparative potency method for cancer risk assess-
ment has been developed based upon a constant rela-
tive potency hypothesis. This method was developed
and tested using data from a battery of short-term mu-
tagenesis bioassays, animal tumorigenicity data and
human lung cancer risk estimations. This data base
was developed for a series of complex mixtures includ-
ing emissions from coke ovens, roofing tar pots, ciga-
rette smoke, and automotive engines. The series of
automobiles used in the study included both diesel-
and gasoline-powered vehicles. The assumptions in-
herent in this method are discussed together with the
methods and data base used to test these assump-
tions.
Keywords: 'Bioassay, In vivo analysis, In vitro analy-
sis, Comparison, Reprints, 'Carcinogenesis, Risk as-
sessment.
PB86-17544S/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Reproductive Effects Assessment Group's Report
on the Mutagenicity of Inorganic Arsenic. Journal
article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
D. Jacobson-Kram, and D. Montalbano. c1985,20p
EPA/600/J-85/349
Pub. in Environmental Mutagenesis 7, p787-804 1985.
Prepared in cooperation with Gallaudet Coll., Washing-
ton, DC.
Various inorganic compounds of arsenic have been
tested for mutagenicity in a variety of test systems
ranging in complexity from bacteria to peripheral lym-
phocytes of exposed human beings. Although a great
deal of the data are contradictory, the weight of evi-
dence supports the following conclusions: (1) Arsenic
is either inactive or extremely weak for the induction of
gene mutations in vitro, (2) Arsenic is clastogenic and
induces sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in a variety
of cell types, including human cells, in vitro; trivalent
arsenic is approximately an order of magnitude more
potent than pentavalent arsenic. (3) Arsenic does not
appear to induce chromosome aberrations in vivo in
experimental animals; (4) Several studies suggest that
human beings exposed to arsenic demonstrate higher
frequencies of SCE and chromosomal aberrations in
peripheral lymphocytes; the quality of these studies is
generally poor.
Keywords: *Reproduction(Biology), "Toxicology, 'Ar-
senic inorganic compounds, Metalloids, Bioassay, In
vitro analysis, Chromosomes, In vivo analysis, Deoxyri-
bonucleic acid, Reprints, 'Mutagenesis.
PB86-175452/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Mouse Liver Tumor Data: Assessment of Carcino-
genic Activity. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
M. A. Pereira. 1985,25p EPA/600/J-85/350
Pub. in Toxicology ana Industrial Health, v1 n4 p311-
333 Dec 85.
A significant number of chemicals have been shown to
be carcinogenic in mouse liver while lacking carcino-
genic activity in other organs or tissues of mice or rats.
The review focus on the reasons lor the unique sus-
ceptibility of the mouse liver to these carcinogens, and
the extent the carcinogenic activity of a chemical in
mouse liver can be used to predict carcinogenicity in
humans. Many of these mouse liver carcinogens lack
genotoxic activity and as such have been proposed to
be tumor promoters. The limited amount of evidence
for their tumor promoting activity is reviewed Two
mechanisms are reviewed that may explain the action
of non-genotoxic carcinogens in mouse liver. These
are (1) direct-action on precursor cancer cells, either
to accelerate their growth or to prevent their death,
and (2) the selective growth advantage, resulting from
regenerative hyperplasia of precursor cancer cells in
response to the necrosis of normal cells produced by
hepatotoxins.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Neoplasms, 'Liver, Mice, Pa-
thology, Reprints, "Carcinogenesis.
PB86-175460/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Outbreak of Norwalk-Related Gastroenteritis at a
Boys' Camp. Journal article,
Massachusetts Univ. Medical School, Worcester.
S. Jenkins, J. T. Horman, E. Israel, G. Cukor, and N. R.
Blacklow. C1985, 5p EPA/600/J-85/351
Pub. in American Jnl. of Diseases of Children, v139
P787-789 Aug 85. Prepared in cooperation with Cen-
ters for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA. Sponsored by
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
An acute gastrointestinal illness affected 213 (52%) of
407 campers and 64 (52%) of 121 staff attending a
boy's camp in the Catoctin Mountains of Maryland
during the summer of 1981. Nausea was the predomi-
nant symptom for ill campers and staff (73%), but
more staff members experienced diarrhea (49%) than
did campers (9%, p 0.001). Eight of nine paired blood
specimens from ill staff members showed a 4-fold in-
crease in antibody titer to Norwalk agent by radioim-
munoassay. A common source could not be identified
for the outbreak. The slope and pattern of the epidem-
ic curve were compatible with a person-to-person
spread. It is hypothesized that the outbreak was initiat-
ed by the arrival of new campers in the middle of the
season and perpetuated by the close personal contact
provided by camp life.
Keywords: 'Diseases, Signs and symptoms, Children,
Epidemiology, Reprints, 'Gastroenteritis, Radioim-
munoassay.
PB86-175478/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Acute Toxicity of Monochlorophenols, Dichioro-
phenols and Pentachlorophenol in the Mouse.
Journal article,
Medical Coll. of Virginia, Richmond. Dept. of Pharma-
cology and Toxicology.
J. F. Borzelleca, J R. Hayes, L. W. Condie, and J. L.
Egle. C1985,6p EPA/600/J-85/352
Grant EPA-R-808861
Pub. in Toxicology Letters, v29 n1 p39-42 Dec 85.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Cincin-
nati, OH.
Acute oral LD50 values were determined for 2-, 3-, and
4-chlorophenol; 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5-, 2,6-, 3,4-, and 3,5 dich-
lorophenol and pentachlorophenol in male and female
mice. LD50 values (mg/kg) ranged from 117 (females)
and 177 (males) for pentachlorophenol to 2389 (fe-
males) and 2643 (males) for 3,5-dichlorophenol. It was
found that 2-chlorophenol and 3-chlorophenol were
considerably more toxic than the dichlorophenol
series. Values for males and females were generally
similar, the major differences being with pentachloro-
phenol and 2,5-dichlorophenol where in both cases
the female LD50 was lower.
Keywords: "Toxicity, 'Phenols, Bioassay, Mice, Labo-
ratory animals, Dosage, Chlorine organic compounds,
Reprints, Phenol/clichloro, Phenol/monochloro,
Phenol/pentachloro.
PB86-175486/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Development of Methods to Measure Virus Inactl-
vation In Fresh Waters. Journal article,
James N. Gamble Inst, of Medical Research, Cincin-
nati, OH.
R. L. Ward, and P. E. Winston. C1985,7p EPA/600/J-
85/353
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v50
n5 p1144-1148 Nov 85. Sponsored by Health Effects
Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The study concerns the identification and correction of
deficiencies in methods used to measure inactivation
rates of enteric viruses seeded into environmental
waters. It was found that viable microorganisms in an
environmental water sample increased greatly after
addition of small amounts of nutrients normally present
in the unpurified seed virus preparation. This burst of
microbial growth was not observed after seeding the
water with purified virus. The use of radioactlvely-la-
beled poliovirus revealed that a high percentage of
virus particles, sometimes >99%, were lost through
adherence to containers, especially on less turbid
waters. This effect was partially overcome by the use
of polypropylene containers and by the absence of
movement during incubation. Adherence to containers
clearly demonstrated the need for labeled viruses to
monitor losses in this type of study. Loss of viral infec-
tivity in samples found to occur during freezing was
avoided by addition of broth.
Keywords: "Fresh water, 'Viruses, 'Water pollution
control, Enteroviruses, Measurement, Reprints, Inacti-
vation.
PB86-175494/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Gas Chromatographic Mlcromethod for Trace De-
terminations of Phenols. Journal article,
National Center for Ground Water Research, Norman,
OK.
G. Bengtsson. c1985, 7p EPA/600/J-85/354
Pub. in Jnl. of Chromatographic Science, v23 p397-
401 Sep 85. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmen-
tal Research Lab., Ada, OK.
A gas chromatographic procedure is described for the
analysis of a variety of substituted phenols from water
samples. The method was designed for situations
when the sample size is very limited (0.5 to 1.0 ml),
such as in laboratory microcosm experiments on trans-
port and fate of pollutants. The phenols were extract-
ed, derivatized, and quantified by flame ionization and
electron capture detection. Toluene gave a better ex-
traction efficiency than acetone, hexane, dichloro-
methane, and ethylacetate, yielding essentially the
same recovery from spiked well water samples as
direct acetylation with acetic anhydride. Between 5
and 35 ng/ml of different phenols were detected. The
heptafluorobutyryl derivatives possessed high electron
capture sensitivity, ranging from 0.1 to 7.6 pg of indi-
vidual phenols.
Keywords: 'Phenols, 'Water pollution, Chemical anal-
ysis, Sampling, Gas chromatography, Toluene, Ace-
tone, Hexane, Dichloromethane, Ethylacetate, Re-
prints.
PB86-175502/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of Mutagenic and Carcinogenic Prop-
erties of Bromlnated and Chlorinated Acetoni-
triles: By-Products of Chlorlnation. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
R. J. Bull, J. R. Meier, M. Robinson, H. P. Ringhand,
and R. D. Laurie. 1985,12p EPA/600/J-85/355
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 5, n6
p1065-1074 Dec 85.
The present study was undertaken to determine if
chlorinated and brominated acetonitriles formed
during the chlorination of drinking water possess muta-
genic and/or carcinogenic properties. Chloroacetoni-
trile (CAN), dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN), trichloroace-
tonitrile (TCAN), bromochloroacetonitrila (BCAN), and
dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN) were tested for their ability
(1) to produce point mutations in the Salmonella/mi-
crosome assay, (2) to induce sister chromatid ex-
changes (SCE) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells
in vitro, (3) to produce micronuclei in polychromatic
erythrocytes in CD-1 mice, and (4) to act as tumor ini-
tiators in the skin of Senear mice. DCAN and BCAN
were found to be direct acting mutagens in Salmonella.
All five haloacetonitriles induced SCEs in CHO cells in
vitro. This activity paralleled the extent of chlorine sub-
stitution and was further enhanced in the dihaloace-
tonitrile series if bromine was substituted for chlorine.
None of the haloacetonitriles showed evidence of ac-
tivity in the mouse micronucieus assay.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Chlorination, Bioassay, In vitro
analysis, Reprints, 'Acetonitriles, 'Carcinogenesis,
Mutagenesis.
PB86-175510/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Flow Regime, Juvenile Abundance, and the As-
semblage Structure of Stream Fishes. Journal arti-
cle.
North Dakota Univ., Grand Forks. Dept. of Biology.
I. J. Schlosser. C1985.10p EPA/600/J-85/356
Grant EPA-R-806391
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pub. in Ecology 66, n5 p1484-1490 Sep/Oct 85. Spon-
sored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
The assemblage of fishes in a second-order stream in
east-central Illinois was compared through seine sam-
pling for two years with distinctly different flow re-
gimes, In both years adult (age 0) fish were most abun-
dant in late spring and early summer while juvenile
(age 0) abundance peaked in late summer or autumn.
Total density of adult fish differed little between years
but large changes in juvenile abundance occurred be-
tween years in association with differences in hydro-
logic regime. High stream discharge had little influence
on abundance of juvenile suckers and darters, but
some minnow species and all sunfish species exhibit-
ed large increases in juvenile abundance during stable
to low flow conditions. The largest increase in juvenile
abundance occurred among species with prolonged
breeding seasons. (Copyright (c) 1985 by the Ecologi-
cal Society of America.)
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Ecology, "Stream flow, Abun-
dance, Populations, Sampling, Breeding, Seasonal
variations, Density measurement, Age, Comparison,
Tables(Data), Illinois, Reprints, *Low flow,
Discharge(Water).
PB86-175528/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Foraging Success
for Fishes in an Illinois Stream. Journal article,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Ecology,
Ethology and Evolution.
P. L. Angermeier. c1985, 20p EPA/600/J-85/357
Grant EPA-R-810745
Pub. in American Midland Naturalist 114, n2 p342-359
Oct 85. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
Stomach contents of 10 fish species were examined to
evaluate several scales of spatiotemporal variation for-
aging success within an Illinois stream. Most species
fed primarily on aquatic or terrestrial invertebrates, but
one species specialized on fine detritus. Fish are a
wide variety of invertebrate taxa, and diet overlap
based on prey taxa was extensive among fish species
and age classes. Foraging success, measured by
number and size of prey eaten, varied among seasons,
years, substrate composition and amounts of woody
debris. However, no factor influenced foraging suc-
cess of all species, and no 2 species responded identi-
cally to all factors. Fish generally fed most successfully
in June, and least successfully in Oct, Some fish ate
more or larger prey in a study area with gravel-cobble
substrates than in a silt-sand area, and many ate more
or larger prey in sites with woody debris than in sites
from which debris was removed.
Keywords: "Feeding stuffs, "Fresh water fishes,
"Streams, Diets, Invertebrates, Stomach, Detritus,
Substrates, Food habits, Animal behavior, Seasonal
variations, Gravel, Sands, Availability, Competition, Illi-
nois, tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), Reprints, Predator
prey relationships. Habitats.
PB86-175536/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Comparison of Daily and Weekly Precipitation
Sampling Evidences Using Automatic Collectors.
Journal article,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
L. J. Schroder, R. A. Linthurst, J. E. Ellson, and S. F.
Vozzo. C1985,14p EPA/600/J-85/358
Pub. in Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 24, p177-187 Feb
85. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research
Lab., OR.
Precipitation samples were collected for approximately
90 daily and 50 weekly sampling periods at Finley
Farm, near Raleigh, NC from August 1981 through Oc-
tober 1982. Ten wet-deposition samplers were used.
Four samplers were operated for daily sampling, and 6
samplers were operated for weekly-sampling periods.
The design was used to determine if: (1) collection effi-
ciencies of precipitation are affected by small dis-
tances between the Universal precipitation gage and
collector; (2) measurable evaporation loss occurs and
(3) pH and specific conductance of precipitation vary
significantly within small distances. Average collection
efficiencies were 97% for weekly sampling periods
compared with the rain gage. Collection efficiencies
were examined by seasons and precipitation volume.
Neither factor significantly affected collection efficien-
cy. No evaporation loss was found by comparing daily
570 Vol. 90, No. 24
sampling to weekly sampling at the collection site,
which was classified as a subtropical climate. Correla-
tion coefficients for pH and specific conductance of
daily samples ranged from 0.83 to 0.99.
Keywords:	"Accumulators.
"Precipitation(Meteorology), Chemical composition.
Meteorological instruments, Chemical analysis, Sam-
pling, "Rain gages.
PB86-175544/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Air Pollution on Forests: A Critical
Review. Journal article,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
S. B. McLaughlin. C1985, 26p EPA/600/J-85/359
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v35
n5 p512-534 May 85. Sponsored by Corvallis Environ-
mental Research Lab., OR.
Atmospheric pollution attributed to increased combus-
tion of fossil fuels has been implicated as a likely con-
tributing factor in observed changes to forests in North
America and Europe. Uncertainties surrounded the
mechanisms and specific causes for these changes
have prompted intensified interest in research on air
pollution effects on forests. Major objectives of the
review are: To provide a conceptual and historical per-
spective against which today s problems, concerns,
and approaches can be evaluated; To evaluate evi-
dence of changes in growth and vitality of some tree
species in today's forests; To compare levels of princi-
pal atmospheric pollutants in Europe and the U.S.; To
describe mechanisms, pathways, and concentration
thresholds for effects of principal pollutants on tree
growth and physiology; To summarize current evi-
dence for the role of pollution in observed forest de-
clines; and To provide some perspectives on future re-
search in this area. (Copyright (c) 1985-Air Pollution
Control Association).
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Forestry, "North America,
"Europe, "Reviews, History, Forest trees, Growth,
Plant physiology, Mortality, Plant diseases, Compari-
son,	Concentration(Composition),
Tolerances(Physiology), Concepts, Weather, Reprints,
"Path of pollutants, Air pollution effects(Plants).
PB86-175668/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Small Business Innovation Research Program
1983-1985: Abstracts of Phase 1 and Phase 2
Awards.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Exploratory Research.
Feb 86, 56p* EPA/600/9-86/005
See also PB83-125864.
The report contains abstracts of the 51 Phase I and
Phase II awards made by U.S. EPA through the Small
Business Innovation Research Program from the
period 1983 to 1985. The Phase I and II abstracts are
listed by year awarded, and a description of the poten-
tial commercial application of the research is provided.
The report also describes how the follow-on funding
commitment works and gives information on rights in
data development under the Small Business Innova-
tion Research Program and on copyright and patent
policy.
Keywords: "Research projects, "Grants, Technology
innovation, Technology transfer, Project management,
Businesses, National government.
PB86-175676/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Report of the Research Planning Workshop on
Bioavailability of Dloxlns Held at Raleigh, North
Carolina on September 9-12,1984.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Re-
search
Jan 86,66p* EPA/600/9-86/004
The workshop evaluated ongoing research on bioavai-
lability of chlorinated dioxins and related chemicals, to
identify research needs for development of a research
plan. Three areas were evaluated: (1) Environmental
processes in bioavailability which treated photochemi-
cal processes, physical and chemical properties, sorp-
tion/desorption/volatilization, chemical transforma-
tions biological processes, intermedia transport, ex-
posture modeling, surrogate parameters for combus-
tion and the need for laboratory-standard supplies of
TCDD for research. (2) Bioavailability in ecosystems
which considered identification of ecosystem process-
es that (a) are involved in routes, rates, and reservoirs
of dioxins in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, (b) are
particularly susceptable to dioxin contamination, and
(c) maybe involved in biological decontamination proc-
esses. Also considered were identification of species
and communities impacted or threatened by dioxins;
identification of the role of food chains/webs in human
exposure and risk.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Air pollution, Herbicides,
Exposure, Concentration(Composition), Industrial
wastes, "Dioxin, TCDD.
PB86-175684/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
STORS: The Sludge-to-Oil Reactor System,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
P. M. Molton, A. G. Fassbender, and M. D. Brown. Mar
86, 125p* EPA/600/2-86/034
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The Sludge-to-Oil Reactor System (STORS) continu-
ously converted over 400 gallons (20 percent solids) of
sewage sludge to oil during 100 hours of operation.
About 80 percent of the energy in the sludge was re-
covered as an oil and char. The energy recovered was
sufficient to make the STORS energy self-sufficient as-
suming the char is burned to furnish the heat for the
process. STORS, when fully developed, appears to be
another option competitive with incineration for sludge
disposal. One test performed by spiking the sludge
with pesticides indicated that some of the pesticides
were totally destroyed and others were partly de-
stroyed during processing.
Keywords: "Liquefaction. "Sludge disposal, "Fuel oils,
Chemical reactors, Thermochemistry, Energy, Recov-
ery, Bitumins, Competition, Incinerators, Thermocou-
ples, Experimental design, Heat transfer, Acceptability,
Conversion, Cost estimates, Tables(Data), "Sewage
sludge, Char.
PB86-175692/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Preliminary Evaluation Studies with the Regional
Acid Deposition Model (RAOM). Interim rept. 1 Jan
85-31 Dec 85.
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder
CO.
Mar 86,207p EPA/600/3-86/024
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab., and National Science Foundation, Wash-
ington, DC.
The report focuses on the findings of preliminary eval-
uation studies of the NCAR Regional Acid Deposition
Modeling System (RADM). Current efforts in evaluat-
ing the gas-phase chemistry submodel have met with
significant success. An understanding of the smog
chamber databases has also been developed. Due to
the lack of adequate observation data, evaluations of
aqueous-phase chemistry and dry deposition submo-
dels have not been possible. The cloud process sub-
model is consistent with the available but small data
set. Preliminary evaluation of the full RADM system,
meteorology and chemical deposition using OSCAR
data has achieved initial success, though it is far from
being conclusive. Much larger and extensive data-
bases are required to thoroughly test this system. MM4
has shown considerable skill in forecasting the
OSCAR IV meteorology. RADM forecasts of sulfate
and nitrate wet deposition for the first day of OSCAR IV
are also quite good. The RADM-simulated three-di-
mensional chemical species distributions are very con-
sistent with preliminary data measured by NCAR under
a separate program. The first test of RADM's ability to
analyze 'what if studies with hypothetical reductions in
sulfur emissions is demonstrated. The findings confirm
the complexity of directly observing potential benefit
from emissions reductions.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Mathematical models, Me-
teorology, Transport properties, Vapor phases, "Acid
rain, "Regional acid deposition model, "Emission in-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-175700/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Investigation of the Thermal Destructibillty of
Hazardous Wastes Using the Thermal Decomposi-
tion Analytical System,
Dayton Univ., OH. Research Inst.
D. L. Hall, W. A. Rubey, and B. Dellinger. Mar 86,135p
EPA/600/2-86/040
Contract EPA-68-03-2979
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The laboratory determined gas-phase thermal decom-
position characteristics of a variety of hazardous or-
ganic compounds and mixtures of organic compounds
are reported. The thermal stabilities of the compounds
are assessed and compared and the effects on ther-
mal stability from the variation of several parameters
are demonstrated. Possible chemical mechanisms for
the decomposition of the gas-phase species are re-
ported, including mechanisms for the formation of
stable products. The role of oxygen in the thermal de-
struction of chlorinated aromatics is addressed qualita-
tively through proposed reaction mechanisms, and
quantitatively, through the application of kinetic meth-
ods. The thermal decomposition analytical system
used for generation of these data is discussed in limit-
ed detail, and modifications performed to improve its
utility and sensitivity are discussed.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Incinerators, "Solid
waste disposal, Organic compounds, Stability,
Oxygen, Decomposition, Chlorine aromatic com-
pounds.
PB86-175718/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Determining the Effectiveness of an Afterburner
to Reduce Dloxins and Furans. Summary rept.
(Final) 2 Oct 84-30 Jun 85,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
S. E. Miller, F. L. DeRoos, J. E, Howes, J. E. Tabor, and
B. W. Lykins. Mar 86,111 p EPA/600/2-86/039
Contract EPA-68-01 -6702
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
During reactivation of granular activated carbon (GAC)
used in the treatment of municipal water supplies, a
potential exists for the release of adsorbed organic
compounds or their reaction products into the environ-
ment. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the ef-
fectiveness of an afterburner in reducing or eliminating
the occurrence of dioxins and furans in the reactivator
effluent streams. Quantitative measurements were
made of tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (TCDDs) and te-
trachlorodibenzofurans (TCDFs) In all effluent streams
from the Cincinnati, Ohio Water Works, reactivator unit
and penta-, hexa-, and octa-chlorinated dioxins
(CDDs) and furans (CDFs) in a preselected number of
samples. During two of the tests, the natural gas and
fuel oil were sampled to determine if PCBs were
present in the fuel supply used to fire the carbon reacti-
vation system.
Keywords: "Herbicides, "Water pollution control, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Furans, Oxygen heterocyclic
compounds, Effluents, Performance evaluation, Diox-
ins, Afterburners.
PB86-175726/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Selected Life History Attributes of Some North
American Endemic and Introduced Species of
Fishes,
Utah State Univ., Logan. Coll. of Natural Resources.
J. M. Neuhold. Mar 86, 48p* EPA/600/3-86/020
Grant EPA-R-811646
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth,
MN.
Selected life history data has been tabulated to allow
the utilization of such data - characterizing relation-
ships among and with selected species. The data pre-
sented were collected for the express purpose of test-
ing a hypotheses about the tolerance of species to
toxicants. Much of what the author has learned about
species and their relationships to their environment is
encompassed by expressions of their adaptation to dif-
fering environments and to environmental changes.
Data Includes species name, maximum size and maxi-
mum number of eggs produced by individual females
within a population. Data is presented on 450 popula-
tions among 177 species.
Keywords:	"Life	cycles,	"Fishes,
"Tolerances(Physiology), "North America, Tests, Ad-
aptation, Toxicity, Acclimatization, Populations, Cat-
fishes, Fresh water fishes. Environmental impacts,
Marine fishes, Salmon, Sharks, Tables(Data), Intro-
duced species, Listings.
PB86-175999/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Particulate and
Adsorbent Materials. Rept. for Feb 84-Jan 85,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
B. W. Wright, and R. D. Smith. Mar 86, 79p EPA/600/
4-86/017
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC., and Department of
Energy, Washington, DC.
The report is a summary of work performed by PNL on
the extraction of semivolatile organic materials
(SVOCs), for example, polynuclear aromatic com-
pounds, from various adsorbents and environmental
matrices, using supercritical fluids (SCFs) as extrac-
tants. The results of the work show that supercritical
fluids are effective extractants for many SVOCs, and
are often competitive with conventional Soxhlet ex-
traction. Advantages of SCFs over conventional meth-
ods include higher extraction efficiency, more rapid ex-
traction, and reduced decomposition of thermally
labile compounds.
Keywords: "Extraction, "Air pollution control, Recov-
ery, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Comparison,
Absorbents, "Semivolatile organic compounds.
PB88-178005/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Apparent Reaction Products Desorbed from
Tenax Used to Sample Ambient Air. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J. F. Walling, J. E. Bumgarner, D. J. Driscoll, C. M.
Morris, and A. E. Riley. 1986,9p EPA/600/J-86/001
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v20 n1 p51-57
1986.
Ambient air was sampled using distributed air volume
sets of tandem Tenax beds at several locations. Ap-
parent concentrations at some sites were ill behaved.
Significant amounts of materials sometimes appeared
on back beds where that would not be expected from
retention volume estimates. Contamination and oper-
ating errors cannot explain the observations. Unidenti-
fied chemical reactions during sampling and/or ther-
mal desorption are implicated. Reactions observed or
reported in laboratory situations during simulated sam-
pling or thermal desorption yield products of the kinds
observed in these atmospheric samples.
Keywords: 'Trace elements, Chemical analysis, Sor-
bents, Air pollution, Sampling, Reprints, "Air pollution
detection.
PB86-176013/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
EPA/ORD/RTP (Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Research and Development,
Research Triangle Park) Asbestos Program Sup-
port for the OTS (Office of Toxic Substances) As-
bestos-ln-Schools Program. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
M.E. Beard. Mar 86,10p EPA/600/D-86/058
An overview of the EPA/ORD/RTP Asbestos program
support for the OTS Asbestos-in-Schools Program is
given. The program includes (1) a bulk sample asbes-
tos analysis audit program, (2) an intercomparison of
three measurement methods for airborne asbestos, (3)
the development of audit materials for airborne asbes-
tos measurement methods, and (4) the development
of guidance for post-abatement asbestos air monitor-
ing.
Keywords: "Schools, "Asbestos, Hazardous materials,
"Air pollution control, Toxic substances.
PB86-176021/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Organic Audit Repository and Results of Perform-
ance Audits during Hazardous Waste Trial Burns
and Compliance Source Tests,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. K. M. Layanty, J. A. Sokash, C. E. Decker, and D. J.
von Lehmden. Mar 86,16p EPA/600/D-86/068
Contract EPA-68-02-4125
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A repository has been established by EPA to provide
audit materials to federal, state and local agencies or
their contractors for use in performance audits to
assess the accuracy of measurement methods used
during (1) hazardous waste trial burns, (2) compliance
source testing, and (3) ambient air measurements.
This repository currently contains 21 gaseous organic
compounds in five-, seven-, and nine-component mix-
tures at parts-per-billion (7 to 10,000 ppb) levels and
40 gaseous organic compounds at parts-per-million (5
to 700 ppm) levels in compressed gas cylinders. Per-
formance audits have been conducted using the re-
pository gases to assess the accuracy of the measure-
ment methods. Seventy-six and one hundred sixty-one
performance audits to date have been initiated using
ppb and ppm level audit gases, respectively. The audit
results obtained with the ppb level component mix-
tures during hazardous waste trial burn tests were gen-
erally within + or - 50% of the EPA concentrations.
The audit results obtained with the ppm level organics
during compliance source tests were generally within
+ or - 15% of the EPA concentrations. The list of or-
ganics in the audit repository, stability data, and results
of representative performance audits are described.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Auditing, "Gases,
"Air pollution, Performance evaluation, Stability, Or-
ganic compounds, Gas cylinders, Compliance.
PB86-176039/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Program
to Demonstrate Mitigation Measures for Indoor
Radon: Initial Results. Published paper Sep 84-Feb
85,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
D. B. Henschel, and A. G. Scott. Apr 86,16p EPA/
600/D-86/060
Prepared in cooperation with American ATCON, Inc.,
Wilmington, DE.
The paper gives initial results of an EPA program to
demonstrate mitigation measures for indoor radon.
EPA has installed radon mitigation techniques in 18
concrete block basement homes in the Reading Prong
area of eastern Pennsylvania, all designed to demon-
strate techniques which would have low to moderate
installation and operating costs. Where major open-
ings in the block walls can be closed effectively, suc-
tion on the wall voids has proved to be extremely ef-
fective. However, where major openings within the
walls are inaccessible, it is more difficult and/or more
expensive to develop adequate suction on the void
network, and performance is reduced. Testing is con-
tinuing to demonstrate how to achieve high perform-
ance with wall suction in homes with such difficult-to-
close walls.
Keywords: "Radon, Residential buildings, Concrete
slabs, Concrete blocks, Ventilation, "Indoor air pollu-
tion.
PB88-178047/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Detecting Waste Combustion Emissions: Several
Advanced Methods Are Useful for Sampling Air
Contaminants from Hazardous Waste Incinerator
Stacks. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
L. D. Johnson. 1986,6p EPA/600/J-86/010
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v20
n3 p223-227 1986.
The paper is an overview of sampling methods being
recommended to EPA regulatory programs, to EPA en-
gineering research and development projects, and to
interested parties in the industrial community. The
methods discussed are generally applicable to both in-
cineration and processes closely related to inciner-
ation (e.g., co-firing of waste in industrial boilers, and
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
burning of contaminated heating oil). Although meth-
ods for inorganic hazardous compounds are very brief-
ly outlined, the primary emphasis of the paper is on or-
ganic compounds that are likely to be chosen as princi-
pal organic hazardous constituents (POHCs) for a trial
burn. Methods receiving major attention in the paper
include: the Modified Method 5 Train (MM5) which in-
cludes an XAD-2 sorbent module, the Source Assess-
ment Sampling System (SASS), the recently devel-
oped Volatile Organic Sampling Train (VOST), and as-
sorted containers such as glass bulbs and plastic
bags.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Incinerators, 'Air
pollution control, Emissions, Organic compounds,
Waste disposal, Fuel oils, Reprints, Air sampling, Sta-
tionary sources.
PB86-176054/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Waterborne Viral Gastroenteritis. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
F. P. Williams, and E. W. Akin. 1986,9p EPA/600/J-
86/007
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association, v78 n1
p34-39 Jan 86.
In the study of human gastroenteritis, the use of elec-
tron microscopy and related techniques has led to the
identification of new viral agents which had previously
escaped detection by routine cell-culture procedures.
Efforts to characterize and further study these agents
are currently being made by researchers in many
areas of the world. Two of the best known agents, ro-
tavirus and Norwalk virus, have now been implicated in
waterborne outbreaks of this illness. Another virus, the
Snow Mountain agent, was first identified from the in-
vestigation of one waterborne gastroenteritis out-
break.
Keywords: 'Viral diseases, Humans, Identifying, De-
tection, Reprints, 'Gastroenteritis, 'Waterborne dis-
eases.
PB86-176062/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Implications of a Gradient In Acid and Ion Deposi-
tion across the Northern Great Lakes States. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
G. E. Glass, andO. L. Loucks. C1985,11p EPA/600/J-
86/002
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v20
n1 p35-43 Jan 86. Prepared in cooperation with Butler
Univ., Indianapolis, IN. Holcomb Research Inst.
Average precipitation pH, 1979-1982, declines from
west to east from 5.3 to 4.3 along a cross section of
sites in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan. The an-
swers questions about the seasonal and geographic
pattern of anthropogenic acid precursor emissions and
reaction products (S04(2), N03(-), H( + ), NH4( + ))
that increase from west to east. Except for higher con-
centrations of Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) observed at one
site in the cultivated area of southwestern Minnesota,
the contribution of soil-related metal cations to the
total ions in solution is small (17%) and relatively uni-
form across the region. Significant seasonal and geo-
graphic patterns in precipitation chemistry and deposi-
tion values are observed. Close correspondence of the
sums of strong acid anions with the sums ol hydrogen
and ammonium ions in precipitation is observed, indi-
cating anthropogenic sources of sulfur and nitrogen
oxides. (Copyright (c) 1985 American Chemical Socie-
ty)
Keywords: 'Acidity, 'Precipitation(Meteorology), 'Air
pollution, 'Great Lakes, Anions, Sulfur dioxide, Nitro-
gen oxides, Chemical reactions,
Concentration(Composition), pH, Seasonal variations,
Calcium, Magnesium, Metals, Coal, Combustion, Wis-
consin, Michigan, Reprints, "Acid precipitation.
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v58 n2 p445-448 Feb 86.
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The effect of fluctuating concentration on the sampling
rate of a thermally reversible passive sampler is dis-
cussed, and guidelines are presented for minimizing
the error associated with this phenomenon. A modified
passive sampler developed using these guidelines is
described, and results of laboratory tests of this device
are given.
Keywords: 'Samplers, 'Air pollution, "Sorbents, Per-
formance evaluation, Reprints, "Volatile organic com-
pounds, High performance passive samplers.
PB86-176088/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Catecholaminergic-Serotonergic Balance In the
CNS and Reproductive Cycling in Aging Rats.
Journal article,
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC.
R. L. Cooper, M. C. McNamara, and M. Linnoila.
C1986,10p EPA/600/J-86/004
Pub. in Neurobiology of Aging, v7 n1 p9-15 Jan 86.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Treatment with the serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor
Zimelidine, 20 mg/kg/24 hrs, s.c., for 14 days in-
creased the duration of vaginal cycles in 3 month-old
Long Evans hooded rats. It induced persistent vaginal
estrus in 12 or 16 ten-month old animals, and blocked
reinitiation of vaginal cycles by L-dopa in 10 of 10
twenty-month old rats. A single injection of zimelidine
at 1400 h did not alter the vaginal smear pattern of
young or middle-aged cyling females or old constant
estrus females. Also, a single dose of zimelidine at
1400 h on the day of vaginal proestrus had no effect
on serum LH values in young females. The serotoner-
gic neurotoxin 5,7-hydroxytryptamine, 4 microgram, in-
jected into the ventral and dorsal raphe areas (after
desipramine, 25 mg/kg i.p.) reinitiated vaginal cycling
in 8 of 13 twenty-month old rats.
Keywords: 'Central nervous system,
'Reproduction(Biology), 'Drugs, 'Toxicology, Sera-
tonin. Rats, Laboratory animals, Catecholamines,
Age(Biology).
PB86-176096/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Exposure of Man In the Near-Field of a Resonant
Oipole: Comparison between Theory and Meas-
urements. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. A. Stuchly, R. J. Spiegel, S. S. Stuchly, and A.
Kraszewski. C1986,8p EPA/600/J-86/005
Pub. in IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics En-
gineers) Transactions on Microwave Theory and Tech-
niques, vMTT-34 n1 p26-31 Jan 86. Prepared in coop-
eration with Ottawa Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Electrical
Engineering.
The rate of the radiofrequency energy deposition in a
model of the human body exposed in the near-field of
a resonant dipole at 350 MHz was calculated using the
moment method. Detailed maps of the electric field in-
tensity in a similar model under the same exposure
conditions were obtained using a computer-controlled
scanning system and an implantable electric field
probe. A comparison of the measurement data with
the theoretical predictions shows a relatively good
agreement when average values over relatively large
volumes are concerned, however the calculations fail
to predict large gradients and tend to underestimate
the magnitude of 'hot spots'.
Keywords: "Dipole antennas, 'Radio frequencies,
Resonance, Humans, Models, Comparison, Exposure,
Reprints.
PB86-176070/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Modification and Evaluation of a Thermally Desor-
bable Passive Sampler for Volatile Organic Com-
pounds in Air. Journal article.
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
R W. Coutant, R. G. Lewis, and J. D. Mulik. c 1986, 6p
EPA/600/J-86/003
Contract EPA-68-02-3487
PB86-176104/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Manual Method for Measurement of Reduced
Sulfur Compounds. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J. H. Margeson, J. E. Knoll, M. R. Midgett, B. B.
Ferguson, and P. J. Schworer. C1985, 9p EPA/600/J-
85/340
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v35
n12 p1280-1285 Dec 85. Prepared in cooperation with
Harmon Engineering and Testing, Auburn, AL„ and
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
A manual method for measuring reduced sulfur com-
pounds in Kraft pulp mill and sulfur recovery plant
emissions was evaluated. The method involves remov-
ing S02 from the gas stream (if present) with a citric
acid-potassium citrate buffer, that passes reduced
sulfur compounds; thermal oxidation of all reduced
sulfur compounds to S02; collection of the S02 in
H202; and a titrimetric analysis of the H202 for S042-.
A heated filter removes a alkaline particulate matter
that would produce a negative interference if absorbed
by the buffer. The method is unbiased provided that
non-regulated reduced sulfur compounds such as
COS (Kraft pulp mills) and thiophene (sulfur recovery
plants) are not present in the emissions. If present,
these compounds will be oxidized to S02 and thereby
produce a positive bias. The precision of the method
ranges from 1 to 7% relative standard diviation.
Keywords: 'Sulfur, *Gas analysis, 'Air pollution con-
trol, Sulfur dioxide, Measurement, Emissions, Reprints.
PB86-176112/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Distribution and Macromolecular Binding of
Benzo(a)pyrene in SENCAR and BALB/c Mice Fol-
lowing Topical and Oral Administration. Journal ar-
ticle,
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN. School of Pharmacy and
Pharmacal Sciences.
M. A. Morse, and G. P. Carlson. c1985,16p EPA/600/
J-85/341
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health
16, p263-276 Nov 85. Sponsored by Health Effects
Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
When benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is used as the initiator in
initiation-promotion assays, the topical route of admin-
istration has been shown to produce a greater epider-
mal tumor incidence than do other routes of adminis-
tration, particularly the oral route. In addition, different
strains of mice exhibit varying degrees of susceptibility
to two-stage epidermal tumorigenesis using BaP. The
SENCAR strain is known to be far more sensitive to
epidermal tumor formation following BaP initiation than
are other strains, such as the BALB/c strain. To inves-
tigate the possible contribution of distribution and bind-
ing to DNA in such route and strain differences, the
distribution and macromolecular binding of (3H)BaP
was examined in the skin, liver, lung, and stomach of
SENCAR and BALB/c mice following topical or oral
administration of BaP at time periods ranging from 0.5
to 48 h. Levels of labeled material in skin were higher,
and the binding of BaP to epidermal DNA was greater
following topical administration than following oral ad-
ministration for mice of both strains.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Bioassay, Distribution, Bind-
ing, Mice, Laboratory animals, Ingestion(Biology), Re-
prints, 'Benzopyrene.
PB86-176120/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Inhalation Exposure in the Home to Volatile Or-
ganic Contaminants of Drinking Water. Journal ar-
ticle,
Pittsburgh Univ., PA. Graduate School of Public
Health.
J. B. Andelman. c1985,20p EPA/600/J-85/342
Pub. in Science of the Total Environment 47, p443-4go
1985. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Utb.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
The field studies show that indoor air concentrations of
volatilized trichloroethylene (TCE) can be substantial
when TCE-contaminated water is used domestically
Using a model shower, increases in TCE water con-
centrations, water temperature and drop path (time) in-
creased the steady-state air TCE concentrations. Vol-
atilization was incomplete and the rates were compa-
rable to predicted ones. Indoor air models show that
the inhalation route of exposure for such chemicals
has the potential for being much greater than by direct
ingestion. This should be considered in developing
regulations to limit adverse health impacts from con-
taminants of potable water.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Toxicology, Respiration, Po-
table water, Exposure, Humans, Residential buildings.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Reprints, "Drinking water, Indoor air pollution, "Ethyl-
ene/trichloro.
PB86-176138/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Combined Use of a Water-Insoluble Chemical De-
livery System and a Metabolic Activation System
in Whole Embryo Culture. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
K. T. Kitchin, and M. T. Ebron. 1984,13p EPA/600/J-
84/367
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health
13, n4-6 P499-509 Jun 84.
An integrated water insoluble chemical delivery/meta-
bolic activation/rat embryo culture system is de-
scribed. In initial studies corn oil was used as the sol-
vent and diallate as the substrate. Increasing concen-
trations of diallate dissolved in corn oil caused embry-
onic growth retardation in vitro. The presence of a met-
abolic activity system did not potentiate the effects of
diallate in corn oil. The rat hepatic microsomal monox-
ygenase system was enzymatically active even in the
presence of high concentration of corn oil in the rat
serum incubation media. Thus, the failure of the meta-
bolic activation system to potentiate the toxicity dial-
late in corn oil is not due to an enzymatic deficiency of
the hepatic metabolic activation system.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Embryos, Cultures(Biology),
Rats, In vitro analysis, Reprints, "Delivery systems,
"Metabolic activation system.
PB86-176146/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Historic Emissions of Sulfur and Nitrogen Oxides
in the United States from 1900 to 1980 (Journal
Version),
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Durham, NC.
G. Gschwandtner, K. Gschwandtner, K. Eldridge, C.
Mann, and D. Mobley. c1986,13p EPA/600/J-86/006
Contract EPA-68-02-3887
See also PB85-191195. Pub. In Jnl. of the Air Pollution
Control Association, v36 n2 p139-149 Feb 86. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Re-
search Lab.
The paper gives estimates of historic emissions of SOx
and NOx for each state of the coterminous U.S. The
emissions were estimates by individual source catego-
ry on the state level from 1900 to 1980 for every fifth
year and for 1978 The source categories included
power plants, industrial boilers, industrial processes,
commercial and residential heaters, natural gas pipe-
lines, highway vehicles, off-highway diesel engines,
and all other anthropogenic sources. These emissions
were calculated from statistics indicative of fuel con-
sumption or industrial output, estimations of average
statewide fuel properties, and estimations of emission
factors specific to each source category over time. The
emission estimates were then aggregated to show the
emission trends on a state, regional, and national
scale. The trends are presented by source category
and by major fuel type. The emission estimates allow
temporal and regional trend comparisons between the
emissions and chemical and biological effects trends
derived in other studies.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Nitrogen oxides, *Air pol-
lution control, Tables(Data), United States, Sources,
Industrial wastes, Exhaust emissions, Reprints, "Acid
rain.
PB86-176153/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Oral Toxicity of Carbon Tetrachloride: Acute, Su-
bacute, and Subchronlc Studies In Rats. Journal
Georgia Univ., Athens. Dept. of Pharmacology and
Toxicology.
J. V. Bruckner, W. F. MacKenzie, S. Muralidhara, R.
Luthra, and G. M. Kyle. C1988,21 p EPA/600/J-86/
008
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 8, p 16-34
Jan 86. Prepared in cooperation with Texas Univ. Med-
ical School at Houston, and Texas Univ. at Austin.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The investigation was conducted to characterize the
acute, subacute and subchronic toxic potency of in-
gested carbon tetrachloride (CCI4). In the first acute
and subchronic toxicity study, male Sprague-Dawley
rats of 300-350 g were gavaged with 0, 20, 40 or 80 mg
CCI4/kg once daily for 5 consecutive days, rested for 2
days, and dosed once daily for 4 additional days. Rats
of 200-250 g were gavaged with 0, 20, 80 or 160 mg
CCI4/kg according to the same dosage regimen in the
second acute and subacute study. In the first and
second studies one group of rats at each dosage-level
was sacrificed for clinical chemistry and histopatholo-
gical evaluation at 24 hr, 4 days and 11 days after initi-
ation of dosing. Single 20 and 40 mg/kg doses had no
apparent toxic effect at 24 hr, though 80 mg/kg
caused mild hepatic centrilobular vacuolization and
significant increases in some serum enzyme levels. In
general, there was progressively severe hepatic injury
at each dosage-level over the 11 -day period.
Keywords: "Carbon tetrachloride, "Toxicology, Liver,
Biochemistry, Metabolism, Ingestion(Biology), Rats,
Laboratory animals, Dosage, Reprints, Liver function.
PB86-176161/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Viruses In Drinking Water. Journal article,
Florida Univ., Gainesville.
G. Bitton, S. R. Farrah, and C. L. Montague. C1986,
10p EPA/600/J-86/009
Contract EPA-68-03-3196
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v20
n3 p216-222 Mar 86. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Rising populations around the globe have resulted in
an ever-increasing need for potable waters. Communi-
ties obtain their potable water from surface or under-
ground sources. The contaminations of these source
waters with viruses and other pathogens and parasites
has been well documented. The source waters, par-
ticularly groundwater, are sometimes consumed with-
out any treatment or after being only disinfected. They
are also subjected to the full treatment provided by
conventional water treatment plants. Do these plants
provide a safe barrier against virus breakthrough. Are
classical water quality parameters adequate for guar-
anteeing safe drinking water from virological stand-
point. What are the priorities with respect to research
on viruses in drinking water. To attempt to answer
some of these questions, they will review the available
literature dealing with virus monitoring of drinking
water and then make comments on detection meth-
ods, indicators, effect of water treatment processes on
virus removal and finally epidemiological health signifi-
cance of viruses in drinking water.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Viruses, 'Water pollution,
Standards, Reprints, 'Drinking water.
PB86-176179/HSU	PC E99/MF E99
Application for Certification 1986 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1986,3696p-in2v
Set includes PB86-176187 and PB86-176195.
No abstract available.
PB86-176187/HSU	PC E99/MF E09
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1986 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Ford Motor Company.
Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Ml.
1986,3064p EPA/460/A-86/15
See also PB86-176195, and PB85-186294. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 2 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB86-176179.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Fuel sys-
tems, Ignition systems, 'Light duty vehicles, "Exhaust
emission control devices, 'Evaporative emission con-
trol devices, "Certification, 'Ford motor vehicles, Ford
Motor Company, Motor vehicles) 1986 models), Engine
design, Emission tests, Compliance.
PB86-176195/HSU	PC E20/MF E06
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1986 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Mercedes-Benz.
Mercedes-Benz of North America, Inc., Montvale, NJ.
1986,632p EPA/460/A-86/16
See also PB86-176187, and PB85-136562. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 2 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB86-176179.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Fuel sys-
tems, Ignition systems, 'Light duty vehicles, "Exhaust
emission control devices, 'Evaporative emission con-
trol devices, "Certification, 'Mercedes-Benz motor ve-
hicles, Mercedes-Benz of North America Incorporated,
Motor vehicles(1986 models), Engine design, Emis-
sion tests, Compliance.
PB86-176203/HSU	PC E99/MF E99
Application for Certification 1986 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicles/Engines.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1986,2584p-in 8v
Set includes PB86-176211 through PB86-176286.
No abstract available.
PB86-176211/HSU	PC E14/MF E06
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1986 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engines - Cateplilar Tractor Compa-
ny.
Caterpillar Tractor Co., Peoria, IL.
1986,264p EPA/460/A-86/17
See also PB86-176229, and PB85-186344. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E99/MF E99
PB86-176203.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Trucks, "Internal combustion engines,
Tractors, Fuel systems, Ignition systems, "Heavy duty
vehicles, "Exhaust emission control devices, "Evapo-
rative emission control devices, "Certification, "Cater-
pillar tractors, Caterpillar Tractor Company, Motor ve-
hicles! 1986 models), Engine design. Emission tests,
Compliance,
PB86-176229/HSU	PC E19/MF E06
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1986 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicles/Engines - Ford Motor Com-
pany.
Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Ml.
1986, 512p EPA/460/A-86/18
See also PB86-176211, PB86-176237, and PB85-
186351. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB86-176203.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, Fuel sys-
tems, Ignition systems, "Heavy duty vehicles, "Ex-
haust emission control devices, "Evaporative emission
control devices, "Certification, "Ford vehicles, Ford
Motor Company, Motor vehicles) 1986 models), Engine
design, Emission tests, Compliance.
PB86-176237/HSU	PC E19/MF E06
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Application for Certification 1986 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicles/Engines - General Motors
Corporation.
Qeneral Motors Proving Ground, Milford, Ml
1986, 525p EPA/460/A-86/19
See also PB86-176229, PB86-176245, and PB86-
135928. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB86-176203.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, Fuel sys-
tems, Ignition systems, "Heavy duty vehicles, "Ex-
haust emission control devices, "Evaporative emission
control devices, "Certification, "General Motors vehi-
cles, General Motor Corporation, Motor vehicles(1986
models), Engine design, Emission tests, Compliance.
PB86-176245/HSU	PC E12/MF E06
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1986 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engines • Hino Motors Ltd.
Hino Motors Ltd., Tokyo (Japan).
1986, 196p EPA/460/A-86/20
574 Vol. 90, No. 24
See also PB86-176237, PB86-176252, and PB84-
178102. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB86-176203.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, Fuel sys-
tems, Ignition systems, "Heavy duty vehicles, "Ex-
haust emission control devices, "Evaporative emission
control devices, "Certification, "Hino Motor vehicles,
Hino Motors, Ltd., Motor vehicles(1986 models),
Engine design, Emission tests, Compliance.
PB86-176252/HSU	PC E19/MF E06
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1986 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicles/Engines - IVECO.
IVECO Trucks of North America, Inc., Bensalem, PA.
1986, 511 p EPA/460/A-86/21
See also PB86-176245, PB86-176260, and PB84-
178128. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB86-176203.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, Trucks, Fuel
systems, Ignition systems, "Heavy duty vehicles, "Ex-
haust emission control devices, "Evaporative emission
control devices, "Certification, "IVECO trucks, IVECO
Trucks of North America Incorporated, Motor vehi-
cles(1986 models). Engine design, Emission tests,
Compliance.
PB86-176260/HSU	PC E08/MF E06
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1986 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicles/Engines - Mitsubishi.
Mitsubishi Motors Corp., Tokyo (Japan).
1986, 72p EPA/460/A-86/22
See also PB86-176252, PB86-176278, and PB82-
198383. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB86-176203.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "internal combustion engines, Fuel sys-
tems, Ignition systems, "Heavy duty vehicles, "Ex-
haust emission control devices, "Evaporative emission
control devices, "Certification, "Mitsubishi vehicles,
Mitsubishi Motors Corporation, Motor vehicles(1986
models), Engine design, Emission tests, Compliance.
PB86-176278/HSU	PC E17/MF E06
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1986 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicles/Engines • Mercedes-Benz
Truck.
Mercedes-Benz Truck Co., Inc., Charlotte, NC.
1986, 414p EPA/460/A-86/23
See also PB86-176260, PB86-176286, and PB84-
178151. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB86-176203.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, Trucks, Fuel
systems, Ignition systems, "Heavy duty vehicles, "Ex-
haust emission control devices, "Evaporative emission
control devices, "Certification, "Mercedes-Benz
trucks, Mercedes-Benz Truck Company, Incorporated,
Motor vehicles(1986 models), Engine design. Emis-
sion tests, Compliance.
PB86-176286/H8U	PC E08/MF E06
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1986 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engines - International Harvester.
International Harvester Co., Melrose Park, IL.
1986, 90p EPA/460/A-86/24
See also PB86-176278, and PB85-186393. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E99/MF E99
PB86-176203.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger care,
light-duty trucks, motorcyles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, Fuel sys-
tems, Ignition systems, "Heavy duty vehicles, *£x.
haust emission control devices, "Evaporative emission
control devices, "Certification, "International Harvest-
er vehicles, International Harvester, Motor vehi-
cles! 1986 models), Engine design, Emission tests
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-176336/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation and Disposal of Waste Materials Within
19 Test Lyslmeters at Center Hill. Final rept. May
84-Apr 85,
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Dept. of Civil and Environmental
Engineering.
R. N. Kinman, J. Rickabaugh, J. Donnelly, D. Nutini,
and M. Lambert. Mar 86,199p EPA/600/2-86/035
Contract EPA-68-03-3210-04
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The report describes the termination of a ten-year ex-
perimental landfill co-disposal project. Nineteen simu-
lated landfills were constructed in 1974 and 1975 and
operated until September 1983. Data collected during
the termination study included observations of overall
test cell conditions; chemical analysis of final leachate,
refuse and bottom gravel; physical analysis of refuse,
gravel, and clay conditions; microbiological analysis of
the refuse; and in-place permeability and specific yield
of the refuse. Comparisons between municipal refuse-
only cells and municipal refuse/industrial sludge co-
disposal cells were made in order to evaluate the
effect the industrial sludges had on the decomposition
process. The work was submitted in fulfillment of Con-
tract 68-03-3210-04 by the University of Cincinnati
under sponsorship of the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency. The report covers a period from May
1984 to January 1985 and work was completed as of
April 1985.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Industrial wastes,
"Earth fills, Public health, Damage, Environmental im-
pacts, Social effects, Regulations, Municipal wastes.
PB86-176344/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Costs of Remedial Actions at Uncontrolled Haz-
ardous Waste Sites: Worker Health and Safety
Considerations. Final rept. Apr 82-Aug 84,
SCS Engineers, Inc., Covington, KY.
J. Lippitt, J. Walsh, M. Scott, and A. DiPuccio. Mar 86,
158p EPA/600/2-86/037
Contract EPA-68-03-3028
See also PB84-128701. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste
Engineering Research Lab.
Superfund resources are currently being spent to
clean up many uncontrolled hazardous waste sites.
Pursuant to requirements stipulated in Section 105 of
the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Com-
pensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980, the
cost-effectiveness of remedial action alternatives must
be evaluated. The report was developed to aid in eval-
uating the added costs incurred on a hazardous waste
site due to worker health and safety considerations.
Cost estimates include both base construction costs
(which would be incurred if no hazardous wastes were
involved), and costs at each of four degree-of-hazard
conditions. The degree-of-hazard conditions are pat-
terned after the four levels of personal protection
which have been established for workers on hazard-
ous waste sites. The impact of temperature variations
is also estimated. Separate cost estimates are pre-
sented for transportation and disposal.
Keywords: "Cleaning, "Waste disposal, "Hazardous
materials, "Sites, Evaluation, Cost effectiveness, Cost
estimates, Occupational health and safety, Health haz-
ards, Superfund sites.
PB86-176351/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Hood System Design for Capture of Process Fugi-
tive Particulate Emissions. Published paper,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
E. R. Kashdan, D. W. Coy, J. J. Spivey, T. Cesta, and
D. L. Harmon, c 1986,11 p EPA/600/M-86/010
Contract EPA-68-02-3953
Pub. in Heating/Piping/Air Conditioning, v58 n2 p47-
54 Feb 86. Prepared in cooperation with Hatch Associ-
ates Ltd., Toronto (Ontario). Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses a technical manual whose em-
phasis is on the design and evaluation of actual hood
systems used to control various fugitive particulate
emission sources. Engineering analyses of the most
important hood types are presented to provide a con-
ceptual understanding of the design process, consist-
ing of identification of source parameters, calculation
procedures, and techniques for evaluating hood per-
formance. Some of the design techniques have been
introduced in technical papers by Hatch Associates
and have been formalized in the manual. Case studies
of actual hood systems not only illustrate the applica-
tion of these design methods, but also identify their
limitations. Several of the case studies are from the
files of Hatch Associates and provide unique insight
into the diagnosis of an existing system. The purpose
of the manual is to provide regulatory officials with a
reference guide on the design and evaluation of hood
systems to capture process fugitive particulate emis-
sions.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Particles,
Manuals, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Aer-
osols, Leakage, Standards, "Fugitive emissions,
'Hood systems.
PB86-176369/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
User-Friendly Screening Model for Point-Source
Impact Assessment,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
D. B. Turner. Apr 86,19p EPA/600/D-86/062
A user-friendly air quality simulation screening model
coded in FORTRAN is described and sample use is
shown for point source impact assessment. The model
was developed and tested on a personal computer
and can be run interactively on a mainframe. Any of
five dispersion techniques: (1) wind fluctuations, (2)
Briggs urban, (3) Briggs rural, (4) Pasquill-Gifford, or (5)
Brookhaven can be used. Plume rise can be calculat-
ed either by Briggs 1975 techniques, currently included
in models used for regulatory purposes, or by tech-
niques which calculate plume rise layer-by-layer and
consider partial penetration. Maximum ground-level
concentration downwind or concentrations at specific
locations can be estimated. Receptor locations can be
specified in four ways: (1) specific downwind distance,
(2) downwind and crosswind location, (3) distance and
azimuth from the source, or (4) Cartesian coordinates
of both source and receptor. The model provides
ground-level estimates for a single stack or groundle-
vel source.
Keywords: "Air pollution, Sources, 'User friendly,
'Point sources, "Tracer studies, Fortran. "Receptor
models.
PB86-176377/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Perspective on Performance Variability In Municl-
fal Wastewater Treatment Facilities,
nvironmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
L. A. Rossman, and J. J. Convery. Apr 86,11 p EPA/
600/D-86/064
Excessive variability in effluent quality can cause
wastewater treatment plants to fail to meet their dis-
charge permit limits. The paper summarizes our under-
standing of the nature, causes, and control of the vari-
ability. It discusses studies made on the differences in
performance variability observed among plants, the
statistical characterization of this variability, and inves-
tigations into its causes. Methods of controlling and
accommodating effluent variability are briefly re-
viewed.
Keywords: "Activated sludge process, "Sewage treat-
ment, "Municipalities, Performance evaluation, Li-
censes, Water pollution control, Variability, Biochemi-
cal oxygen demand, Statistical analysis, Histograms,
Sewage treatment plants.
PB66-176385/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Observational Batteries and Motor Activity,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. C. MacPhail. Apr 86,15p EPA/600/D-86/065
The U.S. EPA estimates that there currently are as
many as 60,000 chemicals used in this country and
that as many as 1000-2000 new ones are introduced
into commerce each year. Unfortunately, the ability to
assess and predict the possible health hazards associ-
ated with exposures has not kept pace with the pro-
duction of new compounds. As a consequence, there
is growing concern that many chemicals introduces
originally to improve our lives may in fact be producing
a range of organ-related toxicities and disease states.
A recent publication of the National Research Council
(1984), for example, estimated that for most chemicals
sufficient toxicity information was not available to con-
duct an adequate health-hazard assessment. As a
result the toxic potential of many chemicals is often not
appreciated until large numbers of the population have
been exposed to them. Under these conditions inci-
dents such as the Ginger Jack poisoning episode in
the United States, and the methylmercury poisoning
episodes in Japan and Iraq are poignant reminders of
the extent to which the nervous system may be at risk
for exposure to environmental chemicals.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Toxicology, Predic-
tion, Exposure, Public health, Screening, Behavior,
"Neutrotoxicity, Motor activity.
PB86-176393/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Potable Water: New Directions In Microbial Regu-
lations,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
E. E. Geldreich. Apr 86,19p EPA/600/D-86/063
Waterborne disease outbreaks continue to occur in
the United States. Because effective treatment tech-
nology is available, the problems appears to be that of
upgrading water systems having inadequate barrier
protection from contaminated source waters. The
paper summarizes consensus views of possible
changes to new microbial regulations needed to ad-
dress weaknesses.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Microorganism
control (Water), "Water treatment, "Water distribution,
Distribution systems, Revisions, Upgrading, Design,
Effectiveness, Regulations, Coliform bacteria,
Sources, Barriers, Standards, Turbidity, Cost analysis,
Waterborne diseases.
PB86-176401/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Summary of the 1984 EPA (Environmental Protec-
tion Agency) National Performance Audit Pro-
gram on Source Measurements. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Div.
E. W. Streib, T. J. Logan, and M. R. Midgett. Feb 86,
44p EPA/600/4-86/005
See also PB85-165025.
In 1984, the Quality Assurance Division conducted the
National Audits for Stationary Source Test Methods.
The audit materials consisted of: a calibrated orifice for
Method 5 (DGM only), five simulated liquid samples
each for Method 6 (S02) and Method 7 (NOx), two
coal samples for Method 19A, and a disposable gas
cylinder for Method 3 (Orsat analyzer). Participating
laboratories sent their data to the Source Branch and
in return received a written report comparing their re-
sults to EPA's. In the Method 5 audit, the mean value
for all participants differed by 3.1 % from the expected
(EPA) value. For the Method 6 audit, the average
mean differed by 3.8% from the expected value, and in
the Method 7 audit the average mean differed by
3.2%. In the two coal audits, the parameters measured
were sulfur, moisture, ash, and Btu content. On the av-
erage for the sulfur analysis, 82% of the participants
measured within 10% of the expected value; for Btu,
97% of the participants measured within 10% of the
expected value. In the Method 3 audit, each parameter
had only one concentration. The mean for C02 was
1.5% from the expected value. The mean for 02 was
2.1%.
Keywords: "Auditing, "Quality assurance, "Gas analy-
sis, Chemical analysis, Sampling, Combustion prod-
ucts, Industrial wastes, "Air pollution detection, "Na-
tional performance audit program.
PB88-176435/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Interim Report on Non-Flame Hazardous Waste
Thermal Destruction. Rept. for Jan-Jun 85,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
M. Malanchuk. Mar 86.25p EPA/600/2-86/038
Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The thermal decomposition of toxic organic com-
pounds is being investigated in a laboratory system
dedicated to the non-flame mode/zone of the com-
bustion process. The early phase of the study has fo-
cused on three compounds: pentachloronitro-benzene
(a fungicide), chloroform (a ubiquitous industrial com-
pound) and heptane. The results of the third com-
pound, heptane, are preliminary to those sought for a
mixture of two or more compounds such as chloro-
form, a toxic substance, and heptane, a combustion
process fuel. The data of the report was collected
during the period January - June 1985.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Incinerators, "Air
pollution control, Pyrolysis. Combustion products.
Emissions, Organic compounds.
PB86-176468/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Nitrapyrin as the Active In-
redient.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jun 85,100p EPA/540/RS-86/122
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewd by EPA in ar-
riving at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Standards, Guidelines, Ge-
netics, Packaging, Labels, Marking, Hazardous materi-
als, Ecology, Agricultural products, Public health, Reg-
ulations, "Reregistration, "Toxic substances, Federal
Insecticide and Rodenticide Act, "Nitrapyrin.
PB86-176476/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Fluchloralin as the Active In-
redient.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jun 85,87p EPA/540/RS-86/111
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Standards, Guidelines, Ge-
netics, Packaging, Labels, Marking, Hazardous materi-
als, Chlorine organic compounds, Ecology, Agricultural
products, Public health, Regulations, "Fluchloralin,
'Reregistration, "Toxic substances, Federal Insecti-
cide and Rodenticide Act.
PB86-176S00/HSU	PC A06
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Dlflubenzuron as the Active
Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 85,114p EPA/540/RS-86/107
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Standards, Guidelines, Ge-
netics, Packaging, Labels, Marking, Hazardous materi-
als Chlorine organic compounds, Ecology, Agricultural
products, Public health, Regulations, "Reregistration,
"Toxic substances, Federal Insecticide and Rodenti-
cide Act, "Diflubenzuron.
PB86-176542/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Field Investigation and Evaluation of Land Treat-
ing Tannery Sludges. Final rept. Aug 80-Aug 85,
Tanners' Council of America, Inc., New York.
R. M. Lollar, and W. E. Kallenberger. Mar 86,123p
EPA/600/2-86/033
Contract EPA-68-03-2976
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
Land treatment of wastewater sludges from tannery
processes has been investigated during a five-year
field plot study. The experimental design included
eight field test plots receiving selected applications of
three types of tannery sludges over a three-year
period. The five-year study included analyses of
sludge, soil core, plant-tissue, and soil pore and runoff
water samples to evaluate the feasibility of land treat-
ment of tannery sludges. The data generated indicated
that land treatment is potentially an environmentally
acceptable technology for management of wastewater
sludges from trivalent chromium tanneries; however,
waste application rates must be carefully controlled.
The applied trivalent chromium appeared to remain pri-
marily in the topsoil without any detectable oxidation to
hexavalent chromium. Transport of trace quantities of
chromium in soil runoff water appeared to be associat-
ed with movement of soil particles.
Keywords: "Sludge disposal. "Leather, "Tanning ma-
terials, Field tests, Solid waste disposal, Sites, Farm
crops, Soil analysis, Plants(Botany), "Land disposal.
PB86-176559/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Synthesis of Aromatic Polyimides for Use as Solid
Sorbents. Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
R. A. Markle. Mar 86,56p EPA/600/4-86/016
Contract EPA-68-02-3487
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
High surface area, highly sorbent, polyimide powders
designed to replace or complement Tenax G-C were
obtained in high yield from pyromellitic dianhydride
(PMDA) and 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone (DADS), by
precipitation polymerization in tetrahydrofuran (THF)
solvent. The intermediate polyamide-acid powders
were cyclodehydrated to high BET surface area (25-50
sq. m./g) polyimide powders by slowly heating to 230-
240 C in an evacuated rotary evaporator. About 40
weight percent of the powder was in the 200-500 mi-
cromoles particle diameter range desired for sorption
sampling of vapor-phase organics. The polyimide pow-
ders are obtained as 0.01-1.0 micromoles diameter,
loosely agglomerated, platelets and rod-like particles.
Preliminary evaluation of the powder sorption/desorp-
tion characteristics with benzene vapor shows them to
have greater capacity than Tenax but to have less de-
sirable breakthrough characteristics due to slower
sorption kinetics ascribed to inadequate connecting
pore volume. However desorption occurs smoothly
and quantitatively at 100 C.
Keywords: "Sorbents, "Aromatic polycyclic hydrocar-
bons, 'Synthesis(Chemistry), Aromatic compounds,
Solids, Solvents, PMDA, DADS.
PB86-176666/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Improving Design and Operation of Heat Treat-
ment/Low Pressure Oxidation Systems. Final rept.
Jun 84-Sep 85.
Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Wakefield, MA.
Mar 86, 75p* EPA/600/2-86/036
Contract EPA-68-03-3208
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The purpose of the investigation is to document possi-
ble improvements to design, operation, and mainte-
nance of heat treatment and low pressure oxidation
systems for conditioning sludge prior to dewatering in
municipal wastewater treatment plants. The informa-
tion in the report is intended to supplement and qualify
literature, provide a basic understanding of thermal
conditioning processes, as well as to provide concise
information on design considerations, operational
characteristics, and process and equipment problems
and possible solutions.
Keywords: "Heat treatment, "Oxidation, "Sludge, Acti-
vated sludge process, Upgrading, Design criteria, In-
structions, Optimization, Schematic diagrams, Flow
rate, Layout, Maintenance, Process charting, Odors,
Tables(Data), Low pressure, "Thermal conditioning.
PB86-176674/HSU	PC A06/MF AOI
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Requirements Study of an Automated Advisory
System for Review of RCRA (Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act) Permits. Final rept. Apr-Nov
85,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. N. Brown, M. E. Deerhake, R. S. Truesdale, and E. L.
Fisher. Mar 86,106p EPA/600/2-86/030
Contract EPA-68-02-3992-20
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina State
Univ. at Raleigh. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engi-
neering Research Lab.
Under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
hazardous waste management facilities must apply for
operating permits. Review by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) of the present backlog of
permit applications will cost approximately $40 million.
The objectives of the project were to develop a con-
ceptual design and implementation plan for an auto-
mated advisory system to make the review process
more uniform and productive and to aid in training new
staff. The conceptual design of the advisory system is
based on expert system technology. The system will
be able to assist reviewers in making decisions that
normally require expertise, in exercising analytical
models and in generating correspondence and re-
ports. A three year implementation plan is proposed
that incorporates field tests of prototype advisory
system modules after 6 months time and deployment
of partially completed advisory systems after the first
year. Plans for advisory system maintenance, perform-
ance monitoring, and feedback from permit reviewers
are recommended.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Information systems,
"Permit applications, "Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act, Resource recovery acts, Environmental
Protection Agency.
PB86-176773/HSU	PC A02/MF AOI
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Yield Response of Head Lettuce ('Lactuca satlva'
L.) to Ozone. Journal article,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
P. J. Temple, O. C. Taylor, and L. F. Benoit. C1986, 8d
EPA/600/J-86/011
Contract EPA-R-807399
Pub. in Environmental and Experimental Botany, v26
n1 p53-58 Jan-Mar 86. Sponsored by Corvallis Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., OR.
Head lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv 'Empire') was grown
in the field and exposed in open-top chambers to pro-
portional increments of ozone (03) from full charcoal
filtration (CF) to twice ambient 03 concentrations(NF x
2.0). Severe foliar injury developed on young plants ex-
posed to 03 concentrations 1.7 and 2.0 times greater
than ambient (seasonal 7 hr means of 0.104 ana 0.128
ppm, respectively). These exposure levels also re-
duced total head weight 13 and 35%, respectively
compared with CF plants. Marketable-sized head
weight was reduced 21 and 80%, respectively. (Copy-
right (c) 1986 Pergamon Press Ltd.).
Keywords: "Ozone, "Lettuce, "Air pollution, Yield
Tolerances(Physiology), Damage, Injuries'
Concentration(Composition),	Exposure'
Weight(Mass), Reprints, "Air pollution effects(Rants)'
"Lactuca sativa.
PB86-176781/HSU	PC A02/MF Aoi
Excised Barley Root Uptake of Several 14C La-
beled Organic Compounds. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
C. McFarlane, and C. Wlckliff. 1985,9p EPA/600/J-
85/361
Pub. in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment S
P385-391 Dec 85.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Many organic pollutants potentially are available for
uptake by plants and thus bioaccumulation and food
contamination. One method of studying uptake is with
excised roots, a technique extensively used with plant
nutrients. A similar method was developed and used to
evaluate uptake patterns of several 14C-labeled or-
ganic chemicals. Uptake rate constants for the chemi-
cals tested occurred in the following order: captan ap-
proximately equals phenol > aniline > ethanol ap-
proximately equals indole approximately equals triflur-
alin approximately equals propanil > 1,2,4-
trichlorobenzene(TCB) > nitrobenzene approximately
equals atrazine > bromacil > simazine > monuron.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Toxicity, 'Barley
plants, "Food contamination, Availability, Nutrients, Ki-
netics, Carbon isotopes, Isotopic labeling,
Concentration(Composition), Phenols, Ethanols, Ani-
lines, Nitrobenzenes, Correlation, Field tests, Chlorine
aliphatic compounds, Cycloalkene compounds, Re-
prints, 'Bioaccumulation, Roots, Captan, Cyclohexene
dicarboximide, N- (Trichloromethylthio).
PB88-176799/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Application of a Finite-Difference Technique to
the Human Radiofrequency Dosimetry Problem.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. J. Spiegel, M. B. E. Fatmi, and K. S. Kunz. C1985,
15p EPA/600/J-85/363
Pub. in Jnl. Microwave Power, v20 n4 p241-254 1985.
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC., and Lawrence Livermore
National Lab., CA.
A powerful finite difference numerical technique has
been applied to the human radiofrequency dosimetry
problem. The method possesses inherent advantages
over the method of moments approach in that its im-
plementation requires much less computer memory.
Consequently, it has the capability to calculate specific
absorption rates (SARs) at higher frequencies and pro-
vides greater spatial resolution. The method is illustrat-
ed by the calculation of the time-domain and frequen-
cy-domain SAR responses at selected locations in the
chest. The model for the human body is comprised of
rectangular cells with dimensions of 4 x 4 x 6cm and di-
electric properties that simulate average tissue (2/3
muscle). Additionally, the upper torso (chest) is config-
ured by both homogeneous and inhomogeneous
models in which this region is subdivided into 20,736
cells with dimensions of 11 x1 x1 cm.
Keywords: 'Finite difference theory, "Microwaves, Do-
simetry, Humans, Absorption, Reprints, "Radiofre-
quency dosimetry.
PB88-176807/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Respiratory Symptom* and Peak Flow Associated
with Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollutants In tha
Southwest. Journal article,
Arizona Univ. Health Sciences Center, Tucson.
M. D. Lebowitz, C. J. Holberg, B. Boyer, and C. Hayes.
C1985, 7p EPA/600/J-85/364
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Association, v35 n11
p1154-1158 Nov 85. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A symptom-stratified, geographic cluster sample of
117 middle class households was studied. Symptom
daily diaries and peak flows were obtained for 211 sub-
jects over a two-year period. Indoor sampling in a
sample of houses was performed for 03, TSP, RSP,
CO, temperature (T), and relative humidity (RH). Ques-
tionnaires determined type of stove and number of
smokers in all households. Ambient pollutants (03,
TSP, CO, N02), were monitored in or near the clusters,
as were T and RH. Smoking In the household was sig-
nificantly correlated with TSP and RSP. Indoor CO was
significantly correlated with gas stove usage. Normal
young adults under age 25 had daily peak flows (PEF)
associated with outdoor 03 after adjusting for other
factors). Asthmatics' PEF was associated with smok-
ing, gas stove use and outdoor N02, and with outdoor
03 and temperature, after controlling for other factors.
Indoor and outdoor factors affected asthmatic symp-
toms, after controlling for age, sex, smoking and other
ambient environmental variables.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Sampling, Surveys, Smoking,
Reprints, 'Indoor air pollution, Southwest
region(United States), "Air pollution effects(Humans).
PB86-176963/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Detection of Rotavirus In Human Stools by Using
Monoclonal Antibody. Journal article,
Massachusetts Univ. Medical School, Worcester.
G. Cukor, D. M. Perron, R. Hudson, and N. R.
Blacklow. C1984,7p EPA/600/J-84/368
Contract EPA-R-808801
Pub. in Jnl. of Clinical Microbiology, v19 n6 p888-892
Jun 84. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
A monoclonal antibody, 3F7, which reacts with the
common rotavirus antigen on the sixth viral gene prod-
uct was prepared. It was used in a direct monoclonal
antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA) as a diagnostic rea-
gent for detection in 3.5 hours of rotavirus in human
pediatric stool specimens. In the 177 samples tested,
a concordance of 96 percent was seen between the
monoclonal RIA and the well-established and com-
monly used commercially available Rotazyme test. Six
discrepant specimens which were positive by mono-
clonal RIA but negative by Rotazyme were shown to
be positive by either electron microscopy or confirma-
tory blocking immunoassay. A seventh discrepant
specimen was positive by Rotazyme and negative by
monoclonal RIA as well as by both direct and immune
electron microscopy. The monoclonal RIA test ap-
pears to be highly sensitive and specific, and merits
additional evaluation as a rapid, convenient diagnostic
assay that can reduce currently encountered problems
associated with diagnosing rotavirus by immunoassay.
Keywords: 'Viruses, "Antibodies, Detection, Diagno-
sis, Humans, Reprints, 'Rotaviruses, "Monoclonal
antibodies, Radioimmunoassay.
PB86-177193/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Test of a Theoretical Commuter Exposure Model
to Vehicle Exhaust In Traffic,
Hawaii Univ. at Manoa, Honolulu.
P. Flachsbart, and C. Ah Yo. Apr 86,19p EPA/600/D-
86/069
Grant EPA-R-810344
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A theoretical model of commuter exposure is present-
ed as a box or cell model with the automobile passen-
ger compartment representing the microenvironment
exposed to CO concentrations resulting from vehicle
exhaust leaks and emissions from traffic. Equations
which describe this situation are developed and dis-
cussed. The model is evaluated according to predic-
tive power, explanatory power when compared to a
more parsimonious model, and the influence of Initial
CO concentrations inside a vehicle's passenger com-
partment. The model is shown to have relatively high
predictive power and excellent explanatory power
when compared to the more conservative model.
Keywords: "Roads, "Exhaustemissions, "Air pollution,
Carbon monoxide, Mathematical models,
Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Transport
properties, "Air quality, "Commuter transportation.
PB86-177201/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Field Validation of the Volatile Organic Sampling
Train (VOST) Protocol,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
T. J. Logan, R. G. Fuerst, M. R. Midgett, and J.
Prohaska. Apr 86,18p EPA/600/D-86/070
Prepared in cooperation with PEI Associates, Inc., Cin-
cinnati, OH.
With the development of the Volatile Organic Sampling
Train (VOST) Protocol (February 1984) to measure or-
ganic emissions from hazardous waste incinerators, a
wide variety of compounds have been collected and
analyzed. Because its use is currently being recom-
mended by regulatory agencies to measure emissions
for compliance determinations, the VOST Protocol
was subjected to a methods validation study. The
paper documents the results of the VOST field test val-
idation. Because of the variety of organic compounds
to which this method will inevitably be applied, the
almost unlimited number of permutations that could be
conceived made a comprehensive validation impracti-
cal. Nevertheless, five organic compounds with boiling
points in the approximate range of 30 to 100 C were
chosen to be used in the validation study. They were:
trichlorofluoromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachlo-
ride, benzene, and tetrachloroethylene. The paper dis-
cusses the sampling and analytical results when those
five compounds were spiked into and collected from
the gas stream of a hazardous waste incinerator. Pre-
cision as measured by Relative Std Deviation was less
than 5%. Accuracy as measured by % recovery was
above 90%.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Hazardous materials,
"Trace elements, "Incinerators, Field tests, Sampling,
Performance evaluation, Combustion products, Chem-
ical analysis, Sites, "Volatile organic sampling trains,
'Air pollution sampling.
PB86-177S32/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Ambient Monitoring for PCB After Remedial
Cleanup of Two Landfills in the Bloomington, Indi-
ana Area,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
D. L. Sgontz, and J. E. Howes. Mar 86,90p EPA/600/
4-86/018
Contract EPA-68-02-3745
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A monitoring program was conducted to determine
PCB levels in ambient air on and in the vicinity of two
landfills at which interim remedial cleanup measures
have been performed. The landfill sites are in the
Bloomington, Indiana area. The sampling locations
and methods used were the same as employed in a
pre-cleanup monitoring program conducted during
June and July, 1983. Monitoring data obtained at
former hot spots (on the sites where exposed capaci-
tors were visible) showed a marked reduction from the
pre-cleanup monitoring levels. However, PCB concen-
trations measured at downwind locations at the site
boundaries during the pre- and post-cleanup monitor-
ing were approximately the same. Collected monitor-
ing conducted during the study showed that both the
low- and high-volume sampling methods yielded reli-
able, reproducible measurements of airborne PCB
levels.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Earth fills, "Air
pollution detection, Indiana, Monitoring, "Chemical
spills, Bloomington(lndiana), Air sampling, "Polychlori-
nated biphenyls.
PB86-177557/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Multimedia Technical Support Document for the
Ethanol-for-Fuel Industry. Final rept. 1981-85.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Industrial Technology Div.
Apr 86,260p EPA/440/1-86/093
The Multimedia Technical Support Document presents
the technical data base developed by the Industrial
Technology Division of EPA for the ethanol-for-fuel
point source category. Data were originally collected
between 1979 and 1981 with the intent of using them
as the basis for proposing effluent limitations guide-
lines. However, in early 1982, an EPA policy decision
was made to develop guidance for the Ethanol-for-
Fuel industry instead of effluent limits. The decision
was made because of the decline in the growth of the
industry when foreign crude oil became more available
and the fuel shortage was somewhat abated. The doc-
ument discusses various source of pollution generated
from the ethanol-for-fuel facilities on a multimedia
basis: for air, water, and solid waste. Also, various pol-
lutants of concern associated with media waste
stream are listed.
Keywords: "Ethanols, "Technical assistance, "Fuels,
Effluents, Air pollution. Water pollution, Solid wastes,
'Pollution control.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-177565/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Ethion as the Active Ingredi-
ent.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 82, 75p EPA/540/RS-86/123
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, 'Reregistra-
tion, 'Toxic substances, Federal Insecticide and Ro-
denticide Act, 'Ethion, CAS 563-12-2.
PB86-177573/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Fenaminosulf as the Active
Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 83, 90p EPA/540/RS-86/124
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, 'Reregistra-
tion, 'Toxic substances, Federal Insecticide and Ro-
denticide Act, Fenaminosulf, CAS 140-56-7.
PB86-177581/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Acid Deposition, Trace Contaminants and Their
Indirect Human Health Effects: Research Needs,
New York State Dept. of Environmental Conservation,
Albany.
S. O. Quinn, and N. Bloomfield. Mar 86,89p EPA/600/
9-86/002
Proceedings of a Workshop held at Paul Smiths, New
York on June 19-22,1984. Sponsored by Corvallis En-
vironmental Research Lab., OR., and Albany Medical
Coll., NY.
A workshop to examine the research needs for acidic
deposition, trace contaminants and their indirect
human health effects was held in the Adirondack
Mountains of NY, June 19-22, 1984. The purpose of
the workshop was to: review the current knowledge
base; and propose a research agenda concerning the
relationship between acidic deposition and altered bio-
geochemical cycling of trace contaminants, as related
specifically to increased human exposure (post-depo-
sition). Working groups in atmospheric processes, bio-
geochemistry, bioaccumulation and human health ef-
fects developed state-of-the-art summaries concern-
ing acidic deposition effects, summarized known and
unknown aspects of the acidic deposition phenome-
non and identified research needs.
Keywords: 'Public health, 'Acidity, 'Trace elements,
'Watersheds, 'Pollution, "Meetings, Deposition,
Lakes, Exposure, Humans, Food chains. Potable
water, Mercury(Metal), Lead(Metal), Aluminum, Cad-
mium, Assessments, 'Acid precipitation, Atmospheric
loading, Path of pollutants.
PB86-177698/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
park NC.
Multicompartment Kinetic Model for Lead. Part 3.
Lead in Blood Plasma and Erythrocytes. Journal
article
Washington State Univ., Pullman. Dept. of Pure and
Applied Mathematics.		
A. H. Marcus. C1985,19p EPA/600/J-85/362
Pub. in Environmental Research 36, n2 p473-489 Apr
85. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Multicompartment models have been fitted to experi-
mental data on plasma lead and blood lead concentra-
tions of subjects studied by de Silva (1981, Brit. J. In-
dustr. Med. 38, 209-217) and one subject studied by
Manton and Malloy (1983, Brit. J. Industr. Med., 40, 51-
57). Nonlinear models for plasma lead vs. blood lead in
populations provide significantly better descriptions
than does a linear model. Short-term kinetic data do
not clearly resolve the precise nonlinear mechanism,
however. Parameters of plasma and erythrocyte distri-
bution in a single subject were significantly different on
two occasions.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), 'Blood plasma, Mathemati-
cal models, Concentration(Composition), Erythro-
cytes, Reprints, 'Kinetic models.
PB86-177755/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Monitoring for Non-Occupational Exposure to
Pesticides in Indoor and Personal Respiratory Air,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
R. G. Lewis, A. E. Bond, T. R. Fitz-Simons, D. E.
Johnson, and J. P. Hsu. Apr 86,19p EPA/600/D-86/
059
Prepared in cooperation with Southwest Research
Inst., San Antonio, TX.
Methodology based on collection of pesticides on
polyurethane foam and analysis by gas chromatogra-
phy-mass spectrometry was evaluated for 30 pesti-
cides commonly used in and around the home. As part
of a 9-home pilot study in an urban-suburban area of
the southeastern U.S., air samples were collected over
24-hr periods inside and outside of private residences.
In addition, one resident from each home wore or kept
nearby portable samplers to determine personal expo-
sure while at home or away. Over 20 of the target pes-
ticides were detected in indoor air at levels above the
0.01 micrograms per cu.m. detection limit. Air concen-
trations were significantly higher indoors than out-
doors, and more pesticides were detected indoors.
The most prevalent pesticides (and their average con-
centrations) were chlorpyrifos (2.3 micrograms per cu.
m.), diazinon (1.4 micrograms per cu.m.), propoxur
(0.04 micrograms per cu.m ), and heptachlor (0.09 mi-
crograms per cu.m.). Personal exposure monitoring re-
vealed air concentrations which were generally similar
to the simultaneously-determined indoor air levels,
suggesting that most of the respiratory exposure oc-
curred within the house. Collocated samplers operated
at flow rates of 1.2 to 225 L/min yielded similar results.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Organic compounds, Industri-
al wastes, Monitoring, 'Air pollution detection, Air sam-
pling, High volume air samplers.
PB86-177771/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Use of Immunofluorescence and Phase-Contrast
Microscopy for Detection and Identification of
'Glardia' Cysts in Water Samples. Journal artic.d,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park NC
J. F. Sauch. 1985, 6p EPA/600/J-85/365
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v50
n6p1434-1438 Dec85.
A method was developed in which indirect immuno-
fluorescence and phase-contrast microscopy are used
for rapid detection and identification of Giardia cysts in
raw and finished water supplies. When anti-Giardia
cyst antiserum and fluorescein conjugate were applied
to known Giardia cysts on membrane filters, the cysts
fluoresced bright green when they were illuminated by
UV light. This procedure permitted individual cysts to
be quickly located even in samples heavily contami-
nated with other microorganisms and debris. The iden-
tity of presumptive Giardia cysts located in this way
could then be confirmed by observing characteristic in-
ternal morphological features with phase-contrast mi-
croscopy. With this method, Giardia cysts were detect-
ed and their identities were confirmed in samples
taken from raw and finished surface water supplies
during several recent outbreaks.
Keywords: 'Cysls, Disease vectors, Surface waters.
Water pollution, Monitoring, Reprints, 'Giardiasis,
'Fluorescent antibody technique, Waterborne dis-
eases.
PB86-177789/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Inactlvation of 'Campylobacter Jejuni' by Chlorine
and Monochloramine. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research Div.
M. J. Blaser, P. F. Smith, W. L. L. Wang, and J. C. Hoff
C1986,6p EPA/600/J-86/017
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v51
n2 p307-311 Feb 86. Prepared in cooperation with Col-
orado Univ. Health Sciences Center, Denver. Div. of
Infectious Diseases, and Veterans Administration
Medical Center, Denver, CO.
Campylobacter jejuni and closely related organisms
are important bacterial causes of acute diarrheal ill-
ness in the United States. Both endemic and epidemic
infections have been associated with consuming un-
treated or improperly treated surface water. The sus-
ceptibility of three C. jejuni strains and Escherichia coli
ATCC 11229 were compared with standard proce-
dures used to disinfect water. The results suggest that
disinfection procedures commonly used for treatment
of drinking water to remove coliform bacteria are ade-
quate to eliminate C. jejuni and further correlate with
the absence of outbreaks associated with properly
treated water.
Keywords: "Chlorinalion, 'Disinfection, 'Bacteria, Re-
prints, "Water pollution control, Pathogens, Campylo-
bacter jejuni, Escherichia coli.
PB86-177797/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparative Removal of Toxic Pollutants by Six
Wastewater Treatment Processes. Journal article
Dec 83-Aug 84 (Final),
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
S. A. Hannah, B. M. Austern, A. E. Eralp, and R. H.
Wise. C1986,10p EPA/600/J-86/018
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
v58n1 p27-34Jan 86.
Five pilot scale wastewater treatment processes pro-
viding less than secondary treatment were evaluated
for capability to remove priority pollutants from munici-
pal wastewater. The selected processes were primary
clarification plus filtration, chemical clarification, high
rate trickling filter, aerated lagoon and facultative
lagoon. A conventional activated sludge system was
operated in parallel with the alternative processes to
serve as a control. Wastewater feed was spiked with
21 organics dissolved in toluene. Removals of ambient
levels of five metals were also determined. The control
activated sludge provided the best removals of organ-
ics.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, "Sewage treatment,
Activated sludge process, Clarification, Filtration,
Metals, Trickling filters, Lagoons(Ponds), Comparison,
Toxicity, Carbon tetrachloride, Chloroform, Removal,
Tables(Data), Bromoform, Phenol, Metals, Chloroben-
zenes, Reprints, "Tertiary treatment.
PB86-177805/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Decomposition by Planktonlc and Attached
Microorganisms Improves Chemical Fate Modal*.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
R. R. Lassiter, R. S. Parrish, and L. A. Burns. C1986
13p EPA/600/J-86/012
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v5
n1 p29-39 Jan 86. Prepared in cooperation with Com-
puter Sciences Corp., Athens, GA.
Terms for decomposition by both suspended and at-
tached microorganisms were included in a model to
calculate the fate of chemicals in aquatic systems. The
model differs from previous models primarily by the in-
clusion of a term for decomposition by aufwuchs in ad-
dition to a term for decomposition by planktonic micro-
organisms. Decomposition by aufwuchs is represented
as occurring at a rate limited by the serial processes of
transport to a planar surface and decomposition at the
surface. Two sets of experiments were conducted
using replicate laboratory microcosms, each main-
tained with six different environments. Included in
these parameters were the rate coefficients for the two
microbial decomposition terms. With both microbial
decomposition terms included, the fate model ac-
counted satisfactorily for observed methyl parathion
concentration using only a single, environment-inde-
pendent rate coefficient for each term.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Microorganisms, "Aquatic biology, "Or-
ganic compounds, "Water pollution, Decomposition,
Sediment transport, Mathematical models. Environ-
ments, Model tests, Plankton, Insecticides, Phospho-
rus organic compounds, Sulfur organic compounds,
Reprints, Auhvuchs, "Path of pollutants, Methyl par-
athion.
PB86-177813/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Detection of Rotavirus with a New Polyclonal
Antibody Enzyme Immunoassay (Rotazyme 2)
and a Commercial Latex Agglutination Text (Rota-
lex): Comparison with a Monoclonal Antibody
Enzyme Immunoassay. Journal article,
Massachusetts Univ. Medical Center, Worcester.
G. V. Doern, J. E. Herrmann, P. Henderson, D. Stobbs-
Walro, and D. M. Perron. C1986, 6p EPA/600/J-86/
016
Contract EPA-R-812550
Pub. in Jnl. of Clinical Microbiology, v23 n2 p226-229
Feb 86. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
A total of 176 human fecal specimens were examined
for the presence of rotavirus using four different
assays: a monoclonal antibody enzyme immunoassay;
the original polyclonal antibody enzyme immunoassay
marketed by Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, IL (Rota-
zyme I); a modification of this assay which is now com-
mercially available (Rotazyme II); and a latex aggluti-
nation test (Rotalex) recently introduced by Medical
Technology Corporation, Somerset, NJ. In addition,
selected specimens were examined for the presence
of rotavirus by electron microscopy, immune electron
microscopy and by RNA gel electrophoresis. Forty
specimens were positive using the monoclonal anti-
body enzyme immunoassay; 136 were negative. Using
the results obtained with the procedure as the refer-
ence standard, the sensitivities of the Rotazyme I, Ro-
tazyme II and Rotalex tests were 97.4,100, and 81.6%
respectively. The specificities of these three proce-
dures were 88.8,83.9, and 100%, respectively.
Keywords: "Viruses, Detection, Humans, Feces, Bio-
assay, Reprints, "Rotaviruses, "Immunoassay, "Ag-
glutination test.
PB86-177821/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Kinetic Concepts tor Measuring Microbial Rate
Constants: Effects of Nutrients on Rate Con-
stants. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
D. F. Paris, and J. E. Rogers. 1986,7p EPA/600/J-86/
015
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v51
n2 p221-225 Feb 86.
The authors investigated the effect of preincubation of
environmental waters amended with inorganic nutri-
ents (nitr-gen, phosphorus, and traces of iron and
magnesium) on the kinetics of the microbial transfor-
mation of phenol, propanil, propyl ester of (2,4-dichlor-
ophenoxy) acetic acid, methyl parathion, Ronnel, and
methoxychlor in pond and river waters. No effect on
the second-order rate constants for these compounds
was observed, although there was an increase in the
bacterial populations and the pseudo-first-order rate
constants. The use of nutrient-amended waters could
be a useful tool for estimating second-order rate con-
stants for an expanded number of compounds. This
technique would provide a larger data base for predict-
ing the behavior of xenobiotic compounds in the envi-
ronment by using currently available mathematical
models. (Copyright (c) 1986, American Society for
Microbiology).
Keywords: "Nutrients, "Inorganic compounds,
"Phenol, "Biodeterioration, "Water pollution, Rivers,
Assessments, Kinetics, Microorganisms, Malathion,
Phosphorus organic acid esters, Bacteria. Sampling,
Chromatographic analysis, Tables(Data), Hydrolysis,
Reprints.
PB86-177839/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatographlc/Mass
Spectrometry Determination of Volatile Carboxyl-
Ic Acids Using ion-Pair Extraction and Thermally
Induced Alkylatlon. Journal article,
Northeastern Univ., Boston, MA. Dept. of Chemistry.
C. P. Tsai, A. Sahil, J. M. McGuire, B. L. Karger, and P.
Vouros. C1985,6p EPA/600/J-86/014
Contract EPA-R-807325
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v58 n1 p2-6 Jan 86.
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Athens,
GA.
Low molecular weight volatile carboxylic acids have
been analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatog-
raphy/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) using post-
column derivatization and a moving belt interface. In
order to prevent loss of the volatile solutes during
transport to the mass spectrometer, the acids were ion
paired with tetrabutylammonium counterions. Flash
vaporization on the ion pairs into the mass spectrome-
ter yielded butyl esters which were analyzed by chemi-
cal ionization MS. Aqueous samples containing the
free carboxylic acids were analyzed by direct injection
into the liquid chromatograph. Detection limits in the
parts-per-billion range were achieved.
Keywords: "Carboxylic acids, Degradation, Liquid
chromatography, Mass spectrometry, Volatility, Re-
prints.
PB86-177847/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Stainless-Steel Soil Solution Sampler for Monitor-
ing Pesticides In the Vadose Zone. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
C. N. Smith, and R. F. Carsel. 1986, 5p EPA/600/J-
86/013
Pub. in Soil Science Society of America Jnl., v50 n1
p263-265 Jan-Feb 86.
A design for an in situ soil solution sampler (suction ly-
simeter), consisting of a stainless steel tube with a 0.1
MPa(-1.0 bar), high flow, porous ceramic cup, is pre-
sented for use In monitoring pesticide or other dis-
solved chemical leaching in the vadose (unsaturated)
zone. The sampler is of one piece construction with
the porous ceramic cup attached by epoxy adhesive.
The design permits collection of a total volume of up to
0.5 of soil solution per sample. Laboratory studies indi-
cated that pesticide sorption on the sampler was insig-
nificant and no analytical interference problems were
observed. The samplers were designed to monitor
leaching of pesticides and inorganic tracers in an on-
going field study in southwest Georgia.
Keywords: "Soil water, "Pesticides, "Lysimeters, Sam-
plers, Design, Leaching, Stainless steels, Monitoring,
Performance evaluation, Drainage, Unsaturation, Test
methods, Georgia, Reprints, Vadose zone.
PB86-178043/HSU	CP T03
Terrestrial Toxicity Data Base (TERRE-TOX),
1970-1985. Data file,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR. Toxics/
Pesticide Branch.
S. M. Meyers, S. M. Schiller, and E. Merwin, Sep 85,
mag tape EPA/600/M-86/008, EPA/DF/MT-86/016
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. Call NTIS
Computer Products if you have questions.
TERRE-TOX is a new data base developed for the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to aid in evalu-
ating pre-manufacturing notices and research.
TERRE-TOX contains published (1970 to present) in-
formation on toxicity of anthropogenic substances to
terrestrial animals. Currently, species are limited to
wildlife, bees, earthworms, and laboratory rodents
where the substance involved is likely to affect wildlife.
The studies deal with acute toxicity, behavior, repro-
duction, physiological and biochemical responses. Ad-
ditional information on the chemical used for each
study (CAS number, purity, synonyms), test organisms
(species, common name, age), and test conditions
(route of administration, dose regimen, range of
doses) is also provided. TERRE-TOX is designed to
become part of SPHERE (Scientific Parameters for
Health and Environment, Retrieval and Estimation)
within the Chemical Information System.
Keywords: "Data file, "Toxicity, "Wildlife, Pollution,
Animals, Bees, Rodents, Worms, Animal behavior!
Reproduction(Biology), Biochemistry, Animal physiolo-
gy, Responses, Dosage, Evaluation.
PB86-178076/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Summary Review of the Health Effects Associat-
ed with Phenol: Health Issue Assessment. Final
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
R. M. Bruce. May 86,44p EPA/600/8-86/003F
Larger production volume and natural sources of mon-
ohydroxybenzene, generically known as phenol, make
exposure likely. Occupational and environmental ex-
posure to phenol is largely restricted to source domi-
nated areas, however. Based on monitoring data, am-
bient levels of phenol are extremely low compared
with the present TLV (threshold limit value) of 5 ppm
(19 mg/cu.m.). The STEL (short-term exposure level)
for phenol is 10 ppm (38 mg/cu.m.). The estimated
half-life of phenol is 0.5 day, and less than 1 minute in
polluted atmospheres. The odor recognition threshold
of phenol is 0.05 ppm (0.19 mg/cu.m.), a level far
below the levels where toxic effects have been report-
ed. Phenol is absorbed by animals and humans after
oral, inhalation, or dermal exposure. Muscle weak-
ness, convulsions, and coma are the predominant
symptoms after exposure to lethal concentrations.
After absorption, exogenous phenol is metabolized
principally by the liver, and excretion occurs mainly via
urine.
Keywords: "Phenol, "Hazardous materials, "Industrial
medicine, Toxicology, Reviews, Exposure, "Toxic sub-
stances, "Occupational safety and health, Benzene/
monohydroxy.
PB86-178118/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Factors Affecting the Long-Term Response of
Surface Waters to Acidic Deposition: State-of-the-
Sclence. Project rept.,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
M. R. Church, R. S. Turner, D. W. Johnson, J. N.
Elwood, and W. Van Winkle. Mar 86, 317p EPA/600/
3-86/025	... ,,
Prepared in cooperation with Oak Ridge National Lab.,
TN.
Recent intensive study of the causes of surface water
acidification has led to numerous hypothesized con-
trolling mechanisms. Among these are the sa|t-effect
reduction of alkalinity, the base cation buffering and
sulfate adsorption capacities of soils, availability of
weatherable minerals, depth of till, macropore flow,
and type of forest cover. Correlative and predictive
models have been developed to show the
relationships^ any) between the hypothesized con-
trolling mechanisms and surface water acidity, and to
suggest under what conditions additional surface
waters might become acid. The US EPA is interested
in surveying watershed characteristics to correlate
with predictive model simulations in and effort to
assess how many surface waters will become acid
within certain timeframes. The document is a review of
our current knowledge of factors and processes con-
trolling soil and surface water acidification, as well as
an assessment of the adequacy of that knowledge for
making predictions of future acidification.
Keywords: "Acidification, "Surface waters, "Water pol-
lution, Hydrology, Cations, Alkalinity,
Reduction(Chemistry), Sulfates, Adsorption, Water-
sheds, Surveys, Correlation, Soils, Assessments,
Mathematical models, Vegetation, 'Acid precipitation,
Plant canopy.
PB86-178128/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Fly Ash Resistivity Prediction Improvement with
Emphasis on Sulfur Trloxide. Final rept. Jul 83-Jul
84,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
R. E. Bickelhaupt. Mar 86,72p SORI-EAS-85-841,
EPA/600/7-86/010
Grant EPA-R-806217
Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of research to improve and
extend the capabilities of a technique for predicting fly
ash resistivity from the ultimate coal analysis and the
coal ash composition. Emphasis was on determining
the quantitative effect of adsorbed sulfuric acid vapor
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
on resistivity. Ten fly ash samples were used in order
to have a reasonable spectrum of ash composition.
Resistivity was determined as a function of tempera-
ture in air environments containing 5 and 10% water.
Isothermal resistivity was measured for each ash at
three temperature levels using three concentrations of
sulfur trioxide (S03). With respect to resistivity predic-
tions for conditions not including S03, the present
data did not suggest modifying Model I of the resistivity
prediction. However, the much larger and improved
data base recently acquired with respect to environ-
ments containing S03 has required a new approach
for predicting the effect. The report presents these
data and illustrates Model II of the resistivity prediction.
Keywords: "Fly ash, "Sulfur trioxide, *Air pollution con-
trol equipment, Electric power plants, Combustion
products, Mathematical models. Coal, Sulfuric acid,
Stationary sources.
PB86-178167/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Manufacturing-
Use and Certain End-Use Pesticide Products Con-
taining Disulfoton (032501) as the Active Ingredi-
ent.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 84, 125p EPA/540/RS-86/112
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, "Reregistra-
tion, "Toxic substances, Federal Insecticide and Ro-
denticide Act, "Disulfoton, CAS 298-04-4.
PB86-178308/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Plan for Protecting Illinois Groundwater.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field.	M
Jan 86, 71 p
In August 1984, Governor James R. Thompson signed
legislation directed toward protection of groundwater
from contamination. Public Act 83-1268 provides that
the Illinois Dept. of Energy and Natural Resources,
with cooperation from the Illinois Environmental Pro-
tection Agency and the Illinois Dept. of Public Health,
will complete an assessment of current groundwater in
Illinois by July 1,1985. This document responds to the
mandate of PA 83-1268 to develop a unified statewide
groundwater protection plan. The plan identifies critical
groundwaters that have been or are partially suscepti-
ble to contamination by hazardous substances.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Water quality manage-
ment, * Illinois, Prevention, Assessments, Hazardous
materials, Standards, Ordinances, State government,
Water wells, Aquifers, Local government, Conflicts,
Land use zoning, Water supply, Monitoring, Maps,
Legislation, Drinking water.
PB86-178431/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Directory of Commercial Hazardous Waste Treat-
ment and Recycling Facilities,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
J. Bassi. Dec 85,126p EPA/530/SW-85/019
Prepared in cooperation with Development Planning
and Research Associates, Inc., Manhattan, KS.
The document provides a listing of commercial facili-
ties that accept hazardous waste for treatment and/or
recycling. For each commercial facility, the directory
provides the facility name, address, telephone
number, contact, categories of treatment (i.e. tanks,
surface impoundments, incineration, and other), and
when available, types of hazardous waste managed at
the facility.
Keywords- "Directories, "Hazardous materials, 'Solid
waste disposal, Tables(Data), "Recycled materials,
•Waste recycling.
580 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB86-178928/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Technical Guidance Manual for Performing Waste
Load Atlocations. Book 4. Lakes and Impound-
ments. Chapter 2. Nutrient/Euthrophication Im-
pacts. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Monitoring and Data Support Div.
J. L. Mancini, G. G. Kaufman, P. A. Mangarella, and E.
D. Driscoll. Aug 83,189p EPA/440/4-84/019
See also PB86-178951.
The chapter is one in a series of manuals whose pur-
pose is to provide technical information and policy
guidance for the preparation of Waste Load Alloca-
tions (WLAs), which are as technically sound as the
current state of the art permits. The objectives of such
load allocations are to ensure that quality conditions
that protect designated beneficial uses are achieved.
An additional benefit of a technically sound WLA is
that excessive degrees of treatment, which are neither
necessary nor result in corresponding improvements
in water quality, can be avoided. This can result in a
more effective utilization of available funds. This chap-
ter addresses Nutrient/Eutrophication impacts in
lakes.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, "Sewage disposal,
"Lakes, Manuals, Allocations, Environmental impacts,
Licenses, Sewage treatment, Cost effectiveness, In-
dustrial wastes, Reservoirs, Phosphorus, Mathemati-
cal models, Nitrogen, Sedimentation, Phytoplankton,
Growth, Photosynthesis, 'Organic loading, "Eutroph-
ication.
PB86-178936/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Technical Guidance Manual for Performing Waste
Load Allocations. Book 2. Streams and Rivers.
Chapter 1. Biochemical Oxygen Demand/Dis-
solved Oxygen. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Monitoring and Data Support Div.
E. D. Driscoll, J. L. Mancini, and P. A. Mangarella. Sep
83, 263p EPA/440/4-84/020
See also PB86-170628, and PB86-178944.
The chapter is one in a series of manuals whose pur-
pose is to provide technical information and policy
guidance for the preparation of Waste Load Alloca-
tions (WLAs), which are as technically sound as cur-
rent state of the art permits. The objectives of such
load allocations are to ensure that quality conditions
that protect designated beneficial uses are achieved.
An additional benefit of a technically sound WLA is
that excessive degrees of treatment, which are neither
necessary nor result in corresponding improvement in
water quality, can be avoided. This chapter addresses
Biochemical Oxygen Demand/Dissolved Oxygen
(BOD/DO) impacts in streams and rivers.
Keywords: "Biochemical oxygen demand, "Waste dis-
posal, 'Sewage disposal, "Streams, Manuals, Alloca-
tions, Environmental impacts, Licenses, Sewage treat-
ment, Cost effectiveness, Industrial wastes, Rivers,
Government policies, Oxygen, Dissolved gases, Dis-
persing, Stream flow, Mathematical models, Financ-
ing, Government, "Organic loading, Tertiary treatment.
PB86-178944/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Technical Guidance Manual for Performing Waste
Load Allocations. Book 2. Streams and Rivers.
Chapter 2. Nutrient/Eutrophication Impacts. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Monitoring and Data Support Div.
Nov 83, 139p EPA/440/4-84/021
See also PB86-178928.
The chapter is one of a series of manuals whose pur-
pose is to provide technical information and policy
guidance for the preparation of technically sound, de-
fensible Waste Load Allocations (WLAs). The objec-
tive of such load allocations is to ensure that accepta-
ble water quality conditions will be achieved or main-
tained, such that designated beneficial uses are pro-
tected. An additional benefit derived from the perform-
ance of a sound WLA is that the determination of mini-
mum allowable levels of treatment of wastewaters can
result in a more effective utilization of available funds.
The chapter addresses Nutrient/Eutrophication im-
pacts in streams and rivers.
Keywords: 'Nutrients, 'Waste disposal, "Sewage dis-
posal, "Streams, Manuals, Allocations, Environmental
impacts. Licenses, Sewage treatment, Cost effective-
ness, Industrial wastes, Rivers, Mathematical models,
Algae, Dissolved gases. Oxygen, Plankton, Chloro-
phylls, Photosynthesis, Deoxygenation, "Eutrophica-
tion, "Organic loading, Delta method.
PB86-178951/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Technical Guidance Manual for Performing Waste
Load Allocations. Book 7. Permit Averaging Peri-
ods. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Monitoring and Data Support Div.
Jul 84, 167p EPA/440/4-84/023
See also PB86-178928.
The conventional approach to developing Waste Load
Allocations (WLAs) is based on a steady state analysis
of stream conditions, using a design stream flow (usu-
ally the 7Q10) and a receiving water concentration
(usually a water quality standard based on chronic cri-
teria) for the pollutant to be allocated. An effluent con-
centration limit is computed for these conditions, and
is used to establish the NPDFS permit conditions. The
method used to evaluate the effect of permit averaging
periods is based on a probabilistic dilution model
(PDM) in which it is assumed that the stream flows, ef-
fluent flows and concentration are log-normally distrib-
uted and uncorrelated. The log-normal distribution is
known to be representative of effluent behavior and to
almost always under-estimate the lowest stream flows
somewhat.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Sewage disposal,
'Streams, Manuals, Allocations, Environmental im-
pacts, Licenses, Sewage treatment, Cost effective-
ness, Industrial wastes, Mathematical models, Steady
state, Stream flow, Dilution, Requirements, Oxygen,
Dissolved	gases,	Tables(Data).
Concentration(Composition), "Organic loading, Sec-
ondary treatment.
PB86-179207/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Growth-Trend Declines of Spruce and Fir In Mid-
Appalachian Subalplne Forests. Journal article,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
H. S. Adams, S. L. Stephenson, T. J. Biasing, and D. N.
Duvick. c1985,12p EPA/600/J-85/360
Pub. in Environmental and Experimental Biology, v25
n4 p315-325 Oct/Dec 85. Prepared in cooperation
with Dabney S. Lancaster Community Coll., Clifton
Forge, VA., and Fairmont State Coll., WV. Sponsored
by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Dendroecological analysis of 258 increment growth
cores collected from red spruce, balsam fir, and Fraser
fir in central West Virginia and western Virginia Indi-
cates marked declines in growth-trend during the past
20 years similar to that reported for spruce and fir in
high-elevation forests of the northern Appalachians.
Consequently, growth-trend declines of conifers in
subalpine forest ecosystems of eastern North America
are apparently more widespread than previously real-
ized and might therefore be related to a large-scale
change in air quality. The initiation of growth-trend de-
cline was often synchronous with the onset of a major
drought, but the growth rates have failed to recover
since the late 1960s when the drought ended. (Copy-
right (c) 1985 Pergamon Press Ltd).
Keyvyords: "Growth, "Fir trees, Forest trees. Age de-
termination, Trees(Plants), Plant ecology, Elevation,
Trends, Droughts, Mortality, Air pollution,
Stress(Physiology), Climate, Appalachian Mountains'
Insects, Reprints, Picea rubens, Red spruce trees!
Abies balsamea, Abies fraseri.
PB86-179504/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Gas Characterization, Microbiological Analysis
and Disposal of Refuse In GRI (Gas Research In-
stitute) Landfill Simulators. Final rept.,
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Dept. of Civil and Environmental
Engineering.
R. N. Kinman, J. Rickabaugh, D. Nutini, and M.
Lambert. Apr 86,94p EPA/600/2-86/041
Contract EPA-68-03-3210
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The report describes the termination of a five-year
pilot-scale project that evaluated methane production
and gas enhancement techniques in sanitary landfills.
Sixteen simulated landfills were constructed in 1980
and operated until January 1985. Data collected during
this termination study consisted of characterization of
the trace volatile constituents of the gas generated by
the experimental landfills and microbiological analysis
of the refuse.
Keywords: "Methane, "Microbiology, "Solid waste dis-
posal, "Earth fills, Pilot plants, Production, Sanitary en-
gineering, Vaporizing, Refuse, Gases, Corrosion, Bio-
deterioration,	Sludge,	Toxicity,
Concentration(Composition), Ethylene, Diagrams,
Leaching.
PB86-179645/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Dlv.
Continued Analysis and Derivation of a Method to
Model Pit Retention,
TRC Environmental Consultants, Inc., Englewood, CO.
K. D. Winges, and C F. Cole. Jan 86,117p EPA/450/
4-86/003
Contract EPA-68-02-3886
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analy-
sis Div.
The report summarizes the results of a continuing
effort to better understand the dispersion and trans-
port of particulate matter released within surface coal
mines. The report examines the relationship between
critical meteorological parameters in an effort to refine
an existing model algorithm to determine escape frac-
tion. Methods to incorporate calculating particulate
matter escape fraction into a regulatory air quality
model are proposed and FORTRAN program listings
of four alternatives are included.
Keywords: "Coal mining, "Emission, Particulate com-
posites, Surface mining, Air pollution, Dispersions.
PB86-179660/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Municipal Pollution Control.
Multiple-Hearth and Fluid Bed Sludge Inciner-
ators: Design and Operational Considerations.
Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Wakefield, MA.
Sep 85, 70p EPA/430/9-85/002
Contract EPA-68-03-3208
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Municipal Pollution Control.
The document provides a basic understanding of
sludge incineration as well as concise information on
design considerations, operational characteristics and
process and equipment problems and possible solu-
tions.
Keywords: "Sludge disposal, "Incinerators, Refuse,
Design criteria, Operations, Constraints, Maintenance,
Roasters, Fluidized bed processors, Manpower.
PB86-179678/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Dissolved Oxygen and Oxidation-Reduction Po-
tentials in Ground Water. Final rept. Jun 84-Mar 86,
Illinois State Water Survey Div., Champaign.
T. R. Holm, G. K. George, and M. J Barcelona. Apr 86,
64p EPA/600/2-86/042
Grant EPA-R-811477
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
Water samples were collected from various depths in a
pristine sand and gravel water table aquifer at monthly
intervals over a period of one year. Dissolved oxygen
concentrations were near saturation 9 feet below the
water table and decreased to nearly zero at 78 feet
below the water table. Changes in the Eh values were
consistent with changes in the dissolved oxygen con-
centrations. Hydrogen peroxide was detected in nano-
molar concentrations at all depths, but not on every
sampling run. Of all oxidation-reduction potentials cal-
culated from substituting analytical results into the
Nernst equation, only the Fe(3+)/Fe(2 + ) couple in
the deepest well agreed with the measured Eh within
50 millivolts. The concentration profiles of many so-
lutes, including dissolved oxygen, suggest mixing of
shallow and deep ground waters. The observed con-
centration profiles were relatively constant over the
duration of the sampling.
Keywords: "Oxygen, "Oxidation reduction reactions,
"Ground water. Sampling, Dissolved gases, Aquifers,
Concentration(Composition), Water table, Hydrogen
peroxide, Mixing, Electrode potentials, Metals, Ions,
Water wells, Solutes, Tables(Data), Eh.
PB86-179694/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Program to Calculate Size Specific Particulate
Emissions for Mobile Sources - A User's Guide.
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
VA.
Aug 85,102p EPA/460/3-85/007,, EPA/SW/MT-86/
011
Contract EPA-68-03-1865
For system on magnetic tape, see PB86-179702. See
also PB86-142155. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Emission Control Tech-
nology Div.
The report provides documentation for a computer
program which calculates the size specific particulate
emissions from mobile sources in a given geographic
area. The documentation includes detailed explana-
tions of inputs and outputs, program structure, and de-
fault data. The report includes copies of the source
code, data file, and some sample runs.
Keywords: "Dust control, "Roads, "Motor vehicles,
Chemical compounds, Stabilizers(Agents), Emissions,
Rural areas, "Air pollution control, "Unpaved roads,
Chemical treatment, Stationary sources, Particulates.
PB86-179702/HSU	CP T05
Program to Calculate Size Specific Particulate
Emissions for Mobile Sources. Software,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
J. Adler. Nov 84, mag tape EPA/SW/MT-86/011
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products if you have questions. Price
includes documentation, PB86-179694.
The methodology and sources of data for the program
are described in detail in the report, Size Specific Total
Particulate Emission Factors for Mobile Sources, pre-
pared in August, 1984 for EPA by EEA. The report de-
scribes the calculation of particulate emission factors
for each of the six vehicle classes used in the program.
It also provides emission factors for each major type of
particulate (lead, organic, sulfate, and diesel compos-
ite). The program inputs and format are designed to
parallel those found in MOBILE 3. User inputs include
scenario year, vehicle speed, driving conditions, and
particle size range. By setting control flags the user
can elect to replace the default data with locality spe-
cific data...Software Description: The program is writ-
ten in the FORTRAN programming language for imple-
mentation on an Amdahl 5860 computer using the
MTS operating system.
Keywords: 'Software, "Dust control, "Roads, "Motor
vehicles, Magnetic tapes, Chemical compounds,
Stabilizers)Agents), Emissions, Rural areas, "Air pollu-
tion control, "Unpaved roads, Chemical treatment,
Stationary sources, Particulates.
PB86-179736/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Outdoor Smog Chamber Experiments: Reactivity
of Methanol Exhaust,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
H. E. Jeffries, K. G. Sexton, and M. S. Holleman. Sep
85,227p EPA/460/3-85/009A
Contract EPA-68-03-3162
See also PB86-179744. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Emission Control
Technology Div.
The purpose of the report was to provide an experi-
mental smog chamber database especially designed
to test photochemical kinetics mechanisms that would
be used to assess the effects of methanol fuel use in
automobiles. The mechanisms would be used in urban
air quality control models to investigate the advan-
tages of large scale use of methanol fuel in automo-
biles. The smog chamber experiments were performed
during three summer months. They have been added
to the existing UNC database for photochemical mech-
anism validation and testing, bringing the total number
of dual-experiments in the database to over 400. Three
different hydrocarbon mixtures were used: a 13-com-
ponent mixture representing synthetic automobile ex-
haust; an 18-component mixture representing synthet-
ic urban ambient hydrocarbons; and a 14-component
mixture derived from the synthetic automobile exhaust
by the addition of n-butane. Three different synthetic
methanol exhaust mixtures were used: 80% metha-
nol/10% formaldehyde; and 100% methanol.
Keywords: "Methyl alcohol, "Smog, "Test chambers,
"Exhaust emissions, Aldehydes, Formaldehyde,
Ozone, Photochemical reactions, Gas analysis, Air
pollution, "Methanols.
PB86-179744/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Outdoor Smog Chamber Experiments: Reactivity
of Methanol Exhaust. Part 2. Quality Assurance
and Data Processing System Description,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
H. E. Jeffries, K. G. Sexton, R. M. Kamens, and M. S.
Holleman. Sep 85, 211 p EPA/460/3-85/009B
Contract EPA-68-03-3162
See also PB86-179736. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Emission Control
Technology Div.
The report describes the Quality Assurance and Data
Processing procedures and systems used at the UNC
Outdoor Smog Chamber Facility. The primary product
of research conducted at this facility is information in
the form of measurements of reactants and products
in photochemical systems and measurements of the
critical parameters that influence the chemical trans-
formations system. Generating useful data begins with
understanding the goals of the project and the special
needs and concerns of conducting a successful smog
chamber operation. The system components are de-
signed to collect, transfer, process, and report accu-
rate, high resolution data without loss or distortion. The
system components in the Quality Assurance and
Data Processing system are: people, hardware, soft-
ware, checklists, and data bases. Quality assurance
checks are made at every level of the program. Pres-
surized gas tank and liquid mixtures were used to es-
tablish experimental conditions of HC assuring con-
sistency throughout the program. Several NBS trace-
able standards and liquid injections into the chamber
used for calibration have been intercompared and
show good agreement.
Keywords: "Methyl alcohol, "Smog, "Test chambers,
"Exhaust emissions, Air pollution, Gas analysis, Photo-
chemical reactions, Methanols, "Automobile exhaust,
PB86-179819/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dermal Absorption of (l4)C-Labeled 4,4'-Methy-
lenedlaniiine (4,4'-MDA) in Rats, Guinea Pigs, and
Monkeys. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
M. El-Hawari, M. Stoltz, D. Czarnecki, and P. Aim. 15
Jan 86,146p EPA/560/5-86/011
Contract EPA-68-02-3938
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Pesticide Programs.
To help determine workplace exposure to 4,4'-MDA,
studies were performed in male rats, guinea pigs and
monkeys treated topically with a low (2 mg/kg) or high
(20 mg/kg) dose of 14C-4,4'-MDA. Conditions of treat-
ment (dosage, dose regimens, and occlusion) were as-
sessed. The disposition of 4,4'-MDA was also exam-
ined after i.v. dosing. In rats, 43 and 10% of the low
dose was recovered in urine and feces during a 96 h
period; 2% remained in tissues and skin washing re-
moved 25% of dose. The remainder (26%) was recov-
ered by skin extraction and solubilization. The percent
of dose absorbed decreased by increasing the dose,
but the total amount absorbed (approx. 0.25 mg/rat)
was similar after both doses. In g. pigs, 10 and 18% of
the low dose was excreted in urine and feces; 1 % was
recovered In tissue, 41 % in the skin wash and 29%
from the application area. The percent of dose ab-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sorbed decreased following the high dose, but the
amounts absorbed (in mg/animal) doubled.
Keywords: 'Absorption(Biology), "Skin(Anatomy),
Rats, Guinea pigs, Monkeys, Laboratory animals,
Measurement, Therapy, Dosage, "Methylenedianiline,
"Dermal absorption.
PB86-179827/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC,
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Chronic Neurological Sequelae of Acute Organo-
phosphate Pesticide Poisoning: An Epidemiologic
Study. Final rept. 1976-78,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins.
E. P. Savage, T. J. Keefe, L. M. Mounce, J. A. Lewis,
and R. K. Heaton. Apr 82, 83p EPA/540/9-86/125
Contract EPA-68-01-4663
Prepared in cooperation with Colorado Univ. Medical
Center, Denver, and Texas Tech Univ. Health Sci-
ences Center, San Benito. Epidemiologic Studies Pro-
gram. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Pesticide Pro-
grams.
One hundred individuals who had experienced organo-
phosphate pesticide poisonings were matched with
100 individuals who had never been poisoned but were
similar in age, sex, race, ethnic background, education
and occupational class but not occupation. None of
the control subjects had any occupational exposure to
pesticides while 96% of the poisoned individuals
worked with pesticides professionally. Both groups un-
derwent extensive testing for neurological and psycho-
logical function. No statistically significant differences
in neurological function were detected between the
ppisoned group and controls Statistically significant
differences were found in certain psychological tests.
Both groups tested above average in intelligence, but
the control group scored 5 points higher on the aver-
age on adult IQ tests. For the most part, the control
group scored higher in areas related to academic
skills. In self-assessments of psychological function,
the control group scored higher in the same areas.
Keywords: * Pesticides, "Toxic diseases, Psychologi-
cal effects, Epidemiology, Phosphorus organic com-
pounds, Poisons, Humans, "Neurotoxicity.
PB86-179835/HSU	PC A06
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Alachlor as the Active Ingre-
dient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Nov 84, 110p EPA/540/RS-86/126
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, 'Reregistra-
tion, 'Toxic substances, Federal Insecticide and Ro-
denticide Act, "Alachlor, CAS 15972-60-8.
PB86-180148/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Asbestos in Buildings: Simplfied Sampling
Scheme for Friable Surfacing Materials,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Washington, DC.
J. Chesson, B. P. Price, and T. Berner. Oct 85,24p
EPA/560/5-85/030A
Contract EPA-68-02-4243
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Pesticides and Toxic Sub-
stances.
The simplified document provides EPA guidance for
sampling friable sprayed-on or trowelled-on materials
on ceilings, walls, and other surfaces for asbestos. The
document furnishes advice for (1) identifying a sam-
pling area, (2) applying a sampling scheme to the area.
(3) determining the number to collect, (4) deciding
582 Vol. 90, No. 24
upon sampling locations within the area, (5) formulat-
ing a quality assurance program for sampling and anal-
ysis, (6) collecting the samples, (7) submitting the sam-
ples for analysis, and (8) interpreting the laboratory re-
sults.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, Buildings, Friability, Surface fin-
ishing.
PB86-181112/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Computer Assisted Preliminary Design for Drink-
ing Water Treatment Process Systems. Final rept.
Oct 82-Aug 85,
University of Central Florida, Orlando. Dept. of Civil En-
gineering and Environmental Sciences.
R. Smith. Jan 86, 279p EPA/600/2-86/007A, EPA/
SW/DK-86/017A
For system on diskette, see PB86-181120. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
The purpose of the study was to develop an interactive
computer program to aid the design engineer in evalu-
ating the performance and cost for any proposed
drinking water treatment system consisting of individ-
ual unit processes. The 25 unit process models cur-
rently in the program include both conventional and
advanced contaminant removal processes and vari-
ous sludge handling techniques. Technology used in
sizing processes, estimating performance, and esti-
mating treatment cost is the best currently available for
preliminary design. To use the program, the designer
unit must prepare a flow diagram, input the raw water
quality, and provide cost and design decision param-
eters.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, Activated carbon, Com-
puter programs, Basic, Cost estimates, Design, Re-
moval, Sludge, Water quality, Chemical engineering,
Sludge drying, Centrifuging, Flocculating, Ion exchang-
ing, Dewatering, Chlorination, Drinking water, WATER
MAID computer program, Land application.
PB86-181120/HSU	CP T99
Program for Calculating the Performance and
Cost of Drinking Water Treatment Systems (for
Microcomputers). Model,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. G. Eilers, and R. Smith. Aug 85, 2 diskettes EPA/
600/2-86/007B, EPA/SW/DK-86/017
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskette,
double sided, double density, compatible with the
IBM/PC microcomputer. Diskettes are in the ASCII
format. Call NTIS Computer Products for price. Price
includes documentation, PB86-181112.
The computer program is written in BASIC for use on
the IBM PC 128K microcomputer. The program soft-
ware consists of two standard 5.25 inch diskettes
(double sides, double density, 40 track, soft sectored).
The model is interactive, requiring the user to supply
input data in response to screen prompts. There are
25 unit process models in the program, which estimate
the expected performance and associated costs for
drinking water treatment systems based on raw water
quality and design decision parameters supplied by the
user. By varying the input data, it is possible to perform
sensitivity analysis on a proposed design or compare
the performance and cost of alternative designs.
Keywords: 'Models-Simulation, "Water treatment,
Computer programs, Basic, Cost analysis, Water qual-
ity, Design, Cost estimates, Magnetic disks, Drinking
water, WATER MAID computer program, IBM PC 128K
microcomputers.
PB86-181161/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse: Bibliogra-
phy of Health Effects and Risk Assessment Infor-
mation. Interim rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A. S. Pelland, B. K. Post, and R. C. Mead. 23 Jul 84,
74p RAD-84-240-016-52-05
Contract EPA-60-02-3513
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The document provides state and local air agencies
and other Clearinghouse users with citations to select-
ed publications pertaining to health effects and risk as-
sessment of toxic pollutants. These documents were
published by the following four agencies: National
Academy of Sciences, the World Health Organization,
the National Cancer Institute of Occupational Safety
and Health of the Centers for Disease Control. In se-
lecting references for inclusion in the bibliography, em-
phasis was placed on documents published since
1974 which reported health effects of toxic or poten-
tially toxic pollutants that can be emitted into the air
and assessments of risks of these pollutants. Most
documents focus on one or more toxic or potentially
toxic chemicals, and a few focus on exposure to toxic
substances in a particular industry. While ambient air
exposure was the focus, references on occupational
exposure and exposure via drinking water were also in-
cluded. Summaries and compilations emphasizing
analyses of information on pollutants rather than re-
sults of individual toxicity or health effects tests were
included to keep the bibliography a manageable size.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Documents, Documenta-
tion, Bibliographies, Exposure, "Toxic substances,
"National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse, 'Air
pollution effects(Humans), Health risks, State pro-
grams.
PB86-181179/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse: Rationale
for Air Toxics Control In Seven State and Local
Agencies. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A. S. Pelland, and P. A. Cruse. 18 Dec 85,104p RAD-
85-203-024-34-05
Contract EPA-68-02-3889
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The report describes the approach used by four State
and three local agencies for determining acceptable
ambient concentrations and, if applicable, emission
limits for noncriteria air pollutants. The agencies in-
cluded are located in: Chattanooga/Hamilton County
(Tennessee), Connecticut, Maine, Mississippi,
Nevada, Philadelphia (Pennsylvania), and Sacramento
County (California).
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Hazardous materi-
als, State government, Public health, Industrial wastes,
"Toxic substances.
PB86-181310/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
TUPOS: A Multiple Source Gaussian Dispersion
Algorithm Using On-Slte Turbulence Data. Final
rept.,
Aerocomp, Inc., Costa Mesa, CA.
D. B. Turner, T. Chico, and J. A. Catalano. Apr 86, 170d
EPA/600/8-06/010
Contract EPA-68-02-3750
See also PB86-181328. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Sciences Research Lab.
TUPOS and its postprocessor, TUPOS-P, form a
Gaussian model which resembles MPTER but offers
several technical improvements. TUPOS estimates
dispersion directly from fluctuation statistics at plume
level and calculates plume rise and partial penetration
of the plume into stable layers using vertical profiles of
wind and temperature. The model user is thus required
to furnish meteorological information for several
heights above-ground in a separate input file. TUPOS
can be used for short-term (hours to days) impact as-
sessment of inert pollutants from single or multiple
sources and can be expected to have greatest accura-
cy for locations within 10 km of the source. Although
TUPOIS will make computations for receptors having
any ground-level elevation, it is not intended as a com-
plex terrain model, but rather as a model for calcula-
tions over flat or gently rolling terrain. TUPOS will oo-
tionally treat buoyancy-induced dispersion but does
not include building downwash, deposition, or fumtaa
tion.	^
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Mathematical models, 'At-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Concentration(Composition), Terrain, Computer pro-
grams, 'Air quality, Gaussian plume models.
PB86-181328/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
TUPOS-P: A Program for Analyzing Hourly and
Partial Concentration Files Produced by TUPOS.
Final rept.,
Aerocomp, Inc., Costa Mesa, CA.
D. B. Turner, T. Chico, and J. A. Catalano. Apr 86,107p
EPA/600/8-86/012
Contract EPA-68-02-3750
See also PB86-181310. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Sciences Research Lab.
TUPOS-P is a postprocessor program for analyzing
concentration files produced by the air quality disper-
sion model TUPOS (Turner et al., 1985). The program
reads either hourly concentration or hourly partial con-
centration files and provides the following output:
Hourly concentration summaries, Averaging period
concentration summaries, and High-five concentration
tables for five averaging times (1-hr, 3-hrs, 8-hrs, 24-
hrs, and an averaging time selected by the user). If the
concentration file being read consists of partial contri-
butions, the user may request hourly contribution sum-
maries and averaging period contribution summaries
for up to 25 significant sources. Much of the printed
output is optionally available so that unneeded output
volume is avoided.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, 'At-
mospheric diffusion, Guidelines, Algorithms,
Concentration(Composition), Terrain, Computer pro-
grams, 'Air quality, Gaussian plume models.
PB86-181674/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistratlon of Pesticide
Products Containing Captan as the Active ingredi-
ent.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Mar 86,191 p EPA/540/RS-86/128
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, 'Reregistra-
tion, "Toxic substances, Federal Insecticide and Ro-
denticide Act, Captan, CAS 133-06-02.
PB86-181690/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse: Ongoing
Research and Regulatory Development Projects.
Interim rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. C. Mead, C. E. Benton, and A. S. Pelland. Mar 85,
87p RAD-05-203-024-16-06
Contract EPA-68-02-3889
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The document is divided into four parts and an appen-
dix. The first part lists 240 air toxics projects currently
in progress at EPA and NIOSH. A brief description of
each project and a contact name and office are given.
The second part of the document contains indices al-
lowing readers to locate projects of interest. Indices
are ordered by project type, chemical name, CAS
number, and air pollution source type. The third part is
a listing of synonyms for chemical names and associ-
ated CAS numbers. The fourth part lists other pub-
lished sources of information on current Federal gov-
ernment toxics research. The appendix lists regulatory
development projects on toxic chemicals underway at
EPA's Office of Drinking Water (ODW). While most of
these projects are not directly related to air problems,
health information on toxic chemicals from ODW
projects may be of interest to Clearinghouse users.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Information sys-
tems, State government, "National air toxics informa-
tion clearinghouse, 'Toxic substances.
PB86-181740/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Durability Evaluation of Aftermarket Catalysts.
Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology and Applications Branch.
R. I. Bruetsch, and J. Shelton. Mar 86,12p EPA/AA/
CTAB-86/01
Recently, aftermarket catalysts have been introduced
into commerce by several companies. These catalysts
appear to be different than original equipment manu-
facturer (OEM) catalysts in one or more design fea-
tures. These catalysts are also considerably less ex-
pensive than replacement OEM catalysts. The pur-
pose of the report was to evaluate the efficiency of a
group of aftermarket catalysts as a function of accu-
mulated miles and to evaluate a single OEM catalyst at
a single mileage point (83,161 miles) for comparison.
Nine aftermarket catalysts were evaluated on one ve-
hicle, which was provided by EPA. Catalyst evaluation
was performed at Automotive Testing Laboratories,
Inc. (ATL) in East Liberty, Ohio. Mileage was accumu-
lated using other vehicles (five Impalas) by Hercules,
Inc. of Cumberland, MD. The catalysts were evaluated
for exhaust emissions conversion efficiencies and
backpressure at each test point.
Keywords: 'Catalysts, 'Air quality, 'Catalytic convert-
ers, Motor vehicles, Tests.
PB86-182094/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistratlon of Pesticide
Products Containing Chloropicrin (081501) as the
Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 82,77p
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, "Reregistra-
tion, "Toxic substances, Federal Insecticide and Ro-
denticide Act, 'Chloropicrin, CAS 76-06-2.
PB86-182243/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Guides and Manuals for Pesticide Applicator
Training: January 1979-August 1985. Citations
from AGRICOLA (Agricultural OnLine Access).
Bibliographies and literature of agriculture (Final),
National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.
C. N. Bebee. Mar 86,218p' USDA/BLA-47
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Pesticide Pro-
grams.
The citations in the bibliography are selected from
works by U.S. authors on all aspects of pesticide appli-
cator training manuals and guides. All citations are de-
rived from AGRICOLA (AGRICultural OnLine Access),
the family of databases compiled by the National Agri-
cultural Library for its 1.8 million-volume collection.
Keywords: 'Pest control, 'Pesticides, 'Bibliographies,
Manuals, Instructional materials, Education, Seeds,
Farm crops, Standards, Insect control, Plant diseases,
Horticulture, Grasses, Fruit crops, Industries, Residen-
tial buildings, Regulations, Spraying, Grain crops, Agri-
cultural equipment, "Pesticide applicators.
PB86-182326/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Protection of Peanuts: January 1979-July 1985. Ci-
tations from AGRICOLA (Agricultural OnLine
Access) Concerning Diseases and Other Environ-
mental Considerations. Bibliographies and literature
of agriculture (Final),
National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.
C. N. Bebee. Mar 86,117p" USDA/BLA-45
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Pesticide Pro-
grams.
The citations in the bibliography are selected from
works of U.S. authors on all aspects of the protection
of peanuts from diseases, insects, nematodes, chemi-
cals, or other environmental conditions which affect
the yield and quality of this commodity. All citations are
derived from AGRICOLA (AGRICultural Online
Access), the master bibliographic database compiled
by the National Agricultural Library for its 1.8 million
volume collection.
Keywords: "Plant diseases, "Pest control, "Peanuts,
'Bibliographies, Protection, Insect control, Nematoda,
Environmental impacts, Fungi, Viruses, Plant physiolo-
gy, Entomology, Toxicology, Soil chemistry.
PB86-182334/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Great Lakes Toxic Hotspots: A Citizen's Action
Guide. Rept. for t Dec 85- f Mar 86,
Lake Michigan Federation, Chicago, IL.
D. Fogarty. 1 Mar 86,55p*
Grant EPA-R-005802
Errata sheet inserted. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great Lakes National
Program Office.
The major product of this grant, a handbook entitled
Great Lakes Toxic Hotspots: A Citizen's Action Guide
was published in November, 1985. Since then, several
workshops have been held to introduce this handbook
to citizen's groups in Green Bay, Gary, Hammond,
East Chicago, and Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo, and Chi-
cago. Other workshops are being planned for this year
including some in cooperation with the League of
Women Voters. The authors have also been very in-
volved in attending and commenting at regulatory
hearings related to the clean up of the Grand Calumet
River. During the last two months, attention has been
focused on public hearings regarding the Corps of En-
gineers proposed Confined Disposal Facility at Indiana
Harbor. Since David Fogarty moved to California in De-
cember, LMF Exec. Director, John Laue has devoted
1-2 days per week to the project. The authors have
provided staff and technical assistance to the Grand
Cal Task Force, and have helped them to set up their
River Watch Program.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, "Great Lakes, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Hazardous materials, Sediments, Contaminants,
Cnemical removal(Water treatment), Community rela-
tions, Handbooks.
PB86-182409/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Environmental Assessment of NH3 Infection for
an Industrial Package Boiler. Volume 2. Data Sup-
plement. Final rept. Jan 83-Jan 84,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
C. Castaldini, R. DeRosier, and L. R. Waterland. Feb
86,253p ACUREX/TR-83-139/EE-VOL-2, EPA/600/
7-86/005B
Contract EPA-68-02-3188
See also PB86-159852. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report discusses emission results from compre-
hensive flue gas sampling of a gas- and oil-fired indus-
trial boiler equipped with Exxon's Thermal DeNOx Am-
monia Injection Process for NOx reduction. Compre-
hensive emission measurements included continuous
monitoring of flue gas emissions; source assessment
sampling system (SASS) tests; EPA Method 5/17 for
solid and condensible particulate emissions and am-
monia emissions; controlled condensation system for
S02 and S03; and N20 emission sampling. Ammonia
injection at a NH3/NO molar ratio of 2.52 gave a NOx
reduction of 41% from an uncontrolled level of 234
ppm to a controlled level of 137 ppm. NH3 emissions
increased Irom 11 ppm for the baseline to an average
of 430 ppm for ammonia injection. Nitrous oxide, N20,
was reduced 68% from a 50 ppm baseline level to a 17
ppm controlled level. Total particulate emissions in-
creased by an order of magnitude from a baseline of
17.7 ng/J to a controlled level of 182 ng/J.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Nitrogen oxides,
•Boilers, Assessments, Industrial wastes, Combustion
products, Flue gases, Sampling, Chemical analysis,
Trace elements, Concentration(Composition), "Pack-
age boilers, "Ammonia injection process.
PB86-182417/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Comparison of Seven Methods for Concentrating
Organic Chemicals from Environmental Water
Samples,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
F. C. Kopfler, H. P. Ringhand, and R G. Miller. Apr 86,
26p EPA/600/D-86/075
Because there are no quantitative analytical tech-
niques for the complex organic matter that occurs in
chlorinated water, it is not possible to directly deter-
mine the efficiency of techniques for isolating them.
Seven methods capable of isolating gram quantities of
organic matter from water samples were evaluated by
determining the ability of each to recover a set of
model compounds possessing a wide variation in po-
larity, functional groups, water solubility and molecular
weight. No single method appeared to be superior
overall, based on the recovery of the model solutes,
but some could be eliminated from field application for
the present time since the adsorbents required were
not commercially available. Field application of two
methods were undertaken and the samples collected
are being tested in several bioassays.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Chlorination, "Iso-
lators, "Potable water, "Water treatment, Adsorption,
Concentration(Composition), Removal, Vacuum distil-
lation, Colloidizing, Risk, Solutes, Field tests, Compari-
son, In vivo analysis, In vitro analysis, Toxicology, Bio-
assay, Phenols, Aromatic compounds, Phthalates,
"Reverseosmosis, "Ultrafiltration, Biphenyls.
PB86-182425/HSU	PC A24/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Toxic Substance Removal in Activated Sludge
and PAC (Powdered Activated Carbon) Treatment
Systems. Final rept. 1 Sep 80-28 Feb 83,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
W. J. Weber, and B. E. Jones. Apr 86,561 p EPA/600/
2-86/045
Grant EPA-R-806030
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The effectiveness of adding powdered activated
carbon to activated sludge systems was evaluated for
enhanced removal of specific toxic organic com-
pounds. Nine organic compounds encompassing a
range of solubility, volatility, biodegradability, and ad-
sorptive properties were studied along with selected
commercial powdered activated carbons. The studies
showed that the addition of less than 100 mg/l pow-
dered activated carbon did not enhance the removal of
the biodegradable compounds benzene, toluene, eth
ylbenzene, o-xylene, chlorobenzene, and nitroben
zene. Significantly improved removals of the poorly de
gradable and non-biodegradable compounds 1,2-dich
loro-benzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, and lindane, oc
curred at influent powdered carbon concentrations in
the 12.5- to 25-mg/l range. Influent powdered carbon
concentrations of 100 mg/l effected overall removals
of greater than 90%.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Activated sludge
process, "Activated carbon, "Hazardous wastes, Re-
moval, Toxicity, Biodeterioration, Adsorption,
Concentration(Composition), Benzene, Chloroben-
zenes, Xylenes, Vaporizing, Effectiveness,
Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data), Toulene.
PB86-183001/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Reclamation of Alkaline Ash Piles,
Central Research and Design Inst, for Open-Pit
Mininq, Wroclaw (Poland).
W Wysocki. Apr 86,353pEPA/600/2-86/049
See also PB80-102916. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste
Engineering Research Lab.
The objective of the study was to develop methods for
reclaiming ash disposal piles for the ultimate use as
aaricultural or forest lands. The ashes studied were
strongly alkaline and contained considerable amounts
of salts and toxic boron. The ashes were produced
from burning bituminous coal which produced alumi-
num-silicon ashes and from lignite which produced cal-
cium-sulphate ashes. The report is the second de-
scribing this project. The first report contained a review
of literature and described the ash analysis: the green-
house pot studies; the preparation of the ash disposal
piles; and the early grass, legume, and tree field stud-
ies. It was published as EPA report 600/7-79-128,
'Reclamation of Alkaline Ash Piles and Protection of
Their Environment Against Dusting', by Wladyslaw Wy-
socki, July 1979. The second report describes the re-
mainder of the field studies.
Keywords: "Waste reclamation, "Fly ash, "Air pollution
control, "Solid waste disposal, Electric power plants,
Combustion products.
PB86-183035/HSU	PC A25/MF A01
National Science Foundation, Washington, DC.
International Conference on New Frontiers for
Hazardous Waste Management. Proceedings of a
Conference Held at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on
September 15-18, 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Sep 85, 586p EPA/600/9-85/025
Sponsored by National Science Foundation, Washing-
ton, DC., NUS Corp., Pittsburgh, PA., and American
Academy of Environmental Engineers, Annapolis, MD.
Proceedings of the International Conference on New
Frontiers for Hazardous Waste Management held in
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, September 15-18, 1985.
Papers presented by Symposium speakers were in the
areas of: (1) Geologic hazards and the siting of hazard-
ous waste facilities; (2) Quantification of health haz-
ards and definition of risks; (3) Land disposal; (4) Inter-
national approaches to and issues regarding hazard-
ous waste management; (5) New technologies; (6)
International technological advances; (7) Extractive in-
dustries; (8) Thermal destruction; (9) Waste stabiliza-
tion; (10) Nuclear waste; (11) Chemical and biological
treatment processes; and (12) State/federal/institu-
tional approaches to hazardous waste management.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste
management, Waste disposal, Waste treatment, For-
eign countries, Sites, Risk, Land pollution.
PB86-183076/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Field Evaluation of Hazardous Waste Pretreat-
ment as an Air Pollution Control Technique. Rept.
for Apr 84-May 85,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
C. C. Allen, S. Simpson, and G. Brant. Apr 86,216p
EPA/600/2-86/048
Contract EPA-68-02-3992
Prepared in cooperation with Associated Technol-
ogies, Inc., Charlotte, NC. Sponsored by Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous
Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Three commonly practiced commercial treatment
processes were investigated for the removal of volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) from hazardous waste:
thin-film evaporation, steam stripping and fractional
distillation. The data collected included limitations of
the treatment technology, the VOC removal effective-
ness, the characteristics of residuals and cost informa-
tion. Three thin-film evaporators were evaluated, each
treating different types of wastes. There was a large
variation in the amount of highly volatile compounds
removed by the technique, depending upon the boiling
temperature of the waste stream. Four waste streams
were treated in a batch steam stripper. Over 90% VOC
removal was obtained in all four cases. Two aqueous/
organic waste streams were treated using fractional
distillation and over 90% VOC removal was obtained
in both cases.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Air pollution con-
trol, Industrial wastes, Volatility, Organic compounds,
Waste treatment, Cost analysis, Evaporation, Distilla-
tion, Residues.
PB86-183084/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Inactivation of Enteric Pathogens during Aerobic
Digestion of Wastewater Sludge. Final rept. Jul 79-
Mar 82,
Florida Univ., Gainesville.
S. R. Farrah, G. Bitton, and S. G. Zam. Apr 86,79p
EPA/600/2-86/047
Grant EPA-R-806290
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency. Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The effects of aerobic and anaerobic digestion on en-
teric viruses, enteric bacteria, total aerobic bacteria,
and intestinal parasites were studied under laboratory
and field conditions. Under laboratory conditions, the
temperature of the sludge digestion was the major
factor influencing survival of bacteria and viruses.
Their survival was substantially greater at 7 C than at
28 C. Lowering the temperature or dissolved oxygen
level reduced the percentage of solids-associated or-
ganisms for bacteria but not for viruses. Bacteria were
inactivated at different rates during aerobic sludge di-
§estion. Streptococcus faecalis was more stable than
almonella typhimurium or Escherichia coli. Varying
detention time or source of sludge did not affect the
rate of inactivation of viruses or bacteria. Aeration of
stock Ascaris suum in sludge reduced percent em-
bryonation and infectivity in rats when compared to
aeration in 0.1 N H2S04.
Keywords: "Aerobic processes, 'Sludge digestion,
Survival, Aerobic processes, Waste water, Pathogens.
PB86-183092/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of a Fluldized-Bed Sewage Sludge In-
cinerator Using Wood Chips for Fuel,
Systech Corp., Xenia, OH.
N. J. Kleinhenz, and G. Smith. Apr 86, 100p EPA/600/
2-86/044
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
An environmental and technical evaluation was con-
ducted on the Western Lake Superior Sanitary District
waste treatment plant, which uses wood chips to incin-
erate sewage sludge in fluidized-bed combustors. The
most important environmental factors for evaluation
were determined to be the metal contents of the par-
ticulate stack emissions and of various influent and ef-
fluent streams to the combustor scrubber system. The
technical evaluation used data collected over the life
of the facility to develop a mathematical model of the
incineration and energy recovery system. The model
was coded in the form of a computer program and can
rapidly evaluate a wide variety of possible situations in
which such an energy recovery approach might be
taken. Thus, the technical evaluation is presented in a
widely usable and understandable form.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Incinerators, Dewater-
ing, Solid waste disposal, Wood, 'Sewage sludge,
'Energy conservation.
PB86-183100/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Trickling Filter/Solids Contact Process: Full-Scale
Studies. Final rept.,
Brown and Caldwell, Pleasant Hill, CA.
R. N. Matasci, A. H. Benedict, D. S. Parker, andC.
Kaempfer. Apr 86,171 p EPA/600/2-86/046
Contract EPA-68-03-1818
Prepared in cooperation with Lee (Robert E.) and As-
sociates, Inc., Green Bay, Wl. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engi-
neering Research Lab.
Use of the trickling filter/solids contact process has in-
creased significantly since its successful demonstra-
tion at the Corvallis, Oregon Plant in 1979. The pur-
pose of the study was to document the design features
and performance of existing trickling filter/solids con-
tact facilities and to gain more knowledge about the
design and operation of the process. The studies in-
cluded a total of 29 weeks of field investigations at four
plants and an analysis of operating records at these
and other plants. Special studies addressed several
issues. The primary objectives included (1) defining the
trickling filter/solids contact process; (2) assessing the
effect of cosettling in the primary sedimentation tanks
on primary treatment performance; (3) assessing the
effect of trickling filter loading, contact tank operating
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
parameters, secondary clarifier overflow rate, and co-
agulant addition on trickling filter/solids contact per-
formance; and (4) assessing flocculation and soluble
BOO removal in the aerated solids contact tank.
Keywords: 'Trickling filters, 'Sewage treatment,
Solids, Operations, Performance evaluation, Settling,
Sedimentation, Tanks(Containers), Overflows, As-
sessments, Flocculation, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Clarification, Aeration, Correlation,
Tables(Data), Solids contact process.
PB86-183274/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Biological Phosphorus Removal. Technical paper,
Environmental Protection Agency. Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
J. F. Kreissl, and A. E. Eralp. Apr 86, 19p EPA/600/D-
86/071
Three proprietary biological phosphorus removal proc-
esses are reviewed. The paper presents the descrip-
tion and development status of these technologies.
The paper is a summary of the emerging technology
assessment report published by U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency in 1984. The processes reviewed
are: The Phostrlp process marketed by Biospherics,
Inc.; Anaerobic/Oxic process marketed by Air Prod-
ucts and Chemicals, Inc.; and Bardenpho process
marketed by Envirotech Corporation.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus, 'Water pollution control,
'Lakes, 'Streams, Waste water, Sewage disposal, Nu-
trients, Algae, Growth, Taste, Odors, Water supply,
Alums, Calcium oxides, Precipitation(Chemistry), Iron
chlorides, Nitrobacter, Anaerobic processes, Nitrifica-
tion, Sewage treatment plants.
PB66-183290/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Environmental Assessment of an Enhanced Oil
Recovery Steam Generator Equipped with a Low-
NOx Burner. Volume 2. Data Supplement. Final
rept. Jan 84-Jan 85,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
C. Castaldini, L. R. Waterland, and M. I. Lips. Feb 86,
157p ACUREX/TR-84-161 /EE, EPA/600/7-86/003B
Contract EPA-68-02-3188
See also PB86-159837. Portions of this document are
not fully legible. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report is a compendium of detailed test sampling
and analysts data obtained in field tests of an en-
hanced oil recovery steam generator (EOR steamer)
equipped with a MHI PM low-NOx crude oil burner.
Test data included in the report include equipment cali-
bration records, steamer operating data, and complete
flue gas emission results. Flue gas emission measure-
ments included continuous monitoring for criteria pol-
lutants; onsite gas chromatography (GC) for volatile
hydrocarbons (CI-C6); Methods 5/8 sampling for par-
ticulate and S02 and S03 emissions; source assess-
ment sampling system (SASS) for total organics in two
boiling point ranges (100 to 300 C and G 300 C), or-
ganic compound category information using infrared
spectrometry (IR), and specific quantitation of the se-
mivolatile organic priority pollutants using gas chroma-
tography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS); Andersen Im-
pactor train measurements of emitted particle size dis-
tribution; and N20 emissions by gas chromatography/
electron capture detector (GC/ECD).
Keywords: 'Boilers, 'Oil recovery, 'Air pollution con-
trol, Burners, Nitrogen oxides, Combustion products,
Crude oil. Sampling, 'Enhanced recovery, Stationary
sources.
PB86-183308/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Environmental Assessment of a Watertube Boiler
Firing a Coal-Water Slurry. Volume 2. Data Supple-
ment Final rept. Jan 84-Mar 85,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
r DeRosier, and L. R. Waterland. Feb 86,195p EPA/
600/7-86/004B
Contract EPA-68-02-3188
See also PB86-159845.Portions of this document are
not fuily legible. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report is a compendium of detailed test sampling
and analysis data obtained in field tests of a watertube
industrial boiler burning a coal/water slurry (CWS).
Test data included in the report include preliminary
stack test data, boiler operating data, and complete
flue gas emission results. Flue gas emission measure-
ments included continuous monitoring for criteria pol-
lutants; onsite gas chromatography (GC) for volatile
hydrocarbons (CI-C6); Methods 5/8 sampling for par-
ticulate, S02, and S03 emissions; source assessment
sampling system (SASS) for total organics in two boil-
ing point ranges (100 to 300 C and > 300 C), organic
compound category information using infrared spec-
trometry (IR), liquid column (LC) chromatography sep-
aration, and low resolution mass spectrometry
(LRMS), specific quantitation of the semivolatile organ-
ic priority pollutants using gas chromatography/mass
spectrometry (GC/MS), and trace element emissions
using spark source mass spectrometry (SSMS) and
atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS); N20 emis-
sions by gas chromatography electron capture detec-
tor (GC/ECD); and biological assay testing of SASS
and ash stream samples.
Keywords: 'Water tube boilers, 'Air pollution control,
Slurries, Sampling, Boilers, Industrial wastes, 'Coal
water slurries, Stationary sources.
PB88-183456/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse: Bibliogra-
phy of Selected EPA (Environmental Protection
Agency) Reports and 'Federal Register' Notices.
Interim rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
B. K. Post, C. E. Benton, and A. S. Pelland. Jan 85,
115p* RAD-84-203-024-16-03
Contract EPA-68-02-3889
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
In response to state and local agency requests for as-
sistance in information exchange, EPA has designed
and is implementing an information dissemination
center, known as the Air Toxics , Information Clearing-
house. The bibliography provides state and local agen-
cies with citations to EPA publications useful to them in
developing and operating air toxics control programs.
It contains citations to such document types as health
assessments and exposure assessments that have a
clear, direct bearing on air toxics work. In addition, it
contains references to background information docu-
ments for new source performance standards (NSPS)
that discuss criteria pollutants. These document refer-
ences are included because the sources described in
the background information documents often also emit
noncritena pollutants and information relevant to non-
criteria, potentially toxic pollutants is found in many
background documents. Compilation of citations pre-
sents here was complete as of December 1984.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, 'Air pollution, Hazardous
materials, Performance standards, Subject indexes,
Abstracts, 'Environmental Protection Agency, 'Feder-
al register, Toxic substances.
PB86-183480/HSU	PC A22/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Acid Deposition: Long-Term Trend*. Final rept.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
Mar 86,518p ISBN-0-309-03647-X
Grants EPA-R-811626, DI-14-08-0001-G-954
Library of Congress catalog card no. 86-70311. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, DC., and Geological Survey, Reston, VA.
The report examines available data on long-term , his-
torical trends and spatial patterns in acid deposition
with particular attention to sulfate acidity. Variations in
emissions, climatology, atmospheric sulfates, visibility,
precipitation chemistry, stream and lake chemistry,
fish populations, lake sediment chemistry, and tree
ring widths are considered. Statistical analysis are pre-
sented to examine potential cause-effect relation-
ships.
Keywords: 'Acid rain, Climate, Trends, History, Sul-
fates, United States, Emissions, Visibility, Precipitation,
Lakes, Streams, Fishes, Sediments, "Air pollution.
PB86-183779/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Environmental Assessment of a Reciprocating
Engine Retrofitted with Selective Catalytic Reduc-
tion. Volume 1. Technical Results. Final rept. Mar-
Dec 84,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
C. Castaldini, and L. R. Waterland. Apr 86, 71 p EPA/
600/7-86/014A
Contract EPA-68-02-3188
See also PB86-183787, and PB84-224351. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research
Lab.
The report gives results of comprehensive emission
measurements and 15-day continuous emission moni-
toring for a 1,500 kW (2000 hp) gas-fired, four-stroke
turbocharged reciprocating engine equipped with an
ammonia-based selective catalytic reduction system
for NOx control.
Keywords: 'Gas engines, Reciprocating engines,
Emission, Catalytic converters, Ammonia.
PB86-183787/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Environmental Assessment of a Reciprocating
Engine Retrofitted with Selective Catalytic Reduc-
tion. Volume 2. Data Supplement. Final rept. Mar-
Dec 84,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
C. Castaldini, and L. R. Waterland. Apr 86,72p EPA/
600/7-86/014B
Contract EPA-68-02-3188
See also PB86-183779, and PB84-224369.Portions of
this document are not fully legible. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report gives results of comprehensive emission
measurements and 15-day continuous emission moni-
toring for a 1,500 kW (2000 hp) gas-fired, four-stroke
turbocharged reciprocating engine equipped with an
ammonia-based selective catalytic reduction system
for NOx control.
Keywords: 'Gas engines, Reciprocating engines,
Emission, Catalytic converters, Ammonia.
PB86-18379S/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Environmental Assessment of a Coal/Water
Slurry Fired Industrial Boiler. Volume 1. Technical
Results. Final rept. Jul 83-Apr 85,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
D. Van Buren, and L. R. Waterland. Apr 86,87p EPA/
600/7-86/012A
Contract EPA-68-02-3188
See also Volume 2, PB86-183803. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report gives results of comprehensive emission
measurements and analyses for a 7.6 kg/s (60,000 lb/
hr) watertube industrial boiler firing a coal/water slurry.
Measurements included continuous monitoring of flue
gas; quantitation of semivolatile organics and 73 trace
elements; volatile organic sampling train (VOST) quan-
titation of volatile organic priority pollutants; EPA
Method 5/8 for particulate and SOx; controlled con-
densation for SOx; Andersen impactors for particle
size distribution; and grab samples for N sub 2 O.
Emissions of NOx, SO sub 2, CO, and hydrocarbons
averaged 510, 450, 285, and 1 ppm, corrected to 3%
oxygen. Particulate emissions were 4.3 g/dscm, and
particle size was biased to larger size fractions with
over half of particulate mass at 10 micrometers or
greater. Combustible losses were high with over 40%
carbon content in particulate. Total organic emissions
were 15 to 17 mg/dscm with half in the C1 to C6
range. Napthalene was the only semivolatile detected.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Pollution, 'Water
tube boilers, 'Slurries, Assessments, Coal, Water,
Combustion, Data, Pollution control, Fuel slurries.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-183803/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab,
Environmental Assessment of a Coal/Water
Slurry Fired Industrial Boiler. Volume 2. Data Sup-
plement. Final rept. Jul 83-Apr 85,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
D. Van Buren, and L. R. Waterland. Apr 86,94p EPA/
600/7-86/012B
Contract EPA-68-02-3188
See also Volume 1, PB86-183795.Portions of this doc-
ument are not fully legible. Sponsored by Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report gives results of comprehensive emission
measurements and analyses for a 7.6 kg/s (60,000 lb/
hr) watertube industrial boiler firing a coal/water slurry.
Measurements included continuous monitoring of flue
gas; quantitation of semivolatile organics and 73 trace
elements; volatile organic sampling train (VOST) quan-
titation of volatile organic priority pollutants; EPA
Method 5/8 for particulate and SOx; controlled con-
densation for SOx; Andersen impactors for particle
size distribution; and grab samples for N sub 2 O.
Emissions of NOx, SO sub 2, CO, and hydrocarbons
averaged 510, 450, 285, and 1 ppm, corrected to 3%
oxygen. Particulate emissions were 4.3 g/dscm, and
particle size was biased to larger size fractions with
over half of particulate mass at 10 micrometers or
greater. Over 90% were 3 micrometers or greater.
Combustible losses were high with over 40% carbon
content in particulate. Total organic emissions were 15
to 17 mg/dscm with half in the C1 to C6 range. Naph-
thalene was the only semivolatile detected.
Keywords: "Environmental impacts, 'Pollution, "Water
tube boilers, 'Slurries, Assessments, Coal, Water,
Combustion, Data, Pollution control, Fuel slurries.
PB86-183811/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Environmental Assessment of a Commercial
Boiler Fired with a Coal/Waste Plastic Mixture.
Volume 1. Technical Results. Final rept. Jul 83-Jul
84,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
R. DeRosier, H. I. Lips, and L. R. Waterland. Apr 86,
153p EPA/600/7-86/011 A
Contract EPA-68-02-3188
See also Volume 2, PB86-183829.Portions of this doc-
ument are not fully legible. Sponsored by Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report gives results of comprehensive emissions
testing and laboratory analyses of a stoker-fired com-
mercial boiler firing a coal/waste plastic mixture. In
one test, the unit fired its typical coal fuel; in the other,
shredded waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bev-
erage bottles were added to the coal to about 16% by
weight in the mixed fuel. NOx, total unburned hydro-
carbon, and solid particulate were relatively un-
changed for the two tests, as was the emitted particle
size distribution. SOx emissions decreased with the
coal/PET fuel in keeping with its lowered sulfur con-
tent; average CO emissions were also decreased. Flue
gas emissions of most trace elements were compara-
ble for both tests, as were the trace element composi-
tions of corresponding ash streams. However, lead
emissions were significantly increased for the coal/
PET fuel, reflecting an increased lead content of the
mixed fuel. The cyclone hopper ash for the coal/PET
test had consistently lower leachable trace element
and anion content than for the coal fuel test. Total flue
gas organic emissions were comparable for both tests,
in the 1 mg/dscm range; although levels of several se-
mivolatile priority pollutants were higher for the mixed
fuel.
Keywords: 'Boilers, 'Pollution, "Environment impacts,
Data, Assessments, Combustion, Coal, Plastics, Poly-
ethylene terephthalate, "Pollution control, "Boiler
fuels.
PB86-183829/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Environmental Assessment of a Commercial
Boiler Fired with a Coal/Waste Plastic Mixture.
Volume 2. Data Supplement. Final rept. Jul 83-Jul
84,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
R. DeRosier, H. I. Lips, and L. R. Waterland. Apr 86,
206p EPA/600/7-86/011B
Contract EPA-68-02-3188
See also Volume 1, PB86-183811. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report gives results of comprehensive emissions
testing and laboratory analyses of a stoker-fired com-
mercial boiler firing a coal/waste plastic mixture. In
one test, the unit fired its typical coal fuel; in the other,
shredded waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bev-
erage bottles were added to the coal to about 16% by
weight in the mixed fuel. NOx, total unburned hydro-
carbon, and solid particulate were relatively un-
changed for the two tests, as was the emitted particle
size distribution. SOx emissions decreased with the
coal/PET fuel in keeping with its lowered sulfur con-
tent; average CO emissions were also decreased. Flue
gas emissions of most trace elements were compara-
ble for both tests, as were the trace element composi-
tions of corresponding ash streams. However, lead
emissions were significantly increased for the coal/
PET fuel, reflecting an increased lead content of the
mixed fuel. The cyclone hopper ash for the coal/PET-
test had consistently lower trace element and anion
content than for the coal fuel test. Total flue gas organ-
ic emissions were comparable for both tests, in the 1
mg/dscm range; although levels of several semivola-
tile priority pollutants were higher for the mixed fuel.
Keywords: "Boilers, "Pollution, "Environment impacts,
Data, Assessments, Combustion, Coal, Plastics, Poly-
ethylene terphtalate, "Pollution control, "Boiler fuels.
PB86-183928/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Evaluation of Site-Specific Criteria for Copper and
Zinc: An Integration of Metal Addition Toxicity, Ef-
fluent and Receiving Water Toxicity, and Ecologi-
cal Survey Data,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
A. R. Carlson, H. Nelson, and D. E. Hammermeister.
Apr 86,68p EPA/600/3-86/026
Prepared in cooperation with Science Applications
International Corp., McLean, VA., and Wisconsin
Univ.-Superior.
Comparative laboratory toxicity tests using daphnids
Ceriodaphnia dubia and fathead minnows Pimephales
promelas were conducted to establish and evaluate
relationships between the toxicity of domestic and in-
dustrial effluents containing copper and zinc, toxicity of
the effluents in Naugatuck River, Connecticut receiv-
ing water, toxicity of each metal added to the receiving
water and a reference water, and receiving water eco-
logical survey data.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Invertebrates, "Metals, "Water
pollution, "Naugatuck River, Minnows, Daphnia,
Copper, Zinc, Ecology, Physical properties, Chemical
analysis, Spectrophotometry, Exposure, Industrial
wastes, Sewage, "Point sources, Ceriodaphnia dubia,
Pimephales promelas.
PB86-183936/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Wet Oxidation of Municipal Sludge by the Vertical
Tube Reactor. Final project rept.,
Applied Science and Engineering, Inc., Englewood,
CO.
J. L. McGrew, G. L. Hartmann, C. B. Cassetti, J. E.
Barnes, and W. G. Purdy. Apr 86,133p EPA/600/2-
86/043
Contract EPA-68-03-2812
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
A study was undertaken to assess the feasibility of car-
rying out oxidation of dilute sewage sludge by means
of the vertical tube reactor (VTR) system. A pilot scale
facility along with a laboratory reactor were used for
this study. Dilute sewage sludge was oxidized in the
laboratory reactor at temperatures up to 343 C with ap-
proximately 80% COD reduction, and to 265 C in the
pilot scale reactor with approximately 50% COD re-
duction. The pilot scale study provided information on
scale buildup and control, structural, and mechanical
design, metallurgy, hydrodynamic behavior, heat trans-
fer, and other significant engineering factors. The re-
sults of the program indicate that the VTR process po-
tentially has technical and economic viability as a
means of treating sewage sludge in certain cases and
that a full scale demonstration is warranted.
Keywords: "Oxidation, "Sludge digestion, "Municipali-
ties, Liquids, Moisture content, Fluid flow, Pilot plants,
Heat transfer, Reactors, Stainless steels, Economic
factors, "Chemical oxygen demand. Vertical tube reac-
tor system.
PB86-183944/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Beryllium:
Review Draft (April 1986).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Apr 86,190p EPA/600/8-84/026B
See also PB85-168433.
The chemical and geochemical properties of beryllium
resemble those of aluminum, zinc, and magnesium.
This resemblance is primarily due to similar ionic po-
tentials which facilitate covalent bonding. The three
most common forms of beryllium in industrial emission
are the metal, the oxide, and the hydroxide. The main
routes of beryllium intake for man and animals are in-
halation and ingestion. While the absorption of ingest-
ed beryllium is probably quite insignificant, the chemi-
cal properties of beryllium are such that transformation
of soluble to insoluble forms of inhaled beryllium re-
sults in long retention time in the lungs. The tissue dis-
tribution of absorbed beryllium is characterized by
main deposition in the skeleton where the biological
half-life is fairly long. The lung is the critical organ of
both acute and chronic non-carcinogenic effects.
However, unlike most other metals, the lung effects
caused by chronic exposure to beryllium may be com-
bined with systemic effects, of which one common
factor may be hypersensitization.
Keywords: "Beryllium, "Environmental surveys, "In-
dustrial hygiene, Epidemiology, Air pollution, "Toxic
substances, "Occupational safety and health, Cancer.
PB86-184017/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Report to Congress on the Discharge of Hazard-
ous Wastes to Publicly Owned Treatment Works
(The Domestic Sewage Study),
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
T, P. O'Farrell, P. Trick, and F. Sweeney. Feb 86, 465d
EPA/530/SW-86/004
Prepared in cooperation with Science Applications
International Corp., McLean, VA.
The report was prepared in response to Section
3018(a) of the 1984 amendments to the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The Con-
gress asked the Agency to determine the types, size
and numbers of generators of hazardous waste that
discharge their waste to POTW's, the types and quan-
tities of their water, and significant source not suffi-
ciently regulated to protect human health and the envi-
ronment. The report evaluated 47 industrial categories
and identified 160,000 industrial and commercial facili-
ties that discharge wastewater containing hazardous
constituents. One hundred and sixty-five (165) chemi-
cals from the hazardous waste chemical constituents
list were selected and evaluated.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Industrial waste
treatment, Evaluation. Organic compounds, Mixtures
Sewers, Regulations, Sources, Classifying, Volume]
Profiles, Ground water, Water pollution. Risk, Vaporiz-
ing, Biodeterioration, Air pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Surface waters'
'Sewage treatment plants, Publicly owned treatment
works, Discharge(Water), Pre-treatment(Water). Path
of pollutants, Listings.
PB86-184421/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Validity of Effluent and Ambient Toxicity Teat* for
Predicting Biological Impact, Skeleton Creek,
Enid, Oklahoma,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
T. J. Norberg-King, and D. I. Mount. Mar 86,35p EPA/
600/8-86/002
Skeleton Creek was studied in August, 1983 and was
the fourth site study. A small creek, Boggy Creek re-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ceives discharges from both an oil refinery and a pub-
licly owned treatment works (POTW) prior to its conflu-
ence with Skeleton Creek. A fertilizer processing plant
discharge is located on Skeleton Creek just down-
stream of the confluence of the two streams. The tox-
icity of two effluents and ambient stream stations was
evaluated. Hydrological and ecological field surveys
were also done. A comparison of the relationship be-
tween the measured toxicity of the water samples col-
lected from the streams and the health of the aquatic
community at the same stream stations is made.
Keywords: "Minnows, "Toxicity, "Water pollution,
"Skeleton Creek, Sewage disposal, Industrial wastes,
Refineries, Fertilizers, Tolerances(Physiology),
Reproduction (Biology), Ecology, Substrates, Oklaho-
ma, Crustacae, Zooplankton, Tables(Data), "Water
pollution effects(Animals), "Ceriodaphmia.
PB86-184454/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Rapid Aquatic Toxicity Assay Using Incorporation
of Tritlated-Thymidlne into Sea Urchin, 'Arbacia
punctulata'. Embryo: Evaluation of Toxicant Expo-
sura Procedures,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
D. E. Nacci, and E. Jackim. c1985,15p ERLN-632,
EPA/600/D-86/077
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment:
Eighth Symposium, ASTM STP 891, p382-394 1985.
Prepared in cooperation with JRB Associates, Inc.,
Narragansett, Rl. Marine Services Branch.
Toxicity of substances in seawater was measured
using growth inhibition of embryonic sea urchins during
a short period after fertilization. Growth of Arbacia
punctulata embryos was monitored by incorporation of
tritium-labeled thymidine. The paper presents a com-
parison of toxicant exposure procedures using the Ar-
bacia embryo thymidine incorporation test. Toxicant
exposure began before, at the time of, or after fertiliza-
tion and continued for 4 h following fertilization. In ad-
dition to the eight organic chemicals tested for com-
parison to acute toxicity values for other species, sev-
eral chemicals with embryotoxic potentials (tumor pro-
moters and teratogens) were tested to determine dif-
ferential sensitivities of exposed life-stages: unferti-
lized egg, fertilization, and early embryo. EC50 values
for any one substance were not significantly changed
by exposure modification. Toxicity values for expo-
sures that included fertilization as well as early embryo
growth were at least as sensitive as post-fertilization
exposure values for all compounds tested except one.
Because of technical ease and potential sensitivity,
toxicant exposure that includes fertilization as well as
early embryo growth (but not unfertilized egg expo-
sure) is recommended for future testing.
Keywords: Exposure, Toxicity, Sea urchins, Sea water,
Thymidines, Tritium, Reprints, "Toxic substances,
"Embryonic growth stage, Arabacia punctulata.
PM6-184462/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Standardization of the Nutrition of Fish In Aquatic
Toxlcologlcai Testing,
LeBel (Allen), Annandale, VA.
D. A. Bengtson, A. D. Beck, and K. L. Simpson. C1985,
19p ERLN-639, EPA/600/D-86/078
Pub. in Nutrition and Feeding in Fish, p431-445 1985.
Prepared in cooperation with Rhode Island Univ.,
Kingston.
The paper discusses the influence of the diet of test
organisms upon the results of aquatic toxicity tests.
The adequacy of Artemia nauplii generated from Ref-
erence Artemia Cysts II (RAC II) for tests with several
species is detailed. Consideration is given to both nu-
tritional adequacy and food contamination. (Copyright
(c) 1985 by Academic Press London).
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Fishes, "Animal nutrition,
Diets, Food contamination, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), Cysts, Re-
prints, "Artemia mauplii.
PBS6-1844B6/HSU	PC A2S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Design, Construction and Evaluation of Clay
Liners for Waste Management Facilities. Draft
Tertinlcaf Resource Document for Public Com-
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Mar 86,600p EPA/530/SW-88/007
Contract EPA-68-03-3149
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, DC. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Re-
sponse.
The Technical Resource Document is compilation of
all of the available information on the design, construc-
tion, and evaluation of clay liners for waste landfills,
surface impoundments, and wastepiles. Some infor-
mation is presented for the first time in the document.
The broad topics covered are: clays, with emphasis on
their composition, fabric, and hydraulic conductivity;
geotechnical test methods and soil properties includ-
ing index properties, soil classification, and hydraulic
conductivity testing; and clay chemical compatibility.
Keywords: "Clay soils, "Linings, "Earth fills, Hazard-
ous wastes, Performance evaluation, Waste disposal,
Hydraulic conductivity, Design, Construction, Soil
properties, Failure, Bentonite, Compatibility, Test
methods. Impoundments, Waste piles.
PB86-184S46/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Inhalable Particulate Network Report; Data Sum-
mary (Mass Concentrations Only). Volume 3. Jan-
uary 1983-December 1984,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
D. O. Hinton, J. M. Sune, J. C. Suggs, and W. F.
Barnard. Apr 86,227p EPA/600/4-86/019
See also Volume 1, PB85-148682.
The report is the third in a series of Inhalable Particu-
late (IP) Network reports covering 157 sites within the
United States. PM10 (10 micron) size particulate mass
data and data summaries for 88 active sampling sites
are emphasized. Field operations and Quality Assur-
ance procedures are referenced to preceeding re-
ports. Results of field operations and quality control
audits are given.
Keywords: "Particles, Sampling, Design criteria, Qual-
ity assurance, Assessments, Sites, Performance eval-
uation, "Air pollution sampling, "Inhalable particulate
network.
PB86-184S9S/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Interlaboratory Comparison of the ASTM (Ameri-
can Society for Testing and Materials) Bioconcen-
tration Test Method Using the Eastern Oyster,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
S. C. Schimmel, and R. L. Garnas. 1985,13p EPA/
600/D-86/076
Also pub. as Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assess-
ment Symposium (8th), ASTM STP 891 p277-287
1985.
Four laboratories participated in a bioconcentration in-
terlaboratory comparison study using the eastern
oyster (Crassostrea virginica). Three chemicals were
selected for study, including p,p'-0DE, pentachloro-
phenol (PCP), and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB). The
test method used was that of the American Society for
Testing and Materials (ASTM) 'Standard Practice for
Conducting Bioconcentration tests with Fishes and
Saltwater Bivalve Molluscs'. These results indicate
that the ASTM Method can generate reproducible re-
sults even though the participating laboratories varied
in their experience and in their water quality character-
istics and were widely separated geographically.
Keywords: "Test methods, "Oysters, "Water pollution,
Chlorobenzenes, Phenol, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Fishes, Mollusca, Hazardous materials. Re-
prints, "Bioconcentration factor, "Crassostrea virgin-
ica, ASTM method, Benzene/pentachloro, Phenol/
pentachloro.
PB86-184603/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Assessment of Volatile Organic Emissions from a
Petroleum Refinery Land Treatment Site. Rept. for
Oct 85-Jan 86,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
R. G. Wetherold, B. M. Eklund, B. L. Blaney, and S. A.
Thorneloe. C1986,8p EPA/600/D-86/074
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
Pub. in Proceedings of the National Conference on
Hazardous Wastes and Hazardous Materials, Atlanta,
GA„ March 4-6, 1986. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste
Engineering Research Lab.
A field assessment was performed to measure the
emissions of volatile organics from a petroleum refin-
ery landtreatment site. As part of the study, the emis-
sions of total volatile organics from surface-applied
and subsurface-injected oily sludge were measured
over a five week period. The effect of soil tilling on the
emissions was also monitored. Volatile organic emis-
sion rates were measured using the emission isolation
flux chamber method. Soil samples were collected
during the test periods for determination of soil proper-
ties and oil levels. Soil surface and ambient tempera-
tures inside the flux chambers were also measured
throughout the test periods to determine their influ-
ence on emission rates.
Keywords: "Petroleum industry, "Air pollution control,
Organic compounds, "Fugitive emissions, Land dis-
posal.
PB86-184611/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Recent Developments in Thermophilic Sludge Di-
estlon in the United States,
nvironmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
A. E. Eralp, and J. B. Farrell. Apr 86,22p EPA/600/D-
86/073
Anaerobic digestion is one of the most widely used
processes for sludge stabilization. The paper reviews
the developments of thermophilic sludge digestion in-
cluding the successful demonstrations at Los Angeles
and Chicago. Two recent developments, Multiple Di-
gestion Process as advanced by Torpey in New York
and dual digestion system as demonstrated in Hagers-
town, Maryland and in Lackawanna, New York are re-
viewed in detail. It is concluded that the thermophilic
digestion process, aerobic, anaerobic or in combina-
tion with mesophilic digestion process has been
shown to be equivalent or better compared with con-
ventional sludge stabilization processes when operat-
ed under research conditions.
Keywords; "Activated sludge process, "Thermophiles,
"Sludge digestion, "United States, Stabilization, Tem-
perature, Performance evaluation, Design, Aeration,
Clarification, Aerobic processes, Anaerobic process-
es, Flow charts, Case studies.
PB86-184629/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Fine Pore (Fine Bubble) Aeration of Municipal
Wastewaters,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. C. Brenner, A. E. Eralp, and W. C. Boyle. Apr 86,
18p EPA/600/D-86/072
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Univ.-Madi-
son. Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering.
The paper summarizes the current information on fine
pore aeration systems. Types of media, types of diffus-
es, piping and layout, characteristics of diffusers,
clear and process water performance, operation and
maintenance, diffuser fouling and economic analyses
are reviewed. The paper is based on a report titled 'In-
terim Guidance for Aeration with Fine Pore (Fine
Bubble) Diffusers' which is developed jointly by the
U.S. EPA and the American Society of Civil Engineers
and published in the fall of 1985.
Keywords: "Aeration, "Sewage treatment, "Municipali-
ties, Bubbles, Layout, Aerobic processes, Pores, Acti-
vated sludge process, Diffusers, Fouling, Operations,
Maintenance, Operating costs.
PB86-184744/HSU	PC A21/MF A01
Industrial Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
OH.
Control of Organic Substances In Water and
Wastewater,
Massachusetts Univ., Amherst. Dept. of Civil Engineer-
ing.
B. B. Berger. Apr 83,482p EPA/600/8-83/011
Sponsored by Industrial Environmental Research
Lab.-Cincinnati, OH.
The presence of organic substances of industrial origin
in wastewaters, storm runoff and in surface and
groundwaters may not always be an unmitigated evil—
but, it is safe to say, it never is good. In 197B, EPA was
-------
ERA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
required to give special emphasis to 129 'priority pol-
lutants' that present probable hazard in the water re-
source. Of these 129 priority pollutants, 114 are organ-
ic. The document is comprised of 14 chapters, each
prepared by a specialist. Chapter 1, Fundamental Con-
siderations in the Removal of Organic Substances in
Water is in essence an examination of a wide spectrum
of physical chemical principles that are being used, are
under study, or may in the future be adapted for use in
the separation of organic pollutants in waters.
Keywords; 'Organic compounds, 'Water treatment,
'Sewage treatment, Municipalities, Separation, Impuri-
ties, Coagulation, Filtration, Adsorption, Waste water
reuse, Water reclamation, Industrial waste treatment.
Design, Activated carbon process, Membranes, Halo-
methanes, Drinking water.
PB86-184819/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Construction Grants Program for Municipal
Wastewater Treatment Works: Handbook of Pro-
cedures (March 1986 Update).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Municipal Pollution Control.
1 Mar 86,163p*
See also PB85-236065, and PB85-204543.
The publication is the second updating to the publica-
tion entitled 'Construction Grants Program for Munici-
pal Wastewater Treatment Works-Handbook of Proce-
dures' (EPA 430/09-84-003) PB 85204543.
Keywords: 'Grants, 'Sewage treatment, 'Construc-
tion, 'Municipalities, Design, Instructions, Legislation,
Water quality, Sewers, Cost analysis, Land acquisition,
State government, Allocations, Sludge disposal, Real
property, Upgrading, Handbooks, Sewage treatment
plants, Alternative planning, Municipal wastewater
treatment, Construction Grants Amendments of 1981,
Land application.
PB86-185162/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
Mutagenic Specificity and the Prediction of Mech-
anisms and Bioactivatlon Pathways of Genotoxl-
cants: The Mutagenicity of 5-Nltroacenaphthene
as an Example. Journal article,
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH.
E. C. McCoy, E. J. Rosenkranz, R. Mermelstein, and H.
S. Rosenkranz. C1983,10p EPA/600/J-83/335
Pub. in Mutation Research 111, n1 p61-68 Sep 83.
Prepared in cooperation with Xerox Corp., Rochester,
NY. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
5-Nitroacenaphthlene induces primarily mutations of
the frameshift type in Salmonella typhimurium (i.e.,
strains TA98 and TA1538). Addition of activation mix-
tures (S9) results in an increased mutagenic potency
as well as a shift in specificity to base-substitution mu-
tations (i.e., strain TA100). The magnitude of these ef-
fects depends upon the species of origin of the S9 and
whether the animals were induced (Aroclor 1254).
These effects are ascribed to the S9-mediated conver-
sion of 5-nitroacenaphthene to additional mutagenic
metabolites (possibly ring oxidation products). In addi-
tion, while 5-nitroacenapnthene exhibited appreciable
activity in the absence of S9 for strain TA98, its muta-
genicity for TA97, also an indicator of frameshifts, was
negligible. TA97 differs from TA98 in the nucleotide
sequence at the mutational hot spots (a run of 6 cyto-
sine as opposed to 8 alternating guaninecytosine resi-
dues). These findings indicate that a careful analysis of
the results obtained in the standard Salmonella typhi-
murium mutagenicity assay may yield useful informa-
tion regarding bioconversion pathways and the role of
DNA sequence in the ultimate expression of pro-muta-
tional events.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Bacteria, Chromosomal ab-
errations, Assaying, Reprints, Mutagenesis, 'Nitroa-
cenaphthlene. Salmonella typhimurium.
P086-18517O/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Esterification of Arylhydroxyiamlnes: Evidence
for a Specific Gene Product in Mutagenesis. Jour-
nal article,	, ,
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, uh.
E C McCoy, G. D. McCoy, and H. S. Rosenkranz.
C1982, 9p EPA/600/J-82/459
Pub. in Biochemical and Biophysical Research Com-
munications, v10S n3 p1362-1367, 15 Oct 82. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Characterization of a Salmonella typhimurium mutant
strain (TA98/1.8-DNP6) resistant to the mutagenicity
of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitroar-
enes) revealed that it was also non-responsive to the
mutagenic action of nitroso- and N-hydroxylaminoar-
enes. The mutant strain was fully sensitive to the muta-
genic action of the corresponding hydroxamic acid
ester. These results suggest that TA98/1.8-DNP6 is
deficient in a specific esterifying enzyme and that es-
terification of the penultimate mutagenic metabolites
of nitro- and aminoarenes (e.g., arylhydroxylamines) to
form potent electrophiles is controlled by a specific
gene.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Bacteria, 'Polycyclic aromat-
ic hydrocarbons, Reprints, 'Mutagenesis, 'Nitroar-
enes, Salmonella typhimurium.
PB86-185238/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Evidence for the Existence of Distinct Nitroreduc-
tases in 'Salmonella typhimurium': Roles in Muta-
?enesls. Journal article,
ase Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH.
E. J. Rosenkranz, E. C. McCoy, R. Mermelstein, and H.
S. Rosenkranz. C1982, 5p EPA/600/J-82/458
Pub. in Carcinogenesis, v3 n1 pi 21 -123 1982. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Xerox Corp., Rochester, NY.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Previous studies on the mutagenicity of nitroheterocy-
clics and nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
had indicated the probable existence in Salmonella ty-
phimurium of a multiplicity of nitroreductase activities
of varying specificities which are required for the ex-
pression of the mutagenicity of nitro-containing chemi-
cals. In the present study evidence is presented that
these activities reside in different gene products: (a)
strains totally lacking in the nitroreductase which rec-
ognizes niridazole and related substances are not mu-
tagenized by this group of chemicals and yet they are
fully responsive to the mutagenic action of dinitropyr-
enes; (b) double mutants which have lost both types of
specificities can be constructed. Finally, the presence
of a third type of nitroreductase with a specificity for 4-
nitroquinoline-1-oxide is implied by the finding that the
nitroreductase-deficient strains described herein retain
full sensitivity to the mutagenic action of this chemical.
Keywords: 'Bacteria, 'Toxicology, Genes, Reprints,
'Nitroreductases, 'Mutagensis, Salmonella typhimur-
PB86-185477	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectropho-
tometers as Automated Element-Specific Detec-
tors for High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography.
The Determination of Arsenlte, Arsenate, Methy-
iarsonic Acid and Dlmethylarsinfc Acid. Final rept.,
National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, MD. Inor-
ganic Materials Div.
F. E. Brinckman, K. L. Jewett, W. P. Iverson, K. J.
Irgolic, and K. C. Ehrhardt. 1980,16p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.
Pub. in Jnl. of Chromatography 191, p31-461980.
Techniques for the determination of trace element
compounds at ppb and ppm levels (in contrast to the
determination of the total element concentration) are a
prerequisite for the study of the transformations of
trace elements in biological systems and the interac-
tions of trace element compounds with biologically im-
portant molecules. Two automated high-pressure
liquid chromatography (HPLC) systems with element-
specific detectors, capable of detecting, identifying
and quantitating trace element compounds were de-
veloped independently in our laboratories. One of the
detectors consists of a Perkin-Elmer graphite furnace
atomic absorption spectrometer (GFAA) and a special-
ly adapted autosampler, whereas a Hitachi-Zeeman
GFAA, a sample valve, an injector and associated
electronics to control the analysis sequence comprise
the components of the other detector. The capability
of these systems to speciate trace element com-
pounds is demonstrated using arsenite, arsenate,
methylarsonic acid (MAA) and dimethylarsinic acid
(DMAA) as examples. The separation schemes devel-
oped for the four arsenic compounds were used to
speciate these compounds in soil extracts and drinking
waters. The separation efficiency achieved thus far
can very likely be improved through development of
better column materials and mobile phases. The work
with arsenic compounds clearly shows the great po-
tential of these HPLC-GFAA analytical systems in the
area of environmental trace element chemistry, in the
field of physiological chemistry and in trace element-
related nutritional studies.
Keywords: "Chromatographic analysis, 'Arsenates,
Chemical analysis, Arsenic organic compounds, Ar-
senic organic acids, Reprints, "Arsenites, 'Arsonic
acid/methyl, 'Arsine oxide/dimethyl-hydroxy, High
pressure liquid chromatography.
PB86-185519/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
Chemical Activation of Non-Mutagenic Nitrated
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons to Mutagens.
Journal article,
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH.
G. E. Karpinsky, E. C. McCoy, H. S. Rosenkranz, and
R. Mermelstein. c1982,10p EPA/600/J-82/457
Pub. in Mutation Research 92, n1/2 p29-37 Feb 82.
Prepared in cooperation with Xerox Corp., Rochester,
NY. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including
carcinogens, may be non-mutagenic in microorga-
nisms because bacterial nitroreductases are unable to
reduce their nitro function to proximate mutagenic hy-
droxylamines. The reduction of the nitro moiety can be
accomplished chemically in situ using zinc dust. The
procedure, which is compatible with the Salmonella
mutagenicity assay, was used to generate mutagens
from chemicals which otherwise are non-mutagenic
even in the presence of microsomal preparations.
Keywords: 'Mutagens, 'Nitro compounds, 'Aromatic
polycyclic nydrocarbons, Carcinogens,
Reduction(Chemistry), Bacteria, Enzymes, Hydroxyla-
mine, Salmonella typhimurium, Reprints, Chemical ac-
tivation.
PB86-185527/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Biodegradabiiity Studies with Organic Priority Pol-
lutant Compounds. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
H. H. Tabak, S. A. Quave, C. I. Mashni, and E. F. Barth
Oct 81, 18p EPA/600/J-81/696
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
V53n10p1503-15180ct81.
Ninty-six organic priority pollutants (from EPA Effluent
Guidelines Consent Decree) were studied to deter-
mine the extent and rate of microbial degradation and
the acclimation periods needed for substrate biooxida-
tion. The pollutants have been classified into groups
with characteristic biodegradabiiity patterns.
Keywords: 'Biodeterioration, 'Organic compounds,
Microorganisms, Acclimatization, Reprints, Environ-
mental persistence, Water pollution.
PB86-18S53S/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Circulating Antibody Response of Mice Exposed
to 9-GHz Pulsed Microwave Radiation. Journal arti-
cle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Experimental Biology Div.
C. G. Liddle, J. P. Putnam, O. H. Lewter, M. West, and
G. Morrow, 1986,6p EPA/600/J-86/023
Pub. in Bioelectromagnetics 7, n1 p91 -94 Jan 86.
Female CD-1 mice immunized against the bacterium
Streptococcus pneumoniae type III were exposed to 9-
GHz pulsed microwaves (pulse repetition rate 970-
1.000, pulse width 1.0 micro seconds, peak power 1
W/cm2) at an average incident power density of 1
mW/sq.cm. (calculated SAR = 0.47 W/kg) for 2 h per
day for 5 days. Circulating antibody titers for the micro-
wave-exposed animals were not significantly different
from those of the sham-irradiated animals, and there
were no differences In any of the hematological pa-
rameters analyzed, indicating that 9-GHz pulsed
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
microwaves at 1 mW/sq.cm. do not alter the immune
response of mice immunized against S pneumoniae.
Keywords: "Radiation effects, "Antibodies, "Micro-
waves, Immunology, Mice, Exposure, Laboratory ani-
mals, Reprints.
PB86-185543/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Stability of Turbidity in Raw Water and Its Rela-
tionship to Chlorine Demand. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
E. L. Katz. Feb 86,7p EPA/600/J-86/019
Pub, in Jnl. American Water Works Association 78, n2
p72-75 Feb 86.
In the study, t60 raw water samples collected through-
out the United States were examined for chlorine
demand, turbidity, and other chemical parameters to
determine whether these parameters were interrelat-
ed. Eighty-nine of these samples were examined over
a 1-week period to determine the stability of the turbidi-
ty values over 1, 3, and 7 days. Changes in turbidity
were on the order of 77% of samples in the range of
0.05 to 1 ntu: 90 percent of samples In the 1 to 5 ntu
range; and 96% of those >5.0 ntu. In some cases,
more than a 200% change in turbidity is reflected.
Keywords: "Turbidity, "Water pollution, Stability, Sam-
pling, Chlorine, Fluid filters, Membranes, Chemical
analysis, Residues, Carbon, Organic compounds. Ni-
trogen, Particle size, Disinfection, Tables(Data), Re-
prints, Raw water, Total organic carbon, Drinking
water.
PB86-185550/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Interim Protocol for the Automated Analysis of
Semivolatile Organic Compounds by Gas Chroma-
tography/Fourler Transform Infrared (GC/FT-IR)
Spectrometry (Journal Version),
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
D. F. Gurka. 1985,9p EPA/600/J-85/381
See also PB85-115186. Pub. in Applied Spectroscopy,
v39 n5 p827-833 Sep/Oct 85.
The application of gas chromatography/Fourier trans-
form infrared (GC/FT-IR) data to regulatory decisions
requires, among other things, the availability of validat-
ed analytical protocols. Such protocols are necessary
for the generation of reliable analytical data. A GC/FT-
IR protocol is described which is applicable to the de-
termination of semivolatile organic compounds in
wastewater, soils, sediments, and solid wastes. The
protocol is designed for the high-throughput automat-
ed analysis of multicomponent environmental and haz-
ardous waste extracts. With the use of capillary GC/
FT-IR techniques, wastewater identification limits of
150 to 400 ppb can be achieved with this method,
while the corresponding identification limits for solid
samples are 3 to 88 ppm. Automated packed-column
GC/FT-IR identification limits are approximately a
factor of five higher than the corresponding capillary
GC/FT-IR values.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "Organic compounds,
Environmental surveys, Sediments, Soils, Hazardous
materials, Gas chromatography, Infrared spectrosco-
py, Sampling, Reprints, "Water pollution detection,
"Solid wastes, "Air pollution detection, Fourier trans-
form spectroscopy.
PB86-186798/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park. NC.
Environmental Nltroarenes: An Attempt to Under-
stand Their Mutagenic and Carcinogenic Proper-
ties. Journal article,
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH.
H. S. Rosenkranz, E. C. McCoy, R. Mermelstein, and
G. Klopman. C1986, 36p EPA/600/D-86/066
Grant EPA-R-809231
Pub. in Carcinogens and Mutagens in the Environ-
ment, v5 eh 3 p27-58 Apr 85. Prepared in cooperation
with Xerox Corp., Rochester, NY. Sponsored by Health
Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The report will deal primarily with subsequent ad-
vances and an attempt to place the emerging knowl-
edge into perspective. Nitroarenes have been found in
xerographic toners,' typewriter ribbons, and cigarette
smoke condensate (e.g., mainstream). The reason for
the present concern about the possible health hazards
of these chemicals is derived from the realization that
they are present in diesel emissions, in fly ash derived
from coal conversion processes and in the sides-
treams of cigarette smoke. Thus, they are not only
ubiquitous in the atmosphere but may also be present
in high concentrations in confined spaces, such as the
office and home environment, primarily as the result of
cigarette smoking. Literally hundreds of nitroarenes
have been detected in diesel emissions and in the am-
bient atmosphere. It is now realized that nitroarenes
are perhaps ubiquitious as a result of the facile nitra-
tion by oxides of nitrogen (in the presence of traces of
acids) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
emitted during the course of incomplete combustion
processes. Obviously, the recognition of hundreds of
environmental nitroarenes means that it will not be
practical to prepare sufficient quantities of each of
these and to determine their mutagenic and carcino-
genic potentials. Accordingly, The approach has been
to study structural commonalities which might be
useful in predicting biological properties. Some of the
preliminary findings are reported herein.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocar-
bons, Hazardous materials, Reprints, "Nitroarenes,
"Carcinogenesis, "Mutagenesis, "Air pollution
effects(Humans).
PB86-187150/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Tetrachlorodibenzodloxin Isomer Differentiation
by Micro Diffuse Reflectance Fourier Transform
Infrared Spectrometry at the Low Nanogram
Level. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
D. F. Gurka, S. Billets, J. W. Brasch, and C. J. Riggle.
C1985, 7p EPA/600/J-85/380
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v57 n9 p1975-1979 Aug
85. Sponsored by Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Infrared diffuse reflectance spectra were recorded for
the 22 tetrachlorodibenzodioxin isomers (TCDDs). By
use of micro-DRIFT techniques and signal averaging,
identifiable spectra for each of the isomers were
achieved at low nanogram levels. Spectral features in
the 1200/cm to 1600/cm region indicate that each
isomer has a unique spectrum and is readily distin-
guishable from other isomeric TCDDs. Each TCDD
isomer was correctly identified, from a user-created li-
brary of the 22 isomers, using a software algorithm.
The uniqueness of the TCDD FT-IR spectra offers the
previously unobtainable possibility of correct isomer
identification, in the presence of isomeric chromato-
graphic coelution interferences, by spectral subtrac-
tion. These DRIFT spectra were utilized to clarify am-
biguous TCDD structural assignments. Utilization of
these FT-IR techniques for environmental monitoring
can complement the current procedure of gas chroma-
tography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for dioxin char-
acterization. (Copyright (c) 1985 American Chemical
Society.)
Keywords: "Infrared spectroscopy, Identifying, Sensi-
tivity, Reflectance, Environments, Reprints, "Dibenzo-
dioxin/tetrachloro, *Dioxins(Herbicides), Fourier trans-
form spectroscopy, Isomers.
PB86-187168/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Demographic Evaluation of the Influence of Tem-
perature and Salinity on the Copepod Euryte-
mora herdmanl'. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
V. S. George. 1985,10p ERLN-X110, EPA/600/J-85/
378
Pub. in Marine Ecology - Progress Series, v21 p145-
1521985.
Demographic responses of the estuarine copepod
Eurytemora herdmani to several combinations of tem-
perature and salinity were evaluated in the laboratory.
Observed values of the intrinsic rate of population in-
crease, r, ranged from -0.069/d to 0.088/d. Over the
experimental range of 15 to 35 0/00 and 10 to 20 C,
the observed values of r at 20 to 30 0/00 were higher
than those at 15 or 35 0/00; observed values of r at 20
C were lower than those observed at the lower tem-
peratures. Temperature was found to influence the
rate of population growth primarily through age of re-
production while salinity effects were primarily through
fecundity.
Keywords: "Salinity, *Crustacae, "Estuaries, Ocean
temperature, Populations, Growth, Fecundity, Re-
sponses, Reprints, Eurytemora herdmani.
PB86-187176/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Laboratory Experiments on Mechanisms of Com-
petition and Resource Partitioning between 'Menl-
dia menldia' (L.) and 'Menidla berylllna' (Cope)
(Osteichthyes:Atherlnldae). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
D. A. Bengtson. 1985,19p ERLN-202, EPA/600/J-85/
379
Pub. in Jnl. of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecolo-
gy, v92 p1-18 1985.
Postlarvae of two atherinid species, Menidia menidia
and Menidia beryllina, were tested in two 14-day ex-
periments at four densities of fish to determine effects
of interspecific versus intraspecific competition for
food. In one experiment, when M. menidia was slightly
larger than M. beryllina (simulating a slightly earlier
hatching time in nature) M. menidia exhibited a clear
competitive advantage over M. beryllina, as demon-
strated by covariance analysis of fish biomass change
on fish density. In the second experiment, when M.
beryllina was larger than M. menidia, neither species
showed competitive advantage. The results suggest
that M. menidia has an inherently superior ability to
compete for food. In another set of experiments, post-
larval and juvenile M. menidia and M. beryllina were
fed varying rations of Artemia nauplii during a series of
three 10-day feeding trials. As Menidia menidia grew,
they required a smaller percentage of body weight per
day in food for maximum growth.
Keywords: "Feeding stuffs, "Marine fishes, "Competi-
tion, "Estuaries, Biomass, Larvae, Density(Mass/
volume), Growth, Weight(Mass), Survival, Require-
ments, Adaptation, Collection methods, Rhode Island,
Reprints, "Menidia menidia, Menidia beryllina.
PB86-187184/HSU	PC A0Z/MF A01
Effects of Phorbol Myristate Acetate, Phorbol Dl-
butyrate, Ethanol, Dimethylsulfoxide, Phenol, and
Seven Metabolitles of Phenol on Metabolic Coop-
eration between Chinese Hamster V79 Lung Fi-
broblasts. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
A. R. Malcolm, L. J. Mills, and E. J. McKenna. C1985,
17p ERLN-676A, EPA/600/J-85/377
Pub. in Cell Biology and Toxicology, vl n4 p269-283
1985. Prepared in cooperation with JRB Associates,
Inc., Narragansett, Rl. Marine Services Branch, and
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Dept. of Pharmacology
and Toxicology.
The discovery that phorbol ester tumor promoters in-
hibit metabolic cooperation (MC) between several cell
types in vitro fostered the idea that the effect might be
associated with tumor promoters in general. The au-
thors are testing the hypothesis by assessing the ef-
fects of tumor promoters, selected metabolites, and
other chemicals on MC between cocultivated mutant
(HGPRT-) and wild-type (HGPRT+) V79 cells in re-
constructed selection experiments. Correlation studies
show that many structurally-diverse promoters inhibit
MC in a dose-related fashion. More recent studies
show that ethanol, a surface-active solvent with cocar-
cinogenic activity in humans, inhibits MC at high con-
centrations (10-20 mg/mi). Phenol, a weak promoter
of tumors on mouse skin, has no effect on MC at con-
centrations ranging from 50 to 400 micrograms/ml.
Five metabolites of phenol block MC, but at least two
others appear to be inactive as complete promoters
for mouse skin.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Neoplasms, Hamsters, Fi-
broblasts, Reprints, Phenol, Metabolites, "Mutagene-
sis, Phorbol, Ethanol.
PB86-187192/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect of 9.6-GHz Pulsed Microwaves on the Orb
Web Spinning Ability of the Cross Spider (Aran-
eus Dladematus). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. G. Liddle, J. P. Putnam, O. L. Lewter, J. V. Lewis,
and B. Bell. 1986,8p EPA/600/J-86/022
Also pub. in Bioelectromagnetics 7, p101-105 1986.
Eight cross spiders (Araneus diadematus) were ex-
posed overnight (16 h) during web-building activity to
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
pulsed 9.6-GHz microwaves at average power densi-
ties of 10, 1, and 0.1 mW/sq, cm. (estimated SARs 40,
4, and 0.4 mW/g). Under these conditions, 9.6-GHz
pulsed microwaves did not affect the web-spinning
ability of the cross spider.
Keywords: "Microwaves, "Radiation effects, "Insects,
Reprints, "Spiders, Araneus diadematus.
PB86-167200/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Measurement of Epidldymal Sperm Motility as a
Test Variable in the Rat. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. E. Under, L. F. Strader, and W. K. McElroy. C1986,
10p EPA/600/J-86/021
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 36, p317-324 1986. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Several environmental contaminants, notably dibro-
mochloropropane (Whorton et al. 1977) and kepone
(Taylor et al. 1978; Cannon et al, 1978) have been im-
plicated in sperm deficiencies among occupationally
exposed males. These incidents emphasize the need
for adequate testing of chemicals for effects on the
male reproductive system. Although important in clini-
cal diagnosis, the evaluation of sperm motility has not
been used extensively as a tool in chemical toxicology,
particularly in commonly used small laboratory spe-
cies. Measurements of sperm motility parameters are
complicated by several variables including sample ma-
nipulation, temperature, cell concentration, time fac-
tors and the method of quantitation. In the present
study, a simple objective procedure to estimate the
proportion of motile epididymal spermatozoa in the rat
has been developed.
Keywords: Rats, Laboratory animals, Measurement,
Reprints, Animal models, "Sperm motility, "Test vari-
able.
PB86-187234/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Screening Complex Hazardous Wastes for Muta-
genic Activity Using a Modified Version of the
TLC/Salmonella Assay. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
V. S. Houk, and L. D. Claxton. c1986,14p EPA/600/J-
86/024
Pub. in Mutation Research 169, p81-92 1986. Pre-
pared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill. School of Public Health.
Ten complex hazardous wastes were tested for muta-
genic activity using a modified version of the TLC/
Ames assay developed by Bjorseth et al. (1982). This
fractionation/bioassay scheme couples thin layer
chromatography (TLC) with the Salmonella/mammali-
an-microsome (Ames) assay for the detection of muta-
genic constituents in complex mixtures. Crude (unadul-
terated) hazardous wastes and selected hazardous
waste extracts were fractionated on commercially
available cellulose TLC plates. Mutagenicity testing
was performed in situ by applying a single overlay of
minimal growth agar, tester strain TA98 or TA100, and
the optional metablic activation system directly onto
the developed chromatogram. A mutagenic effect was
indicated either by the appearance of localized clus-
ters of revertant colonies or by an increase in total re-
vertant growth vis-a-vis control plates. Seven of ten
hazardous wastes (including tars, emulsions, sludges,
and spent acids and caustics) demonstrated mutagen-
ic activity when tested by this method.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Wastes, "Bacteria,
"Toxicology, Bioassay, Reprints, Salmonella, Muta-
genesis.
PB86-187358/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effects of Age and Obesity on the Metabolism of
Lindane by Black a/a, Yellow (A sup vy)/a, and
Pseudoagouti (A sup vy)/a Phenotypes of (YS x
VY) F1 Hybrid Mice. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park
R w'. Chadwick, M. F. Copeland, N. Cooke, D. A.
Whitehouse, and M. L. Mole. 1985,28p EPA/600/J-
85/370
Pub in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health
16, p771-796 1985.
590 Vol. 90, No. 24
Lindane (hexachlorocyclohexane) has been shown to
produce hepatomas in some strains of mice but not in
others. Genetic factors and/or altered metabolism
may plan a role in the susceptibility to lindane-induced
hepatomas. Previous investigations have demonstrat-
ed that the viable yellow Avy mutation increases sus-
ceptibility to the formation of hepatomas in the mouse.
The study reports the effect of age and obesity on the
comparative metabolism and disposition of lindane in
obese yellow Avy/a and in lean pseudoagouti Avy/a
and black a/a phenotypes of (YS x VY) F-1 hybrid
female mice at 8, 17, 30, 56, and 86 weeks of age.
Twenty-four hours prior to sacrifice the mice were
dosed p.o. with 18 mg lindane (containing 55 micro Ci
(U-14C) lindane)/kg. Aging altered the biotransforma-
tion of lindane such that while the excretion of lindane
and its metabolites declined, the proportion of conju-
gated and polar metabolites were elevated. Tissue
storage was elevated in older animals.
Keywords: "Metabolism, "Toxicology, Body weight,
Age, Mice, Laboratory animals, Genetics, Reprints,
"Lindane, Obesity, Cyclohexane/hexachloro, Hepato-
mas, Mutagenesis.
PB86-187366/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparison of In vivo and In vitro Methods for
Assessing the Effects of Phenobarbltai on the He-
patic Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme System. Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. W. Chadwick, M. F. Copeland, G. P. Carlson, B. A.
Trela, and B. M. Most. C1985,14p EPA/600/J-85/371
Pub. in Toxicology Letters 29, p95-105 1985. Prepared
in cooperation with Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN. School
of Pharmacy and Pharmacal Sciences, and Northrop
Sen/ices, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The effect of daily i.p. injections of 0,1,10 and 80 mg/
kg phenobarbital for 1 week on the activity of the he-
patic drug-metabolizing enzyme system was measured
in the rat by a model substrate assay employing lin-
dane and by a battery of in vitro enzyme assays. Com-
parison of tne dose-response curves of the in vivo and
in vitro assays indicated that urinary metabolities of
indane provided a good index of phenobarbital-in-
duced change in both phase I and phase II reactions.
Keywords: "Phenobarbital, "Toxicology, "Enzymes,
Comparison, Parenteral infusions, In viva analysis, In
vitro analysis, Metabolism, Rats, Dosage, Laboratory
animals, Reprints.
PB86-187374/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Computerized Assessment of Human Neurotoxi-
city: Sensitivity to Nitrous Oxide Exposure. Jour-
nal article,
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
B. D. Greenberg, P. A. Moore, R. Letz, and E. L. Baker.
C1985, 8p EPA/600/J-85/375
Grant EPA-R-811896
Pub. in Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, v38
n6 p656-660 Dec 85. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The authors recently developed a flexible, portable,
computer based neurobehavioral evaluation system
(NES) to standardize data collection in epidemiologic
field studies of individuals at risk for neurobehavioral
toxicity. The current study was performed to examine
the system's sensitivity to subtle neurobehavioral im-
pairment induced pharmacologically in normal sub-
jects. Twelve men 18 to 36 years old were tested with
the NES three times, in an initial training session fol-
lowed by separate drug and control sessions in ran-
domized order. During drug sessions subjects received
a combination of 20% nitrous oxide and 80% oxygen
through a nasal mask. In control sessions subjects re-
ceived 100% oxygen. Nine NES tests evaluating psy-
chomotor performance, visuospatial ability, memory,
and mood were administered in approximately 40 min-
utes. Nitrous oxide exposure impaired performance on
three tests: continuous performance, symbol-digit sub-
stitution, and finger tapping. Another test, pattern
memory, showed a trend toward impairment, while the
remainder were not affected by the drug. These data
are consistent with previous reports that the threshold
effect of nitrous oxide is a decrement in psychomotor
speed.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Nitrous oxide, Assessments,
Exposure, Computers, Reprints, "Neurotoxicity, "Med-
ical computer applications.
PB86-187382/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Preliminary Data on Use of the Inland Silverslde,
'Menidia Berylllna', to Control Mosquito Larvae.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
D. P. Middaugh, P. G. Hester, M. V. Meisch, and P. M.
Stark. c1985,10p EPA/600/J-85/376, CONTRIB-532
Pub. in Jnl. Am. Mosq. Control Association, v1 n4
p435-441 Dec 85. Prepared in cooperation with Florida
State Dept. of Health and Rehabilitative Services,
Panama City. West Florida Arthropod Research Lab.,
and Arkansas Univ., Fayetteville.
A study of procedures for spawning and culture of the
inland silverside, Menidia beryllina, was conducted.
The control efficacy of young Menidia, 21 to 37 days
old, was determined in the laboratory with the 1st and
2nd instars of Aedes taeniorhynchus and Anopheles
quadrimaculatus. Feeding trials were run in freshwater
and at salinities as high as 25 parts per thousand by
weight. Field trials were also conducted to determine if
Menidia would effectively control Culex quinquefascia-
tus in brackish water impoundments.
Keywords: "Culicidae, "Pest control, Fishes, Larvae,
Field tests, Brackish water, Rice plants, Feeding stuffs,
Laboratories, Reprints, "Menidia, Silverside, Aedes,
Anopheles.
PB86-187390/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Fine-Bubble Alpha Factors in Near
Full-Scale Equipment. Journal article,
California Univ., Los Angeles.
H. J. Hwang, and M. K. Stenstrom. c1985,12p EPA/
600/J-85/373
Pub. in Jnl. Water Pollution Control Federation, v57
n12 pi 142-1151 Dec 85. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering
Research Lab.
In the study of oxygen transfer using fine-bubble diffus-
ers in the presence of wastewater contaminants and
surfactants, an experimental method and mathemati-
cal models were developed that can handle rapidly
changing water quality under process conditions. The
models were verified experimentally with tap water
containing surfactants and activated-sludge mixed
liquor. The pilot-scale aeration column with full-scale
liquid depth under operating condition could be used to
simulate the full-scale aeration tank. The variation of
alpha factor in the mixed liquor can be explained by a
readily measured variable, microbial oxygen uptake.
Keywords: "Activated sludge process, "Oxygen, "Dif-
fusers, "Sludge treatment, Dissolved gases, Bubbles,
Mathematical models, Aeration tanks, Pilot plants,
Depth, Liquids, Tests, California, Diagrams, Mass
transfer, Reprints, Mixed liquors.
PB86-187416/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Northeastern Illinois Planning Commission, Chicago.
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1984.
Volume 3. Northeastern Illinois Region. Annual
rept.,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
R. J. Kirschner. Dec 85,255p IEPA/WPC/85-005C
See also PB86-119971. Sponsored by Northeastern Il-
linois Planning Commission, Chicago.
The report is Vol. Ill of a series of 7 reports summariz-
ing Illinois EPA's 1984 Volunteer Lake Monitoring Pro-
gram. It provides a program overview, summarizes re-
sults for 53 lakes in Northeastern Illinois, and dis-
cusses lake/watershed management strategies. It
also contains data (in tabular and graphic form) for
lakes monitored 4-8 sampling periods. Sixty-seven vol-
unteers recorded total depth, Secchi disc transparen-
cy, and field observations for 53 lakes in Northeastern
Illinois between May and October, 1984.
Keywords: "Lakes, "Water pollution. Monitoring, Citi-
zen participation, Depth, Turbidity, Assessments
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-187770/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Guidelines for Using OZIPM-3 with CBM-X or Op-
tional Mechanisms. Volume 1. Description of the
Ozone Isopleth Plotting Package, Version 3. Final
rept. Aug 82-Jul 85,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
H. Hogo, and G. Z. Whitten. Jan 86,253p EPA/600/3-
86/004A,, EPA/SW/MT-86/018A
Contract EPA-68-02-3735
For system on magnetic tape, see PB86-187788.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
A computer program, called Ozone Isopleth Plotting
with Optional Mechanisms/Version 3 (OZIPM-3), has
been developed. The program enables the use of a
new Carbon Bond Mechanism (CBM-X) for EKMA con-
trol strategy calculations. The OZIPM-3 program also
has the capability to accept a chemical mechanism
other than the default CBM-X that is internally stored in
the program. Volume 1 serves as the User's Manual
for OZIPM-3. It contains a detailed description of how
OZIPM-3 operates. It also contains a thorough discus-
sion of the different input and output options available
to the user when exercising either the default CBM-X
mechanism or an optional mechanism. Five examples
of OZIPM-3 simulations are presented.
Keywords: 'Smog, 'Ozone, 'Air pollution control, Pro-
gramming manuals, Computer programming, Fortran,
Photochemical reactions, Nitrogen oxides, OZIPM 3
computer program.
PB86-187788/HSU	CP T08
OZIPM-3 (Ozone Isopleth Plotting with Optional
Mechanisms, Version 3) Source Code. Software,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
M. C. Dodge, and G. Z. Whitten. Dec 85, mag tape
EPA/600/3-86/004C, EPA/SW/MT-86/018
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products if you have questions. Price
includes documentation, PB86-187770 and PB86-
194248.
A software package has been developed to enable a
user to estimate EKMA control strategies using a new
Carbon Bond Mechanism known as the CBM-X. The
program is called Ozone Isopleth Plotting with Optional
Mechanisms/Version 3 (OZIPM-3). The program has
the capability to accept a chemical mechanism other
than the default CBM-X that is internally stored in the
program. Included with the source code are five exam-
ples of OZIPM-3 simulations. The use of the OZIPM-3
program Is described in the EPA Report 'Guidelines for
Using OZIPM-3 with CBM-X or Optional Mechanisms.'
Keywords: "Software, 'Smog, 'Ozone, 'Air pollution
control, Exhaust gases, Photochemical reactions.
Computer programs, Fortran, Nomographs, OZIPM 3
computer program, Prime 750 computers.
PB86-187796/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Characterization of Dysgonic, Heterotrophic Bac-
teria from Drinking Water. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
D. F. Spino. 1985, Bp EPA/600/ J-85/374
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v50
n5p1213-1218Nov 85.
Only a small percentage of the heterotrophic bacteria
encountered in water distribution systems are identifia-
ble because many of these organisms fail to grow on
the conventional media used for biochemical charac-
terization. Organisms that would not subculture from
the same standard plate count agar used for initial iso-
lation were successfully subcultured on a low-nutrient
medium, R3A. These cultures were then inoculated to
a modified O/F base medium containing specific sub-
strates. This, combined with a lower incubation tem-
perature (30 C), increased the enzymatic activity of
many of the organisms. These reactions established a
groundwork for tentative taxonomy.
Keywords: 'Bacteria, 'Potable water. Reprints, Drink-
ing water, 'Taxonomy, 'Water pollution control, Bioin-
dicators.
PB86-187911/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Nonpoint Sources Branch.
Final Report on the Federal/State/Local Nonpoint
Source Task Force and Recommended National
Nonpoint Source Policy. Appendix B. Agency
Strategies. Rept. for Mar 84-Jan 85.
Synectics Group, Inc., Washington, DC.
Jan 85,231 p*
Contract EPA-68-01-6629
See also PB86-187929. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Nonpoint
Sources Branch.
The Appendix presents the full text of agency imple-
mentation strategies developed by each Federal and
some State and local agencies participating on the
Federal/State/Local Nonpoint Source Task Force.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) con-
vened a Federal/State/Local Nonpoint Source Task
Force in March 1984 in recognition of the many agen-
cies involved in managing nonpoint source (NPS) pol-
lution and the need for coordination among these
agencies. The Task Force developed a recommended
National Nonpoint Source Policy and implementation
strategies to carry out the goals of the Policy. The Ap-
pendix contains copies of these implementation strate-
gies which outline agency-specific activities to be un-
dertaken in implementing the National Nonpoint
Source Policy.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'National government,
'Local government, 'State government, Government
policies, Coordination, Research program administra-
tion, Documents, Recommendations, Strategy, Non-
point sources.
PB86-187929/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Nonpoint Sources Branch.
Final Report on the Federal/State/Local Nonpoint
Source Task Force and Recommended National
Nonpoint Source Policy. Rept. for Mar 84-Jan 85,
Synectics Group, Inc., Washington, DC.
Jan 85,58p*
Contract EPA-68-01-6629
See also PB86-187911. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Nonpoint
Sources Branch.
The report summarizes the accomplishments of the
Federal/State/Local Nonpoint Source Task Force. In
recognition of the many agencies involved in manag-
ing nonpoint source (NPS) pollution and the need for
coordination among these agencies, the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) convened the Task
Force in March 1984. The Task Force developed a
recommended National Nonpoint Source Policy and
implementation strategies to carry out the goals of the
policy. The report of the Task Force provides a brief
overview of the NPS problem including defining non-
point sources and the nature and scope of the NPS
problem; it describes the steps involved in developing
and implementing the National Nonpoint Source
Policy; and it contains a copy of the recommended Na-
tional Nonpoint Source Policy and summaries of
agency implementation strategies.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'National government,
'Local government, "State government, Project plan-
ning, Management, Research projects, Government
policies, Recommendations, Research program ad-
ministration, Toxicity, Agricultural wastes, Urban areas,
Runoff, Mining, Forestry, Construction, Sediments,
Land use, Highways, "Nonpoint sources, Task forces.
PB86-188109/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Age-Dependent Changes In Gastrointestinal
Transport and Retention of Particulate Manga-
nese Oxide In the Rat Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
G. L. Rehnberg, J. F. Hein, S. D. Carter, and J. W.
Laskey. 1985,15pEPA/600/J-85/372
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health
16, p887-899 1985.
Translocation of inhaled particulates from the naso-
pharynx and upper tracheobronchial area to the gas-
trointestinal tract is a major route of exposure for parti-
cles with a mass median diameter of greater than 1
micro m. Previous studies in this laboratory with partic-
ulate Mn304 have shown that preweanling rats have
substantially higher tissue Mn concentrations than
similarly treated adults, indicating possible differences
in uptake or elimination or both. The study was con-
ducted to evaluate changes in gastrointestinal move-
ment and retention of particulate Mn304 in the
preweanling and weaned rat. 85Sr-labeled micros-
pheres were used to evaluate gastrointestinal transit
rate (TR), while particulate Mn304 was used to evalu-
ate particulate retention at selected ages. The results
show that stomach retention time in the preweanling is
at least twice that of the postweanling (90 min versus
42 min). In general, intestinal TR was not different in
any of the ages evaluated, while transit time increased
as intestinal length increased.
Keywords: 'Manganese oxide, "Gastrointestinal
system, Age, Rats, Laboratory animals, Reprints, "Par-
ticulates.
PB88-188117/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Comparison of In vitro Methods and the In vivo
Metabolism of Lindane for Assessing the Effects
of Repeated Administration of Ethanol on Hepatic
Drug Metabolism. Journal article,
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN. School of Pharmacy and
Pharmacal Sciences.
B. A. Trela, G. P. Carlson, R. W. Chadwick, and M. F.
Copeland. C1985,11 p EPA/600/J-85/368
Grant EPA-R-810825
Pub. in Toxicology Letters 29, p85-93 1985. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
In vitro methods of assessing alterations in drug me-
tabolism and the measurement of lindane metabolites
in urine were compared for their ability to determine
the influence of ethanol on drug metabolism. Ethanol
was administered to young adult female rats daily for
seven days at doses of 0.12, 0.60 and 3.0 ml/kg. No
alterations were observed in ethylmorphine demethy-
lation, hexobarbital oxidation or glucuronyltransferase.
Aniline hydroxylation was decreased at the high dose
level and aldrin epoxidation was increased at the inter-
mediate dose. In vivo only the high dose of ethanol
produced significant changes with significant in-
creases observed tor the oxidation of lindane to alco-
hol metabolites, the glucuronidation of the alcohol but
not the chlorophenol metabolites, and glutathione con-
jugation. The latter increase was also observed in
vitro. The in vivo and in vitro data suggest a minimal
effect of ethanol on drug metabolism at low levels of
administration.
Keywords: "Drugs, "Ethanol, Physiological effects, In
vitro analysis, In vivo analysis, Rats, Laboratory ani-
mals, Dosage, Reprints, Metabolites, "Lindane, Urinal-
ysis.
PB88-188125/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Comparison of In vivo and In vitro Methods for
Assessing Effects of AHyl Alcohol on the Liver.
Journal article,
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN. School of Pharmacy and
Pharmacal Sciences.
B. A. Trela, G. P. Carlson, R. W. Chadwick, and M. F.
Copeland. C1985,12p EPA/600/J-85/369
Grant EPA-R-810825
Pub. in Toxicology Letters 29, p77-84 1985. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Allyl alcohol was administered to female Fischer 344
rats at doses of 0, 3,10 and 30 mg/kg daily for 7 days.
Plasma sorbitol dehydrogenase was minimally elevat-
ed. No dose related changes were observed in hexo-
barbital oxidation, aniline hydroxylation, or ethylmor-
phine demethylation. Aldrin epoxidation was slightly
elevated. Naphthol glucuronidation and glutathione-S-
transferase activity with 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene
were increased. Results from in vivo studies on the
metabolism of lindane were in close agreement with
the in vitro measurements suggesting that daily treat-
ment for one week with allyl alcohol at doses of 3, 10
and 30 mg/kg has no significant effect on phase I
pathways, a selective effect on phase II pathways and,
under the conditions of this experiment, minimal hepa-
toxic effects in these rats.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Alcohols, "Liver, Comparison, In vivo anal-
ysis, In vitro analysis, Rats, Physiological effects, Re-
prints, "Toxic substances.
PB86-188166/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Procedures to Desorb Bacteria from
Granular Activated Carbon. Journal article,
Montana State Univ., Bozeman. Dept. of Microbiology.
A. K. Camper, M W. LeChevallier, S. C. Broadaway,
and G. A. McFeters. C1985,14p EPA/600/J-85/366
Grant EPA-R-810015
Pub. in Jnl. of Microbiological Methods 3, p187-198
1985. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research
Lab.
Physical, chemical, and enzymatic means for the de-
sorption of micro-organisms from granular activated
carbon (GAC) were assessed. Data indicate that ho-
mogenization at 16,000 rpm for 3 min at 4 C with a mix-
ture of peptone (0.01 %), Zwittergent 3-12 (times 10 to
the minus 6 power M) ethyleneglycol-bis-(Beta amino-
ethyl ether)-N,N sup 1-tetra acetic acid (EGTA times
10 to the minus 3 power M) and Tris buffer (times 10 to
the mius 1 power M, pH 7.0) was effective in desorbing
both HPC and coliform bacteria from GAC particles.
This method was also effective in removing Escheri-
chia coli from GAC. Four media were tested for their
ability to enumerate desorbed HPC bacteria. R2A
medium incubated at 18 C for 7 days provided maximal
counts.
Keywords: "Carbon, "Microorganisms, "Desorption,
Homogenization, Procedures, Evaluation, Reprints.
PB86-188174/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Disinfection of Bacteria Attached to Granular Ac-
tivated Carbon. Journal article,
Montana State Univ., Bozeman. Dept. of Microbiology.
M. W. LeChevallier, T. S. Hassenauer, A. K. Camper,
and G. A. McFeters. C1984,8p EPA/600/J-84/370
Grant EPA-R-810015
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v48
n5 p9i8-923 Nov 84. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering
Research Lao.
Heterotrophic plate count bacteria, coliform orga-
nisms, and pathogenic microorganisms attached to
granular activated carbon (GAC) particles were exam-
ined for their susceptibility to chlorine disinfection.
When these bacteria were grown on carbon particles
and then disinfected with 2.0 mg of chlorine per liter
(1.4 to 1.6 mg of free chlorine residual per liter after 1
hr) for 1 hr, no significant decrease in viable counts
was observed. Washed cells attached to the surface of
GAC particles showed similar resistance to chlorine,
but a progressive increase in sublethal injury was
found. Observations made by scanning electron micro-
scope indicated that GAC was colonized by bacteria
that grow in cracks and crevices and are coated by an
extracellular slime layer. These data suggest a possi-
ble mechanism by which treatment and disinfection
barriers can be penetrated and pathogenic bacteria
may enter drinking water supplies.
Keywords: "Microorganisms, "Disinfection, "Chlorine,
Bacteria, Carbon, Particles, Reprints, "Water pollution
control.
PB86-188182/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Clustering of Rare Events. Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Biostatis-
tics.
M J. Symons, R. C. Grimson, and Y. C. Yuan. c1983,
15p EPA/600/J-83/338
Pub in Biometrics 39, p193-205 Mar 83. Sponsored by
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
The clustering of cases of a rare disease is consid-
ered The number of events observed for each unit is
assumed to have a Poisson distribution, the mean of
which depends upon the population size and the clus-
ter membership of that unit. Here a cluster consists of
those units that are homogeneous in their rate of oc-
currence of the rare events under study. A sample of
592 Vol. 90, No. 24
units is modeled by a mixture of Poisson distributions,
one for each cluster, the mixing parameters being the
proportions of all units represented by the components
of the mixture. Maximum likelihood and Bayes ap-
proaches are employed to determine criteria for sepa-
rating a sample into groups of units with homogeneous
rates. A likelihood ratio test for the significance of a
two-component mixture is presented as an example.
The performance of the criteria is illustrated with data
on the spatial occurrence of sudden infant deaths
(SIDs) in North Carolina counties over a four-year
period. The results suggest that the practice of dividing
the counties into high- and low-risk categories on the
basis of the ordered rates alone should be questioned.
Tests based upon combinatorial methods are also pre-
sented to examine the significance of the number of
contiguous counties among those with high rates.
Keywords: "Diseases, "Statistical decision theory,
Poisson density functions, Reprints, "Rare diseases.
PB86-188190/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Filter Plant Design for Asbestos Fiber Removal.
Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
G. S. Logsdon, G. L. Evavold, J. L. Patton, and J.
Watkins. C1983,18p EPA/600/J-83/337
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Engineering, v109 n4
p900-914 Aug 83. Prepared in cooperation with
RREM, Inc., Duluth, MN., Black and Veatch, Kansas
City, MO., and Gray and Osborne, Tacoma, WA.
Water filtration plants used to remove asbestos fibers
should be designed to produce filtered water with very
low turbidity (0.10 ntu or lower). Flexibility in plant oper-
ation, especially with respect to conditioning raw water
for filtration, is a key design factor. Preconditioning and
filtration should be interdependent portions of the ca-
larification process. Water quality monitoring is very
important; careful control of pH is needed during coa-
gualation; filtered water turbidity should be monitored
continuously so filters can be backwashed before
large amounts of floe and asbestos fibers are dis-
charged from the filter into the treated water. Design
data and treatment results are also presented.
Keywords: "Filtration, "Asbestos, "Water treatment.
Design, Removal. Monitoring, Natural fibers, Pilot
plants, Turbidity, Lake Superior, Cascade Mountains,
pH, Alums, Polymers, Mixing, Sodium carbonates,
Flow diagrams, Reprints, Raw water, Water filtration
plants.
PB86-188208/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Basis of the Insensitivitv of 'Salmonella typhlmur-
lum' Strain TA98/1.8-DNP6 to the Mutagenic
Action of Nltroarenes. Journal article,
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH.
E. C. McCoy, M. Anders, and H. S. Rosenkranz. C1983,
9p EPA/600/J-83/336
Grant EPA-R-809231
Pub. in Mutation Research 121, p17-23 1983. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Salmonella typhimurium tester strain TA98/1.8-DNP6
is resistant to the mutagenicity of 1,8-dinitropyrene be-
cause it lacks an esterification enzyme which is
needed for the formation of the ultimate mutagen, pre-
sumably the corresponding hydroxamic acid ester.
This enzyme does not appear to be required for the ac-
tivation of all nitroarenes and arylamines, as some of
these are fully active in TA98/1,8-DNP. It is suggested
that these form electrophilic arylnitrenium ions non-en-
zymatically from nitroso- and N-hydroxylamino-arenes
intermediates. The esterification enzyme appears to
be a transacetylase. An assay using 2-aminofluorene
as the acetyl acceptor is described. Derivatives of S.
typhimurium TA100 also lacking this enzyme were ob-
tained by Tn5-mediated mutagenesis.
Keywords: "Bacteria, "Toxicology, Enzymes, Reprints,
Salmonella typhimurium, "Nitroarenes, "Mutagenesis.
PB86-188216/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Carcinogenic N-Hydroxylaminopurine Derivatives
Do Not Act as Base Analog Mutagens in 'Salmo-
nella typhimurium'. Journal article,
Case western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH.
M. McCartney, E. C. McCoy, H. S. Rosenkranz, and A.
Giner-Sorolla. c1985,10p EPA/600/J-85/367
Grant EPA-R-809231
Pub. in Mutation Research 144, p231-237 1985. Pre-
pared in cooperation with University of South Florida,
Tampa. Coll. of Medicine. Sponsored by Health Effects
Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
N-hydroxylaminopurines are highly mutagenic for
growing as well as resting Salmonella typhimurium
strain TA100 and to a lesser extent for strain TA98.
Aminopurines, under similar conditions, are not muta-
genic. N-methylhydroxylaminopurine, under similar
conditions, exhibits only minimal activity. The results
are taken to indicate that unlike non-hydroxylated
aminopurines, N-hydroxylaminopurines exert their mu-
tagenicity not by acting as base analogs but by direct
covalent binding with DNA-guanine.
Keywords: "Bacteria, "Toxicology, Mutagens, Re-
prints, "Carcinogenesis, Salmonella typhimurium,
Aminopurine/hydroxyl.
PB86-188224/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
In|ured Conforms In Drinking Water. Journal article,
Montana State Univ., Bozeman. Dept. of Microbiology.
G. A. McFeters, J. S. Kippin, and M. W. LeChevallier.
C1986, 7p EPA/600/J-86/020
Grant EPA-R-807092
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v51
n1 p1-5 Jan 86. Prepared in cooperation with Salem
and Beverly Water Supply Board, Beverly, MA. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati,
OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Coliforms were enumerated by using m-Endo agar
LES and m-T7 agar in 102 routine samples of drinking
water from three New England community water sys-
tems to investigate the occurrence and significance of
injured coliforms. Samples included water collected
immediately after conventional treatment, during the
backwash cycle, at various points in the distribution
system, and 1 week after the break and subsequent
repair of a distribution main. Injured coliforms in tnese
samples averaged >95%. m-T7 agar yielded 8- to 38-
fold more coliforms than did m-Endo agar LES. (Copy-
right (c) 1986, American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: "Coliform bacteria, "Water distribution,
"Distribution systems, "Potable water, Injuries, Regu-
lations, Indicator species, Mortality, Chlorine, Biocides,
Exposure, Stresses, Metals, Copper, Zinc, Tempera-
ture, pH, Sampling, Culture media, Reprints, Drinking
water, Waterborne diseases, New England.
PB86-188703/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Predicting and Evaluating the Effects of Acidic
Precipitation on Water Chemistry and Endemic
Fish Populations In the Northeastern United
States. Final rept.,
Columbia National Fisheries Research Lab., MO.
T. A. Haines, S. J. Pauwels, and C. H. Jagoe. Apr 86
154p BIOLOGICAL-80(40.23), AIR POLLUTION AND
ACID RAIN-23
Prepared in cooperation with Maine Univ. at Orono.
Dept. of Zoology. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmen-
tal Research Lab., OR.
The study was conducted to assess the status of fish
populations of 22 lakes in Maine representing a range
of chemical conditions related to acidity. All The lakes
were in undisturbed watersheds. Lakes were selected
that occurred in bedrock of high acid neutralizing ca-
pacity (ANC) and low ANC. In addition to assessing
water chemistry and fish populations of each lake,
trace element concentration, bone strength and com-
position, and gill histological parameters were studied.
Keywords: "Acidification, "Fresh water fishes, "Lakes
"Maine, Neutralizing, Watersheds, Metals, Trace ele-
ments, Spatial distribution, Abundance, Cadmuim
Lead(Metal), Mercury(Metal), Water chemistry, As^
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-189446/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Unit Operations Approach in Exposure/Release
Evaluation for New Chemicals,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
K. F. Wong, and M. L. Apel. Apr 86,11 p EPA/600/D-
86/089
Recognizing the potential problems associated with
the proliferation of new chemicals, Congress passed
the Toxic Substances Control Act (PL94-469) (TSCA)
in 1976. The Act establishes EPA's authority to regu-
late, if necessary, all commercial chemicals before
they are commercialized. Effective July 1, 1979, sec-
tion 5 of TSCA requires persons to notify EPA through
the submission of a Premanufacturing Notice (PMN) at
least ninety days before the manufacture or import of a
chemical not on the 'Inventory' of existing chemical
substances. Since a new 'PMN chemical' has not been
commercialized, potential exposures and releases re-
sulting from the manufacture, processing and/or use
of the chemical must be estimated based on minimum
data. The concept of 'unit operations' has been pro-
posed for the evaluation of such potentials. Predictive
models are being developed to identify possible
sources of chemical releases and points of potential
worker exposure from several unit operations. Input
variables for these models include the physical proper-
ties of the chemical substance and the operational
specifications of the unit operation.
Keywords: Chemical engineering, Chemical com-
pounds, Exposure, Toxicity, Inspection, Hazardous
materials, Industrial hygiene, Respiration, Toxic sub-
stances control act, 'Toxic substances, Occupational
safety and health.
PB86-190030/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Surface Mine Reclamation at the Elkins Mine
Drainage Demonstration Project After 17 Years,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
R. D. Hill, and W. E. Grube. Apr 86,9p EPA/600/D-86/
081
In 1968 approximately 640 acres of land disturbed by
coal mining were reclaimed and revegetated. The re-
vegetation approach included the use of lime and fertil-
izer followed by seeding with a grass/legume mixture.
In the steeper areas pine trees were also planted. In
areas designated for forest planting, a mixture of pines
and deciduous trees was utilized. The revegetated
areas were evaluated in 1971, 1973, 1976, 1984, and
1985. The paper discusses the results of the latter two
evaluations.
Keywords: 'Surface mining, 'Coal mining, 'Land rec-
lamation, Vegetation, Fertilizers, Seeds, Slopes, Pine
trees, Oak trees. Ecological succession. Leguminous
plants, Soils, pH, West Virginia, ELKINS Mine.
PB86-190048/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Characterization of Organic Emissions from Se-
lected Materials In Indoor Use,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
B. A. Tichenor, and M. A. Mason. Apr 86,17p EPA/
600/D-86/088
Contract EPA-68-02-3988
Prepared in cooperation with Acurex Corp., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
The paper provides data from small-chamber testing
of a latex caulk and a floor adhesive, as part of EPA's
ongoing evaluation of organic emissions from indoor
materials. Among the conclusions drawn from present-
ed data are: (1) low air exchange rates promote high
concentrations of organic vapors emitted from indoor
sources. (2) high air exchange rates promote rapid va-
porization of organics, leading to high emission factors
in the initial testing phase; (3) cumulative mass emis-
sions at the end of the testing period are approximately
equal for all air exchange rates; and (4) organic emis-
sions for different materials vary widely. Further re-
search could provide additional valuable information,
including identifying critical parameters affecting
chamber emissions for a variety of building materials
and consumer products. Research is underway to de-
termine how changes in temperature and humidity
affect organic emissions. Efforts continue to improve
upon available models for relating chamber test condi-
tions to emissions.
Keywords: 'Residential buildings, 'Latex, 'Caulking,
Emissions, Adhesives, Organic compounds, 'Air pollu-
tion control, 'Indoor air pollution.
PB86-190055/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Drinking Water Distribution System Reliability: A
Case Study,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research Div.
J. A. Goodrich. Apr 86,12p EPA/600/D-86/087
The purpose of the study was to present a tool useful
to water utilities that not only could analyze historical
distribution system reliability data, but also provide a
flexible and expandable mechanism for record-keep-
ing enabling overall management of water work's fa-
cilities and resources. The objectives of the research
were to: (1) assess the resources necessary to utilize
microcomputers in the application, (2) compare and
contrast results with those of a previous study that only
analyzed large transmission mains, and (3) evaluate
the relevance of only analyzing a sample of a large util-
ity compared to the time and cost necessary to study
the entire network.
Keywords: 'Distribution systems, 'Water distribution,
History, Reliability, Computers, Maintenance, Assess-
ments, Drinking water, Case studies, Microcomputers.
PB86-190063/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Abiotic Transformation of Organic Chemicals at
the Particle/Water Interface,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
R. G. Zepp, and N. L. Wolfe. Apr 86, 52p EPA/600/D-
86/086
Heterogeneous reactions are important contributors to
the transformation of organic chemicals in the environ-
ment and are increasingly being used in the treatment
of polluted water. Kinetic models are presented here
that describe selected environmentally relevant ther-
mal and photochemical reactions in particle/water
systems, including reactions in approximately equili-
brated heterogeneous systems and in systems involv-
ing reactive site saturation. The effects of slow inter-
site diffusion on heterogeneous reactions are dis-
cussed as are recent models that describe the kinetics
of such processes. To illustrate the application of the
kinetic models, examples are provided of kinetic treat-
ments of thermal and photochemical reactions involv-
ing organic chemicals in aqueous suspensions of sedi-
ments, metal oxides, or algae. Thermal reactions that
are discussed include the hydrolysis of sorbed organic
chemicals and the reduction of organic compounds in
anaerobic sediments.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Organic com-
pounds, Hydrolysis, Models, Sorption, Degradation,
Sediments, Kinetic models, Path of pollutants.
PB86-190071/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Methodology for Designing Air Quality Monitoring
Networks: 2. Application to Las Vegas, Nevada,
for Carbon Monoxide. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J. L. McElroy, J. V. Behar, T. C. Meyers, and M. K. Liu.
1986, 25p EPA/600/J-86/036
Pub. in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 6,
p13-34 Jan 86. Prepared in cooperation with Systems
Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
An objective methodology presented in a companion
paper (Liu et al., 1986) for determining the optimum
number and disposition of ambient air quality stations
in a monitoring network for carbon monoxide is applied
to the Las Vegas, Nevada, area. The methodology uti-
lizes an air quality simulation model to produce tempo-
rally-varying air quality patterns for each of a limited
number of meteorological scenarios representative of
the region of interest.These air quality patterns in turn
serve as the data base in a two-step procedure for the
identification and ranking of the most desirable moni-
toring locations (step 1) and the removal of redundan-
cies in spatial coverage among the desired locations
(step 2).
Keywords: 'Carbon monoxide, Design, Methodology,
Nevada, Models, Reprints, 'Air pollution monitoring,
Air samplers, Las Vegas(Nevada).
PB86-190089/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Methodology for Designing Air Quality Monitoring
Networks. 1. Theoretical Aspects. Journal article,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
M. K. Liu, J. Avrin, R. I. Pollack, J. V. Behar, and J. L.
McElroy. C1986,13p EPA/600/J-86/035
Contract EPA-68-03-2446
Pub. in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 6,
p1 -11 Jan 86. Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring
Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
An objective methodology is presented for determining
the number and disposition of ambient air quality sta-
tions in a monitoring network for the primary purpose
of compliance with air quality standards. The method-
ology utilizes a data base with real or simulated data
from an air quality dispersion model for application with
a two-step process for ascertaining the optimal moni-
toring network. In the first step, the air quality patterns
in the data base are collapsed into a single composite
pattern through a figure-of-merit (FOM) concept. The
most desirable locations are ranked and identified
using the resultant FOM fields. In the second step the
network configuration is determined on the basis of the
concept of spheres of influence (SOI) developed from
cutoff values of spatial correlation coefficients be-
tween potential monitoring sites and adjacent loca-
tions. The minimum number of required stations is then
determined by deletion of lower-ranked stations
whose SOI's overlap. The criteria can be set to provide
coverage of less than some fixed, user-provided per-
centage of the coverage of the SOI's of the higher
ranked stations and for some desired level of minimum
detection capability of concentration fluctuations.
Keywords: 'Air quality, 'Networks, Standards, Data
base, Surveillance, Reprints, Monitoring.
PB86-190097/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Mass Spectrometry Quantification of Polychlori-
nated Blphenyl Congeners Using Multiple Carbon-
13 Internal Standards. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
F. L. Shore, J. D. Martin, and L. R. Williams. C1986.8p
EPA/600/J-86/034
Pub. in Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, v13 n1 p15-19
Jan 86. Prepared in cooperation with Lockheed Engi-
neering and Management Services Co., Inc., Las
Vegas, NV.
Multiple carbon-13 internal standards improve the pre-
cision and accuracy of the mass spectrometry analy-
sis of polychtorinatedbiphenyl (PCB) congeners com-
pared to analyses using a single carbon-13 internal
standard. The mean percentage error in PCB conge-
ner analysis on the micrograms g-1 level using multiple
ion detection and three carbon-13 internal standards
was 6.29 percent. This precision in single laboratory
work suggests that the method will be useful for inter-
laboratory studies monitoring PCB residues and con-
taminants of public health significance.
Keywords'. 'Synthesis(Chemistry), "Spectrochemical
analysis, Chlorine organic compounds, Standards,
Mass spectrometry, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls.
PB86-190105/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Dust Control at Hazardous Waste Sites. Hand-
book,
PEI Associates, Inc., Golden, CO.
K. D. Rosbury. Nov 85,99p EPA/540/2-85/003
Contract EPA-68-02-3512
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Spills, waste disposal, and various industrial oper-
ations can result in the contamination of land surfaces
with toxic chemicals. Soil particles from these areas
can be entrained into the air, transported offsite via the
wind, and result in human exposure by direct inhala-
tion. Indirect exposure could result if particulates are
deposited in agricultural fields, pastures, or waterways
and enter the human food chain. The purpose of the
handbook is to assist hazardous waste site managers
in: Identifying sources of fugitive dust; Controlling fugi-
tive dust.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Dust control,
Waste disposal, Exposure, Soils, Particle size, Agricul-
ture, Farms, Wind erosion, Organic compounds, Toxic-
ity, Safety, Vechicles, Emission, Spills, Fugitive dust.
PB86-190113/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Improved Technique for Monitoring Electrocar-
diograms during Exposure to Radio-Frequency
Radiation. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
W. P. Watkinson, and C. J. Gordon. 1986,7p EPA/
600/J-86/033
Pub. in American Jnl. of Physiology: Heart and Circula-
tory Physiology 19, n2 pH320-H324 Feb 86.
Studies were conducted which examined the effects of
radio frequency (RF) radiation on heart rate (HR), deep
body temperature (TEMP), and electrocardiographic
(ECG) waveform parameters in anesthetized rats. One
group of animals was exposed to two power levels of
continuous wave RF radiation averaging 1.0 and 7.4
W/kg at a frequency of 600 MHz. A second group of
animals, treated identically but not exposed to RF radi-
ation, served as a control. The electrodes used to
monitor the ECG during RF exposure were fabricated
using carbon-loaded Teflon wire, a semi-conductor
material that does not perturb the RF field. Analyses of
the ECG were conducted using a recently developed
computer-assisted procedure which quantitates HR
and waveform intervals over 25-40 individual ECG
complexes. There were no artifacts or arrhythmias in
the ECGs of the animals exposed to RF radiation.
There was a significant linear correlation between HR
and TEMP in the RF-exposed group which was not
present in the control group.
Keywords: "Radiation effects, "Body temperature,
"Electrocardiography, "Heart, Rats, Laboratory ani-
mals, Reprints.
PB86-190121/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Metabolism of 1-Nitropyrene by Cultured Rabbit
Alveolar Macrophages and Respiratory Tract Tis-
sues. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. C. King, L. M. Ball, M. Jackson, J. P. Inmon, and J.
Lewtas. C1986,11 p EPA/600/J-86/032
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 82, n2
p292-300 Feb 86. Prepared in cooperation with Nor-
throp Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The metabolism of 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) was studied in
cultured rabbit alveolar macrophages and respiratory
tissues from both lung and trachea. Metabolites from
the incubation medium and from the macrophages and
respiratory tissues were isolated and quantitated by
HPLC. The following metabolites were isolated and
quantitated: 1-nitro-pyrene-4,5-or-9,10-dihydrodiol (K-
DHD), N-acetyl-1-aminopyrene (NAAP), 1-aminopyr-
ene (1-AMP), 10-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene (10-OH-1-NP),
4-,5-,6-,8- or 9-monohydroxy-1-nitropyrene (phenols),
and 3-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene (3-OH-1-NP). The total
percentage of 1-NP metabolism was significantly
greater in the lung and tracheal tissue (28.0 to 23.0%
of the recovered 14C, respectively) compared to the
alveolar macrophages (6.3%). The tracheal tissue was
found to have the highest activity both in 1 -NP metabo-
lism and intracellular metabolite concentration. A
major portion of the 1-NP metabolites produced were
released into the Incubation medium.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Metabolism, Macrophages,
Tissues(Biology), Reprints, "Nitropyrene, Metabolites.
PB86-190139/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Improved Flotation Technique for Microscopy of
'In situ' Soil and Sediment Microorganisms. Jour-
nal article,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Dept. of Biological
Science.
T. L. Bone, and D. L. Balkwill. c1986,9p EPA/600/J-
86/031
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v51
n3 p462-468 Mar 86. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr En-
vironmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
An improved flotation method for microscopical exami-
nation of in situ soil and sediment microorganisms was
developed. Microbial cells were released into gel-like
flotation films that were stripped from soil and sedi-
ment aggregates as these aggregates were sub-
merged in 0.5% solutions of poly-vinylpryrrolidone
(PVP). The use of PVP solutions instead of water facili-
tated the release of films from saturated samples like
aquifer sediments, as well as from typical surface soils.
In situ microbial morphological characteristics could
then be sun/eyed rapidly by light microscopical exami-
nation of films stained with acridine orange. The
method effectively determined the range of morpho-
logical diversity in a variety of sample types. (Copyright
(c) 1986, American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: "Flotation, "Sediments, "Microorganisms,
"Aquifers, Tests, Electron microscopy, Saturated soils,
Morphology, Sampling, Cells(Biology), Viability, Popu-
lations, Growth, Recovery, Reprints, Species diversity.
PB86-190162/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Microsporidian Taxonomy: Application of Electro-
phoretlc and Immunological Techniques,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. Y. Kawanishi. Apr 86, 8p EPA/600/D-86/090
A review of investigations utilizing electrophoretic and
immunological methods for identification and classifi-
cation of microsporidians, the group to which the first
protozoan microbial pesticide belongs, indicate that
these methods can be successfully used to classify
strains and closely related species. Certain immunolo-
gical methods are also useful for genera and families.
The limitations and phylogenetic range of usefulness
of other methods are discussed and suggestions
made about future studies with Microsporida.
Keywords: Electrophoresis, Immunology, "Taxonomy,
"Microsporidia.
PB86-190188/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Sequential Dehalogenation of Chlorinated Eth-
enes. Journal article,
Florida International Univ., Miami. Drinking Water Re-
search Center.
G. Barrio-Lage, F. Z. Parsons, R. S. Nassar, and P. A.
Lorenzo. C1986,6p EPA/600/J-86/030
Grant EPA-R-809994
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v20
n1 p96-99 Jan 86. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
Reductive dehalogenation of tetra- and tri-chloroeth-
ene to cis- and trans-1,2-dichloroethene in microcoms
simulating ground water environment has previously
been demonstrated. In the study, anoxic microcosms
containing organic sediment and water were spiked to
contain 5 mg/L of one of the following compounds:
1,1-dichloroethene (1,1-DCE), cis-1,2-dichloroethene
(CIS), or trans-1,2-dichloroethene (TRANS). After in-
cubation in the dark at 25 deg C for up to six months,
contents were analyzed by gas chromatography, and
verified by GC/MS in an attempt to identify sequential
steps in the transformation process. Vinyl chloride
(VC) was produced after 1 to 2 weeks of incubation in
all spiked microcosms, but none was observed in ster-
ile and unspiked controls. Chloroethane (CE) was pro-
duced only in microcosms spiked with CIS, indicating
isomer specificity and the occurrence of mechanisms
other than reductive dechlorination. Kinetics param-
eters associated with the microbial dehalogenation of
1,1 -DCE, CIS, and TRANS were calculated.
Keywords: Chemical reactions, Chromatographic anal-
ysis, Reduction(Chemistry), Ground water, Vinyl chlo-
ride, Reprints, "Ethylene/dichloro, "Microcosms, "De-
halogenation, Chemical reaction kinetics.
PB86-190196/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Simplified Analysis of Two-Well Tracer Tests in
Stratified Aquifers. Journal article,
Auburn Univ., AL. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
O. Gueven, R. W. Falta, F. J. Molz, and J. G. Melville.
Feb 86,11p EPA/600/J-86/029
Pub. in Ground Water, v24 n1 p63-71 Jan/Feb 86.
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
The paper illustrates several interesting effects of aq-
uifer stratification on the results of two-well tracer tests
by means of a simplified computer model. In the
model, it is assumed that the aquifer is horizontal, con-
fined, of constant thickness and porosity, and perfectly
stratified in the vicinity of the test wells. The non-uni-
form advection pattern is taken into account in detail
by the model, but the local hydrodynamic dispersion is
completely neglected. The simplified model has been
verified in part by comparisons with available analytical
solutions valid for homogeneous aquifers and in part
by comparisons with the results of a two-well field ex-
periment of Pickens and Grisak (1981a) which was
performed in a locally stratified aquifer. The applica-
tions of the model to several field situations with as-
sumed values of the relevant parameters show that
the concentration versus time breakthrough curve
measured at the withdrawal well during a standard
two-well test would be very sensitive to variations of
the hydraulic conductivity in the vertical.
Keywords: "Aquifers, "Stratification, Water wells,
Tracer studies, Mathematical models, Thickness, Hy-
drodynamics, Dispersing, Field tests, Hydraulic con-
ductivity, Reprints.
PB86-190204/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Comparison of Working Level Ratios in Houses
Occupied by Smokers and Non-Smokers,
Office of Radiation Programs-Las Vegas Facility, NV.
R. J. Lyon, F. Au, and J. M. Hans. Apr 86, 27p EPA/
520/6-86/006
The equilibrium ratios of measured radon concentra-
tions and working levels in sixty-eight homes in Butte,
Montana, were cataloged according to smokers and
non-smokers in each home. The ratios were statistical-
ly evaluated to determine if there were differences in
the average of the ratios depending on the number of
smokers in the homes. The equilibrium ratio was
higher in homes with smokers compared to homes
with no smokers. This ratio was independent of the
number of people smoking within the home.
Keywords: "Smoking, "Radon, "Residential buildings.
"Air pollution, Concentration(Composition), Compari-
son, Ratios, Indoor air pollution, Butte(Montana).
PB86-190238/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Application of Modeling and Operations Research
Techniques to Drinking Water Systems,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research Div.
R. M. Clark, and J. Q. Adams. Apr 86,47p EPA/600/D-
86/080
Mathematical modeling and operations research tech-
niques are used to optimize the various subsystems
that make up the total urban water system. An exam-
ple is given using branch and bound techniques for lo-
cating granular activated carbon regeneration sites
and for defining optimal regional configurations. The
results of the analysis indicate that regional facilities
can provide a least-cost solution for small water utili-
ties faced with the need to reactivate carbon.
Keywords: "Distribution systems, "Water distribution,
"Urban areas, Water supply, Water treatment, Trans-
portation, Mathematical models, Operations research.
Cost effectiveness, Drinking water.
PB86-190248/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Practical Guide - Trial Burns for Haxardous Waste
Incinerators. Final rept. 1984-85,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
P. Gorman, R. Hathaway, D. Wallace, and A.
Trenholm. Apr 86, 75p EPA/600/2-86/050
Contract EPA-68-03-3149
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The manual concentrates on those aspects of a trial
burn that are the most important and those that are po-
tentially troublesome. The manual contains practical
explanations based on experience of Midwest Re-
search Institute (MRI) and others in conducting trial
burns and related tests for EPA. It includes the com-
ments of several industrial plant owners and opera-
tors. It is directed mainly to incinerator operators
those who may conduct the actual sampling and analy-
sis, and those who must interpret trial burn results. It
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
will also be useful for regulatory personnel and others
that need to understand trial burns. Potential trouble
spots that have been encountered are: (1) trial burns
frequently take more time and effort than an operator
anticipates; and (2) failure to meet the trial burn re-
quirements.
Keywords: 'Incinerators, "Hazardous materials, Per-
formance, Cost analysis, Feasibility, 'Solid waste dis-
posal, Air pollution control, Sampling.
PB86-190287/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Meeting Atmospheric Modeling Requirements (or
Utility Data,
Hengel Associates, Rapid City, SD.
E. H. Pechan, J. H. Wilson, K. K. Graves, and J. D.
Mobley. Apr 86, 23p EPA/600/D-86/091
Contract EPA-68-02-4070
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper examines emission inventory data available
for the utility industry and determines how well the data
meet atmospheric modeling requirements. Utilities are
important from the perspective of their contribution to
total S02 and NO* emissions, and also because data
reporting requirements for utility plants allow consist-
ent emission estimates to be made for each U.S. facili-
ty. It was found that publicly available data on utilities
can be used to estimate plant and unit level emissions
by month using consistent methods. Needs for data for
time periods of less than a month (weekly, daily,
hourly) are more difficult and costly to meet. Continous
emission monitoring data hold promise for providing
emissions information for time periods as short as 1
hour, but these instruments are in place at a limited
number of units. Hourly emissions for non-monitored
units would have to be estimated using rough approxi-
mations; e.g, seasonal hourly load profiles. If it is im-
portant for modelers to know that utility units were not
operating for a day or a week during a certain period,
special studies will have to be instituted to collect the
information.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Air pollution con-
trol, Standards, Emission, Inventories, "Utilities, Air
quality, Pollution control.
PB86-190295/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Development of the NAPAP (National Acid Pre-
cipitation Assessment Program) Emissions Inven-
tory to Support Applications of the Eulerlan Re-
gional Acid Deposition Model,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA.
F. M. Sellars, and J. D. Mobley. Apr 86,19p EPA/600/
D-86/092
Contract EPA-68-02-3997
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper describes the processes and data sources
used to develop temporal, spatial, and species alloca-
tion factors for the National Acid Precipitation Assess-
ment Program (NAPAP). NAPAP has charged its task
group on Emissions and Controls with the develop-
ment of inventories of acid rain precursor emissions
from anthropogenic sources. To support applications
of the Eulerian Regional Acid Deposition Model
(RADM), the 1980 NAPAP Annual Emissions Inventory
was further resolved. Temporal allocation of annual
emissions to hourly emissions estimates for a typical
weekday, Saturday, and Sunday in each season; spa-
tial allocation of county-level area source and minor
point source emissions to 63,000 20 x 20 km grid cells;
and species allocation of NOx to NO and N02, TSP to
alkalinity classes, and VOC to 29 photochemical reac-
tivity classes were performed.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Mathematical models, Me-
teorology, Sources, Transport properties, Atmospheric
chemistry, "Euler method, 'Acid rain.
PB86-190303/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Research
on Indoor Air Quality,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
W. G. Tucker. Apr 86, 15p EPA/600/D-86/093
The paper discusses EPA's research program on
indoor air quality. Now in its third year, it is a broad-
based program that includes: field surveys of pollutant
concentrations in homes, characterization of emis-
sions from sources, health studies of genotoxic and ir-
ritant/neurobehavioral effects, and a limited amount of
research and development of indoor air quality con-
trols. The primary emphasis in all areas is on organic
compounds, except for controls, where emphasis is on
particles (although even there the orientation is partly
organic, since indoor air respirable particles are mostly
organic condensation aerosols). The area of greatest
overall emphasis has been on a national field survey of
air quality in homes. The field survey will obtain distri-
butions of exposure estimates to indoor and outdoor
air pollutants. It will help confirm whether indoor con-
centrations are in fact much higher than outdoor con-
centrations, as suggested by several small field stud-
ies that have been done to date. Research on indoor
sources, health effects, and indoor air quality controls
will continue to be significant components of the pro-
gram. In addition, EPA's basic programs in air pollution
research are likely to be increasingly influenced by
indoor air quality concerns.
Keywords: "Residential buildings, "Environmental sur-
veys,	Organic	compounds,
Concentration(Composition), Particles, Emissions,
Toxicity, "Air pollution control, "Indoor air pollution,
Particulates.
PB86-190337/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Evaluation of the Oil Spill Risk Analysis as Pre-
sented in St. George Basin Sale 89 EIS.
Jones and Stokes Associates, Inc., Bellevue, WA.
31 May 85,102p EPA/910/9-86/142
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seat-
tle, WA. Region X.
The report describes and evaluates the current ap-
proach to the oil spill risk analysis as conducted for St.
George Basin Sale 89. An oil spill trajectory analysis
(OTSA) model was developed for the U.S. Minerals
Management Service to calculate the risk of oil spills
damaging environmentally sensitive resources. The
purpose of the report is to review the Minerals Man-
agement Service oil spill risk analysis as presented in
the Lease Sale 89 EIS.
Keywords: 'Crude oil, 'Water pollution, "Saint George
Basin, Leasing, Risk, Trajectories, Damage, Environ-
mental impacts, Ocean currents, Pipelines, Tanker
ships, Bering Sea, Circulation, Air water interaction,
Buoys, Exposure, "Oil spills.
PB86-190444/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Technical Manual: Hood System Capture of Proc-
ess Fugitive Particulate Emissions. Final rept. Sep
83-Sep 85,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
E. R. Kashdan, D. W. Coy, J. J. Spivey, T. Cesta, and
H. D. Goodfeilow. Apr 86,183p EPA/600/7-86/016
Contract EPA-68-02-3953
Prepared in cooperation with Hatch Associates Ltd.,
Toronto (Ontario). Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The manual provides to regulatory officials-charged
with the responsibility of reviewing hood systems for
capture of process fugitive emissions-with a reference
guide on the design and evaluation of hood systems.
Engineering analyses of the most important hood
types are presented. In particular, consideration is
given to design methods for local and remote capture
of buoyant sources, and enclosures for buoyant and
intertial sources. A unique collection of case studies of
actual or representative hood systems has been in-
cluded to provide insight into the evaluation of existing
systems or the design of a planned system.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Particles,
Manuals, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Aer-
osols, Leakage, Standards, 'Fugitive emissions
"Hood systems.
PB86-190972/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Sulfide Precipitation of Nickel and Other Heavy
Metals from Single- and Multi-Metal Systems. Final
rept.,
Kentucky Univ., Lexington. Dept. of Chemical Engi-
neering.
D. Bhattacharyya, and L. F. Chen. Apr 86,11 ip EPA/
600/2-86/051
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Precipitation behavior of heavy metals (Ni, Co, Cd, Cu,
and Zn) was studied extensively in single- and multi-
metal systems. Kinetic studies snowed that NiS oxida-
tion (as a function of pH, oxygen, and reaction time)
caused the dissolution of NiS. CoS precipitation would
require high pH, short detention times, or closed reac-
tors (under N2 atmosphere). In the multi-metal sys-
tems without nickel, CdS and ZnS precipitation were
the same as in their single-metal systems; however,
the precipitations were affected in nickel, CdS and ZnS
precipitation were the same as in their single-metal
systems; however, the precipitations were affected in
nickel-containing systems because of NiS oxidation.
Results of CdS precipitation from multi-metal systems
(with or without nickel) were substantially better than
the single-metal case.
Keywords: "Precipitation(Chemistry), "Sulfidization,
"Water pollution control, Inorganic sulfides, Metals, In-
organic compounds, Industrial waste treatment,
Chemical reactions, Nickel, Cobalt, Cadmium, Copper,
Zinc, "Heavy metals, Chemical reaction kinetics.
PB88-191061/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
National Dloxin Study Tier 4 - Combustion
Sources: Quality Assurance Evaluation. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. V. Crume. Jan 86, 78p EPA/450/4-84/014F
Contracts EPA-68-03-3149, EPA-68-02-3992
See also PB86-109501. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The document describes the quality assurance activi-
ties performed by Research Triangle Institute in sup-
port of Tier 4 of EPA's National Dioxin Study. Present-
ed are the results from several technical systems
audits, performance evaluation audits, and the review
of relevant documentation. Conclusions are presented
regarding the quality of data likely to be generated by
the test program.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Quality assurance,
"Chemical analysis, Combustion products, Sources,
Sampling, Sites, Laboratory equipment,
"Dioxin(Herbicides), "Air pollution detection, "Diben-
zodioxin/tetrachloro, "Air pollution sampling, CAS
51207-31-9, Procedures.
PB86-191129/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Toxicity Evaluation of Lower Fox River Water and
Sediments,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
G. J. Lien, K. E. Biesinger, L. E. Anderson, E. N.
Leonard, and M. A. Gibbons. Mar 86,38p EPA/600/3-
86/008
Many persistent, xenobiotic compounds have been
identified from Lower Fox River water, biota, sediment,
and effluent discharges; some of which are suspected
of causing adverse effects to aquatic organisms.
Water ana sediment were collected as grab samples
from the Lower Fox River in late January, in mid-
March, and in late April, 1985. Samples were trans-
ported to the Environmental Research Laboratory-
Duluth (ERL-D) and a determination of their potential
toxicity was accomplished through laboratory bioas-
says using four freshwater invertebrates and one
freshwater vertebrate.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Aquatic animals, "Invertebrates,
"Water pollution, "Fox River, Sediments, Bioassay,
Mortality, Evaluation, Tests, Fresh water,
Tables(Data), Xenobiotic compounds.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-191202/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Analysis of Chemistry Mechanisms and Photo-
chemical Dispersion Models for Use in Simulating
Methanol Photochemistry. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
H. Balentine, C. Beskid, L. Edwards, R. Klausmeier,
and S. Langevin. Sep 85,164p EPA/460/3-85/008
Contract EPA-68-02-3889
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Ann
Arbor, Ml. Emission Control Technology Div.
The report reviews available chemistry mechanisms
and photochemical models and recommends the most
appropriate chemistry mechanism and model for as-
sessing the photochemistry of emissions from metha-
nol-fueled vehicles. A sensitivity analysis is also per-
formed using the most promising chemistry mecha-
nisms to aid in making the recommendation.
Keywords: 'Alcohol fuels, "Methanol, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, Air pollution, Photochemical reactions, Models,
Ozone.
PB86-191376/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Indoor Air Pollution Source Database. Rept. for
Aug 85-Feb 86,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. M. Crum. Apr 86,11 p EPA/600/D-86/082
The paper, directed to individuals interested in indoor
air pollution, is an introduction to, and directions for the
use of, the indoor air pollution source data-base (also
known as the indoor air source emissions database).
The database is a computerized system containing
source characterization studies done in the U.S. and
abroad. It addresses the entire range of indoor air
sources: combustion, material, and activity sources. It
provides ready access to such information as: emis-
sion factors determined for each of the pollutants and
sources tested, data about the test facility, conditions
of the experiment, sampling and analytical data, and
an abstract of each publication. The program also in-
cludes options for researchers carrying out their own
source characterization studies, allowing them to add
their own data to the database and to arrange the data
in a format suitable for searching. The data-base is
currently available in a dBase III version or a Clipper
compiled version.
Keywords: "Data bases, 'Information systems, 'Resi-
dential buildings, Foreign countries, Sampling, Analyz-
ing, "Indoor air pollution, Stationary sources, Air pollu-
tion control.
PB86-191384/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Comment on 'An Advection-Diffusion Concept tor
Solute Transport in Heterogeneous Unconsolidat-
ed Geological Deposits' by Gillham et al. Journal
article,
Auburn Univ., AL. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
G. Gueven, F. J. Molz, and J. G. Melville. c1986 5p
EPA/600/J-86/028
Pub. in Water Resources Research, v22 n1 p89-91
Jan 86. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental
Research Lab., Ada, OK.
The article is a technical commentary relating to the ar-
ticle, 'An Advection-Diffusion Concept for Solute
Transport in Heterogenous Unconsolidated Geological
Deposits,' by Gillham, et al, Water Resources Re-
search 20(3):369-378, 1984. The authors principal
comments relate to the confusion which has devel-
oped in ground water dispersion literature because of
the failure to consider properly the two and three di-
mensional aspects of heterogenous advection and
transverse diffusion or the transport of conservative
solutes in layered unconsolidated geological deposits.
(Copyright 1986 by the American Geophysical Union.)
Keywords: 'Advection, 'Diffusion, 'Solutes, 'Aquifers,
Concentration(Composition), Seepage, Stratification,
Three dimensional flow, Hydrology, Plumes, Dispers-
ing, Ground water, Reprints.
PB86-191392/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
596 Vol. 90, No. 24
Methods for Isolating 'Campylobacter jejuni' from
Low-Turbidity Water. Journal article,
Veterans Administration Medical Center, Denver, CO.
M. J. Blaser, and H. J. Cody. C1986, 6p EPA/600/J-
86/027
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v51
n2 p312-315 Feb 86. Prepared in cooperation with Col-
orado Univ., Denver. School of Medicine. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Membrane filtration methods were developed and
evaluated for the quantitative recovery of Campylo-
bacter jejuni from environmental waters of low turbidi-
ty. The best of the studied procedures involved pas-
saging the test water through a filter (pore size, 0.45
um) and plating it facedown on Campylobacter-selec-
tive agar. The filter was removed after overnight incu-
bation, and the plate was streaked for isolation and
then reincubated. The technique could be useful in the
routine monitoring of finished waters for C. jejuni or
during investigations of suspected waterborne out-
breaks for water of low turbidity. (Copyright (c) 1986,
American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Fluid filters, 'Membranes, "Water pollu-
tion control, Recovery, Turbidity, Agar, Incubation,
Monitoring, Isolation, Rodents, Feces, Recovery,
Tables(Data), Bear Creek, Reprints, 'Campylobacter
jejuni.
PB86-191400/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Nature of Organlcs Removed during Treatment of
Mississippi River Water. Journal article,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Dept. of Civil and Mining
Engineering.
M. J. Semmens, and A. B. Staples. Feb 86,9p EPA/
600/J-86/026
Grant EPA-R-806377
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association, v78 n2
p76-81 Feb 86. Prepared in cooperation with Minneso-
ta Mining and Mfg. Co., St. Paul. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water
Engineering Research Lab.
In light of increasing concern for the organic content of
potable water supplies and the production of potential-
ly toxic chlorinated organic products, a better under-
standing of the character of organics removed by com-
monly used treatment processes is desirable. A variety
of chemical and physical characterization techniques
were used to identify the changes in organic character
resulting from chemical treatments of a Mississippi
River water sample.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, "Potable water,
'Water treatment, 'Mississippi River, Chemical prop-
erties, Physical properties, Dosage, Coagulation, Irra-
diation, Turbidity, Ultraviolet equipment, Alums, Chro-
matographic analysis, Activated carbon process, Fluid
filtration, pH, Reprints,
PB86-19147S/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Environmental Assessment of an Enhanced Oil
Recovery Steam Generator Equipped with an EPA
(Environmental Protection Agency) Heavy Oil
Low-NOx Burner. Volume 1. Technical Results.
Final rept. Jan 84-Jan 85,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
C. Castaldini, L. R. Waterland, and R. DeRosier. Apr
86, 102p EPA/600/7-86/013A
Contract EPA-68-02-3188
See also Volume 2, PB86-191483. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report gives results of comprehensive emission
measurements and 30-day flue gas monitoring on a
16-MW (55 million Btu/hr) enhanced oil recovery
steam generator equipped with the EPA low-NOx
burner firing high-nitrogen crude.
Keywords: "Oil recovery, Crude oil, Pollution, Combus-
tion, Boilers, Evaluation.
PB86-191483/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Environmental Assessment of an Enhanced Oil
Recovery Steam Generator Equipped with an EPA
(Environmental Protection Agency) Heavy Oil
Low-NOx Burner. Volume 2. Data Supplement.
Final rept. Jan 84-Jan 85,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
C. Castaldini, L. R. Waterland, and R. DeRosier. Apr
86,189p EPA/600/7-86/013B
Contract EPA-68-02-3188
See also Volume 1, PB86-191475. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report gives results ot comprehensive emission
measurements and 30-day flue gas monitoring on a
16-MW (55 million Btu/hr) enhanced oil recovery
steam generator equipped with the EPA low-NOx
burner firing high-nitrogen crude.
Keywords: "Oil recovery, "Boilers, Heavy oils, Crude
oil, Pollution, Nitrogen oxide.
PB86-191558/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Sample Design Considerations for Indoor Air Ex-
posure Surveys,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
D. T. Mage, B. G. Cox, and F. W. Immerman. Apr 86,
16p EPA/600/D-86/079
Prepared in cooperation with Research Triangle Inst.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Recent studies have shown that the traditional prac-
tice of monitoring outdoor (ambient) air quality leads to
little information regarding the exposures of people in
indoor surroundings. Consequently, EPA has begun a
series of studies to determine the air pollution expo-
sures people are subjected to in their daily non-out-
door activities at home, in traffic, and at work. The
paper describes the factors that should be considered
in developing a survey to describe the air pollution ex-
posures that people experience in their home environ-
ment. There is little previous experience in survey
design for indoor air pollution exposure per se. Howev-
er, the field of survey design for measurement of peo-
ple's attitudes, preferences, and attributes is well de-
veloped. An extensive literature exists which describes
general sampling techniques for performing these sur-
veys. Some types of surveys, such as health care sur-
veys or business surveys, are best addressed by par-
ticular types of survey designs. For example, the
design issues for health care surveys are discussed in
detail by Cox and Cohen. The paper discusses the
design considerations that make indoor air exposure
surveys, where human subjects are recruited either to
carry personal monitors or to allow monitoring in their
homes, different from the traditional surveys of opin-
ions and attitudes.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Air pollution, Ex-
posure, Sampling, Response, Humans, 'Indoor air pol-
lution, Air sampling.
PB86-191574/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Dlatomaceous Earth Filtration of 'Glardla' Cyst*
and Other Substances. Journal article,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Civil Engi-
neering.
K. P. Lange, W. D. Bellamy, D. W. Hendricks, and G S
Logsdon. c1986,11 p EPA/600/J-86/025
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association, v78 n1
p76-84 Jan 86. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
Pilot-plant tests resulted in virtually 100% removals of
Giardia lamblia cysts tor both coarse and fine grades
of diatomaceous earth over a wide range of conditions
Removals of turbidity and total coliform bacteria were
functionally dependent on the grade of diatomaceous
earth. Alum coating increased removal rates.
Keywords: 'Diatomaceous earth, 'Giardia, "Filtration
"Water treatment, Antidiarrheals, Turbidity, Pt|0{
plants, Coliform bacteria, Ciardiasis, Particle size
Cysts, Alums, Tables(Data), Flow diagrams, Reprints'
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-191616/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Septic Leachate Detection. Final
rept. Oct 80-Sep 83,
Urban Systems Research and Engineering, Inc., Cam-
bridge, MA.
P. L. Deese. Apr 86,122p EPA/600/2-86/052
Contract EPA-68-03-3057
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati,
OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
An evaluation of septic leachate detection (SLD) tech-
nology was performed. The results indicated that the
conceptual basis of SLD devices is unproven and the
devices have not been evaluated properly to deter-
mine their utility as a screening device in facility plan-
ning for rural lakeshore communities. Even if the issue
is neglected, the cost-effectiveness of SLD surveys is
marginal.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Water quality, Surface
waters, Ground water, Water analysis, Leaching, Or-
ganic compounds, Performance, 'Septic leachate de-
tection, "Sewage effluents.
PB86-192044/HSU	PC A10/MF AOt
National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Report,
1984,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
W. F. Hunt, T. C. Curran, R. B. Faoro, N. H. Frank, and
W. Freas. Mar 86, 221 p* EPA/450/4-86/001
See alsoPB85-212165.
The report presents national and regional trends in air
quality from 1975 through 1984 for total suspended
particulate, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen
dioxide, ozone and lead. Air pollution trends were also
examined for the 5-year period (1980-84) to take ad-
vantage of the larger number of sites and the fact that
the data from the post-1960 period should be of the
highest quality. Both national and regional trends in
each of the major pollutants are examined, as well as
complimentary air quality trends in 1984. National air
quality trends are also presented for both the National
Air Monitoring Sites (NAMS) and other site categories.
In addition to ambient air quality, trends are also pre-
sented for annual nationwide emissions. These emis-
sions are estimated using the best available engineer-
ing calculations; the ambient levels presented are
averages of direct measurements.
Keywords: Trends, National government, Carbon mon-
oxide, Sulfur dioxide, Urban areas, Nitrogen dioxide,
Ozone, Lead(Metal), Standards, Statistical analysis,
"Air quality, Air sampling, Total suspended particu-
lates.
PB86-192267/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Coal Gasification Environmental Data Summary:
Low- and Medium-Btu Wastewaters. Final rept. Sep
84-Dec 85,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
F. J. Castaldi, and F. D. Skinner. Apr 86,122p EPA/
600/7-86/015A
Contract EPA-68-02-3137
See also PB86-192275. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Ah-
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report is a compilation of environmental charac-
terization data for wastewaters from low- and medium-
Btu coal gasification facilities. Fixed-bed, entrained-
bed, and ash-agglomerating fluidized-bed coal gasifi-
cation processes were examined. The fixed-bed gasifi-
ers are the Chapman, Wellman-Galusha, Riley, Foster
Wheeler/STOIC, and Lurgi-type processes. The en-
trained-bed gasifiers are the Koppers-Totzek and
Texaco processes. The KRW-PDU was used as an ex-
ample of an ash-agglomerating fludized-bed process.
The types of wastewaters examined from the various
coal gasification processes are product gas quench
condensates, cyclone dust quench waters, ash pan
waters, gas compression and cooling condensates,
acid gas removal waters, and leachates from slag and
ash disposal facilities. The available wastewater qual-
ity and quantity data for these aqueous waste streams
are assembled, and the associated environmental sig-
nificance is addressed.
Keywords: "Coal gasification, "Waste water, "Water
pollution control, Stationary sources.
PB86-192275/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Coal Gasification Environmental Data Summary:
Sulfur and Nitrogen Species. Final rept. Sep 84-Dec
85,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
M. Kilpatrick. Apr 86,88p EPA/600/7-86/0158
Contract EPA-68-02-3137
See also PB86-192267 and PB86-192283. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research
Lab.
The report summarizes data on sulfur and nitrogen
species from the source test and environmental as-
sessment studies of low- and medium-Btu gasification
processes which were sponsored by the EPA between
1977 and 1981. The data are focused on the composi-
tion and distribution of the major streams from the
gasifier unit. Material accountability, elemental distri-
bution, and species distributions are included for sulfur
and nitrogen. Consistent trends in the collected data,
comparison with the results of some laboratory stud-
ies, and correlations with some fundamental chemical
relationships are given.
Keywords: "Coal gasification, "Waste water, "Sulfur,
"Nitrogen, Chemical analysis, Assessments, "Water
pollution control, Stationary sources.
PB86-192283/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Coal Gasification Environmental Data Summary:
Solid Wastes and By-Product Tars. Final rept. Sep
84-Dec 85,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
A. G. Eklund. Apr 86,171p EPA/600/7-86/015C
Contract EPA-68-02-3137
See also PB86-192275. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report, one of several data summary reports on
the environmental aspects and pollutants specific to
coal gasification, addresses characteristics of solid
wastes (ash and cyclone dust) and by-product tars and
oils analyzed in nine EPA source tests and evaluation
studies and limited other data. Objectives of the report
were to compile and summarize solid waste properties
and identify behavioral trends. Results of this data
compilation showed that gasifier ash and cyclone dust
are non-hazardous under RCRA and negative accord-
ing to selected bioassays. However, ash compositions
differed with different processes, operating conditions,
and feedstocks. Tars and oils are more likely to pose
environmental problems due to detectable concentra-
tions of polynuclear aromatic compounds, other toxic
and carcinogenic organic compounds, and entrained
trace elements. However, high heating values of tars
and oils make them candidates for use as fuels if the
organic residues are treated properly. Engineering and
leaching properties of gasifier solid wastes are not suf-
ficiently defined to allow a good evaluation of disposal
alternatives.
Keywords: "Coal gasification, "Solid wastes, Bioassay,
Dust, Ashes, Tars, Oils, Stationary sources, Pollution
control.
PB86-192549/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Peak Exposures to Nitrogen Dioxide and Study
Design to Detect Their Acute Health Effects,
Columbia Univ., New York. School of Public Health.
I. F. Goldstein, and L. R. Andrews. Apr 86, 17p EPA/
600/D-86/083
Grant EPA-R-812410
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Findings on continuous exposure to nitrogen dioxide
by persons cooking a meal on a gas stove are present-
ed. In addition peak levels of N02 at different heights
above the floor and at various distances from the stove
while the range and oven are in operation are reported
for 24 homes. A study design to detect the health ef-
fects of short term exposures to high levels of nitrogen
dioxide ranging from 0.20 ppm to over 1.5 ppm on pul-
monary function and respiratory symptoms in asthmat-
ic and non-asthmatic subjects is described. The con-
tinuous exposure to nitrogen dioxide of the study sub-
jects before, during and after cooking a dinner on a gas
stove is determined using a continuous nitrogen diox-
ide monitoring instrument. Lung function tests are per-
formed and symptom questionnaires are administered
throughout the study period to assess both health ef-
fects and changes in pulmonary function associated
with the above exposures.
Keywords: "Nitrogen dioxide, "Toxicology, Respiratory
system, Exposure, "Air pollution effects(Humans),
Monitoring, Lung function tests.
PB86-192556/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Design Strategies for Epidemiologic Studies of
Environmental Impacts on Health,
Columbia Univ., New York. School of Public Health.
I. F. Goldstein. Apr 86,18p EPA/600/D-86/084
Grant EPA-R-812410
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The papers describes epidemiologic designs and
methods in studies of health effects of air pollution,
whose implications, however, can be extended to the
detection of health effects of other environmental ex-
posures. Recent advances in measurement technolo-
gy for the assessment of both exposure and health re-
sponses and rapid developments in the field of biologi-
cal markers of both exposure and health response
offer the opportunity to rectify some past weaknesses
or gaps in our ability to draw firm conclusions from en-
vironmental epidemiologic studies. Different design
strategies for epidemiologic studies of acute and
chronic health effects are discussed with appropriate
examples which incorporate the above mentioned
technological advances.
Keywords: "Epidemiology, Technology assessment,
Public health, Exposure, "Air pollution
effects(Humans).
PB86-192796/HSU	PC A21/MF A01
Lining of Waste Impoundment and Disposal Facili-
ties. Interim rept. (Final),
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
B. Landeeth. Mar 83,480p EPA/SW-870
Supersedes PB81-166365.Portions of this document
are not fully legible.
Lining waste storage and disposal units is a primary
method of establishing the release of liquid and gase-
ous waste components into adjacent areas. The
manual provides current technological information
about a variety of liner materials that may be used to
contain hazardous wastes. Guidance is given to assist
in the selection, installation, and maintenance of ap-
propriate liners for specific types of wastes in particular
storage or disposal units. Several test methods for de-
termining waste/liner compatibility are included, and a
case study analysis methodology for lined units is pre-
sented.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, 'Hazardous wastes,
"Linings, Organic compounds, Manuals, Gases, Liq-
uids, Selection, Manufacturing methods, Municipali-
ties, Earth fills, Storage, Leaching, Electroplating,
Paints, Pesticides, Refineries, Membranes, Sealants,
Transmissivity.
PB86-192853/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
National Governors' Association, Washington, DC.
State/Federal Workshop on Joint Development of
Environmental and Toxlcologlcal Information Re-
sources Held at Bethesda, Maryland on May 28-
29,198S. Summary and Proceedings,
National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD. Toxicol-
ogy Information Program.
H. M. Kissman. May 85,110p" NLM/NGA-85/01
Sponsored by National Governors' Association, Wash-
ington, DC., Environmental Protection Agency, Wash-
ington, DC., Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA.,
and Association of State and Territorial Health Offi-
cials, McLean, VA.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The purpose of the Workshop was (1) to consider the
possibilities for collaboration among federal and state
organizations that either build, or sponsor the building
of, data resources in the areas of toxicology and the
environment; and (2) to facilitate the use of existing
data resources in these subject areas by state organi-
zations. Many states, far from having the luxury of
building data resources, face grave difficulties in gain-
ing access to the toxicology information that is already
available. If building a cooperative database is the
long-term goal of the community, then solving the
'access problem' is an immediate goal. Three catego-
ries of state needs for information and data resources
were identified: (1) improved methods for rapid, infor-
mal inter-state and state-federal communications; (2)
improved access to existing databases; (3) coordina-
tion/collaboration in database building. The Steering
Committee made several recommendations related to
establishing a 'Coordinating Council for Toxicological
and Environmental Data Resources' and for necessary
financial and personnel resources. In addition to the
summary, papers and reports, the appendices include
the workshop agenda and attendees, a questionnaire
for the California HESIS survey, chemicals ranked by
number of responses in the HESIS survey, and a de-
scription of the GTE/Medical Information Network
(MINET).
Keywords: "Information resources, "Data bases,
Meetings, State government, Federal government.
F.?8®:192887/hsu	PC A12/MF A01
Hlgh-Level and Transuranic Radioactive Wastes:
Background Information Document for Final Rule.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Aug 85, 269p EPA/520/1-85/023
The document provides background information that,
when considered together with the promulgated gen-
erally applicable standards, supports the final actions
taken by the EPA with regard to the management and
disposal of spent nuclear fuel and high-level and trans-
uranic wastes. It also contains an integrated risk as-
sessment that provides a scientific basis for these ac-
tions.
Keywords: "Regulations, "Alpha-bearing wastes,
"High-level radioactive wastes, "Spent fuels, "Radio-
active waste management, Radioactive waste dispos-
al, Risk assessment, Health hazards, Radionuclide
migration, Environmental transport, US EPA.
PB86-192937/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Solid Waste.
Hazardous Waste Tanks Risk Analysis. Interim
draft rept.
ICF, Inc., Washington, DC.
Mar 86,269p* EPA/530/SW-86/011
Contract EPA-68-01-6621
See also PB86-192495. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid
Waste.
The purpose of this analysis was to assess the human
health risks associated with: (1) the population of haz-
ardous waste tanks under the current regulatory ap-
proach; and (2) the population of hazardous waste
tanks under the various regulatory strategies consid-
ered by EPA. The population of tanks considered in
this analysis included interim status and permitted haz-
ardous waste tanks, 90-day accumulation tanks, and
small quantity generator interim status, permitted or
180-day accumulation tanks. The regulatory alterna-
tives examined in this analysis included no revisions,
full secondary containment, partial secondary contain-
ment and ground water monitoring, leak testing and
ground water monitoring, and corrosion protection.
Analysis of these regulatory alternatives allows for
direct comparisons between risks presented by HW
tanks under alternative regulatory scenarios.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Solid waste dispos-
al Regulations, Risk, Public health,
Tanks(Containers), Safety, "Risk analysis, Health risk,
Toxic substances.
PB86-192945/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Hazardous Waste Tank Failure (HWTF) and Re-
lease Model: Description of Methodology, Appen-
dices A, B, C, D, and E. Interim draft rept.
Pope-Reid Associates, Inc., St. Paul, MN.
13 Jan 86, 664p* EPA/530/SW-86/012
Contract EPA-68-01-6621
See also PB86-192937. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid
Waste.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the frequency
and severity of various failure mechanisms for a variety
of hazardous waste storage and treatment tank sys-
tems. The reusage of hazardous waste from treatment
and storage tanks is contingent on the occurrence of
one or more failure events, many of which have a
degree of uncertainty associated with them. Conse-
quently, this analysis used a model to account for such
uncertainties. The HWTF model is based on the princi-
ples of probability and statistics and can simulate par-
ticular aspects of phenomena that relate to the release
of hazardous waste from tanks. This type of model,
generally referred to as a Monte Carlo simulation
model, allows the evaluation of the potential range of
releases from tanks.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Solid waste dispos-
al, "Failure, Models, Tanks(Containers), Safety, Monte
Carlo method, Toxic substances.
PB86-193257	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Analytical Standards for the Analysis of Chryso-
tile Asbestos In Ambient Environments. Final rept.,
National Bureau of Standards (NML), Gaithersburg,
MD. Gas and Particulate Science Div.
J. A. Small, E. B. Steel, and P. J. Sheridan. 1985, 5p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry 57, n1 p204-208 1985.
Results of a program for the development of standard
materials for the analysis of chrysotile asbestos in non-
workplace environments are presented. These stand-
ards consist of carbon-coated Nucleport filter sections
which contain predictable loadings of chrysotile asbes-
tos fibers mixed with an urban air particulate matrix so
that they resemble field samples. One standard con-
tains an ambient loading, approximately 9 asbestos
fibers/0.01 square millimeter of filter. Because of the
low fiber counts and large standard deviation in the av-
erage fiber loading, the standard does not have a certi-
fied value for the fiber loading. Instead the results are
presented in an analysis report. The second standard
contains a slightly higher loading of asbestos, approxi-
mately 30 fibers/0.01 square millimeter of filter. The
standard includes a certified fiber loading with the un-
certainty in the value expressed as a 95/95 tolerance
interval about a five-count mean.
Keywords: "Asbestos, "Standards, Chemical analysis,
Reprints, Transmission electron microscopy, "Chryso-
tile.
PB86-193372/HSU	PC A09/MF AOt
Summary of Catalyst Performance Measured
during the Aftermarket Catalyst Durability Evalua-
tion Project. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology and Applications Branch.
J. P. Cheng, M. L. Alff, and K. H. Hellman. Apr 86,181 p
EPA/AA/CTAB-86/02
See also PB86-181740.
The report describes engine-out and tailpipe exhaust
emission performance done on 23 aftermarket cata-
lysts. The study was based upon modal data collec-
tion, i.e., collecting emission data during each of the 23
discrete idle-to-stop modes of the Federal test proce-
dure (FTP) driving cycle.
Keywords: "Catalysts, "Air quality, "Catalytic convert-
ers, Motor vehicles, Tests, "Exhaust emissions.
PB86-193661/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Conversion from RT-11 to Micro-RSX for Real-
Time Data Collection and Analysis,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M E. King. May 86, 21 p EPA/600/D-86/097
Contract EPA-68-02-4032
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Many scientists with DEC microcomputers use the RT-
11 operating system for the acquisition of real-time
data in the laboratory. For these researchers, the work
required to learn a new operating system and the time
needed to reprogram software prevents them from up-
grading their laboratory computer resources. However,
there are several advantages in upgrading to Micro
RSX, a multiuser, multitasking system. Some advan-
tages include: sharing of hardware resources by many
experimental setups, multiterminal support for concur-
rent data analysis and reduced costs per experimental
setup. The paper presents simple techniques for con-
verting Fortran/Macro-11 single-user programs run-
ning under RT-11 to run concurrently under Micro-
RSX.
Keywords: "Operating systems(Computers), "Labora-
tories, "Scientists, "Microcomputers, Upgrading,
"Data conversion, DEC computers, RT-11 operating
system, Micro RSX operating system.
PB86-193679/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Performance of RCRA (Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act) Method 8280 for the Analysis
of Dibenzo-P-Dioxlns and Dlbenzofurans in Haz-
ardous Waste Samples,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
J. M. Ballard, T. L. Vonnahme, N. J. Nunn, and D. R.
Youngman. May 86,96p EPA/600/4-86/021
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Further evaluation of RCRA Method 8280 for the anal-
ysis of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofur-
ans has been performed. The Method has been modi-
fied to enable the quantitation of total tetra- through
octa-chlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans and has
been applied to six different sample matrices derived
from industrial polychlorophenol sources and also to
fly-ash, still-bottom, and Missouri soil samples. An in-
terlaboratory validation of the Method has been con-
ducted in two phases: Phase I required the analysis of
spiked and unspiked clay and sludge samples for cer-
tain specified analytes, and Phase II required the anal-
ysis of 10 samples of soil, sludge, fly-ash, and furans.
Method detection limits of (13)C12- labeled polychlori-
nated dioxins and dibenzofurans in seven matrices
have been determined. In order to propose the most
effective procedure, a comparison was made of the
Contract Laboratory Program carbon column cleanup
(without backflush) with the backflush procedure used
in the proposed RCRA Method.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "Hazardous materials,
"Solid waste disposal, Soil analysis, Fly ash, Sludge
disposal, Industrial wastes, "Dibenzofuran,
"Dioxin(Herbicides), EPA method 8280, "Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act.
PB86-193687/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Laboratory Study to Evaluate the Impact of NOx,
SOx, and Oxidants on the Atmospheric Corro-
sions of Galvanized Steel,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
E. O. Edney, D. C. Stiles, J. W. Spence, F. H. Haynie,
and W. E. Wilson. May 86,34p EPA/600/D-86/095
Contract EPA-68-02-4033
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
A series of laboratory experiments was conducted in
which galvanized steel exposed to NO sub 2 In air and
irradiated propylene/nitrogen oxides/air mixtures in
the absence and presence of S02. Dew was produced
periodically on the test panels, and at the end and/or
during the experiments, panels were sprayed with
either deionized water or an ammonium bisulfate solu-
tion (pH of 3.5). Gas phase concentrations were moni-
tored, and dew and rain rinse samples were analzed
for nitrite, nitrate, sulfite, sulfate, formaldehyde, and
zinc. The average deposition velocities measured
during periods of wetness were sulfur dioxide, 0.8 cm/
s; formaldehyde, 0.6 cm/s; nitric acid, 0.7 cm/s; and
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
nitrogen dioxide, 0.03 cm/s. Analysis of dew samples
suggests that the dry deposition of sulfur dioxide, nitric
acid, formaldehyde, and possibly nitrogen dioxide ac-
celerates the atmospheric corrosion of galvanized
steel. Wet deposition of acidic species accelerates
corrosion. A general model for the atmospheric corro-
sion of galvanized steel is presented.
Keywords: "Galvanized materials. "Steels, Experimen-
tation, Oxidizers, Atmospheric corrosion, Sulfur diox-
ide, Nitrogen dioxide, Galvanized steels.
PB86-193695/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Non-Electromagnetic Factors Influence Behavior-
al Effects ot Microwave Exposures,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. I. Gage. May 86,25p EPA/600/D-86/098
Alteration in animal behavior both during and after
microwave irradiation is well documented. The report
reviews a number of experiments in which specific be-
havioral effects in laboratory rodents were quantita-
tively changed by aspects of the exposure such as am-
bient air temperature, duration of the exposure, and
orientation in the field while exposure parameters of
2450 MHz (CW) electromagnetic radiation were kept
constant. Operant response rates were reduced and
response durations were increased after overnight ir-
radiations with 10 or 15 mW/sq.cm. when ambient air
temperature during the exposure was 28 C but not
when the temperature was 22 C. Operant behavior of
rats which was reduced by 50% or more after an over-
night irradiation was not reduced after a similar expo-
sure of only 55 min. In another experiment, response
rates declined with time after exposures lasting 4 hrs.,
did not decline further after exposures lasting from 4 to
8 hrs., but did decline further after exposures lasting
longer than 8 hrs.
Keywords: 'Microwaves, "Behavior, "Radiation ef-
fects, Laboratory animals, Responses, Rats, Dosime-
try, Biological effects.
PB86-194149/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Land Treatment: A Hazardous Waste Management
Alternative. Proceedings of a Water Resources
Symposium (13th) Held at Austin, Texas, April
1985. Final rept.,
Texas Univ. at Austin. Center for Research in Water
Resources
R. C. Loehr, and J. F. Malina. C1986, 374p EPA/600/
9-86/011
Grant EPA-R-812131
See also PB81-173882. Library of Congress catalog
card no. 86-070236. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr En-
vironmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
Land treatment represents one of the alternatives for
management of municipal and industrial wastes. Haz-
ardous waste land treatment systems are intended to
degrade, immobilize and/or transform applied wastes
into innocuous constituents and to avoid bioaccumuia-
tion of hazardous constituents in the food chain. A
specialty conference held in Austin, Texas, in April
1985	represented a comprehensive attempt to critical-
ly examine the current state-of-knowledge with regard
to land treatment of hazardous wastes. (Copyright (c)
1986	by the Center for Research in Water Resources,
The University of Texas at Austin).
Keywords: Water pollution, "Hazardous materials,
"Municipalities, Biodeterioration, Bioassay, Accumula-
tion, Food chains, Environmental impacts, Risk, Public
health, Hazards, Degradation, Sediment transport, Or-
ganic compounds, Sites, Sludge disposal, Books,
'Land application, Organic loading.
PB86-194230/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Sulfate Mobility in Acid Soils and Implications
with Respect to Cation Leaching: A Review,
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Soil Science.
L. A. Gaston, R. S. Mansell, and R. D. Rhue. May 86,
21 p EPA/600/D-86/094
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Relative to a non-sorbing (conservative) solute, sulfate
is generally less mobile in soils. Factors that affect sul-
fate mobility are (1) solution concentration of sulfate,
(2) time of contact between sulfate solution and sor-
bent, (3) temperature, (4) solution pH, (5) other ionic
species present, and (6) type of sorbent. These factors
are discussed with reference to several pertinent ex-
perimental studies. Sorption mechanisms and studies
of sulfate movement in soils are discussed as well.
Keywords: "Inorganic sulfates, "Soils, Mobility,
Concentration(Composition). Temperature, pH, Sorp-
tion, Sulfuric acid, Acidification, Leaching, Cations,
Aluminum, Iron oxides, Profiles, "Acid precipitation.
PB86-194248/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Guidelines for Using OZIPM-3 with CBM-X or Op-
tional Mechanisms. Volume 2. Computer Code.
Final rept. Aug 82-Jul 85,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
H. Hogo, and G. Z. Whitten. Jan 86,165p EPA/600/3-
86/004B,, EPA/SW/MT-86/018B
Contract EPA-68-02-3735
For system on magnetic tape, see PB86-187788. See
also Volume 1, PB86-187770. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
A computer program, called Ozone Isopleth Plotting
with Optional Mechanisms/Version 3 (OZIPM-3), has
been developed. The program enables the use of a
new Carbon Bond Mechanism (CBM-X) for EKMA con-
trol strategy calculations. The OZIPM-3 program also
has the capability to accept a chemical mechanism
other than the default CBM-X that is internally stored in
the program. Volume 2 contains the FORTRAN listing
of the computer code. A magnetic tape of this code is
also available.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Smog, * Air pollution control.
Computer programs, Fortran, Exhaust gases, Magnet-
ic tapes, OZIPM 3 computer program.
PB86-194412/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Studies of Relationships between Molecular
Structure and Biological Activity by Pattern Rec-
ognition Methods,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park.
P. C. Jurs. 1983,21 p EPA/600/D-86/096
Grant EPA-R-811037
Pub. in Structure-Activity Coorelation as a Predictive
Tool in Toxicology, Chapter 7, p93-110 1983. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
The attempt to rationalize the connections between
the molecular structures of organic compounds and
their biological activities comprises the field of struc-
ture-activity relations (SAR) studies. Correlations be-
tween structure and activity are important for the un-
derstanding and the development of pharmaceutical
agents, agricultural agents, and chemical communi-
cants (olfactory and gustatory stimulants) and for the
investigation of chemical and genetic toxicity (muta-
genic and carcinogenic potential). Practical impor-
tance attaches to this type of study because of poten-
tial exists for prediction of the biological activity of un-
tested or even hypothetical compounds. The tech-
niques of SAR have been applied in the pharmaceuti-
cal field (drug design) and, to some extent. In agricul-
tural chemicals. The methods are beginning to be ap-
plied to problems in the areas of chemical and genetic
toxicity.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Organic compounds, "Pattern
recognition, Molecular structure, "Biopharmaceutics,
"Mutagenicity tests, "Carcinogens.
PB86-194420/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Investigation of the Formation of a Portland
Cement Plant Detached Plume,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. L. Cheney, and K. T. Knapp. May 86,112p EPA/
600/3-86/029
A gaseous and particulate source emissions sampling
program has been conducted at a Portland Cement
production plant in Rapid City South Dakota. The study
was conducted to determine the cause of the forma-
tion of an opaque detached plume from the plants' dry
process kiln. The instack opacity of the emissions was
less than 10 percent while the opacity of the plume five
to ten stack diameters from the mouth of the stack was
in excess of 40 percent, thus giving an appearance of
a detached plume. The sampling and analysis program
included particulate emissions measurements, particle
sizing and composition, and measurements of gase-
ous and particle ammonia, chloride, fluoride, and sulfur
dioxide. Extensive process materials sampling and
analysis were also conducted. Based on the resulting
data one conclusion is that the opaque detached
plume is the result of ammonium chloride particles
formed by the reaction of gaseous ammonia and hy-
drochloric acid. It was also found that the ammonia in
the cement plant was generated from the shale portion
of the raw products when the raw product was passed
through the heat exchanger.
Keywords: "Portland cements, "Air pollution control,
Inspection, Industrial plants, Gases, Air sampling,
"Plumes, Particulates.
PB86-194446/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Assessment of Assay Methods for Evaluating As-
bestos Abatement Technology. Rept. for Mar 84-
Mar 86,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
M. A. Karaffa, R. S. Amick, and A. Crone. Apr 86,86p
EPA/600/2-86/053
Contract EPA-68-03-3197
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The project focused on the adequacy of the EPA's pre-
viously recommended phase contrast light microscope
(PCM) method of analysis and sample collection tech-
nique. The PCM method was compared with transmis-
sion electron microscope (TEM) methods and the fea-
sibility of an alternative 'aggressive' sampling tech-
nique was investigated. The results of the study estab-
lished the advantages and limitations of applying both
PCM and TEM analytical methods, both separately
and in conjunction with an aggressive sampling tech-
nique in the evaluation of air quality following asbestos
abatement. The project was conducted during the post
abatement phase of asbestos removal. Reliable meth-
ods of air sampling and analysis permit the use of mon-
itoring results to be included in evaluating the efficacy
of asbestos abatement methods and in developing
better technical guidance for abatement contractors,
building owners, and other parties directly responsible
for remedial asbestos programs.
Keywords: "Asbestos, Inspection, Hazardous materi-
als, Sampling, Electron microscopy, "Air pollution con-
trol, "Indoor air pollution, Toxic substances.
PB86-194453/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Further Case Studies on the Impact of Mesoscale
Convectlve Systems on Regional Ozone and Haze
Distributions,
MESOMET, Inc., Chicago, IL.
W. A. Lyons, and R. H. Calby. Apr 86,71 p EPA/600/3-
86/028
Contract EPA-68-02-4051
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
The report is a continuation of an earlier effort to study
the impact of mesoscale convective precipitation sys-
tems upon distributions of aerosol and photochemical
oxidant pollutants in the planetary boundary layer
(PBL). Analyses of surface visibility and ozone data re-
vealed a dramatic response in the boundary layer pol-
lutant patterns to the passage of two very large con-
vective storm systems. Regional visibilities, at times
less than 5 km, increased dramatically over a multis-
tate area to as high as 80 km. The resultant clean air
region was termed a convective aerosol removal event
(CARE). In the study, a well defined CARE was found
off the Georgia coast on 14 August 1980.
Keywords: "Haze, "Ozone, "Convection,
'Preciprtation(Meteorology), "Coasts, Environmental
impacts, Thunderstorms, visibility, Aerosols, Sulfates,
Regional planning.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-194487/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Use of a Graph Theoretic Similarity Index in Pre-
diction Studies of Linear Discriminants and
Models,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park.
E. P. Jaeger, and P. C. Jurs. May 86,13p EPA/600/D-
86/099
Grant EPA-R-811037
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
A goal of many structure-activity and structure-proper-
ty studies is to develop the capability to predict the ac-
tivity or property of interest for previously untested
compounds. A quantitative model or a discriminant is
developed from a training set of molecules with known
activities or properties. The best test of the predictive
ability of a model or a discriminant is to predict the ac-
tivities or properties of a set of unknown compounds,
so the agreement between predicted and observed
values can be judged. Unknown compounds which are
structurally similar to those of the training set stand the
best chance of being predicted accurately. Structural
similarity can be assessed with atom pairs. The metric
is based on the relative frequencies of all unique atom
pairs in each compound being compared.
Keywords: "Linear discriminants. Predictions, Models,
'Similarity indexes.
PB86-194495/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Widespread Outbreaks of Clam- and Oyster-Asso-
ciated Gastroenteritis: Role of Norwaik Virus.
Journal article,
New York State Dept. of Health, Albany.
D. L. Morse, J. J. Guzewich, J. P. Hanrahan, R. Stricof,
and M. Shayegani. 1986, 7p EPA/600/J-86/037
Pub. in New England Jnl. of Medicine, v314 n11 p678-
681 Mar 86. Prepared in cooperation with Massachu-
setts Univ. Medical School, Worcester. Dept. of Medi-
cine. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Consumption of raw shellfish has long been known to
be associated with individual cases and sporadic out-
breaks of enteric illness. However, during 1982, out-
breaks of gastroenteritis associated with eating raw
shellfish reached epidemic proportions in New York
State. Between May 1 and December 31, there were
103 well-documented outbreaks in which 1017 per-
sons became ill: 813 cases were related to eating
clams, and 204 to eating oysters, the most common
symptoms were diarrhea, nausea, abdominal cramps,
and vomiting. Incubation periods were generally 24 to
48 hours long, and the duration of illness was 24 to 48
hours. Bacteriologic analyses of stool and shellfish
specimens did not reveal a causative agent. Norwaik
virus was implicated as the predominant etiologic
agent by clinical features of the illness and by serocon-
version and the formation of IgM antibody to Norwaik
virus in paired serum samples from persons in five (71
percentjof seven outbreaks in which testing was done.
Keywords: "Viruses, "Gastroenteritis, Shellfish,
Clams, Oysters, Viral diseases, Reprints, Norwaik
virus.
PB86-194S03/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Performance Audit of Inspection and Mainte-
nance Calibration Gases,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. S. Wright, C. E. Decker, and W. F. Barnard. May 86,
16p RTI/3180/18-01, EPA/600/D-86/101
Contract EPA-68-02-4125
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The purpose of the audit was to determine the accura-
cy of inspection and maintenance calibration gases for
motor vehicle emission analyzers. Cylinders containing
approximately 1.6 percent carbon monoxide and 640
parts per million propane in nitrogen were purchased
from 13 specialty gas producers in 1984. Only three
producers were able to provide cylinders that had
been named according to the EPA Recommended
Practice RTI analyzed these gases in triplicate, using
a qas chromatograph with flame ionization or thermal
conductivity detectors. NBS Standard Reference Ma-
600 Vol. 90, No. 24
terials were used as reference standards for the analy-
ses. Twelve of the 13 certified carbon monoxide con-
centrations were accurate to within plus or minus two
percent relative. Nine of the 13 certified propane con-
centrations were accurate to within plus or minus two
percent relative. Eleven of the 13 propane purities
were greater than 99.0 percent. Confirmatory analyses
at two EPA laboratories showed good agreement with
RTI's analyses.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Exhaust emission gases, In-
spection, Maitenance, Performance evaluation, Pro-
pane, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, Motor vehi-
cles.
PB86-195146/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Sediment Toxicity to a Marine Infaunal Amphlpod:
Cadmium and Its Interaction with Sewage Sludge.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.,-Narragansett, Newport,
OR. Mark O. Hatfield Marine Science Center.
R. C. Swartz, G. R. Ditsworth, D. W. Schults, and J. O.
Lamberson. 1985, 24p ERLN-N006
Pub. in Marine Environmental Research, v18 p133-153
1985.
The acute toxicity of cadmium to the marine infaunal
amphipod, Rhepoxynius abronius, was determined
separately in sediment and seawater. Most cadmium
added to test sediment was bound to particles and
less than 5% was dissolved in interstitial water. The
LC50 based on cadmium concentration in interstitial
water was similar to the LC50 based on cadmium con-
centration in seawater without sediment. Cadmium in
interstitial water, rather than that bound to particles,
therefore appears responsible for acute sediment tox-
icity to this species. The addition of small quantities of
sewage sludge or an increase in the proportion of the
fine fraction of sediment particles significantly reduced
the toxicity of cadmium in sediment. Binding of cadmi-
um by sediment particles may explain the presence of
phoxocephalid amphipods at sites where sewage and
metal pollution occur together.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Cadmium, "Sewage sludge,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, "Water pollu-
tion effects(Animals), Rhepoxynius abronius.
PB86-195153/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Cost and Benefits of Drinking Water Treatment.
Journal article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
R. M. Clark, J. A. Goodrich, and J. C. Ireland. 1984,32p
EPA/600/J-84/371
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Systems, v14 n1 p1-30
1984/85.
The article develops a framework for evaluating the
costs and benefits of environmental control and pre-
ventive public health practices and asks the policy
question: How do the authors achieve the bfist mix of
protection against infectious disease and toxic chemi-
cals in drinking water. Costs and benefits of chlorina-
tion and filtration are analyzed retrospectively, and the
results of the analysis are extended to include granular
activated carbon filtration.
Keywords: "Benefit cost analysis, "Water treatment,
Evaluation, Public health, Policies, Chlorination, Acti-
vated carbon treatment. Toxicity, Organic compounds.
Filtration, Environmental impacts, Reprints, Drinking
water.
PB86-195229/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
How Good Are Ambient Air Pollution Measure-
ments,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., ResearchTri-
angle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Div.
R. C. Rhodes, and E. G. Evans. May 86,12p EPA/
600/D-86/100
In accordance with Federal regulations, state and local
air pollution control agencies have, since January 1,
1981, been performing special checks of their ambient
air measurement systems to assess the precision and
accuracy of the monitoring data. The measurement
methods involved are those for total suspended partic-
ulate, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monox-
ide, ozone, and lead. The precisions of the measure-
ment systems are estimated by some type of replicate
measurement, including the use of collocated sam-
plers. Accuracies of the measurement systems are es-
timated by measurement of, or comparison with, refer-
ence materials or devices. Because the variations of
imprecision and inaccuracy are usually proportional to
pollution concentration levels the assessments are ex-
pressed on a percentage basis. The precision and ac-
curacy assessments are reported to EPA. Annual EPA
reports are issued to summarize and evaluate the data
quality. Appreciable variation of data quality exists
across the regions, states, and local agencies of the
nation.
Keywords: "Measuring instruments, Regulations, Ac-
curacy, Precision, "Air pollution detection, Monitoring,
Air sampling.
PB86-195237/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Contact and Artificial Soli Tests Using Earth-
worms to Evaluate the Impact of Wastes in Soil,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
E. F. Neuhauser, R. C. Loehr, and M. R. Malecki. 1986.
15p EPA/600/D-84/298S
Supersedes PB86-141264. Pub. in Proceedings of
Hazardous and Industrial Solid Waste Testing Sympo-
sium (4th), ASTM STP 886, p 192-203 1986. Prepared
in cooperation with Texas Univ. at Austin. Dept. of Civil
Engineering. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., OR.
The study was designed to evaluate two methods
using earthworms that can be used to estimate the bio-
logical impact of organic and inorganic compounds
that may be in wastes applied to landfor treatment and
disposal. The two methods were the contact test and
the artificial soil test. The contact test is 48-h test using
an adult worm, a small glass vial, and filter paper to
which the test chemical or waste is applied. The test is
designed to provide close contact between the worm
and a chemical, similar to the situation in soils. The
method provides a rapid estimate of the relative toxici-
ty of chemicals and industrial wastes.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, Soils, "Solid waste
disposal. Toxicity, Environmental impacts, Organic
compounds, Inorganic compounds, Soil tests. Industri-
al wastes, Survival, Accuracy, Rats, Reprints, "Earth-
worms, Land application, Bioindicators.
PB86-195245/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Hazard-
ous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory'*
Research Program In Support of Superfund,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
R. D. Hill. May 86,16p EPA/600/M-86/014
In anticipation of the passage of the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability
Act of 1980 (CERCLA or Superfund), the Office of Re-
search and Development of the USEPA began a pro-
gram in 1980 to support the Agency's activities con-
cerned with uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. In the
area of environmental engineering and technology, the
Agency looked to the ongoing and established pro-
grams in land disposal of hazardous waste and haz-
ardous spill cleanup. A research program was estab-
lished to develop and evaluate removal and remedial
cleanup technology. The Superfund program has been
organized into four research areas: (1) containment
technologies for remedial actions: (2) on-site cleanup
equipment: (3) in-situ treatment of hazardous waste/
contaminated soils: and (4) personnel protection.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Water pollution
control, 'Air pollution control, 'Solid waste disposal
Containment, Recommendations, Equipment, Soils'
Land reclamation, Personnel, Protection, Spills, Super-
fund, Clean up.
PB86-195252/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Screening Polynuclear Aromatic Pollutants In Am-
bient ana Indoor Air by Synchronous Lumines-
cence,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN. Health and Safety Re-
search Div.
T. Vo-Dinh, G. H. Miller, and N. K. Wilson. May 86 9o
EPA/600/D-86/102
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Polynuclear aromatic (PNA) pollutants are of concern
in indoor and outdoor air monitoring because many
PNAs are carcinogenic in laboratory animal biotesting.
For comprehensive exposure studies, which usually in-
volve large population distributions and extended as-
sessment periods (several years), there is an urgent
need for practical and cost-effective analytical tools to
screen large numbers of samples. Synchronous lumi-
nescence (SL) has recently been developed as a
simple and cost-effective analytical method to be used
in an integrated screening procedure for monitoring
complex multi-media samples. In conventional lumi-
nescence spectroscopy, either the excitation (lambda
ex) or the emission wavelength (lambda em) remains
fixed. With the SL technique, the emission signal is re-
corded while lambda ex and lambda em are scanned
simultaneously using a constant interval, delta lambda,
between the two. Simplicity of the analytical proce-
dures and low cost of the instrumentation make SL
very suitable as a screening technique.
Keywords: * Air pollution control, Exposure, Screening,
Indoor air pollution, "Synchronous luminescence,
Monitoring, Carcinogenesis, "Luminescence.
PB86-195260/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Final Report on the Evaluation of Four Toxic
Chemicals in an 'In vivo/In vitro' Toxicological
Screen: Acrylamlde, Chlordecone, Cyclophospha-
mide, and Diethylstllbestrol.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park NC
May 86,83p EPA/600/1 -86/002
An in vivo/in vitro Toxicological Screen (Tox Screen)
has been developed for screening large numbers of
wastes for biological activity. Emphasis is placed on
identifying a wide range of potential toxic responses by
employing diverse test methods with toxic endpoints in
mutagenesis/carcinogenesis, general toxicology,
neurotoxicology, reproductive toxicology, teratology,
teratology, and immunotoxicology. Oral administration
of waste material is given to rats for 10 consecutive
days after which the whole animal, body tissues and
fluids are evaluated for toxicity. The Tox Screen is
being validated to ensure that the protocol will be ca-
pable of detecting biological activity and to identity
those assays which most readily detect toxicity. The
most accurate and sensitive assays would be used as
a Prescreen for the entire protocol. Results of the vali-
dation study with 4 toxic chemicals are included. Acryl-
amide produced its greatest effects in the neurotox
assays and in mutagenesis.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Screening, In vivo analysis,
Bioassay, In vitro analysis, Responses, Toxic sub-
stances, Acrylamide, Chlordecone, Cyclophospha-
mide, Diethyl stilbestrol, Protocols.
PB86-195278/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Coal Gasification Environmental Data Summary:
Trace Elements. Final rept. Sep 84-Dec 85,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
L. J. Holcombe, R. D. Achord, R. A. Magee, and R. M.
Mann. Apr 86,120p EPA/600/7-86/015E
Contract EPA-68-03-3137
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report summarizes trace element measurements
made at several coal gasification facilities. Most of the
measurements were made as part of EPA's source
testing and evaluation program on low- and medium-
Btu gasification. The behavior of trace elements is dis-
cussed in light of their distribution from feed coal to
various discharge, product, and by-product streams.
The summary provides a basis for decisions concern-
ing monitoring needs at coal gasification facilities. The
stream flow data and trace element concentration
measurements were typically not precise or accurate
enough to make quantitative conclusions concerning
trace element behavior in the gasifiers. However,
some general trends in element distribution are appar-
ent. Elements that consistently had more than 70% of
their total inlet mass partition to the bottom ash or slag
included Al, Ba, Co, K, U, W, and Zr. Other elements
had consistently less than 70% of their mass partition
to the bottom ash, and had significant mass flow in the
overhead gas and aerosols.
Keywords: "Coal gasification, Metals, Measurements,
"Trace elements. Monitoring, "Pollution control, Sta-
tionary sources, "Heavy metals.
PB86-195450/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Prenatal Exposure to the Fungicide Dinocap
Causes Behavioral Toricollls, Ballooning and Cleft
Palate In Mice, but not Rats or Hamsters. Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. E. Gray, J. M. Rogers, R. J. Kavlock, J. S. Ostby, and
J. M. Ferrell. C1986,13p EPA/600/J-86/045
Pub. in Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagen-
esis 6, p33-43 1986. Prepared in cooperation with Nor-
throp Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The present study is an evaluation of the developmen-
tal toxicity of dinocap in three rodent species using an
in vivo teratology screen. The protocol uses postnatal
viability, weight gain and morphological and behavioral
development through weaning to assess the develop-
mental toxicity of compounds. Dinocap administered
orally on days 7 to 16 of gestation to the CD-1 mouse
resulted in increased postnatal mortality at 25mg/kg/d
(80% in block 1 and 40% in block 2). Many of the treat-
ed pups that died during the neonatal period were 'bal-
looned' and had cleft palates. Although there was no
treatment related mortality in the 12mg/kg/d dosage
group, 7% (15/221) of these mice and 24% (21 /85) of
the survivors from the 25mg/kg/d dosage group dis-
played torticollis (a twisting of the neck resulting in an
abnormal tilting of the head). These tilted head mice
held the head and forepart of the body tilted constantly
to one side, both when resting and walking. The tilt
was in either direction but was always constant for a
given animal; in different mice the angle varied consid-
erably from almost 0 to 30 degrees.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Fungicides, Pregnancy, Lab-
oratory animals, Rodents, In vivo analysis, Bioassay,
Reprints, Crotonic acid/(dinitrophenyl-ester)-heptyl-
methyl, "Dinocap.
PB86-195468/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Evaluation of the Reproductive Toxicology of
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol in Male and Female Rats.
Journal article,
Cincinnati Univ. Medical Center, OH.
K. Blackburn, H. Zenick, E. Hope, J. M. Manson, and E.
L. George. c1986,10p EPA/600/J-86/044
Grant EPA-R-808880
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, v6 n2
p233-239 1986. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The toxicity of chlorinated organic compounds which
may be generated as a by-product of drinking water
chlorination has been an Issue of increasing concern.
Relatively few data are available concerning their re-
productive toxicity. The present study was designed to
evaluate the reproductive effects of one of these com-
pounds, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) In male and
female rats. Adult males were treated with either 0,
100, 500, or 1000 mg/kg of TCP (p.o.) for 10 weeks at
which time semen evaluations were conducted on
ejaculates recovered from the genital tract of receptive
females. Fertility was assessed in the 0 and 1000 mg/
kg groups. Females were treated with identical doses
for two weeks prior to pregnancy then throughout ges-
tation. Dams were allowed to litter and pup develop-
ment was monitored until Day 42 post-partum. TCP
had no effect on any sperm parameter or male fertility.
Treatment of females with 1000 mg/kg of TCP pro-
duced gross maternal toxicity as reflected in increased
lethality and decreased weight gains in the dams.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Reproductlon(Biology),
Dosage, Rats, Evaluation, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Reprints, "Phenol/trichloro.
PB86-195484/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Isolation of a Precursor and a Nascent Chain
Form of Glucoae-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
from Rat Uterus and Regulation of Precursor
Processing by Estradiol. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
A. M. Cummings, and K. L. Barker. C1986,17p EPA/
600/J-86/038
Pub. in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 880, p226-241
1986. Prepared in cooperation with Texas Tech Univ.
Health Sciences Center, Lubbock.
SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of anti-glu-
cose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase immunoprecipi-
tates from radiolabeled uterine tissue extracts previ-
ously revealed three proteins: A, B and C, which were
tentatively identified as a 60-64 kDa precursor form, a
57 kDa predominant form, and 40-42 kDa nascent
peptide form of the enzyme, respectively. A peptide-
mapping technique was used to examine structural ho-
mologies among A, B and C. Following the labeling of
uterine proteins with (35S)methionine, Tabeled proteins
A, B and C were isolated by immunoprecipitation and
electrophoresis. Each protein was individually co-di-
gested with authentic, (3H)methionine-labeled glu-
coses-phosphate dehydrogenase using papain, the
resulting peptides were resolved by isoelectric focus-
ing and the peptides from the two sources on each gel
were compared using double-tabel counting methods.
Proteins A, B and C had at least eight peptides in
common, both proteins A and C had two additional
peptides in common that were not present in protein B,
and B protein had two peptides that were either absent
or present in reduced amounts in digests of proteins A
and C. The extensive structural homology and immun-
oreactivity of these proteins indicated that proteins A,
B and C were all related to glucose-6-phosphate dehy-
drogenase.
Keywords: Rats, Regulations, Isolation, Reprints, "Es-
tradiol, Dehydrogenase/glucose-phosphate, Precur-
sors, Nascent chains.
PB86-195658/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Alternative Techniques for Managing Solvent
Wastes. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
B. L. Blaney. 1986,13p EPA/600/J-86/040
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v36
n3 p275-285 Mar 86.
There are economic and regulatory incentives for con-
sidering alternatives to the direct land disposal of sol-
vent-bearing hazardous waste streams (EPA Hazard-
ous Waste Codes: F001, F002, F003, F004, and
F005). These alternatives include recycle/reuse (in-
cluding use as a fuel substitute), destruction of a
stream's solvent component, and treatment prior to
land disposal. The paper reviews these three waste
management alternatives and discusses their applica-
bility to solvent waste streams having various physical
characteristics.
Keywords: "Solvents, "Waste disposal, "Hazardous
materials, Management, Waste water reuse, Fuels,
Stream pollution, Evaporation, Sewage treatment, Oxi-
dation reduction reactions, Carbon, Adsorption, Acti-
vated sludge process, Reprints, Land application.
PB86-19S948/H8U	PC A02/MF A01
Method for Developing Ozone Exposures That
Mimic Ambient Conditions In Agricultural Areas.
Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A. S. Lefohn, W. E. Hogsett, and D. T. Tingey. c1986,
7p EPA/600/J-86/046
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v20 n2 p361-366
1986. Prepared in cooperation with A.S.L. and Associ-
ates, Helena, MT.
Ozone fumigations that mimic ambient ozone distribu-
tions facilitate the development of links between (1)
vegetative effects results that are generated in the lab-
oratory and the field and (2) predictive effects models
that depend upon ambient air quality data. Experimen-
tal exposure profiles were constructed from a readily
available ambient air quality data base. Air quality data
from selected monitoring sites were characterized
over the 5-month growing season by identifying (a) the
number of occurrences of hourly ozone concentra-
tions equal to or above 0.07 ppm, (b) the number of
days of each episode, (c) the number of days between
episodes and (d) the rate of rise and decline of the
daily ozone concentrations. (Copyright (c) 1986 Perga-
mon Press Ltd.)
Keywords: "Ozone, "Air pollution, "Agriculture,
Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Profiles, Moni-
toring, Seasonal variations, Reprints.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-195955/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Specific Surface Area on the Reactivity
of CaO with S02. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
R. H. Borgwardt, and K. R. Bruce. C1986,9p EPA/
600/J-86/039
Pub. in American Institute of Chemical Engineers Jnl.,
v32 n2 p239-246 Feb 86. Prepared in cooperation with
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The paper discusses results of measuring the rate of
reaction of calcined limestone (CaC03) with sulfur di-
oxide (S02) and oxygen (02) at conditions that elimi-
nate all resistances not associated with the lime (CaO)
grain surface. Reactivity increased with the square of
the Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (B.E.T.) surface area
when grain size was varied as an experimental param-
eter. The observed effects of surface area and temper-
ature account for the S02 capture reported for boiler
tests of the limestone injection process.
Keywords: "Limestone, 'Calcium oxides, "Sulfur
oxides, "Flue gases, Air pollution control equipment,
Boilers, Desulfurization, Reactivity, Grain structure,
Reprints.
PB86-195963/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superior Colliculus Lesions and Flash Evoked Po-
tentials from Rat Cortex. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. I. Barnes, and R. S. Dyer. 1986,7p EPA/600/J-86/
047
Pub. in Brian Research Bulletin, v16 n2 p225-230 Feb
It is generally assumed that the primary response of
the rat flash evoked potential (FEP) is activated by a
retino-geniculate pathway, and that the second re-
sponse reflects input to the cortex by way of the supe-
rior colliculus (SC) or other brainstem structures. In the
present study, Male Long Evans rats were implanted
with monopolar screw electrodes over the left visual
cortex, and a pair of monopolar depth electrodes in
each SC, which were used to produce electrolytic le-
sions. One half of the animals did not receive the elec-
trolytic treatment (controls). FEB waveforms were ob-
tained from all animals prior to treatment, and 2 and 5
days after treatment. Histological analysis was per-
formed to verify electrode placement and determine
lesion size. Electrolytic lesions which resulted in mas-
sive destruction of the SC produced no decrement in
any portion of the rat FEP, but did produce an increase
in amplitude of the N2P3 component. The data show
that the secondary response of the rat FEP is not gen-
erated by SC, but that SC may modulate amplitude of
the response.
Keywords: "Central nervous system, Rats, Laboratory
animals, Reprints, "Evoked potentials, Superior colli-
culus.
PB86-196359/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Method for Variation of Grain Size In Studies of
Gas-Solid Reactions Involving CaO. Journal article
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
R. H. Borgwardt, N. F. Roache, and K. R. Bruce.
c1986,7p EPA/600/J-86/041
Pub. in Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Funda-
mentals, v25 p 165-169 1986. Prepared in cooperation
with Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park,
NC.
The paper describes a method for varying grain size in
studies of gas-solid reactions involving CaO. (Note: In-
troducing grain size as an independent experimental
variable should contribute to improved understanding
of reactions in porous solids.) Calcining 1 micrometer
CaC03 particles at maximum rate and moderate tem-
perature (600-950 C) yields CaO with an initial B.E.T.
surface area of 79 = or • 6 sq m/g, corresponding to a
grain radius of about 110 A. The grain radius can be in-
creased to any value up to at least 1800 A by con-
trolled sintering preceding exposure to the reactive
oas At a given temperature, the grain size can be ad-
kisted by: (1) stagnant sintering, (2) sintering with inert
sweep gas, or (3) sintering with a sweep gas contain-
ing controlled concentrations of C02. Techniques for
measuring the reactivity as a function of grain size are
demonstrated for the Ca0/S02 reaction.
Keywords: "Grain size, "Calcium oxides, Sintering,
"Air pollution control, Stationary sources, Gas solid re-
actions.
PB86-196367/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Microbial Transformation Rates of Azo and Tri-
phenylmethane Dyes. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
G. B. Michaels, and D. L. Lewis. C1986,8p EPA/600/
J-86/042
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v5
p161 -166 1986. Prepared in cooperation with Gaines-
ville Junior Coll., GA. Dept. of Biology.
Using field-collected and laboratory cultures, bacterial
transformation rates for one azo and two triphenyl-
methane dyes were studied as a means of assessing
the potential degradation of these compounds in
aquatic environments. Transformation was measured
as loss of color by spectrophotometry, and first- and
second-order transformation rate coefficients were de-
termined. Second-order coefficients (kb) were based
on total colony-forming units (CFU) of bacteria in batch
cultures. Percentages of total bacteria that trans-
formed the dyes were determined by isolating bacterial
colonies from field-collected samples and testing the
isolates for the capacity to transform the dyes in dilute
nutrient medium.
Keywords: "Dyes, "Degradation, Microorganisms, Re-
prints, Triphenylmethane dyes, Color index acid
orange 6, Color index basic violet 1, Color index basic
violet 3, "Biodeterioration.
PB86-196565/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
New Chemical Review Process Manual.
Dynamac Corp., Rockville, MD.
Mar 86, 48p EPA/560/3-86/002
Contract EPA-68-02-3861
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.
The purpose of the manual is to provide an introduc-
tion to the new chemical review process as it takes
place in the Office of Toxic Substances (OTS) in EPA.
The manual presents the process in terms of compo-
nent procedures and meetings. A flow diagram of the
process is included in the Appendix. The manual also
presents EPA's statutory authority and options for
action under section 5 of the Toxic Substances Control
Act.
Keywords: "Chemical compounds, "Regulations, Law
enforcement, Public health, Manuals, "Toxic Sub-
stances Control Act.
PB86-196680/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Acid Deposition, Environmental Monitoring,
and Quality Assurance.
National Surface Water Survey: Eastern Lake
Survey Phase 1 - Synoptic Chemistry. Field Oper-
ations Report,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
F. A. Morris, D. V. Peck, M. B. Bonoff, and K. J. Cabbie.
May 86, 55p EPA/600/4-86/010
Contracts EPA-68-03-3050, EPA-68-03-3249
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Acid Deposition, Environ-
mental Monitoring, and Quality Assurance.
The National Surface Water Survey is a three-phase
program designed to address increasing concern over
potential acidification of U.S. surface waters by atmos-
pheric deposition. Phase I of the Eastern Lake Survey
(ELS-I) was conducted during autumn 1984 as a syn-
optic chemical survey to characterize lakes located in
regions of the eastern U.S. believed to be susceptible
to the effects of acidic deposition.
Keywords: 'Acidification, "Lakes, "Waterpollution, Or-
ganic compounds, pH, Surveys, Autumn season, Sur-
face waters, Field tests, Sampling, Flow charting,
'Acid precipitation, Eastern Region(United States).
PB86-196698/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Trace-Level Determination of Specific VOCs
(Volatile Organic Compounds) In Whole-Air Sam-
ples In the Presence of High-Level Contamination,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. D. Pleil, K. D. Oliver, and W. A. McClenny. May 86
10p EPA/600/ D-86/104
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A SIM mass spectrometric analysis using the Hewlett-
Packard mass selective detector as a GC detector
generally gave quantitative results for specific trace-
level compounds even in the presence of a very com-
plex and/or highly concentrated mixture of contami-
nants. In some cases, such as in the detection of allyl
chloride, the problem of quantitation could perhaps be
solved by suitable alteration of the system software. In
other cases, further study is required to determine ap-
propriate remedial measures.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, "Air pollution control,
Contamination(Composition), Air sampling, Trace ele-
ments.
PB86-196706/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Applications of information Theory and Pattern
Recognition to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spec-
trometric Analysis of Toxic Organic Compounds
in Ambient Air,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
D R. Scott. May 86,17p EPA/600/D-86/103
The number of information channels contained in the
gas chromatographic, mass spectrometric, and com-
bined gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analy-
sis of 78 toxic organic compounds has been deter-
mined. The toxic compounds are those routinely moni-
tored In ambient air samples using Tenax collection
and gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analy-
sis. The Shannon information content of the binary en-
coded and full intensity mass spectra, of the gas chro-
matographic retention times, and of the combined gas
chromatographic-mass spectrometric spectra of the
78 compounds has been calculated. The maximum
binary information contents of the 35 channel gas
chromatographic, 17 key channel mass spectral, and
the 595 channel gas chromatographic-mass spectral
methods were 6.4,15.4, and < 21.8 bits, respectively.
The 17 masses with the highest binary information
content with regard to the 78 compounds were used
with SIMCA pattern recognition to determine four
classes among the 78 compounds, These included
aromatics without chlorine substitution, chloroaroma-
tics, bromoalkanes and alkenes, and chloroalkanes
and alkenes.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Air pollution control, Organic
compounds, Gas chromatography, Mass spectrome-
try, Information theory, Pattern recognition, Sampling.
PB86-196904/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Calciners and Dryers In Mineral Industries; Back-
ground Information for Proposed Standards. Draft
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Oct 85,701 p EPA/450/3-85/025A
Standards of performance for the control of emissions
from calciners and dryers in mineral industries are
being proposed under the authority of Section III of the
Clean Air Act. These standards would apply to new,
modified, or reconstructed calciners and dryers in 17
mineral industries. The document contains back-
ground information and environmental and economic
impact assessments of the regulatory alternatives con-
sidered in developing the proposed standards.
Keywords: "Roasters, 'Drying apparatus. Minerals
Processing, Cost analysis, Air pollution control equip-
ment, Exhaust emissions, Economic analysis.
PB86-197001/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, IMS,
Volume 1. Statewide Summary Report. Annual
rept.,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Sprlno-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
J. B. Hawes. Apr 86,125p IEPA/WPC/86-005A
See also PB86-119971. Prepared in cooperation with
Northeastern Illinois Planning Commission, Chicago
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Southwestern Illinois Metropolitan and Regional Plan-
ning Commission, Collinsville, and Greater Egypt Re-
gional Planning and Development Commission, Car-
bondale, IL.
A Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program initiated by the
Illinois EPA in 1981 was continued in 1985. Citizens
were trained to measure Secchi disc transparency,
total depth, and record field observations from a boat
at designated sites on their chosen lake. Readings
were to be taken at least twice a month from May
through October. The report provides a historical per-
spective of the Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program,
and describes program objectives and rationale.
Keywords: 'Illinois, 'Lakes, 'Water pollution, Citizen
participation, Monitoring, Transparence, Depth, Sea-
sonal variations, Suspended sediments, Plankton
blooms, "Trophic level, Eutroptric, Oligotrophic, Meso-
trophic.
PB86-197068/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Costs to Convert Coal to Methanol. Final rept. 15
Aug 83-30 Sep 84,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
D. S. Moulton, and N. R. Sefer. Apr 86,126p EPA/
460/3-84/012
Contract EPA-68-03-3162
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Ann
Arbor, Ml.
The report provides estimated costs of producing
methanol transportation fuel from coal. Estimates
were made for mine-mouth plants in five different coal
producing regions, and uniform methods were used so
the estimated sales prices could be compared for
market analysis. In addition to plant-gate prices, deliv-
ered prices were estimated for three major market
areas. With presently available transportation the
lowest delivered prices were for methanol production
based in the southern lignite coal region. If new metha-
nol-compatible pipelines were to be constructed, the
lowest delivered prices would be for production based
in the western subbituminous coal region. In the west-
ern subbituminous region, limited water resources
would make extensive planning and careful site selec-
tion necessary, but they would not prevent the devel-
opment of a coal-to-methanol industry. By-product
carbon dioxide sales for enhanced oil recovery could
reduce the required plant-gate methanol price in some
areas near oil fields amenable to carbon dioxide injec-
tion techniques. Contains a literature review with 50
references.
Keywords: "Coal gasification, "Methanol, "Bituminous
coal, Lignite, Cost estimates, Carbinols, Desulfuriza-
tion, Transportation, Alternate fuels.
PB86-197167/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Pattern Recognition Studies of Complex Chroma-
tographic Data Sets. Journal article,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park.
P. C. Jurs, B. K. Lavine, and T. R. Stouch. C1985, 9p
EPA/600/J-85/386
Contract EPA-R-811037
See also PB86-165776. Pub. in Jnl. of Research of the
National Bureau of Standards, v90 n6 p543-549 Nov-
Dec 85. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research T riangle Park, NC.
Chromatographic fingerprinting of complex biological
samples is an active research area with a large and
growing literature. Multivariate statistical and pattern
recognition techniques can be effective methods for
the analysis of such complex data. However, the clas-
sification of complex samples on the basis of their
chromatographic profiles is complicated by two fac-
tors: (1) confounding of the desired group information
by experimental variables or other systematic vari-
ations, and (2) random or chance classification effects
with linear discriminants. The report focuses on sever-
al current projects Involving these effects and methods
for dealing with the effects. Complex chromatographic
data sets often contain information dependent on ex-
perimental variables as well as information which dif-
ferentiates between classes. The existence of these
types of complicating relationships is an innate part of
fingerprint-type data. ADAPT, an interactive computer
software system, has the clustering, mapping, and sta-
tistical tools necessary to identify and study these ef-
fects in realistically large data sets. In one study, pat-
tern recognition analysis of 144 pyrochromatograms
(PyGCs) from cultured skin fibroblasts was used to dif-
ferentiate cystic fibrosis carriers from presumed
normal donors. In another study, gas chromatographic
profiles of cuticular hydrocarbon extracts obtained
from 179 fire ants were analyzed using pattern recog-
nition methods to seek relations with social caste and
colony. Confounding relationships were studied by lo-
gistic regression. The data analysis techniques used in
these two example studies will be presented.
Keywords: "Chromatographic analysis, 'Pattern rec-
ognition, Chemical analysis, Calibrating, Reaction ki-
netics, Mathematical models, Spectroscopic analysis,
Crystallography, Random walk, Polymers, Compari-
son, Experimental design, Electrochemistry, Reprints,
Kalman filtering, Procedures, Chemometrics.
PB86-197175/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Bibliography for Lead. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Apr 86, 351 p EPA/600/9-85/035F
See also PB81-117681.
Over 5000 publications pertaining to lead are listed in
the bibliography. For the most part, these are articles
dealing with the health effects of lead published since
1977. Each entry was verified against an actual copy
of the publication it represents; particular attention was
devoted to the accuracy and consistency of the infor-
mation presented here.
Keywords: "Bibliographies, "Lead(Metal), "Toxicol-
ogy, Lead inorganic compounds, Water quality, Metals,
Criteria, Toxicity, Exposure, Carcinogens, Public
health, Residues, Experimental data, Lead organic
compounds, Aquatic biology, Marine biology, "Toxic
substance, "Water pollution effeets(Humans), "Water
pollution effects(Animals), Heavy metals, Environmen-
tal health, Maximum permissible exposure, Bioaccu-
mulation.
PB86-197332/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Nutrient Limitation and Adaption of Microbial
Populations to Chemical Transformations. Journal
article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
D. L. Lewis, H. P. Kollig, and R. E. Hodson. c1986,8p
EPA/600/J-86/043
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v51
n3 p598-603 Mar 86. Prepared in cooperation with
Georgia Univ., Athens.
Using field-collected periphyton and bacterial isolates,
the authors determined adaptation lag periods for mi-
crobial transformation of p-cresol. Lag periods were
longer for periphyton samples collected from field sites
that were low in dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phos-
phorus. Moreover, lag periods decreased in samples
amended with N or P. The data suggest that adapta-
tion lag periods for microbial transformation of low
concentrations of chemicals may correlate with limiting
nutrient concentrations, and this correlation may pro-
vide a basis for predictive mathematical modeling of
lag periods. (Copyright (C) 1986, American Society for
Microbiology.)
Keywords: "Nutrients, "Microbiology, "Bacteria,
"Water pollution, Cresols, Populations, Phenols, Inor-
ganic nitrates, Inorganic phosphates, Adaptations,
oncentration(Composition), Sites, Correlation, Math-
ematical models, Reprints, Lag time.
PB86-197456/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health Effects of Land Application of Municipal
Sludge. Research rept.,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
N. E. Kowal. Sep 85,88p EPA/600/1 -85/015
The potential health effects arising from the land appli-
cation of muncipal sludge are examined, and an ap-
praisal of these effects made. The agents, or pollut-
ants, of concern from a health effects viewpoint are di-
vided into the categories of pathogens and toxic sub-
stances. The pathogens include bacteria, viruses, pro-
tozoa, and helminths; the toxic substances includeor-
ganics, trace elements, and nitrates. For each agent of
concern the types and levels commonly found in mu-
nicipal wastewater and sludge are briefly reviewed. A
discussion of the levels, behavior, and survival of the
agent in the medium or route of potential human expo-
sure, i.e., aerosols, surface soil and plants, subsurface
soil and groundwater, and animals, follows as appro-
priate. Infective dose, risk of infection, and epidemiolo-
gy are then briefly reviewed. Finally, some general
conclusions are presented.
Keywords: "Sludge disposal. "Sewage sludge, Public
health, Urban areas, "Land application, Pathogens,
Toxic substances.
PB86-197882/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Summary Overview of Health Effects Associated
with Chloroprene: Health Issue Assessment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Aug 85,21p EPA/600/8-85/011F
The purpose of the report is to summarize available in-
formation concerning possible health effects associat-
ed with exposure to chloroprene. Emphasis has been
placed on reviewing the available information useful
for determining whether or not chloroprene affects
human health at air concentrations which might be en-
countered by the general public under ambient condi-
tions. The summary addresses the acute and chronic
toxicity, reproductive effects, mutagenicity, and car-
cinogenicity of chloroprene. Also discussed is back-
ground information on air quality aspects of chloro-
prene, including sources, distribution, and fate.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Chlorine organic compounds,
Exposure, Physiological effects, Humans,
Reproduction(Biology), "Chloroprene, "Air pollution
effects(Humans), Mutagenesis, Carcinogenesis.
PB86-197829/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park. NC.
Computer Assisted Studies of Structure-Activity
Relations Using Pattern Recognition. Journal arti-
National Science Foundation, Washington, DC.
P. C. Jurs. 1983,13p
Pub. in Drug Information Jnl., v17 n4 p219-229 Nov 83.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Structure-activity relationships (SAR) can be investi-
gated for large sets of biologically active compounds
using computer-assisted methods. The combination of
chemical structure information handling, molecular
mechanics model building, substructure searching,
and related methods along with pattern recognition
and statistical analysis provided an approach to SAR
studies. An interactive computer software system,
called ADAPT, has been implemented to automate the
approach to SAR studies and to allow its application to
large sets of organic compounds. A number of SAR
studies have been performed using ADAPT, including
studies of pharmaceuticals, anti-tumor compounds, ol-
factory stimulants, and genotoxic compounds (muta-
genic or carcinogenic compounds). Results of two
studies are discussed in detail: a study of 9-anilino-ac-
ridine anti-tumor compounds, and a study of N-nitroso
carcinogens.
Keywords: "Pattern recognition, "Drugs, Reprints.
Computer applications, "Structure activity relations,
'Molecular structure, Biological activity.
PB86-197837/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
National Survey of Hazardous Waste Generators
and Treatment, Storage and Dlapoaal Facilities
Regulated Under RCRA (Resource Conservation
ana Recovery Act) in 1981,
Westat, Inc., Hockville, MD. Research Div.
S. Dietz, M. Emmet, R. DiGaetano, D. Tuttle, and C.
Vincent. 20 Apr 84,334p EPA/530/SW-84/005
Contract EPA-68-01-6861
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The report presents results of extensive statistical
survey of hazardous waste handlers regulated under
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act in 1981.
Survey procedures and statistical reliability are docu-
mented. Major findings are presented, including best
estimates of the number of regulated generaters.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Generators, 'Hazardous wastes, 'Solid
waste disposal, 'Waste treatment, United States, Sur-
veys, Licenses, Regulations, Management, Tracking,
Volume, Storage, Resource Conservation and Recov-
ery Act and Amendments of 1981.
PB86-197860/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Ground-Water Data Management with STORET,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
W. Blake-Coleman, and N. Dee. Mar 86,253p EPA/
600/M-86/007
The manual has been designed to address both
ground-water quality data and the related well site
characteristics. For non-USGS wells, appropriate
fields have been added to include the information on
site characteristics. Much of the information has been
adopted from the site characteristics information found
in the USGS Ground-Water Site Inventory (GWSI). See
Section 5.6 for additional information on the system.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Water pollution, Manuals,
Sites, Inventories, Informational retrieval, Data man-
agement, STORET.
P888-197951/HSU	PC A22/MF A01
Proceedings of the Workshop on the SENCAR
Mouse in Toxicologlcal Testing Held at Cincinnati,
Ohio on May 1-2,1985,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.
M. Robinson. May 86, 509p EPA/600/9-86/012
Prepared in cooperation with Eastern Research
Group, Inc., Arlington, MA.
Since the establishment of the more tumor susceptible
SENCAR stock of mice, it has been used extensively in
carcinogenesis assays by government agencies, aca-
demia, and commercial laboratories. The model has
facilitated substantial cancer research involving
mechanistic studies, as well as testing of various
classes of chemicals, and complex mixtures such as
organic extracts of drinking water, automobile exhaust,
and consumer products, all of which are of particular
concern to the regulatory agencies. The purpose of
the EPA Workshop on the SENCAR Mouse in Toxico-
logical Testing is to provide a forum for the discussion
of research data related to the use of the animal
model. The workshop critically addresses the perform-
ance of the SENCAR mosue as a carcinogenesis
assay model.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Bioassay, 'Toxicology, 'Mice,
Laboratory animals, 'Animal models, Carcinogenesis.
PBB6-198371/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Assessment of Solid Waste Characteristics and
Control Technology for Oil Shale Retorting. Final
rept. for Sep 83-Feb 85,
Monsanto Co., Dayton, OH.
A. K. Agarwal. May 86,355p EPA/600/7-86/019
Contract EPA-68-01-6487
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report presents information on oil shale deposits
in the eastern and western parts of the United States,
their geological subdivisions, locations, tonnage, and
physical and chemical characteristics. Characteristics
of solid and liquid wastes produced from various oil
shale processing technologies and control methods
are presented. Also included are results from an ex-
perimental study to construct liners and covers for dis-
posal of spent shale. A compilation of available data
on the auto-ignition potential of raw and spent shales
indicates a similarity between raw shale fines and bitu-
minous coals.
Keywords: 'Oil shale, 'Waste disposal. Pollution,
Wastes, Autoignition.
PB86-198892/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
park NC
Numerical Index for Characterizing Data Set Sep-
aration. Journal article,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park.
D. H. Lafemina, and P. C. Jurs. c1985, 6p EPA/6Q0/J-
85/385
Contract EPA-R-811037
Pub. in Jnl. of Chemical Information and Computer Sci-
ences 25, p386-388 1985. Sponsored by Health Ef-
fects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A method is reported for assessing the degree of sep-
aration between two clusters of points representing
chemical data. The method, based on trend vectors,
has been tested on both randomly generated and
actual data sets. The index is intended to be a quick
method for detecting the relative degree of separation
between data sets (i.e., suitability of descriptors being
used) in structure-activity studies or other pattern-rec-
ognition studies.
Keywords: "Chemistry, 'Pattern recognition, Organic
compounds, Indexes(ratios), Numerical analysis, Mo-
lecular structure, Chemical reactivity, Reprints, 'Data
sets, Computer applications.
PB86-199049/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Computer-Assisted Studies of Molecular Struc-
ture and Genotoxic Activity by Pattern Recogni-
tion Techniques. Journal article,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park.
T. R. Stouch, and P. C. Jurs. C1985,17p EPA/600/J-
85/384
Contract EPA-R-811037
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v61 p329-
343 1985. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Often a compound's biological activity is determined
by complex relationships between its structural com-
ponents. Such a relationship often can only be ade-
quately described and exploited by multivariate struc-
ture-activity relationship (SAR) studies that can deal
with many variables simultaneously. Pattern recogni-
tion (PR) is a multivariate technique that is well suited
for the qualitative, active-inactive, data that is often
supplied by biological assays. PR studies of com-
pounds of known activity can yield information that will
allow the prediction of the activity of untested com-
pounds, ADAPT is a computerized system that was de-
veloped for such PR-SAR studies. A general introduc-
tion to the field is presented and the methodology used
for such a study is described in the context of an actual
study of mutagenic compounds. The data require-
ments, descriptor generation, and the details of a PR
study are discussed. In addition, the example study
was chosen to highlight the problems that may occur if
a study is not well formulated and carefully executed.
Current work and future plans for computerized muta-
gen screening are discussed.
Keywords: 'Pattern recognition, 'Molecular structure,
Reprints, 'Genotoxicity, Computer applications.
PB86-199130/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Guide for
Infectious Waste Management,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
J. W. Sales. May 86, 92p" EPA/530/SW-86/014
The infectious waste document provides guidance on
the management of infectious waste. The document
presents the EPA perspective on acceptable infec-
tious waste management practices. Topics include the
definition of infectious waste and recommended prac-
tices for packaging, treatment, transportation, storage,
and disposal of these wastes. The document also con-
tains an updated summary of State requirements and
regulations.
Keywords: 'Waste management, 'Infectious dis-
eases, Hazardous materials, Solid waste disposal,
Handling, Packaging, Guidelines, Regulations, Re-
quirements, Infectious disease transmission.
PB86-199361/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
TERRE-TOX: A Data Base for Effects of Anthro-
pogenic Substances on Terrestrial Animals. Jour-
na| Qrticl©
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
S. M. Meyers, and S. M. Schiller. C1986,6p EPA/600/
J-86/051
Contract EPA-68-03-3246
Pub. in Jnl. of Chemical Information and Computer Sci-
ences 26, p33-36 1986. Sponsored by Corvallis Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., OR.
TERRE-TOX is a new data base developed for the US
Environmental Protection Agency to aid in evaluating
premanufacturing notices and research. TERRE-TOX
contains published (1970 to present) information on
toxicity of anthropogenic substances to terrestrial ani-
mals. Currently species are limited to wildlife, bees,
earthworms, and laboratory rodents where the sul>
stance involved is likely to affect wildlife. When
records from the Denver Wildlife Research Center are
incorporated, there will be approximately 15000 stud-
ies dealing with acute toxicity, behavior, reproduction,
physiological, and biochemical responses. Additional
information on the chemical used for each study, test
organisms, and test conditions is also provided.
TERRE-TOX is designed to become part of SPHERE
(Scientific Parameters for Health and Environment,
Retrieval and Estimation) within the Chemical Informa-
tion System(CIS). In addition, capabilities for research
into structure-activities relationships (SAR) will be pos-
sible after link-up with SANSS (Structure and Nomen-
clature Search System).
Keywords: 'Data bases, 'Information systems, Ani-
mals, Reprints, 'Toxic substances, 'Anthropogenic
substances, TERRE-TOX.
PB86-199379/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparisons of Single-Species, Microcosm and
Experimental Pond Responses to Atrazine Expo-
sure. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. P. Larsen, F. deNoyelles, F. Stay, and T. Shiroyama.
C1986,14p EPA/600/J-86/050
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v5
P179-190 1986. Prepared in cooperation with Kansas
Univ., Lawrence.
Results from single-species toxicity tests form the
basis for guidance about concentrations of chemicals
that are likely to be environmentally hazardous. Micro-
cosm bioassays have been proposed as better tools
for this purpose under some circumstances. Rarely
have comparisons been made among the responses
in the various test systems and those seen in natural
communities. The authors compared the responses
among single-species algal assays, a synthetic micro-
cosm (the Taub microcosm) and experimental ponds
exposed to similar concentrations of atrazine by com-
paring concentrations of atrazine that reduced algal
activity or biomass to 50% of control values(EC50).
Eight algal species were examined; mean species
EC50 values were 103 to 159ug/L for 14C uptake
ranged from 37 to 308 ug/L. For the Taub microcosm,
EC50 values were 103 to 159 ug/L for 14C uptake,
126 to 165 ug/L for dissolved oxygen production and
106 to 164 ug/L for dissolved oxygen consumption.
Values were dependent on the time intervals selected
for calculations. In the ponds, EC50 values for 14C
uptake were 100 ug/L and for chlorophyll a, 82 ug/L.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Indicator species, 'Hazard-
ous materials, Comparison, Exposure, Responses,
Reprints, 'Atrazine, Bioindicators, Toxic substances.
PB86-199403/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Incineration and Treatment of Hazardous Waste:
Proceedings of the Annual Research Symposium
(11th) Held at Cincinnati, Ohio on April 29-May 1.
1986.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Sep 85.271 p* EPA/600/9-85-028
See also PB85-196376.
The Eleventh Annual Research Symposium on Land
Disposal, Remedial Action, Incineration and Treatment
of Hazardous Waste was held in Cincinnati, Ohio, April
29-May 1,1985. The purpose of the symposium was to
present to persons concerned with hazardous waste
management the latest significant findings of ongoing
and recently completed research projects funded by
the Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Labora-
tory's Alternative Technologies Division and Land Pol-
lution Control Division. This volume is a compilation of
speakers' papers for Session B concerning hazardous
waste incineration and treatment Subjects include
thermal treatment and destruction, air pollution con-
trol, biological and chemical treatment, bench and pilot
scale research, industrial processes and boilers, and
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
economics and institutional studies. The document
covers Hazardous Waste Incineration and Treatment
only. A separate document for Session A, Hazardous
Waste Land Disposal, is available from the Hazardous
Waste Engineering Research Laboratory (EPA/600/9-
85/013).
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Meetings, "Solid
waste disposal, Earth fills, Design, Leaching, Transport
properties, Revision, Waste treatment, Linings, Mem-
brane, Assessments, Air pollution, "Land disposal,
"Waste management, Surface impoundments, Envi-
ronmental transport, Underground disposal.
PB86-199429/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Toxicity of Metals to the Earthworm 'Eisenia
fetida'. Journal article,
New York State Coll. of Agriculture and Life Sciences,
Ithaca. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering.
E. F. Neuhauser, R, C. Loehr, D. L. Milligan, and M. R.
Malecki. C1985, 7p EPA/600/J-85/388
Contract EPA-R-810006-2
Pub. in Biology and Fertility of Soils 1, p149-152 1985.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Development of methods to measure the effect of
man's residuals on soil ecosystems is desirable. Earth-
worms, as one of the largest and most easily obtained
components of the soil biota, are suitable for evaluat-
ing perturbations to soil ecosystems. The impact of
five metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) on the survival of
the earthworm Eisenia fetida (Savigny) was evaluated
using the contact and artificial soil tests. There was no
difference in toxicity between the different metal salts
(acetate, chloride, nitrate, and sulfate) of each of the
five metals using the contact test. In the contact test,
the order of toxicity, from most toxic to least toxic, was
CU>Zn>Ni = Cd>Pb. The nitrate salt of the five
metals was tested using the artificial soil test and the
order of toxicity, from most to least toxic, was
Cu=Zn = Ni>Cd>Pb. Stress on earthworm popula-
tions, as shown by weight loss, was shown to increase
with increasing concentrations of metal salts.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Worms, "Metals, Reprints,
Eisenia fetida, Heavy metals.
PB86-199460/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Production of Low Molecular Weight Cadmium-
Binding Proteins in Rabbit Lung Following Expo-
sure to Cadmium Chloride. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. T. Post, K. S. Squibb, B. A. Fowler, D. E. Gardner,
and J. tiling. c1982,9p EPA/600/J-82/460
Pub. in Biochemical Pharmacology, v31 n18 p2969-
2975 1982. Prepared in cooperation with National Inst,
of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle
Park, NC., and Linkoeping Univ. (Sweden).
Low molecular weight cadmium-binding proteins were
studied in lung tissue from rabbits exposed to aerosols
of CdCI2. Lungs obtained from animals exposed by in-
halation to aerosols of 800 or 1600 micrograms/cu.m.
CdCI2 for 2-hr periods/day, every other day for a 5-day
period, were found to contain at least three low molec-
ular weight cadmium-binding proteins, two of which
were similar electrophoreticaTly and spectrally to rabbit
liver metallothionein. The third protein(s), which ac-
counted for the majority of the cadmium in the soluble
fraction of the tissue, did not bind to an anionic ex-
change gel and did not appear to be a polymerized
form of metallothionein. Translocation studies of lung
cadmium suggest a long half-life for cadmium in lung
tissue following inhalation exposure, due perhaps to
the high affinity of cadmium for specific lung cadmium-
binding proteins. A small but significant redistribution
of lung cadmium did occur to both kidney and liver
tissue with time.
Keywords: 'Cadmium chloride, "Proteins, Rabbits,
Lung, Exposure, Binding, Pharmacology, Reprints.
PB88-1S947S/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
interspecfk: Variation In S02 Flux - Leaf Surface
'Versus' Intsrnal Flux, and Components of Leaf
Conductance. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. M. Olszyk, and D. T. Tingey. c1985,10p EPA/600/
J-85/389
Pub. in Plant Physiology 79, p949-956 1985. Prepared
in cooperation with California Univ., Riverside. State-
wide Air Pollution Research Center.
The object of the study was to clarify the relationships
among stomatal, residual, and epidermal conduc-
tances in determining the flux of S02 air pollution to
leaves. Variations in leaf S02 and H20 vapor fluxes
were determined using four plant species: Pisum sati-
vum L. (garden pea), Lycopersicon esculentum Mill,
flacca (mutant of tomato), Geranium carolinianum L.
(wild geranium), and Diplacus aurantiacus (Curtis)
Jeps. (a native California shrub).
Keywords: "Sulfur dioxide, * Leaves(Botany), "Air pol-
lution, Water vapor, Vegetables, Shrubs, Ornamental
plants, Gas flow, Plant growth,
Concentration(Composition), Plant physiology, Bound-
ary layer, Diffusion, Resistance, Corrections, Reprints,
Stomato.
PB86-199486/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Incubation and Activation Conditions on
the Hepatocyte-Mediated Plate Incorporation and
Preincubation 'Salmonella typhlmurium' Mutagen-
esis Assays. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
K. Williams, J. Inmon, and J. Lewtas. C1983,12p EPA/
600/J-83/339
Pub. in Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagen-
esis 3, p367-376 1983.
Primary cell-mediated microbial mutagenesis assays
have been shown to be useful in detecting specific
target organ genotoxic activity. The lack of a standard
protocol for these assays, however, makes interlabor-
atory comparisons difficult. In order to standardize the
hepatocyte-mediated Salmonella typhimurium muta-
genesis assay, incubation and activation conditions for
the plate incorporation and preincubation assays were
examined using two aromatic amines, 2-aminofluorene
(AF) and 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF). Direct compari-
son of two preincubation protocols demonstrated the
necessity for the hepatocytes to be present during the
two- to three-day plate incubation period. An examina-
tion of various preincubation times showed relatively
minor differences between 15 and 90 minutes. The
preincubation and plate incorporation protocols were
directly compared using both hamster and rat hepato-
cytes.
Keywords: "Hepatocytes, "Toxicology, Reprints, "Mu-
tagenesis, Salmonella typhimurium, Aminofluorene,
Acetylaminofluorene.
PB86-199593/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Responses and Effects of UV-Q. Symposium paper,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.
R. C.Worrest. 1985,14p
Grant EPA-R-8102B8
Pub. in Environmental Consequences of Nuclear War
(Scope 28), Vol. 2. Ecological and Agricultural Effects,
Section 3.2, p174-184 Dec 85. Sponsored by Corvallis
Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Potential stratospheric ozone perturbations following a
nuclear war would be highly dependent on the yield of
the Individual explosions. The senario involving mainly
high-yield nuclear weapons described in Vol. I yields a
maximum ozone column depletion of 44% after 6
months. Scenarios involving lower yield weapons
would produce little stratospheric ozone reduction. As
calculated with simple one-dimensional models as-
suming an unperturbed climate, maximum ozone de-
pletion would be reached in 6-12 months, and a deple-
tion of at least 10% could persist for about 3 to 6 years
for the high-yield scenario. The effectively instantane-
ous meridional and longitudinal spreading that occurs
in the one-dimensional model utilized in these calcula-
tions may under-estimate ozone reduction in the
Northern mid-latitudes for the first few months, when
the injected NOx would remain peaked over the in-
volved areas. Increases in ultraviolet flux at the surface
would depend on latitude and season, and absorption
by intervening clouds of smoke and other species.
Keywords: "Radiation effects, Ozone, Agriculture,
Ecology, Reprints, "Nuclear war, Air pollution, Biologi-
cal effects.
PB86-199775/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Chicago Air Quality: PCB (Polychlorinated Bi-
phenyl) Air Monitoring Plan. Phase 2. Final rept.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Air Pollution Control.
Apr 86,162p IEPA/APC/86-011
See also PB85-178424.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have significant
commercial value because of their high chemical and
physical stability, resistance to fire, Tow vapor pres-
sure, and high dielectric (insulating) strength. The
chemical stability and physical properties of PCBs that
have made them commercially valuable also makes
their safe disposal difficult. The environmentally pre-
ferred option for disposing of PCB containing wastes is
incineration. In order to provide assurance that the op-
eration of the SCA incinerator did not represent a
threat to public health, the Illinois EPA initiated an air
sampling study in the vicinity to measure the levels of
PCBs in the ambient air. Quality control checks con-
ducted during the study revealed a previously un-
known weakness in the analysis method which caused
the quantitative results to be unreliable. A revised
method has now been validated and will be used to
further characterize ambient air quality and assess the
environmental impact, if any, of the incineration of
PCBs in Chicago. The document presents the overall
plan for the project. Objectives: (1) Quantitatively de-
termine PCB levels in the ambient air at three locations
in the area of impacted by the SCA incinerator in
southeast Chicago; (2) Correlate the air sampling re-
sults and meteorological conditions with the operation-
al parameters from tne SCA incinerator; (3) Assess the
environmental impact associated with the incineration
of PCBs; (4) Establish background concentrations of
PCBs in the ambient air in the area.
Keywords: "incinerators, "Air pollution, "Solid waste
disposal, Chemical analysis, "Polychlorinated biphen-
yls, "Air pollution sampling, "Air pollution detection,
"Air quality, Toxic substances, Chicago(lllinois).
PB86-199841/HSU	PC A02/MF AOI
EPA's LIMB (Environmental Protection Agency's
Limestone Injection Multistage Burner) Develop-
ment and Demonstration Program. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
R. V. Hendriks, and P. S. Nolan. c1986, 9p EPA/600/
J-86/049
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v36
n4 p432-438 Apr 86. See also PB86-156536. Prepared
i(i cooperation with Babcock and Wilcox Co., Barber-
ton, OH.
The paper describes and discusses key design fea-
tures of the retrofit of EPA's Limestone injection Mul-
tistage Burner (LIMB) system to an operating, wall-
fired utility boiler at Ohio Edison's Edgewater Station,
based on the preliminary engineering design. The full-
scale demonstration is expected to prove the effec-
tiveness and cost of the LIMB concept for use on
large-scale utility boilers. To date, a preliminary engi-
neering design for the Edgewater unit has been pre-
pared incorporating the technology developed in
smaller-scale studies. EPA is engaged in a multi-year
program to develop an improved control technology
for emission of sulfur and nitrogen oxides (SOx and
NOx) from the combustion of fossil fuels. The technol-
ogy, called LIMB, involves staged-flow coal burners
and injection of a reactive sorbent into the furnace to
reduce emissions.
Keywords: *Air pollution control equipment, "Sulfur
oxides, "Nitrogen oxides, "Burners, "Boilers, Combus-
tion products, Fossil fuels, Economic analysis, 'Lime-
stone injection multistage burners, "Low nitrogen
oxides concentration firing systems, Pollution control,
Coal fired power plants.
PB86-199882/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Stream Transport and Agricultural Runoff of Pes-
ticides for Exposure Assessment: A Methodology.
Part A. Text and Appendices A through F. Final
rept. Aug 83-Sep 85,
Anderson-Nichols and Co., Inc., Palo Alto, CA.
A. S. Donigian, D. W. Meier, and P. P. Jowise. Mar 86,
774p EPA/600/3-86/011 A
Contract EPA-068-03-3116
See also PB86-199890. Sponsored by Environmental
Research Lab., Athens, GA.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
To predict the potential environmental or human
health risk posed by agricultural pesticides, exposure
assessments require the estimation of chemical con-
centrations in field runoff and in associated streams. In
the report, a methodology is described for estimating
the mean, maximum, frequency, and duration of pesti-
cide concentrations, and the maximum daily pesticide
runoff and its frequency for various agricultural crops
and regions across the country. The Stream Transport
and Agricultural Runoff of Pesticides for Exposure As-
sessment Methodology (called STREAM for conven-
ience of reference) is designed for screening level
analyses to provide the order-of-magnitude accuracy
appropriate for exposure assessment with minimal in-
vestment in time and resources.
Keywords: 'Runoff, "Pesticides, 'Stream pollution,
Agricultural, Concentration(Composition), Estimating,
Farm crops, Mathematical models, Assessments,
Corn plants, Soybeans plants, Watersheds, Cotton
plants, Wheat plants, Grain sorghum plants,
Graphs(Charts), Agricultural watersheds.
PB86-199B90/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Stream Transport and Agricultural Runoff of Pes-
ticides for Exposure Assessment: A Methodology.
Part B. Appendices G through K. Final rept. Aug 83-
Sep 85,	M
Anderson-Nichols and Co., Inc., Palo Alto, CA.
A. S. Donigian, D. W. Meier, and P. P. Jowise. Mar 86
413p EPA/600/3-86/011B
Contract EPA-68-03-3116
See also PB86-199882. Sponsored by Environmental
Research Lab., Athens, GA.
To predict the potential environmental or human
health risk posed by agricultural pesticides, exposure
assessments require the estimation of chemical con-
centrations in field runoff and in associated streams. In
the report, a methodology is described for estimating
the mean, maximum, frequency, and duration of pesti-
cide concentrations, and the maximum daily pesticide
runoff and its frequency for various agricultural crops
and regions across the country. The Stream Transport
and Agricultural Runoff of Pesticides for Exposure As-
sessment Methodology (called STREAM) is designed
for screening level analyses to provide the order-of-
magnitude accuracy appropriate for exposure assess-
ment with minimal investment in time and resources.
The specific crops included in STREAM are corn, soy-
beans, cotton, wheat, and sorghum.
Keywords: "Runoff, 'Pesticides, 'Stream pollution,
Sediment transport, Concentration(Composition),
Soils, Geology, Mathematical models, Time series
analysis, Corn plants, Soybean plants, Watersheds,
Cotton plants, Wheat plants, Grain sorghum plants,
Graphs(Charts), Fortran, Climate, Computer program-
ming, Agricultural watersheds.
PB86-200144/HSU	PC A21/MF A01
Agency for International Development, Washington,
Pesticide Resistance: Strategies and Tactics for
Management. Final rept.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
Apr 86,481 p ISBN-0-309-03627-5
Contract USDA-59-32R6-2-132, Grant EPA-R-
810761-01
Library of Congress catalog card no. 85-25919. Spon-
sored by Agency for International Development,
Washington, DC., Department of Agriculture, Washing-
ton, DC., and Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.
The report concluded that resistance is of growing
concern and that applying more and different pesti-
cides will not solve the problem. The report identified a
range of specific tactics farmers and public health
workers can use to deter resistance. These include:
varying dosages and application rates; new formula-
tions and synergists; treating only to economic thresh-
olds; more selective pesticides; applying them in new
sequences, and over small rather than large areas; de-
signing chemicals with new sites of action; use of pes-
ticide-resistant natural enemies; integrating chemical
with nonchemical methods; and developing pest-con-
trol measures that do not rely on chemicals.
Keywords: 'Tolerances(Physiology), 'Pesticides,
'Water pollution control, Organic compounds,
Dosage, Economic factors, Selection, Biochemistry,
Recommendations, Inorganic compounds, Detection,
606 Vol. 90, No. 24
Monitoring, Rodenticides, Management, Policies, Ar-
thropoda, Predators, Application rates.
PB86-200466/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse:
NATICH Data Base Report on State and Local
Agency Air Toxics Activities. Final rept.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Sep 85, 347p RAD-85-203-024-25-13
Contract EPA-68-02-3889
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The purpose of the report is to disseminate information
provided to the NATICH data base by state and local
air agencies on their air toxics activities. This computer
generated report supersedes manually prepared inter-
im reports published in September 1984 and March
1985. It both updates and extends the information in
the first two reports and contains information received
up until July 1985. The report includes a listing of state
and local agencies that have provided information to
the Clearinghouse, air toxics contacts, regulatory pro-
gram information, acceptable ambient concentrations
and standards, pollutant research information, meth-
ods development activities, permitting information,
source testing information, and ambient monitoring in-
formation.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Information sys-
tems, Data bases, Manuals, State government, Com-
puter programming, Bibliographies, Research projects,
'National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse,
'Toxic substances.
PB86-200854/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Carcinogenic Potential of Arsenic Compounds In
Drinking Water. Project summary rept.,
University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA.
D. Y. Shirachi, S. H. Tu, and J. P. McGowan. May 86,
56p EPA/600/1-86/003
Grant EPA-R-807235
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The primary objective of the research project was to
determine whether arsenite (Asltl), arsenate (AsV), di-
methylarsinic (DMA) and monomethylarsonic acid
(MA) were initiator carcinogens and/or promoters of
DENA-initiated tumors in the rat liver. The maximum
tolerated doses (MTD) of the arsenics to be used in
this study were determined by treating male Wistar rats
in the drinking water increasing concentrations ranging
from I0ppm-2560ppm for 7 weeks, depending upon
the arsenic studied. To determine whether the arsenic
compounds had an initiator or promoter activity, male
Wistar rats were partially hepatectomized, treated with
a single dose of diethylnitrosamine and on day 7 start-
ed treatment with the MTD of each arsenic for 7, 25
and 43 weeks in the drinking water.
Keywords: 'Arsenic, 'Carcinogens, "Rats, 'Water pol-
lution, Concentration(Composition), Liver, Dosage, Ar-
senates, Drinking water.
PB86-200862/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Distribution of Urethane and Its Binding to DNA,
RNA, and Protein In SENCAR and BALB/c Mice
Following Oral and Dermal Administration. Journal
article,
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN.
A. A. Fossa, W. M. Baird, and G. P. Carlson. c1985,
22p EPA/600/J-85/401
Grant EPA-R-809744
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health
15, p635-654 May 85. Sponsored by Health Effects
Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
In the initiation-promotion (l/P) assay for mouse skin
tumorigenesis the initiating activity of various com-
pounds is dependent upon both route of administration
and strain of mouse tested. Urethane produces 3-fold
more skin papillomas per mouse when administered
orally than dermally in Senear mice. To examine the
biochemical basis for route and strain differences in
the l/P assay, the binding of 14-C-urethane to DNA,
RNA, and protein in mice susceptible (Senear) and rel-
atively resistant (Balb/c) to tumorigenesis by the pro-
tocol was determined. Binding of 14-C-urethane (0.062
mg/g body weight, 50 uCi/20 g body weight) to DNA,
RNA and protein 6 hours after oral administration
varied with tissue (liver > stomach > skin = lung) but
not with strain. Binding to DNA in skin, lung and stom-
ach, RNA in stomach and protein in stomach and liver
after 48 hours was significantly higher in Senear than
in Balb/c. Dermal application of 14-C-urethane result-
ed in several fold higher binding to liver DNA of Senear
mice than Balb/c mice. Forty-eight hours after dermal
application, significantly higher levels of 14-C-urethane
remained bound to skin DNA, RNA and protein Balb/c
mice, although all values were lower than at 6 hours
after treatment.
Keywords: 'Urethane, 'Toxicology, Deoxyribonucleic
acids, Ribonucleic acids, Binding, Mice, Laboratory
animals, Proteins, Metabolism, Reprints, 'Tumorigen-
esis.
PB86-200870/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Duration of Increased Pulmonary Function Sensi-
tivity to an Initial Ozone Exposure. Journal article,
California Univ., Santa Barbara. Inst, of Environmental
J. F. Bedi, D. M. Drechsler-Parks, and S. M. Horvath.
C1985,6p EPA/600/J-85/392
Grant EPA-R-807890
Pub. in Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. Jnl. 46(12), p731-734 Dec
85. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The metabolic and pulmonary function effects were in-
vestigated in 6 non-smoking, young adults who were
exposed for 2 hours (22 deg. WBGT) to: (1) Filtered air
(FA), (2) 0.45 ppm ozone (DAY), and (3) Two days later
to a second exposure to 0.45 ppm ozone exposure
(DAY2). The subjects alternated 20-minute periods of
rest and 20-minute periods of bicycle ergometer exer-
cise at a work load predetermined to elicit a VE of 27
L/min (BTPS). Functional residual capacity (FRC) was
determined pre- and post-expose. Forced vital capac-
ity (FVC) was determined before and after exposure,
as well as 5 minutes after each exercise period. Heart
rate was monitored throughout the exposure, and ven-
tilatory minute volume (VE), oxygen uptake (V02), res-
piratory rate (fR), and tidal volume (VT) were measured
during the last 2 minutes of each exercise period.
There were no changes in any variable consequent to
FA exposure. Both ozone exposures induced signifi-
cant (P<0.05) decrements in FVC, FEV-1, FEV-3, FEF
25-75%, and TLC. The decrements following the DAY
2 ozone exposure averaged 7.2% greater tnan those
following the DAY 1 exposure.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Toxicology, Respiratory system,
Humans, Metabolism, Sensitivity, Reprints, 'Air pollu-
tion effects(Humans).
PB86-200888/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Hypothermia on the In vivo Measure-
ment of Rapid Axonal Transport In the Rat: A Cau-
tionary Note. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. Padilla, and D, Lyerly. C1986,5p EPA/600/J-86/
054
Pub. in Jnl. of Neurochemlstry, v46 n4 pl227-1230 Apr
86. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services,
Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Rapid axonal transport of glycoproteins was examined
in the retinofugal projections of hypothermic and nor-
mothermic adult male Long-Evans hooded rats previ-
ously receiving intraocular injections of (3H)fucose.
The amount of retinal fucoaylation appeared normal in
the hypothermic animals 3.5 h after isotope injection,
but glycoprotein transport was reduced relative to nor-
mothermic controls. The reduction was especially pro-
nounced in the most distal structure of the retinofugal
tract (superior coiliculus). The authors conclude that
rapid axonal transport decreases with reductions in
mammalian body temperature. This finding empha-
sizes the importance of controlling body temperature
in in vivo studies of mammalian axonal transport.
Keywords: 'Hypothermia, Rats, Laboratory animals,
Glycoproteins, Reprints, 'Axonal transport, Fucosel
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-200896/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Investigation of HCB (Hexachlorobenzene) as a
Metabolite from Female Rats Treated Dally for Six
Days with Lindane. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. W. Chadwick, and M. F. Copeland. 1985, 7p EPA/
600/J-85/391
Pub. in Jnl. of Analytical Toxicology, v9 n6 p262-266
Nov/Dec 85.
The biotransformation of lindane to hexachloroben-
zene (HCB) by male rats was recently reported. Since
HCB has been widely detected in human milk samples,
and since the transplacental transfer of HCB to the
fetus has been demonstrated in several species, the
metabolism of lindane to HCB in female rats was in-
vestigated. Young adult female Fischer 344 rats were
dosed p.o. with either 20 mg lindane/kg/day or an
equivalent volume of the peanut oil vehicle. Feces
samples were collected daily for two consecutive 4-hr
intervals and a 16-hr interval. Twenty-four hours after
the final treatment, all rats were sacrificed and adipose
tissue samples were excised at necropsy. Extracts of
fat and feces samples were analyzed by gas-liquid
chromatography (GLC) on column packings ol differ-
ent polarity. Results of the study indicated that no sig-
nificant biotransformation of lindane to HCB occurred
in the female Fischer 344 rat.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Toxicology, Bioassay, Rats.
Laboratory animals, Tissues(Biology), Reprints, "Hex-
achlorobenzene, "Lindane, Metabolites.
PB86-200904/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Urinary Chlorobenzllate Residues in Citrus Field-
workers. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. Griffith, and R. C. Duncan. 1985,6p
Pub. in Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 35, n4 p496-
499 Oct 85.
In May 1976 the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) issued a notice of rebuttable presump-
tion against registration (RPAR) of pesticide products
containing chlorobenzilate, based on a presumptive
cancer risk, in the Federal Register (1976). On June
30, 1978, the EPA published a notice of determination
to conclude the RPAR process in the Federal Register
(1978) and in 1979 moved to cancel all non-citrus uses
of chlorobenzilate, limiting use to citrus crops in Cali-
fornia, Texas and Florida. At the time of the EPA deci-
sion several methods were available for monitoring CB
residues on crops and soil. However, methods for
human exposure assessment were relatively undevel-
oped. Subsequent to the EPA decision Brady et al.
(1980) published a method whereby urinary levels of
CB analyzed as p, p'-dichlorobenzophenone (DBP)
could be determined. A study, on a small number of
workers, by Levy et al. (1981) suggested that the
method was suitable for monitoring citrus field workers
for CB exposure.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Pesticides, Agricultural in-
dustry, Citrus crops, Residues, Field workers, Reprints,
"Chlorobenzilate, "Occupational safety and health.
PB86-200912/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Simple Method for the Representation, Quantifi-
cation, and Comparison of the Volumes and
Shapes of Chemical Compounds. Journal article,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park.
T. R. Stouch, and P. C. Jurs. C1986,12p EPA/600/J-
86/048
Grant EPA-R-811037
Pub. in Jnl. Chem. Int. Comput. Sci 26(1), p4-12 1986.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
A conceptually and computationally simple method for
the definition, display, quantification, and comparison
of the shapes of three-dimensional mathematical mo-
lecular models is presented. Molecular or solvent-ac-
cessible volume and surface area can also be calculat-
ed. Algorithms, programming considerations, accura-
cy, ana time and storage requirements are discussed.
The method requires no extensive programming skills
and could be implemented on a desk-top computer.
Keywords: 'Computer graphics, Mathematical models,
Volume, Algorithms, Organic compounds, Computer-
ized simulation, Molecular structure, Reprints, "Molec-
ular models, Surface area, Three dimensional.
PB86-200920/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Computer-Assisted Studies of Molecular Struc-
ture-Biological Activity Relationships. Journal arti-
cle,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Dept. of
Chemistry.
P. C. Jurs, T. R. Stouch, M. Czerwinski, and J. N.
Narvaez. c1985, 14p EPA/600/J-85/387
Grant EPA-R-811037
Pub. in Jnl. of Chemical Information and Computer Sci-
ences 25(3), p296-308 Aug 85. Sponsored by Health
Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Computer-assisted methods can be used to investi-
gate the relationships between the molecular struc-
tures of compounds and their biological activity. A
number of approaches have been reported in the liter-
ature, including correlations of activity with substituent
constants, conformational analysis and display, quan-
tum mechanical methods, and methods relying on dis-
criminant development and pattern-recognition tech-
niques. Application areas for the technology include
drug design, agricultural chemical design, and studies
of chemical toxicity and genetic toxicity (mutagenic or
carcinogenic potential). These structure-activity meth-
ods are introduced, and citations are given. Several
current structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies
using pattern recognition are presented as examples
of typical projects that are feasible with the approach.
They include the investigation of a set of 122 antiin-
flammatory steroids, a study of 153 retinoids for
cancer prevention, and a study of chemicals that have
been tested in a sister chromatid exchange mutagen
screen.
Keywords: "Molecular structure, Relationships, Re-
prints, "Biological activity, Computer applications,
"Structure activity relationship.
PB86-201126/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Computer Program Documentation for the En-
hanced Stream Water Quality Model QUAL2E.
Final rept. Aug 84-Jun 85,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
L. C. Brown, and T. 0. Barnwell. Aug 85,152p EPA/
600/3-85/065
Prepared in cooperation with Tufts Univ., Medford, MA.
Dept. of Civil Engineering.
Presented in the manual are recent modifications and
improvements to the widely used stream water quality
model QUAL-II. Called QUAL2E, the enhanced model
incorporates improvements in eight areas: (1) algal, ni-
trogen, phosphorus, and dissolved oxygen interac-
tions; (2) algal growth rate; (3) temperature; (4) dis-
solved oxygen; (5) arbitrary non-conservative constitu-
ents; (6) hydraulics; (7) downstream boundary concen-
trations; and (8) input/output modifications. QUAL2E,
which can be operated either as a steady-state or as a
dynamic model, is intended for use as a water quality
planning tool.
Keywords: "Stream pollution, Mathematical models,
Manuals, Water quality management. Meteorological
data, Diurnal variations, OUAL 2E model.
PB86-201241/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Variability of Aquifer Sorption Properties in a
Field Experiment on Groundwater Transport of
Organic Solute*: Methods and Preliminary Re-
sults. Journal article (Interim),
Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
D. M. Mackay, W. P. Ball, and M. G. Durant. c1986,16p
EPA/600/J-86/055
Grant EPA-R-808851
Pub. in Jnl. of Contaminant Hydrology 1, p119-132
1986. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Re-
search Lab., Ada, OK.
Methods to characterize the organic solute sorption
distribution coefficient, organic carbon content, and
specific surface area of aquifer solids from the site of a
field experiment on solute transport in groundwater
were refined for application to small subsamples of 10-
cm depth increments taken from 5-cm diameter cores.
Initial results indicate that the average sorption charac-
teristics of the Borden aquifer do not vary appreciably
along the trajectory of the solute plumes. However, the
sorption distribution coefficient of tetrachloroethylene
varied over nearly an order of magnitude among 10-cm
depth increments in one core sample. Preliminary evi-
dence suggests that the sorption distribution coeffi-
cients for four halogenated organic solutes vary pro-
portionally among core strata. (Copyright (c) 1986 El-
sevier Science Publishers B.V.)
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Ground water,
"Aquifers, "Water pollution, Adsorption, Solutes,
Plumes, Sampling, Tetrachloroethylene, Halohydro-
carbons. Depth, Field tests, Tables(Data), Reprints,
Path of pollutants.
PB86-201266/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Interpreting Organic Solute Transport Data from a
Field Experiment Using Physical Nonequilibrium
Models. Journal article (Interim),
Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
M. N. Goltz, and P. V. Roberts. c1986,19p EPA/600/
J-86/056
Grant EPA-R-808851
Pub. in Jnl. of Contaminant Hydrology 1, p77-93 1986.
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
In a field experiment, two inorganic tracers and five or-
ganic solutes were injected into an unconfined sand
aquifer. Breakthrough response curves were obtained
at several points downgradient of the injection zone.
These response curves are analyzed using a model
which assumes equilibrium sorption and two models
which postulate physical nonequilibrium. The physical
nonequilibrium models hypothesize the existence of
zones of immobile water, which act as diffusion
sources and sinks for the solutes. (Copyright (c) 1986
Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.)
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Aquifers, "Injection
wells, "Water pollution, Solutes, Diffusion, Mathemati-
cal models, Sands, Kinetics, Sampling,
Concentration(Composition), Chlorides, Reprints,
Tracer studies, "Path of pollutants.
PB86-201324/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Reduction of Hexachloroethane to Tetrachlor-
oethylene in Groundwater. Journal article (Interim),
Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
C. S. Criddle, P. L. McCarthy, M. C. Elliott, and J. F.
Barker. c1986,12p EPA/600/J-86/057
Grant EPA-R-808851
Pub. in Jnl. of Contaminant Hydrology 1, p133-142
1986. Prepared in cooperation with Waterloo Univ.
(Ontario). Dept. of Earth Sciences. Sponsored by
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
At the Canadian Forces Base, Borden, hexachloroeth-
ane (HCE) that was introduced into an unconfined
sand aquifer disappeared rapidly, with a half-life of
about 40 days. Laboratory-scale studies, initiated to
help assess the fate of HCE, indicated that it is reduc-
tively biotransformed to tetrachloroethylene (PCE)
both by aerobic cultures of wastewater microflora and
by microcosms containing unhomogenized Borden aq-
uifer material. The results also indicate that the agents
involved in the aquifer transformation of HCE to PCE
are not homogeneously distributed in the aquifer mate-
rial.
Keywords: Water chemistry, Water pollution, Organic
wastes, Reduction(Chemistry), Ground water, Re-
prints, "Ethylene/tetrachloro, "Ethane/hexachloro,
"Groundwater pollution, Fate of pollutants.
PB86-201332/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Abeorption of Lead from Drinking Water with
Varying Mineral Content. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. G. Miller, D. Greathouse, R. J. Bull, and J. U.
Doerger. 1985,11pEPA/600/J-85/398
Pub. in Advances in Modern Environmental Toxicol-
ogy, v9 ch25 P289-297 1985.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Lead (Pb) (200 ppm) was administered via drinking
water to rats for nine weeks. In addition, the rats were
grouped so that they received 75, 100,150 and 250%
of the minimum daily requirements (MDR) of calcium
(Ca), iron (Fe), and magnesium (Mg) as required for
normal growth. The exposures were arranged so that
no more than one element was varied within the same
animal groups, while maintaining 100% of the MDR of
all other elements and nutrients. Blood lead analysis
were performed at 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9 weeks after expo-
sure. Food and water consumptions and body weights
were measured each week (0-9). Some gross differ-
ences were seen both within and among the groups
with respect to milliliters water consumed vs. body
weight and grams of food consumed vs. body weight.
During the first few weeks of exposure, the mean
blood lead in animals fed 75% MDR of Ca, Fe, and Mg
at appeared less than those receiving 100% MDR of
the corresponding elements. There was a decrease in
mean blood lead concentration in animals receiving
150 and 250% of the MDR of Fe at the 7-9 week time
period, however, this was probably due to a slight de-
crease in water consumption during the time period.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), "Toxicology, Bioassay, Ab-
sorption, Rats, Laboratory animals, Dosage, "Heavy
metals, Drinking water.
PB86-201357/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Effect of Fees on Water Service Cutoffs and Pay-
ment Delinquencies. Final project summary rept. 2
Sep 81-3 Sep 86,
VoorheesColl., Denmark, SC.
F. A. Brimelow, and S. B. Veena. May 86,116p EPA/
600/2-86/054
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
A study was conducted to determine whether in-
creased water and sewer user fees have generated in-
creases in payment delinquencies and service cutoff
rates and whether they have created other problems
such as increased health hazards. Another objective
was to examine the varied user-charge structures, bill-
ing procedures, and methods of debt collection in
small utilities to identify procedures and policies that
might minimize any negative impact of sudden fee in-
creases on low-income customers. These data will be
used to assess the impact of any rate increases that
may occur as a result of small utilities raising rates to
pay for new technology mandated under the Safe
Drinking Water Act. Three separate studies were un-
dertaken. The first was a survey of management pro-
cedures and policies in 30 utilities. The second study
consisted of a survey of selected low-income custom-
ers in these utility service areas to evaluate customer
awareness and attitudes toward billing and debt col-
lection techniques, to assess any possible health haz-
ards connected with service cutoffs, and to prepare a
socioeconomic profile of families likely 1o be adversely
affected by sudden fee increases. Finally, monthly ag-
gregate data from three utilities that had experienced
fee increases were used to test the hypothesis that fee
increases generate increased delinquency and cutoff
rates. Water supply was concluded to be very price in-
elastic and no relationship was demonstrated between
rate increases and customer cutoffs.
Keywords: "Water services, "Surveys, Fees, Billing,
Policies, Low Income groups, Utilities, "User charges,
Delinquency, "Service cutoffs.
PB86-201365/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Development of Standard Methods for the Collec-
tion and Analysis of Precipitation. Rept. for May
83-Apr 86,
Illinois State Water Survey Div., Champaign.
M. E. Peden, S. R. Bachman, C. J. Brennan, B. Demir,
and K. O. James. May 86, 278p EPA/600/4-86/024
Grant EPA-R-810780
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring and Support
Lab.-Cincinnati, OH.
To provide the scientific community with a set of stand-
ardized procedures for the collection and analysis of
wet precipitation samples, an analytical methods
manual for use in acid deposition studies has been de-
veloped. The manual includes detailed methods docu-
mentation for the major inorganic constituents of inter-
est in wet deposition as well as guidelines for the col-
lection, preservation, and processing of samples. The
analytical methodologies include flame atomic absorp-
tion spectrophotometry, ion selective electrode, auto-
mated colorimetry, ion chromatography, and titrimetric
procedures.
Keywords: "Standards, *Precipitation(Meteorology),
"Water pollution, Evaluation, Collecting methods,
Manuals, Preserving, Processing, Accuracy, Flame
photometry, Colorimetric analysis, Spectrophotometry,
Chromatographic analysis, Volumetric analysis, Lab-
oratories, Comparison, "Acid precipitation.
PB86-201464/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Efficiency ol Human Rotavirus Propagation in Cell
Culture. Journal article,
Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH. Inst, of Medical Re-
search.
R. L. Ward, D. R. Knowlton, and M. J. Pierce. c1984,
10p EPA/600/J-84/373
Grant EPA-R-810341
Pub. in Jnl. of Clinical Microbiology, v19 n6 p748-753
Jun 84. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
The study was designed to find methods to reproduci-
bly propagate human rotaviruses from fecal speci-
mens and to determine the relationship between parti-
cle numbers and infectivity. Growth of virus was initially
compared in primary and continuous lines of monkey
kidney cells. Primary cells (African green and cynomol-
gus monkey kidney) supported virus growth directly
from fecal specimens much more efficiently than con-
tinuous lines of African Green (CV-1) or rhesus
(MA104) monkey kidney cells. Rotaviruses were
grown in primary cells from 14/14 fecal specimens of
different individuals collected over a three-year period.
Although rotaviruses in fecal samples could not always
be grown in the continuous cell lines, two passages in
primary cells appeared to fully adapt the viruses for
propagation in the continuous cell line tested (MA104).
The efficiency of rotavirus growth was quantified with
five of the fecal isolates. It was calculated that, on the
average, 1 out of every 46,000 passages in primary
cells, an average of 1 out of every 6,600 progeny virus
particles appeared to be infectious. Thus, rotaviruses
in fecal specimens were consistently grown in primary
cells and passage in these cells both increased virus
infectivity and adapted the viruses for growth in contin-
uous cell lines.
Keywords: "Cell cultures, 'Rotaviruses, Efficiency, Vi-
ruses, Humans, Growth, Monkeys, Reprints, Cell lines.
PB86-201472/HSVJ	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Virus Adsorption to Mineral Surfaces Is Reduced
by Microbial Overgrowth and Organic Coatings.
Journal article,
New York State Dept. of Health, Albany.
G. W. Fuhs, M. Chen, L. S. Sturman, and R. S. Moore.
C1985,18p EPA/600/J-85/400
Grant EPA-R-804743
Pub. in Microbial Ecology 11, p25-39 Mar 85. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
In experiments with strains of poliovirus, reovirus,
echovirus and Coxsackievirus, overgrowth with exopo-
lymer-forming bacteria reduced virus adsorption to
mineral surfaces. Adsorption was improved when or-
ganic materials adsorbed to minerals were removed by
low-temperature ashing. In a soil series, virus adsorp-
tion increased with soil depth. The paralleled a de-
crease in organic content, but differences in charge
development of the soil particles may also be involved.
Prolonged (40 year) irrigation with treated sewage ef-
fluents, leading to a buildup of organic coatings, also
decreased adsorption. However, saturation of the
virus-binding capacity of the soil as a result of continu-
ous exposure to virus-containing effluents was not ap-
parent.
Keywords: "Viruses, "Minerals, Adsorption, Organic
coatings, Soils, Reprints.
PB86-201480/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Nitrogen Dioxide Exposure and Lung Antioxidants
In Ascorbic Acid-Deficient Guinea Pigs. Journal ar-
ticle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
G. E. Hatch, R. Slade, M. K. Selgrade, and A. G. Stead
1986,12p EPA/600/J-86/053
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 82, n2
p351-359 Apr 86.
The authors have previously found that ascorbic acid
(A A) deficiency in guinea pigs enhances the pulmonary
toxicity of nitrogen dioxide (N02). The present study
showed that exposure to N02 (4.8 ppm, 3 hr) signifi-
cantly increased lung lavage fluid protein (a sensitive
indicator of pulmonary edema) only in guinea pigs fed
rabbit chow (a diet not supplemented with vitamin C)
for at least 7 days, at which time lung AA was about
50% of normal. The rabbit chow diet did not cause re-
duced body weight as did commercial synthetic scor-
butic diets, even when they were supplemented with
AA. After 14 days of feeding rabbit chow, lung AA was
reduced to 15% of control. At this time, alpha-tocoph-
erol (AT) in the same lungs was reduced to 85% of
control, and lung nonprotein sulfhydryls (NPSH) were
increased to 114% of control. Exposure of the guinea
pigs to N02 (4.5 ppm, 16 hr) increased wet lung weight
and further altered the antioxidants in deficient (but not
normally fed) animals in the following manner: NPSH
content was increased to 130% of control, AT was de-
creased to 74% of control, and AA was increased from
15 to 50% of control.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Nitrogen dioxide, "Antioxi-
dants, Lung, Bioassay, Guinea pigs, Laboratory ani-
mals, Ascorbic acid, Reprints.
PB86-201498/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Subchronic Toxicology of Humic Acid Following
Chlorination in the Rat. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
L. W. Condie, R. D. Laurie, and J. P. Bercz. 1985,13p
EPA/600/J-85/399
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health,
v15 n2 p305-314 Feb 85.
A subchronic 90-day study was conducted with chlor-
inated and non-chlorinated humic acids with male
Sprague-Dawley rats. Body weight gain, terminal
organ and body weights, food and fluid consumption,
clinical chemistries, hematological parameters, and
urinalyses were determined for all animals. Selected
organs were examined microscopially. Significant find-
ings were confined to those rats given the high dose of
chlorinated humic acid (1.0 g/L total organic carbon).
The terminal body weight and average weekly body
weight gain were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the
high dose group as compared to the distilled water
control group. The difference can be partially ex-
plained by a 16% lower daily fluid consumption. The
average weight of the kidneys was significantly higher
in the high chlorinated humic group as compared to
controls. Hematological parameters and clinical chem-
istry values were normal in all treatment groups. The
most significant finding was the increased incidence
and severity of hematuria in the high dose chlorinated
humic acid group.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Humic acid, "Chlorination,
Rats, Laboratory animals, Bioassay, Dosage, Reprints.
PB86-201506/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Immunoblot Analysis of Exospore Polypeptides
from Some Entomophillc Microsporia. Journal ar-
ticle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
W. S. Irby, Y. S. Huang, C. Y. Kawanishi, and W. M.
Brooks. C1986,10p EPA/600/J-86/052
Pub. in Jnl. Protozool. 33(1), n1 p 14-20 Jan 86. Pre-
pared in cooperation with North Carolina State Univ. at
Raleigh.
Immunological relationships between genera and spe-
cies of microsporidia were examined by immunoblot
analysis. Exospore polypeptides from 2 Nosema spp„
3 Vairimorpha spp., and 2 undescribed Vairimorpha-
like spp. were analyzed. Gel electrophoresis and im-
munoblot analysis revealed that a variety of polypep-
tides, most between 15,000 and 90,000 molecular
weight, were present on the exospore. The 3 Vairimor-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
pha spp. were highly related immunologically to each
other, but less so to the 2 Vairimorphalike undescribed
spp. The 2 Nosema spp. immunologically distant from
each other and from the Vairimorpha spp. Indirect evi-
dence, however, indicated that many internal spore
polypeptides present in both genera are similar. Cross-
reactivity between exospore polypeptides from ento-
mophilic microsporidia and antisera to a mammalian
microsporidium, Encephalitozoon cuniculi was very
limited.
Keywords: 'Exposures, "Polypeptides, Immunology,
Reprints, "Microsporidia, "Immunoblot analysis.
PB86-201688/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Serum Organochlorlne Residues in Florida Citrus
Workers Compared to the National Health and Nu-
trition Examination Survey Sample. Journal article,
Miami Univ., FL. School of Medicine.
J. Griffith, and R. C. Duncan. c1985,9p EPA/600/J-
85/395
Grant EPA-R-807051
Pub. in Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 35, n3 p411-
417 Sep 85. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The monitoring of organochloride residues is important
because they have a propensity to accumulate in the
tissues of man and animals. All chlorinated hydrocar-
bon insecticides can be absorbed through dermal,
oral, and respiratory routes. Storage is determined pri-
marily by metabolic and excretion rates. Interactions
among the compounds have complex effects on me-
tabolism which appear to be species dependent. An
exhaustive review of research findings with respect to
these chemicals has been provided by Hayes (1982).
Organochlorine pesticides absorbed in sufficient
doses may result in severe dysfunction of the central
nervous system through interference with axonic
transmission of nerve impulses. Symptoms include be-
havioral changes, sensory and equilibrium disturb-
ances. (Copyright (c) 1985 Springer-Verlag New York
Inc.)
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Chlorine organic compounds.
Monitoring, Citrus trees, Hydrocarbons, Metabolism,
Respiration, Adsorption, Dosage, Behavior, Damage,
Liver, Heart.
PB86-201696/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Barium In Teeth as Indicator o< Body Burden.
Journal article,
Eastman Dental Center, Rochester, NY.
R. G. Miller, J. D. B. Featherstone, M. E. J. Curzon, T.
S. Mills, and C. P. Shields. c1985,12p EPA/600/J-85/
397
Contract EPA-68-03-3097
Pub. in Advances in Modern Environmental Toxicol-
ogy, v9 ch19 p211 -219 1985. Sponsored by Health Ef-
fects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A study was conducted to determine the biological
availability of naturally occurring barium in a municipal
drinking water by the analysis of barium In deciduous
teeth of children. The grade school children of two Illi-
nois towns were chosen for the study. The towns were
chosen based upon the barium content of their drink-
ing water supply, geographic proximity, population,
etnnic composition, and socio economic status of its
residents. The high barium town had an average drink-
ing water level of 10 mg/L and a mean of 36 micro-
grams Ba/g Ca in teeth of life-long residents drinking
city water compared to teeth levels of 7 micrograms
Ba/g Ca in the children of the low level barium town
whicn had a drinking water concentration of 0.2 mg/L
barium.
Keywords: "Barium, "Teeth, Children, Potable water,
Concentration(Composition), Illinois, Reprints, Drink-
ing water.
PM6-201704/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Metabolic Activation of Organic Extracts from
Diesel, Coke Oven, Roofing Tar, and Cigarette
Smoke Emissions In the Ames Assay. Journal arti-
C|£,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
K. Williams, and J. Lewtas. 1985,14p EPA/600/J-85/
393
Pub. in Environmental Mutagenesis 7(4), p489-500
Jul-Aug 85.
The role of metabolic activation in the difference be-
tween a microbial and mammalian bioassays in the
ranking of genotoxic potency of several environmental
emissions was investigated. Although the relative po-
tency in the Ames assay correlated well with the rela-
tive potency in mammalian cell and mouse skin for a
series of automotive emissions (diesel and gasoline)
this was not the case for the coke oven, roofing tar and
cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) emissions. The
study examined several parameters of the metabolic
activation with Salmonella typhimurium TA98 including
S9 concentration and a comparison of Aroclor-1254
induced with uninduced S9 from both rat and hamster
liver. The diesel emissions sample was direct acting
while the other samples required activation. The stand-
ard S9 concentration (approximately 1.25 mg protein/
plate) also produced the maximum mutagenic activity.
Induced S9s produced higher mutagenic activity than
uninduced. The hamster S9 gave significantly higher
mutagenic activies than rat S9 for the coke oven and
CSC.
Keywords: "Bioassay, "Toxicology, "Air pollution,
Emissions, Reprints, Ames test, Genotoxicity.
PB86-201712/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Sperm Count, Morphology and Fluorescent Body
Frequency in Autopsy Service Workers Exposed
to Formaldehyde. Journal article,
Texas Univ. Medical Branch at Galveston.
J. B. Ward, J. A. Hokanson, E. R. Smith, L. W. Chang,
and M. A. Perelra. C1984,10p EPA/600/J-84/372
Grant EPA-R-807548
Pub. in Mutation Research 130, p417-424 Dec 84.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The ability of a battery of genetic monitoring tests to
detect occupational formaldehyde exposure in a popu-
lation of a hospital autopsy service workers was inves-
tigated. Eleven exposed individuals and 11 matched
controls were evaluated for sperm count, abnormal
sperm morphology and 2 F-body frequency. Subjects
were matched for sex, age and customary use of alco-
hol. tobacco and marijuana. Additional information was
collected on health, medications and other exposures
to toxins. Ten subjects were employed for 4.3 months
(range 1 to 11 months) prior to the first sample and one
was employed for several years. Formaldehyde expo-
sures were episodic but with a time weighed average
between 0.61 and 1.32 pm (weekly exposure range 3
to 40 ppm. hrs). Exposed and control subjects were
sampled 3 times at 2 to 3 month intervals. Sperm mor-
phology was also evaluated in B6C3F1 mice after 5
daily oral doses of 100 mg/kg formalin. No increase in
abnormal morphology was detected in the treated ani-
mals.
Keywords: "Reproduction(Biology), "Toxicology, 'In-
dustrial medicine, Exposure, Reprints, "Formaldehyde,
Autopsies, "Occupational safety and health.
PB86-201720/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Oione on Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins
in the Rat. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. L. Mole, A. G. Stead, D. E. Gardner, F. J. Miller, and
J. A. Graham. 1985,11 p EPA/600/J-85/394
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 80(3),
p367-376 Sep 85.
Exposure of male rats to 0(air), 1, 1.75, and 3 ppm
ozone (03) 5 hr/day for a total of 10 days resulted in a
positive linear relationship between ozone concentra-
tion and the concentrations of serum total lipoprotein
free cholesterol (FCh) and high-density lipoprotein
total cholesterol (HDL-Ch). The latter response was
reflected in both its free (HDL-FCh) and esterified
(HDL-ChE) components. On the other hand, serum
triglycerides (TG) showed a marked decreasing linear
trend with increasing ozone concentration. As fudged
by decreased body weights with no accompanying dif-
ferences in feed consumption, apparent metabolic rate
increased as ozone concentration increased. In an-
other experiment, male rats were exposed 5 hr/day to
either air or 1 ppm 03 for a total of 15 days. Groups of
animals from each exposure were sampled at times
ranging from immediately after to 44 hr postexposure.
In agreement with the concentration response study,
effects of 03 included increases in serum total choles-
terol (Ch), HDL-Ch and HDL-FCh, and a decrease in
TG. In addition, the degree of effects appeared to be
maintained over the 44-hr period and to be greater
than that observed at 1 ppm 03 in the concentration-
response study.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Lipids, "Lipoproteins, "Toxicol-
ogy, Bioassay, Rats, Laboratory animals, Exposure,
Dosage, Reprints.
PB86-202S12/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Acute and Subchronlc Toxicity of 2,4-Dlchloro-
phenol In DC-1 Mice. Journal article,
Virginia Commonwealth Univ., Richmond. Dept. of
Pharmacology and Toxicology.
J. F. Borzelleca, J. R. Hayes, L. W. Condie, and J. L.
Egle. C1985,10p EPA/600/J-85/406
Grant EPA-R-808861
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, v5 n3
p478-486 Jun 85. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Male and female CD-1 mice were exposed to 2,4-dich-
lorophenol (DCP) in drinking water containing 10%
emulphor for 90 days at concentrations of 0.2,0.6, and
2.0 mg/ml. The mean daily consumption values
ranged from 46.3 to 542 mg/kg/day for females and
34.9 and 419 mg/kg/day in males. In both sexes,
water consumption was lower in the emulphor control
group than in the water controls. Female mice tended
to consume more of the solutions containing DCP than
the vehicle control. There were no significant differ-
ence in body weight gain between females in the vehi-
cle control and experimental groups. In males the rate
of increase was lower in 2 of 14 weeks at the mid-dose
and 4 of 14 weeks at the high dose. No differences
were found in terminal organ weights or organ weight
ratios in either sex. The only hematological differences
were an increase in leukocytes at the high dose and an
increase in polymorphonuclears at the low dose in
males. Clinical chemistry parameters were altered in
females only and include a decrease in creatinine (low
dose), an increase in BUN/creatinine ratio (mid dose)
and an increase in ALP (high dose).
Keywords: "Toxicology, Bioassay, Mice, Exposure,
Dosage, Reprints, "Phenol/dichloro.
PB86-202520/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
'Giardia muris': Ultrastructurai Analysis of 'In
vitro' Excystation. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. R. Coggins, and F. W. Schaefer. C1986,11p EPA/
600/J-86/058
Pub. in Experimental Parasitology 61, p219-228 Apr
86. Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Univ.-Mil-
waukee. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
Giardia muris cysts were examined by TEM before
treatment, post-induction, and at timed intervals during
incubation. Untreated G. muris cysts had a thick cyst
wall composed of a fibrous outer wall and a thin, elec-
tron dense inner membrane which extended from the
trophozoite plasma membrane. The cytoplasm was
devoid of endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, and mi-
tochondria. Numerous large vacuoles were present
within the ectoplasm just beneath the plasma mem-
brane in untreated cyst. Following induction these
cysts lacked ectoplasmic vacuoles. Concurrently, nu-
merous membrane-bound vesicles were seen in the
peritrophic space closely adhering to the surface of
the trophozoite. These vesicles appear to be of cyto-
plasmic origin. The cytoplasm of fully excysted tropho-
zoites lacked ectoplasmic vacuoles but displayed well
developed ribbons of microtubules, probably precur-
sors of the ventral disk, lateral flange, and median
bodies and also contained extensive endoplasmic re-
ticulum. No more than two nuclei were observed within
each organism. The earliest excysted organisms were
observed 0-5 minutes after incubation had begun, and
most organisms had excysted within 10 minutes. Cyto-
kinesis occurred only after excystation was complete.
Keywords: "Protozoa, "Cysts, In vitro analysis, Elec-
tron microscopy, Cultivation, Reprints, 'Giardia muris,
"Excystation.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-202538/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Relationship Between the ATP (Adenosine Tri-
phosphate) Content of Subsurface Material and
the Rate of Biodegradation of Alkylbenzenes and
Chlorobenzene. Journal article (Interim),
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
J. T. Wilson, G. D. Miller, W. C. Ghiorse, and F. R.
Leach. C1986, 9p EPA/600/J-86/063
Pub. in Jnl. of Contaminant Hydrology 1, p163-170 Feb
86. Prepared in cooperation with Oklahoma Univ.,
Norman. Environmental and Ground Water Inst., Cor-
nell Univ., Ithaca, NY., and Oklahoma State Univ., Still-
water. Dept. of Biochemistry.
The rate of biotransformation of toluene in unconsoli-
dated subsurface material from sites at Lula, Oklaho-
ma, USA and Conroe, Texas, USA was compared to
the ATP (adenosine triphosphate) content of these
materials. The rate of toluene degradation decreased
with decreasing ATP content. When ATP contents
were at or less than 0.05 ng/g, biotransformation of
toluene could not be detected (less than 1 % of the ini-
tial concentration was degraded per week). At interme-
diate concentrations of ATP, 0.37 and 0.16 ng/g, the
rates of toluene degradation were 18 + or - 4.5% and
25 + or -10% of the initial concentration per week. At
ATP concentrations above 1 ng/g, the rates of toluene
degradation exceeded 90% of the initial concentration
per week. There was no simple relationship between
ATP content and chlorobenzene degradation. Subsur-
face material that had been exposed to creosote
wastes, and which degraded toluene rapidly, also de-
graded benzene, o-xylene, and m-xylene.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, *Biodeterioration,
'Organic wastes, Subsurface drainage, Contaminants,
Chlorobenzenes, Toluene, Aromatic monocylic hydro-
carbons, Ground water, Water pollution, Reprints,
"Adenosine triphosphate.
PB86-202546/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Development of a Microcomputer Controlled
Multi-Probe Instrument for Automated Time-De-
pendent Measurement of Redox Potential and
Oxygen Diffusion Rate. Journal article 1 Nov 82-30
Apr 85,
Arkansas Univ. at Little Rock. Dept. of Electronics and
Instrumentation.
J. D. Hunt, D. K. Scoggins, R. M. Hawk, and R. A. Sims.
C1986,14p EPA/600/J-86/062
Grant EPA-R-810490
Pub. in Analytical Instrumentation 15(1), p51-62 Jan/
Mar 86. Prepared in cooperation with Arkansas Univ.,
Fayetteville. Dept. of Agronomy. Sponsored by Robert
S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
The objective of the project was to evaluate control
measurements available for parameters to serve as in-
dicators of biodegradation for a land treatment facility.
An earlier paper reported results of comparative stud-
ies between wax impregnated graphite electrodes
(WIGE) and platinum wire electrodes (PWE) to deter-
mine ODR and redox potential (Eh). The study indicat-
ed that WIGEs are less susceptible to oxide poisoning,
easily fabricated, relatively inexpensive, and more
stable in soil than PWEs. A second paper reported the
use of WIGEs and PWEs to measure Eh and ODR
during biodegradation of glucose and phenol in a soil
environment as compareato determining actual biode-
gradation of those compounds by analytical proce-
dures. The results indicated that Eh and ODR can be
suitable parameters for indication of biodegradation of
organics by land treatment processes.
Keywords: "Soil analysis, "Aeration, "Oxygen, Soil
chemistry, Organic compounds, Oxidation reduction
reactions, Diffusion, Reprints, Computer applications,
Biodegradation.
PB86-202777/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Benefit Analysis for Combined Sewer Overflow
Control. Seminar publication.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
Apr 79, 58p EPA/625/4-79/013
The report concerns an analysis of the benefits antici-
pated from control of combined sewer overflows. The
subject of benefit analysis is uniquely important to
anyone contemplating combined sewer overflow con-
trols because of the nature of the overflows them-
selves, the distribution of combined sewer systems in
the nation and the regulations governing their use.
Keywords: "Combined sewers, "Overflows, "Water
pollution, Benefit cost analysis, Regulations, Spatial
distribution, Requirements, Water quality, Monitoring,
Catch basins, Flushing, Streets, Cleaning, Storage,
Storm water runoff, Urban hydrology.
PB86-202959/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Interactions of Chrysotile and Benzopyrene in a
Human Cell Culture Systems. Journal article May
80-Dec 82,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus.
R. E. Stephens, L. B. Joseph, F. B. Daniel, K. M.
Schenck, and H. A. I. Newman. C1983,11 p EPA/600/
J-83/341
Grant EPA-R-807284
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v51 p257-
265 Sep 83. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
At concentrations of 100 micrograms/ml, NIEHS short
chrysotile was more cytotoxic than NIEHS intermedi-
ate chrysotile (3% and 17% survival, respectively);
B(a)P and B(e)P concentrations up to and including 10
micromoles were not cytotoxic. Simultaneous applica-
tion of NIEHS short chrysotile with B(a)P or B(e)P did
not decrease survival synergistically. On the contrary,
application of B(a)P simultaneously with NIEHS inter-
mediate chrysotile resulted in increased survival over
that of intermediate chrysotile alone (25% and 17%
survival, respectively). There were low levels of B(a)P
bound to DNA in the presence of NIEHS short chryso-
tile or NIEHS intermediate chrysotile. Measurable
levels of B(a)P-DNA adducts formed both in the ab-
sence and in the presence of each size of NIEHS chry-
sotile. However, there was no strong indication of a
perturbation of the level of DNA-B(a)P binding follow-
ing simultaneous administration of increasing levels of
asbestos in addition to 1 micromoles hydrocarbon.
The asbestos had no demonstrable influence on the
level of B(a)P metabolism during the 24 hr period fol-
lowing simultaneous exposure of asbestos and hydro-
carbon.
Keywords: "Cell cultures, "Toxicology, "Asbestos,
Human, Interactions, Reprints, "Chrysotile, "Benzo-
pyrene, Cytotoxicity, Carcinogens.
PB86-202967/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparison of Bloassay and Enzyme-Linked Im-
munosorbent Assay for Quantification of 'Spo-
doptera fruglperda' Nuclear Polyhedrosls Virus In
Soil. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. Kawanishi, J. R. Fuxa, and G. W. Warren. c1985,7p
EPA/600/J-85/396
Pub. in Jnl. of Invertebrate Pathology 46, n2 p133-138
Feb 85. Prepared in cooperation with Louisiana State
Univ., Baton Rouge. Dept. of Entomology.
Standard curves with known amounts of Spodoptera
frugiperda nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) in soil
were established with a bioassay and with an enzyme-
linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The bioassay
detected as few as 4 x 10 to the 4th power polyhedral
inclusion bodies (PIB)/g of sandy soil and < 10 PIB/g
of soils with large amounts of silt or clay. The ELISA
detected as few as 360 PIB/g in all three soil types,
and absorbance values were inversely related to the
amount of clay. Results of the bioassay and ELISA
were significantly (P < 0.01) correlated for natural
NPV from field samples of silt (R equal 0.961) and
sandy soil (R=0.723). Soil samples from Louisiana
pastures and corn fields contain up to 7.6 times 10 to
the 4th power PIB/g, and 2 times 10 to the 4th power
PIB/g are commonly present.
Keywords: "Bioassay, "Viruses, Soils, Reprints, "Im-
munosorbent assays, Spodoptera frugiperda.
PB86-202975/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Burroughs Wellcome Co., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Cytogenetic Distinction between the TK+ and
TK- Chromosomes in the L5178Y TK+/- 3.7.2C
Mouse-Lymphoma Cell Line. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. Hozier, J. Sawyer, D. Clive, and M. Moore. C1982, 7p
EPA/600/J-82/462
Pub. in Mutation Research 105, n6 p451-456 Dec 82.
Prepared in cooperation with Florida Inst, of Tech.,
Melbourne. Sponsored by Burroughs Wellcome Co.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
The authors have analyzed the banded metaphase
karyotypes of the L5178Y TK + /-3.72C mouse-lym-
phoma cell line as well as a class of slow growing (o)
TK-/-mutants which show chromosome 11 rearrange-
ments. The authors have discovered a centromeric he-
teromorphism in the chromosomes 11 (the known lo-
cation of the thymidine kinase gene in the mouse)
which, together with the types of chromosome rearran-
gements thus far catalogued for TK+/- TK-/- muta-
genesis, allows us to propose a cytogenetic distinction
between the TK-competent (TK + ) and TK-deficient
(TK-) chromosome.
Keywords: "Chromosomes, "Lymphoma, Mice, Mu-
tants, Reprints, "Cell lines, Cytogenesis, Mutagenesis.
PB86-202983/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Human Body Burden of Mirex in the Southeastern
United States. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Re-
search.
F. W. Kutz, S. C. Strassman, C. R. Stroup, J. S. Carra,
and C. C. Leininger. C1985,12p EPA/600/J-85/404
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health
15, p385-394 Sep 85. Prepared in cooperation with
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Mirex is an organochlorine chemical with pesticidal
and other industrial usages. Biologically, mirex was
used as an insecticide for the control of imported fire
ants in large areas of the southeastern U.S. Evidence
of mirex survey exposure in a national survey of chemi-
cals in adipose tissue led to a more intensive survey of
the general population in treated counties of the south-
eastern U.S. A total of 624 adipose tissue specimens
were collected from 40 sites selected randomly from 8
southeastern states where mirex was used widescale
to combat fire ants. Tissue specimens were analyzed
for mirex and selected other organochlorine com-
pounds by electron-capture gas chromatography with
confirmation by combined gas chromatography/mass
spectrometry. Weighted statistical analysis of the data
was conducted to estimate the level of mirex in the
study area. It was estimated that 10.2% of the popula-
tion of southern U.S. had quantifiable levels of mirex in
adipose tissue. The estimated geometric mean of the
quantifiable residue amounts was 0.286 ppm (lipid
basis).
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxicology, Chlorine organic
compounds, Reprints, Mirex, "Kepone, Southeastern
Region(United States).
PB86-203007/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Fate of Azo Dyes in the Activated Sludge Process.
Research rept. May 85-May 86,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
G. M. Shaul, R. J. Lieberman, C. R. Dempsey, and K. A
Dostal. May 86,24p EPA/600/D-86/106
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA)
Office of Toxic Substances (OTS) evaluates submis-
sions to the Premanufacture Notification (PMN) proc-
ess under section 5 of the Toxic Substances Control
Act (TSCA). Azo dyes constitute a significant portion of
these submissions. OTE is concerned because some
of the dyes, dye precursors or their degradation prod-
ucts such as aromatic amines, which are also dye pre-
cursors, have been shown to be, or are suspected to
be, carcinogenic. The objective of the study is to dose
pilot plant ASP systems with various azo dyes and
monitor each dye compound through the system, ana-
lyzing both liquid and sludge samples.
Keywords: "Azo dyes, "Activated sludge process
"Sewage treatment, Degradation, Toxicity, Hazardous
materials, Monitoring, Adsorption, Biodeterioration
Tests, Evaluation.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-203056/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Report to Congress on Injection of Hazardous
Waste,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
M. Salazar, and G. Kardon. May 85,286p EPA/570/9-
85/003
In response to a directive from Congress, expressed in
Section 701 of the 'Hazardous and Solid Waste
Amendments of 1984', EPA obtained information on
the engineering, hydrological, regulatory and waste
characteristics of hazardous waste injection wells.
Some of the general characteristics found were: There
were 252 wells in 112 facilities of which 195 in 90 facili-
ties were active in 1984; The injected volume of 181
wells which were active in 1983 was estimated at 11.5
billion gallons. Most of the injection occurs in the Gulf
Coast and the Great Lakes Area.
Keywords: 'Injection wells, 'Hazardous materials, Re-
quirements, Volume, Weight(Mass), Great Lakes, Esti-
mates, Failure, Regulations, Engineering, Hydrology,
Industrial wastes, Organic compounds, Ownership,
Gulf Coast Region(United States).
PB86-203395/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Activities of the EPA (Environmental Protection
Agency) Model Clearinghouse, a Summary
Report: FY81-FY8S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
May 86, 46p EPA/450/4-86/006
The report summarizes the operation of the EPA
Model Clearinghouse during its first five years of exist-
ence, FY81-FY85. Included are a summary of the
number of cases and the nature of issues reviewed by
the Clearinghouse and a description of major recurring
and generic issues referred to the Clearinghouse.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Mathematical models, Ter-
rain, Buildings, Operations, Sources, Sulfur dioxide,
Urban areas, Rural areas, Regulations, Case studies.
PB86-203551 /HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Office of Chemical Safety, 1985 Annual Report.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Environmental Programs.
Mar 86,40p IEPA/ENV/86-003
The Office of Chemical Safety was established in
August 1983 in response to a growing concern about
toxic chemicals such as organic chemicals and heavy
metals. Through the development of the Office of
Chemical Safety, the Illinois EPA has enhanced its ca-
pability for controlling toxic pollutants by providing
technical support and integration of toxics controls.
The report summarizes activities of the Office of
Chemical Safety during 1985.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Illinois. Safety,
•Toxic substances, Environmental Protection Agency,
•Office of Chemical Safety, 'Heavy metals.
PB86-203734/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision O.
Addendum. Residue Chemistry Data Require-
ments for Analytical Methods In 40 CFR Part
158.125 - Multlresidue Protocols,
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Hazard Evaluation Div.
F D. Griffith. May 86, 17p EPA/540/9-86/148
See also PB82-911799 and PB83-153981.
The supplement on Residue Analytical Methods is pri-
marily for the regulated industry in implementing the
Residue Chemistry Data Requirements, 40 CFR Part
S158.125(b) (15), such that uniform FDA/USDA multir-
esidue methodology testing is now required for all pes-
ticides. For this purpose, the attached Protocols I, II, III,
and IV are added as required schemes for testing of
each pesticide. Use of these testing schemes Proto-
col* l-IV, may indicate multiresidue methods are more
suitable for the identification and determination of pes-
ticide residues than those methods designated for the
individual pesticides found in the Pesticide Analytical
Manual Volume II (PAM-ll). The FDA Protocols l-IV
have been added as an Appendix to the Pesticide As-
sessment Guidelines, Subdivision O-Residue Chemis-
try. The data developed under these Protocols will be
published as entries in appropriate tables in the Pesti-
cide Analytical Manual, Volume I. The data are for the
use of any agency responsible for enforcing tolerances
or monitoring residues and thus are not to be claimed
as Confidential Business Information (CBI).
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Pesticides, 'Manuals,
Foods, Feeding stuffs, Sampling, Gas chromatogra-
phy, Guidelines.
PB86-203783/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
User-Friendly IBM PC (Personal Computer) Com-
puter Programs for Solving Sampling and Statisti-
cal Problems,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH. Physical and Chemical Methods Branch.
P. C. L. Lin. May 86, 75p EPA/600/4-86/023
User friendly IBM personal computer programs for
solving sampling and related statistical problems have
been prepared. The programs are designed so that
persons without an in-depth understanding of statistics
can easily use them. Specific, detailed, written instruc-
tions for application of the programs are provided in
the report. The computer disc containing the programs
will be made available on request to the Environmental
Monitoring and Support Laboratory - Cincinnati
(EMSL-Cincinnati).
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Sampling, 'Statistical
analysis, Computer programs, Waste water, Water
quality, 'Environmental monitoring. User needs, IBM
PC computers, Personal computers, Computer appli-
cations. Solid wastes.
PB86-203833/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Guidance Document on Evaluation of Injection
Well Manifold Monitoring Systems.
Woodward-Clyde Consultants, Englewood, CO.
Nov 85.54p EPA/570/9-85/005
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
In the Underground Injection Control (UIC) Regula-
tions, owners and operators of Class II hydrocarbon
storage and enhanced recovery wells are allowed to
monitor injection pressure, flow rate, cumulative
volume and the nature of the injected fluids on a field/
project basis rather than on an individual well basis
through the use of manifold monitoring (40 CFR Sec-
tion 146.23(b)(5)). Such a monitoring system may be
used in cases of operation consisting of multiple injec-
tion facilities operating with a common manifold. Sepa-
rate monitoring systems for each well would not be re-
quired provided that the owner/operator demonstrates
to EPA's satisfaction that manifold monitoring is com-
parable to individual well monitoring. The purpose of
the document is to develop technical guidance and an-
cillary criteria to enable EPA personnel to evaluate the
effectiveness of such system proposals in meeting the
regulatory requirements.
Keywords: 'Injection wells, 'Potable water, Gas stor-
age, Underground storage, Oil storage, Monitors,
Manifolds.
PB86-204625/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Laboratory Investigations of the Impact of Dry
Deposition of S02 and Wet Deposition of Acidic
Species on the Atmospheric Corrosion of Galva-
nized Steel. Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
E. O. Edney, D. C. Stiles, J. W. Spence, F. H. Haynie,
andW. E. Wilson. c1986,10p EPA/600/J-86/061
Contract EPA-68-02-4033
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v20 n3 p541-548
Mar 86. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric
Sciences Research Lab.
A series of short-term laboratory experiments were
conducted in which galvanized steel samples were ex-
posed to sub-ppm levels of SOsub 2. Dew was pro-
duced periodically on the test panels, and, at the end
of some experiments, panels were sprayed with solu-
tions of various pH levels. Both dew and rain rinse
samples were analyzed for S03( = ), SO4(=0, andZn.
The laboratory results suggest that the damage to gal-
vanized steel induced by the dry deposition of S02 can
be calculated by equating the dry S02 flux to the Zn
corrosion flux. S02 will deposit onto a dry surface until
an amount similar to that of a monolayer has formed.
Under wet conditions, the dry deposition flux is con-
trolled by the gas-phase resistance of the atmosphere.
Wet deposition of acidic species induces corrosion
which depends not only on the pH of the incident rain,
but also on the exposure history of the samples.
Keywords: 'Steels, 'Galvanized materials, "Atmos-
pheric corrosion, Deposition, Sulphur dioxide, Fluxes,
Acidic species.
PB86-204633/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Dominant Lethal Effects of Subchronic Acrylam-
ide Administration in the Male Long-Evans Rat.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. K. Smith, H. Zenick, R. J. Preston, E. L. George, and
R. E. Long. C1986, 7p EPA/600/J-86/059
Pub. in Mutation Research 173, p273-277 Mar 86. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Cincinnati Univ., OH. Dept.
of Environmental Health, and Oak Ridge National Lab.,
TN.
Acrylamide, a widely used vinyl monomer, is well
known as a neurotoxin but inactive as a mutagen In
bacterial test systems. The experiments reported dem-
onstrate that after subchronic oral dosing in the male
rat, acrylamide induced significant elevations in both
pre and post implantation loss following dominant
lethal testing. These effects were seen at doses which
failed to produce clinical or pathological evidence of
neurotoxicity.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Bioassay, Vinyl, Dosage, 'Ac-
rylamide, Neurotoxicity.
PB86-204641/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Absence of Mutagenicity in the Urine of Autopsy
Service Workers Exposed to Formaldehyde: Fac-
tors Influencing Mutagenicity Testing of Urine.
Journal article,
Texas Univ. Medical Branch at Galveston.
T. H. Connor, J. B. Ward, and M. S. Legator. C1985,
15p EPA/600/ J-85/403
Grant EPA-R-807548
Pub. in International Archives of Occupational and En-
vironmental Health 56, p225-237 1985. Sponsored by
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
The study examined the effect of exposure to autopsy
workers to formaldehyde using urinary mutagenicity
testing with Salmonella typhimurium. A matched con-
trol group was also studied. Additional studies includ-
ing the recovery of histidine from urine samples, the
determination of histidine in urine samples and the
effect of exogenous and urinary histidine on the muta-
genicity assay were also carried out. Results showed
mat there was no increase in mutagenicity in the au-
topsy workers as compared to the control group. A
large proportion of the exposed individuals had toxic
urine while only two of the control group has similar
toxic urine. However, the toxic material in the urine
samples has been isolated and does not appear to be
related to the formaldehyde exposure. In conclusion,
exogenous histidine and certain growth factors
present in human urine can affect the outcome of both
plate incorporation and fructuation assays for mutage-
nicity and care must be taken when interpreting results
of this type of mutagenicity studies.
Keywords: 'Industrial medicine, Histidine, Reprints,
'Formaldehyde, 'Occupational safety and health, Mu-
tagenesis, Urinalysis, 'Autopsies.
PB86-204658/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Determination of Chemical Classes from Mass
Spectra of Toxic Organic Compounds by SIMCA
Pattern Recognition and Information Theory. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
D. R. Scott. 1986,12p EPA/600/J-86/064
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v58 n4 p881 -890 Apr 86.
The low resolution mass spectra of a set of 78 toxic
volatile organic compounds were examined for infor-
mation concerning chemical classes. These com-
pounds were predominately chloro- and/or bromoaro-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
matics, -alkanes, or -alkenes, which are routinely
sought at trace levels in ambient air samples using gas
chrornatography-mass spectrometry. The set of mass
spectra of the pure compounds contained 151 differ-
ent masses in the range of 35 to 256. The Shannon in-
formation content for each mass channel was calculat-
ed for the binary encoded and the full intensity spectra,
using 1 % of the base peak as the threshold level. The
17 masses with the highest Shannon information con-
tent were retained as a basis set (the compressed set)
for SIMCA pattern recognition using principal compo-
nent analysis. Examination of the inherent class struc-
ture of the compressed set of mass spectra showed a
separation of the data into two major classes: aromat-
ics and alkaenes (alkanes and alkenes). The aromatic
compounds could be divided into two subclasses:
chloro-and nonchloroaromatics.
Keywords: "Mass spectra, Mass spectroscopy. Haz-
ardous materials, Organic compounds, Air pollution,
Alkanes, Alkene compounds, Aromatic compounds,
Reprints, 'Toxic substances.
PB86-204666/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Reproductive Effects Assessment Group's
Review of the Mutagenicity of Vinylidene Chlo-
ride. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
D. Jacobson-Kram. 1986,11pEPA/600/J-86/065
Pub. in Environmental Mutagenesis 8, p161-169 Jan
86.
A large number of studies indicate that vinylidene chlo-
ride is mutagenic to bacteria and that this activity is
largely dependent on microsomal activation. Vinyli-
dene chloride was reported to produce positive results
for gene reversion and conversion in yeast, which was
also dependent on metabolic activation, and was posi-
tive in tradescantia. In mammalian systems vinylidene
chloride failed to induce gene mutations in V79 cells at
two separate loci, failed to induce chromosomal aber-
rations in mouse bone marrow in vivo, and failed to
induce dominant lethals in either mice or rats. Vinyli-
dene chloride was found to bind to DNA of mice ex-
posed through inhalation and may have caused un-
scheduled DNA synthesis in the kidneys of similarly
exposed mice. Analysis of the data relating to the po-
tential of vinylidene chloride to behave as a human
germ-cell mutagen indicates that, based on the criteria
established in EPA's Proposed Guidelines for Mutage-
nicity Risk Assessment, the evidence at the present
time is classified as limited.
Keywords: 'Vinylidene chloride, "Toxicology,
"Reproduction(Biology), Mice, Laboratory animals.
Reprints, Mutagenesis.
PB86-205457/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Trlhalomethanes In Drinking Water Sampling,
Analysis, Monitoring and Compliance.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Aug 83,54p EPA/570/9-83/002
The document summarizes the issues involved in the
implementation of Federal regulations which limit the
levels of trihalomethanes in community water supplies.
The underlying objective of the regulations is to pro-
vide public drinking water with fewer potential chemi-
cal health hazards while ensuring continued protection
agains pathogenic micro-organisms. The document is
purely advisory in nature and is meant to supplement
those regulations.
Keywords: "Halogen organic compounds, "Standards,
"Potable water, ''Water supply. Monitoring, Regula-
tions, Public health, Hazards, Microorganism
control(Water), Requirements, Microbiology, Drinking
water, Baseline studies.
PB86-205465/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Standard Reference Photometer Network for Ver-
ification and Certification of Ozone Standards.
Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
C^^Smith, and K. A. Rehme. May 86,1 ip EPA/600/
D-86/107
A nationwide network of regionally located Standard
Reference Photometers (SRP) for the assay of ozone
concentrations has been established to allow state
612 Vol. 90, No. 24
and local air monitoring agencies to compare their
ozone standards with authoritative standards main-
tained and operated under closely controlled condi-
tions. The SRP was developed by the National Bureau
of Standards and the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) as a highly stable, highly precise, com-
puter-controlled instrument for the assay of ozone
concentration. EPA's Environmental Monitoring
System Laboratory at Research Triangle Park, NC is
operating an SRP network in cooperation with EPA
Regional Office or State Agencies. Currently, network
sites are located in RTP, NC; Edison, NJ; Chicago, IL;
Houston, TX; Denver, CO; and Sacramento, CA. Each
network SRP was fabricated and certified by the NBS
before deployment and is recertified annually by EPA.
To date 86 comparisons of local 03 standards have
been performed with the network SRP's. Of the 55 ver-
ifications of local 03 primary standards conducted, 46
comparison results (84%) were within the acceptable
range (+ or - 3% agreement). Of the 31 verifications
of local 03 transfer standards conducted, all 31 com-
parison results (100%) were within the acceptable
range (+ or - 5% agreement) with 29 (94%) within +
or-3%.
Keywords: 'Ozone, "Air pollution, Assaying, Stand-
ards, Concentration(Composition), National networks,
Standard reference photometers.
PB86-205572/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Detection of Chemically Induced Aneuploidy In
'Saccharomyces cerevisiae': An Assessment of
Mitotic and Melotlc Systems. Journal article (Final),
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
M. A. Resnick, V. W. Mayer, and F. K. Zimmermann.
C1986,16p EPA/600/J-86/077
Contract EPA-68-02-3839
Pub. in Mutation Research 167, p47-60 Jan 86. Pre-
pared in cooperation with National Inst, of Enviromen-
tal Health Science, Research Triangle Park, NC., Food
and Drug Administration, Washington, DC. Genetic
Toxicology Branch, and Technische Hochschule
Darmstadt (Germany, F.R.). Inst, fuer Mikrobiologie.
A committee of scientists was established by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency to appraise the cur-
rent state of aneuploidy test methodology, to compile
and analyze published data on the chemical induction
of aneuploidy, and to provide guidance for additional
test development and validation. The committee was
organized into 9 working groups, representing different
eukaryotic organisms ranging from fungi to whole
mammals. The Environmental Mutagen, Carcinogen,
and Teratogen Information Program at Oak Ridge Na-
tional Laboratory identified ana provided literature to
the working groups. The 9 reports were prepared by
the individual working groups. The reports include: (1)
descriptions of the available testing approaches and
general principles to be followed for protocol develop-
ment, (2) criteria for evaluating data, and (3) recom-
mendations for future test development and basic re-
search. The evaluated results are presented in tables.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Bacteria, Reprints, "Aneu-
ploidy, Mutagenesis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
PB86-205580/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Efficacy of Neurospora in Detecting Agents That
Cause Aneuploidy. Journal article,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
A. J. F. Griffiths, H. E. Brockman, D. M. DeMarini, and
F. J. de Serres. C1986,13p EPA/600/J-86/076
Contract EPA-68-02-3839
Pub. in Mutation Research 167, p35-45 Jan 86. Pre-
pared in cooperation with British Columbia Univ., Van-
couver, Illinois State Univ., Normal. Dept. of Biological
Sciences, and National Inst, of Environmental Health
Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
A committee of scientists was established by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency to appraise the cur-
rent state of aneuploidy test methodology, to compile
and analyze published data on the chemical induction
of aneuploidy, and to provide guidance for additional
test development and validation. The committee was
organized into 9 working groups, representing different
eukaryotic organisms ranging from fungi to whole
mammals. The Environmental Mutagen, Carcinogen,
and Teratogen Information Program at Oak Ridge Na-
tional Laboratory identified ana provided literahjre to
the working groups. The 9 reports were prepared by
the individual working groups. The reports include: (1)
descriptions of the available testing approaches and
general principles to be followed for protocol develop-
ment, (2) criteria for evaluating data, and (3) recom-
mendations for future test development and basic re-
search. The evaluated results are presented in tables.
For the positive and negative calls, the lowest effective
dose tested or the highest ineffective dose tested, re-
spectively, and the range of concentrations tested are
provided.
Keywords: "Aneuploidy, "Neurospora, Efficacy, Re-
prints, Biolndicators, "Mutagenesis.
PBB6-205598/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Systems and Results of Tests for Chemical Induc-
tion of Mitotic Malsegregatlon and Aneuploidy In
'Aspergillus nidulans'. Journal article,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
E. Kaefer, B. R. Scott, and A. Kappas. C1986,29p
EPA/600/J-86/075
Contract EPA-68-02-3839
Pub. in Mutation Research 167, p9-34 1 986. Prepared
in cooperation with McGill Univ., Montreal (Quebec)
Dept. of Biology, Phoenix Lone Oak Lab., Smithvillei
TX . and Democritus Nuclear Research Center, Athens
(Greece). Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC, Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment.
A committee of scientists was established by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency to appraise the cur-
rent state of aneuploidy test methodology, to compile
and analyze published data on the chemical induction
of aneuploidy, and to provide guidance for additional
test development and validation. The committee was
organized into 9 working groups, representing different
eukaryotic organisms ranging from fungi to whole
mammals. The Environmental Mutagen, Carcinogen
and Teratogen Information Program at Oak Ridge N*
tional Laboratory identified and provided literature to
the working groups. The 9 reports were prepared by
the individual working groups. The reports include: (1)
descriptions of the available testing approaches and
general principles to be followed for protocol develop-
ment, (2) criteria for evaluating data, and (3) recom-
mendations for future test development and basic re-
search. The evaluated results are presented in tables.
Keywords; "Toxicology, Reprints, "Aneuploidy, Asper-
gillus nidulans, Mutagenesis.
PB86-205606/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Introduction to a Series of U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency Special Committee Reports on
Testing Approaches for the Detection of Chemi-
cally Induced Aneuploidy. Journal article.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
V. L. Dellarco, K. H. Mavournln, and M. D. Waters
C1986,7p EPA/600/J-86/074
Contract EPA-68-02-3839
Pub. in Mutation Research 167, p3-7 Jan 86. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, DC. Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment.
A committee of scientists was established by the U.S
Environmental Protection Agency to appraise the cur-
rent state of aneuploidy test methodology, to compile
and analyze published data on the chemical induction
of aneuploidy, and to provide guidance for additional
test development and validation. The committee was
organized into 9 working groups, representing different
eukaryotic organisms ranging from fungi to whole
mammals. The Environmental Mutagen, CarctnooerT
and Teratogen Information Program at Oak Ridge
tional Laboratory identified and provided literature to
the working groups. The 9 reports were prepared bw
the individual^working groups. The reports include: (1)
descriptions of the available testing approaches and
general principles to be followed for protocol develop-
ment, (2) criteria for evaluating data, and (3) reconv-
mendations for future test development and basic re-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Detection, Tests, Reprints,
"Aneuploidy, Environmental Protection Agency.
PB86-205614/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Review of Literature on Chemical-Induced Aneu-
ploidy in Mammalian Male Germ Cells. Journal arti-
cle (Final),
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
J. W. Allen, J. C. Liang, A. V. Carrano, and R. J.
Preston. c1986,16p EPA/600/J-86/082
Contract EPA-68-02-3839
Pub. in Mutation Research 167, p 123-137 Jan 86. Pre-
pared in cooperation with M.D. Anderson Hospital and
Tumor Inst., Houston, TX., and Lawrence Livermore
National Lab., CA. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Washington, DC. Office ot Health and
Environmental Assessment.
A committee of scientists was established by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency to appraise the cur-
rent state of aneuploidy test methodology, to compile
and analyze published data on the chemical induction
of aneuploidy, and to provide guidance for additional
test development and validation. The committee was
organized into 9 working groups, representing different
eukaryotic organisms ranging from fungi to whole
mammals. The Environmental Mutagen, Carcinogen,
and Teratogen Information Program at Oak Ridge Na-
tional Laboratory identified and provided literature to
the working groups. The 9 reports were prepared by
the individual working groups. The reports include: (1)
descriptions of the available testing approaches and
general principles to be followed for protocol develop-
ment, (2) criteria for evaluating data, and (3) recom-
mendations for future test development and basic re-
search. The evaluated results are presented in tables.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Germ cells, Mammals,
Males, Reprints, 'Aneuploidy, Mutagenesis.
PB86-205622/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Aneuploidy in Mammailan Somatic Cells In vivo.
Journal article (Final),
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
M. C. Cimino, R. R. Tice, and J. C. Liang. C1986,18p
EPA/600/J-86/081
Contract EPA-68-02-3839
Pub. in Mutation Research 167, p107-122 Jan 86. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Brookhaven National Lab.,
Upton, NY., and M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor
Inst., Houston, TX. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment.
A committee of scientists was established by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency to appraise the cur-
rent state of aneuploidy test methodology, to compile
and analyze published data on the chemical induction
of aneuploidy, and to provide guidance for additional
test development and validation. The committee was
organized into 9 working groups, representing different
eukaryotic organisms ranging from fungi to whole
mammals. The Environmental Mutagen, Carcinogen,
and Teratogen Information Program at Oak Ridge Na-
tional Laboratory identified and provided literature to
the working groups. The 9 reports were prepared by
the individual working groups. The reports include: (1)
descriptions of the available testing approaches and
general principles to be followed for protocol develop-
ment, (2) criteria for evaluating data, and (3) recom-
mendations for future test development and basic re-
search. The evaluated results are presented in tables.
For the positive and negative calls, the lowest effective
dose tested or the highest Ineffective dose tested, re-
spectively, and the range of concentrations tested are
provided.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Germ cells, Mammals, In
vivo analysis, Reprints, 'Aneuploidy.
PB86-205830/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Chemically Induced Aneuploidy In Mammalian
Cells in Culture. Journal article,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
S. M. Galloway, and J. L. fvett. C1986,20p EPA/600/J-
86/080
Contract EPA-68-02-3839
Pub. in Mutation Research 167, p89-105 Jan 86. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Merck Inst, for Therapeutic
Research, West Point, PA., and Litton Bionetics, Inc.,
Kensington, MD. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Health and En-
vironmental Assessment.
A committee of scientists was established by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency to appraise the cur-
rent state of aneuploidy test methodology, to compile
and analyze published data on the chemical induction
of aneuploidy, and to provide guidance for additional
test development and validation. The committee was
organized into 9 working groups, representing different
eukaryotic organisms ranging from fungi to whole
mammals. The Environmental Mutagen, Carcinogen,
and Teratogen Information Program at Oak Ridge Na-
tional Laboratory identified and provided literature to
the working groups. The 9 reports were prepared by
the individual working groups. The reports include: (1)
descriptions of the available testing approaches and
general principles to be followed for protocol develop-
ment, (2) criteria for evaluating data, and (3) recom-
mendations for future test development and basic re-
search. The evaluated results are presented in tables.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Cell cultures, Mammals, Re-
prints, 'Aneuploidy.
PB86-205994/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Federal Financial Demonstrations for Owners and
Operator* of Class 2 Injection Wells: a Summary,
Policy Planning and Evaluation, Inc., McLean, VA.
J. Singh. May 85,26p EPA/570/09-84/007
Contract EPA-68-01 -6827
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
Under the Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 (SDWA),
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
etablished an Underground Injection Control (UIC) pro-
gram. As a part of the program, Class II oil and gas op-
erators, whether authorized by rule or by permit, are re-
quired to '...maintain financial responsibility and re-
sources to close, plug, and abandon the underground
injection operation...' in accordance with an approved
plugging and abandonment plan. The booklet explains
what operators and owners (applicants) should do to
comply with these requirements. It discusses the fol-
lowing five basic elements: financial responsibility op-
tions; types of financial coverages; procedures for
demonstrating financial responsibility; submission re-
quirements; and requirements of the financial instru-
ments and statements.
Keywords: 'Water, 'Injection wells, Financial manage-
ment, Potable water, Water resources. Oil recovery,
Gas production.
PB86-206109/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Water Resource Data and Trend Analysis for the
Highland Silver Lake Comprehensive Monitoring
and Evaluation Project, Madison County, Illinois.
Rept. on Phase 4,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
M. H. Kelly, and T. E. Davenport. Jan 86,209p IEPA/
WPC/86-001
The report is a product of the Comprehensive Monitor-
ing and Evaluation Program for Highland Silver Lake
Watershed and summanzes over three years of water
quality and loading data gathered at the watershed
and field level. The primary purpose of the project is to
evaluate the effectiveness of various agricultural re-
source management strategies in controlling non-point
source pollution.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Water pollution, 'Lakes, Monitor-
ing, Effectiveness, Water quality management, Reser-
voirs, Illinois, 'Agricultural watersheds, Nonpoint
sources.
PBS6-206901/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Kraft Pulp Mills • Background Information for Pro-
mulgated Revisions to Standarda.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
May 86,41p EPA/450/3-85/020
As a result of the 4-year review of New Source Per-
formance Standards (NSPS) for Kraft Pulp Mills, the
Agency proposed revisions to the NSPS, which were
promulgated on February 23, 1978, and requested
public comments. The document summarizes the
comments which were received and presents the
Agency's response to those comments.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Standards, Particles,
Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Pulp mills,
'New source performance standards, Air pollution
standards.
PB86-207461/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Detection of Chemically Induced Aneuploidy with
Plant Test Systems. Journal article (Final),
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
S. S. Sandhu, B. K. Vig, and M. J. Constantin. C1986,
11 p EPA/600/J-86/078
Contract EPA-68-02-3839
Pub. in Mutation Research 167, p61-69 Jan 86. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Reno. Dept.
of Biology, and Phyton Technologies, Inc., Knoxville,
TN. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment.
A committee of scientists was established by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency to appraise the cur-
rent state of aneuploidy test methodology, to compile
and analyze published data on the chemical induction
of aneuploidy, and to provide guidance for additional
test development and validation. The 9 reports were
prepared by the individual working groups. The reports
include: (1) descriptions of the available testing ap-
proaches and general principles to be followed for pro-
tocol development, (2) criteria for evaluating data, and
(3) recommendations for future test development and
basic research. The evaluated results are presented in
tables.
Keywords: 'Plant genetics, 'Plants(Botany), Chemical
compounds, Chromosomes, Populations, Carcino-
Sens, Selection, pH, Mutagens, Meiosis, Tables(Data),
lutatlons, Reprints, Aneuploidy.
PB86-207479/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Current Status of Aneuploidy Testing In Droso-
phila. Journal article,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
S. Zimmering, J. M. Mason, and C. Osgood. C1986,
19p EPA/600/J-86/079
Contract EPA-68-02-3839
Pub. in Mutation Research 167, p71-87 Jan 86. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Brown Univ., Providence,
Rl„ National Inst, of Environmental Health Sciences,
Research Triangle Park, NC., and Thomas Hunt
Morgan School of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment.
A committee of scientists was established by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency to appraise the cur-
rent state of aneuploidy test methodology, to compile
and analyze published data on the chemical induction
of aneuploidy, and to provide guidance for additional
test development and validation. The committee was
organized into 9 working groups, representing different
eukaryotic organisms ranging from fungi to whole
mammals. The Environmental Mutagen, Carcinogen,
and Teratogen Information Program at Oak Ridge Na-
tional Laboratory Identified and provided literature to
the working groups. The 9 reports were prepared by
the individual working groups. The reports include: (1)
descriptions of the available testing approaches and
general principles to be followed for protocol develop-
ment, (2) criteria for evaluating data, and (3) recom-
mendations for future test development and basic re-
search. The evaluated results are presented in tables.
Keywords: 'Drosophila, "Toxicology, Reprints, 'Aneu-
ploidy, 'Mutagenesis.
PB88-207503/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Estimating Leachate Production from Closed Haz-
ardous Waste Landfills. Rept. for May 83-Sep 85,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
R. R. Kirkham, S. S. Tyler, and G, W. Gee. Jun 86, 90p
EPA/600/2-86/057
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Hazardous wastes disposed of in landfills may contin-
ue to drain for several years after site closure. The
report presents suitable analytical methods for predict-
ing the flow of leachate to underdrains from closed
hazardous waste landfills. Leachate sources include
waste fluids as well as precipitation trapped in the
landfill during construction and operation. Waste fluid
may be released by means of barrel degradation, and
interstitial fluid may be released during subsidence
and/or compression of waste materials. Rates and
amounts of leachate production can be estimated if
the hydraulic parameters and/or specific yield informa-
tion are available. Four simple landfill situations were
analyzed with the unit-gradient and specific-yield
models.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, "Hazardous materi-
als, "Earth fills, Leaching, Estimating, Fluid flow. Deg-
radation, Geological faults, Production, Mathematical
models, Leachates.
PB86-207511/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC,
Structure-Activity Relationships (SARs) among
Mutagens and Carcinogens: A Review. Journal arti-
cle,
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH.
M. R. Frierson, G. Klopman, and H. S. Rosenkranz.
C1986, 47p EPA/600/J-86/090
Pub. in Environmental Mutagenesis 8, p283-327 1986.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The review is an introduction to methods for evaluating
structure-activity relationships (SARs), and, in particu-
lar, to those methods that have been applied to study
mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. A brief history and
some background material on the earliest attempts to
correlate molecular structure and biological activity are
included. Most of the discussion focuses on modern
methods utilizing extrathermodynamic and physical
property variables such as the Hansch method and
SIMCA, and approaches based on molecular connecti-
vity such as the ADAPT. CASE, and Enslein methods.
In general, the latter class is potentially the most useful
in the study of the large and structurally diverse data-
bases so often encountered in the study of mutagenic-
ity and carcinogenicity. They also are not very sensi-
tive to lab-to-lab variances in reported activities and
outright misclassifications in activities of some com-
pounds. This is chiefly because the statistical treat-
ments used in these methods tend to dilute the impor-
tance of outliers.
Keywords: Reviews, Reprints, "Mutagenesis, "Car-
cinogenesis, "Structure activity relationships.
PB86-208253/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria (or Dissolved
Oxygen,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
G. Chapman. Apr 86,56p EPA/440/5-86/003
The Document reviews data which are currently avail-
able on the effects of low levels of dissolved oxygen
on the health, growth and reproduction of freshwater
aquatic organisms. Criteria for the protection of fresh-
water aquatic organisms are developed, based princi-
pally on data derived from studies on fish. The Criteria
are presented in terms of cold and warm water spe-
cies, early life stages and other life stages, as well as
the length of exposure to low D. O. concentrations.
Keywords: "Growth, "Oxygen, "Fresh water biology,
•Water pollution, Aquatic animals, Fishes, Life cycles,
Exposure, Dissolved gases, Warm water.
PB86-208360/ HSU	PCA10/MFA01
United Nations Environment Programme, New York.
Global Atmospheric Background Monitoring for
Selected Environmental Parameters BAPMoN
Data for 1981: Volume 2. Precipitation Chemistry,
Continuous Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and
Suspended Particulate Matter.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Jun 85, 201 p EPA/600/4-85/015, WMO/TD-47
See also PB81-164436. Sponsored by United Nations
Environment Programme, New York, World Meteoro-
logical Organization, Geneva (Switzerland), and Na-
tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Rock-
ville, MD.
The report is the seventh in series reporting precipita-
tion data from stations participating in the World Me-
terological Organization's network. The report consists
of tables of raw data received from network sites
around the world.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Atmospheric composition,
Monitoring, Carbon dioxide, Precipitation(Chemistry),
Standards, Turbidity, Probability density functions,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Global, Particulates, Base-
line studies.
PB86-208527/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Teratogen Metabolism: Thalidomide Activation is
Mediated by Cytochrome P-4S0. Journal article,
Massachusetts Inst, of Tech., Cambridge. Dept. of Ap-
plied Biological Sciences.
A. G. Braun, F. A. Harding, and S. L. Weinreb. C1986,
7p EPA/600/J-86/089
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v82 m
p175-179 Jan 86. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A metabolite of thalidomide generated by hepatic mi-
crosomes inhibited the attachment of tumor cells to
concanavalin A-coated polyethylene. Evidence that
metabolite formation is mediated by microsomal cy-
tochrome P-450 is presented. Microsomes incubated
with thalidomide underwent a type I spectral shift. Me-
tabolite formation was reduced or eliminated by
carbon monoxide, SKF-525A, metyrapone, and N-oc-
tylamine. Superoxide dismutase treatment had no
effect. Metabolite formation required microsomes and
NADPH and was dependent on the length of 37 C in-
cubation. The metabolite could be isolated by succes-
sive hexane and chloroform extractions. It is likely the
inhibitory thalidomide metabolite was generated by a
minor cytochrome P-450 species. Whether the thalido-
mide metabolite is involved in the drug's teratogenic
activity remains to be shown.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Metabolism, Reprints, "Tha-
lidomide, Metabolites, "Teratogenesis.
PB86-208S43/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Laboratory Spawning Cues in 'Menidla beryllina'
and 'M. peninsulas' (Pisces, Atherinldae) with
Notes on Survival and Growth of Larvae at Differ-
ent Salinities. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
D. P. Middaugh, M. J. Hemmer, and Y. Lamadrid-Rose.
1986,13p EPA/600/J-86/086, CONTRIB-508
Pub. in Environmental Biology of Fishes, v15 n2 p107-
1171986.
Spawning patterns of inland silversides, Menidia beryl-
lina, and tidewater silversides, Menidia peninsulae,
were examined in the laboratory under several combi-
nations of 'tidal' and diel light cycle cues. M. beryllina
showed a high frequency of spawning throughout the
day when held under constant conditions (24L: OD.
current velocity 8 cm/sec) and when 'tidal' and diel
light cycles were presented singly or in combination.
Survival and growth of larval M. beryllina from the day
of hatching through 16 days old was optimal at 15
parts per 1000 by weight.
Keywords: "Salinity, "Growth, "Marine fishes, Tests,
Reproduction(Biology), Ocean currents. Tides,
Light(Visible radiation), Diurnal variations, Embryos,
Survival, Reprints, "Menidia peninsulae, Silversides.
PB86-208550/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Nutrient Enrichment of Chesapeake Bay and Its
Impact on the Habitat of Striped Bass: A Specula-
tive Hypothesis. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
K. S. Price, D. A. Flemer, J. L. Taft, G. B. Mackiernan,
and N. H. Burger. c1985,12p EPA/600/J-85/422
Pub. in Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
114, p97-106 1985. Prepared in cooperation with Dela-
ware Univ., Lewes. Coll. of Marine Studies. Harvard
Univ., Cambridge, MA. Gray Herbarium, and University
of West Florida, Pensacola. Inst, for Statistical and
Mathematical Modeling.
Stocks of striped bass Morone saxatilis have declined
in the Chesapeake Bay system over the last decade.
The authors present evidence for the working hypothe-
sis that the decline has resulted, in part, from loss of
deep-water habitat for adults, caused by limiting con-
centrations of dissolved oxygen that are related, in
turn, to nutrient enrichment and greater planktonic pro-
duction. A related hypothesis is that changes in the
near-shore habitat for juvenile striped bass, involving
severe declines in submerged aquatic vegetation due
to nutrient-driven planktonic shading, also have con-
tributed to the decline of striped bass.
Keywords: "Nutrients, "Bass, "Chesapeake Bay,
"Water pollution, Deep water, Plankton, Biomass,
Oxygen, Concentration(Composition), Chlorophylls,
Temperature, Reprints, "Morone saxatilis, Striped
base, Habitats.
PB86-208568/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Ozone Response Relationships in Healthy Non-
smokers. Journal article,
Maryland Univ. at Baltimore. Dept. of Medicine.
T. J. Kulle, L. R. Sauder, J. R. Hebel, and M. D.
Chatham. C1985,9p EPA/600/J-85/428
Pub. in American Review of Respiratory Diseases,
v132 p36-41 Oct 84. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Significant concentration responses were observed in
FVC1 FEV1, FEF 25-75, SGaw, IC, and TLC in 20
healthy, nonsmoking volunteers exposed randomly to
0.00, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.25 ppm 03. In addition,
significant response changes for FVC1 FEV1, FEF25-
75 were shown with time over the 2-h exposure. Inter-
mittent, heavy exercise (VE1 68L/min) lasting 14 min
was employed every 30 min during exposure. Inspec-
tion of the concentration and time response curves
suggests that the threshold for the group response is
at or below 0.15 ppm 03. Six subjects experienced de-
creases > 5% in SGaw at 0.15 ppm. The concentra-
tion is only slightly higher than the 1 -h 03 National Am-
bient Air Quality Standard. A dose-related response
was also seen for cough, nose and throat irritation, and
chest discomfort. The work load, length of exposure,
and individual sensitivity must be considered for estab-
lishing a safe 03 exposure level.
Keywords: "Ozone, Responses, Relationships, Re-
prints, "Air pollution effects(Humans).
PB86-208576/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Evolution of the Nocturnal Inversion Layer at an
Urban and Nonurban Location. Journal article.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
J. M. Godowitch, J. K. S. Ching, and J. F. Clarke. 1985
17p EPA/600/J-85/427
Pub. in Jnl. of Climate and Applied Meteorology, v24
n8p791-804 Aug 85.
The evolutionary cycle of the nocturnal radiation inver-
sion layer from formation until dissipation under fair
weather conditions was investigated by time-series
analyses of observations of inversion base and top
heights, and inversion strength at an urban and a non-
urban site in St. Louis, Missouri. The time-dependent
behavior of each inversion parameter is presented
from statistical and least-squares regression analyses
Differences of inversion evolution between these sites
are discussed.
Keywords: "Radiation, "Temperature inversion
'Urban areas, Time series analysis, Rural areas, Diur-
nal variations, Boundary layer, Temperature profiles
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Heat transfer, Buildings, Structures, Turbulence, Air
flow, Wind(Meteorology), Convergence, Reprints,
PB86-208584/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Guidance Manual on the RCRA (Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act) Regulation of Recycled
Hazardous Wastes. Final rept.,
Ellertson (Jon), Roxbury, MA.
N. Hammett, and B. Morrison. Mar 86, 316p EPA/530/
SW-86/015
Contract EPA-68-01-6892
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
This report is a document to provide guidance to
States and persons who recycle materials or persons
who generate materials that are recycled to determine
how EPA's Definition of Solid Waste rulemaking ap-
plies to them. This regulation deals with the question of
which materials are solid and hazardous wastes when
they are recycled (i.e., the effect of the rule is to clarify
the extent of EPA's jurisdiction over hazardous waste
recycling activities and to set forth the regulatory
regime for recycling activities subject to EPA's control.
Because the rule is complex, guidance is provided pri-
marily in the form of over 100 examples illustrating the
application of the rule to actual recycling practices.
The examples will help persons interested in similar
cases determine whether a particular recycled material
is subject to the RCRA Subtitle C requirements.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Materials recovery,
'Byproducts, Regulations, Guidelines, Sludge,
States(United States), "Solid wastes, "Waste recy-
cling, Solid waste disposal.
PB86-208659/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Clustering Criteria and Multivariate Normal Mix-
tures. Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Biostatis-
tics.
M. J. Symons. c1981,11 p EPA/600/J-81 /698
Pub. in Biometrics 37, p35-43 Mar 81. Sponsored by
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
New clustering criteria for use when a mixture of multi-
variate normal distributions is an appropriate model
are presented. They are derived from maximum likeli-
hood and Bayesian approaches corresponding to dif-
ferent assumptions about the covariance matrices of
the mixture components. Two of the criteria are modifi-
cations of the determinant of the within-groups sum-of-
squares criterion of Friedman and Rubin (1967, Jour-
nal of the American Statistical Association 63, 1159-
1178); these criteria appear to be more sensitive to
disparate cluster sizes. Two others are appropriate for
different-shaped clusters. The practical aspects of
these criteria, and of another one studied by Maronna
and Jacovkis (1974, Biometrics 30,499-505) for heter-
ogeneous covariance matrices, are outlined. An exam-
ple involving the separation of two types of diabetic pa-
tients from normal subjects, each group having a dis-
tinct covariance structure, is given. The results with the
three criteria appropriate for different-shaped clusters
were comparable to one another and preferable to
those obtained with the three criteria for similar-
shaped clusters. Results obtained for the example with
two additional clustering procedures are presented.
Keywords: "Biostatistics, Multivariate analysis, Normal
density functions, Reprints, "Cluster analysis, Covar-
iance matrices, Baysian analysis, Maximum likelihood
estimation.
PB86-208667/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Prospective Study of Infectious and Noninfec-
tious Diseases in Oysters and Fishu in Three
Qulf of Mexico Estuaries. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
J. A. Couch. 1985, 26p EPA/600/J-85/421
Pub. in Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v1 p59-82, 21
Dec 85.
The study of 3 northern US Qulf Coast estuaries (Pen-
sacola and Escambia Bays in Northwest Florida;
Mobile Bay, Alabama; Pascagoula Harbor, Mississippi
Sound, Mississippi) investigates: (1) frequencies of
known new diseases, including neoplasms, in oysters
and fishes at sites among the estuaries; (2) general re-
lations between disease frequency and human activity
in influencing disease prevalences in fish and shellfish
populations in coastal regions characterized by varying
degrees of human impact. One offshore control station
was collected quarterly (1979-1980) for fish disease
prevalence in comparison with the estuarine stations.
Keywords: "Oysters, "Animal diseases, "Marine
fishes, "Mexico Gulf, Neoplasms, Sites, Estuaries,
Sampling, Environmental impacts, Humans, Shellfish,
Industrial wastes, Reprints.
PB86-208875/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Organochlorine Contaminants of Wintering Ducks
Foraging on Detroit River Sediments. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
V. E. Smith, J. M. Spurr, J. C. Filkins, and J. J. Jones.
C1985, 18p EPA/600/J-85/419
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research 11, n3 p231-246
1985. Prepared in cooperation with Cranbrook Inst, of
Science, Bloomfield Hills, Ml., and Maine Univ. at
Orono.
Organochlorine analysis was performed on carcasses
of 13 diving ducks from a 1981 wintering population
that foraged on contaminated sediments in the lower
Detroit River. Mean total PCB concentrations were 10
mg/kg for seven lesser scaups (Aythya affinis), 11 mg/
kg for three greater scaups (A. marila), and 7.6 mg/kg
for three goldeneyes (Bucephala clangula). Highest
mean levels of other residues were measured for hex-
achlorobenzene (1.7 mg/kg) in goldeneyes, and trans-
nonachlor (0.33 mg/kg) and 4,4'-DDE (1.3 mg/kg) in
greater scaup. Quantitative analysis of 72 PCB con-
geners also was applied to water, seston, sediment,
benthic oligochaetes, and carp from the same site. Re-
sults of a multivariate analysis indicated that ratios of
more conservative to less conservative PCBs did not
vary significantly among ducks (alpha = .05), but dif-
fered from those in carp, oligochaetes, and sediment.
Keywords: "Chlorine organic compounds, "Ducks,
"Water pollution, "Detroit River, Sediments, Bioassay,
Concentration(Composition), Benzene, Worms, Carp,
Biphenyl, Sampling, Tables(Data), Reprints, Biphenyl/
chloro, Polychlorinated biphenyls.
PB86-208683/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Airborne Mercury in Precipitation in the Lake Su-
erlor Region. Journal article,
nvironmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
G. E. Glass, E. N. Leonard, W. H. Chan, and D. B. Orr.
C1986,17p EPA/600/J-86/067
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research 12, n1 p37-51
1986. Prepared in cooperation with Ontario Ministry of
the Environment, Toronto.
Mercury was measured in accumulated snow (March
1982) sampled from around Lake Superior and in rain-
fall from Duluth, Minnesota (June-September 1982
and March-November 1983), Forbes Township, and
Dorset in northwestern and central Ontario, respec-
tively (May-September 1983). Methods of melting
snow and collecting rain samples were investigated to
avoid loss of mercury during the melting process and
sample shipment and storage. Low concentrations in
snow and rain required greater analytical sensitivity. A
detection limit of 0.008 plus or minus 0.004 micro-
grams/L of mercury (N = 26) was attained using the
cold vapor technique; and by utilizing a gold gauze
amalgam accessory for preconcentration, a detection
limit of 0.005 plus or minus 0.003 microgram/L (N =
13) was attained. Regional comparisons of mercury
accumulation in the snow pack across the northern
parts of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and Ontario
show highest values, 0.10 plus or minus 0.17 micro-
grams/L Hg, in the Grand Rapids, Minnesota, area and
lowest values in remote areas of Minnesota and Ontar-
io. Rainfall concentrations of total mercury were sub-
stantially higher than snow accumulation and were
mainly of inorganic forms (73%).
Keywords: "Lake Superior, "Mercury(Metal), Precipita-
tion, Air pollution, Reprints.
PB86-208691/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Practical Considerations for Approximating Rela-
tive Risk by the Standardized Mortality Ratio.
Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
M.J. Symons, and J. D. Taulbee. c1981,7p EPA/600/
J-81/699
Pub. in Jnl. of Occupational Medicine, v23 n6 p413-
416 Jun 81. Prepared in cooperation with Procter and
Gamble Co., Cincinnati, OH. Miami Valley Labs. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
The standardized mortality ratio is a widely used and
often criticized summary statistic for studies of occupa-
tional mortality. In the paper the authors discuss practi-
cal conditions under which relative risk can reasonably
be approximated by the standardized mortality ratio.
When the true relative risk is greater than 100%, the
standardized mortality ratio overestimates relative risk
no matter how small the mortality rates or how short
the age bands utilized in the analysis. However, when
the excessive mortality is consistent across the age
bands, the standardized mortality ratio can usefully ap-
proximate relative risk for some applications, such as
those involving the site-specific cancers, providing the
age bands employed are not too large.
Keywords: "Mortality, "Risk, "Industrial medicine,
Ratios, Reprints, "Occupational safety and health.
PB88-208709/HSU	PC A11 /MF A01
USEPA (United States Environmental Protection
Agency) Method Study 7. Analyses for Trace Ele-
ments in Water by Atomic Absorption Spectros-
copy (Direct Aspiration) and Colorimetry. Final
rept.,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH. Quality Assurance Branch.
J. A. Winter, and P. W. Britton. Jun 86,250p EPA/600/
4-86/025
The report describes a study of ten elements: alumi-
num, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead,
manganese, selenium and zinc, at trace levels in
water. Six sample concentrates, each containing the
ten trace elements, were sealed in glass ampuls, veri-
fied as homogeneous and stable over time, and pro-
vided to the analysts with instructions for sample prep-
aration and analyses. Mean recovery, overall standard
deviation and single-analyst standard deviations were
calculated for each element at each concentration and
for the two water types.
Keywords: "Trace elements, "Water supply, "Water
pollution, Sampling, Arsenic, Cadmium, Aluminum,
Chromium, Copper, Iron, Lead(Metal), Manganese,
Selenium, Zinc, Atomic spectroscopy, Spectroscopic
analysis, Test methods, Concentration(Composition),
Colorimetric analysis.
PB86-208717/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Copper-Induced Corrosion of Galvanized Steel
Pipe,
Southern California Metropolitan Water District, Los
Angeles.
K. P. Fox, C. N. Tate, G. P. Treweek, R. Trussell, and A.
E. Bowers. Jun 86,163p EPA/600/2-86/056
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
An investigation was conducted to determine the
cause(s) of rapid pitting failure of galvanized steel pipe
used in consumer plumbing systems. The presence of
copper in water and the character of the galvanized
steel pipe were factors examined in detail. Pipe manu-
factured in Korea, Australia, and in the U.S. were com-
pared for pipe structure and zinc coating. In pilot test-
ing, increasing copper concentrations (from 0.0 to 5.0
mg/L) produced increased corrosion activity on the
pipe surface as measured by greater deposition of
scale, calcium, iron, zinc, and copper. Also, the ratio of
iron surface area to zinc surface area increased. Other
factors, such as the mode of exposure and the addi-
tion of citrate, had no measurable impact. The corro-
sion activity, as measured by scale formation, was
greatest on the Korean pipe, followed by the U.S. and
Australian. Rapid pitting of the sort observed in several
southern California homes did not occur under any of
the conditions tested.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: *Pipes(Tubes), 'Galvanized materials,
'Corrosion, Steels, Copper, Coatings, Zinc, Metal pipe.
PB86-208725/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Significance of Regional Source Contributions to
Urban PM-10 (Nominal 10 Micrometers) Concen-
trations,
Massachusetts Inst, of Tech., Cambridge. Energy Lab.
S. A. Batterman, J. A. Fay, and D. Golomb. Jun 86,16p
EPA/600/D-86/119
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
Based on data collected in St. Louis, Philadelphia and
other cities, this evaluation concludes that about 50-
80% of the PM-10 concentrations is 'background.' The
bulk of the background appears to be of regional
origin. The chemical makeup of the background is sul-
fate as S04, 21-34%; crustal material, 14-36%; 'un-
known' (carbonaceous matter, ammonium, nitrate and
water), 36-51 %. Dispersion or receptor modeling using
a local source inventory or elemental signatures can
account only for the incremental contributions from
local sources to the total PM-10 mass. It is argued that
emission roll-back of local sources will have a limited
effect on reducing total concentrations of PM-10.
Keywords: * Air pollution, Sources, Urban areas, Sul-
fates, 'Air quality control regions, *Air quality, "Air pol-
lution standards, "Cities, St. Louis(Missouri), Philadel-
phia (Pennsylvania).
PB86-208733/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Avoiding Failure of Leachate Collection and Cap
Drainage Systems. Rept. for Sep 83-Nov 85,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
J. M. Bass. Jun 86,143p EPA/600/2-86/058
Contract EPA-68-03-1822
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Failure, caused by a variety of mechanisms, is
common to drainage systems of all kinds. Leachate
collection and cap drainage systems, which remove
excess liquid from hazardous waste land disposal fa-
cilities, are no exception. Failure of these systems,
however, may be a greater cause for concern than fail-
ure, for example, of agricultural drainage systems. This
is especially true for leachate collection systems at
hazardous waste disposal facilities. Undetected fail-
ures may cause leachate to build up on top of the liner.
This can lead to failure of the liner system and con-
tamination of groundwater.
Keywords: 'Drains, "Solid waste disposal, "Hazardous
materials, Earthfills, Drainage, Failure, Linings, Mainte-
nance, Accumulators, Collection, Design, Construc-
tion, Inspection, Ground water, Drawings, Leachate,
"Cap drainage system.
PB86-208766/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Reproductive Toxicity and Lack of Dominant
Lethal Effects of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene in the Male
Rat. Journal article,
Medical Coll. of Virginia, Richmond. Dept. of Pharma-
cology and Toxicology.
R. W. Lane, G. S. Simon, R. W. Dougherty, J. L. Egle,
and J. F. Borzelleca. C1985,18p EPA/600/J-85/413
Grant EPA-R-804290
Pub. in Drug and Chemical Toxicology 8, n4 p265-280
Aug 85. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were gavaged with
2,4-dini-trotoluene (2,4-DNT) dissolved in corn oil at 0,
60 180, or 240 mg/kg/day for five days. A single oral
dose (0.5 mg/kg) of triethylenemelamine was used as
a positive control. Induction of dominant lethal events
was scored on the basis of early fetal deaths. At the
two lower doses, no consistent changes were ob-
served in the numbers of pre-implantation losses, im-
plantation sites, or living or non-living fetuses. The
hiqhest dose of 2,4-DNT tested resulted in a marked
decrease in the numbers of sperm-positive females
(determined by microscopic examination of vaginal
616 Vol. 90, No. 24
smears for sperm) and pregnant females. These two
effects diminished in the latter weeks of mating. The
low number of pregnant females at the highest dose
made meaningful statistical evaluations difficult. The
results indicate that 2,4-DNT does not cause dominant
lethal mutations but does adversely affect reproduc-
tive performance.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Reproduction(Biology),
Lethal dosage, Rats, Males, Reprints, "Toulene/dini-
tro.
PB86-208774/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Evaluation of Methods for Concentrating Hepati-
tis A Virus from Drinking Water. Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
M. D. Sobsey, S. E. Oglesbee, and D. A. Wait. c1985,
9p EPA/600/J-85/405
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v50
n6 p1457-1463 Dec 85. Sponsored by Health Effects
Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Using recently developed cultivation and assay sys-
tems, currently available methods for concentrating
enteric viruses from drinking water by adsorption to
and subsequent elution from microporous filters fol-
lowed by organic flocculation, were evaluated for their
ability to recover hepatitis A virus (HAV). Cell culture-
adapted HAV (strain HM-175) in seeded tap water was
efficiently adsorbed by both electronegative (Filterite)
and electropositive (Virosorb) 1MDS) filters at pH and
ionic conditions previously used for other enteric vi-
ruses. Adsorbed HAV was efficiently eluted from these
filters by beef extract eluents at pH 9.5. Eluted HAV
was further concentrated efficiently by acid precipita-
tion (organic flocculation of eluents containing beef ex-
tract made from powdered but not paste sources.
Using optimum adsorption conditions for each type of
filter, HAV was concentrated > 100-fold from samples
of seeded tap water with about 50% recovery of the
initial infectious virus added to the samples. The ability
to recover and quantify HAV in contaminated drinking
water with currently available methods should prove
useful in further studies to determine the role of drink-
ing water in HAV transmission.
Keywords: "Viruses, "Potable water,
Concentration(Composition), Evaluation, Adsorption,
Reprints, Drinking water, "Hepatitis A virus.
PB86-208782/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Isolating Viruses from Finished Water. Journal arti-
cle,
Arizona Univ., Tucson.
J. B. Rose, C. P. Gerba, S. N. Singh, G. A. Toranzos,
and B. Keswick. C1986,9p EPA/600/J-86/060
Grant EPA-R-809331
Pub. in Journal American Water Works Association,
v78 n1 p56-61 Jan 86. Prepared in cooperation with
Texas Univ. Health Science Center at Houston. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
The reduction of enteroviruses and rotaviruses was
studied at a full scale 205 mgd water treatment plant
involving chemical flocculation, sand filtration and
chlorination. Reduction of enteroviruses and rotavir-
uses averaged 81% and 93%, respectively, for the
complete treatment process. The greatest reduction of
enteroviruses occurred during prechlorination/floccu-
lation and filtration, while the greatest reduction of ro-
taviruses occurred during pre-chlorination/clarification
and final chlorination. Although major plant deficien-
cies may have been responsible for occurrence of vi-
ruses in the finished water, the results of the study indi-
cate that finished water having measureable levels of
free residual chlorine and meeting standards for coli-
form bacteria and turbidity cannot be assumed to be
virus free.
Keywords: "Viruses, "Water treatment, Enteroviruses,
Flocculating, Reduction, Filtration, Clarification, Chlor-
ination, Standards, Coliform bacteria, Turbidity, Re-
prints, Rotaviruses.
PB86-208790/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Early Life-Stage Toxicity Test Methods for Gulf
Toadfish, 'Opsanus beta', and Results Using
Chlorpyrifos. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
D. J. Hansen, L. R. Goodman, G. M. Cripe, and S. F.
Macau ley. 1986,10p EPA/600/J-86/088, CONTRIB-
743
Pub. in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 11
p15-22 1986.
Gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta) were continuously ex-
posed as embryos, sac fry and juveniles to technical
chlorpyrifos in two 49-day early life-stage toxicity tests.
Survival was significantly (alpha = 0.05) reduced only
in 150 micrograms/l). However, toadfish exposed to
chlorpyrifos concentrations from 3.7 to 150 ug/l
weighed significantly less than control fish: 9% lower
in 3.7 ug/l to 62% lower in 150 ug/l. The 96-hour LC50
for juvenile fish was 520 ug/l. Concentrations of chlor-
pyrifos in toadfish and bioconcentration factors in-
creased with increasing exposure concentration, a
condition not generally observed with other marine
fishes and other test chemicals. These results demon-
strated the procedures for, and the practicality of, early
life-stage tests with the marine species. The authors
recommend the use of the gulf toadfish for compara-
tive toxicity testing and for evaluating the toxicity of
substances in conjunction with ontogenetical, physio-
logical and histological investigations of the consider-
ably studied genus. The authors do not recommend it
for routine effects testing.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Survival, Water pollution, Re-
prints, "Opsanus beta, "Chlorpyrifos, Life stages.
PB86-208808/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Accumulation of Sediment-Bound PCBs (Poly-
chlorlnated Blphenyls) by Fiddler Crabs. Journal
article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
J. R. Clark, J. M. Patrick, J. C. Moore, and J. Forester.
1986,10p EPA/600/J-86/087, CONTRIB-533
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 36, p571 -578 1986.
In a preliminary test with Uca minax and U. pugilator
exposed to PCBs in mud (1.04 micrograms PCBs/g)
and a mud-sand mixture (0.37 micrograms PCBs/g),
both species attained apparent steacfy state concen-
trations within 14 days, yielding calculated bioaccumu-
lation factors (BAF) that ranged from 0.19 to 1.07. A
definitive test with U. pugilator exposed to similar PCB
concentrations in sediment produced BAF values from
0.44 to 0.71; however, the predicted time to 90%
steady state ranged from 20 to 58 days. These tests
demonstrate that fiddler crabs can accumulate PCBs
from weathered sediments to concentrations that ap-
proximate the exposure concentrations and thus could
distribute PCBs into aquatic, avian, and mammalian
food webs in saltmarsh ecosystems.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Exposure, Reprints, "Bioaccu-
mulation, "Polychlorinated biphenyls, Uca minax, Uca
pugilator, Fiddler crabs.
PB86-208816/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.	v
Compartmental Models with Spatial Diffusion: Es-
timation for Bone-Seeking Tracers. Journal article
Washington State Univ., Pullman. Dept. of Pure arid
Applied Mathematics.
A. H. Marcus. c1983,19p EPA/600/J-83/343
Pub. in Mathematical Biosciences 64, p238-248 1983
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re!
search Triangle Park, NC.
A compartmentlike model is developed for tracers in
which bone-volume diffusion plays an important role in
body distribution (e.g. bone-volume-seeking metals)
The model requires solution of an infinite eigensystem
Approximations are presented for cylindrical diffusion
in canalicular territory. An application to lead metabo-
lism in beagle dogs suggests that finite truncation of
the system of equations provides an adequate ap-
proximation for routine use in computer programs for
compartmental-parameter estimation. The model is
consistent with both power-law and exponential mix-
ture retention functions.
Keywords: "Models, "Bones, 'Diffusion, Isotopic label-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-209061/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Immunotoxlcological Investigations In the Mouse:
General Approach and Methods. Journal article,
Medical Coll. of Virginia, Richmond. Dept. of Pharma-
cology and Toxicology.
K. L. White, V. M. Sanders, D. W. Barnes, G. M. Shopp,
and A. E. Munson. c1985, 34p EPA/600/J-85/414
Grant EPA-R-806481
Pub. in Drug and Chemical Toxicology 8, n5 p299-331
Oct 85. Prepared in cooperation with East Carolina
Univ., Greenville, NC. Sponsored by Health Effects
Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The adverse effects of chemicals on the lymphoreticu-
lar system have generated considerable toxicological
interest. In the series of papers, the effects of selected
environmentally relevant compounds are reported.
The first paper describes the methods and general ap-
proach used in judging a chemical's potential risk to
the immune system. Risk evaluation was approached
utilizing acute, 14- and 90-day studies. Both sexes of
the CD-1 random-bred mouse were employed. The
immune system was evaluated against a background
of more standard toxicological parameters, which in-
cluded fluid consumption, body and organ weights, he-
matology, serum and liver chemistries, hepatic micro-
somal enzyme activities and blood coagulation. Bone
marrow status was evaluated by assessing DNA syn-
thesis.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Immunology, Mice, Laborato-
ry animals, Reprints.
PB86-209079/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Omaha Childhood Blood Lead and Environmental
Lead: A Linear Total Exposure Model. Journal arti-
cle,
Nebraska Univ. Medical Center, Omaha.
C. R. Angle, A. Marcus, I. H. Cheng, and M. S. Mclntire.
c1984,14p EPA/600/J-84/375
Pub. in Environmental Research 35, p160-170 1984.
Prepared in cooperation with Washington State Univ.,
Pullman. Dept. of Pure and Applied Mathematics, and
Creighton Univ., Omaha, NE. School of Medicine.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The majority of experimental and population studies of
blood lead (PbB) and environmental lead, including the
Omaha study, have utilized the Goldsmith-Hexter log-
log or power function model. Comparison was made of
the log-log model and a linear model of total exposure
to describe the Omaha Study of 1074 PbBs from chil-
dren ages 1-18 years as related to air (PbA), soil (PbS),
and housedust (PbHD) lead. The data fit of the linear
model was statistically equivalent to the power model
and the predicted curves were biologically more plau-
sible. The linear model avoids the mathematical limita-
tions of the power model which predicts PbB zero at
PbA zero. From the Omaha data, the model, In PbB =
In (Bo + B1 PbA + B2 PbS + B3 PbHD) predicts that
PbB increases 1.92 micrograms/dl as PbA increases
1.0 micrograms/cu. m. Since PbS and PbHD increase
with PbA, however, the increases in total exposure
predict a PbB increase of 4-5 micrograms/dl as PbA
increases 1.0 micrograms/cu. m.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), Children, Exposure, Models,
Reprints, "Heavy metals.
PBM-209087/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Predicting the Effectiveness of Chemical-Protec-
tive Clothing Model and Test Method Develop-
ment. Project rept. Jan-Sep 85,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
A S. Bhown, E. F. Philpot, D. P. Sogers, G. D. Sides,
and R. B. Spafford. Jun 86,151 p EPA/600/2-86/055
Contract EPA-68-03-3113
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
A predictive model and test method were developed
for determining the chemical resistance of protective
polymeric gloves exposed to liquid organic chemicals.
The prediction of permeation through protective
gloves by solvents was based on theories of the solu-
tion thermodynamics of polymer/solvent systems and
the diffusion of solvents in polymers. These models
and test methods were further developed to estimate
the solubility, S, and the diffusion coefficient, D for a
solvent in a glove polymer. Given S and D, the perme-
ation of a glove by a solvent can be predicted for vari-
ous exposure conditions using analytical or numerical
solutions to Fick's Laws. The model developed for es-
timating solubility is based on group-contribution meth-
ods for predicting phase equilibria, while that for esti-
mating diffusion coefficients versus concentration is
based on free-volume theory. The predictive test
method developed is a liquid-immersion/desorption
method that provides estimates of S and D.
Keywords: "Protective clothing, "Chemicals, "Sol-
vents, Test methods, Models, Resistance, Protective
equipment, Exposure(Physiology), Effectiveness, Pre-
diction, Gloves. Polymers.
PB86-209095/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Coal Gasification Environmental Data Summary:
Organics. Final rept. Sep 84-Dec 85,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
K.J. Bombaugh. Apr 86,179p EPA/600/7-86/015D
Contract EPA-68-02-3137
See also PB86-192283. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report summarizes the organics data from envi-
ronmental assessments of several low- and medium-
Btu coal gasification processes conducted between
1977 and 1981 under the sponsorship of the U.S. EPA.
The data summary focuses on the concentration, com-
position, and mass flow of organics in the major
streams of the various gasifier-related processes.
Many compounds in the organics from the major gase-
ous-, aqueous, and solid-phase streams of the proc-
esses are identified. Organic compositions and stream
concentrations among plants and plant streams are
compared.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Coal gasification,
Chemical analysis, Assessments, "Pollution control,
Stationary sources, Environmental assessment.
PB86-209400/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Guideline* for Field Testing Soil Fate and Trans-
port Models: Final report,
Nevada Univ., Las Vegas.
S. C. Hern, and S. M. Melancon. Apr 86,298p EPA/
600/07-86/020
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The present document was conceived to address the
needs of a growing body of individuals working with
soil fate and transport models. A variety of stochastic
and deterministic soil leaching models have been de-
veloped in the past decade, particularly to measure the
transport and transformation of organic pollutants
moving through the vadose zone. The U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency (USEPA) has supported the
development and testing of three such models, largely
for screening purposes: The Seasonal Soil Compart-
ment Model (SESOIL), the Pesticide Root Zone Model
(PRZM), and the Pesticide Analytical Model
(PESTAN). The document seeks to provide the reader
with a general overview of the uses and limitations of
vadose zone models.
Keywords: "Leaching, "Soils, "Water pollution, Runoff,
Mathematical models, Organic compounds, Pesti-
cides, Field tests, Plumes, Sediment transport, Satu-
rated soils, Vadose zone, PRZM model, Path of pollut-
ants.
PB86-209418/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Symposium on the Application of Short-Term
Bloassayt In the Analysis of Complex Environ-
mental Mixtures (4th) Proceedings,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. D. Waters, S. S. Sandhu, J. Lewtas, L. Claxton, and
G. Strauss. Mar 86,379p EPA/600/9-86/009
See also PB83-180430.
The document is a proceedings of the fourth symposi-
um on the 'Application of Short-Term Bioassays in the
Analysis of Complex Environmental Mixtures' held
March 27-29, 1985 in Chapel Hill, NC. The early chap-
ters of the volume are devoted to new bioassay tech-
niques that are directly applicable to the monitoring of
environments contaminated with genotoxic chemicals.
Microbiological methods have been further refined to
meet the special needs of atmospheric monitoring so
that very small samples may now be efficiently tested.
New in situ methods utilizing green plants actually
avoid many of the usual difficulties of sample collec-
tion and preparation and offer special advantages in
monitoring wastewater, sludges, and hazardous
wastes. Increased emphasis has been placed on a
comprehensive assessment of the potential of com-
plex mixtures to cause various kinds of genetic
damage. Studies comparing in vitro and in vivo data on
a coal conversion byproduct, on polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons, and on mineral fibers are reported in
separate papers. Later chapters are devoted to inves-
tigations on the fractionation and biological evaluation
of specific chemical components within complex mix-
tures. Techniques have been used to demonstrate the
formation of potent mutagens, the nitropyrenes, in en-
vironmental mixtures as well as in foods. The effect of
atmospheric transformation of automotive exhaust or-
ganics and of woodstove emissions were reviewed.
Chamber studies showed that atmospheric processes
can both increase and decrease the mutagenicity of
emitted organic compounds.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Meetings, "Bio-
assay, "Chemical compounds, Public health. Expo-
sure, Sampling, Hazardous materials, Toxicology, In
vivo analysis, In vitro analysis, Laboratory animals.
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Teratogenesis.
PB86-209780/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Literature Survey of Environmental Concerns As-
sociated with In situ Coal/Oil Shale Operations.
Final rept. Aug-Sep 85,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
D. D. Fischer. Jun 86, 76p EPA/600/7-86/022
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report summarizes available data on in situ coal
gasification and in situ oil shale retorting to assess
their potential environmental impacts on four areas: (1)
groundwater due to leaching of residual materials left
underground, (2) those due to subsidence, (3) air qual-
ity due to percolation of gases up through the overbur-
den, with subsequent release to atmosphere, and (4)
those due to co-produced solid waste consisting of
particulate matter coated with condensed hydrocar-
bons.
Keywords: "Coal gasification, "Pollution, Autoclaving,
Oil shale, Ground water, Leaching.
PB86-209798/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Slster-Chromatld Exchange Induction in Rat Ma-
ternal, Embryonic and Extra-Embryonic Cells
After in vivo Exposure to 4-Nltroquinoline 1-
Oxide. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
R. K. Sharma, R. Dunn, and J. W. Allen. c1984,6p
EPA/600/J-84/379
Pub. in Mutation Research 139, n3 p139-142 Mar 84.
Prepared in cooperation with National Inst, of Environ-
mental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Genetic damage is associated with various embryo
pathologies; and many teratogens and transplacental
carcinogens are known to be genotoxic. The present
study was aimed at charaterizing SCE induction levels
in rodent maternal, embryonic and extra-embryonic
cells after maternal exposure to 4NQO. Tissue-specific
assessments were made at various gestational ages,
and thus stages of placental development. Embryo
liver, and yolk sac - the malfunction of which has been
implicated in teratogenic mechanisms were assessed
with a particular view to whether they would show rela-
tively low levels of SCE induction and thereby lend
support to the concept of a protective placental barrier
to 4NQO. A previously established rat system allowing
for in vivo SCE induction analyses of maternal marrow
and embryo liver or yolk sac was used for these stud-
ies.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Toxicology, In vivo analysis, Rats, Re-
prints, "Sister chromatid exchange, Genotoxicity, *Ni-
troquinoline oxide.
PB86-209806/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Mammalian In vivo Assays for Aneuploidy in
Female Germ Cells. Journal article,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
J. B. Mailhes, R. J. Preston, and K. S. Lavappa. c1986,
13p EPA/600/J-86/083
Contract EPA-68-02-3839
Pub. in Mutation Research 167, p139-148 Jan 86. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Louisiana State Univ. Medi-
cal Center, Shreveport. Dept. of Obstetrics and Gyne-
cology. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment.
A committee of scientists was established by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency to appraise the cur-
rent state of aneuploidy test methodology, to compile
and analyze published data on the chemical induction
of aneuploidy, and to provide guidance for additional
test development and validation. The committee was
organized into 9 working groups, representing different
eukaryotic organisms ranging from fungi to whole
mammals. The Environmental Mutagen, Carcinogen,
and Teratogen Information Program at Oak Ridge Na-
tional Laboratory identified and provided literature to
the working groups. The 9 reports were prepared by
the individual working groups. The reports include: (1)
descriptions of the available testing approaches and
general principles to be followed for protocol develop-
ment, (2) criteria for evaluating data, and (3) recom-
mendations for future test development and basic re-
search. The evaluated results are presented in tables.
Keywords: Mammals, In vivo analysis, Germ cells, Re-
prints, "Aneuploidy, Mutagenesis.
PB86-209814/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Aneuploidy Data Review Committee: Summary
Compilation of Chemical Data Base and Evalua-
tion of Test Methodology. Journal article,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
V. L. Dellarco, D. H. Mavournin, and M. D. Waters.
C1986, 23p EPA/600/J-86/084
Contract EPA-68-02-3839
Pub. in Mutation Research 167, p149-169 Jan 86. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology
Div. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment.
A committee of scientists was estblished by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency to appraise the cur-
rent state of aneuploidy test methodology, to compile
and analyze published data on the chemical induction
of aneuploidy, and to provide guidance for additional
test development and validation. The committee was
organized into 9 working groups, representing different
eukaryotic organisms ranging from fungi to whole
mammals. The Environmental Mutagen, Carcinogen,
and Teratogen Information Program at Oak Ridge Na-
tional Laboratory identified and provided literature to
the working groups. The 9 reports were prepared by
the individual working groups. The reports include: (1)
descriptions of the available testing approaches and
general principles to be followed for protocol develop-
ment, (2) criterial for evaluating data, and (3) recom-
mendations for future test development and basic re-
search. The evaluated results are presented in tables.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Test methods, Validation, Re-
prints, "Aneuploidy, "Mutagenesis.
PB86-209822/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
Genetic Activity Profiles of Chemicals Selected
from the Aneuploidy Data Base. Journal article,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
M D Waters, H. F. Stack, K. H. Mavournin, and V. L.
Dellarco. C1986, 20p EPA/600/J-86/085
Contract EPA-68-02-3839
Pub in Mutation Research 167, p171 -188 Jan 86.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Environmental Health Re-
search and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.,
and Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
DC. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
A committee of scientists was established by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency to appraise the cur-
rent state of aneuploidy test methodology, to compile
and analyze published data on the chemical induction
of aneuploidy, and to provide guidance for additional
test development and validation. The committee was
organized into 9 working groups, representing different
eukaryotic organisms ranging from fungi to whole
mammaals. The Environmental Mutagen, Carcinogen,
and Teratogen Information Program at Oak Ridge Na-
tional Laboratory identified and provided literature to
the working groups. The 9 reports were prepared by
the individual working groups. The reports include: (1)
descriptions of the available testing approaches and
general principles to be followed for protocol develop-
ment, (2) criteria for evaluating data, and (3) recom-
mendations for future test development and basic re-
search. The evaluated results are presented in tables.
For the positive and negative calls, the lowest effective
dose tested or the highest ineffective dose tested, re-
spectively, and the range of concentrations tested are
provided. An overall summary report was prepared
that summarizes the conclusions and recommenda-
tions of the 9 working groups and the chemical data
base. It is hoped that these reports will provide a
framework for further test development and validation
of aneuploidy assays.
Keywords: "Data bases, Chemical compounds, Genet-
ics, Activity, Reprints, "Aneuploidy.
PB86-209830/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
Mutation and Enhanced Virus Transformation of
Cultured Hamster Cells by Exposure to Gaseous
Ethylene Oxide. Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
G. G. Hatch, P. M. Conklin, C. C. Christensen, T. M.
Anderson, and R. Langenbach. C1986,12p EPA/600/
J-86/096
Contract EPA-68-02-2566
Pub. in Environmental Mutagenesis, v8 n1 p67-76 Jan
83. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
Ethylene oxide is a classical mutagen and a carcino-
gen based on evidence from studies in experimental
animals. It is widely distributed in industrial, research,
hospital, and food environments. In an effort to explore
the use of newly developed methods for exposing
mammalian cells to gaseous or volatile mutagens/car-
cinogens, Chinese hamster V79 cells were treated for
2 hr with gaseous ethylene oxide, in sealed treatment
chambers and assayed for survival and mutagenic re-
sponse by analysis of induced resistance to 6-thio-
guanine or ouabain. Significant numbers of mutants
were produced at both genetic markers by 1,250-7,500
ppm ethylene oxide. Similarly, primary Syrian hamster
embryo cells were treated for 2 or 20 hr with gaseous
ethylene oxide in sealed treatment chambers and sub-
sequently assayed for survival and increased sensitivi-
ty to SA7 virus transformation. Treatment concentra-
tions extended from toxic to several nontoxic concen-
trations.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Genes, Viruses, Mutations,
In vitro analysis, Cells(Biology), Reprints, "Ethylene
oxide.
PB86-209848/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects on the Fetal Rat Intestine of Maternal Mal-
nutrition and Exposure to Nitrofen (2,4-Dlchloro-
phenyl-p-Nitrophenyl Ether). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. Mahboob, E. R. Hoogenboom, R. J. Kavlock, and F.
J. Zeman. C1986,15p EPA/600/J-86/098
Pub. in Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagen-
esis, v6 n6 p45-57 Jan 86. Prepared in cooperation
with California Univ., Davis.
The effects of maternal protein-energy malnutrition
and exposure to nitrofen on selected aspects of intes-
tinal morphology and function were studied in the fetal
rat. Pregnant rats were fed, throughout gestation, diets
containing 24% or 6% casein as the sole source of
protein. Reduced total food intake produced protein-
energy malnutrition (PEM). Each diet group was divid-
ed in half and gavaged with either 12.5 mg nitrofen in
corn oil/kg/day or corn oil carrier only from days 7 to
21 of gestation. Body weight, intestinal weight, length,
and diameter were measured as were villus length
(VL), villus width (VW), and number of villi per length of
intestine (VMM). Protein (horseradish peroxidase) and
lipid absorption were studied histochemically. Lactase
and dipeptidase activities were determined in proximal,
medial, and distal thirds of the intestine. Results
showed that the restricted maternal diet resulted in re-
duced fetal body weight (BW), intestinal weight (IW)
and length (IL), reduced IW/BW and IW/IL ratios, VH,
and VMM. The VW was reduced only in the distal third.
Keywords:	"Toxicology,	Malnutrition,
Ingestion(Biology), Rats, Laboratory animals, Intes-
tines, Exposure, Reprints, "Nitrofen.
PB86-210119/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Advances in Marine Environmental Research: Pro-
ceedings of a Symposium,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
F. S. Jacoff. Sep 79,424p EPA/600/9-79/035
The volume is a collection of the invited papers pre-
sented on the occasion of the dedication in June, 1977
of a major addition to the EPA Environmental Re-
search Laboratory at Narragansett, Rl. Studies of the
biological effects of environmental perturbations domi-
nate the collection. Individual contributions also de-
scribe advances in the chemical analysis of both or-
ganic and inorganic pollutants in marine systems as
well as the management of environmental data.
Keywords: "Environmental impacts, "Marine biology,
"Pollution, Clams, Reefs, Laboratorier, Trace ele-
ments, Sediment transport, Organic compounds, Inor-
ganic compounds, Mathematical models, Life cycles,
Lobsters, Shrimps, Diets, Soybeans, Tables(Data),
Barnacles, Trace element, Balanus mauplii.
PB86-210176/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Report to the Congress of the United States on
the Post-Closure Liability Trust Fund under Sec-
tion 301 (a) (2) (ii) of the Comprehensive Environ-
mental Response, Compensation and Liability Act
of 1980. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Jun 85,89p
See also PB86-212479.
The report was submitted by EPA to Congress under
Section 301(a)(2)(ii) of CERCLA. The report assesses
the need for and adequacy of the revenue raised by
the Post-Closure Liability Trust Fund (PCLTF) in rela-
tion to its estimated future requirements. In preparing
the report, EPA used a computer simulation model to
estimate the range of potential revenues, expenditures
and annual balance of the PCLTF. The report contains
an Executive Summary and five chapters on the fol-
lowing topics: Introduction; background on RCRA,
CERCLA, and the PCLTF; a description of the comput-
er model; approaches to assessing PCLTF adequacy;
results of the computer simulations; and revenue anal-
ysis. More detailed descriptions of the computer model
and the simulation results are contained in three vol-
umes of appendices. The report itself does not include
any legislative recommendations. However, the trans-
mittal memorandum accompanying the report outlines
the Administration's recommendations.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, Revenue, Expenses,
Industrial wastes, Sanitary landfills, "Post-closure Li-
ability Trust Fund.
PB86-210465/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy Analysis.
Controlling Outliers In Contingent Valuation Ex-
periments. Final rept.,
Yale Univ., New Haven, CT. School of Forestry and
Environmental Studies.
R. Mendelsohn. Apr 86, 26p EPA/230/06-86/015
Contract EPA-68-01 -6596
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Policy Analysis.
There is no established protocol for the analysis of
data collected in contingent valuation surveys. This
has led to seemingly arbitrary removal of some outlier
observations, which leads to questions about the rep-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
resentativeness of the results reported in the literature.
The report critiques the methods researchers have
used to analyze the data from contingent valuation sur-
veys and suggests procedures for future analyses.
Three procedures regress the responses on a set of
economic and demographic variables (e.g., income,
age, sex, prices). Then if the unweighted residuals
appear to be normally distributed, analysis should pro-
ceed. The first process would drop outliers (iteratively)
that are more than (say) six standard deviations from
the mean response. The second process would weight
observations close to the regression line more heavily
than those further away, so that those with true ex-
treme preferences are not eliminated. The third proce-
dure would incorporate known independent sources of
bias in the regression. A forth approach would exam-
ine the median response rather the mean; this would
be more like a voting outcome but ignores extreme
preferences. Testing of competing approaches is rec-
ommended.
Keywords: Regression analysis, Water quality, Envi-
ronmental surveys, "Outliers(Statistics), 'Contingent
valuation analysis.
PB86-210531/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Radiological Measurement at the Maxey Flats Ra-
dioactive Waste Burial Site - 1974 to 1975,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
D. M. Montgomery, H. E. Kolde, and R. L. Blanchard.
Jan 77,109p EPA/520/5-76/020
The report discusses radiological measurements
made by the Radiochemistry and Nuclear Engineering
Branch, Cincinnati, at the request of the ORP Technol-
ogy Assessment Division in support of EPA's program
to obtain data on the principles and processes of land
burial and the actual impact on the environment of
presently operating commercial burial facilities. The in-
formation obtained indicates that the quantities of ra-
dioactivity detected outside the burial trenches are so
low that they do not appear to be a significant hazard
to the environment or to public health in the Maxey
Flats area, at the present time. However, the potential
long-range impact of these contaminants is not known.
Keywords: "Radioactivity, "Maxey Flats, Environmen-
tal impacts, "Radioactive waste disposal, Ground dis-
posal, Monitoring.
PB86-210572/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Pathway Models for Estimating
Population Health Effects from Disposal of High-
Level Radioactive Waste In Geologic Repositor-
ies. Final Report,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
J M. Smith, T. W. Fowler, and A. S. Goldin. Aug 85,
378p EPA/520/5-05/026
See also PB83-171207.
As part of its program to develop environmental stand-
ards for disposal of high-level radioactive wastes, the
Environmental Protection Agency estimated popula-
tion health risks for 10,000 years after disposal in
mined geologic repositories (EPA85a). The report de-
scribes the mathematical models EPA formulated to
calculate the environmental risk committments
(ERC's—fatal cancers and serious genetic effects to
all generations) that could occur as a result of releases
from such repositories. The report also identifies the
data EPA chose to use in these models and presents
our estimates of the premature fatal cancers caused
per unit of radionuclide released to the accessible en-
vironment. These estimates have been used to select
the containment requirements in the Agency's final
disposal standards (40CFR191).
Keywords: "Radiation protection. Neoplasms, Mathe-
matical models, 'Biological radiation effects, "Radio-
active waste disposal, High level radioactive wastes,
"Health hazards, Cancer, Genetic radiation effects,
Environment protection.
PB86-210598/HSU	MF A01
Air Quality Data • 1985 Annual Statistics Including
Summaries with Reference to Standards. Annual
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sep 86, 379p EPA/450/4-86/008
See also PB85-214237.
Microfiche copy only (one sheet of 48X reduction).
The report presents comprehensive summaries of
data produced by the Nation's ambient air quality mon-
itoring activities for 1985. The data are summarized in
two formats: frequency distributions (Part I) and status
of data with reference to standards (Part II). These
summaries are based on data acquired through exten-
sive monitoring activities conducted by Federal, State,
and local pollution control agencies and submitted to
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's National
Aerometric Data Bank. Information is provided on the
six pollutants for which National Ambient Air Quality
Standards have been set: total suspended particu-
lates, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen diox-
ide, lead, and ozone.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Standards, Particles,
Carbon monoxide, Sulfur dioxide, Lead(Metal), Ozone,
National government, State government, "Air quality
data, "National ambient air quality standards, "Air pol-
lution abatement, Reference materials.
PB86-210614/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Office of Science and Technology, Washington, DC.
Investigation of Radiofrequency Radiation Expo-
sure Levels on Cougar Mountain, Issaquah, Wash-
ington, May 6-10,1985.
Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas, NV. Electro-
magnetics Branch.
Dec 85, 59p
Sponsored by Office of Science and Technology,
Washington, DC.
During May 1985, the Electromagnetics Branch of the
Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of
Radiation Programs (ORP) conducted a radiofrequen-
cy (RF) radiation investigation on Cougar Mountain,
Washington. EPA found that FM radio broadcast an-
tennas are the only significant sources of RF on
Cougar Mountain. Two types of results are presented
in the report, spatially averaged values and maximum
localized values. The spatially averaged values are
most representative of an individual's typical whole-
body exposure. The maximum values are normally as-
sociated with areas of limited extent wherein only par-
tial-body exposures might occur. The greatest spatially
averaged power density measured in a publicly acces-
sible location is 700 microwatts/sq cm within 25 feet of
a tower which supports an FM antenna. Measured lo-
calized maximum power densities in two publicly ac-
cessible areas exceeded the 1,000 microwatts/sq cm
ANSI radiation protection guide adopted by the FCC.
Near residences, the greatest spatially averaged
power density found was 117 microwatts/sq cm. In-
doors, highly localized power densities reached 350
microwatts/sq cm, while spatially averaged values did
not exceed 23 microwatts/sq cm.
Keywords: "Radio waves, "Radiation hazards, Fre-
quency modulation. Antennas, Radio broadcasting,
Radiation protection, Washington(State), Mountains.
PB86-210622/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Measurement of Cardiopulmonary Function by
Rebreathing Methodology In Piglets. Journal arti-
cle,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
W. M. Mentz, E. E. Lawson, and M. Friedman. c1984,
7p EPA/600/J-84/377
Pub. in Pediatric Research, v18 n11 p1167-1172 May
84. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The use of a multiple gas rebreathing method for the
measurement of cardiopulmonary function in mechani-
cally ventilated neonates was evaluated. The following
indices of cardiopulmonary function were assessed in
20 piglets (mean weight, 2.3 kg): (1) pulmonary capil-
lary blood flow (Q), (2) diffusing capacity for carbon
monoxide (DLCO), (3) lung gas volume (FRC), (4)
oxygen consumption (V02), and (5) volume of the pul-
monary tissues and capillaries (VTPC), the latter an es-
timate of total lung water. During mechanical ventila-
tion at zero end expiratory pressure, all rebreathing pa-
rameters correlated well with body weight. Additional-
ly, a good correlation (r = 0.81, slope = 0.99) be-
tween VTPC and postmortem estimate of total lung
water was observed. The effect of ventilation with
positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) was then
studied in 10 piglets.
Keywords: Swine, Laboratory animals, Measurement,
Reprints, "Cardiopulmonary function, "Rebreathing.
PB86-210630/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Absorption, Distribution, Excretion, and Metabo-
lism of a Single Oral Dose of o-Ethyl o-4-Nltro-
phenyl Phenylphosphonothioate in Hens. Journal
article,
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC.
M. B. Abou-Donia, B. L. Reichert, and M. A. Ashry.
C1983, 13p EPA/600/J-83/345
Grant EPA-R-806400
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 70, p18-
28 Mar 83. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The disposition and metabolism of a single oral 10 mg/
kg (LD50) of uniformly phenyl-labeled (14C)EPN (O-
ethyl 0-4 nitrophenyl (14C) phenylphosphonothioate)
were studied in adult hens. The birds were protected
from acute toxicity with atropine sulfate. Three treated
hens were killed at each time interval (days): 0.5, 2, 4,
8, 12. Radioactivity was adsorbed from the gastroin-
testinal tract and distributed in all tissues. Most of the
dose was excreted in the combined urinary-fecal ex-
creta (74%). Only traces of the radioactivity (0.2%)
were detected in expired C02. Most of the excreted ra-
dioactive materials were identified as phenylphos-
phonic acid (PPA), O-ethyl phenylphosphonic acid
(EPPA), and O-ethyl phenylphosphonothioc acid
(EPPTA). Radioactivity in tissues reached a peak of
11.8% in 12 days. The highest concentration of radio-
activity was present in the liver followed by bile, kidney,
adipose tissue, and muscle. EPN was the major com-
pound identified in brain, spinal cord, sciatic nerve,
kidney, and plasma.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Chickens, Dosage, Absorp-
tion, Distribution, Excretion, Metabolism, Reprints,
"Phenylphosphonothioate.
PB86-210648/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Evaluation of Anaerobic, Expanded-Bed Contrac-
tors for Municipal Wastewater Treatment,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
D. S. Brown, S. Mehrotra, A. C. Petrasek, A. E. Eralp,
and D. F. Bishop. Jun 86, 54p EPA/600/D-86/120
Prepared in cooperation with Miami Univ., Oxford, OH.,
and Halff (Albert H.) Associates, Inc., Dallas, TX.
The anaerobic expanded-bed contactors for treating
dilute municipal wastes were evaluated. A 334-liter dia-
tomaceous earth, a 334 liter granular activated carbon,
a set of two 66-liter sand, and two 3-liter diatomaceous
earth reactor systems were used. For the most part the
feed was Cincinnati Mill Creek Plant primary effluent
which has a rather high industrial component and high
sulfate content. In pilot scale experiments total COD
removals up to 75% were obtained, although average
removals for the three systems investigated were
somewhat less. However, the performance may not be
representative of the anaerobic expanded bed contac-
tors. In the early part of the research plugging prob-
lems occurred in the graded gravel underdrains.
Design of systems which will not plug will be a major
challenge for designers of full-scale reactors.
Keywords: "Contactors, "Sewage treatment, "Munici-
palities, Anaerobic processes, Diatomaceous earth,
Activated carbon treatment, Pilot plants. Removal,
Design, Inorganic sulfates, Drains, Plugs, Evaluation,
"Expanded bed contactors, Chemical oxygen demand.
PB86-210671 /HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Background Document - Final Rule: Closure/Post-
Cloaure and Financial Responsibility Require-
ments, Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and
Disposal Facilities. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Apr 86, 219p EPA/530/SW-86/009
The background document supports the final rulemak-
ing for the amendments to closure, post-closure care,
and financial responsibility regulations applicable to
owners and operators of hazardous waste treatment,
storage, and disposal facilities. These regulations were
promulgated on May 2.1986 (51 FR 16422). The doc-
ument describes the public comments received by
EPA concerning the proposed amendments and
EPA's responses. The document also summarizes and
contrasts, section by section, the previous regulation,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
the March 19, 1985 proposed rule, and the final rule
adopted by EPA.
Keywords: 'Regulations, 'Waste treatment, 'Hazard-
ous materials, 'Waste disposal, Public opinion, Facili-
ties, 'Waste storage, 'Closures, Environment protec-
tion, Legal aspects.
PB86-211042/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects on the Fetus of Maternal Benomyl Expo-
sure in the Protein-Deprived Rat. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
F. Zeman, E. Hoogenboom, R. Kavlock, and J.
Semple. c1986,15p EPA/600/J-86/099
Pub. in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental
Health, v17 n4 p405-417 Apr 86. Prepared in coopera-
tion with California Univ., Davis.
The separate and combined effects of protein depriva-
tion and benomyl ((methyl 1 -butylcarbomoyl)2-benzim-
idazole carbamate) exposure were studied in the preg-
nant rat fed a diet containing 24% (control) or 8% (de-
ficient) casein throughout gestation. Within each diet
group, subgroups were gavaged at 31.2 mg/kg body
weight with benomyl or corn-oil carrier only on d 7-16
or 7-21 of gestation. No effects on the skeleton were
seen. Benomyl exposure in the last 2 wk in dams fed
the 24% casein diet resulted in a high incidence of
fetal brain anomalies. This effect did not occur in those
with benomyl exposure during the period of organo-
genesis only and was reduced in groups fed the pro-
tein-deficient diet. Exposure to benomyl in the last 2
wk in the protein-deprived rat resulted in a decrease in
the weight of the fetal heart in excess of that attributa-
ble to diet alone. Lungs were a smaller portion of body
weight in fetuses of benomyl-treated dams in both diet
groups. The teratogenic effect on the brain in animals
exposed to benomyl in wk 2 and 3 of gestation sug-
gests that screening for teratogenic effects during or-
ganogenesis only may be insufficient.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Pregnancy, Exposure, Rats,
Proteins, Diet, Fetuses, Laboratory animals, Reprints,
'Benomyl.
PB86-211380/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Catalytic Combustion Component and System
Prototype Development. Final rept.,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
J. P. Kesselring, and W. V. Krill. May 86, 31 Op EPA/
600/7-86/021
Contract EPA-68-02-3122
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of a project to develop the
components required for catalytic combustion system
operation and evaluation. The systems investigated
(firetube boiler, watertube boiler, and gas turbine),
when integrated with the catalytic combustor, have po-
tential for both significant reductions in NOx emissions
and increases in system thermal efficiency.
Keywords: 'Combustion, 'Catalysts, 'Gas turbines,
'Water tube boilers, "Fire tube boilers, Nitrogen
oxides, 'Air pollution control, Emission factors.
PB86-211562/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Mutagenicity of Selected Organic Solvents. Jour-
nal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
H. Vainio, M. D. Waters, and H. Norppa. c1985,11 p
EPA/600/J-85/429
Pub. in Scandinavian Jnl. of Work, Environment and
Health 11, nl p75-82 1985. Prepared in cooperation
with International Agency for Research on Cancer,
Lyon (France), and Institute of Occupational Health,
Helsinki (Finland).
Mutagenicity of selected organic solvents. Scand J
Work Environ Health 11 (1985): suppl 1, 75-82. For
certain organic solvents, such as benzene, vinyl chlo-
ride styrene, technical grade trichloroethylene, and
acry'lonitrile, the available studies provide convincing
evidence to demonstrate activity in short-term genetic
assays. For a few solvents, such as phenol, vinyl tolu-
ene, ethanol, and tetrachloroethylene, the evidence is
limited to a certain test system and/or test organism.
For most of the solvents reviewed, studies are either
lacking or they are so inadequate that no final evalua-
tion on the mutagenic activity of the solvents can be
made.
Keywords: "Solvents, Organic compounds, Bioassays,
Genetics, Reprints, "Mutagenesis, Chromosome aber-
rations.
PB86-211711/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Chromosome 11 Aberrations in Small Colony
L5178Y TK-/-Mutants Early In Their Clonal Histo-
ry. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
J. Hozier, J. Sawyer, D. Clive, and M. M. Moore. c1985,
9p EPA/600/J-85/409
Pub. in Mutation Research 147, p237-242 1985. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Florida Inst, of Tech., Mel-
bourne, and Burroughs Wellcome Co., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
The authors have developed a cytogenetic technique
that allows observation of chromosome rearrange-
ments associated with TK-/- mutagenesis of the
L5178Y/TK + /-3.7.2C cell line early in mutant clonal
history. For a series of mutagenic treatments they
show that the major proportion (93%) of small-colony
(omega) mutants studied have chromosome 11 rear-
rangements (the chromosome containing the thymi-
dine kinase gene) while large-colony (lambda) mutants
do not have detectable chromosome rearrangements.
In addition, the authors find among the chromosome
abnormalities in omega mutants a significant propor-
tion (34%) with dicentric chromosomes involving chro-
mosome 11. These potentially unstable chromosome
rearrangements may help to explain the karyotypic in-
stability and heterogeneity among chromosome 11 ab-
errations previously noted in omega mutants when
they are analyzed later in their clonal history.
Keywords: "Chromosomes, 'Mutants, Genetics, Re-
prints, Cytogenetics.
PB86-211802/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Alaska Pesticides Profile.
Environmental Protection Agency, Anchorage, AK.
Alaska Operations Office.
Mar 86,63p EPA/910/9-86/139
The intent of the pesticide profile is to provide an accu-
rate and specific description of the current status of
pesticide issues and uses in the State of Alaska. Con-
sequently, the document attempts to quantify pesticide
uses by asking who's applying them as well as deter-
mining types of substances used. Government, private
and industrial pesticide users were indentified and sur-
veyed to achieve the goal.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Alaska, Utilization, Objec-
tives, Statutes, Regulations, National government,
State government, Local government, Industries,
Volume, Tables(Data), Profiles.
PB86-211869/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Field Evaluation of Resource Recovery of Hazard-
ous Wastes. Final rept.,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA.
A. W. Wyss, C. Castaldini, and M. M. Murray. Jun 86,
192p ACUREX-FR-85-157-EED, EPA/600/2-86/059
Contract EPA-68-02-3176
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Incineration of mixed waste solvents in two process
kilns was investigated during two 1-week field testing
programs. The overall objective of the study was to
evaluate the effectiveness of the two process kilns in
destroying hazardous wastes and quantify stack gas
emissions. During the test programs, samples of the
hazardous wastes fired in the kilns were collected and
analyzed for principal organic hazardous constituents
POHCs, selected trace metals, and chlorides. Air emis-
sions were sampled and analyzed for particulate
matter (including trace metals); volatile and semivola-
tile POHCs found in the wastes and other products of
incomplete combustion (PICs); and criteria pollutants
including sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon mon-
oxide, and hydrochloric acid. Test results indicated
that destruction and removal efficiencies (DREs) of
POHCs at one site failed to meet the 99.99 percent
level. POHC DREs at the second site were generally
above this level. This disparity of results was attributed
to difference in kiln operating temperature.
Keywords: "Incinerators, "Hazardous materials, "Air
pollution sampling, Air pollution, Trace elements,
Chlorides, Organic solvents, Waste disposal, "Com-
bustion efficiency, Particulate sampling, Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act.
PB86-211919/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Long-Term Effects of Municipal Solid Waste
Leachate on Landfill Liners. Symposium paper,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
R. E. Landreth. Jun 86, 18p EPA/600/D-86/124
A study was conducted to determine the long-term ef-
fects of municipal solid waste leachate on wide variety
of materials that could be used as landfill liners. To de-
termine the effective service lives of these materials
when placed in a prolonged contact with leachate or
landfill conditions, 65 materials were subjected to at
least one of seven different exposure tests. These ma-
terials included four admixes, two asphaltic mem-
branes, 50 commercial polymeric membrane liners,
and nine miscellaneous materials. Types of exposure
tests included simulated landfill exposures.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Earth fills, "Munici-
palities, Linings, Exposure, Tests, Asphalts, Mem-
branes, Polymers, Submerging, Leachate.
PB86-211927/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparison of the Toxicity of Acrylamide, Cyclo-
phosphamide, Chlrodecone, and Diethylstilbestrol
In Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) Cells with Their
Toxicity In vivo,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
J E. Simmons, M. Jackson, J. Lewtas, and E. Berman.
Jun 86,19p EPA/600/D-86/125
Grant EPA-R-812843
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Health
Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park,
NC.
In order to compare in vitro toxicity with in vivo toxicity,
four chemicals that have been tested in the in vivo/in
vitro toxicological screen proposed by the Health Ef-
fects Research Laboratory, EPA were tested in a Chi-
nese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cytotoxicity assay. Viability
index, cellular ATP concentration and rate of protein
synthesis were decreased by exposure to acrylamide
(AC), chlordecone (CH), diethylstilbestrol (DES), and
cyclophosphamide (CV) (P< 0.00001). All of these
chemicals were active in the CHO cytotoxicity assay.
The in vitro toxicity rankings (from most to least toxic)
based either on cellular ATP concentration or rate of
protein synthesis were identical: DES = CH < AC =
CV. The toxicity ranking based on viability index was:
DES = CH < AC < CY. All of these chemicals were
toxic in vivo following 10 days of repeated dosing. The
in vivo toxicity rankings (from most to least toxic)
based either on mortality or on liver weight were identi-
cal: CY < AC < DES (unable to rank CH since highest
concentration tested produced no change from con-
trol). The toxicity ranking for body weight at sacrifice
was: CH = CY < AC (unable to rank DES since lowest
concentration tested reduced body weight).
Keywords: "Toxicology, Comparison, In vivo analysis
Hamsters, Cells(Biology), Ovaries, "Acrylamide, "Cy-
clophosphamide, "Chlordecone, "Diethylstilbestrol.
PB86-21193S/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.	v
Growth Characteristics, Morphology, and Phos-
pholipid Composition of Human Type 2 Pulmo-
nary Alveolar Cells Grown In a Collagen-Free Ml-
croenvironment. Journal article,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus.
G. E. Milo, G. A. Ackerman, and R. L. Sanders. C1984
16p EPA/600/J-84/378
Grant EPA-R-806638
Pub in In Vitro, v20 n12 p899-911 Dec 84. Prepared in
cooperation with Tufts Univ., Boston, MA. School of
Medicine. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Human lung epithelial cells have been cultured and
characterized for phospholipid content. Any residual fi-
broblasts were removed by selective trypsinization
within the first 48 hours in culture. Epithelial cells were
serially subpassaged when cultures reached ca. 80%
confluency. Electron microscopic evaluation of both
monolayers and cell suspensions showed cultures to
be composed of a single cell type. These cells had a
microvillar free surface and were attached by desco-
somes which characterized them as epithelial. They
contained lamellar inclusions which is typical of type II
cells. Fetal lung (age 18-20 weeks) cell suspension
processed for electron microscopy prior to culturing
showed cells to be undifferentiated, epithelial-like with
small microvilli along cell borders and desmosomes at
cell cultured epithelial cell deconstrated that the lamel-
lar inclusions were not observed in these cells. Ultras-
tructural studies of the cultured epithelial cell demon-
strated that the lamellar inclusions had a slightly posi-
tive reaction when tested for acid phosphatase.
Keywords: Growth, Morphology, Phospholipids, 'Pul-
monary alveolar cells.
PB86-212081/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Projected Impacts o< Alternative Sulfur Dioxide
New Source Performance Standards for Industrial
Fossll-Fuel-Flred Boilers. Final rept.
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
VA.
Mar 85,137p EPA/450/3-86/007
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The report presents projected environmental, cost,
and energy impacts of alternative sulfur dioxide (S02)
air emission standards for new industrial fossil-fuel-
fired steam generating units. These impacts are meas-
ured in terms of the projected change under current
versus alternative air emission regulations. The analy-
sis of environmental impacts focuses on changes in
levels of air emissions. Cost impacts are evaluated in
terms of incremental changes in the total annualized
costs for boiler and pollution control equipment capital,
operating, and fuel costs. Energy impacts are evaluat-
ed in terms of shifts in the demand between fuel types
(e.g., coal or residual fuel oil versus natural gas).
Keywords: *Air pollution abatement, 'Sulfur dioxide,
Performance standards, Air pollution control, Air qual-
ity, Cost, Environmental policy, Steam generation.
PB86-212099/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Summary of Regulatory Analysis for New Source
Performance Standards: Industrial-Commercial-
Institutional Steam Generating Units of Qreater
Than 100 Million Btu/Hour Heat Input. Final rept.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Jun 86,291 p EPA/450/3-86/005
Contract EPA-68-02-3816
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The document summarizes the environmental, eco-
nomic, and cost analyses that were conducted to sup-
port the development of new source performance
standards limiting emissions of S02 from industrial-
commercial-institutional steam generating units. Alter-
native S02 control technologies and regulatory op-
tions are analyzed in terms of S02 emission reduction
capability, costs of control, secondary environmental
impacts, national impacts, and inndustry-specific eco-
nomic impacts. In addition, the impacts of allowing
emission credits for cogeneration and mixed fuel-fired
steam generating units are discussed. The document
is intended to serve as an overview of the analyses
and regulatory alternatives considered during the
standards development process.
Keywords: 'Steam generation plants, 'Sulfur dioxide,
Fossil fuels, Boilers, Steam electric power generation,
Cogeneration, Standards, 'Federal test procedures,
•New source performance standards, 'Air pollution
abatement.
PB86-212131/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Portability, Maintenance and Fortran Program-
ming Style,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
T. O. Barnwell, and D. W. Disney. Jun 86,12p
EPA600/D-86/123
Prepared in cooperation with Computer Sciences
Corp., Athens, GA.
Programming conventions are described that make
FORTRAN programs easily transportable from mini-
computers and mainframes to the microcomputer en-
vironment. Topics discussed include program design
considerations, user interlace, documentation, coding
conventions, downloading problems, and develop-
ment tools.
Keywords: 'Fortran, Microcomputers, Interfaces,
"Software tools, 'Computer program portability,
'Computer program documentation, User needs,
Downloading.
PB88-212263/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Interim Status Surface Impoundments Retrofitting
Variances. Final rept.
Labat-Anderson, Inc., Arlington, VA.
8 Jul 86,101p EPA/530/SW-86/017
Contract EPA-68-01-7237
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The document supports Section 3005(j) of the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) as
amended by the Hazardous and Solid Waste Act of
1984 (HSWA). Section 3005(j) requires that each sur-
face impoundment that was in existence on November
8, 1984, and that qualified to operate under interim
status shall not receive, store, or treat hazardous
waste after November 8, 1988, unless the impound-
ment is in compliance with the minimum technological
requirements or the owner/operator seeks and is
granted an exemption from retrofitting. The first sec-
tion of the document addresses administrative and
procedural matters relating to exemption applications.
Successive sections of the document discuss the type
of information that owners/operators should submit if
they are interested in obtaining one of the four exemp-
tions under Section 3005(j).
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Solid waste disposal,
Ground water, Government policies, Manuals, Oper-
ations, Storage, Requirements, Statutes, Waste treat-
ment, Activated sludge treatment, Ground water, Mon-
itoring, Water table, 'Impoundments, Retrofitting,
Land application.
PB88-212271/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Prohibition on the Placement of Bulk Liquid Haz-
ardous Waste In Landfills - Statutory Interpretive
Guidance. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
11 Jun 86,36p EPA/530/SW-86/016
Section 3004(c) (1) was added to the Resource Con-
servation and Recovery Act (RCRA) as amended by
the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984
(HSWA). The amendment prohibits the direct place-
ment of bulk liquid hazardous wastes in a landfill, re-
gardless of the presence of liners and leachate collec-
tion and removal systems. The use of materials that
function as sorbents are not to be used in the treat-
ment of bulk liquid hazardous wastes that are to be
placed in a landfill. The guidance discusses the legal
requirements of the amendment and presents techni-
cal guidance to assist the owner or operator in comply-
ing with the amendment.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste dispos-
al, 'Earth fills, Liquids, Statutes, Absorbers(Materials),
Sorbents, Mixing, Separation, Waste treatment,
Law(Jurisprudence), Requirements, Leachates,
Chemical compounds.
PB86-212289/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Hazardous Waste Tanks Risk Analysis. Draft rept.
ICF, Inc., Washington, DC.
Jun 86,324p* EPA/530/SW-86/011
Contract EPA-68-01-6621
Supersedes PB86-192937. Prepared in cooperation
with Pope-Reid Associates, Inc., St. Paul, MN. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The purpose of the analysis was to assess the human
health risks associated with: (1) the population of haz-
ardous waste tanks under the current regulatory ap-
proach; and (2) the population of hazardous waste
tanks under the various regulatory strategies consid-
ered in the analysis included interim status and permit-
ted hazardous waste tanks, 90-day accumulation
tanks, and small quantity generator interim status, per-
mitted or 180-day accumulation tanks. The regulatory
alternatives examined in the analysis included no revi-
sions, full secondary containment, partial secondary
containment and ground water monitoring, leak testing
and ground water monitoring, and corrosion protec-
tion. Analysis of these regulatory alternatives allows
for direct comparisons between risks presented by
hazardous waste tanks under alternative regulatory
scenarios.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste dispos-
al, Regulations, Risk, Public health, Tank(Containers),
Safety, 'Risk analysis, Health risk, Toxic substances.
PB88-212404/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Development and Testing of a Surrogate Species
Chemical Reaction Mechanism. Volume 1. Interim
rept. for Oct 84-Feb 86,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
W. P. L. Carter, F. W. Lurmann, R. Atkinson, and A. C.
Lloyd. Jun 86,349p EPA/600/3-86/0031 A
Contract EPA-68-02-4104
See also PB86-212412. Prepared in cooperation with
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., New-
bury Park, CA. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric
Sciences Research Lab.
A photochemical reaction mechanism has been updat-
ed and extensively evaluated. The testing and refine-
ment of the surrogate species mechanism was per-
formed in order to create an improved chemical mech-
anism for the atmospheric simulation models that are
used to develop ozone control strategies. The updated
mechanism was tested against 400 smog chamber ex-
periments carried out in four different chambers. Tests
were performed to assess the accuracy of the cham-
ber characterization procedures, of reactions for single
organic compounds, and of the overall mechanism for
complex organic mixtures, including mixtures obtained
from automobile exhaust. The results indicate that the
mechanism's predictions are generally consistent with
the experimental data. Volume 1 contains the introduc-
tion, the documentation of the chemical mechanism,
and a discussion of the chamber and light intensity
characterization.
Keywords: "Ozone, 'Atmospheric models, 'Photo-
chemical reactions, Chemical reactions, Atmospheric
composition, Air pollution, Organic compounds, Al-
kanes, Alkene compounds, Aromatic hydrocarbons,
'Chemical reaction kinetics, 'Atmospheric chemistry,
Smog chambers.
PB86-212412/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Development and Testing of a Surrogate Species
Chemical Reaction Mechanism. Volume 2. Interim
rept. for Oct 84-Feb 86,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
W. P. L. Carter, F. W. Lurmann, R. Atkinson, and A. C.
Lloyd. Jun 86,345p EPA/600/3-86/031 B
Contract EPA-68-02-4104
See also PB86-212404. Prepared in cooperation with
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., New-
bury Park, CA. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric
Sciences Research Lab.
A photochemical reaction mechanism has been updat-
ed and extensively evaluated. The testing and refine-
ment of the surrogate species mechanism was per-
formed in order to create an improved chemical mech-
anism for the atmospheric simulation models that are
used to develop ozone control strategies. The updated
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
mechanism was tested against 400 smog chamber ex-
periments carried out in four different chambers. Tests
were performed to assess the accuracy of the cham-
ber characterization procedures, of reactions for single
organic compounds, and of the overall mechanism for
complex organic mixtures, including mixtures obtained
from automobile exhaust. The results indicate that the
mechanism's predictions are generally consistent with
the experimental data. Volume II contains the results
of the model simulations of the environmental cham-
ber experiments and a summary and conclusion sec-
tion that includes a discussion of work to be carried out
in the future to adapt this mechanism for use in atmos-
pheric modeling.
Keywords: "Ozone, 'Atmospheric models, 'Photo-
chemical reactions, Chemical reactions, Atmospheric
composition, Air pollution, Organic compounds, Al-
kanes, Alkene compounds, Aromatic hydrocarbons,
'Atmospheric chemistry, 'Chemical reaction kinetics.
Smog chambers.
PB86-212479/HSU	PC A24/MF A01
Post-Closure Liability Trust Fund Simulation
Model: Volume 1. Model Overview and Results.
Volume 2. Graphs and Tables of Model Results.
Volume 3. Model Description. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
May 85, 551 p
See also PB86-210176.
These volumes are the appendices to EPA's Report to
Congress under Section 301(a)(2)(ii) of CERCLA. The
report assesses the need for and adequacy of the rev-
enue raised by the Post-Closure Liability Trust Fund
(PCLTF) in relation to its estimated future require-
ments. EPA used a computer simulation model to esti-
mate the range of potential revenues, expenditures
and annual balance of the PCLTF. Detailed descrip-
tions of the computer model and the simulation results
are contained in these three volumes of appendices.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, Revenue, Expenses,
Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data), Industrial wastes, Sani-
tary landfills, 'Post-closure liability trust fund.
PB86-212552/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Ground-
Water Research Programs.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Re-
search.
Apr 86, 47p EPA/600/8-86/004
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's ground-
water research programs are described. The programs
focus on protection of ground-water resources by
eliminating or controlling sources of contamination; un-
derstanding and predicting the movement and attenu-
ation of contaminants in the subsurface; monitoring for
contamination; restoring polluted aquifers; and ensur-
ing that research findings are conveyed to public offi-
cials, field managers, and the scientific community.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Water pollution control,
Sources, Mathematical models, Aquifers, Hazardous
materials, Earth fills, Path of pollutants.
PB86-212586/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Quantitative Characterization of Microbial Bio-
mass and Community Structure in Subsurface Ma-
terial: A Prokaryotic Consortium Responsive to
Organic Contamination. Journal article,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
G. A. Smith, J. S. Nickels, B. D. Kerger, J. D. Davis, and
S. P. Collins. C1986, 9p EPA/600/J-86/066
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Microbiology, v32 p104-11l
Feb 86. Prepared in cooperation with Florida State
Univ., Tallahassee. Dept. of Biological Science.
Application of quantitative methods for microbial bio-
mass, community structure, and nutritional status to
the subsurface samples collected with careful atten-
tion to contamination reveals a group of microbes. The
microbiota are sparse by several measures of biomass
compared to surface sediments and soils. The com-
munity structure as characterized by the patterns of
ester-linked fatty acids from the phospholipids shows
an absence of long chain polyenoic fatty acids typical if
microeukaryotes and with high proportions of fatty
acids typical of bacteria. Subsurface samples contain
a higher proportion of glycerol teichoic acids than sur-
face samples. Microbes in uncontaminated subsurface
sediments show nutritional stress as evidenced by
high levels of poly beta-hydroxybutyrate and extracel-
lular polysaccharides.
Keywords: "Biomass, "Water pollution, "Sediments,
"Microorganisms, Fatty acids, Bacteria, Polysacchar-
ides, Biosynthesis, Ground water, Stress(Physiology),
Reprints.
PB86-212610/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
PCB Destruction: A Novel Dehalogenation Rea-
gent Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
A. Kornel, and C. J. Rogers. 1985,17p EPA/600/J-85/
407
Pub. in Jnl. of Hazardous Materials 12, p161 -176 1985.
Alkali metal polyethylene glycolate complexes
(APEGs) are being investigated as reagents for the in-
situ decontamination of soils containing PCBs and
other haloorganics in the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency's Industrial Environmental Research Lab-
oratory, Cincinnati, Ohio. APEG reagents can be for-
mulated with either an alkali metal or hydroxide and
the corresponding polyglycol or polyglycol monoalkyl
ethers. The work examines the effect of APEG con-
centration and dilution in water and organic solvent on
the dehalogenation of Aroclors 1242 and 1260 with
potential application for the in-situ destruction of PCBs
in soils.
Keywords: 'Soils, 'Decontamination, Soil chemistry,
Polyethylene glycol, Chlorine organic compounds,
Contaminants, Hazardous materials, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls, 'Dehalogena-
tion.
PB86-212628/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Cytogenetic Characterization of the L5178Y
TK + /-3.7.2C Mouse Lymphoma Cell Line. Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
J. Sawyer, M. M. Moore, D. Clive, and J. Hozier. c1985,
12p EPA/600/J-85/408
Pub. in Mutation Research 147, p243-253 1985. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Florida Inst, of Tech., Mel-
bourne, and Burroughs Wellcome Co., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
The cytogenetic characterization of the L5178Y
TK + /-3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cell line was carried
out, utilizing G-banded metaphase chromosomes, to
provide a karyotypic basis for the precise delineation
of induced rearrangements in TK-/- mutants. Band-
pattern measurements were used to construct ideo-
grams which represent the position, number, size and
staining intensity of the chromosome bands. The
TK + /- 3.7.2C cell line has been shown to provide
quantitation of forward mutations induced at the auto-
somal thymidine kinase (TK) locus in the cell line.
Chromosome analysis of the TK + /-3.7.2C cell line
and derived TK-/- mutants has become important in
demonstrating that the TK + /- -> TK-/- assay may
detect and distinguish between chromosomal events
and smaller, perhaps point-mutation, events in mutant
colonies.
Keywords: Mice, Reprints, 'Cell lines, 'Cytogenetics,
'Mouse lymphoma cell lines.
PB86-212651/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Study of the Effects of Dry and Wet Deposition
on Galvanized Steel and Weathering Steel: A
Three Year Field Exposure,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. W. Spence, F. H. Haynie, D. C. Stiles, and E. O.
Edney. May 86,23p EPA/600/D-86/115
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
At an exposure site located at the Research Triangle
Park, NC, an automatic covering device was installed
to partition the effects of dry and wet deposition on the
corrosion of galvanized steel and weathering steel
samples. Weight loss was used as the measure of cor-
rosion of both metals. Meteorological parameters and
air quality were recorded continuously during the 36-
month exposure study and evaluated to eliminate
errors and to estimate missing data. Models were de-
rived to describe the corrosion of galvanized steel and
weathering steel. Rainfall was found to be a significant
factor for the corrosion of both metallic materials.
Keywords: 'Steels, 'Corrosion, Galvanized materials,
Weathering, Deposion, Environmental tests.
PB86-212669/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects on the Fetus of Maternal Nltrofen Expo-
sure In the Protein-Deprived Rat. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.	^
F. J. Zeman, E. R. Hoogenboom, C. Chase-Deesing,
R. J. Kavlock, and J. L. Semple. C1986,15p EPA/6UO/
J-86/073
Pub. in Toxicology 38, p55-68 1986. Prepared in coop-
eration with California Univ., Davis.
The separate and combined effects of protein depriva-
tion and nitrofen exposure were studied in the preg-
nant rat. Animals were fed diets containing 24, 8, 6 or
4% casein throughout gestation. Within each diet
group, sub-groups were gavage-fed with 12.5 (lower
dose) and 25 (higher dose) mg nitrofen/kg body
weight or with oil carrier only on days 7-21 of gestation.
Dams were weighed and food intake was measured
daily. On day 21 of gestation, cesarean-derived pups
were examined for congenital anomalies and dissect-
ed for determination of organ weights. Skeletons were
alizarin stained and examined for skeletal anomalies
and developmental stage. No effects on the skeleton
or gross congenital anomalies were seen. Fetal, size
and weights of liver, kidney, intestine, heart, lung and
brain were reduced with decreasing casein content of
the diet and as a result of the higher dose of nitrofen.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Exposure, Rats, Pregnancy
Diet, Laboratory animals, Reprints, "Protein depriva-
tion, "Nitrofen.
PB86-212677/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Design of a Limited-Access Facility and Safety
Program for a Genetic Toxicology Laboratory.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.	*
J. Inmon, T. Vaughan, and J. Morris. 1985,6p EPA/
600/J-85/411
Pub. in American Industrial Hygiene Association Jnl
46, n6 P303-307 Jun 85.
A new limited access facility located in the Environ-
mental Research Center was conceived as a result of
the need for laboratories for testing hazardous materi-
als found in the environment. The Genetic Toxicology
Division (GTD) research personnel had the expertise
and proven test procedures for the type of work, how-
ever the proper facility was not available. To accom-
plish the design of the facility, the GTD used its own
experience and expertise for design ideas. Design
considerations include room air flow and filtration,
hood types, sink design and placement, design of
countertops, type of flooring and wall sealent, and traf-
fic flow within the laboratories. These laboratories re-
quired the diversity to handle weighing of stock haz-
ardous materials, preparation and handling of aliquots
maintenance of dosed animals as well as sterile cond*!
tions required for tissue culture and continuous cell
culture methods. All these operations had to be per-
formed in a safe work environment for laboratory Der-
sonnel.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Hazardous materials, Lab-
oratories, Safety, Reprints, "Genotoxicology.
PB86-212685/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Modal Aerosol Dynamics Model,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Particle Technology
E. R. Whitby. May 86,7p EPA/600/D-86/117
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
The Modal Aerosol Dynamics (MAD) model is a com-
putationally efficient model for solving the General Dy-
namics Equation of Aerosols (GDE) (Friedlander
1977). The simplifying assumption in the model is that
aerosol size distributions can be approximated by
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
overlapping modes, each represented by a continuous
analytical distribution function. The development of the
model for atmospheric aerosols makes use of log-
normal distribution functions (LNOFs), because they
reasonably represent experimental data (Whitby,
1978). The paper describes the solution of the coagu-
lation and gas-to-particle conversion (without nuclea-
tion) terms of the GDE using the MAD model.
Keywords: "Aerosols, Dynamics, 'Coagulation, "Gas
to particle conversion.
PB86-213162/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy Analysis.
Oxidants and Asthmatics In Los Angeles: A Bene-
fits Analysis-Executive Summary. Final rept.,
Energy and Resource Consultants, Inc., Boulder, CO.
R. D. Howe, and L. G. Chestnut. Mar 86, 30p EPA/
230/09-86/018
Contract EPA-68-01 -7047
See also PB86-213170. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Policy
Analysis, and California State Air Resources Board,
Sacramento.
The report examines changes in behavior, expendi-
tures, and willingness to pay (WTP) as related to
asthma severity and air pollution. Summarizes results
of both phases of research. Phase I examined informa-
tion for a panel of 82 asthmatics, representing a popu-
lation expected to be sensitive to ambient oxidant
levels. The study focuses on measuring mitigating be-
havior and its effect upon epidemiology and economic
studies, and on the importance in morbidity valuation
studies of using a WTP benefit measure rather than a
cost of illness (CO)) measure based only on work loss
and medical expenditures. The Phase I initial results
are reported in EPA-230-07-85-010 (PB85-228997)
Oxidants and Asthmatics in Los Angeles: A Benefits
Analysis. Additional analysis (and some minor correc-
tions) are reported in EPA.
Keywords: "Asthma, "Benefit cost analysis, "Oxi-
dizers, Epidemiology, Behavior, Morbidity, California,
Respiratory diseases, Los Angeles(California), Air pol-
lution effects(Human).
PB86-213170/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy Analysis.
Oxidants and Asthmatics In Los Angeles: A Bene-
fits Analysis-Addendum. Final rept..
Energy and Resource Consultants, Inc., Boulder, CO.
R. D. Howe, and L. G. Chestnut. Mar 86,63p EPA/
230/09-86/017
Contract EPA-68-01-7047
See also PB85-228997 and PB86-213162. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy Analysis, and California State Air Re-
sources Board, Sacramento.
The report examines changes in behavior, expendi-
tures and willingness to pay a9 related to asthma se-
verity and air pollution. The Addendum reports on addi-
tional statistical analyses, corrections, and other work
completed after the initial report was printed. The new
findings are consistent with the preliminary ones, and
show now willingness to pay is related to cost of illness
values of morbidity.
Keywords: "Asthma, "Benefit cost analysis, "Oxi-
dizers, Epidemiology, Behavior, Morbidity, California,
Respiratory diseases, Los Angeles(California), Air pol-
lution effects(Humans).
PB86-213204/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Non-Neopiastic Lesions: Use of Data from Pre- or
Non-Neoplastic Lesions That May Indicate Poten-
tial for Carcinogenesis,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. A. Stober. May 86,25p EPA/600/D-86/114
The Toxicology and Microbiology Division of the US
EPA, Health Effects Research Laboratory has initiated
a research program to develop a matrix of short-term
tests to distinguish carcinogens from non-carcinogens
among genotoxic substances and to develop methods
for predicting relative carcinogenic potency based on
the results of short-term in vivo bioassays. The paper
includes a basic description of the project and outlines
the proposed statistical methods for evaluating the
Carcinogenesis Testing Matrix (CTM). Successful de-
velopment, testing and implementation of the test
matrix system is very dependent on statistical design,
analysis and prediction procedures. Since this is an ex-
tension of the usual application of a single screen to
predict a qualitative effect, considerable statistical de-
velopment and testing is needed. Three short-term in
vivo bioassays have been proposed for the CTM, the
Senear mouse skin bioassay, the mouse lung adenoma
bioassay and the liver foci bioassay. Appropriate sta-
tistical methods in terms of statistical power and ro-
bustness for analyzing the data from each assay are
being developed and evaluated.
Keywords: "Bioassay, "Toxicology, Validity, Mice, Lab-
oratory animals, Pathology, "Carcinogenesis, Toxic
substances.
PB86-213212/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Mechanisms of Carcinogenicity and Anticarcino-
geniclty: Role of Dietary Components,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. S. Sandhu, and M. D. Waters. May 86,6p EPA/600/
D-86/110
The role of nutrition in the etiology of human disease,
including cancer, has been recognized for a very long
time. This knowledge and, perhaps, personal prefer-
ence are reflected by the choice and balance of edi-
bles included in the daily diet. Considerable progress
has been made in identifying the cellular targets in-
volved in interaction between cells and initiating car-
cinogens and promoters. It has been evident since the
work of Miller and Miller (1969) that modification of cel-
lular DNA (leading to mutagenesis) is an important
event in initiating carcinogenesis. There are, of course,
exceptions to the correlation between mutagenicity
and carcinogenicity. Some chemicals show strong mu-
tagenicity when tested in in vitro test systems, but they
do not induce cancer in animals. Several chapters of
the volume are devoted to the understanding of the
mechanisms of carcinogenicity and anticarcTnogeni-
city, as well as the role of diet or hormones in the in-
duction or inhibition of carcinogenesis.
Keywords: "Nutrition, "Diets, Reprints, "Carcinogene-
sis.
PBS6-213220/ HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Microwave Radiation on the Blood-
Brain Barrier,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
T. R. Ward, J. S. Ali, and M. D. Long. May 86,11pEPA/
600/D-86/113
The authors attempted to repeat a portion of the study
by Oscar and Hawkins in which pulsed and continuous
wave microwave radiation increased permeation of la-
beled tracers through the blood-brain barrier. At the
SAR used (0.1 W/kg) the calculated average brain
temperature rise is less than 0.1C. The authors found
no changes in permeation, however, there were differ-
ences in experimental conditions, including type of
tracers, frequency and microwave field configuration.
It is possible but unlikely that one of these differences
is responsible for the apparent discrepancy in results.
Keywords: "Microwaves, "Radiation effects, "Central
nervous systems.
PBS6-213238/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Derivation of Damage Functions for Atmospheric
Degradation of Materials,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
F. H. Haynie, and F. W. Lipfert. May 86,21 p EPA/600/
D-86/118
The information in the pape is directed to those who
develop and use damage functions which relate at-
mospheric degradation of materials to various causal
agents in the atmosphere. Such relationships must be
quantified mathematically as part of the overall cost-
benefit considerations associated with possible pollu-
tion control strategies. Damage functions may be de-
rived from theoretical considerations, from controlled
experiments in environmental simulation chambers,
from essentially uncontrolled field experiments, or
from semicontrolled field experiments. The paper dis-
cusses optimum ways of combining these methods to
improve the credibility and applicability of materials
damage functions for use in assessments, with refer-
ence to some of the research performed for the Na-
tional Acid Precipitation Assessment Program.
Keywords: "Materials, "Air pollution, Degradation, At-
mospheres, Damage, Environment simulation.
PB86-213246/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Study Using a Three-Dlmenslonal Smog Forma-
tion Model under Conditions of Complex Flow,
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
S. Wakamatsu, K. L. Schere, J. H. Shreffler, and I. Uno.
May 86,12p EPA/600/D-86/116
Grant EPA-R-812483
Prepared in cooperation with National Inst, for Environ-
mental Studies, Tsukuba (Japan). Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
To clarify the photochemical smog formation mecha-
nisms under conditions of complex flow, the SAI Urban
Airshed Model was evaluated using a 1981 field ob-
served data base. In the Tokyo Metropolitan Area
higher 03 concentrations are usually observed near
the shore in the morning. As the sea breeze layer pen-
etrates inland, this high concentration region travels
with it, increasing in concentration with time. A night-
time radiation Inversion which persists into the early
morning prevents the dispersion of primary pollutants
emitted from the big coastal industrial zones and the
Tokyo Metropolitan Area. The effect is believed to ac-
celerate the formation of secondary pollutants during
the next day. The quantitative role and weight of the
previous day's secondary pollutants, newly emitted
pollutants, temporal variation of mixing height and
three-dimensional wind field for the 03 formation
mechanisms were investigated. The three-dimensional
simulated results showed good quantitative agreement
with the observed field data but underestimated the
aircraft data.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Atmospheric models,
"Smog, Atmospheric chemistry, Pollutants, Ozone,
Japan, Metropolitan areas, Atmospheric diffusion,
Tokyo(Japan), Three dimensional.
PB86-213394/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Branch, Ann Arbor, Ml. In-
spection and Maintenance Branch.
I/M (Inspection/Maintenance) New Technology
Vehicle Testing Support Contract. Final rept.
EG and G Automotive Research, Inc., Alexandria, VA.
Virginia Testing Lab.
Oct 85,26p EPA/460/3-86/003
Contract EPA-68-03-32222
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Branch, Ann
Arbor, Ml. Inspection and Maintenance Branch.
The purpose of the report was to determine the causes
of high in-use emissions for 1981 and newer passen-
ger car vehicles. The Virginia Testing Laboratory (VTL)
of EG & G Automotive Research Inc. was to procure
100 1981 or newer vehicles (but no 1983 or 1984
model year Chrysler vehicles equipped with 2.2. liter
fuel injected engines and automatic transmissions).
The VTL subjected each vehicle to an initial idle
screening and inspection and based on the results, to
an Federal test procedure(FTP) and various short
cycle tests. The vehicle then received corrective main-
tenance, reinspection at a Maryland l/M station, and a
second sequence of tests. Of the 91 cars tested in the
program, 88 passed the Maryland standard of 1.2 per-
cent carbon monoxide (CO) and 220 ppm Hydrocar-
bon (HC) after the first series of repairs, two cars re-
quired a second set of repairs (i.e., new catalysts) to
pass, and time ran out before the one remaining car
could be repaired to pass.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Exhaust emissions, Motor
vehicles, Inspection, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monox-
ide, Nitrogen oxides, Automobile exhaust, Exhaust
gases.
PB86*213444/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Projected Impacts of Alternative Sulfur Dioxide
New Source Performance Standards for industrial
Fossll-Fuel-Flred Boilers. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Mar 85,132p EPA-450/3-86/007
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Prepared in cooperation with Energy and Environmen-
tal Analysis, Inc., Arlington, VA.
The report presents projected environmental, cost,
and energy impacts of alternative sulfur dioxide air
emission standards for new industrial fossil-fuel-fired
steam generating units. These impacts are measured
in terms of the projected change under current versus
alternative air emission regulations. The analysis of en-
vironmental impacts focuses on changes in levels of
air emissions. Cost impacts are evaluated in terms of
incremental changes in the total annualized costs for
boiler and pollution control equipment capital, operat-
ing, and fuel costs.
Keywords: 'Boilers, 'Environmental impacts, "Air pol-
lution, Sulfur dioxide, Standards, Fossil fuels, Ex-
penses.
PB86-213S3S/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Limited Occupational Mortality Data and Statis-
tics,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Public
Health.
M. J. Symons, D. L. Doerfler, and Y. C. Yuan. C1985,
27p EPA/600/D-86/111
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in Biostatistics: Statistics in Biomedical Public
Health and Environmental Sciences, p195-218 1985.
From principles of survival analysis statistical ap-
proaches are identified for a major problem with occu-
pational mortality studies when few deaths, as with
cause specific mortality, and no exposure data on the
individuals are available. Specifically, this limitation is
the general inadequacy of a geographic population as
a comparison group for employed populations. Quali-
tative aspects of the so-called healthy worker effect
are briefly presented, while the essential features of
statistical strategies for part of this issue are sketched
in detail. Although the occupation epidemiology litera-
ture focuses on selection bias as the source of the
problems with the standardized mortality ratio, the po-
tential inadequacy of the proportional hazards model
for occupational mortality evaluations is emphasized
here.
Keywords: 'Mortality, "Personnel, Epidemiology, Haz-
ards, Statistical data, "Occupational surveys.
PB86-213600/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Toxicology of Trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene in the
Mouse. Journal article,
East Carolina Univ., Greenville, NC.
D. W. Barnes, V. M. Sanders, K. L. White, G. M. Shopp,
and A. E. Munson. C1985,22p EPA/600/J-85/417
Grant EPA-R-806481
Pub. in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, v8(5) p373-392
Oct 85. Prepared in cooperation with Medical Coll. of
Virginia, Richmond. Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxi-
cology. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (DCE) was administered to
male and female CD-1 mice in order to evaluate its ef-
fects on standard toxicological parameters. Following
an acute LD50 determination (2122 mg/kg in males
and 2391 mg/kg in females) and a 14-day range-find-
ing study, a 90-day drinking water study was performed
using levels of DCE calculated to deliver approximately
1/100, 1/10, and 1/5 the LD50. Various toxicological
assessments were made, including body and organ
weights, hematology, serum chemistries, and hepatic
microsomal activities. Few alterations were observed
in either sex following 90 days of exposure. The most
noteworthy changes occurred in the males exposed to
the highest level of DCE, where there was a significant
decrease in glutathione levels, and in the females ex-
posed to all three DCE levels, where there was a sig-
nificant decrease in aniline hydroxylase activity. These
data served as background for the immunotoxicologi-
cal evaluation presented in the following manuscript.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Hazardous materials, Mice,
Laboratory animals, Dosage, Reprints, "Ethylene/
dichloro.
PB86-213618/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Status of
Mice Exposed to TRANS-1,2-Dichloro ethylene.
Journal article,
Medical Coll. of Virginia, Richmond. Dept. of Pharma-
cology and Toxicology.
G. M. Shopp, V. M. Sanders, K. L. White, and A. E.
Munson. c1985,17p EPA/600/J-85/418
Grant EPA-R-806481
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The study assessed possible adverse immunological
effects of trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (DCE) on
random-bred CD-1 mice following 14 and 90 days of
exposure. A 14-day range-finding study was performed
on male mice by gavage at doses 1/10 and 1/100 the
LD50 (210 and 21 mg/kg). No alterations in either hu-
moral or cell-mediated immunity were observed follow-
ing the exposure. A 90-day study was conducted in
which DCE was administered in the drinking water of
male and female mice. The levels of DCE in the drink-
ing water were calculated to deliver levels equivalent
to, and higher than, those delivered for 14 days (17,
175, and 387 mg/kg for males and 23, 224, and 452
mg/kg for females). No changes were observed in the
cellmediated immune status of either sex or in the hu-
moral immune status of females.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Immunology, Bioassay, Mice,
Exposure, Dosage, Reprints, "Ethylene/dichloro.
PB86-213626/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Interaction of Ambient Temperature and Micro-
wave Power Density on Schedule-Controlled Be-
havior in the Rat. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. I. Gage, and W. M. Guyer. 1985,8p EPA/600/J-82/
463
Pub. in Radio Science, v17 n5S p179S-184S 1982.
Most guidelines of microwave exposure do not explicit-
ly address effects of ambient temperature. The experi-
ment revealed that ambient temperature potentiates
the behavioral effects of intensity of irradiation. Sixty-
four adult male Long-Evans rats were trained to insert
their heads into a food cup to obtain food pellets on a
1 -min variable-interval schedule of reinforcement. Two
groups of four rats each were then exposed to 2450-
MHz CW microwaves for 15.5 hours under one of the
following eight combinations of power density and air
temperature: 8 or 14 m/cm. sq. at 22 C; 0, 8, or 14
mW/cm. sq. at 26 C; and 0, 8, or 14 mW/cm. sq. at 30
C (relative humidity was 50% in all cases). Response
rate of each rat following exposure was compared with
its control rate at 0 mW/cm. sq. and 22 C. After expo-
sure at 8 mW/cm. sq., response rates were reduced by
a mean of 13.8% at 22 C, 27.5% at 26 C, and 77.5% at
30 C. After exposure at 14 mW/cm. sq., rates were re-
duced by a mean of 21.1 % at 22 C, 43.7% at 26 C, and
80.0% at 30 C. In the absence of microwaves the
higher temperatures caused only slight decreases in
response rate.
Keywords: "Radiation effects, "Microwaves, Rats,
Laboratory animals, Behavior, Temperature, Reprints.
PB66-213634/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Induction of Trisomies by Platinum Dlamlnodlnl-
trodlchioride. Journal article,
North Carolina Central Univ., Durham. Dept. of Biol-
ogy.
J. S. Dhesi, S. S. Sandhu, and M. D. Waters. C1983,4p
EPA/600/J-83/342
Grant EPA-R-803299
Pub. in Experientia 39, n1 p83-84, 15 Jan 83. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Trisomies were produced in the pollen mother cells of
Pennisetum americanum (L) K. Schum plants resulting
from seeds treated with M to the minus 6th power plati-
num diaminodinitrodichloride. On the basis of the pre-
liminary study the relative potency of els-Platinum dia-
minodinitrodichloride may be roughly equal to the well
known plant clastogen, MH.
Keywords: "Plants(Botany), Reprints, "Trisomies,
Pennisetum americanum, "Platinum diaminodinitro.
PB86-213691/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
Morphometry Aspects of Ciliary Distribution and
Cillogenesis In Human Nasal Epithelium. Journal
article,
North Carolina Univ., Chapel Hill.
J. L. Carson, A. M. Collier, M. R. Knowles, R. C.
Boucher, and J. G. Rose. c1981, 5p EPA/600/J-81 /
697
Contract EPA-68-02-3404
Pub. in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sci-
ences of the United States of America, v78 n11 p6996-
6999 Nov 81. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research triangle Park, NC.
Observations of freeze-fracture preparations of human
nasal epithelium have provided a unique perspective
of the spatial distribution of epithelial cell cilia unattain-
able by more conventional ultrastructural techniques.
The initial stages of ciliogenesis were characterized ul-
trastructurally in these preparations by differentiation
of the lumenal aspect of the epithelial cell membrane
prior to the emergence and maturation of new cilia.
Morphometry analyses of the resultant electron mi-
crographs indicate that the development of an optimal
ciliary population during differentiation of ciliated cells
may be integral to the adequate functioning of respira-
tory mucociliary mechanisms. The frequency with
which such ciliogenic structures are observed indi-
cates that ciliogenesis is a common feature of the
nasal epithelium and suggests that epithelial cell turn-
over in the nasal cavities is relatively rapid.
Keywords: "Epithelium, "Cilia, Distribution, Morphome-
try, Humans, "Nasal epithelium.
PB86-213709/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.	a
Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Statu* of
Mice Exposed to 1,1,2-Trichloroethane. Journal ar-
ticle,
Medical Coll. of Virginia, Richmond. Dept. of Pharma-
cology and Toxicology.
V. M. Sanders, K. L. White, G. M. Shopp, and A. E.
Munson. c1985,18p EPA/600/J-85/416
Grant EPA-R-806481
Pub. in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, v8 n5 p357-372
Oct 85. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
The purpose of the study was to assess the immunolo-
gical effects of 1,1,2-tricnloroethane (TCE) on random-
bred CD-1 mice following 14 and 90 days of oral expo-
sure. A toxicological evaluation conducted at the same
time revealed the target organs to be the liver of both
sexes and the erythroid elements of the females. The
14-day immunological range-finding study in males ex-
posed to doses 1/10 and 1/100 the LD50 (38 and 3.8
mg/kg) revealed no alterations in either humoral or
cell-mediated immune status. Following 90 days of ex-
posure in the drinking water (4.4., 46, and 305 mg/kg
for males and 3.9, 44, and 384 mg/kg for females), a
more detailed series of immunological parameters was
assessed. Cell-mediated immunity was unaltered in
both sexes, while humoral immune status was de-
pressed in both sexes, particularly when determined
by hemagglutination titers. Macrophage function was
depressed only in the males as indicated by the ability
of thioglycolate-recruited peritoneal exudate cells
(PEC) to phagocytize sheep erythrocytes (sRBC).
(Copyright (c) 1985 by Marcel Dekker, Inc.).
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Immunity, Bioassay, Mice,
Laboratory animals, Lethal dosage, Reprints!
'Ethane/trichloro.
PB86-213717/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
Age-Related Ozone Effects on Glucose Utilization
In Rat Lungs. Journal article,
California Univ., Los Angeles.
E. M. Postlethwait, M. G. Mustafa, and N. M. Elsayed
C1984,8p EPA/600/J-84/374
Grant EPA-R-806652
Pub. in Age, v7 p101-106 Oct 84. Sponsored by Health
Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The authors examined the relationship between
animal age and pulmonary biochemical effects of 03
exposure using young to adult rats ranging in age from
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
24 to 90 days. Glucose uptake and production of pyru-
vate and lactate, determined in lung tissue slices, were
used as indices of 03-produced metabolic alterations,
In control rats, the lung weights increased with animal
age until they stabilized between 60 and 90 days of
age. The rate of glucose metabolism, expressed per
lung, increased with animal age paralleling the in-
crease in lung weights. After exposure to 0.0 ppm
(1568 ug/m3)03 for 3 days, the lung weights and all
three parameters of glucose metabolism increased in
exposed rats relative to their age-matched controls.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Glucose, "Toxicology, Age, Lung,
Exposure, Reprints.
PB86-213725/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Synchronization of Rapid Olobln Expression In
Murine Erythroleukemic Cells. Journal article,
Papanicolaou Cancer Research Inst., Miami, FL.
R. M. Zucker. C1985, 7pEPA/600/J-85/412
Pub. in Research Communications in Chemical Pathol-
ogy and Pharmacology, v47 n2 Feb 85. Sponsored by
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
The addition of butyric acid (BA) to murine erythroleu-
kemia cells (MELC) produces the expression of pri-
marily A and E2 hemoglobins while DMSO incubation
produces the expression of primarily A hemoglobin.
Preincubation of MELC with DMSO followed by BA in-
duction accelerates the expression of hemoglobins in
a synchronous manner, yielding the preferential syn-
thesis of alpha and y globins, and E2 hemoglobin.
Keywords: "Blood, Hemoglobin, Reprints, "Butyric
acid, "Murine erythroleukemia cells, DMSO.
PBM-213733/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Metabolism and Activation Pathways ot the Envi-
ronmental Mutagen 3-Nitrofluoranthene,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
L. M. Ball, M. J. Kohan, K. Williams, M. G. Nishioka,
and A. Gold. May 86,17p EPA/600/D-86/109
GrantEPA-R-811817
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Prepared in cooperation
with Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
Nitro-substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are
widespread environmental contaminants that are mu-
tagenic and potentially carcinogenic. 3-Nitrofluoranth-
ene (3-NFA) has been found in diesel and ambient air
particulate extracts; although less abundant than its
isomer 1-nltropyrene (1-NP), its content in these ex-
tracts correlates well with their direct-acting mutagenic
potency in the Ames assay. 3-NFA is more mutagenic
towards Salmonella TA98 than 1-NP both without (2
500 His+rev/nmol vs. 350 rev/nmol) and with exoge-
nous metabolic activation (250 vs 60 rev/nmol). 3-
Amino-fluoranthene was less active than 3-NFA both
with and without S9 (100 and 40 rev/nmol respective-
ly); 3-acetamidofluoranthene was even less active with
S9 (60 rev/nmol), and quite inactive without S9. In
contrast, 1-acetamidopyrene (400 rev/nmol +S9) was
more active than the parent 1-NP. The activity of 3-
NFA was substantially reduced in the nitroreductase-
deficient strains of TA98 (TA98NR and TA98/1.8-
DNP6), indicating that the 'classical' nitroreductase
arid the transacetylase enzymes are involved in activa-
tion of 3-NFA.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Bacteria, Bioassay, Nitrogen
organic compounds, Fluoranthene/nitro, "Mutagene-
sis, Salmonella.
PBS6-213741/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Molt-relatsd Susceptibility and Regenerative Limb
Growth as Sensitive Indicators of Aquatic Pollut-
ant Toxicity to Crustaceans,
University of West Florida, Pensacola. Dept. of Biol-
{
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
merits, State agencies, Federal agencies, Local plan-
ning.
PB86-214855/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Toxicology of 1,1,2-Trlchloroethane in the Mouse.
Journal article,
Medical Coll. of Virginia, Richmond. Dept. of Pharma-
cology and Toxicology.
K. L. White, V. M. Sanders, D. W. Barnes, G. M. Shopp,
and A. E. Munson. C1985,25p EPA/600/J-85/415
Grant EPA-R-806481
Pub. in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, v8 n5 p333-355
Oct 85. Prepared in cooperation with East Carolina
Univ., Greenville, NC. Sponsored by Health Effects
Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
1,1,2-Trichloroethane (TCE) was administered to male
and female CD-1 mice to evaluate its effect on stand-
ard toxicological parameters. Following determination
of the acute LD50 (378 mg/kg in males and 491 mg/
kg in females), and a 14-day range-finding study, a 90-
day drinking water study was performed in which the
doses consumed were 4.4, 46, and 305 mg/kg for
males and 3.9, 44, and 384 mg/kg for females. The
liver was a target of TCE toxicity in both sexes as dem-
onstrated by dose-dependent alterations in hepatic mi-
crosomal enzyme activities and serum enzyme levels.
The erythroid element of the female mice was also af-
fected, as indicated by significantly decreased hema-
tocrit and hemoglobin levels.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Bioassay, Mice, Laboratory
animals, Lethal dosage, Liver, Reprints, "Ethane/trich-
loro.
PB86-214863/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Immunological Studies In Mice Following In utero
Exposure to NICI2. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.
R. J. Smialowicz, R. R. Rogers, M. M. Riddle, D. G.
Rowe, and R. W. Luebke. 1986,14p EPA/600/J-86/
072
Pub. in Toxicology 38, n3 p293-303 Mar 86.
The effect that NiCI2 has on the development of
immune function in mice was examined in the offspring
of dams implanted with mini-osmotic pumps during
pregnancy. Time bred C57BL/6J mice were implanted
subcutaneously on day 5 of gestation with mini pumps
which delivered a total dose of from 9.1 to 73.2 micro-
grams/g NiCI2. The pumps delivered NiCI2 to the
dams through day 19 of gestation. At 8-10 weeks of
age the offspring of NiCI2-dosed dams were evaluated
for immune function. No consistent significant alter-
ations were observed between control and treated off-
spring for the following: lymphoid organ or body
weights; the lymphoproliferative response to B or T
lymphocyte mitogens; the lymphoproliferative re-
sponse to allogeneic spleen cells in the mixed lympho-
cyte reaction; the development of syngeneic tumors;
or the primary antibody response to sheep red blood
cells. Natural killer (NK) cell activity was reduced in off-
spring exposed to NiCI2 in utero; however, the biologi-
cal relevance of these reductions is questionable be-
cause of the failure to demonstrate an increased sus-
ceptibility to the B16-F10 syngeneic tumor. The results
indicate that under the conditions and doses employed
it appears that NiCI2 does not adversely affect the de-
veloping immune system of the mouse.
Keywords: "Nickel chloride, "Immunity, "Toxicology,
Bioassay, Pregnancy, Mice, Laboratory animals,
Dosage, Reprints.
PB86-214871/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Cerebellar Hypoplasia in the Gunn Rat is Associ-
ated with Quantitative Changes In Neurotypic and
Gllotypic Proteins. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park NC.
J P b'Callaghan , and D. B. Miller. C1985,14p EPA/
600/J-85/410
Pub in Jnl. of Pharmacology and Experimental Thera-
peutics, v234 n2 P522-533 Aug 85. Prepared in coop-
eration with Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
The authors are characterizing toxicant-induced injury
to the nervous system by measuring nervous system
cell-type specific proteins together with accompanying
changes in morphology and behavior. In the present
study, cerebellar neurotoxicity was assessed in the
Gunn rat an autosomal recessive mutant that exhibits
degeneration of Purkinje cells due to hereditary hyper-
bilirubinemia. Five proteins associated with neuronal
or glial cell types were chosen for evaluation as fol-
lows: (1) G-substrate, a Purkinje cell-specific phospho-
protein that serves as the endogenous substrate of
cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase; (2) PCPP-260, a
Purkinje cell-specific phosphoprotein that serves as an
endogenous substrate of cyclic AMP-dependent pro-
tein kinase; (3) synapsin I, a synapse-specific phos-
phoprotein present in all neurons; (4) glial fibrillary
acidic protein, an astrocyte-specific protein; and (5)
myelin basic protein, a protein unique to myelin.
Keywords: "Proteins, Bioassay, Rats, Laboratory ani-
mals, Morphology, Behavior, Reprints, Neurotoxicity,
"Cerebellar hypoplasia.
PB86-215043/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Restriction on the Placement of Nonhazardous
Liquids in Hazardous Waste Landfills: Statutory
Interpretative Guidance. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Apr 86, 97p EPA/530/SW-86/013
Section 3004(c)(3) of HSWA restricts the placement of
nonhazardous liquids in hazardous waste (Subtitle C)
landfills. Owners and operators of landfills regulated
under Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act are not subject to the prohibition when
the following situations occur: (1) the nonhazardous
liquids are absorbed and the material passes the Paint
Filter Liquids Test prior to placement in the hazardous
waste landfill, or (2) the nonhazardous liquids are used
in the hazardous waste landfill to meet other regulatory
or safety requirements. The guidance provides infor-
mation about those situations that are not subject to
the prohibition, and describes information that should
be submitted to EPA by the owner/operator as part of
the demonstration under 83004(c)(3) to qualify for an
exemption from the prohibition. In addition, the guid-
ance describes procedures for processing exemption
requests, and the appendices provide reference mate-
rial for assisting owners/operators in selecting alterna-
tive treatment methods, and in making other relevant
determinations.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Earth fills, "Waste
disposal, Regulations, Land disposal, Water pollution,
Groundwater.
PB86-215241/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Effects of Radiation on Aquatic Organisms and
Radiobiological Methodologies for Effects As-
sessment,
Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA.
S. L. Anderson, and F. L. Harrison. Feb 86,140p
UCRL-53708, EPA/520/1-85/016
Sponsored by Office of Radiation Programs, Washing-
ton, DC.
The literature is reviewed and summarized with regard
to effects to aquatic organisms from acute and chronic
exposure to ionizing radiation, with selected endpoints
being mortality, pathophysiology, reproduction, devel-
opment and genetic effects. Methodologies for the
study of radiobiological effects are discussed, and rec-
ommendations for future research are provided.
Keywords: "Aquatic organisms, "Radiation effects,
"Ionizing radiation, Waste disposal, Oceans, Radioac-
tive wastes, Water pollution, Biological effects, Litera-
ture surveys.
PB86-215258/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Interim Indoor Radon and Radon Decay Product
Measurement Protocols, M. /Ronca-Battista ;P. /
Magno ;S. /Windham;E. /Sensintaffar
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Apr 86,65p EPA/520/1-86/04
The report provides EPA's procedures for measuring
radon concentrations in houses with continuous radon
monitors, charcoal canisters, alpha-track detectors,
and grab radon techniques. It also provides proce-
dures for measuring radon decay product concentra-
tions with a continuous working level monitor, a radon
progeny integrating sampling unit (RPISU), and grab
radon decay product methods. Specifications for the
location of the measurement, the house conditions
during the measurement, and minimum requirements
for quality control are included in each procedure.
Keywords: "Radioactive contaminants, "Radon, Build-
ings, Standardization, Sampling, Alpha particle detec-
tors, "Indoor air pollution, "Protocols, Radiation moni-
toring.
PB86-215563/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN,
N-Octanol/Water Partition Coefficients by Re-
verse Phase Liquid Chromatography/Masa Spec-
trometry for Eight Tetrachlorlnated Planar Mole-
cules. Journal article,
Wisconsin Univ.-Superior. Center for Lake Superior
Environmental Studies.
L. P. Burkhard, and D. W. Kuehl. C1986, 7p EPA/600/
J-86/103
Pub. in Chemosphere, v15 n2 p163-167 Feb 86. Spon-
sored by Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
In understanding and modeling the toxicological and
pharmacokinetic properties of organic chemicals,
physical-chemical properties such as aqueous solubili-
ties, vapor pressures, and n-octanol/water partition
coefficients are required. Currently, the octanol/water
partition coefficients (K sub ow's) are limited for chlor-
inated planar molecules, e.g., dibenzo-p-dioxins, di-
benzofurans, biphenylenes, and carbazoles. In the
paper, log K sub ow's determined using a reverse
phase liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
technique are reported for eight tetrachlorinated
planar molecules. In addition, the authors report a re-
evaluation of log K sub ow's for fifteen polychlorinated
dibenzofurans and dibenzo-p-dioxins previously re-
ported by Sarna et al. The reevaluation was performed
by using experimental rather than estimated log K sub
ow's in the correlative relationship.
Keywords: Solubility, Chemical analysis. Mass spec-
troscopy, Carbazales, Chlorine organic compounds,
Reprints, "Partition coefficients, Liquid chromatogra-
phy, Dibenzofurans, Dibenzodioxins, Biphenylenes.
PB86-215571/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazardous Waste to Energy,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
R. A. Olexsey, H. M. Freeman, and R. E. Mournighan.
Jul 86,12p EPA/600/D-86/129
Of the 260 million metric tonnes (MMT) of hazardous
waste generated in the United States in 1981, only
1.70 MMT was disposed of through incineration. In ad-
dition, 3.85 MMT of industrial wastes that could be
considered hazardous were burned as fuels in industri-
al processes. The paper discusses several processes
that can be used to convert hazardous waste to
energy, namely: combustion of waste in boilers; dis-
posal in industrial boilers; and burning of wastes in lime
kilns. Process descriptions will be presented. Projec-
tions on energy recovery that could be realized will be
described. Applicable test data will be displayed.
Keywords: "United States, "Hazardous materials, "In-
dustrial wastes. Incinerators, Processing, Boilers,
Kilns, Energy recovery.
PB86-215589/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Technical Resource Documents and Technical
Handbooks for Hazardous Wastes Management,
Environmental Protection Agency. Cincinnati, OH
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
N. B. Schomaker, andT. M. Bliss. Jul 86,12p EPA/
600/D-86/130
The Environmental Protection Agency is preparing a
series of Technical Resource Documents (TRD's) and
Technical Handbooks to provide best engineering
control technology to meet the needs of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and the Com-
prehensive Environmental Response Compensation
and Liability Act (CERCLA) respectively. These docu-
ments and handbooks are basically compilation of re-
search efforts of the Land Pollution Control Division
(LPCD) to date. The specific areas of research being
conducted under the RCRA land disposal program
relate to laboratory, pilot and field validation studies in
cover systems, waste leaching and solidification, linar
systems and disposal facility evaluation. The technical
handbooks provide the EPA Program Offices and Re-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
gions, as well as the states and other interested par-
ties, with the latest information relevant to remedial ac-
tions.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Water pollution,
Handbooks, Waste disposal, Leaching, Solids, Stor-
age, Water treatment, Mathematical models, Super-
fund program, Remedies.
PB86-215S97/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Cost and Performance Model for Evaluating Field
Scale Granular Activated Carbon Systems,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research Div.
R. M. Clark, J. Q. Adams, and B. A. Lykins. Jul 86,22p
EPA/600/D-86-132
Much has been written concerning the prediction of
granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption perform-
ance. Various types of models have been suggested to
simulate the performance of GAC for single and bi-
solute systems. EPA's drinking Water Research Divi-
sion (DWRD) has approached the problem of charac-
terizing performance by initiating a series of field stud-
ies. This model is merged with a series of cost equa-
tions to optimize the removal of TOC. Data from pilot
columns is used to predict full scale performance and
to find minimum cost solutions for field scale design.
One of the most significant findings was that pilot col-
umns predict the performance of full scale systems
very well.
Keywords: 'Cost analysis, 'Activated carbon treat-
ment, Mathematical models, Field tests, Removal,
Pilot plants, Performance evaluation, Drinking water,
Total organic carbon.
PB86-21S886/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Regional
Oxidant Model: ROM1 Evaluation for 3-4 August
1979,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
K. L. Schere. Jun 86,130p EPA/600/3-86/032
The first generation U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency Regional Oxidant Model (ROM1) has been
tested and evaluated for 03 predictions on a two-day
test case episode in the northeast U.S. during 3-4
August 1979. The period was characterized by rela-
tively high 03 concentrations in the southern Great
Lakes area where clear skies persisted. The highest
observed hour-average 03 level monitored at a sur-
face site during the period was 1S9 ppb. The R0M1 in-
corporates some simplifying assumptions and algo-
rithms as compared to the second generation version,
R0M2, which is in preliminary testing stages now and
will eventually become the production version of the
model. Evaluation results for the test episode showed
that the ROM1 had approximately a 6% average un-
derprediction of 03 when all hours and surface moni-
toring sites were considered.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Mathematical models,
'Ozone, Physical properties, Chemical properties, Tro-
posphere, Performance, *EPA regional oxidant model,
"Northwest Regional Oxidant Study, Air quality, At-
mospheric chemistry, Northeast Region(United
States).
PB86-216140/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Illinois Annual Air Quality Report, 198S.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Air Pollution Control.
Apr 86,136p IEPA/APC/86-013
See also PB86-110780.
The document summarizes ambient air quality meas-
urements obtained in Illinois during the calendar year
of 1985. The report discusses air quality data obtained
for each site; provides statistical summaries, details air
quality violations and provides trend data where avail-
able. Background information is included concerning
sources of air pollutants, health effects, air quality
standards and ambient monitoring methodologies.
Keywords: 'Illinois, Air pollution, Sources, Sites,
Standards, Sampling, Tables(Data), Lead(Metal),
Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Ozone, Sulfur di-
oxide, Trends, Industrial wastes, Public health, Parti-
cles, 'Air quality, 'Air pollution sampling, Environmen-
tal health.
PB86-216181/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.
Effects of Passive Smoking on Health of Children.
Journal article,
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
B. G. Ferris, J. H. Ware, C. S. Berkey, D. W. Dockery,
and A. Spiro. C1985,9p E PA/600/J-85/433
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v62 n1
p289-295 Oct 85. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Analysis of data on the effects of passive smoking ob-
tained in preadolescent children from the Harvard Six-
Cities Study demonstrates an exposure-response rela-
tionship between the number of smokers in the house-
hold and the reporting rates for doctor-diagnosed res-
piratory illness before age 2, history of bronchitis,
wheeze most days and nights apart from colds, and a
composite of symptoms defined as the lower respira-
tory index. Similarly, when only the amount currently
smoked by the mother was used, the data indicated a
relatively uniform increase in each of the reported dis-
eases and symptoms. FEV1 was lower in children with
smoking mothers compared to children of nonsmoking
mothers. Rate of increases in FEV1 after adjusting for
normal growth was significantly smaller in children of
smoking mothers and was related also to amount
smoked. Notably the effect on level of FVC was not
seen and the finding, consistent in several studies, re-
mains unexplained. Although children of smoking
mothers were shorter on the average than children of
nonsmoking mothers, no on-going passive smoking
effect on height growth can be ascertained. All these
differences are small and their medical significance re-
mains to be defined.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, "Children, "Smoking, Growth,
Height, Reprints, "Cigarette smoking.
PB86-216199/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Test Battery for Screening Behavioral Teratogens
In Mice. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. J. Kallman, and L. W. Condie. c1985,8p EPA/600/
J-85/420
Pub. in Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology, v7
n6 p727-731 Nov/Dec 85. Prepared in cooperation
with Mississippi Univ., University.
The assessment battery was developed for identifying
teratogens in mice (CD-1, outbred strain) since many
non-behavioral toxicologists prefer working with the
mouse and because the mouse is less costly to house
and feed. The approach emphasizes the importance of
adult toxicity data in the selection of exposure levels
for teratologic studies and for interpreting behavioral
teratogen effects. Potential teratogen exposure is both
prenatal and postnatal with the goal of identifying the
need for more costly and time consuming, cross-fos-
tering and critical period designs. The test battery in-
cludes the assessment of multiple behavioral capabili-
ties, including physical landmarks, reflex development,
motor capability and passive avoidance learning. The
authors have found the behavioral capabilities of the
mouse to be similar to those of the rat in variability and
range of response. The methdology has emphasized
drinking water exposure to chemicals since we were
involved in the evaluation of drinking water contami-
nants but the battery should be amenable to any route
of exposure.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, "Screening, Behavior, Mice,
Laboratory, Reprints, ^Teratogens.
PB86-216207/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Passive Smoking and Height Growth of Preado-
lescent Children. Journal article,
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
C. S. Berkey, J. H. Ware, F. E. Speizer, and B. G.
Ferris. C1984,7p EPA/600/J-84/380
Pub. in International Jnl. of Epidemiology, n4 p454-458
Oct 84. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
The attained height and height growth of 9273 children
participating in a longitudinal study of the health ef-
fects of air pollutants were analyzed to assess the as-
sociation between passive exposure to cigarette
smoke and physical growth between 6 and 11 years of
age. Children were measured annually for 2 to 6 years.
Each height measurement was adjusted for sex and
age by the NCHS anthropometric standards. Each
child's adjusted heights were then re-expressed as
level of attained height and growth rate. Attained
height exhibited a dose response relationship with
amount of current maternal cigarette smoking
(p< 0.001). Children whose mothers smoked ten or
more cigarettes daily were approximately 0.65 cm
shorter than children of non-smokers, while children
whose mothers smoked between 1 and 9 cigarettes
per day were 0.45 cm shorter. However, passive smok-
ing was not correlated with the child's grown rate.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Children, 'Smoking, Growth,
Height, Reprints, "Cigarette smoking.
PB86-216215/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Multivariate Assessment of Meteorological Influ-
ences on Inhalable Particle Source Impacts. Jour-
nal article,
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Dept. of
Environmental Health Sciences.
G. D. Thurston, and J. D. Spengler. C1985,14p EPA/
600/J-85/434
Pub. in Jnl. of Climate and Applied Meteorology, v24
n11 Nov 85. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The paper identifies the sources of fine and coarse in-
halable particles at a site in metropolitan Boston and
investigates their respective relationships to meteoro-
logical conditions. In the work, Principal Component
Analysis (PCA) is applied to: (1) particle mass elemen-
tal data; (2) coarse particle mass elemental data, and
(3) meteorological measurements (primarily collected
at nearby Logan International Airport). In addition to
local surface observations, air mass trajectory informa-
tion concerning each sampling day is included in the
meteorological data set, allowing the consideration of
air mass transport as one factor in particle impacts. As
part of these PCA analyses, four different objective
component selection criteria are examined and com-
pared. The screen test of eigenvalues is found to result
in the most interpretable components for the specific
air pollution and meteorological data sets considered
in the work.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Particles, Meteorological
data, Atmospheric composition, Sources, Aerosols, Air
sampling, Wind(Meteorology), Reprints, "Atmospheric
dispersion, "Particulate sampling, "Inhalation, 'Gaus-
sian plume models, Metropolitan areas. Principle com-
ponents analysis, Boston(Massachusetts).
PB8B-216439/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Thermal Processes for Hazardous Waste: The
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Research
Program,	.	,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
I. J. LiciS. Jul 86,22p EPA/600/D-86/131
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been
conducting an extensive research program to study
the practice of destroying hazardous waste in high
temperature industrial processes. These studies have
encompassed processes such as hazardous waste in-
cineration, and processes cofiring hazardous waste
such as industrial boilers, kilns, furnaces, and asphalt
plants. The results of the research program to date
have shown that, in general, properly operated, high
temperature processes can attain EPA standards for
destruction and removal of organics contained in the
tested hazardous waste greater than 99.99%. Effec-
tive control (99% removal) of hydrogen chloride (HCI)
emissions was also attained in the facilities burning
chlorinated organic waste. The promulgation of these
regulations is expected to put increased emphasis on
high temperature destruction methods, although the
rate of these changes will be highly susceptible to
many market factors, public acceptance and the spe-
cific regulations themselves.
Keywords: "Temperature, "Hazardous materials, "In-
cineration, Industrial plants, Boilers, Kilns, Furnaces,
Standards, Hydrogen chloride, Flue gases,
Concentration(Composition), Regulations, "Land ap-
plication.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-216470/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
United States Procedures for Sampling and Anal-
sis of Hazardous Waste,
ystems, Science and Software, San Diego, CA.
E. Burns. Jul 86,113p EPA/600/D-86/128
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Hazardous waste may be stored, treated and disposed
in a variety of ways. Treatment technology exists today
for detoxification or destruction of wastes in an envi-
ronmentally acceptable manner through physical,
chemical and biological means. The paper identifies
hazardous compounds, sampling and analytical meth-
ods for measuring these compounds, and procedures
that can be used to assure the quality of data obtained.
The report should be useful to those who are faced
with assessing the extent of hazardous compounds or
determining the efficiency of control approaches.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Environmental sur-
veys, Sampling, Chemical analysis, Aerosols, Pollu-
tion, 'Waste management, Quality assurance, Quality
control, Solid wastes, Liquid wastes, Procedures.
PB86-216488/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Performance Assessment of Incinerators and
High Temperature Industrial Processes Disposing
Hazardous Waste In the United States.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
E. T. Oppelt. Jul 86, 25p EPA/600/D-86/133
Since 1982, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) has been conducting performance assessments
of hazardous waste thermal destruction facilities in the
United States. The principal objective of these tests
has been to characterize emissions and determine if
these facilities are capable of meeting the waste de-
struction and control requirements of the current EPA
regulations and standards. To date the test program
has involved performance assessments at nine incin-
erators and over twenty high temperature industrial
processes employing hazardous waste as a fuel sup-
plement in their operations, The testing has typically
involved stack emissions assessment for SOx, NOx,
particulate, HC1, CO, C02,02, metals, total hydrocar-
bon, and quantification of specific organic compound
emissions.
Keywords: 'Incinerators, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, 'Air pollution control, Fuels, Require-
ments, Standards, Industries, Flue gases. Hydrochloric
acid, Carbon monoxide. Carbon dioxide, Oxygen,
Metals, Hydrocarbons, Tests, Chlorine.
PB86-216512/HSU	PC A24/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Underground Motor Fuel Storage Tanks: A Na-
tional Survey. Vol. 1. Technical Report. Vol. 2. Ap-
pendices. Final rept. Feb 84-May 86,
Westat, Inc., Rockville, MD. Research Div.
S. K. Dietz, J. D. Flora, J. F. Strenio, and C. J. Vincent.
May 86,566p EPA/560/5-86/013
Contracts EPA-68-02-4243, EPA-68-02-3938
See also PB86-216520. Prepared in cooperation with
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO., Battelle
Columbus Div., Washington, DC., and Washington
Consulting Group, Inc., DC. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of
Toxic Substances.
A nationally representative sample of 2,812 establish-
ments were interviewed to determine the presence of
underground motor fuel storage tanks, the sample
represented establishments in fuel-related industries
(1,612), large establishments in all other industries
(600), and farms (600). A total of 890 of these estab-
lishments were found to have a total of 2,445 under-
ground motor fuel storage tanks. A subsample of 218
establishments was selected for tank tightness testing,
using a modification of a commercially available test.
The method over-filled the tank system into a stand-
nipe and thus detected leakage anywhere in the
system of tank vessel, pipes, lines, joints, and fittings.
Keywords: 'Fuel tanks, 'Fuel storage, Storage tanks,
Tank linings, Leakage, Underground storage, Survey,
Automotive fuels.
628 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB86-216736/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Boiler Design Criteria for Dry Sorbent S02 Con-
trol with Low-NOx Burners. Final rept.,
Combustion Engineering, Inc., Windsor, CT.
J. P. Clark, A. Kokkinos, D. C. Borio, R. W. Koucky, and
C. Y. Sun. Jul 86, 262p EPA/600/7-86/023
Contract EPA-68-02-3915
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Acjency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report describes the development of boiler design
criteria for application of dry sorbent control technolo-
gy with low-NOx burners on tangentially fired pulver-
ized-coal-burning boilers. A comprehensive review of
past and current research in the area of sorbent SOx
control provided the basis for evaluating the implica-
tions of the technology on boiler design, cost effective-
ness, and operability. Historical and projected design
trends were analyzed for all tangentially fired pulver-
ized-coal utility boilers built by C-E since 1960, includ-
ing the effect of coal rank. A candidate host unit was
selected for consideration as a site for demonstration
of dry sorbent S02 control. Dry sorbent process de-
signs, including sorbent preparation/delivery equip-
ment and boiler modifications, were developed and
costed for new and retrofit (200, 400, and 600 MWe)
high-sulfur coal-fired units and new (200,400, and 600
MWe) low-sulfur coal-fired units.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Air pollution control equip-
ment, 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Air pollution control, Sor-
bents, Dry methods, Design, Boilers, Industrial plants,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Coal, Eco-
nomic analysis, Limestone, Low nitrogen oxides con-
centration firing systems, Coal fired power plants.
PB86-216744/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Forecasting Onslte Soil Absorption System Fail-
ure Rates,
Urban Systems Research and Engineering, Inc., Cam-
bridge, MA.
J. Hudson. Jul 86,65p EPA/600/2-86/060
Contract EPA-68-03-3057
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
A review was made of four previous statistical studies
of onsite soil absorption system failure rates in four dif-
ferent areas of the United States. From the data base
a series of forecasting techniques were developed
with varying levels of accuracy for use by facility plan-
ners in evaluating comparative costs of alternative
plans for pollution abatement in small communities.
The required input data and expected level of accura-
cy to be expected for each forecasting method is also
provided.
Keywords: 'Adsorption, 'Soils, 'Water pollution
abatement, Statistical analysis, Failure, United States,
Mathematical models, Model tests, Accuracy.
PB86-216751/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Oxygen-18 Study of S02 Oxidation in Rainwater
by Peroxides. Final rept.,
Argonne National Lab., IL.
B. D. Holt, and R. Kumar. Jul 86,43p EPA/600/3-86/
035
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
A new analytical method was developed for the deter-
mination of oxygen isotope ratios in peroxides in rain-
water. In the method, rainwater samples were quanti-
tatively degassed of dissolved air by a combined treat-
ment of evacuation, ultrasonic agitation, and helium
sparging (VUS), followed by a permanganate oxidation
of the dissolved peroxide to 02. The 02 was then
quantitatively removed from the rainwater by the VUS
treatment and converted to C02 for mass spectromet-
ry analysis. Using the method, 14 rainwater samples
collected at four sites were analyzed to determine the
fraction of the sulfate in the samples that was pro-
duced as a result of the aqueous-phase reaction of dis-
solved S02 with hydrogen peroxide.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Oxidation reduction reac-
tions, "Rain, "Hydrogen peroxide, 'Oxygen isotopes,
Concentration(Composition), Sulfates, Chemical anal-
ysis, Metals, Mass spectrometry, Ultrasonics, Oxygen
18, 'Acid precipitation.
PB86-216769/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Comparison of Pilot Data with Predictions from
the U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)
SPRAYMOD Computer Program. Final rept.,
Tennessee Univ., Knoxville. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
W. T. Davis, G. D. Reed, and G. P. Partridge. Jul 86,
61 p EPA/600/7-86/024
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report compares S02 removal predictions of the
EPA-developed SPRAYMOD computer program with
12 different data sets collected at the University of
Tennessee with a 1000 cfm (28.3 cu m/min) lime spray
dryer operating without recycling of the baghouse col-
lected solids. The experimental results were obtained
with spray dryer operating conditions of: S02 concen-
tration, 633-3178 ppm; inlet gas temperature, 123-171
C (254-339 F); and approach to saturation, 8-20 C (I4-
86 F). The predicted S02 removal efficiency depended
on S02 concentration and/or slurry concentration as
well as the user's choice of the model reaction rate co-
efficient (KR).
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Air pollution control equip-
ment, Mathematical models, Slurries, Flue gases, Pilot
plants, Calcium hydroxide, Sorbents, Reaction kinec-
tics, SPRAYMOD computer program, 'Spray drying,
Flue gas desulfurization, Baghouses, US EPA.
PB86-216785/HSU	PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Operation and Maintenance Manual for Electro-
static Precipitators. Final rept.,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
M. F. Szabo, R. D. Hawks, G. L. Sanders, and F. D.
Hall. C1985,488p EPA/625/1 -85/017
Contract EPA-68-02-3919
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lao.
The manual focuses on the operation and mainte-
nance (O/M) of typical electrostatic precipitators
(ESPs). It summarizes available information on theory
and design in sufficient detail to provide a basic back-
ground O/M portions of the manual. Although O/M-re-
lated air pollution problems cannot be completely
eliminated, they can be minimized by the conscien-
tious application of a well planned O/M program. The
causes of such problems often very widely, and their
effects on deteriorating performance may be direct. In-
direct, or synergistic. Process, particle, mechanical,
environmental, and gas-flow-dynamics factors dictate
that O/M programs and troubleshooting be ap-
proached from a total system or process/plantwide
viewpoint. The variable nature of these factors also re-
quires that O/M programs be individualized and specif-
ically tailored to the needs of the process and installa-
tion served. Effective O/M also affects equipment reli-
ability, on-line availability, continuing regulatory com-
pliance, and regulatory agency/source relations.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Electro-
static precipitators, 'Manuals, Design, Maintenance,
Operations, Air pollution, Reliability.
PB86-216793/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Applications of Decision Theory Techniques In Air
Pollution Modeling,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
R. G. Lamb, and S. K. Hati. Jul 86,74p EPA/800/3-88/
036
The study applies methods of operations research to
two basic areas of air pollution modeling: (1) the gen-
eration of wind fields for use in models of regional
scale transport, diffusion and chemistry; and (2) the
application of models in studies of optimal pollution
control strategies. The work is illustrated in the context
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
emissions control plans are sought for two new power
plants. The study addresses all aspects of the problem
starting with stochastic specification of the wind fields
in the region of interest, proceeding to the develop-
ment of simple models that relate pollutant emissions
to both short and long term averaged concentration,
and concluding with the incorporation of game theory
concepts into mathematical methods of finding opti-
mum solutions to multi-objective problems. Five objec-
tives are considered in the study: minimization of plant
operating cost, and minimization of given short period
maximum and long-period averaged concentrations of
each of two pollutants. The optimization procedure at-
tempts to fulfill these objectives jointly while maintain-
ing compliance with specified constraints on the over-
all system.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, "Electric power
plants, "Atmospheric models, "Decision theory, Math-
ematical models, Operating costs, Operations re-
search, Atmospheric motion, Site selection, Atmos-
pheric dispersion.
PB86-216942/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Field Manual for Grid Sampling of PCB (Polychlo-
rinated Biphanyl) Spill Sites to Verify Cleanup. In-
terim rept. no. 3 May 85-May 86,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
G. L. Kelso, M. D. Erickson, and D. C. Cox. May 86,57p
EPA/560/5-86/017
Contract EPA-68-02-3938
See also PB86-107315. Prepared in cooperation with
Washington Consulting Group, Inc., DC. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
The purpose of this manual is to provide detailed, step-
by-step guidance to EPA staff for using hexagonal grid
sampling at a PCB spill site. Guidance is given for pre-
paring the sample design; collecting, handling, and
preserving the samples taken; maintaining quality as-
surance and quality control; and documenting and re-
porting the sampling procedures used. An optional
strategy for compositing samples is given in the ap-
pendix. This is a companion document to the report
'Verification of PCB Spill Cleanup by Sampling and
Analysis' (EPA 560/5-85-026, August 1985, Second
Printing). This 'how-to' report concentrates on detailed
guidance for field sampling personnel and does not at-
tempt to provide background information on the tech-
niques presented. The types of field sampling situa-
tions discussed in this manual are those typically found
when a PCB spill results from a PCB article, PCB con-
talner, or PCB equipment spill. Unusual PCB spill situa-
tions, such as elongated spills on highways from a
moving vehicle, large spills in waterways, and large,
catastrophic spills, are not addressed.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, "Manuals, Sam-
pling, Chemical analysis, Chlorine organic compounds,
Performance, Quality assurance, Quality control,
'Chemical spills, "Polychlorinated biphenyls, 'Waste
treatment, Liquid wastes, Procedures.
PB86-216983/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Organochlorine Chemical Residues In Herring
dulls, Ring-billed Qulls, and Common Terns of
Western Lake Superior. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
G. J. Niemi, T. E. Davis, G. D. Veith, and B. Vieux.
C1986,10p EPA/600/J-86/102
Pub. in Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 15, p313-320
1986. Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Univ.
Duluth.
Residues of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDE,
DDT, and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were analyzed
for three age classes (e.g. pre-fledge muscle and
blood, and post-fledge muscle) of the herring gull, ring-
billed gull, and common tern for samples collected in
the western end of Lake Superior in 1977. Concentra-
tions of PCBs were highest and HCB concentrations
were lowest of the chemicals analyzed in all four
sample types and for all three species. Without excep-
tion, concentrations of all residues increased from the
prefledge to the post-fledge stage despite this being a
period of dilution. (Copyright (c) 1986 Springer-Verlag
New York Inc.)
Keywords: 'Residues, 'Birds. 'Chlorine organic com-
pounds, 'Water pollution, 'Lake Superior, Biphenyl,
Chlorine organic compounds, DDT, Aromatic com-
pounds, Concentration(Composition), Reprints, Poly-
chlorinated biphenyls, Biphenyl/chloro, DDE insecti-
cide, Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, Ethylene/
bis(Chlorophenyl)-dichloro, Gulls.
PB86-216991/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Aquatic Fate and Transport Modeling Techniques
for Predicting Environmental Exposure to Organic
Pesticides and Other Toxicants • A Comparative
Study,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
L. A. Mulkey, R. B. Ambrose, and T. 0. Barnwell. 1986,
38p EPA/600/D-86/122
Pub. in Urban Runoff Pollution, Series G, v10 p463-
4961986.
Exposure assessment enhanced by mathematical
modeling has become an accepted technique for eval-
uating the environmental risk associated with the re-
lease of toxic substances into various environmental
media. Mathematical models for analyzing the behav-
ior of toxic substances in river systems range from sim-
plified, plug-flow transport procedures to dynamic
water and sediment routing procedures incorporating
characterization of the physical, chemical, and biologi-
cal processes that collectively determine the toxicant
concentrations in time and space. Four levels of such
models can be identified: (1) steady-state, constant
flow: (2) plug flow, time-of-travel analytical solution; (3)
quasi-dynamic routing incorporating simple sediment
interaction with the bed; and (4) dynamic routing incor-
porating dynamic, process-oriented sediment interac-
tion with the bed. In levels 1, 3, and 4, chemical ex-
change with the bed is handled as a linear dispersive
intercnange. In each of the four levels, sorption, volatil-
ity, hydrolysis, photolysis, oxidation, and bacterial deg-
radation of organic toxicants are included. These four
levels of models were compared by predicting pesti-
cide fate and transport within the Yazoo River system
using candidates from each level.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Water pollution, 'Rivers,
Mathematical models, Risk, Environmental impacts,
Steady state, Sediments, Interactions, Sorption, Oxi-
dation, Hydrolysis, Path of pollutants.
PB86-217007/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Abiotic Reduction Reactions of Anthropogenic
Organic Chemicals In Anaerobic Systems: A Criti-
cal Review. Journal article,
Colorado School of Mines, Golden. Dept. of Chemistry
and Geochemistry.
D. L. Macalady, P. G. Tratnyek, and T. J. Grundl.
C1986,30p EPA/600/ J-86/092
Grant EPA-811250
Pub. in Jnl. of Contaminant Hydrology, n1 p1-28 Feb
86. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.,
Athens, GA.
The review is predicated upon the need for a detailed
process-level understanding of factors influencing the
reduction of anthropogenic organic chemicals in natu-
ral waters. In particular, abiotic reductions of anthropo-
genic organic chemicals are reviewed. The most im-
portant reductive reaction is alkyl dehalogenation (re-
placement of chloride with hydrogen) which occurs in
organisms, sediment, sewage sludge, and reduced
iron porphyrin model systems. An abiotic mechanism
involving a free radical intermediate has been pro-
posed. The abstraction of vicinal dihalides (also
termed dehalogenation) is another reduction that may
have an abiotic component in natural systems. Reduc-
tive dehalogenation of aryl halides has recently been
reported and further study of the reaction is needed.
(Copyright (c) 1986 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.)
Keywords:	'Organic	compounds,
'Reduction(Chemistry), 'Anaerobic conditions,
'Water pollution control, Sludge, Environmental im-
Es, Humans, Sewage, Amines, Nitro compounds,
adation, Halides, Reprints, 'Foreign technology,
ropogenic, Dehalogenation, Aryl halides.
PB86-217015/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Extraction and Determination of Selected Polycy-
clic Aromatic Hydrocarbons In Plant Tissues. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
J. T. Coates, A. W. Eizerman, and A. W. Garrison.
C1986,7p EPA/600/ J-86/091
Pub. in Jnl. of Association of Official Analytical Chem-
ists, v69, n1 p110-114 Jan-Feb 86. Prepared in coop-
eration with Clemson Univ., SC.
A procedure has been developed for analysis of plant
material for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
Sonication is used to extract the PAHs from homog-
enized plant material into acetonitrile and then the
PAHs are partitioned into pentane. The pentane ex-
tract is fractionated on a micro silicic acid column and
is analyzed by capillary gas chromatography with
flame ionization detection. Overall method recoveries
for 16 PAHs spiked into hybrid grain sorghum ranged
from 45 to 90 percent, with relative standard devi-
ations ranging from 3 to 38 percent and averaging 17
percent. The method can be used to measure PAHs in
hybrid grain sorghum, fescue grass, and similar plants
at the 25 microgram/kg level. The procedure was ap-
plied to a preliminary study of PAH uptake by sorghum
and fescue irrigated with secondary treated municipal
wastewater spiked with 5 PAHs. Accumulation of fluo-
ranthene and pyrene by fescue and hybrid grain sor-
ghum from the PAH-contaminated irrigation water was
apparent.
Keywords: "Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, 'Plant
tissues, Extraction, Acetonitrile, Pentane, Gas chroma-
tography. Chromatographic analysis, Recovery, Ioni-
zation, Grasses, Irrigation, Sewage treatment, Ir-
enes, Florinl organic compounds, Reprints, Florenes,
Anthenes.
PB86-217023/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Biotransformation Rates of the Butoxyethyl Ester
of 2,4-D by Bottom and Surface Aufwuchs. Journal
article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
H. P. Kollig. 1985,11p EPA/600/J-85/432
Pub. in Chemosphere 14, n11/12 p1779-1787 Dec 85.
An experiment was conducted to investigate the varia-
bility in biotransformation rate coefficients of a xeno-
biotic, the butoxyethyl ester of 2,4-D, in natural waters
between aufwuchs grown on Teflon strips located on
the bottom and at the water surface of a pond and a
river. The colonized strips and the natural waters were
transported to the laboratory where the biotransforma-
tion studies were done under controlled conditions.
Statistical analyses applied to the first-order rate coef-
ficients showed a significant difference between
bottom and surface aufwuchs for the river only. For
both pond and river, a significant difference was
shown when the aufwuchs was suspended, however.
The aufwuchs mat thickness was significantly different
between bottom and surface for the pond but not for
the river and the biomass as ashfree dry weight was
significantly different for both water bodies. The varia-
bility of biomass and first-order rate coefficients was
higher with the bottom colonized aufwuchs than with
the surface colonized aufwuchs.
Keywords: 'Biodeterioration, Water pollution, Microor-
ganisms, Chlorine aromatic compounds, Reaction ki-
netics, Rivers, Ponds, Reprints, * Butoxyethanol ester,
*D 2-4 herbicide, Acetic acid/dichlorophenoxy, Xeno-
biotics, Aufwuchs.
PB86-217031/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Two Short-Term Toxicity Tests for the Calanold
Copepod 'Eurytemora herdmani' Using a Complex
Effluent. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
M. Marcy. 1986,9p EPA/600/J-86/093
Contract EPA-68-03-3236
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination Toxi-
cology 15, p199-205 1986.
Test designs and methodologies for two short-term
static renewal tests, a 96-hr lethality test and a 5-day
reproductive test, are described and statistically evalu-
ated. The tests were developed specifically for use in
the assessment of the toxicity of mixed effluents to co-
pepods. Two tests using the calanoid copepod, Eury-
temora herdmani, and one effluent yielded compara-
ble results. The results indicate that mortality is a fairly
sensitive measure of toxicant effect and is more easily
quantified than the reproductive endpoint. The test de-
signs allowed for the detection of a 7.8-22% difference
in adult mortality between the control and any effluent
treatment with a power of approximately 0.98 a 70%
difference between the control and any other treat-
ment was necessary to detect a difference in the
chosen reproductive endpoint at a power of 0.98.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Bioassay, "Water pollution,
Effluents, Lethal dosage, Reproduction(Biology), Re-
prints, Copepods.
PB86-217049/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Design Model for the Overland Flow Process.
Journal article.
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
J. L. Witherow, and B. E. Bledsoe. 1986,8p EPA/600/
J-86/094
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
v58 n5 p381 -386 May 86.
A design model in the 'Process Design Manual, Land
Treatment of Municipal Wastewater' was verified as to
removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and
further developed to include removal of total suspend-
ed solids, ammonia, and total organic carbon by this
field investigation. The model and the collected data
show secondary treatment criteria for BOD, and sus-
pended solids can be met with overland flow slopes of
15 meters in length when raw wastewater is applied
and in less than 15 meters when primary wastewater is
applied during warm weather conditions.
Keywords: "Land use, "Water flow, "Sewage treat-
ment, "Municipalities, Irrigation, Food processing,
Design, Mathematical models, Slope, Biochemical
oxygen demand, Reprints, Land application, Overland
flow.
PB86-217056/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Evolving Concepts of Subsurface Contaminant
Transport. Journal article,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
J. F. Keely, M. D. Piwoni, and J. T. Wilson. 1986,11 p
EPA/600/J-86/101
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
v58 n5 P349-357 May 86.
Currently, a large gap exists between theoretical ad-
vances in the understanding of how various natural
processes affect subsurface contaminant transport,
and our ability to translate those advances into practi-
cal applications. The lack of truly representative and
reliable field tests for important parameters that are
used to characterize these natural processes is a
major stumbling block, as is the reluctance to use
state-of-the-art tools and information in conventional
site investigations. Incorporation of state-of-the-art
techniques in site characterization efforts should be
encouraged, however, as total costs of investigating
and remediating a site would be lowered due to the im-
proved remedial action designs that would result.
Keywords: "Subsurface investigations, "Water pollu-
tion, Drainage, Sites, Sediment transport. Chemical
analysis, Concepts, Hydrodynamics, Diffusion, Oxida-
tion reduction reactions, Microorganisms, Advection,
Dispersion, Cost effectiveness, Reprints, Path of pol-
lutants.
PB86-217064/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Harvard's Indoor Air Pollution/Health Study,
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
J. D. Spengler, M. P. Reed, E. Leberet, B. H. Chang,
and J. H. Ware. Jun 86,21p EPA/600/D-86/121
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
An indoor air pollution/acute respiratory health study is
being conducted by researchers at the Harvard Uni-
versity School of Public Health. Upper and lower respi-
ratory symptoms of 300 children living in Watertown,
Massachusetts, have been recorded on a daily diary
by a parent. Every two weeks the parent is called for
the illness/wellness history. At the end of the month
the calendar is returned by mail. Families participated
in the survey from the time of induction (after Septem-
ber 1, 1984) to August 31, 1985. Coincident with the
symptom survey, indoor air pollution measurements
are made in each home and in the elementary schools
of the participating student.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Homes, "School
buildings, Exposure, Inspection, Children, Particles, Ni-
trogen dioxide, Respiratory system, Lung, Signs and
symptoms, Air pollution, "Indoor air pollution, Toxic
630 Vol. 90, No. 24
substances, Harvard Air Pollution Health Study,
Watertown(Massachusetts).
PB86-217122/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Workshop on Model Evaluation Protocols: Chair-
man's Report. Final rept.,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
W. T. Pennell. Jul 86,27p EPA/600/9-86/018
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
The report summarizes the results of an EPA-spon-
sored workshop that was held to discuss procedures
and protocols for evaluating regional-scale acid depo-
sition models. The workshop was the first of three that
are planned to assist the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, the Ontario Ministry of Environment, the
Atmospheric Environment Service of Canada, and the
Electric Power Research Institute in designing a model
evaluation program. The workshop was asked to con-
sider four major topics: (1) procedures to be used in
evaluating the performance of acid deposition models
and methodologies for applying these procedures; (2)
data requirements of these procedures and method-
ologies; (3) the probable impact of time and budget
constraints on the evaluation process; and (4) possible
conflicts between client needs and the probable
output of the evaluation program.
Keywords: "Acidification, * Air pollution, "Meetings,
Water pollution, Sulfoxides, Nitrogen oxides, Hydro-
gen, Oxidants, Mathematical models, Evaluation, Con-
straints, "Acid precipitation.
PB86-217130/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Removal of Organic Contaminants from Ground-
water: Status of EPA (Environmental Protection
Agency) Drinking Water Research Program.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
F. T. Mayo, C. A. Frank, and R. M. Clark. Jul 86,22p
EPA/ 600/D-86/134
Groundwater is a natural resource of enormous value.
Three-quarters of U.S. cities get their water supplies
totally or in part from groundwater and more than half
of all Americans rely on it for drinking water. Ninety
percent of rural households have no source other than
groundwater for drinking water supplies. A number of
recent studies have documented the actual or poten-
tial contamination of our nation's groundwater on a
wide scale. The purpose of the paper is to discuss the
status of DWRD's research activities and to provide a
state-of-the-art summary on the removal of organic
contaminants from groundwater.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Ground water,
"Water supply, Removal, Surveys, Pesticides, Fertiliz-
ers, Insecticides, Fungicides, Nematocides, Drinking
water.
PB86-217148/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Proceedings: Annual Acid Deposition Emission In-
ventory Symposium (2nd), November 1985,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. B. Homolya, and P. A. Cruse. Apr 86,278p* EPA/
600/9-86/010
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
See also PB85-200004. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
These proceedings document a 2-day symposium,
held to discuss progress made by the National Acid
Precipitation Program (NAPAP) and other organiza-
tions in developing emission inventories. The symposi-
um was sponsored by EPA's Air and Energy Engineer-
ing Research Laboratory, in cooperation with EPA's
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, the U.S.
Department of Energy, the National Oceanic and At-
mospheric Administration, and NAPAP. The meeting
was intended primarily for government, academic, and
private sector individuals involved in developing or
using emission inventories for acid deposition related
activities. Topics addressed included historical emis-
sions estimates, the 1980 and 1985 emission invento-
ries, Eulerian modeling analyses, and uncertainties in
emission inventories. The proceedings provide valua-
ble documentation of results of efforts to date to devel-
op emission factors and emission inventories for an-
thropogenic and natural sources.
Keywords: "Meetings, "Air pollution, "Mathematical
models, Transport properties, Sources, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Exhaust emissions,
"National acid precipitation assessment, 'Emission in-
ventories, "Air quality, "Acid rain.
PB86-217155/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Radiofrequency Radiation: Activities and Issues,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
J. A. Elder. Jul 86,12p EPA/600/D-86/135
See also PB85-120848.
The question of human safety relative to exposure to
RF radiation obviously predates the first ANSI guide-
line established in 1966, but no enforceable Federal
standards or guidelines exist for RF radiation expo-
sure; the ANSI guideline which was revised in 1982 is
voluntary or advisory. EPA has been pursuing the goal
of promulgating guidance to control exposure of the
public to RF radiation. In support of the regulatory ac-
tivity, a report entitled 'Biological Effects of Radiofre-
quency Radiation' was published in September 1984.
The conclusion of the report was that biological effects
occurred at a dose rate of about 1 W/kg, and that
these effects may be significant under certain environ-
mental conditions. Examples of adverse biological ef-
fects that occur in laboratory animals at dose rates of
2-6 W/kg are death and temporary male sterility.
These effects as well as the behavioral changes that
are the basis for the ANSI guideline can be attributed
to heat stress in animals caused by absorption of RF
energy. Some experimental results occur at very low
exposure conditions that cause no significant thermal
input; these responses are called non-thermal effects.
The mechanisms of interaction of non-thermal effects
and their physiological significance are a subject of sci-
entific debate. RF radiation research budget reduc-
tions, which reflect changes in funding priorities, will
leave unresolved many of the questions concerning
the biological effects of RF radiation and their possible
health implications.
Keywords; "Radiation effects, "Electromagnetic ef-
fects, Radio frequencies, Data bases, Public health,
Dosimetry, Body temperature, Exposure, Thermorequ-
lation, Physiological effects.
PB86-217163/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Addendum to the User's Guide for MPTER,
Aerocomp, Inc., Costa Mesa, CA.
T. Chico, and J. Catalano. Jul 86,85p EPA/600/8-86/
021
Contract EPA-68-02-4106
See also PB80-197361. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Sciences Research Lab.
The addendum applies to the 'User's Guide for
MPTER -- A Multiple Point Gaussain Dispersion Algo-
rithm with Optional Terrain Adjustment' of Pierce and
Turner, 1980. While the cited document describes the
features of the MPTER model, its technical basis, and
applications, this addendum deals exclusively with al-
gorithm modifications to accommodate new knowl-
edge and technique as well as address recommenda-
tions of the 'Guideline on Air Quality Models.' The
Guideline lists MPTER as a preferred model for calcu-
lating concentrations due to point sources at averag-
ing times from one hour to one year in rural or urban
area where the terrain is flat or gently rolling and pollut-
ant transport distances are less than 50 kilometers.
The original version of the model offered options for
stack-tip downwash, gradual plume rise, and buoyan-
cy-induced dispersion. Added to this release
(UNAMAP Version 6) are options that allow selection
of either rural or urban dispersion parameters and
wind-profile exponents. To address model over-predic-
tion when wind speeds are low, an algorithm for the
treatment of calms has been added. Also new in this
release is a default option to set parameters for regula-
tory applications as suggested by the Guideline. These
are: final plume rise, rather than gradual rise, is used
and buoyancy-induced dispersion and momentum
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Mathematical models, "At-
mospheric diffusion, Guidelines, Algorithms,
Concentration(Composition), Terrain, Computer pro-
grams, Fortran, "Air quality, Gaussian plume models,
MPTER computer program.
PB86-217213/HSU	PC A14/MF AOt
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
AESF/EPA (American Electroplaters and Surface
Finishers/Environmental Protection Agency) Con-
ference on Pollution Control for the Metal Finish-
ing Industry (7th) on January 27-29, 1986. Final
rept. Jan-May 86.
American Electroplaters and Surface Finishers Socie-
ty, Orlando, FL.
1986, 302p EPA/600/9-86/019
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the
American Electroplaters and Surface Finishers Society
have, for several years, co-sponsored a Conference
series on 'Pollution Control for the Metal Finishing In-
dustry'. The Seventh of these was held in January,
1986 and the report contains the proceedings of that
Conference, which dealt with regulatory status up-
dates and presentation of multi-media research data
on pollution control technologies for the metal finishing
industries.
Keywords: "Metal finishing, "Meetings, "Industrial
wastes, Electroplating, "Pollution control.
PB86-217262/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Indoor Air Pollution and Pulmonary Function
Growth in Preadolescent Children. Journal article,
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
C. S. Berkey, J. H. Ware, D. W. Dockery, B. G. Ferris,
and F. E. Speizer. c1986,14p EPA/600/J-86/104
Pub. in American Jnl. of Epidemilogy, v123 n2 p250-
260 Feb 86. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Results are reported from a study of the association
between exposure to sidestream cigarette smoke or
gas stove emissions and pulmonary function level and
growth rate of 7,834 children seen at 2-5 annual visits
between the ages of 6-10 years. Children whose moth-
ers smoked one pack of cigarettes per day had levels
of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) at
age eight that were 0.81% lower than children of non-
smoking mothers (p<0.0001), and FEV1 growth rates
approximately 0.17% per year lower (p=0.05). For a
child of age eight with an FEV1 of 1.62 liters, this corre-
sponds to a deficit in rate of change of FEV1 of ap-
proximately 3 ml/annum and a deficit of 13 ml at age
eight. Children whose mothers smoked one pack per
day had levels of forced vital capacity (FVC) at age
eight that were 0.33% higher than children of non-
smokers (p=0.12); however, their growth rates of FVC
were 0.17% per year lower (p=0.04). Because few
mothers changed their smoking habits during the
course of the study, it was not possible to determine
whether the difference in rate of growth was due to
current exposure or to an effect of prenatal and early
childhood exposure on the course of development.
Keywords: "Respiratory system, "Children, Growth,
Reprints, Indoor air pollution.
PB86-217270/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Subchronic Inhalation of Low Concen-
trations of Nitrogen Dioxide. 1. The Proximal Alve-
olar Region of Juvenile and Adult Rats. Journal ar-
ticle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. Y. Chang, J. A. Graham, F. J. Miller, J. J. Ospital, and
J. D. Crapo. C1986,18p EPA/600/J-86/095
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v83 n1
p48-61 Mar 86. Prepared in cooperation with Duke
Univ., Durham, NC. Dept. of Medicine, and Southern
California Edison Co., Rosemead.
Techniques were devised to isolate tissue from the ep-
ithelium of terminal airways and the alveoli proximal to
the airways. One day old juveniles and six week old
adult rats were exposed to either room air or 0.5 ppm
N02 for 23 hrs per day seven days per week. An addi-
tional group of adult rats were exposed to 2.0 ppm
N02 for the same duration. Two daily hour spikes to
three times the background levels (0.5 to 1.5 ppm and
2.0 to 6.0 ppm) were applied Mon. through Fri. Mor-
phometry analysis revealed that epithelial injury oc-
curred in all exposed animals. The juvenile rats which
had been exposed to 0.5 ppm N02 exhibited changes
in the characteristics of type II epithelial cells. These
cells spread to cover more alveolar surface and
became thinner. Adult animals exposed to 0.5 and 2.0
ppm N02 showed changes in alveolar macrophages
and in the alveolar interstitium in addition to changes in
the epithelium.
Keywords: "Nitrogen dioxide, "Toxicology, Pathology,
Bioassay, Laboratory animals, Exposure, Rats,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, "Air pollution
effects(Animals).
PB86-217460/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Dlethyldithlocarbamate Increases Distribution of
Cadmium to Brain but Prevents Cadmium-Induced
Neurotoxicity. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC,
J. P. O'Callaghan, and D. B. Miller. c1986,7p EPA/
600/J-86/097
Pub. in Brain Research, v370 n2 p354-358 Apr 86. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Dithiocarbamates exhibit potent metal-binding proper-
ties which have been exploited in a variety of applica-
tions, one of which is chelation therapy for heavy metal
toxicity. Such therapy, however, promotes the accu-
mulation of metals in the brain, a side effect which may
result in neurotoxicity. To examine this possibility the
authors used morphological and biochemical indices
to assess the effects of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC)
on cadmium-induced neurotoxicity in the newborn rat.
Co-administration of DDC prevented the neurotoxic ef-
fects of cadmium while causing a persistent increase
in the distribution of cadmium to brain.
Keywords: "Cadmium, "Brain, 'Toxicology, Distribu-
tion, Therapy, Reprints, "Dithiocarbamates, "Neuro-
toxicity, Heavy metals.
PB86-217478/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Automated Analysis of Glutathione Peroxidase, S-
Transferase, and Reductase Activity in Animal
Tissue. Journal article,
Northrop Sen/ices, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. H. Jaskot, E. G. Charlet, E. C. Grose, and M. A.
Grady. C1983,5p EPA/600/J-83/346
Contract EPA-68-02-2566
Pub. in Jnl. of Analytical Toxicology, v7 p86-88 Mar/
Apr 83. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
A centrifugal analyzer and a spectrophotometer were
compared for routine analysis of xenobiotic metaboliz-
ing enzymes glutathione (GSH) peroxidase, GSH-S-
transferase, and GSH reductase. Lung, liver, and
kidney from 60-day-old male rats were used as the
source of enzymes. Linear regression analysis was
used to assess the accuracy and precision of the cen-
trifugal analyzer method in measuring enzyme activi-
ties. Biologically and statistically, the centrifugal ana-
lyzer proved to be acceptable for routine measurement
of these GSH-dependent enzymes.
Keywords: Tissues(Biology), Laboratory animals, Re-
prints, Glutathione peroxidase, S-trans-ferase, Reduc-
tase, "Centrifugal analzer, "Spectrophotometer.
PB86-217635/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Field Sampler Training Course Manual.
Environmental Protection Agency. Seattle, WA.
Region X.
May 86,108pEPA/910/9-S6/141
The Region 10 Field Sampler Training Course is in-
tended to aquaint EPA samplers with the important
elements for successful field sampling. The informa-
tion provided in the Field Sampler Training Course is
part of a larger training program for EPA field inspec-
tors covering administrative, technical, legal and com-
munications aspects of field sampling, inspection and
compliance activities. The material is presented in the
logical sequence of a typical sampling exercise as
shown in the table of contents. The course Is intended
to present the proper procedures and to explain the
reasons for the procedures. The manual can be used
as a reference to remind one of the critical elements of
a field sampling project. It is not, however, intended to
be a comprehensive treatise on field sampling.
Keywords: "Samplers, "Field tests, Manuals, Person-
nel development, Quality assurance, Collecting meth-
ods, Chemical analysis, Data sampling, EPA region 10.
PB86-217874/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Inhalation of 0.12 and 0.25 Parts per
Million Ozone on the Proximal Alveolar Region of
Juvenile and Adult Rats. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
B. E. Barry, F. J. Miller, and J. D. Crapo. c1985,15p
EPA/600/J-85/430
Pub. in Laboratory Investigation, v53 n6 p692-703 Dec
85. Prepared in cooperation with Duke Univ., Durham,
NC.
One day old or 6 week old male rats were exposed to
either 0.25 ppm 03 12 hr/day or to continuous room
air for 6 weeks. An additional group of 6 week old rats
was exposed to 0.12 ppm of 03 for the same time
period. In the animals exposed to 0.25 ppm 03 from 1
day of age (juvenile animals), the number of type I
epithelial cells doubled, their mean surface area de-
creased 38%, and their mean thickness increased
24% The number of alveolar macrophages doubled.
Adult animals exposed to 0.25 and 0.12 ppm 03
showed similar patterns of changes in the epithelium
of the proximal alveolar region. Compared to the juve-
nile animals, the adult 0.25 ppm 03 exposed animals
showed more reaction in the interstitium with a dou-
bling of interstitial macrophages, suggesting a mild in-
flammatory stimulus in the interstitium. Animals ex-
posed to 0.12 ppm 03 showed smaller, but statistically
significant changes in the alveolar type I epithelium,
suggesting a relatively linear concentration response
relationship. These results suggest that low concentra-
tions of 03 cause a chronic epithelial injury in the
proximal alveolar region of both juvenile and adult rats
and that the extent of these changes occurs in a 
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
FORTRAN subroutine and a landuse map, has been
designed for use with Eulerian models but can also
produce maps and averages of deposition velocities
for other types of models. The module provides much
of the data required to compute deposition velocities: a
computerized landuse map, surface roughnesses
keyed to landuse type and season, and similarly keyed
surface resistances of pollutant uptake.
Keywords: "Sulfur dioxide, "Air pollution, "North Amer-
ica, Sulfates, Ozone, Nitrogen oxides, Nitrogen diox-
ide, Mathematical models, Deposition, Land use,
Height, Maps, Wind velocity, Sites, Fortran, Computer
programs, Subroutines, DEPTIST computer program.
PB86-218112/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Modeling of the Upper and Lower Respiratory
Systems,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A. L. Patra. Jun 86,31 p EPA/600/D-86/126
Contract EPA-68-02-4032
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Casting of silicone rubber replica casts of upper respi-
ratory airways including nose, larynx, trachea, and tra-
cheobronchial airways is described for the human and
for standard laboratory animals. Morphometry meas-
urements were made on nasopharyngeal and tracheo-
bronchial airway casts. Cross-sectional areas of naso-
pharyngeal airways were observed to be complex in
nature; each species exhibited different branching pat-
terns and numbers of lobes. Replica casts were used
to understand anatomical differences in nose and lung
due to parameters such as age, sex, airway branching
patterns, and morphometric dimensions. Effects of
growth on morphometric dimensions were shown to be
highly significant for use in extrapolating toxicological
results from one age group to another. Species and
strain differences in morphometric dimensions were
also observed. Use of replica casts for velocity distri-
bution pattern studies and for particle deposition effi-
ciencies studies were investigated.
Keywords: 'Respiration, 'Castes, Model(Simulation),
Humans, Laboratory animals, Silicone rubber, "Repli-
ca casts.
PB86-218120/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Conceptual Design and Chemical Data Needs for
Evaluation of Regional Acidic Deposition Models,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
R. L. Dennis, M. C. Dodge, and S. K. Seilkop. Jul 86,
19p EPA/600/D-86/138
Prepared in cooperation with Program Resources, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
The system behavior of regional models can not be
evaluated with existing data bases, such as SURE,
OSCAR, or the NTN/NADP, in part because they were
not designed with model evaluation in mind. Simulta-
neous measurements of air quality, precipitation chem-
istry, and dry deposition, which are necessary for a
fully rigorous integrated evaluation, are lacking in
present data bases. New, more comprehensive data
sets with coincident measurement of the major spe-
cies are needed. A discussion of data needs for the
collection of chemical data as part of the design of a
new field study to collect such data is presented. Since
a surface network will be the backbone of the data
base, the chemical data needs of the surface network
receives the most attention. First the species which
need to be measured are discussed, and then the spa-
tial and temporal data needs are discussed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Atmospheric models, Sulfur
dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Contaminants, 'Acid rain.
PB86-218161/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Public Opinion on Environmental Issues: Results
of a National Public Opinion Survey.
Council on Environmental Quality, Washington, DC.
1980,56p	„ _ .	.
Prepared in cooperation with Department of Agricul-
ture Washington, DC., Department of Energy, Wash-
ington, DC., and Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.
The study of U.S. public opinion on a variety of envi-
ronmental issues was commissioned by the Council on
632 Vol. 90, No. 24
Environmental Quality and components of three other
federal agencies. The purpose in commissioning the
poll was to learn about key public opinion trends over
the past decade, to obtain information about new
areas of environmental concern.
Keywords: 'Public opinion, "Environmental surveys,
'Pollution, Economic factors, Sites, Energy, Regula-
tions, Trade offs, Environmental quality.
PB86-218344/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Guideline on the Identification and Use of Air
Quality Data Affected by Exceptional Events.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Jul 86, 41p EPA/450/4-86/007
The guideline is intended to provide information to
State and local air pollution control agencies concern-
ing the flagging of air quality data affected by excep-
tional events. The guidance defines exceptional
events, establishes uniform criteria and procedures for
flagging air quality data, and provides a mechanism for
allowing consideration of excluding flagged data.
Keywords: Air pollution control, Government policies,
State government, Local government, "Air quality
data, Data retrieval.
PB86-218351/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
V.
Agricultural Land Preservation in Region 5.
WAPORA, Inc., Chevy Chase, MD.
Sep 84,72p
Contract EPA-68-01 -5989
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Chi-
cago, IL. Region V.
The report provides an overview of the factors affect-
ing agricultural land conversion for a Federal and State
regulatory audience. Programs and policies to main-
tain agricultural land are covered at the State and Fed-
eral levels, stressing EPA and the Region V States of
Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio and Wis-
consin. Comprehensive State program examples for
Oregon and Maryland are covered. A quantitative
methodology for evaluating the impacts of a proposed
action on agricultural land is proposed.
Keywords: "Land use, "Farms, "Agriculture, Govern-
ment policies, Project planning, State government, Na-
tional government, Economic impact, Ordinances,
Land use zoning. Legislation, Taxes, Protection.
PB86-218393/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Environmental Assessment of Regulatory Strate-
gies for Confined Animal Feeding Operations in
Idaho.
Jones and Stokes Associates, Inc., Bellevue, WA.
30 Sep 85,172p EPA/910/9-86/143
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seat-
tle, WA. Region X.
Over the past several months EPA, Region 10 has
been considering alternative means oT regulating
wastewater discharges from Concentrated Animal
Feeding Operations (CAFOs) in the State of Idaho
under tne Clean Water Act's (CWA) National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit pro-
gram. Due to the fact that there are new source per-
formance standards for CAFOs, under Section 306 of
the CWA, EPA must comply with the requirements of
the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA)
as a part of its decision making process on the result-
ing NPDES permit.
Keywords'. 'Feeding stuffs, 'Sewage disposal, 'Live-
stock, 'Water pollution, Licenses, Assessments, Envi-
ronmental impacts, Regulations, Dairy cattle, Runoff,
Beef cattle, Waste water reuse, Lagoons(Ponds), Acti-
vated sludge process, Tables(Data), Feedlot wastes.
PB86-218401/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Idaho Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations
Water Quality Assessment.
Jones and Stokes Associates, Inc., Bellevue, WA.
19 Jul 85, 165p EPA/910/9-85/132
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Protection
Agency, Seattle, WA. Region X.
A large number of confined animal feeding operations
(primarily feedlots and dairies) are currently operating
in Idaho. Their numbers, locations, the type and
number of their treatment facilities, and the extent to
which they cause water quality degradation have not
previously been well documented. The EPA is required
to regulate discharges from concentrated animal feed-
ing operations by the Clean Water Act, P. L. 95-217,
and regulations developed pursuant to the Act. A
number of the larger feedlots and dairies were previ-
ously regulated by the EPA under the National Pollut-
ant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program in
the mid and late 1970s. A series of EPA aerial surveys
has provided a variety of site-specific information on
confined animals operations along the Snake River
drainages where feedlots and dairies are most con-
centrated. The information gathered by the study
should be useful to regulatory personnel and planners
at both the state and federal levels.
Keywords: 'Feeding(Supplying), 'Dairies, 'Water pol-
lution, Regulations, National government, Livestock,
Aerial surveys, Snake River, Idaho, Feedlots, P. L. 95-
217, Baseline studies.
PB86-218427/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Partitioning of Toxic Organic Compounds on Mu-
nicipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Solids,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. A. Dodds, M. Jelus, and K. V. Cheng. Jul 86,42p
EPA/600/D-86/137
Prepared in cooperation with Cincinnati Univ., OH.
Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering.
Fundamental aspects of partitioning of toxic organic
compounds on municipal wastewater treatment plant
solids have been investigated. Sorption on wastewater
solids was not affected by solids-to-liquid ratio. Kinetic
data on sorption showed an initial rapid uptake fol-
lowed by a slower rate over an extended period of
time. Freeze-dried solids did not exhibit the same sorp-
tion characteristics as viable biomass. A correlation
between sorption of toxic organics on wastewater
treatment plant solids and the octonal/water partition
coefficient has been established. The correlation
should be useful for estimating the removal of toxic
compounds in wastewater treatment plants by the
sorption mechanism.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Organic com-
pounds, "Sewage treatment, "Municipalities, Toxicity,
Solids, Kinetics, Sorption, Liquids.
PB86-218435/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Indoor Air Sampling and Mutagenicity Studies Re-
lated to Emissions from Unvented Coal Combus-
tion,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. L. Mumford, D. B. Harris, K. Williams, J. C. Chuang,
and M. Cooke. Jul 86,16p EPA/600/D-86/141
Prepared in cooperation with Battelle Columbus Div.,
OH.
The purpose of the study is to develop sampling strate-
ies and bioassay methods for indoor air in homes,
he work reported here was conducted to prepare for
a joint U.S.-China field study in Xuan Wei County,
Yunnan Province, southern China, where the residents
traditionally burn coal or wood for domestic cooking
and heating without flue ventilation. These residents
are exposed daily to high levels of combustion smoke
and have unusually high lung cancer mortality rates,
the women's rate the highest in China, and the men's
rate among the highest. The paper reports the chemi-
cal and biological characterization of coal emissions
from a simulated combustion laboratory.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, Toxicity, Expo-
sure, Inspection, Mutagens, Aromatic polycyclic hydro-
carbons, Bioassays, Combustion products, 'Toxic
substances, 'Indoor air pollution, 'Particulate sam-
pling, 'Coal combustion, Houses, Air sampling.
PB86-21B443/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianole
Park, NC.
Selected Organic Pollutant Emissions from Un-
vented Kerosene Heaters,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
G. W. Traynor, M. G. Apte, H. A. Sokol, J. C. Chuang,
and J. L. Mumford. Jul 86,22p EPA/600/D-86/142
Prepared in cooperation with Battelle Columbus Labs.,
OH. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
An exploratory study was performed to assess the se-
mivolatile and nonvolatile organic-compound emis-
sions from unvented kerosene space heaters. A well-
tuned radiant heater and a maltuned convective heater
were used for the study. Each heater was operated in
a 27-cu m chamber with a prescribed on/off pattern.
Organic compounds were collected on teflon-impreg-
nated glass filters backed by XAD-2 resin and ana-
lyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
Pollutant source strengths were calculated using a
mass-balance equation. The results show that kero-
sene heaters can emit polycyclic aromatic hydrocar-
bons (PAHs), nitrated PAHs; alkyl benzenes; pentach-
lorophenol; phtalates; hydro naphthalenes; aliphatic
hydrocarbons, alcohols, and ketones; and other or-
ganic compounds.
Keywords: "Heating equipment, "Kerosene, Contami-
nants, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Aromatic
monocyclic hydrocarbons, Aliphatic hydrocarbons,
Napthalene, Organic compounds, "Indoor air pollution,
Phenol/pentachloro, Air sampling.
PB86-218450/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Overview of WHO (World Health Organization) En-
vironmental Health Criteria 35 on Extremely-Low-
Frequency (ELF) Fields,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Experimental Biology Div.
R. D. Phillips. Jul 86,16p EPA/600/D-86/140
The paper summarizes and reviews the document
World Health Criteria 35. The purpose of the Criteria
35 is to provide information for health authorities and
regulatory agencies on the possible effects of ex-
tremely-low-frequency (ELF) electric and magnetic
fields on human health and to give guidance on tne as-
sessment of risks from occupational and general pop-
ulation exposures. The Criteria Document includes a
review of biological effects on human beings and ani-
mals exposed to ELF fields in the frequency range of
0-300 Hz with emphasis on power (50- and 60-Hz)
electric fields. Subjects reviewed in the document In-
clude the physical characteristics of ELF fields, meas-
urement techniques and dosimetry, levels of exposure
from devices in common use, mechanisms of interac-
tion, biological effects in animals and animal tissues,
human studies, health risk evaluation, and guidance on
the development of protective measures such as regu-
lations and safe-use guidelines.
Keywords: 'Health physics, "Radiation effects, Crite-
ria, Electric fields, Magnetic fields, Government poli-
cies, Extremely low radio frequencies.
PB86-218468/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Parametric Studies Delineating the Occurrence of
Transient Puffs In a Rotary Kiln Simulator,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
W. M. P. Linak, J. D. Kilgroe, J. A. Mcsorley, and J. E.
Dunn. Jul 86,26p EPA/600/D-86/139
The paper gives results of an experimental investiga-
tion into the waste properties and kiln parameters that
determine both the instantaneous intensity and total
magnitude of transient puffs leaving the kiln. (NOTE:
The batch introduction of waste-filled drums or con-
tainers into practical rotary kiln incinerators can lead to
transient overcharging conditions, refered to here as
puffs.) The experimental apparatus utilized was a 73
kW laboratory rotary kiln simulator. Surrogate solid
wastes in the form of plastic rods and surrogate liquid
wastes on sorbents in cardboard containers were in-
vestigated. A statistically designed parametric study
was used to determine tne extent to which waste and
kiln variables affected the intensity (hydrocarbon peak
height) and magnitude (hydrocarbon peak area) of
puffs.
Keywords: "Rotary kilns, "Incinerators, "Hazardous
wastes, "Solid waste disposal, "Water pollution con-
trol, Simulators, Hydrocarbons, Temperature, Tests,
Plastics, Heat transfer, Graphs(Charts).
PB86-219O03/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Recovery of Principal Organic Hazardous Con-
stituents and Products of Incomplete Combustion
from a Volatile Organic Sampling Train. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
E. V. Robb, J. F. McGaughey, A. L. Sykes, and D. E.
Wagoner. Jul 86,71 p EPA/600/7-86/025
Contract EPA-68-02-3174
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report describes an investigation of the recovery
efficiencies of selected principal organic hazardous
constituents (POHCs) from the Volatile Organic Sam-
pling Train (VOST) under laboratory conditions. The
compounds included: vinyl chloride, carbon tetrachlo-
ride, trichloroethylene, benzene, toluene, perchlor-
oethylene, monochiorobenzene, methyl vinyl ketone,
tetrahydrofuran, and chloroform. An inhouse organic
vapor generation system was used to produce atmos-
pheres with pre-aetermined concentrations of the
POHCs. These were sampled by the VOST. The sam-
pling traps were desorbed and analyzed by GC/FID.
The predetermined total nanograms of POHCs were
compared to the total nanograms found by the analy-
ses. Excluding vinyl chloride and methyl vinyl ketone,
the overall mean percent recovery for the individual
compounds ranged from 81.0 to 118.1 %.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Air pollution, Com-
bustion, Toxicity, Chromatographic analysis, Vinyl
chloride, Carbon tetrachloride, Benzene, Toluene, Re-
covery, Volatile organic compounds, VOST(Volatile
Organic Sampling Train), Ketone/methyl-vinyl, Ethyl-
ene/trichloro, Ethylene/perchloro, Furan/tetrahydro.
PB86-219029/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Use of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays
(ELISA) for the Determination of Triton X Non-
Ionic Detergents. Journal article,
California Univ., Davis.
S. I. Wie, and B. D. Hammock. 1982,11 p EPA/600/J-
82/465
Grant EPA-R-806447
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in Analytical Biochemistry, v125 n2 p168-176 Sep
83.
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for 4-
t-octylphenyl ethoxylates such as Triton X-100 was de-
veloped. Both the 4-t-octylphenyl and the ethoxylate
moiety were required for antibody recognition since
members of the Triton N series showed low cross-re-
activity, and polyethylene glycol polymers as well as a
variety of other neutral and ionic surfactants and pesti-
cides showed no cross-reactivity. The ELISA was sen-
sitive in the low nanogram-per-milliliter range and was
highly reproducible. It was shown to be capable of ana-
lyzing the active Ingredients in vaginal contraceptives
and Triton X-100 In the presence of proteins. Immun-
oassays thus offer advantages in the analysis of such
complex mixtures.
Keywords: "Immunosorbent assays, "Detergents,
"Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays, "Nonionic de-
tergents.
PB86-219086/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Performance and Analysis of Aquifer Tests with
Implications for Contaminant Transport Modeling.
Final rept.,
Auburn Univ., AL. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
F. J. Molz, O. Gueven, J. G. Melville, and J. F. Keely.
Jul 86,100p EPA/600/2-86/062
Grant EPA-R-810704
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
The scale-dependence of dispersivity values used in
contaminant transport models to estimate the spread-
ing of contaminant plumes by hydrodynamic disper-
sion processes was investigated and found to be an
artifact of conventional modeling approaches (espe-
cially, vertically averaged parameters in two-dimen-
sional plume simulations). The work reported here
shows that variations in hydraulic conductivity with
depth result in significant variations in ground-water
flow and contaminant transport velocities; it is the re-
sulting velocity variations that, if vertically averaged,
give rise to apparant scale-dependency of dispersion,
pecial depth-selective observation well designs are
recommended by the authors for use in tracer tests, so
that detailed estimates of the variations in hydraulic
conductivity and flow and transport velocities can be
obtained.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Sediment transport,
"Water pollution, "Aquifers, Mathematical models,
Two dimensional flow, Plumes, Hydraulic conductivity,
Dispersions, Depth, Tracer studies.
PB86-219136/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Toxlcological Testing of Organic Substances from
Concentrated Drinking and Waste Waters. Sum-
mary rept.,
Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
L. K. Snow, and B. C. Casto. Jul 86,167p EPA/600/1 -
86/005
Contract EPA-68-03-1840
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has been
given the responsibility for regulating the release of
toxic chemicals into the environment. Accordingly, the
EPA presently conducts an extensive and comprehen-
sive research program to determine the adverse ef-
fects of environmental factors on human health. A
considerable amount of this research activity is direct-
ed toward toxicological testing and test development.
The Health Effects Research Laboratory of the EPA, in
Cincinnati, Ohio, has specifically focussed on the task
of determining, through the use of appropriate short-
term assays, the potential health hazards of the com-
plex mixtures of organic compounds found in drinking
and waste waters.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Organic compounds, "Water
pollution, Humans, Public health, Waste water, Tests,
Bioassay, Animals, Mammals, Histology, Urethanes,
Chlorine organic compounds, Hazards, Mutagens,
Dosage, Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data),
Drinking water.
PB86-219144/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Cadmium Intake Via Oysters and Health Effects in
New Zealand: Cadmium Intake, Metabolism and
Effects In People with a High Intake of Oysters in
New Zealand. Rept. for Oct 80-Mar 82,
Otago Univ., Dunedin (New Zealand).
J. McKenzie, T. Kjetlstrom, and R. Sharma. Jul 86,
165p EPA/600/1-86/004
Grant EPA-R-807058
Prepared in cooperation with Auckland Univ. (New
Zealand). Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
The aim of this study was to confirm the high dietary in-
takes of cadmium and other trace elements from oys-
ters in a population associated with the oystering in-
dustry, and to determine (1) the impact of those high
intakes on cadmium concentrations in accessible tis-
sues of the study subjects and (2) the occurrence of
health effects in the population resulting from their die-
tary exposure to cadmium. Methods for the analysis of
cadmium in whole blood, urine and hair by flameless
atomic absorption spectrophotometry were estab-
lished. Seventy-eight subjects participated; from forty-
eight of them samples of faeces (3 day), blood, urine
(overnight) and hair were obtained both pre-season
and end-season (i.e. 6 months later). Questionnaires
on oyster intake were administered; dietary and medi-
cal questionnaires were administered at the end of the
season when height, weight and blood pressure were
measured.
Keywords; "Cadmium, "Oysters, Diets, Food con-
sumption, New Zealand, Metabolism, Shellfish, Spec-
trophotometry, Trace elements.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-219169/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Using the Microcomputer during a Comprehen-
sive Performance Evaluation: The Need for
Judgement,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
J. H. Bender. Jul 86,66p*
EPA/600/D-86/144
Unclassified report
Presented at Pre-Conference Workshop on Computer
Aided Training and Troubleshooting, N.E.T.A. 8th Na-
tional Conference, Minneapolis/St. Paul, MN., August
24-28, 1986.
U.S.EPA developed the composite correction program
(CCP) approach for improving POTW performance and
published a handbook which describes how to imple-
ment the CCP approach. A comprehensive perform-
ance evaluation (CPE), which is the first part of the
CCP approach, evaluates the capacities of thhe major
unit processes and identifies and prioritizes the factors
limiting a POTW's performance. Completing a CPE
consists of five steps. A computer program was also
developed by EPA to assist in one of the completing
steps; the major unit process evaluation.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Water pollution con-
trol, Activated sludge process, Performance evalua-
tion, Licenses, National government, Assessments,
Sludge disposal, Computers, Trickling fileres, Aeration,
Clarification, Process control, Computer programming,
Sewage treatment plants.
PB86-219177/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Alternatives to Toxic Organic Paint
Strippers. Research rept. Jan 85-Jan 86,
Carltech Associates, Columbia, MD.
W. J. Hahn, and P. P. Werschulz. Jul 86,113p EPA/
600/2-86/063
Contract EPA-68-03-3257
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
A study was undertaken to survey commercially avail-
able paint stripping formulations and identify those
whose use would result in lower Total Toxic Organics
(TTO, as defined in 40 CFR Part 413) loading in strip-
ping operation wastewaters without decreasing the ef-
fectiveness or efficiency of the stripping operation.
Data were gathered by means of a literature review, a
survey of potential suppliers, and bench scale tests of
alternative stripping formulations that were identified
as having potential for reducing the level of released
TTO.
Keywords: "Paint removers, Organic compounds. Haz-
ardous materials, Toxicity, "Toxic substances.
PB86-219193/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Proceedings of an Engineering Foundation Con-
ference on Management of Atmospheres In Tight-
ly Enclosed Spaces Held at Santa Barbara, Cali-
fornia on October 17-21,1983,
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-
Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Atlanta, GA.
J. E. Janssen. Jul 86, 139p EPA/600/9-86/020
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The proceedings document presentations made at the
Engineering Foundation Conference, held in Santa
Barbara, CA, October 1983, to assess the state of
knowledge about management of atmospheres in
tightly enclosed spaces and to discuss the newer
methods for mitigating indoor pollutants. Specific ob-
jectives of the conference were the assessment of the
state of knowledge for consideration in the revision of
ASHRAE Standard 62-1981 and providing background
information for both DOE and EPA in planning their
programs for improving indoor air quality.
Keywords: "Residential buildings, Construction materi-
als, Ventilation, Building codes, Radon, Formaldehyde,
"Indoor air pollution, Pollution control.
634 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB86-219201/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Numerical Simulations of Photochemical Air Pollu-
tion in the Northeastern United States: ROM 1 (Re-
gional Oxident Model) Applications. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
R. G. Lamb. Jul 86,175p EPA/600/3-86/038
The first-generation Regional Oxidant Model (ROM1)
was used to simulate pollutant concentrations during
the nine-day period 23-31 July 1980. The one-hour and
daily daylight (0900-1600 LST) averaged ozone con-
centrations produced in each of two simulations, one
representing 1980 base emissions and the other pro-
jected 1987 emission, were compared to assess the
effectiveness of the proposed emissions changes on
air quality. The analyses of the model results are pre-
faced by discussions of a number of basic issues on
regional scale modeling, including model initialization,
selection of meteorological data, effects of grid size on
model performance, estimating long-term concentra-
tion statistics from short-period simulations, probabilis-
tic vs. quasi-deterministic modes of model operation,
uncertainty in emissions estimates, the characteristics
of VOC and NOx sources in the Northeast, and other
topics. Preliminary results of analyses of the SAROAD
monitoring data, which reveal the characteristics of the
ozone problem in the northeastern United States, set
the stage for the model simulations.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Mathematical models,
"Ozone, Nitrogen oxides, Hydrocarbons, Emission,
Troposphere, "EPA regional oxidant models, "North-
east regional oxidant study, Air quality, Atmospheric
chemistry, Northeast RegionfUnited States).
PB86-219367/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Improving Design and Operation of Multiple-
Hearth and Fluid Bed Sludge Incinerators. Final
rept. Jun 84-Sep 85.
Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Wakefield, MA.
Jul 86,146p* EPA/600/2-86/061
Contract EPA-68-03-3208
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The purpose of the investigation is to document im-
provements in design, operation, and maintenance of
multiple-hearth and fluid bed furnace incineration for
combustion of sludge in municipal wastewater treat-
ment plants. The information contained in the report is
intended to supplement and qualify information avail-
able from incinerator manufacturers and published lit-
erature. The report addresses incinerator and support
systems design deficiencies and solutions, operation
and maintenance problems and solutions, fuel efficient
operation, upgrading of existing incinerators, adminis-
tration and personnel training.
Keywords: "Incinerators, "Sewage treatment, "Munici-
palities, Fluidized bed processors, Design criteria,
Sludge, Incineration, Operations, Maintenance, Fuels,
Personnel development, Upgrading, Multiple hearth,
PB86-219383/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Statistical Analysis of Mining Waste Sample Data.
Final rept.
Meridian Research, Inc., Silver Spring, MD.
30 Jun 86,42p EPA/530/SW-86/024
Contract EPA-68-01 -7093
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The report is derived from analyses of data on 582
mining waste samples collected at 99 mines. One set
of analyses compares sample data with various EPA
standards for hazard, drinking water, and ambient
water. The other set of analysis compares metal con-
centrations in raw samples (total analyses), acetic acid
extracts and distilled water extracts (Following a Modi-
fied EP). The analyses demonstrated that some stand-
ards are below the detectable limits for analytic tests
used in the mining study and confirmed that acetic acid
extraction is a more aggressive leaching technique for
metals and anions, than distilled water extraction.
However, regression analyses showed few correla-
tions between metal content of solid mining waste
samples and concentrations in extracts.
Keywords: "Mine waters, "Waste disposal, "Mining,
"Water pollution, Sampling, Hazards, Acetic acid]
Standards, Extraction, Leaching, Metals, Anions, Re-
gression analysis, Drinking water.
PB86-219391/HSU	PC A10/MF AOI
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Quantities of Cyanide-Bearing and Acid-Generat-
ing Wastes Generated by the Mining and Benefl-
clatlng Industries, and the Potentials for Contami-
nant Release. Final rept.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
27 Jun 86, 201 p EPA/SW/530-86/025
Contracts EPA-68-01-7090, EPA-68-01-7053
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The report identifies the cyanide and acid wastes as-
sociated with the extraction or concentration of metals
from ores. The cyanide-bearing wastes covered are re-
lated to keep and vat leaching operations in the gold
and silver industries. The wastes generating sulfuric
acid are found in several metal mining sectors. Howev-
er, the report focuses on the operations using surfuric
acid (largely generated from iron sulfides) to leach
copper from dumps and estimates the acid generation
potential for will tailings accumulated in impound-
ments.
Keywords: "Mining, "Beneficiation, "Acidity, "Water
pollution, "Ecology, Gold, Silver, Cyanides, Sulfuric
acid, Leaching, Copper, Tailings, Extraction,
Concentration(Composition), Environmental impacts,
Lead(Metal), Zinc, Exposure, Mine acid drainage.
PB86-219409/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Location of Mines and Factors Affecting Expo-
sure. Final draft rept.
Buc and Associates, Washington, DC.
30 Jun 86, 79p EPA/530/SW-86/023
Contract EPA-68-01 -7234
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The report provides a qualitative perspective on the
risks that mining wastes pose by first determining the
locations of mines and potential receptor populations
(human and wildlife) and then comparing selected fac-
tors which affect exposure of mine sites with those at
hazardous waste sites. The approach represents the
first stage of exposure analysis, one ot the compo-
nents of a formal risk assessment. However, transport,
fate, and effects of contaminants released from mine
waste are not covered by the report.
Keywords: "Mining, "Mine waters, "Water pollution,
Hazardous materials, Populations, Exposure, Risk'
Humans, Wildlife.
PB86-219417/HSU	PC A04/MF AOI
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Technical Studies Supporting the Mining Wast*
Regulatory Determination. Final rept.,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
J. Bernarding, ancfW. Nivens. 30 Jun 86, 59p EPA/
530/SW-86/026
Contract EPA-68-01 -7053
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Wa9te.
Results of leaching tests are summarized in the report
Using the EPA EP (extraction procedure) acetic acid
leaching test, it was determined that leachate levels
for arsenic, lead, cadmium, barium, silver and chromi-
um from slag samples were compatible with the results
of total analyses (bases on two acid digestion tech-
niques). However, the proportions removed were gen-
erally higher for cadmium and lead than the other four
metals. In comparing the results of the EP toxicity test
with data from the EP toxicity test without pH adjust,
ment, the ASTM distilled water extraction procedure
and a synthetic rainwater leach, it was concluded that
the initial pH, not the affinity of acetic acid for lead and
cadmium, is the dominant factor in determining levels
of metals extracted.
Keywords: "Mine waters, "Mining, "Toxicity, 'Wast*
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
mium, Barium, Silver, Chromium, pH, Acidification,
Acetic	acid,	Metals,	Extraction,
Concentration(Composition).
PB86-219938/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Ecological Knowledge and Environmental Prob-
lem-Solving: Concepts and Case Studies. Final
rept.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
Mar 85,399p ISBN-0-309-03645-3.
Library of Congress catalog card no. 86-817. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, DC.
The report is an analysis of what ecology has to con-
tribute to solving environmental problems. The first
part discusses traditional ecological subjects such as
population ecology, community ecology, etc.; and also
discusses general aspects of environmental problem-
solving, such as using projects as experiments, the
problem of cumulative effects, and setting boundaries.
The second part consists of 13 case studies of the ap-
plication of ecological knowledge to environmental
problem-solving. The cases Include studies of a halibut
fishery, population control of vampire bats, conserva-
tion of spotted owls, biological control of citrus pests
(red scale), timber management, the effects of DDT,
and of forest clearcutting.
Keywords: "Environmental impacts, 'Ecology, Popula-
tions, Humans, Boundaries, Recommendations, Fish-
eries, Pest control, Citrus fruits, Wildlife, Mammals,
Protection, Pesticides, Forest trees, Cutting, Case
studies, Eutrophication, Biological pest control.
PB86-2203S7/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Study of the Formation and Transport of Acidic
Species by Non-Precipltatlng Cumulus Clouds
During VENTEX-84,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
A. J. Alkezweeny. Jul 86,41p EPA/600/3-86/039
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
The report is the second in a series of reports that de-
scribes the VENTEX field studies conducted near Lex-
ington, KY. The first one was published by Alkezweeny
(1984). In the report, description of the experiment
conducted during the summer of 1984 (VENTEX-84),
from July 6 to August 18, are presented, and samples
of the data collected are given. Possible uses of the
data and example of data manipulation are illustrated.
The principal objectives of the program are as follows:
to determine the production of sulfate and nitrate aero-
sol particles by non-precipitating cumulus clouds; and
to investigate the vertical transport of pollutants
caused by cumulus convection.
Keywords: "Aerosols, 'Air pollution, Atmospheric
chemistry, Cumulus clouds, Atmospheric diffusion,
"Sulfates, 'Particulate sampling, 'Acidic species, 'Ni-
trates, Ventex study, Lexington(Kentucky).
PB86-220365/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Dosimetry Modeling of Inhaled Toxic Reactive
Qases,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. H. Overton, and F. J. Miller. Jul 86,62p EPA/600/D-
86/143
The report focuses on the physical, chemical and bio-
logical processes and factors involved in the absorp-
tion of reactive gases. Emphasis is placed on the Im-
portance of these factors In developing dosimetry
models, special consideration being given to the role
of lung fluids and tissues. Several dosimetry models
are discussed and illustrations of predicted results pre-
sented to demonstrate the application of the models to
the uptake of N02 and 03, and to demonstrate the
use of models in determining the effects of physical,
chemical and biological parameters on dosimetry pre-
dictions. Gaps in our knowledge and understanding of
the processes of dosimetry are pointed out and re-
search recommendations made to increase our under-
standing of the processes and to enhance the devel-
opment of dosimetry models.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Dosimetry, Air pollution.
Models, Absorption, Respiration, Dose rates, "Reac-
tive gases.
PB86-220373/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Comparison of the Responses of Children and
Adults to Acute Ozone Exposure,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Pediatrics.
W. F. McDonnell, R. S. Chapman, D. H. Horstman, M.
W. Leigh, and S. A. Salaam. Jul 86,14p EPA/600/D-
86/136
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The purpose of the paper is to compare the results of
two studies in which the respiratory responses of chil-
dren and adults to acute ozone (03) exposure were
measured. Forty-two 18-30 year old males were ex-
posed for 2.5 hours in a controlled environmental
chamber to either 0.0 or 0.12 ppm 03 while performing
intermittent heavy exercise. Twenty-two 8-11 year old
males were exposed in a similar manner to both air
and 0.12 ppm 03. Measures of respiratory symptoms
and function were made before and after exposure.
Adults experienced an increase in the symptom cough
and decrements in forced vital capacity and some
measures of forced expiratory flow. Children experi-
enced similar decrements in pulmonary function, but
had no increase in symptoms. The authors concluded
that as measured by pulmonary function children
appear to be no more responsive to 03 exposure than
are adults and may experience fewer symptoms.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Ozone, Humans, Re-
sponses, Exposure, Comparison, "Air pollution
effects(Humans).
PB86-220381/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Multicompartment Kinetic Models for Lead. 2.
Linear Kinetics and Variable Absorption in
Humans without Excessive Lead Exposures. Jour-
nsl article
Washington State Univ., Pullman. Dept. of Pure and
Applied Mathematics.
A. H. Marcus. c1985,16p EPA/600/J-85/425
Pub. in Environmental Research 36, p459-472 1985.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Multicompartment models with constant fractional
transfer rates have been fitted to experimental data on
lead metabolism in four subjects studied by M. B. Ra-
binowitz. Q. W. Wetherill, and J. D. Kopple (Science
182, 725-727, 1973; Environ. Health Perspect. 7, MS-
IBS, 1974; Arch. Environ. Health 31, 220-223,1976; J.
Clin. Invest. 58, 260-270, 1976; J. Lab Clin. Med. 90,
238-248, 1977). Long-term retention is estimated for
blood, soft tissue, cortical and trabecular bone pools,
and for facial hair. The absorption of lead from diet is
shown to change with time, but no evidence was found
for other variable or nonlinear kinetic mechanisms of
lead metabolism in humans without excessive lead ex-
posure.
Keywords; 'Lead(Metal), "Toxicology, Metabolism,
Diet, Models. Reprints, 'Multicompartment models.
PB86-220399/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Multicompartment Kinetic Models for Lead. 1.
Bone Diffusion Models for Long-Term Retention.
Journal article,
Washington State Univ., Pullman. Dept. of Pure and
Applied Mathematics.
A. H. Marcus. C1985,20p EPA/600/J-86/424
Pub. in Environmental Research 36, p441-458 1985.
See also PB86-177698. Sponsored by Health Effects
Research Lab., Research triangle Park, NC.
The long-term retention of lead in bone poses a
number of difficulties for the usual multicompartment
models. The use of diffusion models based on ex-
change of lead between blood in canaliculi and the
crystalline bone of the osteon allows a linear compart-
mental approximation suitable for statistical estimation
of kinetic parameters in peripheral compartments. The
model is applied to lead retention by beagle dogs.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), 'Bone, Models, Blood
plasma, Dogs, Reprints, 'Kinetic models.
PB86-220407/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Prototype Evaluation of Commercial Second Gen-
eration Low-NO Burner Performance and Sulfur
Capture. Final rept. Oct 82-Dec 84,
Riley Stoker Corp., Worcester, MA.
R. A. Lisauskas, and D. C. Itse. Jul 86,286p EPA/600/
7-86/026
Contract EPA-68-02-3913
See also PB86-122009. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report gives results of pilot-scale combustion tests
of a Riley Stoker second-generation low-NOx burner
combined with dry sorbent injection for S02 control.
The burner design is based on the distributed mixing
concept. Combustion tests were conducted at 100 mil-
lion Btu/hr in EPA's Large Watertube Simulator (LWS)
test furnace. Results were obtained for three U.S.
coals and two sorbents. NOx was reduced up to 60%
with the advanced burner design.
Keywords: 'Burners, 'Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen
oxides, Combustion products, Coal, Sorbents, Calcium
oxides.
PB86-220431/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Pulmonary Function Adaptation to Ozone in Sub-
jects with Chronic Bronchitis. Journal article,
Maryland Univ. at Baltimore. Dept. of Medicine.
T. J. Kulle, J. H. Milman, L. R. Sauder, H. D. Kerr, and
B. P. Farrell. 1984,11p EPA/600/J-84/376
Grant EPA-R-807262
Pub. in Environmental Research 34, p55-63 1984.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Twenty smokers with chronic bronchitis were exposed
to 0.41 ppm ozone for 3 hr-day for 5 consecutive days
and reexposed 4 days later to determine (1) if they are
sensitive to ozone, (2) if they adapt, and (3) if the adap-
tation lasts longer than 4 days. There were significant
decrements in forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced
expiratory volume in 3 sec (FEV3) on the first day of
the 5-day repeated exposures and also on reexposure
4 days following cessation of the sequential expo-
sures. Symptoms experienced were mild and did not
predominate on any exposure days. These results sug-
gest that individuals with chronic bronchitis adapt rap-
idly to ozone and lose the adaptive phenomenon
within 4 days. The small decreases seen in FVC and
FEV3 appear to impose no more than minimal limita-
tions on their daily activities.
Keywords: 'Ozone, "Smoking, 'Respiratory systems,
Bronchitis, Exposure, Sensitivity, Reprints, 'Air pollu-
tion effects(Humans).
PB66-220449/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticides and Toxic Substances In the Environ-
ment. Journal Article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
F. W. Kutz, and A. E. Carey. 1986, 7p EPA/600/J-86/
105
Pub. in Jnl. of Arboriculture 12, n4 p92-95, Apr 86.
Monitoring data are critical factors in an exposure as-
sessment and thus are important elements in quantita-
tive evaluations of hazard and risk. Monitoring is a gen-
eral term used to describe a wide variety of efforts. Ba-
sically, monitoring is an activity in which specimens of
selected human and environmental components are
sampled and then analyzed for evidence of chemical
residues indicative of potential human, animal, or plant
exposure. Human and environmental monitoring pro-
grams for pesticides and selected toxic chemicals
nave been conducted for over 15 years. The initial am-
bient monitoring systems were designed to determine
average concentrations of pesticides or related chemi-
cals in human and environmental media on a nation-
wide basis and determine changes in these concentra-
tions over time.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Toxicity, "Pesticides, Monitoring, Humans,
Connective tissue, Hazards, Risk, Plants(Botany), Ex-
posure, Concentration(Composition), United States,
Reprints.
PB86-220787/HSU	CP T03
Resource Conservation Recovery Act Notification
Data File as of May 31,1986. Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
S. Levy, P. Murray, and E. Partington. 31 May 86, mag
tape EPA/DF/MT-86/025
Supersedes PB86-121670.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products if you have questions.
The file contains data compiled for the Resource Con-
servation Recovery Act. Notification of Hazardous
Waste Activity, EPA Form 8700-12 was used to collect
the data. The file was updated with information com-
piled from the application for a Hazardous Waste
Permit, EPA Form 3510-3. The data includes names
and addresses of the facility owner and operator, as
well as the facility contact name and phone number.
The data indicates whether a facility is a generator,
treatment/storer/disposer, and/or transporter of haz-
ardous waste.
Keywords: "Data file, 'Hazardous materials, "Waste
disposal, Licenses, Personnel, Microfilm, Data storage
devices. Cargo transportation.
PB88-220795/HSU	CP T02
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical
Substances Inventory: Reissued Inventory Plant-
site Information, May 1988. Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
K. Meyercord, and M. Guild. 14 May 86, mag tape
EPA/560/7-86/003A, EPA/DF/MT-86/003A
Supersedes PB83-254102.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products if you have questions.
The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) of 1976
tasks the Environmental Protection Agency to main-
tain an inventory of chemical substances (with certain
exclusions) that are in United States commerce. The
inventory was gathered from reports on substances
that were produced or imported in 1975-1978. An up-
dated version of the inventory, from which the data in
these tapes were drawn, was published in October
1985. The TSCA Chemical Substance Inventory: Re-
issued Inventory Plansite Information File lists names
and addresses for more than 7000 processors and
manufacturers of chemicals. Each segment of the Pro-
duction File contains data relevant to one submitter,
identified by a manufacturer's ID, for one chemical
substance, identified by a CAS registry number. The
data elements present on the production file are: CAS
registry number, production volume, activity, manufac-
turer's ID and processor activity. This file, with the
TSCA production information, preferred name, and
synonym files, provides the complete Toxic Sub-
stances Control Act inventory.
Keywords: 'Data file, "Chemical compounds, "Envi-
ronmental surveys, Inventories, Chemical industry,
Manufacturing, Magnetic tapes, "Toxic Substances
Control Act.
PB86-220803/HSU	CP T03
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical
Substances Inventory: Reissued Inventory - Pro-
duction Information File, May 1986. Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC.
K Meyercord, and M. Guild. May 86, mag tape EPA/
560/7-86/003B, EPA/DF/MT-86/023
Supersedes PB83-254110.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products if you have questions.
The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) of 1976
tasks the Environmental Protection Agency to main-
tain an inventory of chemical substances (with certain
exclusions) that are in United States commerce. This
Inventory was gathered from reports on substances
that were produced or imported in 1975-1978. An up-
636 Vol. 90, No. 24
dated version of the Inventory, from which the data in
these tapes were drawn, was published in October
1985. The TSCA Chemical Substances Inventory. Re-
issued Inventory Production Information File contains
production information for more than 50,000 chemi-
cals. Each segment on the Production File contains
data relevant to one submitter, identified by a Manu-
facturer's ID, for one chemical substance, identified by
a CAS Registry Number. The data elements present
on the Production File are: CAS Registry Number, Pro-
duction Volume, Activity, Manufacturer's ID and Proc-
essor Activity. The file, with the TSCA Plantside Infor-
mation, Preferred Name and Synonym files, provides
the complete Toxic Substances Control Act Inventory.
Keywords: "Data file, "Chemical compounds. "Envi-
ronmental surveys, Inventories, Chemical industry,
Manufacturing, Magnetic tapes, "Toxic Substances
Control Act.
PB86-220860/HSU	CP T04
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical
Substances Inventory: Reissued Inventory Syno-
nym File, May 1986. Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
K. Meyercord, and M. Guild. 1 May 86, mag tape EPA/
560/7-86/003D, EPA/DF/MT-86/021
Supersedes PB83-254128. See also PB86-220878.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products if you have questions.
The Toxic Substances Act Chemical Substances In-
ventory: Reissued Inventory lists names for more than
50,000 chemical substances. This is the second file
which is an index to the first by way of synonymous
chemical names. Its entries are ordered alphabetically
by name with the entries containing the same informa-
tion as the Preferred Name File. The names included
in the file are those valid names reported by submitters
and the preferred CA Index Names. Because of possi-
ble ambiguities in nomenclature, the user should
obtain and review the preferred CA Index Name in the
Preferred Name File using the CAS Registry Number
associated with the synonym concerned. This will not
be necessary, however, in those cases where the
name has an associated Name Code (e.g.. 9CI) which
signifies a preferred CA Index Name. The workunits in
the file are in chemical name order. The order is not
based on the EBCDIC form of the name, but rather a
sortkey generated by a complex algorithm which que-
ries various portions of the chemical name. Conse-
quently, the file does not have a data element that
identifies the sort order of the chemical names. How-
ever, for each physical file, the Sequence Number
(data element 0012 01) can serve to identify the proper
sequence of the names. The number is in ascending
order having been generated during computer proc-
essing of the file. Each workunit of data can contain
the following data elements: Molecular Formula, CAS
Registry Number, Sequence Number, Preferred CA
Index Name, Name Codes, UVCB Flag, Submitter Sub-
stance Name (reported), Chemical Substance Defini-
tion and EPA Flags. The file, with the TSCA Plantside
Information, Production Information, and Preferred
Name files, provides the complete Toxic Substances
Control Act Inventory.
Keywords: "Data file, "Chemical compounds, "Envi-
ronmental surveys, Inventories, Magnetic tapes, Man-
ufacturing, "Toxic Substances Control Act.
PB86-220878/HSU	CP T03
Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA) Chemical
Substances Inventory: Reissued Inventory Pre-
ferred Name File, May 1986. Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
K. Meyercord, and M. Guild. 1 May 86, mag tape EPA/
560/7-86/003C, EPA/DF/MT-86/024
Supersedes PB83-254128. See also PB86-220860.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products if you have questions.
The Toxic Substance Act Chemical Substances Inven-
tory: Reissued Inventory lists names and more than
50.000 Chemical Substances. The computer-readable
TSCA Chemical Substance Inventory - 1985 Edition
and its subsequent computer-readable supplements or
cumulative reissues contain chemical substance infor-
mation for those substances on the non-confidential
substance identity portion of the TSCA Master Inven-
tory File. For a complete understanding of the data
contained on these tapes, it is necessary to consult the
introductory material of the printed 1985 Edition. The
revised inventory consists of two files: (1) Inventory
preferred name file (EPA-560/7-86-003C); (2) invento-
ry synonym name file (EPA-560/7-86-003D). This is
the first file which contains each substance with its
CAS Registry Number, preferred CA Index Name, mo-
lecular formula, and other apropriate information. The
entries are in ascending CAS Registry Number order.
The workunits in the file are in ascending order by CAS
Registry Number. Each workunit of substance data
can contain the following data elements: Molecular
Formula, CAS Registry Number, Sequence Number,
Preferred CA Index Name, Name Codes, Replaced
Registry Numbers, UVCB Flag, Chemical Substances
Definition and EPA Flags. The file with the TSCA Plant-
side Information, Production Information, and Syno-
nym files, provides the complete Toxic Substances
Control Act Inventory.
Keywords: 'Data file, "Chemical compounds, "Envi-
ronmental surveys, Inventories, Magnetic tapes, Man-
ufacturing, 'Toxic Substances Control Act.
PB86-221173/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effectiveness of Nonstructural Agricultural Best
Management Practices (BMP's) for the Control of
Phosphorus and Nitrogen. Final rept.,
Viking Systems International, Inc., Reston, VA.
D. Sood, D. Bhumbla, and T. Logan. Jul 86,135p EPA/
230/10-86/020
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency.
Washington, DC.
A review ol the available published literature shows
that little information on NPS water pollution and agri-
cultural BMP's exists and much research remains nec-
essary. Under a recent EPA contract, 'Development
planning and research associates, Inc., (DPRA), of
Manhattan, Kansas, evaluated the cost-effectiveness
of 'Best management practices and public owned
treatment works in controlling phosphorus pollution.'
DPRA's study reviewed recent published literature and
estimated the cost effectiveness of various agricultural
BMP's, including conservation tillage ana contour
farming and grassed waterways
Keywords: "Phosphorus, "Water pollution control,
"Agriculture, Nitrogen, Cost effectiveness, Public utili-
ties, Cultivation, Contour farming, Grasses,
Waterways(Watercourses), Trees(Plants), Barriers,
"Best management practices, Sewage treatment
plants, "Nonstructural methods.
PB86-221249/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter and
Sulfur Oxides (1982) (Second Addendum): As-
sessment of Newly Available Health Effect* Infor-
mation. Review Draft.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Jul 86,160p EPA/600/8-86/020A
See also PB84-156801.
The report evaluates and assesses new scientific in-
formation that have emerged since 1982 and their im-
plications for derivation of health-related criteria for
particulate matter and sulfur oxides NAAOS. The liter-
ature through June 1986 has been reviewed thorough-
ly for information relevant to air quality criteria, al-
though the document is not intended as a complete
and detailed review of all literature pertaining to partic-
ulate matter and sulfur oxides. Accordingly, the
present addendum: (1) concisely summarizes key find-
ings from the 1982 EPA criteria document and first ad-
dendum as they pertain to derivation of health-related
criteria; and (2) provides an updated assessment of
newly available information of potential importance for
derivation of health criteria for both the particulate
matter and sulfur oxides standards, with major empha-
sis on evaluation of human health studies published
since 1982. Certain background information of crucial
importance for understanding the assessed health ef.
fects findings is also concisely summarized. This in-
cludes information on physical and chemical proper-
ties of particulate matter, sulfur oxides, and associated
aerosols and ambient monitoring techniques.
Keywords: 'Sulfur oxides, "Particles, "Public health
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Concentration(Composition). Sources, Epidemiology,
Chemical analysis, Humans, Respiratory diseases,
*Air quality, * Air pollution effects(Humans), Inhalation,
Health hazards, Particulate sampling.
PB86-221256/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Polychlorinated
Dlbenzofurans. Review Draft.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 86, 385p EPA/600/8-86/018A
The health assessment document for Polychlorinated
dibenzofurans (PCDFs) provides the scientific data
base for utilization by U.S. EPA in its activities related
to the Clean Air Act. PCDFs are a group of widespread
and environmentally stable halogenated tricyclic aro-
matic hydrocarbons. They enter the environment as
trace impurities in PCBs, Chlorophenols, PCNs, 2,4,5-
T formulations and as a result of diverse combustion
processes. PCBFs bioacumulate in exposed human
and animal adipose rich tissues. They are extremely
toxic to animals and humans. Their toxic effects are
very similar to those caused by 2,3,7,8-TCDD. Informa-
tion on adverse health effects in humans has been de-
rived from the observation in the isolated Japanese
and Tiawanese population who accidentally consumed
PCBs and PCDF-contaminated rice oil.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Toxicology, 'Envi-
ronmental surveys, 'Carcinogens, Air pollution, Expo-
sure, Epidemiology, Toxicity, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Public health, Assessments, Laboratory ani-
mals, Environment, 'Toxic substances, 'Polychlorinat-
ed dibenzofurans, Bioaccumulation, Fate of pollutant,
Path ot pollutant.
PB86-221777/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Compartment Models for Trace Metals In Mam-
mals. Journal article,
Washington State Univ., Pullman.
A. H. Marcus. C1983,12p EPA/600/J-83/344
Pub. in The Science of the Total Environment 28,
p307-316 1983. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Kinetic models for the distribution and elimination of
certain trace metals in mammals allow evaluation of
metal burdens in critical target organs under time-vari-
ables exposure patterns, and thus may assist in formu-
lating exposure standards. The linear compartmental
model is described and some of its implications for
conceptual models of trace metal metabolism are de-
veloped. The model is then applied to data on multiple
doses of cadmium in mice. Many trace metals do not
follow simple linear kinetic models because exposure
to more than one metal simultaneously often results in
synergistic effects.
Keywords: 'Models, "Toxicology, Metals, Exposure,
Standards, Reprints, 'Trace metals, 'Kinetic models.
PB86-221793/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Design Information Report: Recessed Plate Filter
Presses.
Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Wakefield, MA.
Jun 86,12p EPA/600/M-86/017
Contract EPA-68-03-3208
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has under-
taken a program to help municipalities and engineers
avoid problems in wastewater treatment facility design
and operation. A series of Design Information Reports
is being produced that identifies frequency occurring
process design and operational problems and de-
scribes remedial measures and design approaches
used to solve these problems. The intent is not to es-
tablish new design practices, but to concisely docu-
ment improved design and operational procedures
that have been developed and successfully demon-
strated in field experiences. With an increased empha-
sis being placed on environmental concerns associat-
ed with the disposal of sludges from wastewater treat-
ment facilities, there has been a growing awareness of
the need for improved efficiency and reliability In the
performance of in-plant sludge treatment processes.
Keywords: "Filter presses, "Sewage treatment, Design
criteria, Sludge digestion, Operations, Sludge disposal,
Dewatering, Reliability, Cost analysis, Upgrading,
Plates, Recessed plates.
PB86-221819/HSU	PC A04/MF AOf
High-Level and Transuranlc Radioactive Wastes.
Response to Comments for Final Rule. Volume 1.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Aug 85, 70p EPA/520/1 -85/024/1
The report contains the comments received on the
proposed rulemaking for 'Environmental standards for
the management and disposal of spent nuclear fuel,
high-level and transuranic radioactive wastes', (40
CFR Part 191), published in the Federal Register on
December 29,1982 (47 FR 58196-58206).
Keywords: 'Regulations, Standards, "Spent fuels,
"Radioactive waste disposal, 'High-level radioactive
wastes, Alpha bearing wastes, 40 CFR part 191, Ra-
dioactive waste management, Environmental policy.
PB86-222221/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Project CONDORS - Convective Diffusion Ob-
served by Remote Sensors. Final rept.,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Boulder, CO. Wave Propagation Lab.
J. C. Kaimal, W. L. Eberhard, W. M. Moninger, J. E.
Gaynor, and S. W. Troxel. Jul 86,318p EPA/600/3-
86/040
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
The data report presents results from two diffusion ex-
periments conducted at the Boulder Atmospheric Ob-
servatory (BAO) in 1982 and 1983. The objective was
to compare diffusion in the atmospheric convective
boundary layer with that observed in laboratory tank
experiments and numerical computer models. In both
experiments at the BAO, two different tracers, oil fog
and aluminized chaff, were released simultaneously
and tracked by lidar and radar, respectively, for periods
up to two hours. In 1982, both tracers were released
from the same surface or elevated point; in 1983, the
two were also released from separate levels, the oil
fog from near the surface, the cnaff from an elevated
point on the tower. The 1983 experiment included
tracer gas releases with in situ samplers measuring
surface concentrations downwind of the tower. The
BAO tower provided data on the mean and turbulent
state of the atmosphere, while mixing depths were
monitored by balloon soundings, sodar, lidar and
radar. A detailed description of the experiment and the
measurements obtained from the different sensors is
provided. The strengths and limitations of the experi-
ment are discussed in the context of case studies.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Atmospheric diffusion,
Remote sensing, Plumes, Comparison,
'Convection(Atmospheric), "Fog oil smoke, Gaussian
plume models, Aluminized chart. Condors project, At-
mospheric boundary layer.
PB86-222353/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab,, Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Div.
Asbestos Containing Materials In School Build-
ings: Bulk Sample Analysis Quality Assurance
Program. Bulk Sample Rounds 12, 13 and Blind
Round III. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. L. Parris, and K. Starner. Jul 86,92p* EPA/600/4-
86/028
Contracts EPA-68-02-3767, EPA-68-02-4125
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC. Quality Assurance
Div.
The report presents the results of laboratories partici-
pating in the twalveth, thirteenth and third (III) blind
round of the bulk sample analysis quality assurance
program sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency. Three hundred twenty-three, 386 and 51
laboratories which analyze bulk samples (by polarized
light microscopy) to determine asbestos content par-
ticipated in these rounds, respectively. Laboratories
received bulk samples of asbestos, asbestos substi-
tutes or other bulk insulation materials. Three aspects
of analytical results were considered: classification of
a sample as either asbestos (positive) or nonasbestos
(negative); identification of the specific type of asbes-
tos present; and quantitation of the relative amount of
major constituents present. A performance rating was
assessed for each laboratory, based only on the ability
to correctly classify samples. Reductions of a possible
4/4 correct score was made only for the reporting of
false positives and false negatives. Samples were cor-
rectly classified as asbestos or non-asbestos contain-
ing materials (as described in Federal Register, Vol.
47, No. 103, Thursday, May 27, 1982) by 98.5%,
98.6% and 96.7% of the laboratories participating in
rounds twelve, thirteen and third blind round, respec-
tively.
Keywords: "School buildings, "Asbestos, Bulk sam-
pling, Insulation, Quality assurance, Identifying, Air pol-
lution, "Indoor air pollution.
PB86-222361 /HSU	CP T99
UNAMAP: User's Network for Applied Modeling of
Air Pollution, Version 6. Model,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
D. B. Turner, and A. D. Busse. Aug 86, mag tape EPA/
SW/MT-86/026
Supersedes PB83-244368.
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only Call NTIS
Computer Products for price. Price includes 35 related
documents.
UNAMAP (VERSION 6) represents the 1986 update to
the users network for applied modeling of air pollution.
UNAMAP consists of an ASCII magnetic tape contain-
ing FORTRAN codes an test data for 25 air quality sim-
ulation models (AQSM) as well as associated docu-
mentation. AQSM's and supporting programs and data
are arranged in six sections: (1) Guideline (appendix A)
models..(Tiles 2 through 9); (2) Other models or proces-
sors (new models), .(files 10 through 19 and 33); (3)
Other models and processors (revised).. (files 20
through 27 and 32); <4) Additional models tor regula-
tory use (files 28 through 31); (5) Data files..(files 34
through 39); (6) Output print files..(files 40 through 68).
There are 68 files on this tape-Software Description:
The system is written in the FORTRAN programming
language for implementation on a UNIVAC 1100/82
using the 39R2 operating system.
Keywords: 'Models(Simulation), "Air pollution, "Math-
ematical models, 'Atmospheric diffusion, Magnetic
tapes, Fortran, Algorithms, Software, 'Air quality,
'UNAMAP models, UNIVAC-1100 computers,
UNIVAC-1100/82 computers.
PB86-222486/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Summary of Public Comments on Report to Con-
gress Titled: Wastes from the Extraction and Ben-
eficiation of Metallic Ores, Phosphate Rock, As-
bestos, Overburden from Uranium Mining, and Oil
Shale. Final rept.
ICF, Inc., Washington, DC.
Jun 86,87p* EPA/530/SW-86/030
Contract EPA-68-01-7290
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The document summarizes the written submissions
and hearing testimony received from approximately 80
individuals and organizations. The comments are orga-
nized into five major categories: legal/procedural,
technical, regulatory, economic, and recommenda-
tions. When appropriate, the comment summary is fol-
lowed by an 'opposing viewpoint'. The submitted com-
ments and transcripts of three hearings are in EPA
RCRA Docket (sub-basement), 401 M St., S. W.;
Washington, D.C. 20460.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal. 'Mining,
Law(Jurisprudence), Regulations, State government,
Economic impact, Overburden, National government,
Uranium ore deposits, Extraction, Beneficiation, Toxic-
ity, Air pollution, Water pollution, Aquifers, Seepage,
Requirements, Cost estimates, Public law, Recom-
mendations. Public hearings.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-222593/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Summary of U.S. LIMB (Limestone Injection with
Multistage Burner) Technology,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
D. C. Drehmel, N. Kaplan, and R. V. Hendriks. Jul 86,
15p EPA/600/D-86/154
Presented at Combustion Institute Annual Meeting
held at Pisa, Italy on June 10-13,1986.
The paper summarizes the development of limestone
injection multistage burner (LIMB) technology in the
U.S. Among many control processes tested in the U.S.
for conformance with New Source Performance
Standards (NSPS) was the injection of limestone into
the furnace region of power boilers to capture sulfur
oxides (SOx). These limestone injection removals
never achieved NSPS levels, but its relative simplicity
encouraged continued interest. The resulting EPA
LIMB technology development program consists of
several activities which, in large measure, have pro-
ceeded in parallel: (1) fundamental research, focusing
on the kinetics of potential LIMB reactions and on
properties of limestone and limestone products; (2)
pilot scale research; (3) modeling; (4) engineering and
cost analyses; and (5) process demonstration and
commercial utilization.
Keywords: *Air pollution control equipment, 'Nitrogen
oxides, 'Sulfur oxides, Burners, Boilers, Cost analysis,
Combustion products, Limestone, Design, 'Limestone
injection multistage burners, Acid rain, US EPA.
PB86-222924/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Integrated Air Cancer Project, source Measure-
ment,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
K. E. Leese, and R. C. McCrillis. Jul 86, 25p EPA/600/
D-86/152
Contract EPA-68-02-3992
Presented at APCA annual meeting, Minneapolis, MN
Jun 86. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lab.
The paper describes tests of four woodstove operating
parameters at two levels each: burn rate, wood mois-
ture, wood load, and wood type. A half-factorial experi-
mental test design allowed statistical evaluation of the
effects of each parameter on measured emissions of
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), particulates,
total hydrocarbons (THCs), CO, elements, and C1-C7
hydrocarbons. The control of burn rate and wood
moisture content were the most statistically significant
parameters affecting organic emissions. Elemental
emissions were most significantly affected by burn rate
and wood type. Overall, significant changes, even re-
ductions in total organic emissions, can be made just
by the way a woodstove is operated.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Combustion prod-
ucts, 'Stoves, Air pollution sampling, Carbon monox-
ide, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Hydrocarbons,
Particles, Moisture content, Elements, 'Wood burning
appliances, 'Stationary sources, Particulate sampling
Burn rate.
PB86-222932/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazardous Dust Control,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
N. Plaks. Jul 86, 24p EPA/600/D-86/153
Presented at Symposium on Hazardous Dust and Ma-
terials, Japan Institute of Electrostatics, Tokyo, Japan,
4-5 Jun 86.
Hazardous particles or dusts, for purposes of the
paper, are considered to be those whose size or chem-
ical species cause harm to the population through dep-
osition in the lungs and other portions of the pulmonary
tract. A small number of pollutants, some of which are
particles, have been designated under the program
from the Clean Air Act for National Emission Standards
for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP); a larger
number are being considered for NESHAP. Several
R&D needs are listed including: sensing of excess
emission of hazardous dust from control equipment;
need to retrofit for improved capture of small particles;
improved collection of fine condensable aerosols, and
modeling of control technology for hazardous parti-
cles. Indoor air particles and dusts are discussed with
emphasis on characterization, indoor air cleaners, and
638 Vol. 90, No. 24
asbestos in residences. Radon in the indoor environ-
ment is discussed as an emerging problem. Finally, an
indoor air/radon model is discussed linking indoor air
dusts to lung deposition.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Dust control, 'Par-
ticles, Dusts, Radioactive contaminants, Radon, Air
pollution control equipment, Air sampling, Particle size,
Office buildings, Residential buildings, Asbestos, Res-
piratory tract, 'Indoor air pollution, 'Particulate sam-
pling, Health hazards, Radiation monitoring.
PB86-222940/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Comparison of Natural and Man-made Hydrocar-
bon Emission Inventories Necessary for Regional
Acid Deposition and Oxidant Modeling,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. H. Novak, and J. A. Reagan. Jul 86, 29p EPA/600/
D-86/145
Presented at Air Pollution Control Association Annual
Meeting (79th), Minneapolis, MN, 22-27 Jun 86.
A biogenic hydrocarbon emission inventory system
was developed for the northeastern United States with
design options for extension to other areas. Emissions
from trees, leaf litter, crops, grass, and water are esti-
mated for cells of 1 /6 degrees latitude by 1 /4 degrees
longitude (about 20 km x 20 km). Hourly emissions
were calculated for the period, July 23-26, 1980, and
compared with anthropogenic hydrocarbon emissions
from the NAPAP inventory. Natural hydrocarbons
appear to represent 60% of the regional VOC emis-
sions. Output from the biogenic inventory is structured
to provide isoprene and other VOC input compatible
with the Carbon Bond IV photochemical kinetic reac-
tion system employed in the Regional Oxidant Model.
Keywords: 'Hydrocarbons, 'Inventories, "Air pollution,
Trees(Plants), Refuse, Farm crops, Grasses, Output,
Isoprene, Comparison, United States, Acid rain.
PB86-22296S/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Overview of Indoor Radon Mitigation Alternatives
and a Summary of Recent EPA (Environmental
Protection Agency) Mitigation Test Results,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
D. B. Henschel, and A. B. Craig. Jul 86, 40p EPA/600/
D-86/148
Presented at the National Convention of the American
Institute of Architects, San Antonio, TX, 9 Jun 86.
The discussion is specific to single-family homes (de-
tached houses), as opposed to apartment buildings,
other multiple family dwellings, or office and other
public use buildings. Introductory information covers
indoor radon sources, health effects of radon expo-
sure, radon level monitoring methods, and a discus-
sion on how radon enters and builds up in house air.
Covered are nine methods for reducing indoor radon in
detached houses: natural and forced-air ventilation,
forced-air ventilation with heat recovery, active avoid-
ance of house depressurization, sealing major radon
sources, sealing radon entry routes, drain-tile soil ven-
tilation, active ventilation of hollow-block basement
walls, and sub-slab ventilation. For each method, infor-
mation is presented on principles of operation, applica-
bility, how much confidence one can have that the
method can achieve radon reduction, and an estimate
of installation costs. Where appropriate, drawings
depict the details of method installation using terminol-
ogy familiar to the building trades.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Radioactive contaminants, 'Res-
idential buildings, Sampling, Alpha particle detectors,
Air sampling, Sources, Ventilation, "Indoor air pollu-
tion, Health hazards, Radiation monitoring, Stationary
sources.
PB86-222973/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Development of the Marine Incineration Bloassay
Sampling System (MIBAS) for At-Sea Incineration
Testing,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
W. H. Piispanen, M. D. Jackson, and D. P. Redford. Jul
86,14p EPA/600/D-86/157
Contract EPA-68-02-6986
Presented at APCA Hazardous Waste Management
Workshop, Englewood, CO, 23 Apr 86. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses the development of the Marine
Incineration Bioassay Sampling System (MIBAS) for
at-sea incineration testing, as part of EPA's overall
evaluation of the potential benefits and risks associat-
ed with the incineration of hazardous wastes at sea.
The related strategy focuses on the acquisition of sci-
entific information and on the development of new
techniques designed to expand the knowledge of: (1)
the chemical nature of incinerator emissions; (2) the
behavior and fate of incinerator emission plumes; (3)
the possible extent of exposure of marine organisms to
these emissions; and (4) the possible environmental
consequences of such an exposure.
Keywords: 'Ships, 'Incinerators, 'Water pollution,
Waste disposal, Toxicity, Bioassay, Hazardous materi-
als.
PB86-222981/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Role of Quality Assurance In the U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency's Air and Energy Engineer-
ing Research Laboratory,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
G. L. Johnson, J. S. Ford, S. Kulkarni, and F. Smith. Jul
86, 20p EPA/600/D-86/158
Contract EPA-68-02-3973
Presented at APCA annual meeting, Minneapolis, Min-
nesota, June 1986. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses the major role played by quality
assurance (QA) in the environmental engineering re-
search programs conducted by EPA's Air and Energy
Engineering Research Laboratory (AEERL) in Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Consistent with Agency
policy, AEERL requires that all data collection be doc-
umented by approved QA Project Plans, which estab-
lish the data quality needed for a project. AEERL has
developed an innovative Project Category approach to
QA plan documentation which bases the mandatory
reporting elements on the type of research project and
the intended use of the data (e.g., rulemaking, funda-
mental research). This approach is also applied to
audits, which ensure that QA requirements are imple-
mented properly. AEERL has implemented a compre-
hensive QA program based on detailed QA Project
Plans, QA audits, and final report reviews which can be
readily adapted to other environmentally related, data
collection activities at the Federal, State, and local
levels.
Keywords: "Quality assurance, 'Environmental sur-
veys, Air pollution, Research projects, Data sampling.
Quality control, US EPA.
PB86-222999/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Effects of Office Building Heating and Ventilation
System Parameter* on Resplrable Particles,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. K. Owen, D. S. Ensor, L. S. Hovis, andw. G. Tucker
Jul 86,27p EPA/600/D-86/155
Presented at Indoor Air Quality '86 (ASHRAE), Atlanta,
GA Apr 86. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lab.
The paper gives results of a study of particle concen-
trations and size distributions in a typical office build-
ing, as a function of makeup air percentages and
sources. Filters of the type in use were obtained and
tested for particle size dependent efficiencies. Activity
and sources in the building were determined, and set-
tings for the dampers controlling makeup air were
either fully open or shut. Testing was done during oc-
cupied and relatively unoccupied periods. In-room
return, outside, and just-filtered combined air streams
were sampled over a particle size range from 0.01 to
10 micrometers. Particle size distributions, mass con-
centrations, temperature, and humidity were deter-
mined.
Keywords: 'Office buildings, 'Particles, 'Ventilation
Respiration, Air pollution, Heating, 'Indoor air pollin
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-223005/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Effects of Ventilation Rates and Product Loading
on Organic Emission Rates from Particleboard,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
L. H. Nelms, M. A. Mason, and B. A. Tichenor. Jul 86,
37p EPA/600/D-86/156
Contract EPA-68-02-3988
Presented at IAQ '86, Managing Indoor Air for Health
and Energy Conservation (ASHRAE), Atlanta, GA Apr
86. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineer-
ing Research Lab.
The paper discusses the effects of ventilation rates
and product loading on organic emission rates from
particleboard. Recently, investigators have confirmed
the presence of varied and significant amounts of or-
ganic compounds in indoor environment, including
compounds known or suspected to be health hazards.
Identification of, sources of, mechanisms for entry into
the environment of, and techniques for control of spe-
cific chemicals have become important research
areas. For the particleboard tests, standard conditions
of 23 C and 50% relative humidity were maintained.
Concentrations of organic compounds detected are
presented. The relationship between increasing form-
aldehyde concentrations and decreasing emission
rates is discussed.
Keywords: 'Particle boards, "Ventilation, 'Environ-
mental surveys, Organic chemicals, Formaldehyde,
Building boards, Chemical analysis, 'Indoor air pollu-
tion, 'Air sampling, Building materials, Stationary
sources.
PB86-223054/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Stability of Polynuclear Aromatic Compounds
Collected from Air on Quartz Fiber Filters and
XAD-2 Resin. Rept. for 1 Oct 85-31 Mar 86,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
J. C. Chuang, S. W. Hannan, and J. R. Koetz. Jul 86,
26p EPA/600/4-86/029
Contract EPA-68-02-4127
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The objective of the project was to investigate the sta-
bility of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) col-
lected from ambient air on quartz fiber filters and XAD-
2 resin. Eight EPA medium volume samplers were set
up to collect ambient air for 24 hours at a 6.7 cfm flow
rate. Quartz fiber filters and XAD-2 resin were used to
collect particulate-bound and vapor-phase PAHs. The
results indicated that the levels of perdeuterated and
native PAHs on the XAD-2 resin were not adversely in-
fluenced by the storage time.
Keywords: 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, "Air
pollution, Environmental surveys, Particles, Vapors,
Performance, Chromatographic analysis, Stability, "Air
samplers, 'Particulate sampling, 'Pyrene/cyclopenta,
XAD-2 resin, Quartz fiber filters, Toxic substances.
PB86-223062/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Pilot Scale Studies of Closed-Loop Ash Sluicing,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
M. L. Owen, S. L. Winton, and J. W. Jones. Jul 86,29p
EPA/600/D-86/149
Contract EPA-68-02-3163
Presented at AlChE meeting, Boston, MA, 24-27 Aug
86. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineer-
ing Research Lab.
The paper discusses pilot scale studies of closed-loop
fly ash sluicing. Chemicals leached from fly ash in wet
sluicing systems can cause scaling of equipment if the
sluice water is recycled. A 50 gpm (190,000 cu cm/
min) pilot unit was tested at two power plants to evalu-
ate closed-loop operation, with and without sluice
water treatment. An ash sluice computer process
model was developed and proved accurate in predict-
ing the chemical composition and potential for scale
formation in the pilot unit.
Keywords: *Sluices(Concentrators), 'Fly ash, 'Coal,
'Water pollution control. Pilot plants, Steam electric
power generation, Mathematical models, Leaching,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), Comput-
ers.
PB86-223088/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Nitric Oxide Reduction In Kilns and Heaters by
Fuel/Air Staging,
KVB, Inc., Irvine, CA.
S. C. Hunter, R. J. Yang, and R. E. Hall. Jul 86,18p
EPA/600/D-86/151
Contract EPA-68-02-3690
Presented at Air Pollution Control Association annual
meeting (79th), Minneapolis, MN, Jun 86. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research
Lab.
The paper gives results of studies of the applicability
and effectiveness of fuel/air staging (variously called
In-furnace NOx Reduction, reburning, or biased firing)
in controlling nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from re-
finery process heaters and cement kilns. The studies
were conducted in three laboratory subscale furnaces
and during a short-term test on a full-scale cement kiln.
Test results showed that 80-85% reductions in stack
NOx emissions can be achieved by biased firing and
the optimum fuel split is around 50%. It was also found
that reductions in NOx were slightly more effective with
a retrofit lance approach.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxide(NO),
'Kilns, 'Heating equipment, Combustion products, Ex-
perimental design, Fuel air staging, Stationary sources.
PB86-223096/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Comparisons between MM5 (Modified M«thod 5),
OM7 (Oregon Method 7), and Draft ASTM Meas-
urements of Wood Stove Emissions,
Engineering-Science, Inc., Cary, NC.
R. C. McCriTlis, R. G. Merrill, P. R. Westlin, G. E. Weant,
and D. E. Wagoner. Jul 86,20p EPA/600/D-86/150
Contract EPA-68-02-3996
Prepared in cooperation with Radian Corp., Research
Triangle Park, NC. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper compares three candidate sampling meth-
ods-the EPA Modified Method 5 (MM5), the Oregon
Method 7 (OM7), and the ASTM proposed Method
P180--preparatory to selecting a wood stove operating
procedure and related emission sampling method
(NOTE: The EPA is developing a New Source Perform-
ance Standard for wood burning stoves. This is one of
several issues to be resolved during the development
process). Five wood stoves (two catalytic, one nonca-
talytic generic, one noncatalytic high efficiency, and
one catalytic fireplace insert) were tested. Results
showed good correlations between the emission
measurements obtained with each method.
Keywords: "Air pollution, Stoves, Combustion prod-
ucts, Performance, 'Wood burning appliances, Sta-
tionary sources, Air sampling.
PB86-223153/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Design Information Report: Belt Filter Presses.
Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Wakefield, MA.
May 86,10p EPA/600/M-86/011
Contract EPA-68-03-3208
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has under-
taken a program to help municipalities and engineers
avoid problems in wastewater treatment facility design
and operation. A series of Design Information Reports
is being produced that identifies frequently occurring
process design and operational problems and de-
scribes remedial measures and design approaches
which may be used to solve these problems. The
intent is not to establish new design practices, but to
concisely document improved design and operational
procedures that have been developed from field expe-
riences. With an increased emphasis being placed on
the problems of disposal of sludges from wastewater
treatment facilities, there has been a growing aware-
ness of improved efficiency and reliability in the per-
formance of in-plant sludge treatment processes.
Keywords: 'Design, 'Sewage treatment, "Municipali-
ties, Selection, Belts, Filter presses, Field tests, Oper-
ations, Performance evaluation, Cost analysis, Up-
grading.
PB86-223161/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Measurement of Gaseous Emission Rates from
Land Surfaces Using an Emission Isolation Flux
Chamber. User's Guide,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
M. R. Klenbusch. Feb 86, 58p EPA/600/8-86/008
Contract EPA-68-02-3889
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
A promising method for monitoring ground emissions
involves the use of an emission isolation flux chamber.
The method is simple, easily available, and inexpen-
sive. Applications would include RCRA and CERCLA
facilities. To date, a uniform method operations does
not exist. For this reason, an operations guide has
been developed. The guide presents literature sur-
veys, operation protocols, a case study, and refer-
ences for further reading.
Keywords: "Air pollution, Hazardous materials, Emis-
sion, Monitoring, Measurement, Monitors, Emission
isolation flux chamber, 'Gaseous wastes. Land dis-
posal.
PB86-224078/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Development of a Tank Test Method for a Nation-
al Survey of Underground Storage Tanks (Re-
vised Draft). Final rept. Jun 85-Jan 86,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
H. K. Wilcox, J. D. Flora, C. L. Haile, M. J. Gabriel, and
J. W. Maresca. May 86,300p EPA/560/5-86/014
Contract EPA-68-02-3938
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Toxic Substances.
Leaking underground storage tanks have become a
matter of national concern. Materials leaking from un-
derground tanks can pose a risk of groundwater con-
tamination and in the case of flammable materials, a
risk of fire or explosion. The United States Congress, in
recognition of this problem, mandated the Environ-
mental Protection Agency to develop regulations for
underground storage tanks containing motor fuels. As
a part of the regulatory process, EPA was mandated to
conduct a national survey of underground fuels stor-
age tanks. The objectives of the project were to evalu-
ate and select a suitable method for testing the tanks,
quantify the performance of the recommended
method, and develop a standard operating procedure
for tank testing for the national survey. The initial
phase of the project was a preliminary evaluation of
existing tank test methods by literature review and field
observation.
Keywords: 'Fuel storage, 'Underground storage,
'Fuel tanks, Leakage, Storage tanks, Tests.
PB86-224524/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Use of Molecular Reactivity Criteria to Predict
Toxicity of Xenobiotlcs,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
H. Weinstein, K. Namboodiri, R. Osman, M. N.
Liebman, and J. Rabinowitz. c1986,15p EPA/600/D-
86/146
Pub. in QSAR in Toxicology and Xanobiochemistry, v8
p451-463 1983. Prepared in cooperation with Mount
Sinai School of Medicine, New York.
The physicochemical basis lor mechanisms of action
of toxic xenobiotics is discussed in reference to theor-
etical methods that can be used to understand the re-
lation of toxicity to the structure of these chemicals.
Molecular properties that-determine the chemical re-
activity of the compounds are proposed as parameters
in the analysis of such structure-activity relationships
and as criteria for predicting potential toxicity. Special
attention is given to quantitative methods for structural
superposition of molecules and for superposition of
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
their reactivity characteristics, as well as to the quan-
tum mechanical methods for the calculation of molec-
ular properties that can serve as such reactivity crite-
ria. These approaches are illustrated by an application
to the comparison between the properties of pyridine,
which is toxic, and its 2.6-dimethyl derivative which ap-
pears to be devoid of similar toxic properties.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Criteria, Prediction, Reprints,
'Xenobiotics, "Molecular reactivity.
PB86-224532/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Comparison of Plasma Chollnesterase Depres-
sion Among Workers Occupatlonally Exposed to
Organophosphorus Pesticides as Reported by
Various Studies. Journal article,
Miami Univ., FL. School of Medicine.
R. C. Duncan, J. Griffith, and J. Konetal. C1986,13p
EPA/600/ J-86/106
Grant EPA-R-807051-01
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health,
v18 n1 p 1 -11 Jul 86. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A number of studies have reported on the inhibitory ef-
fects of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) on the
enzyme cholinesterase (ChE) among agricultural
workers. With the increasing use of OPs, surveys of
blood ChE activity on exposed workers may help to
identify workers at greatest risk and to provide insight
into the use history—e.g., mixing, loading, application,
and harvesting-that might lead to a hazardous situa-
tion. Although it does appear that measurements of
ChE activity are valuable in worker surveillance pro-
grams, it is difficult to interpret findings from various
studies since they are dependent on the method of
assay and the emphasis is usually placed on statistical
tests (i.e., p values) that depend on the number of sub-
jects studied. In the present paper a method is pre-
sented to compare ChE values reported in several
studies utilizing various methods and units of measure-
ment, and to assess the impact of OP exposure as a
percentage of subjects with ChE values depressed
below the normal limits.
Keywords: "Industrial medicine, "Cholinesterase,
"Pesticides, "Organic phosphorus compounds, En-
zymes, Erythrocytes, Bioassay, Exposure, Reprints,
"Toxic substances, "Cholinesterase inhibitors, Occu-
pational safety and health.
PB86-224540/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazardous Waste Destruction. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
E. T. Oppelt. 1986,9p EPA/600/J-86/107
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v20
n4p312-318 1986.
The paper profiles the current status of hazardous
waste thermal destruction in the United States, includ-
ing facilities and wastes typically handled. The results
of extensive EPA-sponsored performance tests are
presented for incinerators, industrial boilers, and in-
dustrial process kilns. Other aspects of thermal de-
struction are also addressed, including waste incinera-
bility ranking methods, emissions of potentially hazard-
ous products of incomplete combustion, and current
and future thermal destruction capacity.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Waste disposal,
"Incinerators, Waste treatment, Boilers, Kilns, Com-
bustion products, Environmental engineering, Air pol-
lution, "Air pollution control, Liquid waste disposal,
Solid waste disposal, US EPA.
PB86-224557/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Chlorine 'Disinfection' Chemistry of Aromatic
Compounds. Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocar-
bons: Rates, Products, and Mechanisms. Journal
Minnesota Univ.-Duluth. Dept. of Chemistry.
A R Ovler, R. J. Liukkonen, M. T. Lukasewycz, K. E.
Heikkila, and D. A. Cox. c1983,11 p EPA/600/J-83/
347
Grant EPA-R-806892	.
Pub in Environmental Science and Toxicology, v17 n6
P334-342 1983. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The use of chlorine for water renovation and disinfec-
tion has been questioned because of the reaction of
active chlorine species with organic compounds
present in water to form products that may be biologi-
cally harmful. Among the organic species known to be
present during chlorination are the polynuclear aro-
matic hydrocarbons (PAH), a class of ubiquitous com-
pounds that may be the precursors to at least a portion
of the undesirable products. In the present article the
authors will describe a detailed study of the kinetics
and product distributions of phenanthrene in the pH
range 3-10 and fluorene and fluoranthene in the pH
range 3-5.
Keywords: "Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, "Phen-
anthrene, "Fluorenes, Chemical reactions, Disinfec-
tion, Chlorination, Reprints, "Chemical reaction kinet-
ics, "Fluoranthene, pH value.
PB86-22456S/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Treatment Technologies for Hazardous Wastes.
Part 3. Treatment Technologies for Corrosive
Hazardous Wastes. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
H. P. Warner, and R. A. Olexsey. C1986, 9p EPA/600/
J-86/108
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v36
n4 p403-409 Apr 86.
In the paper, the authors present generation and treat-
ment information for corrosive hazardous wastes (EPA
Hazardous Waste Codes D002 and K062). The au-
thors discuss the state of the art for several treatment
trains used to process specific types of corrosive
waste. Treatment trains incorporate various unit proc-
esses selected from but not limited to the following:
neutralization, filtration, carbon adsorption, biological
oxidation, distillation, air flotation, and incineration.
Unit processes are selected to form trains according to
the corrosive characteristics of each individual waste
stream. The treatment processes discussed are pro-
posed to be used instead of landfills for disposal of
corrosive waste.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Waste treatment,
Corrosive gases, Corrosive liquids, Sludge disposal,
Reprints, "Solid waste disposal, "Liquid waste dispos-
al.
PB86-224573/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Changes in In vitro Brain and Spinal Cord Protein
Phosphorylation After a Single Oral Administra-
tion of Trho-Cresyl Phosphate to Hens. Journal ar-
ticle,
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC. Dept. of
Pharmacology.
S. E. Patton, D. M. Lapadula, J. P. O'Callaghan, D. B.
Miller, and M. 8. Abou-Donia. C1985,13p EPA/600/J-
85/431
Pub. in Jnl. of Neurochemistry, v45 n5 p1567-1577
May 85. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
The effect of a single oral 750 mg/kg dose of tri-o-
cresyl phosphate (TOCP) on the endogenous phos-
phorylation of brain and spinal cord proteins was as-
sessed in hens during the development of and recov-
ery from delayed neurotoxicity. Crude membrane and
cytosolic fractions were prepared from the brains and
spinal cords of control and TOCP-treated hens at 1, 7,
14, 21, 35, and 55 days after treatment. Brain and
spinal cord protein phosphorylation with (gamma-
32P)ATP was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-po-
lyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), autora-
diography, and microdensitometiv. TOCP administra-
tion conferred calcium and calmodulin dependence on
the phosphorylation of a few brain cytosolic proteins
and caused an increase in the phosphorylation of a
number of other cytosolic and membrane proteins.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Protein, In vitro analysis,
Brain, Spinal cord, Phosphorylation, Reprints, "Neuro-
toxicity, Tri-o-cresyl phosphate.
PB86-224581 /HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Monitoring Study of Urinary Metabolites and Se-
lected Symptomatology Among Florida Citrus
Workers. Journal article.
Miami Univ., FL. School of Medicine.
R. C. Duncan, and J. Griffith. c1985,15p EPA/600/J-
85/436
Grant EPA-R-807051-01
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health,
v16 n3/4 p509-521 Sep 85. Sponsored by Health Ef-
fects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A cross-sectional monitoring study was made of citrus
fieldworkers employed during an entire citrus growing
season in Florida. A survey questionnaire was adminis-
tered to 1811 fieldworkers employed as applicators,
mixers, loaders, tractor drivers, general combination
workers, and pickers on 436 citrus groves throughout
Florida. The study was designed to evaluate exposure
to organophosphorus pesticides by analyzing the urine
of citrus fieldworkers for dimethyl phosphate (DMP),
dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP), dimethyl dithiophos-
phate (DMDTP), diethyl phosphate (DEP), diethyl thio-
phosphate (DEPT), and diethyl dithiophosphate
(DEDTP), and to relate the findings to the reported oc-
currence of selected health symptoms associated with
pesticide intoxication. Urine samples were collected
for analysis from 332 spray-season workers and 265
harvest-season workers. Measurable DEP residue
values were found in 68% of the spray season workers
and 43% of the harvesters.
Keywords: "Industrial medicine, "Citrus industry, "Pes-
ticides, Phosphorus organic compounds, Florida,
Signs and symptoms, Surveys, Reprints, "Metabolites,
Urinalysis, Monitoring.
PB86-224599/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Demonstration of Multiple Antigenic Determinants
on 'Mycoplasma pneumoniae' Attachment Protein
by Monoclonal Antibodies. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
P. C. Hu, C. H. Huang, Y. S. Huang, A. M. Collier, and
W. A. Clyde. c1985, 7p EPA/600/J-85/435
Pub. in Infection and Immunity, v50 n1 p292-296 Oct
85. Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ.
at Chapel Hill.
Distinct multiple antigenic determinants of the attach-
ment protein of Mycoplasma pneumoniae have been
identified by limited proteolytic cleavage using specific
monoclonal antibodies. Western blots prepared from
the gels containing the cleaved fragments were
probed with antiserum against M. pneumoniae or mon-
oclonal antibodies. Five distinct bands with intact anti-
genic determinants were detected by the antiserum of
which two bands were each readable with two mono-
clonal antibodies. A sequential binding assay suggest-
ed that these monoclonal antibodies recognized differ-
ent antigenic sites of each band. These results demon-
strate the existence of multiple antigenic sites on at-
tachment protein and the described procedures
should prove useful tor identifying those antigenic sites
critical to the specific attachment of M. pneumoniae.
Keywords: "Antigens, "Protein, Immunology, Bacteria,
Reprints, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, "Monoclonal anti-
bodies.
PB86-224771/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Hazardous Waste Enforcement In Illinois. Annual
rept. (Final),
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Enforcement Programs.
J. Svoboda, and J. Muraro. Jul 66,108p IEPA/ENF/
82-020
A brief overview is provided of enforcement policies
and procedures by the Illinois Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, particularly as they Involve violations con-
cerning hazardous wastes or materials, and the vari-
ous enforcement options available to IEPA to secure
compliance.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Environmental pro-
tection, 'Illinois, Industrial wastes, Pesticides, Air pol-
lution, Water pollution, "Enforcement, Solid waste dis-
posal, Liquid waste disposal.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-224847/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (ROD) Annual
Report FY '85.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Jun 86,128p
The Record of Decision (ROD) process was very suc-
cessful in FY'85. A total of 64 RODs, three Enforce-
ment Decision Documents (EDDs) and one Negotia-
tion Decision Document (NDD) were approved. The
FY'85 RODs addressed a wide variety of technical
problems including area-wide ground water contami-
nation and compliance with other environmental laws.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Water pollution, National
government, Law enforcement. Decision making,
Water treatment. Hazardous materials, Incineration,
Waste disposal, Earth fills.
PB86-224854/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Leetown Pesticide Site, Jefferson County, West
Virginia, March 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
31 Mar 86,100pEPA/ROD/R03-86/022
The Leetown Pesticide site is located in northeast
West Virginia, approximately 8 miles south of Martins-
burg, West Virginia. The 'site' is actually composed of
a number of areas affected by surface disposal of pes-
ticides, agricultural use of pesticides, and landfilling. A
total of eight specific areas of waste disposal or accu-
mulation were identified during the initial Rl study. Of
these eight areas, two were the result of alleged dis-
posal of pesticide-contaminated debris from a fire that
occurred in 1975 at the Miller Chemical Company.
These two areas include the former pesticide pile and
the suspected pesticide landfarm areas. Four of the
contaminated areas are associated with former use of
the land for orchard production. The two remaining
sites are active landfills.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Pesticides, 'Water
pollution, Waste disposal, Farms, Fruit crops, Earth
fills, Soils, Organic compounds, Inorganic compounds,
West Virginia, Exposure, Excavation, Removal, Moni-
toring, Water wells, Ground water, Superfund.
PB86-224862/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Enforcement Decision Document (EPA
Region 4): Pepper's Steel and Alloys, Inc. Site,
Medley, Dade County, Florida, March 1986. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
12 Mar 86,42p EPA/ROD/R04-86/008
The Pepper's Steel and Alloys site occupies 30 acres
known as Tracts 44,45, and 46 in the Town of Medley,
Florida. Since the mid-1960s the Pepper's Steel site
has been the location of several businesses, many of
which are still operating onsite. Operations have in-
cluded the manufacture of batteries, pre-cast concrete
products and fiberglass boats, as well as the repair
arid service of trucks and heavy equipment. Also,
sandblasting and painting services, a concrete batch-
ing plant and an automobile scrap operation have
been or are located on the site. The contaminants that
have been identified within the soil, sediments, and
ground water in and around the site include PCBs, or-
ganic compounds and heavy metals such as: lead, ar-
senic, cadmium, chromium, copper, maganese, mer-
cury, zinc, and antimony. The selected remedial action
for this site includes: collection and offsite disposal of
all free oil according to TSCA regulations; excavation
of soils.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste dispos-
al, Organic compounds, Soils, Arsenic, Chromium,
Lead(Metal), Mercury(Metal), Transformers, Collecting
methods, Excavation, Chlorine organic compounds,
Biphenyl, 'Superfund, Heavy metals, Polychlorinated
biphenyls, Biphenyl/chloro.
PB86-224870/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region S):
Novaco Industries Site, Temperance, Michigan,
June 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
27 Jun 86,24p EPA/ROD/R05-86/032
Novaco Industries is a one-building facility that occu-
pies a 2.6-acre rectangular parcel of land, located at
9411 Summerfield Road, at the intersection of Sum-
merfield and Piehl, Temperance, Michigan. The site
lies 50 miles south of Detroit and 5 miles north of
Toledo, Ohio. A below-ground plating tank located
within the Novaco Industries building leaked an un-
known quantity of chromic acid into the ground water
on or before June 13, 1979. Within 24 days following
Novaco Industries detection of the leak, chromium
was discovered in Novaco's 20-foot well, as well as
the VFW Post's well which was screened in both the
shallow and deep aquifer. A year later, chromium was
detected in a residential well west of the VFW Post.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Hazardous materials,
'Water pollution, Chromium, Leakage, Water wells, In-
dustrial wastes, Aquifers, Industrial waste treatment,
Ion	exchanging,	Electrochemistry,
Reduction(Chemistry), Precipitation(Chemistry), Filtra-
tion, Michigan, Superfund.
PB86-224888/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
Cecil Lindsey Site, Newport, Arkansas, April 1986.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
23 Apr 86,61 p EPA/ROD/R06-86/009
The Cecil Lindsey site consists of 5.2 acres, located in
rural northeastern Arkansas, approximately 3.5 miles
northeast of the city of Newport. Cecil Lindsey accept-
ed waste for salvage and/or disposal from the early
1970s until 1980. The site was first used as a salvage
operation, where machinery, automobiles, culvert pipe,
and other scrap metal were collected. The southern
portion of the site was formerly used to raise pigs and
contains a fenced area, an open shed, and a sandpoint
well. Later, the northern part of the site was used as a
municipal dump by the community of Diaz. The results
of the field investigation indicate the presence of very
limited onsite soil and ground water contamination and
offsite surface water and sediment contamination.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste dispos-
al, 'Municipalities, Sites, Salvage, Metals, Automo-
biles, Swine, Ground water, Surface waters, Arkansas,
Superfund, Dumps.
PB86-224896/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 8):
Denver Radium Site Streets, Colorado, March
1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
24 Mar 86, 72p EPA/ROD/R08-86/004
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Denver Radium Site Streets is located in Denver, Colo-
rado. The operable unit is comprised of eight street
segments in the Cheesman Park area and one seg-
ment in the upper downtown area. The nine contami-
nated street segments are owned by the City and
County of Denver and extend approximately 4.5 miles
through largely residential areas. The Denver Radium
Site Streets contain a 4- to 6-inch layer of radium con-
taminated asphalt. The contaminated layer is under-
lain by compacted gravel road base and is usually
overlain by 4 to 12 inches of uncontaminated asphalt
pavement. There is an estimated 36.S00 cubic yards of
contaminated material covering approximately
832,000 square feet. The selected remedial action for
the site includes: leaving the contaminated material in
place: improving institutional controls; and removing
any contaminated material excavated during routine
maintenance, repair, or construction activities In the af-
fected streets to a facility approved for storage or dis-
posal of contaminated material.
Keywords: 'Radium, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste
disposal, 'Streets, Radioactive materials, Removal, Bi-
tuminous concretes, Construction materials, Removal,
Cost analysis, Storage, Colorado, Superfund.
PB86-224904/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Enforcement Decision Document (EPA
Region 10): Oueen City Farms Site, King County,
Washington (Initial Remedial Measure), October
1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
24 Oct 85,28p EPA/ROD/R10-85/007
The Oueen City Farms (QCP) site is a 320-acre parcel
of land located approximately 2.5 miles north of the
town of Maple Valley in King County, Washington. The
site includes a wooded area, a lake known as Queen
City Lake, six industrial waste disposal ponds, an air-
strip, several residences, and a gravel pit. The six
ponds on the site were used for the disposal of indus-
trial wastes from approximately 1955 to 1964. Howev-
er, in 1980 six waste ponds were sampled by EPA con-
tractors. The analyses of water, sludge, and sediment
samples identified the presence of 44 prioritypollu-
tants. Some of the contaminants found were: chromi-
um, lead, PCBs, acids, volatile organics, toluene and
trichloroethylene (TCE).
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
'Farms, 'Water pollution, Sampling, Chromium,
Lead(Metal), Acids, Chlorine organic compounds, Tol-
uene, Washington(State), Ethylene, Biphenyl, Aromat-
ic compounds, Ponds, Vegetation, Removal, 'Super-
fund, Ethylene/Trichloro, Biphenyl/Chloro.
PB86-224912/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
New Brighton/Arden Hills/St. Anthony Site, Min-
nesota (Alternate Water Supply), June 1986. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Jun 86,38p EPA/ROD/R05-86/033
See also PB85-213932.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The New Brighton/Arden Hills/St. Anthony site is lo-
cated approximately two miles north of the Twin Cities
of Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota, and is one of sev-
eral communities in the area which obtains its munici-
pal water supplies entirely from ground water re-
sources. In June 1981, the Minnesota Pollution Control
Agency (MPCA) and the Minnesota Department of
Health (MDH) detected organic solvent contamination
in the ground water used Tor municipal drinking water
in New Brighton. Prior to these findings, the City of
New Brighton had constructed and operated a total of
nine municipal wells. During this same period, several
Initial Remedial Measures (IRMs) were implemented at
the site. In 1983, granular activated carbon filters were
installed on two of New Brighton's wells (5 and 6) to
meet peak summertime demands.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Ground water,
'Water pollution, Water wells, Municipalities, Solvents,
Activated carbon treatment, Fluid filtration, Chlorine
organic compounds, Superfund, Ethylene/trichloro.
PB86-224920/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Taylor Borough Site, Lackawanna County, Penn-
sylvania (Second Remedial Action, March 1986).
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
17 Mar 86,16p EPA/ROD/R03-86/020
See also PB85-249597.
The Taylor Borough site is located in the Borough of
Taylor in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania. The site
Is an abandoned landfill located in a strip mine. Under-
lying the site is a series of underground mines. As a
result of the landfill operation, which ceased in 1968,
the topography of the site consists of relatively rolling
terrain between steep slopes of mine spoil piles and
unreclaimed strip mines. Additionally, the two subse-
quent sampling efforts that were attempted did not
identify any contamination. Since no release of site
contaminants to the ground water has been docu-
mented, there is no need for ground water remedial
action at this time; however, a monitoring program is
warranted to verify that no release is occurring.
Keywords: 'Strip mining, 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous ma-
terials^ 'Waste disposal, Ground water, Monitoring,
Water pollution, Pennsylvania, Superfund.
PB86-224938/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
Holllngsworth Solderless Terminal Company Site,
Fort Lauderdale, Florida, April 1986. Finalrept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
10 Apr 86, 53p EPA/ROD/R04-86/007
The.Hollingsworth Solderless Terminal Company
(HSTC) site is located in Fort Lauderdale, Broward
County, Florida. The 3.5-acre site was in operation
from 1968 until the company closed the facility on Oc-
tober 1, 1982. HSTC manufactured solderless electri-
cal terminals. The manufacturing process included
heat treatment in molten salts bams, degreasing, and
electroplating. For approximately eight years, HSTC
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
disposed of wash water and process wastewater con-
taminated with trichloroethylene (TCE), and/or heavy
metals into drainfields adjacent to the manufacturing
plant. Disposal practices at the site have been clearly
documented; however, the amounts of TCE disposed
of and the exact locations and duration of disposal
remain undocumented. The waste TCE was used both
as a degreasing solvent and for cleaning floors, equip-
ment, etc. Primary contaminants at the site include
TCE, vinyl chloride, trans-1,2-dichloroethene, and to a
lesser extent, nickel, tin, and copper.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Soils, "Water pollu-
tion, 'Solid waste disposal, Manufacturing, Electro-
plating, Electric terminals, Trichloroethylene, Metals,
Aeration, Chlorine organic compounds. Vinyl chloride,
Capitalized costs, 'Superfund, Heavy metals.
PB86-224946/HSU	PC E99
Criteria for Identifying Areas of Vulnerable Hydro-
geology under the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Jul 86, 535p-in 5v
Set includes PB86-224953 through PB86-224995.
No abstract available.
PB86-224953/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Criteria for Identifying Areas of Vulnerable Hydro-
geology under the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act: Statutory Interpretive Guidance.
Guidance Manual for Hazardous Waste Land
Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities. Interim
rept. (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
Jul 86, 71 p EPA/530/SW-86/022
See also PB86-224961.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB86-
224946.
In response to one of the requirements of Section
3004(o)(7) of RCRA, as amended by HSWA of 1984,
the guidance presents guidance criteria for identifying
areas of vulnerable hydrogeology. The guidance docu-
ment specifies a method for determining ground-water
vulnerability at hazardous waste facilities that requires
the calculation of the time of travel (TOT) of ground
water along a 100-foot flow line originating at the base
of a hazardous waste unit. Locations where the ground
water moves fairly rapidly (those with short (TOTs) are
considered more vulnerable than those with high
TOTs). In general, EPA uses 100 years as the criterion
for determining vulnerability; sites used for the dispos-
al of hazardous waste are vulnerable if the ground
water takes less than 100 years to travel 100 feet. The
TOT concept integrates various aspects of hydrogeo-
logy into a single measure that reflects the potential for
pollutant migration and exposure at a site. EPA devel-
oped the methodology for use with well-prepared,
complete permit application data. The methodology
depends heavily on the determination of effective po-
rosity, hydraulic gradient, and hydraulic conductivity.
Keywords: 'Hydrogeology, "Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, Criteria, Ground water, Fluid flow,
Travel time, Vulnerability, 'Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act, 'Environmental transport.
PB86-224961/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Criteria for Identifying Areas of Vulnerable Hydro-
geology under the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act. Appendix A. Technical Methods for
Evaluating Hydrogeologic Parameters. Interim
rept. (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Jul 86,48p EPA/530/SW-86/022A
See also PB86-224953 and PB86-224979.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB86-
224946.
Appendix A describes how to determine hydraulic con-
ductivitv, hydraulic gradient, and effective porosity. An
abbreviated version of EPA's Method 9100 is included
to supplement the hydraulic conductivity discussion.
Appendix A contains a detailed discussion on how to
consider seasonal fluctuations in hydraulic gradients
when calculating ground-water time-of-travel.
Keywords: "Hydrogeology, "Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal. Ground water, Travel time, Hydraulic
conductivity, Hydraulic gradient, Porosity, "Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act, "Environmental
transport.
PB86-224979/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Criteria for Identifying Areas of Vulnerable Hydro-
geology under the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act. Appendix B. Ground-Water Flow
Net/Flow Line Construction and Analysis. Interim
rept. (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Jul 86,116p EPA/530/SW-86/022B
See also PB86-224961 and PB86-224987.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB86-
224946.
Appendix B describes the construction of flow nets
and flow lines to characterize the flow paths of a site.
Most of the methods described are graphical; howev-
er, some numerical methods are discussed. The focus
of the appendix is on the construction of vertical flow
nets.
Keywords: "Hydrogeology, "Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, Criteria, Ground water, Fluid flow,
Travel time, Vulnerability, 'Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act, 'Environmental transport.
PB86-224987/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Criteria for Identifying Areas of Vulnerable Hydro-
geology under the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act. Appendix C. Technical Methods for
Calculating Time of Travel in the Unsaturated
Zone. Interim rept. (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Jul 86, 93p EPA/530/SW-86/022C
See also PB86-224979 and PB86-224995.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99. PB86-
224946.
Appendix C describes how to determine time of travel
in the unsaturated zone. Two general approaches are
used. One is the use of analytical solutions, appropri-
ate for simple systems, to determine steady state TOT.
The second approach involves the use of unsaturated
flow models.
Keywords: 'Hydrogeology, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Ground water, Fluid flow, Travel
time, Mathematical models, 'Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act, 'Environmental transport.
PB86-224995/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Criteria for Identifying Areas of Vulnerable Hydro-
geology under the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act. Appendix D. Development of Vul-
nerability Criteria Based on Risk Assessments
and Theoretical Modeling. Interim rept. (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Jul 86,207p EPA/530/SW-86/022D
See also PB86-224987.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB86-
224946.
Appendix D identifies the three routes of exposure to
contaminated ground water. It includes analysis of the
theoretical considerations affecting plume concentra-
tion, discharge, plume size, and TOT. Case studies are
used to illustrate the three exposure pathways and to
illustrate risk assessment methods.
Keywords: 'Hydrogeology. 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Ground water, Plumes, Water pollu-
tion, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, 'En-
vironmental transport, Risk assessment, Environmen-
tal exposure pathway.
PB86-225042/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA.
Proceedings: 1985 Joint Symposium on Station-
ary Combustion NOx Control. Volume 1. Utility
Boiler Applications,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA.
S. Peralo. Jul 86, 738p EPA/600/9-86/021 A,, EPRI-
CS-4360
Contract EPA-68-02-3695
See also PB86-225059 and DE81-803301. Sponsored
by Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA., and
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The two-volume proceedings document the more than
60 papers, describing recent advances in NOx control
technology, that were presented at the 1985 Joint
Symposium on Stationary Combustion NOx Control,
May 6-9,1985, in Boston, MA. The papers covered the
following topics: the status and history of international
NOx regulation, recent pilot- and full-scale technologi-
cal developments relating to combustion modifications
and flue gas treatment, boiler manufacturer updates
on recent commercial technologies for NOx emissions
control, fundamental combustion research, industrial
applications, and advanced power plant concepts.
There was also a summary session on the status of
furnace sorbent injection for S02 control. The two vol-
umes are entitled Utility Boiler Applications; and Indus-
trial Processes, Fundamental Studies, and Slagging
Combustors.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Meetings, "Electric
power plants, "Boilers, Combustion efficiency. Indus-
trial wastes, Combustion products, Flue gases. Com-
mercial buildings, Residential buildings, Regulations,
Field tests, Design, Performance, "Stationary sources,
Limestone injection, Acid rain, Low nitrogen oxides
concentration firing systems, Reburning processes,
Limestone injection multistage burners, Small sys-
tems.
PB86-225059/HSU	PC A18/MF AOt
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Proceedings: 1985 Joint Symposium on Station-
ary Combustion NOx Control. Volume 2. Industrial
Processes, Fundamental Studies, and Slagging
Combustors,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA.
S. Peralo. Jul 86,409p EPA/600/9-86/021 B,, EPRI-
CS-4360
Contract EPA-68-02-3695
See also PB86-225042. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab., and Electric
Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA.
The two-volume proceedings document is more than
60 papers, describing recent advances in NOx control
technology, that were presented at the 1985 Joint
Symposium on Stationary Combustion NOx Control,
May 6-9, 1985, in Boston, MA. The papers covered the
following topics: the status and history of international
NOx regulation, recent pilot- and full-scale technologi-
cal developments relating to combustion modifications
and flue gas treatment, boiler manufacturer updates
on recent commercial technologies for NOx emissions
control, fundamental combustion research, industrial
applications, and advanced power plant concepts.
There was also a summary session on the status of
furnace sorbent injection for S02 control. The two vol-
umes are entitled Utility Boiler Applications; and Indus-
trial Processes, Fundamental Studies, and Slagging
Combustors.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Meetings, 'Nitrogen
oxides, Combustors, Industrial waste, Flue gas, Com-
bustion, Boilers, Combustion efficiency, Standards,
Regulations, 'Stationary sources, Low nitrogen oxides
concentration firing systems, Reburning processes.
PB86-228396/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Strategies and Air Standards Div.
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse:
Ongoing Research and Regulatory Development
Projects. Interim rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. A. Bloomhardt, C. B. Brickley, and A. S. Pelland. Jun
86, 100p RAD-86-203-024-78-05, EPA/450/5-86/007
Contract EPA-68-02-3689
See also PB86-200466. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Strat-
egies and Air Standards Div.
The purpose of the document is to inform State and
local policy makers of current research and regulatory
development projects underway at EPA and the Na-
tional Institute of Occupational Safety and Health
(NIOSH), and to help them identify sources of specific
air toxics information. Every effort has been made to
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ensure accuracy as of March 1986, the date that com-
pilation of information was completed. However,
agency policies, priorities, and funding levels reflected
by the projects listed in the document may change af-
fecting estimated project completion dates and wheth-
er or not regulatory actions are finally taken.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Information sys-
tems, Airborne wastes, Research projects. State gov-
ernment, Local government, Water pollution, Regula-
tions, Manuals, "National Air Toxic Information Clear-
inghouse, "Toxic substances.
PB86-226776/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Report on an Investigation of Sediment Contami-
nation - The Milwaukee Estuary Wisconsin Sam-
pled July 29-31, 1980. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
A. G. Kizlauskas. Mar 86,62p EPA/905/4-86/001
Sediment samples were collected at 23 representative
locations in the Milwaukee Estuary, Wisconsin, July
29-31, 1980. Analyses of the samples showed high
concentrations of inorganic pollutants and heavy
metals, and detectable levels of a number of organic
priority pollutants. Contaminant concentrations are
generally highest in the upper sediment layers, indicat-
ing probably recent input of pollutants to the estuary.
Major source areas for various pollutants were identi-
fied.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Water pollution, "Milwaukee
Estuary, Metals, Organic compounds, Pesticides, Bi-
phenyl, Chlorine organic compounds, Sources,
Concentration(Composition), Industrial wastes, Meno-
monee River, Kinnickinnic River, Wisconsin, Biphenyl/
chloro.
PB86-226974/HSU	PC A13/MP A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
BACT/LAER (Best Available Control Technology/
Lowest Achievable Emission Rate) Clearing-
house: A Compilation of Control Technology De-
terminations. First Supplement to 1985 Edition.
Summary Tables and Appendices A-G. Final rept.,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
D. Dunbar, and G. Rust. May 86,277p EPA/450/3-85/
016-SUPPL-1
Contract EPA-68-02-3890
See also PB84-226752. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Emis-
sion Standards and Engineering Div.
The volume explains the history of the BACT/LAER
Clearinghouse, the background of the report format
development, and acknowledges the continued sup-
port and effort of STAPPA and ALAPCO members.
The volume contains three summary tables consisting
of: a list of new control technology determinations re-
ceived since May 1985, a list of all control technology
determinations that have been submitted, and a list of
control technology determinations for external com-
bustion sources (boilers). A detailed listing of source
type codes and abbreviations for process and emis-
sion limits are also shown. The volume contains the
detailed source listing for the determinations submit-
ted since May 1985. The detailed source listing nor-
mally contains the following information: source type
and size; company name and location; whether deter-
mination was BACT or LAER for new or modified
source; the person, agency and phone number that
made the determination; permit issue date; estimated
date of start-up; processes subject to this permit;
through-put capacity; pollutant(s) emitted; emission
limits; control equipment or process modification; a
section for notes; and review status dates.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, State government, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Scrubbers, Air
pollution control equipment, Electrostatic precipitators,
Tables(Data), Sources, Heating equipment, Licenses,
'Best technology, Baghouses.
PB86-227493/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Guide to EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)
Libraries and Information Centers (Seventh Edi-
tion).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Information Management andServices Div.
1986, 77p EPA/IMSD-86/004
See also PB80-226624.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is
comprised of a Headquarters Office in Washington,
D C., 10 Regional offices, and 13 specialized, scientific
laboratories located throughout the country. The EPA
libraries are located in Headquarters and all Regional
offices and laboratories to support this organizational
structure. The Guide provides background information
on the collections of each of the 28 libraries and the
wide range of general and specialized information
services provided to EPA staff and the general public.
Keywords: "Libraries, "Information centers, National
government, Sites, Coding, Librarians, "Environmental
Protection Agency.
PB86-229150/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Solidification and Thermal Degradation of TNT
Waste Sludges Using Asphalt Encapsulation.
Rept. for Jun 82-Jun 83,
Woodward-Clyde Consultants, Plymouth Meeting, PA.
E. K. Triegel, J. R. Kolmer, and D. W. Ouanian. Aug 86,
21p EPA/600/D-86/195
Contract EPA-68-03-2964
Prepared in cooperation with Foster-Miller Associates,
Inc., Waltham, MA. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
Research is being conducted to investigate closure
methods for lagoons containing TNT and RDX wastes
(pink water). Research has included (1) an evaluation
of existing asphalt encapsulation techniques for haz-
ardous wastes, (2) an evaluation of alternative heat-
ing/mixing systems, (3) review of the properties of vari-
ous asphalt products that may be used, (4) laboratory
experiments on the temperature and holding times re-
quired for thermal breakdown of the various com-
pounds present in the sludge, and (5) preliminary
design of a pilot mixer/heating system. A synthetic
sludge with physical properties similar to the actual
sludge will be used during the initial runs and during
modifications of the pilot system. Actual lagoon sludge
will be used in the field for the final testing.
Keywords: 'Trinitrotoluene, "Hazardous materials,
'Solid waste disposal, Asphalts, Heating, Mixing, En-
capsulating, Thermal degradation. Organic com-
pounds, Sludge, Pilot plants, Design, Explosives, Tem-
perature, Mixers.
PB86-229168/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Treatment Technologies for Hazardous Wastes.
Part 4. A Review of Alternative Treatment Proc-
esses for Metal Bearing Hazardous Waste
Streams. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
D. W. Grosse. 1986,13p EPA/600/J-86/119
See also PB86-224565. Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution
Control Association, v36 n5 p603-6l4 May 86.
The United States Congress and the U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency (EPA) believe that treatment and
recovery techniques should be given maximum priority
when considering methods for managing the Nation's
generated hazardous waste. A prohibition for the dis-
posal of certain categories of hazardous wastes either
directly onto or into the land without being treated to
an accepted degree prior to such disposal practice has
been promulgated. Wastes containing toxic metals
and cyanide complexes have been selected as a
group to be restricted. Due to the high generation rate
associated with this category, a Targe capacity of
waste treatment processing will be required. Existing
and emerging treatment alternatives which are or have
the potential to be employed for waste treatment of
metal bearing wastes are presented in the paper.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial waste
treatment, Cyanide, Metal complexes, Chemical analy-
sis, Reprints, 'Hazardous waste management, 'Toxic
substances, Heavy metals.
PB86-229176/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effect of an Ozone Injury Retardant Chemical on
Isozyme Profiles from Alfalfa Callus in vitro. Jour-
nal article,
Howard Univ., Washington, DC. Dept. of Botany.
J. P. Rier, V. K. Sood, A. Whitaker, and C. Watson.
c1983,7p EPA/60O/J-83/349
Grant EPA-R-806004
Pub. in Phytopathology, v73 n9 p1262-1266 1983.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Plant ozone injury retardant (EDU or ethylenediurea) at
1.0 ppm inhibited growth of callus of alfalfa cultivars
Williamsburg (ozone-sensitive) and MSB-
CW5An2(ozone-insensitive) germplasm of Medicago
sative. The presence of EDU(0.1 ppm) in growth
medium increased the number of protein and peroxi-
dase isozyme bands in alfalfa cultivar stem callus and
ozone modified their intensities. Protein profiles of
MSB stem callus from media containing EDU or ex-
posed to ozone were unchanged. Marked differences
were observed between the peroxidase profiles of
ozonated and control ozone-insensitive stem callus
from media containing EDU. Protein profiles of ozonat-
ed ozone-insensitive leaf callus differed slightly from
controls.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Retardants, "Plant growth,
"Forage grasses, Sensitivity, Organic compounds,
Proteins, Profiles, Peroxidases, Inhibition, Reprints,
"Alfalfa, Ethylenediurea.
PB86-229184/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Permit Guidance Manual on Hazardous Watte
Land Treatment Demonstrations. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Jul 86, 214p EPA/530/SW-86/032
Prepared in cooperation with Utah Water Research
Lab., Logan.
In response to RCRA, EPA issues permits for hazard-
ous waste land treatment facilities. RCRA standards
require that the owner or operator of a hazardous
waste land treatment facility demonstrate, prior to ap-
plication of the waste, that hazardous constituents in
the waste can be completely degraded, transformed,
or immobilized within the treatment zone, and that
human health and the environment are protected by
the design and operation strategy used for the waste
at the site. Successful performance of the land treat-
ment demonstration is required in order to obtain a
permit under 40 CFR Parts 264 and 270. The docu-
ment was prepared to give the applicant and the regu-
latory agency guidance on the information necessary
to assist in choosing and implementing the land treat-
ment demonstration approach.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Sewage treatment,
Manuals, Degradation, Public health, Design, Sites, Li-
censes, Soil properties, Vaporizing, Mathematical
models. Requirements, Profiles, Performance evalua-
tion, Land application.
PB88-229192/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Guidance Manual for Research Development, and
Demonstration Permits under 40 CFR Section
270.65. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
N Pomerleau, and A. Glazer. Jul 86, 78p EPA/530/
SW-86/008
The guidance manual provides information for RCRA
permit applicants and permit writers on preparing and
processing research, development, and demonstra-
tion permits for hazardous waste technologies and
processes. The manual also provides (1) criteria for
determining the eligibility of RD and D permits, (2)
types of permit application information, (3) types of
permit terms and conditions, and (4) roles of the State,
Permit Assistance Team, and the Office of Research
and Development in reviewing and processing these
permit applications.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Sewage treatment,
Licenses, Manuals, Laboratories, Pilot plants, State
government, Public health, Residues, Instructions, De-
contamination, 'Land application, Eligibility.
PB86-229812/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab.. Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Subchronic Toxicity of Tetrachloroethylane
(Perchloroethylene) Administered In the Drinking
Water of Rati. Journal article,
Medical Coll. of Virginia, Richmond. Dept. of Pharma-
cology and Toxicology.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
J R Hayes, L. W. Condie, and J. F. Borzelleca. C1986,
9p EPA/600/J-86/118
Grant EPA-R-808861
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, v7 n1
p119-125 Jul 86. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC,
The study provides data on the effects of tetrachlor-
oethylene in drinking solutions. The acute oral LD(50)
was determined in male and female Charles River rats
and found to be 3835 mg/kg for males and 3005 mg/
kg for females. Male and female rats received theoreti-
cal daily doses of 14,400 and 1400 mg tetrachloroeth-
ylene/kg bw/day for 90 consecutive days. There were
no compound related deaths. There were no consist-
ent dose related effects on any of the hematological or
urinalysis parameters. There were no gross pathologi-
cal effects observed. Liver and kidney ratios were ele-
vated at the higher doses. There was no apparent evi-
dence of accumulation. These data suggest that expo-
sure of humans to reported levels of tetrachloroethy-
lene in drinking water does not constitute a serious
health hazard.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Potable water, Hazardous mate-
rials, Exposure, Chlorine organic compounds, Water
pollution, Rats, Reprints, "Tetrachloroethylene, Ethyl-
ene/perchloro, Ingestion, Lethal doses.
PB86-229820/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Toxlcological Problems Associated with Chlorine
Dioxide. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
L. W. Condie. Jun 86, 8p EPA/600/J-86/117
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association, v78,
p73-78 Jun 86.
The author reviews and summarizes the toxicological
hazards associated with disinfecting drinking water
with either chlorine dioxide or chlorine. Adverse health
effects seen in animal experiments as well as human
poisoning incidents are reported. Toxicological effects,
which are associated with the disinfectants them-
selves as well as with the products formed when disin-
fectants react with organic material present in water,
are considered in the paper.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Chlorine, "Potable water, Disin-
fectants, Chemical reactions, Exposure, Byproducts
Reprints, "Health hazards, "Chlorine oxide(CI02),
"Toxic substances.
PB86-229838/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.
Development ot Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent
Assays for Residue Analysis of Diflubenzuron and
BAY SIR 8514. Journal article,
California Univ., Davis.
S. I. Wie, and B. D. Hammock. c1982,11 p EPA/600/J-
82/467
Grant EPA-R-806447
Pub. in Jnl. of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v30 n5
p949-957 Sep 82. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays
(ELISA's) were developed for the benzoylphenylurea
insect growth regulators (IGRs) diflubenzuron, BAY
SIR 8514, and some of their analogues. All three
ELISA's were based on antibodies raised against an
N-carboxypropyl hapten of diflubenzuron while a diflu-
benzuron phenylacetic acid derivative coupled to a dif-
ferent carrier than the immunizing antigen was used as
the coating antigen. One ELISA was sensitive for diflu-
benzuron, BAY SIR 8514, and closely related IGRs
while a second assay was sensitive for diflubenzuron
while demonstrating minimal cross-reactivity with BAY
SIR 8514. In a third case, rabbit anti-diflubenzuron IgG
was coupled to alkaline phosphatase, thus eliminating
one step in the classical ELISA. None of these assays
demonstrated significant cross-reactivity with the
benzamide, urea, phenylurea, or aniline components
of diflubenzuron or BAY SIR 8514. Each of the three
assays was shown to be as sensitive as the recom-
mended HPLC methodology for the analysis of diflu-
benzuron in water. Low cost was found to be a major
advantage of these solid-phase immunoassays over
classical procedures. (Copyright (c) 1982, American
Chemical Society.)
Keywords: "Insecticides, Nitrogen organic com-
pounds, Chemical analysis, Antibodies, Enzymes, Re-
prints, "Dimilin, ELISA(Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent
Assay),
Benzamide/(N-
((chlorophenyl)amino)carbonyl)-difluoro.
PB66-229846/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Simulated Acidic Rain on Yields of 'Ra-
phanus sativus', 'Lactuca sativa', 'Trltlcum aesti-
vum' and 'Medlcago sativa'. Journal article,
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY. Terrestrial and
Aquatic Ecology Div.
L. S. Evans, N. F. Gmur, and D. Mancini. C1982,12p
EPA/600/J-82/466
Pub. in Environmental and Experimental Botany 22, n4
p445-453 1982. Prepared in cooperation with Manhat-
tan Coll., Bronx, NY. Lab. of Plant Morphogenesis.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Experiments were performed to determine effects of
simulated acidic rain on radishes (Raphanus sativus),
wheat(Triticum aestivum) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa)
grown under greenhouse conditions. Experimental de-
signs allowed the detection of statistically significant
differences among means that differed by less than
10%. These results suggest that the efficiency of
radish foliage in increasing; root mass decreases with
increased rainfall acidity since only foliage was ex-
posed to the treatments.
Keywords: "Acidity, "Rainfall, "Vegetable crops,
'Forage crops, "Air pollution, Injuries, Vegetation, Sim-
ulation, pH, Wheat, Lettuce, Exposure, Yield, Green-
houses, Reprints, "Acid rain, Air pollution
effects(Plants).
PB86-229853/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
UV Damage and Photoreactivation Potentials of
Larval Shrimp, 'Pandalus platyceros', and Adult
Euphausiids, 'Thysanoessa raschii'. Journal article,
Washington Univ., Seattle. School of Oceanography.
D. M. Damkaer, and D. B. Dey. C1983,9p EPA/600/J-
83/351
Pub. in Oceologia (Berlin) 60, p169-175 1983. Pre-
pared in cooperation with National Marine Fisheries
Service, Seattle, WA. Northwest and Alaska Fisheries
Center. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
Previously reported thresholds for UV-B dose and
dose-rate were determined under artificial light re-
gimes using more than an order of magnitude less visi-
ble light than round naturally. Near-UV and/or visible
light is needed for photoreactivation and the accuracy
of earlier findings may have been influenced by less
than maximum photorepair in the laboratory. Experi-
ments with shrimp larvae and adult euphausiids, com-
paring survival at various UV-B doses and dose-rates
combined with different levels of near-UV and visible
irradiance, suggest that photorepair reaches maximum
levels at relatively low visible light intensities. Adult eu-
phausiids successfully avoided moderate UV-B com-
bined with visible light, but were attracted to and ulti-
mately killed by higher levels of UV-B irradiance would
become an important factor in a new solar spectral dis-
tribution caused by ozone depletion.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Ultraviolet radiation, "Shrimps,
"Aquatic animals, Dose rate, Abnormalities, Larvae,
Survival,	Light(Visible	radiation),
Tolerances(Physiology), Magnitude, Irradiance, Mor-
tality, Reprints.
PB86-229861/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Atrazine on Community Level Re-
sponses In Taub Microcosms,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
F. S. Stay, D. P. Larsen, A. Katko, and C. M. Rohm.
C1985,18p EPA/600/D-86/169
Pub. in American Society for Testing and Materials
Special Publication, Symposium on the Validation and
Predictability of Laboratory Methods for Assessing the
Fate and Effects of Contaminants in Aquatic Ecosys-
tems, n865 p75-90 1985.
As part of a study to evaluate laboratory toxicity
screening tests that include single species bioassays
and micrcosms, the authors examined community
level responses in Taub microcosms exposed to atra-
zine (60,100,200,500,1000, and 5000 micrograms/L),
a commonly used herbicide. Measurements of com-
munity metabolism included primary productivity, com-
munity respiration, primary production efficiency, &
productivity/respiration (Pn/Rni) ratios. These com-
munity measurements varied in their sensitivity to atra-
zine. Primary production efficiency (primary productivi-
ty per unit chlorophyll) appeared to be the most sensi-
tive measurement with greatly reduced efficiencies oc-
curing throughout the experiment at atrazine expo-
sures of 60 micrograms/L. The other community
measures appeared to be more sensitive to atrazine
during the interval when Daphnia magna populations
were highest, suggesting increased pressure by D.
magna on primary producers increased the sensitivity
of the test system to atrazine. All community metabo-
lism measurements of the microcosms exposed to
higher atrazine concentrations of 500, 1000, and 5000
micrograms/L differed from controls throughout the
experiment.
Keywords: "Herbicides, "Water pollution, Bioassay,
Pesticides,	Aquatic	biology]
Concentration(Composition), Sensitivity, Reprints,
"Atrazine, "Microcosms.
PB86-229879/HSU	PC A02/MF AOI
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
Effects of Ambient Sulfur Oxides and Suspended
Particles on Respiratory Health of Preadolescant
Children. Journal article,
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
J. H. Ware, B. G. Ferris, D. W. Dockery, J. D. Spengler
and D. O. Stram. c1986, 11 p EPA/600/J-86/113
Pub. in American Review of Respiratory Diseases,
v133 p834-842 May 86. Sponsored by Health Effects
Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The paper reports results from an ongoing study of
outdoor air pollution and respiratory health status of
children living in six cities in the eastern and midwest-
ern United States. The study enrolled 10,106 white
preadolescent children between 1974 and 1977 in
three successive annual visits to each city. Each child
received a spirometric examination and a parent com-
pleted a standard questionnaire. Of the cohort, 8,380
children were seen for a second examination one year
later. An air pollution monitoring program was begun In
each community at about the time of the first examina-
tion. For the report, measurements of Total Suspend-
ed Particulates (TSP), the sulfate fraction of TSP
(TS04), and sulfur dioxide (S02) concentrations at
study-affiliated outdoor stations were combined with
measurements at other public and private monitoring
sites to create a record of TSP and S02 concentra-
tions in each of 9 air pollution regions during the one-
year period preceding each examination and, for TSP,
during each child's lifetime up to the time of testing.
Keywords: "Children, "Toxicology, "Sulfur oxides,
"Particles, Respiratory system, Reprints, "Air pollution
effects(Humans).
PB86-229887/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Determination of Cyanide In Aluminum Industrial
Waste Water by Ion Chromatographic and Spec-
trophotometry Techniques. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
D. L. Wilson, H. B. Durham, and R. C. Thurnau. 1986,
6p EPA/600/J-86/111
Pub. in LC.GC, v4 n6 4p Jun 86.
Ion chromatography, coupled with electrochemical de-
tection, was applied in determining cyanide concentra-
tions in the waste waters generated by the processing
of calthode electrodes in the aluminum industry. Ion
chromatography data were compared with the results
obtained from conventional spectrophotometric tech-
niques. The ion chromatography data were found to be
statistically bias high.
Keywords: "Cyanides, "Aluminum industry, "Water
pollution, Industrial wastes, Ions, Chromatographic
analysis, Electrochemical cells, Spectrophotometry,
Detection, Reprints.
PB86-229895/HSU	PC A02/MF AOI
Postnatal Alterations in Development Resulting
from Prenatal Exposure to Pesticides,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.	*
R. J. Kavlock, J. M. Rogers, L. E. Gray, and N.
Chernoff. Aug 86,15pEPA/600/D-86/173
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Alterations in the developmental processes of em-
bryos resulting from exposure to chemicals are not lim-
ited to morphological abnormalities that can be ob-
served in the near term fetus. In the research on the
developmental toxicology of pesticides the authors
have noted morphological defects (cataracts, ablation
of Harderian gland development, malformation of the
otoliths) in postnatal offspring exposed prenatally that
could not be detected in fetal examinations because of
the immature nature of these structures at that stage
of development. In addition, other effects on physio-
logical functions have been detected (locomotor hy-
peractivity, and decreased renal concentrating ability)
that have no obvious morphological basis. Thus, a
postnatal component of a standard teratology bioas-
say can yield critical new information in the overall as-
sessment of developmental toxicity.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxicology, "Embryos, Expo-
sure, Pregnancy, Morphology, Postnatal alterations.
PB86-229903/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Occurrence of Acid Precipitation on the West
Coast of the United States. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
C. F. Powers, and D. L. Rambo. C1981,15p EPA/600/
J-81/700
Pub. in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 1,
p93-105 1981. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop
Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
Compilation of published and unpublished data shows
acid precipitation to be more widespread in the Pacific
coastal states than is generally recognized. Although
information is scattered and discontinuous, precipita-
tion is definitely acidic in the Los Angeles Basin and
north-central California and in the Puget Sound region
in Washington. Acid rain occurrences have been ob-
served in western and eastern Oregon, but data are in-
adequate for regional generalization. New stations cur-
rently being established in Washington and Oregon,
largely in response to the recently renewed activity of
Mount St. Helens, will greatly facilitate assessment of
precipitation acidity in the Northwest. (Copyright (c)
1981 by D. Reidel Publishing Co.)
Keywords: 'Acidification, "Air pollution,	"Coasts,
Puget Sound, Los Angeles Basin,	Oregon,
Washington(State), Lakes, Reprints, "Acid	precipita-
tion.
PB86-230042/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Anaerobic Transformation Processes: A Review
of the Microbiological Literature,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
J. E. Rogers. Aug 86,69p EPA/600/3-86/042
The purpose of the review is to evaluate and summa-
rize available information about the role of microorga-
nisms in the anaerobic transformation of xenobiotic
compounds in natural environments. The review fo-
cuses on the anaerobic transformation of xenobiotic
compounds and natural structural analogs. A discus-
sion of the anaerobic degradation of benzoate is used
to introduce the anaerobic microorganisms important
to the degradation of xenobiotics in the environment.
This is followed by a review of the degradation of sev-
eral compound classes including hydroxy and methoxy
substituted and lignoaromatic compounds, halogenat-
ed aromatic and aliphatic compounds, aromatic and al-
iphatic hydrocarbons, nitrogen containing compounds,
and ether linked compounds. A comprehensive list of
compounds known to be degraded under anaerobic
conditions is presented in tabular form. A brief discus-
sion of environmental factors that may affect anaero-
bic degradation processes is presented along with a
review of methods important to measuring the rate of
disappearance of xenobiotics in environmental sam-
ples.
Keywords: "Chemical effluents, "Ground water,
"Microorganisms, Bacteria, Terrestrial ecosystems,
Degradation, Chemical compounds, Interactions, Liter-
ature surveys, "Toxic materials, Anaerobic conditions,
"Xenobiotic compounds.
PBB8-230059/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Ozone Disinfection and Color Removal In
Wastewater. Final rept.,
Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts, Whittier, CA.
H. B. Gan. Jul 86,103p EPA/600/2-86/065
Contract EPA-14-12-150
Sponsored by Municipal Environmental Research
Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Various ozone contacting systems were evaluated. A
sparger incorporated into a six-stage contacting
system was found to be the most practical system.
Over 80 percent ozone transfer efficiency was ob-
tained in secondary effluent with an applied ozone
dosage of 50 mg/l. Despite efficient mass transfer with
the system, an ozone consumption in excess of 50
mg/l was found to be necessary to accomplish the dis-
infection goal of 2.2 MPN/100ml effluent. The color
goal of 10 units was achieved at an ozone dose of 10
mg/l. The use of carbon filtration prior to ozonation re-
duced the ozone dosage required for adequate disin-
fection to as low as 1 mg/l. Pretreatment of the sand
and carbon filters was also briefly investigated.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Disinfection, "Sewage treatment,
Dosage, Ozonization, Color, Carbon, Filtration, Sand
filters, Waste water, Removal, Flow charts, Nitrifica-
tion, Viruses, Oxidation, Performance evaluation, Sec-
ondary treatment.
PB86-230075/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Microprocessor Control of Rotogravure Airflows.
Final rept. Mar-Jul 85,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
D. R. Rosen, and M. R. Wool. Aug 86,56p EPA/600/2-
86/068
Contract EPA-68-02-3993
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report discusses the technical and economic via-
bility of using micro-processor-based control technolo-
gy to collect volatile organic compound (VOC) emis-
sions from a paper coating operation. The micro-
processor-based control system monitors and controls
both the airflow rate and vapor concentration level
within the printing press dryers. It incinerates the VOC
emissions in the plant's existing steam boiler and also
saves energy by reducing the amount of dryer and
room air that must be heated. The general concept,
performance levels, and economic parameters of the
evaluated VOC control system demonstrate the poten-
tial advantages of the technology for a wide range of
applications. Three methods were considered to col-
lect and destroy VOC emissions for the rotagravure
operation: solvent recovery, thermal destruction in a
dedicated incinerator, and thermal destruction in an
existing onsite boiler. For the evaluated system, the
use of the existing boiler is the best option even
though equipment nad to be added to collect, trans-
port, and control the rotagravure airflows.
Keywords: "Paper coating processes, Air pollution
control, Air pollution control equipment, Economic
analysis, Environmental impacts, Monitoring, "Rota-
gravure, 'Volatile organic compounds. Computerized
control systems, Stationary sources, Microprocessors.
PB86-230083/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Identification, Assessment, and Control of Fugi-
tive Particulate Emissions. Final rept. Apr 83-Apr
86,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
C. Cowherd, and J. S. Kinsey. Aug 86,182p EPA/600/
8-86/023
Contract EPA-68-02-3922
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search'Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The technical manual, designed to assist national,
state, and local control agency personnel and industry
personnel in evaluating fugitive emission control plans
and in developing cost-effective control strategies, de-
scribes the identification, assessment, and control of
fugitive particulate emissions. The manual's organiza-
tional structure follows the steps to be taken in devel-
oping a cost-effective control strategy for fugitive par-
ticulate emissions. The procedural steps are the same
whether the sources of interest are within a specific in-
dustrial facility or distributed over an air quality control
jurisdiction, the manual summarizes the quality and
extent of published performance data for control sys-
tems applicable to open dust sources and process
sources. In addition to presenting a cost analysis
methodology, the manual identifies primary cost ele-
ments and sources of cost data and presents a fully
worked industrial example of cost-effective control
strategy development.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Particles, Cost analysis,
Aerosols, Concentration(Composition), Manuals, "Fu-
gitive emissions, "Particulate sampling, Stationary
sources.
PB86-230091/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Gridded Precipitation Bias on Wet Dep-
osition Predictions,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
T. L. Clark, R. L. Dennis, D. Palka, M. P. Olson, and E.
C. Voldner. Aug 86,17p EPA/600/D-86/171
Prepared in cooperation with Program Resources, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC., and Atmospheric Envi-
ronment Service, Downsview (Ontario).
Spatially averaged precipitation amounts are used by
many regional models to predict sulfur wet deposition
amounts across the same grid cells. Gridded precipita-
tion amounts routinely calculated by the CMC were
compared to 1980 seasonal and annual precipitation
amounts at 41 to 60 precipitation chemistry sites in
eastern North America. For each period, the mean
gridded amounts were found to be lower than the
mean amounts at the sites, as much as 22.9%. To
assess the effects of this bias in the gridded precipita-
tion amounts on the predictions of sulfur wet deposi-
tion amounts, 1980 weekly predictions of the Atmos-
pheric Environment Service LRT Model at 18 eastern
North American grid cells were recalculated using site
precipitation amounts.
Keywords: "Sulfur, "Precipitation(Meteorology),
"Weather forecasting, Statistical analysis, Regional
planning, Mathematical models, Periodic variations,
Grids(Coordinates), Volume, Seasonal variations,
Sulfur dioxide, Oxides, Sites, Surveys.
PB86-230109/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Multistaged Burner Design for In-Furnace NOx
Control,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. A. Mulholland, and R. K. Srivastava. Aug 86,28p
EPA/600/D-86/172
Prepared in cooperation with Acurex Corp., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
The paper gives results of an evaluation of a multis-
tage combustion modification design, combining two
advanced NOx control technologies, on a pilot-scale
(0.9 MW) package boiler simulator for in-furnace NOx
control of high nitrogen fuel combustion applications.
A low NOx precombustion chamber burner, which has
been reduced in size (to provide a 350 msec bulk gas
residence time) to improve commercial applicability, is
being used with 10-20% natural gas reburning, in
whlcn staged fuel and air are introduced at the boiler
front face to reduce boiler modification requirements.
Parametric test results thus far indicate that NOx emis-
sion levels can be maintained at less than 0.2 lb (cal-
culated as N02) per million Btu, or about 150 ppm (dry,
at zero % 02), for primary fuel mixtures with up to 4%
fuel nitrogen dopant. Gaseous and liquid fuels, with
ammonia and pyridine dopants used to simulate fuel
nitrogen, are being tested. The ongoing EPA program
to further optimize burner design and operating condi-
tions is discussed.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Nitrogen oxides,
Boilers, Burners, Design, Performance, "Staged com-
bustion, Stationary sources.
PB86-230117/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effecta of Low pH on Reproduction of Rainbow
Trout. Journal article,
Oregon Cooperative Fishery Research Unit, Corvallis.
G. S. Welner, C. B. Schreck, and H. W. Li. C1986,10p
EPA/600/J-86/112
Pub. in Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
115, p75-82 1986. Sponsored by Corvallis Environ-
ments Research Lab., OR.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Reproduction of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri in
acidic water was studied. Adults were exposed to
waters of pH 4.5, 5.0, or 5.5 during the final 6 weeks of
reproductive maturation; control acidities were pH 6.5-
7.1. Progeny of acid-exposed females and control
males had reduced survival through 7 d of develop-
ment, hatching, and yolk-sac absorption, demonstrat-
ing that oogenesis is sensitive to acidic conditions.
Similar reductions in the survival of the progeny of
acid-exposed males and control females indicate the
sensitivity of spermatogenesis to low ambient pH.
Among the progeny of unexposed adults, survival
through 7 d of development and hatching was lower
during rearing at pH 4.5, 5.0, or 5.5 than at pH 6.5-7.1.
Keywords: "Acidity, 'Trout, 'Water pollution,
Reproduction(Biology), Exposure, pH, Maturation, Sur-
vival, Sensitivity, Germ cells, Reprints, 'Salmo gaird-
neri, Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB86-23012S/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Microbial Response to Acid Deposition and Ef-
fects on Plant Productivity,
California Univ., Berkeley. Dept. of Plant and Soil Biol-
ogy.
M. K. Firestone, J. G. McColl, K. S. Killham, and P. D,
Brooks. C1984, 16p EPA/600/D-86/159
Pub. in Acid Precipitation Series: Direct and Indirect Ef-
fects of Acidic Deposition on Vegetation, v5 ch5 p51-
63 1984. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
The work reported here focuses on the effects of acid
deposition on nitrification, denitrification and N2 fixa-
tion associated with plant roots and nitrification and
denitrification in surface soil. Simulated acid precipita-
tion of pH 2.0, 3.0,4.0 and 5.6 was employed. The pur-
pose of the extreme treatments (pH 2.0 and 3) was not
to directly simulate ambient rates but rather to identify
thresholds at which effects may begin to occur. It was
then attempted to assess whether these thresholds
may be reached in natural terrestrial systems.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Soil microbiology, 'Plant
ecology, 'Air pollution, Production, Nitrification, Nitro-
gen fixation, pH, Assessments, Reprints, Acid precipi-
tation, Denitrification, Air pollution effects(Plants).
PB86-230133/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Chronology, Magnitude and Paleolimnologlcal
Record of Changing Metal Fluxes Related to At-
mospheric Deposition of Acids and Metals In New
England,
Maine Univ. at Orono.
J. S. Kahl, S. A. Norton, and J. S.Williams. C1983,16p
EPA/600/D-86/160
Pub. in Acid Precipitation Series: Geological Aspects
of Acid Deposition, v7 ch2 p23-35 1983. Sponsored by
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Zinc and lead concentrations and deposition rates in
sediments of three New England lakes began increas-
ing (but at different rates) ca. 1860-1880. Maximum
concentration increases range from 2 to 10 times
background. Sediment concentrations of Ca and Mn
decline concurrently with the increase in heavy metals.
These processes are attributed to increased loading of
metals and acids from precipitation since that time.
Maximum deposition rates of Pb and Zn range from 1
to 3 micrograms/sq cm/gr for the three lakes.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Sediments, "Air pollution,
'Lakes, 'Paleontology, Zinc, Lead(Metal),
Concentration(Composition), Calcium, Magnesium,
Deposition, Sodium, Potassium, Availability, pH,
Ground water, Leaching, Reprints, 'Acid precipitation,
Heavy metals, New England.
PB86-230307/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Fiber Optic Point Quadrat System for Improved
Accuracy in Vegetation Sampling. Journal article,
Utah State Univ., Logan.	„	....
M M. Caldwell, G. W. Harris, and R. S. Dzurec. c1983,
4p EPA/600/J-83/350
Pub"*iOecoIog?a1 ^Berlin) 59, p417-418 1983. Spon-
sored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
An automated, fiber optic point quadrat system for
vegetation sampling is described. Because the effec-
tive point diameter of the system never exceeds 25um
it minimizes the substantial errors which can arise with
conventional point quadrats. Automatic contact detec-
tion eliminates operator subjectivity, and permits work
in dense canopies. Additionally, sampling speed is in-
creased over that of conventional systems. (Copyright
(c) Springer-Verlag 1983.)
Keywords: 'Fiber optics, 'Vegetation, Nondestructive
testing, Area, Sampling, Productivity, Insects, Ecology,
Automation, Reprints, Plant canopies, Habitats.
PB86-230315/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Synthesis of Haptens and Potential Radioligands
and Development of Antibodies to Insect Growth
Regulators Dlflubenzuron and BAY SIR 8514. Jour-
nal article,
California Univ., Davis.
S. I. Wie, A. P. Sylwester, K. D. Wing, and B. D.
Hammock. C1982,8p EPA/600/J-82/468
Grant EPA-R-806447
Pub. in Jnl. of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v30 n5
p943-948 1982. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A variety of synthetic approaches were undertaken,
leading to potential haptens and radioligands for the
benzoylphenylurea insect growth regulators difluben-
zuron and BAY SIR 8514. One successful approach in-
volved derivatization of the aniline nitrogen by ethyl 4-
bromobutyrate followed by reaction with an appropri-
ate isocyanate and cleavage of the ethyl ester to yield
a free carboxypropyl 'handle'. Useful haptens were
also synthesized by using a 3'-phenolic metabolite of
diflubenzuron as well as acetate and amine functionali-
ties in the 4' position while the N-sulfenyl bond proved
too unstable for use as an antigen.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, "Growth regulators,
'Insects, Anilines, Nitrogen, Chemical reactions, Bro-
mine organic compounds, Butyrates, Esters, Ethyl ac-
etate, Metabolism, Antibodies, Reprints, 'Difluben-
zuron, Bay Sir 8514, Haptens.
PB86-230844/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Treatability of Water Soluble Azo Dyes by the Ac-
tivated Sludge Process. Rept. for May 85-Jul 86,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
G. M. Shaul, R. J. Lieberman, C. R. Dempsey, and K. A.
Dostal. Aug 86,22p EPA/600/D-86/167
Prepared in cooperation with Cincinnati Univ., OH.
Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA)
Office of Toxic Substances (OTS) evaluates submis-
sions to the Premanufacture Notification process
under section 5 of the Toxic Substances Control Act.
Azo dyes constitute a significant portion of these sub-
missions. OTS is concerned because some of the
dyes, dye precursors or their degradation products
such as aromatic amines, which are also dye precur-
sors, have been shown to be, or are suspected to be,
carcinogenic. Therefore, EPA's Water Engineering Re-
search Laboratory, Office of Research and Develop-
ment has an ongoing study to determine the fate of
specific water soluble azo dye compounds in the acti-
vated sludge process.
Keywords: 'Activated sludge process, 'Sewage treat-
ment, Azo dyes, Dosage, Degradation, Amines, Car-
cinogens, Pilot plants.
PB86-230851/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of Performance Characteristics of
Emissions from Hazardous Waste Incinerators
with a Mobile Laboratory,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
S. L. Nolen, and M. D. Jackson. Aug 86,17p EPA/600/
D-86/168
The paper discusses the evaluation of performance
characteristics of emissions from hazardous waste in-
cinerators with a mobile laboratory. Incinerators are
permitted, under RCRA, to burn hazardous waste. Be-
cause of the interest in monitoring incinerator perform-
ance on a real-time basis, the EPA designed and built
a mobile laboratory tor on-site monitoring of hazardous
waste incinerator emissions and operating param-
eters. The result, the Hazardous Air Pollutants Mobile
Laboratory (HAPML), is equipped with monitors for on-
line analysis of inorganic and organic stack gas emis-
sions. The HAPML has demonstrated its usefulness in
a field test of an industrial boiler co-firing hazardous
waste. The field test showed that combustion efficien-
cy (CE) may have potential for use as an incinerator
performance indicator.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Incinerators, 'Air
pollution sampling, Waste disposal, Carbon monoxide,
Laboratories, Mobile equipment, Airborne wastes,
Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Carbon dioxide, Field
tests, 'Combustion efficiency, Monitoring, Stationary
sources.
PB86-230869/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Acid Precipitation on Microbiological
and Chemical Parameters In Soils: The Florida Ex-
perience,
Florida Univ., Gainesville.
G. Bitton, B. G. Volk, D. A. Graetz, and G. E. Byers.
C1983,16p EPA/600/D-86/162
Pub. in Developments of Ecology and Environmental
Quality, v2 p177-189 1983. Sponsored by Corvallis En-
vironmental Research Lab., OR.
The effects of acid precipitation on microbiological and
chemical parameters in soils were investigated under
field conditions. The study site consisted of three tran-
sects, each including three 75 sq. m. plots. One tran-
sect served as a control, the second one was irrigated
with acid rain at pH 3.7 and the third one received acid
rain at pH 3.0. Acid rain did not significantly alter
enzyme activity, except for protease activity which in-
creased at pH 3.0. Soil respiration was not significantly
altered by acid treatment. However, nitrification rate
was significantly reduced by acid precipitation at 3.7
and 3.0. Acid rain did also lead to substantial leaching
of divalent cations such as Ca2, and Mg2 but did not
affect the transport pattern of monovalent cations
such as K + .
Keywords: 'Soil microbiology, 'Acidification, 'Air pol-
lution, 'Water pollution, Irrigation. Enzymes, pH, Nitrifi-
cation, Leaching, Calcium, Magnesium, Ions, Sites,
Respiration, 'Acid precipitation.
PB86-230877/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Toxicity of Fenvalerate to Developing Steelhead
Trout Following Continuous or Intermittent Expo-
sure. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
L. R. Curtis, W. K. Seim, and G. A. Chapman. c1985,
15p EPA/600/J-85/444
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health
15, p445-457 1985. Prepared in cooperation with
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Fisheries and
Wildlife.
Environmental toxicant exposures commonly vary in
terms of duration and concentration. However, labora-
tory toxicity tests usually entail continuous exposures
to constant concentrations. The authors compared
survival, growth, and toxicant accumulation in early
life-stage steelhead trout intermittently or continuously
exposed to fenvalerate (FV) for 70 d after fertilization.
Acute lethality was assessed in ancillary 96-h LC50
determinations with juvenile fish. Intermittent expo-
sures were daily 4.5-h introductions of toxicant, and
continuous exposures were to constant concentra-
tions. All tests were conducted in a flow-through dilu-
tion apparatus, and mean concentrations for the entire
exposure period were calculated for comparisons be-
tween regimens. (Copyright (c) 1965 by Hemisphere
Publishing Corporation.)
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Trout, 'Insecticides, Water, Ex-
posure, Mortality, Concentration(Composition), Tests,
Accumulation, Reprints, Pyridin, Benzene acetic acid/
cyano(Phenoxyphenyl)-methyl-chloro(Methylethyl), LC
50.
PB86-231073/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Control of Sulfur Emissions from Oil Shale Retort-
ing Using Spend Shale Absorption. Journal article,
J and A Associates, Inc., Golden, CO.
K. D. van Zanten, G. R. Chiaramonte, and E. R. Bates
cl 986,9p EPA/600/J-86/115
Contract EPA-69-03-1969
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pub. in Environmental Progress, v5 n2 p88-94 May 86,
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper gives results of a detailed engineering eval-
uation of the potential for using an absorption on spent
shale process (ASSP) for controlling sulfur emissions
from oil shale plants. The evaluation analyzes the po-
tential effectiveness and cost of absorbing S02 on
combusted spent shale in either a fluidized-bed com-
bustor (FBC) or a fluidized transport system (lift pipe)
for three retorting processes: Lurgi (lift pipe), Union C
(FBC), and Modified In-Situ (FBC). Conceptual designs
were completed for the three retorting processes, and
the costs of removing S02 by the ASSP approach
were compared to the costs of removing either H2S
(including other sulfur species such as mercaptans
and thiophenes) or S02 by the leading conventional
sulfur removal processes. A number of significant
process variables were identified and evaluated in the
study. Study results indicate that ASSP is technically
and economically viable compared to conventional
technologies for most retorting processes.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Sulfur oxides, "Oil
shale, Desulfurization, Hydrogen sulfide, Cost analysis,
Design, Sulfur dioxide, Reprints, Retorting, Spent
shales.
PB86-231081/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Analytical Methods for Determination ot Selected
Principal Organic Hazardous Constituents In Com-
bustion Product*. Journal article,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
R. E. Adams, R. H. James, L. B. Farr, M. M. Thomason,
and H. C. Miller. C1986,8p EPA/600/J-86/116
Contract EPA-68-02-3696
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v20
n7 p711-716 1986. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper gives an overview of generalized analytical
procedures for determining designated principal or-
ganic hazardous constituents (POHCs) in combustion
products; it also gives some examples of the tech-
niques used for compounds such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlor-
odibenzodioxin, selenourea, and several organo-ar-
senicals. Emissions from hazardous-waste combus-
tion must be monitored to determine the destruction
removal efficiency (DRE) for each designated POHC.
Analytical methods for more than 150 POHCs have
been reviewed. A generalized HRGC/LRMS method
to determine volatile, thermally stable POHCs has
been developed. A method based on HPLC with UV
detection has also been developed to provide an alter-
native for determining nonvolatile or thermally labile
compounds. The generalized methods are applicable
to many compounds, but specific POHCs may require
variations in GC/MS or HPLC procedures. Inclusion in
the paper does not mean that the sampling or analysis
method is an official EPA method.
Keywords: "Combustion products, "Chromatographic
analysis, "Hazardous materials, Incinerators, Chemi-
cal analysis, Gas chromatography, Mass spectrosco-
py, Organometallic compounds, Reprints, 'Principle
organic hazardous constituents, Dibenzodioxin/tetra-
chloro, Urea/seleno, Air pollution control.
PB86-231214/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Disposal Methods: Landfills, Geologic Formation*,
Chemical Stabilization, and Chemical Treatment,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
R. D. Hill. Aug 86, 35p EPA/600/D-86/170
The section will deal with four hazardous waste dis-
posal options, i.e., landfills, geologic formations, chem-
ical stabilization, and chemical treatment. Landfilling
has been the traditional method of disposing of haz-
ardous waste. Improper land disposal has led to nu-
merous cases of ground- and surface-water pollution.
As a result of environmental damages created by
poorly designed landfills, Congress placed stringent
crttena on landfills when it passed 'The Hazardous and
Solid Waste Amendments of 1984.' For this chapter,
geologic formation disposal will include the placement
of hazardous waste In infection wells, salt formations,
and underground mines. Chemical stabilization/solidi-
fication will include processes that reduce the hazard
potential of a waste by converting the contaminants
into their least soluble, mobile, or toxic form. Chemical
treatment comprises a set of technology tools used to
prevent the release of hazardous materials into the en-
vironment.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Earth fiils, 'Waste
disposal, 'Water pollution, Geologic structures,
Ground water, Surface waters, Injection wells. Chemi-
cal removal(Sewage treatment).
PB86-231222/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Status Report on Acid Precipitation and Its Bio-
logical Consequences as of April 1981,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. School of Forest
Resources.
E. B. Cowling. 1982,24p EPA/600/D-86/164
Pub. in Acid Precipitation: Effects on Ecological Sys-
tems, ch1 p3-20 1982. Sponsored by Corvallis Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., OR.
During the past several years, the phenomenon of acid
precipitation and its biological consequences have
become a subject of intense public interest. Numerous
discussions and debates have been published in the
press, in legislative and administrative hearings, and in
the board rooms of industry. The purpose of the chap-
ter is to provide a brief, up-to-date, carefully document-
ed, and rigorously peer-reviewed summary of the
present status of knowledge about the important envi-
ronmental issue.
Keywords: "Acidification, "Air pollution, "Water pollu-
tion, Legislation, Environmental impacts, Sulfur diox-
ide, Nitrogen, Absorption, pH, Lakes, Electric power
plants, Air masses, Atmospheric circulation, 'Acid pre-
cipitation.
PB86-231289/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Field Evaluation of Windscreens as a Fugitive
Dust Control Measure for Material Storage Plies.
Final rept. Apr 85-Jun 86,
PEI Associates, Inc., Golden, CO.
R. A. Zimmer, K. Axetell, and T. C. Ponder. Jul 86,
126p EPA/600/7-86/027
Contract EPA-68-02-3995
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of a field study to validate ear-
lier wind tunnel studies with respect to windspeed
changes, and to determine the relationship between
changes in windspeed and changes in fugitive dust
emissions. (The earlier studies were to determine
changes in windspeed-not changes in emissions-due
to windscreens, and utilized a wind tunnel to determine
the optimal windscreen porosity, size, and location for
control of fugitive dust emissions from storage piles.)
The field study suggests that the optimum windscreen
design parameters are: porosity = 50%, height =1.0
H, width = 5.0 D, and distance = 2.0 H for a conical
pile of height H and diameter D. Analysis of the field
data shows that emission rates were directly related to
windspeed and inversely related to moisture content of
the pile surface. These relationships held regardless of
the particle size fraction considered.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Dust, "Particles, Wind ve-
locity, Storage, "Fugitive emissions, "Windscreens,
"Air pollution detection, Stationary sources.
PB86-231297/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of 60-Hz Fields on Human Health Param-
eter*. Final rept. 9 Sep 85-14 Mar 86,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
M. R. Cook, C. M. Maresh, and H. D. Cohen. Aug 86,
61 p EPA/600/1-86/006
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Specific results of research on the effects of exposure
to 60-Hz electric and magnetic fields have often been
contradictory and difficult to replicate. The study re-
ported here used quantitative exercise testing tech-
niques to evaluate whether increases in metabolism,
caused by moderate steady-state exercise prior to ex-
posure to real or sham fields, would clarify potential
field effects. The feasibility of the methods and proce-
dures used was clearly established. The findings indi-
cated that the physical recovery process following
moderate steady-state exercise performed under no-
exposure conditions, was the same in real and sham
fields. Of the variables examined, only cardiac inter-
beat interval (IBI) was altered by 2 hr of field exposure.
A statistically significant increase in IBI (equivalent to a
3 beat/min decrease in heart rate) was found when
subjects were exposed to the real field after sitting qui-
etly prior to exposure. The replicates the earlier re-
search, in which IBI was increased following a longer
period of field exposure. The results suggest that
future studies should examine a broader range of the
continuum of human arousal and physiological activa-
tion.
Keywords: "Electric fields, "Magnetic fields, Behavior,
Humans, Metabolism, Physiological effects.
PB86-231404/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Rainfall Acidification on Plant Patho-
gens,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. Dept. of Plant
Pathology.
D. S. Shriner, and E. B. Cowling. c1980,11p EPA/600/
D-86/165
Pub. in Effects of Acid Precipitation on Terrestrial Eco-
systems, p435-442 1980. Prepared in cooperation with
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN. Sponsored by Corvallis
Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Wind-blown rain, rain splash, and films of free moisture
play important roles in the epidemiology of many plant
diseases. The chemical nature of the aqueous mi-
croenvironment at the infection court is a potentially
significant factor in the successful dissemination, es-
tablishment, and survival of plant pathogenic microor-
ganisms. Acidic rainfall has a potential for influencing
not only the pathogen, but also the host organism, and
the host-pathogen complex. Although host-pathogen
interactions add a degree of complexity to the study of
abiotic environmental stress of plants, it is our hope,
through the use of a combination of general concepts,
theoretical postulations, and experimental data, to de-
scribe the potential role that rainfall acidity may play in
the often subtle balance between populations of
plants and populations of plant pathogens. The direct
effects of acidic precipitation on vegetation are be-
coming increasingly better understood. The indirect
consequences of both acute and chronic exposure of
vegetation to acidic precipitation are very complex,
however. Their effect is variable in time, and involves a
variety of potential interactions which are only partially
understood.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Plants(Botany), "Acid rain,
Reprints, "Pathogens, "Air pollution effects(Plants).
PB86-231818/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Chemistry of Aluminum in sn Acidic Lake In the
Adirondack Region of New York State, USA,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
C. T. Driscoll, and G. S. Shafran. c1984,6p EPA/600/
D-86/161
Pub. in Complexation of Trace Metals in Natural
Waters, p247-250 1984. Sponsored by Corvallis Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., OR.
Elevated levels of aluminum in acidic surface waters
have been attributed to the dissolution of soil minerals
by acidic atmospheric deposition/There is currently
considerable interest in aqueous chemistry of alumi-
num because of its role, (a) as a toxicant to aquatic or-
ganisms, (b) in the cycling of orthophosphate and or-
ganic carbon, and (c) as a pH buffer. In the study the
authors evaluated the chemistry of aluminum in an
acidic drainage lake. (Copyright (c) 1984 Martinus Nlj-
hoffl/Dr. W. Junk Publishers, The Hague/Boston/Lan-
caster.)
Keywords: "Aluminum, "Water pollution, Water analy-
sis, Trace elements, Chemical analysis, Acidity, Sur-
face waters, Dart Lake, Reprints, Adirondack
Region(New York).
PB86-231826/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Detection of Occupational Exposure to Genotoxlc
Agents with a Urinary Mutagen Assay. Journal arti-
cle,
Queens Coll., Flushing, NY. Center for the Biology of
Natural Systems.
D. Kriebel, B. Commoner, D. Bollinger, A. Bronsdon,
and J. Gold. C1983,14p EPA/600/J-83/352
Grant EPA-R-804395
Pub. in Mutation Research, v108 n1 p67-79 Mar 83.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The levels of mutagenic activity in the urine of 198
smoking and non-smoking chemical workers, coke
plant workers and controls were measured using a uri-
nary mutagen assay based on the Ames Salmonella/
microsome test. Urine samples were concentrated
using the non-polar resin XAD-2 eluted with methylene
chloride and acetone. Activity towards Salmonella
strains TA1538 and TA100 with and without microso-
mal preparation S-9 was measured. Regardless of oc-
cupational exposure, smokers had considerably higher
urinary mutagenic activity than non-smokers on Strain
TA1538 with S-9, and to a lesser extent on Strain
TA100 with S-9.
Keywords: 'Industrial medicine, "Smoking, Detection,
Exposure, Reprints, 'Urinalysis, 'Genotoxic agents,
Ames test.
PB86-231834/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Organic Acids Can Enhance Wet Limestone Flue
Gas Scrubbing. Journal article,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. D. Mobley, M. A. Cassidy, and J. C. Dickerman.
c1986,6p EPA/600/J-86/114
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
Pub. in Power Engineering, p32-35 May 86. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research
Lab.
The paper is an overview of organic acid use to en-
hance the limestone flue gas desulfurization (FGD)
process, and describes the application of the technol-
ogy in operating FGD systems. The case studies illus-
trate the potential economic benefits of converting
FGD systems to organic-acid-enhanced limestone
scrubbing systems. Organic acids were identified as
potentially attractive buffering agents for FGD systems
more than 10 years ago. Use of the acids to counteract
the effects of high concentrations of dissolved salts
has resulted in increased S02 removal efficiencies,
lowered operating costs, decreased limestone con-
sumption, increased system flexibility (e.g., ability to re-
spond to unplanned fluctuations in coal sulfur content),
and improved process reliability. (Copyright (c) Power
Engineering 1986.)
Keywords: 'Desulfurization, 'Flue gases, "Air pollution
control, Gas scrubbing, Sulfur dioxide, Coal, Organic
acids, Buffers(Chemistry), Reprints, Limestone flue
gas desulfurization process, FGD process.
PB86-231842/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Persistence of Peak Flow Decrement In Children
Following Ozone Exposures Exceeding the Na-
tional Ambient Air Quality Standard. Journal article,
New York Univ. Medical Center, Tuxedo Park. Inst, of
Environmental Medicine.
P J. Lioy, T. A. Vollmuth, and M. Lippmann. C1985,5p
EPA/600/J-85/443
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v35
n10 p1068-1071 Oct 85. Sponsored by Health Effects
Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Spironmetric measurements of lung function were
made on six or more occasions over a five week period
in 1982 in 39 children attending a summer day camp in
Mendham, N.J. Mean slopes of the linear regressions
of FVC, FEV1, MMEF and PEFR vs. peak 1 hr 03 con-
centrations for the day of the function measurements
in the individual children were negative, with PEFR
showing the strongest effect. There were no consist-
ent associations with other environmental variables.
Analysis of residuals from the regression lines for
PEFR vs. daily 1 hr 03 peak and 4 hr H+ and S04 =
exposures for each child showed large overestimates
in PEFR during the second week of the study. There
was a photochemical smog episode immediately pre-
ceding the second week, with successive daily 1 hr 03
peaks of 143, 185, 165, 135 and 115 ppb, and this
smog exposure appears to be the most likely cause of
the persistent second week depression in PEFR from
the values expected on the basis of an overall regres-
sion from the five weeks of data.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Children, 'Toxicology, Exposure,
Standards, Reprints, 'Air pollution effects.
PB86-231859/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Root and Rhizome Distribution as an Indicator of
Upper Salt Marsh Wetland Limits. Journal article,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Botany and
Plant Pathology.
D. M. Seliskar. C1983, 7p EPA/600/J-83/348
Grant EPA-R-806013
Pub. in Hydrobiologia 107, p231-236 1983. Sponsored
by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Four wetland plant species, Deschampsia cespitosa,
Distichlis spicata, Grindelia integrifolia, and Salicornia
virginica, were tested to determine the effect of soil
moisture on the vertical distribution of roots and rhi-
zomes. In an 8-month greenhouse experiment involv-
ing plants grown from seeds and rhizomes the occur-
rence of more than 65% of the root and rhizome mass
in the upper 10 cm of soil was indicative of saturated
conditions. The percent of total root and rhizome bio-
mass in the upper 10 cm of a 35 cm core may be useful
in determining saturated soil conditions.
Keywords: 'Soil water, 'Aquatic plants, "Marshes,
Greenhouses, Seeds, Saturated soils, Biomass, Plant
growth, Reprints, "Salt marshes, Roots.
PB86-231867/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Ozone Inhibits Prostacyclin Synthesis in Pulmo-
nary Endothelium. Journal article,
North Carolina Univ., Chapel Hill.
M. Friedman, M. C. Madden, D. S. Saunders, K.
Gammon, and G. C. White. c1985,16p EPA/600/J-
85/423
Pub. in Prostaglandins, v30 n6 p1069-1083 Dec 85.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The effects of ozone on lung arachidonate metabolism
in-vitro were studied in cultured bovine pulmonary en-
dothelial cells exposed for 2 hours to ozone in concen-
trations up to 1.0 ppm. A concentration-dependent de-
crease in prostacyclin synthesis was found (90% de-
crease at the highest ozone level of 1 .Oppm). The inhi-
bition of prostacyclin synthesis was not due to a de-
creased release of arachidonic acid from membrane
lipids. They also examined the gypoxic pulmonary va-
soconstrictive response to 10% oxygen inhalation in
anesthetized dogs in-vivo after exposure to 1.0 ppm
ozone for 1 hour. Pulmonary vascular resistance was
significantly increased after ozone exposure, similar to
the findings in dogs given indomethacin (15 mg/kg).
The percentage change in the hypoxic pulmonary
pressor response was similar between the ozone ex-
posure and indomethacin-treated groups, although
due to the variance of the pulmonary vascular resist-
ance values during hypoxia the results did not reach
statistical significance. These results suggest that
ozone inhalation affects pulmonary endothelial arachi-
donate metabolism in-vivo as well as in-vitro.
Keywords: 'Ozone, Inhibitors, Lung, Reprints, "Prosta-
cyclin, Pulmonary endothelium, "Air pollution effects.
PB86-231875/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
QC (Quality Control) for Stationary Source Parti-
cle Size Measurement*. Rept. for May 84-Sep 85,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
G. L. Johnson, C. E. Tatsch, and W. M. Yeager. Aug
86,12p EPA/600/D-86/175
Contract EPA-68-02-3973
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper discusses quality control (OC) for stationary
source particle size measurements. Traditional QC
methodology has generally involved retrospective
evaluation of existing products (e.g., environmental
data). Rather than identify failures, it is now increasing-
ly possible and desirable to provide increased QC sup-
port to the production of data; i.e., doing it right the first
time. It is clear from many disciplines that timely feed-
back mechanisms are one of the easiest, least expen-
sive means of providing the support. In addition to
some of the considerations related to source emis-
sions testing, these concepts have been applied to
cascade impactor testing. The Particle Data Reduction
(PADRE) system offers a standard, quality assured
data reduction method and protocol for particle size
testing of stationary point sources using cascade im-
pactors. The utilization of PADRE in testing has, to
date, produced improved quality assurance documen-
tation and greater confidence in the quality and credi-
bility of the measurements data obtained.
Keywords: 'Particle size, "Quality control, Air pollution,
Data reduction, 'Stationary sources, 'Point sources]
Cascade impactors, Particulates, PADRE system.
PB86-231883/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Acid Precipitation and Its Effects on Terrestrial
and Aquatic Ecosystems. Symposium paper,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. School of Forest
Resources.
E. B. Cowling. C1980,18p EPA/600/D-86/166
Grant EPA-R-806912
Pub. in Aerosols: Anthropogenic Natural Sources and
Transport, Annals New York Academy of Sciences
338, p540-555 1980. Sponsored by Corvallis Environ-
mental Research Lab., OR.
Man-induced change in the chemical climate of the
earth has increased. Recent research has demonstrat-
ed that atmospheric deposition contains both benefi-
cial nutrients and injurious substances; plants, ani-
mals, and ecosystems vary greatly in susceptibility;
injury is most likely when rapid changes in the chemi-
cal climate coincide with the presence of a vulnerable
life form; increasing acidity of precipitation has caused
extinction of fish and other changes in species compo-
sition, simulated acid rain has caused leaching of nutri-
ents from soil and both direct and indirect injury to ter-
restrial vegetation. Results show why a National At-
mospheric Deposition Program is currently being de-
veloped to determine spacial and temporal trends.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Ecology, 'Water pollution,
"Lakes, Vegetation, Soils, Surface waters, Fossil fuels,
Concentration(Composition), Aquatic animals,
Sources, Reprints, "Acid precipitation, Air pollution
effects(Plants), Air pollution effects(Animals).
PB86-232154/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Activities
and Accomplishments under the Resource Con-
servation and Recovery Act Fiscal Years 1980 to
1985,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
J. O'Leary. Jul 86,138p" EPA/530/SW-86/027
The report describes the regulatory development and
implementation activities accomplished by EPA during
the past five years. This time period is important to the
overall history of the program because during these
years, EPA developed the foundation for the regula-
tory program that is now being implemented by the re-
lated community, the Regions and States. As part of
the report, hazardous waste program priorties are de-
scribed as well as a discussion of program challenges
emanating from comprehensive and far reaching Haz-
ardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984.
Keywords: "Regulations, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Haz-
ardous materials, Development, Implementation, 'En-
vironmental Protection Agency, 'Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act, 'Waste recycling.
PB86-232212/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Nickel and
Nickel Compound*. Final Report,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
S. Bayard, R. Beliles, G. Brooks, M. Chu, and A.
Crocetti. Sep 86,462p' EPA/600/8-83/012FF
See also PB85-248383.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The predominant atmospheric forms of nickel are as
sulfate, oxides, and complex oxides. Nickel also
occurs in ambient and drinking waters and soils.
Routes of intake for man are inhalation, ingestion, and
percutaneous absorption. Pulmonary absorption
varies according to chemical and physical form of the
compound. While gastrointestinal intake ranges from
300 to 500 microgram daily, absorption is only one to
ten percent of intake. Percutaneous absorption, usual-
ly through contact with nickel alloys in the household,
is related to hypersensitivity and skin disorders. In-
haled nickel compounds lead to highest levels in lung,
brain, kidney, and liver. Nickel exposure produces
chronic dermatological, respiratory, endocrine and car-
diovascular effects. Reproductive and developmental
effects have been found in animals but not humans.
Various nickel compounds have been tested for muta-
genicity, demonstrating the ability of nickel compounds
to produce genotoxic effects; the translation of these
effects into actual mutations is still not clearly under-
stood. There is evidence both in humans and animals
for the carcinogenicity of nickel in some forms. Life-
time cancer risks for continuous inhalation exposure at
1 microgram nickel/cu. m. have been estimated for
nickel refinery dust and nickel subsulfide. There is
growing evidence that nickel may be an essential ele-
ment for humans.
Keywords: 'Nickel, 'Public health, "Environmental
surveys, Distribution, Toxicology, Assessments, Risk,
Physical properties, Chemical properties, Metals,
'Health risks, 'Heavy metals, Cancer.
PB86-232436/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Meiotlc Origin of Aneuploidy: An Overview,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. C. Backer, and J. W. Allen. Aug 86, 29p EPA/600/D-
86/174
Aside from its adaptive potential, germ cell aneuploidy
is usually considered a 'mistake' with dire clinical con-
sequences. The prevalence of aneuploidy in sponta-
neous abortions and various disabling syndromes of li-
veborn testifies to the importance of abnormal chro-
mosome numbers arising at meiosis. While some frac-
tion of these conditions may be attributable to embry-
onic chromosomal errors, it is believed that meiotic
nondisjunction represents the primary mechanism. Ap-
parently, meiotic trisomies arise from nondisjunction at
metaphase I more often than at metaphase II. This is
not surprising in view of the unique chromosomal ac-
tivities occurring in the primary meiocytes which may
be vulnerable to alterations predisposing these cells to
aneuploidy. At this stage, errors in vibaTent formation,
crossing over, or segregation may lead to aneuploidy.
Secondary meiocyte division is similar to mitosis and
presumably is susceptible to the same types of anom-
alous segregation that can lead to aneuploidy in so-
matic cells. The intent of the overview Is to summarize
and integrate some of the current major concepts of
meiotic aneuploidy development.
Keywords: 'Meiosis, 'Aneuploidy, Germ cells, Con-
genital abnormalities, Mammals, Genetics.
PB88-232568/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Inactlvatlon of Microbial Agent* by Chemical Dis-
infectants,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
J. C. Hoff. Jul 86,54p EPA/600/2-86/067
Disinfection of drinking water has been used for many
years for the prevention of waterborne disease
through inactivation of pathogenic microrganisms. In
general, disinfection practices in the field nave devel-
oped through experience rather than application of
specific disinfection data derived from controlled ex-
periments. Concerns about waterborne disease out-
breaks caused by the protozoan Giardia lamblia, the
cysts of which are very resistant to inactivation, and
the need to more precisely control the disinfection
process to reduce formation of potentially hazardous
chemical byproducts have made It necessary to more
closely examine the biocidal aspects of drinking water
disinfection. The use of mathematical concepts based
on microbial inactivation kinetics to predict disinfectant
concentration and contact times needed to inactivate
specific proportions of various pathogens and indica-
tor species has received increasing attention as an ap-
proach to better control of the disinfection process.
Keywords: 'Disinfectants, 'Potable water, 'Microorga-
nisms, Bacteria, Viruses, Protozoa, Resistance, Effec-
tiveness, "Drinking water, Pathogens.
PB86-232576/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
National Surface Water Survey: Eastern Lake
Survey (Phase 1 • Synoptic Chemistry). Quality
Assurance Plan. Final rept..
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
S. K. Drouse, D. C. Hillman, L. W. Creelman, and S. J.
Simon. Feb 86,226p EPA/600/4-86/008
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
See also PB86-232584. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
evaluates the current water chemistry of lakes and
streams, determines the status of fisheries and other
biotic resources, and select regionally representative
surface waters for a long-term monitoring program.
The manual delineates the quality assurance plan for
the Survey. The Plan is based on the guidelines and
specifications provided by the Quality Assurance Man-
agement Staff (QAMS) of the Office of Research and
Development, 1980. The sixteen points required in the
guidance are addressed in the plan.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Lakes, 'Water pollution,
Sampling, Manuals, Specifications, Quality control,
Chemical analysis, Organic compounds, Laboratories,
Acid precipitation.
PB86-232584/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
National Surface Water Survey: Eastern Lake
Survey (Phase 1 • Synoptic Chemistry). Analytical
Methods Manual. Final rept.,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
S. K. Drouse, D. C. Hillman, L. W. Creelman, and S. J.
Simon. Feb 86,224p EPA/600/4-86/009
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
See also PB86-196680, and PB84-128677. Sponsored
by Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
The National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
evaluates the current water chemistry of lakes and
streams, determines the status of fisheries and other
biotic resources, and selects regionally representative
surface waters for a long-term monitoring program.
The manual provides details of the analytical methods
and internal quality control used to process and ana-
lyze samples.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Lakes, 'Water pollution,
'Air pollution, Surveys, Water chemistry, Manuals,
Fisheries, Surface waters, Organic compounds, Chem-
ical analysis, Colorimetry, Chromatographic analysis,
Acid precipitation.
PB86-232774/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Development of Advisory Levels for Polychlorl-
nated Blphenyls (PCBs) Cleanup,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
S. T. Hwang, J. w. Falco, and C. H. Nauman. May 86,
201 p EPA/600/6-86/002
The document presents background Information used
in developing advisory levels of PCBs in soil estimated
to be permissible in protecting public health. The re-
sults of exposure assessment and health effects stud-
ies are combined to arrive at the permissible levels of
PCBs. Health effects studies conducted using animals
for the duration of 10-30 days are used to determine
the 10-day advisory levels for PCB clean-up. The long-
term advisory levels are based on the carcinogenic risk
evaluations.
Keywords: 'Soils, 'Decontamination, Chlorine organic
compounds, Public health, Exposure, Potable water,
Water pollution, Land pollution, 'Hazardous materials
spills, 'Poiychlorinated blphenyls, Solid wastes.
PB86-232867/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
National Dloxin Study Tier 4 • Combustion
Sources: Final Literature Review. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. H. Keating. Jun 86,205p RAD-86-203-024-40-13,
EPA/450/4-84/0141
Contract EPA-68-02-3889
See also PB85-216166. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The objective of Tier 4 of the National Dioxin Study is
to determine if combustion sources emit significant
amounts of chloronated dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDD) and
chloronated dibenzofurans (CDF) to the atmosphere.
An initial literature review was conducted during 1984
and published in October 1984 as 'National Dioxin
Study Tier 4 - Combustion Sources, Initial Literature
Review and Testing Options', EPA-450/4-84-014b.
The purpose of the report is to update the initial litera-
ture review. The document includes CDD/CDF emis-
sions information available through July 1985. A tabu-
lar summary of the CDD/CDF emissions data base
and a reference list of 250 citations are included.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Combustion products, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Fly ash, Flue gases, Re-
views, Pesticides, Tables(Data), 'Stationary sources,
'Emission factors, "Dioxins, 'Air pollution sampling,
Dibenzodioxin/tetrachloro, Dibenzofurans, Poiychlori-
nated dibenzodioxins.
PB86-232931 /HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Historical Resume of Progress in Scientific and
Public Understanding of Acid Precipitation and Its
Biological Consequences,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. School of Forest
Resources.
E. B. Cowling. C1982, 43p EPA/600/D-86/163
Pub in Acid Precipitation Effects on Ecological Sys-
tems, ch3 p43-83 1982. Sponsored by Corvallis Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., OR.
The report describes progress made in the field and a
transition of knowledge to become house hold words
in many countries around the world. What factors of
scientific awareness and public perception have influ-
enced the course and development of research on
acid precipitation and its biological effects. The paper
is an attempt to illuminate some of these questions.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Precipitation(Meteorology),
'Air pollution, History, Sources, Ecology, Environmen-
tal impacts, Public opinion, Plants(Botany), Animals,
'Acid precipitation.
PB86-232949/HSU	PC A11 /MF A01
National Crop Loss Assessment Network
(NCLAN) 1984 Annual Rsport,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
W. W. Heck, O. C. Taylor, R. M. Adams, J. E. Miller,
and D. T. Tingey. Jul 86,248p EPA/600/3-86/041
See also PB85-236859.
Research for 1984 involved performance of a prelimi-
nary economic assessment of simulated changes in
ambient 03 on U.S. agriculture using recent NCLAN
response data for six major crops. Four hypothetical
ambient 03 levels are measured and compared with a
1980 base situation. The results are derived from an
economic analysis based on a U.S. agricultural sector
model that includes major crop and livestock produc-
tion as well as processing and export uses. The agri-
cultural sector model is a price-endogenous mathe-
matical programming model that translates the yield
changes into estimates of economic consequences of
03.
Keywords: 'Losses, 'Ozone, 'Farm crops, Economic
factors. Mathematical programming, Prices, Yield,
Mathematical models, United States.
PB86-233188/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Development of Land Disposal Decisions for
Metals Using Minteq Sensitivity Analyses,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
D. S. Brown, R. E. Carlton, and L. A. Mulkey. Aug 86,
72p EPA/600/3-86/030
Procedures were developed for estimating the impacts
of metal speciation reactions on the potential transport
of metals through groundwater to a measurement
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
point directly down gradient from a land disposal unit
that has tailed. The primary emphasis was on simulta-
neous solution of metal speciation reactions that de-
termine the dissolved phase. The metals considered
were arsenic, barium, cadmium, lead, nickel, thallium,
chromium, mercury, selenium, and silver.
Keywords: "Metals, "Ground water, "Water pollution,
Mathematical models, Environmental impacts, Chemi-
cal reactions, Mixing, Plumes, Organic compounds, In-
organic compounds, Dissolving. Probability theory,
Tables(Data), "Land application, Minteq model, Sensi-
tivity analysis, Heavy metals.
PB86-233301 /HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Statistical Support Document for Asbestos in
Buildings: Simplified Sampling Scheme for Friable
Surfacing Materials,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Washington, DC.
J. Chesson, B. P. Price, and T. Berner. Dec 85,14p
EPA/560/5-85/30B
Contract EPA-68-02-3938
See also PB86-180148. Prepared in cooperation with
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Provides the statistical support for the EPA document
'Asbestos In Buildings: Simplified Sampling Scheme
for Friable Surfacing Materials.' Designed to supple-
ment the sampling scheme document by demonstrat-
ing the statistical basis for the scheme.
Keywords: "Asbestos, "Buildings, Sampling, Statistical
samples, Statistical analysis.
PB86-233541/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Steady-State Efficiency, Temperature, and Pres-
sure Data for Nine Aftermarket Catalysts. Techni-
cal rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology and Applications Branch.
J. P. Cheng, M. L. Alff, and K. H. Hellman. Jul 86,125p
EPA/AA/CT AB-86/03
The report presents graphical data showing the
steady-state efficiencies, temperatures, and pressures
determined in the testing of nine aftermarket catalysts
by EPA.
Keywords: "Catalysts, "Air pollution control equip-
ment, Motor vehicles, Durability, Exhaust emissions,
Graphs(Charts), "Catalytic reactors(Exhaust systems),
Automobile exhaust, Federal test procedure.
PB86-233939/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Evaluation of Volatilization of Hazardous Con-
stituents at Hazardous Waste Land Treatment
Sites. Final rept.,
Utah Water Research Lab., Logan.
R. R. Dupont, and J. A. Reineman. Aug 86,169p EPA/
600/2-86/071
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
Laboratory experiments were to measure the emission
flux rates of seven volatile waste constituents: ben-
zene, toluene, ethylbenzene, p-, m-, o-xylene, and
naphthalene, from API Separatory Sludge and Slop Oil
Emulsion Solids wastes in soil column and flask labo-
ratory units. Emission flux rates were monitored as a
function of waste application rate, application method
(surface versus subsurface), soil type and soil physical
characteristics. Field experiments were conducted at
an active petroleum refinery land treatment site. Meas-
ured laboratory and field data were compared to the
Thibodeaux-Hwang Air Emission Release Rate
(AERR) model.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Land use, "Air pol-
lution Volatizing, Emission, Soil properties, Field tests,
Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl benzene, Mathematical
models, Xylenes, Naphthalene, Flux rate, Sites, Refin-
eries, Land application.
PB86-234259/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
industrial Source Complex (ISC) Dispersion Model
User's Guide. Second Edition. Volume 1. Final
rept.,
TRC Environmental Consultants, Inc., East Hartford,
CT.
D. J. Wackter, and J. A. Foster. Jun 86,151 p EPA/
450/4-86/005A
Contract EPA-68-02-3886
See also PB80-133044, and PB86-234267. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
A detailed technical discussion of the revised ISC
Model is presented. The ISC Model consists of two
computer programs that are designed to consider
these and other factors so as to meet the dispersion
modeling needs of air pollution control agencies and
others responsible for performing dispersion modeling
analyses. Major features in the revised model code in-
clude: (1) a regulatory default option which incorpo-
rates regulatory guidance contained in the Guideline
on Air Quality Models as revised in 1986; (2) a calms
processing procedure; (3) a new Urban Mode 3 which
utilizes urban dispersion parameters published by
Briggs based on observations of McElroy and Pooler in
St. Louis, and (4) revised sets of wind speed profile ex-
ponents for rural and urban scenarios.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Mathematical models, At-
mospheric models, Atmospheric diffusion. Manuals,
Revisions, "Atmospheric dispersion, ISC model.
PB86-234267/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Industrial Source Complex (iSC) Dispersion Model
User's Guide. Second Edition. Volume 2. Appendi-
ces. Final rept.,
TRC Environmental Consultants, Inc., East Hartford,
CT.
D. J. Wackter, and J. A. Foster. Jun 86,277p EPA/
450/4-86/005B
Contract EPA-68-02-3886
See also PB80-133051, and PB86-234259. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
A detailed technical discussion of the revised ISC
Model. The ISC Model consists of two computer pro-
grams that are designed to consider these and other
factors so as to meet the dispersion modeling needs of
air pollution control agencies and others responsible
for performing dispersion modeling analyses. Major
features in the revised model code include: (1) a regu-
latory default option which incorporates regulatory
guidance contained in the Guideline on Air Quality
Models as revised in 1986; (2) a calms processing pro-
cedure; (3) a new Urban Mode 3 which utilizes urban
dispersion parameters published by Briggs based on
observations of McElroy and Pooler in St. Louis, and
(4) revised sets of wind speed profile exponents for
rural and urban scenarios.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Mathematical models At-
mospheric diffusion, Computer programs, Fortran, "At-
mospheric dispersion, ISC model, ISCST computer
program, ISCLT computer program, Fortran 77 pro-
gramming language.
PB86-234648/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Field investigation ot Biological Toilet Systems
and Grey Water Treatment,
California Dept. of Health Services, Berkeley.
K. M. Enferadi, R. C. Cooper, S. C. Goranson, A. W.
Olivieri, and J. H. Poorbaugh. Jul 86, 291 p EPA/600/2-
86/069
Grant EPA-R-805942
Prepared in cooperation with California Univ., Berke-
ley, and California Governor's Office of Appropriate
Technology, Sacramento. Sponsored by Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineer-
ing Research Lab.
The objective of the field program was to determine
the operational characteristics and overall acceptabil-
ity of popular models of biological toilets and a few
select grey water systems. A field observation scheme
was devised to take advantage of in-use sites through-
out the State of California. A health risk assessment
was performed concurrently using environmental
health experts to estimate the probability that a signifi-
cant failure of a particular on-site waste treatment and
disposal system would occur. Model education and
surveillance-monitoring frameworks are presented.
Keywords: "Toilet facilities, "Field tests, "Sewage
treatment, Temperature, Odor, Decomposition, Micro-
organisms, Public health, Risk, Waste disposal, Land
use, Monitoring, Tables(Data), Models, California,
"Grey water, Bioaccumulation.
PB86-234705/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Selected Microcomputer Programs for Water
Quality Assessments (Experimental). Documenta-
tion,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water and Land Div.
W. T. Mason. Jan 84,115p EPA/SW/DK-86/027A
For system on diskette, see PB86-234713. Prepared in
cooperation with National Coastal Ecosystems Team
Slidell, LA.
Accompanying the computer program manual is an
album of microcomputer disks designed to expedite
water quality management information to the states
from the regional offices. The programs were selected
on the basis of familiarity and common use by aquatic
scientists and the potential adaptability of the methods
for microcomputer applications. All programs are origi-
nal, i.e., devised from standard methods by the authors
and participants.
Keywords: "Water quality management, States(United
States), Lakes, Hydrology, Aquatic biology, Insects,
Watersheds, Computer programs.
PB86-234713/HSU	Diskette $90.00
Selected Microcomputer Programs for Water
Quality Assessments (Experimental). Software,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Water and Land Div.
E. Cole. Jan 84,2 diskettes EPA/SW/DK-86/027
Prepared in cooperation with National Coastal Ecosys-
tems Team, Slidell, LA,
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskette,
double sided, double density compatible with the
Apple II Plus microcomputer. Diskettes are in the
ASCII format. Price includes documentation, PB86-
234705.
Accompanying the computer program manual is an
album of microcomputer disks designed to expedite
water quality management information to the states
from the regional offices of the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) and the Fish and Wildlife
Service. The programs were selected on the basis of
familiarity and common use by aquatic scientists and
the potential adaptability of the methods of microcom-
puter applications. The 'user friendly' programs are
contained on two, 5 1 /4 inch floppy disks, designed to
run on an Apple II Plus microcomputer, disk drive, TV
or CRT monitor and printer (optional).
Keywords: "Software, "Water quality management,
*States(United States), Programming manuals, Adap-
tation, Aquatic biology, Basic, Programming lan-
guages, Floppy disks, Apple 2 microcomputer.
PB86-235272/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Inorganic Arsenic Emissions from Glass Manufac-
turing Plants: Background Information for Promul-
gated Standards. Final environmental impact state-
ment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
May 86,160p EPA/450/3-83/011B
See also PB84-152073.
Standards to control emissions of inorganic arsenic
from glass manufacturing plants are being promulgat-
ed under the authority of Section 112 of trie Clean Air
Act. The standard applies to new and existing glass
manufacturing plants. The document contains a sum-
mary of public comments, EPA responses, and a dis-
cussion of differences between the proposed and pro-
mulgated standard.
Keywords: "Glass industry, "Air pollution control, "Ar-
senic inorganic compounds, "Environmental impact
statements, Manufacturing, Hazardous materials, Eco-
nomic analysis, Standards, Cost analysis, "Air pollu-
tion standards, Air quality, Fabric filters.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-235793/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
High-Level and Transuranic Radioactive Wastes.
Response to Comments for Final Rule. Volume 2.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Aug 85, 35p EPA/520/1-85/024/2
See also PB86-221819.
Explains which Science Advisory Board/EPA recom-
mendations and findings were incorporated into the
standards of the technical support documents and
which were not. Individuals and organizations submit-
ted comments on the SAB report. The document also
responds to those comments.
Keywords: "Regulations, Standards, 'Alpha-bearing
wastes, 'High-level radioactive wastes, 'Radioactive
waste management, 'Spent fuels, Radioactive waste
disposal, Risk assessment, Health hazards, Radionu-
clide migration, Environmental transport.
PB86-235843/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Inorganic Arsenic Emissions from Primary Copper
Smelters and Arsenic Plants: Background Infor-
mation for Promulgated Standards. Final environ-
mental impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
May 86,318p EPA/450/3-83/01 OB
See also PB83-234138.
National emission standards to control inorganic ar-
senic from new and existing primary copper smelters
and from arsenic trioxide and metallic arsenic produc-
tion facilities are being promulgated under Section 112
of the Clean Air Act. Part 1 of the document contains a
detailed summary of the public comments on the pro-
posed standard for primary copper smelters, and Part
2 on the proposed standard for arsenic production fa-
cilities.
Keywords: 'Arsenic inorganic compounds, 'Smelters,
'Air pollution, 'Environmental impact statements-final,
Regulations, Production, Industrial wastes, Hazardous
materials, Combustion products, 'Copper smelters.
PB86-236767/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstratlon of Pesticide
Products Containing Copper Sulfate (008181) as
the Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Mar 80,232p EPA/540/RS-86/129
Includes how to register under a registration standard,
regulatory position and rationale, and summaries of
data requirements and data gaps. Also included is a
bibliography containing citations of all studies re-
view^ by EPA in arriving at the positions and conclu-
sions contained in the standard.
Keywords: 'Copper sulfates, 'Pesticides, Guidelines,
Regulations, Requirements, Standards, Marking, Tox-
icity, Legislation, Path of pollutants.
PB86-236957/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Teat Procedure for Gross Alpha Particle Activity
In Drinking Water: Interlaboratory Collaborative
Study,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
E. L. Whittaker. Aug 86,64p EPA/600/4-86/027
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Gross alpha activity values were calculated with four
different alpha emitting radionuclide standard counting
efficiencies to see which standard was best for gross
alpha activity determinations. Thorium-230, a pure
alpha emitter, appeared to be the best standard for
gross alpha counting efficiency. A secondary purpose
in the study was to see how well the Ra-226 concen-
tration of a drinking water sample could be estimated
from an early gross alpha count subtracted from a late
gross alpha count and calculated from the equation
provided in the test procedure. The method for gross
alpha particle concentration measurement eliminates
the dissolved solids interference problem (which Is a
significant problem for the EPA approved method) and
provides for greater sensitivity by allowing for the use
of much larger samples in the analysis.
Keywords: 'Radioactivity, Standards, "Drinking water,
"Alpha particles, "Radioassay, Counting techniques,
Thorium 230, Radium 226.
PB86-236965/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Local and Regional Contributions to Urban Partic-
ulate Matter. Final rept. Mar 85-Jun 86,
Massachusetts Inst, of Tech., Cambridge. Energy Lab.
S. Batterman, J. A. Fay, and D. Golomb. Aug 86,87p
EPA/600/3-86/052
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
The report summarizes the data analysis of two exten-
sive field studies on urban particulate matter, the 1974-
77 St. Louis (RAPS) and the July/August 1982 Phila-
delphia (PAFS) studies. The major conclusion of the
study is that in both cities the majority (more than 50%)
of the total mass collected by dichotomous samplers is
of regional, not local, origin. The regional share is
about equally large for long-term (yearly, seasonal,
monthly) and short-term (24-hours) averaging of con-
centrations. In the fine fraction, the regional compo-
nent is even larger, 60% in St. Louis and 83% in Phila-
delphia. This conclusion is supported primarily by the
observation that with the exception of a single site in
both St. Louis and Philadelphia, all other sites within
the extensive monitoring network, including remote
rural sites, show a very low gradient of concentrations,
indicating that the majority of collected aerosols does
not originate from local sources, but must come from
distant, regional sources that impact all. monitors
equally.
Keywords: 'Urban areas, 'Air pollution, Atmospheric
models, Sulfates, Aerosols, Particle size,
Concentration(Composition), 'Atmospheric disper-
sion, 'Particulate sampling, Environmental monitoring,
St. Louis(Missouri), Philadelphia(Pennsylvania), Inha-
lation.
PB86-236973/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Ozone Formation In Pollutant Plumes: A Reactive
Plume Model with Arbitrary Crosswlnd Resolu-
tion. Final rept.,
Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO.
N. V. Gillani. Aug 86,96p EPA/600/3-86/051
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
A new two-layer reactive plume model is developed, in
which arbitrary crosswind resolution of the emission
field of each precursor is preserved, and dynamic
plume-plume and plume-background interactions are
explictly accomodated. The model has a hybrid formu-
lation, having Lagrangian downwind transport and Wu-
lerian crosswind spread. It is applied in a diagnostic
mode to simulate the observed behavior of plumes of
the metropolitan St. Louis area and the Labadie power
plant. The RAPS emissions inventory gave detailed
spatial resolution of the emission field, numerous sta-
tionary and mobile upper air wind soundings provided
the basis for transport simulation, and aircraft data pro-
vided detailed crosswind profiles of pollutant concen-
trations across the plumes at downwind sections.
Model simulations of ozone were generally good, even
in crosswind detail, given an appropriate background
characterization. Simulated values of the rate of S02
oxidation were quantitatively not as satisfying.
Keywords: "Ozone, 'Air pollution, Atmospheric
models, Sulfates, Plumes, 'Gaussian plume models.
PB88-237682/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Quality Assurance and Quality Control Plan for
the NAPAP (National Acid Precipitation Assess-
ment Program) 1985 Emission Inventory. Final
rept. Oct 85-Jan 86,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
D. A. Pahl, and J. D. Mobley. Aug 86,46p EPA/600/8-
86/025
The report identifies objectives that must be met to
create an accurate and comprehensive inventory of
1985 emissions from anthropogenic sources thought
to be important in acid deposition processes. Most of
the 1985 emissions inventory data for this inventory
are being collected and analyzed by state air pollution
control agencies and the U.S. EPA. The report reviews
data quality objectives, priorities, and constraints for
the collection of the 1985 inventory data.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Air pollution, Inventories,
Quality control, State government, Objectives, Con-
straints, Sampling, 'Acid precipitation, Point sources.
PB86-237708/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Testing and Evaluation of Permeable Materials for
Removing Pollutants from Leachates at Remedial
Action Sites. Rept. for Jan 82-Oct 84,
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Dept. of Civil and Environmental
Engineering.
J. E. Park. Aug 86,54p EPA/600/2-86/074
Contract EPA-68-03-3183
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
In order to better understand the potential effective-
ness of permeable treatment systems, four readily
available, low-cost permeable materials, coal, lime-
stone, fly ash and a soil containing clay - were tested
to determine their ability to remove organic pollutants
from two simulated hazardous waste leachates. The
capabilities of the individual materials were evaluated
with respect to their abilities to retain total organic
carbon and twelve selected priority pollutants. Results
indicate that the most effective ordering of materials
was a layer of fly ash, followed by a layer of coal, fol-
lowed by a layer of limestone.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Contaminants,
'Waste treatment, Coal, Limestone, Clays, Fly ash,
Sorption, Waste disposal, "Leachates, 'Water pollu-
tion control, Permeability.
PB86-237716/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Stationary Source Compliance Div.
Fabric Filter Inspection and Evaluation Manual.
Final rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
D. R. Roeck, and R. Dennis. Feb 84,210p GCA-TR-80-
114-G, EPA/340/1-84/002
Contracts EPA-68-01-4143, EPA-68-01-6316
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Stationary Source Compliance Div.
The manual was prepared to assist Federal and State
enforcement groups in the following decisionmaking
areas: estimation of filter system (baghouse) compli-
ance with emissions regulations; appraisal of filter
system adequacy for a specific control application; and
evaluation of operating and maintenance procedures
in the light of recommended practices. In Chapter 2,
basic concepts pertaining to fabric filtration, particle
behavior, and particle size measurements are high-
lighted so that inspection personnel can evaluate fa-
cilities for which no precedence has been established.
Given prior experience or the need for immediate
action, however, the Manual user may go directly to
Chapter 3 where important day-to-day aspects of filter
system operation are presented along with emphasis
on what may go wrong and what remedial measures
should be undertaken. Different types and procedures
for baghouse inspections are described in Chapter 4;
e.g., compliance determination, startup, troubleshoot-
ing, general preventitive maintenance, or special in-
vestigations, where the specific information sought
and the sequence of the inspection process may vary.
Keywords: 'Air filters, 'Air pollution control equipment,
Performance, Manuals, Particle size distribution, Flue
gases, Chemical analysis, Gas analysis, Combustion
products, 'Fabric filters, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Air
pollution detection, Particulates.
PB86-238086/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Compiling Air Toxica Emlaalon inventories,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
T. F. Lahre, P. Cruse, K. Wertz, and F. Sheffield. Jul 86,
361 p EPA/450/4-86/010
Prepared in cooperation with Radian Corp., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The report contains technical materials that will assist
state and local control agencies in compiling air toxics
emission inventories. It contains a discussion of (1)
various considerations that should be made in plan-
ning and beginning an inventory and (2) various tools
an agency can use to locate potential sources and to
estimate emissions therefrom. The appendices con-
tain the data needed to use these inventory tools and
some example applications of them.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Hazardous materi-
als, State government, Local government, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB86-23B318/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Critique of Acid Lakes and Fish Population Status
in the Adirondack Region of New York State. Final
rept.,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
J. P. Baker, and T. B. Harvey. Aug 86,226p EPA/600/
3-86/046
Grant EPA-R-811814
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab
OR.
In the United States, the debate concerning the rela-
tionship between acidic deposition and acidification,
and acidification and fish population responses, has
focused on the Adirondack region of New York State.
The objectives of the study have been to summarize
and critique all available data on Adirondack lakes.
Using the existing data base, questions regarding the
acidity status of Adirondack lakes and potential effects
of acidification on fish are addressed.
Keywords: 'Acidification, "Fresh water fishes, 'Lakes,
"Water pollution, Responses, Populations, Acclimati-
zation, Losses, Organic compounds,
Concentration(Composition), pH, Turbidity, Objectives,
Assessments, Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data), New
York, 'Acid precipitation, Adirondack RegionfNew
York).
PB86-239423/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Radon
(Draft). Scientific review.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Jun 85,234p
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on Radon. The document is an ex-
tensive review of radon on the following topics: Physi-
cal and chemical properties; Toxicokinetics and
human exposure; Health effects of radon; Mecha-
nisms of toxicity of radon; Quantification of toxicologi-
cal effects.
Keywords: "Radon, "Potable water, "Water pollution,
Toxicology, Exposure, Public health, Physical proper-
ties, Chemical properties, Humans, Animals, Residen-
tial buildings, Dosage, Ground water, Populations, Sta-
tistical data, Tables(Data), 'Drinking water.
PB86-239761/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Methods for Evaluating Asbestos Abatement
Technology,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
R. Amick, and M. Karaffa. Aug 86,35p EPA/600/M-
86/022
Contract EPA-68-03-3197
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluates two analytical methods and sampling
schemes for their effectiveness to remove air-entrain-
able asbestos from Columbus East High School in Co-
lumbus Indiana. These methods were phase contrast
microscopy (PCM) and transmission electron micros-
copy (TEM). The sampling schemes included a static
method and an aggressive one using a leaf blower.
Study results indicate that building abatement did meet
the PCM specifications, however, the TEM results re-
vealed airborne asbestos concentrations averging four
times outdoor levels. As a result of the study, TEM
coupled with aggressive sampling is the currently rec-
ommended method of choice for postabatement clear-
ance.
652 Vol. 90, No. 24
Keywords: 'Asbestos, Air quality, Evaluation, Micros-
copy, Buildings, Construction, "Air pollution abate-
ment, Air sampling, Indoor air pollution.
PB86-239779/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Dewaterlng Wastewater Treatment Sludge By
Clathrate Freezing: A Bench-Scale Feasibility
Study. Research rept. 26 Aug 83-10 Apr 84,
BENMOL Corp., Alexandria, VA.
B. Molayem, and T. Bardakci. Aug 86, 35p EPA/600/
2-86/075
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Laboratory studies were performed to prove the con-
cept and feasibility for a novel technology to dewater
sludges. This involves the formation of solid hydrate
crystals of water and specific clathrate-forming agents
followed by separation of the hydrate crystal solids
from the sludge solids, producing a sludge solids mass
depleted of water content. The objectives were to
dewater sludges from the Millcreek Wastewater Treat-
ment Plant in Cincinnati, Ohio. Tests were performed
using Freon-11 as clathrate-forming agent, in a bench-
scale batch mode.
Keywords: 'Sludge, "Dewatering, "Sewage treatment,
Feasibility, Fluorohydrocarbons, Separation, Hydrates,
Solids, Crystals, Field tests, Ohio, Freon-11,
Cincinnati(Ohio).
PB86-239787/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Critical Review of Open Source Particulate Emis-
sion Measurements: Field Comparison. Final rept.
Jun 83-Jun 85,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
B. E. Pyle, and J. D. McCain. Aug 86,134p SORI-EAS-
85-444R, EPA/600/2-86/072
Contract EPA-68-02-3696
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of a review of sampling and
analytical procedures used by various testing firms to
quantify particulate emissions from open sources; e.g.,
roads and storage piles. Seven firms, who account for
nearly 100 percent of all open source data in the litera-
ture, described their current sampling and analytical
procedures. Five of these firms then participated in a
simultaneous side-by-side field test on a simulated un-
paved road at a major steel plant. Each firm independ-
ently measured the particulate emission concentra-
tions produced by roadway traffic. These measure-
ments produced not only the particle-size dependence
of the emissions but also the concentrations as func-
tions of the distance above the road surface. The re-
sults for each firm were expressed as emission factors
for total particulate and the mass fractions of the par-
ticulate with sizes <20, <15, <10, and <2.5 microm-
eters diameter. Based on an analysis of the results, it
was found that all five profiling systems could produce
equivalent results in terms of total emissions.
Keywords: Air pollution control, Chemical analysis,
Particle size, Roads, "Stationary sources, "Particulate
sampling.
PB86-239811/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Estimation of Water Quality Criteria Violation Fre-
quencies Using Pearson Percentiles,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
L. A. Rossman. Aug 86, 20p EPA/600/D-86/199
A numerical technique is developed for estimating
water quality violation frequencies due to pollutant dis-
charges from urban areas during combined sewer
overflow events. The first four moments of in-stream
pollutant concentration are found by integrating a pol-
lutant loading - water quality impact model over the
probability density functions of its stochastic rainfall
and streamflow inputs. The Pearson family of probabil-
ity distributions is then used to estimate violation fre-
quencies of water quality criteria. The approach proves
to be a flexible and efficient method for the initial
screening of alternative combined sewer overflow
abatement measures.
Keywords: 'Water quality, Contaminants, Urban areas,
Overflows, Sewers, Mathematical models, Probability
density functions, Stochastic processes, Criteria, Esti-
mates, "Water pollution control.
PB86-239829/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Urban Aerosol Modeling: Incorporation of an S02
Photochemical Oxidation Module in AROSOL. In-
terim rept. Jul 85-Jul 86,
Texas Univ. at Austin. Dept. of Chemical Engineering
J. R. Brock. Aug 86,49p EPA/600/3-86/048
See also PB84-233469. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Modules for the conversion of sulfate has been includ-
ed in the urban scale K-theory particulate model,
AROSOL. Two modules are included: one is an empiri-
cal first order S02 conversion scheme termed EMM
and the other is a series of chemical kinetic reactions
based on the Carbon Bond Mechanism, termed CBM-
IV. These modules can interact with two modules for
the aerosol phase. One, the aerosol dynamics model
(ADM), includes modules for the treatment of binary
nucleation of the sulfuric acid-water system and con-
densation on existing particles. The other is termed the
lumped aerosol model (LAM) and treats sulfate as an-
other separate component in the atmosphere. The use
of LAM and ADM with AROSOL is discussed. The use
of EMM and LAM in AROSOL is illustrated with test
simulations using 1982 Philadelphia Aerosol Field
Study data.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Aerosols, "Urban areas,
Mathematical models, Sulfur dioxide, Sulfates, Trans-
port properties, Coagulation, Evaporation, Condensa-
tion, Atmospheric dispersion, AROSOL model.
PB86-239837/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Mutagenic Activities of Wood Smoke Photooxlda-
tlon Products. Final rept. Oct 84-Jul 86,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
T. E. Kleindienst, P. B. Shepson, and E. O. Edney. Aug
86,54p EPA/600/3-86/049
Contract EPA-68-02-4033
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
Irradiations of diluted wood smoke were conducted to
assess the nature of the changes which are likely to
occur to such a complex mixture in the atmosphere.
The photochemical simulations were conducted for
two distinctive chemical conditions: (1) diluted wood
smoke alone, and (2) diluted wood smoke with nitro-
gen oxides (NOx) added to bring the hydrocarbon to
NOx ratio more in line with that observed in populated
areas. In all simulations, changes in chemistry and mu-
tagenic activity were measured for both the gas-phase
and aerosol-bound species. When diluted wood
smoke alone was irradiated, the reaction proceeded
quickly, but the extent of reaction was severely limited
by the lack of NOx. Nevertheless, the mutagenic activi-
ty of the vapor phase materials increased measurably.
For the experiments with added NOx, the photooxida-
tion process was more complete, and a comparison of
the mutagenic potential of the aerosol-bound chemi-
cals with the gas phase products was possible.
Keywords: "Smoke, *Photooxidation, "Combustion
products, Nitrogen oxides, Irradiation, Bacteria, Bioas-
say, 'Mutagenesis, 'Air pollution effects.
PB86-239886/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Scale-Up of Rapid Small-Scale Adsorption Testa
to Field-Scale Adsorbers: Theoretical Basis and
Experimental Results for a Constant Diffuslvity,
Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton.
J. C. Crittenden, J. K. Berrigan, D. W. Hand, and G.
Friedman. Aug 86,38p EPA/600/D-86/206
Prepared in cooperation with Montgomery (James M)
Inc., Pasadena, CA. Sponsored by Environmental Pro!
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. water Engineering Re-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Granular activated carbon (GAC) is an effective treat-
ment technique for the removal of some toxic organics
from drinking water or wastewater, however, it can be
a relatively expensive process, especially if it is de-
signed improperly. A rapid method for the design of
large-scale fixed-bed adsorbers from small column
studies, known as the rapid small-scale column test
(RSSCT), has been developed and evaluated. The
benefits of the RSSCT and the cost savings which is
associated with proper design make it a very attractive
alternative to a pilot study.
Keywords: 'Activated carbon treatment, 'Water treat-
ment, Design, Absorbers(Materials), Time, Cost effec-
tiveness, Mathematical models. Toxicity, Diffusion,
'Drinking water.
PB86-239894/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Genotoxicity of Gamma Irradiation in L5178Y
Mouse Lymphoma Cells. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
M. M. Moore, A. Amtower, G. H. S. Strauss, and C.
Doerr. C1986,8p EPA/600/J-86/121
Pub. in Mutation Research 174, p149-154 Jun 86. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Environmental Health Re-
search and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC
The L5178Y mouse lymphoma assay has been widely
used in short-term mutagenicity testing. Research into
the types of genetic damage detected at the thymidine
kinase locus indicates that the assay may be capable
of evaluating not only the potential gene mutagenicity
but also the clastogeniclty of a test chemical. The abili-
ty to distinguish between the two types of genetic
damage is based upon the observation that the mu-
tants can be separated by colony size, using an auto-
matic colony counter, into omega, small colonies and
lambda, large colonies. In addition omega mutants
appear to represent chromosomal alterations to that
chromosome 11 carrying the TK locus, while lambda
mutants may represent smaller-scale, single-gene mu-
tations. The process of evaluating the hypothesis in-
cludes the testing of agents of known clastogenicity
and an evaluation of the relative proportions of the
omega and lambda mutant frequencies. Several com-
pounds known to be clastogens have already been
shown to induce a significant proportion of omega mu-
tants.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, "Radiation effects, Gamma ir-
radiation, Mice, Lymphoma cells, Reprints, 'Genotoxi-
city.
PB86-239902/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Isolation and Long-Term Culture of Rat, Rabbit,
and Human Nasal Turbinate Epithelial Cells,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
V E. Steele, and J. T. Arnold. c1986,10p EPA/600/J-
85/446
Contract EPA-68-02-4032
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology, v21
n12p681-687, Dec 85.
Nasal turbinate epithelial cells were isolated from rats,
rabbits, and humans using either a surgical or an in situ
enzyme incubation technique. The culture conditions
that permit optimal cell attachment and selective
growth of the nasal epithelial cells were determined.
These conditions will permit the long-term culture of
these cells where typically 20 to 30 population dou-
blings were observed. Differences between rat and
human nasal epithelial cells were seen in substrate re-
quirements, colony-forming efficiency, and response
to fetal bovine serum and bovine serum albumin.
These methodology and results will permit mechanis-
tic studies of normal and abnormal cellular function
and permit comparative response studies between
nasal epithelial cells from rats and humans.
Keywords: 'Cells(Biology), Rats, Rabbits, Humans,
Isolation, Cultures(Biology), Reprints, 'Epithelial cells.
PB86-230910/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Toxic Chemicals in the Environment: A Program
of Field Measurements. Final rept. Apr 82-Jun 86,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. Atmospheric Sci-
ence Center.
H. B. Singh, R. J. Ferek, L. J. Salas, and K. C. Nitz. Aug
86,102p EPA/600/3-86/047
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
A series of field measurements was carried out in six
U.S. cities to assess the magnitude and variability of
the concentration of twenty-nine potentially toxic air
pollutants. The measurements were conducted on a
24-hour-per-day basis for periods of 1 to 3 weeks in
each the following cities: Philadelphia, PA; Staten
Island, NY; Downey (Los Angeles), CA; Houston, TX;
Denver, CO; and San Jose, CA. The chemicals which
were measured included chlorofluorocarbons, halo-
methanes, haloethanes, halopropanes, chlorinated al-
kenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, organic nitrogen com-
pounds, and aldehydes. For most species average
concentration were less than 5 parts per billion (v/v).
The data were analyzed and compared with historic
data in order to examine for trends.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Hazardous materials. Aro-
matic hydrocarbons, Aldehydes, Halogen organic
compounds,	Halohydrocarbons,
Concentration(Composition), Trends, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB86-239928/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Protocol for Identification of Reactivities of Un-
known Wastes,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Energy and Environ-
mental Div.
C. D. Wolbach. Aug 86,34p EPA/600/D-86/197
Contract EPA-68-02-3176
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Devises a test scheme, based on standard qualitative
test procedures, which will enable hazardous waste
site workers to determine the gross chemical composi-
tion of waste materials. The information is used to
classify wastes into reactivity groups, and thus predict
compatibility characteristics.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Wastes, Tests,
Chemical composition, Reactivity, Compatibility,
Waste disposal.
PB86-239936/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Failure Predictions for the Post-Closure Liability
Trust Fund Analysis. Rept. for Jul 82/83,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
G. W. Dawson, C. J. English, and P. Guerrero. Aug 86,
26p EPA/600/D-86/198
Contract EPA-68-03-3116
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
With passage of the Comprehensive Environmental
Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)
of 1980, Congress created two funds to assist in the
restoration of areas contaminated with hazardous
wastes. In addition to the better known 'Superfund'
which helps cover the cost of remedial action at aban-
doned or uncontrolled hazardous waste sites, Con-
gress mandated the Post-Closure Liability Trust Fund
(PCLTF). The latter fund is designed to cover the post-
closure maintenance, monitoring and remedial action
for sites closed under the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations. Congress charged
EPA with preparing a report by December of 1984
which would identify required changes in funding base
or the ceiling level to assure fund availability. EPA
chose to construct that report on the basis of a cou-
pled economic and geohydrologic model. The latter
would predict when and how various representative fa-
cilities will fail while the former would estimate what the
subsequent demands would be on the fund. The paper
describes the failure prediction module of the overall
model.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
Regulations, Maintenance, Mathematical models, Hy-
drogeology, Estimates, "Post-closure liability trust
fund, Superfund.
PB86-239944/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Biological Treatment of Toxics in Wastewater:
The Problems and Opportunities,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
D. F. Bishop, and N. A. Jaworski. Aug 86, 32p EPA/
600/D-86/201
EPA research on toxics control involves three ap-
proaches: (1) specific toxics treatability; toxicity detec-
tion and reduction; and innovative concepts to en-
hance control of toxics in biological treatment. Re-
search objectives are to develop predictive proce-
dures to estimate the fate of specific toxics in conven-
tional wastewater treatment. Progress in developing
the data on the removal mechanisms of partitioning,
volatilization and biodegradation is described.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Sewage treatment, Waste
water, Detection, Vaporazing, Biodeterioration, Identi-
fying, Hazardous materials, Anaerobic processes, Aer-
obic processes, 'Biological waste treatment, Path of
pollutants.
PB86-239951 /HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Standard Guide for the 'Salmonella typhimurium'/
Mammalian Microsome Tests for Bacterial Muta-
genicity,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. D. Claxton, K. E. Mortelmans, J. Allen, A. Auletta,
and E. Nestmann. Aug 86, 25p EPA/600/D-86/200
Since its development by Dr. Bruce Ames and his co-
workers, the Salmonella typhimurium/mammalian mi-
crosome mutagenicity assay has been used widely
throughout the world. Many authors have suggested
various modifications and made recommendations in
regards to the assay. Although the recommendations
of a panel of experts was published in 1979 by de-
Serres and Shelby, a committee of members of the En-
vironmental Mutagen Society (EMS) initiated the effort
in response to the encouragement by the American
Society of Testing and Materials (Committe E47.09.01)
and because of new developments within the field of
microbial mutagenesis tests, but it is not intended for
these recommendations to replace or diminish the
usefulness of presently available protocols and proce-
dures.
Keywords: 'Bacteria, 'Toxicology, Standards, Assay-
ing, Test methods, 'Microsome tests, 'Mutagenesis,
Salmonella tymphimurium.
PB86-240181/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Critical Review and Summary of Leachate and
Gas Production from Landfills,
Georgia Inst, of Tech., Atlanta. School of Civil Engi-
neering.
F. G. Pohland, and S. R. Harper. Aug 86,182p EPA/
600/2-86/073
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
A Cooperative Agreement between the Municipal En-
vironmental Research Laboratory and the Georgia In-
stitute of Technology was established in 1983 to pro-
vide an evaluation of the state-of-the-art in municipal
waste, landfill leachate and gas management. Sum-
maries of full-scale and experimental-scale data on
leachate and gas characteristics, control methods,
and the performance of a number of biological and
physical-chemical treatment alternatives have been
developed and are presented together with recom-
mendations for process implementation and future re-
search.
Keywords: Gases, Waste treatment, Activated sludge
treatment, Aeration, Aerobic processes, 'Leachates,
'Sanitary landfills, 'Waste management, 'Municipal
wastes, Solid waste disposal.
PB86-240934/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Retrospective View of the Value of Short-Term
Genetic Bioassays in Predicting the Chronic Ef-
fects of Diesel Soot,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
J. Lewtas, and K. Williams. Aug 86,26p EPA/600/D-
86/189
In retrospect, it is now safe to conclude that short-term
mutagenicity assays were not only useful but instru-
mental in: (1) indicating that diesel soot was potentially
carcinogenic and should be evaluated in chronic
animal cancer bioassays, (2) identifying N02-PAHs as
potential carcinogens in this very complex mixture, (3)
providing initial evidence that the mutagens were bioa-
vailable, and (4) estimating the relative importance of
various sources and fuels and other factors which can
influence human exposure to carcinogens. This is not
to say that short-term bioassays used alone can ac-
complish all of this. However, used in combination with
chemical/analytical methods and toxicological tools,
short-term genetic bioassays have become a critical
component of many environmental health studies. Al-
though substantial advances in our knowledge of the
toxicology of diesel emissions have been made since
1978 when the initial observation that the organics ex-
tracted from diesel soot were mutagenic, a number of
important questions remain not only for diesel emis-
sions but for other combustion sources as well.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Soot, 'Air pollution, bioas-
say, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Carcinogens,
Exposure, Exhaust emissions, Mutagen, Combustion
products, "Diesel engine exhaust, 'Inhalation, Chro-
mosomal aberrations.
PB86-240942/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Experiences In Operating a Full-Scale Granular
Activated-Carbon System with On-Site Reactiva-
tion. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
J. DeMarco, R. Miller, D. Davis, and C. Cole. C1983,
23p EPA/600/D-86/176
Pub. in Advances in Chemistry Series 202: Treatment
of Water by Granular Activated Carbon, p525-563
1983. Prepared in cooperation with Cincinnati Water
Works, OH.
Granular activated-carbon systems were studied in
two modes. In the first mode, the systems were acting
as a combined filter and adsorber and the filter beds
are referred to as a sand replacement system. These
carbon beds received coagulated and settled water
and the activated carbon acted both as a filter for car-
ryover solids and as an adsorbent material. The
second mode employed carbon for adsorption-only by
using conventional sand filters prior to the adsorption
process-and is referred to as a contactor system.
Major organic contaminants were determined. The
emphasis for data gathering in this study focused on
the economic evaluation of the use of the granular ac-
tivated-carbon systems investigated. (Copyright (c)
1983 American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Operations, 'Activated carbon treatment,
'Water treatment, Improvement, Fluid filters, Adsorp-
tion, Solids, Coagulation, Sand filters, Organic com-
pounds, Water pollution, Cost effectiveness, Drinking
water.
PB86-240959/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pilot Plant Study on the Use of Chlorine Dioxide
and Granular Activated Carbon. Journal article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
B. W. Lykins, and J. DeMarco. C1983,18p EPA/600/
D-86/177
Pub. in Advances in Chemistry Series 202: Treatment
of Water by Granular Activated Carbon, p425-453
1983.
Chlorine dioxide is shown to be an effective disinfect-
ant and its use allowed a 30-40% reduction in trihalo-
methane precursors in this pilot plant study in Evans-
ville, Ind. Granular activated carbon removed up to
80% of the remaining precursors at the beginning of a
test run when the influent concentration was high (120
micrograms/l) with no removals at exhaustion after 30
days of use. Performance curves for total organic
carbon removal were constructed for virgin and regen-
erated granular activated carbon; both showed an ini-
tial average removal of about 75%, and, after total or-
qanic carbon-exhaustion of about 60 days, the rate
dropped to 23%. (Copyright (c) 1983 American Chemi-
cal Society.)
Keywords: 'Chlorine oxides, 'Activated carbon treat-
ment, 'Water treatment, Pilot plants, Disinfection,
Halogen organic compounds. Removal, Performance
evaluation, Carbon compounds, 'Methanes.
PB86-240967/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Model of the Relative Contribution of Atmospher-
ic Lead to Total Human Lead Exposure in the
United States. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
R. W. Elias. Aug 86,18p EPA/600/D-86/180
This paper describes a systematic evaluation of the
total lead exposure of humans from both natural and
anthropogenic sources. The evaluation is a multi-
media approach that establishes an intermediate step
in modelling the relationship between air lead and
tissue lead. The model summarizes the total human
exposure to lead from all sources in anticipation that
such information can be correctly applied to physiolog-
ical models that interpret the relationship between lead
exposure and tissue lead concentrations. Only those
pathways that expose the human body to lead in the
human environment are discussed. The model does
not attempt to define exposure in natural ecosystems
nor is it concerned with details of the physiological
processes affecting the distribution of lead within the
human body.
Keywords: 'Humans, 'Exposure, 'Lead(Metal),
'Concentration(Composition), Aerosols, Air pollution,
Sources, Dust, 'lngestion(Biology), "Toxic sub-
stances, 'Environmental exposure pathway, "Inhala-
tion, Air quality, Food chains, Heavy metals.
PB86-240975/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Nltro-Substi-
tuted Cyclopenta-Fused PAH,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
J. M. Goldring, L. M. Ball, R. Sangaiah, and A. Gold.
Aug 86,19p EPA/600/D-86/182
Grant EPA-R-811817
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
PAH containing a peripherally fused cyclopenta ring
are genotoxically active in Salmonella and mammalian
cells and have been identified in combustion emis-
sions. Since the cyclopenta ring is predicted to be sus-
ceptible to electrophilic attack, nitrosubstituted cyclo-
penta-fused PAH may be formed in the presence of
NO(x), particularly in diesel exhaust, and hence be
present in the environment. Nitro derivatives of cyclo-
penta (cd) pyrene and the cyclopenta-fused benzanth-
racene isomers were prepared by reaction of the PAH
with dinitrogen tetroxide. The purifed products were
characterized by mass spectroscopy, (1)H NMR, UV-
vis and HPLC. In all cases, nitro substitution occurred
on the cyclopenta ring in accord with expectation. Pre-
liminary assay in S. typhimurium indicates that 4-nitro-
cyclopenta(cd)pyrene is mutagenically active without
exogenous metabolic activation in nitroreductase-
competent strains. The results of the study have al-
lowed us to test the hypothesis and will aid in develop-
ment of structure-activity relationships of nitroPAH.
Keywords: 'Synthesis(Chemistry), "Aromatic polycy-
clic hydrocarbons, Bioassay, Salmonella typhimurium,
Chemical analysis, Combustion products, Nitrogen or-
ganic compounds, Mutagens, 'Activity(Biology),
Benz(a)aceanthrylene, *Cyclopenta(ca)pyrene.
PB86-240983/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Multlcomponent Adsorption of Volatile Organic
Chemicals onto Granular Activated Carbon. Jour-
nal article,
Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton.
J. C. Crittenden, P. Luft, and D. W. Hand. C1984,15p
EPA/600/D-86/179
Pub. in Proceedings of AWWA (American Water Works
Association) Annual Conference on Experience To-
morrow Today, Dallas, TX., June 10-14, 1984, p785-
796. Sponsored by Municipal Environmental Research
Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
A technique has been developed to predict the fixed-
bed removal of known SOCs in background mixtures
of unknown composition. In addition, this technique
was used to relate the removal of important SOCs to
nonspecific measures of contamination such as total
organic halogen (TOX). In this work, ideal adsorbed
solution theory (IAST) was shown to predict the multi-
component isotherm of a six component mixture of
volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) which are regarded
as toxic groundwater contaminants. In addition, a
method of applying IAST to predict known component
behavior in a groundwater matrix of unknown composi-
tion was verified. (Copyright (c) AWNA Annual confer-
ence, 1984.)
Keywords: 'Water pollution, Adsorption, Ground
water, Activated carbon, 'Volatile organic compounds.
Toxic substances.
PB86-240991/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Neurotypic and Gliotypic Proteins as Biochemical
Indicators of Neurotoxicity,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.	s
J. P. O'Callaghan. Aug 86,18p EPA/600/D-86/186
Exposure of the developing or mature nervous system
to neurotoxic xenobiotics results in complex behavior-
al, physiological and morphological alterations. With
few exceptions, a biochemical basis for these toxicant-
induced changes has yet to be described (Damstra
and Bondy, 1982). The report briefly addresses the
issues to be considered when developing a biochemi-
cal approach to neurotoxicity assessment and it re-
views the progress of work concerning one strategy:
the use of neurotypic and gliotypic proteins as bio-
chemical indicators of neurotoxicity.
Keywords: 'Protein, "Bioindicators, "Neurotoxicity,
Neurotypic, Gliotypic.
PB86-241007/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Lead Exposures in the Human Environment. Final
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
R. W. Elias. C1985, 32p EPA/600/D-86/185
Pub. in Dietary and Environmental Lead: Human
Health Effects, p79-107 1985.
Humans consume lead by inhaling air, drinking bever-
ages, eating food and ingesting dust. The natural
source of this lead is primarily soil. Anthropogenic
sources are lead in gasoline, fossil fuels and industrial
products and processes. Lead is ubiquitous in the
human environment, and pinpointing the primary
sources of lead in any particular environmental compo-
nent is difficult. Nevertheless, our purpose is to de-
scribe the total exposure of humans to environmental
lead and to determine the sources of lead contributing
to this exposure. The total exposure is the total
amount of lead consumed by ingestion and inhalation.
Excluding lead exposure from choice or circumstance,
a baseline level of potential human exposure can be
defined for a normal individual eating a typical diet and
living in a non-urban community remote from industrial
sources of lead in a house without lead-based paints.
Beyond this level, additive exposure factors can be de-
termined for other environments (e.g. urban, occupa-
tional and smelter communities) and for certain habits
and activities (e.g. pica, smoking, drinking and hob-
bies), with variation for age, sex or socioeconomic
status.
Keywords: "Humans, "Lead(Metal), "Exposure,
"Ingestion(Biology), Sources, Air pollution, Land pollu-
tion, Potable water, Water pollution, "Toxic sub-
stances, "Environmental exposure pathway, 'Inhala-
tion, Food chains. Lead, Environmental health, Heavy
metals.
PB86-241015/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Relative Contribution of Lead from Anthropogen-
ic Sources to the Total Human Lead Exposure In
the United States. Final rept..
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
R. W. Elias. Aug 86,12p EPA/600/D-86/184
The paper evaluates human exposure to lead at a
baseline level for persons living in non-urban commu-
nities away from stationary or mobile sources of lead
eating typical diets, and engaging in no lead-related
occupational or avocational activities. Relative contri-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
buttons of atmospheric and metallic lead are evaluated
for each exposure pathway. For this baseline situation,
perhaps 40 to 55% of the total human exposure to
lead is of atmospheric origin. Beyond the baseline
level, additional exposure factors can be determined
for other environments (e.g. urban, occupational,
smelter communities) and for certain habits and activi-
ties (e.g., pica, smoking, drinking, and various hob-
bies), with variations for age, sex, or socioeconomic
status. Although quantification of these factors is un-
certain, they provide guidelines in determining relative
exposures under differing environmental conditions.
The added exposure factors can also be partitioned
into atmospheric, metallic, and pigment lead.
Keywords: "Humans, "Lead(Metal), "Exposure,
Sources, Dust, Air pollution, Children,
Concentration(Composition), "Environmental impact
assessment, "Environmental exposure pathway, "In-
halation, "Toxic substances, Lead, Environmental
health, Heavy metals, Air quality.
PBB6-241023/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OH.
Wetland Rehabilitation and Creation In the Pacific
Northwest,
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
M. E. Kentula. Aug 86,29p EPA/600/D-86/183
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
The oldest, best documented project is the Army
Corps of Engineers; Miller Sands Marsh and Upland
Habitat Development Project on the Columbia River,
completed in 1977. In Oregon and Washington the ma-
jority are located west of the Cascade Mountains and
near urban centers. Types of wetlands being rehabili-
tated/created are intertidal mudflats, seagrass beds,
salt marshes, fresh water ponds and associated wet-
lands, and riparian and in-stream habitat. The permit-
ting/mitigation process, e.g. Section 404 of the Clean
Water Act, has an impact on the rehabilitation/creation
of wetlands. To evaluate the success of a rehabilita-
tion/creation project goals must be clearly stated, the
construction plans given, the proper incorporation of
design features verified, and a quantitative monitoring
program established.
Keywords: "Improvement, "Marshes, Construction,
Sea grasses, Ponds, Urban areas, Design, Monitoring,
Evaluation, Oregon, Washinaton(State), "Wetlands,
Pacific Northwest RegionflJnited States), Salt
marshes, Habitats.
PB66-241031/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Addendum to TUPOS - Incorporation of a Hesitant
Plume Algorithm,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
D B. Turner. Aug 86,39p EPA/600/8-86/027
See also PB86-181310.
The existance of non-Gaussian plume behavior within
the convective boundary layer has been pointed out
and recently discussed at a national conference.
Briggs has suggested convective scaling parameteri-
zations for surface crosswind integrated concentra-
tions. Combined with parameterization of the cross-
wind spreading and assuming that the horizontal diffu-
sion is Gaussian, allows estimation of concentrations
on the horizontal plane. These techniques have been
incorporated into an existing dispersion computer
code to result in TUPOS-2.0.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Atmospheric diffusion,
Mathematical models, Algorithms, Computer pro-
grams, Plumes, "Air quality, Gaussian plume models,
TUPOS model.
PB86-241049/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Uranium.
Scientific review.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Apr 85,198p
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on Uranium. The document is an
extensive review of uranium on the following topics:
Physical and chemical properties: Toxicokinetics and
human exposure: Health effects: Mechanisms of toxic-
ity; Quantification of toxicological effects.
Keywords: "Uranium, "Potable water, "Water pollu-
tion, Exposure, Physical properties, Chemical proper-
ties, Public health, Humans, Animals,
Concentration(Composition), Ground water,
States(United States), "Drinking water.
PB86-241080/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of GAC (Granular Activated Carbon)
Performance and On-Site Reactivation at the Man-
chester, NH. Water Treatment Plant. Journal article,
Manchester Water Works, NH.
D. Paris, R. Beaurivage, D. Kittredge, and B. Lykins.
C1982, 24p EPA/600/D-86/178
Pub. in Proceedings of AWWA (American Water Works
Association) 1982 Annual Conference, Miami Beach,
FL., May 16-20, 1982 p119-140. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water
Engineering Research Lab.
The performance and cost of reactivating granular ac-
tivated carbon at a fluidized bed reactivation system
was studied. The feasibility of on-site reactivation, as
well as regionalized reactivation, was demonstrated.
Keywords: "Activated carbon treatment, "Water treat-
ment, Activation, Performance evaluation, Fluidized
bed processors, Cost analysis, Feasibility, New Hamp-
shire, Reprints, Manchester(New Hampshire).
PB86-241098/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Particulate Sampling and Analysis. Book chapter,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
L. E. Sparks. 1984,50p EPA/600/D-86/188
Pub. in Handbook of Air Pollution Technology, ch31
P785-832 1984.
The chapter provides information needed to ensure
that sampling and data analysis are well done. It dis-
cusses sampling and analysis associated with mass
tests using EPA Test Methods 5 and 17 and particle
size distribution tests conducted with cascade impac-
tors. All steps in the sampling and data analysis proc-
ess are covered. Considerably more space is given to
cascade impactors than to EPA Test Method 5, mainly
because cascade impactors are more difficult to use
and data reduction is difficult. Computer programs for
reducing mass train and cascade impactor data are
presented, along with quality control recommenda-
tions.
Keywords: "Air pollution, Computer programs, Particle
size distribution, Particles, Dust, Flue gases, Data
processing, Chemical analysis, Aerosols, "Particulate
sampling, Cascade impactors, Stationary sources.
PB86-241379/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Man-Made
Radionuclide Occurrence (MMRD) (Draft).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Jun 85,164p
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water
Criteria Document on Man-Made Radionuclide Occur-
rence (MMRO). This Criteria Document is an extensive
review of the following topics: Physical and chemical
properties of man-made radionuclides, Toxicokine-
tics and human exposure to MMRO, Health effects of
MMRO, Mechanisms of toxicity of MMRO; Quantifica-
tion of toxicological effects of MMRO.
Keywords: "Radioactive contaminants, Cesium 137,
Iodine 131, Strontium 90, Tritium, Toxicity, "Drinking
water, "Health hazards, "Radiation doses, Dose
equivalents, Radiation equivalence, Radionuclide ki-
netics.
PB86-241387/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Ground Water Quality Protection: State and Local
Strategies. Final rept. 1 Oct 84-30 Apr 86,
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
1986, 326p ISBN-0-309-03685-2
Library of Congress catalog card no. 86-12350. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, DC.
The report summarizes the committee's review of 10
states and 3 local areas and identifies those significant
technical and institutional features that show progress
and promise in providing protection of ground water.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Water pollution, State
government, Protection, Effectiveness, Ground water
recharge, Classifications, Aquifers, States(United
States), Project planning, Local government, Manage-
ment, Priorities.
PB86-241635/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Design and Measurement Considerations for Ex-
ercise Protocols in Human Air Pollution Inhalation
Studies,
California Univ., Santa Barbara. Inst, of Environmental
S. M. Horvath. C1985,14p EPA/600/D-86/191
Pub. in Inhalation Toxicology of Air Pollution: Clinical
Research Considerations, p25-35 1985. Sponsored by
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
The impact on pulmonary functions of exercising at dif-
ferent intensities during pollutant exposures was eval-
uated. It was apparent that there was considerable
variation in exercise protocols. These variations oc-
curred in the magnitude of the exercise load, the dura-
tion of the exercise period, and the timing of the exer-
cise during exposure. It was also apparent that ventila-
tion during rest and exercise was not always deter-
mined; in many instances ventilation was estimated
based on other criteria, such as heart rate. The influ-
ence of ambient temperature conditions was frequent-
ly not considered. Determinations of pulmonary func-
tions were also made at various time intervals follow-
ing exercise or subsequent rest periods. All of these
factors could result in some degree of misinterpreta-
tion of the consequences of pollutant exposure. (Copy-
right (c) American Society for Testing and Materials,
1985.)
Keywords: "Exercise(Physiology), Exposure, Humans,
Respiratory system, "Inhalation, "Air pollution
effects(Humans), Oxidants.
PB86-241643/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Geotechnlcal Aspects of Bottom Sealing Existing
Hazardous Waste Landfills by Injection Grouting.
Rept. for Jun 82-Apr 83,
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS.
R. J. Larson, and J. H. May. Aug 86,21p EPA/600/D-
86/193
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Preliminary results are given of compatibility testing for
various grouts with selected hazardous wastes. The
testing is a part of an ongoing project to determine the
geotechnical feasibility of utilizing selected grouts and
state-of-the-art techniques in the bottom sealing of ex-
isting hazardous waste sites. All of the grout set times
appear to be affected to some degree by being mixed
with the selected waste solutions on a 1 to 1 volume
basis. The urethane grout tested was the most sensi-
tive to the presence of the various waste solutions.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Grout, "Sealers,
Compatibility, Waste disposal, Tests, Urethanes,
"Sanitary landfills, Liquid wastes.
PB86-241650/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Repair, Replacement and Renovation of Drinking
Water Systems,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research Div.
R. M. Clark, C. L. Stafford, and J. A. Goodrich. Jul 83,
9p EPA/600/D-86/194
The paper deals with the problems associated with
maintaining and replacing water supply distribution
systems. Statistical models as well as graphic displays
have been developed to examine the relationship be-
tween water supply infrastructure development and
urban land development. A technical economic analy-
sis of the factors influencing the reliability of water dis-
tribution system and associated costs for repair and
replacement was made.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Water supply, 'Distribution systems. Land
development, Urban areas. Reliability, Economic anal-
ysis, Maintenance, Water quality, Potable water, Drink-
ing water.
PB86-24166B/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Development of Federal Air Standards to Reduce
Sulfur Dioxide Emissions from New Industrial
Boilers. Rept. for Oct 79-Apr 84,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
D. M. Byrne, C. B. Sedman, and R. L. Pahel-Short. Aug
86, 25p EPA/600/D-86/190
The paper gives EPA's conclusions from analyses
which led to the decision to propose percent reduction
Federal new source performance standards (NSPS) to
control air emissions of sulfur dioxide (S02) from new
industrial boilers. It summarizes the NSPS, proposed
by EPA on June 19, 1986. The NSPS would require
boiler owners to reduce S02 emissions by 90% and
meet an emission limit of 1.2 lb/million Btu of heat
input for coal-fired boilers, and 0.8 lb/million Btu for oil-
fired boilers. In developing the NSPS, several regula-
tory options were considered, from standards that
could be met by firing low sulfur fuels to those that
would require flue gas treatment. The environmental,
economic, and cost impacts of each option were ana-
lyzed. National impacts were estimated by a computer
model that projects the population of new boilers over
the 5-years following the proposal, predicts the compli-
ance strategy that will be used to comply with the par-
ticular option (always assuming that the lowest cost
compliance method will be selected), and estimates
the resulting emission reductions and costs. Impacts
on specific industries and on model boilers were also
analyzed.
Keywords: 'Boilers, "Air pollution control, "Sulfur diox-
ide, Standards, Economic analysis, Environmental im-
pacts, 'Stationary sources.
PB86-241700/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Conventional Water Treatment and Direct Filtra-
tion: Treatment and Removal of Total Organic
Carbon and Trihalomethane Precursors. Journal
article,
Massachusetts Univ., Amherst. Dept. of Civil Engineer-
ing.
J. K. Edzwald. C1986,41 p EPA/600/D-86/192
Pub. in Organic Carcinogens in Drinking Water: Detec-
tion Treatment, and Risk Assessment. ch8, p199-235
1986. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research
Lab.
After describing the fundamentals of coagulation of
humic substances for alum and cationic polyelectro-
lytes, field studies of two conventional-type water
treatment plants are discussed. THM formation
through the plants is examined, and removals of total
organic carbon (TOC) and THM are summarized. Plant
operation, water quality, and plant design that affect
THM formation control and precursor removal are re-
viewed. Direct filtration with cationic polymers as the
sole coagulant is a feasible treatment process for
waters of low to moderate TOC and total trihalometh-
ane levels.
Keywords: 'Carbon, 'Organic compounds, 'Water
treatment. Filtration, Halogen organic compounds, Po-
lyelectrolytes, Humic acids. Coagulation, Alums, Oper-
ations, Water quality. Methanes.
PB86-241866/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Radium
(Draft). Scientific review.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Apr 85, 168p
The Document reviews the following topics on radium;
Physical and chemical properties; Toxicokinetics and
human exposure; Health effects; Mechanisms of toxic-
ity; and Quantification of toxicological effects.
Keywords: 'Radium, 'Potable water, 'Radium iso-
topes. Physical properties, Geochemistry, Exposure,
Humans, Animals, Ground water, Public health, Toxi-
cology, Dosage, Risk, Malignant neoplasms, Water
656 Vol. 90, No. 24
quality criteria, Drinking water, Radium 226, Radium
228.
PB86-242450/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
INPUFF 2.0 - A Multiple Source Gaussian Puff Dis-
persion Algorithm. User's Guide. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
W. B. Petersen, and L. G. Lavdas. Aug 86,118p EPA/
600/8-86/024, EPA/SW/MT-86/026A
For system on magnetic tape, see PB86-222361. See
also PB86-242468.
INPUFF is a Gaussian Integrated PUFF model. The
Gaussian puff diffusion equation is used to compute
the contribution to the concentration at each receptor
from each puff every time step. Computations in
INPUFF can be made for a single or multiple point
sources at up to 100 receptor locations. In practice,
however, the number of receptors should be kept to a
minimum. In the default mode, the model assumes a
homogeneous wind field. However, the user has the
option of specifying the wind field for each meteorolog-
ical period at up to 100 user-defined grid locations.
Three dispersion algorithms are utilized within INPUFF
for dispersion downwind of the source. Optionally the
user can incorporate his own subroutines for disper-
sion and plume rise. Removal is incorporated through
deposition and gravitational settling algorithms. A soft-
ware plotting package is provided to display concen-
tration versus time for a given receptor and the puff tra-
jectories after each simulation time.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, "At-
mospheric diffusion, Fortran, Algorithms, 'Atmospher-
ic dispersion, 'Gaussian plume models, 'INPUFF
models, Point sources.
PB86-242468/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
INPUFF, Multiple Source Puff Model,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
W. B. Petersen. Aug 86,10p EPA/600/D-86/187,
EPA/SW/MT-86/026B
For system on magnetic tape, see PB86-222361. See
also PB86-242450.
INPUFF is a Gaussian integrated PUFF model. The
Gaussian puff diffusion equation is used to compute
the contribution to the concentration at each receptor
from each puff every time step. Computations in
INPUFF can be made for a single or multiple point
sources at up to 100 receptor locations. In practice,
however, the number of receptors should be kept to a
minimum. In the default mode, the model assumes a
homogeneous wind field. However, the user has the
option of specifying the wind field for each meteorolog-
ical period at up to 100 user-defined grid locations.
Three dispersion algorithms are utilized within INPUFF
for dispersion downwind of the source. Optionally the
user can incorporate his own subroutines for disper-
sion and plume rise. Removal is incorporated through
deposition and gravitational settling algorithms. A soft-
ware plotting package is provided to display concen-
tration versus time for a given receptor and the puff
trajectories after each simulation time.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Mathematical models, 'At-
mospheric diffusion, Fortran, Algorithms, "INPUFF
models, "Gaussian plume models, "Atmospheric dis-
persion.
PB86-242641/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD.
Conference on Medical Screening and Biological
Monitoring for the Effects of Exposure in the
Workplace, Held at Cincinnati, Ohio on July 10-13,
1984.
National Inst, for Occupational Safety and Health, Cin-
cinnati, OH.
1984,74p
Sponsored by National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD.,
and Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
DC.
Contents: Schedule; Program; Joint planning commit-
tee; Index of speakers; Presentation abstracts; Partici-
pants.
Keywords: "Meetings, 'Industrial medicine, "Medical
screening, 'Preventive medicine, Exposure, "Occupa-
tional safety and health, "Biological monitoring.
PB86-242658/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Nonparametric Version of Williams' Test for a
Randomized Block Design. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D. E. House. 1986,6p EPA/600/J-86/122
Pub. in Biometrics 42, p187-190 Mar 86.
A large-sample nonparametric version of Williams' test
for comparing increasing doses of a substance with a
zero-dose control response is given for observations
from a randomized block experimental design. The
method is based on Friedman-type ranks. Williams'
test and the nonparametric equivalent for a one-way
design are briefly described. The validity of the new
method is shown and a numerical example is given.
Keywords: 'Dosage, Validity, Reprints, Williams test,
Randomized block design.
PB86-242740/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Development of New Bloassay Protocols,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
K. M. Duke, and R. G. Merrill. c1981, 23p EPA/600/D-
86/181
Pub. in Management of Toxic Substances in Our Eco-
systems-Taming the Medusa, Chapter 6, p101-120
1981. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lab.
The chapter explains the philosophy and usefulness of
a phased approach in assessing potential environmen-
tal hazards of stationary source emissions, and gives
examples of the experience and success of the ap-
proach to date. Recognition of the problems associat-
ed with the environmental release of wastes has re-
sulted in environmental legislation, including the Clean
Air and Clean Water Acts and their various amend-
ments, and the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA). The U.S. EPA has developed an environ-
mental assessment program for obtaining such infor-
mation for waste streams. The wastes from industrial
and energy conversion processes constitute a major
source of exposure for humans and other organisms.
Large quantities of such wastes are released annually
to the environment in gaseous, liquid, and solid forms.
Exposure by organisms is by direct inhalation, Inges-
tion, or absorption through food web transfer.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, Bioassay, As-
sessments. "Toxic substances, "Stationary sources,
'Waste management, Pollution control, Solid wastes,
Liquid wastes, Gaseous wastes, Protocols.
PB86-242757/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Evaluation of Rural Air Quality Simulation Models.
Addendum C: Klncald S02 Data Base,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
W. M. Cox, H. W. Rorex, and G. K. Moss. Mar 86,134p
EPA/450/4-83/003C
See also PB86-148426.
The addendum provides additional information regard-
ing the performance of four rural air quality simulation
models using S02 air quality and a modelers data
base assembled for the Kincaid Power Plant. The
report contains numerous tabulations of each model's
performance in terms of statistical measures recom-
mended by the AMS. The four models evaluated in-
cluded MPTER (EPA), PPSP (Martin Marietta Corp)
MPSDM (ERT) and TEM-8A (Texas Air Control Board)!
Results from this evaluation were similar in many ways
to those obtained from Clifty Creek and Muskingum
River. PPSP clearly over-predicted concentrations in
almost every data category while MPSDM, MPTER,
and TEM exhibited relatively small but detectable
biases depending on averaging period and data cate-
gory.
Keywords: "Electric power plants, "Air pollution
"Mathematical models, Evaluation, Rural areas, Sulfur
dioxide, Statistical data, 'Air quality.
PB86-242856/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
U.S. EPA Workshop to Develop a Simple Model
for Acid Deposition. Final rept.,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
H. E. Jeffries. Jul 86, 57p EPA/600/9-86/017
Contract EPA-68-02-3839
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
The Acid Deposition Planning Staff in the Office of
Acid Deposition/EPA requested that the Atmospheric
Sciences Research Laboratory undertake the devel-
opment of a low-computational-demanding model suit-
able for educational use in understanding the linear or
non-linear nature of the acid deposition process and
that could assist in constructing a 'what if analysis for
a particular situation. In response, ASRL held a work-
shop, attended by EPA and non-EPA scientists, to dis-
cuss the design of such a model. In addition, a five-
person working committee of non-EPA scientists was
established to write a statement of work for the con-
struction of such a model. The report summarizes the
planning activities that occurred before the workshop,
the two days of discussion held at the workshop, the
three days of working committee meetings after the
workshop, and includes the resulting Statement of
Work for the creation of a Comprehensive Chemistry
Acid Deposition Model (CCADM).
Keywords: "Meetings, *Air pollution, 'Atmospheric
models, Atmospheric chemistry, *Acid rain, CCADM
model.
PB86-242B64/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Airborne Asbestors Health Assessment Update.
Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
W. J. Nicholson. Jun 86, 217p EPA/600/8-84/003F
Recent data from population studies strengthened the
association of asbestos with disease. Lung cancer and
mesothelioma are the most important asbestos-relat-
ed causes of death. The data suggest that the excess
risk of lung cancer from asbestos exposure is propor-
tional to cumulative exposure (duration X intensity) and
underlying risk in the absence of exposure. Risk of
death from mesothelioma appears proportional to cu-
mulative exposure in a given period. Animal studies
confirm the human epidemiological results. All major
asbestos varieties produce lung cancer and mesotheli-
oma, with only limited differences in carcinogenic po-
tency. One can extrapolate the risks of asbestos can-
cers from occupational exposures, although the uncer-
tainty is approximately tenfold or greater. Calculations
of asbestos unit risk values are uncertain and based
on subjective estimates because of the following limi-
tations in data: (1) extrapolation from high occupation-
al levels to much lower ambient levels; (2) the uncer-
tainty of mass-to-fiber conversion; (3) statistical uncer-
tainties; (4) various biases and confounding aspects of
medical data; and very importantly, (5) nonrepresenta-
tive exposure estimates.
Keywords; 'Asbestos, 'Industrial medicine, Lung
cancer, Exposure, Malignant neoplasms, Mesotheli-
oma, Health risks, 'Air pollution effects(Humans), 'Oc-
cupational safety and health, Cancer.
PB86-243227/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Triethyltln-lnduced Neuronal Damage In Neonatal-
|y Expose Rats. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
B. Veronesi, and S. Bondy. 1986,13p EPA/600/J-86/
126
Pub. in Neurotoxicology, v7 n1 p69-80 Apr 86. Pre-
pared in cooperation with National Inst, of Environ-
mental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Neuropathologies! and biochemical effects of neona-
tal exposure to the alkyl metal triethyltin were exam-
ined in Long Evans juvenile male rats. Rats were in-
ected intraperitoneafiy on post-natal day 5 with 6 mk/
kg of triethyltin bromide and sampled on day 20. The
brains of tin-treated animals weighed significantly less
than either saline or starved controls and exhibited a
marked anterior-posterior atrophy. Histologically, neur-
onal necrosis was noted in the enthorhinal and transi-
tional cortex, an observation confirmed by immunocy-
tochemical staining of astrocytes. Hippocampal in-
volvement was further evidenced by a protrusion of the
molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, and an abnormal
staining pattern of acetylcholinesterase in this layer.
Sections stained by the Timm's method for the deposi-
tion of heavy metals showed a marked reduction in the
staining of the hippocampal CA4-2 sectors and an ab-
sence of stained laminae in the outer molecular layer
of the dentate gyrus. Receptor binding assays indicat-
ed a selective depression of the benzodiazepine re-
ceptor in the hippocampus of tin-treated pups com-
pared to starved controls. Taken in concert, these data
indicate that neonatal exposure to triethyltin produces
severe neuronal damage in the posterior cortex and a
derangement of hippocampal afferent circuitry.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Bioassay, Exposure, Rats,
Laboratory animals. Neurons, Reprints, 'Neurotoxico-
logy, 'Triethyltin/alkyl metal.
PB86-243235/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Genotoxlclty Studies of Benz(1)Aceanthrylene.
Journal article,
Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
A. D. Kligerman, M. M. Moore, G. L. Erexson, K. H.
Brock, and C. L. Doerr. c1986,11 p EPA/600/J-86/
127
Contract EPA-68-02-4031
Pub. in Cancer Letters 31, p123-131 1986. Sponsored
by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
The genotoxicity of the cyclopenta-fused polycyclic ar-
omatic hydrocarbon, benz(1)aceanthrylene
(B(1)A),was evaluated in vitro using the L5178Y/T (K
sup + /-) mouse lymphoma assay and in vivo using the
mouse peripheral blood lymphocyte (P8L) culture
system. The mutagenicity and sister chromatid ex-
change (SCE) inducing potential of B(1)A) was then
compared to that of benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P). B(1 )A ap-
peared to be slightly less mutagenic than B(a)P at the
TK locus, and each compound produced both small
and large colony mutants indicating that they are clas-
togenic as well as mutagenic. Gross chromosome ab-
erration analysis of treated L5178Y/TK+/- mouse
lymphoma cells confirmed the clastogenicity of B(1)A
in vitro. In the mouse PBL system, after administration
by gavage, B(1)A was more cytoxic nd produced a
sharper elevation in SCE frequency than B(a)P. (Copy-
right (c) Cancer Letters, 1986.)
Keywords: 'Toxicity, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocar-
bons, Exposure, Mice, Mutagens, Reprints, 'Benza-
ceanthrylenes, 'Toxic substances. Chromosomal ab-
errations.
PB86-243243/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Correlation between Neurotoxic Esterase Inhibi-
tion and Mlpafox-lnduced Neuropathic Damage in
Rata. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
B. Veronesi, S. Padilla, and D. Lyerly. C1986,12p EPA/
600/J-86/125
Pub. in Neurotoxicology, v7 n1 p207-216 Apr 86. Pre-
pared In cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The correlation between neuropathic damage and inhi-
bition of neurotoxic esterase or neuropathy target
enzyme (NTE) was examined in rats acutely exposed
to Mipafox (N, N'-diisopropylphosphorodiamidofluori-
date), a neurotoxic organopnospate. Brain and spinal
cord NTE activities were measured in Long-Evans
male rats 1 hr post-exposure to various dosages of Mi-
pafox (ip, 1-15 mg/kg). These data were correlated
with histologically scored cervical cord damage in a
separate group of similarly dosed rats sampled 14-21
days post-exposure. Those dosages (greater than or
equal to 10 mg/kg) that inhibited mean NTE activity in
the spinal cord greater than or equal to 73% and brain
greater than or equal to 67% of control values pro-
duced severe (greater than or equal to 3) cervical cord
pathology in 85% of the rats.
Keywords: Rats, Laboratory animals, Neuropathology,
Reprints, 'Esterase inhibition, 'Mipafox, Neurotoxico-
logy.
PB86-243250/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Biochemical and Neuropathologlcal Assessment
of Triphenyl Phosphite In Rats. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
B. Veronesi, S. Padilla, and D. Newland. 1986,11 p
EPA/600/J-86/125
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharamacology, v83
n2 p203-210 Apr 86.
The putative neurotoxicity of the organophosphorus
compound triphenyl phosphite (TPP) was examined in
Long Evans, adult male rats. Animals were exposed to
two 1.0 ml/kg (1184 mg/kg) injections (sc) of TPP
spaced 1 week apart and sampled for biochemical and
neuropathological examination. At the time of sam-
pling, rats displayed dysfunctional changes including
tail rigidity, circling, and hindlimb paralysis. Neuropath-
ic damage was confined to the lateral and ventral col-
umns of all spinal levels and consisted of myelin ellip-
soids and giant axonal-swellings filled with smooth en-
doplasmic reticulum. Wallerian-like degeneration was
observed in the spinal roots, the sciatic nerve, and
tibial branches. Biochemical assessment of brain ace-
tylcholinesterase (AChE) and neurotoxic esterase
(NTE) activity was determined 1, 4, 24, 48, and 72 hr
after the second TPP treatment. Both enzyme activity
concentrations were depressed maximally at 48 hr
postexposure by 30 and 39%, respectively. Serum
cholinesterase, sampled 48 hr after the second TPP
exposure was depressed by 33%. Data from this study
indicate that subchronic exposure to the organophos-
phite TPP results in severe neurotoxic consequences
which differ from those previously described in rats
with organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Bioassay, Rats, Laboratory
animals, Phosphorus organic compounds, Reprints,
'PhoSphite/triphenyl, 'Neurotoxicology.
PB86-244191/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Public Health and Environmental Exposure As-
sessment: Unison PCB Separation Facility, Hen-
derson County, Kentucky (Draft).
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Aug 86,288p EPA/904/9-86/141
The report summarizes the results of a Public Health
and Environmental Exposure Assessment conducted
by EPA Region IV on the proposed UNISON* PCB
separation facility to be operated in Henderson
County, Kentucky. The report is intended primarily as a
public information document which describes those
aspects of EPA's study which can be revealed without
compromising UNISON trade secrets. The report sum-
marizes information and analyses required by EPA to
evaluate a request by UNISON to operate an alternate
method of PCB disposal under the Toxic Substances
Control Act (TSCA).
Keywords: 'Public health, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Hazardous materials, Exposure, Kentucky,
'Toxic substances, "Polychlorinated biphenyls, 'Envi-
ronmental exposure pathway, 'Environmental impact
assessments, Environmental health, Henderson
County(Kentucky).
PB86-244209/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Description and Implications for Analysis of Brain
Growth In Suckling Mice. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D. E. House, E. Berman, and H. B. Carter. C1985,16p
EPA/600/J-85/445
Pub. in Growth 49, p426-438 1985.
The growth pattern of the brains of normal.CD-1 mice
was studied from day 1 through day 21 after birth. The
main purpose of the study was to decide on suitable
methods of statistical analysis of these kinds of data
including whether to analyze brain weight or the brain-
to-body weight ratio. A secondary purpose, which
aided the main purpose, was to find functions that de-
scribe the relationships between growth parameters.
Linear-linear segmented polynomials were found to
describe well the relationships between (a) brain
weight and body weight, (b) brain weight and age, (c)
brain-to-body weight ratio and body weight and (d)
brain-to-body weight ratio and age. The analyses indi-
cated that brain weight alone Is the preferred variable
to analyze. Regression analysis of brain weight with
sex and up to the first three powers of body weight and
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
age as independent variables would be a suitable
method of analysis. Litter size per se had no effect on
brain weight.
Keywords: 'Brains, "Central nervous system, Mice,
Laboratory animals, Growth, Statistical analysis, Re-
gression analysis, Reprints.
PB86-244217/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Design of Fixed-Beds to Remove Multicomponent
Mixtures of Volatile Organic Chemicals,
Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton.
J. C. Crittenden, G. Friedman, D. W. Hand, J. Berrigan,
and T. Speth. C1985,23p EPA/600/D-86/205
Pub. in Proceedings of the AWWA (American Water
Works Association) Annual Conference (1985), Wash-
ington, DC., June 23-27, 1985, p1327-1346. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati,
OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Laboratory bench-scale experiments determined that
the ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) was ade-
quate to predict multicomponent competitive interac-
tions of adsorbates from single solute isotherm experi-
ments. A correlation (developed by Williamson et al.)
for the film transfer coefficient was sufficient to predict
these coefficients for the VOC's. A correlation was
also developed to estimate the surface diffusivity. The
homogeneous surface diffusion model (HSDM), which
incorporates IAST and the mass transfer correlations,
can predict the multicomponent breakthough of
VOC's. (Copyright (c) AWWA Annual Conference Pro-
ceedings, 1985.)
Keywords'. 'Surface chemistry, Thermodynamic prop-
erties, Mathematical models, Diffusion,
Concentration(Composition), Water pollution, 'Volatile
organic compounds.
PB86-244308/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Fluorescence Detection and Identification of Nitro
Derivatives of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocar-
bons by On-Column Catalytic Reduction to Aro-
matic Amines. Journal article.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
S. B. Tejada, R. B. Zweidinger, and J. E. Sigsby. 1986,
10p EPA/600/J-86/120
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v58 n8 p1827-1834 Jul
86.
Nitro-PAHs at trace level concentrations were reduced
on-column to corresponding amino PAHs with a plati-
num/rhodium catalyst in a methanol-water reverse-
phase HPLC system. The technique provides a con-
venient and sensitive method for detecting nitro-PAHs
by fluorescence measurements of the corresponding
amines. The technique has been incorporated in a
simple automated system that eliminates sample
cleanup in the determination of selected nitro-PAHs in
complex matrices. Detection limit for 1-nitro pyrene is
better than 10 pg on-column. Fluorescence spectra of
19 amino PAHs were measured. The catalyst does not
change the chemical integrity of the PAHs but induces
unknown chemical reactions on polar oxygenated spe-
cies. The catalyst enhances the intensity of fluores-
cence emissions of most PAHs by removing quench-
ing effects of dissolved oxygen. The pyrene emission
signal is increased eightfold.
Keywords: "Aromatic polycyclic compounds, 'Chro-
matographic analysis, Nitrogen organic compounds,
Chemical analysis, Catalysts, Reprints, Fluorescence
spectroscopy.
PB86-244639/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Work-
shop on Global Atmospheric Change and EPA
Planning. Final rept. 1 Jul 85-30 Jun 86,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
H E Jeffries. Jul 86, 275p EPA/600/9-86/016
Contract EPA-68-02-3839
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, He-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
Expanding industrial and agricultural growth are lead-
ing to greater emissions of many compounds that are
658 Vol. 90, No. 24
changing the earth's atmosphere and climate. The
changes are warming of the climate caused by green-
house gases, stratospheric ozone modifications
caused by chlorofluorocarbons, and tropospheric
chemistry modifications caused by carbon monoxide
and methane. Consensus among scientific research-
ers as to the causes, probable magnitudes, and timing
of the changes has led to a call for assessment of
policy options and impacts. Eight technical papers,
presenting the state of the science, were given by non-
EPA climate researchers. In addition to typical discus-
sion and dialogue, a panel of policy makers and scien-
tists discussed the impact of the projected global cli-
mate change on EPA planning. EPA responses to cli-
mate problems were suggested.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Climatic changes, "Air pollution,
Meetings, Carbon monoxide, Troposphere, Strato-
sphere, Methane, Government policies, Environmental
impacts, Research program administration, Heat flux,
Decision making, Chlorine organic compounds, Fluor-
ohydrocarbons, Research projects, Greenhouse
effect, 'Global.
PB86-244647/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Filter Blank Contamination in Asbestos Abate-
ment Monitoring Procedures: Proceedings of a
Peer Review Workshop Held at Cincinnati, Ohio
on April 24-25, 1986.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
T. J. Powers. Aug 86,236p EPA/600/9-86/025
Because the blank filters used to collect airborne as-
bestos fibers in buildings and ambient air showed a
high degree of asbestos contamination, a 'peer review'
meeting was held to document causes and potential
solutions to reduce or eliminate contamination of blank
filters. The 'Peer Review of Asbestos' produced a
workshop type document to assist analytical laborato-
ries and field samplers in eliminating the filter blank
contamination problem. Numerous positive sugges-
tions made in the proceedings will enhance the quality
assurance and quality control aspects of sample han-
dling and analysis.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Meetings, Chemical analysis,
Contamination, Quality assurance, Quality control, 'Air
pollution sampling, 'Blank filters, "Air pollution abate-
ment, Indoor air pollution.
PB86-244738/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Sepa-
ration of Chlordecone and Its Metabolites. Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. E. George, L. C. King, and L. D. Claxton. c1986, 5p
EPA/600/J-86/124
Pub. in Chromatographia, v22 n1-6 Jun 86.
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was
used to separate chlordecone, Kepone, and two of its
metabolites, hydro-chlordecone and dihydrochlorde-
cone. Elution of the three peaks occurred after the sol-
vent concentration reached 100% and was maintained
at 100% methanol for approximately five minutes. The
method was linear for chlordecone in the concentra-
tion range of 10 to 100 micrograms. (Copyright (c)
1986 Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn Verlagsgesellschaft
mbH.)
Keywords: "Chromatographic analysis, Insecticides,
Pesticides, Chemical analysis, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, 'Chlordecone, Cyclobutapentaienone/de-
cachlorooctahydro, High performance liquid chroma-
tography, Metabolites, CAS 143-50-0.
PB86-244746/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
In-situ Treatment of Hazardous Waste Contami-
nated Soils,
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
R. Sims, and K. Wagner. Aug 86,26p EPA/600/D-86/
196
Contract EPA-68-03-3113
Prepared in cooperation with Utah Water Research
Lab., Logan. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati. OH. Water Engineering Research
Lab.
Techniques were investigated for in-situ treatment of
hazardous wastes that could be applied to contaminat-
ed soils. Included were chemical treatment methods,
biological treatment, photochemical transformations
and combination methods. Techniques were devel-
oped based on fundamental principles of soil science
and hazardous waste management.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Solid waste dispos-
al, "Water pollution control, Soils, Excavation, Industri-
al wastes, Soil properties. Microorganisms, Protection,
Ground water, Surface waters, Regulations, Manuals.
PB86-244845/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Report on the Survey of Abandoned Uraniferous
Lignite Mines in Southwestern North Dakota,
Office of Radiation Programs-Las Vegas Facility, NV.
R. J. Lyon, D. Prochaska, J. L. Burgess, and D. Patrick.
Mar 86, 59p EPA/520/1 -86/013
Prepared in cooperation with North Dakota State Dept.
of Health, Bismarck.
A radiation survey was conducted in October 1983 as
part of the proposed reclamation plan of abandoned
uraniferous lignite mines in southwestern North
Dakota. The survey was made to determine the extent
of contamination caused by mining operations in the
1960's. Radiation measurements were made and soil
samples were taken at approximately 300 locations
around six mine sites comprising eleven lignite mine
pits. Toxic element analysis was also done on 50 of
the soil samples.
Keywords: 'Radiation, Surveys, Lignite, Mines, Urani-
um, Contaminants, Tailings, Wastes, North Dakota.
PB86-244878/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
User's Guide for POSTZ: A Post-Processor for the
SHORTZ Air Quality Model. Final rept.,
TRC Environmental Consultants, Inc., Mill Creek, WA.
K. D. Winges. Jul 86,98p REPT-3481-R81, EPA/910/
9-86/144
Contract EPA-68-02-3886
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seat-
tle, WA. Region X.
The report provides instructions for the use of the
POSTZ computer program, a post-processor for the
SHORTZ air quality model. The POSTZ program is de-
signed to read a sequential output tape of concentra-
tions produced by the SHORTZ model. The POSTZ
program provides summary tables of the highest con-
centrations for different averaging times. The POSTZ
program allows the user to restrict the analysis to spe-
cific receptors, sources or periods of meteorological
data. In addition, the user can scale the concentrations
from a particular source if desired. The user can select
between running or block averages, and can imple-
ment the EPA calms policy if desired. The output
tables can be in the form of the highest five concentra-
tions for each receptor, the top 50 concentrations for
all receptors, or all concentrations computed to be
above a user specified criteria value.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Meteorology, Turbulent dif-
fusion, SHORTZ, Dispersion modeling, Complex ter-
rain.
PB86-244936/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Radionuclides: Background Information Docu-
ment-Standard for Radon-222 Emissions from
Underground Uranium Mines.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Apr 85,157p EPA/520/1-85/010
See also PB80-122336.
The report presents background data and other infor-
mation on underground uranium mining and related
emissions of radionuclides, the risks associated with
these emissions, and methods for reducing the emis-
sions. Information was complied from the technical lit-
erature, previous studies by EPA and the Bureau of
Mines, comments received from rulemaking notices
and discussions with industry representatives.
Keywords: 'Radioactive contaminants, Underground
mining, Radiation hazards, Environmental impacts
Standards, Reprints, 'Radon 222, "Uranium mines'
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-245040/HSU	PC E10/MFS9.95
Illinois Water Quality Report, 1984-1985. Final rept.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
Jul 86, 260p IEPA/WPC/86-014
See also PB86-109790. Includes fourteen sheets of
48X reduction microfiche.
The report addresses the quality of the waters of the
State of Illinois for the period of 1984 and 1985. Water
quality indices and percent violations of State water
quality standards were computed for ambient stream
data by river basin. Intensive survey results are given
for selected basins and were used to assess stream
use attainment. Existing and potential biotic resource
characterizations of Illinois streams are given. Data
also summarized included organics in water and fish
flesh, bottom sediment, and facility-related surveys.
Ambient and volunteer lake and Lake Michigan water
quality data were analyzed, and intensive lake/water-
shed surveys (including Section 314 Clean Lakes Pro-
gram diagnostic/feasibility studies) were summarized.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, "Illinois, Monitoring,
Streams, Standards, Lake Michigan, Fisheries, Lakes,
Maps, Tables(Oata), 'Water quality data.
PB86-245248/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Guideline on Air Quality Models (Revised).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jul 86,267p EPA/450/2-78/027R, OAQPS-1.2-080R
See also PB-288 783.
The guideline recommends air quality modeling tech-
niques that may be applied to air pollution control strat-
egy evaluations and new source reviews, including
prevention of significant deterioration. It is intended for
use by EPA Regional Offices in judging the adequacy
of modeling analyses performed by EPA, by State and
local agencies, and by industry and its consultants. It
also identifies modeling techniques and data bases
that EPA considers acceptable. The guideline makes
specific recommendations concerning air quality
models, data bases, and general requirements for con-
centration estimates.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Mathematical models, At-
mospheric models, Atmospheric diffusion, Guidelines,
Ozone, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen dioxide, *Air qual-
ity, Gaussian plume models, Diffusion modeling.
PB86-2452SS/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Inorganic Arsenic Risk Assessment for Primary
and Secondary Lead Smelters, Primary Zinc
Smelters, Zinc Oxide Plants, Cotton Gins, and Ar-
Mnlc Chemical Plants.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Strategies and Air Standards Div.
Apr 85,101 p EPA/450/5-85/002
The document contains the quantative expressions of
public cancer risks for 6 inorganic arsenic source cate-
gories. For primary and secondary lead smelters, pri-
mary zinc smelters, zinc oxide plants, cotton gins and
arsenic chemical plants, numerical expressions are
presented of public exposure to ambient air concentra-
tions of inorganic arsenic estimated to be caused by
emissions from stationary sources. In addition, a dose-
response model is outlined that numerically relates the
degree of exposure to airborne inorganic arsenic to the
risk of getting lung cancer,
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Toxicology, "Public
health. 'Arsenic, Risk, Assessments, Exposure,
Smelters, Lead(Metal), Zinc, Cotton gins.
PB86-245438/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Low-Btu Gasification Wastewater Technical Sup-
port Document. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Jul 86,236p
The purpose of the document is to present the process
and effluent data that were collected and analyzed by
the EPA from 1979 to 1981 on the low-Btu gasification
industry. It is hoped that this information will be useful
to permit writers, industry, and the general public when
determining appropriate wastewater pollution control
systems for the low-Btu gasification industry. The term
low-Btu gasification in the document concerns air
blown gasifiers using coal as the primary feedstock
and producing a gas with a heating value of approxi-
mately 150 Btu/SFC. Information is provided on the
status of the low-Btu gasification industry, wastewater
characterization, production process descriptions, and
wastewater treatment technologies.
Keywords: 'Gasification, 'Coal, 'Waste water, 'Water
pollution control, Low Btu gas.
PB86-245594/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Agriculture and the Water Quality Management
Plan. A Mldcourse Review of the Soil Erosion and
Sedimentation Control Component.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
May 86, 29p IEPA/WPC/86-009
The original Section 208 Water Quality Management
Plan (WQM) recommendations for soil erosion and
sediment control have been reviewed and compared
with current efforts to control agricultural related non-
point source pollution in Illinois. To continue the use of
the WQM Plan as a tool in reducing nonpoint source
pollution, some sections within it will need to be
strengthened.
Keywords: "Soil erosion, "Water quality management.
Erosion control, Sediments, Comparison,
Tables(Data), Illinois, "Agricultural watersheds, Non-
point sources.
PB86-246279/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Laboratory-Determined Concentration Factors
and Elimination Rates of Some Anthropogenic
Radionuclides in Marine Vertebrates and Inverte-
brates. Final rept.,
Lawrence Livermore National Lab.,CA.
F. L. Harrison. Jul 85,122p EPA/520/1-85/015
Sponsored by Office of Radiation Programs, Washing-
ton, DC.
Literature is reviewed and summarized with regard to
concentration factor values and biological elimination
rates determined in laboratory experiments for several
anthropogenic radionuclides. Comparison is made
with concentration factors measured in situ in the
marine environment.
Keywords: "Radioactive isotopes, "Marine biology,
"Reviews, Laboratories, Veterbrates, Intervebrates,
Concentration(Composition), Plutonium, Americium,
Strontium, Cobalt, Algae, Mollusca, Cesium, Dosage,
Crustacea, Tables(Data), Elimination, Seafood.
PB86-246295/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Inorganic Arsenic NESHAPS: Response to Public
Comments on Health, Risk Assessment, and Risk
Management.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Apr 85,223p EPA/450/5-85/001
The document contains detailed responses to public
comments received from the US EPA's proposal to
regulate inorganic arsenic emissions from primary
copper smelters and glass manufacturing plants. In
particular, responses to issues regarding health ef-
fects associated with inorganic arsenic exposure, the
assessment of public risk and the management of risk
information are included.	1
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Toxicology, "Public
health, 'Arsenic, Risk, Assessments, Exposure,
Copper smelters, Air pollution effects(Humans).
PB86-247343/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Innovative and Alternative Technology Projects:
1986 Progress Report
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Municipal Pollution Control.
Sep 86, 57p
See also PB86-110434.
Contents: Innovative technology project descriptions;
(Overland flow, sequencing batch reactors, intrachan-
nel clarification, hydrograph controlled release la-
goons, vacuum assisted sludge dewatering beds, ul-
traviolet disinfection, counter-current aeration sys-
tems), Alternative technology case studies: (Cedar
Rocks, West Virginia, vacuum collection system,
Cannon Beach, Oregon, wetlands/marsh system,
Clayton County, Georgia, spray irrigation and
wastewater recycling system, Kenbridge, Virginia,
overland flow system, East Richland County, South
Carolina, sludge composting system, Charlotte, Michi-
gan, methane recovery system).
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, "Sewage treatment,
Sludge drying, Dewatering, Vacuum apparatus, Disin-
fection, Aeration, Ultraviolet radiation, Irrigation, Waste
water reuse, Land application.
PB86-247657/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division Standard Evaluation
Procedure - Ecological Risk Assessment,
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Hazard Evaluation Div.
D. J. Urban, and N. J. Cook. Jun 86,104p EPA/540/9-
86/167
See also PB83-153908.
The Standard Evaluation Procedure (SEP) for Ecologi-
cal Risk Assessment is a guidance document primarily
intended for Agency reviewers and the regulated in-
dustry who assess environmental exposure, ecotoxi-
cological hazard, and risk from the use of pesticides.
The SEP is also intended to provide information to the
general public indicating how the Agency uses ecotoxi-
cology hazard data and exposure data in conducting
an ecological risk assessment. As such, it is designed
to supplement Subdivision E of the Pesticide Assess-
ment Guidelines: Hazard Evaluation - Wildlife and
Aquatic Organisms, and Subdivision L: Pesticide As-
sessment Guidelines: Hazard Evaluation - Nontarget
Insects.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Pesticides, "Wildlife, Guidelines,
Tests, Exposure, Risk, Assessments, Aquatic animals,
Insects, Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenti-
cide Act.
PB86-247848/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision N,
Environmental Fate: Series 165-2, Field Accumula-
tion Studies on Rotational Crops. Addendum 1 on
Data Reporting,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
S. M. Creeger. Jun 86,16p EPA/540/9-86/149
See also PB83-153973.
The report gives guidance to pesticide registrants on
the format for their study report so that the Agency can
review it efficiently. The guidance clarifies sections in
the existing Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivi-
sion N, on data reporting. It provides an outline for the
study report and describes the topics which should be
addressed such as the composition of the product
used, a map of the test plots, complete record of daily
temperature and daily rainfall throughout the study, de-
scription of the handling of the samples, etc. Data sub-
mitters can use the DRG in preparing their reports for
submission to EPA to meet 40 CFR 158 data require-
ments for the registration of pesticides.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Guidelines, "Farm crops, En-
vironmental surveys, Chemical properties,
Concentration(Composition), Atmospheric tempera-
ture, Rainfall, Regulations, National government, Test
methods.
PB86-247970/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Radiofrequency Radiation Environment: Environ-
mental Exposure Levels and RF (Radiofrequency)
Radiation Emitting Sources,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
N. N. Hankin. Jul 86,94p EPA/520/1-85/014
The report summarizes the radiofrequency radiation
environment to which the public is exposed. The con-
tents consist of information on environmental levels of
radiofrequency radiation produced by systems in
common use such as AM and FM radio, VHF and UHF
television, microwave communications, radar, and
mobile radio. The Exposure environment is discussed
in terms of the system characteristics important to its
creation.
Keywords: "Environmental impacts, "Electromagnetic
radiation, Radiofrequencies, Microwaves, Radio equip-
ment, Television equipment, Radar equipment, Expo-
sure, Urban areas, Measurement, Magnitude, Popula-
tions, Sources, Radio broadcasting, Television broad-
casting, Power spectra, Antennas, Tables(Data).
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB86-248176/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision E,
Addendum 1, Hazard Evaluation: Wildlife and
Aquatic Organisms. Series 71-2, Acute Dietary
LC50 Test for Waterfowl and Upland Game Birds.
Series 71-1, Acute Oral LD50 Test for Waterfowl
or Upland Game Birds. Series 71-4, Avian Repro-
duction Test for Waterfowl and Upland Game
Birds,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
C. Laird, and D. McLane. Jun 86,46p EPA/540/9-86/
152
See also PB83-153908.
Tests for Waterfowl and Upland Game Birds and Avian
Reproduction Tests gives guidance to the pesticide
registrant on the format of the study report so that the
Agency can review it efficiently. This guidance clarifies
sections in the existing Pesticide Assessment Guide-
lines. Subdivision E, Series 71-1, 71-2, and 71-4 on
data reporting provides an outline for the study report
and formats for data tables which data submitters can
use in preparing their reports to be submitted to EPA to
meet 40 CFR 158 data requirements for the registra-
tion of pesticides.
Keywords: "Guidelines, 'Pesticides, "Toxicity, "Water
pollution, Dosage, Birds, Acclimatization, Mortality,
Temperature, Reproduction(Biology), Tests, "Water-
fowl, Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide
Act.
PB86-248184/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision F,
Hazard Evaluation: Humans and Domestic Ani-
mals. Series 83-3, Rat or Rabbit Developmental
Toxicity Study. Addendum 1 on Data Reporting.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jun 86,15p EPA/540/9-86/150
See also PB83-153916.
The Data Reporting Guideline (DRG) for a Rat or
Rabbit Developmental Toxicity Study, Series 83-3,
gives guidance to pesticide registrants on the format of
their study report so that the Agency can review it effi-
ciently. This guidance clarifies sections in the existing
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision F, on
data reporting. It gives examples of data tables and
provides an outline for the study report which data sub-
mitters can use in preparing their reports for submis-
sion to EPA to meet 40 CFR 158 data requirements for
the registration of pesticides.
Keywords: "Guidelines, "Pesticides, "Toxicity, "Water
pollution, Humans, Animals, Assessments, Reporting,
Standards, Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenti-
cide Act.
PB86-248192/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
I	Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision 0,
Addendum 2, Residue Chemistry. Series 171-4,
Analytical Method(s), Magnitude of the Residue:
Crop Field Trials and Storage Stability Study,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
M. J. Nelson, and F. D. Griffith. Jun 86, 25p EPA/540/
9-86/151
See also PB83-153981 and PB86-203734.
The Data Reporting Guideline (DRG) for residue
chemistry for Analytical Methods, gives guidance to
pesticide registrants on the format for their study
report so that the Agency can review it efficiently. This
guidance clarifies sections in the existing Pesticide As-
sessment Guidelines, Subdivision O, on data report-
ing. It provides an outline for the study report listing
items which should be discussed. Data submitters can
use the DRG in preparing their reports for submission
to EPA to meet 40 CFR 158 data requirements for the
registration of pesticides.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Guidelines, "Toxicity, "Farm
crops, "Water pollution, Residues, Assessments, Re-
porting, Standards.
PB86-903100/HSU	Subscription
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Assist-
ance Administration Manual Updates.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Grants Administration Div.
1986,1p
660 Vol. 90, No. 24
Supersedes PB85-903100.
Paper copy available on subscripation, North Ameri-
can Continent price $80.00 for 2 years; all others write
for quote. Basic report available as PB85-903199.
This assistance administration manual is the succes-
sor to the EPA grants administration manual that was
first published by the grants administration division
(GAD) in 1976. This new manual not only reflects sev-
eral major changes in federal grant law that resulted
from enactment of the federal grant and cooperative
agreement act of 1977, but also incorporates changes
required by several revised environmental statutes
adopted since that date. The assistance administration
manual provides policies and procedures for managing
administrative aspects of all EPA financial assistance
programs except the scientific activities overseas pro-
gram (funded by U.S. owned excess foreign currency),
Questions on that program should be directed to
EPA's office of international activities. The manual is
organized to track the application, award, and post-
award phases of the assistance process.
Keywords: "Pollution, "Grants, "Air pollution, "Water
pollution. Tables(Data), Solid waste disposal, Sewage
treatment, Research projects, Air pollution control,
Water pollution control.
PB86-904200/HSU	Subscription
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Publica-
tions Bibliography Quarterly Abstract Bulletin.
Quarterly repts.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1986,4 issues
Supersedes PB85-904200.
Paper copy available on subscription, North American
Continent price $80.00/year; all others write for quote.
Also available in single copies.
The EPA Cumulative Bibliography 1970-1976 pub-
lished in December 1976 (order number PB-265 920)
contains a bibliographic citation with abstract for re-
ports generated by EPA and its predecessor agencies
and entered into the NTIS collection through 1976.
Access points to this cumulative are by Report Title;
Subject (keywords); Corporate or Personal Author;
Contract Number; and Accession/Report Number. Be-
ginning in March 1977, quarterly update and supple-
ments were published listing and indexing EPA techni-
cal reports and journal articles entered into the NTIS
collection during the preceding quarter. An additional
index titled Sponsoring EPA Office was included as
well. The fourth issue of the year contains bibliographic
citations with abstracts for the preceding quarter and
cumulative indexes for the calendar year.
Keywords: "Bibliographies, "Air pollution, "Water pol-
lution, Abstracts, Subject indexing, Authors, Technical
reports, Regulations, Standards, Waste disposal,
Water supply, Land use, Public health, Exhaust emis-
sions, Pesticides, Oil pollution, Radiation, "Environ-
mental protection, Air quality maintenance, Air pollu-
tion effects(Animals), Air pollution effects(Humans),
Air pollution effects(Plants), Air pollution
effects(Materials).
PB87-100038/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
SOILINER Model - Documentation and User's
Guide (Version 1). Rept. for May 85-May 86,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
R. A. Johnson, E. S. Wood, R.J. Wood, and J.
Wozmak. Apr 86,197p EPA/530-SW-86/006A
Contract EPA-68-01-6871
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Among the provisions of the Hazardous and Solid
Waste Amendments of 1984 are minimum technologi-
cal requirements for hazardous waste landfills, surface
impoundments and waste piles. Any new surface im-
poundment must install two or more liners and a leach-
ate collection system between such liners. The lower
liner must be designed, operated, and constructed to
prevent breakthrough of constituents over the period
of operation, including any post-closure care period. A
computer program, SOILINER, has been developed to
assist in the evaluation of these liners. The program is
for an IBM PC/XT and IBM PC/AT or compatible per-
sonal computer. Important features inherent to the
SOILINER model include the ability to simulate: (1)
multi-layered systems, (2) variable initial moisture con-
tent, and (3) changing conditions on the boundaries of
the compacted soil liner flow domain.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Earth fills, "Linings,
'Water pollution control, Evaluation, Mathematical
models, Moisture content, Boundaries, Soil water.
Computer programming, Hydraulic, Conductivity]
Steady state, Fortran, Graphs(Charts), Leachates]
Soillmer model.
PB87-100046/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Interactive Computer Model for Calculating V-l
Curves in ESPs (Electrostatic Precipitators) Ver-
sion 1.0. Rept. for Jul 84-Jul 86,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
P. Lawless, and L. E. Sparks. Sep 86, 207p EPA/600/
8-86/030A
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The manual describes two microcomputer programs
written to estimate the performance of electrostatic
precipitators (ESPs): the first, to estimate the electrical
conditions for round discharge electrodes in the ESP;
and the second, a modification of the EPA/SRI ESP
model, to estimate the particle collection efficiency of
the ESP operating with the electrical conditions pre-
dicted by the first program. Both programs, written in
the BASIC computer language, are designed for the
IBM-PC and compatible computers and the Tandy
2000 computer. The programs require Advanced
BASIC and a color graphics adapter. The V-l program
allows prediction of electrical conditions for both posi-
tive and negative corona and for arbitrary discharge
electrode diameters and wire-to-wire spacing. This
means that most commercial discharge electrode ge-
ometries can be simulated by proper selection of wire
diameters and spacing. Both the V-l and performance
models are completely documented in the report, in-
cluding a discussion of the theory on which the models
are based.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, Performance, Com-
puter programs, BASIC programming language, Parti-
cles, "Electrostatic precipitators, Stationary sources.
PB87-100525/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Development of an Ad|ustable Buoyancy Balloon
Tracer of Atmospheric Motion. Phase 2. Develop-
ment of an Operational Prototype. Interim rept.,
Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM.
B. D. Zak, H. W. Church, E. W. Lichfield, and M. D Ivev
Aug 85,138p EPA/600/3-86/050
See also PB85-185817. Prepared in cooperation with
Spectra Research Inst., Albuquerque, NM., and Tele-
metries Southwest, Albuquerque, NM. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
The prototype is a research tool which allows one to
follow horizontal and vertical atmospheric flows in-
cluding the weak sustained vertical motion of meso-
and synoptic-scale atmospheric disturbances. The
design goals for the Tracer Balloon being developed
here specify a lifetime greater than or equal to 3 days
tracking range greater tnan or equal to 1000 km, a ceil-
ing altitude greater than or equal to 5.5 km (500 mb)
and the capability to respond to mean vertical flows as
low as 1 cm/s. The Tracer Balloon is also to measure
and telemeter selected meteorological variables, to be
sufficiently inexpensive to permit use in significant
numbers, and to be serviced by a ground system capa-
ble of handling several Tracers at a time. The immedi.
ate need for the effort is to evaluate the accuracies of
air pollution transport models, to establish source-re-
ceptor relationships out to 1000 km, and to assess the
limits on the predictability of source impacts at lono
distances.	*
Keywords: "Meteorological balloons, "Atmospheric
motion, "Air pollution, Buoyancy, Design criteria, At-
mospheric disturbances,	Prototypes
Tracking(Position), Cloud cover, Diagrams, Drawings!
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-100533/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Air Pollution Impacts When Quenching Blast Fur-
nace Slag with Contaminated Water. Final rept.
Dec 83-Apr 84,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
G. Annamraju, and P. J. Schworer. Sep 86,59p EPA/
800/2-86/078
Contract EPA-68-02-3173
See also PB84-172493. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report gives results of an effort to determine if a
potential alternative to treatment prior to discharge of
coke plant wastewater will result in a significant in-
crease in emissions to the atmosphere. The alterna-
tive is using the wastewater, untreated, to quench blast
furnace slag. To develop a preliminary determination,
six emission measurements were made on a laborato-
ry-scale facility simulating typical slag quenching prac-
tice. Test parameters encompassed two slag tempera-
tures (594 and 816 C) and two waters, ASTM Type 1
water and coke plant effluent diluted to 2500 mg/liter
TDS. The results indicate that particulate emissions in-
crease with slag temperature and TDS in the water.
Minor quantities of organic compounds were emitted,
but showed no correlation with test variables. The data
also showed no correlation between emissions of
sulfur dioxide or fluoride and test variables.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, *Quenching(Cooling),
'Blast furnaces, 'Slags, 'Water pollution control, In-
dustrial waste, Particles. Waste water, Coking, 'Waste
water reuse, 'Blowdown water, Stationary sources,
Environmental effects.
PB87-100541/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Regional Reactivation of Granular Activated
Carbon. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
J. Q. Adams, R. M. Clark, B. W. Lykins, and D.
Kittredge. 1986, 7p EPA/600/J-86/136
Pub. in Jnl. of the American Water Works Association,
V78(5) p.38-41 May 86.
A major portion of the cost of using Granular Activated
Carbon (GAC) as a water treatment unit process is as-
sociated with spent carbon replacement or reactiva-
tion. Regional reactivation or sharing a reactivation fur-
nace among several users, has been proposed as a
means of minimizing this cost. To test the concept, a
field scale regional reactivation project was conducted
by the Manchester, New Hampshire Water Works in
conjunction with three other water utilities. Each of the
three participating utilities provided 40,000 pounds of
carbon to be transported to Manchester for fluidized
bed reactivation. Data was gathered on reactivation
operations and costs, and transportation costs and
carton losses. Results of the study demonstrated that
regional reactivation can be cost effective as com-
pared to virgin carbon replacement and in certain in-
stances more cost effective than on-site reactivation.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Adsorbents, Cost anal-
ysis, Potable water, Contaminants, Reprints, 'Granular
activated carbon treatment, Drinking water.
PB87-100558/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Reactivity of Nitrogenous and Other Organic
Compounds with Aqueous Chlorine. Journal article.
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
E. L. Katz. 1986,10p EPA/600/J-86/135
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 36, n5 p7l5-722 May 86.
A protocol for determining the chlorine demand of or-
ganic compounds was developed and tested Organ-
ics were reacted with chlorine at mole ratios of 1:05,
1:1, and 1:3 at pH values of 6, 7, and 8 over a one
week period. Compounds tested were drawn mainly
from the EPA Register of Organic Pollutants In water
list and the Priority Pollutants list. Over two hundred
compounds were tested and showed a wide range of
reactivity. Some compounds reacted with chlorine
completely within 60 mln. Others required 1-3 days.
Others displayed no chlorine demand over a week's
period. Amino acids, organic sulfur compounds, pyr-
roles, prolines, phenolics, indoles, and most primary
amines were very reactive exerting over 90% chlorine
demand within sixty minutes. Imide structures, second-
ary amines and pyrimidines were generally moderately
active, (1-3 days to react). Compounds displaying little
or no reactivity as measured in these tests include al-
cohols, nitroso compounds, pyridines, ethers, organic
acids, ketones, napthelens, alkanes, chlorinated pesti-
cides and quinolines. Xanthines, purines, and amides
varied in their reactivity depending upon other func-
tional groups in the structure.
Keywords: 'Chlorine, 'Chemical reactivity, Nitrogen
organic compounds, Chemical reactions, Water pollu-
tion, Water treatment, Reprints, Toxic substances,
Protocol.
PB87-100566/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Environmental Effects in the Atmospheric Corro-
sion of Zinc,
Bureau of Mines, Avondale, MD. Avondale Research
Center.
S. D. Cramer, J. P. Carter, P. J. Linstrom, and D. R.
Flinn. Aug 86,49p EPA/600/D-86/202
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
The Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior,
as part of the National Acid Precipitation Assessment
Program, is conducting a field exposure program to
measure the corrosion damage on commonly used
structural metals and the incremental effects of acidic
deposition and other environmental variables. Corro-
sion damage, air quality, rain chemistry and meteorol-
ogy are being continuously measured at 5 sites in the
Eastern and Midwest U.S. for periods up to 84 months.
Corrosion damage on zinc for periods up to 36 months
was determined from weight-loss measurements,
analysis of corrosion film chemistry and precipitation
runoff chemistry. The long-term zinc corrosion film
may consist of a stable inner layer sensitive to atmos-
pheric SO sub 2, and a non-protective outer layer. Dry
deposition of SO sub 2 and NO sub 2 is significant.
Zinc losses from the corrosion film are proportional to
Hsub L.
Keywords: 'Zinc, 'Atmospheric corrosion, Rain,
Runoff, Deposition, Environmental effects, Air quality.
PB87-100574/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Analysis of Utility Control Strategies Using the
LIMB (Limestone Injection Multistage Burner)
Technology. Final rept. May 85-Jul 86,
Radian Corp.. Research Triangle Park, NC.
T. E. Emmel, and B. A. Laseke. Sep 86,49p RAD-86-
203-023-28-05, EPA/600/7-86/029
Contracts EPA-68-02-3994, EPA-68-02-3995
Prepared in cooperation with PEI Associates, Inc., Cin-
cinnati, OH. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lab.
The report gives results of an evaluation of the impact
of proposed acid rain legislation on the potential appli-
cation of limestone injection multistage burner (LIMB)
technology incorporating recent research and devel-
opment findings. Several regulatory strategies and
emission reduction targets were developed. For each
regulatory strategy developed, the control technology
mix of LIMB, flue gas desulfurization (FGD), and coal
switching required to achieve the selected emission
reduction level was determined. Next, the maximum
number of boilers to which LIMB technology could be
applied was determined by examining technical and
regulatory constraints and emission reduction targets.
The cost effectiveness of each regulatory case and
control technology mix was estimated to evaluate the
cost of each control technology mix. The study found
that proposed acid rain legislation which mandates the
retrofit of hiph efficiency control technologies such as
FGD or which requires national S02/NOx reduction
levels greater than 10 million tons per year would sig-
nificantly reduce the application of LIMB.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Utilities, Regula-
tions, Cost analysis, Flue gases, Desullurization, Sulfur
dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Boilers, Legislation, Lime-
stone injection multistage burner, 'Acid rain.
PB87-100582/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Characterization of Chemical Waste Site Contami-
nation and Determination of Its Extent Using
Bioassays. Journal article,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
J. M. Thomas, J. R. Skalski, J. F. Cline, M. C.
McShane, and W. E. Miller. C1986,17p EPA/600/J-
86/130
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry v5
p487-501 Jun 86. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmen-
tal Research Lab., OR.
The purpose of using bioassays to evaluate soils, soil
elutriates, and surface and subsurface water from haz-
ardous chemical waste sites is to provide a more
direct, integrated estimate of environmental toxicity.
Based on bioassay data, chemical waste sites can be
ranked according to their toxic potential or mapped for
cleanup operations. The objectives of the study were
to (a) assess the comparative sensitivity of test orga-
nisms to known chemicals, (b) determine if the chemi-
cal components in field soil and water samples of un-
known composition could be inferred from laboratory
studies using pure chemicals and (c) investigate krig-
ing (a relatively new statistical 'mapping' technique) of
bioassay results as a method to define the areal extent
of contamination. In support of these objectives, data
are presented on the response of the organisms listed
in the Hazardous Materials Assessment Team (HMAT)
test protocol (3) to pure chemicals from three chemical
subgroups (heavy metals, insecticides and herbicides).
Keywords: 'Bioassay, 'Toxicity, Contamination, Land
pollution, Water pollution, Chemical analysis, Soils,
Microorganisms, Toxicity, 'Toxic substances, "Envi-
ronment pollution.
PB87-100590/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Age on Sensitivity of 'Daphnla magna' to
Cadmium, Copper and Cyanazlne. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A. V. Nebeker, M. A. Cairns, S. T. Onjukka, and R. H.
Titus. 1986, 6p EPA/600/J-86/131
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v5
p527-530 Jun 86.
Daphnia magna were exposed to cadmium, copper
and cyanazine to determine the relative sensitivities of
several age groups: less than 4 h, less than 24 h, 1 d, 2
d, 3 d, 4 d, 5 d and 6 d old. Mean cadmium 48-h EC50
values for each age group ranged from 23 to 164 mi-
crograms/L. Mean copper EC50 values ranged from 6
to 18 micrograms/L. Cyanazine EC50 values ranged
from 53 to 106 micrograms/L. The 1-d-old Daphnia
mean EC50s were 48 and 49 micrograms/L for cadmi-
um, 10 and 10 micrograms/L for copper and 84 and 86
microgram/L for cyanazine, respectively. These simi-
lar sensitivities indicate that older animals can be used
in tests equally as well as younger animals, thus simpli-
fying the recovery of daphnids in acute sediment toxici-
ty tests.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Sensitivity, Exposure, Cadmi-
um, Copper, Cyanazine, Age groups, Reprints, "Daph-
nia magna.
PB87-100608/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Stomatal Conductance and Transplratlonal Re-
sponses of Field-Qrown Cotton to Ozone. Journal
article,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
P. J. Temple. C1986,9p EPA/600/J-86/132
Pub. in Plant, Cell and Environment 9, n4 p315-321
1986. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
Stomatal conductance and transpiration were meas-
ured on normally-irrigated and water-stressed field-
grown cotton (Grossypium hirsutum) exposed through-
out the growing season to a gradient of ozone (03)
concentrations. Environmental conditions during the
growing season strongly affected stomatal responses
and yield redutions due to 03 exposure. Maximum sto-
matal conductance and transpiration decreased with
increased 03 concentration both in Nl and WS treat-
ments. Reductions in conductance and transpiration in
03-stressed plants were attributed to inhibition of pho-
tosynthesis by 03, leading to accumulation of C02 in
intercellular spaces.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Ozone, 'Cotton, * Air pollution, Transpira-
tion, Responses, Plant physiology, Yield, Exposure,
Photosynthesis, Inhibition, Carbon dioxide, Reprints.
PB87-100616/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Using Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry to De-
termine Aqueous Trichloroacetic Acid. Journal arti-
cle,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
D. L. Norwood, R. F. Christman, J. D. Johnson, and J.
R. Hass. C1986, 9p EPA/600/J-86/134
Pub. in Jnl. of the American Water Works Association,
v78(4) p175-180 Apr 86. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering
Research Lab.
The development, verification, and application of a
method based on isotope dilution gas chromatogra-
phy-mass spectrometry to determine aqueous trichlor-
oacetic acid (TCAA) at the micrograms per litre level
are described. The simultaneous determination of
aqueous chloroform is also demonstrated. Trichloroa-
cetic acid is shown to be a significant by-product of the
chlorination of raw waters in the laboratory and to con-
stitute a large fraction of the total organic halide (TOX)
formed. Analysis of finished-water samples indicated
that TCAA, like trihalomethanes is ubiquitous. Positive
correlations exist between the levels of TCAA in labo-
ratory-chlorinated raw waters and in finished waters
and measured TOX. (Copyright (c) Journal of Ameri-
can Water Works Association, 1986.)
Keywords: "Byproducts, "Chlorination, "Water pollu-
tion, Gas chromatography, Mass spectroscopy, Water
treatment, Water analysis, Reprints, "Acetic acid/
trichloro, "Quantitative chemical analysis, Isotope dilu-
tion, CAS 76-03-9.
PB87-100624/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Comparison of Membrane Filter, Multiple-Fermen-
tation-Tube, and Presence-Absence Techniques
for Detecting Total Conforms in Small Community
Water Systems. Journal article,
Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH.
N. J. Jacobs, W. L. Zeigler, F. C. Reed, T. A. Stukel,
and E. W. Rice. C1986,8p EPA/600/J-86/137
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v51
n5 p1007-1012 May 86. Prepared in cooperation with
Connecticut River Watershed Council, Easthampton,
MA. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Methods for detecting total coliform bacteria in drink-
ing water were compared using 1483 different drinking
water samples from 15 small community water sys-
tems in Vermont and New Hampshire, The methods in-
cluded the membrane filter (MF) technique, a ten tube
fermentation tube technique (FT) and the presence-
absence (P-A) test. Each technique was evaluated
using a 100 ml drinking water sample. Of the 1483
samples tested, 336 (23%) contained coliforms as in-
dicated by either one, two, or all three techniques. The
FT detected 82%, the P-A detected 88%, and the MF
detected 64% of these positives. All techniques simul-
taneously detected 55% of the positives. Evaluation of
the confirmation efficiency of the P-A technique
showed 94% of the presumptive positives confirming
as coliforms. Thirteen different species of coliforms
were identified from the 37 tests where the P-A was
positive, but the MF and FT were negative. The P-A
test was simple to inoculate and interpret and was con-
siderably more sensitive than the MF and slightly more
sensitive than the FT in detecting coliforms in this type
of drinking water supply.
Keywords: "Bacteria, "Coliforms, Comparison, Filters,
Reprints, "Water pollution detection.
PB87-100632/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Public Health Microbiology of Lake and Reser-
voirs,	_ ,
Maryland Univ., College Park.
G R Gibson, D. L. Johnstone, D. O. Cliver, and E. E.
GeWreich C1986, 7p EPA/600/D-86/209
Pub. in Proceedings of the Annual Conference and
International Symposium on Applied Lake ^Water-
shed Management (5th), Lake Geneva, Wisconsin,
662 Vol. 90, No. 24
November 13-16, 1985, v2 p333-336. Prepared in co-
operation with Washington State Univ., Pullman, and
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Sponsored by Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineer-
ing Research Lab.
The multiple-use aspect of lakes and reservoirs in
recent years has been a source of growing concern. A
panel discussion focussed on: the increased public
pressure to use lakes and reservoirs and the attendant
technical and biological problems that have evolved;
the viral element of this water quality concern; the
management implications and recommendations for
protecting swimmer's public health; the potential and
observed microbial effects of fecal contamination as-
sociated with land uses in nearshore areas of lake and
estuarine environments.
Keywords: "Microbiology, "Lakes, "Reservoirs,
"Water pollution, Viruses, Feces, Land use, Swimming,
Runoff, Sources, Alums, Public health, Reprints, Drink-
ing water.
PB87-100640/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Estimating Surface Concentrations from an Ele-
vated, Buoyant Plume in a Limited-Mixed Convec-
tive Boundary Layer,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
T. E. Pierce. Sep 86,15p EPA/600/D-86/211
In the past decade, recent advances have suggested
that convective scaling can be used to parameterize
diffusion from a plume in the convective boundary
layer (CBL). New methods such as convective scaling
need to be explored because the traditionally used
Gaussian plume model does an especially poor job in
predicting diffusion from an elevated, buoyant plume in
the CBL. Briggs (1985) introduced a formula based on
convective scaling for estimating surface concentra-
tions from elevated, buoyant plumes the limited-mixed
CBL. Briggs strongly recommended that the formula
be tested against additional field data. Diffusion data
from the Kincaid field experiment (Sponsored by Elec-
tric Power Research Institute) was used in the analy-
sis. The results show that the Briggs' formula out per-
forms a Gaussian plume model.
Keywords'. "Plumes, "Atmospheric diffusion, Atmos-
pheric chemistry, Convective boundary.
PB87-10O657/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Design of Rapid Small-Scale Adsorption Tests for
a Constant Diffusivlty. Journal article,
Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton.
J. C. Crittenden, J. K. Berrigan, and D. W. Hand.
C1986, lip EPA/600/J-86/133
Pub. in Water Pollution Control Federation, v58 n4
P312-319 Apr 86. Prepared in cooperation with
Zimpro, Inc., Rothschild, Wl. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engi-
neering Research Lab.
The rapid small-scale column test (RSSCT), a physical
model of a fixed bed, was developed and evaluated
experimentally to simulate full-scale adsorber perform-
ance. The RSSCT can simulate months of full-scale
adsorber operation in several days; however, some
isotherms and kinetic data are required for design. The
dispersed flow, pore surface diffusion model
(DFPSDM) was used to determine the proper adsorb-
ent particle size, hydraulic loading, and empty-bed
contact time of the RSSCT from the data from the full-
scale adsorber. The experimental RSSCT break-
through profiles for a six-solute mixture at influent con-
centrations between 3000 and 6000 micrograms/l
were identical to those of a pilot-scale column test.
Keywords: "Adsorption, *Beds(Process engineering),
"Sewage treatment, Tests, Design criteria, Removal,
Toxicity, Waste water, Mathematical models, Diffusion,
Performance evaluation, Particle size, Chemical analy-
sis, Comparison, Pilot plants, Reprints, Fixed bed ab-
sorbers.
PB87-100665/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Air Pollution Abatement Systems
for Multiple-Hearth Sewage Sludge Incinerators,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
G. Annamraju, R. W. Gerstle, Y. M. Shah, and M. L.
Arora. Sep 86,20p EPA/600/D-86/210
Contract EPA-68-03-1821
Presented at the Annual Air Pollution Control Associa-
tion Conference, Minneapolis, Minnesota. June 22-27,
1986. Prepared in cooperation with Montgomery
(James M.j, Inc., Pasadena, CA. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water
Engineering Research Lab.
Capital and annual costs were calculated for the appli-
cation of six different air pollution control system op-
tions to municipal sewage sludge incinerators that
were using multiple-hearth furnaces. The systems in-
volved three principal types of air pollution equipment-
wet scrubbers, fabric filters, and electrostatic precipita-
tors-applied to three different plant sizes (plants incin-
erating 36, 72, and 300 tons of dry sludge per day in
one, two, and eight multiple-hearth furnaces, respec-
tively). The six options were: (1) venturi/tray scrubber
with a 40-inch pressure drop, (2) fabric filter system op-
erating at 500 deg and equipped with an upstream
temperature control, (3) fabric filter system operating
at 500 deg and equipped with a heat exchanger and a
scrubber for S02 reduction, (4) electrostatic precipita-
tor (ESP) with upstream limited temperature and hu-
midity control, (5) same as Option 4 but with an addi-
tional downstream wet scrubber for S02 reduction,
and (6) ESP with upstream temperature control and an
S02 scrubber. Technical feasibility studies indicated
that all three types of controls could achieve a total
particulate removal efficiency of 99 percent. The ven-
turi/tray scrubber option entailed the lowest capital
cost, but annual operating costs were highest because
of the high pressure drops and increased energy use.
Keywords: "Air pollution abatement, "Air pollution con-
trol equipment, "Incinerators, Cost analysis, Perform-
ance, Sulfur dioxide, "Sewage sludge, Fabric filters,
Scrubbers, Electrostatic precipitators.
PB87-100673/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Quality Considerations of Chloramine Disinfec-
tion,
Thornton Utilities Dept., CO.
R. P. Arber, and M. A. Speed. C1986,21p EPA/600/D-
86/208
Grant EPA-R-809333
Presented at 12th Annual AWWA Water Quality Tech-
nology Conference, Denver, CO, December 2-5, 1984,
P431-448. Prepared in cooperation with Arber (R.P.)
Associates, Denver, CO. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering
Research Lab.
In attempting to solve their particular water quality
problem, the City of Thornton, Colorado, observed
some unusual results that may be applicable to other
water systems in the country: the method by which
chloramines are formed can significantly affect the ulti-
mate water quality; when selecting alternative disin-
fectants, disinfection byproducts other than those cur-
rently regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act
should be considered; although one type of contami-
nant may be avoided through process modification,
other, potentially less desirable contaminants may be
produced.
Keywords: "Disinfection, "Water treatment, 'Water
pollution, Urban areas, Byproducts, Pilot plants, Chlor-
ination, Methane, Halogen organic compounds, Chlo-
rine oxides, Disinfectants, Regulations, Safety, Colora-
do, Reprints, "Chloroamlnes, Thornton(Colorado).
PBB7-100681/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Workshop Report on the Complex Terrain Modal
Development Protect (February 4-6,1986),
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Lex-
ington, MA.
T. F. Lavery, D. Strimaitis, and B. Egan. Sep 86,88p
EPA/600/9-86/026
Contract EPA-68-02-3421
Prepared in cooperation with Sigma Research Corp
Lexington, MA. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospher-
ic Sciences Research Lab.
The Complex Terrain Model Development project is
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Agency (EPA) to develop atmospheric dispersion
models to simulate air pollutant concentrations in com-
plex terrain that result from emission from large
sources. In early October 1985, an initial version of the
Complex Terrain Dispersion Model (CTDM) was deliv-
ered to EPA. A major step in the evaluation of CTDM
was a workshop that was conducted in February 1986.
Each participant was provided a diskette or tape of the
CTDM code and a draft User's Guide and was asked
to exercise the model to assess its overall effective-
ness and validity.
Keywords: 'Dispersing, 'Mountains, 'Air pollution,
'Meetings, Mathematical models, Plumes, Height, As-
sessments, Recommendations, Accuracy.
PB87-100699/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Comparison of Three Earthworm Bloassay Proce-
dures for the Assessment of Environmental Sam-
ples Containing Hazardous Wastes. Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
C. A. Callahan, L. K. Russell, and S. A. Peterson.
C1985. 8p EPA/600/J-85/447
Pub. in Jnl. of Biology and Fertility of Soils 1, p195-200
1985. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
Three different laboratory earthworm protocols for as-
sessing the potential toxicity of environmental samples
were evaluated using Eisenia fetida. The 48-h Contact
Test (CT) is a short test and may indicate the presence
of water-soluble chemicals. The 14-day Soil Test (ST)
is best suited to assess chemical impacts of either
known or unknown chemicals in soils. The Giant Axon
Conduction Velocity protocol (GACVT) used with
either the CT or the ST can detect sublethal neurotoxic
effects in shorter periods of time and at lower chemical
concentrations than mortality tests. The use of these
tests is suggested as an estimate of potential toxicity
of environmental soil samples. (Copyright (c) Springer
Verlag. 1985.)
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Bloassay, 'Toxici-
ty, 'Soils, Worms, Contamination, 'Eisenia fetida, Pro-
tocols.
PB87-100707/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Growth Inhibition and Morphological Effects Sev-
eral Chemicals in 'Arabidopsis thaliana (L.)'Heynh.
Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
H. C. Ratsch, D. J. Johndro, and J. C. McFarlane.
1986, 8p EPA/600/J-86-129
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v5
p55-60 Jan 86.
A plant life-cycle bioassay using Arabidopsis thaliana
(L.) Heynh. was used to evaluate effects of several
toxic chemicals. Plants were grown in vermiculite in a
hydroponic system, with test chemicals added to the
nutrient solution reservoir. Reduction in total biomass
followed different patterns with the chemicals tested,
and sensitivity increased in the order: fly ash < 2-(2-
ethoxyethoxyjethanol (DGME) < dalapon < trichlor-
oacetic acid (TCA) < copper sulfate < bromacil <
metribuzln. DGME, TCA and dalapon induced unusual
morpholocial effects in which flower development was
altered and pollination prevented. Reduced biomass,
altered distribution of plant dry weight among vegeta-
tive, reproductive and mature seed, and morphological
effects indicate that a plant life-cycle test is a valuable
screening test.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, Plant growth, Morphology, Bioas-
say, Life cycles, Flv ash, Copper sulfate, Reprints,
'Toxic substances, Growth, "Inhibition, 'Morphologi-
cal changes, Arabidopsis thaliana/Acetic acid/tricn-
loro, Ethanol/ethoxy-ethoxy.
PB87-100715/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Synthetic Polyelectrolytes on Selected
Aquatic Organlems. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
K. E. Biesinger, and G. N. Stokes. 1986,9p EPA/600/
J-86/128
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Pollution Control Federation,
v58(3) P207-213 Mar 86.
The acute toxicity of several polyelectrolytes to daph-
nids (Daphnia magna), fathead minnows (Pimephales
promelas), gammarids (Gammarus pseudolimnaeus)
and midges (Paratanytarsus parthenogeneticus) was
tested. Most nonionic and anionic polyelectrolytes
were not toxic at 100 mg/l which was the highest con-
centration tested. Two of 15 cationic polyelectrolytes
were not toxic at 100 mg/l, whereas the toxicity of the
others ranged from 0.09 to 70.71 mg/l. A cationic po-
lyelectrolyte was tested in microcosms using five
aquatic animals and 10 algae: various adverse effects
were observed. Exposure of fathead minnows to a cat-
ionic polyelectrolyte resulted in severe gill damage.
Keywords: 'Polyelectrolytes, 'Toxicity, 'Aquatic biol-
ogy, 'Water pollution, Minnows, Daphnia, Diptera,
Tests,	Polymers,	Cations,
Concentration(Composition), Safety, Bioassay, Algae,
Detoxification, Trout, Exposure, Clay soils, Flocculat-
ing, Sewage treatment, Damage, Reprints, Water pol-
lution effects( Animals).
PB87-101234/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Destruction of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons by
Catalytic Oxidation. Final rept. Aug 85-Jul 86,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. A. Palazzolo, C. L. Jamgochian, J. I. Steinmetz, and
D. L. Lewis. Sep 86,154p RAD-86-203-023-34-11,
EPA/600/2-86/079
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of a determination of the ef-
fectiveness of catalytic oxidation for destroying vapor-
phase chlorinated hydrocarbons. The study was con-
ducted on two pilot-scale catalytic incinerators: one
employed a metal oxide catalyst in a fluidized-bed con-
figuration; and the other, a fixed-bed proprietary cata-
lyst, supplemented with ultraviolet (UV) light and ozone
injection. Both systems were tested under a variety of
temperature and space velocities. The test vapor
streams consisted of low concentrations (3-200 ppmv)
of mixtures of organic compounds, and included three
streams that represented emissions from air strippers
used to treat contaminated groundwater at U.S. Air
Force bases. Study results showed that the fluidized-
bed catalytic incinerator was capable of achieving total
organic destruction efficiencies of greater than 98%.
The UV/ozone catalytic incinerator failed to achieve
high destruction efficiencies: with ozone injection, total
destruction was 75%; and without ozone, the maxi-
mum destruction efficiency was 64%.
Keywords: "Chlorohydrocarbons, 'Incinerators, Per-
formance, Concentration(Composition), Catalysis,
Ozone, "Air pollution sampling, *Cat-ox process, vola-
tile organic compounds, Stationary sources.
PB87-101242/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Human Variability in Susceptibility to Toxic
Chemicals -1. Noncarclnogens.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Feb 86,80p EPA/600/8-86-033
The tenfold 'safety' factor traditionally used to guard
against human interindlvidual differences in suscepti-
bility to toxicity is not based on human observations.
Some support for a tenfold dose-reduction is based
upon the distribution of profit slopes from acute toxicity
in animals. Although human data is preferable, epide-
miologic data are unlikely to have precise exposure
measurements. To study human interindlvidual varia-
bility the authors used papers from the recent pharma-
cological literature to construct a data base of individ-
ual measurements of key pharmacokinetic parameters
for specific substances (mostly drugs). The param-
eters studied, elimination halflives, maximal blood con-
centrations and area under the curve (AUC) of blood
concentrations are only components of overall sus-
ceptibility to toxic agents, and do not include variability
parameters that would affect exposure and response,
nor from ape or illness. 72 of the 101 data sets studied
were positively skewed, indicating that the distributions
are generally closer to log-normal distribution than a
normal distribution.
Keywords; 'Humans, 'Risk, Toxicity, Dose, Variability,
'Toxic substances, Pharmacokinetic parameters.
PB87-101283/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Thiophanate Ethyl as the
Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
31 Dec 85.76p EPA/540/RS-86/153
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, Ecology,
'Reregistration, 'Toxic substances, 'Thiophanate
ethyl,	Carbamic	acid/(phenylene
bis(iminocarbonothioyl))-bis(dimethyl-ester), Federal
Insecticide and Rodenticide Act, Fungicides, CAS
23564-06-9.
PB87-101572/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Arsenic Acid (Non-Wood
Preservative Uses) as the Active ingredient
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 86,106p EPA/540/RS-86/155
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Arsenic inorganic compounds,
Standards, Guidelines, Genetics, Packaging, Labels,
Hazardous materials, Agricultural products, Public
health, Regulations, Ecology, 'Reregistration, 'Ar-
senic acids, 'Toxic substances, Path of pollutants,
Federal Insecticide and Rodenticide Act, CAS 7778-
39-4.
PB87-101606/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Background Document for the Ground-Water
Screening Procedure to Support 40 CFR Part 268 -
Land Disposal Restrictions (Includes Appendixes
A-G).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Jan 86,342p EPA/530/SW-86/047
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The procedure provides information on the model de-
veloped by the Office of Solid Waste to determine
maximum acceptable concentrations for hazardous
constituents in extracts of wastes. The ground-water
screening procedure involves a back calculation from
a point of potential exposure at a distance downgra-
dient from a land disposal unit to a point of release
from the unit using a fate and transport model.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Hazardous materials,
'Solid waste disposal. Mathematical models,
Concentration(Composition), Solutes, Acceptability,
Three dimensional flow, Leaching, Regulations, Water
flow, Porosity, Rejection, Plumes, Boundaries, Water
pollution, Tables(Data). Graphs(Charts), Risk, Expo-
sure, 'Land application, 'Path of pollutants, Screen-
ing.
PB87-101614/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Background Document for Surface Water Screen-
ing Procedure.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office ot Solid Waste.
Dec 85,197p EPA/530/SW-86/050
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Limo Systems, Inc., Durham,
NC., Environmental Photographic Interpretation
Center, Warrenton, VA„ Tetra Tech, Inc., Lafayette,
CA„ and GeoTrans, Inc., Herndon, VA.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The report addresses the development of a surface
water model and proposed use in land disposal restric-
tions decisions. The potential for exposure of humans
and aquatic life to surface water contamination was
considered. The surface water analysis encompasses
contamination of streams through the interception with
ground water contaminated by releases of hazardous
constituents in leachate from land disposal units. The
surface water screening procedure involves a back
calculation using a fate and transport model with a
Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis from concentrations
that will not adversely affect human health, and the en-
vironment. The procedure outlined in the document
was proposed to establish acceptable concentrations
for specific chemical constituents in waste extracts
that may be land disposed.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, "Hazardous materials,
'Surface waters, "Water pollution, Mathematical
models, Ground water, Leaching, Selection,
Concentration(Composition), Organic compounds,
Monte Carlo method, Phenol, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Ethane, Fluorohydrocarbons, Toxicity, Aquat-
ic biology, Standards, 'Land application, Water quality
data.
PB87-101689/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division, Standard Evaluation
Procedure - Non-Target Plants: Target Area Test-
ing,
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Hazard Evaluation Div.
R. W. Hoist. Jun 86,19p EPA/540/9-86/130
See also PB83-153940.
The report prescribes the evaluation criteria and pro-
cedures to assess this pesticide phytotoxicity study
that the US Environmental Protection Agency recom-
mends to support the registration of manufacturing
and formulated end-use products. The study results
contained in the evaluation procedure together with
environmental fate and efficacy data are used to
assess the potential hazard of pesticides to terrestrial
and aquatic nontarget plants.
Keywords: 'Guidelines, 'Pesticides, Assessments,
Toxicity, Hazards, Plants(Botany), Aquatic plants, Fed-
eral Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act.
PB87-101697/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division, Standard Evaluation
Procedure - Non-Target Plants: Terrestrial Field
Testing - Tier 3,
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Hazard Evaluation Div.
R. W. Hoist. Jun 86,15p EPA/540/9-86/135
See also PB87-101689 and PB83-153940.
The report prescribes the evaluation criteria and pro-
cedures to assess this pesticide phytotoxicity study
that the US Environmental Protection Agency recom-
mends to support the registration of manufacturing-
use and formulated end-use products. The study re-
sults contained in the evaluation procedure together
with environmental fate and efficacy data are used to
assess the potential hazard of pesticides to terrestrial
and aquatic non-target plants.
Keywords: 'Guidelines, 'Pesticides, Assessments,
Toxicity, Aquatic plants, Plants(Botany), Regulations.
Evaluation, Field tests, 'Federal Insecticide Fungicide
and Rodenticide Act.
PB87-101705/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division, Standard Evaluation
Procedure - Non-Target Plants: Aquatic Field
Testing - Tier 3,
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Hazard Evaluation Div.
R W HolSt. Jun 86, 17p EPA/540/9-86/136
See also PB87-101697 and PB83-153940.
The report prescribes the evaluation criteria and pro-
cedures to assess this pesticide phytotoxicity study
that the US Environmental Protection Agency recom-
mends to support the registration of rnanufactunng-
use and formulated end-use products The Standard
Evaluation Procedure is designed to aid Ecological Ef-
fects Branch data reviewers in their evaluations of Tier
3 aquatic field testing studies submitted by registrants
in the assessment of pesticide effects on non-target
plants.
664 Vol. 90, No. 24
Keywords: "Guidelines, 'Pesticides, Assessments,
Toxicity, Aquatic plants. Evaluation, Regulations, Field
tests, 'Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide
Act.
PB87-101770/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Boiler Simulator Studies on Sorbent Utilization for
S02 Control. Final rept. Mar-Sep 84,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
B. J. Overmoe, L. Ho, S. L. Chen, W. R. Seeker, and D.
W. Pershing. Sep 86,167p EPA/600/7-86/028
Contract EPA-68-02-3633
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of a program to provide proc-
ess design information for sorbent utilization as ap-
plied to EPA's LIMB process. Specifically, the program
was designed to investigate the role of boiler thermal
history, sorbent injection location, Ca/S molar ratio,
and S02 partial pressure on capture effectiveness
with limestones, dolomites, and slaked limes with and
without metallic promoters. The experimental studies
were supported by theoretical calculations using grain
and pore models that considered both the heterogene-
ous chemical reaction and the relevant diffusional
processes. The experimental results and the sulfation
model calculations indicate that the sorbent injection
locations and the residence time within the sulfation
temperature window can significantly influence overall
sulfur capture for any sorbent. Unless the sorbent is
promoted with a metal additive, downstream injection
at about 1500 K results in optimum sorbent utilization.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide, *Sor-
bents, Boilers, Limestone, Design, Calcium hydrox-
ides, Stationary sources, Dolomite.
PB87-101788/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Enzyme Addition to the Anaerobic Digestion of
Municipal Wastewater Primary Sludge. Research
rept. 15 Aug 82-5 Aug 85,
Xenia, OH.
G. M. Higgins, and J. T. Swartzbaugh. Sep 86,141 p
EPA/600/2-86/084
Grant EPA-R-810279
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The study evaluates the effects of enzyme augmenta-
tion on municipal wastewater (MWW) sludge anaero-
bic digestion. The primary objective was to examine
the impact of using enzymes to enhance the degrada-
tion of the cellulosic and the oil- and grease-rich
sludge fractions. The addition of cellulase enzymes to
enhance the anaerobic digestion of the cellulosic com-
ponent and the addition of lipase enzymes to degrade
oil and grease was evaluated in a series of laboratory-
scale studies. The results of the program show that
cellulase enzyme augmentation can produce a signifi-
cant enhancement of the anaerobic digestion of mu-
nicipal wastewater sludge.
Keywords: 'Sludge digestion, 'Sewage treatment,
•Municipalites, Cellulase, Enzymes, Decomposition,
Oils, Greases, Anaerobic processes, Lipase, Tests,
Evaluation, Schematic diagrams, Tables(Data), Two-
phase digestion.
PB87-101853/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Notice of Special Review and Preliminary Deter-
mination to Cancel Registration and Deny Appli-
cations for Certain Uses of Diazinon; Notice of
Availability of Support Document.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jan 86,64p EPA/560/9-86/159
The notice and support document announces EPA's
initiation of a Special Review and preliminary determi-
nation to cancel registration and deny application for
certain uses of the pesticide, Diazinon. the Agency
has analyzed the risks and benefits associated with
Diazinon use on golf courses and sod farms and has
determined that the risks posed by the use of Diazinon
satisfy criteria for initiation of a Special Review. It has
also been determined that the risks are not out-
weighed by the benefits of Diazinon use and, there-
fore, the use of Diazinon on golf courses and sod
farms causes unreasonable adverse effects to the en-
vironment.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Toxicology, Public health, Reg-
ulations, Ecology, Insecticides, Genetics, Risks, Agri-
cultural products, 'Toxic substances, 'Diazinon, 'Re-
registration, Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Ro-
denticide Act, CAS 333-41-5.
PB87-101903/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistratlon of Pesticide
Products Containing Boric Acid and Boron Con-
taining Salts as the Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Nov 85, 91 p EPA/540/RS-86/158
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: 'Boric acids, 'Pesticides, Standards,
Guidelines, Genetics, Boron inorganic compounds,
Regulations, Borax, Packaging, Hazardous materials,
Agricultural products, Public health, Ecology, 'Regis-
tration, 'Toxic substances, 'Sodium borate decany-
drate, Path of pollutants, Federal Insecticide and Ro-
denticide Act, CAS 10043-35-3, CAS 001344907.
PB87-102218/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division, Standard Evaluation
Procedure - Pesticide Spray Drift Evaluation:
Droplet Size Spectrum Test and Drift Field Evalua-
tion Test,
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Hazard Evaluation Div.
R. W. Hoist. Jun 86, 19p EPA/540/9-86/131
See also PB84-189216.
The report prescribes the evaluation criteria and pro-
cedures to assess the off-site pesticide transport study
that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recom-
mends to support the registration of formulated end-
use products. The evaluation, in conjunction with the
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision R, is
designed to aid data reviewers in their evaluations of
the Droplet Size Spectrum Test and Drift Field Evalua-
tion Test studies submitted by registrants.
Keywords: 'Guidelines, 'Pesticides, Assessments,
Drops(Liquids), Spraying, Windward drift, Field tests.
Evaluation, Exposure, Humans, Wildlife, 'Federal In-
secticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, Path of pol-
lutants.
PB87-102224/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division, Standard Evaluation
Procedure - Non-Target Plants: Vegetative Vigor -
Tiers 1 and 2,
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Hazard Evaluation Div.
R. W. Hoist. Jun 86,17p EPA/540/9-86-133
See also PB83-153940.
The report prescribes the evaluation criteria and pro-
cedures to assess this pesticide phytotoxicity study
that the US Environmental Protection Agency recom-
mends to support the registration of manufacturing-
use and formulated end-use products. The study re-
sults contained in the evaluation procedure together
with environmental fate and efficacy data are used to
assess the potential hazard of pesticides to terrestrial
and aquatic nontarget plants.
Keywords: 'Guidelines, 'Pesticides, Assessments
Vegetation, Plant growth, Tests, Aquatic plants, Feder-
al Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act.
PB87-102232/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division, Standard Evaluation
Procedure - Non-Target Plants: Qrowth and R«-
roductlon of Aquatic Plants • Tiers 1 and 2,
nvironmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
R. W. Hoist. Jun 86, 17p EPA/540/9-86/134
See also PB83-153940.
The report prescribes the evaluation criteria and pro-
cedures to assess this pesticide phytotoxicity study
that the US Environmental Protection Agency recom-
mends to support the registration of manufacturing-
use and formulated end-use products. The study re-
sults contained in the evaluation procedure together
with environmental fate and efficacy data are used to
assess the potential hazard of pesticides to terrestrial
and aquatic non-target plants.
Keywords: "Guidelines, 'Pesticides, Assessments,
Toxicity, Plant growth, Hazards, Aquatic plants, Feder-
al Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act.
PB87-102240/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division, Standard Evaluation
Procedure • Non-Target Plants: Seed Germina-
tion/Seedling Emergence - Tiers 1 and 2,
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Hazard Evaluation Div.
R. W. Hoist. Jun 86,17p EPA/540/9-86/132
See also PB83-153940.
The report prescribes the evaluation criteria and pro-
cedures to assess the pesticide phytotoxicity study
that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recom-
mends to support the registration of manufacturing-
use and formulated end-use products. The evaluation
procedure, in conjunction with the Pesticide Assess-
ment Guidelines, Subdivision J, is designed to aid data
reviewers in their evaluations of the seed germination/
seedling emergence studies submitted by registrants.
Keywords: 'Guidelines, 'Pesticides, Assessments,
Seeds, Germination, Growth, Toxicity, Evaluation,
Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act.
PB87-102265/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Application of Recombinant ONA Technology In
Methane Biosynthesis. Summary rept. Aug 82-Jul
85,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept. of Microbiology.
J. N. Reeve, and D. S. Cram. Sep 86,39p EPA/600/2-
86/081
Grant EPA-CR-810340
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
A project was conducted to clone the genes encoding
the polypeptide subunits of the enzyme methyl-coen-
zyme M methyl-reductase (methyl CoM-reductase).
The experimental approach was to purify the enzyme,
produce antibodies against the enzyme, and use these
antibodies to screen Escherichia coli colonies for
clones that synthesized antigens with which the anti-
methyl CoM-reductase antibodies reacted. The E. coli
strains contained plasmids or were prelnfected with
bacteriophages that had been constructed by in vitro
DNA recombinant techniques to contain fragments of
either M. thermoautotrophicum or M. vannielii genomic
DNA's. The expectation was that the E. coll clones
that reacted with the anti-methyl CoM-reductase anti-
bodies would contain cloned methanogen DNA se-
quences encoding part or all of the methyl CoM-reduc-
tase polypeptides. However, this technique frequently
generated false positive signals. Most of the study
period was used in improving the technology to de-
crease the number of antifactually positive signals and
in screening and analyzing positive clones that ulti-
mately were found to contain none of the desired
genes.
Keywords: 'Methane, 'Biosynthesis, 'Deoxyribonu-
cleic acid, Cloning, Genes, Methyl CoM-reductase, Es-
cherichia coli.
PB87-102273/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Correlations for the Determination of Surface Dlf-
fusivities of Organic Chemicals Adsorbed onto
Granular Activated Carbon,
Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton.
M. Dobrzelewski. Sep 86,163p EPA/600/2-86/082
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Differential column batch reactor (DCBR) experiments
in organic-free water were conducted for the following
volatile organic compounds (VOCs): trichloroethene,
tetrachloroethene, cis-1,2 dichlorethene, and toluene.
Surface diffusion was required to explain the rate of
uptake for the VOCs, and the contribution of pore diffu-
sion was determined to be negligible. Since consider-
able time is required to conduct a DCBR study, a corre-
lation was developed for the surface diffusion based
on the liquid diffusivity of the adsorbates and the physi-
cal properties of the activated carbon. The correlation
can be used to calculate the surface diffusivities of hal-
ogenated one- and two-carbon molecules and some
aromatic substituted organic compounds for two types
of carbons. The significance of the correlation is that it
can be used to calculate the mass transfer zone
lengths of VOCs in a fixed-bed adsorber with a fair
amount of precision.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Diffusion, Activated
carbon, Surface chemistry, Toluene, BedsfProcess en-
gineering), Mass transfer, Adsorption, Thesis, 'Water
pollution control, 'Volatile organic compounds, Ethyl-
ene/trichloro, Ethylene/tetrachloro, Ethylene/dich-
loro.
PB87-102331/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Instrumental Monitoring of Non-methane Hydro-
carbons at a Hazardous Waste Incinerator,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
K. T. Menzies, and J. W. Adams. Sep 86,92p ADL-
85274-04, EPA/600/2-86/077
Contract EPA-68-02-3627
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The objective of the field program was to evaluate the
reliability of non-methane hydrocarbon analyzers as a
continuous indicator of DRE of a hazardous waste in-
cinerator. The tasks undertaken include: (1) fabrication
of a sample extraction/conditioning system for trans-
fer of combustion gas to the hydrocarbon analyzers;
(2) evaluation of the reliability of two non-methane hy-
drocarbon analyzers under conditions of continuous
operation at a hazardous waste incinerator; and (3) de-
termination of the correlation of non-methane hydro-
carbon concentrations with combustion efficiency.
During a 5-day test, two non-methane hydrocarbon
analyzers (Columbia Scientific Industries Corporation
Model 500-2E and HNU Systems, Inc. Model 201-250)
were evaluated. During the tests, the sample condi-
tiong/analysis system operated reasonable well.
Keywords: "Incinerators, "Hazardous materials, 'Air
pollution monitors, Combustion efficiency, Air pollution
control, Waste disposal, Performance, Carbon monox-
ide, Hydrochloric acid, 'Principal organic hazardous
constituents. Air sampling, Stationary sources.
PB87-102349/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Correlation* Among Trihalomethane (THM) and
Total Organic Halide (TOX) Formation In Water
Treatment Facilities,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
P. C. Singer, and S. D. Chang. C1985,19p EPA/600/
D-86/203
See also PB87-102356. Pub. in Proceedings of the
AWWA 1985 Annual Conference, p201-216 Jun 85.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
In determining the extent to which correlations exist
among certain parameters (TOX, TTHM, TOC, UV ab-
sorbance, THM formation potential, and TOX forma-
tion potential), samples of raw water and treated
water, including samples from the distribution systems,
were collected from 12 full-scale systems in six states.
The ratio of TTHM/TOX in surface waters treated by
conventional coagulation, sedimentation, and filtration,
at near neutral pH values (approximately 3:1), corre-
sponds closely with the THMFP/TOXFP ratio in raw
waters after a chlorine contact of 7 days at pH 7.
Keywords: "Chlorination, 'Water treatment, 'Water
pollution, Humus, Chemical reactions, Halogen organ-
ic compounds, Methane, pH, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Humic acids, Acetic acid, Correlation, Surface
waters. Absorption, Coagulation, Filtration, Sedimenta-
tion, Reprints, Raw water, 'Halomethane.
PB87-102356/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Discovery and Elimination of Dloxlns from a
Carbon Reactivation Process,
Cincinnati Water Works, OH.
J. DeMarco, and R. Miller. C1985,27p EPA/600/D-86/
204
See also PB87-102349. Pub. in Proceedings, of the
AWWA 1985 Annual Conference, p759-782 Jun 85.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
In a project done to ensure an environmentally accept-
able granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption and
reactivation system--to be sure that chlorinated di-
benzo-p-dioxins (CDD's) and chlorinated dibenzo
furans (CDF's) and combustion would not present
problems-results from a GAC system receiving chlor-
inated water were compared with those receiving
unchlorinated water. The studies described here are
for exhausting GAC in a post-filtration carbon contac-
tor and reactivating GAC in a fluid-bed reactivation
system. Lower stack emissions of CDD's and CDF's
are produced by reactivating GAC that had received
unchlorinated water.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, Chlorine organic treat-
ment, Water pollution, Pesticides, Adsorbents,
'Granular activated carbon treatment, Polychiorinated
dibenzofurans, Polychiorinated dibenzodioxins.
PB87-102364/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Interim User's Guide to the RADM Scavenging
Module Version 1.0. Interim rept.,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
C. M. Berkowitz, and R. C. Easter. Sep 86,103p EPA/
600/8-86/034
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
The report is an interim version of the user's manual
for the RADM Scavenging Module (RSM). The scav-
enging module simulates wet removal and aqueous-
phase chemical processes as they occur on a regional
scale. It is designed for inclusion into a regional-scale
Eulerian code that does not explicitly account for proc-
esses involving clouds and precipitation. Using surface
precipitation rates and vertical profiles of temperature
and moisture for a regional scale grid square, the scav-
enging module calculates steady-state cloud, precipi-
tation and vertical velocity fields for subgrid areas rep-
resenting stratiform, convective and fair weather cu-
mulus clouds. It then calculates the effects of aqueous
phase chemistry, precipitation scavenging and trans-
port on the pollutant fields presented by the host code
for a specified time period (one hour). The version of
the RSM described in this ref>ort includes the strati-
form and convective storm component; it does not in-
clude the fair weather cumulus (although provisions for
including this component are outlined). A description
of several proposed benchmark tests is provided; the
results of these tests will be published in future reports.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, At-
mospheric chemistry, Preciptation, Sulfate, Convec-
tion, Manuals, Clouds(Meteorology).
PB87-102372/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of the Efficiency of Industrial Flares:
H2S Gas Mixtures and Pilot Assisted Flares. Final
rept. Apr 85-Jul 86,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
J. H. Pohl, and N. R. Soelberg. Sep 86,105p EPA/
600/2-86/080
Contract EPA-68-02-3661
See also PB86-100559. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report is the fourth in a series on a research pro-
gram which will result in quantification of emissions
from, and efficiencies of, industrial flares. The report
gives test data on the combustion efficiency and de-
struction efficiency of (1) gas mixtures containing H2S,
and (2) flare flames with pifotflame stabiliztion. The
latest tests, conducted on 3- and 6-in. open pipe flares
without aerodynamic flame stabilization devices, led to
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
conclusions including: (1) gas mixtures of H2S/N2 can
be stably flared at much lower volumetric gas heating
values than can propane/N2 mixtures; (2) destruction
and combustion efficiencies greater than 98% are ob-
tained for gas mixtures of H2S/N2 and H2S/propane/
N2 when the gas heating value is at least 1.2 times the
level required to produce a stable flame; (3) for mix-
tures containing both H2S and propane, H2S destruc-
tion efficiency was consistently higher than propane
combustion efficiency; and (4) combustion efficiencies
greater than 98% for pilot assisted flares are achieved
when the heating value is greater than 1.2 times that
required to stabilize the flame.
Keywords: "Hydrogen sulfide, "Flares, 'Industrial
plants, "Waste disposal, "Air pollution control, Per-
formance, Combustion products, Gas analysis, Nitro-
gen, Propane, "Flare heads, Combustion efficiency,
Fuel-air ratio.
PB87-102398/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory
(AEERL) Procedures Manual: Level 1 Environmen-
tal Assessment Terrestrial Ecological Tests. Final
rept. Mar 80-0ct 82,
Litton Bionetics, Inc., Kensington, MD.
T. A. Gezo, and D. J. Brusick. Sep 86, 65p EPA/600/8-
86/029	K K
Contract EPA-68-02-2681
See also PB82-228966. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The manual provides detailed procedures for EPA/
AEERL's Level 1 terrestrial bioassays. (Some test
methods designated for AEERL's Level 1 environmen-
tal assessment biological testing program are suffi-
ciently new that little or no published literature is avail-
able describing specific application of the procedures.)
The manual supplements the 'IERL-RTP Procedures
Manual: Level 1 Environmental Assessment Biological
Tests' (second edition, EPA-600/8-81-024, NTIS No.
PB 82-228966) which provides the basic procedural
steps. The protocols described in the manual are the
same as those in the supplemented manual, but are
expanded in those areas of methodology which in-
volve culturing methods, materials and supplies, and
specific scoring procedures. The three tests included
in the manual are: (a) Plant Stress Ethylene Test, to
assess the toxic effects of gaseous samples on plant
foliage; (b) Root Elongation Test, to determine the
toxic effects of liquid samples and aqueous leachates
on seed germination and root elongation in a number
of plant species; and (c) Insect Toxicity Test, to meas-
ure lethality and reproductive toxicity in Drosophila me-
lanogaster.
Keywords: "Manuals, "Bioassays, "Sampling, "Envi-
ronmental surveys, Assessments, Air pollution, Water
pollution, Industrial wastes, Chemical analysis, Proto-
cols.
PB87-102430/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Metabolism of Fenthion by Aquatic Microbial
Communities,
Technical Application, Inc., Gulf Breeze, FL.
P H. Pritchard, C. R. Cripe, L. H. Mueller, and E. J.
O'Neill. C1986, 7p EPA/600/D-86/217
Contract EPA-68-03-6265
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Gulf
Breeze, FL.
The microbial metabolism of the mosquito control
agent, fenthion, has been studied in shake flask sys-
tems containing water and sediment from a salt marsh.
The usefulness of this information in describing the
fate of fenthion in microcosms and in a field dosing ex-
periment was determined. The authors results show
that microbial communities associated with the sedi-
ment, the presence of invertebrate animals in the sedi-
ment bed, and the anaerobic conditions of the sedi-
ment contribute significantly to the fate of fenthion
under natural conditions.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Pest control, "Culicidae,
Microorganisms, Metabolism, Invertebrates, Sedi-
ments, Anaerobic conditions, "Fenthion, Salt marshes,
Path of pollutants.
666 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB87-102497/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Complex
Terrain Model: Theoretical Basis and Preliminary
Evaluation,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
S. G. Perry, and F. A. Schiermeier. Sep 86, 23p EPA/
600/D-86/218
The theoretical basis, physical structure, and prelimi-
nary evaluation of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency's Complex Terrain Dispersion Model (CTDM)
are described. CTDM is a point-source plume model
designed primarily to estimate windward-side surface
concentrations on distinct terrain features during
stably-stratified flow. The model is based on steady-
state, Gaussian diffusion assumptions. Potential flow
theory is the basis of the model mechanisms for ac-
counting for terrain-induced alterations in the flow. The
model incorporates the critical dividing streamline
height concept to separate the flow capable of sur-
mounting the terrain from that restrained to flow
around the terrain. Consideration is given to plume me-
ander, source-induced effects on initial diffusion, and
alterations in diffusion rates by flow deformation. Pre-
liminary evaluations of the current version of the model
with field tracer data and fluid modeling data show that
CTDM can identify maximum concentrations with
some success but that further refinements are war-
ranted.
Keywords: "Terrain models, "Air pollution, Atmospher-
ic models, Mathematical models, Plumes, Atmospher-
ic diffusion, "Complex terrain dispersion models,
"Gaussian plume models, Point sources.
PB87-10250S/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Gene Probes as a Tool for the Detection of Spe-
cific Genomes in the Environment,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
T. Barkay, and G. Sayler. Sep86,22p EPA/600/D-86/
215
Prepared in cooperation with Tennessee Univ., Knox-
ville.
Gene probes hold a great promise as a tool in environ-
mental sciences. They may be used to detect specific
genotypes, to follow gene flow process, to delineate
complex taxonomic aggregates and to monitor geneti-
cally engineered organisms in the environment. The
sensitivity of the method is currently limited by experi-
mental procedures and its specificity depends on the
nature of the DNA sequences used as probes and the
efficacy of lysing methods. Variable genetic determi-
nants which code for the same trait determine the uni-
versality of gene probes. Finally, the method is highly
feasible in terms of cost, speed and expertise. Current
and future developments in molecular microbial ecolo-
gy are likely to contribute toward the improvement of
the probing methodology for the full realization of its
potential in environmental sciences.
Keywords: "Molecular biology, Detection, Sensitivity,
Specificity, "Gene probes.
PB87-102513/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
EPA's (Environmental Protection Agency's) Role
In the Quality Assurance of Ambient Air Pollutant
Measurements,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J. C. Puzak, and F. F. McElroy. Sep 86,25p EPA/600/
D-86/213
EPA's roll in the quality assurance of monitoring data is
to assist monitoring agencies by providing those qual-
ity assurance services or functions that (1) are
common to most monitoring agencies and would be
uneconomical to duplicate in each agency's program,
(2) are too costly for individual monitoring agencies to
carry out, (3) need to be uniform across the nation's
monitoring agencies to facilitate universal data inter-
pretation, comparison, evaluation, and common analy-
sis, or (4) are more appropriately derived from a source
independent from the monitoring agency. These func-
tions are focused in three principle areas: (1) standard-
ized and validated monitoring methods, (2) air monitor-
ing guidance and technical assistance, and (3) assess-
ment of the quality of monitoring data being obtained.
These functions are discussed along with overview de-
scriptions and summaries of results of specific EPA
quality assurance programs including reference and
equivalent methods, the Quality Assurance Handbook
and other guidance documents, availability of various
pollutant concentration standards, and assessment
and reporting of the precision and accuracy of air mon-
itoring data.
Keywords: "Air pollution, Quality assurance, Stand-
ards, Accuracy, "Environmental monitoring, Air quality.
PB87-102521/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Integration of Monitoring and Research in Coastal
Waters: issues for Consideration from a Regula-
tory Point of View,
Environmental Research Lab,, Gulf Breeze, FL.
D. A. Flemer, T. W Duke, and F. L. Mayer. Sep 86,15p
EPA/600/D-86/214
The paper describes the logic that underpins a pro-
gram designed to characterize the limits of applicability
of extrapolation from laboratory data to the field. The
interactive, iterative process couples concepts of mon-
itoring and research so that the research question and
method are linked to spatial and temporal scales of ec-
ological variability. Without such considerations, im-
portant ecological relationships remain unspecified,
thus precluding meaningful approaches to manage-
ment of such complex but valuable ecosystems.
Keywords: "Ecology, "Coasts, "Estuaries, "Water pol-
lution, Research projects, Laboratories, Monitoring,
Environmental impacts, Management, Regulations,
Ecosystems.
PB87-102539/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Organotin Toxicity Studies Conducted with Se-
lected Marine Organisms at EPA's Environmental
Research Laboratory, Gulf Breeze, Florida,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
G. E. Walsh. Sep 86,5p EPA/600/D-86-216
Studies on effect of bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO) and
other organotins on marine species have been con-
ducted at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's
laboratory at Gulf Breeze, Florida, since 1983. First
studies were done on two species of algae, Skeleton-
ema costatum and Thalassiosira pseudonana, where
72h EC50s for tributyltins and population growth were
0.35 and 1.16 microgram/l, respectively. Two develop-
mental stages of the lugworm, Arenlcola cristata, were
sensitive to TBTO (96n LC50 = 4 microgram/l). Only
0.1 microgram/l inhibited arm regeneration by the brit-
tle star, Ophioderma brevispina. TBTO was less toxic
to the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, (96h LC50
= 20 microgram/l). Continuing studies include re-
search on effects of TBTO on 1-, 4-and 10-day old
mysids and estuarine seagrass communities.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Aquatic plant. Aquatic biology.
Exposure, Water pollution, Sea grasses, Tin inorganic
compounds. Tin oxides, Marine microorganisms,
"Toxic substances, "Water pollution effects(Plants),
*Oxide/bis(butyltin-tri), Skeletonema costatum, Tha-
lassiosira psedonana, Arenicola cristata, Ophioderma
brevispina, Palaemonetes pugio, Gulf Breeze(Florida).
PB87-102802/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Drinking Water Transmission of Giardiasis in the
United States,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
E. W. Akin, and W. Jakubowski. Sep 86,16p EPA/
600/D-86/212
For about a century after Giardia was named by Lambl
in 1859, the occurrence of the organism in humans
was not widely considered significant in explaining the
etiology of disease. The organism is now recognized
as a cause of disease that ranges from mild to severe
and debilitating gastroenteritis. Beginning in 1965,
drinking water became increasingly implicated as an
important route of transmission. An outbreak occurred
in a Colorado ski resort in that year. Sewage contami-
nation of the well water supply was thought to be the
source of the organism. From 1965 through 1984, 90
waterborne outbreaks with 23,776 cases of giardiasis
were reported in the United States. The report dis-
cusses the etiologic agent and examines drinking
water outbreak occurrence and control.
Keywords: "Water supply, "Disease vectors, "Giardia-
sis, History, Etiology, Gastrointestional diseases
Sewage, Water pollution, Water wells, Sources, Cysts,'
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-103032/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Full Scale Plume Study: A Summary of Data Col-
lected and Phenomena Observed,
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Con-
cord, MA,
T. Lavery, G. Holzworth, F. Schiermeier, W. Snyder,
and L. Truppi. Sep 86,13p EPA/600/D-86/219
Contract EPA-68-02-3421
Prepared in cooperation with Siijma Research Corp.,
Lexington, MA. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospher-
ic Sciences Research Lab.
The paper briefly describes the field tracer studies that
were conducted in support of EPA's Complex Terrain
Model Development project. A more detailed descrip-
tion is given of the last field study, conducted from the
Tracy Power Plant near Reno, Nevada. During 14 ex-
periment periods, 128 hours of dual-tracer samples
were collected at up to 100 locations. These concen-
tration measurements were supported by conventional
meteorological information as well as information from
lidars and monostatic and doppler acoustic sounders.
Finally, the paper describes some typical but complex
flow patterns that occurred during stable conditions in
the irregular terrain of the study area.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric models, 'Plumes, "Air pollu-
tion,	Electric	power	plants,
Concentration(Composition), "Atmospheric disper-
sion, Complex Terrain Model.
PB87-103099/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Modified N.R.C. Version of the U.S.G.S. Solute
Transport Model. Volume 1. Modifications. Final
rept.,
Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater.
D. C. Kent, L. LeMaster, and J. Wagner. Sep 86,149p
EPA/600/2-86/089A
See also PB87-103107. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr
Environmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
The methods described in the report can be used with
the modified N.R.C. version of the U.S.G.S. Solute
Transport Model to predict the concentration of chemi-
cal parameters in a contaminant plume. The two
volume report contains program documentation and
user's manual. The program documentation has been
written for those who have a background in mathemat-
ics and/or computer systems white the user's manual
was written in layman's terms for those who may not
have a background in numerical methods or computer
programming. The program should function properly
on any computer that has a PL/t compiler available.
The computer codes will be implemented on the
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory
(RSKERL), Ada, OK, computer and other EPA comput-
er systems accessed by RSKERL.
Keywords: 'Contaminants, 'Ground water, 'Solutes,
Plumes, Computer programs, Mathematical models,
Hydraulic conductivity, Concentration(Composition),
'Environmental transport, Fate of pollutants, USGS
Solute Transport Models, Fortran 4 programming lan-
guage.
PB87-103107/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Modified N.R.C. Version of the U.S.G.S. Solute
Transport Model. Volume 2. Interactive Pre-
processor Program. Final rept.,
Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater.
D. C. Kent, L. LeMaster, and J. Wagner. Sep 86,304p
EPA/600/2-86/089B
See also PB87-103099. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr
Environmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
The methods described in the report can be used with
the modified N.R.C. version of the U.S.G.S. Solute
Transport Model to predict the concentration of chemi-
cal parameters in a contaminant plume. The two
volume report contains program documentation and
user's manual. The program documentation has been
written for those who have a background in mathemat-
ics and/or computer systems while the user's manual
was written in layman's terms for those who may not
have a background in numerical methods or computer
programming. The program should function properly
on any computer that has a PL/1 compiler available.
The computer codes will be implemented on the
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory
(RSKERL), Ada, OK, computer and other EPA comput-
er systems accessed by RSKERL.
Keywords: 'Contaminants, 'Ground water, "Solutes,
Plumes, Computer programs, Mathematical models,
Hydraulic conductivity, Concentration(Composition),
"Environmental transport, USGS solute transport
models, Fortran 4 programming language.
PB87-103115/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Predicting Equilibria for Single Solute and Multi-
component Aqueous-Phase Adsorption onto Acti-
vated Carbon,
Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton.
T. F. Speth. Sep 86,275p EPA/600/2-86/087
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Granular activated carbon (GAC) is useful for removing
potentially harmful synthetic organic chemical (SOCs)
found in drinking water sources. In the design of fixed-
bed contacters, equilibrium considerations govern the
usage rate of the carbon, while mass transfer consid-
erations control the size and configuration of the con-
tactor. The research deals with equilibrium consider-
ations for single and multicomponent adsorption.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Activated carbon
treatment, 'Water pollution control, Design criteria,
Beds(Process engineering), Contactors, Mass trans-
fer, Solutes, Chemical equilibrium, Temperature, Isoth-
erms, pH, Mathematical models, Adsorption,
Tables(Data), Computer programming, 'Drinking
water.
PB87-103214/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstration of Pesticide
Products Containing Glypnosate as the Active In-
redient.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jun 86,212p EPA/540/RS-86/156
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: 'Standards, 'Pesticides, Regulations, Gly-
cine, Amine salts, Sodium inorganic compounds, Tox-
icity, Chemical properties, Herbicides, Rats, Waste dis-
posal, Exposure, Metabolism, Requirements,
Tables(Data), 'Glyphosate, Pesticide residues.
PB87-103222/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstration of Pesticide
Products Containing Sodium and Calcium Hypo-
chlorite Salts as the Active Ingredient,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Feb 86,136p EPA-540/RS-86-154
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Calcium hypochlorites,
"Sodium hypochlorite, Hypochlorites, Calcium inor-
ganic compounds, Sodium inorganic compounds, Reg-
ulations, Standards, Ecology, Agricultural products,
Packaging, Labels, Genetics, 'Rereglstration, 'Toxic
substances, Path of pollutants, Federal Insecticide
and Rodenticide Act.
PB87-103412/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Audits of
State and Local Inspection/Maintenance Pro-
rams. Technical rept.,
nvironmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
P. A. Lorang, J. A. Armstrong, and J. M. Cabaniss. 18
Jun 85,18p EPA/AA/TSS/IM-85/09
Presented at Annual Meeting and Exhibition of the Air
Pollution Control Association (78th), Detroit, Ml., 18
Jun 85.
Many State and local agencies have implemented ve-
hicle emissions l/M programs in the last few years.
EPA began to audit these programs in federal fiscal
year 1984. Results of the l/M audits indicate that (1)
enforcement is a problem in some programs with stick-
er based enforcement; (2) low reported failure rates
are a problem in many decentralized programs, espe-
cially government programs; (3) high waiver rates are a
problem in some programs, both centralized, and de-
centralized; (4) analyzer quality assurance ranges from
excellent in centralized, contractor programs to mar-
ginal in decentralized programs with manual analyzers
and in some centralized government run programs; (5)
data analyses are not being effectively used in most
programs to monitor and improve program perform-
ance and the performance of individual inspection sta-
tions; (6) the quality of l/M repairs is a problem, to
some extent, in every program audited. EPA believes
that the resolution of these problems generally rests
with each State/local l/M program developing an
overall l/M quality assurance program to ensure that
problems are identified and resolved in a timely
manner.
Keywords: 'Maintenance, 'Inspection, 'Motor vehi-
cles, 'Exhaust emissions, State government, Local
government, Air pollution, 'Air quality, Federal test
procedure, Automobile exhaust.
PB87-103560/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Municipal Sludge Composting Technology Evalua-
tion,
Brown and Caldwell, Pleasant Hill, CA.
A. H. Benedict, E. Epstein, and J. N. English. C1986,
13p EPA/600/J-86/139
Contract 68-03-1818
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Pollution Control Federation, v58
n4 p279-289 Apr 86. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
The report summarizes the findings of a technology
evaluation of municipal sludge composting as demon-
strated at five facilities: three with aerated static piles,
a windrow, and an aerated windrow. Although all of the
sites generally processed sludge reliably and effective-
ly, the purpose is to present key problem areas and
their resolutions. Site and operating features, sludge
loadings, compost characteristics, capital and oper-
ation and maintenance (O&M) costs, compost reve-
nues, and procedures to minimize odors are present-
ed.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Composts, Municipali-
ties, Aeration, Processing, Efficiency, Materials han-
dling, Operating costs, Mixing, Maintenance, Odors,
Moisture, Performance evaluation, Reprints, 'Sludge
treatment.
PB87-103576/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Removing 'Giardia' Cysts from Low Turbidity
Waters by Rapid Rate Filtration. Journal article,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins.
M. Y. Al-Ani, D. W, Hendricks, G. S. Logsdon, and C. P.
Hibler. C1986,11p EPA/600/J-86/13B
Pub. in Jnl. of American Water Works Association, v78
n5 p66-73 May 86. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
Pilot-plant studies showed that when effective chemi-
cal pretreatment is employed in combination with rapid
rate filtration, removals of turbidity, total coliform bac-
teria, and Giardia cysts from low turbidity waters may
be greater than 80 and 99.9 percent, respectively.
Proper coagulation, however, requires the careful se-
lection of chemicals and dosages. It was also ob-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
served that for waters having turbidity levels less than
1 ntu, percent reduction of turbidity can serve as a sur-
rogate indicator of the removal of Giardia cysts.
Keywords: 'Giardia, "Membranes, "Filtration, "Water
treatment, "La Pondre River, Pilot plants, Turbidity,
Coliform bacteria, Coagulation, Dosage, Bacteria, Dia-
tomaceous earth, Flocculating, Sedimentation, Cysts,
Removal, Efficiency, Reprints, "Pre-treatment water.
PB87-103586/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Complex Terrain Dispersion Model,
Sigma Research Corp., Lexington, MA.
D. G. Strimaitis, D. C. DiCristofaro, and T. F. Lavery.
Sep 86,18p EPA/6QQ/D-86/220
Contract EPA-68-02-3421
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
The paper describes the current state of EPA's Com-
plex Terrain Disperson Model (CTDM), which has been
under development during the past five years, The
CTDM employs the concept of a dividing streamline
height (a function of wind and temperature profiles),
below which plume segments pass round the sides of
a hill and/or above which they pass up and over the
top. The model is currently constrained to simulate
concentrations on the windward side of isolated ter-
rain. The paper includes a comparison of CTDM con-
centration estimates with concentrations observed
during a recent tracer study from a power plant in the
Sierra-Nevada Mountains.
Keywords: "Atmospheric circulation, "Terrain, "Sierra
Nevada Mountains, Mathematical models, Atmospher-
ic diffusion, Plumes, Air pollution, Trends, Electric
power plants, Tracer studies.
PB87-103594/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Scale-Up of Rapid Small-Scale Adsorption Tests
to Field-Scale Adsorbers: Theoretical and Experi-
mental Basis,
Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton.
J. K. Bemoan. Sep 86,222p EPA/600/2-86/086
See also PB86-239886. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering
Research Lab.
Design of full-scale adsorption systems typically in-
cludes expensive and time-consuming pilot studies to
simulate full-scale adsorber performance. Accordingly,
the rapid small-scale column test (RSSCT) was devel-
oped and evaluated experimentally. The RSSCT can
simulate months of full-scale adsorber operation in
several days without extensive isotherm and kinetic
data. The disperse-flow, pore- surface-diffusion model
(DFPSDM) was used to determine the scaling factors
because the DFPSDM includes most of the important
phenomena that occur in fixed-bed adsorbers. Using
these scaling relationships, similar breakthrough pro-
files for the RSSCT and full-scale adsorber are expect-
ed when they are compared in terms of the number of
bed volumes that were fed. Experimental RSSCT
breakthrough profiles for a six solute mixture at influent
concentrations between 3000 -6000 micro gram/I
were found to be identical to those of a pilot-scale
column test.
Keywords: *Colums(Process engineering), "Activated
carbon treatment, *Absorbers(Equipment), Absorp-
tion, Model tests, Design, Mathematical models, Diffu-
sion, Beds(Process engineering), Experimental data,
Pilot plants, Solutes, Mixtures, Profiles, Correlation,
Hydraulic loading.
PB87-103628/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park NC Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Lime and Cement Industry Particulate Emissions:
Source Category Report. Volume 1. Lime Indus-
try. Final rept. Jun 84-Jul 86,
Midwest Research Inst,, Kansas City MO.
J S Kinsey. Sep 86,280p EPA/600/7-86/031
Contract EPA-68-02-3999	.	D
SDonsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of a study to develop particu-
late emission factors based on cutoff size for inhalable
particles for the lime industry. After reviewing available
information characterizing particulate emissions from
lime plants, the data were summarized and rated in
terms of reliability. Size specific emission factors were
developed from these data for the major processes
used in the manufacture of lime. A detailed process
description was presented with emphasis on factors
affecting the generation of emissions. A replacement
for Section 8.15 (Lime Manufacturing) of EPA report
AP-42, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emissions Factors,
was prepared, containing the size specific emission
factors developed during this program.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Cements, Particle
size distribution, Aerosols, Chemical industry, Calcium
oxides, Computer programs, Tables(Data), "Lime in-
dustry, "Emission factors, "Particulate sampling, Sta-
tionary sources, Inhalation.
PB87-103719/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Validity of Effluent and Ambient Toxicity Tests for
Predicting Biological Impact, Back River, Balti-
more Harbor, Maryland,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
D. I. Mount, A. E. Steen, and T. J. Norberg-King. Jul 86,
90p EPA/600/8-86/001
Prepared in cooperation with EA Engineering, Science,
and Technology, Inc., Sparks, MD.
The purpose for the study was to measure the toxicity
of effluents discharged to an estuary using freshwater
test species and compare the predictions with the re-
ceiving water biological impact. In addition, ambient
tests were done in conjunction with salinity tolerance
tests to compare the agreement between the effluent
toxicity tests and the ambient toxicity where salinity
itself was not beyond acceptable ranges. Acceptable
salinity was based on the concurrent salinity tests. A
marine bacterium species was also tested in which the
standard method requires salinity adjustment of the
test solution so that salinity stress is not involved. Sa-
linity in the ambient samples had less effect than was
predicted from the salinity tolerance tests.
Keywords: "Fresh water fishes, "Toxicity, "Salinity,
"Estuaries, "Water pollution, Measurement, Compari-
son, Standards, Brackish water, Bacteria, Daphnia,
Trout, Tolerances(Physiology), Tests, Environmental
impacts, Back River, Maryland, Baltimore Harbor.
PB87-103735/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstration of Pesticide
Products Containing Pronamlde as the Active In-
redient,
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Apr 86,137p EPA/540/RS-86-160
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, Ecology,
"Reregistration, "Toxic substances, "Pronamide, Kerb
50W, Federal Insecticide and Rodenticide Act, Benz-
amide/N-(dimethyl-propynyl)-dichloro, CAS 23950-58-
5.
PB87-103974/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Effect of Bromide on the Formation and Distribu-
tion of Trihalomethanes in Chlorinated Ground
Water. Master's thesis,
Florida International Univ., Miami.
K. Kashfian. Sep 86, 240p EPA/600/2-86/088
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Trihalomethanes (THM's) are formed during the chlor-
ination of waters as a result of the reaction between
chlorine and naturally occurring aquatic organic com-
pounds and humic substances. The effect of bromide
ion at various concentrations of chlorine, pH, and reac-
tion time were studied. All of these interact and influ-
ence the formation and distribution of individual trihalo-
methanes (THM's). Addition of bromide, longer reac-
tion time, higher pH, and higher chlorine concentration
were all found to increase the yield of trihalomethanes.
The chlorine concentration corresponding to the break
point resulted in THM yield less than that observed for
the chlorine concentrations on either side of the break
point. The phenomenon is as yet unexplained.
Keywords: "Bromides, "Water pollution, Ground water,
Concentration(Composition), Chlorine, pH, Chemical
reactions, Chloroform, Graphs(Charts), Chlormation,
"Halomethanes, Methane/bromo-dichloro, Methane/
chloro-dibromo, Bromoform
PB87-104493/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
'Giardia' Detection In Water Systems,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
J. F. Sauch. Oct 86, 11p EPA/600/D-86/234
A method has been developed combining immuno-
fluorescence and phase-contrast to microscopically
locate and identify Giardia cysts among particulates fil-
tered from water samples. Selective staining of cysts
with anti-Giardia antiserum and a fluorochrom en-
hances the contrast between cysts and other sample
constituents and allows quick location of cysts by their
green fluorecence. Their identity can then be con-
firmed with phase-contrast observation of size, shape,
and internal morphology. The method was successful-
ly tested during recent outbreaks in Pennsylvania and
Massachusetts. However, when chlorinated water
samples were tested, confirmation of presumptive
Giardia cysts was difficult or impossible.
Keywords: "Giardia, "Water supply, "Gastro intestinal
diseases, Detection, Immune serums, Cysts, Identify-
ing, Biological stains, Fluorescence, Cell morphology,
Chlorination, Tests, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts.
PB87-104501/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Streamlines in Stratified Flow over a Three-Di-
mensional Hill,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
R. S. Thompson, and M. S. Shipman. Oct 86,5p EPA/
600/D-86/235
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
A fluid modeling study was performed in the EPA Fluid
Modeling Facility's stratified towing tank to determine
the effects of stratification on the flow field over a
three-dimensional hill. Streamlines in the stratified flow
over an axisymmetric hill were marked with a dye
tracer and photographed with a two-camera system.
The trajectories on the photographs were digitized and
processed by computer to determine the amount of
deflection of the streamlines as they pass around the
hill and the closest approach of each to the hill sur-
face. A range of approach flow Froude number from
1.0 to 8.0 based on the hill height and neutral flow
were modeled.
Keywords: "Laminar flow, "Stratification, "Hills, *Air
pollution, Fluid mechanics, Model tests, Flow distribu-
tion, Dyes, Trajectories, Data processing, Deflection,
Mathematical models, Photographic techniques,
Froude number.
PB87-104S35/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Conventional and Advanced Coal
Cleaning Techniques. Final rept. Apr 82-Sep 84,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
A. B. Onursal, J. Buroff, and J. Strauss. Sep 86,385p
EPA/600/7-86/017
Contract EPA-68-02-3136
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report assesses the capability, cost, and environ-
mental affects of coal cleaning to reduce sulfur dioxide
(S02) emissions. It is the culmination of a 4-year pro-
gram directed by EPA's AEERL. The report includes
evaluations of S02 emission reductions by cleaning
coals on a state and regional basis; descriptions of
coal cleaning equipment; calculation of environmental
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tradeoffs; development of algorithms for coal cleaning
capital costs, operation and maintenance costs, and
cost benefits; brief descriptions of advanced coal
cleaning processes; summaries of coal and utility in-
dustry trends relative to coal cleaning; and develop-
ment of a utility-system-based model for calculating
S02 emission compliance costs using coal cleaning,
blending, and flue gas desulfurization options. The
report notes that 85% of the S02 emission reductions
produced by coal cleaning would be attained from
coals in the Northern Appalachian and Eastern Mid-
west regions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Sulfur dioxide,
'Coal, Flue gases, Coal preparation, State govern-
ment, Desulfurization, Cost estimates, "Air pollution
control equipment, Stationary sources, Environmental
effects.
PB87-104568/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA.
Factors Affecting Incorporation of Bromide into
Brominated Trihaiomethanes during Chlorinatlon,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
G. L. Amy, P. A. Cnadik, 2. K. Chowdhury, P. H. King,
and W. J. Cooper. c1985,12p EPA/600/D-86/223
Pub. in Proceedings of Conference on Water Chlorina-
tion; Environmental Impact and Health Effects (5th),
Williamsburg, Virginia, June 3-8, 1984, p907-922. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Florida International Univ.,
Miami, and Arizona Univ., Tucson. Sponsored by Elec-
tric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA., and National
Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD.
Nine natural waters were evaluated to define the ef-
fects of temperature, pH, chlorine dose, bromide ion
concentration, precursor source and concentration,
and reaction time on the formation of THM-Br and the
related conversion of inorganic bromide to THM-Br. In
THM formation a portion of the inorganic bromide ion
concentration is converted to organically bound bro-
mine in the three common brominated THM species.
The percentage conversion (1) increases rapidly in the
first stages of THM formation and approaches a pla-
teau at longer reaction times; (2) increases with in-
creasing pH and increasing temperature; (3) increases
with chlorine concentration but approaches a plateau
at high concentrations; (4) initially increases with Br(l-)
concentration to a maximum percentage conversion
and subsequently decreases at higher Br(1-) concen-
trations. It was difficult to define clear trends for the
variation of percentage conversion with THM precur-
sor source and concentration presumably because of
multiplicative effects of variables as well as param-
eters such as ammonia concentration that were not
examined in the study.
Keywords: "Chlorination, "Water treatment, Chemical
reactions, Concentration(Composition), Chlorine, Bro-
mides, pH, Temperature, "Bromine ions, "Trihaio-
methanes, "Chemical reaction kinetics, Precursor.
PB87-104576/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA.
Sunlight-induced Photodecompositlon of Chlo-
rine Dioxide,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. G. Zika, C. A. Moore, L. T. Gidel, and W. J. Cooper.
C1986,10p EPA/60O/D-86/222
Pub. in Proceedings of Conference on Water Chlorina-
tion: Environmental Impact and Health Effects (5th),
Williamsburg, Virginia, June 3-8, 1984, p1041-1053.
Prepared in cooperation with Florida International
Univ., Miami, and Miami Univ., FL. Sponsored by Elec-
tric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA., and National
Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD.
At many water treatment facilities, water being treated
by an oxidant is exposed to direct sunlight. The ready
decomposition of both CI02 and CI02(1-) by sunlight
and fluorescent lights can lead to significant losses
during water treatment. The characteristics of the
water plays an important role in the nature of the by-
products resulting from light-Initiated reactions, and
significant levels of CI03( 1 -), Br03(1 and bromoform
can be produced. The bromide ion was found to play a
particularly important role in THM formation and In initi-
ating light reactions that accelerated the decomposi-
tion of CI02 in the dark.
Keywords: "Water, "Chlorination, "Photolysis, Water
treatment, Ultraviolet radiation, Chemical reactions,
Byproducts, Oxidizers, "Chlorine 0xide(CIO2), "Water
pollution control, Bromoform, Bromine ions, Environ-
mental impact, Trihaiomethanes.
PB87-104584/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
International Sulfur Deposition Model Evaluation,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
T. L. Clark, R. L. Dennis, S. Seilkop, E. C. Voldner, and
M. Alvo. Oct 86, 7p EPA/600/D-86/225
Proceedings of the Joint Conference on the Applica-
tions of Air Pollution Meteorology (5th), Chapel Hill,
NC., November 17-21, 1986. Prepared in cooperation
with Program Resources, Inc., Research Triangle
Park, NC., Atmospheric Environment Service, Downs-
view (Ontario), and Ottawa Univ. (Ontario).
Eleven long-term sulfur deposition models are evaluat-
ed for each season of 1980 using screened precipita-
tion chemistry data from five North American net-
works. Two objectives of the model evaluation are (1)
to identify which models best replicate the observed
temporal and spatial patterns of sulfur wet deposition
within data uncertainty limits (i.e., from measurement
errors and spatial variability) and (2) to delineate for
each model areas and periods of good and poor
agreement with observations. Analyses indicated that
the MOE, SERTAD and TVA models significantly
under/overpredict in neither more than 20% of the
evaluation region for any season nor in 25% of any of
the four subregions. Many of the models replicated
rather well the temporal pattern. However, the tempo-
ral patterns of the SIMPMOD and STATMOD models
were significantly different.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Atmospheric models,
"Sulfur, Precipitation(Chemistry), Climatic changes,
Acid rain.
PB87-104592/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Distribution System Reliability Analysis Using a
Microcomputer,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
J. A. Goodrich, R. M. Clark, B. W. Lykins, and D. R.
Schaefer. Oct 86,15p EPA/600/D-86/231
Pub. in Proceedings of the AWWA (American Water
Works Association) Distribution System Symposium,
Minneapolis, MN., September 7-10,1986. Prepared in
cooperation with Cincinnati Water Works, OH.
Distribution system reliability for most utilities is main-
tained by the knowledge of a few key personnel. Gen-
erally, these water maintenance personnel use a good
memory, repair records, a large wall map and a hy-
draulic model of the larger transmission mains to help
identify problem areas and maintain distribution
system performance. A tool that is becoming increas-
ing popular and affordable for many aspects of water
utility management, including the tracking of main fail-
ures, is the microcomputer. The objectives of the re-
search were to: (a) identify pipe characteristics most
likely to fail, (b) assess the resources necessary to uti-
lize microcomputer in this application, (c) compare and
contrast results with those of a previous study that only
analyzed large transmission mains, and (d) evaluate
the relevance of only analyzing a sample of a large util-
ity compared to the time and cost necessary to study
the entire network.
Keywords: "Distribution systems, "Water distribution,
"Reliability, Public utilities, Maintenance, Water pipe-
lines, Tracking, Failure, Defects, Cost estimates, Math-
ematical models, Assessments, Comparison, Ohio,
* Microcomputers, Cincinnati(Ohio).
PB87-104600/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Photochemical Modeling Applied to Natural
Waters,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
J. M, C. Plane, R. G. Zika, R. G. Zepp, and L. A. Burns.
Oct 86,27p EPA/600/D-86/226
Prepared in cooperation with Rosenstiel School of
Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, FL.
The study examines the application of modeling photo-
chemical processes in natural water systems. For
many photochemical reactions occurring in natural
waters, a simple photochemical model describing re-
action rate as a function of intensity, radiation attenu-
ation, reactant absorptivity, and quantum yield is insuf-
ficient. Other factors governing the species distribution
must be considered. These factors are divided into
processes that cause production, decay, and mixing
and transport. Three different photochemically active
compounds are used as examples to illustrate how
these various factors affect their distribution. Hydrogen
peroxide is used as an example of a compound that is
produced in situ, whereas trifluralin and pentachloro-
phenol are compounds that have very different ab-
sorption spectra and are introduced from external
sources.
Keywords: "Photochemical reactions, "Streams, Or-
ganic compounds, Mathematical models. Hydrogen
peroxide, Phenol, Chlorine organic compounds, Inor-
ganic compounds, Decay, Adsorption, Mixing, Solar ra-
diation, Attenuation, Quantum efficiency, Trifluralin,
Phenol/chloro-penta.
PBB7-104618/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Predicting Water Quality In Distribution Systems,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. M. Clark, W. M. Grayman, R. M. Males, and J. D.
Coyle. Sep 86,31p EPA/600/D-86/230
Prepared in cooperation with RMM Technical Serv-
ices, Inc., Cincinnati, OH., and North Penn Water Au-
thority, Lansdale, PA.
The quality of a public water supply although accepta-
ble when it leaves the treatment plant, may deteriorate
before it reaches the user. Deterioration may be
caused by either chemical or biological transforma-
tions or by a loss of system integrity. There have been
a growing number of coliform recjrowth and biofilm for-
mation situations reported in distribution systems. A
water quality prediction model has been developed in
cooperation with the North Penn Water Authority. The
cooperative agreement has focused on the hydraulic
behavior of the system, examination of historical water
quality sampling data, and steady-state modeling of
water quality witnin the distribution system.
Keywords: 'Distribution systems, "Water distribution,
"Water pollution, Deterioration, Coliform bacteria,
Microorganisms, Growth, Mathematical models, Water
pipes, Water flow, Hydraulic models, Steady state. Al-
gorithms.
PB87-104828/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Incinerator Operating Parameters which Correlate
with Performance. Final rept. Jan 85-Jun 86,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
L. J. Staley, M. K. Richards, G. L. Huffman, and D. P. Y.
Chang. Oct 86,50p EPA/600/2-86/091
Two sets of tests were carried out; in the first set, a
series of six different experiments were conducted in
which five different organic compounds diluted in hep-
tane were burned in a water-jacketed, pilot-scale com-
bustor. Excess air levels were varied to produce
changes in the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration in
the combustor exhaust. Tenax trap samples were
taken at various CO levels for purposes of determining
accompanying Destruction Efficiencies (DEs) and
levels of Products of Incomplete Combustion (PICs). In
the second set of tests, CO concentration was meas-
ured as a function of Swirl Number and nozzle position.
During these tests, only an occasional measurement
of DE was made. Overall results indicate that CO
levels have only a tenuous relationship with DE and
vary somewhat with the compound being burned; CO
varies significantly with excess air and other combus-
tion parameters.
Keywords: "Incinerators, "Hazardous materials, Per-
formance testing, Combustion, Emission,
Graphs(Charts), Carbon monoxide, "Principal Organic
Hazardous Constituents.
PB87-104634/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Convective Diffusion Field Measurements Com-
pared with Laboratory and Numerical Experi-
ments,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
G. A. Briggs, W. L. Eberhard, J. E. Gaynor, W. R.
Moninger, and T. Uttal. Oct 86,7p EPA/600/D-86/236
Prepared in cooperation with National Oceanic and At-
mospheric Administration, Boulder, CO. Wave Propa-
gation Lab.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Some of the more fundamental diffusion parameters
measured in the CONDORS convective diffusion field
experiment are compared with laboratory experiment
and numerical modeling results by means of nondi-
mensionalizations using convective scaling (i.e..
mixing depth, z sub i, for length and w* for velocity).
The CONDORS experiment used remote sensors,
radar and lidar, to measure three-dimensional patterns
of metalicized 'chaff' and oil fog. The growth of the ver-
tical standard deviation of plume distribution, sigma
sub z, agrees quite well with the non-field results, ap-
proximating 0.6 w*t nearly to the point of limitation by
capping at z = z sub i. The lateral standard deviation,
sigma sub y, also tends to approximate 0.6 w*t for
most elevated releases, while most surface releases
show slower growth at large t that better approximates
the non-field results. Surface patterns of crosswind-in-
tegrated concentration show remarkable agreement
with the laboratory results, for the most part, although
there is more variation in individual runs; peak values
from elevated releases are on the order of 70% larger
than conventional Gaussian model predictions.
Keywords: "Atmospheric diffusion, Atmospheric
chemistry, Numerical analysis, Convective flow,
*Convection(Atmospheric), Gaussian plume models,
CONDORS experiment.
PB07-1O4642/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Evaluating 03 Predictions from a Test Application
ot the EPA Regional Oxidant Model,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
K. L. Schere. Oct 86,8p EPA/600/D-86/221
The first generation U.S. EPA Regional Oxidant Model
(ROM1) has been tested and evaluated for 03 predic-
tions on a two-day test case episode (3-4 August
1979) in the Northeast Regional Oxidant Study
(NEROS) area. The two-day episode was character-
ized by relatively high 03 concentrations in the south-
ern Great Lakes area where clear skies persisted.
Intermittent periods of relatively high OS levels existed
near some of the eastern seaboard cities where partly
cloudy skies alternated with clouds and showers in the
vicinity ot a stationary frontal zone. Model evaluation
results for 03 are presented in two stages. First an
analysis of model predictions at all hours of the simula-
tion for all surface monitoring site locations is per-
formed. Results show an average underprediction of
only a few percent. In the second stage, an analysis ol
the ability of the ROM1 to predict daily maximum con-
centrations, two aspects are considered in the evalua-
tion analysis. First, the maximum 03 concentrations at
monitoring station locations are paired with the corre-
sponding model predictions. Second, the model pre-
dictions are analyzed for individual urban emissions
source-area plumes.
Keywords: "Ozone, *Air pollution, Atmospheric chem-
istry,	Mathematical	models,
Concentration(Composition), Plumes, *EPA regional
oxidant model, "Northeast Regional Oxidant Study, Air
quality.
PB87-104659/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Workshops on Research and Future Activities
Needs,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
T. 0. Barnwell, and D. E. Jones. Oct 86,32p
Prepared in cooperation with Department of Housing
and Urban Development, Washington, DC.
The report presents summaries of discussions of
needs for future research in urban stormwater quality
as presented by participants in the Engineering Foun-
dation Conference on Urban Runoff Quality "neld in
Henniker, New Hampshire, in June 1986. The topics
include pollution sources and receiving water impacts,
modeling and data management, institutional issues,
NPDES permits and data requirements, and control
technology.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Water pollution, "Urban areas,
"Meetings, Sources, Streams, Rivers, Water pollution
control, Licenses, State government, Research
projects. Recommendations, "Storm water runoff,
Urban hydrology.
PB87-104667/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Comparison of High Molecular Weight Organics
Isolated from Drinking Water in Five Cities,
Georgia Inst, of Tech., Atlanta.
E. S. K. Chian, M. F. Giabbai, J. S. Kim, J. H. Reuter,
and F. C. Kopfler. Oct 86, 36p EPA/600/D-86/233
Contract EPA-68-03-3094
Prepared in cooperation with EnvironScience Labs.,
Inc., Atlanta, GA. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research T riangle Park, NC.
Since the previously unidentifiable non-volatile fraction
of the chlorinated organics in drinking water is of signif-
icant health concern, the physical and chemical char-
acteristics of the high molecular weight organics isolat-
ed from drinking water in five cities (New Orleans,
Philadelphia, Miami, Seattle, and Ottumwa) were com-
pared. From the results of the study, they may be con-
sidered as part of a single group of natural organic
compounds. Although the respective molecular struc-
tures of the group of compounds are still unknown,
they showed, however, great similarities in terms of
molecular, solubility and functional group among the
samples collected from the five cities. This indicates
that it is probably acceptable to base results of toxico-
logical testing on chlorinated organics from a limited
number of drinking water sources.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Water pollution,
"Urban areas, Chlorine organic compounds. Isolation,
Humic acids, Toxicology, Sources, Chlorination, Mo-
lecular weight, Sampling, Surface waters, Ground
water. Distillation, Spectrographs analysis, Chromato-
graphic analysis, Solubility, Comparison, "Drinking
water, Reverse osmosis.
PB87-104766/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistratlon of Pesticide
Products Containing Amitrole as the Active Ingre-
dient,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Apr 84, 98p EPA/540/RS-86-164
No abstract available.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products. Public health, Regulations, Ecology,
"Reregistration, "Toxic substances, "Amitrole, Tria-
zole/amino. Federal Insecticide and Rodenticide Act,
CAS.
PB87-104774/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistratlon of Pesticide
Products Containing Captafol as the Active Ingre-
dient,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
28 Sep 84,134p EPA/540/RS-86-163
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, Ecology,
"Reregistration, "Toxic substances, "Captafol, CycTo-
hexene-dicarboximide/N-((tetrachloroethyl)thio), Fed-
eral Insecticide and Rodenticide Act, CAS 2425-06-1.
PB87-104782/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Damlnozide as the Active In-
redlent.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jun 84,96p EPA/540/RS-86-161
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, Ecology,
"Reregistration, "Toxic substances, "Daminozide,
Succinic acid/dimethyl-hydrazino, Federal Insecticide
and Rodenticide Act, CAS 1596-84-5.
PB87-104790/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Microbiology of Granular Activated Carbon Home
Treatment Devices,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
D. J. Reasoner, J. C. Blannon, and E. E. Geldreich. Oct
86, 25p EPA/600/D-86/232
Consumer usage of point-of-use granular activated
carbon filtration devices is increasing rapidly, yet there
is little information available to the consumer concern-
ing the efficacy of these devices. In particular, the con-
sumer is very likely to be unaware of the fact that these
devices frequently generate large numbers of bacteria
that are shed in the product water. Studies of point-of-
use treatment devices indicate that the bacteriological
quality of product water varies both within units of the
same design and among units of different design. Im-
portant factors in development of bacterial populations
include the length of time that a filter cartridge is in
service, water temperature, flow rate, construction ma-
terials, and the quality of the influent water. Some units
contain silver as a bacteriostatic agent; its effective-
ness is questionable, however, because heterotrophic
bacteria concentrations associated with such units are
often as high as those found for non-silver containing
units. Although long-term sampling of test units indi-
cates that a wide variety of bacteria can be isolated, in-
cluding some opportunistic and frank pathogens, little
or no information is available on adverse health effects
to consumers from ingestion of water from point-of-
use treatment devices.
Keywords: "Water treatment, "Carbon, "Activated
carbon, Efficacy, Microbiology.
PB87-105359/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Nickel -1986.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Sep 86, 102p* EPA/440/5-86/004
See also PB81-117715.
The document provides a review of the pertinent
aquatic toxicity information available as of 1985, an
evaluation of that data, and derivation of ambient
water quality criteria for salt and fresh water where
possible. Data tables and a complete bibliography are
included. No human health information is provided.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Nickel, Toxic tolerances,
Toxicity, Water pollution, Aquatic biology, Marine biol-
ogy, Fresh water biology, Concentration(Composition),
Exposure. Experimental data, "Ambient water quality
criteria, "Toxic substances, "Water pollution
effects(Animals), "Water pollution effects(Plants).
PB87-105367/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Chlorpyrifos -
1986.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Sep 86,73p* EPA/440/5-86/005
The document provides a review of the pertinant
aquatic toxicity information available as of 1985, an
evaluation of that data, and derivation of ambient
water quality criteria for salt and fresh water where
possible. Data tables and a complete bibliography are
included. No human health information is provided.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Aquatic plants, "Aquatic ani-
mals, Exposure, Phosphorus organic compounds,
Fresh water, Insecticides, Water quality, Salinity!
Concentration(Composition), Salt water, "Ambieni
water quality criteria, "Chlorpyrifos, "Toxic sub-
stances, "Water pollution eflects(Animals), "Water
pollution effects(Plants), Phosphorothiate/(diethyl-
trichloro-pyridyl).
PB87-10S37S/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Toxaphene -
1986.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Sep 86.74p* EPA/440/5-86/006
See also PB8M17863.
Document provides a review of the pertinant aquatic
toxicity information available as of 1985, an evaluation
of that data, and derivation of ambient water quality cri-
teria for salt and fresh water where possible. Data
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tables and a complete bibliography are included. No
human health information is provided.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, "Aquatic animals, 'Aquatic
plants, Exposure, Chlorine organic compounds, Toxici-
ty, Aquatic biology, Marine biology, Pesticides,
Concentration(Composition), Table(Data), 'Ambient
water quality criteria, 'Toxic substances, 'Water pollu-
tion effects(Animals), 'Water pollution effects(Plants),
'Toxaphene, Maximum permissible exposure.
PB87-105383/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria (or Parathion -
1986.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Sep 86, 74p* EPA/440/5-86/007
Document provides a review of the pertinant aquatic
toxicity information available as of 1965, an evaluation
of that data, and derivation of ambient water quality cri-
teria for salt and fresh water where possible. Data
tables and a complete bibliography are included. No
human health information is provided.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Aquatic plants, 'Aquatic ani-
mals, Phosphorus organic compounds, Exposure,
Fresh water, Salt water, Pesticides,
Concentration(Composition), "Ambient water quality
criteria, "Parathion, 'Toxic substances, 'Water pollu-
tion effects(Animals), 'Water pollution effects(Plants),
Phosphorothioate/diethyl-nitrophenyl.
PB87-105391/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Pentachloro-
phenol -1986.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Sep 86,136p* EPA/440/5-86/009
See also PB81-117764.
Document provides a review of the pertinant aquatic
toxicity information available as of 1985, an evaluation
of that data, and derivation of ambient water quality cri-
teria for salt and fresh water where possible. Data
tables and a complete bibliography are included. No
human health information is provided.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, "Aquatic plants, "Aquatic ani-
mals, Exposure, Pesticides, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Water pollution, Fresh water biology,
Concentration(Composition), Maximum permissible
exposure, Phenols, Marine biology, Tables(Data),
"Ambient water quality criteria, "Toxic substances,
"Phenol/pentachloro,	"Water	pollution
effects(Animals), 'Water pollution effects(Plants), PCP
herbicide, CAS 87-86-5.
PB87-105490/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregiatratlon of Pesticide
Product* Containing Diquat Dibromlde at the
Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jun 86,151 p EPA/540/RS-86/157
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels. Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products. Public health, Regulations, Ecology,
Bromine organic compounds, "Reregistration, "Toxic
substances, "Diquat dibromide, Pyrazinediium dibro-
mide/dihydrodipyridol, Federal Insecticide and Roden-
ticide Act, Path of pollutant, CAS 85-00-7.
PB87-105S08/HSU	PC AOfl/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregiatratlon of Pesticide
Products Containing Methyl Bromide as the
Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Aug 86,199p EPA/540/RS-86/162
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Methyl bromide, Standards,
Guidelines, Genetics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous
materials, Agricultural products, Public health, Regula-
tions, Ecology, "Reregistration, "Toxic substances,
Path of pollutants, Federal Insecticide and Rodenticide
Act, CAS 74-83-9.
PB87-10S516/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Carbofuran as the Active in-
redlent.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
18 Jul 84,141 p EPA/540/RS-86/166
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Ha Agricultural products,
Public health, Regulations, Ecology, "Reregistration,
"Toxic substances, "Carbofuran, Carbamic acid/((di-
hydro-dimethyl)-benzofuranyl-ester)-methyl, Federal
Insecticide and Rodenticide Act, Path of pollutants,
CAS 1563-66-2.
PB87-10S532/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Algal-Induced Decay and Formation of Hydrogen
Peroxide In Water: Its Possible Role in Oxidation
of Anilines by Algae. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
R. G. Zepp, Y. I. Skurlatov, and J. T. Pierce. Oct 86,
14p EPA/600/D-86/227
Prepared in cooperation with Akademiya Nauk SSSR,
Moscow. Inst. Khimicheskoi Fiziki.
Studies of the rates of decomposition and photopro-
duction of hydrogen peroxide (H202) by several green
and blue-green algae in water are reported. Results
suggest that algae have an important influence on the
environmental concentration of H202, a widely distrib-
uted oxidant in natural waters. The algal-catalyzed de-
composition of H202 in the dark was found to be
second-order overall, first-order with respect to H202,
and first-order with respect to algal biomass. Exposure
of algal suspensions to sunlight resulted in a build up
of H202, indicating that algae can photoproduce as
well as decompose the oxidant. Kinetic results for the
algal-induced photooxidation ol substituted anilines
are presented and a mechanism involving the interme-
diacy of H202 is discussed.
Keywords: "Hydrogen perioxide, "Deterioration,
"Algae, 'Streams, 'Water pollution, Photoproduction,
Exposure, Oxidation, Anilines, Biomass, Reaction ki-
netics, Oxidants.
PB87-105540/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA.
Novel Precursor of Trlhalomethanes,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
W. J. Cooper, and D. M. Kaganowicz. C1986,16p EPA/
600/D-86/224
Pub. in Proceedings of Conference on Water Chlorina-
tion: Environmental Impact and Health Effects (5th),
Williamsburg, Virginia, June 3-8,1984, p895-906. Pre-
Rared in cooperation with Florida International Univ.,
liami. Sponsored by Electric Power Research Inst.,
Palo Alto, CA., Oak Ridge National Lab., TN., and Na-
tional Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD.
To optimize water treatment processes, a better un-
derstanding of the mechanisms and factors affecting
the formation and distribution of trihalomethanes
(THMs) is needed. Recent studies indicate that alpha-
methylbenzylamine (alpha-MBA) can act as a precur-
sor for THMs. The chapter discusses the formation of
THMs as a function of the variables, bromide and pH at
a chlorine to alpha-MBA mole ratio of 1.0. The forma-
tion curves for the total THM as carbon closely follow
those of natural waters, indicating that alpha-MBA is a
good candidate for studying THM formation rates.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Chemical reactions,
"Water pollution control, Chlorination, Bromides, pH,
Concentration(Composition), Reaction mechanisms,
'Trihalomethanes, 'Benzylamine/methyl, Precursor.
PB87-105615/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Photochemistry in Aqueous Surface Layers: 1-
Naphthol,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
R. A. Larson, and S. A. Rounds. Oct 86,14p EPA/600/
D-86/228
Prepared in cooperation with Illinois Univ. at Urbana-
Champaign.
1-Naphthol was reactive toward direct photolysis in
buffered aqueous solutions (at pH 7, halflife in sunlight
was about 90 min) and in cyclohexane (halflife about
15 min). The reaction rate in water increased with pH.
The mechanisms of the principal photolysis pathways
in both solvents did not involve singlet oxygen. In
aqueous solution, the major ether-extractable product,
lawsone, may have been formed by a radical process
involving 1,2-naphthoquinone and superoxide as inter-
mediates. In cyclo-hexane, most of the photolysis
products observed were very polar. Several oxygen-
containing compounds derived from the solvent were
also observed. In a two-phase system including cyclo-
hexane and pH 7 buffer, the photolysis appeared to
proceed by independent mechanisms in both phases,
but intermediate polar products formed in the organic
layer diffused into the aqueous layer. In a system con-
taining a surface-active material, SDS, the rate of pho-
tolysis decreased; the photoproducts were typical of
those observed in cyclo-hexane rather than water.
Keywords: 'Napthols, Napthalene compounds, Pho-
tolysis, Cyclohexane, Chemical reactions, "Photo-
chemistry, 'Chemical reaction mechanisms.
PB87-105664/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Mississippi, Water Year
1984. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 83-30 Sep 84,
Geological Survey, Jackson, MS. Water Resources
Div.
E. J. Tharpe, F. Morris, and W. T. Oakley. Mar 86,248p
USGS/WRD/HD-86/219, USGS/WDR/MS-84/1
See also PB84-224559.
The report consists of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality of ground-water wells. The report con-
tains records of water discharge at 67 gaging stations;
stage records for 18 of these gaging stations; stage
only at 5 gaging stations; water quality for 23 stations,
2 precipitation-quality stations, and 94 wells; and water
levels for 315 observation wells. Also included are
peak-discharge data for 89 crest-stage partial-record
stations and water-quality data at 66 partial-record or
miscellaneous sites.
Keywords: "Ground water, 'Surface waters,
Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Streams,
Reservoirs, Water table, "Water quality data, "Hydro-
logic data, Water levels, Discharge(Water).
PB87-105797/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technical Support Staff.
Analysis of Fuel Samples from Baltimore, Detroit,
and Philadelphia. Technical rept.,
Southwest Research Inst., Houston, TX.
M. A. Warner-Selph, C. T. Hare, C. A. Harvey, and J.
Adler. Jul 86,61p EPA/AA/TSS/PA-86/03
Contract EPA-68-03-3192
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Ann
Arbor, Ml. Technical Support Staff.
The report describes samples of in-use gasoline ana-
lyzed from a selection of gasoline outlets that were not
major (national) brands. A total of 123 samples were
obtained from three cities; Baltimore, Detroit, and
Philadelphia. All samples were analyzed for Reid
Vapor Pressure (RVP), distillation temperature curve,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
methanol, ethanol, tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA), water
content, and lead content. In addition, the 'Evaporative
Index' (El) was calculated for each fuel.
Keywords: "Gasoline, Chemical analysis, Fuel con-
sumption, Moisture content, Methyl alcohol, Butanols,
Ethyl alcohol, Fuel additives, Lead(Metal), "Reid vapor
pressure, "Evaporative index, Fuels,
Baitimore(Maryland),	Detroit(Michigan),
Philadelphia(Pennsylvania).
PB87-105979/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Water Resources Data tor Colorado, Water Year
1985. Volume 1. Missouri River Basin, Arkansas
River Basin, and Rio Grande Basin. Water-data
rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 84-30 Sep 85,
Geological Survey, Lakewood, CO. Water Resources
Div.
R. C. Ugland, A. C. Duncan, J. L. Ebling, and R. D.
Steger. Jun 86,368p USGS/WRD/HD-86/224,
USGS/WDR/CO-85/1
See also PB86-130648, and PB87-105987.
The report consists of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water discharge records for 351 gaging stations, stage
and contents of 25 lakes and reservoirs, 4 partial-
record low-flow stations, peak flow information for 34
crest-stage partial record stations, and 1 miscellane-
ous site; water quality for 104 gaging stations and 256
miscellaneous sites; and water levels for 53 observa-
tion wells.
Keywords: 'Ground water, "Surface water, "Colorado,
Tables(Data), Stream flow, Lakes, Streams, Reser-
voirs, Water table, Missouri River, Arkansas River, Rio
Grande Basin, "Water quality data, "Hydrologic data.
Water levels, Discharge(Water).
PB87-105987/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Colorado, Water Year
1985. Volume 2. Colorado River Basin above Dolo-
res River. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 84-30 Sep
85,
Geological Survey, Lakewood, CO. Water Resources
Div.
R. C. Ugland, A. C. Duncan, J. L. Ebling, and R. G.
Kretschman. Jun 86,252p USGS/WRD/HD-86/225,
USGS/WDR/CO-85/2
See also PB87-105995.
The report (Volumes 2) contains discharge records for
351 gaging stations, stage and contents of 25 lakes
and reservoir, 4 partial-record low-flow stations, peak
flow information for 34 crest-stage partial record sta-
tions, and 1 miscellaneous site; water levels for 53 ob-
servation wells.
Keywords-. "Ground water, "Surface waters, "Colora-
do, Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes,
Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Temperature, Colo-
rado River, Dolores River, 'Water quality data, 'Hydro-
logic data, Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB87-106100/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Efficiency of Soil Core and Soil-Pore Water Sam-
pling Systems. Final rept.,
Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Sta-
tion.
K. W. Brown. Sep 86,132p EPA/600/2-86/083
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
A laboratory column and field lysimeter study were
conducted to evaluate the efficiency of soil core and
soil-pore water samples to detect the migration of the
organic components of land treated wastes through
soil. In the laboratory, column leaching studies were
performed by packing sieved soil into glass columns
35 cm x 4.61.D. The results from the laboratory column
study were used to design the field lysimeter study.
Large undisturbed monoliths of the Bastrop, Norwood,
and Padina soils were collected and equipped with an
underdrain system. Porous ceramic cups were in-
stalled at three depths in the monoliths. Soil core and
soil-pore water samples collected periodically were
monitored for eleven chemicals in the WPW amended
soils, eight chemicals in the SRS amended soils, and
nineteen chemicals in the API waste amended soils.
The relative efficiencies of the two sampling methods
were compared as a function of chemical structure
and octanol-water partition coefficient.
Keywords: "Soils, "Contamination, Water analysis.
Leaching, Organic compounds, "Environmental trans-
port.
PB87-107173/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Background Document on the Development and
Use of Reference Doses. Part 1. Data Needs and
Apportionment. Part 2. Considerations Related to
the Development of Protocols for Toxicity Stud-
ies (Draft),
ENVIRON Corp., Washington, DC.
R. Rubenstein. 20 Dec 85,87p EPA/530/SW-86/048
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
PART I; The Office of Solid Waste (OSW) of EPA pro-
posed certain restrictions on the land disposal of haz-
ardous wastes To ensure protection of human health,
OSW proposed to place limits on the extent of air and
water contamination that may result from long-term,
law-level releases of hazardous chemicals from land
disposal sites. The two principal determinants of these
limits are risk-specific doses (RSDs) and reference
doses (RFDs). PART II: A discussion of the various
considerations influencing the design of protocols for
toxicity testing, provided to guide identification ot the
most cost-effective means to collect toxicity data, is
presented in Part II of this report. Specifically, the op-
tions available for selecting the species and sex, and
species number, number of dose levels, sample size,
and extent of animal examination toward the end of
identifying the minimally-acceptable protocol for con-
ducting a required toxicity test are examined.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'Toxicity, Data collection, Doses, Protocols.
PB87-107751/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
Ground-Water Monitoring Technical Enforcement
Guidance Document. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC-
Office ot Waste Programs Enforcement.
Sep 86, 332p OSWER-9950.1
The report is a detailed presentation of the elements
and procedures which the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency deems essential to the design and oper-
ation of ground-water monitoring systems that meet
the goals of the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA) and its regulations. The essence of the
guidance is that ground-water monitoring systems
should be designed and operated to meet site-specific
conditions, and founded on a good understanding of
local hydrogeology. Further, the system should be de-
signed and constructed to provide samples of ground
water minimally affected by sampling activity.
Keywords: 'Monitoring, 'Ground water, "Water pollu
tion abatement, Instructions, Experimental design
Sampling, Sites, Observation wells, Hydrogeology
Construction, Drilling, Earth fills, Detection, Licenses
Assessments, Decision making, State government
Local government, Graphs(Charts), Resource Conser
vation and Recovery Act.
PB87-107769/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
Facility Assessment Guidance,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
C. Rastatter, D. Fagan, and D. Foss. Oct 86,176p
EPA/530/SW-86/053
Facilities which manage hazardous wastes are re-
quired to obtain permits under the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976. The guid-
ance document informs RCRA permit writers and en-
forcement officials of procedures to be used in con-
ducting RCRA Facility Assessments. The RCRA cor-
rective action program was established to investigate
and require clean up of releases of hazardous wastes
or constituents to the environment at facilities subject
to RCRA permits. Releases to ground water, surface
water, air, soil, and subsurface strata may be ad-
dressed.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Assessments, "Fa-
cilities, Manuals, Licenses, Law enforcement, Instruc-
tions, Inspection, Solid waste disposal, Exposure, Sur-
face waters, Soils, Earth fills, Gases, Sites, Water pol-
lution, Air pollution. Ground water, Resource Conssr-
vation and Recovery Act of 1976, Clean up, Path of
pollutants.
PB87-107801/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Protection of Hays: 1979-85. Citations from AGRI-
COLA Concerning Diseases and Other Environ-
mental Considerations. Final rept.,
National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.
C. N. Bebee. Aug 86,162p BLA-52
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Pesticide Programs.
The bibliography contains, citations from the current
AGRICOLA file, 1979-85, and include protection of
hays from insects, nematodes, diseases, pesticides,
fertilizers, and other chemicals and environmental
considerations. Sources have been limited to U.S.
publishers.
Keywords: 'Pest control, "Hay, "Bibliographies, Plant
diseases, Insect control, Fertilizers, Pesticides, Nema-
toda, Ozone, Toxicity, Parasites, Environment impacts,
Protection, Alfalfa, Biological pest control, Predators.
PB87-107850/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Methods for Assessing Exposure to Chemical
Substances. Volume 8. Methods for Assessing
Environmental Pathways of Food Contamination.
Final rept.,
Little (Arthur D ), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
J. H. Perwak, J. H.Ong, and R. Whelan. Sep 86,138p
EPA/560/5-85/008
Contracts EPA-68-02-3968, EPA-68-01-6271
See also PB86-157211. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic
Substances.
The report describes methods for evaluating exposure
to chemical substances in food. It is intended to pro-
vide an approach for estimating human exposure to
toxic substances in food when those substances enter
the food through environmental pathways. The meth-
odology provides guidelines and methods in the form
of a step-by-step approach. It allows the use of avail-
able residue data, bul also provides methods for identi-
fication of important contamination pathways based on
chemical uses and properties. Estimation methods for
some contamination pathways are suggested as well
as sources of information to assist the user.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Food contamination, Assess-
ments, Exposure, Humans, Evaluation,
Concentration(Composition), Estimates, Diets, Food
consumption, Chemical properties, Ingestion, Feeding
stuffs, Pollution, Sources, Food chains, "Chemical
compounds, 'Path ol pollutants.
PB87-107876/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Design Information Report: Centrifuges.
Metcalf and Eddy, Inc.. Wakefield, MA.
Sep 86,13p EPA/600/M-86/023
Contract EPA-68-03-3208
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
In the 1960s, manufacturers began to design centri-
fuges specifically for wastewater sludge applications.
In addition, sludge thickening and dewatering process-
es were improved with the introduction of polyelectro-
lytes for chemical sludge conditioning. The report con-
tains a brief description of the major components and
operational principles of solid bowl, imperforate
basket, and disc-nozzle centrifuges, followed by a dis-
cussion of centrifuge application to sludge thickening
and dewatering. Common problems experienced at
centrifuge installations are identified, including causes
of problems, significant cost and plant performance
impacts, and appropriate remedial measures.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Centrifuges, "Dewatering, "Sludge,
Design, Thickening, Performance evaluation, Describ-
ing, Operations, Cost analysis
PB87-108072/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Survey of Household Hazardous Wastes and Re-
lated Collection Programs. Final rept.,
SCS Engineers, Inc., Long Beach, CA.
G. L. Mitchell, D. M. Demichelis, J. D. Marshall, and S.
F. Flaherty. Oct 86,134p EPA/53O/SW-06/O38
Contract EPA-68-01-6621
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste and Emergen-
cy Response.
The report summarizes the results of a study that ad-
dressed: the definition of household hazardous wastes
(HHW); the quantities of HHW in the municipal waste
stream; the impacts of HHW on homeowners, solid
waste collection and disposal personnel, and the envi-
ronment; and HHW collection programs conducted at
State and local levels. A standard definition of HHW
was developed and lists of household products that
may be considered HHW, when discarded, are given.
Several instances of injuries to sanitation workers re-
sulting from handling HHW are documented. Informa-
tion on State and local HHW collection programs is
given, including the benefits and problems associated
with these programs.
Keywords: "Residential buildings, "Hazardous materi-
als, 'Waste disposal, 'Municipalities, Solid waste dis-
posal, Collecting methods, Injuries, Workers, State
government, Local government, Liabilities, Project
planning. Regulations, Hazards, Toxicity, Directories,
Tables(Data), 'Chemicals, Listings.
PB87-108080/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Census of State and Territorial Subtitle D Non-
Hazardous Waste Programs,
Westat, Inc., Rockville, MD. Research Div.
G. Brown, S. Fallah, and C. Thompson. Oct 86,283p
EPA/530/SW-86/039
Contract EPA-68-01 -7047
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste and Emergen-
cy Response.
The results from a mail survey of State and Territorial
non-hazardous waste regulatory programs are given in
the report. The survey determined: State organization
and resources; number and characteristics of landfills,
land application units, and surface impoundments; and
characteristics of the regulatory program. Basic infor-
mation on the total number and characteristics of dis-
posal facilities, including ownership, acreage, amount
of waste received, monitoring systems, design ele-
ments, and operational controls is given. Data on State
regulations and enforcement patterns are included.
Also given are estimates of the number of facilities that
receive exempted amounts of small quantity generator
hazardous waste.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, *States(United States),
Surveys, Earth fills, Ponds, Surface waters, Census,
Monitoring, State government, Law enforcement, Reg-
ulations, Licenses, Statistical data, Facilities,
Tables(Data), "Non-Hazardous Waste Programs, Land
application.
PB87-108833/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 69: Aluminum Phos-
phide.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1 Apr 86,5p EPA/540/FS-87/018
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
Of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials. Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, "Toxic substances, "Phosphide/alu-
minum, Path of pollutants, Chemical information fact
sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, CAS 20859-73-
PB87-108841/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 67: 3,5-Dlbromo.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Sep 85, 4p EPA/540/FS-87/012
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology,
"Toxic substances, "Salicylanide/tribromo, Path of
pollutants, Chemical information fact sheet, Use pat-
terns, Science findings, CAS 87-10-5, CAS 87-12-7,
"Salicylanilide/dibromo.
PB87-1088S8/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 59: Actelllc.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Jun 85,6p EPA/540/FS-87/014
See also PB87-108841.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, Insecticides. "Toxic substances,
* Actetlic, Path of pollutants, Chemical information fact
sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, Phosphoroth-
ioate/((diethylamino)-methyl-pyrimidinyl)-dimethyl,
CAS 29232-93-7.
PB87-108866/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 19: Aldicarb.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Mar 84,14pEPA/540/FS-87/016
See also PB87-108858.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, Insecticides, 'Toxic substances, 'Al-
dicarb, Path of pollutants, Chemical information fact
sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, Propionalde-
hyde/methyl-(methylthio), CAS 116-06-3.
PB87-108874/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 20: Amitrole.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
14 May 84,11 p EPA/540/FS-87/019
See also PB87-108866.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Her-
bicides, Agricultural products, 'Toxic substances.
'Amitrole, Path of pollutants, Chemical information
fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, CAS-61 -82-
5.
PB87-108882/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 12: Anilazine.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
16 Dec 83,7p EPA/540/FS-87/020
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Fun-
gicides, Agricultural products, "Toxic substances, 'An-
ilazine, Path of pollutants, Chemical information fact
sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, Triazinamine/
N-chlorophenyl-dichloro, CAS 101-05-3.
PB87-108890/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 17: Arosurf.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
15 Feb 84,6p EPA/540/ FS-87/021
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, In-
secticides, 'Toxic substances, 'Arosurf, Path of pollut-
ants, Chemical information fact sheet, Use patterns,
Science findings, Poly(ethanediyl-oxy), CAS 52292-17-
8.
PB87-108908/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 83: Arsenal.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
5 Sep 85,7p EPA/540/FS-87/022
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Her-
bicides, 'Toxic substances, 'Arsenal, Path or pollut-
ants, Chemical information fact sheet, Use patterns,
Science findings, CAS 81334-34-1.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-108916/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 91: Arsenic Acid-
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1 Sep 86, 9p EPA/540/FS-87/023
See also P887-108908.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, 'Toxic substances, 'Arsenic acid,
Path of pollutants, Chemical information fact sheet,
Use patterns, Science findings, CAS 7778-39-4.
PB87-108924/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 64: Bentazon and
Sodium Bentazon.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Sep 85, 10p EPA/540/FS-87/026
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties. Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Her-
bicides, Agricultural products, 'Toxic substances,
'Sodium bentazon, Path of pollutants, Chemical infor-
mation fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings,
Benzothiadiazinone dioxide/methylethyl, CAS 50723-
80-3, 'Bentazon.
PB87-108932/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 32: Bronopol.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
2 Aug 84, 6p EPA/540/FS-87/027
See also PB87-108924.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology,
"Toxic substances, 'Bronopol, Path of pollutants,
Chemical information fact sheet, Use patterns, Sci-
ence findings, IMitropropane diol/bromo, CAS 52-51-7.
PB87-108940/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 7: Butylate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
22 Mar 84,8p EPA/540/FS-87/028
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, Herbicides, 'Toxic substances, 'Bu-
tylate, Path of pollutants, Chemical information fact
sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, CAS 2008-41-5.
PB87-108957/HSU
PC A02/MF A01
rpgi - iwaoi / ¦ iVW
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 35: Captafor.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, l/W.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1 Oct 84, 13pEPA/540/FS-87/029
See also PB87-108940.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued alter one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology;, Ecology, Fun-
gicides, Agricultural products, 'Toxic substances,
Captafor, Path of pollutants, Chemical information
fact sheet, "		—*•	CnHinns nvelnhax-
ene
2452-06-1
aiui, r am wi kummiui 11	— -v , .
neet, Use patterns, Science findings, Cyclohex-
dicarboximide/N-((tetrachloroethy[)thio), CAS
PB87-108965/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 75: Captan, N-trlch-
loromethylthlo-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dlcarboxlmlde.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
6 Mar 86,12p£PA/540/FS-87/030
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Fun-
gicides, Agricultural products, 'Toxic substances,
Captan, Path of pollutants, Chemical information fact
sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, Cyclohexene di-
carboximide/N-((trichloromethyl)thio), CAS 133-06-2.
PB87-108973/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 21: Carbaryt.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
5 Sep 85,13p EPA/540/FS-87/031
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, Insecticides, "Toxic substances,
"Carbaryl, Path of pollutants, Chemical information
fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, Carba-
mate/N-(methyl)-napthyl, CAS 63-25-2.
PB87-108981/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 24: Carbofuran.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
25 Jun 84, 11 p EPA/540/FS-87/032
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary o1 the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one ol the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration ol a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials. Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, Insecticides, 'Toxic substances,
'Carbofuran, Path of pollutants, Chemical information
fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, Carbamic
acid/((dihydro-dimethyl)-benzofuranyl-ester)-methyl,
CAS 1563-66-2.
PB87-109393/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Outdance for the Rereglstratlon of Pesticide
Products Containing Phorate as the Active ingre-
dient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Aug 84,128p EPA/540/RS-87/005
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, Ecology,
* Registration, "Toxic substances, "Phorate, Path of
pollutants, Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenti-
cide Act, CAS 298-02-2.
PB87-108401/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstratlon of Pesticide
Products Containing Methldathlon as the Active
Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jan 83,113p EPA/540/RS-87/008
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines. Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products. Public health, Regulations, Ecology,
Toxicology, "Reregistration, "Toxic substances,
"Methidathion, Path of pollutants, Federal Insecticide
Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, CAS 950-37-8.
PB87-109419/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Guidance tor the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Methamidophoe as the
Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 82, 96p EPA/540/RS-87/006
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tural products, Public health, Regulations, Ecology,
Toxicology, Pest control, 'Reregistration 'Toxic sub-
stances, Methamidophos, Path of pollutants, Phos-
phoramidothioate/O-S-dimethyl, CAS 10265-92-6,
Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act.
PB87-109427/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Guidance lor the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing EPTC as the Active Ingredi-
ent.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 83,128p EPA/540/RS-87/001
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of ail studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, Ecology,
Toxicology, Tables(Data), 'Reregistration, 'Toxic sub-
stances, *Thiocarbamate/S-(dipropyl)-ethyl, EPTC
herbicide, Path of pollutants, CAS 759-94-4, Federal
Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act.
PB87-109435/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Fluometuron as the Active
Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
17 Dec 85,91 p EPA/540/RS-86/168
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, Ecology,
Toxicology, 'Reregistration, 'Toxic substances, 'Fluo-
meturon, Path of pollutants, Urea/(alpha-alpha-alpha-
trifluoro-toly)-dimethyl, CAS 2164-17-2, Federal Insec-
ticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act.
PB87-10S443/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Methoprene as the Active In-
gredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Mar 82,262p EPA/540/RS-87/007
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, Ecology,
Toxicology, Pest control, 'Reregistration, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Methoprene, Path of pollutants, Dodeca-
dienoate/methoxy-trimethyl, CAS 40596-69-8, Federal
Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act.
PB87-110037/HSl)	PC A03/MF A01
Regulation and Policy Matrices: A Guide to the
Ruwa Governing Grants Awarded under the Con-
struction Grants Program. Update 1986.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Municipal Pollution Control.
Sep 86,44p
See also PB85-244952.
The publication is an update of the material for the
publication entitled Construction Grants Program
Regulation and Policy Matrices - A Guide to Rules
Governing Grants Awarded Under the Construction
Grants Program' (April 1985) PB85244952/AS.
Keywords: "Grants, 'Construction, 'Water pollution,
Regulations, Municipalities, Financing, Guidelines, Na-
tional government, Construction grants program,
'Sewage treatment plants.
PB87-110276/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Bromacil as the Active Ingre-
dient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Sep 82, 49p EPA/540/RS-86/165
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics. Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials. Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, Ecology,
Tables(Data), Toxicology, 'Reregistration, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Bromacil, Path of pollutants, Federal Insecti-
cide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, CAS 314-40-9.
PB87-110284/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Chlorpyrifos as the Active
Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 84,217p EPA/540/RS-87/003
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, Ecology,
Toxicology, 'Reregistration, 'Toxic substances,
'Chlorpyrifos, Path of pollutants, Federal Insecticide
Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, CAS'2921 -88-2.
PB87-110292/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Hexazinone as the Active In-
redient.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Feb 82,106p EPA/540/RS-87/004
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations. Ecology,
Toxicology, 'Reregistration, 'Toxic substances, 'Hex-
azinone, Path of pollutants, Federal Insecticide Fungi-
cide and Rodenticide Act, CAS 51235-04-2.
PB87-110300/HSU	PC A04/MF AOt
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Cryolite as the Active Ingre-
dient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jun 83, 67p EPA/540/RS-83/026
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Cryolite, Standards, Guide-
lines, Genetics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materi-
als, Agricultural products, Public health, Regulations,
Ecology, Toxicology, 'Reregistration, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Sodium fluoaluminate, Federal Insecticide
Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, CAS 15096-52-3.
PB87-110318/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Dimethoate as the Active in-
gredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Apr 83,115p EPA/540/RS-87/002
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, Ecology,
Toxicology, 'Reregistration, 'Toxic substances, 'Di-
methoate, Path of pollutants, Pest control, CAS 60-15-
5, Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act.
PB87-110326/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing MCPA as the Active Ingredi-
ent.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Mar 82,142p EPA/540/RS-86/169
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, Ecology,
Toxicology, 'Reregistration, 'Toxic substances,
'Acetic acid/chloro-(methyl-ester)-phenoxy, MCPA
herbicide, Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenti-
cide Act, CAS 94-74-6.
PB87-110375/HSU	PC E99
Characteristics of Lakes In the Eastern United
States.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Acid Deposition, Environmental Monitoring,
and Quality Assurance.
Jun 86,1028p-in3v
Set includes PB87-110383 through PB87-110409. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Radian Corp., Austin, TX„
Northrop Services, Inc., Anaheim, CA„ Lockheed En-
gineering and Management Services Co., Inc., Hous-
ton, TX„ and Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
No abstract available.
-------
PB87-110383/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Characteristics of Lakes in the Eastern United
States. Volume 1. Population Descriptions and
Physico-Chemlcal Relationships,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Acid Deposition, Environmental Monitoring,
and Quality Assurance.
R. A. Linthurst, D. H. Landers, J. M. Eilers, D. F.
Brakke, and W. S, Overton. Jun 86,171 p EPA/600/4-
86/007A
See also Volume 2, PB87-110391. Prepared in coop-
eration with Radian Corp., Austin, TX., Northrop Serv-
ices, Inc., Anaheim, CA., Lockheed Engineering and
Management Services Co., Inc., Houston, TX., and De-
partment of Energy, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB87-
110375.
A water sample was collected from each of 1612
lakes. This subset of lakes was selected from within
three regions of the eastern U.S. (the Northeast, Upper
Midwest and Southeast) expected to exhibit low buf-
fering capacity. Each region was divided in subregions.
Subregions were further stratified by alkalinity map
class. A suite of chemical variables and physical at-
tributes though to influence or be influenced by sur-
face water acidification was measured for each lake.
The results of these measurements and data analyses
are described in the report.
Keywords: 'Acidification, "Lakes, 'Water pollution,
* Air pollution, Precipitation(Meteorology), Alkalinity,
Maps, Randomization, Sampling, Selection, Estimat-
ing, Populations, Aluminum, Carbon, Organic com-
pounds, Chemical analysis, Inorganic sulfates, pH, Re-
gression analysis, Concentration(Composition), Physi-
cal properties, Eastern Region(United States), Acid
rain.
PB87-110391/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Characteristics of Lakes In the Eastern United
States. Volume 2. Lakes Sampled and Descriptive
Statistics for Physical and Chemical Variables,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Acid Deposition, Environmental Monitoring,
and Quality Assurance.
W. S. Overton, P. Kanciruk, L. A. Hook, J. M. Eilers,
and D. H. Landers. Jun 86,402p EPA/600/4-86/007B
See also Volume 1, PB87-110383, and Volume 3,
PB87-110409. Prepared in cooperation with Radian
Corp., Austin, TX., Northrop Services, Inc., Anaheim,
CA., Lockheed Engineering and Management Serv-
ices Co., Inc., Houston, TX., and Department of
Energy, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB87-
110375.
A water sample was collected from each of 1612
lakes. This subset of lakes was selected from within
three regions of the eastern U.S. (the Northeast, Upper
Midwest and Southeast) expected to exhibit low buf-
fering capacity. Each region was divided in subregions.
Subregions were further stratified by alkalinity map
class. A suite of chemical variables and physical at-
tributes thought to influence or be influenced by sur-
face water acidification was measured for each lake.
The results of these measurements and data analyses
are described in the report.
Keywords: "Acidification, 'Lakes, 'Water pollution,
'Air pollution, Maps, Sites, Topographic maps, Popula-
tions, Area, Physical properties, Statistical analysis,
Sampling, Aluminum, Fluorides, Amononium com-
pounds, Calcium, Chlorides, Color, Graphs(Charts),
Phosphorus, Eastern Region(United States), Dis-
solved organic carbon.
PB87-110409/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Characteristics of Lakes in the Eastern United
States. Volume 3. Data Compendium of Site Char-
acteristics and Chemical Variables,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Acid Deposition, Environmental Monitoring,
and Quality Assurance.
P. Kanciruk, J M. Eilers, R. A. McCord, D. H. Landers,
and D. F. Brakke. Jun 86,455p EPA/600/4-87/007C
See also Volume 2, PB87-110391. Prepared in coop-
eration with Radian Corp., Austin, TX., Northrop Serv-
ices, Inc., Anaheim, CA., Lockheed Engineering and
Management Services Co., Inc., Houston, TX., and De-
partment of Energy, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB87-
110375.
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
A water sample was collected from each of 1612
lakes. This subset of lakes was selected from within
three regions of the eastern U.S. (the Northeast, Upper
Midwest and Southeast) expected to exhibit low buf-
fering capacity. Each region was divided in subregions.
Subregions were further stratified by alkalinity map
class. A suite of chemical variables and physical at-
tributes thought to influence or be influenced by sur-
face water acidification was measured for each lake.
The results of these measurements and data analyses
are described in the report.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Lakes, "Water pollution,
'Air pollution, Tables(Data), Surveys, Chemical prop-
erties, States(United States), Sampling, Area, Neutral-
izing, Acidity, Calcium, pH, Color, Aluminum, Magnesi-
um, Ammonium compounds, Ions, Stratification, Tem-
perature, Eastern Region(United States), Acid rain.
PB87-110474/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Preliminary Operation of the Fluidized-Bed Com-
bustion Facility for Hazardous Waste Disposal Re-
search: Test Results and Evaluation. Final rept. Oct
82-Jun 85,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. Clayton, H. Dempsey, and R. Machilek. Oct 86,
227p EPA/600/7-86/033
Contract EPA-68-02-3176
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report describes Phase I of a program to provide
research data on the destruction of hazardous wastes
in a fluidized-bed combustor (FBC). The report ad-
dresses three primary areas of the program: facility op-
eration, sampling and analysis, and health and safety.
The FBC was operated at a nominal temperature of
982 C for each test run. The bed height changed
somewhat from run to run, but the residence time at a
temperature of about 982 C was maintained at about
0.8 sec. CO and C02 concentrations in the freeboard
were monitored continuously, along with downstream
02 and total hydrocarbon levels. Operating param-
eters were maintained easily, but were less flexible
than desired. Phase II of the program will re-evaluate
and continue the research effort, based on the Phase I
data and conclusions.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Waste treatment,
'Air pollution control, Combustion, Carbon monoxide,
Carbon dioxides, Waste disposal, Performance, "Flu-
idized-bed combustion, Stationary sources, Volatile or-
ganic compounds.
PB87-110482/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Characterization of Stack Emissions from Munici-
pal Refuse-to-Energy Systems. Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
J. E. Howes, D. F. Kohler, F. L. DeRoos, R. M. Riggin,
and R. L. Barbour. Oct 86, 104p EPA/600/3-86/055
Contract EPA-68-02-3458
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
Stack emissions from three municipal refuse-to-energy
systems were characterized: refuse-derived fuel
(RDF), mass burning (MASS) and modular (MOD). A
comprehensive set of measurements was performed
at each site to determine the physical and chemical
properties of the particulate and gaseous stack emis-
sions. The physical characterization included meas-
urement of the mass concentration, and size distribu-
tion of the stack particulate matter. Inorganic chemical
characterization of the stack emissions included deter-
mination of the elements, anions, and compounds
present in the fly ash, measurement of gaseous HCI
and HF emissions, and determination of volatile trace
element levels. The characterization of organic materi-
als in the stack emissions included specific measure-
ments for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH),
tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (TCDD) and diben-
zofurans (TCDF), and aldehydes. Screening analyses
were performed to provide tentative identification of
organic compounds in the stack emissions.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Flue gases, Aromatic poly-
cylic hydrocarbons. Aldehydes, Fly ash, 'Refuse de-
rived fuels, "Particulate sampling, "Stationary sources,
Dibenzodioxin/tetrachloro, Dibenzofurans, Volatile or-
ganic compounds.
PB87-110490/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Development of a Mlcrometeorotogical and
Tracer Data Archive. Final rept.,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
J. G. Droppo. Oct 86, 25p EPA/600/3-86/053
Contract EPA-68-02-4063
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
The aim of this effort was to develop and test a means
for archiving invaluable data sets in a timely fashion
before the necessary supporting information becomes
lost forever. During the course of the pro|ect, a series
of reports for the user of the archive were prepared.
The final project report documents efforts related to
the development and implementation of the archive
that were not covered in previous reports. The empha-
sis in this report is on the activities related to creation
of data archive sets. Starting with the selection of a
computer and software, and ending with the final qual-
ity assurance checks on the archived data, information
is presented to provide guidance to those wishing to
add additional data sets to the micrometeorological
and tracer data archive.
Keywords: Mathematical models. Computer programs,
"Atmospheric dispersion, Atmospheric boundary layer.
Data processing systems.
PB87-110508/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Office of Research and Development.
Taxonomy	of	'Ceriodaphnia'
(Crustacea:Cladocera) in U. S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency Cultures. Final rept.,
Temple Univ., Philadelphia, PA.
D. B. Berner. Sep 86,45p EPA/600/4-86-032
See also PB86-158474. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Office of Research
and Development.
The study investigated the taxonomy of three groups
of the cladoceran genus Ceriodaphnia in cultures
being used by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. One taxonomic group, having heavy, triangu-
lar denticles in a pecten on the postabdominat claw
and very short male antennules, was identified as C.
reticulata. The second group, with a heavy, setulated
pecten on the claw and long male antennules was
identified as C. dubia Richard 1984. The third group
was taxonomically nearly identical to C. dubia except
that the claw pecten of females sometimes had ovate,
sharp teeth rather than comb-like setules, depending
upon culture conditions. This was determined to be a
hitherto underscribed phenotypic variant of C. dubia,
and is designated as C. dubia, toothed-pecten variety.
Keywords: "Cladocera, "Crustacea, "Daphnia, "Tax-
onomy, "Water pollution, Identifying, Morphology, Fer-
tility, Diagrams, Toxicity, Tests, "Ceriodaphnia.
PB87-110516/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Control of Sulfur Emiuions from Oil Shale Retort-
ing Using Spent Shale Absorption. Final rept. Oct
85-Feb 86,
J and A Associates, Inc., Golden, CO.
K. D. VanZanten, and F. C. Haas. Oct 86,133p* EPA/
600/7-86/032
Contract EPA-68-03-1969
See also PB86-231073. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report describes an investigation of the environ-
mental advantages/disadvantages of absorbing S02
onto combusted retorted oil shale. The objective of the
program was to obtain more information in support of
Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) permit-
ting decisions on sulfur control and to determine if the
emission of other pollutants such as nitrogen oxides
(NOx) and trace elements is significantly increased by
the combustion process. The program consists of two
phases: Phase I developed an engineering assess-
ment and costs for application of this sulfur absorption
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
process to selected leading retorting processes, and
Phase II was experimental work in an integrated oil
shale pilot plant to define operability, proof of principle,
and trace element emissions. Based on the pilot plant
data obtained in this study, fluid bed operating condi-
tions are recommended to optimize S02 and NOx con-
trol. In general, conditions that favor low S02 emis-
sions also favor low CO and trace hydrocarbon emis-
sions, but do not favor low NOx emissions.
Keywords: * Air pollution abatement, 'Oil shale, *De-
sulfurization, 'Sulfur inorganic compounds, Sulfur, Hy-
drogen sulfide, Pilot plants, Industrial wastes. Combus-
tion products, Design criteria. Technology assess-
ment, 'Best technology. Retorting, Oil shale process-
ing plants.
PB87-110524/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Supercritical Fluid Chromatography for High Mo-
lecular Weight Organic Analysis. Final rept. Sep 83-
Jun 84,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
B. W. Wright, H. R. Udseth, and R. D. Smith. Oct 86,
58p EPA/600/2-86/092
Contract EPA-68-02-3628
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report describes a preliminary application of su-
percritical fluid mass spectrometry (MS) techniques to
the analysis of a middle distillate fuel, an emission par-
ticulate extract, and the emission particulates .them-
selves. These techniques include capillary column su-
percritical fluid chromatography (SFC) (alone) and
coupled with MS, direct fluid injection (DFI)/MS, and
supercritical fluid extraction (SFE)/MS. These tech-
niques are still in an early stage of development, but
have demonstrated considerable potential for difficult
analytical problems. The present work shows the fea-
sibility of achieving high resolution separations of com-
plex mixtures with SFC using nonpolar C02 as the
mobile phase. Additionally, these analyses have: pro-
vided an evaluation of the limitations of the present de-
tector interfaces, resulted in further design improve-
ments, and emphasized research areas for further in-
vestigation. The present work also shows that SFC/
MS application to complex mixtures can provide good
separations and usable mass spectra.
Keywords: 'Chromatographic analysis, Mass spec-
troscopy, Chemical analysis, Molecular weight, Organ-
ic compounds, Supercritical fluid chromatography.
PB87-110615/HSU	PC E99
Proceedings: United States/Japan Conference on
Sewage Treatment Technology (10th), and North
Atlantic Treaty Organization/Committee on the
Challenges of Modern Society (NATO/CCMS)
Conference on Sewage Treatment Technology.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Jul 86, 978p-in 3v
Set includes PB87-110623 through PB87-110649.
No abstract available.
PB87-110623/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Proceedings: United States/Japan Conference on
Sewage Treatment Technology (10th), and North
Atlantic Treaty Organization/Committee on the
Challenges of Modern Society (NATO/CCMS)
Conference on Sewage Treatment Technology.
Volume 1. Part A. Japanese Papers.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Jul 86, 374p EPA/600/9-86/015A
See also PB85-227379 and PB87-110631. Confer-
ences held at Cincinnati, Ohio, October 1985.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB87-
110615.
The proceedings of the conferences comprise a useful
body of knowledge on advances in sewage and
wastewater treatment and sludge management tech-
nology. Subject matter covered includes municipal
wastewater treatment including bioengineering appli-
cations and anaerobic treatment: sludge treatment
and disposal including combustion, oxidation, com-
posting, and toxics removal; odor control; small flow
sewerage system; sludge conversion to oil, etc.
Volume I, Part A, contains the Japanese Papers.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Sewage treatment,
"Japan, 'Meetings, Municipalities, Combustion,
Sludge digestion, Odor control, Aerators, Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, Manuals, Design criteria, Removal,
Lakes, Diffusers, Nitrification, Operations, Biochemical
oxygen demand, Activated sludge treatment, "Foreign
technology, Sewage treatment plants, Energy conser-
vation.
PB87-110631/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Proceedings: United States/Japan Conference on
Sewage Treatment Technology (10th), and North
Atlantic Treaty Organization/Committee on the
Challenges of Modern Society (NATO/CCMS)
Conference on Sewage Treatment Technology.
Volume 1. Part B. United States Papers.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Jul 86, 281 p EPA/600/9-86/015B
See also PB87-110623, and PB87-110649. Confer-
ences held at Cincinnati, Ohio, October 1985.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB87-
110615.
The proceedings of the conferences comprise a useful
body of knowledge on advances in sewage and
wastewater treatment and sludge management tech-
nology. Subject matter covered includes municipal
wastewater treatment including bioengineering appli-
cations and anaerobic treatment; sludjje treatment
and disposal including combustion, oxidation, com-
posting, and toxics removal; odor control; small flow
sewerage system; sludge conversion to oil, etc.
Volume I, Part B, contains the American Papers.
Keywords: "Sludge disposal, 'Sewage treatment,
'United States, 'Meetings, Microbiology, Genes, Es-
cherichia coli, Mutations, Benzoates, Degradation, En-
zymes, Biodeterioration, Sludge drying, Fluid filters,
Aeration. Tables(Data). Municipalities,
Graphs(Charts), Clones, Bioaugmentation, Compost-
ing.
PB87-110649/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Proceedings: United States/Japan Conference on
Sewage Treatment Technology (10th), and North
Atlantic Treaty Organization/Committee on the
Challenges of Modern Society (NATO/CCMS)
Conference on Sewage Treatment Technology.
Volume 2. North Atlantic Treaty Organization/
Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society
Papers.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Jul 86,323p EPA/600/9-86/015C
See also PB87-110631. Conferences held at Cincin-
nati, Ohio, October 1985.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB87-
110615.
The proceedings of the conferences comprise a useful
body of knowledge on advances in sewage and
wastewater treatment and sludge management tech-
nology. Subject matter covered includes municipal
wastewater treatment including bioengineering appli-
cations and anaerobic treatment; sludge treatment
and disposal including combustion, oxidation, com-
posting, and toxics removal; odor control; small flow
sewerage system; sludge conversion to oil, etc.
Volume II contains the NATO Papers.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Sewage treatment,
'Municipalities, Sludge digestion, Canada, Dewater-
ing, Italy, Netherlands, Toxicity, Management, Norway,
Japan, Combustion, Design, Operations, Sludge
drying, Metals, Removal, Standards, Aerobic process-
es, Nitrification, 'Foreign technology, North Atlantic
Treaty Organization, Land application.
PB87-110658/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Mobile Treatment Technologies tor Superfund
Wastes.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Sep 86. 218p EPA/540/2-86/003(F)
Contract EPA-68-01-7053
Prepared In cooperation with Camp, Dresser and
McKee, Inc., Boston, MA. Sponsored by Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response.
The document addresses the use of established and
developing mobile systems to treat Superfund wastes.
The capabilities and limitations of five broad treatment
categories, and specific technologies under each cate-
gory, are discussed in the following chapters: Chapter
1 - Introduction; Chapter 2 - Thermal treatment; Chap-
ter 3 - Immobilization; Chapter 4 - Chemical treatment;
Chapter 5 - Physical treatment; Chapter 6 - Biological
treatment.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, Hazardous materials, In-
cinerators, Kilns, Sites, Waste treatment, Land dispos-
al, Solid waste disposal, Superfund program, Remedial
actions, Anaerobic digestion, Aerobic digestion, Immo-
bilization, Thermal treatment, Chemical treatment.
Physical treatment, Biological treatment.
PB87-110664/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Guidance Document for Cleanup of Surface Im-
poundment Sites.
Camp, Dresser and McKee, Inc., Boston, MA.
Jun 86,46p OSWER DIRECTIVE-9380.0-6
Contract EPA-68-01-6939
Prepared in cooperation with Woodward-Clyde Con-
sultants, San Francisco, CA., and Weston (Roy F.),
Inc., West Chester, PA. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Emer-
gency and Remedial Response.
The guidance document addresses remedial actions
for the cleanup of surface impoundments (defined as a
pit, pond, and/or lagoon) containing hazardous
wastes. Guidance is provided for the scoping and per-
formance of a limited remedial investigation (limited
Rl) and limited feasibility study (limited FS). The guid-
ance manual is to be used as an aid to State and Fed-
eral staff and private firms for the implementation of a
remedial action for the cleanup of hazardous wastes
contained in surface impoundments. The manual is in-
formative rather than prescriptive in nature. The basic
objectives are to provide a concise description of the
necessary steps to implement surface remedial ac-
tions for the cleanup of surface impoundments within
the provisions of the National Contingency Plan (NCP).
It must be emphasized that this guidance is not to be
used as an absolute reference. Its use should be sup-
plemented with other EPA guidance documents and
technical reports/references as appropriate.
Keywords: 'Guidelines, 'Hazardous materials,
'Lagoon(Ponds), Sites, Waste disposals, State gov-
ernment, National government, Feasibility, Cleaning,
'Remedial actions, National Contingency Plan, Envi-
ronment management.
PB87-110672/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Guidance Document for Cleanup of Surface Tank
and Drum Sites.
Camp, Dresser and McKee, Inc., Boston, MA.
28 May 85,145p OSWER DIRECTIVE-9380.0-3
Contract EPA-68-01-6939
Prepared in cooperation with Woodward-Clyde Con-
sultants, San Francisco, CA., Weston (Roy F.), Inc.,
West Chester, PA., and Johnson (C.C.) and Associ-
ates, Inc., Montville, NJ. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Emer-
gency and Remedial Response.
The guidance document addresses remedial actions
for the cleanup of surface tanks and drums containing
hazardous wastes, as well as grossly contaminated
soils associated with the tanks and drums. Guidance is
provided for a limited remedial investigation (limited
Rl), limited feasibility study (limited FS), and contract-
ing procedures. The primary purpose of the document
is to provide guidance on carrying out concurrent re-
medial planning activities and accelerating project im-
plementation for the cleanup of surface tanks and
drums containing hazardous waste. The document is
designed to be used in conjunction with EPA's guid-
ance documents on conducting remedial Investiga-
tions and feasibility studies (EPA 1985a,b) will provide
the user with a systematic approach to remedial action
for hazardous wastes stored in tanks and drums.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Guidelines, "Hazardous materials, 'Waste
disposal, Sites, Storage tanks, Drums(Containers),
Cleaning, 'Remedial actions, Environment manage-
ment, Comprehensive Environmental Response Com-
pensation and Liability Act, Protocols.
PB87-110680/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Treatment Technology Briefs: Alternatives to Haz-
ardous Waste Landfills.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Jul 86, 41 p EPA/600/8-86/017
The treatment technology processes included in the
summary relate to technology which is available and
applicable to hazardous waste disposal now. That is,
further research is not required for application in the
field. What remains is to apply the technology and
derive the necessary design parameters and the costs
for large-scale application. These derivations require,
as a minimum, pilot-scale and more appropriately full-
scale application at waste disposal sites and generator
locations. The purpose of making these briefs avail-
able is to remind the reader that processes and tech-
niques are available and to encourage a search for ad-
ditional information. Information in the briefs is not suf-
ficient to permit direct evaluation of a process or tech-
nology. For evaluations involving specific sites or
waste streams, the reader should consult sources that
provide operational, effectiveness, and cost data.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Hazardous materials,
'Earth fills, 'Waste disposal, Land fills.
PB87-110813/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Technical Resource Document: Treatment Tech-
nologies for Dioxln-Containing Wastes,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA T echnoiogy Div.
M. Arienti, L. Wilk, M. Jasinski, and N. Prominski. Oct
86, 255p EPA/600/2-86/096
Contract EPA-68-03-3243
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The report provides information that can be used by
environmental regulatory agencies and others as a
source of technical information describing waste man-
agement options for wastes containing oioxins. Infor-
mation is included on processes that have been evalu-
ated with actual dioxin waste streams, and processes
that have been tested using similar waste streams. In
addition to process specific data, extensive informa-
tion is included on the characterization of dioxin
wastes in general.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
Herbicides, Chlorine organic compounds, Oxygen he-
terocyclic compounds, Regulations, Oioxins,
'Waste management, Polychlorinated dibenzofurans.
PB87-110870/HSU	PCAtO/MFAOl
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Impacts of CERCLA (Comprehensive Environmen-
tal Response, Compensation and Liability Act) Re-
lease Notification Requirements on Transporta-
tion of Products Containing Hazardous Sub-
stances. Final rept. Sep 82-Sep 83,
Transportation Systems Center, Cambridge, MA.
J. K. Pollard. Aug 86,211p DOT-TSC-RSPA-85-2
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response.
In order to determine the regulatory burden imposed
by CERCLA release-notification requirements on ship-
pers and carriers handling products containing hazard-
ous substances, eight shippers and seven carriers
were interviewed in depth during the summer of 1983.
The interviews were structured to elicit information re-
garding the volume and types of shipments of hazard-
ous materials and hazardous substances, staffing re-
quired, training costs and procedures, paperwork bur-
dens, and insurance costs. There was a general con-
sensus that CERCLA would have very little impact on
product shipment costs because: (1) nearly all high-
volume, CERCLA-listed substances were already sub-
ject to federal Hazardous Material Regulations; (2)
those products not previously listed were of little im-
portance in commerce; and (3) nearly all firms handling
these substances already had on board appropriate
staff to deal with the new regulations.
Keywords: Regulations, Common carriers, Personnel,
Policies, Accidents, Insurance, "Hazardous materials
transportation, CERCLA, Comprehensive Environmen-
tal Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980,
Training.
PB87-110896/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Incinerator and Klin Capacity for Hazardous
Waste Treatment,
MITRE Corp., McLean, VA.
G. A. Vogel, A. S. Goldfarb, R. E. Zier, and A. Jewell.
Oct 86,64p EPA/600/2-86/093
Contract EPA-68-03-3159
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Estimates of incinerator and cement kiln capacities for
hazardous waste treatment are required to evaluate
the impacts of banning land disposal of hazardous
wastes. RCRA Part B permit applications were re-
viewed to obtain information about incinerator design
capacity, utilization and the incinerated hazardous
wastes. MITRE identified 221 incinerators within the
RCRA regulatory program that are presently destroy-
ing approximately two million metric tons of hazardous
waste annually. The unused potential capacity of these
units is estimated to be one million metric tons of
waste per year. The Congressional Budget Office esti-
mates that 265.3 million metric tons of hazardous
waste are generated annually. MITRE estimates that
the annual hazardous waste treatment capacity avail-
able in cement kilns ranges between two and six mil-
lion metric tons. Less than five percent of the potential
hazardous waste treatment capacity in cement kilns
has been permitted under RCRA.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
'Incinerators, Cost estimates, Performance, "Cement
kilns.
PB87-110904/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Assessment of the Carcinogenicity of Dlcofol
(Kelthane (Trade Name)), DDT, DDE, and DDD
(TDE),
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
J. W. Holder. Feb 86,85p EPA/600/6-86/001
The carcinogenic activity of the pesticides dicofol and
associated pesticide compounds DDT, DDE, and DDD
are reviewed. All of these compounds exhibit carcino-
genic activity in surrogate test animals. DDT is judged
on the bases of these biotests, positive mutagenicity in
vivo, two-stage chemical carcinogenesis tests, and the
lack of relevant epidemiological tests to be probably
carcinogenic to man. Dicofol, DDT, DDE, DDD animal
test data, when analyzed by the linearized multistage
model for low-dose extrapolation, show similar cancer
potencies: q*1 = 0.44, 0.34, 0.34, 0.25, respectively,/
(mg/kg/day). Such similiarity in cancer potency values
suggests that either a common carcinogenic metabo-
lite is generated from these compounds, or each com-
pound has intrinsic carcinogenic activity and need not
be metabolized to any other compound in order to
cause cancer.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, Hazardous materials. Assess-
ments, Carcinogens, Malignant neoplasms, Epidemiol-
ogy, Pesticides, Persistence, Neoplasms,
Concentration(Composition), Chlorine organic com-
pounds, 'Toxic substances, "Environmental health,
'Carcinogenesis, "DDT, 'DDE insecticide, 'DDD in-
secticide, 'Dicofol.
PB87-110OT1/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Assessment of Assay Methods for Evaluating As-
bestos Abatement Technology at the Corvallls
Environmental Research Laboratory,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
M. Karaffa, R. Amick, A. Crone, and C. Zimmer. Oct 86,
78p EPA/600/2-86/070
Contract EPA-68-03-3197
See also PB86-194446. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering
Research Lab.
Air sampling was conducted at an EPA office building
which had undergone an asbestos abatement pro-
gram. The aggressive sampling technique revealed
that air-entrainable asbestos remained in work areas
after completion of abatement actions. The ratio of ag-
gressive to nonagressive PCM fiber concentrations
was 7.0, whereas this ratio was 3.7 for TEM analyses.
Study results also confirm that under similar sampling
conditions, TEM analysis detects more fibers than
PCM because of TEM's better resolving capability. The
ratio of TEM/PCM concentrations for nonagressive
sampling was 3.0 for ambient samples and 3.3 for
indoor samples; the ratio for agressive sampling was
about 2. Because the PCM method does not discrimi-
nate between asbestos and other fibers and cannot re-
solve fibers thinner than about 0.2 micrometer, PCM
results may not accurately reflect the true hazard po-
tential.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, "Air pollution control. Inspec-
tion, Hazardous materials, Electron microscopy,
'Indoor air pollution. Toxic substances, Air sampling.
PB87-110995/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
WASP3 (Water Quality Analysis Program), a Hy-
drodynamic and Water Quality Model - Model
Theory, User's Manual, and Programmer's Guide.
Final rept., Oct 84-Jun 86,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
R. B. Ambrose, S. B. Vandergrift, and T. A. Wool. Sep
86,397p EPA/600/3-86/034
Prepared in cooperation with Computer Sciences
Corp., Athens, GA.
The Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program-3
(WASP3) is a dynamic compartment modeling system
that can be used to analyze a variety of water quality
problems in a diverse set of water bodies. WASP3 sim-
ulates the transport and transformation of convention-
al and toxic pollutants in the water column and
benthos of ponds, lakes, streams, rivers, reservoirs,
estuaries, and coastal waters. The WASP3 modeling
system covers four major subjects: hydrodynamics,
conservative mass transport, eutrophication-dissolved
oxygen kinetics, and toxic chemical-sediment dynam-
ics. The manual contains three main parts: Model
Theory, User's Manual, and Programmer's Guide.
Keywords: 'Hydrodynamics, 'Water pollution, Mathe-
matical models, Advection, Dispersing, Toxicity, Mass
flow, Programming manuals, Chemical reactions, Estu-
aries, Streams, Phytoplankton, Reaction kinetics, Bio-
chemical oxygen demand, Tables(Data), Organic load-
ing, Eutrophication, "Path of pollutants.
PB87-111100/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Phosphorus: A Summary of Information Regard-
ing Lake Water Quality. Final rept.,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
G. D. Garman, G. B. Good, and L. M. Hinsman. Aug 86,
78p IEPA/WPC/86-010
In the process of bringing municipalities into compli-
ance with the present phosphorus regulations, ques-
tions have arisen regarding the efficacy of point source
phosphorus reduction in view of the large contribution
from nonpoint sources. The document represents a
review of scientific literature and information from Illi-
nois watersheds for the purpose of clarifying the influ-
ence of phosphorus on lake water quality and relative
contribution of point and nonpoint sources.
Keywords: Phosphorus, "Lakes, 'Water pollution,
'Reviews, Nutrients, Sewage treatment, Watersheds,
Runoff, Agricultural wastes, Septic tanks, Wildlife, In-
dustrial wastes, Illinois, 'Point sources, 'Nonpoint
sources, Eutropllcation.
PB87-111134/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab
Demonstration, Operation, and Testing of a Fabric
Filter on an Industrial Boiler for an Extended
Period of Time. Final rept. Mar 81-Nov 82,
ETS, Inc., Roanoke, VA.
G. P. Greiner, J. K. Smith, J. M. Ross, and J. D.
McKenna. Sep 86, 51 p EPA/600/7-86/030
Contract EPA-68-02-3674
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The report gives results of an evaluation of gas-to-
cloth (G/C) ratios and a variety of fabrics in baghouses
controlling particulate emissions from coal-fired indus-
trial boilers. Procedures for increasing the G/C ratio
were evaluated in a pulse-jet baghouse. A second
baghouse of the same size, but with reverse-flush
cleaning, was used to study several types of woven
and felted fabrics. Typical of textile plant boiler oper-
ations, the baghouses were subjected to fluctuating
load requirements and frequent dewpoint excursions.
Under these conditions, it was found that off-line high
energy pulse-jet cleaning was necessary for long term
pressure drop stability at G/C ratios above 5. Cleaning
energy was found to have a major effect on pressure
drop performance, but cleaning frequency registered
an insignificant effect within the 6 to 20 minute range
studied. Among fabrics, a new combination felted
fabric, composed of Teflon and glass, showed excel-
lent performance and stability under a long bag life.
Keywords: 'Boilers, 'Steam generation plants, *Flue
gases, Textile finishing, Aerosols, *Air pollution con-
trol, 'Fabric filters, Stokers, Particulates, Baghouses.
PB87-111142/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Hydroxyl Radical Rate Constant Intercomparison
Study. Final rept.,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
E. O. Edney, and E. W. Corse. Oct 86,34p EPA/600/
3-86/056
Contract EPA-68-02-4033
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
An intercomparison study was conducted to evaluate
the OH rate constant measurement protocol devel-
oped by researchers at the University of California at
Riverside. Researchers used the protocol to measure
the room temperature OH rate constants for ethane,
benzene, chlorobenzene, and sec-butanol. The room
temperature OH rate constants determined by NSI-ES
and UNC were in good agreement and also, with the
exception of the previously unreported rate constant
for sec-butanol, agreed with the literature values.
Agreement was found using both methods of analysis.
The rate constants for ethane, benzene, and chloro-
benzene obtained by RTI using the time-excluded
method also agreed with the literature values; howev-
er, when the same data were analyzed using the time-
included method, no such agreement was found. It
was not possible to identify the source of the discrep-
ancy.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Chemical radicals, Ethane,
Benzene, Butanols, Reaction kinetics, Atmospheric
chemistry, Tables(Data), "Rate constants, "Hydroxyl
radicals, Intercomparison, Benzene/chloro, Protocols.
PB87-111167/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of the HSA (High Surface Area) Reac-
tor for Metal Recovery and Cyanide Oxidation In
Metal Plating Operations. Final rept.
Centec Corp., Reston, VA.
Oct 86,46p EPA/600/2-86/094
Contract EPA-68-03-1721
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. water Engineering Research Lab.
The electrochemical removal of heavy metals and cya-
nide from the wastewaters from electroplating shops is
one alternative available to plating shops in achieving
compliance with effluent regulations. The report is the
result of a brief survey of the effectiveness of several
of these installations. Six installations of HSA electro-
chemical recovery system were tested to establish the
performance that may be expected from the technolo-
gy. Results showed a wide variation of performance,
ranging from nearly ineffective to a metal removal and
cyanide destruction capability sufficient to achieve
compliance with effluent regulations. The tests indi-
cate that the technology is a viable solution to the pol-
lution control problem, when properly applied. Further
the system permits compliance with effluent regula-
tions while producing a recycleable product rather than
a waste subject to regulation under RCRA, Subtitls C.
Keywords: "Waste water, "Materials recovery, 'Elec-
trodeposition, 'Water pollution control, 'Cyanides,
Metals, Oxidation, Electroplating, Electrochemistry,
"Heavy metals, HSA reactors.
PB87-111332/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Hanford 67-Serles: Atmospheric Field Diffusion
Measurements, Micrometeorological and Tracer
Data Archive, Set 003 Documentation Report. In-
terim rept.,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs,, Richland, WA.
J. G. Droppo. Oct 86, 56p EPA/600/3-86/059
Contract EPA-68-02-4063
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
An archive for micrometerological and tracer disper-
sion data has been developed by Battelle, Pacific
Northwest Laboratories for the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. The archive is designed to make
the results of extensive field tests readily accessible to
EPA for model testing, development, and verification
efforts. The report provides documentation for one
volume of data sets, the Hanford 67-Series Atmos-
pheric Dispersion Experiments. The entries in the doc-
umentation report are as follows: data set fact summa-
ry, narrative description of experiment and data, spe-
cial information, references, description of archive
data files, contacts (names, addresses, and phone
numbers) and standard experiment summary table.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric diffusion, "Air pollution, At-
mospheric chemistry, Filters, Atmospheric models,
'Atmospheric dispersion, Particulate sampling.
PB87-111480/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 65: Dinocap.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Jun 78,10p EPA/540/FS-87/052
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Fun-
gicides, "Toxic substances, 'Dinocap, Path of pollut-
ants, Chemical information fact sheet, Use patterns,
Science findings.
PB87-111498/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 3.1: Ethoprop.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1 Feb 85,8p EPA/540/FS-87/058
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, In-
secticides, Agricultural products, 'Toxic substances,
'Ethoprop, Path of pollutants, Chemical information
fact sheet, Use patterns. Science findings, Phosphoro-
dithioate/(S-S-dipropyl)-ethyl, CAS 13194-84-4.
PB87-111506/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 14.1: Fensulfothion.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
28 Feb 85,9p EPA/540/FS-87/062
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, In-
sectides, Agricultural products, 'Toxic substances,
'Fensulfothion, Path of pollutants, Chemical informa-
tion fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, Phos-
phorthioate/((methylsulfinyl)phenyl)-diethyl, CAS 115-
90-2.
PB87-111514/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 88: Fluometuron.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1 Apr 86,10p EPA/540/FS-87/064
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, Herbicides, "Toxic substances,
"Fluometuron, Path of pollutants, Chemical informa-
tion fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, CAS
2164-17-2.
PB87-111522/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 77.1: Linalool.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
15 Apr 86,4p EPA/540/FS-87/074
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology,
'Toxic substances, "Linalool, Path of pollutants,
Chemical information fact sheet, Use patterns, Sci-
ence findings, CAS 78-70-6.
PB87-111530/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 34.1: Phorate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1 Feb 85, 7p EPA/540/FS-87/087
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, In-
secticides, Agricultural products, 'Toxic substances.
'Phorate, Path of pollutants, Chemical information fact
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, Phosphorodith-
ioate/diethyl-S-((ethylthio)-methyl), CAS 298-02-2.
PB87-111548/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 84: Thiophanate
Ethyl.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1 Feb 86,6p EPA/540/FS-87/100
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Fun-
gicides, Agricultural products, "Toxic substances,
•Thiophanate ethyl, Path of pollutants, Chemical infor-
mation fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, CAS
23564-06-9.
PB87-111555/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 92: Dimethyl (1,2-
phenylene)-bls	(iminocarbono	thloyl)
bis(carbamate).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 86, 13p EPA/540/FS-87/101
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Fun-
gicides, Agricultural products, "Toxic substances,
Thiophanate methyl, Path of pollutants, Chemical in-
formation fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings,
Carbamic acid/(bis(iminocarbonothioyl-ester)-(phenyl-
ene)-dimethyl)bix, CAS 23564-05-8.
PB87-111563/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 29: Thiram.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1 Jun 84, 7p EPA/540/FS-87/102
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Fun-
gicides, Agricultural products, "Toxic substances,
"Thiram, Path of pollutants, Chemical information fact
sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, Disulfide/
bis(dimethylthiocarbamyl), CAS 137-26-8.
PB87-111571/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 76: Trimethacarb.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Sep 85, 6p EPA/540/FS-87/104
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
680 Vol. 90, No. 24
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document. (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, In-
secticides, Agricultural products, "Toxic substances,
"Trimethacarb, Path of pollutants, Chemical informa-
tion fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, Car-
bamic acid/(methyl-ester)-trimethylphenyl, CAS 3971-
89-9, CAS 2686-99-9.
PB87-111720/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Precision and Accuracy Assessments for State
and Local Air Monitoring Networks, 1984,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Div.
R. C. Rhodes, and E. G. Evans. Aug 86,188p EPA/
600/4-86^031
See also PB86-1713S6.
Precision and accuracy data obtained from state and
local agencies during 1984 are summarized and com-
pared to data reported earlier for the period 1981-
1983. A continual improvement in the completeness of
the data is evident. Improvement is also evident in the
size of the precision and accuracy results reported.
Annual results from each reporting organization are
also given so that these organizations can compare
their results for 1984 with their earlier results and with
other organizations. A set of upper and lower limits for
precision and accuracy is also proposed - above
these limits corrective action should be taken. A com-
parison of the precision and accuracy data from the
Precision and Accuracy Reporting System and that
from the independent performance audit program con-
ducted by the Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab-
oratory is given.
Keywords: "Air pollution. State government, Local
government, Precision, Accuracy, Quality assurance,
Data processing, Concentration(Composition),
Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), "Environmental moni-
toring, Air sampling.
PB87-111738/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Waste/Soil Treatability Studies for Four Complex
Industrial Wastes: Methodologies and Results.
Volume 1. Literature Assessment, Waste/Soli
Characterization, Loading Rate Selection. Final
rept.,
Utah Water Research Lab., Logan.
R. C. Sims, J. L. Sims, D. L. Sorensen, L. L. Hastings,
and W. J. Doucette. Oct 86,170p EPA/600/6-86/
003A
Grant EPA-R-810979
See also PB87-111746. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr
Environmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
The two-volume report presents information pertaining
to quantitative evaluation of the soil treatment poten-
tial resulting from waste-soil interaction studies for four
specific wastes listed under Section 3001 of the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA).
Volume 1 contains information from literature assess-
ment, waste-soil characterization, and treatability
screening studies for each selected waste. The scope
of the study involved assessment of the potential for
treatment of these hazardous wastes using soil as the
treatment medium.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Industrial waste
treatment, Feasibility, Soil properties, Interactions, Pe-
troleum industry, Sludge, Emulsion muds, Wood pre-
servatives, Creosote, Chlorine organic compounds,
Chlorohydrocarbons, Chemical analysis, Bioassay,
Evaluation, Reviews, Assessments, Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act, Organic loading, Soil treat-
ability, Phenol/pentachloro, Dioxins.
PB87-111746/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Waste/Soil Treatability Studies for Four Complex
Industrial Wastes: Methodologies and Results.
Volume 2. Waste Loading Impacts on Soil DegnK
datlon, Transformation, and Immobilization. Final
rept.,
Utah Water Research Lab., Logan.
R. C. Sims, D. L. Sorensen, W. J. Doucette, L. L.
Hastings, and J. L, Sims. Oct 86, 255p EPA/600/6-86/
003B
Grant EPA-R-810979
See also PB87-111738. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr
Environmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
The two-volume report presents information pertaining
to quantitative evaluation of the soil treatment poten-
tial resulting from waste-soil interaction studies for four
specific wastes listed under Section 3001 of the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act. Volume 2
contains results from bench-scale waste-soil interac-
tion studies: degradation, transformation, and immobi-
lization data are presented for four specific wastes:
API separator sludge, slop oil emulsion solids, pen-
tachlorophenol wood preserving waste, and creosote
wood preserving waste. The scope of the study in-
volved assessment of the potential for treatment of
these hazardous wastes using soil as the treatment
medium.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Industrial waste
treatment, Soils, Interactions, Tests, Sludge, Emulsion
muds, Wood preservatives, Creosote, Phenols, Chlor-
ohydrocarbons, Degradation, Chemical reactions, As-
sessments, Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act, Organic loading, "Soil treatability.
PB87-111779/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstration of Pesticide
Products Containing Azinphos Methyl as the
Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 86,167p EPA/540/RS-87/105
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, Ecology,
Manufacturing, Toxicology, "Reregistration, 'Toxic
substances, "Azinphos methyl, Federal Insecticide
Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, CAS 86-50-0.
PB87-111787/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstration of Pesticide
Products Containing 1,3-Dlchloropropene as the
Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 86, 118p EPA/540/RS-87/106
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, Ecology
Manufacturing, Toxicology, "Reregistration, "Toxic
substances, "Propene/dichloro, Federal Insecticide
Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, CAS 542-75-6.
PB87-11179S/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 73: Lindane.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Pesticide Programs.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, Insecticides, 'Toxic substances,
"Lindane, Path of pollutants, Chemical information fact
sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, Cyclohexane/
hexachloro, CAS 58-89-9.
PB87-111803/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 39: TPTH.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Sep 84,11p EPA/540/FS-87/097
This document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Fun-
gicides, Agricultural products, 'Toxic substances, *Tri-
phenyltin hydroxide, Path of pollutants, Chemical infor-
mation fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, CAS
76-87-9.
PB87-111811/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 18: Thiodlcarb.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
27 Feb 86,12p EPA/540/FS-87/099
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, Insecticides, 'Toxic substances,
"Thiodicarb, Path of pollutants, Chemical information
fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, Ethanimi-
dothioate/carbonyloxy-dimethyl-N-N-
thiobis(methylimino), CAS 900.
PB87-111852/HSU	PCA18/MFA01
Water Resources Data for Virginia, Water Year
1985. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 84-30 Sep 85,
Geological Survey, Richmond, VA. Water Resources
Div.
B J. Prugh, F. J. Easton, and D. D. Lynch. 25 Aug 86,
413p USGS/WRD/HD-86/255, USGS/WDR/VA-85/
1
See also PB85-242105.
Water resources data for the 1985 water year for Vir-
ginia consist of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality
of lakes and reservoirs: and water levels and water
quality of ground-water wells. The volume contains
records for water discharge at 190 gaging stations,
stage only at 1 gaging station, stage and contents at
10 lakes and reservoirs, water quality at 41 gaging sta-
tions and 1 well, and water levels at 58 observation
wells. Also included are data for 78 crest-stage partial-
record stations.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, "Virginia,
Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Streams,
Reservoirs, Water table, "Water quality data, "Hydro-
logic data, Water levels, Discharge(Water).
PB87-111894/HSU	PC A24/MF A01
Water Resources Data for North Carolina, Water
Year 1985. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 84-30
Sep 85,
Geological Survey, Raleigh, NC. Water Resources Div.
C. L. Hill, J. F. Rinehardt, and T. E. Dillard. 16 Apr 86,
569p USGS/WRD/HD-86/223, USGS/WDR/NC-85/
1
See also PB83-243881. Prepared in cooperation with
North Carolina Dept. of Natural Resources and Com-
munity Development, Raleigh.
Water resources data for the 1985 water year for North
Carolina consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams: stage and contents of lakes
and reservoirs; and ground-water levels. The report
contains discharge records for 154 gaging stations
and stage and contents for 25 lakes and reservoirs;
water quality for 137 gaging stations and 12 miscella-
neous sites; and water levels for 68 observation wells.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Surface waters, "North
Carolina, Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes,
Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, 'Water quality data,
'Hydrologic data, Water levels, Discharge(Water).
PB87-111928/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 62: Clipper (Paclobu-
trazol).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
14 Aug 85, 7p EPA/540/FS-87/039
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document. (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a speicfic
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology,
Growth regulators, Agricultural products, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Paclobutrazol, Path of pollutants, Chemical
information fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings,
Clipper 50 WP, CAS 76738-62-0.
PB87-111936/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 18: Dicofo).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Dec 83,7p EPA/540/FS-87/050
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is Issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, 'Toxic substances, 'Dicofol, Path of
pollutants, Chemical information fact sheet, Use pat-
terns, Science findings, Acaricides, CAS 115-32-2.
PB87-111944/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 8: Dicamba.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
17 Oct 83,8p EPA/540/FS-87/049
The document contains up-to-date chemical Informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occured. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard. (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, Herbicides, 'Toxic substances, "Di-
camba, Path of pollutants, Chemical information fact
sheet, Use patterns, Science findings. Anisic acid/
dichloro, CAS 1918-00-9.
PB87-111969/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 56: Cyhexatln.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Jun 85,8p EPA/540/FS-87/044
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, Toxic substances, "Cyhexatin, Path
of pollutants, Chemical information fact sheet, Use
patterns, Science findings, Cyclohexylhydroxystanne/
tri, CAS 13121-70-5.
PB87-111985/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 81: Fluridone.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
31 Mar 86, 7p EPA/540/FS-87/065
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Her-
bicides, 'Toxic substances, "Fluridone, Path of pollut-
ants, Chemical information fact sheet, Use patterns,
Science findings, Pyridinone/methyl-phenyl-(trifluoro-
methyl phenyl).
PB87-111993/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 57: Chlorpyrifos-
methyi.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Jun 85,6p EPA/540/FS-87/038
\
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, In-
secticides, Agricultural products, 'Toxic substances,
'Chlorpyrifos methyl, Path of pollutants, Chemical in-
formation fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings,
Phosphorothtoate/dimethyl-(trichloro-pyridyl), CAS
510.0.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-112009/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 45: Demeton.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
27 Feb 85, 6p EPA/540/FS-87/048
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, In-
secticides, Agricultural products, "Toxic substances,
"Demeton, Path of pollutants, Chemical information
fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, Phosphor-
othioate/ethyl, CAS 8065-48-3, Acaricide.
PB87-112017/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 33: Dantochior.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
12 Sep 84, 5p EPA/540/FS-87/047
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology,
"Toxic substances, "Dantochior, Path of pollutants,
Chemical information fact sheet, Use patterns, Sci-
ence findings, Hydantoin/ethyl-dichloro-mehyl.
PB87-112025/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 26: Daminozide
(Alar).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Jun 84,6p EPA/540/FS-87/046
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology,
Growth regulators, "Toxic substances, Daminozide,
Path of pollutants, Chemical information fact sheet,
Use patterns, Science findings, Butanedioic acid/
mono(dimethylhydrazine), CAS 1596-84-5.
PB87-112033/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 13: DCNA.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
9 Jan 84, 6p EPA/540/FS-87/045
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
682 Vol. 90, NO. 24
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties. Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Fun-
gicides, Agricultural products, "Toxic substances, "An-
iline/dichloro-nitro, Path of pollutants, Chemical infor-
mation fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, Di-
cloran, CAS 99-30-9.
PB87-112058/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Limestone Bed Contactors for Control of Corro-
sion at Small Water Utilities. Final rept. Aug 82-Jul
85,
Syracuse Univ., NY.
R. D. Letterman, C. T. Driscoll, M. Haddad, and H. A.
Hsu. Oct 86, 223p EPA/600/2-86/099
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Corrosion control by use of limestone contactors was
evaluated both in the laboratory and at a field installa-
tion. As water is transported through a packed bed of
limestone, calcium carbonate dissolves and the pH,
calcium ion concentration, and alkalinity increase. A
mathematical model was derived for use in contactor
design. The model is based on interfacial transport of
calcium ion and relates the depth of limestone required
in the contactor to the desired effluent water chemis-
try, influent water chemistry, limestone particle size
and shape, limestone bed porosity, water temperature,
and superficial velocity. The model was calibrated and
tested using laboratory column experiments. In a con-
tactor monitored for 2.5 years at a field installation, the
water quality following treatment was essentially con-
stant.
Keywords: "Limestone, *Beds(Process engineering),
"Contactors, "Water distribution, Metals, Corrosion
prevention, Calcium carbonates, pH, Alkalinity, Mathe-
matical	models,	Particle	size,
Concentration(Composition), Water pipelines, Distribu-
tion systems, Tests, Copper, Lead(Metal), "Water utili-
ties.
PB87-112256/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 23: Slmazlne Stand-
ard.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Mar 84,7p* EPA/540/FS-87/093
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, Herbicides, "Toxic substances,
"Princep, Path of pollutants, Chemical information fact
sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, Triazine/chloro-
bis(ethylamino), CAS 122-34-9.
PB87-112264/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 11: Formatanate Hy-
drochloride.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Sep 83,6p* EPA/540/FS-87/068
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, "Toxic substances, "Formetanate,
Path of pollutants, Chemical information fact sheet
Use patterns, Science findings, CAS 23422-53-9.
PB87-112272/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 47: Glycoserve.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Pesticide Programs.
8 Mar 85, 7p EPA/540/FS-87/069
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology
"Toxic substances, "Glycoserve, Path of pollutants,'
Chemical information fact sheet, Use patterns Sci-
ence findings, Hydantoins/bis(hydroxymethyl)-dimeth-
yl, CAS 273AB.
PB87-112280/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 27: Hellothis NPV.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Jun 84,6p EPA/540/FS-87/070
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, Insecticide, "Toxic substances, *He-
liothis zea NPV, Path of pollutants, Chemical informa-
tion fact sheet, Use patterns. Science findings, CAS
PB87-112306/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Systems to Accelerate In situ Stabilization of
Waste Deposits,
Envirosphere Co., New York.
M. Amdurer, R. T. Fellman, J. Roetzer, and C. Russ.
Sep 86, 305p EPA/540/2-86/002
Contract EPA-68-03-3113
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
In-situ systems to accelerate the stabilization of waste
deposits involve three essential elements: selection of
a chemical or biological agent (reactant) which can
react with and stabilize the waste, a method for deliv-
ery of the reactant to the deposit and a method for re-
covery of the reaction products or mobilized waste.
Four reactant categories have been examined: biode-
gradation, surfactant-assistant flushing, hydrolysis
and oxidation. Of these, biodegradation and surfac-
tant-assisted flushing appear most promising as in-situ
treatment techniques. Methods of delivery of reactants
based upon gravity include surface flooding, ponding,
surface spraying, ditching, and subsurface infiltration
beds and galleries. Forced injection (pumping) may
also be used. Permeability is an important consider-
ation in selecting the delivery system. Recovery sys-
tems using gravity include open ditching and buried
drains, and pumped methods include wellpoint and
deep well systems. Basically, the same limitations that
apply to delivery systems are also true for recovery
systems.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Waste disposal
Waste treatment, Stabilization, Hydrolysis, Oxidation'
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
actions, *ln situ processes, Biodeqradation, Surfac-
tants.
PB87-112322/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Problems of Aquatic Toxicology, Biotesting and
Water Quality Management: Proceedings of USA-
USSR Symposium, Borok, Jarosiavi Oblast, July
30- August 1,1984,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
R. C. Ryans. Aug 86, 238p* EPA/600/9-86/024
Sixteen papers delivered by USA and USSR scientists
at a symposium are presented. The effect of low pH on
aquatic invertebrates and the use of fish behavior in
comparing toxic effects of chemicals are examined.
The production and excretion of ammonia by fish, the
relationship between carbon dioxide excretion and am-
monia toxicity, and the acute toxicity of iron cyanides
and thiocyanate to trout are discussed. Mechanisms of
organophosphorus pesticide resistance are analyzed.
Biological monitoring and testing of surface waters and
effluent is discussed and a complex effluents toxicity
information system is described. Processes in the for-
mation of water quality and trends in the development
of water' quality in the two countries are outlined. Pol-
lution problems from toxic organic contaminants from
point and nonpoint sources in the North American
Great Lakes are examined. Agricultural water quality
management, including the use of simulation models,
is discussed.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Toxicology, 'Aquatic animals,
'Water quality, 'Ammonia, Fishes, Trends, Iron inor-
ganic compounds, Toxicity, Exposure, 'Iron cyanides,
Thiocyanates, Pesticides, 'Toxic substances, 'Water
pollution effects(Animals), 'Stationary sources, Non-
point sources, Point sources, Environmental monitor-
ing, Environmental transport.
PB87-112330/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Sensitivity Analysis of RELMAP (REglonal Lagran-
gian Model of Air Pollution) Involving Fine and
Coarse Particulate Matter,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
B. K. Eder. Oct 86,9p EPA/600/D-86/248
The REgional Lagrangian Model of air pollution
(RELMAP) is a mass-conserving, regional scale, La-
grangian model that simulates ambient concentrations
as well as wet and dry deposition of S02, S04(2-), and
more recently fine (diameters <2.5 micrometers) and
coarse (2.5 < diameter < 10.0 micrometers) particu-
late matter over the eastern third of the United States
and southeastern Canada. The simulations of fine and
coarse particulate matter, which involve simple para-
meterizations, were recently incorporated into the
model in response to impending federal regulatory
standards for inhalable particulate matter and tne sub-
sequent need for size discriminate models. These new
parameterizations, which include the transformation of
S02 into S04(2-), and the wet and dry deposition of
fine and coarse particulate matter were allowed to vary
within + or- 50% of their respective nominal values in
order to determine the model's sensitivity to them.
Future research should concentrate on refining the
wet deposition parameterizations, as they not only
prove to be the most influential in the model's output,
but they are also currently the least understood.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Atmospheric models,
Concentration(Composition), Sulfur dioxide, Sulfates,
'Particulate sampling, Regional lagrangian model,
Particulates, RELMAP model.
PB87-112348/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Immune Status in Newborns and Their Vulnerabil-
ity.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC,
R. J. Smialowicz. Oct 86,12p EPA/600/D-86/237
Presented at Indo-U.S. Workshop on the Role of Pre-
disposing Conditions of Health, Nutrition, and Environ-
ment on Safety of Drugs and Chemicals; Lucknow,
India, Feb 25-28,1986.
The most profound toxic effects of many physical and
chiemical agents are observed when exposure occurs
during mammalian development. The development of
immunocompetence in mammals involves a precise
sequence of steps which begins during gestation and
is completed during postnatal life. Perturbation or ab-
rogation of the developmental sequence of events
may lead to life threatening dysfunctions as exempli-
fied by certain heritable defects in immune system de-
velopment. The authors have examined the effects
that prenatal and/or early postnatal exposure to a vari-
ety of known or suspected physical and chemical im-
munomodulators may have on immune function in
young adult rodents. Mice and/or rats were exposed in
utero and/or during early postnatal life to the following
agents: cyclophosphamide, nonionizing radiation, cy-
closporin A, urethan, di-n-octyltin dichloride or NiCI2.
At immunological maturity animals exposed to these
agents were assessed for immune system functional
integrity.
Keywords: "Immunity, 'Infants, Pregnancy, Toxic sub-
stances.
PB87-113023/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Pathways of Glucose Catabolism in the Smut
Fungus 'Ustilago violacea'. Journal article,
Illinois Univ. at Chicago Circle. Dept. of Biological Sci-
ences.
G. Held, and M. Goldman. C1986,8p EPA/600/J-86/
161
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Microbiology 32, p56-61 Jan
86. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The pathways of glucose catabolism were examined in
haploid and diploid strains of the smut fungus Ustilago
violacea. Radiorespirometric studies indicated that
both of the haploid mating types and diploid strains of
the basidiomycete catabolized glucose through the
Embden-Meyerhof and hexose monophosphate shunt
pathways. The Entner-Doudoroff pathway was not uti-
lized by any of the strains examined. Radiorespirome-
tric data also suggested functioning of an active tricar-
boxylic acid cycle. In vitro enzyme assays established
the presence in this organism of all the enzymes inte-
gral to the operative pathways plus the presence of the
enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle. Enzyme activities
specific to the Entner-Doudoroff pathway were not de-
tected. No major differences in the routes of glucose
dissimilation were found between the two haploid
mating types or between haploid and diploid forms of
this organism.
Keywords: 'Fungi, 'Catabolism, Glucose, Pathways,
Reprints, Ustilago violacea.
PB87-113049/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 85: Hybrex.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Apr 86, 9p EPA/540/FS-87/071
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is Issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides,, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, Hybridization, 'Toxic substances,
'Hybrex, Path of pollutants. Chemical information fact
sheet, Use patterns. Science findings, Carboxyiic
acid/((chlorophenyl)-dihydro-methyl-oxopyridazine)-
(potassium salt).
PB87-113239/HSU	PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Primary Air Vitiation for Nitric Oxide
Reduction in a Rotary Cement Kiln.
KVB, Inc., Irvine, CA.
Oct 86,793p-in 3v*
Set includes PB87-113247 through PB87-113262.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
No abstract available.
PB87-113247/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Primary Air Vitiation for Nitric Oxide
Reduction in a Rotary Cement Kiln. Volume 1.
Technical Report. Final rept. Jun 83-Sep 85,
KVB, Inc., Irvine, CA.
R. C. Benson, and S. C. Hunter. Oct 86,395p* EPA/
600/7-86/034A
Contract EPA-68-02-3690
See also PB87-113254. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB87-
113239.
The report gives results of tests to evaluate combus-
tion modifications for nitric oxide (NO) reduction and
cement product quality in a pilot-scale long-dry-proc-
ess cement kiln firing pulverized coal. The kiln is rated
at 11.35 kg/s (1080 tons/day) of cement with a ther-
mal input rate of 70.3 MW (240 million Btu/hr). Of the
combustion modifications evaluated in previous stud-
ies, vitiation of the primary air with inert gas (nitrogen)
was considered the best alternative for NO reduction
on a pilot-scale kiln. The percent reduction was estab-
lished from a reference baseline of 1050 ppm (correct-
ed to 3% 02) and a kiln exit oxygen of 1.82%. The NO
volumetric emissions were lowered to 880 ppm (cor-
rected to 3% 02) with a kiln exit oxygen of 0.7%. NOx
reductions during the short term nitrogen injection
tests were about 25-30% with no adverse effects on
product quality. Because of the interacting feed chem-
istry/kiln operations, it was not possible to clearly iso-
late the effect of nitrogen injection.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxide(NO), 'Air pollution control,
Combustion, Flue gases, Tables(Data),
Graphs(Charts),	Quality	assurance,
Concentration(Composition), Cement industry, Kilns,
•Combustion modifications, "Cement kilns, Emission
factors.
PB87-1132S4/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Primary Air Vitiation for Nitric Oxide
Reduction In a Rotary Cement Kiln. Volume 2.
Data Supplement A. Final rept. Jun 83-Sep 85,
KVB, Inc., Irvine, CA.
R. C. Benson, R. A. Frohoff, and N. R. Parker. Oct 86,
134p* EPA/600/7-86/034B
Contract EPA-68-02-3690
See also PB87-113247, and PB87-113262. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research
Lab.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB87-
113239.
The report gives results of tests to evaluate combus-
tion modifications for nitric oxide (NO) reduction and
cement product quality in a pilot-scale long-dry-proc-
ess cement kiln firing pulverized coal. The kiln is rated
at 11.35 kg/s (1080 tons/day) of cement with a ther-
mal input rate of 70.3 MW (240 million Btu/hr). Of the
combustion modifications evaluated in previous stud-
ies, vitiation of the primary air with inert gas (nitrogen)
was considered the best alternative for NO reduction
on a pilot-scale kiln. The percent reduction was estab-
lished from a reference baseline of 1050 ppm (correct-
ed to 3% 02) and a kiln exit oxygen of 1.82%. The NO
volumetric emissions were lowered to 880 ppm (cor-
rected to 3% 02) with a kiln exit oxygen of 0.7%. NOx
reductions during the short term nitrogen injection
tests were about 25-30% with no adverse effects on
product quality. Because of the interacting feed chem-
istry/kiln operations, it was not possible to clearly iso-
late the effect of nitrogen injection.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxide(NO), 'Air pollution control,
Combustion products, Cement industry, Tables(Data),
Calibration, 'Cement kilns, 'Primary air vitiation, Bagh-
ouses, Emission factors.
PB87-113262/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Primary Air Vitiation for Nitric Oxide
Reduction In a Rotary Cement Kiln. Volume 3.
Data Supplement B. Final rept. Jun 83-Sep 85,
KVB, Inc., Irvine, CA.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
R. C. Benson, R. A. Frohoff, and N. R. Parker. Oct 86,
264p* EPA/600/7-86/034C
Contract EPA-68-02-3690
See also PB87-113254. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB87-
113239.
The report gives results of tests to evaluate combus-
tion modifications for nitric oxide (NO) reduction and
cement product quality in a pilot-scale long-dry-proc-
ess cement kiln firing pulverized coal. The kiln is rated
at 11.35 kg/s (1080 tons/day) of cement with a ther-
mal input rate of 70.3 MW (240 million Btu/hr). Of the
combustion modifications evaluated in previous stud-
ies, vitiation of the primary air with inert gas (nitrogen)
was considered the best alternative for NO reduction
on a pilot-scale kiln. The percent reduction was estab-
lished from a reference baseline of 1050 ppm (correct-
ed to 3% 02) and a kiln exit oxygen of 1.82%. The NO
volumetric emissions were lowered to 880 ppm (cor-
rected to 3% 02) with a kiln exit oxygen of 0.7%. NOx
reductions during the short term nitrogen injection
tests were about 25-30% with no adverse effects on
product quality. Because of the interacting feed chem-
istry/kiln operations, it was not possible to clearly iso-
late the effect of nitrogen injection.
Keywords: "Nitrogen oxide (NO), * Air pollution control,
Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition), Carbon
monoxide, Sulfur dioxide, Flue gases, Cement indus-
try, Kilns, Monitors, "Cement kilns, Emission factors,
Air sampling.
PB87-113296/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 36: Chlorothalonil.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Sep 86, 8p EPA/540/FS-87/036
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Fun-
gicides, Agricultural products, "Toxic substances,
'Chlorothalonil, Path of pollutants, Chemical informa-
tion fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings,
Isophthalonitrile/tetrachloro, CAS 1897-45-6.
PB87-113429/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Off-Center Spherical Model for Dosimetry Calcu-
lations in Chick Brain Tissue. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
G. Gonzalez, J. C. Nearing, R. J. Spiegel, and W. T.
Joines. C1986,15p EPA/600/J-86/170
Pub in Bioelectromagnetics 7, p209-221 Apr 86. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Miami Univ., Coral Gables,
FL.
The paper presents calculations for the electric field
and absorbed power density distribution in chick brain
tissue inside a test tube, using an off-center spherical
model. It is shown that the off-center spherical model
overcomes many of the limitations of the concentric
spherical model, and permits a more realistic modeling
of the brain tissue as it sits in the bottom of the test
tube surrounded by buffer solution. The effect of the
unequal amount of buffer solution above the upper and
below the lower surfaces of the brain is analyzed. The
field distribution is obtained in terms of a rapidly con-
verging series of zonal harmonics. A method that per-
mits the expansion of spherical harmonics about an
off-center origin in terms of spherical harmonics at the
origin is developed to calculate in closed form the elec-
tric field distribution. Numerical results are presented
for the absorbed power density distribution at a carrier
frequency of 147 MHz. It is shown that the absorbed
power density increases toward the bottom of the
brain surface. Scaling relations are developed by
keeping the electric field intensity in the brain tissue
the same at two different frequencies. Scaling rela-
tions inside, as well as outside, the brain surface are
given.
Keywords: "Brain, "Dosimetry, "Electric fields. Chick-
ens, Reprints.
PB87-113494/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 52: Fluchlorailn.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Jun 85, 9p EPA/540/FS-87/063
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, Herbicides, "Toxic substances,
"Fluchloralin, Path of pollutants, Chemical information
fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, CAS
33245-39-5.
PB87-113742/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Work-
shop on N20 Emission from Combustion
(Durham, NC., February 13-14, 1986). Rept. for Dec
85-Aug 86,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Chapel
Hill, NC. Eastern Operations Office.
W. S. Lanier, and S. B. Robinson. Sep 86,124p EPA/
600/8-86/035
Contract EPA-68-02-4247
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report summarizes the dialogue and interaction
which took place during an EPA sponsored workshop
addressing nitrous oxide (N20) emissions from fossil
fuel combustion. Prior research had identified N20 as a
trace gas potentially contributing to depletion of strato-
spheric ozone as well as being a contributor to global
climate change through the greenhouse effect. Prior
studies also suggested that fossil fuel combustion was
a major anthropogenic source of N20 emissions. The
workshop was organized to assess the current under-
standing of combustion generated N20 emission and
to assist EPA in formulating combustion research ac-
tivities. The four technical sessions addressed: (1)
N20 measurement, (2) N20 formation/destruction
mechanisms during combustion, (3) emission source
prioritization, and (4) emission control approaches. It
appears that the most significant N20 emitters are util-
ity and industrial boilers firing coal and heavy fuel oil.
Keywords: "Nitrogen oxide(N20), 'Combustion, "Air
pollution control, Fossil fuels, "Meetings, Stationary
sources, Automobile exhaust, Diesel engine exhaust.
PB87-113783/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Preliminary Assessment of Air Emissions from
Aerated Waste Treatment Systems at Hazardous
Waste Treatment Storage and Disposal Facilities.
Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
C. C. Allen, D. A. Green, J. B. White, and J. B. Coburn.
Oct 86,150p EPA/600/2-86/098
Contracts EPA-68-02-3992, EPA-68-03-3149
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Methods for estimating emissions resulting from mass
transfer of volatile organic compounds from dilute
wastewaters into air are reviewed and applied to full-
scale and pilot-scale treatment systems.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Waste waters, Mass trans-
fer, Mathematical models, Hazardous materials,
Waste	treatment,	Assessments,
Concentration(Composition), "Volatile organic com-
pounds, "Air sampling.
PB87-113791/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Precision and Reliability of Laboratory Permeabil-
ity Measurements. Final rept. 6 Apr 84-20 May 85,
Cincinnati Univ., OH.
J. Bryant, and A. Bodocsi. Oct 86, 190p EPA/600/2-
86/097
Contract EPA-68-03-3210-03
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
A limited set of laboratory test data on clay liner per-
meabilities was gathered from six sources to create a
data bank suitable for a preliminary statistical analysis.
The collected data were also used to survey the most
commonly used permeameters and testing methods
for clay liner permeabilities. The report briefly de-
scribes the methods used to collect and organize the
data. The main body of the report discusses the find-
ings from the analysis of the data. Consideration is
given to the degree of variability found in replicated
permeability tests, the question of sample equilibration
with water and chemicals, and the effect of the magni-
tude of gradient on permeability. Permeability test re-
sults using flexible-wall and fixed-wall permeameters
are compared. Consideration is also given to the ef-
fects of parameters of sample preparation. In addition,
a discussion on statistical considerations in the design
and analysis of permeability experiments is presented.
Keywords: "Land pollution, Permeability, Precision,
Reliability, Clays, Lining, Statistical analysis, Hazard-
ous materials, Graphs(Charts).
PB87-113809/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Cleaning Illinois: Status of the State's Hazardous
Waste Cleanup Programs, Spring 1986,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-'
field. Div. of Land Pollution Control.
K. Luly. 1986, 44p IEPA/GCA-86/016
Since shortly after World War II, manmade chemicals
have become ever more pervasive elements In our so-
ciety. With their escalating use have come new prob-
lems and the recognition of increasing risks. One re-
sponse to the challenge posed by early efforts to dis-
pose of these substances and their byproducts was
enactment at the Federal level of the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability
Act (CERCLA), adopted in 1980, and its attendant $1.6
billion Hazardous Substance to clean up abandoned
hazardous waste sites as they are identified, even
when the responsible parties cannot be found or are
unable or unwilling to undertake the clean up. Illinois,
second only to New Jersey in generating hazardous
wastes, has acknowledged the scope of its problem by
supplementing the Superfund program with two initia-
tives of its own, Clean Illinois and Build Illinois, which
together have earmarked $110 million over a five year
span to fund cleanups.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, State government,
Illinois, "Cleanup programs, Hazardous wastes, Super-
fund program.
PB87-113882/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Vinyl Chloride Standards: Responses to Com-
ments on January 1985 Proposed Revisions.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Sep 86,84p EPA/450/3-86/004
The document summarizes and responds to com-
ments on the proposed revisions to the vinyl chloride
standard set under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act.
Keywords: 'Vinyl chloride, Standards, Revisions, Haz-
ardous materials, Air pollution, "Air quality.
PB87-113973/HSU	PC A05/MF A0t
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from
Sources of Ethylene Oxids.
Radian Corp., Durham, NC.
Sep 86,80p EPA/450/4-84-0071
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
To assist groups interested in inventorying air emis-
sions of various potentially toxic substances, EPA is
preparing a series of documents such as this to com-
pile available information on sources and emissions of
these substances. The document deals specifically
with Ethylene Oxide. Its intended audience includes
Federal, State and local air pollution personnel and
others interested in locating potential emitters of Ethyl-
ene Oxide and in making gross estimates of air emis-
sions therefrom. The document presents information
on (1) the types of sources that may emit Ethylene
Oxide, (2) process variations and release points that
may be expected within these sources, and (3) avail-
able emissions information indicating the potential for
Ethylene Oxide release into the air from each oper-
ation.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Ethylene oxide,
State government, Local government, Hazardous ma-
terials, Sources, Concentration(Composition), Toxic
substances, Emission factors, Air sampling, CAS 75-
21-8.
PB87-113981 /HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 15: Chlorobenzllate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Dec 83,6p EPA/540/FS-87/035
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties. Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, 'Toxic substances, 'Chlorobenzi-
late, Path of pollutants, Chemical information fact
sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, Dichlorobenzi-
late/ethyl, CAS 510-15-6, Miticides.
PB07-114013/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Management of a Construction Project: A Quids
for Grantees.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Apr 86, 38p
The guidance recommends the use of a project man-
ager, a management team concept and the develop-
ment of a management plan. It also suggests ways for
the project manager to handle project activities by an-
ticipating them in the management plan. The guidance
deals with preparing for the final audit of the project,
which is a test of how well the project has been man-
aged. The term construction project in the EPA con-
struction grants program extends from the planning of
a facility through design, building and start-up. The
guidance relates to the part of the process where the
facility is actually built and the majority of project dol-
lars are spent. The most effective construction project
management system will only succeed if adequate
planning and design have been done. The project will
only be worth constructing if there is adequate prepa-
ration for operating the new facility. The guidance has
been prepared for the municipal official responsible for
the project and much of it can also serve as a refer-
ence for the project manager. It is intended to present
highlights and leave the extensive detail on project
management to the many other available texts on the
subject.
Keywords: 'Facilities, 'Waste water, 'Waste treat-
ment, 'Construction management, Guidelines, Project
management. Management planning.
PB87-114088/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Guidance for the Registration of Wood Preserv-
ative Pesticide Products Containing Chromated
and Non-Chromated Arsenical* aa the Active In-
gredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
10 Sep 86, 148p* EPA/540/RS-87/108
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Wood preservatives, Stand-
ards, Guidelines, Genetics, Packaging, Labels, Haz-
ardous materials, Agricultural products, Public health.
Regulations, Ecology, Manufacturing, Toxicology, Ar-
senic, Chromium, 'Reregistration, "Toxic substances,
'Ammonium arsenate, 'Sodium arsenate, Federal In-
secticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, Path of pol-
lutants, CAS 53404-17-4, CAS 10048-95-0.
PB87-114146/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 93: Bacillus thurin-
lensls (B. T.).
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 86,14p EPA/540/FS-87/025
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, 'Toxic substances, 'Bacillus thurin-
giensis, Path of pollutants, Chemical information fact
sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, Bacterial insec-
ticide.
PB87-114153/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 89: Avermectin.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
6 May 86, 7p EPA/540/FS-87/024
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides. Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, In-
secticides, 'Toxic substances, 'Avermectin, Path of
pollutants, Chemical information fact sheet, Use pat-
terns, Science findings, CAS 65195-56-4, CAS 65195-
55-3.
PB87-114161/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 94: 2,4- Dlchloro-
henoxy.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jul 86.7p EPA/540/FS-87/013
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Her-
bicides, Chlorine organic compounds, Agricultural
products, "Toxic substances, "D 2-4 herbicide, Path of
pollutants, Chemical information fact sheet, Use pat-
terns, Science findings, Acetic acid/dichlorophenoxy,
CAS 94-75-7.
PB87-114179/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 1: Aliette.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Jun 83, 6p EPA/540/FS-87/017
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
'cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, Fungicides, "Toxic substances,
"Aliette, Path of pollutants, Chemical information fact
sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, Aluminum/tris
(ethyl phosphonate), CAS 39148-24-8.
PB87-114229/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Carbophenothlon as the
Active Ingredient
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
May 84,140p EPA/540/RS-87/010
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, Ecology,
Manufacturing, Toxicology, 'Reregistration, 'Toxic
substances, 'Carbophenothion, Federal Insecticide
Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, Phosphorodithioate/
((s-cnlorophenylthio)-methyl)-diethyl.
PB87-114245/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 55: Dlpropetryn.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Jun 85, 9p EPA/540/FS-87/053
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, Herbicides, 'Toxic substances. *Di-
propetryn, Path of pollutants, Chemical information
fact sheet. Use patterns, Science findings, Triazine/
(ethylthio)-bis(isopropylamino)-s, CAS 4147-51-7.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-114328/HSU	PC E99
Minimization of Hazardous Waste.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Oct 86,1738p-in 5v*
Set includes PB87-114336 through PB87-114377.
No abstract available.
PB87-114336/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Minimization of Hazardous Waste. Executive Sum-
mary and Fact Sheet. Report to Congress (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Oct 86, 167p* EPA/530/SW-86/033A
See also PB87-114344.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB87-
114328.
The report to Congress (RTC) on Waste Minimization
which was prepared in response to the requirements
of Section 8002(r) of the 1984 Hazardous and Solid
Waste Amendments (HSWA) to the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Under this section,
the Administrator of the EPA is required to submit a
RTC on the desirability and feasibility of: (1) Establish-
ing standards of performance or of taking other addi-
tional actions under RCRA to require generators of
hazardous waste to reduce the volume or quantity and
toxicity of the hazardous waste they generate; and (2)
Establishing, with respect to hazardous waste, re-
quired management practices or other requirements to
ensure such wastes are managed in ways that mini-
mize present and future risks to human health and the
environment.
Keywords: 'Optimization, Hazardous materials, Stand-
ards, Regulations, 'Hazardous wastes, 'Solid waste
management.
PB87-114344/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Minimization of Hazardous Waste. Appendices.
Report to Congress.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Oct 86, 221 p* EPA/530/SW-86/033B
See also PB87-114336, and PB87-114351.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB87-
114328.
The report contains a detailed analysis of the desirabil-
ity and feasibility of numerous options to minimize the
generation of hazardous waste in the U.S. The analy-
sis was conducted in response to the mandate given
by the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of
1984, Section 8002(r).
Keywords: 'Optimization, Hazardous materials, Feasi-
bility, 'Hazardous wastes, 'Solid waste management.
PB87-114351/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Waste Minimization Issues and Options. Volume
1. Report to Congress (Final).
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Oct 86,402p* EPA/530/SW-86/041
Contract EPA-68-01-7053
See also PB87-114344 and PB87-114369. Prepared in
cooperation with Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc.,
Pasadena, CA. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB87-
114328.
The report has three primary objectives: (1) to identify
waste minimization practices in the United States by
major industry processes and by major waste stream;
(2)	to identify factors that promote and inhibit the adop-
tion of waste minimization practices by industry; and
(3)	to identify strategies by which waste minimization
can be increased. The report also serves as a re-
source document on waste minimization for Federal
and State programs industries, and the general public.
It must be noted that this study approval has the objec-
tives stated above in an exploratory manner because
of the size, diversity, and complexity of the subject.
Keywords: Hazardous materials. Optimization, Waste
treatment, State government, Federal government,
'Hazardous wastes, 'Solid waste management.
686 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB87-114369/HSU	PC E99/MF E04
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Waste Minimization Issues and Options. Volume
2. Report to Congress.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Oct 86, 704p* EPA/530/SW-86/042
Contract EPA-68-01-7053
See also PB87-114351 and PB87-114377.Portions of
this document are not fully legible. Prepared in coop-
eration with Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc., Pasade-
na, CA. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB87-
114328.
The report is a supplement to Waste Minimization -
Issues and Options Volume I. It contains a description
of data bases used in the study and contains 22 ex-
ploratory studies of various industrial processes and
practices known to generate or influence the genera-
tion of hazardous wastes and their source reduction
practices. The UST of the analyzed processes and
practices include: Acrylonitrile Manufacture; Agricultur-
al Chemicals Formulation; Electroplating; Epichlorohy-
drin Manufacture; Inorganic Pigments Manufacture;
Metal Surface Treatment; Organin Dyes and Pigments;
Paint Manufacturing; Petroleum Refining; Phenolic
Resins Manufacture; Printed Circuit Boards; Printing
Operations; Synthetic Fiber Manufacture; Synthetic
Rubber Manufacture; 1,1,1 - trichloroethane, trichlor-
oethylene/perchloroethylene; Vinyl Chloride Mono-
mer; Wood Prowerving; good operating practices,
metal parts cleaning; paint application; and process
equipment cleaning.
Keywords: Industrial wastes, Hazardous materials,
Sources, Waste treatment, Optimization, 'Hazardous
wastes, 'Solid waste management.
PB87-114377/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste
Waste Minimization Issues and Options. Volume
3. Report to Congress (Final).
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Oct 86,278p* EPA/530/SW-86/043
Contract EPA-68-01-7053
See also PB87-114369. Prepared in cooperation with
Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc., Pasadena, CA. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB87-
114328.
The report is a supplement to Waste Minimization -
Issues and Options Volume I. It contains the following
information: (1) Recycling technologies and practices;
(2) A description of the Northeast Industrial Waste Ex-
change's on-line computer system; (3) Conducting a
project profitability analysis; (4) EPA's definition of
Solid Waste; (5) EPA correspondence on Waste Mini-
mization activities; (6) Compilation of industrial waste
reduction cases; (7) EPA's environmental auditing
policy statement; (9) Descriptions of State programs;
and (10) Two proposed regulations on haza.dous
waste management by two counties in California.
Keywords: Optimization, Hazardous materials, State
government, Waste treatment, Materials recovery,
Hazardous wastes, "Solid waste management,
Waste recycling.
PB87-114492/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Reproductive Toxicology of Pesticides,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
N. Chernoff. Oct 86,18p EPA/600/D-86/247
A review of tests used to evaluate reproductive toxicity
and the application of such methodologies to the eval-
uation of the potential of pesticides to induce develop-
mental and/or reproductive toxicity will be presented.
Reproductive toxicity encompasses adverse effects
on the male and female reproductive systems, teratol-
ogy, and perinatal toxicity. Examples of adverse ef-
fects of pesticides on mammalian systems will be
given as shown in multigeneration and teratology stud-
ies as well as tests designed to specifically identify the
sites of injury to the reproductive system. Problems in
the interpretation of such data will be illustrated by the
studies which are discussed and suggestions for the
improvement of test approaches are given.
Keywords: 'Reproduction(Biology), 'Toxicology,
"Pesticides, Teratogenesis.
PB87-114591/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Compartment Model Approaches for Estimating
the Parameters of a Chronic Disease Process
under Changing Risk Factor Exposures. Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
K. G. Manton, E. Stallard, J. P. Creason, W. B. Riggan,
and M. A. Woodbury. C1986,18p EPA/600/J-86/162
Pub. in Computers and Biomedical Research 19, p15l-
169 Feb 86. Prepared in cooperation with Duke Univ.,
Durham, NC.
Compartment model approaches have been proposed
for the analysis of the age incidence of specific types
of cancer. These models represented the age increase
in incidence as the result of a compound hazard func-
tion where individual level risks were described by the
Weibull hazard function and where the population level
hazard rate is a continuous mixture of the Weibull haz-
ards. These formulations assumed that the mixing
function, which described differences in risk due to dif-
ferent exposure histories, was constant after the age
at which the model was first applied. In the paper the
authors show how the mixing distribution can be al-
lowed to change with time reflecting changing expo-
sures. The model is fitted to U.S. lung cancer mortality
data where for recent male cohorts there appears to
be changing patterns of exposure possibly related to
recent declines in male smoking. The implications for
future lung cancer mortality trends in the U.S. are dis-
cussed.
Keywords: Models, Exposures, Estimates, Reprints,
"Risk factors, "Chronic diseases.
PB87-114609/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Changes In Accessibility of DNA to Various Fluor-
ochromes during Spermatogenesis. Journal article,
South Dakota State Univ., Brookings. Dept. of Chemis-
try.
D. Evenson, Z. Darzynkiewicz, L. Jost, F. Janca, and B.
Ballachey. C1986,11p EPA/600/ J-86/163
Pub. in Cytometry 7, p45-53 Jan 86. Prepared in coop-
eration with Sloan-Kettering Inst, for Cancer Research,
New York. Lab. of Investigative Cytology. Sponsored
by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Accessibility of mouse testicular and vas deferens
(vas) sperm cell DNA to acridine orange, propidium
iodide, ellipticine, Hoechst 33342, mithramycin, chro-
momycin A3, 4'6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI),
and 7-amino-actinomycin D (7-amino-AMD) was deter-
mined by flow cytometry. Permealized cells were either
stained directly or after pretreatment with 0.06 N HCI.
For histone-containing tetraploid, diploid, and round
spermatid cells, HCI extraction of nuclear proteins
caused an approximately sixfold increase of 7-amino-
AMD stainability but had no significant effect on DAPI
stainability. For these same cell types, the stainability
with other intercalating (acridine orange, propidium
iodide, ellipticine) and externally binding (Hoechst
33342, mithramycin, chromomycin A3) dyes was in-
creased by 1.6- to 4.0-fold after HCI treatment. In
sharp contrast, HCI treatment of vas sperm did not in-
crease the staining level of 7-amino-AMD, DAPI, or
propidium iodide but did increase the staining level' for
the other intercalating dyes (1.3- to 1 5-fold) and exter-
nal dyes (1.3- to 1.9-fold).
Keywords: "Deoxyribonucleic acid, Flow cytometry
Reprints, "Fluorochromes, 'Spermatogenesis.
PB87-114617/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Disinfection for Potable Reuse. Journal article,
Denver Water Dept., CO.
S. E. Rogers, and W. C. Lauer. C1986,7p EPA/600/J-
86/164
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation
v58, n3 p193-198 Mar 86. Sponsored by Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineer-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Potable reuse requires a multiple barrier approach to
control pathogens from a grossly contaminated
source. The primary multiple pathogen barriers used at
the Denver Potable Water Reuse Demonstration Plant
are excess lime treatment, ozonation, reverse osmo-
sis, and chlorine dioxide. Undisinfected secondary
wastewater effluent is subjected to high-pH lime treat-
ment which inactivates viruses and bacteria, reduces
TOC, removes suspended solids, and precipitates
heavy metals and phosphorus. Ozone is an effective
virucide and bactericide and chemically oxidizes re-
fractory organics. Reverse osmosis is a physical bar-
rier to pathogens and removes ions, certain organics,
and nitrogen forms. Chlorine dioxide provides a per-
sistent residual and minimizes the potential for chloro-
organic formation. Operational experience is de-
scribed and disinfection performance evaluated.
Keywords: "Disinfection, 'Water treatment, 'Urban
areas, Calcium oxides, Osmosis, Chlorine oxides, Bac-
teria, Ion exchanging, Viruses, Conform bacteria, Eval-
uation, Reprints, Potable water reuse project,
Denver(Ohio), Reverse osmosis, Ozonation.
PB87-11462S/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Recovery and Diversity of Heterotrophic Bacteria
from Chlorinated Drinking Waters. Journal article,
Washington Univ., Seattle. Dept. of Microbiology and
Immunology.
J. S. Maki, S. J. LaCroix, B. S. Hopkins, and J. T.
Stalev. C1986,10p EPA/600/J-86/165
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v51,
n5 p1047-1055 May 86. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering
Research Lab.
Heterotrophic bacteria were enumerated from the Se-
attle drinking water catchment basins and distribution
system. The highest bacterial recoveries were ob-
tained by using a very dilute medium containing 0.01 %
peptone as the primary carbon source. Other factors
favoring high recovery were the use of incubation tem-
peratures close to that of the habitat and an extended
incubation (28 days or longer provided the highest
counts). Total bacterial counts were determined by
using acridine orange staining. With one exception, all
acridine orange counts in chlorinated samples were
lower than those in prechlorinated reservoir water, in-
dicating that chlorination often reduces the number of
acridine orange-detectable bacteria. Source waters
had higher diversity index values than did samples ex-
amined following chlorination and storage in reser-
voirs. Shannon index values based upon colony mor-
phology were in excess of 4.0 for prechlorinated
source waters, whereas the values for final chlorinated
tap waters were lower than 2.9.
Keywords: 'Bacteria, 'Potable water, Reprints, 'Water
pollution detection. Drinking water,
Seattle(Washington).
PB87-114633/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Ion Exchange for the Removal of Nitrate from
Well Water. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. P. Lauch, and G. A. Guter. C1986,8p EPA/600/J-
86/106
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association, v78 n5
p83-88 May 86. Prepared in cooperation with Boyle
Engineering Corp., Bakersfield, CA.
A 1-mgd (3.8-ML/d) ion exchange plant was built in
McFarfand, Calif., to remove excess concentrations of
nitrate from one of the city's supply wells. Data are re-
ported for the semiautomatic mode of operation,
during which time the plant has performed satisfactori-
ly. Nitrate has been reduced to less than 10 mg as ni-
trogen/L and brine has been eliminated from the prod-
uct water.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Chemical
removal(Water treatment), Ion exchanging, Water
wells, Concentration(Composition), Reprints, 'Ni-
trates.
PB87-114773/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 82: Chlorimuron
ethyl.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
4 Apr 86, 8p EPA/540/FS-87/034
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties. Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Her-
bicides, Agricultural products, 'Toxic substances,
'Chlorimuron ethyl, Path of pollutants, Chemical infor-
mation fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, CAS
90982-32-4.
PB87-114781/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 37: Chlorpyrlfos.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Sep 84,10p EPA/540/FS-87/037
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, In-
secticides, Agricultural products, 'Toxic substances,
'Chlorpyrifos, Path of pollutants, Chemical information
fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, Phosphor-
othioate/(trichloro-pyridyl)-diethyl, CAS 2921 -88-2.
PB87-114799/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Control of Microorganisms of Public Health Con-
cern In Water (Journal Version). Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Cab.
E. E. Geldreich. 1986, 7p EPA/600/J-86/167
See also PB85-177798. Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental
Sciences 29, n2 p34-37 Mar/Apr 86.
The concept of microbial barriers in water supply and
wastewater treatment involves a variety of processes
other than disinfection. Many of these treatment proc-
esses have evolved from the enhancement of some
factors associated with natural self-purification (sedi-
mentation, aeration, nutrient limitations, water pH,
etc.). Utilizing the multiple barrier concept in treatment
of wastes before discharge to receiving waters and the
further refinement possible by natural self-purification
processes in the stream are beneficial in optimizing the
quality of this raw water resource prior to further proc-
essing into drinking water supplies. A flow diagram
based on typical percent removals in various treatment
processes illustrates how water contaminated with
fecal wastes can be improved in quality to protect
downstream users from microbial hazards.
Keywords: 'Feces, "Microorganism control(Water),
'Microorganism control(Sewage), "Streams, Activated
sludge process, Settling, Lagoons(Ponds), Purifica-
tion, Anaerobic processes, Removal, Sewage treat-
ment, Flow charts, Aeration, Tables(Data), Reprints,
Drinking water, Primary treatment, Rotating disc pro-
cessors.
PB87-11S036/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Asbestos-in-Bullding« Technical Bulletin: Abate-
ment of Asbestos-Containing Pipe Insulation.
Technical bulletin,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Washington, DC.
D. L. Keyes. 1986,18p
Contract EPA-68-02-4243
See also PB86-116522. Prepared in cooperation with
Environmental Sciences, Tucson, A2. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
The technical bulletin supplements information in the
1985 guidance document: Guidance for Controlling
Asbestos-Containing materials in Buildings (EPA-560/
5-85-024). It addresses one type of ACM: asbestos-
containing insulation on steam, hot water, or cold
water pipes. Detailed procedures are presented for re-
pairing or removing pipe insulation or removing the in-
sulation and pipe together.
Keywords: "Asbestos, 'Construction materials, "Build-
ings, Air pollution control, Commercial buildings, Public
buildings, Industrial hygiene, Removal, Pipes(Tubes),
Abatement, 'Toxic substances, 'Indoor air pollution,
'Occupational safety and health.
PB87-115051/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 43: Dlsulfoton.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
31 Dec 84,12p EPA/540/FS-87/054
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, 'Toxic substances, 'Disulfoton,
Path of pollutants. Chemical information fact sheet,
Use patterns, Science findings, Phosphorodithioate/
diethyl-S-((ethylthio)ethyl), CAS 298-04-4.
PB87-115069/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 10: Feneminosulf.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
14 Oct 83,5p EPA/540/FS-87/059
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (A) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, Fungicides, 'Toxic substances,
"Fenaminosulf, Path of pollutants. Chemical informa-
tion fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, Sulfon-
ic acid/benzenediazo-(dimethylamino)-(sodium-salt),
CAS 140-56-7.
PB87-115085/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Mutagenic Activity of Irradiated C2H4/NOx Mix-
ture* In the Presence of Diethylhydroxylamlne.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
T. E. Kleindienst, E. O. Edney, G. R. Namie, and L. D.
Claxton. c 1986,9p EPA/600/J-86/178
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v20 n5 p971-978
1986. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services,
Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Ethylene/oxides of nitrogen mixtures were irradiated in
the absence and presence of diethylhydroxylamine. As
previously reported, the presence of diethylhydroxyla-
mine inhibited the photooxidation of the hydrocarbon
and nitric oxide and the onset of ozone formation.
Once the diethylhydroxylamine completely reacted,
the ozone rose more rapidly, but to a lower level than
in the absence of diethylhydroxylamine. Peroxyacetyl
nitrate was also produced with the addition of diethyl-
hydroxylamine. The reaction mixtures were tested for
total mutagenic activity by gas phase exposure to Sal-
monella typhimurium strain TA100. A significantly
greater mutagenic activity was observed in the irradiat-
ed ethylene/diethylhydroxylamine/oxides of nitrogen
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
mixture relative to the irradiated ethylene/oxtdes of ni-
trogen mixture. Only approx. 20% of the observed re-
sponse could be accounted for by known reaction
products.
Keywords: "Nitrogen oxides, 'Ethylene, Chemical re-
actions, Mutagens, Reprints, "Mutagenesis, "Amine/
diethyl-hydroxyl.
PB87-115093/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Inhalation of Organic Chemical Air Con-
taminants on Murine Lung Host Defenses. Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. Aranyi, W. J. O'Shea, J. A. Graham, and F. J. Miller.
C1986,10p EPA/600/J-86/177
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 6, p713-
720 1986. Prepared in cooperation with III Research
Inst., Chicago, IL. Life Sciences Research Div.
The potential health hazards of exposure to threshold
limit value (TLV) concentrations of acetaldehyde, acro-
lein, propylene oxide, chloroform, methyl chloroform,
carbon tetrachloride, ally! chloride, methylene chloride,
ethylene trichloride, perchloroethylene, benzene,
phenol, monochlorobenzene, and benzyl chloride,
compounds which may be present in the ambient or
work room atmosphere were investigated. The effects
of single and multiple 3-hr inhalation exposures were
evaluated in mice by monitoring changes in their sus-
ceptibility to experimentally induced streptococcus
aerosol infection and pulmonary bactericidal activity to
inhaled Klebsiella pneumoniae. When significant
changes in these parameters were found, further ex-
posures were performed at reduced vapor concentra-
tions until the no-measurable-effect level was reached.
Multiple exposures on 5 consecutive days were then
performed at the concentration. Significant increases
in susceptibility to respiratory streptococcus infection
were observed after single 3-hr exposure to TLV con-
centrations of methylene chloride, perchloroethylene,
and ethylene trichloride. For methylene chloride and
perchloroethylene, these exposure conditions also re-
sulted in significantly decreased pulmonary bactericid-
al activity. (Copyright (c) 1986 Society of Toxicology.)
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Organic compounds, Inhala-
tion, Lung, Reprints, *Air pollution effects(Animals).
PB87-115101/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Sodium Pentobarbital on Behavioral
Thermoregulation In Rats and Mice. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
K. S. Strek, M. D. Long, and C. J. Gordon. 1986,6p
EPA/600/J-86/176
Pub. in Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, v24
n4p1147-1150 Apr 86.
The experiment was designed to study the effects of
sodium pentobarbital on behavioral thermoregulation
in rats and mice. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given
intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of sodium pentobarbital
in doses of 0, 1,5, 10 or 15 mg/kg and male CBA/J
mice were given doses of 0, 5,10,15 or 30 mg/kg. The
animals were immediately placed in a temperature gra-
dient which allowed them to select their preferred am-
bient temperature (Ta). The preferred Ta of rats in-
creased following a 10 mg/kg injection of sodium pen-
tobarbital. However, the barbiturate had no effect on
the preferred Ta of mice. The data suggest a peripher-
al action of sodium pentobarbital in rats which results
in hypothermia and an appropriate compensatory be-
havioral selection of a warmer Ta.
Keywords: "Thermoregulation, "Drugs, Behavior,
Rats, Mice, Laboratory animals, Reprints, Sodium pen-
tobarbital.
PB87-115119/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Toxicity of Particles Emitted from Combustion of
Waste Crankcase Oil: In vitro and In vivo Studies.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J L Mumford, G. E. Hatch, R. E. Hall, M. A. Jackson,
and R. G. Merrill. c1986,11 p EPA/600/J-86/175
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 7, p49-57
Jul 86. Prepared in cooperation with Environmental
Health Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
The ever-rising cost of energy provides incentives for
the utilization of waste crankcase oil (WCO) for space
heating. The potential health hazards of emissions and
waste products resulting from the combustion of WCO
are unknown. The toxicity of the emission particles and
waste products from two different types of burners, a
Dravo atomizing oil burner (AOB) and a Kroll vaporiz-
ing oil burner (VOB), are evaluated using automotive
WCO. Samples are characterized by performing ele-
mental analysis and scanning electron microscopy.
The toxicity of AOB emission particles, VOB emission
particles, and VOB waste residue is evaluated in three
bioassay systems, i.e., a rabbit alveolar macrophage
cytotoxicity in vitro assay, an intratracheal injection in-
fectivity assay, and a peritoneal irritancy test in mice.
Emission particles from both burners are comparable
in overall potency to the most toxic combustion parti-
cles tested previously, with the exception of AOB parti-
cles in the infectivity assay.
Keywords: "Combustion products, "Toxicity, "Air pol-
lution,	Combustion,	Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, "Toxic sub-
stances, "Particulate sampling.
PB87-115127/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Immune Function in Adult C57BL/6J Mice Follow-
ing Exposure to Urethan Pre- or Postnatally. Jour-
nal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. W. Luebke, M. M. Riddle, R. R. Rogers, D. G. Rowe,
and R. J. Garner. C1986,17pEPA/600/J-86/174
Pub. in Jnl. of Immunopharmacology 8, n2 p243-257
1986. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services,
Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Administration of urethan (URE or ethyl carbamate) to
mice results in the development of a variety of tumors,
and, in certain strains of mice, marked supression of
the immune response. Perinatal exposure of mice to
URE has been found to result in increased tumor in-
duction compared to exposure of adult animals. In the
present study, the effects of perinatal exposure to
URE on the development of immunocompetence was
investigated. Pregnant mice were injected with total
doses of either 0.5 or 1.0 mg URE/g of body weight
over days 7-16 of gestation or pups of nontreated
dams were administered a total dose of 2.0 mg URE/g
of body weight over postpartum days 5-14. Postnatal
exposure to URE suppressed NK (natural killer) cell
activity but left intact other measured parameters of
the host defense system. Prenatal exposure, on the
other hand, resulted in elevated leukocyte counts and
a trend toward increased spleen and thymus size in
offspring of treated mothers.
Keywords: "Drugs, "Toxicology, Neoplasms, Mice,
Laboratory animals, Reprints, Urethan, "Immune re-
sponse.
PB87-115143/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 58: Ethalfluralin.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Jun 85, 5p EPA/540/FS-87/057
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, Herbicides, "Toxic substances,
"Ethalfluralin, Path of pollutants, Chemical information
fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, Benzena-
mine/N-ethyl-N-(methyi-propenyl)-dinitro-
(trifluoromethyl).
PB87-115150/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 6: EPTC.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
3 Oct 83,7p EPA/540/FS-87/056
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occured. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Her-
bicides, Agricultural products, 'Toxic substances,
"Carbamic acid/(dipropylthio-ester)-S-ethyl, Path of
pollutants, Chemical information fact sheet, Use pat-
terns, Science findings, CAS 759-94-4.
PB87-115168/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 9: Dluron.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Sep 83, 6p EPA/540/FS-87/055
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, Herbicides, "Toxic substances,
"Diuron, Path of pollutants, Chemical information fact
sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, Urea/dichioro-
phenyl-dimethyl, CAS 150-68-5.
PB87-115259/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Analysis of the Risks and Benefits of Seven
Chemicals Used for Subterranean Termite Con-
trol.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Nov 83, 72p EPA/540/9-83/005
The paper responds to the concerns expressed in the
General Accounting Office (GAO) report, 'Need for a
Formal Risk/Benefit Review of the Pesticide Chlor-
dane.' The GAO summarized its investigation of the
adequacy of the EPA's regulation of pesticides used in
and around the home. The GAO report concluded that
the EPA should conduct a Rebuttable Presumption
Against Registration (RPAR) review of chlordane to
determine whether the potential risk of the termite use
outweighs the benefits of this use. EPA responded to
the GAO report stating that an RPAR review of chlor-
dane would not be the best approach to the problem.
The EPA proposed a comparative risk/benefit analysis
of the termiticides as a cluster. The paper summarizes
the data on the health effects and human exposure as-
sociated with the seven termiticides (Chlordane, Hep-
tachlor, Aldrin, Dieldrin, Lindane, Pentachlorophenol
and Chlotpyrifos).
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Termites, "Chlordane, Expo-
sure, Hazardous materials, Pest control, Regulations,
Chemical properties, Public health, Toxicology]
Humans, Chlorine organic compounds, "Toxic sub-
stances, "Lindane, "Dieldrin, "Heptachlor, "Aldrin
"Phenol/pentachloro, "Chlorpyrifos, Use patterns'
Science findings, Health hazards, CAS 510, CAS 58-
89-9, CAS 60-57-1, CAS 14168-01-5, CAS 12788-03-
6, CAS 309-00-2, CAS 87-86-5.
PB87-115325/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Finite Expansion Method for the Calculation and
Interpretation of Molecular Electrostatic Poten-
tials. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.	u
K. Namboodiri, and H. Weinstein. C1986,10p EPA/
600/J-86/171
Pub. in International Jnl. of Quantum Chemistry 29
p1697-1704 Jun 86. Prepared in cooperation with
Mount Sinai School of Medicine. New York.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Because it is useful to have the molecular electrostatic
potential as an element in a complex scheme to
assess the toxicity of large molecules, efficient and re-
liable methods are needed for the calculation and
characterization of these potentials. A multicenter mul-
tipole expansion of the molecular electron charge den-
sity calculated with a limited Gaussian basis set is
shown here to have only a finite number of nonzero
terms from which the molecular electrostatic potential
can be calculated. The discrete contributions to the
electrostatic potentials from the terms of the expan-
sion provide a physically meaningful decomposition of
(he potential and a means for its characterization. With
pyrrole as an example, the electrostatic potential cal-
culated from the finite expansion of the electron densi-
ty is compared to that obtained from exact calculations
from the same wave function. Good agreement is ob-
tained at distances greater than 1.5 A from any atom in
the molecule. In contrast, rearrangement of the terms
into an expansion corresponding only to Mulliken
atomic charges and dipoles yields a decomposition
that produces electrostatic potentials which agree less
well with the exact potential. The discrepancy is attrib-
utable to the neglect of terms due to higher moments.
(Copyright (c) 1986 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)
Keywords: "Mathematical models, "Toxicity, Chemical
properties, Reprints, Toxic substances, Health effects.
PB87-115333/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Analysis of the Volume of Red Blood Cells: Appli-
cation of the Expectation-Maximization Algorithm
to Grouped Data from the Doubly-Truncated Log-
normal Distribution. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. E. McLaren, G. M. Brittenham, and V. Hasselblad.
C1986,18p EPA/600/J-86/172
Pub. in Biometrics 42, p143-158 Mar 86. Prepared in
cooperation with Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleve-
land, OH., and Duke Univ., Durham, NC.
In accordance with general principles recommended
by the International Committee for Standardization in
Haematology (1982, Journal of Clinical Pathology 35,
1320-1322), the authors have developed statistical
methods for the analysis of red cell volume distribu-
tions. To select an appropriate reference distribution
for goodness-of-fit testing, the authors derived a math-
ematical model of erythropoiesis that predicted a log-
normal form for the distribution of erythrocyte volumes.
Model predictions were then tested using samples ob-
tained from 50 healthy individuals. Each grouped red
cell volume distribution was doubly-truncated to elimi-
nate artifactual frequency counts. Distribution parame-
ter estimates were computed using the expectation-
maximization algorithm, a missing information tech-
nique. Results of the one-sample chi-square good-
ness-of-fit test showed a fairly even distribution of P-
values over the interval (0,1). Examples of the applica-
tion of these statistical procedures to distributions from
patients with anemia are given. The results suggest
that, for the analysis of red blood cell volumes, (i) pa-
rameter estimation should be made with the expecta-
tion-maximization method, and (ii) the truncated log-
normal distribution should be used as a reference dis-
tribution for goodness-of-fit testing. This method could
be applied to any set of grouped doubly-truncated data
which, after transformation, follows the normal model.
Keywords: "Erythrocytes, "Volumetric analysis, Math-
ematical models, Reprints.
PB87-115341/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Three-Dimensional Finite-Difference Thermoregu-
latory Model of a Squirrel Monkey. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R J. Spiegel, and M. B. E. Fatmi. c1986,12p EPA/
600/J-86/173
Pub. in International Jnl. of Radiation Oncology, Biol-
ogy and Physics 12, n6 p983-992 Jun 86. Prepared in
cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
A three-dimensional thermoregulatory model of a
squirrel monkey, whose shape is approximated by 742
rectangular blocks of varying sizes, has been devel-
oped. The inhomogeneous model has four layers: a
core, a composite layer of muscle and fat, skin, and
fur. The model simulates the flow of heat into and out
of the body, including internal heat generation (metab-
olism) by the body, cooling and distribution of heat by
blood, thermal conduction throughout the body, evap-
orative heat loss from sweating, and radiation and con-
vection from the outer surface of the body. It also sim-
ulates dynamic thermoregulatory behavior such as pe-
ripheral vasomotor responses (skin vasodilation and
vasoconstriction) and variable sweating rates. Com-
puted results are compared with available experimen-
tal data; the agreement is good, especially for ambient
temperatures above 26 C.
Keywords: "Thermoregulation, Laboratory animals.
Monkeys, Heat flow, Reprints, Animal models.
PB87-115358/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays for De-
tection and Quantitation of the Entomocldal Para-
sporal Crystalline Protein of 'Bacillus thurlngien-
sis' subspp. 'kurstaki' and 'israelensls'. Journal ar-
ticle,
California Univ., Davis.
S. I. Wie, R. E. Andrews, B. D. Hammock, R. M. Faust,
and L. A. Bulla. C1962,6p EPA/600/J-82/469
Grant EPA-R-806447
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v43
n4 p891-894 Apr 82. Prepared in cooperation with
Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, and Department of
Agriculture, Beltsville, MD. Sponsored by Health Ef-
fects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was
used to detect and quantitate the parasporal crystal
toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis subspp. kurstaki and is-
raelensis. The ELISA method described is extremely
sensitive, accurate, and highly specific. Using the tech-
nique, crystalline insecticidal proteins from several
subspecies of B. thuringiensis were compared. The
dipteran crystal toxin produced by B. thuringiensis
subsp. israelensis was shown to share few epitopes
with the lepidopteran toxin from subspecies kurstaki,
tolworthi, berliner and alesti.
Keywords: "Toxins, "Bacteria, Reprints, "Immunosor-
bent assays. Bacillus thuringiensis.
PB87-115614/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 78: Fenoxycarb.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1 Feb 86,7p EPA/540/FS-87/061
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties. Toxicology, Ecology, Insecticides, For-
micidae, "Toxic substances, "Fenoxycarb, Path of pol-
lutants, Chemical information fact sheet, Use patterns,
Science findings, Carbamic acid/(ethyl-
((phenoxyphenoxy)ethyl-ester)), CAS 72490-01-8.
PB87-115622/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 42: Vitamin D3.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1 Dec 84,6p EPA/540/FS-87/073
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology,
"Toxic substances, Vitamin sub D3, Path of pollut-
ants, Chemical information fact sheet, Use patterns,
Science findings, CAS 434-16-2.
PB87-115630/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 31: Wood Preserva-
tives.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
11 Jul 84, 7p EPA/540/ FS-87/011
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Arsenic inorganic com-
pounds, Hazardous materials, Chemical properties,
Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agricultural prod-
ucts, "Toxic substances, "Phenol/pentachloro, Path
of pollutants, Chemical information fact sheet, Use
patterns, Science findings, "Creosate.
PB87-115648/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Pathologic Changes Induced by Coal-Fired Fly
Ash In Hamster Tracheal Grafts. Journal article,
NT Research Inst., Chicago, IL. Life Sciences Re-
search Div.
L. J. Schiff, and J. A. Graham. C1984,9p EPA/600/J-
84/381
Grant EPA-R-807354
Pub. in Toxicology 29, p307-313 1984. Sponsored by
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
The toxicity of fly ash from a coal-fired power plant for
respiratory tract epithelium was studied in heterotropic
tracheal grafts. Hamster tracheal grafts were continu-
ously exposed to beeswax-cholesterol pellets contain-
ing 100, 1000 and 5000 micrograms fly ash and evalu-
ated at 1, 2, 4 and 14-15 months of exposure. Histo-
pathologic effects and the autoradiographic pattern of
(3H)thymidine incorporation were determined. In all
concentrations of fly ash, an early mild submucosal in-
flammatory response was seen. Morphologic re-
sponse of the tracheal epithelium was characterized
by hyperplasia followed by squamous metaplasia and
atrophic lesions. Although a rare papillomatous struc-
ture with cellular atypia was seen in grafts receiving
1000 micrograms fly ash, no carcinomas appeared
during the 15 month observation period. Varying de-
grees of submucosal toxicity were also observed
during the time period. Autoradiographic studies
showed a significant increase in (3H)thymidine incor-
poration in grafts receiving fly ash treatment.
Keywords: "Fly ash, "Toxicology, Respiratory system,
Hamsters, Laboratory animals, Power plants, Reprints,
"Air pollution effects(Animals).
PB87-1156SS/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Principles of Internal Corrosion and Corrosion
Monitoring. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
G. J. Kirmeyer, and G. S. Logsdon. C1983,9p EPA/
600/J-83/355
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association, v75 n2
p78-83 Feb 83. Prepared in cooperation with Econom-
ic and Engineering Services, Inc., Olympia, WA.
Corrosion, a complex electrochemical phenomenon
that cannot always be eliminated but can usually be
controlled in a cost-effective manner, may be uniform
and attack a surface evenly or may cause severe local-
ized problems such as a crevice or pit. For the corro-
sion reaction to proceed, all components of an electro-
chemical cell-an anode, a cathode, a connection be-
tween the anode and cathode, and a conducting solu-
tion-are required. Methods for documenting corrosion
range from simple visual inspections to complex scale
analyses. Laboratory and pilot tests can be used to
define the extent and magnitude of corrosion. Corro-
sion control programs should be developed with a two-
phased approach in mind: changing water chemistry
and using corrosion resistant materials.
Keywords: "Corrosion, Monitoring, Reprints.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-115663/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Estimation of Water Demands Using Deficit Analy-
sis. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. M. Clark, J. A. Goodrich, and J. I. Gillean. c1983,
18p EPA/600/J-83/354
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Resources and Planning and
Management Division, American Society of Civil Engi-
neers, v109 n4 p271 -286 Oct 83. Prepared in coopera-
tion with ACT Systems, Inc., Winter Park, FL.
Competition for water among governmental entities
with common river systems has become increasingly
fierce. The competition will no doubt become even
more fierce as populations continue to grow and
become increasingly dispersed. One of the major
issues involved in water resource availability is the
construction of reservoirs to provide continuous and
dependable water supply. The paper uses a technique,
'deficit analysis', that matches available flow versus
actual and/or projected demands. If demand exceeds
available flow, a deficit occurs that must be satisfied by
flow augmentation or reservoir capacity. Standard
techniques such as the Ripple procedure or routing
techniques can reveal total amounts of water required.
By studying the shape and timing of deficits important
additional design information can be gained. The tech-
nique is applied in a case study context to reservoir se-
lection in the Washington D.C. Metropolitan Area.
Keywords: "Rivers, "Water supply, "Reservoirs, Yield,
Competition, Stream flow, Statistical analysis, Popula-
tion growth. Employment, Requirements, Metropolitan
areas, District of Columbia, Virginia, Maryland, Re-
prints, "Water demand, "Reservoir capacity, Flow aug-
mentation, Low flow.
PB87-115671 /HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Discussion (Research Issues to Facilitate Risk As-
sessment of Toxic Air Pollutants). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. A. Graham. Sep 83,6p EPA/600/J-83/353
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association 33,
n9 p837-840 Sep 83.
Given the excellence of the 'Critical Review of Toxic
Air Pollutants', the discussion will expand on a few
points raised by Dr. Goldstein rather than critique his
comments. Because Dr. Goldstein and the other dis-
cussants have addressed carcinogenesis issues so
well, the author will limit her comments to noncarcino-
genic endpoints. Focus is placed on health research
elements which feed into risk assessment using the
basic premise that a risk assessment can be no better
than the data being assessed. The discussion will be
organized according to the elements of research risk
assessment and risk management described by Dr.
Goldstein and the National Academy of Sciences
panel. Dr. Goldstein's convention of TAP, standing for
Toxic Air Pollutants, will be used.
Keywords: "Air pollution, Risks, Reprints, "Environ-
mental health, "Toxic substances, "Health risks.
PB87-115697/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Behavior of Organic Pollutants during Rapid-Infil-
tration of Wastewater into Soil: 1. Processes, Def-
inition, and Characterization Using a Microcosm.
Journal article,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
1986, 15p EPA/600/J-86/145
See also PB87-115705. Pub. in Hazardous Waste and
Hazardous Materials, v3 n1 p43-55 1986.
A microcosm was constructed to study the behavior of
organic pollutants during rapid infiltration of municipal
wastewater into soil. The microcosm permitted a direct
measure of the amount of volatilization and allowed
calculation of the amount that degraded. The
wastewater was amended with selected organic com-
pounds at individual average concentrations of 0.2 to
32 micromoles/L. Chloroform, 1,1-dichloro-ethane,
1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethene, and tetrachlor-
oethene volatilized extensively. There was observable
degradation of 1,1-dichioroethane but there was no
detectable degradation of the other volatile com-
pounds.
Keywords: "Land pollution, "Waste water, "Soils,
"Fluid infiltration, Hazardous materials, Transforma-
tions, Contaminants, Organic compounds.
Concentration(Composition), Chloroform, Hazardous
materials, Reprints, Ethane/dichloro, Ethane/trich-
loro, Ethylene/trichloro, Ethylene/tetrachloro.
PB87-115705/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Behavior of Organic Pollutants during Rapid-Infil-
tration of Wastewater into Soil: 2. Mathematical
Description of Transport and Transformation.
Journal article,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
C. G. Enfield, D. M. Walters, J. T. Wilson, and M. D.
Piwoni. 1986, 22p EPA/600/J-86/144
See also PB87-115697. Pub. in Hazardous Waste and
Hazardous Materials, v3 n1 p57-76 1986.
A compartmental screening model was developed to
describe the movement of volatile and transformable
organic chemicals in rapid-infiltration wastewater treat-
ment systems. The first compartment describes losses
of the chemical from the infiltration basin when the
basin is flooded with wastewater. The second com-
partment considers losses due to volatilization and
transformation in near surface soils during periods of
drying. The third compartment describes the transport
and transformation of the remaining chemical to
ground water. The model was developed to consider
an accidental spill of chemical into a treatment system
or a constant input of chemical into a system. No at-
tempt was made in this investigation to evaluate the
model's suitability for describing an accidental spill into
a treatment system. Projections of volatilization were
within a factor of 2 for slowly transformable com-
pounds. The model overestimates volatilization for de-
gradable compounds if one assumes no transforma-
tion.
Keywords: "Land pollution, "Waste water, "Soils,
'Fluid infiltration, Transport properties, Transforma-
tions, Mathematical models, Reprints, "Environmental
transport, "Volatile organic compounds, Chemical
spills.
PB87-115713/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Influence of pH on the Removal of Organlcs by
Granular Activated Carbon. Journal article,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis.
M. J. Semmens, G. E. Norgaard, G. Hohenstein, and A.
B. Staples. C1986, 8p EPA/600/J-86/149
Grant EPA-R-806377
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association, v78 n5
p89-93 May 86. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
Studies with miniature columns of granular activated
carbon (GAC) demonstrated the importance of pH in
the removal of total organic carbon and trihalometh-
ane precursors from coagulated Mississippi River
water.
Keywords: "Organic compounds. "Activated carbon
treatment, "Mississippi River, pH, Removal, Methane,
Halogen organic compounds, Carbon, Coagulation,
Alums, Flocculating, Flow rate, Chemical analysis, Ul-
traviolet spectroscopy, Reprints, Halomethane.
PB87-115721/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Experience with Chlorine Dioxide at Denver's
Reuse Plant. Journal article,
Denver Water Dept., CO.
W. C. Lauer, S. R. Lohman, and S. E. Rogers. c1986,
12p EPA/600/J-86/148
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association, v78 n6
p79-87 Jun 86. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
Researchers at Denver's reuse demonstration plant
found that the effectiveness of chlorine dioxide treat-
ment is critically dependent on the performance of the
generator. Because high chlorine dioxide yields can be
obtained even when excessive concentrations of un-
desirable by-products are present, chlorine dioxide
yield alone cannot be used as a measure of optimum
generation conditions. It is necessary to monitor care-
fully all of the various chlorine species produced-chlo-
rite, chlorine, and chlorate, as well as chlorine dioxide.
Keywords: "Chlorine oxides, "Water treatment,
"Waste water reuse, Pilot plants, Effectiveness, Viri-
cides, Clarification, Fluid filtration, Ion exchanging, Am-
monia, Monitoring, Chlorites, Chlorine, Design, Gen-
erators, Performance evaluation, Colorado, Reprints.
Denver(Colorado), "Chlorine dioxide, Chlorates.
PB87-115739/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Toxic Screening Models for Water Supply. Journal
article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. M. Clark, W. M. Grayman, and J. A. Goodrich.
C1986, 19p EPA/600/J-86/147
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Resources and Planning Man-
agement Division, American Society of Civil Engineers
112, n2p149-165 Apr 86.
Many water utilities in the United States depend upon
surface water as their primary source of drinking water.
Toxic screening models can be used to provide a
means for identifying and assessing the pollutants
likely to be in water utility source water from point and
nonpoint upstream dischargers. Two case studies are
presented to evaluate the concept. One is based on
the stretch of Ohio River between the Kanawha River
and Cincinnati, OH, and ranks the vulnerability of the
utilities along the stream segment to organoleptic,
toxic, and carcinogenic pollutants. The second case
study uses the lower Mississippi to illustrate the use of
flow routing models to predict the concentration of
contaminants at downstream utilities, based on up-
stream industrial discharges.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Surface waters, "Water supply,
"Water pollution, Public utilities, Water treatment,
Mathematical models, Communities, Organic com-
pounds, Vulnerability, Water flow, Carcinogens,
Design, Monitoring, Ohio River, Mississippi River, Re-
prints, Case studies, Water quality criteria.
PB87-115747/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada
OK.
Curvilinear Finite Element Model for Simulating
Two-Well Tracer Tests and Transport in Stratified
Aquifers. Journal article,
GeoTrans, Inc., Herndon, VA.
0. Gueven, and F, J. Molz. c1986,18p EPA/600/J-86/
146
Pub. in Water Resources Research, v22 n5 p663-678
May 86. Prepared in cooperation with Auburn Univ.,
AL. Dept. of Civil Engineering. Sponsored by Robert S.
Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
The problem of solute transport in steady nonuniform
flow created by a recharging and discharging well pair
is investigated. Numerical difficulties encountered with
the standard Galerkin formulations in Cartesian coordi-
nates are illustrated. An improved finite element solu-
tion strategy is presented to overcome the numerical
problem. The strategy is based on a formulation per-
formed in three-dimensional curvilinear coordinates.
This formulation is developed especially for the simula-
tion of two-well injection-withdrawal tracer tests con-
ducted in homogeneous or stratified aquifers. The for-
mulation can also be applied to other types of prob-
lems involving transport in homogeneous and stratified
aquifers. A three-dimensional finite element approxi-
mation is derived by two successive applications of up-
stream weighted-residual and subdomain collocation
procedures.
Keywords: "Injection wells, 'Ground water recharge,
"Aquifers, Mathematical models, Nonuniform flow
Stratification, Three dimensional flow, Hydraulic con-
ductivity, Drawdown, Reprints, Tracer studies, Finite
element method.
PB87-115754/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Unrecognized Errors Due to Analog Filtering of
the Brain-Stem Auditory Evoked Response. Jour-
nal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
R. Janssen, V. A. Benignus, L. M. Grimes, and R. S
Dyer. c1986,11 p EPA/600/J-86/160
Pub. in Electroencephalography and Clinical Neuro-
physiology 65, n3 p203-211 May 86. Prepared in coop-
eration with Northrop Services, Inc., Research Trianale
Park, NC.	a
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) is
used as a tool both in clinical evaluation and in toxico-
logical research, where the subject is most often the
laboratory rat. As in other species, interpretation of the
rat BAER waveform is based on the latencies and am-
plitudes of its voltage peaks, and the association of
these peaks with ascending levels or nuclei of the au-
ditory system.
Keywords: "Brain stem, Reprints, 'Auditory evoked re-
sponses, "Evoked responses, Analog filtering.
PB87-115762/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Disinfection. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
A. D. Venosa, and R. Isaac. 1986,13p EPA/600/J-86/
153
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
v58 n6 p518-527 Jun 86.
The article is a summary of the literature published in
the year 1985 on the topic of wastewater and water
disinfection. It consists of a section on the microbiolo-
gy and kinetics of disinfection and several sections re-
lated to the chemistry of disinfection, including analyti-
cal methods, reactions, and products.
Keywords: "Disinfection, "Water treatment, "Sewage
treatment, Microbiology, Bacteria, Viruses, Coliform
bacteria, Cooling water. Reaction kinetics, Effective-
ness, Methanes, Ozone, Recreation facilities, Chroma-
tographic analysis, Decomposition, Chlorine organic
compounds, Reprints, "Chlorine dioxide, Methane/
trichloro.
PB87-115770/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Movement of Selected Organic Liquids into Dry
Soils. Journal article,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
A Amoozegar, A. W. Warrick, and W. H. Fuller. C1986,
15p EPA/600/J-86/152
Pub. in Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials, v3
n1 p29-41 1986. Prepared in cooperation with Arizona
Univ., Tucson. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environ-
mental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
The movement of six organic liquids (toluene, xylene,
kerosene, acetone, isopropyl alcohol and ethylene
glycol) and water through five soils (Davidson, Ava,
Canelo, Anthony and Mohave) was evaluated by
measuring the rate of advance of the wetting front. Air
dry soils were packed in glass columns of 2.1 cm
inside diameter and 30-40 cm length. Pure liquids were
added to one end of the column under a 0 to -1 cm of
head using a constant head device. The rate of ad-
vancement of xylene was generally the fastest where-
as ethylene glycol was the slowest. Of the soils consid-
ered, flow was fastest in the Mohave loam followed by
Anthony (sandy loam). The experimental results were
tested against theoretical predictions that the rate ad-
vance be proportional to the square root of time. Gen-
erally, the rate of advance of the pure organic liquid
into dry soils can be related to the rate of advance of
water and the saturated hydraulic conductivity values.
Keywords: "Soils, "Contamination, "Toluene, "Xy-
lenes, "Kerosene, "Acetone, "Ethylene glycol, Hy-
draufic conductivity, Transport properties, Reprints,
"Isopropyl alcohol.
PB87-115788/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Permeability of Soils to Four Organic Liquids and
Water. Journal article,
Arizona Univ., Tucson.
M Schramm, A. W. Warrick, and W. H. Fuller. c1986,
10p EPA/600/J-86/151
Pub. in Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials, v3
n1 p21-27 1986. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environ-
mental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
Saturated hydraulic conductivities and intrinsic per-
meabilities were evaluated for eight contrasting soils
with four organic liquids and water. The organic liquids
were kerosene, ethylene glycol, isopropyl alcohol and
xylene. Intrinsic permeability for any given soil varied
inversely with the dielectric coefficient-water gave the
lowest value. The mechanism is apparently related to
the double-layer phenomena with water leading to the
most dispersed system. A multiple regression analysis
related intrinsic permeability to silt, dielectric coeffi-
cient, clay and bulk density with a goodness of fit (R) of
0.74. An analysis of all the non-aqueous liquids, with
water permeability as a dependent variable, resulted in
an R of 0.84. The study has relevance with regard to
movement of such organics in soils either as a pollut-
ant or as a solvent carrying pollutants. (Copyright (c)
Hazardous Waste & Hazardous Materials, 1986.)
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Soils, "Kerosene,
"Xylenes, "Ethylene glycols, Transport properties,
Waste disposal, Viscosity, Density(Mass/volume),
Land pollution, Hydraulic conductivity, Permeability,
Reprints, "Isopropyl alcohol.
PB87-115796/HSU	PC A02/MF AOf
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Solubility of 2,3,7,8-TCDD (Tetrachlorodlbenzo-p-
Dloxin) in Contaminated Soils,
Battelle Columbus Div., OH.
D. R. Jackson, M. H. Roulier, H. M. Grotta, S. W. Rust,
and J. S. Warner. C1986,18p EPA/600/D-86/245
Contract EPA-68-03-3100
Pub. in Chlorinated Dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Per-
spective, ch13 p185-200 1986. Presented at National
Meetings of the American Chemical Society (189th),
Miami Beach, Florida, September 1985. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Soils from ten sites contaminated with 2,3,7,8-Tetrach-
lorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) were investigated in
aqueous batch and intact core leaching studies to de-
termine water/soil partition coefficients (K sub p) for
TCDD and factors affecting the K sub p. TCDD content
in soils ranged from 8 ng/g to 26,000 ng/g. For the
batch extractions, TCDD concentrations in solution
ranged from 0.1 ng/L to 56 ng/L; 79% of the values
were 2.0 ng/L or less. For the intact cores, TCDD con-
centrations in leachate ranged from 0.1 ng/L to 14 ng/
L; 81% of the values were 2.0 ng/L or less. The
amount of TCDD in the soil and the amount of TCDD in
the water extracts were strongly related to the total
solvent-extractable organic matter (SEOM) in soil and
the halogenated semi-volatiles in the solvent-extracta-
ble fraction. These results suggest that co-contami-
nants in the wastes along with the TCDD were sorbed
to the soil and that these materials as a group greatly
influence the partitioning of TCDD between soil and
water in these contaminated soils.
Keywords: "Soils, "Contamination, "Solubility, Hazard-
ous materials, Land pollution, Water pollution, Ground
water, Chlorine organic compounds,
Concentration(Composition), Transport properties,
Soil analysis, "Dibenzodioxin/tetrachloro, Leach tests.
PB87-116083/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 44: Propachlor.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
11 Feb 85,10p EPA/540/FS-87/092
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Her-
bicides, Agricultural products, "Toxic substances,
"Propachlor, Path of pollutants, Chemical information
fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, Acetani-
lide/chloro-(N-isopropyl), CAS 1918-16-7.
PB87-116109/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 2: Cryolite.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Jun 83,6p EPA/540/FS-87/042
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Cryolite, Hazardous materi-
als, Chemical properties, Regulations, Toxicology,
Ecology, Insecticides, Agricultural products, "Toxic
substances, Sodium fluoaluminate, Path of pollutants,
Chemical information fact sheet, Use patterns, Sci-
ence findings, CAS 1344-75-3, CAS 15096-52-3.
PB87-116208/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Predicting Future Water Demand. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. M. Clark, J. A. Goodrich, and J. I. Gillean. C1982,
20p EPA/600/J-82/470
Pub. in Jnl. of the Environmental Engineering Division,
American Society of Civil Engineers, v108 nEE6
p1248-1264 Dec 82. Prepared in cooperation with ACT
Systems, Inc., Winter Park, FL.
Decentralization within metropolitan areas has been a
major aspect of population movement in the United
States over the past two decades. The trend has great
significance for all urban service activities. In particu-
lar, it affects water supply planning in urban areas.
Both numbers of people and their spatial location
affect forecasting of water supply demands which, in
turn, affect fixed plant investments (source works,
treatment works, transmission lines, distribution sys-
tems, and so forth) which are frequently built many
years in advance of the resulting services. The paper
describes, via a case study, the use of population and
per capita demands as a basis for forecasting water re-
quirements.
Keywords: "Water supply, "Urban areas, Trends, Pop-
ulations, Water treatment, Distribution systems, Water
distribution, Fixed investment, Mathematical models,
Revenue, Industries, Residential buildings, Maryland,
District of Columbia, Virginia, Reprints, "Water
demand.
PB87-116216/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Water Distribution Systems: A Spatial and Cost
Evaluation. Journal article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati.
OH.
R. M. Clark, C. L. Stafford, and J. A. Goodrich. Oct 82,
16p EPA/600/J-82/471
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Resources and Planning and
Management Division, American Society of Civil Engi-
neers 108, nWR3 p243-256 Oct 82.
Problems associated with maintaining and replacing
water supply distribution systems are reviewed. Some
of these problems are associated with public health,
economic and spatial development of the community,
and costs of repair and replacement of system compo-
nents. A repair frequency analysis has been complet-
ed for distribution system maintenance events (leaks
and breaks). The economic implication of various re-
placement strategies and the effect of water quality
(corrosivity) on water loss and system cost are exam-
ined. The analysis is based on the data acquired from
one large (260 mgd; 11.39 cu m/s) and one smaller
(20 mgd; 0.88 cu m/s) water utility. Maintenance costs
soon exceed the costs of replacement. Therefore es-
tablishing a timely maintenance and replacement pro-
gram is extremely important from an economic and
public health viewpoint.
Keywords: "Cost analysis, "Water distribution, "Water
supply, Distribution systems, Maintenance, Replacing,
Public utilities, Design criteria, Requirements, Water
pipelines, Flow rate, Service life, Equations,
Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), Corrosion, Water qual-
ity, Reprints, Sensitivity analysis.
PB87-116372/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Acid Deposition and Watershed Characteristics in
Relation to Lake Chemistry in Northeastern Min-
nesota. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
G. Rapp, J. D. Allert, B. W. Liukkonen, O. L. Loucks,
and G. E. Glass. c1985,18p EPA/600/J-85/448
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pub. in Environment International, v11 p425-440 1985.
Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Univ., Duluth.
Coll. of Science and Engineering, and Butler Univ., In-
dianapolis, IN. Holcomb Research Inst.
The relationship between lake sensitivity to atmos-
pheric acidic inputs and the neutralization capacity of
watersheds is examined for 267 lakes in northeastern
Minnesota. Three water chemistry/sensitivity meas-
ures (color, sulfate, and alkalinity) are correlated with
variables representative of precipitation and sulfate
inputs, hydrology, and the acid neutralization capacity
of various watershed components. An ordinal scale for
ranking bedrock and surficial deposit neutralization ca-
pacity is presented. The watershed variables found to
account for the largest percentages of the variability in
measured color, sulfate, and alkalinity levels are deter-
mined. The results illustrate important averaging prop-
erties of watersheds from small headwater systems to
large drainages and the difficulty in obtaining correla-
tions for some water quality measures (e.g., alkalinity)
when some variables, such as soils and land cover,
are available only as large-area averages.
Keywords: 'Acidity, 'Neutralizing, 'Lakes, "Air pollu-
tion, 'Water pollution, Chemical analysis, Sulfates, Al-
kalinity, Color, Water chemistry, Watersheds, Color,
Geochemistry, Land use. Correlation, Regression
analysis, Tables(Data), Minnesota, Reprints, 'Acid
rain.
PB87-116380/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
New Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas)
Subchronic Toxicity Test. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
T. J. Norberg, and D. I. Mount. 1985,10p EPA/600/J-
85/449
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v4
p711-718 Oct 85.
The most commonly used test for evaluating the toxici-
ty of effluents to fish and invertebrates has been the
acute lethality test. However, effluents frequently are
not acutely toxic, and so assessing the sublethal ef-
fects on fish and invertebrates is important. Described
herein is a rapid method to estimate the chronic toxici-
ty of effluents to the fathead minnow (Pimephales pro-
melas). Tests are initiated using newly hatched
minnow larvae and are run for 7 d under static-renewal
conditions. It is a cost-effective, simple, short-term tox-
icity test, and survival and growth are the measures of
effects. Approximately 70 tests using this technique
have been run with various types of effluents. Included
in this article are results from representative effluent
tests and also from tests conducted using Dursban,
zinc and copper. The results indicate that this subch-
ronic toxicity test gives a good estimate of chronic tox-
icity.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, Aquatic biology, Minnows, Toxi-
cology, Concentration(Composition), Reprints, 'Water
pollution effects(Animals), Pimephales promelas.
PB87-116398/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatogra-
phy/Mass Spectrometry for Estimation of N-Octa-
nol/Water Partition Coefficients for Organic
Chemicals. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
L. P. Burkhard, D. W. Kuehl, and G. D. Veith. c1985,
13p EPA/600/J-85/450
Pub. in Chemosphere, v14 n10 p1551-1560 Oct 85.
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Univ.-Superi-
or. Center for Lake Superior Environmental Studies.
A reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography/
mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) method was devel-
oped for estimating n-octanol/water partition coeffi-
cients (K sub ow) of anthropogenic molecules in com-
plex chemical mixtures (e.g., complex effluents and
solid waste Jeachates). The average error for an esti-
mated log K sub ow was ca.0.5 and this error was simi-
lar for both aliphatic and aromatic compounds. The
minimum level of detection using the total ion current
profile generally decreased with increasing molecular
weight between 100 and 600 daltons. Results ob-
tained demonstrate that the HPLC/MS method is a
viable technique for estimating log K sub ow's of an-
thropogenic chemicals in complex environmental sam-
ples.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis. Mass spectroscopy,
Chromatographic analysis, Reprints, High pressure
liquid chromatography, Octanol.
692 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB87-116406/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Remaining Issues over Hazardous Waste Thermal
Destruction,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab,
E. T. Oppelt. Oct 86,20p EPA/600/D-86/243
Since 1980, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) has conducted extensive research to assess the
performance of hazardous waste thermal destruction
processes. Some members of the scientific and the
environmental action community remain concerned
about the long-term safety of the technology. The
issues most frequently raised pertain to the possibility
that harmful levels of heavy metals and incomplete
combustion by-products may still be emitted from ther-
mal destruction facilities that are otherwise meeting
the current RCRA standards. The paper will summa-
rize the most recent data on thermal destruction facility
performance with particular attention to metal and or-
ganic by-product emissions. Ongoing EPA research in
the area and in real-time monitoring will be discussed.
Real versus perceived concerns over thermal destruc-
tion will be put in perspective.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Air pollution,
'Waste disposal, Combustion products, Contami-
nants, Byproducts, Thermal degradation, Volatile or-
ganic compounds, Air sampling, Heavy metals.
PB87-116414/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hybrid Receptor Modeling,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
R. K. Stevens, and C. W. Lewis. Oct 86, 8p EPA/600/
D-86/238
A hybrid receptor model is a specified mathematical
procedure which uses not only the ambient species
concentration measurements that form the input data
for a pure receptor model, but in addition source emis-
sion rates or atmospheric dispersion or transformation
information characteristic of dispersion models. By uti-
lizing more information hybrid receptor modeling prom-
ises improved source apportionment estimates or,
more fundamentally, consideration of problems that
are inaccessible in terms of classical receptor model-
ing. Two examples of hybrid receptor models are re-
viewed to illustrate the variety in possible approaches.
Some hybrid receptor modeling results are given for
the comprehensive ambient-source meteorological
data base collected at Deep Creek, Maryland, during
summer 1983. By using source and ambient measure-
ments of selenium about 33% of the sulfate impact at
the receptor site during a day-time period can be asso-
ciated with emissions from a coal-fired power plant 50
KM upwind.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Atmospheric models, "Sul-
fates,	Atmospheric	chemistry,
Concentration(Composition), Aerosols, Sulfur dioxide,
Mathematical models, Transport properties, 'Atmos-
pheric dispersion.
PB87-116422/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Look at the Influence of Building Orientation on
Plume Dispersion in the Wake of a Building,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
A. H. Huber. Oct 86,8p EPA/600/D-86/241
Observations of mean pollutant concentration profiles
downwind of a block-sized model building are report-
ed. These data are part of a more comprehensive field
model study of building wake effects conducted in the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Fluid Model-
ing Facility. The study includes point measurements of
pollutant concentration, velocity, turbulence, and full
video images of smoke visualized plumes. The building
orientation can have a significant effect on the maxi-
mum ground-level concentrations near a building.
Slight angles were observed to result in the maximum
being increased by a factor of 2-3 at x=3H. Concen-
trations were only increased by a factor of 1.5 at
x = 10H. The pattern of concentrations can be well ex-
plained by expected enhanced turbulence, vortex flow,
and streamline convergence observed in previous
studies.
Keywords: "Plumes, 'Smoke, "Air pollution, Disper-
sion, Concentration(Composition), Buildings, "Atmos-
pheric dispersion.
PB87-116430/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Influence of Ozone on Pentobarbital Pharmaco-
kinetics in Mice. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
J. A. Graham, D. B. Menzel, M. L. Mole, F. J. Miller, and
D. E. Gardner. c1985,11p EPA/600/J-85/451
Pub. in Toxicology Letters 24, n2-3 p163-170 1985.
Prepared in cooperation with Duke Univ., Durham, Nc!
It had been shown that 3 to 5 hr exposures to ambient
concentrations of ozone (03) increase pentobarbital-
induced sleeping time in female mice, hamsters, and
rats without decreasing heptatic cytochrome P-450
levels or selected mixed function oxidases. To eluci-
date potential mechanisms involved, clearance of pen-
tobarbital from the blood of 03-exposed mice was ex-
amined. Pentobarbital clearance followed first-order
kinetics with a one-compartment model. Mice exposed
to 1960 micrograms per cu. m. (1ppm) for 5 hr had a
71 % increase in the plasma half-life of pentobarbital. It
therefore appears possible that pentobarbital-induced
sleeping time is increased due to a decrease in hepatic
metabolism of pentobarbital.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Drugs, "Ozone, Mice, Labo-
ratory animals, Reprints, 'Pentobarbital, 'Pharmoco-
kinetics.
PB87-116448/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Study of Operational Ultraviolet Disinfection
Equipment at Secondary Treatment Plants. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
S. C. White, E. B. Jernigan, and A. D. Venosa. c1986.
14p EPA/600/J-86/141
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
v58, n3 p181-192 Mar 86. Prepared in cooperation
with CRS Sirrine, Inc., Greenville, SC., and Montgom-
ery (James M.), Inc., Metairie, LA.
Over 120 facilities in the U.S. and Canada were sur-
veyed to identify operational status and characteristics
such as flowrates, equipment manufacturers, and up-
stream treatment processes. Six of these facilities
were then selected for on-site inspections. The objec-
tive of the site visits was to determine the factors that
contributed to the success or failure of UV disinfection.
Each plant was inspected and its performance data
were reviewed. The evaluation concluded that UV dis-
infection equipment design has been the key to tech-
nology effectiveness and that manufacturers' design
continue to evolve rapidly. Electrical and mechanical
difficulties often affected performance adversely.
Keywords: 'Ultraviolet equipment, "Sewage treat-
ment, Disinfection, United States, Canada, Surveys,
Operations, Flow rate, Sites, Performance evaluation,
Design, Inspection, Operations, Reprints, "Sewage
treatment plants.
PB87-116455/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Influence of Humic Substances on Photolysis of
Nitroaromatlc Compounds in Aqueous Systems.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
M. S. Simmons, and R. G. Zepp. c1986,8p EPA/600/
J-86/182
Pub. in Water Research, v20 n7 p899-9-4 Jul 86. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor.
Dept. of Environmental and Industrial Health.
Results are reported for kinetic studies of the photoly-
sis of 19 nitroaromatlc compounds in water. The re-
sults indicate that dissolved humic substances in natu-
ral waters enhance the sunlight-induced photodegra-
dation rates of nitrobenzenes, nitrotoluenes, and ni-
troxylenes compared to rates observed in distilled
water. The largest enhancements, ranging from 2 to
26-fold, were observed for nitroaromatics that are
methylated ortho to the nitro group. Similar enhance-
ment effects were observed for humic substances ob-
tained from a variety of terrigenous sources, including
humus in natural waters and humus extracted from
soils.
Keywords: "Water, "Photolysis, "Nitrobenzenes
Water pollution, Nitro compounds, Aromatic com-
pounds, Reaction kinetics, Contaminants, Reprints
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-116463/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Continuous, Ori-Ltne Interface for Reverse-Phase
Microbore High-Performance Liquid Chromatog-
raphy/Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Trans-
form Analysis. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
M. A. Castles, L. V. Azarraga, and L. A. Carreira.
C1986,10p EPA/600/J-86/183
Pub. in Applied Spectroscopy, v40, n5 p673-680 Jul
86. Prepared in cooperation with Georgia Univ.,
Athens. Dept. of Chemistry.
An ultrasonic nebulizer with a piezo-electric transducer
and a newly designed and constructed continuous on-
line collection station have been adapted as an inter-
face between a reverse-phase microbore high-per-
formance liquid chromatograph (RP (mu)HPLC) and a
diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spec-
trometer. The collection station incorporated a direc-
tional vacuum port for confinement of the nebulized
material onto a small area (3 to 5 mm i.d.) of the dia-
mond powder. The inherent desolvation that occurs
upon nebulization of the reverse-phase eluant, along
with the vacuum collection system and the diamond
powder diffuse reflectance substrate, makes possible
the continuous on-line collection and FT-IR analysis of
the compounds separated by a RP-(mu)HPLC without
any type of initial solute extraction. (Copyright (c) 1986
Society for Applied Spectroscopy.)
Keywords: 'Spectroscopic analysis, Chemical analy-
sis, Infrared spectroscopy, Reprints, High performance
liquid chromatography, Fourier transform spectrosco-
py
PB87-116471/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Compound 1060: Special Review Position Docu-
ment 4.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jul 85,88p* EPA/540/9-87/118
The Position Document 4 (PD 4) concludes the Rebut-
table Presumption Against Registration (RPAR) proc-
ess for Sodium Monofluoroacetate, commonly called
'Compound 1080. Compound 1080 (1080) is currently
useid as a rodenticide on rangelands, croplands, and
nonagricultural sites. Prior to 1972, 1080 was also
used for predator control, principally for coyotes. In
1872, the predacidal uses of 1080 were cancelled. The
RPAR document addresses only the rodenticidal uses
of 1080.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
"Toxicology, Toxicity, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory
animals, Exposure, Physiological effects, Regulations,
Fluorine organic compounds, Rodenticides, 'Toxic
substances, 'Compound 1080, Health risks, Pesticide
residues, Path of pollutants, Mutagenesis, Acetic acid/
fluoro-(sodium-salt), Oncogenesis, Bioaccumulatlon.
P007-116489/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 100: Azlnphos-
methyl (Quthlon).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Sep 86,10p EPA/540/FS-87/116
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, Including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, In-
secticide, Agricultural products, 'Toxic substances,
'AZinphos methyl, Path of pollutants, Chemical infor-
mation fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings,
Phosohorodithioate/((benzotriazinyl)-methyl)-
rtmethyl, CAS 86-50-0.
¦M7.116497/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
pKllriilt Fact Sheet Number 99: Proparglte.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Sep 66,12p EPA/540/FS-87 /115
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, Acaricides, 'Toxic substances, *Sul-
fite/((butylphenoxy)-cyclohexyl)-propynyi, Path of pol-
lutants, Chemical information fact sheet, Use patterns.
Science findings, Propargite, CAS 2312-35-8.
PB87-116505/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 96: Dlazinon.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 86, 7p EPA/540/FS-87/113
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, 'Toxic substances, 'Diazinon, Path
of pollutants, Chemical information fact sheet, Use
patterns, Science findings, Phosphorothioate/flsopro-
pyl-methyl-pyrimidinyl)-diethyl, CAS 333-41-5.
PB87-116513/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 98: Methyl Bromide.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
22 Aug 86,9p EPA/540/FS-87 /114
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate neea for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, "Toxic substances, 'Bromide/
methyl, Path of pollutants, Chemical information fact
sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, Methane/
bromo, CAS 74-83-9.
PB87-118521/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 69.1: Aluminum
Phosphide.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
8 Oct 86,6p EPA/540/FS-87/111
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology,
'Toxic substances, 'Phosphide/aluminum, Path of
pollutants, Chemical information fact sheet, Use pat-
terns, Science findings, CAS 20859-73-8.
PBB7-116539/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 66.1: Magnesium
Phosphide.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
8 Oct 86, 6p EPA/540/FS-87/110
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials. Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Fu-
migants, Rodent control, Agricultural products, 'Toxic
substances, 'Phosphide/magnesium, Path of pollut-
ants, Chemical information fact sheet, Use patterns,
Science findings, CAS 12057-74-8.
PB87-116547/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 95: 1,3-Dlehloropro-
pene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office ol Pesticide Programs.
Sep 86,10p EPA/540/FS-87/112
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology,
Chlorinated hydrocarbons, Agricultural products,
'Toxic substances, 'Propylene/dichloro, Path of pol-
lutants, Chemical information fact sheet, Use patterns,
Science findings, CAS 542-75-6.
PB87-116562/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Methodology for Analysis of Detention Basins for
Control of Urban Runoff Quality. Final rept.,
Woodward-Clyde Consultants, Walnut Creek, CA.
E. D. Driscoll, D. DiToro, D. Gaboury, and P. Shelley.
Sep 86,72p EPA/440/5-87/001
Contract EPA-68-01-6998
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Water Regulations and
Standards.
The report describes an analysis methodology and
presents graphs and example computations to guide
planning level evaluations and design decisions on two
techniques for urban runoff quality control. The control
techniques addressed, recharge or infiltration devices,
and wet pond detention devices, were shown to be the
most consistently effective methods of pollutant re-
duction of any of the Best Management Practices
(BMP) approaches evaluated in the recent Nationwide
Urban Runoff Program study.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Water pollution control, 'Urban
areas, Civil engineering, Fluid infiltration,
Lagoons(Ponds), Mathematical models, Combined
sewers, Overflows, Flow rate, Percolation,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Sedimentation tanks, Set-
tling basins, Diagrams, Graphs(Charts), Storm water
runoff. Urban hydrology. Best management practices.
PB87-116570/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 87: Copper Sulfate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
21 Mar 86,9p EPA/540/FS-87/041
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Copper sulfates, Hazardous
materials, Chemical properties, Regulations, Toxicol-
ogy, Ecology, Herbicides, Fungicides, Agricultural
products, "Toxic substances, Path of pollutants,
Chemical information fact sheet, Use patterns, Sci-
ence findings, CAS 1344-73-6.
PB87-116588/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 28: Linuron.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Jun 84, 9p EPA/540/FS-87/076
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Her-
bicides, Agricultural products, "Toxic substances,
"Linuron, Path of pollutants, Chemical information fact
sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, Urea/((dichloro-
phenyl)-methoxy)-methyl, CAS 330-55-2.
PB87-116596/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 25: Carbophenoth-
ion.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Jun 84, 7p EPA/540/FS-87/033
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, In-
secticides, Acarides, Agricultural products.
PB87-116604/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 53: Metrlbuzin.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Jun 85,12p EPA/540/FS-87/078
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, "Toxic substances, "Metribuzin,
Path of pollutants, Chemical information fact sheet,
Use patterns, Science findings, Triazine/(dimethy-
lethyl-methylthio), CAS 21097-64-9
694 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB87-116612/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 72: Monocrotophos.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Sep 85, 10p EPA/540/FS-87/080
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, "Toxic substances, "Monocroto-
phos, Path of pollutants, Chemical information fact
sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, CAS 6923-22-4.
PB87-116620/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Phosmet as the Active Ingre-
dient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 86,180p EPA/540/RS-87/107
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, Ecology,
Manufacturing, Toxicology, "Reregistration, "Toxic
substances, Phosmet, Phosphorodithioate/((N-mer-
captomethyl)-phthalimide)-dimethyl, Federal Insecti-
cide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, CAS 732-11 -6.
PB87-116638/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Functional Responses of Laboratory Mlcroeco-
systems to Chemicals from Three Structural
Groups,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. D. Yount, and L. J. Shannon. Oct 86,31 p EPA/600/
D-86/239
Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Univ.-Duluth.
Dept. of Biology.
Generic mixed-flask culture microecosystems derived
from small lake and pond planktonic communities
were used to evaluate the effects of selected alcohols,
aniline derivatives, and aromatic amides on ecosys-
tem-level state variables. The biogeochemical state of
the systems was characterized by pH and dissolved
oxygen, which reflect energy flow and nutrient cycling
processes within the systems. Using changes in these
variables as indicators of effect, the relative toxicity
rankings of compounds within each group were deter-
mined and compared with the toxicity rankings estab-
lished by fathead minnow acute toxicity. The ecosys-
tem-level relative toxicity of three alcohols followed
the toxicity rankings based on fathead minnow 96 hr
LOEL's (lowest observed effect levels). The toxicity
rankings of aniline and three derivatives were similar to
those of the alcohols. In both alcohols and anilines,
ecosystem-level effect measures became more sensi-
tive than fathead minnow lethality toward the least
toxic member of the group. These examples can be
considered representative of situations that might be
encountered in an early stage of ecosystem-level test-
ing.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Anilines, "Alcohols, Hazardous
materials, pH, Aquatic animals, Planktons, Minnows,
Oxygen, Concentration(Composition), "Ecosystems,
"Environmental effects, Decanol, Octanol, Hexanol,
Aniline/tetrachloro, Aniline/hexyloxyaniline, Aniline/
diisopropyl, Acetanilide/octyloxy, Salicylanilide,
Diuron, CAS 112-30-1, CAS 111-87-5, CAS 111-27-3,
CAS 3481-20-7, CAS 39905-57-2, CAS 24544-04-5,
CAS 62-53-3, CAS 87-17-2, CAS 33-05-4.
PB87-116646/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Metal Salt Mixtures on 'Daphnia magna'
Reproduction. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
K. E. Biesinger, G. M. Christensen, and J. T. Fiandt
1986,8p EPA/600/J-86/142
Pub. in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 11
p9-14 Feb 86.
Three binary metal experiments were conducted using
a 'complete block design', testing the chlorides of Cd,
Hg, and Zn individually and in combinations of Cd-Hg]
Cd-Zn, and Zn-Hg on Daphnia magna reproduction!
These mixtures were tested at one-half, once and
twice the 16 percent reproductive impairment concen-
tration previously determined for individual metals. The
Cd-Hg, Cd-Zn, and Zn-Hg mixtures all showed signifi-
cant reductions in reproduction at concentrations
where the metal salts alone caused no significant
effect.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Toxicology,
"Reproduction(Biology),	Toxicity!
Concentration(Composition),	Cadmium
Mercury(Metals), Zinc, Metals, Aquatic animals, Expo-
sure, Reprints, "Daphnia magna, "Heavy metals,
Binary mixtures.
PB87-116653/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Influence of Coagulation on Removal of Organics
by Granular Activated Carbon. Journal article,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis.
M. J. Semmens, A. B. Staples, G. Hohenstein, and G.
E. Norgaard. C1986,8p EPA/600/J-86/181
Grant EPA-R-806377
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association, v78 n8
p80-84, Aug 86. Prepared in cooperation with Minne-
sota Mining and Mfg. Co., St. Paul, and Pace Labs.,
Inc., Minneapolis, MN. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering
Research Lab.
Coagulation of Mississippi River water improved the
removal of total organic carbon (TOC) and trihalo-
methane precursors by granular activated carbon. The
increased removal is thought to be due to the reduc-
tions in TOC and in poorly adsorbed higher-molecular-
weight organics that are achieved by coagulation. A
cost analysis Indicated that very high coagulant dos-
ages would be needed during pretreatment to mini-
mize the overall costs of chemical treatment.
Keywords: "Mississippi River, 'Organic compounds,
•Activated carbon treatment, Coagulation, Methane,
Removal, Concentration(Composition), Alums, Ad-
sorption, Effectiveness, Dosage, Halogen organic
compounds, Reprints, Halomethane, Fotal organic
carbon, Pre-treatment water.
PB87-116661/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Developing and Applying the Water Supply Simu-
lation Model. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. M. Clark, and R. M. Males. c1986,7p EPA/600/J-
86/180
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association, v78 n8
p61-65 Aug 86. Prepared in cooperation with RMM
Technical Services, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
The Water Supply Simulation Model is a series of com-
puter programs that allow for evaluation of the physical
and .economic characteristics of a water distribution
system in a spatial framework. Development of the
model and its application to the water supply system of
the village of New Vienna, Ohio, are described.
Keywords: "Water distribution, "Water supply, "Hy-
draulic models, Distribution systems, Public utilities
Regulations, Mathematical models, Cost analysis'
Water pipelines, Water storage, Schematic diagrams'
Maps, Computer programming, Ohio, Reprints, Com-
puter applications, WSSM model, New Vienna(Ohio).
PB87-116679/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Use of Gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane (Lindane)
to Determine the Ontogeny of Metabolism in the
Developing Rat. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianatn
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
M. F. Copeland, R. W. Chadwick, N. Cooke, D. A.
Whitehouse, and D. M. Hill. 1986,18p EPA/600/J-86/
179
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health
18, p521-542 1986.
The compound lindane has been used as a model sub-
strate to study the ontogeny of metabolism in the de-
veloping Fischer 344 rat. The distribution and metabol-
ic fate of the model substrate at 2, 9, 16, and 23 days
of age was investigated following subcutaneous ad-
ministration of 20 mg/kg of lindane containing 0.5
micro Ci (U14C)-lindane in peanut oil. Groups of ten
pups (5 male and 5 female) were sacrificed at 4 hr in-
tervals during the 24 hr period following dosing. Adren-
als, blood, brain, heart, lung, liver, and kidneys were
analyzed for radioactivity. Urine samples were ana-
lyzed for radioactivity and metabolites of lindane.
There was a significant age dependent increase in the
metabolism of lindane in the rat. High levels of radioac-
tivity in the lung and increased reductive dechlorination
suggest that the lung may play a greater role in metab-
olism of lindane by young rats. Oxidative phase I reac-
tions increased significantly while anaerobic reductive
dechlorination of lindane to 4-chlorophenylmercapturic
acid decreased significantly with age.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, "Toxicology, Bioassay, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Rats, Laboratory animals,
Reprints, 'Lindane, 'Cyclohexane/hexachloro.
PB87-11S687/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
LORAN-C Tetroon Transponder and Tracking
System. Final rept.,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Idaho Falls, ID. Air Resources Lab.
K. L. Clawson, E. F. Pound, C. R. Dickson, and G, E.
Start. Oct 86,65p EPA/600/3-86/060
Prepared in cooperation with E.F.P. Co., Logan, UT.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
An advanced system for tracking multiple regional
scale Lagrangian markers was developed. The system
consists of a miniature tetroon-borne transponder and
a small computerized receiving station capable of pro-
viding continuous real-time data on tetroon location
(latitude/longitude) and altitude. The transponder con-
sists of a telemetry subsystem, a LORAN-C receiver,
and a 403 MHz transmitter. The telemetry subsystem
measures atmospheric temperature and pressure,
converts the data into frequencies, and then transmits
these data together with a transponder ID frequency to
a remote receiving station. Multiple tetroons can be
discriminated at a range of up to 160 km. The trans-
ponder weighs less than 365 g and can be flown on a
cub m tetroon. Battery life is 2 to 6 days. The data ac-
quisition system consists of an FM receiver, a LORAN-
C navigator, a frequency to digital converter, and a
microcomputer. The receiving station can be ground-
based or mounted in a single engine aircraft.
Keywords: *Tracking(Position), "Transponders, Con-
verters, Telemetry, Recievers, Transmitters, Electric
batteries, Data aquisition systems, Navigator, Bal-
loons, "Tetroons.
PB87-116695/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Using Chlorine Dioxide for Trihaiomethane Con-
trol. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
B. W. Lykins, and M. H. Griese. c1986,8p EPA/600/J-
86/140
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association, v78 n6
~88-93 Jun 86. Prepared in cooperation with Evans-
ville Water and Sewer Utility, IN.
Because of the November 1979 amendment to the
National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations,
many utilities were faced with changing their disinfec-
tion practices to comply with the 0.10-mg/L maximum
contaminant level for trihalomethanes (THMs). After
considering various options, one utility, the Evansville
(Ind.) Water and Sewer Utility, chose chlorine dioxide
disinfection as the most feasible method for controlling
THMs. The performance of a 100-gpm (6.3-L/s) pilot
plant that incorporated chlorine dioxide was so effec-
tive tor reducing THMs that it has been used in Evans-
ville's full-scale plant since 1983. (Copyright (c) Jour-
nal of American Water Works Association, 1986.)
Keywords: "Water treatment, "Water pollution control,
"Potable water. Chlorine inorganic compounds,
Concentration(Composition), Disinfectants, Sewage
treatment, Reprints, "Chlorine dioxide, "Halometh-
anes.
PB87-116703/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Prediction ot Multicomponent Adsorption Equilib-
ria in Background Mixtures of Unknown Composi-
tion. Journal article,
Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton.
J. C. Crittenden, P. Luft, and D. W. Hand. C1985,15p
EPA/600/J-85/454
Pub. in Water Research, v19 n12 p1537-1548 1985.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
A technique has been developed to predict the ad-
sorption equilibria of known organic solutes onto
granular activated carbon (GAC) in mixtures of un-
known composition. Ideal adsorbed solution theory
(IAST) was used to describe the competitive interac-
tions between adsorbates. Theoretical components
(TCs) were used in IAST calculations to account for
the competitive effects of the unknown mixture. The
TC isotherm parameters and concentrations were de-
termined by conducting a multicomponent isotherm of
a tracer component which is added to the unknown
mixture or singled out of the unknown mixture. Once
the TC parameters were determined, the identical pa-
rameters were used to predict the competitive interac-
tions between any known component and the un-
known mixture. This procedure was verified experi-
mentally for two activated carbons, three synthetic
mixtures and a contaminated groundwater. The organ-
ic solutes were halogenated one and two carbon ali-
phatics which are common groundwater contami-
nants. (Copyright (c) 1985 Pergamon Press Ltd.)
Keywords: "Water pollution control, Adsorption,
Ground water, Contaminants, Reprints, "Volatile or-
ganic compounds, Granular activated carbon.
PB87-116711/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Public Whirlpools - The Epidemiology and Micro-
biology of Disease. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
E. E. Geldreich, A. K. Highsmith, and W. J. Martone.
C1985,4p EPA/600/J-85/453
Pub. in Jnl. of Infection Control, v6 n10 p392-393 Oct
85. Prepared in cooperation with Centers for Disease
Control, Atlanta, GA.
The seminar provided a forum to discuss public health
concerns related to whirlpool use such as pool oper-
ation; clinical and epidemiologic aspects of disease as-
sociated with whirlpool use, including host factors;
characteristics of microorganisms isolated from whirl-
pools and bathers; and public health implications of
whirlpool use. This editorial introduces the following
collection of papers, which resulted from that seminar.
Keywords: Public health, Epidemiology, Infectious dis-
eases, Reprints, "Whirlpools.
PB87-116729/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Simulating Cost and Quality in Water Distribution.
Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. M. Clark, and R. M. Males. C1985,14p EPA/600/J-
85/452
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Resources and Planning and
Management Division, American Society of Civil Engi-
neers, vl 11 n4 p454-466 Oct 86. Prepared in coopera-
tion with RMM Technical Services, Inc., Cincinnati,
OH.
A spatial approach that disaggregates the water
supply system into the components of acquisition-
treatment and transmission-distribution, allows these
components to be studied in isolation and in combina-
tion. Each of these components has different cost and
physical functions ana the cost and performance
trade-offs between these functions can provide impor-
tant insights into regionalizatlon and cost-related
issues. The Water Supply Simulation Model (WSSM)
described In the paper is a system of computer pro-
grams that allows for an evaluation of the physical and
economic characteristics of a water distribution
system in a spatial framework. The development of the
model and its application to a case study situation is
presented.
Keywords: "Cost analysis, "Water distribution, "Water
supply, Mathematical models, Distribution systems,
Water supply, Demand(Economics), Hydraulics, Com-
puter programming, Fortran, Reprints, WSSM model,
Trade offs, Computer applications.
PB87-116737/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Laboratory Observations of Plume Deformations
in Neutral Flow over a Three-Dimensional Hill,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
W. H. Snyder, and R. E. Lawson. Oct 86,8p EPA/600/
D-86/140
A series of wind-tunnel measurements was made in a
simulated atmospheric boundary layer of plume char-
acteristics in flat terrain and over a three-dimensional
hill. Effluent was released at a number of elevations,
upwind distances, and positions laterally offset from
the centerplane defined by the wind direction and the
center of the hill. Sufficient concentration measure-
ments were made to enable the construction of plume
cross sections at the downwind position of the hill
center and, in a few cases, at the upwind base of the
hill. These data were analyzed to provide the desired
information on horizontal and vertical plume deflec-
tions and deformations over the hill.
Keywords: "Plumes, Atmospheric boundary layer, At-
mospheric chemistry, Concentration(Composition).
PB87-116745/HSU	PC A98/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Handbook for Stabilization/Solidification of Haz-
ardous Wastes,
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS. Environmental Lab.
M. J. Cullinane, L. W. Jones, and P. G. Malone. Jun 86,
170p EPA/540/2-86/001
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The handbook provides designers and reviewers of re-
medial action plans with the information and general
guidance necessary to judge the feasibility of stabiliza-
tion/solidification technology for the control of pollut-
ant migration from hazardous waste disposed of on
land. Topics addressed include the chemical basis for
stabilization/solidification technology, physical and
chemical characterization of untreated wastes, selec-
tion of stabilization/solidification processes, bench-
scale and pilot-scale testing, full-scale treatment oper-
ations, quality control, safety, environmental consider-
ations, costs of reagents, and typical equipment.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Stabilization, 'So-
lidification, 'Land pollution, Solubility, Cements, En-
capsulating, Thermoplastic resins, Feasibility, "Reme-
dial actions, "Solid waste disposal, Leaching, Environ-
mental transport.
PB87-116802/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Technology Evaluation of the Dual Digestion
System. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
A. R. Appleton, and A. D. Venosa. c1986,12p EPA/
600/J-86/150
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
v58, n7 p764-773 Jul 86. Prepared in cooperation with
Montgomery (James M.), Inc., Reston, VA.
Full-scale performance and costs of an innovative
sludge stabilization process were evaluated at the
three plants. The DDS incorporates a 1-day-detention-
time, pure oxygen aerobic digester followed in series
by an 8-day-detention-time anaerobic digester. Heat of
biological oxidation is conserved in the aerobic step;
additional heat input is not required for the anaerobic
step. The biogas generated by anaerobic digestion is
usable elsewhere to help offset oxygen costs. Aerobic
operation can be either mesophilic or thermophilic.
Process operation, reliability, solids reduction, and
capital and operating costs were evaluated.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Stabilization, "Sludge digestion, "Activat-
ed sludge process, Aerobic processes, Heat, Anaero-
bic processess, Oxidation, Oxygen, Biogas, Schematic
diagrams, Reliability, Operating costs, Solids, Reprints.
PB87-116810/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC,
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Subtitle D (of the Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act) Study Phase 1 Report. Final rept.
Alliance Technologies Corp., Bedford, MA.
Oct 86, 253p EPA/530/SW-86/054
Contract EPA-68-01-6871
Prepared in cooperation with Booz-Allen and Hamil-
ton, Inc., Bethesda, MD. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response.
The report summarizes the data gathered in Phase 1
of EPA's Subtitle D study being completed in response
to the 1984 Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments.
The study includes information on characteristics and
management practices of nonhazardous (Subtitle D)
wastes, characteristics of Subtitle D land disposal fa-
cilities, and State Subtitle D regulatory programs. Rec-
ommendations for Phase 2 study efforts are also pre-
sented in the report. Phase 2 will culminate in the sub-
mission of a report to Congress by November 1987.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, Management, Indus-
trial wastes, Municipalities, Residential buildings.
Sludge, Agricultural wastes, Mining, Oils, Earth fills,
Design, Operations, State government, Public health,
Law enforcement, Tables(Data), Hazardous and Solid
Waste Amendments of 1984, "Land application,
Leachate, "Impoundments.
PB87-116943/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH,
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Microbial Decomposition of Chlorinated Aromatic
Compounds. Research rept.,
IT Corp., Knoxville, TN.
M. L. Rochkind, J. W. Blackburn, and G. S. Sayler. Sep
86, 285p EPA/600/2-86/090
Contract EPA-68-03-3074
Prepared in cooperation with Tennessee Univ., Knox-
ville. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Re-
search Lab.
The report was initiated because of a need to bring to-
gether a review of the literature pertaining to microbial
metabolism of chlorinated aromatic compounds. Most
attention has been given to reports of bacterial, fungal,
and cyanobacterial pathways of substrate degradation
where metabolites or endproducts have been identi-
fied. in addition to separate chapters on each class of
chlorinated aromatic compounds, reviews of microbial
physiology, genetics, and methods of biodegradation
assessment are included. The review indicates that
many factors are involved in assessing the biodegra-
dability of a compound. Not enough information is
presently available to permit extrapolation from one
environment to another or to utilize data on a similar
compound to assess the biodegradability potential of a
given substrate.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Chlorine aromatic
compounds, "Pesticides, Metabolism, Biodeteriora-
tion, Genetics, Bacteria, Enzymes, "Herbicides,
"Microorganisms, "Biodegradation, DNA, Dibenzofur-
ans, Dioxins, Reaction mechanisms.
PB87-117172/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Aluminum or Magnesium
Phosphide as the Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
8 Oct 86, 257p EPA/540/RS-87/109
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
reqister under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by trA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials. Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, Ecology,
Manufacturing, Toxicology, Inorganic compounds,
"Reregistration, "Toxic substances, "Phosphide/mag-
nesium, "Phosphide/aluminum, Federal Insecticide
Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, Environmental fate,
CAS 20859-73-8, CAS 12057-74-8.
PB87-117198/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 101: Phosmet.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC,
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1 Oct 86,11 p EPA/540/ FS-87/117
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials. Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, "Toxic substances, "Phosnet, Path
of pollutants, Chemical information fact sheet, Use
patterns, Science findings, Phosphorodithioate/(((N-
(mercaptomethyl))-phthalimide)-S-dimethyl), CAS 732-
11-6.
PB87-117412/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
STARA (Studies on Toxicity Applicable to Risk
Assessment) Toxicity Data Base. Environmental re-
search brief,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
C. B. Farren, and R. C. Hertzberg. Sep 86, 9p EPA/
600/M-86/016
The Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office of
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
developed a toxicity data base to aid in the develop-
ment of risk assessment methodologies and the as-
sessment of health hazards from hazardous waste
sites and chemical spills. The data base currently con-
tains detailed animal toxicity data on nearly 200 chemi-
cals and epidemiologic data on 30 chemicals. All rele-
vant publications and original research articles de-
scribing the toxicity of a specific chemical were exam-
ined. Useful dose-effect data were extracted and en-
coded, and entered into EPA's IBM computer. Graphic
summaries are generated by plotting exposure level
vs. exposure duration. Statistical models to calculate
human equivalent dose and duration have been pro-
grammed into the data base so that data on several
species can be displayed on a single graph.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Hazardous materials, Epidemiol-
ogy, Public health, Risks, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), "Toxic
substances, 'Chemical spills, "Health hazards, Maxi-
mum permissible dose, STARA data base.
PB87-117420/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Hydrogen Sul-
fide, Review Draft,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
H. M. Ammann, F. Bradow, D. Fennell, R. Griffin, and
B. Kearney. Aug 86,96p EPA/600/8-86/026A
Hydrogen sulfide is a highly toxic gas which is immedi-
ately lethal in concentrations greater than 2000 ppm.
The toxic end-point is due to anoxia to brain and heart
tissues which results from its interaction with the cel-
luar enzyme cytochrome oxidase. Inhibition of the
enzyme halts oxidative metabolism which is the pri-
mary energy source for cells. A second toxic end-point
is the irritative effect of hydrogen sulfide on mucous
membranes, particularly edema at sub-lethal doses
(250 to 500 ppm) in which sufficient exposure occurs
before conciousness is lost. Recovered victims of ex-
posure report neurologic symptoms such as head-
ache, fatigue, irritability, vertigo, and loss of libido.
Long-term effects are similar to those caused by
anoxia due to other toxic agents like CO, and probably
are not due to specific H2S effects. H2S is not a cumu-
lative poison. No mutagenic, carcinogenic, reproduc-
tive or teratogenic effects have been reported in the lit-
erature.
Keywords: "Hydrogen sulfide, "Environmental sur-
veys, "Hazardous materials, "Toxicology, "Public
health, Air pollution, Assessments, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Symptoms, Physical
properties, Chemical properties, Epidemiology, "Toxic
substances, "Health risks, Fate of pollutants, Bioaccu-
mulation, Path of pollutants.
PB87-117438/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Proceedings of Stormwater and Water Quality
Model Users Group Meeting, March 24-25, 1986,
Orlando, Florida,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
T. O. Barnwell, and W. C. Huber. Sep 86, 344p EPA/
600/9-86/023
See also PB85-228302.
The proceedings includes 22 papers on topics related
to the development and application of computer-
based mathematical models for water quality and
quantity management. Several papers deal with using
stormwater and water quality models on microcomput-
ers and interfacing microcomputer software such as
spread sheets and data base managers with these
models. Specific programs discussed include the
Storm Water Management Model, DABRO, HSPF, a
simplified water quality program, HAZPRED, QUAl-
TX, and OTTSWMM. Other papers discuss statistical
properties of point and nonpoint pollutant sources,
particularly highway runoff and the effectiveness of de-
tention/retention basins for mitigating pollution. Two
papers discuss trophic state models in lakes and res-
ervoirs.
Keywords: "Runoff, "Water pollution, "Meetings,
Mathematical models, Water quality management,
Highways, Lakes, Reservoirs, Computer programming,
Phosphorus, Catch basins, Hydrology, Floods, Fortran,
"Storm water runoff, Microcomputers, DABRO model,
HSPF model, Computer applications.
PB87-117461/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 41: Cyanazlne.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
31 Dec 84,11p EPA/540/FS-87/043
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need lor information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Her-
bicides, Agricultural products, "Toxic substances,
"Cyanazine, Path of pollutants, Chemical information
fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, CAS
21725-46-2.
PB87-117479/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Plant Architecture and Resource Competition,
Utah State Univ., Logan.
M. M. Caldwell. Oct 86,41p EPA/600/D-86/244
Grant EPA-R-808167
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab
OR.
In a broad sense, successful persistence in a plant
community involves not only the immediate competi-
tion for resources such as light or soil nitrogen, but
also processes such as effective dispersal of propa-
gules and their successful establishment. In the longer
term, successful species must also be able to accom-
modate changes in the environment such as climatic
alterations. Although plant structure plays a significant
role in phenomena such dispersal, the chapter focuses
only on the role of plant architecture in the immediate
competition for resources between neighboring plants
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Plant growth, "Landscaping, Competition,
Light(Visible radiation), Soil fertility, Nitrogen, Climatic
changes, Grasses, Concepts, Plant communities.
PB87-117560/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 74: Perfluldone.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC,
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Sep 85,9p EPA/540/FS-87/086
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued alter one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Her-
bicides, Agricultural products, "Toxic substances,
•Perfluldone, Path of pollutants, Chemical information
fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, Sulfona-
mide/((N-(methyl-(phenylsulfonyl)-phenyl))-trifluoro)-
methane, CAS 37924-13-2.
PB87-117578/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 50: Pendlmethalln.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
31 Mar 85,13p EPA/540/FS-87/085
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Her-
bicides, Agricultural products, "Toxic substances,
"Pendimethalin, Path of pollutants, Chemical informa-
tion fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, Ben-
zenamine/N-(ethylpropyl)-dimethyl-dinitro, CAS
40487-42-1.
PB87-117586/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 48: Plcloram.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
31 Mar 85, 7p EPA/540/FS-87/088
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Her-
bicides, Agricultural products, "Toxic substances, "Pi-
cloram, Path of pollutants, Chemical information fact
sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, Picolinic acid/
amino-(trichloro), CAS 1918-02-1.
PB87-117685/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
2,4,5-T: Position Document 2/3.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
9 Jul 79, 119p" EPA/540/9-87/122
See also PB80-212665.
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Pesticides,
"Toxicology, Toxicity, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory
animals, Exposure, Physiological effects, Regulations,
Herbicides, Chlorine organic compounds, "Toxic sub-
stances, *T 2-4-5 herbicides, Health risks, Pesticide
residues, Path of pollutants, Mutagenesis, Acetic acid/
trichlorophenoxy, Oncogenesis, Bioaccumulation.
PB87-117743/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Costs of Air Pollution Abatement Systems for
Sewage Sludge Incinerators. Final rept.,
Montgomery (James M.), Inc., Pasadena, CA.
G. Annamraju, V. M. Shah, and M. L. Arora. Nov 86,
68p EPA/600/2-86/102
Contract EPA-68-03-1821
Prepared in cooperation with PEI Associates, Inc., Cin-
cinnati, OH. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research
Lab.
Capital and annual costs were calculated for applying
six different air pollution control systems to municipal
sewage sludge incinerators that were using multiple-
hearth furnaces. The systems involved three principal
types of air pollution equipment-wet scrubbers, fabric
filters, and electrostatic precipitators-applied to three
different plant sizes (plants incinerating 36, 72, and
300 tons of dry sludge per day in one, two, and eight
multiple-hearth furnaces, respectively). Technical fea-
sibility studies indicated that all three types of controls
could achieve a total particulate removal efficiency of
99 percent.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, "Inciner-
ators, Cost, Sewage treatment, Electrostatic precipita-
tors, Sludge disposal, Filters, "Sewage sludge, Fabric
filters, Scrubbers.
PB87-117784/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
Fourth NCI/EPA/NIOSH Collaborative Workshop:
Interaction between Normal Human Diploid Cells
and Chemical Carcinogens/Mutagens 'In vitro',
Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
S. L. Huang, and M. D. Waters. Oct 86, 34p EPA/600/
D-86/246
Contract EPA-68-02-4031
See also PB84-184910. Sponsored by Health Effects
Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC. Genetic
Toxicology Div.
Benzo(a)pyrene was demonstrated to be an effective
mutagenic agent in cultured human cells when it was
subjected to metabolic activation by S-9 rat liver micro-
somes. Although dose-dependent response curves
were nonlinear, a very strong direct relationship was
demonstrated between mutation frequency at the
HPRT locus and the formation of B(a)P-DNA adducts.
Southern Blot analysis demonstrated that mutant cell
lines often contained major chromosome alterations at
the HPRT locus, either deletions or rearrangement.
Among three restriction endonucleases evaluated,
Hind 111 was most efficient at detecting DNA alter-
ations. Spontaneous mutants and gamma-ray-induced
mutants both displayed similar proportions of DNA al-
terations of various kinds, suggesting that mutation
events are approximately random at this locus. All
mutant cell lines which are determined to have major
DNA alterations had no or very low HPRT enzyme ac-
tivity. Those mutant lines which could not be demon-
strated to have substantial rearrangements or dele-
tions had low, but measurable, enzyme activity.
Keywords: "Ceils(Biology), Interactions, In vitro analy-
sis. Detection, 'Carcinogenesis, "Mutagenesis.
PB87-117883/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Single Versus Split Doses of Diethyini-
trosamine on the Induction of Gamma-Qlutamyl-
transpeptldase-Foci in the Livers of Adult and Ju-
venile Rats. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
S. L. Herren-Freund, M. A. Pereira, R. E. Long, and M.
M. Khoury. c1986,6p EPA/600/J-86/169
Pub. in Carcinogenesis, v7 n7 p1107-1110 Jul 86. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Pathology Associates, Inc.,
Cincinnati, OH.
The induction of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase
(GGT)-foci by single and by split doses of diethylnitro-
samine (DENA) was evaluated in the livers of juvenile
and young adult male, Sprague-Dawley rats. A single
dose of DENA was administered at either 32,41 or 52
days of age and followed by a promoting regimen of
sodium phenobarbital in the drinking water. In 32 day
old rats, DENA resulted in a higher incidence of
GGTfoci/cu.cm. than were observed when it was ad-
ministered to 41 or 46 day old rats. The same dose of
DENA was inactive in 52 or 60 day old rats. In rats initi-
ated with DENA on day 32 of age, starting the pheno-
barbital promotion at 41 days of age resulted in a
higher incidence of GGT-foci than when the phenobar-
bital treatment was begun at 60 days of age. When the
dose of DENA was split into 5 daily doses of DENA
starting on day 32 of age, the incidence of GGT-foci/
cu.cm. was equivalent to the single dose given on day
32 of age.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Liver, Rats, Laboratory ani-
mals, Dosage, Reprints, Nitrosamine/diethyl, GGT,
DENA.
PB87-117891/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Dominant Lethal Assay of Chlordecone and Its
Distribution In the Male Reproductive Tissues of
the Rat. Journal article,
Virginia Commonwealth Univ., Richmond. Dept. of
Pharmacology and Toxicology.
G. S. Simon, J. L. Egle, R. W. Dougherty, and J. F.
Borzelleca. c1986,11 p EPA/600/ J-86/168
Grant EPA-R-804290	„
Pub. in Toxicology Letters 30, p237-245 Mar 86. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Male rats received 3.6 or 11.4 mg/kg/day of chlorde-
cone orally for 5 days. Some statistically significant
events were seen in the reproductive data of females
mated to males receiving chlordecone. However,
these events did not follow a consistent pattern and do
not suggest the conclusion that chlordecone causes
dominant lethal effects. Male rats received a single
oral dose (40 mg/kg) of chlordecone and were killedat
1, 2, 3, 5, 7,14 or 21 days. Chlordecone was distribut-
ed throughout the reproductive tract. The descending
order of concentration was seminal vesicular fluid >
prostate > vas deferens > seminal vesicle > un-
washed sperm > washed sperm. It is concluded that
chlordecone is well distributed throughout the repro-
ductive tract of the male rat, appears in the ejaculate,
and does not appear to produce dominant lethal ef-
fects.
Keywords: 'Reproduction(Biology), "Toxicology, Rats,
Laboratory animals, Males, Tissues(Biology), Bioas-
say, Reprints, "Chlordecone.
PB87-117982/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Cyanazine: Special Review Position Document 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Apr 85,21 p* EPA/540/9-87/120
The Position Document 1 (PD 1) is the official an-
nouncement that EPA is initiating a Special Review ol
all pesticide products containing the active ingredient
Cyanazine. EPA has determined that Cyanazine, regis-
tered herbicide, produces teratogenic effects in labo-
ratory rats and that sufficient exposure to mixer/load-
ers and applicators exists so that Cyanazine meets or
exceeds a risk criterion described in 40 CFR 162.11,
the regulations governing the Special Review process.
These hazards will be examined further to determine
the nature and extent of the risk, and considering the
benefits of Cyanazine, whether such risks cause un-
reasonable adverse effects on the environment.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Pesticides,
'Toxicology, Toxicity, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory
animals, Exposure, Physiological effects, Regulations,
Herbicides, "Toxic substances, "Cyanazine, Health
risks, Pesticide residues, Path of pollutants, Mutagene-
sis, Oncogenesis, Bioaccumulation, CAS 21725-46-2.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-117990/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Ethylenebisdithiocarbamates: Position Document
1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
5 Aug 77, 56p* EPA/540/9-87/123
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, "Pesticides,
"Toxicology, Toxicity, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory
animals, Exposure, Physiological effects, Regulations,
'Toxic substances, "Ethylenebisdithiocarbamates,
Health risks, Pesticide residues, Path of pollutants,
Mutagenesis, CAS 3566-10-7, Oncogenesis, Bioaccu-
mulation, CAS 8018-01-7, CAS 12427-38-2 CAS 142-
59-6, CAS 9006-42-2, CAS 12122-67-7.
PB87-118006/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Diallate: Position Document 4.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washinqton DC
Office of Pesticide Programs
30 Mar 82, 90p* EPA/540/9-87/119
See also PB80-212863.
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
S|aenng the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Pesticides,
"Toxicology, Toxicity, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory
animals, Exposure, Physiological effects, Regulations,
Chlorine organic compounds, "Diallate, "Toxic sub-
stances, Carbamic acid/(dichloroallyl-ester)-diisopro-
pylthio, Health risks, Pesticide residues, Path of pollut-
ants, Mutagenesis, Oncogenesis, Bioaccumulation
CAS 2303-16-4.
EB8J"11!014/HSU	pc A08/MF A01
Captan: Special Review Position Document 2/3.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jun85,164p* EPA/540/9-87/121
See also PBS 1 -109449.
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Pesticides,
"Toxicology, Toxicity, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory
animals, Exposure, Physiological effects, Regulations,
"Toxic substances, "Captan, Health risks, Pesticide
residues, Path of pollutants, Mutagenesis, Oncogene-
sis, Bioaccumulation, CAS 133-06-2, Cyclohexene di-
carboximide/N-((trichloromethyl)thio).
PB87-118022/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 54: Nitrapyriri.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
28 Jun 85, 7p EPA/540/FS-87/083
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
698 Vol. 90, No. 24
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, Toxic substances, "Nitrapyrin, Path
of pollutants, Chemical information fact sheet, Use
patterns, Science findings, Pyridine/(trichloromethyl)-
chloro, CAS 1929-82-4.
PB87-118055/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Negative Corona in Wire-Plate Electrostatic Preci-
pitators. Part 1. Characteristics of Individual Tuft-
Corona Discharges. Journal article,
Wollongong Univ. (Australia). Dept. of Electrical and
Computer Engineering.
P. A. Lawless, K. J. McLean, L. E. Sparks, and G. H.
Ramsey. C1986,20p EPA/600/J-86/155
Contract EPA-68-02-3907
See also PB87-118063. Pub. in Jnl. of Electrostatics
18, p199-217 1986. Prepared in cooperation with Re-
search Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The article discusses the investigation of the charac-
teristics of a single negative corona discharge tuft and
how it interacts with another tuft when forced to do so.
(Used during the investigation was a new analytical
method developed to calculate the main electrical
characteristics for a wire-plate geometry in which the
wire is contaminated with dust and excited with a neg-
ative voltage.) Results were used to develop a com-
plete analytical solution. The analysis identified a sig-
nificant region of corona at voltages well below the
peak critical voltage, Vc, beginning at the tuft onset
voltage, Vt = 0.6 Vc. The method was also used to
calculate the maximum current density under each tuft
discharge and to make a reasonable estimate of the
current distribution pattern on the plate and the
number of tuft discharges per unit length of wire.
(Copyright (c) Journal of Electrostatics, 1986.)
Keywords: "Electric corona, "Electrostatic precipita-
tors, Electrical properties, Dust, Contamination, Per-
formance, Electric discharges, Reprints, Stationary
sources.
PB87-118063/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Negative Corona in Wire-Plate Electrostatic Preci-
pitators. Part 2. Calculation of Electrical Charac-
teristics of Contaminated Discharge Electrodes.
Journal article,
Wollongong Univ. (Australia). Dept. of Electrical and
Computer Engineering.
K. J. McLean, P. A. Lawless, L. E. Sparks, and G. H.
Ramsey. c1986,14p EPA/600/J-86/154
Contract EPA-68-02-3907
See also PB87-118055. Pub. in Jnl. of Electrostatics
18, p219-231 1986. Prepared in cooperation with Re-
search Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Acjency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The article discusses the investigation of the charac-
teristics of a single negative corona discharge tuft and
how it interacts with another tuft when forced to do so.
(Used during the investigation was a new analytical
method developed to calculate the main electrical
characteristics for a wire-plate geometry in which the
wire is contaminated with dust and excited with a neg-
ative voltage.) Results were used to develop a com-
plete analytical solution. The analysis identified a sig-
nificant region of corona at voltages well below the
peak critical voltage, Vc, beginning at the tuft onset
voltage, Vt = 0.6 Vc. The method was also used to
calculate the maximum current density under each tuft
discharge and to make a reasonable estimate of the
current distribution pattern on the plate and the
number of tuft discharges per unit length of wire.
(Copyright (c) Journal of Electrostatics, 1986.)
Keywords: "Electric corona, "Electrostatic precipita-
tors, Electrical properties. Dust, Contamination, Per-
formance, Electric discharges, Reprints, Stationary
sources.
PB87-118444/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Approach to Evaluating Leak Detection Methods
in Underground Storage Tanks,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
J. Starr, J. Broscious, and S. Niaki. Oct 86,24p EPA/
600/D-86/242
Prepared in cooperation with Enviresponse, Inc., Liv-
ingston, NJ., and IT Corp., Pittsburgh, PA.
The detection and evaluation of leaks in underground
storage tanks require a detailed knowledge of condi-
tions both within the tank and in the nearby surround-
ings. The test apparatus, as constructed, enables data
regarding these environmental conditions to be readily
obtained and incorporated in a carefully structured test
program that minimizes the amount of costly full-scale
testing that would otherwise be required to evaluate
volumetric leak detection methods for underground
storage tanks. In addition, sufficient flexibility has been
designed into the apparatus to enable additional eval-
uations of non-volumetric test methods to be conduct-
ed, and different types of tanks and products to be
tested in a cost-effective manner.
Keywords: "Leakage, "Underground storage, "Stor-
age tanks, "Petroleum products, Water supply, Detec-
tion, Waste disposal, Data analysis, Environments,
Test equipment, Volumetric analysis, Flexibility, Pollu-
tion, "Oil pollution.
PB87-118477/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 60: Norflurazon.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1 Dec 84, 9p EPA/540/FS-87/084
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate neea for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Her-
bicides, Agricultural products, "Toxic substances,
"Norflurazon, Path of pollutants, Chemical information
fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, CAS
27314-13-2.
PB87-118485/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 4: Naled.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Jun 83,10p EPA/540/FS-87/081
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for Information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords'. "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, Insecticides, "Toxic substances,
"Naled, Path of pollutants, Chemical information fact
sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, Phosphate/(di-
bromo-dichloroethyl)-dimethyl, CAS 300-76-5.
PB87-118493/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada
OK.
Solvophoblc Approach for Predicting Sorption of
Hydrophobic Organic Chemicals on Synthetic
Sorbents and Soils. Journal article,
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Soil Science.
K. B. Woodburn, P. S. C. Rao, M. Fukui, and P. Nkedi-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pub. in Jnl. of Contaminant Hydrology 1, n1 p227-241
Apr/Jun 86. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmen-
tal Research Lab., Ada, OK.
The application of a solvophobic approach for predict-
ing the sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds
(HOC) was evaluated with data collected using syn-
thetic sorbents and soils. The experimental data con-
sisted of batch equilibrium sorption coefficients (K sub
D), as well as soil-TLC and reversed-phase liquid chro-
matographic (RPLC) retention factors (k prime). All
data were collected using aqueous solutions and
binary or ternary solvent mixtures of water, methanol,
acetone, and acetonitrile. As predicted by the theory,
the chromatographic retention factors and sorption co-
efficients for HOC decreased log-linearly with increas-
ing fraction of organic cosolvent in binary solvents.
Model parameters estimated from the binary solvent
data could be used to predict sorption (or retention)
from ternary solvents. Reasonable agreement was
found between model parameters reported in the liter-
ature and those estimated using the data from batch
sorption, soil-TLC, and RPLC studies. (Copyright (c) El-
sevier Science Publishers B.V.)
Keywords: "Sorption, 'Water pollution, Soils, Contami-
nation, Groundwater, Transport properties, Mathemat-
ical models, Sorbents, Reprints, "Hydrophobic organic
compounds.
PB87-118501/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Kinetics of In vivo Sister Chromatid Exchange in-
duction in Mouse Bone Marrow Cells In Ethylnltro-
sourea and Methylnitrosourea. Journal article,
Virginia Commonwealth Univ., Richmond. Dept. of
Pharmacology and Toxicology.
J. L. Charles, D. Jacobson-Kram, L. Condie, J. F.
Borzelleca, and R. A. Carchman. c1986,12p EPA/
600/J-86/158
Grant EPA-R-808861
See also PB85-150845. Pub. in Toxicology and Ap-
plied Pharmacology 84, p56-65 Jun 86. Sponsored by
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Administration of ethylnitrosourea (ENU) (20, 25, 40,
50, and 60 mg/kg body weight) or methylnitrosourea
(MNU) (25, 40, 50, 60, 75, and 80 mg/kg body weight)
to male CD-1 mice 2 hours after subcutaneous implan-
tation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyurdine (Brdllrd) pellet (55
mg) resulted in a dose-dependent increase in sister
chromatid exchanges (SCE) in bone marrow cells.
Treatment with ENU (50 mg/kg body weight) at sever-
al time points prior to BrdUrd implantation resulted in a
biphasic curve of SCE induction indicating at least two
events that result in SCEs. Treatment with ENU at the
time of BrdUrd implantation and post-BrdUrd reflected
a similar mechanism apparent in the preBrdUrd curve.
Treatment with MNU (50 mg/kg body weight) pre- and
post-BrdUrd resulted in a linear monophasic curve of
SCE induction in both the pre- and post-BrdUrd time
periods. The overall MNU time-course curve resem-
bled an inverted V function indicating the mechanism
of SCE induction for ENU and MNU are different.
Keywords: "Bone marrow, 'Toxicology, Laboratory
animals, Mice, Kinetics, Reprints, 'Sister chromatid
exchange, Urea/ethylnitroso, Urea/methylnitroso.
PB87-118519/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Impact of Ozone and Sulphur Dioxide on Soy-
beam Yield. Journal article,
Argonne National Lab., IL.
L. W. Kress, J. E. Miller, H. J. Smith, and J. O.
Rawlings. C1986,21p EPA/600/J-86/157
Pub. in Environmental Pollution Series A 41. p105-123
1986. Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina
State Univ. at Raleigh. Dept. of Statistics. Sponsored
by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Little dose-response information exists on the effects
of chronic ozone (03) and intermittent sulfur dioxide
(S02) exposures on the yield of important agricultural
crops. Such information is needed for refinement of
estimates of air pollution induced crop losses. Field-
grown plants of two soybean cultivars were exposed to
incremental chronic doses of 03 for 7-h/day and/or
intermittent S02fumigations 4-h/day, 3 day/wk from
shortly after emergence until maturity. The 03 was re-
moved by charcoal filtration or applied by addition of
various constant amounts of 03 to the ambient 03
present in nonfiltered-air open-top chambers. There
were no cultivar differences in yield response to either
03 or S02.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Ozone, "Soybean plants,
'Air pollution, Dosage, Response, Growth, Yield,
Losses, Environmental impacts, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Tests, Tables(Data), Re-
prints, 'Glycine max.
PB87-118527/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Differential Effects of Formamidine Pesticides on
Fixed-Interval Behavior In Rats. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
V. C. Moser, and R. C. MacPhail. 1986,12p EPA/600/
J-86/159
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v84 n2
p315-324Jun86.
Chlordimeform (CDM), amitraz (AMZ), and formetan-
ate (FMT) are members of the formamidine class of
pesticides. To date, effects on operant behavior have
been determined only for CDM. The experiment com-
pared the effects of CDM, AMZ, and FMT on schedule-
controlled responding. Nine male Long-Evans rats
were trained during 1-hr sessions to lever-press under
a multiple fixed-interval (Fl)-1-min FI-5-min schedule of
milk reinforcement. Dose-effect determinations for
each compound administered ip, 20 min presession,
were carried out in each subject. The dose ranges
were: CDM HCI, 0.3-20 mg/kg; FMT HCI, 0.03-0.75
mg/kg; and AMZ, 5-75 mg/kg. Under baseline condi-
tions response rates were higher under the FI-1-min
than under FI-5-min, and index of curvature (IOC)
values (a measure of within-interval response pattern-
ing) were generally higher under FI-5-min. All com-
pounds produced dose-dependent decreases in re-
sponse rate. CDM significantly decreased only FI-1-
min response rates; a similar effect of AMZ was seen
only at an intermediate dose. FMT decreased re-
sponding to the same extent in both components.
CDM produced pronounced changes in the pattern of
responding in both components, with IOC decreased
more under FI-5-min than under FI-1-min. AMZ pro-
duced significant decreases in IOC only under FI-5-
min. FMT did not appreciably decrease IOC in either
component.
Keywords: "Toxicology, 'Pesticides, Rats, Behavior,
Laboratory animals, "Formamidine, Toxic substances.
PB87-118899/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Pentachlorophenol on Perlphyton Com-
munities In Outdoor Experimental Streams. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. D. Yount, and J. E. Richter. 1986,13p EPA/600/J-
86/156
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 15, p51 -60 1986.
The objectives of the study were to determine the ef-
fects of pentachlorophenol (PCP) on the periphyton
community in outdoor experimental streams. It was
part of a larger study in which an objective was to
evaluate the effects of PCP at water quality criterion
levels on natural aquatic communities. Measures of
periphyton biomass including ash-free dry weight and
phytopigments indicated a linear dose-response rela-
tionship with PCP between the criterion level (48 mi-
crogram/L) and 432 microgram/L. Slight effects were
evident at the criterion level.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Exposure, Aquatic microbiolo-
gy, Reprints, 'Phenol/pentachloro, 'Water pollution
effects(Plants).
PB87-118915/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 49: Naptalam.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
31 Mar 85, 10p EPA/FS/540-87/082
The document contains up-to-date chemical Informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Her-
bicides, Agricultural products, 'Toxic substances,
'Naptalam, Path of pollutants, Chemical information
fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, CAS 132-
66-1.
PB87-118923/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 38: Potassium Bro-
mide.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Sep 84, 7p EPA/540/FS-87/089
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology,
'Toxic substances, Potassium bromide, Path of pol-
lutants, Chemical information fact sheet. Use patterns,
Science findings, CAS 775802-3.
PB87-119053/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Evaluation of Asbestos Abatement Techniques.
Phase 2. Encapsulation with Latex Paint. Final rept.
May 84-Nov 85,
Battelle Columbus Div., Washington, DC.
J. Chesson, D. P. Margeson, J. Ogden, K. Bauer, and
F. J. Bergman. Jul 86,110p EPA/560/5-86/016
Contract EPA-68-01-6721
See also PB86-165057. Prepared in cooperation with
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Airborne asbestos levels were measured by transmis-
sion electron microscopy (TEM) before, during and
after encapsulation of asbestos-containing material
with latex paint in a suburban junior high school. The
ceilings of the school were covered with a sprayed-on
material containing chrysotile asbestos. Air samples
were collected at four types of sites: indoor sites with
unpainted asbestos material scheduled for painting,
indoor sites with asbestos material which had been
painted 16 months prior to the study, indoor sites with
no asbestos material, and outdoor sites on the roof of
the building. Bulk samples were collected prior to
painting and analyzed by polarized light microscopy
(PLM) to characterize the asbestos-containing materi-
al.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Air pollution control, 'School
buildings, 'Encapsulating, Hazardous materials, In-
spection, Paints, Latex, Protective coatings,
Concentration(Composition), Abatement, "Toxic sub-
stances, 'Indoor air pollution.
PB87-119087/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Benomyl: Position Document 2/3.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA. Spe-
cial Pesticide Review Div.
22 Aug 79,138p* EPA/SPRD-80/06
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
'Toxicology, Toxicity, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory
animals, Exposure, Physiological effects, Regulations,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Fungicides, 'Benomyl, 'Toxic substances, Benzimida-
zole carbamic acid/methyl-(butyl/carbamoyl), Health
risks, Pesticide residues, Path of pollutants, Mutagene-
sis, Oncogenesis, Bioaccumulation, CAS 17804-35-2.
PB87-119095/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Pentachlorophenol (Non-Wood Uses): Special
Review Position Document 2/3.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Nov84, 131 p* EPA/540/9-87/124
See also PB81 -109464.
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, "Pesticides,
'Toxicology, Toxicity, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory
animals, Exposure, Physiological effects, Regulations,
Chlorine organic compounds, "Toxic substances,
*Phenol/pentachloro, Health risks, Pesticide residues,
Path of pollutants, Mutagenesis, Oncogenesis, Bioac-
cumulation, CAS 87-86-5.
PB87-119103/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Design Scale-Up Suitability for Air-Stripping Col-
umns (Journal Version). Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
H. Wallman, and M. Cummins. c1986, 8p EPA/600/M-
86/028
See also PB86-154176. Pub. in Public Works 163, p74-
78 Oct 86. Prepared in cooperation with Jacobson
(Nathan L.) Associates, Chester, CT.
An investigation was conducted to determine the suit-
ability of a design scale-up from pilot-scale to full-scale
air-stripping columns used in the removal of volatile or-
ganic compounds from contaminated water supplies.
Forty-eight experimental runs were made in packed
columns of four different diameters (6, 12, 24, and 57
in.) at air-to-water ratios from 5:1 to 50:1. Water was
used from the Village of Brewster, New York, well
fields; this water was contaminated with tetrachloreth-
ylene, trichloroethylene and cis-1,2 dichloroethylene.
The experimental mass transfer coefficients were
compared with values calculated from the Onda mass
transfer coefficient model. Generally, the two values
were in reasonably good agreement. Based on these
results, it appears that the Onda model tends to give a
conservative design for a full-scale system. Using a
cost model developed by the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency (EPA), the 2-in. plastic TRI-PACKS (of
the packing types tested) gave the most cost-effective
design for a full-scale system. No operational prob-
lems were encountered during subfreezing weather
other than rupture of some sample lines.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Water supply,
Design, Pilot plants, Mass transfer, Potable water.
Chlorine	organic	compounds,
Concentration(Composition), Column packings,
Columns(Process engineering), Ground water, 'Air
stripping, 'Volatile organic compounds, Ethylene/tet-
rachloro, Ethylene/trichloro, Ethylene/dichloro.
PB87-119343/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) LIMB
(Limestone injection Multistage Burner) Develop-
ment and Demonstration Program Status Report
(April 1985). Rept. for Feb 85-Jun 86,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
G. B. Martin. Oct 86,36p EPA/600/8-86/036
The report summarizes the technical status of EPA's
Limestone Injection Multistage Burner (LIMB) program
and discusses the planned program leading to com-
mercialization by 1990. It provides a background on
the emissions of S02 and NOx from coal-fired utility
boilers and discusses critical aspects of the LIMB
process. It also provides an overview of the LIMB proc-
ess and the program approach, followed by a detailed
discussion of results and plans for each major techni-
cal area of the program. The goal of the LIMB program
is to provide a low cost technology for control of S02
and NOx for coal-fired boilers. In the U.S., the domi-
nant source of S02 is existing coal-fired utility boilers,
which also contribute about 20% of the total NOx
emissions. LIMB is one emerging technology which
has the potential to accomplish this goal in a more cost
effective manner than currently commercial technol-
ogies.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Ni-
trogen oxides, Cost analysis, Combustion, Coal, Boil-
ers, Burners, LIMB program, Stationary sources.
PB87-119434/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Sampling and Analysis for High-Molecular-Welght
Polar Organic Compounds. Final rept..
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
R. H. James, R. E. Adams, and H. C. Miller. Oct 86,87p
SORI-EAS-84-1140, EPA/600/8-86/037
Contract EPA-68-02-3696
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of preliminary investigations
into the determination of high-molecular-weight polar
organic compounds from wood-combustion residues.
It is intended as a reference to be used by laboratories
that are developing methods for the identification and
quantification of high-molecular-weight compounds. A
proposed high-performance liquid chromatography
(HPLC) method (Method 8) is capable of giving func-
tional-group class separation for semipreparative
sample fractionation. It may prove to be a useful ana-
lytical technique for the more polar constituents (pyrro-
lic, -OH, -COOH, and -NH2 substituted). It appears that
the higher the molecular weight, the greater the alkyl
substitution; or the more ring conjugation present, the
more inadequate the method becomes as an analyti-
cal technique.
Keywords: 'Wood, 'Combustion products, "Chroma-
tographic analysis, "Air pollution control, Chemical
analysis, Molecular weight, Organic compounds, Sam-
pling, Performance, Graphs(Charts).
PB87-119483/HSU	PC A24/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Covers for Uncontrolled Hazardous Waste Sites,
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS.
C. C. McAneny, P. G. Tucker, J. M. Morgan, C. R. Lee,
and M. F. Kelley. Sep 85,563p EPA/540/2-85/002
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The technical handbook provides guidance to the de-
signer of cover systems for existing uncontrolled haz-
ardous waste sites. It also presents sources of techni-
cal information to aid regulatory personnel in evaluat-
ing cover designs. Comprehensive coverage is given
to the following subject areas: site characterization,
materials used in cover systems, design of a cover
system, cover construction, and construction quality
control. Two case histories are described.
Keywords: 'Coverings, "Hazardous materials, "Waste
disposal, Handbooks, Soil properties, Permeability,
Moisture content, Bituminous concretes, Membranes,
Clay soils, Dispersion, Sites, Design, Regulations,
Earth dams, Linings, Bituminous cements, Emulsions,
Asphalts, Failure, Drainage.
PB87-119491/HSU	PC A22/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Land Disposal, Remedial Action, Incineration and
Treatment of Hazardous Waste. Proceedings of
the Annual Research Symposium (12th) Held at
Cincinnati, Ohio on April 21-23, 1986. Final rept.
Oct 85-Jul 86.
JACA Corp., Fort Washington, PA.
Aug 86, 516p EPA/600/9-86/022
Contract EPA-68-03-3252
See also PB85-196376. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste
Engineering Research Lab.
The purpose of the Symposium was to present the
latest significant research findings of ongoing and re-
cently completed projects funded by the Hazardous
Waste Engineering Research Laboratory (HWERL) to
persons concerned with hazardous waste manage-
ment. These proceedings are for Session A, Hazard-
ous Waste Land Disposal, Session B, Hazardous
Waste Incineration and Treatment, and Session C,
HWERL Posters. Papers presented by Symposium
speakers and poster presentation Abstracts are com-
piled. Land Disposal subjects discussed include landfill
design and operation, waste leaching and analyses,
pollution migration and control, waste modification,
surface impoundments, flexible membrane liners, re-
medial action techniques and underground mine dis-
posal. Incineration and treatment subjects included
combustion of hazardous wastes in incinerators, boil-
ers and industrial processes, field evaluations, treat-
ment options and innovative processes for hazardous
waste destruction.
Keywords: "Meetings, 'Hazardous materials, Waste
treatment, Combustion, Leaching, Contaminants, Pol-
lution, 'Land disposal, Waste management, Sanitary
landfills, Environmental transport.
PB87-119509/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Validity of Effluent and Ambient Toxicity Tests for
Predicting Biological Impact, Kanawha River,
Charleston, West Virginia,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
D. I. Mount, and T. Norberg-King. Jul 86,68p EPA/
600/3-86/006
The study was the eighth in a series of eight and was
conducted on the Kanawha River near Charleston,
West Virginia, which receives discharges from many
industrial and municipal facilities. The study area com-
prises about 125 km of the Kanawha River, from the
London Pool downstream to the Winfield Pool. Ambi-
ent toxicity tests using the Ceriodaphnia dubia and fat-
head minnow 7-d tests were conducted on samples
from 34 river stations. Effluent dilution toxicity tests
using Ceriodaphnia were conducted on samples from
11 discharges and fathead minnow effluent dilution
toxicity tests were run on four discharges. From 60 to
100% correct predictions of community impact were
made by the toxicity tests, depending on the levels of
effect compared. Impacts on macroinvertebrates was
underestimated by the ambient tests. The toxicity
values derived from the effluent dilution tests do not
suggest that the effluents should cause toxicity after
mixing.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, "Aquatic biology, 'Water pollu-
tion, "Kanawha River, Tests, Minnows, Daphnia, Inver-
tebrates, Environmental impacts, Industrial wastes,
Municipalities,	Comparison,	Sensitivity
Tolerances(Physiology), Tables(Data), "Ceriodaphnia.
PB87-119517/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Validity of Effluent and Ambient Toxicity Tests for
Predicting Biological Impact, Naugatuck River,
Waterbury, Connecticut,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
D. I. Mount, T. J. Norberg-King, and A. E. Steen. May
86,124p EPA/600/8-86/005
Prepared in cooperation with EA Engineering, Science,
and Technology, Inc., Sparks, MD.
The major purpose of the study on the Naugatuck
River, Connecticut, August 1983 was to compare the
relationship between measured toxicity of water sam-
ples collected from the Naugatuck River and the
health of the aquatic community at the same locations
where samples were collected. Because the river
changed in size and character through the study area
habitat changes made the determination of toxicity ef-
fects on the stream community more difficult. Periphy-
ton, benthos and fish species all showed a trend of re-
duced species richness from headwaters to mouth.
The daphnid and fathead toxicity data showed a simi-
lar trend. The zooplankton taxa did not follow an up-
stream downstream pattern.
Keywords: 'Aquatic biology, "Toxicity, "Stream pollu-
tion, 'Naugatuck River, Assessments. Environmental
impacts, Sampling, Benthos, Zooplankton, Minnows
Daphnia, Abundance, Tests, Conductivity, Tempera-
ture, Chlorophylls, Tables(Data), Comparison
Density(Mass/Volume), Massachusetts, "Habitats!
Species diversity.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-119574/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Asphaltic Concrete Industry Particulate Emis-
sions: Source Category Report. Final rept. Mar 82-
Oct 85,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
J. S. Kinsey. Oct 86,350p EPA/600/7-86/038
Contract EPA-68-02-3158
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report describes the development of particulate
emission factors based on cutoff size for inhalable par-
ticles for the asphaltic concrete industry. After review
of available information characterizing particulate
emissions from asphalt concrete plants, the data were
summarized and rated in terms of reliability. Size spe-
cific emission factors were developed from these data
for each of the three processes used in the manufac-
ture of asphalt concrete. A detailed process descrip-
tion is presented, with emphasis on factors affecting
the generation of emissions. A replacement for Sec-
tion 8.1 (Asphalt Concrete Plants) of AP-42 was pre-
pared, containing the size specific emission factors de-
veloped by the program.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Bituminous con-
cretes, Particle size distribution. Bituminous cements.
Computer programs, Sources, "Particulates, "Emis-
sion factors, "Stationary sources, Inhalation.
PB87-119889/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Iron and Steel Industry Particulate Emissions:
Source Category Report. Final rept. Jun 84-Jun 86,
GCACorp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Dlv.
J. Jeffery, and J. Vay. Oct 86,93p EPA/600/7-86/036
Contract EPA-68-02-3157
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of a study to develop particu-
late emission factors based on cutoff size for inhalable
particles for the iron and steel industry. After reviewing
available information characterizing particulate emis-
sions from iron and steel plants, the data were summa-
rized and rated in terms of reliability. Size specific
emission factors were developed from these data for
the major processes used in the manufacture of iron
and steel. A detailed process description was present-
ed, with emphasis on factors affecting the generation
of emissions. A replacement for Section 7.5 (Iron and
Steel Production) of EPA report AP-42, A Compilation
of Air Pollutant Emissions Factors, was prepared, con-
taining the size specific emission factors developed
during the program.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, Iron and steel indus-
try, Particle size distribution, Aerosols, Sources,
Tables(Data), "Emission factors, "Particulate sam-
pling, Stationary sources
PB87-119897/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Test Method Evaluations and Emissions Testing
for Rating Wood Stoves. Final rept. Jun 85-Apr 86,
Engineering-Science. Fairfax, VA.
L. S. Cottone, and E. Messer. Oct 86,147p EPA/600/
2-86/100
Contracts EPA-68-02-3994, EPA-68-02-3850
Prepared in cooperation with Radian Corp., Research
Triangle Park, NC. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lao.
The report gives results of a comparison of three sam-
pling methods for wood burning stoves: the EPA Modi-
fied Method 5 (MM5), the Oregon Method 7 (OM7),
and the ASTM proposed Method P180. It also ad-
dresses the effect that emission format (grams per
hour, grams per kilogram wood burned, micrograms
per joule heat output) has on the intermethod correla-
tions. Five stoves (two catalytic, one noncatalytic ge-
neric, one noncatalytic high efficiency, and one catalyt-
ic fireplace insert) were tested. Test results showed
good correlations between the total train emissions
obtained with each method. The strength of the corre-
lations varied with the emission format: the grams per
hour format showed the strongest correlation. POM
emissions showed a general (but weak) correlation
with total emissions when the grams per hour format
was used; there were no correlations when the emis-
sions were expressed in either of the other two for-
mats.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Combustion, "Stoves, Com-
bustion products, Performance, Quality assurance,
Tables(Data), "Air sampling, "Wood burning appli-
ances, Stationary sources.
PB87-11990S/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Dioxin and Furan Contamination In the Manufac-
ture of Halogenated Organic Chemicals,
Technical Resources, Inc., Rockville, MD.
A. Lee, B. Campbell, and W. Kelly. Nov B6,71 p EPA/
600/2-86/101
Contract EPA-68-03-3274
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The manufacture of halogenated organic chemicals
results in the formation of small amounts of undesir-
able side reaction by-products. These contaminants
may be contained in the product chemical, separated
into a processing step residue, or lost to the air or
wastewater as a pollutant. For several years attention
has been focused on one member of the dioxin family,
namely 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-
TCDD). In the report, a brief review of important chlor-
inated organic chemicals associated with dioxin and
furan contamination is followed by an extensive dis-
cussion of brominated organic chemical manufactur-
ing. Potential for dioxin and furan contamination is pre-
dicted and available information on actual product
analysis is presented. The results of the study may be
used to identify sources of dioxins and furans and to
develop methods to eliminate, reduce or isolate the
occurrence of these toxic artifacts.
Keywords: "Synthesis(Chemistry), "Contamination,
"Halogen organic compounds, Byproducts, Chemical
reactions, Chlorine organic compounds, Hazardous
materials, Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition),
Reaction kinetics, 'Dibenzodioxins, "Dibenzofurans.
PB87-119913/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Solicitation for Research Grant Proposals.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
Sep 86, 26p EPA/600/8-86/028
See also PB83-159913.
Grants are an important means by which EPA under-
writes research on environmental topics in the aca-
demic sector. Therefore, this document solicits investi-
gator-initiated proposals to address ORD's priority re-
search needs. This solicitation relates only to the re-
search grants procedures as administered by the
ORD's Office of Exploratory Research and outlines the
procedures for applying for grant assistance.
Keywords: "Grants, Methodology, Environments,
Manuals, Research projects.
PB87-119921/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Endrln: Position Document 2/3.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
18 Oct 78, 212p* EPA/540/9-87/125
See also PB81 -112690.
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Pesticides,
"Toxicology, "Endrin, Toxicity, Residues, Ecology,
Laboratory animals, Exposure, Physiological effects,
Regulations, Oxygen organic compounds, "Toxic sub-
stances, Health risks. Pesticide residues, Path of pol-
lutants. Mutagenesis, Oncogenesis, Bioaccumulation,
CAS 72-20-8.
PB87-1199S4/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Water Resources Data Michigan, Water Year 1985.
Annual rept. 1 Oct 84-30 Sep 85,
Geological Survey, Lansing, Ml. Water Resources Div.
J. B. Miller, J. L. Oberg, and J. C. Failing. Jun 86,309p
USGS/WRD/HD-86/240, USGS/WDR/MI-85/1
See also PB85-237741.
Water resources data for the 1985 water year for
Michigan consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams: stage ana contents of lakes
and reservoirs; and water levels and water tempera-
ture of ground water. The report contains discharge
records for 135 gaging stations; stage only records for
1 gaging station; stage and contents for 5 lakes and
reservoirs; water-quality records for 52 gaging sta-
tions; water-level records for 53 observation wells; and
water-temperature records for 6 observation wells.
Also included are 52 crest-stage partial-record stations
and 30 low-flow partial-record stations.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Surface waters, "Michi-
gan, Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes,
Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, "Water quality data,
'Hydrologic data. Water levels, Discharge(Water).
PB87-120259/HSU	PC$63.00
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT).
Background Document for F001-F005 Spent Sol-
vents.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
7 Nov 86,767p-in 3v
Set includes PB87-120267 through PB87-120283.
No abstract available.
PB87-120287/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT).
Background Document for F001-F005 Spent Sol-
vent*. Volume 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
7 Nov 86,188p EPA/530/SW-86/056A
See also Volume 2, PB87-120275.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC$63.00, PB87-
120259.
The final rule for the land Disposal Restrictions of
F001-F005 Spent Solvent Wastes establishes technol-
ogy-based treatment standards representative of Best
Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT). The
technical support for these treatment standards is pro-
vided in this background document. The BDAT Back-
ground Document for F001-F005 Spent Solvents con-
sists of three volumes. The first volume contains Sec-
tion 1 through 4. Section 1 summarizes the legal back-
ground and general approach to the development of
BDAT, Section 2 characterizes the principal industries
that generate wastes subject to this rule, Section 3
presents waste characterization data for F001-F005
spent solvents, and Section 4 discusses the technol-
ogies found to be demonstrated for treatment of F001 -
F005 spent solvents.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, Organic solvents,
Design, Performance, Operation, Distillation, Inciner-
ation, Tables(Data), Boilers, Kilns, "Spent solvent
wastes, Liquid waste disposal, Solid waste disposal.
PB87-12027S/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT).
Background Document for F001-F005 Spent Sol-
vents. Volume 2.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
7 Nov 86,215p EPA/530/SW-86/056B
See also Volume 1, PB87-120267 and Volume 3,
PB87-120283.
Also available in set of 3 reports PCS63.00, PB87-
120259.
The final rule for the land Disposal Restrictions of
F001-F005 Spent Solvent Wastes establishes technol-
ogy-based treatment standards representative of Best
Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT). The
technical support for these treatment standard is pro-
vided in the background document. The BDAT Back-
ground Document for F001-F005 Spent Solvents con-
sists of three volumes. The second volume consists of
Section 5 which details the development of the treat-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ment standards including presentation and statistical
analysis of the data.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, Standards, Organic sol-
vents, Statistical analysis. Incineration, 'Spent solvent
wastes. Solid wastes, Liquid wastes.
PB87-120283/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT).
Background Document for F001-F005 Spent Sol-
vents. Volume 3.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
7 Nov 86, 364p EPA/530/SW-86/056C
See also Volume 2, PB87-120275.
Also available in set of 3 reports PCS63.00, PB87-
120259.
The final rule for the land Disposal Restrictions of
F001-F005 Spent Solvent Wastes establishes technol-
ogy-based treatment standards representative of Best
Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT). The
technical support for these treatment standards is pro-
vided in this background document. The BDAT Back-
ground Document for F001-F005 Spent Solvents con-
sists of three volumes. The third volume contains com-
plete data sets for all data considered in the develop-
ment of the treatment standards.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, Standards, Organic sol-
vents, Data analysis, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Air pollution, 'Spent sol-
vent wastes, Liquid waste disposal, Solid waste dis-
posal, Heavy metals.
PB87-120291/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste: Physi-
cal/Chemical Methods (2nd Edition).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
1982, 679p EPA/SW-846
See also PB82-172156.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The manual provides test procedures which may be
used to evaluate those properties of a solid waste
which determine whether the waste is a hazardous
waste within the definition of Section 3001 of the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act (PL 94-580).
These methods are approved for obtaining data to sat-
isfy the requirement of 40 CFR Part 261, Identification
and Listing of Hazardous Waste. The manual encom-
passes methods for collecting representative samples
of solid wastes, and for determining the reactivity, cor-
rosivity, ignitability, and composition of the waste and
the mobility of toxic species present in the waste.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Hazardous materials,
Reactivity, Ignition, Sampling, Extraction, Atomic spec-
troscopy, Gas chromatography, Quality control, Or-
ganic compounds, Colorimetric analysis, "Solid
wastes, Toxic substances, Heavy metals.
PB87-120457/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Proceedings: Joint Symposium on Dry S02 and
Simultaneous S02/NOX Control Technologies
(1986). Volume 2. Economics, Power Plant Inter-
gration and Commerlcal Applications,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
B. Emmel. Oct 86, 624p EPA/600/9-86/029B
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
See also PB87-120465, and PB85-232361. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research
Lab., and Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA.
The proceedings document the 1986 Joint Symposium
on Dry S02 and Simultaneous S02/NOx Control
Technologies, held in Raleigh, NC, June 2-6, 1986.
Fortynine papers were presented by EPA and EPRI
staff members representing utility companies, equip-
ment manufacturers, sorbent suppliers, and research
and development companies under contract to EPA,
EPRI, and other research groups. Topics discussed in-
cluded enhanced sorbent utilization through thermal
pretreatment of sorbents or use of hydrated or promot-
ed calcium-based sorbents, effects of temperature
and other injection parameters on sulfur capture effi-
ciency, economics of dry sorbent injection, post-fur-
nace injection for S02 control, effects of dry sorbent
injection on electrostatic precipitator performance,
702 Vol. 90, No. 24
waste management options, and the global status of
commercial-scale dry sorbent injection processes.
Volume 2 deals with economics, power plant integra-
tion, and commercial applications.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur di-
oxide, 'Nitrogen oxides, Economic analysis, Electric
power plants, Sorbents, Desulfurization, Electrostatic
precipitators, Waste management, Flue gases, Per-
formance, Stationary sources.
PB87-120465/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Proceedings: Joint Symposium on Dry S02 and
Simultaneous S02/NOX Control Technologies
(1986). Volume 1. Sorbents, Process Research,
and Dispersion,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
B. Emmel. Oct 86, 346p RAD-86-203-023-52-02, EPA/
600/9-86/029A
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
See also PB87-120457, and PB85-232353. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research
Lab., and Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA.
The proceedings document the 1986 Joint Symposium
on Dry S02 and Simultaneous S02/NOx Control
Technologies, held in Raleigh, NC, June 2-6, 1986.
Fortynine papers were presented by EPA and EPRI
staff members representing utility companies, equip-
ment manufacturers, sorbent suppliers, and research
and development companies under contract to EPA,
EPRI, and other research groups. Additionally, re-
searchers from Austria, Canada, Finland, the Federal
Republic of Germany, and the Netherlands presented
information on worldwide technological developments
in dry S02 control. Topics discussed included en-
hanced sorbent utilization through thermal pretreat-
ment of sorbents or use of hydrated or promoted calci-
um-based sorbents, effects of temperature and other
injection parameters on sulfur capture efficiency, eco-
nomics of dry sorbent injection, post-furnace injection
for S02 control, effects of dry sorbent injection on
electrostatic precipitator performance, waste manage-
ment options, and the global status of commercial-
scale dry sorbent injection processes.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur di-
oxide, 'Nitrogen oxides, Sorbents, Waste disposal,
Electrostatic precipitators, Electric power plants, Per-
formance, Desulfurization, Flue gases, Atmospheric
dispersion, Stationary sources.
PB87-120507/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Leaching and Hydraulic Properties of Retorted Oil
Shale Including Effects from Codisposal of
Wastewater. Final rept. Oct 85-Feb 86,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins.
D. B. McWhorter, and D. S. Durnford. Oct 86,165p
EPA/600/7-86/035
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report discusses the development of methods and
data on the leaching and hydraulic properties of solid
residues from oil shale processing. A column test, the
Equilibrated Soluble Mass (ESM) test, was developed
as an aid to characterizing the chemical quality of the
first leachate that would issue from a disposal pile of
spent oil shale, simulated by moisturizing the solid to
the expected field water content, followed by an equili-
bration period. These tests indicate an overall negative
effect on leachate quality as a result of adding process
water to the solids. A variety of hydraulic properties
were measured in addition to leachate quality. Devel-
oped data permit distinguishing water transported by
vapor diffusion from water that moves as bulk liquid
flux.
Keywords: 'Shale oil, 'Waste water, 'Water pollution,
Waste disposal, Hydraulic conductivity, Tables(Data),
Residues, Stationary sources, Retorting, Leaching.
PB87-120515/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Assessment of Coal Cleaning Technology: Final
Report. Rept. for Jan 77-Jan 81,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
L. C. McCandless, A. B. Onursal, and J. M. Moore. Oct
86, 209p EPA/600/7-86/037
Contract EPA-68-02-2199
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of tests at seven coal prepara-
tion plants to evaluate the performance of froth flota-
tion cells and dense-medium cyclones in removing ash
and sulfur (S) from fine coal (Minus 28 mesh). Flotation
circuits tested at four plants showed substantial reduc-
tions in coal ash content (64-88%), pyritic S content
(48-65%), and sulfur dioxide (S02) emission (ex-
pressed as ng S02/million Btu; 15-87%) at mean
weight recoveries of 11 -54%. Raw and clean coal data
sets were found to exhibit statistical properties that
can be characterized by time series models. The use
of low S coal, PCC, or chemical coal cleaning (CCC)
was evaluated for compliance with potential S02 emis-
sion limits for industrial boilers. PCC can achieve mod-
erate S reductions in (high S) Northern Appalachian
and Midwestern coals, but few of these coals can be
cleaned to meet a 516 ng S02/million Btu standard.
Many Southern Appalachian, Alabama, or Western
coals are capable of meeting the standard as mined or
after cleaning.
Keywords: 'Coal preparation, "Air pollution control,
Assessments, Cleaning, Sulfur dioxide, Tables(Data),
Desulfurization, Flotation, Boilers, Environmental sur-
veys, Performance, Stationary sources.
PB87-120614/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Exposure Assessment for Hexachlorobenzene.
Final rept.,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
C. Carpenter, G. Schweer, G. Stinnett, and N. Gabel.
Sep 86, 402p EPA/560/5-86/019
Contract EPA-68-02-3968
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Toxic Substances.
The report analyzes the exposure of the human popu-
lation to hexachlorobenzene (HCB), a fully chlorinated,
six-membered aromatic carbon compound that has
been used as a pesticide and is also present as a con-
taminant in other agriculturally dispersed organochlor-
ine compounds. HCB also has been used, in the past,
in several manufacturing processes not related directly
to agriculture. It has been detected in nearly all human
fat samples monitored in the U.S.A. Section 2 of the
report lists the chemical and physical properties of
HCB. Section 3 presents a source assessment, which
contains estimates on HCB releases to the environ-
ment. Section 4 provides information of the environ-
mental fate of HCB in air, water, and soil, along with a
discussion of the bioaccumulation of HCB in plants
and animals. A discussion of the available monitoring
data is included in Section 5. Section 6 presents the
modeling results of the estimated HCB concentrations
in air near incinerators that may release HCB and in air
and ground water near model landfills that contain
HCB. Several exposure scenarios are presented in
Section 7. Finally, conclusions and hypotheses are
provided in Section 8.
Keywords: "Humans, "Exposure, Chlorine organic
compounds, Assessments, Public health, Air pollution.
Water pollution, Land pollution, Pesticides, Bioaccu-
mulation, Concentration(Composition), "Toxic sub-
stances, 'Benzene, 'Environmental monitoring, Envi-
ronmental health, Environmental transport, Environ-
mental fate, Ingestion, CAS 118-74-1.
PB87-120978/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Toxic Substances.
Asbestos in Buildings: Outdance for Service and
Maintenance Personnel,
Battelle Columbus Labs., Washington, DC.
D. L. Keyes. Jul 85,21 p EPA/560/5-85/018
Contract EPA-68-02-4243
See also Spanish version, PB87-120986, and PBB6-
116522. Prepared in cooperation with Environmental
Sciences, Tucson, AZ. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The illustrated booklet has been prepared by the
United States Environmental Protection Agency to
assist service and maintenance personnel in imple-
menting special Operating and Maintenance proce-
dures in buildings containing asbestos. The informa-
tion is extracted from 'Guidance for Controlling Asbes-
tos-Containing Materials in Buildings' (EPA 560/5-85-
024).
Keywords: "Asbestos, "Buildings, Removal, Guidance,
Maintenance, Materials handling, Air pollution control,
Public health, Disposal, "Indoor air pollution, Health
hazards.
PB87-120986/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Asbestos En Edificios: Quia para el Personal dl
Servicio y Mantenlmlento (Asbestos in Buildings:
Guidance for Service and Maintenance Person-
nel)-
Battelle Columbus Labs., Washington, DC.
D. L. Keyes. Jul 85,21 p EPA/560/5-85/018
Text in Spanish. See also English version, PB87-
120978. Prepared in cooperation with Environmental
Sciences, Tucson, AZ. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic
Substances.
The illustrated booklet for Spanish speaking employ-
ees, has been prepared by the United States Environ-
mental Protection Agency to assist service and main-
tenance personnel in implementing special Operating
and Maintenance procedures in buildings containing
asbestos. The information is extracted from 'Guidance
for Controlling Asbestos-Containing Materials in Build-
ings' (EPA 560/5-85-024).
Keywords: "Asbestos, Buildings, Maintenance, Guid-
ance, Removal, Materials handling, Air pollution con-
trol, Public health, Disposal, "Indoor air pollution,
Health hazards.
PB87-121083/HSU	PC A24/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Epidemiologic Study Conducted in Populations
Living Around Non-Ferrous Smelters. Volume 1,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. W. Handy, B. S. H. Harriss, T. D. Hartwell, and S. R.
Williams. Aug 86, 562p EPA/600/1-81 /070A
Contract EPA-68-02-2442
See also PB87-121091. Sponsored by Health Effects
Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The research was initiated to study heavy metal levels
in environmental media and biological specimens in
the vicinity of nonferrous smelters located in the conti-
nental United States. Previous studies at other smelt-
ers indicated that there was sometimes a relationship
between both environmental and biological heavy
metal levels and the proximity to the smelter. The va-
lidity of these relationships was subject to some dis-
pute because there was not uniform concordance at
all sites, observations were often limited to younger
age groups, and nonsystematic environmental sam-
pling was frequently used. The present study was de-
signed to resolve some of these problems. Information
was sought on the degree of contamination about cer-
tain smelters: associations between heavy metal con-
centrations in the environment or in human subjects
and distance from the smelter were determined. Other
potential sources of heavy metals were also investigat-
ed. Correlations between environmental concentra-
tions and concentrations in human subjects across
age groups were also calculated.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Industrial plants, "Sulfur di-
oxide, Epidemiology, Smelters, "Heavy metals, Toxic
substances.
PB87-121091/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Epidemiologic Study Conducted In Populations
Living Around Non-Ferrous Smelters, Volume 2,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. W. Handy, B. S. H. Harriss, T. D. Hartwell, and S. R.
Williams. Aug 86, 660p EPA/600/1-81 /070B
Contract EPA-68-02-2442
See also PB87-121083. Sponsored by Health Effects
Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The research was initiated to study heavy metal levels
in environmental media and biological specimens in
the vicinity of nonferrous smelters located in the conti-
nental United States. Previous studies at other smelt-
ers indicated that there was sometimes a relationship
between both environmental and biological heavy
metal levels and the proximity to the smelter. The va-
lidity of these relationships was subject to some dis-
pute because there was not uniform concordance at
all sites, observations were often limited to younger
age groups, and nonsystematic environmental sam-
pling was frequently used. The present study was de-
signed to resolve some of these problems. Information
was sought on the degree of contamination about cer-
tain smelters: associations between heavy metal con-
centrations in the environment or in human subjects
and distance from the smelter were determined. Other
potential sources of heavy metals were also investigat-
ed. Correlations between environmental concentra-
tions and concentrations in human subjects across
age groups were also calculated.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Industrial plants, "Sulfur di-
oxide, Epidemiology, Smelters, "Heavy metals, Toxic
substances.
PB87-121752/HSU	PC E99
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Nonferrous
Metals Forming and Metal Powders: Point Source
Category.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Industrial Technology Div.
Sep 86,2367p-in 3v
Set includes PB87-121760 through PB87-121786.
No abstract available.
PB87-121760/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Nonferrous
Metals Forming and Metal Powders: Point Source
Category. Volume 1. Final rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Industrial Technology Div.
J. K. Goodwin. Sep 86,460p EPA/440/1-86/019-1
See also Volume 2, PB87-121778.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB87-
121752.
The document presents the data and technical ration-
ale that formed the basis of the final effluent guidelines
limitations and standards regulation for the nonferrous
metals forming and metal powders category. The doc-
ument describes the category which includes the form-
ing and powder metallurgy processes performed on all
nonferrous metals other than aluminum; copper and
beryllium.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Industrial
coastes, Guidelines, Standards, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Waste water, Contami-
nants, Effluents, "Nonferrous metals, "Metal powder,
"Point sources.
PB87-121778/HSU	PC A99/MF E06
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Nonferrous
Metals Forming and Metal Powders: Point Souree
Category. Volume 2. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Industrial Technology Div.
J, K, Goodwin. Sep B6,945p EPA/440/1-86/019-2
See also Volume 1, PB87-121760, and Volume 3,
PB87-121786.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB87-
121752.
The document presents the data and technical ration-
ale that formed the basis of the final effluent guidelines
limitations and standards regulation for the nonferrous
metals forming and metal powders category. The doc-
ument describes the category which includes the form-
ing and powder metallurgy processes performed on all
nonferrous metals other than aluminum; copper and
beryllium.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Industrial wastes,
Guidelines,	Standards,	Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Waste water, Effluents,
Waste treatment. "Point sources, "Nonferrous metals,
"Metal powder.
PB87-121786/HSU	PC A99/MF E06
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Nonferrous
Metals Forming and Metal Powders: Point Source
Category. Volume 3. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Industrial Technology Div.
J. K. Goodwin. Sep 86,962p EPA/440/1-86/019-3
See also Volume 2, PB87-121778.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB87-
121752.
The document presents the data and technical ration-
ale that formed the basis of the final effluent guidelines
limitations and standards regulation for the nonferrous
metals forming and metal powders category. The doc-
ument describes the category which includes the form-
ing and powder metallurgy processes performed on all
nonferrous metals other than aluminum; copper and
beryllium.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Industrial wastes,
Regulations, Guidelines, Standards, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Waste water, Effluents,
Waste treatment, Cost analysis, "Point sources, "Non-
ferrous metals, "Metal powder.
PB87-121877/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 104: Terbutryn.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1986,11 p EPA/540/ FS-87/009
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Her-
bicides, Agricultural products, "Toxic substances,
•Terbutryn, Path of pollutants, Chemical information
fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, Triazine/
(tert-butylamino)-(ethylamino)-(methylthio)-s, CAS
886-50-0.
PB87-122131/HSU	PC A04/MF AOf
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Overview and Evaluation of Section 108-A Great
Lakes Demonstration Program*. Rept. for 1971-85,
North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service, Raleigh.
A. D Newell, L. C. Stanley, M. D. Smolen, and R. P.
Maas. Jul 86, 74p EPA/905/9-86/006,, GLNPO-86/
04
Grant EPA-R-005863-01
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Chi-
cago, IL. Great Lakes National Program Office.
The 28 multi-demonsional projects discussed in the
report major goals included a agricultural pollution
control through implementation of Best Management
Practices (BMPs), public education on water quality
issues, and documentation of water quality results
through monitoring. The 108a demonstration projects
brought to public view technologies to prevent over-
flows from sewers, to improve malfunctioning septic
systems, to improve phosphorus removal in
wastewater treatment facilities, and to evaluate sever-
al agricultural BMPs, primarily through methods of con-
servation tillage.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Agriculture, Culti-
vation, Soil conservation, Erosion control, Septic
tanks, Sewers, Failure, Overflows, Combined sewers,
Phosphorus, Removal, Monitoring, Nonpoint sources,
Best management practices, Great Lakes
Region(Umted States), Land application.
PB87-122149/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Northern Wayne County Conservation Tillage
Demonstration Project. Final rept. 1982-85,
Wayne County Soil and Water Conservation District,
Sodus, NY.
T. DeRue, and J. Smith. Jun 86, 98p EPA/905/2-86/
001,, GLNPO-86/02
Grant EPA-S-005723
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Chi-
cago, IL. Great Lakes National Program Office.
The Project has been a three year program to demon-
strate and accelerate adoption of no-till in Wayne
County. At the end of three years, the project expected
to have exposed farmers to no-tillage farming through
demonstrations, tours and meetings. No-till would be
an established practice on some farms and introduced
on others. Need for erosion control and prevention of
off-farm impacts on water quality would be recognized.
Keywords: 'Soil conservation, "Cultivation, 'Farm
crops, Erosion control, Herbicides, Area, Farms, Tech-
nical assistance, New York, No-till farming, Strip crop-
ping, Wayne County(New York).
PB87-123162/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA
Region X.
Emissions Test Report Air Toxics Sampling at
Wyckoff, Inc., Balnbridge Island, Washington.
Engineering-Science, Fairfax, VA.
Mar 86,90p EPA/910/9-86/149
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seat-
tle, WA. Region X.
The report discusses the results of sampling two
vacuum exhausts and the fugitive emissions from two
retorts at Wyckoff, Inc.'s creosote treating plant.
Keywords: Industrial wastes, Exhaust emissions,
Concentration(Composition), Vacuum apparatus,
Tables(Data), Contaminants, * Air pollution sampling.
PB87-123170/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Clean Streams Handbook: A Citizen's Manual for
Building a Clean Water Community,
Sierra Club, Seattle, WA. Northwest Office.
K. Ensroth. Jan 81, 73p EPA/910/9-80/073
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seat-
tle, WA. Region X, and Municipality of Metropolitan Se-
attle-METRO, WA.
The Handbook is intended for use by anyone who
cares about streams and wants to know. It is a tool
which identifies types of water pollution, immediate
and long-term corrective actions and pollution control
laws and agencies.
Keywords: 'Stream pollution, "Water pollution control,
Manuals, Land use, Stream flow, Legislation, Citizen
participation, Publicity, Fishes, Salmon,
Law(Jurisprudence), Nonpoint sources.
PB87-123212/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Emissions Test Report: Air Toxics Sampling at
Reichhold Chemical, Tacoma, Washington.
Engineering-Science, Fairfax, VA.
Mar 86, 55p EPA/910/9-86/150
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle,
WA. Region X.
From July 22 to August 2, 1985, ES sampled five
sources at two plants in the Seattle, Washington area
to collect data on emission of toxic compounds. The
report discusses the results of sampling the discharge
from an afterburner on a coating line.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Chemical analysis, Environ-
mental surveys, Combustion products,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), "Toxic
substances, "Air sampling, Seattle(Washington).
PB87-123550/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.	_ ,
Determination of Air Toxic Emissions from Non-
Traditional Sources in the Puget Sound Region.
Engineering-Science, Inc., Boise, ID.
Apr 86,151p EPA/910/9-86/148
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seat-
tle, WA. Region X, and Puget Sound Air Pollution Con-
trol Agency, Seattle, WA.
The report was prepared for developing emission esti-
mates for several selected non-traditional sources in
the Puget Sound Region. The investigation consists of
five source categories: Publicly Owned Treatment
Works(POTW); Industrial Wastewater Treatment
Plants; Superfund Clean-up Sites; Municipal Landfills;
and Hazardous Waste Treatment Storage and Dispos-
al Facilities (TSDFs). To ensure a broad review of non-
traditional sources, emissions were to be estimated for
facilities from each category. In evaluating emissions,
no selected or limited list of toxic materials was used;
however, almost all available analyses of waste waters
were prepared to evaluate the presence of EPA's pri-
ority pollutant list.
Keywords:	"Air	pollution	control,
Concentration(Composition), Contaminants, Waste
water. Storage, Disposal, Earth fills, Sources,
Tables(Data), Sewage treatment, "Environmental
monitoring, "Toxic substances, "Nonpoint sources,
Hazardous wastes, Priority pollutants.
PB87-124046/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Programs in Alaska: An EPA (Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency) Report 1986.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
1986, 14p EPA/910/9-86/152
The report discusses from an EPA perspective the
major environmental issues in Alaska today. The
status of the federal-state partnership is emphasized.
Following the description of important issues, EPA's
grants to the state are listed.
Keywords: "Pollution, "Environmental impacts, "Gov-
ernment policies, "Alaska, National government, State
government, Grants, Project planning, Water pollution,
Mining, Seafood, Food processing, Air pollution, Toxic-
ity, Pesticides, Asbestos, Hazardous materials.
PB87-124053/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Public Interest Groups Directory.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
1986, 28p EPA/910/9-86/145
The directory includes a listing of organizations active
in concerns related to the environment.
Keywords: "Environments, "Organizations, "Conser-
vation, "Directories, State government, National gov-
ernment, Pollution, Warning systems, Risk, Accidents,
Hazardous materials, Air pollution, Water pollution,
Regulations, Public health.
PB87-124061/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Touching All the Bases - A Financial Management
Handbook for Your Wastewater Treatment
Project.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Municipal Pollution Control.
Sep 86, 75p EPA/430/9-86/001
The handbook explains how to manage your communi-
ty's finance during the planning and construction of a
wastewater treatment system.
Keywords: "Financial management, "Sewage treat-
ment, Construction, Grants, Law(Jurisprudence), Na-
tional government, State government, Regulations, In-
ventories, Accounting, Financing, Contracts, Cash
flow, Handbooks.
PB87-124079/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse:
Methods for Pollutant Selection and Prioritization.
Final rept.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Jul 86, 74p RAD-86-239-001 -02-06, EPA/450/5-86/
010
Contract EPA-68-02-4330
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The purpose of the report is to describe various meth-
odologies for selecting and prioritizing substances of
concern within an air toxics program. The report is
aimed at helping State and local agencies in selecting
substances for review and choosing an existing
system or creating a system to prioritize substances.
Information on the pollutant selection methodologies
described was provided by several State and local
agencies as well as by EPA. The prioritization method-
ologies presented were developed by State and local
agencies, EPA, and other Federal agencies.
Keywords: Air pollution, State government, Local gov-
ernment, Contaminants, "Toxic air pollutants, Priority
pollutants, National Air Toxics Information Clearing-
house.
PB87-124384/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 61: Sodium Oma-
dine.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
16 Jul 85, 5p EPA/540/FS-87/094
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology,
"Toxic substances, "Sodium omadine, Path of pollut-
ants, Chemical information fact sheet, Use patterns,
Science findings, Pyridinethione/hydroxy-lsodium
salt), CAS 15922-78-8.
PB87-124392/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 51: Sulfuryi Fluoride.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Jun 85, 6p EPA/540/FS-87/096
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology,
Concentration(Composition), Fumigation, "Toxic sub-
stances, "Sulfuryi fluoride, Path of pollutants, Chemi-
cal information fact sheet, Use patterns, Science find-
ings, CAS 2699-79-8.
PB87-124723/HSU	PC A02/MF AOI
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 70: Pronamide.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jul 86,11p EPA/540/FS-87/091
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials. Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, Herbicides, "Toxic substances
"Pronamide, Path of pollutants, Chemical Information
fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, Benzam-
ide/dichloro-N-(dimethyl-propynyl), CAS 23950-58-5
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-124731/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 71: Metsulfuron
methyl.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
28 Mar 86,8p EPA/540/FS-87/079
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Her-
bicides, Agricultural products, 'Toxic substances,
'Metsulfuron methyl, Path of pollutants, Chemical in-
formation fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings,
Benzoic acid/((((methoxy-methyl-triazinyl)-amino)-car-
bonyl)-amino)-sulfonyl-(methyl-ester), CAS 74223-64-
6.
PB87-124749/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 22.1: Fonolos.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1 Feb 85, 6p EPA/540/FS-87/067
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred, (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, In-
secticides, Soils, Agricultural products, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Fonofos, Path of pollutants, Chemical infor-
mation fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings,
Phosphonodithioate/(ethyl-S-phenyl)-ehtyl, CAS 944-
22-9.
PB87-124756/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 86: Fluvalinate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
31 Mar 86,10pEPA/540/FS-87/066
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products. Insecticides, 'Toxic substances,
'Fluvalinate, Path of pollutants, Chemical information
fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings. Phenoxy-
phenyl/N(chloro-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl)-valine-
cyano-(methyl-ester), CAS 69409-94-5.
PB87-124764/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 90: Command Herbi-
cide.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1 May 86,6p EPA/540/FS-87/040
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials. Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Her-
bicides, Agricultural products, "Toxic substances,
"Command herbicide, Path of pollutants, Chemical in-
formation fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings.
PB87-124772/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 80: Potassium Per-
manganate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Sep 85,6p EPA/540/FS-87/090
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Potassium permanganate,
Hazardous materials, Chemical properties, Regula-
tions, Toxicology, Ecology, Potassium inorganic com-
pounds, 'Toxic substances, Path of pollutants, Chemi-
cal information fact sheet, Use patterns, Science find-
ings, CAS 7722-64-7.
PB87-125522/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 83: Imazaquin (Scep-
ter).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
20 Mar 86,8p EPA/540/FS-87/072
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, Herbicides, "Toxic substances,
'Imazaquin, Path of pollutants, Chemical information
fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, Quinoline
carboxylic acid/(dihydro-methyl-(methylethyl))-oxoimi-
dolyl.
PB87-125S30/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 79: Sodium arid Cal-
cium Hypochlorite.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1 Feb 86,6p EPA/540/FS-87/095
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology,
'Toxic substances, 'Calcium hypochlorite, 'Sodium
hypochlorite, Path of pollutants, Chemical information
fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, CAS 7681-
52-9, CAS 778-54-3.
PB87-125548/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 5.1: Terbufos.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1 Feb 85, 8p EPA/540/FS-87/098
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology. Agri-
cultural products. Toxic substances, 'Terbufos, Path
of pollutants, Chemical information fact sheet, Use
patterns, Science findings, Phosphorodithioate/S-
(((dimethyl-ethyl)thio)methyl)-diethyl, CAS 13071-79-
9.
PB87-125555/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 66: Magnesium
Phosphide.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1 Apr 86, 5p EPA/540/FS-87/077
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, Fumigation, 'Toxic substances,
'Magnesium phosphide, Path of pollutants, Chemical
information fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings,
CAS 12057-74-8.
PB87-125779/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse:
NATICH Data Base Report on State and Local
Agency Air Toxics Activities, July 1B86. Volumes
1 and 2. Interim rept.
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Jul 86, 862p RAD-86-239-001 -01-08, EPA/450/5-86-
011A,, EPA/450/5-86/011B
Contract EPA-68-02-4330
Supersedes PB86-200466. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The purpose of the report is to disseminate information
provided to the NATICH data base by State and local
air agencies on their air toxics activities. The comput-
er-generated report supersedes manually- and com-
puter-prepared interim reports published in September
1984, March 1985, and September 1985. It both up-
dates and extends (in new tables) the information in
the first three reports and contains information re-
ceived through April 1986. The report includes a listing
of State and local agencies that have provided infor-
mation to the Clearinghouse, air toxics contacts, ac-
ceptable ambient concentrations and standards and
the basis for those concentrations/standards; and in-
formation on regulatory programs, pollutant research,
methods development activities, permitting, source
testing, ambient monitoring, emissions inventory, risk
assessment, and State/local bibliographies.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, State government,
Local	government,	Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Standards, Risks, Con-
taminants, "Toxic substances, Air quality, Environmen-
tal monitoring, National Air Toxics Information Clear-
inghouse.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-125787/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse:
Bibliography of Selected Reports and 'Federal
Register' Notices Related to Air Toxics, July 1986.
Interim rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
B. K. Post, M. A. Bloomhardt, R. H. Phelps, and A. S,
Pelland. Jul 86, 888p* DCN-86-203-024-78-04, EPA/
450/5-86/008
Contract EPA-68-02-3889
Supersedes PB86-183456. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The purpose of the bibliography is to provide state and
local agencies with citations to reports and Federal
Register notices useful to them in developing and op-
erating air toxics control programs. The edition of the
bibliography updates, expands, and supersedes two
bibliographies previously published by NATICH: Bibli-
ography of Selected EPA Reports and Federal Regis-
ter Notices (January 1985) and Selected Bibliography
of Health Effects/Risk Assessment Information (July
1984). The citations selected for the bibliography were
compiled through April 1986.
Keywords: *T oxicity, * Air pollution, Hazardous materi-
als, Risk, Public health, State government, Local gov-
ernment, Standards, Abstracts, Technical reports, En-
vironmental Protection Agency, 'Federal Register.
PB87-126025/HSU	CP T99
Interactive Computer Model for Calculating V-l
Curves in ESPs (Electrostatic Precipitators) Ver-
sion 1.0 (for Microcomputers). Model,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
L. E. Sparks. Aug 86,2 diskettes EPA/SW/DK-87/003
The software is contained on 5 1 /4-inch diskette,
double sided, double density compatible with the IBM
PC XT/AT 2000 microcomputer. Diskettes are in the
ASCII format. Price includes documentation, PB87-
100046.
The two microcomputer programs are written to esti-
mate the performance of electrostatic precipitators
(ESPs): the first, to estimate the electrical conditions
for round discharge electrodes in the ESP; and the
second, a modification of the EPA/SRI ESP model, to
estimate the particle collection efficiency of the ESP
operating with the electrical conditions predicted by
the first program. Both programs, written in the BASJC
computer language, are designed for the IBM-PC and
compatible computers and the Tandy 2000 computer.
The programs require Advanced BASIC and a color
graphics adapter. The models are quite useful and
allow rapid assessment of expected ESP performance
under a wide variety of conditions. Software descrip-
tion: The program is written in the Basic programming
language for implementation on an IBM Tandy, PC,
XT, AT 2000, using the PC-DOS (2.0) or higher or the
MS-DOS (2.1) or higher operating systems.
Keywords: "Software, 'Electrostatic precipitators, *Air
pollution control equipment, Diskettes, Microcomput-
ers, Electrodes, Computer graphics. Adapters, Esti-
mating, "V-l computer program, L = BASIC, H = IBM-
Tandy, IBM PC/XT; IBM PC/AT 2000.
PB87-126033/HSU	CP T99
SOILINER Version 1 (for Microcomputers). Soft-
ware,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
D C. Ammon, and A. Otte. Jul 86,1 diskette EPA/SW/
DK-87/002
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskette,
double sided, double density compatible with the IBM
PC XT, AT, microcomputer. Diskettes are in the ASCII
format! Price includes documentation, PB87-100038.
Among the provisions of the Hazardous and Solid
Waste Amendments of 1984 are minimum technologi-
cal requirements for hazardous waste landfills, surface
impoundments and waste piles. These provisions are
found in Sections 3004(o) and 3015 of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and further
defined in the Part 264 regulation and associated guid-
ance Any new surface impoundment must install two
or more liners and a leachate collection system be-
tween such liners. The lower liner must be designed
operated, and constructed to prevent breakthrough of
706 Vol. 90, No. 24
constituents over the period of operation, including any
post-closure care period. A computer program, SOI-
LINER, has been developed to assist in the evaluation
of these liners. The program is for an IBM PC/XT and
IBM PC/AT or compatible personal computer. Soft-
ware description: The program is written in the Fortran
programming language for implementation on IBM-PC-
AT or XT or compatible using the DOS 2.1 (or higher)
operating system. 256K bytes of core required. Hard
disk required; Lotus 1-2-3 recommended for graphic
output; Math co-processor chip and graphics board
recommended.
Keywords: "Software, "Waste disposal, "Hazardous
materials, Earth fills. Diskettes, Regulations, Computer
graphics, "Solid waste disposal, "Sanitary landfills.
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Hazardous
and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984, L = Fortran,
H = IBM PC/XT, IBM PC/AT.
PB87-126041/HSU	CP T99
User Friendly IBM PC Computer Programs for
Solving Sampling and Statistical Problems (for
Microcomputers). Software,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
P. Lin. Jul 86,1 diskette EPA/SW/DK-87/001
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskette,
double sided, double density compatible with the IBM
PC microcomputer. Diskettes are in the ASCII format.
Price includes documentation, PB86-203783.
User friendly IBM personal computer programs were
developed for individuals engaged in assessing statis-
tical techniques and the quality sampling of a program.
The programs may be used to obtain the benefits of
the statistical package without an in-depth understand-
ing of the statistics employed. Detailed descriptions of
the statistical package are presented in the Appendi-
ces section of the accompanying report. To aid those
designing field sampling programs, a series of ques-
tions and answers are also listed in the report, together
with the names of the computer programs designed to
answer the questions . Software Description: The pro-
gram is written in the BASIC programming language
for implementation on an IBM-PC compatible micro-
computer and DOS operating system. Memory require-
ment is 360K.
Keywords: "Software, "Sampling, "Statistical sam-
pling, Quality control, Computer programs, Design,
Programs, Diskettes, Personal computers, User
needs, L=BASIC, H — IBM PC.
PB87-127759/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Integrated Air Pollution Control System Design
and Cost-Estimating Model Version 2 (IAPCS2).
User's Manual. Volume 2. Appendix C,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
P. J. Palmisano, and B. A. Laseke. Sep 86,336p*
EPA/600/8-86/031 B
Contract EPA-68-02-3995
For system on diskette, see PB87-127775. See also
PB87-127767. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The manual describes and is a guide to the user of
Version II of the Integrated Air Pollution Control
System (IAPCS-II), a computerized simulation model
for estimating the costs and predicting the perform-
ance of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate
matter control systems for coal-fired utility boilers. It
gives the design bases of the modules comprising the
model and the structure of the program itself, as well
as the bases for a number of model enhancements
available to the user. The model includes conventional
and emrging technologies that effect pre-in situ, and
post-combustion emission control. The model can
accept any combination of the technology modules
built into the system. Interactions are reflected in a ma-
terial balance tabulation of the exit of each module. Al-
terations in the material balance are used to account
for integrated performance and cost effects. The emis-
sion control technologies contained in IAPCS-II can be
selected in either isolated or integrated configurations.
IAPCS-II incorporates a number of enhancements to
the design premises of the emission control modules,
as well as the model's user access and versatility.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Cost esti-
mates. Sulfur dioxide. Nitrogen oxides, Mathematical
models, Boilers, Utilities, Fabric filters, Cost analysis.
Electrostatic precipitators, Computer program, Station-
ary sources, Particulates, IAPCS-2 program.
PB87-127767/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Integrated Air Pollution Control System Design
and Cost-Estimating Model Version 2 (IAPCS2).
User's Manual. Volume 1,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
P. J. Palmisano, and B. A. Laseke. Sep 86,132p*
EPA/600/8-86/031 A
Contract EPA-68-02-3995
For system on diskette, see PB87-127775 See also
PB87-127759. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The manual describes and is a guide to the user of
Version II of the Integrated Air Pollution Control
System (IAPCS-II), a computerized simulation model
for estimating the costs and predicting the perform-
ance of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate
matter control systems for coal-fired utility boilers. It
gives the design bases of the modules comprising the
model and the structure of the program itself, as well
as the bases for a number of model enhancements
available to the user. The model includes conventional
and emerging technologies that effect pre-in situ, and
post-combustion emission control. The model can
accept any combination of the technology modules
built into the system. Interactions are reflected in a ma-
terial balance tabulation of the exit of each module. Al-
terations in the material balance are used to account
for integrated performance and cost effects. The emis-
sion control technologies contained in IAPCS-II can be
selected in either isolated or integrated configurations.
IAPCS-II incorporates a number of enhancements to
the design premises of the emission control modules,
as well as the model's user access and versatility.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Cost esti-
mates, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Computerized
simulation, Mathematical models. Boilers, Utilities,
Fabric filters, Cost analysis, Electrostatic precipitators.
Stationary sources, Particulates, IAPCS-2 model.
PB87-127775/HSU	CP T99
Integrated Air Pollution Control System Coat
Model Version 2 (IAPCS2) (for Microcomputers).
Model,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
N. Kaplan, and J. Palmisano. Aug 86,1 diskette* EPA/
SW/DK-87/004
The software is contained on 5 1/2-inch diskette,
double sided, double density compatible with the IBM
PC AT microcomputer. Diskettes are in the ASCI!
format. Price includes documentation, PB87-127767,
and PB87-127759.
The Integrated Air Pollution Control System (IAPCS) is
a computerized simulation model developed for EPA's
Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory
(AEERL) to estimate the costs and predict the per-
formance of sulfur dioxide (S02), nitrogen oxides
(NOx), and particulate matter (PM) emission control
systems for coal-fired utility boilers. The model in-
cludes conventional and emerging technologies that
affect pre-, in situ, and post-combustion emission con-
trol. The model can accept any combination of the
technology modules built into the system. Alterations
in the material balance are used to account lor inte-
grated performance and cost effects. The emission
control technologies contained in IAPCS can be se-
lected in either Isolated or integrated configurations.
The power of IAPCS lies in its ability to reflect integrat-
ed effects of various control configurations. This
allows the analyst to identity synergistic interactions
and thus optimize performance and cost in terms of in-
tegrated cost effectiveness. Software Description: The
program is written in the Fortran programming lan-
guage for implementation on an IBM-PC AT or com-
patible microcomputer using the PC-DOS operating
system. 512K bytes of core storage required. 1.5
Mbytes hard disk space; 80287 recommended.
Keywords: "Models-simulation, "Air pollution control
equipment, "Mathematical models, "Cost estimates
Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Boilers, Utilities, Cost
effectiveness, Diskettes, Stationary sources
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-128849/ HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Illinois State Implementation Plan for Air Pollution
Control. An Air Quality Analysis of the State Im-
plementation Plan for Sulfur Dioxide in the Alton-
Wood River Area of Madison County. Final rept.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Air Pollution Control.
Jun 86,52p IEPA/APC/86-019
Errata sheet inserted.
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health (NIOSH) has developed two data files, the Reg-
istry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS)
and the National Occupational Hazard Survey
(NOHS), which contain data on chemical toxicity and
worker exposure to chemicals. A technique for objec-
tively assessing the potential health risk due to chemi-
cal exposure in the workplace is described. Computer
algorithms used to combine information in NIOSH data
files to rank-order chemicals by considering toxicologic
properties and number of workers exposed are dis-
cussed. Their use in producing indices of the potential
health risk encountered by workers in specific indus-
tries and occupations arising from chemical exposure
are described. Five indices are identified and appropri-
ate algorithms are defined with examples of typical
index pages.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Sulfur dioxide, Illi-
nois, State government, Environmental surveys,
Standards, Concentration(Composition), Sampling,
Sources, * Air quality.
PB87-129250/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Reactivity Study of S02 Control with Atmospheric
and Pressure Hydrated Sorbents. Final rept. May-
Oct 85,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
B. J. Overmoe, J. M. McCarthy, S. L. Chen, W. R.
Seeker, and D. W. Pershing. Nov 86,126p EPA/600/
7-86/040
Contract EPA-68-02-3995
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of a study to develop an un-
derstanding of the factors that control the reactivity of
hydrated sorbents toward S02 in coal fired furnaces. It
focused on the impacts of hydrate properties (e.g., par-
ticle size, surface area, and chemical composition) and
the furnace temperature of the injection location. A
bench scale hydrator was used to produce atmospher-
ic and pressure hydrated sorbents, with parameters
pertinent to the hydration process varied. Study results
indicate that pressure hydrates generated under well
controlled conditions are more reactive than commer-
cially produced atmospheric hydrates. The important
production and operating parameters for the pressure
hydration process included the size and composition
of the quick-lime, the hydration temperature and pres-
sure, the rate of water addition, and the pressure pro-
gression during discharge. All hydrates, atmospheric
and pressure, exhibited a strong dependence on injec-
tion temperature.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Sulfur dioxide, 'Sor-
bents, Chemical reactivity, Absorbers(Materials), Fur-
naces, Graphs(Charts), Hydrates, Stationary sources.
PB87-129268/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Ferroalloy Industry Particulate Emissions: Source
Category Report. Final rept. Jun 84-Aug 86,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
E. J. Limberakis, J. Vay, and S. Gronberg. Nov 86,
107p EPA/600/7-88/039
Contract EPA-68-02-3157
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of a review of all available data
characterizing particulate emissions from ferroalloy-
producing electric arc furnaces. The data were sum-
marized and rated in terms of reliability. Total and size
specific emission factors were developed for the fer-
roalloy industry. The ferroalloy industry and furnace
operation were described in detail, with emphasis on
factors affecting emissions. A replacement for Section
7.4, Ferroalloy Production, in AP-42 was prepared
which includes size specific emission factors.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Ferroalloys, Iron and
steel industry. Particle size. Sources, Contaminants,
Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data), "Particulate sampling,
"Emission factors, "Stationary sources.
PB87-129284/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Nitrate Removal from Drinking Water in Glendale,
Arizona,
Houston Univ., TX. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
D. Clifford, C. C. Lin, L. L. Horng, and J. Boegel. Dec
86,140p EPA/600/2-86/107
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
A 15-month pilot-scale study of nitrate removal from
drinking water by ion exchange (IX), reverse osmosis
(RO), and electrodialysis (ED) was carried out in Glen-
dale, Arizona, where the raw water contained 18 to 25
mg/L N03-N. The experiments were carried out using
the University of Houston/U.S. EPA Mobile Drinking
Water Treatment Research Facility. All three process-
es could readily reduce the nitrate level far below the
maximum contaminant level of 10 mg/L N03-N. For
the desalting processes, the polyamide RO membrane
performed better than cellulose triacetate on the basis
of nitrate rejection-94% compared with 76%, respec-
tively. Regeneration of the nitrate-laden resin was
studied extensively using complete regeneration, par-
tial regeneration, and regenerant reuse. For complete
regeneration, the more dilute the regenerant, the more
efficient it was. Partial regeneration, consumed 37%
less NaCI than the most efficient complete regenera-
tion. Regenerant reuse and counterflow regeneration
were not effective.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Potable water,
"Chemical removal(Water treatment), Contaminants,
Concentration(Composition), Chemical analysis, Ion
exchanging. Water analysis, Graphs(Charts), "Ni-
trates, Reverse osmosis, Electrodialysis,
Glenda( Arizona).
PB87-129300/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Seasonal Variability In Prickly Pear Creek Water
Quality and Macroinvertebrate Communities,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
B. P. Baldigo, J. R. Baker, W. L. Kinney, and M.
Fillinger. Dec 86,44p EPA/600/2-86/104
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Investiga-
tions Services Co., Helena, MT. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Prickly Pear Creek, Montana, was sampled during four
seasons in 1982 and 1983 to attempt to relate biologi-
cal responses to fluctuations in discharge, in-stream
toxicity and metal concentration in the water column.
The biota (macroinvertebrate) were definitely impact-
ed directly downstream from a metal source during all
seasons, but no definite relationships among dis-
charge, metal concentration and biological response
could be established on a seasonal basis.
Keywords: 'Invertebrates, "Toxicity, "Water pollution,
"Prickly Pear Creek, Sampling, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Seasonal variations, Re-
sponses, Environmental impacts, Cadmium,
Lead(Metal), Zinc, Copper, Silver, Arsenic,
Graphs(Charts), Montana, Heavy metals.
PB87-129391/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
National Ecology Center, Fort Collins, CO.
Ecological Characterization of Rocky Mountain
Montane and Subalplne Wetlands,
Colorado Univ. at Boulder.
J. T. Windell, B. E. Wiltard, D. J. Cooper, S. Q. Foster,
and C. F. Knud-Hansen. Sep 86, 323p BIOLOGICAL-
86(11)
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Protection
Agency, Denver, CO. Region VIII. Sponsored by Na-
tional Ecology Center, Fort Collins. CO.
The ecological characterization of montane and subal-
pine wetlands encompasses the Rocky Mountain
region from the Mexico border in New Mexico north to
the Canada border in northern Montana and Idaho.
The characterization has application to those wetlands
located in adjoining mountainous regions of the West-
ern United States. The document provides a general
review of Rocky Mountain literature including discus-
sion of geology, hydrology, climate, and soils. There is
an especially comprehensive review of the ecological
classification of montane and subalpine wetland com-
munities with detailed descriptions of vegetation com-
position and illustration of many community types.
Keywords: "Plant ecology, 'Rocky Mountains, Ecolog-
ical succession, Classifications, Hydrology, Climate,
Soil properties, Geology, Taxonomy, Shrubs, Forest
trees, Vegetation, Water table, Nutrients, New Mexico,
Montana, Idaho, Tables(Data), Maps, "Wetlands,
Plant communities.
PB87-129409/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Preliminary Evaluations of Initial TSCA (Toxic
Substances Control Act) Section 8(e) Substantial
Risk Notices. January 1, 1983 to December 31,
1984.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Mar 85, 335p EPA/560/2-85/001
See also PB83-187815.
The volume contains, in ascending submission
number order, "status report' (i.e., preliminary evalua-
tions) prepared by staff of the Office of Toxic Sub-
stances in EPA's Office of Pesticides and Toxic Sub-
stances for initial submissions received by EPA from
chemical manufacturers, importers, processors, and
distributors from January 1, 1983 to December 31,
1984 untfer Section 8(e), the 'substantial risk' informa-
tion reporting provision of the Toxic Substances Con-
trol Act (TSCA). The status reports contained in this
compendium reflect only the initial phases of EPA's
evaluation process for the submitted information.
Keywords: Aldehydes, Chemical compounds, Plastics,
Evaluation, Risk, Hazards, Public health, Environmen-
tal surveys, "Toxic Substances Control Act, "Toxic
substances.
PB87-129S24/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Pilot Study of Sampling and Analysis for Polynu-
clear Aromatic Compounds in Indoor Air. Rept. for
1 Feb-30 Sep 84,
Battelle Columbus Div., OH.
J. C. Chuang, G. A. Mack, J. R. Koetz, and B. A.
Petersen. Dec 86, 223p EPA/600/4-86/036
Contract EPA-68-02-3487
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The report presents the results of a nine-home indoor
air study that the authors performed in Columbus, Ohio
in the winter of 1984. The main objective of the study
was the field evaluation of sampling and analysis
methodology. However, several additional results of
the study are interesting and useful, including the find-
ing of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) at
levels from 0.000 to 143 ng/cu m in residences, strong
correlations of these levels with smoking by occu-
pants, little influence of fireplace use on the PAH
levels, the identification of quinoline as a potential
marker for cigarette smoking, and measurement of 2-
and 3-nitrofluoranthene, which are potent mutagens,
at significant levels from 0.000 to 0.185 ng/cu m, also
correlated with smoking.
Keywords: "Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons,
"Chemical analysis, Concentration(Composition). Res-
idential buildings, Sources, Tables(Data), Ouinoiines.
'Toxic substances, "Indoor air pollution, "Air pollution
sampling, Particulates, Cigarette smoking, Wood burn-
ing appliances, Air quality, Nitrofluoanthene.
PB87-129S32/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Regrowth of Salmonellae In Composted Sewage
Sludge. Final rept.,
Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD.
W, D. Burge, P. D. Millner, N. K. Enkiri, and D.
Hussong. Dec 86,69p EPA/600/2-86/106
Prepared in cooperation with Maryland Environmental
Service, Annapolis. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
Research was conducted to investigate the regrowth
of salmonellae in composted sewage sludge. Though
composting effectively stabilizes and disinfects
sewage sludges, the decrease in salmonellae may be
only temporary, since this pathogen can survive and
grow without a human or animal host. Modification of
an agar medium improved our ability to detect salmo-
nellae in composts. Salmonellae was detected in four
composts from 30 composting sites across the United
States. To determine the nature of salmonella sup-
pression in composts, they investigated the effects of
groups of the compost microflora, and the characteris-
tics of the substrates used by salmonellae in com-
posts.
Keywords: "Salmonella, "Growth, "Composts,
"Sludge, Disinfection, Survival, Disease vectors, Agar,
Culture medium, Survival, Irradiation, Substrates, De-
tection, Bacteria, Graphs(Charts), Sewage sludge.
PB87-129540/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Phase Distributions of Low Volatility Organics In
Ambient Air,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
B. K. Cantrell, L. J. Salas, W. B. Johnson, and J. C.
Harper. Dec 86,80p EPA/600/3-86/064
Contract EPA-68-02-3748
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
Current strategies to control photochemical air pollu-
tion rely on abating the emission of volatile organic
compounds. Primarily, these compounds exist in the
vapor phase, and are those with a carbon number of
ten or less. Recent attention has been given to low-
volatility organic compounds (LVO) which may be par-
titioned between the gas and aerosol phases, and may
only partially participate in smog formation. A three-
part study was conducted to determine the role of such
LVO's. First, a comprehensive review was made of the
existing literature on atmospheric LVO to evaluate ex-
isting data and the measurement techniques used to
collect the data. Second, an effort was made to devel-
op an 'estimator' for the phase distribution of LVO's in
the atmosphere. The concurrent third part of the study
involved an attempt to develop and test an improved
and reliable collection and analysis technique for LVO.
An effective denuder device was developed which can
be used to provide a sample of the aerosol fraction of
LVO under laboratory conditions.
Keywords: "Air pollution control,
Concentration(Composition), Vapors, Aerosols, "Vola-
tile organic compounds. Air sampling. Phase distribu-
tions.
PB87-129557/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab
Geotextiles for Drainage, Gas Venting, and Ero-
sion Control at Hazardous Waste Sites. Final rept.
1981 -85,
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS. Geotechnical Lab.
R. C. Horz. Sep 86,158p EPA/600/2-86/085
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The document provides information on the properties
of geotextiles (engineering fabrics) and on the poten-
tial uses of geotextiles at hazardous waste sites. While
primarily intended to assist those involved in the
design of remedial measures for uncontrolled hazard-
ous waste landfills, the design procedures and criteria
set forth could prove equally useful to those designing
controlled land disposal facilities. This report is also in-
tended to be a source of technical information to aid
regulatory personnel in evaluating designs submitted
for approval. Subjects discussed include the types of
fabrics and related products currently available, the
various functions of these fabrics, test methods for
evaluating potential fabric performance, recommend-
ed design procedures for using geotextiles and related
products in drainage and erosion control systems, and
recommended installation procedures for the various
applications.
708 Vol. 90, No. 24
Keywords: "Textiles, "Fabrics, "Erosion control. Drain-
age, Venting, Design, Waste disposal, "Sanitary land-
fills, "Hazardous materials, Ground disposal.
PB87-129S65/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Triggering of a Cytolytic Factor with TNF-Like Ac-
tivity from Human Monocytes,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Clinical Research Branch.
H. S. Koren, K. P. McKinnon, and A. R. Chen. Jul 86,
36p EPA/600/D-86/127
Prepared in cooperation with Duke Univ. Medical
Center, Durham, NC.
Monocytes have a nonoxidative mechanism of tumor
cytolysis operative in CGD and in normal monocytes
under anaerobic conditions. The absence of competi-
tive inhibition provides negative evidence for a con-
tact-independent mechanism of cytolysis, confirmed
by the demonstration of a soluble mediator secreted
independently of effector-target cell contact. This cyto-
lytic monokine, a protein of apparent molecular weight
between 25,000 and 40,000, resembles TNF function-
ally and antigenically. Further work will be required to
demonstrate its biochemical identity, its precise mech-
anism of toxicity, and the extent of its importance in
vivo.
Keywords: "Monocytes, Humans, Protein, Toxicity, In
vivo analysis, "Cytolytic factor, TNF, Cytolytic mono-
kine.
PB87-129730/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Ambient Air/Source Transport and Transforma-
tion Relationships for Selected Hazardous Air Pol-
lutants,
Global Geochemistry Corp., Canoga Park, CA.
R. L. Brewer, R. J. Gordon, C. C. Lin, R. J. Countess,
and T. J. Peters. Nov 86,309p EPA/600/3-86/063
Contract EPA-68-02-3761
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Engineering-Science, Inc.,
Berkeley, CA. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric
Sciences Research Lab.
The study was undertaken with the goal of obtaining
information that could improve modeling technique for
hazardous organic vapors in the atmosphere. It was
proposed that both source-receptor and dispersion
models be applied. Detailed examination of alternative
choices for pollutant emission site and method of de-
termination was made. The benzene class as pollut-
ants, a waste disposal site near Taft, California (in the
San Joaquin Valley) as source, and Tenax adsorption
from the air, followed by thermal desorption and gas
chromatography as method of determination, were se-
lected. A combination of poor meteorological condi-
tions, inadequate sample collection and contribution
from other unidentified organic source prevented the
determination of suitable modeling determination.
Conclusions and recommendation for future sampling
studies are included.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Air pollution, At-
mospheric models, Dispersion, Benzene, Transforma-
tions, Contaminants, Concentration(Composition),
Tables(Data), "Volatile organic compounds, Air sam-
pling, Environmental transport, Fate of pollutants.
PB87-129763/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Siting Criteria for Regionally Located Wet Deposi-
tion Collection Sites,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
W. C. Eaton, and E. L. Tew. Dec 86, 9p EPA/600/4-
86/035
Contract EPA-68-02-4125
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The report provides a listing of siting criteria that can
be used in selecting sites for wet deposition measure-
ments in rural areas. The criteria are grouped into
three categories which address influences on the
sample collection from the point of view of (1) nearby
site influences, (2) local influences and (3) regional in-
fluences.
Keywords: "Site surveys, "Air pollution, Planning,
Rural areas, Criteria, "Environmental monitoring, 'Pre-
cipitation washout, Acid rain.
PB87-129771/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Protection of Citrus, 1979-March 1986, Citations
from AGRICOLA (Agricultural Online Access)
Concerning Diseases and Other Environmental
Considerations. Bibliographies and literature o1 agri-
culture (Final),
National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.
C. N. Bebee. Oct 86,157p BLA-53
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Pesticide Pro-
grams.
Citations are from the current AGRICOLA file, 1979-
March 1986, and include protection of citrus from in-
sects, nematodes, diseases, pesticides, fertilizers, and
other chemicals and environmental considerations,
sources have been limited to U.S. publishers.
Keywords: "Plant diseases, "Citrus trees, "Pest con-
trol, "Bibliographies, Citrus fruits, Protection, Insects,
Nematoda, Pesticides, Fertilizers, Organic com-
pounds, Environmental impacts.
PB87-129805/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of an EPA (Environmental Protection
Agency) High-Volume Air Sampler for Polychlorl-
nated Dibenzo-P-Dioxlns and Polychlorinated Di-
benzofurans,
Battelle Columbus Div., OH.
F. L. DeRoos, J. E. Tabor, S. E. Miller, S. C. Watson,
and J. A. Hatchel. Dec 86,36p EPA/600/4-86/037
Contract EPA-68-02-4127
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A High-Volume air sampler was evaluated for collec-
tion of poly-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and
polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF). The sampler
consists of a filter, polyurethane foam adsorbent car-
tridge, air pump, and environmental housing. The use
of an alternative adsorbent, silica gel, was also stud-
ied. The study was carried out using 1,2,3,4-tetra-
chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1,2,4,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-
furan,	1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
1,2,3,6,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran, octachlorodi-
benzo-p-dioxin, and octachlorodibenzofuran. The
overall average retention efficiency for all of the iso-
mers at two concentration levels was 99 percent lor
both the PUF and the silica gel adsorbents. The de-
sorption efficiency of the PCDD/PCDF isomers from
spiked filters was evaluated to assess the extent of mi-
gration of these compounds from the filter to the ad-
sorbent. Migration was dependent upon the isomers'
chlorination level with the less chlorinated, more vola-
tile isomers generally desorbing more efficiently.
Keywords: *Air pollution control equipment,
Concentration(Composition), Performance, Design,
Silica gel, "Air samplers, "Polychlorinated dibenzofur-
ans, "Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins.
PB87-129813/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Pilot Plant Demonstration of the Hyperbaric Ox-
yozosynthesls Process. Research rept. 1 Aug 83-1
Jul 85.
Monroe County Office of the Drain Commissioner, Mi
Dec 86, 85p EPA/600/2-86/103
Prepared in cooperation with Greenhorne and Q'Mara
Inc., Riverdale, MD., and HydroQual, Inc., Mahwah'
NJ. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency'
Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
A 3-month field demonstration study was conducted
on the hyperbaric oxyozosynthesis process for sludge
conditioning and stabilization at the Monroe, Michigan
Metropolitan Area Wastewater Treatment Facility. The
primary objective of the study was to evaluate the
process with respect to its effect on sludge dewetera-
bility, as measured by the Buchner funnel specific re-
sistivity test. The process had been demonstrated pre-
viously for sludge stabilization measured by bacteria
destruction. The present study confirmed that advan-
tage, also the ability to reduce odors. The findings of
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
process did not improve sludge dewaterability, but ac-
tually decreased dewatering characteristics some-
what. Also, the oxyozosynthesis process did not
achieve any significant reduction of sludge volatile
solids or total chemical oxygen demand.
Keywords: Pilot plants. Waste water. Waste treatment,
Sludge treatment, Ozonation, Oxygenation, Cost anal-
ysis, 'Oxyosynthesis process, 'Water pollution con-
trol.
PB87-129821/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Technical Resource Document: Treatment Tech-
nologies for Solvent Conta.
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
Oct 86, 799p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The report provides information that can be used by
environmental regulatory agencies and others as a
source of technical information describing waste man-
agement options for solvents and other wastes con-
taining low molecular weight organic compounds.
These options include waste minimization (i.e., source
reduction, reuse, recycling), treatment and disposal of
waste streams. Although emphasis is placed on the
collection and interpretation of performance data for
proven technologies, the full range of waste minimiza-
tion processes and treatment/recovery technologies
that can be used to manage solvent wastes is dis-
cussed.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Waste management,
Hazardous materials, Waste disposal, Organic sol-
vents, Performance, Materials recovery,
Concentration(Composition), 'Liquid waste disposal,
Solid wastes. Waste recycling.
PB87-129839/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Southeast Chicago Study: An Assessment of En-
vironmental Pollution and Public Health Impacts.
Final rept.,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Environmental Programs.
D. D'Auben. Mar 86,332p IEPA/ENV/86-008
Southeast Chicago, in the vicinity of Lake Calumet, is a
heavily industrialized region that has a long history of
serving as a disposal area for a wide variety of industri-
al, commercial, and residential wastes. In the late fall
of 1982, the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency
(IEPA) was asked by a citizens group, Irondalers to
Abolish the Chemical Threat (l-ACT), to conduct a
study of environmental pollution in this area with spe-
cial emphasis directed toward waste disposal prac-
tices. The final scope of work included a broad range
of environmental concerns relating to air, water and
land pollution issues. This scope of work was reviewed
and approved by the l-ACT liaison committee. Addi-
tionally, as part of the overall effort, an analysis of
available health statistics was performed by the Illinois
Department of Public Health (IDPH) to determine if
cancer rates or the number of birth defects occurring in
the area are unusual. The report summarizes the re-
sults of these study efforts.
Keywords: 'Public health, 'Environmental surveys,
Hazardous materials, Industrial wastes, Tables(Data),
Lake Calumet, Concentration(Composition), Land pol-
lution, Water pollution, Air pollution, 'Environment pol-
lution, 'Environmental impact assessments, 'Environ-
mental health, Hazardous wastes, Chicago(lllinois).
PB87-129979/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Comparison of Polyurethane Foam and XAD-2
Resin as Collection Media for Polynuclear Aro-
matic Hydrocarbons in Air. Rept. for 1 Aug 85-31
May 86.
Battelle Columbus Div., OH.
J C. Chuang, S. W. Hannan. and J. R. Koetz. Dec 86,
35p EPA/600/4-86/034
Contract EPA-68-02-4127
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The objective of the project was to evaluate the collec-
tion and retention efficiency for polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbon (PAH) adsorbed or spiked on polyure-
thane (PUF) and XAD-2 cartridges, and to compare the
effect of sampling temperature on retention efficiency
for PAH spiked on PUF and XAD-2 resin cartridges. It
appeared that XAD-2 resin has better collection effi-
ciency for volatile 2-ring PAH than does the PUF. In ad-
dition, some spiked volatile and reactive PAH were
well retained on XAD-2 resin, whereas only a small
portion of these compounds is retained on PUF after
exposure to ambient air at a 6.7 cfm flow rate for 24
hours. The retention efficiency for volatile PAH can be
improved by lowering sampling temperature. However,
the retention efficiency for reactive PAH such as
cyclopenta(c.d) pyrene cannot be improved at lower
sampling temperature. The losses of
cyclopenta(c,d)pyrene are not through volatilization
but are due to the reactivity of the compound.
Keywords: 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons,
Concentration(Composition), Performance, 'Particu-
late sampling, Volatile organic compounds, XAD 2
resin, Air sampling.
PB87-130274/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Report for Non-Flame Hazardous Waste Thermal
Destruction. Final rept. Jan 85-Jul 86,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
M. Malanchuk. Dec 86, 44p EPA/600/2-86/105
A laboratory apparatus, identified as the Thermal De-
composition Unit-Gas Chromatograph (TDU-GC)
system, has been used to investigate the impact of key
factors of the post-flame zone in the combustion proc-
ess upon the effluent decomposition products. The re-
sults from thermal treatment of various organic com-
pounds showed that: (1) Very good reproducibility
under similar test conditions was obtained for effluent
composition/concentration from initial thermal treat-
ment tests, of a solid, pentachloronitrobenzene, and a
volatile organic, chloroform. (2) Thermal decomposi-
tion profiles of individual organic compounds intro-
duced as the feed material to the system provided DE
(Destruction Efficiency) values for each compound. (3)
Products of Incomplete Combustion (PICs) were gen-
erated, sometimes in major quantity, that accounted
for a large portion of the elemental composition of the
feed material. (4) Test series concentrating on the
thermal treatment of chloroform showed major differ-
ences in PIC generation as a result of different atmos-
pheres (rich oxygen and reduced oxygen). It appeared
that several hundred degrees (C) higher temperature
would be needed to attain the same degree of destruc-
tion of the more refractory PICs in the reduced oxygen
atmosphere as was shown in the rich oxygen case.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Hazardous materials,
Combustion	products,	Performance,
Concentration(Composition), Graphs(Charts), 'Ther-
mal degradation, Hazardous wastes.
PBB7-130851/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Geotechnical Analysis for Review of Dike Stability
(GARDS). Technical Manual. Final rept. Oct 85-Sep
86,
Cincinnati Univ., OH.
R. M. McCandless, A. Bodocsi, and P. R. Ctuxton. Dec
86,171p EPA/600/2-86/109A
Contract EPA-68-03-3183
For system on diskette, see PB87-130969. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
The structure and capabilities of a user-friendly, inter-
active computer program developed for the stability
analysis of dikes (GARDS) are described. The program
was developed under the sponsorship of the U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency and therefore empha-
sizes Hazardous Waste applications although it is suit-
able for general use. It is designed to guide regulatory
personnel who have a geotechnical background
through the customary steps of earth dike analysis
considering slope stability, settlement, liquefaction, hy-
draulic flow and pressure conditions, and piping. The
GARDS software is designed for use on the IBM-PC/
XT, PC/AT, or compatible microcomputer. User docu-
mentation consists of this Technical Manual which in-
cludes program operational procedures, example
computer solutions for each analysis, and recom-
mended minimum safety criteria.
Keywords: "Dikes, Stability, Waste disposal, Hazard-
ous materials, Slopes, Settlement(Structural), Lique-
faction, Hydraulics, Pipe(Tubes), Wastes, Manuals,
'Geotechnical engineering, 'GARDS computer pro-
gram, H = IBM-PC/XT; IBM-PC/AT.
PB87-130969/HSU	CP D03
Geotechnical Analysis for Dike Stability (GARDS)
(for Microcomputers). Software,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
D. C. Ammon, R. McCandless, and P. Cluxton. Dec 86,
4 diskettes EPA/SW/DK-87/006
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskette,
double sided, double density compatible with the IBM
PC ST AT microcomputer. Diskettes are in the ASCII
format. Price includes documentation, PB87-130951.
The structure and capabilities of a user-friendly, inter-
active computer program developed for the stability
analysis of dikes (GARDS) are described, The GARDS
program is designed to guide a geotechnical non-spe-
cialist (EPA regulatory personnel) through the custom-
ary steps of earth dike analysis considering slope sta-
bility, settlement, liquefaction, hydraulic flow and pres-
sure conditions, and piping. The GARDS package is
designed for use on the I6M-PC/XT microcomputer.
User documentation consists of a combined Hand-
book/User's Manual (under development) which pre-
sents basic theory, program operational procedures,
and example long hand and computer solutions for
each analysis...Software Description: The program is
written in the FORTRAN program language for imple-
mentation on an IBM-PC AT, XT or compatible micro-
computer using a DOS 2.1 or higher operating system.
512K bytes of core storage are required. Note: A hard
disk is required; a color monitor is recommended.
Keywords: 'Software, 'Dikes, Stability, Hazardous ma-
terials, Waste disposal, Slopes, Settlement(Structural),
Liquefaction, Hydraulics, Pipes(Tubes), 'Geotechnical
engineering, 'GARDS computer program, L = Fortran,
H = IBM-PC/XT; IBM-PC/XT, Diskettes, Impound-
ments.
PB87-131009/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Information Systems Inventory User Instruction
Manual.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Information Resources Management.
30 Sep 86,57p EPA/SW/DK-87/005A
For system on diskette, see PB87-131017.
The Information Systems Inventory User Instruction
Manual provides a streamlined, step-by-step set of in-
structions on how to use the ISI. The manual takes the
user from loading the system in a PC to describing how
the ISI database is used. Detailed sections on the main
menu, system flow chart, search capabilities and main-
tenance functions are also described.
Keywords: 'Management information systems, 'In-
ventories, 'Information systems, Manuals, User
manuals(Computer programs), Instructions, 'Data
bases, Personal computers, IBM PC computers, User
needs.
PB87-131017/HSU	CP D04
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Informa-
tion Systems Inventory (for Microcomputers).
Software,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Information Resources Management.
G. Schisler. 1986,9 diskettes EPA/SW/DK-87/005
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskette,
double sided, double density compatible with the IBM
PC AT, XT microcomputer. Diskettes are In the ASCII
format. Price includes documentation, PB87-131009.
The EPA Information Systems Inventory (ISI) is main-
tained on an IBM PC which currently holds over 500
records, The ISI, written in dBase III, was developed to
enhance the Agency's ability to track major informa-
tion systems, facilitate sharing of information across
media and program boundaries and improve the Agen-
cy's oversight of information systems development.
For each system in the Inventory the following informa-
tion is included: system identification, descriptors of
database content, and administrative data about
access, and legal authorities. Report format options
are highly selective by searching and printing-ISI data
fields and accessing dBase lit provides additional ca-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
pabilities to produce individualized reports as needed.
The ISI is available in the EPA Headquarters library,
EPA Regional offices and laboratories and is managed
by the Information Management and Services Division
within OIRM...Software Description: The program is
written in dBase III for implementation on an IBM-PC,
AT, XT or compatible machines using the DOS operat-
ing system.
Keywords: 'Software, 'Management information sys-
tems, "Inventories, "Information systems, Records
management, Magnetic disks, Diskettes, "Data bases,
IBM-PC computers, Access, Legal aspects, DOS
system, Environmental Protection Agency, L = dBase
3, H = IBM PC; IBM PC/AT; IBM PC/XT.
PB87-131199/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 103: Cadmium Pesti-
cide Compounds.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 86, 7p EPA/540/FS-87/126
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Fun-
gicides, Cadmium inorganic compounds, Cadmium or-
ganic compounds, 'Toxic substances, Cadmium car-
bonate, Path of pollutants, Chemical information fact
sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, CAS 134A, CAS
135, CAS 136A, CAS 136B, CAS 051D, Cadmium
chloride, Cadmium sebecate, Cadmium succinate.
PB87-131629/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Primary Aluminum: Statistical Analysis of Potline
Fluoride Emissions and Alternate Sampling Fre-
quency. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Oct 86, 166p EPA/450/3-86/012
Statistical analyses were performed on 4 years of fluo-
ride emissions data from a primary aluminum reduction
plant. These analyses were used to develop formulae
and procedures for use by regulatory agencies in de-
termining alternate sampling frequencies for second-
ary (roof monitor) emissions testing on a case-by-case
basis. Monitoring procedures for ensuring compliance
even with a reduced test frequency are also ad-
dressed.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Aluminum industry,
"Fluorides, Sampling, Metal working, Statistical analy-
sis, Data analysis, Regulations, Tables(Data),
Graphs(Charts), "New Source Performance Stand-
ards.
PB87-131637/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Review of New Source Performance Standards
for Primary Aluminum Reduction Plants. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sep 86, 121p EPA/450/3-86/010
As required by Section 111 (b) of the Clean Air Act, as
amended, a four year review of the new source per-
formance standards for primary aluminum reduction
plants (40 CFR Subpart S) was conducted. The report
presents a summary of the current standards, the
status of current applicable control technology, and
the ability of plants to meet the standards. No revision
to the standards are recommended, but EPA should
make available a procedure upon which a decision to
reduce the frequency of secondary monitoring can be
made.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Aluminum industry,
Reaulations, Standards, Fluorides, Cost analysis, Con-
taminants, Metal working, "New Source Performance
Standards.
710 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB87-132098/HSU	PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
User's Guide for PEM-2: Pollution Episodic Model
(Version 2). Final rept.,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Oak Ridge, TN. Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion
Div.
K. S. Rao. Dec 86, 235p EPA/600/8-86/040
For system on magnetic tape, see PB86-222361.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
The Pollution Episodic Model Version 2 (PEM-2) is an
urban-scale model designed to predict short term av-
erage ground-level concentrations and deposition
fluxes of one or two gaseous or particulate pollutants
at multiple receptors. The two pollutants may be non-
reactive, or chemically-coupled through a first-order
chemical transformation. Up to 300 isolated point
sources and 50 distributed area sources may be con-
sidered in the calculations. Concentration and deposi-
tion flux estimates are made using hourly mean mete-
orological data. Up to a maximum of 24 hourly scenar-
ios of meteorology may be included in an averaging
period. The concentration algorithms used in PEM-2
are specially developed to account for the effects of
dry deposition, sedimentation, and first-order chemical
transformation. The Gaussian plume-type algorithms
for point sources are derived from analytical solutions
of a gradient-transfer model. The User's Guide lists the
concentration algorithms and computational tech-
niques used in the PEM-2 program, and describes the
input/output parameters, optional features, capabili-
ties, and limitations of the model. Modifications to the
previous version of the model are outlined. The infor-
mation in the report is directed to the model user and
the programmer.
Keywords: "Models(Simulation), "Air pollution, "Math-
ematical models, "Atmospheric diffusion, Magnetic
tapes, Fortran, Algorithms, Software, Computer pro-
grams, "Air quality, Point sources, PEM 2 models.
PB87-132783/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Borehole Sensing Methods for Ground-Water In-
vestigations at Hazardous Waste Sites. Summary
rept.,
Nevada Univ. System, Reno. Desert Research Inst.
S. W. Wheatcraft, K. C. Taylor, J. W. Hess, and T. M.
Morris. Dec 86,81 p EPA/600/2-86/111
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Geophysical methods are becoming a cost effective
approach to providing answers to hydrogeologic ques-
tions associated with ground-water contamination.
Geophysical methods applicable to hazardous waste
site investigations can be broken into two categories:
surface and subsurface methods. Surface methods
offer the advantages of relatively little capital invest-
ment at the site and rapid collection of data over a hori-
zontal area. Subsurface methods can be used only to
investigate an area immediately around the borehole.
However, subsurface methods provide excellent infor-
mation and resolution for vertical changes in measured
parameters. The report covers borehole geophysical
methods and addresses problems of site characteriza-
tion, contaminant plume detection and monitoring of
contaminant plumes.
Keywords: "Boreholes, "Geophysical prospecting,
"Hazardous materials, "Water pollution, Monitoring,
Plumes, Electromagnetic prospecting, Ground water,
Detectors, Water flow, Flow rate. Aquifers, Hydraulic
conductivity, Flow distribution, Subsurface investiga-
tions, Sites, Gamma rays, Well logging.
PB87-132791/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
GETS (GiH Exchange of Toxic Substances), A Sim-
ulation Model for Dynamic Bioaccumulatlon of
Nonpolar Organlcs by Gill Exchange: A User's
Guide,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
L. A. Suarez, M. C. Barber, and R. R. Lassiter. Dec 86,
54p EPA/600/3-86/057
A Fortran program that estimates the absorption and
depuration of a chemical across fish gills is described.
The program is based on a set of diffusion and forced
convection differential equations. Gill morphometry
parameters are computed by the program via its own
internal database. The database spans approximately
20 species. The program requires that the user input
12 relatively easily obtainable parameters.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, Simulation models,
Absorption, Depuration, Fishes, "Bioaccumulation, Gill
exchange, Fortran computer program.
PB87-132809/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Standardization of EPA (Environmental Protection
Agency) Method 8610, Part 2. Final rept. 1984-85,
Battelle Columbus Div., OH.
S. V. Lucas, A. Riggin, T. F. Cole, and W. M. Cooke.
Dec 86, 87p EPA/600/4-86/038
Contract EPA-68-03-1760
See also PB85-247013. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincinnati, OH.
U.S. EPA Method 8610, 'Total Aromatic by Ultraviolet
Absorption' was evaluated in conjunction with U.S.
EPA Method 3560, 'Reverse Phase Cartridge Extrac-
tion' for the separation and semi-quantitative determi-
nation of visible or ultraviolet absorbing organic com-
pounds listed in Appendix VIII of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The applicability of
these methods was investigated in a variety of ground-
water samples and method detection limit estimates
were refined. Seven groundwater samples, supplied by
ASTM Committee D-34 members, were evaluated for
background UV absorbance, and duplicate sample ex-
tractions were used to simulate down-gradient versus
up-gradient testing. Five Method 8610 analytes were
evaluated for spike recoveries from both reagent water
and a composite groundwater sample. Four analytes
had good total recoveries from reagent water ranging
from 79 to 108 percent with standard deviations
(except one analyte) ranging from 1 to 5 percent. Spike
recoveries for composited groundwater were not re-
producible due to a significant variability associated
with the presence of finely divided (<20 micron) par-
ticulate.
Keywords: "Standards, "Ultraviolet radiation, "Spec-
troscopic analysis, Chemical analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Water analysis,
Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), "Water pollution detec-
tion, EPA method 8610.
PB87-132817/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Pilot Demonstration of the Air Curtain System for
Fugitive Particle Control. Final rept Jun 82-Aug 86,
Air Pollution Technology, Inc., San Diego, CA.
R. L. Williams, and M. Duncan. Nov 86,135p EPA/
600/7-86/041
Contract EPA-68-02-3681
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of the demonstration of the
technical and economic feasibility of using an air cur-
tain transport system to control buoyant fugitive parti-
cle emissions. (Fugitive emissions are the major
source of uncontrolled emissions for many industrial
plants. There are now no high performance, inexpen-
sive control techniques available for many fugitive
sources. A simple and inexpensive method is to divert
the emissions with an air curtain into a control device
located near the source.) A horizontal air curtain was
used to capture and convey the buoyant fugitive parti-
cle emissions to a particle collection filter unit. High ef-
ficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters in the filter unit
collected the particles. The air curtain capture efficien-
cy, the measure of the air curtain's ability to capture
and convey the fugitive emission plume, was between
63 and 105%, depending on air curtain slot exit veloci-
ty, and subiect to + or - 18% error limit. The overall
capture and containment efficiency of the pilot plant
when operating in the appropriate slot velocity range'
can be expected to be between 90 and 99% when
considered as a package.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Air cur-
tains, Air filters, Particle size, Tables(Data), 'Fugitive
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-132825/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Construction Quality Assurance for Hazardous
Waste Land Disposal Facilities. Final rept. Sep 84-
Jul 86,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
C. M. Northiem, and R. S. Truesdale. Oct 86,102p*
EPA/530/SW-86/031
Contract EPA-68-02-3992
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Construction quality assurance (CQA) as applied in the
document uses scientific and engineering principles
and practices to ensure that a hazardous waste land
disposal facility is constructed to meet or exceed all
design criteria, plans, and specifications. The docu-
ment covers CQA for hazardous waste landfills, sur-
face impoundments, and wastepiles. The major com-
ponents of these facilities that are addressed include:
foundations, dikes, low-hydraulic-conductivity soil
liners, flexible membrane liners, leachate collection
systems and final cover systems. The document is in-
tended to complement the Minimum Technology Guid-
ance being issued by EPA's Office of Solid Waste. The
document describes these elements in detail and pre-
sents information on those activities pertaining to each
of the elements that are necessary to ensure that the
facility is constructed to meet or exceed the specified
design. It is intended for the use of organizations in-
volved in permitting, designing, and constructing haz-
ardous waste land disposal facilities.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Quality assurance,
'Construction management, "Licenses, Linings,
Covers, Sampling, Membranes, Permeability, "Land
disposal, Solid waste disposal, Leaching.
PB87-132833/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Development of Preservation Techniques and Es-
tablishment of Maximum Holding Times: Inorganic
Constituents of the National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System and Safe Drinking Water Act,
Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc., Gaines-
ville, FL.
H. S. Prentice, J. E. Singley, L. J. Bilello, J. T. McClave,
and K. L. Tuttle. Dec 86,164p EPA/600/4-86/043
Contract EPA-68-03-3066
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring and Support
Lab.-Cincinnati, OH.
The research program was conducted to develop sta-
tistically acceptable, experimentally determined maxi-
mum holding times (MHT) from quantitative, legally de-
fensible data acquired from representative real-world
samples. Ten National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) and two Safe Drinking Water Act
(SDWA) compliance parameters were studied in a total
of 18 experiments. Experimental results were com-
pared to EPA-proposed, recommended, or required
MHT values. Large volumes of samples were collected
from three different water sources and used for the ex-
perimental analyses of each study parameter. The de-
velopment of a statistical protocol to specify experi-
mentally determined MHTs included statistical tests to:
choose the best model (zero or first order), evaluate
the lack of linear fit for the model, and calculate MHTs
and the 90-percent lower confidence level of the cal-
culated MHT.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "Water analysis, Stor-
age, Contaminants, Effluents, Computer programs,
FORTRAN, Tables(Data), Mathematical models, Pre-
serving, Inorganic compounds. Waste water, "Maxi-
mum holding times, Protocols.
PB87-132841/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Investigation of Source Emission PM-10 Particu-
late Matter Field Studies of Candidate Methods.
Final rept.,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
W. E. Farthing, A. D. Williamson, S. S. Dawes, R. S.
Martin, and J. W. Ragland. Dec 86,145p EPA/600/4-
86/042
Contract EPA-68-02-3696
The report outlines the results of four field tests of two
candidate methods for source PM10 measurement.
The first method involves a new sampling train design
which incorporates emission gas recycle (EGR) to
avoid the anisokinetic sampling bias inherent in size
specific emissions measurement. The second tech-
nique, the simulated Method 5 (SIM-5) approach, uses
existing sampling hardware with an altered traversing
protocol to minimize this bias. The results of the test
series suggest that both techniques are sufficiently ad-
vanced that they should be documented in more detail
for potential use as sampling methods. Further, more
extensive testing should be performed in order to
define precision, reproducibility, and comparability of
each technique as well as identify potential sources of
interference or bias.
Keywords: "Air pollution, Concentration(Composition),
Accuracy, "Particulate sampling, Stationary sources,
Air pollution sampling.
PB87-1328S8/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Evaluation of Photovac 10S50 Portable Photoioni-
zation Gas Chromatograph for Analysis of Toxic
Organic Pollutants in Ambient Air,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
R. E. Berkley. Dec 86, 51p EPA/600/4-86/041
The objective of the study was to evaluate the Photo-
vac 10S50 portable photoionization gas chromato-
graph as a monitor for fourteen selected toxic organic
vapors in ambient air. These included benzene, tolu-
ene, bromo- and chloro-benzene, o-xylene, and nine
halo-methanes, ethanes, and ethylenes. Such analy-
ses have usually been done by gas chromatography
using a mass spectrometer as detector (GC/MS). The
procedure is inefficient in collection and delivery of an-
alytes to the GC/MS system and limits GC/MS analy-
sis of organic vapors in air to being a semiquantitative
method which may produce misleading results. A port-
able chromatograph with a detector sensitive enough
to detect pollutants without preconcentration could
avoid these shortcomings and supplement or comple-
ment data obtained by preconcentration/GC/MS.
Keywords: "Chromatographic analysis, Gas chroma-
tography, Contaminants, Performance, Sensitivity, "Air
pollution sampling, Toxic substances.
PB87-132866/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
American Chemical Society, Washington, DC.
Environmental Epidemiology: The Importance of
Exposure Assessment. Proceedings of the Sym-
posium on Exposure Measurement and Evaluation
Methods for Epidemiology Held at Chicago, Illi-
nois, September 8-13,1985,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
F. C. Kopfler, and G. F. Craun. Dec 86, 280p EPA/
600/9-86/030
Sponsored by American Chemical Society, Washing-
ton, DC.
Epidemiology studies are a valuable tool for assessing
the effects of chemical exposure in humans. While
they cannot directly prove a cause-and-effect relation-
ship, they can demonstrate an association between
environmental exposure to chemical(s) and observed
health effects in the exposed groups. The strength of
the association demonstrated depends on how accu-
rately exposure of the groups can be assessed. The
purpose of the symposium is to bring together epide-
miologists, chemists, and mathematical modelers so
that they can gain insight into each others needs and
capabilities, thus resulting in research projects that will
allow the exposure of subjects in epidemiologic stud-
ies to be more accurately assessed.
Keywords: "Meetings, "Exposure, "Epidemiology,
Toxicology, Assessments, Humans, Carcinogens,
Chemical analysis, "Toxic substances, Environmental
health, Monitoring.
PB87-133088/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Project MISTT (Midwest Interstate Sulfur Trans-
formation and Transport): Measurements and
Data Bass. Final rept.,
Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO. Dept. of Mechanical
Engineering.
N. V. Gillanf. Dec 86,146p EPA/600/3-86/067
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
Project MISTT (Midwest Interstate Sulfur Transforma-
tion and Transport) was an EPA-sponsored research
program of field measurements and data analyses car-
ried out in the mid-seventies in the St. Louis region.
The objective was to investigate quantitatively the dy-
namics and kinetics of sulfur compounds in the plumes
of large power plants and of the St. Louis urban com-
plex during their mesoscale transport. Major field pro-
grams were carried out in the summers of 1975 and
1976, involving the participation of about a dozen orga-
nizations from around the country. The main approach
was to make detailed three dimensional measure-
ments, both chemical and meteorological, primarily
from instrumented airborne platforms, and including
support from ground platforms. The report consists of
three parts: Part I describes the platforms and the
measurements; Part II gives a complete description
and documentation of the General Distribution Data
Base archived on magnetic tapes; and Part III is an un-
published Appendix providing a summary of each daily
mission of the primary sampling aircraft for each of the
two summer measurement periods.
Keywords: "Sulfur dioxide, "Sulfates, Plumes, Atmos-
pheric chemistry, Ozone, Urban area,
Concentration(Composition), Aerial survey, Monitor-
ing, Tables(Data), "Air pollution sampling, MISTT
project, Saint Louis(Missouri).
PB87-133096/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Pilot-Scale Evaluation of Top-inlet and Advanced
Electrostatic Filtration. Final rept. Feb-Sep 85,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A. S. Viner, G. P. Greiner, D. F. Furlong, and R. G.
Hurst. Nov 86,68p RTI-47U-2519-7, EPA/600/7-86/
042
Prepared in cooperation with ETS, Inc., Roanoke, VA.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of an evaluation of Advanced
Electrostatic Augmentation of Fabric Filtration (ESFF)
on a slipstream from a stoker-fired boiler. Advanced
ESFF, with its characteristic high-voltage center-wire
electrode, was compared with conventional filter bags
in the same baghouse using calibrated flow orifices.
The advantage of advanced ESFF was demonstrated
by consistently higher gas flow rates in the bags with
the corona producing electrodes. Analysis of the data
showed that the specific resistance of an electrostati-
cally enhanced filter was 70% less than that of a con-
ventional bag. An economic analysis showed a capital
cost savings of 26% with advanced ESFF based on
doubling the air/cloth ratio for advanced ESFF. In a
second test, the feasibility of using top-inlet filtration
on stoker fly ash was established. No definitive com-
parison with conventional bottom-inlet filtration could
be made in the allotted test period.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, Perform-
ance, Graphs(Charts), Electrostatics, Filtration, Flue
gases, Fly ash, Industrial wastes, Stationary sources,
Particulates, Fabric filters.
PB87-133104/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Catalytic Dehydrohalogenatlon: A Chemical De-
struction Method for Halogenatsd Organlcs. Final
rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. M. Harden, and G. G. Ramsey. Dec 86,44p EPA/
600/2-86/113
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Dehydrohalogenation shows potential as a means for
converting certain halogenated organics in wastes to
inorganic salts and gaseous aliphatic compounds. De-
hydrohalogenation is a dehalogenation/elimination re-
action that is initiated by a strong base. The resulting
products are the halide salt, water, and an elimination
compound. A novel reagent, sodium or potassium hy-
droxide mixed with a polyethylene glycol, is a very ef-
fective dehydrohalogenation agent. The reagent is
shown to dehalogenate six organic compounds that
are representative of low molecular weight compounds
encountered in hazardous wastes: CCI4, CHCI3,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
CH2CI2, C2H4Br2, and CCI3N02. Kinetics data for the
reactions of the reagent with the six compounds is
given to allow reactor design and calculation of de-
struction efficiency.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Waste disposal,
"Dehydrohalogenation, Chemical reactions, Halogen
organic compounds, Chemical reaction kinetics,
Hazard wastes, Toxic substances.
PB87-133112/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
PCB (Polychlorinated Biphenyl) Sediment Decon-
tamination - Technical/Economic Assessment of
Selected Alternative Treatments. Final rept. Jun
85-Feb 86,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
B. H. Carpenter. Dec 86,135p EPA/600/2-86/112
Contract EPA-68-02-3992
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Eleven emerging alternative treatments for PCB-con-
taminated sediments have been compared and ranked
using technical performance, status of development,
test and evaluation data needs, and cost as factors. In
ranking the processes, weights were assigned the fac-
tors to emphasize the extent of decontamination, the
estimated cost of treatment, and the versatility of the
process. The emerging treatment processes represent
six of the nine potentially applicable types of technol-
ogies: low-temperature oxidation, chlorine removal,
pyrolysis, removing and concentration, vitrification,
and microorganisms. On the basis of the comparisons
made, the treatment processes were ranked in the fol-
lowing order from highest to lowest: KPEG, LARC,
Acurex, Bio-Clean, Supercritical Water, Advanced
Electric Reactor, Vitrification, OHM Extraction, Soilex,
Composting, and Sybron Bi-Chem 1006. All the tech-
nologies except the advanced electric reactor require
further development and testing.
Keywords: "Decontamination, "Sediments, Economic
analysis, Hazardous materials, Cost estimates, Waste
treatment, Soils, Concentration(Composition), Effi-
ciency, "Polychlorinated biphenyls.
PB87-133286/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision li:
Applicator Exposure Monitoring,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
J. C. Reinert, A. P. Nielsen, J. E. Davis, K. D. Hickey,
and H. N. Nigg. Oct 86,128p EPA/540/9-87/127
Subdivision U is one of a series of the Pesticide As-
sessment Guidelines whose purpose is to aid pesticide
registrants and others in designing and carrying out
field studies which measure, using personal monitoring
techniques, potential dermal and respiratory exposure
to pesticides when used according to widespread and
commonly recognized practice. These guidelines ad-
dress direct exposure encountered during any pesti-
cide application operation and related occupational
activities including weighing and mixing the concen-
trated chemical, loading the material into the applica-
tion equipment, etc. These guidelines also include
indoor testing procedures to measure post-application
exposure to persons as a result of indoor use of pesti-
cides. However, post-application exposure to workers
as a result of outdoor uses is covered in Subdivision K
- Reentry Guidelines.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Exposure, Guidelines, As-
sessments, Concentration(Composition), Dosimetry,
Materials handling, "Toxic substances, "Environmen-
tal monitoring, Monitoring.
PB87-133468/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Simplified Volatile Organics Sampler. Final rept.
Doc 84-Dec 85
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
R. H. James, M. L. Bryant, R. E. Adams, and H. C.
Miller. Nov 86, 59p SORI-EAS-86-208, EPA/600/7-
86/045
Contract EPA-68-02-3696
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report describes the results of a task supporting
EPA in its efforts to license hazardous waste inciner-
ators. The study provided a design for a simplified
sampling system for medium levels of volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). Most of the study involved eval-
uation of sorbents and mixed-sorbent sampling tubes
to develop a rugged, compact VOC collection system.
The report describes the evaluation of sorbent materi-
als, the development of a sampling tube, and the labo-
ratory evaluation of the sampling system with several
VOCs. The simplified sampling system consists of a
single tandem-bed sorbent tube containing Tenax GC
and Spherocarb sorbents. Direct thermal desorption
into a GC/FID or GC/MS provides a rugged and
simple sampling and analysis system.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Incinerators, Sor-
bents, Materials recovery, Chemical analysis,
Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), "Air pollution sampling,
"Volatile organic compounds, Stationary sources,
Hazardous wastes.
PB87-133476/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Complex
Terrain Model Development: Description of a
Computer Data Base from the Full Scale Plume
Study, Tracy Power Plant, Nevada. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
L. E. Truppi. Dec 86,120p EPA/600/3-86/068
See also PB83-220020.
As part of the EPA's Complex Terrain Model Develop-
ment Program, the Full Scale Study was conducted at
the Tracy Power Plant near Reno, Nevada. S06 tracer
gas and oil-fog particles were injected into the base of
a 91.4 smokestack, and CF3Br tracer was released
from one of three levels on a 150-m tower upwind from
the targeted terrain. During 14 experiments at night or
early morning from August 6 to 27,1984, a tracer con-
centration data base of over 11,000 hourly samples
was accumulated for both tracers at 110 sites. Meteor-
ology data recorded on a 150-m tower included wind,
from triaxial propeller anemometers at six levels, sonic
anemometers at three levels and temperature from
sensors at six levels. All data, tracer and meteorologi-
cal, were stored on magnetic tape to provide an acces-
sible computer data base. Tape files were fully docu-
mented to facilitate utilization of the data base for
modeling efforts.
Keywords: 'Terrain models, *Air pollution, 'Mathemat-
ical models, Plumes, Electric power plants,
Concentration(Composition), Information system,
Sulfur oxides, Meteorology, "Tracer studies, "Air pollu-
tion sampling, "Air quality.
PB87-133484/HSU	PC A99/MF E06
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Nonferrous
Metals Forming and Metal Powders: Point Source
Category. Volume 3. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Industrial Technology Div.
L M. Thomas, L. J. Jensen, and W. A. Whittington. Sep
86,961 p EPA/440/1-86/019
See also PB83-228296.
Table of contents includes the following: Summary and
conclusions; Recommendations; Introduction; Industry
subcategorization; Water use and wastewater charac-
teristics; Selection of pollutant parameters; Control
and treatment technology; Cost of wastewater treat-
ment and control; Best practicable control technology
currently available; Best available technology eco-
nomically achievable; New source performance stand-
ards; Pretreatment standards; Best conventional pol-
lutant control technology.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Guidelines,
"Standards, Regulations, Industrial waste treatment,
Technology, Cost analysis, Performance, Air pollution,
Tables(Data), "Point sources, "Nonferrous smelting in-
dustry, Best technology, New source performance
standards.
PB87-134391/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Technical Resource Document for the Storage
and Treatment of Hazardous Waste in Tank Sys-
tems.
Hart (Fred C.) Associates, Inc., Washington, DC.
Dec 86, 453p EPA/530/SW-86/044
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The technical resource document is provided to help
owners and operators comply with the EPA's regula-
tions for hazardous waste storage and treatment tank
systems. The 13 sections cover the following topic
areas: (1) Introduction; (2) Background; (3) The Permit-
ting Process; (4) Written Assessment of Tank Systems
Integrity; (5) New Tank Design; (6) New Tank System
Installation; (7) Secondary Containment; (9) Appropri-
ate Controls and Practices to Prevent Spills and Over-
flows; (10) Inspections; (11) Response to Leaks or
Spills and Disposition of Leaking or Unfit-For-Use Tank
Systems; (12) Closure and Post-closure Care; and (13)
Special Requirements for Ignitible or Reactive and In-
compatible Wastes. Appendices include information
on pertinent EPA guidance manuals, applicable techni-
cal documents, and tank specific definitions. Also pro-
vided is a checklist (Appendix A) against which the
owner or operator can verify compliance with the regu-
latory requirements.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Waste treatment,
"Tanks(Containers), Storage tanks. Design, Regula-
tions, Installing, Performance, "Hazardous wastes.
PB87-136800/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Fossil and Nonfossil Fuel-Fired Industrial Boilers -
Background Information for Promulgated PM
(Particulate Matter) and NOx (Nitrogen Oxide)
Standards. Volume 3. Final environmental impact
statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Oct 86, 82p EPA/450/3-86/003
The document summarizes the comments received on
the proposed New Source Performance Standards
(NSPS) controlling particulate matter and nitrogen
oxide emissions from new, modified, and reconstruct-
ed industrial-commercial-institutional boilers (49 FR
25102). Additionally, the document contains a summa-
ry of the final standards and the environmental impacts
of the final standards.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Nitrogen oxides,
"Boilers,	Standards,	Performance,
Concentration(Composition), Environmental impacts,
"Particulates.
PB87-136941/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Department of the Navy, Washington, DC.
Fire and Smoke: Understanding the Hazards. Final
rept., Jan 85-Aug 86.
National Research Council, Washington, DC. Commis-
sion on Life Sciences.
1986, 169p
Contract EPA-68-02-4122
Sponsored by Department of the Navy, Washington,
DC., Consumer Product Safety Commission, Washing-
ton, DC., Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, DC., and Federal Aviation Administration, Wash-
ington, DC.
Review of state of the art of combustionjjroduct toxici-
ty testing and fire hazard assessment. The report dis-
cusses recent fire death trends in the light of current
concepts of modern fire hazard. Also considered are
the relationship between the physiologic and behavior-
al end points currently used in combustion-product
toxicity test systems and the perfbrmance capabilities
of humans exposed to fire products. The use of chemi-
cal tests of smoke toxic potency Is discussed; the use
of screening tests or of toxicity tests as screening de-
vices is also discussed. Guidelines for the use ot fire
hazard assessment are included.
Keywords: "Fire hazards, "Smoke, 'Poisonous gases,
Fire safety, Toxicity, Combustion products. Fires,
"Combustion product toxicology. Health effects, Inha-
lation.
PB87-136966/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Review of New Source Performance Standard*
for Petroleum Refinery Fuel Gas. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Oct 86, 92p EPA/450/3-86/011
See also PB84-101898.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
As required by Section 111 (b) of the Clean Air Act, as
amended, a four year review of the new source per-
formance standards for petroleum refineries (40 CFR
Subpart J) was conducted. The review was limited to
the sulfur dioxide standard as applied to refinery fuel
gas. The report presents a summary of the current
standard, the status of current applicable control tech-
nology, and the ability of plants to meet the standard.
No revision to the standard is recommended; however,
EPA should investigate an alternative method of con-
tinuously measuring the sulfur concentration of refin-
ery fuel gas.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Refineries, "Petrole-
um industry, Regulations, Standards, Sulfur dioxide,
Performance, Industrial wastes, Cost analysis, Eco-
nomic impact, Scrubbing, "New source performance
standards. Refinery gases, Fuel gas.
PB87-137709/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Summary of Comments and Responses for Meth-
ods 5B and 5F. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
G. McAlister. Jul 86, 25p EPA/450/3-86-008
Two new methods for measuring particulate matter
from stationary sources without measuring condensed
sulfuric acid have been developed. The public com-
ments on the proposed methods have been summa-
rized along with the Agency's responses to the com-
ments.
Keywords: Chemical analysis, Responses, 'Air pollu-
tion sampling, 'Particulate sampling, Stationary
sources.
PB87-137733/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Summary Review of the Health Effects Associat-
ed with Copper: Health Issue Assessment,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
D. J. Reisman, W. B. Peirano, J. B. Lewis, D. K. Basu,
and D. Hohrseiter. Feb 87,87p EPA/600/8-87/001
The Health Assessment Summary Document Is a brief
review of the scientific knowledge on copper. The em-
phasis of the document is on inhalation exposure from
atmospheric copper and the environmental, ecological
and health effects from the species of copper expect-
ed to be present in the atmosphere. The document is
the scientific supporting basis for EPA decision-making
concerning regulation of copper under the Clean Air
Act. Specific scientific documentation on copper under
the following headings is found in the document: Physi-
cal and Chemical Properties, Analytical Methods, Fate
and Transport, Environmental and Exposure Levels,
Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Human Health Ef-
fects. Ambient air exposure to copper adds little to the
copper body burden for normal individuals. Human ho-
meostatic mechanisms act to control copper balance
in the body. Deficiencies or excesses of copper intake
in humans rarely result in copper toxicosis. Special
groups of risk include Wilson's disease individuals,
children and some populations residing near produc-
tion and processing facilities.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Copper, 'Air pol-
lution, 'Toxicology, Toxicity, Exposure, Humans, Phys-
ical properties, Chemical properties, Sources,
Concentration(Composition), Chemical analysis,
•Health effects, 'Inhalation, 'Toxic substances, Envi-
ronmental fate.
PB87-138749/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistratlon of Manufacturing-
Use and Certain End-Use Pesticide Products Con-
taining Alkyl'dlmethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chlo-
ride as the Active Ingredient. Volume 2.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 85,224p* EPA/540/RS-87/133
See also PB86-169406.
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, Ecology,
Manufacturing, Toxicology, 'Reregistration, 'Toxic
substances, "Ammonium chloride/alkyl-benzyl-di-
methyl, Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide
Act, CAS 68424-85-1.
PB87-139143/HSU	MF E99
Pesticide Product Information on Microfiche (10th
Edition-1985), Sets A and B.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Apr 85, 870p EPA/540/9-87/128
Supersedes PB84-921900. See also PB87-139150.
Microfiche copies only.
Since 1970 when the US Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) was given the responsibility of regulat-
ing all aspects of pesticides, the Agency has amassed,
through the registration process, an extensive comput-
er data system on most Federally registered pesticide
products. The information includes product names,
manufacturers, active ingredients, tolerances for resi-
dues, and site and pest information for particular prod-
ucts and active ingredients. Set A contains the Product
Manager assignments; Pesticide Products, numerically
and alphabetically; Pesticide Companies, numerically
and alphabetically, Chemical Reference file, alphabeti-
cally and numerically; Tolerance File by Commodity;
Inverted listing of Chemical/Registration Number; and
Pesticide Label Data. Set B contains Site/Pest Data
organized into the site name/pest name/chemical/
registration number and chemical/site name/pest
name/registration number fiche sets. Each set is fur-
ther divided into five major pesticide disciplines: herbi-
cides, algaecides and growth regulators; antimicro-
bials and protozoa; insecticides, acaricides, mollusci-
cides and antifouling compounds; fungicides and ne-
maticides; and rodenticides and technical grade
chemicals.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Documentation, 'Manuals,
Regulations, Chemical compounds, Labels, Microfilm,
Sites, Growth regulators. Fungicides, Insecticides,
Herbicides, Rodenticides, Toxic tolerances, Registra-
tion, Consumer products, Algaecides.
PB87-139150/HSU	MF E16
Pesticide Product Information on Microfiche (10th
Editlon-1985), Set A.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Apr 85, 79p EPA/540/9-87/129
Supersedes PB84-922000.
Microfiche copies only. Also available with Set B as
PB87-139143.
Since 1970 when the US Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) was given the responsibility of regulat-
ing all aspects of pesticides, the Agency has amassed,
through the registration process, an extensive comput-
er data system on most Federally registered pesticide
products. The information includes product names,
manufacturers, active ingredients, tolerances for resi-
dues, and site and pest information for particular prod-
ucts and active ingredients. Set A contains the Product
Manager assignments; Pesticide Products, numerically
and alphabetically; Pesticide Companies, numerically
and alphabetically, Chemical Reference file, alphabeti-
cally and numerically; Tolerance File by Commodity;
Inverted listing of Chemical/Registration Number; and
Pesticide Label Data.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Documentation, 'Manuals,
Regulation, Chemical compounds, Labels, Microfilm,
Sites, Fungicides, Insecticides, Herbicides, Rodenti-
cides, Toxic tolerances, Registration, Consumer prod-
ucts, Algaecides.
PB87-139168/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Motor Vehicle Tampering Survey - 1985. Final
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Field Operations and Support Div.
R. Greco. Nov 86,98p EPA/460/1-86/001
See also report for 1984, PB86-125218.
The Environmental Protection Agency conducted a
survey of 6.586 light-duty motor vehicles for tampering
with emissions control devices. All vehicles inspected
were classified into one of four mutually exclusive cat-
egories: tampered (at least one control device re-
moved or rendered inoperative), arguably tampered
(potential, but not clear-cut tampering), malfunctioning,
and okay (all control devices present and apparently
operating properly). The results were: tampered -
20%, arguably tampered - 27%, malfunctioning - 1 %,
and okay - 52%. The survey also found that 9 percent
of the unleaded vehicles were subject to fuel switching
(using leaded gas in vehicles requiring unleaded fuel).
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, Air pollution control equip-
ment, Surveys, Statistical data. Exhaust emissions, In-
spection, "Light duty vehicles, "Emission control
device deactivation, Tampering.
PB87-139283/HSU	CP T02
Environmental Fate Data Base (ENVIROFATE):
Chemical Name File (CASLST), March 1986. Data
file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
R. Boethling, and E. Merrick. Mar 86, mag tape EPA/
560/5-86/014A, EPA/DF/MT-87/007
See also PB87-139291.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products if you have questions.
Environmental fate is a term describing the behavior of
a chemical which is released to the environment. This
is particularly important in determining whether a
chemical will come in contact with a critical species or
with man in sufficient concentrations to cause a toxic
effect or, in contrast, be rapidly degraded to innocuous
products. The Environmental Fate includes physical
and chemical properties, transport and degradation
studies, ambient monitoring data, and field studies.
The Environmental Fate Data Base (ENVIROFATE) is
composed of four interrelated files: CASLST, BIOLOG,
DATALOG and XREF. CASLST is a listing of CAS Reg-
istry Numbers, molecular formulae, and names for
chemicals included in the next two tapes. They are
linked by CAS Registry Number.
Keywords: "Data file, 'Chemical compounds, Degra-
dation, Molecular structure, Chemical properties,
Physical	properties,	Field	tests,
Concentration(Composition), Ecology, 'Environment
pollution, "Environmental fate, 'Environmental trans-
port, 'Path of pollutants, Environmental monitoring,
CAS registry numbers, Toxic substances, Fate of pol-
lutants, ENVIROFATE data base, Data bases.
PB87-139291/HSU	CP T02
Environmental Fate Data Base (ENVIROFATE): En-
vironmental Fate Data (DATALOG), March 1988.
Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
R. Boethling, and E. Merrick. Mar 86, mag tape EPA/
560/5-86/014B, EPA/DF/MT-87/008
See also PB87-139309.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products if you have questions.
Environmental fate is a term describing the behavior of
a chemical which is released to the environment. This
is particularly important in determining whether a
chemical will come in contact with a critical species or
with man in sufficient concentrations to cause a toxic
effect or, in contrast, be rapidly degraded to innocuous
products. The Environmental Fate includes physical
and chemical properties, transport and degradation
studies, ambient monitoring data, and field studies.
The Environmental Fate Data Base (ENVIROFATE) is
composed of four interrelated files: CASLST, BIOLOG
and DATALOG, and XREF. DATALOG is a data index
file that indicates types of fate data available in the
open literature. Each DATALOG record contains a
CAS registry number, one of 18 data types relevant to
environmental fate and human exposure, and an ab-
breviated reference. A chemical name and formula are
included to aid in identification.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Toxicity, 'Chemical com-
pounds, Chemical properties, Physical properties,
Transport, Degradation, Magnetic tapes, "Environ-
ment pollution, 'Data bases, "Environmental exposure
pathway, 'Chemical attack(Degradation),
Files(Records).
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-139309/HSU	CP T02
Environmental Fate Data Base (ENVIROFATE): Mi-
crobial Degradation/Toxiclty Data (BIOLOG),
March 19S6. Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
R. Boethling, and E. Merrick. Mar 86, mag tape EPA/
560/5-86/014C, EPA/DF/MT-87-009
See also PB87-139317.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products if you have questions.
Environmental fate is a term describing the behavior of
a chemical which is released to the environment. This
is particularly important in determining whether a
chemical will come in contact with a critical species or
with man in sufficient concentrations to cause a toxic
effect or, in contrast, be rapidly degraded to innocuous
products. The Environmental Fate includes physical
and chemical properties, transport and degradation
studies, ambient monitoring data, and field studies.
The Environmental Fate Data Base (ENVIROFATE) is
composed of four interrelated files: CASLST, BIOLOG,
DATALOG and XREF. BIOLOG is a bibliographic file
containing open literature information on microbial bio-
degradation and toxicity of chemicals. The references
are indexed according to six data categories, which
enables the user to select references which contain
the indicated types of data within the data category.
The data categories are: degradation/toxicity; oxygen
condition (anaerobic/aerobic); culture (pure enzyme,
pure culture, mixed culture, cell-free extract); source
(soil, sediment, sewage, water-fresh, water-marine,
other); mechanism reported and data source. As of
February, 1986, there were over 25,000 records in the
file.
Keywords: "Data file, 'Chemical compounds, "Toxici-
ty, Degradation, Sources, Reaction mechanisms, Aer-
obic bacteria, Anaerobic conditions, Cultures(Biology),
'Microbial processes, 'Biodegradation, 'Environmen-
tal fate, ENVIRONFATE database, Data bases.
PB87-139317/HSU	CP T02
Environmental Fate Data Base (ENVIROFATE):
Journal Citations (XREF), March 1986. Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
R. Boethling, and E. Merrick. Mar 86, mag tape EPA/
560/5-86/014D, EPA/DF/MT-87/010
See also PB87-139309.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products if you have questions.
Environmental fate is a term describing the behavior of
a chemical which is released to the environment. This
is particularly important in determining whether a
chemical will come in contact with a critical species or
with man in sufficient concentrations to cause a toxic
effect or, in contrast, be rapidly degraded to innocuous
products. Environmental Fate includes physical and
chemical properties, transport and degradation stud-
ies, ambient monitoring data, and field studies. The En-
vironmental Fate Data Base (ENVIPOFATE) is com-
posed of four interrelated files: CASLST, BIOLOG, DA-
TALOG, and XREF. XREF is a file containing the com-
plete references to journal articles cited in DATALOG
and BIOLOG. The abbreviated references in DATA-
LOG and BIOLOG can retrieve the complete refer-
ences contained in the file. XREF is keyed alphabeti-
cally by author.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Toxicity, 'Chemical com-
pounds, Chemical properties. Physical properties,
Toxic shock, Transport, Degradation, Monitoring, Mag-
netic tapes, 'Environment pollution, 'Data bases,
'ENVIROFATE data base, 'Environmental exposure
pathway, 'Chemical attack(Degradation),
Files(Records).
PB87-139358/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Propargite as the Active In-
invfronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
30 Sep 86,166p EPA/540/RS-87/136
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, Ecology,
Manufacturing, Toxicology, "Reregistration, 'Toxic
substances, "Propargite, Sulfite/(Butylphenoxy)-cy-
clohexyl-propynyl, Federal Insecticide Fungicide and
Rodenticide Act, CAS 2312-35-8.
PB87-139432/HSU	PCA11/MFA01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Methyl Parathlon as the
Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
8 Dec 86, 247p EPA/540/RS-87/135
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, Ecology,
Manufacturing, Toxicology, 'Reregistration, "Toxic
substances, 'Methyl parathion, Phosphorothioic acid/
dimethyl-(nitrophenyl-ester), Federal Insecticide Fun-
gicide and Rodenticide Act, CAS 298-00-0.
PB87-139952/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Boiler Design Criteria for Dry Sorbent SO2 Con-
trol with Low-NOx Burners: New Unit Applica-
tions. Final rept. Oct 85-Mar 86,
Combustion Engineering, Inc., Windsor, CT.
J. P. Clark, and A. F. Kwasnik. Dec 86, 42p EPA/600/
7-86/053
Contract EPA-68-02-3915
See also PB86-216736. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report describes a study to define boiler modifica-
tions required to achieve 70% S02 removal with sor-
bent injection on a large tangentially fired utility boiler
without supplemental spray drying. The study is a
follow on to a recently completed broader evaluation
of boiler design criteria for sorbent S02 control tech-
nology. A new 500 MWe utility boiler burning low-sulfur
coal was considered to be modified to increase sor-
bent residence time and decrease gas quench rate to
achieve 70% S02 removal in the boiler with atmos-
pheric calcium hydrate prepared on-site. A second
case was considered where no change was made to
gas quench rate or sorbent residence time. The effects
of adding a pulverizer to the sorbent preparation/injec-
tion system to produce a finer sorbent were deter-
mined. Capital costs, cost of electricity, and cost effec-
tiveness per ton of S02 removed were developed and
compared with the results of the earlier study.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Sulfur di-
oxide, "Boilers, "Design, Air pollution control, Nitrogen
oxides, Sorbents, Dry methods, Combustion products,
Economic analysis, Utilities, Low nitrogen oxides burn-
ers, Coal fired power plants.
PB87-139960/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Acrolein. Exter-
nal Review Draft,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
A. Chiu, E. Clegg, I. Davidson, C. Dippel, and L.
Kaufman. Sep 86,122p EPA/600/8-86/014A
Acrolein is an unsaturated aldehyde which is highly
toxic by the inhalation and oral routes and is a strong
irritant. The reactivity and toxicity of acrolein is seen at
the principal sites of exposure, the gastrointestinal and
pulmonary tracts. There is no evidence that below
aversive levels, acrolein enters the general circulation.
Acrolein is metabolized by liver and lung; metabolism
is the principal route of elimination. There is inad-
equate evidence for acrolein's mutagenicity or chemi-
cal interaction with mammaliam germ cells. Animal evi-
dence for carcinogenicity is limited. There is no epide-
miological data. Acrolein can produce both embryo-
toxic and fetotoxic effects, and it is teratogenic under
certain conditions.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Acrolein, "Carcinogens, Ex-
posure, Assessments, Hazardous materials,
Concentration(Composition), Epidemiology, Laborato-
ry animals, "Toxic substances, Carcinogenesis, Chro-
mosomal aberrations.
PB87-140323/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Pilot Scale Process Evaluation of Reburnlng for
In-Furnace NOx Reduction. Final rept. Oct 84-Oct
85,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
J. M. McCarthy, B. J. Overmoe, S. L. Chen, W. R.
Seeker, and D. W. Pershing. Dec 86,189p EPA/600/
7-86/048
Contracts EPA-68-02-3925, EPA-68-02-3995
See also PB85-185890. Prepared in cooperation with
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH. Sponsored by En-
vironmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report gives results of coal and natural gas reburn-
ing application tests to a pilot scale 3.0 MWt furnace to
provide the scaling information required for commer-
cial application of reburning to pulverized-coal-fired
boilers. Initial parametric studies had been conducted
in a 23 kWt bench scale reactor to quantify the impact
of fuel and process parameters on reburning effective-
ness. The results of this investigation confirm the po-
tential of the reburning process lor significant NOx re-
duction. Process effectiveness depends strongly upon
the NOx and 02 concentrations at the end of the main
heat release zone; the stoichiometry, temperature, and
residence time in the fuel-rich reburning zone; the fuel
composition and mixing of the reburning fuel jet; and
the temperature of the final burnout zone. The investi-
gation also identifies and defines the optimum design
criteria for reburning application and demonstrates
that it is possible to scale up the process without losing
effectiveness.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Nitrogen oxides,
Sulfur oxides, Graphs(Charts), Pilot plants, Design,
"Reburning process, Stationary sources.
PB87-140331/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Metallurgical Coke Industry Particulate Emissions:
Source Category Report. Final rept. Jun 83-Aug 86,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
J. Fitzgerald, J. Jeffery, and P. Wolf. Dec 86,95p EPA/
600/7-66/050
Contract EPA-68-02-3157
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of a study to develop particu-
late emission factors based on cutoff size for inhalable
particles for the metallurgical coke industry. After a
review of available information characterizing particu-
late emissions from metallurgical coke plants, the data
were summarized and rated in terms of reliability. Size
specific emission factors were developed from these
data for the major processes used in the manufacture
of metallurgical coke. A detailed process description is
presented with emphasis on factors affecting the gen-
eration of emissions. A replacement for Section 7 2
(Coke Manufacturing) of EPA report AP-42. A compila-
tion of Air Pollutant Emissions Factors, was prepared,
containing the size specific emission factors devel-
oped during this program.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Coke, "Metallurgical
fuels, Particle size, Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts)
"Emission factors, "Particulates, Stationary sources
PB87-140349/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Technology Applications, Inc., Athens, GA.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Measurement of Hydrolysis Rate Constants (or
Evaluation of Hazardous Waste Land Disposal.
Volume 1. Data on 32 Chemicals,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
J. J. Ellington, F. E. Standi, and W. D. Payne. Dec 86,
132p EPA/600/3-86/043
Sponsored by Technology Applications, Inc., Athens,
GA.
To provide input data for a mathematical model to esti-
mate potential groundwater contamination from
chemicals in land disposal sites, hydrolysis rate con-
stants were determined for 26 regulated chemicals
under carefully controlled conditions. Hydrolysis rates
were measured under sterile conditions at precisely
controlled temperatures and at three pH levels. Condi-
tions were adjusted to provide sufficiently precise rate
constants to meet modeling requirements determined
through model sensitivity tests. In addition to close
monitoring of temperature and pH, precautions were
taken to minimize impact of adventitious processes.
Chemical concentrations as a function of incubation
time were measured by gas chromatography, liquid
chromatography, or ion exchange chromatography.
Identities and purities of the chemicals were deter-
mined by mass spectrometry supplemented, in some
cases, by infrared spectrometry.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, Hazardous materials,
Mathematical	models,	Hydrolysis,
Concentration(Composition), Organic compounds,
Transport properties, Groundwater, Graphs(Charts),
'Hazardous wastes, 'Rate constants, "Land disposal,
Chemical reaction kinetics.
PB87-140356/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Toxic Organic Emissions from Synfuels and Relat-
ed Industrial Wastewater Treatment Systems.
Final rept. Jun 85-Jun 86,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
F. A. Scheffel, and F. J. Castaldi. Dec 86, 75p EPA/
600/7-86/047
Contract EPA-68-02-3137
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of an examination of the po-
tential for toxic organic emissions from synfuels
wastewater treatment systems. The synthetic fuels fa-
cilities examined were coal gasification, direct and indi-
rect coal liquefaction, shale oil, by-product coke, and
associated petrochemical products. A literature survey
was performed to assess the fate of organic priority
pollutants during wastewater treatment. Pollutants in
the volatile, base-neutral, and acid-extractable frac-
tions were examined in order to assess their potential
for volatilization during waste-water treatment. Com-
pounds found to contribute organic emissions during
waste-water storage and treatment were in the volatile
fraction (e.g., benzene, toluene) and the base-neutral
fraction (e.g., polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons).
Acid extractables (e.g., phenol) also present in syn-
fuels wastewaters are rarely stripped or volatilized
from wastewater stored in impoundments or during ac-
tivated sludge treatment.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Waste water, Waste treat-
ment, Coal gasification, Shale oil, Coke, Petroche-
mistry,	Toxicity,	Emission,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), Industrial
wastes. Aromatic hydrocarbons, Aromatic polycyclic
hydrocarbons, "Synthetic fuels, "Water pollution con-
trol, Stationary sources, Volatile organic compounds,
Coal liquefaction, Fate of pollutants, Toxic substances.
PB87-140463/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
NBS/EPA (National Bureau of Standards/Environ-
mental Protection Agency) Certified Reference
Material Performance Audit Program: Statu*
Report 2. Rept. for Oct 84-May 86,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R S Wright, W. C. Eaton, and C. E. Decker. Oct 86,
450 EPA/600/4-86/045
Contract EPA-68-02-4125
See also PB85-185833. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A traceability procedure has been established which
allows specialty gas producers to prepare gaseous
pollutant Certified Reference Materials (CRM's). The
accuracy, stability and homogeneity of the CRM's ap-
proach those of NBS Standard Reference Materials
(SRM's). As of October 1986, 36 candidate batches
had been audited. In general, the agreement between
the producer's analytical results and the audit results
have been within + or - 0.5% relative. Additional data
suggest that CRM's are stable during their two-year
certification periods. The purchaser of a CRM is as-
sured that its accuracy is high because of four features
of the CRM program: (1) The general technical proce-
dure for producing and analyzing CRM's has been
specified by NBS; (2) CRM's are directly traceable to
SRM's which are used as reference standards during
the analysis of CRM's; (3) The producer's analytical re-
sults are verified by measurements which are per-
formed by an independent auditor; and (4) Both the
producer's and the auditor's analytical results must be
reviewed and approved by NBS before the CRM's may
be sold.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, Performance, Quality
assurance, Carbon monoxide, Nitric oxides, Propane,
Contaminants, Concentration(Composition), "Refer-
ence materials, "Certification, Standard reference ma-
terials.
PB87-140497/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Structure-Reactivity Relationships for Predicting
Environmentally Hazardous Chemicals. Final rept.
1983-86,
University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
N. Cohen. Dec 86,50p EPA/600/3-86/072
Grant EPA-R-810705
Prepared in cooperation with Aerospace Corp., El Se-
gundo, CA. Aerophysics Lab. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
A method for extrapolating rate coefficients using tran-
sition-state theory was applied to reactions of hydroxyl
(OH) radicals with 10 halomethanes and 18 haloeth-
anes. The entropy of activation was calculated for
each compound and together with an experimental
value of the rate of reaction at 298 K was used to cal-
culate k(T) at higher temperatures. The calculated
values for all the haloalkanes differed from experimen-
tal values by no more than 25%, except that of OH +
CHC13. For most haloalkanes this expression predicts
rate coefficients within a factor of 3 of experimental
data and provides a useful predictive tool if no reliable
data are available.
Keywords: "Chemical reactivity, "Molecular structure,
"Hazardous materials, Entropy, Haloalkanes, Heat of
activation.
PB87-140505/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Destruction and Stabilization of Sludge by Multi-
ple-State Digestion and Thermal Treatment. Final
rept. Jun 83-Dec 84,
Pittsburgh Univ., PA.
Y. C. Wu. Dec 86,130p EPA/600/2-86/118
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The study compared conventional, anaerobic sludge
digestion and three stage, anaerobic sludge digestion.
The conventional digester and the first two stages of
the multiple stage system were operated at 35 deg C;
the third stage was maintained at 49 deg C. The influ-
ent feed sludge was a mixture of primary and second-
ary sludges. Tests were run in three phases with solids
retention times of 9,15, and 20 days. The results of the
study indicated that multiple stage digestion outper-
formed conventional single stage digestion in terms of
COD and VS destruction, ana methane production.
The first two stages of the multiple stage system, by
themselves, achieved a greater degree of sludge sta-
bilization and destruction, and methane production
than the conventional system. The effluent sludges
from both processes were further treated by wet air ox-
idation (WAO). The WAO tests were performed at a
pressure of 1.4 x 10 to the 7th power Pa (2,100 psi)
and temperatures up to 300 deg C.
Keywords: "Stabilization, "Destruction, "Sludge diges-
tion, Waste water, Waste treatment, Sludge disposal,
Effluents, Concentration(Composition), Gas produc-
tion, Tables(Data), "Water pollution control, Anaerobic
digestion, Thermal degradation.
PB87-140885/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Mobile Laboratory for On-Site Monitoring of Haz-
ardous Waste Incinerators. Final rept. Apr 85-Sep
86,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
S. L. Nolen, M. D. Jackson, and D. B. Harris. Nov 86,
35p EPA/600/8-86/039
Contract EPA-68-02-3988
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report discusses: the development of EPA's Haz-
ardous Air Pollutants Mobile Laboratory (HAPML),
equipped with monitors for on-line analysis of inorgan-
ic and organic stack gas emissions and instrumenta-
tion including a gas chromatograph and mass spec-
trometer (GC/MS); results from the first field test and
other combustion sources; and plans for the future.
The EPA has increasingly viewed incineration as an ef-
fective means of destroying hazardous waste. Inciner-
ators are permitted--via a detailed trial burn under the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act-to burn
hazardous waste. These incinerators are then operat-
ed using CO and other process parameters estab-
lished during the trial burn to determine compliance.
Because of the interest in monitoring the performance
of incinerators on a real-time basis and the need to
characterize emissions from a variety of incinerators,
the EPA built the HAPML for real-time and near real-
time monitoring of hazardous waste incinerator emis-
sions and operating parameters.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Incinerators,
"Mobile equipment, Hazardous materials, Carbon
monoxide, Monitoring, Flue gases, Chemical analysis,
Concentration(Composition), "Air sampling, "Hazard-
ous wastes, "Stationary sources.
PB87-140901/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
External Combustion Particulate Emissions:
Source Category Report. Final rept. Jun 84-Jul 86,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA.
D. van Buren, D. Barbe, and A. W. Wyss. Nov 86,201 p
EPA/600/7-86/043
Contract EPA-68-02-3159
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of the development of particu-
late emission factors based on cutoff size for inhalable
particles for external combustion sources. After a
review of available information characterizing particu-
late emissions from external combustion sources, the
data were summarized and rated in terms of reliability.
Size specific emission factors were developed for
these data for the major processes used in combus-
tion. A detailed process description is presented with
emphasis on factors affecting the generation of emis-
sions. A replacement for Sections 1.1 (Bituminous and
Subbituminous Coal Combustion), 1.2 (Anthracite Coal
Combustion), 1.3 (Fuel Oil Combustion), 1.4 (Natural
Gas Combustion), 1.6 (Wood Waste Combustion in
Boilers), and 1.7 (Lignite Combustion) of AP-42 was
prepared, containing the size specific emission factors
developed under this program.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Combustion, Particle
size, Coal, Natural gas, Aerosols, Lignite, Fuel oils,
Wood wastes, "Emission factors, "Particulates, Sta-
tionary sources.
PB87-140919/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Responses of Forests to Atmospheric Deposition.
National Research Plan for the Forest Response
Program. User's guide,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A. Carey, A. C. Janetos, and R. Blair. Dec 86,108p
EPA/600/3-86/066
Prepared in cooperation with Forest Service, Washing-
ton, DC., National Council of the Paper Industry for Air
and Stream Improvement, Inc., New York, and Nation-
al Acid Precipitation Assessment Program, Washing-
ton, DC.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The document presents the national research plan for
the Forest Response Program. The introduction pro-
vides an overview, a statement of the program objec-
tive, and a brief description of the program's organiza-
tional structure. A Program Foundations section forms
the heart of the research plan; it discusses the scientif-
ic approaches that will be used to reach the program
objective. Program Implementation contains the prior-
ities and research approach used by each component
of the program and outlines how planned research re-
lates to the program objective. Program Management
discusses the role of national program management
and procedures for the operation of the program.
Major Products describes the tangible outputs from the
program.
Keywords: Forestry, Air pollution, Contaminants, 'Air
pollution effects(Plants), "Atmospheric deposition,
* Acid rain, Forest Response Program.
PB87-140927/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Determination of Stable Valence States of Chro-
mium in Aqueous and Solid Waste Matrices ¦ Ex-
perimental Verification of Chemical Behavior.
Final draft Feb-Sep 86,
Battelle Columbus Div., OH.
J. D. Messman, M. E. Churchwell, D. Wong, and J.
Lathouse. Dec 86,126p EPA/600/4-86/039
Contract EPA-68-03-3224
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring and Support
Lab.-Cincinnati, OH.
The objective of the research effort was to experimen-
tally assess the chemical behavior of the stable spe-
cies of chromium during the preparation, chemical ma-
nipulation, and spectrophotometry analyses of simu-
lated and authentic environmental samples for hexa-
valent chromium. The diphenylcarbazide colorimetric
method was found to be specific and sensitive for
Cr(VI), as either diohromate or chromate, in simulated
aqueous solutions containing up to 1000-fold ratios of
Cr(lll). Problems of reduction were encountered with
the method for analyses of simulated samples contain-
ing excesses of both Cr(lll) and sulfide. Studies of se-
lected digestion methods for the analyses of insoluble
chromates revealed that the alkaline digestion gener-
ally provided satisfactory recoveries of Cr(VI) however,
the nitric acid digestion was inadequate for the condi-
tions studied. Although Cr(VI) spikes were stable in al-
kaline digests of most of the environmental samples
studies, Cr(lll) spikes were found to be partially oxi-
dized in the alkaline digests, resulting in positive errors
by as much as 100% in Cr(VI) measurements.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "Chromium, "Valence,
Chemical properties, Spectroscopic analysis, Environ-
mental samples, Solid wastes.
PB87-140935/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Nonferrous Industry Particulate Emissions:
Source Category Report. Final rept. Jun 83-Aug 86,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA.
M. Burnett, and A. Minden. Dec 86,256p EPA/600/7-
86/049
Contract EPA-68-02-3159
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of the development of particu-
late emission factors based on cutoff size for inhalable
particles for the nonferrous industry. After a review of
available information characterizing particulate emis-
sions from nonferrous plants, the data were summa-
rized and rated in terms of reliability. Size specific
emission factors were developed from these data for
the major processes used in the manufacture of non-
ferrous metals. A detailed process description is pre-
sented with emphasis on factors affecting the genera-
tion of emissions. A replacement for Sections 7.1 (Pri-
mary Aluminum Production), 7.3 (Primary Copper
Smelting), 7.6 (Primary Lead Smelting), 7.7 (Primary
Zinc Smelting), and 7.11 (Secondary Lead Smelting) of
EPA report AP-42. A Compilation of Air Pollutant Emis-
sions Factors, was prepared, containing the size spe-
cific emission factors developed during the program.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, "Metal industry, Parti-
cle size distribution. Smelters, Aluminum, Copper,
Lead(Metal), Zinc, "Emission factors, "Particulates,
Fugitive emissions. Non-ferrous metals.
PB87-140943/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Comprehensive Field Study Plan to Relate Pollut-
ant Sources to Acidic Deposition: A Preliminary
Study of Uncertainties. Final rept.,
TRC Environmental Consultants, Inc., East Hartford,
CT.
D. A. Stewart, J. E. Langstaff, D. J. McNaughton, N. E.
Bowne, and R. Kaleel. Dec 86, 225p EPA/600/3-86/
069
Contract EPA-68-02-4081
See also PB87-140950. Prepared in cooperation with
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research
Lab.
An experimental program was designed to empirically
relate acidic deposition to precursor emissions. Prelim-
inary estimates of uncertainty were made in order to
assess confidence in the experimental design. The five
general areas studied include uncertainties in meas-
urements, local scale data analyses, regional scale
data analyses, model simulations, and data analyses
for regional experiments. Measurement uncertainties
are large compared to deposition losses for gases on
the local scale. On a regional scale, the existing ambi-
ent sulfate measurements network has a resolution of
order 500 km, which is adequate, but characteristic
spacing of S02 patterns requires resolution of less
than 100 km. Model simulations indicated the frequen-
cy of tracer detectability at a receptor from a specific
source is small and limited by meteorology. Also, the
frequency of detectability is dependent on source
strength. Local source modulations were modeled,
and attainable modulation signals were found to be of
insufficient magnitude to be detected over background
concentrations when measurement uncertainties were
considered. Results from these analyses of the effects
of uncertainty were considered in the final experimen-
tal design.
Keywords: "Experimental design, "Accuracy, "Quality
control, "Pollution, Deposition, Sources, Emission, Iso-
topic labeling, Measurement, Models, Simulation,
"Comprehensive	experiment,
*COMPEX(Comprehensive experiment), "Uncertain-
ties, Local analysis, Regional analysis, Acid rain.
PB87-140950/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Comprehensive Experimental Design Plan to
Relate Pollutant Sources to Acidic Deposition.
Final rept.,
TRC Environmental Consultants, Inc., East Hartford,
CT.
D. J. McNaughton, N. E. Bowne, D. A. Stewart, G. E.
Moore, and S. E. Schwartz. Dec 86,205p EPA/600/3-
86/070
Contract EPA-68-02-4081
See also PB87-140943. Prepared in cooperation with
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA., and
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Because verifiable numerical models that incorporate
all processes determining the dispersion, transforma-
tions, and deposition of emitted pollutants associated
with acidic deposition from the atmosphere are only
now under development, it was deemed worthwhile to
determine whether other methods might be available
to empirically relate acidic deposition to precursor
emissions. An indirect experimental plan, named the
combined experimental approach, was developed.
The approach consists of three major components:
long-range tracer experiments; short-range experi-
ments, including reactive tracers, local deposition ex-
periments, and local source modulation; and routine
monitoring of aerometric parameters. Analyses of data
would provide estimates of source contributions to
deposition at receptor sites. The collected data would
also be used for developing and testing upgraded re-
gional models and model components. The report de-
scribes the workshop used to develop the general ex-
perimental design and the follow-up analyses of the
various components. Some of the design sections de-
scribe experiments that will yield data for evaluation of
acid deposition models. Finally, the costs of the vari-
ous experimental efforts are described.
Keywords: "Pollution, "Contaminants, "Acidity, Experi-
mental design, Deposition, Sources, Emission, Disper-
sions, Isotopic labeling. Models, Data processing.
Meetings, Cost estimates, "Combined experimental
approach, "Pollution monitoring. Long-range experi-
ments, Short-range experiments, Aerometric param-
eters, Acid rain.
PB87-140968/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Lime Spray Dryer Flue Gas Desulfurlzatlon Com-
puter Model Users Manual. Final rept. Jan 82-Adt
86,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Div. of
Energy Demonstrations and Technology.
R. L. Dotson, F. A. Sudhoff, and T. A. Burnett. Jun 86
190p TVA/PE/EDT-85/20, EPA/600/8-86/016
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report describes a lime spray dryer/baghouse
(FORTRAN) computer model that simulates S02 re-
moval and permits study of related impacts on design
and economics as functions of design parameters and
operating conditions for coal-fired electric generating
units. The model allows evaluation of several potential
utility design and operating conditions for quick com-
parative costs of lime spray drying options on a
common cost basis. Two significant limitations of the
model are: the S02 removal is based on operating pa-
rameter ranges and results developed for low-sulfur
coal applications (data on high-sulfur coal applications
are lacking) and only an overall system S02 removal
efficiency (without separate spray dryer and baghouse
components) is calculated. The model projections
using medium (2% sulfur) and high sulfur coal may be
in error, with error increasing with increasing coal
sulfur content. Means of overcoming these limitations
are proposed. The users manual describes the model
and instructions for its use, required input data are de-
tailed, and sample computer runs with output are pro-
vided to guide users in identifying applications.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Desulfurization,
"Flue gases, "Spray drying, "Mathematical models.
Sulfur dioxide, Coal, Calcium oxides, Computerized
simulation, Design, Flue gas desulfurization systems.
Stationary sources, Baghouses.
PB87-140992/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Alternative Onslte Wastewater Treatment and
Disposal Systems on Severely Limited Sites. Final
rept. Oct 80-Sep 85,
Cincinnati Center for Small Community Wastewater
Systems Studies, OH.
M. M. Cashell, D. D. Effort, and J. M. Morand. Dec 86
299p* EPA/600/2-86/116
Grant EPA-R-808168
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Several research and evaluation studies were per-
formed on alternative onsite systems on sites with
severe limitations for conventional systems. The major
limitations included slow permeability, a seasonally
high water table, and limiting soil horizons. Several typ-
ical site evaluation techniques were also evaluated
and groundwater contamination was investigated. The
studies evaluated systems that rely on the soil tor
treatment and disposal (including Low Pressure Pipe
alternating soil absorption fields, shallow conventional
trenches, gravelless trenches, and mounds) and am.
terns that discharge to surface waters or to the atonoe*
phere (including intermittent sand filters, upflow gravel
filters, subsurface gravel beds, and evapotranspiration
beds). Studies were performed on full-scale operatina
systems, scaled-down field systems, or laboratory ogf
umns. Alternating soil absorption systems (ASASl
could not be evaluated in these studies, but the use at
shallow ASASs could potentially be highly successful
Intermittent sand filters preceded by a septic tank and
followed by disinfection, as required, had the highest
potential for success for surface discharge.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, "Waste water,
Waste disposal, Soils, Waste treatment, Effluents,
Graphs(Charts).
PB87-141024/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Cost-Effective Operation and Maintenance. Six
Cities Save over One Million Dollars.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Planning and Analysis Div.
Nov 86.17p
The brochure offers cost-effective techniques on oper-
ation and maintenance of a waste water treatment
plant.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Cost effective-
ness, Waste water, Operation, Maintenance, "Water
treatment.
PB87-141032/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
in-Process Control of Nitrogen and Sulfur in En-
tralned-Bed Qasifers. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. C. Adams, E. F. Aul, S. Kulkarni, R. A. McAllister,
and S. Margerum. Dec 86,197p DCN-86-203-023-57-
08, EPA/600/7-86/051
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of an evaluation of theoretical
aspects and engineering considerations of in-process
pollutant control of the entrained-bed slagging coal
gasification process, as applied to combined cycle op-
eration or to the retrofit of existing boilers. The pollut-
ants of concern are the nitrogen and sulfur oxides
(NOx and SOx) which, without controls, are products
of combustion of the gasifier product gas. A literature
search and theoretical evlauation were conducted to
identify the chemical/physical conditions and flow
characteristics of entrained-bed slagging gasification
as they relate to in-process control of NOx and SOx
precursors. However, the degree of success of the
suggested in-process controls could not be projected.
The applicability of potential in-process control was ex-
amined. It was concluded that in-process controls, if
feasible, are applicable for reducing NOx and SOx pre-
cursors so that the capacities of downstream control
devices can be reduced with subsequent cost savings.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Sulfur oxides, "Nitro-
gen oxides, Coal gasification, Entrapment, Perform-
ance, Contaminants, Particulates, Stationary sources.
PB87-141040/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
VOC (Volatile Organic Compound Emission Fac-
tors for the NAPAP (National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program) Emission Inventory. Final
rept. Aug 85-Aug 86,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. H. Stelling, M. A. Bloomhardt, and I. M. McKenzie.
Dec 86,172p EPA/600/7-86/052
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Apency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of the generation of emission
factors for volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions
for a number of source classification categories
(SCCs), as part of the National Acid Precipitation As-
sessment Program (NAPAP). Each SCC represents a
process or function that is logically associated with a
point source of air pollution within a given source cate-
gory. The objective of this effort was to estimate VOC
emission factors for categories where substantial
amounts of VOC emissions would be expected. In ad-
dition to emission factors previously reported, the
report includes emission factor estimates developed
from a variety of readily available information. Data
gathered during numerous standards-setting activities
as well as data provided from state emissions invento-
ry data bases were used to calculate the new emission
factor estimates. Major emphasis of this effort was on
organic chemical manufacturing processes and stor-
age of petroleum products and organic chemicals.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, Chemical industry,
Petroleum products, Sources, "Volatile organic com-
pounds, "Emission factors, Stationary sources.
PB87-141057/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Haze Climate of the United States. Final rept.,
Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO. Center for Air Pollu-
tion Impact and Trend Analysis.
R. B. Husar, and D. E. Patterson. Dec 86,102p EPA /
600/3-86/071
Grant EPA-R-810351
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
The historical data base of visual range at 137 surface
synoptic meteorological stations is examined. The
original observations of visual range each noon are
converted to light extinction coefficient, BEXT = 24/
VISIBILITY, a measure of haziness. The bext is sum-
marized for each calendar quarter from 1948 to 1963
as percentiles of the distribution function, namely the
25th, 50th (median), 75th and 90th percentile. Detailed
examination of station by station behavior indicate that
the median is often obscured by an upper threshold of
visual range reported. The results consist of trend
graphs, as well as seasonal contour maps for each
decade of the time period.
Keywords: "Climate, "Haze, "United States, Visibility,
History, Measurement, Weather stations, Trends, Fog,
Graphs(Charts), Meteorological charts.
PB67-141065/HSU	PC A23/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Pollution Control Technical Manual for Unlshale B
and Unlshale C Oil Shale Retorting. Final rept. Oct
85-Oct 86,
Denver Research Inst., CO.
K. H. Gala. Dec 86, 530p EPA/600/7-86/046
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report describes the Unishale B and C oil shale
plants, characterizes the waste streams produced in
each medium, and generally discusses the commer-
cially available controls that can be applied to the plant
waste streams. Several controls are examined in more
detail for each medium to Illustrate typical control tech-
nology operation. Control technology cost and per-
formance estimates are presented, together with de-
scriptions of the discharge streams, secondary waste
streams, and energy requirements. Unishale B and C
are two retorting technologies developed by UNOCAL
(Union Oil Company of California). The engineering
design, stream compositions, and pollution control al-
ternatives presented do not represent or reproduce
exactly those proposed or employed by UNOCAL at its
Parachute facility or any other such facility. The design
presented here represents one of many possible con-
figurations for an oil shale facility based on Union's
technology. Unishale B or C plants of the future can be
expected to be similar to that described here.
Keywords: "Oil shale, "Retort furnaces, Cost analysis,
Performance, Industrial wastes, Air pollution control,
Contaminants, Tables(Data), "Pollution control, Re-
torting, Oil shale processing plants, Stationary
sources, Unishale B plant, Unishale C plant, Water pol-
lution control, Solid waste management.
PB87-141081/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Case Studies and Model Testing of the Metals Ex-
posure Analysis Modeling System (MEXAMS).
Rept. for Jan-Sep 85,
Anderson-Nichols and Co., Inc., Palo Alto, CA.
A. J. Medine, and B. R. Blcknell. Dec 86,201p EPA /
600/3-86/045
Contract EPA-68-03-3116
Prepared in cooperation with Ecosystem Research
Inst., Logan, UT„ and AQUA TERRA Consultants,
Mountain View, CA. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab., Athens, GA.
The Metals Exposure Analysis Modeling System
(MEXAMS), linking a complex speciation model with
an aquatic transport/fate model, should help discrimi-
nate between the fraction of metal that is dissolved
and in bioavailable form and the fraction that is com-
plexed and rendered relatively nontoxic. The MEXAMS
model has been tested with data from three rivers to
determine its ability to simulate fate, transport, and
speciation of heavy metals in river systems. The rivers
selected for study were the Naugatuck River in Con-
necticut and the Ten Mile River in Massachusetts, both
of which receive electroplating and metal finishing
wastes, and the White River in Utah, which receives
metal loadings from natural sources. The report docu-
ments the tests as case studies to guide future users in
the application of the model. In addition, the program
has been enhanced by addition of sediment settling/
resuspension to the aquatic transport submodel
EXAMS.
Keywords: "Water quality, "Metals, "Water pollution,
Models, Tests, Analyzing, Effluents, Transport proper-
ties, Sediments, Naugatuck River, Ten Mile River,
White River, "Metals exposure analysis modeling
system, *MEXAMS(Metals Exposure Analysis Model-
ing System), Aquatic ecosystems. Heavy metals, Fate,
Speciation, Particle resuspension, Case Studies,
Aquatic Exposure Assessment Model,
EXAMS(Aquatic Exposure Assessment Model), Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency.
PB87-141461/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Stability of Parts-Per-Mllllon Organic Cylinder
Gases and Results of Source Test Analysis
Audits: Status Report 8,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
G. B. Howe, R. K. M. Jayanty, and C. E. Decker. Jan
87,93p EPA/600/2-66/117
Contract EPA-68-02-4125
See also PB86-144656. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A repository of 45 gaseous compounds including hy-
drocarbons, halocarbon, and sulfur species has been
established under contract with the U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency (USEPA). The main objectives of
this on-going project are (1) to provide gas mixtures to
EPA, state/local agencies, or their contractors, as per-
formance audits to assess the accuracy of source
emission measurements in certain organic chemical
manufacturing industries, (2) to corroborate the ven-
dor's certified analysis of the gas mixtures by in-house
analysis, (3) to determine the stability of the gas mix-
tures with time by in-house analysis, and (4) to explore
the feasibility of new audit materials as requested by
EPA.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Gas cylinders, "Auditing,
Quality	assurance,	Stability,
Concentration(Composition), Statistical analysis,
Standards, State government, Local government, Ha-
lohydrocarbons, Gas analysis, "Air pollution detection,
Procedures.
PB87-141479/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Stochastic Prediction of Dispersive Contaminant
Transport. Final rept. 1 Sep 83-30 Apr 86,
Massachusetts Inst, of Tech., Cambridge. Dept. of Civil
Engineering.
E. G. Vomvoris, and L. W. Gelhar. Dec 86,104p EPA/
600/2-86/114
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
The objective of the research agreement was to devel-
op mathematical models to quantify the concentration
variability observed in field measurements of concen-
tration plumes. The concentration variability is attrib-
uted mainly to spatial heterogeneity of the hydraulic
conductivity field. Since there is limited information
about actual distributions of hydraulic conductivity in a
given site, the log-hydraulic conductivity is modeled as
a three-dimensional anisotropic stationary random
process. It is shown that the concentration variance,
which measures the intensity of the variations, is pro-
portional to the mean concentration gradient and to
the variance and correlation scales of the log-hydraulic
conductivity; it Is inversely proportional to the local dis-
persivity values. Analysis of a portion of the data from
the Canadian Forces Base, Borden, Ontario, shows
the applicability of the developed results in field situa-
tions. Simple analytical examples demonstrate the
way to use the results in a predictive context.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Plumes, "Environmental
transport, Concentration(Composition), Mathematical
models, Stochastic processes, Dispersion.
PB87-141602/HSU	PC E99/MF E99
Application for Certification 1987 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engines.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1986,690p-in 4v
Set includes PB87-141610 through PB87-141644.
No abstract available.
PB87-141610/HSU	PC$38.50/MF$16.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1987 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engines - Caterpillar.
Caterpillar Tractor Co., Peoria, IL.
1987, 290p EPA/460/A-87/15
See also PB86-176211, and PB87-141636. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB87-
141602.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. The engineer-
ing data includes explanations and/or drawings which
describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic
engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems and ex-
haust evaporative emission control systems. It also
provides information on emission test procedures,
service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used,
and proposed maintenance requirements to be fol-
lowed during testing. Section 16 of the application con-
tains the results of emission testing, a statement ol
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, Tractor en-
gines, "Heavy duty engines, "Caterpillars, "Certifica-
tion, "Exhaust emission control devices, "Evaporative
emission control devices, Compliance, Heavy duty en-
gines(1987 models), Air pollution abatement.
PB87-141628/HSU	PC$32.50/MF$16.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1987 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engines - Chrysler.
Chrysler Cora., Detroit, Ml.
1987, 213p EPA/460/A-87/16
See also PB84-124551, PB87-141610, and PB87-
141636. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB87-
141602.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. The engineer-
ing data includes explanations and/or drawings which
describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic
engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems and ex-
haust and evaporative emission control systems. It
also provides information on emission test procedures,
service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used,
and proposed maintenance requirements to be fol-
lowed during testing. Section 16 of the application con-
tains the results o? emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, "Heavy duty
engines, "Certification, "Exhaust emission control de-
vices, "Evaporative emission control devices, Chrysler
engines, Heavy duty engines(1987 models), Compli-
ance, Air pollution abatement.
PB87-141636/HSU	PC$22.50/MF$16.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Aoollcation for Certification 1987 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engines - Mitsubishi Motors Corpora-
tion	, ,, .
Mitsubishi Motors Corp., Tokyo (Japan).
1987, 93p EPA/460/A-87/17
See also PB86-176260, PB87-141628, and PB87-
141644. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB87-
141602.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. The engineer-
ing data includes explanations and/or drawings which
describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic
engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems and ex-
haust and evaporative emission control systems. It
also provides information on emission test procedures,
service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used,
and proposed maintenance requirements to be fol-
lowed during testing. Section 16 of the application con-
tains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, "Diesel en-
gines, "Heavy duty engines, "Certification, Diesel en-
gines(1987 models), "Exhaust emission control de-
vices, "Evaporative emission control devices, Mitsubi-
shi engines. Compliance, Air pollution abatement.
PB87-141644/HSU	PC$23.00/MF$16.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1987 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engines - Navistar International Cor-
poration.
Navistar International Corp., Melrose Park, IL.
1987, 94p EPA/460/A-87/18
See also PB87-141636. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB87-
141602.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. The engineer-
ing data include explanations and/or drawings which
describe engine/ vehicle parameters such as basic
engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems and ex-
haust and evaporative emission control systems. It
also provides information on emission test procedures,
service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used,
and proposed maintenance requirements to be fol-
lowed during testing. Section 16 of the application con-
tains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, "Heavy duty
engines, "Certification, "Exhaust emission control de-
vices, "Evaporative emission control devices, Navistar
International engines, Heavy duty engines* 1987
models), Compliance, Air pollution abatement.
PB87-141651/HSU	PC E99/MF E99
Application for Certification 1987 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1987, 20,698p-in 14v
Set includes PB87 141669 through PB87-141792.
No abstract available.
PB87-141669/HSU	PC$31.50/MF$16.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1987 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles • Austin Rover.
Austin Rover Group Ltd., Miami, FL.
1987,204p EPA/460/A-87/01
See also PB87-141677. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 14 reports PC E99, PB87-
141651.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. The engineer-
ing data includes explanations and/or drawings which
describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic
engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems and ex-
haust and evaporative emission control systems. It
also provides information on emission test procedures,
service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used!
and proposed maintenance requirements to be fol-
lowed during testing. Section 16 of the application con-
tains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, Fuel sys-
tems, Ignition systems, "Light duty vehicles, "Certifica-
tion, "Exhaust emission control devices, "Evaporative
emission control devices, Motor vehicles(1987
models), Compliance, Austin Rover automobiles, Air
pollution abatement.
PB87-141877/HSU	PC$317.00/MF$27.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1987 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Chrysler.
Chrysler Corp., Detroit, Ml.
1987, 3645p EPA/460/A-87/02
See also PB85-136539, PB87-141669, and PB87-
141685. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 14 reports PC E99, PB87-
141651.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. The engineer-
ing data includes explanations and/or drawings which
describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic
engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems and ex-
haust and evaporative emission control systems. It
also provides information on emission test procedures,
service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used,
and proposed maintenance requirements to be fol-
lowed during testing. Section 16 of the application con-
tains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines. Fuel sys-
tems, Ignition systems, "Light duty vehicles, "Certifica-
tion, "Exhaust emission control devices, "Evaporative
emission control devices, Chrysler vehicles, Motor ve-
hicles(1987 models), Compliance, Air pollution abate-
ment.
PB87-141685/HSU	PC$239.50/MF$24.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1987 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles and Light-Duty Trucks - Ford
Motor Company.
Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Ml.
1987,2676p EPA/460/A-87/03
See also PB86-176187, PB87-141677, and PB87-
141693. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 14 reports PC E99, PB87-
141651.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. The engineer-
ing data includes explanations and/or drawings which
describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic
engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems and ex-
haust and evaporative emission control systems. It
also provides information on emission test procedures
service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used'
and proposed maintenance requirements to be tol^
lowed during testing. Section 16 of the application con-
tains the results oT emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, procnjction engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, Fuel sys-
tems, Ignition systems, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Light
duty tracks, 'Certification, "Exhaust emission control
devices, "Evaporative emission control devices, Ford
motor vehicles, Motor vehicles) 1987 models), Compli-
ance, Air pollution abatement.
PB87-141693/HSU	PC$250.50/MF$40.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1987 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - General Motors.
General Motors Proving Ground, Milford, Ml.
1987, 2817p EPA/460/A-87/04
See also PB85-136547, PB87-141685, and PB87-
141701. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 14 reports PC E99, PB87-
141651.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. The engineer-
ing data include explanations and/or drawings which
describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic
engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems and ex-
haust and evaporative emission control systems. It
also provides information on emission test procedures,
service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used,
and proposed maintenance requirements to be fol-
lowed during testing. Section 16 of the application con-
tains the results oT emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Fuel sys-
tems, Ignition systems, "Light duty vehicles, "Certifica-
tion, 'Exhaust emission control devices, 'Evaporative
emission control devices, General Motors vehicles,
Motor vehicles(1987 models). Compliance, Air pollu-
tion abatement.
PB87-141701/HSU	PCS23.00/MF$18.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1987 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Jaguar.
Jaguar Cars, Inc., Leonia, NJ.
1987, 98p EPA/460/A-87/05
See also PB84-124460, PB87-141693, and PB87-
141719. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 14 reports PC E99, PB87-
141651.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. The engineer-
ing data includes explanations and/or drawings which
describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic
engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems and ex-
haust and evaporative emission control systems. It
also provides information on emission test procedures,
service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used,
and proposed maintenance requirements to be fol-
lowed during testing. Section 16 of the application con-
tains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, Fuel sys-
tems, Ignition systems, "Light duty vehicles, "Certifica-
tion, "Exhaust emission control devices, "Evaporative
emission control devices, Jaguar automobiles. Motor
vehicles(1987 models). Compliance, Air pollution
abatement.
PB87-141719/HSU	PC*24.5O/MFS16.S0
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1987 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles • Land Rover Ltd.
Land Rover Ltd., West Midlands (England).
1087,117p EPA/460/A-87/06
See also PB87-141701, and PB87-141727. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 14 reports PC E99, PB87-
141651.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. The engineer-
ing data includes explanations and/or drawings which
describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic
engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems and ex-
haust and evaporative emission control systems. It
also provides information on emission test procedures,
service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used,
and proposed maintenance requirements to be fol-
lowed during testing. Section 16 of the application con-
tains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, Fuel sys-
tems, Ignition systems, "Light duty vehicles, 'Certifica-
tion, "Exhaust emission control devices, "Evaporative
emission control devices, Land Rover Ltd. vehicles,
Motor vehicles(1987 models). Compliance, Air pollu-
tion abatement.
PB87-141727/HSU	PC$77.00/MF$17.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1987 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Mazda.
Mazda Motor Corp., Hiroshima (Japan).
1987, 772p EPA/460/A-87/07
See also PB85-136554, PB87-141719, and PB87-
141735. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Afso available in set of 14 reports PC E99, PB87-
'141651.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. The engineer-
ing data includes explanations and/or drawings which
describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic
engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems and ex-
haust and evaporative emission control systems.' It
also provides information on emission test procedures,
service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used,
and proposed maintenance requirements to be fol-
lowed during testing. Section 16 of the application coty
tains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on whiqh
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, Fuel sys-
tems, Ignition systems, "Light duty vehicles, "Certifica-
tion, "Exhaust emission control devices, "Evaporative
emission control devices, Mazda vehicles, Motor vehi-
cles) 1987 models), Compliance, Air pollution abate-
ment.
PB87-141735/HSU	PCS76.00/ MF$17.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1987 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Mercedes-Benz.
Mercedes-Benz of North America, Inc., Montvale, NJ.
1987, 758p EPA/460/A-87/08
See also PB86-176195, PB87-141727, and PB87-
141743. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 14 reports PC E99, PB87-
141651.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives detailed technical
description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. The engineer-
ing data includes explanations and/or drawings which
describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic
engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems and ex-
haust and evaporative emission control systems. It
also provides information on emission test procedures,
service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used,
and proposed maintenance requirements to be fol-
lowed during testing. Section 16 of the application con-
tains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, Fuel sys-
tems, Ignition systems, "Light duty vehicles, 'Certifica-
tion, "Exhaust emission control devices, "Evaporative
emission control devices, Mercedes-Benz vehicles,
Motor vehicles(1987 models), Compliance, Air pollu-
tion abatement.
PB87-141743/HSU	PC$215.00/ M FJ23.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1987 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Nissan.
Nissan Motor Co. Ltd., Yokohama (Japan).
1987, 2437p EPA/460/A-87/09
See also PB86-135886, PB87-141735, and PB87-
141750. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 14 reports PC E99, PB87-
141651.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. The engineer-
ing data includes explanations and/or drawings which
describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic
engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems and ex-
haust and evaporative emission control systems. It
also provides information on emission test procedures,
service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used,
and proposed maintenance requirements to be fol-
lowed during testing. Section 16 of the application con-
tains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, Fuel sys-
tems, Ignition systems, "Light duty vehicles, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust emission control devices, Evaporative
emission control devices, Nissan vehicles, Motor vehi-
cles(1987 models), Compliance, Air pollution abate-
ment.
PB87-141750/HSU	PC$158.00/MF$20.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1987 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Peugeot.
Peugeot Motors of America, Inc., Lyndhurst, NJ.
1987,1723p EPA/460/A-87/10
See also PB85-136596, PB87-141743, and PB87-
141768. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 14 reports PC E99, PB87-
141651.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. The engineer-
ing data includes explanations and/or drawings which
describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic
engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems and ex-
haust and evaporative emission control systems. It
also provides information on emission test procedures,
service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used,
and proposed maintenance requirements to be fol-
lowed during testing. Section 16 of the application con-
tains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Fuel sys-
tems, Ignition systems, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Certifica-
tion, 'Exhaust emission control devices, "Evaporative
emission control devices, Peugeot vehicles, Motor ve-
hicles! 1987 models), Compliance, Air pollution abate-
ment.
PB87-141788/HSU	PC$110.00/MF$1#.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1987 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles • American Motors Corpora-
tion (Renault).
American Motors Corp., Detroit, Ml.
1987,1182p EPA/460/A-87/11
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
See also PB86-135894, PB87-141750, and PB87-
141776. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC,
Also available in set of 14 reports PC E99, PB87-
141651.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. The engineer-
ing data includes explanations and/or drawings which
describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic
engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems and ex-
haust and evaporative emission control systems. It
also provides information on emission test procedures,
service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used,
and proposed maintenance requirements to be fol-
lowed during testing. Section 16 of the application con-
tains the regulations, production engine parameters,
and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which issuance
of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, Fuel sys-
tems, Ignition systems, "Light duty vehicles, 'Certifica-
tion, "Exhaust emission control devices, "Evaporative
emission control devices, Renault vehicles, Motor ve-
hicles(1987 models), Compliance, Air pollution abate-
ment.
PB87-141776/HSU	PCS39.00/MFS16.60
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1987 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Rolls Royce.
Rolls Royce Motors, Inc., Lyndhurst, NJ.
1987, 300p EPA/460/A-87/12
See also PB86-135902, PB87-141768, and PB87-
141784. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 14 reports PC E99, PB87-
141651.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. The engineer-
ing data includes explanations and/or drawings which
describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic
engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems and ex-
haust and evaporative emission control systems. It
also provides Information on emission test procedures,
service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used,
and proposed maintenance requirements to be fol-
lowed during testing. Section 16 of the application con-
tains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, Fuel sys-
tems, Ignition systems, "Light duty vehicles, "Certifica-
tion, "Exhaust emission control devices, "Evaporative
emission control devices, Rolls Royce automobiles,
Motor vehicles(1987 models). Compliance, Air pollu-
tion abatement.
PB87-141784/HSU	PC$56.50/MF$18.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application (or Certification 1987 Modal Year
Light-Duty Vehicles • Saab.
SAAB-Scania of America, Inc., Orange, CT.
1987, 514p EPA/460/A-87/13
See also PB85-136604, PB87-141776, and PB87-
141792. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 14 reports PC E99, PB87-
141651.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. The engineer-
ing data includes explanations and/or drawings which
describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic
engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems and ex-
haust and evaporative emission control systems. It
also provides information on emission test procedures,
service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used,
and proposed maintenance requirements to be fol-
720 Vol. 90, No. 24
lowed during testing. Section 16 of the application con-
tains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, Fuel sys-
tems, Ignition systems, "Light duty vehicles, "Certifica-
tion, "Exhaust emission control devices, "Evaporative
emission control devices, Saab vehicles, Motor vehi-
cles(1987 models), Compliance, Air pollution abate-
ment.
PB87-141792/HSU	PC$301.50/MF$35.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1987 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Volkswagen.
Volkswagen of America, Inc., Ann Arbor, Ml.
1987, 3455p EPA/460/A-87/14
See also PB86-135910, and PB87-141784. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 14 reports PC E99, PB87-
141651.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. The engineer-
ing data includes explanations and/or drawings which
describe engine/vehicle parameters such as basic
engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems and ex-
haust and evaporative emission control systems. It
also provides information on emission test procedures,
service accumulation procedures, fuels to be used,
and proposed maintenance requirements to be fol-
lowed during testing. Section 16 of the application con-
tains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, Fuel sys-
tems, Ignition systems, "Light duty vehicles, "Certifica-
tion, "Exhaust emission control devices, "Evaporative
emission control devices, Volkswagen vehicles, Motor
vehicles(1987 models), Compliance, Air pollution
abatement.
PB87-142121/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Reclamation and Redevelopment of Contaminat-
ed Land. Volume 1. U.S. Cass Studies. Final rept.
Oct 83-Jun 85,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
G. L. Kingsbury, and F. M. Ray. Dec 86,199p EPA/
600/2-86/066
Contract EPA-68-03-3149
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The principal objective of the study was to document
with case studies relationships between site remedi-
ation methods, cleanness criteria, and redevelopment
land uses. Sixteen uncontrolled hazardous waste sites
were selected for detailed study. For each of these
sites, remedial actions have been undertaken or are
planned with some upgraded redevelopment of the
property in mind. Redevelopments include single- and
multi-family residential, recreational, commercial, insti-
tutional, and light industrial land uses. Two distinctly
different types of redevelopment efforts were encoun-
tered-public-initiated projects and developer-initiated
projects.
Keywords: "Land reclamation, "Land development,
Hazards, Land use, Reclamation, Waste disposal,
Government policies, Projects, "Land redevelopment,
"Site remediation, Contaminated land, Public initiated
projects, Developer initiated projects, Hazardous
waste sites, Land pollution.
PB87-142337/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Evaluation of Short-Term Long-Range Transport
Models. Volume 1. Analysis Procedures and Re-
sults, Final rept.,
Argonne National Lab., IL.
A. J. Policastro, M. Wastag, L. Coke, R. A. Carhart, and
W. E. Dunn. Oct 86,224p EPA/450/4-86/016A
See also Volume 2, Appendices A-E, PB87-142345.
Prepared in cooperation with Illinois Univ. at Chicago
Circle. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards.
Eight short-term long-range transport models (MESO-
PUFF, MESOPLUME, MSPUFF, MESOPUFF II
MTDDIS, ARRPA, RADM, and RTM-II) have been
evaluated with field data from two data bases Involving
tracer releases. The primary quantitative means of
evaluating model performance was the use of the
American Meteorological Society statistics. Supple-
mentary measures included the use of isopleth plots of
ground-level concentrations, scatter plots, cumulative
frequency distributions and frequency histograms of
residuals. General features of the model performance
included: (a) spatial offset of predicted and observed
patterns, (b) a time difference between the arrival of
the predicted and observed plumes at a particular re-
ceptor, and (c) an angular offset of as much as 20-45
degrees between predicted and observed plumes.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Environmental transport.
"Atmospheric models, Mathematical models, Statis-
tics,	Evaluation,	Particles,
Concentratlon(Composition).
PB87-142345/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Evaluation of Short-Term Long-Range Transport
Models. Volume 2. Appendices A through E. Final
rept.,
Argonne National Lab., IL.
A. J. Policastro, M. Wastag, L. Coke, R. A. Carhart. and
W. E. Dunn. Oct 86,293p EPA/450/4-86/016B
See also Volume 1, PB87-142337. Prepared in coop-
eration with Illinois Univ. at Chicago Circle. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Eight short-term long-range transport models (MESO-
PUFF, MESOPLUME, MSPUFF, MESOPUFF II,
MTDDIS, ARRPA, RADM, and RTM-ll) have been
evaluated with field data from two data bases involving
tracer releases. The primary quantitative means of
evaluating model performance was the use of the
American Meteorological Society statistics. Supple-
mentary measures included the use of isopleth plots of
ground-level concentrations, scatter plots, cumulative
frequency distributions and frequency histograms of
residuals. General features of the model performance
included: (a) spatial offset of predicted and observed
patterns, (b) a time difference between the arrival of
the predicted and observed plumes at a particular re-
ceptor, and (c) an angular offset of as much as 20-45
degrees between predicted and observed plumes.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Environmental transport,
'Atmospheric models, Mathematical models,
Concentration(Composition), Plumes, Particles, Ap-
pendices.
PB87-142352/HSU	CP T13
Food Consumption Flies Used In the Tolerance
Assessment System (TAS). Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Pesticide Programs.
S. Saunders, and B. V. Alexander. 19 Dec 86, man
tape* EPA/DF/MT-87/011	"
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products if you have questions. Price
includes documentation, PB87-142360.
The Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) of the U.S. En-
vironmental Protection Agency has the responsibility
for regulation of the application of pesticides to raw ag-
ricultural commodities (RACs). The decision as to
whether or not to permit the use of a particular cheml-
cal is based, in part, upon exposure analyses that com-
bine information about predicted residues in food with
food consumption data to produce an estimate of ex-
posure. The Tolerance Assessment System (TAS) is
an automated system designed by Research Triangle
Institute (RTI) to support OPP's decisionmaking proc-
ess. The accompanying tape files represent the food
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
analyses. The Nationwide Food Consumption Survey
of 1977-78, conducted by the U.S. Department of Agri-
culture (USDA), was selected as the primary source of
food consumption information. These data, which con-
stituted a probability sample of U.S. households in the
48 contiguous states and which involved 3-day food
consumption records for some 30.770 individuals,
were used to compute daily food-form consumption
estimates (adjusted for body weight) for a total of
87,668 person-days. Various aggregations and/or
averages of these data were performed to create the
seven analysis data files used in the TAS exposure
analyses.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Pesticides, "Food consump-
tion, 'Agricultural products, Exposure, Regulations,
Toxicology, Public health, Food contamination, Farm
crops, Standards, Concentration(Composition), Mag-
netic tapes, 'Tolerance Assessment System, 'Toxic
substances, Ingestion, US DOA.
PB87-142360/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Documentation ot the Food Consumption Files
Used in the Tolerance Assessment System. Final
rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
B. V. Alexander, and C. A. Clayton. Dec 86,56p* RTI/
2751 /06-11F, EPA/DF/MT-87/011A
Contract EPA-68-01-6826
For system on magnetic tape, see PB87-142352.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Pesticide Programs.
The Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) of the U.S. En-
vironmental Protection Agency has the responsibility
for regulation of the application of pesticides to raw ag-
ricultural commodities (RACs). The decision as to
whether or not to permit the use of a particular chemi-
cal is based, in part, upon exposure analyses that com-
bine information about predicted residues in food with
food consumption data to produce an estimate of ex-
posure. The Tolerance Assessment System (TAS) is
an automated system designed by Research Triangle
Institute (RTI) to support OPP's decisionmaking proc-
ess. The report describes the food consumption data
files employed in the TAS exposure analyses. The Na-
tionwide Food Consumption Survey of 1977-78, con-
ducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA),
was selected as the primary source of food consump-
tion information. These data, which constituted a prob-
ability sample of U.S. households in the 48 contiguous
states and which involved 3-day food consumption
records for some 30,770 individuals, were used to
compute daily food-form consumption estimates (ad-
justed for body weight) for a total of 87,668 person-
days. Various aggregations and/or averages of these
data were performed to create the seven analysis data
files used in the TAS exposure analyses.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Food consumption, 'Agricul-
tural products, Exposure, Regulations, Toxicology,
Public health, Food contamination, Farm crops,
ConcentrationjComposition), Standards, 'Tolerance
Assessment System, 'Toxic substances, Ingestion,
US DOA.
PB87-142378/HSU	PC E99
Air Quality Criteria tor Lead.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Jun86,1465p-in4v*
Set includes PB87-142386 through PB87-142410, and
PB85-163996.
No abstract available.
PB67-1423M/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Air duality Criteria tor Lead. Volume 1. Final draft
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Jun 86, 274p* EPA/600/8-83/028AF
See also Volume 2. PB87-142394.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB87-
142378.
The document evaluates and assesses scientific infor-
mation on the health and welfare effects associated
with exposure to various concentrations of lead in am-
bient air. The literature through 1985 has been re-
viewed thoroughly for information relevant to air quality
criteria, although the document is not intended as a
complete and detailed review of all literature pertaining
to lead. An attempt has been made to identify the
major discrepancies in our current knowledge and un-
derstanding of the effects of these pollutants. Al-
though this document is principally concerned with the
health and welfare effects of lead, other scientific data
are presented and evaluated in order to provide a
better understanding of the pollutant in the environ-
ment. To the end, the document includes chapters that
discuss: the chemistry and physics of the pollutant: an-
alytical levels; atmospheric chemistry and dispersion
modeling: effects on vegetation; and respiratory, phys-
iological, toxicological, clinical and epidemiological as-
pects of human exposure.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), 'Air pollution, 'Public health,
Assessments, Exposure, Chemical analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Sources, Tables(Data),
Toxicology, Epidemiology, Respiratory system, 'Air
quality, Air pollution enects(Humans), Air pollution
effects(Plants).
PB87-142394/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Air Quality Criteria tor Lead. Volume 2. Final draft
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Jun 86,342p* EPA/600/8-83/028BF
See also Volume 1, PBB7-142386, and Volume 3,
PB87-142402.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB87-
142378.
The document evaluates and assesses scientific infor-
mation on the health and welfare effects associated
with exposure to various concentrations of lead in am-
bient air. The literature through 1985 has been re-
viewed thoroughly for information relevant to air quality
criteria, although the document is not intended as a
complete and detailed review of all literature pertaining
to lead. An attempt has been made to identify the
major discrepancies in the authors current knowledge
and understanding of the effects of these pollutants.
Although this document is principally concerned with
the health and welfare effects of lead, other scientific
data are presented and evaluated in order to provide a
better understanding of this pollutant in the environ-
ment. To this end, the document includes chapters
that discuss: the chemistry and physics of the pollut-
ant; analytical levels; atmospheric chemistry and dis-
persion modeling; effects on vegetation; and respirato-
ry, physiological, toxicological, clinical and epidemio-
logical aspects of human exposure.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), 'Air pollution, "Public health,
Assessments, Exposure, Chemical analysts,
Concentration(Composition), Sources, Tables(Data),
Toxicology, Epidemiology, Respiratory system, 'Air
quality, Air pollution effects(Humans), Air pollution
effects(Plants).
PB87-142402/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Air Quality Criteria tor Lead. Volume 3. Final draft
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental criteria and Assessment
Office.
Jun 86,395p* EPA/600/8-83/028CF
See also Volume 2, PB87-142394, and Volume 4,
PB87-142410.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB87-
142378.
The document evaluates and assesses scientific infor-
mation on the health and welfare effects associated
with exposure to various concentrations of lead in am-
bient air. The literature through 1985 has been re-
viewed thoroughly for information relevant to air quality
criteria, although the document is not Intended as a
complete and detailed review of all literature pertaining
to lead. An attempt has been made to identify the
major discrepancies in the authors current knowledge
and understanding of the effects of these pollutants.
Although this document is principally concerned with
the health and welfare effects of lead, other scientific
data are presented and evaluated in order to provide a
better understanding of the pollutant in the environ-
ment. To this end, the document includes chapters
that discuss: the chemistry and physics of the pollut-
ant; analytical levels; atmospheric chemistry and dis-
persion modeling; effects on vegetation; and respirato-
ry, physiological, toxicological. clinical and epidemio-
logical aspects of human exposure.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), 'Air pollution, 'Public health,
Assessments, Exposure, Chemical analysis.
Concentration(Composition), Sources, Tables(Data),
Toxicology, Epidemiology, Respiratory system, 'Air
quality. Air pollution effects(Humans), Air pollution
effects(Plants).
PB87-142410/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Air Quality Criteria for Lead. Volume 4. Final draft
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Jun 86,454p* EPA/600/8-83/028DF
See also Volume 3, PB87-142402.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB87-
142378.
The document evaluates and assesses scientific infor-
mation on the health and welfare effects associated
with exposure to various concentrations of lead in am-
bient air. The literature through 1985 has been re-
viewed thoroughly tor information relevant to air quality
criteria, although the document is not intended as a
complete and detailed review of all literature pertaining
to lead. An attempt has been made to identify the
major discrepancies in the authors current knowledge
and understanding of the effects of these pollutants.
Although this document is principally concerned with
the health and welfare effects of lead, other scientific
data are presented and evaluated in order to provide a
better understanding of the pollutant in the environ-
ment. To the end, the document includes chapters that
discuss: the chemistry and physics of the pollutant; an-
alytical levels; atmospheric chemistry and dispersion
modeling; effects on vegetation; and respiratory, phys-
iological. toxicological, clinical and epidemiological as-
pects of human exposure.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), 'Air pollution, 'Public health,
Assessments, Exposure, Chemical analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Sources, Tables(Data),
Toxicology, Epidemiology, Respiratory system, 'Air
quality, *Air pollution effects(Humans), Air pollution
effects(Plants).
PB67-142931/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of the Complex Terrain Dispersion
Model against Laboratory Observations: Neutral
Flow over 2-0 and 3-D Hills,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
D. Q. Strimaitis, and W. H. Snyder. Jan 87,8p EPA/
600/D-87/017
Prepared in cooperation with Sigma Research Corp.,
Lexington, MA.
A comparison is made of the predictions of the Com-
plex Terrain Dispersion Model (CTDM) with wind-
tunnel observations of flow and diffusion in a simulated
neutral atmospheric boundary layer over two- and
three-dimensional hills. The measure used to evaluate
the ability of the model to simulate the laboratory data
is the terrain amplification factor, defined as the ratio of
the maximum ground-level concentration occurring In
the presence of the terrain to the maximum that would
occur (irrespective of position) due to the same source
located in flat terrain. In general, CTDM predicted con-
siderably smaller terrain amplification factors than
were measured in the wind tunnel. When the meas-
ured values of flow speed-ups and streamline defor-
mations were input to CTDM, the predictions of terrain
amplification factors improved substantially. These re-
sults suggest the need for an adequate representation
of the flow field around the terrain, and that substantial
improvements in model performance may require
computation of actual streamline patterns for calculat-
ing the strain along the flow trajectory, as opposed to a
simple 'relaxation of the strain factors away from the
hill crest as is currently done.
Keywords: 'Flow, 'Dispersions, 'Models, 'Hills, Ter-
rain, Boundary layer flow. Diffusion, Laboratories, Wind
tunnels, Plumes, Strains, 'Complex terrain dispersion
model, *CTDM(Complex Terrain Dispersion Model),
Terrain amplification factor.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-142949/HSU	PC E99
Air Quality Criteria for Ozone and Other Photo-
chemical Oxidants.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Aug 86,1825p-in 5v"
Set includes PB87-142956 through PB87-142998, and
PB85-126027.
No abstract available.
PB87-142956/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Air Quality Criteria for Ozone and Other Photo-
chemical Oxidants. Volume 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Aug 86, 260p* EPA/600/8-84-020AF
See also Volume 2, PB87-142964,
Also available in set of 5 reports PC 99, PB87-142949.
Selected scientific information through early 1986 is
presented and evaluated relative to the health and
welfare effects associated with exposure to ozone and
other photochemical oxidants. Data on health and wel-
fare effects are emphasized; additional information is
provided for understanding the oxidant pollution prob-
lem, for evaluating the reliability of effects data, and for
assessing effects data relative to concentration occur-
ring in ambient air. Information is also presented on ex-
posure-related topics: sources, measurement, and
concentrations of oxidant precursors; formation and
transport of ozone and other photochemical oxidants;
properties, chemistry, and measurement of ozone and
other photochemical oxidants; and the concentrations
of ozone and other photochemical oxidants typically
found in ambient air. The specific areas addressed by
chapters on health and welfare effects are the toxico-
logical appraisal of effects of ozone and other oxi-
dants; effects observed in controlled human expo-
sures; effects observed In field and empidemiological
studies; and effects on vegetation, natural and agroe-
cosystems, and nonbiological materials.
Keywords: "Ozone, * Air pollution, "Oxidizers, "Regu-
lations, Exposure, Photochemistry, Chemical proper-
ties, Sources, Concentration(Composition), Field tests,
Test chambers, Ecology, Epidemiology, Public health,
"Air quality, "Atmospheric chemistry, "Air pollution
effects(Humans), "Air pollution effects(Animals), "Air
pollution effects(Plants), "Air pollution
effects(Materials).
PB87-142964/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
Air Quality Criteria for Ozone and Other Photo-
chemical Oxidants. Volume 2.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Aug 86, 446p* EPA/600/8-84/020BF
See also Volume 1, PB87-142956, and Volume 3,
PB87-142972.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC 99, PB87-142949.
Selected scientific information through early 1986 is
presented and evaluated relative to the health and
welfare effects associated with exposure to ozone and
other photochemical oxidants. Data on health and wel-
fare effects are emphasized; additional information is
provided for understanding the oxidant pollution prob-
lem, for evaluating the reliability of effects data, and for
assessing effects data relative to concentration occur-
ring in ambient air. Information is also presented on ex-
posure-related topics: sources, measurement, and
concentrations of oxidant precursors; formation and
transport of ozone and other photochemical oxidants;
properties, chemistry, and measurement of ozone and
other photochemical oxidants; and the concentrations
of ozone and other photochemical oxidants typically
found in ambient air. The specific areas addressed by
chapters on health and welfare effects are the toxico-
logical appraisal of effects of ozone and other oxi-
dants; effects observed in controlled human expo-
sures; effects observed in field and epidemiological
studies; and effects on vegetation, natural and agroe-
cosystems, and nonbiological materials.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Air pollution, "Oxidizers, "Regu-
lations, Exposure, Photochemistry, Chemical proper-
ties, Sources, Concentration(Composition), Field tests,
Test chambers, Ecology, Epidemiology, Public health,
"Air quality, "Atmospheric chemistry, "Air pollution
effects(Humans), "Air pollution effects(Animals), "Air
722 Vol. 90, No. 24
pollution effects(Plants), "Air pollution
effects(Materials), Environmental transport.
PB87-142972/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Air Quality Criteria for Ozone and Other Photo-
chemical Oxidants. Volume 3. Draft Final.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Aug 86, 458p* EPA/600/8-84/020CF
See also Volume 2, PB87-142964, and Volume 4,
PB87-142980.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB87-
142949.
Selected scientific information through early 1985 is
presented and evaluated relative to the health and
welfare effects associated with exposure to ozone and
other photochemical oxidants. Data on health and wel-
fare effects are emphasized; additional information is
provided for understanding the oxidant pollution prob-
lem, tor evaluating the reliability of effects data, and for
assessing effects data relative to concentration occur-
ring in ambient air. Information is also presented on ex-
posure-related topics: sources, measurement, and
concentrations of oxidant precursors; formation and
transport of ozone and other photochemical oxidants;
properties, chemistry, and measurement of ozone and
other photochemical oxidants; and the concentrations
of ozone and other photochemical oxidants typically
found in ambient air. The specific areas addressed by
chapters on health and welfare effects are the toxico-
logical appraisal of effects of ozone and other oxi-
dants; effects observed in controlled human expo-
sures; effects observed in field and eipdemiological
studies; and effects on vegetation, natural and agroe-
cosystems, and nonbiological materials.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Air pollution, "Oxidizers, "Regu-
lations, Exposure, Photochemistry, Chemical proper-
ties, Sources, Concentration(Composition), Field tests,
Test chambers, Ecology, Epidemiology, Public health,
"Air quality, "Atmospheric chemistry, Air pollution
effects(Humans), Air pollution effects(Animals), Air
pollution effects(Materials), Environmental transport,
"Air pollution effects(Plants).
PB87-142980/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Air Quality Criteria for Ozone and Other Photo-
chemical Oxidants. Volume 4.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Aug 86,333p* EPA/600/8-84/020DF
See also Volume 3, PB87-142972, and Volume 5,
PB87-142998.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB87-
142949.
Selected scientific information through early 1985 is
presented and evaluated relative to the health and
welfare effects associated with exposure to ozone and
other photochemical oxidants. Data on health an^ wel-
fare effects are emphasized; additional information is
provided for understanding the oxidant pollution prob-
lem, for evaluating the reliability of effects data, and for
assessing effects data relative to concentration occur-
ring in ambient air. Information is also presented on ex-
posure-related topics: sources, measurement, and
concentrations of oxidant precursors; formation and
transport of ozone and other photochemical oxidants;
properties, chemistry, and measurement of ozone and
other photochemical oxidants; and the concentrations
of ozone and other photochemical oxidants typically
found in ambient air. The specific areas addressed by
chapters on health and welfare effects are the toxico-
logical appraisal of effects of ozone and other oxi-
dants; effects observed in controlled human expo-
sures; effects observed in field and epidemiological
studies; and effects on vegetation, natural and agroe-
cosystems, and nonbiological materials.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Air pollution, "Oxidizers, "Regu-
lations, Laboratory animals, Exposure, Photochemis-
try, Toxicology, Chemical properties, Sources,
Concentration(Composition), Field tests, Test cham-
bers, Ecology, Public health, Epidemiology, "Air qual-
ity, "Atmospheric chemistry, "Air pollution
effects(Animals), Air pollution effects(Humans), Air
pollution effects(Plants), Air pollution
effects(Materials).
PB87-142998/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Air Quality Criteria for Ozone and Other Photo-
chemical Oxidants. Volume 5.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Aug 86,328p* EPA/600/8-84/020EF
See also Volume 4, PB87-142980.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB87-
142949.
Selected scientific information through early 1986 is
presented and evaluated relative to the health and
welfare effects associated with exposure to ozone and
other photochemical oxidants. Data on health and wel-
fare effects are emphasized; additional information is
provided for understanding the oxidant pollution prob-
lem, for evaluating the reliability of effects data, and for
assessing effects data relative to concentrations oc-
curring in ambient air. Information is also presented on
exposure-related topics: sources, measurment, and
concentrations of oxidant precursors; formation and
transport of ozone and other photochemical oxidants;
properties, chemistry, and measurement of ozone and
other photochemical oxidants; and the concentrations
of ozone and other photochemical oxidants typically
found in ambient air. The specific areas addressed by
chapters on health and welfare effects are the toxico-
logical appraisal of effects of ozone and other oxi-
dants; effects observed in controlled human expo-
sures; effects observed in field and epidemiological
studies; and effects on vegetation, natural and agroe-
cosystems, and nonbiological materials.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Air pollution, "Oxidizers, 'Regu-
lations, Exposure, Public health.
Concentration(Composition), Epidemiology, Photo-
chemistry, Chemical properties, Sources. Ecology,
Field tests, Test chambers, "Air quality, "Atmospheric
chemistry, "Air pollution effects(Humans), Air pollution
effects(Animals), Air pollution effects(Plants), Air pollu-
tion effects(Materials), Health hazards, "Health ef-
fects.
PB87-143038/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance for the Registration of Pesticide
Products Containing Terbutryn as the Active In-
redlent.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 86,123p EPA/540/RS-87/137
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA In arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, Ecology,
Manufacturing, Toxicology, Herbicides, "Registration,
"Toxic substances, "Terbutryn, Path of pollutants,
Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act]
Triazine/butylamino-ethylamino-methythio, CAS 886-
50-0.
PB87-144150/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Denver CO
Region VIII.
Heap Leach Technology and Potential Effects In
the Black Hills.
Engineering-Science, Inc., Denver, CO.
30 Sep 86, 388p EPA/908/3-86/002
Contract EPA-68-03-6289
Prepared in cooperation with Hammer, Siler, George
Associates, Denver, CO, Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency. Denver, CO. Region VIII.
Typical cyanide heap leach operations for precious
metals recovery are described. A hypothetical facility
was placed at three sites in the Black Hills of South
Dakota to facilitate a discussion of environmental and
socioeconomic impacts. Since a cyanide heap leach
facility is a closed system and would not, under ordi-
nary operating conditions, discharge fluids to surface
or ground water, impacts from a properly designed and
operated project would not be a greater threat to envi-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
using cyanide. Soils, vegetation, and wildlife habitat
would be disturbed throughout the life of the project.
Most of the adverse impacts to these resources would
not continue beyond reclamation. Many safeguards
against accidental release of cyanide-containing solu-
tions are incorporated into mine designs. However, in
the unlikely event of a spill or leak of cyanide-contain-
ing solution, toxic substances could be released to sur-
face and ground waters. Most impacts would be short-
term because of dilution and cyanide attenuation. Mine
development would have beneficial effects on the eco-
nomic base but could adversely affect recreation and
seasonal housing.
Keywords: 'Cyaniding(Beneficiation), 'Metals, Materi-
als recovery. South Dakota, Black Hills, "Heap leach
technology, Environmental effects.
PB87-145280/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Further Studies of Parameterized Air Quality Mod-
eling Methods for Material* Damage Assessment.
Final rept.,
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
L. R. Dupuis, F. W. Lipfert, and J. W. Peters. Jan 87,
55p EPA/600/3-87/002
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
Damage to materials is one of the concerns of the Na-
tional Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
(NAPAP). The project addressed the concern by pro-
viding an inexpensive method for estimating the depo-
sition of hydrogen ions and sulfur dioxide on spatial
scales compatible with materials distributions within
urban areas. Since monitoring data are taken at only a
few discrete points within any urban area the direct use
of such data was rejected as unsuitable for meeting
the concern. Comparison of output from the Parame-
terized Air Quality Model Annual (PAQMAN) devel-
oped earlier in this project shows that the model
values are generally within a factor of two of the obser-
vations. The model is sensitive to the size of the emis-
sions grid cells especially in the 1 to 2 km size range.
The most suitable use for PAQMAN is as a rapid
screening technique for examining the effect of thou-
sands of point sources of sulfur dioxide across an ex-
tensive region. Some of the automated procedures de-
veloped for PAQMAN have wider application.
Keywords: Sulfur dioxide, Protons, Mathematical
models, Tables(Data), 'Air quality, 'Air pollution
effects(Materials).
PB87-145298/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Validation Data for Photochemical Mechanisms.
Final rept. May 84-Apr 86,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
K. Q. Sexton, H. E. Jeffries, J. R. Arnold, T. L. Kale, and
R. M. Kamens. Jan 87,307p EPA/600/3-87/003
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
The report describes the Quality Assurance and data
processing procedures and systems used at the UNC
outdoor smog chamber facility. The facility is used to
measure the reactants and products that participate in
the photochemical smog formation process. The intent
of the Quality Assurance effort is to insure the collec-
tion, transfer, processing and reporting of accurate,
high resolution data without loss or distortion. The doc-
ument describes the calibration techniques and data
processing procedures and the processing of the ex-
perimental data. A description and examples of the
format of the final documentation and data file are
given. Also included are the Quality Assurance steps
and accuracy and precision aspects of the data.
Keywords: 'Photochemistry. "Reaction mechanisms,
'Smog. Quality assurance, Data processing, Calibrat-
ing, Accuracy, Atmospheric chemistry.
PB87-145306/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Atmospheric Persistence of Eight Air Toxics. Final
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
L. T. Cupitt. Jan 87, 66p EPA/600/3-87/004
Atmospheric lifetimes were estimated for eight air toxic
chemicals (i.e., methylene chloride, chloroform,
carbon tetrachloride, ethylene dichloride, trichloroeth-
ylene, perchloroethylene, 1,3-butadiene, and ethylene
oxide). Seven of the eight chemicals were removed
from the atmosphere primarily by reaction with OH
radicals. Recommendations were made for the 'aver-
age' conditions to use in estimating the lifetime of air
toxics over the continental U.S. due to OH reactions.
These conditions were then applied to the designated
air toxics to derive estimates of the 'average' atmos-
pheric lifetimes. Lifetimes of the seven chemicals pri-
marily removed by OH reaction ranged from around 4
hours to around 18 months. In the case of eighth
chemical, carbon tetrachloride, the primary removal
mechanism is unknown. Carbon tetrachloride has a
very long atmospheric lifetime, estimated in the litera-
ture as around 50 years.
Keywords: "Air pollution, Contaminants, Atmospheric
chemistry, Chloroform, Butadienes, Ethylene oxide,
Chloromethanes, Carbon tetrachloride, 'Atmospheric
lifetimes, Toxic substances, Chloride/ethylene-di,
Methylene chloride, Ethylene/trichloro, Ethylene/
perchloro, CAS 75-09-2, CAS 67-66-3, CAS 56-23-5,
CAS 107-06-2, CAS 70-01-6, CAS 127-18-4, CAS 106-
99-0, CAS 75-21-8.
PB87-145314/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Near Critical C02 Extraction of Hazardous Organ-
Ics from Acrylonitrile, Pesticide and Steel Mill
Wastes,
Critical Fluid Systems, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
P. N. Rice, W. E. McGovern, and G. S. Kingsley. Jan
87,83p EPA/600/2-87/005
Contract EPA-68-03-1956
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Near critical carbon dioxide was used to extract haz-
ardous organic chemicals from three aqueous waste
streams in a pilot plant scale continuous liquid-liquid
extraction system. Extractions were performed on
waste streams representative of actual streams from
steel, pesticide, and acrylonitrile manufacturing plants.
An extractor plate efficiency was determined based on
the Kremser-Souder-Brown equation using the results
of the acrylonitrile waste runs. The efficiency was used
to design a commercial scale extractor. A conceptual
design Tor a commercial scale process is also present-
ed.
Keywords: 'Carbon dioxide, 'Extraction, 'Acryloni-
triles, Pesticides, Industrial wastes, Steel industry, Pilot
plants, 'Hazardous wastes.
PB87-145322/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Applications for DNA Probes In Biodegradatlon
Research,
Tennessee Univ., Knoxville.
G. S. Sayler, R. K. Jain, A. Oaram, C. A. Pettigrew, and
L. Houston. Dec 86,36p EPA/600/D-86/249
Grant EPA-R-812488
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Gulf
Breeze, FL.
The use of DNA: DNA hybridization technology in bio-
degradation studies is investigated. The rate constants
for sediments exposed to synthetic oils could be calcu-
lated from the NAH(1 + ) genotypes and this approach
would be useful in predicting the kinetics of aromatic
hydrocarbon degradation. Gene probes prepared from
NAH7 plasmid were also used to monitor and enumer-
ate the naphthalene-degrading populations in a contin-
uous mixed culture bioreactor and this analysis dem-
onstrated at least one order of magnitude difference in
the naphthalene-degrading population over the con-
ventional plate analysis. It was also shown that using
pSS50 (a chlorobiphenyl mineralizing plasmid) as
probe DNA, other polychlorinated biphenyls degrading
organisms can be identified from the environment. Fur-
ther, the maintenance and stability of a genetically
modified Pseudomonas putida (carrying plasmids TOL
and RK2) over an 8-week period in chemically con-
taminated groundwater aquifer material was estab-
lished.
Keywords: 'Deoxyribonucleic acids, 'Biodeterioration,
Toxicology, Contaminants, Naphthalene, Ecology, In-
dustrial waste treatment, Activated sludge process,
Ground water, Hybridization, *DNA, Biodegradation,
Environmental pollutants, Refuse disposal, Industrial
waste.
PB87-145330/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Abiotic Processes in the Degradation of Pesti-
cides in Natural Waters,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
W. M. Draper, and N. L. Wolfe. Dec 86,12p EPA/600/
D-86/250
Prepared in cooperation with California Public Health
Foundation, Berkeley.
Pesticides and other trace micropollutants released to
the aquatic environment are subject to hydrolysis, oxi-
dation-reduction, and photodecomposition. Kinetic
treatments of hydrolysis and direct photolysis process-
es have been successful in allowing accurate extrapo-
lation of laboratory studies to field conditions. The
most recent hydrolysis models account for not only
specific acid-base catalysis, but also the impact of sus-
pended sediments. Nonbiological oxidations and re-
ductions, although demonstrated in numerous recent
studies, are not well enough understood at this time to
be described by mathematical models based on chem-
ical kinetics. Indirect photolysis processes involve a
variety of excited state and/or reactive chemical spe-
cies. Recent research in this area has been directed at
measurement or estimation of steady-state reactant
concentrations in natural waters. Further basic re-
search into aquatic chemistry and photochemistry will
provide the basis for accurate modeling of other abiot-
ic pesticide degradation processes.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Degradation, 'Water pollu-
tion, Contaminants, Concentration(Composition).
PB87-145348/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Status of EPA's (Environmental Protection Agen-
cy's) LIMB (Limestone Injection Multistage
Burner) Demonstration Program at Ohio Edison's
Edgewater Unit 4. Rept. for Sep-Dec 86,
Babcock and Wilcox Co., Barberton, OH.
R. V. Hendriks, and P. S. Nolan. Jan 87,20p EPA/600/
D-87/050
Contract EPA-68-02-4000
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper describes and discusses the key design
features of the retrofit of EPA's Limestone Injection
Multistage Burner (LIMB) system to an operating, wall-
fired utility boiler at Ohio Edison's Edgewater Station. It
further describes results of the pertinent projects in
EPA's LIMB program and shows how these results
were used as the basis for the design of the system.
The full-scale demonstration is expected to prove the
effectiveness and cost of the LIMB concept for use on
large-scale utility boilers. The equipment is now being
installed at Edgewater, with system start-up scheduled
for May 1987.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, Design,
Boilers, Flue gases, 'Limestone injection multistage
burners, Stationary sources.
PB87-145355/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Field Evaluation of Methodology for Measurement
of Cadmium In Stationary Source Stack Gases.
Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. F. Moseman, D. B. Bath, J. R. McReynolds, D. J.
Holder, and A. L Sykes. Dec 86,133p EPA/600/4-86/
048
Contract EPA-68-02-4119
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A laboratory and field evaluation study was done to de-
velop methodology for the measurement of cadmium
in stationary source stack emissions. Field evaluations
were performed at a municipal solid waste incinerator
and a sewage sludge incinerator. The methodology
was tested through the laboratory and field sampling
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
validation phases to evaluate precision and accuracy
of the proposed method. Colocated, quadruplicate flue
gas samples of nominally 30 and 60 dscf in 1 and 2
hours sampling time were collected to assure an ade-
quate cadmium content, a representative sample, and
the production of data to validate the method in terms
of between-train precision. The overall accuracy and
precision of the analysis procedure were 89.2 percent
and 1.7 percent, respectively. The detection limit of the
atomic absorption instrument was 0.03 ug/mL. The
methodology proved to be a reliable sampling ap-
proach to determine cadmium emissions from the sta-
tionary sources tested.
Keywords: * Air pollution, 'Cadmium, 'Flue gases,
'Spectroscopic analysis, Concentration(Composition),
Chemical analysis, Accuracy, Incinerators, 'Stationary
sources, 'Air pollution detection, Municipal solid
wastes.
PB87-145363/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
PTPLU - A Single Source Gaussian Dispersion Al-
gorithm. Addendum,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
T. E. Pierce. Dec 86,18p EPA/600/8-06/042
See also report dated Aug 82, PB83-211235.
PTPLU has been modified to include urban dispersion
coefficients, urban wind profile exponents, and a de-
fault option. This modification has resulted in PTPLU -
Version 2.0. This document briefly describes the modi-
fications to PTPLU and presents a test case.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, Sta-
bility, Wind velocity, Concentration(Composition),
Chimneys, Algorithms, 'Point plume model, Point
sources, Gaussian plume models.
PB87-145389/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Modeling the Benthos-Water Column Exchange of
Hydrophobic Chemicals. Final rept. Oct 82-Jun 86,
Massachusetts Inst, of Tech., Cambridge. Ralph M.
Parsons Lab. for Water Resources and Hydrodyna-
mics.
P. M. Gschwend, S. C. Wu, O. S. Madsen, J. L. Wilkin,
and R. 8. Ambrose. Dec 86,216p EPA/600/3-86/044
Grant EPA-R-810472
Prepared in cooperation with National Taiwan Univ.,
Taipei, and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,
MA. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.,
Athens, GA.
A modeling framework was developed to predict the
transfer of hydrophobic organic chemicals between
bed sediments and overlying waters. The approach
entails coupling a description of the microscopic scale
process of sorption kinetics with models of the expo-
sure of bed particles to adjacent waters of varying
composition (i.e., due to diffusion of solutes in intersti-
tial fluids or porewater advection, biological mixing of
surficial sediments, suspension of bed solids for a
period into the overlying water column). Numerical
simulation routines are developed both for sorption ki-
netics and to demonstrate coupling of the particle-
water exchange to particle movements in the case of a
biologically mixed bed. These routines were used to
assess the sensitivity of sorption kinetics and the over-
all transport to chemical and sediment properties. The
model result is then combined with the sorption kinet-
ics subroutine to estimate bed-water exchange in in-
stances where these processes greatly facilitate bed
particle-water column contact.
Keywords: 'Water chemistry, 'Water analysis, 'Sedi-
ment transport, Numerical analysis, Bed load, Diffu-
sion, Sorption, Benthos, Mathematical models, Com-
puter applications.
PB87-145397/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Estimation of Uncertainty for tne 1980 NAPAP
(National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program)
Emissions Inventory. Final rept. Oct 85-Oct 86,
Alliance Technologies Corp., Bedford, MA
J E Langstaff.andJ. K.Wagner. Dec 86, 51pGCA-
TR-85-96-G, EPA/600/7-86/055
Contract EPA-68-02-3997
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
724 Vol. 90, No. 24
The report presents the methods, assumptions, and
results of an effort to develop quantitative estimates of
emissions uncertainties for the 1980 National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP) Emis-
sions Inventory. Conventional statistical concepts
were applied to sample uncertainty data. Results of
this study consist of lessons learned and problems
identified, and fall into three categories: uncertainty re-
lationships at various levels of emissions disaggrega-
tion, statistical methodology questions, and gaps in
input data. The computed uncertainty values are illus-
trative in nature and included for completeness: these
values may be used only to identify uncertainty trends
and relationships between the various pollutants at in-
creasing levels of aggregation and allocation.
Keywords:	'Air pollution	control,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Acidity, Statistical analysis,
'Acid rain, NAPAP program.
PB87-145405/HSU	MF E06
Pesticide Data Submitters List - 10th Edition -
1985. Rept. for Dec 69-Dec 85.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
26 Nov 86,1101 p* EPA/540/9-87/132
Supersedes PB86-158359.
The Pesticide Data Submitters List is a compilation of
names and addresses (and, where available to the
Agency, telephone numbers) of registrants who wish
to be notified and offered compensation for use of
their data. It was developed to assist pesticide appli-
cants in fulfilling their obligation as required by sec-
tions 3(c)(1)(D) and 3(c)(2)(D) of the Federal Insecti-
cide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and 40
CFR Part 162.9-5 regarding ownership of data used to
support registration. The listing consists of two parts: a
sequential list of data submitters sorted by chemical
code number and an index to the chemical code ar-
ranged alphabetically by chemical name.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Environmental surveys,
Tables(Data),	Chemical	compounds,
Indexes(Documentation), Coding, Standards, 'Regis-
tration, Chemical nomenclature, Listings.
PB87-145439/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
38,000-Dalton Membrane Protein (p38) Present in
Synaptic Vesicles. Journal article,
Rockefeller Univ., New York.
R. Jahn, W. Schiebler, C. Ouimet, and P. Greengard.
c1985, 7p EPA/600/J-85/456
Grant EPA-R-810608
Pub. in Proceedings of National Academy of Science,
v82 p4137-4141 Jun 85. Sponsored by Health Effects
Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A protein with an apparent molecular mass of 38,000
daltons designated p38 was found in synaptic vesicles
from rat brain. The subcellular distribution of p38 and
some of its properties were determined with the aid of
polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. The subcellular
distribution of p38 was similar to that of synapsin I, a
synaptic-vesicle specific phosphoprotein. p38 in the
synaptic vesicle fraction purified by controlled-pore
glass bead chromatography showed an enrichment of
more than 20-fold over the crude homogenate.
Keywords: 'Brain, 'Nerves, 'Nervous system, 'Pro-
teins, Histological techniques, Rats, Antibodies, Chro-
matography, 'Membrane proteins, "Neurochemistry,
'Synapses, 'Neuroanatomy, 'Pineal gland, Molecular
cloning.
PB87-145447/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Precision and Accuracy Assessments for State
and Local Air Monitoring Networks, 1985,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
R. C. Rhodes, and E. G. Evans. Jan 87,257p EPA/
600/4-87/003
See also PB87-111720.
Precision and accuracy data obtained from State and
local agencies during 1985 are summarized and evalu-
ated. Some comparisons are made with the results re-
ported for prior years to determine any trends. Some
trends indicated continued improvement in the com-
pleteness of reporting of precision and accuracy data.
The national summaries indicate a further improve-
ment in the precision and accuracy assessments of
the pollutant monitoring data collected. The annual re-
sults from each reporting organization are given so
that comparisons may be made from year to year and
also with other reporting organizations.A comparison
of the precision and accuracy data from the Precision
and Accuracy Reporting System with those from the
independent performance audit program conducted by
the Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory is
given.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Monitors, 'Precision, 'Ac-
curacy, Assessments, State government, Local gov-
ernment, Performance evaluation, Comparison,
Trends, 'Air pollution monitors.
PB87-145470/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Nitrate Removal from Contaminated Water Sup-
plies. Volume 1. Design and Initial Performance of
a Nitrate Removal Plant. Interim rept. 1981-84,
McFarland Mutual Water Co., CA.
G. A. Guter. Jan 87,142p* EPA/600/2-86/115
Prepared in cooperation with Boyle Engineering Corp.,
Bakersfield, CA. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
The report reviews the design, construction, and oper-
ation of a 1-mgd nitrate removal plant in McFarland,
CA. The plant treats well water for domestic use. Ni-
trates are reduced from approximately 15.8 mg N03-
N/L to well below the maximum contaminant level of
10 mg N03-N/L. Continuous daily (24-hr.) operation of
the plant was made possible by automatic operation.
Automatic nitrate monitoring of product water was per-
formed once an hour through tne use of modified ion
chromatography. Daily records of flows, water quality,
electrical consumption, salt usage, and manhours
were kept to determine operating costs. The amount of
water treated by each ion exchange vessel before re-
generation was 165,900 gal. (260 bed volumes). The
amount of salt used per regeneration was 6.35 Ib/ft3
of resin. Capital costs totaled $355,638 for a 5-ft, bed
system. Operation and maintenance costs were $0.13
per thousand gal. when the system was operating at 1
mgd. Total costs, including operations and mainte-
nance (O&M) and amortized capital, were $0.25 per
1000 gal. when operating at design capacity of 1 mgd.
Keywords: 'Chemical removal(Water treatment).
Design, Performance, Concentration(Composition),
Waste water, Ion exchanging, Tables(Data), 'Water
pollution control, 'Nitrates.
PB87-145488/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Development of Federal Air Standards to Reduoa
Sulfur Dioxide Emissions from New Industrial
Boilers. (Journal Version). Rept. for Oct 79-Apr 84,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
D. M. Byrne, C. B. Sedman, and R. L. Pahel-Short.
1986,8p EPA/600/J-86/188
See also PB86-241668. Pub. In Jnl. of the Air Pollution
Control Association, v36 n8 p888-893 Aug 86.
The paper gives EPA's conclusions from analyses
which led to the decision to propose percent reduction
Federal new source performance standards (NSPS) to
control air emissions of sulfur dioxide (S02) from new
industrial boilers. It summarizes the NSPS. The NSPS
would require boiler owners to reduce S02 emissions
by 90% and meet an emission limit of 1.2 lb/million Btu
of heat input for coal-fired boilers, and 0.8 lb/million
Btu for oil-fired boilers. In developing the NSPS, sever-
al regulatory options were considered. The environ-
mental, economic, and cost impacts of each option
were analyzed. National Impacts were estimated by a
computer model that projects the population of new
boilers over the 5-years following the proposal, pre-
dicts the compliance strategy that will be used to
comply with the particular option (always assuming
that the lowest cost compliance method will be select
ed), and estimates the resulting emission reductions
and costs. Impacts on specific industries and on model
boilers were also analyzed.
Keywords: 'Boilers, 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur diox-
ide, Standards, Economic analysis, Environmental im-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-145504/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Flavor Aversions Induced by Thallium Sulfate: Im-
portance of Route of Administration. Journal arti-
cle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D. B. Peele, R. C. MacPhail, and J. D. Farmer. 1986, 7p
EPA/600/J-86/187
Pub. in Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology, v8
p273-277 1986.
Flavor aversions induced by thallium sulfate: Impor-
tance of route of administration. Neurobehavioral Toxi-
cology and Teratology, 00: 00-00, 1985. Flavor aver-
sions induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) and oral (p.o.)
administration of thallium sulfate were compared in a
repeated trial, two-bottle preference test. Male Long-
Evans rats (N=6/group) were given 30-m access to a
0.1%	saccharin solution followed 20-m later by either
1.p.	or p.o. thallium sulfate (2.5,5,10 or 20 mg/kg), ve-
hicle or nothing. Non-treated and vehicle-treated rats
consistently preferred the saccharin solution, with rela-
tive saccharin intakes ranging from 0.65 to 0.85 over
the three choice trials. On the first choice trial, flavor
aversions produced by i.p.-administered thallium sul-
fate were marginal and occurred only at the highest
dosage. In contrast, on the first choice trial, p.o.-ad-
ministered thallium sulfate led to pronounced aver-
sions at all but the lowest dosage. Saccharin prefer-
ences on the second and third choice trials resembled
those obtained on the first choice trial. These results
suggest that failure to obtain toxicant-induced flavor
aversions may be due in part to the particular route by
which the toxicant is administered.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Flavor, Laboratory animals,
Rats, Dosage, Reprints, 'Thallium sulfate.
PB87-145512/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Measurement of Small Mechanical Vibrations of
Brain Tissue Exposed to Extremely-Low-Frequen-
cy Electric Fields. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R J Spiegel, J. S. Ali, J. F. Peoples, and W. T. Joines.
1986,14p EPA/600/J-86/190
Pub. in Bioelectromagnetics 7, p295-306 1986.
Electromagnetic fields can interact with biological
tissue both electrically and mechanically. This study in-
vestigated the mechanical interaction between brain
tissue and an extremely-low-frequency (ELF) electric
field by measuring the resultant vibrational amplitude.
The exposure cell is a section of X-band waveguide
that was modified by the addition of a center conductor
to form a small TEM cell within the waveguide struc-
ture. The ELF signal is applied to the center conductor
of the TEM cell. The applied ELF electric field gener-
ates an electrostrictive force on the surface of the
brain tissue. This force causes the tissue to vibrate at a
frequency equal to twice the frequency of the applied
sinusoidal signal. An X-band signal is fed through the
waveguide, scattered by the vibrating sample, and de-
tected by a phrase-sensitive receiver. Using a time-
averaging spectrum analyzer, a vibration sensitivity of
approximately 0.2 nmpp can be achieved. The ampli-
tude of the brain tissue vibrational frequencies below
50 Hz; between 50 and 200 Hz resonant phenomena
were observed; and above 200 Hz the amplitude fall-
off is rapid.
Keywords: 'Electric fields, 'Brain, Tissues(Biology),
Vibrations, Exposure, Measurement, Reprints, Ex-
tremely low frequency.
PB67-145520/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Immunocytochemlcal Localization of Calcium/
Calmodulln-Dapandent Protein Kinase II In Rat
Brain. Journal article,
Rockefeller Univ., New York.
C C Ouimet, T. L. McGuinness, and P. Greengard.
C1984, 8p EPA/600/J-84/385
Grant EPA-R-810608
Pub in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sci-
ence USA, v81, p5604-5608, Sep 84. Sponsored by
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM
kinase II) is a prominent enzyme in mammalian brain
capable of phosphorylating a variety of substrate pro-
teins. In the present investigation, the subcellular and
regional distribution of CaM kinase II has been studied
by light and electron microscopic immunocytoche-
mistry using an antibody that recognizes the Mr 50,000
and 60,000/58,000 subunits of the enzyme. Light mi-
croscopy demonstrates strong immunoreactivity in
axons. Electron microscopy, in addition to confirming
light microscopic observations, reveals moderate im-
munoreactivity in spines and weak immunoreactivity in
nerve terminals. An accumulation of immunoreaction
product is also present on postsynaptic densities. The
presence of CaM kinase II in diverse structures
throughout the neuron supports the view that this
enzyme may be involved in mediating a variety of cal-
dium-dependent physiological processes. CaM kinase
II immunoreactivity is present in neurons throughout
the brain, but a marked regional variation in the
strength of the immunoreactivity exists.
Keywords: 'Calcium, Rats, Laboratory animals, Re-
prints, 'Protein kinase, Calmodulin, 'Immunocytoche-
mistry.
PB87-145538/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Sorption of Hydrophobic Organic Compounds by
Sediments. Journal article,
Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
G. P. Curtis, M. Reinhard, and P. V. Roberts. c1986,
16p EPA/600/D-87-049
Grant EPA-R-812462
Pub. in Geochemical Processes at Mineral Surfaces,
ACS (American Chemical Society) Symposium Series
323, p191 -216 1986. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr En-
vironmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
Thermodynamic and kinetic principles which govern
the uptake of nonionic, hydrophobic organic chemicals
by sediments in aqueous systems are summarized.
Sorption onto organic-rich sediments can be modeled
as a process where the hydrophobic compound parti-
tions into the organic matter associated with the sedi-
ments analogous to the partitioning in the octanol
water system resulting in a linear free energy relation-
ship between the two partition coefficients. The Influ-
ence of dissolved organic matter can be accounted for
by considering a binding isotherm between the hydro-
phobic solute and dissolved macromolecules. Adsorp-
tion at the mineral-water interface becomes important
when the adsorbate contains polar functional groups
and/or when the adsorbate contains quite small con-
centrations of organic matter. Sorption can require
more than a month to reach equilibrium for highly hy-
drophobic compounds, but can be adequately de-
scribed by a radial diffusion model accompanied by the
retarding influence of sorption.
Keywords: 'Sorption, 'Sediments, Water, Contami-
nants, Organic compounds, Solubility, Mathematical
models, Reprints, 'Fate of pollutants.
PB87-14S546/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Interactions of Heavy Metal* with the Pulmonary
Metabolism of (3H)Benzo(a)pyrene. Journal article,
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC.
S. J. Williams, M. A. Karis, and D. B. Menzel. C1984,
18p EPA/600/J-84/386
Grant EPA-R-806337
Pub. in Environmental Research 34, p212-226 1984.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
To test the hypothesis that the inhalation of heavy
metal aerosols from polluted air or cigarette smoke
could alter the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hy-
drocarbons, isolated, ventilated, and perfused rat
lungs were used to study the effects of NiCI2, CdCI2,
and CoCI2 on the pulmonary metabolism of (3)H
benzo(a)pyrene (3)H BAP. Five minutes prior to re-
moving the lungs from a rat, 100 microliter of isotonic
sucrose containing 1 micromole of NiCI2, CdCI2, or
CoCI2 was instilled intratracheally. The lungs were
placed in the perfusion system and washed free of
blood. After 10 minutes, 5 nmole of (3)H BAP dis-
solved in 100 microliter of dimethylsulfoxide was intro-
duced in the arterial circulation. After 45 minutes the
lungs were homogenized and the homogenates and
perfusates were extracted with ethyl acetate: (2:1, v/v)
for analysis by HPLC. Binding of (3)H BAP metabolites
to lung tissue was also determined. The metabolism of
(3)H BAP was found to be inducible by pretreatment of
rats with beta-naphthoflavone (80 mg/kg) and to be in-
hibited by the inclusion of metyrapone (1.0 mM) or in-
domethacin (0.1 mM) in the perfusate. The extent of
covalent binding to lung macromolecules was propor-
tional to the extent of metabolism of the (3)H BAP.
Since heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocar-
bon coexist in the same atmospheric aerosols, heavy
metal exposure from polluted urban or occupational air
or cigarette smoking may have profound effects upon
the bioactivity of a common organic carcinogen.
Keywords: Carcinogens, Metabolism, Exposure, Labo-
ratory animals, Cigarette smoking, Reprints, 'Benzo-
pyrene, 'Heavy metals, 'Healtheffects, Inhalation.
PB87-145553/HSU	PC A02/MF AOt
Neurotoxicity Testing in Human Populations:
Workshop Overview. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D. A. Otto, and D. A. Eckerman. c1985,5p EPA/600/
J-85/455
Pub. in Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology, v7
p283-285 1985. Prepared in cooperation with North
Carolina Univ., Chapel Hill.
A workshop was held in October 1983 at Rougemont,
NC to review strategies and methods for neurotoxicity
testing in human populations. Behavioral and electro-
physiological testing methods were discussed with a
major focus on computerized test batteries. Brief re-
views of test methods organized in terms of sensory,
motor and cognitive function were presented and
available test batteries were demonstrated. Chemical
exposure scenarios were also presented for group
problem-solving. The proceedings include critical re-
views and technical descriptions of test batteries.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Tests, Meetings, Humans, Re-
prints, 'Neurotoxicity,
PB87-145561/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Simplified Liquid-Liquid Extraction Method Analy-
sis of Trihalomethanes In Drinking Water. Journal
article
Florida International Univ., Miami. Drinking Water Re-
search Center
M. F. Mehran, R. A. Slifker, and W. J. Cooper. c1984,
5p EPA/600/J-84/387
Grant EPA-R-810277-01
Pub. in Jnl. of Chromatographic Science, v22 n6 p241-
243 Jun 84. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research
Lab.
A rapid, simple method for determination of trihalo-
methanes in water is described. The procedure in-
volves liquid-liquid extraction by vigorous agitation of a
pentane:water mixture, followed by gas chromatogra-
phic analysis of the pentane extract. Other solvents
were also examined for their efficiency. The detection
limit in this method is about 0.1 microgram/l with a co-
efficient of variation + or - 2% througn the concentra-
tion range of 14 to 160 micrograms/l.
Keywords: 'Extraction, 'Potable water, 'Chemical
analysis, Haloalkanes, Concentration(Composition),
Accuracy, Contaminants, Gas chromatography, Re-
prints, 'Water pollution detection, 'Drinking water,
'Trihalomethanes.
PB87-14S579/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Chlorine Utilization during Trihalomethane Forma-
tion In the Presence of Ammonia and Bromide.
Journal article,
Arizona Univ., Tucson. Dept. of Civil Engineering and
Engineering Mechanics.
G. L. Amy, P. A. Chadik, P. H. King, and W. J. Cooper.
C1984,8p EPA/600/J-84/388
Grants EPA-R-809935-01, EPA-R-810277-01
Pub. in Environmental Science Technology, v18 n10
P781-786, Oct 84. Prepared in cooperation with Flori-
da International Univ., Miami. Drinking Water Research
Center. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research
Lab.
The paper describes the chlorination of humic sub-
stances in the presence of ammonia and bromide and
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
the resultant formation of trihalomethanes (THMs).
Both natural and synthetic waters were studied to iso-
late the singular and composite effects of ammonia
and bromide on the THM formation reaction. Break-
point chlorination, as well as kinetic experiments, was
run for each water. For each breakpoint experiment,
measured chlorine demands were compared against
theoretical estimates of chlorine utilization on the basis
of an assumed set of reactions involving chlorine re-
acting with ammonia, bromide, and humic substances.
The presence of ammonia was found to significantly
reduce but not eliminate THM formation at applied
chlorine concentrations of less than the breakpoint
concentration. Above the breakpoint concentration,
THM formation markedly increased in response to the
presence of a free chlorine residual. The presence of
bromide was found to increase THM yield in the pres-
ence or absence of ammonia.
Keywords: 'Chlorination, Ammonia, Bromides, Chemi-
cal reactions, Contaminants, Haloalkanes, Reprints,
'Tribalomethanes.
PB87-145587/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
PCPP-260, Purkinje Cell-Specific Cycle AMP-Regu-
lated Membrane Phosphoprotein of (M sub r)
260,000. Journal article,
Rockefeller Univ., New York.
S. I. Walaas, A. C. Nairn, and P. Greengard. c1986,
10p EPA/600/J-86/186
Grant EPA-R-810608
Pub. in Jnl. of Neuroscience, v6 n4 p954-961 Apr 86.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The present study reports the existence of Purkinje
cell-specific phosphoprotein, Mr260,000 (PCPP-260),
a neuronal membrance phosphoprotein, in cerebellar
Purkinje cells. PCPP-260, which on sodium dodecyl
sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has an ap-
paraent molecular mass of 260,000 Da, has been
found to be phosphorylated in particulate preparations
by endogenous or added exogenous cyclic AMP-de-
pendent protein kinase, but not by cyclic GMP-de-
pendent, calcium/calmodulin-dependent or calcium/
phospholipid-dependent protein kinases. The protein
has been found in high concentrations in all mammali-
an cerebella so far analyzed, including human cerebel-
lum. One- and two-dimensional electrophoretic and
peptide mapping analyses of proteins in other brain re-
gions show that a closely related 265,000 Da phos-
phoprotein also exists, albert in low concentrations,
outside the cerebellum. Analysis of cerebella from
mutant mice, deficient in either Purkinje cells or in
granule cells, indicates that PCPP-260 within the cere-
bellum is restricted to Purkinje cells.
Keywords: Cells(Biology), Membrances B, Reprints,
'Phosphoprotein, Purkinje cells.
PB87-145S95/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Decreasing Epldidymal Sperm Reserves En-
hances the Detection of EthoxyethanoMnduced
Spermatotoxicity. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
M. E. Hurtt, and H. Zenick. C1986, 8p EPA/600/J-86/
191
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 7, p348-
353 1986. Prepared in cooperation with Cincinnati
Univ., OH. Dept. of Environmental Health.
Current test strategies for assessing male reproductive
toxicity may be inadequate for estimating risk in
humans. High levels of sperm production and exist-
ence of large epididymal sperm reserves in most test
species may impede the detection of spermatoxicity at
low doses. The current report reflects initial efforts to
address these issues. An active schedule of copula-
tion was employed to reduce cauda epididymal re-
serves in the rat. The detection of spermatotoxicity in
this animal relative to its nonmated counterpart was
then compared following exposure to ethoxyethanol
(EE). Adult, male Long-Evans hooded rats were as-
signed to a 'mate' or 'nonmate' condition, with the
former mated every other day (3-hr sessions) for 2
weeks prior to and then throughout the experiment.
After 2 weeks, males from each group were randomly
assigned to receive either 0, 150, or 300 mg/kg (po) of
EE, 5 days/week for 6 weeks. Males were then sacri-
ficed and organ weights, testicular spermatid counts,
and cauda epididymal sperm count and sperm mor-
phology were obtained.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Detection, Reprints, "Sperma-
totoxicity, Ethoxyethanol.
PB87-145603/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Remedial Response at the Richmond, California
Hazardous Waste Site. Journal article.
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
1985, 19p EPA/600/J-85/458
See also PB85-121721. Pub. in Waste Management
and Research 3, p9-25 1985.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency surveyed
395 uncontrolled hazardous waste sites where some
form of remedial action had been planned. A series of
reports on 23 sites representative of various remedial
response activities has been prepared. The current
report from this series deals with the installation of a
subsurface clay barrier wall and dike around an exist-
ing coastal landfill to prevent leachate from entering
San Francisco Bay. Costs, equipment used and
method of construction are reported in detail.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Regulations, 'Envi-
ronmental surveys, "Public health, 'Solid waste dis-
posal, Sites, Assessments, Technology, Cost analysis,
Surveys, Methodology, Management planning. Re-
prints, "Liquid waste disposal.
PBB7-145611/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Intraterminal Injection of Synapsin I or Calcium/
Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II Alters
Neurotransmitter Release at the Squid Giant Syn-
apse. Journal article,
Rockefeller Univ., New York.
R. Llinas, T. L. McGuinness, C. S. Leonard, M.
Sugimori, and P. Greengard. C1985, 8p EPA/600/J-
85/457
Grant EPA-R-810608
Pub. in Proceedings of National Academy of Science
USA, Neurobiology, v82 p3035-3039 May 85. Pre-
pared in cooperation with New York Univ. Medical
Center, NY., and Marine Biological Lab., Woods Hole,
MA. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Synapsin I and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein
kinase II were pressure-injected into the preterminal
digit of the squid giant synapse to test directly the pos-
sible regulation of neurotransmitter release by these
substances. Injection of dephosynapsin I decreased
the amplitude and rate of rise of the postsynaptic po-
tential, whereas injection of either phosphosynapsin I
or heat-treated dephosphosynapsin I was without
effect. Conversely, injection of calcium/calmodulin-de-
pendent protein kinase II, which phosphorylates syn-
apsin I on site II, increased the rate of rise and ampli-
tude and decreased the latency of the postsynaptic
potential. The effects of these proteins were observed
without any detectable change in the initial phase of
the presynaptic calcium current. A synapsin l-like pro-
tein and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase
II were demonstrated by biochemical and immunoche-
mical techniques to be present in squid nervous tissue.
The data support the hypothesis that synapsin I regu-
lates the availability of synaptic vesicles for release.
(Copyright (c) 1985, Neurobiology.)
Keywords: 'Neural transmission, 'Squids, Synapses,
Laboratory animals, Experimentation, Synaptic vesci-
cles, Protein phosphorylation, Synaptic transmission.
PB87-145629/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Bromoform Formation in Ozonated Groundwater
Containing Bromide and Humic Substances. Jour-
nal article,
Florida International Univ., Miami. Drinking Water Re-
search Center.
W. J. Cooper, G. L. Amy, C. A. Moore, and R. G. Zika.
C1986,17p EPA/600/J-86/189
Grant EPA-R-810277-01
Pub. in Ozone Science and Engineering, v8 n1 p63-76
Jan 86. Prepared in cooperation with Arizona Univ.,
Tucson. Dept. of Civil Engineering, and Rosenstiel
School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami,
FL. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The effect of bromide ion, organic carbon concentra-
tion (natural aquatic humic substances), pH, and solar
irradiation on the formation of bromoform in ozonated
groundwater has been studied. The studies were con-
ducted on four unique samples of groundwater taken
from different regions of the Biscayne Aquifer in south-
ern Florida. All other conditions being equal, increases
in bromide ion concentrations resulted in increases in
CHBr3 formation. In three of the four samples, CHBr3
formation decreased as the pH level increased from 5
to 9. The fourth sample exhibited an opposite trend
whereby the CHBr3 concentration increased with in-
creasing pH. Bromoform concentration increased with
increased 03 concentration over an ozone dosage
range of 3,4 to 6.7 mg/L. Ozonated samples placed in
sunlight immediately after ozone addition showed a
decrease in the formation of CHBr3 presumably due to
the photodecomposition of HOBr/OBr.
Keywords: 'Bromoform, Ground water, Bromides,
Concentration(Composition), Chemical reactions, Bro-
mine organic compounds, Reprints.
P887-145637/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Establishment of Design Criteria for Optimum
Burners for Application to Heavy Fuel Fired Pack-
age Boilers. Volume 1. Laboratory Scale Tests.
Final rept. 1980-82,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
G. C. England, D. W. Pershing, and M. P. Heap. Nov
86, 124p EPA/600/7-86/044A
Contract EPA-68-02-3125
See also Volume 2, PB87-145645. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report gives results of a research program to de-
velop low-NOx heavy oil burners for application to in-
dustrial package boilers. Volume I documents Phase 1
of the program, bench scale studies which defined op-
timum conditions for two-stage combustion. The infor-
mation led to a conceptual two-stage low-NOx burner
design. Volume II gives results of pilot scale experi-
ments conducted in two test facilities with nominal ca-
pacities of 0.9 and 2.9 MWt, including tests of commer-
cial burners for both firetube and watertube boilers. A
wide range of petroleum-, coal-, and shale-derived
fuels were investigated. Tests were also conducted
with prototype advanced low-NOx burners which dem-
onstrated that NOx emissions below 100 ppm (correct-
ed to 0% 02) could be achieved almost independently
of the bound nitrogen content in the fuel. The concep-
tual design was successfully scaled from 21 kWt to 0.9
MWt to 2.9 MWt with similar NOx emissions perform-
ance.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, "Burners,
'Boilers, 'Design, 'Nitrogen oxides, Heavy oils, Com-
bustion, Laboratory tests, Performance,
Concentration(Composition), Graphs(Charts), 'Heavy
fuels, Stationary sources.
PB87-145645/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Establishment of Design Criteria for Optimum
Burners for Application to Heavy Fuel Fired Pack-
age Boilers. Volume 2. Pilot Scale Tests. Final rept
1980-82,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
G.. England, D. W. Pershing, and M. P. Heap. Nov 66
158p EPA/600/7-86/044B
Contract EPA-68-02-3125
See also Volume 1, PB87-145637. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report gives results of a research program to de-
velop low-NOx heavy oil burners for application to in-
dustrial package boilers. Volume I documents Phase 1
of the program, bench scale studies which defined op-
timum conditions for two-stage combustion. The infor-
mation led to a conceptual two-stage low-NOx burner
design. Volume II gives results of pilot scale experi-
ments conducted in two test facilities with nominal ca-
pacities of 0.9 and 2.9 MWt, including tests of commer-
cial burners for both firetube and watertube boilers. A
wide range of petroleum-, coal-, and shale-derived
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
fuels were investigated. Tests were also conducted
with prototype advanced low-NOx burners which dem-
onstrated that NOx emissions below 100 ppm (correct-
ed to 0% 02) could be achieved almost independently
of the bound nitrogen content in the fuel. The concep-
tual design was successfully scaled from 21 kWt to 0.9
MWt to 2.9 MWt with similar NOx emissions perform-
ance.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, "Burners,
'Boilers, 'Design, 'Nitrogen oxides, Pilot plants, Com-
bustion, Concentration(Composition), Performance,
Graphs(Charts), Heavy oils, "Heavy fuels, Stationary
sources.
PB87-145660/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Handbook (or Using Foams to Control Vapors
from Hazardous Spills. Rept. for Apr 84-Sep 85,
Science Applications International Corp., McLean, VA.
M. L. Evans, and H. A. Carroll. Jul 86,36p* EPA/600/
8-86/019
Contract EPA-68-03-3113
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The handbook describes basic types of foams that
may be used to control vapor hazards from spilled
volatile chemicals. It provides a table to be used by
spill response personnel to choose an appropriate
foam based on the type of chemical spill. Six general
types of foams, surfactant (syndet) foams, aqueous
film forming foams (AFFF), alcohol type or polar sol-
vent type foams (ATF), and special foams such as
Hazmat NF no. 1 which was developed especially for
alkaline spills. The handbook provides the basis for
spill responders to evaluate and select a foam for
vapor control by using the test methods presented or
by considering manufacturers specifications for foam
expansion ratios and quarter drainage times. The re-
sponder is encouraged to maximize the effectiveness
of a foam by trying different nozzles, distances of ap-
plications, and thicknesses of the foam layers.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Foam, 'Vapors,
Hazardous materials, Chemical compounds, Volatility,
'Hazardous material spills, Chemical spills.
PB87-145678/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Carclnogen-DNA Adducts: Introduction, Literature
Summary, and Recommendations,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
S. D. Soileau. Jan 87,134p EPA/600/4-87/005
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The report summarizes the literature concerning ad-
ducts formed by xenobiotics with DNA and/or protein
and discusses their feasibility as a monitoring tool for
use in exposure and risk assessment. The report is di-
vided into three segments. The first segment provides
an introduction to DNA damage and its relation to car-
cinogenesis. This segment also discusses available
methodology for the measurement of macromolecular
(DNA, protein) adducts. The techniques were evaluat-
ed according to their sensitivity, selectivity, limitations
and future possibilities. The next segment provides a
summary of the current literature on the individual
chemicals found to form adducts in both man and ex-
perimental animals. The information in this segment
was also tabulated and is located in the appendix. Fi-
nally, the conclusion and recommendation section dis-
cusses the overall potential lor the use of macromole-
cular adducts as a measure of dose, given the current
technology.
Keywords: 'Carcinogens, "Deoxyribonucleic acids,
•Risk, Biological agents, Proteins, *DNA, 'Environ-
mental monitoring, Xenobiotics, Proteins, Environmen-
tal health, Adducts.
PB07-14S686/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Spark Source Mass Spectrometry
and Plasma Emission Spectroscopy for Compre-
hensive Elemental Analysis of Environmental
Samples. Final rept. May 81-Jun 84,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A. Gaskill. Dec 86,291p EPA/600/2-86/120
Contract EPA-68-02-3146
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency. Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of an extensive literature
review and evaluation of spark source mass spectrom-
etry, inductively coupled plasma emission spectrome-
try, and direct current plasma emission spectrometry.
The goal of the study was to determine if the tech-
niques are capable of providing comprehensive ele-
mental screening of environmental samples and, if so,
the limitations to be expected. Sample preparation, in-
troduction, identification, and quantitation procedures
were evaluated to gain an understanding of the ele-
mental coverage and data quality to be expected using
each technique.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, Spectroscopic analy-
sis, Mass spectroscopy, Quality assurance, Sampling,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), 'Environ-
mental samples. Plasma emission spectroscopy.
PB87-145694/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Cold Weather Plume Study. Final rept.,
Environmental Measurements, Inc., University City,
MO.
W. M. Vaughan. Dec 86,159p EPA/600/3-86/065
Contract EPA-68-02-3411
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research
Lab.
While many studies of power plant plume transport
and transformation have been performed during the
summer, few studies of these processes during the
winter have been carried out. Accordingly, the U.S. En-
vironmental Protection Agency and the Electric Power
Research Institute jointly sponsored a field study in
February 1981, the Cold Weather Plume study. It was
based on St. Louis, Missouri, and focused on the
plume from the Kincaid power plant located southeast
of Springfield, Illinois. The objective was to character-
ize heterogeneous SOx and NOx chemistry in a power
plant plume in cold weather. The report presents de-
scriptive analyses of these measurememts. Cross
plume integrations of pollutant parameters are porvid-
ed along with estimates of plume age. An integrated
data base in consistent format has been established to
permit wider use of the measurements.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Plumes, "Electric power
plants, 'Cold weather tests, Contaminants, Sulfur di-
oxide, Nitrogen oxides, Concentration(Composition),
Graphs(Charts), Winter, Environmental monitoring,
Kincaid Power Plant, Saint Louis(Missouri).
PB87-14S702/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Gray Iron Foundry IndustQf Particulate Emissions:
Source Category Report. Final rept. Jun 83-Aug 86,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
J. Jeffrey, J. Fitzgerald, and P. Wolf. Dec 86,85p EPA/
600/7-86/054
Contract EPA-68-02-3157
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of a study to develop particu-
late emission factors based on cutoff size for inhalable
particles for the gray iron foundry industry. After a
review of available information characterizing particu-
late emissions from gray iron foundries, the data were
summarized and rated in terms of reliability. Size spe-
cific emission factors were developed from these data
for the major processes used in the manufacture of
gray iron. A detailed process description is presented
with emphasis on factors affecting the generation of
emissions. A replacement for Section 7.10 (Gray Iron
Foundries) of EPA report AP-42, A Compilation of Air
Pollutant Emissions Factors, was prepared, containing
the size specific emission factors developed during the
program.
Keywords: "Foundries, "Iron and steel industry, "Air
pollution, Foundry practice, Gray iron. Sources, Con-
taminants, Particle, "Stationary sources, "Emission
factors, Particulates, Pollution control.
PB87-145736/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Gravimetric Technique for the Preparation of Ac-
curate Trace Organic Gas Standards. Interim
Report January-December 1984,
National Bureau of Standards (NML), Gaithersburg,
MD. Gas and Particulate Science Div.
G. C. Rhoderick, W. F. Cuthrell, and W. L. Zielinski. Jan
87,12p EPA/600/4-86/006
See also report dated 1985, PB85-207397. Sponsored
by Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
An accurate procedure based on micro-gravimetry has
been used for the preparation of volatile, hazardous or-
ganic chemicals in a nitrogen matrix in pressurized gas
cylinders at analyte concentrations ranging from 10
ppb to 10 ppm, by mole. In this technique, the organics
of interest are individually weighed into separate glass
capillary tubes using a micro-analytical balance. The
tubes are sealed, and subsequently broken in a fixed
line connected to an evacuated cylinder. A known
weight of pre-analyzed matrix gas (nitrogen) is then
used to pressurize the cylinder, and the concentrations
of the organics are calculated on a molar basis relative
to the number of moles of the matrix gas. A number of
these gravimetric primary mixtures have been pre-
pared and analytically intercompared using gas chro-
matography (GC) with flame-ionization detection (FID).
Excellent agreement has been found between analyte
concentration values prepared gravimetrically and
concentration values determined by analysis.
Keywords: "Gravimetric analysis, "Standards, "Gases,
"Hazardous materials, Trace elements,
Concentration(Composition), Gas cylinders, Organic
compounds, Chemical analysis, "Air pollution detec-
tions, "Reference materials, Volatile organic com-
pounds.
PB87-145744/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Influence of Rogue Droplet Atomlzation on Incin-
eration Effectiveness. Rept. for Oct 85-Oct 86,
AcurexCorp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J A Mulholland, R. K. Srivastava, and J. V. Ryan. Jan
87, 21 p EPA/600/D-87/043
Contract EPA-68-02-3988
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper gives results of measuring the trajectories
and carbon destruction efficiency of fuel oil droplets in
a 100 kW combustor, in an effort to better understand
the influence of rogue droplet atomization on inciner-
ation effectiveness. The single monodisperse droplet
streams were injected into swirling, turbulent gas
flames with parametric variation in initial droplet size,
velocity, spacing, and injection angle. Using a three-di-
mensional algorithm for modeling drag during the initial
heating and evaporation of an isolated burning droplet,
predictions of droplet trajectories are compared with
experimental results. The correlation of droplet pene-
tration with droplet incineration suggests that incinera-
tor failure modes may be predicted on the basis of
droplet atomization parameters and flame flowfield
conditions. Further development of the droplet ballis-
tics model to explore the effects of droplet interactions
and gas flowfield turbulence is ongoing.
Keywords: "Incineration, "Hazard wastes,
'Drops(Liquids), Atomizing, "Pollution control, De-
struction efficiency.
PB87-145751/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Treatment Alternatives for Controlling Chlorinat-
ed Organic Contaminants In Drinking Water. Re-
search rept. Oct 81-Sep 85,
Thornton, CO,
M A. Speed, A. Barnard, R. P. Arber, G. C. Budd, and
F. J. Johns. J an 87, 196p* EPA/600/2-87/011
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Prepared in cooperation with Arber (R.P.) Associates,
Denver, CO. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research
Lab.
A pilot plant study was conducted by the City of Thorn-
ton, Colorado, to evaluate techniques for controlling
chlorinated organic compounds formed in drinking
water as a result of breakpoint, or free, chlorination.
The pilot plant was operated for 46 months using the
raw water sources available to the City's 20-mgd Col-
umbine Water Treatment Plant. The treatment tech-
niques evaluated included conventional coagulation
and sedimentation, adsorption of organic precursors
on powdered activated carbon (PAC), adsorption of
chlorinated organic compounds on granular activated
carbon (GAC), and alternative methods of disinfection,
including the use of chloramines and chlorine dioxide
in addition to the present practice of breakpoint chlor-
ination. The effectiveness of the alternatives were as-
sessed with respect to formation or removal of total tri-
halomethane (TTHM) and total organic halogen (TOX).
In addition, the alternative disinfectants were evaluat-
ed for biocidal effectiveness. Based on the study find-
ings, a process that employs chlorine dioxide in combi-
nation with chloramination was selected for full-scale
evaluation.
Keywords: "Potable water, 'Water treatment, 'Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Contaminants, Pilot plants,
Concentration(Composition), 'Water pollution control,
Drinking water.
PB87-145769/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Interpreting Patterns of Lake Alkalinity In the
Upper Midwest Region, USA,
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
G. E. Griffith, J. M. Omernik, and A. J. Kinney. Jan 87,
25p EPA/600/D-87/009
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
To clarify the extent of sensitivity of surface waters to
acidic deposition in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michi-
gan, lake and stream patterns were mapped for alka-
linity. Data was analyzed from approximately 14,000
lakes and streams and evaluated for the apparent spa-
tial associations between these data and macro-scale
factors thought to influence alkalinity (such as land
use, land forms, hydrology, geology, and soils). The
level to which each factor is important in influencing al-
kalinity varies within the region. The regional map com-
piled in the study helps meet the urgent need to under-
stand the relative potential sensitivity of surface waters
in the Upper Midwest, provides a tool for selecting ge-
ographic areas for more detailed studies, and allows
more accurate regional assessments of effects of
acidic deposition on aquatic resources.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Alkalinity, 'Surface waters,
"Ph control, 'Water quality, Water resources, Map-
ping, Land use, Hydrology, Geology, Soils, Water-
sheds, Upper Midwest(United States).
PB87-145777/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Proceedings: Workshop on Effects of Sewage
Sludge Quality and Soil Properties on Plant
Uptake of Sludge-Applied Trace Constituents.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Jan 87, 201 p' EPA/600/9-87/002
Proceedings of a workshop held at Las Vegas, Nevada
on November 13-16, 1985. Prepared in cooperation
with California Univ., Riverside, and Ohio State Univ.,
Columbus.
The workshop report summarizes the current research
and understanding about transfer of contaminants
from sewage sludge to the human food chain via land
application. As such it addresses the important param-
eters in the system which can alter the rate and degree
of movement of contaminants through the environ-
ment. The topics are as follows: effects of soil proper-
ties on accumulation of trace elements by crops, ef-
fects of sludge properties on accumulation of trace
elements by crops, effects of long-term sludge appli-
cations on accumulation of trace elements by crops,
transfer of sludge-applied trace elements to the food
chain, and effects of trace organics in sewage sludges
on soil-plant systems and assessing their risk to
humans. The report evaluates available data on ef-
fects of sludge, soil, and plant factors on plant uptake
of municipal sewage sludge-applied trace contami-
728 Vol. 90, No. 24
nants and their transfer into the food chain. The sum-
marized data and interpretation will be of value to EPA
in regulation and management of land application of
municipal sewage sludge.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Food chains, Soil properties,
Trace elements, Farm crops, Contaminants, 'Sewage
sludge, "Land pollution, 'Path of pollutants, Uptake,
Environment pollution, Root absorption.
PB87-145785/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Characterization of PCB (Polychlorinated Bl-
phenyl) Transformer/Capacitor Fluids and Corre-
lation with PCDDs (Polychlorinated Dlbenzo-p-
dioxins) and PCDFs (Polychlorinated Dibenzofur-
ans) in Soot,
Technical Resources, Inc., Rockville, MD.
B. Campbell, and A. Lee. Jan 87,125p EPA/600/2-
87/004
Contract EPA-68-03-3259
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Dielectric fluids in transformers and capacitors often
contain polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) or chloro-
benzenes. These substances may generate polychlori-
nated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated di-
benzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) under certain conditions of
combustion/pyrolysis. When electrical equipment con-
taining these fluids is involved in an accidental fire, the
resulting smoke, soot, and residues may be contami-
nated with PCDDs, PCDFs, and other toxic chlorinated
hydrocarbons. The report contains a review of several
laboratory studies investigating the sources of PCDDs
and PCDFs as well as the conditions under which they
are formed. In addition, some data from sites of actual
fire incidents are available and are discussed. Chloro-
benzenes and PCBs do not form PCDDs and PCDFs
when heated in the absence of oxygen. During fires
the dielectric fluid of transformers or capacitors may
be leaked or vented from ruptured casings. With expo-
sure to oxygen, PCBs can produce PCDFs and chloro-
benzenes can produce PCDDs.
Keywords: * Air pollution, "Soot, 'Hazardous materials,
'Transformers, Sources, Formation, Combustion, Py-
rolysis, Electrical equipment, Fire hazards, "Polychlori-
nated biphenyls, "Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins,
'Polychlorinated dibenzofurans, Dielectric fluids.
PB87-145801/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
PM10 Sampler Evaluation Program: January 1985
to July 1986,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. Woods, F. L. Chen, and M. B. Ranade. Jan 87,127p
EPA/600/4-87/004
Contract EPA-68-02-3992
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The report summarizes the activities conducted at the
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory's wind
tunnel test facility in RTP, NC from January 1985 to
July 1986. During this period, the wind tunnel test pro-
cedures proposed for PM(sub 10) reference and equiv-
alent methods (49 FR 10454) were evaluated and re-
vised. Several shortcomings in the particle sampling
and analysis procedures used in the wind tunnel test
facility were identified and eliminated. Specifically, the
aerosol distribution system was redesigned, the differ-
ences in concentration measurements between an
isokinetic high-volume sampler and an array of isokin-
etic sampling nozzles were investigated, the repeatabi-
lity of replicate isokinetic sampler measurements was
determined, the precision of the analytical technique
(fluorometry) was determined, and velocity and turbu-
lence profiles were measured over the range of wind
speeds used for testing.
Keywords: "Air pollution, Aerosols,
Concentration(Composition), Particle size, "Environ-
mental monitoring, 'Particulate sampling.
PB87-145819/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
National Surface Water Survey. National Stream
Survey (Phase 1 - Pilot, Mid-Atlantic Phase 1,
Southeast Screening, and Episodes Pilot) Quality
Assurance Plan. Final rept.,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
S. K. Drouse, D. C. Hillman, J. L. Engels, L. W.
Creelman, and S. J. Simon. Dec 86,236p EPA/600/4-
86/044
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The Quality Assurance plan documents the QA/QC
and methods used for the National Stream Survey of
the Aquatic Effects Research Program (Task Group E)
of the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Pro-
gram. The plan is based on the guidance and specifi-
cations provided by the Quality Assurance Manage-
ment Staff (QAMS, 1980) of the Office of Research
and Development. Methods are detailed in a compan-
ion document, but this plan gives the internal quality
control used by the contract analytical laboratories.
Detailed QA/QC procedures are given for all process-
es from field sampling, through sample processing and
analysis, to entry and verification of the data in a data-
base. The data checks, statistical assessments and
component comparisons used in data verification are
presented in detail.
Keywords: 'Streams, 'Acidification, "Water pollution,
Surveys, Water chemistry, Acid precipitation, Quality
assurance.
PB87-145827/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Methods Testing Sit* Project:
Project Management Plan. Final rept.,
Nevada Univ., Las Vegas.
C. K. Fitzsimmons. Jan 87,69p EPA/600/4-86/047
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
The Environmental Methods Testing Site Project is
being conducted by the Environmental Protection
Agency with the cooperation of the state of Georgia,
the state of Tennessee, Hamilton County, Tennessee!
and the city of Chattanooga. The concept is to estab-
lish one well-characterized site at which to conduct a
series of studies designed to improve environmental
monitoring methods and methods for assessing
human exposure to toxic substances in the environ-
ment. This management plan describes the objectives
of the project and the interactions among the various
participants that are necessary to complete the tasks
of site selection, site characterization which includes
inventorying data relevant to the Chattanooga area,
designing a data base, and implementing the use of a
geographic information system to analyze the data.
The geographic information system will be used to
analyze existing data to infer possible relationships
among the elements of exposure mechanisms, and it
will be used to plan studies needed to validate such re-
lationships.
Keywords: Exposure, Data processing, "Environmen-
tal monitoring.
PB87-14S83S/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Pilot-Scale Incineration Test Burn of TCOD-Con-
taminated Trlchlorophenol Production Waste,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA.
R. W. Ross. T. H. Backhouse, R. H. Vocque, J. W. Lee
and L. R. Waterland. Dec 86,88p EPA/600/2-86/121'
Contract EPA-68-03-3267
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
A series of three tests directed at evaluating the incin-
erability of the toluene stillbottoms waste from trichlor-
ophenol production previously generated by the
Vertac Chemical Company were performed in the
Combustion Research Facility (CRF) rotary kiln incin-
eration system. This waste contained 37 ppm 2,3 y 8.
TCDD as its principal organic hazardous constituent
(POHC). Flue gas 2,3,7,8-TCDD levels were less than
detectable at all locations sampled. Corresponding in-
cinerator destruction and removal efficiencies (DREsl
were greater than 99.9997 percent, based on individ-
ual sampling train analyses. By analyzing combined
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
concluded that 2,3,7,8-TCDD DRE was indeed greater
than 99.9999 percent. These results suggest that in-
cineration of the Vertac waste is capable of achieving
the required DRE and should be considered a treat-
ment option for this waste.
Keywords: 'Incineration, "Air pollution control, Flue
gases, Concentration(Composition), Incinerators, Pilot
plants, *Dibenzodioxin/tetrachloro, *Phenol/trichloro,
'Hazardous wastes, Particulate sampling, Principal or-
ganic hazardous constituents.
PB87-145843/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
User's Manual for Single-Source (CRSTER) Model
(Addendum),
Aerocomp, Inc., Costa Mesa, CA.
J. A. Catalano. Jan 87,141 p EPA/600/8-86/041
Contract EPA-68-02-4106
See also PB-271360. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Sciences Research Lab.
The Single Source (CRSTER) Model computes hourly
concentrations of quasi-stable pollutants in rural or
urban settings. The model is applicable to design,
modification, and evaluation studies for New Source
Review, Prevention of Significant Deterioration, other
permit-related applications, and evaluations that re-
quire the mathematical simulation of effects from stack
effluents of a facility. Up to nineteen collocated stacks
can be considered. For various averaging times, im-
pacts are calculated on a polar grid of one hundred
eighty receptors which can be at heights other than
plant grade provided no receptor exceeds the height of
the lowest stack. This addendum gives model changes
in conjunction with UNAMAP Version 6. New in this re-
lease is the addition of a default option for the auto-
matic setting of variables and program switches for
regulatory application of the model.
Keywords: 'Manuals, 'Mathematical models, 'Air pol-
lution, Computer programs, Computerized simulation,
Plumes, Concentration(Composition), FORTRAN,
'Point sources, 'Air quality, 'CRSTER model, Gaus-
sian plume models.
PB87-145850/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Considerations In Applying Minimum
Treated Wastewater to Land,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
N. E. Kowal. Jan 87,32p* EPA/600/D-87/041
The paper is primarily a summary of two previously
published detailed reports on the health effects of land
treatment (Kowal 1982, 1985), and the reader is en-
couraged to seek the supporting data and arguments
for the generalizations made here. In those reports the
types and levels commonly found in municipal
wastewater and the efficiency of preapplication treat-
ment (usually stabilization pond) are briefly reviewed
for each agent of concern. A discussion of the levels,
behavior, and survival of the agent in the medium or
route of potential human exposure, i.e. aerosols, sur-
face soil and plants, subsurface soil and groundwater,
and animals, follows as appropriate. For the patho-
gens, infective dose, risk of infection, and epidemiolo-
gy are then briefly reviewed. Finally, conclusions and
research needs are presented.
Keywords: 'Wastewater, 'Earthfills, Exposure, Epide-
miology, Humans, Concentration(Composition), Infec-
tious diseases, Soils, Contamination, 'Toxic sub-
Stances, 'Health effects, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), Land fills, Health hazards.
PB87-145868/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Building a Pollutant Reservoir Aloft by Cumulus
Clouds,	. A _ ,_ _. ,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. K. S. Ching. Jan 87,8p EPA/600/D-87/032
A diagnostic analyses is presented to assess the
impact of non-precipitating clouds on rates of change
of pollutant concentration both in the mixed layer and
in the free troposphere. This analyses is based on a
coupled two layer (mixed and free tropospheric) con-
servation of pollutant species model which distin-
guishes the role of active or venting type clouds from
the forced, or fair weather cumulus clouds. The study
examines the sensitivity of the modeled rates of
change of pollutant predictions in the mixed layer and
in the free troposphere to the method by which the ver-
tical exchange of these venting class clouds is mod-
eled. This analyses focus on the vertical redistribution
process, the heterogeneous conversion process
which are known to be rapid and important is ignored
in the study by considering only total pollutant concen-
tration.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Atmospheric models, Cumu-
lus	clouds,	Contaminants,
Concentration(Composition).
PB87-145876/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
United States Experience with Alternative Sewers,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
J. F. Kreissl. Jan 87, 19p* EPA/600/D-87/029
The history of development of alternative sewers in the
United States is discussed along with their basic
design features and extent of their use at the present
time. Guidance is provided in the form of field experi-
ence and rational projections for engineers to estimate
the capital and operation and maintenance costs of al-
ternative sewers. Logic is also provided on the best
use of these technologies in pure or combined form for
a variety of environmental conditions.
Keywords: 'Sewage disposal, 'Sewers, Sewage treat-
ment, Cost analysis, Operation, Maintenance, Sewage
pumps, Cost comparison.
PB87-145884/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Multi-Scaling and Exponential Fitting In Autocor-
relation Analysis,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
X. Dahai, S. G. Perry, and P. L. Finkelstein. Jan 87,8p
EPA/600/D-87/030
Prepared in cooperation with Chinese Academy of Me-
teorological Sciences, Beijing.
Autocorrelation functions contain information about
turbulence, including eddy sizes and strengths. In
order to make that information available to Gaussian
diffusion models, the autocorrelation function must
itself be modeled by reasonably simple mathematical
terms. The paper postulates a way to describe turbu-
lence which leads to a method for fitting the autocorre-
lation function by a series of exponential terms. It
shows that this procedure leads to simple, mathemati-
cally and physical consistent definitions for the trans-
formed autocorrelation and the spectra. An example is
given to show the utility of the method.
Keywords: 'Autocorrelation, 'Turbulence, Exponential
density functions, Fourier transformation, Eddies,
Wind velocity, Velocity measurement, Spectra.
PB87-145892/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of 'Baoteroides' as Indicator Bacteria
in Drinking Water. Final rept. Jan 84-Jan 86,
Washington Univ., Seattle. Dept. of Microbiology and
Immunology.
J. T. Staley, T. T. Moench, N. R. Ward, and D. L.
Johnstone. Jan 87,43p* EPA/600/2-87/010
Grant EPA-R-810477
Prepared in cooperation with Washington State Univ.,
Pullman. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research
Lab.
The research project is concerned with the develop-
ment of more rapid and sensitive procedures to deter-
mine the quality of drinking water. The specific objec-
tive of the project was to evaluate the use of a new
group of indicator bacteria for assessing fecal con-
tamination of drinking water. The bacteria considered
for the study are the human intestinal species of the
genus of anaerobic bacteria, Bacteroides. These
occur in much higher concentrations in the human
than do the coliform bacteria that are currently used as
indicator organisms, and they can be detected by sero-
logical procedures that are amenable to rapid and sen-
sitive assay. Thus this group appears to offer an ideal
alternative to current methodology.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Indicator species, Bacte-
ria, Chemical analysis, Feces, Water pollution, Anaero-
bic bacteria, 'Water quality, 'Drinking water, 'Bacter-
oides.
PB87-145900/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Flow Visualization Experiments on Stably Strati-
fied Flow over Ridges and Valleys,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. T. Lee, R. E. Lawson, and G. L. Marsh. Jan 87, 23p
EPA/600/D-87/048
Prepared in cooperation with Los Alamos National
Lab., NM., and Northrop Services, Inc., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
A series of flow visualization experiments was con-
ducted in the large towing tank of the EPA Fluid Model-
ing Facility. The objective of the experiments was to
define the flow over a simple cosine-shaped ridge and
within a valley formed by a pair of such ridges when
there is a stable ambient flow normal to the ridge.
Three experimental parameters were varied during the
study: the Froude number, the steepness of the ridge,
and the separation distance between the ridges. The
flow over single ridges was found to be similar to previ-
ously published results for isolated hills. The flow
within the valley formed by a pair of ridges was de-
pendent upon the steepness of the ridge. For the most
gentle ridge, there appeared to be little aerodynamic
interaction between the two ridges even at the mini-
mum separation of S/W = 1. The separation tended
to be unstable with the flow switching from an attached
to a separated condition during the tow.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric circulation, 'Topographic
features, 'Valleys, 'Flow visualization, Model tests,
Cooling, Wind(Meteorology), Interactions, Stratifica-
tion, Aerodynamics, Froude number, Mathematical
models, Ridges.
PB87-145918/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
New Method for Excystation of Giardia,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. F. Sauch. Jan 87,21 p EPA/600/D-87/046
In vitro excystation of Giardia is used to estimate cyst
viability and may also be used to obtain trophozoites
and cyst walls for analysis. Recently published excys-
tation procedures include the use of trypsin, serum or
bile salts in the excystation step. Trypsin, serum or bile
salts in the excystation medium was replaced by pro-
teose peptone for G. muris and phytone peptone for G.
lamblia. Comparison between this method utilizing
peptones and that of Schaefer utilizing trypsin showed
no significant differences in percent excystation for
both G. muris and G. lamblia.
Keywords: 'Giardia, 'Cysts, In vitro analysis, Pep-
tones, Agents, Trypsin, Enzymes, Microbiology, 'Ex-
cystation, 'Antigenic analysis, Protease peptone, Phy-
tone peptone, Hanks Balanced Salt Solution(HBSS),
Giardia lamblia, Giardia muris, Electrophoretic analy-
sis.
PB87-145926/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Use of Lined Pits for Disposal of Dilute Pesticide
Waste,
Engineering and Economics Research, Inc., Vienna,
VA.
G. R. Bierman, and N. P. S. Malik. Jan 87,41 p EPA/
600/2-87/003
Contract EPA-68-02-3982
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Modern agricultural practices rely heavily on the use of
pesticides to sustain high productivity. When pesticide
containers and application equipment are rinsed after
use, the contaminated water requires proper disposal.
At Iowa State University in Ames, Iowa, dilute pesticide
rinsates have been placed in a concrete-lined pit for
more than ten years. The pit contains alternating
layers of gravel and soil. Water evaporates from the pit
surface while pesticide chemicals are adsorbed on soil
particles destroyed by microorganisms or broken down
chemically. Similar lined pits have been used at sever-
al locations around the nation. This investigation in-
cludes review of design criteria for lined disposal pits
as well as descriptions of some of the pits now in use.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Waste disposal, 'Pesticides,
Pits(Excavations), Water pollution, Tanks(Containers),
'Lined pits.
PB87-145934/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Laboratory and Field Evaluation of the Semi-Vost
(Semi-Volatile Organic Sampling Train) Method.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. Bursey, J. Steger, M. Palazzolo, D. Benson, and J.
Homolya. Jan 87, 358p EPA/600/4-86/046
Contract EPA-68-02-4119
See also PB86-123569. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Laboratory studies and a second field evaluation have
been completed to assess the performance of the
Semi-Volatile Organic Sampling Train (Semi-VOST)
method for measuring concentrations of principal or-
ganic hazardous constituents (POHCs) with boiling
points greater than 100 deg C emitted from hazardous
waste incineration. The Semi-VOST methodology was
tested initially through a series of laboratory experi-
ments and a field test at a hazardous waste incinera-
tor. In the first field test method precision and bias
were shown to be compound specific. The second
field test was performed at a hazardous waste inciner-
ator using five gaseous deuterated compounds to dy-
namically spike four simultaneously operating Semi-
VOST trains. Toluene, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and
chlorobenzene were chosen because of boiling point
and chemical functionality.
Keywords: "Gas analysis, "Air pollution, "Hazardous
materials, "Incinerators, Sources, Chemical analysis,
Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data), Field tests, Perform-
ance, Water vapor, Concentration(Composition), Gas
chromatography, "Air pollution detection, "Air pollution
sampling, "Volatile organic compounds, Principal or-
ganic hazardous constituents, Semi VOST method,
Solid waste disposal.
PB87-145942/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Field Assessment of Aerated Lagoon Emissions
and Their Control Using an Inflated Dome. Techni-
cal rept. May 84-May 86,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
T. Nelson, B. Eklund, and R. Wetherold. Jan 87, 267p
EPA/600/2-87/009
Contracts EPA-68-02-3859, EPA-68-03-3994
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The fates of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in an
industrial wastewater activated sludge system were in-
vestigated in a 4-day sampling and analysis program.
The system included an aerated lagoon which was
covered by an inflated synthetic dome and had a
carbon adsorption unit to reduce the emissions of
odorous organic compounds. Samples of air, water
and sludge streams associated with the activated
sludge system were collected, along with air samples
at the inlet and outlet of the carbon adsorber. These
samples were analyzed to determine the concentra-
tions of individual organic constituents. The effective-
ness of the dome and carbon adsorption unit in reduc-
ing lagoon emissions of volatile organic compounds
was investigated, as was the applicability of the Thibo-
deaux, Parker and Heck model for predicting lagoon
emissions. Approximate percentages of removal of
VOC by biodegradation, adsorption and volatilization in
the aerated lagoon were determined.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Industrial waste
treatment, Wastewater, Industrial wastes, Sampling,
Sludge, Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data),
"Volatile organic compounds, "Fate of pollutants.
PB87-145959/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazardous Waste Management of Metal Finishing
Wsstos
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
C. J. Dial. Jan 87,14p EPA/600/D-87/005
The paper, presented at the 8th American Electro-
platers' Society/Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) Conference on Pollution Control for the Metal
Finishing Industry, summarizes present and past
metals control research conducted by EPA and pre-
sents the approach that EPA is taking to establish
standards for Best Demonstrated Available Technolo-
gy for hazardous wastes.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Waste disposal,
"Metal finishing, "Electroplating, Cyanides, "Metal
waste control, "Environmental protection agency and
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), Pollution
control, Metal removal, Metal recovery.
PB87-145967/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Wide Area Ozone Dry Deposition Measurements,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. M. Godowitch, and J. K. S. Ching. Jan 87,6p EPA/
600/D-87/003
An experimental study to investigate the temporal and
spatial variations of ozone deposition was conducted
as part of the Northeast Regional Oxidant Study pro-
gram in August 1979. Ozone fluctuations and fluxes
were obtained from a fast response ozone sensor on
board a research aircraft equipped with gust probes
and fast response temperature probes for turbulence
measurements. To obtain aerial measurements of
ozone deposition, low level aircraft runs were per-
formed in the mixed agricultural region around Lancas-
ter, Pennsylvania and in forested terrain to the north-
west. Statistical results derived from two case study
days show a maximum ozone deposition velocity of
0.90 cm/s over the cropland during the early afternoon
when convective turbulence was strongest. Ozone flux
decreased with height, and it was weaker in a valley
compared to a forested ridge due to the presence of a
lake along the valley floor. Ozone fluxes were negative
during the daytime period in agreement with surface
layer tower measurements.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Air pollution, "Eddies, "Turbu-
lence, "Aerial surveys, Boundary layers, Atmospheric
sciences, "Ozone deposition, "Ozone concentration
fluctuations, "Aircraft measurements, Gust probes.
PB87-145975/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Theoretical Basis for Modeling Element Cycling.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
R. R. Lassiter. C1986,40p EPA/600/D-87/001
Pub. in Biomathematics, Mathematical Ecology, v17
p341-377 1986. Prepared in cooperation with Georgia
Univ., Athens. Inst, of Ecology.
A biophysical basis for modeling element cycling is de-
scribed. The scheme consists of element cycles, orga-
nisms necessary to completely catalyze all the compo-
nent reactions, and higher organisms as structurally
complex systems and as subsystems of more complex
ecosystems, all to the degree of complexity support-
able by the system power input and rate that elements
are made available by the biotic system itself. In the
limit, organisms that persist are those that achieve a
balance between their power supply and demand and
that are able to obtain elements for biosynthesis at
rates that match their rates of loss via deaths, excre-
tion, etc. Comparison of power demand, power supply,
and rates of obtaining elements as substrate for bio-
synthesis for the various modes of metabolism permit
the calculation of population growth rates. Thus, the
foundation is laid for further consideration of element
cycling rates via a system of coupled equations in
which the equations represent populations of orga-
nisms carrying out the element cycle transformations.
(Copyright (c) Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg,
1986.)
Keywords: "Elements, "Cycles, "Models, "Biochemis-
try, Biophysics, Catalysis, Transformations, Biosynthe-
sis, Life support, Energy levels, Biomathematics,
'Microorganisms, Oxidation reduction reactions, Food
chains, Reprints, Ecosystems.
PB87-145983/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
National Solid Wastes Management Association,
Washington, DC.
Leachate Characterization and Synthetic Leach-
ate Formulation for Liner Testing,
Science Applications International Corp., McLean, VA.
J. Bramlett, E. Repa, and C. Mashni. Jan 87,24p EPA/
600/D-87/016
Contract EPA-68-03-3113
Sponsored by National Solid Wastes Management As-
sociation, Washington, DC., and Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste En-
gineering Research Lab.
A U.S. study was conducted to characterize leachates
from hazardous waste land disposal sites and to
assess the feasibility of formulating a multicompound
synthetic leachate for liner testing. Leachate samples
from thirteen hazardous waste disposal sites were
analyzed for priority pollutant compounds, total cya-
nide, total organic carbon, chemical oxygen demand,
and various physical parameters. The analytical data
were evaluated to characterize the occurrence fre-
quency and concentrations of detected constituents in
the leachates. Conclusions were made regarding the
feasibility of formulating a synthetic leachate based on
the study data. Recommendations were made for ap-
proaches to representing constituents in a leachate
formulation and for follow-on analytical programs
which would more comprehensively characterize lea-
chates and enlarge the organic constituent data base.
Keywords: "Lining, 'Earth fills, "Materials tests, Expo-
sure, Wear tests, Concentration(Composition), Leach-
ing, Synthetic resins, "Solid waste disposal, Lea-
chates.
PB87-145991/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Three-Dimensional Model for Hyperthermia Calcu-
lations,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. J. Spiegel, and M. B. E. Fatmi. Jan 87,12p EPA/
600/D-87/015
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Realistic three-dimensional models that predict tem-
perature distributions with a high degree of spatial res-
olution in bodies exposed to electromagnetic (EM)
fields are required in the application of hyperthermia
for cancer treatment. To ascertain the thermophysiolo-
gic response of humans during hyperthermia, a finite-
difference procedure for calculating both the EM depo-
sition and heat transfer within the body has been de-
veloped. This model possesses sufficient spatial reso-
lution to consider basic anatomical features including
organs and tumors. The flow of heat into and out of the
body has been simulated; this includes internal heat
generation (metabolism and EM deposition), cooling
and distribution of heat by blood flow, thermal conduc-
tion throughout the body, evaporative heat loss, and
radiation and convection from the outer surface of the
body to the environment. Dynamic thermoregulatory
behavior such as peripheral vasomotor responses
(skin vasodilation and vasoconstriction) and variable
sweating rates were also simulated. Two hyperthermia
scenarios were studied with the model.
Keywords: "Hyperthermia, "Models, Computation, Ma-
lignant neoplasms, Electromagnetic fields, Radiation
tolerance, Radiation dosage, "Human response,
Cancer treatment, Thermophysiologic response, Inter-
nal heat generation.
PB87-146007/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Technologies for In-situ Treatment of Hazardous
Wastes,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
D. E. Sanning, and R. F. Lewis. Jan 87,28p* EPA/
600/D-87/014
The paper will give a general overview/problem defini-
tion and state-of-the-art of the natural processes of
biodegradation and chemical transformations. The im-
portance and problems of delivery and recovery sys-
tems will be emphasized. In-situ treatment technol-
ogies will be classified into extraction processes (air
stripping, flushing, freezing, electrokinetics, vegetative
and thermal) and immobilization and degradation proc-
esses (grouting, fixation, thermal fusion, chemical and
biological). Documented case histories of an in-situ
treatment at several sites will be presented. This will
include some of the ongoing and completed EPA/
ORD activities.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, Materials recovery
"Hazardous wastes, "In situ treatment, Biodegrada-
tion.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-146015/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Ambient Toxicity to Assess Biological Impact,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
D. I. Mount. Jan 87,18p EPA/600/D-87/002
The frequent occurrence of xenobiotic chemicals in
surface water is of concern to regulatory agencies and
the public. The impact of these must be distinguished
from impacts due to other factors such as low oxygen,
habitat or dredging before an understanding of expect-
ed improvement from their reduction can be achieved.
An ambient toxicity test is described, which is competi-
tive in cost to G.C. analyses, that can be used to dis-
cuss if the chemicals present are causing toxicity. In
field studies completed recently, the correlation be-
tween toxicity measured in ambient tests and the
impact on biological communities was highly signifi-
cant.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, "Environments, "Toxicity,
Biological surveys, Aquatic biology, "Ambient toxicity
test, Water pollution control, "Xenobiotic chemicals,
Biological community assessments, Biological impact,
Regulatory agencies.
PB87-146148/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Supplemental Quality Assurance Criteria for High-
Resolution Gas Chromatography/High-Resolution
Mas* Spectrometrlc Determination of 2,3,7,8-Te-
trachlorodibenzo-p-dioxln in Biological Tissue.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
D. W. Kuehl, B. C. Butterworth, and K. L. Johnson,
c 1986,3p EPA/600/J-86/185
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v58 p1598-1599 Mar 86.
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Univ.-Superi-
or. Center for Lake Superior Environmental Studies.
An analytical technique has been developed to dem-
onstrate both mass spectral and gas chromatographic
resolution during each HRGC/HRMS-M5D determina-
tion of TCDD. The technique uses (13)C6 1,2,3,4-
TCDD and (37)CI4 2,3,7,8-TCDD to demonstrate the
resolution. A technique has also been developed to
measure the minimum level of detection of TCDD in
each sample.
Keywords:	"Chromatographic	analysis,
"Tissue(Biology), Chemical analysis, Quality assur-
ance,	Gas	chromatography,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, "Dibenzo-
dioxin/tetrachloro, Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins,
CAS 1746-01-6.
PB87-146155/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Batch-Type Adsorption Procedures for Estimating
Soil Attenuation of Chemicals. Draft Technical Re-
source Document for Public Comment,
Illinois State Geological Survey Div., Champaign.
W R. Roy, I. G. Krapac, S. P. J. Chou, and R. A. Griffin.
Jan 87,199p* EPA/530/SW-87/006
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste and Emergen-
cy Response.
The Technical Resource Document (TRD) describes a
number of laboratory batch procedures for assessing
the capacity of soils and soil components of liners for
waste management facilities to attenuate chemical
constituents from solution. Procedures for both organ-
ic and inorganic constituents are described, and their
scientific basis and rationale are documented. Exam-
ples are included to demonstrate the application of the
procedures and the use of the data in designing soil
liners for pollutant retention.
Keywords: "Soils, Adsorption, Sorptive properties,
Containment(General),	Permeability,
Concentration(Composition), "waste management,
"Leaching, Solid wastes, Soil liners, Land disposal.
PB87-146163/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of Benthlc Macroinvertebrate Blomass
Methodology. Part 1. Laboratory Analytical Meth-
ods. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
W. T. Mason, P. A. Lewis, and C. I. Weber. 1983,20p
EPA/600/J-83/356
See also PB87-146171. Pub. in Environmental Moni-
toring and Assessment 3, p29-44 1983.
Evaluation of analytical methods employed for wet
weight (live or preserved samples) of benthic marcoin-
vertebrates reveals that centrifugation at 140 x gravity
for one minute yields constant biomass estimates. Du-
ration of specimen exposure in ethanol, formalin, and
formol (formalin -ethanol combinations) causes signifi-
cant body weight loss within 48 hr. Formalin and formol
cause less body weight loss than ethanol. However, as
all preservatives tested cause body weight loss, pres-
ervation time of samples collected for comparative
purposes should be treated uniformly. Constant dry
weights are attained by oven drying at 103 deg C at a
minimum of four hours or vacuum oven drying (15
inches of mercury pressure) at 103 deg C a minimum
of one hour. Although requiring more time in prepara-
tion than oven drying and inalterably changing speci-
men body shape, freeze drying (10 microns pressure -
55 C, 24 hr) provides constant dry weights and is ad-
vantageous for long term sample storage by minimiz-
ing curatorial attention.
Keywords: "Aquatic biology, "Chemical analysis, Bio-
mass, Reprints. "Environmental monitoring, Benthic
macroinvertebrate.
PB87-146171/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Blomass
Methodology. Part 2. Field Assessment and Data
Evaluation. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
W. J. Mason, P. A. Lewis, and C. I. Weber. 1985,28p
EPA/600/J-85/459
See also PB87-146163. Pub. in Environmental Moni-
toring and Assessment 5, p399-422 1985.
The study shows that biological assessments of water
quality status using biomass estimates of wet, dry, and
ash-free dry weights and counts of individual orga-
nisms from a small, headwater stream in southwestern
Ohio provide essentially similar results concerning the
impact of a sewage treatment plant discharge. Of the
indices of biotic status for the stream employed for
data evaluation; Diversity Index (D), Community Diver-
sity Index (d), Trophic Condition Index (TCI), and Em-
pirical Biotic Index (EBI), the latter two provided eval-
uations most consistent with benchmark water chem-
istry and physics information concerning the trophic
status of the stream. In addition, the percent composi-
tion of macroinvertebrate taxa by pollutional category;
'clean water', 'facultative', and 'pollution tolerant, as
ascribed using TCI and EBI ranges for individual taxa
collected in combination of Ekman grab, rockfilled
basket sampler and drift net samples, proves ade-
quate for interpretation of biotic status.
Keywords: "Aquatic biology, Biomass, Sewage, Waste
water, Reprints, "Environmental monitoring, "Water
pollution effects(Animals), Benthic macroinvertebrate.
PB87-146189/HSU	.< PC A03/MF A01
Effects of Pollution on Freshwater Organisms.
Fate and Effects of Pollutants. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
C. E. Stephan, D. L. Spehar, T. H. Roush, G. L. Phipps,
and Q. H. Pickering. 1986,30p EPA/600/J-86/184
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
v58 n6 P645-671 Jun 86. See also PB86-117207.
A variety of sources were searched for data concern-
ing the effects of pollution on freshwater plants, ani-
mals, and ecosystems. Pertinent data obtained since
the last annual review were briefly summarized, tabu-
lated by pollutant, and appropriately referenced.
Keywords: "Ecology, "Fresh water fishes, Amphibia,
Invertebrates, Plants(Botany), pH, Dissolved gases,
Organic compounds, Inorganic compounds, Reprints,
"Water pollution effects(Animals), "Water pollution
effects(Plants), Fate of pollutants.
PB87-146197/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Neuronal Phosphoprotelna: Physiological and
Clinical Implications. Journal article,
Rockefeller Univ., New York.
E. J. Nestler, S. I. Walaas, and P. Greengard. C1984,
11 p EPA/600/J-84/383
Grant EPA-R-810608
Pub. in Science, v225 p1357-1364, 21 Sep 84. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
The presence of a great variety of neuron-specific
phosproteins in nervous tissue supports the view that
protein phosphorylation plays many roles in neuronal
function. The physiological significance of several of
these phosphoproteins has already been established.
Some neuronal phosphoproteins have been detected
throughout the entire nervous system, whereas the
distribution of others is limited to one or a few neuronal
cell types. These various neuron-specific phosphopro-
teins are proving of value in the study of the physiolo-
gy, anatomy, developmental biology, and pathophysio-
logy of the nervous system.
Keywords: "Nerve cells, "Phosphorylation, "Nervous
system, "Neurology, Nervous system disorders, Path-
ophysiology, Physiology, "Phosphoproteins, "Neuro-
transmitters, "Neuronal proteins, Neuronal function.
PB87-146205/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Quantitative Dot-lmmunobinding Assay for Pro-
teins Using Nitrocellulose Membrane Filters. Jour-
nal article,
Rockefeller Univ., New York.
R. Jahn, W. Schiebler, and P. Greengard. c1984, 7p
EPA/600/J-84/382
Grant EPA-R-810608
Pub. in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sci-
ence, v81 p1684-1687 Mar 84. Sponsored by Health
Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
An immunoassay method is described for the quantita-
tive determination of synapsin I (protein I) and of a
36,000-daiton membrane protein from rat brain synap-
tic vesicles. The samples are spotted on nitrocellulose
membrane filters, incubated sequentially with specific
antibodies and -125 l-labeled protein A, and assayed
for radioactivity in a gamma scintillation counter. Con-
ditions have been established to prevent losses of pro-
tein from the sheets during processing, to quench
background radioactivity, and to adjust the sensitivity
to the range desired. A large number of samples can
be handled in parallel. The assay does not require io-
dination of the antigen and is accurate even with crude
tissue samples. Standard curves were linear over a 20-
to 50-fold range. The sensitivity of the method is such
that 10 pmol of synapsin I and 50 ng of total vesicle
membrane protein could be measured with accuracy.
The method should prove useful for a wide range of
proteins.
Keywords: "Meetings, "Protein, Quantitative analysis,
Rats, Brain, Immunoassay.
PB87-146213/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Protein III, a Neuron-Specific Phosphoprotein:
Variant Forma Found In Human Brain. Journal arti-
Rockefeller Univ., New York.
E. Perdahl, W. C. S. Wu, M. D. Browning, B. Winblad,
and P. Greengard. c1984,10p EPA/600/J-84/384
Grant EPA-R-810608
Pub. in Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology, v6
p425-431 1984. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Recent work in the laboratory has shown the presence
of many neuron-specific phosphoproteins in the mam-
malian nervous system. Two of these proteins, Protein
III and Synapsin I, are specifically associated with syn-
aptic vesicles in neurons throughout the brain. Protein
III consists of two polypeptides, Protein Ilia (Mr 74 kD)
and Protein 1Mb (Mr 55 kD). These two polypeptides
have similar chemical immunological and biological
properties and they seem to be closely related to Syn-
apsin I which also consists of two polypeptides, la (Mr
86 kD) and lb (Mr 80 kD). Protein III and Synapsin I
may play roles in synaptic function as their states of
phosphorylation are increased by agents that depolar-
ize neuronal membranes, by 8-bromoadenosine 3':5'-
monophosphate (cAMP), and by several neurotrans-
mitters, including dopamine, serotonin and norepin-
ephrine (4, 5, 9,11). In the present study, the authors
investigated Protein III and Synapsin I in human brain
tissue obtained at autopsy from normal individuals and
from individuals suffering from a variety of diseases af-
fecting the central nervous system.
Keywords: "Proteins, "Toxicplogy, Humans, Brain, Re-
prints, "Phosphoproteins.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-146221/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Strengths and Weaknesses of Using C-t Values to
Evaluate Disinfection Practice,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
J. C. Hofl. Jan 87, 21 p* EPA/600/D-87/012
Disinfection of drinking water has been used for many
years for the prevention of waterborne disease
through inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms.
Concerns about waterborne disease outbreaks
caused by the protozoan Giardia lamblia, the cysts of
which are very resistant to inactivation, and the need
to more precisely control the disinfection process to
reduce formation of potentially hazardous chemical
byproducts have made it necessary to more closely
examine the biocidal aspects of drinking water disin-
fection. The use of mathematical concepts based on
microbial inactivation kinetics to predict disinfectant
concentration and contact times needed to inactivate
specific proportions of various pathogens and indica-
tor species has received increasing attention as an ap-
proach to better control of the disinfection process.
The report describes the use of these concepts, the
problems in extrapolation from the available data and
in application of laboratory disinfection data to field
conditions.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Disinfection, Mathemati-
cal models, Contaminants, Microorganisms, Water
treatment, Reaction kinetics, Chemical reactions,
Chlorine, Ozone, "Drinking water, Giardia lambia,
Chloramines, Chlorine oxide(CL02).
PB87-146239/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Treatment ol Water from Contaminated Wells,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
W. A. Feige, R. M. Clark, B. W. Lykins, and C. A. Fronk.
Jan 87, 30p* EPA/600/D-87/011
The recently enacted Safe Drinking Water Act Amend-
ments dictates the regulation of 83 contaminants
within the next three years and at least 25 more by
1991. The paper describes the status of DWRD's re-
search activities and provides a state-of-the-art sum-
mary of removal techniques. DWRD's research activi-
ties are categorized as pilot-, bench-, and fieldscale
studies. Carbon adsorption is effective for removing
both VOCs and SOCs. Packed tower and diffused aer-
ation are best suited for removing VOCs. Ion exchange
has been field-tested to show effective removal of ni-
trates and pilot-tested for uranium removal. Reverse
osmosis (RO) has proven to be effective in the field for
radium removal and pilot-tested for nitrate removal. Of
the technologies that show promise and are being
tested at the bench- and pilot-scales, conventional
treatment with powdered activated carbon is effective
for removing a few of the SOCs, ozone oxidation is ef-
fective for removing certain classes of volatile organic
chemicals and SOCs, and certain reverse osmosis
membranes and ultraviolet treatment are also poten-
tially effective against VOCs and SOCs. Aeration and
carbon adsorption are being examined for their radon
removal capabilities.
Keywords: "Chemical removal(Water treatment), "Po-
table water, "Water wells, Contaminants, Water treat-
ment, Ground water, Osmosis, "Drinking water, Vola-
tile organic compounds, Nitrates.
PB87-146247/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Controlled Field Study to Determine the Impact of
Dry and Wet Deposition of Air Pollutants on the
Corrosion Rate of Galvanized Steel,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
E. O. Edney, D. C. Stiles, E. W. Corse, M. L. Wheeler,
and J. W. Spsnce. Jan 87,18p EPA/600/D-87/018
Contract EPA-68-02-4443
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
In the study galvanized steel panels were exposed for
6 months using an automatic covering device at a ma-
terials exposure site located at RTP, NC. Galvanized
steel panels were boldly exposed to wet and dry depo-
sition. Another set of panels was mounted on a motor-
driven rack that moved the panels under a shelter,
thereby preventing rain from falling on them. These
panels were sprayed with deionized water during each
rain event. IC and AA analysis of the runoff from
panels indicated that wet deposition enhances the dis-
solution rate of Zn surface. Much of the Zn dissolved
732 Vol. 90, No. 24
under both clean rain and dry deposition and total dep-
osition conditions can be accounted for by dry and wet
deposition of sulfur species and their reactions of Zn
compounds that form on the passive protective film on
the galvanized steel panels. This information is essen-
tial to the development of a damage model that parti-
tions the effects of wet and dry deposition on galva-
nized steel.
Keywords: "Field corrosion tests, "Galvanized materi-
als, "Steel, "Corrosion tests, Zinc coating, Protective
coatings, "Air pollution effects(Materials), Corrosion
rate.
PB87-1462S4/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hybrid Receptor Models,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
C. W. Lewis, and R. K. Stevens. Jan 87,15p EPA/600/
D-87/019
See also PB87-116414.
A hybrid receptor model is a specified mathematical
procedure which uses not only the ambient species
concentration measurements that form the input data
for a pure receptor model, but in addition source emis-
sion rates or atmospheric dispersion or transformation
information characteristic of dispersion models. By uti-
lizing more information, hybrid receptor modeling
promises improved source apportionment estimates
or, more fundamentally, consideration of problems that
are inaccessible in terms of classical receptor model-
ing. Several examples of hybrid receptor models are
reviewed, emphasizing the great variety in possible ap-
proaches, and in the choice of input versus output
quantities. A simple illustration is given of a hybrid re-
ceptor model applied to the comprehensive ambient-
source-meteorological data base collected at Deep
Creek Lake, Maryland, during summer 1983.
Keywords: "Atmospheric models, "Air pollution, Math-
ematical models, Concentration(Composition),
"Hybrid receptor, "Air pollution sampling.
PB87-146262/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Cadmium as a Respiratory Toxicant,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
E. C. Grose, and J. A. Graham. Jan 87,28p EPA/600/
D-87/020
Cadmium is a major respiratory toxicant as evidenced
by numerous human and animal studies. Controlled
animal inhalation studies provide supporting evidence
to the associations observed in epidemiological stud-
ies that Cd has the potential to cause lung fibrosis, em-
physema, cancer, and kidney disease after prolonged
exposure. Shorter-term exposure studies indicate that
mechanisms thought to be involved in several of these
chronic disease states (especially fibrosis and emphy-
sema) are acutely activated. The evidence of toxicity is
sufficiently clear that a TLV has been set and the Inter-
national Agency for Research on Cancer has named
Cd as a Group B1 substance (probable human carcin-
ogen). The nsk to Cd exposure is enhanced by its
chemical and physical properties that result in bioac-
cumulation. Thus, even a low level exposure over long
periods of time would be expected to reach doses that
could be toxic.
Keywords: "Cadmium, "Toxic diseases, "Respiratory
diseases, Exposure, Urologic diseases, Malignant
neoplasms, Emphysema, Occupational diseases, In-
dustrial hygiene, Toxicology, "Health effects, "Epide-
miological studies, "Environmental effects, Environ-
mental monitoring, Animal inhalation studies, Thresh-
old limit value, TLV(Threshold Limit Value).
PB87-146270/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)
Wastewater Disinfection Research Program Evo-
lution to a Design Manual,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
A. D. Venosa. Jan 87,12p EPA/600/D-87/021
The paper presents the history of the EPA wastewater
disinfection research program from the early 1970's
until it culminated with the publication of the Process
Design Manual in September 1986. The program was
elevated to the highest Agency research priority in
1976 with the infusion of over $1 million additional
funds to accelerate development of alternative tech-
nologies. Reasons given for this supplemental funding
included the findings that chlorine was toxic to aquatic
life in low concentrations and reacted with precursors
to produce potentially hazardous halogenated organic
compounds. A number of projects were fundea and
each briefly discussed in the paper. Alternative tech-
nologies that became fully developed include ozone
and ultraviolet light. Finally, the design manual, its or-
ganization and purpose, the project team, and the four
years of hard work leading up to final publication are
discussed.
Keywords: "Waste water, "Disinfection, "Research
projects, Water treatment, Project planning, National
government, Design, Chlorine, Halogen organic com-
pounds, Ozone, Ultraviolet radiation, Alternative tech-
nologies, Federal funding, Aquatic organisms.
PB87-146288/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Viral Gastroenteritis Agents and Waterborne Dis-
ease,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
F. P. Williams. Jan 87,30p EPA/600/D-87/022
The application of electron microscopic techniques in
the study of human gastroenteritis led in the 1970's to
the identification of new viral agents that had previous-
ly escaped detection by routine cell culture proce-
dures. These agents have been the focus of study by
researchers in many areas of the world and improved
detection methods for these agents continue to be de-
veloped. Two or the best-known agents, rotavirus and
Norwalk virus, have been implicated in waterborne
outbreaks of this illness. Another virus, the Snow
Mountain agent, was first identified from the investiga-
tion of one outbreak.
Keywords: "Viral diseases, "Enteritis, 'Gastritis,
"Electron microscopy, Microscopy, "Waterborne dis-
ease, "Norwalk virus, "Rotavirus, "Snow Mountain
agent.
PB87-146296/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Rotating Biological Contactors; U.S. Overview,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
J. F. Kreissl. Jan 87,7p EPA/600/D-87/023
Rotating biological contactors (RBCs) are relatively
new to secondary wastewater treatment in the United
States, with over 500 municipal facilities being in-
stalled in the last decade. In addition to secondary
treatment applications, RBCs have also been used
successfully to upgrade marginal treatment facilities
and to provide nitrification. Because of a variety of
problems related to the design, construction, oper-
ation, and application of RBC facilities throughout the
country, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
has undertaken a number of research projects to in-
vestigate and identify the nature and extent of these
problems and to determine possible solutions. These
efforts have indicated that when properly designed,
built, and operated, RBCs can provide an acceptable
alternative biological treatment system.
Keywords: "Waste water, "Sewage treatment, Nitrifi-
cation, National government, "Rotating biological con-
tactor.
PB87-146304/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Sequencing Batch Reactors: U.S. Overview,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH
Water Engineering Research Lab.
J. F. Kreissl. Jan 87,8p EPA/600/D-87/024
The Sequencing Batch Reactor is a fill-and-draw acti-
vated sludge system. Each tank in the SBR system is
filled with wastewater during a discrete period of time
and then operated in a batch treatment mode. After
treatment, the mixed liquor is allowed to settle for a
predetermined amount of time and then the clarified
supernatant is withdrawn from the tank. During treat-
ment, sedimentation, and withdrawal, the wastewater
flow is either directed to another SBR tank in the
system, as in a multiple tank configuration, or to a stor-
age tank configuration where it is drawn for treatment
after the supernatant withdrawal has been completed
One modification of the SBR process, the intermittent
cycle extended aeration system (ICEAS), operates on
the principle of continuous feed as in a continuous-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
withdrawal as in the SBR system. With the exception,
therefore, of the ICEAS, an SBR system is comprised
of either a storage tank and an SBR tank or a minimum
of two SBR tanks to accommodate a continuous inflow
of wastewater to the treatment plant.
Keywords: 'Sludge, 'Waste water, Tanks(Containers),
Storage tanks, Sewage treatment, Aeration, 'Se-
quencing batch reactor, 'Sludge treatment.
PB87-146312/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Collection, Treatment, and Disposal of Sludge
from Small Communities: U.S. Experience,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Div.
J. F. Kreissl. Jan 87,7p EPA/600/D-87/025
Sludge treatment represents almost half the cost of
wastewater treatment at many facilities in the U.S. Al-
though sludge problems are of serious concern every-
where, they are different for different locations. The
approach to sludge handling and the solution to prob-
lems depends on geography, climate, population, pro-
portion and nature of industrial wastes in the
wastewater, and local details (e.g., proximity of hills,
rivers, residences, farmland, landfills, strip-minded
land). The net result has been different approaches to
sludge handling, and great variety in processes and
equipment. A breakdown of small community sludge
management facilities in the U.S. indicates that the
most popular method of sludge stabilization for facili-
ties of less than 1 mgd (0.044 cu m/s) capacity is aero-
bic digestion, followed closely by anaerobic digestion,
primarily at facilities near the high end of the range.
The overwhelming choice for dewatering is sand
drying beds, and for final disposal, land filling and
spreading. These practices have evolved over several
decades for a variety of reasons.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Urban areas, 'Waste
treatment, Waste water, Communities, Collection,
Waste disposal, Stabilization, Costs, Water pollution
control, Waste management.
PBS7-146338/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Wastewater Management Districts: U.S. Experi-
ence,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
J. F. Kreissl. Jan 87,6p EPA/600/D-87/026
Despite extensive Federal programs that have dra-
matically increased the number of people served by
public sewers over the past few decades, local govern-
ments will face the challenge to maximize the service
lives of existing onsite wastewater disposal systems.
In 1S78, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ini-
tiated a study that had the following objectives: inven-
tory existing operating management experiences; de-
scribe history, functional effectiveness, and cost of
case study programs; summarize Issues, problems,
constraints, and program strengths; define and evalu-
ate a range of management alternatives and program
requirements; and recommend procedures for selec-
tion and implementation of management arrange-
ments. Eighteen case studies (9 local and 9 state)
were selected. Evaluating these programs yielded sev-
eral basic issues that were common to all manage-
ment programs, Including the four primary functions;
planning, design, construction, and operation/mainte-
nance.
Keywords: 'Waste water, Local government, Waste
disposal, Effectiveness, 'Water pollution control,
'Waste management.
PB87*146346/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
perspectives on Solidification/Stabilization Tech-
nology for Treating Hazardous Waste,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
CCWiteB- Jan 87,10p EPA/600/D-87/027
In hazardous waste management, solidification/stabili-
zation (S/S) is a term normally used to designate a
lachnoiogy employing additives to alter hazardous
IzZmte to reduce the mobility of pollutants, thereby
jjuling it acceptable for current land disposal require-
ments The use of this technology to treat hazardous
ILaste may become more important as regulations re-
gSct the use of land for disposing of hazardous waste.
The paper discusses the technology and provides in-
formation to help assess its potential role In managing
hazardous waste. Technical and regulatory factors af-
fecting its use are presented.
Keywords: 'Stabilization, 'Solidification, Hazardous
materials, Waste treatment, Waste disposal, 'Hazard-
ous wastes, 'Waste management, Technology.
PB87-146353/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Army Toxic and Hazardous Materials Agency, Aber-
deen Proving Ground, MD.
Technical, Environmental, and Economic Evalua-
tion of Plastic Media Blasting for Paint Stripping,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
C. H. Darvin, and R. C. Wilmoth. Jan 87,16p EPA/
600/D-87/028
Sponsored by Army Toxic and Hazardous Materials
Agency, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD.
The U.S. Army Toxic and Hazardous Materials Agency
and the U.S. EPA Water Engineering Research Labo-
ratory cooperated to investigate the feasibility of Plas-
tic Media Blasting (PMB) as a paint removal technique
for aluminum military shelters. The PMB process was
compared in field tests with sandblasting and with
chemical stripping to determine relative cost, effective-
ness, efficiency, and environmental consequence. The
PMB process was judged superior to the chemical
stripping process and marginally better than sand-
blasting based upon the evaluation criteria.
Keywords: 'Paint removers, 'Water pollution, 'Air pol-
lution, Hazardous materials, Cost, Industrial wastes,
Efficiency, Effectiveness, 'Plastic media blasting, 'En-
vironmental effects.
PB87-146361/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Background Document for Solvents to Support 40
CFR Part 268, Land Disposal Restrictions. Volume
1.
Pope-Reid Associates, Inc., St. Paul, MN.
Aug 86,75p* EPA/530/SW-86/060
Contract EPA-68-01 -6892
See also Volume 2, PB87-146379. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office
of Solid Waste.
On November 7, 1986 EPA finalized the regulatory
framework for implementing the land disposal restric-
tions and promulgated treatment standards and asso-
ciated effective dates for certain spent solvent and
dioxin-containing hazardous wastes. The spent halo-
genated and non-halogenated solvent wastes subject
to the final rule are identified by EPA Hazardous Waste
no. F0O1, F002, F003, F004, and F005. The document
(Volume I) provides background information regarding
production and use of the restricted solvents, and a
discussion of physical and chemical characteristics of
F001-F005 solvents that are important with respect to
the land disposal restriction regulations and their ef-
fects on land disposal. Also included are summaries of
the toxicity of each of the F001 through F005 solvents,
and a description of incidents in which environmental
contamination has occurred due to volatilization or mi-
gration of solvents.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, Hazardous materials,
Physical properties, Chemical properties, Regulations,
Toxicity, 'Land disposal, 'Restrictions, 'Spent solvent
wastes, Environmental effects, Solid waste disposal,
Liquid waste disposal.
PB87-146379/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Background Document for Solvents to Support 40
CFR part 268, Land Disposal Restrictions, volume
2. Final rept.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Nov 86,229p* EPA/530/SW-86/061
Contract EPA-68-01-7053
See also Volume 1, PB87-146361.Portions of this doc-
ument are not fully legible. Sponsored by Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid
Waste.
On November 7, 1986 EPA finalized the regulatory
framework for implementing the land disposal restric-
tions and promulgated treatment standards and asso-
ciated effective dates for certain spent solvent and
dioxin-containing hazardous wastes. The spent halo-
genated and non-halogenated solvent wastes subject
to this final rule are identified by EPA hazardous waste
codes F001, F002, F003, F004, and F005. The back-
ground document discusses the volumes and charac-
teristics of hazardous solvent wastes affected by the
land disposal restrictions, evaluates the required treat-
ment and recycling capacity, and identifies the unused
capacity of alternative treatment and recycling tech-
nologies for these solvent wastes.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, Earth fills, Organic sol-
vents,	Hazardous	materials,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), 'Land dis-
posal, 'Spent solvent wastes, 'Restrictions, Solid
waste disposal, Liquid waste disposal.
PB87-146700/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Alternative Disinfectants and Granular Activated
Carbon Effects on Trace Organic Contaminants.
Final rept. May 83-May 84,
Jefferson Parish Dept. of Public Utilities, LA.
W. E. Koffskey. Jan 87,287p EPA/600/2-87/006
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The effects of alternative disinfectants on drinking
water quality were examined along with the ability of
granular activated carbon (GAC) to remove disinfec-
tion by-products and organic contaminants from lower
Mississippi River source water. In addition, the study
obtained bacteriological information associated with
the influent and effluent of each sand and GAC
column, and it evaluated the effects of post filtration
disinfection with monochloramine and free chlorine.
One other objective was to collect water samples for
health effects research. To accomplish these objec-
tives, four parallel pilot column process streams were
each dosed with a different disinfectant (ozone, chlo-
rine dioxide, monochloramine, and chlorine) and com-
pared with a fifth pilot column stream that was not dis-
infected. Samples collected from each step in each
process stream were analyzed for total organic
carbon, total organic halide, 10 volatile organics, 65
solvent-extractable hydrocarbons, 26 chlonnated hy-
drocarbon insecticides, heterotrophic plate count, total
coliforms, and dissolved oxygen.
Keywords: 'Disinfectants, 'Water quality, Potable
water, Contaminants, Ozone, Chlorine, Organic com-
pounds, Graphs(Charts), Concentration(Composition),
'Granular activated carbon, 'Drinking water, Chlorine
dioxide(CIOZ), Chloramine.
PB87-146809/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Rockviile, MD. Office of Sea Grant and Extramural Pro-
grams.
Review of Methods for the Analysis of Chloro-
phyll In Perlphyton and Plankton of Marine and
Freshwater Systems. Technical bulletin (Final),
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Sea Grant Program.
C. I. Weber, L. A. Fay, G. B. Collins, D. E. Rathke, and
J. Tobin. C1986, 71 p OHSU/TB-86/15
Grant NA84AA-D-00079
Sponsored by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad-
ministration, Rockviile, MD. Office of Sea Grant and
Extramural Programs.
The measurement of chlorophyll a concentrations in
periphyton and plankton is now widely used to esti-
mate algal standing crops and photosvnthetic rates,
the trophic status of surface waters, and the effects of
effluents. The relative abundance of chlorophyll a, b
and c is characteristic of the various major groups of
algae and provides information on the taxonomic com-
position of the algal community. Measurements of
many other properties of periphyton and phytoplank-
ton communities related to standing crop, community
structure, and function have been correlated with pa-
rameters such as temperature, total phosphorus, cell
number, cell volume, cell surface area, carbon con-
tent, primary production, biomass, community struc-
ture, and diversity. The use of chlorophyll to estimate
the biomass and productivity of periphyton began in
the 1950s, and a very extensive literature now exists
on the subject. Examples of the use of periphyton
chlorophyll measurements in water quality monitoring
can be found in the chlorophyll-biomass relationship,
now called the Autotrophic Index. Because of its po-
tentially wide application in measurements of the ef-
fects of pollution on periphyton communities, it has
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
been incorporated into the Model State Water Monitor-
ing Program and Basic Water Monitoring Program of
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (Copyright
(c) 1986 by the Ohio State University.)
Keywords: 'Chlorophylls, "Plankton, "Marine biology,
"Fresh water biology, Methodology, Algae, Photosyn-
thesis, Food chains, Water pollution, Communities,
Biomass, Productivity, Cell morphology. Water quality,
"Periphyton, Autotrophic index.
PB87-146817/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Layman's Guide to the Toxic Substances Control
Act.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Apr 85, 18p EPA/560/1-85/001
Contents: Introduction; Scope of the law; Testing of
chemicals; Premanufacture and significant new use
notifications; Control of hazardous chemicals; Record-
keeping and reporting; Relationship to other federal
laws; Research, monitoring, and data systems; Ex-
ports and imports; Disclosure of data; Effect on state
laws; State programs; Judicial review; Actions by citi-
zens; Employee protection; Civil and criminal penal-
ties; Enforcement; TSCA assistance office; Further in-
formation; EPA regional offices.
Keywords: Law(Jurisprudence), Hazardous materials!
Toxicity, Instructions, Regulations, "Environmental
legislation, "Toxic Substances Control Act, "Toxic
substances, Premanufacture notice, Significant new
use rule, Chemical testing.
PB87-147039/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Phosgene. Ex-
ternal Review Draft,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
N. P. Hajjar, C. E. Rothwell, C. Alexander, L. Borghi,
and B. Shacter. Aug 86,121p EPA/600/8-86/022A
Phosgene is primarily manufactured for the synthesis
of isocyanate-based polymers, carbonic acid esters,
and acid chlorides. Ambient and indoor air concentra-
tions of phosgene are produced by direct emissions
during its manufacture, handling, and use; thermal de-
composition of chlorinated hydrocarbons; and photo-
chemical oxidation of chloroethylenes in the air. The
effects of acute inhalation exposure are primarily respi-
ratory, causing pulmonary emphysema, pulmonary
edema, and possibly death due to paralysis of the res-
piratory center as a result of anoxia. Limited epidemiol-
ogy studies indicate no increase in the incidence of
cancers among workers chronically exposed to phos-
gene. No definitive conclusions can be drawn regard-
ing possible teratogenic, reproductive, carcinogenic, or
mutagenic effects of phosgene exposure because
adequate studies have not been performed.
Keywords: "Phosgene, "Environmental surveys, "Haz-
ardous materials, "Toxicology, Assessments,
Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Epidemiology,
Chemical properties, Physical properties, Laboratory
animals, "Health risks, "Toxic substances, "Occupa-
tional safety and health.
PB87-147047/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Lake Huron Intensive Survey, 1980: Analysis of
Samples from the Detroit Municipal Water Intake
for Use in Monitoring Southern Lake Huron. Final
rept.,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Div.
R. Moll. Oct 86, 79p
Grant EPA-R-005510
See also PB85-197978. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great Lakes National
Program Office.
The overall conclusion from the analysis of the Detroit
Municipal Water intake and crib samples is that for the
most part intake samples can be a useful tool for moni-
toring Lake Huron water quality. Most of the physical,
chemical, and biological variables did not change sig-
nificantly between the lake and the filtration plant. The
most notable variation was in chlorophyll samples
where the difference between plant and lake means
usually exceeded 30% for two of the three field trips.
The consideration of dissolved and total metals data
did not yield such an optimistic set of results as the
other variables. Differences between several of the
means exceeded 100% and in extreme cases 500%.
For example, Mg and dissolved Mg values were identi-
cal (and invariant) between lake and plant among all
field trips.
Keywords: "Great Lakes, "Water pollution, "Lake
Huron, Intake systems, Sampling, Metals, Aquatic
plants, Iron, Lead(Metal), Environmental impacts,
Chlorophylls, Manganese, Copper, Zinc.
PB87-147088/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pyrolysis of Municipal and Industrial Waste,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
G. L. Huffman. Jan 87,34p EPA/600/D-87/013
The paper provides a historical overview of some 21
U.S. research and development activities associated
with municipal/industrial waste and biomass conver-
sion-to-energy pyrolysis technologies. The history
begins in the early 1970's and is brought forward to the
present. Of the 21 pyrolysis processes/Projects dis-
cussed, 19 were sponsored by the U.S. Government (7
by their Environmental Protection Agency and 12 by
their Department of Energy) and 2 were developed by
industry. Five pyrolysis demonstration plants are de-
scribed, as are one prototype-scale effort, 6 pilot-scale
projects, 8 bench-scale activities, and the plans for
one commercial plant soon to be constructed.
Keywords: "Pyrolysis, "Industrial wastes, "Waste dis-
posal, Pilot plants, "Municipal wastes.
PB87-147096/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Hazard Assessment Using an Integrated Physio-
logically-Based Dosimetry Modeling Approach:
Ozone,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
F. J. Miller, J. H. Overton, E. D. Smolko, D. B. Menzel,
and R. C. Graham. Jan 87, 31 p EPA/600/D-87/040
Prepared in cooperation with Duke Univ. Medical
Center, Durham, NC., and Northrop Services, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
A physiologically-based dosimetry modeling approach
can provide a framework for integrating various com-
ponents of hazard assessments to obtain interspecies
dose-response curves as part of the risk assessment
process. The methodology presented for developing
dose-response curves is illustrated within the context
of the inhalation toxicology of a ubiquitous air pollutant,
ozone. Major components of the approach are dis-
cussed, including a data-based management system,
the Critical Toxicity Reference System, and a physio-
logical based dosimetry model for ozone absorption in
the lower respiratory tract of mammals. Features and
characteristics of the two components are discussed.
When the ozone dosimetry modeling approach is suffi-
ciently developed, it can provide improved estimates
for dose-response relationships in experimental ani-
mals, leading to improved estimates of human health
risks.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Ozone, "Mathematical
models, Respiratory diseases, Hazards, Risk, Toxicol-
ogy, Environmental tests, "Dosimetry modelling ap-
proach, "Health effects, Risk assessment, Air pollution
sampling.
PB87-147104/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Some Pharmacokinetic and Metabolic Factors Af-
fecting the Neonatal Toxicity of Chlorinated Hy-
drocarbons Found in the Great Lakes,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Experimental Biology Div,
K. T. Kitchin, and S. Kacew. Jan 87, 56p EPA/600/D-
87/004
Prepared in cooperation with Ottawa Univ. (Ontario).
Dept. of Pharmacology.
Industrialization has resulted in the emission of a wide
variety of organic chemicals into the biosphere. De-
spite the original source of the organic contaminant,
these chemicals have managed to enter drinking water
supplies and bioaccumulate in food chains. Of particu-
lar interest are the organic contaminants which have
been identified in fish and wildlife in the Great Lakes
Basin. As this waterway system functions as an impor-
tant source of drinking water for North Americans, con-
cern has been raised with respect to toxicity and bioac-
cumulation of these chemicals. Although a vast
number of environmental pollutants have thus far been
identified, this chapter will focus on just ten chemicals,
principally chlorinated benzenes, octachlorostyrene
and hexachlorobutadiene. The adult, fetal and neona-
tal toxicities of these compounds are discussed with
emphasis on metabolic and pharmacokinetic factors
which influence them.
Keywords: "Chlorohydrocarbons, "Toxicity, Food
chains, Wildlife, Fishes, Contaminants, Great Lakes,
"Toxic substances, "Pharmakinetics, "Water pollution
effects(Animals), Bioaccumulation.
PB87-147112/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Leaf UV Optical Properties of 'Rumex patlentla' L.
and 'Rumex obtusifollus L. in Regard to a Protec-
tive Mechanism against Solar UV-B Radiation
Injury,
Utah State Univ., Logan.
R. Robberecht, and M. M. Caldwell. Jan 87,13p EPA/
600/D-87/008
Prepared in cooperation with Idaho Univ., Moscow.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab
OR.
Effective UV attenuation in the outer leaf layers may
represent an important protective mechanism against
potentially damaging solar UV-B radiation. Epidermal
optical properties for Rumex patientia and Rumex ob-
tusifolius were examined on field collected and green-
house grown plants. Rumex patientia, a relatively UV-
B sensitive plant, has substantially higher epidermal
UV transmittance than Rumex obtusifolius, which indi-
cated that the UV-B flux at the mesophyll layer for
Rumex obtusifolius by 27% after exposure to solar UV-
B radiation. Flavonoid extract absorbance also in-
creased in whole leaves of both species after solar
UV-B radiation. The epidermis is not only an effective
filter for UV-B radiation, but is wavelength selective,
and shows a degree of plasticity in this attenuation.
Keywords: "Solar ultraviolet radiation,
"Leaves(Botany), "Plant genetics, Optical properties,
Photsynthesis, Germination, Plant physiology, Sensi-
tivity, Absorbtance, "Rumex patentia L, "Rumex obtu-
sifolius L, Protective mechanism.
PB87-147120/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Comparative Sensitivity of Blnucleate and Trinu-
cleate Pollen to Ultraviolet Radiation: A Theoreti-
cal Perspective,
Utah State Univ., Logan.
S. D. Flint, and M. M. Caldwell. Jan 87,16p EPA/600/
D-87/007
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Angiosperm pollen shed in the binucleate condition
(which is the case for most species) may be more sus-
ceptible to UV radiation damage than pollen shed in
the trinucleate condition. The speculation is supported
by data summarized from the literature which show
that trinucleate pollen is more physiologically ad-
vanced at the time when it is shed from the anther. The
time course of germination, penetration of the stigma,
and successful fertilization is thus more rapid in these
trinucleate species. The results in less exposure to
solar ultraviolet and consequently less damage should
be expected. Experiments are needed to test the sen-
sitivity of these pollen types in vivo and to evaluate the
efficacy of possible repair mechanisms.
Keywords: "Pollen, "Solar ultraviolet radiation,
'Plant(Botany), Plant genetics, Chromosome abnor-
malities, Plant physiology, Sensitivity, Germination,
Photosynthesis, Radiation effects, Angiosperm pollen!
PB87-147138/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Action Spectra and Their Key Role in Assessing
Biological Consequences of Solar UV-B Radiation
Change,
Utah State Univ., Logan.
M. M. Caldwell, L. B. Camp, C. W. Warner, and S. D.
Flint. Jan 87,29p EPA/600/D-87/006
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab
OR.
Action spectra of ultraviolet (UV) damage to plants
must be used as weighting functions to (1) evaluate
the relative increase of solar UV radiation that would
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
result from a decreased atmospheric ozone layer, the
radiation amplification factor--RAF; (2) evaluate the
existing natural gradients of solar UV irradiance on the
earth; (3) compare UV radiation from lamp systems in
experiments with solar UV radiation in nature. Only if
the relevant biological action spectra have certain
characteristics is there a potential biological problem
that would result from ozone reduction. Similarly, the
existence of a natural latitudinal solar UV gradient is
dependent on action spectrum characteristics.
Keywords: *Plants(Botany), "Solar ultraviolet radi-
ation, Radiation effects, Ozone, Radiation damage,
'Biological radiation effects.
PB87-147146/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
Aneuploidy in Higher Plants,
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC.
S. S. Sandhu, and B. S. Gill. Jan 87,19p EPA/600/D-
87/034
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
The paper reviews the significance and frequency of
naturally occurring aneuploidy in higher plants. The
role and mechanism of induction of aneuploidy by radi-
ation, chemicals, thermal shocks, and self hybridiza-
tion of polyploids and aneuploids in generating primary
and secondary aneuploids is discussed. The utility of
aneuploids in gene and chromosome transfer for plant
improvement is reviewed.
Keywords: 'Plants(Botany), 'Plant genetics, Genetics,
Chromosomes, Distortion, Mutations, "Aneuploidy,
Polyploids, Chromosome transfer.
PB87-147153/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Simplified Sampling and Analysis System for the
Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds In
Combustion Effluents,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
R. H. James, R. E. Adams, and L. D. Johnson. Jan 87,
21p EPA/600/D-87/035
Contract EPA-68-02-3696
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper gives results of a study to provide a design
for a simplified sampling system to support engineer-
ing projects for waste combustion requiring numerous
semiroutine sampling tests. Sorbents and tandem-bed
sorbent sampling tubes were evaluated to develop a
rugged, compact collection system for medium con-
centration levels of volatile organic compounds
(VOCs). Development of the system and laboratory
evaluation of the system with selected VOCs are pre-
sented. (NOTE: As part of the Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act (RCRA), the U.S. EPA has proposed
regulations for owners and operators who treat haz-
ardous waste by incineration. To ensure that these In-
cinerators operate in an environmentally responsible
manner, the regulations include a requirement that, for
selected principal organic hazardous constituents
(POHCs), a destruction and removal efficiency (DRE)
of equal to or greater than 99.99% must be achieved.
The volatile organic sampling train (VOST) was devel-
oped and evaluated for sampling very low levels of
VOCs in incinerator effluents.)
Keywords: 'Combustion, 'Effluents, 'Incinerators, Air
pollution control equipment, Design,
Concentration(Composition), Sorbents, "Air pollution
sampling, 'Volatile organic compounds, Stationary
sources. Hazardous wastes.
PM7-147161/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
German FGD/De-NOx (Flue Gas Desulfurlzatlon/
Denltrlflcatlon) Experience,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
W. Ellison, and C. B. Sedman. Jan 87,35p EPA/600/
O87/044
Prepared in cooperation with Ellison Consultants,
Monrovia. MD.
The paper gives updated details of major flue gas de-
sulfurization (FGD) and denitrification (de-NOx) instal-
lations in West Germany for coal-fired boilers. The
paper provides an understanding of the principal types
of control system designs that have been applied, out-
lines technological advancements that have been
achieved, and reviews operating experience gained to
date in expanded use of FGD and NOx removal facili-
ties in Europe in the 1980s. It describes significant dif-
ferences between FGD service and practice in the
U.S. and Japan, and gives specific information that
may help improve operation and reliability of new and
retrofit FGD installations in the U.S. Principal topics in-
clude: government emission control requirements in
Europe for new and existing coal-fired sources; West
German FGD and de-NOx installations and purchase
commitments; control of industrial boilers; manage-
ment of solid and liquid waste by-products; substantial
activities in other European countries.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'West Germany,
'Boilers, Industrial wastes, Flue gases, Waste dispos-
al. Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur dioxide, 'Air pollution abate-
ment, Rue gas desulfurization, Stationary sources,
Denitrification, Coal fired power plants.
PB87-147179/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Kinetics and Selectivity of Deep Catalytic Oxida-
tion of Volatile Organic Compound Mixtures,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
S. K. Ganawal, M. E. Mullins, J. J. Spivey, P. R. Caffrey,
and B. A. Tichenor. Jan 87, 49p EPA/600/D-87/045
Grant EPA-R-812522
Presented at the AlChE meeting, Miami Beach, Flori-
da, November 2-7,1986. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper gives results of a fundamental study of low-
temperature deep (complete) oxidation of n-hexane.
benzene, and ethyl-acetate over a 0.1 % Pt, 3% Ni/
gamma-AL203 catalyst. (NOTE: Deep catalytic com-
bustion of volatile organic compounds--VOCs--is
emerging as an important emission control technique.)
These VOCs were subjected to oxidation as single
components and as binaiv and ternary mixtures at
temperatures of 160-360 C. n-Hexane oxidation was
significantly inhibited in the mixtures, and ethyl acetate
oxidation was significantly enhanced in the mixtures.
An approach based on the Mars/van Krevlan rate
model is being used to explain these inhibitions and
enhancements. The model was reasonable successful
in predicting the conversion of benzene and n-hexane
in their binary mixture, in the intrinsic kinetic region.
However, as expected, it overpredicted the conver-
sions in the mass transfer region, since the effect of
mass transfer was not incorporated.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Catalysis, Oxidation,
Reaction kinetics, Hexane, Benzene, Ethyl acetate,
Concentration(Composition), Selectivity, "Catalytic ox-
idation, 'Volatile organic compounds.
PB87-147187/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Pilot Plant Testing of Electrostatic Fabric Filtra-
tion at Harrington Station,
Southwestern Public Service Co., Amarillo, TX.
R. Serrurier. Jan 87,34p EPA/600/D-87/036
Contract EPA-68-02-2659
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper gives results of pilot plant tests of electro-
static fabric filtration (ESfF) at Harrington Station,
near Amarillo, Texas. In early 1983, the pilot baghouse
at Harrington Station was modified to conduct a testing
program for ESFF. The tests conducted there suc-
cessfully demonstrated the ESFF concept on a com-
mercial scale and confirmed the favorable effect of re-
duced filtration pressure drop previously observed in
both. laboratory and small scale tests. The unique
woven-in electrode concept employed has been suc-
cessfully demonstrated from both bag construction
and operational standpoints.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Pilot plants, Fabric fil-
ters, Boilers, Utilities, Filtration, Flue gases,
Concentration(Composition), 'Electrostatic fabric fil-
tration, Coal combustion.
PB87-147195/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Control of Sulfur Emissions from Oil Shale Retort-
ing Using Spent Shale Absorption Pilot Plant Test-
ing,
J and A Associates, Inc., Golden, CO.
K. D. VanZanten, G. R. Chiaramonte, and E. R. Bates.
Jan 87,16p EPA/600/D-87/038
Contract EPA-68-03-1969
See also PB87-110516. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses an investigation of the environ-
mental advantages/disadvantages of absorbing S02
onto combusted retorted oil shale. The objective of the
program was to obtain more information in support of
EPA's PSD (Prevention of Significant Deterioration)
permitting decisions on sulfur control and to investi-
gate whether emission of other pollutants such as NOx
and trace elements might be significantly increased in
the process. Based on pilot plant data obtained in the
study, fluid-bed operating conditions are recommend-
ed to optimize S02 and NOx control. In general, condi-
tions that favor low S02 emissions also favor low CO
and trace hydrocarbon emissions, but do not favor low
NOx emissions. The study Indicates that the conditions
chosen for the conceptual design are reasonable and
(in most cases) conservative.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Oil
shale, Pilot plants, Nitrogen oxides, Cadmium,
Mercury(Metal),	Trace	elements,
Concentration(Composition), Stationary sources, Re-
torting.
PB87-147203/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Use of Spatial Patterns and Their Uncertainty Esti-
mates In the Model Evaluation Process,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
R. L. Dennis, and S. K. Seilkop. Jan 87,8p EPA/600/
D-87/031
Prepared in cooperation with Program Resources, Inc.,
Research T riangle Park, NC.
Regional model evaluation is a new arena in which tra-
ditional residuals analysis has too little to offer. New
techniques are needed that address quantification of
regional pattern comparison, accounting for uncertain-
ty and spatial correlation. Some of the more promising
techniques are discussed. One technique, kriging, rea-
sonably addresses the uncertainty in regional patterns
and provides for an objective comparison. Other tech-
niques, while useful, require that the comparison be
based on subjective judgments. More work is needed
in this area of regional pattern comparison.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Atmospheric models, Math-
ematical models, Plumes.
PB87-147211/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Comparison of Some Filtration Processes Appro-
priate for Glardla Cyst Removal,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research Div.
G. S. Logsdon. Jan 87, 31 p EPA/600/D-87/033
Slow sand filtration, diatomaceous earth (DE) filtration,
and coagulation-filtration (including conventional treat-
ment, direct filtration, and in-line filtration), have been
evaluated for Giardia cyst removal at pilot plant and/or
field scale. Properly designed and operated, the above
process can attain 99 percent cyst reductions, or
higher. The paper discusses relative advantages and
disadvantages of the proceses, and factors that may
result in success or failure of treatment. Slow sand fil-
tration may be the most appropriate for smaH systems
if the raw water is treatable. DE filtration is very effec-
tive for cyst removal, but removal of very small parti-
cles requires use of fine grades of DE or chemical pre-
conditioning of DE Coagulation-filtration has the
greatest flexibility, and can remove 30 to 50% of THM
precursor; also turbidity, microorganisms, and metals
that can be precipitated before filtration.
Keywords: "Water treatment, 'Disinfection, 'Filtration,
Sand filtration. Microorganism control(Water), Water
quality, Flocculation, Water supply, Evaluation, "Giar-
dia cyst removal, Diatomaceous earth(DE) filtration,
Coagulation filtration.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-147229/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Effect of Oil Shale Recovery Processes on Air
Emissions,
Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Boston, MA.
H. Taback, R. Goldstick, and E. Bates. Jan 87,30p
EPA/600/D-87/039
Contract EPA-68-03-3166
Prepared in cooperation with KVB, Inc., Irvine, CA.,
and Energy Design Service, Santa Cruz, CA. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Re-
search Lab.
The paper discusses the effect of oil shale recovery
processes on air emissions. In developing the analysis
for this process comparison, the EPA's Pollution Con-
trol Technical Manuals (PCTMs) for various oil shale
processes and various PSD Permit Applications were
used. The PCTMs present a comprehensive analysis
of the heat and material flows in a complete oil shale
recovery process. The PSD applications provide con-
trolled air emissions for the specific process consid-
ered by the developer. This, the comparison presented
in the paper is based on the actual design conditions
expected in a full-scale operation. The Basic conclu-
sion derived from the analysis is that, although the air
emission levels for the different retort processes with
controls considered to be Best Available Control Tech-
nology (BACT) can vary considerably, sometimes by
as much as two orders of magnitude, the application of
control techniques that are either improvements over
existing technology or more suitable for a specific ap-
plication, results in similar emission levels for all five
processes considered.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, *Oil shale, Materials
recovery, Tables(Data), "Oil recovery, Stationary
sources, Pollution control.
PB87-147435/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Factors Affecting Bioavailability of Cadmium.
Final rept. 1980-86,
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison.
R. B. Corey, P. A. Helmke, D. R. Keeney, G. C. Gerloff,
and R. T. Checkai. Jan 87,322p EPA/600/2-87/002
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
A project was undertaken to examine reactions of
metals with soils and soluble organics and to charac-
terize plant uptake by cadmium (Cd). The project ad-
dressed three components of the sewage sludge-soil-
plant system related to the bioavailability of Cd. These
were the mechanisms controlling Cd activity in sludge-
amended soil, the role of soluble organics in maintain-
ing high solution levels of Cd, and factors affecting
plant uptake of Cd at low, sustained levels of free Cd
ion in solution. This information is necessary if plant
uptake of Cd is to be simulated successfully with a
solute transport model. A large part of the research in-
volved methods development. Analytical procedures
were developed and checked for metal analyses of
plant tissue and soil extracts by inductively coupled
plasma emission spectroscopy and graphite furnace
atomic absorption, these procedures were used to de-
velop methods for determining speciation of Cd and
other metals in soil solutions and in soil suspensions.
The methods were then used to study the effects of
environmental variables on metal speciation.
Keywords: "Cadmium, *Plants(Botany), 'Water pollu-
tion, Concentration(Composition), Chemical analysis,
Soils, Zinc, Transport properties, "Biological availabil-
ity, "Environmental transport, Uptake, Root absorp-
tion.
PB87-147609/HSU	PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Proceedings: Symposium on the Transfer and Uti-
lization of Particulate Control Technology (6th).
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Dec 86,1427p-in 3v
Set includes PB87-147617 through PB87-147633.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab., and Electric Power Research Inst.,
Palo Alto, CA. Coal Combustion Systems Div.
No abstract available.
PBB7-147617/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Proceedings: Symposium on the Transfer and Uti-
lization of Particulate Control Technology (6th).
Volume 1,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
H. Rossi. Dec 86,456p EPA/600/9-86/031 A
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
Also pub. as Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto,
CA. Coal Combustion Systems Div. rept. no. EPRI-CS-
4918-VOL-1. See also PB81-122202, and PB87-
147625. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lab., and Electric Power Re-
search Inst., Palo Alto, CA. Coal Combustion Systems
Div.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB87-
147609.
These proceedings document the Sixth Symposium on
the Transfer and Utilization of Particulate Control
Technology, in New Orleans, LA, February 25-28,
1986. The symposium, the second of its kind to be
sponsored jointly by EPA and EPRI, was devoted to
discussions of particulate emissions control. Its objec-
tives were to promote the transfer of results of particu-
late control research to potential users of technol-
ogies, and to provide a medium for exchange of ideas
between researchers in the fields of particulate control
development and application. The proceedings con-
tain 84 papers presented by EPA and other federal
and state agency representatives, EPRI staff mem-
bers, representatives of utility companies, equipment
and process suppliers, university representatives, and
research and development companies. Additionally,
individuals from Australia, Canada, Denmark, Great
Britain, Italy, Japan, and South Africa presented infor-
mation on worldwide technological developments.
Electrostatic precipitators and fabric filters were the
major topics discussed. Volume 1 of the Proceedings
contains 26 papers presented in the Scrubbers, Opaci-
ty/Measurements, Advanced Energy Applications I
and II, and Integrated Control Processes I and II Ses-
sions.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, 'Particles,
'Meetings, "Electrostatic precipitators, Technology,
Combustion products, Boilers, Air filters, Industrial
wastes, Scrubbers, Sulfur dioxide, "Fabric filters, Sta-
tionary sources, Particulates.
PB87-147625/HSU	PC A24/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Proceedings: Symposium on the Transfer and Uti-
lization of Particulate Control Technology (6th).
Volume 2,
Radian Corp,, Research Triangle Park, NC.
H. Rossi. Dec 86, 570p EPA/600/9-86/031 B
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
Also pub. as Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto,
CA. Coal Combustion Systems Div. rept. no. EPRI-CS-
4918-VOL-2. See also PB87-147617, and PB87-
147633. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lab., and Electric Power Re-
search Inst., Palo Alto, CA. Coal Combustion Systems
Div.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB87-
147609.
These proceedings document the Sixth Symposium on
the Transfer and Utilization of Particulate Control
Technology, in New Orleans, LA, February 25-28,
1986. The symposium, the second of its kind to be
sponsored jointly by EPA and EPRI, was devoted to
discussions of particulate emissions control. Its objec-
tives were to promote the transfer of results of particu-
late control research to potential users of technol-
ogies, and to provide a medium for exchange of ideas
between researchers in the fields of particulate control
development and application. The proceedings con-
tain 84 papers presented by EPA and other federal
and state agency representatives, EPRI staff mem-
bers, representatives of utility companies, equipment
and process suppliers, university representatives, and
research and development companies. Volume 2 of
the Proceedings contains 35 papers on electrostatic
precipitator technology presented in the Hot-Side Pre-
cipitator. Performance Enhancement I and II, Perform-
ance Estimating (Modeling), Advanced Technology,
Fundamentals I and II, Control and Energy Consump-
tion, and Design Considerations Sessions.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, 'Particles,
"Meetings, "Electrostatic precipitators, Technology,
Design, Performance, Fabric filters, Energy consump-
tion.
PB87-147633/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Proceedings: Symposium on the Transfer and Uti-
lization of Particulate Control Technology (6th).
Volume 3,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
H. Rossi. Dec 86,401 p EPA/600/9-86/031 C
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
Also pub. as Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto,
CA. Coal Combustion Systems Div. rept. no. EPRI-CS-
4918-VOL-3. See also PB87-174625. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.,
and Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA. Coal
Combustion Systems Div.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB87-
147609.
Volume 3 of the Proceedings contains 23 papers pre-
sented in the FF: Advanced Concepts I and II. FF:
Practical Considerations, FF: Pilot-Scale Studies, Op-
eration and Maintenance, and Fugitive Emissions Ses-
sions. Seven papers presented at the Symposium
(nos. 3, 37, 41, 50, 51, 55, and 76 in the Symposium
program) were not submitted for publication In the Pro-
ceedings.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Particles,
"Meetings, Operations, Maintenance, Pilot plants,
Electrostatic precipitators, Design, "Fugitive emis-
sions, Fabric filters.
PB87-147963/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Inspection and Maintenance of New Technology
Vehicles In Maryland. Technical rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technical Support Staff.
L. C. Landman. Sep 86,121p EPA/AA/TSS/IM-86/06
The report summarizes an effort to study new technol-
ogy cars. The goal was to recruit and test approximate-
ly 100 late-model year cars which failed the Maryland
Inspection and Maintenance (l/M) program. The goal
was to determine the nature of in-use emission prob-
lems on 1981 and later vehicles which fail l/M short
tests and the types of repairs needed to reduce their
emission levels to near or below the new car stand-
ards.
Keywords: "Motor vehicles, Exhaust emissions, Main-
tenance, Inspection, Standards, 'Emission control,
Emission tests.
PB87-147971/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Results of Plumbtesmo Tailpipe Testing on Ten
Vehicles Mlsfueled with 0.1 gm/gal Leaded Gaso-
line. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technical Support Staff.
E. L. Glover. Sep 86,11 p EPA/AA/TSS/IM-86/07
The report presents the results of a misfueling study
done by Automotive Testing Labs under EPA contract.
The study was performed to evaluate the performance
of Plumbtesmo brand lead sensitive paper in detecting
the presence of lead on vehicle tailpipes after the vehi-
cles were misfueled with 0.10 + 0.02 grams/gal
leaded fuel (low lead fuel). The report also addresses
the concern whether the test paper can still be used in
vehicle Inspection and Maintenance programs to
detect the presence of lead deposits resulting from the
use of the reduced lead content of gasoline.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust pipes,
*Lead(Metal), 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air pollution, Gas-
oline, Concentration(Composition).
PB87-148284/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Formaldehyde and Cancers of the Pharynx, Sinus
and Nasal Cavity. Tape Documentation.
Battelle Washington Operations, DC.
5 Jan 87,71 p EPA/DF/MT-87/014A,, EPA/560/5-
86/040
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
For system on magnetic tape, see PB87-148292.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Pesticides and Toxic Sub-
stances.
The tape contains eight files of data collected for an
EPA-sponsored case-control study of nasal and pha-
ryngeal cancer and formaldehyde associations. The
study was conducted by the Fred Hutchinson Cancer
Research Center and is published as 'Formaldehyde
and Cancers of the Pharynx, Sinus, and Nasal Cavity,'
T. L. Vaughan et al. Int. J. Cancer: 38,677-688 (1986).
Keywords: 'Formaldehyde, 'Toxicology, Interviews,
Demography, Exposure, Smoking, Alcohol, Medical
examination, "Malignant neoplasms, 'Cancer, CAS
50-00-0, 'Pharynx, 'Sinus, "Nasal cavity.
PB87-148292/HSU	CP T04
Formaldehyde and Cancers of the Pharynx, Slnu*
and Nasal Cavity. Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
E. Margosches, T. Berner, and J. Hochstedler. 5 Jan
87, magtape EPA/560/5-86/040, EPA/DF/MT-87/
014
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products if you have questions. Price
includes documentation, PB87-148284.
The tape contains eight files (listed below) of data col-
lected for an EPA-sponsored case-control study of
nasal and pharyngeal cancer and formaldehyde asso-
ciations. The study was conducted by the Fred Hutch-
inson Cancer Research Center between December,
1982 and February, 1986 through a subcontract from
Science Applications International Corporation. The
study attempted to include all incident cases of cancer
of the nasal cavity and sinus occurring between 1/1/
79 - 12/31/83, and cancer of the pharynx occurring
between 1/1/80 - 12/31/83. The study population In-
cluded residents of 13 counties in western Washington
who were between the ages of 20-74 at the time of di-
agnosis. The study data were collected through inter-
views, and include information on the demographic,
chemical exposure, smoking, alcohol, and medical his-
tories of the persons interviewed. Data Files: NASDB1
General interview data, including medical history, to-
bacco use, occupation, alcohol history, and back-
ground information. NASDBC Chemical exposure
data. NASDBF Diet data. NASDBO Occupation data.
NASDBR Residence data. NASCSS Cancer registry
data. IDNUM List of numbers identifying the cases and
controls analyzed for the study. FORMOCC Formalde-
hyde exposure - job linkage system data.
Keywords: "Data file, "Formaldehyde, 'Toxicology,
Magnetic tapes, Interviews, Demography, Exposure,
Smoking, Alcohol, Medical examination, 'Malignant
neoplasms, "Cancer, CAS 50-00-0, 'Pharynx, 'Sinus,
'Nasal cavity.
PB87-148706/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Analysis for Polychlorinated Dlbenzo-p-Dloxlns
(PCDD) and Dibenzofurans (PCDF) In Human Adi-
pose Tissue: Method Evaluation Study. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
J. S. Stanley, R. E. Ayling, K. M. Bauer, M. J. McGrath,
and T. M. Sack. 17 Sep 86,149p
Contracts EPA-68-02-3938, EPA-68-02-4252
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Toxic Substances.
The report focuses on the evaluation of an HRGC/MS
analytical method for determination of 2,3,7,8-substi-
tuted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxlns (PCDD) and
dibenzofurans (PCDF) in human adipose tissue. This
method will be used for analysis of samples from
EPA's National Human Adipose Tissue Survey
(NHATS) as part of a collaborative effort between
EPA's Office of Toxic Substances and the Veterans
Administration. The method was evaluated using ali-
quot* of a bulk lipid matrix that was extracted from
human adipose tissue. The results of the replicate
analysis of spiked and unspiked homogenized human
adipose tissue matrix demonstrate that the analytical
method produces accurate and precise data for 17
specific 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD and PCDF (tetra-
through octachlorohomologs) congeners. The endog-
enous or background levels of the PCDD and PCDF
congeners in the homogenized adipose lipid matrix
were estimated through regression analyses of meas-
ured versus spiked concentrations for each com-
pound. This unspiked matrix will be used as a control
sample with each batch of samples analyzed.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, "Humans,
Concentration(Composition),	T ables(Data),
Graphs(Charts), "Toxic substances, 'Polychlorinated
dibenzodioxins, 'Polychlorinated dibenzofurans, 'Adi-
pose tissues.
PB87-150959/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors.
Volume 1. Stationary Point and Area Sources,
Fourth Edition. Supplement A,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
W. M. Joyner. Oct 86,469p* AP-42-SUPPL-A
See also Volume 1, PB86-124906.
In the supplement to the Fourth Edition of AP-42, new
or revised emissions data are presented for bitumi-
nous and subbituminous coal combustion; Anthracite
coal combustion: Fuel oil combustion; Natural gas
combustion; Wood waste combustion in boilers; Lig-
nite combustion; Sodium carbonate; Primary aluminum
production; Coke production; Primary copper smelting;
Ferroalloy production; Iron and steel production; Pn-
mary lead smelting; Zinc smelting; Secondary alumi-
num operations; Gray iron foundnes; Secondary lead
smelting; Asphaltic concrete plants; Bricks and related
clay products; Portland cement manufacturing; Con-
crete batching; Glass manufacturing; Lime manufac-
turing; Construction aggregate processing; Taconite
ore processing; Western surface coal mining; Chemi-
cal wood pulping; Appendix C.1, 'Particle size distribu-
tion data and sized emission factors for selected
sources'; and Appendix C.2, 'Generalized particle size
distributions'.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Industrial wastes, Exhaust
emissions, Combustion products, Wood products,
Chemical industry, Petroleum industry, 'Emission fac-
tors, 'Stationary sources, 'Point sources, Open burn-
ing.
PB87-151064/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Permit Applicants' Guidance Manual for the Gen-
eral Facility Standards of 40 CFR 264,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
B. J. Bosy, S. Capone, C. W. Young, N. H. Krusell, and
J. P. Patinskas. Oct 83,301 p EPA/530/SW-83/968
Contract EPA-68-02-3168
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, DC. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Re-
sponse.
The manual is intended for use by owners and opera-
tors of existing and new hazardous waste manage-
ment facilities who are required to submit Part B of
their permit application to illustrate compliance with
the standards of 40 CFR 264. This document address-
es the general information and requirement contained
in 40 CFR 270 and 264.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Manuals, Guid-
ance, Standards, Regulation, 'Waste disposal facili-
ties, 'Waste management.
PB87-151072/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Minimum Technology Guidance on Double Uner
Systems for Landfill* and Surface Impoundments
- Design, Construction and Operation. (Second
Version). Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
24 May 85,83p* EPA/530/SW-85/014
The guidance document is intended to provide guid-
ance on design in addition to the design set out in sec-
tion 3004(o)(5)(b) that the Agency believes meet the
requirements Of sections 3004(o) and 3015 of HSWA
and are protective of human and the environment. The
document identifies two such double liner systems.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Lining, Guidance, Design, Op-
erations, Construction, Composite materials, 'Surface
impoundments, 'Landfills, Leaching.
PB87-152054/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Solid Waste Leaching Procedure Manual: Draft
Technical Resource Document for Public Com-
ment,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
B. C. Garrett, D. R. Jackson, W. E. Schwartz, and J. S.
Warner. Mar 84,63p EPA/530/SW-84/924
Contract EPA-68-03-2970
Sponsored by Municipal Environmental Research
Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
The manual is a technical guide on one method for
providing data on the quality of Leachate from Solid
Waste, ft describes a Batch Leaching procedure for
use in the laboratoiy with various kinds of waste to pre-
dict the composition of Leachate from that waste
under field conditions. Methods, equipment, and
sources of error are discussed along with suggestions
for interpreting the data. The method has not been
verified by comparison with field data on leachate
composition.
Keywords:	Guidelines,	Manuals,
Concentration(Composition), Quality control, Sam-
pling, 'Solid wastes, "Leachates, Procedures, Leach-
ing.
PB87-152088/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality^Planning and Standards.
Generalized Particle Size Distributions for Use In
Preparing Size Specific Particulate Emission In-
ventories,
PEI Associates, Inc., Golden, CO.
K. D. Rosbury. Jul 86, 58p EPA/450/4-86/013
Contract EPA-68-02-3512
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The accumulation of particle size data is intended to
be of use to State and local air pollution control agen-
cies in the development of emission inventories. In
light of a proposed National Ambient Air Quality Stand-
ard for particulate, this document is expected to be of
help in the ensuing work on State Implementation
Plans.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Particle size distribu-
tion, Emission, State government, Local government,
Standards, 'Air quality, 'Particulates.
PB87-1S2112/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Waste Analysis Plans: A Guidance Manual,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. Deerhake, and G. Kingsbury. 1 Dec 84,183p EPA/
530/SW-84/012
Contract EPA-68-03-3149
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The purpose of the manual is to provide guidance to
both permit applicants and reviewers/writers on how
to prepare and evaluate waste analysis plans. By fol-
lowing the guidance in the document, a permit appli-
cant should be able to develop a waste analysis plan
that satisfies the intent of the regulations and that can
be reviewed easily by permitting official.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, Regulations, Manuals,
Guidance, Waste disposal, Incineration, 'Solid waste
disposal, 'Waste management, Surface impound-
ment.
PB87-152120/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstratlon of Pesticide
Products Containing Ethyl Parathion as the Active
ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
15 Dec 86,340p EPA/540/RS-87/134
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how the reg-
ister under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, Ecology,
Manufacturing, Toxicology, Insecticides, "Reregistra-
tion, "Toxic substances, Parathion, Path of pollutants,
Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act,
Phosphorothioic acid/diethyl-(nitrophenyl-ester), CAS
56-38-2.
PB87-152146/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Sampling for Organic Compounds,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
J. B. Clements, and R. G. Lewis. Jan 87,18p EPA/
600/D-87/052
The methods of sampling ambient air for organic com-
pounds for subsequent analysis are discussed. The
following methods of sample collection are presented
and the advantages and disadvantages of each is
given: concentration of component of interest on to
solid sorbents, into liquid sorbents or on to filter-sor-
bent combinations; cryogenic concentration; derivati-
zation of the component of interest; integrated sam-
pling into containers such as canisters and bags; and
direct analysis. Sampling problems of breakthrough of
component of interest, formation of artifacts during
sampling, and interferences from water collected from
air during sampling are also discussed. The relative ad-
vantages of integrated sampling into containers versus
concentrating on to sorbents and/or filters are pre-
sented.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, Sorbents,
Concentration(Composition), Precision, Vapor pres-
sure, Polarity, *Air pollution sampling, Air sampling.
PB87-152179/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Guidance on Implementation of the Minimum
Technological Requirements of HSWA (Hazard-
ous and Solid Waste Amendments) of 1984, Re-
specting Liners and Leachate Collection Systems.
Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
24 May 84,31 p EPA/530/SW-85/012
The purpose of the document, and the associated
technical guidance documents, is to provide further in-
terpretation of the minimum technological require-
ments found in section 3004(0) and 3015 of the new
statute as they relate to liners and leachate collection
systems.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, "Linings, 'Earth fills,
Guidance, Waste disposal, "Land disposal, "Hazard-
ous wastes, 'Leachate collection systems.
PB87-152187/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Permit Guidance Manual on Unsaturated Zone
Monitoring for Hazardous Waste Land Treatment
Units. Draft for Public Comment,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L. G. Everett, and L. G. Wilson. Dec 84,145p EPA/
530/SW-84/016
The manual provides guidance on unsaturated zone
monitoring at hazardous waste land treatment units for
use by permit applicants and permit writers in develop-
ing effective monitoring systems to comply with the
Part 264, Subpart M regulations. The manual covers
both soil care and soil pore-liquid monitoring, and ad-
dresses equipment selection, installation, and oper-
ation, sample procedures, chain of custody consider-
ations, and data evaluation. The installation and
sample procedures are presented in a step-by-step
format so that the manual may be more readily used by
field personnel.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, Manuals, Degrada-
tion Public health, Sites, Licenses, Soil properties, Re-
quirements, Guidance, 'Environmental monitoring,
'Land applications, Hazardous wastes.
PB87-152328/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Handbook on Treatment of Hazardous Waste
Leachate. Final rept. Jun 86-Jan 87,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
J. L. McArdle, M. M. Arozarena, and W. E. Gallagher.
Feb 87,135p* EPA/600/8-87/006
Contract EPA-68-03-3248
Prepared in cooperation with PEI Associates, Inc., Cin-
cinnati, OH. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineer-
ing Research Lab.
Various treatment processes were evaluated for their
applicability and effectiveness in treating leachate
from hazardous waste land disposal facilities. These
technologies include activated sludge treatment, air
stripping, carbon adsorption, flow equalization, granu-
lar media filtration, ion exchange, neutralization, oxida-
tion/reduction, powdered activated carbon treatment,
precipitation/flocculation, reverse osmosis, rotating bi-
ological contactor, sedimentation, sequencing batch
reactor, steam stripping, trickling filter, ultrafiltration,
and wet-air oxidation. Information is also given on the
formation and composition of leachate, treatability of
leachate constituents, and treatment process train se-
lection.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Industrial waste
treatment, "Earth fills,	Manuals,
Concentration(Composition), Sludge disposal, Activat-
ed sludge process, Activated carbon treatment, Trick-
ling filters, Filtration, "Leachates, "Land disposal, Haz-
ardous wastes, Reverse osmosis.
PB87-152336/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Ammonia Emission Factors for the NAPAP (Na-
tional Acid Precipitation Assessment Program)
Emission Inventory. Final rept. Jan 85-Dec 86,
Alliance Technologies Corp., Chapel Hill, NC.
D. C. Misenheimer, T. E. Warn, and S. Zelmanowitz.
Jan 87,63p EPA/600/7-87/001
Contract EPA-68-02-3168
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report provides information on certain sources of
ammonia emissions to the atmosphere for use in the
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
(NAPAP) emission inventories. Major anthropogenic
sources of ammonia emissions to the atmosphere are
identified, and emission factors for these sources are
presented based on a review of the most recent data
available. The emission factors developed are used to
estimate nationwide emissions for base year 1980 and
are compared to ammonia emission factors used in
other emission inventories. Major anthropogenic
source categories covered are cropland spreading of
livestock wastes, beef cattle feedlots, fertilizer manu-
facture and use, fuel combustion, ammonia synthesis,
petroleum refineries, and coke manufacture. Approxi-
mately 840,000 tons of ammonia is estimated to have
been emitted in the U.S. in 1980; over 64% of which is
estimated to have been from livestock wastes.
Keywords: 'Ammonia, 'Air pollution control. Acidifica-
tion, Sources, Livestock, Fertilizers, Refineries, "Emis-
sion factors, Stationary sources, NAPAP program.
PB87-152377/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
National Surface Water Survey: Stream Survey
(Pilot, Middle-Atlantic Phase 1, Southeast Screen-
ing, and Middle-Atlantic Episode Pilot). Analytical
methods manual,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
D. C. Hillman, S. H. Pia, and S. J. Simon. Jan 87,234p
EPA/600/8-87/005
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
See also PB86-232584. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The National Surface Water Survey (NSWS) of the Na-
tional Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
(NAPAP) is a three-phase project to evaluate the cur-
rent water chemistry of lakes and streams, determine
the status of fisheries and or = 99.99% DRE) and
TSCA ( > or = 99.9999% DRE) requirements.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Waste treatment
"Air pollution control equipment, Waste disposal'
Carbon tetrachloride, Performance, Air pollution!
* Plasma pyrolysis, Polychlorinated biphenyls.
PB87-152500/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Fundamental Studies of Calcium-Based Sorbents
for S02 Control from Coal-Fired Boilers. Final rept.
Oct 83-Sep 84,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
J. A. Cole, J. C. Kramlich, G. S. Samuelsen, W. R.
Seeker, and G. D. Silcox. Jan 87,218p EPA/600/7-
87/002
Contract EPA-68-02-3633
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of laboratory-scale controlled-
temperature experiments, studying aspects of S02
capture by calcium-based sorbents in a flame/gas en-
vironment. Experimental parameters were sorbent
type, temperature, residence time, and effects of min-
eral additives (promoters) on sorbent reactivity. The
data revealed that isothermal capture is greatest at
1000 C, above which sintering of the sorbent can
occur which reduces sorbent utilization. The results
suggest that (at ideal sulfation conditions-1000 C, iso-
thermal residence times greater than 1 sec, no deacti-
vation of the sorbent by coal ash minerals) the best
calcium utilizations achievable would be about 25-30%
with the raw limestone tested (Vicron 45-3), about 30-
35% with the raw dolomite tested, and about 40% with
both precalcined dolomite (precalcined to a surface
area of 60 sq m/a) and pressure-slaked dolomitic lime.
Adding Cr203, alkali metal salts, and other promoters
increased limestone use.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, "Sulfur dioxide, 'Sor-
bents, Absorbers(Materials), Boilers, Calcium oxides,
Calcium carbonates, Pilot plants, *Coal fired boilers,
'Stationary sources.
PB87-152518/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Pretreatment of Hazardous Waste,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
E. T. Oppelt. Jan 87, 98p EPA/600/D-87/047
The report describes the waste applicability and per-
formance characteristics of hazardous waste pretreat-
ment processes. Pretreatment processes are those
unit operations which must often be carried out on haz-
ardous wastes to make them amenable to subsequent
materials or energy recovery steps, to chemical or bio-
logical detoxification, thermal destruction or safe land
disposal. The pretreatment processes covered are pri-
marily phase separation (floatation, filtration, distilla-
tion, etc.) and component separation (adsorption,
stripping, solvent extraction, etc.) techniques. Methods
for selecting the appropriate pretreatment process are
provided as a function of waste characteristics, treat-
ment objective, technical adequacy, performance, and
cost and energy considerations. Detailed summaries
are provided for the various techniques along with rele-
vant performance data.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, Slurries, Sludge, 'Pre-
treatment, "Hazardous wastes, Volatile organic com-
pounds, Alternative technology.
PB87-152542/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Behavioral and Morphological Changes In Fat-
head Minnow ('Pimephales promelas') as Diagnos-
tic Endpolnts for Screening Chemicals According
to Mode of Action. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
r A. Drummond, C. L. Russom, D. L. Geiger, and D. L.
DeFoe. c1986,23p EPA/600/D-87/051
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology and Environmental Fate
(ASTM STP 921), v9 p415-435 1986. See also PB85-
212397. Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Univ.-
Superior. Center for Lake Superior Environmental
Studies.
Acute (96-h) toxicity tests were conducted using 30-
day old fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). A
total of 139 chemicals were tested under flow-through
conditions at a temperature of 25 plus or minus 1.0
degs C using Lake Superior water. A checklist was de-
veloped for systematically recording visual observa-
tions of behavioral and morphological changes. The
checklist contained 40 different code items represent-
ing 10 general categories such as locomotor activity,
morphological anomalies, etc. Loss of schooling be-
havior appeared to be the most sensitive indicator of
general stress and was observed with 96% of the
tested chemicals. Although deviate changes in behav-
ior were found to be sensitive indicators of stress, they
cannot be used solely to classify chemicals according
to mode of action. Gross morphological changes are
equally important. Development of a model, based on
combinations of behavioral and morphological data,
appears possible for screening and differentiating
chemicals according to toxic action.
Keywords: 'Minnows, "Animal behavior, 'Morphology,
'Chemical compounds, "Toxicity, Classifications, Bio-
assay, Stress(Physiology), Indicator species, Tests,
Narcosis, Damage, Reprints, Pimephales promelas.
PB87-152559/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Biological Phosphorus Removal: A Technology
Evaluation (Journal Version),
Brown and Caldwell, Pleasant Hill, CA.
M. J. Tetreault, A. H. Benedict, C. Kaempfer, and E. F.
Barth. C1986,17p EPA/600/J-86/198
Contract EPA-68-03-1818
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Pollution Control Federation, v58
n8 p823-837 Aug 86. See also PB86-126752, and
PB86-183274. Prepared in cooperation with Lee
(Robert E.) and Associates, Inc., Green Bay, Wl., and
Barth Tec, Inc., Cincinnati, OH. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. water Engi-
neering Research Lab.
Field investigations at four full-scale biological phos-
phorus removal plants (two mainstream operationally
modified activated sludge and two sidestream PhoS-
trip plants) evaluated design, operation, and perform-
ance. Process-operating conditions, achievable efflu-
ent phosphorus concentrations, nitrification effects,
and impacts from solids handling operations were de-
fined. The processes achieved less than 1 mg/L efflu-
ent total phosphorus without tertiary treatment, even
under nitrifying conditions. Both suspended and solu-
ble phosphorus forms were removed. BOD5 and TSS
were removed to advanced treatment levels. Influent
BOD5:P, anaerobic contact period, aerobic phospho-
rus uptake, and solids handling affected performance.
The mainstream processes performed well with influ-
ent BOD5:Total P greater than 20; the PhoStrip proc-
ess operated effectively at lower ratios because of si-
destream chemical phosphorus removal.
Keywords: "Phosphorus, "Activated sludge process,
'Sewage treatment, Anaerobic processes, Biomass,
Reprints, "PhoStrip process.
PB87-152567/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Ground ULV (Ultra-Low Volume) Appli-
cations of Fsnthlon on Estuarine Biota. 1. Study
Design and Implementation. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
J. R. Clark, D. P. Middaugh, M. J. Hemmer, B. W.
Clements, and J. C. Dukes. C1985,14p EPA/600/J-
85/464, CONTRIB-523A
Pub. in Jnl. of the Florida Anti-Mosquito Association,
v56 n2 P51-62 1985. See also PB87-152773. Prepared
in cooperation with Florida State Dept. of Health and
Rehabilitative Services, Panama City. West Florida Ar-
thropod Research Lab.
On the evenings of 5 May, 10 May, 13 June and 11
July, 1983, truckmounted ULV equipment was used to
apply fenthion at a rate of 11 g/ha to control adult salt
marsh mosquitoes at two sites. Meterological condi-
tions at the time of spray, spray droplet density, and
droplet VMD were monitored. Mortality of caged
Aedes taeniorhynchus and Culex quinquefasciatus
was measured to evaluate spray effectiveness. When
appropriate conditions prevailed, 100% mortality was
achieved among caged mosquitoes placed up to 150
m from the spray source.
Keywords: 'Culcidae, "Pest control, 'Estuaries, Phos-
phorus organic compounds, Field tests, Trucks,
Sprays, Effectiveness, Mortality, Pine trees, Fishes,
Toxicity, Aquatic animals, Reprints, "Fenthion, Aedes,
Culex, Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB87-15257S/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Institut Fotosinteza, Pushchino (USSR).
Microbial Degradation of Propanll In Aquatic Sys-
tems. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
W. C. Steen, G. K. Vasilyeva, and N. D. Anan'eva.
C1986,9p EPA/600/J-86/199
Pub. in Chemosphere, v15 n7 p917-922 Jul 86. Spon-
sored by Institut Fotosinteza, Pushchino (USSR).
Second-order microbial degradation rate constants
were developed for the herbicide propanil in lake and
water samples from the Union of Soviet Socialist Re-
publics. Variations in calculated second-order rate
constants were attributed to differences in bacterial
counting methods used. Rate constants determined
for propanil transformation in waters investigated in
the USSR were similar to those estimated for natural
water systems throughout the United States.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, Aquatic biology, Herbi-
cides, Reprints, 'Microbial degradation, Propanil,
Rate constants, USSR.
PB87-152583/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Use of Coupled Columns for the Capillary Gas
Chromatographic Separation of Water Pollutants.
Journal article,
Florida International Univ., Miami. Drinking Water Re-
search Center.
M. F. Mehran, W. J. Cooper, and W. Jennings. c1984,
6p EPA/600/J-84/389
Pub. in Jnl. of High Resolution Chromatography and
Chromatography Communications, v7 n4 p215-217
Apr 84. Prepared in cooperation with California Univ.,
Davis. Dept. of Food Science and Technology. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati,
OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Among the synthetic organic chemicals being found in
both surface and groundwater are priority pollutants
and other synthetic organic chemicals being consid-
ered for inclusion in the revised primary drinking water
regulations. Methods employing gas chromatography
have been developed to analyze some of these com-
pounds. The paper discusses the coupling of dissimilar
fused silica capillary columns to achieve rapid separa-
tion of 18 volatile halogenated organic compounds.
Keywords: 'Chromatographic analysis, 'Potable
water, Gas chromatography, Chemical analysis, Reso-
lution, Reprints, "Priority pollutants, Water pollution
detection, Volatile organic compounds.
PB87-152591/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Effect of Bromide Ion in Water Treatment. 2. A
Literature Review of Ozone and Bromide ion
Interactions and the Formation of Organic Bro-
mine Compounds. Journal article,
Florida International Univ., Miami. Drinking Water Re-
search Contsr.
W. J. Cooper, R. G. Zika, and M. S. Steinhauer. C1985,
15p EPA/600/J-85/465
Pub. in Ozone Science and Engineering, v7 n4 p313-
325 Oct 85. Prepared in cooperation with Rosenstiel
School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami,
FL. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Where bromide ion is found in water used as a source
of drinking water, and chlorination is used for disinfec-
tion, bromide ion is oxidized to bromine and can result
in the formation of organic bromine compounds. There
are presently no treatment techniques available for
economic removal of bromide ion. A potential treat-
ment strategy is to use an alternative oxidant; ozone is
one such alternative. The review presents the reaction
of ozone and bromide ion. Understanding of these re-
actions leads to possible treatment strategies when
ozone is used, in the presence of bromide ion, to mini-
mize the formation of trihalomethanes.
Keywords: "Water pollution, Bromine organic com-
pounds, Ozone, Chemical reactions, Reprints, 'Bro-
mide ions, 'Chemical removal(Water treatment).
PB87-152609/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Aerobic Metabolism of Trlchloroethylene by a
Bacterial Isolate. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
M. J. K. Nelson, S. O. Montgomery, E. J. O'Neill, and P.
H. Pritchard. C1986, 5p EPA/600/J-86/193,
CONTRIB-572
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v52
n2 p383-384 Aug 86. Prepared in cooperation with
Technology Applications, Inc., Gulf Breeze, FL.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
A number of soil and water samples were screened for
the biological capacity to metabolize tnchloroethylene.
One water sample was found to contain this capacity,
and a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium which ap-
peared to be responsible for the metabolic activity was
isolated from the sample. The isolate degraded trich-
loroethylene to C02 and unidentified, nonvolatile prod-
ucts. Oxygen and water from the original site of isola-
tion were required for degradation. (Copyright (c) 1986,
American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Aerobic processes, 'Metabolism,
Concentration(Composition), Water pollution, Potable
water, Microbiology, Soils, Reprints, 'Ethylene/trich-
loro, 'Microbial degradation, Volatile organic com-
pounds.
PB87-152617/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Bacterial Inhibitors In Lake Water. Journal article,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. Lab. of Soil Microbiology.
T. M. Klein, and M. Alexander. c1986,7p EPA/600/J-
86/195
Pub. in Applied Environmental Microbiology, v52 n1
p114-118 Jul 86. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
The populations of six bacterial genera fell rapidly after
their addition to sterile lake water but not after their ad-
dition to buffer. The decline in numbers of two species
that were studied further, Klebsiella pneumoniae and
Micrococcus flavus, occurred even when the buffer
was added to sterile lake water. The inhibition of K.
pneumoniae by substances in lake water varied with
the season of the year, and the rate and extent of de-
cline of both species were different in sterile samples
of different lakes. The extent of reduction in the densi-
ty of K. pneumoniae was independent of initial popula-
tion size and was diminished by the addition of 10 mi-
crograms of glucose per ml of lake water. The toxin
was removed from lake water by dialysis and by a
cation-exchange resin but not by an anion-exchange
resin, and it was destroyed by heating. (Copyright (c)
1986, American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Bacteria, 'Inhibitors, 'Lakes, 'Water pol-
lution, Klebsiella, Micrococcus, Buffers, Glucose,
Toxins and antitoxins, Dialysis, pH, Heating, Cation ex-
changing, Resins, Reprints.
PB87-152625/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Chitinase Determinants of 'Vibrio vulnificus':
Gene Cloning and Applications of a Chltlnase
Probe. Journal article,
Maryland Univ., College Park. Dept. of Microbiology.
A. T. Wortman, C. C. Somerville, and R. R. Colwell.
C1986, 6p EPA/600/J-86/196
Pub. in Applied Environmental Microbiology, v52 n1
p142-145. Sponsored by Environmental Research
Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
To initiate study of the genetic control of chitinolytic ac-
tivity in vibrios, the chitobiase gene was isolated by
cloning chromosomal DNA prepared from Vibrio vulni-
ficus. Chimeric plasmids were constructed from Sau3A
I partial digests of chromosomal DNA by ligating 5 to
15-Kilobase fragments into the BamHI site, i.e., in the
Tc(sub r) gene, of pBR322 Am(sup r)Tc(sub r). The re-
sulting plasmids were transformed into Escherichia
coli DH1. Chitobiase activity of the insert-bearing
clones was detected by using a chromogenic sub-
strate, p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl beta, D-glucosaminide,
and confirmed by the appearance of a fluorescent end
Croduct from the hydrolysis of 4-methylumbelliferyl-
eta, D-N-N'-diacetylchitiobiose. Physical mapping of
plasmids containing the chitinase determinants indi-
cate that transcription of these genes in E. coli may be
initiated at a V. vulnificus promoter.
Keywords: 'Genetics, Substrates, Genes, Chromo-
somes, Reprints, 'Chitinase, Activity(Biology), Vibrio
vulnificus.
PB87-152633/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Health Risks Associated with Wastewater Irriga-
tion: An Epidemiological Study. Journal article,
Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem (Israel). Envi-
ronmental Health Lab.
B Fattal, Y. Wax, M. Davies, and H. I. Shuvai. C1986,
5p EPA/600/J-86/197
Grant EPA-R-805174
Pub. in American Jnl. of Public Health, v76 n8 p977-
979 Aug 86. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
An analysis of morbidity was made in 11 kibbutzim (co-
operative agricultural settlements), with a total popula-
tion of 3,040, that had switched from nonwastewater
to wastewater sprinkler irrigation or vice versa. Gener-
ally, partially treated stabilization pond effluent of poor
microbial quality was used for irrigation. Vegetables or
salad crops were not irrigated with effluent. The results
showed that a seasonal, twofold, excess risk of 'enter-
ic' disease was found in the 0 to 4 year-old age group
during the summer irrigation months in those years in
which wastewater was used for irrigation, compared
with the parallel summer months of nonwastewater irri-
gation years in the same kibbutz. (Copyright (c) 1986
American Journal of Public Health.)
Keywords: 'Public health, 'Irrigation, Risk, Popula-
tions, Microorganisms, Vegetables, Enterohacteria-
cerae, Summer, Waste water, Reprints.
PB87-152641/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Sampling Considerations for Particles and Semi-
volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Environ-
ments,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
C. E. Rodes. Jan 87,17p EPA/600/D-87/053
Potential problem areas that can be encountered
when sampling particles or SVOC's indoors are dis-
cussed. Emphasis is placed on careful definition of
study objectives and defining the needed data quality.
Specific areas covered are precision, accuracy, obtru-
siveness, utility outdoors, particle size distribution and
filter substrates. Tables are provided on the amount of
particles and selected semivolatiles that must be col-
lected for subsequent analyses.
Keywords: Particle size, Concentration(Composition),
Precision, Accuracy, 'Indoor air pollution, 'Particu-
lates, 'Volatile organic compounds, "Air sampling.
PB87-152765/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Fate of Environmental Pollutants. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
P. H. Pritchard. 1986,14p EPA/600/J-86/194
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Pollution Control Fed., v58 n6
p635-645 Jun 86.
Published literature on the environmental fate of pol-
lutants published during 1984 are reviewed. Short ex-
cerpts are presented from each reference covering
such areas as photolysis, biodegradation, hydralysis,
sorption, and volatility for pollutants including pesti-
cides, hydrocarbons, heavy metals, polynuclear hydro-
carbons, and other toxic organic chemicals.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, Pesticides, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Sorption, Aromatic polycyclic hy-
drocarbons, Organic compounds, Biodeterioration,
'Environmental fate, 'Pollutants, 'Path of oollutants,
Toxic substances, Heavy metals.
PB87-152773/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Ground ULV (Ultra-Low Volume) Appli-
cations of Fenthion on Estuarine Biota. 2. Analyti-
cal Methods and Results. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
J. C. Moore, E. M. Lores, J. R. Clark, P. Moody, and J.
Knight. 1985,10p EPA/600/J-85/461, CONTRIB-
523B
Pub. in Jnl. of the Florida Anti-Mosquito Association,
v56 n2 p62-68 1985. See also PB87-152781.
Methods of analyses were validated for quantitating
fenthion residues in samples from two salt marsh sites
subjected to ground ultra-low volume sprays. Concen-
trations of these residues were followed from the
water's surface, through the water column and onto
the sediment. For all sprays, the highest concentra-
tion, detected in the upper portion of the water column,
was 0.48 microgram/l and occurred within the first
hour after spraying. Fenthion did not accumulate to a
detectable level (0.010 microgram/g) in tissues of
caged shrimp or fish.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus organic compounds, 'Pesti-
cides, 'Marshes, Chemical analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Sprays, Water, Sedi-
ments, Shrimps, Fishes, Tissues(Biology), Reprints,
'Pesticide residues, 'Fenthion, Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB87-152781/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Ground ULV (Ultra-Low Volume) Appli-
cations of Fenthion on Estuarine Biota. 3. Re-
sponse of Caged Pink Shrimp and Grass Shrimp.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
P. W. Borthwick, and R. S. Stanley. 1985,6p EPA/
600/J-85/463, CONTRIB-523C
Pub. in Jnl. of the Florida Anti-Mosquito Association
v56 n2 P69-72 1985. See also PB87-152799.
Estuarine grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) and pink
shrimp (Penaeus duorarum) were deployed in floating
cages to determine if fenthion, in an actual-use appli-
cation in the field, affected shrimp survival. After four
ultra-low-volume ground applications (equivalent to
llg/ha or 0.01 lb/acre) to control salt marsh mosqui-
toes, deaths of caged grass shrimp or pink shrimp
were not attributed to fenthion exposure. Suspect
causes of reduced survival of shrimp include both low
salinity and dissolved oxygen, daily excursions in water
temperature, and stresses due to handling, acclima-
tion, and confinement.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus organic compounds,
"Shrimps, 'Estuaries, "Pest control, Survival, Culci-
dae, Marshes, Mortality, Salinity, Oxygen, Dissolved
gases, Stress(Physiology), Reprints, "Fenthion, Pen-
aeus, Palaemonetes, Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB87-1S2799/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Ground ULV (Ultra-Low Volume) Appli-
cations of Fenthion on Estuarine Biota. 4. Lethal
and Sublethal Responses of an Estuarine Mysld.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
C. L. McKenney, E. Matthews, D. A. Lawrence, and M.
A. Shirley. 1985,6p EPA/600/J-85/462, CONTRIB-
523D
Pub. in Jnl. of the Florida Anti-Mosquito Association
v56 n2 p72-75 1985. See also PB87-152807.
Low-level exposure to fenthion, following ground ULV
application of the organsphosphate pesticide, resulted
in increased mortality and sublethal growth retardation
of Mysidopsis bahia. These two processes would
reduce population production of this crustacean, which
serves as an important link in the estuarine food web.
The results of this field study confirm those of earlier
laboratory studies, indicating that short-term measure-
ments of metabolic dysfunction in mysids exposed to
pesticides may be used to predict altered production
rates in mysid populations.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus organic compounds, 'Estu-
aries, "Crustacea, "Pest control, Exposure, Mortality,
Growth, Populations, Field tests, Production, Metabo-
lism, Reprints, 'Fenthion, 'Mysidopsis bahia, Water
pollution effects(Animals).
PB87-1S2807/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Ground ULV (Ultra-Low Volume) Appli-
cations of Fenthion on Estuarine Biota. 6. Re-
sponses of Field and Laboratory Estuarine
Benthlc Communities. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
M. E. Tagatz, and G. R. Plaia. 1985,9p EPA/600/J-
85/460, CONTRIB-523E
Pub. in Jnl. of the Florida Anti-Mosquito Association
v57 n2 p76-81 1985. See also PB87-152799.
The effects of fenthion on macrobenthic animals that
colonized sand-filled boxes at two salt marsh sites
were determined after two field sprayings within 5 days
and in the laboratory after intermittent exposures that
simulated field conditions. ULV ground applications for
adult mosquito control resulted in water concentra-
tions less than 0.68 micrograms fenthion/l at one site
and less than 0.38 micrograms/1 the other site. The av-
erage numbers of individuals and species of animal8
that colonized sand-filled boxes in the laboratory
(during 9 wk by planktonic larvae from continuously
supplied unfiltered seawater) were not significantly af-
fected by two treatments at 1.1 micrograms fenthion/l
or by four treatments at 1.3 micrograms/l. However
the average number of species in communities ex-
posed to two treatments at 11.8 micrograms/l was sig-
nificantly less than that in control communities and
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
those exposed to lower concentrations. Mean abun-
dances of rnollusks, arthropods, and chordates were
substantially but not statistically significantly, lower in
concentration.
Keywords: "Phosphorus organic compounds, "Plank-
ton, "Marshes, "Pest control, Field tests, Culcidae,
Concentration(Composition), Larvae, Exposure, Mol-
lusca, Arthropoda, Reprints, "Fenthion, Water pollu-
tion effects(Animals).
PB87-152815/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Toxicity of Dibutyl Phthalate-Contaminated Sedi-
ment to Laboratory- and Field-Colonized Eatua-
line Benthic Communltie*. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
M. E. Tagatz, G. R. Plaia, and C. H. Deans. 1986,13p
EPA/600/J-86/192
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, V37 p141 -150.
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), one of a large class of alkyl
esters of 1,2-benzene dicarboxylic acid, is used widely
in the United States and other countries as a plasticiz-
er for epoxy and PVC resin. Significant amounts of
DBP commonly occur in the aquatic environment, in-
cluding the sediment (Giam et al. 1078). Its octanol-
water partition coefficient of 5.2 (EPA 1979) indicates
that sorption of DBP by sediment could be substantial
in waters polluted by this chemical. Concentrations as
high as 89 ppb have been reported in sediment sam-
ples from Chesapeake Bay, and up to 15.5 ppm in
those from the Rhine River (Schwartz et al. 1979).
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Phthalates, "Sediments,
"Benthos, "Water pollution, Carboxylic acid esters,
Aquatic animals, Crabs, Shrimps, Exposure, Abun-
dance, Oysters. Responses, Santa Rosa Sound, Field
tests, Mollusca, Concentration(Composition), Sensitiv-
ity, Annelida, Chesapeake Bay. Reprints, Phythalate/
Dimethyl, Crassostrea virginica, Penaeus aztecus.
PB87-153318/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Proceedings: National Workshop on Pesticide
Waste Disposal, Denver, Colorado, January 27-29,
1906. Final rept.
JACA Corp., Fort Washington, PA.
Jan 87,185p EPA/600/9-87/001
Contract EPA-68-03-3252
See also PB86-119898. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste
Engineering Research Lab.
A national workshop on the disposal of pesticide
wastes was held in Denver, Colorado on January 27-
29, 1986. The purpose of this workshop was to work
with government, pesticide user groups, pesticide pro-
ducers, farm organizations, arid academia to define
and offer practical solutions to pesticide users' dispos-
al problems. The publication is a compilation of the
speakers' papers and transcripts of the summary
panels. The following topics are covered: industry's
role in users' waste disposal, on-site demonstration
projects, regulatory update, summary of pesticide re-
search workshop; users' waste minimization/reuse;
users' waste treatment/storage/disposal; and sum-
mary panels on technology, regulations, and applica-
tion of pesticides.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Waste disposal, "Meetings,
Agricultural products, Solid waste disposal, Inciner-
ators, Regulations, "Hazardous wastes, Land dispos-
al, Liquid waste disposal, Denver(Colorado), Physical
treatment, Biological processes, Chemical treatment.
PB87-153581/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria Docu-
ment for Zinc, 1987,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
L. Larson, and J. Hyland. 20 Feb 87,213p* EPA/440/
5-87/003
The document reviews aquatic toxicological effects of
zinc on both fresh and saltwater organisms. The data
which is acceptable is used to derive ambient water
quality criteria to protect the health and uses of both
fresh and saltwater forms. The data is tabularized
within the body of the document, and an extensive bib-
liography is provided.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Zinc, Exposure, Toxic toler-
ances, Water quality, Fresh water biology,
Concentration(Composition), Aquatic biology, Toxicity,
Plants(Botany), "Ambient water quality criteria, "Toxic
substances, "Water pollution effects(Antmals), Maxi-
mum permissible exposure, Environmental health,
Clean Water Acts, Water pollution effects(Plants),
Bioaccumulation.
PB87-153789/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Microbial Degradation of 2,4,S-T and Chlorinated
Dioxins. Environmental research brief,
Illinois Univ. at the Medical Center, Chicago.
A. M. Chakrabarty. Jan 87,4p EPA/600/M-86/025
Grant EPA-R-809666
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The report from the University of Illinois College of
Medicine at Chicago covers three years of research
under a Cooperative Agreement. A pure culture of
Pseudomonas capacia strain AC1100, isolated from a
chemostat enrichment culture experiment, is capable
of growing on 2,4,5-T as its sole source of carbon and
energy. Metabolic pathway studies indicate the activity
of both constitutive and inducible enzymes. In labora-
tory experiments, soil contaminated with 2,4,5-T could
be detoxified by AC 100 treatment, with the titer of
AC1100 rapidly falling to nearly undetectable levels
after the 2,4,5-T was substantially degraded. Exten-
sive homology observed between plasmids points to
the role of plasmid genes in the evolution and spread
of degradative characters against toxic chemical com-
pounds. A 1.3 kilobase pair DNA repeated sequence
was found in strain AC1100. The specificity of this se-
quence to AC1100 suggests that this unique sequence
may be a useful genetic probe of strain AC 1100 and
other novel Pseudomonas strains which are under
consideration for deliberate release to aquatic and ter-
restrial environments.
Keywords: Soils, "Decontamination, Biodeterioration,
Chlorine organic compounds, Microorganisms, Herbi-
cides, Chlorine aromatic compounds, Microbial deg-
radation, *T 2-4-5 herbicide, Pseudomonas cepacia,
Acetic acid/trichlorophenoxy.
PB87-154134/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Summary of Annual Reports on Hazardous Waste
for 1982-1985,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Land Pollution Control.
G. Zak, and H. A. Wright. Dec 86,66p" IEPA/LPC-87/
004
See also report dated Sep 85, PB86-161924.
The report is a product of Illinois' Annual Report re-
quirements for reporting years 1982 through 1985, for
hazardous waste as defined under the Resource Con-
servation Recovery Act (RCRA) and the comparable Il-
linois regulations. Several comprehensive tables are
included: (a) listing by RCRA Hazardous Waste
Number of the volume of waste shipped off-site by Illi-
nois generators and the amount of waste stored, treat-
ed, or disposed by Illinois facilities; (b) listing by RCRA
Hazardous Waste Number of the volume of waste han-
dled on-site and off-site by land treatment sites, land-
fills, incinerators, injection wells, and surface Impound-
ments; (c) listing by Illinois county of the volume of
waste shipped off-site and of the volumes treated,
stored, or disposed by on-site generators and by off-
site facilities; (d) listing by the various states regarding
waste imported into Illinois and exported fromlltinois;
(e) lists of companies who reported handling over 1
million gallons of waste in 1985.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Industrial waste
treatment, "Waste disposal, Storage, Sites, Disposal,
Regulations, Reporting, Illinois, Tables(Data), Land
pollution, "Hazardous wastes, Superfund program.
PB87-1S4480/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Reduction of Total Toxic Organic Discharges and
VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) Emissions
from Paint Stripping Operations Using Plaatic
Media Blasting. Final rept. Jul 85-Sep 86,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Environmental Sys-
tems Div.
C. D. Wolbach, and C. McDonald. Feb 87,106p ER-86-
109/ESD, EPA/600/2-87/014
Contract EPA-68-02-3993
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab., and
Army Toxic and Hazardous Materials Agency, Aber-
deen Proving Ground, MD.
The US. Army Toxic and Hazardous Materials Agency
and the U.S. EPA Water Engineering Research Labo-
ratory cooperated to investigate the feasibility of Plas-
tic Media Blasting (PMB) as a paint removal technique
for aluminum military shelters. The PMB process was
compared in field tests with sandblasting and with
chemical stripping to determine relative cost, effective-
ness, efficiency, and environmental consequence. The
PMB process was judged superior to the chemical
stripping process and marginally better than sand-
blasting based upon the evaluation criteria.
Keywords: "Paint removers, "Environmental surveys,
Military bases, Air pollution, Water pollution, Industrial
wastes, Shelters, Efficiency, 'Plastic media blasting,
Volatile organic compounds.
PB87-154605/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Mountain Communities Wastewater Management:
Guidance Handbook.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Oct 85,131 p* EPA/904/9-85/137
The Mountain Communities Wastewater Management
Guidance Handbook is designed to be a problem solv-
ing tool for local agency officials, staff and consulting
engineers. It presents step-by-step procedures for de-
fining community wastewater needs and developing
appropriate solutions. The process Is based on the
findings of previous study reports which determined
that low technology solutions, including the familiar
septic system, can meet wastewater needs in rural
areas. The major phases of the report Include deter-
mining needs; developing technical, management, and
financial alternatives; evaluating alternatives; and im-
plementing the preferred alternative.
Keywords: "Waste water, "Water quality management,
"Sewage treatment, "Rural areas, Handbooks, Local
government, Decision making, Financing, Septic
tanks, Communities, Capitalized costs, Alternative
planning.
PB87-1S4886/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure
(TCLP), Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act. Subtitle C - Hazardous Waste Management
System Section 3001 identification and Listing of
Hazardous Waste. Rept. for 1980-1986.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
10 Mar 86,82p
The document provides data and detailed information
on the development and evaluation of a second gen-
eration leaching procedure, known as Toxicity Charac-
teristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). This method is in-
tended to serve as an indicator of waste; if misman-
aged, has the potential to pose a significant hazard to
human health or the Environment due to its ability to
leach significant concentration of Toxic Concentra-
tions.
Keywords: Contaminants, Detection, Waste disposal,
"Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, Waste
management, Leaching, Solid wastes, Liquid wastes.
PB87-154894/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Evaluating Cover System* for Solid and Hazard-
ous Waste (Revised). Final rept. Dec 70-Jul 80,
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS.
R. J. Lutton. Sep 82,69p EPA/530/SW-82/867
Supersedes PB81-166340. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
A critical part of the sequence of designing, construct-
ing, and maintaining an effective cover over solid and
hazardous waste is the evaluation of engineering
plans. Such evaluation is an important function of reg-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ulating agencies, and accompanying documentation
can form one basis for issuing or denying a permit to
the owner/operator of the waste disposal facility. The
manual describes 39 steps in evaluation of plans sub-
mitted for approval. Generally, the evaluator considers
available soils, site conditions, details of cover design,
and post-closure maintenance and contingencies.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, 'Industrial wastes, Soil
chemistry, Designs, Manuals, Topography, Soil ero-
sion, "Impoundments, "Hazardous wastes, "Solid
wastes disposal, "Closures, Coverings, Land disposal,
Toxic substances.
PB87-154902/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Guide to the Disposal of Chemically Stabilized
and Solidified Waste.
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS.
Sep 82,128p EPA/530/SW-82/872
Supersedes PB81-181505. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Stabilition/Solidification of industrial waste is a pre-
treatment process that has been proposed to insure
safe disposal of wastes containing harmful materials.
The manual examines the regulatory considerations,
current and proposed technology, testing procedures
and design of landfills and other options involved in
disposal system using stabilization/solidification of
wastes. A summary of the major physical and chemical
propertier of treated waste is presented. A listing of
major suppliers of stabilization/solidification technolo-
gy and a summary of each process is included.
Keywords: "Industrial waste treatment, "Earthfills,
"Manuals, Regulations, Stabilization, Solidification,
Physical properties, Technology, Cements, Thermo-
plastic resins, Chemical properties, Hazardous materi-
als, "Solid waste disposal, "Toxic substances, "Haz-
ardous wastes, "Liquid waste disposal, Ultimate dis-
posal.
PB87-154910/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Guidance for the Analysis of Refinery Wastes.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
5 Jul 85, 36p
The document describes the analytical constraints im-
posed by waste stream residual samples as contrast-
ed to what can be described an environmental residual
samples. This indicates which procedures to use and
the options which should mitigate these analytical con-
straints.
Keywords: "Industrial wastes, "Petroleum refining,
"Waste disposal, "Chemical analysis, Sampling,
Waste treatment, Regulations, Manuals,
Concentration(Composition), Guidance, Toxic haz-
ards, Environmental monitoring, Procedures.
PB87-154928/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Methods for the Storage and Retrieval of RCRA
(Resource Conservation and Recovery Act)
Ground-Water Monitoring Data on Storet: Users
Manual (Revised).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Oct 85,193p
The manual was written for Environmental Protection
Agency Headquarters State and Regional RCRA of-
fices, advising how to use Storet for storage and re-
trieval of ground water data. Some of the data items in
the manual have been adapted from those found in the
U.S. Geological Survey's Wat store Ground-water site
inventory (GWSI). At the time of printing of the manual,
no final decision had been reached on the possible
means of utilizing GWSI at EPA. Therefore, analogous
parameters for those GWSI items identified as of major
importance by potential RCRA/Storet users have
been or are being made available storet.
Keywords' "Ground water, Monitoring, Data storage,
Manuals, Information retrieval, Education,
Tables(Data).
742 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB87-154936/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Documentation for the Development of Toxicity
and Volume Scores for the Purpose of Scheduling
Hazardous Waste. Technical rept. 1981-85.
ENVIRON Corp., Washington, DC.
2 Mar 85,132p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The report presents the methodology used to sched-
ule, for Land Disposal prohibition determinations, the
waste streams listed in 40 CFR 261 in three statutory
time frames as required by Section 3004 of RCRA. The
waste streams are divided into Tiers based on Toxic
potential and volume disposed, with high volume,
highly toxic wastes scheduled first, and low volume,
less Toxic wastes scheduled last.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Methodology, Evaluation,
Tables(Data), "Toxic hazards, Land disposal, Hazard-
ous wastes, Toxic substances.
PB87-15S0S7/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act)
Final Authorization Guidance Manual.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
10 Jun 83,207p
The document provides guidance regarding final au-
thorization of State Hazardous Waste programs for the
pre-HSWA RCRA program. The manual establishes a
process and schedule for State Authorization applica-
tions, and provides detailed guidance on what State
programs must contain in order to qualify for final au-
thorization. The primary audience is U.S. EPA Head-
quarters and Regional offices and also State agencies,
but public requests have also been received so they
are included in that broad audience.
Keywords: Guidance, Manuals, State government,
Regulations, Standards, "Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act, "Hazardous waste programs, Waste
management.
PB87-15S06S/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act)
Guidance Document Land Treatment. Technical
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
6 Oct 82,72p
The guidance document presents Land Treatment unit
design and operating specifications which Agency be-
lieves comply with Treatment Demonstration Require-
ments (264.273), the unsaturated Zone Monitoring Re-
quirements (264.278) and the Closure and Post-Clo-
sure Requirements (264.280) contained in these regu-
lations.
Keywords: Guidance, Design, Regulations, Operation,
Closures, "Land treatment, "Hazardous wastes, Post
closures, Environmental monitoring, Runoff.
PB87-155123/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 102: Carbon Tetra-
chloride.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 86,5p EPA/540/FS-87/138
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Carbon tetrachloride, Hazard-
ous materials, Chemical properties, Regulations, Toxi-
cology, Ecology, Chlorohydrocarbons, Fumigants, Ag-
ricultural products, "Toxic substances, Path of pollut-
ants, Chemical information fact sheet, Use patterns,
Science findings, CAS 56-23-5.
PB87-155131/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 105: Cryomazina.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 86, 8p EPA/540/FS-87/139
See also PB87-155123.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials. Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology,
Growth regulators, Triazines, Agricultural products, In-
sects, "Toxic substances, "Cyclopropyl triazinetria-
mine, Path of pollutants, Chemical information fact
sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, CAS 66215-27-
PB87-155149/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 106: Metolachlor.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jan 87,11 p EPA/540/FS-87/140
See also PB87-155131.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Her-
bicides, Agricultural products, "Toxic substances,
"Metolachor, Path of pollutants, Chemical information
fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, Acetamide/
chloro-N(ethyl-methylphenyl)-N(methoxy-methylethyl),
CAS 51218-45-2.
PB87-155156/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 107: Heptachlor.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 86,9p EPA/540/FS-87/141
See also PB87-155149.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, In-
secticides, Chlorine organic compounds, Pest control
Termites, Formicidae, "Toxic substances, "Hepta-
chlor, Path of pollutants, Chemical information fact
sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, CAS 76-44-8.
PB87-155164/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 108: Aldrin.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 86,8p EPA/540/FS-87/142
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Aldrin, Hazardous materials,
Chemical properties. Regulations, Toxicology, Ecolo-
gy, Chlorine organic compounds, Insecticides, Agricul-
tural products, 'Toxic substances, Path of pollutants,
Chemical information fact sheet, Use patterns, Sci-
ence findings, CAS 309-00-2.
PB87-155172/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 109: Chlordane.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 86,9p EPA/540/ FS-87 /143
See also PB87-155164.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need lor information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials. Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology,
Chlordane, Insecticides, Insecticides, Agricultural
products, 'Toxic substances, "Chlordane, Path of pol-
lutants, Chemical information fact sheet, Use patterns,
Science findings, CAS 57-47-9.
PB87-155180/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 110: Arsenic Trlox-
ide.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 86,5p EPA/540/FS-87/144
See also PB87-155172.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Ar-
senic oxides, Herbicides, Insecticides, Rodenticides,
"Toxic substances, "Arsenic trioxide, Path of pollut-
ants, Chemical information tact sheet, Use patterns,
Science findings, CAS 1327-53-3.
PB87-155198/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 111: Calcium Arse-
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 86,5p EPA/540/FS-87 /145
See also PB87-155180.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Her-
bicides, Agricultural products, Arsenates, "Toxic sub-
stances. "Calcium arsenate, Path of pollutants. Chemi-
cal information fact sheet, Use patterns, Science find-
ings, Arsenic acid/(calcium-salt), CAS 7778-44-1.
PB87-155206/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 112: Lead Arsenate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 86,6p EPA/540/FS-87/146
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology,
Growth regulators, Insectides, Herbicides, Fungicides,
Agricultural products, Arsenates, "Toxic substances,
"Lead arsenate, Path of pollutants, Chemical informa-
tion fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, CAS
7778-40-9.
PB87-155214/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 113: Sodium Arsen-
ite.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 86,5p EPA/540/FS-87/148
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, In-
secticides, Herbicides, Fungicides, Acarides, Termiti-
cides, Agricultural products, "Toxic substances,
"Sodium metaarsenite, Path of pollutants, Chemical in-
formation fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings,
CAS 77784-46-5.
PB87-155222/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 114: Sodium Arse-
nate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 86,5p EPA/540/FS-87/147
See also PB87-155214.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, For-
micidae, Insecticides, Agricultural products, 'Toxic
substances, "Sodium arsenate, Path of pollutants,
Chemical information fact sheet, Use patterns, Sci-
ence findings, Arsenic acid/(Sodium-salt), CAS 7778-
43-0.
PB87-155230/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 115: AMoxyearb.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
16 Jan 86, 7p EPA/540/FS-87/149
See also PB87-155222.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, In-
secticides, Nematicides, Agricultural products, Carba-
mates, "Toxic substances, "Aldoxycarb, Path of pollut-
ants, Chemical information fact sheet, Use patterns,
Science findings, CAS 1646-88-4.
PB87-155248/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 116: Parathion.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 86,10p EPA/540/FS-87/150
See also PB67-155230.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Or-
ganic phosphates, Insecticides, Agricultural products,
'Toxic substances, "Parathion, Path of pollutants,
Chemical information fact sheet, Use patterns, Sci-
ence findings, Phosphorothioic acid/diethyl-(nitro-
phenyl-ester), CAS 56-38-2.
PB87-155255/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 117: Methyl Parath-
ion.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 86,11p EPA/540/FS-87/151
See also PB87-155248.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, In-
secticides, Agricultural products, Organic phosphates,
"Toxic substances, "Methyl parathion. Path of pollut-
ants, Chemical information fact sheet, Use patterns,
Science findings, Phosphorothioic acid/dimethyl-(ni-
trophenyl-ester), CAS 298-00-0.
PB87-15S420/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD.
Conference on Medical Screening and Biological
Monitoring for the Effects of Exposure In the
Workplace, July 1984, Part 1.
National Inst, for Occupational Safety and Health, Cin-
cinnati, OH.
C1986,270p
Contract PHS-NIOSH-211-86-0005
Also pub. as Jnl. of Occupational Medicine, v28 n8 Aug
86. See also Part 2, PB87-155438, and report dated
1984, PB86-242641 .Color illustrations reproduced in
black and white. Sponsored by National Cancer Inst.,
Bethesda, MD., and Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.
Papers on biological monitoring and medical screening
of workers for the effects of occupational exposure
were presented at a conference in Cinncinnati, Ohio, in
July 1984. Articles on these techniques as practiced in
industry were included. Legal, ethical, and social con-
sequences were covered. The need for adequate eval-
uation of effectiveness was emphasized. Many new
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
methods, especially in the areas of biological monitor-
ing for the presence of intoxicants or their metabolites
and medical screening for early evidence of genetic
and somatic damage are being developed. The place
of these two techniques in the continuum of methods
available for the prevention of occupational disease
was considered. Along with the biological aspects of
screening tests, aspects of public health policy and ec-
onomics are dealt with, as well as numerous case
studies presenting the actual experience of screening
programs. Complexities, such as elucidating the rela-
tionship between multiple causes, the host, and the
effect, were addressed. The papers deal with urinaly-
sis, blood analysis, breath analysis, immunoassay, ra-
diodiagnosis, pulmonary function screening, sputum
cytology, fecal hemoccult testing, birth weight, and sig-
moidoscopy.
Keywords: 'Meetings, "Industrial medicine, 'Medical
screening, 'Preventive medicine, Exposure, 'Occupa-
tional safety and health, 'Biological monitoring.
PB87-155438/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD.
Conference on Medical Screening and Biological
Monitoring for the Effects of Exposure in the
Workplace, July 1984. Part 2.
National Inst, for Occupational Safety and Health, Cin-
cinnati, OH.
C1986,252p
Contract PHS-NIOSH-211-86-0005
Also pub. as Jnl. of Occupational Medicine, v28 n10
Oct 86. See also Part 1, PB87-155420.Color illustra-
tions reproduced in black and white. Sponsored by Na-
tional Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD., and Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
The papers presented reflected problems associated
with medical screening and biomonitoring for the ef-
fects of occupational exposure. There were three pri-
mary topics considered at the conference. The first
dealt with the legal, social and ethical issues related to
medical screening and medical monitoring. The
second topic concerned issues in assessment and
evaluation of screening programs. The exercise toler-
ance test as a screening test in coronary heart dis-
ease, use of chest radiography for low back pain
screening, screening for bladder cancer, diagnostic
techniques for use in certain diseases dermatologic
screening, damage from exposure to benzo(a)pyrene
(50328), computerized screening for neurobehavioral
changes in the workplace, detection of early pregnan-
cy and fetal loss, and respiratory function tests in the
screening of workers were emphasized. Occupational
ecogenetics, interactions between genes and environ-
ment in the workplace, epidemiological use of genetic
screening in the workplace, chromosome alterations
as markers of exposure and effect, and immunoassays
to adducts of benzo(a)pyrene and DNA in the biomoni-
toring of workers exposed to carcinogens, comprised
the third major topic of the conference. (Copyright (c)
1986 by the American Occupational Medical Associa-
tion.)
Keywords: 'Industrial medicine, 'Exposure, 'Genet-
ics, Work environments, Socioeconomic factors. Eval-
uation, Monitors, Legal problems, Ethics, Reprints, 'Bi-
ological monitoring, 'Screening, Diagnostic services,
Medical procedures, Occupational Safety and Health.
PB87-1S5S03/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Plans, Recordkeeping, Variances, and Demonstra-
tions for Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage
and Disposal Facilities: Guidance Manual. Interim
Status Requirements. Draft rept. for 1976-80.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
1981, 188p EPA/530/SW-81/921
The purpose of the document is to assist EPA's Re-
gional office in interpreting selected requirements of
the 'Interim Status Standards' (ISS) for facilities man-
aging hazardous waste. The interim status standards
were promulgated under the authority of section 3004
of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of
1976 (RCRA) and were published in the Federal Reg-
ister on May 19, 1980 (45 FR98:33063). The Regional
Guidance Manual on Selected Interim Status Require-
ments provides background information and general
guidance to aid permitting officials in evaluating re-
sponses to certain aspects of the interim status regula-
tion. The manual is not a regulatory action and the sug-
gestions contained herein are not mandatory or en-
744 Vol. 90, No. 24
forceable. The guidance provided represents the best
information available to EPA.
Keywords: Waste treatment, Waste disposal, Stand-
ards, Hazardous materials, Storage, Manuals, 'Waste
management, Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act.
PB87-15S537/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Closure of Hazardous Waste Surface Impound-
ments (Revised),
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA.
A. W. Wyss, H. K. Willard, R. M. Evans, R. J. Schmitt,
and R. G. Sherman. Sep 82,103p EPA/530/SW-82/
873
Contract EPA-68-03-2567
Supersedes PB81 -166894. Prepared in cooperation
with Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Palo Alto, CA. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
The manual describes and references the methods,
tests, and procedures involved in closing a site in such
a manner that minimizes the need for further mainte-
nance, and control, minimizes, and eliminates, to the
extent necessary to protect human health and the en-
vironment, post-closure escape of hazardous waste,
hazardous waste constituents, leachate, contaminated
rainfall, or waste decomposition products to ground-
water, surface waters, or the atmosphere. Problems
that have been overlooked in abandoned surface im-
poundments and have caused environmental degra-
dation are discusses. The techniques involved are per-
tinent to closing an impoundment either by removing
the hazardous waste or by consolidating the waste on-
site and securing the site at a landfill. Technical criteria
for implementing the closure-specifically those regard-
ing aspects substantially different from a landfill, are
given relevant literature or procedures are document-
ed for more in-depth review as necessary.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Closures, Manuals,
'Hazardous wastes, 'Surface impoundments, "Pollu-
tion control, Land disposal, Waste management.
PB87-155545/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Inter-Industry Collaborative Study of tne Toxicity
Characteristic Leaching Procedure. Addendum to
Compilation of Phase 1A and Phase 2 Data. Tech-
nical rept.
Lancy International, Inc., Zelienople, PA.
Sep 86,142p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC., American Iron and Steel Inst., Wash-
ington, DC., and American Textile Manufacturers Inst.,
Washington, DC.
The document was submitted to EPA as a public com-
ment. The study was conducted in two phases, a famil-
iarization phase and a second phase constituting the
majority of the test program. The goals of the study
were: to compare the TCLP and the EP Toxicity test on
wastes of interest to the sponsoring associations; to
estimate the precision and reliability of the TCLP; and
to identify procedural problems in the TCLP.
Keywords: Contaminants, Precision, Chemical analy-
sis, Performance, "Toxicity characteristic leaching pro-
cedure. Waste management, Leaching, Solid wastes,
Liquid wastes.
PB87-1SS5S2/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Guidance Document, Seismic Considerations Haz-
ardous Waste Management Facilities. Draft rept.
MITRE Corp., McLean, VA. METREK Div.
29 Dec 82,69p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The document is concerned with earthquakes as a
threat to public safety and welfare in a significant por-
tion of the United States. The regulations prohibits
hazardous waste management facilities from locating
within 200 feet of a fault which has had displacement
in Holocene Line (Approximately the Last 11,000
years). Such a fault is therefore referred to as a holo-
cene fault within this document. These facilities re-
quired to comply with this regulation are to demon-
strate that the facility is not within 200 feet of a holo-
cene fault.
Keywords: "Earthquakes, Guidance, Safety, Sites,
"Hazardous waste facilities, "Waste management. Ge-
ological faults, Seismic design.
PB87-155578/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Guidance Document for Subpart F Air Emission
Monitoring - Land Disposal Toxic Air Emissions
Evaluation Guideline.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
1 Dec 81, 94p
The manual presents a procedure for assessing the
impact of hazardous air emissions from disposal Facili-
ties on the downwind population. The report is pre-
pared to provide the facility owner or operator and the
permit writer guidance on evaluating the performance
of facility design, and preparation and analysis of the
permit application. The manual will also provide a
quantitative tool for the rational evaluation of hazard-
ous air emissions from land disposal facilities, and for
prediction of ambient air quality of hazardous waste
components.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Earth fills, Waste disposal,
"Air pollution sampling, 'Land disposal, 'Environmen-
tal monitoring, Air quality, Toxic hazards.
PB87-1S5776/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Regu-
lations Affecting Generators and Transporter.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
25 Mar 80,63p
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The document has provisions that cover most of the
documentation requirements imposed on generators
and transporters. At submission companion regula-
tions defining hazardous wastes to be covered by the
Regional Conservation Recovery Act (RCRA) were not
yet completed. Definitions for what constitutes hazard-
ous wastes have now been largely agreed upon. New
definitions largely exclude waste amounts for plants
generating at a rate of under 1,000 kilograms per
month, significantly reducing previous estimates of re-
porting burdens.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Waste treatment, Regu-
lations, Materials handling, Industrial waste treatment.
Records management, Cost analysis, "Hazardous
wastes, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Waste transporters, Resources conservation, Waste
generators, Waste processing plants.
PB87-155784/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Soil Properties, Classification, and Hydraulic Con-
ductivity Testing: Draft Technical Resource Docu-
ment for Public Comment. Rept. for 30 Jan 81-15
Jun82,
ABC Dirt/ Soil Scientists, Seattle, WA.
D. W. Roberts. Mar 84,184p* EPA/530/SW-84/925
Sponsored by Municipal Environmental Research
Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
The document is a compilation of available laboratory
and field testing methods for the measurement of hy-
draulic conductivity (permeability) of soils along with
background information on relevant soil properties and
classification systems. This was developed to assist
those involved in planning and construction of hazard-
ous waste disposal facilities and also supports the
Technical Guidance Documents and Permit Guidance
Document issued by EPA to assist reviewers of appli-
cations for permits under Subtitle C of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act.
Keywords: 'Hydraulic conductivity, 'Soil properties,
'Hazardous materials. "Solid waste disposal, Soij
tests, Construction, Licenses, Law(Jurisprudence)
Taxonomy, Atterberg limits, Shrinkage, Porosity, Plasl
ticity, Soil water, Soil compacting, Soil aggregates, Soil
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-155917/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Description of UNAMAP (User's Network for Ap-
plied Modeling of Air Pollution) (Version 6). Envi-
ronmental research brief,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
D. B.Turner, and L. W. Bender. Dec 86,14pEPA/600/
M-86/027
See also PB86-222361. Prepared in cooperation with
Computer Sciences Corp., Research Triangle Park,
NC.
UNAMAP (VERSION 6) represents the 1986 update to
the User's Network for Applied Modeling of Air Pollu-
tion. UNAMAP consists of an ASCII magnetic tape
containing FORTRAN codes and test data for 25 air
quality simulation models as well as associated docu-
mentation. The tape and documentation are available
as a single package from NTIS (Accession Number
PB86-222 361). Tnis provides technical transfer of
these models from the Environmental Protection
Agency to model users.
Keywords: 'Models(Simulation), 'Air pollution, 'Math-
ematical models, 'Atmospheric diffusion, Fortran, 'Air
quality, "UNAMAP models.
PB87-156683/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Standards Applicable to Owners and Operators of
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Dis-
posal Facilities under RCRA (Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act), Subtitle C, Section 3004.
Closure and Postclosure: Interim Status Stand-
ards (40 CFR 265, Subpart G) (Addendum). Rept.
for 1980-82.
International Research and Technology Corp.,
McLean, VA.
1984,246p
Contract EPA-68-01 -5794
See also PB81-190092. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid
Waste.
The manual is intended to serve as a guide to the
types of information that are appropriate to include in
closure and postclosure plans. EPA has developed
closure and post-closure performance standards as
part of the Interim Status Standards - Subpart G, Clo-
sure Post-Closure Requirements. The guidance docu-
ment accompanies only these portions of the regula-
tions which were issued on May 19,1980 and the tech-
nical amendment to those regulations.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Incinerators, 'Clo-
sures, Regulations, Standards, Waste disposal, Waste
treatment, 'Post closures, 'Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act, Waste disposal facilities, Waste
management.
PB87-156691/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Progress In the Prevention and Control of Air Pol-
lution In 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Control Programs Development Div.
Jan 87, 90p EPA/450/2-87/002
See also PB86-139599.
The report addresses the progress made in the pre-
vention and control of air pollution in 1985. It covers
the areas of air quality trends and monitoring, develop-
ing of air quality criteria and standards, the status of
State Implementation plans, the control of stationary
and mobile source emissions, enforcement, and litiga-
tion. The report is the annual report of the Administra-
tor of EPA to the Congress in compliance with Sec-
tions 313, 202(b)(4), and 306 of the Clean Air Act, as
amended.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Trends, Mathematical
models, Particles, Sulfur dioxide, National government,
Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Sampling,
Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Ozone,
Concentration(Composition), Exhaust emissions.
Public health, 'Air quality, 'Air pollution abatement,
State implementation plan, Clean Air Act. Monitoring,
Stationary sources.
PB87-157210/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Liner Location Risk and Cost Analysis Model.
Draft rept.
Pope-Reid Associates, Inc., St. Paul, MN.
Jan 85,122p
Contract EPA-68-01 -6621
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The volume contains the summary and the text of the
liner location risk and cost analysis Draft Report, which
was developed by U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency and its contractors. The Report describes the
models framework, its applications and results of the
first phase of development. The Liner Location Risk
and Cost Analysis model estimates the chronic risk to
human health from land disposal of hazardous wastes
under different technology, location, and waste stream
scenarios; it also estimates the cost of different de-
signs and size of landfills and surface impoundments.
Keywords: 'Linings, Risks, Cost analysis, Public
health, Exposure, Earth fills, 'Land disposal, Liner lo-
cation risk model, Health hazards, Cost analysis
models, Surface impoundments.
PB87-157251/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Needs Survey Report to Congress, 1986: Assess-
ment of Needed Publicly Owneid Wastewater
Treatment Facilities in the united States.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Municipal Pollution Control.
Feb 87,68p* EPA/430/9-87/001
See also PB85-172682.
The report provides the EPA's detailed estimate of the
capital costs needed to build publicly owned municipal
wastewater treatment facilities to comply with the
Clean Water Act.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Cost analysis, Con-
struction costs, Waste water, Water treatment, Eco-
nomic analysis. Combined sewers, Assessments,
United States, National government, Forecasting, Sur-
veys, Design, 'Water treatment plant, 'Publicly owned
wastewater treatment.
PB87-157418/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
Evaluation Guidelines for Toxic Air Emissions
from Land Disposal Facilities: Technical Resource
Document for Air Emissions, Monitoring and Con-
trol.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Aug81,447p
The manual presents procedures for assessing the
impact of Hazardous Air Emissions from disposal facili-
ties on the downwind population for Air Monitoring,
and for Evaluating the control techniques for treating
toxic chemicals. The report is prepared to provide
guidance to the facility owner or operator and the
permit writer on evaluating the performance of facility
design and preparation and analysis of the permit ap-
plication.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Air pollution con-
trol, 'Earth fills, Guidelines, Assessments, Sites,
Concentration(Composition), 'Toxic substances,
'Land fills, 'Air quality, Land disposal, Procedures,
Surface impoundments, Air sampling.
PB87-157467/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
National Water Quality Monitoring and Assess-
ment: Report on a Colloquium Sponsored by the
Water Science and Technology Board, May 21-22,
1986.	Colloquium 2. Final rept.
National Research Council, Washington, DC. Commis-
sion on Engineering and Technical Systems.
1987,	118p
The colloquium contains two major sections-an over-
view and a more lengthy set of background papers by
individual authors. Tne participants at the colloquium
concluded that a national water quality monitoring and
assessment program, in some form and at some level
of effort, is warranted in order to improve comprehen-
siveness and reliability of information for decisionmak-
ing. Among the reasons cited for having such a nation-
al program included the need to improve: characteriza-
tion of the general quality of the nation's water re-
sources: understanding of water quality trends, specifi-
cally changes showing improvement or worsening in
conditions; understanding of the extent, nature, and
causes of water pollution so as to suggest ways of pro-
tecting human health and the environment; setting of
standards and assurance of compliance with regula-
tions; development of water quality control technology;
quality assurance/quality control efforts so as to
ensure greater consistency, compatibility, and reliabil-
ity of data collection; data base management and in-
formation exchange; understanding of aquatic phe-
nomena; and predictive capability.
Keywords: 'Water quality, "Meetings, Water quality,
Public health, Water pollution, Trends, Assessments,
Surveys, 'Environmental monitoring, Ambient water
quality criteria, Environmental quality.
PB87-157475/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Equivalency of State Financial Responsibility
Mechanisms. Draft rept. 1980-82.
ICF, Inc., Washington, DC.
Sep 82,33p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.
The document was prepared for Agency review in issu-
ing financial responsibility standards under RCRA. the
Agency determined that such requirements are (1)
necessary to assure that funds will be available for
proper closures of all hazardous waste management
facilities, and for 30 years of post-closure care of land
disposal facilities, and (2) desirable, in the care of li-
ability coverage, to assure that funds will be available
during the operating life of a facility from which third
parties can be compensated for bodily injury and prop-
erty damage arising from operation of the facility.
These determinations are bated on extensive analysis
and review of public comments and consequently
define the scope, purpose, and function of any state fi-
nancial responsibility regulation under RCRA.
Keywords: 'Financing, State government, 'Hazardous
waste facilities, Post closures, Land disposal, Funds,
Liability insurance, 'State programs.
PB87-157574/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Guide to Respiratory Protection for the Asbestos
Abatement Industry (Revised). Final rept.,
National Inst, for Occupational Safety and Health, Mor-
gantown, WV. Div. of Safety Research.
G. P. Noonan, H. I. Linn, and L. D. Reed. Sep 86,
173p* EPA/560/OPTS-86/001
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Pesticides and Toxic Sub-
stances.
The guide provides practical guidance for selection
and use of respiratory protection to persons who work
in asbestos abatement operations or other activities,
such as maintenance or repair, where exposure or the
potential for exposure to asbestos exists. The guide
recommends controlling exposures to the lowest level
possible as determined by the most sensitive and reli-
able monitoring methods. The guide has five parts.
Part I is an introduction to the hazards associated with
airborne asbestos and to the issues involving respira-
tory protection against asbestos. Part II presents a
model respiratory protection program for the asbestos
industry which both satisfies current Federal regula-
tions and incorporates the most current information on
appropriate respirators for use against airborne asbes-
tos fibers. Part III contains a checklist for developing or
evaluating a respiratory protection program. Part IV
presents information on breathing air systems for sup-
plied-air respirators. Part V lists sources of help for
problems involving respirator use.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Air pollution control, 'Respira-
tors, Hazardous materials, Exposure, Inspection, 'Air
pollution abatement, 'Protective devices, Toxic sub-
stances, Occupational safety, Health hazards.
PB87-157640/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Investigation of Radiofrequency Radiation Levels
at the U.S. Forsat Service Mt. Elden Lookout
Tower, Flagstaff, Arizona, May 1,1986.
Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas, NV. Electro-
magnetics Branch.
May86,51p
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The Mt. Elden fire lookout tower, operated by the U.S.
Forest Service, is situated amidst 52 antennas of vari-
ous types, some of which are used for communications
and broadcasting purposes. The associated transmit-
ters operate at frequencies ranging from 57 MHz to 6.8
GHz. Because of the proximity of the tower to so many
antennas, the Forest Service became concerned over
the possibility of high-level radiofrequency (RF) radi-
ation levels which might be present in the cab of the
lookout tower and the RF exposure which would result
when the tower was occupied by Forest Service per-
sonnel during the fire season. At the request of the
Forest Service, EPA made broadband and narrowband
field strength measurements at the Mt. Elden facility.
The results of the study indicate that whole-body expo-
sure levels in the cab of the tower and in the living
quarters at the base of the tower are typically less than
50 uW/cm2 which is substantially lower than the limits
(1000 uW/cm2).
Keywords: "Towers, 'Radiofrequencies, 'Forest fires,
Radiation, Personnel, Exposure, Very high frequen-
cies, Hazards.
PB87-157657/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act)
Guidance Document: Landfill Design, Liner Sys-
tems arid Final Cover. Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
7 Jul 82, 33p
The guidance document presents landfill design speci-
fications which the Agency believes comply with the
design and operating requirements of 264.301(A), and
the closure requirements of 264.310(A) of the RCRA
landfill regulations. These regulations have been for-
mulated with the goal of eliminating the escape of
leachate from landfills for all time to the extent practi-
cal. The Agency wishes to emphasize that the specifi-
cations contained herein are guidance, not regula-
tions.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Earth fills, 'Linings,
'Closures, Guidance, Design, Regulations, Operation,
Specifications, 'Land disposal, Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act, Leachates, Final covers.
PB87-157665/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
RCRA Guidance Document Surface Impound-
ments Liner Systems, Final Cover, and Freeboard
Control. Draft rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
19 Nov 86, 21 p*
The guidance document presents surface impound-
ment design specifications that the EPA believes
comply with the design and operating requirements of
Section 264.228(a) of surface impoundment regula-
tions. The document is arranged according to the sec-
tions of the regulations to which it corresponds. The
specifications contained in this document are guid-
ance, not regulations. The Agency is not requiring, and
does not intend, that all units be built this way.
Keywords: 'Linings, 'Waste disposal, Design, Guid-
ance, Regulations, "Surface impoundments, Closures.
PB87-157673/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act)
Implementation Plan, FY 87.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
19 May 86, 54p*
The document provides guidance to the Regions and
States for implementing the RCRA Subtitle C program
in the coming fiscal year. The document clearly identi-
fies the five highest priority RCRA activities. A major
emphasis is on permitting of land disposal facilities by
statutory deadline (Nov. 1988), and on ensuring proper
closure of environmentally significant closing facilities.
The priorities are enforcement against ground water
monitoring violators, permitting of new treatment and
RD&D units, and conducting required inspections.
Keywords: Waste disposal, Licenses, Closures, State
government, Regulations, Monitors, National govern-
ment, 'Resource Conversation and Recovery Act,
'Waste management, "Implementation plans.
746 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB87-157681/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 118: Folpet.
Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
5 Feb 87, 13p EPA/540/FS-87/130
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred, (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Fun-
gicides, Agricultural products, "Toxic substances,
"Folpet, Path of pollutants, Chemical information fact
sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, CAS 133-07-3.
PB87-157756/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Liner Location Risk and Cost Analysis Model. Ap-
pendices. Draft rept.
Pope-Reid Associates, Inc., St. Paul, MN.
Jan 85,414p
Contract EPA-68-01-6621
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The volume contains the appendices to the Liner Lo-
cation Risk Analysis Model Draft Report. Contents:
Failure and release submodel; Subsurface transport
submodel; Exposure submodel; Hazard submodel;
Cost model; Waste and constituent characterization;
Structure and function of the liner-location risk analysis
model.
Keywords: "Ground water, Risk, Cost analysis, Eco-
nomic analysis, Transportation, Exposure, Hazards,
Wastes, "Environmental impact statements, Health
risks, Toxic hazards.
PB87-158655/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Technical Resource Document for Obtaining Vari-
ance from the Secondary Containment Require-
ment of Hazard Waste Tank Systems. Volume 1.
Technology-Based Variance.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Feb 87,248p* EPA/530/SW-87/002-A
Contract EPA-68-01 -7053
See also Volume 2, PB87-158663. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, Office
of Solid Waste.
On July 14,1986, EPA promulgated revised standards
for hazardous waste storage and treatment tank
system (51 FR 25422). These regulations require that
all new and existing hazardous tank systems be pro-
vided secondary containment with release monitoring.
EPA recognizes that the goal of protecting human
health and the environment might be achieved in ways
other than secondary containment. Therefore, tank
system owners or operators may apply for a variance
from the secondary containment requirements of the
hazardous waste tank standards. Both risk-based and
technology-based variances can be obtained. The
document was developed to provide hazardous waste
tank system owners and operators information for sub-
mitting a request for a variance. It was written in two
volumes; Volume 1 covers technology-based var-
iances, and Volume 2 covers risk-based variances.
Technology based variances as discussed in Volume
1, can be granted if the tank system owner/operator
can show that the use of new technology and/or alter-
native operating procedures together with location
characteristics, will enable a release to be contained,
detected, and removed as effectively as if a secondary
containment technique were employed.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Tanks(Containers),
"Storage tanks, "Waste treatment, Design, Regula-
tions, Containment, Technology, Installing, "Hazard-
ous wastes.
PB87-158663/HSU	PC A18/MF AOI
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Technical Resource Document for Obtaining Var-
iances from the Secondary Containment Require-
ment of Hazardous Waste Tank Systems. Volume
2. Risk-Based Variance.
ICF, Inc., Washington, DC.
Feb 87,405p" EPA/530/SW-87-002-B
Contract EPA-68-01-7290
See also Volume 1, PB87-158655. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office
of Solid Waste.
On July 14,1986, EPA promulgated revised standards
for hazardous waste storage and treatment tank
system (51 FR 25422). These regulations require that
all new and existing hazardous tank systems be pro-
vided secondary containment with release monitoring.
EPA recognizes that the goal of protecting human
health and the environment might be achieved in ways
other than secondary containment. Therefore, tank
system owners or operators may apply for a variance
from the secondary containment requirements of the
hazardous waste tank standards. Both risk-based and
technology-based variances can be obtained. The
document was developed to provide hazardous waste
tank system owners and operators information for sub-
mitting a request for a variance. It was written in two
volumes; Volume 1 covers technology-based var-
iances, and Volume 2 covers risk-based variances. A
risk-based variance as discussed in Volume 2, may be
granted if the tank system owner/operator can show
that if a release occurs there will be no substantial
hazard (present or future) to the environment and
human health.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Waste treatment,
'Tanks(Containers), "Storage tanks, Regulations,
Risk, Exposure, Toxicity, Public health, 'Hazardous
wastes, Environmental transport, Path of pollutants,
Health hazards.
PB87-1588S3/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistratlon of Pesticide
Products Containing Metolachlor as the Active In-
§redlent.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jan 87,162p EPA/540/RS-87/152
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, Ecology,
Manufacturing, Toxicology, Herbicides, "Registration,
"Toxic substances, "Metolachlor, Path of pollutants,
Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act,
Acetamide/chloro-N-(ethyl-methylphenyl)-N-
(methoxy-methylethyl), CAS 51218-45-2.
PB87-158978/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act)
Guidance Manual for Subpart G Closure and Post-
Closure Care Standards and Subpart H Cost Esti-
mating Requirements.
ICF, Inc., Washington, DC.
Jan 87,170p"
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.
The guidance manual supports 40 CFR Parts 264 &
265 Subpart G (Closure-Post-Closure regulations) and
Subpart H (Cost Estimating Rules). The manual is to
be used to help regulatory officials implement the clo-
sure and post-closure care regulations and to help
hazardous waste facility owners and operators pre-
pare closure plans and cost estimates which satisfy
these regulations. Specifically, this manual does the
following: clarifies the intent and scope of the closure
and post-closure plan and cost estimate regulatory re-
quirements, provides examples of the types of infor-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sure plans and cost estimates, covers site-specific fac-
tors that may affect closure and post-closure care ac-
tivities, and provides cost and post-closure plan check-
lists to aid in preparing and reviewing plans. The guid-
ance supports requirements which apply to interim
status and permitted hazardous waste facilities. Also
included are closure timeliness, discussions of techni-
cal criteria and site-specific factors relevant to evaluat-
ing the length of the post-closure care period, and clo-
sure and post-closure plan checklists for most types of
treatment, storage, or disposal units.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, "Cost estimates, 'Manu-
als, Regulations, Standards, Waste treatment, Sites,
Cost analysis, Covers, 'Hazardous wastes, 'Closures,
'Post closures, Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act.
PB87-1589S6/HSU	PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, IX.
Guidance Manual: Cost Estimates for Closure and
Post-Closure Plans (Subparts G and H).
Pope-Reid Associates, Inc., St. Paul, MN.
Nov 86,625p*
Set includes PB87-158994 through PB87-159026.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.
No abstract available.
PB87-158994/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Guidance Manual: Cost Estimates tor Closure and
Post-Closure Plans (Subparts G and H). Volume 1.
Treatment and Storage Facilities. Final rept.
Pope-Reid Associates, Inc., St. Paul, MN.
Nov 86,126p* EPA/530/SW-87/009A
Contract EPA-68-01-6861
See also Volume 2, PB87-159000. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB87-
158986.
The volume is intended for use by hazardous waste fa-
cility owners/operators who prepare closure and post-
closure cost estimates for treatment, storage, and in-
cineration facilities and by regulatory officials who
review these cost estimates for 40 CFR Parts 264 and
265 Subpart H. The volume's purpose is to provide a
framework for developing the closure cost estimate for
treatment and storage units (contains, tanks), and in-
cinerators. The volume contains worksheets for esti-
mating closure costs for treatment/storage units as
well as summary worksheets for totalling facility costs.
For those cases where tank facilities must also pre-
pare most-closure estimates, post-closure estimates,
post-closure worksheets are also provided in the
volume.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Cost estimates,
'Manuals, 'Waste disposal, Waste treatment, Guide-
lines, State government, National government, Cost
analysis, Land disposal, Coverings, Incineration, 'Clo-
sures, 'Post closures.
PB87-159000/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, IX).
Guidance Manual: Cost Estimates for Closure and
Post-Closure Plans (Subparts G and H). Volume 2.
Land Disposal Facilities. Final rept.
Pope-Reid Associates, Inc., St. Paul, MN.
Nov 86.283p* EPA/530/SW-87/009B
Contract EPA-68-01-6861
See also Volume 1, PB87-158994, and Volume 3,
PB87-159018. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency. Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB87-
158986.
The volume is intended for use both by TSDF owners/
operators who prepare closure and post-closure cost
estimates for land disposal facilities and by regulator
officials who review the cost estimates tor 40 CFR
Parts 264 and 265 Subpart H. The volume's purpose is
to provide a framework for developing the closure and
post-closure cost estimates for land disposal units
(waste piles, surface impoundments, land treatment
facilities, and landfills). The volume contains closure
cost estimating worksheets for each land disposal unit
type, as well as worksheets for estimating post-closure
costs, and summary worksheets.
Keywords: 'Cost estimates, 'Earth fills, 'Waste dis-
posal, 'Manuals, Guidelines, Coverings, Linings, State
government, National government. Cost analysis,
Tables(Data), 'Land disposal, 'Closures, 'Post clo-
sures, "Surface impoundments, "Waste piles, Environ-
mental monitoring.
PB87-159018/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Guidance Manual: Cost Estimates for Closure and
Post-Closure Plans (Subparts G and H). Volume 3.
Unit Costs. Final rept.
Pope-Reid Associates, Inc., St. Paul, MN.
Nov 86,146p* EPA/530/SW-87-009C
Contract EPA-68-01-6861
See also Volume 2, PB87-159000, and Volume 4,
PB87-159026. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB87-
158986.
The volume consists of information and guidance on
typical unit costs, unit cost ranges, and how the unit
costs are applied in various facility situations. The vol-
ume's purpose is to provide guidance in completing
the worksheets in Volume I and II (Treatment and Stor-
age Facilities and Land Disposal Facilities, respective-
ly). Before using this volume, the appropriate closure
and post-closure worksheets (from Volumes I and/or
II) should be selected in this way, the user can deter-
mine the applicable closure and post-closure actions
which require cost estimates. Cost estimating consists
of identifying the tasks to be performed, selecting the
labor and equipment necessary to complete each task,
and using a cost reference to choose a unit cost for
each of the components of the tasks. In the cases
where the user is having difficulty developing cost esti-
mates, cross references to this volume are included on
the worksheets in Volumes I and II.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
'Cost estimates, 'Manuals, Guidelines, Cost analysis,
Inspection, Maintenance, Soils, Sludge disposal,
Waste management, Regulations, Ground water, In-
cineration, 'Closures, 'Post closures, 'Environmental
monitoring, Impoundments, Land disposal, Waste
piles, Leachates.
PB87-159026/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Guidance Manual: Cost Estimates for Closure and
Post-Closure Plans (Subparts G and H). Volume 4.
Documentation. Final rept.
Pope-Reid Associates, Inc., St. Paul, MN.
Nov 86, 70p* EPA/530/SW-87-009D
Contract EPA-68-01 -6861
See also Volume 3, PB87-159018. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB87-
158986.
The volume contains the documentation for the unit
costs shown in Volume III (Unit Costs). The volume's
purpose is to present information on the source(s)
used for each unit cost, provide examples of any com-
putations performed in developing a unit cost, and de-
scribe any assumptions mads in developing the unit
costs. The volume is organized to correspond to
Volume III.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Cost estimates,
'Manuals, 'Waste disposal, Documentation, Cost
analysis, Computation, 'Closures, 'Post closures.
PB87-160073/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Contract Operation and Maintenance: The Answer
for Your Town.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Municipal Pollution Control.
Jan 87,16p
Many people worked long and hard to plan, fund,
design and build the facilities that treat your town's
wastewater. How well is the system working today. Is
your treatment plant: Meeting permits limits; Economi-
cally and efficiently operated; Conscientiously main-
tained; Properly and capably staffed. In short, are
these facilities being operated and maintained in a
manner that protects the considerable investment tax-
payers have made in environmental quality. Even more
important to local taxpayers are the day-to-day costs
of operating and maintaining the wastewater facilities
built with these funds.
Keywords: 'Waste water, 'Sewage treatment, Oper-
ations, Licenses, Maintenance, Contracts, Protection,
Taxes, Equipment.
PB87-160412/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1985.
Volume 2. Northwestern Illinois Region. Annual
rept.,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
J. Hawes, and W. Hammel. Jul 86,317p IEPA/WPC/
86-005B
See also Volume 1, PB86-197001, and Volume 3,
PB87-160420. Prepared in cooperation with North-
eastern Illinois Planning Commission, Chicago, and
Southwestern Illinois Metropolitan and Regional Plan-
ning Commission, Collinsville.
The report is Vol. II of a series of 7 reports summariz-
ing Illinois EPA's 1985 Volunteer Lake Monitoring Pro-
gram. It provides a program overview, summarizes re-
sults for 22 lakes in Northwestern Illinois, and dis-
cusses lake/watershed management strategies. It
also contains individual analyses and recommenda-
tions for lakes monitored during 9 or more sampling
periods, and data for lakes monitored 4-8 sampling pe-
riods. Thirty-five volunteers recorded total depth,
Secchi disc transparency, and field observations for 22
lakes in Northwestern Illinois between May and Octo-
ber, 1985.
Keywords: 'Monitoring, "Water pollution, 'Lakes,
Transparence, Depth, Citizen participation, Water-
sheds, Management, Banking, Runoff, Construction,
Agriculture, Tables(Data), Illinois, Trophic level, North-
western Region (Illinois).
PB87-160420/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1985.
Volume 3. Northeastern Illinois Region. Annual
rept.,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
R. J. Kirschner. Dec 86,238p IEPA/WPC/86-005C
See also Volume 2, PB87-160412, and Volume 5, PB-
160438. Prepared in cooperation with Northeastern Illi-
nois Planning Commission, Chicago.
The report is Vol. Ill of a series of 7 reports summariz-
ing Illinois EPA's 1985 Volunteer Lake Monitoring Pro-
gram. It provides a program overview, summarizes re-
sults for 41 lakes in Northeastern Illinois, and dis-
cusses lake/watershed management strategies. It
also contains data (in tabular and graphic form) for
lakes monitored 4-8 sampling periods. Appendices
(under a separate cover) contain individual analyses
and recommendations for lakes monitored during 9 or
more sampling periods. Forty-five volunteers recorded
total depth, Secchi disc transparency, and field obser-
vations for 41 lakes in Northeastern Illinois between
May and October, 1985.
Keywords: 'Monitoring, 'Lakes, 'Water pollution, Citi-
zen participation, Depth, Transparence, Water quality,
Tables(Data), Illinois, Water quality data, Northeastern
Region(illinois).
PB87-160438/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1985.
Volume 5. East-Central Illinois Region. Annual rept.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
J. Hawes, K. Luly, and W. Hammel. Jul 86, 352p IEPA/
WPC/86-005E
See also Volume 3, PB87-160420, and Volume 6,
PB87-160446. Prepared in cooperation with North-
eastern Illinois Planning Commission, Chicago, and
Southwestern Illinois Metropolitan and Regional Plan-
ning Commission, Collinsville.
The report is Vol. V of a series of 7 reports summariz-
ing Illinois EPA's 1985 Volunteer Lake Monitoring Pro-
gram. It provides a program overview, summarize? re-
sults for 21 lakes in East-Central Illinois, and discusses
lake/watershed management strategies. It also con-
tains individual analyses and recommendations for
lakes monitored during 9 or more sampling periods,
and data for lakes monitored 4-8 sampling periods.
Forty-four volunteers recorded total depth, Secchi disc
transparency, and field observations for 21 reservoirs
in East-Central Illinois between May and October,
1985.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Monitoring, "Lakes, "Water pollution, Citi-
zen participation, Depth, Transparence, Tables(Data),
Illinois, Volunteers, Trophic level, Central
Region(lllinois), Water quality data.
PB87-160446/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1985.
Volume 6. Southwestern Illinois Region. Annual
rept.,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
M. E. Clement. Jul 86, 223p IEPA/WPC/86-005F
Also pub. as Southwestern Illinois Metropolitan and
Regional Planning Commission, Collinsville rept. no.
SWIL-MAPC-86-02. See also Volume 5, PB87-160438,
and Volume 7, PB87-160453. Prepared in cooperation
with Southwestern Illinois Metropolitan and Regional
Planning Commission, Collinsville.
A Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program initiated by Illi-
nois EPA in 1981 was continued through 1985. Citi-
zens were trained to measure Secchi Disc transparen-
cy, total depth, and record field observations from a
boat at three sites on their chosen lake, twice a month
from May through October. The report provides a sum-
mary of the 1985 program in the Southwestern Illinois
Region, where 13 volunteers participated in monitoring
11 lakes in the Region.
Keywords: "Monitoring, "Lakes, "Water pollution, Citi-
zen participation, Seasonal variations, Transparence,
Depth, Tables(Data), Illinois, Southwestern
Region(lllinois), Trophic level, Water quality data.
PB87-160453/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1985.
Volume 7. Southern Illinois Region. Annual rept.,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
D. B. Muir. Jul 86, 250p IEPA/WPC/86-005G
See also Volume 6, PB87-160446. Prepared in coop-
eration with Greater Egypt Regional Planning and De-
velopment Commission, Carbondale, IL.
The report is Vol. VII of a series of 7 reports summariz-
ing Illinois EPA's 1985 Volunteer Lake Monitoring Pro-
gram. It provides a program overview, summarizes re-
sults for 14 lakes in Southern Illinois, and discusses
lake/watershed management strategies. It also con-
tains individual analyses and recommendations for
lakes monitored during 9 or more sampling periods,
and data for lakes monitored 4-8 sampling periods.
Twenty-two volunteers recorded total depth, Secchi
disc transparency, and field observations for 14 lakes
in Southern Illinois between May and October, 1985.
Keywords: "Monitoring, "Lakes, "Water pollution, Citi-
zen participation, Management, Watersheds, Depth,
Transparence, Rivers, Illinois, Tables(Data), Trophic
level, Water quality data, Southern Region(lllinois).
PB87-161238/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Technology Briefs: Data Requirements for Select-
ing Remedial Action Technology,
Alliance Technologies Corp., Bedford, MA.
T. Nunno, L. Wilk, M. Offenhauer, and S. Palmer. Jan
87,174p* EPA/600/2-87/001
Contract EPA-68-03-3243
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The report addresses the data requirements needed to
screen, evaluate, design, and construct remedial
action technology at hazardous waste sites. The reme-
dial action technologies include controls for air pollu-
tion, surface water, leachate, ground water, gas migra-
tion, excavation, in-situ treatment, and land disposal.
The report consists of two-page summaries or 'fact
sheets' on remedial technologies that describe the
function, description, design considerations, limita-
tions, technology status, associated technologies, and
data needs.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Waste disposal, Air
pollution control, Water pollution control, Ground
water, "Hazardous waste sites, "Remedial action tech-
nology, "National contingency plan, Leaching, Chemi-
cal treatment, Physical treatment, Biological process-
es, Land disposal, Path of pollutants.
748 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB87-162954/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Regulatory Development Plan, Location Stand-
ards for RCRA (Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act) Hazardous Waste Facilities. Regula-
tory Development Plan. Rept. for 1984-85.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Dec 82,17p
The document identifies procedures to implement
Section 3004(o) of the Hazardous and Solid Waste
Amendments (HSWA) of 1984 which requires that
design and operating regulations be developed which
specify criteria for acceptable location of new and ex-
isting treatment, storage, and disposal facilities as nec-
essary to protect public health and the environment.
The Agency is required to publish specific guidance
criteria identifying areas of vulnerable hydrogeology by
May 1986.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, Standards, Regula-
tions, "Hazardous waste sites, Hazardous waste facili-
ties, Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments.
PB87-163242/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Guidance on Implementation of Minimum Techno-
logical Requirements of HSWA (Hazardous and
Solid Waste Amendments) of 1984, Respecting
Liners and Leachate Collection Systems Reau-
thorization Statutory Interpretation No.5D. Rept.
for 1984-85.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
24 May 85,31 p* EPA/ 530-SW-85-012
The purpose of the document, and associated techni-
cal guidance documents, is to provide further interpre-
tation of the minimum technological requirements
found in Section 3004(0) and 3015 of the statute as
they relate to liners and leachate collection system.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, "Liners, "Earth fills,
Regulations, Waste disposal, Solid wastes, Guidance,
"Land disposal, "Hazardous wastes, "Leachate col-
lection systems, Hazardous and Solid Waste Amen-
dent, Surface impoundments, Waste piles.
PB87-163481/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Solvent Waste Volumes and Characteristics, Re-
quired Treatment and Recycling Capacity, and
Available Treatment and Recycling Capacity.
Background Document for Solvents to Support 40
CFR Part 268, Land Disposal Restrictions. Final
rept. 1981-86.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Nov 86,229p*
Contract EPA-68-01-7053
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The document discusses the volumes and characteris-
tics of hazardous solvent waste affected by Land Dis-
posal Restrictions Evaluates the requiried treatment
and recycling capacity, and identifies the unused
(available) capacity of alternative treatment and recy-
cling technologies for those solvent wastes. From the
RIA (Regulatory Impact Analysis) survey data, it was
estimated that a total of 2.894 billion gallons will be af-
fected by the restrictions and require alternative treat-
ment and recycling capacity.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Waste treatment,
Regulations, Waste disposal, Sludge, Technology,
"Land disposal, "Liquid waste disposal.
PB87-164372/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Photochemical Modeling of Methanol-Use Scenar-
ios in Philadelphia. Final rept.,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
G. Z. Whitten, N. Yonkow, and T. C. Myers. Mar 86,
136p EPA/460/3-86/001
Contract EPA-68-02-3870
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Ann
Arbor, Ml. Emission Control Technology Div.
A photochemical modeling study was conducted to es-
timate the impact on smog production resulting from
the substitution of methanol fuel for gasoline and
diesel fuel in Philadelphia in the year 2000. Three pho-
tochemical models were used: a comprehensive grid
model adapted from the Urban Airshed Model (UAM),
a four-cell trajectory model (a Lagrangian version of
the UAM), and a single-cell box model. Emission rates,
initial conditions, and boundary values were forecast to
the year 2000. Model sensitivity tests indicate that
methanol substitution above 20 percent of the overall
Volatile Organic Compound inventory may significantly
inhibit smog formation, but the reduction also depends
strongly on other factors such as formaldehyde emis-
sions, methanol carryover from upwind sources or pre-
vious days, and NOx levels. Whereas formaldehyde
emissions tend to accelerate ozone formation, metha-
nol carryover and NOx emissions tend to decrease
ozone formation.
Keywords: "Photochemical reactions, "Carbinols,
"Smog, Models, Fuels, Exhaust emissions, Motor vehi-
cles, Methyl alcohol, Ozone, Air pollution, 'Methanol,
Philadelphia(Pennsylvania), Volatile organic com-
pounds.
PB87-165080/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Lindane: Position Document No. 2/3.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jun 80, 194p EPA/540/9-87/153
See also PB80-213861, and PB87-165098.Portions of
this document are not fully legible.
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
"Toxicology, Insecticides, Chlorine aliphatic com-
pounds, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory animals, Tox-
icity, Exposure, Regulations, "Chlorobenzenes, 'Toxic
substances, 'Lindane, Health risks, Pesticide resi-
dues, Path of pollutants, Mutagenesis, Uncogenesls,
Bioaccumulation, Physiological effects.
PB87-165098/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Lindane: Position Document 4.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Oct 83,161p EPA/540/9-87/154
See also PB87-165080.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
'Toxicology, Insecticides, Chlorine aliphatic com-
pounds, Residues, Laboratory animals, Toxicity, Expo-
sure. Regulations, Ecology, 'Lindane, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Health risks, Environmental effects. Path of
pollutants, Mutagenesis, Oncogenesis, Bioaccumula.
tion, Physiological effects.
PB87-165205/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Response of Benthic Ecosystems to Deep Ocean
Sewage Outfalls In Hawaii: A Nutrient Cycling Ap-
Broach to Biological Impact Assessment and
lonltoring,
Hawaii Inst, of Marine Biology, Honolulu.
S. V. Smith, and S. J. Dollar. Mar 87,184p EPA/600/3.
87/006,, ERLN-NX02
Grant EPA-R-811180
See also PB81-135436. Sponsored by Environmental
Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
The report describes the nutrient budgets, benthic me-
tabolism and community structures observed around
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
authors conclude that, at an ecosystem management
level, the overall effect of effluent on benthic and pe-
lagic ecosystems off Oahu is clearly insignificant -- pri-
marily as a result of effective dispersal and dilution.
Keywords: 'Benthos, "Outfall sewers, "Sewage dis-
posal, 'Hawaii, Nutrients, Metabolism, Ecology, Dilu-
tion, Dispersing, Oahu Island, Sediments, Environmen-
tal impacts, Particle size, Tables(Data), Flow charts.
Ocean waste disposal, Ocean dumping, Marine waste
disposal, Ecosystems.
PB87-165213/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Minnesota 1973 Atmospheric Boundary Layer Ex-
periment: Mlcrometeorologlcal and Tracer Data
Archieve. Set 1 (Revision 2) Documentation
Report. Final rept.,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
R. K. Woodruff, J. G. Droppo, and C. S. Glantz. Mar 87,
23p EPA/600/3-87/005
Contract EPA-68-02-4063
Supersedes PB85-243152. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
An archive for micrometeorological and tracer disper-
sion data has been developed by Battelle, Pacific
Northwest Laboratories for the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. The archive is designed to make
the results of extensive field tests readily accessible to
EPA for model testing, development, and verification
efforts. The report provides documentation for one of
the archived data sets, The Minnesota 1973 Boundary
Layer Experiment. The aim of the effort is to archive in-
valuable data sets in a timely fashion before the nec-
essary supporting information about the data becomes
lost forever. The entries in the documentation report
are as follows: data set fact summary, a narrative de-
scription of experiment and data, special information,
references, a description of archive data files, contacts
(names, addresses, and phone numbers) and stand-
ard experiment summary table. Revision 2 includes
previously unpublished rawinsonde profile data.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric circulation, 'Boundary
layers, Minnesota, Experimental design, Meteorology,
Field tests, Mathematical models, Tables(Data), Wind
velocity, Air pollution, Meteorological balloons, 'Tracer
studies, 'Atmospheric dispersion.
PB87-165239/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Development of VOST (Volatile Organic Sampling
Train) Sample Analysis Protocol for Water-Solu-
ble Volatile POHCs (Principal Organic Hazardous
Constituents) and PICs (Products of Incomplete
Combustion). Final rept. Dec 84-Oct 85,
Envirodyne Engineers, Inc., St. Louis, MO.
M. H. Owens, S. A. Mooney, and T. Lachajczyk. Feb
87.110p EPA/600/8-87/008
Contract EPA-68-02-3697
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of a literature review and labo-
ratory research associated with applying the volatile
organic sampling train (VOST) to the sampling and
analysis of water-soluble, volatile, principal organic
hazardous constituents (POHCs) and products of in-
complete combustion (PICs). The collection efficiency
of each component of the VOST was established for
each compound. The accuracy of current analytical
methods for analysis of volatile POHCs and PICs when
applied to volatile, water-soluble POHCs and PICs was
determined. New analytical techniques were devel-
oped and evaluated against existing methods. Modifi-
cations to the existing method of analysis (EPA
Method 624) which were evaluated include elevating
the purge temperature from the standard (20 deg C) to
60 deg C, adding g of either sodium chloride or sodium
sulfate salt to the sample before purging, and a combi-
nation of both modifications. These modifications im-
proved purge efficiency by about 100% or more for the
compounds analyzed.
Keywords: 'Combustion products, Accuracy, 'Volatile
organic sampling train, 'Air pollution sampling, Princi-
pal organic hazardous constituents, Stationary
sources.
PB87-165247/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Guidelines for the Culture of Fathead Minnows
'Plmephales promelas' for Use in Toxicity Teste,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. S. Denny. Jan 87, 51p EPA/600/3-87/001
The paper describes the mechanical apparatus and bi-
ological techniques now in use to culture fathead min-
nows (Pimephales promelas) at the US Environmental
Protection Agency's Environmental Research Labora-
tory in Duluth, Minnesota. Physical system information
includes water supply, construction materials, water
temperature, photoperiod, and the water delivery
system. The biological section addresses the selection
of spawning fish, incubation of embryos, larval and
adult feeding, disease, and gene pool considerations.
The document is meant to be a guide for those inter-
ested in culturing fathead minnows for use in fish toxi-
cology research.
Keywords: "Minnows, 'Aquaculture, 'Toxicity, Equip-
ment, Methodology, Laboratory animals, Environmen-
tal tests, Research, Fathead minnows, Pimephales
promelas.
PB87-16S2S4/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Summary of the 1985 EPA (Environmental Protec-
tion Agency) National Performance Audit Pro-
§ram on Source Measurements. Final rept.,
nvironmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Div.
E. W. Streib, T. J. Logan, and M. R. Midgett. Dec 86,
49p EPA/600/4-87/001
See also PB86-176401.
In 1985, the Quality Assurance Division conducted the
National Audits for Stationary Source Test Methods.
The audit materials consisted of: a disposable gas cyl-
inder for Method 3 (Orsat analyzer), a calibrated orifice
for Method 5 (DGM only), five simulated liquid samples
each for Method 6 (S02) and Method 7 (NOx), and two
coal samples for Method 19A. Participating laborato-
ries sent their data to the Source Branch and in return
received a written report comparing their results to
EPA's. In the Method 3 audit, each parameter had only
one concentration. The mean for C02 was 4.0% from
the expected (EPA) value. The mean for 02 was 0.4%.
In the Method 5 audit, the mean value for all partici-
pants differed by 10.6% from the expected value. For
the Method 6 audit, the average mean differed by 10%
from the expected value, and in the Method 7 audit the
average mean differed by 4.0%. In the two coal audits,
the parameters measured were sulfur, moisture, ash,
and Btu content. On the average for the sulfur analy-
sis, 87% of the participants measured within 10% of
the expected value; for Btu, 98% of the participants
measured within 10% of the expected value.
Keywords: "Auditing, 'Quality assurance, 'Gas analy-
sis, Chemical analysis, Sampling, Combustion prod-
ucts, Industrial wastes, Concentration(Composition),
'Air pollution detection, 'National Performance Audit
Program.
PB87-165262/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Intercomparlson of Sampling Techniques for
Toxic Organic Compounds In Indoor Air. Final rept.
Mar 85-Sep 86,
Battelle Columbus Div., OH.
C. W. Spicer, M. W. Holdren, L. E. Slivon, R. W.
Coutant, and D. S. Shadwick. Mar 87,146p EPA/600/
4-87/008
Contract EPA-68-02-3745
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
People spend a major fraction of their time indoors,
and there is concern over exposure to volatile organic
compounds present in indoor air. The study was initiat-
ed to compare several VOC sampling techniques in an
indoor environment. The techniques which were com-
pared include distributive air volume sampling, high
and low rate passive sampling, and whole air collection
in canisters. The study focused on ten target com-
pounds: chloroform, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, Benzene,
bromodichloromethane, trichloroethylene, toluene, te-
trachloroethylene, styrene, p-dichlorobenzene and
hexachlorobutadiene. Altogether, ten separate 12-
hour sampling experiments were conducted. Two ex-
periments sampled the background air of the resi-
dence. For the other eight experiments, the indoor air
was spiked with the target compounds. Statistical
analysis of the results indicates generally high correla-
tion coefficients (greater than 0.90) between the meth-
ods. The most notable exception was benzene, which
had lower correlation coefficients. In general, the dis-
tributed air volume sampling technique measure con-
centrations less than or equal to the canister method.
Keywords: Air pollution, Organic compounds,
Concentration(Composition), Chemical analysis, Chlo-
roform, Benzene, Toluene, "Air sampling, 'Volatile or-
ganic compounds, "Indoor air pollution, "Toxic sub-
stances, Ethane/trichloro, Methane/bromo-dichloro,
Ethylene/trichloro, Ethylene/tetrachloro, Styrene,
Benzene/dichloro, Butadiene/hexachloro.
PB87-165270/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Retorted Oil Shale as a Liner Materi-
al for Retorted Shale Disposal Sites. Final rept.
June 81-Dec 86,
Denver Research Inst., CO.
W. J. Culbertson, C. H. Habenicht, and J. D. Mote. Feb
87,150p EPA/600/7-87/008
Grant EPA-R-809233
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of a study considering the pos-
sibility of using a spent oil shale itself as a water barrier
or liner beneath a spent oil shale waste enbankment.
Pertinent properties of unburned Tosco II spent shale
and an average mixture of Lurgi spent shale nave been
measured. Materials consisting of 1, 20, and 30%
burned spent Tosco shale admixed into unburned
Tosco II shale have also been considered. Two auto-
clave mellowed materials admixed into their respective
unmellowed spent shales have also been studied. The
work indicates the difficulty of having both easy self
healing and low permeability of the unmellowed Tosco
materials and mixtures thereof, as well as perhaps the
unmellowed Lurgi spent shale. Autoclave mellowing of
the burned Tosco material, however, produced a high
plasticity index material that may be blended with the
silty unburned Tosco II spent shale to produce a liner
having (at least in the short term) both low permeability
and good self-healing possibilities.
Keywords: 'Linings, 'Oil shale, "Waste disposal, 'Pol-
lution control, 'Stationary sources, Retorting, Water
barriers.
PB87-165288/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Companies That Generate Hazardous Waste and
Ship It Off-Site: 1985 Annual Report.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Land Pollution Control.
Dec 86,286p IEPA/LPC-87/005
See also PB87-165296.
List of companies located in Illinois that generate haz-
ardous waste regulated under the Resource Conser-
vation Recovery Act (RCRA) and who ship it to another
company for storage, treatment, or disposal. Included
in each company's listing is their address, telephone
number, county, ID numbers (IEPA and USEPA), and
the amount of waste shipped off-site in 1985 in both
gallons and tons. Companies are arranged by county
of location. Also included is a copy of the reporting
form with instructions, which describes who must
report and the criteria for determining what waste they
must report.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial wastes,
Illinois, Storage, Waste treatment, Waste disposal,
'Hazardous wastes.
PB87-165296/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Companies That Treat, Store, and Dispose of Haz-
ardous Waste: 1985 Annual Report,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Land Pollution Control.
G. T. Zak, and H. A. Wright. Dec 86,108p IEPA/LPC-
87/006
See also PB87-165288.
Lists of companies located in Illinois that store, treat,
or dispose of hazardous waste regulated under RCRA.
Two listings are included. The first is arranged by
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
county of location and includes addresses, ID numbers
(IEPA and USEPA), and the handling method. The
second is alphabetic and includes address, county, ID
numbers (IEPA and USEPA), and the amount of waste
in both gallons and tons for each handling method.
Also included is a copy of the reporting form with in-
structions, which describes who must report and the
criteria for determing what wastes they must report.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Waste treatment,
•Storage, 'Waste disposal, Illinois, Industrial wastes,
•Hazardous wastes.
P087-1654Q3/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Exploration, Development, and Production of
Crude Oil and Natural Gas. (Technical Report).
Field Sampling and Analytical Results,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
B. Hall. 31 Jan 87,131p* EPA/530/SW-87/005
See also Appendix A, PB87-165411.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reg-
ulates or makes determinations as to whether to regu-
late the oil and gas extraction industry under several
major environmental statutes. These statutes include
the Clean Water Act, the Safe Drinking Water Act, and
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, which
uses information from the study under Section
8002(m). The purpose of the technical report is to
present the findings of the field sampling and analysis
project conducted on wastes associated with explora-
tion, development, and production activities of crude
oil and natural gas. The report presents the analytical
methods, role and function of the Sampling Control
Center, list of analyzes, and the sampling plan and
sampling quality assurance quality control plan.
Keywords: "Crude oil, "Natural gas, "Exploration,
"Chemical analysis, Wastes, Sampling, Water pollu-
tion control, Quality control, Quality assurance, Sites.
Concentration(Composition), Development, Produc-
tion, 'Environmental monitoring, 'Pollution control,
•Field sampling, Pollutants, Procedures, Solid wastes,
Liquid wastes.
PB87-165411/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Exploration, Development and Production of
Crude Oil and Natural Gas (Technical Report). Ap-
pendix A. Analytical Results,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
B. Hall. 31 Jan 87, 749p* EPA/530/SW-87/005A
See also PB87-165403, and Appendix B, PB87-
165429.
The appendix provides a listing of analytical data for all
of the sites sampled in the project.
Keywords: 'Crude oil, 'Natural gas, "Exploration,
"Chemical analysis, Concentration(Composltion),
Tables(Data), Organic compounds, Sites, Develop-
ment, Production, 'Field sampling, Pollution control.
PB87-165429/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Exploration, Development, and Production of
Crude Oil and Natural Gas (Technical Report). Ap-
pendix B. Sampling Strategy,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
B. Hall. 31 Jan 87, 43p* EPA/530/SW-87/005B
See also Appendix A, PB87-165411, and Appendix C,
PB87-165437.
The appendix presents the EPA strategy for sampling
wastes from oil and gas exploration, development, and
production. The document also presents the sampling
project objectives, the sampling design, the develop-
ment of a concept of geographical 'zones' with
common characteristics, and the details of selection of
samples sites.
Keywords: 'Crude oil, 'Natural gas, 'Exploration,
Chemical analysis, Design, Sampling, Wastes, Sites,
Development, Production, 'Environmental monitoring,
"Sampling strategy, Environment pollution, Geographi-
cal zones.
PB87-165437/HSU	PC A99/MF E06
Exploration, Development, and Production of
Crude Oil and Natural Gas (Technical Report). Ap-
pendix C. Sampling Reports. Volume 1 and
Volume 2,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
B. Hall. 31 Jan 87, 995p* EPA/530/SW-87/005C
See also Appendix B, PB87-165429, and Appendix D,
PB87-165445.
The appendix is comprised of sampling reports for
each site visited during the field sampling portion of the
project. There are 46 reports, including 44 sampling re-
ports and 2 reconnaissance reports.
Keywords: 'Crude oil, 'Natural gas, "Exploration, 'En-
vironmental surveys, Sampling, Chemical analysis,
Sites, Concentration(Composition), Soil chemistry.
Permits, Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), Development,
Production, "Sampling reports, 'Environmental moni-
toring, "Pollution control, Solid wastes, Liquid wastes.
PB87-165445/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Exploration, Development, and Production of
Crude Oil and Natural Gas (Technical Report). Ap-
pendix D. Analytical Methods,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
B. Hall. 31 Jan 87,467p* EPA/530/SW-87/005D
See also Appendix C, PB87-165437, and Appendix E,
PB87-165452.Portions of this document are not fully
legible.
The appendix describes the various methods em-
ployed by EPA to analyze the samples.
Keywords: "Crude oil, 'Natural gas, "Chemical analy-
sis, Exploration, Wastes, Hazardous materials, Chro-
matographic analysis, Spectroscopic analysis, Materi-
als handling, Extraction, Collection, Exploration, Pro-
duction, Development, "Pollutants, Environmental
monitoring, "EPA methods, Protocols.
PB87-165452/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Exploration, Development, and Production of
Crude Oil and Natural Gas (Technical Report). Ap-
pendix E. Role and Function of EPA (Environmen-
tal Protection Agency) Sample Control Center,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
B. Hall. 31 Jan 87, 343p* EPA/530/SW-87/005E
See also Appendix D, PB87-165445, and Appendix F,
PB87-165460.
The Industrial Technology Division (ITD) of EPA has
created the Sample Control Center to ensure the or-
derly flow of samples and analytical data through the
sampling, analysis and quality assurance system. The
appendix gives the purposes and objectives of the
Sample Control Center and an overview of the oper-
ations conducted by the Center.
Keywords: 'Crude oil, 'Natural gas, 'Exploration,
'Chemical analysis, Procedures, Tables(Data), Quality
assurance,	Quality	control,
Concentration(Composition), Organic chemicals, 'Pol-
lution control, 'Environmental monitoring, Sample
control center, Field sampling, EPA methods.
PB87-165460/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Exploration, Development, and Production of
Crude Oil and Natural Gas (Technical Report). Ap-
pendix F. List of Analytes,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
B. Hall. 31 Jan 87,112p* EPA/530/SW-87/005F
See also Appendix E, PB87-165452, and Appendix G,
PB87-165478.
The appendix presents ITD/RCRA compound data. It
also includes a list of analytes ordered by chemical ab-
stracts service registry number and a list of analytes
ordered by the analysis type.
Keywords: 'Crude oil, 'Natural gas, 'Exploration,
'Chemical compounds. Chemical analysis,
Tables(Data), CAS no, Chemical nomenclature, Com-
pound data.
PB87-165478/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Exploration, Development, and Production of
Crude Oil and Natural Gas (Technical Report). Ap-
pendix G. Sampling Plan and Sampling Quality As-
surance/Quality Control,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
B. Hall. 21 Jan 87, 55p* EPA/530/SW-87/005G
See also Appendix F, PB87-165460.
The appendix presents the sampling plan and the
quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) plan for the
Office of Solid Waste/Office of Water Regulations.
Keywords: 'Crude oil, 'Natural gas, 'Chemical analy-
sis, 'Quality assurance, 'Quality control, Sampling,
Water pollution control, "Field sampling, Pollution con-
trol, Solid wastes.
PB87-165486/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Enumeration, Transport and Survival of Bacteria
Attached to Granular Activitated Carbon in Drink-
ing Water,
Montana State Univ., Bozeman.
G. A. McFeters, A. K. Camper, D. G. Davies, S. C.
Broadaway, and M. W. LeChevallier. C1985,14p EPA/
600/D-87/063
Grant EPA-R-810015
Pub. in Proc. of American Water Works Assoc. Water
Quality Tech. Conf., Houston, TX. p473-482 1985.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The surfaces of granular activated carbon (GAC),
sand, and anthracite particles were found to be popu-
lated to the same levels with heterotrophic plate count
(HPC) bacteria. GAC supported a greater number of
Klebsiella oxytoca than the other two filter media. In a
study of operating drinking water filters, GAC-filtered
water contained particles with attached HPC and coli-
form bacteria to a greater extent than sand and anthra-
cite treated waters. Statistical analyses revealed that
GAC age does not affect the occurrence of populated
filter particles in the filtered water. However, greater
GAC bed depth, increased applied water turbidity, and
elevated filtration rate all were implicated in the pres-
ence of populated filtration media particles in drinking
water. (Copyright (c) Proc. of American Water Works
Assoc. Water Quality Tech Conf., Houston, TX, 12/8-
11/85, p. 473-482.)
Keywords: "Activated carbon treatment, 'Bacteria,
'Potable water, Filtration, Water treatment, Granular
materials, Klebsiella, Coliform bacteria, Population
growth, Statistical analysis, Meetings, Reprints, Heter-
otrophs.
PB87-165494/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Science Applications International Corp., Narragan-
sett, Rl.
Lagranglan-Eulerlan Approach to Modeling Con-
taminants. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
J. F. Paul, H. A. Walker, and J. A. Nocito. C1986,12p
EPA/600/D-87/064, CONTRIB-786
Pub. in Water Forum '86: World Water Issues in Evolu-
tion, v2 p1301-1308 Aug 86. Sponsored by Science
Applications International Corp., Narragansett, Rl.
A Lagrangian-Eulerian modeling approach predicts po-
tential contaminant distributions resulting from the dis-
posal of sewage sludge at the Deepwater Municipal
Disposal Site off the northeast United States continen-
tal shelf. The Lagrangian aspect involves Monte-Carlo
simulations of particle trajectories to determine solids
concentration. The Eulerian aspect is the calculation
of contaminant distributions using the Eulerian con-
vective-diffusive equation. (Copyright (c) American So-
ciety of Civil Engineers, 1986.)
Keywords: 'Contaminants, 'Waste disposal, 'Water
pollution, Mathematical models, Distribution)Property),
Concentration(Composition), United States, Continent
tal shelves, 'Sewage sludge, "Environmental trans-
port.
PB87-165551/HSU	PC A25/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Acid Precipitation in North America: 1984 Annual
Data Summary from Acid Deposition System Data
Base,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
A. R. Olsen, and A. L. Slavich. Dec 86, 576p EPA/600/
4-86/033
Contract DE-AC06-76RLO-1830
See also report for 1983, PB86-166345. Sponsored by
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC., and Department of Energy, Washing-
ton, DC.
The report gives a summary of 1984 wet deposition
precipitation chemistry data collected in North America
and available in the Acid Deposition System (ADS)
data base. North American wet deposition monitoring
networks with data in ADS are NADP/NTN, CANSAP,
APN, UAPSP, MAP3S/PCN, WISC, and APIOS. An
overview of each network is given. Annual statistical
summaries for 1984 are provided for pH, specific con-
ductance, hydrogen ion (derived from pH), and the ion
species sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, calcium, chloride,
sodium, magnesium and potassium. Based on the
annual summaries, 1984 North American spatial iso-
pleth maps are constructed for precipitation weighted
mean pH, sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium ion concen-
trations, and annual deposition of hydrogen, sulfate
and nitrate and ammonium ion species.
Keywords: "Information systems, "Air pollution, pH,
ion, Sulfates, Inorganic nitrates, Ammonia, Data, Sam-
pling, North American, *Acid Deposition System, 'Acid
rain, Wet deposition.
PB87-165619/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab,
Evaluation of Thirteen Spill Response Technol-
ogies. Final rept. Mar 83-Sep 85,
Science Applications International Corp., McLean, VA.
M. L. Evans, and H. A. Carroll. Mar 87,96p* EPA/600/
2-87/019
Contract EPA-68-03-3113
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Thirteen spill response devices, concepts, or proto-
types, developed under previous contracts to the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency for detection, con-
tainment, and cleanup of chemicals, were evaluated
by potential users and manufacturers. The main goal
of the project was to inform potential users and manu-
facturers of the existence and technical functions of
each concept, device, or prototype; its stage of devel-
opment; and its intended uses. The evaluations in the
report were offered by potential users and manufactur-
ers after they examined the devices or the available
technical literature on the devices. The 13 devices in-
cluded: the capture and containment bag; the cholin-
esterase antagonist monitors (CAM-1 and CAM-4); the
emergency collection system; foamed concrete; the
insoluble sinkers detectors; the ha2ardous materials
Identification kit (HMIDK); the lactate dehydrogenase
(LDH) test method; the leak plugger; the oxidation/re-
duction field test kit; the particle size analyzer; the sor-
bent oil recovery system; vapor control coolants; and
vapor control foams. The activities used to inform po-
tential users and manufacturers about the devices in-
cluded presentations, mailings, exhibits at confer-
ences, and publications in trade magazines. In addi-
tion, value engineering analyses were performed for
two prototypes. These activities resulted in many valu-
able comments from potential users and manufactur-
ers which may be beneficial to future development pro-
grams for these and similar devices. The study gener-
ated a high degree of interest in most of the proto-
types.
Keywords: "Detectors, Monitors, Containment, Detec-
tion, Technology, 'Hazardous materials spills, 'Pollu-
tion control equipment. Chemical spills, State of the
art. Oil pollution, Emergency response.
PB87-165627/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Vapor/Liquid Equilibria of Constituents from Coal
Gasification in Refrigerated Methanol. Final rept.
Sep 84-Dec 85,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. Dept. of Chemi-
cal Engineering.
T Chang, R. M. Rousseau, and J. K. Ferrell. Feb 87,
147p EPA/600/7-87/004
Grant EPA-R-809317
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report describes a thermodynamic framework, es-
tablished for the development of a model of the phase
equilibria of mixtures of methanol and the major con-
stituents found in gases produced from coal. Two ap-
proaches were used to model the equilibrium behavior:
(1) an equation of state was used to describe both gas
and liquid phases, and (2) an equation of state was
used to describe the gas while a solution model involv-
ing activity coefficients was used to describe the liquid.
The approach chosen for each species was based on
the component volatility. An experimental apparatus
was constructed to obtain data against which the
model predictions could be tested. The comparison
was favorable. P-T-x-y data on mixtures of C02, meth-
anol, and water, and mixtures of C02, nitrogen, and
methanol at temperatures in a range of -30 to 25 C and
pressures up to 54 atm (5472 kPa) were obtained.
Comparisons of the calculated and measured values
of bubble point pressures and/or liquid compositions
of the dissolved gases were satisfactory.
Keywords: 'Coal gasification, Methanol, Tables(Data),
Equations of state, 'Liquid vapor equilibrium.
PB87-166203/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Use of Models in Managing Ground-Water Protec-
tion Programs,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
J. F. Keely. Jan 87,84p EPA/600/8-87/003
Mathematical models can be helpful tools to managers
of ground-water protection programs. They may be
used for testing hypotheses about conceptualizations
and to gather a fuller understanding of important physi-
cal, chemical and biological processes which affect
ground-water resources. The possible outcomes of
complex problems can be addressed in great detail, if
adequate data are available. The success of these ef-
forts depends on the accuracy and efficiency with
which the natural processes controlling the behavior of
ground water, and the chemical and biological species
it transports, are simulated.
Keywords: 'Protection, 'Ground water, Mathematical
models, Project planning, Physical properties, Chemi-
cal properties, Microorganisms, Dispersing, Radioac-
tive wastes, Cost analysis, Superfund.
PB87-166211/HSU	PC A02/MF AOt
Receptor Modeling Study of Denver Winter Haze.
Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
C. W. Lewis, R. E. Baumgardner, R. K. Stevens, andG.
M. Russwurm. C1986,13p EPA/600/J-86/262
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v20
n11 p1126-1136 Nov 86. Prepared in cooperation with
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A multiple regression single element tracer method
was used to estimate source contributions to fine and
coarse aerosol mass and light extinction, measured in
Denver during January 1982. Motor vehicles were the
largest contributor to average fine particle mass (42%)
and daytime light extinction (47%). Electric power gen-
eration was next largest, at 23% and 44%, respective-
ly. Estimates were generally similar to those of the
comprehensive field study conducted by General
Motors Research Laboratory in late 1978, but with a
somewhat enhanced motor vehicle contribution com-
pared with the 1978 results. Notable differences from
the 1978 results Included a reduced value for b(sup
ap)/b(sub sp) (0.24), a reduced value for the ratio of
elemental carbon to fine particle carbon (0.23), and an
absence of non-sulfate sulfur in the fine mass fraction.
The differences are in the direction of lessening the
distinctiveness of Denver relative to other U.S.
airsheds.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Aerosols, Particle size,
Winter, Sources, 'Particulates, Denver(Colorado).
PB67-166229/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Intercomparlson of High-Volume PM10 Samplers
at a Site with High Particulate Concentrations.
Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
L. J. Purdue, C. E. Rodes, K. A. Rehme, D. M. Holland,
and A. E. Bond. 1986,6p EPA/600/J-86/260
Pub. in Jnl. of Air Pollution control Association, v36 n8
p917-920 Aug 86.
Commercially available high-volume PM10 samplers
were intercompared at a site in Phoenix characterized
by high concentrations of coarse particles. Over a 21-
day period, SierraAndersen 321A (SA 321 A) samplers
gave PM10 measurements 58% higher than the Wed-
ding IP10 (WED) samplers and 16% higher than a SA
321A sampler that had an oil coating on the internal
impaction surfaces of the inlet. WED samplers that
were subjected to a simple brush cleaning procedure
after each sampling period gave PM10 results 16%
higher than the WED samplers not subjected to clean-
ing. The oiled SA 321A sampler gave PM10 values
15% higher than the cleaned WED samplers. The re-
sults demonstrate that the SA 321A overestimates
PM10 when sampling in an environment with high
coarse particle concentrations. The over collection re-
sults from pass-through of large particles, and can be
minimized by oiling the internal impaction surfaces of
the inlet The WED sampler underestimates PM10
after several days of sampling in such an environment.
Keywords: Sites, Chemical analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Performance, Precision,
Reprints, "Air pollution sampling, 'Particulates.
PB87-166237/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Cryogenic Preconcentratlon-Direct FID (Flame
Ionization Detection) Method for Measurement of
Ambient NMOC (Nonmethane Organic Com-
pounds): Refinement and Comparison with GC
(Gas Chromatographic) Speciation. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
F. F. McEiroy, V. L. Thompson, D. M. Holland, W. A.
Lonneman, and R. L. Sella. 1986, 7p EPA/600/J-86/
261
Pub. in Jnl. of Air Pollution Control Association, v36 n6
p710-714 Jun 86.
A method for measuring total nonmethane organic
compounds (NMOC) in the atmosphere has been re-
fined to reduce measurement variability and evaluated
for possible use in connection with the control of hy-
drocarbon emissions. The method, a simplification of
the conventional gas chromatographic (GC) speciation
technique, uses cryogenic preconcentration and flame
ionization detection but does not use a GC column.
Tests to compare this simplified method to the GC
speciation technique, using actual ambient air sam-
ples, were carried out. Test results showed that the
sensitivity and precision of the simplified method ap-
proach those of the speciation technique. Other test
results verified that the use of stainless steel sample
canisters for collection and temporary storage of
NMOC samples is acceptable and contributes little ad-
ditional variability to the method.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Organic compounds,
Chromatographic	analysis,	Precision,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, "Air pollution
sampling.
PB87-16624S/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Overview of Hazardous/Toxic Waste Incineration.
Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
C. C. Lee, G. L. Huffman, and D. A. Oberacker. 1986,
12p EPA/600/J-86/281
Pub. in Jnl. of Air Pollution Control Association, v36 n8
P922-931, Aug 86.
Effective hazardous/toxic waste disposal and safe
dumpsite cleanup are two of EPA's major missions in
the 1980s. Incineration has been recognized as a very
efficient process to destroy the hazardous wastes gen-
erated by industry or by the dumpsite remediations.
The paper provides an Incineration Summary ranging
from discussion of broad regulatory and permitting re-
quirements through more detailed descriptions of typi-
cal incineration processes and monitoring techniques.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Incinerators, "Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Industrial wastes, Environmental en-
gineering, Regulations, Monitors, Reprints, 'Toxic haz-
ards, Pollution control.
PB87-166252/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Three-Dimensional Solutions for Solute Transport
in an Infinite Medium with Mobile and immobile
Zones. Journal article,
Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
M.N. Goto, and P. V. Roberts. c1986,11 p EPA/600/
J-86/231
Grant EPA-R-808851
Pub. in Water Resources Research, v22 n7 p1139-
1148 Jul 86. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environ-
mental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
Tailing of breakthrough responses, which has been ex-
perimentally observed during flow through porous
media, can be modeled by dividing the porous medium
into regions of mobile and immobile water, and cou-
pling the advective-dispersive solute transport equa-
tion with expressions to describe diffusional transfer
between the two regions. Three-dimensional solutions
to this coupled set of partial differential equations with
infinite boundary conditions are derived by applying
the Laplace transform to the equations with respect to
time, and the Fourier transform with respect to space.
The solutions presented herein may be useful in apply-
ing the two-region models to field settings. (Copyright
(c) 1986 by the American Geophysical Union.)
Keywords: 'Salutes, 'Organic compounds, 'Ground
water, 'Water pollution, Three dimensional flow, Ad-
vection, Mathematical models, Dispersing, Partial dif-
ferential equations, Diffusion, Reprints.
PB87-166260/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Disjunctive Kriging 3. Cokriging. Journal article,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
S. R. Yates. 1986, 8p EPA/600/J-86/232
Pub. in Water Resources Research, v22 n10 p1371-
1376 Sep 86.
The disjunctive kriging (DK) method described in the
first paper of this series is extended to account for
more than one random function. In the derivation con-
tained herein, two random functions are considered,
but this is easily generalized to any number. An exam-
ple is presented using disjunctive cokriging (DCK)
where the surface gravimetric moisture content is esti-
mated using the bare soil temperature as an auxiliary
random function. The results indicate that the DCK
procedure produces a better estimator than ordinary
cokriging in terms of reduced variance of errors and
exactness of estimation. Also, using DCK, an estimate
of the conditional probability that the level of a property
is greater than a known cutoff value can be obtained.
(Copyright (c) 1986 by the American Geophysical
Union.)
Keywords: 'Soil water, Random functions, Moisture
content, Soil properties, Temperature, Estimates, Re-
prints, 'Kriging, Disjunctive kriging method.
PB87-166278/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Survival of Indigenous Enteric Viruses during
Storage of Waste Water Sludge Samples. Journal
article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
C. J. Hurst, and T. Goyke. 1986, 6p EPA/600/J-86/
255
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Microbiology, v32 p645-648
Aug 86.
The stability of indigenous enteric viruses in samples
of settled primary and mixed-liquor activated sludges
was studied at 2, 23 and -70 deg C. Changes of virus
titer which occurred in these samples were followed
during an 84-day observation period, with rates of
change then calculated by least-squares regression.
Virus survival was found to be statistically dependent
(p less than or = to 0.05) upon storage temperature
but not sludge solids content. Based upon the ob-
served rates of inactivation, the average times which
would be required for a 90 percent decrease in virus
titer are 26 days at 23 deg C, 180 days at 2 deg C, and
163 days at -70 deg C. As a group, the rates of virus in-
activation observed at 2 deg C were statistically differ-
ent (p less than or = to 0.05) from those observed at
23 deg C, but not different from those observed at -70
deg C. The three study temperatures were selected to
approximate holding of samples in an air conditioned
room, on wet ice (H20), and on dry ice (C02).
Keywords: 'Waste water, "Sludge, 'Viruses, Entero-
viruses, Microorganisms, Survival, Reprints.
PB87-166286/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Optimization of Treatment Plant Operation. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
I. J. Kugelman, and J. M. Houthoofd. Jun 86, 5p EPA/
600/J-86/234
Pub. in Jnl. Water Pollution Control Federation 58, n6
P527-529 Jun 86. See also PB86-118486. Prepared in
cooperation with Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA. Center
for Marine and Environmental Studies.
The article was a literature review of articles published
in 1985 that related to the operation of wastewater
treatment plants. Topics covered included manage-
ment, operation, maintenance, training, process con-
trol, modeling, instrumentation, automation, and
energy savings. Fifty-two references were cited.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Industrial plant efficien-
cies, Waste water. Facilities management, Optimiza-
tion, Quality control, Maintenance standards, Industrial
training, Process control, Production models, Instru-
ments, Reviews, Reprints, Energy conservation.
PB87-166351/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparative Characterization of Organic Emis-
sions from Diesel Particles, Coke Oven Mains,
Roofing Tar Vapors and Cigarette Smoke Con-
densate. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. Williams, C. Sparacino, B. Petersen, J. Bumgarner,
and R. H. Jungers. C1986, 25p EPA/600/J-86/270
Pub. in International Jnl. of Environmental Analytical
Chemistry, v26 p27-49 1986. Prepared in cooperation
with Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC., Research Triangle Inst.,
Research Triangle Park, NC., and Battelle Columbus
Labs., OH.
The paper reports the characterization of the extracta-
bie organics from diesel particle emissions compared
to other complex organics which have been reported
to increase the risk of human lung cancer. Class frac-
tions of diesel, cigarette smoke condensate, roofing
tar, and coke oven extracts were obtained using liquid/
liquid partitioning and silica gel chromatography. Capil-
lary GC/MS was used to identify compounds in each
extract fraction. The manuscript reports the mass dis-
tribution after fractionation of each extract, all identi-
fied Traction components and quantification of select-
ed mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "Air pollution, 'Organic
compounds, Chromatographic analysis, Exhaust
gases, Tars, Reprints, Pollution sources, Smoking,
Coke oven chemicals.
PB87-166369/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Review and Evaluation of Current Design and
Management Practices for Land Treatment Units
Receiving Petroleum Wastes. Journal article,
Utah Water Research Lab., Logan.
J. P. Martin, R. C. Sims, and J. Matthews. c1986,22p
EPA/600/J-86/264
Pub. in Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials, v3
n3 p261-280 1986. Spionsored by Robert S. Kerr Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
The paper describes the land treatment practices used
by petroleum waste land treatment facilities in the U.S.
Information obtained for 13 full-scale land treatment
facilities included types of waste land treated, charac-
terization of land treated wastes, waste application
rates (loading rates), waste application frequencies,
and management practices used at the treatment
units. Engineering design matrices which illustrate the
relationships among waste application rate, applica-
tion frequency, and waste degradation rate, and the
effect of these parameters on stabilized concentra-
tions during the active life of a unit were developed.
Keywords: 'Crude oil, "Waste disposal, 'Hazardous
materials, Rates(Per time), Management, Design crite-.
ria, Degradation, Soil properties, Sites, Evaluation, Re-
prints, Land application.
PB87-166526/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Flexible Membrane Liner Seams
After Chemical Exposure and Simulated Weather-
ing,
Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, CO. Engineering and
Research Center.
W. R. Morrison, and L. D. Parkhill. Feb 87,297p EPA/
600/2-87/015
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Strength and durability were tested in presently avail-
able seaming systems for FML's (flexible membrane
liners). The seams were exposed to selected, simulat-
ed environmental conditions over short periods of up
to 52 weeks. A total of 37 combinations of supported
and unsupported polymeric sheet materials joined by
various seaming methods was subjected to 6 chemical
solutions, brine and water immersion, freeze/thaw cy-
cling, wet/dry cycling, heat aging, and accelerated out-
door aging. Effects of these environmental conditions
were evaluated using shear and peel strength tests
before and after exposure. The tests were performed
under dynamic load at room temperature and under
static dead load at 50 degrees C. In addition, several
NDT (nondestructive test) methods were evaluated.
Keywords: *Seams(Joints), "Linings, Artificial weather-
ing tests, Mechanical properties, Polymeric films,
Waste disposal, Shear tests, Exposure, Nondestruc-
tive tests, "FML(Flexible Membrane Liners), "Flexible
membrane liners.
PB87-166583/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
EAB (Economic Analysis Branch) Control Cost
Manual (Third Edition),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
W. M. Vatavuk, R. E. Jenkins, V. S. Katari, W. L. Klotz,
and J. D. McKenna. Feb 87,184p EPA/450/5-87/
001A
Supersedes PB80-157282.
The report provides design procedures and current
cost data for commonly used 'add-on' air pollution
control devices and auxiliary equipment. It supercedes
two EPA reports, both entitled Capital and Operating
Costs of Selected Air Pollution Control Systems: EPA-
450/3-76-014 (May 1976) and its revision, EPA-450/5-
80-002 (December 1978). This issuance of the Manual
contains five sections. Sections 1 ('Introduction') and 2
('Manual Estimating Methodology') present, respec-
tively, introductory material and a comprehensive, gen-
eral procedure for developing 'study' (+ or - 30% ac-
curate) control cost estimates. Sections 3 to 5 discuss
the applications, design, and cost estimating proce-
dures and data for thermal and catalytic incinerators,
carbon adsorbers, and fabric filters, respectively. This
issuance of the Manual will be followed by others as
more sections are completed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, "Cost
analysis, Air pollution economics, Capitalized costs
Operating costs, Electrostatic precipitars, Scrubbers'
Air filters, Incinerators, Absorbers(Equipment), Ad-
sorption, Refrigerating, Flares, Cost estimates, Fabric
filters, Venturi scrubbers.
PB87-166609/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Proceedings: Symposium on Flue Gas Desulfurt-
zation (10th) Held at Atlanta, Georgia en Novem-
ber 17-21, 1986. Volume 1,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
B. B. Emmel. Feb 87,419p* EPA/600/9-87/004A
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
See also Volume 2, PB87-166617, and PB86-138641
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, F)e-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab., and Electric Power Research Inst
Palo Alto, CA.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The proceedings document the Tenth Symposium on
Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD), held in Atlanta, GA,
November 17-21, 1986. The symposium, jointly spon-
sored by EPA and EPRI, had as its objective the ex-
change of technical information on FGD systems and
processes applicable to utility and industrial boilers.
Topics covered included: federal and state clean coal
programs, the commercial status of FGD, acid deposi-
tion issues, FGD economics, industrial applications of
FGD, and wet FGD additives (Volume 1); and wet FGD
operations and reliability, spray dryer FGD, dry FGD
technologies, and FGD by-product disposal and utiliza-
tion (Volume 2). The proceedings include 38 papers
and summaries of 17 poster session presentations.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Meetings, 'Boilers,
Flue gases, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Regulations, Electric power plants, Economic analysis,
State government, Waste disposal, National govern-
ment, Performance evaluations, Comparison, Forests,
Europe, Chemical compounds, Sulfur dioxide, Tech-
nology, * Air pollution abatement, "Acid rain, * Air qual-
ity, Flue gas desulfurization, Coal fired power plants,
Dual alkali scrubbing.
PB87-166617/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Proceedings: Symposium on Flue Gas Desulfuri-
zation (10th) Held at Atlanta, Georgia on Novem-
ber 17-21,1986. Volume 2,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
B. B. Emmel. Feb 87,409p* EPA/600/9-87/004B
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
See also Volume 1, PB87-166609, and PB86-138658.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab., and Electric Power Research Inst.,
Palo Alto, CA.
The proceedings document the Tenth Symposium on
Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD), held in Atlanta, GA,
November 17-21, 1986. The symposium, jointly spon-
sored by EPA and EPRI, had as its objective the ex-
change of technical information on FGD systems and
processes applicable to utility and industrial boilers.
Topics covered included: federal and state clean coal
programs, the commercial status of FGD, acid deposi-
tion issues, FGD economics, industrial applications of
FGD, and wet FGD additives (Volume 1); and wet FGD
operations and reliability, spray dryer FGD, dry FGD
technologies, and FGD by-product disposal and utiliza-
tion (Volume 2). The proceedings include 38 papers
and summaries of 17 poster session presentations.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Meetings, 'Boilers,
Flue gases, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Regulations, Electric power plants, Economic analysis,
State government, Waste disposal, National govern-
ment, Performance evaluations, Comparison, Forests,
Europe, Chemical compounds, Sulfur dioxide, Tech-
nology, *Air pollution abatement, 'Acid rain, 'Air qual-
ity, Rue gas desulfurization, Coal fired power plants,
Dual alkali scrubbing.
PB87-166682/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Design of a Graphite Element Drop-Tube Reactor
System for Study of S02 Removal by Injected
Limestone Sorbents. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
B. K. Gullett, G. C. Snow, J. A. Blom, and D. A.
Kirchgessner. C1986,8p EPA/600/J-86/273
Pub. in Review of Scientific Instruments, v57 n10
p2599-2604 Oct 86. Prepared in cooperation with
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park.NC.
The article describes the design and operation of a
graphite element drop-tube reactor system for a study
of the fundamental mechanisms and reaction rates of
S02 removal by high-temperature injection of lime-
stone-based sorbents. The reactor system is designed
for laminar flow in an environment that allows for con-
trol of reaction temperature, sorbent particle residence
time, and atmosphere composition. The sorbent injec-
tion system allows variable feed rates to as low as 1
mg/min. for particles as small as 1 micrometer in diam-
eter. The water-cooled sorbent collection system ar-
rests the high-temperature reaction upon capture and
allows analysis of the sorbent's efficiency of S02 cap-
ture and in situ particle size distribution. The results
presented show the reactivity of different types of sor-
bents at varying conditions of system operation.
Keywords: *Air pollution control equipment, "Sulfur di-
oxide, Sorbents, Limestone, Design, Reprints, 'Drop
tube reactors. Stationary sources.
PB87-166732/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Distribution System Microbiology: Disinfection
Resistance, Disinfection Interference and Sample
Variability. Journal article,
California Univ., Irvine.
B. H. Olson, R. L. Wolfe, M. H. Stewart, and W. C.
McCoy. C1985, 9p EPA/600/J-85/473
Pub. in Jnl. Association Pharmaceutique Francaise
pour L'Hydrologie, 16 p253-268 Sep 85. Prepared in
cooperation with Southern California Metropolitan
Water District, La Verne, and Rohm and Haas Co.,
Spring House, PA. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
Several new concepts have been recently recognized
as being increasingly important in water microbiology.
Among these are included: (1) the difference in disin-
fection resistance of bacteria exposed directly to the
disinfectant as opposed to those subcultured and then
exposed; (2) the variation of population resistance to
disinfection in situ; (3) the interference with chloramine
formation caused by natural aminoacids or polypep-
tides in eutrophic waters that decreases disinfection
efficiency; and, (4) the occurrence of discrete events
within the distribution system that make it difficult to
take representative samples. The paper presents data
from our laboratory on each of the above subjects.
(Copyright (c) J. Association Pharmaceutique Fran-
caise pour I'Hydrologie, 16:253-268, Sept. 1985.)
Keywords: 'Aquatic microbiology, 'Disinfection,
'Water distribution, Resistance, Bacteria, Sampling,
Amino acids, Peptides, Reprints, Chloramines.
PB67-166799/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Relationship Among Turbidity, Particle Counts
and Bacteriological Quality Within Water Distribu-
tion Lines. Journal article.
California Univ., Irvine.
W. F. McCoy, and B. H. Olson. C1986,9p
Grant EPA-R-809817
Pub. in Jnl. Water Research, v20 n8 p1023-1029,
1986. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research
Lab.
The turbidity standard for water quality was evaluated
in relation to total particle counts, heterotrophic plate
counts and epifluorescence direct cell counts of three
different municipal drinking-waters. Turbidity and parti-
cle counts were directly proportional. There was no
predictable relationship between bacteriological qual-
ity and turbidity or particle counts. Heterotrophic plate
counts underestimated epifluorescence direct cell
counts by a factor of at least 500. Water quality degra-
dation occurred in municipal drinking-water systems
because of intermittent short duration events that re-
sulted in high turbidity, particle counts and heterotro-
phic-plate counts. Further, for all parameters meas-
ured variability increased with distance traveled within
a pipe except for ground water.
Keywords: "Turbidity, 'Distribution systems, "Water
distribution, "Water pollution, Bacteriology, Particles,
Deterioration, Fluorescence, Counting methods, Pota-
ble water, Reprints, "Foreign technology, Drinking
water.
PB87-166807/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Impact of Drilling Fluids on Seagrasses: An Exper-
imental Community Approach (Journal Version),
University of West Florida, Pensacola. Dept. of Biol-
ogy-
R. D. Morton, T. W. Duke, J. M. Macauley, J. R. Clark,
and W. A. Price. c1986,16p EPA/600/D-87/069
Pub. in Community Toxicity Testing, ASTM STP 920,
p199-212 1986. See also PB85-212124. Sponsored by
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Effects of a used drilling fluid on an experimental sea-
grass community (Thalassia testudinum Konig et Sims)
were measured by exposing the community to the sus-
pended particulate phase (SPP) in laboratory micro-
cosms. Structure of the macroinvertebrate assem-
blage, growth and chlorophyll content of grass and as-
sociated epiphytes, and rates of decomposition as in-
dicated by weight loss of grass leaves in treated and
untreated microcosms were compared. There were
statistically significant differences in community struc-
ture and function among untreated microcosms and
those receiving the clay and drilling fluid. For example,
drilling fluid and clay caused a significant decrease in
the numbers of the ten most numerically abundant
(dominant) macroinvertebrates, and drilling fluid de-
creased the rate at which Thalassia leaves decom-
posed.
Keywords: "Drilling fluids, "Sea grasses, "Water pollu-
tion, Exposure, Growth, Chlorophylls, Clay soils, Inver-
tebrates, Leaves(Botany), Decomposition, Reprints,
Microcosms, Thalassia testuduim.
PB87-166815/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Sample Storage on a Copper-Spiked
Freshwater Sediment. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
K. W. Malueg, G. S. Schuytema, and D. F. Krawczyk.
1986,11 p EPA/600/J-86/276
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v5
P245-253 1986.
Freshwater sediment from an Oregon lake was spiked
with copper in the laboratory to study the effect of stor-
age on copper toxicity. Peat moss was added to en-
hance the carbon content of a portion of the sediment.
One-half of the sediment samples were stored at 5C
while the other half were frozen (-20C). At intervals up
to 25 weeks, samples were brought to 20C and 48-
hour toxicity tests were conducted in 1-liter beakers
(200 ml sediment, 800 ml water) using the cladoceran
Daphnia magna Straus. Copper released into the
water from the sediment stored at 5C increased over
the first 8 weeks of storage, then decreased. Freezing
the sediment attenuated the release of total soluble
copper into the overlying water, resulting in low or no
toxicity to daphnids. Freezing is not recommended as
a storage procedure because of its undependability in
preserving sediment integrity for toxicity tests.
Keywords: 'Freshwater, 'Sediments, 'Toxicity, Stor-
age, Copper, Daphnia, Freezing, Reprints.
PB87-166823/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Performance, Analysis and Simulation of a Two-
Well Tracer Test at the Mobile Site. Journal article,
Auburn Univ., AL. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
F. J. Molz, O. Gueven, J. G. Melville, R. D. Crocker,
and K. T. Matteson. 1986,9p EPA/600/J-86/228
Grant EPA-R-810704
Pub. in Water Resources Research, v22 n7 p1031-
1037 Jul 86. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environ-
mental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
Single-well tracer tests in conjunction with multi-level
observation wells were performed by Auburn Universi-
ty during the summer of 1984. The purpose of the tests
was to determine the vertical variation of horizontal hy-
draulic conductivity in a confined aquifer. The results,
which involved a tracer travel distance of 5.5 m, indi-
cated that the hydraulic conductivity varied by about a
factor of four throughout the aquifer thickness. During
the late summer of 1984, a two-well tracer test was
performed which Involved travel distances of 38 m to
99 m. A bromide tracer slug was injected at one well
while groundwater was simultaneously pumped from
the other well. The two-well test, which required 32
days to complete, was then simulated by GeoTrans,
Inc. using a 3-dimensional (3-D) advection-disperson
model with a longitudinal dispersivity of 0.15 m, a
transverse dispersivity of 0.05 m, and the permeability
distribution measured independently in the single-well
tests.
Keywords: "Aquifers, 'Hydraulic conductivity, 'Obser-
vation wells, Tests, Thickness, Bromide, Mathematical
models, Three dimensional flow, Ground water, Per-
meability, Dispersing, Hydrodynamics, Injection wells,
Flow distribution, Reprints, Tracer studies.
PB87-166831/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Simulations of Two-Well Tracer Tests in Stratified
Aquifers at the Chalk River and the Mobile Sites.
Journal article,
GeoTrans, Inc., Herndon, VA.
P. S. Huyakorn, P. F. Andersen, F. J. Molz, O. Gueven,
and J. G. Melville. c1986,17p EPA/600/J-86/229
Grant EPA-R-810704-02
Pub. in Water Resources Research, v22 n7 p1016-
1030 Jul 86. Prepared in cooperation with Auburn
Univ., AL. Dept. of Civil Engineering. Sponsored by
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
A simulation of two-well injection-withdrawal tracer
tests in stratified granular aquifers is presented for two
widely separated sites substantially different in terms
of vertical distributions of hydraulic conductivity, well
spacings, flow rates, test durations and tracer travel
distances. Simulations of these tests were performed
in three dimensions using the curvilinear finite element
model developed in the previous paper of this series.
The simulations incorporated measured vertical vari-
ations in relative hydraulic conductivity and local dis-
persivity values that are small fractions (between 1/
1000 and 1/100) of the spacing between the injection
and the withdrawal wells. The local dispersivities are
used to account for local hydrodynamic dispersion and
are chosen independently so that they are not affected
by the scales of the test. For the Chalk River site, pre-
dicted and measured breakthrough curves at the with-
drawal well are in good agreement over the earlier part
of the test duration. (Copyright (c) 1986 by the Ameri-
can Geophysical Union.)
Keywords: "Injection wells, "Aquifers, "Flow rate,
Tests, Mathematical models, Hydraulic conductivity,
Dispersion, Hydrodynamics, Chalk River, Stratification,
Plumes, Porosity, Spacing, Graphs(Charts), Profiles,
Reprints, Mobile(Alabama), Tracer tests.
PB87-166849/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Use of Geostatistics to Predict Virus Decay Rates
for Determination of Septic Tank Setback Dis-
tances. Journal article,
Arizona Univ., Tucson.
M. V. Yates, S. R. Yates, A. W. Warrick, and C. P.
Gerba. C1986, 7p EPA/600/J-86/230
Grant EPA-R-811147
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v52
n3 p473-479 Sep 86. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr En-
vironmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
Water samples were collected from 71 public drinking-
water supply wells in the Tucson, Arizona, basin. Virus
decay rates in the water samples were determined
with MS-2 coliphage as a model virus. The correlations
between the virus decay rates and the sample loca-
tions were shown by fitting a spherical model to the ex-
perimental semivariogram. Kriging, a geostatistical
technique, was used to calculate virus decay rates at
unsampled locations by using the known values at
nearby wells. Based on the regional characteristics of
groundwater flow and the kriged estimates of virus
decay rates, a contour map of the area was construct-
ed. The map shows the variation in separation dis-
tances that would have to be maintained between
wells and sources of contamination to afford similar
degrees of protection. (Copyright (c) 1986, American
Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: "Ground water, "Viruses, "Water supply,
"Septic tanks, Sampling, Water wells, Correlation,
Mathematical models, Enteritis, Gastritis, Potable
water, Rural areas, Regulations, Separation, Distance,
Reprints, Drinking water, Decay rates.
bounded, nonrandom periodically stratified porous
medium is examined theoretically by applying the
moment method of R. Aris (1956) and P.G. Saffman
(1962). The governing moment equations are derived
for a general stratified medium and then applied to
study the detailed time-dependent variations of various
low-order spatial moments of the three-dimensional
concentration distribution in a particular periodic (si-
nusoidal) stratified medium, both for the general case
when the mean flow direction is inclined to the stratifi-
cation as well as for the special case of flow parallel to
the stratification. (Copyright (c) 1986 by the American
Geophysical Union.)
Keywords: "Solutes, "Dispersing, "Stratification,
"Ground water, Hydraulic conductivity, Mathematical
models, Stochastic processes, Fluid flow, Aquifers,
Three dimensional flow, Porosity, Reprints.
PB87-166864/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Stability of Viruses in Waste Water Sludge
Eluates. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
C. J. Hurst, and T. Goyke. 1986,6p EPA/600/J-86/
256
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Microbiology, v32 p649-653
Aug 86.
The survival of indigenous enteric viruses in samples
of unconcentrated and concentrated wastewater
sludge eluates, which had been prepared using a com-
bination beef extract elution-organic flocculation con-
centration procedure, was studied at 2, 23 and -70C.
Changes of virus titer occurring in the samples were
followed during an 84-day observation period, with
rates of change then calculated by least-squares re-
gression. Virus survival in both types of eluates was
statistically dependent upon storage temperature.
Based upon the observed rates of inactivation the av-
erage times which would be required for a 90 percent
decrease (one Iog10 unit) in virus titer for unconcen-
trated eluates are 27 days at 23C, 198 days at 2C, and
375 days at -70C. The three study temperatures were
selected to approximate holding of samples in an air
conditioned room, fluid on wet ice (H20) and frozen on
dry ice (002).
Keywords: "Survival, "Enteroviruses, "Sludge, Tem-
perature,	Flocculating,	Storage,
Concentration(Composition), Regression analysis,
Correlation, Reprints.
PB87-166906/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Macro for Estimating the Box-Cox Power Trans-
formation,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
A. G. Stead. Mar 87,11 p EPA/600/D-87/079
In their classic paper, Box and Cox (1964) demonstrat-
ed how a dependent variable could be transformed to
satisfy simultaneously, assumptions implicit in the
analysis of linear models. For the class of analyses in
which the response of interest is positive and where no
transformation of independent variables is considered,
a SAS macro is presented which makes the estimation
of this power transformation relatively easy. The use of
the macro is illustrated with data taken from the origi-
nal article of Box and Cox. Its application in investigat-
ing the effects of such a transformation on non-additi-
vity is also demonstrated.
Keywords: "Macroprogramming, "Transformations,
Statistical analysis, Multivariate analysis, Linear pro-
gramming, Tables(Data).
PB87-166856/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Deterministic and Stochastic Analyses of Disper-
sion in an Unbounded Stratified Porous Medium.
Journal article,
Auburn Univ., AL. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
O Gueven, and F. J. Molz. cl 986,11 p EPA/600/J-86/
267
Grant EPA-R-810704-03
Pub. in Water Resources Research, v22 n11 p1565-
1574 Oct 86. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environ-
mental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
The dispersion of a conservative solute released in-
stantaneously from a finite or point source in an un-
PB87-166914/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Treatment Technique* for Regulatory Decision
Making,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research Div.
R. M. Clark. Mar 87,43p EPA/600/D-87/082
The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) of 1974 requires
that The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) es-
tablish maximum contaminant level goals (MCLG) for
each contaminant in drinking water which may have an
adverse effect on the health of persons. Each goal is
required to be set at a level at which no known or an-
ticipated adverse effects on health occur, allowing an
adequate margin of safety. The SDWA also requires
that National Primary Drinking Water Regulations
754 Vol. 90, No. 24
(NPDWRs) establishing maximum contaminant levels
(MCLs) or treatment techniques, and secondary drink-
ing water regulations be established. The purpose of
this paper is to describe the activities of the Drinking
Water Research Division (DWRD) of EPA in evaluating
the various technologies that may be available for
achieving these MCLs.
Keywords: "Water treatment, "Contaminants, "Disin-
fection, "Potable water, Chemical removal(Water
treatment), Aeration, Microorganism control(Water),
Regulations, SDWA(Safe Drinking Water Act), Safe
Drinking Water Act of 1974, MCLG(Maximum Contami-
nant Level Goals).
PB87-166922/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Combustion of Hazardous Waste. Conference
paper,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
R. A. Olexsey, and E. T. OppeTt. Mar 87,18p EPA/
600/D-87/065
Of the 260 MMT of hazardous waste generated annu-
ally in the United States, 1.70 MMT are disposed of in
incinerators, 3.50 MMT are burned in boilers and 0.35
MMT are burned in other industrial processes. The
paper is an overview of the technologies that can be
used to combust hazardous wastes. The paper de-
scribes the USEPA regulations that affect incineration.
Technologies for accomplishing the combustion of
both solids and liquids are discussed. The capabilities
of industrial boilers to effectively destroy wastes are
addressed. The advantages and disadvantages of the
use of cement kilns for waste disposal are presented.
Keywords: "Combustion, "Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, Incinerators, Boilers, Regulations,
Solid wastes, Liquid wastes. Kilns, "Hazardous
wastes.
PB87-166930/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Characterizing the Chesapeake Bay Ecosystem
and Lessons Learned,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
D. A. Flemer, V. K. Tippie, G. B. Mackiernan, R. B.
Biggs, and W. Nehlsen. Mar 87,34p EPA/600/D-87/
071
Prepared in cooperation with National Marine Fisher-
ies Service, Washington, DC., Maryland Univ., College
Park, Delaware Univ., Newark. Coll. of Marine Studies,
and Delaware Univ., Lewes. Coll. of Marine Studies.
During the scientific study phase, the U.S. EPA Chesa-
peake Bay Program examined the complex ecological
structure and processes of the Bay estuary in a coher-
ent and manageable framework. The historic geologi-
cal, physical, chemical (water quality), and biological
data were analyzed within this framework to determine
trends, correlations and, where appropriate, causal re-
lationships. The overall process resulted in a synthesis
or statement on the environmental condition of the
Chesapeake Bay pcosystem.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Chesapeake Bay, Sedi-
ments, History, Nutrients, Oxygen, Dissolved gases,
Chlorophylls, Organic compounds, Aquatic plants!
Fisheries, Shellfish, Benthos, Crustacea, Mollusca,
Monitoring, Ecosystems, Trace metals.
PB87-166948/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianala
Park, NC.	^
(32)p-Adduct Assay: Principle and Application* to
Carcinogen-Exposed Animal and Human DNA,
Baylor Coll. of Medicine, Houston, TX.
R. C. Gupta, S. Sharma, K. Earley, N. Mohapatra and
S. Nesnow. Mar 87,18p EPA/600/D-87/077
Prepared in cooperation with M.D. Anderson Hospital
and Jumor Inst., Houston, TX. Sponsored by Health
Effects Research Lab., Research triangle Park, NC.
There is growing evidence that carcinogens initiate the
malignant process via specific alterations in DNA
structure, i.e., the covalent binding of carcinogens to
DNA bases. Thus, carclnogen-DNA adducts represent
as markers for tumor initiation. Several new techniques
have been reported for detecting exceptionally smalt
quantities of adducts without requiring test chemicals
to be radioactive. These methods are based on specif-
ic antibodies, fluorescence spectra, electrophore la-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Recent developments have indicated that the (32)P la-
beling method is capable of measuring a wide spectra
of unusually low levels .10 to the tenth power nucleo-
tides of DNA adducts induced by a vast majority of
known aromatic/hydrophobic environmental carcino-
gens (Gupta, 1985). The paper reviews the underlying
principle of the approach, as well as some recent ap-
plications.
Keywords: "Carcinogens, 'Deoxyribonucleic acids,
Malignant neoplasms, Nucleoxides, Mutagens, Muta-
tions, *32 P labeling assay, *DNA adducts.
PB87-166955/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Biochemical Measure* of Coral Metabolic Activity,
Nutritional Status and Microbial Infection with Ex-
posure to Oil and Gas Well Drilling Fluids,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Dept. of Biological
Science
D. C. White, J. S. Nickels, M. J. Gehron, J. H. Parker,
and R. F. Martz. Mar 87, 28p EPA/600/D-87/073
Grant EPA-R-807321
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Gulf
Breeze, FL.
The reef building coral Montastrea annularus was ex-
posed continuously to suspensions of oil and gas-well
drilling fluids at concentrations of 0.1 ml/liter, 0.01 ml/
liter, and 0.001 ml/liter in flowing seawater at the U.S.
Naval Stage I platform. After 6 weeks exposure, coral
fragments of 30 to 60 cm sq cm surface area were
broken off, rinsed in seawater, and extracted in a one-
phase chloroform-methanol seawater extract and re-
turned to the laboratory, the lipids were analyzed for
their phospholipid content, alkyl fatty acid composition,
and neutral lipid triglyceride glycerol. The aqueous
phase was analyzed for free amino acid composition.
Biochemical evidence of stress was reflected in the
cessation of growth as measured in depressed diacyl
phospholipid. Detailed analysis of the acyl fatty acid
composition by capillary gas chromatography showed
changes in polyenoic fatty acids, suggesting possible
changes in the metabolism of the fatty acids induced
by the exposure to the drilling fluids.
Keywords: 'Coral, 'Drilling fluids, 'Water pollution,
StfesslPhysiology), Exposure, Sea water, Chloroform,
Carbinols, Fatty acids, Metabolism, Chromatographic
analysis, Lipids, Amino acids, Growth, Biochemistry,
Nutrition, "Montastrea annularus, Coral.
PB87-166963/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Review of NMOC, NOx and NMOC/NOx Ratios
Measured In 1984 and 1985,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
K. Baugues. Sep 86,86p EPA/450/4-86/015
During the summers of 1984 and 1985, morning (6-
9am) measurements of ambient nonmethane organic
compounds (NMOC) were collected at 22 and 19
urban sites, respectively. The data were collected by
State and local agencies which contributed grant
funds and personnel. The Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) managed the analysis and provided
NMOC sampling equipment. The method of determin-
ing NMOC levels was the cryogenic jpreconcentration
direct flame-ionization detection (PDFID) described by
McElroy. Data were collected to provide input values
for the Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach (EKMA), a
computer program which estimates hydrocarbon con-
trol requirements necessary to attain the National Am-
bient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for ozone. One of
the key inputs to EKMA is the Nonmethane Organic
Compound/Nitrogen Oxides (NMOC/NOx) ratio.
Thus, a collocated NOx instrument was operated at
each NMOC site.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Organic
compounds, Urban areas, Monitors, Hydrocarbons,
Standards, Ozone, Tables(Data), * Air pollution sam-
pling, 'Air quality data, NMOC(Nonmethane Organic
Compounds), PDFID(Preconcentration Direct Flame
Ionization Detection), National Ambient Air Quality
Standards.
PB87-166971/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Use and Nutritional Value of 'Artemia' as a Food
Source,
Ghent Rijksuniversiteit (Belgium).
P. Leger, D. A. Bengtson, K. L. Simpson, and P.
Sorgeloos, C1986,106p EPA/600/D-87/084,, ERLN-
X121
Grant EPA-R-811042
Pub. in Oceanogr, Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev., v24 p521-623
1986. Prepared in cooperation with Rhode Island Agri-
cultural Experiment Station, Kingston. Sponsored by
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
The article summarizes the different applications that
have been made of Artemia as a food source. The dif-
ferent forms being used, factors determining nutritional
value, biochemical and chemical composition and
problems and constraints regarding its use are dis-
cussed. A better understanding of these factors should
lead to optimized and more dependable culture per-
formance and may assist in formulation of artificial
diets of comparable nutritional value. (Copyright (c)
1986, Aberdeen University Press.)
Keywords: 'Aquaculture, 'Food, Marine microorga-
nisms, Nutritive value, Composition(Property), Aquatic
biology, Larvae, Reprints, 'Artemia.
PB87-166989/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Regional Deposition of Inhaled Reactive Gases,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
F. J. Miller, J. H. Overton, and R. C. Graham. Mar 87,
40p EPA/600/D-87/078
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
A critical concept in inhalation toxicology involves the
determination of dose as the first component for pro-
viding a perspective to judge the applicability of vari-
ous toxicological results to human exposure condi-
tions. Available experimental data for reactive gases
were reviewed, and basic concepts in the formulation
of mathematical dosimetry models were discussed.
The complexity of factors influencing dose was Illus-
trated as related to rate constant sensitivity, thickness
of the protective layer of the lungs, the choice of ana-
tomical model, ventilatory parameters, and path dis-
tance. Results obtained thus far illustrate the feasibility
of making interspecies dosimetric comparisons as an
integral step in evaluating the toxicity of inhaled reac-
tive gases, assisting in experimental design, and pro-
viding sensitivity studies to determine parameters and
processes needing additional research.
Keywords: 'Respiration, 'Dosimetry, Toxicology,
Mathematical models. Sensitivity, Exposure, Dosage,
'Reactive gases, Toxic substances.
PB87-166997/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Many Roads and Other Worlds,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
G. Marco, R. Hollingworth, and W. F. Durham. Mar 87,
17p EPA/600/D-87/067
Prepared in cooperation with CIBA-GEIGY Corp.,
Greensboro, NC., and Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN.
The manuscript is the final chapter in the Proceedings
of the American Chemical Society Symposium, Silent
Spring Revisited. The paper provides a summary of the
preceding chapters of the symposium book which rep-
resent views of scientists from a variety of disciplines
regarding changes in pesticide hazards since Silent
Spring appeared 25 years ago. A philosophy has
emerged which includes utilization of a variety of tools
in controlling pests rather than by chemicals alone.
Keywords: *Pest control, Environmental health, Pesti-
cides, Hazardous materials, Contamination, Toxicity.
PB87-167003/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Comparison of Numerical and Laboratory Experi-
ments on Denslty-Stratlfled Flows Around a
Three-Dimensional Hill,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
J. W. Rottman, R. E. Lawson, and W. H. Snyder. Mar
87,14p EPA/600/D-87/055
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.'
Direct comparisons between the results of a numerical
model and laboratory experiments are presented for
density-stratified flows around an isolated three-di-
mensional hill. The numerical model integrates the
Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible stratified
flow using a finite-difference scheme. Numerical calcu-
lations were made for Reynolds numbers (based on
the hill height) of 100 and 400 and for Froude numbers
between 0.5 and 2 as well as for neutrally stratified
flow. The laboratory experiments were performed in a
small (2.1m long) stratified towing tank, a large (25m
long) stratified towing tank, and a meteorological wind
tunnel. Experimental results are presented for Reyn-
olds numbers between 100 and 40,000 and for the
same Froude numbers as used in the numerical calcu-
lations. The numerical model with a Reynolds number
of 100 compared best with the large scale laboratory
experiments, although there were substantial differ-
ences near the hill surface and in the wake of the hill.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Mathematical models, Tests.
PB87-167011/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Testing
Program for Components of Treatment, Storage,
and Disposal Facilities,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
R. E. Landreth. Mar 87,11 p EPA/600/D-87/058
The paper discusses some of the tests required by the
Agency to evaluate the adequacy of liner and leachate
collection materials. These laboratory tests subject the
candidate materials to the physical, biological, and
chemical stresses that are intended to duplicate condi-
tions found in a treatment, storage, or disposal facility
(TSDF). Some unresolved testing concerns are also
discussed.
Keywords: 'Linings, 'Hazardous materials, Waste dis-
posal, Performance, Waste treatment, 'Leachates,
'Land disposal. Waste disposal facilities, Waste man-
agement.
PB87-167029/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Laboratory Testing of Geosynthetlcs and Plastic
Pipe for Double-Liner Systems,
Matrecon, Inc., Oakland, CA.
H. E. Haxo, and M. J. Waller. Mar 87,22p EPA/600/D-
87/059
Contract EPA-68-03-3265
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The paper reviews some of the basic characteristics of
the polymeric materials and products that are used in
the construction of double-liner systems and indicates
the effects of these characteristics on field perform-
ance and laboratory testing of these products. Empha-
sis is placed on the testing of polymeric geomem-
branes and compatibility testing.
Keywords: 'Elastomers, 'Thermoplastic resins, Lin-
ings, Earth fills, Compatibility, Durability, Polymers, Pol-
yester fibers, Polyethylene, Polyvinyl chloride, Polypro-
pylene fibers, 'Double liner systems, Waste manage-
ment, Neoprene, Ethylene propylene diene polymers.
PB87-167037/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Merging Buoyant Jets In a Stratified Crossflow,
Georgia Inst, of Tech., Atlanta.
P. J. W. Roberts, and W. H. Snyder. Mar 87,14p EPA/
600/0-87/056
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
Some of the results of an extensive series of experi-
ments to study the characteristics of merging, horizon-
tally discharged buoyant jets in a linearly density strati-
fled current are summarized. The experiments were
conducted in a towing tank to simulate conditions typi-
cal of ocean outfalls. The most important source pa-
rameter affecting dilution was found to be the buoyan-
cy flux per unit length, b, and the effect of the current
speed, u, is expressed by the ratio F = cu u/b. Dilution
is unaffected by current for F < 0.1, but thereafter in-
creases with current speed as the rise height de-
creases.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Outfall sewers, 'Jets, "Ocean currents,
"Waste disposal, Buoyancy, Dilution, Height, Diffusion,
Stratification.
PB87-167045/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
In situ Monitoring of Environmental Genotoxins,
Missouri Univ.-Columbia.
S. S. Sandhu, and W. R. Lower. Mar 87, 23p EPA/600/
D-87/068
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Potential health hazard of a test site can be assessed
by (1) epidemiological survey of the indigenous popu-
lations, (2) in situ monitoring by introducing test orga-
nisms into the environment, and (3) bringing environ-
mental samples from the test site into the laboratory
and performing chemical and/or biological analysis for
specific end-points of interest. In situ monitoring is the
earliest form of environmental assessment practiced
by man. Biological effects observed under natural en-
vironments are the product of interaction between
complex chemical mixtures and physical agents. A va-
riety of organisms have been employed for evaluating
the utility of aquatic organisms for monitoring the toxic
levels of chemical pollutants in the coastal areas,
lakes, and rivers. It is only recently that mammaliam
species such as meadow vole, house mice, and feral
rodents have been used as indicator organisms for as-
sessing the genotoxic (especially cytogenic) effects
from chronic exposure at a particular test site.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, Toxicity, Expo-
sure, Monitor, Sites, Assessment, "Health hazards,
"Genotoxins, "Toxic substances.
PB87-167052/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Cost and Performance Modeling for Regulatory
Decision Making,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH,
Drinking Water Research Div.
R. M. Clark, J. Q. Adams, and R. J. Miltner. Mar 87,40p
EPA/600/M-87/005
The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) of 1974 requires
that EPA establish maximum contaminant levels
(MCLs) for contaminants which may have an adverse
effect on the health of persons. Recent amendments
have accelerated the regulatory schedule under the
SDWA and increased the number of contaminants to
be regulated as well. The Drinking Water Research Di-
vision (DWRD) has the responsibility to evaluate feasi-
ble technology for each proposed MCL. Because of
the acceleration in establishing MCLs, DWRD has de-
veloped bench and pilot scale techniques which when
combined with cost models can be used to predict the
cost and performance of full scale unit processes.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Contaminants, "Regula-
tions, Cost comparison, Concentration(Composition),
Water treatment, "Cost model, Safe Drinking Water
Act of 1974.
PBB7-167060/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Treatment of Aqueous Metal Bearing Hazardous
Wastes,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
D. W. Grosse, S. O. Hassan, and J. E. Park. Mar 87,
18p EPA/600/D-87/081
The paper describes the work being conducted at
USEPA's Test and Evaluation Facility involving the
treatment of metal finishing hazardous wastewaters.
This work is part of a comprehensive program support-
ing the demonstration, testing and evaluation of treat-
ment process which have the potential to be utilized to
meet the forthcoming requirements of the land dispos-
al restriction of the HSWA, 1984. A variety of unit treat-
ment processes have been fabricated to offer BDAT
(Best Demonstrated Available Technology) in treating
hazardous, aqueous metal waste streams. These unit
processes include lime precipitation, flocculation, clari-
fication, sulfide precipitation, mixed media filtration, ion
exchange, and granular activated carbon adsorption.
The results of the first three test runs will be presented.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
"Waste water, Metal finishing, 'Water pollution con-
trol, Metal bearing.
756 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB87-167078/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Short-Term Chronic Toxicity Test Using 'Daphnia
magna',
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
P. A. Lewis, and W. B. Horning. Mar 87, 22p EPA/600/
D-87/080
A seven-day short-term chronic toxicity test using 10-
day old Daphnia magna is described as a possible al-
ternative to the Ceriodaphnia life-cycle test. Five tests
using sodium pentachlorophenate, conducted during
the development of the method, gave test results simi-
lar to those previously reported for Daphnia magna
chronic tests and comparable to Ceriodaphnia short-
term tests conducted at the Environmental Monitoring
and Support Laboratory in Cincinnati. This test can be
completed in about half the time required for the Cerio-
daphnia test and the neonates can be easily counted
without the aid of a microscope.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Daphnia, "Effluents, Water anal-
ysis, Aquatic microbiology, Water pollution control, En-
vironmental tests, Environmental protection, Sodium
pentachlorophenate, Toxic substances.
PB87-167086/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Combustion Technologies for Hazardous Waste.
Encyclopedia article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
R. A. Olexsey. Mar 87,29p EPA/600/D-87/066
The article describes basic incineration technology.
Terminology is defined and EPA's regulations stated.
The universe of incinerated and incinerable waste is
described. Technology descriptions are provided for
liquid injection incineration, rotary kiln incineration, at-
sea incineration, industrial boiler disposal, and cement
kiln combustion advantages and disadvantages of
each approach are given.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Waste treatment,
"Incineration, Combustion, Technology, Boilers, Kilns,
Incinerators, "Hazardous wastes.
PB87-167094/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Federal Regulations Relevant to Asbestos Pollu-
tion Control,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
W. C. Cain, and R. C. Wilmoth. Mar 87,18p EPA/600/
D-87/075
Health effects and epidemiological studies have estab-
lished that breathing asbestos fibers can cause asbes-
tosis, lung and other organ cancers, and mesotheli-
oma. This has led to publication by EPA's Office of
Toxic Substances of guidance for minimizing airborne
asbestos exposure in buildings, establishing the
'School Rule', proposing a ban on use of certain as-
bestos containing materials, and requiring removal of
all friable asbestos prior to demolishing buildings. The
Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act of 1986
requires EPA to make rules in several areas related to
asbestos hazards abatement which are covered by
recommendations in the guidance documents. EPA is
also required to study asbestos exposures in public
and commercial buildings and recommend to Con-
gress whether or not the same rules should apply to
them as to schools. Responsibility for making laws and
enforcing the compliance with these rules will become
that of the individual State governments.
Keywords: "Asbestos, 'Air pollution, Regulations,
Hazardous materials, Exposure, Toxicity, Guidance,
State government, Legislation, "Toxic substances,
"Pollution control, Pollution regulations.
PB87-167102/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Modeling Non-Precipitating Cumulus Clouds as
Flow-through-Reactor Transformer and Venting
Transporter of Mixed Layer Pollutants,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. K. S. Ching. Mar 87,14p EPA/600/D-87/074
A simple diagnostic model of cumulus convective
clouds is developed and used in a sensitivity study to
examine the extent to which the rate of change of
mixed and cloud layer pollutant concentration is influ-
enced by vertical transport and chemical transforma-
tion processes occurring as a result of cumulus clouds.
The aqueous phase chemical transformation process
is parameterized and modeled as a flow through batch
reactor. The net vertical exchange between the mixed
and cloud layers by cumulus cloud elements that pro-
trude above the dry convective mixed layer is modeled
as the product of a venting velocity and the difference
in pollutant concentration between the mixed and
cloud layer. The two layer model yields an analytic ex-
pression involving key parameters such as areal extent
of cloud cover, dry deposition rates, thickness in mixed
and cloud layers, and the initial concentration differ-
ence between the mixed and cloud layers. The model
solution was programmed using LOTUS 123.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Atmospheric models, Cu-
mulus clouds, Concentration(Composition), Transport
properties, Atmospheric chemistry, Mathematical
models, Pollutants.
PB87-167110/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Uncertainty Analysis in Water Quality Modeling
Using OUAL2E,
Tufts Univ., Medford, MA. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
L. C. Brown. Mar 87,15p EPA/600/D-87/076
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Athens
GA.
A strategy for incorporating uncertainty analysis tech-
niques (sensitivity analysis, first order error analysis,
and Monte Carlo simulation) into the mathematical
water quality model QUAL2E is described. The model,
named QUAL2E-UNCAS, automatically selects the
input variables or parameters to be altered and stores
and manipulates only the output of interest. The mod-
eler is free to select the important output variables and
locations in the stream network where information
about uncertainty effects are desired. Applications of
the model to the Withlacoochee River in Georgia and
Florida demonstrate the importance of hydraulics,
forcing functions and benthal phenomena.
Keywords: "Water pollution, Mathematical models,
Monte Carlo method, Probability theory, Errors.
QUAL2E model.
PB87-167128/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Diet on Copper Toxicity to 'Naanthes
arenaceodentata' (Annelida: Polychaeta),
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
C. E. Pesch, P. S. Schauer, and M. A.Balboni. C1986,
18p EPA/600/D-87/083, ERLN-635
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology and Environmental Fate:
9th Edition, ASTM STP 921, p369-383 1986. See also
PB85-19334. Prepared in cooperation with Rhode,
Island Univ., Kingston. Dept. of Food Science and
Technology, and JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
Groups of Neanthes arenaceodentata were fed differ-
ent diets for four weeks before exposure to copper in
seawater. Differences in sensitivity were found be-
tween worms fed live algae compared with those fed
dried diets. Differences in sensitivity to copper were
also noted after feeding different dried diets. Possible
effects of different copper accumulation by diet and of
the use of food particles for tube building are dis»
cussed. (Copyright American Society for Testing and
Materials, 1986.)
Keywords: "Diets, "Copper, "Toxicity, "Annelida,
"Water pollution, Exposure, Sensitivity, Feeding stuffs,!
Accumulation, Sea water, Worms, Mortality, Reprints'
"Neanthes arenaceodentata.
PB87-167136/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Sampling the Oceans for Pollution: A Risk Assess-
ment Approach to Evaluating Low-Level Radioac-
tive Waste Disposal at Sea. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
J. C. Prager, V. J. Bierman, J. F. Paul, and J. S. Bonner
c 1986,27p EPA/600/J-86/249
Pub. in Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials
Report, v6 n3 p2-26 May/Jun 86. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Computer Sciences Corp., Narragansett, Rl.
Applied Technology Div.
A protocol for licensing disposal of low-level radioac-
tive wastes in the deep ocean is proposed. It is based
on principles of risk assessment. Assessments of
waste characteristics and site characteristics are inte-
grated to predict an exposure field within which con-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
From these concentrations, and an assessment of pol-
lutant effects on indigenous species, the likelihood of
environmental harm may be evaluated so that risks
can be managed by regulatory agencies. Current
progress toward implementing this protocol is de-
scribed. (Copyright (c) 1986.)
Keywords: 'Water pollution, "Radioactive wastes,
'Oceans, Risk, Licenses, Waste disposal, Hazardous
materials, Aquatic ecosystems, Regulations, Reprints,
'Water pollution sampling.
PB87-167144/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Improved Sea Urchin DNA-Based Embryo Growth
Toxicity Test. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
E. Jackim, and D. Nacci. 1986, 7p EPA/600/J-86/266
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v5
p561*567 1986.
The article presents an improved DNA-based embryo
toxicity test in which growth is measured as the in-
crease in DNA during a 5-h postfertilization period. The
test, using direct fluorometric determination of DNA
rather than thymidine incorporation, is fast, sensitive,
easy to conduct, and correlates well with other 48- and
96-h acute aquatic tests. The need for radioisotopes
has been eliminated and data variability is substantially
reduced. It is recommended that this test be incorpo-
rated into a battery of rapid tests used to estimate
aquatic toxicity.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Sea urchins, 'Deoxyribonucleic
acids, Embryos, Growth, Fluorometers, Aquatic biol-
ogy, Reprints.
PB87-167151/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparative Evaluation ot Three Rapid Marine
Toxicity Tests: Sea Urchin Early Embryo Growth
Test, Sea Urchin Sperm Cell Toxicity Test and Ml-
crotox. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
D. Nacci, E. Jackim, and R. Walsh. C1986, 7p EPA/
600/J-86/265, ERLN-719
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemist™, v5
p521-525 1986. Prepared in cooperation with JRB As-
sociates, Inc., Narragansett, Rl. Environmental Toxi-
cology and Ecological Assessment Div., and Rhode
Island Univ., Kingston.
Three rapid marine toxicity tests were evaluated to de-
termine their potential usefulness in a toxicity testing
program: early embryo growth test and sperm cell tox-
icity test, both using the sea urchin Arbacia punctulata,
and Microtox. Toxicity values (ECSOs) were derived for
eight organic chemicals and five metals using each
system. Results were compared with LC50 values for
the same chemicals from standard aquatic tests with
Pimephales promelas and Daphnla magna and for the
metals with Menidia menidia and Mysidopsls bahia.
The EC50 values for the sea urchin early embryo
growth test for organics and the LC50 values for fish
and crustaceans for organics and metals with which
the rapid tests were compared were from the literature.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Sea urchins, 'Organic com-
pounds, 'Water pollution, Tests, Metals, Daphnia, Em-
bryos, Growth, Oysters, Germ cells, Phenol, Ethanols,
Propanols, Reprints, LC 50, Microtox, Arbacia punctu-
lata.
PB87-167169/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of SESOIL (Seasonal Soli Compart-
ment Model), PRZM (Pesticide Root Zone Model),
and PESTAN (Pesticide Analytical Model) in a Lab-
oratory Column Leaching Experiment. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
S M. Melancon, J. E. Pollard, and S. C. Hern. c1986,
16p EPA/600/J-86/268
Pub. in Environ. Toxicol, and Chemistry, v5 p865-878,
1986. Prepared In cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas.
Four 2-m columns filled with sandy soil were loaded
with six organic chemicals (dicamba, 2,4-dichloro-
phenoxyacetic acid, atrazine, diazinon, pentachloro-
phenol, and lindane) and watered for 30 days in a con-
trolled laboratory experiment. Chemical migration was
monitored by analyses of daily effluent samples and
soil sample cores, the latter collected on day 30 from
5-cm compartments throughout each column. Ob-
served chemical migration patterns were compared
with the predictions of three vadose zone fate-and-
transport models: SESOIL, PRZM and PESTAN. Eval-
uations of model performance revealed substantial
variability depending on the chemical type and model
tested. PRZM and PESTAN showed greater improve-
ment in prediction of observed chemical migration pat-
terns with the use of measured input data than did
SESOIL. The limitations of these models, if used for
screening purposes without a priori measurement of
chemical- and site-specific model input data or post
hoc calibration with existing field data, should be rec-
ognized. (Copyright (c) SETAC 1986.)
Keywords: 'Leaching, 'Pesticides, Soil analysis,
Chemical composition, Organic compounds, Chloro-
benzenes, Evaluation, Model tests, Dicamba, Dichlor-
ophenoxyacetic acid, Atrazine, Diazinon, Pentachloro-
phenol.
PB87-167276/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Project Management in a Federal Research and
Development Laboratory: An Application of the
Elusive Budgeted Cost of Work Performed. Jour-
nai girticlo
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
C. B. Oldham, J. E. Cook, and C. T. Ripberger. c1986,
10p EPA/600/J-86/278
Pub. in Project Management Jnl., v17 n4 p79-86 Sep
86. Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina State
Univ. at Raleigh. Dept. of Industrial Engineering.
The paper discusses a real-life application of concepts
often referred to in project management articles, par-
ticularly the Budgeted Cost of Work Performed
(BCWP). The project management system (PMS) de-
scribed was patterned after that developed by the De-
partment of Defense and adapted to the needs of the
Federal research and development setting in which it
was used. It spans 8 years of use, during which several
stages of implementation led to successful function-
ing. This PMS requires contractors to prepare a Work
Plan (WP), including establishing a performance base-
line—the Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled (BCWS);
and a monthly cost/schedule status report, providing
the BCWP and the Actual Cost of Work Performed
(ACWP). Using these key concepts, the contractor cal-
culates cost and schedule variances upon which the
project officer bases decisions on additional funding,
deletions of portions of work, and the like.
Keywords: 'Research management, 'Project manage-
ment, 'Federal budgets, Contracts, Estimating, Eval-
uation, Cost control, Mathematical models, Concepts,
Reprints.
PB87-167284/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Human Rotavlrua Studies in Volunteers: Determi-
nation of Infectious Dose and Serological Re-
sponse to Infection. Journal article,
James N. Gamble Inst, of Medical Research, Cincin-
nati, OH.
R. L. Ward, D. I. Bernstein, E. C. Young, J. R.
Sherwood, and D. R. Knowlton. c1986,12p EPA/600/
J-86/258
Grant EPA-R-810341
Pub. in Jnl. of Infectious Diseases, v154 n5 p871-880
Nov 86. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
An unpassaged, safety-tested strain of human rota-
virus, obtained from a stool specimen of a hospitalized
child (CJN), was administered orally to 62 adult volun-
teers to determine the dose required to produce infec-
tion with or without illness. Seventeen of 30 infected
subjects became ill with doses equivalent to that re-
quired for infection. The CJN virus was shown to oe
serotypically related to the Wa strain of human rota-
virus (serotype-1) but unrelated to representatives of
the other 3 established human serotypes. Infected
subjects, however, experienced nearly equivalent rises
in serum neutralizing antibody titer to representatives
of all 4 human serotypes as well as the CJN virus. It ap-
peared, therefore, that the CJN virus shared neutral-
ization epitopes with viruses belonging to each of
these serotypes. (Copyright (c) 1986 by the University
of Chicago.)
Keywords: 'Diarrhea, 'Volunteers. 'Medical research,
Serology, Viruses, Infectious diseases, Dosage, Re-
prints, Rotaviruses.
PB87-167292/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Thermospray Ionization and Tandem Mass Spec-
trometry of Dyes, Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
L. D. Betowski, and J. M. Ballard. c1986,16p EPA/
600/J-86/263
Pub. in Organic Mass Spectrometry, v21 p575-588,
1986. Prepared in cooperation with Lockheed Engi-
neering and Management Services Co., Inc., Las
Vegas, NV.
Sixteen commercial dye samples and three liquid
wastes from organic pigment and dye manufacture
have been characterized without prior chromatography
by thermospray ionization and low energy collision-ac-
tivated dissociation of protonated molecules using a
triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Many samples
contained precursors of the dyes and other by-prod-
ucts of the synthesis. Many of these components were
identified by collision-activated dissociation experi-
ments and by inspection of the chemistry of dye manu-
facture. Detection limits of 20-200 ng in the positive ion
mode were obtained for seven dyes of the anthraquin-
one, triarylmethane, xanthene, coumarin, azo and sul-
fonated azo dye classes. Under conditions of negative
ionization, detection limits for an anthraquinone dye
and a sulfonated azo dye were about one order of
magnitude higher. (Copyright (c) Organic Mass Spec-
trometry 1986.)
Keywords: 'Dyes, 'Ionization, 'Mass spectrometers,
'Chemical analysis, Toxicity, Carcinogens, Chroma-
tography, Sampling, Anthraquinones, Azo dyes, Haz-
ardous materials, Graphs(Charts), Reprints, Thermos-
pray.
PB87-167300/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Comparison of Mixed Flask Culture and Standard-
ized Laboratory Model Ecosystems for Toxicity
Testing,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
L. J. Shannon, M. C. Harrass, J. D. Yount, and C. T.
Walbridge. C1986,26p EPA/600/D-85/214-F
Pub. in Community Toxicity Testing, ASTM STP 920,
p135-157 1986. Supersedes PB86-100971. Prepared
in cooperation with Minnesota Univ.-Duluth. Dept. of
Biology, and Food and Drug Administration, Washing-
ton, DC.
Two microecosystem protocols, the Standardized
Aquatic Microcosm (SAM) method (1982) and the
Mixed Flask Culture (MFC) method (1981), were com-
pared on the basis of their response to copper sulfate.
These protocols differed in microcosm structure, age,
and the variables monitored. Although responses were
similar with both systems, the SAM procedure provid-
ed considerably more insight into the changes in popu-
lation densities and nutrient cycling responsible for the
observed ecosystem level changes. The SAM protocol
was more repeatable and provided a much more com-
plete picture of toxicant effects, but was extremely
labor intensive. The MFC protocol lacked repeatability
and provided no information to aid in interpreting eco-
system level effects, but was capable of displaying
sensitivity equal to that of the SAM procedure and re-
quired a comparatively small time investment. (Copy-
right (c) 1987, American Society for Testing and Mate-
rials.)
Keywords: 'Toxicity, Copper sulfates, Sensitivity, Re-
producibility, Evaluation, Costs, Reprints, 'Micro-
cosms, *SAM(Standardized Aquatic Microcosm)
method, *MFC(Mixed Flask Culture) method, Ecosys-
tems.
PB87-167698/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Influence of Fuel Composition on Nitric Oxide
Formation in Mass-burning Stokers. Journal article
Jul 78-Sep 84,
Utah Univ., Salt Lake City. Dept. of Chemical Engineer-
ing.
G. P. Starley, B. J. Overmoe, D. W. Pershing, and G. B.
Martin. c1986,7p EPA/600/J-86/272
Grants EPA-R-805899, EPA-R-809267
Pub. in FUEL, v65.p1047-1050 Aug 86. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The article gives results of testing seven coals of vary-
ing rank in an experimental mass-burning simulation to
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
assess general nitric oxide (NO) emission characteris-
tics. The fuels were compared to ascertain a relation-
ship between NO emissions, fuel nitrogen content, ni-
trogen volatility, and firing conditions. Considerable
variability in exhaust NO emissions was observed be-
tween coal types, even for coals of common rank fired
under similar thermal and stoichiometric conditions.
Fuel nitrogen conversion to NO was not singularly de-
pendent on inherent nitrogen content or volatility. A
correlation was developed to estimate NO emissions
based on both coal nitrogen content and char nitrogen
fraction for combustion conditions typical of mass-
burning stokers. (Copyright (c) 1986 Butterworth & Co.
(Publishers) Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Coal, 'Nitrogen oxide, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, Air pollution, Stokers, Fuels, Nitrogen, Volatility,
Firing, Composition(Property), Beds(Process engi-
neering), Stoichiometry, Reprints.
PB87-167706/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Pilot Testing of Sodium Thiosulfate. Journal article,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. C. S. Chang, and T. G. Brna. c1986,11 p EPA/600/
J-86/275
Contract EPA-68-02-3648
Pub. in Environmental Progress, v5 n4 p225-233 Nov
86. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineer-
ing Research Lab.
The article gives results of pilot plant tests to evaluate
sodium thiosulfate as an oxidation inhibition additive in
five lime/limestone slurry flue gas desulfurization proc-
esses, It was found that the oxidation rate of absorbed
S02 was reduced by more than 50% in the presence
of 100-200 ppm of thiosulfate ion in the scrubbing
slurry. Calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) scaling was
eliminated and the unsaturated (with respect to
gypsum) operation mode was maintained by the addi-
tion of sodium thiosulfate. Other benefits of sodium
thiosulfate addition observed at the pilot plant included
improvement in solids dewatering properties for lime-
stone processes and improvement in S02 removal ef-
ficiency for magnesium-enhanced lime/limestone
processes.
Keywords: 'Sodium thiosulfates, 'Air pollution control,
Fiue	gases,	Desulfurization,
Concentration(Composition), Pilot plants, Sulfur diox-
ide.
PB87-167714/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Gypsum Crystallization for Limestone FGD (Flue
Gas Desulfurization). Journal article,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. C. S. Chang, and T. G. Brna. c1986, 7p EPA/600/J-
86/274
Contract EPA-68-02-3988
Pub. in Chemical Engineering Progress, v82 n11 p51-
56 Nov 86. Presented at Spring AlChE Meeting, New
Orleans, LA., April 6-10, 1986. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper gives results of pilot plant tests using a
double draw-off crystallizer as the hold tank to improve
Ihe gypsum dewatering properties of a forced oxida-
tion limestone flue gas desulfurization process. A hy-
droclone was used as the size classification device for
solids separation and fines removal. Compared with a
mixed tank crystallizer, the double draw-off crystallizer
resulted in a 45% reduction in free moisture within the
filter and a 58% increase in filtration rate.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Flue gases, 'Desul-
furization, Crystallization, Pilot plants, Limestone, Sta-
tionary sources.
PB87-167722/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Molecular Connectivity Study of Phenols and
Their Toxicity to Fish. Journal article,
Eastern Nazarene Coll., Quincy, MA. Dept. of Chemis-
LH. Hall, and L. B. Kier. c1984, 9p EPA/600/J-84/
391
Pub in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 32, p53-59 Jan 84. Prepared in cooperation
758 Vol. 90, No. 24
with Virginia Commonwealth Univ., Richmond. Spon-
sored by Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
A set of 25 substituted phenols have been examined in
a QSAR study of their toxicity to fathead minnows, Pi-
mephales promelas. The acute toxicities were meas-
ured in a flow-through system over a 96 hr. period as
lethal concentration to kill 50 percent of the popula-
tion, LC50. The negative logarithm of the toxicity,
pLC50, which ranged over three orders of magnitude
from 3.21 to 6.20, is correlated with molecular connec-
tivity indexes. The best correlation was found with the
simple index (1) chi and the valence index (3) chi rho
with r=0.934 and s = 0.296. The study includes an
analysis of the stability of the regression model with re-
spect to selection of the data set as well as the reliabil-
ity of the model as compared to chance correlations.
The structural interpretation of the regression model is
also discussed. (Copyright (c) Bull. Environ. Contam.
Toxicol. January 1984.)
Keywords: 'Phenols, 'Toxicity, 'Fishes, Minnows,
Chemical analysis, Chemical tests, Lake Superior, Re-
prints, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), 'Molecular
connectivity, Pimephales promelas.
PB87-167730/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Thiosulfate as an Oxidation Inhibitor in Flue Gas
Desulfurization Processes: A Review of R and D
Results. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
G. T. Rochelle, D. R. Owens, J. C. S. Chang, and T. G.
Brna. C1986, 11 p EPA/600/J-86/277
Pub. in Air Pollution Control Association Jnl., v36
p1138-1146 1986. Prepared in cooperation with Texas
Univ. at Austin, and Acurex Corp., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
The article describes the pilot-plant testing of sodium
thiosulfate (Na2S203) as an oxidation inhibitor in flue
gas desulfurization by lime and limestone slurry scrub-
bing with and without MgO and adipic acid additives.
The effectiveness of thiosulfate is proportional to the
inhibitor product, defined as the product of thiosulfate
concentration (M), calcium concentration (M), and the
moles of S02 absorbed per hour per liter of hold tank
volume. Gypsum saturation was less than 100% and
scaling was eliminated when the inhibitor product ex-
ceeded 0.3 times 10 to the minus 6 times M to the 3rd
power/hr. Thiosulfate was relatively more effective in
systems with chlorides and less effective in systems
promoted by MgO. An inhibitor product greater than 10
to the minus 6 times M to the 3rd power/hr significantly
enhanced dewatering of solids from limestone scrub-
bing. S02 removal and/or limestone utilization were
increased in systems that started with less than 10 mM
dissolved calcium.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Flue gases, 'Desul-
furization, 'Sodium thiosulfates, Sodium inorganic
compounds, Calcium oxides, Calcium carbonates,
Pilot study, Reprints, Stationary sources.
PB87-167748/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Obstacle Drag and Upstream Motions In Stratified
Flow,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
I. P. Castro, and W. H. Snyder. Mar 87,20p EPA/600/
D-87/054
Prepared in cooperation with Surrey Univ., Guildford
(England).
Direct measurements of the drag of two- and three-di-
mensional obstacles in linearly stratified fluid are com-
pared with the implications of inviscid, unsteady theory
and with the few similar measurements already avail-
able in the literature. Attention is concentrated on ob-
stacles which generate separated wakes and it is
shown that prior to the appearance of stationary lee
waves the stratification always leads to a drag reduc-
tion whose magnitude increases with the spanwise
width of the obstacle. Once the stratification increases
to the point where a stationary lee wave exists the drag
rises again, but usually falls thereafter whenever an in-
tegral value of the parameter, K, is approached.
Keywords: "Fluid flow, 'Atmospheric motion, Stratifi-
cation, Drag, Reduction, Oscillation, Inviscid flow. Tur-
bulent flow, Wakes, Two dimensional flow, Three di-
mensional flow, *Lee waves.
PB87-167755/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Stable Plume Dispersion over an Isolated Hill: Re-
leases above the Dividing-Streamline Height,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
W. H. Snyder, and R. E. Lawson. Mar 87,14p EPA/
600/D-87/057
Experiments were conducted in a stably stratified
towing tank wherein the density gradient was linear
and the dividing-streamline height H(D) was half the
hill height. Effluent was released at three elevations
above H(D). Pairs of tows were made such that, in one
tow, the hill (upside-down) was fully-immersed in the
water and the towing speed was adjusted to provide a
natural H(D) surface. In the second tow of the pair, the
hill was raised out of the water to the point where only
the top half of the hill was immersed, thus, forcing a flat
H(D) surface as is used in some mathematical models.
The results suggest that the assumption is a reasona-
ble approximation to make, at least with regard to pre-
dicting the locations and values of maximum concen-
trations and areas of coverage on the windward side of
the hill.
Keywords: 'Plumes, 'Air pollution, Steady flow, Turbu-
lent diffusion, Laminar flow, Terrain models, Mathe-
matical models, 'Atmospheric dispersions, Stratified
flow.
PB87-167763/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Impact of Ozone on Field-Corn Yield. Journal arti-
cle,
Argonne National Lab., IL.
L. W. Kress, and J. E. Miller. C1986,10p EPA/600/J-
85/472
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Botany, v63 p2408-2415
1985. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
Field corn(Zea mays L.) is the most important agricul-
tural crop in the U.S. and the major production areas
are subjected to potentially damaging concentrations
of ozone (03). Since no information was available re-
garding the sensitivity of field-corn hybrids grown in the
Midwest, plants of two hybrids were field grown in
open-top chambers and exposed to 03 for 83 days to
determine its impact on grain yield. The air chamber
was either charcoal filtered or non-filtered with various
constant amounts of 03 added to the ambient air from
0900 to 1600 CST. Also included was a noncham-
bered plot. A randomized complete block design incor-
porated 3 replicates of 7 treatments. Foliar injury was
noted on some plants at the elevated 03 concentra-
tions but was never more than 5 percent on an individ-
ual leaf. Analysis of variance of the data indicated sig-
nificant ozone effects on overall grain yield, 100-seed
weight, seeds per cob, cob weight, and cob length, for
both hybrids. (Copyright (c) Canadian Journal of
Botany, December 1985.)
Keywords: 'Corn, 'Farm crops, 'Ozone, Agronomy,
Grain crops, Toxicology, Air pollution, Hybridization,
Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition), Reprints,
'Air pollution effects(Plants), Midwest Region(United
States).
PB87-167771/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Field Audit Results with Organic Gas Standards
on Volatile Organic Ambient Air Samplers
Equipped with Tenax GC (Gas Chromatography).
Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
H. L. Crist, and W. J. Mitchell. 1986,5p EPA/600/J-
86/279
Pub. in Environmental Science Technology, v20 n12
p1260-1262 1986.
The results from two field audits of Tenax-equipped
sampling systems measuring the volatile organic
(VOC) concentrations in ambient air are reported. The
audited samplers collected the VOC's on Tenax GC (a
solid adsorbent) with the VOC's later thermally de-
sorbed and then analyzed by gas chromatography/
mass spectrometry/computer (GC/MS/COMP). Each
audit standard, prepared and certified by the National
Bureau of Standards (NBS), contained at least four of
the following compounds at the low parts per billion
(ppb) level in dry N2: C6H6, C6H5CH3, C6H5Br
C6H5C1, CHC13, CC14 and C2C14. The results of the
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
errors associated with sampling for VOC using Tenax
GC. The agreement between successive sampling
runs (repeatability) shows that the audit system itself is
a viable means to audit the performance of VOC sam-
pling systems at field sites.
Keywords: *Gas sampling, 'Standards, Auditing,
Concentration(Composition), Gas chromatography,
Chemical analysis, Reprints, "Volatile organic com-
pounds, * Air sampling.
PB87-167789/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Design
Information Report: Flow Measurement instru-
mentation. Journal article.
Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Wakefield, MA.
C1966, 7p EPA/600/D-86/269
Contract EPA-68-03-3208
Pub. in Jnl. Water Pollution Control Federation, v58
n10 p1005-1009. Oct 86. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering
Research Lab.
Flow meter devices are the most widely used process
monitoring instruments in wastewater treatment. Care-
ful consideration must be exercised during selection of
flow meters to avoid equipment misapplication that
can result in operation problems and equipment fail-
ure. It is the responsibility of the designer to select the
appropriate type of flow meter device and to integrate
the instrumentation design into the treatment plant
design. A flow measurement system consists of a pri-
mary element and a converter device to provide flow
reading. The primary element is a sensor or detector
that is exposed to and affected by the rate of flow. The
converter device changes the sensor reading to a
usable flow reading. Because of the broad scope of
the subject, the document only presents information
concerning the selection and proper application of the
primary element of flow meter devices. Details on
design and selection of flow meter devices are in the
references for this document.
Keywords: 'Flowmeters, 'Waste water, 'Waste treat-
ment, Flow measurement, Equipment specifications,
Plant layout, Detectors, Reprints, 'Water pollution
control.
PB97-167813/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Chemical Separation and In situ Mutagenicity
Testing. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M Moeller, A. Bjoerseth, and V. S. Houk. c1985,25p
EPA/600/D-85/236
Pub. in Mutagenicity Testing in Environmental Pollu-
tion Control, p47-68 1985. Prepared in cooperation
with Central Inst, for Industrial Research, Oslo
(Norway).
The traditional way to characterize a complex sample
has been by chemical analysis to identify the individual
components. However, unknown or overlooked muta-
gens or carcinogens may remain undetected by this
method. In recent years a combination of chemical
analysis and mutagenicity testing has been applied
successfully to samples to provide a more complete
assessment of mutagens in complex mixtures. The au-
thors recently reported a new technique whereby com-
plex samples were separated on thin-layer chromatog-
raphy plates, and their mutagenic effect was registered
directly on the developed plate by the Salmonella mu-
tagenicity assay. This combined fractionation/bioas-
say scheme offers several advantages. Components
of complex samples can be separated by one- or two-
dimensional chromatography prior to exposure to the
bacteria. By using the TLC plates, toxic compounds or
components exhibiting synergistic/antagonistic ef-
fects may be separated from the mutagens and de-
tected independently.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Carcinogens, 'Muta-
gens, 'Toxicity, Separation, Tests, Mixtures, Chroma-
tographic analysis, Salmonella, Detection, Bioassay,
Industrial wastes, Waste water, Textiles, Paper indus-
try, Distillation, Reprints.
PB87-167821/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
OUAL2E • A Case Study in Water Quality Modeling
Software,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
T. O. Barnwell, L. C. Brown, and R. C. Whittemore. Mar
87, 19p EPA/600/D-87/037
Prepared in cooperation with Tufts Univ., Medford, MA.
The series of computer programs known as QUAL-II
has a long history in systems analysis in water quality
management. The continuing cycle of testing and re-
finement of the computer program accounts for its
many strengths as most of the weaknesses have been
uncovered in this process. In its current release, called
QUAL2E, the computer program represents the state-
of-the-art in a general purpose, steady-state water
quality simulation model. EPA is using the program as
a vehicle lor demonstrating systems analysis tech-
niques, including uncertainty analysis methodologies
to aid model calibration and gain insights into predic-
tive ability and expert systems technology to develop
an intelligent user interface.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Computerized simulation,
Systems analysis, Mathematical models, Predictions,
Calibrating, Computer applications, 'Water manage-
ment, Expert systems, QUAL2E computer program.
PB87-168076/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
National Performance Audit Program - Ambient
Air Audits of Analytical Proficiency -1985,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Div.
B. F. Parr, R. L. Lampe, G. Pratt, O. L. Dowler, and W.
J. Mitchell. Jan 87,63p EPA/600/4-87/002
See also report for 1984, PB86-169968.
The report presents the results of the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency's 1985 National Audit Pro-
gram by pollutant and by analytical method. Semiannu-
al audits were conducted for Pb, N03 and S04 (filter
strips) and acid rain, and annual audits were conduct-
ed for S02 (bubbler), N02 (bubbler), CO and high
volume flow rate. Continuous S02 monitors were au-
dited throughout the year, such that no monitor was
audited more than once. Approximately 30 laborato-
ries participated in each semiannual acid rain audit.
Twelve laboratories participated in the S02 bubbler
audit, and 18 in the N02. Approximately 55 laborato-
ries participated in each N03 and S04 audit and ap-
proximately 100 laboratories in each Pb audit. Three
hundred and twenty-five CO monitors, 257 S02 moni-
tors and 1336 high volume flow samplers were also
audited. The results for each 1985 audit are presented
in tabular form for each concentration level. The over-
all performance for all participants for each audit con-
ducted since the beginning of the program is also illus-
trated in a series of figures.
Keywords: 'Auditing, 'Air pollution, Sulfur dioxides, Ni-
trogen dioxides, Tables(Data), Carbon monoxides,
Sulfates, Lead(Metal), Inorganic nitrates, Monitors,
Concentration(Composition), 'Acid rain, Air pollution
sampling.
PB87-168084/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks: Remedi-
ation with Emphasis on 'In situ' Biorestoration.
Final rept. May-Oct 86,
Rice Univ., Houston, TX.
J. M. Thomas, M. D. Lee, P. B. Bedient, R. C. Borden,
and L. W. Canter. Jan 87,155p EPA/600/2-87/008
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
The current literature indicates that in situ biorestora-
tion has great potential for remediation of aquifers con-
taminated by leaking underground storage tanks. In
situ aquifer restoration involves the enhancement of
the indigenous microflora to degrade subsurface pol-
lutants. The presence of indigenous microorganisms
that can degrade subsurface contaminants has been
demonstrated. Enriching for microorganisms with spe-
cial metabolic capabilities has been demonstrated in
the laboratory and may be promising in in situ biores-
toration schemes. Mathematical models of biorestora-
tion have been developed to stimulate progress of the
cleanup and provide information on the kinetics of the
process. This report emphasizes the state-of-the-art
knowledge of in situ biorestoration techniques avail-
able for remediation of contaminated ground water.
Keywords: "Underground storage, 'Leakage,
Aquifers, Water pollution, Ground water, Degradation,
Microorganisms, Mathematical models. Reviews, *ln
situ biorestoration.
PB87-168092/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Pentachlorophenol on Invertebrates
and Fish In Outdoor Experimental Channels. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. A. Zischke, J. W. Arthur, R. O. Hermanutz, S. F.
Hedtke, and J. C. Helgen. C1985,23p EPA/600/J-85/
471
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology, p37-58 Oct 85. Prepared in
cooperation with Saint OTaf Coll., Northfield, MN.
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) was selected to assess the
applicability of a toxicant criterion concentration for
protecting aquatic communities in outdoor experimen-
tal channels. The criterion concentration was derived
from on site laboratory bioassays. In 1982 three chan-
nels were continuously dosed with PCP for 12 wk at
nominal concentrations of 48 micrograms/l (low, crite-
rion level), 144 micrograms/l (medium, 3 X criterion)
and 432 micrograms/l (high, 9 X criterion). In 1983 the
low and medium treatments were repeated for 12 wk.
Each year an untreated channel served as control. In-
vertebrate responses measured were changes in den-
sity, community composition and drift: fish responses
were changes in survival, growth, reproduction and
larval drift. Some ecosystem effects were detected at
all treatment levels with fish being the most sensitive
animals.
Keywords: 'Invertebrates, "Toxicity, 'Aquatic animals,
'Water pollution, Assessments, Dosage, Phenols,
Chlorine organic compounds, Sensitivity, Fresh water
fishes, Growth, Responses, Bioassay, Survival, Min-
nows, Mortality, Reprints, Phenol/Pentachloro, Water
pollution effects(Animals).
PB87-168100/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Seasonal Effects on Microbial Transformation
Rates of an Herbicide In a Freshwater Stream: Ap-
plication of Laboratory Data to a Field Site. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
D. L. Lewis, L. F. Freeman, and M. E. Watwood. C1986,
8p EPA/600/J-86/235
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v5n9
p791-796,1986. Prepared in cooperation with Georgia
Univ., Athens.
Seasonal effects on microbial transformation rates of
an herbicide, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid butox-
yethyl ester (2,4-DBE), in a freshwater stream were in-
vestigated using low concentrations (less than 100 mi-
crograms L(-1)) of the herbicide mixed with an inert
dye, rhodamine WT, to correct for dilution. Although
water temperatures decreased from 22 + or - 0.5 to
8.0 + or - 0.5 degrees C and water velocities de-
creased from 0.09 + or - 0.01 to 0.03 + or - 0.003 m
s(-1), microbial transformation rates, as indicated by
pseudo-first-order transformation rate coefficients, in-
creased as much as threefold in the cold months over
those in the spring and summer. The increased winter
transformation rates were associated with leaf-litter
accumulation, which provided additional colonized sur-
face area in the stream. Therefore, the increased colo-
nized surface area more than compensated for the ef-
fects of temperature and water velocity (under condi-
tions of mass-transport limitation) that otherwise would
have reduced microbial transformation rates in the
winter months. (Copyright (c) 1986, Environmental
Toxicology and Chemistry.)
Keywords: 'Herbicides, 'Stream pollution, 'Field
tests, Aquatic microbiology, Water chemistry, Reprints,
'Microbial degradation, Temperature effects, Biode-
gradation, Toxic substances, Acetic acid/(butoxyethyl-
ester)-dichlorophenoxy.
PB87-168118/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Potable Water: New Directions in Microbial Regu-
lations. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
E. E. Geldreich. 1986, 7p EPA/600/J-86/259
See also PB86-176393. Pub. in American Society of
Microbiology News, v52 n10 p530-534, Oct 86.
Outbreaks of waterborne diseases continue to occur in
this country contrary to the popular assumption that all
our water supply problems are caused by chemical
pollutants. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) is developing revised drinking water regulations
in response to the requirements of the Safe Drinking
Water Act. Revising these regulations involves a com-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
prehensive reassessment of the Interim Drinking
Water Regulations established in 1976, plus a review
of new information on health risk and engineering
process controls to ensure a safe public water supply
nationwide. The revisions will have an impact on moni-
toring procedures on site and in the laboratory.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Microorganism, "Parasitic
diseases, Regulations, Water supply, Contaminants,
Viruses, Protozoa, Bacteria, "Water pollution, "Water
pollution control, Drinking water.
PB87-168126/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Solubility Properties In Polymers and Biological
Media. 7. An Analysis of Toxicant Properties That
Influence Inhibition of Bloluminescence in 'Photo-
bacterium phosphoreum' (The Mlcrotox Test).
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
M. J. Kamlet, R. M. Doherty, G. D. Veith, R. W. Taft,
and M. H. Abraham. c1986, 8p EPA/600/J-86/233
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v20
n7 p690-695 Jul 86. See also AD-A158 636. Prepared
in cooperation with Naval Surface Weapons Center
White Oak Lab., Silver Spring, MD„ California Univ.,
Irvine. Dept. of Chemistry, and Surrey Univ., Guildford
(England).
Inhibition of bioluminescence in Photobacterium phos-
phoreum (the Microtox test) has been proposed as a
cost-effective prescreening procedure to eliminate the
relatively more innocuous chemicals from testing pro-
grams for toxicities of organic chemicals to fish. The bi-
ological response was a function of the solvatochro-
mic parameters that measure dipolarity/polarizability,
hydrogen-bond acceptor basicity, and hydrogen-bond
donor acidity of the solute (toxicant). The relationship
applies to compounds that act by a nonreactive toxicity
mechanism, and it is suggested that for certain com-
pounds, which are outliers relative to the above equa-
tion, reactive toxicity properties mask the effects of the
nonreactive mechanism. The above equation is com-
pared with a correlation of log EC50 with octanol/
water partition coefficients.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Bioluminescence, "Fishes,
"Chemical tests, Solubility, Chemical analysis, Organic
compounds, Hydrogen bonds, Contaminants, Poly-
mers, Reprints, "Photobacterium phosphorem.
PB87-168134/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Full-Scale Studies of the Trickling Filter/Solids
Contact Process. Journal article,
Brown and Caldwell, Pleasant Hill, CA.
R. N. Matasci, C. Kaempfer, and J. A. Heidman. C1986,
9p EPA/600/J-86/271
Contract EPA-68-03-1818
Pub. in Jnl. Water Pollution Control Federation, v58
n11 P1043-1049 Nov 86. Prepared in cooperation with
Lee (Robert E.) and Associates, Inc., Green Bay, Wl.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The trickling filter/solids contact (TF/SC) process was
first successfully demonstrated in 1979 as an out-
growth of the trickling filter process. In 1984, the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sponsored
full-scale studies of the TF/SC process to document
the performance of existing facilities and provide proc-
ess design operation and information. Major study ob-
jectives included: development of a definition that dis-
tinguishes the TF/SC process from related processes;
documentation of design features and performance of
existing facilities; evaluation of the influence of trickling
filter loading on TF/SC performance; assessment of
flocculation and soluble biochemical oxygen demand
BOD) removal in the aerated solids contact tank; and
determination of the effect of mixed liquor suspended
solids concentrations and secondary clarifier overflow
rate on TF/SC performance.
Keywords: "Solids, "Contactors, "Trickling filters,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Flocculating,
Removal, Aeration, Clarification, Retaining, Overflows,
Tables(Data), Biochemical oxygen demand.
PB87-168159/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Characterization of Hazardous Waste Incineration
Residuals.
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA.
D Van Buren, G. Poe, and C. Castaldini. Mar 87,161 p
EPA/600/2-87/017
Contract EPA-68-03-3241
Sponsored by Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA.
The purpose of the study was to provide data on the
quantities and characteristics of solid and liquid dis-
charges from hazardous waste incineration facilities. A
total of 10 facilities were sampled comprising major in-
cineration designs and flue gas treatment devices. All
inlet and outlet liquid and solid streams were sampled
and subjected to extensive analyses for organic and
inorganic pollutant concentrations. Laboratory analy-
ses for solid discharge streams also included leachate
evaluations using standard EPA toxicity tests for
metals and a draft TCLP toxicity procedure for volatile
and semivolatile organics and metals. Monitored data
on incinerator facility operation was then used to de-
termine the discharge rates of detected pollutants.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, "Incinerators, "Hazard-
ous materials, Solid waste disposal, Residues. Pollu-
tion, Sampling, Tables(Data), Toxicity, Leaching,
Liquid waste disposal.
PB87-168167/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Learning and Memory Measures. Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. B. Miller, and D. A. Eckerman. c1986, 59p EPA/
600/D-85/235
Contract EPA-68-02-4032, Grant EPA-R-809644-02
Pub. in Behavioral Neurotoxicology, p94-149 1986.
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Complaints suggestive of impaired cognitive function
often number among the adverse effects associated
with exposure to toxicants, such as methylmercury,
lead, and polybrominated biphenyls. The predomi-
nance of these symptoms requires that measures de-
signed to identify deficits in learning and memory be in-
cluded in the determination of an agent's neurotoxic
potential. The area of learning and memory assess-
ment is complex, and it is apparent that no single test
or small subset of tests will serve to indicate all forms
of impairment which might follow toxicant exposure.
Rather, the identification and characterization of such
dysfunction in neurotoxicity should be made on the
basis of an evaluation using a battery of measures.
Thus, the goals of this chapter are to review, consoli-
date and integrate the available literature, both human
and infrahuman, on learning and memory measures in
the detection and characterization of neurotoxicant ex-
posure effects, and make suggestions for the future
use of learning and memory measures in neurotoxico-
logy. To adequately test an effect on ability to learn
and remember requires a series of tests for the direct
as well as the indirect effects of an agent. (Copyright
(c) Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. (1986).)
Keywords: "Learning, "Memory, "Toxicology, Expo-
sure, Nervous system disorders, Measurement, Cogni-
tion, Reprints, "Toxic substances, Neurotoxins, Learn-
ing disorders, Memory disorders.
PB87-168373/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Design Information Report: Protection of
Wastewater Lagoon Interior Slopes. Journal arti-
cle,
Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Wakefield, MA.
T. K. Walsh. c1986,8p EPA/600/J-86/257
Contract EPA-68-03-3208
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Pollution Control Federation, v58
n10 p1010-1014 Oct 86. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering
Research Lab.
A problem common to many wastewater treatment
and storage lagoons is erosion of the interior slopes.
Erosion may be caused by surface runoff and wind-in-
duced wave action. The soils that compose the steep
interior slopes of lagoons are especially susceptible to
erosion and slumping from wave action. Embankment
slope erosion caused by the failure of flexible, synthet-
ic membrane liners is a particular concern. These
liners, composed of polymer plastics or rubber com-
pounds, or both, are primarily intended to act as seals
to prevent leakage of wastewater from the lagoons.
These liners have also been proposed as a low-cost
method of erosion protection by their manufacturers,
however, experience indicates the use of membrane
liners alone has generally not been adequate for long-
term erosion protection.
Keywords: "Slopes, "Lagoons(Ponds), "Sewage treat-
ment, Erosion, Water storage, Water waves, Embank-
ments, Failure, Membranes, Linings, Protection, Poly-
mers, Plastics, Rubber, Reprints.
PB87-168381/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Action Program for Puget Sound.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Jul 86, 33p EPA/910/9-87/160
The Puget Sound Environmental Action Program de-
tails Region 10's response to these problems. Five
major objectives and a series of activities to be carried
out to achieve each objective make up the program.
The goal is to expeditiously eliminate or significantly
reduce discharges of specifically targeted problem pol-
lutants. The action program will result in a comprehen-
sive, integrated approach for addressing the pollution
problems of Puget Sound. The first objective calls for a
fuller understanding of the toxicant-related problems In
Puget Sound indicated by adverse biological effects
and bioaccumulation.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Puget sound, Spoil, Solid
waste disposal, Toxicity, Organic compounds, Sewers,
Outflows, Law enforcement, Combined sewers.
PB87-168399/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
User's Manual for the Human Exposure Model
(HEM). Interim rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jun 86,120p* EPA/450/5-86/001
This document describes the Human Exposure Model,
furnishes contact personnel to establish access to the
UNIVAC System, and provides step-by-step instruc-
tions for operating both the SHED and SHEAR por-
tions of the model. The manual also lists caveats
which should be considered when using the HEM and
criteria to distinguish situations which are appropriately
modeled by each portion of HEM. The intended audi-
ence ranges from someone with limited knowledge of
modeling to someone well acquainted with the
UNIVAC.
Keywords: "Air pollution, Risk, Dispersing, Atmospher-
ic models, Humans, Exposure, Manuals, Environment
models, Stationary sources, Carcinogens, Emission
factors, Access, UNIVAC system.
PB87-168407/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Bench-Scale Performance Testing and Economic
Analyses of Electrostatic Dry Coal Cleaning, Final
rept. Oct 80-Jul 83,
Advanced Energy Dynamics, Inc., Natick, MA.
S. R. Rich. Feb 87,158p EPA/600/7-87/005
Contract EPA-68-02-3662
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of preliminary performance
evaluations and ecqpomic analyses of the Advanced
Energy Dynamics (AED) electrostatic dry coal-clean-
ing process. Grab samples of coal feed product coals
were obtained from 25 operating physical coal clean-
ing (PCC) plants. These samples were analyzed for
ash, sulfur, and energy content and splits of the origi-
nal samples of feed run-of-mine coal were provided for
bench-scale testing in an electrostatic separation ap-
paratus. The process showed superior sulfur removal
performance at equivalent cost and energy recovery
levels. The ash removal capability of the process was
not evaluated completely: overall, ash removal results
indicated that the process did not perform as well as
the PCC plants.
Keywords: 'Electrostatic separators, "Air pollution
control, Economic analysis, Pilot study, Performance
"Coal preparation.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-168654/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Lime and Cement Industry Particulate Emissions:
Source Category Report. Volume 2. Cement In-
dustry. Final rept. June 83-Aug 86,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
J. S. Kinsey. Feb 87,407p EPA/600/7-87/007
Contract EPA-68-02-3891
See also Volume 1, PB87-103628.Portions of this doc-
ument are not fully legible. Sponsored by Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park. NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The volume of the report gives results of the develop-
ment of particulate emission factors, based on cutoff
size for inhalable particles for the cement industry.
After a review of available information characterizing
particulate emissions from cement plants, the data
were summarized and rated in terms of reliability, Size
specific emission factors were developed from these
data for the major processes used in the manufacture
of cement. A detailed process description is present-
ed, with emphasis on factors affecting the generation
of emissions. A replacement for Section 8.6 (Portland
Cement Manufacturing) of EPA report AP-42, A Com-
pilation of Air Pollutant Emissions Factors, was pre-
pared, containing the size specific emission factors de-
veloped during this program.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Cements, Particle
size distribution, Aerosols, Chemical industry, Calcium
oxides, Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition),
Portland cements, "Emission factors, "Lime industry,
"Particulate sampling, Stationary sources, Inhalation.
PB87-168662/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Leak Prevention in Underground Storage Tanks:
A State-of-the-Art Survey,
Enviresponse, Inc., Livingston, NJ.
A. C. Gangadharan, T. V. Narayanan, R. Raghavan,
and G. Amoruso. Mar 87,104p EPA/600/2-87/018
Contract EPA-68-03-3255
Prepared in cooperation with Foster Wheeler Develop-
ment Corp., Livingston, NJ. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous
Waste Engineering Research Lab.
The overall objectives of this study were to examine
the structural design and operational practices associ-
ated with underground storage tank (UST) systems in
the context of preventing leaks from such systems and
identify areas for further research and development to
advance the technology. Recommendations derived
from this study include: establishing a national data
base to provide information on failure rates and mech-
anisms and their correlation to design, engineering, in-
stallation, and operation practices and corrective ac-
tions: assessing the effectiveness of cathodic protec-
tion methods, their interaction with the environment,
and the performance of retrofitting existing USTs; de-
veloping compatibility protocols for the selection of ap-
propriate materials of construction and long-term pro-
tection; and developing methods to assess the life ex-
pectancy of both new and existing systems and to
extend their useful life.
Keywords: "Underground storage, "Storage tanks,
'Leakage, Cathodic protection, Corrosion prevention,
Fuel storage, Steel structures, Retrofitting.
PB87-168670/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Sulfur Capture Capability of a Proto-
type Scale Controlled-Flow/Split-Flame Burner.
Pinal rept. Sep 82-Feb 84,
Foster Wheeler Energy Corp., Livingston, NJ.
J. Vatsky, and E. S. Schindler. Jan 87,190p REPT-5-E-
3, EPA/600/7-87/003
Contract EPA-68-02-3906
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report describes the sulfur capture potential
during combustion of limestone copulverized with a
high sulfur eastern bituminous coal, using Foster
Wheeler's commercial Controlled-Flow/Split-Flame
(CF/SF) low NOx, internally staged burner. Sulfur cap-
ture was optimized by using overfire air and two propri-
etary flame temperature control methods. Additionally,
the effects of excess air changes, load changes, and
different calcium/sulfur mole ratios (Ca/S) were evalu-
ated. Two flame temperature reduction methods were
used to reduce the flame temperature to minimize
dead burning of limestone and thus enhance S02 cap-
ture. Although the use of flame temperature reduction
and overfire air improved the S02 capture, the opti-
mum S02 capture of 29% at a Ca/S of 2.1 S was low.
Operation under optimum S02 capture mode resulted
in measured NOx emissions of 0.19 lb/million Btu; CO
was less than 25 ppm at an excess oxygen level of
3.0%.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Sulfur di-
oxide,	'Burners,	Combustion,
Concentration(Composition), Nitrogen oxides, Coal,
Prototypes, Stationary sources.
PB87-168688/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Compendium of Methods for the Determination of
Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
R. M. Riggin. Apr 84,160p EPA/600/4-84/041
Contract EPA-68-02-3745
See also report dated Sep 86, PB87-168696. Environ-
mental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
The Methods Compendium is intended to provide re-
gional, state and local environmental regulatory agen-
cies, as well as other interested parties, with specific
guidance on the determination of selected toxic organ-
ic compounds in ambient air. The current Methods
Compendium consists of five methods for determining
a wide variety of volatile organic compounds. Addition-
al methods and/or modifications of the current meth-
ods will be added to the compendium from time to
time.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Chemical analysis,
Concentration (Composition), Organic compounds,
State government, Local government, "Toxic sub-
stances. "Air pollution sampling, "Volatile organic
compounds.
PB87-168696/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Compendium of Methods for the Determination of
Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air. Supple-
ment. Rept. for Apr 84-Sep 86,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
R. M. Riggin, W. T. Winberry, and N. V. Tilley. Sep 86,
118p" EPA/600/4-87/006
Contract EPA-68-02-3888
Supplement to report dated Apr 84, PB87-168688.
Prepared in cooperation with Engineering-Science,
Inc., Cary, NC. Sponsored by Environmental Monitor-
ing Systems Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Determination of toxic organic compounds in ambient
air is a complex task, primarily because of the wide va-
riety of compounds of interest and the lack of stand-
ardized sampling and analysis procedures. This meth-
ods compendium has been prepared to provide a
standardized format for such analytical procedures. A
core set of five methods covering 29 air toxic com-
pounds was presented in the original document. In an
effort to update the original compendium, four new
specific methods have been added. With this addition,
the compendium now contains nine standardized sam-
pling and analysis procedures covering 36 air toxic
compounds. As advancements are made, the current
methods may be modified from time to time along with
new additions to the compendium.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Chemical analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Organic compounds,
State government, Local government, *Air pollution
sampling, "Toxic substances, Procedures.
PB87-168746/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of the Problems Associated with Appli-
cation of Low Solvent Coatings to Wood Furni-
ture. Final rept. Apr 84-Apr 86,
Carltech Associates, Columbia, MD.
C. Uhrmacher. Jan 87,145p EPA/600/2-87/007
Contract EPA-68-03-3214
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of an evaluation of a low vola-
tile organic compound (VOC) finishing system for the
manufacture of wood furniture, and compares its per-
formance in the manufacturing process to an equiva-
lent conventional solvent-based system. (NOTE: The
coatings manufacturing industry has advanced the
state-of-the-art for producing low-VOC based finishes
for wood furniture. The improved systems include wa-
terborne, high solids, and catalyzed high solids coat-
ings. These new coatings have the potential to over-
come the earlier objections of the furniture industry to
lower VOC emissions in this industry.) The production
of furniture finished with a conventional solvent-based
system and several days production of wood furniture
finished with a low-VOC system were observed and
evaluated. The reduction in VOC emissions was esti-
mated from consumption data obtained during the ob-
servation period. The low-VOC finishing system suc-
cessfully met the criteria established in the GSA con-
tract.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Coatings, "Finishing,
Wood products, Furniture, "Volatile organic com-
pounds, Health effects.
PB87-168753/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Joint EPA-EPRI (Environmental Protection
Agency-Electric Power Research Institute) Cold
Weather Plume Study (CWPS): Overview of Meas-
urements and Data Base. Final rept.,
Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO. Dept. of Mechanical
Engineering.
N. V. Gillani, and V. L. Bohm. Mar 87,87p EPA/600/3-
87/010
Grant EPA-R-809713
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab., and Electric Power Research Inst., Palo
Alto, CA.
The Cold Weather Plume Study (CWPS) was a field
measurement program carried out in February 1981
under the joint sponsorship of the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency and the Electric Power Research
Institute. Its objective was to generate a data base
suitable for quantitative analysis of the mesoscale
physical dynamics and SOx, NOx chemistry of the
plume of the 1320 MW coal-fired Kincaid power plant
near Springfield, Illinois, The data base was intended
to complement similar measurements made by other
EPA and EPRI studies in the same region during other
seasons. Measurements included in-situ chemical
measurements from two instrumented aircraft, remote-
sensing lidar measurements and meteorological
measurements from a surface station, two towers, and
from vertical soundings. The report provides a brief
overview of the measurement platforms, the measured
parameters, and the daily experiments, and describes
and documents the data base available on magnetic
tapes and in hard copy form.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Plumes, "Winter, Sulfur
oxides, Nitrogen oxides, "Coal fired power plants.
PB87-168781/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Dewaterlng of Dilute Aqueous Hazardous Wastes
Using Reversible Gel Absorption,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis.
W. J. Maier, and E. L. Cussler. Mar 87,96p EPA/600/
2-87/020
Contract EPA-68-03-1957
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The feasiability of using crosslinked gels in a reversible
process for extracting pure water from aqueous waste
solutions has been investigated. It has potential for
concentrating waste streams that contain hazardous
chemicals. Near critical gels have been developed
which swell and collapse as a function of process con-
ditions. At low temperature or high pH, these gels swell
by absorbing water. During swelling, they exclude
larger solutes, including many hazardous materials.
Soiutes and colloidal pollutants thus may be concen-
trated to facilitate treatment and disposal. In this study
gels have been contacted with solution containing a
wide range of different molecular weight solutes and
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
colloids to determine water extraction capacity and ef-
ficiency of solute rejection.
Keywords: "Waste water, "Dewatering, Gels, Absorp-
tion, Concentration, Water removal, Water treatment,
Hazardous materials.
PB87-168779/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Interim Data Base for State and Local Air Toxic
Volatile Organic Chemical Measurements,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
W. F. Hunt, R. B. Faoro, and W. Freas. Dec 86,174p
EPA/450/4-86/012
The report presents and analyses the information
stored in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's
Interim Data Base for State and Local Air Toxic Volatile
Organic Chemical Measurements. The Data Base con-
tains information on volatile organic chemical (VOC)
data obtained from ten participating agencies at 126
monitoring sites, measuring either VOCs or
benzo(a)pyrene. Air quality summary statistics are pre-
sented for 51 pollutants. Statistical distributions of esti-
mated annual means are presented for 12 VOC pollut-
ants, measured in California, and 8 VOC pollutants,
measured outside of California. Comparisons are
made between California and nonCalifornia data. The
VOC data are summarized by location, sampling
method, analytical method, start and end sampling
dates, units of measurement, the number of observa-
tions, minimum detection limit, the mean and maximum
concentrations and averaging time of the sample.
Keywords: * Air pollution, State government,
Tables(Data), Chemical analysis. Sites,
Concentration(Composition), Local government, 'In-
terim Air Toxic Data Base, 'Volatile organic com-
pounds, 'Benzopyrene, Air sampling, Toxic sub-
stances, Environmental monitoring. Computer applica-
tions.
PB87-168787/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
User's Guide for PAL 2.0: A Gaussian-Plume Algo-
rithm for Point, Area, and Line Sources. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
W. B. Petersen, and E. D. Rumsey. Mar 87,98p EPA/
600/8-87/009
Supersedes PB83-117739.
PAL is an acronym for the Point, Area, and Line source
algorithm. PAL is a method of estimating short-term
dispersion using Gaussian-plume steady state as-
sumptions. The algorithm can be used for estimating
concentrations of non-reactive pollutants at 99 recep-
tors for averaging times of from 1 to 24 hours, and for a
limited number of point, area, and line sources (99 of
each type). Calculations are performed for each hour.
The hourly meteorological data required are wind di-
rection, wind speed, stability class, and mixing height.
Single values of each of these four parameters are as-
sumed representative for the area modeled. The Pas-
quill-Gifford or McElroy-Pooler dispersion curves are
used to characterize dispersion. The PAL model can
treat deposition of both gaseous and suspended par-
ticulate pollutants in the plume since gravitational set-
tling and dry deposition of the particals are explicitly
accounted for. In the limit when pollutant settling and
deposition velocities are zero, they reduce to the usual
Gaussian-plume diffusion algorithms.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Mathematical models, Dep-
osition, Sedimentation, Particles, "Gaussian plume
models, "PAL model, "Pollution sources, Point pollut-
ant sources, Stationary pollutant sources, Area pollut-
ant sources.
PB87-168803/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Stability of Parts-Per-Billion Hazardous Organic
Cvlinder Gases and Performance Audit Results of
Source Test and Ambient Air Measurement Sys-
tems. Status Report 3,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. M. Allen, C. K. Sokol, R. K. M. Jayanty, and C. E.
Decker. Mar 87, 195p EPA/600/4-87/007
Contract EPA-68-02-4125	j u r	, ,
See also PB86-144656. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
An evaluation of 27 gaseous organic compounds at
parts-per-billion (ppb) levels in compressed gas cylin-
ders has been conducted by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA). The primary objectives of
this on-going project are: (1) to evaluate the quality of
measurements made by USEPA, state/local agencies
or their contractors by using ppb gas cylinders for per-
formance audits to assess the relative accuracy of
source measurement systems during hazardous waste
trial burn tests and ambient air monitoring programs;
(2) to verify the manufacturer's certified analysis of the
multi-component gas mixtures; (3) to determine the
stability of gas mixtures with time; and (4) to develop
new audit materials as requested by EPA. The cylin-
ders consist of 4 mixtures of 5, 6, 7 and 9 organic com-
pounds each. These mixtures were blended by a com-
mercial gas supplier in aluminum cylinders in a balance
gas of nitrogen. To date, 95 performance audits have
been initiated and 76 are complete. The results of
these audits and description of the experimental pro-
cedures used for analyses and available stability data
are presented in this Status Report No.3.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Gas cylinders, "Au-
diting, "Solid waste disposal, "Incineration, "Air pollu-
tion, Carbon tetrachloride, Chloroform, Vinyl chloride,
Halogen organic compounds, Performance, State gov-
ernment, Stability, Experimental design, Tables(Data),
Sources, Concentration(Composition), "Air pollution
detection, Procedures, Ethylene/perchloro, Benzene.
PB87-168829/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Report on the Usefulness of AVHRR and CZCS
Sensors for Delineating Potential Disposal Oper-
ations at the 106-Mile Site,
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Graduate School of
Oceanography.
P Cornillon. Mar87,14p ERLN-X120, EPA/600/3-87/
009
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Narra-
gansett, Rl.
In this work data from the AVHRR sensor for 18
TIROS-N series satellite passes were examined for
signs of ocean dumping at Deepwater Dumpsite 106.
The passes selected occurred within five days follow-
ing the actual dump although in most cases they oc-
curred on the same day or that following the day of the
dump. All spectral channels were analyzed. In addition
the difference and the ratio of channels 1 and 2 were
used. No dumping is evident in any of the images. If
dumping is actually visible the signal must be very
weak at the 1 km resolution of the AVHRR sensor. Be-
cause of this the images would have to be absolutely
clear. Small scattered clouds or thick haze add too
much variability to detect a weak signal. This renders
AVHRR data of marginal value (if of value at all) for
such work. Because the exact location of the dumps
was not known it is possible that the signal is detecta-
ble.
Keywords: "Detectors, "Waste disposal, 'Ocean envi-
ronments, Deep water, Spaceborne photography,
Sites, Dumping, Infrared mapping, Plumes, Visibility,
Clouds(Meteorology), Ocean waste disposal, TIROS-
N satellite, DeepWater Dump Site 106.
PB87-168837/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Comparison of Weekly and Daily Wet Deposition
Sampling Results. Supplemental Report, Decem-
ber 1986,
Environmental Monitoring and Services, Inc., Camar-
illo, CA.
L. Topol, M. Lev-on, A. Pollack, and T. J. Permutt. Dec
86, 125p EPA/600/9-87/006,, UAPSP-113
Contract EPA-68-02-4125
Prepared in cooperation with Systems Applications,
Inc., San Rafael, CA. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Triangle Park,
NC., Utility Acid Precipitation Study Program, Washing-
ton, DC., and Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto,
CA.
A collocated sampling study was conducted at three
Utility Acid Precipitation Study Program sites (Uvalda,
GA; Lancaster, KS; Underhill, VT). Each site was
equipped with four identical precipitation samplers,
two collecting daily samples and the other two collect-
ing weekly samples. Except for the sampling schedule,
all other procedures (e.g., sample transfer, storage,
analysis) were the same. This study determined the
effect of sampling frequency on: collection efficiency,
the precision and chemical composition of the sample]
the assessment of deposition amount, and the time re-
quired to detect trends in concentration and deposi-
tion.
Keywords: "Sampling, Frequency measurement,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Emissions, Chemical compo-
sition, Concentration(Composition), 'Acid rain, *Acid
precipitation, UAPSP(Utility Acid Precipitation Study
Program).
PB87-169090/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Monitoring and Data Support Div.
Aquatic Fate Process Data for Organic Priority
Pollutants. Final rept.,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
W. R. Mabey, J. H. Smith, R. T. Podoll, H. L. Johnson,
and T. Mill. Dec 82, 407p EPA/440/4-81 /014
Contracts EPA-68-01-3867, EPA-68-03-2981
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington. DC. Monitoring and Data Support Div.
Equilibrium and kinetic constants for evaluating the
transformation and transport in aquatic systems for
114 organic chemicals on EPA's priority pollutant list
have been obtained from the literature and from theo-
retical or empirical calculation methods. Constants for
selected physical properties and for partitioning, vola-
tilization, photolysis, oxidation, hydrolysis, and bio-
transformation are listed for each chemical along with
the source of the data. A discussion of the empirical re-
lationships between water solubility, octonal-water
partition coefficients, and partition coefficients for sedi-
ment and biota is presented. The calculation of volatili-
zation rates for organic chemicals in aqueous systems
also is discussed.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, "Water pollution,
Aquatic biology, Chemical properties, Physical proper-
ties, Concentration(Composition), Reaction kinetics,
"Priority pollutants, "Environmental fate, "Aquatic fate,
Environment pollution, Environmental transport, Parti-
tion coeffients.
PB87-169124/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Chemical Products and Toxicologic Effects of
Disinfection. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
B. W. Lykins, W. E Koffskey, and R. G. Miller. C1986,
12p EPA/600/J-86/250
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association, v78
nl 1 p66-75 Nov 86. Prepared in cooperation with Jef-
ferson Parish Dept. of Public Utilities, LA.
Four disinfectants commonly used in U.S. water treat-
ment-chlorine, monochloramlne, chlorine dioxide, and
ozone-were applied to four parallel streams in a pilot
plant in Jefferson Parish, La. Several organics, includ-
ing surrogates such as total organic carbon and total
organic halide, were evaluated to investigate the ef-
fects of disinfection and treatment by sand filtration
and granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption. Five
toxicologic tests were also conducted to determine the
general toxicity and the mutagenic-carcinogenic po-
tential of disinfection of GAC adsorption. Results of
the study showed that ozonation of clarified sand-fil-
tered water produced fewer organics than the other
disinfectants studied. The short-term animal toxicolo-
gic studies revealed difficulties in analyzing actual
drinking waters for detectable toxic effects.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Disinfectants, "Water treat-
ment, Chlorine, Chlorine oxides, Ozone, Pilot plants
Carcinogens, Sand filtration, Toxicity, Aquatic animals!
Reprints.
PB87-169132/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
Oral Ingestion of 'Legionella pneumophila'. Jour-
nal article,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Div. of Infectious Dis-
eases.
J. F. Plouffe, M. F. Para, K. A. Fuller, and G. E. Bollin
C1986, 7p EPA/600/J-86/253
Grants EPA-R-812704, EPA-4-811023
Pub. in Jnl. of Clinical + Laboratory Immunology an
p113-117 1986. See also PB87-169140. Sponsored by
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Guinea pigs were fed L. pneumophila through an oro-
gastric tube. Gastric acid was rapidly cidal to the orga-
nisms. Serial necropsies demonstrated the organisms
in the colon and blood stream at 1 hour. Guinea pigs
fed large doses of L. pneumophila seroconverted. Pre-
viously fed guinea pigs were then challenged with a
lethal intraperitoneal dose of L. pneumophila and were
protected in a dose-dependent fashion. Pretreatment
of the guinea pigs with cimetidine lowered the dose of
oral L. pneumophila required for protection. The model
may be useful in studying the immune response after
oral ingestion of L. pneumophila. (Copyright (c) 1986,
Teviot-kimpton Publications.)
Keywords: 'lngestion(Biology), 'Gastrointestinal tract,
Pathology, Potable water, Contaminants, Immunology,
Guinea pigs, Reprints, "Legionella pneumophila, 'Le-
gionnaires disease, Cimetidine.
PB87-169140/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Plasmid Profiles of Clinical and Environmental
Isolates of 'Legionella pneumophila' Serogroup 1.
Journal article,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Div. of Infectious Dis-
eases.
W. E. Maher, J. F. Ploufee, and M. F. Para. c1983,5p
EPA/600/J-83/358
Grant EPA-R-812704
Pub. in Jnl. of Clinical Microbiology, v18 n6 p1422-
1423 Dec 83. See also PB87-169132. Sponsored by
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Clinical and environmental Legionella pneumophila
serogroup 1 isolates from a single water source in Co-
lumbus, Ohio, exhibited five different plasmid profiles.
The multiplicity of plasmid profiles observed within a
single geographic area and a skewed distribution of
isolates bearing these plasmid profiles within this area
suggest that plasmid analyses will be useful in the
study of the epidemiology of Legionnaires disease and
the environmental distribution of legionellae. (Copy-
right (c) American Society for Microbiology 1983.)
Keywords; "Lobar pneumonia, "Epidemiology, Water
supply, Hospitals, Water analysis, Bacteriology, Con-
taminants, Disease vectors, "Legionella pneumophila,
"Legionnaires disease, "Plasmids, Environmental
tests.
PB87-169157/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Relationship between Colonization of Hospital
Buildings with 'Legionella pneumophila' and Hot
Water Temperatures. Journal article,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Div. of Infectious Dis-
eases.
J. F. Plouffe, L. R. Webster, and B. Hackman. c1983,
4p EPA/600/J-83/359
Grant EPA-R-812704
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v46
n3 p769-770 Sep 83. See also PB87-169181. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Legionella pneumophila was isolated from four hospi-
tal buildings that maintained hot water storage tem-
peratures at 43 to 45 deg. C. Two adjacent hospital
buildings with negative cultures maintained tempera-
tures at 58 to 60 deg. C. (Copyright (c) American Soci-
ety for Microbiology 1983.)
Keywords: "Lobar pneumonia, Hospitals, Water analy-
sis, Water supply, Epidemiology, Bacteriology, Disease
vectors. Contaminants, "Legionnaires disease, "Le-
gionella pneumophila, "Hot water.
PB87-169165/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Subtypes of 'Legionella pneumpophlla' Serogroup
1 Associated with Different Attack Rates. Journal
article,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Div. of Infectious Dis-
eases.
J F Plouffe, M. F. Para, W. E. Maher, B. Hackman,
and L. Webster. C1983,8p EPA/600/J-83/360
Grant EPA-R-812704
Pub. in The Lancet, p649-650, 17 Sep 83. See also
PB87-169140. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
From January, 1982, through February, 1983, 20
cases of nosocomial legionnaires' disease caused by
Legionella pneumopila serogroup 1 were Identified in
two adjoining hospital buildings, UH and RH. Although
the buildings housed similar patient populations and
the hot water systems in each were colonised with
similar numbers of L pneumophila serogroup 1, 19
cases (1-03/1000 discharges) occurred in UH and
only 1 case (0-08/1000 discharges) occurred in RH.
Three subtypes of L pneumophila serogroup 1 were
defined by plasmid content and monoclonal antibody
binding patterns; two were unique to the environmen-
tal and patient isolates from UH and one was unique to
RH. The marked differences in the attack rates sug-
gest that the UH subtypes may be more pathogenic
than the RH subtype and that the subtyping of L pneu-
mophila might be a useful tool for studying the epide-
miology of legionnaires' disease. (Copyright (c) the
Lancet, September 17,1983.)
Keywords: "Respiratory diseases, Potable water, Se-
rology, Hospitals, Epidemiology, Infectious diseases,
Reprints, "Legionella pneumophila, "Legionnaires dis-
ease, Antibodies monoclonal, Hospital infections.
PB87-169181/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim Treatment of
Guinea Pigs Infected with 'Legionella pneumpo-
phlla'. Journal article,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Div. of Infectious Dis-
eases.
J. F. Plouffe, M. F. Para, and G. E. Bollin. c1984, 5p
EPA/600/J-84/393
Grant EPA-R-812704
Pub. in Jnl. of Infectious Diseases, v150 n5 p780-782
Nov 84. See also PB87-169165. Sponsored by Health
Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Legionnaires' disease is a bacterial pneumonia caused
by Legionella pneumophila. Many antibiotics inhibit the
growth of L. pneumophila in vitro, but only erythromy-
cin and rifampin have been clinically effective. Parallel
results have been observed in guinea pigs infected ip
with L. pneumophila. Antibiotics that were ineffective in
this model include penicillin, tetracycline, chloram-
phenicol, gentamicin, and many cephalosporins. Using
the guinea pig model, the authors studied the in vivo
efficacy of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. (Copyright
(c) 1984 by the University of Chicago.)
Keywords: "Bacterial pneumonia, "Drug therapy,
"Antibiotics, Guinea pigs, Laboratory animals, In vivo
analysis, Reprints, "Legionnaires disease, Legionella
pneumophila, Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim.
PB87-169199/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Use of DNA:DNA Colony Hybridization In the
Rapid Isolation of 4-Chlorobiphenyl Degradative
Bacterial Phenotypee. Journal article,
Tennessee Univ., Knoxville. Dept. of Microbiology.
C. A. Pettigrew, and G. S. Sayler. c1986,11p EPA/
600/J-86/243
Pub. in Jnl. Microbiol. Methods 5, p205-213 1986.
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Gulf
Breeze, FL.
DNA:DNA colony hybridization techniques were used
to select isolates from freshwater sediment samples
that contain genes homologous to plasmid pSS50,
coding for 4-chlorobiphenyl biodegradation. A high
degree of resolution was achieved in which target or-
ganisms representing 0.3% of the total population
were discerned. Initially, eight positive cultures were
obtained, these were found to exist as consortia popu-
lations. Pure cultures, from the consortia, were then
isolated and screened for 4-chlorobiphenyl degrada-
tive genes by DNA:DNA colony hybridization. Each
strain demonstrating positive hybridization was subse-
quently shown to biodegrade 4-chlorobiphenyl to 4-
chlorobenzoate. Following phenotypic characteriza-
tion of the pure cultures it was found that three differ-
ent organisms were repeatedly isolated from the vari-
ous consortia populations. Field sampling to isolation
of positive strains was accomplished within one week
and completely avoided primary enrichment cultiva-
tion. (Copyright (c) 1986 Elsevier Science Publishers
B.V. (Biomedical Division).)
Keywords: "Deoxyribonucleic acids, "Hybridization,
"Bipbenyl, Sediments, Biodeterioration, Isolation,
Cultures(Biology), Reprints, "Phenotype, 4-Chlorobi-
phenyl.
PB87-169207/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Egg Capsules of Eleven Marine Prosobranchs
from Northwest Florida. Journal article,
University of West Florida, Pensacola. Dept. of Biol-
ogy.
C. N. D'Asaro. C1986, 17p EPA/600/J-86/244
Grant EPA-R-811649
Pub. in Bulletin of Marine Science, v39 n1 p76-91
1986. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.,
Gulf Breeze, FL.
Egg capsules of eleven prosobranchs are described
and illustrated, including Strombus alatus, Murex
fulvescens, Urosalpinx perrugata. Favartia cellulosa,
Eupleura sulcidentata, Calotrophon ostrearum, Canth-
arus cancellarius, C. multangulus, Fasciolaria lilium
hunteria. Conus floridanus floridensis, and C. japideus
stearnsi. Enumerations of capsules and embryos, and
capsular dimensions, developmental pattern, and ob-
servations on reproductive behavior are given. (Copy-
right (c) Bulletin of Marine Science, 39 (1): 76-91,
1986.)
Keywords: "Gastropoda, "Eggs, Aquatic animals, Em-
bryos, Descriptions, Growth, Dimensional measure-
ment, Reproduction(Biology), Florida, Reprints, "Pro-
sobranchs.
PB87-169215/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Department of Energy, Idaho Falls, ID. Idaho Oper-
ations Office.
Historical Perspectives on Selected Health and
Safety Aspects of Nuclear Weapons Testing. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
S. C. Black, and G. D. Potter. c1986,19p EPA/600/J-
86/202
Pub. in Health Physics, v51 n1 p17-33 Jul 86. Spon-
sored by Department of Energy, Idaho Falls, ID. Idaho
Operations Office.
The paper presents a general review of public safety
standards as adapted by the nuclear weapons testing
program in the United States, and the impact of these
changing standards on the nuclear testing program
itself. The review notes the importance of improve-
ments in diagnostic instrumentation and methodolo-
gies from a relatively simple degree of sophistication to
their current high level. Use of the improved method-
ologies uncovered a serious oversight affecting human
exposure, namely, that of not recognizing the relative
importance of all potential transport/dosimetric path-
ways for risk assessment.
Keywords: "Nuclear weapons, "Tests, Public health,
'Safety standards, ionizing radiations, Environmental
transport, Radioisotopes, Food chains, Risk assess-
ment.
PB87-169223/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Bacteria Associated with Granular Activated
Carbon Particles in Drinking Water. Journal article,
Montana State Univ., Bozeman. Dept. of Microbiology.
A. K. Camper, M. W. LeChevallier, S. C. Broadaway,
and G. A. McFeters. c1986, 7p EPA/600/J-86/205
Grant EPA-R-810015
Pub. in Applied Environmental Microbiology, v52 n3
p434-438 Sep 86. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
A sampling protocol was developed to examine parti-
cles released from granular activated carbon filter
beds. A gauze filter/Swinnex procedure was used to
collect carbon fines from 201 granular activated
carbon-treated drinking water samples over 12
months. Application of a homogenization procedure
(developed previously) indicated that 41.4% ot the
water samples had heterotrophic plate count bacteria
attached to carbon particles. With the enumeration
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
procedures described, heterotrophic plate count bac-
teria were recovered at an average rate of 8.6 times
higher than by conventional analyses. Over 17% of the
samples contained carbon particles colonized with
coliform bacteria as enumerated with modified most-
probable-number and membrane filter techniques. In
some instances coliform recoveries were 122 to 1,194
times higher than by standard procedures. (Copyright
(c) 1986, American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Bacteria, "Activated carbon treatment,
'Potable water, Particles, Sampling, Coliform bacteria,
Membranes, Fluid fillers, Microorganism
control(Water), Reprints, Drinking water.
PB87-169272/HSU	CP T03
Resource Conservation Recovery Act Notification
Data File. Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
S. Levy, P. Murray, and E. Partington. 31 Dec 86,1p*
EPA/DF/MT-87/016
Supersedes PB86-121670.
Source (ape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products if you have questions.
The file contains data compiled for the Resource Con-
servation Recovery Act. Notification of Hazardous
Waste Activity, EPA Form 8700-12 was used to collect
the data. The file was updated with information com-
piled from the Application for a Hazardous Waste
Permit, EPA Form 3510-3. The data includes names
and addresses of the facility owner and operator, as
well as the facility contact name and phone number.
The data indicates whether a facility is a generator,
treatment/storer/disposer, and/or transporter of haz-
ardous waste. There is also a listing of code numbers
of waste handled taken from 40 CFR Part 261.
Keywords: 'Data file, Licenses, State government,
Magnetic tape, Storage, 'Resource Conservation Re-
covery Act, 'Waste treatment, 'Waste management,
Waste processing plants.
PB87-169553/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Bloassay-Directed Chemical Analysis In Environ-
mental Research. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D. Schuetzle, and J. Lewtas. c1986,11 p EPA/600/J-
86/220
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry 1986, v58 n1060A 11 p.
Prepared in cooperation with Ford Motor Co., Dear-
born, Ml. Research Staff.
The use of short-term bioassay tests in conjunction
with analytical measurements, constitute a powerful
tool for identifying important environmental contami-
nants. The authors have coined the terminology 'bio-
assay directed chemical analysis' to best describe this
marriage of analytical chemistry and biology. The ob-
jective of this methodology is to identify key com-
pounds in various types of air pollutant samples. Once
that task is completed, studies on metabolism,
sources, environmental exposure and atmospheric
chemistry can be undertaken. The principles and
methodologies for 'bioassay directed chemical analy-
sis' are presented and illustrated in this paper. Most of
this work has been directed toward the characteriza-
tion of ambient air and diesel particulates which we will
use as examples in this report to illustrate the analyti-
cal logic used for identifying the bio-active compo-
nents of complex mixtures.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Chemical analysis, 'Bioas-
say, Contaminants, Reprints, Particulates, Pollutants.
PB87-169561/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects ol Maternal Murine Cytomegalovirus In-
fection on the Mouse Conceptus at Different Ges-
tational Stages. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
park NO.
Y. S. Huang, N. Chernoff, R. J. Kavlock, and C. Y.
Kawanishi. 19 86, 10p EPA/600/J-86/219
Pub in Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagen-
esis 6, p331-3381986.
The effects of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) on the
prenatal development of the CD-1 mouse were investi-
gated. Two sets of experiments were performed. In the
first, mice were inoculated with different doses of
MCMV on gestational day 7, and in the second, preg-
nant animals were inoculated with a subacute injection
dose at different gestational stages. The effects of ma-
ternal infection on pregnancy in terms of maternal
sickness, embryo lethality, date of parturition, litter
size, postnatal death, and pups' body weight on day 1
and day 3 postpartum were investigated. Two gesta-
tional stages were identified as being especially sus-
ceptible to MCMV infection. Most embryonic death as
indicated by resorption rates was found after treatment
on day 9, whereas perinatal death was most frequent
when treatment was done on day 13 of gestation. The
investigation suggests that the effects of MCMV on the
CD-1 mouse vary greatly with the age of the embryo
and the course of the infection.
Keywords: 'Congenital abnormalities, "Viral diseases,
Mice, Cytomegalic inclusion disease, Growth abnor-
malities, Experimentation, Pregnancy, Embryos, Re-
prints, 'Cytomegaloviruses, MCMV(Murine cytomega-
lovirus), Gestational age, Teratogens.
PB87-169579/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Toxicity of Used Drilling Fluids to Myslds ('Mysi-
dopsis bahia'). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
C. T. Gaetz, R. Montgomery, and T. W. Duke. 1986,
11p EPA/600/J-86/237
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v5
p813-821 1986. Prepared in cooperation with Program
Resources, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC., and
Technical Resources, Inc., Bethesda, MD.
Static, acute toxicity tests were conducted with mysids
(Mysidopsis bahia) and 11 used drilling fluids (also
called drilling muds) obtained from active drilling plat-
forms in the Gulf of Mexico, U.S.A. Each whole mud
was tested, along with three phases of each mud: a
liquid phase with all particulate materials removed; a
suspended particulate phase composed of soluble and
lighter particulate fractions; and a solid phase com-
posed mainly of drill cuttings and rapidly settling partic-
ulates. These muds represented seven of the eight ge-
neric mud types described by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency for use on the U.S. Outer Continen-
tal Shelf. The toxicity of the 11 muds tested was appar-
ently enhanced by the presence of aromatics. Further-
more, one mud tested repeatedly showed loss of toxic-
ity with time, possibly from volatilization of aromatic
fractions. The data demonstrated that aromatics in the
drilling fluids affected their toxicity to M. bahia.
Keywords: 'Drilling fluids, 'Toxicity, "Water pollution,
Marine biology, Offshore drilling, Aromatic com-
pounds, Environmental tests, Chemical analysis,
'Toxic substances, Mysids, Mysidopsis bahia, Particu-
lates.
PB87-169587/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Aerosols Containing 'Legionella pneumophila'
Generated by Shower Heads and Hot-Water Fau-
cets. Journal article,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Div. of Infectious Dis-
eases.
G. E. Bollin, J. F. Plouffe, M. F. Para, and B. Hackman.
C1985,6p EPA/600/J-85/469
Grants EPA-R-812704, EPA-R-811023
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v50
n5 pi 128-1131 Nov 86. Prepared in cooperation with
Youngstown Hospital Association, OH. Sponsored by
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Shower heads and hot-water faucets containing Le-
gionella pneumophila were evaluated for aerosoliza-
tion of the organism with a multistage cascade impac-
tion air sampler. Air was collected above two shower
doors and from the same rooms approximately 3 ft (91
cm) from the shower doors while the hot water was
running. Low numbers (3 to 5 CFU/15 cu ft (0.43 cu m)
of air) of L. pneumophila were recovered above both
shower doors, but none was recovered from the air in
either room outside the shower door. Approximately
90% (7 of 8 CFU) of the L. pneumophila recovered
were trapped in aerosol particles between 1 and 5 mi-
crometers in diameter. Air was collected 1 to 3 ft (30 to
91 cm) from 14 sinks while the hot water was running.
Low numbers (1 to 5 CFU/15 cu ft of air) were recov-
ered from 6 of 19 air samples obtained. Approximately
50% (6 of 13 CFU) of the organisms recovered were
trapped in aerosol particles between 1 and 8 microme-
ter in diameter. Shower heads and hot-water taps con-
taining L. pneumophila can aerosolize low numbers of
the organism during routine use. The aerosol particle
size is small enough to penetrate to the lower human
respiratory system. Thus, these sites may be implicat-
ed as a means of transmission of L. pneumophila from
potable water to the patient. (Copyright (c) 1985,
American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Aerosols, "Respiratory diseases, Potable
water, Air pollution sampling, Faucets, Disease vec-
tors, Respiratory diseases, Hospitals, Epidemiology,
Reprints, "Legionnaires Disease, 'Legionellapneumo-
phila, Shower facilities, Hospital infections.
PB87-169595/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Serological Differences In 'Legionella pneumo-
phila' Infections. Journal article,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Div. of Infectious Dis-
eases.
J. F. Plouffe, G. E. Bollin, M. F. Para, and K. A. Kelly.
c1984, 4p EPA/600/J-84/394
Grant EPA-R-812704
Pub. in Jnl. of Clinical Microbiology, v20 n6 p1223-
1224 Dec 84. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Guinea pigs were infected with two subtypes of Le-
gionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (UH1 and RH1).
Seroconversion by indirect fluorescent-antibody assay
was demonstrated in 94 to 97% of guinea pigs when
the challenge strain was used as the antigen. The
standard Philadelphia 1 antigen demonstrated sero-
conversion in 94% UH1-challenged animals, but in
only 66% of RH1-challenged animals. (Copyright (C)
1984 American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: "Serology, Lobar pneumonia, Reactivity,
Antigens, Potable water, Guinea pigs, 'Legionella
pneumophila, 'Legionnaires disease.
PB87-169603/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Kraft Pulp Industry Particulate Emissions: Source
Category Report. Final rept. June 84-Aug 86,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Environmental Sys-
tems Div.
H. Modetz, and M. Murtiff. Feb 87,133p EPA/600/7-
87/006
Contract EPA-68-02-3993
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of the development of particu-
late emission factors based on cutoff size for inhalable
particles for the kraft pulp industry. After a review of
available information characterizing particulate emis-
sions from kraft pulp milfs, the data were summarized
and rated in terms of reliability. Size-specific emission
factors were developed from these data for the maior
processes used in the manufacture of kraft pulp. A,de-
tailed process description is presented with emphasis
on factors affecting the generation of emissions. A re-
placement for Section 10.1 (Chemical Wood Pulping)
of EPA report AP-42, a Compilation of Air Pollutant
Emissions Factors, was prepared, containing the size-
specific emission factors developed during this pro-
gram.
Keywords: "Sulfate pulping, 'Emissions, 'Pollution,
Environmental surveys, Industrial medicine, Particles
Aerosols, Wood pulp, Pollution control, Stationary
sources, Kraft pulp mills, Emission factors.
PB87-169611/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Chlorambucil Induced Congenital Renal Hypopla-
sia: Effects on Basal Renal Function In the D»ve|.
oping Rat. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. J. Kavlock, B. F. Rehnberg, and E. H. Rogers. 1966,
14p EPA/000/J-86/213
Pub. in Toxicology 40, P247-258 1986.
Administration of chlorambucil to pregnant rats on day
11 of gestation induced dose-related alterations in
renal growth and function in the postnatal offspring.
These effects occurred above and beyond the reduc-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tlons in body growth and were evident in animals that
displayed no overt malformation of the urogenital tract.
Reductions in overall growth amounted to 0,6 and
15% in the 3,4.5 and 6 mg/kg groups, respectively,
while kidney weights were reduced by 7, 15 and 23%.
The weights of the kidneys relative to the body were
reduced 5,9 and 10% with increasing dose. Although
basal renal function was not affected by the degree of
hypoplasia seen in the low dose group, reduced glo-
merular and tubular function were evident following a
basal clearance test in the 2 highest dose groups. The
data indicate that chlorambucil induced renal hyopola-
sia results in reductions in renal function that persist
for at least the first 3 weeks after birth in the rat and
that physiological assessment of development toxicity
can provide an extremely useful addendum to the
more classical morphological criteria.
Keywords: Toxicity, Rat, Growth abnormalities, Kidney,
Urologic diseases, Reprints, 'Renal hypoplasia,
•Chlorambucil, 'Teratology, Renal function.
PB87-169629/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Kidney Morphology and Function in the Young of
Rats Malnourished and Exposed to Nltrofen
during Pregnancy. Journal article,
California Univ., Davis. Dept. of Nutrition.
C. Chase-Deesing, R. J. Kavlock, and F. J. Zeman.
C1986, 23p EPA/600/J-86/216
Grant EPA-R-810526
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health
19, p1-21 1986. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The separate and combined effects of prenatal protein
deficiency (65 casein) and prenatal nitrofen exposure
(12.5 mg/kg on gestational days 7-21) on renal mor-
phology in the 21-day fetal and postnatal rat were ex-
amined Maternal protein deprivation reduced mater-
nal feed intake, feed efficiency, weight gain, and the
number of litters produced at term. Numbers of nature
glomeruli, creatinine clearance, water diuresis, and re-
sponse to ADH, but not the hydropenic response, were
lower in the PPD neonates. These changes In mor-
phology and function suggest that prenatal protein de-
ficiency delays renal development and possibly results
in a decrease in glomerular clearance and in tubular
response to a water load and to anti-diuretic hormone.
Evaluation of postnatal renal function showed that pre-
natal nitrofen exposure depressed the ability to ex-
crete excess water, the response to ADE, and urine
concentrating ability. The functional deficits indicate
tubular dysfunction, but little or no effect on glomerular
function. Renal dysfunction may contribute to the in-
creased mortality in PPD + nitrofen pups by reducing
the ability to respond to stress, but the effects are not
sufficiently marked to be considered the primaiv cause
of death. (Copyright (c) 1986 by Hemisphere Publish-
ing Corporation.)
Keywords: 'Kidney functioning tests, 'Toxicity, "Nutri-
tional deficiencies, Pregnancy, Exposure, Laboratory
animals, Morphology, Reprints, 'Nitrofen, Prenatal ex-
posure delayed effects, Protein deficiency.
PB87-169637/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of Silica Gal Cartridges Coated In situ
with Acidified 2,4-Dlnitrophenylhydraxlne for
Sampling Aldehydes and Ketones In Air. Journal
article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
S. B. Te|ada. 1986,21 p EPA/600/J-86/215
Pub. in International Jnl. of Environmental Analytical
Chemistry, V26 p167-185 1986.
A procedure for coating in-situ silica in commercially
available prepacked cartridges with 2,4-dinitrophenyl-
hydrazine (DNPH) acidified with hydrochloric acid is
described. The coated cartridge was compared with a
validated DNPH impinger method for sampling organic
carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones) in dilut-
ed automotive exhaust emissions and in ambient air
for subsequent analysis of the DNPH derivatives by
high performance liquid chromatography. Qualitative
and quantitative results show that the two sampling
devices are equivalent. An unknown degradation prod-
uct of acrolein has been tentatively identified as x-
acrolein. The disappearance of acrolein in the analyti-
cal sample matrix correlated quantitatively almost on a
mole for mole basis with the growth of x-acrolein. The
sum of the concentration of acrolein and x-acrolein ap-
pears to be invariant with time. This sum could possibly
be used as a more accurate value of the concentration
of acrolein in the integratated sample.
Keywords: 'Air pollution. Aldehydes, Ketones, Per-
formance, Concentration(Composition), Silica gel,
Chemical analysis, Carbonyl compounds, Reprints,
'Air pollution sampling, Hydrazine/dinitrophenyl.
PB87-169645/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Movement of Kepone (Trade Name) (Chlorde-
cone) Across an Undisturbed Sediment-Water
Interface In Laboratory Systems. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
P. H. Pritchard, C. A. Monti, E. J. O'Neill, J. P. Connolly,
and D. G. Ahearn. c1986,13p EPA/600/J-86/236
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v5
p647-657 1986. Prepared in cooperation with Georgia
State Univ., Atlanta. Dept. of Chemistry.
The distribution of radiolabeled Kepone was studied in
a continuous flow sediment-water microcosm to pre-
dict the fate of the compound in an aquatic environ-
ment. The sediment was fractionated into layers and
the sorbed Kepone concentrations were measured to
determine toxicant penetration into the sediment. The
data were used to test the validity of using a mathe-
matical model based on independent studies of the
processes affecting Kepone to predict the distribution
of the toxicant in the microcosm sediment and water.
The model accurately described the observed Kepone
distribution. Microcosms, by simulating the complexity
of natural environments, provided a useful tool for
evaluating the accuracy of mathematical predictions
concerning the distribution of a toxicant in aquatic sys-
tems. (Copyright (c) SETAC 1986.)
Keywords: 'Diffusion, 'Sediments, Mathematical
models, Ecology, Biodeterioration, Contaminants, In-
secticides, Aquatic microbiology, Reprints, 'Kepone,
'Microcosms, Xenobiotics.
PB87-169652/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Plant Protective Response to Enhanced UV-B Ra-
diation under Field Conditions: Leaf Optical Prop-
erties and Photosynthesis. Journal article,
Utah State Univ., Logan.
S. D. Flint, P. W. Jordan, and M. M. Caldwell. c1985,7p
EPA/600/J-85/467
Pub. in Photochemistry and Photobiology, v41 n1 p95-
99. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research
Lab., OR.
Plants of Vicia faba were grown in the field during the
early to midsummer while receiving two levels of sup-
plemental UV-B radiation. Light-saturated photosyn-
thesis and stomatal diffusive conductance of intact
leaves did not show any indications of UV-radiatlon
damage. Supplemental UV treatment did cause in-
creased concentrations of UV-absorbing flavoid pig-
ments in leaf tissues and decreased epidermal trans-
mittance of UV radiation. While epidermal transmit-
tance was reduced 30% under the low-UV treatment,
the high-UV treatment failed to elicit as large a change.
However, total amounts of flavonoids in other leaf tis-
sues did increase in response to the high-UV treat-
ment (up to 12% greater per unit leaf area than for
control plants). This may have been a major factor pro-
tecting underlying photosynthetlc tissues. (Copyright
(c) 1985 Pergamon Press,Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Leaves(Botany), "Ultraviolet radiation,
'Plant growth, Damage assessment, Plant tissues,
Flavones, Response, Photosynthesis, Epidermis, Re-
prints, Vicia faba.
PB87-169660/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Evaluating Field Seal* GAC (Granulated Activated
Carbon) Systems for Drinking Water. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. M. Clark, J. M. Symons, and J. C. Ireland. c1986,
15p EPA/600/J-86/207
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Engineering, v112 n4
p744-756 Aug 86. Prepared in cooperation with Hous-
ton Univ., TX. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
The paper analyzes granular activated carbon (GAC)
systems under field conditions and compares the vari-
ous factors affecting operations. A technique for pre-
dicting GAC performance is developed. The technique
using the Freundlich isotherm and logistic function for-
mulation can be applied directly to data collected from
field studies, and the results used to predict full-scale
performance. In the paper the logistic function is ap-
plied to TOC loading on a GAC bed using data from a
field study conducted in Cincinnati, Ohio. Calculations
are made to estimate minimum cost design for a full
scale plant.
Keywords: 'Activated carbon treatment, Field tests,
Performance evaluation, Cost effectiveness, Design,
Mathematical models, Reprints, Drinking water,
Sewage treatment plants, Cincinnati(Ohio).
PB87-169678/HSU	PC A02/MF AOt
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Drinking Water and Cancer Mortality. Journal arti-
cle,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Dept. of Environmental and
Industrial Health.
R. M. Clark, A. Goodrich, and R. A. Deininger. c1986,
22p EPA/600/J-86/217
Pub. in The Science of the Total Environment, v53
p153-172 1986. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
The problem of understanding the possible adverse
health effects of organic chemical contaminants in
drinking water is not new, but national concern has in-
tensified in recent years. Despite this concern and reg-
ulatory efforts, no definitive relationship has been es-
tablished between organic contamination and human
health effects. The paper examines some of the
sources of possible organic contamination, current
knowledge concerning human health effects and the
most current epidemiological data. Historic CCE and
CAE data were extracted from STORET and used in
regression analyses. Age-adjusted 20-year average
cancer mortality rates were regressed against the sum
of CAE and CCE for those counties with STORET
monitoring data of their drinking water source. Results
indicate statistically highly significant relationships par-
ticularly for Gl-urinary tract cancers. (Copyright (c)
1986 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.)
Keywords: 'Carcinogens, 'Water supply, Mortality, Or-
ganic compounds, Public health, Humans, Epidemiolo-
gy, Age, Urinary tract infections, Reprints. 'Drinking
water.
PB87-169686/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Brain Temperature Measurement In Rats: A Com-
parison of Microwave and Ambient Temperature
Exposures. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
T. R. Ward, D. J. Svensgaard, R. J. Spiegel, E. T.
Puckett, and M. D. Long. c1986,18p EPA/600/J-86/
214
Pub. in Bioelectromagnetics 7, p243-258 1986. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The brain and core temperatures of rats and rat car-
casses exposed to microwave radiation (2450 MHz) or
elevated air temperatures were measured in two stud-
ies. in general, no substantial evidence for tempera-
ture differentials, or hot spots, in the brain of these ani-
mals was found. In the first study, rats and rat car-
casses were exposed to a series of power densities or
a series of ambient air temperatures. The temperature
of the core and eight brain regions was measured
before and after exposure. No temperature differences
between brain regions were found. However, a highly
significant correlation between brain and core tem-
peratures was found and this correlation was the same
for both microwave and ambient air heating. In the
second study, rats and rat carcasses were exposed to
either 30 mW/ sq cm or 40 deg C while core and three
regional brain temperatures were recorded continu-
ously. For analysis, the 30 minute exposure period was
broken into seven intervals and the change in temper-
ature during each period was analyzed In the live
animal, only the cortex showed significantly different
heating rates between the air heating and microwave
heating; however, this difference disappeared after the
initial five minutes of exposure. In the rat carcass, both
the hypothalamus and the cortex initially showed sig-
nificant differences in rate of temperature change but
these differences also disappeared after 10 minute of
exposure. (Copyright (c) 1986 Alan R. Liss, Inc.)
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Temperature measurement, 'Brain,
'Microwaves, Laboratory animals, Rats, 'Heat toler-
ance, Hypothalamus, Reprints, Cortex.
PB87-169694/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Partial Inhibition of In vitro Pollen Germination by
Simulated Solar Ultraviolet-B Radiation. Journal ar-
ticle,
Utah State Univ., Logan.
S. D. Flint, and M. M. Caldwell. C1984,6p EPA/600/J-
84/392
Contract NAS9-14871
Pub, in Ecology, v65 n3 p792-795 1984. Sponsored by
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR., and Na-
tional Aeronautics and Space Administration, Wash-
ington, DC.
Pollen from four temperate-latitude taxa were treated
with UV radiation in a portion of the UV-B (280-320 nm)
waveband during in vitro germination. Inhibition of ger-
mination was noted in this pollen compared to samples
treated identically except for the exclusion of the UV-B
portion of the spectrum. Levels similar to maximum
solar UV-B found in temperate-latitude areas failed to
inhibit pollen germination significantly, while levels
similar to maximum solar UV-B found in equatorial
alpine locations caused partial inhibition of germina-
tion in three of the four taxa examined. (Copyright (c)
1984 by the Ecological Society of America.)
Keywords: "Germination, 'Pollen, 'Ultraviolet radi-
ation, "Ozone, Damage, Solar radiation, Exposure, Vi-
ability, Seeds, Reduction, Reprints.
PB87-169702/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Antigen Detection In the Diagnosis of Norwalk
Virus Gastroenteritis. Journal article,
Massachusetts Univ. Medical School, Worcester.
J. E. Herrmann, G. P. Kent, N. A. Nowak, J. Brondum,
and N. R. Blacklow. C1986,4p EPA/600/J-86/248
Contract DAMD17-86-C-6196, Grant EPA-R-812550
Pub. in Jnl. of Infectious Disease, v154 n3 p547-548
Sep 86. Prepared in cooperation with Centers for Dis-
ease Control, Atlanta, GA., and Rhode Island Dept. of
Health, Providence. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC., and Army
Medical Research and Development Command, Fort
Detrick, MD.
A study was undertaken to assess the suitability of
monoclonal-based enzyme immunoassays for diag-
nosing Norwalk virus associated gastroenteritis out-
breaks. The assay system was found sufficiently sensi-
tive to use alone for outbreak diagnosis without aid of
radio-immunoassays. In addition the enzyme immun-
oassay test permits diagnosis within 1 day after speci-
men receipt, rather than the 4 to 6 weeks required for
collecting convalescent sera. (Copyright (c) 1986 by
the University of Chicago.)
Keywords: "Viruses, 'Diagnosis, "Antigens, Potable
water, Infectious diseases, Serology, Epidemiology,
Immunology, Medical research, Reprints, "Gastroen-
teritis, "Norwalk agent, Enzyme immunoassay.
PB87-169975/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Water Ouality Characterization of an Eastern Coai
Slurry,
University of Central Florida, Orlando. Coll. of Engi-
neering.
C. D. Cooper, J. D. Dietz, M. J. Flint, and M. R. Todd.
Mar 87,116p EPA/600/2-87/016
Grant EPA-R-810271
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Current and projected used of coal have resulted in
several proposals for coal slurry pipelines in the United
States. A typical eastern coal has a greater sulfur con-
tent and a smaller percentage of alkaline minerals in
the ash than a typical western coal. Thus, eastern coal
slurries likely will yield different quality wastewaters
from western coal slurries. An experimental program
was conducted to characterize the wastewater result-
ing from a 50 percent eastern Kentucky coal slurry.
Twenty-nine water quality parameters were measured
as a function of pumping time in the pilot scale pipe-
766 Vol. 90, No. 24
line. Tests were conducted with and without a nitrite-
based corrosion inhibitor added directly to the slurry.
The treatability of the 10-day slurry wastewater was
assessed using both lime and alum addition.
Keywords: "Coal, "Slurries, "Pipelines, "Water pollu-
tion, Sulfur, Waste water, Pilot plants, Tests, Alums,
Calcium oxides, Industrial waste treatment, Compari-
son, Kentucky.
PB87-170056/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
New Jersey Dept. of Environmental Protection, Tren-
ton.
Investigation of Microwave and Radlofrequency
Radiation Levels in Vernon Township, New
Jersey, November 10-15,1985.
Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas, NV. Electro-
magnetics Branch.
Jun 86, 276p
Sponsored by New Jersey Dept. of Environmental Pro-
tection, Trenton.
At the request of the New Jersey Department of Envi-
ronmental Protection, the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency (EPA) investigated microwave levels in
Vernon Township, New Jersey. Vernon is the site of
three satellite earth stations which operate a total of
over 15 uplink antennas. Each of the three earth sta-
tion facilities was surveyed with broadband equipment,
and frequency-specific data were collected at twenty-
five sites in the surrounding communities. EPA gath-
ered data in satellite uplink, terrestrial microwave, and
broadcast band frequencies. The highest power densi-
ty found in any publicly accessible area in Vernon was
60 microwatts/sq cm on the property of one of the
earth stations. The highest peak power density found
at any of the community measurement locations was
approximately 0.003 microwatts/sq cm, in a frequency
band that is not used for satellite uplink transmissions.
Typical power density values over all the frequency
bands studied are well below 0.001 microwatts/sq cm.
Keywords: "Microwaves, "Radio frequencies, "Elec-
tromagnetic radiation, Frequency measurement,
Transmission, Calibrating, Quality assurance, Vernon
Township(New Jersey), Tables(Data), "Satellite anten-
nas.
PB87-170106/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Difference in Virulence of Environmental Isolates
of 'Legionella pneumophila'. Journal article,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Div. of Infectious Dis-
09S6S
G. E. Bollin, J. F. Plouffe, M. F. Para, and B. Prior.
C1985, 6p EPA/600/J-85/468
Grants EPA-R-812704, EPA-R-811023
Pub. in Jnl. of Clinical Microbiology, v21 n5 p674-677
May 85. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Endemic nosocomial Legionnaires disease has oc-
curred at Ohio State University Medical Center for sev-
eral years. Two subtypes of Legionella pneumophila
serogroup 1 (UH-1 and RH-1) have been isolated in
approximately equal numbers from hospital potable
water. However, almost all clinical isolates have been
UH-1. To assess potential difference in virulence, 50%
lethal doses (LD sub 50) and 50% infective doses (ID
sub 50) of UH-1 and RH-1 were determined by intra-
peritoneal infection in guinea pigs. The UH-1 LD sub
50 was 7.41 x 1,000,000 CFU, which was significantly
lower than the RH-1 LD sub 50 of 9.12 x 10 to the 7th
power CFU (P = 0.0001). The mean time to death in
UH-1-infected guinea pigs was also significantly short-
er than in RH-1-infected animals (P=0.0008). The UH-
1 ID sub 50 of 1.4 x 10,000 CFU, this difference was
not statistically significant (P=0.21). This study dem-
onstrates a difference in virulence between UH-1 and
RH-1 in guinea pigs. Differences in strain virulence, as
demonstrated between these two subtypes, may help
to explain the widespread isolation of L. pneumophila
from the environment contracted with the limited oc-
currence of human Legionnaires disease. (Copyright
(c) 1985, American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: "Respiratory infections, Potable water,
Hospitals, Guinea pigs, Laboratory animals, Lethal
dosage, Dosage, Reprints, 'Legionnaires disease,
"Virulence, Environmental microbiology, Legionella
pneumophila.
PB87-170114/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Intratracheal Infection with 'L. pneumophila' Sub-
types. Journal article,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Div. of Infectious Dis-
eases.
J. F. Plouffe, M. F. Para, and K. A. Fuller. c1986,4p
EPA/600/J-86/252
Grants EPA-R-812704, EPA-R-811023
Pub. in Jnl. of Clinical Laboratory Immunology, v20
p119-120 1986. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Two strains of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1
(UH1 and RH1) were injected intratracheal^ into
guinea pigs. There were no differences in infectivity or
mortality, but there was evidence of disseminated in-
fections in more guinea pigs infected with the UH1
strain. Guinea pigs that received sublethal inocula
were then rechallenged intratracheal^ and had a
lower mortality rate than did previously uninfected con-
trols. (Copyright (c) 1986 Teviot-Kimpton Publications.)
Keywords:	"Respiratory	injections,
Injections(Medicine), Trachea, Guinea pigs, Laborato-
ry animals, Mortality, Potable water, Hospitals, Re-
prints, "Legionnaires disease, Legionella pneumo-
phila.
PB87-170122/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Serum Bactericidal Activity against 'Legionella
pneumophila'. Journal article,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Div. of Infectious Dis-
eases.
J. F. Plouffe, M. F. Para, and K. A. Fuller. C1985,4p
EPA/600/J-85/470
Grant EPA-R-812704
Pub. in Jnl. of Clinical Microbiology, v22 n5 p863-864
Nov 85. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Two strains of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1
(UH1 and RH1) were incubated in fresh human serum.
The UH1 strain was serum-resistant, whereas the RH1
strain was serum-susceptible. The bactericidal activity
of fresh serum was abrogated by heating. Serum re-
sistance of L. pneumophila strains may correlate with
increased virulence. (Copyright (c) 1985 American So-
ciety for Microbiology.)
Keywords: "Respiratory infections, Blood serum. Med-
ical research, Serology, Potable water, Reprints, "Le-
gionnaires Disease, Legionella pneumophila, Anti-
bodies monoclonal.
PB87-170130/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.	*
Production of Monoclonal Antibodies to 'Legion-
ella pneumophila' Serogroups 1 and 6. Journal arti-
cle,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Div. of Infectious Dis-
eases.
M. F. Para, and J. F. Plouffe. c1983,8p EPA/600/J-
83/357
Grant EPA-R-812704
Pub. in Jnl. of Clinical Microbiology. v18 n4 p895-000
Oct 86. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.
Research Triangle Park, NC.
To better define the surface antigens of Legionella
pneumophila for clinical and experimental purposes
were produced monoclonal antibodies to L. pneumo-
phila serogroups 1 and 6. Two hybridomas were pro-
duced in serogroup 1. One antibody, LP-l-17, recog-
nized a serogroup-common antigen. The second anti-
body, LP-l-81, was specific for serogroup 1. Microagg-
lutination assays of environmental and clinical isolates
revealed a subgroup of serogroup 1 environmental iso-
lates which were not agglutinated by LP-l-81. Immuno-
diffusion studies showed identity between the LP-l-81
antigen and the serogroup-specific antigen of sero-
group 1 organisms. This antigen could be absorbed
out of the serogroup 1 organism extract with LP-l-81
coated Staphylococcus aureus, leaving the serogrouiv
common antigens. Three hybridomas were produced
to serogroup 6. All three produced antibodies which
were serogroup 6 specific and agglutinated serogrouo
6 bacteria. (Copyright (c) 1982, American Societv fn.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Antigens, Lobar pneumonia, Serology, Im-
munology, Epidemiology, Isolation, Diffusion, Aggluti-
nation, Reprints, 'Legionella pneumophila, "Legion-
naires disease, "Monoclonal antibodies.
PB87-170320/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Aqueous-Phase Oxidation of Sludge Using the
Vertical Reaction Vessel System. Final rept. Feb
82-Sep 85.
Longmont, CO.
Mar 87,128p EPA/600/2-87/022 •
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The overall objective of the study was to provide plant-
scale operating data on the wet-oxidation of municipal
wastewater sludge utilizing the Vertical Reaction
Vessel System and the effect of the return flow from
the wet-oxidation process on the operation of the
wastewater treatment plant. The Vertical Reaction
Vessel System consists of a series of long concentric
tubes placed in the earth using conventional oil field
technology. Vertical construction produces a high hy-
drostatic head at the bottom of the system. The high
pressure prevents boiling at temperatures of 250 de-
grees or higher required for wet-oxidation. By utilizing
hydrostatic pressure, the only pumping required is that
to overcome frictional losses. At temperatures above
260 degrees C total chemical oxygen demand reduc-
tion of about 80% and total volatile solids reductions of
over 90% were consistently achieved.
Keywords: "Oxidation, "Sludge, "Sewage treatment,
"Municipalities, Pressure, Temperature, Pumping, Hy-
drostatic pressure, Reduction, Solids, Graphs(Charts),
Schematic diagrams, Process charting, "Sewage
treatment plants, Chemical oxygen demand, "Reac-
tion vessels.
PB87-170338/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Block Displacement Method Field Demonstration
and Specifications. Final rept.,
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
T. P. Brunsing. Mar 87, 153p* EPA/600/2-87/023
Contract EPA-68-03-3113
Prepared in cooperation with Foster-Miller, Inc., Wal-
tham, MA. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineer-
ing Research Lab.
The Block Displacement technique has been devel-
oped as a remedial action method for isolating large
tracks of ground contaminated by hazardous waste.
The technique places a low permeability barrier around
and under a large block of contaminated earth. The
Block Displacement process is composed of separate
bottom barrier and perimeter barrier construction proc-
esses. The bottom barrier construction is accom-
plished by propagating horizontal separations from a
series of injection wells. A soil-bentonite slurry is
pumped into these wells at low pressure opening the
separation and forming a barrier. In the process the
ground is displaced upward by an amount correspond-
ing to the thickness of the final barrier placed. The pe-
rimeter barrier is constructed by one of various means
including slurry wall, jet grouting, or drill notch and
blast. The perimeter barrier is constructed prior to the
bottom if necessary to induce a favorable in-situ stress
state. The technique was demonstrated at White-
house, FL where a block of earth 60 ft in diameter and
25 ft deep was lifted. After displacement was complet-
ed, a topographic survey was conducted and the qual-
ity of the bottom barrier was assessed by core drilling.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Containment,
Waste disposal, Slurries, Graphs(Charts),
Tables(Data), "Pollution control, "Hazardous wastes,
'Waste isolation, Block displacement method, In situ
treatment.
PB87-170346/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Quantitative Analysis of the Metabolism of
Benzo(a)pyrene by Transformable C3H10T1/2CL8
Mouse Embryo Fibroblasts. Journal article,
Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
K. Rudo, S. Ellis, B. J. Bryant, K. Lawrence, and G.
Curtis. C1986,15p EPA/600/J-86/221
Pub. in Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagen-
esis 6, p307-319 1986. Sponsored by Health Effects
Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) to organic-
soluble and water-soluble metabolites by transform-
able C3H10T1/2CL8 mouse embryo fibroblasts was
studied as a function of time, B(a)P concentration, and
cell density. The total formation of organic-soluble and
water-soluble metabolites increased with incubation
time from 4 to 48 h and with B(a)P concentration from
4 to 40 micromolarity. As cell density increased, the
metabolic rate decreased for organic-soluble and
water-soluble products between 6,300 and 54,00
cells/sq cm probably due to decreases in B(a)P con-
centrations to values below saturation. Specific organ-
ic-soluble metabolites identified were B(a)P-pre-9,lO-
diol, B(a)P-7,8-diol, B(a)P-3,6-quinone, B(a)P-3-
phenol, and B(a)P-9-phenol. Water-soluble metabo-
lites were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis with beta-
glucuronidase and aryl sulfatase to identify specific
conjugated products. The sulfate conjugated metabo-
lites identified were B(a)P-7,8-diol, B(a)P-pre-9,10-
diols, B(a)P-9,10-diot, and B(a)P-3,6-quinone. The
beta-glucuranic acid metabolites identified were
Ba(a)P-pre-9,10-diols, B(a)P-3,6-quinone, and B(a)P-
3-phenol. Patterns of metabolite formation rates are
discussed as to their possible effect on morphological
transformation rates in C3H10T1/2 cells with respect
to incubation time and cell density. (Copyright (c) 1986
Alan R. Liss, Inc.)
Keywords: "Pyrenes, "Aromatic polycyclic hydrocar-
bons, Metabolism, Embryos, Mice, Laboratory ani-
mals, Cell morphology, Transformations, Toxicity, Car-
cinogens, Mutagens, Quantitative analysis, Reprints,
"Benzopyrenes, "Fibroblasts, Metabolites.
PB87-170353/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Disjunctive Kriglng Program for Two Dimensions.
Journal article,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
S. R. Yates, A. W. Warrick, and D. E. Myers. C1986,
35p EPA/600/J-86/247
Pub. in Computers and Geosciences, v12 n3 p281-313
1986. Prepared in cooperation with Arizona Univ.,
Tucson.
The paper describes the disjunctive kriging (DK)
method for two dimensional spatially variable proper-
ties. A brief mathematical description is given which in-
cludes all pertinent equations to obtain an estimated
value, disjunctive kriging variance, and conditional
probability that the value of a property at a location is
above a known cutoff level. This is followed by a de-
scription of the steps which are necessary to imple-
ment DK and an example illustrating the method. In
order to use DK, a series of complex calculations must
be carried out. To facilitate this, two FORTRAN pro-
grams were developed. The programs, example input
and output files, as well as information necessary to
use the programs are included. (Copyright (c) 1986
Pergamon Journals Ltd.)
Keywords: "Statistical distributions, "Geological sur-
veys, "Computer programs, Spatial distribution, Varia-
bility, Dimensions, Fortran, Estimates,
Variance(Statistics), Conditional probability, Random
variables. Physical properties, Reprints, "Kriging,
DK(Disjunctive Kriging), Two dimensional calculations.
PB87-170361/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparison of Pesticide Root Zone Model Predic-
tion* with Observed Concentrations for the To-
bacco PeetloMe Metalaxyl In Unsaturated Zone
Soil*. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
R. F. Carsel, W. B. Nixon, and L. G. Ballantine. C1986,
11 p EPA/6O0/J-86/246
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v5
n4 p345-353 1986. Prepared in cooperation with CIBA-
GEIGY Corp., Greensboro, NC.
The pesticide root zone model (PRZM) was developed
to evaluate pesticide leaching threats to ground water
for different crops under varying climatic conditions,
soil characteristics, and cropping practices. In the
study, PRZM was evaluated to establish its predictive
capability by comparing observed metalaxyl concen-
tration profiles with predicted concentration profiles
using field-averaged pesticide data and best estimates
for several hydrologic characteristics and pesticide
and pesticide transport properties at field sites in Flori-
da and Maryland. Coefficients of determination for the
Florida site at 26,55 and 85 d after application of 0.33,
0.90 and 0.95, respectively, were obtained when field
observations were regressed against model predic-
tions.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Tobacco plants, "Leaching,
"Water pollution, Ground water, Soil properties, Pro-
files, Hydrology, Mathematical models, Degradation,
Depth, Comparison, Risk, Assessments, Florida, Re-
prints, Metalaxyl.
PB87-170379/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Metabolism of Aiachlor and Propachlor in Suspen-
sions of Pretreated Soils and In Samples from
Ground Water Aquifers. Journal article,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. Lab. of Soil Microbiology.
N. J. Novick, R. Mukherjee, and M. Alexander. c1986,
7p EPA/600/J-86/245
Grant EPA-R-809735
Pub. in Jnl. of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v34 n4
p721-725 1986. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Suspensions of soils treated in the field with aiachlor
(2-chloro-2',6'diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide)
and propachlor (2-chlor-N-isopropylacetanilide) were
tested for their ability to metabolize these herbicides.
Less than 8% of (14)C ring-labeled aiachlor was min-
eralized in 30 days at concentrations of 10 and 0.073
micrograms/ml. The soil suspensions mineralized 16-
61% and 0.6-63% of ring-labeled propachlor in 30
days at a concentration of 0.025 and 10 micrograms/
mL of suspension, respectively. Although soils con-
verted aiachlor to organic products, microorganisms
able to mineralize the pesticide could not be isolated.
Samples from ground water aquifers mineralized less
than 1 % of the herbicides at the lower concentrations,
but four organic products were formed from aiachlor. A
mixture of two bacteria mineralized 57.6% of ring-la-
beled propachlor in 52.5 h. A product of the microbial
metabolism of propachlor was identified as N-isopro-
pylaniline. These findings suggest that mineralization
is a major means for the destruction of propachlor but
not for aiachlor in soil. (Copyright (c) 1986 American
Chemical Society.)
Keywords'. "Acetanilides, 'Soil microbiology, "Ground
water, Herbicides, Metabolism, Leaching, Aquifers,
Ecology, Reprints, Aiachlor, Acetanilide/N-(methoxy-
methyT)-dichloro-diethyl, Propachlor, Isopropylacetani-
lide/N-dichloro.
PB87-170387/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Review of Treatment Alternatives for Wastes
Containing Nonsolvent Halogenated Organlcs.
Journal article,	.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
R J Turner. C1986,12p EPA/600/J-86/212
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v36
n6 p728-737 Jun 86.
The Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments to the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act direct the
Environmental Protection Agency to determine the
available treatment technologies for a number of haz-
ardous waste streams, including halogenated organ-
ics. If it is determined that existing technology ana ca-
pacity is sufficient for the safe management of the des-
ignated halogenated organic wastes, then these
wastes will be prohibited from land disposal, effective
July 8,1987. The article summarizes the general char-
acteristics and treatment alternatives for this waste
category.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, Technology, Halogen
organic compounds, Incineration, "Hazardous wastes,
"Waste management, Alternative treatment.
PB87-170395/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Uptake and Depuration of Organic Contaminants
by Blue Mussels (Mytllus edulis) Exposed to Envi-
ronmentally Contaminated Sediment. Journal arti-
cle,
Rhode Island Univ., Narragansett. Graduate School of
Oceanography.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
R. J. Pruell, J. L. Lake, W. R. Davis, and J. G. Quinn.
c1986, 13p EPA/600/J-86/211
Contract EPA-68-03-3236
Pub. in Marine Biology, v91 p497-507 1986. Spon-
sored by Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett,
Rl.
Experiments were designed to expose blue mussels
(Mytilus edulis) to contaminated sediment collected
from Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA in 1982.
Measurements were taken to allow comparisons of the
uptake and depuration of polycyclic aromatic hydro-
carbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
In addition, concentration factors in the mussels were
calculated separately against the dissolved and partic-
ulate phase concentrations and the results from the
exposure and control systems were compared. Both
PAHs and PCBs were rapidly accumulated by the mus-
sels exposed to the contaminated sediment. After the
mussels were transferred to control seawater, individ-
ual PAHs were depurated with half-lives ranging from
12 to 30 d. Individual PCBs showed depuration half-
lives which ranged from 16 to 46 d. Concentration fac-
tors in the mussels calculated against the particulate
phase concentrations were very different in the expo-
sure and control systems. (Copyright (c) Springer-
Verlag 1986.)
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Mussels, 'Water
pollution, "Narraganset Bay, Potable water, Aromatic
hydrocarbons, Biphenyl, Chlorine organic compounds,
Sediments, Concentration(Composition), Exposure,
Dosage, Chemical analysis, Reprints, 'Mytilus edulis,
Blue mussels, Biphenyl/chloro.
PB87-170403/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Determination of Selected Neutral Priority Organ-
ic Pollutants In Marine Sediment, Tissue, and Ref-
erence Materials Utilizing Bonded-Phase Sor-
bents. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Narragansett, Newport,
OR. Mark 0. Hatfield Marine Science Center.
R.J. Ozretich, and W. P. Schroeder. 1986,10p EPA/
600/J-86/210
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v58 n9 p2041-2048 1986.
An extraction procedure utilizing sonication with aceto-
nitrile and cleanup using aminopropyl and/or C-18
bonded-phase columns was developed to prepare
marine sediments and animal tissues for priority organ-
ic pollutant analysis. Recoveries from standard refer-
ence and interlaboratory comparison sediments and
tissue preparations compared favorably to published
mean values. The recovery efficiencies of the proce-
dures were determined by spiking marine sediments
and a marine animal-tissue homogenate. Mean recov-
eries of 22 priority organic pollutants from the sedi-
ments ranged from 0% to 84% with a median recovery
of 71 % and an average percent relative standard devi-
ation (% RSD) of 9%. Mean recoveries of 13 priority
organic pollutants from the tissue homogenate ranged
from 7% to 76% with a median recovery of 64% and
an average % RSD of 5%. Effects of sediment type
and storage method on the spike recoveries are dis-
cussed.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, 'Water pollution, Or-
ganic compounds, Materials recovery. Marine biology,
Residual soils, "Priority pollutants.
PB87-170411/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Measurement of Light Absorption Extinction in
Denver. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
C W. Lewis, and T. G. Dzubay. 1986,14p EPA/600/J-
86/224
Pub. in Aerosol Science and Technology 5, p325-336
Sep 86.
Simultaneous measurements of bext (teleradiometer),
b(sup sp) (integrating nephelometer) and b(sup ag)
(N02 monitor) were used to obtain particle absorption
extinction coefficients b(sup sp) for the Denver atmos-
phere during January 1982. The average of the ratio
baD/b(sup sp) was measured to be 0.185 + or - 0.015
at 530 nm, which is 2-3 times smaller than previous
measurements. Supplementary data included bjsup
ap) measurements by the integrating plate method,
which yielded values systematically higher by about
35%, and elemental carbon (black soot) aerosol con-
centration, from which a value of 8.0 + or - 0.6 m sq/g-
1 was obtained for the mass-specific absorption coeffi-
cient of elemental carbon.
Keywords: "Absorption, "Light( Visible radiation),
Concentration(Composition), Air pollution, Particles,
Denver(Colorado).
PB87-170429/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Revised Estimates of Growth Requirements and
Lethal Temperature Limits of Juvenile Walleyes,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
K. E. F. Hokanson, and W. M. Koenst. 1986,7p EPA/
600/J-86/225
Pub. in Progressive Fish-Culturist 48, p90-94 Apr 86.
The optimum temperature for growth of juvenile wal-
leyes (Stizostedion vitreum) was estimated by rearing
fish under a low light intensity (i.e., 5 Ix). The upper
lethal temperature was estimated by slowly raising the
acclimation temperature 0.5 C/d until death occurred.
The estimates of 26 C and 34.1 C, respectively, were
similar to those observed for juvenile walleyes in out-
door experimental channels, but were higher than
those determined in the laboratory by one of the
present authors for Minnesota walleyes. Some possi-
ble sources of error include the light intensity differ-
ences between experiments, which can influence
predator-prey interactions (ration levels) in laboratory
tanks, and the methods of fish acclimation to lethal
temperature.
Keywords: "Fresh water fishes, "Growth, 'Tempera-
ture measurement, Luminous intensity, Lethal dosage,
Heat tolerance, Experimentation, Reprints, Walleyes,
Stizostedion vitreum.
PB87-170437/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Biliary Lipids Support Serum-Free Growth of
'Glardia lamblia'. Journal article,
California Univ. Medical Center, San Diego.
F.	D. Gillin, M. J. Gault, A. F. Hofmann, D. Gurantz, and
J. F. Sauch. C1986, 7p EPA/600/J-86/226
Grant EPA-R-811950
Pub. in Infection and Immunity, v53 n3 p641-645 Sep
86. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Giardia lamblia has only been grown in vitro in media
containing serum or serum fractions. How this patho-
gen can grow in the human small intestinal lumen with-
out serum is not known. The authors found that sam-
ples of human hepatic or gall bladder bile maintained
G.	lamblia survival, but not growth, for 24 to 48 hours,
in medium without serum or protein. In contrast, an ar-
tificial biliary lipid (BL) dispersion containing six bile
salts, phosphatidylcholine (PC), and cholesterol, in the
ratios characteristic of human bile, supported parasite
growth in serum and protein-free medium. To define
the requirements, the authors showed that 1-palmitoyl,
2-linoleoyl-PC or 1-palmitoyl, 2-oleoyl-PC (which pre-
dominate in human bile) satisfied the requirement for
PC. Moreover, either glycocholate or glycodeoxycho-
late could be substituted for the bile salt mixture. The
finding that BL can support serum-free growth of G.
lamblia may help explain why this parasite colonizes
the upper small intestine. (Copyright (c) 1986, Ameri-
can Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Giardia, 'Parasitic diseases, 'Small intes-
tine diseases, "Lipids, Blood serum, Bile, Growth, Re-
prints, Giardia lamblia, Phosphatidylcholines, Glyco-
cholic acid, Glycodeoxycholic acid.
PB87-170445/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Occurrence and Public Health Significance of In-
vertebrates in Drinking Water Systems. Journal ar-
ticle,
Worcester Polytechnic Inst., MA.
R. V. Levy, F. L. Hart, and R. D. Cheetham. C1986,8p
EPA/600/J-86/203
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association, v78 n9
p105-110 Sep 86. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
Invertebrates collected from the water distribution
system of Worcester, Mass., were found to harbor a
variety of bacteria-some of which may be pathogenic
to humans-and to protect them from inactivation by
chlorine and monochloramine. Currently, the best ap-
proach to invertebrate control is elimination of these
organisms before they enter the distribution system or
physical or chemical modification of their potential
habitats within the system.
Keywords: "Invertebrates, 'Distribution systems,
'Water distribution, Pest control, Humans, Bacteria]
Chlorine, Nematoda, Crustacae, Odor, Taste, Filters]
Plugging, Disinfection, Potable water. Turbidity, He-
prints, Monochlorine, Habitats.
PB87-170452/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Weak-Acid ion Exchange for Removing Barium,
Radium, and Hardness. Journal article,
Illinois Univ., Urbana,
D. W. Snyder, V. L. Snoeyink, and J. L. Pfeffer. C1986
9p EPA/600/J-86/204
Grant EPA.R-808912
Pub. in Jnl. of American Water Works Association, v78
n9 p98-104 Sep 86. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
Weak-acid resin in the hydrogen form was found to ef-
fectively remove barium, radium, and hardness, with-
out increasing the sodium content of the product
water. The maximum capacity of the weak-acid resin
was about 2.3 times that of strong-acid resin, and
much less spent regenerant per unit volume of water
treated was produced from a weak-acid column than
from a strong-acid column. There are, however, some
disadvantages to weak-acid ion exchange: swelling of
the resin during exhaustion; the need to use acid-re-
sistant materials; the inability to remove noncarbonate
hardness; the necessity of stripping carbon dioxide
from the product water and adjusting the pH; and the
probable higher cost.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Ion exchange resins, "Ion
exchanging, "Water pollution control, Barium, Radium,
Acids, Swelling, Removal, pH, Carbonates, Reprints,
Drinking water.
PB87-170460/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Fluorometrlc Determination of the DNA (Deoxyri-
bonucleic Acid) Concentration in Municipal Drink-
ing Water. Journal article,
California Univ., Irvine.
W. F. McCoy, and B. H. Olson. C1985,8p EPA/600/J-
85/466
Grant EPA-R-809817
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v49
n4 p811 -817 Apr 85. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
DNA concentrations in municipal drinking water sam-
ples were measured by fluorometry, using Hoechst
33258 fluorochrome. The concentration, extraction,
and detection methods used were adapted from exist-
ing techniques. The method is reproducible, fast, accu-
rate, and simple. The amounts of DNA per cell for five
different bacterial isolates obtained from drinking
water samples were determined by measuring DNA
concentration and total cell concentration (acridine
orange epifluorescence direct cell counting) in station-
ary pure cultures. The relationship between DNA con-
centration and epifluorescence total direct cell con-
centration in 11 different drinking water samples was
linear and positive; the amounts of DNA per cell in
these samples did not differ significantly from the
amounts in pure culture isolates. (Copyright (c) 1985
American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: "Deoxyribonucleic acids, 'Bacteria, "Water
pollution, Fluorometers, Municipalities,
Concentration(Composition), Turbidity, Colleicting
methods, Chlorine, Assaying, Cells(Biology), Reprints,
"Drinking water.
PB87-170478/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Application of Cluster Analysis to Aerometrtc
Data (Journal Version). Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
H. L. Crutcher, R. C. Rhodes, M. E. Graves, B.
Fairbairn, and A. C. Nelson. c1986,9p EPA/600/ J-86/
251
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v36
n10, p1116-1122 Oct 86. See also Volume 1, P882-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
226432. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Serv-
ices, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC., PEI Associ-
ates, Inc., Durham, NC., and North Carolina Univ. at
Wilmington.
The NORMIX data analysis program, which incorpo-
rates cluster analysis and multivariate statistical analy-
sis routines, was modified and revised for use in a
UNIVAC 1110 computer. The revised program was
tested on three sample data sets and produced results
in agreement with those from the original program. The
NORMIX program was then used to evaluate and ana-
lyze eight sets of aerometric data from various
sources. Comparison of the performance of NORMIX
with two other cluster analysis algorithms, MIKCA and
SAS CLUSTER, revealed that all three programs
produce similar results in terms of hierarchical cluster-
ing, but NORMIX produces considerably more statisti-
cal evaluation and information to the user. Thus
NORMIX is recommended as the most useful cluster
analysis program of these three. (Copyright 1986-Air
Pollution Control Association.)
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Data processing, Multivar-
iate analysis, Regression analysis, Correlations, Math-
ematical models, California, Reprints, "Environmental
monitoring, 'Cluster analysis, NORMIX computer pro-
gram, Computer applications.
PB87-170551/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
ln)ectlon of Hazardous Wastes Into Deep Wells:
State-of-the-Art Report. Final rept.,
National Inst, for Petroleum and Energy Research,
Bartlesville, OK.
A. Strycker, and A. G. Collins. Feb 87,65p* EPA/600/
8-87/013
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK., and Department of Energy, Washing-
ton, DC.
About 11 percent of all hazardous wastes are present-
ly disposed of by injection wells into deep subsurface
environments. There are approximately 250 of these
Class I wells in the United States and to date their
record of performance has been good. Provisions of
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
require that by 1988 the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) must show that the disposal of specified
hazardous wastes is safe to the environment and
human health, or deepwell injection practices must be
discontinued. As a result, knowing the long-term fate
of these wastes in the injection zone becomes impor-
tant. The literature survey conducted in this work
shows that some information is available on nearly all
of the potential chemical and biological transformation
processes of hazardous wastes. Tnis survey indicates
that many factors affect the ultimate fate of injected
wastes and that additional research is needed in all
areas of abiotic and biotic waste interactions before
definitive explanations can be given on their long-term
fate.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
'Injection wells, Environmental surveys, 'Hazardous
wastes, State of the art.
PB87-170767/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Regional Reference Sites: A Method for Assess-
ing Stream Potentials. Journal article.
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
R. M. Hughes, D. P Larsen, and J. M. Omernik. C1986,
9p EPA/600/J-86/218
Contract EPA-68-03-3124
Pub. in Environmental Management, v10 n5 p629-635
1986. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
Field assessments of impacted streams require a con-
trol or at least an unbiased estimate of attainable con-
ditions. Control sites, such as upstream/downstream
or wilderness sites, have proven inadequate for as-
sessing attainable ecological conditions where the
controf streams differ naturally from the impacted
streams to a considerable degree or where different
disturbances exist than those being studied. Relatively
undisturbed reference sites with watersheds in areas
having the same land-surface form, soil, potential nat-
ural vegetation, and land use as are predominant in
large, relatively homogeneous regions are suggested
as alternative control sites. These areas are consid-
ered typical of the region because their watersheds ex-
hibit all the terrestrial variables that make that region a
region. (Copyright (c) 1986 Springer-Verlag New York
Inc.)
Keywords: 'Ecology, "Assessments, 'Stream pollu-
tion, Sites, Classifying, Disturbances, Environmental
impacts, Watersheds, Maps, Variability, Sampling, Re-
prints, Reference sites.
PB87-170775/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Ecological Changes In the Southern California
Bight Near a Large Sewage Outfall: Benthic Con-
ditions in 1980 and 1983. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Narragansett, Newport,
OR. Mark O. Hatfield Marine Science Center.
R. C. Swartz, F. A. Cole, D. W. Schults, and W. A.
DeBen. 1986,15p EPA/600/J-86/209
Pub. in Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., v31 p1 -13 1986.
The structure of the macrobenthic community, sedi-
ment toxicity, and sediment contamination changed
greatly between 1980 and 1983 along a pollution gra-
dient from the Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts'
(LACSD) sewage outfalls on the Palos Verdes Shelf,
California, USA to a reference site in northern Santa
Monica Bay. Stimulation of the species richness, bio-
mass, and density of the benthos along the 60 m con-
tour 5 to 11 km from the outfalls was significantly re-
duced in 1983 when compared to 1980. Stations 1 to 3
km from the outfalls in 1980 were occupied by a de-
pauperate fauna strongly dominated by the opportun-
istic polychaete Capitella spp. In 1983 species rich-
ness and biomass significantly increased close to the
outfalls, and Capitella spp. was much less abundant.
There was no significant toxicity associated with any
sediment from the Shelf in 1983.
Keywords: 'Outfall sewers, 'Sewage disposal, 'Ecolo-
gy, 'Benthos, 'Water pollution, Toxicity, Sediments,
Worms, Biomass, Crustacea, Recovery, Storms, Palos
Verdes Shelf, California, Reprints.
PB87-170783/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Inter-Laboratory Comparison of a Sediment Tox-
icity Test Using the Marine Amphipod, 'Rhepoxyn-
ius abronius'. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Narragansett, Newport,
OR. Mark O. Hatfield Marine Science Center.
A. J. Mearns, R. C. Swartz, J. M. Cummins, P. A.
Dinnel, and P. Plesha. c1986,27p EPA/600/J-86/208
Pub. in Marine Environmental Research v19 p13-37
1986. Prepared in cooperation with National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, Washington, DC.,
and Washington Univ., Seattle. Fisheries Research
Inst.
An inter-laboratory comparison of the Swartz et al.
(1985) amphipod sediment toxicity test was performed
for seven marine sediments of varying toxicity. Five
laboratories participated. Four a priori and one a pos-
teriori hypotheses or criteria were tested for three end
points (survival, emergence and reburial). The bioas-
say met the a priori criterion of success, acceptable
survival and behavior (emergence and reburial) of con-
trols. It also met two of three a priori hypotheses: ac-
ceptable agreemeent on the rank order of toxicity for
all three end points. The third hypothesis, classification
of sediments as toxic or non-toxic, was only met for the
emergence end point; however, this was probably due
to the narrow range of toxic sediments tested. (Copy-
right (c) Elsevier Applied Science Publishers Ltd, Eng-
land. 1986.)
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Toxicity, 'Aquatic animals,
'Water pollution, 'Puget Sound, Field tests, Vari-
ations, Comparison, Survival, Mortality, Acclimatiza-
tion, Laboratories, Cadmium, Bioassay. Reprints, "For-
eign technology, Amphipods, Rhepoxynius abronius.
PB87-170791/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Biotransformations of Selected Alkylbenzenes
and Halogenated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons In Meth-
anogsnlc Aquifer Material: A Microcosm Study.
Journal article,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
B. H. Wilson, G. B. Smith, and J. F. Rees. 1986,8p
EPA/600/J-86/227
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v20
n10 p997-1002 1986. Prepared in cooperation with
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Environmental and Ground
Water Inst., and BioTechnica Ltd., Cardiff (Wales).
Leachates from municipal landfills commonly contain a
variety of organic contaminants of industrial origin. The
behavior of these compounds in anaerobic, and par-
ticularly in methanogenic, subsurface materials is
poorly understood. The behavior of benzene, toluene,
ethylbenzene, o-xylene, 1,1-dichloroethylene, trans-
1,2-dichloroethylene, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, trichlor-
oethylene, and 1,2-dibromoethane was studied in au-
thentic aquifer material known to support methano-
genesis. (Copyright (c) 1986 American Chemical Soci-
ety.)
Keywords: "Organic compounds, 'Earth fills, "Water
pollution, Ground water, Benzene, Toluene, Ethylene,
Xylenes, Methane, Degradation, Aquifers, Municipali-
ties, Water supply, Chlorine organic compounds, Re-
prints, Leachate.
PB87-170809/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Removal of Barium and Radium from Groundwat-
er. Environmental research brief,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Civil Engi-
neering.
V. L. Snoeyink, C. C. Chambers, C. K. Schmidt, R. F.
Manner, and A. G. Myers. Feb 87,10p EPA/600/M-
86/021
Grant EPA-R-808912
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
A research project was undertaken to investigate proc-
esses for removing barium and radium from drinking
water. Special emphasis was placed on ion exchange
processes that can be used without adding large con-
centrations of sodium to the water. The wastes from
radium and barium removal processes were also char-
acterized, and processes suitable for treatment of ion
exchange brines were evaluated. The report discusses
two ion exchange processes that can be used for
barium and radium removal accompanied by either
partial or no hardness removal. The calcium-form,
strong-acid ion exchange resin can be used for banum
and radium removal without significant change in hard-
ness or the concentration of other salts. This resin can
be regenerated with CaC1 sub 2 brine. The radium-se-
lective complexer (RSC) will remove radium without al-
tering hardness or other salt concentration. The ca-
pacity of this resin for waters with low total dissolved
solids (TDS) (< 1,000 to 2,000 mg/L TDS) is in excess
of 30,000 pCi/dry g; however, if the TDS is increased
to about 40,000 mg/L, the capacity drops to 200 to
300 pCi/dry g. Thus using this resin to remove radium
from spent brine does not appear feasible.
Keywords'. 'Groundwater, 'Barium, "Radium, "Ion ex-
changing, Sodium, Hardness, Concentration, Remov-
al, Water treatment, Contaminants, RSC(Radium Se-
lective Complexer), Calcium form resin.
PB87-170817/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Analysis of Costs for the Treatment of Dental Flu-
orosis. Rept. for Jan 82-Jun 86,
Texas Univ. Health Science Center at San Antonio.
E. Collins, V. Segreto, H. Martin, arid H. Dickson. Mar
87,89p EPA/600/5-87/001
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The research project was initiated to conduct a cost/
benefit analysis for those communities whose fluoride
levels exceed two times the optimum and to determine
the economic impact of defluoridating community
drinking water. The initial data used in this study were
from a project conducted by the University of Texas at
San Antonio for the Environmental Protection Agen-
cy's Health Effect Research Laboratory. This earlier
project was used to select representative cases of flu-
orosis from each community with water fluoride levels
from optimum to 4.0 ppm. The clinical findings of each
case were presented to a panel of clinical practitioners
for diagnosis of the extent of cosmetic deformity and
dental dysfunctional effects present in the dentition as
a result of excessive fluoride. Cost estimates were
made for the remedial care proposed for each subject
by each panel member. Using these data an evalua-
tion was made of the beneficial effects of optimum
water fluoride levels (savings from caries reduction)
against the adverse costs of excessive fluoride.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Benefit cost analysis, Fluorides, Economic
impact, Potable water, Cost estimates, Tables(Data),
Dental care, "Dental fluorsis, 'Defluoridation.
PB87-170825/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)
Method Study, Method 510.1: The Determination
of the Maximum Total Trihalomethane Potential,
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH. Quality Assurance Branch.
H. Clements, J. Winter, and P. Britton. Mar 87, 56p
EPA/600/4-86/040
A method validation study of the Method, 510.1: 'The
Determination of Maximum Total Trihalomethane Po-
tential'. The MTP determination maximizes the forma-
tion of TTHM concentration could become under con-
ditions favoring TTHM formation. It may be used by
systems employing ground water sources to demon-
strate the appropriateness of a reduced monitoring re-
quirement. The method involves the reaction of 3,5-di-
hydroxybenzoic acid with a chlorine residual for a 7-
day period. When a chlorine residual is maintained
continually, the dihydroxy-benzoic acid is converted to
chloroform. If other halogens present in the make-up
water, other trihalomethanes are formed in the deter-
mination of trihalomethanes by either the purge and
trap or liquid-liquid extraction procedure. The study
design was based on Vouden's non-replicate plan for
collaborative testing by laboratories familiar with the
method.
Keywords: "Halogen organic compounds, "Methane,
"Ground water, "Water pollution, Chemical analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Waste water, Sediments,
Aquatic animals, Microorganisms, Chemical reactions,
Chloroform, Benzoic acids, Statistical analysis, Drink-
ing water.
PB87-171054/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.
Metabolism of Benzo(a)pyrene in Monolayer Cul-
tures of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells from a
Series of Donors. Journal article,
Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
J. M. Siegfried, K. Rudo, B. J. Bryant, S. Ellis, and M. J.
Mass. C1986, 6p EPA/600/J-86/223
Contract EPA-68-02-4031
Pub. in Cancer Research 46, p4368-4371 Sep 86.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search T riangle Park, NC.
Benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) metabolism was measured in
monolayer cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells
derived from eighteen specimens of explanted tissue.
Bronchial epithelial cells converted B(a)P to dihydro-
diols, phenols, quinione derivatives, and polyhydroxy-
lated forms. Sulfate and glucuronide conjugates of
B(a)P metabolites were also detected. Both total me-
tabolism and distribution of metabolites showed a 10-
fold or greater variation in cultures from different speci-
mens. When the data were divided according to smok-
ing status, however, no differences in total metabo-
lism, extent of conjugation, or distribution of metabo-
lites could be demonstrated between the two groups.
The results suggest that human bronchial epithial cells
which are newly grown from explanted tissue of smok-
ers in culture do not demonstrate enzymatic induction.
Keywords: "Bronchi, "Cells(Biology), "Damage, "Car-
cinogens, Humans, Epithelium, Tissues(Biology), Me-
tabolism, Malignant neoplasms, Smoking, Toxicity, Re-
prints, Benzopyrene.
PB87-171062/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Acute Toxicity of Pesticides in Adult and Weanl-
ing Rats. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
T. B. Gaines, and R. E. Under. 1986,12p EPA/600/J-
86/22
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 7, p299-
308 1986.
LD sub 50 values were determined for 57 pesticides
administered by the oral or dermal route to adult male
and female Sherman rats. Nine pesticides tested by
the oral route (bufencarb, cacodylic acid, dialifor, del-
tamethrin, dicamba, diquat, quintozene, phoxim, pyra-
zon) and 4 tested by the dermal route (bufencarb,
chlordimeform, dichlofenthion, leptophos) were more
toxic to females than to males whereas famphur and
2,4,5-T (oral route) were less toxic to females. Eight-
een of the test chemicals were more toxic to the adult
than to the weanling and 4 compounds (leptophos,
methidathion, pyrazon and sulfoxide) were more toxic
to the weanling. In additional studies the variability of
the LD sub 50 value over a one year period was exam-
ined for 2 typical insecticides. Six consecutive bi-
monthly oral LD sub 50 determinations for parathion
and DDT in adults of both sexes indicated that the LD
sub 50 values were little affected by the time of year
that the tests were done.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxicity, Exposure, Environ-
mental impact, Toxicology, Hazardous materials,
Tests, Laboratory animals, Rats, Reprints, "LD50
values, Health risk.
PB87-171070/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Improved Method for Recovery of Enteric Viruses
from Wastewater Sludges. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. J. Hurst, and T. Goyke. 1986, 6p EPA/600/J-86/
254
Pub. in Water Research, v20 n10 p1321-1324 Oct 86.
Various parameters involved in recovering indigenous
enteric viruses from wastewater sludges aided by buf-
fered beef extract elution and subsequent organic floc-
culation concentration were examined. Conditions
were optimized to yield an overall effective method for
use in environmental virus occurrence studies. Initial
adsorption of viruses to the sludge solids was best ac-
complished by adjustment of the samples to pH 3.5
followed by supplementation with aluminum chloride.
Elution of the solids-adsorbed viruses was achieved by
agitating the solids for 30 minutes in five equivalent
volumes of pH 7.4, buffered 10% beef extract solution.
Concentration of viruses from the eluants was accom-
plished by organic flocculation at pH 3.5
Keywords: 'Enteroviruses, "Recovery, "Sludge,
Waste water. Optimization, Adsorption, Extraction,
Beef, Concentration(Composition). Flocculating, pH,
Aluminum chloride, Reprints.
PB87-171088/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Bioavailability of 1-Nitropyrene from Model Coal
Fly Ash and Its Uptake by Alveolar Macrophages.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. L. Mumford, S. B. Tejada, M. Jackson, and J.
Lewtas. C1986,12p EPA/600/J-86/200
Pub. in Environmental Research 40, p427-436 1986.
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Health
Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park,
NC.
Alveolar macrophage cultures exposed to coal fly ash
vapor-coated with 1 -nitropyrene were used as a model
system to study the bioavailability and the uptake of a
nitroaromatic hydrocarbon from coal combustion emis-
sions. Initially, 1-nitropyrene-coated fly ash and un-
coated fly ash were examined for cytotoxicity using
rabbit alveolar macrophages and for mutagenicity in
the Salmonella typhimurium plate incorporation assay.
The results were compared to determine the effects of
vapor deposition. The distribution and recovery of 1-ni-
tropyrene from macrophage cultures treated with
coated fly ash were determined by using a reverse-
phase high-performance liquid chromatography-fluo-
rescence method. 1-Nitropyrene alone was not very
toxic, nor did vapor deposition of 1-nitropyrene onto
coal fly ash significantly affect the toxicity of the fly
ash. Most toxicity resulted from the original, uncoated,
fly ash particles, 1-Nitropyrene after being coated onto
the particles was bioavailable in agar and aqueous cul-
ture medium. The coated fly ash showed mutagenic
activity when the particles were tested directly; the un-
coated fly ash did not show mutagenic activity. 1-Nitro-
pyrene recovery from alveolar macrophage cultures
exposed to the coated fly ash diminished as cell
number increased. The rate of 1 -nitropyrene loss was
2.7 ng/.000001 macrophages for medium and 4.1 ng/
.000001 macrophages for the whole culture. The mu-
tagenic activity recovered from these macrophage cul-
tures also decreased with increasing cell number.
(Copyright (c) 1986 Academic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Fly ash, 'Coal, "Pyrenes, 'Toxicity,
Cultures(Biology), Vapor deposition, Mutagens, Com-
bustion products, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Reprints,
"Biological availability, Nitropyrenes, Macrophages.
PB87-171096/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Removing Dissolved Inorganic Contaminants
from Water. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
D. Clifford, T. J. Sorg, and S. Subramonian. C1986,12p
EPA/600/J-86/242
Pub. in Environmental Science Technology, v20 n11
pi 072-1080 1986.Portions of this document are not
fully legible. Prepared in cooperation with Houston
Univ., fx.
Dissolved inorganic contaminants in water can be cati-
onic, anionic, or neutral forms of ions, atoms, or mole-
cules of any element in the periodic table. The article
describes the physicochemical treatment processes
typically used to remove the more common inorganic
contaminants from water and wastewater. These are
precipitation, coprecipitation, adsorption, ion ex-
change, membrane separations by reverse osmosis
and electrodialysis, and combinations of these proc-
esses. The general criteria for process selection are
discussed, and the processes and their typical applica-
tions are described. (Copyright (c) 1986 American
Chemical Society.)
Keywords: "Inorganic compounds, "Removal, 'Water
treatment, Waste water, Precipitation(Chemistry), Ad-
sorption, Ion exchanging, Separation, Membranes,
Fluid filters, Reprints, Reverse osmosis.
PB87-171104/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Influence of the Organophosphate Insecticide
Fenthion on 'Mysidopsis bahla' Exposed during a
Complete Life Cycle: 1. Survival, Reproduction,
and Age-Specific Growth. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
C. L. McKenney. 1986,11p EPA/600/J-86/240
Pub. in Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v1 p131-139
Jul 86.
Survival, growth, and various measures of reproduc-
tive performance were examined for an estuarine
mysid, Mysidopsis bahia, throughout its life cycle
during exposure to the organophosphate insecticide,
fenthion. Both individual fecundity of females and total
population production of young were reduced by tenth-
ion concentrations of 79 ng/l and higher. Suppression
of mysid growth rates was evident after only 4 days ex-
posure of juvenile mysids to sublethal fenthion con-
centrations; lower concentrations (79 ng/l) retarded
growth rates of the more rapidly growing advanced ju-
veniles after approximately 2 weeks exposure. Re-
duced survival capacity, retarded growth rates, and di-
minished reproductive success of mysid populations
with chronic, low-ievel exposure to fenthion would
result in lowered production rates of an important prey
population for commercially important fish that utilize
the estuary as a nursery.
Keywords: 'Reproduction(Biology), Population growth,
Fecundity, Estuaries, Contaminants. Toxicity, Mortali-
ty, Growth abnormalities, Reprints, 'Mysidopsis bahia,
'Fenthion, Organic phosphates.
PB87-171112/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Inhibition of Arm Regeneration by 'Ophtodarma
brevispina' (Echlnodermata, Ophiuroldea) by Trl-
butylln Oxide. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
G. E. Walsh, L. L. McLaughlin, M. K. Louie, C. H.
Deans, and E. M. Lores. 1986,8p EPA/600/J-86/241
Pub. in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 12
p95-100 1986.
Tributyltinoxide (TBTO) and triphenyltin oxide (TPTO)
inhibited regeneration of arms of the brittle star, Ophio-
derma brevispina, at low concentrations. Statistically
significant inhibition of growth was caused by 0.1 mi-
crograms/! of both compounds, and inhibition was in-
dicated In all tests at 0.01 micrograms/l. These are the
lowest reported toxicity values for organotins and sug-
gest that brittle stars may be sensitive subjects for tox-
icity testing.
Keywords: 'Regeneration(Physiology), 'Toxicity
Arm(Anatomy), Wound healing, Water pollution. Haz-
ardous materials, Environmental impacts, Inhibition
Reprints, 'Tributyltin oxide, "Triphenyltin oxide'
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
"Ophioderma brevispina, Neurotoxins, Organotins,
Buttle stars.
PB87-171120/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Lugworm ('Arenicola cristata') Larvae in Toxicity
Tests: Survival and Development When Exposed
to Organotins. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
G. E. Walsh, M. K. Louie, L. L. McLaughlin, and E. M.
Lores. 1986, 8p EPA/600/J-86/239
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v5
P749-754 1986.
Eggs of the lugworm, Arenicola cristata, were exposed
for 96 and 168 h to bis(triphenyltin) oxide (TPTO), tri-
phenyltin chloride (TPTC), bis (tri-n-butyltin) oxide
(TBTO), and tributyltin acetate (TBTA). Effects were
death and abnormal development of larvae. TPTO and
TBTO were more toxic than TPTC and TBTA. Several
developmental stages, from egg to swimming larva,
were exposed to TPTO. The most sensitive stages
were early trochophore and early settled stage. The
range of concentrations between 100% survival and
100% mortality was narrow in all tests.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Survival, "Growth abnormalities.
Exposure, Development, Larvae, Eggs, Reprints, "Or-
ganotin compounds, "Toxic substances, Lugworm,
Arenicola cristata, TPTO (Triphenyltin/oxide-bis),
TPTC(Triphenyltin /chloride), TBTO(Tributyltin / n-
oxide-bis), TBTA(T ributyltin/acetate).
PB87-171138/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Naval Aerospace Medical Research Lab., Pensacola,
FL.
Relation ol Survival to Other Endpolnts in Chronic
Toxicity Tests with Fish. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
F. L. Mayer, K. S. Mayer, and M. R. Ellersieck. c1986,
14p EPA/600/J-86/238
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 5,
P737-748 1986. Prepared in cooperation with Colum-
bia National Fisheries Research Lab., MO., and Mis-
souri Univ.-Columbia. Sponsored by Naval Aerospace
Medical Research Lab., Pensacola, FL.
Hazard assessments of chemicals in aquatic orga-
nisms often include chronic toxicity testing. The eval-
uation of exposure duration and of the life stages
tested according to standard test methods had led to
the development of shorter chronic toxicity tests. A
similar evaluation of biological endpoints (i.e., survival,
growth and reproduction) could result in tests that are
more economical. The authors analyzed endpoints for
28 chemicals and seven fish species in 34 chronic tox-
icity studies. When all endpoints were compared, sur-
vival was equal to or more sensitive than all other end-
points 56 to 69% of the time. The no observed effect
concentration (NOEC) for growth could be predicted
from the NOEC for survival by using interendpoint cor-
relations (r=0.949 to 0.974). Ratios of NOECs for sur-
vival to those for all other endpoints examined were 5
or less in 93 to 96% of the comparisons (specific end-
point comparisons ranged from 80 to 100%).
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Fishes, "Water pollution, Tests,
Survival, Hazards, Exposure, Growth,
Reproduction(Biology). Larvae, Life cycles, Pesticides,
Comparison, Reprints.
P687-171179/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Procedures tor Estimating Probability of Nonat-
tainment of a PM(10) NAAQS Using Total Sus-
pended Particulate or PM(10) Data,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
T. G. Pace, E. L. Meyer, N. H. Frank, and S. F. Sleva.
Dec 86,64p EPA/450/4-86/017
The proposed primary National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQS) for particulate matter (PM) specify
ambient concentrations for particles smaller than 10
micrometers aerodynamic diameter (PM(10)). The
document describes a methodology for using available
PM(10) measurements in conjunction with TSP data to
estimate whether or not the annual and/or 24-hour
NAAQS for PM(10) are likely to be violated (probability
of nonattainment). The probability of nonattainment is
one of the criteria which are used to specify action
States are to take in developing PM(10) monitoring re-
quirements and State Implementation Plans (SIP's).
The document also addresses appropriate methods
for determining the spatial extent of the nonattainment
situations.
Keywords: "Air pollution, Concentration(Composition),
Guidance, "PM10 model, Particulates, National Ambi-
ent Air Quality Standards.
PB87-171187/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Technical Discussion Related to the Choice of
Photolytic Rates for Carbon Bond Mechanisms in
OZIPM4/EKMA,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
H. E. Jeffries, and K. G. Sexton. Feb 87, 71p EPA/
450/4-87/003
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analy-
sis Div.
The report proposes to explain the methods, and to
identify the sources of information used to calculate
photolytic rates, for the chemical models Carbon Bond
III (CB3) and Carbon Bond IV (CB4) for use in the
OZIPM3 and OZIPM4 oxidant modeling programs. The
mixed layer photolytic rates described in Chapter 4 are
also the default rates for CB4 in the OZIPM4 program,
expected to be used in new State Implementation Plan
calculations. The report also reviews previous recom-
mendations for photolytic rates used in the original
OZIPP program and in the revised program OZIPM2.
Keywords: Photolysis, Atmospheric chemistry, Reac-
tion mechanisms, "Photolytic rates.
PB87-171195/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Review of Control Strategies for Ozone and Their
Effects on Other Environmental Issues,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
E. L. Meyer. Nov 86,117p EPA/450/4-85/011
The review summarizes theoretical, experimental, field
and modeling data related to effects of reducing vola-
tile organic compounds (VOC), oxides of nitrogen
(NOx) or both for meeting the ambient air quality
standard for ozone (03). Implications are reviewed for
several environmental concerns. These include 03
levels within and immediately downwind of major
sources of precursors (i.e., cities), 03 concentrations
in rural/remote areas, ambient levels of nitrogen diox-
ide (N02), acidic species formation and visibility at-
tenuation.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Air pollution control. Nitrogen
oxides, Atmospheric models, Nitrogen dioxide,
Concentration(Composition), "Environmental effects,
Volatile organic compounds, Acid deposition.
PB87-171252/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Composting Municipal Sludge: A Technology
Evaluation. Final rept. Jan 84-Oct 85,
Brown and Caldwell, Pleasant Hill, CA.
A. H. Benedict, E. Epstein, and J- Alpert. Mar 87,192p*
EPA/600/2-87/021
Contract EPA-68-03-1818
Prepared in cooperation with E and A Environmental
Consultants, Inc., Stoughton, MA. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water
Engineering Research Lab.
Investigations at five full-scale municipal sludge com-
posting facilities are described in the report. Study ob-
jectives were to assess design, construction, oper-
ation, and cost features of static pile and windrow
technologies used at each facility and to compare
these features for municipal sludge composting appli-
cations. Three static pile facilities, one conventional
windrow facility, and one aerated windrow facility were
investigated. One static pile facility composts anaero-
bically digested sludge, one composts limed raw
sludge, and the third composts unlimed raw sludge.
Both windrow facilities compost anaerobically digest-
ed sludge. Sludge loadings varied from 50 to 500 wet
tons per day. Static pile and windrow technologies typi-
cally require 0.08 to 0.14 acres per wet ton per day.
Paving and covering key operating areas can enhance
reliability, but site-specific factors need to be as-
sessed. Both technologies can produce a marketable
product under variable operating conditions. Technol-
ogy-specific findings related to static pile construction
or windrow formation, process control, drying, screen-
ing, curing, and cost are described.
Keywords: "Sludge disposal, Design, Construction,
Operation, Cost analysis, Technology, Tables(Data),
Waste treatment, "Municipal sludge, 'Sludge treat-
ment, "Solid waste disposal, Composting.
PB87-171278/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Underground Storage Tank Corrective Action
Technologies. Final rept. Jan-Dec 86,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
R. Cochran. Jan 87,205p EPA/625/6-87/015
Contract EPA-68-02-3995
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The document contains information on corrective
action technologies for releases from underground
storage tanks (UST). It probes general background in-
formation on UST construction techniques, leak detec-
tion methods, and failure mechanisms. It also address-
es transport pathways of released substances, tech-
niques for evaluating the extent of a release, factors in-
fluencing risk to human health and the environment,
techniques for selecting initial corrective-action re-
sponse technologies, and detailed technical profiles of
corrective-action technologies. Emphasis is on correc-
tive actions associated with releases from gasoline
and petroleum USTS.
Keywords:	"Underground	storage,
"Tanks(Containers), "Leakage, Petroleum, Gasoline,
Detection, Corrective action technologies.
PB87-171286/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Fabric Filter on Boiler 108 at the
Naval Amphibious Base, Little Creek, Virginia.
Final rept. jun 83-Sep 86,
ETS, Inc., Roanoke, VA.
J. M. Foster, J. C. Mycock, J. W. Richardson, and J. D.
McKenna. Mar 87, 59p EPA/600/7-87/009
Contract EPA-68-02-3939
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Apency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of an evaluation of fabric filtra-
tion on Boiler 108. The operating characteristics of the
reverse-air baghouse controlling emissions from Boiler
108 were determined via data (collected by Navy per-
sonnel) on boiler and baghouse operation (hours of
operation, coal feed rate, steam load, air load, bagh-
ouse inlet temperature, and baghouse module pres-
sure drop), and periodic inspection and testing of se-
lected bags. Tests of physical characteristics of the fi-
berglass bags revealed normal deterioration of fabric
strength with increasing time of exposure to flue gas.
Fill fibers were more affected than warp fibers. A long
plateau in bag life was observed; fabric characteristics
after 1500 hours of actual operation and after 7600
hours did not differ greatly. Statistical analyses of
fabric test data indicated effects on fabric due both to
length of exposure time and position in the baghouse,
and interaction of those effects. Other analyses indi-
cated that exposure time was the dominant effect. Op-
erating costs for reverse-air and induced-draft fans
were calculated for 1983,1984, and 1985.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Boilers, "Fabric fil-
ters, Filters, Flue gases, Combustion, Performance,
Operating costs, "Stationary sources, Particulates.
PB87-171328/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Pollutant Emission Factors for Gas Stoves: A Lit-
erature Survey. Final rept. Jun 85-May 86,
Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA.
C. I. Davidson, J. E. Borrazzo, and C. T. Hendrickson.
Feb 87,101 p EPA/800/9-87/005
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Published emission factors for CO, NO, N02, and NOx
have been summarized. In a statistical analysis of the
available data, stove differences and type of combus-
tion are the most important factors in explaining the
observed variance in emission factors. Limited data
also suggest that CO and N02 emission factors vary
considerably with gas flow rate. It is concluded that the
influence of stove design, gas flow rate, and character-
istics of stove use are key factors which merit further
study.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Stoves, *Gas appliances,
Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Tables(Data),
Graphs(Charts), 'Emission factors, "Pollutants, Sta-
tionary sources.
PB87-171435/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Programs in Oregon: An EPA (En-
vironmental Protection Agency) Report, 1987.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
1987,13p EPA/910/9-87/158
EPA is often regarded by the public as an invisible
agency that only materializes in the event of cata-
strophic environmental spills. In truth, EPA, and the
federal environmental laws it administers, are an
unseen presence in almost every phase of Oregon life.
EPA does not work alone. In nearly every major envi-
ronmental program a close working relationship exists
between EPA and its counterpart state agencies. The
report will introduce pertinent environmental programs
and then highlight the most pressing issues.
Keywords: 'Pollution, 'Oregon, Research Program
Administration,	State	government,
Law(Jurisprudence), Environmental impacts.
PB87-171674/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Stationary Source Compliance Div.
Guideline for Surface Coating Calculations.
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Jul 86, 85p EPA/340/1-86/016
Contract EPA-68-02-3963
See also PB85-159044. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Stationary
Source Compliance Div.
The calculation of volatile organic compound emis-
sions from surface coating operations to determine
compliance is often a complicated task. In an attempt
to minimize the confusion, EPA (OAQPS) has periodi-
cally issued guidance in the area, generally in the form
of memoranda to the EPA Regional Offices. A Guide-
line for Surface Coating Calculations' takes the above
guidance process one step further for surface coating
operations. Guidance is provided on how to compute
existing and allowed emissions based on the above
document as well as previously issued Control Tech-
nique Guidelines for the individual categories. Example
calculations are included for basic emission problems,
compliance determinations, equivalency determina-
tions, application of transfer efficiency, and calcula-
tions involving complex multiproduct plants. The ap-
propriate data sheets, a list of various equations and
notations, and graphs and tables useful in making the
above calculations are also included.
Keywords: "Coatings, 'Air pollution control, 'Manuals,
•Regulations, Paints, Guidelines, Ink, Organic com-
pounds, 'Volatile organic compounds, EPA method
24, Procedures, Numerical solution.
PB87-171906/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
ROADWAY: A Numerical Model for Predicting Air
Pollutants Near Highway*. User's Guide. Final
rept.,
Aerocomp, Inc., Costa Mesa, CA.
R. Eskridge, and J. Catalano. Mar 87,148p EPA/600/
6-87/010
Contract EPA-68-02-4106	.
See also PB86-222361. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Sciences Research Lab.
ROADWAY is a finite-difference model which solves a
conservation of species equation to predict pollutant
concentrations within two hundred meters of a high-
way. It uses surface layer similarity theory to predict
wind and eddy diffusion profiles from temperature at
two heights and wind velocity upwind of the highway. A
unique feature of the model is its use of vehicle wake
theory which was originally developed by Eskridge and
Hunt (1979), and was modified by Eskridge and
Thompson (1982); Eskridge and Rao (1983,1985). It is
assumed that vehicle wakes affect the wind and turbu-
lence fields in a linear manner with wake intensity a
function of vehicle speed, downwind distance, and dis-
tance from the wake center. The user has the option of
considering NO, N02, and 03 chemical reactions near
the road. Output from the model consists of x-z fields
of wind components, eddy diffusion coefficients, and
concentration of pollutant.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Highways, 'Mathematical
models,	'Atmospheric	diffusion,
Concentration(Composition), Ozone, Nitrogen oxides,
Fortran, Computer program, Algorithms, ROADWAY
model, Computer applications, Pollutants.
PB87-171955/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1985.
Volume 4. West-Central Illinois Region. Annual
rept.,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
J. Hawes, G. Michaud, W. Hammel, and K. Luly. Jul 86,
300p IEPA/WPC/86/005D
See also Volume 1, PB86-197001 .Portions of this doc-
ument are not fully legible.
The report is Vol. IV of a series of 7 reports summariz-
ing Illinois EPA's 1985 Volunteer Lake Monitoring Pro-
gram. It provides a program overview, summarizes re-
sults for 18 lakes in West-Central Illinois, and dis-
cusses lake/watershed management strategies. It
also contains individual analyses and recommenda-
tions for lakes monitored during 9 or more sampling
periods, and data for lakes monitored 4-8 sampling pe-
riods. Twenty-nine volunteers recorded total depth,
Secchi disc transparency, and field observations for 18
lakes in West-Central Illinois between May and Octo-
ber, 1985-
Keywords: 'Illinois, 'Lakes, 'Water pollution, Citizen
participation, Monitoring, Transparence, Depth, Sea-
sonal variations, Trophic level.
PB87-172151/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Physiological Impact of Dredged Sediment on
Two Benthic Species,
New England Aquarium, Boston, MA. Edgerton Re-
S63rch Ldb
D. M. Johns. Mar 87, 81 p EPA/600/3-87/011,, ERLN-
X118
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Narra-
gansett, Rl.
Several international commissions have recently
called for effective short-term biological response
measurements which can adequately detect the ef-
fects of environmental concentrations of contami-
nants. The report describes efforts to develop a direct
comparison of the effects of Black Rock Harbor
dredged material on the bioenergetics of juvenile
Nephtys incisa exposed in the laboratory and of indi-
viduals obtained in the field from a controlled disposal
of Black Rock Harbor material. In addition the effects
of exposure to suspended BRH material on the bioen-
ergetics of the mysid, Mysiodopsis bahia were also de-
termined.
Keywords: 'Dredging, 'Sediments, 'Benthos, 'Water
pollution, Animal physiology, Exposure, Solid waste
disposal, Black Rock Harbor, Long Island Sound,
"Nephtys incisa, 'Mysiodopsis bahia.
PB87-172250/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Development Document for Best Conventional
Pollutant Control Technology Effluent Limitations
Guidelines for the Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard
and the Builders' Paper and Board Mills Point
Source Categories. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Industrial Technology Div.
Dec 86,277p* EPA/440/1-86/025
The document presents the findings of a study of the
pulp, paper and paper-board and the builder' paper
and board mills point source categories. The purpose
of this study was to develop effluent limitations guide-
lines representing the best conventional pollutant con-
trol Technology (BCT) for existing sources. These reg-
ulations were prommulgated on July 9, 1986 (51 Fft
24974) under the authority of Sections 301, 304, 306,
307, and 501 of the Clean Water Act (The Federal
Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972, 33
USC 1251 et Seq., as amended by the Clean Water
Act of 1977, P.L. 95-217 (the 'Act') and in response to
the Settlement Agreement in Natural Resources De-
fense Council, Inc. v. Train. 8 ERC 2120 (D.D.C. 1976),
modified, 12 ERC 2833 (D.D.C. 1979).
Keywords: "Effluents, "Paper industry, Guidelines, In-
dustrial wastes, Concentration(Composition), Regula-
tions, Pulp mills. Cost estimates, "Pollution control,
"Point sources, Best conventional technology.
PB87-172268/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Development Document for Final Best Conven-
tional Technology Effluent Limitations Guidelines
for the Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Point
Source Category. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Industrial Technology Div.
T. O'Farrell, and F. Hund. Dec 86,58p* EPA/440/1-
86/084
The document presents the technical rationale for best
conventional technology (BCI) effluent limitations
guidelines for the pharmaceutical manufacturing point
source category as required by the Clean Water Act of
1977 (P.L 95-217, 'the Act'). The document describes
the technologies considered as the bases for BCT limi-
tations. Section II of this document summarizes the
rulemaking process. Sections III through V describe
the technical data and engineering analyses used to
develop the regulatory technology options. The costs
and removals associated with each technology option
for each plant and the application of the BCT cost test
methodology are presented in Section VI. BCI limita-
tions bases on the best conventional pollutant control
technology are to be achieved by existing direct dis-
charging facilities.
Keywords: "Effluents, Guidelines, Industrial wastes,
Costs. Concentration(Composition), Waste treatment,
"Pollution control, "Pharmaceutical industry, "Point
sources, Best conventional technology.
PB87-172300/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Water Resources Data, Georgia, Water Year 1985.
Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 84-30 Sep 85,
Geological Survey, Doraville, GA. Water Resources
Div.
W. R. Stokes, T. W. Hale, J. L. Pearman, and G. R.
Buell. Sep 86,401 p USGS/WRD/HD-86/264, USGS/
WDR/GA-85/1
See also PB86-127016.
Water resources data for the 1985 water year for
Georgia consists of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage ana contents of lakes
and reservoirs; and ground-water levels. The report
contains discharge records of 109 gaging stations;
stage for 11 gaging stations; stage and contents for 18
lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 109 continuing-
record stations; peak stage and discharge only for 121
crest-stage partial-record stations and 6 miscellane-
ous sites; and water levels of 27 observation wells.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Surface waters, 'Georgia,
Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Streams,
Reservoirs, Water table, "Water quality data, "Hydro-
logic data, Water levels, Discharge(Water).
PB87-172342/HSU	PC E99/MF E99
Application for Certification 1987 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1987,1088p-in 2v
Set includes PB87-172359, and PB87-172367. See
also PB87-141651.
No abstract available.
PB87-1723S9/HSU	PCS80.00/MFS17.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1987 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Isuzu.
Isuzu Motors America, Inc., Southfield, Ml.
1987, 811 p EPA/460/A-87 /19
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See also PB87-172367 and PB86-135845. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Also available in set of 2 reports PC E99/MF E99.
PB87-172342.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing, Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, Fuel sys-
tems, Ignition systems, "Light duty vehicles, 'Certifica-
tion, 'Exhaust emission control devices, 'Evaporative
emission control devices, Compliance, Air pollution
abatement, Motor vehicles(l 987 models), Isuzu vehi-
cles.
PB87-172367/HS0	PC$37.50/MF$16.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1987 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles • Mazda.
Mazda Motor Corp., Hiroshima (Japan).
1987, 277p EPA/460/A-87/20
See also PB87-172359 and PB87-141727. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 2 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB87-172342.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Fuel sys-
tems, Ignition systems, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Certifica-
tion, 'Exhaust emission control devices, 'Evaporative
emission control devices, Compliance, Air pollution
abatement, Motor vehicle) 1987 models), Mazda vehi-
cles.
PB87-172375/HSU	PC E99/MF E99
Application for Certification 1987 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicles/Engines.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1987, 2354p-in6v
Set includes PB87-172383 through PB87-172433.
No abstract available.
PB87-172383/HSU	PC$57.00/MF»16.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1987 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicles - Chrysler Motors.
Chrysler Corp., Detroit, Ml.
1987,523p EPA/460/A-87/21
See also PB87-172391 and PBB7-141628. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB87-172375.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engines design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, 'Heavy-duty
vehicles, 'Certification, "Exhaust emission control de-
vices, "Evaporative emission control devices, Motor
vehicles(1987 models), Compliance, Air pollution
abatement, Chrysler vehicles.
PB87-172391/HSU	PCS63.5O/MFS16.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1987 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicles/Engines - Ford Motor Com-
For
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, 'Trucks,
"Certification, "Heavy-duty vehicles, "Heavy-duty en-
gines, "Exhaust emission control devices, "Evapora-
tive emission control devices, Motor vehicles(1987
models). Heavy duty engines(1987 models) Compli-
ance, Air pollution abatement, Mercedes-Benz trucks,
Mercedes-Benz engines.
PB87-172896/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Reconnaissance Survey of Eight Bays in Puget
Sound. Volume 1. Final rept.
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Sequim, WA. Marine
Research Lab.
Dec 86, 260p EPA/910/9-87/161A
Contract DE-AC06-76RL01830
See also Volume 2, PB87-172904. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA. Region X,
and Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Over the past two years, Pacific Northwest Laborato-
ry's (PNL) Marine Research Laboratory (MRL) has
conducted a research program in Puget Sound with
the objective of developing a better understanding of
the toxic contamination problems in selected urban-in-
dustrialized bays. Two major tasks comprised this
effort. First, screening surveys and analyses were con-
ducted in four urban-industrialized embayments (Bel-
lingham Bay, Port Gardner-Everett Harbor, the Four-
mile Rock-Elliott Bay Dump site vicinity, Sinclair Inlet)
and in four baseline embayments (Samish Bay, Case
Inlet, Dabab Bay, Sequim Bay) to serve as a guide for
more detailed technical analyses. The second task in-
volved conducting detailed surveys and analyses in
the same bays, but at a limited number of stations. The
result of these surveys are given in the report.
Keywords: * Industrial wastes, "Water pollution, "Puget
Sound, "Surveys, Toxicity, Contaminants, Ecology,
Bays(Topographic features), Sampling, Chemical anal-
ysis, Environmental monitoring, Toxic substances.
PB87-172904/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Reconnaissance Survey of Eight Bays in Puget
Sound. Volume 2. Final rept.
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Sequim, WA. Marine
Research Lab.
Dec 86,121 p EPA/910/9-87 /161B
Contract DE-AC06-76RL01830
See also Volume 1, PB87-172896. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA. Region X,
and Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Over the past two years, Pacific Northwest Laborato-
ry's (PNL) Marine Research Laboratory (MRL) has
conducted a research program in Puget Sound with
the objective of developing a better understanding of
the toxic contamination problems in selected urban-in-
dustrialized bays. This volume includes five appen-
dixes- Station identification and protocol for station se-
lection; Sedimentary characteristics and contaminant
levels; Amphipod bioassay; Oyster larval bioassay;
Data matrix.
Keywords: "Industrial wastes, "Water pollution *Puget
Sound "Surveys, Toxicity, Contaminants, Ecology,
Bays(Topographic features). Sampling, Chemical anal-
ysis, Tables(Data), Environmental monitoring. Toxic
substances.
774 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB87-173068/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.	.
Comparison of Air Quality Model Estimates with
Measured S02 Concentrations near March Point,
Washington. Final rept.,
TRC Environmental Consultants, Inc., Mill Creek, WA.
K. D. Winges. Dec 86,102p REPT-3710-Q81, EPA/
910/9-86/147
Contract EPA-68-02-3886
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seat-
tle, WA. Region X.
The report documents an air quality modeling study of
sulfur dioxide concentrations near March Point, Wash-
ington. The current study evaluated the measured data
from these air quality monitors with predictions using
the SHORTZ and ISCST air quality models. A series of
20 different test periods were used in the model eval-
uations. Neither model preformed well in a comparison
of measured and predicted values when the data are
paired in space and time. However, model prediction
improved for both models when comparison was per-
formed with the data paired in time, but not in space.
The main conclusions were that air monitoring is not
necessary, given the low level of impacts, and that nei-
ther model offers significant advantages unless terrain
heights are higher than the stack heights, in which
case the SHORTZ Model is preferred.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Atmospheric models,
"Sulfur dioxide, Concentration(Composition), Meteor-
ology, Graphs(Charts), "Air quality, "Atmospheric dis-
persion, SHORTZ model, ISCST model.
PB87-173159/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Minimum Technology Guidance on Single Liner
Systems for Landfills, Surface Impoundments,
and Waste Piles - Design, Construction, and Oper-
ation. Draft rept. 1982-85.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
24 May 85, 62p EPA/530/SW-85/013
See also PB87-151072.
The document presents the new requirements for in-
terim status waste piles applying to new units and re-
placements and lateral expansions on existing units. In
addition, the existing single liner standards of
264.221(a), for surface impoundments, and
264.301(a), for Landfills, still have applicability to por-
tions of existing units that are not covered by waste at
the time of permit issuance. The document identifies
design, construction, and operation specifications that
can be used by owners and operators in order to
comply with the requirements of 264.221(a),
264.251 (a), and 264.301 (a).
Keywords: "Waste disposal, "Linings, Regulations,
Earth fills, Standards, Design, Construction, Operation,
"Surface impoundments, "Waste piles, "Landfills.
PB87-173217/HSU	CPT11
SAI (Systems Applications, Incorporated) Urban
Airshed Model. Model,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Div. of Meteorology.
K. L. Schere. Jun 85,1 p* EPA/600/8-85/077C, EPA/
SW/MT-87/017
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. Call NTIS
Computer Products if you have questions. Price in-
cludes documentation, PB85-191575, and PB85-
191567.
The magnetic tape contains the FORTRAN source
code, sample input data, and sample output data for
the SAI Urban Airshed Model (UAM). The UAM is a 3-
dimensional gridded air quality simulation model that is
well suited for predicting the spatial and temporal dis-
tribution of photochemical pollutant concentrations in
an urban area. The model is based on the equations of
conservation of mass for a set of reactive pollutants in
a turbulent flow field. To solve these equations the
UAM uses numerical techniques set in a 3-D finite dif-
ference grid array of cells, each about 1 to 10 kilome-
ters wide and 10 to several hundred meters deep. As
output, the model provides the calculated pollutant
concentrations in each cell as a function of time. The
chemical species of prime interest included in the UAM
simulations are 03, NO, N02 and several organic
compounds and classes of compounds. The UAM
system contains at its core the Airshed Simulation Pro-
gram that accesses input data consisting of 10 to 14
files, depending on the program options chosen. Each
file is created by a separate data preparation program.
There are 17 programs in the entire UAM system. The
services of a qualified dispersion meteorologist, a
chemist, and a computer programmer will be neces-
sary to implement and apply the UAM and to interpret
the results. Soltware Description: The program is writ-
ten in the FORTRAN programming language for imple-
mentation on a UNIVAC 1110 computer under the
UNIVAC 110 0 operating system level 38R5A. Memory
requirement is 80K.
Keywords: "Models-simulation, "Air pollution, "Smog,
Urban areas, Photochemical reactions,
Concentration(Composition), Mathematical models,
Input output routines, Magnetic tapes, Ozon, Nitrogen
oxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Organic compounds, *Air
quality display model, "Air quality data, *SAI Urban
Airshed Model, "Air pollution forecasts, L = Fortran, H
= Univac-1110.
PB87-173B11/HSU	PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Background Information Document for the Devel-
opment of Regulations to Control the Burning of
Hazardous Wastes in Boilers and Industrial Fur-
naces.
Engineering-Science, Fairfax, VA.
Jan 87,645p-in 3v
Set includes PB87-173829 through PB87-173845.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste and Emergen-
cy Response.
No abstract available.
PB87-173829/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Background Information Document for the Devel-
opment of Regulations to Control the Burning of
Hazardous Wastes In Boilers and Industrial Fur-
naces. Volume 1. Industrial Boilers. Draft rept.
Engineering-Science, Fairfax, VA.
Jan 87,220p EPA/530/SW-87/014A
Contract EPA-68-01-7053
See atso Volume 2, PB87-173837.Portions of this doc-
ument are not fully legible. Sponsored by Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB87-
173811.
The background information document summarizes
the Waste Management Division's studies in the devel-
opment of proposed regulations for the burning of haz-
ardous waste in boilers. The report includes a charac-
terization of industrial boilers which have a potential for
burning hazardous waste as well as a summary of test
data and test methods used in determining the emis-
sions from these devices when burning hazardous
waste. Also included in the report is a characterization
of various hazardous waste streams from various data
sources, quantities of hazardous waste burned in boil-
ers and furnaces, modifications to boilers systems to
burn hazardous waste, and various cost elements
needed for the Regulatory Impact Analysis.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Boilers, "Furnaces,
"Industrial wastes, "Air pollution control, Regulations!
Combustion products, Incineration, Cost analysis!
Concentration(Composition). Sources. Contaminants!
"Hazardous wastes, "Waste management. Emission
factors.
PB87-173837/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Background Information Document for the Devel-
opment of Regulations to Control the Burning of
Hazardous Wastes In Boilers and Industrial Fur-
naces. Volume 2. Industrial Furnaces. Draft rept.
Enaineering-Science, Fairfax, VA.
Jan 87,162p EPA/530/SW-87/014B
Contract EPA-68-01-7053
See also Volume 1, PB87-173829, and Volume 3
PB87-173845. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB87-
173811.
The report summarizes the Waste Management Divi-
sion's studies for the development of regulations for
burning hazardous waste in industrial furnaces. The
report includes a characterization of the industrial fur-
naces which have a capability for burning hazardous
waste. The furnaces addressed are cement kilns (wet
and dry processes), lines kilns, light-weight aggregate
kilns, blast furnaces, open hearth furnaces, sulfuric
acid recovery furnaces, and asphalt concrete plants.
The report also includes a summary of test data and
methods used in determining both organic and inor-
ganic emissions from these devices. The destruction
and removal efficiencies of various organic com-
pounds are also determined based on actual test re-
sults. Finally cost elements needed for the Regulatory
Impact Analysis are also given.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Furnaces, "Indus-
trial wastes, * Air pollution control, "Boilers, Regula-
tions, Kilns, Chemical analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Cost analysis, "Hazard-
ous wastes, "Waste management, Pollutants.
PB87-174793/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
2,3,7,8-TCDD (2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-
Oloxln): Environmental Chemistry,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
G. C. Miller, and R, G. Zepp. Mar 87,16p EPA/600/D-
87/086
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Reno.
Dept. of Biochemistry.
For molecules of its size and weight, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlor-
odibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) is one of the most
toxic, least water soluble, least volatile, and most re-
sistant to thermal and biological transformations. The
combination of these properties has presented a chal-
lenging problem is assessing human hazards ascrib-
able to TCDD because, although exposure concentra-
tions are often low, the time frame for transport and
most degradative processes in the environment is gen-
erally long. Under normal environmental conditions,
the only transformation process that is fairly rapid for
dioxins is photolysis.
Keywords: Stability, Chemical properties, Physical
properties, Chlorine organic compounds, Photolysis,
"Environmental transport, "Dibenzodioxin/tetrachloro,
Toxic substances.
PB87-174801/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Elimination of Urinary Cotinlne In Children Ex-
posed to Known Levels of Side-Stream Cigarette
Smoke,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
G. M. Goldstein, A. Collier, R. Etzel, J. Lewtas, and N.
Haley. Mar 87,11p EPA/600/D-87/087
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA.,
and American Health Foundation, Inc., Valhalla, NY.
Naylor Dana Inst, for Disease Prevention.
The establishment of a quantitative personal marker of
side-stream smoke exposure in children is important in
the study of potential health effects in the group. Cotin-
ine, a metabolite of nicotine, has been shown to exhibit
a dose-response relationship to side-stream smoke
exposure in adults, and has been used to quantitate
prior exposure. The study was undertaken to deter-
mine the dose of nicotine, the peak level of urinary eo-
tinine, the time to peak cotinine levels, and the elimina-
tion half-life of cotinine in young children exposed to a
controlled amount of side-stream smoke. With an ex-
posure to 26.4 ug/cu m of nicotine, nine children aver-
aging 2.03 years old had peak cotinine/creatinine
levels of 818 ng/mg. The time to peak cotinine was 4.1
hours, with an elimination half-life of 3.6 hours.
Keywords: "Smoke, "Tobacco, "Children, Nicotine,
Exposure, Toxicity, Urine, "Cotinine, "Health risks,
Drug dose response relationship, Side stream smoke,
Cigarette smoking.
PB87-174819/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Drinking Water Treatment Using Slow Sand Filtra-
tion. Summary rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
K. R. Fox. Mar 87,14p EPA/600/D-87/088
Recent re-interest in slow sand filtration was brought
about by the needs for small communities to install
treatment technologies that are effective, less costly,
and easier to operate and maintain than the more so-
phisticated rapid sand filters. These simpler technol-
ogies for small communities can easily be adapted and
used in developing countries to provide safe drinking
water. The United States Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) recently re-investigated slow sand filtra-
tion as a simple technology for treating drinking water.
Two pilot scale filtration systems (a slow sand filter,
and a second slow sand filter in parallel with a slow-
rate filter containing granular activated carbon) were
set up and monitored under controlled conditions. In
addition to the inhouse studies, EPA funded several
field projects to further evaluate the effectiveness of
slow sand filters and to examine operation and mainte-
nance costs and labor requirements.
Keywords: "Water treatment, "Sand filtration, Microor-
ganism control(Water), Potable water, Water supply,
Sanitation, Operation, Maintenance, Developing coun-
tries.
PB87-174827/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Effects of Sheltering and Orientation on the At-
mospheric Corrosion of Structural Metals,
Bureau of Mines, Avondale, MD. Avondale Research
Center.
J. P. Carter, P. J. Linstrom, D. R. Flinn, and S. D.
Cramer. Mar 87,26p EPA/600/D-87/098
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
The Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior,
is conducting atmospheric corrosion tests on five
alloys and two coated-steel products at five sites as
part of the National Acid Precipitation Assessment
Program. Tests have been conducted on samples
boldly exposed to the atmosphere, sheltered from the
atmosphere, and facing skyward and groundward. De-
tails of the corrosion process related to orientation and
sheltering and involving particulates, corrosion film
chemistry and morphology, and the dissolution/repre-
cipitation process were established. The corrosion film
on zinc saturates with sulfur at around 7 wt pet with in-
creasing ambient sulfur dioxide concentration. Zinc
corrosion on the skyward side appears to be cathodi-
cally protected in two-sided old exposures. Only large
particulates are present ori the surface of sheltered
copper and zinc; small particulates dissolve and dis-
perse into the corrosion film. The dissolution/repreci-
pitation process occurs primarily during the final
stages of drying. The information is essential to the de-
velopment of damage models for the effects of acid
deposition of metallic materials.
Keywords: "Metal protection, "Atmospheric corrosion
tests, Shelters, Orientation, Exposure, Dissolving, Pre-
cipitation, Alloys, Zinc, Copper, Sulfur dioxide, Parti-
cles.
PB87-174835/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Wastewater Reuse and Exposure to 'Legionella'
Organisms. Journal article,
Hadassah Medical School. Jerusalem (Israel).
B. Fattal, H. Bercovier, M. Derai-Cochin, and H. I.
Shuval. C1985,7p EPA/600/J-85/474
Grant EPA-R-806416
Pub. in Water Research, v19 n6 p693-6961985. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Eight hundred and fifty-two (852) blood sera were
drawn in 1980 and 1981 from populations residing in
30 agricultural settlements (having a total population
of 16,240). These sera were tested for the presence of
antibodies against 15 different antigens of Legionella
species (L. pneumophila serogroups 1-8 and seven
other Legionella, i.e. bozemanii, gormanii, micdadei,
jordanis, dumoffi, longbeacheue and oakridgensis).
The results indicate a significant (P less than 0.02)
excess in the percentage of sera positive for L. pneu-
mophila (serogroups 1-8) among sewage and non-
sewage irrigation and fish pond workers as compared
to the control group (4.5% vs 1.5%). For the other Le-
gionella species, there was no difference among the
above groups.
Keywords: "Bacterial diseases, "Exposure, "Waste
water reuse, Bacterial pneumonia, Respiratory dis-
eases, Serology, Lagoons(Ponds), Irrigation, Fishes,
Sampling, Rural areas, Reprints, "Foreign technology,
Legionella.
PB87-174843/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Review of Methods That Are Used to Determine
'Giardia' Cyst Viability,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
F.	W. Schaefer. Mar 87,27p EPA/600/D-87/096
Over the past 55 years a number of methods have
been described for excysting Giardia cysts as a means
of determining viability. The excystation methods for
G.	muris cysts are reliable and reproducible. However,
methods published to date for the excystation of G.
lamblia cysts, the human pathogen, have not yielded
reliable, reproducible results. For both Giardia cyst
types the stimulatory factors promoting excystation
are low pH, carbon dioxide, a temperature around 37
C, and a final neutralizing step at pH 7.0. Recently,
other methods have been developed for determining
Giardia cyst viability. These include several fluorescent
vital dyes, differential interference contrast microsco-
py, and Mongolian gerbil infectivity tests.
Keywords: "Giardia, "Cysts, "Viability, Reviews, Meth-
odology, Microscopy, Fluorescent dyes, Infectious dis-
eases, Parasites, Transmission, Disinfection, "Excys-
tation.
PB87-174850/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Gas Chromatograph-Based System for Measuring
the Methane Fraction of Diesel Engine Hydrocar-
bon Emissions,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Dept. of Me-
chanical Engineering.
J. S. Hoffman, S. M. Geyer, S. S. Lestz, and F. M.
Black. Mar 87,32p EPA/600/D-87/097
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
An instrument has been developed (termed the 'meth-
ane analytical system') enabling diesel methane emis-
sions to be quatified separately from total unburned
hydrocarbon emissions. The instrument employed gas
chromatographic principles whereby a molecular sieve
column operating isothermally separated methane
from the nonmethane hydrocarbons. Direct on-line
sampling occurred via constant volume sample loops.
The effluent was monitored with a flame ionization de-
tector. The instrument was fully calibrated (i.e., ex-
tremely linear response over a large concentration
range) for use with Diesel engines as part of an on-
going alternative fuels research program. Methane
emissions from a light-duty, multi-cylinder, indirect-in-
jected Diesel engine fumigated with natural gas were
measured on-line using the methane analytical
system. Methane emissions were found to range from
as low as 250 ppm to a high of nearly 2%. The non-
methane hydrocarbon emissions were determined by
subtracting the methane level from the total unburned
hydrocarbon level. In the event that the federal engine
certification procedures are changed to be based on
nonmethane hydrocarbon emissions, a methane ana-
lytical system such as the one described here would
have great utility.
Keywords: 'Air pollution. 'Methane, "Diesel engine
exhaust, Gas chromatography, Chemical analysis, Ex-
haust emissions, Concentration(Composition), Per-
formance, "Air pollution sampling.
PB87-174868/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Treatment Plant Evaluation for Particulate Con-
taminant Removal,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
G. S. Logsdon. Mar 87,30p EPA/600/D-87/099
A general procedure is suggested for evaluating per-
formance of water filtration plants. Plant operating
records should be reviewed. Plant hydraulics should
be evaluated. Chemical feed pumps, measuring, and
additional points, plus control of chemical doses, are
discussed. Rapid mixing and flocculation equipment,
energy input, short circuiting and detention time are im-
portant. Hydraulics of settling basins should be re-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
viewed. Various aspects of filters, including bed
design, hydraulics, backwashing and monitoring, are
key factors. Finally, for disinfection to be effective,
adequate contact time in the clear well should be as-
sured by baffles.
Keywords'. "Filtration, "Water treatment, Performance
evaluation, Hydraulics, Feed pumps, Settling, Dosage,
Filters, Beds(Process engineering), Disinfection, Moni-
toring, Water treatment plants, Particulates.
PB87-174876/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Statistical Aspects of Autoregressive Models in
the Assessment o1 Radon Mitigation,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. E. Dunn, and D. B. Henschel. Mar 87,13p EPA/600/
D-87/085
Prepared in cooperation with Arkansas Univ., Fayette-
ville.
The paper discusses statistical aspects of autoregres-
sive models in the assessment of radon mitigation.
Radon values, as reflected by hourly scintillation
counts, seem dominated by major, pseudo-periodic,
random fluctuations. The methodological paper re-
ports a moderate degree of success in modeling these
data using relatively simple autoregressive-moving av-
erage models in order to assess the effectiveness of
radon mitigation techniques in existing housing. While
accounting for the natural correlation of successive
observations, familiar summary statistics such as
steady state estimates, standard errors, confidence
limits, and tests of hypothesis are produced. The Box-
Jenkins approach is used throughout. In particular,
intervention analysis provides an objective means of
assessing the effectiveness of an active mitigation
measure, such as fan off/on cycle. Occasionally, fail-
ure to declare a significant intervention has suggested
a diagnosis of the data collection procedure.
Keywords: "Radon, "Residential buildings, Mathemati-
cal models, Regression analysis, Time series analysis,
"Air pollution control, "Indoor air pollution, Scintillation
counting.
P887-174884/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
Soli-Gas Measurement for Detection of Subsur-
face Organic Contamination,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
H. B. Kerfoot, and L. J. Barrows. Mar 87,61 p EPA/
600/2-87/027
Contract EPA-68-03-3245
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The Lockheed Gas Analysis System (LGAS) grab-
sampling method and the PETREX Static Surface
Trapping Pyrolysis/Mass Spectrometry (SST-Py/MS)
passive sampling technique for soil-gas measurement
have been field tested at the Plttman Lateral near Hen-
derson, Nevada. This site has unconfined ground
water at 5 to 14 feet (1.5 to 4.3m) below the surface in
alluvial fan sediments. Distinct chloroform and ben-
zene/chlorobenzene contaminant plumes cross the
site and have been delineated by repeated analyses of
ground water from a line of boreholes spaced 200 feet
apart. The LGAS technique successfully measured a
chloroform soil-gas plume above the chloroform
ground-water plume. The chloroform concentrations in
soil-gas samples correlate well with ground-water con-
centrations. Further research is needed to establish
which factors limit the survey precision.
Keywords: "Gases, "Soils, "Organic compounds,
"Pollution, Detection, Sampling, Ground water, Chloro-
form, Plumes, Carbon tetrachloride. Benzene, Chloro-
benzenes, Concentration(Composition), Mass spec-
troscopy, Tables(Data), Superfund.
PB87-174892/HSU	PC~!°?/MFu01
Resolving the Radon Problem in Clinton, New
Jersey, Houses. Published paper Apr-Dec 86,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
M. C. Osborne. Mar 87, 9p* EPA/600/D-87/093
The paper discusses the resolution of a radon problem
in Clinton, New Jersey, where significantly elevated
radon concentrations were found in several adjacent
houses. The U.S. EPA screened 56 of the houses and
selected 10 for demonstration of radon reduction tech-
niques. Each of the 10 houses received an intensive
radon diagnostic evaluation before a house-specific
radon reduction plan was developed. Before and after
the plans were implemented, radon concentrations
were determined by charcoal canisters and continuous
radon monitors. A variety of sealing and sub-slab de-
pressurization techniques were applied to the 10
houses. Radon concentrations were reduced by over
95% in all 10 houses. Five meetings were held to ex-
plain to homeowners the radion reduction techniques
being implemented and to answer questions of home-
owners interested in applying similar radon reduction
efforts to their houses.
Keywords: "Residential buildings, "Houses, "Radon,
Sealing, Ventilation, New Jersey, "Indoor air pollution,
"Air pollution control, Clinton(New Jersey), Emano-
meters, Radiation monitoring, Depressurization.
PB87-174926/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Solubilities of Carbon Dioxide in Methanol and
Methanol-Water at High Pressures: Experimental
Data and Modeling. Journal article,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. Dept. of Chemi-
cal Engineering.
T. Chang, and R. W. Rousseau. c1985,19p EPA/600/
J-85/476
Pub.in Fluid Phase Equilibria, v23 p243-258 1985.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The solubilities of carbon dioxide in methanol and in
methanol-water mixtures have been measured at 243,
258,273, and 298 K, and at pressures up to 54 atm. An
extended Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state with
Mathias' polar correction factor has been used to de-
scribe the equilibrium behavior of these mixtures.
Binary interaction parameters were evaluated using
data from these experiments, as well as those found in
the literature. Correlations of the binary data using this
equation of state were excellent. Use of the param-
eters from the binary correlations to predict solubilities
of carbon dioxide in mixtures of methanol and water
resulted in favorable agreement with the experimental
data over most of the system conditions. However, at
high concentrations of carbon dioxide, the equation
tended to predict the formation of two liquid phases.
This tendency is thought to be related to the mixing
rules used in formulating the equation of state. (Copy-
right (c) 1985 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.)
Keywords: "Solubility, "Carbon dioxide, "Carbinols,
Equations of state, Reprints.
PB87-174934/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Methods for Spawning, Culturlng and Conducting
Toxiclty-Tests with Early Life Stages of Four Ath-
erlnld Fishes: The Inland Silverside, 'Menidla ber-
ylllna', Atlantic Sllverside, 'M. menidla', Tidewater
Sllverside, 'M. peninsulas' and California Grunion,
'Leuresthes tenuis',
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
D. P. Middaugh, M. J. Hemmer, and L. K. Goodman.
Jan 87,66p EPA/600/8-87/004
Procedures are presented for spawning, culturing and
conducting acute and chronic toxicity tests with four
atherinid fishes: the inland silverside, Menidia beryl-
lina, Atlantic Silverside, M. menidia, tidewater silver-
side, M. peninsulae, and California grunion. Leur-
esthes tenuis. Guidelines also are provided for growing
of food organisms (Chlorella sp., Branchionus plicatilis,
and Artemia sp.) that are required for successful cul-
ture and testing of the atherinid fishes.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Marine fishes, Manuals, Collect-
ing methods, Materials handling, Exposure, Sea water,
Culture media, Shrimps, Equipment, Nutrition, "Meni-
dia, Silversides, "Leuresthes tenuis, California grunion.
PB87-174942/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Hydraulic Studies and Cleaning Evaluations of Ul-
traviolet Disinfection Units. Journal article.
Montgomery (James M.), Inc., Pasadena, CA.
P Kreft, O. K. Scheible, and A. Venosa. c1986,12p
EPA/600/J-86/298
Contract EPA-68-03-1821
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Pollution Control Federation, v58
n12 p1129-1137 Dec 86. Prepared in cooperation with
HydroQual, Inc., Mahwah, NJ. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engi-
neering Research Lab.
Various types of operating ultraviolet disinfection reac-
tor designs were evaluated for hydraulic characteris-
tics and cleaning requirements. The fluorocarbon poly-
mer tube designs promote plug-flow behavior because
of their relatively high length-to-diameter ratio. Hydrau-
lic evaluations of two different types of relatively cur-
rent quartz tube designs demonstrated significant
short-circuiting. Historically, quartz tube units have
been designed with some form of accessory cleaning
device to reduce fouling. The accessory cleaning de-
vices, either mechanical wipers or ultrasonics, were
marginally effective and periodic chemical cleaning is
also required.
Keywords: "Disinfection, 'Ultraviolet lamps, "Clean-
ing, "Waste water, Ultraviolet radiation, Hydraulics,
Evaluation, Quartz, Polymers, Schematic diagrams.
Flow rate, Ultrasonics, Fluorohydrocarbons, Reprints,
Quartz tubes.
PB87-174959/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Review of Treatment Alternatives for Dioxin
Wastes. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
H. M. Freeman, and R. A. Olexsey. 1986,12p EPA/
600/J-86/300
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v36
n1 p67-75Jan 86.
In the paper, the authors present generation and
waste characteristics information for dioxin wastes and
discuss the state of the art for several treatment proc-
esses for dioxin wastes that have been proposed to be
used instead of landfills for disposing of solid and liquid
wastes containing dioxins.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, Aromatic hydrocarbons,
"Hazardous wastes, 'Dibenzodioxins, State of the art.
PB87-174967/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Precolumn Sample Enrichment Device for Analy-
sis of Ambient Volatile Organics by Gas Chroma-
tography-Mass Spectrometry. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
R. R. Arnts. 1985, 9p EPA/600/J-85/477
Pub. in Jnl. of Chromatography, v329 p399-405 1985.
Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry (GC/MS)
identification of air pollutants generally requires a pre-
concentration step to provide sufficient sample for
analysis. Cryogenic trapping is often used to enrich the
sample since nitrogen and oxygen are not condensed.
It does, however, concentrate enormous quantities of
water and carbon dioxide - enough to plug high resolu-
tion narrow bore capillary columns needed for separa-
tion of complex environmental samples. Whole air
samples were collected in stainless steel containers or
Tedlar bags for analysis by gas chromatography with
flame ionization detection (GC/FID). In order to pro-
vide identification of unknown peaks and confirmation
of tentatively named peaks the system described
herein was designed and built to enrich samples for
GC/MS analysis of volatile organics. The preconcen-
tration system consists of a solid sorbent trap and a
cryogenic trap used in sequence to collect organic
vapors and focus them for analysis by GC/MS.
Keywords: "Gas chromatography, "Mass spectrosco-
py, Chromatographic analysis, Contaminants,
Concentration(Composition), "Air pollution detection',
" Volatile organic compounds.
PB87-174975/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Second Performance Audit of Inspection and
Maintenance Calibration Gases,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. S. Wright, C. E. Moore, C. E. Decker, and W. F.
Barnard. Mar 87,16p EPA/600/D-87/108
Contract EPA-68-02-4125
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The purpose of the audit was to determine the accura-
cy of calibration gases being used by state and local
inspection and maintenance (l/M) programs. Forty-six
calibration gas cylinders were borrowed from 16 repre-
sentative l/M programs. Typically, they contained pro-
pane (or hexane), carbon monoxide, and carbon diox-
ide in nitrogen. Research Triangle Institute (RTI) ana-
lyzed these calibration gases using nondispersive in-
frared photometry and gas chromatography with flame
ionization and thermal conductivity detectors.
Keywords: 'Carbon dioxide, 'Gases, "Calibrating, In-
spection, Maintenance, Hydrocarbons, Propane, Infra-
red detection, Gas chromatography, Carbon monox-
ide, Accuracy, State government, Local government,
Clean Air Amendments of 1977.
PB87-174983/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Composite Estimation Model tor Producing Stabi-
lized Health Rate Estimates for Small Areas Using
Sample Surveys: Experience from Health Surveys
In Ethiopia, India and Indonesia,
Duke Univ., Durham, NC.
K. G. Manton, M. A. Woodbury, E. Stallard, and J. E.
Dowd. Mar 87,29p EPA/600/D-87/107
Grant EPA-R-81190
Prepared in cooperation with World Health Organiza-
tion, Geneva (Switzerland). Sponsored by Health Ef-
fects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Data from population health surveys can be very im-
portant in planning service delivery for spatially defined
subpopulations because they reflect the medical
needs of the total subarea population-not just those
utilizing services under the current service delivery
system in each area. Unfortunately when modeling rel-
atively rare health events at the subarea level, sample
survey based rate estimates are often highly variable
due to small numbers. To improve the stability of the
local area rate estimates, an empirical Bayes strategy
which produces posterior rate estimates that are a
weighted composite (a) the rate estimates from the
total survey population and (b) the rate estimates for
each subarea is proposed. The weights, derived from a
negative binomial regression analysis, reflect the distri-
butional characteristics of the total assemble of local
area rate estimates. The methodology is illustrated on
health survey data from Ethiopia, India, and Indonesia,
and some vital statistics data from the United States.
Keywords: 'Models, Bayes theorem. Populations,
Samplings, Estimating, Probability density functions,
•Health surveys, 'Health planning, Delivery of health
care, Health resources.
PB87-174991/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Air Pollution Models as Descriptors of Cause-
Effect Relationships. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
R. G. Lamb. Apr 83,18p EPA/600/J-84/397
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v18 n3 p591-606
1984.
The problem of air pollution modeling is treated begin-
ning from a philosophical standpoint, in which a model
is viewed as a universal statement and a complemen-
tary set of singular statements from which specific
cause-effect relationships are deduced; proceeding to
the formulation of a specific model from fundamental
physical principles. In the course of the analyses, a
number of basic issues are examined. These include
the types of information that an air pollution model is
capable of providing (it is shown that specific events
are not predictable, only the set of possible events can
be described); the problem of model validation (even
with a perfect model and error-free input data and ob-
servations, discrepancies will exist between predicted
and observed quantities); the character and represen-
tation of long-range dispersion (the conventional con-
cepts of transport and diffusion become illdefined
when applied within the context of long-range disper-
sion models); and other topics relevant to the use of
models in decision making processes.
Keywords: 'Air pollution. "Mathematical model, At-
mospheric motion, Prediction, Proving, Dispersing, De-
cision making, Reprints, "Cause effect relationships.
PB87-175006/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Monitoring Before and After Radon Mitigation,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
T. Brennan, andM.C.Osborne. Mar87,14pEPA/
600/D-87/094
Contract EPA-68-02-3992
Prepared in cooperation with Camroden Associates,
Rome, NY. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses a radon reduction demonstration
project in 1986 on 10 houses in Clinton, NJ. As part of
this effort, radon was measured before and after radon
reduction techniques were applied. The purpose of the
measurements was to ascertain the effectiveness of
the radon control methods being used. Since radon
concentrations are normally highest in a depressurized
house (commonly observed during cold winter
months), efforts were made to emulate winter depres-
surization. Before radon reduction techniques were
applied, four houses were tested using a common
window fan to induce 7 Pa of negative pressure. Re-
sults of these tests showed that fan-induced negative
pressure has a dramatic impact on radon concentra-
tions. For some houses, this technique was shown to
adequately emulate winter-time radon entry rates
during warm summer months. Potential problems
which may cause this technique to fail in some houses
were identified.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Houses, 'Residential buildings,
Effectiveness, Fans, New Jersey, 'Air pollution con-
trol, 'Indoor air pollution, Demonstration projects,
Clinton(New Jersey), Radiation monitoring.
PB87-175014/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Conditioning Coal Gas with Refrigerated Metha-
nol In a System of Packed Columns. Journal article,
North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh. Dept. of Chemical
Engineering.
R. W. Rousseau, J. K. Ferrell, and R. M. Kelly. c1985,
11p EPA/600/J-85/475
Grant EPA-R-804811
Pub. in Chemical Engineering Communications, v34
p27-35 1985. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses potential difficulties in the oper-
ation of acid gas removal systems gases produced
from coal, based on experience with pilot-scale unit
operation. The pilot plant has been used to condition
gases produced from subbituminous coal, devolati-
lized char, peat, and lignite. The solvent used in the
acid gas removal system has been refrigerated methyl
alcohol. Data from this study document accumulation
of hydrocarbons, sulfur and nitrogen compounds, and
mercury in the circulating solvent. (Copyright (c) 1985
Gordon and Breach, Science Publishers, Inc. and OPA
Ltd.)
Keywords: *Coal gas, Carbinols, Column Packings,
Carbon dioxide, Hydrogen sulfide, Solvents, Methyl al-
cohol, Reprints, 'Acid gas removal, Pollution control.
PB87-175022/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Airborne Udar Tracking of Fluorescent Tracers
for Atmospheric Transport and Diffusion Studies.
Journal article,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
E. E. Uthe, W. Viezee, B. M. Morley, and J. K. S. Ching.
C1985,11 p EPA/600/J-85/479
Contract EPA-68-02-3791
Pub. in Bulletin of American Meteorological Society,
v66 mo p1255-1262 Oct 85. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Development and validation of transport models for
the study of regional acid deposition require improved
observations of pollutant transport and dispersion
processes. Current methods for tracking air-parcel is
limited to constant density surfaces using tetroons or
by gaseous tracers requiring the use of in situ aircraft.
The feasibility of using an airborne lidar system to ob-
serve atmospheric transport and dispersion of fluores-
cent dye particle (FDP) tracers is promising and was
demonstrated for various meteorological conditions
and FDP release scenarios in the general area of the
Cross-Appalachian Tracer Experiment (CAPTEX)
during October 1983. The paper presents some of the
results obtained on six case studies, each of which il-
lustrates a unique application of the technique. (Copy-
right (c) 1985 American Meteorological Society.)
Keywords: 'Optical radar, "Airborne radar, 'Fluores-
cent dyes, 'Atmospheric circulation, Atmospheric dif-
fusion, Air pollution, Radar tracking, Aircraft, Reprints.
PB87-175030/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Abiotic Organic Reactions at Mineral Surfaces.
Journal article,
Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
E. A. Voudrias, and M. Reinhard. c1986,28p EPA/
600/D-87/042
Grant EPA-R-812462
Pub. in Geochemical Processes at Mineral Surfaces,
ACS Symposium Series 323, p462-486 1986. Spon-
sored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab.,
Ada, OK.
Abiotic organic reactions, such as hydrolysis, elimina-
tion, substitution, redox, and polymerization reactions,
can be influenced by surfaces of clay and primary min-
erals, and of metal oxides. This influence is due to ad-
sorption of the reactants to surface Lewis and Bronst-
ed sites. Temperature and moisture content are the
most important environmental variables. Under ambi-
ent environmental temperatures, some reactions are
extremely slow. However, even extremely slow trans-
formation reactions may be important from environ-
mental and geochemical viewpoints. (Copyright (c)
1986 American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Minerals, 'Chemical reactions, Hydrolysis,
Elimination reactions, Substitution reactions, Oxidation
reduction reactions, Polymerization, Clays, Clay miner-
als, Temperature, Moisture content, Organic chemis-
try, Surfaces, Reprints, 'Abiotic processes.
PB87-175048/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Nitric Acid-Air Diffusion Coefficient: Experimental
Determination. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. L. Durham, and L. Stockburger. 1986,8p EPA/600/
J-86/289
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v20 n3 p559-563
Mar 86.
Trace gaseous HN03 in air is removed in a laminar
flow nylon tube. The HN03 deposition pattern was ob-
tained by sectioning the tube, extracting with an aque-
ous solution, and measuring the concentration by ion
chromatography. Mass transport analysis of the depo-
sition pattern demonstrated the HN03 was removed
from the air stream at a rate controlled by gaseous dif-
fusion. The HN03-air diffusion coefficient = 0.116 +
or - 0.003 sq cm/s (n = 7) for t = 298 K and p = 1
atm. It exhibited no dependence on relative humidity
over the range 5 - 95%.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Nitric acid, Reprints, Diffu-
sion coefficient.
PB87-175055/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Impact of Ozone on Agriculture and Its Conse-
quences. Symposium paper,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. T. Tingey. 1986,14p EPA/600/D-86/105
Pub. in Proceedings of International Acidification Con-
ference and Its Policy Implications, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands, May 5,1986, p53-63 Dec 86.
Given its high level of phytotoxicity and distribution of
elevated concentrations over broad geographic areas,
03 is considered the most critical air pollutant affecting
vegetation in the United States. Diverse experimental
methods have been used to assess the impacts of 03
on the crop yield. Comparisons of plant growth and
yield in charcoal-filtered or unfiltered air and the use of
chemical protectants show that ambient 03 levels will
reduce the growth and yield of numerous plant spe-
cies. Ozone studies in open-too field-exposure cham-
bers have provided exposure-response functions
needed to evaluate the economic impacts of 03 on ag-
riculture. Exposure-response functions have been de-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
veloped for a range o1 legume, grain, fiber and horticul-
tural crops.
Keywords: 'Ozone, * Air pollution, "Agriculture, Farm
crops. Yield, Plant growth, Economic impacts, Cost
analysis, Concentration(Composition), Wheat, Beans,
Soybeans, Reprints.
PB87-175063/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Species Comparison of Acute Inhalation Toxicity
of Ozone and Phosgene. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
G. E. Hatch, R. Slade, A. G. Stead, and J. A. Graham.
1986,13p EPA/600/J-86/288
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health,
v19p43-53 1986.
A comparison of the concentration-response effects of
inhaled ozone (03) in different species of laboratory
animals was made in order to better understand the in-
fluence of the choice of species in inhalation studies of
this gas. The effect of 4 hour exposure to ozone (03)
at concentrations of 0.0, 0.2,0.5,1.0, and 2.0 ppm was
determined in rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, hamsters and
mice. Lavage fluid protein (LFP) accumulation 18 hr
after exposure was used as the indicator of 03-induced
pulmonary edema. All species had similar basal levels
of LFP (250-350 ug/ml) when a volume of saline which
approximated the total lung capacity was used for
lavage of the collapsed lungs. Exponential dose-re-
sponse curves were seen in all species except guinea
pigs, which showed significant increases in LFP at low
03 concentrations (0.2 ppm) and a leveling off of re-
sponse at the higher 03 levels. Other species usually
showed significant elevations in LFP only at concen-
trations greater than 0.5 ppm. Recovery of lavage fluid
as a percent of the amount of injected saline varied
significantly between species, and between 03 con-
centrations; higher 03 levels causing lower recovery.
The time course of LFP accumulation also appeared to
vary according to the species.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Toxicity, "Ozone, "Phos-
gene, Exposure, Concentration(Composition), Chlo-
rine organic compounds, "Inhalation, "Toxic sub-
stances.
PB87-175071/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparison of the Tumorigenic Response of
SENCAR and C57BL/6 Mice to Benzo(a)pyrene
and the Interexperimental Variability Over a
Three-Year Period. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. Nesnow, H. Bergman, and T. J. Slaga. C1986,9p
EPA/600/J-86/287
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v68 p19-
25 1986. Prepared in cooperation with Texas Univ.
System Cancer Center, Smithville.
SENCAR and C57BL/6 mice were compared for their
ability to produce tumors after benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P)
initiation and 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate
(TPA) promotion. SENCAR mice initiated with 101 mi-
crograms/mouse B(a)P and promoted with TPA (2 mi-
crograms/mouse, twice weekly) produced large num-
bers of papillomas, whereas C57BL/6 mice produced
none after 26 weeks of promotion. Continued treat-
ment of the B(a)P-initiated C57BL/6 mice with TPA up
to 52 weeks did not induce any papillomas nor did
higher doses of B(a)P. Application of increased doses
of TPA (10 micrograms/mouse, twice weekly) to
B(a)P-initialed C57BL/6 mice (404 micrograms/
mouse) for 50 weeks produced few papillomas. Sub-
stantial papilloma formation in C57BL/6 mice was ob-
served after weekly treatment with B(a)P (101 micro-
grams/mouse), with maximal production occurring at
weeks 39 to 41 of treatment. In contrast, SENCAR
mice treated according to the same protocol produced
an equivalent response with maximal papilloma forma-
tion occurring 12 to 13 weeks earlier. Therefore,
C57BL/6 mice exposed to B(a)P are capable of pro-
ducing papillomas under certain experimenta condi-
tions. (Copyright (c) 1986 Environmental Health Per-
spectives.)
Keywords: "Mice, Skin cancer, Aromatic hydrocar-
bons, Laboratory animals, Toxicology, Reprints, Ben-
zopyrene, "Tumor promoters, •PapiHoma. lumor ini-
tiators, C57BL/6 mice, SENCAR mice, TPA(12-0-te-
tradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate).
778 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB87-175089/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
In vitro Augmentation of Natural Killer Cell Activi-
ty by Manganese Chloride. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. J. Smialowicz, R. R. Rogers, M. M. Riddle, D. G.
Rowe, and R. W. Luebke. 1986,15p EPA/600/J-86/
286
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health,
v19p243-254 1986.
The in vitro cultivation of murine spleen cells with
MnCI2 resulted in the enhancement of natural killer
(NK) cell activity as measured in a 4-h (51 )Cr-release
assay. Optimal enhancement of NK activity was ob-
served at concentrations of 10-20 micrograms MnCI2
culture (72-144 micromolarity Mn(2 + ). Enhancement
of NK activity by MnCI2 was not associated with any
changes in the number or viability of cells following cul-
ture. The enhancement of NK activity by MnCI2 in vitro
was accompanied by interferon induction. The results
demonstrate that murine splenic NK activity is en-
hanced in vitro by MnCI2 and this enhancement may
be mediated by interferon induction. The results also
suggest that in vitro enhancement of NK activity by
MnCI2 as with Poly 1 C, may require participation of an
adherent cell population for NK augmentation.
Keywords: *ln vitro analysis, "Cultures(Biology), Inhibi-
tion, Immunity, Spleen, 'Manganese, Reprints, "Natu-
ral killer cells, "Manganese chloride, Interferon induc-
ers, Immunologic cytotoxicity.
PB87-175303/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Issues in Risk Assessment In Male Reproductive
Toxicology. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Reproductive Effects Assessment Group.
H. Zenick, and E. D. Clegg. 1986,13p EPA/600/J-86/
291
Pub. in Jnl. of the American College of Toxicology, v5
n4 p249-259 1986.
Efforts in the area of risk assessment have concentrat-
ed primarily on cancer as an outcome. However, atten-
tion is now being directed toward the development of
strategies for assessing risk to other target systems.
The Reproductive Effects Assessment Group in the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S.
EPA, is involved extensively in that effort in the areas
of developmental and reproductive toxicology and mu-
tagenicity. This group is currently preparing risk as-
sessment guidelines for the male and female repro-
ductive systems. Some of the issues associated with
hazard identification and dose-response assessment
with respect to male reproductive toxicity are dis-
cussed.
Keywords: "Reproduction(Biology), "Toxicology,
"Males, Breeding, Mutagens, Fertility, Dosimetry, Haz-
ardous materials, Reprints, "Risk assessment guide-
lines, Reproductive Effects Assessment Group, Re-
productive hazards.
PB87-175311/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Water Quality Modeling Software Available from
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency),
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
T. O. Barnwell, S. B. Vandergrift, and R. B. Ambrose.
Mar 87,16p EPA/600/M-87/007
Water quality models are used in conducting evalua-
tions of waste loads from point and nonpoint sources
and in pollutant exposure assessments. To encourage
the wider application of these techniques, the Office of
Research and Development of the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency established the Center for Water
Quality Modeling to provide a focal point for water
quality modeling activities. The Center supports sever-
al modeling techniques and computer programs tor
water quality analysis ranging from techniques appro-
priate for preliminary analysis to sophisticated models
for detailed planning. The paper describes the models
supported by the Center and presents an overview of
the Center's activities, which include distribution and
maintenance of computer programs, training of users,
and sponsorship of a users group.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, "Computerized
simulation, Water analysis, Water pollution, Contami-
nants, Training, Computer applications, "Water quality,
Center for water quality monitoring, Environmental
Protection Agency, Pollution transport.
PB87-175378/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Water Main Evaluation for Rehabilitation/Replace-
ment. Rept. for Oct 83-Apr 86,
Peer Systems, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.
D. K. O'Day, R. Weiss, S. Chiavari, and D. Blair. Mar
87,196p* EPA/600/2-87/024
Prepared in cooperation with Philadelphia Water Dept.,
PA. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The report describes a series of studies that identified
the factors that contribute to water main failures and
developed decision strategies on main rehabilitation,
replacement and preventative maintenance. The ob-
jective of the report is to provide the water utility Indus-
try with practical methods to assess long term
changes in the condition of distribution systems and to
assist in rehabilitation/replacement planning deci-
sions. Written as a guidance manual, the following
topics are described: analysis of utility break and leak
patterns; water main deterioration; assessment of
water main conditions; economics of distribution
system rehabilitation; monitoring of distribution system
conditions; development of rehabilitation planning
system.
Keywords: "Failure, "Water pipelines, Maintenance,
Replacing, Distribution systems, Manuals, Leakage,
Monitoring, Decision making, Corrosion, Deterioration,
Linings, Cleaning.
PB87-175386/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Prediction/Mitigation of Subsidence Damage to
Hazardous Waste Landfill Covers,
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS. Geotechnical Lab.
P. A. Gilbert, and W. L. Murphy. Mar 87,91p* EPA/
600/2-87/025
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati. OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Characteristics of Resource Conservation and Recov-
ery Act hazardous waste landfills and of landfilled haz-
ardous wastes have been described to permit devel-
opment of models and other analytical techniques for
predicting, reducing, and preventing landfill settlement
and related cover damage by subsidence. Settlement
of landfills with containerized wastes is more difficult to
predict because the containerized wastes may remain
relatively undeformed until the containers degrade and
collapse, bulk waste (monofill) landfills can be ana-
lyzed by consolidation theory. The potential for differ-
ential settlement can be analyzed by treating the final
cover as a beam and determining the tensile stresses.
Differential settlement can also be analyzed by deter-
mining the deformation of two or more central col-
umns. Damage to the final cover by differential settle-
ment can be minimized by compacting wastes during
placement, by eliminating void space within the landfill,
by stabilizing liquids before placement, by not dispos-
ing of waste in containers, and by adjusting cover com-
ponent specifications to minimize the effects of tensile
strain.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Coverings, Closures, Damage,
Graphs(Charts), "Hazardous wastes, Land disposal.
PB87-175519/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Analysis and Evaluation of Statistical Coastal Fu-
migation Models,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. Dept. of Marine,
Earth and Atmospheric Sciences.
S. SethuRaman. Feb 87,214p EPA/450/4-87/002
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analy-
sis Div.
The report summarizes the result of a study to evalu-
ate two coastal dispersion models using a comprehen-
sive coastal dispersion data base. A sensitivity analy-
sis of the various model input parameters indicates
that the height ot the Thermal Internal Boundary Layer
(TIBL) is the most sensitive variable. Six equations to
describe the TIBL height are identified from the scien-
tific literature and compared using two experimental
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Shoreline Fumigation Model using the Weisman equa-
tion to characterize the TIBL is the base coastal fumi-
gation model.
Keywords: "Air pollution, Atmospheric models, Mete-
orology, 'Coastal fumigation models.
PB87-175527/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effluent and Ambient Toxicity Testing In the
Goeta Aelv and Vlskan Rivera, Sweden,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
B. E. Bengtsson, T. J. Norberg-King, and D. I. Mount.
1987,43p EPA/600/D-87/091
Also pub. as National Swedish Environment Protection
Board, Naturvardsverket Rapport no. 3275. Prepared
in cooperation with Environmental Research Lab.-
Duluth, MN.
A joint United States-Sweden effluent field study on
the Gota Alv River was conducted on site in Sweden in
the fall of 1985. The Gota Alv River has a mean flow of
575 cu m/s and is the largest river in Sweden. There
are many industrial dischargers along the river and
Sweden has been concerned about their impact on the
aquatic organisms. A variety of toxicity tests were run
on different test organisms to evaluate the acute and
chronic toxicity of selected effluents along the river
and ambient station waters from the length of the river.
In addition to Sweden and the United States tests,
Germany and the Netherlands ran toxicity tests with
Hydra and instream biological monitoring with a fresh-
water mussel, respectively.
Keywords: 'Microorganisms, 'Toxicity, 'Water pollu-
tion, 'Gota Alv River, Hydra, Mussels, Industrial
wastes, Monitoring, Hydrology, Minnows, Organic
compounds, Chemical analysis, Sweden, 'Foreign
technology.
PB87-175535/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Shredded Rubber Tires aa a Bulking Agent for
Compoatlng Sewage Sludge. Final rept. Dec 83-Feb
86.
New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, New
Brunswick
A J. Higgins, J. L. Suhr, M. S. Rahman, M. E. Singley,
and V. S. Rajput. Mar 87,83p* EPA/600/2-87/026
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Shredded rubber tires were evaluated as a bulking
agent for composting waste-water sludges. Three
sludges (raw primary, anaerobically digested, and sec-
ondary biological), two amendments (sawdust and re-
cycled compost), three sizes of rubber chips (1.27 to
2.54 cm, 2.54 to 5.08 cm, and greater than 5.08 cm),
and three shredded-rubber-chip-to-sludge mix ratios
(1:1, 2:1, and 3:1) were evaluated. The small rubber
chips, the 2:1 mix ratio, and the sawdust amendment
were optimums. Tests with raw primary sludge, shred-
ded rubber, and no amendments resulted undesirable
odors and handling difficulties. A high moisture content
and low C/N ratio led to sludge bailing, anaerobic con-
ditions, and the production ofammonia gas. Tests with
all three sludges and recycled compost produced simi-
lar results. When amended with sawdust, all of the
sludges were effectively composted using shredded
rubber. All of the sludges required the moisture absor-
bancy and supplemental carbon that the sawdust pro-
vided. Heavy metal levels during composting with raw
primary sludge and rubber chips increased due to the
concentrating effect as organic matter decomposed.
However, the levels were not high enough to limit the
use of shredded rubber in the composting of the
sludge.
Keywords: "Composts, "Sewage sludge, Tires, Per-
formance, Efficiency, Graphs(Charts), Waste product
utilization.
PB67-175S68/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Stationary Source Compliance Div.
NESHAPs (National Emissions Standarda for Haz-
ardous Air Pollutants) Asbestos Demolition and
Renovation Inapectlon Workshop Manual. Final
rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
S Piper, and M. Grant. Dec 84,156p EPA/340/1-85/
008
Contract EPA-68-02-3961
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Stationary Source Compliance Div.
The document presents the technical content of a
workshop designed for training regulatory inspectors
involved in enforcement of the asbestos NESHAP reg-
ulation, 40 CFR Part 61, Subpart M, dealing with the
demolition and renovation of buildings containing as-
bestos materials. Information presented in this docu-
ment covers health effects related to inhalation of as-
bestos, national EPA strategy, demolition and renova-
tion regulations, asbestos in schools program, OSHA
requirements, safety equipment recommendations,
legal issues of case development, inspection proce-
dures and bulk sampling/analysis.
Keywords: "Asbestos, 'Training, 'Demolition, "Ren-
ovating, Regulations, Education, Safety, Inspection,
Analyzing, Emission, Manuals, NESHAP(National
Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants), Oc-
cupational safety and health. Air pollution control,
Health effects.
PB87-175576/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
National Air Toxica Information Clearinghouae
(NATICH) Database Users Quide for Data Entry
and Editing. Interim rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
S. A. Smith. 23 Feb 87,95p* EPA/450/5-87/002
Contract EPA-68-02-3889
See also report dated Sep 85, PB86-123601. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards.
The report will serve as guide for State and local
agency personnel entering data into the National Air
Toxics Information Clearinghouse (NATICH) database.
The NATICH database is a computerized database
which contains indexed information on toxic and po-
tentially toxic air pollutants. The database has been
established by EPA to support State and local pro-
grams in the control of non-criteria air pollutants.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Users guide, State
government, Local government, 'Toxic air pollutants,
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse, Com-
puter applications, NATICH database.
PB87-175592/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Neuroendocrine Control of Reproductive Func-
tion in the Aging Female Rodent. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. L. Cooper, J. M. Goldman, and G. L. Rehnberg.
1986,20p EPA/600/J-86/285
Pub. in JAGS, v34 p735-751 1986.
The causes and consequences of the age-related de-
cline in reproductive function are discussed in detail. It
is concluded that aging in the female's reproductive
system is a process initiated by the 'organizational' ef-
fects of estrogen. The consequences of altered hor-
monal levels in the older organism are far-reaching, af-
fecting a number of physiological functions. Such
changes have an obvious impact on the older orga-
nism's response to treatment with environmental
toxins.
Keywords: 'Reproduction(Biology), 'Females,
'Aging(Biology), Estrogens, Hormones, Physiological
effects, Nervous system. Endocrinology, Rats, Re-
prints, 'Neuroendocrinology.
PB87-175600/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Airway Senaitlvlty of Aathmatlcs to Sulfur Diox-
ide. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Clinical Research Branch.
D. Horstman, L. J. Roger, H. Kehrl, and M. Hazucha.
C1986,12p EPA/600/J-86/282
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Industrial Health, v2 n3
p289-298 1986. Prepared in cooperation with Environ-
mental Monitoring and Services, Inc., Chapel Hill, NC.,
and North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
Airways' sensitivity to S02, (PC(S02)), was defined as
the concentration of S02 which provoked a 100% in-
crease in specific airways' resistance (SRaw).
PC(S02) was determined for 2. asthmatics performing
moderate exercise while exposed to several concen-
trations of S02 up to 2.0 ppm. Substantial variability in
sensitivity was observed: for 20% of the subjects,
PC(S02) was greater than 1.95 ppm S02, while for the
remaining 80%, it ranged between 0.28 and 1.38 ppm
S02. The median PC(S02) was 0.75 ppm S02.
PC(S02) and nonspecific airways' sensitivity to metha-
choline were not related. (Copyright (c) Toxicology and
Industrial Health, Vol. 2, No. 3,1986.)
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Asthma, 'Respiratory
system, Exposure, Sensitivity, Exercise(Physiology),
Air pollution, Methacholines, Reprints, Air pollution
effects(Humans), Bronchial provocation tests,
Sraw(Specific Airway Resistance).
PB87-175618/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Neurotoxlcology in the Fetus and Child: Confer-
ence Summary. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. W. Reiter. 1986, 7p EPA/600/J-86/284
Pub. in Neurotoxicology 7(2) p665-670 1986.
The stated objective of the conference, 'Neurotoxico-
logy in the Fetus and Child', was to present papers and
focus discussions on both clinical and experimental
issues related to the effects of environmental influ-
ences on the structure and function of the developing
organism. Summarizing remarks focus on three gener-
al issues which were repeatedly emphasized through-
out the conference: (1) the need for research in this
area; (2) the types of research which are currently
being conducted; (3) future research needs.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, "Embryos, 'Children, 'Nerv-
ous system, Development, Exposure, Growth abnor-
malities, Research, Meetings, Reprints, 'Neurotoxins,
Environmental health.
PB87-17S626/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Agricultural Contaminants Removal from Ground-
water by Carbon and Reverae Osmosis,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
B. W. Lykins, and J. H. Baier. Mar 87,15p EPA/600/D-
87/103	„ i ,
Prepared in cooperation with Suffolk County Dept. of
Health Services, Hauppauge, NY.
The groundwater of Suffolk County, New York, is des-
ignated as a sole source aquifer and in recent years
there have been increasing concerns about the con-
tamination of this water by agricultural chemicals. Two
parallel treatment systems were evaluated for a one-
year period: granular activated carbon (GAC) plus ion
exchange and reverse osmosis. GAC effectively re-
moved the SOCs evaluated at Suffolk County, New
York. Rejection of the more volatile compounds such
as 1 2 dichloropropane by reverse osmosis appears
more effective with thin-film composite rather than the
hollow-fiber polyamide membrane.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Water pollution, "Agricul-
tural chemistry, 'Decontamination, Aquifers, Activated
carbon treatment, Ion exchanging, Osmosis, 'Water
pollution control, 'Agricultural runoff, Suffolk
County(New York).
PB87-175634/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Ingestion and Adsorption of 'Bacillus thuringien-
sls' subsp. 'Israelensis' by 'Gammaru8 lacustris' in
the Laboratory. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN
J. C. Brazner, and R. L. Anderson. 1986,8p EPA/600/
J-86/303
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology,
p1386-1390 Dec 86.
Several groups of Gammarus lacustris adults were ex-
posed to solutions containing 0.5 and 5.0 mg of Bacil-
lus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis per liter for 1 - or 24-
hour periods by using traditional static bioassay expo-
sure procedures. The experiments verified that tradi-
tional exposure procedures assure ingestion of B. thur-
ingiensis subsp. israelensis spores and provided a
mean dose estimate of 1,948 spores ingested per test
animal with a 95% confidence interval ranging from
891 to 4,296 (1 -hour exposure, 5.0 mg liter). It was also
found that dose level is highly dependent upon both
exposure duration and concentration and that relative-
ly short exposures can result in a relatively long-term
retention of spores postexposure (>30 days). Body
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
burden experiments established that large numbers of
spores adsorb to the bodies of test animals during ex-
posure and may in part explain the long-term retention
of spores in the test system postexposure. These re-
sults imply that in field applications of microbial control
agents, toxicologically unaffected but exposed orga-
nisms might transport the agent to untreated sites, ex-
panding the effective treatment area and the number
of organisms exposed.
Keywords: 'lngestion(Biology), 'Adsorption, Tests,
Bacteria, Toxicity, Environmental impact, Insecticides,
Aquatic microbiology, Reprints, 'Bacillus thuringiensis,
"Gammarus lacustris, 'MCA (Microbial Control
Agents), Genetic engineering, Ecosystems.
PB87-175642/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Comparing Constant-Rate and Declining-Rate
Direct Filtration of a Surface Water. Journal article,
Iowa State Univ., Ames.
D. J. Hilmoe, and J. L. Cleasby. C1986,12p EPA/600/
J-86/302
Pub. in Jnl. of American Water Works Association, v78
n12 p26-34 Dec 86. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
Pilot-scale constant-rate and declining-rate direct fil-
tration systems were evaluated for treating a high qual-
ity surface water, using two flow rates and alum or cati-
onic polymer as the primary coagulant. Turbidity, parti-
cle count, and total coliform count were used to com-
pare filtrate qualities. It was found that the effluent
qualities for the two filtration schemes were the same-
a results that disagrees with the conclusions of a previ-
ous study that used lime-softened groundwater. How-
ever, the results of the current study were consistent
with those of past projects in that the rate of head loss
increase was the same for both types of filters. (Copy-
right (c) 1986 Journal AWWA.)
Keywords: 'Filtration, 'Surface waters, Water treat-
ment, Flow rate, Turbidity, Coliform bacteria, Particles,
Giardiasis, Reprints.
PB87-175659/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Physical and Chemical Factors That Influence the
Anaerobic Degradation of Methyl Parathion in
Sediment Systems. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
N. L. Wolfe, B. E. Kitchens, D. L. Macalady, and T. J.
Grundl. C1986,10p EPA/600/J-86/301
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 5(12),
p1019-1026 Dec 86. Prepared in cooperation with Col-
orado School of Mines, Golden. Dept. of Chemistry
and Geochemistry.
The kinetics of disappearance of methyl parathion
(0,0-dimethyl-0-p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate) were
studied in anaerobic sediment samples in the laborato-
ry as a function of methyl parathion concentration, pH,
and Eh. The disappearance of methyl parathion is de-
scribed by first-order kinetics and amino methyl par-
athion (0,0-dimethyl-O-p-aminophenyl phosphoroth-
ioate) was identified as a reduction product. In the
strongly reducing sediments, the half-lives were on the
order of a few minutes. In water isolated from the sedi-
ment, no reaction could be detected over the period of
a week. Also, there is no apparent correlation between
the first-order disappearance rate constants and the
pH of the sediment samples. In heat-sterilized sedi-
ments, the disappearance rate constants are retarded
about two orders of magnitude relative to nonsterile
sediments. In chemically treated sediments, first-order
disappearance rate constants are comparable to
those in the nonsterile system. (Copyright (c) Perga-
mon Journals Ltd., 1986.)
Keywords: 'Anaerobic processes, 'Degradation,
'Sediments, Pesticides, Kinetics, Oxidation reduction
reactions, Reprints, 'Methyl parathion, Phosphoroth-
ioate/o-o-(dimethyl)-o-p-(nitrophenyl). Aquatic ecosys-
tems.
PB87-175667/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pulmonary Biochemical Effects of Inhaled Phos-
oene in Rats. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
park NO-
S Franch, and G. E. Hatch. c1986,13p EPA/600/J-
86/290
780 Vol. 90, No. 24
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health
19, p413-423 1986. Prepared in cooperation with
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
Three exposure regimens were used to study the ef-
fects of inhaled phosgene (COC12). Rats were sacri-
ficed (1) immediately or throughout a 38 day recovery
period after inhalation of 1 ppn COC12 for 4 hrs, (2) at
intervals during a 7 hr exposure to 1 ppm phosgene, or
(3) at several time points throughout a 17 day expo-
sure to 0.125 and 0.25 ppm COC12 (4 hr/day, 5 days/
wk) and during a 21 day recovery period. Regimen 1
revealed significantly elevated lung wet weight, lung
nonprotein sulfhydryl (NPSH) content, and glucose-6-
phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity which
stayed elevated for up to 14 days. A significant de-
crease in body weight and food intake was observed 1
day after exposure. Regimen 2 caused a slight depres-
sion in NPSH content but did not affect G6PD. Regi-
men 3 animals showed sustained elevations in lung
weight, NPSH content, and G6PD activity after 7 days
of exposure. No significant changes in these endpoints
were observed for the 0.125 ppm COC12 group. No
consistent elevation in hydroxyproline content was
seen at either exposure concentration. Light micro-
scopic examination of lung tissues exposed to 0.25
ppm COC12 for 17 days revealed moderate multifocal
accumulation of mononuclear cells in the centriacinar
region. In summary, exposure to COC12 caused
changes similar in most ways to those observed for
other lower respiratory tract irritants. (Copyright (c)
1986 by Hemisphere Publishing Corporation.)
Keywords: 'Phosgene, 'Respiratory diseases, Lung,
Biochemistry, Exposure, Toxicity, Respiration, Labora-
tory animals, Reprints, 'Biochemical phenomena.
PB87-175782/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Cadmium Technical Support Document.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 86, 90p* EPA/540/09-077
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
"Toxicology, Toxicity, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory
animals, Exposure, Physiological effects, Regulations,
Concentration(Composition), 'Toxic substances,
'Cadmium compounds, Health risks, Pesticide resi-
dues, Path of pollutants, Mutagenesis, Oncogenesis,
Bioaccumulation.
PB87-175808/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Heptachlor as the Active In-
gredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Dec 86,141p EPA/540/RS-87/018
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products. Public health, Regulations, Ecology,
Manufacturing, Toxicology, Insecticides, 'Reregistra-
tion, 'Toxic substances, 'Heptachlor, Path of pollut-
ants. Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide
Act, CAS 76-44-8.
PB87-175816/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Chlordane as the Active In-
redient.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Dec 86,144p* EPA/540/RS-87/015
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained In the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Chlordan, Standards, Guide-
lines, Genetics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materi-
als, Agricultural products. Public health, Regulations,
Ecology, Manufacturing, Toxicology, Termiticides,
Chlorine organic compounds. "Registration, 'Toxic
substances, "Chlordane, Path of pollutants, Federal
Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, CAS 57-
47-9.
PB87-175824/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Interspecies Dosimetry of Reactive Gases,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
F. J. Miller, J. H. Overton, T. R. Gerrity, and R. C.
Graham. Mar 87, 36p EPA/600/D-87/105
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc..
Research Triangle Park, NC.
The development of dosimetry models that can pro-
vide a description of the uptake and distribution of in-
haled compounds throughout the body and the avail-
ability of animal toxicological data are integral compo-
nents for a full evaluation of potential risks associated
with human exposure. Interspecies dosimetric com-
parisons must be approached using a model concep-
tualization that incorporates the major factors affecting
the uptake of the gas, such as respiratory tract mor-
phology, route of breathing, depth and rate of breath-
ing, physicochemical properties of the gas, etc. Model-
ing efforts thus far have primarily focused on ozone. A
comparison of theoretical predictions of delivered
dose of ozone to the lower respiratory tract of man
shows good agreement with dose estimates derived
from experimental measurements. Applications to
ozone toxicological data in animals and man have
been examined that incorporate the use of dosimetry
models in studying quantitative dose-response rela-
tionships.
Keywords: "Dosimetry, Air pollution, Respiration, Toxi-
cology, Exposure, Mathematical models. Physiochemi-
cal properties, Ozone, "Reactive gases, Risk assess-
ment.
PB87-175832/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Estimating Performance/Costs of Retrofitting
Control Technologies at 12 Coal-Fired Power
Plants. Rept. for Nov 85-Feb 87,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. W. Jones, T. E. Emmel, and B. A. Laseke Mar 87
20p* EPA/600/D-87/106
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
Prepared in cooperation with PEI Associates, Inc., Cin-
cinnati, OH. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lao.
The paper gives results of estimating performance/
costs of retrofitting pollution control technologies at 12
coal-fired power plants. In cooperation with the states
of Ohio and Kentucky (in conjunction with EPA's state
acid rain program), efforts were undertaken to visit and
conduct detailed evaluations of 12 coal-fired plants-5
in Ohio and 7 in Kentucky and the Tennessee Valley
Authority system. A variety ol commercial and ad-
vanced S02 and NOx control technologies-tactudina
precombustlon, oombustion (in-furnace), and post-
combustion (flue gas cleanup) technologies-were ao-
plied to each plant through conceptual designs. Retro-
fit factors (applied to the capital cost of a new pollution
control system), cost adders (e.g., movement of exist-
ing equipment), and costs were developed for applying
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Results of these and subsequent efforts will be valua-
ble in evaluations of acid deposition control strategies
by federal and state agencies and by electric utilities.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, Performance, Cost
estimates, Flue gases, Boilers, Sulfur dioxide,
Graphs(Charts), Electric power plants, 'Coal fired
power plants, Stationary sources, Acid rain.
PB87-175840/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Millimeter-Wave Emlsslvity of Cellular Systems,
Tufts Univ., Medford, MA.
K. H. Winger. Mar 87, 49p EPA/600/1 -87/002
Contract EPA-68-02-3776
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
A general analysis has been presented of the millime-
ter-wave and farinfrared spectroscopic properties of in
vivo cellular systems, and of the boson radiative equi-
librium with steady-state nonequilibrium molecular sys-
tems. The frequency threshhold of spectroscopic
properties associated with such nonequilibrium effects
is (roughly) estimated to be as low as -100 GHz, if the
Frohlich vibrational model can be invoked for cellular-
membrane systems. On this basis, the rationale for the
specific experimental protocol employed was further to
utilize the fact that in a photosynthetic preparation the
onset and disappearance of the nonequilibrium state
can be switched by modulating the optical-illumination
input. An order of magnitude of refinement in the theo-
retical models will be required to serve as a reliable
guide for the prediction of frequency threshholds.
Keywords: 'Millimeter waves, *Cells(Biology), Emis-
sivity, Far infrared radiation, Spectroscopic analysis,
Bosons, Radiometry, In vivo analysis.
PB87-175857/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Characterization of Advanced Sorbents for Dry
S02 Control. Published paper Oct 84-Mar 87,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
W Jozewicz, J. C. S. Chang, C. B. Sedman, and T. G.
Brna. Mar87,31p EPA/600/D-87/095
Contract EPA-68-02-3988
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper discusses the development of new flyash/
lime sorbents for removing S02 from coal-fired flue
gas. Flyash/lime weight ratios of 1:1 to 10:1 and sever-
al additives to these sorbents for promoting their reac-
tivity were evaluated in a bench-scale reactor simulat-
ing conditions in a fabric filter. Of the additives tested,
Na2HP04.7H20, (NH4J2HP04, and H3P04 signifi-
cantly enhanced the reactivity of the dry sorbents with
S02. Alternative sources of silica were reacted with
lime, and the resultant dry sorbents were shown to be
highly reactive with S02. Of the siliceous materials
tested, several diatomaceous earths, montmorillonitic
clays, and kaolins were identified as containing reac-
tive silica. The morphology of the sorbents developed
was characterized. This information, along with the re-
actor test results, was used to rate the sorbents for
pilot plant evaluation.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Sor-
bents, Absorbers(Material), Flue gases, Coal, Com-
bustion, Fabric filters.
PB87-175931/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Immunofluorescence Detection of Cryptospori-
dium' Oocyst* in Fecal Smears. Journal article,
Washington Univ., Seattle. School of Public Health and
Community Medicine.
H. H. Stibbs, and J. E. Ongerth. C1986, 8p EPA/600/J-
86/299
Pub. in Jnl. of Clinical Microbiology, v24 n4 p517-521
Oct 86. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
An indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) procedure was
developed for the detection of Cryptosporidium sp. oo-
cysts in human, nonhuman primate, and bovine fecal
smears. The procedure, which takes about 90 min to
perform, involves the use of a rabbit antiserum against
Cryptosporidium oocysts isolated from dairy cattle.
Cross-specificity testing of the IFA method revealed no
reactivity with yeasts, various amoebae, Giardia lamb-
lia, Chilomastix sp., or Blastocysts sp. and only very
weak cross-reactivity with coccidian oocysts of other
genera. IFA detection of oocysts in human and nonhu-
man primate fecal smears was far more sensitive than
was dimethyl sulfoxide-carbolfuchsin staining. More-
over, IFA detection was comparable in sensitivity to
auramine 0 staining with samples of high oocyst con-
centration and somewhat more sensitive than aura-
mine 0 with sample containing relatively few oocysts.
The IFA procedure may be useful in the clinical diagno-
sis of human and animal cryptosporidiosis and also in
the detection of oocysts in environmental samples.
(Copyright (c) 1986, American Society for Microbiolo-
gy)
Keywords: *Para sitology, "Feces, Coccidioides,
Methyl sulfoxide, Benzophenones, Fluorescence, Bio-
logical stains, Cattle, Primates, Reprints, "Crytospori-
dium. 'Coccidia, Macaca nemestrina, Rosaniline dyes,
Dimethyl sulfoxide.
PB87-175949/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Acute and Chronic Effects of Water Quality Crite-
ria-Based Metal Mixtures on Three Aquatic Spe-
cies (Journal Version). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duiuth, MN.
R. L. Spehar, and J. T. Fiandt. 1986,17p EPA/600/J-
86/297
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v5
p917-931 1986. See also PB86-122579.
Acute and chronic toxicity tests were conducted with
three aquatic species to determine the effects of
metals combined as mixtures at proposed water qual-
ity criteria concentrations and at multiples of the LC50
and maximum acceptable toxicant concentration
(MATC) obtained from tests on six metals. These stud-
ies were the first part of a larger research effort to
derive water quality criteria for combined pollutants by
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Toxicity, 'Aquatic animals,
'Water pollution, Fishes, Invertebrates,
Concentration(Composition), Arsenic, Cadmium, Chro-
mium, Copper, Mercury(Metal), Trout, Minnows, Daph-
nia, Survival, Reprints, Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB87-175956/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Simulation of Continuous-Contact Separation
Processes: Multlcomponent, Adiabatic Absorp-
tion. Journal article,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. Dept. of Chemi-
cal Engineering.
D. M. Hitch, R. W. Rousseau, and J. K. Ferrell. c1986,
9p EPA/600/J-86/296
Pub. in I and EC Process Design and Development,
v25 p699-705 1986. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lao.
A new algorithm has been developed for the steady-
state simulation of multicomponent, adiabatic absorp-
tion in packed columns. The system of differential
model equations that describe the physical absorption
process is reduced to algebraic equations by using a
finite difference method This system of algebraic
equations is then solved by using a block-tridiagonal
matrix decomposition procedure. Both the physical
model and the matrix solution method are discussed in
the paper. Simulation predictions are compared with
experimental results and with the predictions of an ear-
lier algorithm. The new simulation procedure was
found to perform quite well for the system studied and
represents a considerable improvement over its pred-
ecessor from the standpoint of solution accuracy.
(Copyright (c) 1986 by the American Chemical Society
and reprinted by permission of the copyright owner.)
Keywords: 'Adiabatic conditions, Absorption, Algo-
rithms, Reprints.
PB87-175964/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Relation of Lead and Social Factors to IQ of Low-
SES Children: A Partial Replication. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
B. A. Hawk, S. R. Schroeder, and G. Robinson. C1986,
8p EPA/600/J-86/294
Pub. in American Jnl. of Mental Deficiency, v91 n2
p 178-183 1986. Prepared in cooperation with North
Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
An independent replication of a previous study
(Schroeder et al., 1985) of the effects of interactive
social environmental factors on the relationship of lead
and Stanford-Binet IQ was performed on 75 of 80 low-
Socioeconomic status black children screened by
county health departments in North Carolina. Chil-
dren's mean blood lead (PbB) level was 20.8 micro-
grams/d1 (range 6.3 to 47.4). Multivariate regression
analyses showed no significant interactions between
PbB and age, sex, maternal IO, Caldwell home envi-
ronment score, or SES (Hollingshead Two-Factor
Index). There was a highly significant negative relation-
ship between both mean and maximum PbB levels
with IQ, p< .002: that is, IQ decreased linearly as PbB
increased. The most accurate and precise regression
model included lead, maternal IQ, home environment,
and gender. (Copyright (c) 1986 American Association
on Mental Deficiency.)
Keywords: 'Intelligence, 'Lead(Metal), "Children, Be-
havior disorders, Growth abnormalities, Cognition, Low
income groups, Replicating, Reprints, "Social factors.
PB87-176004/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Preliminary Evaluations of Initial TSCA (Toxic
Substances Control Act) Section 8(e) Substantial
Risk Notices. January 1, 1985 to December 31,
1986.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Mar 87,471p EPA/560/2-87/001
See also PB87-129409.
The volume contains, in ascending submission
number order, 'status reports' (i.e., preliminary evalua-
tions) prepared by staff of the Office of Toxic Sub-
stances in EPA's Office of Pesticides and Toxic sub-
stances for initial submissions received by EPA from
chemical manufacturers, importers, processors and
distributors from January 1, 1985 to December 31,
1986 under Section 8(e), the 'substantial risk' informa-
tion reporting provision of the Toxic Substances Con-
trol Act (TSCA). The status reports contained in this
compendium reflect only the initial phase of the Agen-
cy's evaluation process for the submitted information.
The TSCA Section 8(e) status reports volume has
been published by the Agency for two reasons. First, a
volume of Section 8(e) status reports with appropriate
indices will make the submitted information more ac-
cessible. Second, this volume may, by providing spe-
cific examples of submitted information and EPA s pre-
liminary evaluation of that information, help those per-
sons subject to Section 8(e) understand better the
types of information that should be submitted to EPA
under this mandatory reporting provision of TSCA.
Keywords: Risk, Public health, Hazards, Chemical
compounds, Environmental surveys, Evaluation,
'Toxic substances control act, 'Toxic substances,
Health hazards.
PB87-176285/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Environmental Assessment of a Wood-Waste-
Fired Industrial Flretube Boiler. Volume 1. Techni-
cal Results. Final rept. Jan 81 -Mar 84,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Environmental Sys-
tems Div.
R. DeRosier, and L. R. Waterland. Mar 87,71 d' TR-
83-123/ESD-VOL-1, EPA/600/7-87/01 OA
Contract EPA-68-02-3188
See also Volume 2, PB87-176293. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report gives emission results from field tests of a
wood-waste-fired industrial firetube boiler. Emission
measurements included: continuous monitoring of flue
gas emissions: source assessment sampling systerrt
(SASS) sampling of the flue gas with subsequent labo-
ratory analysis of samples to give total flue gas organ-
ics in two boiling point ranges, compound category in-
formation within these ranges, specific quantitation of
the semivolatile organic priority pollutants, and flue gas
concentrations of 65 trace elements; Method 5 sam-
pling for particulates; controlled condensation system
(CSS) sampling for S02 and S03; and grab sampling
of boiler bottom ash for trace element content determi-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
nations. Total organic emissions from the boiler were
5.7 mg/dscm, about 90% of which consisted of vola-
tile compounds.
Keywords: * Air pollution control, 'Wood wastes, Flue
gases, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons. Sulfur
oxides, Nitrogen oxides, Carbon monoxides,
Concentration(Composition), "Fire tube boilers, 'Sta-
tionary sources, "Environmental assessment, Air pol-
lution sampling.
PB87-176293/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Environmental Assessment of a Wood-Waste-
Fired Industrial Firetube Boiler. Volume 2. Data
Supplement. Final rept. Jan 81-Mar 84,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Environmental Sys-
tems Div.
R. DeRosier, and L. R. Waterland. Mar 87,116p* TR-
83-123 /ESD-VOL-2, EPA/600/7-87/01 OB
Contract EPA-68-02-3188
See also Volume 1, PB87-176285. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report gives emission results from field tests of a
wood-waste-fired industrial firetube boiler. Emission
measurements included: continuous monitoring of flue
gas emissions; source assessment sampling system
(SASS) sampling of the flue gas with subsequent labo-
ratory analysis of samples to give total flue gas organ-
ics in two boiling point ranges, compound category in-
formation within these ranges, specific quantitation of
the semivolatile organic priority pollutants, and flue gas
concentrations of 65 trace elements; Method 5 sam-
pling for particulates; controlled condensation system
(CSS) sampling for S02 and S03; and grab sampling
of boiler bottom ash for trace element content determi-
nations. Emission levels of five polycyclic organic
matter species and phenol were quantitated: except
for naphthalene, all were emitted at less than 0.4 mi-
crogram/dscm.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Wood wastes, Flue
gases, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Sulfur
oxides, Nitrogen oxides, Carbon monoxides,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), "Fire tube
boilers, "Stationary sources, Air pollution sampling,
Environmental assessment.
PB87-176384/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Economic Analysis Div.
Improving RIAs (Regulatory Impact Analyses):
Suggestions for the Analysis of Hazardous Waste
Regulations. Executive Summary. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. A. Mauskopf, D. Anderson, and P. Jacobs. Jan 87,
20p" EPA/230/02-87/024
Contract EPA-68-01-7033
See also PB87-176392. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Economic Analy-
sis Div.
The report reviews the components required in a regu-
latory impact analysis (RIA) of major federal regula-
tions. Eight recent hazardous waste RIAs then are
evaluated in terms of how well they meet these re-
quirements. Twelve specific recommendations are
provided for improving the usefulness of hazardous
waste RIAs in the regulatory decision process.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, Regulations, Benefit
cost analysis. Federal government, "Hazardous
wastes, "Regulatory impact analysis.
PB87-176392/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Economic Analysis Div.
Improving RIAs (Regulatory Impact Analyses):
Suggestions for the Analysis of Hazardous Waste
Regulations. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst.. Research Triangle Park, NC.
J A Mauskopf, D.Anderson, and P. Jacobs. Jan 87,
165p* EPA/230/02-87/023
Contract EPA-68-01-7033
See also Executive Summary, PB87-176384 Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, DC. Economic Analysis Div.
The report reviews the components required in a regu-
latory impact analysis (RIA) of major federal regula-
tions. Eight recent hazardous waste RIAs then are
evaluated in terms of how well they meet these re-
quirements. Twelve specific recommendations are
provided for improving the usefulness of hazardous
waste RIAs in the regulatory decision process.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, Regulations, Benefit
cost analysis, Federal government, "Hazardous
wastes, "Regulatory impact analysis.
PB87-176426/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Some Results from the Demonstration of Indoor
Radon Reduction Measures in Block Basement
Houses. Rept. for Jun 85-Feb 87,
American ATCON, Inc., Wilmington, DE.
D. B. Henschel, and A. G. Scott. Mar 87,11 p* EPA/
600/D-87/089
Contract EPA-68-02-4203
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper gives results of tests of active soil ventila-
tion techniques in 24 block-wall basement houses in
eastern Pennsylvania having significantly elevated
indoor radon concentrations, generally above 740 Bq/
cu m. The results indicate that radon levels can be re-
duced substantially (often below the U.S. EPA guide-
line of 148 Bq/cu m) if effective suction can be drawn
on the soil underneath the concrete slabs of these
houses. Such effective suction appears achievable
when either: (a) the house has a complete loop of
drain tile around its footings for water drainage pur-
poses, and suction is drawn on that loop; or (b) a suffi-
cient number of suction pipes can be inserted at the
proper locations into the crushed rock or soil under-
neath the slab.
Keywords: Residential buildings, "Radon, Tests, Soils,
Ventilation, Pennsylvania, "Air pollution control,
"Indoor air pollution.
PB87-176434/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Toxicokinetic Modeling of <14)C-Pentachloro-
phenol in the Rainbow Trout ('Salmo gairdnerl).
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. M. McKim, P. K. Schmieder, and R. J. Erickson.
1986,24p EPA/600/J-86/295
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology, v9 p59-80 1986.
An in vivo trout model was used to monito the major
routes and rates of pentachlorophenol uptake and
elimination. A first-order kinetic model and observed
data were used to generate fitted and predicted rate
constants required for evaluation of first-order kinetic.
The fitted first-order uptake-depuration curves for all
experimental animals agreed with those observed sug-
gesting first-order kinetics approximated the behavior
of whole-body (14)C-pentachlorophenol (PCP) burden.
Keywords: "Fishes, "Toxicology, Absorption, Metabo-
lism, Elimination, Dosimetry, Reaction kinetics, Re-
prints, "Pentachlorophenol, "Water pollution
effects(Animals), Bioconcentration, Xenobiotics, Risk
assessment.
PB87-176442/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Multipole Expansion Techniques for the Calcula-
tion and Characterization of Molecular Electro-
static Potentials. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. R. Rabinowitz, and S. B. Little. c1986,12p EPA/
600/J-86/315
Pub. in International Jnl. of Quantum Chemistry: Quan-
tum Biology Symposium 13, p9-18 1986. Prepared in
cooperation with Environmental Health Research and
Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The electrostatic interaction between a chemical and
its site of biological action is often important in deter-
mining biological activity. In order to include this inter-
action in methods to assess the potential biological ac-
tivity of large molecules, rapid and reliable techniques
are needed for its calculation and characterization. A
finite multicenter multipole expansion technique pro-
vides a good approximation of the molecular electro-
static potential in circumstances of interest. This tech-
nique introduces multipoles at expansion centers
within the molecule in addition to atoms. It is difficult to
interpret the significance of these multipole terms that
are not centered on atoms. Methods are introduced to
eliminate the expansion centers and truncate the now
infinite multipole expansion. We have found that elimi-
nating all centers with a charge less than .1 of an elec-
tron unit has little effect on tne results. Two methods
for obtaining multipole expansions only at atomic cen-
ters are investigated. The expansion of two center
charge distributions about the nearest atom is found to
give better results than dividing the two center gaus-
sian charge distributions between the atomic centers
for the gaussians. (Copyright (c) 1986 by John Wilev
and Sons, Inc.)
Keywords: "Expansion, "Electrostatics, Interactions,
Molecules, Centers, Normal density functions, Biology,
Bioassay, Reprints, "Multipolarity, Charge distribution
Gaussian processes.
PB87-176459/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Granular Activated Carbon Reactivation: Perform-
ance, Cost, and Problems,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research Div.
B. W. Lykins. Mar 87, 29p" EPA/600/D-87/102
There is a high probability that GAC will be used more
extensively by drinking water utilities. GAC is a proven
media for removing synthetic organics from drinking
water. A number of utilities, many of them small water
systems, have found both volatile (VOC) and synthetic
(SOC) organics in their groundwater sources. Off-site
or regional reactivation offers the possibility of minimiz-
ing GAC replacement costs. Reactivated carbon has
been shown to be as effective as virgin carbon. How-
ever, a utility that is considering on-site reactivation
needs to be aware that mechanical, design, and oper-
ational problems can occur. With proper training, a
good spare parts inventory, and manufacturer assist-
ance, reactivation units can be maintained and operat-
ed effectively.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Potable water,
Performance, Cost analysis, Expenses, Organic com-
pounds, "Granular activated carbon.
PB87-176467/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Parameterization of Subsurface Heating for Soil
and Concrete Using Net Radiation Data. Journal
article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
D. Doll, J. K. S. China, and J. Kaneshiro. C1985,24p
EPA/600/J-85/478
Pub. in Boundary-Layer Meteorology, v32 P351-372
Aug 85. Prepared In cooperation with North Carolina
State Univ. at Raleigh, and National Aeronautics and
Space Administration, Houston, TX. Lyndon B. John-
son Space Center.
The variability of surface sensible heat flux depend
strongly on the rate of heating of the underlying sur-
faces. The variability is expected to be large in urban
areas where the surfaces are layered with a variety of
man-made materials. Parameterization of the ground
heat storage as a function of surface materials is pre-
sented based on analyses of the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency's Regional Air Pollution Study
(RAPS) conducted in St. Louis, MO. Ground heat flux
data are derived from observations of surface and sub-
surface temperatures for a soil layer and for concrete
slabs resting on soil. Simple mathematical expressions
giving the ratio of ground heat storage to net radiation
as a function of time are presented.
Keywords: "Concrete slabs, "Soils, "Heat storage*,
Urban areas, Heat flux. Radiation pyrometers, Diurnal
variations, Mathematical models, Density(Mass/
volume), Reprints, Atmospheric boundary layer, Para-
meterization.
PB87-176475/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Modeling of Phytoplankton In Saginaw Bay. i.
Calibration Phase. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
V. J. Bierman, and D. M. Dolan. 1986,18pERLN-685
EPA/6OO/J-06/292
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Engineering, v112 ri2
p400-414 Apr 88. Prepared in cooperation with Envi-
ronmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie, Ml. Large
Lakes Research Station.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
A deterministic, spatially segmented, multi-class phy-
toplankton model is calibrated to an extensive set of
field data acquired on Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron,
during 1974 and 1975. Significant differences between
observed mean values from the field data, and mean
values computed by the model output and field data
for 86% of the sampling cruises in the principal spatial
segments. Seasonal mean values between model
output and field data are also compared because of
hydrological and productivity cycles. Discrepancies
occur for water column total phosphorus concentra-
tions. The resuspension mechanism in the calibrate
model accounts for 36 and 68%, respectively, of the
computed spring and fall average total phosphorus
concentrations.
Keywords: "Phytoplankton, "Saginaw Bay, Mathemati-
cal models, Field tests, Hydrology, Biological produc-
tivity, Phosphorus, Concentration(Composition), Re-
prints.
PB87-176541 /HSU	PC A05/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Research
Program Guide, FY-1987, October 1, 1986-Septem-
ber 30,1967.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Sep 86, 88p* EPA/600/9-86/028
See also report for FY-1985, PB85-181881.
The free and open exchange of knowledge both stimu-
lates and provides quality control for the progress of
science. The report provides information on the re-
search which EPA is planning for this fiscal year, on
how much EPA intend to spend on each program area,
and on whom to contact for further details. More than
60 percent of the research budget will be spent
through extramural contracts, grants, and cooperative
agreements with organizations outside of EPA's lab-
oratories. It is the intent of EPA to increase the effi-
ciency and effectiveness of this research by placing
great emphasis upon open competition for extramural
support. It is hoped that the information in the report
will stimulate qualified parties and make their capabili-
ties known to our research managers so that everyone
might gain from sharing experience and expertise.
Keywords: "Research projects, "Environmental sur-
veys, Air pollution, Chemical analysis, Water quality,
Toxicity, Pesticides, Waste disposal, Quality assur-
ance, Industrial wastes, Water pollution, Radioactive
contaminants, Sewage, Potable water, Exhaust emis-
sion, Assessments, "EPA, Superfund program, Air
quality, Hazardous wastes, Toxic substances, Land
disposal.
PB87-176558/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of Anaerobic Expanded Bed Reactor
for Sewage Treatment,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
A. E. Eralp, D. F. Bishop, T. Kimata, S. Mehrotra, and
K. M. Lee. Mar 87,26p EPA/600/D-87/090
Prepared in cooperation with Miami Univ., Oxford, OH.,
and Cincinnati Univ., OH.
Bench scale anaerobic expanded bed reactors were
operated at the U.S. EPA Test and Evaluation Facility
to determine the effect of relative concentrations be-
tween organics and sulfate on the organics removal.
The bench scale results showed that less organics
were removed as the sulfate loading rate was in-
creased under the constant organic loading operation.
When the organic loading rate was increased, on the
other hand, the sulfate removal was increased and
reached a plateau value under the constant sulfate
loading operation. The former Indicated that excessive
amounts of sulfate in the influent can affect the anaer-
obic treatment process adversely, while the tetter indi-
cated that the sulfate removal rate can be limited by
the organics and sulfate concentration in the influent.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Anaerobic process-
es, Sulfate reducing bacteria, Constraining, Fluidized
bed processors, Waste water, Chemical
removal(Sewage treatment), Biodegradation, Anaero-
bic digestion.
PB87-176574/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter and
Sulfur Oxides (1982) (Second Addendum): As-
sessmet of Newly Available Health Effects Infor-
mation. Final Report.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Dec 86, 217p EPA/600/8-86/020F
See also report dated Jul 86, PB86-221249.
The second addendum to the Air Quality Criteria for
Particulate Matter and Sulfur Oxides evaluates and as-
sesses new scientific information that have emerged
since 1982 and their implications for derivation of
health-related criteria for particulate matter and sulfur
oxides NAAQS. Accordingly, the present addendum;
(1) concisely summarizes key findings from the 1982
EPA criteria document and first addendum as they per-
tain to derivation of health-related criteria; and (2) pro-
vides an updated assessment of newly available infor-
mation of potential importance for derivation of health
criteria for both the particulate matter and sulfur oxides
standards, with major emphasis on evaluation of
human health studies published since 1982. Certain
background information of crucial importance for un-
derstanding the assessed health effects findings is
also concisely summarized. This includes information
on physical and chemical properties on particulate
matter, sulfur oxides, and associated aerosols and am-
bient monitoring techniques.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Public health, "Sulfur
oxides,	"Toxicology,	Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Sources, Epidemiology,
Sampling, Humans, Respiratory diseases, "Air quality,
"Air pollution effects(Humans), "Particulate matter,
"Health hazards, Inhalation, Particulate sampling.
PB87-176608/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Simulation of Aerosol Dynamics: A Comparative
Review of Mathematical Models. Journal article,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
C. Seigneur, A. B. Hudischewskyj, J. H. Seinfeld, K. T.
Whitby, and E. R. Whitby. c1986,20p EPA/600/J-86/
321
Contract EPA-68-02-4076
Pub. in Aerosol Science and Technology, v5 p205-222
Apr 86. Prepared in cooperation with California Inst, of
Tech., Pasadena. Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Min-
nesota Univ., Minneapolis. Dept. of Mechanical Engi-
neering, and Texas Univ. at Austin. Dept. of Chemical
Engineering. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric
Sciences Research Lab.
Three modeling approaches are used that are based
continuous, discrete (sectional), and parameterized
representations of the aerosol size distribution. Simu-
lations of coagulation and condensation are performed
with the three models for clear, hazy and urban atmos-
pheric conditions. Relative accuracies and computa-
tional costs are compared. Reference for the compari-
son is the continuous approach. The results of the
study provide useful information for the selection of an
aerosol model, depending on the accuracy require-
ments and computational constraints associated with
a specific application. (Copyright (c) 1986 Elsevier Sci-
ence Publishing Co. Inc.)
Keywords: "Aerosols, "Mathematical models, Simula-
tion,	Dynamics,	Coagulation,
Concentration(Composition), Costs, Accuracy, Particle
size, Reprints.
PB87-176616/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Relationships of Quantitative Structure-Activity to
Comparative Toxicity of Selected Phenols in the
'Pimephales promelas' and 'Tetrahymena pyrlfor-
mis' Test Systems. Journal article,
Tennessee Univ., Knoxville.
T. W. Schuitz, Q. W. Holcombe, and G. L. Phipps.
C1986, lOp EPA/600/J-86/319
Grant EPA-R-810791
Pub. in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 12,
p146-153 Oct 86. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab.-Duluth, MN.
The relative toxic response of 27 selected phenols in
the 96-hr acute flowthrough Pimephales promelas (fat-
head minnow) and the 48- to 60-hr chronic static Te-
trahymena pyriformis (ciliate protozoan) test systems
was evaluated. Log Kow-dependent linear regression
analyses revealed that the data from each test system
consisted of two linear equations. The less toxic
chemicals form a relationship which models polar nar-
cosis: these chemicals are slightly more active than
the baseline toxicity of nonionic narcotic chemicals.
The more toxic chemicals form a relationship which
models uncouplig of oxidative phosphorylation. Re-
gression analysis of fathead minnow toxicity (log LC50
(mol/liter)) vs Tetrahymena toxicity (log BR (mmol/
liter)) showed good correlation between the two sys-
tems. An exception appears to be 4-nitrophenol, which
is more active in the Tetrahymena system than in the
fathead minnow and lies outside the 95% confidence
interval. Reanalysis following deletion of 4-nitrophenol
results in the equation log LC50 = -0.9192 (log BR) -
3.5035; n = 26, r(2) = 0.887. (Copyright (c) 1986 Aca-
demic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: "Toxicity, Phenols, Toxic tolerances, Linear
regression, Narcosis, Phosphorylation, Reprints, Pime-
phales promelas, Fathead minnow, Tetrahymena pyri-
formis, Ciliate protozoan.
PB87-176624/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Remote Measurement of Sulfur Dioxide Emissions
Using an Ultraviolet Light Sensitive Video System.
Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
H. B. McElhoe, and W. D. Conner. c1986,8p EPA600/
J-86/323
Contracts EPA-68-02-2566, EPA-68-02-4033
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v36
p42-47 1986. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric
Sciences Research Lab.
Remote measurements of sulfur dioxide emissions
were made using a portable ultraviolet (UV) light sensi-
tive video system. The instrument system measures
the UV light attenuation caused by sulfur dioxide in the
effluent plume and relates this absorption to the sulfur
dioxide concentration. Laboratory and field tests were
conducted to establish the potential for using the tech-
nique for rapid surveillance of sulfur dioxide emissions.
The laboratory studies included testing by viewing
cells containing known concentrations of sulfur dioxide
and measuring the emissions from a modified smoke
generator. The field study was performed in two
stages. Sulfur dioxide emissions were measured at a
typical coal-fired power plant (concentrations ranged
from 80 to 365 ppm). the elevated concentrations
were obtained by reducing flue gas scrubber efficien-
cies. The second stage involved participation in an
urban particulate modeling study which involved rou-
tine sulfur dioxide emissions measurements at 12 in-
dustrial sites. (Copyright (c) 1986 Air Pollution Control
Association.)
Keywords: "Sulfur dioxide, "Air pollution, Plumes,
Measurement, Particle size, Electromagnetic absorp-
tion,	Light(Visible	radiation),
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, *Air pollution
sampling.
PB87-176632/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Identification of Gas-Phase Dimethyl Sulfate and
Monomethyl Hydrogen Sulfate in the Los Angeles
Atmosphere. Journal article,
Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT.
D. J. Eatough, V. F. White, L. D. Hansen. N. L
Eatough, and J. L. Cheney. C1986,8p EPA/600/J-86/
322
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v20
n9 p867-872 1986. Prepared in cooperation with Cali-
fornia Polytechnic State Univ., San Luis Obispo. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research
Lab.
Analytical techniques have been developed for the
collection and determination of gas phase dimethyl
sulfate and monomethyl sulfuric acid based on collec-
tion of the alkyl sulfate compounds with both denuder
tubes and resin sorption beds and analysis of the col-
lected material by ion chromatography. Gas phase di-
methyl sulfate and monomethyl sulfuric acid have
been identified in Los Angeles using these techniques.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The data indicate that dimethyl sulfate is present in
both particles and in the gas phase. The concentration
of gas phase methyl sulfates was found to be several
micrograms/cu m. These species thus account for a
significant fraction of the total sulfur budget in the Los
Angeles Basin during the sample period. (Copyright (c)
1986 American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: "Atmospheric composition, *Los
Angeles(California), Air pollution, Sulfur, Particles,
Chromatographic analysis, Aerosols, Smog, Reprints,
'Dimethyl sulfate, "Monomethyl hydrogen sulfate.
PB87-176640/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Small-Scale Pilot Evaluation of Calcium- and
Sodium-Based Sorbents for Dry S02 Removal.
Rept. for Jan-Dec 86,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
C. Jorgensen, J. C. S. Chang, T. G. Brna, and C. B.
Sedman. Mar 87,32pEPA/600/D-87/104
Contract EPA-68-02-3992
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper discusses a 100 cu m/h pilot facility (con-
sisting of a spray dryer, a sorbent injection system, a
duct section, and a pulse-jet baghouse or cyclone sep-
arator) used for testing the reaction at low temperature
between various calcium- and sodium-based sorbents
and S02 in the concentration range of 1000-2500
pprh. The sorbents tested were based on earlier-re-
ported sand-bed reactor (0.3 cu m/h) tests. The per-
formance of these sorbents is compared in terms of
S02 removal and stoichiometry with that obtained
using conventional slaked lime in spray drying or dry
injection under similar conditions.
Keywords: "Sorbents, "Desulfurization, Sodium, Calci-
um, Sulfur dioxide, Flue gases, Air pollution, Coal, Stoi-
chiometry, Pilot plants, "Dry methods, Air pollution
control, Stationary sources.
PB87-176657/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Natural Gradient Experiment on Solute Transport
in a Sand Aquifer: Spatial Variability of Hydraulic
Conductivity and Its Role in the Dispersion Proc-
ess. Journal article,
Waterloo Univ. (Ontario). Inst, for Ground Water Re-
search.
E. A. Sudicky. c1986,16p EPA/600/J-86/327
Pub. in Water Resources Research, v22 n13 p2069-
20B2 Dec 86. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environ-
mental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
The spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity at the
site of a long-term tracer test performed in the Borden
aquifer was examined in great detail by conducting
permeability measurements on a series of cores taken
along two cross sections. Along the two cross sec-
tions, a regular-spaced grid of hydraulic conductivity
data revealed that the aquifer is comprised of numer-
ous thin, discontinuous lenses of contrasting hydraulic
conductivity. A value for the longitudinal macrodisper-
sivity calculated from statistical parameters using
three-dimensional stochastic transport theory devel-
oped by L.W. Gelhar and C.L. Axness (1983) is about
0.6 m. For the vertically averaged case, the two-dimen-
sional theory developed by G. Dagan (1982, 1984)
yields a longitudinal dispersivity equal to 0.45 m. Use
of the estimated statistical parameters describing the
1 n (K) variability in Dagan's transient equations closely
predicted the observed longitudinal and horizontal
transverse spread of the tracer with time. (Copyright
(c) 1986 by the American Geophysical Union.)
Keywords: "Aquifers, "Sand filters. Hydraulic conduc-
tivity, Solutes, Transport properties, Dispersing,
Ground water, Water pollution, Gradients, Reprints,
"Foreign technology, Tracer studies.
PB87-176665/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Natural Gradient Experiment on Solute Transport
in a Sand Aquifer. 1. Approach and Overview of
Plume Movement. Journal article,
Stanford Univ.. CA. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
D. M. Mackay, D. L. Freyberg, P. V. Roberts, and J, A.
Cherry. c1986. 16p EPA/600/J-86/328
Grant EPA-R-808851
Pub. in Water Resources Research 22(13), p2017-
2029 Dec 86. See also PB87-176657. Prepared in co-
operation with Waterloo Univ. (Ontario). Inst, for
Ground Water Research. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr
Environmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
A large-scale field experiment on natural gradient
transport of solutes in groundwater has been conduct-
ed at a site in Borden, Ontario. Well-defined initial con-
ditions were achieved by the pulse injection of 12 cu m
of a uniform solution containing known masses of two
inorganic tracers (chloride and bromide) and five halo-
genated organic chemicals (bromoform, carbon tetra-
chloride, tetrachloroethylene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene,
and hexachloroethane). A dense, three-dimensional
array of over 5000 sampling points was installed
throughout the zone traversed by the solutes. Over
19,900 samples have been collected over a 3-year
period. The tracers followed a linear horizontal trajec-
tory at an approximately constant velocity, both of
which compare well with expectations based on water
table contours and estimates of hydraulic head gradi-
ent, porosity, and hydraulic conductivity. The vertical
displacement over the duration of the experiment was
small. Spreading was much more pronounced in the
horizontal longitudinal than in the horizontal transverse
direction; vertical spreading was very small. The or-
ganic solutes were retarded in mobility, as expected.
(Copyright (c) 1986 by the American Geophysical
Union.)
Keywords: "Aquifers, "Sand filters, "Hydraulic conduc-
tivity, "Plumes, Solutes, Transport properties, Ground
water, Gradients, Mobility, Velocity measurement, Re-
prints, "Foreign technology, Tracer studies,
Borden(Canada), Ontario.
PB87-176673/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Natural Gradient Experiment on Solute Transport
in a Sand Aquifer. 2. Spatial Moments and the Ad-
vection and Dispersion of Nonreactlve Tracers.
Journal article,
Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
D. L. Freyberg. C1986,19p EPA/600/J-86/329
Grant EPA-R-808851
Pub. in Water Resources Research, v22 n13 p2031-
2046 Dec 86. See also PB87-176665. Sponsored by
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
The three-dimensional movement of a tracer plume
containing bromide and chloride is investigated using
the data base from a large-scale natural gradient field
experiment on groundwater solute transport. The anal-
ysis focuses on the zeroth-, first-, and second-order
spatial moments of the concentration distribution.
These moments define integrated measures of the dis-
solved mass, mean solute velocity, and dispersion of
the plume. Estimates of the mass in solution for both
bromide and chloride demonstrate that the tracers be-
haved conservatively, as expected. Analysis of the
first-order moment estimates indicates that the experi-
mental tracer plumes traveled along identical trajector-
ies. The estimated mean solute velocity is identical for
both tracers (0.091 m/day) and is spatially and tempo-
rally uniform for the first 647 days of travel time. Plots
of the components of the covariance tensor as func-
tions of time show evidence of what is commonly
called 'scale-dependent' dispersion: the rate of growth
of the covariance over time is not linear. (Copyright (c)
1986 by the American Geophysical Union.)
Keywords: "Aquifers, "Sand filters, "Hydraulic conduc-
tivity, Bromides, Chlorides, Plumes, Ground water, So-
lutes, Transport properties, Gradients, Dispersing, Re-
prints, "Tracer studies.
PB87-176681/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Prevalence of Antibodies to Enteroviruses and
Varicella-Zoster Virus among Residents and Over-
seas Volunteers at Agricultural Settlements In
Israel. Journal article,
Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem (Israel).
M Margalith, B. Fattal, H. I. Shuval, and A. Morag.
C1986, 11p EPA/600/J-86/304
Grant EPA-R-806416
Pub. in Jnl. of Medical Virology, v20 n2 p189-197 Oct
86. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The aim of the study was to determine the susceptibili-
ty of a presumably high risk population to infections
caused by viruses with different modes of transmis-
sion. For this purpose, the prevalence of antibodies to
several viruses was determined among overseas vol-
unteers upon their arrival at kibbutzim and compared
with that found among kibbutz residents. The viruses
selected for antibody tests were divided into three cat-
egories according to their mode of transmission: fecal-
oral route only 'hepatitis A virus (HAV)'; fecal-oral and
respiratory routes 'Coxsackieviruses (COS) and echo-
viruses (ECHO)'; and airborne droplet and direct con-
tact with the skin 'varicella-zoster virus (VZV)'. Sero-
conversion rates, i.e., acquisition of antibodies to the
same viruses were measured in the volunteer group in
order to determine the level of infection after a 2
month exposure. (Copyright (c) 1986 Alan R. Liss, Inc.)
Keywords: "Antibodies, "Viruses, "Enteroviruses.
Israel, Coxsackie viruses, ECHO viruses, Immunology,
Chicken pox, Communities, Transmission, Reprints.
"Foreign technology.
PB87-176699/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Transition-Flow Reactor Tube for Measuring
Trace Gas Concentrations. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. L. Durham, T. G. Ellestad, L. Stockburger, K. T.
Knapp, and L. L. Spiller. 1986, 7p EPA/600/J-86/308
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v36
p 1228 -1232 1986.
Dry deposition contributes significantly to the acidifica-
tion of ecosystems. However, difficulties in measuring
dry deposition of reactive gases and fine particles
make routine direct monitoring impractical. An alter-
nate approach is to use the 'concentration monitoring*
method in which dry deposition is estimated from the
product of measured concentration and estimated
deposition velocity. A sampling system that performs
over the period of 6 hours to 7 days, depending on at-
mospheric concentrations, has been developed. It
consists of a Teflon cyclone to exclude particles larger
than about 2 micrometers, selective solid adsorption
media for reactive gases - some of which are sampled
from a transition flow to avoid bias from particle evapo-
ration, a particle filter, and a final gas adsorption filter
to collect the remaining trace gas. Laboratory and field
tests have shown that the sampler performs well for
HN03(g).
Keywords: "Gases, Atmospheric composition, Con-
centration, Reactivity, Aerosols, Air pollution, Nitric
acid, Reprints, "Dry deposition, "Transition flow reac-
tor, Acid precipitation.
PB87-176707/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Relationships between Direction of Wind Flow
and Ozone Inflow Concentrations at Rural Loca-
tions Outside of St. Louis, Missouri. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
A. P. Altshuller. 1986,13p EPA/600/J-86/309
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v20 n11 p217S-
2184 1986.
The relationships between the monthly averages of
daily 1200-1500 h 03 inflow concentrations and the
wind flow direction are evaluated using measurements
at rural locations outside of St. Louis, Missouri. Al-
though there may be a stratospheric component to
these ground level rural 03 concentrations, most of
the 03 measured can be associated with photochemi-
cal 03 formation in the free troposhere and in the
boundary layer. Most of the gradient in rural 03 con-
centrations from west to east of St. Louis is attribute#
to higher anthropogenic emissions of 03 precursors to
the east rather than to differences in meteorological
conditions from west to east.
Keywords: "Wind direction, "Air pollution, "Ozone
Rural areas, Emission, Boundary layer, Photochemical
reaction, Troposphere, Air quality data. Saint
Louis(Missouri).
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-176715/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Products Identified at an Alternative Disinfection
Pilot Plant. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
B. W. Lykins, and W. Koffskey. C1986, 11p EPA/600/
J-86/320
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v69 pt 19-
128 1986 See also PB86-101169. Prepared in coop-
eration with Jefferson Parish Dept. of Public Utilities,
LA.
A research cooperative agreement was developed
with Jefferson Parish, Louisiana, to evaluate four paral-
lel streams treated with four different disinfectants
(chlorine, monochloramine, chlorine dioxide, and
ozone). These streams, along with a fifth parallel
stream, which was not treated with a disinfectant (con-
trol), were passed through both sand and granular acti-
vated carbon (GAC). Ozonation reduced the total or-
ganic carbon (TOC) and total organic halide (TOX)
concentration by 0.3 mg/L and 10 ug/L, respectively.
The average concentration of TOC for the other disin-
fectants was comparable to that associated with the
nondisinfected stream (3.3 mg/L). The average instan-
taneous TOX concentration for chlorine dioxide, chlor-
amine, and chlorine disinfection after 30 minutes con-
tact time increased by 60, 92, and 238 ug/L, respec-
tively, from a nondisinfected concentration of 25 ug/L.
Keywords: "Disinfection, 'Pilot plants, Water treat-
ment, Byproducts, Chlorine, Ozone, Sand filters, Acti-
vated carbon treatment, Stream pollution, Reprints,
Jefferson Parish(Louisiana), Monochloramine, Chlo-
rine dioxide, GAC(Granular Activated Carbon).
PB87-176731/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of Figure-Eight Maze Activity and Gen-
eral Behavioral Development Following Prenatal
Exposure to Forty Chemicals: Effects of Cytoslne
Arablnoslde, Dinocap, Nltrofen, and Vitamin A.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. E. Gray, R. J. Kavlok, J. Ostby, J. Ferrell, and J.
Rogers. C1986, 16pEPA/600/J-86/313
Pub. in NeuroToxicology, v7 n2 p449-462 Jul 86. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Northrop Sen/ices, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC,
The present report describes the effects of prenatal
administration exposure of a large number of com-
pounds on the locomotor activity levels of mice. The
effects of these treatments on the postnatal growth, vi-
ability, morphology and reproductive function from the
first experiment have been reported elsewhere (Gray
and Kavlock, 1984). Some of the chemicals used in
this study are known teratogens in mice, others are
known nonteratogens, while a few are unknowns. The
results of additional studies on nitrofen, Vitamin A and
dinocap are presented because they clearly demon-
strate the utility of postnatal behavioral testing. (Copy-
right (c) 1986 by Intox Press, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Growth abnormalities. Viabili-
ty, Morphology, Reproduction(Biology), Vitamin A
group, Behavior, Mice, Reprints, "Prenatal exposure,
Nitrofen, Oinocap, Cytosine arabinoside.
PB87-176749/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Experimental Ponds for Evaluating Bioassay Pre-
dictions. Journal article,
Kansas Univ., Lawrence.
F. deNoyelles, and W. D. Kettle, c 1985,16p EPA/600/
D-87/100
Pub. in Special Technical Testing Publication 865,
p91-103 1985. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., OR.
Experimental pond studies were used to demonstrate
a means of assessing the accuracy pf laboratory and
in situ bioassays predicting the effects of chemical
stress on phytoplankton. A short-term batch bioassay
using changing carbon uptake in photosynthesis pre-
dicted an immediate (first 24h) effect of the herbicide
atrazine on the phytoplankton communities in experi-
mental ponds. After addition of atrazine to the ponds,
the same decreases in carbon uptake were observed,
but the appearance of resistant species that soon oc-
curred could not be predicted with the short-term ex-
posure used in such a bioassay. From another experi-
mental pond study a longer-term continuous flow bio-
assay using changing species composition predicted
an effect of increased nutrient and altered pH condi-
tions over a 20-day exposure.
Keywords: "Bioassay, "Ponds, "Phytoplankton, Herbi-
cides, Accuracy, Stress(Physiology), Chlorine organic
compounds. Nitrogen heterocyclic compounds, Expo-
sure, Reprints, Atrazine.
PB87-176756/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Age-Related Dose Response of Selected Repro-
ductive Parameters to Acute Cadmium Chloride
Exposure in the Male Long-Evans Rat. Journal arti-
cle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. W. Laskey, G. L. Rehnberg, S. C. Laws, and J. F.
Hein. 1986, 12p EPA/600/ J-86/311
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health,
v19p393-401 1986.
Groups of Long Evans rats 30, 50, or 70 days old were
injected subcutaneously (s.c.) with a single dose of be-
tween 0 and 52 micromoles Cd/Kg as cadmium (CD)
chloride. Sixty days post dosing and two hours prior to
sacrifice the rats were injected s.c. with 100 IU of hCG
to stimulate maximal serum testosterone concentra-
tions. At this time the testes, epididymides and seminal
vesicles were removed and weighed. Cardiac blood
was taken for determination of serum concentrations
of testosterone (sT), follicle stimulating (sFSH) and
leutinizing hormone (sLH). Samples of luminal fluid
were collected from the vas deferens for the determi-
nation of sperm concentration. Regression analyses
demonstrated a significant (p < 0.01) age dependant
dose response in all reproductive parameters with the
older animals more severely affected in the absence of
significant (p < 0.05) body weight decrements. The
most sensitive indicators of Cd exposure in all age
groups were testicular and epididymal weight followed
by vas deferens sperm concentration ana sFSH con-
centration. Seminal vesicle weight and sT and sLH
concentrations were found to be the least sensitive in-
dicators of acute Cd exposure. (Copyright (c) Journal
of Toxicology and Environmental Health, 19:393-401,
1986.)
Keywords: "Reproduction(Biology), 'Toxicology,
"Rats, Dosage, Age, Exposure, Germ cells, Testicular
diseases, Male genital diseases. Reprints, 'Cadmium
chloride.
PB87-176764/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Biotransformation of Priority Pollutants Using
Blofilms and Vascular Plants. Journal article,
National Space Technology Labs., NSTL Station, MS.
B. C. Wolverton, and R. C. McDonald-McCaleb. 1986,
13p EPA/600/J-86/310
Pub. in Jnl. of the Mississippi Academy of Sciences,
v31 p79-89 1986. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
Microbial filters with and without reeds (Phragmites
communis) were used to degrade aromatic and ali-
phatic organics on the EPA priority pollutant list. The
initial concentrations of the organics were in the range
of 400-1000 micrograms/l. The contaminated river
water was treated under batch conditions. The river
water contained sufficient dissolved oxygen to sustain
aerobic conditions. The plant-free microbial filter ef-
fected the removal of 61.99% of the aromatic com-
pounds in 24 hours and 39-81 % of the aliphatics. The
reed/microbial filter system improved the removal
rates to 81 ->99% for the aromatics and 49-93% for
the aliphatics in 24 hours.
Keywords:	'Pollution, 'Tranformations,
Plants(Botany), Filters, Reeds(Plants), Degradation,
Aliphatic compounds, Aromatic compounds, Contami-
nants, Water treatment, Aquatic microbiology, Re-
prints, Water pollution control.
PB87-176772/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Acquisition of Antibodies to Various Coxsackie
and Echo Viruses and Hepatitis A Virus In Agricul-
tural Communal Settlements in Israel. Journal arti-
cle,
Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem (Israel).
A. Morag, M. Margalith, H. I. Shuval, and B. Fattal.
C1984,11 p EPA/600/J-84/396
Grant EPA-R-806416
Pub. in Jnl. of Medical Virology 14, p39-47 Jan 84.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
A seroepidemiological study was conducted to meas-
ure the antibody prevalence for eight different enteric
viruses. These include seven 'classical' enteroviruses,
ie, Coxsackie virus types A9, B1, B3, B4 and three
ECHO virus types 4,7, and 9, as well as hepatitis A
virus (HAV), recently classified as enterovirus 72. Sera
samples were obtained from 791 residents living in 29
agricultural settlements (kibbutzim) with a total popula-
tion of 15,950. The results indicated that the acquisi-
tion of antibodies to Coxsackie and ECHO viruses oc-
curred at a significantly earlier age than to HAV. Preva-
lence of antibodies to Coxsackie and ECHO viruses at
two to four years of age was 40%-69%, in contrast to
4% for HAV. At age 5-17 years, 85% had antibodies to
five or more of the seven 'classical' enteroviruses, as
compared with 10% to HAC. The latter steeply in-
creased to 63% for age group 18-24 years and
reached a peak of 95% for age group 50 years and
older. Prevalence of antibodies to ECHO and Cox-
sackie viruses were often found to be higher in fe-
males than in males, within the age group of 18 years
and older, but not in age groups 18 years and younger.
This suggests that in addition to the well-known fecal-
oral mode of transmission in these agents, other fac-
tors are involved that are responsible for the signifi-
cantly different mode of aquisition of infection and im-
munity to classical enteroviruses and HAV in the com-
munity of the kibbutz. (Copyright (c) 1984 Alan R. Liss,
Inc.)
Keywords: 'Enteroviruses, 'Antibodies, Infectious dis-
eases, Virology, Morbidity, Disease vectors, ECHO vi-
ruses, Coxsackie viruses, Hepatitis viruses, Epidemiol-
ogy, Israel, Reprints.
PB87-176871/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Review of the National Ambient Air Quality Stand-
ards for Particulate Matter: Updated Assessment
of Scientific and Technical Information. Adden-
dum to the 1982 OAQPS (Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards) Staff Paper. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Strategies and Air Standards Div.
Dec 86,99p EPA/450/05-86/012
See also report dated Dec 82, PB84-120401.
The paper evaluates and interprets the updated scien-
tific and technical information that the EPA staff be-
lieves is most relevant to decision making on revised
primary (health) national ambient air quality standards
(NAAQS) for particulate matter and is an addendum to
the 1982 particulate matter staff paper. The assess-
ment is intended to help bridge the gap between the
scientific review contained in the EPA criteria docu-
ment addendum and the judgements required of the
Administrator in making final decisions on revisions to
the primary NAAOS for particulate matter that were
proposed in March 1984 (49 FR 10408). The major
recommendations of this addendum include the fol-
lowing: (1) The staff reaffirms its recommendation to
replace TSP as the particle indicator for the primary
standards with a new indicator that includes only those
particles less than or equal to a nominal 10 um, termed
PM(sub 10); (2) Based on an updated staff assess-
ment of the short-term epidemiological data, the range
of 24-hour PM(sub 10) levels of interest is 140 to 250
ug/cu/m; (3) Based on an updated staff assessment
of the long-term epidemiological data, the range of
annual PMfsub 10) levels' of interest is 40 to 65 ug/cu/
m; (4) When selecting final standard levels, consider-
ation should be given to the combined protection af-
forded by the 24-hour and annual standards taken to-
gether.
Keywords: 'Particles, "Sulfur oxides, 'Air pollution
'Public	health,	Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Ecology, Visibility, Toxi-
cology, Climate, Transport properties, Particle size,
Sources, Respiratory systems, 'Air quality, 'Air pollu-
tion effects(Humans), Path of pollutants, Atmospheric
chemistry, Air pollution effects(Plants), Air pollution
effects(Materials), Acid rain.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-176889/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Low Subchronic Doses of Methoxych-
lor on the Rat Hypothalamic-Pituitary Reproduc-
tive Axis. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. M. Goldman, R. L. Cooper, G. L. Rehnberg, J. F.
Hein, and W. K. McElroy. 1986,11p EPA/600/J-86/
316
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 86,
p474-4B3 1986.
The purpose of this study was to explore the influence
of methoxychlor (MXC) upon the pituitary and hypotha-
lamic components of the male reproductive system at
dose levels that were without detectable testicular ef-
fects. At 21 days, male Long-Evans rats were gavaged
daily with 25 or 50 mg/kg MXC in corn oil. Controls re-
ceived vehicle only. After 8 weeks of dosing, no signifi-
cant changes were seen in serum LH, FSH, or prolac-
tin, nor in the pituitary concentrations of LH or FSH. Pi-
tuitary prolactin was elevated for both doses, and pitui-
tary fragments perifused in vitro released more prolac-
tin than controls. The concentration of gonadotropin-
releasing hormone (GnRH) was higher in the medioba-
sal hypothalamus, but only for the 50 mg/kg group. At
this dose, there was a corresponding increase in the
KCL-stimulated release of GnRH. The data suggest
that previously reported reproductive effects of MXC
may be mediated, at least in part, through an elevation
in prolactin concentration and release, which in turn is
able to influence hypothalamic levels in GnRH.
Keywords: "Reproduction(Biology), Pesticides, Hy-
pothalamus, Gonadotropic hormones, Reproductive
system, Mate genital diseases, Fertility, Rats, Reprints,
"Methoxychlor, Infertility.
PB87-176897/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Liner Materials Exposed to Toxic and Hazardous
Wastes. Journal article,
Matrecon, Inc., Oakland, CA.
H. E. Haxo, R. S. Haxo, N. A. Nelson, P. D. Haxo, and
R. M. White. C1986, 20p EPA/600/J-86/317
Contract EPA-68-03-2173
Pub. in Waste Management and Research, v4 p247-
264 1986. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineer-
ing Research Lab.
This exploratory experimental research project was
conducted (1975-1983) to assess the relative effec-
tiveness and durability of a wide variety of liner materi-
als when exposed to hazardous wastes under condi-
tions that simulate different aspects of service in on-
land waste storage and disposal facilities. The materi-
als studied included compacted soil, polymer-treated
bentonite-sand mixtures, soil cement, hydraulic as-
phalt concrete, sprayed-on asphalt, and 31 flexible
polymeric membranes based on polyvinyl chloride,
chlorinated polyethylene, chlorosulfonated polyethyl-
ene, ethylene propylene rubber, neoprene, butyl
rubber, elasticized polyolefin, and polyester elastomer.
Four semicrystalline polymeric sheetings (polybuty-
lene, low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethyl-
ene, and polypropylene), though not compounded for
use as liners, were included in the study because of
their known chemical-resistance and use in applica-
tions requiring good chemical and aging resistance.
(Copyright (c) 1986 ISWA.)
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Wastes, "Linings,
Materials handling, Waste disposal, Containers, Stor-
age, Permeability, Seepage, Ground water, Polymers,
Admixtures, Asphalts, Reprints, "Toxic substances,
Water pollution abatement.
PB87-176905/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Enhanced Ultraviolet-B Radiation on
Yield, and Disease Incidence and Severity for
Wheat Under Field Conditions. Journal article,
Florida Univ., Gainesville.
R H. Biggs, and P. G. Webb. C1986,12p EPA/600/D-
87/060	„ .
Pub. in NATO Advanced Study Institutes Series, vG8
p303-311 1986. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., OR.
The influence of enhanced UV-B radiation (280-320
nm) on wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. 'Florida 30V)
yield, and disease incidence and severity was investi-
786 Vol. 90, No. 24
gated for two growing seasons under field conditions.
Three levels of UV-B enhancement, simulating 8,12
and 16% stratospheric ozone reduction, were em-
ployed during 1982, and two levels of UV-B radiation
enhancement, simulating 12 and 16% ozone deple-
tion, were used during 1983. At each level of UV-B en-
hancement during 1982, no significant direct effect
upon yield was observed. However, in 1983, there was
an indication that UV-B radiation was interacting with
other parameters because there was a significant bi-
modal response on plant and seed dry weights. During
1983, specific small plots were used to test for leaf rust
severity on a resistant and a susceptible cultivar. Leaf
rust on the resistant cultivar 'Florida 301' decreased
with plant age, but control and UV-treated plants were
not different.
Keywords: "Wheat, "Ultraviolet radiation, "Growth, Ir-
radiation, Ozone, Yield, Plant diseases, Age, Re-
sponse, Damage, Microorganisms, Reprints, "Triticum
aestivum, Wheat plants.
PB87-176913/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Pathogen and Indicator Organism Destruction by
the Dual Digestion System. Journal article,
Montgomery (James M.), Inc., Reston, VA.
A. R. Appleton, C. J. Leong, and A. D. Venosa. c1986,
11p EPA/600/J-86/306
Contract EPA-68-02-1821
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
v58 n10 p992-999 Oct 86. Prepared in cooperation
with Montgomery (James M ), Inc., Pasadena, CA.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The effectiveness of the dual digestion system (DDS)
to destroy pathogenic microorganisms was evaluated
at a full-scale treatment facility. The DDS incorporates
a pure oxygen aerobic digester (1-day detention time)
followed by an anaerobic digester (8-day detention
time). Heat biological oxidation is conserved in the aer-
obic step to achieve thermophilic temperatures. De-
struction of three pathogen indicators (total coliform,
fecal coliform, and fecal streptococci) and a pathogen-
ic bacteria (Salmonella spp.) were measured during
three 10-week sampling periods. Conventional meas-
ures of digester performance were also analyzed. The
performance of DDS in producing a stabilized, patho-
gen-free sludge was compared to accepted pathogen
reduction technologies. (Copyright (c) 1986 by Journal
WPCF.)
Keywords: Sludge, Digestion(Decomposition), Micro-
organisms, Aeorbic processes, Anaerobic processes,
Sewage treatment, Water pollution, Sludge disposal,
Activated sludge process. Reprints, "DDSfDual Diges-
tion System), "Sludge digestion, "Sludge treatment.
PB87-176970/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Development of a Rationally Based Design Proto-
col for the Ultraviolet Light Disinfection Process.
Journal article,
HydroQual, Inc., Mahwah, NJ.
O. K. Scheible. C1987,10p EPA/600/J-87/005
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Pollution Control Federation, v59
n1 p25-31 Jan 87. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
A protocol is demonstrated for the design and evalua-
tion of ultraviolet (UV) disinfection systems based on a
mathematical model. The disinfection model incorpo-
rates the system's physical dimensions, the residence
time distribution of the reactor and dispersion charac-
teristics, the UV intensity within the reactor, and the
quality of the wastewater being treated. The data re-
quirements for calibration of the model are discussed.
An example is then given, using information from a
pilot study at the Port Richmond Water Pollution Con-
trol Plant, New York, New York, Reactor hydraulics are
characterized in terms of the dispersion coefficient and
the dispersion number. Intensity is computed by the
point source summation method; this is adjusted by at-
tenuation factors to account for surface fouling of the
UV lamp enclosures and the aging of the lamps. Water
quality is related to the UV absorbance coefficient, the
initial bacterial density, and the suspended solids (SS).
The bacteria inactivation rate is related to the intensity
of the reactor, while bacteria occluded by particulate
matter and unaffected by UV, are described as a func-
tion of the SS concentration. (Copyright (c) J. Water
Pollution Control Federation, 59(1):25-31, January
1987.)
Keywords: "Disinfection, "Ultraviolet radiation, Design
criteria. Mathematical models. Waste water, Water
treatment, Bacteria, Ultraviolet lamps, Reprints.
PB87-176988/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Feeding by 'Yoldia limatula' on Bioturba-
tion. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
K. Bender, and W. R. Davis. C1984,16p ERLN-749
EPA/600/J-84/395
Pub. in Ophelia, v23 n1 p91-100 Jun 84. Prepared in
cooperation with Miljoestyrelsen, Copenhagen (Den-
mark).
Yoldia limatulais dominant bivalve in shallow soft bot-
toms of boreal arctic seas of North America and
Europe. This species is a subsurface and surface de-
posit-feeder. Yoldia's feeding activities result in sedi-
ment resuspension through expulsion of loose pseu-
dofaeces directly into the water column. Expelled
solids ranging between 10-200 times its body weight
daily contain the finer fraction of sediment as pseudo-
faeces and elongate faeces. Thus feeding results in a
fine sediment suspension, a pelletized sediment inter-
face (unstable) and a coarse-grained subsurface. The
amount of sediment resuspended was proportional to
body size for Yoldia up to 18 mm. Larger animals still
expelled greater quantities of sediment per expulsion,
however, the frequency of expulsions decreased. The
quantity of resuspended sediment was also positively
correlated with water temperature above the feedina
threshold of 6-8C.
Keywords: "Feeding(Supplying), "Clams, "Arctic
Ocean, Sediments, Water temperature, Suspended
sediments, Solids, Reprints, "Yoldia limatula, Bioturba-
tion, Deposit feeders.
PB87-177077/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Fluxes of Gases and Particles above a Deciduous
Forest in Wintertime. Journal article,
Argonne National Lab., IL. Environmental Research
Div.
M. L. Wesely, D. R. Cook, and R. L. Hart. c1983,21 p
EPA/600/J-83/361
Pub. in Boundary-Layer Meteorology, v27 p237-255
Nov 83. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric
Sciences Research Lab.
Eddy-correlation measurements of the vertical fluxes
of ozone, carbon dioxide, fine particles with diameter
near 0.1 micrometers, and particulate sulfur, as well as
of momentum, heat and water vapor, have been taken
above a tall leafless deciduous forest in wintertime.
During the experimental period of one week, ozone
deposition velocities vary from about 0.1 cm s(-1) at
night to more than 0.4 cm s(-1) during the daytime, with
the largest variations associated primarily with
changes in solar irradiation. Carbon dioxide fluxes are
directed upward, due to respiration in the leaf litter and
soil beneath the canopy, and exhibit a strong depend-
ence on air temperature. The fluxes are approximately
zero at air temperatures less than 5 C and approach
0.8 mg m(-2) s(-1) when temperatures exceed 15 C
during the daytime. Fine-particle deposition rates are
large at times, with deposition velocities near 0.8 cm
s(-1) when turbulence levels are high, but fluxes direct-
ed upward are measured above the canopy when the
surface beneath is covered with snow. Deposition ve-
locities for particulate sulfur are highly variable and av-
erage to a value small in magnitude as compared to
similar measurements taken previously over a pine
forest in summer. (Copyright (c) 1983 by D. Reidel
Publishing Company.)
Keywords: *Flux(Rate), "Gases, "Particle flux, Ozone
Carbon dioxide, Sulfur, Forest trees, Hardwoods, Depl
osition, Velocity measurement, Eddies, Winter, Re.
prints.
PB87-177085/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Comparison of Audit Techniques and Perform-
ance Audit Results for EPA Method 25 for Volatile
Organic Compounds,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. K. M. Jayanty, G. B. Howe, D. J. von Lehmden, R. G.
Fuerst, and T. J. Logan. Apr 87,15p EPA/600/D-87/
109
Contract EPA-68-02-4125
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Organic audit materials have been developed by U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency to evaluate quality
of measurements made by federal, state, and local
agencies or their contractors during compliance
source tests. Among audit materials are materials for
auditing EPA Method 25, a method for measuring
source emissions of volatile organic compounds. Two
types of audit materials for Method 25 have been de-
veloped and validated by inter- and intra-laboratory
studies. The first type makes use of commercially
available gas cylinders containing known concentra-
tions of selected volatile organics in an inert balance
gas. The second type involves use of a stainless steel
cartridge containing a solid sorbent (Tenax) spiked
with known quantities of selected organic compounds
to generate organic vapors quantitatively using ther-
mal desorption. Results indicate both types of audit
materials are stable and useful in conducting EPA
Method 25 audits.
Keywords: "Auditing, "Organic compounds. Volatility,
Emission, Performance evalution, Sources, Rare
gases, Gas cylinders, Sorbents, Air pollution, *EPA
Method 25, Standards compliance, Volatile organic
compounds, Air pollution detection.
PB87-177093/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Monitoring for Indicator Bacteria In Small Water
Systems,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
E. E. Geldreich, E. W. Rice, and E.J. Read. 1987,15p
EPA/600/D-87/110
Presented at the International Conference on Re-
source Mobilization for Drinking Water Supply and
Sanitation in Developing Nations. San Juan, PR, May
26-29, 1987. Prepared in cooperation with Computer
Sciences Corp., Cincinnati, OH.
Development of a practical microbiological monitoring
program for small water systems is urgently needed at
the local level for prompt detection of contamination
followed by appropriate remedial actions. Three oper-
ational measurements are within the capability of the
water plant operator: chlorine residual, turbidity, and a
basic test for coliform occurrences using a presence or
absence (P-A) concept. Evaluation of the P-A test in
three different geographical areas demonstrated the
procedure to outperform both the membrane filter and
fermentation tube (MPN) tests for coliform detection.
The use of a P-A test approach is recommended for
small water system personnel because of its simplicity
and adaptability to minimal resources available to the
public system sector in rural and remote regions world-
wide. Further adaptation of the test can be made to ini-
tiate field inoculation of the sample to be sent to a cen-
tral laboratory for final processing and data gathering
on water quality nationwide.
Keywords: 'Water supply, "Water quality, 'Monitors,
"Bacteria, Indicator species, Contamination, Water
pollution, Chlorine, Turbidity, Coliform bacteria.
PB87-177101/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
In situ Biorestoratlon as a Ground Water Remedi-
ation Technique. Journal article,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
J T Wilson, L. E. Leach, M. Henson, and J. N. Jones.
1986,11 p EPA/600/J-86/305
Pub. in Ground Water Monitoring Review, p56-64 Fall
1986.
In situ biorestoration, where applicable, is indicated as
a potentially very cost-effective and environmentally
acceptable remediation technology. Many contami-
nants in solution in ground water as well as vapors in
the unsaturated zone can be completely degraded or
transformed into new compounds by naturally occur-
ring indigenous microbial populations. The key to suc-
cessful remediation is a thorough understanding of the
hydrogeologic and geochemical characteristics of the
contaminated area. The need today is for methodology
to determine when natural biorestoration is occurring,
the stage the restoration process is in, whether en-
hancement of the process is possible or desirable, and
what will happen if natural processes are allowed to
run their course.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Water quality, Microbiolo-
gy, Improvement, Contaminants, Degradation, Trans-
formations, Water treatment. Reprints, "Biological re-
covery.
PB87-177119/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Develop-
ing Methods to Assess Environmental Release.
Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Re-
search.
M. A. Levin, R. Seidler, A. W. Borquin, J. R. Fowle, and
T. Barkay. 1987, 7p EPA/600/J-87/007
Pub. in Bio/Technology, v5 p38-45 Jan 87.
The EPA has invested considerable research effort-
intended to meet regulatory needs-toward developing
methods for assessing the environmental effects of
genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs). Pre-
liminary investigations centered on the fate, survival,
accidental release, and potential effects of engineered
microbes, as well as the efficacy of biological contain-
ment of GEMs in sewage. EPA also identified specific
Agency capabilities and research needs relative to the
regulation of biotechnology products. The results of
these surveys were used to develop a research plan.
The article describes the surveys, the research plan,
and progress to date.
Keywords: "Biological agents, "Risk, Microorganisms,
Microorganism control(Sewage), Assessments, Regu-
lations, Environmental surveys, Reprints, "Risk as-
sessment, "Biotechnology, GEM(Ger>etically Engi-
neered Microorganisms), Genetic engineering, Envi-
ronmental health.
PB87-177127/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Design Considerations for GAC (Granular Activat-
ed Carbon) Treatment of Organic Chemicals. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
J. C. Crittenden, D. W. Hand, H. Arora, and B. W.
Lykins. C1987,12p EPA/600/J-87/001
Pub. in Jnl. of American Water Works Association, v79
n1 p74-82 Jan 87. Prepared in cooperation with Michi-
gan Technological Univ., Houghton.
Procedures with which to determine preliminary fixed-
bed adsorber design calculations for single solutes are
described. Correlations are proposed and verified to
determine single-solute isotherm and mass transfer
parameters. These correlations are used in combina-
tion with a simplified version of a mass transfer model
to calculate mass transfer zone lengths and the maxi-
mum amount of water that may be treated. The calcu-
lated results can then be used to select the optimum
fixed-bed adsorber operation. Comparisons of this
simplified procedure with actual pilot-plant and full-
scale data are presented to demonstrate its validity.
(Copyright (c) J. American Water Works Association,
79(1 ):74-82, January 1987.)
Keywords: "Activated carbon treatment, "Water treat-
ment, "Organic compounds, Beds(Process engineer-
ing), Adsorption. Solutes, Isotherms, Mass transfer.
Reprints, *GAC(Granular Activated Carbon).
PB87-177135/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Modeling TOC (Total Organic Carbon) Removal by
GAC (Granular Activated Carbon): The General
Logistic Function. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. M. Clark. 1987,8p EPA/600/J-87/002
Pub. in Jnl. American Waterworks Association, v79 n1
p33-37 Jan 87.
Various models have been proposed to predict the
performance of granular activated carbon (GAC) for
single and bisolute systems, including the use of a bed
depth service model for interpreting data for operation
of adsorption beds to remove total organic carbon
(TOC). This model is essentially the simple or symmet-
rical logistic function. The generalized logistic function
is applied to TOC removal and data from GAC, incor-
porating the inverse of the Freundlich isotherm slope.
Thus, the model is useful when the breakthrough curve
is nonsymmetrical.
Keywords: "Activated carbon treatment, "Water treat-
ment, Mathematical models, Beds(Process engineer-
ing), Adsorption, Functions(Mathematics), Predictions,
Reprints, *GAC(Granular Activated Carbon),
*TOC(Total Organic Carbon).
PB87-177218/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Broad Scan Analysis of Human Adipose Tissue.
Volume 1. Executive Summary. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
J. S. Stanley. Dec 86, 42p* EPA/560/5-86/035
Contracts EPA-68-02-3938, EPA-68-02-4252
See also Volume 2, PB87-177226. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office
of Toxic Substances.
The National Human Adipose Tissue Survey (NHATS)
provides the U.S. EPA with a unique capability for mon-
itoring human exposure to potentially toxic substances
that persist in the environment. NHATS is an annual
program to collect and chemically analyze adipose tis-
sues from a cross-section of the general U.S. popula-
tion. Historically, the analysis of the tissues has fo-
cused on PCBs and organochlorine pesticides. EPA's
Office of Toxic Substances (OTS) has developed an
aggressive approach to provide a comprehensive as-
sessment of potentially toxic substances in human adi-
pose tissue. A broad scan analysis concept was intro-
duced beginning with specimens collected in fiscal
year 1982. The tissues were analyzed as composites
based on the nine U.S. Census divisions and three age
groups. The composites were analyzed for volatile and
semivolatile organics at the parts per billion level and
PCDD and PCDF at the parts per trillion level. Several
tissue samples were analyzed by individually coupled
plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and
neutron activation analyses (NAA). The report pro-
vides a synopsis of each of these analytical efforts.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Humans, Expo-
sure, Inspection, Concentration(Composition), Bioas-
says, Chemical analysis, "Toxic substances, "Adipose
tissues, "Volatile organic compounds, "Polychlorinat-
ed dibenzodioxins, "Polychlorinated dibenzo furans.
PB87-177226/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Broad Scan Analysis of Human Adipose Tissue.
Volume 2. Volatile Organic Compounds. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
J. S. Stanley. Dec 86,191p* EPA/560/5-86/036
Contracts EPA-68-02-3938, EPA-68-02-4252
See also Volume 1, PB87-177218 and Volume 4,
PB87-177234. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC, Office of Toxic Sub-
stances.
The U.S. EPA's Office of Toxic Substances (OTS)
maintains a unique capability for monitoring human ex-
posure to potentially toxic substances through the Na-
tional Human Adipose Tissue Survey (NHATS). The
primary focus for NHATS has been to document
trends in human exposure to environmentally persist-
ent contaminants, specifically organochlorine pesti-
cides and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs). EPA/OTS
has recognized a need to expand the use of the
NHATs program to provide a more comprehensive as-
sessment of toxic substances that are accumulated in
adipose tissue. The report deals specifically with the
measurement of volatile organic chemicals in compo-
sited adipose tissue specimens from the FY82 NHATS
repository. Quantitative data are reported for 17 spe-
cific volatile compounds that are classified as aromat-
ic, chlorinated aromatic, or halogenated aliphatic. The
frequency of detection of each compound based on
age group (0-14, 15-44, 45 plus years) are detailed in
the report. The analytical procedures and QA/QC ef-
forts are also described.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Humans, Expo-
sure, Inspection, Concentration(Composition), Tis-
sues, Chemical analysis, Bioassays, Quality control,
Quality assurance, Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts),
"Volatile organic compounds, "Adipose tissue, "Toxic
substances, National Human Adipose Tissue Survey,
Bioaccumulation, "Clinical techniques.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-177234/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Broad Scan Analysis of Human Adipose Tissue.
Volume 4. Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins
(PCDDs) and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans
(PCDFs). Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
J. S. Stanley. Dec 86,68p* EPA/560/5-86/038
Contracts EPA-68-02-3938, EPA-68-02-4252
See also Volume 2, PB87-177226. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office
of Toxic Substances.
The U.S. EPA's Office of Toxic Substances (OTS)
maintains a unique capability for monitoring human ex-
posure to potential toxic substances through the Na-
tional Human Adipose Tissue Survey (NHATS). The
primary focus for NHATS has been to document
trends in human exposure to environmentally persist-
ent contaminants, specifically, organochlorine pesti-
cides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The
report deals specifically with the measurement of poly-
chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlori-
nated dibenzofurans (PCDF) in composited adipose
tissue samples from the FY82 NHATS repository. The
results of the study demonstrate that the EPA NHATS
program is an effective vehicle for documenting the ex-
posure of the general U.S. population to PCDDs and
PCDFs. The analysis of the 46 composite samples pre-
pared from the fiscal year 1982 NHATS repository es-
tablishes the prevalence of the 2,37,8- substituted
tetra- through octachloro-PCDD and PCDF congeners
in the U.S. population. The PCDD and PCDF levels are
comparable to data presented from other studies that
focus on samples collected in upstate New York,
Canada, and Sweden.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, "Humans, Chemi-
cal analysis, Concentration(Composition),
Tables(Data), 'Toxic substances, 'Polychlorinated di-
benzodioxins, "Polychlorinated dibenzofurans, 'Adi-
pose tissue, 'Clinical techniques.
PB87-177325/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Design
Information Report: Sidestreams In Wastewater
Treatment Plants. Journal article.
Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Wakefield, MA
C1987, 8p EPA/600/J-87/004
Contract EPA-68-03-3208
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Pollution Control Federation, v59
n1 p54-59 Jan 87. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
Performance problems at publicly-owned treatment
works are often attributed to the recycling of sides-
treams generated in the wastewater treatment and
sludge handling systems. Although the volumes of
these sidestreams are generally small compared to
plant influent flows, sidestreams can contain signifi-
cant concentrations of organic and inorganic materi-
als, either in solution or suspended solids form. These
recycle loads can be considerably stronger and have
characteristics different from the plant influent. Recy-
cle of these sidestreams within the treatment plant
without regard to their effects can cause process
upsets, violation of discharge limits, release of odors,
and increased operation and maintenance costs. The
impacts of recycles can be reduced if sidestreams are
adequately defined and accomodated in treatment
plant design and operation. This report addresses han-
dling of recycle flows and loads, sources and charac-
teristics of sidestreams, potential adverse impacts of
sidestreams on plant performance, design and oper-
ation procedures that can reduce sidestream impacts,
and use of a mass balance to assess sidestream im-
pacts. (Copyright (c) J. Water Pollution Control Federa-
tion, 59(1):54-59, January 1987.)
Keywords: 'Waste water, 'Waste treatment, 'Sludge,
Circulation, Water influx. Plant engineering, Operating
costs, Design criteria, Reprints, 'Sidestreams, Recy-
cling.
PB87-177333/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Testicular Toxicity and Infertility in Male Rats
Treated with 1,3-Dinitrobenzene. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. E. Under, R. A. Hess, and L. F. Strader. c1986,15p
EPA/600/J-86/314
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health
19. p477-489 1986. Prepared in cooperation with Nor-
throp Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged 5
d/wk with 1,3 dinitrobenzene (m-DNB) at dosages of
0, 0.75, 1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 mg/kg/d. Males were bred to
untreated females during treatment week 11 and were
killed during treatment week 13. Although males
dosed with 3 mg/kg/d inseminated the females and
evidence of mating was observed in males dosed with
6 mg/kg/d, none of the males in these groups sired lit-
ters. Diminished sperm production (reduced testicular
sperm head counts), decreased cauda epididymal
sperm reserves, nonmotile spermatozoa, atypical
sperm morphology, decreased weights of the testes
and epididymides, seminiferous tubular atrophy, and
incomplete spermatogenesis were also observed in
these groups. Sperm production was also decreased
in males dosed with 1.5 mg/kg/d. The data indicate
that m-DNB is a potent testicular toxicant in the male
rat, capable of producing extensive damage to repro-
ductive tissues and reproductive failure. Limited data
on four rats that received 6 mg/kg/d and were allowed
a 5-month post-treatment recovery period suggested
that the testicular effects are at least partially reversi-
ble. (Copyright (c) Journal of Toxicology and Environ-
mental Health, 19:477-489, 1986.)
Keywords: 'Testicular diseases, 'Fertility, 'Rats, Tox-
icity, Male genital diseases, Germ cells,
Reproduction(Biology), Aromatic compounds, Re-
prints, *DNT, Infertility/male.
narrows by a plastic curtain. One basin is being acidi-
fied by the addition of H2504. Every two years the pH
of the acidified basin is being reduced by 0.5 pH units.
Examination of fish from basin at each pH interval is
now being or will be conducted.
Keywords: "Fishes, 'Acid resistance tests
Stress(Physiology), Acidification, Histology, Closures'
Hyperplasia, Oemosis, Survival, Wisconsin, Little Rock
Lake, Yellow perch, Perca flavescens. Rock bass,
Ambloplites rupestris, Black crappie, Pomoxis nigro-
maculatus, Largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides.
PB87-177366/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Uptake and Depuration Studies of PCDDs and
PCDFs in Freshwater Fish. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
0. W. Kuehl, P. M. Cook, and A. R. Batterman. 1986
6p EPA/600/J-86/318
Pub. in Chemosphere, v15 n9-12 p2023-2026 Mar 86.
The bioavailability of PCDD/PCDFs from municipal in-
cinerator fly ash and sediment to freshwater fish has
been studied. A preference to selectively bioaccumu-
late PCDD/PCDF isomers substituted in the 2,3,7, and
8 positions was observed. The depuration half life of
2,3,7,8-TCDD from carp was found to be 300-325
days. The rate of depuration of PCDD/PCDFs de-
creased with increasing degree of chlorination.
Keywords: 'Fresh water fishes, Fly ash, Sediments,
Water pollution, Ecology, Reprints, 'Uptake, 'Depura-
tion, Bioaccumulation, Biological availability, Environ-
mental effects.
PB87-177341/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Experimental Study of Sulfur and NOx Fluxes
Over Grassland. Journal article,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Oak Ridge, TN.
B. B. Hicks, M. L. Wesely, R. L. Coulter, R. L. Hart, and
J. L. Durham. C1986, 21 p EPA/600/J-86/307
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
On theoretical grounds it is expected that particulate
sulfate will deposit more slowly than S02. While micro-
meteorological measurements of the deposition veloc-
ity of S02 are relatively common, similar simultaneous
measurements for sulfate have not been reported. To
measure their relative deposition velocities, as well as
that of NOx, a field study was conducted over un-
grazed grass in central Ohio in September 1979. Day-
time deposition velocities for S02 were typically 0.8
cm/sec, while for sulfate typical daytime values were
0.4 cm/sec, which is noticably higher than commonly
assumed values. (Copyright (c) 1986 by D. Reidel Pub-
lishing Company.)
Keywords: 'Sulfur, 'Nitrogen dioxide, 'Grassland,
Sulfur dioxide, Wheat, Detectors, Grasses, Boundary
layer, Sites, Turbulent diffusion, Wind direction,
Boundary layer, Reprints, Particulates.
PB87-177358/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Fish Blood Osmolality, Gill Histology and Oocyte
Atresia as Early Warning Acid Stress Indicators,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. H. McCormick, K. M. Jensen, R. L. Leino, and G. N.
Stokes. Mar 87,15p EPA/600/D-87/092
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Univ.-Superi-
or. Center for Lake Superior Environmental Studies,
and Minnesota Univ.-Duluth.
Juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens), rock bass
(Ambloplites rupestris), black crappie (Pomoxis nigro-
maculatus), and largemouth bass (Micropterus sal-
moides) exposed to acidified soft water ranging from
pH 7.0 to 4.5, maintained blood osmotic homeostasis
for up to 30 days. At pH 4.0, blood osmotic homeosta-
sis was lost and all but the yellow perch died within 30
days. Blood osmolality decreased from a normal value
of 280-320 mmol/kg to < or = 200 a few days before
death. Yellow perch exposed to pH 4.1 were emaciat-
ed and near death within 56 days. Gill hyperplasma
and chloride cell proliferation were observed in these
species at pH 4.5 and 4.0. Field testing of these pa-
rameters as early warning indicators of acid stress is in
progress at Little Rock Lake in northern Wisconsin.
Little Rock Lake is a two-basin lake separated at the
PB87-177374/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Estimate of the Variability in Biotransformation
Kinetics of Xenoblotics In Natural Waters by Auf-
wuchs Communities. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
H. P. Kollig, R. S. Parrish, and H. W. Holm. C1987,14o
EPA/600/J-87/003	^
Pub. in Chemosphere, v16 n1 p49-60 1987. Prepared
in cooperation with Computer Sciences Corp., Athens,
GA.
An experiment was conducted to investigate the varia-
bility in biotransformation kinetics of xenobiotics irt nat-
ural waters by aufwuchs communities. Two chemicals
were used, 2,4-di-chlorophenoxyacetic acid butox-
yethyl ester (2,4-DBE) and para-cresol. Teflon strips
were colonized at two sites each in two ponds and two
rivers. The colonized strips and the natural waterfe
were transported to the laboratory where the biptrafis-
formation rate studies were done in duplicate under
controlled conditions. Analysis of variance at the 0.10
level of significance revealed a significant difference in
biotransformation rate coefficients between ponds and
between sites within one pond for both xenobiotics
and between rivers for para-cresol only. No significant
difference was found between sites within rivers for
either xenobiotic, nor was any significant difference
found between rivers for 2,4-DBE. In this study, differ-
ences in biotransformation rates were less variable
and more detectable in quiescent waters than in factor
flowing waters. (Copyright (c) Pergamon Journals Ltd
1987)
Keywords: 'Kinetics, 'Variability, Ponds, Rivers
Aquatic biology, Analysis of variance, Biodeterioration'
Reprints, 'Xenobiotics, 'Biotransformation, *AufI
wuchs.
PB87-177507/HSU	PC A08/MF AQV
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vnnni»
NV.
Single Laboratory Validation of EPA (Envlronmaiw
tal Protection Agency) Method 8140,
S-Cubed, La Jolla, CA.
V. Taylor, D. M. Hickey, and P. J. Marsden. Mar 87
158p* SSS-R-87-8266, EPA/600/4-87/009
Contract EPA-68-03-1958
See also report dated Feb 85, PB85-165827. Spon-
sored by Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab Las
Vegas, NV.	"
Method 8140 Organophosphorous Pesticides Param-
eters, of SW-846 was validated for use In the determf
nation of 27 analytes In a single laboratory study. Th«
method oan be used for the analysis of 26 organs,
phosphorous parameters in water, soil, and hazanSotm
waste; the method is not suitable for monocrotophjjg
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
because it showed poor recovery from soil and water.
The performance of several GC columns, both packed
and capillary, was established for the analysis of or-
ganophosphates. The use of megabore capillary GC
columns over the use of packed columns specified in
the current method is recommended for multiresidue
organophosphorous analysis. Two phosphorus specif-
ic detectors, the flame photometric (FPD) and nitrogen
phosphorus (NPD), were compared in terms of lineari-
ty, specificity, and sensitivity. Sample preparation and
analysis techniques for organophosphates in aqueous
and solid matrices were tested for ruggedness in order
to identify critical method parameters. A proposed
modification of Method 8140 is included together with
accuracy and precision data for the determination of
26 method analytes in soil and water samples. Limited
recovery data is also provided for additional organo-
phosphorous compounds amenable to the method.
Keywords: "Chromatographic analysis, "Environmen-
tal surveys, "Pesticides, Chemical analysis, Quality as-
surance, Graphs(Charts), Precision, Accuracy,
Concentration(Composition), Ground water, Water
analysis. Revisions, "EPA method 8140, "Water pollu-
tion detection, Organophosphorous pesticides, Solid
wastes, Liquid wastes.
PB87-177515/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Reburnfng Application to Firetube Package Boil-
ers. Final rept. May 83-Sep 85,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA.
J. A. Mulholland, E. E. Stephenson, C. Pendergraph,
and J. V. Ryan. Mar 87,442p* EPA/600/7-87/011
Contract EPA-68-02-3648
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of pilot-scale experimental re-
search that examined the physical and chemical phe-
nomena associated with the NOx control technology
of reburning applied to gas- and liquid-fired firetube
package boilers. Reburning (staged fuel combustion)
diverts some of the fuel and combustion air from the
main burner(s) for injection into the post-flame gases,
resulting in three distinct zones in the boiler radiant
section: a fuel-lean primary zone, a fuel-rich reburning
zone, and a fuel-lean burnout zone. NOx is reduced
both by reduction of NOx formation and by destruction
of primary flame NOx by secondary fuel radicals. The
research showed that, with minimal facility modifica-
tion, NOx emissions from a firetube package boiler can
be reduced by 50% or more from an initial level of 200
ppm (measured dry, at zero % 02). Several hypoth-
eses were evaluated in the study. Results indicate that
the overall NOx reduction via reburning has a reaction
rate order of about 1.5 with respect to primary NOx.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Boilers, "Nitrogen
oxides, Combustion, Concentration(Composition),
Pilot plants, Natural gas, Graphs(Charts),
Tables(Data), "Stationary sources.
PB87-177523/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Environmental Assessment of a Wood-Waste-
Fired Industrial Watertube Boiler. Volume 1. Tech-
nical Results. Final rept. Mar 81-Mar 84,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Environmental Sys-
tems Div.
C. Castaldini, and L. R. Waterland. Mar 87.112p* TR-
82-98/EE-VOL-1, EPA/600/7-87/012A
Contract EPA-68-02-3188
See Volume 2, PB87-177531. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The two-volume report gives results from field tests of
a wood-waste-fired industrial watertube boiler. Two
series of tests were performed: one firing dry (11%
moisture) wood waste, and the other firing green (34%
moisture) wood waste. Emission measurements in-
cluded: continuous monitoring of flue gas emissions;
source assessment sampling system (SASS) sampling
of the flue gas with subsequent laboratory analysis of
samples to give total flue gas organics in two boiling
point ranges, compound category information within
these ranges, specific quantitation of the semi-volatile
organic priority pollutants, and flue gas concentrations
of 73 trace elements: Method 5 sampling for particu-
late; controlled condensation system sampling for
S02 and S03; and grab sampling of boiler mechanical
collector hopper ash for inorganic composition deter-
minations. Total organic emissions decreased from
60-135 mg/dscm firing dry wood to 2-65 mg/dscm
firing green wood, in parallel with corresponding boiler
CO emissions.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Wood wastes, In-
dustrial wastes, Boilers, Sulfur oxides, Flue gases,
Carbon monoxide, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons,
Nitrogen oxides, "Environmental assessment, "Water
tube boilers, Air sampling, Stationary sources.
PB87-177531/HSU	PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Environmental Assessment of a Wood-Waste-
Fired Industrial Watertube Boiler. Volume 2. Data
Supplement. Final rept. Mar 81-Mar 84,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Environmental Sys-
tems Div.
C. Castaldini, and L. R. Waterland. Mar 87,492p* TR-
82-98/EE-VOL-2, EPA/600/7-87/012B
Contract EPA-68-02-3188
See also Volume 1, PB87-177523. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The two-volume report gives results from field tests of
a wood-waste-fired industrial watertube boiler. Two
series of tests were performed: one firing dry (11%
moisture) wood waste, and the other firing green (34%
moisture) wood waste. Emission measurements in-
cluded: continuous monitoring of flue gas emissions;
source assessment sampling system (SASS) sampling
of the flue gas with subsequent laboratory analysis of
samples to give total flue gas organics in two boiling
point ranges, compound category information within
these ranges, specific quantitation of the semi-volatile
organic priority pollutants, and flue gas concentrations
of 73 trace elements; Method 5 sampling for particu-
late; controlled condensation system sampling for
S02 and S03; and grab sampling of boiler mechanical
collector hopper ash for inorganic and organic compo-
sition determinations. Total organic emissions de-
creased from 60-135 mg/dscm firing dry wood to 2-65
mg/dscm firing green wood, in parallel with corre-
sponding boiler CO emissions.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Wood wastes, In-
dustrial wastes. Boilers, Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen oxides,
Flue gases, Carbon monoxide, Aromatic polycyclic hy-
drocarbons, Concentration(Composition), "Environ-
mental assessment, "Water tube boilers, Air sampling,
Pollution control, Stationary sources.
PB87-178307/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act)
Permit Quality Protocol. Final rept.,
Kearney (A.T.), Inc., Chicago, IL.
L. J. Bagus. Aug 86,193p*
Contract EPA-68-01-7038
See also PB87-178315. Errata sheet inserted. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The document provides a format for evaluating the
quality of RCRA permits issued by States or EPA Re-
gions. It is intended for use by technical or non-techni-
cal personnel and is designed to assist in detecting
omissions and inadequate permit conditions. Effective
use of the protocol requires a working knowledge of
the RCRA regulations and Agency policy and guid-
ance, along with some familiarity with the format and
content of RCRA permits. The protocol does not con-
sider the direct evaluation of technical adequacy, but
rather identifes the technical items that must be ad-
dressed by the condition and those documents, analy-
ses, etc., that support the condition and must be in the
administrative record. This is intended to help the re-
viewer ascertain whether the condition was properly
derived and whether the process followed was proper-
ly documented in the record.
Keywords: 'Closures, "Waste disposal, State govern-
ment, Federal government, Regulations, Licenses,
Guidance, 'Waste management, Tost closures, "Re-
source Conservation Recovery Act, "Protocols.
PB87-178315/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Protocol for Evaluating Interim Status Closure/
Post-Closure Plans. Final rept.,
Kearney (A.T.), Inc., Chicago, IL.
L. J. Bagus. Aug 86,90p*
Contract EPA-68-01-7038
See also PB87-178307. Errata sheet inserted. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The protocol provides a format for evaluating the qual-
ity of interim status closure and post-closure plans ap-
proved by States or EPA Regions for implementation
by owners/operators. It is intended for use by techni-
cal or non-technical personnel and is designed to
assist in detecting omissions and inadequate plan pro-
visions. Effective use of the protocol requires a work-
ing knowledge of the RCRA regulations and Agency
policy and guidance, along with some familiarity of
RCRA closure and post-closure plans. The protocol
does not consider the direct evaluation of technical
adequacy, but rather identifies the technical items that
must be addressed by the closure plan. It also identi-
fies those supporting documents, analyses, etc., that
must be in the administrative record. This is intended
to help the reviewer ascertain whether the plan was
properly derived and whether the process followed
was properly documented in the record.
Keywords: "Closures, "Waste disposal, Federal gov-
ernment, State government, Regulations, Earth fills,
Guidance, "Waste management, "Post closures, Pro-
tocols, Resource Conservation Recovery Act.
PB87-178323/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Characterization of Municipal Solid Waste in the
United States 1960-2000. Rept. for 1960-84,
PRC Engineering, Inc., Chicago, IL.
M. Franklin. 25 Jul 86, 72p* REPT-15-3490-00
Contract EPA-68-01-7073
Prepared in cooperation with Franklin Associates Ltd.,
Prairie Village, KS. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid
Waste.
The report presents a summary of estimates of histori-
cal MSW quantities and composition from 1960-1984,
with projections to the year 2000. In addition to charac-
terization of MSW, which is defined as residential,
commercial and institutional wastes, the report in-
cludes information on other wastes that are land-filled,
and a discussion of the factors that influence MSW
generation.
Keywords: "Forecasting, Trends, Materials recovery,
Waste disposal, "Municipal solid wastes, Municipal
wastes, Solid wastes.
PB87-178331/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
List of Municipal Waste Landfills.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Dec 86,190p*
See also PB87-108080.
The report contains lists that were reported from State
records and supplied to EPA by the Solid Waste Man-
agement officials from the individual States and territo-
ries in OSW's Census of State Subtitle D Programs,
conducted in the fall of 1985. The intention of this list is
to provide one source for municipal waste landfills in
the United States.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Earth fills,
"StatesjUnited States), Surveys, Census, Sources,
Monitoring, Regulations, Tables(Data), Listings, Non-
hazardous waste programs, Land application.
PB87-178349/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Test Method Equivalency Petitions: A Guidance
Manual,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
F. M. Richardson. Feb 87,117p* EPA/530/SW-87/
008
The manual provides guidance to parties who wish to
submit a test method petition. It explains in detail, the
information a test method equivalency must include.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
By following the guidance in the manual, a petitioner
should be able to develop a petition that satisfies the
regulations and that EPA can review expeditiously.
Keywords: Guidance, Manuals, Sampling, Quality as-
surance, Chemical analysis, "Test method equivalen-
cy.
PB87-178653/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Measurements and Parameterization of Particu-
late Sulfur Dry Deposition Over Grass. Journal arti-
cle,
Argonne National Lab., IL.
M. L. Wesely, D. R. Cook, R. L. Hart, and R. E. Speer.
C1985, 16p EPA/600/J-85/482
Pub. in Jnl. of Geophysical Research, v90 nD1 p2131-
2143, 20 Feb 85. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospher-
ic Sciences Research Lab.
Eddy-correlation measurements of particulate sulfur
fluxes at the 1981 and 1982 Dry Deposition Intercom-
parison Experiments indicate a strong diurnal variation
in deposition velocity (downward flux divided by con-
centration) at a height near 6 m. Values are consider-
ably greater than suggested from wind-tunnel and the-
oretical investigations, but are similar to past results
obtained by use of the same techniques over lush
vegetation. Relatively small deposition velocities are
found in neutral and stable atmospheric conditions or
over surfaces that lack complex fine structure. The
most likely source of possible invalidation of these re-
sults is interference by rapidly deposition, unknown,
ambient, gaseous, sulfur compounds not removed by
the present practice of using a denuder tube on the
sample airstream leading to the sulfur sensors. (Copy-
right (c) 1985 by the American Geophysical Union.)
Keywords: 'Particle flux, 'Sulfur, 'Deposition, Durnal
variations, Moisture c. Reprints.
PB87-178661/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Drilling Fluids on 'Thalassia testudinum'
and Its Epiphytic Algae. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
W. A. Price, J. M. Macauley, and J. R. Clark. C1986,
12p EPA/600/J-86/334, CONTRIB-555
Pub. in Environmental and Experimental Botany, v26
N4 p321-330 1986. Prepared in cooperation with Uni-
versity of West Florida, Pensacola. Dept. of Biology.
A flow-through microcosm system was developed to
assess the potential influence of drilling fluids on Tha-
lassia testudinum and its epiphytic algae. Two treat-
ments (drilling fluid and a montmorillonite clay) and a
control were used for seven tests: two 10-day, 200 mi-
croliter/1 exposures; two 10-day, 1000 microliter/I; and
three six-week, 190 microliter/l. Six-week exposure to
drilling fluid reduced epiphyte biomass (measured as
ash free dry weight/sq cm), but surviving algae did not
differ (measured as chlorophyll a/g epiphyte ash free
dry weight) from controls. Thalassia productivity
(carbon uptake and growth rate) was reduced by 10-
day exposure to drilling fluid concentrations of 200 mi-
croliter/l and 1000 microliter/l. Thalassia productivity
was reduced by drilling fluid exposure in summer and
fall but not in spring. The variation in response is attrib-
uted to seasonal changes in Thalassia allotment and
storage of carbohydrates. The effect of montmorillon-
ite clay exposure varied inconsistently among all tests
for both Thalassia and epiphytes. (Copyright (c) Perga-
mon Journals Ltd. 1986.)
Keywords: "Drilling fluids, *Algae, 'Sea grasses,
'Montmorillonite, Offshore drilling, Estuaries, Chloro-
phylls. Reprints, 'Thalassia testudinum.
PB87-178711/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Proliferative Hepatocellular Lesions of the Rat:
Review and Future Use in Risk Assessment,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
E. Rinde, R. Hill, A. Chiu, and B. Haberman. Feb 86,
31p EPA/625/3-86/011
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Research and De-
velopment.
The paper addresses three questions that are crucial
in the evaluation of rat tumor data and in the assess-
ment of carcinogenic risk for humans. One question is
whether to consider these lesions 'hyperplastic' or
'neoplastic' in nature, the latter classification being in-
dicative of tumor formation, A second question is to in-
terpret the finding that in some experimental systems,
certain nonmalignant proliferative lesions may regress
following removal of an inciting, carcinogenic stimulus,
with only a small proportion of the lesions persisting.
Finally, it is important to know whether any of these le-
sions may progress to carcinoma.
Keywords: 'Risk, 'Liver neoplasms, Carcinogens, Ma-
lignant neoplasms, Liver diseases, Liver, Neoplasms,
Rats.
PB87-178729/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Laboratory Spawning, Egg Membranes, and Egg
Capsules of 14 Small Marine Prosobranchs from
Florida and Blmini, Bahamas. Journal article.
University of West Florida, Pensacola. Dept. of Biol-
ogy.
C. N. D'Asaro. C1986, 17p EPA/600/J-86/336
Grant EPA-R-811649
Pub. in American Malacological Bulletin, v4 n2 p185-
199 1986. Sponsored by Environmental Research
Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Specific substrata or locations used for oviposition and
external and internal structure of egg capsules pro-
duced by small prosobranchs from seagrass beds and
coastal splash pools are described. Included are Trico-
lia affinis affinis (C.B. Adams, 1850), T. thalassicola
(Robertson, 1958) T. bella (M. Smith, 1937), Puperita
pupa (Linne, 1767), Smaragdia viridis viridemaris
(Maury, 1917), Littorina mespillum (Muhlfeld, 1824), Al-
vania auberiana (Orbigny, 1842), Rissoina catesbyana
(Orbigny, 1842), R, bryerea (Montagu, 1803), Zebina
browniana (Orbigny, 1842), Rissoella caribaea
(Rehder, 1943), Caecum nitidum Stimpson, 1851, Mar-
ginella aureocincta (Stearns, 1872, and Granulina ovu-
liformis (Orbigny, 1841). Populations of mature adults
were collected at locations in Florida and Bimini, Baha-
mas, acclimated in the laboratory, and allowed to
spawn in polystyrene Petri dishes. Descriptions were
based on egg capsules from 10 spawning events.
Keywords: 'Eggs, 'Mollusca, Reproduction(Biology),
Germ cells, Marine biology, Aquatic animals, Encapsu-
lating, Sea grasses, Estuaries, Reprints, Ova.
PB87-178794/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparison of an Optical Particle Size Monitor
and a Cascade Impactor for In-Stack Source Test-
ing. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
W. D. Conner, and K. T. Knapp. 1985,7p EPA/600/J-
85/481
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v19
n5 P458-462 May 85.
Particle size measurements by a prototype in-stack op-
tical particle size monitor are compared to concurrent
particle size measurements by an in-stack cascade im-
pactor at three coal-fired fly ash sources. The results
indicate that the optical monitor and impactor size
measurements defined similar particle size distribu-
tions between 0.2 and 20 micrometers. Particles small-
er than 0.2 micrometers as expected, were not ob-
served by the optical sizer. Particles larger than 20 mi-
crometers were also not expected to be detectable but
the optical instrument may have some sensitivity to the
larger-size particles. Mean size measurements by the
optical instrument were always larger than similar
measurements by the impactor.
Keywords: 'Optical measuring instruments, 'Particle
size, Emissions, Measurement, Size determination,
Particle size distribution, Chimneys, Reprints, 'Impac-
tors.
PB87-178802/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Comparison of Teleradlometrlc and Sensitometric
Techniques for Visibility Measurements. Journal
article,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
C. Seigneur, H. Hogo, and C. D. Johnson. c1984, 9p
EPA/600/J-84/400
Contract EPA-68-02-3225
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v18 n1 p227-233
Jan 84. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric
Sciences Research Lab.
Visibility measurements of power plant and smelter
plumes were conducted as part of the 1981 VISTTA
field programs by means of sensitometry of color pho-
tographic slides and teleradiometry. The results ob-
tained with these two techniques at three wavelengths
(450, 550, and 630 nm) were compared and showed
good agreement for plume/sky radiance ratios, with
correlation coefficients on the order of 0.9 and aver-
age absolute differences of 2 to 4 percent. The uncer-
tainty in the plume/sky radiance ratio is about 4 per-
cent for sensitometry. Although this value is slightly
higher than the uncertainty of 2 percent previously re-
ported for teleradiometry (Bergstrom etal., 1982), sen-
sitometry offers the advantage of an instantaneous
measurement. In contrast, a teleradiometer scan takes
on the order of 15 minutes, and plume visual effects
can show large variations in this short time period.
(Copyright (c) 1984 Pergamon Press Ltd.)
Keywords: "Sensitometers, 'Visibility, Plumes, Photo-
graphs, Optical detection, Monitors, Measurement, Air
pollution, Reprints, 'Teleradiometers, VISTTA.
PB87-178810/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pharmacologic Probing of Renal Development In
the Neonatal Rat. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. A. Gray, and R. J. Kavlock. 1986,11 p EPA/60O/J-
86/312
Pub. in Biology of the Neonate, v50 p182-191 1986.
The study was designed to examine the ontogeny of
renal functions in the neonatal rat using various phar-
macologic agents as probes. The renal responses of
2,6, and 10 day old rats to diuretic agents known to act
on proximal tubules, loops of Henle and distal tubules
were assessed. These included acetazolamide, furo-
semide, mercaptomerin, chlorothiazide and amiloride.
Acetazolamide, furosemide, chlorothiazide and amilor-
ide induced diuresis at each age indicating that the re-
spective reabsorptive mechanisms were present and
functional by 2 days of age. At all ages furosemide
evoked a maximal response in eliminating the intersti-
tial fluid gradient as indicated by the formation of an
isosmotic urine in treated pups. However, the volume
of the diuresis at 2 days of age was half of those at 6
and 10 days, reflecting enhanced activity of the coun-
tercurrent multiplication apparatus in the maturing
pups. Administration of mercaptomerin, did not
produce a pharmacologic diuresis, but rather resulted
in acute renal failure; although the nephrotoxicity was
to a lesser extent in the two day old pups.
Keywords: 'Kidney, 'Development, Toxicity, Pharma-
cology, Renal failure, Rats, Diuresis, Laboratory ani-
mals, Reprints, 'Renal development, Nephrology
Acetazolamide, Furosemide, Chlorothiazide, Amilor-
ide, Mercaptomerin.
PB87-178828/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Review of National Emission Standards for Mer-
cury (Final Environmental Impact Statement).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Mar 87,39p EPA/450/3-84/014B
See also report dated Dec 84, PB85-153906.
The report summarizes public comments that were
made on the proposed revisions to the national emis-
sion standards for the hazardous air pollutant mercury
The document also provides the Environmental Pro-
lection Agency's responses to those comments
Changes made to the final revisions (since proposal)
are briefly described.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Mercury(Metal)
'Standards, Reviews, Electric batteries, Industrial
wastes, Incinerators, Regulations, Sources, Chemical
industry, 'Air pollution abatement, Ore treatment.
PB87-178844/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Dinocap: Special Review; Technical Support Doe.
ument.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.	'
Oct 86, 84p* EPA/540/09-87/111
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Dinocap is the common name for a mixture of 2,4-dini-
tro-6-octylphenol crotonate (70-72%) and 2,6-dinitro-
6-octylphenol crotonate (28-30%). Dinocap is most
commonly sold under the trade names Karathane,
Mildex, and Dikar, the latter of which is a mixture of din-
ocap and mancozeb. Dinocap is registered as a pro-
tectant and eradicant fungicide to control powdery
mildew diseases on agricultural crops (apples, apri-
cots, cantaloupes, cucumbers, grapes, melons, peach-
es, pears, pumpkins, raspberries, and squash), nursery
stock, ornamentals, and home gardens. The Special
Review was initiated on the basis of two oral teratology
studies showing developmental malformations. The
Agency has reviewed the risks to consumers and
homeowners from current dinocap registrations and
has concluded that, with the addition of precautionary
language concerning the teratogenic potential of dino-
cap, exposures resulting from use in accordance with
label directions provide adequate margins of safety.
However, the Agency believes that it is possible to
reduce risks to acceptable levels for mixer/loaders
and applicators through modifications to the use of
dinocap, and proposes certain risk reduction meas-
ures.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Fungicides, Fruits, Vegetables,
Toxicity, Safety, Agricultural machinery, Protective
clothing, Regulations, "Dinocap, Teratogens, 40 CFR
154.
PB87-178851/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Coal Tar, Creosote, and Coal Tar Neutral Oil: Non-
Wood Preservative Uses. Position Document No.
2/3.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Aug 84,111 p EPA/540/09-87/110
See also PB80-213879,
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Pesticides,
"Toxicology, "Coal tar, "Creostate, Toxicity, Residues,
Ecology, Laboratory animals, Exposure, Physiological
effects, Regulations, Malignant neoplasms, Risk,
"Toxic substances, "Neutral oil, Healthrisks, Pesticide
residues, Path of pollutants, Mutagenesis, Oncogene-
sis, Bioaccumulation.
PB87-179024/HSU	PC A02/WF A01
Test of a Prototype Eddy Accumulator for Meas-
uring Atmospheric Vertical Fluxes of Water Vapor
and Particulate Sulfate. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
R. E. Speer, K. A. Peterson, T. G. Ellestad, and J. L.
Durham. 1985,6p EPA/600/J-85/480
Pub. in Jnl. of Geophysical Research, v90 nD1 p2119-
2122,20 Feb 85.
An eddy accumulator offers an appealing approach to
measuring fluxes of species for which fast-response
sensors are not available. The device accumulates
trace atmospheric species into an updraft sampler,and
a downdraft sampler at rates proportional to the verti-
cal wind speed. The flux of the species is related to the
difference in mass collected. The device was operated
during the Dry Deposition Intercomparison Study at
Champaign, Illinois in June 1982 and collected sam-
ples for water vapor and sulfate flu* determination. A
general description of the device and its operation at
the field site are given along with a description of the
analysis methods for determining fluxes.
Keywords: "Eddies, "Wind velocity, 'Accumulators,
Tests, Prototypes. Samplers, Water vapor, Compari-
son, Anenometers, Flow rate, Sulfates, Reprints, Par-
ticulates.
PB87-179073/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Ignition and Combustion of Liquid Fuel Droplets.
Part 1: impact on Pollutant Formation. Journal arti-
cle,
Massachusetts Inst, of Tech., Cambridge. Dept. of
Chemical Engineering.
S. C. Rah, A. F. Sarofim, and J. M. Beer. c1986,14p
EPA/600/J-86/325
Grant EPA-R-808774
Pub. in Combustion Science and Technology, v48
P273-284 May 86. See also Part 2, PB87-179081.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper gives results of a study of the ignition proc-
ess of liquid fuel droplets and its impact on the forma-
tion of soot and nitrogen oxides (NOx). The system
studied consists of a laboratory flame maintained by a
vertical, monosized liquid fuel droplet array surrounded
by a laminar flow of a mixture of helium and oxygen. It
was found that the formation of soot and NOx closely
correlated with the ignition of liquid fuel droplets. It has
been shown that the soot formation can be sup-
pressed by delaying ignition, and thus vaporizing as
much fuel as possible prior to the ignition. But delaying
ignition favors the conversion of fuel-bound nitrogen to
nitric oxide (NO). The control of the emission of both
soot and NOx can be achieved by use of low oxygen
concentrations in the oxidation gas to delay ignition
and suppress soot formation by using a high fuel/air
ratio to reduce NOx. (Copyright (c) 1986 Gordon and
Breach Science Publishers, Inc.)
Keywords: "Ignition, "Combustion, "Air pollution, Soot,
Nitrogen oxides, Vaporizing, Helium, Oxygen, Emis-
sion, Ignition time, Reprints, "Liquid fuels, Air pollution
control.
PB87-179081/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Ignition and Combustion of Liquid Fuel Droplets.
Part 2: Ignition Studies. Journal article,
Massachusetts Inst, of Tech., Cambridge. Dept. of
Chemical Engineering.
S, C. Rah, A. F. Sarofim, and J. M. Beer. C1986,18p
EPA/600/J-86/326
Grant EPA-R-808774
Pub. in Combustion Science and Technology, v49
p169-184 Sep 86. See also Part 1, PB87-179073.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper gives results of a study of the ignition proc-
ess of liquid fuel droplets. A laboratory flame main-
tained by a vertical, monosized liquid fuel droplet array
surrounded by a laminar flow of a mixture of helium
and oxygen represents the system investigated. A
system of partial differential equations describing the
ignition of a single droplet was formulated. By specify-
ing the droplet surface position with the d-squared law,
the system of partial differential equations could be
solved numerically. The effects of convection and in-
terference between the droplets in the array were
lumped in the evaporation rate constant in the d-
squared law. The ignition model could interpret the ex-
perimental results on the ignition of droplet arrays of
pure fuel, and by extension, of residual fuel oil. (Copy-
right (c) 1986 Gordon and Breach Science Publishers,
Inc.)
Keywords: "Ignition, "Combustion, Helium, Oxygen,
Partial differential equations, Evaporation, Residual
oils, Fuel oils, Reprints, "Liquid fuels.
PB87-179248/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
European Activities in S02 and NOx Emission
Control. Rept. for Apr 86-Mar 87,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
W. Ellison, and J. W. Jones. Apr 87,14p EPA/600/D-
87/117
Prepared in cooperation with Ellison Consultants,
Monrovia. MD.
The paper gives updated details of major flue gas de-
sulfurization (FGD) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) control
installations in the Federal Republic of Germany (West
Germany) for coal-fired boilers. The paper reviews ap-
plicable government regulations limiting stack emis-
sions, provides an understanding of the principal types
of control system designs that have been applied, out-
lines technological advancements that have been
achieved, and reviews experience gained to date in
recent expanded use of FGD and NOx control facilities
in Europe. Significant differences from FGD service
and practice in the U.S. and Japan are described, and
specific information is offered that may help improve
the design, operation, and reliability of new and retrofit
FGD installations in the U.S.
Keywords: "Flue gases, "Emission, "Air pollution, De-
sulfurization, Sulfur dioxide. Nitrogen oxides, Coal,
Boilers, Regulations, West Germany, United States,
Japan, Europe, "Air pollution control, Stationary
sources.
PB87-179255/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Multistaged Approach for In-Furnace NOx Con-
trol. Rept. for Aug 86-Feb 87,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. K. Srivastava, and J. A. Mulnolland. Apr 87,28p
EPA/600/D-87/116
Contract EPA-68-02-3988
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper discusses the evaluation of a multistaged
combustion burner design on a 0.6 MW package boiler
simulator for in-furnace nitrogen oxides (NOx) control
and high combustion efficiency. The adiabatic precom-
bustion chamber burner has been reduced in size by a
factor of about 2. Natural gas, doped with ammonia to
yield a 5.8% fuel nitrogen content, was used to simu-
late high nitrogen content fuel/waste mixtures. A
burner baseline NO emission of 315 ppm (measured
dry, corrected to zero % 02) was measured, com-
pared with an emission of over 1000 ppm estimated for
a conventional unstaged burner. Both deep air staging,
resulting in a three-stage configuration, and boiler front
wall fuel staging of undoped natural gas, yielding four
stoichiometric zones, reduced the baseline NO emis-
sion by about 50% to 160 ppm, meeting the program
goal. However, deep air staging resulted in the entire
front end of the boiler being fuel-rich and required pen-
etrations into the boiler for staged air injection. The
fuel staging results, on the other hand, required no
boiler penetrations and only a small fuel-rich flame
core in the boiler. Further, sufficient air for complete
oxidation of the primary combustion products was pro-
vided at the burner exit, prior to staged fuel and air in-
jection in the boiler, in the fuel staging tests.
Keywords: "Nitrogen oxides, "Combustion efficiency,
Burners, Fossil fuels, Nitrogen oxide(NO), Nitrogen
dioxide(N20), Emissions, "Multistaged burners, Pollu-
tion control.
PB87-179263/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Development of Audit Devices and Materials for
Source Level Air Pollution Measurement Methods,
Entropy Environmentalists, Inc., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
T. J. Logan, M. R. Midgett, R. G. Fuerst, and W. G.
DeWees. Apr 87,19pEPA/600/D-87/t18
Contract EPA-68-02-4442
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The paper describes the procedures followed by the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Quality
Assurance Division, when developing a source level
audit device or material (d/m). The audit d/m's are
used to quantitatively determine that an EPA reference
method is being properly performed by an analyst. The
procedure to develop and audit d/m is described by
discussing the development of an audit material for
EPA reference Method 5, Determination of Particulate
Emissions from Stationary Sources. The paper also
presents a list of all audit d/m's currently available
from the EPA Quality Assurance Division,
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Measurement, "Auditing,
Measuring instruments, Quality assurance, Perform-
ance evaluation, Standards, "Air pollution monitors,
"Air pollution control, Stationary sources, Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Air pollution sampling, Particu-
lates.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-179271/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Parameter Monitoring for Real-Time Electrostatic
Precipitator Troubleshooting. Rept. for Mar-Aug 85,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
P. A. Lawless, D. S. Ensor, and L. E. Sparks. Apr 87,
16p EPA/600/D-87/070
Prepared in cooperation with Research Triangle Inst.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
The paper discusses detailed numerical calculations
of particle charge and extinction coefficient performed
using current models. The results suggest that infor-
mation about rapping reentrainment, back corona,
and, possibly, sulfuric acid condensation can be
gained from simultaneous outlet measurements of
opacity and space charge. Some experimental obser-
vations based on semicontinuous measurements have
confirmed these results in a general way and point to
the use of the method as a precipitator diagnostic tool.
Keywords: "Electrostatic precipitators, Particles, Math-
ematical models, Emissions, Monitors, Opacity, Ab-
sorptivity, Space charge, Electric corona, Reprints,
Pollution control.
PB87-179289/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Solids Dewatering for a Pilot-Scale
Thlosorbic Lime S02 Scrubber. Rept. for Sep 85-
Apr 86,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. C. S. Chang, and T. G. Brna. Apr 87, 21 p EPA/600/
D-87/101
Contract EPA-68-02-3988
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper gives results of an evaluation of solids
dewatering for a pilot-scale thiosorbic lime S02 scrub-
ber. Pilot plant data showed that the dissolved magne-
sium in thiosorbic lime caused deterioration of solids
dewatering properties. The slurry settling rate in-
creased when the slurry shear stresses caused by the
hold tank stirrer and recirculation pump were reduced.
The application of flocculant also increased the slurry
solids settling rate. Compared with rotary drum
vacuum filtering, better liquid/solids separation oc-
curred with a centrifuge. Other related performance re-
sults are also discussed.
Keywords: 'Dewatering, 'Solids, * Air pollution control
equipment, Calcium oxides, Sulfur dioxide, Scrubbers,
Pilot plants, Magnesium, Slurries, Flocculants, "Air
pollution control, "Thiosorbic process, Stationary
sources.
PB87-179297/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Real-Time Monitoring of a Hazardous Waste incin-
erator with a Mobile Laboratory. Rept. for Dec 86-
Jan 87,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
S. L. Nolen, J. V. Ryan, and R. Bridge. Apr 87,16p
EPA/600/D-87/072
Contract EPA-68-02-3988
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper discusses an EPA project involving a mobile
laboratory for continuous monitoring of emissions and
operating parameters of hazardous waste incinerators.
This Hazardous Air Pollutants Mobile Laboratory
(HAPML), easily transported for use by research
projects at a variety of incinerators, provides an inte-
grated sampling and analytical package for evaluation
and development of continuous and semi-continuous
monitors for hazardous waste incinerators. The
HAPML recently participated in a field test to examine
the total mass emissions from an incinerator during
steady state and transient conditions. The HAPML ac-
quired continuous emission monitoring data and on-
line gas chromatograph/flame ionization detector
(GC/rlD) hydrocarbon data. The paper discusses the
development of the HAPML, its capabilities, data ob-
tained while monitoring a hazardous waste incinerator,
and future plans.
Kevwords: "Emissions, "Incinerators, "Monitoring,
Mobile equipment, Sampling, Wastes, Toxicity, Air pol-
792 Vol. 90, No. 24
lution control, Gas chromatography, Reprints,
*HAPML(Hazardous Air Pollutants Mobile Laboratory),
Hazardous wastes, Pollution control, Flame ionization.
PB87-179321/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Controls for Waste-to-Energy
Plants. Rept. for Feb-Mar 87,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
G. L. Huffman. Apr 87,27p EPA/600/D-87/112
The paper provides a literature review of selected,
published literature relative to the performance of cer-
tain pollution control technologies that have been ap-
plied to Waste-to-Energy (WTE) plants. It discusses
various environmental standards which have been
adopted by three European countries and three U.S.
states for WTE plants. The paper describes the pollut-
ant emissions and residues exiting plants of this type,
and delineates the performance of two Canadian air
pollution control technology pilot plants applied to the
flue gases of such plants.
Keywords: "Environmental protection, Air pollution
control, Emissions, Residues, Flue gases, Materials re-
covery, Standards, Hazardous materials, *WTE(Waste
to Energy) plants, "Emission control, "Pollution con-
trol.
PB87-179636/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Bloaccumulatlon of Kepone by Spot ('Leiostomus
xanthurus'): Importance of Dietary Accumulation
and Ingestion Rate. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
D. J. Fisher, J. R. Clark, M. H. Roberts, J. P. Connolly,
and L. H. Mueller. c1986,21 p EPA/600/J-86/335
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology 9, p161-178 1986. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Johns Hopkins Univ., Shady
Side, MD. Aquatic Ecology Section, Virginia Inst, of
Marine Science, Gloucester Point, and Manhattan
Coll., Bronx, NY. Dept. of Environmental Engineering.
The relative extent of dietary accumulation and bio-
concentration of Kepone by spot (Leiostomus xanth-
urus) was quantitatively evaluated at food rations of 4,
8, or 20% of the average wet weight of fish. 14C-
Kepone was utilized to determine bioconcentration
and dietary accumulation separately, . while 14C-
Kepone-contaminated food (grass shrimp, Palaemon-
etes pugio) and unlabeled Kepone in water were used
to determine simultaneously accumulation from both
sources. Grass shrimp and spot were exposed to the
same aqueous Kepone concentration (0.04 micro-
grams/I). A first-order pharmacokinetic equation was
used to model Kepone accumulation kinetics during
the 19-day uptake and 28-day clearance phases.
(Copyright (c) 1986 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.,
Biomedical Division.)
Keywords: Water pollution, Accumulation,
Ingestion(Biology), Concentration(Composition), Food
chains, Aquatic animals, Shrimps, Reprints, "Kepone,
"Bioaccumulation, Leiostomus xanthurus.
PB87-179677/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Chlordimeform on Cardiovascular
Functional Parameters. Part 2. Acute and Delayed
Effects Following Intravenous Administration In
the Poatweanling Rat. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
W. P. Watkinson. 1986,14p EPA/600/J-86/283
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health
19, p195-206 1986. See also Part 3, PB87-179685.
The differential effects of intravenous (IV) intraperiton-
eal (IP) administration of chlordimeform (CDM) were
investigated in 22-30 day old pentobarbital-anesthe-
tized Sprague-Dawley rats. The first group of animals
(N = 25) were given sequential IV injections of 5, 10,
30, 60, and 120 mg/kg CDM, or normal saline vehicle
followed by a single iniection of 60 mg/kg CDM. Heart
rate (HR), arterial blood pressure (BP), and electrocar-
diogram (ECG) were monitored for all animals. CDM
produced profound acute effects on all cardiovascular
parameters monitored and persistent delayed effects
on HR and BP. These effects were similar to but less
severe than those observed in a previous study using
geriatric animals. The second group of animals
(N = 32) received a single IP injection of either 10, 30,
or 60 mg/kg CDM, or normal saline vehicle. The de-
crease in HR produced by CDM in these animals was
comparable to the delayed HR effect seen in the first
group despite the differences in dosing regimens and
routes of administration.
Keywords: "Parenteral infusions, "Toxicity, Blood
pressure, Heart rate, Dosage, Rats, Laboratory ani-
mals, Pesticides, Reprints, "Chlordimeform.
PB87-17968S/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Chlordimeform on Cardiovascular
Functional Parameters. Part 3. Comparison of Dif-
ferent Routes of Administration in the Postweanl-
ing Rat. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
W. P. Watkinson. 1986,13p EPA/600/J-86/324
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health
19, P207-217 1986. See also Part 2, PB87-179677.
The effects of intraperitoneal (IP) administration of
chlordimeform (CDM) were investigated in 22-24 day
old pentobarbital-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats.
Animals (N=32) received a single IP injection of either
10, 30, or 60 mg/kg CDM, or normal saline vehicle.
Heart rate (HR) and electrocardiogram (ECG) were
monitored for all animals, while body temperature was
maintained at control levels (37 deg C). HR decreased
21-29% in the treated animals and there were no dif-
ferences observed across dose groups or over time.
ECG effects were confined to rate-related changes
only. The decrease in HR produced by CDM in these
animals was comparable to the delayed HR effect
seen in previous studies from this laboratory (Watkin-
son, 1985; Watkinson, 1986) despite major differences
in dosing regimens and routes of administration.
Keywords: "Parenteral infusions, "Toxicity, Blood
pressure, Heart rate, Dosage, Rats, Laboratory ani-
mals, Pesticides, Reprints, "Chlordimeform.
PB87-179693/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Modeling of Phytoplankton in Saginaw Bay. 2.
Post-Audit Phase. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
V. J. Bierman, and D. M. Dolan. 1986,18p EPA/600/J-
86/293, ERLN-686
Pub. in Jnl. Env. Engr., v112 n2 p415-429 Apr 86. See
also report dated 1981, PB83-140681.
A phytoplankton simulation model was previously de-
veloped and calibrated to an extensive set of baseline
data for 1974 and 1975 on Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron.
Comparisons are made between a priori model predic-
tions and an extensive set of resurvey data acquired in
1980, subsequent to the implementation of controls on
phosphorus loadings. Results are also presented from
running the calibrated model with the actual 1980 load-
ings and environmental forcing factors. Model results
suggest that changes in environmental conditions are
important in determining the response of the bay, inde-
pendent of any effects due to reductions in phospho-
rus loadings.
Keywords: "Models, "Phytoplankton, 'Saginaw Bay,
Water quality, Phosphorus, Predictions, Simulation,
Water pollution control, Environmental criteria, Cali-
brating, Reprints.
PB87-179727/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada
OK.
Transport of Dissolved Hydrocarbons Influenced
by Oxygen-Limited Biodegradatlon. 1. Theoretical
Development. Journal article,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
R. C. Borden, and P. B. Bedient. C1986, 12p EPA/600/
J-86/332
Pub. in Water Resources Research, v22 ni3 P1973.
1982 Dec 86. Prepared in cooperation with Oklahoma
Univ., Norman. Environmental and Ground Water Inst.
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
In the paper, equations are developed for simulating
the simultaneous growth, decay, and transport of
microorganisms, as well as the transport and removal
of hydrocarbon and oxygen. These equations are
solved by conventional numerical techniques to study
the impact of microbial kinetics, horizontal mixing, ao-
sorption, and vertical exchange with the unsaturated
zone on biodegradation. In the region near the hydro-
carbon source, any available oxygen will be rapidly
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
oxygen transport will be rate limiting and the consump-
tion of oxygen and hydrocarbon can be approximated
as an instantaneous reaction. The major source of
oxygen to the plume appear to be transverse mixing,
advective fluxes when adsorption is significant, and
vertical exchange with the unsaturated zone. (Copy-
right (c) 1986 by the American Geophysical Union.)
Keywords: "Hydrocarbons, "Biodeterioration, Oxygen
transport mechanisms, Degradation, Dispersion, Aero-
bic processes, Waste disposal, Water pollution,
Ground water, Simulation, Reprints, 'Pollution trans-
port.
PB87-179735/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Transport of Dissolved Hydrocarbons Influenced
by Oxygen-Limited Biodegradation. 2. Field Appli-
cation. Journal article,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
R. C. Borden, P. B. Bedient, M. D. Lee, C. H. Ward, and
J. T. Wilson. C1986,10p EPA/600/J-86/333
Pub. in Water Resources Research, v22 n13 p1983-
1990 Dec 86. Prepared in cooperation with North
Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh, and Oklahoma Univ.,
Norman. Environmental and Ground Water Inst.
An existing solute transport model is modified to allow
simulation of soluble hydrocarbon transport in ground-
water influenced by oxygen-limited biodegradation.
The transport model is then applied to an abandoned
creosoting site where biodegradation is known to
occur. Oxygen exchange with the unsaturated zone
and resulting biodegradation is approximated as a first-
order decay in hydrocarbon concentration. The loss of
hydrocarbon due to horizontal mixing with oxygenated
groundwater and resulting biodegradation is simulated
by generating oxygen ana hydrocarbon distributions in-
dependently and then combining by superposition.
This procedure is only applicable where absorption of
hydrocarbon is negligible. The major transport param-
eters are obtained by calibrating the model to a chlo-
ride plume also present at the site. Simulated oxygen
and hydrocarbon concentrations closely matched the
observed values. Two cases are presented to illustrate
the potential assimilative capacity of shallow aquifers.
(Copyright (c) 1986 by the American Geophysical
Union.)
Keywords: 'Hydrocarbons, 'Biodeterioration, Oxygen
transport mechanisms, Dispersion, Degradation, Aero-
bic processes, Waste disposal, Water pollution,
Ground water, Simulation, Reprints, 'Pollution trans-
port.
PBA7-179743/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Occurrence of Transient Puffs In a Rotary Kiln In-
cinerator Simulator. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
W. P. Linak, J. D. Kilgroe, J. A. McSorley, J. O. L.
Wendt, and J. E. Dunn. c1987,14p EPA/600/J-87/
006
Pub. in Jnl. of Air Pollution Control Association, v37 nl
p54-65. Report on Hazardous Waste Management.
Prepared in cooperation with Arizona Univ., Tucson.
Dept. of Chemical Engineering, and Arkansas Univ.,
Fayetteville.
The article discusses a statistically designed paramet-
ric investigation to determine which waste and kiln
variables (charge mass, charge surface area, charge
composition, and kiln temperature) significantly affect
both instantaneous intensity and total magnitude of
the puffs leaving a kiln used to incinerate simple proto-
type plastic wastes, ranging from polyethylene to poly-
vinychloride. Results show the relative ease with which
failure conditions are achieved, even at high excess air
values and high kiln temperatures. Transient puffs
leaving the kiln contain a number of hazardous com-
pounds. Increasing kiln temperature does not neces-
sarily decrease the puff intensity and may in fact cause
an increase. However, the total mass emitted always
decreases with increasing temperature. In addition,
the mass, surface area, and composition of the charge
are all important. (Copyright (c) 1987 - APCA.)
Keywords: 'Kilns, 'Air pollution, 'Plastics, Polyethyl-
ene. Polyvinyl chloride, Waste disposal. Hazardous
materials. Toxicity, Effluents, Reprints, Air pollution
control, Incineration.
PB87-179958/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Microbial Resistance to Disinfectants: Mecha-
nisms and Significance (Journal Version). Journal
article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
J. C. Hoff, and E. W. Akin. 1986,10p EPA/600/J-86/
339
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Health Perspectives, v69
p7-13 Nov 86. See also PB86-108297.
Drinking water disinfection provides the final barrier to
transmission of a wide variety of potentially water-
borne infectious agents including pathogenic bacteria,
viruses, and protozoa. These agents differ greatly in
their innate resistance to inactivation by disinfectants,
ranging from extremely sensitive bacteria to highly re-
sistant protozoan cysts. The close similarity between
microorganism inactivation rates and the kinetics of
chemical reactions has long been recognized. Ideally,
under carefully controlled conditions, microorganism
inactivation rates simulate first-order chemical reaction
rates, making it possible to predict the effectiveness of
disinfection under specific conditions. In practice,
changes in relative resistance and deviations from
first-order kinetics are caused by a number of factors,
including microbial growth conditions, aggregation,
and association with particulate materials.
Keywords: 'Disinfectants, 'Potable water, 'Microorga-
nisms, 'Water treatment, Bacteria, Viruses, Protozoa,
Kinetics, Chemical reactions, Effectiveness, 'Drinking
water, Waterborne diseases.
PB87-179966/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Experimental Acidification of Little Rock Lake,
Wisconsin. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
P. L. Brezonik, L. A. Baker, J. R. Eaton, T. M. Frost, and
P. Garrison. C1986,9p EPA/600/J-86/338
Pub. in Water, Air and Soil Pollution 31, p115-121 Nov
86. Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Univ., Min-
neapolis. Dept. of Civil and Mining Engineering, Wis-
consin Univ., Madison, Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Re-
sources, Madison, and Minnesota Univ., St. Paul.
The controlled acidification of a two-basin lake is de-
scribed. The lake was divided by a vinyl curtain in
1984; acidification of one basin began in 1985. Target
pH values of 5.5 and 4.5 are planned for 2-yr incre-
ments. Biotic and chemical responses and internal al-
kalinity generation are being studied. Baseline studies,
initial results at pH 5.5, and predictions of lake re-
sponses to acidification are described. (Copyright (c)
1986 by D. Reidel Publishing Company.)
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Little Rock Lake, pH, Alka-
linity, Sampling, Fishes, Aquatic plants, Chemical prop-
erties, Hydrology, Response, Zooplankton, Reprints.
PB87-179974/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Improvements in the Methodology for Measuring
Hydrochloric Add In Combustion Source Emis-
sions. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. L. Cheney, and C. R. Fortune. C1984,16p EPA/600/
J-84/399
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Science and Health A19,
n3 p337-350 1984. Prepared in cooperation with Nor-
throp Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A laboratory study was conducted to examine the
interaction of gaseous HCI with glass and quartz media
and with particles from coal-fired and incinerator boil-
ers. Also, some source sampling results obtaineo by
different methods at cement production plants, oil-
fired boilers, and a coal-fired boiler were examined. On
the basis of both studies, it is recommended that sam-
pling for gaseous HCI in combustion source emissions
employ a quartz filter medium, high-velocity sample
flow, minimum filter temperature, and minimum sample
volume. This approach is expected to yield the most
accurate HCI mass emission rates for source catego-
ries having significant chlorine in fuels or processes.
(Copyright (c) 1984 by Marcel Dekker, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Hydrochloric acid, 'Combustion products,
'Emission, Fly ash, Sampling, Filtered particle testing.
Boilers, Reprints, Gas combustion process.
PB87-179982/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Personal Exposures, Indoor and Outdoor Air Con-
centrations, and Exhaled Breath Concentrations
of Selected Volatile Organic Compounds Meas-
ured for 600 Residents of New Jersey, North
Dakota, North Carolina and California. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
L. A. Wallace. C1986, 24p EPA/600/J-86/340
Pub. in Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry,
v12 p215-236 1986. Prepared in cooperation with Har-
vard Univ., Cambridge, MA. Energy and Environmental
Policy Center.
EPA's TEAM Study has measured exposures to 20
volatile organic compounds in personal air, outdoor air,
drinking water, and breath of 600 residents of New
Jersey, North Carolina, North Dakota, and California.
Participants carried a personal monitor to collect two
12-hour air samples and gave a breath sample at the
end of the day. Two consecutive 12-hour outdoor air
samples were also collected on identical Tenax car-
tridges in the backyards of some of the participants.
About 7500 samples were collected, of which 2000
were quality control samples. Eleven compounds were
often present in air. Personal exposures were consist-
ently higher than outdoor concentrations. Indoor
sources appeared responsible for much of the differ-
ence. Breath concentrations also usually exceeded
outdoor concentrations, and correlated more strongly
with personal exposures than with outdoor concentra-
tions. Some activities (smoking, visiting dry cleaners or
service stations) and occupations (chemical, paint,
and plastics plants) were associated with significantly
elevated exposures and breath levels for certain toxic
chemicals. Residence near major point sources did
not affect exposure. (Copyright (c) 1986 Gordon and
Breach, Science Publishers, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Exposure, Air, Tox-
icity, Concentration, Inhalation, Atmospheric concen-
tration, Monitors, Potable water, Reprints,
*TEAM(Total Exposure Assessment Methodology), Air
quality, Indoor air pollution, Air sampling, Environment
pollution.
PB87-179990/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Chemistry of Oxidant Formation: Implications for
Designing Effective Control Strategies,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
M. C. Dodge. Apr 87,26p EPA/600/D-87/114
A simple moving box model was used to assess the
effect of various control strategies on predictions of
ozone formation in urban areas. It was found that the
effectiveness of a proposed control measure depends
critically on the ratio of the Volatile Organic Com-
pounds (VOC) and NOx precursors that are emitted
into the urban environment. Depending on the as-
sumptions made about the ratio of the VOC and NOx
emissions, a strategy involving simultaneous control of
VOC and NOx can be more or less effective in reduc-
ing downwind ozone levels than a strategy involving
reduction of only VOC. In all cases, however, it was
found that NOx control, by itself, has a detrimental
impact on ozone levels near source areas. Further,
when NOx control accompanies VOC control, ozone
concentrations near source areas are higher than
would occur if VOC alone is reduced. NOx control,
therefore, could result in greater population exposure
to high ozone levels than would be the case if only
VOC is reduced.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Ozone, 'Oxidizers, Atmos-
pheric models, Urban areas, Contaminants, Nitrogen
oxides, Volatile organic compounds.
PB87-180006/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Acute Sulfolane Exposure Produces Tempera-
ture-Independent and Dependent Changes In
Visual Evoked Potentials. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. S. Dyer, W. K. Boyes, and B. E. Hetzler. 1986,9p
EPA/600/J-86/337
Pub. in Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology, v8
p687-693 1986.
The report describes the consequences of acute expo-
sure to sulfolane upon the visual system, as measured
using flash evoked potential (FEPs) and pattern rever-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sal evoked potentials (PREPs). A single Injection of
either 1/2 or 1/4, but not 1/8 the i.p. LD50 (1600 mg/
kg) produced significant increases in peak latencies of
both FEPs and PREPs. These effects of sulfolane
were apparent within 1 hour and lasted longer than 6
hours. In addition, sulfolane produced an ambient tem-
perature- and dose-dependent hypothermia. Attenuat-
ing hypothermia eliminated the effects of sulfolane on
latencies. Amplitudes of FEP peaks to the first of a pair
of stimuli were generally increased compared to con-
trol, and this effect was probably not temperature de-
pendent. Sulfolane, therefore, produces effects on the
visual system, some of which are temperature depend-
ent.
Keywords: "Nervous system disorders, "Visual per-
ception, "Toxicity, Exposure, Organic solvents, Toxi-
cology, Convulsive disorders, Behavior disorders,
Hypothermia, Rats, Reprints, "Sulfolane, Tetrahy-
drothiophene-1, 1-dioxide, FEP(Flash Evoked Poten-
tials), PREPS(Pattern Reversal Evoked Potentials).
PB87-180014/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Report on the Toxicity and Chemistry of Sedi-
ments from Toronto and Toledo Harbors. Re-
search rept.,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
G. Chapman, M. Cairns, D. Krawczyk, K. Mulueg, and
A. Nebeker. 1986, 31 p EPA/600/D-87/061
Pub. in Evaluation of Sediment Bioassessment Tech-
niques, Report of the Dredging Subcommittee to the
Great Lakes Water Quality Board, p91-118, 31 Oct 86.
The experiments described in this report were part of a
sediment bioassessment study involving several lab-
oratories. The concept behind the study was to com-
pare the bioassessment results of each participating
laboratory, each using whatever assessment tech-
nique they currently employed, on two common sedi-
ment samples from Toronto and Toledo harbors. Our
first experience with these bioassay methods indicated
that when comparing the toxicity of an array of variably
contaminated sediments, they yield qualitatively simi-
lar results, although relative quantitative sensitivity be-
tween test procedures can vary from time to time.
Generally, the Daphnia are the most sensitive of our
test organisms and their response generally follows
the solubilization of the toxic chemicals from the sedi-
ments. This solubilization varies among the three test
types and their effective sediment: water ratios. Above
all, solubilization (and loss from solution) is a dynamic
process and proceeds at different rates depending on
test and sediment type as well as organism activity.
Keywords: "Sediments, "Toxicity, Bioassay, Laborato-
ries, Contaminants, Comparison, Toxic tolerances,
Solubility, Tests, Chemical analysis, Ohio, Canada, Re-
prints, Toronto Harbor, Toledo Harbor.
PB87-180022/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Compensating for Wall Effects in IAQ (Indoor Air
Quality) Chamber Tests by Mathematical Model-
ing. Rept. for Jun 86-Feb 87,
Arkansas Univ., Fayetteville.
J. E. Dunn, and B. A. Tichenor. Apr 87,19p EPA/600/
D-87/111
Grant EPA-R-812305
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper presents mechanistic mathematical models
that account for two phenomena: interior surfaces of a
state-of-the-art emissions test chamber acting as a
transient sink for organic emissions; the effect of in-
creasing chamber concentration on the emission rate
of the source. As a consequence of this mathematical
development, a source emission rate as a function of
time and a steady state emission rate factor are given
precise definitions. Applications involve modeling 1,4
dichlorobenzene emission from moth crystal, and
mixed emissions from latex caulk.
Keywords: "Mathematical models, 'Emission, Air pol-
lution control. Test chambers. Sorption, Latex, Sealing
compounds, Reprints, "Benzene/dichloro, Air quality,
Indoor air pollution.
PB87-180030/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Automated Data Acquisition and Control System
Bolsters EPA's (Environmental Protection Agen-
cy's) Air Pollution Research. Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
P. K. Ziminski, and S. R. Holman. c1987, 7p EPA/600/
M-87/010
Contract EPA-68-03-3246
Pub. in HP Design and Manufacturing, p12-15 Mar 87.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
The introduction of advanced microcomputer technol-
ogy to the research laboratory has enhanced the way
scientists design and perform experiments. Here at the
Environmental Research Laboratory of the U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency in Corvallis, Oregon, we
are researching the effects of air pollutants on agricul-
tural and native plant species. We are capable of per-
forming studies directly related to ambient air quality
due to this microcomputer technology. (Copyright (c)
1987 by Publications & Communications, Inc.)
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Computer applications,
Data acquisition, Automatic control, Research
projects, Experimental design, Reprints, Air quality
data, Air pollution effects(Plants).
PB87-180048/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Use of Isopropanol to Distinguish H2S04 from
Particulate Sulfate on Filters. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. L. Cheney, C. R. Fortune, and C. F. Turlington.
C1984, 18p EPA/600/J-84/401
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Science and Health A19,
n3 p351-366 1984. Prepared in cooperation with Nor-
throp Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Potential interferences in the anhydrous isopropanol
(a-lPA) extraction method for separating sulfuric acid
from particulate sulfate on filters were investigated.
The method involves separation and recovery of the
acid with a-lPA, followed by aqueous extraction of the
particulate. Analysis for sulfate in the separate frac-
tions was performed by ion chromatography. The solu-
bility of ammonium sulfate in a-lPA was measured and
the effects of temperature and moisture content of the
solvent on ammonium sulfate solubility were deter-
mined. Neither a small uptake of moisture by the a-lPA
nor elevated temperatures up to 30 C had a significant
effect on the solubility of ammonium sulfate in IPA.
Ammonium sulfate was determined to be very highly
insoluble in a-lPA and therefore, exposure of samples
to any source of ammonia will result in low recoveries
of sulfuric acid by the solvent recovery procedure.
Keywords: "Combustion, "Solvent extraction, Sul-
fates, Emission, Sulfur oxides, Filters, Filtered particle
testing, Solubility, Chromatographic analysis. Materials
recovery, Reprints, 'Sulfuric acid, IPA(Anhydrous Iso-
propanol) extraction.
PB87-180055/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Establishment of an Eastern Visibility Fine Parti-
cle Network. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
E. G. Evans, T. Fitz-Simons, T. A. Lumpkin, and W. F.
Barnard. Apr 87,10p EPA/600/D-87/062
A comprehensive assessment of eastern regional
haze is being undertaken by EPA's Environmental
Monitoring Systems Laboratory. An Eastern Visibility
Fine Particle Network (EVFPN) is being set up to study
the relationships between fine particles and visibility. A
long-term data base will be established to aid in deter-
mining spatial and temporal variations in indicators of
visibility degradation in the Eastern United States. A
further refinement of the visibility/particulate compo-
nents relationships, with emphasis given to the nonsul-
fate components such as carbon and nitrate, will be
developed. The monitoring strategy used to obtain op-
tical properties, aerosol characteristics, and the char-
acteristics of a scene will be discussed along with the
general overview of the Eastern Visibility Fine Particle
Network.
Keywords: "Haze, Particles, Visibility, Air pollution,
Monitoring, Optical properties, Aerosols, Reprints,
"EVFPN(Eastern Visibility Fine Partice Network), Air
quality.
PB87-180337/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Survival and Transport of Pathogens In Sludge-
Amended Soil: A Critical Literature Review. Final
rept. 19 Sep 84-31 May 86,
Texas Univ. at Austin. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
C. A. Sorber, and B. E. Moore. Apr 87,128p EPA/600/
2-87/028
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
A study was undertaken to critically review available in-
formation on the survival and transport of pathogens
from municipal wastewater sludges applied to land.
Most available data are restricted to Salmonella and
indicator bacteria. In general, Salmonella showed a
90% (T90) reduction within 3 weeks in sludge-amend-
ed soils. In warm climates, inactivation of viruses near
the surface was quite rapid with a median T90 of 3
days, while comparable inactivation at low tempera-
tures required approximately 30 days. Maximal para-
site survival, as represented by Ascaris, was relatively
long with a median T90 of 77 days. Under field condi-
tions including exposure to natural rainfall, virtually no
viruses have been detected in soil-water percolates.
Available literature strongly favors the contention that
parasitic ova are retained at the point of sludge intro-
duction to the soil. Finally, insufficient data are avail-
able to provide the various factors required to ade-
quately model pathogen survival and transport in
sludge-amended soils.
Keywords: 'Sludge, Microorganisms, Bacteria, Vi-
ruses, Parasites, Salmonella, Models. Waste water,
Disposal, Reviews, 'Pathogens, 'Sediment transport.
PB87-180352/HSU	PCA11/MFA01
National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Report,
1985,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Feb 87, 231 p* EPA/450/4-87/001
See also report for 1984, PB86-192044.
The report presents national and regional trends in air
quality from 1976 through 1985 for total suspended
particulate, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen
dioxide, ozone and lead. Air pollution trends were also
examined for the 5-year period (1981-85) to take ad-
vantage of the larger number of sites and the fact that
the data from the post-1980 period should be of the
highest quality. Both national and regional trends in
each of the major pollutants are examined. National air
quality trends are also presented for both the National
Air Monitoring Sites (NAMS) and other site categories.
In addition to ambient air quality, trends are also pre^
sented for annual nationwide emissions. These emis-
sions are estimated using the best available engineer-
ing calculations; the ambient levels presented are
averages of direct measurements. The report also in-
cludes a section, Air Quality Levels in Metropolitan
Statistical Areas (MSA's). Its purpose is to provide in-
terested members of the air pollution control communi-
ty, the private sector and the general public with great-
ly simplified air pollution information. Air quality statis-
tics are presented for each of the pollutants for all
SMSA's with populations exceeding 500,000 for the
years 1983,1984 and 1985.
Keywords: Trends, National government, Carbon mon-
oxide, Sulfur dioxide, Urban areas, Nitrogen dioxide
Ozone, Lead(Metal), Standards, Statistical analysis'
Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data), 'Air quality. Air sam-
pling, Total suspended particulates.
PB87-180485/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Creosote and Coal Tar (Non-Wood): Decision
Document.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Pesticide Programs.
2 Oct 85, 50p* EPA/540/09-87/130
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient mav
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Pesticides,
"Toxicology, "Creosate, "Coal tar, Toxicity, Residues,
Ecology, Laboratory animals, Exposure, Physiological
effects, Regulations, Manufacturing, Public health,
"Toxic substances, Health risks, Pesticide residues,
Path of pollutants, Mutagenesis, Oncogenesis, Bioac-
cumulation.
PB87-180519/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Broad Scan Analysis of Human Adipose Tissue.
Volume 3. Semlvolatlle Organic Compounds. Final
rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
J. S. Stanley. Dec 86,164p EPA/560/5-86/037
Contracts EPA-68-02-4252, EPA-68-02-3938
See also PB87-180527. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic
Substances.
The U.S. EPA's Office of Toxic Substance (OTS) main-
tains a unique capability for monitoring human expo-
sure to potentially toxic substances through the Na-
tional Human Adipose Tissue Survey (NHATS). This
report deals specifically with the measurement of se-
mivolatile organic chemicals in composited adipose
tissue specimens from the FY82 NHATS repository.
Quantitative data for oraanochlorine pesticides, poly-
chlorinated buphenyls (PCBs), polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons, phthalate esters, and phosphate tries-
ters were determined for each composite. The fre-
quencies of detection for each of the compounds
based on the specific age group and census division
are detailed in the report. The feasibility of determining
other halogenated aromatic compounds using this
method was demonstrated through the analysis of
spiked adipose tissue samples.
Keywords: 'Scanning. 'Connective tissue, 'Organic
compounds, "Contaminants, Toxicology, Exposure,
Detection, Aromatic compounds, Tables(Data), "Adi-
pose tissue, NHATS(National Human Adipose Tissue
Survey).
PB87-180527/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Broad Scan Analysis of Human Adipose Tissue.
Volume 5. Trace Elements. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
J. S. Stanley, and R. A. Stockton. Dec 86,80p EPA/
560/5-86/039
Contracts EPA-68-02-4252, EPA-68-02-3938
See also Volume 3, PB87-180519, and Volume 1,
PB87-177218. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic Sub-
stances.
The U.S. EPA's Office of Toxic Substances (OTS)
maintains a unique capability for monitoring human ex-
posure to potentially toxic substances through the Na-
tional Human Adipose Tissue Survey (NHATS). This
report deals with the measurement of trace elements
in selected adipose tissue specimens from the FY82
NHATS repository. The analyses of nine selected adi-
pose tissue specimens from the FV82 NHATS reposi-
tory were completed using two multielement tech-
niques: inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission
spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and neutron activation analy-
sis (NAA). A total of 18 elements were detected using
the two techniques and the estimated tissue levels are
reported.
Keywords: "Scanning, "Connective tissue, 'Trace ele-
ments, Toxicology, Exposure, Detection, Spectrosco-
py, Neutron activation analysis, Tables(Data), 'Adi-
pose tissue, NHATS(National Human Adipose Tissue
Survey).
PB87-180SS0/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Development and Evaluation of a Real-Time pH
and Conductivity Rain Monitor. Final rept. for 1984-
86.
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R.J. Paur. Apr 87, 141p EPA/600/4-87/010
Contract EPA-68-02-4033
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Acidic wet deposition (acid rain) is thought to be re-
sponsible for a variety of deleterious effects on eco-
systems and on natural and man-made materials. De-
termining and quantitating these effects is complicated
by the fact that rain is a low ionic strength solution of
many different salts and organic compounds. The
report describes the features and performance of a
monitor that was designed to fractionate a rain event
into samples corresponding to 0.3 mm of rain, deter-
mine the pH and conductivity of the sample within ap-
proximately one minute of collection, and store the re-
mainder ol the sample tor more detailed analysis.
Keywords: "Rain gages, *pH meters, 'Conductivity,
Monitors, Air pollution, Chemical composition, Measur-
ing instruments, Sampling. "Acid rain.
PB87-180576/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Effect of Capillarity and Soli Structure on Flow in
Low Permeability Saturated Soils at Disposal Fa-
cilities. Rept. for Jun 83-Dec 85,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
F. O. Mixon, A. S. Damle, R. S. Truesdale, and C. C.
Allen. Apr 87,108p EPA/600/2-87/029
Contract EPA-68-03-3149
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Permit applications may be received which propose to
place hazardous waste land disposal facilities in a
saturated zone of low permeability (low-K) soils. This
report addresses only movement of the leachate after
release from the facility and does not consider those
factors relating to the containment afforded by the fa-
cility proper. Discussions include: (1) soil characteris-
tics and the influence soil-forming mechanisms have
on the types of heterogeneities and anisotropies to be
expected in low-K soils; (2) the roles played by the ten-
sion-saturated zone, anisotropies, and heterogeneities
in subsurface leachate movement; (3) the advantages
and disadvantages of various available computer
models to simulate leachate movement in the staturat-
ed, low-K anisotropic, and heterogeneous cases.
Keywords; 'Capillarity, "Soil structure, "Waste dispos-
al, "Leaching, Hazardous materials, Permeability,
Aquifers, Hydraulic conductivity, Heterogeneity, Ani-
sotropy, Computerized simulation.
PB87-180584/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Rocky Mountain Acid Deposition Model Assess-
ment; Review of Existing Mesoscale Models for
Use in Complex Terrain,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
R. E. Morris, and R. C. Kessler. Apr 87,469p EPA/
600/3-87/013
Contract EPA-68-02-4187
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
Existing mesoscale meteorological and acid deposi-
tion models are surveyed, reviewed, and evaluated for
potential application of a complex terrain region within
the Rocky Mountain region. The purpose of the review
is to choose meteorological and acid deposition mod-
ules that might be included in a mesoscale acid depo-
sition model for the Rocky Mountain region. This acid
deposition model would then be used by the western
regulatory agencies to estimate the amounts of acidic
deposition from proposed new sources at PSD class 1
and acid-sensitive areas.
Keywords: 'Meteorology, 'Model tests, 'Air pollution,
Terrain, Airborne wastes, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur,
'Acid rain, 'Rocky Mountain Region(United States),
'Complex terrain.
PB87-180592/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Surrogate Species Chemical Reaction Mechanism
for Urban-Scale Air Quality Simulation Models.
Volume 1. Adaptation of the Mechanism. Final
rept. Mar 86-Feb 87,
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., New-
bury Park, CA.
F. W. Lurmann, W. P. L. Carter, and L. A. Coyner. Apr
87, 211p EPA/600/3-87/014A
Contract EPA-68-02-4104
See also Volume 2, PB87-180600. Prepared in coop-
eration with California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air
Pollution Research Center. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
A surrogate species chemical mechanism has been
refined, evaluated, and adapted for use in air quality
simulation (AQS) models. The refined mechanism was
evaluated against data from 491 environmental cham-
ber experiments conducted in indoor and outdoor fa-
cilities. The results of the evaluation indicate that the
mechanism's predictions are qualitatively and quanti-
tatively consistent with data from a large number of
single organic-NOx and multi-organic-NOx experi-
ments. Subsequent to the testing of the mechanism,
versions of the mechanism were adapted for use in
single-cell models such as OZIPM/EKMA and multi-
cell AQS models. Guidelines for using these mecha-
nisms were also developed. The guidelines include
specifying procedures for assignments of individual or-
ganic species to the chemical classes in the mecha-
nisms and for selecting organic speciation profiles
when ambient data are not available. Volume I de-
scribes the adaptation of the mechanism for AQS use;
Volume II serves as the user's guide for implementing
the mechanism in OZIPM/EKMA or multi-cell AQS.
Keywords: "Air pollution, Atmospheric models, Nitro-
gen	oxides(N20),	Ozone,
Concentration(Composition), T ables(Data),
Graphs(Charts), "Air quality, "Chemical reaction
mechanisms.
PB87-180600/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Surrogate Species Chemical Reaction Mechanism
for Urban-Scale Air Quality Simulation Models.
Volume 2. Guidelines for Using the Mechanism.
Final rept. Mar 86-Feb 87,
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., New-
bury Park, CA.
F. W. Lurmann, W. P. L. Carter, and L. A. Coyner. Apr
87, 116p EPA/600/3-87/014B
Contract EPA-68-02-4104
See also Volume 1, PB87-180592, Prepared in coop-
eration with California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air
Pollution Research Center. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
A surrogate species chemical mechanism has been
refined, evaluated, and adapted for use in air quality
simulation (AQS) models. The refined mechanism was
evaluated against data from 491 environmental cham-
ber experiments conducted in indoor and outdoor fa-
cilities. The results of the evaluation indicate that the
mechanism's predictions are qualitatively and quanti-
tatively consistent with data from a large number of
single organic-NOx and multi-organic-NOx experi-
ments. Subsequent to the testing of the mechanism,
versions of the mechanism were adapted for use in
single-cell models such as OZIPM/EKMA and multi-
cell AQS models. Guidelines for using these mecha-
nisms were also developed. The guidelines include
specifying procedures for assignments of individual or-
ganic species to the chemical classes in the mecha-
nisms and for selecting organic speciation profiles
when ambient data are not available. Volume I de-
scribes the adaptation of the mechanism for AQS use;
Volume II serves as the user's guide for implementing
the mechanism in OZIPM/EKMA or multi-cell AQS.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Atmospheric models, Guide-
lines, Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition), Ni-
trogen oxides(N20), Ozone, Urban areas, "Air quality,
'Chemical reaction mechanisms.
PB87-180642/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Geographic Variation In the Onset of Decline of
Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality In the United
States. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. Wing, C. Hayes, G. Heiss, E. John, and M. Knowles.
C1986, 4p EPA/600/J-86/341
Pub. in American Jnl. of Public Health, v76 nl2 pl404-
1408 Dec 86. Prepared in cooperation with North
Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Public Health.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The report examines geographic variation in the onset
of the decline of ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality
in white males aged 35-74 during the period 1968-78.
Using a quadratic regression model, State Economic
Areas (SEAs) were classified as experiencing onset of
the decline in 1968 or earlier, 1969-72, or 1973 or later.
In the United States as a whole, approximately one-
third of SEAs experienced a late onset of the decline
(after 1968). Metropolitan SEAs were in advance of
non-metropolitan, and the Northeast and Pacific states
showed earlier onset than the South and midsections
of the country. The acceleration of the national decline
after 1972 appears to be due to declines in areas in
which rates had been increasing or in plateau until that
time. Evidence about geographjic variation in the onset
of decline may provide clues about social and environ-
mental factors responsible for the decline. (Copyright
(c) 1986 American Journal of Public Health.)
Keywords: 'Heart diseases, "Ischemia, Mortality, Vital
statistics, Statistical distributions, Regression analysis,
Socioeconomic status, Reprints, "Geographical distri-
bution, Health statistics, SEA(State Economic Area).
PB87-180659/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Combined Effects of Organic Reactivity and
NMHC/NOx Ratio on Photochemical Oxidant For-
mation - A Modeling Study. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
M. C. Dodge. 1984,11 p EPA/600/J-84/403
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v18 n8 p1657-1665
1984.
A modeling study was undertaken to assess the effect
of organic reactivity on photochemical oxidant forma-
tion. A six-component hydrocarbon model was devel-
oped and tested against data collected in a smog
chamber study of irradiated auto exhaust and oxides of
nitrogen (NO sub x) mixtures. The model was then ad-
justed to conditions that are closely approximated
those of the urban environment and used to assess
the relative reactivity of various organic constituents
present in an urban-like air mass. Twelve organics
were investigated in the study: ethane, propane, n-
butane, ethylene, propylene, trans-2-butene, toluene,
m-xylene, methanol, ethanol, formalehyde, and acetal-
dehyde. The findings of this study indicate that the re-
activity of organics depends strongly on the hydrocar-
bon-to-NO sub x ratio of the mix in which they are re-
acting. At low hydrocarbon-to-NO sub x ratios, the or-
ganics investigated in this study displayed significantly
different O sub 3-forming potentials. At high hydrocar-
bon-to-NO sub x ratios, however, all organics exhibited
comparable O to 3-forming potential.
Keywords: 'Reactivity, Photochemical reactions, Ex-
haust emissions, Smog, Air pollution control, Models,
Reprints, "Organic compounds, "Photochemical oxi-
dants.
PB87-180667/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Dispersion in Complex Terrain: A Summary of the
AMS (American Meteorological Society) Work-
shop Held in Keystone, Colorado, 17-20 May 1983
(Journal Version). Journal article,
American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA.
B. A. Egan, and F. A. Schiermeier. C1986,10p EPA/
600/J-86/347
Pub. in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Socie-
ty. v67 n10 p1240-1247 Oct 86. See also PB86-
122694. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric
Sciences Research Lab.
The article summarizes the contributions of partici-
pants attending a workshop convened under the direc-
tion of the AMS Steering Committee for the EPA Coop-
erative Agreement on Air Quality Modeling. The pur-
pose of the workshop was to address the status of our
understanding of dispersion in complex or mountain-
ous terrain settings, with a specific focus on the ability
of current technologies to predict air pollution concen-
trations in different terrain settings. (Copyright (c) 1986
American Meteorological Society.)
Keywords: "Mountains, "Air pollution, "Meetings,
Slope, Mathematical models, Wind velocity. Dispers-
ing, Terrain, Circulation, Convection, Reprints.
796 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB87-180675/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase as a Marker for Chemi-
cally Initiated Mouse Liver Tumors. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. E. Richmond, and M. A. Pereira. c1986, 9p EPA/
600/J-86/343
Pub. in Cancer Letters, v31 n2 p205-211 May 86. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Northern Kentucky Univ.,
Highland Heights.
The induction of an aldehyde dehydrogenase isozyme
(B-ALDH), which uses aromatic aldehydes such as
benzaldehyde as substrate and NADP as a cofactor
was examined in normal liver and tumors of B6C3F1
male mice. The tumors were induced by either 15 or 45
ppm diethylnitrosamine (DENA) in the drinking water
for 4 weeks. In some cases, the DENA treatment was
followed with 500 ppm phenobarbital (PB) in the drink-
ing water. DENA increased the percent of the mice
that showed B-ALDH activity in their livers 14 weeks
after termination of DENA treatment. The B-ALDH ac-
tivity was confined mainly in the centrilobular region.
Fifty weeks after the termination of the DENA treat-
ment the percent of animals with B-ALDH in their livers
was not different from control mice. However, a larger
number of the tumors exhibited B-ALDH activity.
These studies show that B-ALDH is a good histoche-
mical marker for mouse liver tumors and may be useful
as a marker for the effect of chemical carcinogens in
this species. (Copyright (c) 1986 Elsevier Scientific
Publishers Ireland Ltd.)
Keywords: "Aldehydes, "Dehydrogenation, "Liver
neoplasms. Markers, Benzaldehydes, Nitroso com-
pounds, Carcinogens, Phenobarbitol, Mice, Laboratory
animals, Potable water, Reprints,
DENA(Diethylnitrosamine).
PB87-180683/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
lodinatlon of Nutrients in the Presence of Chlo-
rine Based Disinfectants Used in Drinking Water
Treatment. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. P. Bercz, and R. Bawa. 1986,9p EPA/600/J-86/345
Pub. in Toxicology Letters, v34p141-147 Nov 86.
Under conditions simulating the gastrointestinal tract,
C102, HOC1, and NH2C1 caused covalent organifica-
tion of iodide to nutrient biochemicals. The extent of
binding seemed to be proportional to the EMF and
stoichiometry of the redox couple between iodide and
the oxidant. Almost half of seventy-one nutrients ex-
amined were found to bind reactive iodine. Iodide was
found to inhibit the quinoidal chromogen formation
from tyrosine and C102, demonstrating the preferen-
tial generation of reactive iodine in complex organic
mixtures. These findings indicate that ingestion of re-
sidual disinfectants via drinking water may pose a
health risk in terms of in vivo generation of iodinated
organics. Structure, formation, and biological activity of
these compounds are under study.
Keywords: "Iodine, "Chlorination, "Water treatment,
Simulation, Gastrointestinal system, Binding, Oxi-
dizers, Stoichiometry, Iodine organic compounds,
Risk, Public health, Chlorine oxides, Reprints, Drinking
water, Tyrosine.
PB87-180717/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Estimating Costs for Water Supply Distribution
Systems,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. G. Eilers. Apr 87,16p EPA/600/D-87/123
The issue of economic effects and the cost of water
supply is a continuing factor in implementing the Safe
Drinking Water Act. The cost of distributing water to
the final user after it has been treated is of growing
concern as well as its quality. There are a significant
number of distribution systems in the United States
that are deteriorating, which results in a potential
threat to the future quality of drinking water. Corrective
measures will directly influence the cost of providing
water. It would be quite useful to have a mechanism for
examining the economics of various alternative solu-
tions for handling problems affecting water quality
within the distribution system. A cost data base and as-
sociated computer program have been developed to
aid the design engineer in this type of analysis.
Keywords: "Distribution systems, "Water supply,
"Water treatment. Cost estimates, Water distribution!
Deterioration, Computer programming. Design, Civil
engineering, Replacing, Decision making, Public utili-
ties.
PB87-180725/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Acrolein on Macrophage Functions ki
Rats. Journal article,
NT Research Inst., Chicago, IL. Life Sciences Re-
search Div.
R. L. Sherwood, C. L. Leach, N. S. Hatoum, and C
Aranyi. c1986, 11 p EPA/600/J-86/344
Pub. in Toxicology Letters, v32 n41-49 1986. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 0.1,1.0, or
3.0 ppm acrolein or filtered air 6 h/day, 5 days/week
for 3 weeks. Rats were tested one day following the
last exposure and exhibited no change in pulmonary
clearance of inhaled (35)S-labeled Klebsiella pneu-
moniae at any acrolein concentration. Decreased
numbers of peritoneal cells were obtained from ex-
posed rats while the number of cells lavaged from the
lungs was unchanged. Macrophages of acrolein-ex-
posed rats had altered phagocytic and enzymatic pat-
terns as compared to macrophages from animate
breathing filtered air. However, these changes had no
apparent effect on macrophage killing of inhaled bac-
teria and were therefore probably not indicative of ex-
treme chemical toxicity. (Copyright (c) Elsevier Sci-
ence Publishers B.V. (Biomedical Division) 1986.)
Keywords: "Acroleins, "Respiratory diseases, Expo-
sure, Toxicity, Klebsiella, Enzymes, Phagocytes, Rats,
Laboratory animals, Reprints, "Macrophaghes.
PB87-1807S8/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Episodic Coincident Air Quality snd Precipitation
Measurements in an Urban Setting,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
A. A. N. Patrinos, and F. S. Binkowski. C1986,7p EPA/
600/D-87/115
Pub. in Jt. Conf. on Applic. of Air Poll. Meteorol.
(APCA/AMS) (5th), Chapel Hill, NC, November 18-21,
1986, p7-io. Prepared in cooperation with Brookhaven
National Lab., Upton, NY.
Coincident measurements of air quality and precipita-
tion chemistry showed small gradients for summer
showers in an urban area. For frontal cases the gradi-
ents were weak.
Keywords: "Precipitation(Meteorology), "Air pollution,
"Urban areas, Summer, Fronts(Meteorology), Meas^
urement, Reprints.
PB87-180782/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Genotoxic Properties of Haloacetonitrlles: Drink,
ing Water By-Products of Chlorine Disinfection,
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
F. B. Daniel, K. M. Schenck, J. K. Mattox, E. L. C. Lin
and D. L. Haas. 1986, 9p EPA/600/J-86/342
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, v6 n3
P447-453 Apr 86.
Chlorinated and brominated haloacetonitriles (HAIM)
known drinking water contaminants which form during
chlorine disinfection, were investigated for genotoxic
activity. The HAN produced DNA strand breaks in cul-
tured human lymphoblastic (CCRF-CEM) cells, bound
to the nucleophilic trapping agent 4-(p-nitrobenzyl) pyr.
idine and formed a covalent Bond to polyadenylic acid
in a cell-free reaction system. Thus, the authors have
demonstrated that these chemicals are genotoxic
which would indicate a potential for carcinogenic activ-
ity and for human health hazard.
Keywords: "Halogen organic compounds, "Acetont-
triles, "Chlorination, "Water treatment, Disinfection.
Public health, Bioassay, Carcinogens, Hazards, Toxica
ty. Humans, Cells(Biology), Exposure. Reprints, Drinkl
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-180790/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Carcinogenic Effects In A/J Mice of Particulate of
a Coal Tar Paint Used in Potable Water Systems.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. Robinson, R. D. Laurie, R. J. Bull, and J. A. Stober.
C1987, 8p EPA/600/J-87/008
Pub. in Cancer Letters, v34 p49-54 1987. Prepared in
cooperation with Washington State Univ., Pullman.
Coll. of Pharmacy.
Coal tar paints are among the products used as inside
coatings for water pipes and storage tanks to retard
corrosion in potable water supply systems. Four differ-
ent formulations of these paints were tested in earlier
work by this laboratory in the Ames mutagenesis and
the mouse skin carcinogenesis bioassays(6). The
paint most active in these assays was then tested in a
particulate form in the lung adenoma assay with A/J
mice. The paint was applied to clean glass plates,
cured, collected and homogenized in 2% Emulphor.
Doses of this coal tar suspension were administered
by gavage at 1.0, 10.0, and 55.0 mg in 0.2 ml per
mouse 3 x weekly for 8 weeks. The total doses of coal
tar paint were 24, 240, and 1320 ma/mouse.
Benzo(a)pyrene, administered in a parallel schedule to
a total dose of 6 mg/mouse, served as positive con-
trol. A negative control group received an equivalent
volume of 2% Emulphor. Animals were sacrificed at 9
months of age (8 months after first doss) and lung ad-
enomas counted. A dose-related response, in the av-
erage number of lung tumors per mouse, was ob-
served with the coal tar particulate. There were also
squamous cell tumors of the forestomach in 42% of
the mice receiving 55.0 mg coal tar paint per applica-
tion. (Copyright (c) 1987 Elsevier Scientific Publishers
Ireland Ltd.)
Keywords: "Carcinogens, "Coal tar, "Paints, "Potable
water, Coatings, Bioassay, Adenoma, Pulmonary neo-
plasms, Mice, Laboratory animals, Reprints.
PB87-180808/HSU	PC A02/MF AOt
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Predictive Model for the Accumulation of Cadmi-
um by Container-Grown Plants. Journal article.
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.
C. L. Browne, Y. M. Wong, and D. R. Buhler. C1984,8p
EPA/600/J-84/402
Grant EPA-R-805774
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality, v13 n2 p184-188
Apr/Jun 84. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Research into the dietary availability of Cd, a toxic
heavy metal, called for prediction of Cd accumulation
by edible crop species to be grown to maturity under
greenhouse conditions. Examination of the literature
revealed that Cd accumulation in plants grown under
greenhouse and oxic conditions could be generally de-
scribed, with high correlation, by the equation: log P =
alpha + Beta log Cd sub DTPA, where P is plant Cd
(micrometer/g Cd/g dry wt), Cd DTPA is the DTPA.
Keywords: "Containers, "Plant growth, "Cadmium, Ac-
cumulation, Mathematical models, pH, Soils, Regres-
sion analysis, Vegetable crops, Greenhouses, Lettuce,
Maturation, Reprints, "Spinacia oleeacea, Lettuca
sativa.
PB87-180816/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Shredded Rubber Tires as a Bulking Agent In
Sewage Sludge Composting. Journal article,
Rutgers - The State Univ., New Brunswick, NJ.
A J. Higgins, J. L. Suhr, M. S. Rahman, M. E. Singley,
and V. S. Rajput. c1986, 22p EPA/600/J-86/348
Grant EPA-R-810255-01
Pub. in Waste Management and Research, v4 p367-
386 1986. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research
Lab.
The study evaluated shredded rubber tires mixed with
raw primary sludge to determine the optimum particle
size and mix ratio for efficient composting. Of the three
sizes and mix ratios tested, the 1.27-2.54 cm size and
the rubber chip to sludge mix ratio of 2:1 were found to
be optimum. Anaerobically digested and secondary bi-
ological sludges were then composted with the opti-
mum size rubber chips. Due to their high moisture con-
tent and low C/N ratio, ail three sludges required a
moisture absorbing amendment and supplemental
carbon. Sawdust was tested and found to be a suitable
amendment. Heavy metal levels increased due to the
concentrating effect as organic matter was decom-
posed. Rubber chips contributed zinc and iron to the
finished compost. Although elevated after five cycles,
the increases in zinc and iron were not high enough to
limit the use of shredded rubber in composting sewage
sludge.
Keywords: "Elastomers, "Tires, "Sludge, "Composts,
Bulking, Particle size, Soil properties, Zinc, Iron, Mix-
tures,	Anaerobic	processes,
Digestion(Decomposition), Reprints, Heavy metals.
PB87-180931/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Removal of Humic Material by Conventional
Treatment and Carbon,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
B. W. Lykins, and R. M. Clark. Apr 87, 31 p EPA/600/D-
87/113
Disinfection byproducts are among those compounds
being considered for regulation under the Safe Drink-
ing water Act Amendments of 1986. One of the most
significant disinfection byproducts for those utilities
that use chlorine are total trihalomethanes (TTHMs).
Utilities may be forced to consider disinfectants other
than chlorine and to consider treatment modifications
that might include new options ranging from improved
conventional treatment to granular activated carbon
(SAC) adsorption. EPA's Drinking Water Research Di-
vision has collected extensive treatment data for re-
moval of organics including TTHM, their precursors,
Total Organic Carbon (TOC), and Total Organic Halide
(TOX) at several water utilities under actual operating
conditions. In these studies, GAC was used at some
sites to determine its ability to remove those organic
compounds present after conventional treatment.
Keywords: "Water treatment, "Humic acids, Disinfec-
tion, Byproducts, Activated carbon treatment, Organic
compounds, Potable water, Chlorination, *TTHM(Total
Trihalomethane), GAC(Granular Activated Carbon).
PB87-180972/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Silicate and Phosphate Compounds
for Corrosion Control,
Missouri Univ.-Columbia.
S. K. Banerii, J. E. Bauman, and J. T. O'Connor. Apr
87, 145p EPA/600/2-87/031
Grant EPA-R-809759
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Various dosages of selected silicate and phosphate
compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit
corrosion of cast iron, copper, lead, and galvanized
steel specimens in drinking water. The compounds se-
lected for study were zinc polyphosphate (Calgon C-
39), zinc orthophosphate (Virchem V-931), sodium me-
tasilicate, and glassy silicate. The effectiveness of
these compounds for corrosion inhibition were studied
under different water quality conditions using gravime-
tric and electrochemical corrosion tests. Study results
indicate that some corrosion inhibitors provide better
protection for some metallic systems tha others.
Keywords: "Corrosion prevention, "Water distribution.
Pipelines, Water quality, Electrochemical corrosion,
Gravimetric analysis, Hardness tests, Alkalinity,
Metals, Zinc polyphosphate, Zinc orthophosphate,
Sodium metasilicate, Glassy silicate.
PB87-181053/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Modern Continuous Samplers for Volatile Organ-
ics and Inorganic Gases,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
W. A. McClenny, and R. J. Paur. Apr 87,24p EPA/600/
0-87/125
The manuscript discusses EPA methods development
in two areas: VOC monitoring and monitoring of dry de-
positon components. Whole air collection over periods
of up to one day in specially prepared stainless steel
canisters is beginning to be used routinely for volatile
organic compounds (VOCs), although the use of solid
adsorbents like Tenax is still the primary means for col-
lection. Selective accumulation of target species in in-
creasingly concentrated form as sampling time in-
creases, as for collection of ambient particulate
matter, or for capture of target gases on a specially
prepared surface, is being used for sampling dry depo-
sition components over periods of up to one week. The
average value of the slope of the linear regression of
Tenax mean versus canister mean was 0.95, while
slope values for individual compounds varied from
0.80 + or - 0.06 to 1.10 + or - 0.17. Similar outdoor air
study results showed a significant deterior ation in
agreement. Currently three versions of dry deposition
samplers are being compared and evaluated. These
are the filter pack, transition flow reactor, and the an-
nular denuder system. Results from EMSL comparison
studies during the fall of 1986 show surprisingly good
agreement among all three.
Keywords: "Gas detectors, "Inorganic compounds,
Contaminants, Concentration(Composition), Gases,
"Air pollution sampling, "Volatile organic compounds.
PB87-181079/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Detection of Aneuploldy by a Monochromosomal
Hybrid Cell Assay,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
S. S. Sandhu, and R. S. Athwal. Apr 87,13p EPA/600/
D-87/127
Contract EPA-68-02-4456
Prepared in cooperation with New Jersey Medical
School, Newark. Dept. of Microbiology.
A short-term assay utilizing human/mouse monochro-
mosomal hybrid cells to detect chemically-induced an-
euploidy in mammalian cells is described. A single
human chromosome transferred into mouse cells was
used as a cytogenetic marker to quantitate abnormal
chromosome segregation following chemical treat-
ment. The human chromosome present in the mouse
cells can be readily identified by differential staining
procedures. The frequency of cells containing 0 or 2
human chromosomes in the progeny of chemically-
treated monochromosomal hybrid cells provided a
direct measure of aneuploidy. Researchers tested the
sensitivity of the proposed system with three model
chemicals (colcemid, cyclophosphamide, and beno-
myl) known to induce numerical or structural changes
in chromosomes. The frequency of an abnormal seg-
regation of the human chromosome was found to be
dose dependent and consistently higher than controls.
The system has the capability to detect gain as well as
loss of a chromosome resulting from nondisjunction or
other mechanisms leading to aneuploidy.
Keywords:	"Chromosomes,	"Bioassay,
Cultures(Biology), Hybridization, Mitosis, Cytology,
Hazardous materials, Mice, "Aneuploidy, Colcemid,
Benomyl, Cyclophosphamide.
PB87-181087/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Removal of Alachlor from Drinking Water,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. J. Miltner, C. A. Fronk, and T. F. Speth. Apr 87,12p
EPA/600/D-87/124
Alachlor (Lasso) is a pre-emergent herbicide used in
the production of corn and soybeans. U.S. EPA has
studied control of alachlor in drinking water treatment
processes to define treatability before setting maxi-
mum contaminant levels and to assist water utilities in
selecting control processes. Control can be achieved
with activated carbon adsorption. The choice of granu-
lar or powdered carbon will be site specific depending
on source water quality and water quality goals. Ozon-
ation and reverse osmosis are effective control proc-
esses. After further study, they may be found to be
cost-competitive alternatives to adsorption. Aeration,
clarification, filtration, softening and oxidation with
chlorine, chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide and po-
tassium permanganate will not provide control of
alachlor under water-treatment plant conditions.
Keywords: "Herbicides, "Potable water, "Activated
carbon	treatment,	Adsorption,
Concentration(Composition), Public utilities. Removal,
Granular materials, Powder(Particles), Cost effective-
ness, Ozonation, Alachlor, Drinking water, Reverse os-
mosis.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-181095/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
STORS: Battelle-Northwest's Sludge to Oil Reac-
tor System,
Battelle Memorial Inst., Richland, WA.
P. Molton, A. Fassbender, and M. Brown. C1986, 10p
EPA/600/D-87/122
Grant EPA-R-810690
Pub. in Proceedings of the National Conference on
Municipal Treatment Plant Sludge Management, Or-
lando, FL„ May 28-30 1986, p272-278. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
A continuous primary sewage sludge thermochemical
conversion system was designed, built, and operated
for over 100 hr during 1984 at Battelle-Northwest. This
was designated as the STORS (Sludge-to-Oil-Reactor
System), because the major product was a burnable
oil. Starting with 20% solids primary sludge, mixed with
5% by weight of sodium carbonate and heated to 300
C, products obtained included a pourable oil, a char
containing most of the inorganic materials, some gas,
and an aqueous phase containing most of the inorgan-
ic materials, some gas, and an aqueous phase con-
taining dissolved organics and salts. The oil and char
under certain conditions separated spontaneously
from the aqueous phase. The energy recovery in burn-
able products reached 73% of the initial energy in the
wet sludge, the oil having the highest energy density
with approximately 90% of the heating value of diesel
fuel.
Keywords: "Thermochemistry, 'Sludge disposal,
Chemical reactors, Design, Oils, Sodium carbonate,
Heating, Gases, Energy, Recovery, Fuels, Sludge to oil
reactor system.
PB87-181137/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Acid Precipitation on Plant Diseases,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. Dept. of Plant
Pathology.
R. I. Bruck, and S. R. Shafer. c1984, 17p EPA/600/D-
87/121
Pub. in Direct and Indirect Effects of Acidic Deposition
on Vegetation, Acid Precipitation Series, v5 p19-32
1984. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
Most plant diseases consist of delicate interactions
between higher plants and microorganisms. Acidic
precipitation represents an environmental stress that
has been shown to affect expected development of
some diseases and similar phenomena under experi-
mental conditions. From the perspective of the 'dis-
ease triangle' framework, this impact may be ex-
pressed through increased plant susceptibility, de-
creased plant susceptibility through altered metabolic
pathways, decreased pathogen activity or increased
pathogenicity. Aerial plant parts are directly exposed
to rainfall and the potential influence of acidic precipi-
tation on pathogen and diseases of above ground tis-
sues seems obvious. However, soilborne pathogens
and root diseases may also be significantly altered by
short-term acidification of the soil solution resulting
from acid deposition, or by gradual changes in bulk soil
chemical characteristics over a long period of time.
Keywords: "Acidification, "Plant diseases, "Farm
crops. Susceptibility, Environmental impacts,
Stress(Physiology), Exposure, Rainfall, Interactions,
Microorganisms, Deterioration, Plant tissues, Reprints,
Acid precipitation.
PB87-181236/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
National Air Pollutant Emission Estimates, 1940-
1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park NC Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jan 87, 79p EPA/450/4-86/018
See also report for 1940-1984, PB86-121100.
The report presents estimates of trends in nationwide
air pollutant emissions for the six major pollutants:
sulfur oxides, particulates, carbon monoxide, volatile
orqanic compounds, nitrogen oxides, and lead. Esti-
mates are broken down according to maior types of air
pollutant sources. A short analysis of emission trends
is given, along with a discussion of methods used to
develop the data.
Keywords:	"Air	pollution,	Trends,
Concentration(Composition), Sources, Particles,
Sulfur oxides, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Ex-
haust emissions, Combustion products, Tables(Data),
"Emission factors. Stationary sources, Volatile organic
compounds.
PB87-181301/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Carbaryl: Decision Document.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 80, 85p EPA/540/09-87/163
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Pesticides,
"Toxicology, Toxicity, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory
animals, Exposure, Physiological effects, Regulations,
Rodenticides,	Agricultural	products,
Concentration(Composition), Insecticides, "Toxic sub-
stances, "Carbaryl, "Health risks, Pesticide residues,
Path of pollutants, Mutagenesis, Carbamic acid/N-
methyl-(naphthyl-ester), Oncogenesis, Bioaccumula-
tion, CAS 63-25-2, Environmental fate.
PB87-181319/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Alachlor: Special Review Technical Support Docu-
ment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 86, 161 p* EPA/540/09-87/156
See also report dated 31 Dec 84, PB86-118221.
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Pesticides,
"Toxicology, "Hazardous materials, Toxicity, Resi-
dues, Ecology, Laboratory animals, Exposure, Physio-
logical effects, Regulations, Agricultural products,
Farm crops, Concentration(Composition), Herbicides,
"Toxic substances, "Lasso, "Health risks, Pesticide
residues, Path of pollutants, Mutagenesis, Alachlor,
Oncogenesis, Bioaccumulation, CAS 15972-60-8.
PB87-181327/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Inorganic Arsenicals (Non-Wood Use): Position
Document 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
18 Oct 78,261 p EPA/540/09-87/165
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Pesticides,
"Toxicology, "Arsenic inorganic compounds, Toxicity.
Residues, Ecology, Laboratory animals, Exposure,
Physicological effects, Regulations, Chemistry, Public
health, "Toxic substances, Health risks, Pesticide resi-
dues, Path of pollutants, Mutagenesis, Oncogenesis,
Bioaccumulation, CAS.
PB87-181335/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Dichlorvos: Decision Document.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Sep 82, 61 p' EPA/540/09-87/160
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
"Toxicology, Toxicity, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory
animals, Exposure, Physiological effects, Regulations,
Chemical properties, Insecticides, Phosphorous or-
ganic compounds, "Toxic substances, "Dichlorvos,
Health risks, Pesticide residues. Path of pollutants]
Mutagenesis, Phosphate/dichlorovinyl-dimethyl, On-
cogenesis, Bioaccumulation, CAS 62-73-7.
PB87-181343/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Dimethoate: Position Document 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jan 78, 59p* EPA/540/09-87/158
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154, Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Pesticides,
"Toxicology, Toxicity, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory
animals, Exposure, Physiological effects, Regulations,
Chemical properties, Physical properties, Insecticides!
Sulfur organic compounds, "Dimethoate, "Toxic sub-
stances, Phosphorodithioic acid/(dimethyl-ester)-(N-
methyl-carbamoyl-methyl), Health risks, Pesticide resi-
dues, Path of pollutants, Mutagenesis, Oncogenesis,
Bioaccumulation, CAS 60-51-5.
PB87-181350/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Ethylene Bisdlthlocarbamates: Decision Docu-
ment. Final Resolution of Rebuttable Presumption
Against Registration.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
14 Oct 82,147p EPA/540/09-87/164
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Pesticides
"Toxicology, Toxicity, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory
animals. Exposure, Physiological effects, Regulations,
Carbamates, "Toxic substances, "Carbamic acid/
bis(dithio)-ethylene, Health risks, Pesticide residues
Path of pollutants, Mutagenesis, Oncogenesis, Bioac-
cumulation.
PB87-181368/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Dibromochloropropane (DBCP): Position Docu-
ment 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Pesticide Programs.
22 Sep 77, 27p* EPA/540/09-87/159
See also PB80-213853.
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use ol
products containing the subject active ingredient may
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
'Toxicology, Toxicity, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory
animals, Exposure, Physiological effects, Regulations,
Fungicides, Chlorine aliphatic compounds, Bromine al-
iphatic compounds, 'Propane/chloro-dibromo, 'Toxic
substances, Bioaccumulation, Health risks, Pesticide
residues, Path of pollutants, Mutagenesis, Oncogene-
sis, Bioaccumulation, CAS 96-12-8.
PB87-181376/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Cadmium: Position Document 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Oct 77,46p* EPA/540/09-87/157
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
'Toxicology, 'Cadmium, Toxicity, Residues, Ecology,
Laboratory animals, Exposure, Physiological effects,
Regulations, Manufacturing, Hazards, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Health risks, Pesticide residues, Path of pol-
lutants, Mutagenesis, Oncogenesis, Bioaccumulation,
CAS.
PB87-181384/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
2,4,5-Trlchlorophenoxyacetlc Acid/Silvex: Posi-
tion Document 4.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1979, 48p* EPA/540/09-87/161
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
•Toxicology, Toxicity, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory
animals. Exposure, Physiological effects, Regulations,
Chlorine aromatic compounds, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Concentration(Composition), *T 2-4-5 herbi-
cide, 'Toxic substances, Acetic acid/trichlorophen-
oxy, Health risks, Pesticide residues. Path of pollut-
ants, Mutagenesis, Oncogenesis, Bioaccumulation,
CAS 35915-18-5.
PB87-181392/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Paraquat: Decision Document.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1 Jul 82, 57p* EPA/540/09-87/162
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, "Pesticides,
•Toxicology, Toxicity, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory
animals, Exposure, Physiological effects. Regulations,
Manufacturing, Chemical properties. Herbicides, Agri-
cultural products, 'Toxic substances, "Paraquat,
Health risks, Pesticide residues, Path of pollutants,
Mutagenesis, Acetic acid/mercaptophenyl. Oncogen-
esis, Bioaccumulation.
PB87-181400/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Cyanazine: Special Review Technical Support
Document.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
29 Dec 86, 99p* EPA/540/09-87/155
See also report dated Apr 85, PB87-117982.
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Pesticides,
"Toxicology, Toxicity, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory
animals, Exposure, Physiological effects, Regulations,
Manufacturing, Nitrogen heterocyclics with 3N, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Herbicides, Public health,
"Toxic substances, "Cyanazine, Health risks. Pesti-
cide residues, Path of pollutants, Mutagenesis, Propio-
nitrile/(chloro-ethylamino-triazinylamino)-methyl.
PB87-181418/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Brown and Caldwell, Portland, OR.
Model Statewide Compliance Strategy Incorporat-
ing the Composite Correction Program (CCP)
Concept. Final rept. May 81-Apr 83,
Colorado Dept. of Health, Denver.
J. R. Schultz, B. A. Hegg, C. S. Zickefoose, and F.
Matter. Apr 87,136p EPA/600/2-87/030
Prepared in cooperation with M and I, Inc., Fort Collins,
CO. Sponsored by Brown and Caldwell, Portland, OR.,
and Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
A Composite Correction Program (CCP) identifies
causes of performance problems at publicly owned
treatment works (POTWs), addresses systematically
and in order of priority of impact on plant capability,
and describes solutions to problems. The objectives of
a CCP are to improve performance and bring noncom-
plying POTWs into compliance. The purpose of the
study was to demonstrate the use of the CCP concept
on a statewide basis to improve compliance and to de-
velop criteria to incorporate the CCP concept into the
State of Colorado's municipal compliance enforce-
ment strategy. Sixteen plants were selected for on-site
plant evaluations and five 'limited'; i.e., minor design
modifications not involving major construction; CCPs
were conducted at those facilities which showed the
most application. Performance was improved during
four of the five CCPs and during three of the other
eleven comprehensive evaluations.
Keywords: "Performance evaluation, 'Sewage treat-
ment, "Municipalities, Design, Construction, Water pol-
lution control, Policies, Law enforcement, Interviews.
PB87-181426/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Aspects of Surface Water Supplies,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
G. F. Craun. Apr 87,34p EPA/600/D-87/126
Current EPA regulations are insufficient to prevent the
waterborne transmission of disease, as waterborne
outbreaks have occurred in systems which have not
exceeded current regulation for coliforms and turbidity.
Waterborne outbreaks reported in surface water sys-
tems provide data which support the need for pretreat-
ment and filtration of surface waters in addition to dis-
infection. This treatment is required to ensure the re-
moval and inactivation of waterborne pathogens, es-
pecially protozoa such as Giardia and Cryptospori-
dium. Disinfection ol drinking water will likely continue
in the United States as the final barrier against water-
borne disease. The concerns over the human health
effects which may be associated with long-term expo-
sures to chlorine or chlorinated by-products may re-
quire changes in disinfection techniques or use of dis-
infectants other than chlorine. However, additional
health research data are required before decisions can
be made on changes in current disinfection tech-
niques.
Keywords: "Surface waters, "Health, Diseases, Trans-
mission, Water treatment, Water quality, Disinfection,
Protozoal diseases, Potable water, Chlorine, Microor-
ganism control(Water), Waterborne, Pathogens.
PB87-181434/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Absorption of Inhaled Reactive Gases,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.
J. H. Overton, and F. J. Miller. Apr 87,63p EPA/600/
D-87/128
In inhalation toxicology, an important concept involves
the determination of dose as a major component for
providing a perspective to judge the applicability of var-
ious toxicological results to human exposure condi-
tions. This chapter reviewed some of the biological,
physical, and chemical factors that affect dose and
that must be understood to interpret experimental toxi-
cological data and to develop theoretical dosimetry
models. Dosimetry experiments involving laboratory
animals and humans were briefly discussed, showing
the variability in uptake according to the reactive gas,
animal species, and respiratory tract region. The re-
sults of theoretical dosimetry models were illustrated
showing the effects on predictions due to different
inter- and intraspecies LRT anatomical models, due to
different TB liquid lining thicknesses, and due to the
chemical rate constant of the liquid lining of the TB
region.
Keywords: "Gases, "Toxicity, Respiration,
Absorption(Biology), Dosimetry, Exposure, Reactivity,
Toxic tolerances, Physiological effects, 'Reactive
gases, Uptake.
PB87-181582/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Acidification on Stream Ecosystems.
Journal article,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing.
T. M. Burton, R. M. Stanford, and J. W. Allan. c1982,
30p EPA/600/D-87/120
Pub. in Acid Precipitation: Effects on Ecological Sys-
tems, p209-235 Mar 82. Sponsored by Corvallis Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., OR.
The purpose of the paper is to summarize known ef-
fects of acid precipitation on stream ecosystems, with
emphasis on the Great Lakes region. Unfortunately,
very little research has been conducted on streams in
much of the Great Lakes region. Thus, data will be uti-
lized from other regions of the United States as well as
from Norway, Sweden, and elsewhere; from laboratory
studies on effects of pH on biota; and from our own re-
search on effects of pH on soft water streams in Michi-
gan to summarized probable effects on stream eco-
systems within the region.
Keywords: "Acidification, "Ecology, "Streams, Great
Lakes, Toxicity, Metals, pH, Benthos, United States,
Norway, Plants(Botany), Leaching, Losses, Weather-
ing, Aluminum, Electric power plants, Sulfates, Sulfuric
acids, Nitric acid, Inorganic nitrates, Reprints, "Acid
precipitation.
PB87-181590/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Cost Models for Small Systems Technologies:
U.S. Experience,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. M. Clark, J. Q. Adams, and R. G. Eilers. Apr 87,12p
EPA/600/ D-87 /119
The objective of water treatment is to provide safe and
aesthetically acceptable water to customers in suffi-
cient quantities at reasonable costs. These problems
are amplified in small communities that have insuffi-
cient money or qualified personnel to construct and
operate a water treatment facility. Costs of construc-
tion and operation for water treatment are a major con-
sideration in selecting treatment alternatives. The
Drinking Water Research Division of EPA has devel-
oped a series of cost curves that simulate the cost of
water treatment processes. This paper contains a
series of cost curves that can be used to estimate con-
struction and operation and maintenance costs for a
selected set of water treatment unit processes.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, "Cost estimates,
Models, Operating costs, Maintenance, Cost analysis.
Construction costs. Expenses, Tables(Data).
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-181871/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Waterborne Giardiasis in the United States 1965-
1984. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
G. F. Craun. 1986, 4p EPA/600/J-86/201
Pub. in The Lancet, ii(8585) p513-514, 30 Aug 86.
Ninety waterborne outbreaks and 23,776 cases of
giardiasis have been reported in the United States
through 1984. Approximately 69% of the outbreaks
and 74% of the cases occurred in community water
systems. Most outbreaks (57%) and cases (52%) re-
sulted from the use of contaminated surface water
which had not been treated or had been treated only
by simple chlorination. Fifteen outbreaks (17%) and
7,440 cases (31%) were associated with operational
problems on inadequate design of water filtration
plants. A small but significant (15%) number of cases
of giardiasis resulted from outbreaks caused by con-
tamination of water mains through cross-connections,
damage of mains, and repair of mains.
Keywords: "Giardiasis, Infectious diseases, Gastroin-
testinal diseases, Water pollution, Water supply, Dis-
ease vectors, Diarrhea, Reprints.
PB87-181939/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation
(SITE) Strategy and Program Plan.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Dec 86, 57p EPA/540/G-86/001, OSWER-9380.2-3
Concern over the ability to fully characterize contami-
nation at sites and the long-term reliability of contain-
ment technologies used for cleanup actions at Super-
fund sites is receiving much attention. At present, re-
medial actions usually consist of moving wastes to
land disposal sites (which themselves may become
Superfund candidates) or containing the waste in the
ground onsite. In some cases, hazardous substances
continue to be released to the environment. In re-
sponse to these concerns regarding both character-
ization of sites and reliability technologies, the public
and Congress are demanding that innovative and al-
ternative technologies be used to effect permanent
cleanups.
Keywords: "Pollution, "Waste disposal, "Hazardous
materials, Containment, Sites, Contaminants, Technol-
ogy innovation, Government policies. Evaluation, "En-
vironmental issues, Superfund, Land disposal. Super-
fund Innovative Technology Innovation.
PB87-182226/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Compound 1080, Sodium Monofluoroacetate: Po-
sition Document 2/3.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jun 83,116p EPA/540/09-87/166
See also report dated Jul 85, PB87-116471.
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, "Pesticides,
"Toxicology, Toxicity, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory
animals, Exposure, Physiological effects, Regulations,
Fluorine organic compounds, Rodenticides, "Toxic
substances, "Compound 1080, Health risks, Pesticide
residues, Path of pollutants. Mutagenesis, Oncogene-
sis, Bioaccumulation, CAS, Acetic acid/fluoro-
(sodium-salt).
PB87-182234/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Strychnine: Position Document 4.
Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Sep 83, 65p* EPA/540/09-87/167
See also PB81-123960.
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Pesticides,
'Toxicology, 'Strychnine, Toxicity, Residues, Ecology,
Laboratory animals, Exposure, Physiological effects,
Regulations, Chemical properties, Fumigation, Physi-
cal properties, "Toxic substances, Benefits, Health
risks, Pesticide residues, Path of pollutants, Mutagene-
sis, Oncogenesis, Bioaccumulation.
PB87-182291/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Background Document on Bottom Liner Perform-
ance in Double-Lined Landfills and Surface Im-
poundments. Final rept.,
NUS Corp., Gaithersburg, MD.
R. Bonaparte, J. F. Beech, and J. P. Giroud. Apr 87,
329p EPA/530/SW-87/013
Contract EPA-68-01-7310
Prepared in cooperation with GeoServices, Inc., Boyn-
ton Beach, FL. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The background document presents and discusses in
detail the data on performance of bottom liners for
hazardous waste landfills and surface impoundments
and discusses in detail as described in the 'Notice of
availability of information and request for comments'
published in the Federal Register on April 17, 1987
(12566-12575). The document presents data compar-
ing the performance of compacted soil and composite
bottom liners with respect to: (1) leachate collection
efficiency; (2) leak detection capability; and, (3) leak-
age both into and out of the bottom liner. The docu-
ment contains a significant bibliography of literature re-
lated to the performance of liners.
Keywords: "Linings, "Earth fills, "Hazardous materials,
Performance, "Hazardous wastes, "Surface impound-
ments, Land disposal, Leak detection.
PB87-182614/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Characterization of Long-Term Toxic Emissions
from Municipal Sludge Incineration - Project Plans
and Status. Research rept. 1 May 86-6 Apr 87,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. M. Dykes, K. W. Barnett, M. A. Palazzolo, and H. E.
Bostian. Apr 87,11p EPA/600/D-87/131
Contracts EPA-68-02-3994, EPA-68-01-6999
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Emissions testing is to be conducted on four municipal
sludge incinerators over longer periods of time than
normal. Three multiple hearths and one fluid bed are to
be included and testing is scheduled during April, May,
and June 1987. Measurements are planned over the
short term under smooth compliance testing type con-
ditions and over longer times in order to include typical
varying conditions, variations that might be encoun-
tered include startup, shutdown, temperature excur-
sions, feed rate changes, and downtime during mainte-
nance on part of the dewatering system. Metals and
organics are both of interest, including products of in-
complete combustion. Closing of material balances is
desired where possible. The comparisons between
short-term and long-term operation could point the
way to more realistic testing and regulating of sludge
incineration in the future.
Keywords: "Emission, "Incinerators, "Sludge, Fluid-
ized bed processors, Combustion products, Regula-
tions, Tests, Waste water, Sewage treatment, Clean
Water Act.
PB87-182630/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
National Surface Water Survey: Western Lake
Survey-Phase 1 (Synoptic Chemistry) Field Oper-
ations Report,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
M. B. Bonoff, and A. W. Groeger. Apr 87, 30p EPA/
600/8-87/018
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The Western Lake Survey-Phase I was conducted
during the fall of 1985 as a synoptic chemical survey to
characterize lakes located in regions of the western
and northwestern United States thought to be poten-
tially susceptible to the effects of acidic deposition.
The Western lake Survey is part of Phase I of the Na-
tional Surface Water Survey which is designed to
assess the problem of acidic deposition on a national
scale. The document describes the planning and exe-
cution of the Western Lake Survey-Phase I field sam-
pling and field laboratory operations.
Keywords: "Acidification, "Lakes, "Water pollution,
"Air pollution, Surveys, Field tests. Laboratories, Sam-
pling, Depth, Transparence, Stratification, pH, Inorgan-
ic nitrate, Inorganic sulfates, Helicopters, Montana,
Colorado, Nevada, Washington(State), Acid precipita-
tion.
PB87-182648/HSU	PC A02/MF Ml
FGD (Flue Gas Desulfurlzatlon), SCR (Selectlve-
Catalytlc-Reductlon) Gain Coal-Fired-Boller Expe-
rience in Japan. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. Ando, and C. B. Sedman. C1987,6p EPA/600/J-87/
014
Pub. in Power, v131 n2 p33-36 Feb 87. Prepared in co-
operation with Chuo Univ., Tokyo (Japan).
The paper discusses flue gas sulfur dioxide (S02) and
nitrogen oxide (NOx) control technology in Japan,
where success in reducing S02 and NOx emissions in
recent years has been quite remarkable considering
Japan's economic growth and the increased role of
coal in Japanese energy production. Yearly S02 emis-
sions in Japan were reduced from from 5 million tons in
1967 to 1.2 million tons in 1985, while NOx emissions
were reduced from 2 million tons in 1973 to 1.3 million
tons in 1985. Conversely, Japanese energy use in-
creased from about 3.0 x 10 to the 15th power kcal in
1970 to 4.0 x 10 to the 15th power kcal in 1985, during
which time coal has become increasingly important.
Fuel coal imports, which began in 1977, reached 20
million tons in 1985, and are expected to increase to
50 million tons by 1990. (Copyright (c) Power, February
1Q07V	*
Keywords: "Flue gases, "Japan, Sulfur oxides, Nitro-
gen oxides, Coal, Combustion, Air pollution, Emis-
sions, Reprints, "Pollution control.
PB87-1826SS/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparison of Electrostatic Precipitator Perform-
ance with Pulse and DC Energization,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
L. E. Sparks, G. H. Ramsey, and R. E! Valentine. Oct
81, 23p EPA/600/D-87/134
Presented at International Conference on Electrostatic
Precipitation, Monterey, CA., 15 Oct 81.
The paper compares electrostatic precipitator (ESP)
performance with pulse and direct current (dc) energi-
zation. Pulse power for ESPs has been offered as a
possible solution to the problems associated with col-
lecting dust with high electrical resistivity in ESPs. Data
have been presented to show a dramatic improvement
in ESP performance for pulse vs. dc power supply, in
addition to pilot plant tests, EPA participated in a field
evaluation of pulse energization of a hot-side ESP. Re-
sults of these experiments are discussed in the paper
along with an economic analysis of pulse power. '
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, 'Electro-
static precipitators, "Pulse modulation, "Direct current
Dust, Particles, Electrical resistivity, Performance eval-
uation, "Air pollution control, "Pulse generators, Par-
ticulates, Stationary sources.
PB87-182663/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Latx
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Silica-Enhanced Sorbents for Dry Injection Re-
moval of S02 from Flue Gas. Rept. tor Sep 86-Mar
87,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
W, Jozewicz, J. C. S. Chang, C. B. Sedman, and T, G.
Brna. Apr 87, 29p* EPA/600/D-87/135
Contract EPA-68-02-3988
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper gives results of tests of novel silica-en-
hanced lime sorbents in a bench-scale sand-bed reac-
tor for their potential for S02 removal from flue gas.
Reactor conditions were: 64 C, relative humidity 60%
(corresponding to an approach to saturation tempera-
ture of 10C), and inlet S02 concentration 500 or 1000
ppm. The sorbents were prepared by pressure hydra-
tion of CaO or Ca(OH)2 with siliceous materials at 100-
230 C(101-2793 kPa) for from 15 min. to 4 h. The opti-
mum temperature range lor the pressure hydration of
flyash with Ca(OH)2 was 110-160 C. The pressure hy-
dration of diatomaceous earth with CaO did not offer
significant reactivity advantages over atmospheric hy-
dration; however, the rate of enhancement of Ca(OH)2
conversions was much faster with pressure hydration.
SEM and x-ray diffraction studies showed solids of dif-
ferent morphology with different flyash/lime ratios and
changing conditions of pressure hydration.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide, "Flue
gases, "Sorbents, Absorbers(Materials),
Concentration(Composition), 'Silica dioxide, Dry injec-
tion, Stationary sources.
PB87-182671/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Calcium-Based Sorbents in the LIMB (Limestone
Injection Multistage Burner) Process,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
D. A. Kirchgessner, R. V. Hendriks, and N. Kaplan. Apr
87, 32p EPA/600/D-87/136
The paper discusses EPA research on dry sorbent in-
jection, which began in the late 1960s and early 1970s,
and which will be demonstrated as the limestone injec-
tion multistage burner (LIMB) process at Ohio Edison's
Edgewater plant in 1987. The effect and interrelation-
ship of fundamental sorbent properties are now fairly
well understood. These considerations, along with
pilot-scale furnace testing, suggest that commercial
calcium hydroxide will be the sorbent of choice for the
demonstration. Ongoing research at EPA is focused
on the modification of commercial sorbents to make
them more reactive with S02. The effects of sorbent
injection on boiler efficiency, particulate collection, and
solid waste handling and disposal have been studied,
and negative effects can apparently be remedied by
available techniques.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Sorbents, 'Injection, Sulfur
dioxide, Calcium hydroxides, Calcium carbonates,
Coal, Flue gases, Boilers. 'Air pollution control,
"LIMBfLimestone Injection Multistage Burners), Sta-
tionary sources.
PB87-182689/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Development of a Database Characterizing U.S.
Coal Reserves by Their Sulfur Reduction Potential
Through Physical Coal Cleaning. Final rept. May
85-Oct 86,
Science Applications International Corp., Norristown,
PA.
C Minnucci, B. S. Resnick, A. J. Herhal, and J. W.
Jones. Apr 87,19p EPA/600/D-87/137
Contracts EPA-68-02-3694, EPA-68-02-3893
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper describes a database that merges the U.S.
Demonstrated Reserve Base (DRB) with estimates of
the S02 reduction attainable through physical coal
cleaning of the DRB coals. The DRB is subdivided into
roughly 38,000 separate reserve blocks, each of which
is characterized as to its raw quality and S02 reduction
potential under various physical coal cleaning scenar-
ios. The methodology and data sources used in devel-
oping the database are presented. The paper focuses
on the coal cleaning model used to develop the S02
reduction and the methodology used to merge these
estimates with the DRB. State-level potential S02 re-
duction and cost estimates obtained by processing the
database are presented.
Keywords: "Coal preparation, "Cleaning, "Desulfuriza-
tion, "Data storage, Sulfur dioxide, Reserves, Pollu-
tion, Mathematical models, Computer applications,
"Data bases, Stationary sources, Pollution control.
PB87-182697/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Modeling Ozone Absorption In the Lower Respira-
tory Tract,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. H. Overton, and F. J. Miller. Apr 87,19p EPA/600/
D-87/129
A dosimetry simulation model has been developed for
predicting the local absorption of ozone (03) in the
lower respiratory tract (LRT) of animals and man. The
model takes into account species LRT anatomy and
ventilatory characteristics, transport in the lumen and
air spaces, loss of 03 to the liquid lining, and transport
and chemical reactions in the liquid lining and underly-
ing tissues and capillaries. Basic biological concepts
and the mathematical formulation of the model are
briefly outlined and the results of several investigations
presented. Predicted values of LRT uptake are com-
pared to experimental 03 uptake data in humans,
showing good agreement over the range of experi-
mental tidal volumes and breathing frequencies. The
effect of airway path distance on centriacinar ozone
dose is explored; large variations in dose for the first
alveolated ducts in a rat are predicted. Human and rat
generational doses versus generation are plotted to-
gether for comparison; the curves demonstrate a re-
markable similarity with regards to shape and struc-
ture.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Dosimetry, "Respiratory system,
Respiration, Absorption, Simulation Mathematical
models, Alveoli pulmonis, Toxicology.
PB87-182705/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
State Changes of Laboratory Microecosystems in
Response to Chemicals from Three Structural
Groups,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. D. Yount, and L. J. Shannon. Apr 87, 28p EPA/600/
D-87/132
Supersedes PB87-116638. Prepared in cooperation
with Minnesota Univ.-Duluth. Dept. of Biology.
Generic mixed-flask culture microecosystems derived
Irom small lake and pond planktonic communities
were used to evaluate the effects of selected alcohols,
aniline derivatives, and aromatic amides on pH and
dissolved oxygen: ecosystem-level state variables
which reflect energy flow and nutrient cycling process-
es within the systems. Using changes in these varia-
bles as indicators of effect, the relative toxicity rank-
ings of compounds within each group were determined
and compared with the toxicity rankings established by
fathead minnow acute toxicity.
Keywords: "Plankton, "Ecology, "Lakes, Toxicity, Nu-
trients, Alcohols, Minnows, Tolerances(Physiology),
Mortality, Amides, Microecosystems.
PB87-182713/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Measurement of Toxic Air Pollutants. Proceedings
of the 1986 EPA/APCA (Environmental Protection
Agency/Air Pollution Control Association) Sym-
posium Held at Raleigh, North Carolina on April
27-30,1986.
Air Pollution Control Association, Pittsburgh, PA.
Apr 86,920p* APCA/PUB/VIP-7, EPA/600/9-86/013
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The technical program consisted of 95 presentations,
held in ten separate technical sessions, on recent ad-
vances in the measurement and monitoring of toxic
and other contaminants found in ambient and source
atmospheres. Presentations included: (1) Measure-
ment of Indoor Toxic Air Contaminants; (2) Measure-
ment of Semi-Volatile and Volatile Organic Pollutants
in Ambient Air; (3) Chemometrics and Environmental
Data Analysis; (4) Acidic Deposition - Nitrogen Spe-
cies Methods Comparison Study; (5) Measurement of
Hazardous Waste Emissions; (8) Measurement of
Wood Stove Emissions; (7) Source Monitoring; and (8)
General Papers Related to Quality Assurance and Par-
ticulate Measurements.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Meetings,
Concentration(Composition), Contaminants, Nitrogen
oxides, Exposure, Toxic air pollutants, Air pollution
sampling, Volatile organic compounds.
PB87-182804/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Analytical Techniques for Polyelectrolytes in
Wastewater: A Review,
Battelle Columbus Div., OH.
G. B. Wickramanayake. B. W. Vigon, and R. Clark. Apr
87, 30p EPA/600/D-87/130
Contract EPA-68-03-3248
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Interest has been increasing regarding development of
methods for the analysis of water soluble polyelectro-
lytes at trace levels in wastewater effluents and ambi-
ent waters. To that end a literature search was under-
taken. The effort resulted in a total of 22 polyelectro-
lyte analytical procedures which were assigned to one
of 11 method categories. Among the methods identi-
fied during the study, nephelometry/turbidimetry,
spectrophotometry, spectrofluorometry, luminescence
titration and pyrolysis gas chromatography appear to
meet or approach a number of the desired criteria for
polyelectrolyte analysis in wastewaters.
Keywords: "Polyelectrolytes, "Waste water, "Chemi-
cal analysis, "Water analysis, Turbidimeters, Spectro-
Shotometry, Luminescence, Gas chromatography,
yrolysis, Nephelometers, Titration.
PB87-182820/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Natural Gradient Experiment on Solute Transport
in a Sand Aquifer. 4. Sorption of Organic Solutes
and Its Influence on Mobility. Journal article,
Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
G. P. Curtis, P. V. Roberts, and M. Reinhard. C1986,
11 p EPA/600/J-86/331
Grant EPA-R-808851
Pub. in Water Resources Research, v22 n13 p2059-
2067 Dec 86. See also PB87-182838. Sponsored by
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab.. Ada,
OK.
Laboratory investigations were conducted to deter-
mine whether the observed field retardation of bromo-
form, carbon tetrachloride, tetrachloroethylene, 1,2-
dlchlorobenzene, and hexachloroethane at the Borden
field site could be explained by the linear, reversible,
equilibrium sorption model. The five halogenated or-
ganic solutes, which have octanol-water partition coef-
ficients ranging from 200 to 4000, were the same as
those used in the field study. The sorbent, a medium
sand containing 0.02% organic carbon, was excavat-
ed 11.5 m from the experimental well field at the
Borden site. Sorption isotherms were linear in the
aqueous concentration range from 1 to 50 microg/L
and could be described by a single distribution coeffi-
cient K sub d. (Copyright (c) 1986 by the American
Geophysical Union.)
Keywords: "Solutes, "Organic compounds, "Aquifers,
"Water pollution, Hazardous materials, Carbon tetra-
chloride, Tetrachloroethylene, Bromoform, Chloroben-
zenes, Chloroethanes, Sorption, Sampling, Retarding
Mathematical models, Reprints.
PB87-182838/HSU	PC A02/MF AQ1
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Natural Gradient Experiment on Solute Transport
in a Sand Aquifer. 3. Retardation Estimates and
Mass Balances for Organic Solutes. Journal article,
Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
P. V. Roberts, M. N. Goltz, and D. M. Mackay. C1986,
14p EPA/600/J-86/330
Grant EPA-R-808851
Pub. in Water Resources Research, v22 n13 p2047-
2058 Dec 86. See also PB87-176665. Sponsored by
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada.
OK.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The long-term behavior of five organic solutes during
transport over a period of 2 years in ground water
under natural gradient conditions was characterized
quantitatively by means of moment estimates. Total
mass was conserved for two of the organic com-
pounds, carbon tetrachloride and tetrachloroethylene,
while the total mass declined for three other com-
pounds, bromoform, 1,2 -dichlorobenzene, and hexa-
chloroethane. The declines in mass for the latter three
compounds are interpreted as evidence of transforma-
tion of the compounds. Retardation factors for the or-
ganic solutes, relative to chloride, ranged from 1.5 to
9.0, being generally greater for the more strongly hy-
drophobic compounds. The retardation is attributed to
sorption. (Copyright (c) 1986 by the American Geo-
physical Union.)
Keywords: "Organic compounds, 'Solutes, "Aquifers,
"Water pollution, Hazardous materials, Ground water,
Carbon tetrachloride, Tetrachloroethylene, Bromo-
form, Chlorodienzenes, Chloroethanes, Sorption,
Sampling, Chlorides, Retarding, Reprints.
PB87-182879/HSU	CP T02
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
(NAPAP) Utility Reference File, 1980: Electric Utili-
ty Data Base. Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. D. Mobley. 1980, mag tape* EPA/600/7-86/056B,
EPA/DF/MT-87/013
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products if you have questions. Price
includes documentation, PB87-182887.
The focus of emission inventory activities within the
National Acid Precipitation Program (NAPAP) is to esti-
mate emissions of pollutants of concern to the acid
deposition phenomenon. Electric utilities emit a large
share of total acid deposition precursor emissions. The
purpose of the study was to produce a 1980 utility data
base that met the needs of NAPAP task groups for util-
ity data. Special emphasis was placed on meeting data
needs of atmospheric modelers, emissions forecast-
ers, and policy analysts. The product of the analysis,
the NAPAP Utility Reference File, now serves as the
source of emissions data for the 1980 NAPAP emis-
sion inventory It also serves as the source of operat-
ing and economic data for utility simulation models.
Because both fossil and non-fossil units are included,
the total number of units is more than 11,000. Utility
NOx and S02 emission estimates made using NAPAP
Utility Reference file data for 1980. Six data files are in-
cluded on the tape: four NAPAP update files and both
the existing and announced Unit Inventory files. These
are derivative files of the NAPAP Reference Utility
Files (NURF). These files contain 1980-based electric
utility related unit-level data. The NAPAP update files
include corrected and added data on all electric utility
generating units, fuel specific emission data, stack pa-
rameter data, and announced or coal-converting units.
The existing Unit Inventory contains unit-specific data
on larger generating units and aggregated information
on smaller ones: the announced Unit Inventory con-
tains data on those units coming on-line or planned for
coal conversion data after 1980.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Air pollution control, 'Electric
power plants, Air pollution, Magnetic tapes, Nitrogen
oxides, Sulfur dioxide, Sources, Forecasting, Trends,
Precipitation(Meteorology), "Acid precipitation, "Acid
rain, NAPAP program, Stationary sources, Emission
factors, Fossil-fuel power plants, Database.
PB87-182B87/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
(NAPAP) Utility Reference File, 1980. Final rept.
Jan 85-Oct 86,
Pechan (E.H.) and Associates, Inc., Springfield, VA.
E H Pechan, J. H. Wilson, and K. K, Graves. Dec 86,
157p" EPA/DF/MT-87/013A,, EPA/600/7-86/056A
Contract EPA-68-02-4070	n
For system on magnetic tape, see PB87-182879.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of a study to produce a 1980
utilitv data base that meets the needs of National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP) task
groups for utility data. (NOTE: The focus of emission
inventory activities within NAPAP is to estimate emis-
sions of pollutants of concern to the acid deposition
phenomenon. Electric utilities emit a large share of
total acid deposition precursor emissions.) Special em-
phasis was placed on meeting data needs of atmos-
pheric modelers, emission forecasters, and policy ana-
lysts. The product of the analysis, the NAPAP Utility
Reference File (NURF), now serves as the source of
emissions data for the 1980 NAPAP emission invento-
ry. It also serves as the source of operating and eco-
nomic data for utility simulation models. Because both
fossil and non-fossil units are included, the total
number of units is more than 11,000. Utility NOx and
S02 emission estimates made using NURF data for
1980 are 6.5 million and 17.5 million tons, respectively.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Electric power
plants, Air pollution, Mathematical models, Nitrogen
oxides, Sulfur dioxide, Precipitation(Meteorology),
Sources, Forecasting, Trends, 'Acid precipitation,
"Acid rain, NAPAP program, Stationary sources, Emis-
sion factors, Fossil-fuel power plants.
PB87-183125/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Oct 86, 186p* EPA/540/1-86/060, OSWER
DIRECTIVE 9285.4-1
The Superfund Public Health Evaluation Manual has
been developed for use by a diverse audience, includ-
ing EPA regional staff, state Superfund program staff,
federal and state remedial contractors, and potentially
responsible parties. Individuals having different levels
of scientific training and experience are likely to use
the manual in designing, conducting, and reviewing
public health evaluations. Because assumptions and
judgements are required in many parts of the analysis,
the individuals conducting the evaluation are key ele-
ments in the process. The manual is not intended for
use by non-technical personnel to perform technical
evaluations, nor to allow professionals trained in one
discipline to perform the work of another. Rather, it is
the responsibility of remedial project managers, using
the manual as a guide, to match the scientific support
they deem necessary with the appropriate resources
at their disposal.
Keywords: 'Public health, Manuals, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), Toxicol-
ogy, State government, 'Superfund program, Pollution
control, Environmental fate, Environmental transport.
PB87-183133/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Superfund Federal-Lead Remedial Project Man-
agement Handbook. Final rept.,
Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., Bethesda, MD.
S. Hooper. Dec 86, 204p* EPA/540/G-87/001,,
OSWER DIRECTIVE-9355.1-1
Contract EPA-68-01-6888
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response.
The handbook defines the roles and responsibilities of
the Remedial Project Officer (RPM) with regard to Fed-
eral-lead remedial projects at uncontrolled hazardous
waste sites. It also discusses project management
techniques and the resources available to the HPM for
accomplishing his mission.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), Waste disposal. Sites sur-
veys, State government, Federal government, 'Super-
fund program, 'Hazardous waste sites, 'Remedial ac-
tions, 'Waste management, Solid wastes, Liquid
wastes.
PB87-183141/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Superfund State-Lead Remedial Project Manage-
ment Handbook. Final rept.,
Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., Bethesda, MD.
B. Winter. Dec 86,131p* EPA/540/G-87/002,,
OSWER DIRECTIVE-9355.2-1
Contract EPA-68-01-6888
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response.
The handbook defines the roles and responsibilities of
the Remedial Project Officer (RPM) with regard to
State-lead remedial projects at uncontrolled hazard-
ous waste sites. It also discusses project management
techniques and the resources available to the RPM for
accomplishing his mission.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), Waste disposal, Sites sur-
veys, State government, Federal government, "Super-
fund program, "Hazardous waste sites, 'Remedial ac-
tions, 'Waste management, Solid wastes, Liquid
wastes.
PB87-183406/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Use and Disposal of Nonbiodegradable Plastics In
the Marine and Great Lakes Environments. Final
rept.,
Center for Environmental Education, Washington, DC.
S. ludicello, and K.J. O'Hara. 10 Nov 86,152p* EPA/
560/1-87/010
Contract EPA-68-02-4228
Prepared in cooperation with Life Systems, Inc., Cleve-
land, OH. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic Substances.
The objectives of the report are to identify and exam-
ine existing control authorities concerning the use and
disposal of nondegradable plastics in the marine envi-
ronment and prepare a report that provides: A summa-
ry of existing data on the means, nature and extent of
damage to the marine environment from the use and
disposal of nondegradable plastics. Expert identifica-
tion and review of all U.S. and international treaties
and authorities applicable to the use and disposal of
nondegradable plastics in the marine environment.
Expert identification and review of current and future
program plans of international, rational, state and local
entities as they respond to the use and disposal of
nondegradable plastics in the marine environment.
Keywords: 'Plastics, 'Waste disposal, 'Great Lakes,
'Oceans, Legislation, Degradation, Treaties, Damage,
International Taw, Seals(Mammals), State government,
Local government, Fisheries, Marine terminals, Debris!
Buoys, Packaging materials, North Pacific Ocean!
Bands. Sheets, Nondegradation.
PB87-183414/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Preliminary Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission
Factors for Selected Air Toxic Compounds,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
A. A. Pope. Apr 87,65p EPA/450/4-86/010A
See also PB86-138086.
The report presents emission factors for selected air
toxic compounds, and it associates the emission fac-
tors to levels of source activity. The majority of the
emission factors in the report was previously present-
ed in Appendix H of the EPA report, Compiling Air
Toxic Emission Inventories, EPA-450/4-86-010. Ap-
pendix H was updated to include emission factors for
ethylene oxide and chlorobenzenes. The emission fac-
tors were compiled primarily in two series of EPA re-
ports, Locating and Estimating Air Emissions From
Sources Of (Substance) and Survey of (Substance)
Emission Sources. The purpose of the report is to offer
a technical service to air pollution control agencies in
performing preliminary estimates of air toxics emis-
sions. The emission factors are preliminary, and they
are not intended to provide exact estimates of re-
leases of air toxics from specific facilities.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Hazardous materi-
als, State government, Local government, 'Emission
factors, 'Toxic substances.
PB87-183695/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC
Office of Solid Waste.
Guidance Manual on Hazardous Waste Land
Treatment Closure/Post-Closure, 40 CFR Part
265. Final rept.,
Utah State Univ., Logan. Dept. of Civil and Environ-
mental Engineering.
R. Sims, and J. Sims. Apr 87, 46p*
Contract EPA-68-01-7266
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agencv
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The guidance manual addresses closure/post-closure
of hazardous waste land treatment (HWLT) units under
40 CFR Part 265 Subpart G and Section 265.280 of
Subpart M. The manual specifically addresses five
areas: (1) general information on HWLT and methods
of closure; (2) objectives of closure and post-closure;
(3) factors affecting closure and post-closure; (4)
methods for addressing closure and post-closure
based on migration potential; and (5) management
during closure and post-closure.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Closures, Waste
disposal, Guidance, Manuals, 'Hazardous wastes,
'Land treatment, 'Post closures, Waste management.
PB87-183778/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstration of Pesticide
Products Containing Aldrin as the Active Ingredi-
ent
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Dec 86,135p EPA/540/RS-87/025
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Aldrin, Guidelines, Genetics,
Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Regulations,
Standards, Ecology, Toxicology, Agricultural products,
Manufacturing, Specifications, Public health, 'Reregis-
tration, 'Toxic substances, Federal Insecticide Fungi-
cide and Bodenticide Act, CAS 298-00-0.
PB87-183786/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Westline Site, McKean County, Pennsylvania, July
1986. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
4 Sep 86, 48p EPA/ROD/R03-86/024
The Westline Site is located in Westline, Lafayette
Township, McKean County, Pennsylvania. Beginning
in 1901, the Day Chemical Company converted lumber
into charcoal, methanol, and acetic acid. Several tar-
like deposits from the wood chemical processing oper-
ations remain onsite. During the initial EPA site inspec-
tion in July of 1982, a sample of waste material was
collected from tar seepage and analyzed for priority
pollutants. Eighteen tentatively identified compounds
were detected. In March 1986, a second wood tar
sample was collected to verify the presence or ab-
sence of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH).
The primary contaminants of concern include phenol,
2,4-dimethylphenol, PAH compounds. The selected
remedial action for this site includes: excavation of all
wood tar deposits and subsequent hauling of these
wastes to a permitted offsite facility; backfilling of the
excavated areas with clean soil and vegetation; incin-
eration of excavated deposits with a high heating value
and low ash content technique; ground water verifica-
tion study; air monitoring.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Industrial wastes, 'Con-
taminants, Ground water, Aromatic polycyclic hydro-
carbons, Phenols, Pollution, Environmental tests,
Pennsylvania, Soil water, Ecology, 'Superfund, Envi-
ronmental monitoring, Westline Site(Pennsylvania),
Lafayette(Pennsylvania).
PB87-183794/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Florence Land Recontourlng (FLR) Landfill, Flor-
ence, Mansfield, and Springfield, New Jersey,
June 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
27 Jun 86,156p EPA/ROD/R02-86/024
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Florence Land Recontourlng (FLR) Landfill is a
60-acre site located on Cedar Lane Extension in the
Townships of Florence, Mansfield, and Springfield in
Burlington County, New Jersey. The site consists of a
29-acre landfill, two lagoons, a pond and two tanks
and is located in a combined residential-agricultural
area. The landfill was operated as a solid waste dis-
posal facility and was permitted to accept sanitary and
non-chemical industrial wastes, however, 95 tons of
hazardous waste consisting of phthalates, heavy
metals and vinyl chloride monomers had been found
disposed at the site. Elevated levels of hazardous sub-
stance have been discovered in soils and groundwater
within the landfill. The remedial alternative includes
construction of a synthetic membrane and clay com-
posite cap, a circumferential soil/bentonite slurry con-
tainment wall, an upgradient ground water interceptor
system and a new stormwater management system;
leachate treatment and disposal of lagoon liquids and
sediments, construction of a partial fence with warning
signs; and supplemental sampling of ground water,
surface water and sediments during design. The esti-
mated capital cost for the selected remedy is
$8,021,000 with annual O&M costs of $170,000.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Lagoons(Ponds), De-
contamination, Ponds, Tanks(Containers), Hazardous
materials, Phthalates, Pollution, New Jersey, 'Sanitary
landfills, 'Remedial action, Superfund, EPA region 2,
Burlington County(New Jersey).
PB87-183802/HSU	PC A11 /MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1): In-
dustri-Plex, Woburn, Massachusetts, September
1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 86,238p EPA/ROD/R01 -86/020
The Industri-plex site is a 245-acre industrial park lo-
cated in Woburn, Massachusetts. Various manufactur-
ing facilities operated on the site from 1853 to 1968.
The presence of hazardous substances was detected
in 1979. Portions of stockpiled wastes sloughed off, re-
leasing hydrogen sulfide gases to the atmosphere and
toxic metals and solids to the pond and wetlands.
Large areas of the contaminated soils are exposed at
the surface thereby allowing individuals and animals to
come in direct contact with arsenic, chromium and
lead. Other contaminants of concern include benzene
and toluene. The selected remedial alternatives for
this site were recommended and are included in this
report.
Keywords: 'Contaminants, 'Ground water, 'Pollution,
Hazardous materials, Ecology, Toxicity, Exposure,
Metals, Toluene, Benzene, Massachusetts, Sludge
disposal, Industriplex(Massachusetts), Superfund.
PB87-184578/HSU	PC A23/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Superfund Treatment Technologies: A Vendor In-
ventory.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Sep 86,540p EPA/540/2-86/004(F)
Contract EPA-68-01-7053
Prepared in cooperation with Camp, Dresser and
McKee, Inc., Boston, MA. Sponsored by Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response.
The document was designed to provide Superfund site
managers, engineers and planners with the current in-
formation on the capability and availability of mobile
treatment units for Superfund waste. Increased use of
these systems is becoming necessary as alternatives
to land disposal are emphasized. The document con-
tains descriptions and technical information on mobile
treatment units currently available or being built. This
information was obtained from those companies
known to have, or be in the process of developing,
mobile treatment units. Mobile units under develop-
ment were reviewed if pilot-scale units were operating,
or if the system would be commercially available in two
to four months (six to eight months for thermal units).
Additional companies may be added to the document
periodically as new information becomes available.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Superfund programs,
'Land disposal.
PB87-184669/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) Emissions
from Volatile Organic Liquid Storage Tanks-Back-
round Information for Promulgated Standards.
inal environmental impact statement,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
J. R. Farmer. Jan 87,77p EPA/450/3-81 /003B
See also PB84-237320.
Standards of Performance for the control of VOC
emissions from Volatile Organic Liquid (VOL) storage
tanks are being promulgated under the authority of
Section 111 of the Clean Air Act. These standards
would apply to all new and existing storage tanks
having a capacity of 75 cubic meters or larger, which
are to be used for the storage of VOL. The document
contains a summary of the public comments on the
proposed revised standards and the EPA's responses,
as well as summary economic and environmental
impact statements.
Keywords: "Environmental impact statements-Final,
'Storage tanks, 'Standards, Vapor pressure, Crude
oil, Petroleum industry, Chemical industry, Air pollution
control, 'Volatile organic compounds, 'Fugitive emis-
sions, Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977.
PB87-184677/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Colony Formation Enhancement of Rat Tracheal
and Nasal Epithelial Cells by Polyacetate, Indole
Alkaloid, and Phorbol Ester Tumor Promoters.
Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. J. Mass, J. A. Lasley, C. M. Marr, J. T. Arnold, and V.
E. Steele. C1987, 5p EPA/600/J-87/009
Pub. in Carcinogenesis, v8 n1 p179-l81 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The phorbol ester 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-ace-
tate (TPA), teleocidin, and two polyacetate tumor pro-
moters (aplysiatoxin and debromoaplysiatoxin) have
been tested for their effect on colony forming efficien-
cy (CFE) of rat tracheal and nasal turbinate epithelial
cells. In rat tracheal epithelial (RTE) cells, all four com-
pounds stimulated colony formation by up to eight-fold
using picomolar concentrations of aplysiatoxin and te-
leocidin, whereas TPA and debromoaplysiatoxin were
effective in the nanomolar range. In addition, teleocidin
and the other promoters increased the number of cells
in colonies by 3-5 fold resulting in larger colonies, most
notably above concentrations that maximally stimulat-
ed CFE, In contrast, rat nasal epithelial cells were only
marginally stimulated by these tumor promoters to
form colonies. The results indicate that there is region-
al specificity in responses to tumor promoters and RTE
cells can act as very sensitive biological indicators of
the presence of these three classes of tumor promot-
ers with diverse structure. (Copyright (c) Carcinogene-
sis vol. 8 no. 1 p. 179-181,1987.)
Keywords: 'Carcinogens, 'Epithelium, 'Trachea,
'Nose(Anatomy), Rats, Laboratory animals, Neo-
plasms, Reprints, 'Tumor promoters, 'Colony forming
units, Polyacetate, Indole alkaloid, Phorbol ester.
PB87-184685/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
1,2-Dibromoethane Causes Rat Hepatic ON A
Damage at Low Doses. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
K. T. Kitchin, and J. L. Brown. 1986,8p EPA/600/J-
86/349
Pub. in Biochemical and Biophysical Research Com-
munications, v141 n2p723-727A, 15 Dec 86.
Two oral administrations of 1,2-dibromoethane to adult
female rats at doses above 10 micromoles/kg (1.9
mg/kg) caused DNA damage as determined by the al-
kaline elution technique. Far greater doses (300 micro-
moles/kg, 56.4 mg/kg) of 1,2-dibromoethane were re-
quired to cause other hepatic biochemical effects,
such as increased activity of ornithine decarboxylase.
In the dose range of 10-300 micromoles/kg, no in-
crease in the activity of serum enzyme alanine trans-
aminase (SGPT) was observed. Of the six organs stud-
ied, liver showed the largest amount of DNA damage.
Thus, the carcinogen 1,2-dibromoethane caused sub-
stantial DNA damage at doses far below those re-
quired to show other biochemical effects or frank liver
toxicity.
Keywords: 'Dosage, Toxicity, Liver diseases, Sol-
vents, Genetics, Rats, Carcinogens, Alpha amino car-
boxylic acids, Glutathione, Cytochromes, Reprints,
'Dibromoethane, Halogenated hydrocarbons, Muta-
gens, SGPT(Serum Alanine Transaminase).
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-184693/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Removal of the Cytolytic Factor of 'Ba-
cillus thuringlensis' Subsp. 'Israelensis' on Mos-
quito Toxicity. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
G. A. Held, V. S. Huang, and C. Y. Kawanishi. 1986,8p
EPA/600/J-86/350
Pub. in Biochemical and Biophysical Research Com-
munications, v141 n3 p937-941,30 Dec 86.
Solubilized crystal protein of Bacillus thuringiensis
subsp. israelensis was fractionated by affinity chromo-
tography using a monoclonal antibody directed against
the crystal's 28 kDa peptide. The 28 kDa peptide ws
found to be relatively nontoxic to mosquito larvae al-
though it does contain the hemolytic activity of the
crystals. The crystal protein fraction depleted of the 29
kDa peptide was found to be nonhemolytic and to
retain nearly full toxicity to mosquito larvae. These re-
sults suggest that the 28 kDa peptide is not required
for the toxicity of solubilized crystal protein.
Keywords: 'Culicidae, Peptides, Toxicity, Larvae, Pes-
ticides, Proteins, Hemolysis, Bioassay, Reprints, 'Ba-
cillus thuringiensis israelensis, Monoclonal antibodies.
PB87-184719/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab
Influence of Buffer Capacity, Chlorine Residual,
and Flow Rate on Corrosion of Mild Steel and
Copper. Journal article,
Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc., Gaines-
ville, FL.
R. A. Pisigan, and J. E. Singley. c1987,12p EPA/600/
J-87/011
Grant EPA-R-805400
Pub. in Jnl. of American Water Works Association, v79
n2 p62-70 Feb 87. Prepared in cooperation with Mont-
gomery (James M.), Inc., Gainesville, FL. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
The corrosion rates of mild steel decreased as buffer
capacity was increased with pH at constant alkalinity.
The corrosion-promoting effect of ionic strength, how-
ever, appeared to predominate over the buffer action
in water systems with relatively high total dissolved
solids and chloride levels. The enhanced corrosion of
mild steel and copper due to a free chlorine residual
was related to the strong oxidation potentials of hypo-
chlorous acid and hypochlorite ions. Corrosion rates
were faster with higher flow rates, but other hydraulic
and environmental factors also need to be considered
when corrosivities are compared.
Keywords: "Corrosion, "Steels, 'Copper,
*Buffers(Chemistry), 'Water treatment, Chlorine, pH,
Alkalinity, Chlorides, Flow rate, Water distribution, Dis-
tribution systems, Oxidation tests, Hypochlorites,
Comparison, Reprints.
PB87-184727/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Corrosion Monitoring and Control in the Pacific
Northwest. Journal article,
Washington Univ., Seattle.
S. H. Reiber, J. F. Ferguson, and M. M Benjamin.
C1987, 7p EPA/600/J-87/010
Pub. in Jnl. of American Water Works Association, v79
n2 p71-74 Feb 87. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
An 18-month monitoring program evaluated the rela-
tionship between copper plumbing corrosion and vari-
ations in delivered water quality in several communi-
ties in the Pacific Northwest. Significant relationships
were found for copper corrosion rate dependence on
pH and free chlorine residual. Regression analysis pro-
vided a statistical means of identifying the important
predictors of copper corrosion rates in low mineral
waters.
Keywords: "Corrosion, "Copper. 'Water pollution,
Plumbing. Monitoring, pH, Chlorine, Residues, Regres-
sion analysis, Cost effectiveness, Conductivity, Meas-
urement, Rates(Per time), Reprints, Pacific Northwest
Region.
804 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB87-184735/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Effects of Short-Term Changes in Water Quality
on Copper and Zinc Corrosion Rates. Journal arti-
cle,
Washington Univ., Seattle.
A. Stone, D. Spyridakis, M. Banjamin, J. Ferguson, and
S. Reiber. c1987,11p EPA/600/J-87/012
Pub. in Jnl of American Water Works Association, v79
n2 p75-82 Feb 87. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
In the study, the linear polarization technique was used
to evaluate changes in the corrosion rates of copper
and zinc surfaces in response to short-term changes in
water quality. The analytical technique can be applied
wherever uniform corrosion, as opposed to pitting, is
occurring. The parameters investigated included tem-
perature, pH, dissolved oxygen, chlorine residual, flow,
and conductivity. All the parameters except flow rate
affected copper corrosion rates. Conductivity, dis-
solved oxygen, chlorine residual, and temperature af-
fected zinc corrosion rates. Reproducible corrosion
rates were obtained within a few minutes of the
changes in water quality.
Keywords: 'Copper, 'Corrosion, 'Water pollution,
Zinc, Polarization, Pitting, Temperature, pH, Oxygen,
Dissolved gases, Chlorine, Conductivity, Reprints.
PB87-184743/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Design Information Report: Anaerobic Digester
Mixing Systems. Journal article.
Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Wakefield, MA.
C1987, 11p EPA/600/J-87/014
Contract EPA-68-03-3208
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Pollution Control Federation, v59
n3 p162-170 Mar 87. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering
Research Lab.
The design information report discusses the current
problems and potential solutions associated with the
selection, design, and operation of anaerobic digester
mixing systems. The report describes the four major
types of mixing systems and presents their advan-
tages and disadvantages. The commonly used design
parameters for mixing systems are discussed, and
problems causes, and remedial measures in the areas
of equipment, operation, and design considerations of
mixing systems are presented.
Keywords: 'Mixing, 'Digestion(Decomposition), "An-
aerobic processes, 'Digesters, Design, Selection,
Constraints, Evaluation, Sludge, Grit, Assessments,
Screenings, Materials handling, Pumping, Stirring, Gas
injection, Corrosion, Reprints.
PB87-184826/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstration of Pesticide
Products Containing Prometryn as the Active In-
gredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
20 Mar 87,128p EPA/540/RS-87/169
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the position and conclusions contained in the stand-
ard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels. Hazardous materials. Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, Ecology,
Manufacturing, Toxicology, Herbicides, Farm crops,
"Reregistration, "Toxic substances, "Prometryn, Tria-
zine/bis(isopropylamino)-methylthio, Federal Insecti-
cide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, CAS 7287-19-6.
PB87-184834/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstration of Pesticide
Products Containing Dichlobenil as the Active In-
gredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Pesticide Programs.
23 Mar 87,138p EPA/540/RS-87/168
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, Ecology,
Manufacturing, Toxicology, Benzonitrile, Herbicides)
"Reregistration, "Toxic substances, "Dichlobenil, Berv
zonitrile/dichloro, Federal Insecticide Fungicide and
Rodenticide Act, CAS 1194-65-6.
PB87-184925/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Handbook for the Review of Excess Emission fte-
orts. Final rept.,
ngineering-Science, Fairfax, VA.
P. Quarles, and J. W. Peeler. May 86,92p* EPA/340/
1-86/011
Contract EPA-68-02-3960
Prepared in cooperation with Quarles (Perrin) Associ-
ates, Inc., Charlottesville, VA., and Entropy Environ-
mentalists, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards.
The 'Handbook for the Review of Excess Emission Re-
ports' provides specific information and recommenda-
tions on procedures to review and analyze opacity and
SO(2) excess emission reports (EER's) by air pollution
agencies. Chapter I presents basic information on the
EER review process recommended by EPA. Chapters
II and III provide more detailed instructions on how to
review and summarize opacity and S0(2) EER's re-
spectively. The handbook includes detailed explana-
tions of reason categories for exceedances and CEMS
downtime which have been recommended for use by
EPA for summarizing EER data. The handbook is de-
signed to provide detailed instructions to the inexperi-
enced reviewer. However, summaries of the recom-
mended review steps and EER review forms may be
useful to experienced reviewers. The illustrations and
example EER review procedures are based on EER's
from large fossil fuel fired boilers subject to EPA regu-
lation under 40 C.F.R. Part 60, Subpart D. However
the general approach and forms may be easily adapt-
ed to other source caterories regulated by EPA or the
States.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, State government, "Air pollu-
tion monitoring, 'Excess emission reports.
PB87-185427/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Treatment of Landfill Leachate at Publicly Owned
Treatment Works. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH
Water Engineering Research Lab.
S. C. James, and W. W. Schuk. 1986,15p EPA/600/J-
86/351
Pub. in Waste Management & Research, n4 P265-277
1986.
The project investigated the discharge of landfHl leach-
ate into a municipal waste water collection system with
subsequent treatment at the municipal treatment
plant. The research article points out that leachates
from disposal sites can be mixed with municipal
wastewater and treated by wastewater treatment
plants using secondary aerobic treatment. Leachates
are effluents, high in organic content and in many in-
stances similar to industrial effluents. In order for a
wastewater treatment plant to accept this type of affiu.
ent, the following conditions must be met First air
supply and oxygen transfer capacity must be sufficient
to maintain aerobic conditions within the aeration
basin with the increase in organic loads. Second suffi!
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
must be observed in order to maintain necessary oper-
ating conditions.
Keywords: "Earth tills, "Water pollution, "Municipali-
ties, Solid waste disposal, Aerobic processes, Oxygen,
Aeration, Phosphorus, Reprints, Leachate.
PBB7-185435/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of a Pulsed-bed Filter for Filtration of
Municipal Primary Effluent. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab,
D. S. Brown. 1987, 9p EPA/600/J-87/013
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Pollution Control Federation, v59
n2 p72-78 Feb 87.
The study evaluated a Pulsed-Bed Filter (PBF) for fil-
tration of municipal primary effluent (TSS equals 160
mg/l, COD = 390 mg/l). Five operating parameters
were varied to note the effect on performance: the
number of air pulses between backwashes; the time
between each air pulse; the concentration of detergent
used to clean the filter sand; the frequency of cleaning;
and the surface loading rate. Six parameters were
used to measure performance: TSS, COD, and turbidi-
ty percent removals; the length of a filter run; the ratio
of filtrate water pumped for air pulsing and backwash-
Ing to total influent flow; and the ratio of filtrate water
wasted to total influent flow. Operational problems
were also noted during the evaluation.
Keywords: "Filters, "Sand filtration, "Sewage treat-
ment, Performance evaluation, Detergents, Turbidity,
Removal, Losses, Reliability, Sampling, Reprints,
Pulsed bed filters, Chemical oxygen demand, Total
suspended solids.
PB87-185484/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
SARAH, A Surface Water Assessment Model for
Back Calculating Reductions In Abiotic Hazardous
Wastes,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
R. B. Ambrose, and S. B. Vandergrift. Dec 86,109p*
EPA/600/3-86/058
The nearfield surface model SARAH calculates maxi-
mum allowable hazardous waste concentrations
based on predicted exposure to humans or aquatic life
from contaminated surface water. The surface water
contamination pathways analyzed in SARAH include
groundwater leachate from a land disposal facility,
storm runoff from a land disposal facility, and dis-
charge through a waste water treatment facility. The
human exposure pathways considered include inges-
tion of treated drinking water and consumption of con-
taminated fish. Acceptable leachate or industrial waste
contaminant concentrations are predicted by a 'back
calculation' procedure from chemical safety criteria in
surface water, drinking water, or fish.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Water pollution,
'Ground water, Surface waters, Mathematical models,
Humans, Exposure, Subroutines, Earth fills, Computer
programming, Fortran, Runoff, Programming manuals,
Mixing,	Toxicity,	Dispersing,
Concentration(Composition), Computer applications,
Leachates, Path of pollutants.
PB87-185500/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Risk Assessment, Management, Communication:
A Guide to Selected Sources. Information guide.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Information Management ana Services Div.
Mar 87, 208p* EPA/IMSD-87/002
The guide directs the reader to a wide spectrum of
sources of information which address the basic and
fundamental principles and issues of risk assessment,
risk management, and risk communication. It is de-
signed to assist EPA, other Federal, State and local
governmental agencies, and the private sector in lo-
cating and building on existing knowledge of risk. It
identifies experts and organizations within and outside
EPA who are involved in the areas of risk assessment,
management and communication. The guide also in-
cludes a section on other sources of information such
as bibliographies, organizations, meetings and confer-
ences. and course work that support risk research and
education. The Appendices list EPA Regional risk co-
ordinators, EPA libraries, and computerized databases
that were searched in preparing this Guide. Subject
areas excluded from this guide are hazardous waste,
specific chemical risks and abatement technology.
Keywords: "Risk, Information, Toxicology, State gov-
ernment, Local government, Public health, Ecology,
Toxic substances, Health hazards, Risk assessment,
Risk management, Risk communication.
PB87-18S583/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Bibliography on Chemical Emergency Prepared-
ness and Prevention.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Information Management and Services Div.
Dec 86,331 p* EPA/IMSD-86/005
The bibliography contains information on the effects of
accidental releases of acutely toxic chemicals. It in-
cludes references to articles on hazard identification,
prevention of chemical accidents, mitigation of chemi-
cal releases, environmental ramifications of chemical
hazards, access to chemical toxicity and exposure in-
formation, conferences on the topic and international
aspects of chemical accidents. The bibliography is part
of EPA's program to increase community awareness
of chemical hazards and to develop state and local
emergency response plans.
Keywords: "Chemical compounds, "Toxicity, "Air pol-
lution, "Hazardous materials, Exposure, State govern-
ment, Accidents, Bibliographies, "Emergency pre-
paredness, "Hazardous materials spills, Environmen-
tal Protection Agency.
PB87-185997/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Bibliography on Information Resources Manage-
ment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Information Management and Services Div.
Nov 85,45p EPA/IMSD-85/003
The bibliography documents the controversy over the
definition of IRM from office automation systems and
management information systems to the current user-
oriented state of the art. It includes citations from
1980, when the Paperwork Reduction Act was passed,
to the present. A survey of expert opinion of future de-
velopments of IRM is included, as are case studies of
IRM as implemented in various organizations.
Keywords: "Bibliographies, "Information, "Manage-
ment, Services, Libraries, State of the art, Information
resources management.
PB87-186151/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Evaluation of the Carcinogenicity of Unleaded
Gasoline.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Apr 87,403p EPA/600/6-87/001
In the document the likelihood that unleaded gasoline
vapors are carcinogenic to humans is evaluated. From
carcinogenicity data in animals, an estimate is made of
the magnitude of cancer risk a person would experi-
ence, under the assumption that gasoline vapors are
carcinogenic. All biological factors believed to be rele-
vant to carcinogenesis are reviewed. A quantitative
analysis of cancer incidence in the two long-term
animal gasoline inhalation studies Is performed, an
upper-bound cancer risk potency estimate is calculat-
ed, and the uncertainties in the estimate are dis-
cussed. The major conclusions are: (1) although em-
ployment in the petroleum refineries is possibly associ-
ated with cancers of the stomach, respiratory system,
and lymphopoietic and hematopoietic tissues, expo-
sure to gasoline cannot be implicated as a causative
agent because of confounding exposure to other
chemicals and inadequate information on gasoline ex-
posure; (2) the occurrence ot liver cancer in female
mice and kidney cancer in male rats provides 'suffi-
cient' evidence in animals that inhalation of wholly
aerosolized gasoline is carcinogenic; and (3) gasoline
vapors from vehicle refueling might be less carcino-
genic than indicated by animal experiments using
wholly aerosolized gasoline, if the less volatile compo-
nents, which are apparently responsible for acute
kidney toxicity, also contribute to the observed carci-
nogenic response.
Keywords: "Gasoline, "Toxicology, Carcinogens, Ex-
posure. Humans, "Carcinogenesis, "Cancer, "Toxic
substances, Inhalation, Health hazards.
PB87-186227/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Bibliography on Asbestos in Schools.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Information Management and Services Div.
Feb 86,59p* EPA/IMSD-86/001
See also PB81-225823.
The bibliography contains references to information on
asbestos in school buildings. The citations are orga-
nized by the format of the various references, including
EPA reports, books, journals articles and regulatory ci-
tations.
Keywords: "Asbestos, "School buildings, "Bibliogra-
phies, Exposure, Sampling, Air pollution,
Concentration(Composition), "Indoor air pollution.
PB87-186235/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Bibliography on Indoor Radon Pollution.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Information Management and Services Div.
May 86,115p* EPA/IMSD-86/002
The bibliography contains references to information on
the measurement and modeling of radon, mitigation of
radon, health effects and contributing factors, effect of
ventilation and energy efficiency on radon concentra-
tions in buildings, and radon in water. It includes an ap-
pendix containing a list of contacts for further informa-
tion on radon.
Keywords: "Buildings, "Radon, "Bibliographies, Venti-
lation, Measurement, "Indoor air pollution, Health haz-
ards, Air pollution control.
PB87-186268/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Bibliography for an Estuarine Management Pro-
ram.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Information Management and Services Div.
Nov 85, 29p EPA/1MSD-85/004
The bibliography highlights the structure of estuarine
management, problem definition and assessment,
problem prioritization, problem solution and implemen-
tation. The references included illustrate the develop-
ment of theory, research and action in estuarine man-
agement since 1970. References from books, journal
articles, reports and conference papers are included.
Keywords: "Management, 'Estuaries, "Bibliographies,
Assessments, Decision making. Coasts, Chesapeake
Bay, Ecosystems.
PB87-188300/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Unking Data to Study Reproductive Effects of Oc-
cupational Exposures. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Reproductive Effects Assessment Group.
S. G. Selevan, K. Hemminki, and M. L. Lindbohm.
C1986,14p EPA/600/J-86/352
Pub. in Occupational Medicine: State of the Art Re-
views, v1 n3 p445-455 Jul-Sep 86. Prepared in coop-
eration with Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki
(Finland).
Many existing data systems or registers can be used to
study occupational exposures and reproduction. Use
of these data systems, especially those already com-
puterized, results in great savings in time and re-
sources. The report describes existing record systems
on reproductive outcomes and/or occupational expo-
sures and approaches to linking data, using examples
drawn primarily from the United States and the Nordic
countries. Some existing systems are more useful than
others for research. A perfect record system would in-
clude data collected in a standardized manner, have
complete coverage of the universe of events, and be
error-free as a result of editing and verification for com-
pleteness and accuracy. Such a system would also in-
clude unique personal identifiers to permit linkage of
these data with other systems. (Copyright (c) Occupa-
tional Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, 1(3), July-
Sept. 1986.)
Keywords:	"Industrial	medicine,
'Reproduction(Biology), "Data bases, "Exposure,
Hazardous materials, Records, Registers(Computers),
Toxicity, Reprints, "Toxic substances, "Occupational
safety and health.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-186318/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Neurotoxicants and Membrane-Associated Func-
tions,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Biological Sciences
Research Center.
R. B. Mailman, and P. Morell. Aug 85, 47p EPA/600/D-
85/163
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The goal of the review is to describe methods available
for use by research workers interested in studying the
site and/or mode of action of compounds that might
perturb the function of membranes in the nervous
system. Many, or even most, neurotoxic agents may
eventually bring about some perturbation of mem-
brane structure, composition, or function. It is difficult
to differentiate those changes mediating, from those
compensating for, toxic insults. The review is limited to
a discussion of certain approaches and methodologies
believed to be important for studying these problems.
Some examples of how these biochemical approaches
may be used to define membrane-related abnormali-
ties subsequent to exposure to a toxin are also given.
Emphasis is placed on those methodologies and re-
sults that may be related to neurotransmission.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Nervous system, "Mem-
branes, Methodology, Exposure, Abnormalities, Bio-
chemistry, Perturbation, "Toxic substances.
PB87-186433/HSU	PC A07
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Fate and Persistence in Soil of Selected Toxic Or-
ganic Chemicals,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
R. Sukol, E. Woolson, and W. Thompson. May 87,
127p EPA/600/6-87/003
Contracts EPA-68-02-3976, EPA-68-02-4248
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment.
The persistence of toxic and generally refractory halo-
genated hydrocarbons in the environment is a key
factor in evaluating human exposure. The report sum-
marizes the chemical and physical properties of some
of these compounds and addresses how these proper-
ties can affect their persistence and behavior in vari-
ous environmental media. The property that affects
persistence and mobility of organic compounds in soil
most directly is water solubility. Within a class of com-
pounds the higher the degree of halogenation, the
lower the water solubility, and thus, the greater the per-
sistence. Persistence in the environment is dependent
also upon several environmental factors, including soil
organic matter, total precipitation and intensity, tem-
perature, intensity of sunlight, and soil texture. In gen-
eral, the organic carbon content of soil has the great-
est effect on the behavior of hydrophobic organic com-
pounds, as these compounds sorb strongly to the or-
ganic matter in the soil. Sorbed organic compounds in
soil are subject to several possible fates in the environ-
ment, including volatilization, microbial degradation,
photodecomposition on the soil surface, translocation
to plants, chemical degradation, and leaching to
ground water.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, Soil chemistry,
Chemical properties, Physical properties, Contami-
nants, "Soil contamination, "Environmental fate,
"Toxic substances, "Environmental persistence.
PB87-186490/HSU	CP T02
Environmental Fate Data Base (ENVIROFATE):
Chemical Name File (CASLST), February 1987.
Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
R Boethling. Feb 87, mag tape EPA/560/5-86/014A,
EPA/DF/MT-87/018
Supersedes PB87-139283.
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. Call NTIS
Computer Products if you have questions.
The tape includes the chemical name, molecular for-
mula and CAS registry number for each chemical
added to the ENVIROFATE database by these supple-
ments. The tape is to be used in conjunction with DA-
806 Vol. 90, No. 24
TALOG, BIOLOG, CHEMFATE and XREF files (trans-
mitted together with these) in order to link chemical
names and formulas to the CAS registry numbers con-
tained in DATALOG, BIOLOG, and CHEMFATE. The
CASLST file consists of three fields: (1) Chemical Ab-
stract Service Registry Number (CAS) which is num-
berical and 9 bytes in length; (2) Chemical formula
(FOR) which is textural and 23 bytes in length; and (3)
Chemical name (CNA) which is textural and 48 bytes in
length.
Keywords: "Data file, "Chemical compounds, Magnet-
ic tapes. Degradation, Molecular structure, Chemical
properties, Physical properties, Field tests,
Concentration(Composition), Ecology, "Environment
pollution, "Environmental fate, "Environmental trans-
port, "Path of pollutants, Environmental monitoring,
CAS Registry numbers, Toxic substances, Fate of pol-
lutants, Environfate database, Data bases.
PB87-186508/HSU	CP T02
Environmental Fate Data Base (ENVIROFATE):
Data Pointer File (DATALOG), February 1987. Data
file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
R. Boethling. Feb 87, mag tape* EPA/560/5-86/
014B, EPA/DF/MT-87/019
Supersedes PB87-139291.
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. Call NTIS
Computer Products if you have questions.
DATALOG is a bibliographic pointer file of environmen-
tal fate data and each record contains a chemical CAS
registry number (9 bytes), one of 18 data types (9
bytes), and a reference number (6 bytes) to the full ci-
tation in the XREF file. The data types identify physical
properties, degradation and transport studies, and
food, occupational and ambient monitoring data. The
file should be used with CASLST (in order to link the
chemical name and formula) and XREF (in order to link
the full reference citation). A list of possible data types
and their abbreviations are; Adsorption (ADSORP),
Bioconcentration (BIOCON), Biodegradation
(BIODEG), Dissociation constant (DISS CON), Eco-
system (ECOS), Effluent concentrations (EFFL), Evap-
oration from water (EVAP), Food and crop concentra-
tions (FOOD), Field studies (FIELD), Henry's Law con-
stant (HENRY CON), Hydrolysis (HYDROL), Monitor-
ing (MONIT), Occupational concentrations (OCCUP),
Octanol/water partition coefficient (O/W PART), Pho-
toxidation (PHOTOOXID), UV Spectra (UV), Vapor
pressure (UP) and Water solubility (WATER SOL).
Keywords: "Data files, "Toxicity, "Chemical com-
pounds, Chemical properties, Physical properties,
Transport, Degradation, Magnetic tapes, "Environ-
ment pollution, 'Environmental exposure, "Chemical
attack(Degradation), Path of pollutants,
Files(Records), Environfate database, Datalog data-
base, CAS registry number.
PB87-186516/HSU	CP T02
Environmental Fate Data Base (ENVIROFATE): Mi-
crobial Degradation/Toxlcity Data (BIOLOG), Feb-
ruary 1987. Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
R. Boethling. Feb 87, mag tape* EPA/560/5-86/
014C, EPA/DF/MT-87/020
Supersedes PB87-139309.
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. Call NTIS
Computer Products if you have questions.
BIOLOG is a bibliographic pointer file of microbial bio-
degradation/toxicity data. Each record contains a
Chemical Abstract Services Registry Number (9
bytes), a string of data codes (total of 10 bytes) and a
reference number (6 bytes). The string of data codes is
divided into (1) an indication of biodegradation (B) or
microbial toxicity (T) data (1 byte); (2) oxygen condition
- aerobic (AE) or anaerobic (AN) (2 bytes); (3) culture
type - pure enzyme (PE), pure culture (PC), mixed cul-
ture (MC), or cell-free extract (CF) (2 bytes); (4) source
of microorganism - soil (SOI), sediment (SED), sewage
(SEW), fresh water (WAF), marine water (WAM) or
other (OTH) (3 bytes); (5) whether the pathway of deg-
radation was (R) or was not (blank) studied (1 byte);
and (6) data source - DATALOG (D) or various files
from Dr Martin Alexander at Cornell University (H, M,
G, A, or P) (1 byte). The file should be used with
CASLST (in order to link the chemical name and for-
mula) and XREF (in order to link the full reference cita-
tion).
Keywords: "Data file, "Chemical compounds, 'Toxici-
ty, Degradation, Sources, Reaction mechanisms, Aer-
obic bacteria, Anaerobic conditions, Cultures(Biology),
Magnetic tapes, 'Microbial processes, 'Biodegrada-
tion, 'Environmental fate, Environfate database, Data
bases.
PB87-186524/HSU	CP T02
Environmental Fate Data Base (ENVIROFATE):
Journal Citations (XREF), February 1987. Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
R. Boethling. Feb 87, mag tape EPA/560/5-86/014D,
EPA/DF/MT-87/021
Supersedes PB87-139317.
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. Call NTIS
Computer Products if you have questions.
The file contains the full reference (authors, titles, and
citation) for references included in DATALOG,
BIOLOG, and CHEMFATE. The references are linked
to the other files by reference number. Each record
contains a reference number (RNO) (6 bytes), a list of
authors separated by semi-colons (AUT) (150 bytes), a
title (TLE) (244 bytes), the journal or source (JRN) (200
bytes), the citation (CIT) (200 bytes), and the year
(YRP) (19nn or blank if not applicable) (4 bytes).
Keywords: 'Data file, Magnetic tapes, 'Bibliographic
data elements, Bibliographic information, CHEMFATE
database.
PB87-186532/HSU	CP T02
Environmental Fate Data Base (ENVIROFATE):
Chemical Identification Information File (CHEM-
FATE), February 1987. Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
R. Boethling. Feb 87, mag tape EPA/560/5-86/014E,
EPA/DF/MT-87/022
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. Call NTIS
Computer Products if you have questions.
CHEMFATE is a data value file containing literature-
derived data on environmental fate of several hundred
chemicals. The file includes chemical identification in-
formation, physical/chemical properties, transport and
degradation studies, field investigations and monitor-
ing data. In all there are 23 data types covered in the
file. For each data type, there is a pertinent set of fields
qualifying the data, but a physical record only exists for
those fields that contain data. Each physical record is
made up of a CAS Registry No. (9 bytes), a record
number (4 bytes), a data type code (2 bytes), a field
type code (3 bytes) and data (240 bytes). With the ex-
ception of the identification field, each data type has a
mandatory reference field which contains the refer-
ence number pointing to XREF, the full service file.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Chemical compounds, Magnet-
ic tapes, Chemical properties, Degradation, Environ-
mental effects, Pollution, CHEMFATE database, Moni-
toring, Environmental transport.
PB87-186763/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Tributyltln: Position Document 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 85,43p EPA/540/9-87/172
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
animals. Exposure, Physiological effects, Regulations,
"Toxic substances, "Tributyltin, Health risks, Pesticide
residues, Path of pollutants, Mutagenesis, CAS 56-35-
9, Oncogenesis, Bioaccumulation, CAS 12379-54-3,
CAS 4804-30-4, CAS/56-36-0, CAS 13331-52-7, CAS
1983-10-4, CAS 2155-70-6, CAS 7437-35-6.
PB87-186771/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Carbofuran: Position Document 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC,
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Sep 85, 31 p EPA/540/9-87/174
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
Ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
'Toxicology, Toxicity, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory
animals, Exposure, Physiological effects, Regulations,
Agricultural products, Farm crops, Insecticides, Carba-
mates, 'Toxic substances, "Carbofuran, Health risks,
Pesticide residues, Path of pollutants, Mutagenesis,
Carbamic acid/(dihydro-dimethyl-benzofuranyl-ester)-
methyl, Oncogenesis, Bioaccumulation, CAS 1563-66-
2.
PB87-186789/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
DEF: Decision Document.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Nov 81,47p EPA/540/9-87/171
The Position Document addresses the risk and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
'Toxicology, Toxicity, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory
animals, Exposure, Physiological effects. Regulations,
Herbicides, Phosphorus organic compounds, Farm
crops, 'Toxic substances, *DEF, Health risks, Pesti-
cide residues, Path of pollutants, Mutagenesis, Phos-
phorotrithioate/tributyl, Oncogenesis, Bioaccumula-
tion.
PB87-186797/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Merphos: Decision Document.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Nov 81,40p EPA/540/9-87/170
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, "Pesticides,
"Toxicology, Toxicity, Residues, Ecology. Laboratory
animals, Exposure, Physiological effects, Regulations,
Agricultural products, "Toxic substances, 'Folex,
Health risks, Pesticide residues, Path of pollutants,
Mutagenesis, Oncogenesis, Bioaccumulation, CAS
150-50-5, Merphos, Phosphorotrithious acid/(tributyl-
ester).
PB87-18S987/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Case for Drinking Water Systems. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
J. A. Goodrich. 1987, 6p EPA/600/M-87/015
Pub. in National Development 28(2), p19-22 Mar 87.
The purpose of the study was to present a tool useful
to water utilities that not only could analyze historical
distribution system reliability data, but also provide a
flexible and expandable mechanism for record-keep-
ing enabling overall management of water work's fa-
cilities and resources. The objectives of the research
were to: (1) assess the resources necessary to utilize
microcomputers in the application; (2) compare and
contrast results with those of a previous study that only
analyzed large transmission mains; and (3) evaluate
the relevance of only analyzing a sample of a large util-
ity compared to the time and cost necessary to study
the entire network.
Keywords: "Distribution systems, 'Water distribution,
Public utilities, Reliability, History, Management, Cost
analysis, Records management, Ohio, Tables(Data),
"Drinking water, Microcomputers, Cincinnata(Ohio).
PB87-187068/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Responses of Neurotransmitter Systems to Toxi-
cant Exposure,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Biological Sciences
Research Center.
R. B. Mailman, and D. L. DeHaven. C1984,18p EPA/
600/D-85/165
Pub. in Cellular and Molecular Neurotoxicology, p207-
224 Jun 84. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
As technology has become more refined and available
in recent years, a major focus for neurotoxicologists
has been the evaluation of toxicant effects on neur-
onal function. This interest will probably increase as
the number of new chemical messengers (i.e., neuro-
transmitters and neuromodulators), and our under-
standing of their function, expands. Other chapters in
the volume provide data related to many specific neur-
otoxicants, and while also discussing specific issues,
this chapter will emphasize some important philosophi-
cal points which are underscored by these studies.
The presentation will attempt to highlight those strate-
gies that have yielded valuable insights into mecha-
nisms of toxicity, as well as approaches that have
been, in the authors' judgment, less productive. (Copy-
right (c) Raven Press, New York 1984.)
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Neural transmission, "Bioe-
lectricity, Exposure, Nervous system, Toxicity, Re-
prints, 'Toxic substances.
PB87-187076/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Adopts
Wetlands Research Plan. Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
M. E. Kentula. C1986,3p EPA/600/M-87/016
Pub. in National Wetlands Newsletter, p14 Jul-Aug 86.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in
January 1986 adopted a Wetlands Research Plan
which decribes the research necessary to assist the
Agency in implementing its responsibilities relative to
wetlands, including 404 of the Clean Water Act, Many
of the products will assist EPA personnel in evaluating
404 permit applications. Research will be implemented
to: assess the water quality functions of wetlands; de-
velop methods to predict the cumulative impact(s) as-
sociated with wetland loss; and improve the formula-
tion and evaluation of mitigation projects.
Keywords: "Marshes, "Swamps, 'Licenses, 'Water
pollution, Runoff, Agriculture, soil conservation, Hard-
woods, Losses, Environmental impacts, Reprints,
'Wetlands.
PB87-187134/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparative Potency of Complex Mixtures: Use
of Short-Term Genetic Bloassays in Cancer Risk
Assessment. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. Lewtas. 1985,15p EPA/600/D-85/273
Pub. in Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of Com-
plex Environmental Mixtures IV, 363-375 1985.
The primary problem regarding the introduction of new
energy sources is whether they will alter the mutage-
nicity, carcinogenicity and potential human cancer risk
from combustion emissions. New risk assessment
methodologies utilizing data from short-term bioas-
says, therefore, are needed to assess new technol-
ogies as they are being developed. This will allow the
development of alternative combustion and control
methods that lower human risk. In order to assess the
relative human cancer risk associated with introducing
diesel-powered automobiles as an alternative fuel-effi-
cient energy source for transportation, the authors
have developed a comparative data base and risk as-
sessment methodology. This risk assessment model
and methodology is applicable to the evaluation of var-
ious complex mixtures. The paper describes a compar-
ative approach to evaluating alternative energy
sources by utilizing short-term genetic bioassays.
Keywords: 'Bioassay, 'Carcinogens, "Risk, 'Toxicity,
Mutagens, Contaminants, Exhaust emissions, Com-
bustion products, Diesel fuels, Comparison, Reprints.
PB87-187175/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Amltrole: Position Document 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
20 Apr 84,18p EPA/540/9-87/175
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Pesticides,
'Toxicology. Toxicity, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory
animals, Exposure, Physiological effects, Regulations,
'Toxic substances, 'Amitrole, Health risks, Pesticide
residues, Path of pollutants, Mutagenesis, Triazole/
amino, Oncogenesis, Bioaccumulation, CAS 61 -82-5.
PB87-187191/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Diflubenzuron: Decision Document.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
26 Mar 79,113p EPA/540/9-87/173
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
'Toxicology, Toxicity, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory
animals, Exposure, Physiological effects. Regulations,
Insectides, Growth regulators, Inhibitors, Nitrogen or-
ganic compounds, 'Toxic substances, 'Dimilin, health
risks, Pesticide residues, Path of pollutants, Mutagene-
sis, Benzamide/N-(((chlorophenyl)amino)carbonyl)-di-
fluoro.
PB87-187738/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Supertund Record of Decision (EPA Region 10):
Toftdahl Drums, Brush Prairie, Clark County,
Washington, September 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep86, 40p EPA/ROD/R10-86/009
The Toftdahl Drum site, approximately 15 acres in area
is located four miles east-southeast of Battleground,
Washington, and contains three main areas where
hazardous substance hauling activities may have oc-
curred: a drum cleaning area; an initial burial trench; a
final drum burial area. In the early 1970s, 100 to 200
drums containing unknown amounts of industrial
waste, possibly from a plywood manufacturer, were
delivered to the property. In 1982 the Washington De-
partment of Ecology, notified of the possible presence
of buried drums at the site, conducted an investigation.
The Washington Department of Social and Health
Services (DSHS) determined, based on the available
sampling data from nearby residential wells, there was
no immediate public health hazard in the drinking
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
water. However, DSHS was concerned about the po-
tential for future contamination from the high levels of
heavy metals and synthetic organic compounds de-
tected in the soil and drum samples. The remedial
action selected for this site includes a no further action
response and semi-annual ground water monitoring tor
five years, followed by ten years of annual monitoring
pending continued funding by the Washington State
Legislature.
Keywords; "Waste disposal, "Contaminants, "Earth
fills, Ecology, Ground water, Pollution, Sampling, Envi-
ronmental tests, Washington(State), Superfund, Toft-
dahl Drums site.
PB87-187746/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Seymour Recycling Corporation, Seymour, Indi-
ana, September 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 86, 53p EPA/ROD/R05-86/046
The Seymour Recycling Corporation (SRC) operated a
processing center for waste chemicals. Toxic and haz-
ardous wastes, including solvents, metal finishing
wastes, and other materials, accumulated on the site
in 55-gallon drums, bulk tanks, and other containers.
Wastes leaked and spilled from the drums creating fire
and odor problems. A Consent Decree resulted in the
removal of the upper one foot of contaminated soil
from about 75 percent of the site's surface. Contami-
nated soil remains, however, and extends throughout
the shallow and deep aquifer. The primary contami-
nants of concern include: VOCs, organics, TCE, DCE,
benzene, toluene, and heavy metals. Selected reme-
dies have been proposed and are included.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, "Pollution, Ground water,
Toluene, Benzene, Metals, "Hazardous materials, In-
dustrial wastes, Environmental tests. Public health,
Ecology, Indiana, "Superfund, Heavy metals. Ethyl-
ene/trichloro, Ethylene/dichloro, Seymour(lndiana).
PB87-1B7753/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Splegelberg, Green Oak Township, Livingston
County, Michigan, September 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
30 Sep 86, 42p EPA/ROD/R05-86/039
The Spiegelberg site was used for the disposal of do-
mestic waste, with the main disposal area located in an
abandoned sand and gravel pit in the northern third of
the site. Paint sludge was dumped near the surface
water portion of the gravel pit. Organic contaminants
have been detected in onsite and downgradient moni-
toring wells indicating the migration of these contami-
nants from the site into the ground water. The primary
contaminants of concern include: VOCs, organics, in-
organics, base/neutral compounds, TCE, toluene,
xylene, metals. Selected remedial action for the site in-
cludes: excavation of 15,000 cubic yards of waste ma-
terial which will be separated into liquid and solid
sludges and paint residue with garbage intermixed; off-
site incineration of approximately 5,000 cubic yards of
the excavated waste material; and disposal of the re-
maining 10,000 cubic yards of waste into a RCRA land-
fill.
Keywords: "Contaminants, "Waste disposal, "Pollu-
tion, 'Earth fills, Ground water, Hazardous materials,
Metals, Sludge, Paints, Environmental tests, Michigan,
Ecology, Public health, Toluene, Xylene, "Superfund,
Spiegelberg Landfill.
PB87-187761/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 8):
Union Pacific Railroad Laramie Tie Treating Plant,
Laramie, Wyoming, September 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
26 Sep 86, 61 p EPA/ROD/R08-86/010
The Union Pacific Railroad (UPRR) Tie Treating Plant
is located southwest of Laramie, Wyoming. Wood pre-
serving agents used by UPRR or its contractor includ-
ed' zinc chloride, a creosote oil and asphalt-based pe-
troleum/residuum oil mixture, PCP. Process wastes
were disposed of in the Laramie Waste Collection
ponds. Currently, 140 acres are contaminated. The
contamination ranges from soil saturated with free oil
to ground water containing dissolved contaminants.
The selected interim source control remedy is a Con-
taminant Isolation System which includes: realignment
808 Vol. 90, No. 24
of the Laramie River channel; a soil-bentonite slurry
barrier wall constructed through the alluvium and bed-
rock around the contaminated areas; a reverse-gradi-
ent ground water draining and pumping system; an ac-
tivated carbon water treatment plant. The treated
water will be discharged to the Laramie River under
the authority of an NPDES permit issued and adminis-
tered by the State of Wyoming; and ground water mon-
itoring.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, "Contaminants, Water
pollution. Ground water, Metals, Ecology, Pollution,
Railroad ties, Wyoming, Oils, Creosote, Wood preserv-
atives, Superfund, VOC(Volatile Organic Compounds),
Environmental monitoring, Union Pacific
Railroad(Wyoming).
PB87-187779/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
SCRDI (South Carolina Recycling and Disposal,
Inc.) Dixiana Site, Lexington County, South Caroli-
na, September 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
25 Sep 86, 64p EPA/ROD/R04-86/014
The SCRDI Dixiana site consists of a 2-acre lot and a
warehouse in southeastern Lexington County, South
Carolina. South Carolina Recycling and Disposal. Inc.
(SCRDI) leased the site from G M T. in 1978 for drum
storage of industrial wastes. Instances of poor han-
dling practices, leaky drums, and exposure to the
weather allowed numerous discharges to the environ-
ment prior to drum removal. Potential sources of future
contamination at the site are former drum storage
areas and suspected spill areas. Contamination is
presently moving offsite primarily via shallow ground
water in response to the hydraulic gradients in various
interconnected aquifers. The primary contaminants of
concern include: VOCs, PAHs, PCBs, PCE, organics,
pesticides, inorganics.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution. Inorganic compounds,
Organic compounds, SCRDI Dixiana site, South Caroli-
na, "Solid waste management, "Superfund program,
"Land reclamation, "Municipal wastes, "EPA region,
Liquid waste disposal, Lexington County(South Caroli-
na).
PB87-187860/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Zinc/Zinc Oxide Preliminary Source Assessment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Apr 87, 80p EPA/450/3-87/008
A preliminary source assessment of industries with
zinc and/or zinc oxide emissions is presented. Brief
descriptions of these industries and associated air pol-
lution control equipment are presented. Zinc/zinc
oxide emission data were primarily obtained from the
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse. The
Appendix presents zinc/zinc oxide emission data that
were used in the Human Exposure Model. The Model
is used by EPA's Pollutant Assessment Branch to
evaluate health risks from various pollutants.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Zinc, Zinc oxides,
Emission, Hazardous materials, 'Pollutants.
PB87-188009/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Illinois Reasonable Further Progress Report for
1985: Ozone and Carbon Monoxide. Annual rept.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Air Pollution Control.
Sep 86,81 p IEPA/APC/86-022
The document demonstrates that Illinois is making
Reasonable Further Progress in reducing VOC emis-
sions as part of its plan for reducing ozone pollution in
the State. The report discusses the VOC emissions in-
ventory for the Chicago area and the Illinois part of the
St Louis area, and shows that total VOC emissions in
those areas are below the levels required by RFP in
1985. The report also discusses the improvement in
ozone air quality and in carbon monoxide air quality in
those areas.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Ozone, "Carbon
monoxide, Illinois, "Volatile organic compounds, "Air
quality.
PB87-188082/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Guidance on Issuing Permits to Facilities Re-
quired to Analyze Groundwater for Appendix 8
Constituents. Final rept. 1985-86.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Feb 86, 55p
The document is only a guide to the exercise of discre-
tion under permit application regulations. It does not
constrain discretion or require permit writers to follow
its recommendation either generally or in any particu-
lar case. EPA intends it to provide interim relief to ex-
pedite permit issuance while the Agency pursues regu-
latory changes to the requirements for analyzing
groundwater for Appendix VIII constituents. The guid-
ance addresses Appendix VIII only in the context of
groundwater monitoring. It does not call into question
the appropriateness of using Appendix VIII for other
purposes, such as listing hazardous wastes or con-
ducting corrective action for releases to any other en-
vironmental medium.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Regulations, 'Land use,
Facilities management. Guidelines, Waste disposal, Li-
censes, Hazardous materials, Environmental monitor-
ing.
PB87-188090/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Guidance for Facility Management Planning
(Draft).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
1 Jul 85,45p
The draft guidance addresses the first two planning
steps (screening and facility analysis) in Facility Man-
agement Planning. It provides guidance on how facility
management planning should be conducted. The draft
should be used to establish the general objectives and
scope of coverage for facility management planning.
Keywords: 'Facilities management, 'Planning, Sched-
uling, Guidelines, 'Solid waste management, Environ-
ment management.
PB87-188108/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Sources and Evaluation of Uncertainty In Long-
Range Transport Models,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
F. A. Schiermeier. 1987,13p EPA/600/D-87/168
Pub. in Proceedings of the 16th NATO/CCMS interna-
tional Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and
Its Applications, Lindau, Federal Republic of Germany,
April 6-10,1987.	'
The American Meteorological Society, under joint
sponsorship from the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, the Atmospheric Environment Service,
Canada and the Ontario Ministry of the Environment,
Canada, convened a workshop in September 1984 to
address an aspect of long-range transport modeling
that has become a topic of considerable concern, that
is, the quantification of uncertainty in long-range trans-
port model predictions and the implications of these
uncertainties on formulations of control policy. A series
of draft chapters provided a focus for discussion by 36
invited national and international experts in the areas
of policy perspectives, methods for sensitivity and un-
certainty analysis, and sources of errors and uncertain-
ty in Eulerian, Lagrangian, and stochastic long-range
transport models.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Transport properties, Meet-
ings, Mathematical models, Predictions, Euler La-
grange equation, Exhaust gases, Probability theory
Air pollution forecasts, Air pollution sampling.
PB87-188116/HSU	PC A02/MF AOI
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Acid Deposition, Environmental Monitoring
and Quality Assurance.
Volatile Organic Compounds in 600 U.S. Hoimk
Major Sources of Personal Exposure,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
L. Wallace, and C. A. Clayton. May 87,9p" EPA/600/
D-87/155
Contract EPA-68-02-3679
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC. Office of Acid Deposition, Environ-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The USEPA carried out the Total Exposure Assess-
ment Methodology (TEAM) Study (1980-85) on 600
subjects In five cities representing a total population of
more than 700,000 persons. Personal exposures to all
prevalent target compounds exceeded outdoor con-
centrations. Major sources were smoking (benzene,
styrene, xylenes, and octane); using hot water (chloro-
form); wearing dry-cleaned clothes (tetrachloroethy-
lene); and using moth crystals or room air deodorants
(para-dichlorobenzene). Eleven of 14 occupations also
Showed elevated exposures to one or more chemicals
(particularly aromatics). Auto related activities (lengthy
commuting, filling gas tanks) were associated with in-
creased exposures to several aromatics. Breath con-
centrations were significantly associated with personal
air exposures but not with outdoor concentrations.
Residence in major chemical manufacturing and petro-
leum refining areas did not significantly affect personal
exposures.
Keywords: *Air pollution, "Exposure, "Houses,
Concentration(Composition), Benzene, Styrene,
Octane, Chloroform, Sources, 'Indoor air pollution,
"Volatile organic compounds, "Toxic substances,
Benzene/dichloro, Pollutants, Ethylene/tetrachloro.
PB87-188124/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Testing of Indoor Radon Reduction Techniques in
Eastern Pennsylvania: An Update. Published paper
May 85-Mar 87,
American ATCON, Inc., Wilmington, DE.
D. B. Henschel, and A. G. Scott. May 87, 21 p EPA/
600/D-87/156
Contract EPA-68-02-4203
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper updates information from EPA tests of
indoor radon reduction techniques on 38 houses in the
Reading Prong area of eastern Pennsylvania. All were
basement houses with hollow-block or poured-con-
crete foundation walls. The reduction approaches
tested in most houses involved active soil ventilation,
including; suction on the footing drain tile system; suc-
tion under the concrete slabs, using pipes inserted
through the slabs from inside the houses; and ventila-
tion of the void network inside hollow-block foundation
walls. Heat recovery ventilators (HRVs) were tested in
three houses. Current results confirm that, for the
houses tested, drain tile suction appears consistently
able to provide high radon reductions when a complete
loop of drain tile exists, often reducing high-radon-level
houses to 4 pCi/l (148 Bq/cu m) and less. Sub-slab
suction (with pipes through'the slab) can also provide
high reductions if enough suction pipes are located
properly. Placing one or more sub-slab suction pipes
near each perimeter wall appears to aid in treating the
major soil gas entry routes, although fewer pipes can
sometimes give high reductions if conditions are favor-
able. Ventilation of block wall voids can be effective if
major wall openings can be adequately closed, and if
there are no major slab-related entry routes remote
from the walls.
Keywords: "Houses, "Radon, Soils, Foundations, Ven-
tilation, Vacuum, Walls, Closures, Pennsylvania,
•Indoor air pollution, "Air pollution control, Radiation
monitoring.
PB87-188132/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Pulmonary Antioxidants,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
E. J. Massaro, E. C. Grose, G. E. Hatch, and R. Slade.
May 87, 52p EPA/600/D-87/143
One of the most vital of the cellular defenses against
pollution is an 'antioxidant armanentarium' which con-
sists of oxidant scavenging molecules such as vitamin
E, glutathione, vitamin C, and uric acid as well as a
number of enzymes (superoxide dismutase, semidehy-
droascorbate reductase, catalase. GSH synthetase,
GSH peroxidase, GSH reductase, and GSH transfer-
ase) and appears to function in keeping oxidant forces
under control. Pollutants can upset the oxidant/anti-
oxidant balance of cells by inhibiting vital enzymes, by
reacting with oxidant scavengers, or by forming tree
radical intermediates which initiate uncontrolled tissue
reactions with molecular oxygen. The book chapter re-
views possible interactions between pollutants and the
oxidant/antioxidant balance.
Keywords: "Antioxidants, "Lung, "Air pollution,
Tissues(Biology), Toxicity, Defense systems, Glutathi-
one, Tocopherol, Ascorbic acid, Uric acid, Enzymes,
Defense mechanisms, Air pollution effects(Humans),
Air pollution effects(Animals).
PB87-188140/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Field Validation of Multi-Species Laboratory Test
Systems for Estuarine Benthlc Communities,
Virginia Inst, of Marine Science, Gloucester Point.
R. J. Diaz, M. Luckenbach, S. Thornton, R. J.
Livingston, and C. C. Koenig. May 87, 91 p EPA/600/3-
87/016
Prepared in cooperation with Florida State Univ., Talla-
hassee. Dept. of Biological Science. Sponsored by En-
vironmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
The major objective of the project was to determine
the validity of using multispecies laboratory systems to
evaluate the response of estuarine benthic communi-
ties to an introduced stress. In a 5-year period, experi-
ments in Apalachicola Bay, Florida, and the York
River, Virginia, sought to develop criteria for micro-
cosm tests to evaluate the capacity of microcosms to
model natural communities in the presence and ab-
sence of pollution-induced stress, and assess the va-
lidity of extrapolating test results of one location to an-
other. Individual species response patterns in the mi-
crocosms were highly variable and seldom showed
good agreement with patterns in the field. Species
richness in the microcosms and field sites snowed
good temporal agreement and provided a conserva-
tive indicator of community response to a toxic stress.
Keywords. "Benthos, "Estuaries, "Water pollution,
"Aquatic biology, Tests, Ecology, Toxicity, Laborato-
ries, Proving, Correlation, Florida, Virginia, "Water pol-
lution effects(Animals), "Water pollution
effects(Plants), Apalachicola Bay, York River.
PB87-188157/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Analysis of Regional Lake Water Quality Patterns:
Implications for Lake Resource Management In
Minnesota,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
S. A. Heiskary, C. B. Wilson, and D. P. Larsen. May 87,
27p EPA/600/D-87/010
Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Pollution Con-
trol Agency, Roseville. Div. of Water Quality.
Development of realistic lake resource management
strategies that have utility across diverse geopolitical
areas is undoubtedly a difficult task. A regional ap-
proach, the aquatic ecoregion approach, is employed
to examine spatial patterns in ambient phosphorus
(TP) levels, secchi disk transparency, and lake mor-
phometry. This approach defined seven distinct ecore-
gions, four of which were in Minnesota. For Minnesota,
the analysis indicates that no single TP concentration
can be used as a basis for setting standards across
Minnesota because of its tremendous diversity of
lakes. Potential lake management schemes are pro-
posed based on this analysis.
Keywords: "Lakes, "Water resources, "Management,
"Minnesota, Regional planning, Ecology, Phosphorus,
"Resource management, Aquatic ecosystems.
PB87-188371/HSU	PC A04/MF AOt
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Delaware City PVC (Polyylnylchlorlde Resin) Site,
New Castle County, Delaware, September 1986.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC,
30 Sep 86,61 p EPA/ROD/R03-86/031
The Delaware City PVC site is located two miles north-
west of Delaware City, New Castle County, Delaware.
In 1966 Stauffer Chemical Company (SCC) of West-
port, Connecticut, founded the Delaware City PVC
Plant, which is used for the manufacturing of polyvin-
ylchlorids resin (PVC), polyvinyl acetate and other
polymers. An EPA conducted inspection in May 1982
indicated serious contamination of the shallow ground
water. Currently, ground water, surface water, and
soils are contaminated with PVC, benzyl chloride mon-
omer (VCM), TCE, and 1,2-dichloroethane (EDC).
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, Sits surveys, Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution, Inorganic compounds!
Organic compounds, Delaware, "Solid waste manage-
ment, "Superfund program, "Land reclamation, "Mu-
nicipal wastes, "EPA region, Liquid waste disposal,
New Castle County(Delaware).
PB87-188389/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1):
Tinkham Garage, Londonderry, New Hampshire,
September 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 86,121 p EPA/ROD/R01 -86/016
The Tinkham Garage site encompasses 375 acres of
residential and undeveloped land in Londonderry, NH.
Between 1978 and 1979, waste disposal activities
behind Tinkham garage included the direct surface
dumping of liquids and sludge from tank truck wash-
ings. In April 1978 citizen complaints of foram and
odors in a small unnamed brook resulted in a site
cleanup and the excavation of a diversion trench to
direct surface run-off. The Rl, completed in January
1986, documented contamination from volatile and ex-
tractable organic compounds associated with ground
water in overburden and bedrock aquifers, surface
water and in soil. The primary contaminants of concern
include: VOCs, organic sludges and metals.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, Site surveys, Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution, Inorganic compounds,
Organic compounds, Tinkham site, New Hampshire,
"Solid waste management, "Superfund program,
"Land reclamation, "Municipal wastes, *EPA region,
Liquid waste disposal, Londonderry(New Hampshire).
PB87-188397/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
Pioneer Sand Company, Warrington, Florida, Sep-
tember 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
26 Sep 86,10Op EPA/ROD/R04-86/016
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Pioneer Sand site, owned by the Pioneer Sand
Company (PSC), is an inactive 11-acre quarry located
near Belleview, FL. A disposal permit was granted to
PSC in 1974 which allowed the disposal of inert materi-
als including construction debris and shredded auto-
mobile strippings. Between 1974 and 1978, phenols
and resin compounds were deposited from Newport
Industries (currently Reichhold Chemical Company).
Domestic and industrial wastes including metal plating
sludges were also received from the Pensacola Naval
Air Station. In 1981 the Florida Department of Environ-
mental Regulation did not renew the disposal permit
and ordered the waste dumping practices to cease.
Based on the Rl results for PCB analysis of soils at the
site, the EPA conducted an Immediate Removal Action
in August 1986. All known areas of PCB concentra-
tions greater than 50 ppm were removed. The primary
contaminants of concern include: VOCs, organics,
heavy metals, phenols, phthalates, and toluene.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution, Inorganic compounds,
Organic compounds, Pioneer Sand site, "Solid waste
management, "Superfund program, "Land reclama-
tion, Municipal, wastes, *EPA region, Liquid waste
disposal, Belleview(Florida).
PB87-188405/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4): A.
L. Taylor Site (Valley of the Drums), Bullitt County,
Kentucky, June 1986. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
4 Sep 86,109p EPA/ROD/R04-86/009
The A. L. Taylor site, also known as 'Valley of the
Drums', is located in a small valley in northern Bullett
County outside of Brooks, Kentucky. This site was first
identified as a waste disposal site by the Kentucky De-
partment of National Resources and Environmental
Protection (KDNREP) in 1967. Pits were excavated
and the contents of drums were emptied into them.
Soil from nearby hillsides was eventually used to cover
the pits. Thousands of drums were also stored on the
surface. There remains an unknown amount of waste
buried onsite. The hazardous substances include ap-
proximately 140 compounds of the following classes:
heavy metals, ketones, phthalates, polychlorinated bi-
phenyls, PCBs, chlorinated alkanes and alkanes, aro-
matics, chlorinated aromatics, and polynuclear aromi-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tics (PAHs). The remedial action includes removal of
pond water, securing pond sediments, installing a final
cap cover for containment of the waste materials, con-
structing a surface water drainage diversion to re-route
surface water and a monitoring program. The capital
cost is estimated to be $795,349.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, Decontamination,
Drums(Containers), Hazardous materials. Pollution,
Oils, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Kentucky, 'Sanitary
landfills, "Remedial action, Superfund, EPA region 4,
Bullett County(Kentucky).
PB87-188447/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Bruin Lagoon Site, Bruin Borough, Pennsylvania
(Second Remedial Action), September 1966. Final
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
29	Sep 86,36p EPA/ROD/R03-86/025
See also PB85-213783.
Bruin Lagoon is located about 45 miles north of Pitts-
burgh in Bruin Borough, Butler County, PA. The com-
mercial and main residential areas of Bruin Borough
are located less than five blocks from the site and over
30	residences lie within 500 feet of Bruin Lagoon. Be-
ginning in the 1930s, Bruin Oil Company, located on
property adjacent to the site, used the lagoon for dis-
posal of wastes resulting from the production of white
oil (mineral oil). Disposal operations continued for
more than 40 years. The first remedial action and an
immediate emergency action was completed in 1984.
EPA, upon completion of the emergency work, deter-
mined the need for a reevaluation of the site. Selected
remedial actions include onsite stabilization/neutral-
ization treatment of bedrock, dike reinforcement and
capping the former lagoon area with a multi-layer cap
as well as monitoring and maintenance of the site, cap
and ground water. The estimated capital cost is
$2,695,000 with annual O&M of $16,000.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, "Lagoons(Ponds), De-
contamination, Oils, Acids, Gases, Industrial wastes,
Bruin Lagoon, Water pollution, Pennsylvania, "Reme-
dial action, Superfund, Toxic substances, Bruin
Borough(Pennsylvania), EPA region 3.
PB87-188454/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Drake Chemical Site (Phase 2), Lock Haven, Clin-
ton County, Pennsylvania (Second Remedial
Action), May 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
13 May 86, 50p EPA/ROD/R03-86/033
See also PB85-213791.
The Drake Chemical site is located in Lock Haven,
Clinton County, PA. Between 1962 and 1982 Drake
Chemical, Inc. (DCI) manufactured batches of special-
ty, intermediate chemicals for producers of dyes, phar-
maceuticals, cosmetics, herbicides, and pesticides.
The herbicide Fenac, is a major site contaminant. The
eight-acre inactive site contains six major buildings.
There are about sixty process tanks used for acids,
bases, and fuel oils. Also there are fire wastewater
treatment lagoons. Chemical sludge and contaminants
soil cover much of the open area while construction
debris is about. The primary contaminants are inorgan-
ics and organics including toluene, benzene, TCE, and
xylene. The cleanup action includes drainage and re-
moval of the lagoons and treatment of drained liquid
and sludge, removal of all tanks, buildings, and debris;
decontamination of all metal structures salvagable as
scrap; incineration of chemicals and analysis and dis-
posal (if needed) of decontamination fluids. The esti-
mated baseline capital cost for this remedy is
$3,143,000.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, "Chemical industry, De-
contamination, Pesticides, Herbicides, Toluene, Ben-
zene Xylenes, Hazardous materials, Pennsylvania,
•Remedial action, Superfund, Lock
Haven(Pennsylvania), EPA region 3.
PB87-188462/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
Odessa Chromium 1, Odessa, Texas, September
Env^onmental'protecta^ Agency, Washington, DC.
8 Sep 86,44p EPA/ROD/R06-86/010
810 Vol. 90, No. 24
The Odessa Chromium I site consists of a series of
chromium contaminated wells within 300 acres of resi-
dential, commercial and industrial properties and facili-
ties just outside the northwestern city limits of Odessa,
Ector County, TX. Nearly every residence or commer-
cial facility is served by one or more water wells com-
pleted in the Trinity aquifer which offers the only
source of potable groundwater. In 1983, the Texas De-
partment of Water Resources (TDWR) requested the
EPA conduct a planned removal action to extend the
city water lines to the affected area. The remedial
action includes negotiating agreements with the city
and consumers to extend the city water system, and
construction of a water distribution system. The esti-
mated capital cost for this action is $247,920 with
annual O&M costs of $14,350.
Keywords: "Contaminants, "Water wells, Aquifers,
Water supply, Chromium, Potable water, Water pollu-
tion, Texas, "Remedial action, Superfund, EPA region
6, Odessa(Texas).
PB87-188470/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Lang Property, Pemberton Township, New Jersey,
September 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
29 Sep 86, 86p EPA/ROD/R02-86/031
The Lang Property site is a 40-acre parcel of land in a
sparsely populated rural area of Pemberton Township,
Burlington County, New Jersey. The site is flat, an un-
paved access road leads to a 4-acre clearing. Unau-
thorized disposal of hazardous wastes appears to
have occurred over a 2-acre area within the clearing.
Abandoned vehicles, tires and other debris are scat-
tered throughout the site. The site is located within
New Jersey s Pinelands National Reserve, a forest ex-
panse nationally recognized as a valuable environ-
mental resource, and is within the 100-year floodplain.
In June 1975, 1200-1500 drums of unidentified chemi-
cal waste were discovered. In 1976, owners of the
property were ordered by the state to remove all drums
and contaminated soil. The main contaminants of con-
cern are VOCs and metals, which have contaminated
soils, sediments, ground water, and surface water on
site. The remedial action includes excavation of con-
taminated soils and waste material with offsite dispos-
al, extraction and onsite treatment of contaminated
ground water, restoration of the excavated area by fill-
ing and grading, installation of a security fence and
monitoring to ensure remedy effectiveness. Estimated
capital costs for the remedy are $2,322,000 with
annual O&M costs of $612,000.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, Contaminants, Hazard-
ous materials, Organic compounds, Metals, Water pol-
lution, New Jersey, "Pinelands National Reserve, "Re-
medial action, Superfund, EPA region 2, Burlington
County(New Jersey).
PB87-188488/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Combe Fill North Landfill, Mount Olive Township,
New Jersey, September 1986. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
29 Sep 86, 79p EPA/ROD/R02-86/028
The Combe Fill North site is located in Mount Olive
Township, NJ, near the intersection of U.S. Highway
206 and Interstate 80. The area surrounding the site is
primarily wooded, with small residential areas, farms
and light industry nearby. Approximately 10,000
people rely on ground water supplied from wells down-
gradient of the site. The site operated as a sanitary mu-
nicipal landfill, accepting municipal, vegetative, and
non-chemical industrial wastes, along with small
amounts of dry sewage sludge. In 1979, public outrage
at the disposal practices led to formation of a public
action group which conducted ground water sampling.
Ground water, soils, leachate, sediments and surface
water were sampled. Low levels of volatile organics
were found in soils and leachate, and hexachloroben-
zene, phenol and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate were de-
tected in low concentrations in ground water samples.
The remedial action for the Combe Fill North site in-
cludes grading and compacting the 65-acre waste dis-
posal area, capping the landfill, installation of a drain-
age system, installation of a methane ventilation
system, fencing the entire site, and implementation of
an appropriate monitoring program. Estimated capital
cost for the remedy is $10,500,000 with annual O&M
costs of $168,000.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, Decontamination, Water
wells, Water supply, Ground water, Toluene, Phenols,
Organic compounds, Benzene, Pollution, New Jersey,
"Sanitary landfills, "Remedial action, Superfund, EPA
region 2, Mount Olive Township(New Jersey).
PB87-188512/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Destruction of Dioxin-Contaminated Solids and
Liquids by Mobile Incineration. Final rept. Feb 84-
Feb 86,
Enviresponse, Inc., Livingston, NJ.
H. Mortensen, A. Sherman, W. Troxler, R. Miller, and
C. Pfrommer. May 87.169p* EPA/600/2-87/033
Contract EPA-68-03-3255
Prepared in cooperation with IT Corp., Knoxville, TN.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The EPA Mobile Incineration System, which consists
of a kiln, secondary combustion chamber, air pollution
control unit, and separate continuous stack gas analy-
sis capabilities, was rigorously tested in 1982-1983
using PCB-contaminated liquids and other chlorinated
organic fluids. Destruction and removal efficiencies of
at least 99.9999% were consistently attained at a heat
release of 10GT/hr. As a result of these favorable per-
formance data, a project was initiated to evaluate the
technical, economic, and administrative feasibility of
on-site incineration of dioxin-contaminated materials.
During 1984, the system was extensively modified for
field use and performance-tested with a variety of un-
contaminated soils and other solid wastes at the EPA
facility in Edison, NJ. Based on the results of laborato-
ry and pilot plant studies conducted to establish opti-
mum kiln conditions and the available literature, the
EPA system was judged to be more than adequate for
detoxifying dioxin-contaminated solids and liquids, and
thus could be expected to accomplish a successful
dioxin trial burn.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, "Air pollution control, "In-
cineration, "Hazardous materials, Kilns,
Concentration(Composition), Performance, Chlorinat-
ed aromatic hydrocarbons, "Dibenzodioxin/tetrachlo-
ro, "Toxic substances, Hazardous wastes, Solid
wastes, Liquid wastes, Pollution control.
PB87-188561/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Chlsman Creek Site, Grafton, York County, Virgin-
la, September 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 86, 51 p EPA/ROD/R03-86/030
The Chisman Creek site, located in Southeastern York
County, VA, is in a 520-acre sub-watershed of the
Chisman Creek coastal Basin on the Virginia Penin-
sula. As a tidal estuary, Chisman Creek flows easterly
into Chesapeake Bay. Chisman Creek supports private
and commercial marinas and numerous private docks,
and is also a popular fishing area. In 1957 and 1958,
two units of the Virginia Power Yorktown Power Gener-
ating Station began burning coal mixed with coke from
a nearby petroleum refinery. Fly ash was produced by
these units until 1974. A private contractor, employed
between 1957 and 1974 to haul the fly ash from the
generating station, disposed of large quantities of this
incinerated coal by-product in four abandoned sand
and gravel pits in the Chisman Creek watershed, ap-
proximately two miles south of the generating station.
No dust control measures were employed during the
hauling, and uncontrolled erosion caused fly ash to
wash from the pits into Chisman Creek and its tributar-
ies during heavy rains. The primary contaminants of
concern include: trace metals (nickel and vanadium),
and inorganics.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Licenses,
Public health. Water pollution, Inorganic compounds!
Chisman Creek site, Virginia, "Solid waste manage!
ment, "Superfund program, "Land reclamation, 'Mu-
nicipal wastes, 'EPA region, Liquid waste disposal
York County(Virginia).
PB87-188686/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Acute Toxicity Handbook of Chemicals to Estua-
rine Organisms,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
F. L. Mayer. Apr 87, 283p* EPA/600/8-87/017
All acute toxicity data developed by the Gulf Breeze
Environmental Research Laboratory, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, since 1961 were evaluated
for quality. A data base was established for 1,175 tests
with 197 chemicals and 52 species of estuarine orga-
nisms. The chemicals represent all major groups of
pesticides, as well as numerous industrial and inorgan-
ic chemicals.
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Toxicity, 'Aquatic biology,
'Marine biology, Organic compounds, Inorganic com-
pounds, Algae, Invertebrates.
PB87-188694/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Single Laboratory Evaluation ot Phototoxicity
Test Summary rept.,
Missouri Univ.-Columbia. Environmental Trace Sub-
stances Research Center.
W. R. Lower, A. F. Yanders, and W. W. Sutton. Apr 87,
244p EPA/600/4-87/012
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The phytotoxicity method is a screening test used to
predict the potential impact of chemicals on seed ger-
mination and early seedling growth. An evaluation of
the procedure was conducted in order to establish the
data quality that could be achieved within a single lab-
oratory and to provide a basis for deciding whether or
not the procedure merits collaborative testing. The
tomato plant Lycopersicon esculentum was used
during the evaluation and an insecticide, sodium pen-
tachlorophenate, was prepared for use as a reference
material. The single laboratory evaluation included
identification of procedural variables that must be
carefully controlled (ruggedness testing), evaluation of
method precision, evaluation of method sensitivity,
and identification of the limits of reliable measure-
ments.
Keywords: "Toxicity, 'Insecticides, 'Seeds, Germina-
tion, Tests, Tomato plants. Growth, Selection, Evalua-
tion, Tables(Data), Chlorine organic, Compounds,
Sodium salts, Accuracy, Response, Sensitivity, "Lyco-
persicon esculentum, Sodium pentachlorophenate,
Phenol/pentachloro-(Sodium salt), CAS 131-52-2.
PB87-188702/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
National Surface Water Survey, National Stream
Survey, Pilot Survey, Field Operations Report,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
C. M Knapp, C. L. Mayer, D. V. Peck, J. R. Baker, and
G.J. Filbin. Apr 87,104p EPA/600/8-87/019
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The National Stream Survey (NSS) is one of the pro-
grams within the National Surface Water Survey of the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The report
chronicles the activities required to plan and conduct
the field operations of the NSS pilot survey. Preparato-
ry activities for the NSS pilot survey are described, in-
cluding the personnel training program and site recon-
naissance activities. The equipment and protocols (in-
cluding quality assurance measures) used to collect
water samples and field measurement of pH, conduc-
tivity, and dissolved oxygen are presented. Field labo-
ratory activities are summarized, including a protocol
for preparing a fraction for analysis of organically-com-
plexed monomeric aluminum species.
Keywords: "Surface waters, "Streams, "Water pollu-
tion, Surveys, Equipment, Personnel development,
Field tests, pH. Conductivity. Oxygen, Dissolved
gases. Sampling, Collecting methods, Tables(Data).
PB87-188777/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Analysis of Nitrite in N02 Diffusion Tubes Using
Ion Chromatography,
Washburn Univ. of Topeka, KS. Dept. of Chemistry.
D, P. Miller. May 87, 41p* EPA/600/4-87/013
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
An analytical method was developed for the analysis
of the N02 collected by a passive diffusion controlled
atmospheric sampling device. The method measured
the total amount of nitrite ion using ion chromatogra-
phy. The precision obtained under field conditions, de-
fined as twice the average deviation of the blanks, was
30 ppb hr. The overall accuracy of the method in expo-
sure chamber tests was 20 percent. The report was
submitted in fulfillment of cooperative agreement
number CR11532-01-0 by Washburn University under
partial sponsorship of the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency. The report covers a period from 6/11 /84
to 4/30/86 and work was completed as of 4/30/86.
Keywords: "Chromatographic analysis, "Nitrogen di-
oxides,	Chemical	analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Nitrogen compounds,
Accuracy, Precision, "Nitrites, Ion chromatography,
Procedures.
PB87-188801/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Exposure Assessment Modeling for Aldicarb in
Florida. Final rept. Nov 83-Nov 84,
Anderson-Nichols and Co., Inc., Palo Alto, CA.
J. D. Dean, and D. F. Atwood. May 87, 366p* EPA/
600/3-85/051
Contract EPA-68-03-3116
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Athens,
GA.
A modeling study was performed to assess aldicarb
concentrations in drinking water wells in the vicinity of
citrus groves in Florida. Areas in the citrus growing
region were identified, with respect to the unsaturated
and saturated zones, in which transport and transfor-
mation of aldicarb was thought to be different. In addi-
tion an extensive literature search was conducted to
determine degradation rates and adsorption coeffi-
cients for aldicarb. These regional and chemical data
were used to define various simulation scenarios. The
fate and migration of aldicarb was then simulated for
the unsaturated zone using the Pesticide Root Zone
Model and for the unsaturated zone using the Com-
bined Fluid-Energy-Solute Transport model. Results of
the unsaturated zone modeling showed that the high-
est loads leached to ground water were approximately
1 kg/ha, occurring in areas of 'ridge' soils with thin un-
saturated zones. Combined results of the unsaturated
and saturated zone modeling showed that, in general
concentrations in drinking water wells should be low
but may exceed 10 ppb for aldicarb under some condi-
tions.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Florida, "Exposure, Ground
water, Mathematical models, Pesticides,
Concentration(Composition), Citrus trees, Soils, Sulfur
organic compounds, "Aldicarb, "Environment pollu-
tion, Environmental fate, Propanol/methyl-(meth-
ylthio).
PB87-188819/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Combe Fill South Landfill, Morris County, New
Jersey, September 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
29 Sep 86, 94p EPA/ROD/R02-86/032
The Combe Fill South Landfill site is located in Morris
County, New Jersey, 20 miles west of Morristown. The
Combe Fill South Landfill was operated for 40 years as
a municipal landfill, permitted to accept municipal and
non-hazardous industrial wastes, sewage sludge,
septic tank wastes, chemicals and waste oils. Testing
indicated that the fill material consists mainly of highly
decomposed rubbish, and that no 'hot spots' or local-
ized sources of hazardous substances exist. The pri-
mary contaminants of concern are VOCs, including
TCE, PCE, toluene, benzene and methylene chloride,
which have contaminated the shallow and deep
aquifers that are the primary source of potable water
for local residents.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, Site surveys, Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution, Organic compounds!
Combe Fill site, "Solid waste management, "Super-
fund program, 'Land reclamation, 'Municipal wastes,
"EPA region, Liquid waste disposal, Morris
County(New Jersey), Morristown(New Jersey).
PB87-188827/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Price Landfill, Egg Harbor Township and Pleasant-
vllle, Atlantic County, New Jersey, September
1986 (Second Remedial Action). Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
29 Sep 86,159p EPA/ROD/R02-86/035
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Price Landfill (also known as 'Price's Landfill Number
One' and 'Price's Pit') is a 26-acre site located in Egg
Harbor Township and Pleasantville City, Atlantic
County, NJ approximately six miles northwest of Atlan-
tic City, NJ. The relatively flat site is located within the
11,600-acre watershed of Absecon Creek. Land use in
the immediate area consists of residential properties,
small business properties, sand and gravel excava-
tions, and undeveloped rural lots. In 1969, the facility
became a commercial solid waste landfill and in May
1971, began accepting a combination of both
drummed and bulk liquid waste. Some liquid wastes
were poured directly into the landfill from open tank
truck spigots. Other waste was buried in 55-gallon
drums, some of which were punctured or opened prior
to disposal. An estimated 9.1 million gallons of chemi-
cal wastes were disposed of at the site. In 1980, resi-
dential wells in the area were found to be contaminat-
ed with volatile organic compounds, and the Atlantic
County Health Department recommended that their
use as a potable water supply be discontinued.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, Site surveys, Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution, Inorganic compounds,
Organic compounds. New Jersey, Price site, "EPA
region, "Solid waste management, "Superfund pro-
gram, "Land reclamation, "Municipal wastes, Liquid
waste disposal, Atlantic County(New Jersey), Pleas-
antville CiiyfNew Jersey).
PB87-188835/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Kentucky Avenue Wellfleltf, Town of Horseheads,
Chemung County, New York, September 1986.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Sep 86,67p EPA/ROD/R02-86/027
The kentucky Avenue Well Field, part of the Elmira
Water Board (EWB) public water supply system,
covers approximately 12 square miles in the south
centra I part of Chemung County, New York. The Ken-
tucky Avenue Well Field, part of the EWB network of
wells and reservoirs serving area residents, was
closed in September 1980 following the discovery of
elevated levels of TCE. The primary contaminants of
concern include: TCE, VOCs, and chlorinated sol-
vents.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Water supply, Site sur-
veys, Licenses, Public health, "Water pollution, Organ-
ic compounds, Water wells, New York, "Solid waste
management, "Superfund program, "Land reclama-
tion, "Municipal wastes, "EPA region, Liquid waste dis-
posal, Chemung County(New York).
PB87-188843/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
Coleman Evans Wood Preserving Co., Jackson-
ville, Duval County, Florida, September 1986. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
25 Sep 86, 78p EPA/ROD/R04-86/019
The Coleman Evans Wood Preserving Company site is
an active 11 -acre wood preserving facility located in
•he town of Whitehouse, Duval County, Florida. The
site consists of two distinct areas: the western portion,
which comprises the wood treating facility; and the
eastern portion, which consists of a landfill area which
has been used for the disposal of wood chip and other
wastes. Coleman Evans has produced wood products
impregnated with PCP. Site investigations confirm soil
and ground water contamination, with PCP the primary
contaminant of concern.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, Waste disposal, Site surveys. Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution, Inorganic compounds,
Organic compounds, Florida, "Solid waste manage-
ment, "Superfund program, "Land reclamation, "Mu-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
nicipal wastes, *EPA region, Liquid waste disposal,
Whitehouse(Florida), Duval County(Florida).
PB87-1888S0/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Brewster Well Field, Brewster, Putnam County,
New York, September 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 86, 58p EPA/ROD/R02-86/036
The Brewster Well Field, located on the northern bank
of the East Branch Croton River, is three-quarters of a
mile east of the Village of Brewster, Town of South-
east, Putnam County, NY. Since 1954 when Well Field
No. 1 was developed, the Village of Brewster has used
the aquifers beneath the Village-owned land as a
water supply source. In 1967 Well Field No. 2 was
brought on line. In 1978 evidence of volatile halogenat-
ed organic compound contamination from an unidenti-
fied source first appeared. VHOs have been the pri-
mary contaminants detected in the ground water. The
principle contaminants were found to be tetrachlor-
oethylene, trichloroethylene, and 1,2-dichloroethylene.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, Site surveys, Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution, Inorganic compounds,
Organic compounds, Brewster Well site. New York,
"Solid waste management, "Superfund program,
"Land reclamation, "Municipal wastes, "EPA region,
Liquid waste disposal, Putnam County(New York).
PB87-188868/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5): Ar-
canum Iron and Metal, Twin Township, Darke
County, Ohio, September 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
26 Sep 86,43p EPA/ROD/R05-86/036
The Arcanum Iron and Metal (AIM) site is a 4.5 acre
site located in Twin Township, Darke County, Ohio,
just southeast of the city of Arcanum and 25 miles
northwest of Dayton. The AIM site operated as a lead
battery reprocessing facility from the early 1960s until
1982. During this operation, battery casings were split
to extract lead cores for smelting. Reprocessing of the
plastic and black rubber battery casings generated
lead oxide sludge and lead particulates which collect-
ed on the ground surface and surface ponds onsite.
The primary contaminants of concern are antimony
and arsenic leading the contaminants of secondary
concern.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, Site surveys, Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution, Inorganic compounds,
AIM site, Ohio, "Solid waste management, "Superfund
program, "Land reclamation, "Municipal wastes, "EPA
region, Liquid waste disposal, Darke County(Ohio),
Twin Township(Ohio).
PB87-188876/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
Distler Brickyard, Hardin County, Kentucky,
August 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
19 Aug 86, 88p EPA/ROD/R04-86/015
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Distler Brickyard site is located near the Ohio
River, approximately one-half mile south of West Point,
Kentucky and about 17 miles southwest of Louisville.
The site consists of the brick complex and associated
buildings, and an open field covered with grasses and
shrubs. In 1976, Mr. Donald Distler leased the brick-
yard property from Mr. Thomas Hoeppner, the owner,
and began disposing wastes from Distler's Kentucky
Liquid Recycling, Inc. firm. A partial removal of drums
occurred, leading to later removal of 2,310 drums and
visibly contaminated soil. Contents of the drums in-
cluded liquids, sludges and solids found to be corro-
sive, volatile and flammable. The RI/FS, begun in April
1984 indicated soil and ground water contamination in
the site area. Primary contaminants of concern are
VOCs including TCE, DCE, benzene and toluene,
naphthalene, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and heavy
metals.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal. Site surveys, Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution, Inorganic compounds
Organic compounds, Distler site, Kentucky, Solid
waste management. 'Superfund program. Land rec-
812 Vol. 90, No. 24
lamation, "Municipal wastes, "EPA region, Liquid
waste disposal, Franklin County(Kentucky).
PB87-188884/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
Geneva Industries, Houston, Texas, September
1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Sep 86,85p EPA/ROD/R06-86/012
The Geneva Industries site is a 13.5 acre tract located
in Houston, TX, immediately adjacent to the corporate
limits of the City of South Houston. Geneva Industries
is an abandoned refinery which manufactured a variety
of organic compounds and fuel oils from 1967 through
1978. Surface and subsurface onsite soils have been
contaminated as a result of operational spills, leaking
drums, tanks, and lagoons, and landfill/land farming
operations. The primary contaminants of concern in-
clude: VOCs, PAHs, TCE, PCBs, phenols and fuel oils.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal. Site surveys, Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution, Organic compounds,
Texas, 'Solid waste management, 'Superfund pro-
gram, "Land reclamation, "Municipal wastes, "EPA
region, Liquid waste disposal, Geneva(Texas), South
Houston(Texas).
PB87-188892/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Effective Mixing Processes for SOx, Sorbent, and
Coal Combustion Products. Final rept. Oct 84-Jul
86,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
B. M. Cetegen, T. R. Johnson, R. Payne, D. K. Moyeda,
and M. S. Sheldon. May 87,416p* EPA/600/7-87/013
Contract EPA-68-02-4205
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report describes an evaluation of the mixing of jets
of calcium based sorbents injected into large wail-fired
coai burning utility boiler furnaces for sulfur dioxide
(S02) emission control. Pilot scale combustion experi-
ments at 1.41 and 24 MW thermal input tested the de-
pendence of overall sulfur removal efficiency on injec-
tion parameters and sorbent type. Several computa-
tional and empirical models of jet behavior were adapt-
ed for use in sorbent injection system design. An effec-
tive injection system design methodology is based on
a hierarchy of design and interpretation procedures.
The methodology includes: (1) use of simple empirical
jet relationships to provide preliminary estimates for in-
jection system parameters (number, size, and velocity
of jets); (2) isothermal physical flow modeling of the
boiler to evaluate and optimize injection system mixing
parameters; and (3) coupling of jet mixing results with
experimental sorbent sulfation data, or sulfation calcu-
lations, to predict the impact of mixing on overall S02
capture.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur oxides, 'Com-
bustion products, 'Sorbents, Coal, Graphs(Charts),
Boilers, Mathematical models, Sampling, Stationary
sources.
PB87-188918/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Superfund Risk Assessment Information Directo-
ry. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
C. Zamuda. Nov 86,200p* EPA/540/1-86/061
See also PB87-183125. Prepared in cooperation with
ICF, Inc., Washington, DC.
The Directory identifies and describes sources of infor-
mation useful in conducting Superfund-related risk as-
sessments. Information is presented on sources of
automated databases, data files and tapes, models, di-
rectories, periodicals, publications, and on human and
corporate resources. The purpose of the Directory is to
facilitate the performance of EPA-reiated risk assess-
ments by helping individuals find needed information
and specialized resources.
Keywords: Public health, Risk, Information, "Super-
fund program, Risk assessment.
PB87-188926/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Innovative Combustion Technology
for Simultaneous Control of SOx and NOx. Final
rept. Oct 84-Sep 85,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC. Southeast
Regional Office.
G. C. Snow, and J. M. Lorrain. Apr 87, 240p* ACUREX-
TR-86/010/SR, EPA/600/2-87/032
Contract EPA-68-02-3988
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of the operation of a 13.8 kW
Limestone Injection Multistage Burner (LIMB) furnace.
Furnace characterization, general sorbent survey, and
calcium silicate test results are also given. Several
candidate sorbent materials for the full scale LIMB
demonstration at Edgewater Station (Ohio) were eval-
uated. S02 capture was measured while firing Pitts-
burgh No. 8 coal (2.6% sulfur) and natural gas spiked
with S02. Sorbent was injected at 1210 C. With a fur-
nace quench rate of 260 C/s, the average residence
time at reaction temperatures was 1.3 s. At Ca/S
molar ratios of 2, Vicron 45-3 limestone reduced S02
emissions 38% from baseline levels. Increased S02
capture rates of 60-69% were measured for various
calcific atmospheric hydrates. Dolomitic sorbents were
able to achieve captures of 73-75% and showed no
significant difference between atmospheric and pres-
sure hydrates. With the addition of sodium bicarbonate
at molar Ca/Na = 15, captures of 83 and 88% were
possible for the calcific and dolomitic hydrates, re-
spectively. Sodium bicarbonate was evaluated as a
fuel additive as well as a sorbent additive.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Combustion, "Sulfur oxides,
"Nitrogen oxides, Sorbents, Sodium carbonates, Calci-
um silicates, Tables(Data), Stationary sources.
PB87-189031/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Lansdowne Radiation Site, Lansdowne, Pennsyl-
vania (Second Remedial Action), September 1986.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
22 Sep 86,21 p EPA/ROD/R03-86/027
See also PB85-249498.
The Lansdowne Radiation site consists of two at-
tached residences located at 105/107 East Stratford
Avenue, Lansdowne, PA. The building is located in a
residential area, approximately two miles from Phila-
delphia. The dwellings were contaminated with radium
and other radionuclides between 1924 and 1944 as a
result of refining radium and producing medical de-
vices. A decontamination effort in 1964 consisted of
removing as much radium as practical by sending
scraping, vacuuming, and washing the house walls!
floors and ceilings. Some concrete floor and wooden
floor boards were also removed. It is postulated that
the acid fumes from the radium purification procedure
used, as well as spills, carried the radium contamina-
tion deep into the wood and plaster of the home. The
remedial action includes dismantling of the house. All
radioactive materials above established permissible
levels will be packed and sealed in approved contain-
ers, and disposed of at an approved offsite disposal fa-
cility; contaminated soil located in and around the
house will be excavated and removed to established
permissible levels. The sewer lateral leading from the
contaminated house to Stratford Avenue will be re-
moved and replaced. The capital cost has been esti-
mated at $4,000,000-$4,500,000.
Keywords: 'Buildings, "Radioactive contaminants. De-
contamination, Radium, Thorium, Actinium, Walls
Floors, Soils, Pollution, Pennsylvania, 'Remedial
action, Superfund, Lansdowne(Pennsylvania), EPA
region 3.
PB87-189049/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Superfund Enforcement Decision Document (EPA
Region 5): A and F Materials Company, Greemin
Illinois, August 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC
14 Aug 86,85p EPA/ROD/R05-88/045
The A&F Materials site is located on three and three-
quarter acres in Greenup, IL. The site, originally an un-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
River, was first developed for a sawmill operation. Mr.
Ken Ault purchased the site for the A&F Materials re-
cycling plant, which began operations in March 1977
and continued until it shut down in 1980. The plant
processed waste materials (including but not limited to
oil, sludge, caustic and sulfuric acid) into fuel oil and
fire retardant chemicals. During the course of oper-
ations, there were numerous violations of the operat-
ing permit issued to the plant by the IEPA. By March
1978, four storage lagoons became filled and began to
overflow, contaminating the soil and drainage path-
way. In addition, thirteen steel storage tanks contain-
ing a mixture of waste oils (contaminated with PCBs
and organics), sludges, spent caustics and acids, con-
taminated water and other waste products, were locat-
ed onsite. The most significant contaminants of con-
cern found during the RI/FS include: sulfates, inorgan-
ics, TCE, and metals.
Keywords: "Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution, Inorganic compounds.
Organic compounds, A&F Materials site, Illinois, 'Solid
waste management, 'Superfund program, "Land rec-
lamation, 'Municipal wastes, 'EPA region, Liquid
waste disposal, Greenup(lllinois).
PB87-189056/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 10):
United Chrome Products, Corvallls, Oregon, Sep-
tember 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Sep 86,40p EPA/ROD/R10-86/008
The United Chrome Products (UCP) site is a former in-
dustrial hard chrome plating facility located in Corval-
lis, Oregon. UCP began electroplating operations in
1956. Between 1956 and 1975 an onsite dry well was
used to dispose of floor drippings, washings, and prod-
uct rinsate collected in a sump within the building. The
liquids were reportedly neutralized with sodium hydrox-
ide and/or soda ash prior to disposal. However, there
is considerable chromium contamination in the soil be-
neath and around the building and in the upper and
lower aquifers as a result of leaching from the dry well
and plating tanks. Estimated capital cost for the select-
ed remedial alternative is $1,580,000 and the annual
O&M costs are approximately $261,000.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, Site surveys, Licenses.
Public health. Water pollution. Chromium, United
Chrome site, Oregon, "Solid waste management, 'Su-
perfund program, "Land reclamation, "Municipal
wastes, 'EPA region, Liquid waste disposal,
Corvallis(Oregon).
PB87-189064/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Blosenskl Landfill, West Cain Township, Chester
County, Pennsylvania, September 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Sep 86, 39p EPA/ROD/R03-86/02S
The Blosenski Landfill site is located on 13.6 acres in
West Cain Township, Chester County, PA. The site is
bordered by heavily wooded and agricultural areas.
Approximately 467 residents live within one mile of the
site. Beginning in the 1950s the s|te operated as a
landfill accepting municipal and industrial wastes.
Wastes were randomly dumped on the surface during
the operating period, and included solvents, waste
water treatment sludges, demolition and construction
wastes, undercoating materials and open and leaking
drums. In 1982, EPA conducted a Site Inspection and
found serious ground water contamination. The pri-
mary contaminants of concern are VOCs including
benzene, toluene and TCE, and inorganics including
lead, cadmium, chromium and mercury. The selected
remedial action for the site will be conducted in four
phases.
Keywords: "Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, Site surveys, Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution, Inorganic compounds,
Organic compounds, Blosenski site, Pennsylvania,
'Solid waste management, 'Superfund program,
'Land reclamation. 'Municipal wastes, 'EPA region.
Liquid waste disposal. Chester County(Pennsylvania).
PB87-189072/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Enforcement Decision Document (EPA
Region 1): Wlnthrop Landfill, Wlnthrop, Maine, No-
vember 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
22 Nov 85, 54p EPA/ROD/R01 -85/015
The Winthrop Landfill consists of two contiguous par-
cels of 11 acres, with approximately 9.5 acres located
along the western shore of Annabessacook Lake in
the Town of Winthrop, Maine. The site was initially
used in the 1920s as a sand and gravel pit. In the
1930s, parts of the site became the Winthrop Town
Dump, accepting mixed municipal, commercial, and in-
dustrial wastes. The site received hazardous sub-
stances between the early 1950s and mid-1970s. It is
estimated that more than 3 million gallons of chemical
wastes, mostly complex organic compounds including
resins, plasticizers, solvents, and other process chemi-
cals, were disposed at the site. The selected remedial
action for this site are cited.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution, Inorganic compounds,
Organic compounds, Winthrop site, Maine, "Solid
waste management, "Superfund program, 'Land rec-
lamation, 'Municipal wastes, *EPA region, Liquid
waste disposal, Winthrope(Maine).
PB87-189080/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4)
Gallaway Ponds Site, Gallaway, Tennessee, Sep-
tember 1986. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
26 Sep 86, 50p EPA/ROD/R04-86/013
The Gallaway Ponds site is located 2,3 miles northeast
of Gallaway, Fayette County, TN. The site lies near a
ridge extensively mined for sand and gravel, producing
a landscape dotted with water-filled pits up to 50 feet
deep. Disposal of hazardous materials probably oc-
curred in the 1970s or early 1980s. In 1983, the EPA
conducted an emergency cleanup of Pond 1, consist-
ing of the excavation and offsite disposal of contami-
nated sludges and the onsite treatment of the water in
the pond. The primary contaminants of concern in-
clude: pesticides, inorganics, chlordane, and toxa-
phene. The selected remedial action includes: excava-
tion, proper site closure, dilution of water to meet Am-
bient Water Quality Criteria, institutional controls,
ground water monitoring and inspection and mainte-
nance of the cap. The estimated capital cost is
$344,735 with 30-year O&M present worth costs of
$163,265.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, "Ponds, Decontamina-
tion, Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Gallaway
Ponds, Tennessee, 'Remedial action, Superfund, Fay-
ette County(Pennsylvania), EPA region 4.
PB87-189353/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Rockaway Borough Well Field, Rockaway Bor-
ough, New Jersey, September 1986. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
29 Sep 86,61 p EPA/ROD/R02-86/034
The Rockaway Borough Well Field site is located in
Rockaway Borough, Morris County, New Jersey, and
consists of three municipal supply wells which are in a
glacial aquifer designated by EPA as the sole source
aquifer for Rockaway Borough and the surrounding
communities. High concentrations of TCE and PCE
have been detected in the aquifer since 1980, but no
sources of contamination have been identified. In
1981, the Borough of Rockaway constructed a three-
bed granular activated carbon adsorption system to
treat contaminated well water. Treatment has effec-
tively reduced volatile organic contaminant concentra-
tions in finished water to less than 1 part per billion
(ppb). Although thirteen VOCs have been detected in
the well water, TCE and PCE are the primary contami-
nants of concern. The site was listed on the NPL in De-
cember of 1982, and the RI/FS was initiated in 1985.
The remedial action for the Rockaway Borough site in-
cludes maintaining the existing filtration system and
modifying operations to ensure compliance with Safe
Drinking Water Act standards and EPA continuing the
RI/FS in an attempt to identify the source and extent
of contamination and evaluate alternatives to address
source control. Estimated capital cost of remedial
action is zero with annual O&M costs of $74,800.
Keywords: 'Contaminants, "Water wells, "Ground
water, Aquifers, Water supply, Potable water, Organic
compounds, Filtration, Activated carbon treatment.
New Jersey, "Remedial action, Drinking water, Morris
County(New Jersey), Superfund, EPA region 2.
PB87-189361/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Metamora Landfill, Metamora, Lapeer County,
Michigan, September 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
10 Sep 86,46p EPA/ROD/R05-86/040
The Metamora Landfill site is located in Metamora
Township, Lapeer County, Ml. The 80-acre landfill was
previously used for gravel mining and in 1966 as a pri-
vately owned, unregulated dump. The site accepted
both municipal and industrial waste until its closure in
1980. The Michigan Department of Natural Resources
(MDNR) sampled seven of these drums and identified
the presence of VOCs, and other organics. Remedial
actions for ground water, which poses a public health
threat, and soil have not been addressed due to insuf-
ficient data detailed the extent of contamination. The
primary contaminants of concern include: VOCs, PCE,
TCE, and heavy metals.
Keywords: "Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution, Inorganic compounds.
Organic compounds, Metamora site, Michigan, 'Solid
waste management, 'Superfund program, 'Land rec-
lamation, 'Municipal wastes, *EPA region, Liquid
waste disposal, Lapeer County(Michigan).
PB87-189379/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5): La-
Salle Electrical Utilities Site, LaSalle, Illinois,
August 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
29 Aug 86,42p EPA/ROD/R05-86/041
The LaSalle Electrical Utilities (LEU) site is located in
west-central LaSalle County in the city of LaSalle in
north-central Illinois. Between the late 1940s and
1978, PCBs were utilized in the production of capaci-
tors. Following the regulation of PCBs, manifests doc-
ument the disposal of PCBs at all regulated facilities.
Beginning in September 1975, numerous government
agencies conducted various inspections and issued
numerous complaints and orders to the LEU company
as a result of its manufacturing and handling practices.
The primary contaminant of concern is PCB.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal. Site surveys. Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution. Inorganic compounds,
Organic compounds, Electric utilities site, Illinois,
'Solid waste management, 'Superfund program,
'Land reclamation, 'Municipal wastes, *EPA region,
Liquid waste disposal, LaSalle county(lllinois).
PB87-189387/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Reilly Tar and Chemical Corporation, St. Louis
Park, Minnesota, May 1986 (Second Remedial
Action). Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 May 86, 41p EPA/ROD/R05-86/038
See also PB85-213965.
The Reilly Tar and Chemical Corporation (RTCC) site
occupies 80 acres in St. Louis Park, Minnesota. The
Republic Creosote Works, which operated the site be-
tween 1917 and 1972, fractionalized coal tar into vari-
ous oils and produced creosote. The wastes resulting
from the process polluted the land surface of the site
and the underlying aquifers. The primary contaminants
of concern include: PAHs and phenols. The Remedial
Action Plan (RAP) attached to the Consent Decree
prescribes the remedial actions.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution! Organic compounds,
RTCC site, Minnesota, 'Solid waste management,
'Superfund program, 'Land reclamation, "Municipal
wastes, *EPA region, Liquid waste disposal, Saint
Louis Park(Minnesota).
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-189395/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Enforcement Decision Document (EPA
Region 4): Lees Lane Landfill, Louisville, Ken-
tucky, September 1986. Final rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
25 Sep 86, 51 p EPA/ROD/R04-86/017
The Lees Lane Landfill (LLL) site is located adjacent to
the Ohio River in Jefferson County, Kentucky. Land
use at the site has included a sand and gravel quarry, a
junkyard, and a landfill. An investigation detected ex-
plosive levels of methane gas and seven families were
evacuated from homes near the site. Surface water,
soil, and ground water are contaminated with benzene,
heavy metals including lead, arsenic, and chromium,
and inorganics.
Keywords: "Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, Site surveys. Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution, Inorganic compounds,
Organic compounds, Lee Lane site, Kentucky, "Solid
waste management, "Superfund program, "Land rec-
lamation, "Municipal wastes, "EPA region, Liquid
waste disposal, Jefferson County(Kentucky),
PB87-189403/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 8):
North Dakota Arsenic Trioxide in Southeastern
North Dakota, September 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
26 Sep 86, 32p EPA/ROD/R08-86/007
The North Dakota Arsenic Trioxide site consists of
twenty townships in the Richland, Ransom, and Sar-
gent counties in southeastern North Dakota. Ground
water use includes residential consumption, irrigation,
and livestock watering. The contamination, limited to
ground water, appears to have two sources; naturally
occurring arsenic contained in shales native to the
area; and an estimated 330,000 pounds of arsenic-
laced bait used to control grasshopper infestations in
the 1930s and 1940s. The primary contaminant of con-
cern is arsenic trioxide.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, Site surveys, Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution, Inorganic compounds,
Organic compounds, Arsenic, North Dakota, "Solid
waste management, "Superfund program, "Land rec-
lamation, "Municipal wastes, "EPA region, Liquid
waste disposal, Sargent County(North Dakota),
Ransom County(North Dakota), Richland
County(North Dakota).
PB87-189411/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Sharkey Landfill, Morris County, New Jersey, Sep-
tember 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
29 Sep 86, 69p EPA/ROD/R02-86/030
The Sharkey Landfill site comprises approximately 90
acres in the Parsippany - Troy Hills and East Hanover
Townships, Morris County, NJ. In 1945 the site began
accepting municipal solid waste from NJ counties. Be-
tween 1962 and 1969, Ciba-Geigy Co. allegedly dis-
posed of 753,000 lbs. of hazardous and/or toxic mate-
rials. From April 1972 to May 1972,25,700 tons of non-
chemical wastes and 1,160 tons of 'liquid and/or
chemical wastes' described as cesspool-type, and
sludge from the adjacent Parsippany-Troy Hills
Sewage Treatment Plant (PTHSTP) were also deposit-
ed at the site. Between 1979 and 1981 refuse was re-
moved from the South Fill portion of the site and re-dis-
posed in the North Fill area for a PTHSTP expansion.
Currently, landfill contaminants have migrated and
continue to migrate into the shallow aquifer beneath
the site and the adjacent surface water bodies. Al-
though available data do not suggest that significant
quantities of hazardous substances are being released
at the present time, there exists the potential for future
releases of contaminants at levels which could pose a
serious threat to public health and the environment.
The primary contaminants of concern include: VOCs,
TCE, organics, inorganics, and heavy metals.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials "Waste disposal, Site surveys, Licenses.
Public health. Water pollution, Inorganic compounds
Organic compounds, Sharkey site, New Jersey, Solid
waste management, "Superfund program. Land rec-
lamation, "Municipal wastes, "EPA region, Liquid
waste disposal, Morris County(New Jersey).
814 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB87-189429/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Lake Sandy Jo/M and M Landfill, Lake County, In-
diana, September 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
26 Sep 86, 69p EPA/ROD/R05-86/043
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Lake Sandy Jo site is located on the southeast
side of the City of Gary in Lake County, Indiana. The
site was a former 40-acre water-filled borrow pit that
was used as a landfill between 1971 and 1980. Various
wastes including construction and demolition debris,
garage and industrial wastes, and drums are believed
to be in the site. The area surrounding the site is pri-
marily low density residential property. The pit was
filled with ground water and was used for a short time
as a recreational lake. The primary contaminants of
concern are PAHs, phthalates and heavy metals,
found mainly in soils. The remedial action includes in-
stallation of a soil cover over the landfill with drainage
blanket to control surface seeps; extension of water
mains to affected residents in Gary; onsite consolida-
tion of contaminated sediments ground water and sur-
face water/sediment monitoring; and deed restrictions
on landfills property and institutional controls on aqui-
fer use. The estimated capital cost is $4,747,000 with
annual O&M costs of $63,000.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, "Industrial wastes, De-
contamination, Lakes, Hazardous materials, Phtalates,
Water pollution, Indiana, "Sanitary landfills, "Remedial
action, Superfund, EPA region 5, Lake
County(lndiana).
PB87-189437/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5): Ar-
rowhead Refinery, Duluth, Minnesota, September
1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 86, 76p EPA/ROD/R05-86/044
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Arrowhead Refinery site is located in Herman-
town, St. Louis County, Minnesota. The operation gen-
erated waste by-products which were discharged into
an uncontained 2-acre lagoon and a waste water ditch
in a wetland area. Investigations conducted by EPA in
1979 revealed that onsite surface water was transport-
ing contaminants to nearby wetlands areas and navi-
gable waters. The primary contaminants of concern
are VOCs, PAHs, and lead, and they are found in
onsite soils, sediments, surface waters and ground
water. The selected remedial action for the Arrowhead
Refinery site are cited.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, "industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, Site surveys, Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution, Inorganic compounds,
Organic compounds, Arrowhead site, Minnesota,
"Solid waste management, "Superfund program,
"Land reclamation, "Municipal wastes, "EPA region,
Liquid waste disposal, Hermantown(Minnesota), Saint
Louis County(Minnesota).
PB87-189742/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
Hipps Road Landfill, Jacksonville, Duval County,
Florida, September 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Sep 86,195p EPA/ROD/R04-86/010
Hipps Road Landfill is located in Jacksonville Heights,
Duval County, Florida. In February 1983 area residents
began to complain of a foul odor and taste in the drink-
ing water. Well sampling identified the presence of
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the drinking
water. During re-sampling studies, larger suites of
VOCs and metals were discovered. Between June and
October 1983, the city installed waterlines supplying
the site residents with city water. By January 1985
ground water was no longer a source for drinking water
in the area. The primary contaminants of concern in-
clude: VOCs, TCE, metals, xylene, toluene, benzene.
The selected remedial action includes ground water
recovery and treatment at the POTW; Subtitle D landfill
closure; and institutional controls. The estimated cost
for this remedy is $3.9-4.4 million. Capital and O&M
costs were not specified separately, however, EPA will
fund O&M activities (or one year after completion of
the remedial action. O&M will continue for 20 years
using funds provided by the State of Florida.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, "Contaminants, "Earth
fills, Ecology, Ground water, Pollution, Sampling, Pota-
ble water, Toluene, Metals, Benzene, Florida, Environ-
mental tests, Superfund, Environmental monitoring,
VOC(Volatile Organic Compounds), Hipps Road
Landfill(Florida).
PB87-189759/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 7): El-
lisville Area Site - Bliss and Contiguous Proper-
ties, St. Louis County, Missouri, September 1986.
(Second Remedial Action). Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
29 Sep 86, 86p EPA/ROD/R07-86/006
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Ellisville Site Area, located in West St. Louis
County, Missouri, is composed of three non-contigu-
ous properties: the Rosalie property; the Callahan
property; and the Bliss property. During the 1960s and
1970s, Russell Bliss owned and operated the Bliss
Waste Oil Company, a business engaged in the trans-
portation and disposal of waste oil products, industrial
wastes and chemical wastes. In September 1980 the
Missouri Department of Natural Resources and the
U.S. EPA conducted an onsite investigation. Conclud-
ing reports indicated pits had been dug and used for in-
dustrial waste disposal; drums of waste had been
buried on site; and liquid wastes had been applied on
the ground. The types of waste were reported to in-
clude solvents, oils, pesticides, and can coating mate-
rials. Dioxin is currently the only contaminant of threat.
Approximately 20,000 cubic yards of soil, and an un-
known volume of dust are contaminated with 2,3,7,8-
TCDD (TCDD or dioxin).
Keywords: "Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution, Inorganic compounds
Organic compounds, Ellisville site, Missouri, 'Solid
waste management, 'Superfund program, 'Land rec-
lamation, "Municipal wastes, *EPA region, Liquid
waste disposal, West Saint Louis County(Missouri).
PB87-189767/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Army Creek Landfill Site, New Castle County,
Delaware, September 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Sep 86,58p EPA/ROD/R03-86/032
The Army Creek Landfill (ACL), formerly known as the
Llangollen Landfill, is located approximately two miles
southwest of New Castle, Delaware, and is adjacent to
the Delaware Sand and Gravel Landfill Superfund site
The County operated this 44-acre landfill, which ac-
cepted municipal wastes, from 1960 until its closure in
1968 when it was filled to capacity. In late 1971, water
in a residential well downgradient of the site developed
quality problems. Results from a subsequent investiga-
tion showed that leachate, most likely originating from
the Army Creek and Delaware Sand and Gravel Land-
fills, was contaminating local aquifers. This lead to the
installation of a ground water recovery system de-
signed to maintain a ground water divide between the
landfills and the Artesian Water Company Wellfield lo-
cated downgradient of the landfills. The primary con-
taminants of concern include: VOCs, inorganics, heavy
metals, benzene, and chromium.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, Site surveys, Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution, Inorganic compounds]
Organic compounds, Army Creek site, Delaware'
'Solid waste management, "Superfund program'
"Land reclamation, "Municipal wastes, *EPA region
Liquid waste disposal, New Castle(Delaware).
PB87-18977S/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3)-
Mllicreek Site, Erie County, Pennsylvania, May
1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
May 86,43p EPA/ROD/R03-86/023
The Millcreek site located in Millcreek Township, Erie
County, Pennsylvania, was filled with foundry sand and
industrial and municipal waste such as halogenated
volatile solvents. This disposal has resulted in signifi-
cant ground water contamination both on- and offsite
The major classes of compounds detected included-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalates, volatile organics,
phenols and metals such as lead and copper. The se-
lected remedial action for this site includes: excavation
and consolidation of contaminated soil and sediments
under a RCRA cap to meet proposed criteria; site grad-
ing; placing a soil cover over remaining low level con-
taminated soils not exceeding the proposed criteria;
construction of surface water management basins and
ditches; revegetation of soil cover and cap; installation
of additional monitoring wells; construction of a flood
retention basin on property owned by Millcreek Town-
ship; pumping and treating of contaminated ground
water; additional sampling and well installation and
ground water monitoring.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, 'Contaminants, "Earth
fills, Ground water, Soil water, Sediments, Aromatic
polycyclic hydrocarbons, Phenols, Metals, Pennsylva-
nia, Ecology, Pollution, Environmental tests, Hazard-
ous materials, Industrial wastes, Superfund,
Millcreek(Pennsylvania), Ethylene/trichloro, Biphenyl/
chloro, Polychlorinated byphenyls.
PB87-189841/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from
Sources of Chlorobenzenes.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sep 86, 146p* EPA/450/4-84/007M
Prepared in cooperation with GCA Corp., Bedford, MA.
To assist groups interested in inventorying air emis-
sions of various potentially toxic substances. EPA is
preparing a series of documents such as this to com-
pile available information on sources and emissions of
these substances. The document deals specifically
with Chlorobenzenes. Its intended audience includes
Federal, State and local air pollution personnel and
others interested in locating potential emitters of
Chlorobenzenes and in making gross estimates of air
emissions therefrom. The document presents informa-
tion on (1) the types of sources that may emit Chloro-
benzenes, (2) process variations andrelease points
that may be expected within these sources, and (3)
available emissions information indicating the potential
for Chlorobenzenes release into the air from each op-
eration.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Chlorohydrocarbons,
Concentration(Composition), Sampling, Federal gov-
ernment, State government, Sources, "Pollutant
sources, "Toxic substances.
PB87-189866/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1):
Kellogg-Deering Well Field, Norwalk, Connecticut,
September 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
25 Sep 86, 46p EPA/ROD/R01-86/019
The Kellogg-Deering Field is owned and operated by
the Norwalk First faxing District Water Department
(NFTD). The primary source of public water supply to
the NFTD is surface water from four reservoirs, with
ground water as a secondary source. In 1975, trichlor-
oethylene (TCE) was discovered in the ground water.
Other identified contaminants include: PCE, 1-2-DCE,
methylene chloride, xylenes, and benzene. The select-
ed remedial action for this site-involves air stripping of
the contaminated ground water and subsequent dis-
charge into the existing conventional water treatment
plant and distribution system; and air and ground water
monitoring.
Keywords: "Contaminants, "Waste disposal, "Ground
water, Potable water, Public health. Pollution, Industri-
al wastes, Environmental tests, Connecticut, Ecology,
"Hazardous materials, "Superfund, "Environmental
monitoring, Ethylene/trichloro, VOC(Volatile Organic
Compounds),	Kellogg-Deering	Well
Field(Connecticut).
PB87-189874/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 8):
Libby Ground Water Contamination Site, Llbby,
Montana, September 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
26 Sep 86,126p EPA/ROD/R08-86/006
Abandoned wood treating operations on the mill prop-
erty are the source of ground water contamination at
the Libby Ground Water Contamination site in the
northwest corner of Montana. In 1979, shortly after in-
stallation of private wells, some homeowners detected
the presence of a creosote odor, and EPA monitoring
in 1981 confirmed ground water contamination. Based
on 1984 well sample results, Champion International
Corporation implemented the Buy Water Plan. Under
this program, individuals with contaminated ground
water wells agree to cease using their wells and use
water from the public water system operated by the
City of Libby. The program, indefinite in term, would be
terminated upon the elimination of the threat of con-
tamination, if the well owner provides a written termi-
nation notice, or if other alternatives become available.
The primary contaminants of concern include: VOCs,
PAHs, PCP, organics, inorganics, heavy metals, and
creosote. Selected remedies are proposed and includ-
ed in the report.
Keywords: "Contaminants, "Waste disposal, "Ground
water, Pollution, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons,
Soil water, Hazardous materials, Ecology, Public
health, Environmental tests, Montana, Potable water,
Creosote, Water wells, "Superfund, Libby Ground
Water(Montana).
PB87-189882/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 8):
Marshall Landfill Site, Boulder County, Colorado,
September 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
26 Sep 86, 57p EPA/ROD/R08-86/008
The Marshall Landfill accepted unstabilized sewage
sludge and many unidentified and potentially hazard-
ous wastes. Septic wastes and liquid industrial wastes
were also disposed offsite in two, now closed, septic
ponds. The primary contaminants of concern include:
VOCs including TCE, PCE, DCE, and benzene, and
heavy metals including cadmium and lead. The select-
ed remedial action includes: installation of a subsur-
face collection system using natural ground water gra-
dients to collect all contaminated ground water leaving
the Marshall Landfill site; treatment of contaminated
ground water by sedimentation, air stripping, and off-
gas carbon adsorption; landfill improvements, includ-
ing regrading, revegetation, perimeter ditches, and
fences, to minimize future environmental and public
health impacts from the site, and ground and surface
water monitoring.
Keywords: "Contaminants, "Waste disposal, "Earth
fills, Cadmium, Lead, Ground water, Soil water, Metals,
Tetrachloroethylene, Ecology, Environmental tests,
Pollution, Industrial wastes, Colorado, "Superfund,
"Environmental monitoring, VOC(Volatile Organic
Compounds), Ethylene/dichloro, Ethylene/trichloro,
Marshall Landfill(Colorado).
PB87-189890/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region S):
Forest Waste Disposal Site, Genesee County,
Michigan, June 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Jun 86,66p EPA/ROD/R05-86/034
The Forest Waste Disposal Site has a landfill with a
surface area of approximately 15 acres, and nine sur-
face impoundments with a collective surface area of
approximately one acre. From 1973 to 1978, the site
received general refuse, irtdustrial and liquid waste,
PBBs, and PCBs. Drummed wastes from various
sources were disposed of in the landfill area, and
waste oils, metallic sludges, paint and resin wastes,
and spent sulfuric acid were disposed in the onsite la-
goons. Currently, onsite soils and sediments are con-
taminated with priority pollutant compounds and vari-
ous organic and heavy metal compounds. The select-
ed source control remedial alternative includes exca-
vation. treatment, and disposal of contaminated
sludges, sediments and soils in an offsite RCRA-per-
mitted landfill, and removal, treatment, and disposal of
110,000 gallons of aqueous lagoon wastes at a RCRA
treatment facility.
Keywords: "Contaminants, "Waste disposal, "Ground
water, Industrial wastes, Sediments, Sludges, Metals,
Paints, Pollution, "Hazardous materials, Ecology, Envi-
ronmental tests, "Superfund, Biphenyl/chloro, Poly-
chlorinated biphenyls, Biphenyl/bromo, Polybrominat-
ed biphenyls, Environmental monitoring.
PB87-189908/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Enforcement Decision Document (EPA
Region 2): Smuggler Mountain, Pitkin County, Col-
orado, September 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
26 Sep 86, 53p EPA/ROD/R02-86/037
The Smuggler Mountain site is located immediately
northeast of the City of Aspen in Pitkin County, Colora-
do. It comprises 110 acres of waste rock, tailings, and
slag containing high levels of lead and cadmium. The
mining wastes which characterize the site are the
result of years of extensive mining, milling, and smelt-
ing operations. As a result, wastes are highly dis-
persed, and little is known about their disposition. Soil
is the primary contaminated medium; however, con-
taminants have been detected in some ground and
surface waters. The selected remedial action for the
site is broken into distinct operable units. Operable
Unit 1 - excavation and permanent onsite disposal of
soils with lead above 5,000 ppm, including a RCRA
multi-layer cap; soil capping of all areas with lead be-
tween 1,000 and 5,000 ppm lead; five-year ground
water monitoring; and provision of a permanent alter-
nate water supply for 5-7 residences. Operable Unit 2 -
supplemental RI/FS, with possible ground water reme-
diation and mine reclamation activities.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, "Contaminants, "Earth
fills, Cadmium, Zinc, Metals, Ground water, Pollution,
Environmental tests, Colorado, Smuggler Mountain,
Soil tests, Ecology, Superfund, Aspen(Colorado).
PB87-189916/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
Odessa Chromium 2, Odessa, Texas, September
1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
8 Sep 86,42p EPA/ROD/R06-86/011
The Odessa Chromium II site consists of a series of
chromium contaminated wells. Nearly every residence
or commercial facility is served by one or more water
wells completed in the Trinity aquifer which offers the
only source of potable groundwater. The primary con-
taminant of concern is chromium. The selected reme-
dial action includes: extension of municipal water serv-
ice to the affected area of the site. This involves nego-
tiations with the city and local residents.
Keywords: "Contaminants, "Waste disposal, "Ground
water, Hazardous materials, Chromium, Water wells,
Potable water, Pollution, Environmental tests, Public
health, Ecology, Texas, Superfund, Environmental
tests, Odessa Chromium ll(Texas).
P887-189924/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
Mowbray Engineering Company, Greenville, Ala-
bama, September 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
25 Sep 86,77p EPA/ROD/R04-86/012
The Mowbray Engineering Company (MEC) site con-
sists of a 3-acre swamp located in Greenville, Butler
County, Alabama. An aquifer underlying the site sup-
plies 11,400 residents with potable water. Waste oils
were dumped onto the ground behind the plant. Oil
was also allowed to flow into a city storm sewer drain
and ultimately into the swamp. Dumping and other dis-
charges continued until the mid 1970s. MEC installed
two underground storage tanks to collect oils for
resale and prevent spills. PCBs were detected in
swamp soils at 500 ppm, leading EPA to remove the
top six inches of swamp soil and disposing the wastes
in an approved offsite hazardous waste facility. The
primary contaminants of concern are PCBs. Selected
remedies were proposed and are included.
Keywords: "Contaminants, "Waste disposal, "Ground
water, Potable water, Oils, Hazardous materials, Pollu-
tion, Environmental tests, Ecology, Public health, Ala-
bama, "Superfund, Biphenyl/Chloro, Polychlorinated
biphenyls, Mowbray Engineering(Alabama).
PB87-189932/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
Sapp Battery Site, Jackson County, Florida, Sep-
tember 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
26 Sep 86,84p EPA/ROD/R04-86/018
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Sapp Battery Service, Inc. began an operation to re-
cover lead from used batteries. The process consisted
of breaking open used batteries, dumping the acid out-
side the plant, recovering the lead, and disposing of
the broken battery casings in an onsite man-made fish-
ing pond. In 1977 the acid discharge began killing
nearby cypress trees. Soils, sediments, surface water,
and ground water contaminated with lead, cadmium,
arsenic, antimony and other heavy metals were re-
vealed. The selected remedial action for this site in-
cludes: excavation of soils and sediments containing
contaminant levels above those set in the Risk As-
sessment; fixation of the excavated soils/sediments
and onsite disposal of the solidified matrix into a cell
built to Florida Class I Sanitary Landfill Standards;
groundwater removal and treatment of the underlying
aquifers; treatment and discharge of contaminated
surface water from the onsite swamp and the offsite
Steele City Bay area; and monitoring program for pota-
ble water wells located within a one-mile radius of the
site.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Water pollution,
'Ground water, Lead, Sediments, Cadmium, Ecology,
Industrial wastes, Environmental tests, Florida, Pollu-
tion, Hazardous materials, Superfund, Sapp Battery
PB87-189940/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 7):
Des Moines TCE, Des Moines, Polk County, Iowa,
July 1986. Final rept..
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
21 Jul 86, 55p EPA/ROD/R07-86/005
The Des Moines TCE site includes the underground in-
filtration gallery used by the Des Moines Water Works
(DMWW) as a source of the public water supply. The
site was discovered in 1984 after trichloroethylene
(TCE) was detected in the city's public water supply.
The Dico Company disposed of an unknown quantity
of oily waste sludge containing TCE onto their parking
lot for dust control and into a drainage ditch on their
property. The primary contaminants of concern in-
clude: TCE, PCE, 1,2-dichloroethane, vinyl chloride.
The selected remedial action for this site includes: ex-
traction wells to collect the contaminated ground
water; isolation of the northern-most section of the
north gallery; treatment of the ground water through air
stripping to remove 96 percent of the TCE; discharge
of the treated water to the Raccoon River; operation of
the west extraction wells until established effluent
levels are achieved for four consecutive months.
Keywords: 'Contaminants, 'Waste disposal, 'Ground
water, Water supply. Hazardous materials, Tetrachlor-
oethylene, Vinyl chloride, Soil water, Iowa, Ecology,
Public health, Environmental tests, Pollution, Super-
fund, Ethylene/trichloro, Environmental monitoring,
Des Moines(lowa),
PB§7-189957/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Metaltec/Aerosystems, Franklin Borough, New
Jersey, June 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Jun 86, 87p EPA/ROD/R02-86/025
The Metaltec/Aerosysems site is located in Franklin
Borough, Sussex County, New Jersey, The site con-
tains several sources of hazardous substances includ-
ing trichloroethylene, trans-1, 2-dichloroethene, vinyl
chloride, and copper. The remedial action selected for
this site includes: excavation and treatment via heat
addition of organic contaminated soils and offsite dis-
posal at an approved landfill; excavation and offsite
disposal of approximately 4,000 cubic yards of con-
taminated soils; preparation of a supplement Rl and
FS to identify the extent of ground water contamination
and develop and evaluate appropriate remedial alter-
natives; and provision of an alternate water supply for
affected areas.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Industrial wastes,
Ground water, Vinyl chloride. Hazardous materials,
Soil tests, Pollution, Environmental tests. Metals. Ecol-
oqy New Jersey, 'Superfund, Ethylene/trichloro, Me-
taKec Aerosystems site, Sussex County(New Jersey).
PB87-189965/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Tybouts Corner Landfill, New Castle County, Dela-
ware, March 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
6 Mar 86, 77p EPA/ROD/R03-86/019
The Tybouts Corner Landfill, consisting of two fill
areas, was originally a sand and gravel pit and was
used for the disposal of municipal and domestic
refuse. Industrial wastes disposed there included:
trichloroethylene, vinyl chloride, 1.2-dichloroethane,
benzene, and various other organic and inorganic
chemicals. The main threat posed by Tybouts Corner
Landfill is that the hazardous substances disposed of
in the landfill are contaminating the local and regional
aquifers which are a main source of water for the
region. Selected remedial actions for this site are pro-
posed and are included in the report.
Keywords: 'Contaminants, 'Waste disposal, "Industri-
al wastes, 'Ground water, Benzene, Xylenes, Vinyl
chloride, Hazardous materials, Toluene, Environmen-
tal tests, Earth fills, Delaware, Ecology, Public health,
"Superfund, Tybouts Corner Landfill.
PB87-189973/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Fields Brook Sediment Operable Unit, Ashtabula,
Ohio, September 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 86, 73p EPA/ROD/R05-86/035
Fields Brook is located in the City of Ashtabula, Ohio
and drains a 5.6-square mile watershed (defined as the
'site'). The 3.5 mile main channel of Fields Brook flows
through an industrial area that is one of the largest and
most diversified concentrations of chemical plants in
Ohio. Industrial sources have contaminated the sedi-
ment in Fields Brook with a variety of organic and
heavy metal pollutants, including TCE, PCE, chloro-
benzene, vinyl chloride, arsenic, zinc, mercury and
chromium. Base-neutral compounds including hexa-
chloroethane, toluenediamine and toluene diisocyan-
ate also have been detected in Fields Brook sedi-
ments. Sediments taken from the Ashtabula River in
the vicinity of Fields Brook are contaminated with
PCBs. The U.S. EPA believes that the amount of con-
tamination entering the brook at this time has been
substantially reduced due to the recent development
of pollution control laws and discharge permitting re-
quirements.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal. Site surveys, Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution, Inorganic compounds,
Organic compounds, Fields Brook site, Ohio, 'Solid
waste management, "Superfund program, 'Land rec-
lamation, "Municipal wastes, "EPA region, Liquid
waste disposal, Ashtabula(Ohio).
PB87-189981/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1):
Baird and McGuIre, Holbrook, Massachusetts,
September 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 86, 87p EPA/ROD/R01 -86/017
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Baird & McGuire site encompasses approximately
twenty acres in Holbrook, Norfolk County, MA. Wet-
lands occupy approximately 44 percent of the site with
approximately 66 percent of the site lying within a 100-
year flood plain. Baird & McGuire, Inc. (BMI) operated
a chemical mixing and batching company from 1912 to
1983. BMI's disposal practices were the source of
ground water and wetlands contamination. In 1983
heavy rains caused a breach of the creosote collection
lagoon resulting in an EPA-initiated Immediate Remov-
al Action. Dioxm, detected in surficial soil samples in
1985, prompted an EPA-initiated second removal re-
sponse involving the installation of 5700 feet of fenc-
ing and extensive soil, ground water, surface water,
and air sampling. The primary contaminants of con-
cern include: VOCs, organics, PAHs, dioxin, pesti-
cides, and metals. The remedial action includes exca-
vation in 'hot areas' to remove approximately 191,000
cubic yards of contaminated soils, onsite incineration
of excavated soils, ground water extraction and onsite
treatment with discharge to an onsite aquifer; restora-
tion of wetlands, construction of levees and ground
water monitoring. The estimated capital costs are
$44 386 000 with 30-year O&M costs of $4,132,000.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Chemical industry, De-
contamination, Flood plains, Water pollution. Pesti-
cides, Hazardous materials, Massachusetts. "Remedi-
al action, Superfund, EPA region 1, Norfolk
County(Massachusetts).
PB87-189999/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9):
Iron Mountain Mine, Redding, California, October
1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
3 Oct 86, 207p EPA/ROD/R09-86/011
Iron Mountain Mine (IMM) was periodically mined for
iron, silver, gold, copper, zinc, and pyrite. Rainfall, infil-
trating into the underground mine workings mixes with
ground water and the ore zone to produce sulfuric acid
and high concentrations of zinc, cadmium, and copper.
The resulting heavy metal-laden acidic waters, re-
ferred to as acid mine drainage (AMD), was eventually
discharged through mine adits or ground water seep-
age into the Spring Creek watershed streams, Spring
Creek Reservoir, and the Sacramento River. The pri-
mary contaminants of concern include: AMD, copper,
cadmium, and zinc. The desired remedial action for
this site was not selected due to excessive cost. Alter-
natives were proposed and are detailed in the report.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, "Mine waters, "Ground
water, Sediments, Metals, Cadmium, Zinc, Copper,
Hazardous materials, Ecology, Pollution, Environmen-
tal tests, Iron Mountain, California, Soil water, "Super-
fund, Environmental monitoring, AMD(Acid Mine
Drainage).
PB87-190005/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6k
Slkes Disposal Pits, Crosby, Texas, September
1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
18 Sep 86, 59p EPA/ROD/R06-86/013
The Sikes Disposal Pits site is bordered by the San Ja-
cinto River on the west, Jackson Bayou on the north,
and U.S. Highway 90 on the south. Chemical wastes
from area petrochemical industries and numerous
drums were deposited onsite in several old sand pits
A preliminary sampling at the site indicated the pres-
ence of phenolic compounds and other organics. A re-
moval action by the EPA removed approximately 440
cubic yards of phenolic tars from a partially buried pit.
Subsequent studies at the site indicated the need for a
total remedial site plan. The primary contaminants of
concern include: organics, toluence, creosote, ben-
zene, xylene, phenolic compounds, halides, dichlor-
oethane, vinyl chloride. Remedial action is prpposed
and included in the report.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Ground water,
"Waste disposal, Industrial wastes, Pollution, Phenols!
Toluene, Texas, Ecology, Environmental tests, Soli
tests, Sludge, Superfund, Sikes Disposal Pits(Texas),
Environmental monitoring.
PB87-190013/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision: (EPA Region 3):
Limestone Road Site, Cumberland, Maryland, Sm£
tember 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
30 Sep 86, 78p EPA/ROD/R03-86/026
The Limestone Road site is located 2.5 miles east
southeast of Cumberland, Allegheny County, Mary-
land, on the western flank of Irons Mountain and in-
eludes large areas of landfilled and dumped commer-
cial, residential, and demolition refuse. A variety of
waste has reportedly been dumped into a ravine on the
property such as chromium, lead, and cadmium, in ad-
dition, an alleged 11 tons of hazardous waste have
been reportedly disposed of as an extension of fillina
and grading operations. The primary contaminants of
concern include: VOCs, base-neutral compounds
TCE, PCE, and heavy metals. Remedial action is pro!
posed and included in the report.
Keywords: "Contaminants, Organic compounds
"Waste disposal. "Earth fills. Ground water. Soil water'
Chromium, Metals, Sediments, Industrial wastes, Poll
lution, Environmental tests. Soil tests, Ecology, Marvl
land, Superfund, Environmental monitoring.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-190021/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Enforcement Decision Document (EPA
Region 2): Hyde Park Landfill, Town of Niagara,
New York, November 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
26 Nov 85, 82p EPA/ROD/R02-86/038
Occidental Chemical Corporation (OCC) disposed of
approximately 80,000 tons of chemical wastes at the
Hyde Park landfill and 0.6 to 1.6 tons of 2,3,7,8-te-
trachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) contaminated mate-
rial. Between 1975 and 1979, OCC implemented a
number of remedial actions. These actions included
capping the site, and installing a shallow tile drain and
a ground water monitoring program. Soil and ground
water are contaminated with VOCs, organics, toluene,
phenol, PCBs, and dioxin. Selected remedies are pro-
posed and described in the report.
Keywords: 'Contaminants, "Waste disposal, Ground
water, Hazardous materials, Pollution, Toluene, Phen-
ols, Environmental tests, Public health, Ecology, New
York, Earth fills, "Superfund, Biphenyl/chloro, Poly-
chlorinated biphenyls, Environmental monitoring,
VOC(Volatile Organic Compounds).
PB87-190039/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
United Creosoting Company, Hilblg Road, Conroe,
Texas, September 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 86, 71p EPA/ROD/R06-86/014
The United Creosoting site. Montgomery County,
Texas, operated from 1946 to 1972, treating wood with
creosote and pentachlorophenol (PCP). During the
summer of 1980, Montgomery County obtained soils
from the United Creosoting site to be used in improving
local roads in a nearby subdivision. Samples indicated
that soils were contaminated with PCP, chlorinated
dioxins (no tetrachlorinated dioxins), and dibenzofur-
ans. EPA ordered Clark Distributing to undertake an
Immediate Response Action within the area of the
former waste ponds. Remedial actions were recom-
mended and are included in the report.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, "Contaminants, "Earth
fills, "Industrial wastes, Soil tests, Ground water, Aro-
matic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Hazardous materials,
Creosote, Pollution, Texas, "Superfund, Pentachloro-
phenols, Environmental monitoring, United Creosoting
Site.
PB87-190047/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Vestal Water Supply Well 1-1, Vestal, Broome
County, New York, June 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
27 Jun 86, 51 p EPA/ROD/R02-86/026
The Vestal Water Supply Well 1-1 provides drinking
water to several water districts in the Vestal area. In
1978 a chemical spill at the IBM plant in Endicott led to
a testing program for all drinking wells in the vicinity for
synthetic compounds. Significant concentrations of
chlorinated solvents were discovered in well 1-1. Sub-
sequent investigation has since indicated that the
presence of chlorinated solvents in the well is not re-
lated to the spill at the IBM plant. In late 1982 an inves-
tigation implicated, in part, the area around the south-
east corner of Stage Road as a suspected source. The
primary contaminants of concern include: VOCs, TCE.
Selected remedies are proposed and included in the
report.
Keywords: "Contaminants, "Waste disposal, "Ground
water, Potable water, Solvents. Ecology, Public health,
Pollution, Industrial wastes, Environmental tests, New
York, "Water pollution, Water wells, Superfund, Ethyl-
ene/trichloro, Monitoring, Vestal(New York).
PB87-190054/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Enforcement Decision Document (EPA
Region S): Burlington Northern (BN), Bralnerd,
Minnesota, June 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
4 Jun 86,39p EPA/ROD/R05-86/031
The Burlington Northern (BN) site is located in both the
City of Baxter and the City of Brainerd, Minnesota.
During the 1950s, BN began mixing creosote, a pre-
server, with Number 5 fuel oil in a 1:1 ratio and later
changed to creosote and coal tar which is presently
being used in a 70:30 ratio. Wastewater generated
from the wood treating process was sent to two shal-
low, unlined surface impoundments for disposal. The
discharge of wastewater to the disposal ponds gener-
ated a sludge that contaminated both the underlying
soils and ground water. Ground water contamination is
restricted to a relatively small area downgradient from
the site. The primary contaminants of concern include:
PAHs, heterocycles, and phenols. Remedial action is
proposed and detailed in the report.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Ground water, "Waste
disposal, Creosotes, Polynuclear aromatic hydrocar-
bons, Industrial wastes, Minnesota, Ecology, Soil
tests, Superfund, Burlington Northern(Site).
PB87-190062/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Byron Johnson Salvage Yard, Byron, Illinois, Sep-
tember 1988. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
23 Sep 86, 62p EPA/ROD/R05-86/042
The Byron Johnson Salvage Yard located in Ogle
County, Illinois contains rubble and domestic refuse,
along with industrial wastes including drums and plat-
ing materials. Ground water under and downgradient
from the site is contaminated with heavy metals, cya-
nide and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), includ-
ing TCE and PCE. Because the material within the Sal-
vage Yard has not yet been removed, wastes still
present, both on the surface and buried, act as an on-
going source for ground water contamination. Reme-
dies for cleaning up the site are included in the report.
Keywords: "Contaminants, "Earthfills, "Groundwater,
"Waste disposal. Cyanide, Metals, Tetrachloroethy-
lene, Hazardous materials, Industrial wastes, Illinois,
Ecology, Environmental tests, Superfund, Byron John-
son Salvage Yard, Ethylene/trichloro.
PB87-190070/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 8):
Denver Rsdium/ROBCO, Colorado (Second Re-
medial Action), September 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 86, 38p EPA/ROD/R08-86/009
The Denver Radium/ROBCO site is located on the site
of the former National Radium Institute (NRI) facility, a
private corporation operating between 1914 and 1920
which produced radium under an agreement with the
U.S. Bureau of Mines. Research revealed the ROBCO
property as one of thirty-one radioactive sites in the
Denver metropolitan area. There is no serious public
health risk at present from the radon gas and its decay
products found onsite. However, since radium has a
half-life of 1600 years, there is a long-term potential for
increased public health risk if the radium-contaminated
materials were misused or inadvertently spread. An
EPA preferred alternative, full removal and permanent
offsite disposal, is proposed but is very costly. There-
fore, the EPA is actively pursuing a temporary offsite
storage remedy.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, Radium, Public health,
Risk, Industrial wastes, Colorado, Ecology, Environ-
mental tests, Superfund, Denver/ROBCO(Colorado).
PB87-190088/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
Dlstler Farm, Boone, Jefferson County, Kentucky,
August 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
19 Aug 86, 30p EPA/ROD/R04-86/011
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-190112/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Caldwell Trucking Company, Township of Fair-
field, Essex County, New Jersey, September 1986.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
25 Sep 86, 63p EPA/ROD/R02-86/029
The Caldwell Trucking Company site is a 12.2-acre
property in Fairfield Township, Essex County, NJ
which is bordered by light industry to the north, west,
and southwest and is directly across from the Essex
County Airport property. For a number of years, Cald-
well emptied septic systems and transported the
waste to an old slaughter house property (now part of
the Caldwell site) for disposal in one of the open, un-
lirted lagoons present on site. The primary contami-
nants of concern include: VOCs, TCE, PCBs, PAHs, in-
organics, and lead.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, Site surveys, Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution, Inorganic compounds,
Organic compounds, New Jersey, "Solid waste man-
agement, "Superfund program, "Land reclamation,
"Municipal wastes, "EPA region, Liquid waste dispos-
al, Essex County(New Jersey).
PB87-190120/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Burrows Sanitation Site, Hartford, Van Buren
County, Michigan, September 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 86, 55p EPA/ROD/R05-86/037
The Burrows Sanitation site is a ten-acre site located
on 54th Avenue in Hartford Township, Van Buren
County, Michigan. The site was used for dewatering
and disposing of metal hydroxide sludges, waste cool-
ants, and soluble oils. Sampling of these areas indi-
cates that the former source materials were removed
so they no longer present a potential health threat via
direct contact or ingestion. Wastes similar to the exca-
vated wastes remain in the newly identified Spill Area
No. 2. Principal contaminants include chromium,
copper, lead, nickel, zinc, and cyanide. Test results
also indicate that the surface water and sediments in
the Northwest Wetland and drainage canal have been
impacted by the site. In addition, onsite monitoring
wells indicate a limited chemical plume or plumes re-
lated to site activities.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, Site surveys, Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution, Inorganic compounds,
Michigan, Burrows Sanitation site, "Solid waste man-
agement, "Superfund program, "Land reclamation,
"Municipal wastes, "EPA region, Liquid waste dispos-
al, Van Buren County(Michigan), Hartford
Township(Michigan).
PB87-190138/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Syncon Resins Site, Kearny, New Jersey, Septem-
ber 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC
29 Sep 86, 81 p EPA/ROD/R02-86/033
The Syncon Resins site encompasses approximately
15 acres and is located in a heavily industrialized area
of northern New Jersey. The Syncon Resin facility pro-
duced alkyd resin carriers for pigments, paints, and
varnish products. In the production process excess
xylene or toluene was separated from the wastewater
and reused in subsequent reactions The remaining
wastewater was subsequently pumped to an unlined
leaching pond (lagoon) to evaporate or percolate into
the soil. The sampling performed during the remedial
investigation indicated extensive onsite contamination
in the soil ground water, building dirt/dust, and stain-
less vessels and tanks. Four general classes of chemi-
cal contaminants were found onsite: organic com-
pounds, pesticides, PCBs and metals.
Keywords- "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, Site surveys. Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution, Inorganic compounds,
Organic compounds, Syncon Resins site, New Jersey,
"Solid waste management, "Superfund program,
"Land reclamation, "Municipal wastes, "EPA region,
Liquid waste disposal
818 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB87-190336/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) Emissions
from Petroleum Refinery Wastewater Systems-
Background Information for Proposed Standards.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Feb 85, 318p EPA/450/3-85/001 A
Background information is presented for the purpose
of providing technical data considered in the develop-
ment of new source performance standards (NSPS)
for petroleum refinery wastewater systems under the
authority of Section 111 of the Clean Air Act. Three
emission sources in a petroleum refinery wastewater
treatment system are discussed in terms of their
design and operating characteristics, factors affecting
emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC), emis-
sion control techniques, and emission control costs.
The three sources are: process drain systems; oil-
water separators; and air flotation systems. The report
also identified model facilities and regulatory alterna-
tives for which environmental, cost, and economic im-
pacts are presented.
Keywords: 'Refineries, "Waste water, "Air pollution
control, Standards, Costs, Sources, Environmental
impact, Economic analysis, 'Volatile organic com-
pounds, Stationary sources, Petroleum refineries.
Since its inception in 1969, NATO's Committee on the
Challenges of Modern Society (CCMS) has been in-
volved in environmental concerns. For 15 years, the
NATO/CCMS Air Pollution Pilot Study series devel-
oped information on air pollution control strategies and
impact modeling. The workshops would maintain the
network of technical information communication which
had developed through the pilot studies, and would
provide a forum for considering problems of interna-
tional scope. The topic in the first workshop was ad-
vanced air pollution assessment methods and moni-
toring techniques. The second workshop, summarized
in the report, was hosted by the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency on behalf of the United States of America.
The workshop's theme was multimedia approaches to
risk assessment and management of hazardous air
contaminants. The workshop was designed to chal-
lenge air pollution research and control professionals
to consider the broader context of environmental pol-
lution. As many countries are beginning to understand,
measures to safeguard public health and the environ-
ment will often require an integrated approach in order
to be effective. The workshop offered an opportunity
for exploring various countries' efforts toward develop-
ing such integrated, multimedia approaches to assess-
ing and managing air pollutants.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Hazardous materi-
als, "Contaminants, Risks, Exposure.
PB87-190344/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstration of Pesticide
Products Containing Copper Compounds/ll as
the Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Apr 87, 263p EPA/540/RS-87/178
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Copper inorganic com-
pounds, Standards, Guidelines, Genetics, Packaging,
Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricultural products,
Public health, Regulations, Ecology, Manufacturing,
Toxicology, Fungicides, "Rereglstration, 'Toxic sub-
stances, CAS 10402-15-0, CAS 10125-13-0, Federal
Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, CAS
33113-08-5, CAS 16828-95-8, CAS 12069-69-1, CAS
20427-59-2, CAS 3251-23-8, CAS 814-91-5, CAS
1332-40-7, CAS 8012-69-9.
PB87-190690/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstration of Pesticide
Products Containing Vendex as the Active Ingre-
dient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Mar 87,122p EPA/540/RS-87/176
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Regulations,
Guidelines, 'Toxic substances, 'Vendex, Chemical in-
formation fact sheet, Fenbutation oxide, Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, CAS 13356-08-6.
PB87-190880/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Multimedia Approaches to Assessment and Man-
agement of Hazardous Air Contaminants. Special
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
F V Bradow, and A. H. App. Mar 87,122p* EPA/600/
8-87/012
Prepared in cooperation with Dingle Associates, Inc.,
Washington, DC.
PB87-190898/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstration of Pesticide
Products Containing Methlocarb a* the Active In-
redient.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Mar 87,133p EPA/540/RS-87/177
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Toxicology, Hazardous materi-
als, Chemical properties, Regulations. "Toxic sub-
stances, 'Methiocarb, Chemical information fact
sheet. Path of pollutants, CAS 2032-65-7.
PB87-191029/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC-
Office of Solid Waste.
Procedures for Modeling Flow through Clay
Liners to Determine Required Uner Thickness.
Draft rept.,
GCA Corp., Bedford, MA. GCA Technology Div.
D. J. Goode, and P. A. Smith. 1984,155p EPA/530/
SW-84/001
Contract EPA-68-02-3168
See also PB87-100038.Portions of this document are
not fully legible. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The document describes technical procedures for de-
termining adequate thickness of single soil liners. This
includes a performance simulation model that is based
on numerical techniques recommended in guidance.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Earth fills, 'Linings,
'Water pollution control, Clay soils, Thickness, Mathe-
matical models, Unsteady flow, Vacuum, Soil water,
Fluid infiltration, Specifications.
PB87-191383/HSU	PC A23/MF AOt
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Background Document on Proposed Liner and
Leak Detection Rule,
NUS Corp., Rockville, MD.
R. Bonaparte, J. P. Giroud, R. B. Wallace, C. Ah-Line
and J. Prillman. May 87, 535p EPA/530/SW-87/015*
Contract EPA-68-01-7310
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Pre-
pared in cooperation with GeoServices, Inc., Boynton
Beach, FL. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The document presents a state-of-the-art review of
available technologies and achievable performance
levels in leak detection systems at hazardous waste
management units. The review is necessary to estab-
lish the best demonstrated available technology
(BDAT) for leak detection systems. It provides the criti-
cal information considered in developing EPA's regula-
tory options and describes the criteria used to select
among the options. The document also presents a ra-
tionale and technical data to support extension of the
double-liner system requirements to waste piles, sig-
nificant unused portions, and certain other units.
Lastly, the document presents a comprehensive dis-
cussion of the issues, methodologies, and benefits as-
sociated with construction quality assurance programs
at hazardous waste management facilities.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Leakage, 'Hazardous
materials, Seepage, Leak detectors, Linings, Quality
assurance, Performance, Earth fills, Regulations, Con-
tainment, 'Liner Leak Detection Rules, Solid wastes,
Waste management.
PB87-191433/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Characterization of the Reaction between Mon-
ochloramine and isolated Aquatic Fulvlc Add,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
J. N. Jensen, J. J. St. Aubin, R. F. Christman, and J. D.
Johnson. C1985,14p EPA/600/D-87/149
Pub. in Water Chlorination: Chemistry, Environmental
Impact and Health Effects, v5 p939-949 1985. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati,
OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Humic and fulvic substances in natural waters were
first suggested as trihalomethane precursors in 1984.
After this discovery, research in the field assumed one
of two directions. First, some investigators began look-
ing at the nonvolatile organic chlorine fraction of chlor-
inated natural organics. Second, other researchers at-
tempted to find ways of reducing trihalomethane
(THM) concentrations in treated waters. Approaches
have included reducing precusor concentrations, re-
moving THMs after formation, and changing disinfect-
ants. With regard to this last approach, work showed
that the addition of ammonia drastically reduced THM
production by the chlorination process. This observa-
tion regenerated interest in monochloramine as an al-
ternative to chlorine in water treatment. (Copyright (c)
1985 by Lewis Publishers, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Humic acids, "Chemical reactions, 'Water
treatment, Methanes, Halogen organic compounds,
Chlorine organic compounds, Disinfectants,
Concentration(Composition), Chlorination, Interac-
tions, Ammonia, Fulvic acid, Monochloroamine, Halo-
methanes.
PB87-191441/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Monitoring Trichloroacetic Acid in Municipal
Drinking water.
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
D. L. Norwood, G. P. Thompson, J. D. Johnson, and R.
F. Christman. C1985,13pEPA/600/D-87/150
Pub. in Water Chlorination: Chemistry, Environmental
Impact and Health Effects, v5 p1115-1122 1985.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Scientific interest has recently focused on the hydro-
phobic halogenated byproducts of drinking water disin-
fection with chlorine, principally chloroform and its
sister trihalomethanes (THMs). There is, however, a
growing body of literature indicating that THM forma-
tion cannot account for most of the total organic halide
(TOX) produced from the aqueous chlorination of
these precursor materials. Efforts have thus been
made to identify and quantify the individual compo-
nents of nonvolatile TOX in drinking water. Varieties of
small aliphatic chlorinated hydrophilic compounds
were determined to result from the chlorination of an
extracted aquatic humic material under various reac-
tion conditions. The dominant components found in
each case were dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and trich-
loroacetic acid (TCAA).
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Potable water,
Detection, Concentration(Composition), Chemical
analysis, 'Acetic acid/trichloro, Drinking water.
PB87-191490/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of a Convective Scaling Parameteriza-
tion for Estimating the Diffusion of a Buoyant
Plume,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
T. E. Pierce. May 87,15p EPA/600/D-87/158
During limited-mixed convective conditions, high con-
centrations of air pollutants have been observed at
ground-level from buoyant plumes. Routinely-applied
Gaussian plume dispersion models have difficulty sim-
ulating diffusion for these conditions. However, ad-
vances in convective scaling offer some hope for im-
proved model formulations. The paper evaluates the
usefulness of a diffusion formula proposed by Briggs.
Thirty-nine hours of extensive meteorological, source,
and tracer data were analyzed from the Kincaid field
study. The evaluation of the Briggs formula compared
to a Gaussian plume dispersion model showed better
model performance.
Keywords: 'Plumes, 'Connection, 'Airpollution, Math-
ematical models, Diffusion, Evaluation, Scaling,
Boundary layer, Wind velocity, Wind direction. Atmos-
pheric temperature, Solar radiation, Heat flux, Coal
fired power plants.
PB87-191508/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Effects of Sampling Nozzles on the Particle Col-
lection Characteristics of Inertia! Sizing Devices.
Final rept..
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
A. D. Williamson, W. E. Farthing, T. E. Ward, and M. R.
Midgett. May 87,19p EPA/600/D-87/167
Grant EPA-R-812274
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
In several particle-sizing samplers, the sample extrac-
tion nozzle is necessarily closely coupled to the first in-
ertial sizing stage. Devices of this type include small
sampling cyclones, right angle impactor precollectors
for in-stack impactors, and the first impaction stage of
several cascade impactors. In a recent laboratory
study of a stack sampling cyclone with various sam-
pling nozzles, significant perturbations were observed
in the actual D(sub 50) when some of the nozzles were
used. Some nozzles caused the D(sub 50) of the cy-
clone to be reduced from 10 micrometers to less than
6 micrometers. Several alternate nozzle designs were
considered to alleviate this behavior. Simple extension
of the nozzle length was sufficient to restore the 10 mi-
crometers sampler D(sub 50), but at the expense of
enhanced deposition of the test aerosol particles on
the nozzle walls.
Keywords: "Particle size, "Particulate sampling, Sta-
tionary sources.
PB67-191516/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Mutagenic Emis-
sion Rates and Their Relationship to Other Emis-
sion Factors,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. Lewtas, K. Williams, G. Lofroth, K. Hammond, and B.
Leaderer. May 87,9p EPA/600/D-87/146
Prepared in cooperation with Nordic School of Public
Health, Goeteborg (Sweden), Massachusetts Univ.
Medical School, Worcester, and Yale Univ., New
Haven, CT. School of Medicine.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the emis-
sion rates and exposure concentrations of mutagens,
nicotine, and particles from cigarettes. Studies were
conducted under controlled laboratory and chamber
conditions as well as in personal residences. The mu-
tagenicity of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) was
evaluated in three bioassays using two strains of Sal-
monella typhimurium. Strain TA98 was used in the
standard plate-incorporation and microsuspension his-
tidine reversion assays; and strain TM677 in a micro-
suspension forward mutation assay. The mutagenicity,
expressed either per Ug particle or per Ug nicotine, ap-
peared to be a relatively constant factor that did not
vary significantly between various cigarette brands.
These data are being used to model the emissions of
mutagens to predict mutagenic exposure concentra-
tions under various conditions.
Keywords: 'Mutagens, 'Emission, Nicotine, Exposure,
Hazardous materials, Toxicity, Air pollution, "Tobacco
smoke pollution, Environmental pollution,
ETS(Environmental Tobacco Smoke).
PB87-191524/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Lung Cancer and Indoor Exposure of Unvented
Coal and Wood Combustion Emissions in Xuan
Wei, China,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. L. Mumford, R. S. Chapman, D. B. Harris, X. Z. He,
and S. R. Cao. May 87,12p EPA/600/D-87/145
Prepared in cooperation with Institute of Environmen-
tal Health and Engineering, Beijing (China).
Residents of Xuan Wei County in China have unusually
high lung cancer mortality that cannot be attributed to
tobacco use or occupational exposure. They are ex-
posed to smoke from unvented, open pit coal or wood
fires (often used for cooking and heating). The varia-
tion in lung cancer rates among communes within the
county suggests that indoor combustion of smoky coal
may be the prime determinant of lung cancer. To char-
acterize the air in Xuan Wei homes, samples of the air
particles and semivolatile organics were collected
from homes located in communes with different lung
cancer rates. Samples collected in the commune in
which the lung cancer rate is high and smoky coal is
the predominant fuel contained high concentrations of
submicron particles with high organic content; organic
extracts of these samples were mutagenic. Samples
from homes in a wood-burning commune, which has a
low lung cancer rate, consisted mostly of larger parti-
cles of lower organic content and mutagenicity. The
smoky coal sample was also a more potent skin tumor
initiator compared to the wood or smokeless coal
sample and was a mouse skin carcinogen.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Malignant neoplasms,
"Lungs, "Exposure, 'Combustion products, China,
Smoke, Concentration(Composition), 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), 'Health effects, Cancer, Health haz-
ards.
PB87-191532/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
June-September, 6-9 AM, Ambient Air Benzene
Concentrations in 39 U.S. Cities, 1984-1986,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
R. L. Seila. May 87,10p EPA/600/D-87/160
Ambient air samples from 44 sites in 39 U.S. urban
areas were collected in electropolished, stainless steel
canisters on week days from 6 to 9 am during June
through September of 1984, 1985, and 1986. Not all
sites were sampled all years. Samples were analyzed
by capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization
detection to determine C2 to C12 volatile hydrocarbon
composition. Benzene, which is carcinogenic and
present in automobile exhaust and gasoline, was
present in every sample. Individual sample concentra-
tions ranged from 1.0 parts-per-billion as carbon
(ppbC) to 273 ppbC. The benzene median concentra-
tions by site and year ranged from 4.8 ppbC to 35.0
ppbC with the overall median being 12.6 ppbC.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Benzene,
"Concentration(Composition), Urban areas. Contami-
nants, "Air quality, "Air sampling.
PB87-191540/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Practical Problems Reducing Radon In Houses,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
M. C. Osborne, and T. Brennan. May 87,11 p EPA/
600/D-87/161
Prepared in cooperation with Camroden Associates,
Rome, NY.
The paper discusses practical problems encountered
during efforts to reduce radon concentrations in
houses. The 10 problems identified represent only a
tew of the many daily problems encountered by diag-
nosticians and mitigators. Nonetheless, they are some
of the current common problems that need to be con-
sidered and hopefully resolved in the near future. The
10 problems are: inconsistent sub-slab aggregate,
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
hidden pathways to chimneys, variations in porosity of
concrete/cinder block and block coatings, access to
radon entry surfaces, diurnal/seasonal variation in
radon concentrations, impact of radon-in-water on
radon-in-air, sealing the top row of concrete blocks, in-
sulating half-basements, sealing large thermal by-
passes, and coping with direct rock exposure.
Keywords: "Houses, "Radon, Chimneys, Aggregates,
Concrete, Porosity, Sealing, Substructures, Diurnal
variations, "Indoor air pollution, Air pollution control,
Radiation monitoring.
PB87-191557/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Monitoring Radon Reduction In Clinton, New
Jersey Houses,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M C Osborne, T. Brennan, and L. D. Michaels. May
87,15p EPA/600/D-87/162
Contract EPA-68-02-3992
Prepared in cooperation with Camroden Associates,
Rome, NY.
The paper discusses EPA experience in monitoring
radon reduction in Clinton, NJ, houses. Both the tem-
perature-driven stack effect and typical household ap-
pliances (e.g., furnaces, whole-house fans, clothes
dryers, and bathroom fans) were observed to reduce
indoor pressure and potentially increase radon levels.
Radon measurements obtained during cold weather,
after residential heating systems were back in full op-
eration, showed that the radon reduction techniques
that were applied had been effective and that radon
concentrations were significantly reduced. Although
both grab sample and continuous monitor measure-
ments were helpful in assessing radon entry sites and
hour-to-hour fluctuations, respectively, only charcoal
canister data collected under near-winter conditions
could be used as a valid comparison with earlier
March/April 1986 generated pre-radon reduction data.
Keywords: "Houses, "Radon, Winter, Fans, Furnaces,
New Jersey, "Indoor air pollution, "Air pollution con-
trol, Clinton(New Jersey), Radiation monitoring.
PB87-191565/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Measurement of Oxidant Precursors and Their
Relationship to Ozone Formation,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
W. A. Lonneman. May 87,24p EPA/600/D-87/151
Measurements of 0600 to 0900 AM speciated NMOC
compounds obtained from 19 urban areas located
throughout the United States during a 1985 sampling
program are presented. The cities sampled all experi-
enced ozone levels above the National Ambient Air
Quality Standard (NAAQS) of 0.12 ppm. Speciated
NMOC information is useful for both the development
of photochemical ozone models and the evaluation of
the sources contributing to ambient air concentration
levels. Using a simple box model it appears that
NMOC composition has the greatest impact on ozone
formation at the lower NMOC to NOx ratios.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Ozone
Concentration(Composition), Nitrogen oxides, "Pollut-
ants, Air quality, Nonmethane organic carbons.
PB87-191573/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Verification Procedures Applied to the U.S. EPA
(Environmental Protection Agency) Regional Oxi-
dant Model,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. H. Novak. May 87,15p EPA/600/D-87/159
Regional air quality simulation models have been de-
veloped as research tools to gain a greater under-
standing of long range transport and transformation of
air pollutants and to evaluate regional control strategy
alternatives. To ensure credibility of these complex
model predictions, the performance of model codes
must be verified for their adherence to theoretical for-
mulations, accuracy of numerical algorithms, ability to
reproduce observed data and sensitivity to uncertain-
ties in input data. The paper describes the procedures
used for verification of the U.S. EPA Regional Oxidant
Model. Comparison with observed data are presented
toaether with a brief summary of the results from two
ozone control strategy applications. The sensitivity of
the model to known uncertainties in input data is dis-
820 Vol. 90, No. 24
cussed in relation to its effect on air pollution control
strategy evaluation.
Keywords: Atmospheric models, "EPA regional oxi-
dant model, Air quality.
PB87-191599/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC
Genetic Toxicity of Some Chemical Pesticides,
Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
N. E. Garrett, S. S. Sandhu, H. F. Stack, and M. D.
Waters. May 87, 28pEPA/600/D-87/153
Contract EPA-68-02-4031
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The report focuses on the qualitative profiles of genet-
ic activity produced by 65 pesticides and our efforts to
classify them according to their genotoxic effects and
chemical structures. Three main categories may be
distinguished based on the qualitative results: Catego-
ry 1 pesticides were active in most of the in vitro and in
vivo assays employed, category 2 compounds demon-
strated fewer positive results, and category 3 pesti-
cides gave negative results in all tests and represent
structurally diverse compounds. Using the computer-
ized profile matching methodology, from 2,080 possi-
ble pairwise chemical combinations of the 65 pesti-
cides, 20 statistically significant pairs were selected.
Six groups of pesticides were identified that were sub-
stantially similar to groups of pesticides formed previ-
ously (Waters el al., 1982) based on genetic activity
and chemical structure. The matches showed excel-
lent qualitative and, in most cases, excellent quantita-
tive agreement. Hence, it appears that specific pat-
terns of test results present in the genetic activity pro-
files are related directly to chemical structure.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxicity, Molecular structure,
"Genetic effects, Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis.
PB87-191607/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Acid Deposition, Environmental Monitoring,
and Quality Assurance.
Volatile Organic Chemicals in 10 Public-Access
Buildings,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
L. Wallace, R. Jungers, L. Sheldon, and E. Pellizzari.
May 87,9p EPA/600/D-87/152
Contract EPA-68-02-4040
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Acid Deposition, Environ-
mental Monitoring, and Quality Assurance.
The U.S. EPA carried out studies of indoor air quality in
10 buildings. Qualitative analysis identified over 200
aromatics, halogens, esters, alcohols, phenols, ethers,
ketones, aldehydes, and epoxides, in addition to sev-
eral hundred aliphatic hydrocarbons. The total organic
load for nine buildings exceeded outdoor levels, by
factors of up to 100 for new buildings. New buildings
had high levels of eight organics (e.g., decane, xy-
lenes, 1,1,1-trichloroethane). Levels in three new
buildings declined with half-lives of 2-8 weeks. For
some chemicals (e.g., trichloroethylene) levels in-
creased with time, indicating the influence of con-
sumer products or activities.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Public buildings, Organic
compounds, Sampling, "Indoor air pollution, "Volatile
organic compounds, "Air quality.
PB87-191615/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Human Exposure to Mutagens from Indoor Com-
bustion Sources,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. Lewtas, L. D. Claxton, and J. L. Mumford. May 87,
9p* EPA/60O/D-87/144
The authors have measured human exposure to muta-
gens, using Indoor medium-volume samplers and per-
sonal samplers, in targeted field studies of homes in
the U.S. The combustion sources included in these
studies were woodstoves, fireplaces, gas appliances,
cooking, and tobacco smoking. These studies demon-
strate that the presence of environmental tobacco
smoke (ETS) consistently results in human exposure
to mutagens which are significantly higher than out-
door air or non-smoking indoor spaces. The mutagenic
emission rates from the other indoor combustion
sources (e.g., kerosene heaters) as determined in
chamber studies are more variable than ETS and are
dependent on the combustion source design and op-
eration. Woodstoves and fireplaces result in higher
concentrations of mutagens outdoors, which may indi-
rectly influence the concentration of mutagens in-
doors.
Keywords: "Combustion products, "Exposure,
"Humans, Sources, Concentration(Composition), Con-
taminants, "Indoor air pollution, "Mutagens, "Pollut-
ants, Air sampling.
PB87-191623/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Waste Incineration and Emission Control Tech-
nologies,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
T. G. Brna, and C. B. Sedman. May 87, 26p* EPA/
600/D-87/147
The paper gives results of a survey of available waste
incineration and emission control technologies in the
U.S., Japan, and Western Europe. Increasing concern
over landfills as a waste management option and the
decreasing availability of sites have focused attention
on incineration for destruction of hazardous wastes
and volume reduction of other wastes in the U.S. Incin-
eration requires the control of air pollutant emissions,
which can be minimized by combining in-furnace and
post-combustion control technologies. Since future
potential regulation of both hazardous air pollutants
and acid rain precursors may cause extensive retrofit
or early termination of existing waste incineration in-
stallations, planning for new or modified installations
should recognize the various control technologies
available in order to minimize future outlays if regula-
tions are tightened.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Incineration, "Waste
disposal, Incinerators, Japan, Toxicity, Western
Europe, Hazardous wastes, Stationary sources, USA.
PB87-191649/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
PC-QTRAK: An Automated Tracking System for
Environmental Quality Assurance Activities,
S-Cubed, La Jolla, CA.
G. L. Johnson, J. S. Ford, and L. E. Michalec. May 87,
14p EPA/600/D-87/138
Contract EPA-68-02-3972
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper discusses PC-QTRAK, an automated track-
ing system for environmental quality assurance (OA)
activities. The effectiveness of the OA program is
measured by evaluating the implementation of the QA
program elements, including data quality objectives,
QA project plans, and audits, as applied to hundreds of
data collection activities across the Agency. The Qual-
ity Assurance Tracking System (QTRAK) offers the QA
manager automated tracking that is comprehensive
yet totally flexible. PC-QTRAK (providing personal
computer-PC-advantages) is applicable to Agency
QA programs and may be applicable to states or other
organizations with QA program requirements.
Keywords: 'Pollution, 'Quality assurance, Data acqui-
sition, Environmental surveys, Management systems,
Management engineering, Computer applications
Tracking, PC-QTRAK computer program.
PB87-191656/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Design, Construction, and Maintenance of Cover
Systems for Hazardous Waste: An Engineering
Guidance Document,
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS.
R. J. Lutton. May 87,199p EPA/600/2-87/039
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Engineering for cover over solid hazardous waste ad-
dresses complex interactions among many technical
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
emphasizes the special characteristics of solid waste
management as they bear on the cover system while
at the same time stressing the need for engineering
experience to integrate the complex factors into the
traditional engineering approach. Cover systems typi-
cally consist of two to four layers of soil and other ma-
terials and resemble a highway pavement system in
many respects. This similarity facilitates the prepara-
tion and use of construction and maintenance specifi-
cations, examples of which are provided. Engineering
analyses and design techniques are discussed for per-
colation, erosion, stability, flooding, freezing, and set-
tlement. Finally, guidance is provided on methods of
maintenance and repair over the unusually long design
life of a solid waste disposal facility.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Earth fills, Hazard-
ous materials, Coverings, Construction materials, In-
dustrial plants, Soils, Layers, Waste treatment, Perco-
lation, Service life, Freezing, Erosion, Maintenance.
PB87-191664/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Pristine Llgnin for Hazardous Waste
Treatment,
Georgia Inst, of Tech., Atlanta.
D. J. O'Neil, C. J. Newman, E. S. K. Chian, and H, Gao.
May 87, 212p* EPA/600/2-87/037
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
A feasibility study was conducted to assess the utiliza-
tion of lignin, isolated from a steam-exploded hard-
wood (Tulip poplar) with 95% ethanol and 0.1n NaOH,
as a potential adsorbent for hazardous waste treat-
ment. Eight organic compounds and two heavy metals
were selected to allow comparison of lignin isolates
with activated carbon. It was found that the adsorption
capacity of lignin for heavy metals (chromium and
lead) is comparable to activated carbon, despite a
huge divergence in surface area (0.1 m2/g vs. 1000
m2/g). The surface area discrepancy and the exten-
sive aromatic substitution in lignin macromolecule Im-
peded the achievement of an adsorption capacity of
lignin for polar organic compounds which would allow
it to be cost-competitive with activated carbon al-
though results with phenol and, to a lesser degree,
naphthalene indicate significant potential for achieving
competitive capacities. A recommended plan for sur-
face area and structural enhancement is presented on
the basis that lignin can be developed as an effective
and low-cost adsorbent for polar priority pollutants
and/or as an ion-exchange resins for heavy metal
wastewater clean-up.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Waste treatment,
"Lignin, Activated carbon, Adsorption, Performance,
Water pollution control. Reaction kinetics,
Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), Pristine lignin. Solid
wastes, Liquid wastes.
PB87-191672/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Chlorinated Humic Acid Mixtures Establish Crite-
ria (or Detection of Disinfection Byproducts in
Drinking Water,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
A. A. Stevens, L. A. Moore, C. J. Slocum, B. L. Smith,
and D. R. Seeger. May 87,21p EPA/600/D-87/142
Prepared in cooperation with Iowa Univ., Iowa City.
State Hygienic Lab.
The paper reports on the feasibility of utilizing a chlor-
inated humic acid byproduct database, developed in-
house. as a drinking water quality screening tool. Spe-
cifically, a GC/MS database of over 780 compounds
identified during experiments involving the reaction of
humic acids with chlorine has been compiled and sys-
tematically compared to GC/MS profiles from extracts
of finished drinking water from 10 preselected operat-
ing utilities. A major goal of the research was to narrow
this down to a smaller, more significant target com-
pound list which would be representative of some of
the most frequently encountered chlorination byprod-
ucts in the finished drinking water of utilities practicing
chlorine disinfection. In addition, the study demon-
strates the practicality of using the described method-
ology for concentrating and identifying specific com-
pounds from water samples at low concentrations.
Keywords: "Humic acids, "Potable water, Water qual-
ity, Disinfection, Chemical detection, Chlorination,
Contaminants, Water treatment, "Water pollution con-
trol.
PB87-191680/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
By-Products of Clorination: Specific Compounds
and Their Relationship to Total Organic Halogen,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Public
Health.
D. L. Norwood, G. P. Thompson, J. J. St. Aubin, D. S.
Millington, and R. F. Christman. 1985, 8p EPA/600/D-
87/141
Grant EPA-R-810532
Pub. in Safe Drinking Water: The Impact of Chemicals
on a Limited Resource, Chapter 9, p109-121 1985.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The study reviews the progress to date on the identifi-
cation and quantification of hydrophilic chlorination by-
products, such as trichloroacetic acid, from a variety of
humic substances. Qualitative data are summarized
from several previous studies and compared with more
recent experiments performed on isolated aquatic
humic material. Data are reported which support the
hypothesis that these hydrophilic substances are pro-
duced in greater yield than chloroform and account for
a significant fraction of the total organic halogen mate-
rials produced.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Microorganism
control(Water), "Hypotheses, Disinfectants, Chloro-
form, Chlorination, Water chemistry, Organic com-
pounds, Reprints.
PB87-191698/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Availability of PCBs (Polychlorlnated Biphenyls)
and PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) to
'Mytiiul edulls' from Artificially Resuspended
Sediments,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
R. J. Pruell, J. L. Lake, W. R. Davis, and J. G. Quinn.
1987,16p EPA/600/D-87/140, ERN-599
Pub. in Oceanic Processes in Marine Pollution, Volume
1, Biological Processes and Wastes in the Ocean, p97-
108 1987. Prepared in cooperation with Rhode Island
Univ., Kingston. Graduate School of Oceanography.
Estuarine sediment containing high levels of polychlo-
rinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hy-
drocarbons (PAHs) was resuspended into a flowing
seawater system. Analysis of the dissolved and partic-
ulate phases in the exposure tank indicated a release
of some low molecular weight PCB and PAH com-
pounds from the sediment. Both classes of com-
pounds were rapidly incorporated by blue mussels,
Mytilus edulis maintained in the system, reaching an
apparent equilibrium concentration after twenty days
of exposure. The distribution of both classes of com-
pounds accumulated in the mussels suggested selec-
tive absorption of specific fractions.
Keywords: "Mussels, "Sediments, "Organic com-
pounds, "Water pollution, Tests, Chlorine organic
compounds, Biphenyl, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocar-
bons, Exposure, Adsorption, "Mytilus edulis, Water
pollution effects(Animals), Polychlorlnated biphenyls.
PB87-191706/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Determination of Absorbed Dose of Ozone (03) in
Animal* and Humana Using Stable Isotope
(Oxygen-18) Tracing,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
G. E. Hatch, and M. Aissa. May 87, 26p EPA/600/D-
87/139
Contract EPA-68-02-4032
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
A method for the determination of absorbed dose of
ozone (03) in animals and humans using oxygen-18
(18)0 as a physiological tracer is presented. The ex-
perimental aspects of the method are based on the in-
stantaneous pyrolysis of tissue samples and subse-
quent conversion of the sample oxygen to carbon
monoxide then to carbon dioxide whose isotopic com-
position is determined by isotope-ratio mass spectrom-
etry. A mathematical procedure is then used to correct
the isotopic data for interferences from the blank and
memory effects and from the iodine pentoxide oxida-
tion of CO to C02. Laboratory animals were exposed
to (18)03 (1 ppm, 1 hr) then tissues were dried and
processed for (18)0 measurement. Enrichments in
(18)0 over natural abundance (18)0 was observed in
lung homogenates, nasal cavities, trachea, and pulmo-
nary lavage fluids but not in blood of mice, rats, and
rabbits. Thus, the (18)0 tracing method appears to be
sensitive enough to detect the reaction products of
(18)0 in animals exposed to near environmental con-
centrations of this gas.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Absorption, "Isotopic labeling,
Dosimeters, Laboratory animals, Toxicology, Respira-
tion, Mathematical models, Air pollution, Photochemi-
cal oxidants, Health risk.
PB87-191748/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Oxidative Degradation of Aquatic Humic Material,
North Carolina Univ., Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environmen-
tal Sciences and Engineering.
R. F. Christman, D. L. Norwood, Y. Seo, and F. H.
Frimmel. May 87, 64p EPA/600/D-87/148
Grant EPA-R-810532
Prepared in cooperation with Technische Univ. Muen-
chen (Germany, F.R.). Inst, fuer Wasserchemie und
Chemische Balneologie. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering
Research Lao.
Experimental research on the chemical structure of
aquatic humic material has been stimulated in the last
decade by public health interest in possible adverse
human health effects of reaction by-products of humic
materials with chlorine. The purpose of the paper is to
describe the direction of current research involving re-
action of aquatic humic and fulvic acid selected oxi-
dants, primarily KMn04 and HOC1, which are used in
water treatment, the latter particularly for the control of
infectious agents.
Keywords: "Oxidation reduction reactions, "Degrada-
tion, "Humus, "Water treatment, Chlorination, Public
health, Humic acids, Organic acids, Oxidants, Chlo-
rine, Potassium permanganate, Chloroform, Hypoch-
lorites, Chemical reactions, Aquatic biology, Copper
oxides, Chromatographic analysis, Fluric acids.
PB87-191789/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Management of Water Diatribution System Com-
ponents,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
J. A. Goodrich, C. P. S. Frebis, E. J. Read, and R. M.
Clark. May 87,15p EPA/600/D-87/166
Prepared in cooperation with Computer Sciences
Corp., Cincinnati, OH.
The purpose of the study is to (1) analyze main break
failures and (2) incorporate other drinking water distri-
bution system components into a data base manage-
ment structure for reliability analyses. Reliability analy-
sis should be a part of an overall operation and mainte-
nance strategy evaluating repair, replacement and re-
habilitation of drinking water system components. The
distribution system is an important factor in the cost
and qualify of supplying safe drinking water to the tap.
Keywords: "Distribution systems, "Water distribution,
"Failure, Reliability, Maintenance, Operating costs,
Age, Water pipelines, History, Pressure, Risk, Service
life, Diameters, Comparison, Water quality, "Drinking
water.
PB87-191797/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Neurobehaviorai Effects of Environmental Tobac-
co Smoke,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.
V. A. Benignus. May 87,28p EPA/600/D-87/154
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill. Dept. of Psychology.
In order to try to predict effects of environmental to-
bacco smoke, neurobehaviorai effects of mainstream
smoke were reviewed and, in conjunction with what is
known about body uptake of components of environ-
mental tobacco smoke, conjectures were made about
the probable effect of environmental tobacco smoke.
Effects of mainstream smoke differ in smokers and
nonsmokers. Mainstream smoke has a beneficial
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
effect on vigilance in habitual smokers. The effect in
nonsmokers is less clear and may be disruptive. In
both smokers and nonsmokers mainstream smoke
produces increased tremor and reduced fine motor
skills. The neurobehaviorally active substances in
mainstream smoke appear to be nicotine and carbon
monoxide. It appears that COHb is the more important
con sequence of environmental tobacco smoke for
neurobehavioral effects, since nicotine levels in non-
smokers only reach a small fraction of those in smok-
ers.
Keywords: "Smoking, 'Neurochemistry, 'Human be-
havior, Exposure, Toxicity, Carbon monoxide, Air pollu-
tion, Performance, Nicotine, Environmental health,
'Tobacco smoke pollution, Indoor air pollution.
PB87-191813/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Assessment of Techniques for 'In Situ' Repair of
Flexible Membrane Liners,
Matrecon, Inc., Alameda, CA.
H. E. Haxo. May 87, 71p EPA/600/2-87/038
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The investigation indicated that there is no current
technology that can be used to repair leaks and other
damage in flexible membrane liners (FMLs) that are in
service below wastes. Applying the basic criteria used
in assessing and testing liners and seams in FMLs that
are being installed, it appears highly questionable that
conditions required for preparation of adequate seams
and permanent repairs can be met with FMLs exposed
below wastes. Liners exposed to the weather only can
be repaired if the proper conditions of cleanliness and
dryness are met.
Keywords: "Membranes, "Linings, "Maintenance,
"Waste disposal, Hazardous materials, Storage, Con-
tainers, Leakage, Permeability, Seams(Joints), De-
fects, Damage.
PB87-191821/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Determination of Emission Rates and Concentra-
tion Levels of p-Dichlorobenzene from Moth Re-
pellant,
AcurexCorp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
L. H. Nelms, M. A. Mason, and B. A. Tichenor. May 87,
16p EPA/600/D-87/165
Contract EPA-68-02-3988
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper describes a recently completed EPA study
of the emissions of p-dichlorobenzene from moth re-
pellant. The product, commonly used by the general
population to protect garments from insect damage, is
widely available. Samples, in cake form, were pur-
chased from a local department store for testing under
conditions simulating the manufacturer's recommend-
ed usage. Temperature, relative humidity, and air ex-
change rates for each test were selected to investigate
their effects on the rate of emission of p-dichloroben-
zene from the product. Data were gathered using each
set of test conditions for a period of time sufficient for
the concentration in the chamber to stabilize. Emission
rates were calculated and used to investigate the ef-
fects of the environmental variables.
Keywords: "Moth proofing, "Emission, Air pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Chlorobenzenes, Organ-
ic compounds, "Benzene/dichloro.
PB87-191839/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Organic Emissions from Consumer Products to
the Indoor Environment,
AcurexCorp., Research Triangle Park, NC
B A. Tichenor, and M. A. Mason. May 87,19p EPA/
600/D-87/163
Contract EPA-68-02-3988
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, He-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper discusses EPA studies in small environ-
mental test chambers on a variety of building materials
and consumer products. A number of test conditions
are critical in effectively determining emission rates
(e.g., temperature, humidity, air exchange rate, and
product loading-area of sample/volume of test cham-
ber). In addition, the effects of chamber concentration
and chamber wall effects (i.e., adsorption to and de-
sorption from surfaces) need to be determined. Finally,
the age and condition of the sample affect its emission
rate. All of these variables and phenomena are consid-
ered in the EPA research program.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Construction materials, Or-
ganic compounds, Emission, "Indoor air pollution, Sta-
tionary sources, Consumer products.
PB87-191847/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Radon Mitigation In 10 Clinton, New Jersey
Houses: A Case History,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. C. Osborne, T. Brennan, and L. D. Michaels. May
87, 16p" EPA/600/D-87/164
Contract EPA-68-02-3992
Prepared in cooperation with Camroden Associates,
Rome, NY. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses an EPA radon mitigation demon-
stration project in Clinton, NJ, which included testing
radon reduction techniques in 10 houses. The 10
houses were selected from a group of 56 volunteers in
the Clinton Knolls subdivision. Each of the 10 selected
houses received an intensive radon diagnostic evalua-
tion before a house-specific radon reduction plan was
developed. Before and after the plans were imple-
mented, radon concentrations were determined by
charcoal canisters and continuous radon monitors. A
variety of sealing and sub-slab depressurization tech-
niques were applied to the 10 houses. Radon concen-
trations were reduced by over 95% in all 10 houses.
Three-month alpha track radon measurements will
continue in the radon reduction demonstration houses
for the next 2 years.
Keywords: "Houses, "Radon, Sealing, New Jersey,
"Indoor air pollution, "Air pollution control,
Clinton(New Jersey), Demonstration projects, Radi-
ation monitoring, Depressurization.
PB87-191870/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3): In-
dustrial Lane Site-Operable Unit 1, Northampton
County, Pennsylvania, September 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
29 Sep 86, 35p EPA/ROD/R03-86/028
The Industrial Lane site encompasses approximately
two square miles in Williams Township, Northampton
County, Pennsylvania. A portion of the Chrin Landfill, a
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Re-
sources permitted landfill, is on the site as are several
active and abandoned industrial properties, commer-
cial establishments, railroads and farming/residential
areas. As a result of the detection of low level ground
water contamination, the Chrin Landfill was placed on
the NPL in February 1983. In addition to the prepara-
tion of a Remedial Investigation, two Feasibility Stud-
ies for the Industrial Lane site were also prepared.
While residential wells located upgradient of the Chrin
Landfill have historically contained only background
levels of VOCs, the chemicals detected in wells within
the Glendon Boro residential community represent the
primary contaminants of concern. These include te-
trachloroethene, and chloroform.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution, Inorganic compounds,
Organic compounds, Chrin site, Pennsylvania, "Solid
waste management, "Superfund program, "Land rec-
lamation, "Municipal wastes, "EPA region, Liquid
waste disposal, Northampton County(Pennsylvania).
PB87-191888/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Middletown Road Site, Annapolis, Maryland,
March 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
17 Mar 86 39p EPA/ROD/R03-86/021
The Middletown Road Site is a privately owned waste
dump, consisting of approximately 2.3 acres, located
off Maryland Route 50 near Annapolis, Anne Arundel
County, Maryland. The site operated as a dump, pri-
marily for rubble and construction debris, for several
decades without proper State permits. In 1981, it was
discovered that approximately 40 drums and four
dumpster loads of suspected hazardous substances
were on the site. On June 24, 1983, $384,000 in
CERCLA money was allocated for immediate removal
measures to excavate and remove hazardous sub-
stances and contaminated soil. A remedial investiga-
tion was conducted to determine whether any remedial
action would be needed before deleting the site from
EPA's National Priorities List. Based on the findings of
the Rl, no risk to receptors via direct contact, inhala-
tion, or ingestion was found.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, Site surveys, Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution, Inorganic compounds,
Organic compounds, Middletown Road site, "Solid
waste management, "Superfund program, "Land rec-
lamation, "Municipal wastes, "EPA region, Liquid
waste disposal, Annapolis(Maryland), Anne Arundel
County(Maryland),
PB87-191912/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 121: Prometryn.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
20 Mar 87,10p EPA/540/FS-87/181
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. Description of chemical: Common name;
Prometryn; Other names: Prometryne, Caparol, G-
34161, Gesagard, Primatol Q, Prometrex; Pesticide
type herbicide.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Herbicides, Toxicology, Haz-
ardous materials, Chemical properties, Regulations,
'Toxic substances, "Prometryn, Chemical information
fact sheet, CAS 7287-19-6.
PB87-191920/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 120: Methlocarb.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
31 Mar 87,8p EPA/540/FS-87/180
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. Description of Chemical: Chemical name
- 4-methylthio-3,5-xylylmethylcarbamate; Common
name - methiocarb; Trade names - mercaptodimethur,
metmercapturnon, mesurol, methiocarbe, Bay 37344,
and H-321; Pesticide type - Insecticide, acaricide; mol-
luscicide; and bird and rodent repellent; Use Patterns
and Formulations: Application sites - Corn and sun-
flower fields, fruit, orchards, blueberries, ginseng, avp-
cadoes, peppers, ornamentals, greenhouses, lawns
and turf.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Carbamates, Toxicology,
Hazardous materials, Chemical properties. Regula-
tions, Ecology, Agricultural products, Acaricides, In-
secticides, Rodenticides, "Toxic substances, "Methio-
carb, Chemical information sheet, CAS 2032-65-7.
PB87-191938/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 123: Propham.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Pesticide Programs.
31 Mar 87,12p EPA/540/FS-87/183
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. Description of chemical: Generic name
isopropyl carbanilate; Common name propham; Trade
name Chem-Hoe, Birgin, Triherbide; Pesticide type
herbicide.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Herbicides, "Carbamates
Toxicology, Hazardous materials, Chemical properties'
Regulations, Ecology, Agricultural products, •Toxic-
substances, 'Propham, Path of pollutants, Chemical
information fact sheet, CAS 122-42-9.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-192522/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 122: Dichlobenil.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
23 Mar 87, 10p EPA/540/FS-B7/182
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A fact sheet is issued after one of the fol-
lowing actions has occurred: issuance or reissuance of
a registration standard; issuance of each special
review document; registration of a significantly
changed use pattern; registration of a new chemical;
an immediate need for information to resolve contro-
versial issues relating to a specific chemical or use pat-
tern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology. Ecology, Her-
bicides, Agricultural products, 'Toxic substances,
'Dichlrobenil, Path of pollutants, Chemical information
fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, Benzoni-
trile/dichloro, CAS 1194-65-6, Environmental fate.
PB87-192548/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Relationships between Water Quality and Corro-
sion of Plumbing Materials in Buildings. Volume 1.
Galvanized Steel and Copper Plumbing Systems.
Final rept. Apr 81 -Apr 85,
Illinois State Water Survey Div., Champaign.
C. H. Neff, M. R. Schock, and J. I. Marden. 1987,149p
SWS/CR-416-1, EPA/600/2-87/036A
Grant EPA-R-808566-02
See also Volume 2, PB87-192555. Prepared in coop-
eration with Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati,
OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
A study was conducted on the interrelationships of
corrosion rates, metal concentrations, and water qual-
ity occurring within galvanized steel and copper plumb-
ing systems. A comprehensive water sampling pro-
gram was implemented to quantify the total metal con-
centrations and the major inorganic constituents found
in standing and running water samples. Corrosion
rates were measured by using the ASTM D2688 corro-
sion tester. Lead, zinc, copper, iron, and manganese
exceeded the MCL in 10.6% to 25.6% of the standing
samples and in 2.2% to 16.0% of the running samples
collected.
Keywords: 'Corrosion, "Plumbing, 'Buildings, 'Water
quality, Copper, Galvanized materials, Steel, Sam-
pling, Lead, Metals, Statistical data, Pipes(Tubes).
PB87-1925S5/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Relationship between Water Quality and Corro-
sion of Plumbing Material in Buildings. Volume 2.
Appendices. Final rept. Apr 81-Apr 85,
Illinois State Water Survey Div., Champaign.
C. H. Neff, M. R. Schock, and J. I. Marden. May 87,
108p SWS/CR-416-2, EPA/600/2-87/036B
Grant EPA-R-808566-02
See also Volume 1, PB87-192548. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water
Engineering Research Lab.
A study was conducted on the interrelationships of
corrosion rates, metal concentrations, and water qual-
ity occurring within galvanized steel and copper plumb-
ing systems. A comprehensive water sampling pro-
gram was implemented to quantify the total metal con-
centrations and the major inorganic constituents found
in standing and running water samples. Corrosion
rates were measured by using the ASTM D2688 corro-
sion tester.
Keywords: 'Corrosion, 'Plumbing, 'Buildings, "Water
quality, Copper, Galvanized materials, Steel, Sam-
pling, Lead, Metals, Statistical data, Pipes(Tubes).
PB87-192597/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Guidance Manual for Electroplating and Metal Fin-
ishing Pretreatment Standards. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
M. Belefski. Feb 84, 74p EPA/440/1-84/091G
The manual will provide guidance to Publicly Owned
Treatment Works (POTWS) on the application and en-
forcement of the Categorical Pretreatment Standards
for the Electroplating and Metal Finishing Categories.
The document is based primarily on two sources: Fed-
eral Register notices, which include the official an-
nouncements of the Categorical Standards, and the
Final Development Documents for Electroplating and
Metal Finishing, which provide a summary of the tech-
nical support for the regulations. Additional information
on the regulations, manufacturing processes, and con-
trol technologies can be found in these sources. A list-
ing of the references used in the development of the
manual is provided at the end of the document.
Keywords: 'Electroplating, 'Metal finishing, 'Stand-
ards, Waste treatment, Monitors, Regulations, Manu-
als.
PB87-192605/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
State Revolving Loan Program for Financing Illi-
nois Wastewater Treatment Needs.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
Jan 87, 76p IEPA/WPC/86-021
Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
The paper discusses a feasibility study on implement-
ing a State Revolving Fund (SRF) program in Illinois for
funding municipal sewage treatment facilities. The
conclusion of the study indicates that an SRF is feasi-
ble and should be implemented if full advantage is to
be taken of the estimated $450 million in federal funds
that are expected to be available under revisions to the
Clean Water Act.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Financing, Grants,
Feasibility, "State Revolving Fund program, Clean
Water Act, Municipal wastes, Illinois.
PB87-192670/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Development Document for Interim Final Effluent
Limitations, Guidelines and Proposed New Source
Performance Standards for the Hospital Point
Source Category,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Effluent Guidelines Div.
F. Hund. Apr 76,134p EPA/440/1-76/060N
The document presents the findings of a study of the
hospital point source category for the purpose of de-
veloping effluent limitations and guidelines for existing
point sources, standards of performance for new point
sources, and pretreatment standards for new sources,
to implement Sections 301 (b), 301 (c), 304 (b), 304
(c), 306 (b), 306 (c) 307 (b), and 307 (c) of the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act, as amended (33 U.S.C.
1251,1311,1314(b) and (c), 1316(b) and (c), 86 Stat.
816 et. seq.) (the 'Act').
Keywords: 'Effluents, Models, Performance stand-
ards, Process control, Guidelines, Activated sludge
process, Hospitals, 'Pollution control.
PB87-192712/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 94.1: 2,4-Dlchloro-
phenoxyacetic Acid.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Mar 87, 7p EPA/540/FS-87/189
Supersedes PB87-114161.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. Description of Chemical: Common
name: 2,4-D (includes parent acid as well as the 35 de-
rivatives (esters and salts)); Pesticide type: Herbicide,
plant growth regulator; Use Patterns and Formulations:
2,4-D is a systemic herbicide widely used to control
broadleaf weeds. Agricultural wheat, field corn, grain
sorghum, sugar cane, rice, barley, soybeans, orchard
crops; Aquatic management: water hyacinth control;
lakes, ponds.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Herbicides, Toxicology, Haz-
ardous materials, Chemical properties, Regulations,
Ecology, Agricultural products, 'Toxic .substances,
Path of pollutants, Chemical information fact sheet
Acetic acid/dichlorophenoxy, CAS 94-75-7
PB87-192720/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 124: Nabam.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Apr 87,10p EPA/540/FS-87/184
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. Description of Chemical: Generic name
Disodium ethylene bisdithiocarbamate; Common
name Nabam; Trade names Chem Bam; Dithane D-14;
Dithane A-40; DSE; Nabasan; Parzate; Spring Bak;
Pesticide type Fungicide; Use Patterns and Formula-
tions: Registered uses Industrial sites; Major uses Do-
mestic usage of nabam as a pesticide.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Fungicides, Toxicology, Haz-
ardous materials, Chemical properties, Regulations,
Ecology, "Toxic substances, "Nabam, Industrial
sector. Path of pollutants, Chemical information fact
sheet, Thiocarbamates, CAS 142-59-6, Ethylencbis-
dithiocarbamates.
PB87-192738/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 125: Mancozeb.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Apr 87,11 p EPA/540/FS-87/185
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. Description of Chemical: Generic name
Manganese ethylene bisdithiocarbamate; Common
name Mancozeb; Trade name Dithane M-45, Manzate
200, Fore; Pesticide type Fungicide (with minor insecti-
cide use); Use Patterns and Formulations: Application
sites, terestrial food and nonfood corps, aquatic (food),
greenhouse (nonfood), forestry, outdoor domestic;
Major crops treated Apples, potatoes, and tomatoes.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Toxicology, Hazardous materi-
als, Chemical properties, Ecology, Agricultural prod-
ucts, "Toxic substances, "Mancozeb, Path of pollut-
ants, Maneb, Chemical information fact sheet, CAS
8018-01 -7, Manganese/bis(dithiocarbamato)-ethyl.
PB87-192746/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 126: Isomate-M.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
31 Apr 87, 6p EPA/540/FS-87/186
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. Description of Biochemical Pesticide
(Pheromone): Common name Oriental fruit Moth Pher-
omone; Trade name isomate-M; Use Pattern and
formulation(s): application site six-inch polyethylene
tie-ons for fruit trees in orchards (specifically peaches
and nectarines). Pests controlled Oriental fruit moth
(Grapholitha molesta).
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hormones, Toxicology, Haz-
ardous materials. Chemical properties, Regulations,
Agricultural products, "Toxic substances, "Oriental
fruit moth pheromone, "Pheromones, Chemical infor-
mation fact sheet, CAS 410C.
PB87-192753/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 127: EPN.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Apr 87,12p EPA/540/FS-87/187
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, (5) An immediate need for information to re-
solve controversial issues relating to a specific chemi-
cal or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics. Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials. Agricul-
tural products, Concentration(Composition), Public
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
health, Regulations, Ecology, Manufacturing, Toxicol-
ogy, Insecticides, Organic phosphates, "Reregistra-
tion, "Toxic substances, 'Phosphonothioic acid/ethyl-
(nitrophenyl-ester)-phenyl, EPN insecticide, Federal
Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, Health haz-
ards, CAS 2104-64-5.
PB87-192787/HSU	PC A21/MF A01
Coke Oven Emissions from Wet-Coal Charged By-
product Coke Oven Batteries - Background Infor-
mation for Proposed Standards. Draft environmen-
tal impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Apr 87, 487p EPA/450/3-85/028A
National emission standards to control coke oven
emissions from new and existing wet-coal charged by-
product coke oven batteries are being proposed under
Section 112 of the Clean Air Act. The standards apply
to charging, topside, and door leaks. The document
contains information on the background and authority,
emission control techniques, regulatory alternatives
considered, and the economic and health impacts as-
sociated with the proposed standards.
Keywords: "Combustion products, "Coking, Industrial
plants, Ovens, Health, Exposure, Standards, Emis-
sions, Work environments, Air pollution standards.
PB67-193041 /HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticede Fact Sheet Number 119: Fenbutatln-
oxlde.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
31 Mar 87, 8p EPA/540/FS-87/179
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. Description of Chemical: Generic name -
bis(tris(2-methyl-2-phenylpropyl)tin) oxide or hexa-
kis(2-methyl-2-phenylpropyl)-distannoxane; Common
name - Fenbutatin-oxide; Trade name - Vendex, Fen-
butatin oxyde, SD 14114, Torque, Neostanox, and
Osadan; Pesticide type - Arcaricide; Use Patterns and
Formulations: Application sites - fruit crops, field crops,
and ornamentals.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Acaricides, Hazardous mate-
rials, Toxicology, Regulations, Agricultural products,
Toxic substances, "Fenbutatin oxide, Path of pollut-
ants, Chemical information fact sheet, CAS 13356-08-
6.
EB8Z'??3058/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 68.1: Dlflubenzuron.
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
11 Mar 87, 8p EPA/540/FS-87/190
Supersedes PB87-111951.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. Description of Chemical: Generic name
N-(((4-chlorophenyl)amino)carbonyl)-2,6-
difluorobenzamide; Common name diflubenzuron;
Trade names Dimilin, Micromite, Vigilante; Pesticide
type Benzamide chitin inhibitor; Application sites: Agri-
cultural crops. Forests, Ornamentals, Pasture, Green-
house.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Toxicology, Hazardous materi-
als, Regulations, Ecology, Agricultural products, 'Diflu-
benzuron, "Toxic substances, Path of pollutants,
Chemical	information	fact	sheet,
Benzamide(((chlorophenyl)-amino)-carbonyl)-difluoro,
CAS 35367-38-5.
PB87-193066/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 65.1: Dinocap.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC,
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Oct 86,4p EPA/540/FS-87/188
Supersedes PB87-111480.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency s regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. Description of the Chemical: Common
name Dinocap: Trade names Karathane, Mildex, Dikar;
Pesticide type Fungicide; Use Patterns and Formula-
tions: Application sites apples, pears, grapes, apricots,
melons, cantaloupes, cucumbers, peaches, pumpkins,
raspberries, squash, nursery stock, ornamentals, and
home gardens.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Nitrophenols, Toxicology,
Hazardous materials, Chemical properties, Regula-
tions, Ecology, Agricultural products, "Toxic sub-
stances, "Dinocap, Chemical information fact sheet,
CAS 131-72-6.
PB87-193298/HSU	CP T03
National Surface Water Survey: Eastern Lake
Survey, Phase 1 (ELS-1), 1984 (SAS Data Tape).
Data file,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. Landers, and J. Blick. Aug 86, mag tape EPA/600/
4-86/007G, EPA/DF/MT-87/024
See also PB87-110383, PB87-110391, PB87-110409,
PB87-193306, PB87-193314, PB87-193322, and
PB87-193330.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products if you have questions.
The Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I (ELS-I), conducted
in the fall of 1984, was the first part of a long-term
effort by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
known as the National Surface Water Survey. It was
designed to synoptically quantify the surface water
quality of the United States in areas expected to exhib-
it low buffering capacity. This effort was in support of
the National Acid Deposition Assessment Program.
The Survey involved a three-month field effort in which
1612 probability sample lakes and 186 special interest
lakes in the northeast, southeast, and upper midwest
regions of the United States were sampled. The data
base supporting this effort was designed and data
management was implemented by the Environmental
Sciences Division of the Oak Ridge National Laborato-
ry. The document provides the information necessary
for researchers to transfer the ELS-I data base accu-
rately to their own computer systems. A data diction-
ary, this document also includes complete descriptions
of the variables in the data base and of the data set
formats. This data file is in the SAS format.
Keywords: "Datafile, "Lakes, "Surface waters. Acidity,
Water quality, Regions, United States, Magnetic tapes,
Surveys, ELS-I data base, Data dictionaries.
PB87-193306/HSU	CP T03
National Surface Water Survey: Eastern Lake
Survey, Phase 1 (ELS-1), 1984 (SAS Export Data
Tape). Data file,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. Landers, and J. Blick. Aug 86, mag tape EPA/600/
4-86/007D, EPA/DF/MT-87/023
See also PB87-) 10383, PB87-110391, PB87-110409,
PB87-110375, PB87-193298, PB87-193314, PB87-
193322, and PB87-193330.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products if you have questions.
The Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I (ELS-I), conducted
in the fall of 1984, was the first part of a long-term
effort by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
known as the National Surface Water Survey. It was
designed to synoptically quantify the surface water
quality of the United States in areas expected to exhib-
it low buffering capacity. This effort was in support of
the National Acid Deposition Assessment Program.
The Survey involved a three-month field effort in which
1612 probability sample lakes and 186 special interest
lakes in the northeast, southeast, and upper midwest
regions of the United States were sampled. The data
base supporting this effort was designed and data
management was implemented by the Environmental
Sciences Division of the Oak Ridge National Laborato-
ry. This document provides the information necessary
for researchers to transfer the ELS-I data base accu-
rately to their own computer systems. A data diction-
ary, this document also includes complete descriptions
of the variables in the data base and of the data set
formats. This data file is in the SAS Format.
Keywords: "Data file, "Surface waters, "Lakes, Acidity,
Water quality, Regions, United States, Magnetic tapes,
Surveys, ELS-I data base, Data dictionaries.
PB87-193314/HSU	CP T03
National Surface Water Survey: Eastern Lake
Survey, Phase I (ELS-1), 1984 (EBCDIC Tape). Data
file,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. Landers, and J. Blick. Aug 86, mag tape EPA/600/
4-86/007F, EPA/DF/MT-87/025
See also PB87-110383, PB87-110391, PB87-110409
PB87-110375, PB87-193298, PB87-193306, PB87-
193322, and PB87-193330.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products if you have questions.
The Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I (ELS-I), conducted
in the fall of 1984, was the first part of a long-term
effort by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
known as the National Surface Water Survey. It was
designed to synoptically quantify the surface water
quality of the United States in areas expected to exhib-
it low buffering capacity. This effort was in support of
the National Acid Deposition Assessment Program.
The Survey involved a three-month field effort in which
1612 probability sample lakes and 186 special interest
lakes in the northeast, southeast, and upper midwest
regions of the United States were sampled. The data
base supporting this effort was designed and data
management was implemented by the Environmental
Sciences Division of the Oak Ridge National Laborato-
ry. This document provides the information necessary
for researchers to transfer the ELS-I data base accu-
rately to their own computer systems. A data diction-
ary, this document also includes complete descriptions
of the variables in the data base and of the data set
formats.
Keywords: "Data file, "Surface waters, "Lakes, Acidity,
Water quality, Regions, United States, Surveys, Mag-
netic tapes, ELS-I data base, Data dictionaries.
PB87-193322/HSU	CP T03
National Surface Water Survey: Eastern Lake
Survey, Phase 1 (ELS-1), 1984 (ASCII Tap*). Data
file,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. Landers, and J. Blick. Aug 86,1 p EPA/600/4-86/
007E, EPA/DF/MT-87/026
See also PB87-110383, PB87-110391, PB87-110409,
PB87-110375, PB87-193298, PB87-193306, PB87-
193314, PB87-193330.
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. Call NTIS
Computer Products if you have questions.
The Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I (ELS-I), conducted
in the fall of 1984, was the first part of a long-term
effort by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
known as the National Surface Water Survey. It was
designed to synoptically quantify the surface water
quality qf the United States in areas expected to exhib-
it low buffering capacity. This effort was in support of
the National Acid Deposition Assessment Program,
The Survey involved a three-month field effort in which
1612 probability sample lakes and 186 special interest
lakes in the northeast, southeast, and upper mid-west
regions of the United States were sampled. The data
base supporting this effort was designed and data
management was implented by the Environmental Sci-
ences Division of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
This document provides the information necessary for
researchers to transfer the ELS-I data base accurately
to their own computer systems. A data dictionary, this
document also includes complete descriptions of the
variables in the data base and of the data set formats.
Keywords: "Data file, "Surface waters, "Lakes, Acidity,
Water quality, Regions, United States, Surveys, Mag-
netic tapes, ELS-I data base, Data dictionaries.
PB87-193330/HSU	CP DOS
National Surface Water Survey: Eastern Lake
Survey, Phase 1 (ELS-1), 1984 (for Microcomput-
ers). Data file,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. Landers, and J. Blick. Aug 86, 2 diskettes EPA/600/
4-86/007I, EPA/DF/DK-87/029
See also PB87-110383, PB87-110391, PB87-110409
PB87-110375, PB87-193298, PB87-193306, PB87-
193314, and PB87-193322.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The data lile is contained on 5 1 /4-inch, double sided,
double density diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC
microcomputer. The diskettes are in the ASCII format.
The Eastern Lake Survey-Phase I (ELS-I), conducted
in the fall of 1984, was the first part of a long-term
effort by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
known as the National Surface Water Survey. It was
designed to synoptically quantify the surface water
quality of the United States in areas expected to exhib-
it low buffering capacity. This effort was in support of
the National Acid Deposition Assessment Program.
The Survey involved a three-month field effort in which
1612 probability sample lakes and 186 special interest
lakes in the northeast, southeast, and upper midwest
regions of the United States were sampled. The data
base supporting this effort was designed and data
management was implemented by the Environmental
Sciences Division of the Oak Ridge National Laborato-
ry. This document provides the information necessary
for researchers to transfer the ELS-I data base accu-
rately to their own computer systems. A data diction-
ary, this document also includes complete descriptions
of the variables in the data base and of the data set
formats.
Keywords: "Data file, 'Surface waters, "Lakes, Acidity,
Water quality, Regions, United States, Surveys, Mag-
netic tapes, ELS-I data base, Data dictionaries.
PB87-193348/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act)
Personnel Training Guidance Manual for Owners
or Operators of Hazardous Waste Management
Facilities. Draft rept.
AWARE, Inc., Nashville, TN.
Sep 80, 93p EPA/SW-915
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste and Emergen-
cy Response.
The manual provides guidance to an audience consist-
ing of owners or operators of hazardous waste man-
agement facilities and also regulatory personnel re-
sponsible for facility permitting. Information is provided
concerning general training strategies and program
design, types of training, training modules pertinent to
hazardous waste management, suggested training
module elements, and sources of information.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials. Personnel develop-
ment, Regulations, Decontamination, Safety, Equip-
ment, Operations, 'Waste management, Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act, 'Training.
PB87-193355/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Facilities Storing or Treating Hazardous Waste In
Tanks: A Technical Resource Document for
Permit Writers. Draft rept.
Hart (Fred C.) Associates, Inc., Washington, DC.
Nov 82,132p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste and Emergen-
cy Response.
The purpose of the manual is to provide guidance for
permit writers in the implementation of Part 264, Sub-
part J, of the Code of Federal Regulations which sets
forth regulations for facilities that use tanks to treat or
store hazardous waste. The material is meant for guid-
ance purposes only and is not meant to replace data
and information that are specific to the facility being
assessed.
Keywords: 'Tanks(Containers), 'Storage tanks, Regu-
lations, Design criteria, Structural design, Inspection,
Operating costs, Waste treatment, Manuals, 'Hazard-
ous wastes.
PB87-183371/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Quids for Preparing RCRA (Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act) Permit Applications for
Existing Storage Facilities.
Kearney (A.T.), Inc., Alexandria, VA.
1982. 292p
Prepared in cooperation with PEDCo-Environmental,
Inc., Cincinnati, OH. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response,
The purpose of the preliminary guidance document is
to assist the owners and operators of hazardous waste
management facilities in the preparation of their Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Permit
Applications. Its intent is to provide sufficient informa-
tion and detail to enable a facility to submit an applica-
tion; however, in some situations, certain regulations
may not apply to every facility.
Keywords: 'Wastes, 'Hazardous materials, "Licenses,
Waste disposal, Waste treatment, Facilities manage-
ment, Instructions, Regulations, Storage, 'Waste man-
agement, Applicants, RCRA(Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act).
PB87-193389/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Model Permit for Hazardous Waste Treatment,
Storage, and Disposal Facilities.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
2 Apr 84,41p
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The model permit has been developed to provide a
standard permit format for facilities that store, treat, or
dispose of hazardous wastes. The model is divided
into parts and will eventually cover all types of facilities
that require permits under RCRA. At present parts
have been developed that cover permit conditions for
tank and container storage, and incinerators.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Licenses, 'Hazardous
materials, Regulations, Storage, Models, Incinerators,
Containers, Tanks(Containers).
PB87-193397/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Final Draft Guidance for Subpart G of the interim
Status Standards for Owners and Operators of
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage and Dispos-
al Facilities. Final rept.,
General Research Corp., McLean, VA. Management
Systems Div.
R. R. Severn, N. Leggett, P. P. Neill, R. E. Burt, and K.
Chrisman. Nov 81,243p
Contract EPA-68-01 -5794
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste and Emergen-
cy Response.
The purpose of this guidance document is to assist in
implementing closure and post-closure plans. The
document concentrates on the closure plans specific
to six types of Treatment, Storage, or Disposal Facili-
ties (TSDF): tanks; surface impoundments; land treat-
ment facilities; landfills; incinerators; and multiple proc-
ess facilities. This document clarifies the concepts,
definitions, and rationale behind the requirements;
identifies the major issues that affect closure and post-
closure requirements; discusses site-specific factors
that affect closure and post-closure plans; clarifies the
role of the Regional Office in evaluating these plans;
provides guidance to owners or operators who need to
develop closure and post-closure plans.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, Waste treatment, Inciner-
ators, Regulations, Hazardous materials, Tanks,
Ground water, Monitors, Guidelines, Performance
standards, Closures, TSDF(Treatment Storage or Dis-
posal Facilities).
PB87-193421/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Hazardous Waste In Selected Florida CountlM,
Study Area Data: Generator Data and Characteris-
tics of Sanitary Landfills, First interim Report,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee.
R. C. Herndon, and J. E. Moerlins. May 87,787p EPA/
600/4-87/015A
Grant EPA-R-812749
See also PB87-193439. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The purpose of the report is to provide data to the U.S.
EPA on the use of sanitary landfills for hazardous
waste disposal in Florida by small quantity generators.
The report was completed in two stages, each result-
ing in a three volume interim report. The first interim
report contains data on 22 additional counties. Each
interim report consists of one volume called Study
Area Data, where the data are aggregated across all
counties included in that report. The hazardous waste
data are cross tabulated and displayed in the following
seven configurations: types of wastes generated (26
types); management methods used (14 methods);
types of wastes disposed in sanitary landfills; SIC gen-
erating waste; types of wastes generated by SIC; man-
agement methods used by SIC; and, waste types by
SIC by management method.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Solid waste dispos-
al, "Earth fills, Surveys, Classifications, Counties, In-
dustries, Management, Sites, Urban areas, Age,
Metals, Solvents, Pesticides, Electric batteries,
Tables(Data), Paints, "Sanitary landfills.
PB87-193439/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Veqas,
NV.
Hazardous Waste in Selected Florida Counties,
County Data: Generator Data and Characteristics
of Sanitary Landfills, First Interim Report. Volume
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee.
R. C. Herndon, and J. E. Moerlins. May 87, 914p EPA/
600/4-87/015B
Grant EPA-R-812749
See also PB87-193421 and PB87-193447. Sponsored
by Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
The purpose of the report is to provide data to the U.S.
EPA on the use of sanitary landfills for hazardous
waste disposal in Florida by small quantity generators.
The report was completed in two stages, each result-
ing in a three volume interim report. The first interim
report contains data on 22 additional counties. Infor-
mation is provided on all permitted sanitary landfills
that are currently active in the county. There are 67
counties in Florida, and the 43 included in the report
represent more than 90% of total state population and
manufacturing activity. The report contains survey
data from approximately 12,000 hazardous waste gen-
erators that reside in 488 industries. The hazardous
waste data are cross tabulated and displayed in the
following seven configurations: types of wastes gener-
ated (26 types); management methods used (14 meth-
ods); types of wastes disposed in sanitary landfills; SIC
generating waste; types of wastes generated by SIC;
management methods used by SIC; and, waste types
by SIC by management method.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste dispos-
al, 'Earth fills, Florida, Surveys, Classifications. Coun-
ties, Urban areas, Industries, Management, Sites, Pop-
ulations, Age, Paints, Metals, Solvents, Lead(Metal),
Oils, Electric batteries, Volume, Tables(Data), 'Sani-
tary landfills.
PB87-193447/HSU	PC A99/MF E06
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Hazardous Waste in Selected Florida Counties,
County Data: Generator Data and Characteristics
of Sanitary Landfills, First Interim Report. Volume
2,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee.
R. C. Herndon, and J. E. Moerlins. May 87,1061 p
EPA/600/4-87/015C
Grant EPA-R-812749
See also PB87-193439 and PB87-193454. Sponsored
by Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
The purpose of the report is to provide data to the U.S.
EPA on the use of sanitary landfills for hazardous
waste disposal in Florida by small quantity generators.
The report was completed in two stages, each result-
ing in a three volume interim report. The first interim
report contains data on 22 additional counties. Infor-
mation is provided on all permitted sanitary landfills
that are currently active in the county. There are 67
counties in Florida, and the 43 included in the report
represent more than 90% of total state population and
manufacturing activity. The hazardous waste data are
cross tabulated and displayed in the following seven
configurations: types of wastes generated (26 types);
management methods used (14 methods);'types of
wastes disposed in sanitary landfills; SIC generating
waste; types of wastes generated by SIC; manage-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ment methods used by SIC; and, waste types by SIC
by management method.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Solid waste dispos-
al, 'Earth fills, 'Florida, Surveys, Classifications, Coun-
ties, Industries, Management, Sites, Urban areas,
Paints, Age, Metals, Solvents, Pesticides, Electric bat-
teries, Volume, Tables(Data), 'Sanitary landfills.
PB87-193454/HSU	PC A99/MF E06
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Hazardous Waste in Selected Florida Counties,
Study Area Data: Generator Data and Characteris-
tics of Sanitary Landfills, Second Interim Report,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee.
R. C. Herndon, and J. E. Moerlins. May 87, 1149p
EPA/600/4-87/015D
Grant EPA-R-812749
See also PB87-193447 and PB87-193462. Sponsored
by Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
The purpose of the report is to provide data to the U.S.
EPA on the use of sanitary landfills for hazardous
waste disposal in Florida by small quantity generators.
The report was completed in two stages, each result-
ing in a three volume interim report. Each interim report
consists of one volume called Study Area Data, where
the data are aggregated across all counties included in
that report. The other two volumes of each interim
report contain data at the individual county level. Infor-
mation is provided -on all permitted sanitary landfills
that are currently active in the county. The hazardous
waste data are cross tabulated and displayed in the
following seven configurations: types of wastes gener-
ated (26 types); management methods used (14 meth-
ods); types of wastes disposed in sanitary landfills; SIC
generating waste; types of wastes generated by SIC;
management methods used by SIC; and, waste types
by SIC by management method. The last cross tabula-
tion consists of 14 sub cross tabulations, one for each
management method.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste dispos-
al, 'Earth fills, "Florida, Surveys, Classifications, In-
dustries, Counties, Management, Sites, Urban areas,
Age, Paints, Metals, Solvents, Pesticides, Electric bat-
teries, Volume, Tables(Data), "Sanitary landfills.
PB87-193462/HSU	PC A99/MF E06
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
Hazardous Waste in Selected Florida Counties,
County Data: Generator Data and Characteristics
of Sanitary Landfills, Second Interim Report.
Volume 1,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee.
R. C. Herndon, and J. E. Moerlins. May 87,1081 p
EPA/600/4-87/015E
Grant EPA-R-812749
See also PB87-193454 and PB87-193470. Sponsored
by Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
The purpose of the report is to provide data to the U.S.
EPA on the use of sanitary landfills for hazardous
waste disposal in Florida by small quantity generators.
The report was completed in two stages, each result-
ing in a three volume interim report. Each interim report
consists of one volume called Study Area Data, where
the data are aggregated across all counties included in
that report. Information is provided on all permitted
sanitary landfills that are currently active in the county.
The hazardous waste data are cross tabulated and dis-
played in the following seven configurations: types of
wastes generated (26 types); management methods
used (14 methods); types of wastes disposed in sani-
tary landfills; SIC generating wastes; types of wastes
generated by SIC; management methods used by SIC;
and, waste types by SIC by management method.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste dispos-
al "Earthfills, "Florida, Surveys, Classifications, Coun-
ties Industries, Management, Sites. Urban areas.
Paints Age Metals, Solvents, Pesticides, Electric bat-
teries Volume, Tables(Data), "Sanitary landfills.
PB87-193470/HSU	PC A99/MF E08
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Hazardous Waste in Selected Florida Counties,
County Data: Generator Data and Characteristics
of Sanitary Landfills, Second Interim Report.
Volume 2,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee.
R. C. Herndon, and J. E. Moerlins. May 87,1284p
EPA/600/4-87/015F
Grant EPA-R-812749
See also PB87-193462. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The purpose of the report is to provide data to the U.S.
EPA on the use of sanitary landfills for hazardous
waste disposal in Florida by small quantity generators.
Each interim report consists of one volume called
Study Area Data, where the data are aggregated
across all counties included in that report. The hazard-
ous waste data are cross tabulated and displayed in
the following seven configurations: types of wastes
generated (26 types); management methods used (14
methods); types of wastes disposed in sanitary land-
fills; SIC generating waste; types of wastes generated
by SIC; management methods used by SIC; and,
waste types by SIC by management method. The last
cross tabulation consists of 14 sub cross tabulations,
one for each management method.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Solid waste dispos-
al, 'Earth fills, "Florida, Surveys, Classifications, Coun-
ties, Industries, Management, Sites, Age, Urban areas,
Paints, Lubricants. Solvents, Metals, Photography,
Electric batteries, Tables(Data), "Sanitary landfills.
PB87-193546/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor Investigation of
the Gas-Phase Reaction of Hydroxyl Radicals and
Toluene. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
M. W. Gery, D. L. Fox, H. E. Jeffries, L. Stockburger,
and W. S. Weathers. c1985,27p EPA/600/J-85/487
Pub. in International Jnl. of Chemical Kinetics, v17
p931-955 1985. Prepared in cooperation with North
Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environmental
Sciences and Engineering.
A continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) was used to
study the gas phase reaction between HO and tolu-
ene. HO was generated by the in situ photolysis of ni-
trous acid. Flow reactor operation at steady state con-
ditions with a residence time of 20 minutes allowed in-
vestigation of primary and very rapid secondary reac-
tions. CSTR and batch reactor experiments were also
performed with selected products. Both gas phase and
aerosol products were identified by chromatography
and mass spectroscopy, with total product yields be-
tween 55 and 75 percent of reacted carbon. Toluene
reaction products included cresols, nitrocresols, nitro-
toluenes, 3,5-dinitrotoluene, benzaldehyde, benzyl ni-
trate. nitrophenols. methyl-p-benzoquinone, methylg-
lyoxal, glyoxal, formaldehyde, methyl nitrate, PAN and
CO. The fraction of HO methyl hydrogen abstraction
was calculated to be 0.13 + or - 0.04. The ratio of re-
action rate constants for nitrotoluene versus cresol for-
mation from the HO adduct was calculated to be about
3.3 x 10,000. Also, the ratio of cresol formation versus
02 addition to the HO adduct was estimated to be >
or = 0.55. Comparisons of these measurements with
previous values and the implications with respect to
photochemical kinetics modeling of the atmosphere
are discussed. (Copyright (c) 1985 John Wiley and
Sons, Inc.)
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Smog, Photochemical reac-
tions, Aerosols, Trace elements, Mass spectroscopy.
Aromatic hydrocarbons, Toluene, Gas chromatogra-
phy, Reprints, CSTR(Continuous Stirred Tank Reac-
tor).'
PB87-193611/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Field Exposure Study for Determining the Effects
of Acid Deposition on the Corrosion and Deterio-
ration of Materials: Description of Program and
Preliminary Result*. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
D. R. Flinn, S. D. Cramer, J. P. Carter, and J. W.
Spence. 1985,31 p EPA/600/J-85/485
Pub. in Durability of Building Materials, v3 p147-175
1985. Prepared in cooperation with Bureau of Mines,
Avondale, MD. Avondale Research Center.
Materials exposure sites, fully instrumented to charac-
terize environmental parameters related to air quality.
meteorology, and rain chemistry, have been estab-
lished at four locations in the eastern and northeastern
United States to study the effects of acid precipitation
on atmospheric damage to metals, exterior paints, and
building stone. A fifth, midwestern site has recently
been added to the program. Utilizing short-term, sea-
sonal, and long-term exposures, the corrosion behav-
ior of five metal alloys (1010 carbon steel, Cor-Ten A,
3003-H14 aluminum, 110 copper, and 191 zinc) and
two coated-steel products (galvanized steel and Gal-
valume) commonly used outdoors have been charac-
terized using gravimetric, surface analytical, and corro-
sion film chemistry measurements. Monthly exposures
indicate that the environments at the sites are signifi-
cantly different in their effects on the metals.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric corrosion, "Exposure,
Metals, Corrosion, Carbon steels, Aluminum alloys!
Copper alloys, Zinc alloys, Air quality, Field tests, Coat-
ings,, Pollution, Weathering, Paints, Reprints, "Acid
rain.
PB87-193629/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Resampling and Extreme Value Statistics in Air
Quality Model Performance Evaluation. Journal ar-
ticle,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
S. T. Rao, G. Sistla, V. Pagnotti, W. B. Petersen, and J.
S. Irwin. c1985,18p
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment,vl 9 n9 p1503-1518
1985. Prepared in cooperation with New York State
Dept. of Environmental Conservation, Albany.
Specific data analysis techniques that will reveal the
performance of air quality models in simulating the
measured concentrations' cumulative distribution are
discussed. The paper presents two types of analysis to
compare model predictions with the measurements. In
one analysis, extreme value statistics and the fitting of
tail exponential distributions to both measured and
predicted values are used in various ways to see if the
measured and predicted values fit such distributions
and to what degree the higher values of the cumulative
frequency distributions coincide. In the second analy-
sis, a resampling (bootstrap technique is used to de-
velop non-parametric confidence intervals for the
entire cumulative distribution of the measured concen-
trations, and to derive empirical distributions for central
tendency statistics and for differences between meas-
ured and predicted mean and median values. The
analysis is focused so as to show (1) why the resam-
pling is necessary and the degree to which mistaken
judgments can be made with and without the tech-
nique, and (2) comparisons between the discriminating
capabilities of 'tail fit' type model evaluation and one
using the resampling technique. It is shown that both
the bootstrap and extreme value statistics are needed
to quantify the uncertainty associated with the model
predictions. (Copyright (c) Atmospheric Environment
Vol. 19 No. 9, pp. 1503-1518,1985.)
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Models, 'Data processing.
"Performance evaluation, Value, Hypotheses, Statisti-
cal analysis, Data sampling, Reprints, Air quality.
PB87-193678/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
Evaluation of Techniques Used in the Preparation
of Diesel Extract Samples for Mutagenicity Stud-
ies. Journal article,
Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Re-
search T riangle Park, NC.
R. Williams, E. E. Perry, and J. Lewtas. C1S86,1 1d
EPA/600/J-86/360
Contract EPA-68-02-4031
Pub. in Environment International, v12 p625-633 1966
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re!
search Triangle Park, NC.
Diesel exhaust particles were used to compare meth-
ods and techniques used in the preparation of particu-
late samples for microbial mutagenesis testing. Inves-
tigated in the study were extraction, concentration and
solvent exchange methodologies as they affected re-
covery of mutagenic material from diesel samples
using a Salmonella typhimurium plate incorporation
assay. Solvent removal methods applicable for use in
determining the mass concentration of extracts were
also evaluated. Results indicated that particulate sam
pies Soxhlet extracted with dichloromethane yielded
higher levels of mutagenic activity than did compare.
-------
tive samples utilizing sonication. No difference was
seen between rotary evaporation or Kuderna-Danish
macro concentration of extracts to volumes greater
than 50 ml. (Copyright (c) 1986 Pergamon Journals
Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Exhaust gases, 'Mutagens, "Bacteria,
'Bioassay, 'Air pollution, Diesel fuels, Preparation,
Solvent extraction, Evaluation, Chloromethanes, Ace-
tone, Chlorine organic compounds, Chlorine aliphatic
compounds, Comparison, Tests, Salmonella, Reprints,
'Particulates, Methane/Dichloro, Cyclohexane.
PB87-193694/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Permit Applicants' Guidance Manual for Exposure
Information Requirements under RCRA (Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act) Section 3019.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
3 Jul 85,67p
See also report dated Sep 86, PB87-193702.
The purpose of the document is to provide owners and
operators of hazardous waste landfills and surface im-
poundments that are subject to permitting under the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
with guidance for submitting information on the poten-
tial for public exposure to hazardous wastes, as re-
quired by Section 3019 of RCRA.
Keywords: 'Pollution, 'Waste treatment, 'Waste dis-
posal, Hazardous materials, Exposure, Toxicology,
Guidelines, Ground water, Licenses, Public health,
Ecology, Inspection.
PB87-193702/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Procedural Guidance for Reviewing Exposure In-
formation under RCRA (Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act) Section 3019. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
T. Grogan, and R. Kayser. 26 Sep 86,67p OSWER-
9523.00-2A
See also report dated Jul 85, PB87-193694.
The guidance manual describes the procedures for
permit writers in evaluating exposure information sub-
mitted under Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA) 3019. The integration of the review with
existing RCRA permitting activities is also discussed.
The document outlines procedures to follow in refer-
ring sites to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Dis-
ease Registry (ATSDR) for health evaluations.
Keywords: 'Pollution, 'Exposure, Waste treatment,
Hazardous materials, Toxicology, Guidelines, Ground
waters, Waste disposal, Licenses, Public health, Ecol-
ogy, Inspection.
PB67-193710/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act)
Ground-Water Monitoring Compliance Order
Guidance. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Aug 85,128p
The purpose of the document is to guide enforcement
officials in developing administrative orders to address
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
ground water monitoring violations at interim status
land disposal facilities. The document's primary objec-
tive is to promote the development of orders that cor-
rect interim status violations in a manner that is con-
sistent with the needs of the RCRA permitting process.
The document concentrates on how to fashion ground
water remedies for facilities operating during the tran-
sition period between interim status and permitting.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Monitors, Waste disposal,
Licenses, Guidelines, Waste treatment. Land use,
Regulations, *RCRA(Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act).
PB07-194O98/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Energy in Municipal Wastewater Treatment: An
Energy Audit Procedure and Supporting Data
Base, rtnal Report.
Carltech Associates. Columbia. MD.
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Jul 86, 24p
Contract EPA-68-01-6433
See also Appendix A, PB87-194106. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
EPA regulations require a methodology for determin-
ing energy requirements of municipal wastewater
treatment because treatment plant construction and
operation consume significant amounts of energy.
Energy is a major driver of both operating and capital
costs. In addition, most of the energy consumed is
drawn from irreplaceable natural resources. In recogni-
tion of these factors, EPA requires analysis of the
energy effectiveness of alternative types of
wastewater treatment. The purpose of this project was
to develop appropriate procedures to perform this
analysis.
Keywords: 'Waste water, 'Energy, Water treatment,
Waste disposal, Industrial plants, Regulations, Data
bases, Auditing, 'Municipal wastes, 'Energy require-
ments, Energy use.
PB87-194106/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Energy in Municipal Wastewater Treatment: An
Energy Audit Procedure and Supporting Data
Base. Appendix A.
Carltech Associates, Columbia, MD.
Jul 86,121p
Contract EPA-68-01 -6433
See also Final rept, PB87-194098 and Appendix B,
PB87-194114. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Water Program
Operations.
These procedures can be used by planning and oper-
ating personnel to estimate the energy requirements of
construction and operating Waste Water Treatment
(WWT) unit processes. Acquisition energy includes
both the embodied energies of the raw materials and
the energy consumed in construction. Operating
energy consists of energy consumed in plant operation
but does not include the energies embodied in consu-
mables such as chlorine, oxygen, and maintenance
materials. The estimating procedures are based on
typical plants but may be varied for significant differ-
ences in design parameters.
Keywords: 'Energy, 'Waste water, Waste disposal,
Chlorine, Oxygen, Graphs(Charts), Water treatment,
Industrial plants, Regulations, Auditing, Maintenance,
Data bases, Estimating, 'Municipal wastes, 'Energy
requirements, Energy use.
PB87-194114/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Energy in Municipal Wastewater Treatment: An
Energy Audit Procedure and Supporting Data
Base. Case Examples. Appendix B.
Carltech Associates, Columbia, MD.
Jul 86,90p
Contract EPA-68-01-6433
See also Appendix A, PB87-194106 and Appendix C,
PB87-194122. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Water Program
Operations.
This case example illustrates the application of the
energy estimation procedures tp a 0.5 MGD
wastewater treatment facility utilizing a trickling filter
system with anaerobic in the intermountain area of the
United States.
Keywords: 'Energy, 'Wastewater, Water treatment,
Waste disposal, Industrial plants, Anaerobic process-
es, Data bases, Graphs(Charts), Mountains, Estimat-
ing. 'Municipal wastes, 'Energy requirements. Energy
PB87-194122/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
Energy in Municipal Wastewater Treatment: An
Energy Audit Procedure and Supporting Data
Base. Alternative Methodologies for Estimations
of Embodied Energies. Appendix C.
Carltech Associates. Columbia, MD.
Jul 86,23p
Contract EPA-68-01-6433
See also Appendix B, PB87-194114. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Program Operations.
A methodology for determining total energy require-
ments of municipal wastewater treatment plants is
needed to satisfy requirements of EPA's regulation
pertaining to energy effectiveness of alternative tech-
nologies. Embodied energies of construction materials
and consumable chemicals represents a significant
energy demand. Both computer and manual literature
searches were performed and interviews were con-
ducted with knowledgeable individuals to identify and
evaluate promising new methods of estimating these
embodied energies.
Keywords: 'Energy, 'Wastewater, Waste disposal,
Water treatment, Industrial plants, Data bases, Substi-
tutes, Estimating, 'Municipal wastes, 'Energy require-
ments, Energy use.
PB87-194130/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Regional Guidance Manual for Selected Interim
Status Requirements. Draft rept.
MITRE Corp., McLean, VA.
22 Sep 80,222p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The purpose of the manual is to assist EPA's Regional
Offices in interpreting selected requirements of the In-
terim Status Standards' (ISS) for facilities managing
hazardous waste. The ISS were promulgated under
the authority of Section 3004 of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA) and were
published in the Federal Register on May 19, 1980
(45FR98:33063). The document provides background
information and general guidance to aid permitting offi-
cials in evaluating responses to certain of the interim
status regulations.
Keywords: 'Standards, 'Regulations, 'Waste dispos-
al, 'Hazardous materials, Contaminants, Waste man-
agement, Solid wastes.
PB87-194213/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Calibration and Evaluation of a Dlspersant Appli-
cation System,
Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc., Leonardo,
NJ.
J. S. Shum. May 87,88p EPA/600/2-87/041
Contract EPA-68-03-3203
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The report presents recommended methods for cali-
brating and operating boat-mounted dispersant appli-
cation systems. Calibration of one commercially-avail-
able system and several unusual problems encoun-
tered in calibration are described. Charts and proce-
dures for selecting pump rates and other operating pa-
rameters in order to achieve a desired dosage are pro-
vided. The calibration was performed at the EPA's Oil
and Hazardous Materials Simulated Environmental
Test Tank (OHMSETT) facility in Leonardo, New
Jersey.
Keywords: 'Dispersing, Pumps, Hazardous materials,
Spray nozzles, Calibrating, Equipment, Evaluation, 'Oil
spills, 'Oil pollution removal.
PB87-194411/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Cadmium Emissions from Cadmium Refining and
Primary Zinc/Zinc Oxide Smelting-Phase 1 Tech-
nical Report.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
May 87,37p EPA/450/3-87/011
A technical report on cadmium emissions from cadmi-
um refining and primary zinc/zinc oxide smelting. De-
scriptions of these industries and associated air pollu-
tion control equipment are presented. Cadmium emis-
sions from all plants in the U.S. in these two source
categories are presented. Health risks from exposure
to cadmium air emissions from each plant is also dis-
cussed.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Cadmium, 'Air pollution control, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products. Health risks, Equip-
ment, Refining, Zinc/zinc oxide smelting, Air quality.
PB87-194536/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparison of In vitro and In vivo Methods (or
Evaluating Alterations in Hepatic Drug Metabolism
Following Mercuric Chloride Administration. Jour-
nal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
B. A. Trela, G. P. Carlson, R. W. Chadwick, and M. F.
Copeland. C1986,11p EPA/600/J-86/361
Pub. in Toxicology Letters, v32 p133-140 1986. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN.
School of Pharmacy and Pharmacal Sciences.
Mercuric chloride was administered once ip to female
Fischer 344 rats at doses of 0,0.2,0.6, and 1.8 mg/kg.
Although there were no alterations in the urinary excre-
tion of lactate dehydrogenase, significant elevations in
the activities of urinary alkaline phosphatase, glutamic-
pyruvic transaminase and glutamicoxalacetic transam-
inase indicated that mercuric chloride was nephro-
toxic. There was no evidence of hepatotoxicity as he-
patic glucose-6-phosphatase and serum sorbitol dehy-
drogenase were essentially unaffected by mercuric
chloride administration. Of the four phase II reactions
measured, only the glucuronidation of chlorampheni-
col was diminished by treatment with mercuric chlo-
ride. Results from the in vivo studies on the metabo-
lism of lindane, which indicated no change in the ex-
cretion of free or conjugated metabolites, were in
close agreement with the in vitro data suggesting that
the nephrotoxic effects of mercuric chloride do not
alter the urinary excretion of the model substrate lin-
dane
Keywords: 'Liver, 'Toxicology, Pathology, Rats, Chlor-
obenzenes, Reprints, "Mercuric chloride, Nephrotic
syndrome, Mixed function oxidases.
PB87-194544/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Chlordlmeform on Cardiovascular
Functional Parameters. Part 1. Lethality and Arr-
hythmogenicity in the Geriatric Rat. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.
W. P. Watkinson. 1985,19p EPA/600/J-85/489
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health,
v15p729-744 1985.
Chlordimeform (CDM), a formamidine pesticide, had a
profound effect on the cardiovascular function of geri-
atric rats. Two-year-old pentobarbital-anesthetized
Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 8) received sequential intra-
venous CDM injections of 5, 10, 30, and 60 mg/kg. A
control group of rats (n=8) received multiple injections
of normal saline vehicle over a similar time period, fol-
lowed by a single CDM injection of 60 mg/kg. Heart
rate (HR), arterial blood pressure (BP), and electrocar-
diogram (ECG) were monitored for all animals. CDM
produced abrupt decreases in HR and BP at all doses.
In addition, striking changes in ECG waveforms and in-
tervals and various conduction-related arrhythmias
were observed. These acute effects triggered a reflex-
mediated overshoot in HR and BP above preinjection
levels, followed by a delayed, persistent depression of
these parameters. Three animals from the CDM-treat-
ed group died after injection of the 30-mg/kg dose,
while 60 mg/kg was lethal in the remaining animals. In
the majority of cases, death appeared to be due to car-
diac arrest.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Amidines, 'Aging(Biology),
"Cardiac arrhythmias, Heart diseases, Cardiovascular
diseases, Geriatrics, Rats, Blood pressure, Electrocar-
diography, Reprints, "Chlorphenamidine, 'Arrhythmia,
Heart rate.
PB87-194577/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Nitrate Removal from Contaminated Water Sup-
plies. Volume 2. Final rept.,
McFarland Mutual Water Co., CA.
G A. Guter. May 87,131 p EPA/600/2-87/034
See also PB87-145470. Prepared in cooperation with
Boyle Engineering Corp., Bakersfield, CA. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency. Cincinnati. OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
828 Vol. 90, No. 24
Nitrate removal from drinking water using the ion ex-
change process was evaluated for a 1 mgd plant at
McFarland, California. The plant supplied most of the
community's water needs during 1985 and 1986. This
document is the second of a two-volume report and fo-
cuses on operation and maintenance (O&M) costs and
plant performance from December 1, 1984 to January
1, 1987. Volume 1 focused on plant design and the
first six months of automatic operation. Actual O&M
cost for the plant based on design capacity of 1 mgd
was 8.5 cents per 1000 gallons. Low O&M costs are
attributed to a drop in nitrate and sulfate concentra-
tions in the source water, partial regeneration, auto-
matic operation, and telecomputer communications for
the plant. Capital cost for the nitrate removal plant was
9.9 cents per 1000 gallons when amortized over 20
years at 8% interest. Total plant cost for capital and
O&M was 18.4 cents per 1000 gallons based on
design capacity of 1 mgd.
Keywords: 'Nitrate minerals, 'Potable water, "Chemi-
cal removal(Water treatment), Plant layout, Industrial
plants, Maintenance management, Waterworks, Water
treatment, Ion exchanging, Contaminants,
Tables(Data).
PB87-194601/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Interim Report on the Evaluation of a Methanol-
Fueled LTD Crown Victoria. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology and Applications Branch.
G. K. Piotrowski, R. M. Heavenrich, R. I. Bruetsch, and
J. P. Cheng. Mar 87,17p EPA/AA/CTAB-87/03
The report describes a project involving the testing of a
M85 fueled cycles LTD Crown Victoria at the Motor Ve-
hicle Emission Laboratory on the Federal Test Proce-
dure, Highway, New York City, and evaporative tests. It
also includes a comparison to simular data taken at
three other laboratories (Ford, Engines and Control
Systems, Inc., and the City of New York). The vehicle
tested is intended for taxicab fleet service in New York
City.
Keywords: "Motor vehicles, "Exhaust emissions, Fuel
systems, Tests, New York, 'Methanols, Taxicabs,
Ford LTD Crown Victoria automobiles, Motor vehi-
cles(1986 models), Air pollution abatement, M85 fuel.
PB87-194619/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Monitoring and Data Support Div.
Identification and Evaluation of Waterborne
Routes of Exposure from Other Than Food and
Drinking Water. Final rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
K. Scow, A. E. Wechsler, J. Stevens, M. Wood, and M.
A. Callahan. Jan 79, 61p EPA/440/4-79/016
Contract EPA-68-01-3857
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Monitoring and Data Support Div.
The purposes of the report were to identify major
human exposure routes (other than food and drinking
water) for waterborne pollutants; to develop a meth-
odological framework for establishing the significance
of these routes for quantifying the risks to humans as-
sociated with these routes; and to incorporate this
framework into a risk assessment methodology and
test its usefulness for risk assessments of chlordane
and heptachlor. Inhalation of vapors from polluted
water and absorption of pollutants through the skin
during direct contact with water were chosen as the
most significant alternative exposure routes for consid-
eration in the report. Seventeen exposure activities
(bathing, dishwashing, etc.) in personal, recreational,
and household categories were identified. Estimates
for these activities were made of average daily expo-
sure by inhalation or skin absorption routes, exposure
extent, and total national yearly exposure, with subpo-
pulations identified by age, sex, and geographic loca-
tion in several cases. Calculations for chlordane and
heptachlor showed inhalation to be negligible com-
pared to other intakes, but for chlordane, skin absorp-
tion may be a significant exposure route.
Keywords: "Exposure, "Heptachlor, "Chlordane, Res-
piration, Absorption, Water pollution, Risk.
PB87-194643/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Use of the Water Balance Method for Predicting
Leachate Generation from Solid Waste Disposal
Sites,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
D. G. Fenn, K. J. Hanley, and T. V. DeGeare. 1975,44p
EPA/SW-168
Recognizing the importance of percolation in the envi-
ronmental assessment of a potential leachate problem
at a land disposal site, the paper analyzes the factors
effecting percolation and its relationship to leachate
generation and discusses a methodology to estimate
leachate generation. The methodology is based on the
water balance method commonly used in the soil and
water conservation fields.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Earth fills, Water
balance, Percolation, Soil water, Water conservation,
Storage, Evapotranspiration, Concepts, Runoff]
Precipitation (Meteorology), Sanitary landfills, Lea-
chates.
PB87-194650/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technical Support Staff.
Collection of Lead Poisoned Catalysts in Hous-
ton. Technical rept.,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
C. A. Harvey. Sep 86,41p EPA/AA/TSS/IM-86/8
Contract EPA-68-03-3192
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Ann
Arbor, MI. Technical Support Staff.
The report describes a project involving the testing of
lead-poisoned catalytic converters in the Houston.
Texas, area. Five lead-poisoned catalysts were col-
lected from motor vehicles. Various methods to evalu-
ate the conditions of the degraded catalysts included
weight and backpressure measurements, and x-ray
diffraction to define substrate structure.
Keywords: "Exhaust emissions, "Catalytic converters.
Motor vehicles, Hazardous materials, Air pollution!
Graphs(Charts), Lead poisoning, Environmental tests',
Houston(Texas).
PB87-194868/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Vehicle Test Results from a Small Twin-Roll Elec-
tric Dynamometer. Technical rept,,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch,
G. Thompson, and F. P. Hutchins. Apr 87, 68p EPA/
AA/SDSB-87/04
The report investigates vehicle test results from a
small twin-roll electric dynamometer. The first objec-
tive was to determine the level of equivalency between
emissions and fuel economy test results obtained on a
hydrokinetic power absorbtion unit dynamometer and
on the D.C. motor electric dynamometer and to define
any differences between them. The second objective
was to quantify, if possible, performance advantages
of the electric dynamometer. Specifically, it was to in-
vestigate the changes in the measured emissions and
fuel economy resulting from changes in the shape of
the dynamometer road load force versus velocity
curve.
Keywords: "Motor vehicles, Dynamometers, Tests, Ext
haust emissions, Fuel consumption, Road tests, Test
equipment, Fuel economy, Air pollution abatement.
PB87-194684/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Evaluation of the Feasibility of Liquid Fillneck
Seals. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Dec 86, 58p EPA/AA/SDSB-86/3
The report evaluates the feasibility of using liquid {ill-
neck seals instead of mechanical fillneck seals. The
issue is a concern because the only significant uncon.
trolled source of hydrocarbon emissions from motor
vehicles is the gasoline vapor which escapes durinn
motor vehicle refueling. In an uncontrolled refuelina
the vapors that are displaced during the refueling t£
vapors that are displaced during the refueling event
pass through the fillneck and escape to the atraos
phere. Systems designed to control these emissions
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
controls are vehicle based, they are generally referred
to as onboard vapor recovery system.
Keywords; 'Refueling, "Motor vehicles, * Air pollution
control, Feasibility, Gasoline, Vapors. Control, Fumes,
Seals(Stoppers), Liquids, Hydrocarbons, Recovery,
Refueling vapor control systems.
PB87-194692/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Heavy-Duty Engine Testing Report: Correlation
Testing of Caterpillar 3208 DIT. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
T. M. Baines. Feb 87,40p EPA/AA/SDSB-87/3
The report discusses the results of testing the Caterpil-
lar 3208 DIT heavy-duty engine at the Environmental
Protection Agency Motor Vehicle Emission Lab. The
engine was tested tor the purpose of providing correla-
tion data to compare the EPA and Caterpillar laborato-
ries. The engine, fuels, test procedures, and test plans
are also discussed in the report.
Keywords: 'Diesel engines, 'Exhaust emissions,
Fuels, Tables(Data), Tests, Air pollution, Motor vehicle
engines, Motor vehicles. Performance evaluation, Cat-
erpillar 3208 DIT.
PB87-194734/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Hygroscopic Growth: Its Effect on Aerosol Ther-
apy and Inhalation Toxicology,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
T. B. Martonen, and R. C. Graham. May 87,11p EPA/
600/D-87/172
Contract EPA-68-02-4032
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.. Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The success of an aerosol therapy protocol is contin-
gent upon a proper quantity of drug being delivered to
an appropriate site within the respiratory tract to elicit a
therapeutic effect. Likewise, an accurate risk assess-
ment of the threat to human health presented by air-
borne pollutants requires knowledge of their locations
of deposition among airways. An identification of those
factors which influence the behavior and fate of in-
haled particulates, therefore, is important for both the
introduction of medicinal agents into the body via the
inhalation route and the hazard evaluation of ambient
toxicants.
Keywords: 'Drugs, "Hygroscopicity, Behavior, Aero-
sols, Models, Growth, Humans, Respiratory system,
Lungs, 'Bronchodilator agents.
PB87-194742/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Cooperative Research In Atmospheric Science
under the US-PRC (United States-People's Repub-
lic of China) Environmental Protection Protocol.
Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
W. E. Wilson. 1987,7p EPA/600/M-87/017
Pub. in China Exchange News, National Academy of
Sciences, v15 n2 p18-21 Jun 87.
The Atmospheric Sciences Research Laboratory's
(ASRL) efforts in arranging cooperative research
projects under the US-PRC Environmental Protection
Protocol are described. Completed and ongoing
projects are reported and projects now being negotiat-
ed are noted.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric sciences, 'Research
projects, 'Air pollution, Reprints, Air pollution control,
Atmospheric Sciences Research Laboratory.
PB87-194783/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Status and Evaluation of Calcltic S02 Capture:
Analysis of Facilities Performance,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
G D Silcox, S. L. Chen, W. D. Clark, J. C. Kramlich,
and J. F. La Fond. May 87,341 p EPA/600/7-87/014
Contract EPA-68-02-4208
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of a characterization of the
current state of knowledge regarding S02 capture by
dry calcific sorbent injection. In this project, the experi-
mental data on dry sorbent injection are compiled and
critically compared. Sulfation and activation models
are developed and used to identify sorbent properties
and furnace environment parameters likely to be of im-
portance. The results of the examination of data and
the model evaluation indicated areas where original
experimental work could be applied to resolve key
issues. The experimental portion of the program devel-
oped information on injection temperature, quench
rate, and sorbent properties. These results are used to
define the overall optimum injection condition for a va-
riety of furnace configurations.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Sorbents, Calcines, Sulfa-
tion, Mathematical models, Combustion, Coal, Pollu-
tion, Pollution control, Dry sorbent injection.
PB87-194924/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Technological Approaches to Removing Toxic
Contaminants,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. M. Clark. 1987, 38p EPA/600/D-87/177
Pub. in Planning for Groundwate Protection, Chapter 4
p89-123 1987.
The purpose of the chapter is to present alternatives
for supplying drinking water to a municipality when its
normal supply is contaminated. The term alternative
refers to any alternate source and includes both new
supplies or treatment of the existing supply. The tech-
nological approaches described are often used when
an existing supply is found to be contaminated. Among
the various alternatives that might be considered are:
(1)	development of new or existing water resources;
(2)	blending of a new and contaminated water supply
to achieve safe levels; (3) treatment at the well head or
each point of consumption; (4) connection to alterna-
tive existing municipal or private supplies; (5) oversized
community storage facilities to compensate for loss of
existing system capacity; and (6) alteration of existing
groundwater flows.
Keywords: 'Potable water, Municipalities, Reprints,
'Water pollution control, Drinking water.
PB87-195343/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Status Report on the U.S. National Dioxln Study.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
D. Barnes, A. McBride, N. Jaworski, R. Harless, and A.
Dupuy. 1986,6p ERLN-P1, EPA/600/J-86/359
Pub. in Chemosphere, v15 n9-12 p1401 -1404 1986.
In 1983, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) embarked on an extensive investigation of the
presence and extent of contamination of the national
environment by chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and di-
benzofurances (CDDs/CDFs). The status report is a
prelude to a final report delivered to the U.S. Congress
in December 1985.
Keywords: 'Pollution, 'Contaminants, Chlorination,
Chemical analysis, Pesticides, Ecology, Public health,
Toxicology, Reprints, Dibenzo-p-dioxins, Dibenzofur-
ances.
PB87-195350/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Application of a Three-Dimensional Photochemi-
cal Smog Formation Model to the Tokyo Metro-
politan Area,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
S. Wakamatsu, I. Uno, and K. L. Schere. May 87,15p
EPA/600/D-87/175
Prepared in cooperation with National Inst, for Environ-
mental Studies, Tsukuba (Japan).
Relatively high 03 concentrations were observed
during an episode on July 16 and 17, 1981 in the
Tokyo Metropolitan Area. The stagnant meteorological
conditions which existed then were mainly caused by
the local sea and land wind circulation systems. To
better understand the physical and chemical relation-
ships at work during this particular episode the SAI
Urban Airshed Model (UAM) was applied. Vertical
cross-sections of simulated pollutant patterns are ana-
lyzed for the Tokyo domain, including the diurnal varia-
tion in the patterns. The effects of vertical meteorologi-
cal conditions and the previous day's secondary pollut-
ants are emphasized. The entrainment of 03 and
CARB from aloft on the second day of simulation was
shown to have significant impact on the timing and lo-
cation of the second day's maximum 03. Limited field-
observed data from aircraft for 03 are compared with
the simulated results.
Keywords: 'Urban areas, 'Smog, Atmospheric circula-
tion, Mathematical models, Atmospheric composition,
Air pollution, Contaminants, Diurnal variations, Ozone,
Japan, Tokyo(Japan), Urban Airshed model.
PB87-195368/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Advanced Electrostatic Stimulation of Fabric Fil-
tration: Performance and Economics,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A. S. Viner, G. P. Greiner, and L. S. Hovis. May 87, 25p
EPA/600/D-87/174
Grant EPA-R-810152
Prepared in cooperation with ETS, Inc., Roanoke, VA.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper discusses the performance and economics
of advanced electrostatic stimulation of fabric filtration
(AESFF), in which a high-voltage electrode is placed
coaxially inside a filter bag to establish an electric field
between the electrode and the bag surface. The elec-
tric field alters the dust deposition pattern in the bag,
yielding a much lower pressure drop than that in a con-
ventional bag. Pilot plant results show that AESFF
bags can operate with a rate of pressure loss that is
70% below that for conventional bags. An economic
analysis evaluated the capital, operating, and mainte-
nance costs for electric utility plants ranging from 200
to 1000 MW. For AESFF baghouses, the capital cost
was found to be 25 to 48% below that of a convention-
al baghouse.
Keywords: 'Electrostatics, 'Dust filters, 'Fabrics, 'Air
pollution control equipment, Electric power plants,
Dust collectors, Pressure reduction, Performance
tests, Economic analysis, Electrodes, Bags, 'Bagh-
ouses, 'Fabric filters, Advanced Electrostatic Stimula-
tion of Fabric Filtration.
PB87-19S376/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Air Quality Data Analysis System for Interrelating
Effects, Standards, and Needed Source Reduc-
tions. Part 9. Calculating Effective Ambient Air
Quality Parameters. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
R. I. Larsen, and W. W. Heck. C1985,8p EPA/600/J-
85/484
Pub. in APCA Jnl„ v35 n12 p1274-1279 Dec 85. Pre-
pared in cooperation with North Carolina State Univ. at
Raleigh.
Ambient air quality data can often be characterized by
the two characteristic parameters of the lognormal dis-
tribution, the geometric mean, and the standard geo-
metric deviation, but some ambient data are far from
lognormal. The paper suggests that even though an air
quality data set is not lognormal, the effects of the con-
centrations can be characterized with an effective geo-
metric mean and an effective standard geometric devi-
ation calculated from the effective and arithmetic
means. These two effective parameters can be used
to characterize air quality at a site, in terms of its ex-
pected effects on plants, and to compare these pa-
rameters and the expected plant effects from site to
site. (Copyright (c) 1985-Air Pollution Control Associa-
tion.)
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Data processing, Geometric
mean, Standard deviation, Mathematical models,
Sources, Reprints, 'Air quality data, Air pollution
standards, Air pollution effects(Animals), Air pollution
effects(Humans), Air pollution effects(Materials), Air
pollution effects(Plants).
PB87-195384/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
New York City Bus Terminal Diesel Emissions
Study: Measurement and Collection of Diesel Ex-
haust for Chemical Characterization and Mutagen-
ic Activity,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
R. M. Burton, J. C. Suggs, R. H. Jungers, and J.
Lewtas. May 87, 17p EPA/600/D-87/180
The paper is concerned with the impact of diesel emis-
sions on the quality of the ambient air and the resulting
effects on human health. The study was designed to
chemically characterize and bioassay heavy-duty
diesel engine exhaust as it exists in the ambient at-
mosphere. Diesel emission aerosol was collected
inside and outside a large New York City bus terminal
in which 1400 buses operated daily. Organics were ex-
tracted from inside and outside particulate matter and
were fractionated into chemical classes. Air particle
concentration inside the building was nearly 3 times
greater than outside with the increase in the <1.7
micron particle size. Although both the small particle
and extractable organic concentrations were lower
outside the terminal, the mutagenicity of the organics
(revertants/microgram organics) from outside was
nearly 10 times greater than inside the terminal. Re-
sults are consistent with studies showing that aged at-
mospheric organics, having undergone atmospheric
transformations, have an increased mutagenic re-
sponse over fresh aerosol emitted directly from com-
bustion sources.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Diesel engines,
'Buses(Vehicles), Air pollution, Chemical analysis, Mu-
tagens, Toxicity, Bioassay, Environmental surveys,
New York(New York).
PB87-195426/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Non-Methane Organic Composition in the Lincoln
Tunnel. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
W. A. Lonneman, R. L. Seila, and S. A. Meeks. 1986,
9p EPA/600/J-86/356
Pub. in Environmental Science Technology, v20 n8
p790-796 Aug 86.
Recent 1982 measurements of the nonmethane or-
ganic compound (NMOC) are reported for the Lincoln
Tunnel. The NMOC levels in the tunnel were a factor of
approximately 4 lower than 1970 levels. The decrease
probably reflects reduced vehicular tailpipe emissions
due to EPA hydrocarbon control strategy for photo-
chemical ozone. Acetylene contribution to the total
NMOC composition decreased almost by a factor of 2
from 1970 to 1982. The decrease was attributed to the
preferential oxidation of acetylene by the vehicular
catalytic device. New hydrocarbon component and
sum of NMOC component ratios to acetylene are pre-
sented. These ratios are useful in the determination of
hydrocarbon source emission contribution in urban
and industrial areas.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air pollution, Acety-
lene, Reprints, Lincoln tunnel, "Nonmethane organic
compounds.
PB87-195459/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Climatological Variability in Modeled Maximum
Concentrations. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
W. B. Petersen, and J. S. Irwin. 1985, 6p EPA/600/J-
85/483
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v19 n5 p739-742
1985.
The paper analyzes a 17-year data base consisting of
CRSTER outputs. Only the high and the high second-
high (HSH) concentrations for two typical sources for
the 17 years of CRSTER air quality output were investi-
gated. Resampling techniques are used to assign
probabilities of choosing the highest second-high con-
centration from the 17-year record assuming that one
through five years of meteorological data were meas-
ured. It is not the intent of the paper to suggest that the
exact probabilities estimated from this data base are
universal to every city or site location. The important
issue is to indicate the shortcomings in accepting as
little as one year of on-site data for regulatory applica-
tions and to suggest a method that will better ensure
that maximum concentrations are properly estimated.
Keywords: "Meteorological data, "Climatology, Atmos-
pheric models. Sampling, Simulation, Sources, Re-
prints, Air quality.
PB87-195392/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Biogeochemical Cycling of Organic Matter in
Acidic Environments: Are Microbial Degradative
Processes Adapted to Low pH,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
R. Benner, D. L. Lewis, and R. E. Hodson. May 87,25p
EPA/600/D-87/176
Prepared in cooperation with Georgia Univ., Athens.
The rates of microbial degradation of a variety of dis-
solved and particulate substrates in water and sedi-
ment from the Okenofee Swamp, Georgia, and Cork-
screw Swamp, Florida, are compared. These two wet-
land ecosystems share many of the same types of
plant communities and both are peat-forming systems.
As in many wetlands, streams, and small lakes, vascu-
lar plant detritus is a major source of organic matter in
these two freshwater swamps. The relationship be-
tween pH and rates of biodegradation or organic sub-
strates was determined for natural microbial assem-
blages and for several bacterial isolates from these en-
vironments. Results suggest that microbial degrada-
tive processes that rely on extracellular enzymes are
depressed at low pHs, whereas the microbial utiliza-
tion of low-molecular-weight compounds that can be
directly transported into cells is not substantially af-
fected by variations in pH from 4 to 8. Furthermore, mi-
crobial populations will not 'adapt' for the rapid utiliza-
tion of lignocellulosic substrates at low pHs.
Keywords: "Aquatic microbiology, pH, Plant ecology,
Decomposition, Lignocellulose, Acidification, Vegeta-
tion, Swamps, Substrates, "Biodegradation, Okefeno-
kee Swamp(Georgia), Corkscrew Swamp(Florida).
PB87-195400/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Demonstration of INPUFF with the MATS Data
Base. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
W. B. Petersen. 1986, 9p EPA/600/J-86/357
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v20 n7 p1341-1346
1986.
An integrated puff model, INPUFF, is evaluated using
the MATS data base. A description of the model is pro-
vided outlining the salient characteristics. A brief de-
scription of the MATS data base, which consists of 14
SF6 tracer releases with associated meteorology, is
also provided. INPUFF slightly overestimated peak
concentrations. Since the SF6 puffs were well mixed
for every tracer release, model performance is very
sensitive to estimates of the mixing heights. The abso-
lute mean fractional error between two techniques for
estimating the mixing height was 0.87, which indicates
a large uncertainty in the very important input parame-
ter.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Mathematical models, 'At-
mospheric diffusion, Fortran, Algorithms, Reprints.
"INPUFF models, "Gaussian plume models.
830 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB87-195434/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Characterization of Individual Fly Ash Particles
Emitted from Coal- and Oil-Fired Power Plants.
Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Y. Mamane, J. L. Miller, and T. G. Dzubay. 1986,13p
EPA/600/J-86/358
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment v20 1111 p2125-2135
1986.
Individual particles from coal- and oil-fired power
plants were analyzed by a scanning electron micro-
scope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spec-
trometer to investigate the morphology and composi-
tion as a function of size. Samples were collected on
filters by a dichotomous sampler in the fine (<2.5 mi-
crometer aerodynamic diameter) and the coarse frac-
tions (2.5 to 5-10 micrometers). In both fractions coal
fly ash particles were predominantly smooth spheres,
and no cenospheres (perforated hollow spheres) were
detected. Almost 90% of the mass concentration oc-
curred in the coarse fraction; the major elements in-
cluded Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti, and Fe. Sulfur appeared as a
surface layer on the mineral core. The abundances of
Fe and S in each particle were highly variable. The
ratio of Al to Si was fairly constant for most of the
spheres but not for the relatively few Fe-rich or non-
spherical coal fly ash particles. Over 90% of the mass
of oil fly ash occurred in the fine fraction.
Keywords: "Fly ash, "Chemical analysis, Combustion
products, Air pollution, Electron microscopes, Power
plants, Reprints, "Air pollution detection.
PB87-195442/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Toxicity of Chlorinated Benzenes to Fathead Min-
nows ('Pimephales promelas'). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
A. R. Carlson, and P. A. Kosian. C1987,8p EPA/800/J-
87/015
Pub. in Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 16, p129-135
1987. Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Univ.-
Superior.
The toxicities of several chlorinated benzene com-
pounds to fathead minnows were determined. Gener-
ally both acute and chronic toxicity values decreased
and the tissue concentration values associated with
the chronic toxicity values increased as the number of
chlorine atoms on the benzene increased from 2 to 4.
The decreasing toxicity values were indicative of in-
creasing toxicity. Mean bioconcentration factors in-
creased with increased chlorination of the benzene
ring from 2 to 6. (Copyright (c) 1987 Springer-Verlag
New York Inc.)
Keywords: "Minnows, "Water pollution, Chloroben-
zenes, Toxicity, Fishes, Chemical analysis, Reprints,
Fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas.
PB87-195624/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Polymeric Coating of Supporting Substrates-
Background Information for Proposed Standards.
~raft environmental impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Apr 87, 313p EPA/450/3-85/022A
Standards of performance for the control of VOC emis-
sions from the polymeric coating of supporting sub-
strates are being proposed under the authority of Sec-
tion III of the Clean Air Act. These standards would
apply to all new, modified, or reconstructed polymeric
coating lines using at least 110 cubic meters of solvent
per year in the production of polymeric-coating sup-
porting substrates. The document contains back-
ground information and environmental and economic
impact assessments of the regulatory alternatives con-
sidered in developing the proposed standards.
Keywords: "Standards, "Polymeric films, Performance
standards, Plastic coatings, "Pollution control, "Air
pollution control, Volatile organic compounds, Sup-
porting substractes, Web coating.
PB87-196069/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Toward a Protocol for Testing Solid Microblocidal
Compositions. Published paper,
State Univ. of New York at Binghamton.
M. B. Kril, T. W. Fitzpatrick, and G. E. Janauer. May 87
22p EPA/600/D-87/170
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
New diverse microbiocides based on immobilized or
slowly released disinfectant moieties held on/in solid
substrate supports are being developed for drinking
water disinfection. Various polymeric matrices, glass
surfaces, glass and textile fibers, cellulose and other
solid supports have been tried as substrates. The
paper describes a testing procedure used to measure
bacterial batch and column inactivation kinetics and
total disinfecting capacities for several solid-phase dis-
infectant compositions. The dependence of observed
efficacy on flow rates has also been studied. Results
obtained with representative nonclassical chemical
disinfectants (NCCD) under standardized test condi-
tions are presented and potential advantages and dfe.
advantages of the application of such materials are
briefly discussed.
Keywords: "Disinfection, "Substrates, "Potable water
Tests, Biocides, Aquatic microbiology, Measurement'
Water treatment.
PB87-196077/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Correspondence between Spatial Patterns in Fish
Assemblages in Ohio Streams and Aquatic Ecore-
gions. Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
D. P. Larsen, J. M. Omernik, R. M. Hughes, C. M.
Rohm, and T. R. Whittier. c1986, 16p EPA/600/J-86/
365
Contract EPA-68-03-3124
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Management, v10 n6
p815-828 Dec 86. Prepared in cooperation with Ohio
State Environmental Protection Agency, Columbus.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Land classification systems can be useful for assess-
ing aquatic ecosystems if relationships among them
exist. Because the character of an aquatic ecosystem
depends to a large extent upon the character of the
landscape it drains, spatial patterns in aquatic ecosys-
tems should correspond to patterns in the landscape.
To test this hypothesis, the US state of Ohio was divid-
ed into four aquatic ecoregions based on an analysis
of spatial patterns in the combination of land-surface
form, land use, potential natural vegetation, and soil
parent material. During the period July-October 1983,
fish assemblages were sampled in 46 streams that
were representative of the ecoeregions, and that had
watersheds relatively undisturbed by human activities.
Spatial patterns of the fish assemblages were exam-
ined relative to the ecoregions; distinct regional differ-
ences were identified. (Copyright (c) 1986 Springer-
Verlag New York Inc).
Keywords: "Land use, "Ecology, "Fresh water fishes,
"water pollution, "Streams, Watersheds, Terrain,
Drainage, Sampling, Spatial distribution, Vegetation,
Soils, Regional planning, Classifications, Environmen-
tal impacts, Ohio, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, Reprints,
"Ecosystems.
PB87-196085/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Injury and Yield Response of Cotton to Chronic
Doses of Ozone and Sulfur Dioxide. Journal article,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
A. S. Heagle, W. W. Heck, V. M. Lesser, J. O.
Rawlings, and F. L. Mowry. C1986,11 p EPA/600/J-
86/366
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality, v15 n4 p375-382
Oct-Dec 86. Also pub. as North Carolina Agricultural
Research Service Paper No. 9845. Prepared in coop-
eration with North Carolina Agricultural Research
Service, Raleigh, and Agricultural Research Service,
Washington, DC. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmen-
tal Research Lab., OR.
Knowledge of relationships between chronic doses of
03 and crop yield is required to set air quality stand-
ards that protect agricultural interests and to deter-
mine the need to develop resistant cultivars of sensi-
tive species. Open-top field chamber studies have pro-
vided some information of this type for a few crop spe-
cies including one western cultivar of cotton. The au-
thors objectives were to measure relationships be-
tween chronic doses of 03 and yield of an eastern
cotton cultivar and to determine whether these rela-
tionships could be affected by chronic doses of S02.
'Stoneville 213' was exposed in open-top field cham-
bers to five doses 03 and four doses of S02 singly,
and in all possible combinations. Exposures began
when first foliar leaves were expanding and continued
until final harvest. Doses of S03 at levels greater than
those occurring regionally did not significantly change
cotton response to 03.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Cotton plants, "Air pollution,
Sulfur dioxide, Injuries, Dosage, Yield, Exposure,
Tests, Reprints.
PB87-196101/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Quantifying Uncertainty In Long-Range-Transport
Models: A Summary of the AMS (American Mete-
orological Society) Workshop on Sources and
Evaluation of Uncertainty in Long-Range-Trans-
port Models, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 18-21
September 1984. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
K. L. Demerjian. 1985, 10p EPA/600/J-85/488
Pub. in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Socie-
ty, v66 n12 p1533-1540 Dec 85.
The American Meteorological Society, under sponsor-
ship from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
the Atmospheric Environment Service, Canada, and
the Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Canada, con-
vened a workshop in September 1984 to address one
aspect of the long range transport modeling which has
become a topic of considerable concern, i.e., the
quantification of uncertainty in long range transport
model predictions.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Contaminants, "Atmospher-
ic composition, Airborne wastes, Lagrangian functions,
Euler Lagrange equation, Sulfur, Meteorological data,
Meetings, Reprints.
PB87-196119/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Characteristics of Individual Particles at a Rural
Site In the Eastern United States. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Y. Mamane, and T. G. Dzubay. C1986,8p EPA/600/J-
86/353
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v36
n8 p906-911 Aug 86.
To determine the nature of aerosol particles in a rural
area of the eastern United States, aerosol samples
were collected at Deep Creek Lake, Maryland, on vari-
ous substrates and analyzed by a scanning electron
microscope (SEM) and a transmission electron micro-
scope (TEM). SEM analysis of particles larger than 2.5
micrometers collected on Nuclepore filters revealed
clay minerals, quartz, gypsum, calcite, spores, pollen,
plant debris, fly ash, and sulfates. Particles ranging
from 0.3 to 2 micrometers were analyzed by TEM for
decomposition rate as well as for reaction with the
barium chloride and nitron films.
Keywords: "Aerosols, "Rural areas, Electron micro-
scopes, Air pollution, Clay minerals, Quartz, Gypsum,
Calcite, Ammonium sulfate, Spores, Pollen, Fly ash,
Reprints.
PB87-196127/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Phorbol Esters on Clonal Cultures of
Human, Hamster, and Rat Respiratory Epithelial
Cells. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D. K. Beeman, J. M. Siegfried, and M. J. Mass. c1987,
8p EPA/600/J-87/018
Pub. in Jnl. of Cancer Research 47, p541-546, 15 Jan
87. Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Health
Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park,
NC.
The effect of the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-
phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on the growth of epithelial
cells from rat, hamster, and human respiratory tract
has been measured by monitoring colony formation in
culture. TPA and its active derivatives stimulated
colony formation of rat tracheal epithelial cells in a
concentration-dependent manner, while tracheal
epithelial cells from the hamster and human bronchial
epithelial cells were inhibited from forming colonies by
these agents. These results show that normal cells
from these species vary in biological response to
tumor promoters, implying that selective induction of
terminal differentiation in normal cells may not be a
universal mechanism of action of tumor promoters.
(Copyright (c) Cancer Research 47, 541-546, January
15,1987.)
Keywords: "Epithelium, Bronchi, Cytology, Cell divi-
sion, Cells(Biology), Hamsters. Humans, Rats, Phar-
macology, Respiratory system, Trachea, Reprints,
"Phorbol esters, T etradecanoylphorbol acetate.
PB87-196135/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Review of Solidification/Stabilization Technology,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
C. C. Wiles. 1987,19p EPA/600/J-87/019
Pub. in Jnl. of Hazardous Materials 14, p5-21 1987.
in hazardous waste management, solidification/stabili-
zation (S/S) is a term normally used to designate a
technology employing additives to alter hazardous
waste to make it non-hazardous or acceptable for cur-
rent land disposal requirements. The use of this tech-
nology to treat hazardous waste may become more
important as regulations restrict the use of land for dis-
posing of hazardous waste. The paper reviews the
technology and provides information to help assess its
potential role in managing hazardous waste. Informa-
tion is provided to assist the proper selection, use, and
evaluation of S/S technologies. Regulatory factors af-
fecting its use are also discussed.
Keywords: "Stabilization, "Solidification, Hazardous
materials, Waste disposal, Additives, Regulations,
Earth fills, Reprints, "Waste management.
PB87-196143/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.
Seasonal Occurrence of 'Campylobacter' spp. in
Surface Waters and Their Correlation with Stand-
ard Indicator Bacteria. Journal article,
Central Washington Univ., Ellensburg.
A. M. Carter, R. E. Pacha, G. W. Clark, and E. W.
Williams. c1987, 7p EPA/600/J-87/020
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v53
n3 p523-526 Mar 87. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and a Cam-
pylobacter-like organism were isolated from a number
of natural water sources in central Washington includ-
ing ponds, lakes, and small mountain streams ranging
in elevation from 1460 to 5400 feet above sea level. At
the two sites where extensive sampling was done, the
bacterium was recovered throughout trie year. Gener-
ally, the highest recovery rates were in the fall and
winter months and the lowest during the spring and
summer months. Campylobacter density did not show
significant correlation with microbiological (fecal con-
form, total coliform, fecal streptococcus, and hetero-
trophic plate count densities) or physical (water tem-
perature, pH, and conductivity) parameters. (Copyright
(c) 1987, American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: "Surface waters, "Bacterial diseases,
"Seasonal variations, Enteritis, Sewage, Reprints,
"Campylobacter, Indicator bacteria, Waterborne ill-
ness.
PB87-198150/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati. OH.
Encystation and Expression of Cyst Antigens by
'Giardia lambda' in vitro. Journal article,
California Univ. Medical Center, San Diego.
F. D. Gillin, D. S. Reiner, M. J. Gault, H. Douglas, and
S. Das. C1987, 6p EPA/600/J-87/021
Pub. in Science, v235 p1040-1043 Feb 87. Sponsored
by Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
The cyst form of Giardia lamblia is responsible for
transmission of giardiasis, a major waterborne intesti-
nal disease. These studies demonstrate for the first
time expression of cyst antigens and encystation of G.
lamblia in vitro by both morphologic and immunologic
criteria. The researchers first showed that the jejunum
is a major site of encystation in the suckling mouse
model and therefore tested small intestinal factors as
stimuli of encystation. As a sensitive probe for differen-
tiation In vitro, researchers raised antisera which react
with cysts and precysts, but not with cultured tropho-
zoites. Exposure of cultured trophozoites to glyco-
deoxycholate, a bile salt, increased the number of
oval, retractile cells which react strongly with anticyst
antibodies from <0.1% to 8.9%. Encystation expres-
sion under anaerobic conditions reached 51.2%. In
vitro expression of a major cyst antigen of approxi-
mately 26,000 daltons (26K) was demonstrated on im-
munoblots. These studies are an important step in un-
derstanding the differentiation of a major protozoan
pathogen. (Copyright (c) 1987, Science.)
Keywords: "Giardia, "Cysts, "Antigens, Giardiasis,
Gastrointestinal diseases, In vitro analysis, Immunolo-
gy, Morphology, Laboratory animals, Mice, Reprints,
Encystation.
PB87-196168/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Input Substitution and Demand in the Water
Supply Production Process. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
H. Y. Kim, and R. M. Clark. C1987,8p EPA/600/J-87/
022
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Resources Research, v23 n2
p239-244 Feb 87. Prepared in cooperation with West-
ern Kentucky Univ., Bowling Green.
The structure of input demand for U.S. water utilities is
analyzed by estimating a translog cost function. An im-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
portant feature of the model includes the multiproduct
specification of the water supply production process.
Operating variables are also specified to include ca-
pacity utilization and service distance, which are con-
sidered important for delivery of water supply. Results
show that capital is a substitute for both energy and
labor, but that no strong substitution possibilities exist
between energy and labor. Energy is an input which re-
quires intensive use in water production. Small utilities
are found to enjoy economies of scale. Capacity utili-
zation and service distance are found to have signifi-
cant effects on input demand. (Copyright (c) 1987 by
the American Geophysical Union.)
Keywords: 'Water supply, "Mathematical models, Pro-
duction capacity, Operations, Costs, Economic fac-
tors,	Reprints,	Supply(Economics),
Demand(Economics).
PB87-196176/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Sodium Chlorite Administration in Long-Evans
Rats: Reproductive and Endocrine Effects. Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
B. D. Carlton, D. L. Habash, A. H. Basaran, E. L.
George, and M. K. Smith. C1987,11p EPA/600/J-87/
023
Pub. in Environmental Research 42, p238-245 Feb 87.
Prepared in cooperation with Battelle Columbus Div.,
OH.
Long-Evans rats, 4-6 weeks of age, were given access
to 0, 1, 10, or 100 ppm sodium chlorite in deionized
water ad libitum as drinking water. Males were evaluat-
ed for sperm parameters and reproductive tract histo-
pathology following the breeding. Females were ex-
posed throughout gestation and lactation. Dams and
pups were necropsied at weaning. Groups of males
were exposed to 0, 10, 100, or 500 ppm ad libitum in
the drinking water to confirm observed subtle repro-
ductive effects and examine dose-effect relationships.
Increases in the percent abnormal sperm morphology
and decreases in sperm direct progressive movement
were observed for adult males at chlorite levels of 100
ppm or 500 ppm. (Copyright (c) 1987 by Academic
Press, Inc.)
Keywords: * Sodium chlorites, "Exposure, "Water pol-
lution, Public health, Rats, Toxicity,
Reproduction(Biology), Endocrinology, Reprints.
R. J. Ruch, J. E. Klaunig, and M. A. Pereira. c1987,12p
EPA/600/J-87/016
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v87 n1
p111-120 Jan 87. Prepared in cooperation with Medi-
cal Coll. of Ohio at Toledo.
Tumor promoters can inhibit gap junction-mediated in-
tercellular communication in cultured cells. The au-
thors evaluated the effects of tumor promoters on in-
tercellular communication between B6C3F1 mouse
hepatocytes in primary culture. Intercellular communi-
cation between donor and recipient hepatocytes was
detected as an increase in autoradiographic grains
over recipient cells in contact with donor cells, indicat-
ing the passage of labeled nucleotides from donor to
recipient hepatocytes. Intercellular communication in
untreated and solvent vehicle treated hepatocytes was
detected in approximately 80% of the donor-contact-
ing recipients after 8-12 hr culture. Phenobarbital,
DDT, Aroclor 1254, lindane, and TPA significantly de-
creased hepatocyte intercellular communication in a
dose-dependent manner. (Copyright (c) 1987 by Aca-
demic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: "Carcinogens, "Pharmacology, Methyl sulf-
oxide, Cytology, Liver, DDT, Phenobarbital, Ribonucle-
ic acids, Neoplasms, Uridine, Cells, Reprints, "Cell
communication, Aroclors, Benzene hexachloride, Di-
methyl sulfoxide.
PB87-196481/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Heavy-Duty Engine Testing Report: Correlation
Testing of Cummins NTCC-400. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
T. M. Baines. Oct 86, 51p EPA/AA/SDSB-87/1
The report discusses the results of testing the Cum-
mins NTCC-400 heavy-duty diesel engine at the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency (EPA) Motor Vehicle
Emission Lab. This engine was tested for the purpose
of providing correlation data to compare EPA and
Cummins laboratories. Also reviewed are six fuel com-
positions of varying aromaticity to investigate how
these paramters influence gaseous and particulate ex-
haust emissions.
Keywords: "Diesel engines, "Exhaust emissions,
Fuels, Engines, Performance evaluation, Fuel sys-
tems, Tests, "Engine tests, Cummins NTCC 400.
PB87-196184/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Health Significance of Pulmonary Function Tests,
New York Univ. Medical Center, Tuxedo Park Inst, of
Environmental Medicine.
M. Uppmann. Jun 87,18p EPA/600/D-87/179
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
As the sensitivity and precision of functional tests im-
proves, we become increasingly able to measure re-
sponses to pollutant exposures with little, if any, de-
monstrable health significance. Proper interpretation
of such functional responses generally requires an
ability to evaluate them in the context of a larger body
of knowledge of biochemical, toxicological, morpho-
metric, and pathological effects data for the particular
pollutant following various short- and long-term expo-
sures. There are few, if any, generic rules or guidelines
for interpreting the significance of functional re-
sponses to air pollutants at this time, especially when
their magnitude is small and they are transient. The
paper presents brief descriptive summaries of func-
tional tests which can be used for characterizing pollut-
ant responses in field and laboratory studies, and dis-
cusses how such responses can be examined for their
health significance. The specific pollutants to be dis-
cussed will be S02, N02, 03, and H2S04. The scien-
tific and ethical limitations of epidemiologic, laboratory,
and animal studies are discussed.
Keywords' "Air pollution. Respiratory diseases, Expo-
sure, Toxicity, Hazardous materials, Nitrogen oxide,
Sulfur dioxide, Ozone, Sulfuric acid, "Health status,
"Breath tests.
PB87-196218/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Inhibition of Intercellular Communication between
Mouse Hepatocytes by Tumor Promoters. Journal
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
PB87-196499/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effect of Hygroscopic Growth upon the Regional
Dispersion of Particulates in Human Airways,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC,
T. B. Martonen, and R. C. Graham, May 87,17p EPA/
600/D-87/171
Contract EPA-68-02-4032
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
To improve aerosol therapy regimens or to assess the
health hazards of inhaled toxic particulates, the dose
delivered to the human respiratory tract must be deter-
mined. The efficiency with which an aerosol is deposit-
ed in various compartments of the tract is a function of
its mass median aerodynamic diameter, MMAD (Task
Group on Lung Dynamics, 1966). If an airborne particle
is hygroscopic, it will change in geometric diametrer
and density as a result of water vapor uptake; its
MMAD, therefore, will vary with location throughout the
human respiratory tract. As a result, its dose distribu-
tion will differ from that tor a nonhygroscopic (i.e., hy-
drophobic) aerosol of identical inhaled MMAD.
Keywords: "Ventilation, "Respiration, Toxicity, Aero-
sols, Hazardous materials, Air pollution, Dispersion,
Hygroscopicity, MMAD(Mass Median Aerodynamic Di-
ameter).
PB87-196507/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Disposal, Recycle, and Utilization of Modified Fly
Ash from Hydrated Lime Infection Into Coal-Fired
Utility Boilers,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
R S Dahlin, C. L. Lishawa, C.C. Clark, P.S. Nolan, and
N. Kaplan. May 87,28p EPA/600/D-87/173
Prepared in cooperation with Babcock and Wilcox Co.,
Barberton, OH. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
832 Vol. 90, No. 24
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper gives results of an assessment of the dis-
posal. utilization, and recycle os a modified fly ash
from the injection of hydrated lime into a coal-fired utili-
ty boiler. The process, developed as a low-cost alter-
native for achieving moderate degrees of S02 control
at coal-fired power plants, is being demonstrated in a
105-MW, coal-fired utility boiler at the Edgewater Sta-
tion of Ohio Edison Company. Both the laboratory
tests and the large-scale disposal study showed that
the modified ash can be safely handled and landfilled.
The studies showed that the cementitious reactions
within the wetted ash can produce a nearly imperme-
able material, if the ash is properly conditioned and
placed. One of the most promising utilization concepts
appears to be synthetic aggregate production for bitu-
minous pavement applications. One of the most prom-
ising recycle concepts appears to be the use of coarse
limestone injection with cyclonic removal of the coarse
calcine particles followed by hydration and reinjection.
This effectively yields the performance of hydrated
lime at the cost of coarse limestone, which is much
less expensive.
Keywords: "Materials recovery, "Fly ask, "Recycling,
"Boilers, Waste management, Calcium oxides. Calci-
um sulfates, "Coal fired power plants, "Pollution con-
trol, "Hydrated lime injection process, Road materials.
PB67-196515/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Characteristics of Vertical Turbulent Velocities in
the Urban Convective Boundary Layer. Journal ar-
ticle,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. M. Godowitch. 1986, 23p EPA/600/J-86/354
Pub. in Boundary-Layer Meteorology, v35 p387-407
1986.
Time series of vertical velocity fluctuations from hori-
zontal aircraft flight segments made in the lower part of
and near the middle of the convective boundary layer
(CBL) over St. Louis, Missouri, and surrounding region
were subjected to various statistical and objective
analyses. The higher order vertical velocity moments,
and positive and negative velocity statistics, were
computed. The horizontal dimensions of updrafts and
downdrafts, and related properties of these turbulent
eddies were derived by conditional sampling analysis.
Statistical results show that the means and standard
deviations of positive and negative velocity fluctua-
tions were greater over the urban area. The urban ver-
tical velocity variance was 50% greater than rural
values, and power spectra revealed greater production
of vertical turbulent energy in the urban area over a
wide frequency range. Convective similarity scaling pa-
rameters appeared to order both the urban and rural
measurements.
Keywords: "Air masses, "Meteorology, Turbulent
boundary layer, Statistical analysis, Urban areas, Ve-
locity, Convection, 'Air pollution, Reprints,
CBL(Convective Boundary Layer). St. Louis(Missouri).
PB87-196523/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparison of Three Methods for Calculating the
Standard Deviation of the Wind Direction. Journal
article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
D. B. Turner. 1986,8p EPA/600/J-86/355
Pub. in Jnl. of Climate and Applied Meteorology, v25
n5 p703-707 May 86.
Three methods to calculate wind direction standard
deviation are evaluated. Although eight hours of wind
data show no significant differences between the
methods, synthetically generated data having stand-
ard deviations near the maximum possible, show the
Yamartino method to perform well. Also, the wind di.
rection for periods, such as an hour, are shown to be
well represented by the arctangent of the mean sines
and cosines.
Keywords: "Wind direction, "Standard deviation. Dis-
persions, Meteorology, "Air pollution, Atmospheric
physics, Estimating, Reprints.
PB87-196S31 /HSU	PC A02/ MF AOI
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Grass Carp as a Potential Control Agent for Cat-
tails. Journal article,
Kansas Univ., Lawrence. Dept. of Systematics and
Ecology.
C. E. Carney, and F. DeNoyelles. c1986, 6p EPA/600/
J-86/364
Grant EPA-R-808804
Pub. in Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sci-
ence, v89 n3-4 p86-89 1986, Sponsored by Corvallis
Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Replicate ponds were stocked with grass carp in May
1982 and a fence exclosure placed in each pond to
assess the effects of this herbivorous fish on the cattail
community. Stocking rate of grass carp four individuals
oer pond each membership 18-23 cm in total length. In
August 1983 the cattail community was assessed by
use of a wire quadrat and visual observations both
within and outside of the exclosures. Grass carp
reduce cattail abundance.
Keywords: "Aquatic weeds, "Weed control, "Carp,
'Ponds, Populations, Length, Abundance, Reduction,
Assessments, Competition, Fresh water fishes, Re-
prints.
PB87-196549/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Focal Lesions of Visual Cortex: Effects on Visual
Evoked Potentials in Rats. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. S. Dyer, K. F. Jensen, and W. K. Boyes. 1987,18p
EPA/600/J-87/017
Pub. in Experimental Neurology 95, p100-115 1987.
Focal lesions were placed in the visual cortex of Long-
Evans hooded rats, immediately below skull screw re-
cording electrodes. Lesions were produced by heat
and extended an average depth of about 0.9 mm
below the cortical surface. Evoked potentials recorded
from the electrode overlying the cortical lesion were
compared to simultaneously recorded potentials from
a contralateral homotopic site. The effects of the le-
sions were selective. Flash evoked potential (FEP)
peaks P1, P2, and N2 were depressed by the lesion,
while peaks N1 and P3 were augmented. Peak N3 was
depressed by the lesion, while peaks N1 and P2 were
made more distinct. The results emphasized that dif-
ferent peaks have different generators, and suggest in
particular that FEP peaks P1 and N2, and peak N3 of
the pattern reversal evoked potential require the su-
perficial layers of the cortex.
Keywords: "Evoked potential. "Cerebral cortex, Nerv-
ous system, Nerve cells, Electrodes, Neurology, Rats,
Electric charge. Reprints, "VEP(Visual Evoked Poten-
tial), FEP(Flash Evoked Potential), PREP(Pattern Re-
versal Evoked Potential).
PB87-196788/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Low NOx, High Efficiency Multistaged Burner:
Fuel Oil Results,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. A. Mulholland, and R. K. Srivastava. May 87,30p
EPA/600/D-87 /169
Contract EPA-68-02-4213
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper discusses the fuel oil portion of an evalua-
tion, utilizing a multistaged combustion burner de-
signed for in-furnace NOx control and high combustion
efficiency, for high nitrogen content fuel and waste in-
cineration application in a 0.6 MW package boiler sim-
ulator. A low NOx precombustion chamber burner has
been reduced in size by about a factor of two (from 600
to 250 ms first-stage residence time) and coupled with
(1) air staging, resulting in a three-stage configuration,
and (2) natural gas fuel staging, yielding up to four stoi-
chiometric zones. Natural gas, doped with ammonia to
yield a 5.8% fuel nitrogen content, and distillate fuel
oil. doped with pyridine to yield a 2% fuel nitrogen con-
tent. were used to simulate high nitrogen content fuel/
waste mixtures. The multistaged burner reduced NO
emissions by 85% from emission levels from a con-
ventional unstaged burner mounted on a commercial
package boiler. A minimum NO emission level of 110
ppm was achieved in the fuel oil tests, from a level of
765 ppm for conventional firing.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Nitrogen oxides,
"Fuel oils, Combustion products, Boilers, Burners,
Design, Performance, "Staged combustion. Stationary
sources.
PB87-196796/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
Effect of Trichloroethylene on Male Sexual Be-
havior: Possible Opioid Role. Journal article,
Cincinnati Univ., OH.
J. L. Nelson, and H. Zenick. c1986, 7p EPA/600/J-86/
362
Grant EPA-R-808880
Pub. in Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology, v8
p441-445 1986. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a chlorinated hydrocarbon
solvent which is widely used as an industrial degreas-
ing agent. Workers exposed to TCE often exhibit
symptoms similar to those symptoms produced by nar-
cotics. The present studies evaluated the effects of
TCE exposure on measures of male sexual behavior in
rats. The data indicated the TCE (1000 mg/kg, PO) 4
hours before testing produced an increased ejacula-
tion latency effect on male copulatory behavior. Nal-
trexone (2.0 mg/kg, IP) given 15 minures before test-
ing blocked this TCE-induced effect. Animals given
chronic TCE administration showed tolerance to
TCE's effect by the end of two weeks. Cross-tolerance
to morphine was also demonstrated at this time. Qua-
ternary naloxone failed to block any of the TCE-in-
duced effects. These data suggest that many of TCE's
effects may be mediated via the endogenous opioid
system at CNS level. (Copyright (c) Ankho Internation-
al Inc.)
Keywords: *Sex behavior, "Chlorohydrocarbons,
"Toxicity, "Exposure, Rats, Hazardous materials, Sol-
vents, Reprints, "Ethylene/trichloro, Toxic sub-
stances.
PB87-197398/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Stabilization of Sewage Sludge by Two-Phase An-
aerobic Digestion. Research rept. 1 Oct 82-30 Nov
85,
Institute of Gas Technology, Chicago, IL.
S. Ghosh, M. P. Henry, and A, Sajjad. May 87, 352p
EPA/600/2-87/040
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The research described in the report was concerned
with evaluation of alternative approaches to anaerobic
digestion, a process commonly used on the residual
stream from wastewater treatment. The principal ap-
proach studied was that of separating the acid- and
methane-forming phases by using two digestion ves-
sels rather than one. The effects of varying tempera-
ture and other operating parameters, and of adding en-
zymes to the process, were also investigated. For con-
tinuous-flow, continuously stirred tank reactors, the
two-phase process performed better than single-stage
digestion for all operating conditions. Novel upflow di-
gesters having high solids retention were also evaluat-
ed and offered further improvements. The enzyme ad-
ditions also enhanced two-phase digestion.
Keywords: "Sludge digestion, "Anaerobic processes,
Waste treatment, Digestion(Decomposition), En-
zymes, Sewage treatment, "Two phase digestion.
PB87-197521/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Corrosion in Water Distribution Systems of the
Pacific Northwest.
Washington Univ., Seattle, Dept. of Civil Engineering.
S. H. Reiber, J. F. Ferguson, M. M. Benjamin, and D.
Spyridakis. Jun 87,79p EPA/600/2-87/042
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
A study was conducted to evaluate the corrosion in the
water distribution systems of several Pacific Northwest
communities. The study involved the evaluation of the
Seattle, Washington, corrosion control program and
analysis of the effect of water quality variation on cor-
rosion rates in Seattle and other communities. Addi-
tional research was conducted on water quality varia-
tion as a function of distribution level.
Keywords: "Water distribution, Corrosion prevention,
Water quality, Water pipelines, Monitoring, Copper,
Water analysis, Pacific Northwest Region(United
States), Seattle(Washington).
PB87-197539/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Synthetic Organic Chemical Removal by Granular
Activated Carbon.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
B. W. Lykins, R. M. Clark, and R. M. Miltner. Jun 87,
38p EPA/600/D-87/193
The paper is an overview of the adsorbability of syn-
thetic organic chemicals (SOC) by granular activated
carbon (GAC). The paper demonstrates the adsorbabi-
lity by presenting data on the removal of SOCs and or-
ganic surrogates such as total organic carbon and total
organic halide by field-scale contactors, pilot columns,
and microcolumns.
Keywords: "Adsorption, "Activated carbon treatment,
Contaminants, Chemical removal(Water treatment),
Potable water, Water treatment, *SOC(Synthetic Or-
ganic Chemicals), MCLG(Maximum Contaminant
Level Goals), SDWA(Safe Drinking Water Act).
PB87-197547/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Conversion of Municipal Sludge to Oil,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
K. M. Lee, P. Griffith, J. B. Farrell, and A. Eralp. Jun 87,
35p EPA/600/D-87/191
Prepared in cooperation with Cincinnati Univ., OH.
Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering.
Thermal conversion of municipal sludge to oil has
been investigated as a viable alternative for ultimate
sludge disposal due to generation of energy. The con-
version process using water as a solvent was evaluat-
ed in a batch mode using primary and secondary mu-
nicipal sludges. A well defined oil separation proce-
dure was developed in the research. The oil obtained
after thermal conversion was dark brown, solid at room
temperature and liquid at above 50 degrees C, with an
average heat content of 9400 cal/g oil. The increase
of oil mass and energy yields as a result of thermal re-
action was 73 and 67% in the primary sludge, and 515
and 485% in the secondary sludge, respectively, all
with 10.9% volatile solids content. Catalyst addition
did not increase the oil mass and energy yields. Data
showed that primary sludge produces more oil and
energy and less byproduct than secondary sludge in
the thermal conversion process.
Keywords: "Conversion, "Sludge, "Oils, Energy, Cata-
lysts, Separation, Sludge disposal, Reprints, "Munici-
palities.
PB87-197554/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Exposure Assessment for the Pesticide Aldicarb
in Florida, USA,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
J. D. Dean, E. W. Strecker, A. M. Salhotra, and L. A.
Mulkey. Jun 87,14p EPA/600/D-87/190
Prepared in cooperation with Woodward-Clyde Con-
sultants, Walnut Creek, CA.
Computer modeling work related to an exposure as-
sessment of the pesticide aldicarb in the State of Flori-
da is presented. The work was divided into two
phases: deterministic modeling of contaminant trans-
port under various soil/management scenarios for
both the unsaturated and saturated zones, and uncer-
tainty analysis of transport in the unsaturated zone
using monte carlo simulations. The paper briefly de-
scribes the modeling study, reports results of the un-
saturated zone modeling, and compares the loading
estimates for aldicarb to ground water using both de-
terministic and probabilistic techniques.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Water pollution, "Computer
simulation, "Monte Carlo method, Contaminants, Ex-
posure, Assessment, Florida, Aldicarb, Computerized
simulation. Land pollution.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-198297/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Influence of Phosphate Corrosion Control Com-
pounds on Bacterial Growth,
Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA.
W. D. Rosenzweig. Jun 87, 69p EPA/600/2-87/045
Grant EPA-R-811613
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The influence of two phosphate corrosion compounds
on the growth and survival of coliform and other heter-
otrophic bacteria was investigated in laboratory, field,
and model system studies. Growth of Citrobacter
freundii, Enterobacter cloacae, and Klebsiella pneu-
moniae was not significantly influenced by the pres-
ence of Shan-No-Corr (0.1 to 2.0 mg/1) in laboratory
studies. In the presence of Virchem 932 (0.01 to 1.0
mg/1, as zinc), growth of E. cloacae was unaffected;
growth of C. freundii and K. pneumoniae was generally
inhibited by Virchem at 0.3 mg/1 and above. The addi-
tion of Fe203 to the water enhanced the inhibitory
action of Virchem 932, but not Shan-No-Corr, for all
three coliforms. Field investigations were conducted in
three water distribution systems. Changes in bacterial
counts and the various physicochemical parameters
were not conclusively correlated to the presence of
the phosphate corrosion control compounds. In model
distribution system studies, the addition of various con-
centrations of the phosphate compounds had no influ-
ence on the growth of the heterotrophic bacteria over
the course of the experiments.
Keywords: "Corrosion prevention, 'Bacteria, "Water
treatment, Water distribution, Potable water, Coliform
bacteria, Physicochemical properties, Electrochemical
corrosion, Tables(Data), "Phosphates, Heterotrophs,
Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella
pneumoniae, Shan-No-Corr, Virchem 932.
PB87-198313/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Biological Treatment of Hazardous Aqueous
Wastes,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
E. J. Opatken, H. K. Howard, and J. J. Bond. Jun 87,
18p EPA/600/D-87/184
Studies have been conducted with a rotating biological
contractor (RBC) to evaluate the treatability of lea-
chates from the Stringfellow and New Lyme hazardous
waste sites. The leachates were transported from the
waste sites to Cincinnati at the United States Environ-
mental Protection Agency's Testing and Evaluation
Facility. A series of batches were run with primary ef-
fluent from Cincinnati's Mill Creek Sewage Treatment
Facility. The paper reports on the results from these
experiments and the effectiveness of an RBC to ade-
quately treat leachates from Superfund sites.
Keywords: "Biodeterioration, "Waste disposal, "Or-
ganic wastes, Tests, Water pollution, Effluents, "Haz-
ardous materials, "Biodegradation.
PB87-198321/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Biological Treatment of Aqueous Hazardous
Wastes,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
J. E. Park, M. K. Koczwara, and R. J. Lesiecki. Jun 87
11p EPA/600/D-87/183
Prepared in cooperation with Cincinnati Univ., OH.
Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering.
The paper describes tests performed in order to evalu-
ate the fate of aqueous organic hazardous waste com-
pounds in the activated sludge process. Gas, liguid,
and waste solids samples were taken from acclimated
activated sludge systems to determine amounts that
were volatilized, biodegraded, and associated with the
wasted solids. Results discussed here include two
compounds, methyl ethyl ketone and 1,1,1 -trichlor-
oethane.
Keywords: "Sludge disposal, "Waste disposal, "Biode-
terioration, "Activated sludge process, Methyl ethyl
ketone, Water pollution, Waste water, Hazardous ma-
terials, Tests, "Biodegradation.
PB87-198354/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of Behavioral Teratogenic Effects,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
C. A. Kimmel. Jun 87,28p EPA/600/D-87/182
The evaluation of behavioral teratogenic effects in
animal studies is discussed in light of the results of the
Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study (CBTS) and
the U.S. EPA's guidelines for the risk assessment of
suspect developmental toxicants. Although behavioral
teratology testing is not routinely required by the U.S.
regulatory agencies, data on existing chemicals are re-
viewed and evaluated in the risk assessment process.
Recent efforts in methods development and valida-
tion, including the CBTS, have provided guidance for
the development of regulatory testing requirements in
specific cases. For example, the U.S. EPA has recently
published a proposed test rule which includes devel-
opmental neurotoxicity testing for the triethylene glycol
ethers. Generic guidelines for such testing may be de-
veloped which can then be applied on a case-by-case
basis.
Keywords: Animal behavior, Medical research, Phar-
macology, Risk, Neurology, Toxicology, "Teratogens,
"Drug effects,, Triethylene glycol ethers.
PB87-198362/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Review of the Canadian and Swedish Experience
for the Control of Indoor Radon. Published paper,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
D. C. Sanchez. Jun 87.19p EPA/600/D-87/181
The paper reviews Canadian and Swedish experience
in controlling indoor radon. Interest in and concern
about elevated levels of radon (Rn) and radon daugh-
ters (RnD) in the indoor environment have been grow-
ing steadily during the last 10 years. During this period
the federal governments of Canada and Sweden, in
conjunction with provincial authorities, have developed
a coordinated response or program for reducing the
national health risk of indoor Rn/RnD exposure. The
focus of these programs is on characterizing and/or
locating the problem areas or dwellings, and providing
demonstrated control approaches to deal with the
indoor Rn/RnD problem. The investigations by
Canada and Sweden have identified numerous control
approaches that are effective when they are applied
appropriately and carefully. Among these control
technqiues are the use of subfloor (depressurization)
ventilation, crawlspace ventilation, house ventilation,
and new construction practices such as monolithic
pours with floor/wall joint sealing.
Keywords: "Radon, Air pollution control, Emission, Ex-
posure, Ventilation, Joint sealers, Reprints, "Construc-
tion materials, "Indoor air pollution, Canada, Sweden.
PB87-198370/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Geologic and Atmospheric Input Factors Affect-
ing Watershed Chemistry in Upper Michigan. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
G. Rapp, B. W. Liukkonen, J. D. Allert, J. A. Sorensen,
and G. E. Glass. 1987,19p EPA/600/J-87-034
Pub. in Environ. Geol. Water Sci., v9 n3 p155-171 Mar
1987. Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Univ.,
Duluth. Coll. of Science and Engineering, and Butler
Univ., Indianapolis, IN. Holcomb Research Inst.
The relationships between watershed variables and
lakewater chemistry were examined for 53 lakes in the
Upper Peninsula of Michigan to identify factors influ-
encing lake sensitivity to atmospheric inputs. The
lakes lie in three distinct geologic/geomorphic regions.
Acid neutralization capacity (ANC), sulfate and color
were correlated with parameters related to atmospher-
ic loading, watershed area and relief, hydrology, geolo-
gy, and land use for the entire 53-lake set and for lower
alkalinity subsets. Acid-neutralizing capacity was relat-
ed to atmospheric acidic inputs and, in the southern
portion of the Upper Peninsula, to the presence of min-
eralized groundwater inputs.
Keywords: "Acidification, "Lakes, "Water pollution,
"Air pollution. Neutralizing, Acidity, Correlation, Inor-
ganic sulfates, Color, Watersheds, Land use, Ground
water, Sedimentary rocks, Hydrogeology, Organic
soils. Sensitivity, Michigan, Reprints, Path of pollut-
ants.
PB87-198368/HSU	PC A02/MF AOI
Critical Prenatal Periods for Chlorambucil-in-
duced Functional Alterations of the Rat Kidney.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. J. Kavlock, B. F, Rehnberg, and E. H. Rogers. 1987
16p EPA/600/J-87/033
Pub. in Toxicology 43, p51 -64 1987.
Previous studies have demonstrated that exposure of
rats to chlorambucil during the period of metanephric
differentiation results in morphological and functional
alterations of the kidneys after birth. The present study
describes the effects of chlorambucil treatment at vari-
ous gestational ages on neonatal renal function. The
results demonstrate that the critical period for the in-
duction of specific renal defects and hypoplasia lies on
day 11 of gestation, but functional alterations of the
kidneys were observed after exposure on day 15 of
gestation.
Keywords: "Kidney, Pregnancy, Toxicity, Rats, Con-
genital abnormalities, Reprints, "Chlorambucil, "Pre-
natal exposure delayed effects, Neonatal diseases
and abnormalities, "AbnormalitiesfDrug induced), En-
viromental pollutants.
PB87-198396/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
In Situ Restoration Techniques for Aquifers Con-
taminated with Hazardous Wastes. Journal article,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada
OK.
M. D. Lee, J. T. Wilson, and C. H. Ward, ci987,15p
EPA/600/J-87-032
Pub. in Jnl. of Hazardous Materials 14, p71-82 1987.
Prepared in cooperation with Rice Univ., Houston, TX.
Dept. of Environmental Science and Engineering.
Improper disposal of hazardous wastes is a threat to
the nation's ground water supply. Methods which pre-
vent contamination are probably the most effective
techniques to protect ground water. Once contamina-
tion problems occur, there are a number of in situ tech-
niques that can be used to cleanse the ground water
and at least partially restore the aquifer. Chemical and
physical treatment techniques include processes such
as neutralization, chemical reaction, extraction and im-
mobilization. Biological techniques for in situ treatment
generally involve enhancing the degradative capacity
of the indigenous microflora or the addition of orga-
nisms acclimated to degrade the contaminants. (Copy-
right (c) 1987 Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.)
Keywords: "Ground water, "Hazardous materials,
"Water treatment, Water pollution, Pollution, Aquifers,
Contaminants, Purification, Toxicology, Reprints.
PB87-198404/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Manganese, Calcium, Magnesium, and
Zinc on Nickel-Induced Suppression of Murim
Natural Killer Cell Activity. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. J. Smialowicz, R. R. Rogers, M. M. Riddle, R. W,
Luebke, and L. D. Fogelson. C1987,16p EPA/600/J-
87/031
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health
20, p67-80 1987. Prepared in cooperation with Nor-
throp Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The effects that divalent metals have on nickel-in-
duced suppression of natural killer (NK) cell activity
were studied in mice. Male CBA/J mice were given a
single intramuscular injection of nickel chloride (4.5-36
micrograms NiCI2/g), manganese chloride (20-80 mi-
crograms MnCl2/g), magnesium acetate (50-200 mi-
crograms MgOAc/g), zinc acetate (208 micrograms
AnOAc/g) or calcium acetate (12.5-50 micrograms
CaOAc/g), and splenic NK cell activity was assessed
24 hours later using a (51)Cr release assay. The data
indicate that both the divalent metal and the timing of
its injection relative to Ni injection are critical for alter-
ing Ni-induced suppression of NK cell activity. (Copy-
right (c) 1987 by Hemisphere Publishing Corporation)
Keywords: Toxicity, Chemical Compounds, Nickel
Carcinogens, "Mice, "Magnesium, "Manganese, 'Cal-
cium, "Zinc, "NK cells, "Natural killer cells, "Antago-
nists and inhibitors.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-198438/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
User Manual for Two-Dimensional Multi-Class
Phytoplankton Model with Internal Nutrient Pool
Kinetics,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
V. J. Bierman, and L. M. Mcllroy. Nov 86, 162p EPA/
600/3-86/061
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Research
Lab., Narragansett, Rl., and Clarkson Univ., Potsdam,
NY.
As part of a long-term case study of eutrophication in
Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, a multi-class phytoplankton
model with internal nutrient pool kinetics was devel-
oped. The model is a deterministic mass balance
model which is temporally dynamic, and spatially seg-
mented in the horizontal. The nutrients included in the
model are phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicon. The pur-
pose of the user manual is to document the model for
scientists and engineers so that it can be applied to
other physical systems. An overview of the model is
presented, along with the governing equations for con-
servation of mass, and the equations for all process ki-
netic formulations. Two spatially simplified examples
are presented in detail.
Keywords: "Nutrients, 'Phytoplankton, "Water pollu-
tion, "Lake Huron, Saginaw Bay, Mathematical
models, Biomass, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Silicon, Shal-
low water, Programming manuals, Two dimensional
flow, Kinetics, Input output routines, "Eutrophication,
Computer applications.
PB87-198453/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Cholinergic Involvement in the Action of Forme-
tanate on Operant Behavior in Rats. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Neurotoxicology Div.
V. C. Moser, and R. C. MacPhail. 1987, 6p EPA/600/J-
87/030
Pub. in Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, v26
p119-121 1987.
Formetanate (FMT) is a formamidine acaricide/insecti-
cide with a carbamate moiety in its molecular structure.
FMT-induced lethality is reportedly due to inhibition of
acetylcholinesterase. Here evidence is reported of the
neurochemical basis for the sublethal, behavioral ef-
fects of FMT in rats. Injections of scopolamine and
methyiscopolamine 15 min before FMT blocked the re-
sponse rate suppression, whereas pretreatment with
either mecamylamine or hexamethonium did not.
These data suggest that FMT acts as an indirect agon-
ist on central and peripheral muscarinic receptors, by
inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, to produce changes in
schedule-controlled responding.
Keywords: "Carbamates, "Insecticides, "Conditioned
responses, Sense organs, Rats, Scopolamine, Toxici-
ty,	Reprints,	"Receptors(Cholinergic),
"Conditioning(Operant), Receptors(Muscarinic).
PB87-198461/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Synaptonemal Complex Damage as a Measure of
Chemical Mutagen Effects on Mammalian Germ
Cells. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
J. W. Allen, G. K. DeWeese, J. B. Gibson, P. A.
Poorman, and M. J. Moses. C1987, 8p EPA/60O/J-87/
028
Pub. in Mutation Research 190, p19-24 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Duke Univ. Medical Center,
Durham, NC.
As heritable chromosome anomalies are implicated in
a variety of human disabilities, their induction in germ
cells by environmental chemicals is viewed as a threat
to health. Synaptonemal complex (SC) analysis is a
novel approach for the detection of germ-line chromo-
somal damage. This sensitive cytological procedure
reveals induced structural damage and pairing abnor-
malities in SCs of meiotic prophase chromosomes, to-
gether with other germ-line toxic effects, in the testes
of rodents treated with mitomycin C and cyclophos-
phamide. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of
SC analysis as a rapid and practical in vivo germ-line
mutagen assay that lacks many of the shortcomings of
existing tests. (Copyright (c) 1987 Elsevier Science
publishers B.V. Biomedical Division.)
Keywords: "Genetics, "Mutations, Germ cells, Chro-
mosomes, Toxicology, Mitomycins. Cyclophospha-
mide, Reproductive system. Reprints, Synaptonemal
complex, "Enviromental pollutants, Health hazards,
Meiosis, Mutagenicity tests, Genetic toxicity tests.
PB87-198479/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparative Mutagenicity of Halogenated Pyri-
dines In the 'Salmonella Typhimurium'/Mammali-
an Microsome Test. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. D. Claxton, K. L. Dearfield, R. J. Spanagord, E. S.
Riccio, and K. Moetelmans. C1987,17pEPA/6O0/J-
87/027
Pub. in Mutation Research 176, p185-198 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with SRI International. Menlo
Park, CA.
The Salmonella/microsome assay with strains TA97,
TA98, TA100, andTA102was used to examine the po-
tential mutagenicity and structure-activity of 16 mono-
and dihalogenated pyridines. The chemical reactivity
of the halopyridines suggests that nucleophilic dis-
placement of halogens can occur with halogens at po-
sitions 2, 4, and 6 being displaced in addition-elimina-
tion reactions. 2-Chloropyridine gave a positive result
with rat liver metabolic activation, and 2-fluoropyridine
gave equivocal results under these conditions. Muta-
genic responses were also obtained with 2-chloro-
methyl pyridine and 3-chloromethyl pyridine, both in
the presence and absence of rat liver S-9. These re-
sults suggest the halogenated pyridines, especially
with halogens at the 2-position, and singly on a methyl
substituent, have mutagenic activity in the Salmonella
assay.
Keywords: "Mutagens, "Salmonella typhimurium, Ri-
bosomes, Pyridines, Hazardous materials, Toxicity,
Chemical tests. Halogens, Tables(Data), Reprints.
PB87-198487/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Differing Response of Asthmatics to Sulfur Diox-
ide Exposure with Continuous and Intermittent
Exercise. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Clinical Research Branch.
H.	R. Kehrl, L. J. Roger, M. J. Hazucha, and D, H.
Horstman. 29 Aug 86,8p EPA/600/J-87/026
Pub. in American Review of Respiratory Diseases,
n135p350-355 1987.
Ten mild asthmatics were initially exposed in an envi-
ronmental chamber (26 c, 70% RH) to clean air and
I.0	ppm sulfur dioxide while performing three sets of
10 minutes treadmill exercise (ventilation = 41 1/min)
and 15 minutes rest. To evaluate the effects of the pat-
tern and duration of exercise on the response to sulfur
dioxide exposure, the subjects were then exposed to
the same environmental conditions, while exercising
continuously for 30 minutes. Specific airways resist-
ance (SRaw) was measured by body plethysmography
prior to exposures and after each exercise. All SRaw
responses with sulfur dioxide exposure were signifi-
cantly different than the clean air responses. It ap-
pears that asthmatics show an attenuated response to
repetitive exercise in a 1.00 ppm sulfur dioxide atmos-
phere and that the response to sulfur dioxide exposure
develops rapidly and is maintained during 30 minutes
continuous exercise.
Keywords: "Respiratory diseases, "Asthma,
"Exercise(Physiology), "Sulfur dioxide, Exposure, Air
pollution, Ventilation, Respiration, Performance tests,
Reprints, Dose rate.
PB87-198495/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Organics, Polymers, and Performance In Direct
Filtration. Journal article,
Massachusetts Univ., Amherst.
J. K. Edzwald, M. Asce, W. C. Becker, A. M. Asce, and
S. J. Tambini. c1987, 21 p EPA/600/J-87/024
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Engineering, v113 n1 Feb
87. Prepared in cooperation with American Water
Works Sen/ice Co., Marlton, NJ., and American Water
Works Service Co., Inc., Haddon Heights, NJ. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati,
OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The effects of raw water quality, chemical variables,
and physical filter variables on direct filtration perform-
ance are examined. Cationic polyelectrolytes as sole
coagulants are effective in treating low turbidity, col-
ored waters by direct filtration. Cationic polymers can
remove approximately 40% of the total organic carbon
and trihalomethane precursors. Filtration rate, direct
filtration mode (in-line versus flocculation), and water
temperature did not have a significant effect on remov-
als. Greater removals were achieved by alum. For
waters containing relatively high concentrations of
humic matter (color) or submicron size particles, direct
filtration with a flocculation period produces less head
loss development and longer filter runs. (Copyright (c)
ASCE, 1987.)
Keywords: "Performance, Organic compounds, "Po-
lyelectrolytes, Flocculating, Turbidity, Dissolved organ-
ic matter, Water quality, "Water treatment, "Filtration,
Reprints, Trihalomethane.
PB87-198503/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Diet on Growth and Survival of Larval
Wallyes. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
K. E. F. Hokanson, and G.J. Lien. 1986,11 p EPA/
600/J-86/372
The effects of diet quality on larval walleye (Stizoste-
dion vitreum vitreum) growth and survival are de-
scribed. The cyclopoid copepod Diacyclops thomasi
consumed larval walleyes within 1 o min at dense co-
pepod concentrations and within 1 day at lower densi-
ties (500 organisms/L). At initial feeding, larval wal-
leyes consumed both copepods and cladocerans 500-
1,100 micrometer total length. Postlarva-ll walleyes
fed four different diets (minnow larvae, brine shrimp,
and two size grades of zooplankton) for 6 days aver-
aged 4.00 mg, 3.48 mg, 2.23 mg, and 1.92 mg (dry
weight), respectively. No appreciable differences in
survival (70-85%) were observed on these diets.
During the first 3 weeks of life, the survival of walleye
larvae at optimal conditions of diet, temperature, light,
space, and density was 71% (range, 52-87%). The
combined influence of higher water temperatures and
smaller food organisms stimulated initial feeding 3
days sooner than previously reported for larval wal-
leyes. Sufficient food and higher temperatures may be
factors in suppression of cannibalism. Artemia sp. may
be the best choice of a first food, because brine shrimp
support high growth and survival of larval walleyes and
do not prey on the larvae as do some copepods.
Keywords: "Aquaculture, "Marine fishes, Larvae, Zoo-
plankton, Nutrition, Tables(Data), Growth, Reprints,
Diet, "Walleye.
PB87-198511/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Teratogenic Effects of the Fungicide Dinocap In
the Mouse. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. M. Rogers, B. Carver, L. E. Gray, J. A. Gray, and R. J.
Kaylock. 1986, 9p EPA/600/J-86/371
Pub. in Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagen-
esis 6, p375-381 1986.
The teratogenic potential of the fungicide dinocap was
evaluated in CD-1 mice. Pregnant mice were dosed by
intubation with dinocap in corn oil on gestation days 7-
16. Doses used were 0, 5,10, 20, 40, 80, and 120 mg/
kg/day, based on d 6 weight. Dams were killed on d
18, at which time fetuses were counted, weighed, and
preserved for necropsy or skeletal examination. The
highest dose killed 80% of the dams dosed, while 29%
of the dams in the 80 mg/kg group died during dosing.
There was no dose-related maternal mortality at lower
doses. Net maternal weight gain was affected only at
80 mg/kg/day. There were no live fetuses at 120 mg/
kg/day. The number of live fetuses per litter was de-
creased and resorptions increased at 80 mg/kg. This
study shows that dinocap is teratogenic in the CD-1
mouse at doses well below those causing maternal
toxicity.
Keywords: "Fungicides, "Teratoma, "Congenital ab-
normalities, Mice, Cleft palate, Embryos, Pregnancy,
Reprints, "Dinitrobenzenes, "Teratogens, Abnormali-
ties drug induced, Fetal growth retardation, Dose re-
sponse relationship drug.
PB87-198677/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Policy Analysis.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Comparison o( Alternative Approaches for Esti-
mating Recreation and Related Benefits of Water
Quality Improvements. Final rept..
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
W. H. Desvousges, V. K. Smith, and M. P. McGivney.
Mar 83, 283p EPA/230/05-83/001
Contract EP A-68-01 -5838
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Policy Analysis.
The study compares three methods for measuring the
overall recreation and related benefits of improved
water quality. (It does not measure commercial use
benefits or withdrawal use benefits). These methods
are travel cost, contingent valuation, and contingent
ranking. The comparison is based on detailed inter-
view data for 305 user and nonuser households in the
Pennsylvania portion of the Monongahela River water-
shed. The benefits measurement approaches show
consistent results for comparable changes in water
quality.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Benefit cost
analysis, 'Recreation, Improvement, Estimates,
Models, Utilization, Water pollution control, "Water
based recreation.
PB87-198701/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Retrospective Evaluation of the Effects of Select-
ed Industrial Wastes on Municipal Solid Waste
Stabilization in Simulated Landfills,
Georgia Inst, of Tech., Atlanta. School of Civil Engi-
neering.
F. G. Pohland, and S. R. Harper. Jun 87,251 p* EPA/
600/2-87/044
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The report is a retrospective evaluation of ten years of
leachate and gas data collected from 19 simulated
landfills (landfill cells) containing municipal solid waste
codisposed with sewage sludge or industrial wastes.
Physical and chemical parameters from each landfill
cell are compared to conceptualized landfill stabiliza-
tion patterns in order to identify those cells that
achieved rapid biological stabilization (RBS). Selected
leachate and gas constituent concentrations are also
compared between cells in order to draw conclusions
regarding the influence of codisposed wastes and
other variables on landfill performance.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Earth fills, Drain-
age, Leaching, Gases, Stabilization, 'Sanitary landfills,
Water pollution.
PB87-198735/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Criteria Pollutant Emission Factors for the 1985
NAPAP (National Acid Precipitation Assessment
Program) Emissions Inventory. Final rept. Oct 86-
May 87,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. B. Stockton, and J. H. E. Stalling. May 87, 228p
EPA/600/7-87/015
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
Prepared in cooperation with National Acid Precipita-
tion Assessment Program, Washington, DC. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Re-
search Lab.
The report provides emission factor estimates for vola-
tile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides
(NOx), and sulfur oxides (SOx) which were developed
from a variety of readily available information. As part
of the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Pro-
gram (NAPAP), the EPA identified the need to gener-
ate emission factors for VOCs for about 1,800 source
classification categories (SCCs). Additionally, emis-
sion factor development was needed for NOx, SOx,
and VOCs for SCCs that states have used to report
emissions. The objective of the effort was to estimate
VOC emission factors for all SCCs where VOC factors
were previously absent, and to develop NOx and SOx
emission factors for SCCs that states had reported as
emission sources.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Industries, Manufacturing,
Organic compounds, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur oxides,
836 Vol. 90, No. 24
Carbon monoxide, Chemical industry, Petroleum prod-
ucts, Acidification, Precipidation(Meteorology), 'Air
pollution control, Emission factors, Acid rain.
PB87-198743/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Composition of Leachates from Actual Hazardous
Waste Sites,
IMR Corp., Washington, DC.
J. Bramlett, C. Furman, A. Johnson, W. D. Ellis, and H.
Nelson. Jun 87,124p EPA/600/2-87/043
Contract EPA-68-03-3113
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The document lists the chemical composition of lea-
chates from 13 hazardous waste sites located through
the U.S. Based on this data, laboratory formulated 'lea-
chates' were suggested to test liner compatibility.
General observations made were: the leachates were
approximately 99% aqueous and 1% oganic by
weight; only 4% of the total organic carbon (TOC) was
characterized; of the characterized TOC, the most sig-
nificant portions were organic acids and oxygenated/
heteroatomic hydrocarbons. Halogenated hydrocar-
bons were less, but still a significant portion of the
overall organics content.
Keywords: 'Chemical composition, 'Earth fills, 'Haz-
ardous materials, Linings, Organic compounds, Hydro-
carbons, Sampling, 'Leachates.
PB87-198776/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Equilibration of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and
Toxaphene with Air and Water. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
T. J. Murphy, M. D. Mullin, and J. A. Mever. C1987,11 p
EPA/600/J-87/025
Grant EPA-R-805325
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v21
n2 p 155-162 Feb 87. Prepared in cooperation with De
Paul Univ., Chicago, IL., and Environmental Research
Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie, Ml. Large Lakes Research
Station.
The vapor pressure and solubility (as subcooled liq-
uids) and Henry's Law constants (HLCs) for the indi-
vidual chlorobiphenyl compounds (CBC) in Aroclor
1242, 1254, and 1260, as well as the HLCs for toxa-
phene, have been determined with an equilibrium tech-
nique. The results were obtained from one set of
measurements, for all of the CBC present in the mate-
rials of interest, the subcooled organic mixtures that
are partitioning in the environment. The HLCs are such
that the transport rate of these compounds through
the air/water interface should be dependent on both
the gas- and liquid-phase mass-transfer coefficients.
The solubility of the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
in water is shown to be significantly lower when a solu-
tion is prepared by adding an organic solution (ace-
tone, methanol, etc.) of the PCBs to water. These re-
sults affect the design and the interpretation of the re-
sults from toxicity experiments. (Copyright (c) 1987
American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Water pollution, 'Insecti-
cides, Balancing, Ecology, Toxicology, Reprints, Bi-
phenyl, Chlorine organic compounds, 'Toxaphene,
'Polychlorinated biphenyls, HLCs(Henrys Law Con-
stants).
PB87-198784/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Re-
search.
Project for International Information Exchange on
Dioxins, Furans and Related Chemicals,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
F. W. Kutz, and D. P. Bottimore. Jun 87, 9p EPA/600/
M-87/018
Contract EPA-68-02-4254
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Environmental Processes
and Effects Research.
A project promoting the exchange of information on
polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and related chemi-
cals has been initiated on an international basis by the
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Informa-
tion being exchanged concerns research and other ac-
tivities which involve polychlorinated dibenzo-p-diox-
ins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and related chemi-
cals. In addition to the major information exchange ob-
jective, secondary objectives include the reduction of
research program duplication and the assistance in
identification of knowledge voids. NATO-member
countries participating are Canada, Denmark, the Fed-
eral Republic of Germany, Italy, the Netherlands,
Norway, the United Kingdom, and the United States!
The project is divided up into three basic working
groups: (1) exposure and hazard assessment, (2) tech-
nology assessment, (3) management of accidents.
Keywords: 'Furans, 'Hazardous materials, Risk, Tech-
nology assessment, Information, Toxicity, Canada,
Denmark, Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, Nether-
lands, Norway, United Kingdom, United States, 'Toxic
substances, * Dibenzo-p-dioxins, NATO(North Atlantic
T reaty Organization).
PB87-198792/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Mutagenicity of Indoor Air Particles In a Residen-
tial Pilot Field Study: Application and Evaluation
of New Methodologies. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
J. Lewtas, S. Goto, K. Williams, J. C. Chuang, and B. A.
Petersen. C1987,10p EPA/600/J-87/029
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment. v21 n2 p443-449
1987. Prepared in cooperation with Institute of Public
Health, Tokyo (Japan). Dept. of Community Environ-
mental Sciences, and Battelle Columbus Div., OH.
The mutagenicity of indoor air particulate matter has
been measured in a pilot field study of homes in Co-
lumbus, Ohio, during the 1984 winter. The study was
conducted in eight all natural gas homes and two all
electric homes. Particulate matter and semi-volatile or-
ganic compounds were collected indoors using a
medium volume sampler. A micro-forward mutation
bioassay employing Salmonella typhimurium strain TNI
677 was used to quantify the mutagenicity in solvent
extracts of microgram quantities of indoor air particles.
The mutagenicity was quantified in terms of both muta-
tion frequency per mg of organic matter extracted and
per cubic meter of air sampled. The combustion
source variables explored in this study included wbod-
burning in fireplaces and cigarette smoking. Homes in
which cigarette smoking occurred had the highest con-
centrations of mutagenicity per cubic meter of air.
(Copyright (c) Atmospheric Environment Vol. 21, No. 2
pp. 443-449, 1987.)
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Residential buildings, Muta-
ens, Particles, Organic compounds, Bioassay,
moke, Reprints, 'Indoor air pollution, Air sampling'
Columbus(Ohio), Salmonella typhimurium TM 677'
Cigarette smoking.
PB87-198800/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Influence of External Cation Concentration on the
Hatching of Amphibian Embryos in Water of Low
pH. Journal article,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Dept. of Bi-
ology.
J. Freda, and W. A. Dunson. C1985,10p EPA/600/J-
85/490
Summary in French. Pub. in Can. Jnl. Zool., v63 p2649-
2656 1985. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
Amphibian embryos exposed to water of low pH were
killed by two distinct mechanisms. At very low pH
levels, embryos stopped development soon after ex-
posure to test solutions. At higher but still lethal pH
levels, embryos became curled within a shrunken peri,
vitelline space and failed to hatch (curling defect). The
addition of Ca, Mg, and to a lesser extent Na (greater
than 10 mg/l), prevented the early mortality of em-
bryos in acidic water. However, increasing concentra-
tions of these ions also caused the curling defect. Em-
bryos of Ambystoma maculatum and Ambystoma jaf.
fersomanum were generally able to hatch even though
they became curled, but Rana sylvatica remained
trapped and died. Consequently, as the concentration
of Ca, Mg, or Na was increased at low pH, greater
numbers of embryos of A. maculatum and A. jefferson-
ianum hatched, while survival of embryos of R. sylva-
tica was drastically reduced.
Keywords: "Acidity, 'Reproduction(Biology), *Em.
bryos, "Amphibia, Ponds, Toxicity, Exposure, Mortalitv"
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
um, Sodium, Ions, Sensitivity, Comparison, Survival,
Defects, Reprints, "Ambystoma, *Rana.
PB87-198818/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab,, OR,
Stream Fish Communities Revisited: A Case of
Mistaken Identity. Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
T. R. Whittier, and D. L. Miller. c1986,8p EPA/600/J-
86/367
Contract EPA-68-03-3246
Pub. in American Naturalist, v128 n3 p433-437 Sep 86.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
An extensive array of tools is available to help ecolo-
gists study community structure. Increasingly, the au-
thors rely on the more abstract of these tools, for ex-
ample, mathematical models of varying complexity
and multivariate statistical techniques, which are
useful and often appropriate. Studies of stream fish
communities can make substantial contributions to the
authors understanding of community structure and
function. The authors were motivated to respond to
Herbold's (1984) paper because of his failure to use
adequate autecological information in studies of this
type and because of our concern that Herbold's con-
clusions about pool and riffle fishes might pass unchal-
lenged into some theoretical framework related to
stream fish communities.
Keywords: 'Ecology, "Fresh water fishes, "Streams,
Abundance, Populations, Correlation, Sampling, Sites,
Differences, Statistical tests, Spring(Season), Min-
nows, Rainfall, Field tests, Jordon Creek, Illinois, Re-
prints, Habitats.
PB87-198826/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effect of Prior Exposure on Sodium Uptake in
Tadpoles Exposed to Low pH Water. Journal arti-
cle,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Dept. of Bi-
ology.
J. Freda, and W. A. Dunson. c1986, 9p EPA/600/J-
86/368
Pub. in Jnl. of Comparative Physiology B 156, p649-
654 1986. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
Bullfrog tadpoles (Rana catesbeiana) were pre-ex-
posed (7d) to 5 different solutions which varied in ionic
composition and pH. Uni-directional sodium influx was
then measured over a range of sodium concentrations
(50-2000 micrometers) and at 2 pH's (4.0 and 5.8).
Tadpoles pre-treated in either distilled water or pH 4.0
soft water exhibited higher sodium influx than animals
pre-treated in pH 5.8 soft water. Pre-exposure to solu-
tions high in calcium or sodium reduced sodium influx.
Tadpoles pre-treated in pH 4.0 soft water exhibited an
increased V sub max for sodium transport, while K sub
m was unchanged relative to tadpoles pre-treated in
pH 5.8 soft water. In contrast, K sub m was increased
and V sub max was unchanged in tadpoles pre-ex-
posed to high concentrations of calcium or sodium.
Within each pre-exposure treatment, influx was inhibit-
ed in pH 4.0 test water relative to pH 5.8 test water.
However, the magnitude of inhibition was lessened
with increasing external concentrations of sodium.
(Copyright (c) Springer-Verlag 1986.)
Keywords: 'Acidity, 'Exposure, 'Frogs, 'Water pollu-
tion,	Air	pollution,	Sodium,
Concentration(Composition), pH, Ion
density(Concentration), Calcium, Toxicity, Reprints,
'Rana catesbeiana, Tadpoles, 'Acid precipitation.
PB87-198834/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Multispecies Cation Leaching during Continuous
Displacement of Electrolyte Solutions through
Soil Columns. Journal article,
Florida Univ., Gainesville.
R. S. Mansell, S. A. Bloom, H. M. Selim, and R. D.
Rhue. 1986,17p EPA/600/J-86/369
Pub. in Geoderma, 38 p61-75 1986. Prepared in coop-
eration with Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
A model based upon concepts of multispecies ion
chromatography and mobile-immobile water was de-
veloped to simulate the leaching of major soil cations
during steady, continuous infiltration of electrolyte so-
lutions into soil columns. The model assumes that a
fraction of exchange sites is readily accessible to the
mobile solution located in large intra-aggregate pores
and that the remaining slowly accessible exchange
sites are located in the immobile solution inside small-
er pores within aggregates. Ion exchange is assumed
to occur instanteously for all of the partitioned ex-
change sites. Diffusive transfer of ions between the
mobile and immobile solution phases results in a time
lag for cation leaching from the two compartments of
exchange sites, as well as early breakthrough for ion
concentration in effluent flowing from the soil column.
(Copyright (c) 1986 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.)
Keywords: 'Leaching, 'Cations, 'Soil science.
'Porous materials, 'Aquifers, Electrolytes, Ion ex-
changing, Mathematical models. Diffusion, Magnesi-
um, Calcium, Porosity, Dispersing, Soil water, Fluid in-
filtration, Reprints.
P887-198842/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effect of the Quantity and Duration of Application
of Simulated Acid Precipitation on Nitrogen Min-
eralization and Nitrification In a Forest Soil. Jour-
nal article,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. Dept. of Agronomy.
T. M. Klein, and M. Alexander. c1986,11 p EPA/600/J-
86/370
Pub. in Water, Air and Soil Pollution, v28 p309-318 Apr
86. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research
Lab., OR.
A study was conducted of the influence of the rate of
application of simulated acid rain on N mineralization
and nitrification in a forest soil. The rates were varied
by applying different quantities of simulated rain for
varying periods of time. The soil was exposed in the
laboratory to simulated rain at pH 3.5, 4.1., or 5.6 at
rates equivalent to 1.5, 2.3,4.6,7.1 or 15 times the av-
erage rate of precipitation in the field and then mineral-
ization of soil N or oxidation of added ammonium was
determined. The rates of N mineralization were inhibit-
ed by precipitation at pH 3.5 or 4.1 when applied for
27-234 days at rates 1.5 times greater than that which
occurs in nature. N mineralization was not affected by
simulated rain at pH 3.5 or 4.1 in soils exposed for 156
days at 2.3 times the natural rate of precipitation, for
27 or 81 days at 4.6 times the natural rate, for 54 days
at 7.1 times the natural rate, or for 234 day at 15 times
the natural rate. (Copyright (c) 1986 by D. Reidel Pub-
lishing Company).
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Precipitation(Meteorology),
'Nitrification, 'Forestry, Soil microbiology, Exposure,
pH, Oxidation reduction reactions, Nitrogen, Fertiliz-
ers, Ammonium compounds. Inhibition, Reprints.
PB87-198982/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Incorporation of Biological Information In Cancer
Risk Assessment: Example-Vinyl Chloride,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
C. W. Chen, and J. N. Blancato. Jun 87,51 p* EPA/
600/D-87/188
Vinyl chloride (VC) is used as an example to demon-
strate how biological information can be incorporated
into quantitative risk assessment. The information in-
cluded Is the pharmacokinetics of VC in animals and
humans and the data-generated hypothesis that VC
primarily affects the initiation stage of the multistage
carcinogenesis. The emphasis in the paper is on the
improvement of risk assessment methodology rather
than the risk assessment of VC per se. Sufficient data
are available to construct physiologically-based phar-
macokinetic models for both animals and humans.
These models are used to calculate the metabolized
dose corresponding to exposure scenarios in animals
and in humans. On the basis of the data on liver angio-
sarcomas and carcinomas in rats, the cancer risk per
unit of metabolized dose is comparable, irrespective of
routes (oral or inhalation) of exposure. The tumor re-
sponse from an intermittent/partial lifetime exposure is
shown to be consistent with that from a lifetime expo-
sure when VC is assumed to affect the first (initiation)
stage of the multistage carcinogenic process. Further-
more, the risk estimates calculated on the basis of
animal data are shown to be consistent with the
human experience.
Keywords: 'Vinyl chloride, 'Malignant neoplasms, As-
sessments, Risk, 'Cancer, 'Health risks. Pharmaco-
kinetics, Carcinogenesis.
PB87-198990/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
By-Products of Chlorinatlon at Ten Operating Util-
ities.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research Div.
A. A. Stevens, L. A. Moore, C. J. Slocum, B. L. Smith,
and D. R. Seeger. Jun 87,48p EPA/600/D-87/192
Prepared in cooperation with Iowa Univ., Iowa City.
Finished water from ten utilities was studied to deter-
mine the extent of occurrence of byproducts of disin-
fection with chlorine. Free chlorine was used at some
point in the treatment process at each of these loca-
tions. GC/MS spectra of components of extracts from
these utilities were compared with spectra in a data
base of over seven hundred spectra previously gener-
ated from composite work of earlier representative
studies. Six compounds were found in all ten extracts.
Twelve compounds were found in relatively large
quantities at most locations. These twelve appear to
account for between 30 and 60 percent of the meas-
ured total organic halogen. About 200 total com-
pounds were found cumulatively in the samples from
the 10 utilities.
Keywords: 'Chlorination, 'Water treatment, 'Byprod-
ucts, Disinfection, Potable water, Organic compounds,
Contaminants, Toxicity, Regulations, Utilities, Public
health, Sampling, Chemical analysis.
PB87-199006/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Photoprocesses Involving Natural
Organic Matter,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
R. G. Zepp. Jun 87,30p EPA/600/D-87/194
Current research is reviewed on the photoreactions
that occur when sunlight interacts with soil and aquatic
organic matter. The primary focus is on photopro-
cesses involving humic substances. Investigations of
the direct photoreactions of humic substances are dis-
cussed, with emphasis on the fading of the uv-visible
and fluorescence spectra. The balance of the back-
ground paper deals with sunlight-induced reactions be-
tween humic substances and trace organic or metallic
substrates. Recent studies have shown that these indi-
rect photoreactions are mediated by electronically ex-
cited states or reactive intermediates derived there-
from that react with substrates by electronic energy
transfer, by electron transfer, and/or by various free
radical processes. Concepts and methods that are
used to elucidate the nature and concentrations of
these transient reactants are discussed, including ap-
proaches based on steady-state irradiations and tech-
niques that employ laser flash photolysis.
Keywords: 'Photochemical reactions, Electromagnet-
ic absorption, Light(Visible radiation), Sunlight, Energy
transfer, Free radicals, Humic acids, Reprints, "Humic
substances, Organic materials, Soil chemistry.
PB87-199154/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Organic Emission Measurements via Small Cham-
ber Testing.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
B. A. Tichenor. Jun 87,12p EPA/600/D-87/187
The paper discusses the measurement of organic
emissions from a variety of indoor materials, using
small (166 liter) environmental test chambers. The fol-
lowing materials were tested: adhesives, caulks,
pressed wood products, floor waxes, paints, solid in-
secticides. For each material, chamber concentration
of organics has been determined for a range of envi-
ronmental conditions (e.g., air exchange rate, temper-
ature, and relative humidity). Various product loading
ratios (area of sample/volume of chamber) have also
been investigated. Emission rates for individual organ-
ic compounds, as well as total measured organics,
were calculated. The effects of environmental varia-
bles on emission rates have been evaluated. Models
are used to evaluate the effect of chamber walls and
concentration on emission rates.
Keywords: 'Emission, 'Organic compounds, "Meas-
urement, Adhesives, Sealing compounds, Press-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
boards, Waves, Paints, Test chambers, Reprints,
"Indoor air pollution. Pollution control.
PB87-199162/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Use of Diagnostic Measurements to Enhance the
Selection and Effectiveness of Radon Mitigation
for Detached Dwellings. Technical rept. (Final),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
D. C. Sanchez, L. M. Hubbard, and D. Harrje. Jun 87,
10p* EPA/600/D-87/168
Prepared in cooperation with Princeton Univ., NJ.
The paper discusses the use of diagnostic measure-
ments to enhance the selection and effectiveness of
radon mitigation for detached dwellings. The develop-
ment of appropriate and cost effective radon mitigation
for a specific house is ultimately tied to the degree to
which the authors understand the source of the indoor
radon problem, how house characteristics affect radon
entry rates, and how candidate mitigation systems in-
fluence radon entry processes. Diagnostic measure-
ments and procedures allow for qualitative and quanti-
tative assessments of water, materials, and soil as
sources of radon and the assessment of soil-gas-
borne radon flow potentials related to indoor/outdoor
differential pressure driving forces and soil-air perme-
ability. The discussed diagnostics are being developed
and tested as part of an intensive State and Federal
government study of radon entry and mitigation proc-
esses in 14 Piedmont New Jersey houses.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Radioactive contaminants, "Res-
idential buildings, Sampling, Sources, Ventilation, Di-
agnosis, "Indoor air pollution. Radiation monitoring.
PB87-199170/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Aspects of Liquid and Vapor Flow in Retorted Oil
Shale.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
G. O. Brown, and D. B. McWhorter. Jun 87,15p EPA/
600/D-87/185
Grant EPA-R-812225
Presented at 1986 Eastern Oil Shale Symposium, Lex-
ington, Kentucky, November 19-21, 1986. Prepared in
cooperation with Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins.
Dept. of Agricultural and Chemical Engineering.
The paper describes a new analytical solution for com-
bined liquid and vapor flow with solute transport, in an
attempt to ensure proper interpretation of experimen-
tal data. The solution shows that the relative magni-
tude of the separate transport coefficients produces
many of the flow features seen in experimental data,
and significant liquid transport can occur in regions
without apparent solute transport. This development is
new and represents a significant addition to under-
standing solute transport. As such, its methods and re-
sults can be applied to other problems in multiple-
phase transport and to materials such as high volume
mining wastes and some hazardous waste disposal
sites. The paper shows that an earlier analysis by the
authors, that a critical water content exists in retorted
oil shale below which solute transport ceases, is un-
justified.
Keywords: "Oil shale, "Fluid flow, Waste disposal,
Retort furnaces, Mining, Toxicity, Transport properties,
Wastes, Meetings, Reprints, Pollution control, Station-
ary sources.
PB87-199188/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Chemically Induced Cataracts in the Fetus and
Neonate,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J M. Rogers, and N. Chernoff. Jun 87, 36p EPA/600/
D-87/189
There are large numbers of chemicals and drugs which
are known to be cataractogenic. Many of these chemi-
cals specifically affect the very young lens, while adult
lenses are much less affected or refractory to these
chemicals. In this review chapter we discuss those
chemicals which are specific in their effect on young
lenses, and point out possible mechanisms for the se-
lectivity of these effects.
Keywords: "Cataracts, "Embryos, "Toxicity, Drugs,
Chemicals. "Eye(Anatomy), Lenses, Neonata dis-
eases and abnormalities, Cataracts(Chemically in-
duced).
PB87-199550/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
ROD (Record of Decision) Annual Report, FY
1986.
Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., Bethesda, MD.
Jan 87,185p
Contract EPA-68-01-7376
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.
The FY86 ROD Annual Report is designed to provide
the Regions and Headquarters with summary data on
FY86 RODs, and consists of the following sections: In-
troduction - highlights specific accomplishments in the
ROD process. ROD Summaries - describes site condi-
tions and key contaminants, selected remedial ac-
tions, specific remedy performance standards and
goals, and institutional controls for each FY86 ROD.
FY86 ROD Summary Table - summarizes all remedial
actions, capital and operation and maintenance costs,
contaminated media, and operable unit. Index of Ap-
proved Remedial Actions - summarizes selected reme-
dial actions and future operable units for FY82-85
RODs and Enforcement Decision Documents (EDDs).
ROD keyword list - provides major key word categories
and their subcategories for all RODs approved to date.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, Decontamination, Stabili-
zation, Waste treatment, Contaminants, "ROD reports,
"Record of Decision, "Superfund, "Remedial action,
"Pollution control.
D. E. Ryan, and R. Smolenski. Jun 87, 94p EPA/600/
7-87/016
Contract EPA-68-02-4238
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of a study to evaluate the
technical and economic impact of designing wall-fired
pulverized-coal units to incorporate dry-sorbent sulfur
control technology (LIMB). Conventional (non-LIMB)
units were set up in three sizes (200, 400, and 600
MW) to burn a low-sulfur (0.48%) subbituminous fuel.
LIMB units were then set up to achieve 70% SOx re-
moval using dry sorbent injection. Standard cost esti-
mating procedures were used to evaluate the cost dif-
ferentials between the conventional and LIMB units.
These cost data were used to establish removal cost
trends as a function of calcium-to-sulfur (Ca/S) mole
ratios and boiler size. The study concluded that it is
technically feasible to achieve 70% sulfur removal in a
unit burning low-sulfur fuel using only dry sorbent injec-
tion. The results also showed that Ca/S ratios be-
tween 2.8 and 3.5 can be accommodated without radi-
cal alterations to state-of-the-art boiler configurations.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Emissions, 'Sulfur
oxides, "Nitrogen oxides, 'Boilers, Economic impact.
Cost analysis, Pulverized fuels, Combustion, Sorbents,
*LIMB(Limestone Injection Multistage Burner).
PB87-199592/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Impact of Pesticides on Ground Water Contami-
nation,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
R. F. Carsel, and C. N. Smith. 1987,15p EPA/600/D-
87/195
Pub. in Silent Spring Revisited, p71 -83 1987.
An overview is presented of pesticide use and ground
water contamination since the publication of 'Silent
Spring.' Progress in evaluation of this environmental
problem is described, and some potential future issues
are outlined.
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Ground water, 'Water pollu-
tion, Hazardous materials, Leaching, Environmental
protection, Technology innovation, Reprints.
PB87-199626/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Potential Emissions of Hazardous Organic Com-
pounds from Sewage Sludge Incineration,
Dayton Univ., OH. Research Inst.
S. L. Mazer, P. H. Taylor, and B. Dellinger. Jun 87,
146p EPA/600/2-87/046
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Laboratory thermal decomposition studies were under-
taken to evaluate potential organic emissions from
sewage sludge incinerators. Precisely controlled ther-
mal decomposition experiments were conducted on
sludge spiked with mixtures of hazardous organic com-
pounds, on the mixtures of pure compounds in ab-
sence of sludge, and on unspiked sludge. These ex-
periments were conducted using laboratory flow-reac-
tor systems interfaced with a gas chromatograph or
gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer for product
analysis. Issues which were addressed included the
effect of the sludge matrix on the thermal decomposi-
tion behavior of the hazardous sludge contaminants;
potential emissions from incineration of contaminated
and uncontaminated sludge: the relative contributions
of the biomass and the contaminants to mass emis-
sions in sewage sludge incineration: potential emis-
sions due to volatilization of organics from sludge in
the drying zones of multiple hearth incinerators.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Sewage treatment, Ex-
haust emissions, Organic compounds, "Incinerators,
Hazardous materials, Pyrolysis, Gas chromatography,
Mass spectroscopy, "Air Pollution, Tests.
PB87-199634/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Boiler Design Modifications for En-
hanced Limb Application. Final rept. Sep 85-Jul 86,
Babcock and Wilcox Co., Barberton, OH.
PB87-199642/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Formation of Transient Puffs from Contained
Liquid Wastes In a Rotary Kiln Simulator,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
W. P. Linak, J. A. McSorley, J. O. L. Wendt, and J. E.
Dunn. Jun 87, 38p EPA/600/D-87/196
Prepared in cooperation with Arizona Univ., Tucson,
and Arkansas Univ., Fayetteville.
The paper gives results of a study of the generation of
transient puffs resulting from the batch incineration of
liquid waste into a 73 kw rotary kiln incinerator simula-
tor. Liquid wastes investigated included toluene, meth-
ylene chloride, carbon tetrachloride, and No. 5 fuel oil.
Transient puffs from these wastes were monitored
using on-line measurements for FID measurable hy-
drocarbons, carbon monoxide, and integrated particu-
late filter loadings, although the suitability of any one of
these indicators depended on the chemical nature of
the waste involved. Study results show that puffs
formed during transient conditions are generated
easily, even with small quantities of wastes and with
the kiln operating at 100% excess air.
Keywords: "Pollution, 'Waste disposal, 'Incinerators,
Toxicity, Kilns, Hydrocarbons, Toluene, Chlormeth-
anes, Carbon monoxide, Environmental tests, Hazard-
ous materials, Dust, T ransient puffs.
PB87-199659/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Determination of OH Rate Constants for Six Vola-
tile Organics In Air Using the UCR (University of
California-Riverside) Protocol,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
R. R. Arnts, R. L. Seila, and J. J. Bufalini. Jun 87,19p
EPA/6OO/D-07/197
An important mechanism of chemical transformation
of organic pollutants in the atmosphere is through oxi-
dation by OH radicals. A relatively simple laboratory
procedure for determining the OH rate constants in air
was developed. To determine the rate, a teflon bag is
filled with 10-15 ppm of methyl nitrite. 5 ppm of nitric
oxide, 2 ppm of test compound, and 2 ppm of an or-
ganic which has an accurately known OH rate con-
stant. The mixture is irradiated with blacklamps and
the concentrations of the reference and test organic
are measured over a 45-minute period. Results are de-
tailed in the report.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Organic compounds, Acety-
lene, Carbon disulfide, Nitrobenzenes, Chemical reac-
tions, Oxidation, Tables(Data), "Volatile organic com-
pounds, Ethylene dichloride, Ethylene dibromide n-
dichlorobenzene, Hydroxyl.	' M"
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-199667/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Analyses of PEM-2 (Pollution Episodic Model Ver-
sion 2) Model Evaluation Results for Short-Term
Urban Particulate Matter,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. M. Godowitch. Jun 87, 53p EPA/600/3-87/022
The Pollution Episodic Model Version 2 (PEM-2), an
urban dispersion model, has been evaluated with
measurements from the 1982 Philadelphia Aerosol
Field Study data base in order to investigate its ability
to model 12-hour average concentrations of particu-
late matter less than 10 micrometers (PM sub 10). Re-
gional PM sub 10 background was derived from the
measured concentration at an upwind site selected as
the background monitor with the modeled PM sub 10
concentrations subtracted because all sites were in
the emissions region. About 70% of the measured PM
sub 10 at most monitoring sites was contributed by re-
gional background. Model performance was deter-
mined from statistical measures of difference and cor-
relation between observed and modeled concentra-
tions paired in time and location. Statistical results
were better for modeled plus background values
versus observed concentrations. Mean and high-five
PM sub 10 concentrations from the PEM-2 model were
about 25% lower than RAM predictions at lour sites
within the city limits, and 35-40% lower at the two most
distant sites from the urban center.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric models, Dispersing, 'Urban
areas, 'Air pollution, Aerosols, Emission, Environmen-
tal monitoring. Particulates, PEM-2(Pollution Episodic
Model Version 2), Gaussian plume models.
PB87-199675/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Production of Mutagenic Compounds as a Result
of Urban Photochemistry. Interim rept. Jul 83-Feb
87,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
P. B. Shepson, T. E. Kleindienst, and E. O. Edney. Jun
87, 86p EPA/600/3-87/020
Contract EPA-68-02-4443
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
A series of atmospheric simulation experiments was
conducted to examine the role of urban photochemical
processes on the formation and removal of potentially
hazardous air pollutants. The chemicals examined in-
cluded ubiquitous urban pollutants (e.g., propylene, tol-
uene and acetaldehyde), a potentially hazardous
chlorinated solvent (allyl chloride), and complex mix-
tures (wood smoke and auto exhaust) from common
urban pollutant sources. In all cases, the irradiated
products were more mutagenic than the original
chemicals.
Keywords: 'Photochemical reactions, 'Air pollution,
"Urban areas, Mutagens, Irradiation, Contaminants,
Propylene, Toluene, Acetaldehyde, Allyl chloride, Ex-
haust emissions, Smoke, Test chambers.
PB87-199683/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Estimating Inaccessible Source Strengths Using
Tracer Techniques: A Sensitivity Analysis. Final
rept.,
Aerocomp, Inc., Costa Mesa, CA.
J A. Catalano. Jun 87, 51p EPA/600/3-87/023
Contract EPA-68-02-4151
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
Estimation of the strength of inaccessible sources of
effluent is a difficult problem. A method using a line
source of tracer material emitted along the outer
boundary of the area source has been proposed in the
literature. The present work uses model calculations to
analyze the sensitivity of that method to several fac-
tors. The most important of these factors are atmos-
pheric stability, wind direction, and horizontal separa-
tion and height differences between the tracer and the
effluent sources.
Keywords: 'Effluents, Sensitivity, Models. 'Disper-
sions, Wind direction, Hydrocarbons, 'Tracer studies.
PB87-200176/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Health Advisories for 16 Pesticides (Including
Alachlor, Aldlcarb, Carbofuran, Chlordane, DBCP,
1,2-dichloropropane, 2,4-D, Endrin, Ethylene Dl-
bromide, Heptachlor/Heptachlor epoxide, Lin-
dane, Methoxychlor, Oxamyl, Pentachlorophenol,
Toxaphene and 2,4,5-TP).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Mar 87,264p"
See also report dated 30 Sep 85, PB96-118338.
These documents summarize the health effects of 16
pesticides including: alachlor, aldicarb, carbofuran,
chlordane, DBCP, 1,2-dichloropropane, 2,4-D, endrin,
ethylene, dibromide, heptachlor/heptachlor epoxide,
lindane, methoxychlor, oxamyl, pentachloro-henol,
toxaphene and 2,4,5-TP. Topics discussed include:
General Information and Properties, Pharmacokine-
tics, Health Effects in Humans and Animals, Quantifi-
cation of Toxicological Effects, Other Criteria Guid-
ance and Standards, Analytical Methods and Treat-
ment Technologies.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Potable water, 'Toxicology,
Criteria, Standards, Analytical methods, Insecticides,
'Drinking water, Pharmacokinetics, Toxic substances,
'Water pollution effects, 'Environmental health.
PB87-200259/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Review of the National Ambient Air Quality Stand-
ards for Sulfur Oxides: Updated Assessment of
Scientific and Technical Information Addendum
to the 1982 OAQPS (Office of Air Quality Planning
and Standards) Staff Paper. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Strategies and Air Standards Div.
Dec 86, 91p EPA/450/5-86/13
See also report dated Nov 82, RB84-102920.
The paper evaluates and interprets the updated scien-
tific and technical information that EPA staff believes is
most relevant to the review of primary (health) national
ambient air quality standards for sulfur oxides and rep-
resents an update of previous staff conclusions and
recommendations in the 1982 sulfur oxides staff paper
to incorporate more recent information. The assess-
ment is intended to bridge the gap between the scien-
tific review in the EPA criteria document second ad-
dendum for particulate matter and sulfur oxides and
the judgements required of the Administrator in setting
ambient air quality standards for sulfur oxides. The
major recommendations of the staff paper addendum
include the following: (1) that the health data support
the need for sulfur dioxide (S02) standards; (2) that
new data from controlled human exposure studies on
asthmatics and atopics warrant consideration of a new
short-term (1-hour) standard; (3) that the current pri-
mary and secondary standards (annual, 24-hour, and
3-hour) provide substantial protection against effects
associated with 24-hour and annual exposures, and
some limit on peak exposures of concern for asthma-
tics; (4) that the relative protection afforded by current
vs. alternative standards is an important consideration
in determining, what, if any, standards revisions may
be necessary.
Keywords: 'Sulfur oxides, "Air pollution, 'Standards,
Reviews, Particles, Technology, 'National ambient air
quality standards, 'Air quality.
PB87-20027S/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Toxicity of 3400 Chemicals to Fish (Part 1). Toxici-
ty of 1085 Chemicals to Fish (Part 2),
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
E. M. Wood, E. H. Hollis, and R. E. Lennon. Aug 87,
277p* EPA/560/6-87/002
Prepared in cooperation with Fish and Wildlife Service,
Washington, DC.
The document, containing data on the toxicity of
chemicals to fish, is in two parts. Part 1 consists of a
1953 study by E M. Wood, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv-
ice, Kearneysvilie, West Virginia. Data are compiled on
over 3400 Chemicals (mostly organic compounds)
which were tested using trout, bluegill, yellow perch,
and goldfish, at a 5 mg/L screening concentration.
Those compounds producing toxicity at 5 mg/L were
tested further at lower concentrations. Part 2 contains
data developed during a 1954 study by E.H. Hollis and
R.E. Lennon at the Kearneysvilie laboratory using the
same fish toxicity screening test protocols. Parts 1 and
2 are published here for the first time. These docu-
ments were prepared at the National Fisheries Re-
search Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Labora-
tory, La Crosse, Wisconsin, from original records. A
preface has been prepared by R.L. Lipnick, Office of
Toxic substances, EPA, reviewing the use of these
data in the development of structure-activity relation-
ships and quantitative structure-activity relationships.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Water pollution,
"Toxicity, "Chemical compounds, Fishes, "Water pol-
lution effects(Animals).
PB87-200556/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Support Document for the EPA (Environmental
Protection Agency) Designation of the Cross
Valley Aquifer as a Sole Source Aquifer (Revised).
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Apr 87,16p
On July 29, 1982, the Cross Valley Water Association,
Inc. and the Mount Forest Protection Association sub-
mitted a petition requesting the EPA Administrator
designate the Cross Valley Aquifer as a sole source of
drinking water for the area. The Cross Valley Aquifer is
located in southern Snohomish County and northern
King County within the State of Washington. The 36
square mile area is located northeast of Seattle, Wash-
ington in and around the town of Clearview, Washing-
ton. Approximately 11,400 persons are served by the
aquifer. The water use from the aquifer was approxi-
mately 60.6 million cubic feet in 1986. This is 77.6 per-
cent of the total water use in the designated sole
source aquifer. The water bearing geologic unit is gla-
cial outwash termed the Esperance Sand according to
the US Geological Survey nomenclature. Depth to the
Esperance Sand unit averages about 200 feet, which
is below the glacial till mantle. Water quality tends to
be satisfactory.
Keywords: "Regulations, "Government policies, Na-
tional government, "Water quality, "Aquifers.
PB87-201034/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Remedial Action at Waste Disposal Sites: Hand-
book (Revised).
Science Applications International Corp., McLean, VA.
Oct 85,681 p* EPA/625/6-85/006
Contract EPA-68-03-3113
See also report dated Jun 85, PB85-238616. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati,
OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
The handbook is intended for use as a basic reference
tool on remedial action. It will assist governmental and
industrial officials and technical persons in under-
standing remedial technologies; selecting potentially
applicable technologies for a given waste site, and
planning for remedial action.
Keywords: "Handbooks. "Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Sites. Sampling, Water pollution con-
trol, "Superfund program, "National contingency plan,
'Land disposal, "Remedial actions, Occupational
safety and health.
PB87-201356/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Specific Absorption Rate Distributions In a Heter-
ogeneous Model of the Human Body at Radiofre-
Suencies,
ttawa Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Electrical Engineering.
S. S. Stuchly. Jun 87,102p EPA/600/1-87/003
Grant EPA-R-812156
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The electric field distribution of the rate of energy ab-
sorption referred to as the specific absorption rate
(SAR) in a biological body is a complex function of sev-
eral exposure parameters such as frequency, intensity
of the incident field, polarization, source to object con-
figuration (near-field vs. far-field) and the body charac-
teristics such as size, shape, and dielectric properties.
An experimental approach was employed to determine
SAR patterns in a full scale heterogeneous model of
man exposed to radiofrequency fields at 160,350, and
914 MHz in the far and near fields for two polarizations.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The model had an anatomically correct shape and
contained a skull, spinal cord, rib cage, and all major
bones (except those in the teet and hands), brains,
lungs, and muscle tissue. The square of the electric
field inside the model was measured by a small diame-
ter electric field probe. Data acquisition, exposure con-
ditions, and data processing were under computer
control. Specific circuitry including an optical link was
used to interface the electric field probe with the com-
puter. Extensive data were obtained, analyzed, and
compared with the data for a homogeneous model.
Keywords: "Energy absorption, "Humans, 'Anatomi-
cal models, 'Radio frequencies, Exposure, 'Electric
fields, Dosimetry, Far field, Electromagnetic radiation,
Hetrogeneous models, 'Specific absorption rate,
Tissue-equivalent materials.
PB87-201364/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Phase 1 Testing of Toyota Lean Combustion
System (Methanol). Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology and Applications Branch.
G. K. Piotrowski, and J. D. Murrell. Jan 87,27p EPA/
AA/CTAB-87/02
The Toyota lean combustion system methanol is a
lean burn methanol combustion system designed to
maximize fuel economy and driving performance while
minimizing pollutant emissions. Testing at the EPA
Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory indicates that this
system allows relatively low emissions of regulated
pollutants and aldehydes when operated on either
M100 or M85 methanol fuel under transient driving and
evaporative emissions test conditions. Total vehicle
hydrocarbon emissions appear lower when the vehicle
is operated on M100 rather than M85 fuel. Fuel econo-
my is slightly improved when the system is operated on
M85 rather than M100 fuel.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, Fuel consumption,
Combustion efficiency, Performance, Carbinols, Tests,
Air pollution control, *TLCS(Toyota Lean Combustion
System), 'Fuel economy, Lean fuel mixtures, Emission
tests, Fuel injection.
PB87-201372/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Acid Deposition, Environmental Monitoring,
and Quality Assurance.
Analytical Aspects of Ozone Treatment of Water
and Wastewater - A Monograph. Final rept.,
International Ozone Association, Norwalk, CT.
R. G. Rice, L. J. Bollyky, and W, J. Lacy. Jun 87,438p*
EPA/600/4-87/018
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Acid Deposition, Environ-
mental Monitoring, and Quality Assurance.
With the ever-increasing interest in the application of
ozone for water and wastewater treatment, several
major questions arise in the minds of those new to the
field: (1) What is the nature of ozone. (2) How is ozone
applied in water and wastewater treatment. (3) How is
ozone apalzed in its various applications. How are the
generation of ozone and ozonation reactions con-
trolled analytically. How are ozonation processes auto-
mated. Because ozone is a gas at normal tempera-
tures and pressures, because it is only partially soluble
in aqueous media, and because it decomposes in
aqueous media at significant rates (i.e., with a half-life
usually of less than one hour), analyses for ozone and
control ozone generation and ozonation reactions are
unique to this advancing technology.
Keywords: "Ozone, 'Water treatment. "Sewage treat-
ment, Ozonization, Chemical analysis, Automatic con-
trol, Oxidation reduction reaction. Temperature, De-
composition reactions, Pressure, Measurement, Resi-
dues Chlorine oxides, Gases, Half life, Solubility, Air,
Dosage Photometers, Ultraviolet spectroscopy.
PB87-201422/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park NC Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Application of the Urban Airshed Model to the
New York Metropolitan Area,
New York State Dept. of Environmental Conservation,
STRao. May 87,228p EPA/450/4-87/0111
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
840 Vol. 90, No. 24
Ambient ozone concentrations in the New York Metro-
politan area, encompassing portions of the States of
New Jersey, New York, and Connecticut, often ex-
ceeded the ozone National Ambient Air Quality Stand-
ard (NAAQS) of 0.12 ppm during the 1980 ozone
season. To address this problem a study, entitled 'Oxi-
dant Modeling for the New York Metropolitan Area
Project (OMNYMAP)' has been undertaken to provide
information on the extent and magnitude of the ozone
problem in the New York Metropolitan area during the
1988 ozone season; the impact/benefit achieved with
imposition of specific control strategies to which the
three states committed themselves in their State Im-
plementation Plans; the role of pollutant transport from
the upwind regions into the modeling domain; mean-
ingful and effective control strategies to meet and
maintain ozone NAAQS in the New York Metropolitan
area.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Urban areas, "Air pollution,
Models, Exhaust emissions, Oxidizers, Metropolitan
areas, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, National
Ambient Air Quality Standards.
PB87-201455/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Toxic Screening Models for Drinking Water Utility
Management,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
J. A. Goodrich, R. M. Clark, and W. M. Grayman. Jun
87,34p* EPA/600/D-87/204
The 1986 Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act
begin a new period of water quality management for
water utilities. Of particular concern to water utilities
depending upon surface sources are amendments
that regulate more contaminants, define treatment
techniques for each contaminant regulated, and re-
quire filtration and chlorination of surface supplies with
few exceptions. As the National Primary Drinking
Water Regulations and their allowable associated
Maximum Contaminant Levels decrease, drinking
water utilities will be under pressure to install new
treatment techniques. In order to prevent a constant
'crisis' situation and to implement treatment plant
design decisions, knowledge of the type and concen-
tration of pollutants that can be reasonably expected
to occur in each specific area is necessary.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Toxicity, "Mathematical
models, "Water treatment, Water supply, Industrial
wastes, Sewage, Water quality, Runoff, Public health,
Risk, Chemical analysis, "Toxic screening models.
PB87-20150S/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Laboratory Analyses of Corona Discharges. Jour-
nal article Aug 84-Jun 86,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
P. Vann Bush, and T. R. Snyder. c1987,19p EPA/600/
J-87/045
Pub. in Jnl. of Electrostatics, v19 n1 p83-99 Jan 87.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper discusses an experimental research pro-
gram to characterize corona generation from different
electrode geometries in a range of conditions compa-
rable to those found in electrostatic precipitators
(ESPs). A wire-parallel plate device and a wire-cylinder
device were used to monitor the spatial distribution
and temporal stability of corona discharges. Corona
phenomena were observed with a sensitive video
camera. Conditions that were varied in the experi-
ments included temperature, corona electrode design,
corona polarity, and method of energization. Measure-
ments of the distributions of corona current and statis-
tical analyses permit an assessment of the impact of
corona electrode design on ESP performance. The
laboratory apparatus is described, and the experimen-
tal results are summarized. (Copyright (c) Journal of
Electrostatics, 19 (1987) 83-99.)
Keywords: "Electric corona, "Experimentation, "Elec-
trostatic precipitators, Pollution, Statistical analysis,
Reprints, Stationary pollutant sources.
PB87-201513/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Research Overview: Sources of Indoor Air Pollut-
ants,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab
W G. Tucker. Jun 87,14p* EPA/600/D-87/207
The paper briefly traces the history of air quality prob-
lems in residential, office, and public access buildings
to show the evolution of indoor air quality (IAQ) con-
cerns. It then briefly discusses sources of IAQ prob-
lems-both known and suspected-then reviews the
current state of knowledge of emissions from these
sources. It summarizes recent and current research in
federal and private-sector organizations. Combustion
sources, material source (e.g., building materials and
consumer products), activity sources (e.g., cleaning,
maintenance, and cooking), and outside sources (e.g.j
outdoor air, soil gas, and contaminated groundwater)
are used as categories to describe the complex prob-
lems being researched. The paper concludes with sug-
gestions to building design, construction, and manage-
ment professionals regarding prudent steps that can
be taken to reduce potential IAQ problems from
sources of greatest potential concern in today's resi-
dential, office, and public access buildings.
Keywords: "Buildings, Calculation methods, Emission,
Ventilation systems, Residential buildings, Office build-
ings, Stationary sources, "Indoor air pollution, "Air pol-
lution control, Air quality, Pollutants, Contaminants.
PB87-201521/HSU	PC A05/MF AOI
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
Processes Affecting Subsurface Transport of
Leaking Underground Storage Tank Fluids,
Nevada Univ. System, Las Vegas. Water Resources
Center.
S. W. Tyler, M. R. Whitbeck, M. W. Kirk, J. W. Hess,
and L. G. Everett. Jun 87,87p EPA/600/6-B7/005
Prepared in cooperation with Kaman Tempo, Santa"
Barbara, CA„ and Arizona State Univ., Tempe. Dept. of
Civil Engineering. Sponsored by Environmental Moni-
toring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The document focuses solely on the process affecting
migration of fluids from a leaking tank and their effects
on monitoring methodologies. Based upon the reviews
presented, soil heterogeneities and the potential for
multiphase flow will lead to high monitoring uncerttfn-*
ties if leak detection systems rely on liquid sampNm
alone. Vapor transport is also affected by these prop-
erties although to a lesser degree. More research is
needed, however, to better understand the physics ot
vapor transport. Vapor transport of contaminants to
the monitoring sensors will also be strongly affected by
the volatility of the fluid. Difficulties in detection and
monitoring systems may also be generated from fluid
interactions with the soil and microbes. The processes
of adsorption, partitioning, and microbial alteration of
fluids in the subsurface may have strong effects on the
uncertainty of monitoring systems. These fate proc-
esses have received less attention than liquid and
vapor transport processes and will require significantly
more research before their effects are fully under-
stood.
Keywords: "Underground storage, 'Storage tanks,,
"Leakage, 'Water pollution, Hydrocarbons* Motion,
Ground water, Soils, Monitors, 'Subsurface drainaoe
Path of pollutants.	.
PB87-201893/HSU	PC A02/MF AOI
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 128: Lactofen.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Pesticide Programs.
18 Mar 87, 9p EPA/540/FS-87/193
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tlon, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of ttwi
following actions has occurred. Issuance or reissuance
of a registration standard, issuance of each special
review document, registration of a significantly
changed use pattern, registration of a new chemical
or an immediate need for information to resolve corw
troversial issues relating to a specific chemical or use
pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Herbicides, Diphenyl ethers
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tions. Toxicology, Ecology, Agricultural products, CAS
77501-63-4, "Lactofen, Cobra, Chemical information
fact sheet, Path of pollutants.
PB87-20193S/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Trifluralin as the Active in-
redient.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Apr 87, 274p* EPA/540/RS-87/195
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Registration, Standards,
Guidelines, Manufacturing, Chemistry, Toxicology,
Residues, Ecology, Hazardous materials, "Toxic sub-
stances, Path of pollutants, 'Trifluralin.	*
PB87-201950/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Office of Mobile Sources.
Application of Electronic Fuel Injection to the Op-
timum Engine for Methanol Utilization. Final rept.
Ricardo Consulting Engineers Ltd.j Shoreham-by-Sea
(England).
May 87, 323p EPA/460/3-86/002
Contract EPA-68-03-1968
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor,
Ml. Office of Mobile Sources.
The report details the work engineers did in the appli-
cation of electronic sequential fuel injection to the opti-
mum engine for methanol utilization. The program was
based on a production 1.5 litre Volkswagen gasoline
engine, the combustion system of which was convert-
ed to HRCC (high ration compact chamber) with a
compression ratio of 13.1. The engine had been devel-
oped to run on methanol fuel using a carburetor and
mechanically controlled ignition and ERG system prior
to the program.
Keywords: 'Carbinols, 'Automotive fuels, 'Motor vehi-
cles. Gasoline engines, Combustion chambers, Com-
pression ratio. Performance evaluation,
Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data), 'Foreign technology,
Methanols, Engine modifications, Fuel injection.
PB87-201984/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Pesticide Poisonings Reported by Florida Citrus
Fieldworkers. Journal article,
Miami Univ., FL. School of Medicine.
J. Griffith, R. C. Duncan, and J. Konefal. 1985,29p
EPA/600/J-85/491
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Science Health B20(6),
p701-727 1985, Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
In a 1981 survey of 1811 Florida citrus fieldworkers, 25
pesticide related poisoning incidents involving 29 field-
workers were reported. Suspected poisonings were
categorized into possible and confirmed poisonings,
and from these reports it was possible to project an es-
timated 438 possible poisonings, and 73 confirmed
poisonings were developed into an incidence rate of
34 poisonings per 10,000 permanent and semi-perma-
nent fieldworkers. The number of possible and con-
firmed poisonings, for all fieldworkers, was then devel-
oped into an incidence rate of 160 poisonings per
10,000 fieldworkers.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxic diseases, 'Occupation-
al diseases, Exposure, Industrial hygiene, Hazardous
materials, Florida, Citrus trees, Statistical data, Farm
crops, Occupational safety and health.
PB87-201992/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Cost and Performance of GAC (Granular Activat-
ed Carbon) for Trihalomethane Control,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
B. W. Lykins, R. M. Clark, and J. Q. Adams. Jun 87, 36p
EPA/600/D-87/201
Lower trihalomethane (THM) standards may force
many drinking water utilities to change disinfectants or
consider using various treatment technologies ranging
from conventional treatment to granular activated
carbon (GAC) adsorption. Extensive performance and
cost data have been collected during GAC field-scale
research by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agen-
cy's (USEPA) Drinking Water Research Division. GAC
has been shown to be a possible treatment alternative
for meeting somewhat lower THM concentrations.
However, GAC will not be effective for all situations.
The cost of GAC treatment varied for each location
evaluated with about 15 cents/1,000 gal being the
lower value. One would have to evaluate this cost with
other treatment alternatives for controlling THMs,
taking into account disinfection byproducts other than
THMs and any other detrimental effects.
Keywords: "Activated carbon treatment, 'Potable
water. Costs, Performance evaluation. Water treat-
ment, Regulations, Disinfection, Tables(Data), 'Triha-
lomethane.
PB87-202008/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Overview of Available Treatment Techniques for
Removing Organics from Drinking Water: Cost
and Performance Evaluation.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. M. Clark, and C. A. Frank. Jun 87,18p EPA/600/D-
87/203
Recent amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act
have accelerated the requirements for development of
Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) and increased
the number of contaminants that will be regulated.
Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) has been identified
as the baseline technology against which all other
technologies must be compared for the removal of
synthetic organic chemicals (SOCs). The Drinking
Water Research Division of EPA is examining a
number of technologies to compare against GAC. Both
cost and performance analysis is being made. Aer-
ation is cost effective for most volatile compounds and
ozonation is promising. Reverse osmosis is still under
study.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Organic compounds,
Contaminants, Cost analysis, Performance evaluation,
Activated carbon treatment, Chemical removal(Water
treatment), Potable water, Aeration, Ozonization, Safe
Drinking Water Act.
PB87-202040/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance for Implementing the RCRA Dloxln List-
ing Rule.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Aug 85,102p
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The document is the production of the U.S. EPA's
Dioxin Work Group which was assigned the responsi-
bility of developing implementation guidance for the
RCRA/CERCLA response to the final dioxin listing
rule. The objective of the plan is lo supply the Regions,
authorized States, and Headquarters with guidance on
implementing the RCRA listing of wastes containing
particular chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (CDDs) and
chlorinated dibenzofurans (CDFs).
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Hazardous materials,
'Solid waste disposal, Soil analysis. Fly ash, Sludge
disposal, 'Dioxin(Herbicides), 'Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act.
PB87-202156/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Enhanced Stream Water Quality Models QUAL2E
and QUAL2E-UNCAS: Documentation and User
Manual.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
L. C. Brown, and T. O. Barnwell. May 87, 201 p EPA-
600/3-87/007
See also PB86-201126. Prepared in cooperation with
Tufts Univ., Medford, MA. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
The manual is a major revision of the original QUAL2E
program documentation released in 1985. It includes a
description of the recent modifications and improve-
ments to the widely used water quality models QUAL-II
and QUAL2E. The enhancements include an exten-
sive capability for uncertainty analysis with the
QUAL2E-UNCAS model, an option for reach-variable
climatology input for steady-state temperature simula-
tion, and an option for plotting observed dissolved
oxygen data on the line printer plots of predicted dis-
solved oxygen concentrations. QUAL2E, which can be
operated either as a steady-state or as a dynamic
model, is intended for use as a water quality planning
tool. QUAL2E-UNCAS is an enhancement to QUAL2E
that allows the user to perform uncertainty analysis.
Keywords: 'Stream pollution, 'Water quality, Comput-
er applications, Manuals, Documentation, Models, Dis-
solved gases, Oxygen, Temperature, Uncertainty prin-
ciple, QUAL2E computer program, QUAL2E UNCAS
computer program.
PB87-202347/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Propham as the Active In-
redient.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Mar 87,117p* EPA/540/RS-87/192
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusion contained in the stand-
ard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Regulations, Man-
ufacturing, Chemistry, Toxicology, Residues, Ecology,
'Registration, Path of pollutants, 'Toxic substances,
PROPHAM, CAS 122-42-9.
PB87-202370/HSU	CP T02
Gastrointestinal Chemical Absorption Database
Supplement Tape, March 1987. Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC,
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
V. Halpin, and G. Pierpont. Apr 85,1p EPA/560/7-87/
004, EPA/DF/MT-87/030
See also PB86-146230.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products if you have questions.
The update brings the total coverage of the datafile to
4078 articles on the absorption, distribution, metabo-
lism, and excretion of approximately 3000 chemicals
for oral routes of administration in laboratory animals
or in man. Both quantitative and qualitative studies are
included. Extracted data fields include number of fig-
ures, CAS registry number, chemical name, chemical
type, chemical characteristics, study purpose, orga-
nism class, species name, strain, test duration, and
route/method. Articles were selected from a literature
search of Chemical Abstracts from 1967 - April 1985.
Keywords: 'Data file, "Gastrointestinal system,
"Absorption(Biology), Magnetic tapes, Digestive
system, Metabolism, Excretion, Tissues(Biology), Lab-
oratory animals, Humans, Distribution, CAS registry
numbers, 'Toxic substances.
PB87-202412/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas
NV.
Environmental Methods Testing Site: Users'
Guide,
Nevada Univ., Las Vegas.
C; K. Fitzsimmons. Jun 87,111p* EPA/600/7-87/023
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The Environmental Methods Testing Site (EMTS)
Project is being conducted by the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency with the cooperation of the state of
Georgia, the state of Tennessee, Hamilton County,
Tennessee, and the city of Chattanooga. The concept
is to establish one well-characterized site, designated
as the Chattanooga Metropolitan Statistical Area, at
which to conduct a series of studies designed to im-
prove environmental monitoring methods and meth-
ods for assessing human exposure to toxic substances
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
in the environment. The project, planned to span a 5-
to 15-year period, is being conducted in support of the
Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976. The Chattanoo-
ga area is well suited as a site to conduct human expo-
sure methodology studies. Site users have the support
of local government and of EMTS Project participants
who provide a management team, information gather-
ing services, computerized data management and
analysis, and quality assurance assistance. The Chat-
tanooga area provides a hospitable climate, a popula-
tion and geographical size allowing statistically valid
sampling of subpopulations, isolation from other cities,
a diverse industrial base, a large existing data base,
and modern technical and logistical support facilities.
Keywords: 'Toxic substances, Exposure, Data proc-
essing, Humans, "Environmental monitoring, Toxic
substances Control Act of 1976.
PB87-202420/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Hazardous Waste Incineration Permitting Study.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Aug 86, 68pOSWER DIRECTIVE-9488.00-6
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The document presents results of a study designed to
evaluate incinerator permitting priorities, determine
permitting timelines, identify issues influencing the in-
cinerator permitting process and alternatives for prob-
lem resolution, and provide an accurate accounting of
hazardous waste incineration facilities.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Incinerators, "Li-
censes, Performance, Processing, Problem solving,
Data analysis, The Hazardous and Solid Waste
Amendments of 1984, Waste management.
PB87-202446/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Acetaldehyde.
External Review Draft.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Apr 87, 216p EPA/600/8-86/015A
Acetaldehyde, a chemical intermediate in the synthe-
sis of several organic compounds, is rapidly and com-
pletely absorbed and is extensively metabolized to ac-
etate, carbon dioxide, and water in mammalian sys-
tems. It readily forms adducts with membranal and in-
tracellular macromolecules; such formation may be as-
sociated with its toxicity. Acute inhalation of acetalde-
hyde resulted in depressed respiratory rate and elevat-
ed blood pressure in experimental animals, Acetalde-
hyde vapors produced systemic effects and growth re-
tardation in the hamster in a chronic study. No LEL or
NOEL has been established. The primary acute effect
on humans is irritation of eyes, skin, and respiratory
tract. A population exposed to environmental sources
of acetaldehyde may be adding to a body burden of
this compound produced by normal metabolism and by
such habits as cigarette smoking and ethanol con-
sumption. No comparison of the relative magnitude of
exposure from these various Uources is possible with
the available data and, so, is not attempted in the doc-
ument.
Keywords: "Acetaldehyde, 'Environmental surveys,
'Hazardous materials, "Toxicology, Assessments,
Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Epidemiology,
Chemical properties, "Health risks, "Toxic substances,
'Occupational safety and health.
PB87-202891/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Reconciling Urban VOC/NOx (Volatile Organic
Compounds/NOx) Emission Inventories with Am-
bient Concentration Data,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park NC Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. K. S. Ching, J. H. Novak, K. L. Schere, and N. V.
Gillani. Jun 87, 20p EPA/600/D-87/199
Prepared in cooperation with Washington Univ., St.
Louis, MO. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering.
A review of the current state of emission inventories of
volatile organic compounds (VOC) and NOx data corn-
oiled for urban areas in the U.S. is presented. The
study reveals great differences in the gross emission
magnitudes when compared with corresponding ambi-
ent air concentration data. The VOC emissions data
are, in general, shown to be underestimated by factors
842 Vol. 90, No. 24
exceeding 3 or more for most cities. The aggregated
emission from urban areas is determined from meas-
urements of excess crosswind and vertically integrat-
ed pollutant concentration over background in the
urban plume just downwind of the emissions area.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Nitrogen oxides,
Urban areas, Air pollution, Sources, Plumes, Toxicity,
Atmospheric models, Inventories, Environmental sur-
veys, Concentration(Composition), "Volatile organic
compounds, "Air pollution sampling.
PB87-202909/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Relationship of Late Positive ERPs (Event-Related
Potentials), Age, Intelligence and Lead Absorp-
tion in Socioeconomlcally Disadvantaged Chil-
dren,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D. Otto, S. Baumann, G. Robinson, S. Schroeder, and
C. Barton. Jun 87,17p* EPA/600/D-87/206
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC., North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill. Dept. of Psychology, and Cincinnati Univ.,
OH.
Children from socioeconomically disadvantaged fami-
lies are at risk for malnutrition, learning disabilities, and
many other problems associated with poverty. Increas-
ing application of event-related potentials (ERP) meth-
ods has been made in studies of aberrant develop-
ment, although little systematic effort has been devot-
ed to assess the relationship of socioeconomic factors
and ERP measures. In the present study, late positive
ERPs, age, intelligence and other demographic varia-
bles were assessed in a group of 49 disadvantaged
children aged six to twelve years. The Stanford-Binet
full-scale was used to index child IQ and the Ammons
Quick Test was used for maternal IQ. Quality of the
home caregiving environment was evaluated during a
home visit using the Caldwell Home inventory. Socio-
economic status (SES) was measured with the Holling-
shead two-factor index. ERPs were recorded at Fz, Cz
and Pz during an auditory signal detection task. The
amplitude and latency of a late positive component
(LPC) peaking 300-600 msec after stimulus onset were
measured. The results indicated marked changes in
LPC latency during childhood, but only isolated rela-
tionships among LPC measures, child IQ and other de-
mographic variables. Whether or not ERPs provide
'culture free' measures of cognitive development is a
question that requires further study. LPC amplitude
also varied with increasing blood lead levels, observed
five years earlier, suggesting a possible association of
attention-deficit disorder and lead absorption in early
childhood.
Keywords: "Children, "Information processing, Elec-
trophysiology, Intelligence tests. Socioeconomic fac-
tors, "Disadvantaged groups, "ERP (Event Related
Potentials).
PB87-202917/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Controlling Arsenic and Other Contaminants by
Point-of-Use Treatment,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
K. R. Fox, andT. J. Sorg, Jun 87,16p* EPA/600/D-
87/133
Arsenic and other inorganic contaminants are being
found in many small community and individual water
supplies. One possible treatment solution for the inor-
ganic contaminants that could be used in both the indi-
vidual home water systems and small communities is
point-of-use treatment. Point-of-use (POU) treatment
units consisting of ion exchange, activated alumina
and reverse osmosis have been evaluated by the U.S.
EPA and each system has been found to be effective
under certain operating conditions. Data from various
field projects where point-of-use treatment devices
have been used will be presented along with laborato-
ry work on specific contaminant removal.
Keywords: "Arsenic, "Water pollution control, Con-
taminants, Point of use treatment.
PB87-20292S/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Cost and Performance Evaluation for Full Scale,
Single Solute Control of Synthetic Organic Chemi-
cals by Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
J. Q. Adams, R. M. Clark, and R. J. Miltner. Jun 87. 29p
EPA/600/D-87/205
The Drinking Water Research Division of the U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency has responsibility for ob-
taining data on the performance and cost of granular
activated carbon (GAC) systems for controlling select-
ed synthetic organic chemicals (SOCs). An approach
is presented that utilizes a combination of predictive
modeling and microcolumn studies to generate sinale-
solute breakthrough curves for several SOCs ana to
determine full-scale GAC use rates. Based on break-
through and economic data, cost estimates have been
developed for GAC treatment at various system sizes
and use rates.
Keywords: "Activated carbon treatment, Performance,
Cost estimates, Chemical removal(Water treatment),
Models, Economic analysis. Water treatment,
Tables(Data), *SOC(Synthetic Organic Chemicals).
PB87-203055/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Dose-Response Functions for Effects of Acidic
Precipitation on Vegetation. Journal article,
Boyce Thompson Inst, for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY.
J. S. Jacobson, and J. J. Troiano. c1983, 8p EPA/600/
J-83/362
Pub. in Water Quality Bulletin 8(2) p67-71, 109 1983.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab ,
OR.
Contamination of the atmosphere by gaseous, liquid,
and solid components generated by anthropogenic
emissions has been known for more than a century.
Some of these pollutants, namely ozone (03) and
sulfur dioxide (S02), are known to affect the growth,
development, and yield of crops. The purpose of the
article is to describe some aspects of the phytotoxicity
of acidic precipitation and to propose some improve-
ments in experimental approaches in order to develop
accurate dose-response functions,
Keywords: "Acidification, 'Ozone, "Sulfur dioxide,
'Farm crops, "Air pollution, Standards, United States,
Canada, Toxicity, Dosage, Responses, Measurement,
Simulation, Comparison, Climate, Experimental data,
Mathematical models, Acid precipitation.
PB87-203063/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Methodology for Evaluating Potential Human
Health Effects of Microorganisms That Degrade
Hazardous Wastes,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
S. E. George, M. J. Kohan, D. B. Walsh, and L. D.
Claxton. Jun 87,29p EPA/600/D-87/209
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Health
Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park,
Microorganisms are being developed to environmen-
tally degrade hazardous wastes. Before such orga-
nisms are deployed, methods need to be designed to
monitor the organisms and waste by-products for po-
tentially adverse human health and environmental ef-
fects. Initial work in the authors laboratory involved the
study of the biological effects of a mutant microorga-
nisms that biodegrades polychlorinated biphenyl com-
pounds (PCB's). The authors have designed several
mouse model systems to examine the ability of these
organisms to colonize the intestines of the mouse and
compete with the resident intestinal floral. The hazard-
ous waste degrading microorganisms, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, was recoverable on a selective medium in
all methods evaluated. The normal intestinal flora was
also monitored. Depending on the method utilized, an
alteration in one or more of the normal flora was ob-
served in a dose related manner.
Keywords: "Microorganisms, "Biodeterioration, "Haz-
ardous materials, "Public health, Mutations, Pseudo-
monas, Tests, Mice, Metabolism, Feces, Monitoring,
Biphenyl, Chlorine organic compounds, Antiobiotics!
Intestines, Dosage, Exposure, Statistical analysis!
Counting methods, Polychlorinated biphenyls. Bi-
phenyl/chloro.
PB87-203071/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Distribution of Plasmids in Groundwater Bacteria.
Journal article,
Tennessee Univ., Knoxville. Dept. of Microbiology.
Q. A. Ogunseitan, E. T. Tedford, D. Pacia, K. M.
Sirotkin, and G. S. Sayler. c1987,10p EPA/600/J-87/
037
Pub. in Jnl. of Industrial Microbiology, 1 (5) p311-317
1987. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Re-
search Lab., Ada, OK.
Bacteria isolated from groundwater aquifer core mate-
rials of pristine aquifers at Lula and Pickett, Oklahoma,
and from a site with a history of aromatic hydrocarbon
contamination and natural renovation located at
Conroe, Texas, were screened for the presence of
plasmid Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by alkaline or
enzyme lysis and agarose gel techniques. Some of the
isolates were also subjected to taxonomic tests in ad-
dition to screening for resistance to antibiotics, toler-
ance to heavy metal salts, and bacteriocin production.
There was no significant difference in the distribution
of the traits usually associated with plasmid occur-
rence in isolates from the three sites. (Copyright (c)
1987 Society for Industrial Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Groundwater, 'Bacteria, Aquifers, Deoxyr-
ibonucleic acids, Reprints, Plasmids.
PB87-203089/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Analytical Method Comparisons by Estimates of
Precision and Lower Detection Limit. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
D. M. Holland, and F. F. McElroy. 1986, 7p EPA/600/
J-86/377
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v20
n11 p1157-1161 Nov 86.
The paper describes the use of principal component
analysis to estimate the operating precision of several
different analytical instruments or methods simulta-
neously measuring a common sample of a material
whose actual value is unknown. This approach is ad-
vantageous when none of the analytical instruments or
methods is sufficiently superior to the others to serve
as a reference. It also avoids the need for costly exper-
imental designs requiring testing of duplicate instru-
ments. Principal component analysis utilizes the re-
sults from tests of three or more analytical instruments
or methods measuring common or identical material
samples to provide a composite reference value for
the material that can be assumed to approximate the
true analytical value. From these composite values,
estimates of the operating precision for each of the in-
struments or methods can be developed.
Keywords: 'Factor analysis, 'Comparators, 'Analyz-
ers, Precision, Measurement, Measuring instruments,
Tests Nitrogen dioxide, Reprints, Enviromental moni-
toring, Principal components analysis.
PB87-203097/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Treatment of Contaminated Waste Site Runoff at
the Seymour Recycling Site, Seymour, Indiana.
Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
R. P. Traver. 1985,12pEPA/600/J-85/492
Pub. in Jnl. of Hazardous Materials, 12p177-185 1985.
The Environmental Emergency Response Unit (EERU)
is the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA)
hazardous material spill response and control organi-
zation for situations where the use of complex cleanup
equipment and techniques are required. EERU is en-
gaged in the shakedown and field demonstration of
protypical equipment and techniques that have been
developed under the direction and sponsorship of
EPA's Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Labo-
ratory (HWERL). In March 1983, EERU was requested
by the EPA Region V On-Scene-Coordinator to provide
an on-site water treatment system at the Seymour Re-
cycling Site, Seymour, Indiana, the largest uncon-
trolled waste site in the state. The system was to be
on-site and operational by April 1983. A few of the lim-
iting factors in choosing a system were speed of mobi-
lization, plus short term and intermittent use.
Keywords: 'Waste water. 'Water pollution, 'Waste
disposal, "Chemical removal(Water treatment), Water
treatment. 'Hazardous materials. Materials handling.
Toxins and antitoxins, Water pollution control. Re-
prints, Chemical spills, Water pollution control equip-
ment.
PB87-203105/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Laboratory Analysis of Back-Corona Discharge.
Journal article,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
T. R. Snyder, P. Vann Bush, and D. H. Pontius. c1987,
16p EPA/600/J-87/046
Pub. in Jnl. of Electrostatics, v19 p101 -114 1987.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper discusses an experimental research pro-
gram to characterize back-corona generation and be-
havior in a range of environments and geometries
common to electrostatic precipitators (ESPs). A wire-
parallel plate device was used to monitor the intensity
and distribution of back-corona discharges. Back-
corona was generated by subjecting a deposited layer
of fly ash to corona current. Back-corona emissions
were observed with a sensitive video camera. These
observations provided new insight into the characteris-
tics of back-corona phenomena. Conditions that were
varied during the experiments included ash resistivity,
corona electrode design, corona polarity, and ash-
layer thickness and surface condition. The effect of
pulsed energization on back-corona was also studied.
Analyses of visual observations and measured distri-
butions of corona and back-corona current allowed an
assessment of the effects of back-corona emissions
on ESP operating parameters. (Copyright (c) 1987 El-
sevier Science Publishers B.V.)
Keywords: 'Electric corona, 'Electric discharges,
Electrostatic precipitators, Discharge, Coronas, Pollu-
tion, Emissions, Reprints, *Air pollution control.
PB87-203113/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
2,4,5-Trlchlorophenol and Its Salts: Decision Doc-
ument.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
14 Apr 87, 63p EPA/540/9-87 /194
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
'Toxicology, Toxicity, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory
animals, Exposure, Physiological effects. Regulations,
Agricultural products, 'Phenol/trichloro, "Toxic sub-
stances, Health risks, Pesticide residues, Path of pol-
lutants, Mutagenesis, Bioaccumulation.
PB87-203139/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Intraspeclflc Differences in Growth and Yield of
Soybean Exposed to Ultraviolet-B Radiation
under Greenhouse and Field Conditions. Journal
article,
Maryland Univ., College Park. Dept. of Botany.
A. H. Teramura, and N. S. Murali. C1986,9p EPA/600/
J-86/374
Grant EPA-R-808035
Pub. in Environmental and Experimental Botany, v26
n1 p89-95 1986. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmen-
tal Research Lab., OR.
Twenty-three soybean cultivars were grown in a green-
house under a daily dose of either 0 or10.1 kJ/sq m
biologically effective ultraviolet-B (UV-BsubBE) radi-
ation until reproductive maturity. Of these, six selected
cultivars were also grown in the field with similar en-
hanced levels of UV-B. UV-B radiation substantially af-
fected vegetative growth and seed yield in both envi-
ronments. The magnitude of response varied intraspe-
cifically and was character specific. Under both green-
house and field conditions, Forrest was the most toler-
ant to UV-B radiation based upon a combination of re-
sponses including plant height, leaf area, total dry
weight, and seed yield. Using the same criteria, Shore
and York were the most susceptible under greenhouse
and field conditions, respectively. Additional compari-
sons revealed that UV-B sensitivity based on vegeta-
tive parameters was similar between greenhouse and
field observations but based on seed yield differed
markedly. This discrepancy might be related to envi-
ronmental differences, particularly in the level of visible
radiation between the two growth regimes. (Copyright
(c) 1986, Pergamon Press Ltd.)
Keywords: "Soybean plants, "Greenhouses, "Ultravio-
let radiation, Cultivation, Horticulture, Plant growth,
Plants(Botany), Yield, Farm crops, Reprints.
PB87-203147/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Morphological Transformation and Chromosome
Damage by Amsacrlne In C3H/10T(1/2) Clone 8
Cells. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. R. Ferguson, P. Van Zijl, and S. Nesnow. c1986,13p
EPA/600/J-86/375
Pub. in Mutation Research 170, p133-143 1986. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Auckland Univ. (New Zea-
land).
Morphological transformation, cell survival, chromo-
somal aberrations and micronuclei were measured in
C3H/101/2CL8 cells after 24 hour exposure to amsa-
crine. A weak but dose-related increase in the percent-
age of dishes containing transformed foci occurred. As
previously reported for alkylating agents, this effect
was increased by treating 5 days instead of 1 day after
plating. There was no evidence for gene mutation at
the Na/K ATPase locus, although amsacrine induced
micronuclei in a large percentage of cells and chromo-
somal aberrations, including interchange events and
double minute chromosomes, in dividing cells. It would
appear that transformation and chromosomal events
may be related in amsacrine treated C3H/10T1/2CL8
cells. The results strongly suggest that amsacrine has
carcinogenic potential, possibly related to its chromo-
some-breaking properties. (Copyright (C) 1986 Else-
vier Science Publishers B.V.)
Keywords: 'Morphology, 'Cells(Biology), Chemother-
apy, Carcinogens, Drug therapy, Mutations, Reprints,
*Amsacrine(4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-
anisidide), 'Chromosome abnormalities, Cell survival.
PB87-203154/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Inhibition of Aromatase Cytochrome P-450 (Estro-
gen Synthetase) by Derivatives of alpha-Naphtho-
flavone. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. T. Kellis, S. Nesnow, and L. E. Vickery. c1986,7p
EPA/600/ J-86/376
Pub. in Biochemical Pharmacology, v35 n17 p2887-
2891 1986. Prepared in cooperation with California
Univ., Irvine. Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics.
alpha-Naphthoflavone (ANF; 7,8-benzoflavone) is a
potent competitive inhibitor of human aromatase cy-
tochrome P-450 (J.T. Kellis, Jr. and L.E. Vickery, Sci-
ence 225, 1032 (1984)). The authors have further in-
vestigated inhibition of aromatase by several deriva-
tives of ANF. Using human placental microsomes and
40nM and androstenedione as substrate, the com-
pounds tested and their I sub 50 values were: ANF,
0.07 microM; 2-(2-naphthyl)-4H-naphtho 1,2b pyran-4-
one, 1.0 microM; 7,8-benzoisoflavone,identical with
100 microM; and 2-phenyl-4Hnaphtho 1,2b furan, >
100 microM. These findings show the necessity of the
keto group of ANF in its binding to the enzyme and the
importance of size and position of substitution of the
exocyclic phenyl ring. (Copyright (C) Pergamon Jour-
nals, Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Enzymes, 'Edocrinology, 'Cytochromes,
'Inhibitors, Biochemistry, Naphthols, Carcinogens
Steroids, Reprints.
PB87-203162/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Soil Air Carbon Dioxide Concentration* in a New
England Spruce-Fir Forests. Journal article,
Maine Univ. at Orono. Dept. of Plant and Soil Sci-
ences.
I. J. Fernandex, and P. A. Kosian. c1987,6p EPA/600/
J-87/043
Grant EPA-R-812093
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pub. in Soil Science Society of America Jnl., v51 m
p261-263 1987. Sponsored byCorvallis Environmental
Research Lab., OR.
Research and modeling efforts to evaluate soil-soil so-
lution chemical interactions must take into account so-
lution equilibria with soil air C02. Measurements of soil
air C02 and soil temperature were made in the major
horizons of a forest soil in eastern Maine through the
1985 growing season. Soil air C02 concentrations
ranged from 0.10 to 0.35%, 0.10 to 1.25%, and 0.20 to
1.20% in the O, B, and C horizons respectively. Peak
soil air C02 concentration occurred in July and early
October which coincide with high points in soil temper-
ature during the growing season. (Copyright (c) Soil
Sci. Am. J., 1987.)
Keywords: 'Soil science, Acidification, Soil microbiolo-
gy, Models, Temperature, Maine, "Forestry, Reprints,
"Carbon dioxide concentration, Soil respiration.
PB87-203170/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Sorbents and Additives for Dry S02
(Sulfur Dioxide) Removal (Journal Version). Jour-
nal article,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC
C. Jorgensen, J. C. S. Chang, and T. G. Brna. c1987,
10p EPA/600/J-87/044
Contract EPA-68-02-3988
Pub. in Environmental Progress, v6 n2 p26-32 Feb 87.
See also PB86-160272. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper gives results of bench-scale reactivity stud-
ies of alkaline sorbents, performed in an integrated
fixed-bed reactor, simulating the fabric filter dust layer
of dry flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems. Relative
humidity significantly affected S02 absorption by lime
and limestone plus additives such as CaCI2,
Ca(N03)2, and NaN03, but had less impact on
NaHC03 reactivity. Different reaction patterns of vari-
ous sorbents were observed. Results are discussed
relating to sorbent screening for dry FGD systems.
(Copyright (c) Environmental Progress, 1987.)
Keywords: "Sorbents, Reaction kinetics, Sulfur diox-
ides, "Flue gases, Desulfurization, Alkalinity, Air pollu-
tion control, Reprints, "FGD systems.
PB87-203188/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Computer Automated Study of the Structure-Mu-
tagenicity Relationships of Non-Fused-Ring Ni-
troarenes and Related Compounds. Journal article,
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH.
G. Klopman, A. Kalos, and H. S. Rosenkranz. c1987,
23p EPA/600/J-87/042
Pub. in Molecular Toxicology, 1 p61-81, 1987. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
A quantitative structure-activity analysis of the mutage-
nicity of non-fused ring nitroaromatic compounds is re-
ported. The analysis is performed on the basis of sub-
structural fragment descriptors according to a recently
developed methodology acronymed CASE (Computer
Automated Structure Evaluation). The compounds of
the data base were reclassified as mutagens or non-
mutagens on the basis of probabilistic considerations.
The mutagenic potencies of these agents were calcu-
lated through a multivariate regression analysis using
fragments as descriptors. A good correlation with ex-
perimental values is obtained. (Copyright (c) 1987 by
Hemisphere Publishing Company.)
Keywords: "Nitro compounds, "Structural analysis,
Toxicity, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Probability
theory, Computer applications, Carcinogens, Reprints,
*CASE(Computer Automated Structure Evaluation),
"Mutagenicity tests, Computer applications.
PB87-203279/HSU	pc A04/MF A01
Analysis of Diffusion Field Experiments,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
G. A. Briggs. Jun 87, 65p EPA/600/D-87/198
The report describes general theoretical frameworks
for the ordering of diffusion field data in terms of mete-
orological measurements. The three methods de-
scribed are surface-layer (Monin-Obukhov) similarity,
convective scaling, and statistical theory using wind
fluctuations. Early analyses of historic field experi-
ments are reinterpreted in terms of these frameworks
and many examples of analyses using these three
methods are cited from the literature. The strengths
and limitations of each method are discussed at length
and the most effective methods are identified accord-
ing to stability, height of source, and vertical or lateral
diffusion
Keywords: "Atmospheric diffusion, "Dispersing, Mete-
orological data, Boundary layer, Field tests, Mathemat-
ical models, "Air pollution, Plumes, Surface layer, Con-
vective flow.
PB87-203287/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Wind Transport of Scalars and Pollutants,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
R. S. Thompson. Jun 87,7p EPA/600/D-87/200
An understanding of the transport of scalars and pol-
lutants in the atmosphere is essential in many engi-
neering applications including the protection of the na-
tion's health through enforcement of the Clean Air Act.
Recent results from field experiments, laboratory ex-
periments and numerical modeling efforts have ad-
vanced the theory of atmospheric transport. Some
specific future research areas include transport in
wake flows, dense-gas clouds, and in the convective
layer of the atmosphere.
Keywords: "Air pollution, Environmental engineering,
"Scalars, Mathematical models, Wind(Meteorology),
Radioactive materials, Atmospheric diffusion, Gaus-
sion plume models, "Atmospheric motion, Clean Air
Act, Atmospheric models.
PB87-203295/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Computers in the Water Industry: Impact on the
Regulatory Process,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. M. Clark. Jun 87, 21 p EPA/600/D-87/202
Recent amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act
have increased the number and scope of activities as-
sociated with the regulatory process in drinking water.
Computer modeling has become vital to the Drinking
Water Research Division in order to fulfill its mission of
evaluating technologies, part of the maximum contami-
nant level development process under the Safe Drink-
ing Water Act Amendments. Water supply related
models are presented. The paper concludes that while
modeling can be very valuable it must be appropriate
and that models must be field evaluated before they
are applied in a regulatory context.
Keywords: "Potable water, Contaminants, Regula-
tions, "Water treatment, Activated carbon treatment,
Models, Water supply, MCLs(Maximum contaminant
levels), DWRD(Drinking Water Research Division),
Safe Drinking Water Act, "Computer applications.
PB87-203329/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Seasonal Toxicity of Ammonia to Five Fish and
Nine Invertebrate Species. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. W. Arthur, C. W, West, K. N. Allen, and S. F. Hedtke.
1987, 10p EPA/600/J-87/038
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v38 p324-331 1987.
The effects of ammonia toxicity were determined for
14 aquatic species (5 fish and 9 invertebrates) in short-
term laboratory tests. Forty-five tests were conducted
and individual 96-h values (48-h for cladocera) ranged
from 0.26 to 22.8 mg/1 NH3. The most sensitive fish
and invertebrate species tested with ammonia were
the rainbow trout and fingernail clam with geometric
mean LC50 values of 0.53 and 1.10 mg/1 NH3, re-
spectively. The most tolerant organisms were caddisf-
ly and crayfish species. Differences in toxicity to am-
monia among the fish species was a factor of four and
a factor of 17 times for the tested invertebrate species.
The short-term tests did not demonstrate a relation-
ship between unionized ammonia (NH3) toxicity and
test temperature.
Keywords: "Ammonia, "Aquatic animals, "Toxicity,
Seasonal variations, Sensitivity, Stream pollution,
Fishes, Invertebrates, Reprints.
PB87-203337/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Bioavailability of Polychlorinated Dlbenzo-P-Diox-
ins and Dibenzofurans from Contaminated Wis-
consin River Sediment to Carp. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
D. W. Kuehl, P. M. Cook, A. R. Batterman, D.
Lothenbach, and B. C. Butterworth. 1987,15p EPA/
600/J-87/035
Pub. in Chemosphere, v16 n4 p667-679 1987.
The bioavailability of 2,3,7,8-TCDD from sediment to
freshwater fish was studied in laboratory exposures.
Carp (1 Og) exposed to Wisconsin River sediment
(39pg/g) for 55 days accumulated 7.5 pg/g. Maintain-
ing exposured fish in clean water for an additional 205
days resulted in depuration of 32-34% TCDD. These
values compare to field data where sediments ranged
from 30-200 pg/g and 1.5 kg carp (70 pg/g) depurated
55% in 325 days. Analysis of sediment, laboratory ex-
posed fish, and Wisconsin River fish for other PCDDs
and PCDFs showed residues of 2,3,7 and 8 substituted
congeners selectively enriched.
Keywords: "Water pollution, 'Rivers, "Pesticides,
"Chlorine aromatic compounds, Sediments, Carp,
Ecology, Fly ash, Exposure, Contaminants,
Ingestion(Biology), Wisconsin River, Furans, Herbi-
cides, Oxygen heterocyclic compounds, Reprints, "Bi-
ological accumulation, PCDD(Polychlorinated di-
benzo-p-dioxins), PCDF(Polychlorinated dibenzofur-
ans), Dioxin, Dibenzodioxin/tetrachloro, Furan/Di-
benzo tetrachloro.
PB87-203345/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Elevated Ammonia Levels on the Fin-
gernail Clam, 'Musculium transversum', in Out-
door Experimental Streams. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Monticello, MN.
Monticello Ecological Research Station.
J. A. Zischke, and J. W. Arthur. C1987,9p EPA/600/J-
87/036
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 16, p225-231 1987. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Saint Olaf Coll., Northfield, MN.
The effects of ammonia on survival, growth, and repro-
duction of the fingernail clam. Musculium transversum
were tested in outdoor experimental streams. In the
summers of 1983 and 1984 caged clams were ex-
posed in the streams. During the 1983 studies, the
weekly mean NH 3 ranges in the low, medium and high
concentration streams were, respectively, 0.02-0.08,
0.04-0.25 and 0.14-0.56 mg/l; in 1984 the ranges in
the same streams were 0.04-0.20, 0.07-0.38 and 0.48-
1.17 mg/L. In the first year studies, survival was high-
est (50-85%) in the control and low NH3 streams,
lower (30-55%) in the medium NH3 stream and no
clams survived the high NH3 treatment. Growth was
also greater in the control and low NH3 streams.
Keywords: 'Ammonia, 'Clams, 'Water pollution,
"Streams, Concentration(Composition), Exposure,
Growth, Survival, Reproduction(Biology), Abundance,
Comparison, Reprints, 'Musculium transversum. Fin-
gernail clam.
PB87-203352/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
New Method to Determine 'Giardia' Cyst Viability;
Correlation of Fluorescein Dlacetate and Propl-
dium Iodide Staining with Animal Infectivlty. Jour-
nal article,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis,
D. G. Schupp. and S. L. Erlandsen. c1987,7p EPA/
600/J-87/054
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v53
n4 p704-707 Apr 87. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The viability of Giardia muris cysts was studied using
the fluorogenic dyes, fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and
propidium iodide (PI). Using the mouse model for giar-
diasis, FDA or PI stained cysts were inoculated into
neonatal mice. Feces were examined at days 3, 5, e
and 11 post-inoculation for the presence of cysts'
Using 1000 FDA stained cysts as the inoculum, cysts
were detected at days 5, 8, and 11 after inoculation in
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
9/9 mice, whereas a 50-fold greater dose of cysts pro-
duced infection at three days in 27/27 mice as well as
at 5, 8, and 11 days post-inoculum. Inoculation of 40
mice with 50,000 PI stained cysts did not produce in-
fection in any of the animals. Necropsy of mice infect-
ed with FDA stained cysts showed trophozoites within
the intestine. No trophozoites were detected within
animals inoculated with 50,000 PI stained cysts. These
results demonstrate that FDA positive cysts are non-
viable and incapable of producing Giardia infections in
vivo. (Copyright (C) 1987, American Society for Micro-
biology.)
Keywords: "Giardia, 'Cysts, "Staining, Infectious dis-
eases, Chemical tests, Fluorescein, Iodides, Fluores-
cent dyes, Mice, Viability, In vivo analysis, Reprints,
FDA(Fluorescein diacetate), PI(Propidium iodide).
PB87-203360/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Well Construction and Purging Effects on
Ground-Water Samples. Journal article,
Illinois State Water Survey Div., Champaign.
M. J. Barcelona, and J A. Helfrich. c1986, 8p EPA/
600/J-86/373
Grant EPA-R-809966
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v20
n11 p1179-1184 Nov 86. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr
Environmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
Multiple well installations of selected casing materials
(i.e., polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), 304 stainless
steel (SS), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC)) were con-
structed and sampled to determine if well purging and
construction procedures would significantly bias
chemical constituent determinations in ground water.
Water quality results from six monthly sampling dates
indicate that proper purging of stagnant water from
monitoring wells and isolation of cement seals are es-
sential for the collection of representative chemical
data. Significant differences in purged samples taken
from PTFE, SS, or PVC wells were observed for total
organic carbon and volatile halocarbons, which may
be linked to the materials' interaction with ground
water. The well casing interferences were not predict-
ably high or low for any of the materials. (Copyright (c)
1986 by the America Chemical Society.)
Keywords: "Wells, "Construction materials, "Purging,
Ground water, Chemical composition, "Water quality,
Halohydrocarbons, Polyvinyl chloride, Reprints,
PTFE(Polytetrafluoroethylene), Steel 304.
PB87-203378/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Alteration of Immune Function in Mice Following
Carcinogen Exposure. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. W. Luebke, R. R. Rogers, M. M. Riddle, D. G. Rowe,
and R. J. Smialowicz. C1987,11p EPA/600/J-87/039
Pub. in Immunopharmacology, v13 p1-9 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Treatment of mice with the direct-acting alkylating
agent methyl methanesulfonate produced marked
suppression of the humoral response to sheep eryth-
rocytes and suppression of T cell responses to foreign
antigens. These effects occurred without loss of
spleen, thymus or body weight and in the absence of
peripheral blood, splenic or bone marrow cytotoxicity.
In comparison, exposure to urethan decreased spleen
weight, number and viability of spleen cells, and num-
bers of circulating lymphocytes. Significant suppres-
sion ot T cell mitogen responsiveness was observed at
all dose levels of urethan. Thymus weights, prolifera-
tive responses to the B cell mitogen lipopolysacchar-
ide and delayed hypersensitivity responses were de-
creased at the highest urethan dose. Cyclophospha-
mide treatment significantly depressed thymic weight,
lymphoproliferative responses of T and B cells, anti-
body production and delayed hypersensitivity re-
sponses. These results suggest differential sensitivity
in components of the host defense system to weak
carcinogens.
Keywords: "Carcinogens, Laboratory animals, Mice,
Tests, Drugs, Contaminants, Food, Reprints, "Immun-
osuppression, Methyl methanesulfonate, Urethan, Cy-
clophosphamide. Toxic substances.
PB87-203386/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada
OK.
Detection of a Microbial Consortium, Including
Type 2 Methanotrophs, by Use of Phospholipid
Fatty Acides in an Aerobic Halogenated Hydro-
carbon-Degrading Soil Column Enriched with Nat-
ural Gas. Journal article,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Dept. of Biological
Science.
P. D. Nichols, J. M. Henson, C. P. Antworth, J. Parsons,
and J. T. Wilson. C1987,12p EPA/600/J-87/040
Grant EPA-R-809994
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v6
p89-97 1987. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environ-
mental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
The phospholipid ester-linked normal and lipopolysac-
charide layer hydroxy fatty acids from microbes in a
natural gas (85% methane)-stimulated soil column ca-
pable of degrading halogenated hydrocarbons were
analyzed in detail by capillary column GC-MS. Microbi-
al biomass, calculated from phospholipid fatty acid
(PLFA) concentrations to be 5.6 x 10 to the 9th power
bacteria/g (dry weight), was greater in the hydrocar-
bon-degrading column than in either an azide-inhibited
soil column or an untreated surface soil. Microbial
community structure information, using GC-MS analy-
sis of derivatized monounsaturated PLFA, indicated
that the major component (16 to 18%) of the PLFA in
the hydrocarbon-degrading column was the PLFA 28:1
delta 10c. The novel PLFA has been reported as a
major component in type II methanotrophs. Based on
these differences, the potential exists to use these
methods to monitor shifts in microbial biomass and
community structure in aquifers where indigenous bac-
teria are stimulated to biotransform pollutant com-
pounds.
Keywords: "Bacteria, "Deterioration, "Halohydrocar-
bons, "Soils, "Water pollution, Fatty acids,
Concentration(Composition). Methane, Detection, Soil
analysis, Aquifers, Monitoring, Reprints.
PB87-203394/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Mutagenicity in Salmonella of Hazardous Wastes
and Urine from Rats Fed These Wastes,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D. M. DeMarini, J. P. Inmon, J. E. Simmons, E. Berman,
and T. C. Pasley. Jun 87,29p EPA/600/D-87/208
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Health
Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park,
NC.
Fifteen hazardous industrial waste samples were eval-
uated for mutagenicity in the Salmonella plate-incorpo-
ration assay using strains TA98 and TA100 in the pres-
ence and absence of Aroclor 1254-induced rat liver
S9. Dichloromethane/methanol extracts of the crude
wastes also were evalauted. Seven of the crude
wastes were mutagenic, but only 2 of the extract of
these 7 wastes were mutagenic; extracts of 2 addition-
al wastes also were mutagenic. In addition, 10 of the
crude wastes were administered by gavage to F-344
rats, and 24-H urine samples were collected. Of the 10
raw urines evaluated, 3 were mutagenic in strain TA98
in the presence of S9 and B-glucuronidase. To the au-
thors' knowledge, this is the first report of the mutage-
nicity of urine from rodents exposed to hazardous
wastes. Based on the present results, the use of only
strain TA98 in the presence of S9 might be adequate
for general screening of hazardous wastes or waste
extracts for genotoxicity.
Keywords: "Industrial wastes, "Mutagens, Hazardous
materials, Salmonella, Toxicity, Exposure, Rats, Urine,
Bioassay, Carcinogens, Chromosome abnormalities.
PB87-203402/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Risk Assessment, Management, Communication:
A Guide to Selected Sources. Update. Information
uide.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Information Management and Services Div.
May 87,108p EPA/IMSD-87/002-A
See also PB87-185500.
This is the first update to the March 1987 publication
entitled Risk Assessment, Management, Communica-
tion: A Guide to Selected Sources. The risk update
series is divided into three major sections: Assess-
ment, Management, and Communication. This update
also includes subsections on hazardous waste, radi-
ation and a number of specific chemicals. Due to the
expanding literature on risk, other subsections may be
added to updates in the future. Each Table of Contents
contains a complete list of the subsections. Updates
are produced on a quarterly basis.
Keywords: "Risk, Information, Toxicology, State gov-
ernment, Local government, Public health, Ecology,
Toxic substances, Health hazards. Risk assessment,
Risk management, Risk communication.
PB87-203436/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Fluorometric Determination of Hydrogen Perox-
ide in Groundwater. Journal article,
Illinois State Water Survey Div., Champaign.
T. R. Holm, G. K. George, and M. J. Barcelona. c1987,
7p EPA/600/J-87/041
Grant EPA-R-809966
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry 59, n4 p582-586, 15 Feb
87. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Re-
search Lab., Ada, OK.
The fluorometric scopoletin-horseradish peroxidase
method has been modified for field determinations of
hydrogen peroxide concentrations in ground waters.
Standard additions calibration compensates for back-
ground fluorescence and inconsistent stoichiometry of
the fluorescence quenching reaction due to interfer-
ences by the matrix. The detection limit, defined as the
blank plus three standard deviations, ranged from 3.6
to 44.6 nM. However, this limit was more an indication
of the difficulty of preparing peroxide-free water than
the actual limit imposed by the sensitivity of the
method for the peroxide contamination introduced with
the reagents. For 111 field determinations the weight-
ed average uncorrected hydrogen peroxide concentra-
tion was 20.2 nM and the pooled standard deviation
was 7.7 nM. The average of 45 field blanks was 7.8 nM
with a pooled standard deviation of 5.2 nM. (Copyright
(C) 1987 American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: "Ground water, "Chemical analysis, "Hy-
drogen peroxide, Fluorescence, Sampling, Stoichiom-
etry, Water chemistry, Reprints.
PB87-203766/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Appendix F~Quality Assurance Procedures. Pro-
cedure 1-Quality Assurance Requirements for
Gas Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems
Used for Compliance Determination. Summary of
Comments and Responses.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Apr 87.83p EPA/450/3-87/009
No abstract available.
Keywords: "Quality assurance, "Gases, Require-
ments, Emissions, Procedures, Monitoring, Compli-
ance, "Continuous emission monitoring.
PB87-204707/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Pentachlorophenol: Decision Document (Non-
Wood Uses).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
9 Jan 87, 66p EPA/540/9-87/196
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Pesticides,
"Toxicology, Toxicity, Residues, Ecology, Exposure,
Laboratoiy animals, Physiological effects, Regula-
tions, Agricultural products, "Toxic substances, Health
risks, Pesticide residues, Path of pollutants, Mutagene-
sis, Bioaccumulation.
PB87-204B22/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Fate and Bioaccumulation of Soil-Associated
Low-Level Naturally Occurring Radioactivity Fol-
lowing Disposal into a Marine Ecosystem. Final
rept.,
Rhode Island Univ., Narragansett. Marine Ecosystems
Research Lab.
C. D. Hunt. 1 Oct 86, 169p EPA/520/1-86/017
Sponsored by Office of Radiation Programs, Washing-
ton, DC.
The fate of Radium (Ra) and other naturally occurring
Uranium series isotopes associated with soils dis-
posed in seawater was examined using the Marine
Ecosystem Research Laboratory (MERL) controlled
marine ecosystems. Thirty-seven kilograms of a soil
containing approximately 400 pCi Ra-226/g from an
inactive uranium ore processing plant site in Middle-
sex, New Jersey, were added to each of two meso-
cosms over five days in mid-September 1984. Radio-
nuclide activity in these and two control mesocosms
was observed for three months after the soil additions.
Radioactivity in the soil appeared to be confined to dis-
crete soil particles rather than being distributed equally
on the soil particles, suggesting the source of the ra-
dioactivity was remnant ore particles.
Keywords: "Soils, "Natural radioactivity, Sampling,
Radium, Uranium, Radioactive isotopes, Disposal,
Tables(Data), Mollusca, Exposure, "Marine environ-
ments, Marine disposal, "Ocean waste disposal,
Bioaccumulation, Environmental effects.
PB87-205035/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Chesapeake Bay Liaison Office, Annapolis, MD.
Nutrient Control In the Chesapeake Bay: A State-
ment Issued by the Scientific and Technical Advi-
sory Committee (STAC), Chesapeake Bay Pro-
gram.
Chesapeake Bay Program Scientific and Technical Ad-
visory Committee, Gloucester Point, VA.
Jan 86,48p
Sponsored by Chesapeake Bay Liaison Office, Annap-
olis, MD.
The report recommends that nitrogen removal be a
part of the water treatment plans for the Chesapeake
Bay. The Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee
feels that point source ammonia-nitrogen pollution by
wastewater treatment plants is a problem that has not
been and must be addressed.
Keywords: "Nitrogen, "Phosphorus, "Chesapeake
Bay, Nutrients, Productivity, Waste water, Water pollu-
tion control, "Chemical removal(Sewage treatment),
Recommendations, Aquatic ecosystems, Point
sources.
PB87-205159/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Monitoring 1984: A First Report from the Chesa-
peake Bay Program Monitoring Subcommittee.
Summary rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Sep 85,32p*
See also PB87-205175.
The first report is from The Chesapeake Bay Monitor-
ing Subcommittee. The study outlines its objectives,
program structuring and sampling network. Objectives
for the monitoring program are to: describe and track
long term trends; characterize the current state of the
Bay; assure a Baywide perspective; serve as a useful
support framework for ongoing and future studies and;
make monitoring information widely available so that it
can be used to help managers make decisions on the
Bay's future.
Keywords: "Government policies, "Biological produc-
tivity, "Water quality management, "Chesapeake Bay,
Objectives, Sampling, Quality control, Collecting meth-
ods, Sediments, Fisheries, Toxicity, Experimental
design, State government, National government.
PB87-205167/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Chesapeake Bay Restoration and Protection Plan.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Liaison Office.
Jul 85,118p*
The report presents goals and strategies for. imPr°^'"9
the water quality and living resources of the Chesa-
peake Bay, for the sake of the Chesapeake s produc-
tivity, ecology, and to protect public health. It also out-
846 Vol. 90, No. 24
lines the activities of seven federal agencies and of
four states.
Keywords: 'Government policies, "Biological produc-
tivity, "Water quality management, "Chesapeake Bay,
Ecology. Public health, National government, State
§overnment, Research program administration,
ewage treatment, Removal, Spoil, Phosphorus, Fish-
eries, Fishing, Hazardous materials, Right of way ac-
quisition, Air pollution, Chesapeake Bay program, Non-
point sources.
PB87-205175/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
State of the Chesapeake Bay: Second Annual
Monitoring Report, Compendium. Rept. for Jan 84-
Sep 85,
Chesapeake Research Consortium, Inc., Gloucester
Point, VA.
M. P. Lynch, and E. C. Krome. Apr 87,177p* CRC-
PUB-125
See also PB87-205159. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD. Chesapeake Bay
Program.
The report is a summary of information collected at
stations around the Chesapeake Bay. It is designed to
be a more detailed/technical companion to the State
Of The Bay Summary Report. It reports the results of
the monitoring of the Chesapeake Bay in terms of its
physical and chemical makeup (sediments, the distri-
bution of toxics), the living resources, (plankton,
benthos, submerged aquatic vegetation, birds), and
the Patuxent River, as a case history.
Keywords: "Marine biology, "Water quality manage-
ment, "Chesapeake Bay, Water pollution, Monitoring,
Sediments, Toxicity, Plankton, Benthos, Aquatic
plants, Birds, Abundance, Populations Circulation, Or-
ganic compounds, Chemical analysis, Nutrients, Pau-
tuxent River, Shellfish, Marine fishes, Graphs(Charts),
"Case studies, Waterfowl.
PB87-205191/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Example Modeling to Illustrate SIP (State imple-
mentation Plan) Development for the PM(10)
NAAQS (National Ambient Air Quality Standards),
TRC Environmental Consultants, Inc., East Hartford,
CT.
M. K. Anderson, R. T. DeCesar, R. J. Londergan, and
E.T. Brookman. May 87,128p* EPA/450/4-87/012
Contract EPA-68-02-3886
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The document provides an illustration of the use of
modeling techniques for SIP development for the
PM10 NAAQS. Available dispersion and receptor mod-
eling techniques are applied and their results are com-
pared. Analyses applicable to both the annual and 24-
hour PM10 NAAQS are demonstrated. The application
of models in control strategy development is de-
scribed. The examples provided include an urban area
problem and a problem caused by an industrial source
with fugitive dust.
Keywords: "Particles, Public health, Models, Stand-
ards, Data bases, Urban areas, "Air pollution sampling,
State implementation plans, "Air quality, Path of pollut-
ants.
PB87-205217/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Estimates of Population Distributions and Tailings
Areas Around Licensed Uranium Mlilsites. Final
rept.,
Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas, NV.
J. M. Hans, J. B. Hall, and W. E. Moore. Aug 86,89p
EPA/520/6-86/020
Population distributions and tailings areas were esti-
mated from aerial photography for each of 21 licensed
uranium millsites. Approximately 11,600 persons live
within 5 kilometers of the tailings impoundments at the
millsites. About 82 percent of these persons live near
five of the millsites. No persons were found living
within 5 kilometers of six of the millsites. Tailings area
measurements include the surface area of tailings in
impoundments, heap-leached ore. and carryover tail-
ings in evaporation ponds. Approximately 4,000 acres
of tailings surfaces were measured for the 21 millsites.
About 55 percent of the tailings surfaces were dry, 11
percent wet, and the remainder ponded. The average
tailings surface area for the millsites is about 200 acres
and ranges from 7 to 813 acres.
Keywords: "Radioactive wastes, "Public health, "Irra-
diation, Uranium, Tailings, Demographic surveys, Risk,
Assessments, Aerial surveys, Site surveys, Mine
wastes.
PB87-205266/HSU	PC A24/MF A01
Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors.
Volume 2. Mobile Sources (4th Edition).
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor. Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Sep 85, 553p* AP-42-ED-4-VOL-2
Supersedes PB81 -238305. See also Volume 1, PB86-
124906.
The document officially revises all previous factor (AP-
42) documents for highway mobile sources. Also, the
document will be periodically revised as the emissions
and in-use vehicle operational characteristics vary
from those presented. The document was generated
to present more recent emission factor information for
highway mobile sources. As such, the March 1981
Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors: High-
way Mobile Sources, EPA-460/3-81-005 document is
outdated. Many of the emission rates contained in the
document are found in EPA's mobile source emission
model, MOBILE3. The differences between the emis-
sion factors presented in the document and the March,
1981, Compilation Document are listed.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Exhaust emissions,
Tables(Data), Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, Nitro-
gen oxides, Particles, California, Motorcycles, Trucks,
Gasoline, Highways, "Emission factors, Diesel engine
exhaust, Light duty vehicles, Heavy duty vehicles.
PB87-20S613/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Advisories for 'Legionella' and Seven Inor-
anics.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Mar 87,15p
The document summarizes the health effects of
barium. Topics discussed include: general information
and properties, pharmacokinetics, health effects in
humans and animals, quantification of toxicological ef-
fects, other criteria guidance and standards, analytical
methods and treatment technologies.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Barium inorganic com-
pounds, Toxicology, Standards, Water treatment. Ana-
lyzing, Exposure, Absorption, Health Advisory pro-
gram, Health effects, Legionella.
PB87-205688/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
W. Alton Jones Foundation, Inc., Charlottesville, VA.
Choices for the Chesapeake: An Action Agenda.
1983 Chesapeake Bay Conference Report. Sum-
mary rept.
Citizens Program for the Chesapeake Bay, Inc., Balti-
more, MD.
Jan 84,24p
Sponsored by W. Alton Jones Foundation, Inc., Char-
lottesville, VA.
The report outlines and submits some solutions to the
problems of the Chesapeake Bay. It also outlines the
governors' meeting held in December of 1983 at which
the Chesapeake Bay Agreement was discussed and
signed.
Keywords: "Fisheries, "Water pollution, "Chesapeake
Bay, "Meetings, Problem solving, Nutrients, Algae,
Plankton blooms, Oxygen, Dissolved gases, Shellfish!
Toxicity, Dredging, Monitoring, Decision making, Sea
grasses, Recommendations.
PB87-205902/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Deepwater Demersal Fishes Observed from the
Submersible Avalon (DSRV-2) off the Farallon Is-
lands, 24 June 1985. Technical rept. (Final),
California State Dept. of Fish and Game, Long Beach
Marine Resources Div.
D. W. Gotshall, and R. S. Dyer. Jun 87, 24p MARINE
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Prepared in cooperation with Office of Radiation Pro-
grams, Washington, DC.
The U.S. Navy's Deep Submergence Rescue Vehicle
AVALON (DSRV-2) was used to locate low-level radio-
active waste containers and make observations of
deepwater benthic fishes and invertebrates at the 900
m (2952 ft) radioactive waste disposal site approxi-
mately 4.4 km SW of the Farallon Islands off San Fran-
cisco, California. During the three hours on the bottom
in depths of 975 to 1039 m (3198 to 3408 tt) five identi-
fiable species of demersal fishes were observed
Keywords: *Marine biology, "Radioactive wastes,
Fishes, Invertebrates, Sediments, Geological struc-
tures, Waste disposal, Farallon Islands, California.
PB87-205910/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Annual Progress Report under the Chesapeake
Bay Agreement (1st). Dec 85.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Dec 85, 28p
See also PB87-205928.
The report discusses the status of the Chesapeake
Bay Agreement and the programs in place to protect
and restore the Chesapeake Bay.
Keywords: 'Project planning, 'Conservation, 'Natural
resources, "Chesapeake Bay, Protection, Toxicity,
Water pollution, Marine fishes, Organic compounds,
Fisheries, Food chains, Research program administra-
tion, State government, Grants, Maryland, Virginia,
Pennsylvania, District of Columbia.
PB87-20S928/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Annual Progress Report under the Chesapeake
Bay Agreement (2nd).
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Feb 87, 37p
See also PB87-205910.
The report outlines status of the Chesapeake Bay
Agreement and resultant programs. It also surveys the
accomplishments under them.
Keywords: 'Project planning, 'Conservation, 'Natural
resources, 'Chesapeake Bay, Toxicity, Water pollu-
tion, Marine fishes, Birds, Shellfish, Food chains, Sedi-
ments, Research program administration, State gov-
ernment, Monitoring, Maryland, Virginia, Pennsylvania,
District of Columbia.
PB87-205977/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee,
Chesapeake Bay Program Annual Report 1986.
Summary rept. 16 Jan-16 Dec 86.
Chesapeake Bay Program Scientific and Technical Ad-
visory Committee, Gloucester Point, VA.
1986,10p
See also PB87-205985. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD. Chesapeake Bay
Program.
The report details the 1986 activities of the Scientific
and Technical Advisory Committee(STAC) of the
Chesapeake Bay Program's Implementation Commit-
tee. Each branch of the STAC summarizes its actions,
including, the Available Technology Subcommittee,
the Water Quality Subcommittee, the modeling liaison
committee and the Ad-Hoc Working Group on the
Chesapeake Basin Model.
Keywords: Technical assistance, Water pollution con-
trol, Water quality management, Models, Environmen-
tal protection, 'Chesapeake Bay Program, 'Avisory
committees.
PB87-20S985/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee,
Chesapeake Bay Program Annual Report 1985.
Summary rept. Dec 84-Nov 85.
Chesapeake Bay Program Scientific and Technical Ad-
visory Committee, Gloucester Point, VA.
1985,10p
See also PB87-205977. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency. Annapolis, MD. Chesapeake Bay
Program.
The report recapitulates the first year activities (1985)
of the Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee
(STAC) branch of the Chesapeake Bay Program's Im-
plementation Committee.
Keywords: "Chesapeake Bay, Technical assistance,
"Water pollution control, Water quality management,
Models, Environmental protection, "Chesapeake Bay
Program, "Advisorycommittees.
PB87-206066/HSU	PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Municipal Waste Combustion Study.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Sep 87,1454p-in 9v*
Set includes PB87-206074 through PB87-206157.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste and Emergen-
cy Response.
No abstract available.
Keywords: "Municipal wastes, "Combustion, "Waste
disposal, Emissions, Solid waste disposal, Industries,
Costs, Sampling, Analysis, Hazardous materials,
Health risks, "Air pollution control, Monitoring.
PB87-206074/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Municipal Waste Combustion Study: Report to
Congress. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
S. Greene. Jun87,172p* EPA/530/SW-87/021A
Contract EPA-68-01 -7053
See also PB87-206082. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response.
The report to Congress is in response to Section 102
of the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments
(HSWA) of 1984. Section 102 of HSWA requires that
the EPA provide a report to Congress describing: (1)
the current data and information available on emis-
sions of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins from re-
source recovery facilities burning municipal solid
waste; (2) any significant risks to human health posed
by these emissions; and (3) operating practices appro-
priate for controlling these emissions. EPA expanded
the scope of the report to cover additional pollutants
emitted from municipal waste combustors and all avail-
able pollution control techniques. The report provides
an overview of the entire municipal waste combustion
study. The report discusses the numbers and types of
existing and projected facilities; estimates of emis-
sions; options for controlling emissions; risks from
emissions and potential for control; costs; and sam-
pling, analysis, and monitoring of emissions.
Keywords: "Municipal wastes, "Combustion, "Waste
disposal, Emissions, Solid waste disposal, Costs,
Sampling, Analysis, Hazardous materials, "Air pollu-
tion control, Health risks, Monitoring.
PB87-206O82/HSU	PC A1S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Municipal Waste Combustion Study: Emission
Data Base for Municipal Waste Combustors. Final
rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Raleigh, NC.
P. Schindler. Jun 87,332p* EPA/530/SW-87/012B
See also PB87-206074, and PB87-206090. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
The report describes an emission data base compiled
from test reports for Municipal Waste Combustors
(MWCs) in the U.S., Canada, Japan, and Europe.
These emission data are presented in a format that
allows comparison and analysis in order to identify, to
the extent of available data, the emission levels of or-
ganic compounds (including polychlorinated dibenzo-
p-dioxin (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofuran
(PCDF)), metals, acid gases, and criteria pollutants
that have been achieved from MWC's on a commercial
scale. The available operating conditions and control
techniques associated with the lowest emission levels
for each pollutant of concern identified.
Keywords: "Municipal wastes, "Combustion, "Waste
disposal, Data bases, Emissions, Solid waste disposal,
Costs, Sampling, Analysis, Hazardous materials, "Air
pollution control, Health risks, Monitoring.
PB87-206090/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Municipal Waste Combustion Study: Combustion
Control of Organic Emissions. Final rept.,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
J. Kilgroe. Jun 87,223p* EPA/530/SW-87/021C
Contract EPA-6S-02-4247
See also PB87-206082, and PB87-206108. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
The report discusses the combustion practices ex-
pected to result in decreased emissions of organic
compounds from municipal waste combustion facili-
ties. The objectives of the study were: To determine
the current state of combustion control of municipal
solid waste combustion technology; To formulate a
combustion control strategy based upon 'best engi-
neering practice' that will minimize the emission of
trace organics from waste-to-energy plants; to define
the research which is necessary to develop and verify
this combustion control strategy. Although the focus of
the study was concerned with the best combustion
practices which will minimize the emissions of organ-
ics, including polychorinated dibenzo (p) dioxin and
furans (PCDDs/PCDFs), the interrelationship with
other pollutants such as particulate matter, metals,
NOx, other organics, and carbon monoxide was also
considered. The study focused on the design of new
units and the operation and monitoring of new and ex-
isting units from the viewpoint of the combustor/boiler
subsystem. The report discusses current technologies
for mass-burn refuse- derived -fuel, and starved-air
combustions, and the strategies for achieving im-
proved, combustion from these technologies.
Keywords: "Municipal wastes, "Combustion, "Waste
disposal, Emissions, Solid waste disposal, Costs,
Sampling, Analysis, Hazardous materials, "Air pollu-
tion control, Health risks. Monitoring.
PB87-206108/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Waste Combustion Study: Flue Gas
Cleaning Technology. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
T. G. Bina, and C. B. Sedman. Jun 87,83p" EPA/503/
SW-87/021D
See also PB87-206090, and PB87-206116. Prepared
in cooperation with Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineer-
ing Research Lab.
The report discusses post-combustion pollution con-
trol systems applicable to municipal waste combustion
facilities. It describes each generic control system,
design and operating considerations, and control ef-
fectiveness on selected pollutants. Control systems
are discussed for particulate matter control, gaseous
controls, and the more advanced multipollutant control
systems. The report summarizes the effectiveness of
the control systems for particulate matter, selected
acid gases, selected organic pollutants, and selected
trace heavy metals. Since the data from commercial
municipal solid waste incinerators are limited, pilot
plant data were also considered in reporting the con-
trol effectiveness of some pollutants. The report also
addresses the operation and maintenance of flue gas
cleaning systems.
Keywords: "Flue gases, "Municipal wastes, "Combus-
tion, "Waste disposal, Emissions, Solid waste dispos-
al, Costs, Sampling, Analysis, Hazardous materials,
"Air pollution control, Health risks, Monitoring.
PB87-206116/HSU	PC AO0/MF A01
Municipal Waste Combustion Study: Costs of Fiue
Gas Cleaning Technologies. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
M. Johnston. Jun 87,120p* EPA/530/SW-87/021E
See also PB87-206108, and PB87-206124. Prepared
in cooperation with Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The report is an assessment of emission control costs
for municipal waste combustors (MWCs). The details
of the cost estimates, including their development,
components, and cost premises, are addressed. A
model plant approach was used in the sizing and cost-
ing of the emission control systems. Due to differences
in the feed waste characteristics, combustion param-
eters, and emissions, separate cost estimates were re-
quired for mass burning (MB), modular (MOD), refuse-
derived fuel (RDF), and fluid bed combustion (FBC)
type furnaces. Cost estimates were developed for con-
trol of particulate matter (PM) emissions only and for
control of both acid gas and PM emissions from the
MWC model plants. Controlled PM emission levels of
0.03, 0.02, and 0.01 gr/dscf, corrected to 12 percent
C02, and 90 and 70 percent reductions of HC1 and
S02, respectively, were used to develop the control
cost estimates. Costs were developed using the cost
information received from a number of air pollution
control equipment manufacturers.
Keywords: 'Municipal wastes, 'Combustion, "Waste
disposal, Emissions, Solid waste disposal, Costs,
Sampling, Analysis, Hazardous materials, 'Flue gas
cleaning, 'Air pollution control, Health risks, Monitor-
ing.
PB87-206124/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Municipal Waste Combustion Study: Sampling and
Analysis of Municipal Waste Combustors. Final
rept.,
Little (Arthur D ), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
L. Johnson. Jun 87,130p* EPA/530/SW-87/021F
Contract EPA-68-01-7266
See also PB87-206116, and PB87-206140.Portions of
this document are not fully legible. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
The purpose of the document is to provide guidance
on sampling and analysis methods to assist federal,
state, and local environmental authorities in reviewing
plans for operations and testing of MSW combustors.
The sampling and analysis procedures outlined here
are intended to represent state-of-the-art methods that
may be useful in determining the regulatory compli-
ance status of MSW incineration facilities and in as-
sessing their environmental impacts. These same
methods may be useful in research and development
programs related to MSW combustion technology,
standard setting, etc.
Keywords: 'Municipal wastes, 'Combustion, 'Waste
disposal, Emissions, Solid waste disposal, Costs,
Sampling, Analysis, Hazardous materials, 'Air pollu-
tion control, Health risks. Monitoring.
PB87-206132/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Municipal Waste Combustion Study: Assessment
of Health Risks Associated with Municipal Waste
Combustion Emissions. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. H. Cleverly. Sep 87,232p* RAD-87-239-001 -29,
EPA/530/SW-87/021G
Contract EPA-68-02-4330
See also PB87-206157. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response.
The report is an analysis of potential human health
risks and environmental effects associated with pollut-
ants emitted to the air from both existing as well as
planned municipal waste combustors in the U.S. Quan-
titative cancer risk assessment was restricted to direct
inhalation of organic and metal emissions. Limited
analysis of indirect exposure pathways, e.g., ingestion
and dermal absorption, was performed to qualitatively
determine the importance of this exposure relative to
direct inhalation. Potential welfare effects were also
evaluated. This effort was in support of a regulatory
determination of municipal waste combustor emis-
sions under the Clean Air Act. Pollutants considered in
the analysis included: polychlorinated dioxins and di-
benzofurans, chlorophenols, chlorobenzenes, formal-
dehyde, polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, hexava-
lent chromium, lead, mercury, and hydrogen chloride.
Keywords: 'Municipal wastes, 'Combustion, "Waste
disposal, Emissions, Solid waste disposal. Industries,
848 Vol. 90, No. 24
Costs, Sampling, Analysis, Hazardous materials,
Health risks, 'Air pollution control, Monitoring.
PB87-206140/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Municipal Waste Combustion Study: Characteriza-
tion of the Municipal Waste Combustion Industry.
Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. Morrison. Jun 87,97p* EPA/530/SW-87/021H
Contract EPA-66-02-4330
See also PB87-206124, and PB87-206157. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
The report assesses future trends in MWC use by in-
vestigating current and projected levels of municipal
waste generation. In projecting the need for new MWC
facilities, attempts were made to define the probable
configurations (including emission controls) and loca-
tions of future sources. The time frame for the charac-
terization of trends in the MWC industry is generally
the present through 1995, with limited data being avail-
able for the period to 2000. Included in the analysis of
potential MWC growth are: an assessment of the exist-
ing and predicted quantities of municipal waste gener-
ated nationally; an assessment of the impact of land
disposal programs on MWC demand; an assessment
of factors such as pending air emission or solid waste
regulations affecting resource recovery of municipal
wastes; a description of the existing MWC industry and
its effect on future growth.
Keywords: 'Municipal wastes, "Combustion, 'Waste
disposal, Emissions, Solid waste disposal, Industries,
Costs, Sampling, Analysis, Hazardous materials, "Air
pollution control. Health risks. Monitoring.
PB87-206157/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Municipal Waste Combustion Study: Recycling of
Solid Waste. Final rept..
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. Cheverly. Jun 87, 65p* EPA/530/SW-87/0211
Contract EPA-68-02-4330
See also PB87-206140. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response.
In the report, background information on recycling, its
status in the United States and abroad, and its techni-
cal feasibility are examined. Also, because recycling is
expected to be an integral part of a solid waste man-
agement plan that includes combustion, potential ef-
fects on combustion of removing materials from the
waste are considered. The report is designed to
convey a sense of the current status of recycling and
its technical feasibility, rather than to embody compre-
hensive authoritative reference material. Subjects ad-
dressed in the report include the current extent of recy-
cling in the United States and in several other coun-
tries; feasibility of recycling; methods for separation of
materials; information on uses and markets for recov-
ered materials; and questions concerning the effects
of recycling activities on combustion processes.
Keywords; "Municipal wastes, "Combustion, 'Waste
disposal, Emissions, Solid waste disposal, Industries,
Costs, Sampling, Analysis, Hazardous materials, 'Re-
cycling, "Air pollution control, Health risks, Monitoring.
PB87-206165/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Alternate Concentration Limit Guidance. Part 1.
ACL Policy and Information Requirements. Interim
rept. (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Jul 87,129p EPA/530/SW-87/017
The document provides guidance to RCRA facility
permit applicants and writers concerning the establish-
ment of ACLs. To obtain an ACL, a permit applicant
must demonstrate that the hazardous constituents de-
tected in the ground-water will not pose a substantial
present or potential hazard to human health or the en-
vironment at the ACL levels. ACLs are granted through
the permit process under Parts 264 and 270, and are
established in the context of the facility GWPS. The 19
factors or criteria, that are used to evaluate ACL re-
quests are listed in Section 264.94(b) of the regulation.
Detailed information on each of these criteria is not re-
quired in every ACL demonstration, because each
demonstration requires different types and amounts of
information, depending on the site-specific character-
istics. A separate chapter of the document is devoted
to each of these criteria. The criteria are briefly dis-
cussed, along with the type, quantity, and quality of in-
formation that should be provided, depending on the
site-specific characteristics.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Water pollution,
"Ground water, Policies, Requirements, Information!
Health risks. Contamination, Surface water, Rainfall'
Hydrogeology, 'Alternate concentration limits.
PB87-206199/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Experiences with Granular Activated Carbon Fil-
tration On-Site Reactivation at Jefferson Pariah,
Louisiana,
Jefferson Parish Dept. of Public Utilities, LA.
W. J. Koffskey, and B. W. Lykins. Jul 87, 32p EPA/
600/D-87/217
Grant EPA-CS-806925
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati,
OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Under a jointly funded cooperative agreement with
U.S. EPA, three 1-mgd granular activated carbon
(GAC) adsorbers and a reactivation pilot facility were
constructed at Jefferson Parish, Louisiana. The project
objectives were to assess the economic impact of re-
moving trace organic contaminants from lower Missis-
sippi River drinking water and to evalulate the utility of
the infrared reactivation furnace for repeated reactwQ-
tion of GAC. While on-site reactivation was not free of
problems, reactivated GAC was essentially equivalent
to virgin GAC, the volumetric GAC transport and reacti-
vation loss was 9%, and, while low levels of some re-
activation by-products were observed, the maximum
risk level associated with these levels was minimal at 3
in 1 billion. Approximately $2.2 million (1983 dollars)
was required for design and construction of the facility
The operation and maintenance cost for the facility
was about 14 cents/1,000 gal for a 20 min. empty bed
contact time and a 3-month GAC reactivation cycle.
Keywords: "Activated carbon treatment, 'Adsorption,
Filtration, Activation, Chemical removal(Water treat-
ment), Economic impact, Mississippi River, Water
treatment, Reprints, 'Granular bed filters.
Jefferson(Louisiana).
PB87-206306/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Advisories for 25 Organics (Including Ac-
rylamlde, Benzene, Carbon Tetrachloride, Chloro-
benzene, Dichlorobenzene(s), 1,2-dlchloroethan*.
1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethylene, Cla-1,2-
dichloroethylene, Trans- 1,2-dichloro-ethylen*.
Dlchloromethane, P-dioxane, Dioxln, Eplchlorohy-
drln, Ethylbenzene, Ethylene glycol, Hexachloro-
bezene, Hexane, Methyl ethyl ketone, Styrene, Te-
trachloroethylene, Toluene, 1,1,1-trichloroetharw,
Trichloroethyiene, Vlnylchlorlde, Xylenes.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Drinking Water.
Mar 87,19p*
See also PB86-118338.
These documents summarize the health effects of 25
organics including: acrylamide, benzene, carbon tetra-
chloride, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene(s), 1,2-dich-
loroethane, 1,1-dichloroethylene, cis-1,2-dichloroethv-
lene, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, dichloromethane jL
dioxane, dioxin, epichlorohydrin, ethylbenzene, ethyl-
ene glycol, hexachlorobenzene, hexane, methyl ethvl
ketone, styrene, tetrachloroethylene, toluene, 1,1 f.
trichloroethane, trichloroethyiene, vinyl chloride xy-
lenes. Topics discussed include: General Information
and Properties, Pharmacokinetics, Health Effects in
Humans and Animals, Quantification of Toxicologic*)
Effects, Other Criteria Guidance and Standards! An*,
lytical Methods and Treatment Technologies. ' -
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water quality, 'Toxicol,
ogy, 'Chemical compounds, 'Drinking water, 'Water
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-206488/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
PM10 SIP (State implementation Plan) Develop-
ment Guideline.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jun 87, 163p EPA/450/2-86/001
The guideline document was prepared to describe the
actions that must be taken by State and local air pollu-
tion control agencies to develop SIPs that demon-
strate attainment and maintenance of the PM10 Na-
tional Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS). The
guideline describes how to: (1) demonstrate attain-
ment of the PM10 NAAQS; (2) determine the size of an
area exceeding the NAAQS; (3) select a receptor or
dispersion model; (4) prepare an emission inventory;
and (5) determine a control strategy design concentra-
tion. The guideline also discusses ambient PM10 mon-
itoring requirements and data usage and EPA's poli-
cies for making the transition from a SIP designed to
protect total suspended particulates (TSP) standards
to one designed to protect PM10 standards.
Keywords: * Air pollution, "State government, Local
government, Air quality, Dispersing, Models, Emis-
sions, Chemical analysis, Guidelines, 'Environmental
monitoring, *Air pollution sampling, "Particulate sam-
pling, NAAQS(National ambient air quality standard).
PB87-206496/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Protocol for Applying and Validating the CMB
(Chemical Mass Balance) Model,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
T. G. Pace, and J. G. Watson. May 87,74p EPA/450/
4-87/010
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ. System,
Reno. Desert Research Inst.
The protocol is intended to supplement the User's
Manual for the CMB model by providing technical guid-
ance as follows: assessing the general applicability of
the CMB model to the situation under study; configur-
ing the model with appropriate sources, source pro-
files, and chemical species concentrations at receptor
sites; examining model statistics and diagnostics; de-
termining agreement with model assumptions; identify-
ing problems, changing the model configuration and
rerunning; testing the consistency and stability of
model results; and evaluating the validity of model re-
sults.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Chemical analysis, Sources,
Models, Least squares method. Proving, Protocols,
Manuals, "CMB model, "Air pollution detection, "Envi-
ronmental monitoring, "Air quality data, "Aerometric
and emissions reporting system.
PB87-206504/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Protocol for Reconciling Differences among Re-
ceptor and Dispersion Models.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Monitoring and Data Analysis Div.
Mar 87, 44p EPA/450/4-87/008
The PM10 SIP Development Guideline, EPA-450/2-
86-001, prepared by the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA), recommends that both dispersion
models (DM) and receptor models, primarily the Chem-
ical Mass Balance (CMB) model, be used to determine
the contributing sources. When two or more independ-
ent methods, such as DM and CMB, are used to devel-
op estimates for the contributing sources, differences
are bound to occur. The protocol consists of an eight
step procedure for examining and reconciling differ-
ences in model estimates in a systematic, justifiable
way. The steps outline a procedure for intercompari-
son of results, model refinement, recomparison, and
development of final model estimates.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Dispersions, Mathematical
models. Emission, Guidelines, Sources, States(United
States), Air quality data, Receptor models, Environ-
mental monitoring, Particulate sampling.
PB87-206637/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Chesapeake Bay Program: Findings and Recom-
mendations. Summary rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, PA.
Region III.
Sep 83, 56p
The report describes in summary form: The Chesa-
peake Bay (ecological processes, population, and use
trends); the 1983 state of the Chesapeake Bay (living
resources, water quality, nutrients, toxics); and pro-
poses a framework for action to solve the Chesa-
peake's problems (monitoring, Bay management, and
the CBP's role).
Keywords: "Estuaries, "Environmental surveys,
"Water pollution, Monitors, Water resources,
Waterways(Water courses), Bays(Topographic fea-
tures), Food chains, "Chesapeake Bay, Ecology,
Aquatic ecosystems, Ecosystems, Water manage-
ment.
PB87-206793/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Federal Radiation Protection Guidance for Occu-
pational Exposure: Response to Comments.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Jan 86, 201p* EPA/520/1-84/011
The U.S. Environment Protection Agency responds in
the report to comments received on proposed Federal
radiation protection guidance for occupational expo-
sure (46 F.R. 7836, January 23,1981). An attempt was
made to include all of the substanive comments re-
ceived in writing and in public hearings. The Agency's
response follows each of the comments.
Keywords: "Radiation protection, "Guidelines, Permis-
sible dosage, Regulations. "Radiation doses. Occupa-
tional safety and health, ALARA.
PB87-207437/HSU	PC A11 /MF A01
Final Rule for Radon-222 Emissions from Li-
censed Uranium Mill Tailings - Economic Analysis.
Final rept.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Aug 86, 239p* EPA/520/1-86/010
The report presents the findings of an economic analy-
sis of alternative proposed work practices for control-
ling radon - 222 emissions during the operation of li-
censed uranium mills. It gives descriptions of proposed
alternative work practices for controlling radon - 222
emissions from tailings impoundments and estimates
of the benefits and costs of these alternative work
practices. It also discusses the probable economic im-
ports of the proposed rules and consideration of the fi-
nancial impacts of the proposed rule on the owners of
existing and future mills, and the consumers of nuclear
generated electricity.
Keywords: "Regulations, Economic impact, Benefit
cost analysis, Operations, Radon isotopes, Pollution,
Environmental impact, "Radon 222, "Uranium mills,
"Mill tailings, "Air pollution abatement, Health hazards.
PB87-207569/HSU	PC A11 / MF A01
Final Rule for Radon-222 Emissions from Li-
censed Uranium Mill Tailings. Background Infor-
mation Document. Final rept.,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington. DC.
Aug86,226p EPA/520/1-86/009
The background information report summarizes the
health effects of radon - 222 and the risk assessment
procedure. It describes the source of radon - 222 emis-
sions. Estimates of radon - 222 emissions from the ex-
isting tailings impoundments are presented. The base-
line ihdustry risk assessment for individuals, regional
and national populations and the control techniques
and work practices that can be used to reduce radon -
222 emissions are described. The resulting emissions
after application of these control methods are estimat-
ed and a comparison of work practices, costs and ef-
fectiveness is presented.
Keywords: "Health hazards, "Uranium mills, "Mill tail-
ings, "Radon 222, Radiation doses, Environmental
transport, Atmospheric dispersion, Radioactive waste
disposal.
PB87-207700/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision E,
Hazard Evaluation: Wildlife and Aquatic Orga-
nisms. Aquatic Testing for Marlne/Estuarlne and
Freshwater Fish and Invertebrates (Addendum 2
on Data Reporting),
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
C. E. Laird. Dec 86, 74p* EPA/540/9-87/198
See also PB83-153908.
The Data Reporting Guideline (ORG) for Aquatic Test-
ing for Marine/Estuarine and Freshwater Fish and In-
vertebrates, Series 72-1 to 72-5, gives guidance to
pesticide registrants on the format for their study
report so that the Agency can review it efficiently. It
clarifies sections in the existing Pesticides Assess-
ment Guidelines, Subdivision E, on data reporting and
provides an outline for study reports and describes the
topics and the order in which they should be ad-
dressed. This DRG actually contains guidance for re-
ports on nine topics: 72-1, Acute Toxicity Test for
Freshwater Fish; 72-2, Acute Toxicity Test for Fresh-
water Aquatic Invertebrates; 72-3, Acute Toxicity Test
for Shrimp; 72-3, Acute Toxicity Test for Estuarine and
Marine Fish; 72-3, Oyster Embryo Test; 72-3, Shell
Deposition Study for Oyster; 72-4, Fish Early Life-
Stage; 72-4, Aquatic Invertebrate Life-Cycle; and 72-5,
Life-Cycle Tests for Fish. Data submitters can use the
DFIG in preparing their reports for submission to EPA
to meet 40 CFR 158 requirements for the registration
of pesticides.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Guidelines, Environmental
surveys, Fishes, Wildlife, Tests, Toxicity, Reporting,
Bioaccumulation.
PB87-208336/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Waste Incineration and Emission Control Tech-
nologies,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
T. G. Brna, and C. B. Sedman. Jul 87, 21 p* EPA/600/
D-87/147-S
Supersedes PB87-191623.
The paper gives results of a survey of available waste
incineration and emission control technologies in the
U.S., Japan, and Western Europe. Increasing concern
over landfills as a waste management option and the
decreasing availability of sites have focused attention
on incineration for destruction of hazardous wastes
and volume reduction of other wastes in the U.S. Incin-
eration requires the control of air pollutant emissions,
which can be minimized by combining in-furnace and
post-combustion control technologies. Since future
potential regulation of both hazardous air pollutants
and acid rain precursors may cause extensive retrofit
or early termination of existing waste incineration in-
stallations, planning for new or modified installations
should recognize the various control technologies
available in order to minimize future outlays if regula-
tions are tightened.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "incineration, "Waste
disposal, Incinerators, Japan, Toxicity, Western
Europe, United States, Hazardous wastes, Stationary
sources.
PB87-208344/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
New Look at Physiologic Respiratory Response
to H2S Poisoning. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
H. M. Ammann. Jul 87,13p EPA/600/D-87/219
Ever since Heymans elucidated the controlling role of
the carotid bodies in the reflex governing ventilation,
researchers have puzzled over the seeming paradox
presented by the action of hydrogen sulfide on the
nervous system. While the dominant effect is a depres-
sion of function, manifested as a paralysis of ventila-
tion and loss of the sense of smell, the neural recep-
tors of the carotid and aortic bodies appear stimulated.
The immediate effect of sublethal doses of H2S is on
these receptors, resulting in hyperpnea. The paper re-
solves the paradox by examining the described effect
in the light of the cellular mechanism of action of H2S.
This poison most rapidly affects the intracellular mito-
chondical enzyme cytochrome oxidase, interfering
with the transfer of electrons and hydrogen ions to
oxygen, thus blocking oxidative metabolism. The che-
mosensors associated with ventilatory control are pri-
marily sensitive to partial pressure (p02) of oxygen in
blood flowing through the carotid sinuses and the
aortic arch. Normally hyperpnea is instigated with the
p02 fails into the 60-30 mm Hg range. Halting oxida-
tive metabolism through H2S poisoning has the same
effect as a decrease in oxygen supply, so that hyperp-
nea is the initial response of sublethal H2S intoxica-
tion.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Hydrogen sulfide, *Lung, Cells(Biology),
Cytochrome oxidase, Enzymes, * Air pollution
effects(Humans).
PB87-208351/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Development of a Sampling System for Surface
Dust-Borne Contaminants,
Environmetrics, Seattle, WA.
M. G. Ruby, J. W. Roberts, R. W. Boubel, and R. G.
Lewis. Jul 87,17p EPA/600/D-87/220
Contract EPA-68-02-4406
Prepared in cooperation with Engineering Plus, Seat-
tle, WA., and CS3, Bend, OR. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
A useful sampling technique should have a known and
reproducible removal rate of dust on various surfaces
and be able to achieve a relatively constant efficiency
at different loadings of surface dust accumulation. In
addition, the procedure should be able to collect and
measure the low and medium volatility organics which
are expected to be found on dust particles. Finally, the
data collected should be capable of being compared
to the actual dust uptake by a test subject. The paper
reports on the development of a sampler designed to
meet these objectives.
Keywords: *Dust collectors, *Air pollution, 'Public
health, Dust control, Dust, Air filters, Separators, "Par-
ticulate sampling, "Air pollution sampling, "Dusts.
PB87-208369/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Use of Rapid Small-Scale Column Tests to Predict
Full-Scale Adsorption Capacity and Performance,
Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton.
D. W. Hineline, J. C. Crittenden, and D. W. Hand. Jul
87, 24p EPA/600/D-87/218
Grant EPA-R-811109
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Concern over the long term health effects of trace
quantities of synthetic organic chemicals (SOC) found
in many U.S. community drinking water sources has
prompted an intense research effort to find economi-
cal and effective removal processes. A rapid-method
for the design of full-scale fixed bed adsorbers from
small-column studies, known as the small-scale
column test (RSSCT) has been developed. The scope
of the study was to design and conduct a RSSCT at
the pilot plant well site in Suffolk County, New York, to
stimulate a long period of pilot plant operation. RSSCT
is a promising technique for determining full-scale ad-
sorber performance but further research is needed on
the effect of TOC preloading on the RSSCT process
and the field comparison of the RSSCT with full-scale
plants to establish its ability to predict full-scale per-
formance.
Keywords: "Adsorption, "Water treatment, Models,
"Beds(Process engineering), Activated carbon treat-
ment, Potable water, Chemical removal(Water treat-
ment), 'Synthetic organic chemicals, *RSSCT(Rapid
Small Scale Column Test), Suffolk County(New York).
PB87-208377/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
. angle Park, NC.
' Cloud Condensation Nuclei Measurements within
Clouds. Journal article,
Nevada Univ. System, Reno. Desert Research Inst.
J. G. Hudson. C1984, 13p EPA/600/J-84/404
Pub. in Jnl. of Climate and Applied Meteorology, v23
n1 p42-51 Jan 84. Sponsored by Environmental Sci-
ences Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Measurements of the spectra of cloud condensation
nuclei (CCN) within and near the boundaries of clouds
are presented. Some of the in-cloud measurements
excluded the nuclei within cloud droplets (interstitial
CCN) white others included all nuclei inside the cloud
(total CCN). The difference between these spectra can
be used to determine which nuclei are involved in
cloud droplets. The vast majority of the data indicate
that droplets are more likely to be grown on nuclei with
lower critical supersaturations as predicted by classi-
cal theory. This technique is introduced as a possible
tool for investigating the effects of mixing on the evolu-
850 Vol. 90, No. 24
tion of the droplet spectra. (Copyright (c) 1984 Ameri-
can Meteorological Society.)
Keywords: Measurement, 'Clouds(Meteorology),
"Cloud physics, 'Condensing, Models,
Precipitation(Meteorology), 'Drops(Liquids), Cumulus
clouds, Supersaturation, Reprints.
PB87-208385/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Report on the Status of Chemicals in the Special
Review Program, Registration Standards Pro-
gram, and Data Call-In Program,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
S. D. Hobgood. 31 Mar87,103p EPA/540/09-87/197
The publication contains: (1) an alphabetical listing of
all chemicals which have been, or are being, handled
under the Special Review Process, (2) an alphabetical
listing of the chemicals which have been through or
are now active in the Registration Standard Develop-
ment Process, and (3) identification by cluster of the
chemicals which have been through or are being proc-
essed in the Data Call-In Program. The listing is intend-
ed to give the dates and status of a chemical and is up-
dated semi-annually. Users of the document are en-
couraged to contact the appropriate Product Manager
(PM) or Branch Chief, as noted, if they have any ques-
tions regarding the entries in this listing.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Registration, Chemicals,
Standards, Risk, Benefits, Reviews.
PB87-208393/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision N,
Chemistry: Environmental Fate. Terrestrial Field
Dissipation Studies (Addendum 2 on Data Report-
ing),
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
S. M. Creeger. Dec 86, 14p* EPA/540/9-87/200
See also PB83-153973.
The Data Reporting Guideline (DRG) for Terrestrial
Field Dissipation Studies, Series 164-1, gives guidance
to pesticide registrants on the format for their study
report so that the Agency can review it efficiently. This
guidance clarifies sections in the existing Pesticides
Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision N, on data report-
ing. It provides an outline for the study report and de-
scribes the topics which should be addressed such as
the composition of the product used, characterization
of the site, description of the handling and analysis of
samples, etc. and provides guidance on the presenta-
tion of the results of the study. Data submitters can use
the DRG in preparing their reports for submission to
EPA to meet 40 CFR 158 requirements for the registra-
tion of pesticides. The DRG for Series 164-1, Terrestri-
al Field Dissipation is only one of a number of DRG's
published by the National Technical Information Serv-
ice as an addendum to Subdivision N of the Pesticide
Assessment Guidelines.
Keywords:	"Pesticides,	"Guidelines,
Concentration(Composition), Environmental surveys.
Assessments, Degradation, Metabolism, Transport
properties, "Path of pollutants, Bioaccumulation,
"Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act.
PB87-208641/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision 0,
Hazard Evaluation: Residue Chemlstrc. Nature of
the Residue: Plants (Addendum 3 on Data Report-
fng).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
M. F. Kovacs. Dec86,19p* EPA/540/9-87/199
See also PB83-153981.
The Data Reporting Guideline (DRG) for Nature of the
Residue: Plants, Series 171-4 (a)(1)&(2), gives guid-
ance to pesticide registrants on the format for their
study report so that the Agency can review it efficient-
ly. This guidance clarifies sections in the existing Pesti-
cides Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision O, on data
reporting. It provides an outline for the siudy report and
describes the topics which should be addressed such
as application of radiolabeled materials, identification
of residue components, degradation pathways, valida-
tion of enforcement methodology, etc. and provides
guidance on the presentation of the results of the
study. Data submitters can use the DRG in preparing
their reports for submission to EPA to meet 40 CFR
158 requirements for the registration of pesticides. The
DRG for Series 171-4 (a)(1)&(2), Nature of the Resi-
due: Plants is only one of a number of DRG's pub-
lished by the National Technical Information Service
as an addendum to Subdivision O of the Pesticide As-
sessment Guidelines.
Keywords: 'Plants(Botany), "Residues, "Pesticides,
Guidelines, Assessments, Public health, Reporting!
Data, "Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act, "Federai
Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, Pesticide
residues.
PB87-208658/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Stationary Source Compliance Div.
Pilot Project to Demonstrate the Feasibility of a
State Continuous Emission Monitoring System
(CEMS) Regulatory Program. Summary Report,
Engineering-Science, Fairfax, VA.
P. Quarles, and J. W. Peeler. Jun 86,45p* EPA/340/
1-86/007
Contract EPA-68-02-3960
Prepared in cooperation with Quarles (Perrin) Associ-
ates, Inc., Charlottesville, VA., and Entropy Environ-
mentalists, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, DC. Stationary Source Compliance Div.
The report describes a pilot project to demonstrate the
feasibility of a State CEMS regulatory program in Mis-
souri and Iowa. With the cooperation ot the State
agencies, EPA regional offices and major utility com-
panies, the project successfully demonstrated the
technical reliability of CEMS and the potential for suc-
cessful CEMS program implementation in these
States. The purpose of the report is to disseminate in-
formation on the pilot project findings and recommen-
dations to other air pollution agencies. The report sum-
marizes the project approach and major findings and
recommendations which resulted from the four year
study. Specific findings include the technical feasibility
of CEMS and the potential usefulness of CEMS's as a
surveillance aid to a State air pollution control agency.
Specific recommendations for CEMS program imple-
mentation include recommendations for excess emis-
sion report review, quality assurance, audits, and the
use CEMS data by the utility industry.
Keywords: "Monitors, Performance evaluation, Quality
assurance, Comparison, Air pollution, "Continuous
emission monitoring systems, Air pollution detection.
PB87-208682/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Turbulent Diffusion Behind Vehicles: Evaluation
of Roadway Models. Journal article,
New York State Dept. of Environmental Conservation
Albany.
S. T. Rao, G. Sistla, R. E. Eskridge, and W. B.
Petersen. C1986,11 p EPA/600/J-86/384
Grant EPA-R-810475
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v20 n6 p1095-1103
1986. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric
Sciences Research Lab.
The paper presents a statistical evaluation of three
highway air pollution models (CALINE 3, HIWAY-2
and ROADWAY) using the tracer data from the Gener-
al Motors Sulfate Dispersion Experiment. The boot-
strap resampling procedure is used to quantify the vari-
ability in the observed concentrations due to the sto-
chastic nature of the atmosphere. The results suggest
that the variability in the observations due to the
random nature of the atmosphere is about 30%
Therefore, if the predicted values are within 30% of the
measured concentrations, the differences between
model predictions and observations should not be
considered to be significant. Comparisons of the
model predictions paired and unpaired in time with
measurements suggest that HIWAY-2 and ROADWAY
perform best, but the performance of CAUNE 3 is ac-
ceptable. Application of the extreme value theory and
the bootstrap resampling procedure to the modeled
and measured data (unpaired) shows that all three
models are capable of predicting the extreme concen-
trations within the model performance criteria set forth
above.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Exhaust emissions.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
analysis, "Highway transportation, Atmospheric com-
position, Concentration(Composition), Reprints,
'Automobile exhaust, Air pollution sampling, Bootstrap
model, Tracer studies.
PB87-208690/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
New York State Dept. of Environmental Conservation,
Albany.
Turbulent Diffusion Behind Vehicles: Experimen-
tally Determined Turbulence Mixing Parameters.
Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
R. E. Eskridge, and S. T. Rao. c1986,12p EPA/600/J-
86/385
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v20 n5 p851-860
1986. Sponsored by New York State Dept. of Environ-
mental Conservation, Albany.
The wake of a moving vehicle was simulated using a
specially constructed wind tunnel with a moving floor.
A 'blocked-shaped' model vehicle was fixed in position
over the test-section floor while the floor moved at the
freestream air speed to produce a uniform, shear-free,
approach flow. This simulates an automobile traveling
along a straight highway under calm atmospheric con-
ditions. Vertical and lateral profiles of tracer gas con-
centration were obtained in the wake. Profiles were
taken at distances of 30, 45, and 60 model heights
downwind. The equations describing the wake theory
were solved numerically to determine the 'best' turbu-
lence scale lengths by using a wind tunnel taken at 30
model heights downwind as the inflow boundary condi-
tion and comparing the numerical computation made
at 60 heights downwind to the wind tunnel data taken
at this location. It was found that the 'best' scale
lengths were the vehicle width along and across the
wake, and height above the surface in the vertical di-
rections, respectively. (Copyright (c) Atmospheric En-
vironment Vol. 20, No. 5, pp. 851-860,1986.)
Keywords: "Automobiles, "Exhaust emissions, Wind
tunnel models, Air pollution, Wakes, Eddies, Ground
vehicles, "Turbulent diffusion, "Automobile exhaust,
ROADWAY model.
PB87-208708/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Regeneration of Refrigerated Methanol in Condi-
tioning Gases from Coal. Final rept. Jun 84-Oct 85,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. Dept. of Chemi-
cal Engineering.
J. K. Ferrell, J. S. Staton, R. W. Rousseau, and K. J.
Carnes. Jun 87, 110p EPA/600/7-87/017
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of an examination of various
methods of solvent regeneration in an acid gas remov-
al system (AGRS) coupled to a fluidized-bed gasifier.
(Research on acid gas removal using refrigerated
methanol had shown that, when a high purity gas is de-
sired as a product gas, the most critical step in the
process is solvent regeneration). The composition of
the absorber exit gas stream (the sweet gas) obtained
from each system configuration studied was used as a
basis for comparing the various schemes. For the sys-
tems studied, the ability of the acid gas removal
system to produce a conditioned gas with low levels of
H2S and C02 was found to be governed primarily by
the purity of the solvent entering the absorber, and
thus by regeneration conditions. These results are be-
lieved to be general for refrigerated methanol systems
and, together with mathematical models developed as
a part of the project, can provide a basis for selecting
an optimum configuration for an acid gas removal
system. The fate of the various trace compounds pro-
duced in the gasifier was determined, and a design
method for predicting the exit stream in which these
compounds leave the AGRS was proposed.
Keywords: "Coal gasification, Methanol, Carbinols,
Coal, Reclamation, Solvents, "Liquid vapor equilibri-
um, "Air pollution control. Stationary sources, Acid gas
removal system.
PB87-208740/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Quality Assurance Audits of the EPA (Environ-
mental Protection Agency) State-Operated Pre-
cipitation Collection Network,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
W. C. Eaton, C. E. Moore, and D. A. Ward. Jul 87,63p
EPA/600/4-87/019
Contract EPA-68-02-4125
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The document is a summary report of the findings from
quality assurance and technical assistance visits made
in 1985-86 to the 27 sites that comprise the State-Op-
erated Precipitation Network. The network is staffed
mainly by state environmental agencies and forestry
commissions. It is under the overall sponsorship of re-
gional and national offices of the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. Protocols and procedures followed
in conducting the site visits are described. Results of
systems and performance audits are discussed for
siting, collection equipment, and the field support lab-
oratories.
Keywords: "Precipitation(Meteorology), "State gov-
ernment, Quality assurance, Performance, Technical
assistance, Evaluation, "Collecting methods, Measur-
ing instruments, "State Operated Precipitation Net-
work, Environmental Protection Agency.
PB87-208757/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Carcinogenicity Assessment of Chlordane and
Heptachlor/Heptachlor Epoxide,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Carcinogen Assessment Group.
F. L. Cavender, B. T. Cook, N. P. Page, V. J. Cogliano,
and A. M. Koppikar. Dec 86,208p* EPA/600/6-87/
004
Prepared in cooperation with Dynamac Corp., Rock-
ville, MD.
Evidence pertaining to the carcinogenicity of chlor-
dane and heptachlor/heptachlor epoxide is reviewed
and evaluated. The report covers studies completed
before 1985. Case reports and epidemiologic studies
of pesticide applicators and pesticide manufacturing
workers are reviewed, but because of methodologic
limitations, these studies establish neither a positive
nor a negative association between cancer and chlor-
dane or heptachlor/heptachlor epoxide exposure. A
number of independent studies of laboratory animals,
however, demonstrates that chlordane and hepta-
chlor/heptachlor epoxide cause liver cancer in mice
and rats. Sased on the accumulated evidence, chlor-
dane and heptachlor/heptachlor epoxide are classi-
fied as probable human carcinogens, Group B2 using
EPA's Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment.
The carcinogenic potency of chlordane and hepta-
chlor/heptachlor epoxide is estimated by fitting mathe-
matical models to the laboratory animal data. These
estimates indicate that chlordane and heptachlor/hep-
tachlor epoxide are rather potent carcinogens, ranking
in the second quartile of potential carcinogens evaluat-
ed by EPA's Carcinogen Assessment Group. A sepa-
rate mutagenicity assessment of chlordane and hepta-
chlor/heptachlor epoxide is attached as an appendix
to the report. The report also includes an extensive list
of references pertinent to the carcinogenicity of chlor-
dane and heptachlor/heptachlor epoxide.
Keywords: "Malignant neoplasms, "Pesticides, Toxici-
ty, Bioassay, Laboratory animals, Liver, Exposure, Epi-
demiology, Chlorinated hydrocarbons, "Toxic sub-
stances, Carcinogenesis, Cancer, CAS 57-74-9, CAS
76-44-8, CAS 1024-57-3, "Heptachlor epoxide, "Hep-
tachlor, "Chlordane, "Occupational safety and health.
PB87-208765/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Guidance Manual for Selection and Use of Sor-
bents for Liquid Hazardous Substance Releases.
Rept. for Mar 83-Dec 84,
JRB Associates, Inc.. McLean, VA.
R. W. Melvold, and S. C. Gibson. Jul 87,165p EPA/
600/2-87/047
Contract EPA-68-03-3113
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Services, Inc., Newbury Park, CA. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
The Manual was developed to provide information for
the selection and use of sorbents for cleanup or con-
trol of liquid hazardous substances. Literature reviews,
sorbent manufacturer data, and experiences of On-
Scene Coordinators were reviewed in conjunction with
laboratory studies. The laboratory studies determined
the compatibility and sorption capacity of selected rep-
resentative hazardous liquid-sorbent pairs. The com-
bined experimental and literature data were used to
prepare the Manual. On-Scene Coordinators and their
technical support personnel are the primary target au-
dience for the Manual.
Keywords: "Manuals, "Sorbents, Hazardous materials,
Sorption, Compatibility, Cost estimates, Tests, Earth
fills.
PB87-208781/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Performance Audit Procedures for Opacity Moni-
tors,
Entropy Environmentalists, Inc., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. J. Plaisance, and J. W. Peeler. Apr 87,157p EPA/
600/8-87/025
Contracts EPA-68-02-4125, EPA-68-02-4442
Supersedes PB84-126689. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
The manual contains monitor-specific performance
audit procedures and data forms for use in conducting
audits of installed opacity continuous emission moni-
toring systems (CEMS). General auditing procedures
and acceptance limits for various audit criteria are dis-
cussed. Practical considerations and common prob-
lems encountered in conducting audits are delineated,
and recommendations are included to optimize the
successful completion of performance audits. Per-
formance audit procedures and field data forms were
developed for six common opacity CEMS: (1) Lear
Siegler, Inc. Model RM-41; (2) Lear Siegler, Inc. Model
RM-4; (3) Dynatron Model 1100; (4) Thermo Electron,
Inc. Model 400; (5) Thermo Electron, Inc. Model
1000A; and (6) Enviroplan Model D-R280 AV. Generic
audit procedures have been included for use in evalu-
ating opacity CEMS with multiple transmissometers
and combiner devices. In addition, several approaches
for evaluating the zero alignment or 'clear-path' zero
response have been described. The zero alignment
procedures have been included since the factor is fun-
damental to the accuracy of opacity monitoring data,
even though the zero alignment checks cannot usually
be conducted during a performance audit.
Keywords: "Opacity, "Air pollution, Performance eval-
uation, Auditing, Monitoring, Portable equipment.
Sites, Calibrating, Design criteria, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products.
PB87-208799/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
PCB (Polychlorinated Biphenyl) Trial Burn Report
for the U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection
Agency) Combustion Research Facility Liquid In-
jection Incinerator System,
Acurex Corp., Jefferson, AR.
J. W. Lee, T. H. Backhouse, R. W. Ross, and L. R.
Waterland. Jul 87,104p EPA/600/2-87/051
Contract EPA-68-03-3267
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The report describes a trial burn of polychlorinated bi-
phenyl (PCB) laden oil and No. 2 fuel oil injected into
the liquid incinerator at the U.S. EPA Combustion Re-
search Facility. Destruction and Removal Efficiencies
(DREs) in excess of 99.99999 percent (40CFR 761.70)
were achieved, far exceeding the requirement of
99.9999 for the PCB (Aroclor) were achieved in all test
cases. Hydrochloric acid removal efficiencies general-
ly exceeded 99.9 percent. Other emission rates of or-
ganic compounds listed in RCRA Appendix VIII were
tested and reported.
Keywords: "Combustion, "Test facilities, Hazardous
materials. Incineration, Volatility, Emission, Quality as-
surance, Tables(Data), "Polychlorinated biphenyl,
*DRE(Destruction and Removal Efficiency), "Liquid in-
jection incinerator.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-208807/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency. Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
AESF/EPA (American Electroplaters and Surface
Finishers/Environmental Protection Agency) Con-
ference on Pollution Control for the Metal Finish-
ing Industry (8th) Held at San Diego, California,
February 9-11, 1987. Final rept.,
American Electroplaters and Surface Finishers Socie-
ty, Orlando, FL.
J. H. Schumacher, and R. C. Wilmoth. Jul 87,311 p
EPA/600/9-87/012
Grant EPA-R-810787
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The 8th Annual AESF/EPA Conference and Exhibit on
Pollution Control for the Metal Finishing Industry was
held in San Diego, California, February 9, 10, and 11,
1987. The primary objective of the 8th Conference was
to continue the dialogue established by the first AESF/
EPA Conference in 1978 between key members of the
Agency and the metal finishing industry. The program
featured key EPA representatives who explained and
discussed regulatory guidelines in detail; in addition,
leading industrial experts discussed industry's efforts
to effectively address the ramifications of the EPA reg-
ulations.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Water pollution
control, * Air pollution control, "Metal finishing, 'Meet-
ings, Metal cleaning, Electroplating, Regulations, Re-
covery, Evaporators, Liabilities, Cadmium, Chromium,
Toxicity, Solvent extraction, Standards, National gov-
ernment.
PB87-208872/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Kinetics and Mechanisms of the Gas-Phase Reac-
tions of the Hydroxyl Radical with Organic Com-
pounds under Atmospheric Conditions. Journal ar-
ticle,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
R. Atkinson. c1985, 134p EPA/600/J-86/381
Pub. in Chemical Reviews, v86 n1 p69-201 1986.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
The available kinetic, mechanistic and product data for
the gas phase reactions of the OH radical with organic
compounds are discussed and evaluated with an em-
phasis upon these data under atmospheric conditions.
In addition, a-priori predictive techniques for the esti-
mation of room temperature rate constants for the re-
action of OH radicals with organics are reviewed, and a
comprehensive a-priori predictive technique is pre-
sented.
Keywords-. "Organic compounds, "Gases, "Chemical
reactions, "Air pollution, Atmospheric composition,
Reaction kinetics, Alkanes, Haloalkanes, Chloroal-
kanes, Oxygen, Aromatic compounds, Organometallic
compounds, Combustion products, Reprints, Hydroxyl
radical.
PB87-208955/HSU	PC A23/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
PIC (Products of Incomplete Combustion) Analy-
sis Methods. Final rept. Mar 84-Apr 85,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
R. H. James, L. B. Farr, R. E. Adams, and H. C. Miller.
Jun 87, 530p SORI-EAS-86-1142, EPA/600/9-87/011
Contract EPA-68-02-3696
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Re-
search Lab.
The report gives results of method evaluations for
products of incomplete combustion (PICs): 36 pro-
posed PICs were evaluated by previously developed
qas chromatography/flame ionization detection (GC/
FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy
(GC/MS) methods. It also gives results of method
evaluations of 59 additional principal organic hazard-
ous constituents (POHCs) from the amended list of
compounds from Appendix VIII of 40 CFR, Part 261.
The report contains chromatograms, bar-graph mass
spectra, and calibration curves for each compound.
Relative retention times, detection limits, precision
data, and mass spectra are tabulated for each com-
pound. The report also reviews recent literature on the
formation of PICs.
Keywords: "Combustion products, "Incinerators, "Air
pollution, "Waste disposal, Design criteria, Industrial
wastes, Pyrolysis, "Products of incomplete combus-
tion, 'Principal organic hazardous constituents.
PB87-209029/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Acid Aerosol Transport Episodes in Toronto, On-
tario,
New York Univ. Medical Center, NY. Inst, of Environ-
mental Medicine.
G. D. Thurston, and J. M, Waldman. Jul 87, 18p EPA/
600/D-87/178
Grant EPA-R-811563
Prepared in cooperation with Robert Wood Johnson
Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dept. of Environmen-
tal and Community Medicine. Sponsored by Health Ef-
fects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Authors used recently developed equipment to con-
tinuously monitor levels of H2S04, NH4HS04 and
(NH4)2S04 concentrations in the ambient air outside
Toronto, Ontario. These data were combined with 48-
hour isobaric air mass back-trajectories ending in To-
ronto on each of the four days with highest acid (and
sulfate) aerosol levels. The air masses with highest
acid levels were found to have first passed over the
S02 source region of the U.S. and then across the
Great Lakes to Toronto. The role of ammonia as a
modulator of aerosol acidity for eastern U.S. cities but
not for Toronto (where the Great Lakes serve as am-
monia sinks) is also discussed
Keywords: "Acidity, "Aerosols, 'Air pollution. Ammo-
nia, Sulfates, Sulfur oxides, Monitoring, Respiratory
diseases, Eastern Region(United States),
"Toronto(Canada), "Air pollution monitors.
PB87-209037/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Volatile Organic Hydrocarbon and Aldehyde Com-
position in Raleigh, North Carolina during the
1985 Woodsmoke Study,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
R. Zweidinger, D. Dropkin, F. Stump, S. Tejada, and R.
Drago. Jul 87,11p EPA/600/D-87/212
Initial field tests for collection of volatile organic hydro-
carbons and aldehydes under EPA's Integrated Air
Cancer Project (IACP) were held in Raleigh, NC during
the winter of 1985. Sampling was conducted during 12
hour (7:00-7:00) daytime or nighttime periods. Hydro-
carbons were collected by pressurizing 6 liter 'Summa
polished' stainless steel cylinders. Aldehydes were
collected as 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (DNPH) de-
rivatives using impingers and cartridge collection
methods. Sampling locations included the primary out-
door site located in a residential neighborhood, a rural
background site and inside and outside three homes
operating wood stoves. Non-methane hydrocarbon
levels at the primary site ranged from 150 to 850 ppbc
while total carbonyls ranged from 3 to 35 ppb (v/v).
Benzene levels ranged from 5 to 32 ppbc while formal-
dehyde levels ranged from 2-14 ppb. Hydrocarbon
levels and distributions in the homes were similar
inside and outside with a few noted exceptions. Car-
bonyl levels, however, generally were much higher
inside than outside. The elevated carbonyl levels ob-
served inside the homes is likely due to factors other
than the presence of a wood stove.
Keywords: "Hydrocarbons, "Aldehydes, 'Air pollution.
Smoke, "Air sampling, Integrated Air Cancer Project,
Raleigh(North Carolina), DNPH, Wood stoves.
PB87-20904S/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Assessment of Exposure to Developmen-
tal Toxicants,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Reproductive Effects Assessment Group.
C. A. Kimmel. Jul 87,14p EPA/600/D-87/210
In 1984, the U.S. EPA published proposed Guidelines
for the Health Assessment of Suspect Developmental
Toxicants. The assessment of data from studies on
developmental effects of chemical exposure and the
estimation of risk for humans is a difficult process. Al-
though structure/activity relationships and data from
short-term tests are often used in the risk assessment
process for assessing carcinogens, these are not
useful as the first step in developmental toxicity risk
assessment. Human epidemiological data are used, if
available, but often the only available evidence is from
animal studies. Therefore, the guidelines focus on the
evaluation of data from routine animal testing studies.
Keywords: Exposure, 'Toxic substances, 'Congenital
defects, "Health hazards, Environmental, pollutants,
Risk assessment, Toxicity, Carcinogens, Mutagens!
Chemical compounds.
PB87-209169/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division Standard Evaluation
Procedure - Fish Life-Cycle Toxicity Tests,
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Hazard Evaluation Div.
M. Rexrode, and T. M. Armitage. Jul 86,17p EPA/540/
9-87/137
The Standard Evaluation Procedure (SEP) for fish full
life-cycle testing is a document primarily intended as
guidance for Agency reviewers and the regulated in-
dustry. As a result of application for registration, pesti-
cide producers are required by 40 CFR 158.145 of the
regulations to provide fish life-cycle testing. It is intend-
ed to be used in conjunction with Subdivision E of the
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines: Hazard Evaluation -
Wildlife and Aquatic organisms. The SEP was com-
piled from ideas and methods that are being used by
EPA laboratories, private laboratories, and the ASTM
(American Society for Testing and Materials) in devel-
oping a testing procedure that will establish chronic
toxicity levels of the toxicity to fish.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Fishes, 'Minnows, "Toxicity,
Evaluation, Tests, Life cycles, Exposure, Risk, Haz-
ards, Reproduction(Biology), Larvae, Eggs, Test meth-
ods, Acclimatization, Test equipment,
Tanks(Containers),	Solvents!
Concentration(Composition), Survival, Statistical anal-
ysis.
PB87-209177/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division Standard Evaluation
Procedure -Avian Reproduction Test,
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington. VA.
Hazard Evaluation Div.
D. J. McLane. Jul 86, 20p EPA/540/9-86/139
The Standard Evaluation Procedure (SEP) for Avian
Reproduction Test is a guidance document primarily
intended for Agency reviewers, the regulated industry,
and associated avian laboratories. As a result of appli-
cation for registration, pesticide producers are required
by 40 CFR Part 158.145 of the regulations to provide
avian reproduction testing. It is intended to be used in
conjunction with Subdivision E of the Pesticide As-
sessment Guidelines: Hazard Evaluation - Wildlife and
Aquatic organisms. The SEP provides an Introduction
Material and Methods, Testing Standards/Recom-
mendations, Reporting Requirements and Reviewer
Evaluation. The SEP Tor Avian Reproduction Test is
only one of a number of SEP's available through the
National Technical Information Service as a supple-
ment to Subdivisions E of the Pesticide Assessment
Guidelines.
Keywords: 'Birds, 'Toxicity, 'Pesticides, Tests
Reproduction(Biology), Hazards, Standards, Licenses'
Recommendations, Assessments.
PB87-209193/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Role of Nitrogen Oxide* In Nonurban Ozone For-
mation in the Planetary Boundary Layer over N
(North) America, W (Western) Europe and Adja-
cent Areas of Ocean. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
A. P. Altshuller. 1986, 24p EPA/600/J-86/380
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v20 n2 P245-268
1986.
The status of knowledge on photochemical ozone for-
mation and the effects of nitrogen oxides and peroxya-
cyl nitrates on such formation has been evaluated. The
literature is reviewed on nonurban ozone and nitrogen
oxide concentration distributions, ozone lifetimes ni-
trogen oxide lifetimes, and ozone formation in plufttta
as related to nitrogen oxide. The modeling approaches
applied to ozone formation with urban plumes, power
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
plant plumes, high pressure systems, and during
longer-range transport of ozone formation associated
with reactions of natural hydrocarbons and nitrogen
oxide near ground level as well as photochemical
ozone formation associated with reactions of carbon
monoxide and more persistent organic species with ni-
trogen oxides in the free troposphere are considered.
Correlation studies and laboratory measurements re-
lating ozone in nonurban locations to precursors also
are evaluated.
Keywords: "Ozone. Boundary layer. Photochemical re-
actions, Plumes, Nitrogen oxides, Air pollution, North
America, Western Europe, Air quality, Reprints, Non-
metropolitan areas.
PB87-209235/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
IACP (Integrated Air Cancer Project) Emissions:
Transformations and Fate,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
L. T. Cupitt, L. D. Claxton, P. B. Shepson, and T. E.
Kleindienst. Jul 87,12p EPA/600/D-87/211
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
As part of the Integrated Air Cancer Project (IACP), di-
luted emissions from wood stoves and automobiles
were injected into a Teflon smog chamber and irradiat-
ed to simulate their photochemical transformation in
the atmosphere. Changes in the chemical composition
and physical properties of the gaseous and aerosol-
bound complex mixtures were monitored throughout
the experiments. The mutagenicity of the gas-phase
components and of the aerosol-bound chemicals were
both measured before and after irradiation. Compari-
sons of the mutagenic activity between the gas-phase
and aerosol-bound chemicals have been estimated.
When the mutagenicity is expressed in units of rever-
tants per cubic meter of air, the gas-phase reaction
products are found to be the most mutagenic. Similar
results were obtained from preliminary experiments
using an idling automobile as the pollutant source.
Keywords: *Air pollution, "Photochemical reactions,
"Exhaust emissions, Mutagens, Carcinogens, Smoke,
Automobiles, Smog, Irradiation, Aerosols, Gases,
Monitors, *IACP(lntegrated Air Cancer Project), "Auto-
mobile exhaust, "Wood burning appliances.
PB87-209243/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Utility Emissions Software for the NAPAP (Nation-
al Acid Precipitation Assessment Program) 1985
Emissions Inventory,
Hengel Associates, Rapid City, SO.
J. H. Wilson, E. H. Pechan, W. D. Hamilton, and D. A.
Pahl. Jul 87, 14p EPA/600/D-87/215
Contract EPA-68-02-4070
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper discusses utility emissions software for the
development of the National Acid Precipitation As-
sessment Program (NAPAP) 1985 emissions invento-
ry. For 1985, the development of an accurate and
complete emissions inventory for pollutants consid-
ered to be precursors of acid deposition was Identified
as a critical element of the NAPAP For 1985, NAPAP
high priority emissions inventory data needs were in-
corporated into the National Emissions Data System
(NEDS) reporting process with the primary objective
being to complete a national source/emissions data
base for calendar year 1985 for all sources with actual
emissions of S02, NOx, or VOCs greater than 100
tons per year. Recognizing the importance of electric
utilities as a component of the NAPAP 1985 emissions
inventory, and to assist the states in preparing their
1985 NEDS submittals, the project described in the
paper made some of the utility data submitted to the
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) available on micro-
computers so that they could be used readily by state
air pollution control agencies and others.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Exhaust emissions, "Elec-
tric utilities, Computer applications, Inventories,
Sources, Precipitation(Meteorology), Sulfur dioxide,
Nitrogen oxides, 'Acid rain, NAPAP(National Acid Pre-
cipitation Assessment Program), Stationary sources.
Volatile organic compounds. Air pollution control.
NEDS(National Emissions Data System).
PB87-209250/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Topics on Expressing and Predicting Results of
Life-Cycle Tests,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
C. E. Stephan. Jul 87, 24p EPA/600/D-87/214
In April 1967, Mount and Stephan published results of
two life-cycle tests using the fathead minnow and in-
troduced the terms 'Maximum Acceptable Toxicant
Concentration' (MATC) and 'Laboratory Fish Produc-
tion Index'. Life-cycle tests can now be conducted with
a variety of fishes and invertebrates. The purpose of
the paper is to present rationale to answer three ques-
tions: Is it better to calculate results by considering
data for a smorgasbord of individual biological meas-
urements or for one or a few integrated effects that are
commercially, recreationally, or ecologically important;
Is it better to calculate results using hypothesis testing
or regression analysis; What terminology is appropri-
ate for expressing results of chronic tests. The useful-
ness of various tests for predicting the results of life-
cylce tests cannot be adequately assessed until some
of these issues are resolved.
Keywords: "Aquatic biology, "Minnows, "Life cycles,
'Invertebrates, "Life tests, Toxicology, Ecology, Re-
gression analysis, Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB87-209268/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Evaluation of the Chemical and Physical Process-
es Affecting Sulfate and Nitrate Wet Deposition,
Iowa Univ., Iowa City. Dept. of Chemical and Materials
Engineering.
S. G. Shim, V. S. Chang, S. V. Cho, and G. R.
Carmichael. Jul 87,16p EPA/600/D-87/213
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
The STEM-II model was applied to a case study of the
acid deposition upwind and downwind of Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania. The model has the Atkinson-Lloyd ki-
netics mechanism for pas phase chemistry and an
aqueous phase mechanism for 22 species. The model
results indicate that the major trends in the data are
correctly simulated. Time histories at particular grid lo-
cations are consistent with the known meteorological
conditions.
Keywords: "Sulfates, Air pollution, Accumulation,
Chemical tests, Hydrometers, Clouds(Meteorology),
Snow, Meteorology, "Nitrates, 'Acid rain,
Philadelphia(Pennsylvannia).
PB87-209284/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Relationships Involving Fine Particle Mass, Fine
Particle Sulfur and Ozone during Episodic Periods
at Sites In and around St. Louis, Missouri. Journal
article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
A. P. Altshuller. 1985, 14p EPA/600/J-85/494
Pub. in Atmospheric Enviroment, v19 n2 p265-276
1985.
A number of investigations have been published On re-
lationships involving particulate sulfate over regions of
North America. Elevated concentrations of sulfate and
ozone have been identified as occurring during the
same periods in the summer months of the year in the
United States. Particle sulfur and particle mass meas-
urements obtained from the regional monitoring sta-
tions (RAMS) in and around St. Louis, Missouri, during
the Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) have been
discussed previously. Ozone measurements made in
the RAPS study have received separate consideration.
The Jarge extended series of concurrent measure-
ments of fine particle sulfur, fine particle mass and
ozone at both urban and nonurban locations in the St.
Louis area provides an opportunity to examine rela-
tionships among these species in detail. The emphasis
in this work will be on the patterns of concentration of
these species particularly during periods of especially
high concentrations, episodic periods.
Keywords: 'Ozone, "Sulfates, "Urban areas, 'Air pol-
lution, 'Particles, Graphs(Charts), Monitoring, Re-
gions, Sites, North America, 'Particulate sampling, St.
Louis(Missouri), RAMS(Regional Monitoring Stations),
RAPS(Regional Air Pollution Study).
PB87-209292/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Mutagenic Activity of the Photooxidatlon Prod-
ucts of C6H5NH2/C2H4/NOx Mixtures. Journal arti-
cle,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
P. B. Shepson, T. E. Kleindienst, E. O. Edney, G. R.
Namie, and J. H. Pittman. C1985,19p EPA/600/J-85/
497
Contract EPA-68-02-4033
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Science and Health A20,
n5 p503-519 1985. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmos-
pheric Sciences Research Lab.
Mixtures of aniline/ethylene/NOx were photolyzed in a
22.7 cubic meters Teflon reaction chamber operated
in a dynamic mode. Several minor products, including
nitrobenzene, azobenzene, alpha-nitroaniline, phenol,
and benzoic acid, were identified. The production of
aerosol was also observed. The product mixtures were
exposed to Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and
TA100 both with and without metabolic activation. Ex-
posures of the gas mixture alone and the aerosol plus
gas mixture were performed. In addition, filters of the
aerosol were collected, extracted, and used in a plate
incorporation procedure with these strains. The results
show the gas phase products from the irradiated mix-
ture to be relatively nonmutagenic in TA98 and TA100.
This same result was found in the aerosol exposure,
although the deposition into the media may have been
low. However, extracts from the aerosol when directly
incorporated into the medium show mutagenic activity
for TA98. (Copyright (c) 1985 by Marcel Dekker, Inc.)
Keywords: "Mutagens, "Anilines, 'Air pollution, 'Tox-
icity, Aerosols, Exposure, Benzoic acids, Salmonella
typhimurium, Nitrobenzenes, Reprints, "Photoxidation.
PB87-209300/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Photooxidatlon of Allyl Chloride. Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
E. 0. Edney, P. B. Shepson, T. E. Kleindienst, and E.
W. Corse. C1986,14p EPA/600/J-86/383
Contract EPA-68-02-4033
Pub. in International Jnl. of Chemical Kinetics, vl8
p597-608 1986. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospher-
ic Sciences Research Lab.
The photooxidation of allyl chloride was studied by irra-
diation either in 100-L Teflon bags or in a 22.7-cu m
Teflon smog chamber in the presence of added NOx.
In the absence of added hydrocarbons, the reaction in-
volves a CI atom chain, which leads to a highly reactive
system. A reaction mechanism is presented to account
for the following photooxidation products: chloroace-
taldehyde, formaldehyde, 1,3-dichloroacetone, 3-
chloroacrolein, acrolein, glyoxal, chloroperoxyacetylni-
trate, and peroxypropenylnitrate. The rate constant for
OH reaction with allyl chloride at 298 K was measured
by a relative rate method under conditions where the
CI atom chain length was small and was found to be
kOH = 1.7 x 10 to the minus 11 th power cc molecule (-
1) sec (-1). (Copyright (c) John Wiley & Sons. Inc.)
Keywords: 'Allyl chloride, 'Air pollution, Irradiation,
Carcinogens, Reaction kinetics, Chlorine, Ozone, Hy-
droxides, Nitrogen oxides, Reprints, 'Photooxidation.
PB67-209318/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Impact of Urban and Industrial Emissions on Me-
soscale Precipitation Quality. Journal article,
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
A. A. N. Patrinos. C1985,11p EPA/600/J-85/496
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v35
n7 p719-727 Jul 85. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmos-
pheric Sciences Research Lab.
Results from an 'acid rain' field study around the city of
Philadelphia are presented. The study involved the
sampling of wet deposition at a network of 40 sites
within a distance of 60 km from the Delaware River.
Emphasis was placed on event-type rain sampling of
frontal and primarily nonconvective storms which are
responsible for most of the Northeast's wet deposition.
For most storms, meteorological conditions contribut-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ed to a predominant southeasterly transport. Since
most of the area's urban and industrial emissions
occur along the Delaware River, the Pennsylvania
sector of the network was identified as the downwind
(target) region; the New Jersey sector was the upwind
(control) region. (Copyright (c) 1985 - Air Pollution Con-
trol Association.)
Keywords: "Exhaust emissions, 'Air pollution,
'Precipitation(Meteorology), Industrial atmospheres.
Urban areas, Storms, Delaware River, Sources, Envi-
ronmental surveys, Reprints, "Acid rain,
Philadelphia(Pennsylvania), Air pollution sampling.
PB87-209359/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pollutant Sampler tor Measurements of Atmos-
pheric Acidic Dry Deposition. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
K. T. Knapp, J. L. Durham, and T. G. Ellestad. 1986, 7p
EPA/600/J-86/382
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v20
n6 p633-637 1986.
An acidic pollutant sampler for dry deposition monitor-
ing has been designed and evaluated in laboratory and
field studies. The system, which is modular and simple
to operate, samples gaseous HN03, NH3, S02 and
N02 and particulate S04(-2), N03(1 -) and NH4(1 +)
and is made of Teflon to minimize trace reactive gas
sorption. Particles greater than about 2 micrometers
are removed with a cyclone. A transition-flow reactor
(TFR) Teflon tube contains a Nylon liner for collection
of a constant fraction of gaseous HN03 and a Nafion
liner for collection of a constant fraction of NH3. Excel-
lent results were obtained in week-long runs with par-
allel sampling. In the first seven of these week-long
runs the average difference between samples for gas-
eous HN03 was 4.6% with a standard deviation of
only 3.7. In the same sampling runs, the average differ-
ence for particulate sulfate was 3.0% with a standard
deviation of only 1.4.
Keywords: * Air pollution, Gas sampling, Particles,
Transition flow, Air filters. Reprints, "Acid deposition,
"Air pollution sampling, Air pollution monitors. Particu-
late sampling.
PB87-209466/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Reactivation of Granular Carbon In an Infrared
Traveling Belt Furnace,
Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts, Whittier, CA.
R. Nur, and R. W. Horvath. Jul 87,66p EPA/600/2-87/
048
Contract EPA-68-03-2745
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
An all-electrical Shirco carbon regeneration furnace
and its air pollution control system have been evaluat-
ed for cost and process effectiveness in carbon reacti-
vation at the Pomona Advanced Wastewater Treat-
ment Research Facility. The granular activated carbon
used for the Shirco Furnace evaluation study was ex-
hausted in three 1.8 m (6 ft) diameter steel carbon ad-
sorption columns connected in series. The columns
treated unchlorinated and unfiltered activated sludge
effluent from the 0.44 cu m/sec (10 MGD) Ponoma
Water Reclamation Plant. The Shirco carbon regen-
eration system was found to be as effective as the mul-
tiple hearth and rotary kiln furnaces in reactivating the
exhausted granular activated carbon. The operation
and maintenance cost for the Shirco furnace was,
however, found to be higher than those for both the
multiple hearth and the rotary kiln furnaces.
Keywords: 'Activated carbon, "Electric furnaces, "Air
pollution control, "Sewage treatment, Activation, Cost
effectiveness, Performance evaluation, Adsorption,
Columns(Process engineering), Cost estimates, Kilns,
Comparison.
PB87-209540/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from
Sources of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park NC Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
May 87, BOp" EPA/450/4-84/007N
To assist groups interested in inventorying air emis-
sions of various potentially toxic substances. EPA is
preparing a series of documents such as this to com-
pile available information on sources and emissions of
these substances. The document deals specifically
with Polychlorinated Biphenyls. Its intended audience
includes Federal, State and local air pollution person-
nel and others interested in locating potential emitters
of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and in making gross esti-
mates of air emissions therefrom. The document pre-
sents information on (1) the types of sources that may
emit Polychlorinated Biphenyls, (2) process variations
and release points that may be expected within these
sources, and (3) available emissions information indi-
cating the potential for Polychlorinated Biphenyls re-
lease into the air from each operation.
Keywords: "Flue gas, "Polycyclic aromatic hydrocar-
bons, "Air pollution control. Emissions, "Polychlorinat-
ed biphenyls, Toxic substances.
PB87-209714/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division Standard Evaluation
Procedure ¦ Field Testing for Pollinators,
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Hazard Evaluation Div.
A. W. Vaughan. Jun 87,10p EPA/540/9-86/140
See also PB87-209722.
The Standard Evaluation Procedure (SEP) for Field
Testing for Pollinators is a guidance document primari-
ly intended for Agency reviewers and the regulated in-
dustry who assess pesticide hazards to bees. The SEP
is also intended to provide information to the general
public indicating how the Agency uses toxicity data to
determine if field testing for pollinators is required. As
such, it is designed to supplement Subdivision L of the
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines: Hazard Evaluation -
Nontarget Insects. The SEP provides an Introduction,
Discussion of Test Standards, Reporting Require-
ments, and a section on Reviewer Evaluation.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxicity, "Bees, Standards,
Hazardous materials, Chemical properties, Field tests,
Insects, Evaluation, Requirements.
PB87-209722/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division Standard Evaluation
Procedure - Fish Early Life-Stage Test,
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Hazard Evaluation Div.
M. Rexrode, and T. M. Armitage. Jun 87,18p EPA/
540/9-86/138
See also PB87-209730.
The Standard Evaluation Procedure (SEP) for fish
early life-stage testing is a document primarily intend-
ed as guidance for Agency reviewers and the regulat-
ed industry. As a result of application for registration,
pesticide producers are required by 40 CFR Part
158.145 of the regulations to provide fish life-stage
testing. It is intended to be used in conjunction with
Subdivision E of the Pesticide Assessment Guidelines:
Hazard Evaluation - Wildlife and Aquatic Organisms.
The SEP was compiled from ideas and methods that
are being used by EPA laboratories, private laborato-
ries and the ASTM (American Society for Testing and
Materials) in developing a testing procedure that will
establish chronic toxicity levels of the toxicant to fish;
compare toxicity information with measured or estimat-
ed toxicant residues in an aquatic environment; indi-
cated the need for further laboratory testing or field
testing.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxicity, "Fishes, Standards,
Tests, Hazardous materials, Life cycles, Instructions,
Salmon, Trout, Catfishes, Embryos, Larvae, Eggs, Ex-
posure, Statistical analysis. Salt water, Fresh water,
Temperature, Evaluation,
PB87-209730/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division Standard Evaluation
Procedure - 'Daphnia magna' Life-Cycle (21 Day
Renewal) Chronic Toxicity Test,
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Hazard Evaluation Div.
M. Rexrode, and T. M. Armitage. Jun 87,14p EPA/
540/9-86/141
See also PB87-209714.
The Standard Evaluation Procedure (SEP) for daphnid
life-cycle testing is a document primarily intended as
guidance for Agency reviewers and the regulated in-
dustry. As a result of application for registration, pesti-
cide producers are required by 40 CFR Part 158 145 of
the regulations to provide daphnid life-cycle testing.
The SEP was compiled from ideas and methods that
are presently being used by EPA laboratories, private
laboratories, and the ASTM (American Society for
Testing and Materials) in developing a testing proce-
dure that will measure toxicant effects on daphnid sur-
vival, adult length, the average number of offspring per
adult per reproduction day, and time to first brood;
compare toxicity information with measured or estimat-
ed toxicant residues in an aquatic environment in order
to assess potential impact to aquatic invertebrates; in-
dicate the need for further laboratory testing or field
testing.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxicity, "Invertebrates,
"Daphnia, Standards, Hazardous materials, Life
cycles, Chemical properties, Regulations, Field tests,
Environmental impacts, Survival, Pesticide residues.
PB87-210092/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Final Rule for Radon-222 Emissions from Li-
censed Uranium Mill Tailings: Response to Com-
ments. Final rept.,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
15 Aug 86, 31 p EPA/520/1 -86/011
In the document the Environmental Protection Agency
EPA responds to comments received on the proposed
rulemaking 'National Emission Standards for Hazard-
ous Air Pollutants; Standards for Radon-222 Emis-
sions from Licensed Uranium Mill Tailings,' published
in the Federal Register on February 21,1986.
Keywords: Licenses, Regulations, Groundwater, "Ra-
dioactive waste disposal, "Uranium mills, "Mill tailings,
"Radon 222, Source terms, Risk assessment.
PB87-210361/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Field and Laboratory Evaluation of a Woodstove
Dilution Sampling System. Jun 86-Jun 87,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
R. G. Merrill, and D. B. Harris. Jul 87,18p EPA/600/D-
87/216
The paper discusses field and laboratory evaluation of
a woodstove dilution sampling system. Two sampling
methods have been developed and used by EPA to
test emissions from woodstoves: both remove flue gas
directly from the appliance chimney. The two methods
have been developed to meet two goals of EPA spon-
sored research and development: (1) the woodstove
dilution sampling system (WSDSS) addresses the
need to simulate or model the atmosphere/stack inter-
face and to provide emissions samples as they are dis-
tributed between vapor phase and particle bound ma-
terial; and (2) the modified method 5 (MM5) system ad-
dresses the need to perform direct source sampling
without dilution or condensation. Comparison of the
WSDSS and MM5 sampling systems in laboratory
tests is presented.
Keywords: "Stoves, "Wood, "Emissions, "Flue gases,
Field tests, Combustion, Sampling, Pollution, "Wood
burning appliances, Stationary sources.
PB87-210399/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO. Dept. of Chemistry.
Chemical, Aerosol and Optical Measurements lit
the Plumes of Three Midwestern Coal-Find
Power Plants. Journal article,
Sonoma Technology, Inc., Santa Rosa. CA.
L. W. Richards, J. A. Anderson, D. L. Btumenthal, J. A
McDonald, and E. S. Macias. C1985, 22p EPA/600/J-
85/493
Pub. in Atmospheric Enviroment, v19 n10 P1685-1704
1985. Sponsored by Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO.
Dept. of Chemistry. Prepared in cooperation with CaK-
fornia Univ., Los Angeles. Dept. of Chemical Engineer-
ing, and Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Airborne measurements were made in and near the
plumes of the following midwestern coal-fired power
plants in 1981: Kincaid in central Illinois in February
LaCygne near Kansas City in March, and Labadie new
St. Louis in August and September. One objective of
these measurements was to obtain data (reported
elsewhere) to be used for the evaluation of plume visi-
bility models. The results of the chemical and aerosol
measurements are reported here. (Copyright (c) 1935
Pergamon Press Ltd.)
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Aerosols, 'Airborne wastes, 'Plumes,
Electric power plants, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide.
Optical measurement, Coal dust, Reprints, Air pollu-
tion sampling, Midwestern United States.
PB87-210712/HSU	PC E99
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Indoor
Air Quality Implementation Plan.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Jun 87, 623p-in 5v"
Set includes PB87-210720 through PB87-210761.
No abstract available.
Keywords: Exposure, Public health, "Indoor air pollu-
tion, Environmental Protection Agency, "Implementa-
tion plan, Stationary sources, Monitoring.
PB87-210720/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Indoor
Air Quality Implementation Plan. A Report to Con-
gress under Title IV of the Superfund Amend-
ments and Reauthorization Act of 1986: Radon
Gas and Indoor Air Quality Research. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Jun 87, 33p" EPA/600/8-87/031
See also PB87-210738.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB87-
210712.
The 'EPA Indoor Air Quality Implementation Plan' pro-
vides information on the direction of EPA's indoor air
program, including the Agency's policy on indoor air
and priorities for research and information dissemina-
tion over the next two years. EPA submitted the report
to Congress on July 2, 1987 as required by the Super-
fund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986.
There are five appendices to the report: Appendix A--
Preliminary Indoor Air Pollution Information Assess-
ment; Appendix B-FY 87 Indoor Air Research Pro-
gram; Appendix C-EPA Radon Program; Appendix D-
Indoor Air Resource History (Published with Appendix
C); Appendix E-lndoor Air Reference Data Base.
Keywords: Policies. Radon, Data bases, "Indoor air
pollution, Environmental Protection Agency, "Imple-
mentation plan.
PB87-210738/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Indoor
Air Quality Implementation Plan. Appendix A. Pre-
liminary Indoor Air Pollution information Assess-
ment. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Jun 87, 320p* EPA/600/8-87/014
See also PB87-210720, and PB87-210746.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB87-
210712.
The 'Preliminary Indoor Air Pollution Information As-
sessment' summarizes and assesses information from
the published scientific literature regarding sources of
indoor pollutants, monitoring methodology and instru-
mentation, exposure, health effects and mitigation
strategies. Information is pollutant specific, and where
possible, source specific. Gaps in scientific information
are identified to form the basis of a research needs
statement addressing specific research initiatives
needed to fill these gaps.
Keywords: Exposure, Public health, "Indoor air pollu-
tion. Environmental Protection Agency, "Implementa-
tion plan. Stationary sources, Monitoring.
PB87-210746/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Indoor
Air Quality Implementation Plan. Appendix B. FY
87 indoor Air Research Program. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Jun 87, 66p* EPA/600/8-87/032
See also PB87-210738, and PB87-210753.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB87-
210712.
The 'FY 87 Indoor Air Research Program' summarizes
the research projects undertaken in FY 87. The
projects are categorized under Problem Characteriza-
tion, Mitigation Assessment and Actions, and Informa-
tion Dissemination.
Keywords: Exposure, Public health, "Indoor air pollu-
tion, Environmental Protection Agency, "Implementa-
tion plan, Stationary sources, Monitoring.
PB87-210753/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Indoor
Air Quality Implementation Plan. Appendix C. EPA
Radon Program. Appendix D. Indoor Air Resource
History. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Jun 87, 20p* EPA/600/8-87/033
See also PB87-210746, and PB87-210761.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB87-
210712.
The 'EPA Radon Program' briefly describes the goals,
strategy and implementation plan adopted by the
Agency for dealing specifically with radon as an indoor
air pollutant. This discussion is excerpted from a more
comprehensive report, 'EPA Interim Report to Con-
gress on Indoor Air Pollution and Radon.' The 'Indoor
Air Resource History' is a one page summary of EPA
resources (funds and personnel) expended on the
indoor air program. The summary begins with FY 84
and extends to FY 88 where projected figures are
given.
Keywords: Exposure, Public health, "Indoor air pollu-
tion, Environmental Protection Agency, "Implementa-
tion plan, Stationary sources, Monitoring.
PB87-210781/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Indoor
Air Quality Implementation Plan. Appendix E.
Indoor Air Reference Data Base. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Jun 87,185p* EPA/600/8-87/016
See also PB87-210753.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB87-
210712.
The 'Indoor Air Reference Data Base' is a complete
and up-to-date bibliography of reference materials on
indoor air pollution. Prior to the document there was no
comprehensive bibliography of reference materials on
indoor air pollution. The Environmental Criteria and As-
sessment Office conducted a thorough search of the
literature and combined several existing reference
data bases to establish the Indoor Air Reference Data
Base. This source consists of a single data base of
over 2,200 references for use by personnel within
EPA, other Federal agencies, State agencies, and pri-
vate individuals upon request.
Keywords: Data bases, Exposure, Public health,
"Indoor air pollution, Environmental Protection
Agency, "Implementation plan, Stationary sources.
PB87-210811/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Chemical Carcinogens: A Review and Analysis of
the Literature of Selected Chemicals and the Es-
tablishment of the Gene-Tox Carcinogen Data
Base. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. Nesnow, M. Argus, H, Bergman, K, Chu, and C.
Frith. C1987, 203p EPA/600/J-87/047
Pub. in Mutation Research, v185 n1/2 p1 -195 Jan/
Mar 87. Prepared in cooperation with National Cancer
Inst., Bethesda, MD., SRI International, Menlo Park,
CA., Pfizer Central Research, Groton, CT., and Texas
Univ. System Cancer Center, Smithville.
The literature of 506 chemicals has been evaluated for
evidence that these chemicals induce tumors in exper-
imental animals and this assessment comprises the
Gene-Tox Carcinogen Data Base. Three major
sources of information were used to create the evalu-
ated data base: all 185 chemicals determined by the
International Agency for Research on Cancer to have
Sufficient evidence of carcinogenic activity in experi-
mental animals, 28 selected chemicals bioassayed for
carcinogenic activity by the National Toxicology Pro-
gram/National Cancer Institute and found to induce
tumors in mice and rats, and 293 selected chemicals
which has been evaluated in genetic toxicology and re-
lated bioassays as determined from previous Gene-
Tox reports. The literature data on the 293 chemicals
were analyzed by the Gene-Tox Carcinogenesis Panel
in an organized, rational, and consistent manner. Crite-
ria were established to assess individual studies em-
ploying single chemical and four categories of re-
sponse were developed: Positive, Negative, Inconclu-
sive (Equivocal), and Inconclusive. After evaluating
each of the individual studies on the 293 chemicals,
the Panel placed each of the 506 chemicals in an over-
all classification category based on the strength of the
evidence indicating the presence or absence of carci-
nogenic effects. An eight-category decision scheme
was established using a modified version of the Inter-
national Agency for Research on Cancer approach.
Keywords: "Bioassays, "Toxicology, Databases, Ge-
netics, Reprints, "Toxic substances, "Carcinogens.
PB87-212338/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Collaborative Research and Health Effects of En-
vironmental Pollutants. Final rept.,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
P. A. Bromberg. Jul 87,41 p EPA/600/1-87/004
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The report is designed as an overview of more than
five years of collaborative work intended to: (1) Provide
EPA scientists with a ready means of access to Univer-
sity faculty and facilities and to enhance the intensity
and frequency of interactions between EPA and UNC
scientists; (2) Enrich the scientific milieu for EPA scien-
tists; (3) Perform collaborative research in areas rele-
vant to EPA's mission, especially in the air program; (4)
Undertake research that could not be readily accom-
plished by EPA with its existing personnel - both in the
area of development and application of techniques,
and in the performance of research; (5) Provide
access to diseased as well as normal human subjects,
including children, in order to study sensitive as well as
normal populations challenged with inhaled pollutants
in highly controlled environmental exposure chambers.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Research projects, "Public
health, Personnel development, Cooperation, "Air pol-
lution effects(Humans), Cooperative programs, Envi-
ronmental health, Environmental Protection Agency,
University of North Carolina.
PB87-212346/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Survey of Vendors of External Petroleum Leak
Monitoring Devices for Use with Underground
Storage Tanks. Project rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
B. Eklund, and W. Crow. Mar 87,149p* EPA/600/4-
87/016
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Underground storage tanks (UST's) and their associat-
ed piping are major potential sources of environmental
contamination. Since the 1984 Amendments to the
Resource Recovery and Conservation Act (RCRA) re-
quire regulation of underground storage tank systems,
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is
currently investigating topics related to UST's to aid in
developing regulations. EPA has contracted with the
Radian Corporation to compile information on the vari-
ous types of external (out-of-tank) monitoring systems
or techniques which can be used to detect leaks or
spills of petroleum hydrocarbon products. The com-
piled data were used to categorize external petroleum
leak monitoring devices or techniques by functions
and type, and the data will aid in the future develop-
ment of uniform performance criteria for commercially
available external leak monitoring methods. The
present study, which is limited to external (outside-the-
tank) petroleum leak monitoring devices, supports the
EPA effort by providing information on the number,
type, and performance capabilities of available leak
monitors. The literature was searched to collect gener-
al information on external petroleum leak monitors
and, more specifically, to develop a list of vendors. Ad-
ditional information was collected from equipment ven-
dors, trade groups, and other researchers.
Keywords: "Underground storage, "Storage tanks,
"Leakage, Corrosion prevention, Fuel storage.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-212353/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Availability of Cadmium to Rats from Crops
Grown on Cadmium Enriched Soil,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.
D. R. Buhler, and I. J. Tinsley. Jul 87,126p EPA/600/
1-87/005
Grant EPA-R-805774
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The research was initiated to enhance the authors un-
derstanding of the availability to animals of Cd present
in edible plants. Such information is of considerable
importance since agricultural cross can accumulate
high concentrations of the metal when grown in certain
soils or with sewage sludge as a fertilizer. Edible plants
were labeled with 109Cd by growing them on
109CdCI2 treated soil. The availability of 109Cd to
male and female rats was then determined by feeding
semisynthetic diets containing either freeze-dried ra-
dioactive spinach, lettuce, soybean, carrots, tomatoes,
or wheat flour, or comparable nonradioactive plant
powders spiked with 109CdCI2. Retention of 109CD
by liver and kidney was determined after a 14 day
feeding period. With the exception of spinach, Cd ac-
cumulation by rats was not found to be significantly in-
fluenced by the form of Cd in the diet whether supplied
as plant-bound 109Cd or added to nonradioactive
diets as 109CdCI2. The mean retention of Cd in liver
and kidney was 0.17% of the dose consumed for
males and 0.26% for females consuming diets con-
taining wheat, soybean, carrots, lettuce, or tomatoes.
Keywords: 'Farm crops, 'Cadmium,
Concentration(Composition), Rats, Laboratory ani-
mals, Soils, Metals, Sewage sludge, Plants(Botany),
"Bioaccumulation, 'Toxic substances, Heavy metals.
PB87-212429/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Extrapolation of Biodegradation Results to
Groundwater Aquifers: Reductive Dehalogenation
of Aromatic Compounds. Journal article,
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Dept. of Botany and Micro-
biology.
S. A. Gibson, and J. M. Suflita. C1986,10p EPA/600/J-
86/379
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v52
n4 p681-688 Oct 86. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr En-
vironmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
The reductive biodegradation of a variety of haloaro-
matic substrates was monitored in samples from two
sites within a shallow anoxic aquifer and was com-
pared with freshwater sediment and sewage sludge.
The metabolic capacity existing in methane-producing
aquifer material was very similar to that in sediment in
that three to four chlorobenzoates, five of seven chlor-
ophenols, and one of two chlorophenoxyacetate herbi-
cides were reductively dehalogenated in both types of
incubations. Biological removal of the sulfate in sam-
ples from this site permitted dehalogenation of a
model substrate, while stimualtion of methanogenesis
without removal of sulfate did not. These results dem-
onstrate that dehalogenating microorganisms were
present at this site but that their activity was at least
partially inhibited by the high sulfate levels. (Copyright
(c) 1986, American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Biodeterioration, 'Ground water, "Water
pollution, Chlorine organic compounds. Methane.
Microorganism control(Water), 'Aquifers, Aromatic
compounds, Halogenation. Sampling. Aquatic microbi-
ology, Sludge, Reprints.
PB87-212437/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Radium Removal Using Sorption to Filter Sand.
Journal article,
Iowa Univ., Iowa City.
R L Valentine, T. S. Mulholland, and R. C. Splinter.
ci 987. 9p EPA/600/J-87/064
Pub. in Jnl. of American Water Works Association, v79
n4 D170-176 Apr 87. Prepared in cooperation with
Pace Labs., Inc., Minneapolis, MN. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water
Engineering Research Lab.
The study evaluated the use of a novel sand filtration
process that exploits the natural capacity of filter sand
to sorb radium through the use of a periodic dilute acid
rinse to maintain its sorptive capacity. Batch studies
were conducted to determine distribution coefficients
so that performance estimates could be made. Labo-
ratory pilot studies using a partially softened ground-
water showed the process capable of reducing 226Ra
concentrations by 80 to 90 percent in the presence of
iron floes when daily rinsing was practiced using pH 1
(0.36 percent) or pH 2 (0.04 percent) HCI. Similar re-
movals could be achieved in field studies using water
containing 9-11 pCi226Ra/L obtained from the exist-
ing sand filters in a city whose supply is treated for iron
removal. Removals in the field were less when simulta-
neous iron and radium removal was attempted. In addi-
tion, estimates of the total sorptive capacity of the
sand obtained in continuous-flow experiments were
generally significantly greater than those predicted
based on batch results. (Copyright (c) Journal AWWA,
1987.)
Keywords: "Radium, Sorption, 'Sand filtration, Water
treatment, Ground water, Contamination, Potable
water, Water supply, Reprints.
PB87-212445/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pyrethroid Insecticides and Radioligand Displace-
ment from the GA8A Receptor Chloride lono-
phore Complex. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
K. M. Crofton, L. W. Reiter, and R. B. Mailman. C1987,
10p EPA/600/J-87/050
Pub. in Toxicology Letters, v35 p183-190 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill.
Radioligand binding displacement studies were con-
ducted to determine the effects of Type I and II pyreth-
roids on (3H)-flunitrazepam (FLU), (3H)-muscimol
(MUS), and (35S)t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate
(TBPS) binding. Competition experiments with (3H)-
FLU and (3H)-MUS indicate a lack of competition for
binding by the pyrethroids. Type I pyrethroids failed to
compete for the binding of (35SJ-TBPS at concentra-
tions as high as 50 pM. Type II pyrethroids inhibited
(35S)-TBPS binding to rat brain synaptosomes with Ki
values ranging from 5-10 pM. The data presented here
suggest that the interaction of Type II pyrethroids with
the GABA receptor-ionophore complex is restricted to
a site near the TBPS/picrotoxinin binding site.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Toxicology, Rats, Ligands,
Synapses, Hazardous materials, Reprints, "Pyrethrins,
'Neurotoxins, Receptors(Gaba-benzodiazepine),
FLU(Flunitrazepam), TBPS(t-butylbicyclophosphoroth-
ionate), MUS(Muscimol).
PB87-212S44/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Comparative Study of Various Methods Used for
Determining Health Effects of Inhaled Sulfates.
Journal article,
IIT Research Inst., Chicago, IL.
J. G. Drummond, C. Aranyi, L. J. Schiff, J. D. Fenters,
and J. A. Graham. C1986,17p EPA/600/J-86/387
Contract EPA-68-02-2088
Pub. in Environmental Research 41, p514-528 1986.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Various health effect parameters were compared to
determine which tests were the most sensitive indica-
tors of toxic effects of exposure to metallic sulfate aer-
osols. Inhalation studies were conducted involving
either single 3-hr exposure to various concentrations
of cupric sulfate (0.43-2.64 mg/cubic meters S04),
and aluminum ammonium sulfate (1.47-3.81 mg/cubic
meters S04) or multiple (five and ten) daily 3-hr expo-
sures to cupric sulfate (0.1 mg/cubic meters S04).
Cupric sulfate was the most toxic of the three sulfates,
but the differences between the toxicity of the alumi-
num sulfate and aluminum ammonium sulfate were
less clear. (Copyright (c) 1986 by Academic Press,
Inc.)
Keywords: "Inhalation, 'Aerosols, "Air pollution, 'Tox-
icity. Respiratory diseases, 'Sulfates, Aluminum am-
monium sulfate. Mice, Hazardous materials, Reprints.
PB87-212551/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Neuroelectrical Correlates of Categorical Percep-
tion for Place of Articulation in Normal and Lead-
Treated Rhesus Monkeys. Journal article,
Southern Illinois Univ. at Carbondale.
D. L. Molfese, N. K. Laughlin. P. A. Morse, S. E.
Linnville, and W. F. Wetzel. c1986,19p EPA/600/J-
86/386
Pub. in Jnl. of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsycho-
logy, v8 n6 p680-696 1986. Prepared in cooperation
with Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Sponsored by Health
Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Categorical perception of place of articulation con-
trasts was evaluated in rhesus monkeys. The monkeys
had been chronically exposed to subclinical levels of
lead, either from conception to birth, or for approxi-
mately 6 months beginning at birth, or were never ex-
posed to lead. Auditory evoked responses were re-
corded from scalp electrodes placed over left and right
hemispheres during stimulus presentation. The brain
responses recorded from the right hemispheres of the
normal control group of monkeys discriminated be-
tween the categories of (dae) and (gae). Categorical
discriminations were also noted for monkeys exposed
to lead either prenatally or postnatally. These discrimi-
nations, in contrast, were found over only the left hemi-
sphere. In additions, postnatal exposure resulted in
categorical discrimination associated with slower la-
tency components, suggesting a less mature pattern
than that obtained for prenatally exposed monkeys.
Keywords: "Toxicology, 'Lead(Metal), Electrophysio-
logy, Monkeys, Laboratory animals, Reprints, Neuro-
physiology, Evoked responses.
PB87-212643/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Differential Recovery of 'tk' and 'hgprt' induced
Mutants In Mammalian Cells,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. M. Moore, K. H. Brock, D. M. DeMarini, and C. L.
Doerr. Jul 87, 28p EPA/600/D-87/226
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Health
Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park
NC.
Human genetic disease is known to result from both
point mutations and chromosomal aberrations. It is
therefore critical that short-term in vitro mammalian
tests be evaluated as to their capabilities for detecting
both types of lesions. Research to date indicates that
L5178Y/TK plus or minus -3.7.2C mouse lymphoma
cells permit the measurement of forward mutation at
the heterozygous tk locus. Extensive studies indicate
that these TK-deficient mutants result from both
single-gene mutations (small-colony mutants) as well
as mutations involving the expression of multiple loci
(large-colony mutants). Comparative mutagenicity
studies presented at this Banbury conference reveal a
quantitative difference in the ability of the tk and hgprt
loci to permit recovery of mutations affecting the ex-
pression of multiple loci. The observed HGPRT mutant
frequency underestimates the genotoxicity of com-
pounds acting as clastogens.
Keywords: "Mutations, "Animal cells, Genetics, Mice,
Cells(Biology), Culture media. Mutagen screening.
PB87-212650/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianate
Park, NC.
Chlorinated Organic By-Products of the Reaction
of N-Chloropiperidlne with Stomach Fluid from
Laboratory Animals. Journal article,
Old Dominion Univ., Norfolk, VA. Dept. of Chemical
Sciences.
F. E. Scully, K. E. Mazina, H. P. Ringhand, and E. K
Chess. Jul 87,25p EPA/600/D-87/230
Grant EPA-R-813092
Prepared in cooperation with Battelle Pacific North-
west Labs., Richland, WA. Sponsored by Health Ef-
fects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
When (36)CI-N-chloropiperidine (NCP) (300 mg/L as
CI2) was mixed with stomach fluid from laboratory rats
(fasted either 24 or 48 hr) and incubated in the dark for
30 min at 37 deg C and at higher pH values, approxi-
mately one-third was reduced to chloride and between
7% and 63% of the radiolabel was found to chromato-
graph in a manner distinctly different from (36)CI-chlo.
ride or (36)CI-NCP. This new fraction is referred to as
the (36)CI-chloroorganic fraction. The remainder of tha
radiolabel was associated with (36)CI-NCP.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Chlorine organic compounds, "Toxicol-
ogy, "Water treatment. 'Potable water, "Chlorides, Pi-
peridines, Gastric juice, Rats, Laboratory animals,
Chemical reactions, pH, Chlorination, Piperidine/
chloro.
PB87-212668/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Characterization of Treatment Residues from
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Dis-
posal Facilities,
Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Wakefield, MA.
B. D, Kaplan. Jul 87, 22p EPA/600/D-87/227
Contract EPA-68-03-3166
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
To implement the Congressionally mandated land dis-
posal prohibitions of the 1984 amendments to the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), EPA
must determine whether adequate treatment technol-
ogies exist, what wastes can be treated and how effec-
tively, what residues and environmental discharges
are produced, and what the associated costs are. As
part of the program to develop this information, char-
acterization of treatment residues from technologies
treating or destroying wastes that have been listed for
priority action were determined. The primary focus of
the study was to characterize residues resulting from
treatment of solvent (F001-F005) wastes and metal-
bearing (inorganic compounds on the California list)
hazardous wastes. A divesity of waste types, process
configuration, and operating procedures were exam-
ined. Data are presented on waste and treatment resi-
due characteristics, including data from a second gen-
eration leaching procedure, the Toxicity Characteristic
Leaching Procedure (TCLP) and its predecessor, the
EP Toxicity Characteristic.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, 'Waste disposal,
"Waste treatment, Toxicity, Industrial wastes, Con-
taminants, Tables(Data), Solvents, Residues, Land
treatment, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.
PB87-212676/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Review of Treatment Methods for Removal of
Uranium from Drinking Water,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
T. J. Sorg. Jul 87, 20p EPA/600/D-87/228
The paper summarizes recent information on the ef-
fectiveness of various methods for uranium removal
from drinking water supplies. A variety of methods
have beer studied and reported upon, however, most
of the information was developed from either laborato-
ry or pilot plant studies. Very limited data exists for full
scale treatment systems. Treatment methods dis-
cussed include conventional coagulation/filtration,
lime softening, ion exchange, activated alumina,
granular activated carbon, and reverse osmosis.
Keywords: 'Uranium, 'Water treatment, Water soften-
ing, Filtration, Potable water, Ion exchanging, Activat-
ed carbon treatment, Osmosis, Reprints.
PB87-212684/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Determination of Henry's Law Constants of Se-
lected Priority Pollutants,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
H P. Warner, J. M. Cohen, and J. C. Ireland. Jul 87,
18p EPA/600/D-87/229
The Henry's law constants (H) for 41 selected priority
pollutants were determined to characterize these pol-
lutants and provide information on their fate as they
pass through wastewater treatment systems. All ex-
perimental values presented for H are averages of two
or more replicates. Calculated values are based on
data from many published sources. Many calculated
results correspond closely to the experimental values,
several deviate significantly, and no values could be
calculated for some compounds due to insufficient
data.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Air pollution, 'Henry's
law, "Toxicity, Sewage treatment. Waste water, Vapor-
izing, "Priority pollutants, Path of pollutants, Volatile or-
ganic compounds, Toxic substances.
PB87-212G92/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Cadmium Speciation in Aquatic-Life Flow-through
Bioassay Diluters,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. E. Poldoski, D. A. Benoit, A. R. Carlson, and V. R.
Mattson. Jul 87,38p EPA/600/D-87/236
A framework of cadmium speciation studies is de-
scribed for flow-through mini-diluter bioassay systems
which employs Lake Superior water containing added
concentrations of calcium carbonate, Aldrich humic
acid and/or less than 2 microns suspended Lake Su-
perior red clay. Aspects of the flow-through diluter
function were qualitatively related to major changes in
the observed Cd(2 f) concentration as a function of
time and different water quality chemical variables.
The most significant variable was the red clay, which
markedly accelerated the rate of loss of Cd(2 + ) from
Lake Superior water containing added CaC03. This
acceleration factor was highly sensitive to other varia-
bles such as pH and humic acid. In addition, ion selec-
tive electrode (ISE) potentiometry, dialysis, and mem-
brane filtration were used to verify an ionic chemical
equilibrium model designed to describe various dis-
solved cadmium specie concentrations.
Keywords: 'Cadmium, 'Water pollution, 'Lake Superi-
or, Chemical reactions, Concentration(Composition),
Calcium carbonates, Humic acids, Suspended sedi-
ments, Clay soils, Reaction kinetics, pH, Ions, Chemi-
cal equilibrium, Mathematical models, Potentiometric
analysis, Dialysis, Membranes, Filtration.
PB87-212718/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Approaches to Lung Function Assessment in
Small Mammals,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. L. Costa, and J. S. Tepper. Jul 87, 7^p EPA/600/D-
87/225
Contract EPA-68-02-4032
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The review chapter of pulmonary function assessment
in small mammals first discusses basic principles and
methods such as assessment of various pressures,
volumes and flows. The three types of plethysmo-
graphs (pressure, flow and barometric) used by animal
physiologists are evaluated with special reference to
frequency and phase response. A review of ventilatory
measurements, usually obtained in unanesthetized
animals, is presented. Topics discussed in this section
include: anesthesia, restraint, sensory irritation, pulmo-
nary mechanics, airway reactivity, double plethysmo-
graphy and control of ventilation.
Keywords: 'Lung, 'Laboratory animals, 'Toxicology,
Exposure, Animal physiology, Pressure, Ventilation,
Measurement, Response, Anesthetics, Volume.
PB87-212726/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Feasibility of Field Studies of Multlpollutant Inter-
actions,
New York Univ. Medical Center, NY. Inst, of Environ-
mental Medicine.
M. Lippmann. Jul 87,18p EPA/600/D-87/231
Grant EPA-R-811563
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The author provides an overview of the problems and
progress to date in studies of the respiratory health ef-
fects of multiple air pollutants. The problem arises be-
cause the preference for single (or even multiple) pol-
lutants in lab studies does not replicate the conditions
of actual exposure to complex pollutant mixtures for
the general population. The limits of interpretation pos-
sible in more realistic studies is stressed. The exam-
ples of S02-particulate matter and lead-nutritional fac-
tors are presented as two cases where laboratory-gen-
erated data lagged behind epidemiologic studies in
their ability to corroborate multiple exposure-disease
associations identified in field studies of humans. An
extensive review of laboratory and field studies of mul-
tipollutant interactions is provided. The paper ends
with a call for more field studies with enhanced meas-
urements of exposures, and outcomes.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Respiratory diseases, Expo-
sure. Aerosols, Lead(Metal), Sulfur dioxide, Public
health, Evaluation, Feasability, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), Environmental health.
PB87-212742/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
International Sulfur Deposition Model Evaluation
(ISDME),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
T. L. Clark, R. L. Dennis, S. Seilkop, M. Alvo, and E. C.
Voldner. Jul 87,25p* EPA/600/D-87/232
See also PB85-210847. Prepared in cooperation with
Analytical Sciences, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.,
Ottawa Univ. (Ontario), and Atmospheric Environment
Service, Downsview (Ontario).
Eleven linear-chemistry atmospheric models of sulfur
deposition were evaluated for each season of 1980.
The evaluation data set consisted of sulfur wet deposi-
tion amounts calculated from screened precipitation
chemistry measurements at 46 sites across eastern
North America. The focus of this study differed sub-
stantially from those of preceding model evaluation
studies in that the ISDME emphasized the ability of the
models to replicate, within the uncertainties of the ob-
servations, the spatial patterns of observed seasonal
amounts. Patterns of the predictions and observations
were constructed via an interpolation technique known
as simple kriging, which minimizes interpolation errors
and estimates uncertainties resulting from the interpo-
lation errors as well as measurement errors. The eval-
uation results indicated that for all seasons but spring,
the models generally did not mimic the observed loca-
tion of the seasonal maximum amounts of sulfur wet
deposition within the uncertainty limits. However, the
interpolated predictions of eight models were within
the uncertainty limits of the interpolated observations
across at least 80% of the evaluation region for at
least three seasons.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Sulfur inorganic
compounds, 'North America, Sulfur dioxide. Sulfates,
Comparison, Performance evaluation, 'International
sulfur deposition models, "Acid rain, 'Air pollution
sampling.
PB87-212767/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Rocky Mountain Add Deposition Modeling As-
sessment Project-Goals and Current Status,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
R. E. Morris, M. K. Liu, L. Svoboda, and A. Huber. Jul
87, 23p* EPA/600/D-87/233
Contract EPA-68-02-4187
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
The objective of the Rocky Mountain Acid Deposition
Modeling Assessment Project is to assemble an acid
deposition model based on currently available air qual-
ity and meteorological models and modules that ade-
quately describe the processes of acid deposition in
the Rocky Mountain region. The model would be used
in-house by Federal and State agencies in the western
states. After reviewing and selecting mesoscale mete-
orological and acid deposition models appropriate to
application in the Rocky Mountain region, three alter-
native modeling approaches were identified. The mod-
eling approach taken will depend upon the reoommen-
dations of the regulatory agencies. The resulting mod-
eling system should be operational by the end of
summer 1987.
Keywords: "Acid rain, "Water pollution, "Air pollution,
Mathematical models, Deposition, Spatial distribution,
Meteorology, Assessments, Rocky Mountain
Region(United States).
PB87-21277S/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Factors Influencing the Composition and Quantity
of Passenger Car Refueling Emissions. Part 2.
Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab
J. N. Braddock. Jul 87,37p EPA/600/D-87/234
See also Part 1, PB86-148467.
The study measured and characterized refueling emis-
sions from a 1986 Pontiac Grand Am using 3 test fuels,
including a winter, summer and intermediate blend
gasoline under a variety of seasonal temperature con-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ditions. It investigated three major parameters that
affect refueling emissions: fuel volatility, expressed as
Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP); dispensed fuel tempera-
ture (Td); and tank fuel temperature (Tt). In the study,
RVP varied from 10,0 to 13.3 psi, Td varied from 50 to
88 F, and Tt varied from 40 to 108 F, while the overall
hydrocarbon (HC) refueling emission rate ranged from
2.90 to 7.41 grams/gallon. Detailed hydrocarbon anal-
yses were completed for both the test fuels (dispensed
fuel and tank fuel) and the refueling vapor. The overall
mean (from all test fuels and temperature scenarios)
HC emission rate was 4.69 g/gal; the mean refueling
vapor was comprised of 79.7% paraffins, 13.6% ole-
fins, 5.8% aromatics, with an average carbon number
of 4.76; overall mean test gasoline was comprised of
39.5% paraffins, 7.7% olefins 49.0% aromatics, with
an average carbon number of 7.30. Butanes and pen-
tanes comprised about 70% of the total HC refueling
vapor.
Keywords: "Motor vehicles, * Air pollution, Experimen-
tal design, Hydrocarbons, Toluene, "Refueling, 'Emis-
sion factors, Benzene.
PB87-212791/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Decision Support System for Research Funding
Type. Rept. for Jul 86-Mar 87,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. Dept. of Industri-
al Engineering.
G. Ege, C. B. Oldham, and F. T. Princiotta. Jul 87,11 p
EPA/600/D-87/235
Grant EPA-R-813527
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper reports the results of the first 2 years of a 3-
year effort in developing a decision support system for
considering inhouse vs. extramural funding of projects
in government research and development organiza-
tions. The first year's effort concentrated on develop-
ing a preliminary decision model based on simplified
assumptions in order to analyze the unstructured deci-
sion process used and to help decision makers
become more aware of their decision environment
through the use of a simple yet formal decision model
prototype. This preliminary model was developed and
implemented in an EPA research and development
laboratory. In the second year, the simplifying assump-
tions were relaxed and the knowledge gained through
the preliminary model implementation was incorporat-
ed into the design of a more comprehensive decision
support system.
Keywords: 'Research management, 'Government
funds, 'Decision making, Mathematical models, Con-
tracted services, Pollution, Financing.
PBB7-212809/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
DNA Synthesis in the Fertilizing Hamster Sperm
Nucleus: Sperm Template Availability and Egg Cy-
toplasmic Control. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. J. Naish, S. D. Perreault, A. L. Foehner, and B. R.
Zirkin. C1987,12p EPA/600/J-87/051
Pub. in Biology of Reproduction, v36 p245-253 1987.
Prepared in cooperation with Johns Hopkins Univ.,
Baltimore, MD.
To assess the role of sperm template availability in the
regulation of DNA synthesis, the morphological status
of the fertilizing hamster sperm nucleus was correlated
with its ability to synthesize DNA after in vivo and in
vitro fertilization. Fertilized hamster eggs were incubat-
ed in (3)H-thymidine for varying periods before autora-
diography. None of the deconoensed sperm nuclei nor
early (Stage I) male pronuclei present after either in
vivo or in vitro fertilization showed incorporation of
label, even in polyspermic eggs in which more ad-
vanced pronuclei were labeled. In contrast, medium-
to-large pronuclei (mature Stage II pronuclei) consist-
ently incorporated (3)H-thymidine. To investigate the
contribution of egg cytoplasmic factors to the regula-
tion of DNA synthesis, the authors examined the timing
of DNA synthesis by microinjected sperm nuclei in
eggs in which sperm nuclear decondensation and
male pronucleus formation were accelerated experi-
mentally by manipulation of sperm nuclear disulfide
bond content. (Copyright (c) Biology of Reproduction
36, 245-253(1987).)
Keywords: "Deoxyribonucleic acids, 'Germ cells, Syn-
thesis, Fertilizing, Cell morphology, Cell nucleus, Cyto-
plasm, Thymidines, Hamsters, Laboratory animals,
Reprints, "DNA, "Sperm-ovum interactions, Tem-
plates.
PB87-212817/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Wet Deposition and Snowpack Monitoring Oper-
ations and Quality Assurance Manual,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co..
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
D. J. Chaloud, L. R. Todechiney, R, C. Metcalf, and B.
C. Hess. Jun 87,139p EPA/600/8-87/024
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The manual (user's guide) describes the quality assur-
ance plan and operations protocols for a comparative
study of snow collection instruments being conducted
on Mt Evans. Instruments to be compared include the
Aerochem Metrics Model 301 wet/dry deposition col-
lector, the Belfort Model 780-5 weighing rain gage, and
18 inch-diameter flanged bulk samplers. In addition,
ground measurements are made to provide a 'ground
truth' standard. Primary project objectives include as-
sessment of operational reliability, estimation of inter-
instrument and temporal variability, comparison of
water equivalent and matrix chemistry between the
collection devices and ground measurements, and
recommendation of instruments and sampling inter-
vals for future high altitude, complex terrain monitor-
ing.
Keywords: "Instruments, "Collecting methods, "Snow,
Manuals, Quality control, Reliability, Assessments,
Sampling, Accuracy, Terrain, Standards, Comparison,
Mount Evans, High altitude, "Snowpack.
PB87-212866/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Supplemental Ultraviolet-B Radiation
on the Growth and Physiology of Field-Grown
Soybean. Journal article,
Maryland Univ., College Park. Dept. of Botany.
N. S. Murali, and A. H. Teramura. C1986,12p EPA/
600/J-86/378
Grant EPA-R-808035
Pub. in Environmental and Experimental Botany, v26
n3 p233-242 1986. Sponsored by Corvalli9 Environ-
mental Research Lab., OR.
Soybeans were grown outdoors in field plots during
1983 and 1984 under ambient and 2 supplemental
levels of biologically effective ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radi-
ation (daily supplemental dose: 3.0 or 5.1 effective.
These correspond to a 16 and 25% ozone reduction
during clear sky conditions on the summer solstice. In
1983, neither cultivar showed any significant differ-
ences in growth, C02 assimilation, transpiration, sto-
matal conductance nor leaf water potential under en-
hanced levels of UV-B irradiation. By contrast in 1984,
during late vegetative and early reproductive stages of
development, leaf area and C02 assimilation in Essex
were significantly reduced while stomatal conductance
was increased by UV-B irradiation. The study illus-
trates that the effectiveness of enhanced levels of UV-
B radiation is related to several factors, including mi-
croclimatic conditions prevailing during the growing
season, cultivar, and the stage of plant development.
Keywords: "Ultraviolet radiation, 'Plant growth, "Soy-
bean plants, Plant physiology, Ozone, Reduction,
Summer, Leaves(Botany), Carbon dioxide, Transpira-
tion, Sensitivity, Plant reproduction, Tests, Reprints.
PB87-212874/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Analysis of Full-Scale SBR (Sequencing Batch Re-
actor) Operation at Grundy Center, Iowa. Journal
article,
Montgomery (James M.), Inc., Pasadena, CA.
R. L. Irvine, D. V. S. Murthy, M. L. Arora, J. L.
Copeman, and J. A. Heidman. C1987,10p EPA/600/J-
87/065
Contract EPA-68-03-1821
Pub. in Jnl. Water Pollution Control Federation, v59 n3
p132-138 Mar 87. Prepared in cooperation with Notre
Dame Univ., IN., and Grundy Center, IA. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
The Grundy Center, Iowa wastewater treatment plant
was designed to operate as a periodic process rather
than as a conventional continuous flow activated
sludge system because of the successful operation of
the Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) at Culver, Ind. A
series of plant modifications, completed in May 1985,
enabled the system to operate as a true SBR. A full-
scale study at Grundy Center was used to develop
plant operation procedures that would produce a high
quality effluent. The paper traces the operational histo-
ry of the Grundy Center Treatment Facility from start-
up through the study conducted in the summer of
1985.
Keywords: Waste water, Plant layout, Environmental
engineering, "Sewage treatment, "Activated sludge
process, "Water pollution control, Design criteria, Op-
erations, Pilot plants, Revisions, Prototypes, Reprints,
"Sludge treatment, Sequencing Batch Reactor.
PB87-212882/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Development of an Indoor Air Pollution Source
Emissions Database,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Public
Health.
P. C. Reist, J. C. Reaves, and J. B, White. Jul 87,9p*
EPA/600/D-87/221
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper discusses the design, structure, and theory
of a microcomputer-based relational database which
has been created to archive and retrieve published in-
formation concerning sources of indoor air pollutants.
The database is designed to be used by researchers,
architects, policy makers, and others as a research aid
to provide indoor air pollution source data for estimat-
ing emissions or predicting health effects.
Keywords: "Data bases, "Air pollution, "Information
systems, "Residential buildings, "Indoor air pollution,
Air quality, Stationary sources, Environmental health.
PB87-212890/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Protecting the Environment at Superfund Site*
through Chemistry,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
D. E. Sanning, and M.I. Black. Jul 87,17p EPA/600/
D-87/222
The paper presents an overview of the research activi-
ties conducted by the U.S. EPA Remedial Action Pro-
gram during the period of 1984 through September
1987. Special emphasis is placed on in-situ and on-site
technologies which utilize chemical techniques to mini-
mize the migration of contaminants from uncontrolled
hazardous waste sites. The subjects discussed in-
clude: delivery and recovery technologies; chemical
treatment of metals; chemical treatment of organics
and inorganics; and immobilization by chemical
means.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Waste dis-
posal, "Site surveys, Sites, Licenses, Public health,
Water pollution, Solid waste disposal, Chemistry'
"Solid waste management, "Superfund program, "Mu-
nicipal wastes, "Hazardous wastes, "Remedial ac-
tions, Land reclamation.
PB87-212908/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Respiratory Effects of Low Level Ozone Expo-
sure: Clinical Studies,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianaie
Park, NC.
W. F. McDonnell. Jul 87, 30p EPA/600/D-87/223
The purpose of the paper is to review results of some
of the controlled chamber studies of humans exposed
to ozone. The respiratory effects which are known to
occur during and following an acute exposure to ozone
are described. This is followed by a description of the
conditions under which effects can be expected in
man and of the populations in which these effects can
be observed. The paper concludes with discussions of
the health consequences of these effects and with the
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
phenomenon of attenuation of response following re-
peated exposures.
Keywords: 'Ozone, Exposure, Respiratory system,
Toxicity, Air pollution, 'Respiration, Environmental
health.
PB87-212916/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Destruction ot Organic Contaminants by Catalytic
Oxidation. Rept. for Aug 85-Jul 86,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. A. Ashworth, M. A. Palazzolo, and B. A. Tichenor.
Jul 87, 14p EPA/600/D-87/224
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
Prepared in cooperation with Air Force Engineering
and Services Center, Tyndall AFB, FL. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses the effectiveness of two catalytic
systems in destroying specific organic compounds (jet
fuel components, chlorinated solvents). (NOTE: Cata-
lytic incineration is used to destroy volatile organic
compounds contained in air emissions from a variety
of industrial processes.) The test vapor streams con-
sisted of low concentrations (3 to 200 ppmv) of mix-
tures which represented emissions from air strippers
used to treat contaminated groundwater at U.S. Air
Force bases. One system employed a metal oxide cat-
alyst in a fluidized bed. The other system used a fixed-
bed proprietary catalyst, supplemented with UV light
and ozone injection. Destruction efficiencies for the
fluidized-bed reactor were between 97 and 99% at suf-
ficiently high catalyst temperatures (500 C). Mixture
composition, air-to-gas ratio, and space velocity affect-
ed destruction efficiency minimally. Destruction effi-
ciencies for the UV-catalytic oxidizer ranged from 16 to
67% without ozone addition. With ozone, complete ox-
idation of the text mixture components was achieved,
but high concentrations of several unidentified reac-
tion products was observed.
Keywords. 'Organic compounds, 'Oxidation, Volatili-
zation, Catalysis, Jet engine fuels, Chlorinated sol-
vents, 'Air pollution control, "Catalytic oxidation.
PB87-212932/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Emersion in the Mangrove Forest Fish 'Rivulus
marmoratus': A Unique Response to Hydrogen
Sulfide. Journal article,
Charleston Coll., SC. Grice Marine Biological Lab.
D. C. Abel, C. C. Koenig, and W P. Davis. c1987, 8p
CONTRIB-68, EPA/600/J-87/061
Grant EPA-R-805469
Pub. in Environmental Biology of Fishes, v18 n1 p67-
72 1987. Prepared in cooperation with Scripps Institu-
tion of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA. Sponsored by En-
vironmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
The mangrove forest fish Rivulus marmoratus (Cyprin-
odontidae) has frequently been observed out of water,
a phenomenon generally attributed to habitat drying.
The authors tested the hypothesis that hydrogen sul-
fide, a substance characteristically found in their envi-
ronment, can serve as a stimulus for emersion. In the
field the authors found R. marmoratus in water with low
to moderate levels (< 250 ppb) of H2S. In the laborato-
ry, R. marmoratus leaped from water contaminated
with H2S at ecologically relevant concentrations
(median response at 123 ppb). Aquatic hypoxia did not
induce emersion, but prey capture did. Oxygen con-
sumption by both juveniles and adults decreased sig-
nificantly in air (27 and 25%, respectively). The results
suggest that avoidance of H2S and the ability to sur-
vive terrestrial conditions enable this species to per-
manently occupy an area of the forest unavailable to
other fishes.
Keywords: 'Stress(Physiology), "Fishes, "Swamps,
"Water pollution, Hydrogen sulfide, Responses, Tests,
COncentration(Composition), Survival, Ecology, Land,
Reprints, "Mangrove forests, "Rivulus marmoratus,
•Habitats.
PB87-212940/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Estimating Soil Water Content Using Cokriglng.
Journal article.
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
S R. Yates, and A. W. Warrick, c 1987, 10p EPA/600/
J-87/060
Pub. in Soil Science Society of America Jnl., v51 n1
P23-30 Jan/Feb 87. Prepared in cooperation with Ari-
zona Agricultural Experiment Station, Tucson,
Using cokriging, estimates and estimation variances of
the gravimetric moisture content (GMC) were made
using one and two additional random functions: the
bare soil surface temperature and the percent sand
content. Various measures of the differences and
quality of the estimates for kriging and cokriging were
calculated and compared on the basis of the sample
correlation and whether the auxiliary random functions
were over-sampled with respect to the GMC. The aver-
age estimation variance for cokriging compared to
kriging was reduced for all levels of absolute sample
correlation considered (i.e., 0.15-0.83). It was found
that the additional complexity of cokriging may be justi-
fied when the magnitude of the sample correlation ex-
ceeded 0.5 and the auxiliary functions were over-sam-
pled with respect to the GMC. (Copyright (c) Soil Sci-
ence of America Journal, January-February, 1987.)
Keywords: "Soil water, 'Estimating, Random func-
tions, Surface temperature, Sands, Geophysics,
'Moisture content, Cokriging, Kriging,
GMC(Gravimetric Moisture Content).
PB87-212957/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
CONTUR: A FORTRAN Algorithm for Two-Dlmen-
sional High-Quality Contouring. Journal article,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
S. R. Yates. 1987, 18p EPA/600/J-87/059
Pub. in Computers and Geosciences, v13 n1 p61-76
1987.
The contouring algorithm described allows one to
produce high-quality two-dimensional contour dia-
grams Irom values of a dependent variable located on
a uniform grid system (i.e., spacing of nodal points in x
and y directions is constant). Computer subroutines
(supplied) were developed and tested which carry out
the computations. Output from the subroutine is in the
form of a list of coordinates for each specified contour
level which can be used in a standard line-plot pro-
gram to generate user-tailored contour diagrams.
(Copyright (c) 1987 Pergamon Journals Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Contours, Plotting, Subroutines, Algo-
rithms, Reprints, CONTOUR computer program, Two
dimensional.
PB87-213088/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL, Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Open Lake Water Quality Conditions for Lake
Erie's Central and Eastern Basins, 1985. Final rept.,
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Center for Lake Erie Area
Rssssrch
L. A. Fay, and D. E. Rathke. Jan 87,214p EPA/905/4-
87/002, , GLNPO-87/07
Grant EPA-R-005859
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Chi-
cago, IL. Great Lakes National Program Office.
The 1985 Lake Erie surveillance/monitoring program
consisted of eight central basin and five eastern basin
surveys. Surveys were conducted from May through
November, examining concentrations of conventional
nutrients (e.g. phosphorus, nitrogen), dissolved
oxygen, chloride, conductivity and several additional
parameters. The eastern basin offshore epilimnion
waters indicated an oligotrophic water quality status
while the central basin was found to be borderline be-
tween oligotrophic and mesotrophic. For many of the
variables measured, no statistical difference in con-
centration was found between the surface waters of
the two basins. In contrast, the hypolimnion waters of
the two basins were found to be very different in re-
gards to oxygen content, oxygen depletion rates and
the concentrations of the nutrients measured.
Keywords: "Phosphorus, "Water pollution, "Lake Erie
Surveys, Monitoring, Nitrogen, Dissolved gases'
Oxygen,	Chlorides,	Conductivity]
Concentration(Composition), Seasonal variations!
Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), Water quality data "Eu-
trophication.
PB87-213112/HSU	PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Utility Boiler Radiant Furnace Resi-
dence Time/Temperature Characteristics: Field
Tests and Heat Transfer Modeling. Final rept. Oct
82-Sep 85,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
B. M. Cetegen, W. Richter, J. L. Reese, J. LaFond, and
B. A. Folsom. Jun 87,484p EPA/600/7-87/018
Contract EPA-68-02-3927
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report describes an investigation of the adequacy
of a modeling approach in predicting the thermal envi-
ronment and flow field of pulverized-coal-fired utility
boilers. Two 420 MWe coal-fired boilers were evaluat-
ed: a single-wall-fired unit and a tangentially fired unit,
representing the two commonest boilers in the U.S.
Extensive field measurements were conducted on
each unit to determine detailed temperature, heat flux
gas species composition, and flow field data for a
range of operating conditions. Separate modeling ap-
proaches were used to predict boiler thermal perform-
ance and flow characteristics. A three-dimensional
zone method of analysis was used to predict local and
overall heat transfer, temperature profiles, and fuel
burnout. Such predictive tools provide a sophisticated
treatment of radiative heat transfer, but are decoupled
from the furnace flow field. This input to the heat trans-
fer code was obtained from detailed measurements in
reduced scale isothermal physical flow models of the
two boilers. Comparisons between model predictions
and the detailed field measurement data have demon-
strated the viability of this approach in predicting fur-
nace performance, and in extrapolating limited avail-
able data to alternate operating conditions. Overall
thermal performance can, in general, be predicted ac-
curately.
Keywords: "Boilers, Thermal environments. Flow dis-
tribution, Utilities, Pulverized fuels, Mathematical
models, Gases, Particles, Air pollution, Ohio, 'Coal
fired power plants, Pollution control. Stationary pollut-
ant sources, Duck Creek power plant, Conesville
power plant.
PB87-213229/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Responses of Estuarine Macrofauna Colonizing
Sediments Contaminated with Fenvalerate. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
M. E. Tagatz, R. S. Stanley, G. R. Plaia, and C. H.
Deans. 1987, 7p EPA/600/J-87/062
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v6
p21-25 1987.
Macrobenthic animal communities that colonized un-
contaminated and fenvalerate-contaminated sand
(0.1, 1 and 10 micrograms/g, nominal) during 8 weeks
in an estuary were compared to assess effects of fen-
valerate on community structure. As much as 27% of
initial concentrations of this synthetic pyrethrin persist-
ed in sediment at the end of the test. Total number of
species in communities exposed to 10 micrograms/g
was significantly less than that in the control and lower
concentrations. Of the dominant phyla collected (An-
nelida, Mollusca, Chordata and Arlhropoda), abun-
dance of chordates only (primarily lancelets, Bran-
chiostoma caribaeum), was reduced by 10 micrograms
fenvalerate/g. Biological indices applied to the data
showed the greatest structural differences for commu-
nities exposed to the highest concentration, but these
did not differ substantially from those for the control.
Effective concentration for sediment-bound exposure
was five orders of magnitude greater than that for wa-
terbome exposure determined in earlier benthic com-
munity studies.
Keywords: "Water pollution, 'Insecticides, 'Toxicity,
"Estuaries, Environmental surveys, Pyrethrum,
Benthos, Contamination, Exposure, Sediments,
Marine biology, Reprints, "Fenvalerate, "Water pollu-
tion effects(Plants), "Water pollution effects(Animals),
Ecosystems.
PB87-213237/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparison of Laboratory Toxicity Test Results
with Responses of Estuarine Animals Exposed to
Fenthlon in the Field. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
J. R. Clark, P. W. Borthwick, L. R. Goodman, J. M.
Patrick, and E. M. Lores. 1987, 12p EPA/600/J-87/
063
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v6
p151-160 1987.
Acute, lethal effects of fenthion (an organophosphate
insecticide) on mysids (Mysidopsis bahia), grass
shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio), pink shrimp (Penaeus
duorarum), and sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon
variegatus) were determined in laboratory tests and
after field applications. Exposures at tour field sites
ranged from short-term exposures ( < or = 12 h) of
rapidly decreasing fenthion concentrations to ex-
tended intervals (> 72 h) with slowly increasing or de-
creasing fenthion concentrations. Laboratory-derived
LC50s provided a reliable benchmark for predicting
acute, lethal effects of fenthion on caged animals in
the field when exposures persisted for 24 h or more
but overestimated the toxicity for exposures <24 h.
Laboratory pulse-exposure tests with rapidly changing
concentrations for 12 h were predictive of nonlethal
and lethal effects observed for short-term field expo-
sures.
Keywords: "Water pollution, 'Insecticides, 'Toxicity,
•Estuaries, 'Marine biology, Aquatic animals, Expo-
sure, Field tests, Laboratory animals, Contaminants,
Reprints, 'Fenthion, 'Waterpollution effects(Animals),
Ecosystems.
PB87-213245/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Timing of Hamster Sperm Nuclear Decondensa-
tion and Male Pronucleus Formation Is Related to
Sperm Nuclear Disulfide Bond Content. Journal ar-
ticle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.
S. D. Perreault, S. J. Naish, and B. R. Zirkin. C1987, 9p
EPA/600/J-87/052
Pub. in Biology of Reproduction, v36 p239-244 1987.
Prepared in cooperation with Johns Hopkins Univ.,
Baltimore, MD. Dept. of Population Dynamics.
The relationship between the timing of both sperm nu-
clear decondensation and male pronucleus formation
in the oocyte and the relative level of disulfide bonds
within the sperm nucleus was evaluated. Four types of
hamster sperm nuclei, in which the extent of S-S bond-
ing differed, were microinjected into hamster oocytes,
and the time course of sperm nuclear decondensation
and male pronucleus formation was charted. Regard-
less of when decondensation occurred, formation of
the male pronucleus never preceded that of the
female pronucleus (which occurred 1.25-1.5 hours
after microinjection). However, sperm nuclei with few
S-S bonds were more likely than S-S rich nuclei to
transform into male pronuclei in synchrony with the for-
mation of the female pronucleus.
Keywords: "Germ cells, 'Cell nucleus, "Chemical
bonds, Hamsters, Time measurement,
Reproduction(Biology), Laboratory animals, Cytology,
Reprints, Disulfides, Oocytes, Epididymis.
PB87-213252/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Aluminum Speciation: A Comparison of Five Meth-
ods. Journal article,
Clemson Univ., SC. Dept. of Agronomy and Soils.
S. C. Hodges. C1987, 10p EPA/600/J-87/057
Pub. in Soil Science Society of America Jnl., v51 p57-
64 1987. Also pub. as South Carolina Agricultural Ex-
periment Station, Clemson Technical Contribution no.
2452. Prepared in cooperation with South Carolina Ag-
ricultural Experiment Station, Clemson. Sponsored by
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.. OR.
The objective of the study was to compare five meth-
ods with varying chemical approaches to the specia-
tion of aluminum (Al). The 8-hydroxyquinoline (HQ)
and ferron procedures were used to estimate the inor-
ganic, monomeric forms of AL at reaction times of 15
and 30 s, respectively. Two other procedures, an ion
exchange column procedure and a chelating resin pro-
cedure, were used primarily to measure organically
bound forms of Al. These were compared with a fluo-
ride (F) electrode technique which quantifies AI3 + ac-
tivity using equilibrium thermodynamic calculations
and measured values of F activity and total F. While
the evidence presented is by no means exhaustive,
when combined with the evidence of other investiga-
tors, it adds credence to the quantification of AI3 + ac-
tivity obtained using the fluoride-sensitive electrode
and suitable thermodynamic calculations. Perhaps
even more importantly, it provides a means of testing
other procedures for their ability to measure the toxic
forms of Al under well-controlled experimental condi-
tions. (Copyright (c) Journal of Soil Science Society of
America, 1987.)
Keywords: "Aluminum, Quantitative analysis, "Chemi-
cal analysis, "Soil chemistry, Toxicity, Ion exchangers,
Columns(Process engineering), Chelation, Toxicity,
Soil chemistry, 8-hydroxyquinoline, Fulvic acid, Envi-
ronmental pollution.
PB87-213260/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Gaseous Behavior of TCE (Trichloroethylene)
Overlying a Contaminated Aquifer. Journal article,
Tracer Research Corp., Tucson, AZ.
D. L. Marrin, and G. M. Thompson. c1987,10p EPA/
600/J-87/058
Pub. in Ground Water, v25 n1 p21-27 Jan/Feb 87.
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
Shallow soil gas (<2 meters deep) was collected and
analyzed for trichloroethylene (TCE) to determine the
relationship with ground-water contamination directly
below. The gaseous TCE plume was mapped with 46
probes and spanned three orders of magnitude in con-
centration (<0.001 to 2 mcg/1). TCE concentrations
in water from five monitoring wells around the study
site ranged from 4 to 2800 ppb and had a correlation
coefficient (r) of 0.90 with TCE concentrations in shal-
low soil gas, Vertical borings were completed to the
water table at four locations in order to obtain profiles
of soil gas contamination, air porosity, and water satu-
ration. Gaseous diffusion and air/water partitioning are
probably the dominant mechanisms involved in trans-
porting TCE from the ground water to the shallow soil
gas. (Copyright (c) Ground Water, January-February
1987.)
Keywords: "Ground water, "Contamination, "Organic
compounds, "Gases, Soil properties, Solubility, Vapor
pressure,	Diffusion,	Vaporizing,
Concentration(Composition), "Ethylene/trichloro,
Volatile organic compounds.
PB87-213278/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Chlordimeform on Heart Rate and Body
Temperature of Unanesthetized, Unrestrained
Rats. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
W. P. Watkinson, and C. J. Gordon. 1987, 10p EPA/
600/J-87/049
Pub. in Toxicology Letters, v35 p209-216 1987.
Heart rate (HR) and body temperature (TEMP) were
monitored in unanesthetized, unrestrained adult rats
following intraperitoneal administration of 0, 10, 30, or
60 mg/kg of the pesticide chlordimeform (CDM). Al-
though significant decreases were observed in both
HR and TEMP in all treated groups, the HR response
was of a lesser magnitude than that which was report-
ed in previous studies from this laboratory using anes-
thetized animals. The attenuation of the toxic re-
sponse seen in the present study may be casually re-
lated to the observed decrease in TEMP.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Heart rate, Body temperature,
Hypothermia, Pesticides, Rats, Laboratory animals,
Reprints, 'Chlordimeform.
PBB7-213286/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Surface Distribution of Flash-Evoked and Pattern
Reversal-Evoked Potentials In Hooded Rats. Jour-
nal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. S. Dyer, C. C. Clark, and W. K. Boyes. Sep 86,10p
EPA/600/J-87/048
Pub. in Brain Research Bulletin, v18 p227-234 Feb 87.
Stimultaneous recording from 21 electrode sites in a
4x4 mm area over the posterior cortex was used to de-
termine the surface distribution of all major peaks
which constitute flash evoked potentials (FEPs) and
pattern reversal evoked potentials (PREPs) in hooded
rats. Topographical maps were constructed with re-
spect to bregma and midline reference points. The
data indicate that not all of the peaks which constitute
either evoked potentials have their greatest amplitude
within the classically defined primary visual cortex. Fur-
ther, since the FEPs were produced by uniform stimu-
lation, the data suggest that surface regions of the rat
visual cortex differ in ways other than simply the por-
tion of the visual field from which information is re-
ceived.
Keywords: "Evoked potential, "Electrophysiologic re-
cording, "Visual perception, Rats, Laboratory animals.
Topographic maps. Reprints, "Evoked potentials/'
visual, FEP(Flash Evoked Potential), PREP(Pattem
Reversal Evoked Potential), Neurophysiology, Cortex-
es.
PB87-213294/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab Ada
OK.
Modeling Virus Survival and Transport in the Sub-
surface. Journal article,
Arizona Univ., Tucson. Dept. of Microbiology and Im-
munology.
M. V. Yates, S. R. Yates, J. Wagner, and C. P. Gerba
C1987, 19p EPA/600/J-87/0530
Grant EPA-R-811147
Pub. in Jnl. of Contaminant Hydrology, v1 n3 P329-345
Mar 87. Prepared in cooperation with Computer Sci-
ences Corp., Ada, OK., and Oklahoma State Univ.,
Stillwater. School of Chemical Engineering. Sponsored
by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab.. Ada
OK.
The significance of viruses as agents of waterbome
disease in the United States is just beginning to be rec-
ognized. The ability to predict how far viruses can be
transported and how long they can remain infective in
soil and groundwater is desirable from the standpoint
of planning the placement of sources of contamination
so that they will not have an impact on drinking-water
wells. This, in turn should have the effect of decreasing
the number of waterborne disease outbreaks caused
by viruses. The article reviews the factors that affect
the survival and migration of viruses in soils and
groundwater. It also discusses the efforts that have
been made to mathematically model the movement of
viruses in the subsurface, including the assumptions
made by the modelers. At this time, it appears that
modeling efforts are constrained by a lack of quantita-
tive information on virus interactions with soil and fluid
media, rather than on mathematical solution tech-
niques. (Copyright (c) 1987 Elsevier Science Publish-
ers B.V.)
Keywords: "Enteroviruses, "Mathematical models.
"Water pollution, Transport properties, Ground water!
Adsorption, Soil chemistry, Disease vectors, Percola-
tion, Reprints, "Waterborne diseases.
PB87-213302/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Models and Statistical Methods for Gaseous
Emission Testing of Finite Sources In Well-Mixed
Chambers. Journal article,
Arkansas Univ., Fayetteville. Dept. of Mathematical
Sciences
J. E. Dunn. C1987,9p EPA/600/J-87/055
Grants EPA-R-810009, EPA-R-812305
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v21 n2 p425-430
1987. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lab.
The paper proposes two families of mathematical
models to represent either the concentration of a gas-
eous emission in (or the accumulated amount exiting
from) a well-mixed, environmentally controlled teirt
chamber. A thin film model, which seems applicable to
such sources as carpet adhesive, has the capability of
isolating the true emission rate constant from chamber
effects. It has successfully modeled emissions of
methyl ethyl ketone, a C8 alcohol, and butyl propio-
nate from latex caulk. Chamber effects in the form of
temporary wall retention were identified for the latter
two compounds. An analogous, deep source, cttffu.
sion-limited model for plywood, etc., once fitted to a
data set, can be used to generalize to other combina-
tions of source surface area, chamber volume, and air
exchange rate. (Copyright (c) Atmospheric Journal
1987, Great Britain.)
.)
Keywords: "Air Pollution, "Test chambers, "Emission
"Latex, Methyl ethyl ketone. Mathematical models
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Diffusion, Gases, Environmental tests, Reprints, "Gas-
eous wastes, Volatile organic emissions, Butyl propio-
nate.
PB87-213310/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Monodlsperse Ferrous Phosphate Colloids in an
Anoxic Groundwater Plume. Journal article,
Massachusetts Inst, of Tech., Cambridge. Dept. of Civil
Engineering.
P. M. Gschwend, and M. D. Reynolds. C1987,21p
EPA/600/J-87/056
Grant EPA-R-B12466
Pub. in Jnl. of Contaminant Hydrology, v1 n3 p309-327
Mar 87. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental
Research Lab., Ada. OK.
Groundwater samples collected near a secondary-
sewage infiltration site on Cape Cod, Massachusetts,
were examined for colloidal materials (10-1000 nm). In
two wells the water contained a population of mono-
disperse 100-nm particles, detected using laser-light
scattering and autocorrelation data processing. SEM
and SEM-EDAX analysis of these colloidal materials
collected on ultrafilters confirmed the laser light scat-
tering result and revealed that these microparticles
consisted of primarily iron and phosphorus in a 1.86 Fe
to 1.0 P stoichiome'ric ratio. Chemcial analyses of the
water samples, together with equilibrium solubility cal-
culations, strongly suggest that the ion-activity product
should exceed the solubility product of a 100-nm diam-
eter predominantly vivianite-type colloidal phase. In
light of the results, researchers conclude that these
microparticles were formed by sewage-derived phos-
phate combining with ferrous iron released from the
aquifer solids, and that these colloids may be moving
in the groundwater flow. Such a subsurface transport
process could have major implications regarding the
movement of particle-reactive pollutants traditionally
viewed as non-mobile in groundwater. (Copyright (c)
1987 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.)
Keywords: Fluid infiltration, "Ground water, Wells,
Sewage disposal, Sorbents, Contaminants, Sorption,
Surface chemistry, Reprints, "Ferrous phosphate.
Cape Cod(Massachusetts).
PB87-213534/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Design of a Great Lakes Atmospheric Inputs and
Sources (GLAIS) Network,
~e Paul Univ., Chicago, IL.
T. J. Murphy. Mar 87,45p EPA/905/4-87/001,,
GLNPO-87/03
Grant EPA-R-005818
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Chi-
cago, IL. Great Lakes National Program Office.
The report includes the design of a network aimed at
determining the identity, amounts, and sources of the
materials coming into the Great Lakes from the atmos-
phere. It is meant to discuss what is known and what
needs to be known about sampling atmospheric inputs
to lakes. It does not strive to be thorough and compre-
hensive as this is not possible for such a broad subject.
Keywords: "Atmospheric composition, "Air pollution,
"Great Lakes, Design criteria, Monitoring, Particles,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Rain gages, Samplers,
Snowfall, Air masses, Air water interactions, Collecting
methods, Networks
PB87-213880/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Processes, Coefficients, and Models for Simulat-
ing Toxic Organics and Heavy Metals in Surface
Wfltfrs*
Iowa Univ., Iowa City. Dept. of Civil and Environmental
Engineering.
J L Schnoor, C. Sato, D. McKechnie, and D. Sahoo.
Jun 87, 318p EPA/600/3-87/015
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Athens,
GA.
The reference manual provides kinetics formulations
for users of models that compute the fate of toxic or-
ganic chemicals and heavy metals in natural surface
waters. Rates and coefficients provided in the manual
were collected through literature reviews through
1986. The manual describes basic concepts of trans-
port and transformation mechanisms. Development of
generalized mathematical models and analytical solu-
tions to the equations are demonstrated. The manual
includes a brief general description of four models
(EXAMS, TOXIWASP, HSPF, and MINTEQ), example
runs, and comparisons of these models.
Keywords: "Water analysis, Manuals, Mathematical
models, Kinetics, Analytical methods, "Toxic sub-
stances, "Heavy metals.
PB87-213914/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
DRASTIC: A Standardized System for Evaluating
Ground Water Pollution Potential Using Hydro-
geologic Settings,
National Water Well Association, Dublin, OH.
L. Aller, T. Bennett, J. H. Lehr, R. J. Petty, and G.
Hackett. Jun 87, 643p EPA/600/2-87/035
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
A methodology is described that will allow the pollution
potential of any hydrogeologic setting to be systemati-
cally evaluated anywhere in the United States. The
system has two major parts: the designation of mappa-
ble units, termed hydrogeologic settings, and the su-
perposition of a relative rating system called DRAS-
TIC. Hydrogeologic settings form the basis of the
system and incorporate the major hydrogeologic fac-
tors which affect and control ground-water movement
including depth to water, net recharge, aquifer media,
soil media, topography, impact of the Vadose zone
media and hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer, Hydro-
geologic settings are combined with these factors to
create units which can be graphically displayed on a
map. The system optimizes the use of existing data to
rank areas with respect to pollution potential.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Water pollution. United
States. Hydrogeology, Ratings, Aquifers, Waste dis-
posal, Hydraulic conductivity, Water table, Soil proper-
ties, Topography, Agriculture, "Ground water move-
ment, "DRASTIC index, Vadose zone.
PB87-213963/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
National Dioxin Study: Tiers 3, S, 6, and 7.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Monitoring and Data Support Div.
Feb 87,208p EPA-440/4-87/003
See also PB86-232857.
The report contains the results of an investigation by
the U.S. Environments! Protection Agency to deter-
mine the extent of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
(2,3,7,8-TCDD) contamination in the environment. The
report presents the findings and conclusions from four
of the seven tiers (Tiers 3,5,6, and 7). These four tiers
are: Tier 3 sites where 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-
TCP) or its derivatives were formulated, blended, and
packaged. Tier 5 sites where suspected contaminated
pesticides were commercially applied; Tier 6 sites
where certain other chemical processes could inad-
vertently form 2,3,7,8-TCDD; and Tier 7 background
soil and fish sites. More than 4,000 samples from 862
sites nation-wide were collected and analyzed for this
investigation. Sampled media included soil, sediment,
fish, and various animal and plant tissues. The report
also presents discussions of the environmental fate
processes and health assessments related to 2,3,7,8-
TCDD exposure. Finally, the report describes the qual-
ity assurance program implemented to meet the objec-
tives of the study.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Combustion products, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Fly ash, Flue gases, Re-
views, Pesticides, Tables(Data), "Stationary sources,
"Emission factors, "Dioxins, "Air pollution sampling,
Dibenzodioxin/tetrachloro, Dibenzofurans, Polychlori-
nated dibenzodioxins.
PB87-214672/HSU'	PC A08/MF A01
Report on 1984-88 Federal Survey of PCBs (Poly-
chlorinated Blphenyls) in Atlantic Coast Bluefish.
interpretive Report.
National Marine Fisheries Sen/ice, Washinqton, DC
Mar 87,169p NOAA-NMFS-86-2
See also PB86-218070. Prepared in cooperation with
Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD., and En-
vironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
The report provides a description of a two year study
on the levels of PCBs in east coast bluefish and pro-
vides an assessment of any potential health effects
from PCBs in bluefish.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Marine fishes, "Coasts,
"North Atlantic Ocean, Surveys, Biphenyl, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Chemical analysis, Statistical analy-
sis, Pesticides, Biphenyl/Chloro, Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls, "Bluefish.
PB87-214854/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Characteristics, Deposition and Fate of Inhaled
Particulate Matter,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
D. Armentrout, and B. Locke. Dec 86,53p* EPA/600/
8-87/002
Contract EPA-68-02-3976
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment.
Accurate estimates of absorption and fate for particu-
late matter in the respiratory track are difficult because
of complexities in particle composition and morpholo-
gy. Several deficiencies in information further compli-
cate the ability to make accurate estimates. Available
models for making estimates range from single models
based on assumed particle size distribution to more
complex models based on a variety of parameters.
Most work in the area of estimating particle fate follow-
ing inhalation has been done on aerosols of known
composition. Additional work is needed to categorize
properties of inhalable particles with respect to com-
position in addition to morphology. Additional research
is needed to define the effects of pulmonary disease
on particle clearance from the lung. Additional re-
search also is needed to better explain the mechanics
of clearance from the pulmonary region of the lung.
Keywords: "Particles, "Air pollution, "Lung, Respira-
tion, Absorption, Aerosols.
PB87-214862/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
National Surface Water Survey: Western Lake
Survey (Phase 1 - Synoptic Chemistry) Quality As-
surance Plan,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
M. E. Silverstein, S. K. Drouse, J. L. Engels, M. L.
Faber, and T. E. Mitchell-Hall. Jun 87,120p* EPA/
600/8-87/026
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
See also PB87-182630. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The purpose of the National Surface Water Survey of
the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program is
to evaluate the present water chemistry of lakes and
streams, to determine the status of certain biotic re-
sources, and to select regionally representative sur-
face waters for a long-term monitoring program to
study changes in aquatic resources. The Western
Lake Survey is part of the National Surface Water
Survey. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency re-
quires that data collection activities be based on a pro-
gram which ensures that the resulting data are of
known quality and are suitable for their intended pur-
pose. This quality assurance plan describes in detail
the quality assurance requirements and procedures
that are unique to the Western Lake Survey - Phase I.
Keywords: "Acidification, "Lakes, "Water pollution,
"Air pollution, Surveys, Chemical analysis. Field tests,
Sampling, Depth, Transparence, Stratification, pH, In-
organic sulfates, Helicopters, Laboratories, Flow
charts, Quality control, "Acid precipitation, Western
region(United States).
PB87-214870/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Separation of Dilute Hazardous Organics by Low
Pressure Composite Membranes. Final rept. Apr
85-Dec 86,
Kentucky Univ., Lexington. Dept. of Chemical Engi-
neering.
D. Bhattacharyya, T. Barranger, M. Jevtitch, and S.
Greenleaf. Jul 87,189p EPA/600/2-87/053
Contract EPA-R-811976
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The separation of dilute hazardous organics was ac-
complished through this project utilizing thin-film com-
posite aromatic polyamide membranes. This technique
offers advantages in terms of high solute separation at
low pressures (1-2 MPa) and broad pH operating
ranges (pH 2 to 12). The synthetic organic waste solu-
tions used in the study include: poly aromatic hydrocar-
bons (PAH), phenol, chlorophenols, nitrophenols, and
chlorobenzenes. The actual organic waste solution
was obtained from the site of a former wood treatment
processing plant in Texas and was known to contain
chlorophenols. The membrane showed excellent sta-
bility over long periods of time. Standard NaCI rejec-
tions were 97-99% and the average pure water flux at
2.068 MPa was about 14 times 10 to the minus 4
power (cu. cm./sq. cm.s).
Keywords: 'Separation, 'Hazardous materials, Mem-
branes, Permeability, Chemical industry, "Water pollu-
tion control, "Toxic substances.
PB87-215331/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Characterization of Indoor Sources of Air Con-
taminants: Report on a Technical Conference,
John B. Pierce Foundation Lab., New Haven, CT.
B. P. Leaderer. Jul 87,67p" EPA/600/9-87/014
Grant EPA-R-812489
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report describes a technical conference, 'Charac-
terization of Contaminant Emissions from Indoor
Sources,' held in Chapel Hill, NC, May 13-15, 1985, to
assess the status of methodological issues in the labo-
ratory and field evaluation of air contaminants from
indoor sources. A total of 29 invited papers were pre-
sented in five technical sessions during the 3-day con-
ference. A sixth session was a panel discussion sum-
marizing the conference findings, led by the confer-
ence chairman and the five session chairmen. The
papers presented at the conference and the session
summaries, written by the session chairmen, have
been published in Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 21,
No. 2, February 1987. The report contains a descrip-
tion of the purpose of the conference, a conference
program, abstracts of the papers presented, a list of at-
tendees, and a conference review.
Keywords: "Houses, Meetings, Radon, Residential
buildings, Volatile organic compounds, Combustion,
Tobacco, Formaldehyde, Construction materials, Bio-
assay, "Indoor air pollution, "Air pollution control.
PB87-215349/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Study of Joint Use of Vehicles for Transportation
of Hazardous and Nonhazardous Materials. A
Report to Congress.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Apr 87,116p EPA/540/1-87/001
The study includes both trucks and rail cars, and in-
cludes all potential hazardous materials, substances,
and wastes. The EPA identified only a small number of
joint-use contamination incidents reported over a 30-
year period in the United States, and determined that
the existing regulatory and nonregulatory incentives to
minimize or avoid contamination were sufficient so that
it appears inappropriate at this time to recommend a
complete prohibition of the joint use of vehicles. The
Agency also is not recommending at this time any fur-
ther study of the joint-use issue. The Agency believes
that further study will not alter the fundamental conclu-
sion of this report that joint use of vehicles to transport
hazardous and nonhazardous materials is not a signifi-
cant problem.
Keywords: Requirements, Trucks, Railroad cars.
Waste disposal, Contaminants, "Waste transportation,
"Hazardous materials transportation. Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986.
PB87-2153S6/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Development and Demonstration of Indoor Radon
Reduction Measures for 10 Homes in Clinton, New
Jersey. Final rept. Apr 86-Jan 87,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
L. D. Michaels, T. Brennan, A. S. Viner, A. Mattes, and
W. Turner. Jul 87,176p* REPT-471U-3065-52, EPA/
600/8-87/027
Contract EPA-68-02-3992
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report discusses the development and demon-
stration of indoor radon reduction methods for 10
houses in Clinton, New Jersey, where (in the spring of
1986) the New Jersey Department of Environmental
Protection (DEP) located a cluster of houses with ex-
tremely high radon levels. The work was to be com-
pleted before the 1986-87 winter heating season
began. The demonstration houses were selected from
56 in the Clinton Knolls subdivision. All of these
houses had shown radon concentrations in excess of
64 pCi/1 when monitored in the spring of 1986. Each
house was inspected, and 10 representative houses
were selected for the radon reduction demonstration
project. Following intensive diagnostic work and moni-
toring in each house, house-specific radon reduction
plans were developed. With the agreement of the
homeowners, radon reduction systems were installed
during the summer of 1986. All 10 of the houses had
radon concentrations reduced significantly by the fall
of 1986. The average cost of radon reduction was
$3,127.
Keywords: "Houses, 'Radon, Ventilation, New Jersey,
Residential buildings, Clinton(New Jersey), 'Indoor air
pollution, 'Air pollution control, Radiation monitoring,
Soil gases.
PB87-215372/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Ecological Recovery After Reclamation of Toxic
Spoils Left by Coal Surface Mining. Phase 2. An
Assessment of Environmental Changes Following
Intensive Remedial Treatments. Rept. for Jul 75-
Sep 81,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Norris. Div. of Land and
Economic Resources.
T. G. Zarger, D. H. Scanlon, C. P. Nicholson, S. R.
Brown, and L. B. Starnes. Jul 87,144p EPA/600/2-
87/052
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The study involves a selected watershed in which sur-
face mining and unsuccessful reclamation efforts in
the early 1970s resulted in adverse environmental im-
pacts. Work on the east Tennessee problem mine
sought to correct reclamation deficiencies by applying
land stabilization treatments and then to evaluate their
effectiveness by measuring the degree of recovery of
the affected terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Condi-
tions documented during the mining and reclamation,
and those following restorative treatments provide a
measure of ecological recovery. Evaluations on envi-
ronmental effects cover vegetation, soils, water qual-
ity, aquatic macroinvertebrates, fish, small mammals,
birds, and sedimentation.
Keywords: 'Spoil, 'Land reclamation, 'Water pollu-
tion, Surface mining, Tennessee, Environmental im-
pacts, Aquatic animals, Soil erosion. Sedimentation,
Monitoring, Tables(Data), Baseline studies.
PB87-215380/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Technologies and Costs for the Treatment of Mi-
crobial Contaminants in Potable Water Supplies
(Revised Draft Final).
Pirnie (Malcolm), Inc., Paramus, NJ.
Apr 87,341p*
Contract EPA-68-01 -6989
Prepared in cooperation with CWC-HDR, Inc., Camer-
on Park, CA. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
The document discusses water treatment technol-
ogies and associated cost for removing turbidity, Giar-
dia, viruses and bacteria from public drinking water
supplies. The document discusses the technologies
which can be used to comply with the EPA's proposed
surface water treatment requirements plus the total
coliform maximum contaminants levels (MCLs). (An
extensive source reference is provided.) Technologies
discussed include conventional treatment (coagula-
tion, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration), direct
filtration, diatomaceous earth filtration, slow-sand fil-
tration, and package plants. Disinfection methods dis-
cussed include chlorine, chlorine dioxide, chloramines
and ozone. Alternative filtration and disinfection tech-
nologies are also discussed.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Contaminants, "Microor-
ganisms, Water treatment, Turbidity, Bacteria, Disin-
fection, Filtration, 'Water pollution control. Drinking
water, Giardia, Viruses.
PB87-215463/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Permit Guidance Manual on Unsaturated Zone
Monitoring for Hazardous Waste Land Treatment
Units. Final Report.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Oct 86,160p EPA/530/SW-86/040
See also PB87-152187.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The manual provides guidance on unsaturated zone
monitoring at hazardous waste land treatment units for
use by permit applicants and permit writers in develop-
ing effective monitoring systems to comply with the
Part 264, Subpart M regulations. The manual covers
both soil core and soil pore-liquid monitoring, and ad-
dresses equipment selection, installation, and oper-
ation, sampling procedures, chain of custody consider-
ations, and data evaluation. The installation and sam-
pling procedures are presented in a step-by-step
format so that the manual may be more readily used by
field personnel. The manual and other EPA guidance
documents do not supersede the regulations promul-
gated under RCRA and published in the Code of Fed-
eral Regulations. They provide guidance, interpreta-
tions, suggestions, and references to additional infor-
mation. Also, this guidance is not intended to mean
that other designs might not also satisfy the regulatory
standards.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, Manuals, Degrada-
tion, Public health, Sites, Licenses, Soil properties,
'Environmental monitoring, 'Land applications.
PB87-215869/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Final Regulatory Impact Analysis 40 CFR (Code at
Federal Regulations) Part 191: Environmental
Standards for the Management and Disposal of
Spent Nuclear Fuel, High-Level and Transuranic
Radioactive Wastes. Final rept.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Aug 85, 53p EPA/520/1-85/027
The Final Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA) addresses
the requirements of Section 2 of Executive Order No.
12291. It reviews the projected costs associated with
management and disposal of the high-level radioactive
wastes (or spent nuclear fuel) generated by nuclear
power plants. It then evaluates the potential effects on
the program for mined geologic repositories, as called
for by the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 (NWPA),
of the Agency's final environmental standards for difr
posal of these wastes.
Keywords: 'Benefit cost analysis, Nuclear fuels
Waste disposal, Costs, Containment, Regulations!
"Radioactive waste disposal, "Final regulatory impact
analysis.
PB87-215877/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
EERF (Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility)
Standard Operating Procedure* for Radon-222
Measurement Using Charcoal Canisters. Final
rept.,
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, Al.
D. J. Gray, and S. T. Windham. Jun 87,36p EPA/520/
1-87/005
The report describes in detail EPA's office of Radiation
Programs Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility's
standard operating procedures for radon-222 meas-
urement using charcoal canisters. It lists the materials
and equipment that are used and explains their labora-
tory and survey methods.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Radon, Measurement, "Charcoal, Adsorp-
tion, "Activated carbon, Radioactive isotopes, Equip-
ment, Laboratories, Standards, Surveys, Instruments,
"Radiation measurement, "Indoor air pollution, Canis-
ters.
P887-216149/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Radiation Data: Report 47, July-
September 1986. Final rept..
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
Jun 87, 55p EPA/520/5-87/006
See also report dated Sep 85, PB86-166311.
The report is compiled and distributed quarterly by the
Office of Radiation Programs' Eastern Environmental
Radiation Facility (EERF), Montgomery, Alabama, and
contains data from the Enviromental Radiation Ambi-
ent Monitoring System (ERAMS). Data from similar
networks operated by contributing States, Canada,
Mexico, and the Pan American Health Organization
are reported in the ERD when available.
Keywords: "Radioactivity, "Radiation monitoring, Fall-
out, Radioactive contaminants, Milk, Drinking water,
Air sampling, Radioisotopes, Surface water, Uranium,
Plutoniu, Strontium 90, Fission products.
PB87-216438/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Summary Review of the Health Effects Associat-
ed with Propylene Oxide: Health Issue Assess-
ment,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Jun 87,40p EPA/600/8-86/007F
The report provides a brief summary of the data avail-
able on the health effects of exposure to propylene
oxide. Emphasis is placed on determining whether
there is evidence to suggest that propylene oxide
exerts effects on human health under conditions and
at concentrations commonly experienced by the gen-
eral public. Both acute and chronic effects are ad-
dressed, including general toxicity, teratogenicity, mu-
tagenicity, and carcinogenicity. To place tne health ef-
fects discussion in perspective, the report also sum-
marizes air quality aspects of propylene oxide in the
United States, including sources, distribution, fate, and
concentrations associated with certain point sources.
Keywords: 'Propylene oxide, "Public health, "Ethers,
"Toxicity, "Air pollution, Chemical properties, Expo-
sure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, "Environmental health,
Air pollution effects(Humans), Environmental effects,
Occupational safety and health, CAS 75-56-9.
PB87-216446/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Optimization of Environmental Factors during the
Life Cycle of 'Mysidopsis bahia', Environmental re-
search brief,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
C. L. McKenney. Jun 87, 8p EPA/600/M-87/004
When considering both survival capacity of Mysidopsis
bahia (Mi bahia) through a complete life cycle and time
required for juvenile mysids to become reproductively
mature, salinity-temperature conditions of 20 parts per
thopis and by wgt. dissolved salts and 25 C appear op-
timal for this estuarine crustacean. Optimization of
growth and reproduction in the species requires a
feeding density of 2-3 Artemia nauplii per ml of sea-
water. For M. bahia this food density results in maxi-
mum growth, shortest duration prior to initiation of re-
production, and maximum young production.
Keywords: "Life cycles, "Estuaries, "Crustacea, "Toxi-
cology, Adaptation, Animal ecology, Animal physiolo-
gy, Salinity, Optimization, "Mysidoposis bahia.
PB87-218749/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Stationary Source Compliance Div.
Technical Assistance Document for Monitoring
Total Reduced Sulfur (TRS) from Kraft Pulp Mills.
Final rept.,	'
Enaineering-Science, Inc., Cary, NC.
W. i • Winberry. Dec 85, 382p EPA/340/1-85/031 A
Contract EPA-68-02-3962
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Stationary Source Compliance Div.
The document supports enforcement personnel in de-
termining whether a total reduced sulfur (TRS) contin-
uous emission monitoring (CEM system is operating
properly after initial compliance, in order to assure con-
tinuous compliance of Kraft pulp mills with TRS stand-
ards. The Kraft process, the applicable NSPS (Subpart
BB), common TRS CEM Systems, performance speci-
fication tests, and QA/QC are covered. Evaluation
forms covering all aspects of the TRS CEM system are
provided.
Keywords: "Technical assistance, "Air pollution con-
trol, "Sulfur, Emissions, Field tests, Inspection, Moni-
tors, Industrial wastes, Combustion products.
PB87-220596/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
BACT/LAER (Best Available Control Technology/
Lowest Achievable Emission Rate) Clearing-
house: A Compilation of Control Technology De-
terminations. Second Supplement to 1985 Edition.
Summary Tables and Appendices A-H. Final rept.,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
D. Dunbar, and C. Sorrell. Jun 87, 342p* EPA/450/3-
85/016-SUPPL-2
Contract EPA-68-02-3890
See also PB86-226974. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Emis-
sion Standards and Engineering Div.
The report explains the history of the BACT/LAER
Clearinghouse, the background of the report format
development, and acknowledges the continued sup-
port and effort of STAPPA and ALAPCO members.
The report contains three summary tables consisting
of: a list of new control technology determinations re-
ceived since May 1986, a list of all control technology
determinations that have been submitted, and a list of
control technology determinations for external com-
bustion sources (boilers). A detailed listing of source
type codes and abbreviations for process and emis-
sion limits are also shown. The report contains the de-
tailed source listings for the determinations submitted
in source type code 1.0 through source type code 12.0.
The detailed source listing normally contains the fol-
lowing information: source type and size; company
name and location; whether determination was BACT
or LAER for new or modified source; the person,
agency and phone number that made the determina-
tion; permit issue date; estimated date of start-up;
processes subject to the permit; through-put capacity;
pollutant(s) emitted; emission limits; control equipment
or process modification; a section for notes; and
review status dates.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, State government, In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Scrubbers,
Electrostatic precipitators, Heating equipment, "Best
technology, Baghouses.
PB87-221032/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Evaluation of Air Pollution Regulatory Strategies
for Gasoline Marketing Industry - Response to
Public Comments. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jul 87, 329p* EPA/450/3-84/012C
See also Executive Summary, PB84-231083.
The gasoline marketing industry (bulk terminals, bulk
plants, service station storage tanks, and service sta-
tion vehicle refueling operations) emit to the atmos-
phere several organic compounds of concern. These
include: volatile organic compounds (VOC), which con-
tribute to ozone formation; benzene, which has been
listed as a hazardous air pollutant based on human evi-
dence of carcinogencity; and gasoline vapors, for
which there is animal evidence of carcinogencity. This
document provides a summary of EPA responses to
public comments on environmental and economic
analysis published by EPA in 1984 (EPA-450/3-84-
012a and b). Changes made to EPA's 1984 analysis in
response to public comments, additional analyses per-
formed, and a summary of the results are contained in
a separate two-volume draft Regulatory Impact Analy-
sis document (EPA-450/3-87-001 a and b).
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Gasoline, Regula-
tions, Substitutes, Benzenes, Ozone, Hazardous mate-
rials, Risk, Halogen organic compounds, Economic
impact, Cost analysis, Volatile organic compounds,
"Fugitive emissions, "Toxic substances, Service sta-
tions.
PB87-221065/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Marine Operations Div.
Bioaccumulation Monitoring Guidance: Selection
of Target Species and Review of Available Bioac-
cumulation Data. Volume 1. Final rept.,
Tetra Tech, Inc., Bellevue, WA.
D. S. Becker, R. A. Pastorok, and M. B. Brooks-
McAuliffe. Mar 87,68p* EPA/430/9-86/005
Contract EPA-68-01-6938
See also Volume 2, PB87-221073. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Marine
Operations Div.
Monitoring the accumulation of toxic substances in tis-
sues of marine organisms is useful for assessing envi-
ronmental impacts of specific wastewater discharges
or evaluating water quality from a regional perspective.
Under Section 301(h) of the Clean Water Act, periodic
assessment of bioaccumulation in marine organisms is
specified as part of the biological monitoring programs.
The choice of target species is a key element of any
bioaccumulation monitoring program. The purpose of
the report is to provide guidance for selecting target
species for bioaccumulation monitoring studies.
Keywords: "Sewage disposal, "Invertebrates, "Toxici-
ty, "Water pollution, Selection, Monitoring,
Tissues(Biology), Environmental impacts, Manuals,
Fishes, Crabs, Lobsters, Concentration(Composition),
Metals, Organic compounds, Bioaccumulation.
PB87-221073/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Marine Operations Div.
Bioaccumulation Monitoring Guidance: Selection
of Target Species and Review of Available Bioac-
cumulation Data. Volume 2. Appendices. Final
rept..
Tetra Tech, Inc., Bellevue, WA.
D. S. Becker, R. A. Pastorok, and M. B. Brooks-
McAuliffe. Mar 87,387p" EPA/430/9-86/006
Contract EPA-68-01-6938
See also Volume 1, PB87-221065. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Marine
Operations Div.
Monitoring the accumulation of toxic substances in tis-
sues of marine organisms is useful for assessing envi-
ronmental impacts of specific wastewater discharges
or evaluating water quality from a regional perspective.
The appendices contain figures and tables used in se-
lection of target species for bioaccumulation monitor-
ing, evaluation of historical data sets for target spe-
cies, and compilation of historical data on priority pol-
lutant concentrations in recommended target and sec-
ondary species.
Keywords: "Sewage disposal, "Invertebrates, "Toxici-
ty, "Water pollution, Selection, Monitoring,
Tissues(Biology), Manuals, Fishes, Eels, Metals, Or-
ganic compounds, Concentration (Composition), Mus-
sels, Tables(Data), Bioaccumulation.
PB87-221081/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Marine Operations Div.
Evaluation of Survey Positioning Methods for
Nearshore Marine and Estuarine Waters. Final
rept.,
Tetra Tech, Inc., Bellevue, WA.
W. P. Meullenhoff, and T. M. Wood. Mar 87,123p
TETRAT-TC-3953-03, EPA/430/9-86/003
Contract EPA-68-01-6938
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Marine Operations Div.
Under regulations implementing Section 301(h) of The
Clean Water Act, municipalities are required to con-
duct monitoring programs to evaluate the impact of
their discharge on marine biota, to demonstrate com-
pliance with applicable water quality standards, and to
measure toxic substances in the discharge. This docu-
ment provides essential information for the evaluation
of operating characteristics and system costs of sta-
tion positioning equipment. Four main types of naviga-
tional instruments are considered in this document:
optical techniques, electro-optical methods, electronic
microwave systems, and satellite positioning equip-
ment.
Keywords: "Position indicators, "Water pollution, "Es-
tuaries, "Rivers, Monitoring, Navigational aids, Li-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
censes, Benthos, Optical measuring instruments, Sex-
tants, Performance evaluation, Theodolites, Operating
costs, Loran, Electrooptics, Tables(Data), "Water pol-
lution standards.
PB87-221164/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Marine Operations Div.
Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) for
301(h) Monitoring Programs: Guidance on Field
and Laboratory Methods. Final rept.,
Tetra Tech, Inc., Bellevue, WA.
A. Bailey, R. Barrick, S. Becker, G. Bilyard, and J.
Wilcox. Mar 87, 290p* TETRAT-TC-3953-04, EPA/
430/9-86/004
Contract EPA-68-01-6939
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Marine Operations Div.
Under regulations implementing Section 301 (h) of the
Clean Water Act, municipalities are required to con-
duct monitoring programs to evaluate the impact of
their discharge on marine biota, to demonstrate com-
pliance with applicable water quality standards, and to
measure toxic substances in the discharge. The col-
lection and analysis of high quality data require that
specific, established quality assurance and quality
control (QA/QC) protocols be adhered to in each of
these major monitoring programs. QA/QC procedures
are discussed for environmental variables that may be
measured in effluent, receiving water, sediment, and
organism tissues sampled. Procedures are provided
for sample collection, field sample handling, and labo-
ratory processing.
Keywords: "Quality assurance, "Water pollution,
"Quality control, Sampling, Analytical methods, Sedi-
ments, Effluents, Clean Water Act, Bioaccumulation.
PB87-221560/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Marine and Estuarine Protection.
Recommended Biological Indices for 301(h) Moni-
toring Programs, Final rept.,
Tetra Tech, Inc., Bellevue, WA.
G. R. Bilyard, and M. B. Brooks-McAuliffe. Mar 87,23p
TETRAT-TC-3953-03, EPA/430/9-86/002
Contract EPA-68-01-6938
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Marine and Estuarine Pro-
tection.
The purpose of the document is to develop recom-
mendations of those indices that should be used in the
interpretation of 301(h) biological monitoring data. The
Bray-Curtis similarity index, flexible sorting strategy,
group average sorting, dominance index, infaunal
index, biomass estimates, Hurlbert's PIE diversity
index, and the Shannon-Wiener H' index are discussed
and evaluated.
Keywords: "Aquatic biology, "Water pollution. Monitor-
ing, Regulations, Environmental impacts, Biomass,
Tolerances(Physiology), 'Clean Water Act, Section
301 (h), Bioindicators, Aquatic ecosystems, Species di-
versity.
PB87-221677/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Draft Regulatory Impact Analysis: Proposed Refu-
eling Emission Regulations for Gasoline-Fueled
Motor Vehicles. Volume 1. Analysis of Gasoline
Marketing Regulatory Strategies.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC,
Office of Air and Radiation.
Jul 87, 358p EPA/450/3-87/001 A
See also Volume 2, PB87-221685.
The gasoline marketing industry (bulk terminals, bulk
plants, service station storage tanks, and service sta-
tion vehicle refueling operations) emit to the atmos-
phere several organic compounds of concern. These
include: volatile organic compounds (VOC), which con-
tribute to ozone formation; benzene, which has been
listed as a hazardous air pollutant based on human evi-
dence of carcinogencity; and gasoline vapors, for
which there is animal evidence of carcinogencity. The
draft Regulatory Impact Analysis document is the first
volume of a two-volume set that was prepared by EPA
to fulfill the objectives of Title 3 - Executive Order
12291 (46 FR 13193, February 19,1981) as they apply
to future rulemaking on onboard control technology for
controlling vehicle refueling air emissions. Volume I
describes changes to an environmental and economic
analysis published by EPA in 1984 (EPA-450/3-84-
012a and b). Volume II summarizes the results of more
extensive supporting analyses of onboard costs and
benefits that were prepared in the course of develop-
ing the onboard rulemaking (EPA-450/3-87-001b).
Keywords: "Gasoline, Emissions, Volatile organic
compounds, Benzene, "Air pollution control, Station-
ary sources, Mobile sources, "Regulatory impact anal-
ysis.
PB87-221685/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Draft Regulatory Impact Analysis: Proposed Refu-
eling Emission Regulations for Gasoline-Fueled
Motor Vehicles. Volume 2. Additional Analysis of
Onboard Controls.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Air and Radiation,
Jul 87,48p EPA/450/3-87/001 B
See also Volume 1, PB87-221677.
The second volume supplements the first volume of
the draft Regulatory Impact Analysis in fulfilling the ob-
jectives of Title 3 - Executive Order 12291 as they
apply to the proposed onboard rulemaking. It provides
a summary of the more extensive support analyses of
onboard costs and air quality benefits that were pre-
pared in the course of developing the proposed regula-
tions. Alternatives to the proposed regulations are
considered in Volume I. More specifically, the report
summarizes the economic impact of the proposed
rulemaking. It identifies the fixed and variable costs to
manufacturers for systems development, certification,
facility modifications, and emission control hardware.
Chapter 3 summarizes the air quality benefits of the
proposed rulemaking.
Keywords: "Gasoline, Emissions, Volatile organic
compounds, Benzene, "Air pollution control, Station-
ary sources, Mobile sources, "Regulatory impact anal-
ysis.
PB87-222394/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Volunteer Lake Monitoring, 1986. Volume 1. State-
wide Summary Report. Annual rept.,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
J. B. Hawes. Mar 87,145p IEPA/WPC/87-007A
See also report for 1985, PB86-197001.
A Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program initiated by the
Illinois EPA in 1981 was continued in 1986. Citizens
were trained to measure Secchi disc transparency,
total depth, and record field observations from a boat
at designated sites on their chosen lake. Readings
were to be taken at least twice a month from May
through October, and the results forwarded to the
Agency. In addition, volunteers for 10 lakes collected
water samples for analysis of nutrients, suspended
solids, and turbidity when performing the Secchi moni-
toring.
Keywords: "Illinois, "Lakes, "Water pollution, Monitor-
ing, Citizen participation, Transparence, Nutrients, Tur-
bidity, Chemical analysis, Depth, Suspended sedi-
ments, Tables(Data), "Trophic level.
PB87-224333/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Atmospheric Acid Deposition Damage to Paints.
Environmental research brief.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
F. H. Haynie. Jan 86,11p EPA/600/M-85/019
Available data from laboratory and field studies of
damage to paints by erosion have been analyzed to
develop an atmospheric acid deposition damage func-
tion for exterior house paints containing calcium car-
bonate or silicate extenders. Regression analysis coef-
ficients associated with sulfur dioxide levels are con-
sistent with the reaction between the S02 and calcium
carbonate to form soluble calcium sulfate. The effect
of sulfuric acid in rain on paint is expected to behave
similarly. Observed actual household painting frequen-
cies prior to 1970 are consistent with the damage func-
tions calculated from the experimental erosion, data
obtained in the 1950's, 1960's and early 1970's.
Changes in both environmental conditions and types
of paints that are marketed make it necessary to make
assumptions when using the damage functions to esti-
mate costs associated with repainting.
Keywords: "Paints, "Erosion, Damage assessment.
Weathering, Economic analyses. Sulfur dioxides, Cal-
cium carbonates, "Acid deposition, Air pollution
effects(Materials).
PB87-224358/HSU	PC A05/MF AOI
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Environmental Source Book on the Photovoltaic*
Industry. Final rept. Feb-Jul 86,
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
P. D. Moskowitz, P. D. Kalb, J. C. Lee, and V. M.
Fthenakis. Jul 87,97p* EPA/600/8-87/035
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives background information on the photo-
voltaics industry to help the U.S. EPA evaluate pre-
manufacture notice (PMN) and significant new use
regulation (SNUR) submittals from the industry. It also
fives information for photovoltaics industry on the
oxic Substances Control Act (OSCA) compliance re-
quirements. This industry uses a large diversity of toxic
and hazardous chemicals. Attention is currently fo-
cused on such gases as silane, phosphine, arsine, di-
borane, and hydrogen selenide which may be used in
large quantities and for which there is limited industrial
experience. Most materials used by the industry are al-
ready listed in the TSCA Inventory List. Unlisted com-
pounds are used as feedstocks or are the actual prod-
ucts themselves. Manufacturers using or producing
unlisted materials must apply to the EPA for a PMN.
Some materials (especially those defined to be acutely
toxic) contained in the Inventory List may be used in
larger quantity or in applications which differ from cur-
rent industrial use; these are potential candidates for
SNUR.
Keywords: "Photovoltaic cells, "Toxicology, "Hazard-
ous materials, "Air pollution control, Silane, Phos-
phine, Arsine, Diboranes, Stationary sources, Hydro-
gen selenide.
PB87-224630/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Pilot-Scale Evaluation of LIMB (Limestone Infec-
tion Multistage Burner) Technology. Final rept. Jul
82-Jul 85,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
R. S. Dahlin, R. Beittel, and J. P. Gooch. Jul 87,151p
SORI-EAS-86-675, EPA/600/7-87/019
Grant EPA-R-810012
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of pilot-scale studies of sulfur
capture in the EPA's Limestone Injection Multistage
Burner (LIMB) process and the effect of LIMB on par-
ticulate properties and electrostatic precipitator (ESP)
performance. The sulfur capture studies showed that
hydrated lime was generally superior to limestone as a
sorbent for in-furnace sulfur removal. For both sor-
bents, downstream injection was found to be prefera-
ble over near-flame injection. With hydrated lime, the
optimum injection temperature was found to be about
1200 C, where utilizations as high as 30% were
achieved. The injection of either sorbent resulted in a
large increase in the electrical resistivity of the ash,
which could severely impact ESP performance. Labo^
ratory and pilot-scale studies showed that the resistivi-
ty increase could be offset by flue gas conditioning
using sulfur trioxide (S03) or water vapor. With lime-
stone injection, acceptable resistivity levels were re-
stored by the injection of 30 ppm of S03.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, Coal, Nat-
ural gas, Combustion, Limestone, Calcium oxides, Par-
ticulates, "Limestone injection multistage burners. Sta-
tionary sources.
PB87-224671/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Resource Document for the Consideration of the
Newberg Area Aquifer as a Sole Source Aquifer.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA. Office
of Ground Water.
Jul 87,20p EPA/910/9-87/165
On January 16, 1984 the Region 10(Seattle) Office of
the Environmental Protection Agency received a peti-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tion from the Newberg Organization, Inc., a citizens
group requesting the EPA Administrator designate the
Newberg Road Area-Lake Bosworth Area as a sole
source of drinking water for the area. The Newberg
Road Area is located in west central Snohomish
County east of the cities of Everett and Marysvilie and
immediately south of the Town of Granite Falls, all
within the state of Washington. The approximately 37
square mile area has a population of approximately
2700 persons. Total drinking water provided by the aq-
uifer was approximately 4.3 million cubic feet in 1986.
This is the 84% of the total drinking water used in the
proposed sole source aquifer area. The area is charac-
terized by a thick accumulation of heterogeneous, un-
consolidated glacial sediments overlying assorted
bedrock units of varied origins. Wells in the Newberg
Area and vicinity tap all of the types of unconsolidated
(glacial) materials and, at some localities, two types of
bedrock.
Keywords: 'Water quality, "Aquifers, "Sole source aq-
uifer.
PB87-224689/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Distribution of Trace Element Emisions from the
Liquid injection Incinerator Combustion Research
Facility,
Acurex Corp., Jefferson, AR.
J. W. Lee, R. W. Ross, R. H. Vocqua, J. W. Lewis, and
L. R. Waterland. Aug 87, 57p EPA/600/2-87/054
Contract EPA-68-03-3267
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
A series of tests was conducted at EPA's Combustion
Research Facility (CRF) to investigate the fate of vola-
tile trace elements in liquid injection hazardous waste
incineration. In these tests, arsenic in the form of ar-
senic trioxide and antimony in the form of antimony tri-
chloride were added to a methanol base containing
varying amounts of chlorobenzene and carbon tetra-
chloride, and fired in the liquid injection incinerator at
the CRF. Test variables included incinerator tempera-
ture and excess air level, and feed chlorine content.
Test results show a relatively even distribution of both
elements between scrubber exit flue gas and scrubber
blowdown. Both elements are found in the vapor
phase at high temperatures, though most condenses
to particulate at scrubber exit temperatures. Designat-
ed POHC destruction and removal efficiency (DRE)
ranged from 99.99 to 99.999 percent at the afterburner
exit to 99.999 to 99.9999 percent in the scrubber exit
flue gas. Typical levels of common products of incom-
plete combustion were measured.
Keywords: Trace elements, 'Emission, *Air pollution,
'Hazardous materials, 'Incinerators, Temperature,
Chlorine, Fiue gases, Sampling, Tests, Quality assur-
ance, Materials recovery, Hazardous wastes.
PB87-224697/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of the National Trends Network's Site
Placement Design,
Program Resources, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
S. K Seilkop. Jun 87,125p EPA/600/4-87/020
Contract EPA-68-01 -6849
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The National Acid Deposition Network/National
Trends Network (NADP/NTN) consists of 200 wet
deposition monitoring stations in the United States.
Sufficient data has been collected to enable statistical
analyses to be performed to determine if the site
placement and numbers of sites are adequate to esti-
mate temporal and spatial trends. Analysis of data
from existing sites, assuming some sites were not
present, and assuming additional sites were present
were performed. Results showed that addition of new
sites would not significantly increase the accuracy of
concentration isopleths.
Keywords: 'Data analysis, Spatial distribution. pH,
Tables(Data), Sulfates, Nitrate deposits. 'Acid deposi-
tion National Trends Network, Site selection.
PB87-225041/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Dlnoseb: Emergency Suspension. Position docu-
ment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Oct 86, 31p EPA/540/9-87/201
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, "Pesticides,
'Toxicology, Chlorine organic compounds, Toxicity,
Residues, Ecology, Laboratory animals, Exposure,
Physiological effects, Regulations, Dinoseb, Triazine/
chloro-etnylamino-isopropylamine, 'Toxic substances,
Health risks, Pesticide residues.
PB87-226759/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Quality Criteria for Water, 1986.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
1 May86,402p* EPA/440/5-86/001
Also available from Supt. of Docs.
Section 304(a) (1) of the Clean Water Act 33 U.S.C.
1314(a) (1) requires the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) to publish and periodically update ambi-
ent water quality criteria. These criteria are to accu-
rately reflect the latest scientific knowledge (a) on the
kind and extent of all identifiable effects on health and
welfare including, but not limited to, plankton, fish
shellfish, wildlife, plant life, shorelines beaches, aes-
thetics, and recreation which may be expected from
the presence of pollutants in any body of water includ-
ing ground water; (b) on the concentration and disper-
sal of pollutants, or their byproducts, through biologi-
cal, physical, and chemical processes; and (c) on the
effects of pollutants on biological community diversity,
productivity, and stability, including information on the
factors affecting rates of eutrophication and organic
and inorganic sedimentation for varying types of re-
ceiving waters. In a continuing effort to provide those
who use EPA's water quality and human health criteria
with up-to-date criteria values and associated informa-
tion, the document was assembled. The document in-
cludes summaries of all the contaminants for which
EPA has developed criteria recommendations.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Criteria, 'Water pollution,
'Ambient water quality criteria, 'Quality criteria.
PB87-226767/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Ground Water Protection Standards (or Inactive
Uranium Tailings Sites: Bsckground Information
for Proposed Rule. Final rept.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Jul 87,266p" EPA/520/1-87/014
The report summarizes the information and data con-
sidered by EPA in developing the proposed ground-
water protection standards. It gives a description of the
24 designated uranium tailings sites and their current
status in the DOE remedial action program. It also pre-
sents a detailed analysis of the available data on the
ground water in the vicinity of 12 of the 24 sites and de-
scribes different methods that can be used for the res-
toration of ground water.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Standards. Radon, Health
hazards, Radioactive waste disposal, Regulations,
Protection, Remedial action, Radioactive contami-
nants, Public health, Mill tailings, Uranium mines.
PB87-227005/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Simulation of Leachate Generation from Municipal
Solid Waste,
Georgia Inst, of Tech., Atlanta. School of Civil Engi-
neering.
N. D. Williams, F. G. Pohland, K. C. McGowan, and F
M. Saunders. Aug 87,183p* EPA/600/2-87/059
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
The simulation of leachate generation from a munici-
pal solid waste landfill or landfill simulation should uti-
lize a mechanistic model which properly accounts for
the microbially mediated processes of landfill stabiliza-
tion. In the past, several leachate generation models
have been developed based on the solubility of the
waste constitutents in water percolating through a
landfill. These models, called 'washout models' provid-
ed a reasonable approximation of leachate constituent
concentrations after the landfill or landfill simulation
reached a period of relative dormancy, called matura-
tion, but were deficient in predicting leachate constitu-
ted concentrations in the early stages of the landfill.
These early stages in the life of a landfill are extremely
important because, in most cases, the highest leach-
ate concentrations and the most extreme conditions a
liner or the surrounding environment would be subject-
ed to occur very early in the life of the landfill.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Earth fills. Water
balance, Soil water, Percolation, Sanitary landfills,
Leachates.
PB87-227013/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH,
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Waste Minimization Audit Report: Case Studies of
Minimization of Solvent Waste from Parts Clean-
ing and from Electronic Capacitor Manufacturing
Operations.
Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc., Pasadena, CA.
Aug 87,116p EPA/600/2-87/057
Contract EPA-68-01-7053
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
To promote waste minimization activities in accord-
ance with the national policy objectives established
under the 1984 Hazardous and Solid Waste Amend-
ments to the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act of 1976 (RCRA), the Hazardous Waste Engineer-
ing Research Laboratory (HWERL) of the USEPA
Office of Research and Development has undertaken
a project to develop and test a waste minimization
(WM) audit procedure. As part of the project, a total of
6 WM audits were carried out in four separate facilities,
The report presents the results of an on-site WM audit
performed at an electronic capacitor manufacturing fa-
cility for solvent wastes. The report also describes the
WM audit procedure as it has developed from the initial
(pre-project) sequence of steps, to the modified (post-
project) sequence that reflects the experience gained
dunng the HWERL project.
Keywords: 'Auditing, 'Waste management, 'Solvents,
Chemical wastes, Resource Recovery Acts, Waste
disposal acts.
PB87-227047/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Prevention Reference Manual: Chemical Specific.
Volume 1. Control of Accidental Releases of Hy-
drogen Fluoride (SCAQMD) (South Coast Air Qual-
ity Management District). Final rept. May 86-Mar 87,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
D. S. Davis, G. B. DeWolf, and J. D. Quass. Jul 87,
125p DCN-87-203-024-84-21, EPA/600/8-87/034A
Contract EPA-68-02-3889
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The manual summarizes technical information that will
assist in identifying and controlling hydrogen fluoride
release hazards specific to the South Coast Air Quality
Management District (SCAQMD) of southern Califor-
nia. The SCAQMD has considered a strategy for re-
ducing the risk of a major accidental air release of toxic
chemicals. The strategy includes monitoring the stor-
age, handling, and use of certain chemicals and pro-
vides guidance to industry and communities. Anhy-
drous hydrogen fluoride, a corrosive liquid that boils at
room temperature, rapidly absorbs moisture to form
highly corrosive hydrofluoric acid. Hydrogen fluoride
gas has an IDLH (immediately dangerous to life and
health) concentration of 20 ppm, which makes it a sub-
stantial acute toxic hazard. Reducing the risk associat-
ed with an accidental release of hydrogen fluoride in-
volves identifying some of the potential causes of acci-
dental releases that apply to the processes that use
hydrogen fluoride in the SCAQMD. The manual identr-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
fies examples of potential causes as well as measures
that may be taken to reduce the accidental release
risk.
Keywords: "Hydrogen fluoride, Manuals, Alkylation,
Prevention, Accidents, Toxicity, Materials handling,
Maintenance, Packaging, *Air pollution control. Moni-
tors, Stationary sources, "Accidental releases, Chloro-
fluorocarbons.
PB87-227054/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Prevention Reference Manual: Chemical Specific.
Volume 2. Control of Accidental Releases of Chlo-
rine (SCAQMD) (South Coast Air Quality Manage-
ment District). Final rept. May 86-Mar 87,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
D. S. Davis, G. B. DeWolf, J. D. Quass, and K. P. Wert.
Jul 87,131 p DCN-87-203-024-84-23, EPA/600/8-87/
034B
Contract EPA-68-02-3889
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The manual discusses reducing the risk associated
with an accidental release of chlorine. It identifies
some of the potential causes of accidental releases
that apply to the processes that use chlorine. It also
identifies examples of potential causes, as well as
measures that may be taken to reduce the accidental
release risk. Such measures include recommenda-
tions on: plant design practices; prevention, protec-
tion, and mitigation technologies; and operation and
maintenance practices. It provides conceptual cost es-
timates of possible prevention, protection, and mitiga-
tion measures. Chlorine is a highly reactive and corro-
sive liquid that boils at room temperature. It has an
IDLH (immediately dangerous to life and health) con-
centration of 25 ppm, which makes it a substantial
acute toxic hazard. Accidental releases of toxic chemi-
cals al Bhopal and Chernobyl have increased public
awareness of toxic release problems. As a result of
other, perhaps less dramatic incidents in the past, por-
tions of the chemical industry were aware of this prob-
lem long before these events. These same portions of
the industry have made advances in the area.
Keywords: 'Chlorine, Manuals, Disinfection, Preven-
tion, Accidents, Toxicity, Storage, Materials handling,
Maintenance, Bleaching agents, Packaging, Risk as-
sessment, Monitors, "Air pollution control, Stationary
sources, Accidental releases.
PB87-227062/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Prevention Reference Manual: Chemical Specific.
Volume 3. Control of Accidental Releases of Hy-
drogen Cyanide (SCAQMD) (South Coast Air Qual-
ity Management District). Final rept. May 86-Mar 87,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
D. S. Davis, G. B. DeWolf, and J. D. Quass. Jul 87,89p
DCN-87-203-024-84-24, EPA/600/8-87/034C
Contract EPA-68-02-3889
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report discusses a strategy (being considered by
the South Coast Air Quality Management District—
SCAQMD-of Southern California) for reducing the risk
of a major accidental air release of toxic chemicals.
The strategy, intended to guide both industry and com-
munities, consists of monitoring activities associated
with the storage, handling, and use of certain chemi-
cals. The hydrogen cyanide (HCN) manual summa-
rizes technical information that will aid in identifying
and controlling release hazards (specific to the
SCAQMD) associated with HCN. Because HCN has an
IDLH (immediately dangerous to life and health) con-
centration of 50 ppm, it is an acute toxic hazard. The
manual identifies the potential causes of accidental re-
leases that apply to processes using cyanides in the
SCAQMD and also describes measures that may be
taken to reduce the accidental release risk. Such
measures include recommendations on plant design
Dractices- prevention, protection, and mitigation tech-
nologies; and operation and maintenance practices^
Conceptual cost estimates of examples of these
measures are provided.
866 Vol. 90, No. 24
Keywords: "Hydrogen cyanide, Electroplating, Preven-
tion, Accidents, Toxicity, Storage, Materials handling,
Maintenance, "Air pollution control, Monitors, Station-
ary sources, "Accidental releases.
PB87-227104/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Verification of the Lateral Drainage Component of
the HELP (Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Per-
formance) Model Using Physical Models,
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS.
P. R. Schroeder, and R. L. Peyton. Jul 87,132p EPA/
600/2-87/049
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The report describes a study conducted to verify the
lateral drainage component of the Hydrologic Evalua-
tion of Landfill Performance (HELP) computer model
using laboratory drainage data from two large-scale
physical models of landfill liner/drainage systems.
Drainage tests were run to examine the effects that
drainage length, slope, hydraulic conductivity and
depth of saturation have on the lateral drainage rate.
The drainage results were compared with HELP model
predictions and numerical solutions of the Boussinesq
equation for unsteady, unconfined flow through porous
media.
Keywords: "Sanitary landfills, "Liners, "Drainage,
Model tests, Hydraulic conductivity, Porosity, Un-
steady flow, HELP computer program.
PB87-227260/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Safe Drinking Water Act Cost Impacts on Select-
ed Water Systems,
CWC-HDR, Inc., Santa Ana, CA.
B. E. Burris, and R. C. Gumerman. Aug 87, 349p*
EPA/600/2-87/058
Contract EPA-68-03-3216
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Detailed site visits were made to eight U.S. water utili-
ties to assess the capital and O and M costs of meet-
ing the requirements of the Safe Drinking Water Act
(SDWA). New treatment facilities were constructed at
each of the utilities to correct water quality problems
which are current issues under the SDWA. The drink-
ing water problems addressed in the report included
coliform bacteria, turbidity, trihalomethanes (THMs),
Giardia lamblia, and trichloroethylene (TCE). New
treatment facilities constructed included conventional
treatment using flocculation, sedimentation, filtration,
and chlorination for coliform bacteria, turbidity, and
Giardia removal. Preozonation was installed at one
utility for reduction of THMs. Airstripping facilities were
constructed at three of the utilities primarily for remov-
al of TCE from groundwater. In addition to document-
ing the costs of meeting the SDWA, the individual re-
ports prepared for each utility contain 10 years worth
of data on many water system activities. These include
capital and O and M costs for the categories of acqui-
sition, treatment, and distribution of water, and support
services.
Keywords: "Cost analysis, "Water treatment, "Water
supply. Operating costs, Construction, Flocculating,
Settling, Fluid filtration, Ozonization, Removal, Coli-
form bacteria, Turbidity, Chloroforms, Giardia, Re-
quirements, States(United States), Capitalized costs,
Tables(Data), Safe Drinking Water Act, "Drinking
water, Water treatment plants, Air stripping.
PB87-227278/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Development of Computer Modules of Particulate
Processes for Regional Particulate Model,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
A. B. Hudischewskyj, P. Saxena, and C. Seigneur. Jun
87, 270p EPA/600/3-87/021
Contract EPA-68-02-4076
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
The development of an aerosol model for inclusion in
the EPA Regional Particulate Model is described. Ex-
isting computer modules of particulate processes de-
veloped under EPA contract by Professors Brock,
Seinfeld, and Whitby are compared to determine effi-
cient and accurate methods of simulating particulate
behavior. These methods are incorporated into an aer-
osol model, which is accurate and efficient in its treat-
ment of the dynamics, thermodynamics, and chemical
composition of atmospheric aerosols. Evaluation of
the aerosol model is described using simulations for a
regional environment and an urban plume. The model
performs well under a variety of atmospheric and me-
teorological conditions. The results indicate the aero-
sol model is a useful tool for PM-10 and visibility stud-
ies.
Keywords: "Aerosols, "Air pollution, Models, Comput-
erized simulation, "Particulates, EPA regional particu-
late model, "Regional particulate models.
PB87-227286/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
POHC (Principal Organic Hazardous Constituent)
Analysis Methods for Hazardous Waste Incfner-
ation. Volume 1, Part 1. Final rept. Apr-Dec 81,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
R. H. James, J. M. Finkel, H. K. Dillon, H. C. Miller, and
A. K. Wensky. Aug 87,327p* SORI-EAS-86-1105,
EPA/600/8-87/037A
Contract EPA-68-02-2685
See also Volume 1, Part 2, PB87-227302 and PB84-
155845. Prepared in cooperation with Battelle Colum-
bus Labs., OH. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report gives preliminary data on methodology for
candidate principal organic hazardous constituents
(POHCs) that represent a variety of compound types,
including alcohols, esters, chlorinated aliphatics and
aromatics, carboxylic acids, aliphatic and aromatic
amines, nitrated aromatics, nitrosamines, hydrazines,
nitrites, organosulfur compounds, and polynuclear aro-
matics and heterocyclics. This work (and that under
Contract 68-02-3696, Task 1) involved the evaluation
of generalized GC/FID, GC/MS, and HPLC/UV meth-
ods for determining approximately 170 compounds
from the approximately 400 compounds in Appendix
VIII, Part 261, 40 CFR. However, the survey-analysis
portion of waste characterization often targets specific
compounds for determination in incinerator effluent
that are not amenable to previously developed meth-
ods. Therefore, current research involves the develop-
ment of specific GC/FID, GC/MS, and HPLC/UV
methods for the determination of several of these
compounds. The EPA has proposed regulations for
owners and operators of facilities that treat hazardous
wastes by incineration to ensure that these inciner-
ators will be operated in an environmentally respons-
ble manner. The primary criterion upon which the oper-
ational specifications are based is the destruction and
removal efficiency (DRE) of the incinerator (= or ->
99.99%).
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Gas analysis, Com-
bustion products, Industrial wastes, Sampling, Per-
formance evaluation, Gas chromatography, Spectros-
copy. "Principal organic hazardous constituents, 'Air
pollution detection, "Solid wastes.	. .
PB87-227294/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab
POHC (Principal Organic Hazardous Constituent)
Analysis Methods for Hazardous Waste Inciner-
ation. Volume 1, Part 2. Final rept. Jun 82-Jun 83,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
R. H. James, J. M. Finkel, and H. C. Miller. Aug 87,
467p* SORI-EAS-86-1125, EPA/600/8-87/037B
Contract EPA-68-02-3696
See also Volume 1, Part 1, PB87-227286 and Volume
2, PB87-227302. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report gives preliminary data on methodology for
candidate principal organic hazardous constituents
(POHCs) that represent a variety of compound types
including alcohols, esters, chlorinated aliphatics and
aromatics, carboxylic acids, aliphatic and aromatic
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
nitriles, organosulfur compounds, and polynuclear aro-
matics and heterocyclics. This work (and that under
Contract 68-02-2685, Task 111) involved the evalua-
tion of generalized GC/FID, GC/MS, and HPLC/UV
methods for determining approximately 170 com-
pounds from the approximately 400 compounds in Ap-
pendix VIII, Part 261, 40 CFR. However, the survey-
analysis portion of waste characterization often tar-
geets specific compounds for determnation in inciner-
ator effluent that are not amenable to previously devel-
oped methods. Therefore, current research involves
the development of specific GC/FID, GC/MS, and
HPtC/UV methods for the determination of several of
these compounds. The EPA has proposed regulations
for owners and operators of facilities that treat hazard-
ous wastes by incineration to ensure that these incin-
erators will be operated in an environmetally responsi-
ble manner. The primary criterion upon which the oper-
ational specifications are based is the destruction and
removal efficiency (DRE) of the incinerator (= or
>99.995).
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Gasanalysis, Com-
bustion products. Industrial wastes, Sampling, Per-
formance evaluation, Gas chromatography, Spectros-
copy, 'Principal organic hazardous constituents, "Air
pollution detection, Solid wastes.
PB87-227302/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
POHC (Principal Organic Hazardous Constituent)
Analysis Methods for Hazardous Waste Inciner-
ation. Volume 2. Final rept. Apr 83-Apr 84,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
R. H. James, R. E. Adams, and H. C. Miller. Aug 87,
234p* SORI-EAS-1127, EPA/600/8-87/037C
Contract EPA-68-02-3696
See also Volume 1, Part 2, PB87-227294. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research
The report gives preliminary data on methodology for
two groups of compounds: organometallics and other
organic compounds difficult to measure by the gener-
alized methods. Previous work (Contract 68-02-2685,
Task 111, and Task 1 of this contract) involved the
evaluation of generalized GC/FID, GC/MS, and
HPLC/UV methods for determining approximately 170
compounds from the approximately 400 compounds in
Appendix VIII, Part 261, 40 CFR. However, the survey
analysis portion of waste characterization often targets
specific compounds for determination in incinerator ef-
fluent that are not amenable to previously developed
methods. Therefore current research involves the de-
velopment of specific GC/FID, GC/MS, and HPLC/UV
methods for the determination of several of these
compounds. Organometallic compounds such as ben-
zenearsonic acid, hydroxydimethylarsine oxide (caco-
dylic acid), phenylmercury acetate, selenourea, and
tetraethyl lead were selected as candidate POHCs for
this study. In support of the destruction and removal
efficiency requirement, generalized GC/FID, GC/MS,
and HPLC/UV analysis methods were evaluated and,
when necessary, modified for the determination of 33
additional candidate POHCs.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Gas analysis, Com-
bustion products, Industrial wastes, Sampling, Per-
formance evaluation, Gas chromatography, Spectros-
copy, 'Principal organic hazardous constituents, 'Air
pollution detection, "Solid wastes.
PB87-227310/HSU	PC A22/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Development of Chemical Compatibility Criteria
for Assessing Flexible Membrane Liners,
National Sanitation Foundation, Ann Arbor, Ml.
G Bellen, R. Corry, and M. L. Thomas. Aug 87, 511 p
EPA/600/2-87/067
Grant EPA-R-810727
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Laboratory testing was conducted to develop chemical
resistance data using immersion tests. Six FML materi-
als (polyvinylchloride, chlorinated polyethylene, chlor-
osulfonated polyethylene, high density polyethylene,
epichlorohydrin and ethylene propylene diene terpo-
lymer) were tested. Twenty chemical solutions provid-
ing a range of chemical challengers; acid and base,
polar and non-polar, organic and inorganic, and in-
creasing chemical concentration, were used. Duration
of immersions were 1, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days, and four
month increments for up to two years. All immersion
tests were conducted at two temperatures, 23 deg and
50 deg C. Liners were evaluated for changes in ap-
pearance, weight, dimensions, and tensile properties.
Procedures and criteria for evaluating immersion test
results were developed using data from the study and
comparing these data with comparable data from
other studies, published reports and criteria, and liner
manufacturer recommendations.
Keywords: 'Membranes, "Linings, Waste disposal,
Criteria, Assessments, Hazardous materials, Polymer-
ic films, Performance evaluation, Criteria, 'Liquid
waste disposal.
PB87-227344/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Measurement of Hydrolysis Rate Constanta for
Evaluation of Hazardous Waste Land Disposal.
Volume 2. Data on 54 Chemicals,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
J. J. Ellington, F. E. Stancil, W. D. Payne, and C. Trusty.
Aug 87, 163p EPA/600/3-87/019
See also Volume 1, PB87-140349. Prepared in coop-
eration with Technology Applications, Inc., Athens,
GA., and Georgia Univ., Athens.
To provide input data for a mathematical model to esti-
mate potential groundwater contamination from
chemicals in land disposal sites, hydrolysis rate con-
stants were determined for 31 regulated chemicals
under carefully controlled conditions. Hydrolysis rates
were measured under sterile conditions at precisely
controlled temperatures and at three pH levels (3,7,
and 11). Conditions were adjusted to provide suffi-
ciently precise rate constants to meet modeling re-
quirements determined through model sensitivity tests.
In addition to close monitoring of temperature and pH,
precautions were taken to minimize impact of adventi-
tious processes. Chemical concentrations as a func-
tion of incubation time were measured by gas chroma-
tography, liquid chromatography, or ion exchange
chromatography. Identities and purities of the chemi-
cals were determined by mass spectrometry supple-
mented, in some cases, by infrared spectrometry.
Keywords: 'Hydrolysis, Mathematical models, 'Organ-
ic compounds, 'Waste disposal, "Earth fills, Water pol-
lution, Ground water, Tables(Data), Chromatographic
analysis. Half life, "Hazardous wastes.
PB87-227351/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Novel Vapor-Deposited Lubricants for Metal-
Forming Process**. Final rept. Apr 85-Dec 86,
Forging Industry Education and Research Foundation,
Cleveland, OH.
J. J. Mills. Aug 87, 39p* EPA/600/2-87/060
Grant EPA-R-812226
Prepared in cooperation with Martin Marietta Labs.,
Baltimore, MD. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report gives results of a preliminary laboratory
study of the feasibility of using vapor-phase lubrication
to lubricate industrial metal forging dies. (NOTE: the
forging and shaping of metal parts is one of many
metal fabricating processes that may generate volatile
organic compounds and hydrocarbons. In typical
metal-forming operations, hot metal is squeezed in lu-
bricated dies to produce metal shapes in the form of
the die cavity.) the report gives results of six tasks
conducted during the study and discusses the poten-
tial production and environmental impact of the proc-
ess. A vapor lubrication system developed for general
industrial use could significantly reduce the volume of
forging lubricants required by present industrial forging
operations. The laboratory results indicate that it may
be possible to reduce potential air pollution emissions
from forging using vapor lubrication by as much as
85%. This would be accomplished by using 85% less
lubricant volume during metal forging.
Keywords: "Forging, "Lubrication, Metal working,
Vapor deposition, Die forging, Pollution, Organic com-
pounds.
PB87-227468/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Analytical Methods Manual for the Direct/Delayed
Response Project Soil Survey,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
K. A. Cappo, L. J. Blume, G. A. Raab, J. K. Bartz, and J.
L. Engels. Aug 87,327p EPA/600/8-87/020
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, in con-
junction with the National Acid Precipitation Assess-
ment Program, has designed and implemented a re-
search program to predict the long-term response of
watersheds and surface waters in the United States to
acidic deposition. On the basis of the research, each
watershed system studied will be classified according
to the time scale in which it will reach an acidic steady
state, assuming current levels of acidic deposition. The
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency requires that
data collection activities be based on a program which
ensures that the resulting data are of known quality
and are suitable for the purpose for which they are in-
tended. In addition, it is necessary that the data ob-
tained be consistent and comparable throughout the
survey. For these reasons, the same detailed analyti-
cal methodology must be available to and must be
used by all analysts participating in the study. The
manual specifies the analytical methods and internal
quality control used to process and analyze samples
for the Direct/Delayed Response Project Soil Survey.
Keywords: 'Watersheds, 'Surface waters, 'Soils,
Manuals, Data collection, Surveys, "Acidic deposition,
"Analytical methods.
PB87-227476/HSU	CP T19
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Physical Coal-Cleaning/Flue Gas Desulfurization
Computer Model. Model-Simulation,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Div. of
Energy Demonstrations and Technology.
C. R. Wright, F. A. Sudhoff, and J. W. Jones. Aug 86,
mag tape EPA/600/8-86/038B,, EPA/SW/MT-87/
031
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, He-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products if you have questions. Price
includes documentation, PB87-227484.
The model consists of four programs: (1) one, initially
developed by Battell-Columbus Laboratories, obtained
from Versar, Inc.; (2) one developed by TVA; and (3,4)
two developed by TVA and Bechtel National, Inc. The
model produces design performance criteria and esti-
mates of capital investments and annual revenue re-
quirements for a physical coal-cleaning and a lime-
stone or lime FGD system, either separately or as a
combined emission control system. The primary use of
the model is expected to be for projecting comparative
economics of coal-cleaning and limestone or lime FGD
systems in combination or as separate
systems...Software Description: The model is written in
the FORTRAN programming language for implemen-
tation on a IBM 3084 Computer using the MVS SP2.1.2
Rel 3.8 operating system.
Keywords: "Models-simulation, "Coal preparation,
Flue gases, Desulfurization, "Air pollution control,
Emission factors, H = IBM-3084, L=Fortran.
PB87-227484/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Coal-Cleaning and Flue Gas Desulfurization Com-
puter Model. User's Manual. Rept. for Oct 79-Jun
83,
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Div. of
Energy Demonstrations and Technology.
C. R. Wright, and F. A. Sudhoff. Nov 86,270p TVA/
OP/EDT-83/17, EPA/600/8-86/038A,, EPA/SW/
MT-87/031A
For system on magnetic tape, see PB87-227476.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The manual describes a combined coal-cleaning and
flue gas desulfurization (FGD) computerized design
and cost-estimate model and gives detailed proce-
dures tor using it. All inputs and outputs are described,
as well as the various options available. Design and
economic premises are included. The model consists
of four programs: (1) one, initially developed by Battell-
Columbus Laboratories, obtained from Versar, Inc.; (2)
one developed by TVA; and (3,4) two developed by
TVA and Bechtel National, Inc. The model produces
design performance criteria and estimates of capital
investments and annual revenue requirements for a
physical coal-cleaning and a limestone or lime FGD
system, either separately or as a combined emission
control system.
Keywords: "Coal preparation, * Air pollution, "Flue
gases, "Desulfurization, Limestone, Mathematical
models. Cost estimates. Economic analysis, User
manuals(Computer programs), Cost models, Station-
ary sources, Power plants, FGD system.
PB87-227518/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Verification of the Hydrologic Evaluation of Land-
fill Performance (HELP) Model Using Field Data,
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS.
P. R. Schroeder, and R. L. Peyton. Jul 87,180p EPA/
600/2-87/050
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The report describes a study conducted to verify the
Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance (HELP)
computer model using existing field data from a total of
20 landfill cells at 7 sites in the United States. Simula-
tions using the HELP model were run to compare the
predicted water balance with the measured water bal-
ance. Comparisons were made for runoff, evapotran-
spiration, lateral drainage to collection systems and
percolation through liners. The report also presents a
sensitivity analysis of the HELP model input param-
eters.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Hydrology, Mathematical
models, Runoff, Percolation, Linings, Evaluation,
HELP(Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance).
PB87-227542/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
On-Site Meteorological Program Guidance for
Regulatory Modeling Applications.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jun 87,187p EPA/450M-87/013
The document provides EPA's guidance on the collec-
tion and use of on-site meteorological data for regula-
tory modeling applications. It will form the basis for the
regulatory review of proposed meteorological monitor-
ing plans by the EPA Regional Offices and States. The
document contains comprehensive and detailed guid-
ance for on-site meteorological measurement pro-
grams, covering initial design and siting of a system,
through data recording and processing, up to air qual-
ity model input.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Atmospheric models, Instru-
mentation, Meteorology, Data collection, Monitoring.
PB87-227559/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Prediction of Vertical Transport of Low-Level Ra-
dioactive Middlesex Soil at a Deep-Ocean Dispos-
al Site. Final rept. 1 Jan 84-30 Apr 85,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
J S Bonner, C. D. Hunt, J. F. Paul, and V. J. Bierman.
Sep 86. 71 p EPA/520/1-86/016
Also pub. as Environmental Research Lab., Narragen-
sett R CONTRIB-721. Prepared in cooperation with
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, HI., and
Rhode Island Univ., Narragansett. Marine Ecosystems
Research Lab.
A combined experimental and modeling approach was
conducted within the framework of the hazard assess-
ment methodology developed at the EPA Environmen-
tal Research Laboratory Narragansett. Experimenta-
tion was conducted to characterize Middlesex soil in
868 Vol. 90, No. 24
terms of particle size distribution, specific gravity, ra-
dioactivity, and soluble phase equilibria. In addition, dy-
namic settling velocity distributions were measured.
The data derived from the experimental work were
synthesized using a modeling approach that empha-
sized the vertical convective-diffusive transport of a
polydispersed suspension of particles.
Keywords: "Radioactive wastes, "Dispersing, "Soils,
Radioactive isotopes, Industrial plants. Particle size
distribution, Radioactivity, Hazards, Mathematical
models, Dissolving, Settling, Suspended sediments,
Convection, "Ocean waste disposal, Middlesex(New
Jersey), Path of pollutants, Bioaccumulation.
PB87-227633/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Evaluation of a Prototype Field-Portable X-ray
Fluorescence System for Hazardous Waste
Screening,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
G. A. Raab, D. Cardenas, S. J. Simon, and L. A, Eccles.
Aug 87, 43p EPA/600/4-87/021
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
A prototype field-portable X-ray fluorescence system
developed by EPA and NASA was evaluated at a site
contaminated with Pb, Zn, and Cu. The objective of the
field test was to evaluate the effectiveness of the in-
strument as a field analytical tool for locating hot spots
and as a preliminary screening device where immedi-
ate data feedback aids in decisionmaking in the field.
The quality assurance consisted of measuring NBS
standard reference materials to verify the data meas-
ured in the field and in the laboratory in addition to du-
plicates, blanks, and replicate sample analysis. The
analytical results were plotted on the sampling grid.
One can immediately locate the hot spots for Cu, Zn,
and Pb on site. The instrument detection limits for Cu,
Zn, and Pb are 250, 200, and 70 ppm, respectively.
Precision and accuracy of the in situ measurements
were within plus or minus 10 percent of the true value
when compared to the samples analyzed in the labora-
tory.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, *X ray fluorescence,
Monitoring, Copper, Lead(Metal), Zinc, Tables(Data),
Contaminants, Spectrometry, Toxicity, Chemical anal-
ysis, Field tests.
PB87-227641/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.. OR.
Western Conifers Research Cooperative 1987 Re-
search Plan,
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
R. K. Olson. Aug 87, 94p" EPA/600/3-87/028
Contract EPA-68-03-3246
Prepared in cooperation with National Acid Precipita-
tion Assessment Program, Washington, DC., and
Forest Service, Washington, DC. Sponsored by Cor-
vallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
The Western Conifers Research Cooperative is part of
the national Forest Response Program (FRP). The
FRP is a federal program designed to determine the
current and potential effects of atmospheric deposition
on forests in the United States. Research is conducted
regionally within four research Cooperatives. The
Western Cooperative is concerned with the effects of
atmospheric deposition on coniferous forests in the
eleven conterminous western states. The 1987 Re-
search Plan first outlines the objectives and research
strategy of the FRP. The objectives and strategy of the
Western Cooperative are then described in the context
of the parent organization. The 1986 Western Cooper-
ative program is reviewed followed by a description of
the 1987 program. Brief descriptions of each of the in-
dividual 1987 research projects are also given.
Keywords: 'Precipitation(Meteorology), "Forest trees,
"Air pollution, Project planning, Objectives, Research
projects, Assessments, Environmental impacts, Deci-
sion making, Legislation, Sulfur, Nitrogen. Ozone, Na-
tional government, Plant growth, Evaluation, "Acid
rain, "Cooperatives, Forest response program, West-
ern region(United States), 'Air pollution
effects(Plants), Conifers.
PB87-227658/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Mesoscale Acid Deposition Model: Preliminary
Applications and a Guide for User Interface. Inter-
im rept. May 85-Apr 87,
Iowa Univ., Iowa City. Dept. of Chemical and Materials
Engineering.
G. R. Carmichael, and L. K. Peters. Aug 87,125p EPA/
600/3-87/027
Prepared in cooperation with Kentucky Univ., Lexing-
ton. Dept. of Chemical Engineering. Sponsored by En-
vironmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
In 1984 the U.S. EPA initiated a Mesoscale Acid Depo-
sition Study. The study was organized to assess and
understand the interactions and importance of local
emissions in mesoscale precipitation scavenging. One
important component of the project was the simulation
of the field events using a detailed meteorological and
chemical modeling framework (called MesoSTEM). A
dynamical meteorological model, Mesoscale Atmos-
pheric Simulation System (MASS) was used to predict
the meteorological fields, including precipitation rates.
These fields are used as inputs to a comprehensive
chemical model Sulfur Transport Eulerian Model
(STEM-II). The three-dimensional models are used to
quantify the relationships between emissions, chemi-
cal production, and wet deposition on the mesoscale.
The linkage of the models, and the application of Me-
soSTEM to the May 2nd and 3rd, 1985 Philadelphia
Mesoscale Field Study data set is the subject of the
report.
Keywords: "Acidification, "Emission, "Air pollution,
Deposition, Scavenging, Mathematical models, Sulfur
dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfates,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Aerosols, Ammonia,
Clouds(Meteorology), Flow charts, Graphs(Charts),
"Acid precipitation, Computer applications. Point
sources, Precipitation scavenging.
PB87-227666/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Quantification of Leak Rates Through Holes In
Landfill Llnsrs. Final rept.,
Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Sta-
tion.
K. W. Brown, J. C. Thomas, R. L. Lytton, P.
Jayawickrama, and S. C. Bahrt. Aug 87,167p EPA/
600/2-87/062
Grant EPA-R-810940
Prepared in cooperation with Texas Engineering Ex-
periment Station, College Station. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazard-
ous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
A study was undertaken to evaluate the rate at which
liquids leak through flaws in the flexible membrane
liner (FML) component of composite FML-soil liners.
The variables studied were: flaw size and shape, FML
type and thickness, the influence of a geotextile be-
tween the compacted soil and the FML, the conductivi-
ty of the soil subbase, the liquid head, and the liquid
characteristics. Testing was done in 60 cm diameter
permeameters. Soils were compacted in the perme-
ameter and overlain with the FMLs to be tested with
either round holes, slits, or seam flaws. Tests were
conducted with a gravel subbase to determine the in-
fluence of the flaw alone on the flow rate followed by
soil subbases having nominal conductivities. A calcula-
tional procedure was developed to simulate the flow
rates through the permeameters and was modified to
allow calculation of leak rates under field conditions.
Keywords: "Sanitary landfills, 'Liners, Leakage, Soils,
Flow rate, Membranes, Conductivity, Tests, Lea-
chates.
PB87-227674/HSU	PC A05/MF AOI
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
GC-MS (Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spactromet-
rlc) Suitability Testing of RCRA Appendix VIII and
Michigan List Analytes. Final rept.,
Battelie Columbus Labs., OH.
S. V. Lucas, and R. A. Kornfeld. Aug 87,79p* EPA/
600/4-87/024
Contract EPA-68-03-3224
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring and Support
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
As a first step in a hierarchical scheme to demonstrate
the suitability of present U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA) analysis methods and/or develop
new methodology, the gas chromatographic (GC) sep-
aration and mass spectrometric (MS) detection char-
acteristics of 328 toxic and/or hazardous organic ma-
terials have been investigated. Volatile and semivola-
tile analytes were tested using the GC/MS conditions
specified in the USEPA Methods 8240 and 8270, re-
spectively, as modified by the Contractor Laboratory
Program (CLP) protocol. Standard mixtures of analytes
were analyzed by septum injection onto the analytical
column without any prior sample work-up procedures.
For the 187 analytes that proved suitable for GC/MS
analysis by Methods 8240 and 8270, the relevant char-
acteristics for GC retention (retention time and relative
retention index) and for MS detection (recommended
quantification ion and confirmation ions with relative
abundances and response factor relative to the inter-
nal standard) are reported. For analytes not detected
by GC/MS or not included, a priori, recommendations
for future work are made.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "Hazardous materials,
"Solid waste disposal, Gas chromatography, Mass
spectrometry, Soil analysis.
PB87-227682/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Contributions of the Fluid Modeling Facility to
EPA's (Environmental Protection Agency's) Com-
lex Terrain Model Development Program,
nvironmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
W. H. Snyder. Aug 87, 64p EPA/600/3-87/026
The contributions of the EPA Fluid Modeling Facility
(FMF) to the Complex Terrain Model Development
Program (CTMDP) are described. These contributions
included a wide range of laboratory studies and a limit-
ed amount of numerical modeling of flow and diffusion
in neutral and stably stratified conditions in complex
terrain. The goal of the CTMDP is the development of
a dispersion model valid in complex terrain, with em-
phasis on plume impaction on nearby hills during night-
time stable conditions. Work at the FMF prior to the in-
ception of the programs provided the basic framework
for the model - the dividing-streamline concept - and
the focal point around which the field program was de-
signed. Throughout the course of the CTMDP, the
FMF interacted vigorously with the model developers
by providing support in various ways. Simultaneously,
the FMF responded to the needs of the EPA Office of
Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) by pro-
viding guidance concerning expected terrain effects
and by conducting demonstration studies. Finally, sev-
eral supplemental studies were conducted, broaden-
ing and expanding upon the specific requests of the
model developers and the OAQPS.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Terrain models, "Air circula-
tion, Atmospheric motion. Atmospheric diffusion.
Plumes, Field tests, Mathematical models. Hills, "At-
mospheric dispersion. Complex Terrain Model Devel-
opment Program.
PB87-228045/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Addendum to the Health Assessment Document
for Trichloroethylene: Updated Carcinogenicity
Assessment for Trichloroethylene. External
Review Draft,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
R. P. Bellies. C. W. Chen, H. J. Gibb, J. C. Parker, and
C. H. Ris. Jun 87,144p EPA/600/8-82/006FA
See also PB83-135970.
The addendum updates the Health Assessment Docu-
ment (HAD) for Trichloroethylene (TCI) published in
July 1986. The addendum focuses on the inhalation
and oral carcinogenicity bioassays that have become
available since the 1985 HAD was completed. The
1985 HAD concluded that the available carcinogenicity
evidence for TCI was, according to EPA's Guidelines
for Carcinogen Risk Assessment, inadequate in
humans, and sufficient in animals, thus equivalent to a
weight-of-evidence classification of Group B2. The
conclusion was based primarily on mouse liver tumor
responses, with support from metabolism data and
other positive but compromised bioassay studies. The
addendum identifies positive findings in rats, a second
species, and positive findings by inhalation exposure in
rats and mice with both similar and different tumor
sites compared to the oral studies. A quantitative anal-
ysis of the recently reported inhalation studies shows
that the upper-bound estimate of risk is very close to
the earlier inhalation estimate in the 1985 HAD derived
from the oral studies. The recommended upper-bound
incremental unit risk for humans exposed for a 70-year
lifetime to a 1 micrograms/cu. m. airborne concentra-
tion of TCI is 1.7 times 10 to the minus 6 power.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Industrial medicine, Exposure,
Residues, Humans, Laboratory animals, Teratogens,
Carcinogens, Physiological effects, "Ethylene/trich-
loro, "Air pollution effects(Humans), "Occupational
safety and health, Toxic substances.
PB87-228052/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Estimates of the Quantities, Form and Transport
of Carbon-14 In Low-Level Radioactive Waste.
Final rept.,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
J. M. Gruhlke, J. Neiheisel, and L. Battist. Sep 86,36p
EPA/520/1-86/019
Analysis of the activity level of C-14 contributed from
the nuclear fuel cycle and non-fuel sources to LLW
sites in the period from 1985-2004 provides the follow-
ing information: 2100 Ci from the nuclear fuel cycle;
1650 Ci from institutional wastes; 2150 Ci from indus-
trial wastes. The chemical form of the C-14 in the fuel
cycle waste approximates 75% inorganic (carbonate),
20% activation metal, and 5% organic radiocarbons.
The chemical form of the institutional and industrial
carbon-14 waste is believed to be essentially 100% or-
ganic radiocarbon compounds. The transport of C-14
from the low-level radioactive waste site is believed to
be largely as a gaseous release to the atmosphere.
Keywords: "Carbon 14, "Radioactive wastes, Dispos-
al, Transport properties, Radioactive isotopes, Sites,
Industrial wastes, "Radioactive waste disposal, Low
level radioactive wastes, Path of pollutants, Institu-
tions.
PB87-228102/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Oxamyl as the Active Ingre-
dient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jun 87,167p" EPA/540/RS-87/214
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Regulations, Man-
ufacturing, Chemistry, Toxicology, Residues, Ecology,
"Registration, Path of pollutants, "Toxic substances,
"Oxamyl.
PB87-228136/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Stationary Source Compliance Div.
CEMS (Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems)
Pilot Project: Evaluation of Opacity CEMS Reliabil-
ity and QA (Quality Assurance) Procedures.
Volume 1,
Entropy Environmentalists, Inc., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. W. Peeler. May 86,128p EPA/340/1-86/009A
Contract EPA-68-02-3962
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Stationary Source Compliance Div,
A study was conducted in Missouri to evaluate the reli-
ability of opacity monitoring data and to facilitate the
development and evaluation of QA procedures for
opacity CEMS's. The study included opacity CEMS's
installed on six coal-fired electric utility generating
units at four generating stations, each owned by a dif-
ferent company. The sources were representative of a
wide range of monitoring applications and conditions,
and were equipped with contemporary opacity moni-
toring instrumentation. For each station, monitor- and
source-specific opacity CEMS QA procedures were
developed and CEMS audits were conducted at the
beginning of the study. Plant personnel implemented
and revised the QA procedures and conducted a per-
formance audit during a 6- to 8-month period. Perform-
ance audits were also conducted at the end of the
study. The report presents evaluations both of opacity
CEMS reliability (i.e., accuracy, precision, and avail-
ability) and of the QA procedures that were used in the
study. In summary, appropriate and effective QA pro-
cedures can be developed and implemented for a vari-
ety of opacity monitoring equipment and applications
without imposing an undue burden on the monitor op-
erators. Such procedures are inherently source- and
monitor-specific. Reliable opacity monitoring data are
obtained when appropriate QA procedures are imple-
mented.
Keywords: "Monitors, Performance evaluation, Quality
assurance, Comparison, "Continuous emission moni-
toring systems, Air pollution detection.
PB87-228409/HSU	PC A09
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Episodic Emissions Data Summary. Final rept. Mar-
Jun 87,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. H. Howie, and R. A. Nash. Jun 87,188p RAD-87-
231 -020-17-30, EPA/450/3-87/016
Contract EPA-68-02-3816
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The report presents a complete summary of episodic
emissions data collected by the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency (EPA) under the authority of Section 114
of the Clean Air Act (CAA), Episodic emissions data
were collected for the production and use of nine po-
tentially hazardous organic compounds: methylene
chloride (MC), carbon tetrachloride (CT), chloroform
(CF), perchloroethylene (PCE), trichloroethylene
(TCE), ethylene dichloride (EDC), butadiene (BD), eth-
ylene oxide (EO), and epichlorohydrin (EPI). These
chemicals and data are reported in 13 source catego-
ries that best describe the scope of use of these
chemicals.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Air pollution, Or-
ganic compounds, "Episodic emissions, Butadiene,
Carbon tetrachloride, Chloroform, Ethylene dichloride,
Epichlorohydrin.
PB87-228474/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing EPN as the Active Ingredi-
ent.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Apr 87.206p* EPA/540/RS-87/216
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Regulations, Man-
ufacturing, Chemistry, Toxicology, Residues, Ecology,
Organic phosphates, "Registration, Path of pollutants,
"Toxic substances, EPN insecticide, "Phosphonoth-
ioicacid/ethyl-(nitrophenyl-ester)-phenyl.
PBB7-228482/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
EBDC (Ethylene Bisdithiocarbamate) Pesticides:
Notice of Initiation of Special Review.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
10 Jul 87,30p EPA/540/9-87/217
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
'Toxicology, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory animals,
Exposure, Physiological effects, Regulations, "Toxic
substances, Health risks, Pesticide residues, EBDC,
"Ethylene/bisdithiocarbamate.
PB87-228490/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Cadmium: Decision Document.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs,
4 Aug 87, 41 p EPA/540/9-87/215
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: "Cadmium, "Environmental surveys, "Pes-
ticides, 'Toxicology, Toxicity, Residues, Ecology, Ex-
posure, Laboratory animals, 'Toxic substances,
Health risks, Pesticide residues, Path of pollutants.
PB87-228508/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Total Mass Emissions from a Hazardous Waste In-
cinerator,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
A. Trenholm, T. Lapp, G. Scheil, J. Coates, and S.
Klomm. Aug 87, 233p EPA/600/2-87/064
Contract EPA-68-03-3241
Prepared in cooperation with Acurex Corp., Mountain
View, CA. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineer-
ing Research Lab.
Past studies of hazardous waste incinerators by the
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory
have primarily examined the performance of combus-
tion systems relative to the destruction and removal ef-
ficiency (DRE) for Resource Conservation and Recov-
ery Act (RCRA) Appendix VIII compounds in the waste
feed. These earlier studies demonstrated that in gen-
eral most facilities performed quite well relative to the
DRE. However, subsequent review by the Environ-
mental Protection Agency's (EPA) Science Advisory
Board raised questions about additional Appendix VIII
or non-Appendix VIII constituents that were not identi-
fied in the earlier tests and might be emitted from haz-
ardous waste combustion. The report presents results
of a characterization of incinerator effluents to the
extent that the emitted compounds can be identified
and quantified. Measurements were made of both Ap-
pendix VIII and non-Appendix VIII compounds in all ef-
fluents (stack, ash, water, etc.) from a full scale inciner-
ator.
Keywords: 'Incinerators, "Air pollution, 'Particles, "In-
dustrial waste treatment, "Hazardous waste inciner-
ators.
PB87-228516/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Soil Gas Sensing for Detection and Mapping of
Volatile Organlcs. Project rept. (Summary),
Nevada Univ., Las Vegas.
D A Devitt, R. B. Evans, W. A. Jury, T. H. Starks, and
B. Eklund. Aug 87, 282p EPA/600/8-87/036
Prepared in cooperation with Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The document is an attempt at compiling all pertinent
information on the current state of the art of soil gas
sensing as it relates to the detection of subsurface or-
qanic contaminants. It is hoped that such a document
will better assist all those individuals who are faced
with assessing the extent of the contamination soil
groundwater systems. The document addresses five
important areas related to soil gas monitoring: (1) site
specific parameter considerations; (2) transport and
retention of organics in soil and groundwater; (3) sam-
pling methods; (4) analytical methods; (5) statistical
treatment of soil organic vapor measurements.
Keywords: Soil surveys, "Gases, "Waste disposal,
"Hazardous materials, "Water pollution, Gas detec-
tors, Subsurface drainage, "Ground water, Site sur-
veys, Sampling, Plumes, Hydrocarbons, Vaporizing,
'Organic compounds, Gas analysis, Soil analysis, In-
dustrial wastes, Fuel oils, "Soil contamination, 'Path of
pollutants, Environmental transport, Superfund pro-
gram, Chemical spills.
PB87-228524/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Paraquat Dichloride as the
Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jun 87, 205p* EPA/540/RS-87/213
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Regulations, Man-
ufacturing, Chemistry, Toxicology, Residues, Ecology,
Bipyridinium compounds, 'Registration, Path of pollut-
ants, 'Toxic substances, "Paraquat herbicide, Bipyri-
dinium dichloride/dimethyl.
PB87-228557/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Technical Analysis of New Methods and Data Re-
garding Dichloromethane Hazard Assessments.
External Review Draft,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
S. Bayard, D. L. Bayliss, J. N. Blancato, M. Bloom, and
M. Cohn. Jun 87, 171 p EPA/600/8-87/029A
New information on cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and epi-
demiology has raised some questions about the feder-
al regulatory agencies' cancer risk assessments for
dichloromethane (DCM, methylene chloride). In addi-
tion, physiologically based pharmacokinetic models
have been developed, showing that tissue-level deliv-
ery of metabolically activated DCM may be dispropor-
tionately reduced at low exposure levels. These stud-
ies suggest to some that the clear carcinogenic re-
sponse seen in mice under chronic high exposures
does not imply substantive human risk at low doses.
The Health/Risk Assessment Committee (HRAC),
comprising representatives of four federal regulatory
agencies, was convened to conduct joint analyses of
these new data. The document reports on the HRAC's
consideration of the data and the questions they raise
about human cancer risk from DCM. It serves as a
source of up-to-date analyses that may be drawn upon
by each agency as it considers modifying its cancer
risk assessment. The HRAC finds that, despite new
data, the mechanism of carcinogenic action of DCM
remains problematical; there is no basis at present to
conclude that carcinogenic response is unique to mice
or confined to high exposure levels.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Toxicology, Epide-
miology, Bioassay, Screening, Toxicity, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Metabolism, "Methane/dichloro,
Carcinogenesis, Pharmacokinetics.
PB87-22856S/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Update to the Health Assessment Document and
Addendum for Dichloromethane (Methylene Chlo-
ride): Pharmacokinetics, Mechanism of Action,
and Epidemiology. External Review Draft,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
J. N. Blancato, J. Hopkins, and L. Rhomberg. Jul 87,
135p* EPA/600/8-87/030A
The document represents EPA's analysis of the weight
of evidence regarding the carcinogenic potential of
dichloromethane (DCM, methylene chloride) for
humans. It includes revised cancer risk estimates that
take into account the newest information on pharma-
cokinetics, mechanism of action, and epidemiology,
and it discusses, in some detail, methods for incorpo-
rating pharmacokinetic information into the cancer risk
assessment. The document draws on the body of work
developed by the Hazard/Risk Assessment Commit-
tee (HRAC) of the Integrated Chlorinated Solvents
Project, an interagency workgroup. For the present,
EPA scientists have used methods that result in an ap-
proximate ninefold reduction from previous unit esti-
mates which were based on applied dose.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Industrial hygiene,
"Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, Carcinogens!
Chloromethanes, Epidemiology, Methane/dichloro]
DCM, Methylene chloride, Pharmacokinetics, "Toxic
substances, Cancer, "Occupational safety and health.
PB87-228656/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Prevention Reference Manual: Control Technol-
ogies. Volume 1. Prevention and Protection Tech-
nologies for Controlling Accidental Releases of
Air Toxics. Final rept. Nov 86-Jun 87,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
D. S. Davis, G. B. DeWolf, and J. D. Quass. Aug 87,
297p DCN-87-203-023-62-20, EPA/600/8-87/039A
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The volume discusses prevention and protection
measures for controlling accidental releases of air
toxics. The probability of accidental releases depends
on the extent to which deviations (in magnitude and
duration) in the process can be tolerated before a loss
of chemical containment. Developing a satisfactory
control system and equipment capable of withstanding
deviations requires adherence to sound process and
physical plant design principles and to appropriate pro-
cedures and management practices. A process can be
controlled by manipulating flow, temperature, pres-
sure, composition, and quantity. A control system can
be improved by improving the quality, specifications,
and maintenance of physical components, and by du-
plicating components where warranted. The probabili-
ty of equipment failure (causing a release) can be re-
duced by considering various aspects of physical plant
design. Finally, protection system technologies (eg
flares, scrubbers, and enclosures) offer a last line of
defense against accidental toxic chemical releases.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Chemical plants,
Control equipment, Manuals, Accidents, Toxicity, Pro-
tection, Design criteria, Temperature, Inorganic com-
pounds, Organic compounds, Management, Pressure,
Volume, Specifications, Maintenance.
PB87-228664/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab
Prevention Reference Manual: Chemical Specific
Volume 9. Control of Accidental Releases of Chlo^
rlne,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
D. S. Davis, G. B. DeWolf, J. D. Quass, and K. P. Wert
Aug 87, 174p DCN-87-203-023-94-14, EPA/600/8-87-
0341
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re.
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The manual discusses reducing the risk associated
with an accidental release of chlorine. It identifies ex-
amples of potential causes of accidental releases that
apply to processes that use chlorine, as well as meas-
ures that may be taken to reduce the accidental re-
lease risk. Such measures include recommendations
on plant design practices; prevention, protection, and
mitigation technologies; and operation and mainte-
nance practices. It provides conceptual cost estimates
of possible prevention, protection, and mitigation
measures. Chlorine has an IDLH (immediately danger-
ous to life and health) concentration, making it a sub-
stantial acute toxic hazard.
Keywords: "Accidents, "Chlorine, "Toxicity, "Pollution
Manuals, Risk, Cost estimates, Chemical plants'
Design criteria, Protection, Public health, Recommen-
dations, Maintenance, Chemical releases.
PB87-228763/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, qh
Water Engineering Research Lab.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bacteria Attached to Granular Activated Carbon
in Drinking Water. Environmental research brief
(Final) Sep 82-Aug 86,
Montana State Univ., Bozeman. Dept. of Microbiology.
G. A. McFeters, A. K. Camper, M. W. LeChevallier, S.
C. Broadaway, and D. G. Davies. Jun 87, 7p EPA/600/
M-87/003
Grant EPA-R-810015
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Laboratory and field studies were undertaken to
answer basic questions about the influence of granular
activated carbon (GAC) on the bacteriological quality
of drinking water. A sampling apparatus consisting of a
47-mm Swinnex/and a 16-layer filter was developed to
trap filter fines from large volumes of water. A desorp-
tion technique combined with optimal culturing proce-
dures allowed for the enumeration of particle-associat-
ed bacteria. GAC-attached bacteria were resistant to
2.0 mg/l chlorine after 1 hr of exposure. Enteric patho-
gens were capable of colonizing laboratory-scale GAC
filters. Their colonization potential and longevity de-
pended on the presence of autochthonous river water
organisms. GAC filter particles were found in effluents
from properly operated treatment facilities. Several
operational variables (increased bed depth, turbidity of
applied water, and filtration rate) did correlate positive-
ly with the presence of fines in filter effluents. Bed age
was not associated with breakthrough.
Keywords: "Water quality, "Activated carbon treat-
ment, 'Bacteria, "Water treatment, Filtration, Aquatic
microbiology, Potable water, Marine microorganisms,
Microorganism control(Water), Fines, Effluents, De-
sorption, Disinfection, Enterobacteriaceae.
PB87-229639/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Comparison of AIRDOS-EPA Predictions of
Ground-Level Airborne Radionuclide Concentra-
tions to Measured Values. Final rept.,
Faucett (Jack) Associates, Bethesda, MD.
D. Hutson. Aug 87,49p* JACKFAU-341/12-87
Contract EPA-68-02-4375
See also PB80-147838. Prepared in cooperation with
SC and A., Inc., McLean, VA. Sponsored by Office of
Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
The precision of the AIRDOS-EPA code in predicting
ground-level radionuclide concentrations at varying
distances from the source is high, after adjustment for
incorrectly specified source characteristics or possible
measurement bias at each site. The precision of the
model is best measured by the constrained regression
of adjusted predicted values versus measured values
for all sites. The coefficient of determination (R2) of
this regression is 0.77 with a slope of 0.92, indicating
that the predicted concentrations are statistically
equivalent to the measured values after adjustment of
site-specific bias. At the 50 percent confidence level,
the predicted concentrations at all sites are within 50
percent of the measured values after adjustment.
Keywords: Radiation dosage, Radioactive isotopes,
Plumes, Gases, Aerosols, Radon isotopes, Computer
programs, Mathematical models, "Radionuclide migra-
tion, "AIRDOS-EPA computer program, Radioactive
effluents, Radioactive aerosols.
PB87-229654/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Environmental Methods Testing Site Project: Data
Management Procedures Plan,
Northrop Services, Inc./Environmental Sciences,
Dayton, OH.
E. H. Barrows. Jun 87, 46p EPA/600/4-87/023
Contract EPA-68-02-4444
See also PB87-145827. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The Environmental Methods Testing Site (EMTS) Data
Management Procedures Plan identifies the computer
hardware and software resources used in the EMTS
project. If identifies the major software packages that
are available for use by principal investigators for the
analysis of data. It establishes standard methods for
the transfer of data sets between the two principal op-
erating locations. The procedures to add data to the
EMTS data base, to extract data, and to generate re-
ports are detailed The responsibilities for the con-
trolled. orderly and efficient use of the resources are
delineated.
Keywords: "Data management, Exposure, Data proc-
essing, Procedures, Hardware, Statistical analysis,
"Environmental monitoring. File transfer.
PB87-229662/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Waste Minimization Audit Report: Case Studies of
Minimization of Cyanide Waste from Electroplat-
ing Operations.
Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc., Pasadena, CA.
Aug 87, 102p EPA/600/2-87/056
Contract EPA-68-01-7053
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
To promote waste minimization activities in accord-
ance with the national policy objectives established
under the 1984 Hazardous and Solid Waste Amend-
ments to the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act of 1976 (RCRA), the Hazardous Waste Engineer-
ing Research Laboratory (HWERL) of the USEPA
Office of Research and Development has undertaken
a project to develop and test a waste minimization
(WM) audit procedure. As part of the project, a total of
6 WM audits were carried out in four separate facilities.
The report presents the results of the on-site WM
audits performed at two electroplating facilities that
generate cyanide-bearing wastes. The report also de-
scribes the WM audit procedure as it has developed
from the initial (pre-project) sequence of steps, to the
modified (post-project) sequence that reflects the ex-
perience gained during this HWERL project.
Keywords: "Waste management, "Auditing, "Cyan-
ides, "Electroplating, "Hazardous wastes, Resource
Recovery Acts, Waste Disposal Acts.
PB87-229688/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Investigation of Slurry Cutoff Wall Design and
Construction Methods for Containing Hazardous
Wastes. Final rept. Sep 83-Sep 86,
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Dept. of Civil and Environmental
Engineering.
R. M. McCandless, and A. Bodocsi. Aug 87,205p
EPA/600/2-87/063
Contract EPA-68-03-3210
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The document reviews current design and construc-
tion methods of soil-bentonite slurry trench cutoff
walls. It summarizes engineering practices, identifies
areas of technical detail and initiates research to pro-
mote the development of standards for use of slurry
walls to isolate hazardous waste. An instrumented
slurry test column was developed and used to investi-
gate the hydraulic characteristics of bentonite slurry
seals formed, during construction, on cutoff trench
walls. A slurry wall tank was used to evaluate the ef-
fects of overburden pressure and hydraulic gradient to
evaluate the potential for self-remediation of hydraulic
defects via in situ consolidation of soil-bentonite back-
fill.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Ground water, Pol-
lution, Walls, Containment, Bentonite, Slurries.
PB87-230165/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Innovative and Alternative Technology Protects:
1987 Progress Report.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Municipal Pollution Control.
Sep 87,71 p*
See also report for 1986, PB86-247343.
The publication is issued annually to provide to inter-
ested parties with an overview of progress in the imple-
mentation of innovative and alternative technologies
under provisions of the Clean Water Act. The report is
based upon information from grant awards through
April for the year of issued as provided by state agen-
cies and EPA regional offices.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, "Sewage treatment,
Sludge drying, Dewatering, Vacuum apparatus, Disin-
fection, Aeration, Ultraviolent radiation, Irrigation,
Waste water reuse, Land application.
PB87-230371/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Summary of Appropriate Analytical Methods for
Appendix 9. Part 1: Survey of Data for Individual
Compounds. Part 2: Supplementary Information
on Selected Compounds.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Jul 87,602p
See also PB87-120291.
The report provides basic analytical information and
references for constituents listed on Appendix IX to 40
CFR Part 264. It provides supplemental information to
EPA Office of Solid Waste document SW-846: 'Solid
Waste Testing Methods and references SW-846 and
other analytical development documents. The docu-
ment is in catalog format for each item on Appendix IX.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "Hazardous materials,
Reactivity, Ignition, Sampling, Extraction, Atomic spec-
troscopy, Gas chromatography, "Solid wastes, Toxic
substances, Heavy metals.
PB87-230660/HSU	CP D02
Program to Calculate Size Specific Particulate
Emission Factors for Mobile Sources (for Micro-
computers). Software,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Motor Vehicle Emission Lab.
J. Adler. May 87,1 diskette EPA/SW/DK-87/032
Supersedes PB86-179702.
The Software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskette,
double sided, double density compatible with the IBM
XT microcomputer. Diskettes are in ASCII format.
Price includes documentation, PB86-179694.
The methodology and sources of data for the program
are described in detail in the report, Size Specific Total
Particulate Emission Factors for Mobile Sources, pre-
pared in August, 1984 for EPA by EEA. That report de-
scribes the calculation of particulate emission factors
for each of the six vehicle classes used in the program.
It also provides emission factors for each major type of
particulate (lead, organic, sulfate, and diesel compos-
ite). The program inputs and format are designed to
parallel those found in MOBILE 3. User inputs include
scenario year, vehicle speed, driving conditions, and
particle size range. By setting control flags the user
can elect to replace the default data with locality spe-
cific data-Software Description: The program is writ-
ten in the FORTRAN programming language for imple-
mentation on IBM-XT or compatible microcomputer.
Keywords: "Software, "Dust control, "Roads, "Motor
vehicles, Magnetic tapes, Chemical compounds,
Stabilizers(Agents), Emissions, Rural areas, "Air pollu-
tion control, "Unpaved roads. Chemical treatment,
Stationary sources, Particulates.
PB87-231031/HSU	PC A23/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Arkansas, Water Year
1986. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 85-30 Sep 86,
Geological Survey, Little Rock, AR. Water Resources
Div.
T. E. Lamb, J. E. Porter, B. F. Lambert, and J. Edds.
Jun 87, 545p USGS/WRD/HD-87/240, USGS/WDR/
AR-86/1
See also report for 1985, PB87-111712. Prepared in
cooperation with Arkansas Dept. of Pollution Control
and Ecology, Little Rock, Arkansas Geological Com-
mission, Little Rock, and Arkansas State Highway and
Transportation Dept., Little Rock.
Water resources data for the 1986 water year for Ar-
kansas consists of records of discharge, and water
quality of streams; water quality of lakes; water levels
and water quality of observation wells. The report con-
tains discharge records for 48 regular surface-water
stations; water-quality data for 154 regular water-qual-
ity stations, 73 partial-record water-quality station, 5
observation wells, and 1 precipitation station; water-
level measurements for 96 observation wells. Also in-
cluded are data for 85 crest-stage partial-record sur-
face-water stations.
Keywords; "Ground water, "Surface waters, "Arkan-
sas, Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow rate. Lakes,
Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, "Water quality data,
"Hydrologic data, Water levels, Discharge(Water).
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-231254/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Prevention Reference Manual: Chemical Specific.
Volume 4. Control of Accidental Releases of Am-
monia (SCAQMD (South Coast Air Quality Man-
agement District)). Final rept. Aug 86-Feb 87,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
D. S. Davis, G. B. DeWolf, J. D. Quass, and M. Stohs.
Aug 87, 128p* DCN-87-203-024-98-23, EPA/600/8-
87/034D
Contract EPA-68-02-3889
See also PB87-227062. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Flesearch Lab.
The manual summarizes technical information that will
assist in identifying and (therefore) controlling ammo-
nia-associated release hazards specific to the South
Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD),
which has considered strategies for reducing the risk
of a major accidental air release of toxic chemicals.
The strategy includes monitoring the storage, han-
dling, and use of certain chemicals and providing guid-
ance to industry and communities. Ammonia gas has
an immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH)
concentration of 500 ppm, which makes it an acute
toxic hazard. To reduce the risk associated with an ac-
cidental release of ammonia, some of the potential
causes of accidental releases that apply to processes
using ammonia in the SCAQMD must be identified. Ex-
amples of such potential causes are identified, as are
measures that may be taken to reduce the accidental
risk. These measures include recommendations on:
plant design practices; prevention, protection, and
mitigation technologies; and operation and mainte-
nance practices. Conceptual costs of possible preven-
tion, protection, and mitigation measures are estimat-
ed.
Keywords: 'Ammonia, "Industrial processes, Design,
Emission, Accidents, Toxicity, Cost estimates, Mainte-
nance, "Accidental releases, Stationary sources, "Air
pollution control.
PB87-231262/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Prevention Reference Manual: Chemical Specific.
Volume 2. Control of Accidental Releases of Am-
monia. Final rept. Nov 86-Jun 87,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
D. S. Davis, G. B. DeWolf, J. D. Quass, and M. Stohs.
Aug 87, 160p* DCN-87-203-023-94-15, EPA/600/8-
87/034K
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
See also PB87-231254. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report discusses the control of accidental re-
leases of ammonia to the atmosphere. Ammonia has
an IDLH (immediately dangerous to life and health)
concentration of 500 ppm, making it an acute toxic
hazard Reducing the risk associated with an acciden-
tal release of ammonia involves identifying some of the
potential causes of accidental releases that apply to
process facilities that use ammonia. This manual iden-
tifies examples of potential causes and measures that
may be taken to reduce the accidental release risk.
Such measures include recommendations on: plant
design practices; prevention, protection, and mitiga-
tion technologies; and operation and maintenance
practices. Conceptual cost estimates of example pre-
vention, protection, and mitigation measures are pro-
vided. The accidental release of a toxic chemical at
Bhopal, India, in 1984 was a milestone in creating in-
creased public awareness of toxic release problems.
As a result of other, perhaps less dramatic, incidents in
the past, portions of the chemical industry were aware
of the problem long before Bhopal.
Keywords: "Ammonia, "Industrial processes, Design,
Emission, Accidents, Toxicity, Cost estimates, Mainte-
nance, "Accidental releases, Stationary sources, "Air
pollution control.
PB87-231387/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Stationary Source Compliance Div.
Technical Assistance Document for Monitoring
Total Reduced Sulfur (TRS) from Kraft Pulp Mills.
Final rept.,
Engineering-Science, Inc., Cary, NC
672 Vol. 90, No. 24
W. T. Winberry. Dec 85, 385p EPA/340/1 -85/013A
Contract EPA-68-02-3960
See also PB86-155439. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Stationary
Source Compliance Div.
The document supports enforcement personnel in de-
termining whether a total reduced sulfur (TRS) contin-
uous emission monitoring (CEM) system is operating
properly after initial compliance, in order to assure con-
tinuous compliance of Kraft pulp mills with TRS stand-
ards. The Kraft process, the applicable NSPS (Subpart
BB), common TRS CEM systems, performance speci-
fication tests, and QA/QC are covered. Evaluation
forms covering all aspects of the TRS CEM system are
provided.
Keywords: "Sulfur, "Air pollution control, "Sulfate pulp-
ing, Monitoring, Inspection, Specifications, Field tests,
Industrial wastes, Auditing, Evaluation, State govern-
ment, National government, Combustion products.
PB87-231643/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 135: Dodine.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Pesticide Programs.
27 Feb 87, 9p EPA/540/FS-87/208
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Regulations, "Dodine, Chemi-
cal information fact sheet, Use patterns, Science find-
ings, Dodecylguanidine acetate, Dodecylguanidine hy-
drochloride, Dodecylguanidine terephthalate, CAS
2439-10-3, CAS 13590-97-1, CAS 19727-17-4.
PB87-231650/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 133: Bromlnated Sa-
licylanillde.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Dec 85,4p EPA/540/FS-87/207
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Regulations, Antimicrobials,
"Salicylanide/tribromo, Chemical Information Fact
Sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, CAS 87-10-5,
Tribromsalan.
PB87-231668/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 131: Paraquat.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
18 Jun 87,12p EPA/540/FS-87/206
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Regulations, "Paraquat,
Chemical Information Fact Sheet, Use patterns. Sci-
ence findings, Acetic acid/mercaptophenyl, CAS
1910-42-5, Bipyridylnium.
PB87-231676/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 130: Dinoseb.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Oct 86, 6p EPA/540/FS-87/205
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Regulations, Fungicide, Her-
bicide, Insecticide, "Dinoseb, Chemical Information
Fact Sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, Phenol/
dinitro, CAS 88-85-7.
PB87-231684/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 138: Isazophos.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
25 Jun 87, 7p EPA/540/FS-87/211
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Regulations, Insecticide,
"Isazophos, Chemical Information Fact Sheet, Use
patterns, Science findings, CAS 42509-80-8, Organo-
phosphate.
PB87-231692/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 132: Sodium Salt of
Fomesafen.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Apr 87,11 p EPA/540/ FS-87 / 203
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard. (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a rww
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Regulations, Herbicide,
"Sodium salt of fomesafen, Chemical Information Fact
Sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, CAS 72178-02-
0, "Diphenyl ethers.
PB87-231700/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 136: Diphenamid.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Pesticide Programs.
24 Jun 87,11 p EPA/540/FS-87/209
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a n«w
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Regulations, "Diphenamid
Chemical Information Fact Sneet, Use patterns, Sci-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-231759/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Design of Laboratory Systems lor Controlling the
Activity of Moderately Volatile Organic Com-
pounds,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. Westall, B. Brownawell, R. Hilburn, and G.
Schuytema. Aug 87,64p EPA/600/3-87/030
Prepared in cooperation with Oregon State Univ., Cor-
vallis. Dept. of Chemistry.
The gas-phase transfer of hexachlorobenzene (HCB)
from the solid to the chambers used for sediment-
water bioaccumulation tests was investigated. The
physical properties of HCB found in the literature are
summarized. Significant discrepancies were found
among different methods. The chief sources in uncer-
tainty in these data were due to variations in tempera-
ture, and the possible incomplete equilibration of the
solid with the gas. These items are discussed in detail.
The theory for transfer from gas to a liquid is devel-
oped. The effects of association of HCB with humate
and other competing processes (head space losses,
adsorption to food, organisms, sediment) are included.
Experimental data from the use of the apparatus in
actual bioaccumulation experiments are discussed.
Keywords: Physical properties, *Air pollution control,
"Volatile organic compounds, Bioaccumulation, "Ben-
zene/hexachloro.
PB87-231866/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 137: Tebuthiuron.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
31 Jul 87,14pEPA/540/FS-87/210
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary ol the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Herbicides, "Pesticides, Regulations, "Te-
buthiuron, Chemical Information Fact Sheet, Use pat-
terns, Science findings.
PB87-232112/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Prevention Reference Manual: User's Quide Over-
view for Controlling Accidental Releases of Air
Toxics. Final rept. May 86-Mar 87,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
D S. Davis, G. B. DeWolf, and J. D. Quass. Jul 87,
173p DCN-87-203-023-62-17, EPA/600/8-87/028
Contract EPA-68-02-3889
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The User's Guide, the first in a series of manuals, pre-
sents an overview of available methods for identifying,
evaluating, and controlling hazards in facilities that
use, manufacture, or store acutely toxic chemicals that
could be released into the environment. Hazardous
chemicals and their key characteristics are discussed,
followed by a discussion of the potential hazards in
process and physical plant design and in operational
procedures. Formal methods of hazard identification
and evaluation are discussed, their major features are
compared, and an overview of control principles for
prevention, protection, and mitigation is presented. Ex-
amples of control technologies are listed, and an ex-
ample guide for inspecting facilities is presented. Im-
portant references on the topic of accidental toxic
chemical release prevention are cited.
Keywords: Manuals, Toxicity, Emissions, Chemical
compounds. Hazardous materials, "Accident preven-
tion. Stationary sources. "Air pollution control.
PB87-232120/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Evaluation of Rural Air Quality Simulation Models.
Addendum D: Paradise S02 Data Base,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
W. M. Cox, H. W. Rorex, G. K. Moss, and E. W.
Baldridge. Jan 87,105p EPA/450/4-83/003D
See also Addendum C, PB86-242757.
The addendum provides additional information regard-
ing the performance of four rural air quality simulation
models using S02 air quality and a modelers data
base assembled for the Paradise Power Plant. The
report contains numerous tabulations of each model's
performance in terms of statistical measures recom-
mended by the AMS. The four models evaluated in-
cluded MPTER (EPA), PPSP (Martin Marietta Corp),
MPSDM (ERT) and TEM-8A (Texas Air Control Board).
Results from this evaluation were similar in many ways
to those obtained for Cliffy Creek, Muskingum River
and Kincaid. PPSP clearly over-predicted concentra-
tions in almost every data category while MPSDM,
MPTER, and TEM exhibited relatively small but detect-
able biases depending on averaging period and data
category.
Keywords: "Electric power plants, "Air pollution,
"Mathematical models, Simulation models, Evaluation,
Rural areas, Sulfur dioxide, Statistical data, Meteorol-
ogy, "Air quality.
PB87-232138/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Technical Guidance on the Review and Use of
Coal Sampling and Analysis (CSA) Data,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
L. R. Paley. Oct 85,98p EPA/340/1-85/010
The document provides technical guidance to EPA's
regional offices and State and local control agencies
on the review and use of coal sampling and analysis
(CSA) data in monitoring the compliance status of Sub-
part D boilers burning compliance coal and other large
boilers which are not presently using S02 Continuous
Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS) nor submitting
S02 Excess Emission Reports (EERs). The guidance
is not applicable when the CSA method is specified as
the emission compliance, alternative emission compli-
ance, or sulfur-in-fuel compliance test method. The
guideline describes specific forms and calculation
methods to convert the source's coal sampling and
analysis data into S02 EERs.
Keywords: "Coal, "Chemical analysis, "Sampling,
"Sulfur dioxide, Emissions, "Air pollution detection,
Monitoring, Compliance.
PB87-232203/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Method for Estimating Fugitive Particulate Emis-
sions from Hazardous Waste Sites. Final rept. Apr-
Sep 84,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. H. Turner, M. R. Branscome, R. L. Chessin, A. S.
Damle, and R. V. Kameth. Aug 87,192p* EPA/600/2-
87/066
Contract EPA-68-03-3149
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Control techniques are reviewed for applicability to fu-
gitive particulate emissions from hazardous waste
sites. Techniques judged applicable include chemical
stabilization (40 to 100 percent efficiency, $520/acre-
yr to $2,720/acre-yr), wet suppression (25 to 90 per-
cent efficiency, $365/acre-yr to $1,270/acre-yr), phys-
ical covering (30 to 100 percent efficiency, $0.01 /sq.m
to $65/sq.m), vegetative covering (50 to 80 percent ef-
ficiency, $0.11 /sq.m to $3.96/sq.m), and windscreens
(30 to 80 percent efficiency, $18.01/sq.m to $26.90/
sq.m of screen). Reducing vehicle speed on unpaved
roads can reduce emissions by 25 to 80 percent de-
pending on initial conditions. Supporting reviews are
included for soil characteristics, emission factors, and
dispersion processes that generate and distribute fugi-
tive particulate matter. A method is described to esti-
mate degree of contamination (DOC) of soil particles
based on the contaminating chemical's water solubility
and the soil's organic carbon content. A first-order
decay process is included. Five example sites are de-
scribed and estimates made of uncontrolled and con-
trolled downwind concentrations ot hazardous con-
stituents. Annual averages are in the attogram to na-
nogram per cubic meter range. Ranges for control and
efficiency costs for each site are included.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Hazardous materials, Parti-
cles, Concentration(Composition), Costs, "Fugitive
emissions, "Particulates, Air pollution sampling.
PB87-232252/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Reference Manual of Countermeasures for Haz-
ardous Substance Releases. Rept. for Sep 82-Jul
84,
Environmental Monitoring and Services, Inc., Camar-
illo, CA.
W. Unterberg, R. W. Melvold, S. L. Davis, F. J.
Stephens, and F. G. Bush. Aug 87,297p EPA/600/2-
87/069
Contract EPA-68-03-3014
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
When a release of hazardous substances has oc-
curred or threatens to occur, federal, state, local gov-
ernment or industrial personnel may have to assume
responsibility for immediate and planned removal
which is the principal cleanup and treatment phase.
The authors must select treatment and disposal proc-
esses, or countermeasures, which are effective for the
particular hazardous substances and circumstances of
the release. The manual contains procedures to assist
response personnel in selecting optimum counter-
measures. The procedures make up a rational meth-
odology which consists of four decision-making steps
in series, starting with identification of the substance(s)
involved and site-specific parameters, and ending with
an optimization of technically feasible countermeas-
ures in the light of economic, logistic, and other crite-
ria. The methodology uses comprehensive tables, or
matrices, which provide technical guidance for almost
700 hazardous substances designated by the Compre-
hensive Environmental Response, Compensation and
Liability Act of 1980, otherwise known as CERCLA or
Superfund (PL96-510). Remedial action of a long-term
nature, which follows removal, is not addressed here.
The manual is designed as a reference for use in field
or office and stands alone. It is based on available,
sometimes incomplete, sources. Its purpose is to pro-
vide persons with a limited background a fast, work-
able guide to plausible removal countermeasures,
given a reasonable amount of knowledge about the re-
lease. The user should be cognizant of federal, state
and local regulations that may impact the decision to
select specific countermeasures, and of the fact that
these regulations may be amended from time to time.
An example of the application of the manual to a real
situation is included.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Countermeasures,
Manuals, State government, Local government, Na-
tional government, Feasibility, Sites, Procedures, Bio-
logical processes.
PB87-232260/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Technical Support to the South Coast Air Quality
Management District Toxic Chemical Accidental
Air Releases,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
D. S. Davis, and G. B. DeWolf. Aug 87,169p* EPA/
600/8-87/040
Contract EPA-68-02-3889
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The South Coast Air Quality Management District re-
quested technical support toward developing a regula-
tory approach for controlling potential accidental air re-
leases of toxic chemicals. The report provides some of
the technical input and describes other support efforts.
These efforts included preparation of the technical
contents of an example draft rule applicable to facili-
ties using or storing seven specific toxic chemicals and
technical reference manuals concerning hazards and
their control in such facilities.
Keywords: "Air quality, California, Accidents, Chemical
compounds, Technical assistance, Manuals, Regula-
tions, "Toxic substances, "Air pollution control, "Acci-
dental releases.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-232310/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 129: Oxamyl.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Jun 87,8p EPA/540/FS-87/204
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Regulations, Insecticides, Car-
bamates, "Oxamyl, Chemical information fact sheet,
Use patterns, Science findings, CAS 2135-22-0, Acari-
cide, Nematocide.
PB87-232476/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Alliance Technologies Corp., Bedford, MA.
Potentially Responsible Party Search Manual.
Final Report.
PRC Environmental Management, Inc., McLean VA
Aug 87,678p OSWER-9834.6
Contract EPA-68-01-7037
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Sponsored by Alliance Technologies Corp., Bedford,
MA., and Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc., Pasadena,
CA., and Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, DC. Office of Waste Programs Enforcement.
The Potentially Responsible Party (PRP) Search
Manual provides guidance on the PRP search process
including timing, content, basic methodologies, and
problem resolution. It includes current agency policy
affecting aspects of the search, examples, a glossary,
a checklist which includes estimated LOE hours, and
detailed information on database applications.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, Manuals, Settlements,
"Oversight, "Clean up, Superfund, Environmental Pro-
tection Agency.
PB87-232492/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Folpet as the Active Ingredi-
ent.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jun 87, 189p EPA/540/RS-87/218
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Fungicide, "Pesticides, Ecology, Stand-
ards, Regulations, Manufacturing, Chemistry, Toxicol-
ogy, Residues, "Folpet, Phthalimide/N-((trichloro-
methyl(-thio), Path of pollutants, CAS 133-07-3.
PB87-232542/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Carcinogenic Effects of Arsenic Compounds in
Drinking Water,
University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA.
D Y Shirachi, S. H. Tu, and J. P. McGowan. Aug 87,
60p* EPA/600/1-87/007
Grant EPA-R-811619
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Cincin-
nati, OH.
The primary objective of the research projsct was to
determine whether there was a dose-response effect
of arsenite (Aslll) as a promoter of DENA-initiated
tumors in the kidneys of partially hepatectomized rats.
Secondary objectives were to complete the study ex-
tending from the previous grant which was to deter-
mine whether arsenite (Aslll), arsenate (AsV) and di-
methylarsinic acid (DMA) were initiator carcinogens
and/or promoters of DENA-initiated tumors in the rat
kidney. In addition an analytical method for measuring
874 Vol. 90, No. 24
the above three arsenic species simultaneously in the
same biological sample was to be developed. A dose-
response was observed for Aslll promotion in partially
hepatectomized DENA-initiated rats at concentrations
of 40, 80 and 160 mg/L in the drinking water but it was
not statistically significant. Aslll and AsV did not have
any initiator activity in intact male Wistar rats but sig-
nificantly promoted DENA-initiated renal tumors in
these animals. DMA had neither initiator nor promoter
activity.
Keywords: "Arsenic, "Carcinogens, "Water pollution,
Rats, Concentration(Composition), Liver, Dosage, Ar-
senates, Drinking water.
PB87-232591/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Single-Laboratory Evaluation of Method 8080 -Or-
ganochlorine Pesticides and PCBs (Polychlorlnat-
ed Blphenyls),
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA.
V. Lopez-Avila, S. Schoen, and J. Milanes. Aug 87,
253p EPA/600/4-87/022
Contract EPA-68-03-3226
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The design, execution and results of the improvement
and single-laboratory evaluation of SW-846 Method
8080, 'Organochlorine Pesticides and PCBs', are de-
scribed. In the study, the application of the method to
the analysis of aqueous and solid samples for organ-
ochlorine pesticides and PCBs was examined. Defi-
ciencies of the present method were corrected by sub-
stituting a silica gel extract cleanup procedure for the
original Florisil procedure (which results in a better
separation of the pesticides from the PCBs) and by
using capillary gas chromatographic columns in place
of the packed columns (which provides a better gas
chromatographic separation). A limited evaluation of
the sample extraction methods 3510, 3520, 3540 and
3550 preceded the study. Ruggedness testing of some
of the more important parameters of the modified
method was conducted to determine the effect of criti-
cal parameters on method performance. Method per-
formance parameters, including precision, accuracy
and detection limit data, are presented and discussed.
The limitations of the method are described and sug-
gestions are included on how to put this method to
best use.
Keywords: "Chlorine organic compounds, "Pesticides,
"Chemical analysis, Solvent extractions, Gas chroma-
tography, "Polychlorinated biphenyls, Land pollution.
PB87-232633/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Oil Spill Dispersant Testing Require-
ments. Final rept.
Woodward-Clyde Consultants, Walnut Creek, CA.
Aug 87,151 p* EPA/600/2-87/070
Contract EPA-68-03-2621
Prepared in cooperation with SRI International, Menlo
Park, CA. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineer-
ing Research Lab.
The research program evaluates the cost effective-
ness of the procedures for testing oil spill dispersants
as specified in Annex X of the National Oil and Hazard-
ous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan. The test-
ing procedure is described in detail in the Standard
Dispersant Effectiveness and Toxicity Tests (EPA
Report EPA-R2-73-201) and in Annex X These proce-
dures were examined using No. 2 and No. 6 fuel oils
and six commercial oil spill dispersants. The methods
were evaluated in terms of reliability, precision, cost-
effectiveness, and applicability. Seven laboratory
methods for testing dispersant effectiveness using
commercial oil spill products and No. 2 and No. 6 fuel
oils were evaluated. The tests included the EPA,
Mackay, Russian, French, Warren Spring, and two in-
terfacial tension test methods (one based on the du
Nouy ring principle and the other on drop weight).
These tests were reviewed in terms of type, scale,
method of applying mixing energy, and the time re-
quired to conduct a product evaluation. The experi-
mental results, compared in terms of the precision of
the test data and how effective the six nonionic disper-
sants were, demonstrate that the relative effective-
ness found for the dispersants varies appreciably as a
function of the testing method. Reasons for the varia-
tion are discussed, and recommendations are present-
ed on how to achieve dispersant testing data that are
more representative of open-sea conditions.
Keywords: "Cleaning agents, Tests, Performance
evaluation, Dispersing, Fuel oils, Crude oil, Cost effec-
tiveness, "Oil spills, Clean up.
PB87-232641 /HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Sensitivity Analysis for Application of the Inhala-
tion Exposure Methodology (IEM) to Studies of
Hazardous Waste Management Facilities. Rept. for
1 Jan-31 Dec 84,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
F. R. O'Donnell, and C. C. Gilmore. Aug 87,186p EPA/
600/2-87/071
Contract DE-AC05-840R21400
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab., and Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
The Inhalation Exposure Methodology (IEM) is an inte-
grated system of computer programs that simulates
the atmospheric transport of and the resulting human
exposures to pollutants released from one or more
sources at an industrial complex. The study was under-
taken to determine the sensitivity of IEM predictions of
pollution concentrations and population exposures to
(1) variations of selected, user-supplied source, mete-
orological, climatological, and pollutant parameter
values and (2) use of the three available source model-
ing options to represent emission sources found at
hazardous waste management facilities (HWMFs).
These sources include incinerators and associated
structures, storage, and treatment tanks, drum stacks,
process buildings, surface impoundments, waste piles,
and land treatment areas.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Computer codes, "Hazard-
ous wastes, Humans, Chronic exposure, Inhalation,
Pollution sources, "Inhalation exposure methodology.
PB87-232815/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Manual for Preventing Spills of Hazardous Sub-
stances at Fixed Facilities,
Environmental Monitoring and Services, Inc., Newburv
Park, CA.	'
W. Unterberg, R. W. Melvold, K. S. Roos, and P. A.
Scofield. Aug 87,198p* EPA/600/2-87/068
Contract EPA-68-03-3014
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The purpose of the manual is to provide guidance to
prevent spills of hazardous substances in fixed facili-
ties that produce substances from raw or starter mate-
rials, store the substances, or transfer the substances
to and from transportation terminals. The emphasis is
on smaller-sized chemical manufacturing facilities. The
manual consists of seven sections and an Appendix'
(1) Introduction: (2) Manual of practice; (3) Hazardous
substances and their characteristics: (4) Fixed facili-
ties: (5) Facility spill prevention practices: (6) Preven-
tive engineering practices: and (7) Bibliography. Sec-
tion 1 contains the purpose and an overview of the
manual. Section 2, the manual proper, deals with the
preparation of a Facility Spill Prevention Master Plan
and makes use of Sections 3, 4, 5, and 6. Section 3
contains a listing of all hazardous substances under
consideration, with their physical behavior on release
to air, water and ground, and their specific hazards
Section 4 lists the fixed facility equipment elements
that would interact with hazardous substances. Sec-
tion 5 lists the various facility spill prevention practices
including organization, risk identification, material com-
patibility, preventive maintenance, good housekeep-
ing, security and training. Section 6 details the preven-
tive engineering practices such as monitoring and sec-
ondary containment of storage vessels, fire protection
systems, alarm systems, valving and venting, drainage
control, waste treatment, etc. Section 7 lists the
sources used in preparing the manual. The appendix
contains descriptions of fixed facility chemical proc-
essing equipment components, from which a checklist
of equipment items interacting with hazardous sub-
stances can be derived for use in preparing a Spill pra.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, Manuals, Chemical
manufacturing. Guidelines, Physical properties, "Toxic
substances, "Spill prevention, Fixed facilities.
PB87-233151/HSU	PC A23/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Land Disposal, Remedial Action, Incineration and
Treatment of Hazardous Waste. Proceedings of
the Annual Research Symposium (13th) Held at
Cincinnati, Ohio on May 6-8, 1987. Final rept. Dec
86-May 87.
JACACorp., Fort Washington, PA
Jul 87, 540p* EPA/600/9-87/015
Contract EPA-68-03-3258
See also PB87-119491. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste
Engineering Research Lab.
The Thirteenth Annual Research Symposium on Land
Disposal, Remedial Action, Incineration and Treatment
of Hazardous Waste was held in Cincinnati, Ohio, May
6-8, 1987. The purpose of the Symposium was to
present the latest significant research findings of on-
going and recently completed projects funded by the
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory
(HWERL) to persons concerned with hazardous waste
management. These proceedings are for Session A,
Hazardous Waste Land Disposal, Session B, Hazard-
ous Waste Incineration and Treatment, and Session C,
HWERL Posters. Papers presented by Symposium
speakers and poster presentation Abstracts are com-
piled. Land Disposal subjects discussed included land-
fill design and operation, waste leaching and analyses,
pollution migration and control, personnel protection,
surface impoundments, flexible membrane liners, re-
medial action techniques and underground mine dis-
posal. Incineration and treatment subjects included
combustion of hazardous wastes in incinerators, boil-
ers and industrial processes, field evaluations, treat-
ment options and innovative processes for hazardous
waste destruction.
Keywords: "Meetings, "Hazardous materials. Waste
treatment, Combustion, Leaching, Contaminants, Pol-
lution, "Land disposal, Waste management, Sanitary
landfills, Environmental transport.
PB87-23323S/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Stationary Source Compliance Div.
Municipal Waste Combustion Systems - Operation
and Maintenance Study. Final rept.,
Allen Consulting and Engineering, Cary, NC.
R. D. Allen. Jun 87,79p* EPA/340/1 -87/002
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Stationary Source Compliance Div.
The study was undertaken to determine the significant
operation and maintenance (O & M) considerations
that bear directly on the day in/day out air pollution
compliance status of municipal waste combustors
(MWC's). Two independent tasks were performed to
compile and document these O & M considerations.
First, seven MWC sites were visited to interview equip-
ment operators and management personnel to deter-
mine the nature of the problems they routinely encoun-
ter in operating MWC systems. The information gath-
ered from their visits is reported herein through a de-
scription of 0 & M problems and solutions for each
major subsystem in the MWC process. The subsys-
tems discussed include: fuel preparation and handling:
furnace operation; ash handling; air pollution control
equipment; fans, ducts and stacks; and procedural
considerations such as startup/shutdown, equipment
inspection, and recordkeeping. Second, a field study
was conducted to determine the effect of operating
variables on visible emissions (opacity) at one facility.
Ninety days of hourly readings of process and opacity
data were collected by the MWC staff. An attempt was
then made to statistically correlate the process and
opacity data.
Keywords: "Municipal wastes, "Combustion, "Waste
disposal, Emissions, Solid waste disposal, "Air pollu-
tion control, Site visits.
PS87-233250/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Part<, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
National Dioxin Study Tier 4 - Combustion
Sources: Final Test Report ¦ Site 1, Sewage
Sludge Incinerator SSI-A. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
L. E. Keller, C. R. Blackley, and R. F. Jongleux. Apr 87,
168p EPA/450/4-84/014J
Contract EPA-68-03-3148
See also PB87-233292 and PB86-232857. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
The report summarizes the results of a dioxin/furan
emissions test of a multiple hearth sewage sludge in-
cinerator equipped with a wet scrubber system for par-
ticulate emissions control. The test was the first in a
series of thirteen dioxin/furan emissions tests con-
ducted under Tier 4 of the National Dioxin Study. The
primary objective of Tier 4 is to determine if various
combustion sources are sources of dioxin and/or furan
emissions. If any of the combustion sources are found
to ehrtit dioxin or furan, the secondary objective of Tier
4 is to quantify these emissions. Sewage sludge incin-
erators are one of eight combustion sources catego-
ries tested in the Tier 4 program. The tested incinera-
tor was included in the Tier 4 study because it was
considered to be fairly typical of the multiple hearth
sewage sludge incineration source category. Data pre-
sented in the report include dioxin (tetra through octa
homologue +2378 TCDD) and furan (tetra through
octa homologue +2378 TCDD) results for both stack
samples and ash samples. In addition, process data
collected during sampling are also presented.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Combustion products, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Fly ash, Flue gases, Re-
views, Pesticides, Tables(Data), "Stationary sources,
"Emission factors, "Dioxins, Dibenzodioxin/tetrachlo-
ro, Dibenzofurans.
PB87-233268/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air QualitJ Planning and Standards.
National Oioxln Study Tier 4 • Combustion
Sources: Final Test Report - Site 2, Industrial Solid
Waste Incinerator ISW-A. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. A. Palazzolo, D. P. Dayton, and J. R. McReynolds.
Apr 87,224p EPA/450/4-84/014K
Contract EPA-68-03-3148
See also PB87-233250. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The report summarizes the results of a dioxin/furan
emissions test of an industrial solid waste incinerator
combusting various wastes from the manufacture of
wooden windows and doors. The test was the second
in a series of several dioxin/furan emissions tests con-
ducted under Tier 4 of the National Dioxin Study. The
primary objective of Tier 4 is to determine if various
combustion sources are sources of dioxin and/or furan
emissions. If any of the combustion sources are found
to emit dioxin or furan, the secondary objective of Tier
4 is to quantify these emissions. Industrial solid waste
incinerators are one of eight combustion source cate-
gories tested in the Tier 4 program. The host solid
waste incinerator, designated throughout the report as
incinerator ISW-A, was selected for testing after an ini-
tial information screening and a one-day pretest
survey visit. Data presented in the report include dioxin
(tetra through octa homologue + 2378 TCDD) and
furan (tetra through octa homologue + 2378 TCDD)
results for both stack samples and ash samples. In ad-
dition, process data collected during sampling are also
presented.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Combustion products, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Fly ash, Flue gases, Re-
views, Pesticides, Tables(Data), 'Stationary sources,
"Emission factors, "Dioxins, Dibenzodioxin/tetrachlo-
ro, Dibenzofurans.
PB87-233276/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
National Dioxin Study Tier 4 - Combustion
Source*: Final Test Report - Site 3, Sewage
Sludge Incinerator SSI-B. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. A. Palazzolo, D. B. Bath, and M. H. Keatinq Apr 87
146p EPA/450/4-84/014L
Contract EPA-68-03-3148
See also PB87-233268. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The report summarizes the results of a dioxin/furan
emissions test of a sewage sludge incinerator
equipped with a wet scrubber system for particulate
matter emissions control. The test was the third in a
series of thirteen dioxin/furan emissions tests con-
ducted under Tier 4 of the National Dioxin Study. The
primary objective of Tier 4 is to determine if various
combustion sources are sources of dioxin and/or furan
emissions. If any of the combustion sources are found
to emit dioxin or furan, the secondary objective of Tier
4 is to quantify these emissions. Sewage sludge incin-
erators are one of eight combustion source categories
tested in the Tier 4 program. The tested sewage
sludge incinerator, hereafter referred to as incinerator
SSI-B, was selected for this test after an initial informa-
tion screening and a one-day pretest survey visit. Data
presented in the report include dioxin (tetra through
octa homologue + 2378 TCDD) and furan (tetra
through octa homologue + 2378 TCDF) results for
both stack samples and ash samples. In addition,
process data collected during sampling are also pre-
sented.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Combustion products, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Fly ash, Flue gases, Re-
views, Pesticides, Tables(Data), "Stationary sources,
"Emission factors, "Dioxins, Oibenzodioxin/tetrachio-
ro, Dibenzofurans.
PB87-233284/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
National Dioxin Study Tier 4 - Combustion
Sources: Final Test Report - Site 4, Black Liquor
Boiler BLB-A. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
L. E. Keller, D. R. Knisley, and R. F. Jongleux. Apr 87,
189p EPA/450/4-84/014M
Contract EPA-68-03-3148
See also PB87-233276. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The report summarizes the results of a dioxin/furan
emissions test of a black liquor recovery boiler
equipped with a wet-bottom electrostatic precipitator
for particulate matter emissions control. Blagk liquor
recovery boilers are used at kraft pulp mills to produce
process steam and to reclaim inorganic chemicals
from spent wood pulping liquors. The test is the forth in
a series of several dioxin/furan emissions tests being
conducted under Tier 4 of the National Dioxin Study.
The primary objective of Tier 4 is to determine if vari-
ous combustion sources are sources of dioxin and/or
furan emissions. If any of the combustion sources are
found to emit dioxin or furan the secondary objective of
Tier 4 is to quantify these emissions. Black liquor re-
covery boilers are one of 8 combustion source catego-
ries tested in the Tier 4 program. The test black liquor
boiler, hereafter referred to as boiler BLB-A, was se-
lected for the test after an initial information screening
and a one-day pretest survey visit. Data presented in
the report include dioxin (tetra through octa homo-
logue + 2378 TCDD) and furan (tetra through octa
homologue + 2378 TCDF) results for stack samples.
In addition, process data collected during sampling are
also presented.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Combustion products, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Fly ash, Flue gases, Re-
views, Pesticides, Tables(Data), "Stationary sources,
"Emission factors, "Dioxins, Dibenzodioxin/tetrachlo-
ro, Dibenzofurans.
PB87-233292/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
National Dioxin Study Tier 4 • Combustion
Sources: Final Test Report • Site 5, Black Liquor
Boiler BLB-B. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. A. Palazzolo, W. E. Kelly, and D. Holder. Apr 87,
298p EPA/450/4-84/014N
Contract EPA-68-03-3148
See also PB87-233284. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The report summarizes the results of a dioxin/furan
emissions test of a black liquor recovery boiler
equipped with a dry-bottom electrostatic precipitator
for particulate emissions control. Black liquor recovery
boilers are used at Kraft pulp mills to produce process
steam and to reclaim inorganic chemicals from
spentwood pulping liquors The test is the fifth in a
series of several dioxin/furan emissions tests being
conducted under Tier 4 of the National Dioxin Study.
The primary objective of Tier 4 is to determine if vari-
ous combustion sources are found to emit dioxin or
furan, the secondary objective of Tier 4 is to quantify
these emissions. Black liquor recovery boilers are one
of 8 combustion source categories that have been
tested in the Tier 4 program. After an initial information
screening and one-day presurvey visit, this site (BLB-
B) was selected partially because of the higher chlo-
ride content of the black liquor (3.5 wt.% dry) com-
pared to other black liquor recovery boiler sites sur-
veyed in the Tier 4 study (approx. 0.2 to 1.0 wt%, dry).
Data presented in the report include dioxin (tetra
through octa homologue + 2378 TCDD) and furan
(tetra through octa homologue + 2378 TCDF) results
for stack samples. In addition, process data collected
during sampling are also presented.
Keywords: *Air pollution, "Combustion products, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Fly ash, Flue gases, Re-
views, Pesticides, Tables(Data), "Stationary sources,
"Emission factors, "Dioxins, Dibenzodioxin/tetrachlo-
ro, Dibenzofurans.
PB87-233300/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Audits o<
State and Local Inspection/Maintenance Pro-
grams: Federal Fiscal Year 1986. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technical Support Staff.
J. M. Cabaniss, and J. A. Houk. Mar 87,16p EPA/AA/
TSS/IM-87/3
Presented at the Air Pollution Control Association Spe-
cialty Meeting held at Windsor, Ontario on March 24,
1987.
The paper reviews the results of EPA's Inspection/
Maintenance Program audits during Federal fiscal year
1986 (FY86). EPA performed eleven initial program
audits and eight follow-up audits during FY86. The
paper highlights design elements that have proven
successful in these programs, and discusses the appli-
cability of those design elements to other l/M pro-
grams. Also included is the progress that has been
made in resolving operating problems identified in
FY86 and earlier years.
Keywords: "Maintenance, "Inspection, "Motor vehi-
cles, "Exhaust emissions, State government, Local
government, Air pollution, "Air quality, Federal test
procedure, Automobile exhaust.
PB87-23331S/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Sampling and Analytical Methods Development
for Dry Deposition Monitoring. Final rept. Dec 83-
Mar 87,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. E. Sickles, W. A. McClenny, and R. J. Paur. Aug 87,
223p EPA/600/4-87/011
Contract EPA-68-02-4079
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Acid deposition is the transfer of acidic substances to
the earth's surface by wet or dry deposition. Dry depo-
sition includes all processes by which airborne con-
taminants are removed from the atmosphere at the
earth s surface, excluding those processes directly
aided by precipitation, and contributes substantially to
the acidic deposition burden. The U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) plans to implement a dry
deDosition monitoring network. The constitutents of in-
terest are HN03, N02, S02, NH3, NH4 + , N03-,
S04(2-) H + (acidity), and 03. The objective of the
current research is to investigate sampling and analy-
sis methods for these constituents to identify those
methods that appear most promising for network de-
ployment. The culmination of the current project is a
field Study conducted in the Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina between August and December of
1986. The main objectives of the study were to con-
duct measurements of selected airborne gaseous and
particulate acidifying species using different types of
samplers and to evaluate the differences observed
under field sampling conditions.
Keywords: "Air pollution monitors, Sampling, Deposi-
tion, Atmospheric chemistry, Toxic substances, Ana-
lytical methods, "Acid rain.
PB87-233748/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 107.1: Heptachlor.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 86, 9p EPA/540/FS-87/202
Supersedes PB87-155156.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, In-
secticides, Chlorine organic compounds, Pest control,
Termites, Formicidae, 'Toxic substances, "Hepta-
chlor, Path of pollutants, Chemical information fact
sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, CAS 76-44-8.
PB87-233755/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 139: Ethyleneth-
iourea (ETU).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jun87, 6p EPA/540/FS-87/212
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Fungicides, "Pesticides, Regulations,
"Ethylenethiourea, Imidazolidine thione, Thiocarba-
mates. Chemical Information Fact Sheet, Use pat-
terns, Science findings, CAS 96-45-7.
PB87-234332/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Summary of Indoor Air Quality Research Through
1984. Final rept. Jan-Jun 86,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. E. Sickles, R. L. Chessin, E. R. Kashdan, Y. Chrume,
and M. B. Ranade. Aug 87,214p* EPA/600/9-87/020
Contract EPA-68-02-3992
Supersedes PB84-206515. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report reviews indoor air quality research from
1980 through December 1984. It is also a compilation
of two documents that review relevant literature on the
subject and summarize the efforts of leading research
scientists. The first effort involved: (1) a review of jour-
nal articles, symposium presentations, and biblio-
graphic reports from 1980 through 1983; (2) a list of
contacts with approximately 30 prominent researchers
in the indoor air quality field; and (3) a list of significant
articles that appeared prior to 1980. The second effort
updated the initial literature review to January 1985.
Again, articles, symposium proceedings, and reports
were screened in developing the update report. The
vast majority of material found in the two reports,
'Review of Recent Research in Indoor Air Quality'
(EPA-600/2-84-099) and 'Update of Indoor Air Quality
Bibliography' (draft), has been retained in the docu-
ment. The report integrates the material from the two
reports, following the organization of the earlier.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Bibliographies,
"Radon, Reviews, Hazardous materials. Residential
buildings. Energy conservation, Heating systems, Ven-
tilation, Public health, Natural gas, "Indoor air pollu-
tion, "Air quality.
PB87-234506/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of the Two-Zone Wastewater Treat-
ment Process at Norrlstown, Pennsylvania. Final
rept. 11 Jul 80-28 Feb 83.
BCM Eastern, Inc., Plymouth Meeting, PA.
S. R. Weech, V. T. Stack, and G. Orton. Aug 87,347p
EPA/600/2-87/074
Prepared in cooperation with Smokey Stack, Inc.,
Cedars, PA., and Norristown Borough. PA. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Economic and practical considerations compel today's
designers to investigate alternatives to conventional
strategies for wastewater treatment systems. One
such alternative is the Two-Zone process, a novel acti-
vated sludge process which combines the aerobic bio-
logical reactor and the clarifier in one tank for retrofit
into existing plant tankage to increase capacity. A key
feature of the Two-Zone process is the oxygenation of
the recycled biomass with pure oxygen in an external
transfer device. A 1,893-cu m/min (0.5-mgd) demon-
stration of the Two-Zone process was conducted at
the Norristown Borough Municipal Wastewater Treat-
ment plant in Pennsylvania. Objectives of the demon-
stration were to gain an insight into the functional re-
quirements of the process and to test the system per-
formance at higher loadings than attempted in previ-
ous studies. A basic conclusion of the demonstration
was that the Two-Zone process functioned well by
achieving up to 92 percent BOD5 removals at relative-
ly low sludge ages (1 to 3 days) with average oxygen
consumption of about 0.5 kg/kg BOD5 removed.
Keywords: "Waste water, "Water treatment, "Waste
treatment, Activated sludge process, Sewage treat-
ment, Aerobic processes, Clarifiers, Oxygenation, Per-
formance tests, Municipal sludge,
Norristown(Pennsylvania).
PB87-234514/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Prevention Reference Manual: Chemical Specific.
Volume 6. Control of Accidental Releases of
Carbon Tetrachloride (SCAQMD) (South Coast Air
Quality Management District). Final rept. Nov 86-
May 87,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
D. S. Davis, G. B. DeWolf, and J. D. Quass. Aug 87
96p DCN-87-203-024-98-30, EPA/600/8-87/034F
Contract EPA-68-02-3889
See also PB87-231254. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The manual summarizes information that will aid In
identifying and controlling release hazards specific to
the South Coast Air Quality Management District
(SCAQMD) of southern California. The SCAQMD has
been considering a strategy for reducing the risk of a
major accidental air release of toxic chemicals. The
strategy, which will serve as a guide to industry and
communities, includes monitoring activities associated
with the storage, handling, and use of certain chemi-
cals. Carbon tetrachloride has an immediately danger-
ous to life and health (IDLH) concentration of 300 ppm
making it a moderate acute toxic hazard. To reduce
the risk associated with an accidental release of
carbon tetrachloride, the potential causes of releases
from processes using carbon tetrachloride in the
SCAQMD must be identified. Such measures include
recommendations on: plant design practices; preven-
tion, protection, and mitigation technologies; and oper-
ation and maintenance practices. Conceptual costs of
possible prevention, protection, and mitigation meas-
ures are estimated.
Keywords: "Carbon tetrachloride, Design, Manuals
Chlorine organic compounds, Prevention, Emissions!
Storage, Maintenance, "Toxic substances, "Air pollu-
tion control, "Accidental releases.
PB87-234S22/HSU	PC A0S/MF Aoi
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trianale
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab?
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Prevention Reference Manual: Chemical Specific.
Volume 7. Control of Accidental Releases of
Chloropicrin (SCAQMD) (South Coast Air Quality
Management District). Final rept. Sep 86-Apr 87,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
D. S. Davis, G. B. DeWolf, and J. D. Quass. Aug 87,
85p DCN-87-203-024-98-26, EPA/600/8-87/034G
Contract EPA-68-02-38B9
See also PB87-234514. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The manual summarizes technical information that will
assist in identifying and controlling chloropicrin-associ-
ated release hazards specific to the South Coast Air
Quality Management District (SCAQMD) of southern
California. The SCAQMD has been considering a strat-
egy for reducing the risk of a major accidental air re-
lease of toxic chemicals. The strategy includes moni-
toring the storage, handling, and use of certain chemi-
cals and providing guidance to industry and communi-
ties. Chloropicrin has an immediately dangerous to life
and health (IDLH) concentration of 1 ppm, making it a
substantial acute toxic hazard. To reduce the risks as-
sociated with an accidental release of chloropicrin,
some of the potential causes of accidental releases
that apply to processes that use chloropicrin in the
SCAQMD must be identified. Examples of potential
causes are identified, as are measures that may be
taken to reduce the accidental release risk. Such
measures include recommendations on-, plant design
practices; prevention, protection, and mitigation tech-
nologies; and operation and maintenance practices.
Conceptual costs of possible prevention, protection,
and mitigation measures are estimated.
Keywords: 'Chloropicrin, Manuals, Prevention, Chloro-
hydrocarbons, Emissions, Storage, Design, Mainte-
nance, *Air pollution control, CAS 76-06-2, "Acciden-
tal releases.
PB87-234S30/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Prevention Reference Manual: Chemical Specific.
Volume B. Control of Accidental Releases of Hy-
drogen Fluoride. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX,
D. S. Davis, G. B. DeWolf, and J. D. Quass. Aug 87,
148p DCN-87-203-023-94-13, EPA/600/8-87/034H
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
See also PB87-234522. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab
The report is a chemical specific manual for hydrogen
fluoride (HF). It summarizes information to aid regula-
tors and industry personnel in identifying and control-
ling release hazards associated with HF. Reducing the
risk associated with accidental release of HF involves
identifying some of the potential causes of accidental
releases that apply to the process facilities that handle
and store HF. It identifies examples of potential causes
and measures that may be taken to reduce the acci-
dental release risk. Such measures include recom-
mendations on plant design practices; prevention, pro-
tection, and mitigation technologies; and operation
and maintenance practices. Conceptual cost esti-
mates of example prevention, protection, and mitiga-
tion measures are provided. Interest in reducing the
probability and consequences of accidental toxic
chemical releases that might harm workers within a
process facility and people in the surrounding commu-
nity prompted the preparation of a series of technical
manuals addressing accidental releases of toxic
chemicals.
Keywords: 'Hydrogen fluoride, Manuals, Fluorides,
Emissions, Materials handling, Storage. Design, Main-
tenance, Cost estimates, 'Air pollution control, 'Acci-
dental releases.
PB87-234548/HSU	PC AQ4/MF A01
Heavy-Duty Engine Testing Report - Correlation
Tasting of Isuzu 5.79L/JAMA Engine. Technical
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
T. Baines. Jun 87, 54p" EPA/AA/SDSB-87/6
The report describes the results of testing an Isuzu
5 79 L heavy-duty engine at the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency Motor Vehicle Emission Laboratory. The
correlation between the heavy-duty test facilities of a
manufacturer and EPA is important in that relatively
new transient heavy-duty engine testing procedures
have been implemented. The testing was conducted
to provide such correlation data for comparison with
similar data developed by four Japanese Automobile
Manufacturers Association (JAMA) member compa-
nies. Included in the report are descriptions of the
engine, fuels, test procedures and test plans.
Keywords: 'Diesel engines, 'Emission, Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Tables(Data).
PB87-234753/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
Handbook: Stream Sampling for Waste Load Allo-
cation Applications,
Tetra Tech, Inc., Lafayette, CA.
W. B. Mills, G. L. Bowie, T. M. Grieb, K. M. Johnson,
and R. C. Whittemore. Sep 86,68p EPA/625/6-86/
013
Prepared in cooperation with National Council for Air
and Stream Improvement, Medford, MA., and Eastern
Research Group, Inc., Cambridge, MA. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
The report discusses sampling requirements in sup-
port of waste load allocation studies in rivers and
streams. Two approaches to waste load allocation are
addressed: the chemical-specific approach and the
whole effluent approach. Numerical or analytical toxi-
cant fate models are used to implement the chemical-
specific approach. Modeling requirements and sam-
pling guidelines are delineated for the method. For the
whole effluent approach, the method is first summa-
rized and then instream dye study requirements are
presented. The report concludes with example appli-
cations of the chemical-specific approach for conven-
tional and toxic pollutants.
Keywords: "Sampling, "Effluents, Handbooks, Rivers,
Streams, Models, 'Waste load allocation, "Water pol-
lution control.
PB87-234886/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Field Dlspersant Effectiveness Test,
Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc., Leonardo,
NJ.
A. Diaz. Aug 87, 51 p EPA/600/2-87/072
Contract EPA-68-03-3203
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The EPA's OHMSETT facility has developed a rapid
field test that includes some of the theoretical aspects
and conditions of dispersion at sea. This Field Dispers-
ant Effectiveness Test (FDET) has been used to evalu-
ate the dispersibility of various commonly-transported
oils and make a database for dlspersant selection and
application. The FDET is designed to generate droplet
sizes that closely resemble the dispersion of oil occur-
ring at sea. A fixed mixing intensity and time induces
the effects necessary to produce the dispersion and
reveal the effectiveness of the dispersant and dispersi-
bility of the oil. The measurement of the dispersibility of
various crude oils with several dispersants have been
incorporated into a database. This data will help the of-
ficials involved in the control of oil spills to make more
informed decisions about the use of dispersants.
Keywords: "Dispersing, "Oil wastes, "Field tests,
Tables(Data), Data Bases, Pollution, Hazardous
wastes, "Oil spills, "Ocean waste disposal, "Oil pollu-
tion removal.
PB87-234B28/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
National Surface Water Survey, Western Lake
Survey (Phase 1 • Synoptic Chemistry) Analytical
Methods Manual,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
H. B. Kerfoot, and M. L. Faber. Aug 87,105p* EPA/
600/8-87/038
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
See also PB87-214862. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The Analytical Methods Manual for the Western Lake
Survey - Phase I is a supplement to the Analytical
Methods Manual for the Eastern Lake Survey Phase I.
The supplement provides a general description of the
analytical methods that are used by the field laborato-
ries and by the analytical laboratories; a detailed de-
scription of the analytical methods appears in the Ana-
lytical Methods Manual for the Eastern Lake Survey -
Phase I. The supplement also describes new and
modified sample processing procedures that were de-
veloped specifically for the West. The Eastern Lake
Survey - Phase I and the Western Lake Survey - Phase
I are parts of the National Surface Water Survey. The
National Surface Water Survey component of the Na-
tional Acid Precipitation Assessment Program is de-
signed to evaluate the present water chemistry of
lakes and streams, to determine the status of certain
biotic resources, and to select regionally representa-
tive surface waters for a long-term monitoring program
that will study changes in aquatic resources.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, 'Water pollution,
'Lakes, "Streams, Surveys, Laboratories, Manuals,
Surface waters, Field tests, Sampling, Calibrating,
Acidity, Alkalinity, Aluminum, Chlorides, Inorganic ni-
trates, Phosphorus, Metals, Sulfates, Spectrochemical
analysis, Chromatographic analysis, Acid precipitation.
PB87-235016/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Tebuthluron as the Active In-
redient.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jul 87,125p EPA/540/RS-87/219
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of ail studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Herbicides, "Pesticides, Standards, Regu-
lations, Manufacturing, Chemistry, Toxicology, Resi-
dues. Ecology, "Tebutniuron, Path of pollutants.
PB87-23S578/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Health Advisories for 25 Oraanlcs (Including Ac-
rylamide, Benzene, Carbon Tetrachloride, Chloro-
benzene, Dlchlorobenzene(s), 1,2-Dichloroethane,
1,1 -Dlchloroethy lene, Cis-1,2-Dlchloroethy lene,
Trans-1,2-Dlchlorosthylene, Dlchloromethane, P-
Dloxane, Dloxin, Epichlorohydrin, Ethylbeneze,
Ethylene Glycol, Hexachlorobenezene, Hexane,
Methyl Ethyl Ketone, Styrene, Tetrachloroethy-
lene, Toluene, 1,1,1-Trichloroethane, Trichloroeth-
ylena, Vinyl Chloride, Xylenes) (RE-ANNOUNCE-
MENT of PB87-206306 - see notes field for expla-
nation).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Mar 87,399p
RE-ANNOUNCEMENT of PB87-206306 with complete
text and new pricing for paper copy.Portions of this
document are not fully legible.
These documents summarize the health effects of 25
organics including: acrylamide, benzene, carbon tetra-
chloride, chlorobenzene, dichiorobenzene(s), 1,2-dich-
loroethane, 1,1-dichloroethylene, cis-1,2-dichloroethy-
lene, trans-1,2,-dichloroethylene, dichloromethane, p-
dioxane, dioxin, epichlorohydrin, ethylbenzene, ethyl-
ene glycol, hexachlorobenzene, hexane, methyl ethyl
ketone, styrene, tetrachloroethylene, toluene, 1,1,1-
trichloroethane, tirchloroethylene, vinyl chloride, xy-
lenes. Topics discussed include: General Information
and Properties, Pharmacokinetics, Health Effects in
Humans and Animals, Quantification of Toxicological
Effects, Other Criteria Guidance and Standards, Ana-
lytical Methods and Treatment Technologies.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Potable water,
"Toxicolpgy, "Water pollution, Physical properties, Re-
action kinetics, Chemical properties, Water quality,
Toxicology, Criteria, Standards, Pharmacokinetics,
Drinking water, Analytical methods. Health Advisory
program.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB87-235586/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Health Advisories for Legionella and 7 Inorganics
(Including Barium, Cadmium, Chromium, Cyanide,
Mercury, Nickel/Nitrite) (RE-ANNOUNCEMENT of
PB87-205613 - see notes field for explanation).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Mar 87,126p
RE-ANNOUNCEMENT of PB87-205613 with complete
text and new pricing for paper copy.Portions of this
document are not fully legible.
The document summarizes the health effects of Le-
gionella and seven inorganics including: barium, cad-
mium, chromium, cyanide, mercury, nicker and nitrate/
nitrite. Topics discussed include: general information
and properties, pharmacokinetics, health effects in
humans and animals, quantification of toxicological ef-
fects, other criteria guidance and standards, analytical
methods and treatment technologies.
Keywords: 'Potable water, "Inorganic compounds,
"Water pollution, Barium, Cadmium, Chromium, Cya-
nide, Mercury, Nickel, Nitrate, Nitrite, Toxicology, Crite-
ria, Standards, Bacteria, 'Legionella, Heatlh effects,
Health Advisory program, Pharmacokinetics, Analyti-
cal methds.
PB87-904200/HSU	Subscription
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Publica-
tions Bibliography Quarterly Abstract Bulletin.
Quarterly repts.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Administration.
1987,4 issues
Supersedes PB86-904200.
Paper copy available on subscription, North American
Continent price $80.00/year; all others write for quote.
Single copies also available in paper or microfiche.
EPA Publications Bibliography is a quarterly abstract
bulletin containing the abstracts, corporate source,
subject, contract number and title indexes. The fourth
issue of the year contains bibliographic citations with
abstracts for the proceeding quarter and cumulative in-
dexes for the calendar year.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, "Air pollution, 'Water pol-
lution, Abstracts, Subject indexing, Authors, Technical
reports, Regulations, Standards, Waste disposal,
Public health. Exhaust emissions, Radiation, Pesti-
cides, Oil pollution, 'Environmental protection, Air
quality maintenance, Air pollution effects(Animals), Air
pollution effects(Humans), Air pollution effects(Plants),
Air pollution effects(Materials).
PB87-911600/HSU	Subscription
Pesticide Compact Label File Update.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1987,1 issue
Supersedes PB85-911600.
Microfiche available on subscription, North American
Continent price $45.00; all others write for quote. Basic
set available as PB87-911699.
Photographs of updated and new pesticide labels plus
updated index to the entire compact label file. Con-
tains a collection of information on registered pesticide
labels. Information includes active ingredients and per-
centages of same; common name of active chemicals,
sites and pests for usage, dosage and safety informa-
tion. The subscription update service provides a cur-
rent update yearly to the manual.
Keywords: 'Documentation, 'Pesticides, Microfilm,
Labels, Information retrieval, Indexes(Documentation),
Photographs.
PB87-911699/HSU	MF $400.00
Pesticide Compact Label File.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1985, 1p EPA/540/9-87/131
Supersedes PB84-911699. Updates available on sub-
scription as PB87-911600.
Microfiche copies only.
Photographs of pesticide labels plus updated index to
the entire compact label file. The 1987 file contains
3071 plus the index. The basic manual is available in
microfiche which contains a collection of information
on registered pesticide labels. Information includes
878 Vol. 90, No. 24
active ingredients and percentages of same; common
name of active chemicals, sites and pests for usage,
dosage and safety information. The subscription
update service provides current updates to the
manual.
Keywords: 'Documentation, 'Pesticides, Microfilm,
Labels, Information retrieval, Indexes(Documentation),
Photographs.
PB88-100052/HSU	PC E99
Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM)
Study.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Acid Deposition, Environmental Monitoring,
and Quality Assurance.
Jun 87, 2302p-in 4v*
Set includes PB88-100060 through PB88-100094.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Public health, "Air pollution, 'Water pollu-
tion, 'Industrial wastes, 'Exhaust emissions, Expo-
sure, Sampling, Measuring instruments, 'TEAM study,
"Toxic substances, Volatile organic compounds, 'Path
of pollutants, Air sampling.
PB88-100060/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM)
Study: Summary and Analysis. Volume 1,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Acid Deposition, Environmental Monitoring,
and Quality Assurance.
L. A. Wallace. Jun 87,209p" EPA/600/6-87/002A
See also Volume 2, PB88-100078.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB88-
100052.
The TEAM Study measured exposures to 20-25 vola-
tile organic compounds in the air, drinking water, and
exhaled breath of 650 persons in 4 states. Volume I is
a summary and overview of the entire study. Volume II
deals with studies in New Jersey, North Carolina, and
North Dakota. Volume III deals with studies in Califor-
nia. Volume IV presents the Standard Operations Pro-
cedures employed in the study. Major findings include:
(1) personal monitors and breath spirometers employ-
ing Tenax adsorbents are sensitive and adequately
precise instruments to determine normal daily expo-
sures of the general public; (2) personal and indoor ex-
posures generally exceeded outdoor concentrations;
(3) major sources of exposure include occupations,
smoking, visiting dry cleaners, and filling gas tanks.
Keywords: 'Public health, 'Air pollution, "Water pollu-
tion, 'Industrial wastes, "Exhaust emissions, Expo-
sure, Sampling, Measuring instruments, 'TEAM study,
'Toxic substances, Volatile organic compounds, "Path
of pollutants, Air sampling.
PB88-100078/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Acid Deposition, Environmental Monitoring,
and Quality Assurance.
Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM)
Study: Elizabeth and Bayonne, New Jersey, Devils
Lake, North Dakota and Greensboro, North Caroli-
na. Volume 2, Parts 1 and 2. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
E. D. Pellizzari, K. Perritt, T. D. Hartwell, L, C. Michael,
and C. M. Sparacino. Jun 87,899p* EPA/600/8-87/
002B
See also Volume 1, PB88-100060, and Volume 3,
PB88-100086. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Acid Deposi-
tion, Environmental Monitoring, and Quality Assur-
ance.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB88-
100052.
The TEAM Study measured exposures to 20-25 vola-
tile organic compounds in the air, drinking water, and
exhaled breath of 650 persons in 4 states. Volume I is
a summary and overview of the entire study. Volume II
deals with studies in New Jersey, North Carolina, and
North Dakota. Volume III deals with studies in Califor-
nia. Volume IV presents the Standard Operations Pro-
cedures employed in the study. Major findings include:
(1) personal monitors and breath spirometers employ-
ing Tenax adsorbents are sensitive and adequately
precise instruments to determine normal daily expo-
sures of the general public; (2) personal and indoor ex-
posures generally exceeded outdoor concentrations;
(3) major sources of exposure Include occupations,
smoking, visiting dry cleaners, and filling gas tanks.
Keywords: 'Public health, 'Air pollution, "Water pollu-
tion, "Industrial wastes, "Exhaust emissions, Expo-
sure, Sampling, Measuring instruments, "TEAM study,
"Toxic substances, Volatile organic compounds, "Path
of pollutants. Air sampling.
PB88-100086/HSU	PC A22/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Acid Deposition, Environmental Monitoring,
and Quality Assurance.
Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM)
Study: Selected communities in Northern and
Southern California. Volume 3. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
E. D. Pellizzari, K. Perritt, T. D. Hartwell, L. C. Michael,
and R. Whitmore. Jun 87, 523p* RTI/2391/00-03F
EPA/600/6-87/002C
See also Volume 2, PB88-100078, and Volume 4,
PB88-100094. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Acid Deposi-
tion, Environmental Monitoring, and Quality Assur-
ance.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99 PB88-
100052.
The TEAM Study measured exposures to 20-25 vola-
tile organic compounds in the air, drinking water, and
exhaled breath of 650 persons in 4 states. Volume I is
a summary and overview of the entire study. Volume II
deals with studies in New Jersey, North Carolina, and
North Dakota. Volume III deals with studies in Califor-
nia. Volume IV presents the Standard Operations Pro-
cedures employed in the study. Major findings include:
(1) personal monitors and breath spirometers employ-
ing Tenax adsorbents are sensitive and adequately
precise instruments to determine normal daily expo-
sures of the general public; (2) personal and indoor ex-
posures generally exceeded outdoor concentrations;
(3) major sources of exposure include occupations,
smoking, visiting dry cleaners, and filling gas tanks.
Keywords: "Public health, "Air pollution, "Water pollu-
tion, "Industrial wastes, "Exhaust emissions, Califor-
nia, Exposure, Sampling, Measuring instruments,
"TEAM study, "Toxic substances, Volatile organic
compounds, "Path of pollutants, Air sampling.
PB88-100094/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Acid Deposition, Environmental Monitoring,
and Quality Assurance.
Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM)
Study: Standard Operating Procedures Employed
in Support of an Exposure Assessment Study.
Volume 4,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. W. Handy, D. J. Smith, N. P. Castillo, C. M.
Sparacino, and K. Thomas. Jun 87,671 p* EPA/600/
6-87/002D
See also Volume 3, PB88-100086. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office
of Acid Deposition, Environmental Monitoring, and
Quality Assurance.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB88-
100052.
The TEAM Study measured exposures to 20-25 vola-
tile organic compounds in the air, drinking water, and
exhaled breath of 650 persons in 4 states. Volume I is
a summary and overview of the entire study. Volume II
deals with studies in New Jersey, North Carolina, and
North Dakota. Volume III deals with studies in Califor-
nia. Volume IV presents the Standard Operations Pro-
cedures employed in the study. Major findings include'
(1) personal monitors and breath spirometers employ-
ing Tenax adsorbents are sensitive and adequately
precise instruments to determine normal daily expo-
sures of the general public; (2) personal and indoor ex-
posures generally exceeded outdoor concentrations:
(3) major sources of exposure include occupations
smoking, visiting dry cleaners, and filling gas tanks. '
Keywords: "Public health, "Air pollution, 'Water pollu-
tion, "Industrial wastes, "Exhaust emissions, Expo-
sure, Sampling, Measuring instruments, "TEAM studv
"Toxic substances, Volatile organic compounds, "Path
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-100102/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Risk Assessment, Management, Communication:
A Guide to Selected Sources. Second Update. In-
formation guide.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Information Management and Services Div.
Aug 87,61 p* EPA/IMSD-87/002B
See also PB87-203402.
This second quarterly update to Risk Assessment,
Management, Communication: A Guide to Selected
Sources contains references gathered from the follow-
ing databases: Toxline, Conference Papers Index, EN-
VIROLINE, National Technical Information Service
(NTIS), Public Affairs Information Service (PAIS), ABI
Inform, and Legal Resource Index. They cover the
period from January through June 1987. The risk
update series is subdivided into three major sections:
Assessment, Management, and Communication.
Keywords: "Risk assessment, "Toxic materials, 'Haz-
ardous materials, "Pollutants, Chemical compounds,
Industrial wastes, Health hazards, Carcinogens, Toxic-
ity, Aerosols, Radioactive materials, Occupational
safety and health.
PB88-100342/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Rubber Tire Manufacturing Industry - Background
Information for Promulgated Standards. Environ-
mental impact statement (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sep 87, 51 p EPA/450/3-81 /008B
See also PB83-163543.
Standards of performance for the control of volatile or-
ganic compounds (VOC) emissions from rubber tire
manufacturing facilities are being promulgated under
Section 111 of the Clean Air Act. These standards will
apply to newly constructed, modified, or reconstructed
facilities in rubber tire manufacturing plants. The docu-
ment summarizes the public comments received on
the proposed standards and the Agency's responses
to those comments. The document also summarizes
the changes made to the standards since proposal.
Keywords: "Tires, "Rubber industry, "Air pollution con-
trol, Standards, Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Economic impact, Revisions, Manufacturing,
Process charting, 'Volatile organic compounds.
PB88-1003S9/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Guideline on Exceptions to Data Requirements
for Determining Attainment of Particulate Matter
Standards,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
A K. Pollack, and A. D. Thrall. Apr 87, 23p EPA/450/
4-87/005
Contracts EPA-68-02-3848, EPA-68-02-4335
See also PB86-245248. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The guideline document describes procedures that
can be used to demonstrate attainment of the particu-
late matter standards for those sites that do not satisfy
the minimum data requirements. In order to apply
these procedures, minimum quarterly data require-
ments must be met. The procedures involve the substi-
tution of appropriate data for the missing samples; col-
located TSP can be substituted for missing PM 10
samples, and substitutions from available monitoring
data are also allowed. Under certain conditions,
model-derived estimates of annual means and number
of exceedances may also be used. Four examples
demonstrate the use of the procedures under various
scenarios.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Mathematical models, At-
mospheric models, Atmospheric diffusion, Standards,
Data collection, "Air quality.
PB88-100367/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Characterization of HRGC/MS Unidentified Peaks
from the Analysis of Human Adipose Tissue.
Volume 1. Technical Approach. Final rept. Jan 86-
Jan 87,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City. MO.
J. D. Onstot, R. E. Ayling, and J. S. Stanley. 30 Jun 87,
68p EPA/560/5-87/002A
Contract EPA-68-02-4252
See also volume 2. PB88-100375. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office
of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
The National Human Adipose Tissue Survey (NHATS),
administered by EPA's Office of Toxic Substances
(OTS), is an ongoing chemical monitoring network de-
signed to detect levels and prevalences of toxic sub-
stances in the adipose tissue of the general U.S. popu-
lation. Adipose specimens collected in fiscal year 1982
were analyzed as composites for volatile and semivo-
latile organic compounds via High resolution gas chro-
matography/mass spectrometry (HRGC/MS) as part
of a previous effort. The data files were then proc-
essed using a method developed to automatically
identify unknown HRGC/MS peaks. The method con-
sisted of automatic identification of unknown spectra
via comparisons to reference mass spectra, transfer of
the results of the identification step to a microcomput-
er, compilation of the data into a spreadsheet program
and generation of compound identification tables from
the spreadsheet. Application of the method to the adi-
pose data resulted in the identification of volatile com-
pounds from 18 separate chemical classes and semi-
volatiles from 29 chemical classes. Compound classes
included saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, al-
dehydes, ketones, steroids, heterocyclic compounds,
drugs, aliphatic and phthalate esters, phenols, halo-
carbons, and methyl-substituted organosiloxanes.
Keywords: "Exposure, "Organic compounds, "Toxici-
, Connective tissue, Chemical analysis, Sampling,
as chromatography, Mass spectroscopy, Data col-
lection, Computer applications, Tables(Data), "Nation-
al Human Adipose Tissue Survey, Adipose tissue.
PB88-10037S/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Characterization of HRGC/MS Unidentified Peaks
from the Analysis of Human Adipose Tissue.
Volume 2. Appendices. Final rept. Jan 86-Jan 87,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
J. D. Onstot, R. E. Ayling, and J. S. Stanley. 30 Jun 87,
98p EPA/560/5-87/002B
Contract EPA-68-02-4252
See also volume 1, PB88-100367. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office
of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
The National Human Adipose Tissue Survey (NHATS),
administered by EPA's Office of Toxic Substances
(OTS), is an ongoing chemical monitoring network de-
signed to detect levels and prevalences of toxic sub-
stances in the adipose tissue of the general U.S. popu-
lation. Adipose specimens collected in fiscal year 1982
were analyzed as composites for volatile and samivo-
latile organic compounds via (High Resolution Gas
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry) as part of a pre-
vious effort. The data files were then processed using
a method developed to automatically identify unknown
HRGC/PS peaks. The method consisted of automatic
identification of unknown spectra via comparisons to
reference mass spectra, transfer of the results of the
identification step to a microcomputer, compilation of
the data into a spreadsheet program and generation of
compond identification tables from the spreadsheet.
Application of the method to the adipose data resulted
in the identification of volatile compounds from 18 sep-
arate chemical classes and semivolatiles from 29
chemical classes. Compound classes included satu-
rated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ke-
tones, steroids, heterocyclic compounds, drugs, ali-
phatic and phthalate esters, phenols, halocarbons,
and methyl-substituted organosiloxanes.
Keywords: "Exposure, "Organic compounds, "Toxici-
ty, Connective tissue, Chemical analysis, Sampling,
Gas chromatography, Mass spectroscopy, Data col-
lection, Computer applications, Tables(Data), 'Nation-
al Human Adipose Tissue Survey, Adipose tissue.
PB88-100516/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Heavy-Duty Engine Testing Report. Correlation
Testing of Mack EM G-285. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
T. M. Baines. Jan 87,40p EPA/AA/SDSB-87/2
The report examines the results of testing the Mack
EM G-285 heavy-duty engine at the Environmental
Protection Agency Motor Vehicle Emission Laboratory.
This heavy-duty engine was tested for the purpose of
providing correlation data for the comparison with simi-
lar data developed by Mack Laboratory. The engine,
fuels, test procedures, and test plans are also dis-
cussed in the report.
Keywords: "Exhaust emissions, "Diesel engines, "Air
pollution, Diesel fuels, Motor vehicle engines, Environ-
mental tests, Performance tests, Tables(Data), "Air
pollution sampling, "Particulate sampling, Heavy duty
vehicles.
PB88-101050/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Guidelines for the Determination of Halogenated
Dlbenzo-p-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans in Commer-
cial Products. Final rept. Mar 85-Jul 86,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
D. H. Steele, and J. S. Stanley. 19 Jun 87,126p MRI-
8833-A01, EPA/560/5-87/007
Contract EPA-68-02-4252
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Pesticides and Toxic Sub-
stances.
The determination of halogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins
(HDDs) and dibenzofurans (HDFs) in commercial prod-
ucts require specific and sensitive analytical proce-
dures. The development of methods for the measure-
ment of HDD and HDF in commercial products is com-
plicated by the diverse range of matrices, the potential-
ly large number of halogenated (specifically chloro,
bromo, or bromo/chloro) HDD and HDF congeners
and potential interference due to major components of
the product matrices. The report provides: (1) a review
of the literature pertaining to commercial product anal-
yses for HDDs and HDFs; (2) detail on the total
number of bromo, chloro, and bromo/chloro HDDs
and HDFs; (3) a tentative scheme for the analysis of
HDDs and HDFs in diverse matrices; and (4) guide-
lines for the high resolution gas chromatography/
mass spectrometry or electron capture detector analy-
sis of commercial products for HDDs and HDFs. The
guidelines specify a rigorous OA/QC program for the
analysis of the commercial products.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, Guidelines, Mass
spectroscopy, Halogen compounds, Furans, Chroma-
tography, Sampling, Toxicology, "Toxic substances,
HDDS(Halogenated	dibenzo-p-dioxins),
HDFs(Halogenated dibenzofurans).
PB88-101088/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effect of Sampling Technique on the Measure-
ment of Gasoline Volatility. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Testing Programs Branch.
C. A. Scarbro, and J. T. White. Jul 87,18p EPA/AA/
EOD/TPB-87/1
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is propos-
ing the adoption of regulations which would reduce the
amount of hydrocarbons released to the atmosphere
due to evaporation of gasoline. One regulatory alterna-
tive under consideration is to put an upper limit on vol-
atility. Volatility is typically quantified by measurement
of Reid vapor pressure. The purpose of the report was
to identify and quantify any differences in vapor pres-
sure caused by the technique used to obtain the
sample. The objective of the effort is identify and docu-
ment a fast, inexpensive, and reliable method to obtain
enforcement-quality samples at service station-type
facilities. The report examines the effect of four sam-
pling techniques and two methods of analysis on three
types of fuels.
Keywords: "Hydrocarbons, "Gasoline, "Exhaust emis-
sions, Volatility, Sampling, Air pollution, Regulations,
Measurement, Vapor pressure.
PB88-101128/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistratlon of Pesticide
Products Containing Pentachloronitrobenzene
(PCNB) as the Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jan 87,196p* EPA/540/RS-87/220
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Regulations, Man-
ufacturing, Chemistry, Toxicology, Residues, Ecology,
"Pentachloronitrobenzene, Benzene/hexachloro,
"Benze/nitro-pentachloro, 'Registration, Path of pol-
lutants, 'Toxic substances, CAS 82-68-8.
PB88-101142/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
National Dioxin Study Tier 4 - Combustion
Sources: Final Test Report - Site 6, Wire Reclama-
tion Incinerator WRI-A,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
L. E. Keller, J. R. McReynolds, and D. J. Benson. Apr
87, 211p RAD-87-222-109-02-22, EPA/450/4-84/
0140
Contract EPA-68-03-3148
See also PB88-101159, and PB86-232857. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
The report summarizes the results of a dioxin/furan
emissions test of a wire reclamation incinerator
equipped with an afterburner for hydrocarbon emis-
sions control. The wire reclamation incinerator is used
for recovery of copper from coated copper wire and
drained transformer cores. The test was the sixth in a
series of several dioxin/furan emissions tests conduct-
ed under Tier 4 of the National Dioxin Study. The pri-
mary objective of Tier 4 is to determine if various com-
bustion sources are sources of dioxin and/or furan
emissions. If any of the combustion sources are found
to emit dioxin or furan, the secondary objective of Tier
4 is to quantify these emissions. Wire reclamation in-
cinerators are one of 8 combustion source categories
that have been tested in the Tier 4 program. The
tested incinerator, hereafter referred to as incinerator
WRI-A, was selected for the test after an initial infor-
mation screening and a one-day pretest survey visit.
Incinerator WRI-A is considered representative of the
wire reclamation incinerator population in the United
States. Data presented in the report include dioxin
(tetra through octa homologue + 2378 TCDD) and
furan (tetra through octa homologue + 2378 TCDF)
results for both stack samples and ash samples. In ad-
dition, process data collected during sampling are also
presented.
Keywords: * Air pollution, 'Combustion products, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Fly ash, Flue gases, Re-
views, Pesticides, "Stationary sources, 'Emission fac-
tors, "Dioxins, 'Air pollution sampling, Dibenzodioxin/
tetrachloro, Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated dibenzo-
dioxins, Wire reclamation incinerators.
PB88-101159/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
National Dioxin Study Tier 4 - Combustion
Sources: Final Test Report - Site 77, Wood Fired
Boiler WFB-A,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
L. E. Keller, M. H. Keating, ana C. L. Jamgochian. Apr
87, 298p RAD-87-222-109-02-23, EPA/450/4-84/
014P
Contract EPA-68-03-3148
See also PB88-101142, and PB88-101167.Portionsof
this document are not fully legible. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The report summarizes the results of a dioxin/furan
emissions test of a wood-fired boiler equipped with a
fabric filter system for particulate emissions control.
The boiler combusts a combination of bark, hogged
wood, sawdust, and green and dry planar shavings.
The test is the seventh in a series of emission tests
conducted under Tier 4 of the National Dioxin Study.
The primary objective of tier 4 is to determine if various
combustion devices are sources of dioxin and/or furan
emissions. If any of the combustion sources are found
to emit dioxin or furan, the secondary objective of Tier
4 is to quantify these emissions. Wood-fired boilers are
one of eight combustion device categories that nave
been tested in the Tier 4 program. The tested boiler,
hereafter referred to as Boiler WFB-A, was selected
for this test after an initial information screening and a
1 -day pretest survey. The logs which are processed at
the plant are stored in a salt water body adjacent to the
plant. Thus, the feed to Boiler WFB-A has a higher in-
organic chloride content than the feed to most wood-
fired boilers. Boiler WFB-A is considered representa-
tive of those wood-fired boilers in the United States
firing salt-laden wood. Data presented in the report in-
clude dioxin (tetra through octa homologue +2378
TCDD) and furan (tetra through octa homologue
+2378 TCDF) results for both stack samples and ash
samples. In addition, process data collected during
sampling are also presented.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Combustion products, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Fly ash, Flue gases, Re-
views, Pesticides, 'Stationary sources, "Emission fac-
tors, 'Dioxins, "Air pollution sampling, Dibenzodioxin/
tetrachloro, Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated dibenzo-
dioxins, Wood fired boilers.
PB88-101167/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
National Dioxin Study Tier 4 - Combustion
Sources: Final Test Report - Site 8, Black Liquor
Boiler BLB-C,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
C. L. Jamgochian, and L. E. Keller. Apr 87,202p RAD-
87-222-109-02-24, EPA/450/4-84/014Q
Contract EPA-68-03-3148
See also PB88-101159, and PB88-101175. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
The report summarizes the results of a dioxin/furan
emissions test of a black liquor recovery boiler
equipped with a drybottom electrostatic precipitator for
particulate emissions control. Black liquor recovery
boilers are used at kraft pulp mills to produce process
steam and to reclaim inorganic chemicals from spent
wood pulping liquors. The dioxin/furan emissions test
was conducted under Tier 4 of the National Dioxin
Study. The primary objective of Tier 4 is to determine if
various combustion sources are sources of dioxin
and/or furan emissions. If any of the combustion
sources are found to emit dioxin or furan, the second-
ary objective of Tier 4 is to quantify these emissions.
Black liquor recovery boilers are one of 8 combustion
source categories that have been tested in the Tier 4
program. The tested black liquor boiler, hereafter re-
ferred to as boiler BLB-C, was selected for the test
after an initial information screening and a one-day
pretest survey visit. Boiler BLB-C Is considered repre-
sentative of black liquor recovery boilers with dry
bottom electrostatic precipitators. The amount of chlo-
ride present in the black liquor circuit at this site is con-
sidered intermediate to high relative to that found at
other kraft pulp mills. Data presented in the report in-
clude dioxin (tetra through octa homologue +2378
TCDD) and furan (tetra through octa homologue
+2370 TCDF) results for both stack samples and ash
samples. In addition, process data collected during
sampling are also presented.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Combustion products, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Fly ash, Flue gases, Re-
views, Pesticides, 'Stationary sources, "Emission fac-
tors, 'Dioxins, 'Air pollution sampling, Dibenzodioxin/
tetrachloro, Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated dibenzo-
dioxins, Black liquor boilers.
PB88-101175/HSU	PC A12
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
National Dioxin Study Tier 4 - Combustion
Sources: Final Test Report • Site 9, Carbon Re-
generation Furnace CRF-A,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
C. L. Jamgochian, L. E. Keller, and W. Kelly. Apr 87,
271p RAD-87-231-056-12-43, EPA/450/4-84/014R
Contract EPA-68-02-3850
See also PB88-101167, and PB88-101183.Portions of
this document are not fully legible. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The Environmental Protection Agency is assessing the
potential for the emissions of dioxin/furans from com-
bustion sources under Tier 4 of the National Dioxin
Study. If any of the combustion sources are found to
emit dioxins, the secondary purpose of the Tier 4 study
is to quantify these emissions and, if possible, related
the emissions to combustion parameters. Carbon re-
generation furnaces are 1 of 8 source categories that
have been included in the field test program. Carbon
regeneration furnaces reactive spent carbon from in-
dustrial or municipal water treatment facilities. The
spent carbon may contain absorbed chlorinated com-
pounds. The report presents the results of an emission
test program conducted by Radian during May 28-31,
1985, at an industrial carbon regeneration furnace
designated as Site CRF-A. The furnace was selected
after an initial information screening and a pretest
survey visit. The facility is considered representative of
other carbon regeneration furnaces in the United
States. Furnace CRF-A regenerates spent carbon
from more than 20 plants that use activated carbon for
industrial wastewater treatment. Data presented in the
report include dioxin (tetra through octa homologue
+ 2378 TCDF) and furan (tetra through octa homo-
logue + 2378 TCDF) results for both stack samples
and ash samples. In addition, process data collected
during sampling are also presented.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Combustion products, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Fly ash. Flue gases, Re-
views, Pesticides, "Stationary sources, "Emission fac-
tors, "Dioxins, "Air pollution sampling, Dibenzodioxin/
tetrachloro, Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated dibenzo-
dioxins, Carbon regeneration furnace.
PB88-101183/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
National Dioxin Study Tier 4 - Combustion
Sources: Final Test Report - Site 10, Secondary
Copper Recovery Cupola Furnace MET-A,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
L. E. Keller, J. R. McReynolds, and D. J. Benson. Apr
87,181 p RAD-87-231 -056-12-44, EPA/450/4-84/
014S
Contract EPA-68-03-3148
See also PB88-101175, and PB88-101191. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
The report summarizes the results of a dioxin/furan
emissions test of a secondary copper recovery cupola
furnace equipped with an afterburner for hydrocarbon
emissions control and two baghouses for particulate
emissions control. The cupola furnace is used for re-
covery of copper from telephone scrap and other
copper-bearing materials. The test was the 10 in a
series of dioxin/furan emissions tests conducted
under Tier 4 of the National Dioxin Study. The primary
objective of Tier 4 is to determine if various combus-
tion sources are sources of dioxin/or furan emissions.
If any of the combustion sources are found to emit
dioxin or furan, the secondary objective of Tier 4 is to
quantify these emissions. Secondary copper recovery
cupola furnaces are one of 8 combustion source cate-
gories that have been tested in the Tier 4 program. The
tested cupola furnace, hereafter referred to as cupola
furnace MET-A, was selected for the test after an initial
information screening and a one-day pretest survey
visit. Cupola furnace MET-A is a large secondary
copper recovery cupola furnace relative to others in
the United States. The furnace feed includes plastic-
bearing materials of various types, some of which may
contain chlorinated organic compounds. Data present-
ed in the report include dioxin (tera through octa homo-
logue + 2378 TCDD) and furan (tetra through octa
homologue +2378 TCDF) results for both stack sam-
ples and ash samples. In addition, process data col-
lected during sampling are also presented.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Combustion products, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Fly ash, Flue gases, Re-
views, Pesticides, "Stationary sources, "Emission fac-
tors, "Dioxins, "Air pollution sampling, Dibenzodioxin/
tetrachloro, Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated dibenzo-
dioxins, Secondary copper recovery cupola furnace.
PB88-101191/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
National Dioxin Study Tier 4 - Combustion
Sources: Final Test Report - Site 11, Drum and
Barrel Reclamation Furnace DBR-A,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. R. Knisley, W. E. Kelly, and L E. Keller. Apr 87.
190p RAD-87-231 -056-12-47, EPA/450/4-84/014T
Contract EPA-68-03-3148
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
See also PB88-101183, and PB88-101209 Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
The report summarizes the results of a dioxin/furan
emissions test of a drum and barrel reconditioning fur-
nace equipped with an afterburner for emissions con-
trol. Steel drums are reconditioned by combusting the
drum contents (residual material) in a tunnel furnace.
The test was the 11 th in a series of emission tests con-
ducted under Tier 4 of the National Dioxin Study. The
primary objective of Tier 4 is to determine if various
combustion devices are sources of dioxin and/or furan
emissions. If any of the combustion sources are found
to emit dioxin or furan, the secondary objective of Tier
4 is to quantify these emissions. Drum reconditioning
furnaces are one of 8 combustion device categories
that have been tested in the Tier 4 program. The
tested furnace, hereafter referred to as furnace DBR-
A, was selected for the test after an initial information
screening and a one-day pretest survey. The drums
which are processed at the plant are received from a
number of different sources, thus the combustible ma-
terial burned in the furnace is heterogeneous. Furnace
DBR-A is considered representative of other drum re-
conditioning furnaces operating in the United States.
Data presented in the report include dioxin (tetra
through octa homologue +2378 TCDD) and furan
(tetra through octa homologue +2378 TCDF) results
for both stack samples and ash samples. In addition,
process data collected during sampling are also pre-
sented.
Keywords: * Air pollution, 'Combustion products, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Fly ash, Flue gases, Re-
views, Pesticides, "Stationary sources, "Emission fac-
tors, "Dioxins, * Air pollution sampling, Dibenzodioxin/
tetrachloro, Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated dibenzo-
dioxins, Reclamation furnaces.
PB88-101209/HSU	PC A07
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air QualityPlanning and Standards.
National Dioxin Study Tier 4 • Combustion
Sources: Final Test Report - Site 12, Sewage
Sludge Incinerator SSI-C,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. A. Palazzolo, D. B. Bath, C. L. Jamgochian, and D.
D. Benson. Apr 87,143p RAD-87-231 -056-12-48,
EPA/450/4-84/014U
Contract EPA-68-03-3148
See also PB88-101191, and PB88-101217.Portions of
this document are not fully legible. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The draft report summarizes the results of a dioxin/
furan emissions test of a sewage sludge incinerator
equipped with a wet scrubber system for particulate
emissions control. The test was the 12th in a series of
thirteen dioxin/furan emissions tests being conducted
under Tier 4 of the National Dioxin Study. The primary
objective of Tier 4 is to determine if various combus-
tion sources emit dioxins or furans. The secondary ob-
jective of Tier 4 is to quantify these emissions. Sewage
sludge incinerators are one of eight combustion device
categories that have been tested in the Tier 4 program.
The tested sewage sludge incinerator, hereafter re-
ferred to as incinerator SSI-C, was selected for the test
after an initial information screening and a one-day
pretest survey visit. Data presented in the report in-
clude dioxin (tetra through octa homologue + 2378
TCDD) and furan (tetra through octa homologue
+2378 TCDF) results for both stack samples and ash
samples. In addition, process data collected during
sampling are also presented.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Combustion products, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Fly ash. Flue gases, Re-
views, Pesticides, 'Stationary sources, "Emission fac-
tors, "Dioxins, 'Air pollution sampling, Dibenzodioxin/
tetrachloro, Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated dibenzo-
dioxins, Sewage sludge incinerators.
PBM-101217/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
National Dioxin Study Tier 4 - Combustion
Sources: Final Test Report - Site 13, Residential
Wood Stove WS-A,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M W. Hartman, D. J. Benson, and L. E. Keller. Apr 87,
67p RAD-87-222-109-02-25, EPA/450/4-84/014V
Contract EPA-68-03-3148
See also PB88-101209. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The report summarizes the results of a dioxin/furan
emission test of a residential woodstove conducted by
Radian Corporation. The stove is a freestanding non-
catalytic model manufactured by Atlanta Stove Works
and offered for sale in the Sear Catalog
(S42G84156N). During testing oak and pine were
burned at low burn rates, which is representative of
normal residential use. The test was the 13th in a
series of dioxin/furan emissions tests conducted
under Tier 4 of the National Dioxin Study. The primary
objective is to determine if various combustion sources
are sources of dioxin and/or furan emissions. If any of
the combustion sources are found to emit dioxin or
furan, the secondary objective of Tier 4 is to quantify
these emissions. Residential woodstoves are among 8
combustion source categories that have been tested
in the Tier 4 program. The tested woodstove, hereafter
referred to as Woodstove WS-A, is a test unit located
at an EPA contractor facility. This stove was selected
for inclusion in the Tier 4 program due to its location in
the RTP area and because simultaneous testing of the
stove was already being conducted for another EPA
program (Integrated Air Cancer Project). The wood-
stove tested is considered representative of wood-
stoves built in the last 5 to 10 years. No dioxin/furan
stack data were obtained from the source. Labelled in-
ternal standards used to determine analytical recovery
efficiency were not detected because of the very high
levels of hydrocarbons present in the stack gas.
Dioxin/furan ash data are presented.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Combustion products, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Fly ash, Flue gases, Re-
views, Pesticides, "Stationary sources, "Emission fac-
tors, "Dioxins, "Air pollution sampling, Dibenzodioxin/
tetrachloro, Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated dibenzo-
dioxins.
PB88-101506/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of Emissions trom Low Mileage Cata-
lysts on a Light-Duty Methanol-Fueled Vehicle.
Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology and Applications Branch.
G. K. Piotrowski. Apr 87,50p EPA/AA/CTAB-87/05
The report describes the results of testing methanol
catalyst in a two-phased program. Phase I involved the
use of base metal or lightly loaded noble metal cata-
lysts in three-way and oxidation catalyst modes. Phase
II involved the use of heavily loaded noble-metal cata-
lysts in an effort to reduce hydrocarbon and aldehyde
emissions to very low levels.
Keywords: "Aldehydes, "Methanol, "Automotive fuels,
Exhaust emissions, Tests, Air pollution, Catalytic con-
certers.
PB88-101530/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Summary and Analysis of Comments on the Rec-
ommended Practice for the Measurement of Refu-
eling Emissions. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Mar 87,130p
See also report dated Aug 85, PB86-102282.
As a result of concerns about the emissions which
occur when gasoline vapors are displaced from fuel
tanks during the refueling of motor vehicles, EPA has
been examining the need for the control of these refu-
eling emissions and the methods to do so. One such
method involves the collection on the vehicle of the
displaced hydrocarbons and the measurement of the
effectiveness of the refueling vapor control system.
The type of control is referred to as onboard control of
refueling emissions. The report presents a summary of
the comments on the recommended refueling test pro-
cedure, EPA's analysis of the issues raised by the
commenters, and the resulting changes made to the
recommended test procedures.
Keywords: "Refueling, "Air pollution, Exposure, Gaso-
line, Ozone, Comparison, Evaporation, Vapor pres-
sure, Graphs(Chart), Tables(Data), "Federal test pro-
cedure, "Emission factors. Environmental health.
Baseline measurement, Numerical equation.
PB6B-101548/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Book Review of 'Fundamentals of Aquatic Toxi-
cology: Methods and Applications'. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
M. A. Cairns. 1985,3p EPA/600/J-85/502
Pub. in Transactions of the American Fisheries Socie-
ty, v114 n6 p91 7-918 Nov 85.
The book reviews the field of aquatic toxicology, a rap-
idly evolving science. On the down side, little or no em-
phasis was placed on topics such as toxic sediments,
nonpoint-source pollution, acid precipitation, or haz-
ardous wastes. In general, though, the volume is a wel-
come addition to the shelves of graduate schools, re-
searchers, applied scientists, and technical adminis-
trators.
Keywords: 'Aquatic biolocjy, 'Toxicology, Tests, Tox-
icity, Chemical analysis, Environmental impact, Water
pollution, Ecology, Bioaccumulation.
PB88-101555/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Plant Protective Response to Enhanced UV-B Ra-
diation under Field Conditions: Leaf Optical Prop-
erties and Photosynthesis. Journal article,
Utah State Univ., Logan. Dept. of Range Science and
Ecology Center.
S. D. Flint, P. W. Jordan, and M. M. Caldwell. C1985,7p
EPA/600/J-85/503
Pub. in Photochemistry and Photobiology, v41 n1 p95-
99 1985. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
Plants of Vicia faba were grown in the field during early
to midsummer while receiving two levels of supple-
mental UV-B radiation. Light-saturated photosynthesis
and stomatal diffusive conductance of intact leaves
did not show any indications of UV-radiation damage.
Supplemental UV treatment did cause increased con-
centrations of UV-absorbing flavonoid pigments in leaf
tissues and decreased epidermal transmittance of UV
radiation. While epidermal transmittance was reduced
30% under the low-UV treatment, the high-UV treat-
ment failed to elicit as large a change. However, total
amounts of flavonoids In other leaf tissues did increase
in response to the high-UV treatment up to 12% great-
er per unit leaf area than for control plants. This may
have been a major factor protecting underlying photo-
synthetic tissues. (Copyright (c) 1985 Pergamon Press
Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Plant chemistry, 'Ultraviolet radiation,
'Photosynthesis, Plant physiology, Plant metabolism,
Leaves(Botany), Plant tissues, Radiation damage, Pro-
tection, Flavones, Field tests, Reprints, Vicia faba,
Faba bean.
PB88-101563/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Effect of Monochloramine on Isolated Fulvlc Acid.
Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
J. N. Jensen, J. D. Johnson, J. St. Aubin, and R. F.
Christman. c1985,8p EPA/600/J-85/501
Pub. in Organic Geochemistry, v8 n1 p71-76 1985.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Monochloramine is interesting both as a selective oxi-
dant of fulvic acid and as a drinking water disinfectant.
In the study, the controlled reaction of aquatic fulvic
acid with monochloramine did not result in products
detectable by ether extraction-gas chromatography-
flame ionization detection techniques. Evidence of a
reaction was shown by bleaching of the fulvic acid so-
lution (decreased absorbance at 465 nm) and chlorine
halide (TOX) parameter. Bleaching and organic chlo-
rine formation were much less extensive than in the re-
action of free chlorine with fulvic acid. Monochlora-
mine was shown to produce an organic chlorine frac-
tion more hydrophilic and with higher molecular size
than that produced by chlorine and fulvic acid. Results
suggest that monochloramine may be a useful tool for
the investigation of certain humic functionalities be-
cause it reacts rather selectively and to a small extent
with aquatic fulvic acid. (Copyright (c) 1985 Pergamon
Press Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Amines, 'Oxidizers, 'Water treatment,
Chemical reactions, Humic acids, Halides, Chlorine,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bleaching, Chemical agent detection, Disinfectants,
Reprints, "Fulvic acids, "Chloramines.
PB88-101571/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
THM (Trlhalomethanes) and TOX (Total Organic
Halogen) Formation: Routes, Rates, and Precur-
sors. Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
J. D. Johnson, and J. N. Jensen. C1986,10p EPA/
600.J-86/390
Grant EPA-R-810532
Pub. in Jnl. of American Water Works Association, v78
n4 p156-162 Apr 86. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
Oxidation and substitution are important mechanisms
in the interaction between disinfectants and naturally
occurring organics in water. Oxidation processes are
responsible for the removal of organic compounds and
precursors of trihalomethanes (THMs) and total organ-
ic halogen (TOX). Substitution reactions are the source
of chlorine incorporation into the organic matter. Disin-
fectants differ in their abilities to carry out oxidation
and substitution reactions, but studies show that chlor-
amines also add chlorine to organic materials by sub-
stitution. Before a decision is made to change disin-
fectants, operating parameters and chemical functions
must be taken into account to achieve the best quality
drinking water.
Keywords: "Water treatment, 'Potable water, "Halo-
gen organic compounds, 'Disinfection, Chlorination,
Oxidation, Substitution reactions, Reprints, Trihalo-
methanes.
PB88-101589/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Extent of Ozone's Reaction with Isolated Aquatic
Fulvic Acid. Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
L J Anderson, J. D. Johnson, and R. F. Christman.
ci 986,7p EPA/600/J-86/389
Pub. in Environmental Science Technology, v20 n7
p739-742 Jul 86. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
Samples of North Carolina aquatic fulvic acid were
ozonated in a neutral buffer at several ozone/carbon
ratios, and the reaction mixtures were characterized by
using total organic carbon (TOC) and UV-visible absor-
bance analysis, XAD-8 chromatography, and ultrafiltra-
tion. Results show a large initial ozone consumption
with loss of TOC and UV-visible absorbance by the
fulvic acid solution followed by a slower rate of ozone
consumption and decrease in TOC and UV-visible ab-
sorbance at higher doses. Exclusion chromatography
and ultrafiltration show an increase in smaller sized
materials. The authors conclude that ozone initially
and rapidly attacks sensitive nucleophilic sites on the
molecule. At higher doses slower cleavage reactions
produce structural changes in the macromolecule.
(Copyright (c) 1986 American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: "Ozonization, 'Water treatment, Chemical
reactions, Ultraviolet absorbers, Chromatography,
Carbon, Nucleophilic reactions, North Carolina, Re-
prints, 'Fulvic acids, 'Aquatic ecosystems, Ultrafiltra-
tion, Total organic carbon.
PB88-101597/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund innovative Technology Evaluation
(SITE) after the First Year,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
R. D. Hill. Sep 87,16p EPA/600/D-87/297
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of
Research and Development (ORD), joining with the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
(OSWER), has initiated the Superfund Innovative
Technology Evaluation (SITE) program. The SITE pro-
gram will help EPA find, test, and encourage the use of
new ways to destroy, stabilize, or otherwise treat haz-
ardous wastes, rather than just bury them in the
ground. The overall goal of the SITE program is to
maximize the use of alternatives to land disposal and
containment at Superfund sites. To accomplish the
goal, the program will provide reliable cost and per-
formance information on technologies that offer an al-
ternative to land disposal. The information will be gen-
erated by conducting pilot-scale or full-scale demon-
strations of alternative technologies at Superfund
sites. The SITE program has now been functioning
over a year. Twelve technologies have been selected
for the first series of demonstrations and twelve more
are under review for the second series.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste dispos-
al, Technology innovation, Earth fills, Substitutes, Per-
formance evaluation, Cost analysis, Fluidized bed
processors, Incinerators, Furnaces, Infrared heating,
"Superfund program, "Hazardous wastes, SITE pro-
gram.
PB88-101605/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Tumorlgenic Effect of Sodium Arsenite in Rat
Kidney. Journal article,
University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA.
D. Y. Shirachi, M. G. Johansen, J. P. McGowan, and S.
H. Tu. c1983,6p EPA/600/D-87/276
Grant EPA-R-807235
Pub. in Proceedings of the Western Pharmacology So-
ciety, v26 p413-415 Jan 83. Sponsored by Health Ef-
fects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Exposure of humans to inorganic arsenic has been as-
sociated with the development of neoplasms. This has
led to the conclusion that arsenic is a carcinogen but
this is without substantial experimental evidence. The
major criticism of the epidemiological and experimen-
tal data is that other chemicals or conditions were
often present during these exposures which complicat-
ed the interpretation of the data. Researchers have
been interested in the concept that arsenic is not a
complete carcinogen but would require a promoter
carcinogen or is itself a promoter carcinogen. The
report presents evidence that the inorganic arsenic,
sodium arsenite, appears to be a promoter carcinogen
in the kidney for the initiator carcinogen, diethylnitrosa-
mine. (Copyright (c) 1983, Proc. West. Pharmacol,
Soc.)
Keywords: "Arsenic, "Carcinogens, Malignant neo-
plasms, Kidney, Rats, Laboratory animals, Toxicology,
Sodium arsenite, Tumor promoters, Tumor initiators,
Diethylnitrosamine.
PB88-101613/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Program Strategies for Standards Development
for Hazardous Waste Incineration,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park. NC.
D. J. von Lehmden. Sep 87,16p EPA/600/D-87/274
The principal goal of the EPA Environmental Monitor-
ing Systems Laboratory (EMSL) in assessing the qual-
ity of measurements is the development of accurate
standards that may be used by agency personnel (fed-
eral, state, and local) to audit and assess the quality of
measurements. EMSL's development of ppb cylinder
gas standards, containing hazardous organic com-
pounds, was initiated to meet the need for audit materi-
als to assess the quality of trial-burn-test measure-
ments during hazardous waste incineration. The logic
used in selecting organics for this standards develop-
ment and the procedure used to ensure the highest
possible accuracy in these standards are described.
Also discussed is the apparent need for high quality
gas standards for ambient air hazardous organic
measurements and the extent to which the current in-
ventory of 29 organic standards fulfills this need.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Hazardous materials,
'Incinerators, 'Air pollution, Performance standards,
Performance evaluation, Measurement, Quality con-
trol, Organic compounds, Monitors, "Hazardous
wastes, 'Incineration, Principal organic hazardous
constituents, Air pollution monitors, Toxic substances.
PB88-101621/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Mallard Reproductive Testing in a Pond Environ-
ment: A Preliminary Study. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
S. M. Meyers, and J. D. Gile. C1986, 7p EPA/600/J-
86/400
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 15, p757-761 1986. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
A 2-year preliminary study was conducted on mallard
ducks to determine the feasibility of using outdoor
pond enclosures for reproductive studies and to evalu-
ate the effects of the insecticide chlorpyrifos on mal-
lard reproduction. No significant reproductive effects
were observed for mallards receiving 8 ppm (mg/kg of
feed) chlorpyrifos in their diet. Birds receiving 80 ppm
chlopyrifos hatched significantly (p less than 0.05)
fewer ducklings per successful nest (5.8) than controls
(10.2). None of the ducklings on treatment ponds sur-
vived to 7 days. Control birds produced 8.4 ducklings
per successful nest surviving to 7 days or longer. Birds
in the 80 ppm treatment group consumed less feed
than did controls(p less than 0.01). Weight loss from
reduced feed consumption did not occur to the extent
expected, indicating that birds supplemented their
diets with natural foods found in and around the ponds.
(Copyright (c) 1986 Springer-Vering New York Inc.)
Keywords: "Ponds, 'Insecticides, "Ducks, 'Water pol-
lution, Reproduction(Biology), Feasibility, Survival,
Weight(Mass), Diets, Food consumption, Toxicity,
Evaluation, Phosphorus organic compounds,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, Anas platyr-
hynchos, Mallard ducks, Chlorpyrifos, Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PBB8-101639/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Adult Mallard Age on Avian Reproduc-
tive Tests. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. D. Gile, and S. M. Meyers. c1986,7p EPA/600/J-
86/399
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v15 p751-756 1986. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
The study was designed to determine the effect of
using two different ages of mallard (Anas platyrhyn-
chos) adults within the first breeding season on repro-
ductive tests under standard Toxic Substances Con-
trol Act avian reproductive guidelines. The adult age
groups were 7 and 11 months at test initiation. The test
chemical was an organophosphate insecticide, chlor-
pyrifos. The parameters evaluated included food con-
sumption, adult body weight, brain acetylcholinester-
ase levels, egg production, fertility, hatchability, egg
shell thickness, egg weight, and duckling survival ana
weight. (Copyright (c) 1986 Springer-Venag New York
Inc.)
Keywords: 'Ducks, 'Insecticides, 'Toxicity, 'Water
pollution, Tests, Reproduction(Biology), Phosphorus
organic compounds, Age, Eggs, Fertility, Reprints,
Anas platyrhynchos, Mallard ducks, Chlorpyrifos,
Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB88-101647/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Botanical Aspects of Acidic Precipitation. Journal
article,
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
L. S. Evans. C1984,44p EPA/600/J-84/407
Contract DE-AC02-76CH00016
Pub. in the Botanical Review, v50 n4 p450-490 Oct-
Dec 84. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR., and Department of Energy, Wash-
ington, DC.
Acidic precipitation can be characterized as wet or
frozen atmospheric deposition with a hydrogen ion
concentration greater than 2.5 microequivalents liter-
1. Acidic precipitation is perceived as a significant air
pollution problem derived chiefly from combustion of
fossil fuels, smelting of sulfide metals, and other indus-
trial processes. Precipitation data from the northeast-
ern U.S. show a mean pH of between 4.0 and 4.2 with
a range of from 3.0 to 6.0 among individual events. Al-
though visible injury to plant foliage has been docu-
mented in a variety of studies only one case of visible
foliar injury from the acidity in ambient rainfalls has
been documented. Acidic precipitation can contribute
nutrients to vegetation and could also influence nutri-
ent leaching rates from vegetation. Although these
processes occur, there are no data that show changes
in nutrient levels in foliage that relate to crop or natural
ecosystem productivity. Although no consistent pat-
terns are presently known, acidic precipitation may
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
affect host-plant pathogen interactions. (Copyright (c)
1984 The New York Botanical Garden.)
Keywords: 'Plants(Botany), Vegetation, Soil microbi-
ology, Acidification, Air pollution, Ecology,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Reprints, 'Acid deposition,
Environment effects.
PB88-101654/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Acidity of Simulated Rain and Its Joint
Action with Ambient Ozone on Measures of Bio-
mass and Yield in Soybean. Journal article,
Boyce Thompson Inst, for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY.
J. Troiano, L. Colavito, L. Heller, D C. McCune, and J.
S. Jacobson. C1983, 9p EPA/600/J-83/363
Grant EPA-R-804513
Pub. in Environmental and Experimental Botany, v23
n2 p113-119 1983. Sponsored by Corvallis Environ-
mental Research Lab., OR.
An experiment was performed to determine whether
the presence of ozone modified the effects of acidity of
simulated rain on growth and yield of soybean.
Beeson, a type II cultivar, was grown in field chambers
and exposed to simulated rain at 3 levels of acidity.
Each level was applied to plants grown either in unal-
tered ambient air or in charcoal filtered ambient air. An
interaction between acidity of simulated rain and filtra-
tion of ambient air on growth and yield was present.
The difference in total dry mass between plants grown
in filtered and unfiltered chambers increased acidity, of
simulated rain treatments. In filtered air, vegetative
mass was only slightly decreased with increased acidi-
ty, whereas reproductive mass was increased with in-
creased acidity. In unfiltered air vegetative mass de-
creased with increased acidity but reproductive mass
was only slightly decreased at pH 2.8. Components of
yield also were differentially affected by acidity, which
indicates the need for a better understanding of the
sensitivities of different developmental processes of
the plant to each kind of pollutant. The apparent inter-
action between ozone and acidic rain indicates that
further investigations on the combination must be con-
ducted before acidic rain effects on plant growth can
be accurately assessed in ambient atmospheres.
(Copyright (c) 1983. Pergamon Press Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Acidity, "Soybean plants, 'Air
pollution, Plant growth, Biomass, Yield, Rain, Simula-
tion, Filters, Reprints, "Acid rain, 'Air pollution
effects(Plants).
PB88-101662/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Acid Rain on Grapevines. Journal article,
New York State Agricultural Experiment Station,
Geneva. Dept. of Pomology and Viticulture.
P L. Forsline, R. C. Musselman, R. J. Dee, and W. J.
Kender. c1983,8p EPA/600/J-83/364
Pub. in American Jnl. of Enology and Viticulture, v34
n1 p17-22 Jan 83. Prepared in cooperation with Agri-
cultural Research and Education Center, Lake Alfred,
FL. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research
Lab., OR.
Mature vineyard-growing Concord grapevines were
sprayed with simulated acid rain solutions ranging from
pH 2.5 to 5.5 both as acute treatments at anthesfs and
chronically throughout the season in 1980 and 1981.
In 1981, 8 additional varieties were also treated with
simulated acid rain solutions at pH 2.75 and 3.25. With
Concord in 1981, few foliar lesions on leaves were visi-
ble at pH 2.75. In contrast, many leaf lesions with de-
creased fruit soluble solids were observed at pH 2.5 in
1980. The relationship between acid rain and oxidant
stipple, chlorosis, and soluble solids in the absence of
acid rain leaf lesions at pH>2.5 remains unclear.
Acute sprays (pH2.75) at anthesis reduced pollen ger-
mination in four grape cultivars. However, fruit set was
reduced in only one of these. Grape yields were not in-
fluenced by acid rain treatments. There was no evi-
dence that acid rain at ambient pH levels had negative
effects on grape production or fruit quality. (Copyright
(c) American Journal of Enol. Vitic. 1983.)
Keywords: 'Grapevines, Acidification, Fruit crops,
Yield, Productivity, Air pollution, Inhibitors, Quality, Re-
prints, 'Acid rain, * Air pollution effects(Plants).
PB88-101670/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
United States Environmental Protection Agency
Research Initiatives in Waste Reduction for Small
Quantity Hazardous Waste Generators,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis.
C, A. McComas, and J. S. Bridges. Sep 87,12p EPA/
600/M-87/024
Grant EPA-R-813437
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The US EPA Office of Research and Development is
supporting a Small Quantity Generator Research Pro-
gram to develop and promote the use of innovative
technologies and management practices to reduce the
generation of hazardous waste. The program was es-
tablished in response to the needs of small quantity
generators in the areas of waste management, regula-
tory compliance, and technical resources. Waste re-
duction is seen as a key in helping small businesses by
reducing liability, product costs, disposal costs, and
environmental, safety and health concerns. To date, a
total of three efforts are on-going under the program
with the State of North Carolina, the State of Minneso-
ta, and the Governmental Refuse Collection and Dis-
posal Association (CRDCA). Results from each of the
three research efforts will be used to assist small busi-
nesses work toward waste reduction, improve waste
management, and achieve regulatory compliance.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
Technology innovation, Refuse, Regulations, Environ-
mental protection, Waste treatment, Storage, Collect-
ing methods, Research projects, Small businesses,
'Waste reduction, Recycling.
PB88-101688/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Book Review of 'Acid Rain: A Water Resources
Issue for the BO's',
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
M. R. Church. 1987,4p EPA/600/M-87/027
Pub. in Transactions of the American Geophysical
Union, v68 n15p209 and 212 Apr 87.
The volume is a collection of papers dealing with a va-
riety of topical areas associated with the study of the
effects of acidic deposition on watersheds and water
resources. Because the volume was published in
1983, most of the research that contributed to these
papers was conducted in the early 1980s and thus is
somewhat dated. For the reason, the volume is not
useful as an index to the current state of the art in the
topical fields presented. Its principal utility lies in pre-
senting some interesting data from early phases of
continuing projects (e.g. the Shenandoah Watershed
Acidification Study by Shaffer and Galloway) and in
providing a historical snapshot of some avenues of re-
search early in the study of 'acid rain' in the United
States.
Keywords: 'Water resources, Watersheds, Hydrome-
teorology, Precipitation(Chemistry), Water pollution.
Air pollution, 'Acidification, 'Acid rain.
PB88-101696/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Initiates
Wetlands Research in the Pacific Northwest. Jour-
nal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
M. E. Kentula. C1987,4p EPA/600/M-87/026
Pub. in Northwest Environmental Jnl., v3 p163-164
1987. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
In January 1986 the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) adopted a Wetlands Research Plan
(Zedler and Kentula 1986). The plan describes the re-
search necessary to assist the Agency in implement-
ing its responsibilities for protecting wetlands, includ-
ing Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. Three re-
search needs were identified and an emphasis on
freshwater systems was recommended. Research will
be implemented to: (1) assess the water quality func-
tions of wetlands; (2) develop methods to predict the
cumulative impact(s) associated with wetland loss;
and (3) improve the formulation and evaluation of wet-
land creation/ restoration projects required as mitiga-
tion for unavoidable Impacts. (Copyright (c) Northwest
Environmental Journal 3:163-164,1987.)
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Swamps, Environmental
impacts, Fresh water, Assessments, Losses, Reprints,
"Wetlands, 'Pacific Northwest Region(United States),
Clean Water Act.
PB88-101985/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
EPN (O-EthyMHP-Nltrophenyl) Phenylphosphon-
othioate); Decision Document.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jun 83,189p EPA/540/09-87/221
The Special Review Document addresses the risks
and benefits of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The Agency has determined that
the use of products containing the subject active ingre-
dient may meet or exceed a risk criterion described in
40 CFR Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined
further to determine the nature and extent of the risk,
and considering the benefits of the subject active in-
gredient, whether such risks cause unreasonable ad-
verse effects on the environment.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Regulations, Man-
ufacturing, Chemistry, Toxicology, Residues, Ecology,
' Phosphonothioic acid/etnyl-(nitrophenyl-ester)-
phenyl, EPN insecticide, Path of pollutants.
PB88-102397/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Analysis of Modified Wet-Air Oxidation for Soil
Detoxification,
Environmental Monitoring and Services, Inc., Camar-
illo, CA.
W. Unterberg, R. S. Willms, A. M. Balinsky, D. D.
Reible, and D. M. Wetzel. Sep 87,33p EPA/600/2-87/
079
Contract EPA-68-03-3014
Prepared in cooperation with Louisiana State Univ.,
Baton Rouge. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineer-
ing Research Lab.
The report presents the results of research on wet-air
oxidation as a method for the destruction of hazardous
wastes. For organics in the presence of large amounts
of water, the water need not be vaporized during wet-
air oxidation, an attractive characteristic for energy
conservation. The feasibility of using wet-air oxidation
was investigated in terms of the effects of tempera-
ture, pressure, and the presence or absence of soil on
the oxidation rate of three model compounds. Wet-air
oxidation is a semi-commercial process that has been
used to treat a variety of weakly toxic chemical wastes
and for the regeneration of activated carbon. In the
study wet-air oxidation research was carried out in a 1 -
liter batch reactor at temperatures from 130 to 275 deg
C and pressures from 703-1760x ten to the 3rd power
kg/sq m on three substances: m-xylene, tetrachlor-
oethylene (TCE), and malathion, both with and without
addition of soil. Any attempt to balance the effect of
residence time and the cost of energy requires an ac-
curate description of the oxidation kinetics for the com-
pound or waste stream in question. Due to the sam-
pling technique used during the investigation and the
inherent nature of the wet-air oxidation process, a vari-
ety of potential problems with the interpretation and
analysis of the raw concentration-time data were en-
countered during the study.
Keywords: * Hazardous wastes, "Soils, 'Detoxification,
'Energy conservation, *Wet air oxidation, "Water pol-
lution control.
PB88-102405/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Nondestructive Testing (NDT) Techniques to
Detect Contained Subsurface Hazardous Waste.
Final rept. 19 Oct 80-18 Oct 86,
Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA.
A. E. Lord, and R. M. Koerner. Sep 87,99p* EPA/600/
2-87/078
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The project involves the detection of buried containers
with NDT (remote-sensing) techniques. Seventeen
techniques were considered and four were ultimately
decided upon. They were: electromagnetic induction
(EMI); metal detection (MD); magnetometer (MAG);
and ground penetrating radar (GPR). The containers-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
both steel and plastic-varying in size from 5 gal to 55
gal were buried in known distributions in a wide variety
of soils; also, some were submerged in water. Five di-
verse field sites were used. As a result of the work at
the five field sites, a relatively complete picture has
emerged concerning the strengths and weaknesses of
the four NDT subsurface container location tech-
niques. Briefly it can be stated: GPR is the only reliable
method to detect plastic containers, but it has limita-
tions; GPR, EMI, and MD all suffer severe loss of de-
tection ability when the background electrical conduc-
tivity exceeds 40 millimhos/meter; in a dry sandy soil
EMI, GPR, and MAG are all capable of picking up a
single 55-gal steel drum to a depth of at least 10 feet;
the MAG method works well for steel under all subsur-
face conditions; and GPR can usually pickup the side
walls of the excavations where waste is dumped. Ap-
plication of signal enhancement techniques (back-
ground suppression) can be expected to enhance
NDT utility.
Keywords: "Detection, "Hazardous materials, Nonde-
structive tests, Drums(Containers), Electromagnetic
induction, Radar, Plastics.
PB88-102413/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Performance Characteristics of Woodstoves
under Field Conditions. Rept. for Sep 85-Sep 87
Coalition of Northeast Governors, Washington, DC.
P. Burnet, S. J. Morgan, and R. C. McCrillis. Sep 87,
13p EPA/600/ D-87/239
Grant EPA-R-812979
Prepared in cooperation with OMNI Environmental
Services, Inc., Beaverton, OR., and Technical Devel-
opment Corp., Boston, MA. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab,
The paper discusses data and preliminary findings
from the first year of a 2-year detailed evaluation of
woodstove performance characteristics under field
conditions that was conducted on 32 volunteer houses
in New York State and Vermont. Woodstoves were
monitored for particulate emissions, wood fuel use,
and creosote accumulation in the chimney. Compari-
sons were made between stove technologies repre-
sented in the study houses: catalytic, high-efficiency
noncatalytic, and conventional stoves. Add-on/retrofit
catalytic devices added to conventional stoves were
also evaluated. Field results showed that catalytic
stoves achieved emission reductions of about 25%,
compared to conventional stoves. Prior laboratory
tests on the same catalytic stove models indicated re-
ductions of 5 to 10 times were possible. High-efficien-
cy noncatalytic technology, based on very limited data,
showed the lowest average emission rates. Add-on/
retrofit devices showed no emission reduction.
Keywords: "Stoves, Fuels, Combustion, Emissions,
Residential buildings, "Wood burning appliances, "Air
pollution control.
PB88-102421/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Alternative Sewers in the United States,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
J. F. Kreissl. 1985,13p EPA/600/D-87/237
Paper presented at International Symposium on Urban
Hydrology, Hydraulic Infrastructures and Water Quali-
tytrol (1985), Lexington, KY., July 23-25,1985.
The history of development of alternative sewers in the
United States is discussed along with their basic
design features and extent of their use at the present
time. Guidance is provided in the form of field experi-
ence and rational projections for engineers to estimate
the capital and operation and maintenance costs of al-
ternative sewers. Logic is also provided on the best
use of these technologies in pure or combined form for
a variety of environmental conditions.
Keywords: "Sewers, Sewage disposal, Water treat-
ment, Septic tanks, Economic factors. Pressure
sewers, Vacuum sewers, Gravity sewers.
PB88-102439/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Arizona Univ., Tucson.
Characterization of Household Hazardous Waste
from Marin County, California, and New Orleans,
Louisiana,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
W. L. Rathje, D. C. Wilson, V. W. Lambou, and R. C.
Herndon. Sep 87, 27p* EPA/600/4-87/025
Prepared in cooperation with Florida State Univ., Talla-
hassee. Center for Biomedical and Toxicological Re-
search. Sponsored by Arizona Univ., Tucson.
There is a growing concern that certain constituents of
common household products, that are discarded in
residential garbage, may be potentially harmful to
human health and the environment by adversely af-
fecting the quality of ground and surface water. A
survey of hazardous wastes in residential garbage
from Marin County, California, and New Orleans, Lou-
isiana, was conducted in order to determine the
amount and characteristics of such wastes that are en-
tering municipal landfills. The results of the survey indi-
cate that approximately 642 metric tons of hazardous
waste are discarded per year for the New Orleans
study area and approximately 259 metric tons are dis-
carded per year for the Marin County study area. Even
though the percent of hazardous household waste in
the garbage discarded in both study areas was less
than 1 percent, it represents a significant quantity of
hazardous waste because of the large volume of gar-
bage involved.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Households,
"Water pollution, "Waste disposal, California, Louisi-
ana, Toxicity, Marin County(California), New
Orleans(Louisiana).
PB88-102447/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
SITE Program - Superfund Innovative Technology
Evaluation -New Approaches to Cleaning up Haz-
ardous Waste Sites,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
R. D. Hill. Sep 87,14p EPA/600/D-87/238
See also PB87-181939.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA)
Office of Research and Development (ORD), joining
with the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Re-
sponse (OSWER), has initiated the Superfund Innova-
tive Technology Evaluation (SITE) program. The SITE
program will help EPA find, test, and encourage the
use of new ways to destroy, stabilize, or otherwise
treat hazardous wastes, rather than just burying them
in the ground. The overall goal of the SITE program is
to maximize the use of alternatives to land disposal
and containment at Superfund sites. To accomplish
this goal, the program will provide reliable cost and
performance information on technologies that offer an
alternative to land disposal. This information will be
generated by conducting pilot-scale or full-scale dem-
onstrations of alternative technologies at Superfund
sites. The SITE program is discussed and the first 11
systems to be demonstrated are described.
Keywords: "Pollution, "Waste disposal, "Hazardous
materials, Containment, Sites, Contaminants, "Envi-
ronmental issues, Superfund, Land disposal.
PB88-102512/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Developments at International Conference on
Water Pollution Research (13th) Held at Rio de Ja-
neiro, Brazil on August 17-21,1986,
United States of America National Committee for Rep-
resentation of the United States to the International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control.
F. M. Saunders, T. M. Keinath, and R. A. Conway. Sep
87, 379p" EPA/600/2-87/080
See also report dated Feb 86, PB86-163417. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati,
OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The purpose of the report is to provide a mechanism
whereby current water research developments from
around the world as reported at the 13th International
Conference on Water Pollution Research of the Inter-
national Association on Water Pollution Research and
Control can be highlighted and brought to the attention
of other water pollution researchers. In the report are
reviews of the conference presentations and invited
discussion, poster sessions, and pre- and post-confer-
ence seminars, as well as interpretive analyses of in-
formal developments associated with the Conference
which were judged to be of particular relevance to
water quality control activities in the U.S.A. Also includ-
ed is a section on research needs.
Keywords: Meetings, Sewage treatment, Activated
sludge process, Ground water, Phosphorus, Industrial
waste treatment, "Water pollution control, Eutrophica-
tion.
PB88-102595/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Vehicle Driveabillty with Gasoline/Alcohol Blends.
Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technical Support Staff.
J. Adler, and C. A. Harvey. May 87, 24p EPA/AA/TSS/
PA-86/02
See also DE86-004278.
The report addresses the issue of vehicle driveability
with gasoline/ethanol and gasoline/methanol cosol-
vent blends. Oxygen content, volatility, heat vaporiza-
tion, intake system deposits, driveability test programs
and fleet programs are also examined.
Keywords: "Fuel economy, "Gasohol, "Vehicles, Fuel
consumption, Methanol fuels, Ethanol fuels, Volatility.
PB88-102603/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Safety Implications of Onboard Refueling Vapor
Recovery Systems. Technical rept. (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Jun 87,103p EPA/AA/SDSB-87/05
See also PB86-102282.
The report evaluates the safety implications of requir-
ing onboard refueling vapor recovery systems on gas-
oline-powered passenger cars, light trucks and heavy-
duty vehicles. Special attention is given to the analysis
of the design considerations for a safe onboard
system and other measures necessary to insure that
the design considerations incorporated are capable of
providing a high level of in-use fuel system integrity.
Concerns over the potential safety implications of on-
board systems have been raised. These concerns can
be grouped into four general areas. These include re-
quirements to pass the National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration (NHTSA) safety test, the effects
of tampering and system defects, refueling operations,
and in-use fuel system safety. All of these concerns
are presented as well as design considerations for a
safe system. In use fuel system safety is also present-
ed as well as cost and leadtime considerations for im-
plementating a safe system.
Keywords: "Refueling, "Air pollution, Exposure, Gaso-
line, Ozone, Comparison, Evaporation, Vapor pres-
sure, Motor vehicle accidents, "Emission factors,
"Federal test procedure.
PB88-102611/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Investigation of the Need for In-Use Dispensing
Rate Limits and Fuel Nozzle Geometry Standardi-
zation. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
May 87,23p EPA/AA/SDSB-87/07
The report presents the results of the investigation of
the effects of dispensing rates and fuel nozzle geome-
tries on motor vehicle refueling emissions. It also sup-
ports EPA's proposal to regulate in-use dispensing
rates and further study the need for some form of gas-
oline nozzle standardization.
Keywords: "Refueling, "Exhaust emissions. Standardi-
zation, Fuel injectors, Nozzles, Vapors, Air quality.
PB88-102629/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Discussion of Possible Causes of Low Failure
Rates In Decentralized l/M (inspection/Mainte-
nance) Programs. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technical Support Staff.
E. J. Tierney. Jan 87,33p EPA/AA/TSS/IM-87/1
The report reviews six possible explanations for low re-
ported failure rates in manual, decentralized Inspec-
tion/Maintenance (l/M) programs. The report ana-
lyzes and discusses random roadside idle survey data
reported l/M program data and data collected during
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
audits of l/M programs. The data indicate that five of
the explanations: quality control, fleet maintenance,
differences in fleet mix or emission standards, antici-
patory maintenance, and pre-inspection repair, do not
sufficiently explain low reported failure rates The
report concludes that the major problem contributing
to low reported failure rates in decentralized, manual,
l/M programs is improper inspections by test station
personnel.
Keywords: "Inspection, 'Maintenance, 'Motor vehi-
cles, 'Exhaust emissions, Air pollution, Air pollution
control, Fuel consumption, Failure, Air quality.
PB88-102728/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Toxicity and Fate of Total Residual Chlorine in
Outdoor Experimental Streams,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Monticello, MN.
Monticello Ecological Research Station.
R. O. Hermanutz, K. N. Allen, and S. F. Hedtke. Sep
87, 31 p EPA/600/D-87/284
Bluegllls, channel catfish, white suckers, and rainbow
trout were exposed, for several weeks, to various
water concentrations of chlorine and chlorine-ammo-
nia mixtures during the summers of 1985 and 1986.
The tests were conducted in one-quarter mile long ex-
perimental streams which are located along the Mis-
sissippi River near Monticello, Minnesota. All streams
were continuously supplied with river water. In the
1985 study, streams were treated with chlorine and in
the 1986 study, streams were treated with chlorine or a
combination of chlorine and ammonia. For both years,
chlorine toxicity to the fish was determined by survival
and growth effects as related to the water concentra-
tion of total residual chlorine (TRC). TRC concentra-
tions in the chlorine treatments were substantially less
toxic than in the chlorine-ammonia treatments. Down-
stream degradation rates of TRC differed between the
chlorine and the chlorine-ammonia treatment streams.
TRC diel fluctuations at a given sampling site also dif-
fered between the two types of treatments. The chlo-
rine streams followed a predictable pattern whereas
the fluctuations in the chlorine-ammonia streams ap-
peared to be random.
Keywords: 'Chlorine, "Toxicity, Channels(Waterways),
Fishes, Concentration(Composition), Degradation,
Water quality, Animal ecology, Ammonia, Minnesota,
"Environment effects.
PB88-102736/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Microscopic Evaluation of Efficiency Theory for
Electrostatic Precipitators,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
T. Yamamoto. Sep87>13P EPA/600/D-87/246
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper discusses a microscopic evaluation of effi-
ciency theory for electrostatic precipitators. A wire-
plate configuration is selected, and the position de-
pendence of migration velocity, concentration profiles,
and fractional-collection efficiency is discussed. Sev-
eral efficiency theories, including non-Deutchlan phe-
nomena, have appeared over the years. Among all ex-
isting theories, the effective migration is the quantity in
dispute and not the theoretical migration velocity. The
particle-migration velocity cannot be a single number
but is rather a function of position. The local migration
velocity is essential to calculate the concentration pro-
file. Therefore, the theoretical treatment of particle
motion in the electrohydrodynamic field is a necessary
step in understanding the microscopic precipitation
process and efficiency theory.
Keywords: "Pollution, "Electrostatic precipitators,
'Electrohydrodynamics, Mathematical models, Elec-
trostatics, Efficiency, Particles, Collection,
Graphs(Charts), Pollution control, Stationary sources.
PB88-102744/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1,3-
Butadlene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
May 83, 53p EPA/600/X-84/120
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1,3-
Butadiene was prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous con-
stituents of a wide range of waste streams under Sec-
tion 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Exist-
ing data are insufficient to determine an Acceptable
Daily Intake (ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for
1,3-Butadiene.
Keywords: 'Butadienes, Exposure, Toxicity, "Hazard-
ous materials, Hydrocarbons, Rubber industry, Carcin-
ogen, 'Water pollution, "Streams, Chemical reactions,
Vaporizing, 'Environment effects, Occupational safety
and health, CAS 106-99-0.
PB86-102751/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Background for the Synthesis and Integration of
Forest Response to Atmospheric Deposition.
Symposium paper,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A. R. Kiester. Sep 87,20p EPA/600/D-87/266
The paper is based on a project entitled A Review of
the Statistical Methods for the Evaluation of Atmos-
pheric Deposition Influences on Forests (ADIF/STAT).
Because statistics consist of the studies of the general
methods of inference for scientific research, thorough
presentation must encompass an understanding of the
entire scientific problem as well as the statistical meth-
ods used to evaluate the problem. Therefore, re-
searchers considered the general conceptual basis of
the research, problems of experimental design, and
problems of interpretation, as well as statistical meth-
ods. In particular, they are attempting to understand
the relationship between studies of atmospheric depo-
sition and the general problems of forest ecology.
Keywords: 'Forestry, Ecology, Statistics, Air pollution,
Mathematical models, 'Acid deposition, Environment
effects, Atmospheric precipitation.
PB88-102769/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Assessment of Genotoxicity of Hazardous
Wastes with the Arabidopsis Embryo Assay,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
S. S. Sandhu, and G. N. Acedo. Sep 87,21 p EPA/600/
D-87/272
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Health
Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park,
NC.
The paper summarizes the results of evaluating the
genetic effects of five samples obtained from a mercu-
ric acetate plant in New Jersey. The samples were
tested in Arabidopsis thaliana embryo assay after ex-
traction with methylene chloride and water leachate
and as crude samples. These samples had been previ-
ously evaluated for mutagenicity in Salmonella typhi-
murium and a few in mouse lymphoma thymidine
kinase assay. The study shows that the results ob-
tained in Arabidopsis assay were in agreement with
Salmonella and mouse lymphoma assays with the
added advantage that the system is very cost effective
and does not need exogenous metabolic activation.
Keywords: 'Genetics, "Toxicity, Carcinogens, Emis-
sion, Mutagens, Bioassay, "Hazardous wastes, Arabi-
dopsis embryo assay, Mutagenicity tests.
PB88-102876/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Quantifying Uncertainty In Long Range Transport
Models: Workshop Report on Sources and Eval-
uation of Uncertainty in Long-Range Transport
Models,
American Meteorological Society, Boston, MA.
K. L. Demerjian. 1986,206p EPA/600/9-87/017
Grant EPA-R-810546
See also report dated Sep 84, PB87-196101. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research
Lab., Atmospheric Environment Service, Downsview
(Ontario), and Ontario Ministry of the Environment, To-
ronto.
The quantification of uncertainty in long-range trans-
port model predictions and the implications of these
uncertainties on formulations of control policy have
been the subject of investigations by both the United
States and Canada. To more fully address these
topics, the American Meteorological Society (AMS)
was requested to convene a workshop in September
1984 at the National Academy of Sciences Study
Center in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. Joint sponsor-
ship was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, the Ontario Ministry of the Environment,
Canada, and the Atmospheric Environment Service of
Environment Canada. The AMS workshop was three
and one-half days in duration and involved participa-
tion by 38 scientists from the United States, Canada,
and Europe. Five invited draft chapters were prepared
prior to the workshop to provide a focus for discussion,
i.e., to raise the pertinent scientific issues to be ad-
dressed by the participants. This AMS publication con-
tains the complete documentation of the workshop in-
cluding the five invited chapters, recent developments
in model evaluation and sensitivity analysis, and the re-
ports of the Eulerian and Lagrangian working groups.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Contaminants, 'Atmospher-
ic composition, Airborne wastes, Lagrangian functions,
Sulfur, Meteorological data, Meetings.
PB88-102892/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Sampling Oil-Water Mixtures at OHMSETT (Oil and
Hazardous Materials Simulated Environmental
Test Tank). Final rept.,
Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc.. Leonardo,
NJ.
M. Borst. Sep 87,39p EPA/600/2-87/073
Contract EPA-68-03-3056
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The report describes procedures developed at the Oil
and Hazardous Material Simulated Environmental Test
Tank (OHMSETT) for sampling oil and water mixtures.
Two procedures for sampling in containers are dis-
cussed: grab and stratified sampling. Both of these
techniques require stripping free-standing water from
the container bottom. The grab sample technique re-
quires that the remaining fluids be thoroughly mixed
before immersing a bottle through the resulting homo-
geneous emulsion. The stratified sampling procedure
uses a sample thief to capture a segmented cross-sec-
tion of the remaining fluids. Two procedures for sam-
pling flowing fluids were also tested. The two sampling
tubes tested were installed immediately downstream
of a series of static mixers and a centrifugal pump. The
sampling ports were a simple slotted tube and a pilot-
shaped tube.
Keywords: 'Sampling, "Oils, 'Water, Cycloalkane hy-
drocarbons, Oil recovery, Fluid flow, Sandy Hook Bay,
'Oil and hazardous materials simulated environmental
test tank. Hazardous wastes, Oil spills, Stratified sam-
pling, Leonards(New Jersey).
PB88-102900/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Removal of Uranium from Drinking Water by Ion
Exchange and Chemical Clarification. Rept. for
1983-86,
New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces. Engineering Re-
search Center.
S. W. Hanson, D. B. Wilson, and N. N. Gunaji. Sep 87,
71 p EPA/600/2-87/076
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
A pilot demonstration was conducted of ion exchange
and chemical clarification equipment for removing ura-
nium from drinking water. Four commercial-type ion
exchange columns and a prefiltering and regeneration
solution system were constructed along with a pilot-
scale chemical clarification unit. The four ion exchange
columns each contained 2 cu ft. of resin. Three differ-
ent ion exchange resins were used. Resin capacity for
uranium was represented by 12,000 to 20,000 bed vol-
umes. The 1-gal/min chemical clarification unit con-
sisted of a rapid-mix tank and precoat rotary vacuum
filter. The unit was operated continuously for 3 months
at pH values of 6 to 10 and ferric chloride concentra-
tions of 15 to 40 mg/L. Greater than 99% removal of
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
uranium was achieved when operating at 30 mg/L
ferric chloride and pH 10. The diatomaceous earth pre-
coat filter achieved complete solid-liquid separation. In
addition to the pilot study, the report analyzes several
currently operating water treatment systems whose
feed supplies contain uranium.
Keywords: "Uranium, *lon exchanging, 'Potable
water, Clarification, Chemical removal(Water treat-
ment), 'Foreign technology.
PB88-102918/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Volatile Organic Compounds In Whole Blood-De-
termination by Heated Dynamic Headspace Purge
and Trap Isotope Dilution GC/MS. Special rept.
Nov 84-Aug 87,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
P. H. Cramer, K. E. Boggess, and J. M. Hosenfeld. Jul
87, 46p EPA/560/5-87/008
Contract EPA-68-02-4252
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Pesticides and Toxic Sub-
stances.
The method described was developed for the determi-
nation of a selected list of 30 organic compounds in
whole human blood. The method is a heated dynamic
head-space purge and trap gas chromatographic
method using mass spectrometry in the limited mass
scan mode. A whole blood sample is diluted with or-
ganic free water and the mixture fortified with isotopi-
cally labeled compounds. The mixture is subsequently
heated to 50 deg C while stirred and the volatile com-
ponents are purged from the mixture and collected on
an adsorbent trap. The volatile compounds are ther-
mally desorbed from the trap onto a wide-bore fused
silica capillary column. Detection of the compounds is
accomplished using mass spectrometry in the limited
mass scan mode where only selected ions are
scanned. Quantitation of the analytes is accomplished
by using the specific ion responses from standards of
the analytes and their corresponding labeled analogs
or internal standards.
Keywords: 'Blood analysis, 'Toxicology, Gas chroma-
tography, Mass spectroscopy, Isotopes, Labeled sub-
stances, Dilution, Purging, Traps, 'Volatile organic
compounds, 'Toxic substances.
PB88-102926/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of Several Methods to Measure Volatil-
ity of Motor Fuels. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Testing Programs Branch.
M. E. Haubenstricker, and C. A. Scarbro. Jul 87 30p
EPA/AA/EOD/TPB-87/2
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is propos-
ing regulations to reduce the amount of hydrocarbons
released to the atmosphere due to the evaporation of
automotive fuels. The new regulations may define
upper volatility limits for these fuels based on seasonal
climatic patterns. Volatility of gasoline fuels is typically
quantified by measurement of Reid vapor pressure
(RVP), Although an established procedure exists for
the assessment of the parameter (ASTM S 323), there
is question as to the accuracy of the procedure when
evaluating fuels with water-interactive constituents,
e.g., alcohols and ethers. ASTM P 176 is a procedure
which has been proposed as its replacement. It ad-
dresses the problem of water and is known as the 'dry'
version of ASTM D 323. The correlation study was de-
Signed to evaluate the proposed ASTM P 176 proce-
dure for repeatability and reproducibility. The results of
the study will help establish a basis for enforcement
tolerance Also evaluated was the equivalency of re-
sults from two commercial instruments versus those
obtained by the traditional 'gauges and bath' tech-
niques.
Keywords: 'Automotive fuels, 'Volatility, Hydrocar-
bons, Vapor pressure, Air pollution, Exhaust emis-
sions, Standards, Tests.
PB88-102934/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Draft Regulatory Impact Analysis: Proposed Refu-
eling Emission Regulations for Gasoline-Fueled
Motor Vehicles. Volume 2. Additional Analysis of
Onboard Controls.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Air and Radiation.
Jul 87, 49p EPA/450/3-87/001 B
See also Volume 1, PB87-221677.
The report assesses the economic impact of onboard
control of refueling emissions in terms of the costs to
automobile manufacturers, costs to the consumers,
total cost to the nation and the overall socioeconomic
impact of the proposed regulations. Air quality benefits
of the effect of refueling emissions control on ambient
ozone levels is also summarized.
Keywords: "Economic impact, 'Refueling, 'Emission,
Cost analysis, Air pollution, Gasoline, Regulations,
Motor vehicles, Automotive industry, Air quality, Ex-
haust emissions.
PB88-102967/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Critical Literature Review and Research Needed
on Activated Sludge Secondary Clarlfiers. Final
rept.,
Montgomery (James M.), Inc., Pasadena, CA.
R. J. Tekippe. Sep 87, 207p EPA/600/2-87/075
Contract EPA-68-03-1821
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Secondary clarifiers are key to the successful perform-
ance of the activated sludge process. They serve to
separate out the biological solids and produce a clear
effluent and to concentrate the settled solids for return
to the aeration basins. Clarifiers have served the pur-
pose for decades, but there still remains divergence of
opinion as to what constitutes optimal design. To
better understand the process and improve its cost ef-
fectiveness and-performance, the U.S. EPA authorized
a literature review and consensus developing research
prioritization symposium to better understand the proc-
ess and serve as a guide for future research. The ob-
jective of the literature review was to compile knowl-
edge about what is needed for a clarifier design, what
is documented and known from the literature, and
what remains to be learned through further research. It
is the intent that the report serve as a guide for the
conduct of and funding of such future research.
Keywords: 'Activated sludge process, 'Clarifiers, Re-
views, Design criteria, Research management.
PB88-102983/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Model for Predicting the Influence of Moisture
Stress on Crop Losses Caused by Ozone. Journal
articie
Portland Univ., OR. Dept. of Physical and Life Sci-
ences.
D. A. King. C1987,18p EPA/600/J-87/077
Grant EPA-R-811064
Pub. in Ecological Modelling, v35 p29-44 Feb 87.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Estimates of crop losses caused by ambient ozone are
usually based on results from fumigation experiments
performed on adequately watered crops. However,
drought frequently affects crop growth, and moisture
stress has been found to retard the appearance of
ozone injury. To evaluate the effect of drought, a
model was constructed that computes the influence of
moistures stress on yield losses caused by ozone. The
model was calibrated and run for soybean (Glycine
max (L.) Merr.) using soil characteristics, weather, and
ozone inputs from the Corn Belt states (Illinois, Indi-
ana, Iowa, Missouri, and Ohio). (Copyright (c) 1987 El-
sevier Science Publishers B.V.)
Keywords: 'Droughts, 'Ozone, 'Stress(Physiology),
'Farm crops, Moisture, Losses, Mathematical models,
Transpiration, Yield, Weather, Soybean plants, Soil
properties, United States, Reprints, Corn Belt.
PB88-102991/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Fundamental Processes Involved in SO2 Capture
by Calcium-Based Adsorbents,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
B. K. Gullett, and J. C. Kramlich. Sep 87,16p EPA/
600/D-87/270
Contract EPA-68-02-4239
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper discusses the fundamental processes in
sulfur dioxide (S02) capture by calcium-based adsorb-
ents for upper furnace, duct, and electrostatic precipi-
tator (ESP) reaction sites. It examines the reactions in
light of controlling mechanisms, effect of sorbent phys-
ical properties, and important process variables. Upper
furnace reactivity is limited to 900-1200 C by rate and
equilibrium constraints, respectively. Sulfation is a
function of in-situ sorbent characteristics of porosity,
particle size, and surface area. Conversion of the sor-
bent is ultimately limited by the formation of the calci-
um sulfate (CaS04) product layer. The in-duct reaction
is accomplished through sorbent scavenging in the
flue gas stream by a water spray. The scavenging effi-
ciency of the sorbent by the water droplets limits the
process, while reaction is controlled by the dissolution
rate of the sorbent. The E-SOX process in a modified
ESP simulates a short time spray diver through injec-
tion of a calcium hydroxide-Ca(OH)2-slurry. The
Ca(OH)2 undergoes aqueous phase reaction to
remove S02. Evaporation of the droplets prior to the
ESP field conditions the flue gas for more efficient par-
ticulate matter collection by lowering the gas resistivi-
ty.
Keywords: "Sulfur dioxide, "Adsorbents, Flue gases,
Furnaces, Calcium, Electrostatic precipitators. Coal!
Pollution control, Stationary sources.
PB88-103007/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Regional Field Study Design for Evaluation of Eu-
lerlan Acidic Deposition Models,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
D. A. Hansen, M. Lusis, and H. M. Barnes. Sep 87 14d
EPA/600/D-87/268
Prepared in cooperation with Electric Power Research
Inst., Palo Alto, CA., and Ontario Ministry of the Envi-
ronment, Toronto.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the
Electric Power Research Institute, the Ontario Ministry
of the Environment, and the Atmospheric Environmen-
tal Sen/ices have funded the development of two com-
plex regional scale Eulerian acid deposition models,
RADM and ADOM. There is a consensus among the
scientific community that the models should be evalu-
ated as to their skill in predicting output parameters
and to establish their credibility. The paper describes
the measurements planned in a large field study to
provide data for this evaluation. The plan is divided into
two parts: operational and diagnostic. The operational
evaluation assesses the models' ability to predict air
concentrations and deposition patterns. The diagnos-
tic evaluation is an assessment of the behavior of the
model and its individual components, transport, dry
deposition, gas phase chemistry, emission inventory
etc. Plans for an extensive network of ground sampling
stations and intensive aircraft measurements over a
two-year period are discussed.
Keywords: 'Model tests, Air pollution, Operations re-
search, Sampling, Evaluation, Air quality, Euler-La-
grange equation, 'Acid deposition.
PB88-103015/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab
Characterization of Particle and Organic Emis-
sions from Unvented Kerosene Space Heaters.
Rept. for Sep 86-Feb 87,
Yale Univ., New Haven, CT. School of Medicine.
J, B. White, B. P. Leaderer, P. M. Boone, and S. K.
Hammond. Sep 87, 9p EPA/600/D-87/269
Grant EPA-R-813594
Prepared in cooperation with Massachusetts Univ
Medical School, Worcester. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper gives results from Phase I of a three-phase
study to characterize and model contaminant emis-
sions from unvented kerosene space heaters. In
Phase I (a screening phase), emissions from 12 heat-
ers, covering a range of design types and Btu ratings
were evaluated during start-up, at three steady-state
operating conditions (normal, low, and high flame set-
tings), and after shutdown. Aerosol mass, size distribu-
tion, extractable mass, bioassay, trace element con-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tent, and conventional gas (CO, NOx, etc.) measure-
ments were made tor all the heaters tested, while vola-
tile and semivolatile organics measurements were
made for a subsample.
Keywords: 'Kerosene, 'Space heaters, Emission, Par-
ticles, Aerosols, Air pollution, Organic compounds,
•Indoor air pollution.
PB88-103023/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
SITE (Superfund Innovative Technology Evalua-
tion) Program: The Results to Date,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
R. D. Hill. Sep 87,12p EPA/600/D-87/260
The Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Re-
search and Development (ORD), joining with the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
(OSWER), has initiated the Superfund Innovative
Technology Evaluation (SITE) program. The SITE pro-
gram will help EPA find, test, and encourage the use of
new ways to destroy, stabilize, or otherwise treat haz-
ardous wastes, rather than just bury them in the
ground. The overall goal of the SITE program is to
maximize the use of alternatives to land disposal and
containment at Superfund sites. To accomplish this
goal, the program will provide reliable cost and per-
formance information on technologies that offer an al-
ternative to land disposal. This information will be gen-
erated by conducting pilot-scale or full-scale demon-
strations of alternative technologies at Superfund
sites.
Keywords: Earth fills, Industrial wastes, Hazardous
materials, Waste disposal, Site surveys, Technology
assessment, Cost analysis. Substitutes, Solid waste
disposal, 'Superfund Innovative Technology Evalua-
tion program, 'Hazardous waste. Solid waste manage-
ment, Municipal wastes.
data could be optimally controlled on the possible as-
sociation between enteric disease incidence and
wastewater utilization in agricultural settlements in
Israel. The study relates to wastewater contact work-
ers and their nuclear families, i.e. their children and
spouses, and to the general population exposed to the
aerosols formed by sprinkler irrigation with treated
wastewater. The report describes the association be-
tween enteric disease morbidity and wastewater utili-
zation, mainly by aerosolized wastewater by sprinkler
irrigations.
Keywords: 'Sprinkler irrigation, "Waste waters, 'Epi-
demiology, 'Enterobacteriaceae, Agriculture, Gastro-
intestinal diseases, Pollution, Effluents, Israel, Toxicity,
Contamination, Toxicology, 'Foreign technology.
PB88-1030S6/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Hazardous Waste Detoxification - Science and
Technology,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
C. J. Dial, and J. A. Glaser. Sep 87,19p EPA/600/D-
87/291
Current hazardous waste management practices in the
United States are discussed. Changes in the manage-
ment practices required by recent legislative amend-
ments to both the Resource Conservation and Recov-
ery Act and the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation, and Liability Act are explained.
Both established and emerging technologies are dis-
cussed. Limitations of these technologies and the op-
portunities for technology development are reviewed.
Keywords: 'Detoxification, Waste treatment, Legisla-
tion, Technology assessment, 'Hazardous wastes,
Waste management, Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act, Comprehensive Environmental Response
Compensation and Liability Act, Remedial actions.
PB88-103031/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
EPA's (Environmental Protection Agency's) Pro-
gram for Evaluation and Demonstration of Low-
Cost Retrofit LIMB (Limestone Injection Multis-
tage Burner) Technology,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
R. D. Stern. Sep 87, 22p EPA/600/D-87/267
The paper discusses program objectives, approaches,
current status and results, future activities, and sched-
ules for EPA's program for research and development,
field evaluation, and demonstration of Limestone In-
jection Multistage Burner (LIMB) technology. Primary
emphasis is on: (1) the full-scale demonstration being
conducted on Ohio Edison's 104 MW wall-fired
Edgewater Station Unit 4; (2) evaluation on a 50 million
Btu/hr tangentially fired prototype which is nearing
completion; (3) on-going field evaluation on Richmond
Power and Light's 61 MW tangentially fired Whitewater
Valley Generating Station Unit 2. The new program for
demonstration on Virginia Electric Power's 180 MW
tangentially fired Yorktown II Plant is also described.
The LIMB process is based on injecting dry sorbents
into the boiler for direct capture of S02 from the com-
bustion gases. LIMB combines sorbent injection for
S02 control with the use of low-NOx burners, in which
staged combustion is utilized for NOx control.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Combus-
tion products, Limestone, Injection, Burners, Sorbents,
Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur dioxide, Technology innova-
tion Performance evaluation, 'Limestone injection,
•Air"pollution control, LIM8(Limestone Injection Multis-
tage Burner), Coal fired power plants, Acid rain.
PBS8-103049/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Prospective Epidemiological Study of Enteric Dis-
ease Transmission Associated with Sprinkler Irri-
gation with Wastewater: An Overview,
Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem (Israel). Envi-
ronmental Health Lab.
H I Shuval, V. Wax, P. Yekutiel, and B. Fattal. Sep 87,
2Bp EPA/600/ D-87/288
Grant EPA-R-806416
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The report deals with a prospective epidemiological
morbidity and serology study, in which the quality of
PB88-103064/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Uptake of Uranium from Drinking Water,
Utah Univ., Salt Lake City.
N. P. Singh, and M. E. Wrenn. Sep 87,14p EPA/600/
D-87/290
Grant EPA-R-812681
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The gastrointestinal absorption (G.l.) of uranium in
man from drinking water was determined by measuring
urinary and fecal excretion of 234U and 238U in eight
subjects. In order to establish their normal back-
grounds of uranium intake and excretion, the subjects
collected 24 hour total output of both urine and feces
for seven days prior to drinking water. During the next
day they drank, at their normal rate of drinking water
intake, 900 ml of water containing approximately 90
pCi 238U and 90 pCi 234U (273 meg U) and continued
to collect their urine and feces for seven additional
days. The G.l. absorption of 234U ranged from -0.07%
to 1.88% and G.l. absorption of 238U ranged from -
0.07% to 1.79%. Employing another technique for
analyzing the data, the G.l. absorption ranged from -
0.04 to 1.46% for 234U and from 0.03% to 1.43% for
238U. The dietary intake of U was also estimated from
measurements of urinary and fecal excretion of U in
eight subjects prior to drinking water containing U. The
estimated average dietary intake of U for these sub-
jects is 3.30 + or - 0.65 or 4.22 + or - 0.65 meg/day.
These averages are two to four times higher than the
values reported in the literature for dietary intake.
Keywords: 'Absorption(Biology), "Uranium, 'Potable
water, Radionuclides, Excretion, Feces, Urine,
Concentration(Composition), Metabolism.
PB88-103072/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
GC/MS Identification of Mutagens in Aqueous
Chlorinated Humlc Acid and Drinking Waters Fol-
lowing HPLC (High-Pressure Liquid Chromatogra-
phy) Fractionation of Strong Acid Extracts,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
W. E. Coleman, J. W. Munch, P. A. Hodakievic, F. C.
Kopfler, and J. R, Meier. Sep 87,27p EPA/600/D-87/
289
Prepared in cooperation with Cincinnati Univ., OH.
Dept. of Chemistry.
Recent publications indicate that mutagenic sub-
stances are formed when both humic material and
source water containing significant humic material are
chlorinated. Past studies have shown that the strong
acid fraction of ether extracts of chlorinated humic acid
(CHA) is very mutagenic. Fractionation using HPLC
has been used to separate the acid fraction further into
subtractions. Ames test results show all the mutagenic
activity in two HPLC fractions. The paper discusses the
identification of other substances in these mutagenic
HPLC fractions and compares the results of analysis of
CHA with 3 drinking water samples. The results indi-
cate that water containing humic material and chlorin-
ated under drinking water treatment conditions con-
tains many of the same types of mutagenic com-
pounds found in CHA solutions.
Keywords: "Chlorination, "Mutagens, "Potable water,
'Humic acids, Distillation, Toxicology, Water treat-
ment, Chemical removal(Water treatment). Water pol-
lution, Toxic substances.
PB88-103080/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
St. Marys River, Michigan: An Ecological Profile,
National Wetlands Research Center, Slidell, LA.
W. G. Duffy, and T. R. Batterson. May 87,157p
BIOLOG ICAL-85(7.10)
Library of Congress catalog card no. 87-600098. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Michigan State Univ., East
Lansing. Dept. of Fisheries and Wildlife. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
St. Marys River, the single outlet from Lake Superior,
flows between Michigan and Ontario and has formed
the International Border between the United States
and Canada since 1783. The monograph reviews the
published and unpublished ecological information
available for the St. Marys River.
Keywords: 'Aquatic biology, 'Water pollution, "Saint
Mary's River, Ecology, Invertebrates, Aquatic plants,
Birds, Amphibia, Reptiles, Nutrients, Biological produc-
tivity, Food chains, History, Stream flow, Michigan,
Habitats.
PB88-103130/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Variability of Infiltration in a Clay Layer of a Typic
Hapludult,
Agricultural Research Service, University Park, PA.
Northeast Watershed Research Center.
A. S. Rogowski, D. E. Simmons, and B. E. Weinrich.
Sep 87,28p EPA/600/D-87/273
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Variability associated with a clay layer compacted in
place was investigated using classical and geostatisti-
cal methods. Results showed that the geostatistical
approach produces more useful information about the
system studied. High variability among the flow param-
eters can more readily be explained using structural
analysis and kriging. Observed decreases in intrinsic
variability, as flows are averaged over larger volumes,
suggest that reasonable approximations of Darcy ve-
locity are possible in field situations. It is concluded
that variability of flow data need to be considered
when modeling or developing criteria for engineering
structures.
Keywords: 'Clay soils, 'Variability, 'Fluid infiltration,
'Soil mechanics. Geophysical surveys. Soil structure,
Soil water, Ground water, Mineralogy.
PB88-103148/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Electrophysiological Assessment of Sensory and
Cognitive Function in Children Exposed to Lead:
A Review,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Psrk NC
D. A.'Otto. Sep 87, 25p EPA/600/D-87/296
Studies of the effects of lead absorption on sensory
evoked and slow brain potentials in children are re-
viewed. Studies of slow wave voltage in children during
sensory conditioning indicated a linear relationship to
blood lead level in two studies; an effect that could not
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
be replicated in an independent sample of children.
Results of a fourth study indicated that slow voltage
measures were more sensitive to lead during active
rather than passive conditioning. Conflicting evidence
of lead effects on pattern-reversal visual evoked po-
tentials in children was found in three studies. Evi-
dence of increased latencies of brainstorm auditory
evoked potentials at blood lead levels above 25/dl
were reported in two studies. Sensory evoked poten-
tials hold considerable promise as noninvasive, clini-
cally valid, culture free measures of the effects of lead
exposure on sensory nerve conduction, but further
study is needed in humans and animals to clarify in-
consistencies in the existing literature.
Keywords: "Lead(Metal), 'Absorption, "Evoked poten-
tial, Electrophysiology, Neural transmission, Cognition,
Senses, Children.
PB88-103155/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Comput-
er Models Are Available to All,
Environmental Research Lab,, Athens, GA.
T. O. Barnwell, S. B. Vandergrift, and R. B. Ambrose.
1987, 6p EPA/600/M-87/025
Pub. in Water Quality International, v2 p19-21 Jun 87.
Supersedes PB87-175311.
Water quality models are used in conducting evalua-
tions of waste loads from point and nonpoint sources
and in pollutant exposure assessments. To encourage
the wider application of these techniques, the Office of
Research and Development of the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency established the Center for Water
Quality Modeling to provide a focal point for water
quality modeling activities. The Center supports sever-
al modeling techniques and computer programs for
water quality analysis ranging from techniques appro-
priate for preliminary analysis to sophisticated models
for detailed planning. The paper describes the models
supported by the Center and presents an overview of
the Center's activities, which include distribution and
maintenance of computer programs, training of users,
and sponsorship of a users group.
Keywords: "Water quality, "Mathematical models,
Computer applications. Water analysis, Technology
transfer, Maintenance, Water pollution, "Center for
Water Quality Modeling, Environmental Protection
Agency, Training.
PB88-103171/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Drinking Water Microbiology - New Directions
Toward Water Quality Enhancement,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research Div.
E. E. Geldreich. Sep 87, 39p EPA/600/D-87/298
Many concerns result from information on new water-
borne agents, treatment problems of raw water quali-
ties. biofilm development in some distribution systems,
and special quality needs unique to hospitals and in-
dustries. Protozoan cyst penetration after some disin-
fection practices involving surface water impound-
ments and virus occurrence in poorly protected
groundwaters justify expanding minimum surface
water treatments and the required disinfection of
groundwaters unless a demonstrative data base sup-
ports exceptions. Official monitoring of small supplies
must be increased and a rapid alert established to
inform plant operators of unsatisfactory qualities. Op-
tional tests to analyze water quality should be encour-
aged to allow prompt adjustments and corrections and
to supplement official monitoring. Improved supply to
hospitals and food industries is possible by systematic
flushing of plumbing networks and associated devices.
Disinfection or point-of-use devices may meet the
water quality requirements of special applications but
need careful monitoring and maintenance to prevent
water quality reversals.
Keywords: "Water quality. Potable water. Microbiolo-
gy, Water treatment, Ground water, Coliform bacteria,
Distribution systems, Monitoring.
PB88-103627/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
pH Buffering in Forest Soil Organic Horizons: Rel-
evance to Acid Precipitation. Journal article,
Cornell Univ. Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca,
NY. Dept. of Agronomy.
B. R. James, and S. J. Riha. C1986, 8p EPA/600/J-86/
404
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality, v15 n3 p229-234
1986. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
Samples of organic surface horizons (Oi, Oe, Oa) from
New York State forest soils were equilibrated with 0 to
20 cmol HN03 Kg(-1) soil in the laboratory by a batch
technique designed to simulate reactions of acid pre-
cipitation with forest floors. Each organic horizon re-
tained a constant percentage of added H(1+)(67-
96%) regardless of quantity added and buffer capac-
ities of the samples ranged from 18 to 36 cmol
(H + )kg-1(pH unit) (-1), an order of magnitude higher
than those measured in underlying mineral horizons.
Calcium was the dominant cation in unacidified equilib-
rium solutions, and its concentration changed the most
in response to acidification of the soils. Aluminum con-
tributed < 1 % to total cationic charge in solution and
Fe concentration decreased upon addition of up to at
least 5 cmol (H + )kg-1. From 38 to 79% of H + re-
moved by the soils was not balanced by increased in
soluble Ca, Mg, K, Mn, Fe, Zn, Al, and Cu, and buffer-
ing by soluble organic and inorganic constituents ac-
counted for 8 to 58% of H+ removal. (Copyright (c)
Journal of Environmental Quality 15:229-234,1986.)
Keywords: "pH, "Buffers(Chemistry), "Soil chemistry,
"Forest land, Soil analysis, Organic acids, Calcium,
Cations, Equilibrium solutions, Acidification, New York,
Reprints, "Acid rain.
PB88-103635/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Reaction of Ozone with Isolated Aquatic Fulvic
Acid. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
L. J. Anderson, J. D. Johnson, and R. F. Christman.
C1985, 8p EPA/600/J-85/499
Pub. in Organic Geochemistry, v8 n1 p65-69 1985.
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research
Lab.
Aquatic fulvic acid, isolated from a North Carolina bay
lake, was reacted with ozone, an alternative oxidant in
drinking water treatment. Ozonated samples were
acidified, extracted with other, dried, concentrated,
and methylated prior to GC-MS analysis. Identified re-
action products include mono-, di- and tribasic aliphat-
ic acids and benzene tricarboxylic acids. The products
with the highest relative concentrations were succinic
and malonic acid, although all products were at rela-
tively low concentration levels. Many of the products
identified in the study have also been seen among the
reaction products of fulvic acid and other oxidants,
such as Cl(2), CIO(2) and KMnO(4).
Keywords: "Ozone, Chemical reactions, North Caroli-
na, Lakes, Oxidation, Reprints, "Fulvic acid.
PB88-103718/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
(32)P-Postlabeling Analysis of DNA Adducts of
Two Nitrated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
in Rabbit Tracheal Epithelial Cells,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. E. Gallagher, I. G. C. Robertson, M. A. Jackson, A.
M. Dietrich, and L. M. Ball. Sep87,9p EPA/600/D-87/
240
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Health
Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park,
NC. Sponsored by North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
Dept. of Environmental Sciences and Engineering.
The 1-nitropyrene (1-NPP and 3-nitrofluoranthene (3-
NF) adducts have been analyzed by (32)P-postlabel-
ing and with 1-NP have been compared to the total
number of adducts estimated from (14)C binding in
rabbit trachael epithelial (RTE) DNA samples. One
adduct spot, by (32)P-postlabeling, was detected in
the DNA of RTE cells treated with (14)C-1-NP. The
adduct, at approximately 6 adducts 10-to the 9th
power nucleotides, represents a minor component of
the binding to RTE DNA being lesser than 1 % of the
total (14)C-radioactivity associated with the extracted
DNA. Treatment of RTE cells with unlabeled 3-NF re-
sulted in two adduct spots at approximately 12 ad-
ducts/ 10 to the 9th power. When the P1 nuclease
treatment was used as an alternative method both the
3-NF derived adducts previously detected following
the butanol extraction were absent.
Keywords: "Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, "Deox-
yribonucleic acids, "Cells(Biology), Epithelium, Tra-
chea, Rabbits, Marking.
PB88-103734/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Prevention Reference Manual: Chemical Specific.
Volume 12. Control of Accidental Releases of
Sulfur Dioxide. Final rept. Oct 86-Jun 87,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
D. S. Davis, G. B. DeWolf, J. D. Quass, and M. Stohs.
Sep 87,155p DCN-87-203-023-94-16, EPA/600/8-
87/034L
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
See also Volume 9, PB87-228664. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report discusses the control of accidental re-
leases of sulfur dioxide (S02) to the atmosphere. S02
has an IDLH (immediately dangerous to life and
health) concentration of 100 ppm, making it an acute
toxic hazard. Reducing the risk associated with an ac-
cidental release of S02 involves identifying some of
the potential causes of accidental releases that apply
to the processes that use S02. The manual identifies
examples of potential causes and measures that may
be taken to reduce the accidental release risk. Such
measures include recommendations on: plant design
practices; prevention, protection, and mitigation tech-
nologies; and operation and maintenance practices.
Conceptual cost estimates of possible prevention, pro-
tection, and mitigation measures are provided.
Keywords: "Accident, "Sulfur dioxide, "Toxicity, "Pol-
lution, Manuals, Risk, Industrial plants, Design, Pre-
vention, Cost estimates, Public health, Recommenda-
tions, Maintenance, Hazards, Inspection,
Tables(Data), Standards, Chemical releases.
PB88-103742/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Formation and Distribution of Organic N-QNora*
mines from the Ingestion of Chlorinated Drinking
Water. Summary rept.,
Old Dominion Univ., Norfolk, VA.
F. E. Scully, and D. E. Sonenshine. Sep 87,79p EPA/
600/1-87/008
Grant EPA-R-810459
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Because amino nitrogen compounds are important
components of the average diet, the reactions of hypo-
chlorite with amino compounds in the stomach were
investigated. Stomach fluid was recovered from fasted
Sprague-Dawley rats and the chlorine demand deter-
mined. An average volume-independent demand of
2.7 mg chlorine was measured. At doses below 40
mg/L chlorine reducing reactions appeared to account
for reduction of all oxidizing species within 15 min as
measured by the FAS-DPD titrimetric method. Part of
the chlorine demand was associated with amino acids
present in the stomach fluid. When stomach fluid was
chlorinated to concentrations of chlorine between 200
and 1000 mg/L, organic N-chloramines were formed.
Three chloramino acid derivatives, N-chloroalanine, N-
chloroglycine, and N-chlorophenylalanine, were tenta-
tively identified following derivatization with dansylaut-
finic acid by cochromatography. The yield of organic
chloroamines that could form in stomach fluid on ad-
ministration of hypochlorite to animals was determined
using tritiated piperidine as a model compound and
doses of 200 and 1000 mg/L chlorine. A series of
pharmacokinetic studies were conducted in male and
female Sprague-Dawley rats employing (3)-N~chloco-
piperidine and (36)CI-chloropiperidine as test com-
pounds and (3)H- piperidine and (36)CI-chloride as
control compounds. A relationship between the reten-
tion of the (36)CI activity in the pharmacokinetic stud-
ies and formation of (36)CI-chloroorganic compounds
in vitro is discussed.
Keywords: "Chlorination, "Amines, 'Toxicity, "Potable
water, Byproducts, Amino acids, Chlorine organic
compounds, Hypochlorites, Gastric juice, Chemical re-
actions. Contaminants, "Chloramines, "Health haz-
ards.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-103767/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Chlorination to Prevent and Control Waterborne
Diseases. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH. Toxicol-
ogy and Microbiology Div.
E. C. Lippy 1986, 6p EPA/600/J-86/401
Pub. in Jnl. of American Water Works Association, v78
n1 p49-52 Jan 86
An analysis of statistics compiled on outbreaks of wa-
terborne disease from 1946 to 1980 and from 1965 to
1982 showed that disinfection was not provided where
it was needed and was not properly operated where it
was provided. Chlorine concentration, contact time,
pH, temperature, and interfering substances all must
be evaluated to determine disinfection requirements.
Use of reliable chlorination facilities and proper appli-
cation of current technology can control and prevent
waterborne diseases.
Keywords: 'Chlorination, Concentration(Composition),
Disinfection, pH, Potable water, Microgrganism
control(Water), Enteroviruses, Bacterial diseases,
'Disease control.
PB88-103775/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Statistical Models for Water Main Failures. Final
rept.,
Massachusetts Inst, of Tech., Cambridge. Dept. of Civil
Engineering.
D. H. Marks, S. Andreou, L. Jeffrey, C. Park, and A.
Zaslavsky. Sep 87,119p EPA/600/5-87/003
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
A detailed statistical analysis of pipe break records
from New Haven, Connecticut, and Cincinnati, Ohio,
water distribution systems focussed on deriving pre-
dictive models for pipe failure probabilities at the indi-
vidual pipe level. The statistical methodology of the
proportional hazards model was applied to estimate
failure probabilities in the earlier phases of pipe dete-
rioration. Another set of models, derived for pipes with
frequent multiple breaks, assumed a roughly constant
break rate for the later breaks. These methodologies
were useful in statistically describing the failure proc-
ess and in distinguishing those pipes which were most
likely to break. The models provided insights into fac-
tors contributing to breaks, such as pressure, land de-
velopment, soil corrosivity, and the age of the pipe.
Water utilities can use the modeling of the probabilities
of pipe maintenance events over time in formulating
strategies for repair, replacement, and rehabilitation.
Keywords: "Water pipelines, 'Breaking, Failure, Statis-
tical analysis, Mathematical models, Cincinnati(Ohio),
New Haven(Connecticut).
PB88-103783/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for n-
Propyl Alcohol.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
May 83, 41 p EPA/600/X-84/116
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for n-
Propyl Alcohol was prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Crite-
ria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous
constituents of a wide range of waste streams under
Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act (RCRA). Both published literature and infor-
mation obtained from Agency program office files were
evaluated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Exist-
ing data are insufficient to determine an Acceptable
Daily Intake (ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for
n-Propyl Alcohol.
Keywords: 'Propanols, Exposure, Toxicity. Hazardous
materials, Solvents, 'Health risks, 'Environmental ef-
fects, Toxic substances, CAS 71-23-8.
PB88-103791/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
New Directions in Oxidant By-Product Research:
Identification and Significance. Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
R. F. Christman, D. L. Norwood, and J. D. Johnson.
C1985, 18p EPA/600/J-85/500
Grant EPA-R-810532
Pub. in Science of the Total Environment, v47 p195-
210 1985. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research
Lab.
Exciting new research in the field of oxidant by-prod-
ucts in drinking water and wastewater is progressing
along three main lines: (1) investigation into the mech-
anism of the aquatic humic/aqueous chlorine reaction:
(2) correlation, of by-product identity and yield with mu-
tagenic activity; and (3) analysis of previously intracta-
ble organic by-products such as high molecular weight
polar substances and N-chloroorganic compounds.
Just as earlier research was stimulated by the develop-
ment of the combined gas chromatograph/mass spec-
trometer, these new investigations have been fostered
by the development of new analytical methods such as
solid state C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectros-
copy, extended mass range mass spectrometry, new
ionization techniques such as fast atom bombardment
and combined liquid chromatography/mass spectrom-
etry. Application of these new techniques is allowing
these and many other important public health ques-
tions to be addressed. (Copyright (c) 1985 Elsevier
Science Publishers B.V.)
Keywords: 'Oxidizers, 'Byproducts, Potable water.
Waste water, Humic acids, Mutagens, Organic com-
pounds, Chlorination, Nuclear magnetic resonance,
Mass spectroscopy, Reprints.
PB88-103809/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Operational Variables and the Release of Colo-
nized Granular Activated Carbon Particles in
Drinking Water. Journal article,
Montana State Univ., Bozeman.
A. K. Camper, S. C. Broadaway, M. W. LeChevallier,
and G. A. McFeters. c1987, 7p EPA/600/J-87/080
Grant EPA-R-810015
Pub. in Jnl. of American Water Works Association, v79
n5 p70-74 May 87. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
Laboratory and field studies were conducted to deter-
mine the impact of granular activated carbon (GAC)
drinking water filters and various operational variables
on the release of populated filtration medium into fin-
ished water. Initially, various filtration media were com-
pared. In laboratory column experiments, the surfaces
of GAC, sand, and anthracite particles were populated
to the same level with heterotrophic plate count (HPC)
bacteria. However, GAC supported greater numbers of
the coliform Klebsiella oxytoca than the other two
media. A comparison of the media from operating
drinking water filters showed that GAC-filtered water
contained particles with attached HPC and coliform
bacteria to a greater extent than sand- and anthracite-
treated water. The involvement of various operational
variables in the increased release of populated fines
was evaluated at two facilities. (Copyright (c) Journal
of American Water Works Association, 79(5): 70-74,
May 1987.)
Keywords: 'Activated carbon treatment, "Water treat-
ment, Filtration, Potable water, Coliform bacteria, Kleb-
siella, Fines, Water pollution. Reprints.
PB88-103817/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
English-Russian, Russian-English Glossary of
Coal Cleaning Terms,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. Pekar. Sep 87,119pEPA/600/8-87/047
The document is an English-Russian, Russian-English
glossary of coal cleaning terms, compiled as a joint
U.S./Soviet effort. The need for the glossary resulted
from the growing number of language-specific terms
used during information exchanges within the frame-
work of the U.S./U.S.S.R. Working Group on Station-
ary Source Air Pollution Control Technology, under the
U.S./U.S.S.R. Agreement of Cooperation in the Field
of Environmental Protection.
Keywords: 'Coal preparation, 'Dictionaries, "Air pollu-
tion control, Cleaning, Environmental protection, Eng-
lish language, Russian language. Stationary sources.
PB88-103825/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Direct/Delayed Response Project: Quality Assur-
ance Plan for Soil Sampling, Preparation, and
Analysis,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
J. K. Bartz, S. K. Drouse, K. A. Cappo, M. L. Papp. and
G. A. Raab. Sep 87, 424p EPA/600/8-87/021
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Corvallis, OR. Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring
Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The Direct/Delayed Response Project (DDRP) fo-
cuses on regions of the United States that have been
identified as potentially sensitive to surface water
acidification. The Northeastern Soil Survey includes
the New England states of Maine, New Hampshire,
Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode
Island, and portions of New York and Pennsylvania.
The Southeastern Soil Survey, conducted in the phy-
siographic region known as the Southern Blue Ridge
Province, includes the bordering portions of Tennes-
see, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. The
specific goals of the DDRP soil surveys are (1) to
define soil-physical and chemical characteristics and
other watershed characteristics across these regions,
(2) to assess the variability of these characteristics,
and (3) to determine which of these characteristics are
related most strongly to surface-water chemistry.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Soil properties, 'Soil sur-
veys, "Water pollution, Physical properties, Chemical
properties, Watershed, Surface waters, Sampling, Col-
lecting methods, Quality assurance, Accuracy, Accept-
ability, Laboratories, Preparation, pH, Particle size,
Chemical analysis, Equipment, United States, New
England, Southern regions(United States).
PB88-103833/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Tetra-, Penta- and Hexachlorodlbenzo-P-Dloxins.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Aug 84,222p EPA/600/X-84/115
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Tetra-, Penta- and Hexachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxins was
prepared by the Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste to
support listings of hazardous constituents of a wide
range of waste streams under Section 3001 of the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Both
published literature and information obtained from
Agency program office files were evaluated as they
pertained to potential human health, aquatic life and
environmental effects of hazardous waste constitu-
ents. Quantitative estimates have been presented pro-
vided sufficient data are available. Existingdata are in-
sufficient to determine an Acceptable Daily Intake
(ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for Tetra-,
Penta- and Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, Streams, Water pollu-
tion, "Health and Environmental Effects Profiles, 'Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act, Carcinogene-
sis, Acceptable daily intake, Toxic substances, Phar-
macokinetics, Hexachlorodibenzodioxins, Tetrachloro-
dibenzodioxins, Pentachlorodibenzodioxins.
PB88-103841/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Mutagenic Potential of Municipal Sewage Sludge
and Sludge Amended Soil,.
Texas A and M Univ., College Station.
K. C. Donnelly, K. W. Brown, and C. P. Chisum. Sep 87,
32p EPA/600/D-87/259
Grant EPA-R-812037
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Twelve municipal wastewater treatment plant sludges
were collected and extracted by sequential extraction
with methylene chloride and methanol on a Soxhlet
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
apparatus. Each of three sludge fractions, i.e., methyl-
ene chloride, methanol, and a combined fraction (36
fractions total) were tested in the Salmonella/micro-
some assay. Only one of the sludge fractions induced
a positive response in the absence of metabolic acti-
vation, and 12 fractions induced a doubling of rever-
tant colonies at two or more consecutive dose levels
with activation. The maximum mutagenic response ob-
served with strain TA98 in a methylene chloride frac-
tion was 120 net revertants at a dose level of 10 mg of
extract per plate. The maximum response induced by
the methanol and combined fractions was 89 net re-
vertants, induced by a municipal sludge with 20% in-
dustrial contribution, and 61 net revertants, induced by
a municipal sludge with 19% industrial contribution, re-
spectively, both tested with strain TA98 at a dose level
of 5 mg of extract per plate. These results indicate that
there will be substantial differences in the mutagenic
potential of municipal sludges from a single source and
from different sources.
Keywords: "Sludge, "Mutagens, Waste water, Water
treatment, Microbiology, Soil science, Sewage dispos-
al, Environment effects.
PB88-103858/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Biological Treatment of High Strength Pharma-
ceutical Wastewater-A Case History Using PAC
(Powdered Activated Carbon) Technology. Rept
for Mar-Aug 87,
Radian Corp., Milwaukee, Wl.
R. Osantowski, D. Gardner, C. R. Dempsey, and K. A.
Dostal. Sep 87, 30p EPA/600/D-87/283
Contract EPA-68-03-3371
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
From September to December 1984 pharmaceutical
wastewater containing high concentrations of total
chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) was treated in trailer
mounted, activated sludge pilot plants. Three systems
were operated in parallel. Powdered activated carbon
(PAC) was added to two of the units and the third was
operated as a control. A viscous floating mass of
mixed liquor solids (VFMLS) developed in the PAC fed
units and resulted in premature termination of the
study. A follow-up study was conducted at this same
pharmaceutical plant from March to July 1987. Again,
three trailer mounted, activated sludge pilot plants
were operated in parallel with PAC added to two of
them and the third operated as a control. The paper
presents important findings of this 1987 study regard-
ing the (1) attempt to identify the cause of the VFMLS;
(2) TCOD removal by PAC addition to a biological
treatment plant; (3) specific organic chemical removal;
and (4) aquatic toxicity removal.
Keywords: "Activated carbon treatment, "Waste
water, Biochemical oxygen demand, Sludge, Effluents,
Toxicity, Organic compounds, Water pollution, Re-
prints, Powdered activated carbon, Pollution control,
Point sources.
PB88-103866/HSU	PC A03/MF AOI
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Semi-Empirical Mass Balance Approach for Esti-
mating Primary Emissions of Reactive Species
from an Urban-Industrial Complex,
Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO. Dept. of Mechanical
Engineering.
J. S. Ching, N. V. Gillani, and W. H. White. Sep 87,24p
EPA/600/D-87/257
Contract EPA-68-02-4449
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
A semi-empirical mass balance method for indirect es-
timation of urban NOx, and Volatile organic com-
pounds emissions are described. It requires measure-
ment of ambient concentrations of these precursors at
urban inflow and outflow boundaries and of the local
wind field. In the mass balance, the effect of chemical
transformations and removal of the mass balance spe-
cies (primary as well as secondary) is estimated by
means of a crosswind-resolved reactive plume model.
As part of an on-going EPA-sponsored project, the
method will be applied to existing field data of four
eastern U.S. urban areas. The existing data bases
were not developed for the present purpose, and are
much less than ideal. The outline of a design field
study specifically aimed at the current objectives is
also described.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Urban areas, "Atmospheric
circulation, Mathematical models, Nitrogen oxides, Ex-
haust emissions, Plumes, Measurement, Estimates,
Sampling, Volatility, Organic compounds, "Mass bal-
ance method.
PB88-104104/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Design
Information Report: Design, Operational, and Cost
Considerations for Vacuum Assisted Sludge
Dewatering Bed Systems. Journal article,
Montgomery (James M.), Inc., Pasadena, CA.
A. J. Condren, A. T. Wallace, I. A. Cooper, and J. F.
Kreissl. C1987, 9p EPA/600/J-87/078
Contract EPA-68-03-1821
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
v59 n4 p228-234 Apr 87. Prepared in cooperation with
HDR Infrastructure, Denver, CO., and Idaho Univ.,
Moscow. Dept. of Civil Engineering. Sponsored by En-
vironmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water
Engineering Research Lab.
The vacuum assisted sludge dewatering bed (VASDB)
process is a U.S. technology developed in the mid-
1970s as an alternative to the more conventional
sludge drying bed process. At the present time three
manufacturers are marketing VASDB systems. Al-
though the application of the technology has been in-
creasing since the mid-1970s, operational system
design, performance and cost information has not
been amassed, analyzed and interpreted. During the
course of the investigation, twelve operational VASDB
systems were visited. Data and information from these
twelve sites, as well as from other sources, were ana-
lyzed with the goal of identifying design and operation-
al considerations which might be expected to yield
supplemental cost-effectiveness, flexibility and reliabil-
ity to the VASDB process. (Copyright (c) Journal
WPCF, Volume 59, Number 4, April 1987.)
Keywords: "Sludge disposal, "Dewatering, "Sludge
drying, "Vacuum filtration, Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, Cost analysis, Cost comparison,
Waste treatment, Technology innovation, Municipali-
ties, Beds(Process engineering), Reprints.
PB88-104112/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Activated Biofiltration and Activated
Bloflltration/Activated Sludge Technologies. Jour-
nal article,
Montgomery (James M.), Inc., Pasadena, CA.
M. L. Arora, and M. B. Umphres. C1987,10p EPA/600/
J-87/075
Contract EPA-68-03-1821
Pub. in Jnl. Water Pollution Control Federation, v59 n4
p183-190 Apr 87. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
The paper presents the results of a review and investi-
gation of the activated biofilter (ABF) and activated
biofilter/activated sludge (ABF/AS) technologies and
a review of operating records of several municipal
plants in the U.S. using these technologies. The over-
all objective of the study was to understand and evalu-
ate the background and performance of these technol-
ogies. To meet that objective, a series of steps were
planned and executed. These included a visit to the
ABF system manufacturer to obtain copies of the
patent, design brochures and articles, list of installa-
tions, and operational data from several facilities. After
reviewing this information, 43 facilities, each treating
domestic wastewater and having a minimum design
capacity of 3790 cu m/day (1 mgd), were contacted to
obtain general information such as other unit process-
es at the facility, performance and age of the system,
and operator satisfaction with the process.
Keywords: "Activated sludge process, "Water treat-
ment plants, Waste water. Technology assessment.
Cost analysis, Reprints.
890 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB88-104120/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Reproductive Toxicity Associated with Acrylam-
ide Treatment in Male and Female Rats. Journal ar-
ticle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
H. Zenick, E. Hope, and M. K. Smith. c1986,18p EPA/
600/J-86/402
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health,
v17 n4 p457-472 Nov 86. Prepared in cooperation with
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Dept. of Environmental Health.
The present study was designed to evaluate the influ-
ence of acrylamide (ACR) on male and female repro-
ductive function. Male rats received ACR in drinking
water (50,100, or 200 ppm) for up to 10 wk. Copulatory
behavior, semen, and (for controls and 100 ppm only)
fertility and fetal outcomes were evaluated. Females
received ACR (25, 50, 100 ppm) for 2 wk prior to initi-
ation of breeding and then throughout gestation and
lactation. Hindlimb splaying was apparent in the 200-
ppm males by wk 4; less severe splaying appeared in
the 100-ppm group at wk 8. Disruptions in copulatory
behavior preceded the appearance of this ataxia.
These disruptions in mating performance interfered
with ejaculatory processes and subsequent transport
of sperm, since semen was found in the uterus of only
1 of the 15 females mated with the 10 -ppm males at
wk 9. Moreover, only 33% of the females mated (wk
10) to the 100-ppm males were pregnant. Postimplan-
tation loss was also significantly increased in the
group. Hindlimb splaying appeared in the females re-
ceiving 100 ppm ACR during wk 1-2 of pregnancy.
Body weight and fluid intake were also depressed.
Dams in the 50-ppm group showed depression in
these parameters during the last 2 wk of lactation.
ACR did not significantly affect mating performance of
the females, pregnancy rates, litter size, or survival.
However, ACR did significantly depress pup body
weight at birth (100-ppm group) and weight gain during
lactation through postweaning, d 42 (50- and 100-ppm
groups). Vaginal patency was delayed in the 100-ppm
group only.
Keywords: "Reproduction(Biology), "Toxicity, Muta-
gens, Sex behavior, Breeding, Fertility, Rats, Reprints
Acrylamides, "Toxic substances, Ataxia.
PB88-104138/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Methods and Results of Characterization of Or-
ganic Emissions from an Indoor Material. Journal
article,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. C. Sanchez, M. Mason, andC. Norris. C1987, 18d
EPA/600/J-87/070
Contracts EPA-68-02-3988, EPA-68-02-3994
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v21 n2.p337-345
Feb 87. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lab.
The paper presents the method and example results
for determing organic air emissions from a common
indoor material (a water-based adhesive). A well in-
strumented and characterized 0.166 cu m stainless
steel test chamber was used to ventilate sample mate-
rials at controlled air change rates, temperatures, and
relative humidities. The test chamber outlet air stream
was sampled using Tenax (1.6 g) filled glass car-
tridges. The Tenax sample cartridges were then ther-
mally desorbed for further concentration onto a
Nutech model 8528 purge-and-trap system and de-
sorption to a packed-column gas chromatograph for
analysis. Organic emissions were quantified on spe-
cies-specific and total-organics bases. Test chamber
concentrations of total organics for the adhesive were
observed to diminish with time. Calculated emission
rates for the adhesive were determined to be 95 micro-
grams/g/hr after ventilation at 1.77 air changes per
hour (ACHs) for 10 hr, and 259 micrograms/g/hr after
24-hr ventilation at 3.6 ACHs. (Copyright (c) Atmos-
pheric Environment 1987.)
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Emission, "Air pol-
lution, Ventilation, Temperature, Humidity, Mathemati.
cal models, Volatility, "Buildings, Adhesives, Station-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-104146/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Characterization of Emissions from Combustion
Sources: Controlled Studies. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
W. G, Tucker. 1987,6p EPA/600/J-87/072
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment. v21 n2 p281-284
Feb 87.
The paper summarizes Session I papers (given at the
EPA Workshop on Characterization of Contaminant
Emissions from Indoor Sources, Chapel Hill, NC, May
1985) that illustrate the progress made to date on
characterizing indoor combustion emissions from un-
vented space heaters, gas appliances, and sidestream
cigarette smoke. The state of knowledge of such emis-
sions and their controllability is summarized by four
general statements: (1) Unvented gas-fired appliances
are important sources of indoor CO and NOx, but not
of organic emissions; (2) Important combustion
sources of indoor organics, include smoking and pos-
sibly kerosene heaters; (3) The extent of the problems
of leakage from vented appliances is simply not
known; (4) Indoor combustion sources do not appear
to present major problems with controllability, if source
removal is an acceptable alternative. From an engi-
neering standpoint, the most challenging issue is
burner design changes for unvented appliances.
Keywords: 'Emission, Air pollution, Combustion prod-
ucts, Kerosene, Space heaters, Fireplaces, Gas heat-
ers, Smoking, Particles, Fuel oil, Reprints, "Indoor air
pollution, Stationary sources, Particulates.
PB88-104153/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Screening Methods for the Identification of Or-
ganic Emissions from Indoor Air Pollution
Sources. Journal article,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. G. Merrill, R. S. Steiber, R. F. Martz, and L. H.
Nelms. c1987,8p EPA/600/J-87/071
Contract EPA-68-02-3988
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v21 n2 p331-336
Feb 87. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses screening methods for identifying
organic emissions from indoor air pollution sources.
The development of on-line gas chromatographic (GC)
screening procedures is necessary to permit subse-
quent evaluation of materials in test chamber studies.
The screening uses techniques such as static vapor-
phase sampling by headspace methods, and a dynam-
ic method similar to the purge-and-trap procedures
used for determining volatile organic compounds in
water samples. These are methods of sampling that
simulate chamber conditions on a small scale, while al-
lowing emissions to be collected and analyzed. The
evaluation is done to select GC columns and develop
operating conditions that will permit the rapid and reli-
able separation of chemical compounds generated
during testing. The GC procedure is used in the quali-
tative identification of chemical compounds by GC/
mass spectrometry (MS). After identification of the
compounds or their chemical classes, representative
members are selected as calibration standards for the
actual emission testing program.
Keywords: 'Emissions, Gas chromatography, Mass
spectroscopy, Organic compounds, Volatility, Re-
prints, 'Air pollution control, 'Indoor air pollution.
PB88-104161/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Identification of Cryptosporidium' Oocysts in
River Water. Journal article,
Washington Univ., Seattle.
J E. Ongerth. and H, H. Stibbs. C1987, 7p EPA/600/J-
87/073
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v53
n4 p672-676 Apr 87. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab.. Research Triangle Park, NC.
Water samples were collected from four rivers in
Washington State and two rivers in California and ex-
amined for the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts.
Oocyst-sized particles were concentrated from 20-liter
samples of water by membrane filtration, centrifuga-
tion and differential sedimentation. The particle con-
centrate was then deposited on a 25-mm-diameter
membrane filter for oocyst identification by indirect im-
munofluorescence assay. The identification procedure
had a limit of detection of about five oocysts per liter.
Cryptosporidium oocysts were found in each of 11
river water samples examined. Concentrations ranged
from 2 to 112 oocysts per liter. The finding of Crypto-
sporidium oocysts in all samples examined from six
western rivers is noteworthy in light of recent reports
indicating that Cryptosporidium sp. is a significant
agent of human and animal disease. This finding sug-
gests that waterborne oocysts of this parasite are
more important than was previously recognized.
(Copyright (c) 1987, American Society for Microbiolo-
gy)
Keywords: 'Protozoa, "Rivers, 'Water pollution, Sam-
pling, Particles, Identifying, Diseases vectors, Humans,
Animals, Parasites, Chemical analysis, Spatial distribu-
tion, Washington(State), California, Reprints, 'Crypto-
sporidium, Water borne diseases.
PB88-104179/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Lung Cancer and Indoor Air Pollution in Xuan Wei,
China. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. L. Mumford, X. Z. He, R. S. Chapman, S. R. Cao, and
D. B. Harris. c1987, 7p EPA/600/J-87/074
Pub. in Science, v235 p217-220 Jan 87. Prepared in
cooperation with Institute of Environmental Health and
Engineering, Beijing (China), Yunnan Province Anti-
epidemic Station, Kunming (China), and Battelle Co-
lumbus Div., OH.
Xuan Wei County, China has an unusually high lung
cancer mortality rate that cannot be attributed to to-
bacco use or occupational exposure. Most Xuan Wei
residents, especially women, are exposed domestical-
ly to smoke from unvented, open pit coal/wood fires
used for cooking and heating. Samples collected
during combustion of smoky coal, smokeless coal, and
wood were examined for physical and chemical char-
acteristics and for mutagenicity in the Ames Salmonel-
la mutagenesis assay. Samples collected in two com-
munes in which lung cancer rates are high and smoky
coal is the predominant fuel contained high concentra-
tions of submicron particles of high organic content.
Indoor levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in
these communes were comparable to occupational
exposure levels. Samples from homes in a wood-burn-
ing commune that has a low lung cancer rate, on the
other hand, mostly consisted of larger particles of
lower organic content. Extracts of these samples, con-
taining mostly polar compounds displayed little muta-
genicity. (Copyright (c) 1987 by the American Associa-
tion for the Advancement of Science.)
Keywords: 'Malignant neoplasms, 'Carcinogens, 'Air
pollution, 'Smoke, Exposure, Polycyclic aromatic hy-
drocarbons, Respiratory diseases, Toxicity, Hazardous
materials, Environmental surveys, Combustion prod-
ucts, Coal, Reprints, 'Indoor air pollution, Xuan Wei
County(China).
PB88-104187/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Sensitivity of Agricultural Ecological System
Models and Implications for Vulnerability to Toxic
Chemicals. Journal article,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
S6drch Center
R. N. Kickert. c1984,18p EPA/600/J-84/406
Grant EPA-R-809981
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v3
P309-324 1984. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., OR.
Published results of sensitivity experiments on agricul-
tural models by international authors are analyzed with
a simple univariate sensitivity index. Values for system
parameter and response-effects at ratios greater than
2.0 or 3.0 are presented for different crop plants, eco-
system components and processes. Responses are
ranked according to their level of sensitivity to direct
and indirect changes that conceivably could be im-
posed by manufactured chemicals. Of several hundred
agricultural modeling publications, only 8.5% was
found to contain results from sensitivity analysis ex-
periments performed by their original authors. The low
proportion means that environmental interactions and
biological species other than those for which such re-
sults are published might be of equal or greater sensi-
tivity and importance if comprehensive sensitivity anal-
yses were available across all crops and ecological
processes. (Copyright (c) 1984 SETAC.)
Keywords: 'Sensitivity, 'Farm crops, 'Ecology,
Stress(Physiology), Mathematical models, Responses,
Exposure, Toxicity, Ranking, Multivariate analysis,
Cotton plants, Corn plants, Tomato plants, Grasses,
Vulnerability, Reprints, 'Chemicals, Ecosystems.
PB88-104195/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Computer-Based Land Classification for Manage-
ment of Hazardous Waste. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
M. A. Shirazi, S. A. Peterson, L. Lowrie, and J. W. Hart.
C1986, 27p EPA/600/J-86/405
Pub. in Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials, v3
n1 p77-100 Mar 86. Prepared in cooperation with Nor-
throp Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
The classifications of land based on regional attributes
of climate, geology and biota is facilitated by using a
computer to organize and correlate existing data
bases into generalized maps useful for environmental
research and resource management. A procedure for
producing generalized low resolution ecological maps
is discussed and an outline describing the use of the
maps in the management of hazardous waste is pre-
sented. While the focus of many hazardous waste
studies is upon human health effects, the emphasis of
the approach is on ecological effects. The mapping is
a part of the EPA Corvallis Environmental Research
Laboratory's Assessment Program. The program ex-
amines the bioavailability of complex chemicals from
hazardous waste sites using laboratory bioassays.
Since bioavailability can be influenced directly by the
soil environment within the context of regional biology,
geology, and climate, the ecological maps described in
the paper can be useful in defining hazardous waste
bioavailability potentials on a regional basis. (Copyright
(c) Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials.
Volume 3, Number 1,1986.)
Keywords: 'Mapping, "Land, 'Hazardous materials.
Classifying, Ecology, Environments, Climate, Geology,
Bioclimatology, Biogeography, Reprints, 'Hazardous
wastes, Computer aided mapping, Computer applica-
tions.
PB88-104203/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Carcinogen Assessment Group.
Cumulative Exposure to Arsenic and Its Relation-
ship to Respiratory Cancer among Copper Smelt-
er Employees. Journal article,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. School of Public Health.
A. Lee-Feldstein. c1986,9p EPA/600/J-86/403
Contract EPA-68-03-3108
Pub. in Jnl. of Occupational Medicine, v28 n4 p296-
302 Apr 86. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Carcinogen Assessment
Group.
To explore the role of arsenic as a human carcinogen,
the respiratory cancer mortality experience (1938 to
1977) of 8,045 white male smelter employees in Mon-
tana was examined relative to cumulative exposure to
arsenic trioxide and was compared with that of the
white male population of the same region. Exposure to
arsenic was estimated for various work areas from in-
dustrial hygiene reports of average concentrations
present in the smelter. Respiratory cancer mortality
was analyzed further by time period of first employ-
ment and maximum lifetime exposure to arsenic triox-
ide. When exposure was estimated with arithmetic
means of measured concentrations among men first
employed prior to 1925, respiratory cancer mortality in-
creased linearly with increasing cumulative exposure
group, ranging from two to nine times expected;
among those first employed in the period 1925 to 1947
it also increased linearly with increasing cumulative ex-
posure group.
Keywords: "Arsenic, "Malignant neoplasms, 'Industri-
al medicine, "Copper industry, Respiratory system,
Carcinogens, Smelting, Reprints, Cancer.
PB88-104229/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Microcomputer Control of an Estuarlne Research
Mesocosm Facility. Journal article,
Oregon State Univ., Newport. Hatfield Marine Science
Center.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
B. E. Thomson, and R. C. Worrest. C1986, 13p EPA/
600/J-86/408
Grant EPA-R-810288
Pub. in Jnl. of Microcomputer Applications, v9 p167-
177 Jul 86, Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
The paper describes the application of microcomputer
technology to laboratory-oriented ecosystem re-
search. The instrumentation offers the ability to moni-
tor and manipulate variables of interest on a 'real time'
basis. The microcomputer oontrol system was found to
be reliable and accurate in controlling key environmen-
tal parameters. (Copyright (c) 1986 Academic Press
Inc. (London) Limited.)
Keywords: "Environmental impacts, "Ecology, 'Estu-
aries, Pollution, Laboratories, Greenhouses, Control
equipment, Environments, Reliability, Accuracy,
Design, Research projects, Reprints, 'Microcomput-
ers, Computer applications.
PB88-104237/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Comparison of Three Methods for Measurement
of Atmospheric Nitric Acid and Aerosol Nitrate
and Ammonium. Journal article,
Atmospheric Environment Service, Downsview (Ontar-
io).
K. G. Anlauf, P. Fellin, H. A. Wiebe, H. I. Schiff, and G.
I. Mackay. c1985,11 p EPA/600/J-85/495
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v19 n2 p325-333
1985. Prepared in cooperation with Unisearch Associ-
ates, Inc., Concord (Ontario), and University of South
Florida, Tampa. Sponsored by Environmental Sci-
ences Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Three methods for measuring gaseous ambient nitric
acid in the low concentration range 0-15 mcg/cum
were compared under field conditions in southwestern
Ontario during June 1-14, 1982. The methods em-
ployed were (1) tunable diode laser absorption, (2) a
tungstic acid denuder tube, and (3) a filter pack con-
taining a Teflon-nylon-W41 filter combination operated
over 3-hour sampling periods. In general, the three
methods measured nitric acid with adequate sensitivity
(sub ppb) and they correlated reasonably over the low
ambient concentrations considered here. However,
there were some notable differences (up to a factor of
2 at night) by the tungstic acid and filter pack methods.
These correlated well but again some differences were
observed. During the field comparison, particulate ni-
trate and ammonium were also measured (0-6 mcg/cu
m range) by the tungstic acid and filter pack methods.
These correlated well but again some differences were
observed. (Copyright (c) 1985 Pergamon Press Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Atmospherics, 'Measurement, Aerosols,
Nitric acid, Ammonium compounds, Air pollution, Parti-
cles, Photochemical reactions. Reprints, Air pollution
sampling, Nitrates, Acid rain.
PB88-104245/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Decline of Red Spruce in the Adirondacks, New
York. Journal article,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
J. T. Scott, T. G. Siccama, A. H. Johnson, and A. R.
Breisch. C1984, 9p EPA/600/J-84/405
Grant EPA-R-806912
Pub. in Bulletin of the Torrey Botannical Club, vl 11 n4
p438-444 Oct-Dec 84. Prepared in cooperation with
State Univ. of New York at Albany. Dept. of Atmos-
pheric Science, Yale Univ., New Haven, CT„ and
Pennsylvania Univ., Philadelphia. Dept. of Geology.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Thirty-two stands in the spruce-fir forests of Whiteface
Mountain in the Adirondacks, originally sampled from
1964-66, were resurveyed in 1982. From 10-25 Bitter-
lich points were used in each stand in 1982 to obtain
an estimate of basal area per hectare. Data were sum-
marized for low elevation (< 900m) and high elevation
(> or ^ 900m) forests. Red spruce declined by 40-
60% in basal area tor the low elevation forests and by
60-70% above 900m. Balsam fir decreased by 35% at
high elevations, due to natural disturbance in several
of the stands, but was unchanged when only undis-
turbed stands were considered. The decline of red
spruce accounted for about three quarters of the total
decrease in basal area for both the high and low eleva-
tion forests. Spruce seedling frequency for the high
elevation sample decreased by 80%, but was un-
changed below 900m. The pattern of spruce decline in
the Adirondacks is similar to findings for New England.
The cause of the decline is speculative at the time.
(Copyright (c) 1984 Torrey Botanical Club.)
Keywords: Trees(Plants), Ecology, Air pollution, At-
mospheric sciences, Forestry, Reprints, "Forest de-
cline, 'Red spruce, Picea rubens, Environment pollu-
tion, Biodeterioration, Adironducks(New York).
PB88-104252/HSU	PC A03/ M F A01
Use of Sensory Evoked Potentials in Neurotoxi-
city Testing of Workers,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Neurotoxicology Div.
D. A. Otto. 1986, 11 p EPA/600/J-86/391
Pub. in Seminars in Occupational Medicine, v1 n3
p175-183 Sep 86.
Electrophysiological measures appropriate for use in
neurotoxicity testing of workers are briefly reviewed.
These measures include auditory, visual and somato-
sensory evoked potentials. Relevant human studies
are reviewed. Selection criteria, strengths and weak-
nesses are discussed.
Keywords: 'Neurology, 'Toxicology, Evoked potential,
Industrial medicine, Nervous system, Pharmacology,
Electroencephalography, CNS disorders.
PB88-104260/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pituitary Function Following Treatment with Re-
productive Toxins,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. L. Cooper, J. M. Goldman, and G. L. Rehnberg.
1986,11p EPA/600/J-86/392
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v70 p177-
184 1986.
Appropriate regulation of reproductive processes are
dependent upon the integrity of pituitary function. In
the selected review, researchers evaluate the evi-
dence that certain environmental compounds exert
their effect on reproductive function via a direct action
on the pituitary gland. They also discuss examples of
changes in pituitary hormone secretion that occur in
response to changes in neuronal or gonadal control of
the pituitary. A limited number of studies suggest that
measures of pituitary hormone secretion provide an
early and sensitive measure of a compounds potential
effects on the reproductive system. However, the most
striking aspect of the area is the sparse and inconsist-
ent information describing pitiutary function following
exposure to environmental pollutants.
Keywords:	'Pituitary	hormones,
¦Reproduction(Biology), Fertility, Toxicity, Estrogens,
Drugs, Metals, Fecundity, "Neurotoxins.
PB88-104278/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Joint Action of 03 and S02 in Modifying Plant Gas
Exchange. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. M. Olszyk, and D. T. Tingey. c1986, 7p EPA/600/J-
86/394
Pub. in Plant Physiology, v82 p401-405 1986. Pre-
pared in cooperation with California Univ., Riverside.
Statewide Air Pollution Research Center.
The joint action of 03 and S02 stress on plants was in-
vestigated. Gas exchange measurements of 03, S02,
and H20 vapor were made for garden pea. Plants
were grown under controlled environments; 03, S02,
H20 vapor fluxes were evaluated with a whole-plant
gas exchange chamber using the mass-balance ap-
proach. Maximum 03 and S02 fluxes per unit area into
leaves averaged 8 nanomoles per square meter per
second with exposure to either 03 or S02 at 0.1 micro-
liters per liter. Internal fluxes of either 03 or S02 were
reduced by up to 50% during exposure to combined
versus individual pollutants; the greatest reduction oc-
curred with simultaneous versus sequential combina-
tions of the pollutants. Stomatal conductance to H20
was substantially altered by the pollutant exposures,
with 03 molecules twice as effective as S02 mole-
cules in inducing stomatal closure. Stomatal conduct-
ance was related to the integrated dose of pollutants.
When 03 was present at the start of the exposure,
then stomatal response resembled that for 03 more
than the response for S02. The study indicated that
stomatal responses with combinations of 03 and S02
are not dependent solely on the integrated dose of pol-
lutants, but suggests that a metabolic synergistic
effect exists. (Copyright (c) Plant Physiology (1986)82
401-405.)
Keywords: 'Plant physiology, "Sulfur dioxide, 'Ozone,
'Air pollution. Water vapor, Exposure, Plant metabo-
lism, Toxicity, Peas, Reprints, "Air pollution
effects(Plants), "Gas exchange, Mass balance, Sto-
mata. Synergism.
PB88-104286/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Comparison of Continuous and Episodic Expo-
sure to Acidic, Aluminum-Contaminated Waters of
Brook Trout ('Salvetinus fontinalis'). Journal article,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Oak Creek Lab. of Biol-
ogy.
L. K. Siddens, W. K. Seim, L. R. Curtis, and G. A.
Chapman. C1986, 7p EPA/600/J-86/393
Grant EPA-R-810157
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Fisheries and Aquatic Sci-
ences, v43 p2036-2040 1986. Sponsored by Corvallis
Environmental Research Lab., OR.
The study demonstrated that repetitive, intermittent
exposures to aluminum (Al) under acidic conditions
produced greater cumulative mortality and lower
growth rates of brook trout than would be extrapolated
from continuous exposure experiments. During a 24-d
study, exposures were at pH 4.4 or 4.9 with 0.2-1.2 mg
AI-L-1. Data were analyzed based on peak and 24-d
mean Al concentrations of continuous and intermittent
(2-d toxicant, 4-d ambient condition cycle) exposures.
Survival was lower in groups exposed at pH 4.9 than
those at 4.4 when intermittently exposed but not when
continuously exposed. Growth rates were less for fish
continuously exposed at pH 4.4 compared with those
at pH 4.9, while intermittent exposures to Al acidity
alone did not affect growth. Fish intermittently exposed
to Al at pH 4.4 grew faster than those at pH 4.9, indi-
cating greater Al toxicity at the higher pH. (Copyright
(c) Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sci-
ences, Vol. 43,1986.)
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Aluminum, Trout, Expo-
sure, Toxicity, Growth abnormalities, Mortality, pH, Re-
prints, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB88-104294/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Acidic Rain and Ozone on Nitrogen Fix-
ation and Photosynthesis In the Lichen 'Lobaria
Sulmonarla' (L.) Hoffm. Journal article,
ak Ridge National Lab., TN. Environmental Sciences
Div.
L. L. Sigal, and J. W. Johnston. c1986,8p EPA/600/J-
86/395
Pub. in Environmental and Experimental Botany, v26
n1 p59-64 Jan-Mar 86. Sponsored by Corvallis Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., OR.
The lichen Lobaria pulmonaria was subjected to ozone
fumigations at 118, 235 and 353 mcg/cu m and simu-
lated acidic rain at pH levels of 2.6, 4.2 and S.6 for 5
days (M,W,F,M,W) during a 10-day period. Acidic rain
at pH 2.6 caused significant reduction in nitrogen fixa-
tion and gross photosynthesis of 100 and 90%, re-
spectively, and thallus bleaching was apparent There
were no significant differences between the pH 5JS
and 4.2 treatments in either gross photosynthesis or
nitrogen fixation, and the color of the lichen thalli was
unchanged. The effect of Ozone on nitrogen fixation
and photosynthesis over the range of concentrations
used was not significant, but there was a trend toward
reduced nitrogen fixation with increasing (03) concen-
tration. There were no significant Ozone-acidic rain
interactions. The threshold for response to rain acidHy
for L. pulmonaria lies between pH 2.6 and 4.2, and the
acidity of wet deposition in parts of the United States
may fall in the range. (Copyright (c) 1986 Pergamon
Press Ltd.)
Keywords; 'Ozone, 'Lichens, Plant physiology, Photo-
synthesis, Air quality, Acidification, Nitrogen fixation
Reprints, 'Acid rain.
PB88-104302/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Northrop Services, Inc.. Corvallis, OR.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Total Alkalinity of Surface Waters: A Map of the
Western Region. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR,
J. M. Omernik, and G. E. Griffith. 1986, 7p EPA/600/J-
86/410
Pub. in Jnl. of Soil and Water Conservation, v41 n6
p375-378 Nov-Dec 86. Sponsored by Northrop Serv-
ices, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
The map of total alkalinity of surface waters in the
western region illustrates the general patterns of the
relative potential sensitivity of surface waters to acidic
deposition. As with geology and physiography, surface
water alkalinity in the West varies widely. Most all low-
alkalinity lakes and streams occur in the glaciated,
high-elevation alpine and sub-alpine zones of the nu-
merous mountain ranges. These watersheds are small
with steep slopes and thin acidic soils, The lowest al-
kalinity waters are associated most often with granitic
and gneissic rock types, but may also be found in vol-
canic and certain sedimentary areas. Alkalinity con-
centrations are generally greater in surface waters at
lower elevations and often are extremely high in the in-
termontane valleys, basins, and plateau areas. (Copy-
right (c) 1986 Soil Conservation Society of America.)
Keywords: 'Surface waters, 'Alkalinity, "Maps, Hydro-
graphic surveys, Regional geography, Elevation,
Rocks, Lakes, Streams, Reprints, "Western
Reglon(United States), Acid rain.
PB88-104310/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Teratogenic Effects of the Fungicide Benomyl on
Posterior Segmental Regeneration in the Earth-
worm, 'Eisenia fetlda'. Journal article,
Iowa State Univ., Ames.
M. J. Zoran, T. J. Heppner, and C. D. Drewes. C1986,
14p EPA/600/J-86/411
Grant EPA-R-810006
Pub. in Pesticide Science, v17 p641-652 Nov 86.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Earthworms, Eisenia fetida, were treated by surface
exposure to the fungicide benomyl at various stages of
posterior segmental regeneration. Teratogenic effects
of benomyl were observed when worms were treated
7-11 days after amputation (i.e. during the normal
period of segmental replication), but not during days 1 -
5, 13-17, or 19-23. Teratogenic effects included a re-
duction in the number of regenerated segments, an in-
creased frequency of segmental groove anomalies,
and a variety of monstrosities. The effects of benomyl
treatment on the number of regenerated segments
and frequency of anomalies were dose-dependent
within a narrow concentration range (approximately
0.2-5.0 mg liter-1); at higher concentrations (e.g. 25 mg
liter-1) teratogenic effects were less frequent because
the onset of segmental delineation was delayed until
well after exposure. Non-invasive electrophysiological
recordings from treated worms indicated that function-
al integrity of giant nerve fiber conduction pathways
was established in all anomalously regenerated tail
segments, except in a two-tailed monstrosity. The evi-
dence supports the hypothesis that these teratogenic
effects derive from an antimitotic mode of action of
benomyl on segmental regeneration. (Copyright (c)
1986 Pesticide Science.)
Keywords:	'Worms,	'Fungicides,
Regeneration(Physiology), Toxicology, Morphology,
Abnormalities, Reprints, 'Teratogenesis, Benomyl.
PB68-104344/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Preliminary Evaluation of a Method Using an FID
(Flame Ionization Detector) for Measurement of
Methanol in Auto Emissions. Final rept..
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
p A Gabele, W. D. Ray, J. Duncan, and C. Burton. Sep
87, 17p EPA/600/3-87/035
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
The report evaluates a simplified technique for esti-
mating methanol emission rates in auto exhaust. The
technique, referred to as the FID Bubbled Method or
FBM, is based in principle on the fact that while hydro-
carbons are not readily absorbed in water, methanol is.
Hence, by using a heated flame ionization detector to
measure the organic mass in samples before and after
bubbling them in water, the quantity of methanol origi-
nally present can be estimated by taking the difference
between the measurements. Evaluation of the method
was done by comparing methanol measurements
using the FBM with measurements made using an es-
tablished reference method. Results showed poor to
fair agreement between the two methods. The FBM
appeared better at estimating methanol emission rates
from evaporative tests than from exhaust tests and
also exhibited better accuracy for samples containing
higher levels of methanol.
Keywords: "Exhaust emissions, Organic compounds,
Carbinols, Bubbling, Hydrocarbons, Measurement,
"Methanol, Flame ionization detector, Automobile ex-
haust.
PB88-104351/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Prolile for Dich-
lorobutenes.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
May 83, 35p EPA/600/X-84/118
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dich-
lorobutenes was prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous con-
stituents of a wide range of waste streams under Sec-
tion 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Exist-
ing data are insufficient to determine an Acceptable
Daily Intake (ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for
Dichlorobutenes.
Keywords: 'Chlorbutanes, Exposure, Toxicity, Hazard-
ous materials, Solvents, Toxicology, Contaminants,
Butadienes, 'Health risk, "Environmental effects,
Toxic substances, Hazardous waste, CAS 760-23-6.
PB88-105688/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Facilities Storing Hazardous Waste In Containers:
Guidance for Permit Writers,
Hart (Fred C.) Associates, Inc., Washington, DC.
K. A. Walker. 1982, 71 p
See also PB87-193355.Portions of this document are
not fully legible. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
This is one of a series of guidance manuals that pro-
vides information on standards for facilities that treat,
store, or dispose of hazardous waste. The manuals are
being developed to assist permit writers in evaluating
facilities against standards (40 Code of Federal Regu-
lations, Part 264) issued by the U.S. EPA under Sub-
title C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
of 1976, as amended. Included in these documents is
detailed information about design, equipment, and
specific procedures for evaluating data submitted by
the permit applicant The guidance manuals also con-
tain bibliographies that can be used to locate addition-
al information.
Keywords: 'Tanks(Containers), 'Storage tanks, Regu-
lations, Design criteria, Structural design, Inspection,
Operating costs, Waste treatment, Manuals, 'Hazard-
ous wastes.
PB88-105929/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Mon-
ochlorobutanes.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
May 83,36p EPA/600/X-84/117
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Mon-
ochlorobutanes was prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Crite-
ria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous
constituents of a wide range of waste streams under
Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act (RCRA). Both published literature and infor-
mation obtained from Agency program office files were
evaluated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Exist-
ing data are insufficient to determine an Acceptable
Daily Intake (ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for
Monochlorobutanes.
Keywords: "Chlorobutanes, Exposure, Toxcity, Haz-
ardous materials. Solvents, Toxicology, "Health risk,
"Environmental effects, Toxic substances, Hazardous
waste, CAS 109-69-3.
PB88-105937/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 4-
Vinyl-1 -Cy ciohexene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
May 83, 27p EPA/600/X-84/113
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 4-
Vinyl-1-cyclohexene was prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmen-
tal Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste to support listings of hazard-
ous constituents of a wide range of waste streams
under Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA). Both published literature and
information obtained from Agency program office files
were evaluated as they pertained to potential human
health, aquatic life and environmental effects of haz-
ardous waste constituents. Quantitative estimates
have been presented provided sufficient data are
available. Existing data are insufficient to determine an
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) or a carcinogenic poten-
cy factor for 4-Vinyl-1 -cyclohexene.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, Vulcanizing, Buta-
dienes, Exposure, "Toxicity, 'Hazardous materials,
Carcinogens, Rubber industry, "Environment effects,
*Cyclohexene/4-vinyl-1, Occupational safety and
health, CAS 100-40-3.
PB88-106133/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
R. D. Hill. Sep 87,31 p EPA/600/D-87/293
The chapter covers the Comprehensive Environmen-
tal Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA) and its amendments. CERCLA is a very
comprehensive law, directing the USEPA, other Feder-
al agencies, and the states on how to collect and
manage the fund, conduct cleanups, encourage pri-
vate cleanups, and recover the costs of Federally-sup-
ported actions. The 1980 legislation established a
fairly straightforward structure to obtain these goals.
The 1986 amendments did not fundamentally alter the
structure, but added far more detail than was present
in the original law and added some additional require-
ments and provisions. The procedures for placing a
site on the National Priority List, conducting preliminary
assessment, removal action, remedial investigations,
and feasibility studies are discussed.
Keywords: 'Sites, 'Legislation, "State government,
Public health, Hazardous wastes, Water pollution, "Su-
perfund program, "Municipal wastes, 'Remedial
action, "Environmental research, 'Solid waste man-
agement.
PB88-106166/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Air Stripping of Contaminated Water Sources • Air
Emissions and Controls. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. A. Vancit, R. H. Howie, D. J. Herndon, and S. A.
Shareef. Aug 87,132p EPA/450/3-87/017
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
Air stripping towers are being used to remove low con-
centrations of organic contaminants from water. The
report describes the technology and methods used to
control air pollution resulting from this procedure. The
cost of the controls is presented along with other posi-
tive and negative impacts of the technology.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Organic com-
pounds, Aeration, Contamination, Volatility, Water pol-
lution, "Volatile organic compounds, 'Soils, "Contami-
nation,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-106174/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Strategies for Using Bioassay Methods for the
Identification of Hazardous Components and
Comparative Risk Assessment of Complex Mix-
tures,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
J. Lewtas. Sep 87, 41 p EPA/600/D-87/271
Two strategies particularly useful for approaching the
toxicology of complex mixtures are: (1) bioassay-di-
rected chemical characterization; and, (2) comparative
bioassay studies. Bioassay-directed fractionation and
chemical characterization is a strategy for identifying
biologically active compounds or compound classes in
complex mixtures, The identification and assessment
of mutagens and carcinogens in complex mixtures has
been significantly advanced by the use of short-term
genetic bioassays. Bioassay-directed fractionation
coupled with new organic characterization methods
has provided the tools needed to more efficiently iden-
tify potential carcinogens in complex mixtures. A com-
parative potency strategy for evaluating the relative
toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of a series of
different mixtures has been used to provide compara-
tive potency data for risk assessment. The compara-
tive mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of a series of
combustion emissions has been assessed using dose-
response studies in bacteria, mammalian cells and ro-
dents.
Keywords: "Bioassay, 'Hazardous materials, "Toxicol-
ogy, Strategies, Mutagens, Carcinogens, Data bases,
•Risk assessment.
PB88-106307/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
American Advances in Wastewater Treatment Re-
lated to Toxics Control and to Sludge Manage-
ment,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
D. F. Bishop, J. B. Farrell, and K. M. Lee. Sep 87, 55p*
EPA/600/D-87/251
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Cincinnati Univ., OH. Dept.
of Civil and Environmental Engineering.
Research emphasis by the United States Environmen-
tal Protection Agency in wastewater treatment has fo-
cussed on control of toxics and sludge management.
The paper describes highlights of the Environmental
Protection Agency's research in these areas. The re-
search on toxics control features studies on the treat-
ability and fate of specific chemicals in conventional
primary-secondary wastewater treatment and on toxic-
ity reduction in treatment using bioassays as integrat-
ed toxicity monitors. The toxicity reduction approach
uses both aquatic ecosystem and health effects
assays. The research in sludge management de-
scribes a process for converting municipal sludges to
oil using waste landfilling. The four year landfill evalua-
tion revealed reduced landfill leachate pollutants and a
more rapid onset of methane production for codispo-
sal of sludges and solid waste compared to disposal of
solid wastes only.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Toxicity, 'Water
pollution control, Instructions, Monitoring, Standards,
Public health, Bioassay, Sewage sludge, Solid waste
disposal.
PB88-106315/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Review of Selected State-of-the-Art Applications
of Diagnostic Measurements for Radon Mitigation
Planning. Rept. for Apr 86-Jun 87,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
L. M. Hubbard, D. T. Harrje, K. J. Gadsby, D. C.
Sanchez, and B. H. Turk. Sep 87,10p EPA/600/D-87/
245
Prepared in cooperation with Princeton Univ., NJ.
Center for Energy and Environmental Studies, and
Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA.
Since late-1984, EPA's AEERL has supported a pro-
gram to develop and demonstrate radon mitigation
techniques for single-family detached dwellings. As
part of the program, projects have been started direct-
ed at developing and demonstrating the use of diag-
nostic measurements in all phases of the radon mitiga-
tion process. Diagnostic measurements are used to
assess: (1) the radon sources' strengths, variability,
and locations: and, (2) radon transport to the house
and its entry and distribution in the house as influenced
by environmental, house characteristics, and occupan-
cy factors. The diagnostic measurements reported in-
clude: (1) soil-gas grab sampling: (2) communication
(air flow or pressure field extension) tests; (3) whole
house infiltration; (4) differential pressure, (5) gamma
radiation; and, (6) radon flux. The paper concludes that
the above selected diagnostic measurements have
been found especially useful in characterizing houses
which have indoor radon problems attributable to soil-
gas-borne radon which may be amenable to mitigation
through the use of subslab ventilation.
Keywords: "Radon, 'Indoor air pollution, 'Houses,
State of the art, Measurement, Monitoring, Gamma ra-
diation, Ventilation, Air pollution control.
PB88-106323/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Control of Organic Drinking Water Quality by Pre-
clpltatlve Processes,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
J. S. Taylor, B. Snyder, and J. K. Carswell. Sep 87,12p
EPA/600/D-87/244
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Pre-
pared in cooperation with University of Central Florida,
Orlando, and CDM, Inc., Orlando, FL.
Plant and bench studies were conducted on a highly
colored surface water using Alum and Polyvalent Alu-
minum Chloride (PAC1) coagulation to minimize
THMPF. Optimum coagulation pH and dose were iden-
tified by season for Alum and PAC1 for color, DOC,
THMPF and TOXFP removal. Aluminum residual fol-
lowing coagulation was monitored. Cost of trihalo-
methane reduction by each coagulant was deter-
mined.
Keywords: "Water pollution, 'Potable water, Water
treatment, Water quality, Surface waters,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Coagulation Aluminum ha-
lides, Florida, "Water pollution control, Alum, Color-
ation.
PB88-106331/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Influence of Lindane on Survival and Osmoregula-
tory/Metabolic Responses of the Larvae and
Adults of the Estuarine Crab, 'Eurypanopeus
Depressus'. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
M. A. Shirley, and C. L. McKenney. c1987, 26p EPA/
600/D-87/261, CONTRIB-562
Pub. in Pollution and Physiology of Estuarine Orga-
nisms, p275-297 1987. Prepared in cooperation with
University of West Florida, Pensacola. Dept. of Biol-
ogy.
Short-term exposure to sublethal concentrations of the
organochlorine insecticide, lindane, caused alterations
in ionic and osmotic regulatory abilities and related
compensatory metabolic mechanisms in the xanthid
crab Eurypanopeus depressus. A lindane exposure
concentration of 1.45 micrograms/l reduced hemo-
lymph osmotic concentrations in adult crabs; however,
chloride ion regulation was more sensitive, being dis-
rupted at a lindane exposure concentration of 0.70 mi-
crograms/l. Zoeae, megalopae and adults of the crab,
E. depressus, appear to possess different response
patterns to hypoosmotic stress and lindane exposure.
Keywords: "Toxicity, 'Chlorobenzenes, "Crabs,
"Water pollution, "Estuaries, Exposure, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Insecticides, Responses, Metabo-
lism, Larvae, Survival, Mortality, Stress(Physiology),
Osmosis, Sensitivity, Respiration, Reprints, "Eurpan-
oepeus depressus.
PB88-106349/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Plant Cultural System for Monitoring Evapotran-
spiratlon and Physiological Responses under
Field Conditions,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. T. Tingey, T. J. Moser, D. F. Zirkle, and M. D. Snow.
Sep 87, 11p EPA/600/D-87/264
Prepared in cooperation with Portland Univ., OR., and
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
A plant culture system incorporating the water-table
root-screen method for controlling plant water status
was adapted for use in open-top field exposure cham-
bers for studying the effects of drought stress on phys-
iological responses. The daily transpiration rates of the
plants were closely coupled to environmental condi-
tions and reflected the daily variation in pan evapora-
tion. In the cultural systems the unstressed plants
grew and matured normally, however, drought stress
reduced leaf water potential, leaf conductance, tran-
spiration and plant biomass. The cultural system pro-
vides a method to subject plants to reproducible levels
of drought stress.
Keywords: 'Evapotranspiration, 'Plants(Botany), Plant
anatomy,	Transpiration,	Physiology,
'Stress(Physiology), Droughts, Monitoring, Hydrologic
cycle.
PB88-106356/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Predicting Spring Lake Chemistry from Fall Sam-
ples,
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
A. D. Newell. Sep 87,10p EPA/600/D-87/265
See also PB87-110383. Sponsored by Corvallis Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., OR.
The relationship between fall and spring lake chemis-
try was investigated for five chemical variables of 103
lakes in seven regions of the United States. Strong
linear relationships were found between preceding
springs and fall values for acid neutralizing capacity
(ANC), pH, sulfate, and calcium. These relationships
indicate that sampling a large number of lakes during
fall overturn, combined with intensive sampling of rep-
resentative lakes throughout the year, may be a feasi-
ble method of estimating changes in chemistry across
a geographic region.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Lakes, "Water pollution,
"Air pollution, Surveys, Spring(Season), Autumn, Sam-
pling, Neutralizing, pH, Inorganic sulfates, Calcium,
Regression analysis, Water chemistry, Variations, Esti-
mating, United States, "Acid rain.
PB88-106364/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
New Approaches to the Decontamination of Haz-
ardous Wastes,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
A. J. Klee. Sep 87,13p EPA/600/D-87/299
The Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Labora-
tory is currently supporting a number of research
projects to develop innovative chemical and biological
systems capable of detoxifying hazardous wastes.
Recent emphasis has been on the destruction of chlor-
inated dioxins, chlorinated dibenzofurans, polychlori-
nated biphenyls, and related organic compounds in
waste liquids and in polluted soils. Using a chemical re-
agent based upon the reaction of an alkaline metal hy-
droxide and a polyethylene glycol, over 17,000 gallons
of industrial wastes, containing chlorinated dioxins and
dibenzofurans at concentrations varying from 400 to
84,000 ppm, were decontaminated to below detection
levels (1 ppb in the case of the tetra-dioxins). Bioassay
tests have shown that the byproducts produced from
the reaction do not bioaccumulate or bioconcentrate,
they do not cause mutagenicity, nor are they toxic to
aquatic organisms or mammals. The equipment used
for these tests is now being modified for use on con-
taminated soils.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Industrial wastes,
Soils, Organic compounds, Decontamination, Chemi-
cal analysis, Bioassay. "Liquidwastes, "Toxichazards
Innovations.
PB88-106372/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Ecological and Nonhuman Biological Effects of
Solar UV-B Radiation,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of General Sci-
ence.
R. C. Worrest. C1984,19p EPA/600/D-87/262
Grant EPA-R-810288
Pub. in Proceedings of Indo-U.S. Workshop on Global
Ozone Problem, New Delhi, India, January 11-20
1983, p197-2121984. Sponsored by Corvallis Environ-
mental Research Lab., OR.
Recent studies regarding the impact of UV-B radiation
upon ecological and nonhuman biological systems is
the subject of the report. For years scientists and
laymen alike have causally noted the impact of solar
ultraviolet radiation upon the non-human component
of the biosphere. Stratospheric ozone functions effec-
tively as an ultraviolet screen by filtering out solar radi"
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ation in the 220-320 nm waveband as it penetrates
through the atmosphere, thus allowing only small
amounts of the longer wavelengths of radiation in the
waveband to leak through to the surface of the earth.
Although this radiation (UV-B radiation, 290-320 nm)
comprises only a small fraction (lesser tha 1 %) of the
total solar spectrum, it can have a major impact on bio-
logical systems due to its actinic nature. Many organic
molecules, most notably DNA, absorb UV-B radiation
which can initiate photochemical reactions. It is life's
ability, or lack thereol, to cope with enhanced levels of
solar UV-B radiation that has generated concern over
the potential depletion of stratospheric ozone. (Copy-
right (c) Indo-US Workshop on Global Ozone Problem
January 11-20, 1983, New Delhi Proceedings 197-212,
1984.)
Keywords: "Solar radiation, 'Ultraviolet radiation,
"Ozone, Ecology, Protectors, Stratosphere, Plant ecol-
ogy, Meetings, "Biological stress, Environmental ef-
fects, Environmental research.
PB8S-1063B0/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Design and Management of Research Projects,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
T. A. Murphy. Sep 87,16p EPA/600/D-87/263
Design and management of research projects is a
complex task which varies widely with the people and
circumstances involved. The paper attempts to distill
the literature and the author's personal experience into
the basic elements of project management. Thus it is
subjective and selective. It also is based largely on ex-
perience within the United States. Since management
is the art of influencing human behavior, it has a signifi-
cant cultural component. Some of the principles de-
scribed herein may differ significantly under other cul-
tural or social conditions. Finally, the discussion deals
primarily with applied research in a governmental or in-
dustrial research organization rather than the more
basic research typically found in acadamia.
Keywords: 'Research projects, "Project management,
"Project planning. Research management, Personnel
management, Government, Industries, Culture(Social
sciences).
PB88-106398/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Treatment of Aqueous Metal and Cyanide Bearing
Hazardous Wastes,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
D. W. Grosse. Sep 87,8p EPA/600/D-87/253
See also report dated Mar 87, PB87-167060.
With the reauthorization of the Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act (RCRA) and the concurrent restric-
tions on land disposal of hazardous wastes, the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency is assessing tech-
nologies that can be substituted for, or precursors to
land disposal. The paper describes the research work
being conducted at the EPA's Test and Evaluation Fa-
cility concerning treatment of metal finishing hazard-
ous wastewater. A series of various technological units
have been designed and fabricated to determine the
optimum combination of the units for the best treat-
ment of any given wastes. These units are: Alkaline
Chlorination of Cyanide, Chromium Reduction, Neu-
tralization/Precipitation, Flocculation and Settling,
Mixed-Media Filtration, Activated Carbon Adsorption,
and Ion Exchange. Plans for future work utilizing addi-
tional technological units will also be presented. Re-
sults of this work will be used to assess alternative
treatment technologies for aqueous metal and cyanide
beariig hazardous wastes.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Waste treatment,
"Waste water, Metal finishing, "Water pollution con-
trol, Metal bearing.
PB68-106406/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Removal of Low Molecular Weight Organic Con-
taminants from Drinking Water Using Reverse Os-
mosis Membranes,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research Div.
C. A. Fronk. Sep 87, 9p EPA/600/D-87/254
Proposed Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) have
been set recently by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (USEPA) for several volatile organic contami-
nants and Maximum Contaminant Level Goals have
been proposed for other volatile and non-volatile or-
ganic contaminants, such as pesticides. Thus, over
twenty volatile organic compounds (alkanes, alkenes,
and aromatics) as well as pesticides were treated by
the USEPA using several types of reverse mem-
branes. Preliminary findings indicate that reverse os-
mosis may be applicable for dual problems such as an
organic/inorganic contamination.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Water treatment,
Osmosis, Potable water, Pesticides, Membranes,
Water pollution, Ground water, "Reverse osmosis.
PB88-106414/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Alteration of Cellular Interactions in the Immune
System: Natural Killer Activity and N Lympho-
cytes,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
G. R. Burleson. Sep 87, 56p EPA/600/D-87/302
Contract EPA-68-02-4450
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
N lymphocytes, like interferons, have three major bio-
logical functions: (1) antitumor activity; (2) antiviral ac-
tivity; and (3) immunoregulatory activity. Antitumor ac-
tivity is also referred to as natural killer (NK) activity
which represents the non-MHC-restricted lysis of NK-
sensitive tumor cells by effector cells obtained from a
nonimmunized host. N lymphocytes play a pivotal role
in a network of immune functions. The review dis-
cusses the (1) properties of natural killer activity, (2)
importance of natural killer activity against tumor cells,
(3) importance of N lymphocytes in viral infections, (4)
regulation of natural killer activity by cytokines, (5) al-
teration of natural killer activity by suppressor cells,
and (6) alteration of natural killer activity by chemicals.
Keywords: "Immunology, "Neoplasms Viral diseases,
"Lymphocytes, * Killer cells(Natural), "Immune system,
Suppressor cells, NK(Natural killer).
PB88-106422/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
AEERL (Air and Energy Engineering Research
Laboratory) Research Plan on the Global Climate
Emissions Assessment and Stabilization Program,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. D. Mobley, and J. W. Jones. Sep 87, 50p EPA/600/
D-87/303
The paper discusses the Environmental Protection
Agency's (EPA) Air and Energy Engineering Research
Laboratory (AEERL) research plan for work in the
global climate area. The plan, written for discussion
with senior scientists and program managers at EPA's
Global Climate Change Research Workshop in Sep-
tember 1987, consists of five major parts; emission in-
ventory, emission factor development, emission fore-
cast model, control technology assessment, and con-
trol technology development. Plans for work in each of
these areas and the relationship of AEERL's work to
that being done by other researchers are discussed in
the research plan. Projected budgets and schedules
are presented.
Keywords: "Emission, Climate, Pollution, Forecasting,
Monitoring, Assessments, Research, "Global air pollu-
tion, Pollution control, Stationary sources, Emission
factors.
PB88-106430/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Effluent Toxicity Monitoring Methodology Evalu-
ated for Five Industrial Dischargers. Rept. for
1986-87,
Engineering Science, Fairfax, VA.
E. C. Sullivan, D. F. Bishop, J. A. Botts, J. W. Braswell,
and G. H. Slattery. Sep 87,53p EPA/600/D-87/295
Prepared in cooperation with Baltimore City Dept. of
Public Works, MD. Bureau of Water and Waste Water,
and EA Engineering, Science, and Technology, Inc.,
Sparks, MD. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research
Lab.
Industries are being faced with the possibility of meet-
ing discharge limits for toxicity as States begin to en-
force the water quality standards prohibiting the dis-
charge of toxic materials in toxic amounts. These efflu-
ent limitations create the need tor an effective toxicity
monitoring tool. The City of Baltimore, with assistance
from the U.S. EPA, is in the process of evaluating mon-
itoring tools to characterize the toxicity of industrial
contributors to the Patapsco Wastewater Treatment
Plant (PWWTP). The paper presents the results of bio-
logical toxicity reduction tests performed on five major
industrial contributors to the PWWTP to evaluate the
effectiveness of various monitoring tools as indicators
of toxicity to the PWWTP biomass and potential toxici-
ty pass-through. Toxicity monitoring tests investigated
were Microtox, ATP, chemical fractionation, COD re-
moval, and specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR).
Keywords: "Effluents, "Industrial wastes, "Toxicity,
Water quality, Monitoring, Water treatment, Waste
water, Biomass. Reprints, "Biodegradation, Toxic sub-
stances, Baltimore(Maryland), Patapsco Wastewater
Treatment Plant.
PB88-106448/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1):
Ottati and Goss/Great Lakes Container Corpora-
tion Site, Kingston, New Hampshire, January
1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
16 Jan 87, 78p EPA/ROD/R01 -87/021
The Ottati and Goss/Great Lakes Container Corpora-
tion site (O&G/GLCC) is located in Kingston, New
Hampshire west of Route 125. The study area for the
RI/FS includes the 35-acre O&G/GLCC site, a marsh
area east of Route 125 and Country Pond adjacent to
the marsh area. North Brook and South Brook drain
the marsh at its interface with Country Pond. From the
late 1950s through 1967, Conway Barrel & Drum Com-
pany (CBD) owned the site and performed drum recon-
ditioning operations. The reconditioning operations in-
cluded caustic rinsing of drums & disposal of the rinse
water in a dry well near South Brook. As a result of
State concerns regarding the proximity of the dry well
to South Brook and complaints of resulting South
Brook and Country Pond pollution, CBD established
leaching pits in an area removed from South Brook.
The State's Water Supply and Pollution Control Com-
mission (WSPCC) reported onsite runoff and seepage
from the leaching pits draining into South Brook and
eventually into Country Pond. Reports included fish
kills in Country Pond, dying vegetation along South
Brook, and skin irritation of swimmers in Country Pond.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, "Chemical industry, De-
contamination, Hazardous materials, Water pollution,
"Remedial action, Superfund, Record of decision.
PB88-106455/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
West Virginia Ordnance Works, Mason County,
West Virginia, March 1987. First Remedial Action.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
22 Mar 87,88p EPA/ROD/R03-87/034
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The West Virginia Ordnance Works (WVOW) site
covers approximately 8,323 acres in Mason County,
West Virginia. In 1942, WVOW was established as a
government-owned, contractor-operated plant for the
manufacture of trinitrotoluene explosives (TNT). Ap-
proximately one-third of the area is currently occupied
by the McClintic Wildlife Station which is operated by
the West Virginia Department of Natural Resources
(DNR). Smaller portions of the nonindustrial areas of
the site were declared excess and sold. They are now
owned by Mason County or by private owners. TNT
was produced from 1942-1945 by a batch process in-
volving the nitration of toluene by the addition of nitric
acid and sulfuric acid. Production during World War II
resulted in soil contamination of the industrial area,
process facilities, and industrial waste water disposal
facilities by TNT, associated by products, and environ-
mental transformation products. At the close of oper-
ations in 1945, WVOW was decontaminated by .the
Department of Defense and placed on standby status.
Later that year, the plant was declared surplus and the
facilities salvaged or disposed of.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, "Chemical industry, De-
contamination, Hazardous materials, "Remedial
action, Superfund. Record of decision, TNT, TNB,
DNT, Residues.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-106463/HSU	PC A07
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
Geiger (C and M Oil) Site, Charleston County,
South Carolina, June 1987. First Remedial Action.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1 Jun 87,146p EPA/ROD/R04-87/020
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Geiger (C&M Oil) site comprising a five-acre area,
is located in central Charleston County, South Caroli-
na, appoximately ten miles west of the city of Charles-
ton and within one mile of tidal wetlands. Approximate-
ly 40 people live within the immediate site area. In
March 1969, Adams Run Services, Incorporated, was
permitted to incinerate waste oil at the site. Eight un-
lined lagoons were constructed to hold the waste oil. In
late 1971 in response to complaints from area resi-
dents, the South Carolina Pollution Control Authority
(SCPCA) ordered all incineration and waste deposition
activities at the site stopped, and the owner to take
action to prevent spillage, leekage or seepage of oil
from the site. The primary contaminants of concern in-
clude: arsenic, toluene, organics, PCB, and heavy
metals (lead, chromium, mercury). The selected reme-
dial alternative includes: extraction and onsite treat-
ment of contaminated ground water with discharge to
an offsite stream; excavation and onsite thermal treat-
ment of soil to remove organic contaminants; solidifi-
cation/stabilization of thermally-treated soil, if neces-
sary, to reduce mobility of metals; backfilling of exca-
vated areas with treated soil, followed by grading and
covering with gravel.
Keywords: Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Incineration,
South Carolina, Licenses, Public health. Fuel oils,
Metals, Organic compounds, Ground water, 'Water
pollution, Cost analysis, Soils, 'Superfund program,
Remedial action, Charleston County(South Carolina),
Hollywood(South Carolina), "Municipal wastes.
PB88-106471/HSU	PC A05
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
Newport Dump Site, Wilder, Kentucky. First Re-
medial Action. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC
27 Mar 87, 88p EPA/ROD/R04-87/021
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Newport Dump site is located on the Licking River,
a tributary of the Ohio River, in the City of Wilder, Ken-
tucky. The site was originally purchased by the City of
Newport in the late 1940's and was used by the City for
the disposal of residential and commercial wastes
from its opening until its closure in 1979. Trenching
and area filling of the waste were the most common
methods used to dispose of waste at the site. In 1968,
the Commonwealth of Kentucky instituted permitting
requirements for landfills. The City of Newport re-
ceived a permit in late 1969 to operate the site as a
municipal sanitary landfill. The site was closed in 1979
and ownership was transferred to the Northern Ken-
tucky Port Authority (NKPA) the same year. During the
life of the landfill, the City was cited on numerous occa-
sions for operational violations and for handling haz-
ardous waste without a permit. The contaminated
media includes: ground water, and soil. The primary
contaminants of concern include: metal; PAHs; sol-
vents; and PCBs. The selected remedial action in-
cludes: implementation of a multi-media monitoring
program; restoration and extension of leachate collec-
tion system; restoration, regrading, and revegetation of
existing clay cap.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, 'Chemical industry, De-
contamination, Hazardous materials, 'Remedial
action. Record of decision. Superfund.
PB88-1064B9/HSU	PC AOS
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
New Brighton/Arden Hills/St. Anthony, Minneso-
ta, March 1987. Fifth Remedial Action. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
31 Mar87, 100p EPA/ROD/R05-87/047
See also PB86-224912.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The New Brighton/Arden Hills/St. Anthony site is lo-
cated approximately two miles north ol the Twin Cities
of Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota. The City of St. An-
thony, located directly north of the Twin Cities, is one
of several communities which obtain its municipal
water supply from the Prairie due Chien-Jordan aquifer
system. The City of St. Anthony obtains its water
supply from well numbers 4 and 5 and an interconnec-
tion to the City of Roseville's water distribution system.
In June 1981, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
(MPCA) and the Minnesota Department of Health
(MDH) detected VOC contamination in the Praire du
Chien-Jordan aquifer system used for municipal drink-
ing water in New Brighton. Subsequently, the City of
St. Anthony has also detected VOC contamination in
their three Praire du Chien-Jordan aquifer wells; well
number 3, 4 and 5. Well 4 is the city's major source of
water. Well 5 and the Roseville interconnection are
used for summer, peak, or emergency situations. Well
3 was shut down in early 1984 due to VOC contamina-
tion. As the number of contaminated wells within the
Praire due Chien-Jordan began increasing, EPA initiat-
ed several Initial Remedial Measures.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, 'Chemical industry, De-
contamination, Hazardous materials, "Remedial
action, Superfund, Record of decision.
PB88-106497/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
Mid-South Wood Products, Polk County, Arkan-
sas, November 1986. First Remedial Action. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
14 Nov 86, 85p EPA/ROD/R06-87/015
Errata sheet inserted.Portions of this document are not
fully legible.
The Mid-South Wood Products site is located in Polk
County, Arkansas, approximately 1 /2 mile southwest
of Mena, Arkansas. The 57-acre site includes the fol-
lowing areas: the Old Plant site, the Small Old Pond
and Old Pond areas, the North and South Landfarms,
the landfill, Clear Lake and an existing chromated
copper arsenate (CCA) treatment plant. The Old Plant
site was used to treat wood with pentachlorophenol
(PCP) and creosote; the Small Old Pond was the origi-
nal impoundment for waste PCP and creosote. These
two areas have been covered with soil. The Old Pond
area was used to store PCP and creosote sludge and
has since been graded and covered with soil; materials
from the Old Pond were spread over the Landfarm
areas and mixed into the soil; the Landfill area contains
deposits of sawdust, woodchips, and other waste
wood products; Clear Lake receives runoff from all the
above areas; the CCA treatment plant contains an on-
going wood treating operation where the surface drain-
age from the plant is put in sumps.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, 'Chemical industry, De-
contamination, Hazardous materials, "Remedial
action, Superfund, Record of decision, PAHs, PCP,
CCA, Arsenic, Chromium, Polk County(Arkansas).
PB88-106505/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
Bayou Sorrel, Louisiana, November 1986. First Re-
medial Action. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
14 Nov 86, 65p EPA/ROD/R06-87/016
The Bayou Sorrel site is located in Iberville Parish,
Louisiana approximately 20 miles southwest of Baton
Rouge, LA. Fifty acres of the 265-acre site have been
used for waste disposal. The waste disposal areas
consist of four landfills: a spent lime cell, a crushed
drum cell, four covered liquid waste ponds, and a land
farm. The remaining acres are covered by dense brush
and trees. The entire site has a marshy, bayou-type
environment and is prone to flooding and poor drain-
age. Early in 1977, the Environmental Purification Ad-
vancement Corporation (EPAC) began operating the
Bayou Sorrel site. A sister firm, Clean Land Air Water,
Inc. (CLAW) operated an injection well approximately
six miles south of the site EPAC operations included
landfarming, open liquid impoundments, drum burial
and landfilling of chemically fixated wastes. The fixa-
tion process is unknown but may have included lime,
cement, and native soils. EPAC and CLAW were two
separate operations, however, it was suggested that
wastes from the injection well were diverted to EPAC
when process problems at the well caused a bottle-
neck. In the summer of 1978, a truck driver died at the
site.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, "Chemical industry, De-
contamination, Hazardous materials. Hydrogen sul-
fide, Pesticides, Herbicides, Organic compounds,
Volatile organic compounds, "Remedial action. Super-
fund, Record of decision, Iberville Parish(Louisiana).
Hydrogen sulfide, Pesticides, Herbicides.
PB88-106513/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
Hardage/Criner, McClaln County, Oklahoma, No-
vember 1986. First Remedial Action. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
14 Nov 86, 97p EPA/ROD/R06-87/017
The Hardage/Criner site is located in McClain County,
Oklahoma, approximately 15 miles southwest of
Norman, Oklahoma. The area is agricultural with land
on all sides of the site used for grazing cattle. From
September 1972 to November 1980, the site was op-
erated by the Royal Hardage Industrial - Hazardous
Wasteland and Disposal Facility and was permitted to
accept all types of industrial and hazardous wastes
except radioactive materials. The types of waste in-
cluded: oil, recycling wastes, chlorinated solvents, sty-
rene tars, acids, caustics, paint sludges, lead, chromi-
um, cyanide, arsenic, pesticides, inks, PCBs, and large
quantities of unknown wastes from injection wells and
other facilities including what became the Brio and Bio-
ecology Superfund sites. Originally, two pits were ex-
cavated; liquids and sludges from drums and tank
trucks were discharged directly into these unlined pits.
However, both pits filled to capacity. Wastes from the
pits were transferred to temporary ponds and then
piled on a sludge mound. A total of 18 to 20 million gal-
lons of waste was disposed at the site.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, "Chemical industry, De-
contamination, Hazardous materials, Water pollution,
Contaminants, 'Remedial action, Superfund, Record
of decision.
PB88-106521/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
Petro-Chemical Systems, Liberty County, Texas,
March 1987. First Remedial Action. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
27 Mar 87, 39p EPA/ROD/R06-87/018
The Petro-Chemical Systems site is a 296-acre tract of
land located in Liberty County, Texas. It is in a sparsely
populated area seven miles north of 1-10 off Frontier
Park Road. Waste oils were stored onsite prior to their
use, in several pits on approximately four to six acres
of the site. Records indicate that waste oils were
spread on Frontier Park Road at the site as a method
of dust control. In June 1970, all waste oil disposal op-
erations were discontinued and in 1974, the site's
commercial disposal facility permit was withdrawn.
The Texas Water Commission (TWC) and EPA con-
ducted preliminary investigations of the site in 1982
and 1984. Elevated concentrations of polyaromatic hy-
drocarbons (PAHs) were found in the former disposal
pits. At the end of 1984, the site was placed on the
NPL. The primary contaminants of concern include:
VOCs, PAHs, benzene and napthalene. Benzene con-
tamination was found up to a maximum concentration
of 2100 ppm and napthalene up to a maximum con-
centration of 700 ppm. Contaminated media includes
soil along Frontier Park Road.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Chemical industry, De-
contamination, Hazardous materials, Liberty
County(Texas), 'Remedial action, Superfund, Record
of decision. Volatiles, PAHs, Benzene, Napthalene.
PB88-106S39/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
Bayou Bonfouca, Slldell, Louisiana, March 1087.
Second Remedial Action. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
31 Mar 87, 73p EPA/ROD/R06-87/019
See also PB85-249472.
The Bayou Bonfouca site is an abandoned creosote
works facility that was operational from 1892 to 1970
It is located north of Lake Pontchartrain in Slidell, Lou-
isiana in a 100-year flood plain, and is characterized by
standing water and saturated surface soil. The creti
sote plant treated pilings for use in railway construc-
tion. Over the years, the plant operated under the own-
ership of various creosote companies. Present proper-
ty ownership is with the Braseman Corporation. Nu-
merous creosote releases occurred during the years of
operation. Since 1976, numerous studies were done to
examine the extent of the problems orginating from the
Bayou site and in December 1982, the site was placed
on the NPL. The primary contaminants of concern are
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) includina<
benzo(a) pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene
benzo(b)flouranthene,	benzo(k)fiuoranthene
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
indeno(1,2,3,-cd) yrene, and chrysene. In August
1985, excavation and otlsite landfilling on creosote
waste piles was addressed in a source control opera-
ble unit ROD. The determination of the extent ol soil
contamination was the focus of this second operable
unit.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, "Chemical industry, De-
contamination, Hazardous materials, Water pollution,
•Remedial action, Superfund, Record of decision.
PB88-106S47/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 8):
Rocky Mountain Arsenal Off-Post RI/FS Site,
Commerce City, Colorado, June 1987. First Reme-
dial Action. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
4 Jun 87, 122p EPA/ROD/R08-87/011
The Rocky Mountain Arsenal (RMA) is a facility owned
and operated by the United States Department of the
Army. It was established in 1942 with the primary mis-
sion of manufacturing and assembling chemical and
incendiary munitions to support the war effort. After-
wards, pesticides and herbicides were produced on-
post by private leases. Many of these substances, their
by-products and residues were later disposed of on-
post. The RMA off-post site is located northeast of
downtown Denver, Colorado, adjacent to RMA. The
area is nearly completely developed with residential
subdivisions, industrial facilities and gravel operations.
South Adams County Water and Sanitation District
(SACWSD) was created in 1953 to supply approxi-
mately 30,000 customers with well water from the allu-
vium and bedrock. Recent studies by EPA and
SACWSD indicate that significant concentrations of or-
ganic solvents are present in the local and Regional
ground water system which is the main source of drink-
ing water for SACWSD. The operable unit addresses
treatment or replacement of contaminated ground
water within the RMA off-post site prior to its use as
drinking water by customers of the SACWSD.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, "Chemical industry, De-
contamination, Hazardous materials, Air pollution,
Water pollution, "Remedial action, Superfund, Record
of decision.
PB88-106869/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Recovery of Low-Level Radioactive Waste Pack-
ages from Deep Ocean Disposal Sites. Technical
rept.,
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MA Dept. of
Ocean Engineering.
B.B.Walden. Mar87,43pWHOI-87-14
Contract EPA-68-01-6272
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.
The paper presents the methods used for the recovery
of three low-level radioactive waste packages from
deep ocean disposal sites in the Atlantic and Pacific
Oceans. The design of the recovery equipment and its
utilization by the submersibles ALVIN and PISCES VI is
described. Considerations for future waste disposal
and recovery techniques are provided.
Keywords: 'Radioactive wastes, "Materials recovery,
"Marine salvage, Waste disposal, Deep ocean vehi-
cles, Containers, "Ocean waste disposal, 'Radioac-
tive waste disposal.
PB88-106984/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Assessment of Hazardous Wastes for Genotoxl-
city,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC,
D M DeMarini. and V S. Houk. Sep 87,14p EPA/
600/D-87/285
The authors have evaluated a group of short-term
bioassays to identify those that may be suitable for
screening large numbers of diverse hazardous indus-
trial wastes for genotoxicity. Fifteen wastes (and dich-
loromethane extracts of these wastes) from a variety
of manufacturing processes were tested for mutage-
nicity in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and
TA100 with and without Aroclor 1254-induced rat-liver
38. Ten of these wastes were fed by gavage to F-344
male rats, and the raw urines were assayed for muta-
genicity in the presence of beta-glucuronidase in strain
TA98 with S9. Six of these urines were extracted by
C18/methanol elution, incubated with beta-glucuroni-
dase, and evaluated in strain TA98 with S9 and beta-
glucuronidase. Fourteen of the wastes were examined
for their ability to induce prophage lambda in Escheri-
chia coli in a microsuspension assay. A second set of
wastes, consisting of four industrial wastes, were eval-
uated in Salmonella and in a series of mammalian cell
assays to measure mutagenicity, cytogenetic effects,
and transformation.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Bioas-
say, Screening, "Genotoxicity, Salmonella typhimur-
ium, Mutagenesis.
PB88-106992/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Structure-Toxicity Relationships for Industrial
Chemicals Causing Type(ll) Narcosis Syndrome.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
1987, 9p EPA/600/D-87/286
Pub. in QSAR in Environmental Toxicology-ll, p385-
391 1987.
Several structure-activity relationships have been pub-
lished tor estimating the lethality of nonpolar nonelec-
trolytes to fish. The vast majority of non-reactive indus-
trial chemicals produce toxicity symptoms consistent
with narcosis. However, researchers have found that
many chemicals which appear to produce narcosis,
are substantially more toxic than the published struc-
ture-toxicity relationship predicts. Researchers ob-
served that these chemicals are more polar and often
have acidic hydrogen bond donor functional groups.
The data are consistent with the 'polar' narcotic class
proposed by Ferguson five decades ago. The struc-
ture-toxicity relationship for polar narcotics (n = 39; r2
= 0.90) with fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas)
is: log LC50 = -0.65 (+ or - 0.07) log P-2.29 (+ or -
0.22). The paper presents the data for the relationship
and discusses the structural requirements for the tox-
icity syndrome.
Keywords: "Narcosis, "Organic compounds, "Toxicity,
Minnows, Phenols, Anilines, Hydrogen bonds, Models,
Lethality.
PB88-107008/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Tetra-, Penta- and Hexachlorodibenzofurans.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Mar 83,60p EPA/600/X-84/114
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Tetra-, Penta- and Hexachlorodibenzofurans was pre-
pared by the Office of Health and Environmental As-
sessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste to
support listings of hazardous constituents of a wide
range of waste streams under Section 3001 of the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Both
published literature and information obtained from
Agency program office files were evaluated as they
pertained to potential human health, aquatic life and
environmental effects of hazardous waste constitu-
ents. Quantitative estimates have been presented pro-
vided sufficient data are available. Existing data are In-
sufficient to determine an Acceptable Daily Intake
(ADI) or a carcinogenic factor for Tetra-, Penta- and
Hexachlorodibenzofurans.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes. Streams, Water pollu-
tion, "Health and Environmental Effects Profiles, "Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act, Carcinogene-
sis, Acceptable daily intake, Toxic substances, Phar-
macokinetics, "Hexachlorodibenzofurans, "Tetrach-
lorodibenzofurans, "Pentachlorodibenzofurans.
PB88-107016/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Expert System for Mixing Zone Analysis of Toxic
and Conventional Discharges,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. School of Civil and Environ-
mental Engineering.
G. H. Jirka, and R. L. Doneker. Sep 87,11p EPA/600/
D-87/250
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Athens
GA.
Special water quality regulations have been proposed
to limit lethal acute concentrations of toxic pollutants
to a spatially restricted toxic dilution zone. Predictive
mathematical models are used to establish the initial
dilution of a given discharge and the characteristics of
its mixing zone. To assist the analyst in choosing the
appropriate models, determining the limits of applica-
bility, and establishing data needs, an expert system
has been developed. The structured computer pro-
gram uses knowledge and inference procedures ob-
tained from experts. The personal-computer-operated
program, called CORMIX1. is a subsystem of the Cor-
nell Mixing Zone Expert System. In current testing,
CORMIX1 appears to be a highly flexible tool for regu-
latory analysis that is adaptable to the evaluation of al-
ternatives in engineering design. The knowledge base
and model logic are easily understood and thus offer
an excellent learning environment.
Keywords: "Water quality, Regulations, Mathematical
models, "Expert systems,CORMIX1, "Mixingzones.
PB88-107032/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Prevention Reference Manual: Chemical Specific.
Volume 10. Control of Accidental Releases of Hy-
drogen Cyanide. Final rept. Nov 86-Jun 87,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
D. S. Davis, G. B. DeWolf, and J. D. Quass. Sep 87,
134p DCN-87-203-024-98-35, EPA/600/8-87/034J
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
See also PB87-227047. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report discusses the control of accidental re-
leases of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) to the atmosphere.
HCN has an IDLH (immediately dangerous to life and
health) concentration of 50 ppm, making it an acute
toxic hazard. Reducing the risk associated with an ac-
cidental release of HCN involves identifying some of
the potential causes of accidental releases that apply
to the process facilities that use HCN. The manual
identifies examples of potential causes and measures
that may be taken to reduce the accidental release
risk. Such measures include recommendations on:
plant design practices; prevention, protection, and
mitigation technologies; and operation and mainte-
nance practices. Conceptual cost estimates of exam-
ple prevention, protection, and mitigation measures
are provided. The accidental release of a toxic chemi-
cal at Bhopal, India, in 1984 was a milestone in creat-
ing an increased public awareness of toxic release
problems. As a result of other, perhaps less dramatic,
incidents in the past, portions of the chemical industry
were aware of this problem long before Bhopal.
Keywords: "Hydrogen cyanide, Prevention, Accidents,
Toxicity, Materials handling, Maintenance, Packaging,
Cost estimates, "Air pollution control, Monitors, Sta-
tionary sources, "Accidental releases.
PB88-107057/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effect of Secondary Effluents on Eutrophicatlon
In Las Vegaa Bay, Lake Mead, Nevada. Journal arti-
cle,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. C. Greene, W. E. Miller, and E. Merwin. 1986,14p
EPA/600/J-86/406
Pub. in Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, v29 p391-402
Jan 86.
The eutrophication potential of Lake Mead, with pri-
mary emphasis on Las Vegas Bay, was determined
with Selenastrum capricornutum. Nutrient limitation
profiles were determined for three sampling stations in
Las Vegas Bay and one in Boulder Basin. After heavy
metals were chelated with EDTA, P was identified as
the primary limiting nutrient with N the secondary limit-
ing nutrient for S. capricornutum. Productivity potential
was highest in upper Las Vegas Bay near the sewage
inflow, Toward the mouth of the bay and in Boulder
Basin, progressively lower potentials were defined.
Productivity potential could not be predicted from the
filtered samples because the nutrients bound up in the
indigenous biomass remained on the filters. Autoclav-
ing followed by filtration prior to assay enabled S. ca-
pricornutum to produce yields relative to the productiv-
ity observed in the lake.
Keywords: "Phosphorus, "Water pollution, "Lake
Mead, "Las Vegas Bay, Sampling, Nutrients, Metals,
Nitrogen, Algae, Biomass, Phosphorus inorganic
acids. Nitrogen inorganic compounds,
Concentration(Composition), Bioassay, Biological pro-
ductivity, Sewage disposal, Chemical analysis, Re-
prints, 'Eutrophication, Heavy metals.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-107065/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Use of Respiratory-Cardiovascular Responses of
Rainbow Trout ('Salmo gairdneri') in Identifying
Acute Toxicity Syndromes in Fish: Part 1. Pen-
tachiorophenoi, 2,4-Dinitrophenol, Tricaine. Meth-
anesulfonate and 1-Octanol. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. M. McKim, P. K. Schmieder, R. W. Carlson, E. P.
Hunt, and G. J. Niemi. C1987, 20p EPA/600/J-87/067
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v6
p295-312 Apr 87, See also PB88-107073. Prepared in
cooperation with Minnesota Univ.-Duluth.
An in vivo fish model was adapted to monitor respirato-
ry-cardivascular responses of spinally transected rain-
bow trout exposed to acutely toxic aqueous concentra-
tions of two uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation,
pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP),
and two narcotics, tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-
222) and 1-octanol. Individual principal component
analyses of the cardiovascular-respiratory responses
of fish exposed to the first two principal conponents
explained 68 to 76% of the variation in the 18 param-
eters analyzed. The general sets of responses de-
scribed for these two fish acute toxicity syndromes
have provided the initial information necessary to
group similar responses caused by other chemicals
into a fish uncoupler syndrome, a fish narcosis syn-
drome or some new syndrome. (Copyright (c) Environ-
mental Toxicology and Chemistry Vol. 6, pp. 295-312,
1987, Pergamon Journals, Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Respiration, "Cardiovascular system,
'Trout, Phosphorylation, Toxicity, Toxicology, Anes-
thetics, Narcosis, Ecology, Aquatic animals, Reprints,
Salmo gairdneri, Phenol/pentachloro, Dinitrophenol.
PB88-107073/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Use of Respiratory-Cardiovascular Responses of
Rainbow Trout ('Salmo gairdneri') In Identifying
Acute Toxicity Syndromes In Fish: Part 2. Malathi-
on, Carbaryl, Acrolein and Benzaldehyde. Journal
article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. M. McKim, P. K. Schmieder, G. J. Niemi, R. W.
Carlson, andT. R. Henry. c1987,18p EPA/600/J-87/
068
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v6
p313-328 Apr 87. See also PB88-107065. Prepared in
cooperation with Minnesota Univ.-Duluth.
An in vivo fish model was used to monitor the respira-
tory-cardiovascular responses of individually spinally
transected rainbow trout exposed to acutely toxic
aqueous concentrations of two acetylcholinesterase
(AChE) inhibitors, malathion and carbaryl, and two
mucous membrane irritants, acrolein and benzalde-
hyde. Individual principal components analyes of the
cardiovascular-respiratory responses of fish exposed
to the four chemicals showed that the variables were
highly correlated and that the first two principal compo-
nents explained 55 to 70% of the variation in the 18
parameters analyzed. Sets of toxic responses were
developed to describe two new fish acute toxicity syn-
dromes (FATS), one for AChE inhibitors and one for
Inspiratory irritants. These were combined with the
FATS for respiratory uncouplers and narcotics from
previous work prior to discriminant function analysis
(DFA). DFA was used to predict the specific FATS for
a chemical based on the cardiovascular-respiratory re-
sponses observed during intoxication. DFA on these
responses resulted in a 100% correct separation of
four specific FATS for all 32 trout tested, (Copyright (c)
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 1987.)
Keywords: "Cholinesterase inhibitors, 'Fishes, Toxici-
ty, Malathion, Acroleins, Benzaldehydes, Respiration,
Cardiovascular system. Trout, Reprints, Carbaryl.
PB88-107081/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Design and Characterization of an Isokinetic Sam-
pling Train for Particle Size Measurements Using
Emission Gas Recycle. Journal article.
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
A D Williamson. R. S. Martin, D. B. Harris, and T. E.
Ward. C1987, 7p EPA/600/J-87/066
Contract EPA-68-02-3118
Pub. in JAPCA, v37 n3 P249-253 Mar 87. Sponsored
bv Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research
Lab.
The paper describes a particulate sampling train that
satisfies the conflicting requirements of isokinetic
sample extraction and constant flow rate through an
inertial sizing device. A variable fraction of the filtered
emission gas is added to the sample upstream of the
inertial sizing device to maintain a preselected flow
rate through the device, while the gas flow rate into the
sampling nozzle is adjusted to remain isokinetic with
the local duct velocity. The prototype emission gas
recycl (EGR) train was constructed by relatively simple
modifications of a commercially available Method 5
sampling system, and much of the sampling technique
is identical with Method 5 protocol. The train was
tested by comparing parallel runs in the EPA/SoRI
wind tunnel using redispersed fly ash. In one series of
runs performed without inertial sizing devices, the EGR
train and a colocated non-EGR train sampled three-
point traverses. (Copyright (c) JAPCA 1987.)
Keywords: 'Particle size, 'Kinetics, 'Emission, Parti-
cles, Gases, Sampling, Measurement, Fly ash. Re-
prints, Particulates, Pollution control, Stationary
sources.
PB88-107099/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Simulated Acidic Rain on One Species
Each of 'Pseudoparmelia', 'Usnea', and 'Umbill-
caria'. Journal article,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN. Environmental Sciences
Div.
L. L. Sigal, and J. W. Johnston. C1986,11p EPA/600/
J-86/396
Pub. in Water, Air and Soil Pollution, v27 p315-322
1986. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
The lichens Pseudoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale, Usnea
of subfusca Stirt., and Umbilicaria mammulata (Ach.)
Tuck, were exposed to simulated acidic rain with pH
levels of 2.3, 3.0, 3.3,4.3, or 5.6 and other ions in con-
centrations normally found in rain in the eastern United
States. The pH levels of the most acidic treatments
(3.3, 3.0, 2.3) were similar to those found in fog, cloud
water, and occasional rainfall events. The pH 4.3 and
5.6 treatments compared to average ambient condi-
tions in the eastern and western United States, re-
spectively, and caused no significant effects on photo-
synthesis. However, after the first week of treatment,
significant effects of rain pH at the most acidic treat-
ments on gross photosynthesis were detected in P. ca-
perata and U. mammulata, but not in U. of subfusca.
Visible effects of injury were also observed and includ-
ed bleaching, necrotic spots, and necrotic margins,
which resembled damage seen in field populations of
U. mammulata, the most sensitive species. (Copyright
(c) 1986 by D. Reidel Publishing Company.)
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Lichens, Exposure, Toxicity,
pH, Rain, Photosynthesis, Environment simulation, Re-
prints, 'Acid rain, 'Air pollution effects(Plants), Pseu-
doparmelia caperata, Umbilicaria mammulata, Usnea
of subfusca.
PB88-107107/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Ozone-Induced Ethylene Release from Leaf Sur-
faces. Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
K. D. Rodecap, and D. T. Tingey. C1986,6p EPA/600/
J-86/398
Pub. in Plant Science, v44 p73-76 Mar 86. Prepared in
cooperation with Corvallis Environmental Research
Lab., OR.
Ozone-induced stress ethylene emissions from the ad-
axial and abaxial leaf surfaces of four plant species
(Glycine max (L) Merr. cv. Dare, Lycopersicon esculen-
tum Mill cv. Roma VF, Eucalyptus globulus Labill. and
Hedera helix L.) were studied to determine if the stress
ethylene diffused through the stomata or cuticle. In
plants not exposed to ozone, basal ethylene was de-
tected above both the adaxial and abaxial leaf sur-
faces of all the plant species examined, indicating that
some ethylene can diffuse across the leaf cuticle.
Oxone-induced stress ethylene production in all spe-
cies examined. These data indicate that ozone-in-
duced stress ethylene primarily diffuses from the leaf
via the stomata. (Copyright (c) 1986 Elsevier Scientific
Publishers Ireland Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Ethylene, 'Ozone, 'Plants(Botany),
Stems(Botany), Emissions, Leaves(Botany), Pollution,
Plant ecology, Reprints, Environmental impacts.
PB88-107115/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Comparative Toxicity of Ten Organic Chemicals
to Four Earthworm Species. Journal article,
New York State Coll. of Agriculture and Life Sciences,
Ithaca. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering.
E. F. Neuhauser, P. R. Durkin, M. R. Malecki, and M.
Anatra. C1986, 6p EPA/600/J-86/397
Grant EPA-R-810006
Pub. in Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,
v83C n1 p197-200 1986. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY. Sponsored by Corvallis
Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Ten organic chemicals were tested for toxicity to four
earthworm species: Allolobophora tuberculata, Eisenia
fetida, Eudrilus eugeniae and Perionyx excavatus,
using the European Economic Community's (EEC)
earthworm artificial soil and contact testing procedure.
The phenols were the most toxic chemicals tested, fol-
lowed by the amine, substituted benzenes, halogenat-
ed aliphatic hydrocarbon, polycyclic aromatic hydro-
carbon and phthalate as the least toxic chemical
tested. Correlations among species within each type of
test for a given chemical were extremely high, suggest-
ing that the selection of earthworm test species does
not markedly affect the assessment of a chemical's
toxicity. The correlation between the two tests was low
for all test species. The contact test LC50 for a given
chemical cannot be directly correlated to an artificial
soil test LC50 for the same earthworm species. (Copy-
right (c) Pergamon Press Ltd. 1986.)
Keywords: 'Worms, 'Organic compounds, 'Toxicity,
Soil tests, Hazardous materials, Toxicology, Phenols,
Amines, Benzene, Hydrocarbons, Phthalates, Re-
prints, Hazardous waste.
PB88-107123/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Importance of Sample pH on Recovery of Mutage-
nicity from Drinking Water by XAD Resins. Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH. Toxicol-
ogy and Microbiology Div.
H. P. Ringhand, J. R. Meier, F. C. Kopfler, K. M.
Schenck, and W. H. Kaylor. 1987, 6p EPA/600/J-87/
081
Pub. in Environmental, Science and Technology, v21
n4 p382-387 Apr 87.
Sample pH and the presence of a chlorine residual
were evaluated for their effects on the recovery of mu-
tagenicity in drinking water following concentration by
XAD resins. The levels of mutagenicity in the pH 2 con-
centrates were 7-8 fold higher than those of the pH 8
concentrates, suggesting that acidic compounds ac-
counted for the majority of the mutagenicity. The pres-
ence of a chlorine residual had little effect on the
levels of mutagenicity at either pH. Comparisons of the
mutagenic activity for the pH 2 resin concentrates vs
pH 8 concentrates prepared by lyophilization further in-
dicated that the acidic mutagens were products of dis-
infection with chlorine and not artifacts of the sample
acidification step in the concentration procedure.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Chlorination, "Pota-
ble water, Toxicology, pH, Water analysis. Acidity, En-
vironmental impact, Reprints, "Mutagenicity, Health
risks.
PB88-107131/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Occurrence, Significance, and Detection of 'Kleb-
siella' In Water Systems. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH
Water Engineering Research Lab.
E. E. Geldreich, and E. W. Rice. 1987,9p EPA/600/J-
87/079
Pub. in Jnl. of American Water Works Association v79
n5 p74-80 May 87.
Widespread occurrences of Klebsiella in water distri-
bution networks have resulted in much discussion
about the organism's effect on public health and about
action that snould be taken when Klebsiella is detect-
ed in public water supplies. Results obtained during
development and testing of an improved medium for
detecting Klebsiella showed that the medium (M-Kleb)
has excellent differentiating characteristics and an av-
erage recovery rate of 94 percent for Klebsiella. This
medium can also be used as a supplemental streak
plate to demonstrate the presence of Klebsiella durina
membrane filter coliform verification or during the mi3!
tiple-tube confirmation process.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Klebsiella, 'Water supply, Enterobacteria-
ceae, Coliform bacteria, Microorganism
control(Water), Disinfection, Public health, Water pol-
lution, Detection, Reprints.
PB88-107164/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Coastal Monitoring: Evaluation of Monitoring
Methods in Narragansett Bay, Long Island Sound
and New York Bight, and a General Monitoring
Strategy,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl,
D. K. Phelps, C. H. Katz, K. J. Scott, and B. H.
Reynolds. 1987, 20p EPA/600/D-87/248
Pub. in New Approaches to Monitoring Aquatic Eco-
systems, American Society for Testing and Materials
Special Technical Publication 940, p107-124 1987.
The paper evaluates biological, chemical, and physical
monitoring methods and presents a research strategy
for coastal monitoring. The purpose of the strategy is
to provide a conceptual model for detecting contami-
nant-induced perturbations of marine systems. The
proposed strategy represents a shift in emphasis from
analysis of chemical concentrations to an initial biolog-
ical examination of the effects of contaminants on
marine organisms. Evidence of adverse biological ef-
fects obtained in this hierarchical strategy would result
in the application of chemical and physical techniques
to identify the types and sources of contaminants.
Keywords: "Coasts, 'Monitoring, Contaminants,
Growth, Survival, Narragansett Bay, Long Island
Sound, New York Bight, Reprints, 'Biological effects.
Coastal ecology, Marine environments.
PB88-107172/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Significant Findings Related to Formation of
Chlorinated Organics In the Presence of Chlora-
mines,
Thornton, CO.
R. Arber, M. A. Speed, and F. Scully c1984,16p EPA/
600/D-87/249
Grant EPA-R-809333
Pub. in Proceedings of Conference on Wat. Chlor.,
Env. Impact and Health Effects (5th), Williamsburg,
VA., June 3-8, 1984, v5 p951-963. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water
Engineering Research Lab.
The primary objective of the drinking water industry is
to produce safe, potable water for its consumers at the
lowest possible cost. As the definition of acceptable
quality changes via federal regulations, many commu-
nities are experiencing difficulty in meeting the objec-
tive. Of particular concern for some communities is the
ability to meet the trihalomethane (THM) standard.
Previous research indicates that the use of combined
chlorine as an alternative to free chlorine disinfection
is one way that a utility can meet the THM standard.
Currently, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) is concerned about the practice of chloramina-
tion as a means of disinfection because of its lower
bactericidal control characteristics, as well as the pos-
sible formation of unidentified by-products. Recent re-
search performed at Thornton, Colorado, has indicat-
ed that these concerns are warranted and that the
quality characteristics of a water disinfected with chlor-
amines varies considerably with the method of forma-
tion of combined chlorine. (Copyright (c) 1984 Env.
Impact and Health Effects.)
Keywords: "Potable water, 'Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Water quality, Standards, Disinfection, Chlor-
ination, Thornton(Colorado), Reprints, 'Chloramines,
Methane/trihalo.
PB88-107180/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Waste Minimization Audit Report: Case Studies of
Corrosive and Heavy Metal Waste Minimization at
a Specialty Steel Manufacturing Complex.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Auq 87, 90p EPA/600/2-87/055
Contract EPA-68-01-7053
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is
expanding its efforts to promote waste minimization
activity in the private sector by providing technical as-
sistance to generators of hazardous waste. As part of
the effort, the EPA Office of Research and Develop-
ment/Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Labo-
ratory (ORD/HWERL), Cincinnati, Ohio, is promoting
the development of a generalized or model waste mini-
mization audit (WMA) procedure and testing this pro-
cedure in actual production facilities agreeing to coop-
erate with the audit teams selected for this task. In the
report, results are presented of WMAs conducted at
generators of corrosive heavy metals wastes. A spe-
cialty steel manufacturing complex employing electric
arc furnaces (EAFs) for the manufacture of stainless
and electrical steels, hot and cold rolling facilities for
fabrication of the various steel grades into strip, and
annealing and pickling facilities for finishing the strip,
agreed to provide host facilities for the WMA effort re-
ported herein.
Keywords: 'Steel making, Waste treatment, Metals,
Electric furnaces, Hazardous materials, Auditing,
Technology transfer, Industrial wastes, "Waste minimi-
zation audit, Heavy metals, Hazardous waste, Solid
waste management.
PB88-107198/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Copper, Nickel and Zinc on Three Spe-
cies of Oregon Freshwater Snails. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A V. Nebeker, A. Stinchfield, C. Savonen, and G. A.
Chapman. 1986, 7p EPA/600/J-86/407
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v5
P807-811 May 86.
Three snail species collected from western Oregon
were exposed to metals - Juga plicifera and Lithogly-
phus virens, which inhabit cool coastal streams, and
Physa gyrina, which is found in Willamette Valley
ponds. J. plicifera were exposed in flow-through labo-
ratory tests to copper and nickel, L. virens were ex-
posed to copper, and P. gyrina were exposed to nickel
and zinc. J. plicifera has a 96-h LC50 (50% of the test
group died) of 0.015 mg/L for copper and a no ob-
served effect level (NOEL, mortality not significantly
different from that in control groups) of 0.006 mg/L
(30-d survival). J. plicifera had a 96-h LC50 for nickel of
0.237 mg/L and a NOEL of 0.124 mg/L. L. virens had
a 96-h LC50 for copper of 0.008 mg/L and a NOEL of
less than 0.008 mg/L. P. gyrina had a 96-h LC50 for
nickel of 0.239 mg/L, a 96-h LC50 for zinc of 1.274
mg/L and a NOEL for zinc of 0.570 mg/L.
Keywords: "Snails, "Metals, "Toxicology, Copper,
Nickel, Zinc, Toxicity, Oregon, Exposure, Water qual-
ity, Juga plicifera, Lithoglyphus virens, Physa gyrina.
PB88-107206/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Physiological Response of Rainbow Trout ('Saimo
gairdneri) to Acute Fenvalerate Intoxication. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
S. P. Bradbury, J. M. McKim, and J. R. Coats. c1987,
17p EPA/600/J-87/069
Pub. in Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, v27
P275-288 Mar 87. Prepared in cooperation with Iowa
State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Entomology.
The physiological responses of rainbow trout (Salmo
gairdneri) to fenvalerate intoxication during aqueous
exposure were examined to provide information about
the pyrethroid mode of action in fish. Trout (n = 4)
were exposed to 412 + or - 50 micro/liter fenvalerate
and died in 10.9 + or -1.5 hr. Brain, liver, and carcass
fenvalerate concentrations associated with mortality
were 0.16 + or - 0.05, 3.62 + or - 0.57, and 0.25 + or
- 0.05 mg/kg, respectively. Visible signs of intoxication
included elevated cough rate, tremors, and seizures.
Histopathological examination of gill tissue showed
damage consistent with irritation. An evaluation of res-
piratory-cardiovascular and blood chemistry re-
sponses indicated an elevated rate of metabolism as-
sociated with increasingly severe seizures. A cessa-
tion of ventilatory and cardiac activity, occurring with
the seizures, was also observed. Finally, urine osmo-
lality. Na- and K+ concentrations, and Na+ and K +
excretion rates were elevated with intoxicated trout.
The physiological responses of rainbow trout to fenva-
lerate intoxication suggest that besides effects on the
nervous system, effects on respiratory surfaces and
renal ion regulation may be associated with the mech-
anism of pyrethroid action in fish. (Copyright (c) Pesti-
cide Biochemistry and Physiology 27, 275-288, 1987.)
Keywords: "Pesticideo, "Pyrethrum, "Trout, "Physio-
logical effects, Aquatic biology, Ecology, Insecticides,
Toxicity, Water pollution. Hazardous materials. Toxic
diseases, Reprints, Salmo gairdneri, Toxic substances.
PB88-107214/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Assessment of the TLC/Salmonella Assay for
Screening Hazardous Wastes,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Bioassay Branch.
V. S. Houk, and L. D. Claxton. Sep 87,22p EPA/600/
D-87/242
Using a modified version of the TLC/Salmonella assay
developed by Bjorseth et al. (1982), 10 complex haz-
ardous wastes were tested for mutagenic activity. The
method couples thin layer chromatography (TLC) with
the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome (Ames) assay
for the detection of mutagenic constituents in complex
mixtures. Crude hazardous wastes and selected haz-
ardous waste extracts were fractionated on commer-
cially available cellulose TLC plates. Mutagenicity test-
ing was performed by applying a single overlay of mini-
mal growth agar containing a tester strain of Salmonel-
la and the optional metabolic activation system directly
onto the developed chromatogram. Seven of 10 haz-
ardous wastes demonstrated mutagenic activity when
tested by the method. To assess the sensitivity of the
modified TLC/Salmonella assay, 14 Salmonella muta-
gens from a wide range of chemical classes and polari-
ties were tested. Eleven of the 14 mutagens were posi-
tive in the test system.
Keywords: "Salmonella, "Hazardous materials, "Muta-
gens, Bioassay, Thin layer chromatography, Wastes,
Tests, Samples, Toxicity, "Hazardous wastes.
PB88-107222/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Technical Assessment of Low-Pressure Pipe
Wastewater ln|ection Systems. Final rept. Mar 81-
Jul 83,
Urban Systems Research and Engineering, Inc., Cam-
bridge, MA.
D. R. Hargett. Sep 87,88p EPA/600/2-87/077
Contract EPA-68-03-3057
Prepared in cooperation with RSE Group, Madison,
Wl. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The 'Low Pressure Pipe Wastewater Injection System',
or LPP system, combines several innovative subsur-
face wastewater absorption system concepts into a
unique onsite design package. Most important among
the features of LPP systems are very shallow place-
ment, very narrow trenches, pressure-dosed distribu-
tion, loading on a system area basis, and rather flexible
site criteria. The system was developed in North Caro-
lina in response to intense growth and development in
unsewered areas with soils unsuitable for conventional
systems. Since about 1977 approximately 1600 LPP
systems have been installed in North Carolina, and
continued rapid proliferation is anticipated.
Keywords: "Waste water, Waste disposal, Waste
treatment, Soils, Absorption, Pipes(Tubes), Injection,
North Carolina.
PB88-107230/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Sampling Regimes and Bacteriological Tests for
Coliform Detection in Groundwater. Rept. for 1 Jun
84-31 Aug 86,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Microbiology.
0. A. Caldwell, and R. Y. Morita. Sep 87,41 p EPA/
600/2-87/083
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Since conventional procedures can fail to detect con-
forms in potable water, the effects of increased sam-
pling frequency and alternative bacteriological media
on coliform detection were evaluated for samples from
groundwater-fed public water supply systems. For
1560 drinking water samples collected from ten small
water systems in western Oregon, the Presence-Ab-
sence (P-A) test detected significantly more coliform
positive samples than either the conventional Mem-
brane Filtration (MF) test using mEndo agar-LES or the
five and ten replicate Fermentation Tube (FT) test. A
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
five-told increase in sampling frequency increased the
incidence of coliform detection 2.9 to 5.0 fold. An addi-
tional study of six hundred water samples demonstrat-
ed that five alternative coliform tests including the
Presence-Absence test and four MF media formula-
tions detected significantly more coliform positive
samples than the conventional MF test under either
aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Coliform densities
from the m-T7 test were 1.4 to 2.1 times greater than
for the other MF tests.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, "Ground water, 'Coliform
bacteria, Bacteriology, Aquatic microbiology, Sam-
pling, Potable water, Filtration, Water supply, Oregon,
'Water pollution detection, Water pollution sampling.
PB88-107263/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Determination of Arsenic by HPLC-Electrothermal
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Journal
article,
University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA.
V. A. Manneh, J. P. McGowan, and D. Y. Shirachi.
c1986, 6p EPA/600/D-87/275
Grant EPA-R-811619
Pub. in Proceedings of the Western Pharmocology So-
ciety, v29 p137-139 Feb 86. Sponsored by Health Ef-
fects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
It has been shown that arsenic is incorporated into the
tissues of marine, freshwater and mammalian orga-
nisms. It has also been demonstrated that various
forms of the arsenicals are biotransformed into several
compounds, the nature of which seem to be the organ-
ic derivatives of arsenic. The present paper describes
a method for the simultaneous determination of ar-
senic species in tissues using high performance liquid
chromatography coupled to a post-column hydride
generation system. The modified arsenicals are then
detected by electrothermal atomic absorption spectro-
photometry (E.A.A.). (Copyright (c) Proc. West. Phar-
macol. 1986.)
Keywords: 'Arsenic, 'Spectrophotometry, Chromatog-
raphy, Arsenic organic compounds, Rats, Laboratory
animals, Sensitivity, Chemical analysis, Reprints, 'Bio-
transformation, Electrothermal atomic absorption
spectrophotometry.
PB88-107271/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.
Tumorigenic Effect of Dimethylarsinic Acid in the
Rat. Journal article,
University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA.
M. G. Johansen, J. P. McGowan, S. H. Tu, and D. Y.
Shirachi. C1984, 5p EPA/600/D-87/277
Grant EPA-R-807235
Pub. in Proceedings of the Western Pharmacology So-
ciety, v27 p289-291 Feb 84. Sponsored by Health Ef-
fects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The development of neoplasms in humans exposed to
arsenic in the environment and in industry has been
suggested by epidemiological and several recent
animal studies. Sodium arsenite (Aslll) has been sug-
gested^ As a promoter of tumorigenesis in the kidney
of ~lethylnitrosamine (DENA)-initiated rats. In chronic
!rii'?av s,udies '• was found that dimethylarsinic acid
« w , was,as ,oxic as ,he inorganic arsenics, Aslll and
Asv (unpubished results). This was an unexpected
finding, since it has been assumed from acute toxicity
studies that DMA was an inactive metabolite. Since it
has been shown by a number of investigators that inor-
ganic arsenics are methylated to DMA, the results of
the study with Aslll could have been due to a biotrans-
formed methylated analogue. DMA. A two stage liver
model for carcinogenesis was utilized to study the ef-
fects of DMA on DENA initiated rats. Data are present-
ed here to suggest that DMA has a promoter carcino-
gen potential in both the kidney and liver. (Copyright
(c) Proc. West. Pharmacol, Soc. 1984.)
Keywords: "Arsenic, Toxicity, Kidney, Rats, Neo-
plasms, Liver, Carcinogens, Reprints, 'Tumor promot-
ers, "Carcinogenesis, Arsinic acid/dimethyl.
PB88-107503/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Biological Detoxification Research: Potential Uses
for a Fungal Species,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
900 Vol. 90, No. 24
J A. Glaser, and P. R. Sferra. Sep 87, 12p EPA/600/
D-87/301
Some of the more common substructures of lignin, cat-
echol diethers, alkylarenes, and biphenyls, resemble
the chemical structure of many persistent organic
compounds contaminating the environment. The re-
markable similarity in structure led several investiga-
tors to research the applicability of a white rot fungus,
Phanerochaete chrysosporium, to the biodegradation
of hazardous waste constituents. The Hazardous
Waste Engineering Research Laboratory of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency has funded research
to determine the feasibility of using P. chrysosporium
to degrade organic pollutants. The white rot fungus re-
search continues to stimulate interest and shows
promise for field applications. The parts of the re-
search program sponsored by the Hazardous Waste
Engineering Research Laboratory are starting to de-
velop major advances in the emerging biological con-
trol technology field.
Keywords: 'Biodegradation, "Fungi, 'Detoxification,
"Hazardous wastes, Pollution, Oxidation, Phanero-
chaete chrysosporium.
PB88-107511/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-
Chloro-1,3-Butadiene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Dec 83, 56p EPA/600/X-84/112
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-
Chloro-1,3-Butadiene was prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmen-
tal criteria assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste to support listinqs of hazardous
constituents of a wide range of waste streams under
Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act (RCRA). Both published literature and infor-
mation obtained from Agency program office files were
evaluated as they pertained to potenial human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. 2-
Chloro-1,3-Butadiene has been determined to be a
systemic toxicant. An Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI),
defined as the amount of a chemical to which humans
can be exposed on a daily basis over an extended
period of time (usually a lifetime) without suffering a
deleterious effect, for 2 Chloro-1,3-Butadiene is
1.9x10-3 mg/kg bw/day for oral exposure.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, Streams, Water pollu-
tion, "Health and Environmental Effects Profiles, "Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act, Carcinogene-
sis, Acceptable daily intake, Toxic substances. Phar-
macokinetics, 'Butadiene/chloro.
PB88-107S29/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Remedial Design and Remedial Action
Guidance (Revised).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Jun 86,105p* OSWER DIRECTIVE-9355.0-4A
Revision of report dated Feb 85.
The guidance document has been developed to assist
agencies and parties who plan, administer, and
manage remedial design (RD) and remedial action
(RA) at Superfund sites. The guidance document has
been developed primarily for use by remedial project
managers, state project officers, U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers personnel and responsible parties. The
document is organized to reflect the general sequence
of events that occurs prior to, during, and after remedi-
al design and remedial action at a Superfund site.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Waste disposal,
State government, Regulations, Sites, Management
planning, Law enforcement, Solid waste disposal, "Su-
perfund program, Liquid waste disposal.
PB88-107537/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Genetic Activity Profiles of Some Chemicals
Found In Hazardous Wastes,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
M D. Waters, H. F. Stack, and A. L. Brady. Sep 87, 24p
EPA/600/D-87/300
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Health
Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park
NC.
A methodology has been developed to display and
evaluate multiple test quantitative information on ge-
netic toxicants. Dose information is collected from the
open literature. Genetic activity profiles were prepared
for the use of the International Agency for Research
on Cancer (IARC) Working Group on Monographs
Supplement 6, 'Chemicals, Industrial Processes and
Industries Associated wilh Cancer in Humans'. These
profiles will constitute a quantitative data base on the
genetic and related effects of approximately 200
chemicals for which some data are available on car-
cinogenicity in humans. The information will be useful
for purposes of comparative chemical assessment and
should directly facilitate evaluation of genotoxic chemi-
cals associated with hazardous wastes. Some 34 of
the agents reviewed by the IARC are among 100 that
have been listed for development of toxicological pro-
files under the U.S. Superfund Amendments and Re-
authorization Act (SARA) of 1986. Genetic toxicity data
on an additional seven chemicals listed under SARA
are provided in the report.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, "Hazardous
wastes, 'Carcinogens, "Genetics, Toxicity, Chemical
tests, Sampling, Contamination, Exposure, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB88-107545/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
Viral Infections Based on Clinical Sampling at a
Spray Irrigation Site,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
D. E. Camann, and B. E. Moore. Sep 87,21 p EPA/
600/D-87/287
Grants EPA-R-807501, EPA-S-806204
Prepared in cooperation with Texas Univ. at Austin.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search T riangle Park, NC.
The Lubbock Infection Surveillance Study (LISS) moni-
tored viral and bacterial infections in a semiarid rural
American community surrounding a major new land
treatment demonstration project. The viral investiga-
tion examined the association of new viral infections in
residents and workers and their exposure to infectious
viruses through slow rate (sprinkler) land application of
wastewater. Viral infections were detected both
through serologic assay of semiannual blood samples
and through clinical virological analysis by tissue cul-
ture techniques of monthly routine fecal specimens.
The paper presents the results of the clinical sampling
for viral infections.
Keywords: 'Infectious diseases, "Enteroviruses,
Waste water, Sprinkler irrigation. Aerosols, Texas'
Viral diseases, Epidemiology, Reprints, 'Lubbock in-
fection surveillance study, Health risks.
PB88-107S78/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Michigan, Water Year
1986. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 85-30 Sep 86,
Geological Survey, Lansing, Ml. Water Resources Div.
J. B. Miller, J. C. Failing, and W. W. Larson. Jul 87
366p USGS/WDR/MI-86/1, USGS/WRD/HD-87/254
See also report for 1984, PB85-237741.
Water resources data for the 1986 water year for
Michigan consists of records of stage, discharge and
water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes
and reservoirs; and water levels and water tempera-
ture of ground water. The report contains discharge
records for 136 gaging stations; stage only records for
1 gaging station; stage and contents for 5 lakes and
reservoirs; water-quality records for 56 gaging sta-
tions; water-level records for 53 observation weds; and
water-temperature records for 6 observation wells
Also included are 52 crest-stage partial-record stations
and 33 low-flow partial-record stations.
Keywords: 'Ground water. 'Surface waters, 'Michi-
tan, Tables(Data). Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes*
treams, Reservoirs, Water table, 'Water quality data'
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-107602/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Organic Contaminant Control: Pilot Scale Studies
at Jefferson Parish, Louisiana. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
a. W. Lykins, W. Kolfskey, and R. G. Miller. C1986,23p
EPA/600/D-87/256
Pub. in Treatment of Drinking Water for Organic Con-
taminants: Proceedings of the National Conference on
Drinking Water (2nd), Edmonton, Canada, April 7-8,
1986, p263-282. Prepared in cooperation with Jeffer-
son Parish Dept. of Public Utilities, LA.
Disinfection of drinking water in the United States is
accomplished by four major disinfectants: chlorine,
monochloramine, chlorine dioxide, and ozone. These
four disinfectants were applied to four parallel streams
in a pilot plant located at Jefferson Parish, Louisiana.
Several organics, including surrogates such as TOC
and TOX, were evaluated to investigate the effects of
disinfection and treatment by sand filtration and GAC
adsorption. Also, five toxicological tests were conduct-
ed to determine the general toxicity and the mutagen-
ic/carcinogenic potential of disinfection and/or GAC
adsorption. Results of the study showed that ozona-
tion produced less organics in most but not all cases.
The short term animal toxicological studies revealed
difficulties in analyzing actual drinking waters for de-
tectable toxic effects
Keywords: "Disinfection, 'Water treatment, 'Streams,
Chlorine, Chlorine organic compounds, Amines,
Ozone, Sand filtration, Activated carbon treatment,
Toxicity, Chlorohydrocarbons, Pilot plants, Louisiana,
Reprints, Drinking water.
PBBS-107628/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Summary Review of Health Effects Associated
with Zinc and Zinc Oxide: Health Issue Assess-
ment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Jul 87,52p*
Zinc is a dense, bluish-white, relatively soft metal used
extensively in the galvanizing of iron and steel. Zinc
oxide, the most valued of the variety of compounds
formed by zinc is used principally in rubber products as
an activator in the vulcanization process and in the
treatment of burns, infections, and skin diseases. Zinc
occurs naturally in the environment; however, zinc may
also enter the environment as the result of mining and
processing the production of zinc oxide and the manu-
facture and use of products containing zinc oxide, the
combustion of coal and oil, the production of iron and
steel, and the incineration of refuse. Humans are
mainly exposed to zinc through the ingestion of food
(between 8 and 18.6 mg/kg/day) and drink (averaging
up to 10 mg/day). Based on annual average airborne
zinc concentrations in areas throughout the United
States without mines or smelters of generally < 1mg/
cu. m., the contribution of zinc from inhaled air repre-
sents an insignificant amount of daily zinc exposure,
averaging approximately 20 micrograms. The literature
on the toxic effects of zinc is limited. The most widely
known systemic effect resulting from acute inhalation
of freshly formed zinc oxide fumes is a disease called
'metal fume fever'. Metal fume fever occurs in certain
occupational settings and the exposure level at which
the fever occurs is not known.
Keywords: "Zinc, 'Zinc oxide, 'Toxicology, Physiologi-
cal effects, Reviews, Assessments, Air pollution,
"Health risks. Environmental health.
PB88-107735/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Evaluation of Emission Sources at a Waferboard
Manufacturing Plant. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
j. H. E. Stelling. Sep 87, 77p EPA/450/3-87/021
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
A state pollution control agency requested assistance
from EPA's Control Technology Center (CTC) in deter-
mining possible emission sources within the plant and
assessing potential controls for those emissions. The
report summarizes the results of a site visit and the
review of the plant operations and test reports. Data
gathering involved collection of te9t reports, permit ap-
plications and other information on waferboard manu-
facturing operations. States where waferboard is man-
ufactured were contacted to establish controls used
for various operations. A site inspection was made to
examine operations first-hand and to verify controls in-
place. In addition, one state office was visited to dis-
cuss the extent of complaints, stack tests conducted,
and results of emission dispersion modeling. It ap-
pears that substitution of another wood species for
aspen which is currently predominantly used would
reduce emissions. Another potential option for reduc-
tion of emissions is a variation of the dryer operating
conditions. Use of a water or caustic scrubber is an-
other potential control mechanism.
Keywords: "Emission, Manufacturing, Wafers, Inspec-
tion, Sources, Industrial hygiene, Air pollution, Air pol-
lution control, Colorado, Public health, "Air quality,
Volatile organic compounds, Stationary sources.
PB88-107743/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
National Dioxln Study Tier 4 - Combustion
Sources: Project Summary Report. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
E. J. Lillis, J. H. Southerland, W. H. Lamason, and W.
B. Kuykendal. Sep 87, 39p EPA/450/4-84/014G
See also PB86-191061.
The report presents the Agency's finding on the as-
sessment of dioxin emissions from combustion
sources under Tier 4 of the National Dioxin Strategy.
The primary objectives of Tier 4 are outlined in the
report. The report describes the information of the
Agency collected at the request of Congress to im-
prove the current understanding of combustion
sources which emit dioxin to the ambient air. The tasks
used to collect the information are outlined, including
stack testing, ash sampling and data analysis. Refer-
ences to other documents which describe methods,
procedures and detailed analyses are identified. The
report finds that small amounts of chlorinated dibenzo-
p-dioxins and dibenzofurans are emitted from many
combustion sources, with only a few sources emitting
larger amounts. These sources include municipal
waste incinerators, secondary copper smelters and
sewage sludge incinerators.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Quality assurance,
"Chemical analysis, Combustion products, Sources,
Sampling, Sites, Laboratory equipment,
'Dioxin(Herbicides), "Air pollution detection, Dibenzo-
dioxin/tetrachloro, Air pollution sampling, CAS 51207-
31-9, Procedures.
PB88-107776/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Mussel Watch-Measurements of Chemical Pollut-
ants In Bivalves as One Indicator of Coastal Envi-
ronmental Quality,
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MA.
J. W. Farrington, A. C. Davis, B. W. Tripp, D. K. Phelps,
and W. B. Galloway. C1987,18p EPA/600/D-87/247,,
ERLN-814
Contract EPA-68-03-3193
Pub. in New Approaches to Monitoring Aquatic Eco-
systems, ASTM STP 940, p125-139 1987. Sponsored
by Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
The utility of the bivalve sentinel organism approach to
monitoring for some chemicals of environmental con-
cern in coastal and estuarine areas has been evaluat-
ed by regional and national programs and by smaller
scale research efforts during the past 15 years. The
extent and severity of coastal contamination by chemi-
cals such as polychlorinated biphenyls, chlorinated
pesticides, trace metals, and plutonium has been as-
sessed in several bivalve sentinel organism programs.
Advantages and limitations of this approach are pre-
sented and discussed briefly within the context of both
national and international efforts. (Copyright (c) Ameri-
can Society for Testing and Materials, 1987.)
Keywords: 'Mussels, "Coasts, 'Water pollution,
Chemical compounds, Monitors, Plutonium, Estuaries,
Ecology, Pesticides, Metals, Biphenyl, Chlorine organ-
ic compounds, Reprints, Biological indicators, Poly-
chlorinated biphenyls.
PB88-107784/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Treatability of Phthalate Ester Compounds from
Plastics Molding and Forming Wastewaters,
Radian Corp., Milwaukee, Wl.
D. Gardner, R. Osantowski, K. A. Dostal, and C. R.
Dempsey. Sep 87,22p EPA/600/D-87/282
Contract EPA-68-03-3371
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The objective of the project was to evaluate methods
of removing phthalates from a plastics molding and
forming contact cooling and heating water. Two tech-
nologies were evaluated: (1) ferric chloride assisted
clarification; and, (2) activated carbon adsorption. The
actual wastewater was spiked with about 2 mg/l of
each of the following phthalates: bis (2-ethylhexyl), di-
n-butyl and dimethyl. The spiked wastewater was then
used to conduct the bench-top jar tests. The ferric
chloride assisted clarification reduced the bis (2-ethyl-
hexyl) phthalate concentration by about 90 percent but
did not remove either of the other two phthalates. A
series of powdered activated carbon jar tests were
conducted on the spiked wastewater and adsorption
isotherms were generated for each of the three phtha-
lates.
Keywords: 'Phthalates, "Waste water, Chemical
removal(Water treatment), Activated carbon treat-
ment, Organic compounds, Adsorption, Waste treat-
ment, Industrial wastes.
PB88-107792/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Research
on Treatability and Toxicity in Municipal
Wastewater Treatment Plants. Symposium paper,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
D. F. Bishop. Sep 87, 42p EPA/600/D-87/294
An overview of the EPA's toxic control research pro-
gram for municipal wastewater treatment is described.
The program involves research in three areas: treat-
ability of specific toxics; toxicity reduction evaluations
using biomonitoring approaches; and enhanced con-
trol of toxics in biological wastewater treatment. Fate-
in treatment data is provided for specific representa-
tive toxics during conventional municipal wastewater
treatment. Progress on developing predictive methods
for estimating fate-in treatment from molecular proper-
ties includes an effective correlation of partitioning of
specific toxics between the aqueous and particulate
phases of wastewater, and a preliminary correlation for
predicting aerobic biodegradation rates from molecu-
lar structural properties. The elements of toxicity re-
duction evaluations are presented. Initial case history
results from ongoing toxicity reduction evaluation stud-
ies include work involving both ecosystem and health
effect bioassays. Methods for tracing toxicity to its
sources and for assessing its treatability are de-
scribed.
Keywords: 'Waste water, "Waste treatment, Munici-
palities, Urban areas, Sludge, Plant engineering, 'Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, "Toxic control research
program.
PB88-107800/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chloropropenes.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
May 83,50p EPA/600/X-84/119
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chloropropenes was prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Crite-
ria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous
constituents of a wide range of waste streams under
Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act (RCRA). Both published literature and infor-
mation obtained from Agency program office files were
evaluated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Chlor-
opropenes have been determined to be systemic toxi-
cants. An Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the
amount of a chemical to which humans can be ex-
posed on a daily basis over an extended period of time
(usually a lifetime) without suffering a deleterious
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
effect, for 3-Chloropropene is .0016, 1,2,3-Trichloro-
propene is .0046 for oral exposure. Existing data are
insufficient to determine for the other isomers.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, Streams, Water pollu-
tion, 'Health and environmental effects profiles, 'Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act, Carcinogene-
sis, Acceptable daily intake, Toxic substances, Phar-
macokinetics, 'Chloropenes.
PB88-107818/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Results of Air Sampling from Selected Asbestos
Abatement Projects,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
W. C. Cain, T. J. Powers, and R. C. Wilmoth. Sep 87,
14p EPA/600/D-87/304
The results of asbestos abatement monitoring at nine
sites are discussed, comparing transmission electron
microscopy analyses of post-abatement indoor levels
with outdoor levels and comparing the t-test, z-test,
and Wilcoxon test for clearance.
Keywords: "Asbestos, "Air pollution, 'Sampling, Expo-
sure, Toxicity, Tables(Data), Hazardous materials, Site
surveys, 'Toxic substances, 'Indoor air pollution, Envi-
ronmental monitoring.
PB88-107933/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Use of Biomonitoring to Control Toxics in the
United States,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
N. A. Thomas. Sep87,15p EPA/600/D-87/278
A biomonitoring program has been developed in sup-
port of the National Policy for the Development of
Water Quality-Based Permit Limitations for Toxic Pol-
lutants. The program focuses on the use of laboratory
toxicity tests on aquatic plants and animals to predict
ecosystem impact caused by toxic pollutants. Both
acute and chronic toxicity tests were developed to test
effluents and ambient waters. Laboratory and biologi-
cal field studies were conducted at nine sites. Single
species laboratory toxicity tests were found to be good
predictors of impacts on the ecosystem when two or
more species were used. Biomonitoring can be under-
taken either on effluents and/or on the receiving
waters. In that toxicity related to seeps, leachates and
storm sewers has often been found upstream from dis-
chargers, it is beneficial to conduct both effluent and
ambient biomonitoring.
Keywords: 'Bioassay, United States, Toxicity, 'Toxic
substances, 'Biomonitoring, "Water pollution control,
Ecosystems.
PB88-108675/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy Analysis.
Environmental Monitoring and Enforcement:
Theory and Practice. Final rept.
Association of Environmental and Resource Econo-
mists, Washington, DC.
Aug 87, 369p* EPA/230/10-87/030
Grant EPA-R-812056
See also PB86-109642. Proceedings of a workshop
held at Newark, Delaware on August 13-14, 1987.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Policy Analysis.
The report contains 9 papers prepared for the August
13-14, 1987 workshop sponsored by the Association
of Environmental and Resource Economists (AERE)
on the subject of Environmental Monitoring and En-
forcement. Brief titles are given below: C. Wasserman,
'Environmental Compliance arid Enforcement'; L. G.
Anderson, 'Enforcement Issues in Selecting Policy In-
struments'; C. S. Russell, 'Game Theory Lessons for
Structuring Monitoring and Enforcement Systems'; G.
V. Johnson and T. S. Ulen, 'The Behavior of the Firm
when Facing Uncertain Enforcement'; A. S. Malik,
Markets for Pollution Control when Firms are Non-
compliant'; J. G. Sutinen and J. R. Gauvin, 'Enforce-
ment and Compliance in the Massachusetts Lobster
Fishery'; W. Gray and C. A. Jones, 'Impact of OSHA
Regulations in Manufacturing'; R. Rosenman. 'The
Reaulatory Loss of Soil Management Policy'; W. A.
Magat and W. K. Viscusi, 'Enforcement: Industrial Ef-
fluent Standards'.
Keywords: Policies, Natural resources, "Environmen-
tal monitoring. Compliance, "Enforcement. Pollution
control.
PB88-108691/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Decline of Montane Boreal Ecosystems in Central
Europe and the Southern Appalachian Mountains.
Symposium paper,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
R.I. Bruck. c1984,8p EPA/600/J-87/252
Grant EPA-R-806912
Pub. Proceedings of Research and Development Con-
ference (1984), Atlanta, GA., p159-163 Sep 84. Spon-
sored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
For more than a decade scientists from Western
Europe and New England have documented an insidi-
ous dieback and/or decline of certain forest types, in
particular high-altitude coniferous forests. Silver fir and
Norway spruce are undergoing a severe decline in
Hartz Mts., Black Mts., and the Bavarian Alps. Similar
declines have been reported from western Czechoslo-
vakia. Symptomatology of this syndrome includes
chlorosis and abscission of older needles and a dra-
matic suppression of annual increment and growth. In
addition, tree and herbaceous vegetative reproduction
is in many cases either suppressed or absent. Recent
surveys of the NC Mt. Mitchell (6,684' mean seas
level) summit cone areas indicate a similar increment
reduction along with symptoms similar to those ob-
served in Europe (i.e. declining, chlorotic, low vigor
spruce-fir stands). This decline appears to be in a
much earlier stage of progression when compared to
the above conditions.
Keywords: "Growth, "Elevation, "Forest trees, Mortali-
ty, Abnormalities, Leaves(Plants), Discoloration,
Reproduction(Biology), Europe, Applachian Moun-
tains, Fir trees, High altitude, Ecosystems.
PB88-109590/HSU	PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Planning Models for Urban Water Supply Expan-
sion.
Massachusetts Inst, of Tech., Cambridge. Dept. of Civil
Engineering.
Sep 87,452p-in 3v
Set includes PB88-109608 through PB88-109624.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
No abstract available.
PB88-109608/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Planning Models for Urban Water Supply Expan-
sion. Volume 1. Planning for the Expansion of Re-
gional Water Supply Systems. Final rept.,
Massachusetts Inst, of Tech., Cambridge. Dept. of Civil
Engineering.
F. A. Karaa, D. Marks, E. Guggenheim, and R. Kilgore.
Sep 87, 109p EPA/600/5-87/002A
Grant EPA-R-806802
See also Volume 2, PB88-109616.Portions of this doc-
ument are not fully legible. Sponsored by Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineer-
ing Research Lab.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB88-
109590.
A three-volume report was developed relative to the
modelling of investment strategies for regional water
supply planning. Volume 1 is the study of capacity ex-
pansion over time. Models to aid decision making for
the deterministic case are presented, and a planning
process under uncertainty in future demands is sug-
gested. Two methods for solving the capacity expan-
sion problem are analyzed: a heuristic method and a
mixed-integer programming method.
Keywords: "Expansion, "Water supply, "Regional
planning, Mathematical models, Investments, Capac-
ity, Systems analysis, Optimization, Cost effective-
ness, Theses, Constraints, Mathematical program-
ming, Decision making, Algorithms, "Water demand,
Case studies, Economies of scale.
PB88-109616/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Planning Models for Urban Water Supply Expan-
sion. Volume 2. Cost Allocation Policies for Re-
gional Water Supply Systems. Final rept.,
Massachusetts Inst, of Tech., Cambridge. Dept. of Civil
Engineering.
R. D. Kilgore, D. Marks, F. Karaa, and E. Guggenheim
Sep 87,126p EPA/600/5-87/002B
Grant EPA-R-806802
See also Volume 1, PB88-109608 and Volume 3,
PB88-109624. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB88-
109590.
A three-volume report was developed relative to the
modelling of investment strategies for regional water
supply planning. Volumes 2 and 3 are successive parts
of the research related to the study of cost allocation
policies among participants in a regional system. Such
policies are evaluated and two methods, the Propor-
tional Use of Facilities and the Shapley Value, are dis-
tinguished from the other techniques for practicality
and theoretical soundness considerations, respective-
ly. The Shapley Value method is then extended for the
case of cost allocation over time.
Keywords: "Expansion, "Water supply, "Regional
planning, Cost analysis, Allocations,
Demand(Economics), Economic models, Savings]
Policies, Theses, Optimization, Watersheds, Economic
factors. Game theory, Computer programming. Ex-
penses, Case studies, Economies of scale.
PB88-109624/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Planning Models lor Urban Water Supply Expan-
sion. Volume 3. The Regional Intertemporal Cost
Allocation Problem: A Simplified Methodology
Based on the Shapley Value. Final rept.,
Massachusetts Inst, of Tech., Cambridge. Dept. of Civil
Engineering.
E. A. Gugenheim, D. Marks, F. Karaa, and R. Kilgore.
Sep 87,217p EPA/600/5-87/002C
Grant EPA-R-806802
See also Volume 2, PB88-109616. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, Water
Engineering Research Lab.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB88-
109590.
A three-volume report was developed relative to the
modelling of investment strategies for regional water
supply planning. Volumes 2 and 3 are successive parts
of the research related to the study of cost allocation
policies among participants in a regional system. Such
policies are evaluated and two methods, the Propor-
tional Use of Facilities and the Shapley Value, are dis-
tinguished from the other techniques for practicality
and theoretical soundness considerations, respective-
ly. The Shapley Value method is then extended for the
case of cost allocation over time.
Keywords: "Expansion, "Water supply, "Regional
planning, Cost analysis, Allocations, Savings, Mathe-
matical models, Cost comparison, Game theory, Opti-
mization, Theses, Political objectives, Economic fac-
tors, Investment, Objectives, Mathematical program-
ming, Case studies, "Water demand, Cost sharing
Shapley value method.
PB88-109699/HSU	PC A12/MF AOI
Directory of Commercial Hazardous Waste Man-
agement Facilities. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Solid Waste.
Aug 87, 265p EPA/530/SW-87/024
See also PB86-178431.
The document provides a listing of commercial hazard-
ous waste management facilities, along with informa-
tion on the types of commercial services offered (e q
treatment, storage, disposal, or recycling), and tne
types of wastes managed. The list does not constitute
a list of approved facilities. It is a compilation of data
that is currently available from EPA data bases The
data presented herein is to the knowledge of the EPA
representative of the commercial services available at
these facilities at the time of data collection.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Directories, "Hazardous materials, "Solid
waste disposal, Tables(Data), 'Recycled materials,
"Waste recycling.
PB88-109897/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Vapor Generation of Fuels. Final rept. Apr-Jun 87.
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
L. R. Smith. Aug 87, 79p EPA/460/3-87/001
Contract EPA-68-03-3353
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Ann
Arbor, Ml. Emission Control Technology Div.
The report combines the data from two previous work
assignments conducted at Southwest Research Insti-
tute for the Environmental Protection Agency, and
analyzes the resulting data set. When possible, the
combined results have been generalized in order to
draw conclusions. In the first work assignment, vapors
from twelve gasolines and gasoline/alcohol blends
were analyzed for butanes, total hydrocarbons, metha-
nol, and appropriate cosolvent alcohols. The analyses
were conducted in duplicate for each fuel at FTP diur-
nal SHED temperatures (60-84 F) and at typical hot
soak temperatures (160 + or - 10 F). The fuels were
prepared with different levels of aromatic content and
Reid Vapor Pressure. The second work assignment
study involved generating vapors from seven gaso-
lines and gasoline/alcohol blends during simulated di-
urnal test conditions (15-40 F, 35-60 F, and 60-84 F).
These vapors were analyzed for total hydrocarbons,
alcohols, and individual hydrocarbons up to and includ-
ing C6. The Reid Vapor Pressure of the seven fuels
varied from 9.2 to 15.0 psi.
Keywords: 'Fuels, 'Vapors, Emission, Gasoline, Alco-
hols, Temperature, Air pollution.
PB88-111067/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Summary of Stat* Radon Programs. Final rept.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Aug 87, 48p* EPA/520/1 -87/19-1
The report describes the range of State radon activi-
ties underway, the administrative and legislative mech-
anisms used to support these activities, and the re-
sources devoted to them. The report focuses on the
scope and magnitude of the radon program within
each State, rather than on the radon problem and how
to address it. Hence, the report is not a comprehensive
source of technical information, nor a source of meas-
urement or mitigation results.
Keywords: 'Radon, State government, Legislation,
Programs, 'Radiation pollution, 'Indoor air pollution.
PB88-111414/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
REPRISK Code Documentation. Volume t. Final
rept.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
1 Oct 83,242p
Contract EPA-68-01 -6628
Sponsored by Office of Radiation Programs, Washing-
ton, DC.
To assist the Environmental Protection Agency in eval-
uating releases from a variety of combinations of geo-
logic settings, radionuclide inventories, mechanisms
and pathways for radioactive releases, time frames,
and dose uptake pathways, a computer model based
on the results of these technical investigations was de-
veloped. The model is called REPRISK. The report is
documentation for the REPRISK code. It concentrates
on the mechanics of the model.
Keywords: "Radioactive wastes, "Documentation, Ra-
dioactive isotopes, Radiation, Geology, Computer pro-
grams, Models, Tables(Data), "REPRISK computer
program, Health risks
PB88-111422/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Guidance for Applicants for State Wellhead Pro-
tection Program Assistance Funds under the Safe
Drinking Water Act.
Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC.
Office of Ground-Water Protection.
Jun 87,64p EPA/440/6-86/011
prepared in cooperation with Booz-Allen and Hamil-
ton, Inc., Bedford, MA.
The 1986 Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act
(SDWA) establish a new Wellhead Protection (WHP)
Program to protect ground waters that supply wells
and wellfields contributing drinking water to public
water supply systems. The Guidance outlines proce-
dural and technical information that eligible applicants
need to apply for Federal grant funds to develop and
implement these WHP Programs. The Program offers
an innovative approach to ground-water protection.
Unlike most other environmental programs, the WHP
Program focuses on the entire resource requiring pro-
tection, rather than on a limited set of sources or con-
taminants. The WHP Program, furthermore, focuses
on a very important subset of ground-water resources;
that is, specific areas that supply wells or wellfields
withdrawing drinking water for public systems.
Keywords: "Well heads, 'Guides(lnstructions), 'Regu-
lations, Legislation, Water wells, Potable water, Giants,
Handbooks, Water quality, Ground water, Safe drink-
ing water act of 1974, Water quality maintenance.
PB88-111448/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Cross-Program Summary: Pesticides under EPA
(Environmental Protection Agency) Statutes. Final
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Ground-Water Protection.
D. Fletcher. Feb 87, 30p EPA/440/6-87/001
The report presents in matrix format a summary of how
the approximately 600 active pesticide ingredients are
regulated under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and
Rodenticide Act; Resource Conservation and Recov-
ery Act, Safe Drinking Water Act, and Clean Water Act.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Regulations, Legislation, Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act, Clean Water
Act, Safe Drinking Water Act.
PB88-111596/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Report to Congress: Class V Injection Wells-Cur-
rent Inventory; Effects on Ground Water; Techni-
cal Recommendations. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Sep 87, 745p* EPA/570/9-87/006
The report to Congress, summarizes the results of
State surveys concerning Class V injection wells as
defined by the 1986 Amendments to the Safe Drinking
Water Act. In accordance with the Act, the report (1)
identifies the categories and corresponding invento-
ries of Class V wells in the United States and its Terri-
tories and Possessions, (2) describes primary contami-
nation problems associated with different categories
of these wells, and (3) summarizes recommendations
for minimum design, construction, installation, and
siting requirements that could be applied to protect un-
derground sources of drinking water (USDW) from
sucn contamination wherever necessary including cor-
rective action and remedial action recommendations.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Water pollution,
"States(United States), Inventories, Injection wells,
Classifications, Drainage, Geothermy, Waste disposal,
Chemical properties, Requirements, Mining, Physical
properties, Fossil fuels, Radioactive wastes, Recom-
mendations, Design criteria, Construction, Recom-
mendations, Safe Drinking Water Act and Amend-
ments of 1986, Remedial action.
PB88-111752/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Composition and Management of Used Oil Gener-
ated In the United States. Appendix. Final rept.
Franklin Associates Ltd., Prairie Village. KS.
Sep 84,195p
See also PB85-180297. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response.
The document is an appendix to the report entitled
Composition and Management of Used Oil Generated
in the United States' which characterizes used oil gen-
eration, management, and composition in the United
States in 1983, The study was carried out to provide
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency with the
needed background information to develop the most
appropriate used oil regulations and to provide a
framework for assessing the risks and benefits of alter-
native regulatory options. The document contains tour
appendices: A = Analytical Data for Waste Oil Sam-
ples; B = Data Base for Contamination of Residues
from Waste Oil Processing and Re-refining; C = Meth-
odology and References for Used Oil Flow Descrip-
tion; D = Alternative Methodology to Calculate Mean
Concentration of Hazardous Constituents in Used Oil.
Keywords: 'Chemical composition, 'Oils, 'Wastes,
'Hazardous materials. Pollution, Management, Materi-
als recovery, Lubricating oils, "Oil wastes, 'Fuel man-
agement, 'Waste utilization, Waste recycling, Liquid
waste disposal.
PB88-111844/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dial-
late.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Dec 83, 45p EPA/600/X-84/123
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dial-
late was prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and As-
sessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste to support listings of hazardous constituents of
a wide range of waste streams under Section 3001 of
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constiuents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Diallate
has been evaluated as a carcinogen. The human car-
cinogen potency factor (q1*) for Diallate is 7.8 x 10-1
(mg/kg bw/day)-1 for oral exposure.
Keywords: "Herbicides, Toxicity, Exposure, Risk, As-
sessments, Carcinogens, Weed control, Physiological
effects, Transport properties, "Health risks, "Environ-
mental health, "Diallate, Toxic substances, CAS 2303-
164, Mutagenesis.
PB88-111869/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Utilization of a Saltwater Marsh Ecosystem for the
Management of Seafood Processing Wastewater.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Oct 86,198p EPA/904/9-86/142
Prepared in cooperation with Marine Environmental
Sciences Consortium, Dauphin Island, AL., Alabama
Dept. of Environmental Management, Montgomery,
and Taxonomic Associates, Inc., Mobile, AL.
The report presents the results of a cooperative study
that examined the potential for using a saltwater wet-
land to manage seafood processing wastewater. An ir-
regularly flooded black needlerush (Juncus roemer-
ianus) marsh located at Point aux Pins in coastal Ala-
bama was selected for the study. The study deter-
mined that the application of seafood processing
wastewater to the marsh affected a number of the
marsh's water quality characteristics in direct relation
to the wastewater loading rate. However, monitoring of
the marsh flora and fauna showed virtually no impact
at any of the experimental loading rates. As a result of
the study a number of design and loading criteria are
suggested for any future projects involving wastewater
discharges to saltwater wetlands.
Keywords: "Seafood, "Waste water, Industrial wastes,
Environmental impacts, Water quality, Loading rate,
Tables(Data), Swamps, Alabama, "Salt marshes, 'En-
vironment management, Aquatic ecosystems.
PB88-112073/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Influence of Fuel Sulfur on Fuel Nitrogen Oxida-
tion Mechanisms,
Arizona Univ., Tucson. Dept. of Chemical Engineering.
J. O. L. Wendt, J. T. Morcomb, and T. L. Corley. C1979,
10p EPA/600/D-87/292
Grant EPA-R-803715
Presented at the International Symposium on Com-
bustion (17th), Pittsburgh, PA., August 1978, p671-678
1979. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses laboratory premixed flat flame
studies showing that, under fuel rich conditions, fuel
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sulfur can have a radical influence on fuel NO forma-
tion mechanisms. Both enhancements and apparent
inhibition of fuel NO were observed, depending on the
equivalence ratio and the residence time at which the
measurement was made, The effect of sulfur on
'prompt' NO was similar. This first order effect was
shown to manifest itself in a significant increase in
NOx emissions when a fuel containing chemically
bound nitrogen is burned with sulfur in an axial (low
swirl) turbulent diffusion flame. Under these condi-
tions, in which local hot fuel environments dominate,
fuel oils containing both nitrogen and sulfur are likely to
give higher NO emissions than those containing little
sulfur. Likewise, prompt NO mechanisms can be signif-
icant for Thermal NO, and enhancement thereof by
S02 in the fuel can greatly influence resultant Thermal
NO emissions.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, "Sulfur, 'Fuel oil,
Flames, *Air pollution control, Stationary sources,
Laminar flow, Turbulent diffusion.
PB88-112149/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Does Mitigation Work: EPA's (Environmental Pro-
tection Agency's) Wetlands Research Program Is
Checking,
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
M. E. Kentula. Sep 87, 11 p EPA/600/D-87/308
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
The creation or restoration of wetlands is often re-
quired as compensation for wetland losses permitted
under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. Created
and restored wetlands represent a range of conditions
and situations. Despite the size, setting, or appearance
the question remains - How well do these created and
restored wetlands replace the ecological functions of
the wetlands that were destroyed. The question is cen-
tral to the Mitigation Research Component. Although
there are other forms of mitigation that could be con-
sidered in the program, the effectiveness of mitigation
through the creation and restoration of wetlands is
constantly increasing, while the science of wetland
creation and restoration is considered to be in its infan-
cy.
Keywords: 'Land reclamation, "Ecology, Surface
waters, Land use, Natural resources, "Wetlands,
Land restoration, Biological recovery, Aquatic eco-
systems, Mitigation, Remedial actions, Natural re-
sources management.
PB88-112156/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Factors Contributing to Differences in Acid Neu-
tralizing Capacity among Lakes in the Western
United States,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. M. Eilers, D. H. Landers, D. F. Brakke, and R. A.
Linthurst. Sep 87, 21p EPA/600/D-87/309
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Corvallis, OR., and Western Washington Univ., Belling-
ham.
A survey of lakes in mountainous areas of the Western
United States was conducted in fall 1985 by the US
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in coopera-
tion with the USDA - Forest Service. Of the 719 proba-
bility sample lakes, only one was acidic; 99% of the
lakes were estimated to have pH>6.0. However, acid
neutralizing capacity (ANC) was < or = 50 microeq L-
1 for an estimated 16.8% of the lakes in the study
area. Of the five subregions in the West, California had
the highest proportion of lakes with ANC < or = 50
microeq L-1 (36.7%) and the Southern Rocky Moun-
tains had the lowest proportion (4.6%). The lakes in
the West were post-stratified into geomorphic units
corresponding to major mountain ranges. Watershed
factors, including watershed area, lake area, water-
shed area: lake area ratio, lake depth, watershed
slope, percent exposed bedrock, elevation, and hy-
draulic residence time, were examined within six geo-
morphic units in order to evaluate their relationship to
lake ANC. These watershed variables had poor predic-
tive capability with respect to ANC. The results sug-
gest that higher-resolution information for factors such
as mineralogy and hydrology are required for predic-
tion of lake ANC within a given geomorphic unit.
Keywords: "Alkalinity, "Lakes, Acidification, Water-
sheds, Geomorphology, Western region(United
States), "Acid neutralizing capacity, Acid deposition.
PB88-112164/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Electrostatic Precipitator Efficiency on a Multiple
Hearth Incinerator Burning Sewage Sludge,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. C. Adams, G. Bockol, J. A. Maddox, and E. V. Robb.
Sep 87,172p EPA/600/2-87/084
Contracts EPA-68-03-3148, EPA-68-02-3994
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
A pilot scale electrostatic precipitator (ESP) was evalu-
ated for its removal performance of 23 metals and for
sulfur containing particles when fitted to a multiple
hearth incinerator burning sewage sludge. The small
scale ESP was installed to take a slipstream of about
3% of the total incinerator emissions. Particle size
fractions were collected from the gas streams entering
and leaving the ESP. Each particle was evaluated for
overall removal efficiency, size fraction removal effi-
ciency, and selective removal of specific metals. Total
concentrations of each element in the controlled emis-
sion stream was determined as well as the proportion-
ate concentration of species in the solid and volatile
states. Concentrations of each metal in the emission
stream were compared with the concentration in the
sludge residue. To obtain comparisons of ESP per-
formance with a more typical emission control device,
the performance of the incinerator's full-scale wet
scrubber was also evaluated.
Keywords: "Incinerators, 'Refuse disposal, "Sewage
treatment, "Electrostatic precipitators, Emission, Dis-
persions, Trace elements, Environmental monitoring,
Particulates.
PB88-112222/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Chemically Active Fluid Bed Process for Sulphur
Removal during Gasification of Carbonaceous
Fuels. Final rept. May 76-May 79,
Esso Research Centre, Abingdon (England).
Z. Kowszun. Sep 87,769p EPA/600/7-87/022
Contracts EPA-68-02-2159, EPA-68-02-2115
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report covers the final 3 years of a 9-year program
to evaluate the Chemically Active Fluid Bed (CAFB)
process for gasification and desulfurization of liquid
and solid fuels in a fluidized bed of hot lime. A range of
alternative fuels, including three coals and a lignite,
were gasified in a 3 MWt pilot scale gasifier, and small
scale batch tests were conducted, all in support of the
design of a demonstration plant to be retrofitted to a
20 MWe natural-gas-fired power generation plant.
Direct assistance was given to the start-up and trou-
bleshooting of the 20 MWe unit, and a design study
was completed on the potential use of a pressurized
CAFB process to fire a high efficiency gas turbine. The
pilot plant studies demonstrated the feasibility of simul-
taneous gasification and desulfurization of a range of
coals and a low grade lignite. Best results were ob-
tained using a cannel coal from New Mexico. Batch
and continuous gasification tests gave much useful
process and equipment information for the 20 MWe
design, and the pressurized CAFB studies indicated
potential for commercial viability once gas turbine inlet
temperature can be raised to 1427 C.
Keywords: "Desulfurization, "Fluidized bed proces-
sors, Coal gasification, Natural gas, Air pollution, 'For-
eign technology, 'Gas turbine power plants.
PB88-112289/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
EPTC.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,45p EPA/600/X-84/125
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for S-
ethyl dipropylcarbamothioate (EPTC) was prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincin-
nati, Ohio for the Office of Solid Waste to support list-
ings of hazardous constituents of a wide range of
waste streams under Section 3001 of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Both pub-
lished literature and information obtained from Agency
program office files were evaluated as they pertained
to potential human health, aquatic life and environ-
mental effects of hazardous waste constituents. Quan-
titative estimates have been presented provided suffi-
cient data are available. EPTC has been determined to
be a systemic toxicant. An Acceptable Daily Intake
(ADI), defined as the amount of a chemical to which
humans can be exposed on a daily basis over an ex-
tended period of time (usually a lifetime) without suffer-
ing a deleterious effect, for EPTC is .05 (mg/kg bw/
day) for oral exposure.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Herbicides,
"Toxicology, Toxicity, Ecology, Exposure, Physiologi-
cal effects, Standards, Environmental impact, Thiocar-
bamates, "Toxic substances. "Health risks, "EPTC,
Pharmacokinetics, Mutagenesis, CAS 759-94-4, Onco-
genesis, Bioaccumulation.
PB88-112297/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA
Region IX.
Hazardous Pollutants in Class II Landfills. Re-
search rept. (Final),
South Coast Air Quality Management District, El
Monte, CA.
J. A. Wood, and M. L. Porter. Dec 86,198p
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, San Fran-
cisco, CA. Region IX.
The purpose of the study was to determine whether
some contaminants, known to exist in landfills licensed
to receive industrial wastes (Class I sites), were also
found at landfills that receive ordinary trash (Class II
sites). The District's Technical Services staff conduct-
ed a series of tests at 20 Class II sites beginning in
1984, and concluded that, although significant levels
of vinyl chloride and benzene were found at many of
those sites, the offsite ambient concentrations for vinyl
chloride were well below the State ambient air quality
standard at five of them which were chosen for ambi-
ent testing. The study discusses a known action that
takes place in landfills, whereby buried materials un-
dergo bacterial decomposition and generate gases for
decades after closure. Although that is a known phe-
nomenon, what is still not known is how vinyl chloride
was generated in these Class II landfills. The report
also states that migrating methane could be a problem
if this gas migrates beyond the landfill property line and
becomes trapped in enclosed spaces, presenting a
potential explosive hazard.
Keywords: "Earth fills, Industrial wastes, Emission,
Vinyl chloride. Benzene, Gases, California, Hazardous
materials, Tables(Data), "Air quality, Hazardous
wastes
PB88-112321/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Destruction and Removal of POHCs (Princpal Or-
ganic Hazardous Constituents) in Iron Making
Blast Furnaces,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. C. Adams. Oct 87, 94p EPA/600/2-87/081
Contract EPA-68-03-3148
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
At least one steel company utilizes organic waste liq.
uids as a heat and carbon content source to partially
replace the coke that is used to charge the blast fur-
naces. The waste liquids fed to the blast furnace are
likely to contain hazardous constituents. Temperature
and residence time in the blast furnace favor total de-
struction of the principal organic hazardous constitu-
ents (POHCs) of the waste fuel but verification of de-
struction efficiencies has not been attempted up to
now. Also, reduction reactions that occur in a blast fur-
nace may promote the formation of products of incom-
plete combustion (PICs). Tests were conducted white
feeding waste fuel to a blast furnace located at a maior
steel mill. The primary objective of the test program
was to determine the fate of the POHCs of the waste
fuel and to look for formation of PICs, notably dioxins
and dibenzofurans.
Keywords: "Organic wastes, "Blast furnaces, 'Heat
recovery, "Iron, Furans, Hazardous wastes, Iron and
steel industry, Steel plants, Coke, Dioxin.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-112339/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Effect of Wastewater Disinfectants on Survival of
R-Factor Coliform Bacteria. Summary rept.,
Washington Univ., Seattle.
J. T. Staley, J. Crosa, F. DeWalle, and D, Carlson. Oct
87, 120p EPA/600/2-87/092
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The objectives of the study were to determine the inci-
dence of antibiotic resistance among coliform bacteria
in a secondary waste-water treatment facility and to
determine whether various alternative disinfection pro-
cedures would select for or against antibiotic resistant
coliforms. The disinfectants tested (chlorine, ozone,
and ultraviolet light) resulted in significant decreases
b'oth in antibiotic-sensitive coliforms. No dramatic se-
lection for antibiotic-resistant types was apparent
during disinfection with any of the processes.
Keywords: "Waste water, 'Water treatment, *Disin-
fectants, "Coliform bacteria, Antibiotics, Chlorine,
Ozone, Drug therapy, Contamination. Toxicity, Sewage
treatment, Toxic substances.
PB88-112362/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision o,
Position Documents: Effects of Storage (Storage
Stability) on Validity of Pesticide Residue Data.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 87, 7p EPA/540/09-88/002
See also PB83-153981, and PB87-208641.
The purpose of the document is to alert all participants
in the federal pesticide registration and tolerance proc-
ess of the need to provide adequate data on the possi-
ble effects of storage on the magnitude of the residue
in commodities during the time between sample col-
lection and sample analysis. The document does not
introduce any new data requirements or revisions into
the Pesticide Assessment Guidelines-Subdivision O
(171-4). It clarifies ambiguities in interpretation of
those existing Guidelines and thereby should aid regis-
trants in submitting acceptable data packages on the
magnitude of the residue to facilitate the Agency's
review process.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Guidelines, "Residues, 'Reg-
istration, Storage, Sampling.
PB88-112370/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Dalapon as the Active Ingre-
dient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Jul 87, 200p* EPA/540/RS-88/001
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Regulations, Man-
ufacturing, Chemistry, Toxicology, Residues, Chlorine
organic compounds, Dalapon, CAS 75-99-0, CAS 127-
20-8. Propanoic/dichloro acid.
PB88-112933	Not available NTIS
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Guide-
lines for Risk Assessment,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
P. W. Preuss, A. M. Ehrlich, and K. G. Garrahan. 1987,
9p
See also PB88-112941, and PB88-112958.
Pub. in National Conference on Hazardous Wastes
and Hazardous Materials, Washington, DC, March 16-
18, 1987, p265-272.
In recent years, the EPA has moved toward a risk as-
sessment/risk reduction framework for making regula-
tory decisions. The Agency has taken a number of
steps to assure the quality and consistency of the risk
assessment component of those decisions. The first,
and perhaps most important of these steps, is the de-
velopment of Agency-wide risk assessment guidelines.
Five guidelines have been published. They are: car-
cinogenicity, mutagenicity, developmental toxicity,
chemical mixtures, and exposure. The provisions of
the five guidelines are discussed in the context of the
four components of risk assessment. Other activities
designed to assure quality and consistency in risk as-
sessments, reduce uncertainty in risk assessment,
ensure a more efficient information exchange about
risk and risk assessment, and develop the appropriate
oversight mechanisms are also discussed. These in-
clude additional guidelines, the Risk Assessment
Forum, risk assessment research, the Integrated Risk
Information System, the Hazard Assessment Notifica-
tion System, and the Risk Assessment Council.
Keywords: "Pollution, "Risk, Decision making, Regula-
tions, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Toxicity, Exposure,
Chemical analysis, Reprints, "Pollution control, 'Risk
assessment, Environmental protection agency, Pollu-
tion regulations, Guidelines.
PB88-112941	Not available NTIS
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)
Guidelines for Risk Assessment,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
P. W. Preuss, A. M. Ehrlich, and K. G. Garrahan. 1986,
9p
See also PB88-112933, and PB88-112958.
Pub. in National Conference on Management of Un-
controlled Hazardous Waste Sites (7th), December 1-
3, 1986, p167-172.
In recent years, the EPA has moved toward a risk as-
sessment/risk reduction framework for making regula-
tory decisions. The Agency has taken a number of
steps to assure the quality and consistency of the risk
assessment component of those decisions. The first,
and perhaps most important of these steps, is the de-
velopment of Agency-wide risk assessment guidelines.
Five guidelines have been proposed and are nearing
the completion of the public- and peer-review process.
They are: carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, developmen-
tal toxicity, chemical mixtures, and exposure. The pro-
visions of the five guidelines are discussed in the con-
text of the four components of risk assessment. Other
activities designed to assure quality and consistency in
risk assessments, reduce uncertainty in risk assess-
ment, ensure a more efficient information exchange
about risk and risk assessment, and develop the ap-
propriate oversight mechanisms are also discussed.
These include additional guidelines, the Risk Assess-
ment Forum, risk assessment research, the Integrated
Risk Information System, the Hazard Assessment No-
tification System, and the Risk Assessment Council.
Keywords: "Pollution, "Risk, Decision making, Regula-
tions, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Toxicity, Exposure,
Chemical analysis, Reprints, "Pollution control, "Risk
assessment, Environmental protection agency, Pollu-
tion regulations, Guidelines.
PB88-112958	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency's Risk Assess-
ment Guidelines,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
P. W. Preuss, and A. M. Ehrlich. Sep 87,33p
See also PB88-112933, and PB88-112941.
Available from Environmental Protection Agency,
Center for Environmental Research Information, Cin-
cinnati, OH 45268.
In recent years, the EPA has moved toward a risk as-
sessment/risk reduction framework for making regula-
tory decisions. The Agency has taken a number of
steps to assure the quality and consistency of the risk
assessment component of those decisions. The first,
and perhaps most important of these steps, is the de-
velopment of Agencywide risk assessment guidelines.
Five guidelines have been proposed and are nearing
the completion of the public- and peer-review process.
They are: carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, developmen-
tal toxicity, chemical mixtures, and exposure. The pro-
visions of the five guidelines are discussed in the con-
text of the four components of risk assessment. Other
activities designed to assure quality and consistency in
risk assessments, reduce uncertainty in risk assess-
ment, ensure a more efficient information exchange
about risk and risk assessment, and develop the ap-
propriate oversight mechanisms are also discussed.
These include additional guidelines, the Risk Assess-
ment Forum, risk assessment research, the Integrated
Risk Information System, the Hazard Assessment No-
tification System, and the Risk Assessment Council.
Keywords: "Pollution, "Risk, Decision making, Regula-
tions, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Toxicity, Exposure,
Chemical analysis, "Pollution control, "Risk assess-
ment, Environmental protection agency, Pollution reg-
ulations, Guidelines.
PB88-113162/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Diphenamid as the Active In-
gredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
24 Jun 87,129p EPA/540/RS-87/223
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how the reg-
ister under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Regulations, Man-
ufacturing, Chemistry, Toxicology, Residues, Ecology,
"Registration, Path of pollutants.
PB88-113188/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Strategies and Air Standards Div.
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse:
Oualitative and Quantitative Carcinogenic Risk
Assessment. Final rept..
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
I. Cote, and S. Bayard. Jun 87,174p* DCN-87-239-
001-13-12, EPA/450/5-87/003
Contract EPA-68-02-4330
See also PB87-125779. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Strat-
egies and Air Standards Div.
The document describes the basic principles and as-
sumptions associated with a qualitative and quantita-
tive carcinogenic risk assessment and illustrates these
features using several examples of quantitative risk as-
sessment done by State and local agencies. The
report is intended to help readers better understand
and interpret a risk assessment rather than to provide
instructions that would enable them to conduct a risk
assessment. The report is aimed at managers and
staff members in State and local agencies who are
concerned with the use of qualitative and quantitative
carcinogenic risk assessment for evaluating emissions
of toxic air pollutants. The report discusses the four
steps of risk assessment: hazard identification, dose-
response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk
characterization, focusing primarily on the dose-re-
sponse assessment.
Keywords: "Air pollution, State government, Local
government, Dosage, Responses, "Toxic substances,
Carcinogenesis, Risk assessments, Exposure as-
sessments, Environmental health.
PB88-113196/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Strategies and Air Standards Div.
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse:
Ongoing Research and Regulatory Development
Projects, June 1987,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. L. Hanson, C. B. Brickley, and A. S. Pelland. Jun 87,
107p* DCN-87-239-001-23-08, EPA/450/5-87/004
Contract EPA-68-02-4330
See also PB86-226396. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Strat-
egies and Air Standards Div.
The document is divided into two parts and an appen-
dix. The first part lists 235 air toxics projects currently
in progress at EPA and NIOSH. A Brief description of
each project and a contact name, office, and tele-
phone number are given. The second part of the docu-
ment contains the index that allows readers to locate
projects of interest. Projects are indexed by agency,
project type, chemical name. CAS number, and air pol-
lution source type. The appendix lists regulatory devel-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
opment projects on toxic chemicals underway at the
EPA's Office of Drinking Water (ODW). While most of
these projects are not directly related to air problems,
health information on toxic chemicals from ODW
projects may be of interest to Clearinghouse users.
Keywords: "Air pollution control. "Information sys-
tems, Airborne wastes, Research projects, State gov-
ernment, Local government, Water pollution, Regula-
tions, Manuals, "National Air Toxic Information Clear-
inghouse, "Toxic substances.
PB88-113204/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Chemigation, January 1970-August 1986: Cita-
tions from AGRICOLA. Bibliographies and literature
of agriculture (Final),
National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.
C. N. Bebee. Mar 87,116p USDA/BLA-57
See also PB86-109931. Prepared in cooperation with
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
The report is the 14th volume in a series of commodity-
oriented environmental bibliographies resulting from a
memorandum of understanding between the United
States Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural
Library, and the Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Pesticide Programs. The close working rela-
tionship between the two agencies will produce a
series of bibliographies which will be useful to EPA in
the regulation of pesticides, as well as to any research-
er in the field of plant or commodity protection. The
sources referenced in these bibliographies include the
majority of the latest available information from U.S.
publications involving commodity protection through-
Out the growing and processing stages for each agri-
cultural commodity.
Keywords: "Irrigation, "Bibliographies, Water conser-
vation, Agricultural economics, Pest control, Pesti-
cides, Plant diseases, Soil science, Herbicides, Sludge
disposal, Forestry, Food processing, "Chemigation,
Water costs.
PB88-113212/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Effects of Microbial Pesticides on Non-Target
Beneficial Arthropods. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. L. Flexner, B. Lighthart, and B. A. Croft. C1986, 53p
EPA/600/J-86/409
Pub. in Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 16,
p203-254 Aug 86. Prepared in cooperation with
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Entomology.
The formulation, testing protocol, lethal effects, sub-
lethal effects, ecological relationships and selectivity
of microbial pesticides on non-target, beneficial arthro-
pod natural enemies of insect and mite pests are re-
viewed for viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa. It was
found that: (1) effects from indirect mortality of natural
enemies are probably more significant across all mi-
crobial types than are direct mortalities from microbial
pesticides; (2) significant levels of direct mortality of
beneficial insects can be caused by bacterial and pro-
tozoan microbial pesticides; (3) no direct mortality from
viruses of pests has been documented for arthropod
natural enemies; (4) the direct effect of fungi on arthro-
pod natural enemies has not been well studied and
probably has been underestimated; (5) unique stand-
ard methods need to be developed for microbial
assays and for expressing more exactly the dosage
administered to the host or natural enemy.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Arthropoda, Toxicology, Haz-
ardous materials, Ecology, Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi,
Protozoa, Reprints.
PB88-113220/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Report on Decontamination of PCB-Bearing Sedi-
ments. Final rep!..
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
D. L. Wilson. Oct 87, 79p EPA/600/2-87/093
The EPA has initiated a research program to identify
chemical/biological methods as alternatives to inciner-
ation and to chemical land disposal for cleanup of pol-
ychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) contaminated sedi-
ments. The overall objective of the program is to identi-
fy, validate, and demonstrate effective and economical
chemical/biological processes for removal/destruc-
tion of PCBs in sediments. The report summarizes re-
search progress on chemical/biological methods de-
velopment for the detoxification/destruction of PCBs
in sediments.
Keywords: "Sediments, Decontamination, Perform-
ance, Tests, Costs, Solvent extraction, "Polychlorinat-
ed biphenyls, Hazardous wastes.
PB88-113246/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Municipal Landfill Gas Condensate,
SCS Engineers, Inc., Reston, VA.
J. Briggs. Oct 87, 45p EPA/600/2-87/090
Contract EPA-68-02-3993
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
New regulations relative to air emissions from munici-
pal landfills may require the installation of gas collec-
tion systems at landfills. As landfill gas (LFG) is collect-
ed, water and other vapors in the gas condense in the
system or are purposely removed in the normal treat-
ment of the gas. Condensate production can amount
to more than 5000 liters per day consisting of two liquid
phases: an aqueous phase and a hydrocarbon phase.
The study involved the collection and analysis of con-
densate samples from four U.S. landfill sites with
active gas migration or gas production systems. The
characteristics of both the hydrocarbon phase and the
aqueous phase of the condensate were compared
against USEPA hazardous waste criteria. Results indi-
cated that neither phase exhibited properties of corro-
sivity or reactivity. However, the hydrocarbon was ig-
nitable, as was the aqueous phase in one sample. No
pesticides, PCBs or priority pollutant metals were de-
tected in any sample. A list was developed of 94 or-
ganic compounds found in LFG condensate, 49 of
which are priority pollutant compounds
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Emission, "Pollution, "Natural
gas liquids, Toxicity, Hazardous wastes, Municipalities,
Regulations, Organic compounds.
PB88-113253/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Experimental and Modeling Study of the Photo-
chemical Reactivity of Heatset Printing Oils. Final
rept.,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Csntsr
W. P. L. Carter. Oct 87,137p EPA/600/3-87/033
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
A series of chamber experiments and computer model
simulations were carried out to assess the atmospher-
ic ozone formation potential of the heatset printing oils
Magie-47 and Magie-470 relative to that of ethane. A
representative major constituent of these oils, n-Pen-
tadecane, was also studied. The results showed that
n-pentadecane and the printing oils tend to slow down
the initial rate of ozone formation in NOx-air irradia-
tions, but they also caused higher final ozone yields in
some surrogate-NOx-air experiments. The model was
used to estimate the reactivities of ethane and n-pen-
tadecane for several idealized model scenarios repre-
senting urban air pollution episodes. The predicted at-
mospheric reactivities of n-pentadecane and the print-
ing oils relative to ethane were found to be highly de-
pendent on the conditions of the model scenario.
Thus, decisions on whether regulation of emissions of
printing oils is beneficial in reducing atmospheric
ozone must take into account the range of conditions
of the air sheds into which they are emitted.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Offset printing, Oils, Photo-
chemical reactions. Ozone, Volatility, Chemical reac-
tivity, Ethane, Computerized simulations, "Air pollution
potential, Air pollution standards. Emission factors.
PB88-113261/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
User's Guide for RAM. Second Edition,
Aerocomp, Inc., Costa Mesa, CA.
J A. Catalano, D, B. Turner, and J. H. Novak, Oct 87.
203p EPA/600/8-87/046
Contract EPA-68-02-4106
See also PB-294 791. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Sciences Research Lab.
RAM is an air quality model based on the Gaussian-
plume simplication of the diffusion equation which as-
sumes time independence in the input meteorology
and concentration. The model is primarily used to de-
termine short-term tone hour to one day) concentra-
tions from point and area sources. A maximum of 250
point sources and 100 area sources can be consid-
ered to yield pollutant concentrations at a maximum of
180 receptors. The simulation is done using hourly me-
teorological data for periods ranging from one hour to
one year. A default option is available in the model for
regulatory applications. Use of this option automatical-
ly sets certain parameters to preassigned values for
consistency with the 'Guideline on Air Quality Models
(Revised)' (EPA, 1986).
Keywords: "Air pollution, Atmospheric diffusion,
Concentration(Composition), Urban areas, Terrain!
Wind velocity, Atmospheric temperature, Turbulence!
Air flow, Mathematical models. Plumes, "Gaussian
plume models, Air quality, RAM model, Point sources,
Nonpoint sources.
PB88-113295/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Construction Quality Control and Post-Construc-
tion Performance Verification for the Gilson Road
Hazardous Waste Site Cutoff Wall. Final rept.,
Goldberg-Zoino and Associates, Inc., Newton Upper
Falls, MA.
M. J. Barvenik, and J. E. Ayres. Aug 87, 258p EPA/
600/2-87/065
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab., and New Hampshire Water Supply and Pollution
Control Commission, Concord.
The report describes assessment activities undertak-
en to evaluate the effectiveness of a soil/bentonite
backfilled cutoff wall (slurry trench) installed for the
purpose of hazardous waste containment. The work
includes development and evaluation of field quality
control tests, evaluation of electronic piezocone instru-
mentation for post-construction verification of backfill
homogeneity, and evaluation of cutoff wall bulk hy-
draulic conductivity via hydraulic stress testing. The in-
formation in the report is useful to those involved in the
feasibility study, design and/or construction of cutoff
walls as a hazardous waste remediation technology.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Containment,
"Walls, "Water pollution control, Construction, Design
criteria, Soils, Bentonite, Backfills, Field tests, Hydrau-
lic conductivity, Stress, Evaluation, Trenching, Excava-
tion, Slurries, Methylene blue, Ground water, Monitor-
ing, Permeameters, "Cutoff walls, Superfund.
PB88-113329/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Encapsulants for Sprayed-On As-
bestos-Containing Materials In Buildings,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
W. Mirick, E. W. Schmidt, C. W. Melton, S. J. Anderson
and L. J. Nowacki. Oct 87,116p EPA/600/2-87/091
Contract EPA-68-03-2552
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
About 150 water-based liquid coatings sprayable by
conventional airless paint spraying equipment were
applied to two-inch thick sprayed mineral wool test
matrices mounted overhead. After curing, specimens
of the encapsulated test matrix were tested for fire re-
sistance, flame spreading index, smoke and toxic gas
release. Cohesive and adhesive strengths were meas-
ured as well as impact resistance. Thirteen materials
met all of the criteria established for satisfactory per-
formance and twenty one others met most of the crite-
ria.
Keywords: "Asbestos, Fire resistant coatings, "Encap-
sulating, "Carcinogens, Flammability testing, Heat re-
sistant coatings, Toxicity, Adhesives, Hazardous mate-
rials, Evaluation, Exposure, Contamination, Toxic sub-
stances.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-113345/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Multimedia Exposure Estimates Applied to Toxic
Waste Sites. Symposium paper,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
S. T. Hwang. Sep 87, 14p EPA/600/D-87/305
Exposure to chemicals which contaminate soils or are
buried in land disposal facilities can occur through
more than one route. In estimating the magnitude of
human intake rates or cleanup levels for contaminated
or spill sites, multimedia exposures should be consid-
ered. A procedure for estimating simultaneous expo-
sures related to multimedia pathways, including inhala-
tion of vapors, ingestion of contaminated soil, and
dermal contact has been developed.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Contaminants,
Sites, Monitoring, Social effect, Public health, Toxicity,
•Multimedia exposures.
PB88-113352/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Statistical Abstract of the Unsewered U.S. Popula-
tion. Final rept. Sep 84-May 86.
Engineering and Economics Research, Inc., Vienna,
VA.
Sep 87, 75p EPA/600/5-87/004
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The study involves the abstraction of pertinent data on
the unsewered portion of the total population and as-
sociated dwelling units from the 1970 and 1980 U.S.
Censuses. In addition to the overall trends over the
subject decade, the unsewered population of each
census is displayed against various demographic char-
acteristics. These latter characteristics include lot
sizes, water supply sources, number of bedrooms,
dwelling size and age, property value, and inhabitant
characteristics.
Keywords: "Sewage disposal, "Residential buildings,
Waste water, Census, Statistical data, Septic tanks,
Cesspools.
PB88-113360/HSU	PC A25/MF A01
NUS Corp., Pittsburgh, PA.
International Conference on New Frontiers for
Hazardous Waste Management (2nd). Proceed-
ings of a Conference Held at Pittsburgh, Pennsyl-
vania on September 27-30,1987.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Aug 87, 586p* EPA/600/9-87/018F
See also PB86-183035. Sponsored by NUS Corp.,
Pittsburgh, PA., National Science Foundation, Wash-
ington, DC., and American Academy of Environmental
Engineers, Annapolis, MD.
The purpose of the conference was to examine the
state of technology for the disposal of hazardous
waste. Emphasis was placed on the presentation of
papers and posters that summarized important new
technological developments and concepts with broad
international application. Sessions were held in the
areas of: (1) Thermal Destruction, (2) Physical/Chemi-
cal Treatment, (3) Biological Treatment, (4) Land Dis-
posal, (5) Solidification, (6) Recycle/Reuse. These
Proceedings are a compilation of the speaker's
papers, or abstracts of some, plus scripts of the poster
presentations. Where material for the entire work of a
presenter was not available for primary publication,
copies of the full paper may be obtained in the Confer-
ence lobby or later, by contacting NUS Corporation at
their Pittsburgh address. An addition to the 1987 Pro-
ceedings is a topical index located at the back of the
book, starting on Page 581.
Keywords: "Meetings, "Hazardous materials, "Waste
management, Waste disposal, Waste treatment, For-
eign countries. Sites, Risk, Land pollution.
PB88-113378/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Assessment of the Mlcroscreen Phage-lnduction
Assay for Screening Hazardous Wastes,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
V S Houk, and D. M. DeMarini. Sep 87. 25p EPA/
600/D-87/241
The Microscreen phage-induction assay, which quanti-
tatively measures the induction of prophage lambda in
Escherichia coli WP2s(lambda), was used to test 14
crude (unfractionated) hazardous industrial waste
samples for genotoxic activity in the presence and ab-
sence of metabolic activation. Eleven of the 14 wastes
induced prophage, and induction was observed at con-
centrations as low as 0.4 picograms per ml. Compari-
sons between the mutagenicity of these waste sam-
ples in Salmonella and their ability to induce prophage
lambda indicate that the Microscreen phage-induction
assay detected genotoxic activity in all but one of the
wastes that were mutagenic in Salmonella. Moreover,
the Microscreen assay detected as genotoxic 5 addi-
tional wastes that were not detected in the Salmonella
assay. The applicability of the Microscreen phage-in-
duction assay for screening hazardous wastes for gen-
otoxic activity is discussed along with some of the
problems associated with screening highly toxic
wastes containing toxic volatile compounds.
Keywords: "Genetics, "Toxicity, Salmonella, Hazard-
ous materials, Assaying, Bacteriophages, Carcino-
gens, Mutagens, Assessments, "Microscreen phage
induction assay, Hazardous wastes. Volatile organic
compounds.
PB88-113386/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Urban Air Toxics Monitoring Program.
Engineering Science, Cary, NC.
Sep 87, 22p EPA/450/4-87/022
Contract EPA-68-02-3888
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
To assist states and local agencies, EPA has devel-
oped a program to address the status of the air toxics
problem in their localities. The document provides a
description of (1) the program, (2) support EPA will
provide to participating agencies, and (3) the responsi-
bilities of state and local agencies.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Urban areas, "Toxicology,
State government. Local government, Public health,
"Air pollution monitors, "Toxic substances, Air pollu-
tion sampling, Air pollution detection.
PB88-113402/HSU	PC A9S/MF E04
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Measurement of Toxic and Related Air Pollutants.
Proceedings of the 1987 EPA/APCA (Environmen-
tal Protection Agency/Air Pollution Control Asso-
ciation) Symposium Held at Research Triangle
Park, North Carolina on May 3-6, 1987.
Air Pollution Control Association, Pittsburgh, PA.
May 87, 792p" APCA/PUB/VIP-8, EPA/600/9-87/
010
See also PB87-182713. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Of the 124 papers presented at the Symposium, 100
are represented in the proceedings and are presented
in the form of mini papers (3-6 pages). The contents
are organized by session title. The session titles are:
Measurement of Semi-Volatile Organic Pollutants;
Measurement of Indoor Toxic Air Contaminants; Acidic
Deposition; Measurement of Volatile Organic Pollut-
ants; Physical and Chemical Properties of Toxics; Dry
Deposition; Atmospheric Transformations; Chemome-
trics; Hazardous Waste Emissions; Integrated Air
Cancer Project; Source Monitoring; Woodstove Emis-
sions; and Quality Assurance. The keynote address by
the Assistant Administrator, Office of Research and
Development, EPA is also included.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Meetings,
Concentration(Composition), Contaminants, Nitrogen
oxides, Exposure, "Toxic substances, Air sampling,
Volatile organic compounds.
PB88-113428/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Strategies and Air Standards Div.
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse:
NATICH Data Base Report on State, Local and
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Air
Toxics Activities, July 1987. Final rept.
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Jul 87, 358p DCN-87-239-001 -31 -06, EPA/450/5-87/
006
Contract EPA-8-02-4330
See also PB87-125779. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Strat-
egies and Air Standards Div.
The report disseminates information provided to the
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse
(NATICH) data base by State and local air agencies on
their air toxics activities. The computer-generated
report supersedes manually- and computer-prepared
reports published in September 1984, March 1985,
September 1985, and July 1986. The report includes a
listing of State and local agencies that have provided
information to the clearinghouse, air toxics contacts,
regulatory program information, acceptable ambient
concentration guidelines or standards and the bases
of those guidelines/standards, pollutant research in-
formation, methods development activities, permitting
information, source testing information, ambient moni-
toring information, emissions inventory information,
and risk assessment information. Because of the large
volume of data that now resides in the data base, the
document reports only a subset of the permitting and
source testing information.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, State government.
Local government, "Toxic substances, Air quality, En-
vironmental monitoring, "National Air Toxics Informa-
tion Clearing house.
PB88-113436/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency's Risk Assess-
ment Guidelines. Health Risks of Noncriteria Pol-
lutants. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
P. W. Preuss, and A. M. Ehrlich. 1987,17p EPA/600/
J-87/099
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v37
n7 p783-797 Jul 87.
In recent years, the EPA has moved toward a risk as-
sessment/risk reduction framework for making regula-
tory decisions. The Agency has taken a number of
steps to assure the quality and consistency of the risk
assessment component of those decisions. The first,
and perhaps most important of these steps, is the de-
velopment of Agency-wide risk assessment guidelines.
Five guidelines have been published. They are: car-
cinogenicity, mutagenicity, developmental toxicity,
chemical mixtures, and exposure. The provisions of
the five guidelines are discussed in the context of the
four components of risk assessment. Other activities
designed to assure quality and consistency in risk as-
sessments, reduce uncertainty in risk assessment,
ensure a more efficient information exchange about
risk and risk assessment, and develop the appropriate
oversight mechanisms are also discussed. These in-
clude additional guidelines, the Risk Assessment
Forum, Risk Assessment Research, the Integrated
Risk Information System, the Hazard Assessment No-
tification System, and the Risk Assessment Council.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Environmental sur-
veys, "Toxicology, 'Industrial hygiene, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Toxicity, Water
pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis, Sampling,
Sources, Transport properties, Ecology, Guidelines,
Reprints, 'Health risks, "Toxic substances, "Environ-
mental health, "Occupational safety and health, Phar-
macokinetics, Path of pollutants.
PB88-113451/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Chemical Evaluation and Toxlcologlcal Testing of
Concentrated Disinfected Waters,
Environmental Protection Agency. Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. G. Miller, B. W. Lykins, and F. C. Kopfler. Sep 87,
50p EPA/600/D-87/255
Raw water pumped from the Mississippi River was
clarified and fluoridated. A portion was taken through a
high pressure and filter and split into five parallel
streams at a pilot scale drinking water treatment plant.
Four streams were each dosed with a different disin-
fectant (chlorine, monochloramine, chlorine dioxide,
ozone). The fifth stream was without disinfection (con-
trol). All streams were further divided and passed
through parallel granular activated carbon (GAC) col-
umns or sand filter. The organic chemical analysis of
each stream included total organic carbon (TOC), total
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
organic halide (TOX) trihalomethanes, chlorinated hy-
drocarbons, alkanes, phthalates, chlorobenzenes, ni-
trobenzenes, and alkyladehydes. Ozonation and chlor-
ination produced the most dramatic changes in several
non-volatile organic concentrations. Trihalomethanes
were the volatile organics most effected by disinfec-
tion (chlorination). Two thousand gallon water samples
were collected and concentrated for toxicological test-
ing. According to the Ames assay, GAC was effective
in removing both the mutagenicity of chlorinated drink-
ing water and the potential of water to become muta-
genic when treated with chlorine. However, after 6-
months use in the chlorine stream, the GAC was only
partially effective in removing the mutagenicity of the
water. Data indicated that with extended use (14-
months), GAC may be ineffective in removing the mu-
tagenicity of chlorinated water.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water quality, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Organic compounds. Disinfection, Reaction kinet-
ics, Chemical properties, Public health, Exposure,
Water pollution, Activated carbon treatment, Laborato-
ry animals, Risk, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Reprints,
'Drinking water, Water pollution effects(Humans),
Water pollution effects(Animals), Volatile organic com-
pounds, Pharmacokinetics.
PB88-113469/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effects of Trace Organics in Sewage Sludges on
Soil-Plant Systems and Assessing Their Risk to
Humans,
Corvailis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
L. W. Jacobs, G. A. O'Connor, M. A. Overcash, M. J.
Zabik, and P. Rygiewicz. Sep 87,47p EPA/600/D-87/
306
Prepared in cooperation with Michigan State Univ.,
East Lansing, New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces,
and North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
Describing the impact of trace organics in sludge on
soil-plant systems can be an even greater challenge
than is faced with trace elements. One reason is the
sheer number of compounds potentially involved. Lit-
erally thousands of trace organics exist and many, if
not all, can be expected in sewage sludge at highly
variable concentrations. At the same time, the litera-
ture discussing the effects of trace organics on soil-
plant systems is much less volumious than the trace
element literature. Undoubtedly, the paucity of scientif-
ic studies on trace organics is due to the complexity of
studying these chemicals and the expense of trace or-
ganic analyses. To facilitate discussion, the large
number of organic chemicals were divided into groups
which tend to have similar chemical and physical prop-
erties. Various organics could then be discussed by
groups relevant to their prevalence in sludge, fates in
the soil-plant system, and recent efforts at assessing
the risk of trace organic additions to the soil via sludge
application.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Organic compounds,
Toxicity, Waste disposal, Mutagens, Hazardous mate-
rials, Transport properties, Ecology, Reprints, 'Health
risk, Hazardous wastes, Municipal wastes.
PB88-113477/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Compendium of Costs of Remedial Technologies
at Hazardous Waste Sites. Final rept. Jan 85-Sep
86,
Environmental Law Inst., Washington, DC.
E. C. Yang, D. Bauma, L. Schwartz, and J. D. Werner.
Oct 87, 206p EPA/600/2-87/087
Contract EPA-68-03-3113
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Accurate estimates of hazardous waste site remedial
responses are important in order to: (1) budget the Su-
perfund Response Fund; (2) estimate costs at specific
sites; (3) cost-effectively select remedial actions; and,
(4) effectively negotiate with private response parties
for private action or cost recovery. The costs docu-
mented here are the bottomline numbers showing the
ultimate cost of the responses. The data supporting
this compendium is derived from a series of 31 case
studies of actual hazardous waste remedial re-
sponses. The report also investigates the divergence
between actual remedial costs and estimates from ex-
isting engineering cost methodologies.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Industrial wastes,
'Costs, Site survey, Waste disposal, Public health,
Water pollution, Solid waste disposal. Graphs(Charts),
'Remedial actions, 'Superfund program, 'Municipal
wastes, Land reclamation, Liquid waste disposal.
PB88-113485/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Wall-Fired Boiler Design Criteria for Dry Sorbent
S02 Control with Low NOx Burners. Final rept. Feb
83-Feb 85,
Riley Stoker Corp., Worcester, MA.
R. K. Mongeon. Sep 87, 414p EPA/600/7-87/021
Contract EPA-68-02-3912
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report assesses the impact of Limestone Injection
Multistage Burner (LIMB) technology on wall-fired utili-
ty boilers for both new and retrofit designs. Recent at-
tention has focused on dry sorbent sulfur dioxide
(S02) control technology which, in conjunction with
low-nitrogen-oxide (low-NOx) burners, can reduce the
two main acid rain precursors, S02 and NOx. Riley
Stoker wall-fired boilers are used for the survey and
compared with the entire wall-fired, coal-fired utility
boiler population. The influence of dry sorbents and
staged combustion burners on boiler design was re-
viewed, and potential problem areas are noted. The
review covers the sorbent (including storage and han-
dling), the boiler and its appurtenances, and related
flue gas cleanup and handling system.
Keywords: 'Boilers, 'Burners, 'Air pollution, Sulfur di-
oxide, Nitrogen oxides, Sorbents, Flue gases, Lime-
stone, Coal, Design criteria, Stationary sources, Lime-
stone Injection Multistage Burners.
PB88-113543/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Health Advisories for SO Pesticides (Including Acl-
fluorfen, Ametryn, Ammonium Sulfamate, Atra-
zine, Baygon, Bentazon, Bromacil, Butylate, Car-
baryl, Carboxin, Chloramben, Chlorothalonll,
Cyanazine, Dalapon, Dacthal, Diazinon, Dicamba,
1,3-Dichloropropene, Dleldrin, Dimethrin, Dinoseb,
Diphenamid, Disulfoton, Dluron Endothall, Ethyl-
ene Thiourea, Fenamiphos, Fluometuron, Fono-
fos, Glyphosate, Hexazinone, Maleic Hydrazide,
MCPA, Methomyl, Methyl Parathion, Metolachlor,
Metribuzln, Paraquat, Plcloram, Prometon, Prona-
mid, Propachlor, Propazine, Propham, Simazlne,
2,4,5-T, Tebuthluron, Terbacil...). Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Aug 87, 820p
See also PB86-118338.
These documents summarize the health effects of 50
pesticides including: acifluorfen, ametryn, ammonium
sulfamate, atrazine, baygon, bentazon, bromacil, buty-
late, carbaryl, carboxin, chloramben, chlorothalonil,
cyanazine, dalapon, dacthal, diazinon, dicamba, 1,3-
dichloropropene, dieldrin, dimethrin, dinoseb, diphena-
mid, disulfoton, diuron, endothall, ethylene thiourea,
fenamiphos, fluometuron, fonofos, glyphosate, hexa-
zinone, maleic hydrazide, MCPA, methomyl, methyl
parathion, metolachlor, metribuzin, paraquat, picloram,
prometon, pronamid, propachlor, propazine, propham,
simazine, 2,4,5-T, tebuthiuron, terbacil, terbufos, and
trifluralin. Topics discussed include: General Informa-
tion and Properties, Pharmacokinetics, Health Effects
in Humans and Animals, Quantification of Toxicologi-
cal Effects, Other Criteria Guidance and Standards,
Analytical Methods, and Treatment Technologies.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, 'Chemical compounds, Reviews, Physical prop-
erties, Reaction kinetics, Chemical properties, Industri-
al medicine. Water pollution, Public health, Carcino-
gens, Mutagens, 'Drinking water, 'Water pollution
standards, 'Environmental health.
PB88-113642/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Guide-
lines for Mutagenicity Risk Assessment and Some
Comments on Aneuploidy,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
V L Dellarco, and D. Jacobson-Kram. Sep 87,18p
EPA/600/D-87/312
The paper describes the risk assessment strategy
used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) to evaluate mutagenic risk. The Agency consid-
ers all endpoints relevant to genetic risk. Evaluating
and quantifying risk is not a straightforward process
and requires many assumptions. The U.S. EPA muta-
genicity guidelines should not be regarded as compre-
hensive or complete, but rather providing a reasonable
guide for using toxicological data in assessing genetic
risk. Because of the dynamic nature of the area, as
new information is gained, the 'Guidelines' will be'up-
dated and modified if necessary.
Keywords: 'Assessments, 'Guidelines, Hazardous
materials, Risk, Exposure, Toxicity, Inspection, Muta-
gens, Genetics, Reprints, 'Mutagenicity, Health risks
PB88-113659/HSU	PC A02/MF AOI
Human Exposure Estimation for 2,3,7,8-TCDD.
Symposium paper,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
C. H. Nauman, and J. H. Schaum. Sep 87,10p EPA/
600/D-87/311
Exposure assessment procedures have been devel-
oped using relevant and likely scenarios through which
humans could be exposed to dioxin-contaminated soil.
Five exposure pathways were chosen for analysis:
dust inhalation; fish ingestion; dermal absorption; soil
ingestion; and, beef/dairy product ingestion. Equa-
tions for calculating exposure levels and associated
cancer risks are presented, and factors describing
contact rate, exposure duration, absorbed fraction and
miscellaneous parameters for each pathway are dis-
cussed.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Exposure, 'As-
sessments, Environmental surveys, Risk, Toxicology,
Sources, Industrial wastes, Soil chemistry, Carcino-
gens, Adsorption, Ingestion(Biology), 'Health risks,
Dioxin/tetrachloro-dibenzo, Toxic substances. Envi-
ronmental health.
PB88-113667/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Field Evaluation of the Land-O-Matic Dry Pellet
Chlorination System,
Indian Health Service, Tucson, AZ.
W. T. Park. Sep 87, 57p* EPA/600/2-87/085
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
A project was initiated to evaluate the effectiveness of
Land-O-Matic Dry Pellet Chlorinators to deliver a de-
sired chlorine dose in domestic water systems that
would normally receive only occasional monitoring and
adjustment. The Land-O-Matic Dry Pellet Chlorinator
was found to be capable of providing an acceptable
average chlorine dose in well water supplied to domes-
tic water systems. The chlorinator proved to be reliable
and easy to operate, but it required regularly sched-
uled monitoring and maintenance.
Keywords: "Chlorinators, 'Water treatment, Perform-
ance evaluation, Chlorination, Effectiveness, Monitor-
ing, Field tests, Water wells, Operations, Pellets, Reli-
ability, Maintenance, Water distribution.
PB88-113675/HSU	PC A02/MF AOI
Corvailis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Process Models for Monitoring Forest Health
Symposium paper,
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvailis, OR.
K. H. Ritters. Sep 87,10p EPA/600/D-87/307
Sponsored by Corvailis Environmental Research Lab.
Process models have been suggested as a basis for
forest monitoring. A process model-based system
yields biologically interpretable data according to a
particular hypothesis of forest biology. But there is a
potential tradeoff between the need for practicality in
an operational monitoring system and the need for re-
alism in the underlying model(s). Despite their realism
process models are sometimes viewed as impractical
for monitoring because they incorporate too much
detail, require too many measurements, or need better
calibration. However, process models can be applied
to forest health monitoring in at least three ways. An
analogy with human health monitoring motivates the
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
use of forest process models in designing a forest
health monitoring system
Keywords: "Forestry, 'Models, Process control, Moni-
toring, Growth, Yield, Air pollution, Process models,
Acid rain, Data management. Air pollution
effects (Piantsi
PB88-113691/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Remedial Action Costing Procedures Manual.
Final rept. Jan 85-Sep 86,
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
B. Burgher, M, Culpepper, and W. Zieger. Oct 87, 68p
EPA/600/8-87/049
Contract EPA-68-03-3113
Prepared in cooperation with CH2M Hill, Inc., Atlanta,
GA. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Re-
search Lab.
The manual provides specific procedures for the cost
estimating and economic analysis steps required for
preparing engineering cost estimates for selecting re-
medial action alternatives in response to the require-
ments of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)
and the National Contingency Plan (40 CFR 300). The
manual is designed to be used in conjunction with
EPA's manual entitled Guidance on Feasibility Studies
Under CERCLA (1985). The audience for the manual
includes EPA Regional Project Officers, remedial in-
vestigation/feasibility study contractors, and state and
local remedial action personnel and other Federal
agencies. Detailed procedures are provided for gener-
ating estimated capital and annual operating costs,
calculating annual costs and present worth for each
remedial action alternative, and performing sensitivity
analyses of the cost estimates to determine the impact
of changes to various cost input parameters. Work-
sheets are provided to assist the user in developing
the feasibility cost analyses. An example cost analysis
is provided to illustrate these procedures.
Keywords: "Economic analysis, "Cost estimates,
'Manuals, Assessments, Feasibility, Waste disposal.
Public health, Environmental impacts, Sites, "Remedi-
al actions, Solid waste management, Hazardous
waste, Superfund program, Municipal wastes.
PB88-113808/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency. Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Post Construction Performance of Schrelber
Counter-Current Aeration Facilities. Final rept.
1983-87.
Weston (Roy F.), Inc., West Chester, PA.
Oct 87.352p* EPA/600/2-87/089
Contract EPA-68-01 -6737
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The document presents the results of a technology as-
sessment of the Schreiber counter-current aeration
system. As of the Fall ot 1984, 44 plants utilizing the
technology were either operating or under construc-
tion in the United States. The aeration process em-
ploys air diffusers mounted at the bottom of a rotating
bridge in a circular aeration tank. The configuration is
claimed to reduce energy costs by providing a higher
oxygen transfer efficiency than alternate methods. Op-
erating records at the counter-current aeration facili-
ties in Carlisle and Hampden, Pennsylvania, and Clai-
borne County and Loudon, Tennessee were utilized to
determine performance and energy requirements at
these facilities. These records were supplemented by
on-site measurements of air flows, power usage, and
additional wastewater sampling.
Keywords: "Aerators, "Aeration tanks, "Sewage treat-
ment, Activated sludge process, Diffusers, Air circula-
tion, Oxygen, Requirements, Design criteria, Technol-
ogy assessment, Dissolved gases, Tests, Mainte-
nance, Comparison, Efficiency, Sites, United States,
Tables(Data), "Energy requirements.
PB88-114012/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Sensitivity Analysis and Preliminary Evaluation of
RELMAP (Regional Lagrangian Model of Air Pollu-
tion) Involving Fine and Course Particulate Matter,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
B. K. Eder Oct 87, 89p EPA/600/3-87/034
In response to the new, size-discriminate federal
standards for Inhalable Particulate Matter, the Region-
al Lagrangian Model of Air Pollution (RELMAP) has
been modified to include simple, linear parameteriza-
tions. As an initial step in the possible refinement,
RELMAP has been subjected to a sensitivity analysis
in which the effect of inducing a + /- 50% change in
the three major parameterizations (transformation rate
and wet and dry deposition rates) involving the simula-
tion of fine and coarse particulate matter has been ex-
amined. Simulated concentrations of fine and coarse
particulate matter proved to be most sensitive to the
wet deposition of fine and coarse particulate matter,
respectively; fine concentrations were somewhat sen-
sitive to the transformation rate of sulfur dioxide S02
into sulfate S04 =, and less sensitive to the wet depo-
sition of S02, and the dry deposition of fine particulate
matter and S02; and finally, coarse concentrations
were somewhat sensitive to dry deposition of coarse
particulate matter. In order to assess the model's abili-
ties, and to determine just how accurately these new
parameters simulate the actual physical and chemical
processes of the atmosphere, RELMAP was evaluated
for the summer of 1980 using emissions data from the
NAPAP Version 5.0 emissions inventory, monitoring
data from the Inhalable Particulate Network, and mete-
orological data from the National Climatic Data Center.
Unfortunately, several obstacles limited the scope of
the evaluation, the two most important being the omis-
sion of open source emissions from the NAPAP inven-
tory, and the spatial and temporal incompatibility of the
IPN data. Given the nature ot these deficiencies, it is
not surprising the model significantly underpredicted
the concentrations of fine and coarse particulate
matter. The model did, however, exhibit some skill in
its simulation of the concentrations, producing correla-
tion coefficients of 0.53 and 0.33 for fine and coarse
particulate matter respectively.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Atmospheric diffusion,
"Model tests, Particles, Mathematical models, Atmos-
pheric models, Computerized simulation, Performance
evaluation, Standards, Lagrangian functions, Sulfates,
Sulfur	dioxide,	Deposition,
Concentration(Composition), Particulates, Sensitivity
analysis, Parametric analysis, Air pollution standards,
RELMAP(Regional Lagrangian Model of Air Pollution),
Regional lagrangian model of air pollution.
PB88-114053/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Multi-Media Compliance Audit Procedures.
National Enforcement Investigations Center, Denver,
CO.
Jun87,212p* EPA/330/9-87/001-R
The manual is intended as a guide for investigators
who conduct multi media compliance audits of facili-
ties that discharge, emit, prepare, manage, store, or
dispose of pollutants controlled by federal, state or
local environmental laws and regulations. Investigative
methods are presented which integrate the enforce-
ment programs associated with air, water, solid waste,
pesticides and toxic substances. Investigators per-
forming compliance audits follow established policies
and procedures for: (1) chain-of-custody and docu-
ment control; (2) handling of confidential enformation;
(3) employee conduct; (4) quality assurance and qual-
ity control; and, (5> safety rules.
Keywords: "Manuals, "Water pollution, "Audits, Indus-
trial wastes, Monitoring, "Environmental management,
'Pesticides pollution.
PB88-114079/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Decision Support System for Drinking Water Re-
search Using Microcomputers and Mainframes.
Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH:
Drinking Water Research Div.
R. A. Deininger, R. M. Clark, and B. W. Lykins. Sep 87,
94p EPA/600/2-87/088
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor.
School of Public Health.
The purpose of the study was to establish research
data bases from a series of extramural and intramural
research studies, to demonstrate data management
and analysis systems which allow easy access and
manipulation of the data, and to demonstrate the use
of the system to a number of potential users. The study
has led to an extensive collection of drinking water re-
search data at one single location in an easily accessi-
ble form. Some preliminary analyses illustrate the ways
in which interactive data analysis may be undertaken
and how data bases for various sources may be
merged. The use of microcomputers in laboratories, in
the field and in small water treatment plants is de-
scribed and their advantages and limitations are ex-
plored.
Keywords: "Information systems, Data analysis, Re-
search, Computer applications, Microcomputers, Pota-
ble water, Systems engineering, Water treatment,
Tables(Data), Reprints, 'Drinking water, "Data man-
agement, Drinking Water Research Division, Environ-
mental Protection Agency.
PB88-114277/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA,
Region X.
Comparison between English Sole Diseases In
Commencement Bay and in Selected Nonurban
Embayments. Rept. for 1979-84,
National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA. North-
west and Alaska Fisheries Center.
B. B. McCain, L. D. Rhodes, M. S. Myers, and D. C.
Malins. Jun 86,20p EPA/910/9-86/140
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seat-
tle, WA. Region X.
The purpose of the study was to compare the types
and prevalences of idiopathic lesions of the liver previ-
ously observed in English sole from Commencement
Bay with those from selected nonurban embayments.
The number and prevalences of different types of idio-
pathic liver lesions were generally greater in English
sole from Commencement Bay compared to the non-
urban areas sampled in the study. The prevalences of
these lesions in Commencement Bay sole are relative-
ly low compared to other polluted areas ('hot spots') in
Puget Sound (e.g., the Duwamish Waterway and Eagle
Harbor). In contrast, the prevalences of renal and res-
piratory lesions were greater at the non-urban sites.
These types of results underscore the necessity of
clarifying lesion etiology if lesions are to be used as in-
dicators of environmental quality.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Water pollution, "Aquatic biology,
Diseases, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), Com-
mencement	Bay(Washington),	Puget
Sound(Washington), Environmental monitoring.
PB88-114996/HSU	PC A22/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Polymer Manufacturing Industry - Background In-
formation for Proposed Standards. Environmental
impact Statement (Draft).
Pacific Environmental Sen/ices, Inc., Durham, NC.
Sep 85, 507p EPA/450/3-83/019A
Contract EPA-68-02-3060
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
Standards of performance for the control of volatile or-
ganic compound emissions from the polymer manu-
facturing industry are being proposed under the au-
thority of Section 111 of the Clean Air Act. These
standards would apply to new, modified, and recon-
structed facilities that manufacture polypropylene, pol-
yethylene, polystyrene, or poly(ethylene terephtha-
late). The document contains background information
and environmental and economic impact assessments
of the regulatory alternatives considered in developing
the proposed standards.
Keywords: 'Polymers, 'Manufacturing, 'Emission,
Polypropylene, Pollution, Standards, Regulations, Pol-
yethylene, Polystyrene, Polyethylene teraphthalate.
Volatile organic compounds.
PB88-115001/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Air Toxics Emissions from Motor Vehicles. Techni-
cal rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technical Support Staff.
P. M. Carey. Sep 87,129p EPA/AA/TSS/PA-86/5
The report is designed to be a compilation of available
information on emission levels of potentially carcino-
genic substances from motor vehicles. While earlier
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
EPA reports discussed air toxics emissions in general,
their main emphasis was not mobile sources.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, Motor vehicles, Air
pollution, Regulations, Benzene, Formaldehyde, As-
bestos, Metals, Carcinogens, Air quality, Diesel engine
exhaust, Dioxin/tetrachloro-dibenzo.
PB88-115084/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Motor Vehicle Tampering Survey - 1986. Final
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Field Operations and Support Div.
R. Greco. Sep 87, 85p EPA/460/1 -87/001
See also report (or 1985, PB87-139168.
The Environmental Protection Agency conducted a
survey of 7,541 lightduty motor vehicles for tampering
with emission control devices. All vehicles inspected
were classified into one of four mutually exclusive cat-
egories: tampered (at least one control device re-
moved or rendered inoperative), arguably tampered
(potential, but not clear-cut tampering), malfunctioning,
and okay (all control devices present and apparently
operating properly). The results were: tampered-20%,
arguably tampered-25%, malfunctioning-1 % and ok
54%.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Emission control device
deactivation. Air pollution control equipment. Surveys,
Statistical data, Exhaust emissions, Inspection, 'Light
duty vehicles, Tampering.
PB88-11S092/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of Complex
Environmental Mixtures V,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
S. S. Sandhu, D. M. DeMarini, M. J. Mass, M. M.
Moore, and J. S, Mumford. 1987, 396p EPA/600/9-
87/019
See also report dated Mar 82, PB82-233172.
Topics presented in the book are: new chemical and
biological methods in complex mixture research; mo-
lecular dosimetry as applied to complex mixtures: inte-
grated in-situ monitoring; genotoxicology of aquatic or-
ganisms; atmospheric transportation processes in the
production of genotoxic agents; and, indoor air pollu-
tion.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Bioassay, 'Toxicology, Risk,
Hazards, National government, Sampling, Air pollution,
Distillation, Water pollutions, Potable water, Effluents,
Environmental Protection Agency, Particulates, Muta-
genesis.
PB88-116173/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Analysis of Recent Environmental Legislation as
It Affects the Public Water Supply. Volume 1. Leg-
islative Analysis. Final rept.,
Clark Univ., Worcester, MA.
H. E. Schwartz, B.J. Ram, and J. J. Wineman. Oct 87,
252p EPA/600/9-87/027A
See also Volume 2, PB88-116181. Prepared in coop-
eration with Meta Systems, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Sponsored by Municipal Environmental Research
Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
The study involves the analysis of three major environ-
mental laws - the Clean Water Act, the Resource Con-
servation and Recovery Act, and the Toxic Sub-
stances Control Act - and the regulations and pro-
grams under these acts as they effect implementation
of the Safe Drinking Water Act. The purposes of the
study are: (1) to determine what needs exist for coordi-
nating current programs to more effectively protect
public water supplies; (2) to identify problems related
to the protection of public water supplies that are not
explicity covered by the legislation; and (3) to develop
recommendations for a research agenda for the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency to address these prob-
lems. The methodology developed for the study was
intended to identify how the Safe Drinking Water Act
related to implementation of the other legislation, what
mechanisms for coordination currently exist, what
mechanisms are insufficient or lacking, and what drink-
ing water related problems are inadequately ad-
dressed.
Keywords: "Environmental policy, "Land use, Legisla-
tion, Planning, Water resources, Water rights, Water
supplies, "Clean Water Act, Safe Drinking Water Act.
PB88-116181/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Analysis of Recent Environmental Legislation as
It Affects the Public Water Supply. Volume 2.
Case Study Analysis. Final rept,
Clark Univ., Worcester, MA.
H. E. Schwartz, B.J. Ram, and J.J. Wineman. Oct 87,
254p EPA/600/9-87/027B
See also Volume 1, PB88-116173. Prepared in coop-
eration with Meta Systems, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Sponsored by Municipal Environmental Research
Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
The study involves the analysis of three major environ-
mental laws - the Clean Water Act, the Resource Con-
servation and Recovery Act, and the Toxic Sub-
stances Control Act - and the regulations and pro-
grams under these acts as they effect implementation
of the Safe Drinking Water Act. The purposes of the
study are: (1) to determine what needs exist for coordi-
nating current programs to more effectively protect
public water supplies; (2) to identify problems related
to the protection of public water supplies that are not
explicity covered by the legislation; and (3) to develop
recommendations for a research agenda for the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency to address these prob-
lems. The methodology developed for the study was
intended to identify how the Safe Drinking Water Act
related to implementation of the other legislation, what
mechanisms for coordination currently exist, what
mechanisms are insufficient or lacking, and what drink-
ing water related problems are inadequately ad-
dressed.
Keywords: 'Environmental policy, 'Land use, Legisla-
tion, Planning, Water resources, Water rights, Water
supplies, 'Clean Water Act, Safe Drinking Water Act.
PB88-116736/HSU	PC A03/ MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision F,
Position Document: Selection of a Maximum Tol-
erated Dose (MTD) in Oncogenicity Studies,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC,
Office of Pesticide Programs.
T. Farber. Sep 87, 14p EPA/540/09-88/003
See also PB86-108958 and PB86-248184.
In response to the need to improve scientific and regu-
latory decisions and to provide additional guidance for
the investigators performing oncogenicity studies, this
position statement is presented by the Toxicology
Branch of the Hazard Evaluation Division in the Office
of Pesticide Programs. The position statement reflects
the scientific thoughts of only the Office of Pesticide
Programs (OPP) and should not be construed to be
guidance from any other Office within EPA.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Standards, 'Toxicology, As-
sessments, Regulations, Exposure, Risk, Environmen-
tal impacts, Fungicides, Laboratory animals, Muta-
gens, Safety, "Oncogenesis, Health risks, Benefits.
PB88-117015/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Illinois Annual Air Quality Report, 1986.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Air Pollution Control.
Jun 87,138p IEPA/APC-87-008
See also report for 1985, PB86-216140.
The document summarizes ambient air quality meas-
urements obtained in Illinois during the calendar year
of 1986. The report discusses air quality data obtained
for each site, provides statistical summaries, details air
quality violations and provides trend data where avail-
able. Background information is included concerning
sources of air pollutants, health effects, air quality
standards and ambient monitoring methodologies.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Illinois. Environmental sur-
veys, Monitors, Trends, Standards, Sources,
Tables(Data), Statistical data, "Air quality data, Air
sampling, Air quality control regions, Air pollution
standards.
PB88-117056/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Intensive Survey of the Illinois River (Arkansas
and Oklahoma) in August 1985,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J H Gakstatter, and A. Katko Oct 87, 153p EPA/600/
3-87/040
A water quality survey of the Illinois River Basin was
conducted August 16-29, 1985, in response to con-
cerns that water clarity had decreased in the lower
reach which is designated as an Oklahoma scenic
river. The survey results demonstrated that back-
ground phosphorus concentrations in the basin were
very low; however, Osage Creek, which carried treated
wastewater from two Arkansas municipalities, typically
had total phosphorus concentrations much higher than
background and substantially increased total phos-
phorus in the Illinois River above Lake Frances. Water
in the Illinois River, entering Lake Frances, was some-
what turbid from inorganic particles of natural origin
and rich in phosphorus. The high phosphorus levels
supported substantial algal growth in Lake Frances
and the phytoplankton, combined with suspended in-
organic particles, diminished water clarity in the river
for 20 miles or more below the Lake Frances Dam.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Illinois River, "Water analy-
sis, Phosphorous, Sampling, Arkansas, Oklahoma,
Water pollution, Phytoplankton, Ground water.
PB88-117163/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
REPRISK Code Documentation. Volume 2. Final
rept.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
1 Oct 83,197p
Contract EPA-68-01-6628
See also PB88-111414. Sponsored by Office of Radi-
ation Programs, Washington, DC,
To assist the Environmental Protection Agency in eval-
uating releases from a variety of combinations of geo-
logic settings, radionuclide inventories, mechanisms
and pathways for radioactive releases, time frames,
and dose uptake pathways, a computer model based
on the results of these technical investigations was do-
veloped. The model is called REPRISK. The report is
documentation for the REPRISK code. It concentrates
on the mechanics of the model.
Keywords: 'Release mechanisms, 'Radioactive iso-
topes, Radiation, Models, Computer programs, Geolo-
gy, Documentation, "REPRISK computer program.
PB88-117270/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision O,
Residue Chemistry, Series 171-4. Magnitude of
the Residue: Processed Food/Feed Study. Ad-
dendum 4 on Data Reporting.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA,
Hazard Evaluation Div.
M. J. Nelson, and F. D. Griffith. Nov 87,10p EPA/540/
9-88/004
See also PB83-153981.
The Data Reporting Guideline (DRG) for Magnitude of
the Residue: Processed Food/Feed Study Series 171-
4, gives guidance to pesticide registrants on the tormat
for their study report so that the Agency can review it
efficiently. The guidance clarifies sections in the exist-
ing Pesticides Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision O
on data reporting. It provides an outline for the study
report, describes the topics which should be ad-
dressed and provides guidance on the presentation of
the results of the study. Data submitters can use the
DRG in preparing their reports for submission to EPa
to meet 40 CFR 158 requirements for the registration
of pesticides. The DRG for Series 171-4, Magnitude of
the Residue: Processed Food/Feed Study is only one
of a number of DRG's published by the National Tech-
nical Information Service as an addendum to Subdivi-
sion O of the Pesticide Assessment Guidelines.
Keywords: "Pesticides. 'Guidelines, "Residues. Reg.
istration.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-1172S8/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision E,
Hazard Evaluation: Wildlife and Aquatic Orga-
nisms, Series 71-3. Wild Mammal Toxicity Test.
Addendum 3 on Data Reporting,
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Hazard Evaluation Oiv.
C. E. Laird. Nov 87,11 p
See also PB83-153908.
The Data Reporting Guideline (DRG) for Wild Mammal
Toxicity Test, Series 71-3, gives guidance to pesticide
registrants on the format for their study report so that
the Agency can review it efficiently. It clarifies sections
in the existing Pesticides Assessment Guidelines, Sub-
division E, on data reporting and provides an outline
for study reports and describes the topics and the
order in which they should be addressed. Formats for
the presentation of mortality, weight and food con-
sumption data in tables is also provided. Data submit-
ters can use the DRG in preparing their reports for sub-
mission to EPA to meet 40 CFR 158 requirements for
the registration of pesticides. The DRG for Series 71-3,
Wild Mammal Toxicity Test is only one of a number of
DRG's published by the National Technical Informa-
tion Service as an addendum to Subdivision E of the
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Guidelines, Fishes, Wildlife,
Tests, Toxicity, 'Wild mammal toxicity test.
PB08-117296/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision L,
Hazard Evaluation: Nontarget Insects, Series 141-
1, 141-2, and 141-5. Honey Bee Studies. Adden-
dum 1 on Data Reporting,
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Hazard Evaluation Div.
A. W. Vaughan. Nov 87,17p
See also PB83-153957.
The Data Reporting Guideline (DRG) for the Honey
Bee Studies, Series 141-1, 141-2 and 141-5, gives
guidance to pesticide registrants on the format for their
study report so that the Agency can review it efficient-
ly. It clarifies sections in the existing Pesticides As-
sessment Guidelines, Subdivision L, on data reporting
and provides an outline for study reports and describes
the topics and the order in which they should be ad-
dressed. Examples of tables are also provided. The
guideline actually contains formats for the preparation
of reports for three studies: Honey Bee Acute Contact
LD50, Series 141-1; Honey Bee-Toxicity of Residues
on Foliage, Series 141 -2; and Field Testing for Pollina-
tors, Series 141-5. Data submitters can use the DRG in
preparing their reports for submission to EPA to meet
40 CFR 158 requirements for the registration of pesti-
cides. The DRG for Series 141-1, 141-2, and 141-5,
Honey Bee Studies is the only DRG published by the
National Technical Information Service as an adden-
dum to Subdivision L of the Pesticide Assessment
Guidelines.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Guidelines, Assessments,
Toxicity, Residues, 'Honey bees, Pesticide assess-
ment guidelines.
PBM-117866/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Survey of New Industrial Boiler Projects - 1981-
1984. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. M. White. Apr 87,51 p EPA/450/3-87/006
Contract EPA-68-02-3810
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The report presents an analysis of new industrial boil-
ers sold between 1981 and 1984. The analysis fo-
cuses on 151 new coal-, oil-, natural gas-, and wood-
fired boilers larger than 100 million Btu/hour and 291
existing boilers. Specific issues examined in the report
include the reasons for purchasing new industrial boil-
ers, the percentage of new boilers used for new appli-
cations versus replacement of existing boilers, and the
impact of new boiler purchases on sulfur dioxide emis-
sions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Boilers, Surveys,
Sulfur dioxide, Steam electric power generation, Cost
analysis, Prices, Capacity, Purchasing.
PB88-117882/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of 4,4'-Methylenebis-(2-Chloroanillne) and
Benzotrlchlorlde in Human and/or Animal Tis-
sues,
Medical Coll. of Ohio at Toledo. Dept. of Pathology.
G. D. Stoner, H. A. J. Schut, N. Shivapurkar, and L C.
Hsu. Oct 87,49p EPA/600/1-87/010
Prepared in cooperation with Maryland Univ., Balti-
more. Dept. of Pathology. Sponsored by Health Effects
Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
4,4'-Methylene-bis(2-chloraniline)(MOCA) is an aro-
matic amine with structural similarity to known human
bladder carcinogens, and induces urothelial tumors in
dogs. Therefore, the authors compare the binding to
DNA and DNA-adduct formation of 4,4'-Methylene-
bis(2-chloraniline) (MOCA) in explant cultures of
human and dog bladder. The DNA binding of MOCA in
both human and dog bladder explants was related to
the dose of MOCA. In both species, there appeared to
be a population with high DNA binding activity and an-
other with low DNA binding activity. Preliminary studies
using the 32p-postlabeling technique showed that sev-
eral MOCA-DNA adducts were formed in both human
and dog bladder with at least three adducts in common
between the two species. These results indicate the
potential of MOCA to induce genetic damage in human
bladder and suggest caution in the occupational expo-
sure of humans to this chemical. Benzotrichloride
(BTC) is used in the synthesis of benzoyl chloride and
benzoyl peroxide, and epidemiological data suggest
that BTC is a human lung carcinogen. In the project,
BTC was evaluated for its ability to induce lung adeno-
mas in strain A/J mice.
Keywords: "Toxicity, Humans, Laboratory animals,
Tissues(Biology), Amines, "Benzotrichloride, 'Chlor-
oaniline/methylenebis.
PB88-117981/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Summary of State Radon Programs. Appendix.
Final rept.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Aug 87,288p* EPA/520/1-87/19-2
See also PB88-111067.
The report describes the range of State radon activi-
ties underway, the administrative and legislative mech-
anisms used to support these activities, and the re-
sources devoted to them. The report focuses on the
scope and magnitude of the radon program within
each State, rather than on the radon problem and how
to address it. Hence, the report is not a comprehensive
source of technical information, nor a source of meas-
urement or mitigation results.
Keywords: 'Radon, State government, Legislation,
Programs, 'Radiation pollution, 'Indoor air pollution.
PB88-118286/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Illinois Environmental Protection Agency Stand-
ards and Specifications for Soil Erosion and Sedi-
ment Control.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
Oct 87,180p IEPA/WPC/87-012
Design standards for soil erosion and sediment control
in construction sites were developed to provide techni-
cal guidance to construction permit applicants. Utiliza-
tion of the design standards provides the user with a
series of management practices appropriate for ero-
sion control under differing site conditions in adequate
detail to be incorporated within plans and specifica-
tions. Incorporation of these guidelines into develop-
ment of plans and specifications will achieve compli-
ance with the goals of Illinois' Water Quality Manage-
ment Plan by construction permit applicants.
Keywords: 'Soil erosion, 'Design standards, 'Illinois,
Sediments, Specifications, Standards, Runoff, Con-
struction, Land development.
PB88-118476/HSU	PC A1S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Stationary Source Compliance Div.
Continuous Emission Monitoring Sytams Subset
(CEMSS) User's Guide. Final rept.,
TRC Environmental Consultants, Inc., East Hartford,
CT.
R. O. Bowers. May 87,347p" EPA/340/1 -87/003
Contract EPA-68-02-3961
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Stationary Source Compliance Div.
The guide provides instructions for use of the Continu-
ous Emission Monitoring Systems Subset (CEMSS), a
data base installed on the EPA NCC IBM computer.
Also, major CEMS policy documents are reproduced.
Continuous Emissions Monitoring System (CEMS) pro-
grams provide the basis for the most comprehensive
source surveillance networks available to the U.S. En-
vironmental Protection Agency (EPA). The Stationary
Source Compliance Division (SSCD), EPA's Regional
Offices, and State and local agencies must implement
an effective and successful CEMS program for numer-
ous categories of pollutant source. These consist of
several New Source Performance Standards (NSPS)
sources categories and four categories of State Imple-
mentation Plan (SIP) sources. The SIP sources include
fossil fuel-fired steam generators, sulfuric and nitric
acid plants, and petroleum refineries. A partial listing of
CEMS regulations can be found in Pate.
Keywords: 'Monitors, Performance evaluation, Quality
assurance, Comparison, 'Continuous emission moni-
toring system, Air pollution detection.
PB88-118492/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Evaluation of Emission Factors for Formaldehyde
from Certain Wood Processing Operations. Final
rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
C. E. Burklin, and T. S. White. Oct 87,79p EPA/450/3-
87/023
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards.
A State pollution control agency requested assistance
from EPA's Control Technology Center (CTC) in esti-
mating formaldehyde emissions from furniture manu-
facturing processes. These plants use urea-formalde-
hyde adhesive resin formulations which emit formalde-
hyde during application, curing, and storage. The pri-
mary sources of information for the study include li-
brary and permit data base searches, telephone con-
ferences and meetings with members of the furniture
and adhesive manufacturing industries. The report es-
timates emission factors for the most significant
sources and discusses the impact of process variables
and modifications on these emissions.
Keywords: 'Formaldehyde, 'Emission, Air pollution
control, Organic compounds, Adhesives, Wood proc-
essing industry, Furniture manufacture, Stationary
sources.
PB88-118591/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evaluating Treatment Plants for Particulats Con-
taminant Removal. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
G. S. Logsdon. 1987,14p EPA/600/J-87/098
Supersedes PB87-174868. Pub. in Jnl. of American
Water Works Association, v79 n9 p82-92 Sep 87.
The article is intended to serve as a guide for those
who evaluate water treatment plants with the objective
of lowering the turbidity of finished water produced
from filtration plants in which chemical coagulation is
part of the treatment process. Ineffective removal of
turbidity may be related to several factors, including
the physical condition of the facilities, the hydraulics of
treatment processes, the quality of water, and the
competence of the operating staff. Descriptions of the
proper operation of each component in the process
train and pragmatic remedies to improve performance
are given In the report.
Keywords: 'Filtration, 'Water treatment, Coagulation,
Turbidity, Removal, Hydraulics, Performance evalua-
tion, Operations, Mixing, Flow rate, Feed pumps, Sedi-
mentation, Water treatment plants, Particulates.
PB88-118S30/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Ma neb.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Jan 84, 58p EPA/600/X-84/127
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Maneb was prepared by the Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous constitu-
ents of a wide range of waste streams under Section
3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Maneb
has been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An Ac-
ceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount of a
chemical to which humans can be exposed on a daily
basis over an extended period of time (usually a life-
time) without suffering a deleterious effect, for Maneb
is 5x 010 mg/kg bw/day for oral exposure.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Fungicides, Haz-
ardous materials, Toxicology, Exposure, Standards,
Carcinogens, Mutagens, Transport properties, Ecolo-
gy, Throcarbamates, 'Health risks, 'Environment ef-
fects, 'Maneb, Mutagenesis, Carcinogenesis, Pharma-
cokinetics, Toxic substances, CAS 12427-38-2.
PB88-119417/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Trial-
late.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Dec 83,45p EPA/600/X-84/124
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Trial-
late was prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and As-
sessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste to support listings of hazardous constituents of
a wide range of waste streams under Section 3001 of
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Triallate
has been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An Ac-
ceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount of a
chemical to which humans can be exposed on a daily
basis over an extended period of time (usually a life-
time) without suffering a deleterious effect, for Triallate
is .015 mg/kg bw/day for oral exosure.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, Streams, Water pollu-
tion, Health and Environmental Effects Profiles, "Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act, Carcinogene-
sis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic substances, Phar-
macokinetics, 'Triallate.
PB88-119425/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency's Direct/De-
layed Response Project: The Role of a Geograph-
ic Information System. Symposium paper,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
W. G. Campbell, G. D. Bishop, M. R. Church, J. J. Lee,
and D. A. Lammers. Sep 87,17p EPA/600/D-87/310
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Corvallis, OR., and Pacific Northwest Forest and
Range Experiment Station, Corvallis, OR. Forestry Sci-
ences Lab.
The Direct/Delayed Response Project (DDRP) exam-
ines the question 'What is the possible future long-
term response of the chemistry of surface waters to
continued acidic deposition'. The Geographic Informa-
tion System (GIS) plays a vital role in a variety of ana-
lytical procedures and predictive models. Specific GIS-
related tasks within the DDRP includes: the character-
ization of individual watersheds; the analysis and map-
ping of regional characteristics; the mapping, display,
interpolation and contouring of input/output data; the
analysis and mapping of other relevant lake and/or
stream chemical data; and the display and interpreta-
tion of regional or sub-regional variations in adsorptlve
characteristics of watersheds. These types of GIS-
based analyses contribute significantly to all levels of
research within the DDRP. The ability to incorporate
and analyze tabular and/or mapped data within the
GIS allows researchers at the EPA's Environmental
Research Laboratory in Corvallis, Oregon to interacti-
vely examine and test various hypotheses concerning
912 Vol. 90, No. 24
the long-term response of surface waters to continued
acidic deposition.
Keywords: 'Information systems, "Surface waters,
Models, Watersheds, Chemistry, Geography, Soil
properties, 'Acid deposition, Environment effects,
Direct Delayed Response Project.
PB88-119672/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Available Disposal Capacity for Solid Waste in Illi-
nois, 1987. Annual rept.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Land Pollution Control.
Aug 87,129p IEPA/LPC-87/016
The Illinois Solid Waste Management Act was signed
into law in September of 1986. The purpose of the Act
is to reduce the State's reliance on land disposal of
solid waste and promote (in descending order of pref-
erence) volume reduction, recycling and reuse, com-
bustion with energy recovery, combustion with volume
reduction, leaving disposal in landfills as a final alter-
native. The Act is implemented by the Illinois Environ-
mental Protection Agency (IEPA), the Department of
Energy and Natural Resources (DENR), and the Uni-
versity of Illinois (U of I). The Act requires the IEPA to
publish an annual report regarding the disposal capac-
ity available for solid waste in Illinois sanitary landfills.
In 1987 Illinois will dispose of 52 million cubic yards of
solid waste. Of the volume, 2% will be recycled, 3%
will be incinerated, and 95% will be landfilled.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, 'Illinois, Refuse, Recy-
cling, Recovery, Combustion, Earth fills, Capacity,
'Solid waste management.
PB88-120506/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bro-
macil.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Dec 83,44p EPA/600/X-84/122
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bro-
macil was prepared by the Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous constitu-
ents of a wide range of waste streams under Section
3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Bromacil
has been evaluated as a carcinogen. The human car-
cinogen potency factor (q1 *) for Bromacil is .064 (mg/
kg bw/day)-1 for oral exposure. Quantitative estimates
have been presented provided sufficient data are
available. Bromacil has been determined to be a sys-
temic toxicant. An Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), de-
fined as the amount of a chemical to which humans
can be exposed on a daily basis over an extended
period of time (usually a lifetime) without suffering a
deleterious effect, for Bromacil is .13 mg/kg bw/day
for oral exposure.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, Streams, Water pollu-
tion, 'Health and environmental effects profiles, 'Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act, Carcinogene-
sis, Acceptable daily intake, Toxic substances, Phar-
macokinetics, 'Bromacil.
PB88-120522/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Man-
cozeb.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,37p EPA/600/X-84/129
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Man-
cozeb was prepared by the Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous constitu-
ents of a wide range of waste streams under Section
3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Manco-
zeb has been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount
of a chemical to which humans can be exposed on a
daily basis over an extended period of time (usually a
lifetime) without suffering a deleterious effect, for Man-
cozeb is .029 mg/kg bw/day for oral exposure.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes. Streams, Water pollu-
tion, 'Health and environmental effects profiles, "Re-
source conservation and recovery act, Carcinogene-
sis, Acceptable daily intake, Toxic substances, Phar-
macokinetics, 'Mancozeb.
PB88-120S97/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
TetraTech, Inc., Bellevue, WA.
Direct/Delayed Response Protect; Field Oper-
ations and Quality Assurance Report for Soil
Sampling and Preparation In the Northeastern
United States. Volume 1. Sampling,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
D. S. Coffey, M. L. Papp, J. K. Bartz, R. D. Van
Remortel, and J. J. Lee. Sep 87,209p EPA/600/4-87/
030A
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
See also Volume 2, PB88-120605. Sponsored by Tetra
Tech, Inc., Bellevue, WA. Prepared in cooperation with
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR., and Environ-
mental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The Direct/Delayed Response Project Soil Survey in-
cludes the mapping, characterization, sampling, prepa-
ration, and analysis of soils in order to assess water-
shed response to acidic deposition within various re-
gions of the United States. Soil samples collected by
sampling crews in the Northeastern region were proc-
essed at preparation laboratories before being sent for
analysis at analytical laboratories. Volumes I and II
summarize the procedural and operational compliance
with protocols used by the sampling crews and by the
preparation laboratories, respectively. Recommenda-
tions are made for program improvement.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Stream pollution, "Soil
analysis, 'Soil surveys, Sampling, Watersheds, Map-
ping, Field tests, Laboratories, Quality control, Soil ho-
rizons, Photographs, Sites, Vegetation, Soil properties.
Equipment, Density(Mass/Volume), Thickness, pH,
Tables(Data), "Acid rain, Northeastern Region(United
States).
PB88-120605/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
Direct/Delayed Response Project Field Oper-
ations and Quality Assurance Report for SoM
Sampling and Preparation In the Northeastern
United States. Volume 2. Preparation,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
M. L. Papp, and R. D. Van Remortel. Sep 87,152p
EPA/600/4-87/030B
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
See also Volume 1, PB88-120597. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The Direct/Delayed Response Project Soil Survey in-
cludes the mapping, characterization, sampling, prepa-
ration, and analysis of soils in order to assess water-
shed response to acidic deposition within various re-
gions of the United States. Soli samples collected by
sampling crews in the Northeastern region were proc-
essed at preparation laboratories before being sent for
analysis at analytical laboratories. Volumes I and It
summarize the procedural and operational compliance
with protocols used by the sampling crews and by.tbe
preparation laboratories, respectively. Deviations from
protocols and difficulties encountered are identified
and discussed.
Keywords: "Acidification, 'Stream pollution, *SoH
analysis, "Soil surveys, Sampling, Qualitative analysis
Carbon compounds, Inorganic compounds'
Density(Mass/Volume), Moisture content, Quality con-
trol. Diving, Rocks, Statistical analysis, Laboratories
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-120621/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Eth-
ylene Thiourea.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84, 66p EPA/600/X-84/131
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for ethyl-
ene thiourea was prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous con-
stituents of a wide range of waste streams under Sec-
tion 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Ethyl-
ene thiourea has been evaluated as a carcinogen. The
human carcinogen potency factor (q1 *) for ethylene
thiourea is .18 (mg/kg bw/day)-1 for oral exposure.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, Streams, Water pollu-
tion, 'Health and Environmental Effects Profiles, 'Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act, Carcinogene-
sis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic substances, Phar-
macokinetics, 'Ethylene thiourea.
PB88-120654/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Lln-
uron.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,48p EPA/600/X-84/126
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Lin-
uron was prepared by the Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste tq support listings of hazardous constitu-
ents of a wide range of waste streams under Section
3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Linuron
has been evaluated as a carcinogen. The human car-
cinogen potency factor (q1') for Linuron is .0098 (mg/
kg bw/day)-1 for oral exposure. Quantitative estimates
have been presented provided sufficient data are
available. Linuron has been determined to be a sys-
temic toxicant. An Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), de-
fined as the amount of a chemical to which humans
can be exposed on a daily basis over an extended
period of time (usually a lifetime) without suffering a
deleterious effect, for Linuron is .013 mg/kg bw/day
for oral exposure.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, Streams, Water pollu-
tion, 'Health and Environmental Effects Profiles, 'Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act, Carcinogene-
sis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic substances, Phar-
macokinetics, 'Linuron.
PBM-120704/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air QualityPlanning and Standards.
National Oloxln Study Tier 4 - Combustion
Sources: Engineering Analysis Report. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A J. Miles, M. H. Keating, and C- L. Jamgochian. Sep
87,370p* EPA/450/4-84/014H
Contract EPA-68-02-3889
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The report summarizes the complete results of Tier 4
(combustion sources) of the National Dioxin Study.
The purpose of the Tier 4 study was to address the fol-
lowing questions: Do combustion sources emit dioxin.
If so, how much. Are these emissions significant. A
secondary Objective was to attempt to determine what
combustion parameters affect dioxin emissions and to
determine the' effectiveness of conventional control
devices for controlling dioxin emissions. The report
~resents the results of a literature review containing
249 references, the results of a stack sampling pro-
gram and the results of an ash sampling program. The
stack sampling program produced valid data from 12
sites covering 8 combustion source categories. Data
are presented for dioxin (tetra through octa homologue
+ 2378-TCDD) and furan (tetra through octa homo-
logue + 2378-TCDF) emissions as well as combustion
conditions. Where possible, data were obtained before
and after control devices. Ash samples were collected
from 74 sites covering 22 combustion source catego-
ries. Dioxin and furan data are presented for the ash
data. Various data correlations are presented.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Combustion products, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Fly ash, Flue gases, Pesti-
cides, Stationary sources, 'Emission factors, 'Diox-
ins, Dibenzodioxin/tetrachloro.
PB88-120720/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Sodium Dlethyldithiocarbamate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,41p EPA/600/X-84/136
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate was prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Envi-
ronmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,
OH for the Office of Solid Waste to support listings of
hazardous constituents of a wide range of waste
streams under Section 3001 of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Both published liter-
ature and information obtained from Agency program
office files were evaluated as they pertained to poten-
tial human health, aquatic life and environmental ef-
fects of hazardous waste constituents. Quantitative
estimates have been presented provided sufficient
data are available. Sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate has
been evaluated as a carcinogen. The human carcino-
gen potency factor (ql *) for sodium diethyl dithiocar-
bamate is .25 (mg/kg bw/day)-1 for oral exposure.
Quantitative estimates have been presented provided
sufficient data are available. Sodium diethyl dithiocar-
bamate has been determined to be a systemic toxi-
cant. An Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the
amount of a chemical to which humans can be ex-
posed on a daily basis over an extended period of time
(usually a lifetime) without suffering a deleterious
effect, for sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate is .03 mg/kg
bw/day for oral exposure.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, Streams, Water pollu-
tion, 'Health and Environmental Effects Profiles, 'Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act, Carcinogene-
sis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic substances, Phar-
macokinetics, 'Dithiocarbamate/sodlum diethyl.
PB88-120738/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Zlneb.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84, 48p EPA/600/X-84/130
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Zlneb
was prepared by the Office of Health and Environmen-
tal Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste to support listings of hazardous constituents of
a wide range of waste streams under Section 3001 of
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Zineb
has been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An Ac-
ceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount of a
chemical to which humans can be exposed on a dally
basis over an extended period of time (usually a life-
time) without suffering a deleterious effect, for Zineb is
.05 mg/kg bw/day for oral exposure.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, Streams, Water pollu-
tion, 'Health and Environmental Effects Profiles, 'Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act, Carcinogene-
sis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic substances, Phar-
macokinetics, 'Zineb.
PB48-120746/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Ozone on the Pulmonary Function of
Children,
New York Univ. Medical Center, NY. Inst, of Environ-
mental Medicine.
N. Bock, M. Lippmann, P. Lioy, A. Munoz, and F. E.
Speizer. 1985,16p EPA/600/D-85/206
Contract EPA-68-02-3764
Prepared in cooperation with Boston City Hospital, MA.
Channing Lab. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC., and National Heart,
Lung, and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.
Healthy active children, 7 to 13 years old, in a summer
recreational camp were chosen as subjects to investi-
gate the acute effects of exposure to ambient air pollu-
tion. Pulmonary function tests were administered at
the camp on 16 days during a five week period in 1982.
Ambient air pollution data were collected approximate-
ly 6 Km from the camp. For each of the 39 children
tested on six or more days, a linear regression was cal-
culated between the peak one-hour ozone concentra-
tion for a given day and each of three functional pa-
rameters determined for the same day from the spiro-
grams: forced vital capacity (FVC), Forced expiratory
volume in 1 second (PEV1), and peak expiratory flow
rate (PEFR). All mean slopes were negative, except for
FVC in boys, indicating a general tendency for de-
creased function with increasing ozone concentration;
however only PEFR mean slopes for girls and for all
subjects were statistically significantly different from
zero. For each of 49 children seen on four or more
days, a summary weighted correlation coefficient be-
tween peak ozone level and each of the three pulmo-
nary function parameters was calculated. As in the re-
gression analysis, decrements in PEFR were signifi-
cantly correlated with the ozone exposure. Overall the
decrements were small, approximately a 10% de-
crease in PEFR with an ozone exposure level of 120
ppb.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Respiration, 'Children, Exposure,
Physiological effects, Air pollution, Growth, Develop-
ment, Lung, Toxicology.
PB88-120795/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Methods of Removing Uranium from Drinking
Water: 1. A Literature Survey. 2. Present Municipal
Water Treatment and Potential Removal Methods,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
J. S. Drury, D. Michelson, J. T. Ensminger, S. Y. Lee,
and S. K. White. Dec 82,103p ORNL/EIS-194, EPA/
570/9-82/003
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
Literature was searched for methods of removing ura-
nium from drinking water. U.S. manufacturers and
users of water treatment equipment and products were
also contacted regarding methods of removing urani-
um from potable water. Based on the results of these
surveys, it was recommended that untreated, partially
treated, and finished water samples from municipal
water treatment facilities be analyzed to determine the
extent of removal of uranium by presently used proce-
dures, and that additional laboratory studies be per-
formed to determine what changes are needed to
maximize the effectiveness of treatments that are al-
ready in use in existing water treatment plants.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Uranium, 'Water treat-
ment, Chemical removal(Water treatment). Municipali-
ties, Water pollution, Sampling, pH.
PB88-120845/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of Potential Emissions of TDI (Toluene
Dliaocyanate) from Two Facilities. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Oct 87, 40p EPA/450/3-87/022
Two facilities which use toluene diisocyanate (TDI)
were inspected by EPA at the request of a county air
pollution control agency. The inspections Were per-
formed to identify potential sources of routine and'ac-
cidental releases of TDI. The report presents the re-
sults of the inspections.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Air pollution,
'Chemical industry, Emission, Hazardous, materials,
Air pollution control, Pennsylvania, 'Emission invento-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ries, "Toluene diisocyanate, Toxic substances. Volatile
organic compounds, Stationary sources.
PB88-120852/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Assessment of Microbiology and Turbidity Stand-
ards for Drinking Water. Proceedings of a Work-
shop Held at Warrenton, Virginia on December 2-
4,1981,
AWARE, Inc., Nashville, TN.
P. S. Berger, and Y. Argaman. Jul 83,401 p EPA/570/
9-83/001
Contract EPA-68-03-2917
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
The document represents the proceedings of a work-
shop in drinking water microbiology sponsored in De-
cember 1981 by the USEPA Office of Drinking Water
(ODW) in conjunction with the American Society for
Microbiology. The purpose was to examine options on
revising the current drinking water microbiology and
turbidity standards, and make recommendations to
ODW. Participants included representatives from local,
State, Federal, and foreign government agencies, uni-
versities, and industry. Six panels were convened for
the following areas of drinking water microbiology: (1)
Agents of waterborne Disease, (2) Measurement of
microbial Water Quality, (3) Monitoring, (4) Methods,
(5) Source, Treatment, and Distribution, and (6) Com-
pliance and policy issues. Each panel reviewed and
debated a draft issues paper prepared by the panel's
chairman. The six issues papers in the document re-
flect the views, conclusions, and recommendations of
each panel.
Keywords: 'Microorganisms, "Meetings, Portable
water, Coliforms, Turbidity, Standards, Drinking water,
Waterborne diseases.
PB88-122395/HSU	CP T04
Resource Conservation Recovery Act Notification
Data File. Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Solid Waste.
S. Levy, P. Murrav, and W. Sprow. 30 Sep 87, mag
tape EPA/DF/MT-88/001
Supersedes PB87-169272,
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products if you have questions.
The file contains data compiled for the Resource Con-
servation Recovery Act. Notification of Hazardous
Waste Activity, EPA form 8700-12 was used to collect
the data. The file was updated with information com-
piled from the Application for a Hazardous Waste
Permit - EPA Form 3510-3. The data includes names
and addresses of the facility owner and operator, as
well as the facility contact name and phone number.
The data indicates whether a facility is a generator,
treatment/stoves/disposer, and/or transporter of haz-
ardous waste. There is also a listing of code numbers
of waste handled, taken from 40 CFR Part 26.
Keywords: 'Data file, Licenses, State government,
Magnetic tapes, Storage, "Resource Conservation Re-
covery Act, "Waste treatment, Waste management,
Waste processing plants.
PB88-122999/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
EPA's (Environmental Protection Agency's) Use
of Benefit-Cost Analysis: 1981-1988,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
L. H. Clark. Aug 87,11 Bp EPA/230/05-87/028
See also report dated Apr 84, PB84-181601.
Contents: Historical background; Legislative authori-
ties affecting benefit-cost analysis; EPA's benefit-cost
analyses: 1981-1986; Contributions of benefit-cost
analysis; Limitations of benefit-cost analysis; Direc-
tions for the future.
Keywords: "Benefit cost analysis, "Environmental sur-
veys, "Regulations, Cost analysis. Recommendations,
Law enforcements, Assessments.
PB88-123922/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Lowered Dissolved Oxygen Concentra-
tion on the Toxicity of 1,2,4-Trlchlorobenzene to
Fathead Minnows. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
A. R. Carlson. 1987,9p EPA/600/J-87/083
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v38 p667-673 Apr 87.
Fathead minnows Pimephales promelas were ex-
posed for 32 days, starting with embryos and continu-
ing through early juvenile development, to five concen-
trations of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-TCB) with a
control. Each series of treatments was completed at
three dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations: 8.1 (near
air saturation), 5.6 and 4.5 mg/liter. For fish exposed
to a mean toxicant concentration of 920 micrograms/
liter at 8.1 mg/liter DO mean survival and mean weight
was less than in controls. At the comparable toxicant
concentration at 5.6 mg/liter DO, survival and growth
of test fish were not statistically different (P = 0.95)
from those of control fish. At the comparable mean
toxicant concentration of 920 micrograms/liter at 4.5
mg/liter OD, more marked toxic effects on survival and
growth occurred. No toxic effects on survival, growth,
and bioconcentration were evident at 500 microrams/
liter 1,2,4-TCB or lower concentrations.
Keywords: "Aeration, "Oxygen, Dissolved gases,
Fishes, Bioassay, Reprints, "Benzene/trichloro.
PB88-123930/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Metaphase and Anaphase Analysis of V79 Cells
Exposed to Erlonite, UICC Chrysotile, and UICC
Crocidolite. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. D. Palekar, J. F. Eyre, B. Most, and D. Coffin. C1987,
10p EPA/600/J-87/082
Pub. in Carcinogenesis, v8 n4 p553-560 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc./En-
vironmental Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC.
The cytogenetic effects of erionite treatment of V79
cells were compared with those of UICC crocidolite
and UICC chrysotile treatment. A significant reduction
in diploid cells with an accompanying increase in aneu-
ploid and polyploid cells was observed with all three
treatments. In the erionite-treated cultures, an in-
crease in aneuploidy was observed at all dose levels
ranging from 10 to 100 microgram/ml, whereas in the
crocidolite and chrysotile-treated cultures, significant
increases in aneuploidy were observed at all dose
levels except the low dose, 10 microgram/ml. Chro-
matid aberrations were observed in cultures treated
with crocidolite and chrysotile and were especially pro-
nounced at dose 100 microgram/ml of chrysotile. The
clastogenic effect of erionite was weaker but statisti-
cally significant at dose 100 microgram/ml. An ex-
trapolation of these cytogenetic changes over dose in
number of fibers suggests that erionite was more reac-
tive than the other two minerals in producing aneu-
ploidy. The number of fibers required to produce a
similar degree of cytogenetic effects was several
orders of magnitude higher for chrysotile and crocido-
lite than erionite.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Cell cultures, Reprints, "Cyto-
geneticity, "Erionite, Metaphase, Anaphase, UICC
chrysotile, UICC crocidolite.
PB88-123948/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Gradients In Northwest Freshwater
Wetlands. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
W. D. Sanville, H. P. Eilers, T. R. Boss, and T. G.
Pfleeger. C1986,12p EPA/600/J-86/413
Pub. in Environmental Management, v10 n1 p125-134
1986. Prepared in cooperation with Willamette Univ.,
Salem, OR., and Guelph Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Ge-
ography.
Wetland environmental characteristics are examined
to determine their spatial and temporal relationships.
Two very different Oregon freshwater wetlands provid-
ed a range of wetland types. Results are evaluated to
determine the possible use of environmental charac-
teristics in defining wetlands and their boundaries.
Representative physical, hydrological, and edaphic
properties were periodically measured in microplots
along upland/wetland transects. A multivariate ap-
proach is stressed in the data analysis; correlation,
cluster analysis, and principal components analyses
were used. The results indicate the environmental
characteristics change in a quantifiable manner both
spatially and temporally. The controlling mechanism is
moisture, spatially in terms of the upland/wetland tran-
sect and temporally with respect to seasonal re-
sponse. These changes do not correlate well with
vegetation. Several hypotheses are offered as an ex-
planation. Correlation within environmental character-
istics is variable but definite patterns are discernible.
Keywords: "Fresh water, Gradients, Temperature gra-
dients, Ecology, Environments, "Wetlands.
PB88-12395S/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
UNAMAP - User's Network for the Applied Model-
ing of Air Pollution. Rept. for Jul-Oct 87,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
T. E. Pierce, and D. B. Turner. Oct 87,8p EPA/600/D-
87/330
See also version 6, PB86-222361. Prepared in coop-
eration with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad-
ministration, Washington, DC.
The Users' Network for the Applied Modeling of Air
Pollution (UNAMAP) was initiated by EPA in 1973. It
was conceived as a means of distributing air pollution
models to a variety of organizations around the coun-
try. Since 1973, UNAMAP has grown from 6 models to
23 models. The report provides a brief description of
the UNAMAP system. It also discusses the impact that
changes in National Weather Service meteorological
data will have on air pollution models.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Mathematical models, "At-
mospheric diffusion, Algorithms, "Air quality,
"UNAMAP models, UNIVAC-110O computers,
UNIVAC-1100/82 computers.
PB88-123963/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Photocatalytic Formation of Hydrogen Peroxide.
Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
D. W. Bahnemann, M. R. Hoffman, A. P. Hong, and C.
Kormann. C1987,15p EPA/600/D-87/329
Pub. in Chemistry of Acid Rain, Sources and Atmos-
pheric Processes, American Chemical Society Sympo-
sium Series 349, Chapter 10 p120-132 1987. Prepared
in cooperation with California Inst, of Tech., Pasadena.
The two-electron reduction of molecular oxygen to hy-
drogen peroxide can be catalyzed by semiconductor
particles in the presence of visible and near-UV light.
While very high quantum yields for the process are
generally observed, rather low steady-state concentra-
tions of H202 are also often encountered. Detailed
mechanisms are presented to explain these experi-
mental findings. Semiconducting metal oxide particles
are abundant in hydrometers and surface waters and
the environmental impact of a photocatalytic formation
of H202 in natural systems is discussed.
Keywords; "Photochemical reactions, "Hydrogen per-
oxide, Catalysis.
PB88-123971/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency Research In
Hazardous Waste Volume Reduction,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH:
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
J. F. Martin, M. J. Stutsman, and E. Grossman. Oct 87
20p EPA/600/D-87/328
A phosphate precipitation process has been shown to
be effective in selectively removing metals from metal
finishing sludge materials. Research also indicates
that sodium smectite clays, an abundant natural mate-
rial, can be modified in structure so that they have ex-
cellent adsorptive properties for removing compounds
like benzene, trichlorophenol, and pentachlorophenol
from aqueous solutions. The separation of dilute haz-
ardous organics utilizing thin-film, composite, aromatic
polyamide membranes also appears to be advanta-
geous in terms of high solute separation at low pres-
sures (1 -2 MPa) and broad pH operating ranges (pH 2-
12).
Keywords: "Detoxification, "Precipitation(Chemistry)
Recovery, Metals, Sludge, Adsorbents, Clays, "Haz-
ardous wastes.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-123989/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Faeility/Waterbody Computerized Infor-
mation: An Introduction.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Municipal Pollution Control.
Oct 87,36p
The purpose of the document is to introduce EPA and
state users to some of the data and data management
tools that are available for municipal facility/waterbody
applications. Part I discusses methods of using data
from EPA mainframe data bases, Part II is a descriptive
inventory of key data bases available, Part III is a de-
scriptive inventory of key software available.
Keywords: "Waste water, 'Water treatment, 'Data
bases, Information retrieval, Data collection, Computer
applications, Computer hardware, Computer software.
PB88-123997/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Risk Assessment Guidelines ot 1986.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Aug 87,83p* EPA/600/8-87/045
On September 24,1986, the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency issued risk assessment guidelines re-
lating to five areas: carcinogenicity, mutagenicity,
chemical mixtures, suspect development toxicants,
and estimating exposures (51 FR 33992-34054). The
guidelines were developed to promote high technical
quality and Agencywide consistency in the risk assess-
ment process. The document presents the five guide-
lines as they originally appeared in the Federal Regis-
ter but in a format that is easier to read.
Keywords: 'Health risks, Guidelines, Exposures, 'Risk
assessments, Environmental Protection Agency, Car-
cinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Toxic substances, 'Envi-
ronmental health.
PB88-124003/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision O:
Residue Chemistry, Specialty Applications (Ad-
dendum 5 to Data Reporting),
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
M. L. Loftus. Nov 87, 28p* EPA/540/09-88/008
See also report dated Oct 82, PB83-153961.
The Data Reporting Guideline (DRG) for Specialty Ap-
plications, Series 171-4, gives guidance to pesticide
registrants on formats for study reports so that the
Agency can review them efficiently. This guidance
clarifies sections in the existing Pesticides Assess-
ment Guidelines, Subdivision 0, on data reporting. It
provides an outline for the study report, describes the
topics which should be addressed and provides guid-
ance on data presentation. This DRG actually contains
formats for three study reports: (1) Classification of
seed treatments and treatment of crops grown for
seed use only as non-food or food uses; (2) Magnitude
of the residue: post-harvest fumigation of crops and
processed food and feeds; (3) Magnitude of the resi-
due: poet-harvest treatment (except fumigation of
crops and processed foods and feeds). Data submit-
ters can use the DRG in preparing their reports for sub-
mission to EPA to meet 40 CFR 158 requirements for
the registration of pesticides. This DRG is only one of a
number of DRG's published by the National Technical
Information Service as an addendum to Subdivision O
of the Pesticide Assessment Guidelines.
Keywords: *Plants(Botany), 'Residues, 'Pesticides,
Guidelines, Assessments, Public health, Reporting,
Data, 'Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act, Pesticide
residues, 'Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenti-
cide Act.
PB88-124037/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 141: Dalapon.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
31 Jul 87,6p EPA/540/FS-88/013
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. Issuance or reissuance
of a registration standard, Issuance of each special
review document, registration of a significantly
changed use pattern, registration of a new chemical,
or an immediate need for information to resolve con-
troversial issues relating to a specific chemical or use
pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Regulations, Dalapon, Chemi-
cal Information Fact Sheet, Use patterns, Dichloropro-
pionic acid, Sodium/dichloropropionate, Magnesium/
dichloropropionate, CAS 75-99-0, CAS 127-20-8.
PB88-124045/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 82.1: Chlorimuron
Ethyl (Classic).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Jul 87,9p EPA/540/FS-88/011
See also PB87-114773.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. Issuance or reissuance
of a registration standard, issuance of each special
review document, registration of a significantly
changed use pattern, registration of a new chemical,
or an immediate need for information to resolve con-
troversial issues relating to a specific chemical or use
pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Herbicides, Agricultural products,
'Toxic substances, 'Chlorimuron ethyl, Chemical in-
formation fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings,
CAS 90982-32-4.
PB88-1240S2/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 118: Aluminum and
Magnesium Phosphide.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
20 Feb 87,7p EPA/540/FS-88/012
See also PB87-157681.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. Issuance or reissuance
of a registration standard, Issuance of each special
review document, registration of a significantly
changed use pattern, registration of a new chemical,
or an immediate need for information to resolve con-
troversial issues relating to a specific chemical or use
pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Herbicides, Agricultural products, Inor-
ganic phosphides, 'Toxic substances, Aluminum
phosphide, Magnesium phosphide, Chemical informa-
tion fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, CAS
20859-73-8, CAS 12057-74-8.
PB88-124060/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Research
Program Guide, FY-1988, October 1,1987-Septem-
ber 30,1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Sep 87,98p* EPA/600/9-87/021
See also PB87-176541.
The free and open exchange of knowledge both stimu-
lates and provides quality control for the progress of
science. The report provides information on the re-
search which EPA is planning for the fiscal year, on
how much will be spent on each program area, and on
whom to contact for further details. More than 60 per-
cent of the research budget will be spent through ex-
tramural contracts, grants, and cooperative agree-
ments with organizations outside of EPA's laborato-
ries. It is the intent to increase the efficiency and effec-
tiveness of the research by placing great emphasis
upon open competition for extramural support. The au-
thors hope that the information in the report will stimu-
late qualified parties and make their capabilities known
to the authors research managers so that the authors
all might gain from sharing experience and expertise.
Keywords: 'Research project, 'Environmental sur-
veys, Air pollution, Water pollution, Research, Pro-
grams, 'Environmental Protection Agency, Superfund
program, Hazardous wastes, Toxic substances.
PB88-124078/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Preliminary Treatment Facilities: Design and
Operational Considerations.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Municipal Pollution Control.
Sep 87, 71 p EPA/430/9-87/007
The report provides a basic understanding of prelimi-
nary treatment systems and presents concise informa-
tion on design considerations, operational characteris-
tics, and process and equipment problems and possi-
ble solutions. The report will be useful to design engi-
neers, governmental agency review personnel, munici-
pal officials, operators, and others who are considering
installing preliminary treatment systems, or who are
concerned with optimizing the performance of existing
preliminary treatment facilities.
Keywords: 'Waste water, 'Water treatment, 'Grit re-
moval, 'Sewage treatment, Sewage filtration, Sludge,
Public works, Aeration, Sanitary engineering.
PB88-124086/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Assessment of Airborne Exposure and Dermal
Contact to Acrylamide during Chemical Grouting
Operations. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
J. M. McHugh. 22 Jul 87,130p MRI-8850-A(01), EPA/
560/5-87/009
Contract EPA-68-02-4252
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Toxic Substances.
Acrylamide exposure may occur by inhalation, inges-
tion and skin absorption; Acrylamide is a neurotoxin
and an irritant. The report details the results of field
studies to assess airborne exposure and dermal con-
tact to acrylamide during chemical grouting operations.
Occupational exposures to acrylamide were character-
ized for sewer mainline, lateral line and manhole main-
tenance operations. The objective of the study was to
collect exposure data based on observations and
measurements to be used as an integral part of a
quantitative risk assessment by the U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency's Office of Toxic Substances.
Keywords: 'Acrylamide copolymers, 'Air pollution,
'Grouting, Risk, Exposure, Toxicity, Contamination,
Hazardous materials, 'Toxic substances, 'Occupa-
tional safety and health.
PB88-124094/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Biological Treatment of Toxics In Wastewater:
The Problems and Opportunities,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
D. F. Bishop, and N. A. Jaworski. Oct 87,32p EPA/
600/D-87/326
EPA research on toxics control in wastewater treat-
ment involves three approaches: (1) specific toxics
treatability to determine the respective contribution of
the three removal mechanisms in conventional
wastewater treatment; (2) toxicity detection and reduc-
tion in treatment and pretreatment; and (3) innovative
concepts to enhance control of toxics in biological
treatment. The goal of the treatability research is to de-
velop predictive procedures to estimate the fate of
specific toxics in conventional wastewater treatment.
Progress in developing the data on the removal mech-
anisms of partitioning, volatilization and biodegrada-
tion is described. Toxicity reduction evaluation (TRE)
studies are being used to isolate and trace the causes
of toxicity pass-through in treatment, to identify the
specific toxics, and to evaluate treatment and pretreat-
ment approaches to reduce toxicity pass-through. In-
novative concepts to enhance toxic control include
control of the toxic discharge rates into treatment; use
of additives such as clays, binding proteins, carbons,
enzymes, etc.; use of anaerobic-aerobic treatment
combinations, use of bioengineered organisms, and
the use of special reactors and operational approach-
es at central treatment plants to improve toxics remov-
als.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Sewage treatment, Waste
water, Detection, Vaporizing, Biodeterioration, Identify-
ing, Hazardous materials, Anaerobic processes, Aero-
bic processes, 'Biological waste treatment, Path of
pollutants.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-124102/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Great Lakes Ecosystem - Modeling of the Fate of
PCBs (Polychlorlnated Blphenyls),
Manhattan Coll., Bronx, NY. Dept. of Environmental
Engineering.
R. V. Thomann, J. P. Connolly, and N. A. Thomas. Oct
87, 55p EPA/600/D-87/325
Grants EPA-R-805916, EPA-R-807853
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth,
MN.
The report defines the Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)
problem in the Great LaKes, describes how they got
there, describes models of: (1) physical/chemical fate
generally; and, (2) specifically, fate of PCBs in aquatic
ecosystems. Theory, data and model results are given.
Also addressed in the paper are the effect of solids de-
pendent PCB partitioning and sediment diffusion on
PCBs and a description of human exposure to PCBs
through consumption of fish contaminated with PCBs.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Fresh water fishes, 'Water pollu-
tion, 'Lakes, Sediments, Ecology, Contaminants,
Mathematical models, Toxicity, 'Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls, 'PCBs, Aquatic ecosystems, Great Lakes,
Toxic substances.
PB88-124110/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Four Common Diagnostic Problems that Inhibit
Radon Mitigation. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
M. C. Osborne. 1987,5p EPA/600/J-87/100
Pub. in JAPCA, V37 n5 P604-606 May 87.
The paper identifies four of the more significant diag-
nostic problems that have been observed during
EPA's radon mitigation efforts, explains why they are
of concern, and, when possible, offers potential solu-
tions. The problems are: (1) inconsistent sub-slab ag-
gregate; (2) access to radon entry surfaces; (3) diurnal
and seasonal variation in radon concentrations; and,
(4) the impact of radon in water on radon in air.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Residential dwellings, 'Air pollu-
tion, Diagnosis, Reprints, 'Indoor air pollution, 'Air pol-
lution control, Diagnostic techniques, Mitigation.
PB88-124292/HSU	PC A22/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Analysis of Acid Precipitation Samples Collected
by State Agencies. Annual Report,
Global Geochemistry Corp., Canoga Park, CA
R. McCracken. Nov 87,503p EPA/600/9-87/029
Contracts EPA-68-02-4067, EPA-68-02-4454
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The report summarizes the analytical results from 30
state operated wet acid deposition sites. All sites sub-
mitted their samples to the same laboratory so that
comparisons of data could be made from different ge-
ographic areas. The use of a central laboratory also
provided cost efficiencies and improved documenta-
tion of data quality. The report contains maps showing
the location of each site, plots of analytical data during
the time period, tables of all field and analytical data, a
table comparing the concentration of each analyte at
the different sites, a table of precipitation weighted
data for each site, plots comparing field and laboratory
pH and conductivity measurements, and quality con-
trol tables and plots giving information on overall data
quality.
Keywords: 'Tables(Data), Samples, Chemical analy-
sis, StatesfUnited States), Sites, pH, Quality control,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Air pollution, 'Acid deposi-
tion.
PB88-124300/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Supercritical Fluid Extraction-Gas Chromatogra-
phy of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) from
Tenax Devices. Final rept. Nov 85-Sep 86,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
B W Wriqht, A. J. Kopriva, and R. D. Smith. Nov 87,
80p REPT-2311107118, EPA/600/4-87/033
Contract EPA-68-02-4127	c ,
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
916 Vol. 90, No. 24
The report describes the development and evaluation
of on-line supercritical fluid extraction-gas chromatog-
raphy instrumentation and methodology for the analy-
sis of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from adsorb-
ent sampling devices. Supercritical fluid extraction
offers potential advantages for the removal and trans-
port of organic components from adsorbent matrices
including rapid and efficient extraction at mild tempera-
tures. Extraction at mild temperatures eliminates po-
tential problems such as analyte decomposition that
can be encountered with the high temperatures
needed for thermal desorption analysis. Since a major
objective of the study was to develop viable instrumen-
tation and methodology, a relatively detailed descrip-
tion of the instrumentation design requirements and
present limitations are discussed. The results of sever-
al series of methodology validation studies are also
presented. These studies included recovery studies of
model VOC spiked on three types of Tenax sampling
devices including authenic actively pumped (VOST)
and passive (EPA) devices. Replicate devices spiked
in an exposure chamber were also subjected to paral-
lel analyses using the new methodology and traditional
thermal desorption gas chromatography.
Keywords: Gas chromatography, Adsorbents, Extrac-
tion, Methodology, Sampling, Instruments, Air pollution
control, 'Supercritical fluids, "Volatile organic com-
pounds, 'Extraction chromatography, Air sampling.
PB88-124318/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Interlaboratory Study of Inductively Coupled
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy Method
6010 and Digestion Method 3050. Rept. for Mar 86-
Apr 87,
Nevada Univ., Las Vegas. Quality Assurance Lab.
C. L. Jones, V. F. Hodge, D. M. Schoengold, H.
Biesiada, and T. H. Starks. Nov 87,223p QAL-157,
EPA/600/4-87/032
Contracts EPA-68-01-7159, EPA-68-01-7253
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The design, execution, and results of an interlabora-
tory study of Method 6010, 'Inductively Coupled
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy,' are de-
scribed. The study examined the application of the
method to the analysis of solid-waste materials for 23
elements. Part of the interlaboratory study included the
study of Method 3050, 'Acid Digestion of Sediments,
Sludges and Soils,' which is an integral part of Method
6010 when considering the analysis of certain solid
wastes. The overall study was designed so that the
variability of the two methods was separable. Method
performance data, including precision and accuracy,
are presented and discussed. A comparison of the in-
ductively coupled plasma atomic emission and atomic
absorption spectroscopic techniques is presented, as
well as a comparison of results from two different
types of inductively coupled plasma spectrometers.
The limitations of the methods are described, and sug-
gestions are given to improve the general application
of Method 6010.
Keywords: 'Sludge digestion, Sediments, Soils,
'Digestion(Decomposition), Spectroscopy, Spectrom-
eters, Laboratories, Absorption spectroscopy, Com-
parative analysis, 'Solid wastes, Emission spectrosco-
py-
PB88-124516/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistratlon of Pesticide
Products Containing Dodlne as the Active Ingredi-
ent.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Feb 87,163p EPA/540/RS-88/014
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Regulations, Man-
ufacturing, Chemistry, Toxicology, Residues, 'Dodine,
Path of pollutants, Dodecylguanidine acetate, Dode-
cylguanidine hydrochloride, Dodecylguanidine ter-
ephthalate, CAS 2439-10-3, CAS 13590-97-1, CAS
19727-17-4.
PB88-124524/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada
OK.
Quality Assurance in Computer Simulations of
Groundwater Contamination. Journal article,
International Ground Water Modeling Center, Indian-
apolis, IN.
P. K. M. van der Hiejde. C1987, 9p EPA/600/J-87/084
Grant EPA-R-812603
Pub. in Environmental Software, v2 n1 p19-25 1987.
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
In the development of policies and regulations for
groundwater protection, in permitting, and in planning
monitoring and remedial actions, the role of mathemat-
ical models is growing rapidly. Because water-re-
source management decisions should be based on
technically and scientifically sound methods, quality
assurance (OA) needs to be applied to groundwater
modeling, both in model development and field stud-
ies, and should also play an important part in model se-
lection. Important aspects of QA in groundwater model
development are peer review, and verification and vali-
dation of the computer code and its underlying theoret-
ical principles. The paper discusses the role of review
and testing as part of an overall QA approach, and ad-
dresses QA in model selection and field application.
(Copyright (c) 1987 Computational Mechanics Publica-
tion.)
Keywords: "Ground water, "Contamination, Water re-
sources, Computerized simulation, Regulations, Math-
ematical models, Quality assurance, Reprints, Envi-
ronmental monitoring.
PB88-124532/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Applying Economic Principles to Small Water Sys-
tems. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. M. Clark. 1987,8p EPA/600/J-87/085
Pub. in Jnl. of American Water Works Association, v79
n5 p57-61 May 87.
As a discipline, economics is often misunderstood in
the water supply field. Economies-of-scale, i.e., in-
creasing unit costs with decreasing capacity, is a pre-
vailing characteristic of water supply technology, and
small utilities that serve fewer than 10,000 persons ac-
count for more than 80 percent of community water
suppliers in the United States. In addition, many small
utilities are privately owned and must request rate in-
creases from public utility commissions. Price inelas-
ticity of demand also has a special relevance for water
users. An understanding of economic principles and
concepts is necessary for the proper management of
small water systems as well as large ones.
Keywords: "Water supply, "Economic factors, Public
utilities, Water treatment, Economic lot size,
Demand(Economics), Prices, Reprints, 'Water utilities,
Economies of scale, Economic elasticity.
PB88-124540/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Field Assessment of Air Emissions and Their Con-
trol at a Refinery Land Treatment Facility. Volume
1. Technical rept. Sep 84-May 86,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
B. M. Eklund, T. P. Nelson, and R. G. Wetherold. Oct
87,339p* EPA/600/2-86/086A
Contracts EPA-68-02-3994, EPA-68-02-3850
See also Volume 2, PB88-124557. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazard-
ous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
A field assessment was performed to measure the
emissions of volatile organics from a petroleum refin-
ery land treatment site. As part of the study, the emis-
sions of total volatile organics from surface-applied
and subsurface-injected oily sludge were measured
over a five-week period. The effect of soil tilling on the
emissions was also monitored. Volatile organics emis-
sions rates were measured using the emission isota.
tion flux chamber method. Emission rates of cart>on di-
oxide and methane were also measured for use in esti-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
lected during the test periods to determine soil proper-
ties, oil levels, and microbe count. Soil surface and am-
bient temperatures, both inside and outside the flux
chambers, were measured throughout the test peri-
ods. The measured volatile organics emission rates
were compared to applicable land treatment models.
The report is in two volumes. Volume I contains the
body of the report and major appendices. Volume II
contains secondary appendices, including all the raw
sample analysis data.
Keywords: "Petroleum industry, * Air pollution control,
Organic compounds, 'Fugitive emissions, Land dis-
posal, Volatile organic compounds.
PB88-124557/HSU	PC A16
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Field Assessment of Air Emissions and Their Con-
trol at a Refinery Land Treatment Facility. Volume
2. Technical rept. Sep 84-May 86,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
B. M. Eklund, T. P. Nelson, and R. G. Wetherold. Oct
87, 374p* EPA/600/2-87/086B
Contracts EPA-68-02-3994, EPA-68-02-3850
See also Volume 1, PB88-124540.Portions of this doc-
ument are not fully legible. Sponsored by Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous
Waste Engineering Research Lab.
A field assessment was performed to measure the
emissions of volatile organics from a petroleum refin-
ery land treatment site. As part of the study, the emis-
sions of total volatile organics from surface-applied
and subsurface-injected oily sludge were measured
over a five-week period. The effect of soil tilling on the
emissions was also monitored. Volatile organics emis-
sions rates were measured using the emission isola-
tion flux chamber method. Emission rates of carbon di-
oxide and methane were also measured for use in esti-
mating biodegradation rates. Soil samples were col-
lected during the test periods to determine soil proper-
ties, oil levels, and microbe count. Soil surface and am-
bient temperatures, both inside and outside the flux
chambers, were measured throughout the test peri-
ods. The measured volatile organics emission rates
were compared to applicable land treatment models.
The report is in two volumes. Volume I contains the
body of the report and major appendices. Volume II
contains secondary appendices, including all the raw
sample analysis data.
Keywords: "Petroleum industry, "Air pollution control,
Organic compounds, 'Fugitive emissions, Land dis-
posal, Volatile organic compounds.
PBM-124565/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Analysis of the Microbiological Particulates In Mu-
nicipal Drlnlclng-Water by Scanning Electron Ml-
croscopy/X-ray Energy Spectroscopy (Analyse
von Blologlschen Partlkeln Im Trlnkwasser durch
RMterelektronen-Mikroskopie und Elektronen-
etraHmikroanalyse). Journal article,
California Univ., Irvine. Program in Social Ecology.
W. F. McCoy, and B. H. Olson. C1987,21p EPA/600/
J-87/086
Grant EPA-R-809817
Summary in German. Pub. in Zentralbl. Bacteriol. Hyg.,
v183 n5-6 p511-529 Apr 87. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engi-
neering Research Lab.
Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy spec-
troscopy (SEM/XES) were used to survey the biologi-
cal and nonbiological particles in two different munici-
pal drinking-water systems. Microbiological particles
could be differentiated from nonbiological by their
qualitative elemental compositions and this informa-
tion was used as the basis for an automated detection
scheme. Automated SEM/XES analyses were used to
demonstrate microbiological differences between well-
water and surface-water in distribution systems.
(Copyright (c) Zbl. Bakt. Hyg. B183,511-529 (1987).)
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Spectroscopy, 'Microbi-
ology 'Microscopy, Municipalities, Scanning, Environ-
mental tests. Chemical analysis, Reprints.
PB88-124573/HSll	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 102.1: Carbon Tetra-
chloride.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Aug 87, 5p EPA/540/ FS-88/010
See also PB87-155123.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. Issuance or reissuance
of a registration standard, Issuance of each special
review document, Registration of a significantly
changed use pattern, Registration of a new chemical,
or An immediate need for information to resolve con-
troversial issues relating to a specific chemical or use
pattern.
Keywords: 'Carbon tetrachloride, "Pesticides, 'Regu-
lations, Chlorine organic compounds, Chemical infor-
mation fact sheet, Use patterns.
PB8S-124581/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 103.1: Cadmium
Salts.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
5 Aug 87,7p EPA/540/FS-88/009
See also PB87-131199.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. Issuance or reissuance
of a registration standard, Issuance of each special
review document, Registration of a significantly
changed use pattern, Registration of a new chemical,
or An immediate need for information to resolve con-
troversial issues relating to a specific chemical or use
pattern.
Keywords: "Cadmium salts, "Pesticides, "Regulations,
Chemical Information Fact Sheet, Use patterns.
PB88-124599/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
In vivo Inhibition of Chicken Brain Acetylcholines-
terase and Neurotoxic Esterase In Relation to the
Delayed Neurotoxicity of Leptophos and Cyano-
fenpnos. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. A. Soliman, A. Curley, J. Farmer, and R. Novak.
C1986,16p EPA/600/J-86/414
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology,
and Oncology, v7 n1/2 p211-224 1986. Prepared in
cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
An equimolal single dose (1 mmole/kg) of leptophos
or cyanofenphos was given orally to chickens to assay
the clinical and btocnemical neurotoxic effects of
these two organophosphorus insecticides. Parathion
and TOCP at 2 and 1000 mg/kg of chicken body
weight were tested in the same manner as negative
and positive neurotoxicants, respectively. Three birds
of each of five groups tested were sacrificed
1,2,3,7,14,21 and 28 days after treatment and the
brains were taken for the biochemical tests. Acetylcho-
linesterase (AChE) and neurotoxic esterase (NTE) ac-
tivities were determined in the brain microsomal frac-
tions. In addition, the AChE activity in the brain soluble
fractions was measured. (Copyright (c) 1986 by Chem-
Orbital.)
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Phosphorus organic com-
pounds, Nervous system disorders, Insecticides, Ace-
tylcholinesterase, Esterases, Enzyme inhibitors, Labo-
ratory animals, Chickens, In vivo analysis, Toxicity, Re-
prints, 'Organophosphorus compounds, 'Insecti-
cides/organophosphate, 'Toxic substances.
PB88-124607/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Further Evaluation of an In vivo Teratology
Screen. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
R. J. Kavlock, R. D. Short, and N. Chemoff. C1987,12p
EPA/600/J-87/093
Pub. in Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagen-
esis, v7 p7-16 1987. Prepared in cooperation with Mid-
west Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
The in vivo teratology screening procedure described
previously was further evaluated using a total of 46
chemicals in 50 different treatment regimens. Preg-
nant CD-1 mice were generally treated by oral gavage
on days 8-12 of gestation at a dose level predicted
from a preliminary range finding study to induce a
slight degree of maternal toxicity. The effects on early
postnatal growth and viability were compared to re-
sults generated from standard mouse teratology
bioassays as reported in the literature. The procedure
correctly categorized 25 of the 30 treatment regimens
which were considered developmental^ toxic in the
mouse, as well as 9 of 11 which were considered to be
nondevelopmentally toxic in the mouse. Thus, based
upon the criteria used in the present study, the assay
correctly classified 83% of the chemicals tested as to
their effect in a standard mouse bioassay. (Copyright
(c) 1987 Alan R. Liss, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Bioassay, 'Mice, 'Toxicity, 'Chemical
tests, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Screening(Selection),
Exposure, Reprints, "Teratogens, Toxic substances.
PB88-124615/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Evaluation of Sampling and Analytical Methods
for Nicotine and Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocar-
bon In Indoor Air. Final rept. 1 Feb 87-30 Mar 87,
Battelle Columbus Div., OH.
J. C. Chuang, M. R. Kuhlman, S. W. Hannan, and C.
Bridges. Nov 87,33p* EPA/600/4-87/031
Contract EPA-68-02-4127
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The objective of the project was to evaluate a potential
collection medium, XAD-4 resin, for collecting nicotine
and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and to
determine whether one collection system and one an-
alytical method will allow quantification of both com-
pound classes in air. The extraction efficiency study
was to determine the extraction method to quantita-
tively remove nicotine and PAH from XAD-4 resin. The
results showed that a two-step Soxhlet extraction con-
sisting of dichloromethane followed by ethyl acetate
resulted in the best recoveries for both nicotine and
PAH. In the sampling efficiency study, XAD-2 and
XAD-4 resin were compared, in parallel, for collection
of PAH and nicotine. Quartz fiber filters were placed
upstream of both adsorbents to collect particles. Prior
to sampling, both XAD-2 and XAD-4 traps were spiked
with known amounts (2 microgram) of perdeuterated
PAH and D3-nicotine. The experiments were per-
formed with cigarette smoking and nonsmoking condi-
tions. The spiked PAH were retained well in both ad-
sorbents after exposure to more than 300 cu. m. of
indoor air. The spiked XAD-4 resin gave higher recov-
eries for D3-nicotine than did the spiked XAD-2 resin.
The collection efficiency for PAH for both adsorbents
is very similar but higher levels of nicotine were collect-
ed on XAD-4 resin.
Keywords: 'Nicotine, "Polynuclear aromatic hydrocar-
bons, "Air pollution, Extraction, Smoking, "Indoor air
pollution, Analytical methods, 'Air sampling, XAD-4
resin.
PB88-124623/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Microinjection of Fish Embryos as a Laboratory
Assay for Chemical Carcinogens,
Auburn Univ., AL.
J. M. Grizzle, and M. R. Putnam. Nov 87,38p* EPA/
600/3-87/032
Grant EPA-R-813425
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Gulf
Breeze, FL.
Techniques were developed for microinjection of
chemicals into fish embryos for use in carcinogenicity
assays. Eggs of the following were injected: gulf killi-
fish (Fundulus grandis), sheepshead minnow (Cyprino-
don variegatus), rivulus (Rivulus ocellatus), inland sil-
verslde (Menidia beryllina), gulf toadfish (Opsanus
beta), and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) Chemi-
cals injected into eggs were diethylnitrosamine (DEN),
aflatoxin B1 (AFB), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguani-
dine (MNNG), and trichloroethylene (TCE). Quantifica-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tion of carcinogen dose in the egg immediately after in-
jection indicated that variation of the dose retained
was a major problem. Improvements in procedures re-
sulted in increased mean percentage of the dose re-
maining in the egg, but variation between eggs re-
mained high.
Keywords:	"Carcinogens,	"Fishes,
"Injections(Medicine), "Embryos, Laboratory animals,
Exposure, Chemical tests, Neoplasms, Medical re-
search.
PB88-124722/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Procedures for Conducting 'Daphnla magna' Tox-
icity Bioassays. User's Guide,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
K. E. Biesinger, L. R. Williams, and W. H. van der
Schalie. Mar 87,68p EPA/600/0-87/011
Prepared in cooperation with Army Medical Bioengin-
eering Research and Development Lab., Fort Detrick,
MD.
A standardized protocol has been developed to pro-
vide guidance for conducting acute (death or immobil-
ity) and chronic (survival and reproduction) toxicity of
solid waste leachates to Daphnia magna. The method
with slight modifications is applicable for testing toxi-
cants in general. Acute test results are reported as a
48-hour EC50 (concentration at which 50 percent of
test organisms are killed or immobilized after 48 hours
of exposure) with 95 percent confidence intervals.
Chronic test results are reported as 21-day LC50s
(concentration at which 50 percent of test organisms
were killed during 21-day exposures) with 95 percent
confidence limits, the lowest concentration at which
there was a significant (95 percent confidence interval)
effect on reproduction and the highest concentration
at which there was no significant effect.
Keywords: "Bioassay, "Toxicity, "Effluents, Waste
water, Exposure, Contaminants, Hazardous wastes,
Bacteriology, Tests, Guidelines, "Daphnia magna.
PB88-124730/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Qene-Tox Carcinogen Data Base: Construction,
Description, and Analysis,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. Nesnow, and H. Bergman. Oct 87,25p EPA/600/D-
07/000
The Gene-Tox Carcinogen Data Base is an evaluated
source of cancer data on 506 chemicals selected in
part for their previous assessment in genetic toxicol-
ogy bioassays. Chemicals in the data base have been
assessed for species-specific carcinogenic effects,
and these results indicate that for mice and rats there
is a high correspondence (85%). When chemicals in
the Gene-Tox Carcinogen Data Base were examined
for their previous evaluation in 73 genetic toxicology
bioassays, only 26 of these bioassays had 30 or more
chemicals. In these 26 bioassays, the prevalence of
positive chemicals was generally greater than 80-90%.
This suggests that a thorough evaluation of genetic
toxicology bioassays in regard to their ability to predict
carcinogenic effects in animals is premature at this
time.
Keywords: "Genetics, "Toxicology, "Data bases, Car-
cinogens, Chemical compounds, Neoplasms, Bioas-
say.
PB88-124748/HSU	PC A04/MF ini
Park'tNCEtfeC,S Research Lab" Research Triangle
Cytochemicai Methods for Assessing 'Giardia'
Cyst Viability. Rept. for 23 Sep 84-22 Dec 86
Cleveland State Univ., OH. Dept. of Biology.
D. G. Lindmark. Oct 87,69p EPA/600/1-87/011
Grant EPA-R-811949
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Giardia lamblia is the most common human intestinal
protozoan parasite reported in the United States and
England. The objective of the study was to develop a
practical, reliable, rapid, microscopically-read method,
comparable to excystation for determining the viability
of Giardia cysts. At first an attempt was made to use
methods dependent on cyst metabolism such as the
activity of pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR)
and cell respiration. Though they gave promising re-
918 Vol. 90, No. 24
suits with trophozoites, they proved unreliable with
cysts. Hence, used was a fluorescent dye exclusion
technique previously proved to be successful for
measuring viability in mammalian cells.
Keywords: "Giardiasis, "Parasitic diseases, "Gastroin-
testinal diseases, Epidemiology, Toxicology, Air pollu-
tion, Water pollution, Hazardous wastes, Cytoche-
mistry, Toxic substances, Environmental monitoring.
PB88-124755/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Associated with Indoor Air Pollut-
ants,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
H. M. Ammann, M. A. Berry, N. E. Childs, and D. T.
Mage. Oct 87,23p EPA/600/D-87/324
A state-of-information survey concerning health ef-
fects of indoor air pollutants in the categories of form-
aldehyde, volatile organics, radon, particulates, and
combustion products has been prepared by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Cri-
teria and Assessment Office, RTP, N.C. Included in
each category are human effects, animal exposure ex-
periments, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity informa-
tion. In addition to those health implications associated
with each category of pollutants, the problems of
measuring exposure to the complex mixtures actually
breathed by people in homes is addressed.
Keywords: Exposure, Formaldehyde, Organic com-
pounds, Radon, Combustion products, Toxicity, Car-
cinogens, Mutagens, "Indoor air pollution, "Health
risks, Particulates.
PB88-125034/HSU	PC E99/MF E99
Application for Certification 1988 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1988,10053p-in 11v
Set includes PB88-125042 through PB88-125141.
No abstract available.
PB88-125042/HSU	PC$121.50/MF$19.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1988 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - American Motors Corpora-
tion.
American Motors Corp., Detroit, Ml.
1988,1065p EPA/460/A-88/1
See also PB88-125059. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also Available in set of 11 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB88-125034.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
abatement, "Heavy duty engines, "Certification, Heavy
duty engines(1988 models), Exhaust emission control
devices, Evaporative emission control devices, Ameri-
can Motors Corporation.
PB88-125059/HSU	PCS372.00/MFJ31.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1988 Model Year
Ught-Duty Vehicles - Ford Motor Company.
Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Ml.
1988,3418p EPA/460/A-88/2
See also PB88-125042 and PB88-125067. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB88-125034.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
abatement, "Heavy duty engines, "Certification, Heavy
duty engines(1988 models), Exhaust emission control
devices, Evaporative emission control devices, Ford
Motor Company.
PB88-125067/HSU	PC$60.00/MFS 17.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1988 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - American Honda Motor
Company.
American Honda Motor Co., Inc., Gardena, CA.
1988, 446p EPA/460/A-88/3
See also PB88-125059 and PB88-125075. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB88-125034.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
abatement, "Heavy duty engines, "Certification, Heavy
duty engines(1988 models), Exhaust emission control
devices, Evaporative emission control devices, Ameri-
can Honda Motor Company.
PB88-125075/HSU	PC$131.50/MF$20.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1988 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles • Mazda Motor Corporation.
Mazda Research and Development Center, Ann Arbor,
Ml.
1988.1165p EPA/460/A-88/4
See also PB88-125067 and PB88-125083. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB88-125034.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
abatement, "Heavy duty engines, "Certification, Heavy
duty engines(l988 models), Exhaust emission control
devices, Evaporative emission control devices, Mazda
Motor Corporation.
PB88-125083/HSU	PC$6».00/MF$17.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1988 Model Year
Ught-Duty Vehicles - Mercedes-Benz of North
America, Inc.
Mercedes-Benz of North America, Inc., Montvale, Nj
1988,533p EPA/460/A-88/5
See also P888-125075 and PB88-125091. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99/MF E99
PB88-125034.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
abatement, 'Heavy duty engines, 'Certification, Heavy
duty engines(1988 models), Exhaust emission control
devices, Evaporative emission control devices, Merce-
des-Benz of North America Incorporated.
PB88-125091/HSU	PC$150.00/MF$20.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1988 Modal Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - U.S. Technical Research
Company (Peugeot).
U.S. Technical Research Co. (Peugeot), Lyndhurst,
NJ.
1988,1349p EPA/460/A-88/6
See also PB88-125083 and PB88-125109. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB88-125034.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
abatement, 'Heavy duty engines, 'Certification, Heavy
duty engines(1988 models), Exhaust emission control
devices, Evaporative emission control devices, US
Technical Research Company(Peugeot).
PB86-125109/HSU	PCS45.50/MFS17.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1988 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Rolls-Royce Motor Cars.
Rolls Royce Motors, Inc., Lyndhurst, NJ.
1988,303p EPA/460/A-88/7
See also PB88-125091 and PB88-125117. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB88-125034.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he Intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
abatement, 'Heavy duty engines, 'Certification, Heavy
duty engines(1988 models), Exhaust emission control
devices, Evaporative emission control devices, Rolls-
Royce Motor Cars.
PB88-12E117/HSU	PC$62.50/MF$17.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1988 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - SAAB-Scanla of America,
SAAB-Scania of America, Inc., Orange, CT.
1988,475p EPA/460/A-88/8
See also PB88-125109 and PB88-125125. Sponsored
bv Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB88-125034.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits ,0 EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
abatement, 'Heavy duty engines, "Certification, Heavy
duty engines(1988 models). Exhaust emission control
devices, Evaporative emission control devices, Saab-
Scania of America Incorporated.
PB88-125125/HSU	PC$70.00/MF$17.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1988 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Mitsubishi Motors Corpora-
tion.
Mitsubishi Motors Corp., Tokyo (Japan).
1988, 549p EPA/460/A-88/9
See also PB88-125117 and PB88-125133. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB88-125034.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
abatement, "Heavy duty engines, "Certification, Heavy
duty engines(1988 models), Exhaust emission control
devices, Evaporative emission control devices, Mitsu-
bishi Motors Corporation.
PB88-12S133/HSU	PCS77.00/MFS17.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1988 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Volvo Cars of North Amer-
ica.
Volvo of America Corp., Rockleigh, NJ.
1988,620p EPA/460/A-88/10
See also PB88-125141 and PB88-125125. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB88-125034.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
abatement, 'Heavy duty engines, 'Certification, Heavy
duty engines(1988 models), Exhaust emission control
devices, Evaporative emission control devices, Volvo
Cars of North America.
PB88-125141/HSU	PC»28.00/MF»17.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1988 Model Year
Light-Duty Trucks - Range Rover.
Range Rover of North America, Inc., Lanham, MD.
1988,130p EPA/460/A-88/11
See also PB88-125133. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB88-125034.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, 'Trucks, Air
pollution abatement, 'Heavy duty engines, 'Certifica-
tion, Heavy duty engines(1988 models), Exhaust emis-
sion control devices, Evaporative emission control de-
vices, Range Rover of North America Incorporated.
PB88-125158/HSU	PC E99/MF E99
Application for Certification 1988 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicles/Engines.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1988,914p-in 4v
Set includes PB88-125166 through PB88-125190.
No abstract available.
PB88-125166/HSU	PCS37.00/MFS17.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1988 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines - IVECO Trucks of
North America, Inc.
IVECO Trucks of North America, Inc., Bensalem, PA.
1988,219p EPA/460/A-88/12
See also PB88-125174, and PB86-176252. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB88-125158.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, 'Diesel en-
gines, Air pollution abatement, 'Heavy duty engines,
'Certification, Heavy duty engines(1988 models), Ex-
haust emission control devices, Evaporative emission
control devices, IVECO Trucks of North America Incor-
porated.
PB88-125174/HSU	PCS49.50/MFS17.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1988 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engines - Caterpillar, Inc.
Caterpillar, Inc., Peoria, IL.
1988,341p EPA/460/A-88/13
See also PB88-125166, PB88-125182 and PB87-
141610. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Aik> available in set of 4 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB88-125158.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
abatement, 'Heavy duty engines, 'Certification, Heavy
duty engines(1988 models), Exhaust emission control
devices. Evaporative emission control devices. Cater-
pillar Incorporated.
PB88-125182/HSU	PC$31.00/MF*17.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1988 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines - Ford Motor Compa-
ny.
Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Ml.
1988,157p EPA/460/A-88/14
See also PB88-12S174, PB88-125190 and PB86-
176229. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB88-125158.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, 'Diesel en-
gines, Air pollution abatement, "Heavy duty engines,
Certification, Heavy duty engines(1988 models), Ex-
haust emission control devices, Evaporative emission
control devices, Ford Motor Company.
PB88-125190/HSU	PC$3S.00/MF$17.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1988 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines - Hlno Motors Ltd.
Hino Motors Ltd., Tokyo (Japan).
1988,197p EPA/460/A-88/15
See also PB88-125182 and PB86-176245. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB88-125158.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, 'Diesel en-
gines, Air pollution abatement, 'Heavy duty engines,
Certification, Heavy duty engines(1988 models), Ex-
haust emission control devices, Evaporative emission
control devices, Hino Motors Ltd.
PB88-125265/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Assessing the Performance of Ambient Air Sam-
plers for Volatile Organic Compounds,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Div.
H. L. Crist. Oct 87,18p EPA/600/D-87/327
Performance audit results of two different ambient air
monitoring projects for volatile organic compounds
(VOC's) are presented. An NBS traceable gas cylinder
containing several VOC's in dry nitrogen at parts per
billion (ppb) concentration levels was used at the field
sampling site to evaluate performance of the sampling
and analytical systems. Both Tenax cartridges and
evacuated stainless steel canisters (6 litre) were used
to sample the air. Sample media exposed to the audit
gas were returned to the laboratory for analysis.
Keywords: Performance evaluation, Sampling, Cans,
Gas analysis, Air pollution, 'Volatile organic com-
pounds, 'Air samplers, Air pollution monitors, Tenax
samplers.
PB88-125414/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Formation and Function of the Male Pronucleus
during Mammalian Fertilization,
Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD. School of Hy-
giene and Public Health.
B. R. Zirkin, S. D. Perreault, and S. J. Naish. Sep 87,
51p EPA/600/D-87/318
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The review will address events of fertilization subse-
quent to the entry of the sperm nucleus into the oocyte
cytoplasm, namely: (1) the decondensation of the
sperm nucleus, (2) the formation of the male pronucle-
us, and (3) the onset of DNA synthesis in the pronucle-
us. The focus will be on mammalian fertilization. How-
ever, events related to sperm nuclear decondensation
and pronucleus formation and function in nonmamma-
lian species also will be discussed as appropriate to
support or extend what is known about mammalian fer-
tilization.
920 Vol. 90, No. 24
Keywords: 'Mammals, Germ cells, Cell nucleus,
Reproduction(Biology), Reviews, 'Fertilization, Sper-
matogenesis.
PB88-125422/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Experimental Measurements of the Uptake of
Ozone In Rats and Human Subjects,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
T. R. Gerrity, and M. J. Wiester. Oct 87,16p EPA/600/
D-87/319
Experimental determination of ozone (03) uptake in
the conducting airways and lungs is a fundamental
starting point for interspecies comparisons of deliv-
ered dose. Fractional 03 uptake was measured in the
respiratory tract of awake Fischer 344 rats and in the
lungs and nasopharynx of young healthy male
humans. Awake animals were individually evaluated
during nose only exposures to 0.3 ppm 03 for 03 re-
moval, 02 consumption, C02 production and tidal
breathing while inside a body plethysmograph. Utilizing
these values of 03 uptake and measures of ventila-
tion, the mass dose rate of 03 per unit respiratory tract
surface area was computed and found to be similar be-
tween rats and humans for the same ambient 03 con-
centration.
Keywords: 'Respiration, 'Ozone, 'Rats, Oxygen
transport mechanisms, Toxicology, Ventilation, Labo-
ratory animals, Medical research.
PB88-125430/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Role of Acute Toxicity Bloassays In the Remedial
Action Process at Hazardous Waste Sites,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
L. A. Athey, J. M. Thomas, J. R. Skalski, and W. E.
Miller. Aug 87,119p EPA/600/8-87/044
Contract DE-AC06-76RL01830
Prepared in cooperation with Battelle Pacific North-
west Labs., Richland, WA.
The document is written to aid in making decisions re-
garding the use of standardized aquatic and terrestrial
acute bioassays at hazardous chemical waste sites.
Other types of bioassays, including those for use with
receiving waters and in situ testing, are not discussed.
The use of acute bioassays at hazardous chemical
sites is explained and illustrated for use in the remedial
action process. Step-by-stsp guidelines are presented
whereby decisions can be made concerning the
design of site-specific bioassay studies.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Chemical industry,
'Bioassays, Hazardous materials, Water pollution,
Toxicity, Aquatic plants, 'Remedial action, Toxic sub-
stances.
PB88-125448/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Overview of Safety of Microbial Insecticides to
Estuarine and Marine Organisms,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
J. A. Couch, and S. S. Foss. Nov 87,27p* EPA/600/D-
87/331
The chapter presents an overview of safety tests of mi-
crobial insecticides to estuarine and marine organisms
that have been performed to date. Approaches and ex-
perimental design, species of MPCAs tested, systems
used, and endpoints and results evaluated for determi-
nation of risks of MPCAs to nontarget marine species
are reviewed. The review order is by exemplary micro-
bial agents, as follows: viruses, bacteria, fungi and pro-
tozoa. The studies presented describe relatively
simple procedures for exposing single species nontar-
get hosts to MPCAs. They incorporate a positive con-
trol bioassay to confirm the infectivity of the MPCA and
are relatively inexpensive and reliable.
Keywords: 'Microorganisms, 'Pest control, 'Estu-
aries, Marine fishes, Crustacae, Exposure, Viruses,
Bacteria, Fungi, Protozoa, Safety, Disease vectors,
Toxicity, Parasites, Risk, Bioassay, 'Biological pest
control.
PB88-125455/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
Evaluation of the Genetic Activity Profiles of 85
Pesticides. Journal article,
Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
N. E. Garrett, H. F. Stack, and M. D. Waters. c1986,
27p EPA/600/J-86/415
Contract EPA-68-02-4031
Pub. in Mutation Research, v168 p301-325 1986.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
The report focuses on the quantitative profiles of ge-
netic activity produced by 65 pesticides and efforts to
classify them according; to their genotoxic effects and
chemical structures. Three main categories may be
distinguished based on the qualitative results: Catego-
ry 1 pesticides were active in most of the in vitro ana in
vivo assays employed. These nine compounds include
the structurally similar organophosphate insecticides,
acephate, demeton, monocrotophos, and trichiorfon;
the phthalimid fungicide analogues, captan and folpet;
and the thiocarbamate herbicide analogues, dialiate,
sulfallate and triallate. The 26 Category 2 compounds
demonstrated fewer positive results and may be subdi-
vided into two parts, one of which contains 12 haloge-
nated aromatic or heterocyclic ring compounds, in-
cluding the phenoxy herbicides, 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, and
2,4,5-T. The remaining part of Category 2 (14 com-
pounds) consists of structurally similar organophos-
phate insecticides, azinphos-methyl, crotoxyphos, dis-
ulfoton, methyl parathion; three similar ethylenebis-
dithiocarbamate fungicides, maneb, mancozeb, and
zineb; three similar pyrethroid insecticides, allethrin,
chrysanthemic acid, and ethy chrysanthemate; and
four structurally diverse compounds, cacodylic acid,
dinoseb, sec-butylamine and benomyl. The third cate^
gory of 30 pesticides gave negative results in all tests
and represents structurally diverse compounds. Using
the computerized profile matching methodology, from
2080 possible pairwise chemical combinations of the
65 pesticides, 20 statistically significant pairs were se-
lected. (Copyright (c) 1986 Elsevier Science Publica-
tion B.V.)
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Genetics, Toxicology, Organ-
ic phosphates, Chemical properties. Insecticides,
Ecology, Physiological effects, Reprints, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Health risks, Oncogenesis, Mutagenesis.
PB88-125463/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of the Teratogenic Effects of Trl-
ortho-cresyl Phosphate in the Long-Evans
Hooded Rat. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
D. R. Tocco, J. L. Randall, R. G. York, and M. K. Smith
C1987,9p EPA/600/J-87/091
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, v8 n3
p291-297 Apr 87. Prepared in cooperation with Cosen
Technology, Inc., Dallas, TX.
The developmental toxicity of tri-ortho-cresyl phos-
phate (TOCP) was evaluated in Long-Evans rats. Preg-
nant rats were treated with 87.5,175, and 350 mg/kg/
day TOCP throughout organogenesis from gestation
day 6 through 18 (day of sperm = day 0). The highest
dose tested (350 mg/kg) was lethal in 28% of the
dams: no maternal deaths or toxicity were observed in
the 87.5 or 175 mg/kg dose groups. There were no
significant differences noted among the experimental
and control groups for preimplantation loss or resorp-
tion. Fetal weights for both sexes in the TOCP groups
were significantly greater than in the control group;
however, no difference among the TOCP groups was
observed. Malformation rates were too low to warrant
statistical analysis. Numerous soft tissue and skeletal
variations were observed in both control and TOCP-
treated groups; there were no significant differences in
the frequency of variations among the dose groups.
The results of the study indicate that TOCP is not tera-
togenic in the Long-Evans rat. (Copyright (c) 1987 So-
ciety of Toxicology.)
Keywords: "Toxicology, 'Congenital abnormalities.
Nervous system disorders, Laboratory animals. Rate
Toxicity, Reprints, 'Tricresyl phosphates, 'Terato^
gens, "Toxic substances.
PB88-125471/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianala
Park, NC.	w
Poly(1):poly(C (-Enhanced Alveolar and Peritoneal
Macrophage Phagocytosis: Quantification by i
New Method Utilizing Fluoroescent Beads. Journal
article,
Northrop Sen/ices, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC
G. R. Burleson, L. B. Fuller, M. G. Menache, and J A
-------
Contract EPA-68-02-4032
Pub. in Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Bi-
ology and Medicine, v184 p468-476 1987. Sponsored
by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
A technique for quantifying nonspecific phagocytosis
of alveolar and peritoneal macrophages in the same
animal has been developed utilizing fluorescent poly-
styrene beads. When incorporated into inhalation stud-
ies, the technique can be used to determine whether
the toxic effect of an inhaled pollutant is local (effect
on alveolar macrophages), systemic (effect on perito-
neal macrophages), or both local and systemic. The
method results in a determination of the percent phag-
ocytic macrophages and of the degree of individual
macrophage phagocytic activity based on the number
of beads phagocytized per macrophage. Macrophage
preparations were incubated with fluorescent beads
for 2 hr and cytocentrifuged onto a glass slide. Fluo-
rescent beads present on the slide or cell-associated
but not ingested by phagocytosis were removed by im-
mersing the slide containing the macrophago prepara-
tion in methylene chloride for 30-60 sec. Fluorescent
beads ingested by phagocytosis were then easily
quantified with a fluorescence microscope. (Copyright
(c) 1987 by the Society for Experimental Biology and
Medicine.)
Keywords: 'Polystyrene, 'Respiration, Toxicology, Im-
munology, Rats, Alveoli pulmonis, Beads, Reprints,
'Phagocytosis, 'Macrophages, Interferon inducers.
PB88-125489/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Modeling the Impact of Conservation Tillage Prac-
tice* on Pesticide Concentrations in Ground and
Surface Waters. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
A. S. Donigian, and R. F. Carsel. C1987,12p EPA/600/
J-87/089
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v6
n4 p241-250 Apr 87. Prepared in cooperation with
AQUA TERRA Consultants, Mountain View, CA.
To analyze the environmental fate and migration of
pesticides applied to croplands as they are affected by
conservation tillage practices, pesticide models for
leaching, surface water and ground water were select-
ed and an application method was developed. Four-
teen different pesticides applied to corn and soybeans
were analyzed to determine probable concentrations
in ground water and surface water under conventional
tillage, reduced tillage and no tillage practices; the
Lake Erie Basin was the study site. Surface run off
loadings and concentrations decreased under the con-
servation tillage scenarios, but ground water loadings
and concentrations increased as a result of the de-
creased runoff and increased ground water recharge.
Reduced tillage decreased surface runoff loads and
concentrations by about 50% as compared with con-
ventional tillage, and no tillage resulted in another
20% reduction. The pesticides with the highest sur-
face runoff loads and concentrations were those with
K sub oc values generally less than 200 ml g-1 and
root zone half-lives greater than 40 d. (Copyright (c)
1987 SETAC.)
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Models, 'Water supply,
Ground water, Surface waters, Cultivation,
Concentration(Composition), Runoff, Leaching, Soil
mechanics, Reprints.
PB88-125497/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Chronic Topical Application of 12-O-Te-
tradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate on the Skin and
Internal Organs of 8ENCAR Mice. Journal article,
Texas Univ. System Cancer Center, Houston.
A. J. P. Klein-Szanto, C. J. Conti, C. M. Aldaz, N. Clapp,
and S. Nesnow. C1986,8p EPA/600/J-86/416
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v68 p75-
80 1986. Prepared in cooperation with Oak Ridge Na-
tional Lab., TN. Biology Div. Sponsored by Health Ef-
fects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Repetitive topical applications of 2 micrograms TPA
twice weekly for 37 to 52 weeks induced a sustained
epidermal hyperplasia, hyperplasia of hair follicles, and
increased dermal cellularlty in SENCAR mice. In addi-
tion, after 52 weeks of protracted promoter treatment
most animals developed generalized amyloidosis in-
volving liver and spleen, as well as interstitial nephritis.
Severe pyelonephritis and papillary necrosis were also
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
frequently seen. Reactive lymphoid hyperplasis was
also a frequent finding. Chronic administration of TPA
is not an inocuous treatment affecting only the interfol-
licular epidermis. The general effects of the promoter
on the animals, probably through impairment of the
immune system, decreased markedly their longevity.
(Copyright (c) Environmental Health Perspectives Vol.
68, pp. 75-80,1986.)
Keywords: Neoplasms, Skin(Anatomy), Hair, Immunol-
ogy, Laboratory animals, Mice, Reprints, 'Tumor pro-
moters, 'Tetradecanoylphorbol acetate, Administra-
tion/topical.
PB88-12S505/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Proceedings of Stormwater and Water Quality
Model Users Group Meeting Held at Denver, Colo-
rado on March 23-24, 1987,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
W. James, and T. O. Barnwell. Aug 87,259p EPA/
600/9-87/016
Prepared in cooperation with Alabama Univ., Universi-
ty-
The proceedings include 18 papers on topics related
to the development and application of computer-
based mathematical models for water quantity and
quality management. The papers were presented at
the semi-annual meeting of the joint US-Canadian
Stormwater and Water Quality Model Users Group,
held on March 23-24,1987, in Denver, Colorado. Sev-
eral papers deal with recent developments, adapta-
tions, and applications of the USEPA stormwater man-
agement model itself. A number of papers provide a
critical overview of hydrologic models and modeling
techniques, and a prediction of future developments in
stormwater modeling, particularly on microcomputers.
Other papers deal more specifically with such topics
as tidal flooding, corrective phosphorus removal, was-
teload allocations, and spreadsheet cost estimations
for drainage design parameters.
Keywords: 'Water qualify, 'Meetings, Storm sewers,
Mathematical models, Computer applications, Hydrol-
ogy, Design criteria, Costs, Runoff, Flood control, Re-
prints, 'Storm water runoff, Water management.
PB88-125513/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Computer-Assisted Structure Activity Relation-
ships of Nitrogenous Cyclic Compounds Tested
in Salmonella Assays for Mutagenicity. Journal arti-
cle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D. B. Walsh, and L. D. Claxton. c1987,12p EPA/600/
J-87/087
Pub. in Mutation Research, v182 p55-64 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Massachusetts Rehabilita-
tion Commission, Boston.
Study of the relationship between mutagenicity and
molecular structure for a data set of nitrogenous cyclic
compounds is reported. A computerized SAR system
(ADAPT) was utilized to classify a data set of 114 ni-
trogenous cyclic compounds with 19 molecular de-
scriptors. All of the descriptors represented at least
10% of the compounds in the data sets. The average
correct predictability of the data base was calculated
to be 89% after evaluating 100 training/prediction sub-
sets. The actual predictive ability of the discriminants
generated by the ADAPT system was demonstrated by
predicting the mutagenicity of structurally similar com-
pounds not in the data set. Weight vectors generated
in the pattern recognition programs were used to pre-
dict the bacterial mutagenicity of 10 compounds which
were not included in the data set. All of the compounds
were predicted correctly which was actually better
than the 89% calculated by the system. The authors
displayed the ability of the system of classify com-
pounds as mutagenic or nonmutagenic by using mo-
lecular descriptors and to predict the biological activity
of untested chemicals with a high degree of confi-
dence. The paper presents the uses of the type of SAR
approach in a research laboratory. (Copyright (c) 1987
Elsevier Science Publishers (Biomedical Division).)
Keywords: 'Nitrogen heterocyclic compounds, 'Muta-
gens, Computer applications, Molecular structure, Sal-
monella typhimurium, Bioassay, Pattern recognition
devices, Reprints, ADAPT system.
PB88-125521/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Estimating Sample Requirements for Field Evalua-
tions of Pesticide Leaching. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
C. N. Smith, R. S. Parrish, and R. F. Carsel. C1987,17p
EPA/600/J-87/090
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. v6
n5 p343-357 May 87. Prepared in cooperation with
Computer Sciences Corp., Athens, GA.
A method is presented for estimating the number of
samples needed to evaluate pesticide leaching threats
to ground water at a desired level of precision. Sample
size projections are based on desired precision (exhib-
ited as relative tolerable error), level of confidence (90
or 95%) and estimates of variability (expressed as the
coefficient of variation) for selected pesticide and soil
characteristics. Summary tables of descriptive statis-
tics are provided as guides for projecting variability of
various soil characteristics, pesticide properties (sorp-
tion, degradation), pesticide concentration profiles and
inorganic solutes, these data were compiled through a
comprehensive search of review articles and of re-
ports of laboratory and field studies. The parameters
selected are measurements generally required for
conducting field pesticide leaching studies. They are
also useful for evaluating ground water contamination
by calibrating and conducting sensitivity testing with
solute transport models. (Copyright (c) Environmental
Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol. 6, pp. 343-357, 1987.)
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Ground water, 'Water pollu-
tion, Leaching, Sampling, Confidence limits, Variability,
Field	tests,	Soil	properties,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), Reprints,
'Pesticide residues.
PB88-125539/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Glutathione Peroxidase and Glutathione Transfer-
ase Activity In Rat Lung and Liver Following Cad-
mium Inhalation. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
E. C. Grose, J. H. Richards, R. H. Jaskot, M. G.
Menache, and J. A. Graham, c1987,11 p EPA/600/J-
87/088
Pub. in Toxicology, v44 p171-179 1987. Prepared in
cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc., Durham, NC.
Inhalation Toxicology Group, and North Carolina State
Univ. at Raleigh.
A 2 hr inhalation exposure to 4.6 mg Cd/cu itii de-
creased pulmonary total glutathione peroxidaas (GSh
Px) activity and non-selenium peroxidase (GSH non-
Se-Px) activity but had no effect on GSH selenium per-
oxidase (Se-Px) activity. Seventy-two hrs after expo-
sure there was an increase in total GSH Px and GSH
Se-Px activity. Exposure to 0.44 mg Cd/cu m for 2 hr
caused no effect on GSH Se-Px at either 0 or 72 hr
post exposure, but total GSH Px and GSH non-Se-Px
activities were decreased up to 72 hr post exposure.
Exposure to 4.6 mg Cd/cu m caused an increase in
hepatic GSH Se-Px activity 72 hr post exposure, but no
other significant changes were observed in the liver.
Changes In GSH non-Se-Px activity did not relate to
changes in GSH transferase (Tr) activity. The data
suggest that alterations in GSH Px activity by Cd(+2)
may be due to changes in GSH non-Se-Px activity and
that changes In pulmonary GSH Tr and GSH non-Se-
Px activities may not be as closely linked as in the liver.
(Copyright (c) 1987 Elsevier Scientific Publishers Ire-
land Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Cadmium, Enzyme inhibitors,
Respiration, Exposure, Lung, Liver, Laboratory ani-
mals, Rats, Toxicity, Reprints, 'Glutathione peroxi-
dase, 'Glutathione transferases, 'Toxic substances.
PB88-f25547/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Influence of Deep Ocean Sewage Outfalls on the
Microbial Activity of the Surrounding Sediment
Journal article,
Dalhousie Univ., Halifax (Nova Scotia). Dept. of Biol-
ogy.
J. A. Novitsky, and D. M. Karl. C1985,12p EPA/600/J-
85/498
Grant EPA-R-811180
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v50
n6 p1464-1473 Dec 85. Prepared in cooperation with
Hawaii Univ. at Manoa, Honolulu. Dept. of Oceanogra-
phy. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Nar-
ragansett, Rl.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The microbial activity near two deep ocean sewage
outfalls off the coast of the island of Oahu, HI, was
characterized. Water samples and sediment samples
to a depth of 4.5 cm were analyzed from an area of ap-
proximately 4.5 x 10000 sq m surrounding the outfalls.
Although the effluent water at both sites exhibited he-
terotrophic activity that was 2 orders of magnitude
greater than water from a control site, ambient water
samples taken within 1 m of the discharge ports exhib-
ited activity only twice that of the control site for sur-
face samples collected within 10 m of the outfall. Like-
wise, the rates of microbial nucleic acid synthesis and
carbon production in the sediment were only elevated
immediately adjacent to the outfalls. Total microbial
biomass, as determined by the ATP content of the
sediment, varied spatially but was generally elevated
at the outfall sites. The specific growth rates calculat-
ed for the sediment microbial populations, however,
were not greater at the outfall sites. (Copyright (c)
1985, American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: "Water pollution, 'Sediments, 'Aquatic
microbiology, "Soil microbiology, Microorganisms,
Sewage disposal, Outfall sewers, Hawaii, Pacific
Ocean, Reprints, 'Ocean waste disposal, Sewage
treatment effluents.
PB88-125554/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Potential Contribution of Sulfate Production In
Cumulus Cloud Droplets to Ground Level Particle
Sulfur Concentrations. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
A. P. Altshuller. 1987,11p EPA/600/J-87/076
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v21 n5 p1097-1105
1987.
Relationships have been examined between the pres-
ence or absence of cumulus clouds and 3rd quarter
fine particle sulfur concentrations in St. Louis. An asso-
ciation between the presence of cumulus clouds with
S02 conversions in droplets and incrementally higher
fine particle sulfur concentrations can be demonstrat-
ed. However, diurnal patterns of fine particle sulfur
concentrations in the presence of cumulus clouds are
not consistent with local contributions from sulfate for-
mation in cumulus clouds. Morning fog often occurs on
the same days on which cumulus cfouds form later.
Reactions of S02 in fog droplets appear to make a
contribution, but do not account for the major part of
the increments in fine particle sulfur concentrations as-
sociated with cumulus clouds.
Keywords: 'Cumulus clouds, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Fog,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Photochemical reactions,
Aerosols, Pollution, Cloud physics, Reprints.
PB8B-125681/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
tnvironmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Isoprene Emission Fluxes Determined by an At-
mospheric Tracer Technique. Journal article,
Washington State Univ., Pullman.
Wes,b9r9. and G. Allwine. C1986,10p
EPA/600/J-86/412
Grant EPA-R-809296-02
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v29 n1 p1-8 Jan 86
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
Sulfur hexafluoride tracer was used in a series of ex-
periments to simulate isoprene emissions from an iso-
lated oak grove. The measured tracer release rate and
ambient concentrations of isoprene and SF sub 6 ob-
served along downwind sample lines were combined
to determine the mass flux of isoprene from the forest.
The fluxes determined from the tracer data increased
exponentially with temperature and were in close
agreement with estimates determined from emission
rates measured in a series of branch enclosure sam-
ples. The results of the field study demonstrate the
feasibility and usefulness of simulating forest emis-
sions as a tool for investigating turbulent transport in
forested areas. Isoprene emission fluxes that can be
applied in regional models are reported. (Copyright (c)
1986 Pergamon Press Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Isoprene, 'Emission, 'Atmospheric
motion, 'Air pollution, Wind(Meteorology), Air circula-
tion, Sulfur hexafluoride, Oak trees, Biomass, Reprints,
'Tracer studies, Biogeny.
PB88-125679/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Div.
Benzene Continuous Emission Monitoring Sys-
tems for Gasoline Bulk Storage,
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Reston, VA.
J. N. Bolstad. Nov 87,65p* EPA/600/4-87/034
Contract EPA-68-02-3887
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC. Quality Assurance
Div.
The report summarizes a study of continuous emission
monitors for measuring benzene emissions from gaso-
line bulk storage terminals. The work was performed
for the Quality Assurance Division, Source Branch, of
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by Pacific
Environmental Services under Contract No. 68-02-
3997, Task 33. The Environmental Protection Agency
is considering regulating the emissions of benzene
from bulk storage of gasoline products and is likely to
require data regarding benzene emissions. The eval-
uation of continuous emission monitors for benzene is
a necessary part of the overall effort. The study was
performed in three phases: a literature review, a labo-
ratory evaluation, and a field evaluation. The study ob-
jectives were to determine the commercial availability
of continuous monitors for benzene and the reported
performance of these units, evaluate their suitability for
measuring benzene in gasoline vapors, and determine
their applicability to the source category.
Keywords: 'Gasoline, 'Benzene, Storage tanks, Emis-
sions, 'Air pollution control, Monitors.
PB8B-125687/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effect of Environmental Variables on Enteric
Virus Survival in Surface Freshwaters,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. J. Hurst. Oct 87,11 p EPA/600/D-87/321
In a review of published studies which have concerned
stability of enteric viruses in surface freshwaters, those
environmental variables which have been determined
to have a statistically significant effect are pH, chlo-
ride, TOC, hardness, turbidity, and exposure to sun-
light when in shallow trays. In the present review it was
demonstrated by regression analysis that temperature
was also a statistically significant factor. The rates at
which inactivation of enteroviruses and rotaviruses
varied in response to temperature were clearly differ-
ent, with rotaviruses appearing to be much more sta-
bile as a group in surface freshwaters. Other factors
which have been cited as having demonstrable effect
upon enteric virus stability in these types of waters are
aerobic microorganisms, undetermined volatile or heat
labile factors intrinsic to the natural water samples,
nonseasonal factors intrinsic to the natural water sam-
ples, and sewage pollution in the case of at least
human echovirus type 7.
Keywords: 'Enteroviruses, 'Fresh water, 'Water pol-
lution, Temperature measurement, Aerobic bacteria,
Regression analysis, Monitoring, Environmental tests.
PB88-125695/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Transplanatlon and Chromosomal Analysis of Cell
Lines Derived from Mesotheliomas Induced In
Rats with Erionite and UICC Chrysotlle Asbestos,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
L. D. Palekar, J. F. Eyre, and D. L. Coffin. Oct 87,16p
EPA/600/D-87/322
Contract EPA-68-02-4032
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The histological lesions, chromosomal characteristics
and transplantability of six erionite-induced and seven
UICC chrysotile-induced rat mesotheliomas are com-
pared. The tumors were of four types: tubulopapillary,
fibrosarcomatous, mixed fibrosarcomatous and tubulo-
papillary and mixed fibrosarcomatous and chondrosar-
comatous. Cells lines derived from these displayed
heterogeneous chromosome anomalies, but none
were unique either to chrysotile or erionite treatment.
Five of seven erionite-induced and four of six UICC
chrysotile-induced tumors had various anomalies of
chromosome no. 1. When seven cell lines were trans-
planted into syngeneic rats, all produced tumors that
were pathologically similar to the original tumor regard-
less of the route of injection. Cytogenetically, the cell
lines derived from tumors after intrapleural transplan-
tation resembled the injected cell line.
Keywords: 'Chromosome abnormalities, 'Neoplasms,
'Rats, Medical research, Laboratory animals, Asbes-
tos, 'Cell line, 'Mesothelioma.
PB88-12S703/HSU	PC A03/MF AOI
Toxicity Reduction Evaluations In Municipal
Wastewater Treatment Plants,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
D. F. Bishop. Oct 87,31p EPA/600/D-87/320
Early work evaluating toxicity reduction in municipal
treatment plants revealed substantive ecosystem tox-
icity and Ames mutagenicity in plant effluents. The
ecosystem toxicity in one plant effluent, where the
plant flow contributed a substantial fraction of the
stream flow, produced significant damage to the
stream ecosystem. The evolving management method
to control toxic and toxicity in wastewater treatment Is
called a Toxicity Reduction Evaluation (TRE). The TRE
involves four major elements: evaluating the causes of
toxicity pass through at treatment plants; characteriz-
ing and identifying the components of toxicity; tracing
toxicity to its sources; and evaluating treatment alter-
natives for controlling toxicity. Progress on municipal
case history TRE studies described in the paper indi-
cate probable technical success in developing the
TRE method for management ecosystem of toxicity In
municipal wastewater treatment. While the relationship
between the Ames mutagenicity and health effects risk
has not been established, the relatively high levels of
Ames mutagenicity in some municipal wastewaters
suggest that health effects toxicity will be important in
future TRE methods.
Keywords: 'Waste water, 'Water treatment, 'Ef-
fluents, 'Toxicity, Mutagens, Water pollution, Munici-
palities, Water quality, Environmental monitoring.
PB88-125893/HSU	PC A06/MF AOI
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Case Studies of Hazardous Waste Treatment to
Remove Volatile Organic*. Volume 1,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC
C. Allen, M. Branscome, C. Northeim, K. Leese, and S
Harkins. Nov 87.117p EPA/600/2-87/094A
Contract EPA-68-02-3992
See also Volume 2, PB88-125901. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazard-
ous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Case studies are presented for treatment of refinery
wastes in a pilot-scale thin-film evaporator, the remov-
al of volatiles from industrial wastewater for two steam
strippers, and the removal of semivolatiles from water
by steam stripping followed by liquid-phase carbon ad-
sorption. The report provides data on removal efficien-
cy, air emissions, process residuals, treatment costi
and process limitations. Details on sampling and ana-
lytical procedures, quality assurance, and process
data are contained in the Appendixes (Volume II).
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Refineries, 'Indus-
trial waste treatment, Hazardous materials, Pilot
plants, Vaporizing, Steam, Strippers, Carbon, Adsorp-
tion, Flow rate, Cost analysis, Air pollution. Sampling
Explosives, Tables(Data), Test equipment, Case stud-
PB88-125901/HSU	PC A06/MF AOI
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Case Studies of Hazardous Waste Treatment to
Remove Volatile Organlcs. Volume 2,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC
C. Allen, M. Branscome, C. Northeim, K. Leese, and S
Harkins. Nov 87,117p EPA/600/2-87/094B
Contract EPA-68-02-3992
See also Volume 1, PB88-125893. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency. Cincinnati, OH. Hazard-
ous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Case studies are presented in the report for treatment
of refinery wastes in a pilot-scale thin-film evaporator
the removal of volatiles from industrial wastewater for
two steam strippers, and the removal of semivolatHes
from water by steam stripping followed by Uquid-phasa
carbon adsorption. The report provides data on remov
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
al efficiency, air emissions, process residuals, treat-
ment costs, and process limitations. Details on sam-
pling and analytical procedures, quality assurance, and
process data are contained in the Appendixes (Volume
II).
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Refineries, "Indus-
trial waste treatment, Hazardous materials, Pilot
plants, Evaporators, Vaporizing, Steam, Strippers,
Carbon, Adsorption, Cost analysis, Sampling, Chemi-
cal analysis, 'Case studies.
PB88-126008/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Integrated Approach to a Study of Contaminants
and Toxicity In Monroe Harbor (River Raisin),
Michigan, a Great Lakes Area of Concern: Sum-
mary Report.
Michigan Dept. of Natural Resources, Lansing.
Nov 87,207p EPA/600/3-87/044
Grants EPA-R-810232, EPA-R-810775
Sponsored in part by Contract EPA-68-01-7170. Spon-
sored by Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Chemical-specific and toxicity based approaches were
used to assess effluent and receiving water quality of
Monroe Harbor, Michigan. Toxicity was defined and
measured by bioassay techniques using water both
from control sites and points of impact. Inhibition of
bacterial decomposer activity, phytoplankton produc-
tivity, zooplankton reproduction and grazing efficiency,
survival of zooplankton and larval fish and contami-
nant accumulation were measured. An undetermined
loading of PCBs approaching 200 g/day in the Lower
Raisin River was found by using an input-output mass
balance model. An attempt was made to inteigrate the
toxicity based and chemical specific approaches. Zinc
and copper appear to be toxic to different species and
to affect specific ecosystem functions, either singly or
in combination. Although PCBs were important in the
bioaccumulation studies, they did not appear signifi-
cant in describing observed toxicity in the Ceriodaph-
nia reproduction and survival in the seven day Mount-
Norberg life cycle test.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Plankton, 'Water pollution,
'Monroe Harbor, Bioassay, Phytoplankton, Zooplank-
ton, Fishes, Larvae, Biphenyl, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Reproduction(Biology), Daphnia, Life cycles.
Mathematical models, Metals, Raisin River,
Graphs(Charts), Michigan, Polychlorinated biphenyls,
Ceriodaphnia.
PB88-126412/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Hazardous Waste Combustion in Industrial Proc-
•sses: Cement and Lime Kilns,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. E. Mournighan, and M. Branscome. Nov 87,76p
EPA/600/2-87/095
Contract EPA-68-03-3149
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The report summarizes the results of several studies
relating to hazardous waste combustion in cement and
lime kilns. The tests included in the study are four kilns
tested by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
four kilns tested by State agencies or the kiln operator,
two Canadian tests, and one Swedish test. The pre-
dominant types of wastes tested included chlorinated
organic compounds, aromatic compounds, and metal-
contaminated waste oil. The kiln types include lime
kilns and cement kilns, which included the dry, wet,
and preheated processes. Fabric filters and electro-
static precipitators (ESPs) were the pollution control
devices used in these processes, and the primary fuels
included coal, coke, coal/coke, fuel oil, and natural
gas/coke. The parameters examined in the report
were Destruction and Removal Efficiency (DRE) of the
Principal Organic Hazardous Constituents, particulate
and HCI emissions, metals, and the effect of burning
hazardous waste on S02, NOx, and CO emissions.
The primary conclusion of the study is that DRE's of
99 99% or greater can be obtained in properly-operat-
ed calcining kilns. Particulate matter can increase
when chlorinated wastes are burned in a kiln equipped
with an electrostatic precipitator. Those kilns equipped
with fabric filters showed no change in emissions.
Keywords: 'Kilns, 'Incinerators, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'Solid waste disposal, Industrial wastes, Combus-
tion products, 'Air pollution control equipment, Air
sampling.
PB88-126420/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Numerical Model for Three-Dlmensional Hydrody-
namic Transport: Documentation of the Computer
Program,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. F. Paul, and J. A. Nocito. Nov 87,169p EPA/600/3-
87/043
Prepared in cooperation with Science Applications
International Corp., Narragansett, Rl.
As part of a research effort by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency to study the dispersion of pollutants
in aquatic systems, a numerical model has been devel-
oped that is capable of realistically describing physical
transport in lakes, embayments, nearshore marine
coastal areas, and riverine and thermal outfall plumes.
The model is formulated from the time-dependent,
three-dimensional convective-diffusive equation. The
model is designed to be compatible with a separate
time-dependent, three-dimensional, variable-density,
hydrodynamic model. The details of the hydrodynamic
model have been documented in a separate report.
The report provides the documentation for the com-
puter program for the numerical model. Three detailed
case studies are presented to demonstrate the utility
of the model. These case studies are applications to
Lake Erie, an idealized lake, and a surface thermal dis-
charge.
Keywords: 'Pollution, Plumes, Documentation, Atmos-
pheric models, Numerical analysis, Dispersion, Lakes,
Coastal areas, Lake Erie, Mathematical models,
'Aquatic ecosystems, Numerical model, Computer
program documentation, Hydrodynamic models, Case
studies, Pollution control.
PB88-126438/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Science Applications International Corp., Narragan-
sett, Rl.
Numerical Model for Throe-Dimensional, Variable-
Density Hydrodynamic Flows: Documentation of
the Computer Program,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. F. Paul, and J. A. Nocito. Nov 87,241 p EPA/600/3-
87/042
Sponsored by Science Applications International
Corp., Narragansett, Rl.
As part of a research effort by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency to study the dispersion of pollutants
in aquatic systems, a numerical model has been devel-
oped that is capable of realistically describing the hy-
drodynamics in lakes, embayments, nearshore marine
coastal areas, and riverine and thermal outfall plumes.
The model is time-dependent, three-dimensional, and
variable density. Both rigid-lid and free-surface flows
can be determined. The main assumptions used in the
development of the model include hydrostatic pres-
sure variation, Boussinesq approximation, and eddy
coefficients to account for turbulence. A new solution
procedure, which is a modification of the simplified
marker and cell method, is used. The procedure per-
mits selected terms in the equations to be treated im-
plicitly in time. The report provides the documentation
for the computer program for the numerical model.
Keywords: 'Hydrodynamics, 'Water pollution, 'Manu-
als, Computer program, Three dimensional flow, Time
dependence, Hydrostatic pressure, Eddies, Mathemat-
ical models, 'Hydrodynamic model, Path of pollutants,
Aquatic ecosystems, Boussinesq approximation.
PB88-126446/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Biological Aerated Filter Full Scale EPA (Environ-
mental Protection Agency) Demonstration
Project,
Utah Univ., Salt Lake City.
H. D. Stensel, and K. Lee. C1983,7p EPA/600/D-87/
332
Grant EPA-CS-809217-01
Pub. in Proceedings of the Utah Water Pollution Con-
trol Association 1983 Annual Meeting, Park City, UT.,
April 20-21, 1983. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
The use of high rate fixed film biological wastewater
treatment processes is gaining considerable interest
as an alternative to activated sludge treatment. Much
of the interest is related to the potential for smaller re-
actor volumes due to the ability to maintain a high con-
centration of biological solids, the elimination of sludge
control problems associated with activated sludge
clarifiers, and the potential for simple operation. The
Biological Aerated Filter (BAF) is a high rate packed
bed fixed film system marketed by the Eimco Process
Equipment Company and recently developed by OTV
of Paris, France. The purpose of the paper is to de-
scribe a BAF system, the project objectives, the
system start-up experience, and initial performance.
(Copyright (c) 1983.)
Keywords: 'Waste water, 'Water treatment, Mechani-
cal tests, Design criteria, Cost engineering, Perform-
ance evaluation, Effluents, Reprints, 'Biological aer-
ated filter.
PB88-126461/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 8):
Denver Radium/Card Corporation Property, Colo-
rado (Third Remedial Action), June 1987. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Jun 87,39p EPA/ROD/R08-87/012
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Denver Radium/Card Corporation property is a
17.2-acre site located in Denver, Colorado. In 1979,
the EPA discovered a reference to the National
Radium Institute in 1916 U.S. Bureau of Mines report.
Subsequent field research revealed the presence of
thirty-one radioactive sites in the Denver Metropolitan
area, one of these being Card property, the location of
the original Pittsburgh Radium Company processing
facility. The site consists of five buildings and an oil
and waste water pond at the eastern boundary. There
is no serious public health risk at present from radium
or its decay products, most notable radion gas. How-
ever, there is the potential for increased public health
risk if the radium contaminated materials are misused
or inadvertently spread. Currently, radium has been
detected in the soih sediment and underneath the True
Truss building. EPA's preferred remedial action for the
Card property is permanent offsite disposal- However,
the alternative can not be implemented until a suitable
offsite facility is designated.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Sediments, Soils, Debris, Radium,
'Superfund program, 'Remedial actions, 'Record of
decision.
PB88-126479/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
Clave Reber, Ascension Parish, Louisiana (First
Remedial Action), March 1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
31 Mar 87,69p EPA/ROD/R06-87/020
The Cleve Reber site is located in Ascension Parish
between Baton Rouge and New Orleans, Louisiana.
Originally a burrow pit for the construction of a local
highway, it was subsequently used as a landfill for both
municipal and industrial waste. There are an estimated
6,400 drums buried at shallow depths on this 24.6 acre
site. The site ties within a 100 year flood plain and the
area surrounding the site may fall within the wetlands
classification. The site currently contains four surface
water ponds. Between 1970 and 1974, it was used as
a landfill for both municipal and industrial waste. No
records of the waste received at the site are available.
The wastes were reportedly segregated into munici-
pals, chemical waste plies and landfilled. Numerous
drums containing chemical wastes were buried onsite.
Volatile chemical wastes during handling and disposal
reportedly resulted in nausea and illness to the landfill
employees. In 1974, the site was abandoned and in
1979 declared an abandoned hazardous waste site by
the State. In 1983, the State fenced in the site due to
local concern; and in July 1983, EPA conducted an
emergency removal.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Soil, Sediments, "Superfund program,
"Remedial actions, 'Record of decision, Cleve
Reber(Lousiana), Hexachlorobenzene.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-126487/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Suparfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
Highland Acid Pit, Harris County, Texas (Second
Remedial Action), June 1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
26 Jun 87, 38p EPA/ROD/R06-87/021
See also report dated Sep 84, PB85-214005.Portions
of this document are not fully legible.
The Highlands Acid Pit site is located 16 miles east of
Houston on a 6-acre peninsula in Harris County,
Texas. The site is bordered on the west and south by
the San Jacinto River, on the north by a wooded area,
and on the east by a sand pit. The site lies within the
10-year flood plain and has subsided 2.4 feet since
1964. An unknown quantity of industrial waste sludge
was disposed of at the site in the 1950s. The sludge is
believed to be spent sulfuric wastes from a refinery
process. The June 1984 Record of Decision, address-
ing the source of contamination, was inadequate to
evaluate the full extent of ground water contamination.
The primary contaminants of concern addressing
ground water include VOCs and heavy metals. The
recommended remedial action includes a no action
remedy with long-term ground water and surface water
monitoring since the contaminants of concern were
not detected above criteria levels. The capital cost for
the monitoring program is $4,700 with annual O&M of
$6,980.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, "Hazardous materials,
•Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Texas, Volatile organic compounds,
'Superfund program, "Remedial actions, "Record of
decision, Heavy metals.
PB88-126495/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
Tower Chemical Company Site, Clermont, Florida,
July 1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washinqton, DC.
9 Jul 87,87p EPA/ROD/R04-87/022
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Tower Chemical Company (TCC) site is an aban-
doned manufacturing facility located along the eastern
edge of Lake County, Florida. The TCC owned and uti-
lized two separate parcels of land: a main facility and a
spray irrigation field approximately 16 residences, lo-
cated within a 1.2 mile radius of the site, tap the under-
lying aquifer for their water supply. Wetlands and
swamps are also nearby the site. From 1957 to 1981,
the TCC manufactured, formulated and stored various
pesticides, acidic wastewaters, produced during the
manufacturing process were discharged into the un-
lined percolation/evaporation pond located at the
main facility. In July 1980, the pond overflowed and
discharge was diverted to the spray irrigation field. In
June 1980, as a result of damages caused by the
wastewater pond overflow, the Florida Department of
Environmental Regulation (FDER) ordered TCC to
cease all discharges from the site studies, initiated by
both EPA and FDER, indicated high concentrations of
DDT and associated pesticide compounds in the main
facility and a below normal fish population in the un-
named stream onsite.
Keywords: "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Florida, Metals, "Superfund program,
"Remedial actions, "Record of decision, DDT, Pesti-
cides.
PB88-126511/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
Tri-City Conservationist Corporation Site, Temple
Terrace, Florida (First Remedial Action), Septem-
ber 1967. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
21 Sep87,41p EPA/ROD/H04-87/023
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Tri-City property, occupying approximately one-
quarter acre, is located in Temple Terrace, Hillsbor-
ough County, Florida. The site is located within one-
fourth mile of at least eight private drinking water wells
and within two miles of major public drinking water
supply wells. From 1960 to 1975 the Tri-City property
was used for the operation of a heating oil service busi-
ness. From 1978 to 1983 Tri-City Oil Conservationist
Corporation was a waste oil collection and distribution
center. During the operational period of the Tri-City
site, the Hillsborough County Environmental Protec-
tion Commission and the Florida Department of Envi-
ronmental Regulation (FDER) received several com-
plaints regarding odor problems and sloppy practices.
In 1982 a 3,000 gallon waste oil spill occurred at the
Tri-City operation. The owner failed to clean up the site
at the request of FDER and in February 1984, EPA
conducted an immediate removal action. Following the
removal, soil contamination posed a threat to the
ground water.
Keywords: "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Florida, "Superfund program, "Reme-
dial actions, "Record of decision.
PB88-126529/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Saltvllle Waste Disposal Site, Saltville, Virginia
(Remedial Alternative Selection), June 1987. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Jun 87, 92p EPA/ROD/R03-87/035
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Saltville Waste Disposal site is located along the
North Fork of the Holston River (NFHR) between Salt-
ville and Allison Gap in Western Smyth County, Virgin-
ia, and partly extends into Washington County, Virgin-
ia. The Jefferson National Forest is located approxi-
mately one-half mile north of the site. From 1895 to
1972, Olin Corporation and its predecessors (Mathie-
son Chemical Corporation and Mathieson Alkali
Works) used the site for various chemical manufactur-
ing operations. The site includes a former plant area
and two waste ponds, 5 and 6. Between 1951 and
1972, the Olin Corporation operated an electrolytic
chlorine and caustic soda plant which released mercu-
ry into the process wastes and onto the plant grounds.
Mercury losses were estimated by Olin Corporation to
be 100 lbs/day from the chlor-alkali processes. In
1963, Waste Pond 6 was constructed to receive waste
overflow from Waste Pond 5. According to Olin corpo-
ration, no wastes containing mercury were dumped
into Waste Pond 6, but structural components of the
old plant reportedly were buried at the eastern edge of
the pond.
Keywords: "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Air pollution, Soils, Sediments, Virgin-
ia, "Superfund program, 'Remedial actions, "Record
of decision.
PB88-126537/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Palmerton Zinc Site, Palmerton, Pennsylvania (In-
terim Remedial Measure), September 1987. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
4 Sep 87, 36p EPA/ROD/R03-87/036
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Palmerton Zinc site is located in Carbon County,
Pennsylvania. The New Jersey Zinc Company current-
ly operates two zinc smeltors in Palmerton at the base
of Blue Mountain. These two smeltors are referred to
as the east and west plants. Since 1898, the New
Jersey Zinc facility has produced zinc and other metals
for machinery, pharmaceuticals, pigments and many
other products. Primary smelting of concentrated zinc
sulfide ores which was terminated in December 1980,
is the main source of pollution. Prior to December
1980, the smeltors emitted huge quantities of zinc,
lead, cadmium and sulfer dioxide which led to the defo-
liation of approximately 2,000 acres on Blue Mountain,
adjacent to the east smeltor. Vegetation damage first
appeared on a 1951 aerial photograph as isolated
patches on the steep, north-facing slope of Blue
Mountain located immediately south of the east plant.
By 1985, vegetation damage progressed over a con-
tinuous widespread area leaving barren, eroded land
visible. The primary contaminants of concern leading
to the defoliation of Blue Mountain include: zinc, lead,
cadmium and sulfur dioxide.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Soil, Wood, Zinc, Lead(Metal), Cadmi-
um Sulfur dioxide, Inorganic compounds, 'Superfund
program, 'Remedial actions, 'Record of decision,
Heavy metals.
PB88-126552/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Volney Landfill Site, Volney, New York (First Re-
medial Action), July 1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
31 Jul 87, 68p EPA/ROD/R02-87/040
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Volney Landfill site, located in the Town of Volney,
Oswego County, New York, is a 55-acre, unlined mu-
nicipal landfill. From 1969 until 1983 municipal waste
disposal operations occurred at the site. Most of the
waste disposed of at the site consisted of typical resi-
dential, commercial, institutional and light industrial
waste. However, between March 1974 and January
1975, Pollution Abatement Services, a hazardous
waste incineration facility, was permitted to dispose of
approximately 8,000 drums containing only residue
coatings. Allegedly, 50 - 200 of these drums contained
unidentified liquid waste. The condition of these al-
leged drums is unknown, as is their location within the
landfill. In September 1983, waste disposal at the land-
fill ceased with the opening of the Bristol Hill Landfill
approximately 2 miles southeast of the site. In the fall
of 1985, closure operations for the Volney Landfill
were completed by the current owner, Oswego
County. Because the landfill is unlined and has a
leachate collection system only in its newer (northern)
section, leachate migration is occurring in both hori-
zontal and vertical directions. The primary contami-
nants of concern affecting the ground water include:
vinyl chloride, benzene, arsenic, VOCs and metals.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Volatile organic compounds, New
York, 'Superfund program, "Remedial actions,
"Record of decision, Vinyl chloride, Benzene, Arsenic
Heavy metals.
PB88-127030/HSU	PC EM
Unfinished Business: A Comparative Assessment
of Environmental Problems.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Feb 87,856p-in 5v*
Set includes PB88-127048 through PB88-127089.
No abstract available.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, Comparison, As-
sessments, Environmental impacts, Ecology, "Risk as-
sessments, Environmental Protection Agency.
PB88-127048/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Unfinished Business: A Comparative Assessment
of Environmental Problems: Overview Report
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Feb 87,122p* EPA/230/2-87/025A
See also Appendix 1, PB88-127055.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99. PB88-
127030.
Since 1970 the Nation has done much to abate the
most visible forms of pollution, but there is still much
unfinished business. New problems have also been
discovered' or have risen in importance. Many of
these new problems are difficult to evaluate; many in.
volve toxic chemicals that can cause cancer or birth
defects at levels of exposure that are hard to detect'
and many involve persistent contaminants that can
move from one environment medium to another, caus-
ing further damage even after controls have been ap-
plied for one medium. The complexity and gravity of
these issues make it particularly important that EPA
apply its finite resources where they will have the
greatest effect. Thus, the Administrator of EPA com-
missioned a special task force of senior career manag>
ers and technical experts to assist him and other policy
makers in the task. The assignment was to compare
the risks currently associated with major environmen-
tal problems. In conducting the project, the universe of
environmental problems was divided into 31 pieces
Four different types of risks were considered for each
problem area. Each risk was analyzed and the findinos
published in separate volumes as: Appendix I - Report
of the Cancer Risk Work Group; Appendix li - No»v
Cancer Risk Work Group; Appendix III - Ecological
Risk Work Group; Appendix IV - Welfare Risk Work
Group.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, Comparison, As-
sessments, Environmental impacts, Ecology, 'Risk as-
sessments, Environmental Protection Agency.
PB88-127055/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Unfinished Business: A Comparative Assessment
of Environmental Problems. Appendix 1. Report
of the Cancer Risk Work Group.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Feb 87, 226p* EPA/230/2-87/025B
See also Overview Report, PB88-127048, and Appen-
dix 2, PB88-127063.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB88-
127030.
The report is one of four reports comparing risks cur-
rently associated with major environmental problems.
Cancer risk associated with 31 environmental problem
areas under EPA's jurisdiction was evaluated and then
ranked according to the relative magnitude of the
cancer risk. The report discusses the process used for
ranking the environmental problems, identifies the dif-
ficulties encountered in evaluating cancer risks and
presents the relative rankings. It also highlights several
issues that affected the ranking of specific environ-
mental problems. The ranking should not be regarded
as a list establishing priorities for regulation.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, Comparison, As-
sessments, Environmental impacts, Ecology, 'Risk as-
sessments, Environmental Protection Agency.
PB8B-127063/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Unfinished Business: A Comparative Assessment
of Environmental Problems. Appendix 2. Non-
Cancer Risk Work Group.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Feb 87, 60p* EPA/230/2-87/025C
See also Appendix 1, PB88-127055, and Appendix 3,
PB88-127071.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB88-
127030.
The report is one of four reports comparing risks cur-
rently associated with major environmental problems.
A ranking methodology was devised and 31 environ-
mental problems areas under EPA's jurisdiction were
ranked according to the relative magnitude of the non-
cancef health risks they pose. Chapter 2 of the report
summarizes the results of the ranking of the non-
eancer health risks associated with major environmen-
tal problem areas, and Chapter 3 reviews the process
used to produce these rankings. Chapter 4 presents
some overall observations on the project and recom-
mendations resulting from it. The steps and issues in
the ranking methodology are described in further detail
in the Appendix.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, Comparison, As-
sessments, Environmental impacts, Ecology, 'Risk as-
sessments, Environmental Protection Agency.
PB88-127071/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Unfinished Business: A Comparative Assessment
of Environmental Problems. Appendix 3. Ecologi-
cal Risk Work Group.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Feb 87, 345p* EPA/230/2-87/025D
See also Appendix 2, PB88-127063, and Appendix 4,
PB88-127089.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB88-
127030.
The report is one of four reports comparing risks'Cur-
rently associated with major environmental problems.
Specific environmental problems according to ecologi-
cal risk were ranked and the results summarized in
Part I of the report. Also contained in Part I are certain
general conclusions reached on ecological risks and
Row EPA addresses them, together with related rec-
ommendations. Part II of the report describes in more
detail the approach and methods used to develop the
rankings, and Part III includes comments and observa-
tions on ecological risk and its priority in EPA and de-
scribes in more detail the difficulties in ranking ecologi-
cal risks. Part IV is an appendix containing the full
report of the panel of experts convened by the Cornell
Ecosystems Research Center and the papers on indi-
vidual problems which were used in developing the
rankings.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, Comparison, As-
sessments, Environmental impacts, Ecology, 'Risk as-
sessments, Environmental Protection Agency.
PB88-127089/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Unfinished Business: A Comparative Assessment
of Environmental Problems. Appendix 4. Welfare
Risk Work Group.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Feb 87,103p* EPA/230/2-87/025E
See also Appendix 3, PB88-127071.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB88-
127030.
The report is one of four reports comparing risks cur-
rently associated with major environmental problems.
Ranking the 31 environmental problems according to
the severity of the actual and potential welfare dam-
ages they may cause was difficult, principally because
of the incomplete information about their effects and
different levels of aggregation among the problems.
Many types of welfare effects have never been as-
sessed comprehensively. Because of the paucity of in-
formation, these rankings to a great degree depend on
subjective evaluation. Environmental problems were
ranked within five distinct categories of welfare losses.
These are soiling and material damages (Chapter 2),
recreational losses (Chapter 3), damage to natural re-
sources (Chapter 4), damage to commercial and public
property and to ground-water supplies (Chapter 5), and
losses in aesthetic and nonuser values (Chapter 6). To
give readers a better basis for understanding these
rankings, the Introduction discusses the procedures
followed in ranking the welfare effects and discusses
some methodological issues associated with the
effort. Chapter 7 of the report presents a detailed ra-
tionale for the ranking and some recommendations
based on the results of the effort.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, Comparison, As-
sessments, Environmental impacts, Ecology, 'Risk as-
sessments, Environmental Protection Agency.
PB88-127097/HSU	PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Investigation of Cancer Riak Assessment Meth-
ods.
Clement Associates, Inc., Ruston, LA.
Sep 87, 841p-in 4v*
Set includes PB88-127105 through PB88-127139.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Department of Defense, Washington,
DC., Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA., and
Risk Science Inst., Washington, DC.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Magnetic neoplasms, Methodology.
'Cancer, 'Risk assessments, 'Carcinogenesis, Toxic
substances, Health risks.
PB88-127105/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
Investigation of Cancer Risk Assessment Meth-
ods. Summary,
Clement Associates, Inc., Ruston, LA.
B. C. Allen, A. M. Shipp, K. S. Crump, B. KHian, and M.
L. Hogg. Sep 87,68p* EPA/600/6-87/007A
Contract EPA-68-01 -6807
See also Volume 1, PB88-127113. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Department
of Defense, Washington, DC., Electric Power Re-
search Inst., Palo Alto, CA„ and Risk Science Inst.,
Washington. DC.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB88-
127097.
The major focus of the study is upon making quantita-
tive comparisons of carcinogenic potency in animals
and humans for 23 chemicals for which suitable animal
and human data exists. These comparisons are based
upon estimates of risk related doses (RRDs) obtained
from both animal and human data. An RRD represents
the average daily dose per body weight of a chemical
that would result in an extra cancer risk of 25%. Animal
data on these and 21 other chemicals of interest to the
EPA and the DOD are coded into an animal data base
that permits evaluation by computer of many risk as-
sessment approaches. The report is the result of a
two-year study to examine the assumptions, other than
those involving low dose extrapolation, used in quanti-
tative cancer risk assessment. The study was funded
by the Department of Defense (through an interagency
transfer of funds to the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA)), the EPA, the Electric Power Research
Institute and, in its latter stages, by the Risk Science
Institute.
Keywords: 'Magnetic neoplasms, Methodology,
"Cancer, 'Risk assessments, 'Carcinogenesis, Toxic
substances, Health risks.
PB88-127113/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Investigation of Cancer Risk Assessment Meth-
ods. Volume 1. Introduction and Epidemiology,
Clement Associates, Inc., Ruston, LA.
B. C. Allen, A. M. Shipp, K. S. Crump, B. Kilian, and M.
L. Hogg. Sep 87,326p* EPA/600/6-87/007B
Contract EPA-68-01 -6807
See also PB88-127105, and Volume 2, PB88-127121.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, Department of Defense, Washington,
DC., Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA., and
Risk Science Inst., Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB88-
127097.
The major focus of the study is upon making quantita-
tive comparisons of carcinogenic potency in animals
and humans for 23 chemicals for which suitable animal
and human data exists. These comparisons are based
upon estimates of risk related doses (RRDs) obtained
from both animal and human data. An RRD represents
the average daily dose per body weight of a chemical
that would result in an extra cancer risk of 25%. Animal
data on these and 21 other chemicals of interest to the
EPA and the DOD are coded into an animal data base
that permits evaluation by computer of many risk as-
sessment approaches. The report is the result of a
two-year study to examine the assumptions, other than
those involving low dose extrapolation, used in quanti-
tative cancer risk assessment. The study was funded
by the Department of Defense (through an interagency
transfer of funds to the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA)), the EPA, the Electric Power Research
Institute and, in its latter stages, by the Risk Science
Institute.
Keywords: 'Magnetic neoplasms, Methodology,
'Cancer, 'Risk assessments, 'Carcinogenesis, Toxic
substances, Health risks.
PB88-127121/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Investigation of Cancer Risk Assessment Meth-
ods. Volume 2. Bloassay Data Base,
Clement Associates, Inc., Ruston, LA.
B. C. Allen, A. M. Shipp, K. S. Crump, B. Kilian, and M.
L. Hogg. Sep 87,251p EPA/600/6-87/007C
Contract EPA-68-01-6807
See also Volume 1, PB88-127113, and Volume 3,
PB88-127139. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Health and En-
vironmental Assessment, Department of Defense,
Washington, DC., Electric Power Research Inst., Palo
Alto, CA., and Risk Science Inst., Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB86-
127097.
The major focus of the study is upon making quantita-
tive comparisons of carcinogenic potency in animals
and humans for 23 chemicals for which suitable animal
and human data exists. These comparisons are based
upon estimates of risk related doses (RRDs) obtained
from both animal and human data. An RRD represents
the average daily dose per body weight of a chemical
that would result in an extra cancer risk of 25%. Animal
data on these and 21 other chemicals of interest to the
EPA and the DOD are coded into an animal data base
that permits evaluation by computer of many risk as-
sessment approaches. The report is the result of a
two-year study to examine the assumptions, other than
those involving low dose extrapolation, used in quanti-
tative cancer risk assessment. The study was funded
by the Department of Defense (through an interagency
transfer of funds to the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA)), the EPA, the Electric Power Research
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Institute and, in its latter stages, by the Risk Science
Institute.
Keywords: "Magnetic neoplasms, Methodology,
•Cancer, "Risk assessments, 'Carcinogenesis, Toxic
substances, Health risks.
PB88-127139/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Investigation of Cancer Risk Assessment Meth-
ods. Volume 3. Analyses,
Clement Associates, Inc., Ruston, LA.
B. C. Allen, A. M. Shipp, K. S. Crump, B. Kilian, and M.
L. Hogg. Sep 87, 196p* EPA/600/6-87/007D
Contract EPA-68-01-6807
See also Volume 2, PB88-127121. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Department
of Defense, Washington, DC., Electric Power Re-
search Inst., Palo Alto, CA„ and Risk Science Inst.,
Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB88-
127097.
The major focus of the study is upon making quantita-
tive comparisons of carcinogenic potency in animals
and humans for 23 chemicals for which suitable animal
and human data exists. These comparisons are based
upon estimates of risk related doses (RRDs) obtained
from both animal and human data. An RRD represents
the average daily dose per body weight of a chemical
that would result in an extra cancer risk of 25%. Animal
data on these and 21 other chemicals of interest to the
EPA and the DOD are coded into an animal data base
that permits evaluation by computer of many risk as-
sessment approaches. The report is the result of a
two-year study to examine the assumptions, other than
those involving low dose extrapolation, used in quanti-
tative cancer risk assessment. The study was funded
by the Department of Defense (through an interagency
transfer of funds to the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA)), the EPA, the Electric Power Research
Institute and, in its latter stages, by the Risk Science
Institute.
Keywords: "Magnetic neoplasms, Methodology,
•Cancer, *Risk assessment, •Carcinogenesis, Toxic
substances, Health risks.
PB88-127931/HSU	PC EM
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Characterization of MWC (Municipal Waste Com-
bustion) Ashes and Leachates from MSW (Munici-
pal Solid Waste) Landfills, Monofllls, and Co-Dis-
posal Sites.
NUS Corp., Pittsburgh, PA.
Oct 87,1073p-in 7v?
Set includes PB88-127949 through PB88-128004.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The set contains the report that summarizes the re-
suits of five other reports that compile extensive re-
views of available literature and data on municipal
waste combustion (MWC) ash and leachate. In addi-
tion, the report provides chemical characterization
data on MWC ash and simulated leachates as well as
data on chemical parameters of actual leachate col-
lected from municipal waste landfills, monofills, and
co-disposal sites. The report includes the results of
these analyses and a limited number of conclusions
and recommendations for future actions. The Agency
intends to utilize the document in the development of a
viable ash management strategy. The set also con-
tains the additional six support volumes to the report.
Keywords: 'Municipal wastes, "Combustion, 'Waste
disposal, Industries, Emissions, Solid waste disposal,
Ash, Leachates, Hazardous materials, Landfills.
PB88-127949/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Characterization of MWC (Municipal Waste Com-
bustion) Ashes and Leachates from MSW (Munici-
pal Solid Waste) Landfills, Monofllls, and Co-Dis-
posal Sites. Volume 1. Summary. Final rept.
NUS Corn , Pittsburgh, PA.
Oct 87,145p* R-33-6-7-1, EPA/530/SW-87/028A
Contract EPA-68-01-7310
See also Volume 2, PB88-127956. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office
of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99, PB88-
127931.
The report summarizes the results of five other reports
that compile extensive reviews of available literature
and data on municipal waste combustion (MWC) ash
and leachate. In addition, the report provides chemical
characterization data on MWC ash and simulated lea-
chates as well as data on chemical parameters of
actual leachate collected from municipal waste land-
fills, monofills, and co-disposal sites. The report in-
cludes the results of these analyses and a limited
number of conclusions and recommendations for
future actions. The Agency intends to utilize the docu-
ment in the development of a viable ash management
strategy.
Keywords: "Municipal wastes, "Combustion, "Waste
disposal, Industries, Emissions, Solid waste disposal,
Ash, Leachates, Hazardous materials, Landfills.
PB88-127956/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Characterization of MWC (Municipal Waste Com-
bustion) Ashes and Leachates from MSW (Munici-
pal Solid Waste) Landfills, Monofllls, and Co-Dis-
posal Sites. Volume 2. Leachate Baseline Report:
Determination of Municipal Landfill Leachate
Characteristics.
NUS Corp., Pittsburgh, PA.
Oct 87,132p* D-33-10-6-17, EPA/530/SW-87/028B
Contract EPA-68-01-7310
See also Volume 1, PB88-127949 and Volume 3,
PB88-127964.Portions of this document are not fully
legible. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99, PBB8-
127931.
The volume contains the results of a literature survey
on the environmental effects of municipal waste dis-
posal sites.
Keywords: "Municipal wastes, "Combustion, "Waste
disposal, Industries, Emissions, Solid waste disposal,
Ash, Leachates, Hazardous materials, Landfills, Litera-
ture surveys.
PB88-127964/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Characterization of MWC (Municipal Waate Com-
bustion) Ashes and Leachates from MSW (Munici-
pal Solid Waste) Landfills, Monofills, and Co-Dis-
posal Sites. Volume 3. Addendum to Characteriza-
tion of Municipal Landfill Leachates-A Literature
Review. Final rept.
NUS Corp., Pittsburgh, PA.
Oct 87, 41 p* D-33-3-7-10, EPA/530/SW-87/028C
Contract EPA-68-01-7310
See also Volume 2, PB88-127956 and Volume 4,
PB88-127972.Portions of this document are not fully
legible. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99, PB88-
127931.
The volume contains additional literature review data
on the environmental effects of municipal waste dis-
posal sites.
Keywords: "Municipal wastes, "Combustion, "Waste
disposal, Industries, Emissions, Solid waste disposal,
Ash, Leachates, Hazardous materials, Landfills, Litera-
ture surveys.
PB88-127972/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Characterization of MWC (Municipal Waste Com-
bustion) Ashes and Leachates from MSW (Munici-
pal Solid Waste) Landfills, Monofllls, and Co-Dls-
posal Sites. Volume 4. Characterization of Munici-
pal Waste Combustion Residues and Their Lea-
chates-A Literature Review. Final rept.
NUS Corp., Pittsburgh, PA.
Oct 87,106p" D-33-5-7-20-VOL-4, EPA/530/SW-87/
028D
Contract EPA-68-01-7310
See also Volume 3, PB88-127964 and Volume 5,
PB88-127960. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99, PB88-
127931.
The volume contains the results of a literature review
of the environmental effects of municipal waste com-
bustion residues and their leachates.
Keywords: "Municipal wastes, "Combustion, "Waste
disposal, Industries, Emissions, Solid waste disposal,
Ash, Leachates, Hazardous materials, Landfills, Litera-
ture surveys.
PB88-127980/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Characterization of MWC (Municipal Waste Com-
bustion) Ashes and Leachates from MSW (Munici-
pal Solid Waste) Landfills, Monofllls, and Co-Dis-
posal Sites. Volume 5. Characterization of Municf-
Ral Waste Combustor Residues. Draft rept. (Final).
US Corp., Pittsburgh, PA.
Oct 87,295p* EPA/530/SW-87/028E
Contract EPA-68-01-7310
See also Volume 4, PB88-127972, and Volume 6,
PB88-127998.Portions of this document are not fully
legible. Prepared in cooperation with Versar. Inc.,
Springfield, VA. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99, PB88-
127931.
The volume details the results of a field and analytical
program to investigate municipal combustor residues
at four ash monofills, including ash, field leachate, sim-
ulated leachates, quench waters and ground water.
Keywords: "Municipal wastes, "Combustion, "Waste
disposal, Industries, Emissions, Solid waste disposal.
Ash, Leachates, Hazardous materials, Landfills, Resi-
dues.
PB88-127998/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Characterization of MWC (Municipal Waste Com-
bustion) Ashes and Leachates from MSW (Munici-
pal Solid Waste) Landfills, MonofHIs, and Co-Ois-
posal Sites. Volume 6. Characterization of Lea-
chates from Municipal Waste Disposal Sites and
Co-Disposal Sites. Final rept.
NUS Corp., Pittsburgh, PA.
Oct 87,333p* D-33-5-7-21 -VOL-6, EPA/530/SW-87/
028F
Contract EPA-68-01-7310
See also Volume 5, PB88-127980 and Volume 7
PB88-128004.Portions of this document are not fully
legible. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99, PB88-
127931.
The volume contains the results of a field and analyti-
cal program to characterize leachates from four munic-
ipal waste disposal sites and two co-disposal sites.
Keywords: "Municipal wastes, "Combustion, "Waste
disposal, Industries, Emissions, Solid waste disposal
Ash, Leachates, Hazardous materials, Landfills.
PB88-128004/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Solid Waste.
Characterization of MWC (Municipal Waste Com-
bustion) Ashes and Leachates from MSW (Munici-
pal Solid Waste) Landfills, Monofills, and
posal Sites. Volume 7. Addendum to MonofNt
Report. Final rept.
NUS Corp., Pittsburgh, PA.
Oct 87, 23p* D-33-5-7-21 -VOL-7, EPA/530/SW-87/
028G
Contract EPA-68-01-7310
See also Volume 6, PB88-127998. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office
of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99, PB88-
127931.
The volume details the additional field investigation ac-
tivities conducted at the four ash monofills in which
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
analyses for selected conventional parameter from
leachate samples were completed.
Keywords: "Municipal wastes, 'Combustion, 'Waste
disposal, Industries, Emissions, Solid waste disposal,
Ash, Leachates, Hazardous materials, Landfills.
PB88-128178/HSU	PC A03/MF AOf
Risk Assessment, Management, Communication:
A Guide to Selected Source*. Third Update.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Information Management and Services Div.
Oct 87,27p* EPA/IMSD-87/002C
See also PB88-100102.
This is the third update to the March 1987 publication
entitled Risk Assessment, Management, Communica-
tion: A Guide to Selected Sources. The risk update
series is divided into three major sections: Assess-
ment, Management and Communications. The Update
includes citations published in July 1987. Beginning in
January 1988 updates to the Guide will be published
twice a year.
Keywords: 'Risk assessment, 'Toxic materials, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Pollutants, Chemical compounds,
Industrial wastes, Health hazards, Carcinogens, Toxic-
ity, Aerosols, Radioactive materials. Occupational
safety and health.
PB88-128665/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstration of Pesticide
Products Containing Amitraz as the Active Ingre-
dient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Oct 87,127p* EPA/540/RS-88/015
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Ecology, Standards, Regula-
tions, Manufacturing, Chemistry, Toxicology, Resi-
dues, 'Amitraz, 'Baam, Methenimidamlde/N-
(dimethylphenyl)N-((dimethylphenyl)-imino)-N-, Path
of pollutants.
PB88-129218/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Sulfur Dioxide-induced Bronchoconstriction In
Asthmatics Exposed for Short Durations under
Controlled Conditions: A Selected Review,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D. H. Horstman. Nov 87,31 p EPA/800/D-87/333
Prior to 1980, essentially no health related effects had
been observed for short-term ( < 1 hr) exposures to
sulfur dioxide (S02) levels similar to those found in the
ambient environment (= or < 1 ppm). In 1980 and 81,
the results from several studies indicated that asthma-
tics' airways were substantially more responsive to
S02 than those of nonasthmatic individuals and that,
when combined with moderate exercise, significant
bronchoconstriction resulted from exposures to as low
as 0.5 ppm S02. Since then, a multitude of reports re-
garding short-term exposure of asthmatics to low S02
levels have appeared in the literature. From these
studies, reflex bronchoconstriction, mast cell degranu-
lation and other, yet unidentified, mechanisms have
been implicated in the induction of response. A broad
range of responsiveness to S02 exists within the asth-
matic population. Precise knowledge of factors in-
volved in this variable responsiveness is lacking; differ-
ences in nonspecific airway sensitivity and severity of
disease have been suggested.
Keywords: 'Asthma, 'Sulfur dioxide, Exposure, Toxi-
cology, Respiratory diseases, Environmental health,
'Bronchoconstriction.
PB88-129481/HSU	CP T08
Development of the National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program (NAPAP) Emissions Inven-
tory, 1980: The Flexible Regional Emissions Data
System (Software, Allocation Factor Files, Periph-
eral Data Flies). Software,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. D. Mobley, and L. G.lebowitz. 1987, mag tape
EPA/600/7-87/025B, EPA/SW/MT-88/032
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products if you have questions. Price
includes documentation, PB88-129499.
The package contains documentation of the Flexible
Regional Emissions Data System (FREDS) for the
1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory, FREDS source
code, allocation factor files, and peripheral data files.
FREDS extracts emissions data, pertinent modeling
parameters (e.g., stack height, exhaust gas tempera-
ture, etc.) and source identification information from
Emissions Inventory System (EIS) Master File records
or preprocessed Statistical Analysis System (SAS)
files and applies appropriate temporal, spatial, and pol-
lutant species allocation factors to derive a gridded,
speciated, and temporally resolved emissions file suit-
able as input to regional scale atmospheric simulation
models (such as the Regional Acid Deposition and Re-
gional Oxidant Models). FREDS consists of five main
modules which are used to apply allocation factors to
the annual emissions data, plus peripheral software
used to ensure the quality of and maintain the alloca-
tion factor files. Separate programs are used to proc-
ess point and area sources. Each module requires a
user defined control options file. The five primary mod-
ules are the Model Data Extraction Module (MDEM),
the Temporal Allocation Module (TAM), the Speciation
Module (SM), the Spatial Allocation Module (SAM),
and the Model Input Preprocessor (MIP). To maximize
flexibility, FREDS allows the user to define and assign
emissions of up to 15 pollutants (referenced by
SAROAD code), the temporal scenario, spatial grid
origin and grid cell size, and the number and relation-
ship of pollutant subspecies. FREDS' modules are
written in the language of the Statistical Analysis
System...Software Description: The model is written in
the SAS programming language for implementation on
a IBM 3090 Computer using the OS/TSO operating
system. Memory requirement is 1536 K bytes.
Keywords: 'Software, 'Air pollution,
Precipitation(Meteorology), 'Acid rain, Emission fac-
tors, Allocation factors, Point sources, Area sources,
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program.
PB88-129499/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Flexible Regional Emissions Data System (FREDS)
Documentation for the 1980 NAPAP (National
Acid Precipitation Assesemsnt Program) Emis-
sions Inventory. Final rept.
Alliance Technologies Corp., Bedford, MA.
L. G. Lebowitz, and A. S. Ackerman. Nov 87,441 p
EPA/600/7-87/025A, EPA/SW/MT-88/032A
Contracts EPA-88-02-3997, EPA-68-02-4274
For system on magnetic tape, see PB88-129481.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lao.
The report documents the development of the Flexible
Regional Emissions Data System (FREDS) for the
1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory. FREDS extracts
emissions data, pertinent modeling parameters (e.g.,
stack height, exhaust gas temperature), and source
identification information and applies appropriate tem-
poral, spatial, and pollutant species allocation factors
to derive a gridded, speciated, and temporally resolved
emissions file suitable as input to regional-scale at-
mospheric simulation models (e.g., Regional Acid Dep-
osition Model, Regional Oxidant Model). FREDS con-
sists of five main modules (i.e., Model Data Extraction
Module, Temporal Allocation Module, Speciation
Module, Spatial Allocation Module, and Model Input
Preprocessor) which are used to apply allocation fac-
tors to the annual emissions data, plus peripheral soft-
ware used to ensure the quality of (and maintain) the
allocation factor files.
Keywords: 'Exhaust gases, 'Air pollution, 'Flue
gases, Documentation, Industrial wastes, Data proc-
essing, Regions, 'Air pollution control, Acid smut,
FRED system, Computer software, Software quality
control.
PB88-129556/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Methods for Assessing Exposure to Chemical
Substances. Volume 9. Methods for Estimating
Releases of Chemical Substances Resulting from
Transportation Accidents. Final rept.,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
J. Gartseff, W. C. Crenshaw, and P. D. Jennings. Dec
87,161 p EPA/560/5-85/009
Contract EPA-68-02-4254
See also Volume 8, PB87-107850. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office
of Toxic Substances.
The report presents methods for calculating expected
annual releases of manufactured chemicals resulting
from transportation accidents. The scope of the report
is limited to releases en route rather than leaks and
other releases at transportation terminals. A step-by-
step method of calculating annual quantity released
per mode of transportation is presented, and sources
and limitations of the supporting data are discussed in
detail. The method is suitable for comparing estimates
of annual releases of several chemicals or for compar-
ing releases by various modes of transportation for
one chemical. A statistical analysis of the Department
of Transportation (DOT) HAZMAT data base is includ-
ed as an appendix to the report.
Keywords: 'Leakage, 'Hazardous materials, 'Trans-
portation, 'Pollution, Accidents, Statistical analysis.
Estimates, Periodic variations, Comparison, Exposure,
Assessments, Waste disposal, 'Chemical com-
pounds, HAZMAT data base.
PB88-129564/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2,4,-
DB.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,28p EPA/600/X-84/201
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2,4-
DB was prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and As-
sessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste to support listings of hazardous constituents of
a wide range of waste streams under Section 3001 of
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. 2,4-DB
has been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An Ac-
ceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount of a
chemical to which humans can be exposed on a daily
basis over an extended period of time (usually a life-
time) without suffering a deleterious effect, for 2,4-DB
is .008 (mg/kg bw/day) for oral exposure.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, 'Carbofuran,
'Health risks, 'Environmental nealth, Toxic sub-
stances, Water pollution, CAS 94-82-6,2,4-DB, 4-(2,4-
dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid.
PB88-129572/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Mer-
hos.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,24p EPA/600/X-84/205
See also PB88-129580.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Mer-
phos was prepared by the Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous constitu-
ents of a wide range of waste streams under Section
3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sented provided sufficient data are available. Merphos
has been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An Ac-
ceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount of a
chemical to which humans can be exposed on a daily
basis over an extended period of time (usually a life-
time) without suffering a deleterious effect, for Mer-
phos is .0018 (mg/kg bw/day) for oral exposure.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, 'Carbofuran,
"Health risks, "Environmental health, Toxic sub-
stances, Water pollution, 'Merphos, Pharmacokine-
tics, Phosphorotrithious acid, CAS 150-50-5.
PB88-129580/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Mer-
phos Oxide.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84, 34p EPA/600/X-84/202
See also PB88-129572.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for mer-
phos oxide was prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous con-
stituents of a wide range of waste streams under Sec-
tion 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Mer-
phos oxide has been determined to be a systemic toxi-
cant. An Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the
amount of a chemical to which humans can be ex-
posed on a daily basis over an extended period of time
(usually a lifetime) without suffering a deleterious
effect, for merphos oxide is .0025 (mg/kg bw/day) for
oral exposure.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Hazardous ma-
tenals, Assessments, Carcinogens, 'Carbofuran,
Health risks, 'Environmental health, Toxic sub-
Water pollution. Pharmacokinetics, CAS 78-
48-8, Merphos, Phosphorotrithioic acids.
PB88-129598/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ben-
zenamine, 4,4'-Methylenebls.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84, 36p EPA/600/X-84/231
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for ben-
zenamine, 4,4'-methylene bis was prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Envi-
ronmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,
OH for the Office of Solid Waste to support listings of
hazardous constituents of a wide range of waste
streams under Section 3001 of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Both published liter-
ature and information obtained from Agency program
office files were evaluated as they pertained to poten-
tial human health, aquatic life and environmental ef-
fects of hazardous waste constituents. Quantitative
estimates have been presented provided sufficient
data are available. Benzenamine, 4,4'-methylene bis
has been evaluated as a carcinogen. The human car-
cinogen potency factor (q1') for benzenamine, 4,4'-
methylene bis is .25 (mg/kg bw/day)-1 for oral expo-
sure.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, 'Carbofuran,
"Health risks, 'Environmental health, Toxic sub-
stances, Water pollution, Pharmacokinetics, Benzena-
mine, 4,4-Methylenebisbenzenamine, CAS 101-77-9.
PB88-129606/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Profile for Busan 77.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,21 p EPA/600/X-84/228
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Busan 77 was prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous con-
stituents of a wide range of waste streams under Sec-
tion 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Exist-
ing data are insufficient to determine an Acceptable
Daily Intake (ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for
Busan77.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, 'Carbofuran,
'Health risks, 'Environmental health, Toxic sub-
stances, Water pollution, CAS 31512-74-0, "Busan 77,
Poly(oxyethylene(dimethylimino))-ethyl-
(dimethyllimino)-ethylenedichloride.
PB88-129614/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chlorobenzilate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,44p EPA/600/X-84/210
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for chlor-
obenzilate was prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous con-
stituents of a wide range of waste streams under Sec-
tion 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Chlor-
obenzilate has been evaluated as a carcinogen. The
human carcinogen potency factor (q1') for chloroben-
zilate is .17 (mg/kg bw/day) for oral exposure.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxicology, "Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, "Carbofuran,
"Health risks, 'Environmental nealth, Toxic sub-
stances, Water pollution, Pharmacokinetics, CAS 510-
15-6, 'Chlorobenzilate, Ethyl 4,4-dichlorobenzilate.
PB88-129622/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bro-
moxynil.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,30p EPA/600/X-84/204
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for bro-
moxynil was prepared by the Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous constitu-
ents of a wide range of waste streams under Section
3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Bromox-
ynil has been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount
of a chemical to which humans can be exposed on a
daily basis over an extended period of time (usually a
lifetime) without suffering a deleterious effect, for bro-
moxynil is .06 (mg/kg bw/day) for oral exposure.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, "Carbofuran,
'Health risks, 'Environmental health, Toxic sub-
stances, Water pollution, Pharmacokinetics, 'Bromox-
ynil, 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile, CAS 1689-84-
5.
PB88-129630/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Pen-
dlmethalin.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,27p EPA/600/X-84/211
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Pen-
dimethalin was prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous con-
stituents of a wide range of waste streams under Sec-
tion 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Pen-
dimethalin has been determined to be a systemic toxi-
cant. An Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the
amount of a chemical to which humans can be ex-
posed on a daily basis over an extended period of time
(usually a lifetime) without suffering a deleterious
effect, for Pendimethalin is .005 (mg/kg bw/day) for
oral exposure.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Toxicology, "Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, "Carbofuran,
"Health risks, "Environmental health, Toxic sub^
stances, Water pollution, Pendimethalin, CAS 40487-
42-1, N-(1 -ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitroben-
zeneamine.
PB88-130034/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
SMILES (Simplified Molecular Identification and
Line Entry System): A Line Notation and Comput-
erized Interpreter for Chemical Structurea. Envi-
ronmental research brief,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
E. Anderson, G, D. Veith, and D. Weininger. Aua 87 6o
EPA/600/M-87/021	^
Prepared in cooperation with Computer Sciences
Corp., Falls Church, VA.
A line notation syntax and software interpreter for
specifying chemical structures on small and large com-
puters is presented. The Simplified Molecular IdenlM-
cation and Line Entry System, SMILES, contains the
advantages of line notations for specifying structures
but avoids the complexity of rules found in notations
such as WLN. By encoding many chemical 'rules' into
the interpreter, SMILES can be used to define molecu-
lar topology with five simple conventions.
Keywords: 'Computer graphics, 'Molecular structure
Computer techniques, ^Chemical structures, SMILES'
Line notations.
PB88-130042/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Low-Cost/Low-Technology Aeration Techniques
tor Removing Radon from Drinking Water. Envi-
ronmental research brief,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
N. E. Kinner, C. E. Lessard, Q. S. Schell, and K. R. Fox
Sep 87, 9p* EPA/600/M-87/031
Prepared in cooperation with New Hampshire Univ.
Durham. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
Simple treatment techniques designed as low-cost/
low-technology aeration techniques were investigated
as to determine their effectiveness for the removal of
radon from drinking water. The techniques investigat-
ed consisted of flow through storage and minimal aer-
ation in various configurations and were found to be ef-
fective in varying degrees for the reduction of radon
These low-cost/low-technology aeration techniques
may be easily applied in small communities.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Water treatment, 'Aeration
ConcentrationJComposition), Removal, Communities'
Laboratories, Cost effectiveness, Storage, Fluid flow'
Distribution systems, Monitoring, 'Drinking water.
PB88-130059/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Review of UCR (University of Callfornla-Rlvervkto)
Protocol for Determination of OH (Hydroxyl Radi.
cals) Rate Constants with VOC (Volatile Organic
Chemicals) and Its Applicability to Predict Photo-
chemical Ozone Production,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. J. Bufalini, and R. R. Arnts. Nov 87,33p* EPA/600/
3-87/046
The experimental protocol for determining the rate
constants for reactions of hydroxyl radicals (OH) with
volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) as developed by the
University of California-Riverside group is evaluated.
Limits of detection and precision are discussed. The
protocol is to be used as a measure of die ozone form-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ing potential of a VOC; a compound with a high OH
rate constant also very often produces high levels of
ozone. Adaptations of the protocol for compounds
containing halogen atoms are suggested. The protocol
may not be applicable for compounds that do not
produce R02 and H02 radicals such as carbon disul-
fide. Also, compounds that are free radical scavengers
such as phenol, benzaldehyde and amines may not
give high levels of ozone even though they may have a
high rate of reaction with OH radicals. The long
chained paraffins also present problems with the pro-
tocol since the R02 radicals produced after reacting
with OH radicals in air do not oxidize NO to N02 but in-
stead combine with the NO to form nitrates. When this
occurs, it is recommended that the protocol be com-
plemented with smog chamber experiments in order to
establish the reactivities of VOCs.
Keywords: "Photochemical reactions, "Ozone, Atmos-
pheric chemistry, Protocols, Volatile organic com-
pounds, Hydroxyl radicals, "Rate constants.
PB88-130067/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Nonmethane Organic Carbon Concentrations In
Air Masses Advected Into Urban Areas in the
United States. Final rept.,
Washington State Univ., Pullman.
H. Westberg, and L. MacGregor. Nov 87, 309p* EPA/
600/3-87/045
Grant EPA-R-812208
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
The report describes recent aircraft sampling pro-
grams to measure nonmethane organic carton
(NMOC) levels aloft in the upwind vicinity of several
U.S. cities during the morning period of 0600 - 0900
A.M. The cities studied included Dalias-Ft. Worth,
Tulsa, Atlanta, Birmingham, Philadelphia, and New
York City. Individual hydrocarbon compounds were
measured using gas chromatographic procedures.
The organic carbonyl compounds were collected on
silica packed SEP-PAK cartridges impregnated with
2,4-dinitro phenyl hydrazine (DNPH) and analyzed by
HPLC. The data collected will be used in photochemi-
cal ozone models, such as OZIPP, to determine ozone
control strategies.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Gas analysis, Air
pollution, Urban areas, Advection, Chemical analysis,
•Air pollution detection, Air sampling.
PB88-130075/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for To-
luldlnee.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,77p EPA/600/X-84/151
See also PB88-130083.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Tolui-
dines was prepared by the Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous constitu-
ents of a wide range of waste streams under Section
3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. o-Tolui-
dine and p-toluidine have been evaluated as carcino-
gens. The human carcinogen potency factor (ql *) for
o-Toluidine is .24 per (mg/kg bw/day) and for p-tolui-
dine is .19 per (mg/kg bw/day) for oral exposure.
Quantitative estimates have been presented provided
sufficient data are available. Existing data are insuffi-
cient to determine an Acceptable Dally Intake (ADI) or
a carcinogenic potency factor for m-toluidine.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Toluidines, CAS 95-53-4.
PB88-130083/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1,1-
Dimethylhydrazine.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84, 62p EPA/600/X-84/134
See also PB88-130091.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1,1-
dimethylhydrazine was prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmen-
tal Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste to support listings of hazard-
ous constituents of a wide range of waste streams
under Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA). Both published literature and
information obtained from Agency program office files
were evaluated as they pertained to potential human
health, aquatic life and environmental effects of haz-
ardous waste constituents. Quantitative estimates
have been presented provided sufficient data are
available. 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine has been evaluated
as a carcinogen. The human carcinogen potency
factor (q1*) for 1,1-dimethylhydrazine is 8.7 per (mg/
kg bw/day) for oral exposure.
Keywords: "Dimethylhydrazines, "Toxicology, "Haz-
ardous materials, Assessments, Carcinogens, "Health
risks, "Environmental health, Toxic substances, Water
pollution.
PB88-130091/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Qamma-Butyrolactone.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84, 35p EPA/600/X-84/145
See also PB88-130109.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
gamma-butyrolactone was prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmen-
tal Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste to support listings of hazard-
ous constituents of a wide range of waste streams
under Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA). Both published literature and
information obtained from Agency program office files
were evaluated as they pertained to potential human
health, aquatic life and Environmental effects of haz-
ardous waste constituents. Quantitative estimates
have been presented provided sufficient data are
available. Existing data are insufficient to determine an
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) or a carcinogenic poten-
cy factor for gamma-butyrolactone.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Hazardous materials, Sol-
vents, Assessments, Carcinogens, "Butyrotactone,
"Health risks, "Environmental health. Toxic sub-
stances, Water pollution.
PB88-130109/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effect* Profile for Cy-
cloate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84, 28p EPA/600/X-84/144
See also PB88-130117.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for cy-
cloate was prepared by the Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous constitu-
ents of a wide range of waste streams under Section
3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Existing
data are insufficient to determine an Acceptable Daily
Intake (ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for cv-
cloate.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxicology, "Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, "Cycloate, "Health
risks, 'Environmental health, Toxic substances, Water
pollution.
PB88-130117/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Car-
bofuran.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84, 60p EPA/600/X-84/150
See also PB88-130125.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for car-
bofurans was prepared by the Office of Health and En-
vironmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous constitu-
ents of a wide range of waste streams under Section
3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Existing
data are insufficient to determine an Acceptable Daily
Intake (ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for car-
bofurans.
Keywords: "Pestioides, "Toxicology, "Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, "Carbofuran,
"Health risks, "Environmental health, Toxic sub-
stances, Water pollution.
PB88-13012S/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bro-
moethene (Vinyl Bromide).
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,35p EPA/600/X-84/143
See also PB88-130075.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for bro-
moethene was prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous con-
stituents of a wide range of waste streams under Sec-
tion 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Bro-
moethene has been evaluated as a carcinogen. The
human carcinogen potency factor (ql *) for bromoeth-
ene is. 11 per (mg/kg bw/day) for oral exposure.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, Vinyl bromide, Flame retardants,
"Health and Environmental Effects Profiles, 'Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act, Carcinogene-
sis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic substances, Phar-
macokinetics, "Bromoethanes.
PB88-130133/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Tropospherlc Ultraviolet Radiation: Assessment
of Existing Data and Effect on Ozone Formation.
Final rept. Mar 86-Jul 87,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
M. W. Gery, R. D. Edmond, and G. Z. Whitten. Nov 87,
202p* EPA/600/3-87/047
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab., and National Park Service, Denver, CO.
The study to determine the impacts of future changes
in stratospheric ozone and surface temperature on
urban air quality.was carried out in two parts. The first
part assesses the quality of existing ultraviolet data
and approaches available for using these data to de-
termine chemical photolysis rates. The second part in-
volves testing the photochemical model for a number
of urban data sets under conditions of decreased strat-
ospheric ozone and increased surface temperature.
The results of the study indicate an increase in ambi-
ent ozone, H202, and PAN concentration occur for
most cities with decreasing ozone column. An increase
in ambient temperature results in most cases with an
increase in oxidants. PAN, however, which Is tempera-
ture sensitive exhibits in many cases a decrease with
increasing ambient temperature.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Ultraviolet radiation, "Atmospheric chem-
istry, Urban areas, Photochemical reactions, Ozone,
Surface temperature, * Air quality.
PB88-130240/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Developments In National Weather Service Mete-
orological Data Collection Programs as Related to
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Air Pollu-
tion Models. Rept. for May 86-Oct 87,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
T. E. Pierce, and D. B. Turner. Nov 87,121p* EPA/
600/3-87/048
During the next decade, the National Weather Service
(NWS) will be upgrading its meteorological instrumen-
tation and data dissemination procedures. Because
these changes will affect the operation of the U.S. En-
vironmental Protection Agency's (EPA) air pollution
models, the project has been undertaken to report on
proposed changes and to recommend how to make
optimal use of the new NWS data products. New in-
strumentation will include automated surface observa-
tion systems, next generation radar, and remote pro-
filers. Data dissemination is being upgraded with an
automated weather interactive processing system.
Keywords: "Data processing, *Air pollution, 'Meteoro-
logical data, Mathematical models, Meteorological in-
struments, Weather observations, Meteorological
radar, Data acquisition.
PB88-130257/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Field Evaluation of In-sltu Blodegradatlon for Aq-
uifer Restoration. Interim rept. Oct 85-Oct 87,
Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
L. Semprini, P. V. Roberts, G. D. Hopkins, and D. M.
Mackay. Nov 87,66p* EPA/600/2-87/096
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
The in-situ remediation of aquifers contaminated with
halogenated aliphatic compounds is a promising alter-
native in efforts to protect ground water. The report
presents the experimental methodology and the initial
results of a field experiment evaluating the feasibility of
in-situ biotransformation of TCE and related com-
pounds. The method being tested relies on the ability
or methane-oxidizing bacteria to degrade these con-
taminants to stable end products. Tne test zone is a
shallow, confined aquifer located at the Moffett Naval
Air Station, Mountain View, California.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Aquifers, "Water pollution,
Biodeterioration, Field tests, Haloliydrocarbons, Al-
phatic hydrocarbons, Methane, Bacteria, Bromides. In-
jection wells, Restoration.
PB88-130281/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Roles of Models in the Forest Response Program,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A. R. Kiester. Nov 87,12pEPA/600/D-87/334
Prepared in cooperation with Pacific Northwest Forest
and Range Experiment Station, Corvallis, OR. Forestry
Sciences Lab.
The Forest Response Program is a US Environmental
Protection Agency and USDA Forest Service inter-
agency research program on the effects of acidic dep-
osition (acid rain') on trees and forests. The program
plans to use a diversity of models to accomplish sever-
al goals. Two primary goals are to understand the ef-
fects of sulfur and nitrogen deposition on trees and for-
ests and to be able to predict the response of trees
and forest to alternative deposition scenarios.
Keywords: 'Precipitation(Meteorology), "Forest trees,
"Air pollution, Mathematical models, Sulfur, Nitrogen,
Responses, Management, Computer systems pro-
grams, "Acid rain.
PB88-130992/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Fate of Cnromium (III) in Chlorinated Water,
Houston Univ., TX. Dept. of Civil Engineering.	
D Clifford, and J. M. Chau. Nov 87, 74p EPA/600/2-
87/100
Grant EPA-R-807939
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
930 Vol. 90, No. 24
The oxidation of trivalent chromium, Cr(lll), to the more
toxic Cr(VI) in chlorinated water is thermodynamically
feasible and was the subject of the study. The study
found that free available chlorine (FAC) readily con-
verts Cr(lll) to Cr(VI) at a rate that is highly dependent
upon pH, total organic carbon (TOC), and chloride
concentrations while combined chlorine (CAC) does
not oxidize Cr(lll). The highest oxidation rate occurs in
the 5.5-6.0 pH range. Tne aquatic humus in natural
water, however, inhibits while chloride concentration
catalyzes the rate of Cr(VI) formation. As expected, the
initial Cr(lll) oxidation rate increased with increasing
FAC concentration and Cr(lll) level. Monochloramine,
a form of CAC, did not oxidize Cr(lll) at any tested pH
between 6 and 8.5. The results suggest that the oxida-
tion of Cr(lll) and Cr(VI) would rarely occur to a signifi-
cant extent during drinking water chlorination because
of the presence of naturally occurring organics (TOC),
the low concentrations of Cr(lll) in natural waters, and
the probable removal of insoluble Cr(OH)3 during co-
agulation. However, in CR(lll)-contaminated waters
that are relatively tree of organic contamination and
have pH's in the 5-7 range, FAC readily converts Cr(lll)
to the more toxic hexavalent variety.
Keywords: "Water analysis, "Chlorination, Chemical
properties, Oxidation, Chemical analysis, "Water pollu-
tion detection.
PB88-131006/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Physics of Immiscible Flow In Porous Media. Final
rept. Oct 84-Oct 87,
Virginia Polytechnic Inst, and State Univ., Blacksburg.
J. C. Parker, R. J. Lenhard, and T. Kuppusamy. Nov 87,
149p EPA/600/2-87/101
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
Conceptual formulation, numerical implementation
and experimental validation of a model for the move-
ment of organic chemicals which are introduced into
soils as nonaqueous phase liquids via surface spills or
leakage from subsurface containment facilities were
addressed. Relationships between fluid pressures (P),
saturations (S) and permeabilities (k) were developed.
Relative permeability-saturation relations are predict-
ed from the scaled S-P function, which is assumed to
reflect the pore size distribution of the medium. Proce-
dures were developed for the direct measurement of
fluid pressures and saturations in three phase sys-
tems. Validation studies indicated the k-S-P model pro-
vides a reasonable description of the system behavior
under the imposed experimental conditions and may
be satisfactorily calibrated using relatively simple pro-
cedures.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Containment,
"Fluid infiltration, "Soils, "Water pollution, Mathemati-
cal models, Permeability, Pressure, Saturation, Ground
water, Subsurface investigations, Seepage, Chemical
spills. Path of pollutants.
PB88-131065/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methylhydrazlne.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,45p EPA/600/X-84/142
See also PB88-131073.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for meth-
ylhydrazine was prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous con-
stituents of a wide range of waste streams under Sec-
tion 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Meth-
ylhydrazine has been evaluated as a carcinogen. The
human carcinogen potency factor (ql *) for methylhy-
drazineis1.1 (mg/kg bw/day)-1 for oral exposure.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Environmental sur-
veys, "Toxicology, Methylhydrazlne, Exposure, Car-
cinogens, Mutagens, Toxicity, Risks, Public health,
Ecology, Transport properties, "Health risks, "Environ-
mental effects, "Toxic substances, Carcinogenesis,
Mutagenesis, Pharmacokinetics, Hazardous wastes
CAS 6034-4.
PB88-131073/HSU	PC A03/MF AOI
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Se-
lected Toluenediamlnes.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,42p EPA/600/X-84/148
See also PB88-131065.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Se-
lected Toluene Diamines was prepared by the Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH
for the Office of Solid Waste to support listings of haz-
ardous constituents of a wide range of waste streams
under Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA). Both published literature and
information obtained from Agency program office files
were evaluated as they pertained to potential human
health, aquatic life and environmental effects of haz-
ardous waste constituents. Quantitative estimates
have been presented provided sufficient data are
available. 2,5-Toluene diamine and 2,6-Toluene dia-
mine have been determined to be systemic toxicants.
An Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the
amount of a chemical to which humans can be ex-
posed on a daily basis over an extended period of time
(usually a lifetime) without suffering a deleterious
effect, for 2,5-Toluene diamine is 5.6x10-1 (mg/kg bw/
day) and for 2,6-Toluene diamine is 1.6x10-1 (mg/kg
bw/day) for oral exposure.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Environmental
survey, "Toxicology, Diamines, Exposure, Carcino-
gens, Mutagens, Toxicity, Risks, Public health, Ecolo-
gy, Transport properties, "Health risks, "Environmen-
tal effects, "Toxic substances, Carcinogenesis, Muta-
genesis, Pharmacokinetics, Hazardous wastes, CAS
25376-45-8.
PB88-131081/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Trini-
trophenols.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,43p EPA/600/X-84/141
See also PB88-131073.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for trini-
trophenols was prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Offkra
of Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous con-
stituents of a wide range of waste streams under Sec-
tion 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Exist-
ing data are insufficient to determine an Acceptable
Daily Intake (ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for
trinitrophenols.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Environmental sur-
veys, "Toxicology, Picric acid, Exposure, Carcinogens,
Mutagens, Toxicity, Risks, Public health, Ecology!
Transport properties, 'Health risks, 'Environmental ef-
fects, "Toxic substances, Carcinogenesis, Mutagene-
sis, Pharmacokinetics, Hazardous wastes, CAS 88-89-
PB88-131099/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for N,N-
Dlmethylurea.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,23p EPA/600/X-84/110
See also PB88-131081.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for N N-
dimethylurea was prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous con-
stituents of a wide range of waste streams under Sals
tion 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA). Both published literature and information
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Exist-
ing data are insufficient to determine an Acceptable
Daily Intake (ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for
N,N-dimethylurea.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Environmental sur-
veys, 'Toxicology, Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens,
Toxicity, Risks, Public health, Ecology, Transport prop-
erties, "Health risks, 'Environmental effects, 'Toxic
substances, Dimethylurea, Carcinogenesis, Mutagen-
esis, Pharmacokinetics, Hazardous wastes, CAS 598-
94-7.
PB88-131107/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1,2-
Dibromoethane.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,86p EPA/600/X-84/173
See also PB88-131099.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1,2-
dibromoethane was prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Crite-
ria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous
constituents of a wide range of waste streams under
Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act (RCRA). Both published literature and infor-
mation obtained from Agency program office files were
evaluated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Exist-
ing data are insufficient to determine an Acceptable
Daily Intake (ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for
1,2-dibromoethane.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Environmental sur-
veys, 'Toxicology, Bromides, Exposure, Carcinogens,
Mutagens, Toxicity, Risks, Public health, Ecology,
Transport properties, Additives, 'Health risks, 'Envi-
ronmental effects, "Toxic substances, Dibromide/Eth-
ylene, Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Pharmacokine-
tics, Hazardous wastes, CAS 106-93-4.
PB88-131115/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methyl Ethyl Benzenes.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84, 31 p EPA/600/X-84/149
See also PB88-131107.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methyl Ethyl Benzenes was prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmen-
tal Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste to support listings of hazard-
ous constituents of a wide range of waste streams
under Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA). Both published literature and
information obtained from Agency program office files
were evaluated as they pertained to potential human
health, aquatic life and environmental effects of haz-
ardous waste constituents. Quantitative estimates
have been presented provided sufficient data are
available. Existing data are insufficient to determine an
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) or a carcinogenic poten-
cy factor for Methyl Ethyl Benzenes.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Environmental sur-
veys, 'Toxicology. Exposure, Carcinogens. Mutagens,
Toxicity, Risks, Public health, Ecology, Transport prop-
erties, Solvents, 'Health risks, 'Toxic substances,
'Environmental effects, Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis,
Pharmacokinetics, Benzene/methyl-ethyl, Hazardous
wastes.
PB88-131123/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chrysene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84, 73p EPA/600/X-84/186
See also PB88-131115.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for chry-
sene was prepared by the Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous constitu-
ents of a wide range of waste streams under Section
3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Existing
data are insufficient to determine an Acceptable Daily
Intake (ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for chry-
sene.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Environmental sur-
veys, 'Toxicology, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Toxicity, Risks,
Public health, Ecology, Transport properties, 'Health
risks, 'Environmental effects, 'Toxic substances, Car-
cinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Pharmacokinetics, Hazard-
ous wastes, CAS 218-01-9.
PB88-131131/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Car-
baryl.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,105p EPA/600/X-84/155
See also PB88-131123.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for car-
baryl was prepared by the Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous constitu-
ents of a wide range of waste streams under Section
3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Carbaryl
has been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An Ac-
ceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount of a
chemical to which humans can be exposed on a daily
basis over an extended period of time (usually a life-
time) without suffering a deleterious effect, for carbaryl
is .096 (mg/kg bw/day) for oral exposure.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Pesti-
cides, Streams, Water pollution, 'Health and Environ-
mental Effects Prociles, 'Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act, Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily
Intake, Toxic substances, Pharmacokinetics, "Car-
baryl, Sevin, CAS 63-25-2.
PB88-131156/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1986.
Volume 7. Southern Illinois Region. Annual rept.,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
D, B. Mulr, D. F, Sefton, and J. Hawes. Oct 87,106p
IEPA/WPC/87-007G
See also Volume 6, PB88-131164, and PB87-160453.
Prepared in cooperation with Greater Egypt Regional
Planning and Development Commission, Carbondale,
IL.
The report is Vol. VII of a series of 7 reports summariz-
ing Illinois EPA's 1986 Volunteer Lake Monitoring Pro-
gram. It provides a program overview, summarizes re-
sults for 16 lakes in Southern Illinois, and discusses
lake/watershed management strategies. Nineteen vol-
unteers recorded total depth, Secchi disc transparen-
cy, and field observations for 16 lakes in Southern Illi-
nois between May and October, 1986. All 16 lakes
were artificial impoundments.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Lakes, Monitoring, Wa-
tersheds, Citizen participation, Transparence, Turbidi-
ty, Rivers, Illinois, Tables(Data), Trophic level, South-
ern region(lllinois).
PB88-131164/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1986.
Volume 6. Southwestern Illinois Region. Annual
rept.,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
M. E. Clement, D. F. Sefton, and J. Hawes. Sep 87,
68p IEPA/WPC/87-007F
See also Volume 7, PB88-131156, and PB87-160446.
Prepared in cooperation with Southwestern Illinois
Metropolitan and Regional Planning Commission, Col-
linsville.
The State of Illinois has over 2,900 lakes, six or more
acres in size. In addition to being valuable recreational
and ecological resources, many of these lakes provide
water for domestic, industrial and agricultural uses,
while others are important for flood control purposes.
The purpose of the Volunteer Lake Monitoring Pro-
gram is to involve volunteers with lake monitoring,
thereby providing effective public education as well as
a useful data base for site-specific and statewide lake
quality research. Federal, State and local agencies
have used the data collected to help assess the sever-
ity of water quality impacts from agricultural runoff and
target resources for water quality benefits.
Keywords: 'Lakes, 'Water pollution, Monitoring, Citi-
zen participation, Seasonal variations, Transparence,
Depth, Tables(Data), Illinois, Southern region(lllinois),
Water quality data.
PB88-131263/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Geosynthetic Design Guidance for Hazardous
Waste Landfill Cells and Surface Impoundments,
Soil and Material Engineers, Inc., Cary, NC.
G.N. Richardson, and R. M. Koerner. Dec 87,229p
EPA/600/2-87/097
Contract EPA-68-03-3338
Prepared in cooperation with Drexel Univ., Philadel-
phia, PA. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineer-
ing Research Lab.
The report provides guidance design procedures for
the use of geosynthetic materials in hazardous waste
land disposal cells. Primary geosynthetic components
include flexible membrane liners (FML) used to limit
the flow of leachate, and leachate collection and re-
moval systems (LCR) used to monitor for leakage and
to remove leachate from the system. Also presented is
design guidance for ancillary components including
ramps, interior berms, and standpipes. A design proce-
dure is developed for each of the potential failure
modes, based on calculation of field service condi-
tions. A Design Ratio (DR) is then calculated as the
ratio of the limiting performance of the component,
based on laboratory tests, to the actual performance
calculated for field conditions. Minimum Design Ratios
are recommended for each design procedure. Guide-
lines are also presented for evaluating the long-term
stability of each component. Factors that influence
stability are rhelogical properties, aging characteris-
tics, growth of microorganisms, and deformations due
to settlement. Chemical compatibility is not considered
in the document.
Keywords: 'Linings, 'Hazardous materials, "Earth fills,
"Waste disposal, Membranes, Design criteria, Perme-
ability, Fluid infiltration, Asphalts, Water pollution con-
trol, Ground water, Composite materials, Diffusion,
Soils, Reinforcing materials, Leachates, Geomem-
branes.
PB88-131271/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Technical Resource Document: Treatment Tech-
nologies for Halogenated Organic Containing
Wastes. Volume 1.
Alliance Technologies Corp., Bedford, MA.
N. Surprenant, T. Nunno, M. M. Kravett, and M. Breton.
Dec 87,424p EPA/600/2-87/098
Contract EPA-68-02-3997
See also Volume 2, P888-131289. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazard-
ous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
The halogenated organics technical resource docu-
ment (TRD) is one of a series of five TRDs that are
being prepared by the Hazardous Waste Engineering
Research Laboratory. It provides information that can
be used by environmental regulatory agencies and
others as a source of technical information describing
alternatives to the land disposal of nonsolvent haloge-
nated wastes. These alternatives include waste mini-
mization/recovery., treatment, and disposal of waste
streams. Although emphasis is placed on the presen-
tation of performance data for proven technologies, in-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
formation dealing with the applicability of other emerg-
ing technologies is presented as well. The treatment
technologies discussed in the TRD include biological
treatment as well as the following physical, chemical,
and thermal treatment technologies: Physical treat-
ment: (Distillation, Evaporation, Steam-stripping, Sol-
vent extraction, Carbon adsorption); Chemical treat-
ment: (Wet air oxidation, Supercritical water, UV/
ozone oxidation, Chemical dechlorination, In situ vitrifi-
cation); Thermal treatment: (Incineration, Molten
glass, Molten salt, Pyrolysis).
Keywords: "Halogen organic compounds, 'Waste
treatment, "Hazardous materials, Organic com-
pounds, Halohydrocarbons, Disposal, Physical treat-
ment, Chemical treatment, Thermal treatment. Techni-
cal resource documents.
PB88-131289/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Technical Resource Document: Treatment Tech-
nologies for Corrosive-Containing Wastes.
Volume 2,
Alliance Technologies Corp., Bedford, MA.
L. Wilk, S. Palmer, and M, Breton. Dec 87,448p EPA/
600/2-87/099
Contract EPA-68-02-3997
See also Volume 1, PB88-131271. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazard-
ous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
The Technical Resource Document (TRD) for wastes
containing corrosives is one in a series of five docu-
ments which evaluate waste management alternatives
to land disposal. In addition to this TRD for corrosive
wastes, the other four TRDs in the series address land
disposal alternatives for the following waste catego-
ries: dioxins; solvents; nonsolvent halogenated organ-
ics; and metals/cyanides. The purpose of these docu-
ments is to provide a comprehensive source of infor-
mation that can be used by environmental regulatory
agencies and others in evaluating available waste
management options, which include waste minimiza-
tion and recycling as well as treatment.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
Corrosive liquids, Dioxin, Cyanides.
PB88-131297/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Performance and Modeling of a Hot Potassium
Carbonate Acid Gas Removal System In Treating
Coal Gas,
North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh. Dept. of Chemical
Engineering.
J. K. Ferrell, J. S. Staton, and R. W. Rousseau. Nov 87,
164p EPA/600/7-87/023
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report discusses the performance and modeling
of a hot potassium carbonate (K2C03) acid gas re-
moval system (AGRS) in treating coal gas. Aqueous
solutions of K2C03, with and without amine additive,
were used as the acid gas removal solvent in the Coal
Gasification/Gas Cleaning Test Facility at North Caro-
lina State University. The AGRS consisted of a packed
absorption column, one or more flash tanks for inter-
mediate pressure reduction, and a packed stripping
column operated with a reboiler. The removal of C02,
H2S, COS, and other species from the crude coal gas
was studied, and data on the distribution of these
gases in regeneration exit streams were obtained. Op-
erating conditions for the selective removal of sulfur
species were also examined. A system model for
chemical solvents was developed and incorporated in
a simulation program. The model was based on mass
transfer rate of a key component, C02, with the as-
sumption that non-key reactive components affect the
equilibrium of the key component, but not its mass
transfer rate. The absorption and stripping of non-key
components were assumed to be controlled by equilib-
rium between the gas and liquid phases in these col-
umns. An isothermal flash model for chemical solvents
was also developed and included in the program.
Agreement between program predictions and pilot
plant data was good.
Keywords: 'Fuel gas, 'Coal gas, 'Gasification, Potas-
sium carbonates, Mathematical models, Amines, Sol-
vents, 'Air pollution control, Acid gas removal, Station-
ary sources.
PB88-131305/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Pollution Control Considerations for Low- and
Medium-BTU Coal Gasification Processes. Final
rept. Jun 86-Feb 87,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
W. E. Corbett, L. M. Erickson, and N. P. Meserole. Nov
87.133p EPA/600/7-87/024
Contract EPA-68-02-3137
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report contains a summary and an analysis of data
collected by the U.S. EPA from 1977 to 1981, which
relate to the characteristics of controlled and uncon-
trolled waste streams from low- and medium-Btu coal
gasification processes. The analysis focuses on the
key waste streams which are likely to require control in
a commercial coal gasification facility and identifies the
pollutants which will have the greatest impacts on pol-
lution control process selection, design, and/or per-
formance. It indicates key data gaps and areas of proc-
ess/performance uncertainty which should be consid-
ered by permit writers and reviewers of proposed envi-
ronmental monitoring plans.
Keywords: "Coal gasification, 'Pollution, Data sam-
pling, Monitors.
PB88-131313/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Manual of Procedures and Criteria for Inspecting
the Installation of Flexible Membrane Liners in
Hazardous Waste Facilities,
SCS Engineers, Inc., Long Beach, CA.
T. D. Wright, W. M. Held, J. R. Marsh, and L. R.
Hovater. Dec 87,177p EPA/600/8-87/056
Contract EPA-68-03-3247
Prepared in cooperation with Hovater Engineers,
Laguna Hills, CA. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engi-
neering Research Lab.
Under the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments
(HSWA) of 1984, certain landfills and surface im-
poundments are required to assure proper contain-
ment of wastes by use of liner systems. Proper installa-
tion of the flexible membrane liner (FML) must be fol-
lowed to ensure containment of wastes. The manual is
intended to assist an inspector in performing all as-
pects of a proper FML installation inspection. Four
types of FMLs are discussed in the manual: PVC,
CSPE, CPE, and HDPE. The manual addresses seven
installation operations. These operations include un-
loading and storage of FML, preparation and mainte-
nance of supporting surface placement of FML on the
supporting surface, seaming operations, anchoring
and sealing, testing, and covering the FML.
Keywords: 'Membranes, 'Hazardous materials,
"Earth fills, "Linings, Containment, Manuals, Installing,
Storage, Operations, Inspection, Recommendations,
Polyvinyl chloride. Addition resins, Chlorine organic
compounds, Polyvinyl chloride.
PB88-131354/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Guidance for the Reragistratlon of Pesticide
Products Containing Dichlorvos (DDVP) as the
Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 87, 330p* EPA/540/RS-88/016
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Pesticides, Phosphorus or-
ganic compounds, Standards, Regulations, Manufac-
turing Chemistry, Toxicology, Residues, Ecology,
'DDVP insecticide, Path of pollutants, Dichlorvos.
PB86-131362/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Acephate as the Active in-
redient.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 87, 468p* EPA/540/RS-88/017
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Registration, Residues, Ecol-
ogy, Phosphorus organic compounds, Standards,
Regulations, Manufacturing, Chemistry, Toxicology,
'Acephate, Path of pollutants.
PB88-131370/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Data Quality Objectives for Remedial Response
Activities: Development Process.
CDM Federal Programs Corp., Annandale, VA.
Mar 87,156p* EPA/540/G-87/003
Contract EPA-68-01-6939
See also PB88-131388. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office ol Solid
Waste and Emergency Response.
The Compendium provides Superfund Remedial
Project Managers (RPM), quality assurance officers,
and State officials with a consolidated ready reference
for all remedial field procedures at uncontrolled haz-
ardous waste sites. It is also intended to contribute to
improved consistency in field procedures among the
ten EPA Regions.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Chemical industry, De-
contamination, Hazardous materials. Water pollution,
Feasibility studies, 'Remedial action, Superfund.
PB88-131388/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Data Quality Objectives for Remedial Response
Activities: Example Scenario (RI/FS Activities at *
Site with Contaminated Soils and Ground Water).
CDM federal Programs Corp., Annandale, VA.
Mar 87,139p* EPA/540/G-87/004
Contract EPA-68-01 -6939
See also PB88-131370. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response.
The Compendium provides Superfund Remedial
Project Managers (RPM), quality assurance officers,
and State officials with a consolidated ready reference
for all remedial field procedures at uncontrolled haz-
ardous waste sites. It is also intended to contribute to
improved consistency in field procedures among-the
ten EPA Regions.
Keywords'. 'Waste disposal, 'Chemical industry. De-
contamination, Hazardous materials, Water pollution,
Feasibility studies, 'Remedial action, Superfund.
PB88-131511/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Risk Comparison between Groundwater
Transport Models and Field Data. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
S. T. Hwang. 1986, 0p EPA/600/J-86/424
Pub. in Environmental Progress, v5 n1 p66-70 Feb 86.
The potential of ground water contamination is one of
the major concerns over land disposal of hazardous
waste. Risk assessment requires information on
ground water concentrations of contaminants at the
exposure location. Results are presented of case stud-
ies comparing health risk assessment and plume delin-
eation based on state-of-the-modeling and monltorlnd
data.	*
Keywords: 'Groundwater, 'Hazardous materials, Mon
itoring, Assessments, Exposure, Water pollution'
Transport properties, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Ecotol
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
gy, Earth fills, Models, Reprints, "Health risks, "Toxic
substances, Land disposal, Environmental health, Car-
cinogenesis.
PB88-131529/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bro-
minated Diphenyl Ethers.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84, 41 p EPA/600/X-84/133
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bro-
minated diphenyl ethers was prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmen-
tal Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste to support listings of hazard-
ous constituents of a wide range of waste streams
under Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA). Both published literature and
information obtained from Agency program office files
were evaluated as they pertained to potential human
health, aquatic life and environmental effects of haz-
ardous waste constituents. Quantitative estimates
have been presented provided sufficient data are
available. Pentabromodiphenyl ether, Octabromodi-
phenyl ether and Decabromodiphenyl ether have been
determined to be systemic toxicants. An Acceptable
Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount of a chemical
to which humans can be exposed on a daily basis over
an extended period of time (usually a lifetime) without
suffering a deleterious effect, for Pentabromodiphenyl
ether is .00044 (mg/kg bw/day), for Octabromodi-
phenyl ether is .00062 (mg/kg bw/day) and for Deca-
bromodiphenyl ether is .01 (mg/kg bw/day) for oral ex-
posure.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, "Ethers, "Toxicology,
Streams, Water pollution, 'Health and environmental
effects profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recov-
ery Act, Carcinogenesis, Acceptable daily intake, Toxic
substances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Bromlnated diphenyl
ethers.
PB88-131750/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
National Toxicology Program: Review of Current
DHHS (Department of Health and Human Serv-
ices), DOE (Department of Energy), and EPA (En-
vironmental Protection Agency) Research Relat-
ed to Toxicology, Fiscal Year 1987.
National Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park,
NC.
Aug 87,366p* NTP-87-002
See also PB88-131743, and PB84-128651.
Five of the six Public Health Service agencies support
research related to toxicology. Within the National In-
stitutes of Health (NIH) alone, twelve separate insti-
tutes and several other components support relevant
research. Toxicology-related research is also conduct-
ed by other Federal agencies ~ particularly the Depart-
ment of Energy (DOE) and the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency (EPA). The review covers projections for
Fiscal Year 1987, made by September, 1986 and
based on the President's proposed budget. It repre-
sents responses by agencies of DHHS, and by DOE
and EPA, to requests by the Director of NTP for infor-
mation on agency programs in basic toxicology re-
search, toxicology testing, and toxicology methods de-
velopment.
Keywords: 'Research projects, 'Toxicology, "Re-
views, Organic compounds, Public health, Research
program administration, Test methods, National gov-
ernment, Inorganic compounds, Carcinogens, Drugs,
Food contamination, Disease vectors, Kidneys, UroTo-
?ical diseases, Noise pollution, Light(Visible radiation),
ables(Data), Occupational safety and health.
PB88-132105/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Chemistry of Wilderness Lakes in the Western
United States. Symposium paper,
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
J M Eilers, D. F. Brakke, D. H. Landers, and W. S.
Overton. Nov 87,28p EPA/600/D-87/338
Contract EPA-68-03-3248
Prepared in cooperation with Western Washington
Univ., Belllngham, and Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
A synopic survey of 719 lakes representing over
10,000 lakes in mountainous areas of the western U.S.
was conducted in autumn 1985. Nearly two-thirds of
the study lakes were located in wilderness areas or na-
tional parks. The lake selection process employed a
stratified design with equal allocation of samples
among strata, thus allowing chemical characteristics of
lake subpopulations within the five subregions of the
West to be estimated with known precision. The re-
sults of a comparability study of 45 wilderness lakes
accessed by helicopter and ground crews indicated
that the data were generally indistinguishable, making
it possible to use data from lakes sampled by ground
crews without modification. Wilderness lakes had
lower acid neutralizing capacity (ANC), base cations,
sulfate, and dissolved organic carbon than nonwilder-
ness lakes throughout the West. The highest estimat-
ed number and percentages of low ANC wilderness
lakes were located in California; the lowest number
was located in the Southern Rockies.
Keywords: "Lakes, "Chemical analysis, "Waterquality,
Sampling, Environmental surveys, Hydrology, Acidifi-
cation, Water chemistry, Western United States, Envi-
ronmental monitoring.
PB88-132113/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Biochemical Mechanisms of 'In vitro' Chloropro-
panone Toxicity,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
B. A. Merrick, J. R. Meier, C. L. Smallwood, D. L.
McKean, and L. W. Condie. Nov 87,24p* EPA/600/D-
87/339
Mono- and multiple-chlorinated propanones constitute
a substantial portion of haloketones which have been
identified as by-products of chlorination of humic sub-
stances or wood kraft pulp. Studies were conducted to
compare the chemical reactivity and cytotoxicity of
three representative chloropropanones: monochloro-
propanone (MCP), 1,1-dichioropropanone (1,1-DCP)
and 1,3-dichloropropanone (1,3-DCP). It was found
that chloropropanones reacted with the sulfhydryl, glu-
tathione (QSH), without a metabolic activation system.
The rate of reaction of chloropropanones with GSH in
0.1M phosphate buffer increased frompH 6 to 8 with
the following order of reactivity: 1,3-DCP > MCP >
1,1-DCP. Biochemical studies with rat liver cytosol
showed that MOP and 1,1-DCP were substrates for
GSH S-transferase but enzymatic conjugation could
not be determined for 1,3-DCP. All chloropropanones
were cytotoxic in rat hepatocyte suspensions in the
millimolar range with a concomitant decrease in cellu-
lar GSH. These results suggest that cytotoxicity pro-
duced by chloropropanones probably results from re-
action with cellular sulfhydryl groups in which chemical
reactivity and GSH conjugation of chloropropanones
may determine relative toxicity of isomers.
Keywords: "Toxicology, In vitro analysis, Bioassay,
Biochemistry, Haloketones, 'Chloropropanone.
PB88-132121/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Development ot the 1980 NAPAP (National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program) Emissions In-
ventory. Final rept. Jan 85-Oot 86,
Alliance Technologies Corp., Bedford, MA.
J. K. Wagner, R. A. Walters, L. J. Maiocco, and 0. R.
Neal. Dec 86,453p GCA-TR-86-12-G, EPA/DF/MT-
88/033,, EPA/600/7-86/057A
Contracts EPA-68-02-3997, EPA-68-02-4274
For system on magnetic tape, see PB88-137138
through PB88-137427. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report documents the development of the 1980
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
(NAPAP) Emissions Inventory. The current version of
the annual inventory, Version 5.0, and the related Ver-
sion 5.2 Eulerian Modeling Inventory and Version 5.3
Regional Oxidant Modeling Inventory represent the
most comprehensive, highest quality emissions data
available for the 1980 base year. The inventory spans
the 48 contiguous U.S. states and 10 Canadian prov-
inces, providing detailed point source data for over
14,000 plants and area source information by source
category for 3,070 U.S. counties. Canadian area
source data are reported at the province level. Emis-
sions from 11 pollutants (S02, S04, NOx, Pb, CO, HCI,
HF, NH3, TSP, VOC, and THC) are included in the 5.0
Inventory; in the 5.2 Modeling Inventory, pollutants are
disaggregated into 38 classes. Version 5.0/5.2 emis-
sions of S02, NOx, and VOC are 32.1, 24.4, and 26.2
million tons/yr, respectively. Summaries of emissions
data are presented at various levels of aggregation in-
cluding nation, EPA region, state/province, and source
category. Emissions data are also analyzed by plant
size, stack height, and general source type, and emis-
sions variations are examined on seasonal and daily
bases. The Version 5 Inventory represents the last of a
series of NAPAP inventory efforts for base year 1980.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Exhaust emissions, "Elec-
tric utilities, Inventories, Sources,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen
oxides, "Acid rain, National Acid Precipitation Assess-
ment Program.
PB88-132188/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Determination of a Chlorinated Furanone (MX) in
Treated Water,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. W. Munch, W. E. Coleman, P. A. Hodakievic, W. H.
Kaylor, and J. R. Meier. Nov 87,17p EPA/600/D-87/
343
A potent mutagen, 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-
hydroxy2(5H)-furanone (MX) has been identified in
three chlorinated drinking waters in the United States.
It has also been identified in two chlorinated drinking
waters by investigators in Finland. MX appears to ac-
count for a significant proportion of the total mutage-
nicity of these samples, as measured in the Ames test
using strain TA100 without metabolic activation. Inves-
tigations into the products of chlorination of humic
acids, which occur naturally in drinking water, indicate
that this is the probable source of MX in chlorinated
waters. The Health Effects Research Laboratory
(HERL) has analyzed drinking water samples for MX
by first concentrating organics using XAD resins, iso-
lating a strong acid fraction using extraction tech-
niques, and fractionating the strong acids using HPLC.
HPLC fractions containing MX were analyzed by the
Ames test and by capillary column GC/MS. Mutage-
nicity levels determined by the Ames assay were cor-
related with the amount of MX present as quantified by
GC/MS. The data presented here show the reproduc-
ibility of the method and the average recovery of MX
from spiked drinking water concentrates.
Keywords: "Chlorination, "Water treatment, "Potable
water, Mutagens, Humic acids, Furans, Toxicity, Water
pollution, Sampling, Toxic substances, 3-chloro-4-(di-
cloromethyl)-5-hydroxy2(5H)-furanone(MX).
PB88-132196/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Combustion Engineering's Furnace Sorbent Injec-
tion Programs for S02 Control,
Combustion Engineering, Inc., Windsor, CT.
R. W. Koucky, M. R. Gogineni, and J. L. Marion. Nov
87,25p* EPA/600/D-87/342
Contract EPA-68-02-4224
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
Th« paper discusses three Combustion Engineering
programs relating to the furnace sorbent injection
process, a low-cost method for controlling sulfur diox-
ide (S02) emissions from tangentially fired, coal burn-
ing boilers. The programs are: (1) pilot-scale investiga-
tions in the laboratory, (2) a prototype-scale program in
a 65 MW utility boiler, and (3) a demonstration-scale
program in a 180 MW utility boiler. A primary applica-
tion of the technology is for retrofitting existing boilers
in response to expected U.S. legislation for control of
acid rain. In the process, the sorbent, usually calcium
hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) or limestone (CaC03), is injected
above the flame zone where it mixes with flue gas con-
taining S02. The S02 reacts chemically in the upper
furnace with lime (CaO), formed from the sorbent, to
make solid calcium sulfate (CaS04). The CaS04 is re-
moved with fly ash in existing particulate control equip-
ment.
Keywords: "Sulfur oxides, "Sorbents, "Carbonates,
"Hydrates, Coal, Combustion, Emission, "Air pollution
control, Stationary sources.
PB88-132204/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Selecting Sites for Comparison with Created Wet-
lands. Symposium paper,
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
B. Abbruzzese, A. B. Allen, S. Henderson, and M. E.
Kentula. Nov 87, 23p EPA/600/D-87/337
Contract EPA-68-03-3246
Presented at a symposium held at Alberta, Canada on
Aug 23-27,1987. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmen-
tal Research Lab., OR.
The paper describes the method used for selecting
natural wetlands to compare with created wetlands.
The results of the selection process and the advan-
tages and disadvantages of the method are discussed.
The random site selection method required extensive
field work and may have yielded fewer sites with po-
tential for long term comparison than a more subjec-
tive approach. However, valuable information was de-
rived on trends in wetland loss and public attitudes
toward government research. Most important, the
method provided a statistically defensible means of
obtaining a set of sites. The data from the pilot study
will estimate the variability of natural wetlands within
the ecoregion. Analysis of the variability between ecor-
egions will be possible with similar studies in other
areas of the country. The studies will give EPA a
framework for setting standards for wetland creation
and restoration.
Keywords: "Site surveys, Ecology, Vegetation, Soils,
Water supply, Topography, "Wetlands, Ecosystems.
PB88-132212MSU	PC A03/MF A01
Role of EPA's (Environmental Protection Agen-
cy's) Office of Research and Development in the
Standard Setting Process for Drinking Water.
Symposium paper,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. M.Clark. Nov87,18p* EPA/600/D-87/341
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's)
mission is to administer specific Federal legislation
that is intended to control and abate adverse impacts
of pollution on the human environment. Office of Re-
search and Development (OR&D) supports develop-
ment of drinking water regulation in five areas: devel-
opment of criteria documents; control technology;
health effects; monitoring and methods; and ground-
water. In addition to the formal management function
of research (research committees) OR&D maintains
informal liaison with the Office of Drinking Water
through workgroups. An example of this liaison is the
Disinfection by-products workgroup.
Keywords; "Water pollution, Regulations, Monitoring,
Ground water, Disinfection, Public health, Water pollu-
tion control, "Drinking water.
PB88-132220/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Individual Variability in the Magnitude of Acute
Respiratory Responses to Ozone Exposure,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
W. F. McDonnell. Nov 87,34p EPA/600/D-87/335
Individuals differ widely in the magnitude of their acute
respiratory responses to ozone exposure. These dif-
ferences have been shown to be quite reproducible,
indicating that they are the result of differences in in-
trinsic responsiveness to ozone. This difference in re-
sponsiveness is of significance because the ambient
ozone concentration in several urban areas frequently
exceeds levels at which some individuals experience
acute health effects. The purpose of this paper is to
describe the distributions of the individual changes in
lung function as a consequence of ozone exposure
and to discuss the potential sources of and the impli-
cations of this variability in acute responsiveness to
ozone exposure.
Keywords: "Ozones, "Toxicology, Respiratory system,
Responses, Urban areas, "Air pollution
effects(Humans), Lung function tests.
PB88-132238/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effects of Chlorpyrlos on Macrolnvertebrates in
Littoral Enclosures,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
D. A. Jensen, and J. C. Brazner. Nov 87,14p EPA/
600/D-87/336
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Univ.-Superi-
or.
934 Vol. 90, No. 24
Aquatic enclosures constructed in the littoral zone of a
0.72 ha pond in central Minnesota, were used to evalu-
ate the impact of a mosquito larvicide chlorpyrifos on
endemic macroinvertebrats communities. Chlorpyrifos
was acutely toxic to several macroinvertebrates at a
peak concentration of 17.3 micrograms/l. Midge (Chir-
onomidae), mayfly (Caenis sp.) caddisfly (Leptocerus
americanus) and damselfly (Enallagma hageni) popu-
lations were reduced or eliminated after application.
However, oligochaete, snail, ostracod and clam popu-
lations increased in the treatment enclosure by the
end of the experiment. The littoral enclosure design
proved to be an effective technique for evaluating pri-
mary (acute) effects of a pesticide on a natural pond
ecosystem, and should be readily adaptable to more
complex experimental designs requiring replication of
experimental units and longer-term studies.
Keywords: "Culcidae, Invertebrates, "Insecticides,
"Toxicity, Concentration(Composition), Diptera, Popu-
lations, Worms, Exposure, Bioassay, Pesticides,
Clams, Ponds, Chloropyrifos, Ecosystems.
PB88-132246/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Recent Advances in the Detection of Human Vi-
ruses in Drinking Water,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. J. Hurst, and R. E. Stetler. Nov 87,29p* EPA/600/
D-87/344
Simultaneous adsorption of poliovirus type 1 and the
bacterial viruses f2 and OX 174 onto electropositive
and electronegative membrane filters was studied at
pH levels ranging from 3.5 to 8.5. Binding of viruses to
the filters was generally better at pH 3.5 as opposed to
the higher pH levels. Recovery of adsorbed viruses
from the filters was studied utilizing as eluants a beef
extract solution, and imidazole-buffered solutions of
NaCI, NaCI containing Tween 80, and EDTA contain-
ing Tween 80. Efficiency of viral recovery by the com-
bined membrane filter adsorption-elution procedure
ranged from 0 to 61 percent. In a comparison of cyto-
pathogenicity, immunofluorescence and in-situ DNA
hybridization for the detection of indigenous viruses
present in concentrated environmental samples, it was
demonstrated that the detection efficiencies of the first
two techniques were similar and not statistically differ-
ent from one another. The efficiency of viral detection
by in-situ DNA hybridization averaged 40 percent
greater than that achieved by the other two tech-
niques, and this difference was statistically significant.
Keywords: "Viruses, "Potable water, Microorganisms,
Detection, Bacteria, "Water pollution detection,
"Drinking water.
PB88-132253/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Impaired Gamete Function: Implications for Re-
productive Toxicology,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. D. Perreault. Nov 87.31 p* EPA/600/D-87/346
The invited symposium chapter reviews methods for
evaluating sperm function in laboratory rodents and
humans, and presents strategies for incorporating
both in vivo and in vitro fertilization assessments into
reproductive toxicology studies. The EPA Program Of-
fices may encounter the type of data, especially as it
appears in mechanistic studies, and the chapter pro-
vides information which is helpful in the interpretation
of the data and its application in risk assessment.
Keywords: "Reproduction(Biology), "Toxicology, "Ga-
metes, Fertility, In vivo analysis, In vitro analysis, Risk
assessment.
PB88-132281/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effects of Breathing Ordinary Air at 1 and 5 At-
mospheres Pressure: CNS (Central Nervous
System) Effects,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
V. A. Benignus. Nov 87,31 p EPA/600/D-87/347
The neural and behavioral effects of breathing hyper-
baric air are reviewed. The effects of oxygen toxicity
and inert gas intoxication are reviewed separately and
then the combined effects are discussed. Data from
the literature are critically reviewed and then used to
construct rough dose-effects functions. The review is
limited to pressures of less than 5 atmospheres.
Keywords: "Respiration, "Hyperbaric oxygenation.
"Physiological effects, "High pressure tests, Toxicity,
Rare gases, Neurology, Environmental tests.
PB88-132519/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
National Atmospheric Deposition Program/Na-
tional Trends Network (NADP/NTN) Site Visitation
Program: Summary Report for the Period Decem-
ber 1984 through September 1986,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NO.
W. C. Eaton, E. L. Tew, C. E. Moore, and D. A. Ward.
Nov 87,153p EPA/600/4-87/036
Contracts EPA-68-02-3767, EPA-68-02-4125
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The proper collection of precipitation and the accurate
measurement of its constituents are important steps in
attaining a better understanding of the distribution and
effects of 'acid rain' in the United States. One of
NAPAP Task Group IV's major programs concerns
Wet Deposition monitoring. The document is a sum-
mary report of the findings from the 1985-1986 Site
Visitation Program to the 195 sites that comprise the
National Atmospheric Deposition Program and Nation-
al Trends Network precipitation networks, referred to
collectively as the NADP/NTN network.
Keywords: "Acidification, 'Precipitation(Meteorology),
"Air pollution, "Water pollution, Monitoring, Trends,
Sites, Laboratories, Instructions, Rain gages, pH, Col-
lecting methods.
PB88-132576/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Environmental Methods Testing Site: Users' Quid*
(RE-ANNOUNCEMENT of PB87-202412 - see notes
field for explanation),
Nevada Univ., Las Vegas.
C. K. Fitzsimmons. Jun 87,111p" EPA/600/8-87/023
RE-ANNOUNCEMENT of PB87-202412 with correct-
ed report number. Sponsored by Environmental Moni-
toring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The Environmental Methods Testing Site (EMTS)
Project is being conducted by the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency with the cooperation of the state of
Georgia, the state of Tennessee, Hamilton County,
Tennessee, and the city of Chattanooga. The concept
is to establish one well-characterized site, designated
as the Chattanooga Metropolitan Statistical Area, at
which to conduct a series of studies designed to im-
prove environmental monitoring methods and meth-
ods for assessing human exposure to toxic substances
in the environment. The project, planned to span a 5-
to 15-year period, is being conducted in support of the
Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976. The Chattanoo-
ga area is well suited as a site to conduct human expo-
sure methodology studies. Site users have the support
of local government and of EMTS Project participants
who provide a management team, information gather-
ing services, computerized data management and
analysis, and quality assurance assistance. The Chat-
tanooga area provides a hospitable climate, a popula-
tion and geographical size allowing statistically valid
sampling of subpopulations, isolation from other cities,
a diverse industrial base, a large existing data base,
and modern technical and logistical support facilities.
Keywords: "Toxic substance, Exposure, Data process-
ing, Humans, "Environmental monitoring, Toxic Sub-
stances Control Act of 1976.
PB88-132800/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
National Wetlands Research Center, Slidell, LA.
Ecology of Patterned Boreal Peatlands of North,
ern Minnesota: A Community Profile,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. LimnologicaJ Research
Center.
P. H. Glaser. Jun 87,110p CONTRIB-311,
BIOLOGICAL-85(7.14)
Library of Congress catalog card no. 87-600226
Sponsored by National Wetlands Research Center
Slidell, LA., and Environmental Protection Agencv
Washington, DC.	*'
The publication reviews the ecological information
available for patterned boreal peatlands in Northern
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
peatlands, the physical settings in which they exist,
and the processes leading to their development on the
landscape. Hydrology, water chemistry, and nutrient
cycling in bogs and fens are discussed. The plant com-
munities unique to these types of wetlands, their suc-
cessional trends, and the animal communities inhabit-
ing them are also described. The profile closes with a
summary of past human impacts on peatlands and
recommendations for future management.
Keywords: 'Fresh water biology, "Peat, Minnesota,
Hydrology, Swamps, Land forms, Plants(Botany), Ver-
tebrates, Vegetation, Forestry, 'Wetlands.
PB88-132881/HSU	PC A25/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Household Solvent Products: A National Usage
Survey. Final rept. Oct 84-Jul 87,
Battelle Columbus Div., Washington, DC.
D. Eisenhower. Jul 87, 590p EPA/OTS/560/5-87/005
Contract EPA-68-02-4243
See also PB88-132899. Prepared in cooperation with
Westat, Inc., Rockville, MD. Research Div. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
The study was conducted to provide usage information
on 32 categories of common household and automo-
tive products which were thought to contain methylene
chloride or its substitutes. Respondents were selected
using a random digit dialing procedure, were contacted
by telephone to get their consent and address, and
were then sent a mail questionnaire which included
product pictures. Nonrespondents were followed up
with a telephone interview. The main objective was to
acquire usage statistics for each product that can be
used to calculate exposure assessments. These
usage statistics included frequency, duration and
amount of use, location of use, brand names used, and
protective measures undertaken while using the prod-
uct. Some major findings follow. Respondents used an
average of seven of the 32 products in their lifetime
and five during the last year. Contact cements, superg-
lues and spray adhesives were used most frequently
and brake quieters/cleaners, gasket removers and
transmission cleaners were used least frequently. Du-
ration of use was longest for paint removers/strippers,
adhesive removers and wood stains, varnishes and
finishes, and duration was shortest for ignition/wire
dryers, spray shoe polish, and typewriter correction
fluid. Most respondents reported having a window or
door open but did not have a fan on while using prod-
ucts, and most reported that they read directions on
the product labels before use. Finally, usage of the
products decreases with increasing age.
Keywords: 'Solvents, "Methylene chloride, "Chloro-
carbons, Chlorine organic compounds, Surveys,
"Toxic substances, Ethane/trichloro, Ethylene/trich-
loro, Ethylene/tetrachloro, Carbon tetrachloride,
Ethane/trichlorotrifluoro, "Toxic substances, "House-
hold product testing.
PBS8-132899/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Household Solvent Products: A 'Shelf Survey
with Laboratory Analysis. Final rept. Oct 84-Jul 87,
Battelle Columbus Div., Washington, DC.
D. M. Maklan, D. H. Steele, S. K. Dietz, G. L. Brown,
and S. Fallah. Jul 87,217p EPA/OTS/560/5-87/006
Contract EPA-68-02-4243
See also PB88-132881. Prepared in cooperation with
Westat, Inc., Rockville, MD. Research Div., and Mid-
west Research Inst., Kansas City, MO. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
The study was conducted to provide information on
the incidence and concentration of six chlorocarbons
in common household products. The objectives of the
study were to: (1) determine which categories of con-
sumer products contain the chemical methylene chlo-
ride and/or five potential substitute solvents (1,1,1-
trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene,
carbon tetrachloride, and 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroeth-
ane); and (2) analyze brands representing each prod-
uct category to determine the concentration of these
chemicals in household products. A national sample of
household products was selected and laboratory
tested to determine the incidence and concentration of
the six target chlorocarbons. The following are some
of the major findings. Fifty-eight percent of the 67
product categories had at least one brand test positive
for one or more of the target analytes. Thirty-four per-
cent of the 1,026 brands tested positive for at least
one of the six target chlorocarbons. Thirty-four percent
of the brands tested positive for methylene chloride,
14 percent tested positive for 1,1,1-trichloroethane,
and less than 4 percent of the brands were positive on
any of the remaining four chlorocarbons. The concen-
tration of analyte varied considerably between brands
of the same product category. Only 56 percent of the
brands with chlorocarbons were so labeled.
Keywords: 'Solvents, 'Methylene chloride, 'Chloro-
carbons, Chlorine organic compounds, Surveys,
'Toxic substances, Ethane/trichloro, Ethylene/trich-
loro, Ethylene/tetrachloro, Carbon tetrachloride,
Ethane/trichlorotrifluoro, 'Toxic substances, 'House-
hold product testing.
PB88-132907/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Methods for Estimating On-Slte Ambient Air Con-
centrations at Disposal Sites. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
S. T. Hwang. 23 Feb 87, 7p EPA/600/J-87/109
Pub. in Nuclear and Chemical Waste Management, v7
p95-98 Jun 87.
Currently, Gaussian type dispersion modeling and
point source approximation are combined to estimate
the ambient air concentrations of pollutants dispersed
downwind of an areawide emission source, using the
approach of virtual point source approximation. The
Gaussian dispersion modeling becomes less accurate
as the receptor comes closer to the source, and be-
comes inapplicable for the estimation of on-site ambi-
ent air concentrations at disposal sites. Partial differ-
ential equations are solved with appropriate boundary
conditions for use in estimating the on-site concentra-
tions in the ambient air impacted by emissions from an
area source such as land disposal sites. Two vari-
ations of solution techniques are presented, and their
predictions are compared.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, 'Hazardous wastes, 'Air
pollution, Dispersions, Emission, Respiration, Toxicity,
Contamination, Normal density functions, Estimating,
Environmental engineering, Reprints.
PB88-132915/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Effects ot Breathing Air Containing Contaminants
Such as C02, CO and Hydrocarbons at 1 and 5 At-
mospheres,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
V. A. Benignus. Nov 87,69p EPA/600/D-87/348
The neural and behavioral effects of air contaminants
such as C02, CO and hydrocarbons are reviewed.
Each contaminant or contaminant class is reviewed
separately and then an attempt is made to estimate ef-
fects of combinations of contaminants. The effects are
reviewed for both normobaric and hyperbaric condi-
tions. Rough dose-effects curves were constructed
from data found in the literature.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Public health, Contami-
nants, Exposure, Toxicity, Carbon dioxide, Carbon
monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Nervous system disorders,
Human behavior, Physiological effects, Dosage, "Air
pollution effects(Humans).
PB88-132923/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Estimation of Multimedia Exposures Related to
Hazardous Waste Facilities. Symposium paper,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
S. T. Hwang, and J. W. Falco. Jan 86,38p EPA/600/
D-87/340
Pub. in Conference Proceedings, Workshop on Pollut-
ant Transport and Accumulation in a Multimedia Envi-
ronment, p229-2641986.
Soil contamination often results from improper land
disposal, storage, treatment, and spills of hazardous
waste in liquid or solid form. In order to properly ad-
dress the levels of pollutants up to which contaminat-
ed soil needs to be cleaned, it is necessary to estimate
the magnitude of human exposure for each likely expo-
sure pathway. The procedure developed for estimating
the level of pollutant cleanup from soil relates to (1)
identification of exposure pathways, (2) exposure as-
sessment to estimate pollutant intakes by humans
from each pathway, and (3) the use of health effects
data to estimate the acceptable exposure levels.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Wastes, "Pollution,
Exposure, Public health, Contamination, Soils, Waste
disposal, Waste treatment, Storage, "Hazardous
wastes, 'Soil contamination, Environmental exposure
pathway, Path of pollutants, Hazardous materials
spills.
PB88-133558/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
FGETS (Food and Gill Exchange of Toxic Sub-
stances): A Simulation Model for Predicting
Bioaccumulation of Nonpolar Organic Pollutants
by Fish,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
M. C. Barber, L. A. Suarez, and R. R. Lassiter. Dec 87,
54p EPA/600/3-87/038
A model for the bioaccumulation of nonpolar, nonme-
tabolized organic chemicals by fish is described. The
model, FGETS, simulates thermodynamically driven
chemical exchange by fish assuming either aqueous
exposure only or joint aqueous and food chain expo-
sure. Parameterization of the model incorporates alio-
metric relationships between the fish's body weight
and its gill and intestinal surface areas, lipid content of
the fish, and physico-chemical properties of the chemi-
cal (i.e., molecular weight, melting point, and n-octa-
nol/water partition coefficient). The model is validated
ol organic chemicals by rainbow trout (Salmo gaird-
neri). An application of the model describing the bioac-
cumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls by Lake Michi-
gan lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) also is present-
ed.
Keywords: "Fish, Organic compounds, Models, Chem-
ical properties, Physical properties, Contaminants,
Toxicology, Ecology, Trout, 'Bioaccumulation, "Toxic
substances, Food and gill exchange of toxic sub-
stances, Polychlorinated biphenyls.
PB88-133566/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Reclamation of Aluminum Finishing Sludges. Rept.
for Sep 82-Apr 87,
Georgia Teen Research Corp., Atlanta.
F. M. Saunders Dec 87,139p EPA/600/2-87/103
Prepared in cooperation with Aluminum Association,
Inc., Washington, DC. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering
Research Lab.
The research study of the reclamation of aluminum-an-
odizing sludges was conducted In two sequential
phases focused on enhanced dewatering of alumi-
num-anodizing sludges to produce commercial-
strength solutions of aluminum sulfate, i.e., liquid alum.
The use of high-pressure (14 to 15 bar) and a dia-
phragm filter press were shown to be effective in
dewatering aluminum anodizing sludges to cake solids
contents of 27% to 29% and 25% to 31 %, respective-
ly These values were well above the 21 % value re-
quired to justify pursuit of direct acidic extraction of alu-
minum. Commercial-strength solutions of aluminum
sulfate with concentrations of 8% as A1203 were pro-
duced using conventional-neutralization, segregated-
neutralization, and etch-recovery sludge cakes. The
trace metal contents of the alum products were, in
general, typical of commercial products.
Keywords: "Aluminum sulfate, "Sludge, "Reclamation,
Waste water, Dewatering, Water treatment, Filtration,
Extruding, Waste disposal, Toxic substances.
PB88-133574/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Drinking Water Chlorine on Human
Lipid and Thyroid Metabolism,
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Coll. of Medicine.
R. G. Wones, L. Mieczkowski, and L. A. Frohman. Nov
87,21p EPA/600/D-87/345
Grant EPA-R-812560
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search T riangle Park, NC.
A controlled metabolic trial demonstrated that chlorine
in drinking water at concentrations potentially con-
sumed by humans may raise total plasma cholesterol
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
and serum thyroxine. The changes, however, are
much smaller in magnitude than changes seen in ani-
mals and are of questionable clinical significance. Be-
cause the protocol was a pilot study in humans and
was designed to maximize the chances of finding small
differences, further research will be necessary to
better define and confirm these results.
Keywords: "Arteriosclerosis, "Potable water, "Chlorin-
ation. Thyroxine, Lipid metabolism, Cholesterol, Thy-
roid hormones, Toxicology, Coronary artery disease,
Health risk.
PB88-133582/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Assessing Potential Effects of Incinerating Haz-
ardous Wastes at Sea: Development and Field-
Testing of the Marine Biological Assessment
Sampler,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
D. Radford, M. Jackson, D. Oberacker, M. Cooke, and
K. Kegner. Dec 87,12p 600/D-87/349
Prepared in cooperation with Battelle Columbus Labs.,
OH.
The paper discusses the development and field-test-
ing of the Marine Incineration Biological Assessment
Sampler (MIBAS), used to assess potential effects of
incinerating hazardous wastes at sea. In 1985, the U.S.
EPA developed a strategy for the research necessary
for measuring environmental and public health effects
of incinerating hazardous wastes at sea. One area of
this strategy addressed developing a way to sample in-
cinerator emissions and introduce them into seawater
for use as test media in toxicity tests. Responding to
the strategy, EPA developed the MIBAS system, a
system that samples incineration flue gas, cools the
emissions, and collects them in seawater-filled im-
pingers. Particulate matter and both semivolatile and
nonvolatile organic species are collected by the train.
The sample for use in toxicity tests includes the con-
tents of the impingers, the probe, a flexible Teflon line,
and a condenser coil. MIBAS tests have included
spike-recovery, using a gas-phase spiking system to
spike compounds into the emissions and then measur-
ing them in the components of the MIBAS train.
Keywords: "Sea water, Assessments, Incinerators,
Emission, Toxicity, Sampling, Pollution control, Water
impingement, "Hazardous wastes, "Incineration, Pol-
lution control, Marine Incineration Biological Assess-
ment Sampler, Stationary sources.
PB88-133616/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Chemical Characterization of Polynuclear Aromat-
ic Hydrocarbon Degradation Products from Sam-
pling Artifacts. Final rept. 15 Sep 86-31 Jul 87,
Battelle Columbus Div., OH.
J. C. Chuang, S. W. Hannan, and L. E. Slivon. Dec 87,
77p EPA/600/4-87/039
Contract EPA-68-02-4127
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The objective of the study was to characterize the
polar components, mainly polynuclear aromatic hydro-
carbon (PAH) derivatives, in air samples and to deter-
mine whether these compounds are from sampling ar-
tifacts or from the sampled air. A literature survey was
conducted to review the studies about polar PAH de-
rivatives found in the air. In general, there is limited
chemical and biological information for polar PAH
available in the literature. The polar fractions of air
samples did show a significant amount of mutagenic
activity. More studies are needed in the area to deter-
mine the polar components responsible for the activity.
Keywords: "Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, *Air
pollution, "Sampling, "Degradation, Chemical analy-
sis, Toxicity, Exposure, Mutagens, Spectroscopy, Haz-
ardous materials, Environmental monitoring.
PB88-133624/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Expert Advisor for the QUAL2E Water Quality
Model,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, CaA.
T 0 Barnwell, L. C. Brown, and W. Marek. Dec 87,
14p EPA/600/D-87/352
Prepared in cooperation with Tufts Univ., Medford, MA.
Dept. of Civil Engineering, and Kentucky Univ., Lexing-
ton.
Computer modeling is becoming an integral part of de-
cision making in water pollution control. Problems in-
creasingly involve complex interactions among ele-
ments of the environment and large, multi-media mod-
eling systems must be built to understand these inter-
actions. Expert systems is an innovative methodology
that can assist in building, using, and interpreting the
output of these models. The paper reviews the use
and evaluates the potential of expert systems technol-
ogy in environmental modeling and describes ele-
ments of an expert advisor for the stream water quality
model QUAL2E. QUAL2E has a long history of use
both in the United States and worldwide and is a
proven, effective modeling tool for analyzing the dis-
solved oxygen balance in a stream or river. Because of
the widespread usage, a body of experience and em-
pirical knowledge about the computer program has
been gained that is ideal for codification in an expert
system.
Keywords: "Water quality, "Models, Water pollution
control, Computer applications, Decision making.
Streams, Dissolved gases, "Expert systems, QUAL2E
model, Dissolved oxygen.
PB88-133632/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Effects of Humic Substances on Metal Speclation,
Georgia Inst, of Tech., Atlanta. School of Geophysical
Sciences
E. M. Perdue. Dec 87,28p EPA/600/D-87/351
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Athens,
GA.
The paper addresses some of the problems that must
be understood and solved before the effects of metal-
humic complexation on water treatment processes
can be quantitatively addressed. The heterogeniety of
ligands in a humic substance not only complicates the
mathematical description of equilibrium data but also
makes the complexation capacity of a humic sub-
stance almost impossible to accurately determine.
Complexation capacities (meq/g) of humic substances
are widely reported to vary with pH, ionic strength, con-
centration of the humic substances used in the meas-
urement, and the nature of the metal being studied.
The paper demonstrates that the reported effect of
humic substance concentration on complexation ca-
pacity is an artifact, and that other effects arise from
variations in conditional concentration quotients for
metal complexation reactions.
Keywords: "Water treatment, "Metal complexes,
"Humic acids, Ligands, Equilibrium,
Concentration(Composition), Metal ions.
PB88-133640/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Multimedia Approach to Risk Assessment for
Contaminated Sediments In a Marine Environ-
ment. Symposium paper,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
S. T. Hwang. Nov 87,33p EPA/600/D-87/350
Problems of contaminated sediments frequently occur
in dealing with exposure evaluation for rivers, lakes,
estuaries, and harbors. These sites represent a special
type of Superfund site. Contaminated aquatic sedi-
ments can lead to significant risk to humans resulting
from exposure to contaminants through multimedia
pathways such as ingestion, dermal absorption, and
inhalation. The paper examines risk assessment ap-
proaches for these pathways under different condi-
tions, and predictive models for estimating the ambient
air concentrations. Certain observed data are present-
ed along with predictions pertinept to the present no-
action alternative. Remedial alternatives for future use
are also examined. Combined risks from the multime-
dia pathways can be obtained by considering the activ-
ity patterns of the affected population once the media
concentrations are known.
Keywords: "Sediments, "Contamination, Exposure,
Ingestion(Biology), Absorption, Respiration, Models,
Toxicology, "Health risks, Bioaccumulation, Environ-
mental research, Superfund program, Remedial ac-
tions, Path of pollutants.
PB89-133657/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Development and Assessment of Methods for Es-
timating Protective Clothing Performance,
Little (Arthur D ), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
R. Goydan, A. D. Schwope, T. R, Carroll, H. S. Tseng
and R. C. Reid. Dec 87, 300p EPA/600/2-87/104
Contract EPA-68-03-3293
Prepared in cooperation with Massachusetts Inst, of
Tech., Cambridge. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
Approaches for predicting the permeation resistance
of chemical protective clothing polymers were as-
sessed for accuracy and applicability to the Premanu-
facture Notification (PMN) review process of the U.S.
EPA Office of Toxic Substances (OTS). The predictive
models are based on refinements of existing theoreti-
cal approaches for estimating diffusion coefficients
and solubilities from the physical properties of the
solute and polymer. The solubility and diffusion coeffi-
cient estimation approaches have been combined into
a mathematical model that enables prediction of per-
meation behavior. Examples of the model's range of
applicability and its limitations are provided. Also, a
critical review was performed of the applicability and
reliability of test methods for measuring permeation re-
sistance, degradation resistance, liquid immersion
weight change, and chemical desorption of protective
clothing materials. Recommendations are made for
the development of an integrated system that OTS can
use to judge the suitability of protective clothing rec-
ommendations for PMN and existing chemicals.
Keywords: "Protective clothing, "Chemical resistance,
Permeating, Degradation, Diffusion coefficient, Mathe-
matical models, Solubility, Performance, Barrier mate-
rials, Toxic substances, Premanufacture Notification
program.
PB88-133699/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Particulate and
Adsorbent Materials. Part 2. Final rept. Feb 85-Jan
86,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
B. W. Wright, and R. D. Smith. Dec 87,80p EPA/600/.
4-87/040
See also PB86-175999. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The physical properties of supercritical fluids allow
similar solvent strengths as liquids, but with higher dif>
fusion coefficients, lower viscosities and an extended
temperature range which provides the potential for
more rapid and efficient extraction rates than possible
with liquids. The report describes expanded studies
conducted to evaluate the applicability and efficienoy
of analytical supercritical fluid extraction and related
methodologies. These studies included the develop-
ment of quantitative off-line supercritical fluid extrac-
tion methodology and a comparison to traditional
Soxhlet extraction, the development and evaluation of
on-line supercritical fluid extraction-gas chromatogra-
phy for combined sample preparation and analysis,
and direct supercritical fluid extraction-mass spec-
trometry for the monitoring of specific extraction pro-
files as a function of time. The sample matrices includ-
ed an air particulate sample and XAD-2 resin, polyure-
thane foam, and Spherocarb adsorbents that were
spiked with various model compounds. Carbori diox-
ide, isobutane, and methanol modified (20 mole %V
carbon dioxide were utilized as supercritical fluid sys.
terns. Related studies on the evaluation of the quanti-
tative analysis capability of a fluorescence detection
supercritical fluid chromatography method and the de-
velopment of viable solute focusing methods for capil-
lary supercritical fluid chromatography were also con-
ducted.
Keywords: "Extraction, Recovery, Aromatic polycyclic
hydrocarbons, Comparison. Absorbents, "Air pollution
control, "Semivolatile organic compounds.
PB88-133748/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Veaaa
NV.	'
National Surface Water Survey: Eastern La|»
Survey (Phase 1 - Synoptic Chemistry). Quality
Assurance Report,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
M. D. Best, S. K. Drouse, L. W. Creelman, and D. J.
Chaloud. Dec 86,193p EPA/600/4-86/011
Contracts EPA-68-03-3050, EPA68-03-3249
See also PB86-232584. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The report provides an overview of the quality assur-
ance activities and results of the Eastern Lake Survey -
Phase I. The quality assurance program used a combi-
nation of blank, duplicate, and audit samples to pro-
vide an external check on the data quality of 32 physio-
chemical parameters measured and to allow early de-
tection of problems in sample collection, processing,
and analysis. Field sampling, field and analytical labo-
ratory, and database quality control protocols also
were standardized to ensure the reliability of the data.
The statistical analysis of the verified data set included
estimates of instrumental and system detection limits,
system decision limits, overall and analytical within-
batch precision, and overall and analytical among-
batch precision.
Keywords: "Acidification, "Water pollution, "Lakes,
Water chemistry, Quality control, Chemical analysis,
Field tests, Sampling, Processing, Laboratories, Statis-
tical analysis, Chromatographic analysis, Diagrams,
Acid precipitation.
PB88-133780/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Detroit, Michigan Area Sediment Survey, 1982,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
P. E. Pranckevicius. Jul 87,109p EPA/905/4-87/003,
GLNPO-87/11
Twenty-eight sediment grab samples from the western
bank of the Detroit River and three of its tributaries
were chemically analyzed. Sampling sites were
chosen to find worst-case conditions. High levels of
conventional pollutants and metals were found
throughout most of the study area. Hydrophobic organ-
ic contaminants found in a wide range of concentra-
tions included: polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons,
polychlorinated biphenyls, various pesticides, and
volatile organic compounds. Contaminant distributions
suggest recent inputs from local sources. Highest con-
taminant levels were found in the Rouge River, the
northern Trenton Channel and Conners Creek in the
Belle Isle Area. The City of Detroit Wastewater Treat-
ment Plant, combined sewer overflows, local steel and
chemical industry and oil refineries are implicated as
likely sources. Several contaminants including volatile
organics, PCBs and hexachlorobenzene, seem to
have major upstream sources, perhaps in Lake St.
Clair or the St. Clair River.
Keywords: "Sediments, "Industrial wastes, "Sampling,
"Pollution, Metals, Hazardous wastes, Contaminants,
Toxicity, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Soils,
Volatile organic compounds, Detroit(Michigan), Poly-
chlorinated biphenyls.
PB88-133796/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Water Quality Demonstration Project, Allen
County, Ohio. Final rept. 1981-1986,
Allen County Soil and Water Conservation District,
Lima, OH.
B. A. Seibert, and D. M. Vigh. Jul 86,111 p EPA/905/2-
87/001,, GLNPO-87/05
Grant EPA-S-005553
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Chi-
cago, IL. Great Lakes National Program Office.
The project demonstrated to farmers throughout the
county, on a voluntary basis, the effects and econom-
ics of conservation tillage. An intense educational pro-
gram was provided, no-till equipment made available
and technical assistance was also provided to the
farmer as incentives to test conservation tillage on
their lands. The response to the adoption of conserva-
tion practices was outstanding. A second part of the
demonstration was the evaluation of rural sewer sys-
tems. The Allen County General Health District worked
with the residential home owners to correct the defi-
cient septic systems. Water quality monitoring, before
and after the renovation process, was conducted of
the ditch that the sewage systems drained into. A de-
scription of the work is included.
Keywords: "Water quality, "Soil conservation, Rural
areas, Conservations, Sewage treatment, Economic
factors, Soil erosion, Septic tanks. Agricultural eco-
nomics, Great Lakes Region(United States), "Water
quality demonstration project.
PB88-133863/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Tri-State Tillage Project: Modeling Component
Applying the Answers Model to Assess the Im-
pacts of Conservation Tillage on Sediment and
Yields to Lake Erie. Final rept. 1982-84,
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN. Dept. of Agricultural Engi-
neering.
D. B. Beasley. Jun 07,33p EPA/905/2-87/003,,
GLNPO-87/08
Grant EPA-R-005717
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Chi-
cago, IL. Great Lakes National Program Office.
The modeling study was undertaken to help in assess-
ing the effectiveness of increasing amounts of conser-
vation tillage for reducing phosphorus and sediment
yields to Lake Erie. The study area included the
Maumee, Portage, and Sandusky River basins and the
near-lake areas. The ANSWERS model was combined
with a stratified sampling procedure to produce esti-
mates, based on representative watersheds, for major
soil groups. These estimates were then area weighted
to yield basin-wide predictions. Predictions for two 0.5
percent samples of the study area were produced. The
second sampling was used to make an overall 1.0 per-
cent sample. Simulations of the data collected are re-
ported in the report. Eight different scenarios were
done with varying residue cover and tillage methods
with the different soil types.
Keywords: "Cultivation, "Phosphorus, "Sediments,
Mathematical models, Water quality, Runoff, Lake
Erie, Soil properties, Conservation.
PB88-133871/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Accelerated Conservation Tillage Demonstration
Program 1981-1985. Final rept.,
Ohio Dept. of Natural Resources, Columbus.
E. Crawford, and J. Wager. Jul 87,66p EPA/905/2-
87/004. , GLNPO-87/09
Grant EPA-S-005692
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Chi-
cago, IL. Great Lakes National Program Office.
The project involved twenty counties in northwest Ohio
to demonstrate no-till and conservation tillage meth-
ods to farmers. Local Soil and Water Conservation Dis-
trict personnel were contracted by the Department of
Natural Resources, Division of Soil and Water Conser-
vation to demonstrate conservation tillage methods
with their District farmers. Comparison fields of con-
ventional and conservation tillage were done side-by-
side and the data collected over a period of four years
to evaluate yields, costs, time savings, fertilizer and
pesticide use. Districts were allowed to purchase no-till
equipment to be used in this project. The demonstra-
tion effort was to show sediment and phosphorus re-
ductions in the runoff as result of the tillage practice to
improve the water quality in Lake Erie.
Keywords: "Cultivation, "Soil conservation, Erosion
control, Farms, Ohio, Cost analysis, Fertilizing, Sedi-
ments, Water quality, Lake Erie, Phosphorous, Runoff,
Pesticides.
PB88-134028/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Retardation of Flow In Oil Shale Residues Affect-
ed by In situ Hydration. Symposium paper,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins.
D. B. McWhorter. Dec 87,31 p EPA/600/D-87/354
Grant EPA-R-812225
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Leachate may be generated from piles of oil shale
solid waste as a result of drainage of waters emplaced
with the solid upon disposal and from net infiltration of
incident precipitation. The rate and quantity of leach-
ate that may be generated depends heavily on the
capillary hydraulic properties of the waste material.
Combusted or decarbonized oil shale waste has been
found to be highly reactive. Hydration has a marked
effect on the quantity of water available for flow and
upon the hydraulic properties affecting the flow. The
paper presents data which show that the quantity of
chemically-bound water is a function of the water avail-
able. Equilibrium partitioning of water into the mobile
and chemically-bound states is quantified by an iso-
therm approach. The partitioning isotherm is used to
develop an approximate method for calculating the
rate of penetration of mobile waters through reactive
oil shale solid waste. Example calculations are used to
illustrate the magnitude of retardation of flow caused
by the chemical reactions. Hydration and associated
production of gas can also cause misleading behavior
in laboratory permeability tests. Laboratory experience
with chemically-active oil shale residues is described.
Keywords: "Oil shale, "Hydration, Water flow, Leach-
ing, Seepage, Fluid infiltration, Permeability, Hydraulic
conductivity, "Leachates, Hazardous wastes.
PB88-134085/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pilot Scale Treatment of Aqueous Metal and Cya-
nide Bearing Hazardous Wastes,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
S. Q. Hassan, J. E. Park, M. K. Koczwara, and D. W.
Grosse. Nov 87,20p EPA/600/D-87/355
Prepared in cooperation with Cincinnati Univ., OH.
Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
been directed to evaluate the performance of various
technologies for the treatment and/or destruction of
certain wastes that are presently being disposed of in
landfills and surface impoundments. As a part of the
U.S. EPA alternative technologies research program,
the University of Cincinnati is testing existing treatment
technologies that are applicable to metal- and cyanide-
bearing hazardous wastes at the U.S. EPA Test and
Evaluation Facility in Cincinnati, Ohio. The units which
have been designed and fabricated for testing are:
lime precipitation, sulfide precipitation, mixed-media fil-
tration, ion exchange and alkaline chlorination of cya-
nide.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Waste disposal,
"Waste treatment, Metals, Cyanides,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Filtration, Ion exchanging,
Chlorination, "Hazardous wastes, Environmental Pro-
tection Agency.
PB88-134358/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Workshop on Evaluation/Documentation of
Chemical Mechanisms. Final rept.,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
R. Atkinson, H. Jeffries, G. Whitten, and F. Lurmann.
Nov 87,389p* EPA/600/9-67/024
Contract EPA-68-02-4183
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill, Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael,
CA., and ERT, Newbury Park, CA. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Photochemical air quality models are often questioned
for lack of evaluation of the chemical mechanisms
used and for inadequate documentation of the chemi-
cal mechanism components of the models. In re-
sponse to these concerns, a workshop was conducted
for the purpose of reviewing and critically discussing
approaches to evaluating chemical mechanisms and
past practices in documenting mechanistic models. A
steering committee analyzed workshop presentations
and followup discussions and interpreted them in
terms of judgments regarding reliability of evaluation/
documentation of approaches/praictices and recom-
mendations for future research/development. The
report includes background planning documents,
workshop presentations and followup discussions, and
the Steering Committee's conclusions and recommen-
dations.
Keywords: "Air quality, Simulation, Models, Meetings,
Evaluation, Photochemical reactions, "Chemical reac-
tion mechanisms, "Air pollution control.
PB88-134853/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effect of Chlorine Position on the Degradation of
Dlchlorophenoia In Anaerobic Pond Sediment,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
J. E. Rogers, and D. D. Hale. Dec 87,33p EPA/600/D-
87/353
Prepared in cooperation with Technology Applications,
Inc., Athens, GA.
To better understand the microbial degradation of
chemicals in anaerobic environments, the degradation
of chlorinated phenols was examined in freshwater
sediments. The study demonstrated that the relative
persistence of the dichlorophenols depended on the
chemical structure of the individual isomers. The initial
step in degradation was the reductive dechlorination of
a single chlorine to form the monochlorophenol as an
intermediate. Chlorine at the 2-position of dichloro-
phenols was the most readily reduced. The results
show that caution should be used in extrapolating lab-
oratory data to predict degradation rates at field sites.
Keywords: "Biodeterioration, Sediments, Microorga-
nisms, Chlorine, Chemical reactions, Anaerobic condi-
tions, Dechlorination, *Phenol/chloro, Biodegradation,
Environment effects.
PB88-136569/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Puerto Rico and the
U.S. Virgin Islands, Water Year 1985. Water-data
rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 84-30 Sep 85,
Geological Survey, San Juan, PR. Water Resources
Div.
E. Colon-Dieppa, R. Garcia, and P. L. Diaz. Aug 87,
405p USGS/WRD/HD-87/252, USGS/WDR/PR-85/
1
See also PB84-114701.
Water-resources data for surface-water, quality-of-
water, and ground-water records for the 1985 water
year for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, con-
sists of records of discharge, water quality of streams,
and water levels of wells. The report contains dis-
charge records for 57 streamflow-gaging stations, 131
partial-record or miscellaneous streamflow stations,
and 1 crest-stage, partial-record streamflow station;
stage and content records for 4 lakes and reservoirs;
water quality records for 16 streamflow-gaging sta-
tions, 45 ungaged streamsites, 11 lake sites, 1 lagoon,
and 1 bay; and water-level records for 94 observation
wells.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Puerto
Rico, 'Virgin Islands, Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow
rate, Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, 'Water
quality data, 'Hydrologic data, Water levels,
Discharge(Water).
PB88-136593/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
National Air Toxics information Clearinghouse:
Bibliography of Selected Reports and Federal
Register Notices Related to Air Toxics. Volume 2.
Index,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
C. A. Owen, M. L. Hanson, T. M. Wall, and A. S.
Pelland. Jul 87, 357p DCN-87-239-001-23-09-VOL-2,
EPA/450/5-87/005-VOL-2
Contract EPA-68-02-4330
See also Volume 1, PB88-136601. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse has
been established by the EPA Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards for the purpose of facilitating infor-
mation transfer among Federal, State, and local air
quality management agencies. The document has
been published as part of that effort. The purpose is to
provide State and local agencies and other Clearing-
house users with citations to reports and Federal Reg-
ister notices useful in developing and operating air
toxics control programs. The reports selected for the
bibliography were published by the following agencies:
U S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Acad-
emy of Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National
Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National
Toxicology Program, National Institute for Occupation-
al Safety and Health, and World Health Organization.
Reports published by various State and local agencies
are also included. Volume 2 consists of an index to the
reports by document type; pollutant by class, name, or
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number; source
category by Standard Industrial Classification (SIC)
code; and sponsoring agency.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, State government, Local
government, Public health, Industrial wastes, "Hazard-
ous materials, 'Air pollution control, Risk assess-
ments, 'Toxic substances, National Air Toxics Infor-
mation Clearinghouse.
PB88-136601/HSU	PC A23/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse:
Bibliography of Selected Reports and Federal
Register Notices Related to Air Toxics. Volume 1.
Citations. Interim rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
C. A. Owen, M. L. Hanson, T. M. Wall, and A. S.
Pelland. Jul 87, 541 p DCN-87-239-001 -23-09-VOL-1,
EPA/450/5-87/005-VOL-1
Contract EPA-68-02-4330
See also Volume 2, PB88-136593. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The report provides State and local agencies and
other Clearinghouse users with citations to reports and
Federal Register notices useful in developing and op-
erating air toxics control programs. The reports select-
ed for the bibliography were published by the following
agencies, EPA, NAS, NCI, NIEHS, NTP, NIOSH, and
WHO. Reports published by various State and local
agencies are also included. The report is published in
two volumes. Volume 1, Part 1 includes introductory
material describing the scope and organization and
contains information necessary for the proper use of
the document. Volume 1, Part 2 contains the report
and Federal Register notice entries with bibliographic
information and, in most cases, an abstract. Volume 2
consists of an index to the reports by document type;
pollutant by class, name, or Chemical Abstracts Serv-
ice (CAS) number; source category by Standard Indus-
trial Classification (SIC) code; and sponsoring agency.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, State government, Local
government, Public health, Industrial wastes, 'Hazard-
ous materials, 'Air pollution control, Risk assess-
ments, 'Toxic substances, National Air Toxics Infor-
mation Clearinghouse.
PB88-136817/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Class V Injection Wells: Current Inventory; Effects
on Ground Water; Technical Recommendations.
Executive Summary of the Report to Congress.
Final rept.
Engineering Enterprises, Inc., Norman, OK.
Sep 87, 29p EPA/570/9-87/007
Contract EPA-68-03-3416
See also PB88-111596. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Drinking
Water.
The report to Congress summarizes the results of
State surveys concerning Class V injection wells as
defined by the 1986 Amendments to the Safe Drinking
Water Act. The report (1) identifies the categories and
corresponding inventories of Class V wells in the
United States and its Territories and Possessions, (2)
describes primary contamination problems associated
with different categories of these wells, and (3) sum-
marizes recommendations for minimum design, con-
struction, installation, and siting requirements that
could be applied to protect underground sources of
drinking water.
Keywords: 'Injection wells, Contamination, Ground
water, Potable water, Drainage wells, Safe Drinking
Water Act(PL 93-523), Drinking water.
PB88-136916/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Pesticides in Water Supplies Using Surface Water
Sources,
Iowa Dept. of Natural Resources, Des Moines.
M. Wnuk, R. Kelley, G. Breuer, and L. Johnson. Sep
87,43p*
Prepared in cooperation with Iowa Univ., Iowa City.
State Hygienic Lab. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Washington, DC.
Between May and early July in 1986, samples of treat-
ed (finished) water were collected after rainfall from 33
public water supplies using surface water sources.
These samples were analyzed for 37 pesticide com-
pounds. Fourteen water supplies also collected sam-
ples from their surface water source prior to treatment
to determine the effectiveness of treatment with
regard to pesticide removal. Detectable concentra-
tions of one or more of ten pesticides were found in the
treated water from 30 of the 33 water supplies tested.
Individual pesticides and the number of supplies in
which they were detected were: atrazine, 30; cyana-
zine (Bladex), 26; metolachlor (Dual), 21; alachlor
(Lasso), 17; carbofuran (Furadan), 9; metribuzin
(Sencor), 4; 2,4-D, 2; and, trifluralin fTreflan), butylate
(Sutan) and dicamba (Banvel), 1 each. Study results
indicate that current conventional water treatment
technology is ineffective at substantial reduction of
pesticide concentrations or elimination of pesticides
from drinking water. Further, the study suggests that
current pesticide monitoring requirements of the Safe
Drinking Water Act are inadequate.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Water treatment, 'Surface
water, Potable water, "Water pollution detection,
Drinking water.
PB88-137138/HSU	CP T03
Development of the 1980 NAPAP (National AcM
Precipitation Assessment Program) Emission* In-
ventory: Point Sources, Product B (Version 5.0).
Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. D. Mobley, and S. Zelmanowitz. 1980, mag tape
EPA/600/7-86/057B, EPA/DF/MT-88/002
See also PB87-182879.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB88-132121.
The 1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory point source
emissions data for the 48 contiguous United States are
contained in the data file. Annual emissions of 11 pol-
lutants (S02, S04, NOx, Pb, CO, HC1, HF, NH3, TSP
VOC, and total hydrocarbons) from 13,769 plants en-
compassing 34,483 emission points and 50,159
source classification code (SCC) or process level
records are present. The data file (Product B) is one of
a series of 1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory products.
A report ('Development of the 1980 NAPAP Emissions
Inventory') documenting the contents of the data file is
available as Product A. Other emissions inventory
products include data files containing U.S. and Canadi-
an annual point and area source emissions (Version
5.0) and temporally, spatially, and species-resolved
emissions for a typical weekday, Saturday, and
Sunday in each season (Versions 5.2 and 5.3). Version
5.2 contains total hydrocarbons (THC) speciated into
28 photochemical reactivity classes, while THC in Ver-
sion 5.3 are speciated into 10 classes based on
carbon bond IV chemistry.
Keywords: 'Data file, "Air pollution, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, 'Electric utilities. Inventories, Magnetic
Sources, Precipitation(Meteorology), Sulfur dioxide,
Nitrogen oxides, 'Acid rain, National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program, Emissions inventory, Area
sources.
PB88-137146/HSU	CP T02
Development of the 1980 NAPAP (National Pr*.
cipltation Assessment Program) Emissions Inven-
tory: Canadian Point Sources, Product C (Version
5.0). Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trianole
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Cab
J. D. Mobley, and S. Zelmanowitz. 1980, mag tape
EPA/600/7-86/057C, EPA/DF/MT-88/003
See also PB87-182879.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. f£
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer-Prod-
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB88-132121.
The 1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory point source
emissions data for that portion of Canada In the
NAPAP study area (east of 125 degrees W. Longjtud*
and south of 60 degrees N. Latitude) are contained in
the data file. Annual emissions of 8 pollutants (SO?
S04, NOx, CO, NH3, TSP, VOC, and total hydrooaT
bons) from 565 plants encompassing 2,324 emission
points and 2,745 source classification code (SCClor
process level records are present. The data file (PitiJ
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
uct C) is one of a series of 1980 NAPAP Emissions In-
ventory products. A report ('Development of the 1980
NAPAP Emissions Inventory') documenting the con-
tents of the data file is available as Product A. Other
emissions inventory products include data files con-
taining U.S. and Canadian annual point and area
source emissions (Version 5.0) and temporally, spatial-
ly, and species-resolved emissions for a typical week-
day, Saturday, and Sunday in each season (Versions
5.2 and 5.3). Version 5.2 contains total hydrocarbons
(THC) speciated into 28 photochemical reactivity
classes, while THC in Version 5.3 are speciated into 10
classes based on carbon bond IV chemistry.
Keywords: 'Data file, * Air pollution, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, 'Electric utilities, Inventories, Magnetic tapes,
Sources, Precipitation(Meteorology), Sulfur dioxide,
Nitrogen oxides, "Acid rain, National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program, Emissions inventory, Area
sources.
PB88-137153/HSU	CP T10
Development of the 1980 NAPAP (National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program) Emissions In-
ventory: Area Sources, Product D (Version 5.0).
Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. D. Mobley, and S. Zelmonowitz. 1980, mag tape
EPA/600/7-86/057D, EPA/DF/MT-88/004
See also PB87-182879.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts.
The 1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory area source
emissions data for the 48 contiguous United States are
contained in the data file. Annual emissions of 11 pol-
lutants (S02, S04, NOx, Pb, CO, HCI, HF, NH3, TSP,
VOC, and total hydrocarbons) from 88 area source
categories in 3,070 counties are present. The data file
(Product D) is one of a series of 1980 NAPAP Emis-
sions Inventory products. A report ('Development of
the 1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory') documenting
the contents of the data file is available as Product A.
Other emissions inventory products include data files
containing U.S. and Canadian annual point and area
source emissions (Version 5.0) and temporally, spatial-
ly, and species-resolved emissions for a typical week-
day, Saturday, and Sunday in each season (Versions
5.2 and 5.3). Version 5.2 contains total hydrocarbons
(THC) speciated into 28 photochemical reactivity
classes, while THC In Version 5.3 are speciated into 10
classes based on carbon bond IV chemistry.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, 'Electric utilities, Inventories, Magnetic tapes,
Sources, Precipitation(Meteorology), Sulfur dioxide,
Nitrogen oxides, 'Acid rain, National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program, Emissions inventory, Area
sources.
PB88-137161/HSU	CP T02
Development of the 1980 NAPAP (National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program) Emissions In-
ventory: Canadian Area Sources, Product E (Ver-
sion 5.0). Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. D. Mobley, and S. Zelmanowitz. 1980, mag tape
EPA/600/7-86/057E, EPA/DF/MT-88/005
See also PB87-182879.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB88-132121.
The 1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory area source
emissions data for that portion of Canada in the
NAPAP study area (east of 125 degrees W. Longitude
and south of 60 degrees N. Latitude) are contained in
the data file. Annual emissions of 8 pollutants (S02,
S04, NOx, CO, NH3, TSP, VOC, and total hydrocar-
bons) from 150 area source categories in 10 provinces
are present. The data file (Product E) is one of a series
of 1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventoiy products. A
report ('Development of the 1960 NAPAP Emissions
Inventory') documenting the contents of the data file is
available as Product A. Other emissions inventory
products include data files containing U.S. and Canadi-
an annual point and area source emissions (Version
5.0) and temporally, spatially, and species-resolved
emissions for a typical weekday, Saturday, and
Sunday in each season (Versions 5.2 and 5.3). Version
5.2 contains total hydrocarbons (THC) speciated into
28 photochemical reactivity classes, while THC in Ver-
sion 5.3 are speciated into 10 classes based on
carbon bond IV chemistry.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, 'Electric utilities, Inventories, Magnetic tapes,
Sources, Precipitation(Meteorology), Sulfur dioxide,
Nitrogen oxides, 'Acid rain, National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program, Emissions inventory, Area
sources.
PB88-137179/HSU	CP T04
Development of the 1980 NAPAP (National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program) Emissions In-
ventory: Point Sources, Product F (Version 5.2).
Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. D. Mobley, and S. Zelmanowitz. 1980, mag tape
EPa/600/7-86/057F, EPA/DF/MT-88/006
See also PB87-182879.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB88-132121.
The 1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory 5.2 point
source emissions data for the 48 contiguous United
States and Canada (from 50 degrees to 125 degrees
W. Longitude and from 25 degrees to 60 degrees N.
Latitude) are contained in the data file. Annual emis-
sions of 11 pollutants (S02, S04, NOx, Pb, CO, HC1,
HF, NH3, TSP, VOC, and total hydrocarbons) from
14,334 plants encompassing 36,617 emission points
and 52,904 source classification code (SCC) or proc-
ess level records are present. Grid locations and tem-
poral and species allocation factors are also included
to allow for spatial, temporal, and species resolution of
the data. The data file (Product F) is one of a series of
1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory products. A report
('Development of the 1980 NAPAP Emissions Invento-
ry') documenting the contents of the data file is avail-
able as Product A. Other emissions inventory products
include data files containing U.S. and Canadian annual
point and area source emissions (Version 5.0) and
temporally, spatially, and species-resolved emissions
for a typical weekday, Saturday, and Sunday in each
season (Versions 5.2 and 5.3). Version 5.2 contains
total hydrocarbons (THC) speciated into 28 photo-
chemical reactivity classes, while THC in Version 5.3
are speciated into 10 classes based on carbon bond IV
chemistry.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, 'Electric utilities, Inventories, Magnetic tapes,
Sources, Precipitation(Meteorology), Sulfur dioxide,
Nitrogen oxides, 'Acid rain, National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program, Emissions inventory. Area
sources.
PB88-137187/HSU	CP T07
Development of the 1980 NAPAP (National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program) Emissions In-
ventory: Area Source-Winter Weekday, Product G
(Version 5.2). Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. D. Mobley, and S. Zelmanowitz. 1960, mag tape
EPA/600/7-86/057G, EPA/DF/MT-88/007
See also PB87-162879.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape onfy.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB88-132121.
The 1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory 5.2 area source
emissions data for the 46 contiguous United States
and Canada (from 50 degrees to 125 degrees W. Lon-
gitude and from 25 degrees to 60 degrees N. Latitude)
are contained in the data file. Temporally, spatially,
and species-resolved emissions of 11 pollutants (S02,
S04, NOx, Pb, CO, HCI, HF, NH3, TSP, VOC, and total
hydrocarbons) for a typical winter weekday for 88
source categories from 3,070 U.S. counties and 150
source categories from 10 Canadian provinces are
present. The data file (Product G) is one of a series of
1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventoiy products. A report
('Development of the 1980 NAPAP Emissions Invento-
ry') documenting the contents of the data file is avail-
able as Product A. Other emissions inventory products
include data files containing U.S. and Canadian annual
point and area source emissions (Version 5.0) and
temporally, spatially, and species-resolved emissions
for a typical weekday, Saturday, and Sunday in each
season (Versions 5.2 and 5.3). Version 5.2 contains
total hydrocarbons (THC) speciated into 28 photo-
chemical reactivity classes, while THC in Version 5.3
are speciated into 10 classes based on carbon bond IV
chemistry.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, 'Electric utilities, Inventories, Magnetic tapes,
Sources, Precipitation(Meteorology), Sulfur dioxide,
Nitrogen oxides, 'Acid rain, National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program, Emissions inventory, Area
sources.
PB88-137195/HSU	CP T07
Development of the 1980 NAPAP (National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program) Emissions In-
ventory: Area Sources-Wintsr Saturday, Product
H (Version 5.2). Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. D. Mobley, and S. Zelmanowitz. 1980, mag tape
EPA/600/7-86/057H, EPA/DF/MT-88/008
See also PB87-182879.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB88-132121.
The 1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventoiy 5.2 area source
emissions data for the 48 contiguous United States
and Canada (from 50 degrees to 125 degrees W. Lon-
gitude and from 25 degrees to 60 degrees N. Latitude)
are contained in the data file. Temporally, spatially,
and species-resolved emissions of 11 pollutants (S02,
S04, NOx, Pb, CO, HCI, HF, NH3, TSP, VOC, and total
hydrocarbons) for a typical winter Saturday for 88
source categories from 3,070 U.S. counties and 150
source categories from 10 Canadian provinces are
present. The data file (Product H) is one of a series of
1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventoiy products. A report
('Development of the 1980 NAPAP Emissions Invento-
ry') documenting the contents of the data file is avail-
able as Product A. Other emissions inventory products
include data files containing U.S. and Canadian annual
point and area source emissions (Version 5.0) and
temporally, spatially, and species-resolved emissions
for a typical weekday, Saturday, and Sunday in each
season (Versions 5.2 and 5.3). Version 5.2 contains
total hydrocarbons (THC) speciated into 28 photo-
chemical reactivity classes, while THC in Version 5.3
are speciated into 10 classes based on carbon bond IV
chemistry.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, "Electric utilities, Inventories, Magnetic tapes,
Sources, Precipitation(Meteorology), Sulfur dioxide.
Nitrogen oxides, 'Acid rain, National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program, Emissions inventory, Area
sources.
PB88-137203/HSU	CP T07
Development of the 1980 NAPAP (National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program) Emissions In-
ventory: Area Sources-Winter Sunday, Product I
(Version 5.2). Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. D. Mobley, and S. Zelmanowitz. 1980, mag tape
EPA/600/7-66/0571, EPA/DF/MT-88/009
See also PB87-182879.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB88-132121.
The 1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory 5.2 area source
emissions data for the 48 contiguous United States
and Canada (from 50 degrees to 125 degrees W. Lon-
gitude and from 25 degrees to 60 degrees N. Latitude)
are contained in the data file. Temporally, spatially,
and species-resolved emissions of 11 pollutants (S02,
S04, NOx, Pb, CO, HCI, HF, NH3, TSP, VOC. and total
hydrocarbons) for a typical winter Sunday for 88
source categories from 3,070 U.S. counties and 150
source categories from 10 Canadian provinces are
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
present. The data file (Product I) is one of a series of
1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory products. A report
('Development of the 1980 NAPAP Emissions Invento-
ry') documenting the contents of the data file is avail-
able as Product A. Other emissions inventory products
include data files containing U.S. and Canadian annual
point and area source emissions (Version 5.0) and
temporally, spatially, and species-resolved emissions
for a typical weekday, Saturday, and Sunday in each
season (Versions 5.2 and 5.3). Version 5.2 contains
total hydrocarbons (THC) speciated into 28 photo-
chemical reactivity classes, while THC in Version 5.3
are speciated into 10 classes based on carbon bond IV
chemistry.
Keywords: *Data file, 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, 'Electric utilities, Inventories, Magnetic tapes,
Sources, Precipitation(Meteorology), Sulfur dioxide,
Nitrogen oxides, "Acid rain, National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program, Emissions inventory, Area
sources.
PB88-137211/HSU	CP T07
Development of the 1980 NAPAP (National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program) Emissions In-
ventory: Area Sources-Spring Weekday, Product
J (Version 5.2). Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. D. Mobley, and S. Zeimanowitz. 1980, mag tape
EPA/600/7-86/057J, EPA/DF/MT-88/010
See also PB87-182879.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB88-132121.
The 1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory 5.2 area source
emissions data for the 48 contiguous United States
and Canada (from 50 degrees to 125 degrees W. Lon-
gitude and from 25 degrees to 60 degrees N. Latitude)
are contained in the data file. Temporally, spatially,
and species-resolved emissions of 11 pollutants (S02,
S04, NOx, Pb, CO, HCI, HF, NH3, TSP, VOC, and total
hydrocarbons) (or a typical spring weekday for 88
source categories from 3,070 U.S. counties and 150
source categories from 10 Canadian provinces are
present. The data file (Product J) is one of a series of
1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory products. A report
('Development of the 1980 NAPAP Emissions Invento-
ry') documenting the contents of the data file is avail-
able as Product A. Other emissions inventory products
include data files containing U .S. and Canadian annual
point and area source emissions (Version 5.0) and
temporally, spatially, and species-resolved emissions
for a typical weekday, Saturday, and Sunday in each
season (Versions 5.2 and 5.3). Version 5.2 contains
total hydrocarbons (THC) speciated into 28 photche-
mical reactivity classes, while THC in Version 5.3 are
speciated into 10 classes based on carbon bond IV
chemistry.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, 'Electric utilities, Inventories, Magnetic tapes.
Sources, Precipitation(Meteorology), Sulfur dioxide,
Nitrogen oxides, 'Acid rain, National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program, Emissions inventory, Area
sources.
PBB8-137229/HSU	rp Tn,
Development of the 1980 NAPAP (National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program) Emissions In-
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab
J. D. Mobley, and S. Zeimanowitz. 1980, maa tape
EPA/600/7-86/057K, EPA/DF/MT-88/011
See also PB87-182879.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB88-132121.
The 1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory 5.2 area source
emissions data for the 48 contiguous United States
and Canada (from 50 degrees to 125 degrees W. Lon-
gitude and from 25 degrees to 60 degrees N. Latitude)
are contained in the data file. Temporally, spatially,
and species-resolved emissions of 11 pollutants (S02,
S04, NOx. Pb, CO, HCI, HF, NH3, TSP, VOC, and total
hydrocarbons) for a typical spring weekday for 88
940 Vol. 90, No. 24
source categories from 3,070 U.S. counties and 150
source categories from 10 Canadian provinces are
present. The data file (Product K) is one of a series of
1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory products. A report
('Development of the 1980 NAPAP Emissions Invento-
ry') documenting the contents of the data file is avail-
able as Product A. Other emissions inventory products
include data files containing U.S. and Canadian annual
point and area source emissions (Version 5.0) and
temporally, spatially, and species-resolved emissions
for a typical weekday, Saturday, and Sunday in each
season (Versions 5.2 and 5.3). Version 5.2 contains
total hydrocarbons (THC) speciated into 28 photche-
mical reactivity classes, while THC in Version 5.3 are
speciated into 10 classes based on carbon bond IV
chemistry.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, 'Electric utilities, Inventories, Magnetic tapes,
Sources, Precipitation(Meteorology), Sulfur dioxide,
Nitrogen oxides, 'Acid rain, National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program, Emissions inventory, Area
sources.
PB88-137237/HSU	CP T07
Development of the 1980 NAPAP (National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program) Emissions In-
ventory: Area Sources-Spring Sunday, Product L
(Version 5.2). Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. D. Mobley, and S. Zeimanowitz. 1980, mag tape
EPA/600/7-86/057L, EPA/DF/MT-88/012
See also PB87-182879.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB88-132121.
The 1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory 5.2 area source
emissions data for the 48 contiguous United States
and Canada (from 50 degrees to 125 degrees W. Lon-
gitude and from 25 degrees to 60 degrees N. Latitude)
are contained in the data file. Temporally, spatially,
and species-resolved emissions of 11 pollutants (S02,
S04, NOx, Pb, CO, HCI, HF, NH3, TSP, VOC, and total
hydrocarbons) for a typical spring weekday for 88
source categories from 3,070 U.S. counties and 150
source categories from 10 Canadian provinces are
present. The data file (Product L) is one of a series of
1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventoiy products. A report
('Development of the 1980 NAPAP Emissions Invento-
ry') documenting the contents of the data file is avail-
able as Product A. Other emissions inventory products
include data files containing U.S. and Canadian annual
point and area source emissions (Version 5.0) and
temporally, spatially, and species-resolved emissions
for a typical weekday, Saturday, and Sunday in each
season (Versions 5.2 and 5.3). Version 5.2 contains
total hydrocarbons (THC) speciated into 28 photche-
mical reactivity classes, while THC in Version 5.3 are
speciated into 10 classes based on carbon bond IV
chemistry.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, 'Electric utilities, Inventories, Magnetic tapes,
Sources, Precipitation(Meteorology), Sulfur dioxide,
Nitrogen oxides, 'Acid rain, National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program, Emissions inventory, Area
sources.
PB88-137245/HSU	CP T07
Development of the 1980 NAPAP (National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program) Emissions In-
ventory: Area Sources-Summer Weekday, Prod-
uct M (version 5.2). Data file.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. D. Mobley. and S. Zeimanowitz. 1980, mag tape
EPA/600/7-86/057M, EPA/DF/MT-88/013
See also PB87-182879.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB88-132121.
The 1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory 5.2 area source
emissions data for the 48 contiguous United States
and Canada (from 50 degrees to 125 degrees W. Lon-
gitude and from 25 degrees to 60 degrees N. Latitude)
are contained in the data file. Temporally, spatially,
and species-resolved emissions of 11 pollutants (S02,
S04, NOx, Pb, CO, HCI, HF, NH3, TSP, VOC, and total
hydrocarbons) for a typical spring weekday for 88
source categories from 3,070 U.S. counties and 150
source categories from 10 Canadian provinces are
present. The data file (Product M) is one of a series of
1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory products. A report
('Development of the 1980 NAPAP Emissions Invento-
ry') documenting the contents of the data file is avail-
able as Product A. Other emissions inventoiy products
include data files containing U.S. and Canadian annual
point and area source emissions (Version 5.0) and
temporally, spatially, and species-resolved emissions
for a typical weekday, Saturday, and Sunday m each
season (Versions 5.2 and 5.3). Version 5.2 contains
total hydrocarbons (THC) speciated into 28 photche-
mical reactivity classes, while THC in Version 5.3 are
speciated into 10 classes based on carbon bond IV
chemistry.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Air pollution, "Exhaust emis-
sions, 'Electric utilities, Inventories, Magnetic tapes.
Sources, Precipitation(Meteorology), Sulfur dioxide,
Nitrogen oxides, 'Acid rain, National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program, Emissions inventory, Area
sources.
PB88-137252/HSU	CP TD7
Development of the 1980 NAPAP (National Add
Precipitation Assessment Program) Emission* in-
ventory: Area Sources-Summer Saturday, Product
N (Version 5.2). Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. D. Mobley, and S. Zeimanowitz. 1980, mag tape
EPA/600/7-86/057N, EPA/DF/MT-88/014
See also PB87-182879.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB88-132121.
The 1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory 5.2 area source
emissions data for the 48 contiguous United States
and Canada (from 50 degrees to 125 degrees W. Lon-
gitude and from 25 degrees to 60 degrees N. Latitude)
are contained in the data file. Temporally, spatially,
and species-resolved emissions of 11 pollutants (S02
S04, NOx, Pb, CO. HCI, HF, NH3, TSP, VOC, and total
hydrocarbons) lor a typical spring weekday for 88
source categories from 3,070 U.S. counties and 150
source categories from 10 Canadian provinces are
present. The data file (Product N) is one of a series of
1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventoiy products. A report
('Development of the 1980 NAPAP Emissions Invento-
ry') documenting the contents of the data file is avail-
able as Product A. Other emissions inventory product*
include data files containing U.S. and Canadian annual
point and area source emissions (Version 5.0) and
temporally, spatially, and species-resolved emissions
for a typical weekday, Saturday, and Sunday in each
season (Versions 5.2 and 5.3). Version S.2 contains
total hydrocarbons (THC) speciated into 28 photche-
mical reactivity classes, while THC in Version 5.3 are
speciated into 10 classes based on carbon bond IV
chemistry.	, , \
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust Emis-
sions, 'Electric utilities, Inventories, Magnetic tapeSi,
Sources, Precipitation(Meteorology), Sulfur dioxide
Nitrogen oxides, 'Acid rain, National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program, Emissions inventory. Area
sources.
PBB8-137260/HSU	CP TO?
Development of the 1980 NAPAP (National
Precipitation Assessment Program) EmlaaiorMln.
ventory: Area Sources-Summer Sunday, Prodiie*
O (Version 5.2). Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trianole
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab;
J. D. Mobley, and S. Zeimanowitz. 1980, mag taoe
EPA/600/7-86/0570, EPA/DF/MT-88/01?	"
See also PB87-182879.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape onk
Identity recording mode by specifying density only, P<£
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer (L?
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB88-132121.
The 1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory 5.2 area sourr-o
emissions data for the 48 contiguous United StSS?
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
gitude and from 25 degrees to 60 degrees N. Latitude)
are contained in the data file. Temporally, spatially,
and species-resolved emissions of 11 pollutants (S02,
S04, NOx, Pb, CO, HCl, HF, NH3, TSP, VOC, and total
hydrocarbons) for a typical spring weekday for 88
source categories from 3,070 U.S. counties and 150
source categories from 10 Canadian provinces are
present. The data fHe (Product O) is one of a series of
1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory products. A report
('Development of the 1980 NAPAP Emissions Invento-
ry') documenting the contents of the data file is avail-
able as Product A. Other emissions inventory products
include data files containing U.S. and Canadian annual
point and area source emissions (Version 5.0) and
temporally, spatially, and species-resolved emissions
for a typical weekday, Saturday, and Sunday in each
season (Versions 5.2 and 5.3). Version 5.2 contains
total hydrocarbons (THC) speciated into 28 photche-
mical reactivity classes, while THC in Version 5.3 are
speciated into 10 classes based on carbon bond IV
chemistry.
Keywords: "Data file, *Air pollution, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, 'Electric utilities, Inventories, Magnetic tapes,
Sources, Precipitation(Meteorology), Sulfur dioxide,
Nitrogen oxides, 'Acid rain, National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program, Emissions inventory, Area
sources.
PB88-137278/HSU	CP T07
Development of the 1980 NAPAP (National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program) Emissions In-
ventory: Area Sources-Fall Weekday, Product P
(Version 5.2). Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. D. Mobley, and S. Zelmanowitz. 1980, mag tape
EPA/600/7-86/057P, EPA/DF/MT-88/016
See also PB87-182879.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB88-132121.
The 1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory 5.2 area source
emissions data for the 48 contiguous United States
and Canada (from 50 degrees to 125 degrees W. Lon-
gitude and from 25 degrees to 60 degrees N. Latitude)
are contained in the data file. Temporally, spatially,
and species-resolved emissions of 11 pollutants (S02,
S04, NOx, Pb, CO, HCl, HF, NH3, TSP, VOC, and total
hydrocarbons) for a typical spring weekday for 88
source categories from 3,070 U.S. counties and 150
source categories from 10 Canadian provinces are
present. The data file (Product P) is one of a series of
1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory products. A report
('Development of the 1980 NAPAP Emissions Invento-
ry') documenting the contents of the data file is avail-
able as Product A. Other emissions inventory products
include data files containing U.S. and Canadian annual
point and area source emissions (Version 5.0) and
temporally, spatially, and species-resolved emissions
for a typical weekday, Saturday, and Sunday in each
season (Versions 5.2 and 5.3). Version 5.2 contains
total hydrocarbons (THC) speciated into 28 photo-
chemical reactivity classes, while THC in Version 5.3
are speciated into 10 classes based on carbon bond IV
chemistry.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, 'Electric utilities, inventories, Magnetic tapes,
Sources, Precipitation(Meteorology), Sulfur dioxide,
Nitrogen oxides, 'Acid rain, National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program, Emissions inventory, Area
sources.
PB88-137286/HSU	CP T07
Development of the 1980 NAPAP (National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program) Emissions In-
ventory: Area Sources-Fall Saturday, Product Q
(Version 5.2).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J D. Mobley, and S. Zelmanowitz. 1980, mag tape
EPA/600/7-86/057Q, EPA/DF/MT-88/017
See also PB87-182879.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB88-132121.
The 1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory 5.2 area source
emissions data for the 48 contiguous United States
and Canada (from 50 degrees to 125 degrees W. Lon-
gitude and from 25 degrees to 60 degrees N. Latitude)
are contained in the data file. Temporally, spatially,
and species-resolved emissions of 11 pollutants (S02,
S04, NOx, Pb, CO, HCl, HF, NHS, TSP, VOC, and total
hydrocarbons) for a typical spring weekday for 88
source categories from 3,070 U.S. counties and 150
source categories from 10 Canadian provinces are
present. The data file (Product Q) is one of a series of
1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventoiv products. A report
( Development of the 1980 NAPAP Emissions Invento-
ry') documenting the contents of the data file is avail-
able as Product A. Other emissions inventory products
include data files containing U.S. and Canadian annual
point and area source emissions (Version 5.0) and
temporally, spatially, and species-resolved emissions
for a typical weekday, Saturday, and Sunday in each
season (Versions 5.2 and 5.3). Version 5.2 contains
total hydrocarbons (THC) speciated into 28 photo-
chemical reactivity classes, while THC in Version 5.3
are speciated into 10 classes based on carbon bond IV
chemistry.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, 'Electric utilities, Inventories, Magnetic tapes,
Sources, Precipitation(Meteorology), Sulfur dioxide,
Nitrogen oxides, 'Acid rain, National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program, Emissions inventory, Area
sources.
PB88-137294/HSU	CP T07
Development of the 1980 NAPAP (National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program) Emissions In-
ventory: Area Sources-Fall Sunday, Product R
(Version S.2). Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. D. Mobley, and S. Zelmanowitz. 1980, magtape
EPA/600/7-86/057R, EPA/DF/MT-88/018
See also PB87-182879.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB88-132121.
The 1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory 5.2 area source
emissions data for the 48 contiguous United States
and Canada (from 50 degrees to 125 degrees W. Lon-
gitude and from 25 degrees to 60 degrees N. Latitude)
are contained in the data file. Temporally, spatially,
and species-resolved emissions of 11 pollutants (S02,
S04, NOx, Pb, CO, HCl, HF, NH3, TSP, VOC, and total
hydrocarbons) for a typical spring weekday for 88
source categories from 3,070 U.S. counties and 150
source categories from 10 Canadian provinces are
present. The data file (Product R) is one of a series of
1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventoiv products. A report
('Development of the 1980 NAPAP Emissions Invento-
ry') documenting the contents of the data file is avail-
able as Product A. Other emissions inventory products
include data files containing U.S. and Canadian annual
point and area source emissions (Version 5.0) and
temporally, spatially, and species-resolved emissions
for a typical weekday, Saturday, and Sunday in each
season (Versions 5.2 and 5.3). Version 5.2 contains
total hydrocarbons (THC) speciated into 28 photo-
chemical reactivity classes, while THC in Version 5.3
are speciated into 10 classes based on carbon bond IV
chemistry.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, 'Electric utilities, Inventories, Magnetic tapes,
Sources, Precipitation(Meteorology), Sulfur dioxide,
Nitrogen oxides, 'Acid rain, National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program, Emissions inventory, Area
sources.
PB88-137302/HSU	CP T03
Development of the 1980 NAPAP (National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program) Emissions In-
ventory: Point Sources, Product S (Version 5.3).
Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. D. Mobley, and S. Zelmanowitz. 1980, magtape
EPA/600/7-86/057S, EPA/DF/MT-88/019
See also PB87-182879.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB88-132121.
The 1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory 5.2 area source
emissions data for the 48 contiguous United States
and Canada (from 50 degrees to 125 degrees W. Lon-
gitude and from 25 degrees to 60 degrees N. Latitude)
are contained in the data file. Temporally, spatially,
and species-resolved emissions of 11 pollutants (S02,
S04, NOx, Pb, CO, HCl, HF, NH3, TSP, VOC, and total
hydrocarbons) for a typical spring weekday for 88
source categories from 3,070 U.S. counties and 150
source categories from 10 Canadian provinces are
present. The data file (Product S) is one of a series of
1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory products. A report
('Development of the 1980 NAPAP Emissions Invento-
ry') documenting the contents of the data file is avail-
able as Product A. Other emissions inventory products
include data files containing U.S. and Canadian annual
point and area source emissions (Version 5.0) and
temporally, spatially, and species-resolved emissions
for a typical weekday, Saturday, and Sunday in each
season (Versions 5.2 and 5.3). Version 5.2 contains
total hydrocarbons (THC) speciated into 28 photo-
chemical reactivity classes, while THC in Version 5.3
are speciated into 10 classes based on carbon bond IV
chemistry.
Keywords'. 'Data file, 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, 'Electric utilities, Inventories, Magnetic tapes,
Sources, Precipitation(Meteorology), Sulfur dioxide,
Nitrogen oxides, 'Acid rain, National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program, Emissions inventory, Area
sources.
PB88-137310/HSU	CPT05
Development of the 1980 NAPAP (National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program) Emissions In-
ventory: Area Sources-Winter Weekday, Product
T (Version 5.3). Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J D. Mobley, and S. Zelmanowitz. 1980, mag tape
EPA/600/7-86/057T, EPA/DF/MT-88/020
See also PB87-182879.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB88-132121.
The 1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory 5.2 area source
emissions data for the 48 contiguous United States
and Canada (from 50 degrees to 125 degrees W. Lon-
gitude and from 25 degrees to 60 degrees N. Latitude)
are contained in the data file. Temporally, spatially,
and species-resolved emissions of 11 pollutants (S02,
S04, NOx, Pb, CO, HCl, HF, NH3, TSP, VOC, and total
hydrocarbons) for a typical spring weekday for 88
source categories from 3,070 U.S. counties and 150
source categories from 10 Canadian provinces are
present. The data file (Product T) is one of a series of
1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventoiv products. A report
('Development of the 1980 NAPAP Emissions Invento-
ry') documenting the contents of the data file is avail-
able as Product A. Other emissions inventory products
include data files containing U.S. and Canadian annual
point and area source emissions (Version 5.0) and
temporally, spatially, and species-resolved emissions
for a typical weekday, Saturday, and Sunday in each
season (Versions 5.2 and 5.3). Version 5.2 contains
total hydrocarbons (THC) speciated into 28 photo-
chemical reactivity classes, while THC in Version 5.3
are speciated into 10 classes based on carbon bond IV
chemistry.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, 'Electric utilities, Inventories, Magnetic tapes,
Sources, Precipitation(Meteorology), Sulfur dioxide,
Nitrogen oxides, 'Acid rain, National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program, Emissions inventory, Area
sources.
PB88-137328/HSU	CP T05
Development of the 1980 NAPAP (National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program) Emissions In-
ventory: Area Sources-Winter Saturday, Product
U (Version 5.3). Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. D. Mobley, and S. Zelmanowitz. 1980, mag tape
EPA/600/7-86/057U, EPA/DF/MT-88/021
See also PB87-182879.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB88-132121.
The 1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory 5.2 area source
emissions data for the 48 contiguous United States
and Canada (from 50 degrees to 125 degrees W. Lon-
gitude and from 25 degrees to 60 degrees N. Latitude)
are contained in the data file. Temporally, spatially,
and species-resolved emissions of 11 pollutants (S02,
S04, NOx, Pb, CO, HCI, HF, NH3, TSP, VOC, and total
hydrocarbons) for a typical spring weekday for 88
source categories from 3,070 U.S. counties and 150
source categories from 10 Canadian provinces are
present. The data file (Product U) is one of a series of
1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory products. A report
('Development of the 1980 NAPAP Emissions Invento-
ry') documenting the contents of the data file is avail-
able as Product A. Other emissions inventory products
include data files containing U.S. and Canadian annual
point and area source emissions (Version 5.0) and
temporally, spatially, and species-resolved emissions
for a typical weekday, Saturday, and Sunday in each
season (Versions 5.2 and 5.3). Version 5.2 contains
total hydrocarbons (THC) speciated into 28 photo-
chemical reactivity classes, while THC in Version 5.3
are speciated into 10 classes based on carbon bond IV
chemistry.
Keywords: "Data file, * Air pollution, "Exhaust emis-
sions, "Electric utilities, Inventories, Magnetic tapes,
Sources, Precipitation(Meteorology), Sulfur dioxide,
Nitrogen oxides, "Acid rain, National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program, Emissions inventory, Area
sources.
PB88-137336/HSU	CP T05
Development of the 1980 NAPAP (National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program) Emissions In-
ventory: Area Sources-Winter Sunday, Product V
(Version 5.3). Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. D. Mobley, and S. Zelmanowitz. 1980, mag tape
EPA/600/7-86/057V, EPA/DF/MT-88/022
See also PB87-182879.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB88-132121.
The 1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory 5.2 area source
emissions data for the 48 contiguous United States
and Canada (from 50 degrees to 125 degrees W. Lon-
gitude and from 25 degrees to 60 degrees N. Latitude)
are contained in the data file. Temporally, spatially,
and species-resolved emissions of 11 pollutants (S02,
S04, NOx, Pb, CO, HCI, HF, NH3, TSP, VOC, and total
hydrocarbons) for a typical spring weekday for 88
source categories from 3,070 U.S. counties and 150
source categories from 10 Canadian provinces are
present. The data file (Product W) is one of a series of
1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory products. A report
('Development of the 1980 NAPAP Emissions Invento-
ry') documenting the contents of the data file is avail-
able as Product A. Other emissions inventory products
include data files containing U.S. and Canadian annual
point and area source emissions (Version 5.0) and
temporally, spatially, and species-resolved emissions
for a typical weekday, Saturday, and Sunday in each
season (Versions 5.2 and 5.3). Version 5.2 contains
total hydrocarbons (THC) speciated into 28 photo-
chemical reactivity classes, while THC in Version 5.3
are speciated into 10 classes based on carbon bond IV
chemistry.
Keywords: "Data file, "Air pollution, "Exhaust emis-
sions, "Electric utilities. Inventories, Magnetic tapes,
Sources, Precipitation(Meteorology), Sulfur dioxide,
Nitrogen oxides, "Acid rain, National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program, Emissions inventory, Area
sources.
PB88-137344/HSU	CP T05
Development of the 1980 NAPAP (National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program) Emissions In-
ventory: Area Sources-Spring Weekday, Product
W (Version 5.3). Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
942 Vol. 90, No. 24
J. D. Mobley, and S. Zelmanowitz. 1980, mag tape
EPA/600/7-86/057W, EPA/DF/MT-88/023
See also PB87-182879.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB88-132121.
In 1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory 5.3 area source
emissions data for the 48 contiguous United States
and Canada (from 50 degrees to 125 degrees W. Lon-
gitude and from 25 degrees to 60 degrees N. Latitude)
are contained in the data file. Temporally, spatially,
and species-resolved emissions of 11 pollutants (S02,
S04, NOx, Pb, CO, HC1, HF, NH3, TSP, VOC, and
total hydrocarbons) for a typical spring weekday for 88
source categories from 3,070 U.S. counties and 150
source categories from 10 Canadian provinces are
present. The data file (Product W) is one of a series of
1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory products. A report
('Development of the 1980 NAPAP Emissions Invento-
ry') documenting the contents of the data file is avail-
able as Product A. Other emissions inventory products
include data files containing U.S. and Canadian annual
point and area source emissions (Version 5.0) and
temporally, spatially, and species-resolved emissions
for a typical weekday, Saturday, and Sunday in each
season (Versions 5.2 and 5.3). Version 5.2 contains
total hydrocarbons (THC) speciated into 28 photo-
chemical reactivity classes, while THC in Version 5.3
are speciated into 10 classes based on carbon bond IV
chemistry.
Keywords: "Data file, "Air pollution, "Exhaust emis-
sions, "Electric utilities, Inventories, Magnetic tapes,
Sources, Precipitation(Meteorology), Sulfur dioxide,
Nitrogen oxides, "Acid rain, National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program, Emissions inventory, Area
sources.
PB88-137351/HSU	CP T05
Development of the 1980 NAPAP (National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program) Emissions In-
ventory: Area Sources-Spring Saturday, Product
X (Version 5.3). Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. D. Mobley, and S. Zelmanowitz. 1980, mag tape
EOA/600/7-86/057X, EPA/DF/MT-88/024
See also PB87-182879.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB88-132121.
The 1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory 5.2 area source
emissions data for the 48 contiguous United States
and Canada (from 50 degrees to 125 degrees W. Lon-
gitude and from 25 degrees to 60 degrees N. Latitude)
are contained in the data file. Temporally, spatially,
and species-resolved emissions of 11 pollutants (S02,
S04, NOx, Pb, CO, HCI, HF, NH3, TSP, VOC, and total
hydrocarbons) for a typical spring weekday for 88
source categories from 3,070 U.S. counties and 150
source categories from 10 Canadian provinces are
present. The data file (Product X) is one of a series of
1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory products. A report
('Development of the 1980 NAPAP Emissions Invento-
ry') documenting the contents of the data file is avail-
able as Product A. Other emissions inventory products
include data files containing U.S. and Canadian annual
point and area source emissions (Version 5.0) and
temporally, spatially, and species-resolved emissions
for a typical weekday, Saturday, and Sunday in each
season (Versions 5.2 and 5.3). Version 5.2 contains
total hydrocarbons (THC) speciated into 28 photo-
chemical reactivity classes, while THC in Version 5.3
are speciated Into 10 classes based on carbon bond IV
chemistry.
Keywords: "Data file, "Air pollution, "Exhaust emis-
sions, "Electric utilities, Inventories, Magnetic tapes,
Sources, Precipitation(Meteorology), Sulfur dioxide,
Nitrogen oxides, "Acid rain, National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program, Emissions inventory, Area
sources.
PB88-137369/HSU	CP T05
Development of the 1980 NAPAP (National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program) Emissions In-
ventory: Area Sources-Spring Sunday, Product Y
(Version 5.3). Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. D. Mobley, and S. Zelmanowitz. 1980, mag tape
EPA/600/7-86/057Y, EPA/DF/MT-88/025
See also PB87-182879.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB88-132121.
The 1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory 5.2 area source
emissions data for the 48 contiguous United States
and Canada (from 50 degrees to 125 degrees W. Lon-
gitude and from 25 degrees to 60 degrees N. Latitude)
are contained in the data file. Temporally, spatially,
and species-resolved emissions of 11 pollutants (S02,
S04, NOx, Pb, CO, HCI, HF, NH3, TSP, VOC, and total
hydrocarbons) for a typical spring weekday for 88
source categories from 3,070 U.S. counties and 150
source categories from 10 Canadian provinces are
present. The data file (Product Y) is one of a series of
1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory products. A report
('Development of the 1980 NAPAP Emissions Invento-
ry') documenting the contents of the data file is avail-
able as Product A. Other emissions inventory products
include data files containing U.S. and Canadian annual
point and area source emissions (Version 5.0) and
temporally, spatially, and species-resolved emissions
for a typical weekday, Saturday, and Sunday in each
season (Versions 5.2 and 5.3). Version 5.2 contains
total hydrocarbons (THC) speciated into 28 photo-
chemical reactivity classes, while THC in Version 5.3
are speciated into 10 classes based on carbon bond IV
chemistry.
Keywords: "Data file, "Air pollution, "Exhaust emis-
sions, "Electric utilities, Inventories, Magnetic tapes,
Sources, Precipitation(Meteorology), Sulfur dioxide!
Nitrogen oxides, "Acid rain, National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program, Emissions inventory, Area
sources.
PB88-137377/HSU	CPT0S
Development of the 1980 NAPAP (National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program) Emissions In-
ventory: Area Sources-Summer Weekday, Pred>
uct Z (Version 5.3). Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. D. Mobley, and S. Zelmanowitz. 1980, mag tape
EPA/600/7-86/057Z, EPA/DF/MT-88/026
See also PB87-182879.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prix),
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB88-132121.
The 1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory 5.2 area source
emissions data for the 48 contiguous United States
and Canada (from 50 degrees to 125 degrees W. Lon-
gitude and from 25 degrees to 60 degrees N. Latitude)
are contained in the data file. Temporally, spatially,
and species-resolved emissions of 11 pollutants (S02'
S04, NOx, Pb, CO, HCI, HF, NH3, TSP, VOC, and totai
hydrocarbons) for a typical spring weekday for 88
source categories from 3,070 U.S. counties and 150
source categories from 10 Canadian provinces are
present. The data file (Product Z) is one of a series of
1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory products. A report
('Development of the 1980 NAPAP Emissions Invento-
ry') documenting the contents of the data file is avail-
able as Product A. Other emissions inventory products
include data files containing U.S. and Canadian annual
point and area source emissions (Version 5.0) and
temporally, spatially, and species-resolved emissions
for a typical weekday, Saturday, and Sunday in each
season (Versions 5.2 and 5.3). Version 5.2 contains
total hydrocarbons (THC) speciated into 28 photo-
chemical reactivity classes, while THC in Version 5.3
are speciated into 10 classes based on carbon bond IV
chemistry.
Keywords: "Data file, "Air pollution, "Exhaust emis-
sions, "Electric utilities, Inventories, Magnetic '"pan
Sources, Precipitation(Meteorology), Sulfur dioxide'
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Assessment Program, Emissions inventory, Area
sources.
PB88-137385/HSU	CP T05
Development of the 1980 NAPAP (National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program) Emissions In-
ventory: Area Sources-Summer Saturday, Product
AA (Version 5.3). Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. D. Mobley, and S. Zelmanowitz. 1980, magtape
EPA/600/7-86/057AA, EPA/DF/MT-88/027
See also PB87-182879.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB88-132121.
The 1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory 5.2 area source
emissions data for the 48 contiguous United States
and Canada (from 50 degrees to 125 degrees W. Lon-
gitude and from 25 degrees to 60 degrees N. Latitude)
are contained in the data file. Temporally, spatially,
and species-resolved emissions of 11 pollutants (S02,
S04, NOx, Pb, CO, HCI, HF, NH3, TSP, VOC, and total
hydrocarbons) for a typical spring weekday for 88
source categories from 3,070 U.S. counties and 150
source categories from 10 Canadian provinces are
present. The data file (Product AA) is one of a series of
1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventoiv products. A report
('Development of the 1980 NAPAP Emissions Invento-
ry') documenting the contents of the data file is avail-
able as Product A. Other emissions inventory products
include data files containing U.S. and Canadian annual
point and area source emissions (Version 5.0) and
temporally, spatially, and species-resolved emissions
for a typical weekday, Saturday, and Sunday in each
season (Versions 5.2 and 5.3). Version 5.2 contains
total hydrocarbons (THC) speciated into 28 photo-
chemical reactivity classes, while THC in Version 5.3
are speciated into 10 classes based on carbon bond IV
chemistry.
Keywords: "Data file, *Air pollution, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, 'Electric utilities, Inventories, Magnetic tapes,
Sources, Precipitation(Meteorology), Sulfur dioxide,
Nitrogen oxides, 'Acid rain, National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program, Emissions inventory, Area
sources.
PB88-137393/HSU	CP T05
Development of the 1980 NAPAP (National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program) Emissions In-
ventory: Area Sources-Summer Sunday, Product
BB (Version 5.3). Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. ~. Mobley, and S. Zelmanowitz. 19B0, magtape
EPA/600/7-86/057BB, EPA/DF/MT-88/028
See also PB87-182879.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB88-132121.
The 1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory 5.2 area source
emissions data for the 48 contiguous United States
and Canada (from 50 degrees to 125 degrees W. Lon-
gitude and from 25 degrees to 60 degrees N. Latitude)
are contained in the data file. Temporally, spatially,
and species-resolved emissions of 11 pollutants (S02,
S04, NOx, Pb, CO, HCI, HF, NH3, TSP, VOC, and total
hydrocarbons) for a typical spring weekday for 88
source categories from 3,070 U.S. counties and 150
source categories from 10 Canadian provinces are
present. The data file (Product BB) is one of a series of
1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory products. A report
('Development ol the 1980 NAPAP Emissions Invento-
ry') documenting the contents of the data file is avail-
able as Product A. Other emissions inventory products
include data files containing U.S. and Canadian annual
point and area source emissions (Version 5.0) and
temporally, spatially, and species-resolved emissions
for a typical weekday, Saturday, and Sunday in each
season (Versions 5.2 and 5.3). Version 5.2 contains
total hydrocarbons (THC) speciated into 28 photo-
chemical reactivity classes, while THC in Version 5.3
are speciated into 10 classes based on carbon bond IV
chemistry.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, 'Electric utilities, Inventories, Magnetic tapes,
Sources, Precipitation(Meteorology), Sulfur dioxide,
Nitrogen oxides, 'Acid rain, National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program, Emissions inventory, Area
sources.
PB88-137401/HSU	CP T05
Development of the 1980 NAPAP (National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program) Emissions In-
ventory: Area Sources-Fall Weekday, Product CC
(Version 5.3). Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. D. Mobley, and S. Zelmanowitz. 1980, mag tape
EPA/600/7-86/057CC, EPA/DF/MT-88/029
See also PB87-182879.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB88-132121.
The 1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory 5.2 area source
emissions data for the 48 contiguous United States
and Canada (from 50 degrees to 125 degrees W. Lon-
gitude and from 25 degrees to 60 degrees N. Latitude)
are contained in the data file. Temporally, spatially,
and species-resolved emissions of 11 pollutants (S02,
S04, NOx, Pb, CO, HCI, HF, NHS, TSP, VOC, and total
hydrocarbons) for a typical spring weekday for 88
source categories from 3,070 U.S. counties and 150
source categories from 10 Canadian provinces are
present. The data file (Product CC) is one of a series of
1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory products. A report
('Development of the 1980 NAPAP Emissions Invento-
ry') documenting the contents of the data file is avail-
able as Product A. Other emissions inventory products
include data files containing U.S. and Canadian annual
point and area source emissions (Version 5.0) and
temporally, spatially, and species-resolved emissions
for a typical weekday, Saturday, and Sunday in each
season (Versions 5.2 and 5.3). Version 5.2 contains
total hydrocarbons (THC) speciated Into 28 photo-
chemical reactivity classes, while THC in Version 5.3
are speciated into 10 classes based on carbon bond IV
chemistry.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, 'Electric utilities. Inventories, Magnetic tapes,
Sources, Precipitation(Meteorology), Sulfur dioxide,
Nitrogen oxides, 'Acid rain, National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program, Emissions inventory, Area
sources.
PB88-137419/HSU	CP T05
Development of the 1980 NAPAP (National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program) Emissions In-
ventory: Area Sources. Fall Saturday, Product DD
(Version 5.3). Data file.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. D. Mobley, and S. Zelmanowitz. 1980, mag tape
EPA/600/7-86/057DD, EPA/DF/MT-88/030
See also PB87-182879.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB88-132121.
The 1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory 5.2 area source
emissions data for the 48 contiguous United States
and Canada (from 50 degrees to 125 degrees W. Lon-
gitude and from 25 degrees to 60 degrees N. Latitude)
are contained in the data file. Temporally, spatially,
and species-resolved emissions of 11 pollutants (S02,
S04, NOx, Pb, CO, HCI, HF, NH3, TSP, VOC, and total
hydrocarbons) for a typical spring weekday for 88
source categories from 3,070 U.S. counties and 150
source categories from 10 Canadian provinces are
present. The data file (Product DD) is one of a series of
1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventoiy products. A report
('Development of the 1980 NAPAP Emissions Invento-
ry') documenting the contents of the data file is avail-
able as Product A. Other emissions inventory products
include data files containing U.S. and Canadian annual
point and area source emissions (Version 5.0) and
temporally, spatially, and species-resolved emissions
for a typical weekday, Saturday, and Sunday in each
season (Versions 5.2 and 5.3). Version 5.2 contains
total hydrocarbons (THC) speciated into 28 photo-
chemical reactivity classes, while THC in Version 5.3
are speciated into 10 classes based on carbon bond IV
chemistry.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, 'Electric utilities, Inventories, Magnetic tapes,
Sources, Precipitation(Meteorology), Sulfur dioxide,
Nitrogen oxides, 'Acid rain, National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program, Emissions inventory, Area
sources.
PB88-137427/HSU	CP T05
Development of the 1980 NAPAP (National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program) Emissions In-
ventory: Area Sources-Fall Sunday, Product EE
(Version 5.3). Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. D. Mobley, and S. Zelmanowitz. 1980, mag tape
EPA/600/7-86/057EE, EPA/DF/MT-88/031
See also PB87-182879.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB88-132121.
The 1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory 5.2 area source
emissions data for the 48 contiguous United States
and Canada (from 50 degrees to 125 degrees W. Lon-
gitude and from 25 degrees to 60 degrees N. Latitude)
are contained in the data file. Temporally, spatially,
and species-resolved emissions of 11 pollutants (S02,
S04, NOx, Pb, CO, HCI, HF, NH3, TSP, VOC, and total
hydrocarbons) for a typical spring weekday for 88
source categories from 3,070 U.S. counties and 150
source categories from 10 Canadian provinces are
present. The data file (Product EE) is one of a series of
1980 NAPAP Emissions Inventory products. A report
('Development of the 1980 NAPAP Emissions Invento-
ry') documenting the contents of the data file is avail-
able as Product A. Other emissions inventory products
include data files containing U.S. and Canadian annual
point and area source emissions (Version 5.0) and
temporally, spatially, and species-resolved emissions
for a typical weekday, Saturday, and Sunday in each
season (Versions 5.2 and 5.3). Version 5.2 contains
total hydrocarbons (THC) speciated into 28 photo-
chemical reactivity classes, while THC in Version 5.3
are speciated into 10 classes based on carbon bond IV
chemistry.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, 'Electric utilities, Inventories, Magnetic tapes,
Sources, Precipitation(Meteorology), Sulfur dioxide,
Nitrogen oxides, 'Acid rain, National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program, Emissions inventory. Area
sources.
PB88-137534/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Fossil and Nonfossll Fueled-Flred Industrial Boil-
ers - Background Information for Promulgated
S02 Standards. Volume 4. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sep 87,240p* EPA/450/3-87/024
See also Volume 3, PB87-136800. Prepared in coop-
eration with Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park,
NC.
The document summarizes EPA's response to public
comments received on proposed new source perform-
ance standards for sulfur dioxide emissions from new
coal- and oil-fired industrial-commercial-institutional
steam generating units and particulate matter emis-
sions from oil-fired units (51 FR 22384, June 19,1986).
Alternative S02 control technologies and regulatory
options are discussed in terms of S02 emission reduc-
tion capability, costs of control, secondary environ-
mental impacts, national impacts, industry-specific
economic impacts, emerging technologies, and moni-
toring, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements. In
addition, the impacts of allowing emission credits for
cogeneration and mixed fuel-fired steam generating
units are reviewed. This document is intended to serve
as an overview of the analyses and regulatory alterna-
tives considered during the standards development
process.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide,
Standards, Boilers, Fossil fuels, Cogeneration, Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Steam generating units.
PB88-137559/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Alabama Dept. of Economic and Community Affairs,
Montgomery.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Symposium on the Natural Resources of the
Mobile Bay Estuary,
Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium, Ocean
Springs, MS.
T. A. Lowery. Feb 87, 218p MASGP-87-007
Sponsored by Alabama Dept. of Economic and Com-
munity Affairs, Montgomery, Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC., Corps of Engineers, Wash-
ington, DC., and Fish and Wildlife Service, Washing-
ton, DC.
The symposium was the second in a series to present
the results of studies, management activities and relat-
ed information pertinent to improving the communal
stewardship of the Mobile Bay Estuary. The papers
presented dealt with: The resources of Mobile Bay;
Fisheries research and management; Benthic and wet-
land resources; Habitat preservation, Restoration and
mitigation; Educational efforts; Hydrography, circula-
tion, water quality and pollutants. The primary objec-
tives of the symposium were to bring the information
together and to identify a new set of management/re-
search recommendations.
Keywords: "Estuaries, 'Natural resources, "Coasts,
Meetings, Mobile Bay, Coastal topographic features,
Fisheries, Hydrography, Benthonic zone, Benthos,
Contaminants, Water quality, Aquatic animals, Aquatic
plants, Habitat, Pollutants, Wetlands.
PB88-137732/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ter-
ephthallc Acid.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84, 39p EPA/600/X-84/109
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ter-
ephthalic Acid was prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Crite-
ria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous
constituents of a wide range of waste streams under
Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act (RCRA). Both published literature and infor-
mation obtained from Agency program office tiles were
evaluated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Exist-
ing data are insufficient to determine an Acceptable
Daily Intake (ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for
Terephthalic Acid.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Terephthalic acids.
PB88-137740/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
T richloropropanes.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,32p EPA/600/X-84/121
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for trich-
loropropanes was prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Crite-
ria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous
constituents of a wide range of waste streams under
Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act (RCRA). Both published literature and infor-
mation obtained from Agency program office files were
evaluated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Exist-
ing data are insufficient to determine an Acceptable
Daily Intake (ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for
trichloropropanes.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Propanes/trichloro.
944 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB88-137757/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bro-
mobenzenes.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84, 62p EPA/600/X-84/128
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bro-
mobenzenes was prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous con-
stituents of a wide range of waste streams under Sec-
tion 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Exist-
ing data are insufficient to determine an Acceptable
Daily Intake (ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for
Bromobenzenes as a class. 1,4-Dibromobenzene,
1,2,4-Tribromobenzene and Hexabromobenzene have
been determined to be systemic toxicants. An Accept-
able Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount of a
chemical to which humans can be exposed on a daily
basis over an extended period of time (usually a life-
time) without suffering a deleterious effect, for 1,4-Di-
bromobenzene is .01 (mg/kg bw/day), for 1,2,4-Tribro-
mobezene is .005 (mg/kg bw/day) and for Hexabro-
mobenzene is .002 (mg/kg bw/day) for oral exposure.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, Organic bromine compounds, "Health
and Environmental Effects Profiles, "Resource Con-
servation and Recovery Act, Carcinogenesis, Accepta-
ble Daily Intake, Toxic substances, Pharmacokinetics,
"Bromobenzenes.
PB88-137765/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1,2-
Diethylhydrazlne.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,27p EPA/600/X-84/132
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1,2-
diethylhydrazine was prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Crite-
ria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous
constituents of a wide range of waste streams under
Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act (RCRA). Both published literature and infor-
mation obtained from Agency program office files were
evaluated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Exist-
ing data are insufficient to determine an Acceptable
Daily Intake (ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for
1,2-diethylhydrazine.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics.
PB88-137773/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1,2-
Dlmethylhydrazine.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,53p EPA/600/X-84/135
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1,2-
dimethylhydrazine was prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmen-
tal Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste to support listings of hazard-
ous constituents of a wide range of waste streams
under Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA). Both published literature and
information obtained from Agency program office files
were evaluated as they pertained to potential human
health, aquatic life and environmental effects of haz-
ardous waste constituents. Quantitative estimates
have been presented provided sufficient data are
available. 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine has been evaluated
as a carcinogen. The human carcinogen potency
factor (q1 *) for 1,2-dimethylhydrazine is 1400 per (mg/
kg bw/day) for oral exposure.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, "Dimeth-
ylhydrazines, Streams, Water pollution, 'Health and
Environmental Effects Profiles, "Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act, Carcinogenesis, Acceptable
Daily Intake, Toxic substances, Pharmacokinetics.
PB88-137781/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Buty-
late.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,26p EPA/600/X-84/139
See also PB88-102744.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for buty-
late was prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and As-
sessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste to support listings of hazardous constituents of
a wide range of waste streams under Section 3001 of
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Butylate
has been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An Ac-
ceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount of a
chemical to which humans can be exposed on a daily
basis over an extended period of time (usually a life-
time) without suffering a deleterious effect, for butylate
is .1 (mg/kg bw/day) for oral exposure.
Keywords'. "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Pesti-
cides, Streams, Water pollution, Herbicides, 'Health
and environmental effects profiles, 'Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act, Carcinogenesis, Acceptable
Daily Intake, Toxic substances, Pharmacokinetics,
•Butylate, CAS 2008-41-5.
PB88-137799/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Mo-
linate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84, 46p EPA/600/X-84/137
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for mo-
linate was prepared by the Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous constitu-
ents of a wide range of waste streams under Section
3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Art
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Molinate
has been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An Ac-
ceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount of a
chemical to which humans can be exposed on a daily
basis over an extended period of time (usually a life-
time) without suffering a deleterious effect, for molin-
ate is .0006 (mg/kg bw/day) for oral exposure.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams
Water pollution, 'Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic subl
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "MolinaO.
PB88-137807/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Pa.
bulate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84, 35p EPA/600/X-84/138
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for pebt*
late was prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and As-
sessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste to support listings of hazardous constituents of
a wide range of waste streams under Section 3001 of
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquatl
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Pebulate
has been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An Ac-
ceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount of a
chemical to which humans can be exposed on a daily
basis over an extended period of time (usually a life-
time) without suffering a deleterious effect, for pebu-
late is .05 (mg/kg bw/day) for oral exposure.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Pebulate.
PB88-137815/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ver-
nolate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84, 32p EPA/600/X-84/140
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for ver-
nolate was prepared by the Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous constitu-
ents of a wide range of waste streams under Section
3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Verno-
late has been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount
of a chemical to which humans can be exposed on a
daily basis over an extended period of time (usually a
lifetime) without suffering a deleterious effect, for ver-
nolate is .05 (mg/kg bw/day) for oral exposure.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Vernolate.
PB88-137023/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-
Propenolc Acid.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,34p EPA/600/X-84/146
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-
Propenoic Acid was prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Crite-
ria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous
constituents of a wide range of waste streams under
Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act (RCRA). Both published literature and infor-
mation obtained from Agency program office files were
evaluated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Exist-
ing data are insufficient to determine an Acceptable
Daily Intake (ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for
2-Propenoic Acid.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Propenoic acid.
PB88-137831/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1,1'-
Blphenyl.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,34p EPA/600/X-84/147
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1,1'-
biphenyl was prepared by the Office of Health and En-
vironmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous constitu-
ents of a wide range of waste streams under Section
3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. f,1'-Bi-
phenyl has been determined to be a systemic toxicant.
An Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the
amount of a chemical to which humans can be ex-
posed on a daily basis over an extended period of time
(usually a lifetime) without suffering a deleterious
effect, for l,f'-blphenyl is .05 (mg/kg bw/day) for oral
exposure.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams.
Water pollution, 'Health and environmental effects
profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Biphenyl.
PB88-137849/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Di-
methyl Terephthalate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,34p EPA/600/X-84/152
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for di-
methyl terephthalate was prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmen-
tal Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste to support listings of hazard-
ous constituents of a wide range of waste streams
under Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA). Both published literature and
information obtained from Agency program office files
were evaluated as they pertained to potential human
health, aquatic life and environmental effects of haz-
ardous waste constituents. Quantitative estimates
have been presented provided sufficient data are
available. Dimethyl terephthalate has been determined
to be a systemic toxicant. An Acceptable Daily Intake
(ADI), defined as the amount of a chemical to which
humans can be exposed on a daily basis over an ex-
tended period of time (usually a lifetime) without suffer-
ing a deleterious effect, for dimethyl terephthalate is
. 13 (mg/kg bw/day) for oral exposure.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Terephthalate/dimethyl.
PB88-1378S6/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Etho-
Invlronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,31 p EPA/600/X-84/154
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for etho-
prop was prepared by the Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous constitu-
ents of a wide range of waste streams under Section
3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential'human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Existing
data are insufficient to determine an Acceptable Daily
Intake (ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for etho-
prop.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Ethoprop.
PB88-137864/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Alachlor.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,35p EPA/800/X-84/226
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
alachlor was prepared by the Office of Health and En-
vironmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous constitu-
ents of a wide range of waste streams under Section
3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Alachlor
has been evaluated as a carcinogen. The human car-
cinogen potency factor (q1 *) for alachlor is .1 (mg/kg
per bw/day) for oral exposure.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and environmental effects
profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable daily intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, Alachlor.
P088-137872/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dinl-
trophenols.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jar 84,39p EPA/600/X-84/153
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2,4-
Dinitrophenol was prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Crite-
ria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous
constituents of a wide range of waste streams under
Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act (RCRA). Both published literature and infor-
mation obtained from Agency program office files were
evaluated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Existing data are insufficient to de-
termine an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) or a carcino-
genic potency factor for other Dinitrophenol isomers.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, *Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Dinitrophenols.
PB88-137880/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effecta Profile for
Phosphorothlolc Acid, Trlmethyl Esters.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,27p EPA/600/X-84/187
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Phosphorothioic Acid, trimethyl. esters was prepared
by the Office of Health and Environmental Assess-
ment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office,
Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste to support
listings of hazardous constituents of a wide range of
waste streams under Section 3001 of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Both pub-
lished literature and information obtained from Agency
program office files were evaluated as they pertained
to potential human health, aquatic life and environ-
mental effects of hazardous waste constituents. Quan-
titative estimates have been presented provided suffi-
cient data are available. Existing data are insufficient
to determine an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) or a car-
cinogenic potency factor for Phosphorothioic Acid, tri-
methyl esters.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Phosphorothioic acid,
'Trimethyl esters.
PB88-137898/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methylcyclohexane.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office
Jan 84,30p EPA/600/X-84/203
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for meth-
ylcyclohexane was prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Crite-
ria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
constituents of a wide range of waste streams under
Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act (RCRA). Both published literature and infor-
mation obtained from Agency program office files were
evaluated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Exist-
ing data are insufficient to determine an Acceptable
Daily Intake (ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for
methylcyclohexane.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Hexane/methylcyclo.
PB88-137906/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bro-
moxynil Octanoate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84, 23p EPA/600/X-84/227
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for bro-
moxynil octanoate was prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmen-
tal Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste to support listings of hazard-
ous constituents of a wide range of waste streams
under Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA). Both published literature and
information obtained from Agency program office files
were evaluated as they pertained to potential human
health, aquatic life and environmental effects of haz-
ardous waste constituents. Quantitative estimates
have been presented provided sufficient data are
available. Bromoxynil octanoate has been determined
to be a systemic toxicant. An Acceptable Daily Intake
(ADI), defined as the amount of a chemical to which
humans can be exposed on a daily basis over an ex-
tended period of time (usually a lifetime) without suffer-
ing a deleterious effect, for bromoxynil octanoate is .03
(mg/kg bw/day) for oral exposure.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Bromoxynil octanoate.
PB88-138177/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Guide to Energy from Municipal Waste for Small
Communities,
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
D. Richards, and B. Burgher. Oct 82,117p* EPA/SW-
958
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Energy recovery is emerging as a viable solid waste
management alternative for many smaller communi-
ties in the United States; however, the implementation
of such projects requires considerable investment in
front-end planning and development, which many mu-
nicipal officials cannot make white significant doubts
exist as to the suitability of the solid waste manage-
ment alternative for their communities. The objective
of the guide is to provide these officials with the means
to perform a preliminary assessment of the feasibility
of energy recovery with a minimum amount of effort
and cost. The guide is intended for communities with
populations ranging from approximately 30,000 to
200,000. The technology discussed in the document is
limited to the consideration of modular incineration,
which is generally the most appropriate technology for
small communities.
Keywords: "Municipal wastes, "Energy, Solid wastes,
Bioconversion, Chemical properties, Refuse derived
fuels, Resource recovery facilities, Communities, Fea-
sibility studies. Modular incineration.
PB88-139605/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Atmospheric Chemistry of cis- and trans-3-
Hexene-2,5-dione. Journal article, .	_
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
946 Vol. 90, No. 24
E. C. Tuazon, R. Atkinson, and W. P. L. Carter. c1985,
7p EPA/600/J-85/506
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v19
n3 p265-269 Mar 85. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Sciences Research Lab.
The atmospheric chemistry of cis- and trans-2-hexene-
2,5-dione has been studied. These isomers have been
postulated as products of the atmospheric degradation
of aromatic hydrocarbons. The photolysis of these iso-
mers and their reaction with OH and 03 were investi-
gated. In addition to determining rate constants for
these processes, the products of these reactions were
also identified. The atmospheric implications of these
results are discussed. (Copyright (c) 1985 by the
American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: "Decomposition reactions, "Hydrocarbons,
"Air pollution control, Chemical radicals, Photolysis,
Isomerization, Chemical properties, Formaldehyde, Ni-
trites, Inorganic nitrates, Concentration(Composition),
Butenes, Pentenes, Hexenes, Nitrogen oxides, Infra-
red spectrometers, Ozone, Reprints, Methyl nitrates,
Dicarbonyls, Dione.
PB88-139613/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Response of the Phoxocephalid Amphlpod, 'Rhe-
poxynlus abronius', to a Small Oil Spill in Yaqulna
Bay, Oregon. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Narragansett, Newport,
OR. Mark O. Hatfield Marine Science Center.
P. F. Kemp, R. C. Swartz, and J. O. Lamberson. c1986,
10p EPA/600/J-86/417, ERLN-N020
Pub. in Estuaries, v9 n4B p340-347 Dec 86. Prepared
in cooperation with Oregon State Univ., Newport. Hat-
field Marine Science Center.
A spill of approximately 284,000 liters of Bunker C and
diesel fuel oils occurred at the entrance of Yaquina
Bay, Oregon, following the wreck of the freighter Blue
Magpie on 19 November 1983. A portion of the oil en-
tered the lower estuary and was deposited on subtidal
benthic habitats occupied by the phoxocephalid am-
phipod Rhepoxynius abronius. The species is particu-
larly sensitive to contaminants in sediment and its life
history had previously been studied at the same sites
affected by the spill. The oil was initially present as
small, sand-coated globules at the study site, and per-
sisted in association with detritus and sediment for
months. Bioassays with Rhepoxynius abronius
showed that the oil globules were not acutely toxic
unless mixed into the sediment at concentrations of
1.0 parts per thousand or greater. A series of 10-d
bioassays before and after the spill showed that sedi-
ment collected from oiled subtidal sites did not
become acutely toxic to the species.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Sediments, "Water pollution,
"Crude oil, Crustacea, Bioassay, Mortality, Survival,
Oregon, Reprints, "Repoxynius abronius.
PB88-139621/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Photoproductlon of Hydrated Electrons from Nat-
ural Organic Solutes in Aquatic Environments.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
R. G. Zepp, A. M. Braun, J. Hoigne, and J. A. Leenheer.
C1987,8p EPA/600/J-87/102
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v21
n5 p485-490 May 87. Prepared in cooperation with
Ecole Polytechnique Federate de Lausanne (Switzer-
land). Inst, de Chimie Physique, Eidgenoessische An-
stalt fuer Wasserversorgung, Abwasserreinigung und
Gewaesserschultz, Duebendorf (Switzerland), and Ge-
ological Survey, Lakewood, CO.
Laser flash photolysis was used to investigate the tran-
sients formed on absorption of 355-nm light by dis-
solved organic matter (DOM) from natural water
bodies and from soil. Absorption spectra and quench-
ing studies of the transients provided confirming evi-
dence that hydrated electrons were formed by all of
the DOM that were studied. The DOM from the Suwan-
nee River in Georgia and from the Greifensee, a Swiss
lake, exhibited great variability in light-absorbing prop-
erties. Despite the high variability in absorption coeffi-
cients, the primary quantum yields for electron ejection
from the Greifensee and Suwanee DOM fell in a
narrow range (0.005-0.008). (Copyright (c) 1987 by the
American Chemical Society and reprinted by permis-
sion of the copyright owner.)
Keywords: "Protolysis, "Organic materials, "Irradia-
tion, "Stream pollution, Chemical lasers, Soils, Adsorp-
tion, Electrons, Chlorine organic compounds, Ethan-
ols, Chlorides, Solutes, Ions, Suwannee River, Geor-
gia, Greifensee Lake, Switzerland, Reprints.
PB88-139639/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pulmonary Effects Due to Short-Term Exposure
to Oil Fog. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. K. Selgrade, G. E. Hatch, E. C. Grose, J. W. Illing
and A. G. Snead. c1987,15p EPA/600/J-87/094
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health,
v2l pi73-185 1987. Prepared in cooperation with Nor-
throp Services, Inc., Durham, NC. Inhalation Toxicol-
ogy Group, and Experimental Pathology Associates,
Research T riangle Park, NC.
Rats were exposed to an oil fog generated by flash va-
porization and subsequent condensation of light
weight lubricating oil. Exposures were for 3.5 hrs/day,
4 days/wk, for 4 wks, at concentrations of 1.5, 0.5, or
0.1 mg/1 and a particle size of approximately 1 micron-
ole. Samples of respiratory tissues were taken for his-
topathologic analyses, lavage fluid samples were col-
lected, and pulmonary function measurements were
made the day after the last exposure. An accumulation
of macrophages within the alveolar lumen, an increase
in lavage fluid protein content, and an increase in total
cell content in lavage fluid due to an influx of polymor-
phonuclear leukocytes was noted in rats exposed at
the 1.5 mg level. Also, for the exposure group there
was an increase in lung wet and dry weight and an in-
crease in end expiratory volume, and pneumonitis was
observed histopathologically in 4 of 10 male rats ex-
posed. Pneumonitis was not observed among 6
female rats examined. Oil fog had no effect on total
lung capacity, residual volume, vital capacity, King
compliance, or the distribution of ventilated air within
the lung. Effects following exposure to 0.5 mg/1 were
limited to slight accumulation of macrophages in the
alveolar lumen and an increase in the total cells in
lavage fluid which could not be attributed to an in-
crease in any particular cell type.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Respiratory system, Expo-
sure, Rats, Laboratory animals, Vaporization, HJsto-
pathology, Reprints, "Air pollution effects, "Oil fog.
PB88-139647/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Comparative Study of the Effects of Inhaled Cad-
mium Chloride and Cadmium Oxide: Pulmonary
Response. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianole
Park. NC.
E. C. Grose, J. H. Richards, R. H. Jaskot, M. G.
Menache, and J. A. Graham. C1987,16p EPA/600/J-
87/095
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health,
v21 p219-232 1987. Prepared in cooperation with Nor-
throp Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC., and
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
The effect of aerosols of cadmium chloride (CdCIS)
and cadmium oxide (CdO) on pulmonary biochemical
function were compared. Rats and rabbits were ex-
posed to 0.25, 0.45 or 4.5 mg Cd/cu. m. for 2 hr Pul-
monary toxicity was determined histologically and bio-
chemically. Cadmium chloride and CdO showed a dep-
osition response that was linearly related to the cham-
ber concentration. Both compounds caused multifocal
interstitial pneumonitis 72 hr after exposure, but the
CdO lesion was more severe with proliferation of fibro-
cytic-like cells as well as pneumocytes. Comparing the
two Cd compounds at the highest concentration 4 5"
mg Cd/cu. m., the biochemical responses in the rat
were similar. The majority of the effects occurred 72 hr
after exposure with significant increases in: luna
weight, lung to body weight ratio, homogenate and su-
pernatant total protein, GSH-reductase, GSH-transfer-
ase, and G-6-PDH. However, GSH-peroxidase was in-
hibited immediately after the CdO exposure.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Bioassay, Dosage, Rats Rab-
bits, Laboratory animals, Reprints. "Air pollution e»
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-139662/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Drinking Water Transmission of Giardiasis in the
United State*. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
E. W. Akin, and W. Jakubowski. 1986,10p EPA/600/J-
86/423
Supersedes PB87-102802. Pub. in Water Science and
Technology, v18 n10 p219-226 Oct 86.
For about a century after Giardia was named by Lambl
in 1859, the occurrence of the organism in humans
was not widely considered significant in explaining the
etiology of disease. The organism is now recognized
as a cause of disease that ranges from mild to severe
and debilitating gastroenteritis. Beginning in 1965,
drinking water became increasingly implicated as an
important route of transmission. An outbreak occurred
in a Colorado ski resort in that year. A survey of visitors
to the resort revealed that 123 persons experienced
acute enteritis, possibly giardiasis. Sewage contamina-
tion of the well water supply was thought to be the
source of the organism. Further evidence for water-
borne transmission of Giardia came in 1975 with the
first isolation of the organism from a water supply impli-
cated in an outbreak. A cyst was isolated from the
water supply during an extended outbreak that result-
ed in 359 confirmed cases over a 7-month period.
Keywords: *Water supply, 'Disease vectors, "Giardia-
sis, History, Etiology, Gastrointestinal diseases, Re-
prints, "Drinking water.
PB88-139670/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Spatial Variation of the Evolution and Structure of
the Urban Boundary Layer. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. M. Godowitch, J. K. S. Ching, and J. F. Clarke. 1987,
26p EPA/600/J-87/106
Pub. in Boundary-Layer Meteorology, v38 p249-272
Mar 87.
The spatial variation of the nocturnal urban boundary
layer structure and the time variation of the mixing
height, the nocturnal inversion top and strength after
sunrise are presented for urban sites located upwind,
downwind, and near the center of the heat island and
for upwind nonurban sites. Observations were ob-
tained from high resolution temperature soundings
made by helicopter spirals during 35 morning experi-
ments in St. Louis, Missouri. The mixing height (base of
the nocturnal inversion) evolved in a parabolic manner
after sunrise at the urban locations. A rise in the inver-
sion top after sunrise at urban sites is believed to be
due to low level convergence which caused the entire
inversion layer to be lifted. Large horizontal tempera-
ture gradients are associated with the heat island
effect at the surface.
Keywords: 'Boundary layer, 'Temperature inversion,
'Urban areas, Mixing, Heating, Sites, Temperature
gradients, Advection, Cooling, Atmospheric sounding,
Helicopters, Missouri, Reprints, Saint Louis(Missouri),
Atmospheric boundary layer, Sunrise.
PB88-139753/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Comparative Study of Water Chemistry Analyses
from Canada, Norway, and the United States: Ana-
lytical Methods and Raw Data,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
M. A. Stapanian. Dec 87,29p EPA/600/4-87/043
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The report is a description of analytical methods and a
data compendium of results obtained by Canadian and
Norwegian laboratories for a comparative study con-
ducted during the Eastern Lakes Survey (Phase I) of
the National Surface Water Survey. Samples from 97
lakes in North Carolina and from 92 lakes in New York
State were studied. The analytical methods used by
each of the live laboratories are documented. The
data from the analyses conducted by the Norwegian
and Canadian laboratories are presented.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, "Chemical analysis, 'Sta-
tistical analysis, Specimens(Statistics), Sampling, Sur-
face waters, Fresh water. Water quality, Lakes,
Tables(Data), Canada, Norway, National Surface
Water Survey.
PB88-139837/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Aircraft Observations of Extreme Ozone Concen-
trations Near Thunderstorms. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. F. Clarke, and G. W. Griffing. 1985,8p EPA/600/J-
85/504
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v19 n7 p1175-1179
Jul 85.
Anomalously large short-term ozone concentrations
were observed on several occasions by aircraft during
an experiment on August 5, 1980, to characterize the
physical and chemical properties of the Baltimore
urban plume. The ozone 'spikes' of about 500 ppb
were traversed by aircraft in less than 30 s (travel dis-
tance of less than 2 km). Analysis of these and ancil-
lary data suggest that the ozone spikes may have re-
sulted from ozone production by chemical reactions
activated by lightning associated with thunderstorms.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Aircraft, 'Urban areas, 'Air pollu-
tion, Concentration(Composition), Plumes, Chemical
reactions, Detection, Lightning, Thunderstorms, Mary-
land, Abnormalities, Reprints, Baltimore(Maryland).
PB88-139845/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Nitrate-Induced Photooxidatlon of Trace Organic
Chemicals In Water. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
R. G. Zepp, J. Hoigne, and H. Bader. C1987,10p EPA/
600/J-87/101
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v21
n5 p443-450 May 87. Prepared in cooperation with
Eidgenoessische Anstalt fuer Wasserversorgung, Ab-
wasserreinigung und Gewaesserschultz, Duebendorf
(Switzerland).
The oxidation kinetics of butyl chloride, nitrobenzene,
anisole, and methylmercury in the presence of hy-
droxyl radical (OH) scavengers were used to deter-
mine the rate and quantum efficiency for production of
OH from irradiated nitrate ions in water. The experi-
ments were conducted under steady-state irradiations
with monochromatic radiation (313 nm) and with sun-
light. The mean quantum efficiency for OH production
at 313 nm rises from 0.013 plus or minus 0.002 at 20 C
to 0.017 plus or minus 0.003 at 30 C in the pH range
6.2-8.2. Results of this study are used to estimate ni-
trate-induced photooxidation rates of trace organic
chemicals under a variety of environmental conditions.
Keywords: 'Photooxidation, Nitrates, Reprints, "Water
pollution control. Trace elements. Irradiation.
PB88-139852/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluating Asphalt Cap Effectiveness at Super-
fund Site. Journal article,
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
E. W. Repa, J. G. Herrmann, E. F. Tokarski, and R. T.
Eades. C1987,7p EPA/600/J-87/103
Contract EPA-68-03-3113
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Engineering, v113 n3
p649-653 Jun 87. Prepared in cooperation with Nation-
al Solid Wastes Management Association, Washing-
ton, DC., and Massachusetts Univ., Amherst. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati,
OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
A two-phase interim remedial measure plan was devel-
oped for the Western Processing Co., Inc. Superfund
site with the objective of reducing the quantity of pre-
cipitation contacting the site, becoming contaminated,
and then running off or infiltrating through the surface.
Phase I involved the implementation of a drainage
control plan while Phase II, the subject of the paper, in-
volved the installation of an asphalt cap on a portion of
the site. Cores were taken from the cap and tested to
determine their intrinsic permeability and percent air
voids. Intrinsic permeabilities were used to calculate
hydraulic conductivities for the cores. The results of
the testing showed that the cap was constructed of a
relatively permeable asphalt concrete which would
not, based on the hydraulic conductivities calculated,
result in an impermeable cap. Consequently, achieving
the interim remedial measure plan objective had to be
based solely on the success of the Phase I drainage
control plan.
Keywords: 'Asphalt, Effectiveness, Reprints, 'Solid
waste disposal, 'Superfund.
PB88-139860/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Yields of Glyoxal and Methylglyoxal from the
NOx-AIr Photooxldations of Toluene and m- and
p-Xylene. Journal article,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
E. C. Tuazon, R. Atkinson, H. Mac Leod, H. W.
Biermann, and A.M. Winer. c1984,7p EPA/600/J-84/
408
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v18
n12 p981-984 Dec 84. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy
and differential optical absorption spectroscopy have
been used to determine the yields of glyoxal and meth-
ylglyoxal from the reaction of hydroxy! radicals with tol-
uene, m-xylene and p-xylene. The yields of glyoxal for
the three hydrocarbons ranged from 10 to 20%. The
yields of methylglyoxal ranged from 10 to 26%. These
yields are too low to be explained by any currently
available mechanism of aromatic hydrocarbon oxida-
tion.
Keywords: 'Photochemical reactions, Photooxidation,
Reprints, 'Air pollution control, Glyoxal, Methyglyoxal,
Toluene, Xylene.
PB88-139878/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from 46 In-
Use Passenger Cars. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. E. Sigsby, S. Tejada, W. Ray, J. M. Lang, and J. W. 1
Duncan. c1987,13p EPA/600/J-87/107
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v21
n5 p466-475 May 87. Prepared In cooperation with
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Emissions from automobiles have long been consid-
ered a prime source of pollutants involved in smog for-
mation and ozone production. The reactive potential of
the species emitted has been studied extensively, and
many reactivity schemes have been proposed. Most of
the data on the detailed composition of the emissions
from automobiles were taken from new or prototype
vehicles. The study was undertaken to ascertain the
mass and the detailed hydrocarbon and aldehyde
composition of emissions from vehicles actually driven
by the public. Forty-six vehicles, 1975 through 1982
models, were tested by using the Federal Test Proce-
dure driving cycle, the Hot Soak Evaporative Test, the
New York City driving cycle, and the Crowded Urban
Expressway driving cycle, also known as the Sulfate
Cycle. Overall composition was quite consistent
among cycles and years, with some changes occurring
in the 1981 and 1982 models. Mass emissions de-
creased with model year, showing the most significant
decreases in latter years as the standards became
more stringent. Eighty-two individual hydrocarbons
and 10 aldehydes are reported for each test condition.
The ratio of hydrocarbons to oxides of nitrogen in-
creased dramatically on the lower speed cycles.
Keywords: 'Exhaust gases, 'Air pollution, "Emissions,
Volatile organic compounds, Motor vehicles, Reprints.
PB88-139886/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Proposed Pragmatic Methods for Estimating
Plume Rise and Plume Penetration through At-
mospheric Layer*. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
D. B. Turner. 1985,7p EPA/600/J-85/505
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v19 n7 pl215-1218
Jul 85.
Methods are proposed for estimating plume rise taking
advantage of data on the vertical variation of wind
speed and temperature. In addition, partial penetration
of the plume into the stable layer above the mixing
height is considered.
Keywords: 'Plumes, 'Wind velocity, "Air pollution,
Mathematical models, Atmospheric temperature,
Concentration(Composition), Mixing, Reprints.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-139894/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Saturation of Lindane Metabolism in Chronically
Treated (YS x VY) F1 Hybrid Mice. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. W. Chadwick, M. F. Copeland, G. L. Wolff, A. G.
Stead, and M. L. Mole. 1987,26p EPA/600/J-87/104
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health,
v20 p411-434 1987. Prepared in cooperation with Na-
tional Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson,
AR.
The organochlorine insecticide lindane (gamma-hex-
achlorocyclohexane) induces hepatomas in select
strains of mice including two of three phenotypic class-
es of (YS x VY) F1 hybrid mice. In contrast, lindane
does not induce hepatomas in rats and other strains of
mice. It has been suggested that variations in the bio-
transformation of lindane may play a role in the differ-
ent susceptibility of rodents to lindane-induced hepa-
tomas. The study reports the effect of chronic treat-
ment with 160 ppm dietary lindane on the comparative
metabolism and disposition of this insecticide in obese
yellow A(vy)/a, lean pseudoagouti A(vy)/a, and lean
black a/a phenotypes of (YS x VY) F1 hybrid female
mice at 17, 30, 56, and 86 weeks of age. Twenty four
hours prior to necropsy, all mice were dosed p.o. with
18 mg lindane (containing 55 micro Ci (U-(14)C) lin-
dane)/kg. Urine, feces, and expired air were sampled
for analysis. Data indicated that metabolism of lindane
and excretion of its metabolites by these mice differs
significantly from that of rats which are resistant to lin-
dane-induced hepatomas.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, Bioassay, Mice,
Laboratory animals, Metabolism, Reprints, Lindane,
Hexachlorocyclohexane.
PB88-139902/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Occurrence and Biological Activity Testing of Par-
ticulates in Drinking Water. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH. Toxicol-
ogy and Microbiology Div.
J. R. Mitlette, P. J. Clark, R. L. Boone, and M. T.
Rosenthal. C1987,10p EPA/600/J-87/105
Pub. in Bulletin on Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v38 n1 p1-8 Jan 87. Prepared in coopera-
tion with McCrone Environmental Services, Inc., Nor-
cross, GA.
The analyses of over 2000 drinking water samples
from many parts of the United States suggest that
most water consumers do not drink water containing
large numbers of elongated mineral particles which
have lengths three times the diameter. Some drinking
waters do contain high amounts of particulate. While it
is still to be determined how predictive cell assay tests
are of potential health hazards, it is apparent that the
suspended particulate fraction of 3 drinking waters has
some effect on biological systems. It is important to
note that the results of two independent assays show
the drinking water particulate to be much less biologi-
cally active than commercial asbestos fibers.
Keywords: 'Particulates, Assays, Reprints, "Water
pollution, 'Drinking water.
PB88-139928/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Selection Criteria for Mathematical Models Used
J_n Exposure Assessments: Surface Water Models,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
T. J. McKeon, and J. J. Segna. Jul 87,1 74d* EPA/
600/8-87/042
Prepared in cooperation with ICF Northwest, Richland
WA.
Prior to the issuance of the Guidelines for Estimating
Exposures in 1986, the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) published proposed guidelines in the
Federal Register for public review and comment. The
purpose of the guideline is to provide a general ap-
proach and framework for carrying out human and
nonhuman exposure assessments for specific pollut-
ants. As a result of the review process, four areas were
identified that required further research. One of these
was the area of selection criteria for mathematical
models used in exposure assessment. The purpose of
the document is to present criteria which provide a
means for selecting the most appropriate mathemati-
cal model(s) for conducting an exposure assessment
related to surface water contamination. A concerted
effort was made to provide general background infor-
mation regarding surface water flow and contaminant
transport and to characterize the important assump-
tions and limitations of existing models. These include
a detailed summary matrix and model writeups for ten
runoff models, twelve surface water flow models, and
twelve contaminant transport models that have been
used previously by EPA to study surface water quality
problems.
Keywords: "Mathematical models, "Surface water,
"Water pollution, Criteria, Exposure, Assessments.
PB88-139936/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Chemical Dust
Suppressants on Unpaved Roads. Rept. for Jun 84-
Nov 86,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
G. E. Muleski, and C. Cowherd. Nov 87,93p EPA/600/
2-87/102
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab., and LTV Steel Co., Inc., Cleveland,
OH.
The report gives results of measurements of the long-
term effectiveness of five unpaved-road chemical dust
suppressants. Effectiveness at controlling total partic-
ulate emissions in three size fractions was determined
over several cycles of chemical application, control ef-
fectiveness decay, and chemical reapplication. The
chemicals were applied in quantities that spanned the
range of common practice in the steel industry. Traffic
parameters were typical of the steel industry. Over a
30-day period, control effectiveness of each chemical
decreased: in some cases by as much as 50%, and in
others by as little as 10%. Control effectiveness for all
chemicals was greater than 95% immediately after
chemical application or reapplication.
Keywords: "Unpaved roads, "Pollution control,
"Chemical compounds, Evaluation, Effectiveness,
Particle size, Silts.
PB88-139944/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Fate and Transport of Sediment-Associated Con-
taminants,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
A. J. Medine, and S. C. McCutcheon. Dec 87,113p*
EPA/600/D-87/356
Prepared in cooperation with Water Science, Boulder,
CO.
Although sediments generally are considered to pro-
vide beneficial effects in terms of water quality move-
ment through the 'sorption' of pollutants from the
water column, contaminated sediments also may
result in adverse effects. The interactions of both
metals and organic contaminants with suspended and
bed sediments significantly affects the transport and
transformation of these pollutants in streams and
lakes. Information about these interactions is impor-
tant in assessing hazards of pollutant exposure in
freshwater systems. In the paper, research into the
fate and transport of sediment-associated contami-
nants is reviewed.
Keywords: "Sediment transport, "Water pollution,
Metals, Organic compounds, Adsorption, Sediments,
Suspended sediments, Fresh water, Hazards, Assess-
ments, Exposure, Mathematical models.
PB88-139951/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Carcinogenicity Assessment of Aldrin and Dlel-
drln,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
F. L. Cavender, B. T. Cook, N. P. Page, V. J. Cogliano,
and N. Hajjar. Aug 87,177p* EPA/600/6-87/006
Prepared in cooperation with Dynamac Corp., Rock-
ville, MD.
Evidence pertaining to the carcinogenicity of aldrin/
dieldrin is reviewed and evaluated. The report covers
studies completed before 1985. Case reports and epi-
demiologic studies of pesticide applicators and pesti-
cide manufacturing workers are reviewed, but because
of methodologic limitations, these studies established
neither a positive nor a negative association between
cancer and aldrin/dieldrin exposure. A number of Inde-
pendent studies of laboratory animals, however, dem-
onstrated that aldrin/dieldrin cause liver cancer in
mice and rats. Based on the accumulated evidence,
aldrin/dieldrin are classified as probable human car-
cinogens, Group B2, using EPA's Guidelines for Car-
cinogen Risk Assessment. The carcinogenic potency
of aldrin/dieldrin is estimated by fitting mathematical
models to the laboratory animal data. These estimates
indicate that aldrin/dieldrin are rather potent carcino-
gens, ranking in the second quartile of potential car-
cinogens evaluated by EPA's Carcinogen Assessment
Group.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Pesticides, Epidemiology,
Exposure, Bioassay, Laboratory animals, "Carcino-
genesis, Aldrin, Dieldrin.
PB88-139969/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evaluating the Toxicity of Urban Patterns of Oxi-
dant Gases. 2. Effects in Mice from Chronic Expo-
sure to Nitrogen Dioxide. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
F. J. Miller, J. A. Graham, J. A. Raub, J. W. filing, and
M. G. Menache. C1987,16p EPA/600/J-87/097
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health,
v21 p99-112 1987. Prepared in cooperation with Nor-
throp Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The study reported herein evaluates the influence of a
chronic exposure to an urban pattern of N02 (continu-
ous baseline exposure of 0.2 ppm on which were su-
perimposed two 1-hr spikes of 0.8 ppm N02, 5 days/
wk) as compared to the baseline exposure to deter-
mine the contribution of the spikes to toxicity. Mice
were exposed for up to 52 wk with interim examina-
tions. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed a sta-
tistically significant treatment effect on infectivity
(p=0.05) and pulmonary function (p=0.03) param-
eters. Infectivity mortality of mice in the spiked expo-
sure regimen was significantly greater than that in
either the N02-background exposed mice or in control
mice. Four of the pulmonary function variables exhibit-
ed the greatest differences among the treatment
groups: end expiratory volume, vital capacity, respira-
tory system compliance, and multiple-breath nitrogen
washout. Results from the pulmonary function analy-
ses indicate that the spiked exposures to 0.8 ppm N02
may have induced a subtle lesion. The chronic study
results indicate that the presence of spikes of N02 is
contributing significantly to effects on antibacterial
lung defenses and pulmonary function of mice.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Nitrogen, Urban areas, Expo-
sure, Mice, Laboratory animals, Bioassay, Reprints,
"Air pollution effects.
PB88-139977/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Potential Toxicity of Uranium In Water. Journal arti-
cle,
Utah Univ., Salt Lake City.
M. E. Wrenn, P. W. Durbin, D. L. Willis, and N. P. Singh
C1987,11 p EPA/600/J-87/096
Grant EPA-R-812681
Pub. in Jnl. of American Water Works Association, v79
p177-184 Apr 87. Prepared In cooperation with Law-
rence Livermore National Lab., CA„ and Oregon State
Univ., Corvallis. Sponsored by Health Effects Re->
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The nephrotoxic responses of mammalian species, in-
cluding humans, to injected, inhaled, ingested, and
topically applied uranium compounds have been thor-
oughly investigated. Because there appears to be on
unequivocal reports of uranium-induced radiation ef-
fects in humans, it is necessary to rely on experimental
work with animals and on epidemiological investiga-
tions of human populations exposed to radium iso-
topes to infer human response to the alpha-particle
emissions of uranium. Metabolic models have been
developed to relate the intake of uranium in water and
food to its uptake in the human skeleton and soft tis-
sues. A US Environmental Protection Agency commit-
tee has recommended a limit for uranium in drinking
water of 100 ug/L to limit effects on the kidney, which
includes a substantial safety factor.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Uranium, Responses, Re-
prints, "Water pollution effects, Nephrotoxicity, Drink-
ing water.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-140272/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Development of Collection Methods for Semivola-
tlle Organic Compounds In Ambient Air. Final rept.
Jul 84-Dec 86,
South Carolina Univ., Columbia. Dept. of Chemistry.
T. F. Bidleman, M. T. Zaranski, and G. W. Patton. Dec
87,175p EPA/600/4-87/042
Grant EPA-R-811662
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Cartridges containing solid adsorbents between layers
of polyurethane foam (PUF) were evaluated for col-
lecting chlorobenzenes, chlorophenols, hexachlorocy-
clohexanes (HCHs), and two-ring aromatic hydrocar-
bons. The 26-sq.cm cross-section glass cartridges,
packed with Tenax (5-10 g), XAD-2 (14-16 g), or Florisil
(30 g) between two 2.5-cm thick PUF slices, were de-
signed to fit into the head of a General Metal Works
PS-1 sampler. An inlet was built to vaporize test com-
pounds into a clean airstream and sweep them into the
adsorbent traps. Collection efficiency experiments at
20 deg C were conducted by injecting test compounds
into the sampling train and determining by mass bal-
ance the percentages recovered from the traps. Re-
tention volumes and theoretical plate numbers were
determined for dichlorobenzene elution bands on
PUF-Tenax cartridges. Dichlorobenzenes and two-ring
aromatic hydrocarbons were collected from up to 165
cu. m air on PUF-Tenax (10 g Tenax), with mass bal-
ances averaging 88%. At 285-372 cu. m air, mass bal-
ances for tetra- through hexachlorobenzenes and
HCHs averaged 89% on PUF-Tenax (5 g Tenax), 80%
on PUF-XAD-2, and 78% on PUF-FlorisiT. Di- and trich-
lorophenols were collected without breakthrough by
PUF-Tenax, but low recoveries were observed for pen-
tachlorophenol and 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol. Recov-
eries of chlorophenols were poorer from PUF-Florisil
than from PUF-Tenax or PUF-XAD-2.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, Adsorbents, Chloro-
benzenes, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Air pollution, Moni-
toring, 'Air sampling, Polyurethane foam.
PB88-140280/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Treatment of Municipal Wastewaters by the Fluld-
ized Bed Bioreactor Process. Final rept. May 82-
Apr 86,
HydroQual, Inc., Mahwah, NJ.
O. K. Scheible, and G. M. Grey. Dec 87,202p* EPA/
600/2-87/107
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
A 2-year, large-scale pilot investigation was conducted
at the City of Newburgh Water Pollution Control Plant,
Newburgh, NY, to demonstrate the application of the
fluidized bed bioreactor process to the treatment of
municipal wastewaters. The experimental effort inves-
tigated the ability of the process to treat municipal
wastewater to secondary levels. Additionally, the stud-
ies evaluated the stability of the process under high hy-
draulic peak loads typical of combined sewer systems.
An organic loading rate of 0.2 to 0.3 gm BOD/gm vola-
tile suspended solids/day is suggested in order to
meet secondary treatment levels. Suspended solids
removals were relatively low through the reactor; the
results indicate that finaf clarification would be required
for the plant to meet a 30 mg/L TSS limitation. The
system exhibited good stability under high short-term
peak hydraulic loadings. Maximum to average raw flow
ratios up to 5 could be handled without bed washout.
Special reactor modifications to yield an expanded
upper section allowed a ratio as high as 10 to 1 without
loss of the bed.
Keywords: 'Waste water, 'Waste treatment, 'Fluid-
ized bed processes, Hydrodynamics, Liquids, Solids,
Mathematical models, Municipal wastewater.
PB88-140298/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
National Surface Water Survey, National Stream
Survey. Phase 1. Pilot Survey, Summary of Quality
Assurance Data Results,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
S. K. Drouse. Dec 87, 54p EPA/600/8-87/057
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
See also PB87-188702. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
A primary objective of the National Surface Water
Survey and, thus, of the National Stream Survey is to
ensure that the data collected are scientifically sound
and of known quality. An extensive quality assurance
program has been established in support of the objec-
tive. To evaluate the effectiveness of the quality assur-
ance program, several types of quality assurance and
quality control samples were collected and analyzed
during a pilot survey that was conducted prior to the
initiation of National Stream Survey Phase I field activi-
ties. The report presents a statistical analysis of results
obtained for field duplicate samples, blank samples,
and audit samples used in the pilot survey. The results
show that even overall estimated within-batch preci-
sion was adequate to meet the analytical data quality
objectives established for the National Stream Survey
and that detection limit goals were achieved at the
contract analytical laboratories. The observed system
decision limits and system detection limits, however,
must be considered in interpreting the pilot study data
and data from future surveys that employ similar sam-
pling, processing, and analytical methods.
Keywords: 'Surface waters, 'Streams, "Water pollu-
tion, Data collection, Surveys, Field tests, Statistical
analysis, Sampling, Collecting methods, Quality assur-
ance.
PB88-140413/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Analyzing Cohort Mortality Data. Journal article.
Stanford Univ., CA. School of Medicine.
A. S. Whittemore. C1985,7p EPA/600/J-85/507
Grant EPA-R-811151
Pub. in American Statistician, v39 n4 pt2 p437-441
Nov 85. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC., National Institutes of
Health, Bethesda, MD., and National Science Founda-
tion, Washington, DC.
Several methods for analyzing data from mortality
studies of occupationally or environmentally exposed
cohorts are shown to be special cases of a single pro-
cedure. The procedure assumes a proportional haz-
ards model for exposure effects and represents the
log-likelihood kernel for the data as that of N independ-
ent Poisson variates, where N is the total number of
person-units of mortality observation time in the study.
It formalizes and justifies the epidemiological tech-
niques of classifying deaths and person-months of
study time into categories defined by exposure and
other covariates, and of computing standardized mor-
tality ratios and indirectly standardized death rates. Pa-
rameters representing exposure effects can be esti-
mated by using standard software packages. Special
cases and applications are described in the context of
lung cancer mortality among U.S. uranium miners.
(Copyright (c) 1985 American Statistical Association.)
Keywords: 'Mortality, Statistical analysis, Poisson
density functions, Vector analysis, Occupational dis-
eases, Regression analysis, Morbidity, Toxicology, Ep-
idemiology, Analysis(Mathematics), Mathematical
models, Reprints.
PB88-140421/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Linear Models for the Analysis of Longitudinal
Studies. Journal article,
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
J. H. Ware. C1985,9p EPA/600/J-85/508
Grants EPA-R-811151, PHS-GM-29745
Pub. in the American Statistician, v39 n2 p95-101 May
85. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC., and National Inst, of Gener-
al Medical Sciences, Bethesda, MD.
Longitudinal investigations play an increasingly promi-
nent role in biomedical research. Much of the literature
on specifying and fitting linear models for serial meas-
urements uses methods based on the standard multi-
variate linear model. The article proposes a more flexi-
ble approach that permits specification of the expect-
ed response as an arbitrary linear function of fixed and
time-varying covariates so that mean-value functions
can be derived from subject matter considerations
rather than methodological constraints. Three families
of models for the covariance function are discussed:
multivariate, autoregressive, and random effects. Illus-
trations demonstrate the flexibility and utility of the pro-
posed approach to longitudinal analysis. (Copyright (c)
1985 American Statistical Association.)
Keywords: 'Numerical analysis, Multivariate analysis,
Randomization, Sampling, Linear programming, Statis-
tical analysis, Reprints, 'Autoregressive processes,
'Biomedical research, 'Longitudinal studies.
PB88-140439/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Comparison of Wind Monitoring Systems. Part 1.
In situ Sensors. Journal article,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Boulder, CO. Wave Propagation Lab.
P. L. Finkelstein, J. C. Kaimal, J. E. Gaynor, M. E.
Graves, and T. J. Lockhart. c1986, 14p EPA/60O/J-
86/418
See also Part 2, PB88-140447. Pub. in Jnl. of Atmos-
pheric and Oceanic Technology, v3 n4 p583-593 Dec
86. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services,
Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC., and Meteorology
Research, Inc., Altadena, CA. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
An experiment was conducted at the Boulder Atmos-
pheric Observatory to assess the ability of in situ and
remote sensors to measure the mean and turbulent
properties of the lower atmosphere. Two categories of
sensors or types that have been frequently used in the
recent past for boundary layer studies. The other cate-
gory consisted of four commercially available Doppler
sodars, with the capability to measure wind speed,
wind direction, and vertical component of turbulence,
at various heights above the ground. Part one of the
two part study deals with comparisons of five in situ
wind sensing systems with a three-axis sonic anemom-
eter, all mounted on 10-m towers spaced approximate-
ly 5 m apart. Discussed in the paper are statistical
measures of their accuracy, precision and spectral re-
sponse to fluctuations in the wind. (Copyright (c) 1986
American Meteorological Society.)
Keywords: 'Wind velocity, 'Wind direction, 'Turbu-
lence, Remote sensing, Air pllution, Doppler systems,
Meteorological data, Graphs(Charts), Boundary layer,
Acoustic measurement, Anemometers, Reprints, 'En-
vironmental monitoring, Sodar.
PB88-140447/HSU	PC A03/MF AD1
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Comparison of Wind Monitoring Systems. Part 2.
Doppler Sodars. Journal article,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Boulder, CO. Wave Propagation Lab.
P. L. Finkelstein, J. C. Kaimal, J. E. Gaynor, M. E.
Graves, and T. J. Lockhart. C1986,14p EPA/600/J-
86/419
See also Part 1, PB88-140439. Pub. in Jnl. of Atmos-
pheric and Oceanic Technology, v3 n4 p594-604 Dec
86. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services,
Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC., and Meteorology
Research, Inc., Altadena, CA. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Measurements of wind speed, wind direction, and the
vertical component of turbulence, from four different
commercially available Doppler sodars, are compared
with similar measurements from in situ sensors on a
300-m instrumented tower. Results indicate that four
sodars measure wind speed and direction accurately
and with reasonably high precision, the sodars tended
to overestimate the vertical component of turbulence
at night and to underestimate it during the day. Preci-
sion in those measurements was considerably poorer
than for the averaged speeds and directions. Analysis
of the vertical wind speed measurements from the
sodars indicates that the measurement inaccuracies
arise from a combination of aliasing and spatial aver-
aging. Comparison of five in situ wind systems with a
sonic anemometer are presented in Part I of the two-
part series of papers. (Copyright (c) 1986 American
Meteorological Society.)
Keywords: 'Wind velocity, 'Wind direction, 'Turbu-
lence, Doppler systems, Meteorological data, Anemo-
meters, Remote sensing, Graphs(Charts), Boundary
layer, Acoustic measurement, Reprints, 'Sodar, Envi-
ronmental monitoring.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-140454/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Alpha-Dicarbonyl Yields from the NOx-AIr Pho-
tooxidations of a Series of Aromatic Hydrocar-
bons in Air. Journal article,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
E. C. Tuazon, H. Mac Leod, R. Atkinson, and W. P. L.
Carter. C1986, 6p EPA/600/J-86/420
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v20
n4 p383-387 Apr 86. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmos-
pheric Sciences Research Lab.
The yields of the ring cleavage products glyoxal, meth-
ylglyoxal and biacetyl from the reactions of OH radi-
cals with benzene, toluene, o-, m- and p-xylene and
1,2,3-, 1,2,4- and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene in the pres-
ence of part-per-million concentrations of NO have
been determined in one atmosphere of air using in situ
long pathlength Fourier transform infrared absorption
spectroscopy and differential optical absorption spec-
troscopy with supplementary gas chromatographic
analyses. The yields of glyoxal and methylglyoxal were
respectively: from toluene, 0.105 plus or minus 0.019
and 0.146 plus or minus 0.006; from o-xylene, 0.087
plus or minus 0.012 and 0.246 plus or minus 0.020;
from m-xylene, 0.086 plus or minus 0.011 and 0.319
plus or minus 0.009; from p-xylene, 0.225 plus or
minus 0.039 and 0.105 plus or minus 0.034; from 1,2,3-
trimethylbenzene, 0.058 plus or minus 0.008 and 0.152
plus or minus 0.025; and from 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene,
0.048 plus or minus 0.005 and 0.357 plus or minus
0.017.
Keywords: "Photooxidations, 'Aromatic hydrocar-
bons, "Nitric oxides, *Air pollution, Reprints, 'Dicar-
bonyl.
PB88-140462/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Study on Infrared Gas-Filter Correlation Spec-
trometer for Measuring Low-Concentration Meth-
anol Gases. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
S. Cha, and P. A. Gabele. c1986,7p EPA/600/J-86/
422
Pub. in Optical Engineering, v25 n12 p1299-1303 Dec
86. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services,
tac., Research Triangle Park, NC„ and Illinois Univ. at
Chicago Circle.
A gas-filter correlation spectrometer that employed a
wide spectral band of infrared radiation and gas-filter
cell has been built and successfully tested to measure
methanol concentrations up to 113 ppm. The instru-
ment demonstrates a detection limit of approximately
PP™- The interference of nonmethanol gases is
negligible when automobile exhausts are used for the
test. The most prominent, though not serious, problem
appears to be the signal drift, which is believed to be
improved by thermally insulating the instrument. The
analyzer demonstrated its capability for real-time anal-
ysis of emjssions from methanol-fueled vehicles due to
its simplicity and fast response as compared with wet
chemical methods. (Copyright (c) 1986 Society of
Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.)
Keywords: *Gas filters, "Spectrometers, Performance,
Carbinols, Exhaust emissions, Infrared analysis, Meas-
urement, Vapors, Reprints, Gas filter correlation spec-
trometer, Absorption spectra.
PBB8-140470/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Size Distributions of Species in Fine Particles in
Denver Using a Microorifice Impactor. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
H. Hasan, and T. G. Dzubay. 1987,14p EPA/600/J-
87/108
Pub. in Aerosol Science and Technology, v6 p29-39
Feb 87.
Size fractionated fine particles in Denver, Colorado,
were collected by a micro-orifice impactor and ana-
lyzed for mass and elemental composition by a beta-
gauge and an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. A
least squares procedure was used to fit a log normal
distribution function to the data in order to determine
values and uncertainties for the mass median diameter
and geometric standard deviation. The validity of the
uncertainties so determined was tested by comparing
950 Vol. 90, No. 24
them to uncertainties derived from Monte Carlo simu-
lations.
Keywords: "Particle size distribution, 'Impactors, X ray
fluorescence, Size determination, Monte Carlo
method, Aerosols, Air pollution, Reprints, Microorifice
impactors.
PB88-14048S/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effects of Nickel on Immune Function in the Rat.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. J. Smialowicz, R. R. Rogers, D. G. Rowe, M. M.
Riddle, and R. W. Luebke. 1987,14p EPA/600/J-87/
110
Pub. in Toxicology, v44 p271 -281 1987.
The immunotoxic potential of NiCI2 was evaluated in
Fischer 344 rats following a single intramuscular injec-
tion at doses ranging from 10 to 20 mg/kg. Twenty-
four hours following treatment, selected cellular and
humoral immune function parameters were examined.
Significant (P > 0.05) decreases in body weights were
observed in rats injected with 15 and 20 mg/kg NiCI2
as were decreased in spleen weights of rats receiving
20 mg/kg. The lymphoproliferative responses of
splenocytes to the T cell mitogens concanavalin A
(ConA), phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mi-
togen (PWM) and the B cell mitogen Salmonella typhi-
murium mitogen (STM) were not significantly different
from controls. No significant differences were ob-
served between control and Ni-treated rats in the pri-
mary antibody response to sheep red blood cells
(SRBC). On the other hand, natural killer (NK) cell ac-
tivity was significant (P<0.05) suppressed in rats in-
jected with 10,15, or 20 mg/kg NiCI2. NKcell suppres-
sion was observed in both male and female rats and
for both allogeneic W/Fu-G1 target cells as well as
xenogeneic YAC-1 target cells. Ni-induced suppres-
sion of NK activity was transient, with levels returning
to control values within three days following treatment.
Ni-induced suppression of NK activity was also mani-
fested by an increase in mortality of rats injected with
MADB106 tumor cells.
Keywords: 'Nickel, "Toxicology, Rats, Cytology, Inhibi-
tion, Antibodies, Laboratory animals, Reprints,
'Immune systems, Natural killer cells, Tumor initiators,
Immune response antigens, Carcinogenesis.
PB88-140496/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Statistically Adjusted Estimates of Geographic
Mortality Profiles. Journal article,
Duke Univ., Durham, NC. Center for Demographic
Studies.
K. G. Manton, E. Stallard, M. A. Woodbury, W. B.
Riggan, and J. P. Creason. c1987,13p EPA/600/J-
87/111
Pub. in Jnl. of the National Cancer Institute, v78 n5
p805-815 May 87. Prepared in cooperation with Na-
tional Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD. Environmental Epi-
demiology Branch. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC., National
Inst, on Aging, Bethesda, MD., and National Science
Foundation, Washington, DC.
The spatial variation of site-specific cancer mortality
rates at the county or state economic area level can
provide (a) insights into possible etiologic factors and
(b) the basis for more detailed epidemiologic studies.
One difficulty with such studies, especially for rare
cancer types, is that unstable local area rate esti-
mates, resulting from small population sizes, can ob-
scure the underlying spatial pattern of disease risk.
The paper presents a methodology for producing more
stable rate estimates by statistically weighting the local
area rate estimate toward the experience at the nation-
al level. The methodology is illustrated by the analysis
of the spatial variation of two cancer types, bladder
and lung, for U.S. white males over the three decades
1950-79. (Copyright (c) JNC11987; 78:805-815.)
Keywords: 'Mortality, 'Pulmomary neoplasms, "Blad-
der neoplasms, Bayes theorem, Probability theory, Re-
gression analysis, Epidemiology, Reprints, "Lung neo-
plasms.
PB88-140504/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Disinfection. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
A. D. Venosa, and R. Isaac. C1987,10p EPA/600/J-
87/112
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Pollution Control Federation, v59
n6 p421-427 Jun 87. Prepared in cooperation with
Massachusetts Dept. of Environmental Quality Engi-
neering, Westborough. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
The article is a summary of the literature published in
the year 1986 on the topic of wastewater and water
disinfection. It consists of a section on the microbiolo-
gy and kinetics of disinfection and several sections re-
lated to the chemistry of disinfection, including analyti-
cal methods, reactions, and products. (Copyright (c)
Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation 59(6):
421-427, June 1987.)
Keywords: 'Waste water, 'Disinfection, Water treat-
ment chemicals, Water treatment, Halogens, Ultravio-
let lamps, Ozone, Reprints.
PB88-140512/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Fish Acute Toxicity Syndromes and Their Use In
the QSAR (Quantitative Structure Activity Rela-
tionship) Approach to Hazard Assessment. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. M. McKim, S. P. Bradbury, and G. J. Niemi. C1987,
18p EPA/600/J-87/113
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v71 p171-
186 Apr 87. Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota
Univ.-Duluth.
Implementation of the Toxic Substances Control Act of
1977 creates the need to reliably establish testing pri-
orities because laboratory resources are limited and
the number of industrial chemicals requiring evaluation
is overwhelming. The use of quantitative structure ac-
tivity relationship (QSAR) models as rapid and predic-
tive screening tools to select more potentially hazard-
ous chemicals for in-depth laboratory evaluation has
been proposed. Further implementation and refine-
ment of quantitative structure-toxicity relationships in
aquatic toxicology and hazard assessment requires
the development of a 'mode-of-action' database. With
such a database, a qualitative structure-activity rela-
tionship can be formulated to assign the proper mode
of action, and respective QSAR, to a given chemical
structure. In this review, the development of fish acute
toxicity syndromes (FATS), which are toxic-response
sets based on various behavioral and physiological-
biochemical measurements, and their projected use In
the mode-of-action database are outlined. Using be-
havioral parameters monitored in the fathead minnow
during acute toxicity testing, FATS associated with
acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors and narcotics
could be reliably predicted. However, compounds clas-
sified as oxidative phosphorylation uncouplers or stim-
ulants could not be resolved. Refinement of this ap-
proach by using respiratory-cardiovascular responses
in the rainbow trout, enabled FATS associated with
AChE inhibitors, convulsants, narcotics, respiratoiy
blockers, respiratory membrane irritants, and uncou-
plers to be correctly predicted. (Copyright (c) Environ-
mental Health Perspectives, Vol. 71, pp. 171-186
April, 1987.)
Keywords: 'Fishes, "Water pollution, Quantitative
analysis, Aquatic biology, Contaminants, Lethal
dosage, Trout, Toxicology, Acetylcholine sterase, Re-
prints, "Water pollutants.
PB88-140S20/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Relationship between Properties of a Series of
Anilines and Their Transformation by Bacteria.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
D. F. Paris, and N. L. Wolfe. 1987,8p EPA/600/J-87/
114
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v53
n5p911-916 May 87.
The effect of compound structure on the microbial
transformation of a series of substituted anilines was
investigated. For the pure-culture and environmental
water samples studied, the rate of transformation of
the compounds decreased in the following order ani-
line, 3-bromoaniline, 3-chloroaniline, 3-methylanilirie
3-methoxyaniline, 3-nitroaniline, 3-cyanoaniltne'
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
was calculated by using bacterial and compound con-
centration measured as a function of time. The rate
constants correlated with steric parameters. Water
samples also were used in kinetic studies with three of
the compounds (aniline, 3-chloaniline, and 3-nitroani-
line) to test the relationships with mixed bacterial pop-
ulations. A simple linear regression of van der Waals
radius of the substituent group with log kb gave corre-
lation coefficients (r2) of 0.924 for the river isolate and
0.99 for the mixed populations. Analyses of pure-cul-
ture and mixed population samples by thin-layer chro-
matography indicate that the primary products are ca-
techols. The finding suggests that the transformation
pathway involves oxidative deamination of the ani-
lines.
Keywords: 'Bacteria, 'Anilines, Chemical properties,
Reprints, Microbial transformations.
PB88-140538/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Neurotoxicity Testing of Agricultural Workers Ex-
posed to Pesticides,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Neurotoxicology Div.
D. A. Otto. Dec 87,19p EPA/600/D-87/243
The farmer has been one of the major beneficiaries of
the chemical revolution that has occurred over the
past half century. The development of new fertilizers,
pesticides, herbicides, fungicides and other agricultur-
al chemicals has dramatically increased crop yields
and reduced crop losses due to insects and disease.
Agrochemicals, however, frequently have hidden
costs that may not become apparent for years after
they have been Introduced on the market. Hazards to
human health in the form of acute and delayed neuro-
toxicity resulting from pesticide exposure are the
hidden costs that will be addressed in the paper. A
brief review of the acute and delayed neurotoxicity of
organophosphorus pesticides will be used to focus at-
tention on the importance of neurobehavioral evalua-
tions. Specific testing methods appropriate for the
health assessment of agricultural workers will then be
reviewed.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Exposure, Haz-
ardous materials, Toxicity, Assessments, Physiological
effects, Agricultural chemicals, Phosphorus organic
compounds, 'Neurotoxicity, Toxic substances, Health
risks.
PB88-140546/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Rotary Kiln Incineration: The Effect of Oxygen En-
richment on Formation of Transient Puffs during
Batch Introduction of Hazardous Wastes. Rept. for
Oct 86-Oct 87,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
W. P. Linak, J. A. McSorley, J. O. L. Wendt, and J. E.
Dunn. Dec 87,26p EPA/600/D-87/358
Prepared in cooperation with Arizona Univ., Tucson,
ana Arkansas Univ., Fayetteville.
The paper discusses results of experiments on a 73
kW (250,000 Btu/hr) rotary kiln incinerator simulator
equipped with a prototype oxygen enrichment burner,
to determine the effect of oxygen enrichment on the
magnitude and Intensity of transient puffs emitted
dunng batch introduction of contained liquid surrogate
waste (toluene) on corncob sorbent. Results show that
the effect of oxygen enrichment at constant tempera-
ture is to decrease the size of the transient puff, but
that increases in kiln temperature associated with
oxygen enrichment can offset this and cause net in-
creases In the transient emissions. The effect is likely
due to increases in the rate of waste volatilization.
These results were especially true for particulate
matter and are consistent with previous results without
oxygen enrichment.
Keywords: "Incinerators, "Oxygen, Toxicity, Wastes,
Toluene, Emission, Enrichment, Combustion, Reprints,
'Hazardous wastes, Pollution control, Stationary
sources. Liquid wastes.
PB88-140SS3/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Catalytic Treatment of Air Stripping Effluents,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. Kosusko, M.E. Mullins, T. N. Rogers, and K.
Ramanathan. Dec 87,20p EPA/600/D-87/359
Grant EPA-R-812522
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC, Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper reviews the applicability of catalytic oxida-
tion to control ground-water air stripping gaseous ef-
fluents with emphasis on system designs and case his-
tories. The contaminants and catalyst poisons encoun-
tered in stripping operations are also reviewed. Vapor-
phase carbon adsorption and thermal incineration, the
treatment methods which have been applied most
often, have some disadvantages: adsorption merely
transfers the contaminant to a solid phase, which in
turn requires disposal or regeneration; and thermal in-
cineration may be expensive, since it requires a sub-
stantial energy input to destroy dilute gas-phase con-
taminants. A new alternative is appearing in the form of
catalytic oxidation. Like thermal incineration, it is an ul-
timate disposal method, but the energy costs are
lower.
Keywords: "Catalysis, 'Air pollution,
'Stripping(Distillation), "Effluents, Oxidation, Contami-
nation, Ground water, Emission, Pollution control,
Volatile organic compounds, Stationary sources.
PB88-140561/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Nasopharyngeal Uptake of Ozone In Humans and
Animals,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
T. R. Gerrity. Dec 87,25p EPA/600/D-87/357
In the paper, the experimental data on Nasopharyn-
geal uptake of ozone in several animal species will be
reviewed in the context of the model of Aharonsen et
al (1974). Allometric equations relating breathing pat-
terns among animal species will be incorporated Into
the model to help interpret the Nasopharyngeal data
and assess the consistency of data across all species
studied.
Keywords: "Ozone, 'Respiration, Exposure, Models,
Toxicity, Absorption, Humans, Animals, Air pollution,
"Nasopharyngeal diseases.
PB88-140769/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Northeast Cooperative Woodstove Study. Volume
1. Final rept. Aug 85-Sep 87,
OMNI Environmental Services, Inc., Beaverton, OR.
P. Burnet. Nov 87, 319p* EPA/600/7-87/026A
See also Volume 2, PB88-140777. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.,
CONEG Policy Research Center, Inc., Washington,
DC., and New York State Energy Research and Devel-
opment Authority, Albany.
The report gives results of a 2-year study in Vermont
and New York, monitoring woodstove performance.
The objective of the study was to determine the effec-
tiveness of catalytic and non-catalytic low-emission
woodstove technology in reducing wood use, creosote
accumulation, and particulate emissions. Wood use
and creosote accumulation in chimney systems were
measured in 68 houses over two heating seasons
(1985-86 and 1986-87). Of these houses, 42 were in-
strumented to measure particulate emissions and
wood use. Catalytic woodstoves, catalytic add-on/ret-
rofit devices, and non-catalytic low-emission stoves
were provided by various woodstove manufacturers
for use by volunteer homeowners during the study
period.
Keywords: "Wood burning appliances, Stoves, Emis-
sion, Creosote, Catalytic combustors, Efficiency, Par-
ticulates, Performance evaluation, Vermont, New
York, Chimneys, Northeast region(United States).
PB88-140777/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Northeast Cooperative Woodstovs Study. Volume
2. Technical Appendix. Final rept. Aug 85-Sep 87,
OMNI Environmental Services, Inc., Beaverton, OR.
P. Burnet. Nov 87,185p EPA/600/7-87/026B
See also Volume 1, PB88-14069. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.,
CONEG Policy Research Center, Inc., Washington,
DC., and New York State Energy Research and Devel-
opment Authority, Albany.
The report gives results of a 2-year study in Vermont
and New York, monitoring woodstove performance.
The objective of the study was to determine the effec-
tiveness of catalytic and non-catalytic low-emission
woodstove technology in reducing wood use, creosote
accumulation, and particulate emissions. Averaged re-
sults indicate that the low-emission non-catalytic
stoves and catalytic stoves had lower creosote accu-
mulation, wood use, and particulate emissions than
conventional technology stoves, although the range of
values was quite large. The reductions in particulate
emissions by the catalytic and low-emission stoves
were not as great as could be expected based on labo-
ratory tests.
Keywords: "Wood burning appliances, Stoves, Emis-
sion, Creosote, Catalytic combustors, Efficiency, Par-
ticulates, Performance evaluation, Vermont, New
York, Chimneys, Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), North-
east region(United States).
PB88-140785/HSU	PC A24/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Proceedings: Conference on Progress in Chemi-
cal Disinfection (3rd) (CD-Ill) Held at Binghamton,
New York on April 3-5, 1086. Final rept. 1 Apr 86-31
Mar 87,
State Univ. of New York at Binghamton. Dept. of
Chemistry.
G. E. Janauer, and W. C. Ghiorse. Dec 87, 551 p* EPA/
600/9-87/031
Grant EPA-R-813209
See also PB87-104493. Prepared in cooperation with
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. Dept. of Microbiology. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati,
OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The third in a series of biennial conferences on
progress in chemical disinfection was held in Bingham-
ton, New York April 3-5, 1986. The conference was
jointly sponsored by the State of New York Research
Foundation Technology Transfer Office, Lonza, Inc.
and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's
Water Engineering Research Laboratory. The primary
purpose of the Conference was to bring together re-
searchers working on new disinfectants and disinfec-
tion concepts and those in the regulatory and industrial
community to discuss progress and possible applica-
tion in solving water treatment problems. The proceed-
ings of the conference are a compilation of the speak-
ers' papers, poster session papers and transcripts of a
panel discussion and comments and questions ex-
pressed following each paper. Major topic areas in-
cluded: advances in industrial applications of disinfect-
ants, nonclassical and new chemical disinfectants,
point of use water treatment. Giardia concerns and two
?eneral sessions covering a variety of related topics,
he Proceedings will be of interest to all concerned
with the potential for improved disinfection processes
for drinking water.
Keywords: 'Disinfection, 'Meetings, "Water treat-
ment, Giardia, Water supplies.
PB88-142237/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Selenium, 1987.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Sep 87,130p EPA/440/5-87/006
See also PB81 -117814.
The ambient water quality criteria document reviews
the aquatic toxicity data available for selenium. Pertin-
ant high quality studies are selected, and the toxic ef-
fects of selenium on aquatic organisms is discussed.
The criteria for fresh water are calculated and formally
presented In the document.
Keywords: 'Selenium, 'Water quality, 'Toxicity, Con-
taminants, Aquatic animals, Aquatic plants, Water
chemistry, Water pollution, Toxicology, Fishes, Foul-
ing, 'Bioaccumulation, Pollutants.
PB88-142476/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Hazardous Waste Bibliography.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Oct 87, 50p EPA/540/1 -87/001, OSWER
DIRECTIVE-9380.1-02
Also available from Supt. of Docs.
The Hazardous Waste Bibliography has been pre-
pared in response to numerous requests for a list of
EPA documents relating to the clean-up of hazardous
waste sites. The purpose of this ongoing effort, begun
by the Technology Transfer Task Force, is to collect
technical materials that should be available to all Fed-
eral and State hazardous waste staffs and their librar-
ies. The Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Re-
sponse (OSWER) program offices and the Office of
Research and Development (ORD) were asked to
submit a list of technical and procedural documents
relevant to their program's mission. The program of-
fices then culled from the lists those documents they
considered most helpful in carrying out their mission.
The result is a listing of the most relevant technical and
procedural documents that have been produced by
the hazardous waste program offices and supporting
ORD laboratories.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, Procedures, Management,
Monitoring, Sampling, Site surveys, Transport proper-
ties, Sources, Risk, Technology assessment, Protec-
tion, 'Hazardous wastes, Remedial actions.
PB8B-142807/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ter-
bufos.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,27p EPA/600/X-84/221
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ter-
bufos was prepared by the Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous constitu-
ents of a wide range of waste streams under Section
3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Terbufos
has been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An Ac-
ceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount of a
chemical to which humans can be exposed on a daily
basis oyer an extended period of time (usually a life-
time) without suffering a deleterious effect, for Terbu-
fos is .0001 (mg/kg bw/day) for oral exposure.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Toxicology, 'Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, Insecticides, "Car-
bofuran, 'Health risks, 'Environmental health, Toxic
substances, Water pollution, 'Terbufos, CAS 13071-
79-9, S-tert-butylthiomethyl O.O-diethylphosphorodith-
ioate, Pharmacokinetics.
PB88-142815/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Ronnel.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,37p EPA/600/X-84/223
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Ronnel was prepared by the Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous constitu-
ents of a wide range of waste streams under Section
3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Ronnel
has been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An Ac-
ceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount of a
chemical to which humans can be exposed on a daily
basis over an extended period of time (usually a life-
time) without suffering a deleterious effect, for Ronnel
is .05 (mg/kg bw/day) for oral exposure.
Keywords: Pesticides, "Toxicology, "Hazardous mate-
rials, Assessments, Carcinogens, Carbofuran,
"Health risks, 'Environmental health, Toxic sub-
stances, Water pollution, Pharmacokinetics, Ronnel,
952 Vol. 90, No. 24
O.O-dimethyl 0-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl) ester, CAS
299-84-3.
PB88-142823/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Available Technology for the Control of Nutrient
Pollution in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed,
Chesapeake Research Consortium, Inc., Gloucester
Point, VA.
C. W, Randall, E. C. Krome, and A. A. Randall. Oct 87,
116p CRC-PUB-126
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, An-
napolis, MD. Chesapeake Bay Program, and Chesa-
peake Bay Program Scientific and Technical Advisory
Committee, Gloucester Point, VA.
There is a general consensus that the quality of the
Chesapeake Bay aquatic environment is rapidly dete-
riorating, and that nutrient enrichment is the primary
cause. The report was developed to provide readers
with an overview of the various technologies that have
been used for the control of nutrients from both point
(wastewater treatment plants) and nonpoint (storm-
water, farm and urban runoff) sources of pollution, and
to assist them in the selection or appropriate technolo-
gy for particular situations. Information on anticipated
removal efficiencies, potential installational and oper-
ational difficulties, and economics has been provided
to facilitate the selection process.
Keywords: 'Pollution control, "Nutrients, 'Chesa-
peake Bay, Estuaries, Ecology, Environmental im-
pacts, Water pollution, Technology assessment, Eco-
nomics, Aquatic ecosystems, Point source, Nonpoint
source.
PB88-142831/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Habitat Requirements for Chesapeake Bay Uvlng
Resources.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Aug 87,230p
The US EPA Chesapeake Bay Program's Implementa-
tion Committee established the Living Resources Task
Force (LRTF) to develop a living resource-based ap-
proach for defining habitat objectives for the Bay.
Through a series of meetings, the Task Force outlined
an approach to establish living resources objectives by
first identifying habitat requirements for selected target
species. The habitat requirements are intended to pro-
vide planners, managers, researchers, and modelers
of the Bay with information on the minimum habitat
quality needed by the target species and the plants
and animals upon which the target species depend for
food. These requirements can be used to estimate the
feasibility, benefits, and potential costs of maintaining
and protecting an estuarine environment suitable for
the successful reproduction and survival of living re-
sources.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Habitability, "Chesapeake Bay,
Natural resources, Environments, Food chains, "Habi-
tats, "Natural resource conservation, "Resources
management, Environment management, Aquatic
ecosystems.
PB88-142849/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Estimates of Sediment Denitrificatlon and Its In-
fluence on the Fate of Nitrogen in Chesapeake
Bay. Final rept.,
Maryland Univ., Cambridge. Center for Environmental
and Estuarine Studies.
R. R.Twilley, and W. M. Kemp. Aug 87, 57pTS-51-86,
CBP/TRS-1/87
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, An-
napolis, MD. Chesapeake Bay Program.
The variability of denitrification potentials in estuarine
sediments was measured during October 15-18,1984
at ten stations in Chesapeake Bay. Selected chemical
and physical characteristics of the sediments were
also measured to investigate factors which may regu-
late denitrification in the estuarine ecosystem. Denitrifi-
cation potentials increased at higher concentrations of
nitrate except for two stations. Mainstem bay stations
lacked any significant denitrification potentials in-
creased at higher concentrations of nitrate except for
two stations. Mainstem bay stations lacked any signifi-
cant denitrification potential. Estimated ranges of am-
bient denitrification rates suggest that they may vary
as much spatially due to the kinetic nature of denitrifi-
cation as seasonally due to differences in nitrate con-
centration.
Keywords: "Nitrogen, Sediments, Estuaries, Chesa-
peake Bay, Environmental impacts, Ecology, Water
pollution, "Denitrification, Nutrient removal, Aquatic
ecosystems, Nitrates.
PB88-142856/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Vegetated Filter Strips for Agricultural Runoff
Treatment. Final rept.,
Virginia Polytechnic Inst, and State Univ., Blacksburg.
W. L. Magette, R. B. Brinsfield, R. E. Palmer, J. D.
Wood, and T. A. Dillaha. Feb 87,143p CBP/TRS-2/87
Prepared in cooperation with Maryland Univ., College
Park. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Nine runoff plots and artifically created rainfall were
utilized to evaluate the removal by vegetative filter
strips (VFS) of suspended solids, nitrogen and phos-
phorus from runoff leaving agricultural production
areas. The ability of VFS to reduce the amount of sus-
pended solids was highly variable and seemed to
depend especially on the extent to which the runoff
concentrated into discrete channels through the vege-
tated filters. When data from all tests were averaged,
mass losses of total suspended solids, nitrogen and
phosphorus were reduced by 72%, 17% and 41% re-
spectively for 15 ft. wide filters and 86%, 51% and
53% for 30 ft. wide filters.
Keywords: "Filtration, "Runoff, Sediment transport, Ni-
trogen, Phosphorus, Erosion control, Sedimentology,
Vegetation, Agricultural engineering, Chesapeake Bay,
Water pollution control, "Vegetative filter strips, Non-
point sources.
PB88-142864/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Nutrient-Dissolved Oxygen Dynamics In Chesa-
peake Bay: The Roles of Phytoplankton and
Micro-Heterotrophs under Summer Conditions,
1985. Final rept.,
Maryland Univ., Solomons. Center for Environmental
and Estuarine Studies.
J. H. Tuttle, T. C. Malone, R. B. Jonas, H. W. Ducklow,
and D. G. Cargo. Aug 87,178p UMCEES-REF-86-
125A-CBL, CBP/TRS-3/87
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis,
MD. Chesapeake Bay Program.
The study focused on the relationships of phytoplank-
ton and microheterotrophs to the development and
maintenance of anoxia in the mesohaline region of the
Chesapeake Bay. From February to October 1985, a
series of fourteen cruises was made on which water
quality, nutrient concentrations, phytoplankton produc-
tion, and metabolism were assessed. Phytoplankton
production from February to May generates a quantity
of organic matter more than adequate to cause oxygen
decline in mid-bay deep waters. Water column con-
sumption by microheterotrophs is a major contributor
to the development of anoxia during the spring and
early summer.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Anoxia, "Phytoplankton
"Chesapeake Bay, Nutrients, Oxygen, Dissolved
gases, Summer, Losses, Production, Metabolism.
PB88-142872/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Evaluating Nutrient and Sediment Losses from
Agricultural Lands: Vegetative Filter Strips. Final
rept.,
Virginia Polytechnic Inst, and State Univ., Blacksburg
T. A. Dillaha, R. B. Reneau, S. Mostaghimi, V. O.
Shanholtz, and W. L. Magette. Aug 87,106p CBP/
TRS-4/87
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Maryland Univ., College
Park. Dept. of Agricultural Engineering. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The effectiveness of vegetative filter strips (VFS) in the
removal of sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus from
feedlot and cropland runoff was evaluated using a rain-
fall simulator. Artificially created rainfall was applied to
nine experimental field plots with a vegetative filter
strip located at the lower end of each plot. Water sam-
ples were collected at the bottom of each plot and
analyzed for sediment and nutrient content. VFS with
shallow uniform flow were effective in removing be-
tween 57 and 87% of suspended solids and soluble
nutrients. VFS with concentrated flow were much less
effective.
Keywords: 'Filtration, "Runoff, Sediment transport, Ni-
trogen, Phosphorus, Erosion control, Sedimentology,
Vegetation, Agricultural engineering, Chesapeake Bay,
Water pollution control, "Vegetative filter strips, Non-
point sources.
PB88-142880/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Comparison of Preservation Techniques for Estu-
ailne Watar Samples for Analysis of Organic
Carbon Fractions,
Virginia State Water Control Board, Richmond.
R. C. Siegfried. Jan 87,18p CBP/TRS-5/87
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, An-
napolis, MO. Chesapeake Bay Program.
A comprehensive comparison study was funded to de-
termine whether freezing of water quality samples is an
acceptable method of preservation. Virginia Institute of
Marine Science performed a comparison of five pres-
ervation treatments for eight water quality parameters.
The State of Maryland conducted a comparison of
three preservation techniques for particulate nitrogen,
phosphorus and carbon samples. Old Dominion Uni-
versity provided the laboratory analyses for Total Or-
ganic Carbon (TOC) and Dissolved Oxygen Carbon
(DOC). The report is the statistical analysis and graphi-
cal presentation of these data. Although all five tech-
niques showed no significant differences over short
periods of time, it is suggested that freezing becomes
somewhat questionable when held for 28 days or
more.
Keywords: "Carbon, "Water quality, "Preserving,
Freezing, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Nutrients, Sampling.
PB88-142898/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Results of Comparative Studies of Preservation
Techniques for Nutrient Analysis on Water Sam-
pi**.
Virginia Inst, of Marine Science, Gloucester Point.
B A. Salley. J. G. Bradshaw, and B. J. Neilson. 24 Sep
86,91 p CBP/TRS-6/87
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, An-
napolis, MD. Chesapeake Bay Program.
The report contains the results of a comprehensive
comparison study to determine whether freezing of
water quality samples is an acceptable method of
preservation. Five different treatments (including two
freezing treatments) were investigated. Four water
samples were analyzed for nine water quality constitu-
ents. The report is the statistical analysis and graphical
presentation of these data. Except for silica, freezing
had no practical effect on the concentration levels
measured in the laboratory. Therefore, it is suggested
that, excluding silica, the difference is not a significant
one.
Keywords: "Water quality, "Sampling, "Preserving,
Freezing, Ammonia, Nutrients, Phosphorus, Nitrogen,
Statistical analysis, Tables(Data).
PBS8-142906/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Determinations In Estu-
urine Waters: A Comparison of Methods Used in
Chesapeake Bay Monitoring,
Maryland Univ., Solomons. Chesapeake Biological
Lab.
C. F. D'Ella, R. E. Magnien, C. F. Zimmermann, P. A.
Vaas, and N. L. Kaumeyer. Aug 87,149p CBP/TRS-7/
87,
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Maryland Dept. of Health
and Mental Hygiene, Baltimore. Office of Environmen-
tal Programs. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Annapolis, MD. Chesapeake Bay Program.
The study was performed to compare standard EPA
techniques for determining nitrogen and phosphorus
concentrations in natural waters with oceanographic
techniques typically employed by estuarine and marine
scientists. Comparisons were made using samples
collected over a four month period and a wide range of
salinities from Chesapeake Bay. Technical findings
and cost comparisons suggest that in estuarine waters
the oceanographic procedures provide equivalent or
superior results to those obtained by EPA procedures
at a considerable cost savings.
Keywords: "Estuaries, "Nitrogen, "Phosphorus, Salini-
ty, Water quality, Sampling, Procedures, Oceano-
graphic data, Monitoring, Chesapeake Bay, "Chesa-
peake Bay Monitoring Program.
PB88-142914/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Survey of Tributyltln and Dibutyltin Concentra-
tions at Selected Harbors in Chesapeake Bay -
Final Report,
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
R. Batiuk. Sep 87,109p CBP/TRS-14/87
The US EPA-Chesapeake Bay Liaison Office devel-
oped and carried out a small scale sampling program
to measure concentrations of tributyltin (TBI) and di-
butyltin (DBT) at four selected harbor sites in Northern
Chesapeake Bay. Beyond an initial peak in TBT con-
centrations at the beginning of the survey period, no
significant upward or downward trend was observed
over the boating season. A constant range of concen-
trations was observed after the initial peaks in May at
the Annapolis and Solomons study sites. No initial
peak in concentrations was observed at the Oxford
study site. It is concluded that sources of TBT meas-
ured in the harbor areas are directly linked to local
boating and marina activity.
Keywords: "Concentration(Composition), Chesapeake
Bay, Antifouling coatings, Sampling, Hazardous mate-
rials, Sites, Estuaries, Paints, Harbors, Water pollution,
"Tributyltin, "Dibutyltin, Toxic substances.
PB88-142922/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Effect of pH on the Release of Phosphorus from
Potomac River Sediments. Final rept.,
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, PA. Div:
of Environmental Research.
S. P. Seitzinger. 28 Oct 88,56p REPT-86-8F, CBP/
TRS-15/87
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, An-
napolis. MD. Chesapeake Bay Program.
Recurring algal blooms in the freshwater portion of the
Potomac River indicate an association between chlo-
rophyll, high phosphorus concentrations, and high pH
of the water. In the present study, the release of phos-
phorus from sediments as a function of overlying water
pH was measured at eight locations. Phosphate re-
lease under aerobic conditions was found to increase
as a function of overlying water pH. The increased re-
lease of phosphate at high pH is likely due to solubili-
zation from iron and aluminum phosphate complexes.
Keywords: "Potomac River, "Plankton blooms, "Water
pollution,	Chlorophylls,	Phosphorus,
Concentration(Composition), Ammonia, Nutrients,
Sediments, pH, Iron, Inorganic nitrates.
PB88-143896/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Technical Resource Document: Treatment Tech-
nologies for Metal/Cyanide-Containing Wastes.
Volume 3. Final rept. Jan-Aug 87,
Alliance Technologies Corp., Bedford, MA.
S. A. K. Palmer, M. A. Breton, T. J. Nunno, D. M.
Sullivan, and N. F. Surprenant. Dec 87,749p EPA/
600/2-87/106
Contract EPA-68-03-3243
See also Volume 1, PB88-131271, and Volume 2,
PB88-131289. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engi-
neering Research Lab.
The Technical Resource Document provides informa-
tion that can be used by environmental regulatory
agencies and others as a source of technical informa-
tion for waste management options for hazardous
liquid wastes containing heavy metals and/or cyanide
compounds. These options include waste minimiza-
tion, recycling, and treatment of waste streams. Em-
phasis has been placed on the collection and interpre-
tation of performance data for proven technologies.
These include: Metals: precipitation, coagulation/Tloc-
culation, chemical reduction, membrane separation
technologies, activated carbon adsorption, ion ex-
change, electrolytic recovery, thermal recovery; Cyan-
ides: alkaline chlorination, ozonation, biological treat-
ment, thermal destruction. These, and other potentially
viable technologies, are described in terms of their
actual performance in removing constituents of con-
cern, their associated process residuals and emis-
sions, and those restrictive waste characteristics
which impact their ability to effectively treat the metal/
cyanide wastes under consideration.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Cyanides, "Metals,
"Waste management, Precipitation, Coagulation, Floc-
culation, Adsorption, Recovery, Chlorination, Ozona-
tion, Biological treatment. Thermal destruction,
"Heavy metals, "Water pollution control.
PB88-143987/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Influence of Sorbent Physical Properties upon Re-
activity with Sulfur Dioxide. Final rept. Jan 85-Sep
86,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
J. A. Cole, J. C. Kramlich, W. R. Seeker, and G. D.
Silcox. Dec 87,119p EPA/600/2-87/105
Contract EPA-68-02-3995
Prepared in cooperation with Energy and Environmen-
tal Research Corp., Irvine, CA. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report gives results of sulfation behavior meas-
ured at 1000 and 1200 C for eight calcium oxide sor-
bents which were well characterized in terms of parti-
cle size, pore structure, and specific surface area. Sul-
fation results were compared with predictions of a
simple mathematical model which applied the meas-
ured sorbent characteristics. The comparison, intend-
ed to provide direction for model development, sug-
gests need for model improvement in areas such as
global kinetics at short times, and accountability for
changes in structure due to sintering during sulfation.
Subsequently, the effects of the high temperatures on
the surface areas of the sorbents in the absence of
sulfation were also determined. Surface areas were
marginally higher for the larger sorbents at 1000 C in-
jection; but, in general, no correlation between particle
size and surface area loss could be found. Surface
area decay was shown to be very rapid in the first 200
ms, and subsequently very slow.
Keywords: "Sulfur dioxide, Chemical reaction kinetics,
Reactivity, Sorbents, Calcium oxides, Physical proper-
ties, "Air pollution control/Stationary sources.
PB88-143995/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Conceptual Designs and Cost Estimates for E-
SOx Retrofits to Coal-Fired Utility Power Plants.
Final rept. Jan-Aug 87,
Gilbert/Commonwealth, Inc., Reading, PA.
D. F. Becker, and J. L. DuBard. Dec 87, 78p" GAI-
2697, EPA/600/7-87/028
Prepared in cooperation with Southern Research Inst.,
Birmingham, AL. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab., and Department
of Energy, Washington, DC.
The report describes a conceptual design and cost es-
timate, based on information available at the beginning
of 1987, for six cases of a retrofit of the E-SOx process
to a utility. The annualized cost ranged from $301 to
$378 per ton of S02 removed. The generic cost basis,
used for other cost estimates, was used in this study
and applied to a 500 MWe utility burning eastern
medium-sulfur (2.5%) bituminous coal. Capital costs
compare very favorably with other retrofit S02 removal
technologies. Sorbent or reagent cost is the largest
single component of the costs.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, "Pollution, 'Electric power
plants, Design criteria, Cost estimates, Bituminous
coal, Sulfur, Removal, Capitalized costs, Ignition, Peri-
odic variations, Concepts, Tables(Data), Coal-Fired
MHD generators, Retrofits.
PB88-144001/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Fundamental Combustion Research Applied to
Pollution Formation. Volume 4. Engineering Anal-
sls. Final rept. Jan 77-Sep 80,
nergy and Environmental Research Corp.. Irvine, CA.
C. J. Kau, M. P. Heap, W. R. Seeker, and T. J. Tyson.
Dec 87, 211 p EPA/600/7-87/027
Contract EPA-68-02-2631
See also Volume 1, PB86-122660. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report is the fourth and final volume in a series
documenting research activities under the EPA's Fun-
damental Combustion Research (FCR) program ap-
plied to pollution formation. The FCR program had
three maior objectives: (1) to generate an understand-
ing of combustion behavior necessary to help develop
control strategies to minimize NOx emissions from sta-
tionary sources; (2) to develop engineering models
which would allow effective utilization of a large body
of fundamental information in the development of new
NOx control techniques; and, (3) to identify critical in-
formation necessary for low-NOx combustor develop-
ment and to generate it in a time frame consistent with
the needs of EPA's technology development pro-
grams.
Keywords: 'Combustion, 'Air pollution, Vapor phase,
Nitrogen oxides, Oxidation, Hydrocarbons, Mathemati-
cal models, Coal, Particle size, Mixing, Turbulent diffu-
sion, Project planning, One dimensional flow, Tests,
Boundaries, Stationary sources, Gas phase.
PB88-144068/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Protection of Turf Grasses, 1979-March 1987: Ci-
tations from AGRICOLA (Agricultural OnLlne
Access) Concerning Diseases and Other Environ-
mental Considerations. Bibliographies and literature
of agriculture,
National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.
C. N. Bebee. Dec 87,162p* USDA/BLA-60
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Pesticide Pro-
grams.
The citations in the bibliography are selected from
works by U.S. authors on all aspects of the protection
of turf grasses. All citations are derived from AGRI-
COLA (AGRICultural OnLine Access), the family of da-
tabases compiled by the National Agricultural Library
and its cooperators.
Keywords: 'Protection, 'Turf grasses, 'Bibliographies,
Plant diseases, Toxicity, Forage grasses, Cultivation,
Plant nutrition, Plant growth, Pest control, Nematoda,
Biphenyl, Chlorine organic compounds, Bermuda
grass.
PB88-144126/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
M. Truman Fossum Floriculture Collection: A Reg-
ister of His Papers in the National Agricultural Li-
brary. Bibliographies and literature of agriculture,
National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.
A. Fusonie. Nov 87,129p' USDA/BLA-55
M. Truman Fossum, originator of statistical, marketing,
and related economic research and information serv-
ices for commercial floriculture, has dedicated any lit-
erary rights including copyrights that he possesses in
the collection to the public. The public has access to
all but 56 boxes in the collection. These 56 boxes
(263(41-314 and 317-321) will remain closed until the
donor's death.
Keywords: 'Marketing, 'Flowers, 'Cultivation, 'Bib-
liographies, Ornamental plants, Greenhouses, Statisti-
cal analysis, Archives, Documents, Surveys, Collec-
tion, Cost analysis, Floriculture, National Agriculture Li-
brary, M Truman Fossum, Nurseries.
954 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB88-144159/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Solicitation for Research Grant Proposals.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Oct 87.21 p EPA/600/8-87/051
Supersedes PB87-119913.
Grants are an important means by which EPA under-
writes research on environmental topics in the aca-
demic sector. Therefore, the document solicits investi-
gator-initiated proposals to address ORD's priority re-
search needs. The solicitation relates only to the re-
search grants procedures and administered by the
ORD's Office of Exploratory Research and outlines the
procedures for applying for grant assistance.
Keywords: 'Grants, Methodology, Environments,
Manuals, Research projects, 'Solicitation.
PB88-144167/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
MINTEQA1, an Equilibrium Metal Speclation
Model: User's Manual,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
D. S. Brown, and J. D. Allison. Oct 87,103p EPA/600/
3-87/012
Prepared in cooperation with Computer Sciences
Corp., Athens, GA.
Recent advances in technical understanding of the
processes controlling the behavior of pollutants in the
environment have lea to the development of many pre-
dictive models. MINTEQA1 is a versatile, quantitative
geochemical model for predicting the equilibrium be-
havior of metals in a variety of chemical environments.
The complex series of reactions among solution spe-
cies, gases, solids, and sorbed phases can be mod-
eled relatively easily using MINTEQA1. The MIN-
TEQA1 manual is designed to acquaint new users with
the geochemical principles and mathematical formal-
isms involved in using the program. A major goal is to
minimize the effort unfamiliar users must expend in ac-
quiring an operational knowledge of the valuable envi-
ronmental modeling tool and thus promote its use in a
variety of environmental risk assessment and hazard
evaluation scenarios.
Keywords: 'Thermodynamic equilibrium, 'Pollution,
"Geochemistry, 'Metals, Commputer systems pro-
8rams, Mathematical models, Environmental tests,
ata bases, Risk. 'User manuals(Computer pro-
grams), Environmental monitoring.
PB88-144308/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Laboratory and Inatream Nitrification Rates for
Selected Streams. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
S. McCutcheon. 1987,21 p EPA/600/J-87/115
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Engineering, v113 n13
p628-646 Jun 87.
Nitrification rate coefficients are predicted from bio-
chemical oxygen demand tests for two rivers that are
moderately deep but have some shoals and riffles. The
two streams studied are notable for the lack of a thick
benthic community and for the low flow velocities.
Measured nitrification coefficients are compared to in-
dependently derived coefficients from calibrated first-
order nitrification models of the Chattahoochee River
in Georgia and the West Fork Trinity River in Texas.
For both river studies, sufficient evidence is available
to indicate that the nitrification models adequately sep-
arate nitrification from other processes that transform
nitrogen.
Keywords: "Nitrification, 'Streams, Chattahoochee
River, West Fork Trinity River, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Water chemistry, Water analysis, Water qual-
ity, Water pollution, Nitrogen, Sampling, Calibrating,
Reprints.
PB88-144316/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effect of Low Laval Carbon Monoxide on Com-
pensatory Tracking and Event Monitoring. Journal
article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
V. A. Benignus, K. E. Muller, C. N. Barton, and J. D.
Prah. C1987,10p EPA/600/J-87/130
Contract EPA-68-02-3800
Pub. in Neurotoxicology and Teratology, v9 p227-234
1987. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC„ and Army Medical Re-
search and Development Command, Fort Detrick, MD.
Experiments by Putz et al. concerning the effect of
carbon monoxide (CO) exposure on compensatory
tracking and monitoring in healthy young men were
replicated. Task and procedural variables were repro-
duced as closely as practical. Subjects were exposed
to either room air or 100 ppm CO. Mean carboxyhe-
moglobin (COHb) levels in the high CO exposure
groups were 5.1% for Putz et al. (70 ppm exposure),
and 8.24% for the present study (100 ppm exposure).
In both studies elevated COHb produced a statistically
significant increase over time in log mean absolute de-
viation scores (tracking error) with respect to control
groups. The magnitude of the effect was smaller in the
present study, perhaps because of subtle methodo-
logical or training differences between studies. The re-
lationship between task difficulty and magnitude of
CO-induced dysfunction remains unresolved. In con-
trast to Putz et al. no statistically significant effect of
COHb in monitoring behavior was found. The failure to
replicate the feature may reflect the large differences
in baseline performance, and higher variance in the
present study. (Copyright (c) Pergamon Journal Ltd.
1987.)
Keywords: "Carbon monoxide, 'Monitoring, 'Air pollu-
tion, Exposure, Responses, Human behavior, Vigi-
lance, Toxicology, Environmental health, Reprints.
PB88-144324/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.	v
Functional Consequences of Prenatal Methytmer-
cury Exposure: Effects on Renal and Hepatic Re-
sponses to Trophic Stimuli and on Renal Excreto-
ry Mechanisms. Journal article,
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC. Dept. of
Pharmacology.
T. A. Slotkin, R. J. Kavlock, T. Cowdery, L. Orband, and
M. Bartolome. c1986,17p EPA/600/J-86/426
Grant EPA-R-811621
Pub. in Toxicology Letters, v34 p231-245 1986. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
The effects of prenatal exposure to methylmercury on
the functional development of renal and hepatic re-
sponse systems was examined in the developing rat.
Methylmercury produced an elevation of basiri activity
of renal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC, an enzyme in-
volved in regulation of cellular maturation) and an
eventual relative hypertrophy; liver ODC was reduced
and hypertrophy was not evident. In contrast, the reac-
tivity of liver ODC to trophic stimulants (vasopressin,
isoproterenol) was markedly enhanced by prenatal
methylmercury exposure, whereas renal ODC re-
sponses were much less affected (vasopressin) or ac-
tually reduced (isoproterenol). Targeted actions of
methylmercury on renal excretory function were also
prominent, with increased fractional excretions urea
and electrolytes and an eventual reduction in glomeru-
lar filtration as assessed by creatinine clearance.
These studies show that doses of methylmercury ordi-
narily associated with selective actions on develop-
ment of neurobehavioral patterns also influence the
functional ontogeny of other organ systems; further-
more, the fact that the target tissues are different for
prenatal vs postnatal methylmercury exposure, indi-
cates that the functional teratology of methylmercury
exhibits critical periods of sensitivity. (Copyright (c) El-
sevier Science Publishers B.V.)
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Physiological effects, Kidney
Liver, Heart, Nervous system disorders, Behavior dis-
orders, Rats, Biochemistry, Reprints, 'Methylmercury
"Prenatal exposure delayed effects.
PB88-144332/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianala
Park, NC.	a
Viral Antibodies In Agricultural Populations Ex-
posed to Aerosols from Wastewater irrigation
during a Viral Disease Outbreak. Journal article,
Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem (Israel).
B. Fattal, M. Margalith, H. I. Shuval, Y. Wax, and A
Morag. C1987,10p EPA/600/J-87/125
Grant EPA-R-806416
Pub. in American Jnl. of Epidemiology, v125 n5 pang
906 May 87. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The presence of antibodies to eight enteroviruses
(ecovirus types 4, 7, and 9, coxsackievirus types A9,
B1, B3, B4 and hepatitis A virus (HAY)) and Varicella-
zoster virus was determined during a two-year period,
1980/1981 in paired blood samples of 777 persons in
selected agricultural communities (kibbutzim) in Israel.
These communities were divided into several catego-
ries on the basis of wastewater utilization for sprinkler
irrigation and/or fishponds. Among the nine viral anti-
bodies studied, there was a consistent and significant
excess of antibodies against Echovirus 4 only, particu-
larly in the 0-5 year-old age group, in kibbutzim which
had been exposed to aerosols from sprinkler irrigation
with partially treated wastewater from nearby towns.
(Copyright (c) 1987 by The Johns Hopkins University
School of Hygiene and Public Health.)
Keywords: 'Aerosols, 'Antibodies, 'Viruses, ECHO vi-
ruses, Enteroviruses, Hepatitis viruses, Chickenpox,
Viral diseases, Waste water, Sprinkler irrigation, Irriga-
tion, Microorganisms, Contaminants, Farms, Epidemi-
ology, Ponds, Israel, Reprints, "Viral, Varicella-zoster
virus, Disease outbreaks, Pollutants.
PB88-144340/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Immunotoxlcologic Evaluation of Chlorine-Based
Drinking Water Disinfectants, Sodium Hypochlo-
rite and Monochloramine. Journal article,
Idaho Univ., Moscow.
J. H. Exon, L. D. Koller, C. A. O'Reilly, and J. P. Bercz.
C1907,14p EPA/600/J-87 /122
Pub. in Toxicology, v44 n3 p257-269 Jun 87. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to chlorine-
based disinfectants in the drinking water from weaning
to 12 weeks of age, at which time they were terminated
and assessed for immune competence. Chlorine-
based drinking water disinfectants used were sodium
hypochlorite (5, 15 and 30 ppm) and monochloramine
(9, 19 and 38 ppm). Significant (P < 0.05) reductions
of spleen weight, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH)
reactions, and oxidative metabolism by macrophages
were observed only in groups of rats exposed to high
levels (30 ppm) of sodium hypochlorite, while prostag-
landin E2 (PGE 2) production was elevated. Rats ex-
posed to the higher doses of monochloramine had re-
duced spleen weights (38 ppm), decreased antibody
synthesis (9 and 19 ppm) and augmented PGE 2 pro-
duction (19 and 38 ppm). Alteration of immune func-
tion of chlorine-based disinfectant-exposed rats in the
study was only evident at relatively high doses, and
only selected immune responses were altered; there-
fore, it appears that these chlorine-based disinfectants
are not particularly strong immunodepressants. (Copy-
right (c) 1987 Elsevier Scientific Publishers Ireland
Ltd.)
Keywords: "Chlorine, "Disinfectants, "Immunity,
Sodium hypochlorite, Chlorine organic compounds,
Water treatment, Exposure, Toxicity, Cytology, Rats,
Potable water, Reprints, Phagocytosis, Health risks.
PB88-144357/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Conditioned Flavor Aversions: Applications In As-
sessing the Efficacy of Chelators in the Treat-
ment of Heavy-Metal Intoxication. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D. B. Peele, J. D. Farmer, and R. C. MacPhail. 1987,
16p EPA/600/J-87/120
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v88
p397-410May87.
A series of studies investigated the conditioned flavor
aversions induced by administration of either lead or
thallium in combination with either dimercaprol or di-
mercaptosuccinic acid in an attempt to correlate
changes in flavor-aversion conditioning to changes
known to alter the toxicity of metal administration. Rats
receiving either lead or thallium showed significant re-
ductions in saccharin preferences (i.e.. conditioned
flavor aversions). Rats receiving lead acetate in combi-
nation with either of the two chelators displayed signifi-
cantly reduced conditioned flavor aversions when
compared to the aversions induced in rats receiving
lead alone. Under the same conditions, there were no
differences in the conditioned flavor aversions of rats
receiving thallium only and those of rats receiving thal-
lium in combination with either of the two chelators. At-
tenuation of the lead-induced conditioned flavor aver-
sions was eliminated when chelator administration
was delayed by 4 hr. This attenuation of lead-induced
but not thallium-induced aversions by dimercaprol and
dimercaptosuccinic acid demonstrates the sensitivity
and selectivity of the flavor-aversion conditioning para-
digm in characterizing metal-chelator interactions.
Keywords: "Chelating agents, Nervous system, Toxic
diseases, Lead poisoning. Toxicology, Thallium, Rats,
Laboratory animals, Reprints, "Flavor aversions,
'Heavy metals, Intoxication, Dimercaprol, Food prefer-
ences.
PB88-144365/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Aniline and Three Derivatives on Labo-
ratory Microecosystems. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. D. Yount, and L. J. Shannon. c1987, 9p EPA/600/J-
87/126
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v6
P463-468 Jun 87. Prepared in cooperation with Minne-
sota Univ.-Duluth. Dept. of Biology.
Generic mixed-flask microcosms were used to evalu-
ate ecosystem responses to aniline and three closely
related compounds-2,6-diisopropylaniline, 4-hexylox-
yaniline and 2,3,5,6-tetrachloroaniline. Toxicity was
determined on both an acute and chronic basis using
changes in ecosystem -level variables (pH and dis-
solved oxygen levels) as indicators of effect. These
calculated toxicity values were then compared with re-
ported toxicity data on bacteria, algae, protozoa and
Cladocera to evaluate the relative sensitivity of the
method. The relative toxicities of the tested com-
pounds were the same in microcosm tests as in the
available single-species tests, but the range between
the most and least toxic as determined by the micro-
cosm test was smaller by an order of magnitude. Ani-
line was the least toxic, followed, in order of increasing
toxicity, by 2,6-diisopropylaniline, 4-hexyloxyaniline
and 2,3,5,6-tetrachloroaniline. The minimum effect
concentrations determined for these compounds were
generally lower than reported literature values, sug-
gesting that the method does not sacrifice sensitivity in
providing an integrated picture of ecosystem-level ef-
fects.
Keywords: "Anilines, "Toxicology. Bacteria, Algae,
Protozoa, Cladocera, Reprints, "Ecosystems, Microe-
cosystems.
PB88-144373/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Categorical Perception for Voicing Contrasts in
Normal and Lead-Treated Rhesus Monkeys: Elec-
trophysiological Indices. Journal article,
Boston Univ., MA.
P. A. Morse, D. Molfese, N. K. Laughlin, S. Linnville,
and F. Wetzel. c1987,20p EPA/600/J-87/127
Grant EPA-R-811664
Pub. in Brain and Language, v30 p63-80 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Southern Illinois Univ. at
Carbondale, and Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Sponsored
by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Categorical perception of voicing contrasts was evalu-
ated in rhesus monkeys. The monkeys had been
chronically exposed to subclinical levels of lead either
from conception to birth, or for approximately six
months postnatally beginning at birth, or were never
exposed to lead. Auditory evoked responses were re-
corded at one year of age from scalp electrodes
placed over the left and right hemispheres during stim-
ulus presentation. A late component of the brain re-
sponses recorded from the right temporal region of all
monkeys discriminated between stimuli in a categori-
cal-like manner. The pattern of responses was noted
to be similar to that previously reported for humans.
Categorical discriminations were also noted earlier in
the waveforms for control monkeys and for monkeys
exposed to lead prenatally. No such effects were
noted for monkeys exposed to lead postnatally. These
results suggest that the neurocortlcal mechanisms as-
sociated with categorical perception for voicing infor-
mation may be similar across human and nonhuman
primates. However, early exposure to lead appears to
alter these processes. (Copyright (c) 1987 by Academ-
ic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: "Auditory perception, "Monkeys, Electro-
physiology, Lead, Exposure, Speech, Brain damage,
Behavior disorders, CNS disorders, Physiological ef-
fects, Reprints.
PB88-144381/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Removing Trihalomethane Precursors by Coagu-
lation. Journal article,
Massachusetts Univ., Amherst.
R. E. Hubel, and J. K. Edzwald. C1987,12p EPA/600/
J-87/119
Grant EPA-R-807034
Pub. in Jnl. of American Water Works Association, v79
n7 p98-106 Jul 87. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
The removal of trihalomethane precursors by coagula-
tion was studied with low turbidity, low alkalinity waters
containing high levels of aquatic humic matter. Jar
tests were conducted with synthetic and natural
waters using alum, high-molecular-weight polymers,
cationic polymers, and various combinations of these
coagulants. Cationic polymers alone were found to be
less effective than alum in the coagulation of humic
substances. High-molecular-weight polymers used as
coagulant aids with alum improved turbidity removal
but not precursor removal, whereas high-charge-den-
sity cationic polymers with alum as a coagulant aid pro-
vided good precursor removals at low alum dosages.
(Copyright (c) Journal of American Water Works Asso-
ciation 79(7):98-106, July 1987.)
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Coagulation, "Potable
water, "Chemical removal(Water treatment), Halogen-
ation, Chorination, Graphs(Charts), Carcinogens, Poly-
mers, Humic acids, Reprints, *THM(Trihalomethane).
PB88-144399/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Prenatal Exposure to Methylmercury Alters Devel-
opment of Adrenergic Receptor Binding Sites in
Peripheral Sympathetic Target Tissues. Journal ar-
ticle,
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC. Dept. of
Pharmacology.
T. A. Slotkin, L. Orband, T. Cowdery, R. J. Kavlock, and
J. Bartolome. C1987,13p EPA-R-811621-87/129
Grant EPA-R-811621
Pub. in Toxicology Letters, v35 p285-295 1987. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
In order to assess the impact of prenatal exposure to
methylmercury on sympathetic neurotransmission, ef-
fects on development of adrenergic receptor binding
sites in peripheral tissues was evaluated. In the liver,
methylmercury produced a dose-dependent increase
in alpha sub 1, alpha sub 2 and beta-receptor binding
of radioliganda throughout the first 5 weeks of postna-
tal life. Similarly, renal alpha-receptor subtypes
showed increased binding capabilities, but binding to
alpha-receptor sites was reduced. At least some of the
changes In receptors appear to be of functional signifi-
cance, as physiological reactivity to adrenergic stimu-
lation is altered in the same directions in these two tis-
sues. The actions of methylmercury displayed tissue
specificity in that the same receptor populations were
largely unaffected in other tissues (lung, heart). These
results suggest that methylmercury exposure in utero
alters adrenergic responses through targeted effects
on postsynaptic receptor populations in specific tis-
sues. (Copyright (c) Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.
(Biomedical Division).)
Keywords: "Adrenergics, "Mercury organic com-
pounds, Contaminants, Embryos, Pregnancy, Liver,
Kidney, Lung, Heart, Fungicides, Rats, Dosage, Re-
prints, * Methylmercury compounds, "Prenatal expo-
sure delayed effects, Receptors, Adrenergic, Dose-re-
sponse relationship, Binding sites, Pollutants, Drug.
PB88-144407/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Neonatal Methylmercury Exposure on
Adrenergic Receptor Binding Sites In Peripheral
Tissues of the Developing Rat. Journal article,
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC. Dept. of
Pharmacology.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
T. A. Slotkin, R. J. Kavlock, T. Cowdery, L. Orband, and
M. Bartolome. C1986, 14pEPA/600/J-86/427
Grant EPA-R-811621
Pub. in Toxicology, v41 p95-106 1986. See also report
dated 1985, PB86-120334. Sponsored by Health Ef-
fects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Neonatal exposure to methylmercury produces
changes in patterns of tissue growth and function, in
part, due to alterations in adrenergic neuronal input. To
explore the mechanisms by which these changes
come about, newborn rats were exposed to methyl-
mercury (1 or 2.5 mg/kg/day) throughout the
preweaning stage and the ontogeny of adrenergic re-
ceptor binding sites evaluated in liver, kidney, heart
and lung, using (3H)prazosin (alpha 1-receptors),
(3H)rauwolscine (alpha 2-receptors) and
(125l)pindolol (beta-receptors). In the kidney, methyl-
mercury caused decreases in beta- and alpha 1 -recep-
tor binding and increases in alpha 2-binding, and the
alterations persisted into adulthood; previous work has
shown that beta-receptor-mediated responses are
generally enhanced in methylmercury-exposed pups,
and the down-regulation of beta-receptor binding thus
probably represents a compensatory action secondary
to alterations in post-receptor coupling mechanisms.
The effects of methylmercury on hepatic adrenergic
receptors were different from those seen in the kidney,
with substantial elevations in beta- and alpha-receptor
binding apparent in the preweaning stage; this agrees
also with the differences in effects of the mercurial on
trophic reactivity and growth in the two tissues.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, *Tissues(Biology), Rats, Lab-
oratory animals, Pregnancy, Reprints, "Mercury/
methyl, "Adrenergic receptor binding sites.
PB88-144415/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.
Mouse Testicular and Sperm Cell Development
Characterized from Birth to Adulthood by Dual
Parameter Flow Cytometry. Journal article,
South Dakota State Univ., Brookings.
F. C. Janca, L. K. Jost, and D. P. Evenson. c1986,14p
EPA/600/J-86/425
Grant EPA-R-810091
Pub. in Biology of Reproduction, v34 p613-623 1986.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Dual parameter flow cytometry was used to investigate
cellular changes in male germinal tissue during normal
postpartum maturation In B6C3F1/J mice. Animals
were sacrificed at 2 day intervals from 2 to 42 days
postpartum and also at 48, 64, 72, 93 and 100 days
postpartum. Testicular, cauda epididymis and vas de-
ferens cell suspensions were stained with the metach-
romatic fluorochrome acridine orange and measured
by flow cytometry for red and green fluorescence
levels after excitation by blue laser light. Intensities of
red and green fluorescence reflect amounts of single-
and double-strand nucleic acid sites available for acri-
dine orange staining, respectively, and were used to
classify cells on the basis of ploidy level, RNA content,
and chromatin structure as defined by susceptibility to
acid denaturation of DNA in situ. Sperm from cauda
epididymis and vas deferens were examined by light
microscopy to determine frequency of abnormal sperm
head morphology. (Copyright (c) Biology of Reproduc-
tion 34,613-623 (1986).)
Keywords: "Testis, "Germ cells, "Mice, Acridines.
Cells(Biology), Nucleic acids, Ribonucleic acids, Re-
prints, "Flow cytometry, "Spermatozoa, Sperm count,
Sperm head, Acridine orange. Epididymis, Vas defer-
ens, Interphase.
PB88-144423/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Iowa Univ., Iowa City. Coll. of Medicine.
Age-Related Alterations in the Stimulated Release
In vitro of Catecholamines and Luteinizing Hor-
mone-Releasing Hormone from the Male Rat Hy-
pothalamus. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
park NC.
J M Goldman, R. L. Cooper, G. L. Rehnberg, S.
GabeUnd W. K. McElroy c1987,9p EPA/600/J-87/
128
Pub. in Neurochemical Research, v12 n7 p651-657
1987. Prepared in cooperation with National Inst, of
Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Sponsored by Iowa Univ., Iowa City. Coll. of
Medicine.
956 Vol. 90, No. 24
Using an in vitro perifusion system, the present study
investigated the possibility that alterations in catecho-
lamine and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
(LHRH) secretion from the male rat mediobasal hy-
pothalamus are present during the period of middle-
age. The results indicate that, while tissue concentra-
tions and baseline secretion of norepinephrine, dopa-
mine and LHRH were similar between age groups, the
patterns of dopamine and LHRH release in response
to a series of depolarizing stimuli was different in the
older animals. After all challenges, dopamine concen-
trations in the perifusate declined much more sharply
for the middle-aged group, a finding that may be asso-
ciated with a decrease with age in the pool of transmit-
ter available for ready release. (Copyright (c) 1987
Plenum Publishing Corporation.)
Keywords: "Catecholamines, "Aging(Biology), "Hy-
pothalamus, Norepinephrine, Dopamine, Rats,
Tissues(Biology), Reprints, LH-FSH releasing hor-
mone, Tissue culture, Electric stimulation.
PB88-144431/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Small Rodents and Other Mammals Associated
with Mountain Meadows as Reservoirs of 'Gear-
dia' spp. and 'Campylobacter' spp. Journal article,
Central Washington Univ., Ellensburg. Dept. of Biologi-
cdl Sciences
R. E. Pacha, G. W. Clark, E. A. Williams, A. M. Carter,
and J. J. Scheffelmaier. c1987, 9p EPA/600/J-87/116
Grant EPA-R-810827
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v53
n7 p1574-1579 Jul 87. Sponsored by Central Washing-
ton Univ., Ellensburg. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
Sixty-five percent of the fecal samples collected from
small rodents in the central Washington Cascades
were positive for Giardia spp. Trapping studies showed
that microtines of the genus Microtus were heavily in-
fected with the parasite. Morphologically the cysts and
trophozoites were of the G. duodenalis type. Small
rodent populations appear to maintain their infection
throughout the year. Data suggests that there is no dif-
ference in the percent of positive animals in areas re-
ceiving a lot of human use as opposed to those areas
receiving very little or no human use. Giardia spp. was
also found in elk and beaver samples. Campylobacter
spp. was recovered infrequently from the small ro-
dents inhabiting alpine meadows. Water voles were
found to be susceptible to a human isolate of C. jejuni
and to shed the bacterium for several weeks, the
studies indicate that microtines and possibly other
small rodents inhabiting mountain meadows have a
potential to act as a reservoir for both Giardia spp. and
Campylobacter spp. Because these animals may carry
human pathogens they should be included in animal
surveys designed to assess the health risks associat-
ed with mountain watersheds. (Copyright (c) 1987,
American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: "Giardiasis, "Disease vectors, "Parasitic
diseases, "Gastrointestinal diseases, Rodents, Giar-
dia, Water resources, Water pollution, Streams, Diar-
rhea, Reprints, Campylobacter, Washington cascades.
PB88-144449/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Reactivation of Solids from Furnace Injection of
Limestone for 802 Control. Journal article,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
W. Jozewicz, and J. C. S. Chang. c1987,9p EPA/600/
J-87/117
Contract EPA-68-02-3988
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v21
n7 p664-670 Jul 87. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper gives results of a characterization of post-
furnace injection solids and flyash mixtures and their
testing in a bench-scale reactor for the removal of
S02. Virtually no S02 removal was observed with un-
treated solids. High S02 capture occurred when the
samples were hydrated and dried prior to S02 expo-
sure. The S02 capture by solids increased with in-
creasing time and temperature of hydration. For the
same time/temperature conditions of hydration, higher
S02 capture was achieved with solids of higher
flyash/sorbent ratio. A possible mechanism of en-
hanced S02 capture by hydration of the product solids
is discussed. (Copyright (c) 1987, The American
Chemical Society.)
Keywords: "Sulfur dioxide, Furnances, Limestone,
Sorbents, Hydration, Combustion, Fly ash, Pollution,
Air pollution control, Reprints, "Reactivation, "Emis-
sion control, Limestone injection, Stationary sources.
PB88-144456/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of the Fungicide Methyl-Benzlmidazol-2-yl
Carbamate (MBC) on Mouse Germ Cells as Deter-
mined by Flow Cytometry. Journal article.
South Dakota State Univ., Brookings. Dept. of Chemis-
try.
D. P. Evenson, F. C. Janca, and L. K. Jost. c1987,15p
EPA/600/J-87/123
Grant EPA-R-810991
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health,
v20 p387-399 1987. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Dual-parameter (DNA, RNA) flow cytometry (FCM)
measurements were made on testicular and epidiymal
sperm cells isolated from mice exposed by oral gavage
to 0, 250, 500, or 1000 mg/kg x 5 d of the fungicide
methylbezimidazol-2-yl carbamate (MBC), which is
known to bind with tubulin subunits and inhibit polym-
erization and microtubule formation. Effects of expo-
sure to MBC were measured at 7, 24, and 39 d post-
treatment. MBC had no effect on body weights, but
testis weights and sperm parameters were altered,
with few exceptions, only at the highest exposure
level. Testis weights were reduced by about 25% at 7
and 24 d after exposure; recovery was observed by 39
d after treatment. FCM measurements of testicular
cells showed relative percentages of certain testicular
populations (round, elongating, and elongated sper-
matids) were different from the control pattern 7 and
24 d after treatment. These data demonstrate that
spermatogenesis is sensitive to high-dose MBC expo-
sure resulting in an altered ratio of testicular cell types
present, abnormal sperm head morphology, and an al-
tered sperm chromatin structure. (Copyright (c) 1987
by Hemisphere Publishing Corporation.)
Keywords: "Fungicides, Physiological effects, Testicu-
lar diseases, Germ cells. Morphology, Mice, Male geni-
tal diseases, Toxicology, Reprints, "Spermatogenesis,
Carbamate/methyl-benzimidazol-2-yl, Sperm head,
Chromation.
PB88-144464/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Removal of Taste- and Odor-Causing Compounds
by Biofilms Grown on Humlc Substances. Journal
article,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign.
E. Namkung, and B. E. Rittmann. C1987,9p EPA/600/
J-87/118
Grant EPA-R-810462
Pub. in Jnl. of American Water Works Association, v79
n7 p107-112 Jul 87. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
Laboratory experiments showed that biodegradation
of taste- and odor-causing compounds by biofilms
grown on natural humic materials is feasible. Although
the mineralization of peat fulvic acid (PFA) was rela-
tively low (about 10 percent), long-term application of
the PFA resulted in a significant amount of biofilm
mass in the reactor and allowed the secondary utiliza-
tion of trace levels of taste and odor compounds
These results suggest that biofilms grown on naturai
organic materials can play an important role in remov-
ing taste and odor compounds during water treatment
Examples of drinking water treatment processes that
allow good biofilm accumulation are granular activated
carbon, sand filters, river bank filtration, submerged
fixed-bed reactors, and fluidized-bed reactors. (Copy-
right (c) Journal of American Water Works Association
79(7): 107-112, July 1987.)	'
Keywords: "Biodeterloration, "Humus, "Potable water
Taste, Odors, Flavor, Water treatment, Water supply'
Organic soils, Organic compounds, Humic acids, Del
composition, Peat, Reprints, "Drinking water, 'Biode-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-144472/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effects of NICI2 and CdCI2 on Susceptibility to
Murine Cytomegalovirus and Virus-Augmented
Natural Killer Cell and Interferon Responses. Jour-
nal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. J. Daniels, M. G. Menache, G. R. Burleson, J. A.
Graham, and M. K. Selgrade. c1987,13p EPA/600/J-
87/121
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, v8 p443-
453 1987. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Serv-
ices, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Female C3H/HeJ or CD-1 mice were infected with a
sublethal dose of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV)
and then exposed to nickel chloride NiCI2 or cadmium
chloride (CdCI2), intramuscularly (im) or by inhalation.
Effects of these treatments on disease susceptibility,
virus-augmented and spontaneous natural killer (NK)
cell activity, and virus induction of interferon (IFN) were
determined. NiCI2 (20 mg/kg, im) enhanced mortality
due to MCMV in both mouse strains, and a reduction in
virus augmented NK cell activity was seen at doses as
low as 10 mg NiCI2/kg (im). At 6.25 mg CdCI2/kg (im)
there was a significant depression of NK cell activity,
but there was no effect on mortality due to infection.
Effects on NK activity did not appear to be due to ef-
fects on IFN production since neither of the metal
treatments caused depression of the response. Nei-
ther metal had any effect on these parameters when
given by inhalation. (Copyright (c) 1987 by the Society
of Toxicology.)
Keywords: "Nickel, "Cadmium, "Immunology, "Toxici-
ty, Viral diseases, Infectious diseases, Immunity, Labo-
ratory animals, Mice, Reprints, "Immune reactions,
"Toxic substances, Cytomegaloviruses, Killer
cells(Natural), Interferon inducers.
PB88-144480/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati. OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Organic Contaminants Removal for Potable
Reuse. Journal article,
Denver Water Dept., CO.
S. E. Rogers, D. L. Peterson, and W. C. Lauer. c1987,
13p EPA/600/J-87/124
Grant EPA-CS-806821
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Pollution Control Federation, v59
n7 p722-732 Jul 87. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
Denver's potable water reuse demonstration plant was
designed to explore the issues that surround the con-
version of secondary municipal wastewater effluent
into potable water. This unconventional raw water
supply may provide a source which could be economi-
cally competitive with the development of future raw
water sources. Technical issues to be addressed in-
clude product quality and consumer safety, treatment
cost evaluations, and regulatory agency endorsement;
non-technical issues involve public education and ac-
ceptance. (Copyright (c) Journal of Water Pollution
Control Federation, 1987.)
Keywords: "Chemical removal(Water treatment), "Po-
table water, Waste water, Effluents, Water treatment.
Cost analysis, Quality assurance, Safety, Education,
Reprints, Denver(Colorado).
PB88-144498/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Hydrologlc and Chemical Characteristics of Dark-
water, Clearwater and Acidic Lakes in the United
States. Symposium paper,
Western Washington Univ., Bellingham.
D. F. Brakke, J. M. Eilers, and D. H. Landers. Dec 87,
14p EPA/600/D-87/360
Grants EPA-R-812653, EPA-R-10652
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Major differences were found in the distribution of lake
types between areas of the United States. Drainage
lakes were most common in the Northeast and West.
Seepage lakes were common in some areas of the
Upper Midwest (59% of the lakes in Northcentral Wis-
consin) and Florida (66%). Seepage lakes represent-
ed 18% of the lakes in the West. Seepage lakes in the
Northeast had ANC values similar to drainage lakes
whereas seepage lakes in the Upper Midwest and
Florida had lower ANC compared to drainage lakes.
Reservoirs in all regions had the highest median ANC
and Ca2 + . Hydrologic residence times were two to
three times shorter in the Northeast than in the Upper
Midwest, but DOC was inversely related to residence
time in both areas. Acidic drainage lakes (ANC < micro
eq/L) had residence times equivalent to acidic, clear-
water lakes suggesting the acidic lakes were derived
from low DOC, Clearwater lakes.
Keywords: "Chemical composition, "Lakes, Water
composition, Chemical analysis, Acidification, Hydrolo-
gy, Water pollution. Acid deposition.
PB88-145081/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1):
Davis Liquid Waste Site, Smithfield, Rhode Island
(First Remedial Action), September 1987. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
29 Sep 87,158p EPA/ROD/R01 -87/022
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Davis Liquid Waste site is located in a rural section
of the Town of Smithfield, Providence County, Rhode
Island. The 15-acre site, bounded on the north and
south by wetlands and swamp areas, is within one-half
mile of 38 homes. Throughout the 1970s, the site
served as a disposal location for various hazardous
liquid and chemical wastes including: paint and metal
sludge; oily wastes; solvents; acids; caustics; pesti-
cides; phenols; halogens; metals; fly ash; and, labora-
tory pharmaceuticals. Liquid wastes were accepted at
the site in drums and bulk tank trucks and were
dumped directly into unlined lagoons and seepage
pits. The dumping has resulted in soil, surface and
ground water contamination that still persists. Periodi-
cally the semi-solid lagoon materials were excavaled
and dumped in several onsite locations and covered
with available site soil. Other site operations Included
the collection of junked vehicles, machine parts, metal
recycling and tire shredding. In 1977 the discovery of
offsite well contamination prompted the State Superior
Court to prohibit dumping of hazardous substances on
the Davis property.
Keywords: "Industrial wastes. "Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Sediments, Soil, Volatile organic com-
pounds, Metals, Arsenic, Benzene, Inorganic com-
pounds, Rhode Island, "Superfund program, "Remedi-
al actions, "Record of decision, TCE, DCE.
PB8B-145099/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Chemical Control Corporation, Elizabeth, New
Jersey (First Remedial Action), September 1987.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
23 Sep 87, 51 p EPA/ROD/R02-87/041
See also report dated Sep 83, PB85-213684.Portions
of this document are not fully legible.
The Chemical Control Corporation (CCC) site, consist-
ing of 2.2 acres and a portion of the Elizabeth River, is
located in Union County, New Jersey. The site area,
formerly a marsh, is flat and barely above sea level.
The surrounding area is mostly industrial. However,
one residence is within 200 feet of the site. Densely
populated neighborhoods are located across the Eliza-
beth River. From 1970 to 1978, CCC operated as a
hazardous waste storage, treatment and disposal facil-
ity accepting various types of chemicals including:
acids, arsenic, bases, cyanides, flammable solvents,
PCBs, compressed bases, biological agents and pesti-
cides. Throughout its operations, CCC was cited for
discharge and waste storage violations. In March
1979, the State of New Jersey initiated a site cleanup
of bulk solids and liquids, drums at and below the sur-
face, gas cylinders, infectious wastes, radioactive
wastes, highly explosive liquids, debris, tanks and
three feet of soil. Excavated soli areas were replaced
with a three foot gravel cover.
Keywords: "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, Site surveys. Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Organic compounds, Volatile organic
compounds, Pesticides, Metals, Soil, Sediments,
Rivers, "Superfund program, "Remedial actions,
•Record of decision.
PB88-145107/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Suffern Village Well Field, Suffern, New York (First
Remedial Action), September 1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
25 Sep 87, 50p EPA/ROD/R02-87/042
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Suffern Village Well Field site is located in Rock-
land County, New York. The Village of Suffern oper-
ates four production wells that provide water to ap-
proximately 12,000 people. In September 1978 moni-
toring activities detected 1,1,1 -trichloroethane (TCEA),
a common industrial chemical compound, and trace
VOCs in the municipal water distribution system. In De-
cember 1978, wells 1,2 and 4 with TCEA levels of 90-
114 ppb were shut down. Municipal water supply re-
quirements were met by well 3. A subsequent survey
identified the Tempcon Corporation, a small local oil
burner reconditioning business, as the source of
TCEA. In January 1979, Tempcon ceased using a
seepage disposal pit and TCEA-based cleaning prod-
ucts. By March 1979, removal of waste material and
excavation and devolatilization of contaminated soils
were completed. A spray aeration treatment system
was then implemented to remove TCEA from the mu-
nicipal water supply. Monitoring results indicate TCEA
levels in the four wells below tne New York State De-
partment of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC)
guideline of 50 ppb.
Keywords: "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Volatile organic compounds, New
York, "Superfund program, "Remedial actions,
"Record of decision, TCEA, Ethane/trichloro.
PB88-145115/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
Sodyeco Site, Charlotte, North Carolina (First Re-
medial Action), September 1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
24 Sep 87, 67p EPA/ROD/R04-87/024
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Southern Dyestuff Company (Sodyeco) site, locat-
ed in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, consists of
approximately 1,300 acres. Approximately 20-30 resi-
dents reside within a one-quarter mile radius of the
site, while many of the areas 9,137 residents commute
daily to the site for employment. The site contains an
operating manufacturing facility consisting of produc-
tion units, a waste water treatment area and materials
storage areas. Approximately 1,040 acres are under-
developed. Sodyeco began operations at the site in
1936. In 1958, American Marietta (which became
Martin Marietta in 1961) purchased the site and ex-
panded the company's liquid sulfer dye production to
include the manufacture of vat and disperse dyes and
specialty products for agrochemical, electronic, explo-
sive, lithographic, pigment, plastic, rubber and general
chemical industries. The Sandoz Chemical Company
purchased the plant in 1983. Five CERCLA facilities,
identified as A, B, C. D and E, were identified as proba-
ble sources of the ground water and soil contamina-
tion.
Keywords: "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, "Superfund program, "Remedial ac-
tions, "Record of decision, Volatile organic com-
pounds, Ethane/trichloro, PAHs.
PB88-145123/HSU	PCA11
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Jonns-Manvllle-Waukegan Site, Illinois (First Re-
medial Action), June 1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Jun 87,233p EPA/ROD/R05-87/048
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Johns-Manville-Waukegan site is located along
Lake Michegan in East-Central Lake County, Illinois.
The disposal area, or site, covers approximately 120
acres of the approximately 300 acres of land owned by
the Manville Service Corporation, formerly the Johns-
Manville Sales Corporation. The Manville plant pres-
ently produces and has produced a wide range of
building materials. Since 1922, waste materials con-
taining primarily asbestos, and to a lesser extent, lead,
chrome, thiram and xylene have been deposited in a
variety of pits at the site many of which are no longer in
use. Presently, no asbestos or lead is used in the man-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ufacturing process except friable asbestos. Currently
active waste disposal pits include: the asbestos dis-
posal pit, which receives friable asbestos wastes from
manufacturing building reconstruction activities; the
sludge disposal pit, which receives dredged materials
from the onsite wastewater treatment system; and the
miscellaneous disposal pit in which miscellaneous,
non-asbestos-containing wastes are and were depos-
ited.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, "Hazardous materials,
•Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Soil, Air pollution, Asbestos,
Lead(Metal), Chromium, Particulates, Illinois, 'Super-
fund program, 'Remedial actions, "Record of deci-
sion.
PB88-145131/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Seymour Recycling Corporation Site, Seymour,
Indiana (Second Remedial Action), September
1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 87, 58p EPA/ROD/R05-87/050
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Seymour Recycling Corporation (SRC) site, en-
compassing a fourteen-acre area, is approximately two
miles southwest of Seymour, Indiana. SRC and its cor-
porate predecessor, Seymour Manufacturing Compa-
ny, processed, stored and incinerated chemical
wastes at the site from about 1970 to early 1980. The
facility was closed when SRC failed to comply with a
1978 agreement with the State of Indiana to cease re-
ceiving wastes and to institute better waste manage-
ment practices. In 1980, several thousand drums were
removed from the site by two potentially responsible
parties (PRPs). In 1981, the U.S. EPA removed chemi-
cals from tanks at the site and disposed of those
wastes offsite. A 1982 Consent Decree with potential
PRPs resulted in the removal, between December
1982 and January 1984, of approximately 50,000
drums, 100 storage tanks and the first foot of contami-
nated soil from about 75 percent of the site's surface.
A Record of Decision, signed in September 1986, eval-
uated the stabilization of the ground water plume ema-
nating from the site and selected the implementation
of a plume stabilization system to extract, treat and
discharge ground water to a waste water treatment
plant.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Indiana, Soil, Sediments, Volatile or-
ganic compounds, Inorganic compounds, 'Superfund
program, 'Remedial actions, "Record of decision,
TCt, Ethane/trichloro, DCE, Benzene.
PB88-145149/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
Crystal City Airport, Zavala County, Texas (First
Remedial Action), September 1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
29 Sep 87, 58p EPA/ROD/H06-87/023
The Crystal City Airport (CAA) site, comprising approxi-
mately 120 acres, is located in Zavala County, Texas.
CCA began operations during World War II as a military
installation for transporting and detailing persons of
Japanese descent. In 1949, the U.S. Government
deeded the airport to Crystal City. Since then, the city
has operated the facility as a municipal airport. Several
private aerial pesticide applicating companies con-
ducted business at the airport until 1982. In April 1983,
the Texas Department of Water Resources investigat-
ed the site because of the potential threat to local resi-
dents of waste pesticides left by applicating compa-
nies no longer in operation. Surficial soil at the site was
found to be highly contaminated with pesticides. In Oc-
tober 1983, an Immediate Removal Action, initiated by
the U.S. EPA, consolidated 40 cu. yds of waste and 50-
70 drums in two onsite disposal cells. In May 1984, a
second removal action disposed of 19 drums offsite
and secured the site with a fence. Approximately
12 000 cu. yds of surface soil are contaminated with
pesticides including: DDT, toxaphene and arsenic. The
selected remedial action includes: onsite consolidation
of contaminated soil, drums and buildings; multi-layer
RCRA capping; offsite injection well; disposal of de-
contaminated liquids; and fencing. The estimated
present worth cost for the remedy is $1,600,000.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials
"Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
958 Vol. 90, No. 24
waste disposal, Texas, Soils, Arsenic, Pesticides,
Metals, "Superfund program, "Remedial actions,
"Record of decision, DDT, Toxaphene.
PB88-145156/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 10):
Colbert Landfill, Washington (First Remedial
Action), September 1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
29 Sep 87,128p EPA/ROD/R10-87/010
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Colbert Landfill, a 40-acre county-owned sanitary
landfill is located in Spokane County, Washington.
From 1968 through 1986, the landfill received both
municipal and commercial wastes. During five years,
from 1975 to 1980, a local electronics manufacturing
company, Key Tronic Corporation, disposed of several
hundred gallons per month of spent organic solvents,
mainly methylene chloride and 1,1,1-trichloroethane
(TCA) at the landfill. These wastes were typically
brought to the landfill in drums and poured down the
sides of open trenches to mix with the soil or ordinary
municipal refuse already in the trench. During the
same period, Fairchild Air Force Base, disposed of var-
ious solvent wastes at the site. Pesticides and refinery
tar residues were also disposed on site, but to date,
these contaminants have not been detected in the
ground water. In 1980, nearby residents complained to
the Eastern Regional Office of the Washington Depart-
ment of Ecology about these disposal practices.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Washington(State), Carcinogens,
Volatile organic compounds, "Superfund program,
"Remedial actions, "Record of decision, PCE, TCA,
TCE.
PB88-145214/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Greenhouse Effect, Sea Level Rise, and Salinity in
the Delaware Estuary,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
C. H. J. Hull, J. G. Titus, G. P. Lennon, M. L. Thatcher,
and R. C. Tortoriello. May 86,98p EPA/230/05-86/
010
Library of Congress catalog card no. 86-11454. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Delaware River Basin Com-
mission, West Trenton, NJ., Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem,
PA., and ICF, Inc., Washington, DC.
In the coming decades, increasing concentrations of
carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases will warm
the earth's atmosphere. This could mean both an in-
crease in global sea level and changes in precipitation
patterns. A joint report by the EPA and the Delaware
River Basin Commission examines the implications of
a repeat of the 1960's drought combined with both a
21 inch and a 7 foot scenario of sea level rise. Planning
should not wait until uncertainties about sea level rise
are eliminated.
Keywords: "Greenhouse effect, "Sea level, 'Salinity,
Water quality, Earth atmosphere, Climate,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Droughts, Estuaries,
Aquifers, Temperature, Atmospheric physics, Dela-
ware River Estuary Region.
PB88-145222/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Potential Impacts of Sea Level Rise on the Beach
at Ocean City, Maryland,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
J. G. Titus, S. P. Leatherman, C. H. Everts, and D. L.
Kriebel. Oct 85,189p EPA/230/10-85/013
Library of Congress catalog card no. 85-27563. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Maryland Univ., College
Park, Moffatt and Nichol, Inc., Long Beach, CA., and
Florida Univ., Gainesville.
In the study, three independent teams of coastal re-
searchers estimate future erosion at Ocean City
through the year 2075. With accelerated sea level rise,
beaches may erode up to an average of 813 feet by
2075, requiring as much as 40 million cubic yards of
sand along the 8 mile coastline to maintain the current
beach. As beaches and dunes erode, already vulnera-
ble development will become even more susceptible
to storm damages. Storm surges will have a higher
base to build upon, so the remaining, previously imper-
vious dunes will be overtopped more easily. Because
the historical rate of erosion has not been realized
since 1960, beach profiles have steepened beyond the
equilibrium slope. The next major storm could cause
the equivalent of 30 or more years worth of long term
erosion. The report concludes that shore protection
strategies should shift from groins to beach nourish-
ment because the latter protects against erosion due
to alongshore transport and sea level rise, while the
former only protects against alongshore transport.
Keywords: 'Shores, 'Sea level, 'Beach erosion.
Dunes, Coastal topographic features, Maryland, Shore
protection, Sands, Storms, Ocean City(Maryland).
PB88-145230/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Saving Louisiana's Coastal Wetlands. The Need
for a Long-Term Plan of Action,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
D. Chambers, and J. G. Titus. Apr 87,109p* EPA-230/
02-87/026
Library of Congress catalog card no. 87-5400. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Louisiana Geological
Survey, Baton Rouge.
America's largest wetland community is losing its
marshes and swamps to the Gulf of Mexico. The wet-
lands of coastal Louisiana are being converted to open
ocean at the rate of fifty square miles a year, largely as
a result of maintaining shipping lanes, the dredging of
canals, flood control levees, and the withdrawal of oil
and gas. To date, no comprehensive plan has been
developed to solve the wetland problem. The report
provides an overview of causes to the problem, de-
scribes possible solutions, and finally outlines a study
to evaluate comprehensive solutions to the Louisiana
wetland loss.
Keywords: 'Marshes, 'Swamps, 'Coastal zone man-
agement, 'Louisiana, Mexico Gulf, Trends, Dredging,
Flood control, Levees, Offshore drilling, Ocean waves.
Soil erosion, Losses, Sediment transport, Crude oil.
Natural gas, Sea level, Land use. Shore protection!
Salt water intrusion, 'Wetlands, Barrier Islands.
PB88-145297/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.	*
Kinetics of Ingested (222)Rn In Humans Deter-
mined from Measurements with (133)Xe. Project
summary rept.,
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. Dept. of Ra-
diology.
J. A. Correia, S. B. Weise, R. J. Callahan, and H. W.
Strauss. Dec 87,900p EPA/600/1 -87/013
Grant EPA-R-810942
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The problem of naturally occurring 222-radon contami-
nation has received a great deal of public and scientific
attention over the past several years, and has become
a major public health issue worldwide. The purpose of
the work reported in the document was to provide in-
formation about the behavior of ingested 222-radon in
the digestive system and other organs of the human
body. 133-Xenon, an element which behaves in the
same manner as 222-radon in tissue and differs only in
tissue solubility, was used in studies on human sub-
jects. The tissue solubility differences were accounted
for by using the tissue/blood partition coefficients of
the two gases.
Keywords: "Radon, "Ingestion(Biology), Toxicology
Physiological effects, Digestive system, Radioactivity
Tissues(Biology), Solubility, Potable water, Xenon
Tables(Data), Imaging techniques.
PB88-145305/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Federal Activities.
Secondary Impact Assessment Manual. Final rept
Urban Systems Research and Engineering, Inc., Cam-
bridge, MA.
Jan 81,237p EPA/130/1-87/001
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC. Office of Federal Activities.
The user manual is designed specifically for the as-
sessment of the secondary impacts of any type of new
development activity. A full range of secondary im-
pacts is considered. The manual consists of a three-
level review process - Levels A, B, and C. Within the
framework projects without significant secondary im-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sessment process; the user need not resort to a full
Environmental Impact Statement in every case. In-
tended users of the manual are the EPA regional of-
fices, state environmental review agencies, contrac-
tors for these agencies, and other interested parties to
the environmental review process. Chapter 1 of the
manual provides an introduction to the three-level
framework; Chapters 2, 3, and 4 present the three
levels of analysis, each of which has its own set of pro-
cedures.
Keywords: "Environments, "Assessments, "Manuals,
Air pollution, Water pollution, Pesticides, Industries, In-
spection, Reviewing, Surveys, Handbooks, Noise pol-
lution, Environmental impacts.
PB88-145313/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Computer Architecture for Research in Meteorol-
ogy and Atmospheric Chemistry. Final rept.,
Microelectronics Center of North Carolina, Research
Triangle Park.
J. McHugh, J. Pierce, D. Rich, J. Dunham, and D.
McLin. Dec 87,138p* EPA/600/3-87/049
Prepared In cooperation with Research Triangle Inst.,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
The study examines the feasibility of constructing a pe-
ripheral hardware module that could be attached to a
mini or midsized computer to accelerate the execution
of large air pollution models, such as the EPA's Re-
gional Oxidant Model (ROM). Crucial information nec-
essary to design such an accelerator is acquired by
running the ROM computer code under instrumenta-
tion which shows how the computational load is distrib-
uted within the model and the data transfer rates be-
tween each step of the model execution. These data
reveal that a model such as the ROM is not amenable
to acceleration using a vector-type architecture be-
cause the computational burden is too inhomogen-
eous in space and time. Simulations show that an ac-
celerator based on the tile machine architecture would
be capable of executing the ROM up to 100 times
faster than the host machine working alone.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Atmospheric composition,
"Meteorological data, Research projects, Modules,
Computer systems hardware, Acceleration, Coding,
Mathematical models, Bench marks, Profiles, Design,
"Architecture(Computers), Minicomputers, Regional
oxidant model program.
PB88-146212/HSU	PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Report to Congress: Management of Wastes from
the Exploration, Development, and Production of
Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Qeothermal Energy.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Dec 87,982p-in 4v*
Set includes PB88-146220 through PB88-146253.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Waste management, Crude oil, Natural
gas, Production, Regulations, Resource recovery acts,
Geothermal exploration.
PB88-146220/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Report to Congress: Management of Wastes from
the Exploration, Development, and Production of
Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Geothermal Energy.
Volume 1. Oil and Gas.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Dec 87, 376p* EPA/530/SW-88/003A
Contract EPA-68-01-7053
See also Volume 2, PB88-146238. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office
of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB88-
146212.
Section 3001(b) (2) (A) of the 1980 Amendments to
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
temporarily exempted several types of solid waste
from regulation under the Federal hazardous waste
control program. The volume covers the oil and gas in-
dustry. The report was designed to respond specifical-
ly to each of the study factors that are listed in the vari-
ous paragraphs of Section 8002(m) of RCRA. Each
study factor is addressed in separate chapters or sec-
tions of chapters. Following the design, the volume in-
cludes: (1) a description of the oil and gas industry; (2)
definition of exempt waste, including the scope of the
exemption; (3) waste volume estimates for drilling
fluids and produced waters; (4) characterization of
waste; (5) descriptions of current and alternative waste
management practices; (6) descriptions of damage
cases from oil and gas extraction; (7) a risk assess-
ment of waste management practices; (8) costs and
economic impacts of alternative waste management
practices; (9) descriptions of current State and Federal
programs applicable to oil and gas extraction; (10)
conclusions and recommendations; and (11) bibliogra-
phies by chapter of references.
Keywords: "Waste management, Crude oil, Natural
gas, Production, Regulations.
PB88-146238/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Report to Congress: Management of Wastes from
the Exploration, Development, and Production of
Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Geothermal Energy.
Volume 2. Geothermal Energy.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Dec 87,155p* EPA/530/SW-88/003B
Contract EPA-68-01-7053
See also Volume 1, PB88-146220, and Volume 3,
PB88-146246.Portions of this document are not fully
legible. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB88-
146212.
Section 3001(b) (2) (A) of the 1980 Amendments to
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
temporarily exempted several types of solid waste
from regulation under the Federal hazardous waste
control program. These exempted waste included
'drilling fluids, produced waters, and other wastes as-
sociated with the exploration, development, or produc-
tion of crude oil or natural gas or geothermal energy.'
Section 8002(m) of the RCRA Amendments requires
EPA to study these wastes and submit a final report to
Congress. The report responds to those requirements.
It includes: (1) a description of the geothermal energy
industry, including description of geothermal re-
sources; (2) identification and characterization of geo-
thermal energy wastes; (3) descriptions of waste man-
agement practices; (4) assessment of risks associated
with geothermal operations; (5) descriptions of current
regulatory programs; (6) conclusions and recommen-
dations; and (7) a bibliography of references.
Keywords: "Waste management, "Geothermal cells,
Regulations, Resource recovery acts.
PB88-146246/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Report to Congress: Management of Wastes from
the Exploration, Development, and Production of
Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Geothermal Energy.
Volume 3. Appendices. A. Summary of State Oil
and Gas Regulations. B. Glossary of Terms for
Volume 1. C. Damage Case Summaries.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Dec 87, 362p* EPA/530/SW-88/003C
Contract EPA-68-01-7053
See also Volume 2, PB88-146238, and PB88-146253.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB88-
146212.
Section 3001(b)(2)(A) of the 1980 Amendments to the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
temporarily exempted several types of solid waste
from regulation under the Federal hazardous waste
control program. These exempted wastes included
'drilling fluids, produced waters, and other wastes as-
sociated with the exploration, development, or produc-
tion of crude oil or natural gas or geothermal energy.'
Section 8002(m) of the RCRA Amendments requires
EPA to study these wastes and submit a final report to
Congress. The report responds to those requirements.
This is volume 3 of 3 reports to Congress. The volume
contains the Appendices which include a summary of:
(1) State oil and gas regulatory programs; and (2) the
damage cases compiled for the oil and gas industry. A
glossary of oil and gas industry terms is also included
in the volume.
Keywords: "Waste management, "Crude oil, "Natural
gas, "Regulations, State government, Resource re-
covery acts.
PB88-146253/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Solid Waste.
Report to Congress: Management of Wastes from
the Exploration, Development, and Production of
Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Geothermal Energy.
Executive Summaries.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Dec 87, 89p* EPA/530/SW-88/003D
Contract EPA-68-01-7053
See also Volume 3, PB88-146246. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office
of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB88-
146212.
Section 8002(m) of the RCRA Amendments requires
EPA to study these wastes and submit a final report to
Congress. The report responds to those requirements.
The document is the executive summary of the report
to Congress. It includes summaries of both the oil and
gas volume and the geothermal volume. Both summa-
ries include conclusions and recommendation.
Keywords: "Waste management, Crude oil, Natural
gas, Geothermal wells, Resource recovery acts.
PB88-146808/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Field Studies of In situ Soil Washing,
Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc., Leonardo,
NJ.
J. H. Nash. Dec 87, 67p* EPA/600/2-87/110
Contract EPA-68-03-3203
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The EPA and US Air Force conducted a research test
program to demonstrate the removal of hydrocarbons
and chlorinated hydrocarbons from a sandy soil by in
situ soil washing using surfactants. Contaminated soil
from the fire training area of Volk Air National Guard
Base, Wl, was first taken to a laboratory for character-
ization. At the laboratory, the soil was recompacted
into glass columns creating a simulated in situ environ-
ment. Under gravity flow, 12 pore volumes of aqueous
surfactant solutions were passed through each of the
columns. Gas chromatograph (GC) analyses were
used on the washing effluent and soil to determine re-
moval efficiency (RE). The results of these tests were
highly encouraging. Treated effluent was discharged
directly to the on-base aerobic treatment lagoons.
Keywords: "Surfactants, "Soils, Washing, "Pollution,
Hazardous wastes, Field tests, Chlorohydrocarbons,
Contamination, Experimental data, Chromatographic
analysis, Gas chromatography, Greases. Oils, Bio-
chemical oxygen demand, Ground water, Sewage
treatment, Lagoons(Ponds), Removal, Soil washing.
PB88-146824/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Western Lake Survey Phase 1. Characteristics of
Lakes In the Western United States. Volume 1.
Population Descriptions and Physico-Chemlcai
Relationships,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Acid Deposition, Environmental Monitoring,
and Quality Assurance.
D. H. Landers, J. M. Eilers, D. F. Brakke, W. S.
Overton, and P. E. Kellar. Jan 87,218p" EPA/600/3-
86/054A
See also PB87-110383 and Volume 2, PB88-146832.
Prepared in cooperation with Lockheed Engineering
and Management Services Co., Inc., Las Vegas, NV.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC., and Nor-
throp Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Sponsored by Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
A survey of 752 lakes in the mountainous areas of the
western United States was conducted in fall 1985 by
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in coopera-
tion with the USDA-Forest Service. The survey was a
stratified design with equal allocation among strata al-
lowing population estimates of physical and chemical
characteristics of lakes within the study area to be de-
veloped. The five subregions surveyed included Cali-
fornia, Pacific Northwest, Northern Rockies, Central
Rockies, and Southern Rockies. Almost 37% of the
lakes in California had acid neutralizing capacity (ANC)
50 ueq/l, whereas only 4.6% of the lakes in the South-
ern Rockies had ANC 50 ueq/l. Only one acidic lake
(ANC 0), associated with hot springs, was samples in
the West. Ninety-nine percent of the lakes in the study
area had pH values 6.0. Concentrations of many
chemical constituents were low in western lakes com-
pared to values measured in the Eastern Lake Survey.
Over 26% of the western lakes had conductance
measurements 10 uS/cmi the highest percentage of
these dilute lakes was located in California. Evaluation
of ion ratios and the relationship of base cations to
ANC suggest that regional lake acidification has not
occurred in the areas of the West.
Keywords: "Acidification, "Lakes, "Water pollution,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Physical properties, Popu-
lations, Chemical analysis, Western RegionjUnited
States), Acid rain, Physicochemistry.
PB88-146832/HSU	PC A22/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Western Lake Survey Phase 1. Characteristics of
Lake* in the Western United States. Volume 2.
Data Compendium for Selected Physical and
Chemical Variables,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Acid Deposition, Environmental Monitoring,
and Quality Assurance.
J. M. Eilers, P. Kanciruk, R. A. McCord, W. S. Overton,
and L. Hook. Jan 87, 519p* EPA/600/3-86/054B
See also Volume 1, PB88-146824. Prepared in coop-
eration with Lockheed Engineering and Management
Services Co., Inc., Las Vegas, NV„ Radian Corp., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC„ and Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Sponsored by Depart-
ment of Energy, Washington, DC.
Contents: Population estimates for selected physical
and chemical variables (Applications of the design.
Data presentation); USGS maps used to define and
characterize the lake population; Maps showing lake
locations by state; Lakes Samples and individual lake
data (Probability Sample lakes, Special interest lakes).
Keywords: "Acidification, "Lakes, "Water pollution,
Precipitation(Meteoroiogy), Physical properties, Popu-
lations, Chemical analysis, Western Region(United
States), Acid rain, Physicochemistry.
PB88-146840/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
Evaluation of Existing Total Human Exposure
Models,
Nevada Univ., Las Vegas.
M. D. Pandian. Dec87,94p EPA/600/4-87/044
Grant EPA-R-B12189
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
In the report, a special class of models is examined
and several exiting formulations are compared. These
models utilize pollutant concentration distributions and
human time-activity patterns, methods of matching
concentrations and activities, the number of pollutants
which can be handled, accomodation for short-term
(acute) or long-term (chronic) exposures, treatment of
uncertainties and errors in the modeling techniques.
Models are also compared to ascertain whether the
computer program itself is well written, modular, and
user friendly with simple input of variables and clear,
understandable outputs.
Keywords: "Exposure, "Models, Hazardous materials,
Pollutants, Toxicology, Computer applications,
Dosage, Assessments, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen di-
oxide, Formaldehyde, Particles, Evaluation, Health
risk.
PB88-146857/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Assessment of Crop Loss from Air Pollutants: Me-
teorology-Atmospheric Chemistry and Long
Range Transport,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
A. P. Altshuller. Dec 87,49p EPA/600/D-87/366
Ozone is a secondary pollutant with many distinctive
characteristics in respect to its sources and modes of
formation within regions of the troposphere and in the
stratosphere. The scales of intermediate and longer
range transport influencing the atmospheric distribu-
tion of 03 will be discussed. As a result of these vari-
ous processes, atmospheric 03 concentrations can
vary substantially during each day, from day to day,
and with season of the year as well as with geographi-
cal location. In contrast to ozone, sulfur dioxide is a pri-
mary pollutant. Both the sources of S02 and its mech-
anisms of removal can be much different than for
ozone. Sulfur dioxide exposures tend to be of concern
on a local rather than on a regional scale. Because of
the wide variations in distribution in 03 and in S02 with
location, local meteorology with the movements of
weather systems, and season, duplication of ambient
air exposures in experimental regimes is always diffi-
cult.
Keywords: "Farm crops, "Air pollution, "Transport
properties, Assessments, Ozone, Sulfur dioxide, Envi-
ronmental surveys, Concentration(Composition), Me-
teorology, Atmospheric circulation, Path of pollutants,
Environmental health.
PB88-146865/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Japanese Activities in S02 and NOx Control. Rept.
for Apr 86-Mar 87,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
C. B. Sedman, and J. Ando. Dec 87,19p* EPA/600/D-
87/369
Presented at the Energy Technologies Conference,
Washington, DC., February 17-19, 1988. Prepared in
cooperation with Chuo Univ., Tokyo (Japan).
The paper reviews Japanese activities in S02 and
NOx control. From 1970 to 1985, energy use in Japan
increased by 25%, and annual coal consumption rose
from virtually nothing to 20 million tons, yet emissions
of S02 declined by 75% and NOx by 40%. While in-
creases in hydroelectric and nuclear energy sources
and use of lower sulfur fuel oil have contributed to the
emissions reduction, the most prominent technological
achievements have occurred in the successful imple-
mentation of S02 and NOx controls. Since 1968,
nearly 1600 flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems
and 250 selective catalytic reduction (SCR) units have
been constructed. Recent and current activities in-
clude simplified FGD operations, SCR experience in
coal-fired systems, and transfer of control technology
to waste-to-energy plants.
Keywords: "Sulfur dioxide, "Nitrogen, Emissions, Flue
gases, Desulfurization, Japan, Catalysis, "Air pollution
control, Stationary sources.
PB88-147780/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Reverse Osmosis Treatment to Remove Inorganic
Contaminants from Drinking Water,
Charlotte Harbor Water Association, Inc., Harbour
Heights, FL.
M. R. Huxstep, and T. J. Sorg. Dec 87,61 p EPA/600/
2-87/109
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The purpose of the research project was to determine
the removal of inorganic contaminants from drinking
water using several 'state-of-the-art' reverse osmosis
membrane elements. A small 5 KGPD reverse osmo-
sis system was utilized and five different membrane
elements were studied individually with the specific in-
organic contaminants added to several natural Florida
ground waters. Removal data were also collected on
naturally occurring substances.
Keywords: "Osmosis, "Potable water, "Contaminants,
Chemical removal(Water treatment), Water quality,
Water treatment, Water pollution, "Drinking water,
"Pollutants.
PB88-147798/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Centralized Management of Small Treatment
Plants Using Instruments and Remote Alarms.
Final rept. Sep 78-Oct 80,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
I. J. Kugelman, and M. D. Cummins. Dec 87,73p EPA/
600/2-87/108
The operation and maintenance of small treatment
plants and associated lift stations pose unique and dif-
ficult problems to the authority responsible for their
performance. Due to financial and manpower limita-
tions, they must operate unattended the majority of the
time. Undetected mechanical, electrical, or process
failures can result in gross pollution (permit violations),
equipment and property damage, and public com-
plaints. Continuous monitoring of critical equipment
and parameters make it unnecessary for operators to
visit the remote sites on a daily basis. The U.S. EPA
and the County of Cuyahoga, Ohio, cooperated on a
field evaluation of this concept. Several low cost-flefd
proven sensors were installed at the Richmond Park
Terrace Wastewater Treatment Plant. The results of
the study are presented in the paper. Included are: se-
lection criteria of the equipment, installation details,
record of service, effect on plant performance and ec-
onomics and recommendations for system modifica-
tion.
Keywords: "Waste water, "Sewage treatment, "Facili-
ties management, "Maintenance management, 'In-
dustrial plants, Remote handling, Remote sensing
Safety engineering.
PB88-147806/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Estimation of Aerial Deposition and Foliar Uptake
of Xenoblotlcs: Assessment of Current Model*.
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
S. O. Link, R. J. Fellows, D. A. Cataldo, J. G. Droppo
and P. Van Voris. Oct 87, 93p EPA/600/3-87/050 '
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
Airborne contaminants, like organic particulate and
gaseous pollutants, can be transported over long dis-
tances and interact with a broad range of vegetative
surfaces. The question posed is whether sufficient
data exist to understand and define those processes
controlling atmospheric transport, canopy intercep-
tion, foliar transport, and the subsequent fate of xeno-
biotics within the plant. The principal objective of the
assessment was to review existing mathematical and/
or computer simulation models that are used to esti-
mate the following: aerial deposition of xenobiotics to
plants; foliar/cuticular transport of organic xenobiotics;
and stomatal transport of gases and volatile organic
xenobiotics. Given that objective, the efforts were di-
rected towards those models that were designed to
address transport and fate of xenobiotics within a
single leaf rather than at the crop canopy spatial scale
The second objective was to provide sufficient detaii
on those models to determine the potential for adapt-
ing or coupling those models to the existing ITTAB
(Uptake, Translocation, Accumulation, and Biodegra-
dation) plant exposure model.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Plants(Botany), 'Atmos-
pheric motion, Deposition, Contaminants. Mathemati-
cal models, Computerized simulation, "Xenobiatics
Foliage.	'
PB88-147814/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trianale
Park, NC. Inhalation Toxicology Div.
Significances of the Variability of Airway Patha
and Their Air Flow Rates to Doalmetry Model Pn!
dictions of the Absorption of Oases,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC
J. H. Overton, A. E. Barnett, and R. C. Graham Dec 87
34p EPA/600/D-87/364, EPA/60O/D-87/364
Contract EPA-68-02-4450
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Inhalation Toxicology Div.
The ozone dosimetry model developed at EPA was da-
veloped to be used in conjunction with species luna
models that summarize the structure of a lung as a
lung of many equivalent paths. The paper reports ths
results of a preliminary study into the question of
whether or not more realistic lung structures and air
flow rates in individual airways need to be taken into
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
account in order to make more accurate predictions of
ozone uptake. The results indicate that in order to
obtain a better understanding of the distribution of ab-
sorbed ozone in the lower respiratory tract (LRT), real-
istic lung structures need to be taken into account.
Whereas, estimating LRT dose using a lung model
composed of equivalent paths was found to give the
same results obtained as when the complex lung
structure was taken into account. The information will
allow for a better use of experimental uptake data for
the evaluation of dosimetry model predictions as well
as for improved interpreting of toxicological data.
Keywords: "Ozone, 'Dosimetry, Lung, Anatomical
models, Absorption, Toxicology. Air flow, Exposure,
Respiratory system, Health risks.
PB88-147921/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Projecting Future Sea Level Rise: Methodology,
Estimates to the Year 2100, and Research Needs.
2nd Edition, Revised,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
J. S. Hoffman, D. Keyes, and J. G. Titus. 24 Oct 83,
128p EPA-230/09/007
The primary objective of the report is to estimate the
range of future sea level rise. The information should
help coastal engineers, planners, coastal zone manag-
ers, water supply and quality planners, and site plan-
ners to make better decisions in coastal areas. Scien-
tists and federal research policy makers can use the
report in choosing research to improve sea level rise
estimates.
Keywords: 'Sea level, 'Coasts, "Coastal zone man-
agement, Estimates, Decision making, Water supply,
Water pollution, Sites, Civil engineering, Water levels.
PB88-148044/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstration of Pesticide
Products Containing Phosalone as the Active In-
gredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Nov 87,145p EPA/540/RS-88/018
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Regulations, Man-
ufacturing, Chemistry, Toxicology, Residues, 'Regis-
tration, 'Phosalone, CAS 2310-17-0, Path of pollut-
ants.
PB88-148077/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Acidic Precipitation Effects on Terrestrial Vegeta-
tion. Journal article,
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY. Terrestrial and
Aquatic Ecology Div.
L. S. Evans. c1984, 26p EPA/600/J-84/409
Pub. in Annual Review of Phytopathology, v22 p397-
420 Aug 84. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., OR.
Acid precipitation is a significant air pollution problem
in North America and Europe. Here, large amounts of
sulfur and nitrogen oxides and many other substances
are emitted into the atmosphere from the combustion
of fossil fuels, the smelting of sulfide metal ores, and
other industrial processes. These oxides of sulfur and
nitrogen are transported by wind over short and long
distances and are transformed into a variety of sub-
stances that include sulfuric, nitric, and hydrochloric
acids. These substances return to the surface of the
earth in the form of acidic gases, aerosols, and precipi-
tation. The resulting wet and dry deposition of acids
and other chemical substances from the atmosphere
is having a variety of effects on vegetation, soils, and
surface waters. The purpose of this chapter is to
review and evaluate the present state of scientific
knowledge about the known and possible effects of
acidic substances from the atmosphere on plants.
Keywords: 'Vegetation, 'Air pollution, North America,
Europe, Fossil fuels, Industries, Sulfuoxides, Nitrogen
oxides, Regional planning, Windward drift, Acids,
Gases, Aerosols, Precipitation(Meteorology), Vegeta-
tion, Soils, Surface waters, Aquatic biology, Soil sci-
ence, Reprints, 'Acid precipitation.
PB88-148085/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
EPA's (Environmental Protection Agency's) Waste
Minimization Research Program,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
C. J. Dial. Dec 87,9p EPA/600/D-87/365
Waste minimization is viewed by the Environmental
Protection Agency as a desirable and viable alterna-
tive to hazardous waste disposal. The Hazardous
Waste Engineering Research Laboratory, in conjunc-
tion with the Office of Solid Waste, is developing a
Waste Minimization Program for implementation in
Fiscal Year 88. Information on these efforts is dis-
cussed.
Keywords: "Wastes, 'Optimization, Incinerators, Re-
duction, Waste disposal. Materials recovery, Earth fills,
Waste treatment, Research, Waste minimization, Haz-
ardous wastes, Waste management, Environmental
Protection Agency.
PB88-148093/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Design and Applications of the Regional Oxidant
Model (ROM),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
R. G. Lamb. Dec 87,40p EPA/600/D-87/367
The basic design of the EPA's Regional Oxidant Model
(ROM) is described and preliminary results are pre-
sented of a study of the impact of biogenic hydrocar-
bon emissions on ozone concentrations in the North-
eastern United States. It is shown that the predicted
maximum ozone levels during a six day period in July
1980 agree better with observed concentrations when
the biogenic component is included in the hydrocar-
bons emissions than when it is omitted. The largest ef-
fects of the biogenic hydrocarbons occur in the Appa-
lachians, downwind of large NOx sources in the Ohio
River, where peak 1-hour averaged concentrations
over the six-day period drop by as much as 50 ppb
when the biogenic emissions are shut off.
Keywords: "Ozone, Emission, Hydrocarbons,
Concentration(Composition), Nitrogen oxides, Models,
"Regional Oxidant Model, Northeast Region(United
States), Air quality.
PB88-148119/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Predictions of Evaporative Loss Rates of Solutes
In Stagnant and furbent Waters In Relation to
Rates of Reference Materials. Journal article,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.
C. T. Chiou, R. L. Kohnert, V. H. Freed, and R. G.
Tonkyn. C1983,7p EPA/600/J-83/365
Grant EPA-R-808046
Pub. in Environment International, v9 p13-17 1983.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
A previously published kinetic model for evaporative
rates of substances into air leads to the estimation of
the dependence of solute transfer coefficients on tur-
bulence applied to the system. The ratios of the trans-
fer coefficients of all solutes become insensitive to air
turbulence and to water mixing either when they have
comparable Henry's law constants or when their
Henry's law constants are sufficiently low, but not oth-
erwise. Confirming data are presented and methods
for simplifying the estimation of transfer coefficients
are discussed. (Copyright (c) 1983 Pergamon Press
Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Evaporation, 'Air water interactions, 'So-
lutes, Contaminants, Water chemistry, Hydrocarbons,
Benzene, Toluene, Groundwater, Water pollution, Re-
prints.
PB88-148127/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab,, OR.
Partitioning of Organic Compounds In Octanol-
Water Systems. Journal article,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Chemistry.
C. T. Chiou, D. W. Schmedding, and M. Manes. C1981,
9p EPA/600/J-82/472
Grant EPA-R-808046
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v16
n1 p4-10 Jan 82. Prepared in cooperation with Kent
State Univ., OH. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmen-
tal Research Lab., OR.
When plots of the log of the octanol-water partition co-
efficients vs log of water solubilities of a wide variety of
liquid and solid solutes are modified by converting the
solid solubilities to the estimated solubilities of the cor-
responding supercooled liquids, the differences be-
tween the correlations for different classes of com-
pounds are significantly reduced. Nevertheless, the
experimental points deviate significantly below the
ideal line that is calculated on the assumption of
Raoult's law in the octanol phase and zero effect of
dissolved octanol on water solubility; the downward
deviations increase systematically with reducing solu-
bilities (or increasing partition coefficients) with the
result that the slope of the correlation line has a signifi-
cantly lower magnitude than the ideal value of -1. The
deviations are caused by liquid solute incompatibility in
the (water-saturated) octanol phase (as measured by
the activity coefficient) and by the (lesser) effect of dis-
solved octanol on water solubility, both of which in-
crease systematically with decreasing S. (Copyright (c)
1981 by the American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, "Water, Separation,
Solubility, Solutes, Raoult's Law, Reprints, 'Octanols,
Water soluble materials, Partition.
PB88-148135/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Partition Equilibria of Nonionic Organic Com-
pounds between Soil Organic Matter and Water.
Journal article,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.
C. T. Chiou, P. E. Porter, and D. W. Schmedding.
c1983,7p EPA/600/J-83/366
Grant EPA-R-808046
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v17
p227-231 1983. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., OH.
Equilibrium isotherms for the simultaneous uptake of
binary nonionic organic compounds from water on soil
indicated no competitive effect between the two so-
lutes. The observation supports the hypothesis that
partition to the soil organic phase is the primary proc-
ess for sorption of nonionic organic compounds from
water on soil. The partition process between soil or-
ganic matter and water was analyzed by using the con-
ventional solution concept for solutes in water and the
Flory-Huggins treatment for solutes in the polymeric
humic phase. Sorption determined for 12 aromatic
compounds on a Woodbum soil shows that the extent
of solute insolubility in water (S) is the primary factor
affecting the soil organic matter --water partition coeffi-
cient (Kom) and that the effect of solute incompatibility
with soil organic matter Is significant but secondary.
This explains the commonly observed correlations of
log Kom vs log S and log Kom vs log Kow (octanol-
water). (Copyright (c) 1983 by the American Chemical
Society.)
Keywords: 'Adsorbed water, 'Soil physics, Sorption,
Organic compounds, Separation, Solutes, Solubility,
Reprints.
PB88-148143/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Effects of Drying Treatments on Porosity of Soil
Materials. Journal article,
Iowa Agricultural and Home Economics Experiment
Station, Ames.
M. L. Thompson, J, F. McBridge, and R. Horton.
C1985,7p J-11765, EPA/600/J-85/510
Pub. in Soil Science Society of America Jnl., v49
p1360-1364 1985. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste En-
gineering Research Lab.
The effects of three drying techniques on total porosity
and pore size distribution of three soH materials were
studied by Hg intrusion poroshnetry. Some samples
were dried in an oven at 40 C for 7 d; some samples
were quick frozen in liquid N and lyophilized; some
samples were dried by acetone vapor exchange and
immersion, followed by evaporation of the acetone.
Both undisturbed soils and soil samples compacted
according to ASTM D-698 were investigated. The
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
three drying techniques caused a reduction in sample
total porosity ranging from 3 to 52%. Freeze drying
usually caused the least change in total porosity, and
resulted in the greatest volume of porosity in the 0.2 to
2 micrometers equivalent pore radius (epr) range. Ace-
tone-dried samples had the greatest volume of porosi-
ty in the 0.02 to 0.2 and 0.2 to 2 micrometers epr
ranges. Pore size distributions of oven-dried soil sam-
ples varied from soil to soil. The consistency of pore
size distributions in freeze-dried materials strongly
suggests that pores were deformed by ice crystals
either during or after freezing of the soil samples. In the
epr range of 0.002 to 0.02 micrometers, acetone-dried
samples had porosities similar to oven-dried samples.
(Copyright (c) 1985 Soil Science Society of America
Journal.)
Keywords: "Soils, 'Porosity, Microstructure,
Mercury(Metal), Freeze drying. Ovens, Acetone,
Drying, Size determination, Reprints.
PB88-148150/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Opportunities for Bloreclamation of Aquifers Con-
taminated with Petroleum Hydrocarbons. Journal
article,
Rice Univ., Houston, TX.
J. T. Wilson, and C. H. Ward. c1987,10p EPA/600/J-
87/133
Grant EPA-R-812808
Pub. in Developments in Industrial Microbiology, v27
p109-116 1987. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environ-
mental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
Petroleum-derived hydrocarbons are an important
class of ground water contaminants. Spills of hydro-
carbons often produce regions in the subsurface that
retain the spilled material trapped as an oily phase.
When ground water infiltrates the oily material, the
more water-soluble hydrocarbons dissolve and seri-
ously degrade the quality of the water. An established
biotechnology for remediating these spills is to perfuse
the earth with oxygenated water, amended as neces-
sary with mineral nutrients. This allows microorga-
nisms to degrade the contaminants in situ. Because
the rate of treatment is the rate with which oxygen is
brought into the contaminated subsurface material, the
rate is severely limited by the low oxygen-carrying ca-
pacity of water. The rate might be accelerated if air is
circulated rather than water, or if organisms in the sub-
surface are encouraged to emulsify the oil so it can be
pumped out for treatment on the surface. (Copyright
1987, Society for Industrial Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Crude oil, 'Hydrocarbons, 'Reclamation,
Microorganisms, Ground water. Contaminants,
Plumes, Degradation, Transport properties, Reprints,
Microbial processes, Oil spills.
~B!8:1i81®8/HSU	pc A02/MF A01
Hobert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Parametric Model for Constitutive Properties Gov-
erning Multiphase Flow in Porous Media. Journal
article,
Virginia Polytechnic Inst, and State Univ., Blacksburg.
n	J' Lenhard. and T. Kuppusamy. C1987,
9p EPA/600/J-87/134
Grant EPA-R-812073
Pub. in Water Resources Research, v23 n4 p618-624
Apr 87. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental
Research Lab., Ada, OK.
A parametric model is developed to describe relative
permeability-saturation-fluid pressure functional rela-
tionships in two- or three-fluid phase porous media
systems subject to monotonic saturation paths. All
functions are obtained as simple closed-form expres-
sions convenient for implementation in numerical mul-
tiphase flow models. Model calibration requires only
relatively simple determinations of saturation-pressure
relations in two-phase systems. A scaling procedure is
employed to simplify the description of two-phase
saturation-capillary head relations for arbitrary fluid
pairs and experimental results for two porous media
are presented to demonstrate its applicability. Exten-
sion of two-phase relations to three-phase systems is
obtained under the assumption that fluid wettability fol-
lows the sequence water > nonaqueous phase liquid
> air. (Copyright (c) 1987 by the American Geophysi-
cal Union.)
Keywords: 'Multiphase flow, "Porous materials,
'Parametric equations, Saturation, Permeability, Con-
taminants, Two phase flow, Pressure, Analysis (Math-
ematics), Fluid mechanics, Convection, Ground water,
Reprints, Pollutants.
PB88-148176/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Finite-Element Analysis of Multiphase Immiscible
Flow through Soils. Journal article,
Virginia Polytechnic Inst, and State Univ., Blacksburg.
T. Kuppusamy, J. Sheng, J. C. Parker, and R. J.
Lenhard. c1987,9p EPA/600/J-87/135
Grant EPA-R-812073
Pub. in Water Resources Research, v23 n4 p625-631
Apr 87. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental
Research Lab., Ada, OK.
A finite-element model is developed for multiphase
flow through soil involving three immiscible fluids:
namely, air, water, and a nonaqueous phase liquid
(NAPL). A variational method is employed for the finite-
element formulation corresponding to the coupled dif-
ferential equations governing flow in a three-fluid
phase porous medium system with constant air phase
pressure. Constitutive relationships for fluid conductiv-
ities and saturations as functions of fluid pressures,
which are derived in a companion paper by J. C. Parker
et al. (this issue) and which may be calibrated from
two-phase laboratory measurements, are employed in
the finite-element program. The solution procedure
uses backward time integration with iteration by a
modified Picard method to handle the nonlinear prop-
erties. Laboratory experiments involving water dis-
placement from soil columns by p cymene (a benzene-
derivative hydrocarbon) under constant pressure were
simulated by the finite-element program to validate the
numerical model and formulation for constitutive prop-
erties. (Copyright (c) 1987 by the American Geophysi-
cal Union.)
Keywords: 'Multiphase flow, 'Soils, 'Finite difference
theory, 'Solubility, Pressure, Porous materials, Fluid
mechanics, Saturation, Ground water, Contaminants,
Convection, Liquid flow, Parametric equations, Perme-
ability, Cymene, Reprints, Pollutants.
PB88-148184/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of Toxicity Test Procedure for Screen-
ing Treatability Potential of Waste in Soil. Journal
article,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
J. E. Matthews, and L. Hastings. C19S7,19p EPA/600/
J-87/137
Pub. in Toxicity Assessment: An International Quarter-
ly, v2 n3 p265-281 Aug 87. Prepared in cooperation
with Utah Water Research Lab., Logan.
A toxicity procedure has been developed and pro-
posed for use in establishing acceptable initial loading
rates and detoxification potentials for hazardous in-
dustrial waste when combined with soil. Screening test
results are used to establish a range of loading rates
acceptable for use in subsequent treatability studies.
Toxicity reduction experimental results are used to de-
termine soil detoxification potentials over time. Experi-
ments were conducted concurrently by two laborato-
ries using aliquots from the same soil and waste sam-
ples. Comparability of results was reported to be a
function of the slmiliarity of waste sample aliquots
used. Toxicity screening results for uniform technical
grade creosote aliquots were highly comparable be-
tween the two laboratories; results for highly variable
creosote waste aliquots were much less comparable.
Toxicity reducton experimental results for the creosote
waste also indicated significant variation between lab-
oratories for Day 0 samples; however, the same pat-
terns of detoxification over time were observed by
each laboratory with toxicity results for Day 42 being
similar. (Copyright (c) 1987 John Wiley and Sons.)
Keywords: 'Soils, 'Toxicity, 'Detoxification, Degrada-
tion, Loading rate, Organic wastes, Microorganisms,
Pests, Reprints, Hazardous wastes.
PB88-148192/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Maintenance and Stability of Introduced Geno-
types In Groundwater Aquifer Material. Journal ar-
ticle,
Tennessee Univ., Knoxville.
R. K. Jain, G. S. Sayler, J. T. Wilson, L. Houston, and D.
Pacia. C1987, 9p EPA/600/J-87/136
Grant EPA-R-810485
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v53
n5 p996-1002 May 87. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr
Environmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
Three indigenous groundwater bacterial strains and
Pseudomonas putida harboring plasmids TOL
(pWWO) and RK2 were introduced into experimentally
contaminated groundwater aquifer microcosms. Main-
tenance of the introduced genotypes was measured
over time by colony hybridization with gene probes of
various specificity. On the basis of the results of colony
hybridization quantitation of the introduced organisms
and genes, all introduced genotypes were stabfy main-
tained at approximately 100,000 positive hybrid colo-
nies g-1 of aquifer microcosm material throughout an
8-week incubation period. Concomitant removal of the
environmental contaminants, viz., toluene, chloroben-
zene, and styrene, in both natural (uninoculated) and
inoculated aquifer microcosms was also demonstrat-
ed. The results indicate that introduced catabolic plas-
mids, as well as indigenous organisms, can be stably
maintained in groundwater aquifer material without
specific selective pressure for the introduced geno-
types. These results have positive implications for in
situ treatment and biodegradation in contaminated
aerobic groundwater aquifers, (Copyright (c) Applied
and Environmental Microbiology, 1987.)
Keywords: 'Groundwater, "Biodeterioration, Aquifers,
Microbiology, Pseudomonas, Contaminants. Mainte-
nance, Stability, Organic wastes, Reprints, Genotype,
Plasmids.
PBS8-148200/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Ion and Temperature Dependence of Electrical
Conductance for Natural Waters. Journal article,
Minnesota UnN.-Duluth. Dept. o1 Chemistry.
J. A. Sorensen, and G. E. Glass. C1987,6p EPA/600/
J-87/138
Grant EPA-R-809412
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v59 n13 p1594-1597 Jul
87. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-
Duluth, MN.
Four empirical equations describing the temperature
dependence of electrical conductance of aqueous so-
lutions are compared for the case of single electro-
lytes. The best method uses a modified Walden prod-
uct where the log of the ratio between the conduc-
tances at two temperatures is assumed to be propor-
tional to the log of the corresponding ratio of viscos-
ities, that is, log (X(sub t sub 1 )/X(sub t sub 2)) = K log
(eta (sub t sub 2)/eta (sub t sub 1)). A basis for predict-
ing the constant of proportionality for mixed systems
given the ion concentrations is proposed and the de-
pendence of ionic strength effects and ion association
is discussed. The value of K may also be estimated
from the hydrogen ion concentration (in micromoles
per liter) where K = 0.941 - 0.00639(H(1 +)) as found
by regression of data for 692 lakes. A case study of
time trend data for lakes is presented. (Copyright (c)
1987 by the American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Electrical resistance, 'Water quality. Tem-
perature, Ion density(Concentration), Aqueous electro-
lytes, Empirical equations, Lakes, Reprints.
PB88-148382/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Distribution System: Cost of Repair and Raptac*.
ment,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. M. Clam, R. G. Eilers, and J. A. Goodrich. Dec 87
13p EPA/600/D-87/368
The Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 mandates that
EPA be concerned with the supply of potable water to
the consumer. Although most emphasis has been
placed on water quality as it leaves the treatment plant
interest is increasing in the role of the distribution
system in causing water quality deterioration. In addi-
tion, distribution systems often account for 80% of
total utility expenditures in drinking water. The paper
reports on the research being conducted bythe
U.S.E.P.A. in the areas of cost modeling, development
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
of systems for maintaining leak and break records and
for assessing the probability of breaks and leaks oc-
curring in distribution systems.
Keywords: "Distribution systems, "Water distribution,
Water supply, Potable water, Water quality, Deteriora-
tion, Public utilities, Expenses, Cost effectiveness,
Mathematical models, Pumping stations, Assess-
ments, Water pipelines, Operating costs, Investments,
Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974.
PB88-148408/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Mathematical Model for Fabric Filtration with Inte-
8ral Particle Charging and Collection In a Com-
ined Electric and Flow Field,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
N. Plaks. Dec 87,20p EPA/600/D-87/363
The paper describes a mathematical model for fabric
filtration with integral particle charging and collection in
a combined electric and flow field. The model com-
putes the non-uniform dust cake formation as a func-
tion of the average gas-to-cloth ratio, bag diameter
and length, electrical conditions (voltage and current),
and particle size distribution. The model is useful as an
engineering tool for predicting performance for fabric
filtration baghouses using integral particle charging
and collection and can be applied to any further devel-
opment of the technology that may be undertaken.
Keywords: "Electrostatic precipitators, "Air pollution
control equipment, "Filters, 'Dust, Mathematical
models, Fabrics, Air pollution.
PB88-1485S6/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Urban Air Toxics Monitoring Program.
Engineering-Science, Inc., Cary, NC.
Sep 87,20p EPA/450/4-87/022
Contract EPA-68-02-3888
Supersedes PB88-113386. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
To assist States and local agencies, EPA has devel-
oped a program to address the status of the air toxics
problem in their localities. The document provides a
description of (1) the program, (2) support EPA will
provide to participating agencies and (3) the responsi-
bilities of State and local agencies.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Urban areas, "Toxicology,
State government, Local government, Public health,
"Air pollution monitors, "Toxic substances, Air pollu-
tion sampling, Air pollution detection.
PB88-148S80/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1988.
Volume 2. Northwestern Illinois Region. Annual
rept.,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Dlv. of Water Pollution Control.
J. Hawes, and W. Hammel. Oct 87,98p IEPA/WPC/
87-007B
See also Volume 1, PB87-222394.
The report is Vol. 2 of a series of 7 reports summariz-
ing Illinois EPA's 1986 Volunteer Lake Monitoring Pro-
gram. It provides a program overview, summarizes re-
sults for 21 lakes in Northwestern Illinois, and dis-
cusses lake/watershed management strategies. It
also contains individual analyses and recommenda-
tions for lakes monitored during 9 or more sampling
periods, and data for lakes monitored 4-8 sampling pe-
riods. Nineteen volunteers recorded total depth,
Secchi disc transparency, and field observations for 21
lakes in Northwestern Illinois between May and Octo-
ber, 1986. Included were 18 dammed-stream type im-
poundments, 1 strip mine lake, 1 river backwater, and
1 excavated lake. Average transparencies ranged
from 10.8-93.3 inches.
Keywords: "Lakes, "Water pollution, "Illinois, Monitor-
ing, Citizen participation, Transparence, Nutrients,
Depth, Watersheds, Chemical analysis. Strip mining,
Mine waters, Tables(Data), Mesotrophic, Eutrophica-
tion.
PB88-14894S/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Modification of the Finnigan-MAT Model 9610 Gas
Chromatograph to Provide Temperature Read-
Outs for Injector and Detectors. Journal article,
Municipal Environmental Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH. Wastewater Research Div.
B. M. Austern. 1985, 4p EPA/600/J-85/509
Pub. in the Mass Spec Source, v8 n1 p6 Aug 85.
A modification to the Finnigan-MAT Model 9610 gas
chromatograph is described. The modification, for less
than twenty dollars, provides read-outs of injector and
detector temperatures.
Keywords: "Gas chromatographs, "Temperatures, In-
jectors, Detectors, Finnigan MAT Model 9610.
PB88-148978/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Ecoregions of the Conterminous United States.
Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. M. Omernik. 1987,10p EPA/600/J-87/148
Pub. in Annals of the Association of American Geo-
graphers, v77 n1 p118-125 Mar 87.
A map of ecoregions of the conterminous United
States has been compiled to assist managers of
aquatic and terrestrial resources in understanding the
regional patterns of the realistically attainable quality
of these resources. The ecoregions are based on per-
ceived patterns of a combination of causal and integra-
tive factors including land use, land surface form, po-
tential natural vegetation, and soils. A synoptic ap-
proach similar to that used to define these ecoregions
is also useful for applications of the map. Initial efforts
to use the framework are at the state level of resource
management; they center on aquatic ecosystems -
mainly attainable ranges in chemical quality, biotic as-
semblages, and lake trophic state.
Keywords: "Aquatic biology, "Natural resources,
"Marine biology, "Regional planning, "Maps, Land
use, Surfaces, Topography, Vegetation, Soils, Water
pollution, Research management, Lakes, United
States, "Ecosystems.
PB88-148986/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Direct Determination of Arsenite by Differential
Pulse Polarography in the Presence of Lead(ll)
and Thallium)!). Journal article,
Alaska Univ., Fairbanks. Dept. of Chemistry.
M. A. Reed, and R. J. Stolzberg. C1987,5p EPA/600/
J-87/147
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v59 n3 p393-395 1987.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Interference from Pb(ll) and T1 (I) in the differential
pulse polarographic determination of arsenite is elimi-
nated by chromatography on a chelating ion exchange
resin. Strong ligands prevent the removal of Pb, but
addition of Cu(ll) before chromatography results in
successful analysis by dissociating the Pb complex.
Since the interfering ions are removed from solution,
greater than a 1000-fold mass excess of Pb and T1
can be tolerated.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), "Thallium, Chromatography,
Reprints, "Arsenite, "Differential pulse polarography.
PB88-148994/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Characterization of the 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa
recA' Analog and it* Protein Product 'rec-102' is
a Mutant Allele of the 'P. aeruginosa' PAO 'recA'
Gene. Journal article,
Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL. Dept. of Bio-
chemistry and Biophysics.
T. A. Kokjohn, and R. V. Miller. C1987,13p EPA/600/
J-87/143
Grant EPA-R-812494
Pub. in Jnl. of Bacteriology, v169 n4 p1499-1506 Apr
87. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Gulf
Breeze, FL.
Cloned was a 2.3 kilobase pair fragment of the Pseu-
domonas aeruginosa PAO chromosome which is ca-
pable of complementing recA mutations of Escherichia
coli. The recA-complementing activity was further lo-
calized to a 1.5 kilobase pair Pvull-Hindlll fragment.
The direction of transcription was determined. South-
ern analysis under conditions of high stringency indi-
cated that DNA sequence homology is shared by the
E. coli recA gene and the P. aeruginosa recA ana-
logue. The cloned recA analogue was shown to re-
store resistance to methyl methane-sulfonate, nitrofur-
antoin and ultraviolet irradiation to E coli recA mutants.
(Copyright (c) 1987, American Society for Microbiolo-
gy)
Keywords: "Pseudomonas aeruginosa, "Escherichia
coli, Deoxyribonucleic acids, Mutagens, Microbiology,
Tables(Data), Reprints, "Genetic intervention, "Re-
combinant proteins.
PB88-149000/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Rapid Test for Chitinase Activity That Uses 4-
Methylumbelliferyl-nu-Acetyl-beta-D-
Glucosamlnlde. Journal article,
Maryland Univ., College Park. Dept. of Microbiology.
M. O'Brien, and R. R. Colwell. C1987,5p EPA/600/J-
87/146
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v53
n7 p1718-1720 Jul 87. Sponsored by Environmental
Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
One hundred and one strains of bacteria from environ-
mental and clinical sources, most of which were Gram
negative, were tested for n-acetyl-Beta-D-glucosamini-
dase activity using a filter paper spot test with 4-methy-
lumbelliferyl-N-acetyl-Beta-D-glucosaminide (4-MNA-
BetaG) as substrate. The results were compared to
those obtained by a conventional plate method for chi-
tinase activity using colloidal chitin as substrate. There
was excellent agreement in results for both methods.
The filter paper spot test with 4-MNABeta has the ad-
vantages of being rapid, simple-to-perform and inex-
pensive. This method should be adaptable to a wider
range of microorganisms, particularly those with un-
usual growth requirements. (Copyright (c) 1987 Ameri-
can Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: "Chitinase, "Biodeterioration, "Bacteria,
Microbiology, Substrates, Polysaccharides, Ecology,
Biochemistry, Reprints.
PB88-149018/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
improved Silica Gel Cleanup Method for Organo-
hosphorus Pesticides. Journal article,
nvironmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
E. M. Lores, J. C. Moore, and P. Moody. 1987,8p EPA/
600/J-87/144, CONTRIB-571
Pub. in Chemosphere, v16 n5 p1065-1069 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Computer Sciences Corp.,
Gulf Breeze, FL.
Quantitative recovery of some organophosphorus pes-
ticide residues has not been possible with existing
silica gel-cleanup procedures. The authors have devel-
oped a modification that permits quantitative recovery
of all organophosphorus pesticides tested, except
those with a carbamate functional group. The method
uses a 3.5 g silica gel column with a 1 % acetic acid
wash to condition the column prior to the addition of
the sample. Percentage recovery and standard devi-
ation of compounds such as phorate and disulfoton
are 96 (5.6) and 98 (1.0), respectively. Recoveries
range from 92 to 101 % for the 11 compounds tested.
Keywords: "Silical gel, Phosphorus organic com-
pounds, Adsorbents, Reprints, "Pesticide residues.
PB88-149028/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Cage for Use with Small Aquatic Animals in Field
Studies. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
L. R. Goodman, and G. M. Cripe. 1987,4p EPA/600/J-
87/142
Pub. in Jnl. of the American Mosquito Control Associa-
tion,v3n1 p109-110 Mar 87.
Various cages are frequently used in assessing the ef-
fects of pesticides on non-target animals. In some
cases, small animals offer advantages over larger
ones because they may be more economical to raise
in the laboratory or to purchase; immature stages often
are more sensitive to toxicants, and small animals and
their cages may be easier to transport to remote loca-
tions.
Keywords: "Aquatic animals, Field tests. Toxicity.
Leaching, Polypropylene, Laboratory animals, Re-
prints, "Cages.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-149034/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Waterborne and Sediment-Source Toxicities of
Six Organic Chemicals to Grass Shrimp ('Palae-
monetes pugio') and Amphioxus ('Branchiostoma
caribaeum'). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
J. R. Clark, J. M. Patrick, J. C. Moore, and E. M. Lores.
1987, 9p EPA/600/J-87/141
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 16, p401-407 1987.
Grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) were exposed to
either waterborne or sediment-source concentrations
of fenvalerate, cypermethrin, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
(TCB), tributyltin oxide (TBTO), triphenyltin oxide, and
di-n-butylphthalate in static or flow-through test sys-
tems. Similarly, amphioxus (Branchiostoma cari-
baeum) were tested with fenvalerate, TCB, and TBTO.
The LC50 and no-effect and 100% mortality concen-
trations are reported from 96-hr and 10-day tests. The
toxicity of contaminated sediments could be explained
by chemical partitioning into overlying or interstitial
water. Amphioxus is not recommended as a routine
test species because of (1) difficulty in distinguishing
severely affected from dead individuals, (2) inability to
determine the status of burrowed animals without dis-
rupting sediment, (3) their relative lack of sensitivity in
acute exposures to toxic chemicals, and (4) difficulty in
routine collection of sufficient numbers of animals.
Grass shrimp, however, are useful as an epibenthic
test species for waterborne and sediment-source toxi-
cants.
Keywords: "Sediments, "Toxicity, "Shrimps, Aquatic
animals, Concentration(Composition), Insecticides,
Sorption, Ecology, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Organic
compounds, Reprints, Ecological concentrations,
Bioaccumulation, Amphiouxus.
PB88-149059/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from
Sources of Polycycllc Organic Matter (POM).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sep 87, 400p EPA/450/4-84/007P
To assist groups interested in inventorying air emis-
sions of various potentially toxic substances, EPA is
preparing a series of documents such as this to com-
pile available information on sources and emissions of
these substances. The document deals specifically
with polycyclical organic matter (POM). Its intended
audience includes Federal, State and local air pollution
personnel and others interested in locating potential
emitters of POM and in making gross estimates of air
emissions therefrom. The document presents informa-
tion on (1) the types of sources that may emit POM, (2)
process variations and release points that may be ex-
pected within these sources, and (3) available emis-
sions information indicating the potential for POM re-
lease into the air from each operation.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Sources, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Exhaust emissions, Regula-
tions, State government, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocar-
bons, "Polycyclic organic matter, Toxic substances,
Benzopyrene.
PB88-149075/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Metabolism of Aromatic Compounds by 'Caulo-
bacter crescentus'. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
D. K. Catterjee, and A. W. Bourquin. 1987,6p EPA/
600/J-87/140
Pub. in Jnl. of Bacteriology, v169 n5 p1993-1996 May
87.
Cultures of Caulobacter crescentus were found to
grow on a variety of aromatic compounds. Degradation
of benzoate, p-hydroxybenzoate and phenol was
found to occur via B-ketoadipate. Induction of the de-
gradative enzymes such a benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase,
the ring cleavage enzyme, catechol 1,2-dioxygenase,
and cis, cis-muconate lactonizing enzyme appeared
similar to the control mechanism present in Pseudo-
monas. Both benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase and catechol
1,2-dioxygenase seem to have stringent specificities
as revealed by their action towards substituted benzo-
ates and substituted catechols respectively. The po-
tential degradative abilities of Caulobacters is dis-
cussed.
Keywords: "Aromatic compounds, "Metabolism, "Cau-
lobacteraceae, Benzoates, Phenol, Degradation, En-
zymes, Bacteriology, Microbiology, Reprints, Cell dif-
ferentiation.
PB88-149117/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Alternative Nonlinear Model for Estimating
Second-Order Rate Coefficients for Blodegrada-
tlon. Journal article,
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Dept. of Botany and Micro-
biology.
J. M. Suflita, W. J. Smolensky and J. A. Robinson.
c1987, 7p EPA/600/J-87/132
Grants EPA-R-811146, EPA-R-812808
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v53
n5 p1064-1068 May 87. Prepared in cooperation with
Upjohn Co., Kalamazoo, Ml. Sponsored by Robert S.
Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
A modification of the second-order model for biodegra-
dation was derived, applied to an example data set
and shown to be superior for describing the anaerobic
biodegradation of p-cresol by an enriched bacterial
consortium. The modified model circumvents the no-
growth assumption implicit in the use of the second-
order rate equation, but still requires the assumption of
first-order kinetics over the course of substrate deple-
tion. Violation of the no-growth assumption is particu-
larly important since overestimates of the pseudo-first-
order rate coefficient lead to underestimates of the
time required for the removal of a xenobiotic chemical
from a contaminated environment. Calculations show
that the errors introduced into the pseudo-first-order
rate coefficient (and the resulting estimates of the
second-order rate coefficient) approach 100% if one
doubling occurs in activity over the course of substrate
depletion. (Copyright (c) 1987, American Society for
Microbiology.)
Keywords: "Biodeterioration, "Cresols, "Anaerobic
conditions, Sludge, Mathematical models, Substrates,
Nonlinear programming, Reprints.
PB88-149125/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Biodegradation of Cresol Isomers in Anoxic
Aquifers. Journal article,
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Dept. of Botany and Micro-
biology.
W. J. Smolenski, and J. M. Suflita. C1987,10p EPA/
600/J-87/131
Grants EPA-R-811146, EPA-R-812808
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v53
n4 p710-716 Apr 87. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr En-
vironmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
The biodegradation of 0-, m-, and p-cresol was exam-
ined in material obtained from a shallow anaerobic al-
luvial sand aquifer. The cresol isomers were preferen-
tially metabolized, with p-cresol being the most easily
degraded. m-Cresol was more persistent than the
para-isomer, and o-cresol persisted for over 90 days.
Biodegradation of cresol isomers was favored under
sulfate-reducing conditions (SRC) compared with that
under methanogenic conditions (MC). Slurries that
were acclimated to p-cresol metabolism transformed
the substrate at 18 and 330 nmol/h per g (dry weight)
for MC and SRC, respectively. Inhibition of electron
flow to sulfate reduction with 2.0 mM molybdate re-
duced p-cresol metabolism in incubations containing
sulfate. When methanolgenesis was blocked with 5
mM bromoethanesulfonic acid in incubations lacking
sulfate, p-cresol catabolism was retarded. Under SRC
3.4 mol of sulfate was consumed per mol of p-cresol
metabolized. The addition of sulfate to methanogenic
incubations stimulated p-cresol degradation. (Copy-
right (c) American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: "Biodeterioration, "Cresols, "Isomerization,
"Aquifers, Anaerobic conditions, Slurries, Substrates,
Sands, Sludge, Ground water, Reprints.
PB88-149133/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Ozone Alters the Concentrations of Nutrients in
Bean Tissue. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. T. Tingey, K. D. Rodecap, E. H. Lee, T. J. Moser,
and W. t. Hogsett. 1986,15p E PA/600/J-86/431
Pub. in Angewandte Botanik 60, p481-493 Dec 86.
Studies were conducted to determine the impact of
ozone on the nutrie'nt concentrations in tissue from
various organs of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv
Bush Bluelake 290). The plants were exposed to epi-
sodic concentrations of ozone in open-top field expo-
sure chambers from soon after emergence until pod
maturity. At harvest the leaf, stem, root and pod tissue
were separated and dried (at 70C) to a constant
weight. Nutrient concentrations in the tissue were de-
termined using an inductively coupled plasma atomic
emission spectrometer. Ozone exposure decreased
the foliar concentrations of only four of the twelve nu-
trients analyzed (Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn) and increased
the concentrations of three nutrients (K,P and Mo) in
the pods. There were no significant changes in the
macro- or micronutrient levels in the stem or root
tissue. The decreased concentrations in the foliage
appear to be the result of reduced transport into the
leaves rather than reduced uptake or leaching.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Beans, "Nutrients,
Concentration(Composition), Plant tissues, Minerals!
Physiological effects, Spectrometers, Plant physiolo-
gy, Reprints.
PB88-149141/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Direct and Residual Effects of Cadmium on the
Growth and Elemental Composition of 'Arabidop-
sis thallana'. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
T. J. Moser, D. Tingey, and K. D. Rodecap. 1986, 17d
EPA/600/J-86/433
Pub. in Angewandte Botanik 60, p391-405 Dec 86
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc
Corvallis, OR.
Experiments were conducted to determine the direct
(first generation) and residual (second generation)
phytotoxicity of a range of cadmium concentrations on
Arabidopsis thaliana. Plants were grown under green-
house conditions in double-container, vermiculite-hy-
droponic plot-culture systems. First generation plants
were continuously exposed to nutrient solutions rang-
ing from 0 to 100 micrometers CdCI2. Biomass in the
first generation plants decreased in response to nutri-
ent solution containing increasing Cd concentrations
The 100 micrometers Cd treatment significantly re-
duced rosette, raceme and mature seed biomass. lite
progeny from the first generation plants revealed no
significant residual effects as far as growth and ele-
mental composition are concerned.
Keywords: "Cadmium, "Toxicity, "Plant growth, Resi-
dues, Concentration(Composition), Greenhouses, Nu-
trients, Hydroponics, Seeds, Biomass, Exposure, Plant
tissues, Tables(Data), Reprints, Ambidopsis thaliana.
Progeny.
PB88-1491S8/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Survival of 'Daphnla magna' and 'Hyalella azteca'
In Cadmium-Spiked Water and Sediment Journal
article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A. V. Nebeker, S. T. Onjukka, M. A. Cairns, and D. F
Krawczyk. 1986,8p EPA/600/J-86/432
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry vS
P933-938 Aug 86.
Freshwater sediments and water were spiked with
cadmium (Cd) in the laboratory, and toxicity tests were
conducted with the cladoceran Daphnia magna and
the amphipod Hyalella azteca to determine if Cd in the
sediment would cause increased toxicity. The 48-h
LC50 values for Daphnia in tests without sediment
were 36,33,24, and 40 micrograms/L total Cd. Calcu-
lated free ion (Cd2+)LC50 values for the same tests
were 28,25,18 and 31 micrograms/L. LC50 values (48-
h) determined for total Cdjuncentrifuged water
sample) In the sediment-containing beakers were 252.
69, and 122 micrograms/L for Daphnia. LCS0 values
for dissolved Cd(centrifuged 10,000 rpm) in the sedi-
ment-containing beakers were 61, 27 and 100 micro.
grams/L for Daphnia. Higher total Cd LC50 values indi-
cate that Cd adsorbed to soluble organic material was
not biologically available. No significant mortality of
Daphnia or Hyalella occurred in tne flow-through tests
in which sediment contained the same levels of Cd as
in the static tests. Mortality was similar in beakers with
and without Cd-spiked sediment, indicating that Cd in
the sediment and adsorbed to organic materials was
not available to cause increased mortality.
Keywords: ^Sediment, "Cadmium,. Toxicity, Invarti.
brates, Daphnia, Aquatic animals, Ecology, Reprints
Environment effects.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-149166/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Increasing Doses of Sulfur Dioxide and
Ambient Ozone on Tomatoes: Plant Growth, Leaf
Injury, Elemental Composition, Fruit Yields, and
Quality. Journal article,
Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD.
H. E, Heggestad, J. H. Bennett, E. H. Lee, and L. W.
Douglass. 1986, 9p EPA/600/J-86/429
Pub. in Phytopathology, v76 n12 p1338-1344 1986.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Jet star, an indeterminant tomato cultivar, was ex-
posed to 0.011, 0.059, 0.118, 0.235, and 0.468 ppm
S02 in open-top field chambers supplied with
nonfiltered(NF) air and to 0.005, 0.113, and 0.466 ppm
S02 in chambers with charcoal-filtered(CF) air. Treat-
ments were given 5 hr/day, 5 days/wk, lor a total of 57
days during July, August, and September. Ripe fruit
yields were decreased 16% by 03 in NF compared
with CF air. The highest dose of S02 given in CF air re-
duced fruit yield by 18%. Ambient 03 and the S02
treatments were additive in their effects on fruit yields.
Significant reductions in fruit numbers were observed.
Fruit quality was not measurably altered. A negative
linear response for ripe fruit yield vs S02 exposure
dose was demonstrated.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Tomato plants,
'Toxicity, 'Air pollution, Plant growth, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Interactions, Yield, Qual-
ity,' Injuries, Fruits, Dosage, Weight(Mass),
Leaves(Botany), Harvesting, Reprints, 'Lycopersicon
esculentum.
PB88-149174/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Autographa Callfornica Nuclear Polyhidrosis
Virus Efficiently Enters but Does Not Replicate In
Poikilothermlc vertebrate Cells. Journal article,
Texas A and M Univ., College Station.
J Brusca, M. Summers, J. Couch, and L. Courtney.
C1986,18p EPA/600/J-86/428
Grant EPA-R-810461-01-1
Pub. in Intervirology 26, p207-222 1986. Prepared in
cooperation with Texas Agricultural Experiment Sta-
tion, College Station. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
The host range of the insect virus Autographa califor-
nica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) was exam-
ined. AcMNPV could not initiate a productive infection
in frog, turtle, trout, or moth cell lines. After exposure to
AcMNPV, neither viral DNA nor RNA synthesis could
bis detected in these cell lines when assayed by dot-
blot hybridizations. Entry of viral DNA to tne nucleus,
however, was as efficient in the nonpermissive cell
lines as it was in a permissive insect cell line. Electron
microscopy revealed numerous AcMNPV nucleocap-
sids in the cytoplasm of the nonpermissive cell lines is
therefore at a stage subsequent to viral entry to the nu-
cleus. (Copyright (c) 1986, Intervirology.)
Keywords: 'Virology, 'Infectious, diseases, Poikiloth-
ermic, Vertebrates, Cells, Cytology, Hybridization,
Replicating, Viruses, Nucleic acids, Electron microsco-
py, Reprints, "Autographa californica nuclear polyhe-
drosis, virus, Viral proteins.
PB88-1491S2/HSU	PC AQ3/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effect* of Season and Substrate on Availability of
Drift for Fish in a Small Warmwater Stream. Jour-
nal article,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Ecology,
Ethology and Evolution.
P L Angermeier, and P. C. Carlson. 1985,11p EPA/
600/J-85/511
Grant EPA-R-810745-01-0
Pub. in Transactions of the Illinois Academy of Sci-
ence, v78 n3-4 p199-206 May 85. Sponsored by Cor-
vallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Midday drift samples were collected through summer
and autumn from two reaches of Jordan Creek, a
9econd-order stream in east-central Illinois. The two-
study reaches differed primarily In gradient and sub-
strate characteristics, with silt-sand predominating in
the low-gradient reach, and gravel-cobble predominat-
ing in the high-gradient reach. Aquatic insect larvae,
especially dipterans, were the most abundant inverte-
brates in samples from the gravel-cobble reach, but
were uncommon in drift from tne silt-sand reach, which
was composed mostly of small copepods and clado-
cerans. Invertebrate abundance and size declined
markedly through the summer in both study reaches,
then increased through autumn. Insect larvae were vir-
tually absent from the silt-sand drift in October, but
were always present in drift from the gravel-cobble
reach. On the basis of invertebrate size and abun-
dance, the gravel-cobble reach provided a more de-
pendable food base for Jordan Creek fishes than did
the silt-sand reach. Stream modifications that alter
substrate composition may increase the severity of
seasonal food shortages for fish, and contribute to de-
clining diversities in stream fish assemblages of the
Midwest.
Keywords: 'Invertebrates, 'Seasonal variations,
Abundance, Composition(Property), Food supply,
Aquatic animals. Drift, Streams, Cladocera, Diptera, Il-
linois, Reprints.
PB88-149190/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Measuring Genetic Stability In Bacteria of Poten-
tial Use In Genetic Engineering. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
M. V. Walter, A. Porteous, and R. J. Seidler. 1987, 7p
EPA/600/J-87 /150
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v53
n1 p105-109 Jan87.
Four commonly used conjugation techniques, colony
cross streak (CCS), broth mating (BM), combined
spread plate (CSP), and membrane filtration (MF),
were compared with each other regarding reliability,
sensitivity, and complexity in evaluating the transfer of
conjugative plasmids. Five plasmids representing sev-
eral incompatibility groups plus a variety of laboratory
and environmental isolates were used as mating pairs.
The suitability of each method was evaluated for use in
a routine assessment of the genetic stability of geneti-
cally engineered microorganisms. By the CSP and MF
techniques, with laboratory strains such as Escherichia
coli and Pseudomonas species as recipients, trans-
conjugants were usually produced in 100% of the
mating trials. However, when environmental strains
isolated from plants and soil were used as recipients,
transconjugants were detected in 100% of some
crosses and in as little as 30% in other crosses de-
pending on the plasmid and recipient used.
Keywords: 'Genetics, 'Bacteriology, Stability, Com-
patibility, Reprints, 'Genetic engineering, 'Bacterial
conjugation, Mating.
PB88-149208/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Sulfur Retention at Intensively Studied Sites in
the U.S. and Canada. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
B. P. Rochelle, M. R. Church, and M. B. David. C1987,
13p EPA/600/J-87/149
Pub. in Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 33, p73-83 Mar
87. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services,
Inc., Corvallis, OR., and Illinois Univ., Urbana. Dept. of
Forestry.
Researchers compiled and summarized current litera-
ture on sulfur (S) input/output budgets for intensively
studied sites and soil plots in the U.S. and Canada and
found S retention to be related to both soil order and
extent of the last glaciation (Wisconsin). Zero net re-
tention is associated with Spodosols and was found
only at sites north of the limit of Wisconsinan glacia-
tion. Sites south of the limit of glaciation appear to be
retaining from 20 to 90% of incoming S. These findings
support the hypothesis that there exist regional vari-
ations in S retention in North America. Such variations
are important in determining and predicting effects of
acidic deposition on surface water chemistry. (Copy-
right (c) 1987 by D. Reidel Publishing Company.)
Keywords: 'Sulfur, Water chemistry, Deposition, Acidi-
fication, Surface waters, Soil properties, Sulfates, Ad-
sorption, Glaciation, United States, Canada, Reprints,
'Acid deposition.
PB88-149653/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Puerto Rico and the
U.S. Virgin Islands, Water Year 1983. Water-data
rept. (Final) 1 Oct 82-30 Sep 83,
Geological Survey, San Juan, PR. Water Resources
Div.
R. E. Curtis, S. Guzman-Rios, and P L. Diaz. Apr 84,
300p USGS/WDR/PR-83/1, USGS/WDR/PR-83/1
See also PB81 -212714, and PB88-149661.
Water-resources data for surface-water, quality-of-
water, and ground-water records for the 1983 water
year for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, con-
sist of records of discharge, water quality of streams,
and water levels of wells. The report contains dis-
charge records for 46 gaging stations: stage only
records for three lakes; water quality for 63 streamflow
or lagoon sites, 13 partial-record sites, 6 miscellane-
ous sites, and 10 wells: and water levels for 97 obser-
vation wells. Also included are data for 131 low-flow
and 1 crest-stage partial record-stations.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Puerto
Rico, 'US Virgin Islands, Tables(Data), Stream flow,
Flow rate, Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water table,
'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic data, Water levels,
Discharge(Water).
PB88-149661/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Puerto Rico and the
U.S. Virgin Islands, Water Year 1984. Water-data
rept. (Final) 1 Oct 83-30 Sep 84,
Geological Survey, San Juan, PR. Water Resources
Div.
R. E. Curtis, S. Guzman-Rios, and P. L. Diaz. Jun 85,
365p USGS/WRD/HD-85/242, USGS/WDR/PR-84/
1
See also PB88-149653.
Water-resources data for surface-water, quality-of-
water, and ground-water records for the 1984 water
year for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, con-
sist of records of discharge, water quality of streams,
and water levels of wells. The report contains dis-
charge records for 57 gaging stations; stage only
records for four lakes; water quality for 63 streamflow
or lagoon sites, 11 partial-record sites, and 17 wells;
and water levels for 97 observation wells.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Puerto
Rico, 'Virgin Islands, Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow
rate, Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, United
States, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic data, Water
levels, Discharge(Water).
PB88-149786/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Looking at Uaer Charges: A State Survey and
Report.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Municipal Pollution Control.
Sep 87,38p EPA/430/09-87/0008
The guidance provides financial and technical informa-
tion through a community outreach program and en-
sures that EPA - funded localities comply with Clean
Water Act requirements for user charge systems.
Keywords: 'Fees, 'Surveys, 'Water treatment, Pay-
ments, State government, Revenue, Services, 'Clean
Water Act, 'State programs, Compliance.
PB88-1S0024/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1988.
Volume 5. East-Central Illinois Region. Annual
rept.,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
J. Hawes, W. Hammel, and B. Rosen. Oct 87,109p
IEPA/WPC/87-007E
See also Volume 6, PB88-131164.
The report is Vol. V of a series of 7 reports summariz-
ing Illinois EPA's 1986 Volunteer Lake Monitoring Pro-
gram. It provides a program overview, summarizes re-
sults for 25 lakes in East-Central Illinois, and discusses
lake/watershed management strategies. It also con-
tains individual analyses and recommendations for
lakes monitored during 9 or more sampling periods,
and data for lakes monitored 4-8 sampling periods.
Thirty-eight volunteers recorded total depth, Secchi
disc transparency, and field observations for 25 reser-
voirs in East-Central Illinois between May and October,
1986. Average transparencies ranged from 10.5-97.6
Inches. Twenty percent of the lakes exhibited average
transparencies greater than 4 feet, 44% between 2
and 4 feet, and 36% less than 2 feet. One lake was
classified as mesotrophic, and the remainder, eutro-
phic, based on average Secchi disc transparency.
Keywords: 'Lakes, 'Illinois, Monitoring, Water quality,
Watersheds, Management methods, water analysis,
Volunteers, Citizen participation, 'Volunteer Lake
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Monitoring Program, Environmental Protection
Agency.
PB88-150032/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Hazardous Waste Enforcement in Illinois, Fiscal
Year 1986. Rept. for 1 Jul 85-30 Jun 86,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Enforcement Programs.
J. SVoboda, and J. Muraro. Nov 87,94p IEPA/ENF/
87-018
See also report dated Jul 86, PB86-224771.
A brief overview of enforcement policies and proce-
dures by the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency,
particularly as they involve violations concerning haz-
ardous wastes or materials, and the various enforce-
ment options available to IEPA to secure compliance.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Environmental pro-
tection, 'Illinois, Industrial wastes, Pesticides, Air pol-
lution, Water pollution, 'Enforcement, Solid waste dis-
posal, Liquid waste disposal.
PB88-150776/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pilot Scale Experiments to Improve Performance
of Electrostatic Precipitators. Rept. for June 85-
Aug86,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
L. E. Sparks, and N. Plaks. Dec 87.14p* EPA/600/D-
87/362
The paper describes pilot plant experience with tech-
niques with a potential for improving the performance
of electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) by using a novel
rapping reentrainment collector and flexible steel
cable (in place of solid large-diameter discharge elec-
trodes) for both new and retrofit applications. Rapping
reentrainment is a major source of particulate emis-
sions from high efficiency ESPs (in some cases over
50% of the particulate mass emitted from the ESP is
from rapping reentrainment). Significant improvement
in ESP technology could thus be achieved if emissions
from rapping reentrainment were reduced. A novel
rapping reentrainment collector was evaluated at small
pilot plant scale. The collector consisted of a small
precharger followed by a very short collector zone.
The precharger used was the cooled electrode pre-
charger developed by Denver Research Institute
under EPA sponsorship. The precharger puts a very
high charge on the reentrained particles. The particles
are then collected with high efficiency in the short col-
lector zone. The overall mass collection efficiency of
the reentrainment collector was about 85%.
Keywords: 'Electrostatic precipitators, *Air pollution
control equipment, Dust, Particulates, Pilot plants, Sta-
tionary sources.
PB88-150958/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Guideline on Air Quality Models (Revised). Sup-
plement A.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jul 87, 35p EPA/450/2-78/027R-SUPPL-A
See also PB86-245248.
The guideline recommends air quality modeling tech-
niques that may be applied to air pollution control strat-
egy evaluations and new source reviews, including
prevention of significant deterioration. It is intended for
use by EPA Regional Offices in judging the adequacy
of modeling analyses performed by EPA, by State and
local agencies, and by industry and its consultants. It
also identifies modeling techniques and data bases
that EPA considers acceptable. The guideline makes
specific recommendations concerning air quality
models, data bases, and general requirements for con-
centration estimates. This is Supplement A to the
guideline. It contains: (1) addition of a specific version
of the Rough Terrain Diffusion Model (RTDM) as a
screening model; (2) modification of the downwash al-
gorithm in the Industrial Source Complex (ISC) model:
(3) addition of the Offshore and Coastal Dispersion
(OCD) model to Appendix A; and, (4) addition of the
AVACTAII model to Appendix B.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, At-
mospheric models, Atmospheric diffusion, Guidelines,
Ozone, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen dioxide. Air qual-
ity, Gaussian plume models, Diffusion modeling, Clean
Air Act.
PB88-151642/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Using Reverse Osmosis to Remove Agricultural
Chemicals from Groundwater. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
J. H. Baier, B. W. Lykins, C. A. Fronk, and S. J. Kramer.
c1987, 9p EPA/600/J-87/157
Pub. in Jnl. of American Water Works Association, v79
n8 p55-60 Aug 87. Prepared in cooperation with Suf-
folk County Dept. of Health Services, Hauppauge, NY.
Suffolk County, N.Y., has examined its groundwater for
agricultural and organic contaminants since 1978.
Recent discoveries of specific chemicals in private
wells increased the concern over contamination and
spurred a study to determine a cost-effective system
for removing agricultural chemicals from groundwater.
Tests of cellulose acetate; spiral-wound, thin-film com-
posite; and hollow fiber membranes showed that re-
verse osmosis should be considered for pesticide and
organics removal. Pilot tests should be conducted on
in situ water to assure proper process design.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Water treatment plants,
Contaminants, Osmosis, Drinking water, Reprints.
PB88-151659/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Influence of Exposure Patterns of Nitrogen Diox-
ide and Modifications by Ozone on Susceptibility
to Bacterial Infectious Disease in Mice. Journal ar-
ticle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. A. Graham, D. E. Gardner, E. J. Blommer, D. E.
House, and M. G. Menache. c1987,15p EPA/600/J-
87/162
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health
21, p113-125 1987.
The nitrogen dioxide (N02) diurnal cycle found in
urban communities usually consists of a low basal con-
centration upon which are superimposed higher con-
centration peaks or spikes of short duration. Various
components of the environmental exposure mode
were examined to assess effects of urban exposure
profiles on susceptibility to infectious pulmonary dis-
ease. Mice were exposed to N02 peaks of 4.5 ppm for
1, 3.5, or 7 h, challenged with Streptococcus sp. either
immediately or 18 h postexposure, and then observed
for mortality. When the streptococcal challenges were
immediately after N02 exposure, the mortality rate
was directly related to the length of peak exposure,
whether or not a basal exposure was used, and all
peak lengths significantly increased mortality. When
the challenge was delayed for 18 h after the peak ex-
posure, spiked exposure, of 3.5 and 7 h increased
mortality to the same degree. If a 1-h peak exposure to
4.5 ppm was superimposed twice daily upon a continu-
ous basal N02 concentration of 1.5 ppm, there was a
suggestive trend toward increased mortality near the
end of the second week of exposure when challenge
occurred immediately after the morning spike.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen dioxide, 'Ozone, 'Bacterial dis-
eases, Infectious diseases, Mice, Laboratory animals,
Exposure, Reprints.
PB88-151667/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Field Comparison of Polyurethane Foam and
XAD-2 Resin for Air Sampling for Polynuclear Aro-
matic Hydrocarbons. Journal article,
Battelle Columbus Div., OH.
J. C. Chuang, S. W. Hannan, and N. K. Wilson. c1987,
9p EPA/600/J-87/161
Contract EPA-68-02-4127
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v21
n8 p798-804 1987. Sponsored by Environmental Moni-
toring Systems Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A study of the sampling efficiency of two adsorbents,
XAD-2 resin and polyurethane foam (PUF), for polynu-
clear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in air, was per-
formed under summer and winter ambient conditions.
Two aspects were investigated: the collection efficien-
cy for ambient PAH vapor and the retention efficiency
for PAH spiked onto the adsorbents before sampling.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Adsorbents, 'Polyurethane
resins, 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Aromatic
hydrocarbons, Efficiency, 'Air sampling.
PB88-151675/HSU	PC A02/MF AOI
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Investigation of Distributional Patterns in the
Diatom Flora of Netarts Bay, Oregon, by Corre-
spondence Analysis. Journal article,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Botany and
Plant Pathology.
M. C. Whiting, and C. D. Mclntire. C1985,10p EPA/
600/J-85/512
Grant EPA-R-806780
Pub. in Jnl. of Phycology 21, p655-661 1985. Spon-
sored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Distributional patterns in assemblages of epiphytic and
sediment-associated diatoms were investigated in Ne-
tarts Bay, Oregon. The method of reciprocal averaging
revealed a floristic discontinuity between the epiphytic
and sediment samples in ordination space. The basis
for the discontinuity was the presence of a large
number of sediment-associated taxa that were either
very rare or not observed in the epiphyic samples.
Within the sediment samples, the diatom flora formed
a distributional continuium which had relatively high
correlations with mean grain size, a sediment sorting
coefficient, and the organic matter content of the sedi-
ment. A comparison of the flora in Netarts Bay with
floras in other Oregon estuaries indicates that epiphy-
tic, epilithic, and sediment-associated diatom assem-
blages do not exhibit conspicuous latitudinal changes
along the coast of Oregon.
Keywords: 'Diatoms, 'Netarts Bay, 'Estuaries, Spatial
distribution, Sediments, Abundance, Correlation, Parti-
cle size. Organic materials, Coasts, Oregon, Reprints.
PB88-151683/HSU	PC A02/MF AOI
Use of a Vacuum Filtration Technique to Study
Leaching of Indigenous Viruses from Raw
Wastewater Sludge. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH. Toxicol-
ogy and Microbiology Div.
C. J. Hurst, and D. A. Brashear. 1987,6p EPA/600/J-
87/160
Pub. in Water Research, v21 n7 p809-812 Jul 87.
The relative efficiencies of a buffered beef extract so-
lution, sewage secondary effluent, and distilled water,
were compared in a study designed to simulate leach-
ing of indigenous enteric viruses from raw primary
sewage sludge. The initial sludge liquid fractions,
termed sludge liquor, and leachates from five succes-
sive washings with one of the three test fluids were re-
moved from the sludge samples by vacuum filtration
through stainless steel mesh screens. The highest cal-
culated efficiency for virus leaching was 2.8 + or -1.4
percent obtained with the beef extract solution. This In-
dicated leaching to be a very inefficient process and
may suggest that viruses present in sewage sludges
will remain highly solids-associated following land dis-
posal.
Keywords: 'Vacuum filtration, 'Viruses, 'Sludge dis-
posal, Developing countries, Leaching, Washing, Beef
Extraction, Efficiency, Stainless steels, Evaluation'
Feces, Contamination, Ground water, Survival, Waste
water, Reprints, 'Sewage sludge, Secondary treat-
ment.
PB88-153606/HSU	PC A02/MF AOI
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trtanol«
Park, NC.	w
Method for Tracing Oxygen-18 In vivo: Applica-
tion to Ozone Dosimetry In Animals,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC
M. Aissa, and G. E. Hatch. Jan 88,8p EPA/600/D-88/
001
Contract EPA-68-02-4450
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search T riangle Park, NC.
Data on ozone dosimetry in tissues would assist in vali-
dating models of extrapolation used in risk assess-
ments. The paper presents some of the first measure-
ments of ozone reaction products in mouse, rat and
rabbit respiratory tissues after exposure to oxygen-18
labeled ozone (1803). Exposure of mice, rats and rab
bits to (18)03 (1.0 ppm, 1 hr) caused enrichments as
high as 15 micromoles (18)0/mole of total oxygen in
the whole lung homogenates. Enrichments of 45-55
micromoles (18)0/mole were seen in alveolar macro
phages and the lung surfactant pellet of rabbits.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Ozone, 'Dosimetry, In vivo analysis,
'Oxygen 18.
PB88-153671/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Indoor Air Quality Modeling, Phase 2 Report. Resi-
dential Indoor Air Quality Simulation,
National Bureau of Standards (NEL), Gaithersburg,
MD. Building Environment Div.
J. W. Axley, Oct 87,158p NBSIR-87/3661
See al90 PB86-166626. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC., and Department
of Energy, Washington, DC.
The interim report presents the results of Phase II of
the NBS General Indoor Air Pollution Concentration
Model Project. It describes the theoretical basis of a
general-purpose nonreactive contaminant dispersal
analysis model for buildings, the computational imple-
mentation of a portion of this model in the program
CONTAM86, and examples of the application of the
model to practical problems of contaminant dispersal
analysis. Presently the model is being extended to
handle problems of reactive contaminant dispersal
analysis and full computational implementation of all
portions of the model is being completed. The con-
taminant dispersal analysis model is based upon the
idealization of building air flow systems as an assem-
blages of flow elements connected to discrete system
nodes corresponding to well-mixed air zones within the
building and its HVAC system. Equations governing
the air flow processes in the building (e.g., infiltration,
exfiltration, HVAC system flow, and zone-to-zone flow)
and equations governing the contaminant dispersal
due to the flow, accounting for contaminant generation
or removal, are formulated by assembling element
equations so that the fundamental requirement of con-
servation of mass is satisfied in each zone. The char-
acter and solution of the resulting equations are dis-
cussed, and steady and dynamic solution methods are
outlined.
Keywords: 'Residential buildings, 'Air pollution, Com-
puterized simulation, Circulation, Mathematical
models, Three dimensional flow, Computer programs,
•Indoor air pollution, Space HVAC systems,
CONTAM86 computer program, Fortran 77 program-
ming language, Atmospheric dispersion.
PB8S-153820/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Potential (or Transduction of Plasmids In a Natu-
ral Freshwater Environment: Effect of Plasmid
Donor Concentration and a Natural Microbial
Community on Transduction in 'Pteudomonas
aeruginosa'. Journal article,
Stritcn School of Medicine, Maywood, IL. Dept. of Bio-
chemistry and Biophysics.
D J. Saye, 0. Ogunseitan, G. S. Sayler, and R. V.
Miller. C1987,11p EPA/600/J-87/145
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v53
n5 p987-995 May 87. Prepared in cooperation with
Tennessee Univ., Knoxville. Dept. of Microbiology.
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Gulf
Breeze, FL.
The transduction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa plasmid
Rms149 by the generalized transducing phage DS1
was shown to occur during a nine day incubation of en-
vironmental test chambers in a freshwater reservoir.
Plasmid DNA was transferred from a nonlysogenic
plasmid donor to a DS1 lysogen of Pseudomonas aer-
uginosa that served both as the source of the trans-
ducing phage and as the recipient of the plasmid DNA.
Transduction of the plasmid in the presence of the nat-
ural microbial community of the reservoir was below
the limits of detection employed. The results demon-
strate that a potential exists for the transduction of
plasmid DNA in aquatic habitats. (Copyright (c) 1987,
American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Pseudomonas, 'Fresh water biology,
'Reservoirs,	Deoxyribonucleic	acids,
Concentration (Composition), Genetics, Genes, Bacte-
ria, Culture media, Environmental tests, Experimental
data. Models, Graphs(Charts), Reprints, Habitats,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Transduction, Plasmids.
pBM-153838/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Modeling the Response of Greenhouse-Grown
Radish Plants to Acidic Rain. Journal article,
Argonne National Lab., IL. Environmental Research
Div.
P. M. Irving. c1985,14p EPA/600/J-85/513
Pub. in Environmental and Experimental Botany, v25
n4 p327-338 1985. Sponsored by Corvallis Environ-
mental Research Lab., OR.
The emphasis being placed on the need for assess-
ments to determine the impacts of acidic rain has re-
sulted in the initiation of many dose-response studies.
Experimental design parameters and model evaluation
play important roles in the overall conclusions of such
studies. To illustrate the importance of some of these
factors, three dose-response studies on radish (Ra-
phanus sativas L.) plants exposed to simulated rain
were performed in a greenhouse. Significant negative
effects on marketable yield occurred from simulated
rain having pH levels below 3.8 in one experiment and
below 3.4 in another. The apparent threshold level
may have been dependent on environmental condi-
tions which affected overall growth rates. (Copyright
(c) 1985 Pergamon Press Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Air pollution, 'Green-
houses, Mathematical models, Design, Dose rate,
Nitric acid, Sulfuric acid, 'Foreign technology, Acid
rain, Raphanus satirias.
PB88-153846/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Trlphenyl Phosphite Neuropathy Differs from Or-
ganophosphorus-lnduced Delayed Neuropathy In
Rats. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
B. Veronesi, and C. Dvergsten. 1987,18p EPA/600/J-
87/151
Pub. in Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology 13,
p193-208 May/Jun 87.
The neuropathic effects of triphenyl phosphite (TTP), a
widely used industrial and agricultural organophos-
phorus compound, were examined in the present
study. Long-Evans, male rats were exposed (sc) to
either single (0.1 ml/kg; 1.0ml/kg) or multiple (2 x 1.0
ml/kg; 2 x 1.0ml/kg) doses of TPP and sampled 7-21 d
post-exposure. Functional changes, seen in multiple-
dosed rats included tail-kinking, circling, and ataxia.
Neuropathologic changes, seen in all but 1x 0.1 ml/kg
treated group, predominantly involved the spinal cord
and brainstem. Degeneration was largely confined to
the lateral and ventral columns of the spinal cord, with
moderate degeneration noted in Rexed laminae VI, VII,
IX. Medullary degeneration was seen in the medial lon-
gitudinal fasciculus, the medial vestibular nucleus, the
inferior cerebellar peduncle, and the reticular forma-
tion. Moderate peripheral nerve fiber involvement con-
sisted of wallerian-like degeneration, and dorsal root
ganglion necrosis. These data indicate that the neuro-
pathic profile of TPP differs markedly from the delayed
neuropathy (OPIDN) associated with exposure to or-
ganophosphorus compounds.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Bioassay, Rats, Laboratory
animals, Phosphorous organic compounds, Reprints,
Neuropathology, 'Phosphite/triphenyl.
PB88-1S3853/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Efficiency of Kiiglng Estimation for Square, Trlan-
ular, and Hexagonal Grids. Journal article,
nvironmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
E. A. Yfantis, G. T. Flatman, and J. V. Behar. c1987,
26p EPA/600/J-87/154
Pub. in Mathematical Geology, v19 n3 p183-205 Apr
87. Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas.
Although several researchers have pointed out some
advantages and disadvantages of various soil sam-
pling designs in the presence of spatial autocorrela-
tion, a more detailed study is presented herein which
examines the geometrical relationship of three sam-
pling designs, namely the square, the equilateral trian-
gle, and the regular hexagon. Both advantages and
disadvantages exist in the use of these designs with
respect to estimation of the semivariogram and their
effect on the mean square error or variance of error.
This research could bis used to design optimal sam-
pling strategies; it is based on the theory of regional-
ized variables, in which the intrinsic hypothesis is satis-
fied. Among alternative designs, an equilateral triangle
design gives the most reliable estimate of the semivar-
iogram. This study computes and compares the maxi-
mum mean square error for each of these designs.
Keywords: 'Sampling theory, Variance(Statistics), Es-
timating, Efficiency, Reprints, 'Kriging.
PB88-153861/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Photosynthesis, Carbon Allocation, and Growth
of Sulfur Dioxide Ecotypes of 'Geranium carolln-
ianum' L. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
G. E. Taylor, D. T. Tingey, and C. A. Gunderson.
01986,10p EPA/600/J-86/434
Pub. in Oecologia 68, p350-357 1986. Prepared in co-
operation with Oak Ridge National Lab., TN. Environ-
mental Sciences Div.
The study investigated ways in which genetically deter-
mined differences in S02 susceptibility resulting from
ecotypic differentiation in Geranium carolinianum were
expressed physiologically. The S02-resistant and
S02-sensitive ecotypes were exposed to a combina-
tion of short- and long-term S02 exposures to evalu-
ate the responses of photosynthesis, H2S efflux from
foliage (sulfur detoxification), photoassimilate reten-
tion, leaf-diffusive resistance to C02, and growth. Al-
though physiological accommodation of S02 stress
was observed in both ecotypes, it was more pro-
nounced in the resistant ecotype. The physiological
mechanisms underlying genetic differences in G. caro-
linianum in response to S02 stress were concluded to
be (1) dissimilar threshold levels of response to S02
and/or its toxic derivatives and (2) differences in ho-
meostatic processes governing the rate of repair or
compensation for physiological injury.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Sulfur dioxide, Photosynthe-
sis, Reprints, 'Air pollution effects(Plants), Geranium
carolinianum, Carbon allocation.
PB88-1S3879/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Method of Estimating the Travel Time of Noninter-
actlng Solutes through Compacted Soil Material.
Journal article,
Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Agronomy.
R. Horton, M. L. Thompson, and J. F. McBride. c1987,
9p EPA/600/J-87/152
Grant EPA-R-811093
Pub. in Soil Science Society of America Jnl., v51 n1
p48-53 Jan/Feb 87. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste En-
gineering Research Lab.
The pollutant travel time through compacted soil mate-
rial (i.e., when a pollutant introduced at the top first ap-
pears at the bottom) cannot be accurately predicted
from the permeability (saturated hydraulic conductivi-
ty) alone. The travel time is also dependent on the ef-
fective porosity of the material; i.e., the portion of the
total porosity that contributes significantly to fluid flow.
Pollutant travel time is directly proportional to effective
porosity and thickness of a compacted layer and in-
versely proportional to permeability and hydraulic gra-
dient. The total porosity is calculated from measure-
ments of bulk and particle density. Pore size distribu-
tion information is obtained from the cumulative poros-
ity curve of the sample as measured by mercury-intru-
sion porosimeter. The paper also compares measured
and predicted solute breakthrough times for three
compacted soil materials.
Keywords: 'Clay soils, 'Soil compacting, 'Solutes,
'Water pollution, Mathematical models, Travel time,
Hydraulic conductivity, Estimates, Porosity, Permeabil-
ity, Density(Mass/volume), Earth fills, Fluid flow,
Measurement, Comparison, Porosimeters, Reprints.
PB88-153887/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Removing Arsenic from Drinking Water. Journal
article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
S. W. Hathaway, and F. Rubel. c1987,8p EPA/600/J-
87/156
Pub. in Jnl. of American Water Works Association, v79
n8 p61-65 Aug 87. Prepared in cooperation with Rubel
and Hager, Inc., Tucson, AZ.
Pilot-plant tests of two treatment methods-activated
alumina and ion exchange--for removing arsenic from
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
drinking water were evaluated at the Fallon, Nev.,
Naval Air Station (NAS). The arsenic concentration
was 0.080-0.116 mg/L, exceeding the 0.05-mg/L max-
imum contaminant level. Although the valence of ar-
senic was not determined, the prechlorination process
and test results suggest it was probably arsenic V.
Chlorinated drinking water from the NAS was used for
evaluating the efficacy of treatment under several dif-
ferent conditions. The activated alumina and ion ex-
change systems were operated through three different
loading and regeneration cycles each. The major
water quality factors affecting the removal of arsenic
by these methods were: pH of feedwater, arsenic con-
centration, sulfate concentration, and alkalinity.
Keywords: "Arsenic, 'Water treatment,
Concentration(Composition), Ions, Pilot plants, Chlor-
ination, pH, Flow rate, Operating costs, Aluminum
oxides, Toxicity, Earth fills, Reprints, Drinking water.
PB88-153895/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Applying Membrane Processes to Groundwater
Sources for Trihalomethane Precursor Control.
Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
J. S. Taylor, D. M. Thompson, and J. K. Carswell.
C1987, 14p EPA/600/J-87/155
Pub. in Jnl. of American Water Works Association, v79
n8 p72-82 Aug 87. Prepared in cooperation with Uni-
versity of Central Florida, Orlando, and Pirnie
(Malcom), Inc., Orlando, FL.
The use of membrane processes for controlling triha-
lomethanes (THMs) was investigated for Florida
groundwater sources and one surface water source.
All of the sources were used for public supply and had
excessive THMs (>300 micrograms/L) in the finished
water. The performance and projected cost of the
membrane system using groundwater sources are re-
ported in the article.
Keywords: "Groundwater, "Membranes, Reprints,
Water pollution control, "Methane/trihalo, Precur-
sors.
PB88-153903/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
fcnvironmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Strong-Acid Ion Exchange for Removing Barium,
Radium, and Hardness. Journal article,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Civil Engi-
neering.	or-	a
!:„§noey'nk' C. Cairns-Chambers, and J. L. Pfeffer.
C1987,9p EPA/600/J-87/158
Grant EPA-R-808912
Pub. in Jnl. of American Water Works Association, v79
[y J3'66-72 Aug 87. Prepared in cooperation with
Porter and Seeley, Ann Arbor, Ml., and
CH2M/Hill, Reston, VA. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering
Research Lab.
The research discussed in the article was conducted
to investigate and document the performance of con-
ventional sodium-form strong-acid resins for the com-
bined removal of barium, radium, and hardness under
controlled conditions. The reasons for the study were:
(1) the premature leakage of barium from strong-acid
ion exchange columns; (2) a lack of controlled labora-
tory studies to determine the factors affecting resin
performance; and, (3) a lack of documentation regard-
ing the effect of the quantity of regenerant applied on
effluent quality and on effluent quality as a function of
the amount of water processed during a run.
Keywords: "Acid treatment, "Ion exchanging, "Water
treatment, "Barium, Resins, Calcium, Magnesium,
Ions, Polystyrene, Sulfonates, Barium, Radium, Calci-
um Carbonates, Removal, Efficiency, Graphs(Charts),
Reprints.
PB88-154257/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Direct/Delayed Response Project: Field Oper-
ations and Ouality Assurance Report for Soli
Sampling and Preparation in the Southern Blue
Ridge Province of the United States. Volume 1.
Sampling,	. _
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
D. S. Coffey, J. J. Lee, J. K. Bartz, R. D. Van Remortel,
and G. R. Holden. Jan 88, 216p EPA/600/4-87/041 A
Contracts EPA-68-03-3246, EPA-68-03-3249
See also Volume 2, PB88-154265. Prepared in coop-
eration with Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.,
and Tetra Tech, Inc., Bellevue, WA. Sponsored by En-
vironmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The Direct/Delayed Response Project Soil Survey in-
cludes the mapping, characterization, sampling, prepa-
ration, and analysis of soils in order to assess water-
shed response to acidic deposition within various re-
gions of the United States. Soil samples collected by
sampling crews in the Southern Blue Ridge Province
were processed at two preparation laboratories before
being sent for analysis at four analytical laboratories.
Volumes I and II summarize the procedural and oper-
ational compliance with protocols used by the sam-
pling crews and by the preparation laboratories. Rec-
ommendations are made for program improvement.
Keywords: "Mapping, "Soil surveys, "Acidification,
"Water pollution, "Air pollution, Manuals, Soil analysis,
Sampling, Laboratories, Preparation, Watersheds, Soil
classification, Field tests, Sites, Education, Equipment,
Storage, Quality control, Tables(Data), "Acid rain, Blue
Ridge Province(United States), Clods.
PB88-15426S/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Direct/Delayed Response Project: Field Oper-
ations and Quality Assurance Report for Soil
Sampling and Preparation in the Southern Blue
Ridge Province of the United States. Volume 2.
Preparation,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
M. F. Haren, and R. D. Van Remortel. Jan 88, 78p
EPA/600/4-87/041 B
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
See also Volume 1, PB88-154257. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The Direct/Delayed Response Project Soil Survey in-
cludes the mapping, characterization, sampling, prepa-
ration, and analysis of soils in order to assess water-
shed response to acidic deposition within various re-
gions of the United States. Soil samples collected by
sampling crews in the Southern Blue Ridge Province
were processed at two preparation laboratories before
being sent for analysis at four analytical laboratories.
Volumes I and II summarize the procedural and oper-
ational compliance with protocols used by the sam-
pling crews and by the preparation laboratories, re-
spectively.
Keywords: "Mapping, "Soil surveys, "Acidification,
"Water pollution, "Air pollution, Manuals, Sampling,
Preparation, Moisture, Sieve analysis, Density(Mass/
volume), Rocks, Carbon, Quality control, Qualitative
analysis, "Acid rain, Blue Ridge Province(United
States).
PB88-154273/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Occurrence of Pathogens in Distribution and Mar-
keting Municipal Sludges,
Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts, Whittier, CA.
W. A. Yanko. Jan 88, 247p* EPA/600/1-87/014
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
A study of the occurrence of indicator and pathogenic
microorganisms in distributed and marketed municipal
sewage sludges was conducted. Samples were ana-
lyzed for a variety of bacteria, viruses, parasites, and
fungi. In the first part of the study, seven municipal
sewage sludge compost products were sampled
weekly for one year. Five of the products originated
from a windrow composting facility and two products
originated from an aerated static pile composting facili-
ty. The indicator organisms were frequently detected
at high and variable concentrations. The only potential
pathogens detected regularly were bacterial. Helminth
ova were detected but none could be shown to be
viable. Enterlo viruses were confirmed in only two sam-
ples, one each from the static pile and windrow loca-
tions. The potential bacterial pathogens detected were
salmonella and Yersinia. Salmonellae were detected
at both facilities. Yersinia only occurred significantly at
the static pile facility and were isolated in a pattern
consistent with a seasonal occurrence. At the windrow
facility, salmonellae were primarily isolated from
amended compost products Toxigenic E. coli were
randomly isolated. Total and fecal coliforms and fecal
streptococci were shown to be good predictors of the
presence of salmonellae.
Keywords: "Sludge, Microorganisms, Waste water,
Distribution, Marketing, "Pathogens, "Municipal
sludges.
PB88-154281/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Gold/Silver Heap Leaching and Management
Practices That Minimize the Potential for Cyanide
Releases,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
R. Hoye. Jan 88,114p EPA/600/2-88/002
Contract EPA-68-02-3995
See also PB88-155114. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste
Engineering Research Lab.
The report presents a description of the magnitude
and distribution of gold/silver heap leaching, the
design and operation of leaching facilities, the poten-
tial for environmental impact, and management prac-
tices that may be used to minimize potential environ-
mental releases. Currently, there are about 78 active
heap leach operations in the United States. The major-
ity of these sites are located in Nevada. Heap leaching
is percolation leaching of low-grade gold and silver
ores that have been stacked in engineered heaps on
specially constructed pads. An alkaline cyanide solu-
tion is the only lixiviant used. No damage cases were
identified that indicated impact from properly con-
structed or operated facilities.
Keywords: "Gold, "Silver, "Leaching, 'Water pollution
Cyaniding(Beneftciation), Percolation, Design, Man-
agement, Clays, Ponds, Linings, Ground water, Water
pollution, Cost analysis, Capping, Toxicity, Mainte-
nance, Layout, Security, Damage assessment, Heap
leaching.
PB88-154299/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Acidic Episodes and Surface Water Chemistry: A
Comparison of Northeast and Southeast Study
Sites. Project rept.,
Ouachita Baptist Univ., Arkadelphia, AR.
D.	E. Ford, J. T. Malcom, P. S. Murdoch, H. Olem, and
E.	C. Witt. May 87,166p EPA/600/3-87/018
Grant EPA-R-811863
Prepared in cooperation with FTN Associates, little
Rock, AR., Geological Survey, Reston, VA., and Ten,
nessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga. Sponsored,by
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Much of the emphasis in the National Acid Precipita-
tion Assessment Program (NAPAP) has been on his-
torical or longterm trends in surface water acidification.
Short-term acidic episodes, however, also might have
significant adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems.
The U.S. EPA is presently designing an Episodic Re-
sponse Project to investigate the regional extent, fre-
?uency, duration and magnitude of acidic episodes
he studies discussed in the report, however, were
conducted under NAPAP Task Group E2-Aquat)c Ef-
fects. A total of four episodic studies were conducted
in the Catskill Mountains of New York (Murdoch
USGS), Laurel Hills, PA (Witt and Barker, USGSl'
Southern Blue Ridge Province, NC, TN (Olem, TVAV
and Ouachita Mountains, AR (Nix et al., Ouachita b£v!
tist University).
Keywords: "Acidification, 'Surface waters, 'Aquatic
biology, Runoff, Water chemistry, Bens Creek, Wate^
sheds, Hydrology, Meteorological data, Seasonal varU
ations, Geology, Soils, Water pollution effects, 'Add
precipitation.	™
PB88-154307/HSU	PC A06/MF AOI
Report to Congress: Municipal Wastewater
Lagoon Study. Volume 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC
Office of Municipal Pollution Control.	' "
Nov 87,102p
See also Volume 2, PB88-154315.
The report presents the results of the Murfoinirt
Wastewater Lagoon Study performed by the USEp^jJJ
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
response to Section 3018 of RCRA and Sec. 246 of
the Hazaroud and Solid Waste amendments of 1984.
The objectives are to determine: number and size of
municipal lagoons; types and quantities of waste con-
tained in such lagoons; the extent to which such waste
has been or may be released from such lagoons and
contaminates ground water; and available alternatives
for preventing or controlling such releases.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Lagoons(Ponds),
'Municipalities, Water pollution control, Ground water,
Volume, Size determination, Hazardous materials, Pre-
vention, Alternative practices.
PB88-154315/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Report to Congress: Municipal Wastewater
Lagoon Study. Volume 2.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Municipal Pollution Control.
Nov 87,412p
See also Volume 1, PB88-154307.Portions of this doc-
ument are not fully legible.
The report presents the appendices of the Municipal
Lagoon Study. It includes lagoon design, ground water
protection; flow rates; sampling; linings; and models.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, 'Lagoons(Ponds),
•Municipalities, Design criteria, States(United States),
Requirements, Toxicity, Sampling, Industrial wastes,
Flow rates, Ground water, Seepage, Depth, Linings,
Thickness, Tables(Data), Design flow.
PB88-154356/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Distribution of Contaminants In Waters of Monroe
Harbor (River Raisin), Michigan and Adjacent Lake
Erie,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
V. E. Smith, J. E. Rathbun, S. G. Rood, K. R.
Rygwelski, and W. L. Richardson. Jan 88,173p EPA/
600/3-88/002
Prepared in cooperation with Cranbrook Inst, of Sci-
ence, Bloomfield Hills, Ml., and Computer Sciences
Corp., Grosse lie, Ml.
The report describes the results of surveys of selected
organochlorines and metals in Monroe Harbor and ad-
jacent Lake Erie. Seasonal surveys at 3 sites of con-
taminant distribution in the water column were de-
signed to support exposure effects studies and mass
balance modeling. Chemicals studied were PCBs and
heavy metals. Both total and particulate PCBs and
total and filtrate (dissolved) metals were measured.
Contaminant concentrations were highest at station
29, the power plant discharge near Lake Erie. Con-
taminant concentrations were more variable during
high flow conditions in the spring of the year. PCBs
tended to concentrate near the surface waters while
metal levels were elevated near the bottom.
Keywords: •Chlorine organic compounds, 'Metals,
•Water pollution, "Monroe Harbor, "Lake Erie, Sur-
veys, Exposure, Biphenyl, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Particles, Concentration(Composition),
Copper, Zinc, Chromium, Seasonal variations, Spring
season, Surface waters, Maps, "Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls, High flow.
PB88-154364/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
EmIMlons of Metals and Organlcs from Municipal
Sewage Sludge Incinerators under Study Stat*
and Transient Conditions - Preliminary Results.
Rept. for 1 Oct 86-30 Sep 87,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC. Progress
Center.
M A Palazzolo, K. W. Barnett, R. M. Dykes, and H. E.
Bostian. Jan 88,34p EPA/600/D-88/003
Contract EPA-68-01 -6999
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The paper presents preliminary results from the EPA
test program having the three following major objec-
tives: (1) collecting data that allow a comparison of
metals and organic compound emissions during
steady-state and transient incinerator operation; (2)
evaluating scrubber removal efficiencies for specific
compounds; and, (3) establishing cause and effect re-
lationships between incinerator operating conditions
and emissions. The technical approach first involved
selection of appropriate test sites. The paper concen-
trates on the first two sites where preliminary results
were available. Both of the first two sites tested have
multiple hearth incinerators burning a mixture of pri-
mary and secondary sludge. At both sites, tests were
performed during steady-state operation and during
transient operation.
Keywords: "Metals, 'Organic compounds, 'Inciner-
ators, 'Sludge disposal, 'Municipalities, Steady state,
Removal, Operations, Roasters, Fluidized bed proces-
sors, Removal, Tests, Sites, Reprints.
PB88-154380/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Flue Gas Cleaning of Municipal Waste Combus-
tion Gases: Performance and Emissions,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
T. G. Brna, and C. B. Sedman. Jan 88,21 p* EPA/600/
D-88/002
The paper discusses available control technologies in
the U.S., Japan, and Western Europe and their expect-
ed effectiveness in controlling the various pollutants
emitted during the combustion of municipal waste. In-
creasing concern over the potential hazards of landfills
for disposing of water and the diminishing sites avail-
able for new landfills have led to incineration for de-
stroying hazardous waste and reducing the volume of
other wastes. While wastes-to-energy conversion can
be a benefit, incineration produces air pollutant emis-
sions which can be minimized by in-furnace and post-
combustion control technologies. As potential regula-
tion of both hazardous air pollutants and acid rain pre-
cursors in the future may force closing of operating in-
cinerators or their costly retrofitting with new or im-
proved controls, planning for new or improved inciner-
ators should consider the environmental controls
available to minimize costs and facilitate the required
actions if stricter regulations are imposed.
Keywords: "Flue gases, "Municipal wastes, "Combus-
tion, "Waste disposal, Solid waste disposal, Emis-
sions, Incinerators, "Air pollution control, Stationary
sources.
PB88-154398/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Acute Toxicity of Two Generic Drilling Fluids and
Six Additives, Alone and Combined, to Myslds
('Mysidopsis bahla'),
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
P. R. Parrish, J. M. Macauley, and R. M. Montgomery.
Jan 88,20p* EPA/600/D-88/004
Prepared in cooperation with Technical Resources,
Inc., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Toxicity tests were conducted with two laboratory-pre-
pared generic drilling fluids (muds) and six commonly
used drilling fluid additives to determine their toxicity,
alone and combined, to myslds (Mysidopsis bahia). In
25 tests, the acute toxicity of combinations of one, two,
or three of the drilling fluid additives mixed with either
drilling fluid was less than the toxicity predicted from
the empirical 96-h LC50s for drilling fluid additive(s)
and/or drilling fluid alone; the observed 96-h LC50s of
the mixtures were from 1.3 to 23.6 times the values
predicted from the presumption of additive toxicity.
Keywords: "Additives, "Drilling fluids, 'Toxicity, "Crus-
tacea. "Water pollution, Mixtures, Shrimps, Mathemati-
cal models, water base muds, Tests, "Mysidopsis
bahia, Mysids, LC 50.
PB88-154422/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Fuel OH Reburnlng Application for NOx Control to
Firetube Package Boilers (Journal Version). Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. A. Mulholland, and R. E. Hall. 1987,10p EPA/600/ J-
87/159
Pub. in Jnl. of Engineering for Gas Turbines and
Power, v109 P207-214 Apr 87.
The paper discusses retrofitting two 1.0 MW (3.5 mil-
lion Btu/hr) firetube package boilers for fuel oil reburn-
ing application for NOx emission control. An overall
NOx reduction of 46% from an uncontrolled emission
of 125 ppm (dry, at 0% 02) was realized by diverting
20% of the total boiler load to a distillate-fuel-oil-fired
second stage burner; a 51 % NOx reduction from 265
ppm was achieved in a distillate/residual fuel oil mix-
ture (0.14% nitrogen content) reburning application.
Nitrogen-free fuel oil reburning was found slightly more
effective at reducing NOx than netural gas reburning,
although longer fuel-rich zone residence times were
required to allow for evaporation and mixing of the fuel
oil droplets. The key parameters investigated, that
impact the reburning process, were: primary flame
NOx, reburn zone stoichiometry, and reburn zone resi-
dence time.
Keywords: "Nitrogen oxides, 'Fuel oil, 'Firetube boil-
ers, 'Air pollution control, Combustion, Mixtures, Re-
duction, Effectiveness, Nitrogen, Evaporation, Burn-
ers, Reprints, Reburning.
PB88-154430/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Vaporization Technique to Measure Mutagenic
Activity of Volatile Organic Chemicals in the
Ames/ Salomella' Assay. Journal article,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Center for Life Sciences and Toxicology.
T. J. Hughes, D. M. Simmons, L. G. Monteith, and L. D.
Claxton. C1987,23p EPA/600/J-87/163
Contracts EPA-68-02-3170, EPA-68-02-3992
Pub. in Environmental Mutagenesis 9, p421-441 1987.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The purpose of the research was to develop and char-
acterize a sensitive test method to detect mutagenic
activity of volatile liquid organic chemicals (i.e., vola-
tiles) in the Ames/Salmonella assay. A Tedlar bag va-
porization technique was developed which increased
contact time between the volatiles and bacterial test
system, circumvented volatilization limitations in the
standard plate incorporation and preincubation meth-
ods, allowed chemical analysis during incubation and
was flexible in design. The vaporization technique was
evaluated concurrently against the plate incorporation
and preincubation techniques with eight liquid volatile
mutagens. When volatile organic chemicals with boil-
ing points below 63 C were tested for mutagenic activi-
ty, the most sensitive test conditions were the vapori-
zation technique with TA100. GC analysis of epichloro-
hydrin and butylene oxide concentrations within Tedlar
bags suggested that these two chemicals volatilized
and were contained in the media after one hour of in-
cubation at 37 C.
Keywords: "Vaporization, Toxicology, Bacteria, Re-
prints, Mutagenesis, Volatile organic compounds,
Ames Salmonella assay. Analytical methods.
PB88-155114/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Copper Dump Leaching and Management Prac-
tices That Minimize the Potential for Environmen-
tal Releases,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
R. Hearn, and R. Hoye. Jan 88,169p EPA/600/2-88/
005
Contract EPA-68-02-3995
See also PB88-154281. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste
Engineering Research Lab.
The report presents a description of the magnitude
and distribution of copper dump leaching, the design
and operation of leaching facilities, the potential for en-
vironmental impact, and management practices that
can be used to minimize environmental releases. Ten
leaching operations were visited to acquire firsthand
knowledge and site-specific information. Seepage
from leach dumps and process solution collection sys-
tems is the most significant potential mechanism for
the release on contaminants. These solutions have
low pH and high concentrations of metals and total dis-
solved solids (TDS). Ground-water impacts have been
documented. The application and efficiency of stand-
ard waste management practices at dump leach oper-
ations are site-specific and are limited by the magni-
tude of these facilities.
Keywords: 'Disposal, "Copper, "Leaching, 'Water
pollution, Design criteria, Ground water, pR, Metals,
Concentration(Composition), Solids, Sites, Acidity, Ob-
servation wells. Iron, Graphs(Charts), Maps, Toxicity,
Mining, Reprints, Case studies.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB68-155312/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Density Currents In Activated Sludge Secondary
Clarlflers,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab,
J, H. Bender. Jan 88, 73p EPA/600/2-88/006
Density currents form in activated sludge secondary
clarifiers because the mixed liquor has a density great-
er than the treated wastewater in the clarifier. This
causes the mixed liquor to plunge to the bottom of the
clarifier establishing relatively nigh velocity currents
within the clarifier that can transport settled solids out
of the clarifier in the effluent. The report reviews the lit-
erature relative to density current formation, methods
available for control and their effectiveness in minimiz-
ing the impact of density current on activated sludge
secondary clarifier effluent quality. Control procedures
reviewed include inlet structures, weir length and
placement and in-tank baffles.
Keywords: 'Clarification, 'Activated sludge process,
'Sewage treatment, Density(Mass/volume), Mixing,
Currents, Velocity, Solids, Settling, Weirs, Quality con-
trol, Reviews, Intake systems, Baffles.
PB88-155395/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effects of Pollution on Freshwater Organisms.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
E. R. Kline, V. R. Mattson, Q. H. Pickering, D. L.
Spehar, and C. E. Stephan. C1987, 36p EPA/600/J-
87/139
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
v59 n6 p539-572 Jun 87. See also PB86-117207. Pre-
pared in cooperation with American Scientific Interna-
tional, Duluth, MN.
A variety of sources were searched for data concern-
ing the effects of pollution on freshwater plants, ani-
mals, and ecosystems. Pertinent data obtained since
the last annual review were briefly summarized, tabu-
lated by pollutant, and appropriately referenced.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Fresh water fishes, 'Water pol-
lution, Amphibia, Invertebrates, Plants(Botany), Re-
prints.
PB88-155627/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Protection of Potatoes, Sweet Potatoes and
Xil1?' ,1®79"March 1987. Citations from AGRI-
COLA (Agricultural Online Access) Concerning
Diseases and Other Environmental Consider-
ations. Final rept.,
National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.
C. N. Bebee. Dec 87,167p USDA/BLA-61
See also PB85-222669. Prepared in cooperation with
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
The citations in the bibliography are selected from
works by U.S. authors on all aspects of the protection
of potatoes, sweet potatoes and yams. All citations are
derived from AGRICOLA (Agricultural Online Access),
the family of databases compiled by the National Agri-
cultural Library and its cooperators.
Keywords: "Protection, 'Potatoes, 'Sweet potatoes,
'Bibliographies, Plant diseases, Environmental im-
pacts, Horticulture, Plant physiology, Soil fertility, Ento-
mology, Insect control, Toxicology, Agricultural ma-
chinery, Water resources, Pest control, Irrigation, Food
contamination, Taxonomy, Yams, AGRICOLA.
PB88-156419/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstration of Pesticide
Products Containing Mancozeb as the Active In-
§redlent.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Apr 87,241 p" EPA/540/RS-87/222
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Standards, Regu-
lations, Manufacturing, Chemistry, Ecology, Registra-
970 Vol. 90, No. 24
tions, Residues, Path of pollutants, Mancozeb, CAS
8018-01-7.
PB88-156534/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Companies That Treat, Store, and Dispose of Haz-
ardous Waste: 1986 Annual Report,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Land Pollution Control.
H. A. Wright, and E. P. Theios. Dec 87,79p* IEPA/
LPC-87/021
See also report for 1985, PB87-165296, and PB88-
156542.
Lists of companies located in Illinois that store, treat,
or dispose of hazardous waste regulated under RCRA.
Two listings are included. The first is arranged by
county of location and includes addresses, ID numbers
(IEPA and USEPA), and the handling method. The
second is alphabetic and includes address, county, ID
numbers (IEPA and USEPA), and the amount of waste
in both gallons and tons for each handling method.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Industrial wastes, Illi-
nois, Hazardous materials, Storage, Waste treatment,
Waste disposal.
PB88-156542/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Companies That Generate Hazardous Waste and
Ship It Off-Site: 1986 Annual Report,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Land Pollution Control.
H. A. Wright, and E. P. Theios. Dec 87,310p* IEPA/
LPC-87/020
See also report for 1985, PB87-165288, and PB88-
156534.
List of Companies located in Illinois that generate haz-
ardous waste regulated under the Resource Conser-
vation Recovery Act (RCRA) and who ship it to another
company for storage, treatment, or disposal. Included
in each company's listing is their address, telephone
number, county, ID numbers (IEPA and USEPA), and
the amount of waste shipped off-site in 1986 in both
gallons and tons. Companies are arranged by county
of location.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Industrial wastes,
Hazardous materials, Illinois, Storage, Waste treat-
ment, Waste disposal.
PB88-156617/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Installation and Testing of Indoor Radon Reduc-
tion Techniques in 40 Eastern Pennsylvania
Houses. Final rept. Oct 84-Jun 87,
American ATCON, Inc., Wilmington, DE.
A. G. Scott, A. Robertson, and W. O. Findlay. Jan 88,
399p* EPA/600/8-88/002
Contract EPA-68-02-4203
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report discusses the installation and testing of
indoor radon reduction techniques in 40 houses in
eastern Pennsylvania. Early in 1965, the Pennsylvania
Department of Environmental Resources (PDER)
started a large radon survey in communities in the
Reading Prong (a granite formation) in eastern Penn-
sylvania, following the discovery of a house with ex-
tremely high radon concentrations, greater than 1.2
MBq/cu m. Candidate houses for the program, with
radon concentrations in excess of 750 Bq/cu m, were
selected from this survey. A total of 40 houses with
representative substructure types were chosen from
this group, and mitigation methods were selected and
installed from June 1985 to June 1987. Initial soil venti-
lation installations achieved large reductions in radon
concentrations at low cost, but these reductions were
not always sustained in colder weather, and several
systems were modified during the project to improve
their performance. Major reductions in radon concen-
tration were realized in all the houses worked on, with
most houses with active soil ventilation systems
achieving less than 150 Bq/cu m (4 pCi/L) on an
annual average basis in the living areas.
Keywords: 'Radon, Residential buildings, Monitors,
Ventilation, 'Air pollution control. Indoor air, Soil gas,
Stationary sources.
PB88-156732/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstration of Pesticide
Products Containing Sumithrln as the Active In-
redient
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Nov 87,173p EPA/540/RS-88/020
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Insecticides,
Standards, Regulations, Manufacturing, Chemistry,
Ecology, 'Registrations, Residues, Path of pollutants!
Sumithrin, CAS 26002-80-2, Phenothrin.
PB88-157078/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Methow Valley Air-Quality Simulation.
WYNDsoft, Inc., Mercer Island, WA.
25 Jun 87,43p EPA/910/9-87/180
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seat-
tle, WA. Region X.
The concentrations of total suspended particles (TSP)
in the air of a constricted mountain valley system have
been simulated with a 820-box, 2-layer model that ac-
counts for systematic and random winds with bounda-
ry conditions appropriate to the complex valley con-
tours. Three-day episodes were computed with the
actual winds of February 10-12, 1985, with base-case
and projected emissions. Resulting estimates of TSP-
concentration fields are presented as functions of time
and space, for highest 24-hour averages and for high-
est 6-min episodes. Comparisons are presented be-
tween observations and simulations.
Keywords: 'Air quality, 'Computerized simulation
'Particles, Emission, Models, Wind(Meteorology), Dif-
fusion, Advection, Ventilation, TSP(Total suspended
particles), Methow Valley(Washington), Okanogan
County(Washington).
PB88-157086/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Support Document for Designation of the North
Florence Ounal Aquifer as a Sole Source Aquifer
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA. Office
of Ground Water.
Sep 87,18p EPA/910/9-87/167F
The document represents a summary of available in-
formation and served as a basis for designating the
North Florence Dunal Aquifer as a sole source aquifer.
The aquifer directly supplies about 68 percent of the
drinking water consumed in the area. Additionally, the
aquifer partly supplies the only surface water source
presently used in the area. At this time, the water is of
high quality from a human health standpoint. However
rapid infiltration rates into the sand cover combined
with a shallow water table make the aquifer highly sus-
ceptible to contamination from surface activity.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Aquifers, 'Water pollution
Water supplies, Water consumption, Fluid infiltration'
Water table, Shallow water, Oregon, Drinking water'
North Florence Dunal Aquifer.	'
PB8B-157417/HSU	PC A04/MF AOI
Construction Grants Program for Municinal
Wastewater Treatment Works: Handbook of Pm.
cedures (April 1987 Update).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC
Municipal Construction Div.
Apr 87, 70p* TRANSMITTAL M-87-1
See also PB86-184819.
This is the third updating of the publication entitled
'Wastewater Treatment Works - Handbook of Proce-
dures'.
Keywords: 'Water treatment plants, 'Grants, 'Murtici.
pal engineering, Pollution control, Construction
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-157631/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Acid/Neutral Continuous Liquid/Liquid Extraction
of Priority Pollutants and Hazardous Substance
List Compounds. Final rept..
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Central Regional Lab.
J. L. Slayton, and E. R. Trovato. Jan 80,67p EPA/903/
9-08/001
Continuous liquid-liquid extraction was compared to
manual extractions per EPA Method 625, but employ-
ing an acid-neutral scheme. The results from EPA per-
formance evaluation (quality control) wastewater, Su-
perfund, and RCRA samples are compared using the
two extraction techniques. Continuous liquid-liquid ex-
tractions following an acid-neutral scheme were com-
pared to those following a base-neutral scheme. The
acid-neutral continuous extraction scheme was deter-
mined to be effective elegant and labor saving. Emul-
sion formation was reduced and the recoveries of
phenol, 4-nitrophenol, pentachlorophenol and benzoic
acid were significantly improved by using the continu-
ous extractor. The acid-neutral scheme as opposed to
the Method 625 base-neutral extraction was found to
greatly improve the recovery of dimethyl-, diethyl-, di-n-
butyl-, and n-butyl benzyl phthalate esters. The levels
of target and additional compounds extracted using a
continuous extractor from the environmental samples
tested equaled or exceeded those obtained from
manually extracted samples.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, Quality control,
Chemical compounds, 'Hazardous pollutant prioritiza-
tion system, 'water pollution sampling.
PB88-1S7714/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Behavioral Effects of Prenatal and Early Postnatal
Lead Exposure in the Primate 'Macaca fasclcu-
laris'. Journal article,
Iowa State Univ., Ames.
D. L. Hopper, W. J. Kernan, and W. E. Lloyd. C1986,
18p EPA/600/J-06/435
Contract EPA-68-03-2524
Pub. in Toxicology and Industrial Health, v2 n1 p1-16
Apr 86. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Female Macaca fascicularis monkeys were given daily
oral doses of 3.0 and 4.25 mg/kg lead, as lead nitrate,
prior to breeding, and exposure was maintained
throughout gestation and terminated at parturition. No
overt signs of lead toxicity were observed in the mater-
nal monkeys. The offspring were tested at 6 to 18
months of age on a three-choice non-spatial form dis-
crimination paradigm, and at 19 to 26 months of age
on a response inhibition task. When compared to con-
trols, the lead-exposed infants showed a deficit in form
discrimination performance which continued during
the entire period of testing. A deficit in response inhibi-
tion performance was also observed in exposed in-
fants when compared to controls. However, the deficit
was temporary, as the performance of all groups was
similar at the termination of testing.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Lead(Metal), Behavior, Mon-
keys, Dosage, Exposure, Reprints, Macaca fascicQ-
larls.
PB88-157748/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Thermospray Mass Spectrometry and Thermos-
pray Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry of
Two Deoxyguanoslne Carcinogen Adducts. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
W. A. Korfmacher, L. D. Betowski, F. A. Beland, and R.
K. MitChum. C1985,7p EPA/600/J-85/515
Pub. In Spectros. Int. Jnl., v4 p317-320 Apr 85. Pre-
pared in cooperation with National Center for Toxlco-
logical Research, Jefferson, AR.
Analysis of N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-acetylamino-
fluorene (dG-C8-AAR and N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-
aminofluorene (dG-C8-AF) by thermospray mass
spectrometry (TSP/MS) provided (MH)+ ions. TSP/
MS/MS of the (MH) + ions produced (BH2) + ions.
Keywords: 'Spectrometry, Reprints, 'Carcinogen ad-
ducts, 'Thermospray mass spectrometry.
PB88-157755/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Comparison of Yields of Several Cultivars of
Field-Grown Soybeans Exposed to Simulated
Acidic Rainfalls. Journal article,
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
L. S. Evans, K. F. Lewin, E. M. Owen, and K. A.
Santucci. c1986,11p EPA/600/J-86/430
Pub. in New Phytologist, v102 p409-417 Apr 86. See
also DE86-000634. Prepared in cooperation with Bor-
ough of Manhattan Community Coll., Bronx, NY. Spon-
sored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Rainfall acidity response functions for crop yield and
growth are necessary to predict the overall impacts on
crop yields of ambient and/or anticipated levels of
acidic rain. The experiment described herein was per-
formed at Brookhaven National Laboratory to deter-
mine the effects of simulated rainfalls of pH 5.6, 4.4,
4.1 and 3.3 on seed yields of four cultivars of field
grown soybeans. Soybeans were chosen because
previous results suggested that certain varieties of this
crop are sensitive to rainfall acidity and because they
are an economically important crop in the United
States. Sixteen plots per treatment were used. Plants
were grown using standard agronomic practices under
automatically moveable rainfall exclusion shelters
which minimized changes in the plants' microclimate.
(Copyright (c) 1986 The New Phytologist.)
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Soybeans, 'Air pollution,
'Water pollution, Yield, Rainfall, Growth, Sensitivity,
Agronomy, Shelters, Expsoure, pH, Climate, Reprints,
Acid rain.
PB88-157813/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Strategies and Air Standards Div.
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse:
How the Clearinghouse Can Help to Answer Your
Air Toxics Questions.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Jul 86,100p DCN-86-239-001-02-05, EPA/450/5-86/
009
Contract EPA-68-02-4330
See also PB87-125787. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Strat-
egies and Air Standards Div.
The purpose of the report is to complement the effort
now underway to prepare and implement multiyear de-
velopment plans by showing how the Clearinghouse
can help to answer questions commonly asked by
State and local agencies involved with air toxics as-
sessment and control. Several sources were consult-
ed to develop a series of questions and problem sce-
narios typical of those that State and local agencies
might face in developing and implementing air toxics
control programs, handling complaints, completing
new source review permits, and carrying on other simi-
lar work that may not be part of a control program.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Toxicity, Information cen-
ters, Public health, State government, Local govern-
ment, 'Air quality, National air toxics information clear-
inghouse, Federal agencies, Clearinghouses.
PB88-1S7888/HSU	CP D99
Volatile Organic Compound Model (Version 1.8)
(for Microcomputers). Software,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
M. S. Jennings, T. E. Emmel, and L. G. Jones. 1988,3
diskettes EPA/600/8-87/059B, EPA/SW/DK-88/038
The software Is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskette,
double sided, double density compatible with the IBM
PC/XT/AT microcomputer. Diskettes are in the ASCII
format. Price Includes documentation, PB88-157896.
Future emissions of volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) and costs of their control can be estimated by
applying growth factors, emission constraints, control
cost functions, and capacity retirement rates to the
base line estimates of VOC emissions and industrial
VOC source capacity in 1980. A personal computer
model has been developed by the U.S. EPA to auto-
mate the forecasting procedure. The report provides
guidelines for installing and operating the volatile or-
ganic compound model (VOCM) on an IBM-PC or IBM-
PC compatible computer. The report describes how a
VOCM user can create his own data files or use those
supplied with VOCM for preparing forecasts..Software
Description: The software was programmed using the
PC-PASQUAL Language for implementation on the
IBM-PC, XT, AT computers using the DOS 3.1 operat-
ing system and 320 K bytes memory.
Keywords: 'Models-simulation, "Flue gases, 'Organic
compounds, 'Industrial atmospheres, Air pollution, Au-
tomation, Disketes, Guidelines, Mathematical models,
Microcomputers, Forecasting, 'Air pollution control,
'Volatile organic compound model, Emission factors,
Personal computers, Costs, L=PC-PASQUAL,
H = IBM PC/XI, IBM PC/AT.
PB88-157898/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Volatile Organic Compound Emission Projection
Model (Version 1.8). User's Manual. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. S. Jennings, and T. E. Emmel. Dec 87,95p EPA/
600/8-87/059A,, EPA/SW/DK-88/038A
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
For system on diskette, see PB88-157888. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research
Lab.
The report discusses a model that can be used to esti-
mate future emissions of volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) and costs of their control by applying growth
factors, emission constraints, control cost functions,
and capacity retirement rates to the base line esti-
mates of VOC emissions and industrial VOC source
capacity in 1980. A personal computer model has
been developed to automate the forecasting proce-
dure. The report provides guidelines for installing and
operating the Volatile Organic Compound Model
(VOCM) on an IBM-PC or IBM compatible computer.
The report describes the creation of data files by a
VOCM user and the use of data files supplied with the
VOCM for preparing forecasts.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Organic compounds, 'In-
dustrial atmospheres, Documentation, Mathematical
models, Microcomputers, Automation, Flue gases, 'Air
pollution control, 'Volatile organic compound model,
Forecasting models. Stationary sources, Personal
computers, Costs.
PB88-158050/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Rapid Assays of Plant Responses to Herbicide
Treatment,
California Univ., Davis. Plant Growth Lab.
L. Rappaport. Jan 88,36p EPA/600/3-88/005
Grant EPA-R-806435
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
In a search for rapid responses to chemical stress, un-
couples of oxidative phosphorylation and photosyn-
thetic inhibitors were tested on nitrite and nitrate as-
similation. In addition, three herbicides-Atrazine, 2,4-D
and Dinoseb-were tested for their effectiveness on af-
fecting ethylene production, dark respiration or photo-
synthesis. Contrary to earlier reports, the data indicat-
ed that nitrite accumulation is not an adequate meas-
ure of herbicide action. Uncouplers increased reduc-
tion of nitrate in light and darkness, whereas photosyn-
thetic inhibitors further metabolized, irrespective of
light regimen. The critical element In driving assimila-
tion was the availability of stored carbohydrates. Be-
cause of the dynamism of the process, it is not likely
that nitrite accumulation is a useful general index of
herbicide activity. The marked inhibition of photosyn-
thesis by Atrazine and Dinoseb suggested that photo-
synthetic inhibition might be a useful response to
measure.
Keywords: 'Herbicides, 'Plant chemistry, 'Plant me-
tabolism, Bioassay, Nitrites, Accumulation, Photosyn-
thesis, Toxicity, Plant ecology.
PB88-158068/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Input-Output Mm* Loading Studies of Toxic and
Conventional Pollutants in Trenton Channel, De-
troit River. Activities C.1 and F.S In the Upper
Great Lake* Connecting Channel* Study
(UGLCCS).
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
Jan 88,236p* EPA/600/3-88/004
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Prepared in cooperation with Michigan Dept. of Natural
Resources, Lansing, and Corps of Engineers, Detroit,
Ml. Detroit District.
The report documents the methodology and results for
an input-output mass loading evaluation of organic
contaminants, heavy metals, and conventional pollut-
ants in the Trenton Channel, Detroit River. The project
was one of many coordinated activities in the Upper
Great Lakes Connecting Channels Study (UGLCCS)
that focused on the St. Marys River, St. Clair River,
Lake St. Clair, and the Detroit River. The U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, had primary responsibility
for coordination, planning, and execution of the Tren-
ton Channel project. Two 1986 surveys were conduct-
ed to describe concentration gradients in the water
and to determine whether the channel acted as a
source or a sink for the measured parameters. Inten-
sive sampling was carried out at principal point
sources discharging into the Trenton Channel and
within the channel along three transects at the head
and mouth of two segments during May 6-7 and
August 26-27,1986.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Toxicity, 'Water
pollution, 'Detroit River, Surveys, Trenton Channel,
Cadnium, Concentration(Composition), Maps, Water
flow, Biphenyl, Chlorides, Sampling, Chemical analy-
sis, Chromatographic analysis, Metals, Copper,
Mercury(Metal), Zinc, Point sources, Organic loading,
Polychlorinated biphenyls.
PB88-158084/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Removal of Chromium from Ion Exchange Regen-
erant Solution,
Houston Univ., TX. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
S. Siegel, and D. A. Clifford. Jan 88,75p EPA/600/2-
88/007
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The purpose of the present study was to establish
means of removing the chromate (Cr(VI)) from spent
regenerant solution, thus rendering it a non-toxic brine.
In the bench-scale study, the Cr(VI) was reduced to
Cr(lll) and then precipitated as Cr(OH)3(s). Sulfite, hy-
drazine, and ferrous sulfate were tried as reductants.
Sulfite and hydrazine operated best at pH less than 2
while ferrous sulfate performed well in the neutral pH
range. Ferrous sulfate reduction proved to be the
lowest cost treatment method for the regenerant brine.
For a 4 MGD treatment system utilizing 70% bypass
flow and reducing the chromium from the 0.050 mg/L
to 0.035 mg/L in the blended product water, the spent
regenerant brine treatment cost was quite low~$1.50/
million gal of product water. For a 0.1 MGD treatment
system, the corresponding cost was $460/million gal
of product water.
Keywords: "Chromates, 'Ion exchanging, 'Chemical
removal(Water treatment), Contaminants, Toxicity,
Ground water, Brines, Dewatering, Waste water,
Sludge, Water pollution.
PB88-158464/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Study of Possible Economical Ways of Removing
Radium from Drinking Water,
Iowa Univ., Iowa City.
R. L. Valentine, R. C. Splinter, T. S. Mulholland, J. M.
Baker, and T. M. Nogaj. Jan 88,105p EPA/600/2-88/
009
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The study was undertaken to determine variables that
control the incidental removal of radium that has been
observed to occur as a consequence of treatment to
remove iron by oxidation-sand filtration. The study
also evaluated the possibility of exploiting these fac-
tors to provide an inexpensive means of removing
radium using existing or modified iron removal facili-
ties. Studies were also conducted to evaluate radium
sorption to hydrous manganese oxides and to evaluate
the potential of radium sorption to filter sand as a novel
removal technology. Results showed that radium sorp-
tion to iron and manganese oxides and filter sand
appear to be controlled primarily by the presence of
calcium and manganesium, which are believed to com-
pete for sorption sites.
Keywords: 'Potable water, "Water treatment,
'Radium, Sand filtration, Sorption, Manganese oxides,
Iron oxides, Cost effectiveness.
PB88-158514/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Toronto.
Upper Great Lakes Connecting Channels Study:
Detroit River System Mass Balance (UGLCCS Ac-
tivities C.I and F.4).
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
Jan 88, 201 p EPA/600/3-88/003
Sponsored by Ontario Ministry of the Environment, To-
ronto, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra-
tion, Washington, DC., and Ontario Ministry of the En-
vironment, Rexdale.
The report describes results of a study of water quality
budgets in the Lake St. Clair - Detroit River system. In
two water quality surveys profiles of contaminants and
other chemical factors were measured every 12 hours
across transects of the upper and lower Detroit River.
Average concentrations of the same parameters were
also determined for stations near the mouths of four
main tributaries during this period. Parameters includ-
ed suspended solids, chloride, silicate, phosphorus,
hardness, organic carbon, iron, lead, cadmium, zinc,
copper, nickel, mercury, hexachlorobenzene (HCB),
octachlorostyrene (OCS) and PCB congeners. Con-
centrations of all parameters were multiplied by river
and tributary flows to compute chemical mass loadings
into and out of the Detroit River system. Mass imbal-
ances, calculated as the difference between river head
and mouth loadings, indicated significant gains for
nearly all parameters within a given water mass during
its 18 hour passage through the system. Tributary
loadings appeared to account for only a minor part of
the observed gains in Detroit River loadings. Other
point and non-point sources are being evaluated by
the Upper Great Lake Connecting Channel Study
(UGLCCS) committees as potential sources of the un-
explained loading. Findings will be used to prioritize
regulatory actions for reducing contaminant loads.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Pollution, Contaminants,
Lake St. Clair, Detroit River, Environmental tests, Lake
Erie, Toxicity, Water chemistry, Sediments, Sampling,
Waste water, Great Lakes "Environmental monitoring,
Trenton channel.
PB88-158761/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Stability of Parts-per-Mlillon Organic Cylinder
Gases and Results of Source Test Analysis
Audits: Status Report Number 9,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Center for Environmental Measurement.
G. B. Howe, J. R. Albritton, C. K. Sokol, R. K. M.
Jayanty, and C. E. Decker. Jan 88,98p EPA/600/4-
88/002
Contract EPA-68-02-4125
See also PB87-141461. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A repository of 45 gaseous compounds including hy-
drocarbons, halocarbon, and sulfur species has Been
established under contract with the U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency (USEPA). The main objectives of
the on-going project are (1) to provide gas mixtures to
EPA, state/local agencies, or their contractors, as per-
formance audits to assess the accuracy of source
emission measurements in certain organic chemical
manufacturing industries, (2) to examine the vendor's
certified analysis of the gas mixtures by in-house anal-
ysis, (3) to determine the stability of the gas mixtures
with time by in-house analysis, and (4) to develop new
audit materials as needed. Thus far, 31 compounds
have been used to conduct 214 different audits. The
results of these audits and a description of the experi-
mental procedures used for analyses and available
stability data are presented in the status report. Gener-
ally the audit results are within 15 percent of the ex-
pected values.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Gas cylinders, "Auditing,
Quality	assurance,	Stability,
Concentration(Composition), Halohydrocarbons, Gas
analysis, "Air pollution detection.
PB88-158787/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Critical Assessment of Effects of Acidification on
Fisheries in North America. Journal article,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
J J Magnuson, J. P. Baker, and E. J. Rahel. C1984,
19p EPA/600/J-84/410
Grant EP A-R-806912
Pub. in Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 305, p501-516
1984. Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Univ.-
Madison. Center for Limnology. Sponsored by Corval-
lis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Three types of evidence are available: field compara-
tive studies across pH gradients (space or time); labo-
ratory experiments where pH is manipulated; and field
experiments in which the pH of lakes or streams is ma-
nipulated. Most inferences have been made from com-
parative studies, the least in field manipulations. The
judgements were that the strength of a statement on
effects was increased when two or more types of infor-
mation supported the conclusion. A weakness in this
North American experience is the absence of field ma-
nipulative experiments. Also the observed correspond-
ence among results inferred by all three types of evi-
dence, strengthened results available only from com-
parative studies or only from laboratory studies, tt is
clear that when acidification occurs fisheries have
been and will be damaged by loss of fish, reductions in
benthic and planktonic invertebrates and possibly by
the accumulation of periphyton and detritus. Function-
al responses of aquatic ecosystems are more poorly
known. Expected pH values of sensitive waters in the
USA after long-term acidification are expected to be
between pH 4.3 and 4.9.
Keywords: 'Fisheries, 'Acidification, 'Air pollution,
'North America, Fishes, pH, Aquatic biology, Ecology,
Reprints, 'Air pollution eflects(Animals), 'Acid ran,
Aquatic ecosystems.
PB88-158795/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Occurrence of Transient Puffs in a Rotary Klin In-
cinerator Simulator. 2. Contained Liquid Wastes
on Sorbent. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
W. P. Linak, J. A. McSorley, J. O. L. Wendt, and J. E.
Dunn. C1987,12p EPA/600/J-87/166
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v37
n8 p934-942 Aug 87. See also PB87-179743. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Arizona Univ., Tucson. Dept.
of Chemical Engineering, and Arkansas Univ., Fayette-
ville. Dept. of Mathematical Sciences.
The paper gives results of a study of the generation of
transient puffs resulting from the batch incineration of
liquid waste into a 73 kW rotary kiln incinerator simula-
tor. The liquid was added onto a sorbent, enclosed in
cardboard cylinders that are introduced into the com-
bustion chamber one at a time. A statistically designed
parametric investigation determined the effects of
liquid mass, liquid composition, kiln temperature,, and
kiln rotation speed on the total magnitude and instan-
taneous intensity of the pollutant puff leaving the Mm
Liquid wastes investigated included toluene, methyl*
ene chloride, carbon tetrachloride, and No. S fuel ott.
Transient puffs from these wastes were monitored
using on-line measurements for FID-measurable hy-
drocarbons, CO, and integrated particulate filter load-
ings, although the suitability of any one of these indica-
tors depended on the chemical nature of the waste in-
volved. (Copyright (c) 1987-APCA.)
Keywords: 'Kilns, 'Air pollution, 'Waste disposal. In-
cinerators, Liquids, Toxicity, Hydrocarbons, Carbon
monoxide, Particles, Dust, Removal, Reprints.
,; It,
PB88-158803/HSU	PC A02/MF AOl
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trtanale
Park, NC.	w
Multlyear Study of Sludge Application to Farm-
land: Prevalence of Bacterial Enteric Pathogens
and Antibody Status of Farm Families. Journal art)-
eld
Ohio State Univ., Columbus.
A C. Ottolenghi, and V. V. Hamparian. c1987,9p EPA/
600/J-87/184
VS3
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Mi
n5 p1118-1124 May 87. Sponsored by Health
Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The authors describe their experience with the isola-
tion of salmonellae from sewage sludge from tour
treatment plants in different geographic areas of Ohio
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Over 3 years, the authors isolated salmonellae 50
times from 311 sludge samples. Most isolations were
made after enrichment in Selenite broth (BBL Microbi-
ology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.). The largest propor-
tion of isolations came from the plant serving the popu-
lation of Columbus, a large metropolitan area. A signifi-
cantly greater number of isolations from this plant were
made during the first quarter of the year. Twenty-one
different serotypes were isolated, along with five unty-
pable strains. The most frequently isolated serotype
was Salmonella infantis. Five of the strains were multi-
ply resistant to antibiotics. The authors also describe
the prevalence of antibodies to salmonellae in mem-
bers of the families residing on the farms in the study. It
was found that antibodies to group C salmonellae pre-
dominated.
Keywords: 'Sewage sludge, Antibodies, Salmonella,
Ohio, Bacteria, Families, Reprints, 'Land application,
Pathogens.
PB88-158811/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Options for Controlling Condensation Aerosols to
Meet Opacity Standards. Journal article,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A. S. Damle, D. S. Ensor, and L. E. Sparks. c1987,11 p
EPA/600/J-87 /167
Grant EPA-R-810152
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v37
n8 p925-933 Aug 87. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The article gives results of an analysis of the condens-
ing aerosol problem and an evaluation of possible con-
trol approaches to reduce the downwind 'detached
plume' opacity. The opacity of such plumes may be re-
duced by reducing the concentration of condensible
vapors, the in-stack concentration of fine particles, or
both. Results of the analysis indicate that, for low con-
centrations of condensible vapors, the detached
plume opacity may be adequately controlled by reduc-
ing the in-stack fine particulate concentration alone.
For high concentrations of condensible vapors, how-
ever, reduction of in-stack fine particulate concentra-
tion alone may not be effective: reduction of vapor
concentration may be necessary along with particulate
removal for adequate reduction of plume opacity. Dif-
ferent combinations of levels of reduction of vapor
concentration and particulate phase concentration are
possible to achieve a desired result; and thus may be
optimized to obtain a cost effective combination.
(Copyright (c) Journal of the Air Pollution Control Asso-
ciation 1987.)
Keywords: "Aerosols, 'Opacity, Emission, Plumes,
Condensing, Vapors, Particles, Air pollution, Reprints,
'Pollution control, Stationary sources, Particulates.
PB88-158829/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Separation of Metals In Wastewater Sludge by
Centrifugal Classification. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
C. A. Fronk, J. B. Farrell, and W. Strachan. Nov 85,11p
EPA/600/J-85/514
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Progress, v4 n4 p269-276
Nov 85.
Municipal wastewater sludges frequently contain un-
desirably high concentrations of heavy metals and/or
organic pollutants which interfere with beneficial use of
sludge on farmland and with some disposal practices
such as ocean disposal. Centrifugal classification is a
low-cost procedure that has been demonstrated in the
study to concentrate contaminants into the centrate
stream, thus reducing the contaminants in the centri-
fuge cake and upgrading it for beneficial use. Experi-
ments with a small solid-bowl continuous decanter
centrifuge were conducted to show the effects of ma-
chine and process variables (e.g., centrifuge speed,
flow rate) on separation of heavy metals. Recovery
factors varied from day to day, no doubt as a result of
changes In the sludge. Results from a full-scale instal-
lation at a Los Angeles County plant showed similar re-
covery factors, differing in some details. Examination
of three years of Los Angeles' operational data
showed consistent separation with no marked trends.
Los Angeles data also showed substantial concentra-
tion of organic pollutants into the centrate solids.
Keywords: 'Waste water, "Sludge, "Municipal engi-
neering, Centrifugal classifiers, Solid bowl classifiers,
Contaminants, Metals, Separation, Materials recovery,
Reprints, "Municipal sludge, "Sludge treatment, Heavy
metals, Los Angeles(California).
PB88-158837/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Interlaboratory Study of an EPA (Environmental
Protection Agency)/Ames/Salmonella Test Proto-
col. Journal article,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
L. E. Myers, N. H. Adams, T. J. Hughes, L. R. Williams,
and L. D. Claxton. c1987,15p EPA/600/J-87/165
Contract EPA-68-01-6826
Pub. in Mutation Research, v182 p121 -133 Jun 87.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Seven laboratories participated in a collaborative study
to evaluate a proposed EPA standard protocol for the
Ames test. The study utilized Salmonella typhimurium
strains TA98 and TA100 with three metabolic activa-
tion levels (0, 2, and coded unknowns. The three pri-
mary study goals were to evaluate the EPA protocol, to
determine if the protocol produced qualitative results
that agreed with published qualitative results, and to
determine the qualitative and quantitative reproducibil-
ity of results. Regarding the first goal, most of the par-
ticipants agreed that the EPA protocol was technically
acceptable, although labor-intensive. The second and
third goals of the study are interrelated. Ability to
obtain qualitative results in agreement with published
data was less than that reported In an earlier study by
de Serres and Ashby (1981) in which each laboratory
used its own protocol. The conclusion from analysis of
the quantitative data from the interlaboratory Ames
study was that both intralaboratory and interlaboratory
variation were substantial.
Keywords: "Bacteria, Reprints, "Ames test, "Salmo-
nella typhimurium, Protocols, Environmental Protec-
tion Agency.
PB88-1S884S/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Evaluation of an Aquatic Ecoreglon Classification
ot Streams In Arkansas. Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
C. M. Rohm, J. W. Giese, and C. C. Bennett. C1987,
17p EPA/600/J-87/168
Pub. in Jnl. of Freshwater Ecology, v4 n1 p127-140
Jun 87. Prepared in cooperation with Arkansas Dept.
of Pollution Control and Ecology, Little Rock. Spon-
sored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
The efficacy of a regional stream classification system,
based on the principle that streams reflect the charac-
ter of the lands they drain, was evaluated in Arkansas.
The classification consisted of six aquatic ecoregions
defined by relatively homogeneous types of land-sur-
face form, soil, potential natural vegetation and land
use. Fish, physical habitat and water quality were sam-
pled in 22 streams throughout the state. Data subject-
ed to ordination analysis generally showed greater
similarity in streams within the same ecoregion than in
streams in different ecoregions. (Copyright (c) 1987 by
Oikos Publishers, Inc.)
Keywords: "Ecology, "Aquatic biology, "Stream pollu-
tion, Classifications, Evaluation, Water quality, Man-
agement, Sites, Monitoring, Environmental impacts,
Regional planning, Reprints, Ecoregions, Habitats.
PB88-158B86/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Report on the Status of Chemicals In the Special
Review Program, Registration Standards Pro-
gram, Data Call-in Program, and Other Registra-
tion Activities. Fiscal Year 1987,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
S. Hobgood. Sep 87,113p EPA/540/09-88/019
See also report dated 31 Mar 87, PB87-208385.
The publication contains: (1) an alphabetical listing of
all chemicals which have been, or are being handled
under the Special Review Process; (2) an alphabetical
listing of the chemicals which have been through or
are now active in the Registration Standard Develop-
ment Process; and (3) Identification by cluster of the
chemicals which have been through or are being proc-
essed in the Data Call-In Program. This listing is in-
tended to give the dates and status of a chemical and
is updated semi-annually. Users of the document are
encouraged to contact the appropriate Product Man-
ager (PM) or Branch Chief, as noted, if they have any
questions regarding the entries in this listing.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Registration, Chemicals,
Standards, Risk, Benefits, Reviews.
PB88-158936/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Coliform Non-Compliance Nightmares in Water
Supply Distribution Systems,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
E. E. Geldreich. Jan 88,43p EPA/600/D-88/005
Coliform occurrences in distribution systems have cre-
ated a great concern for both utilities and water au-
thorities because of the implied public health implica-
tions and failure to meet Federal regulations. Many of
the known cases involve systems in the east and mid-
west. The common denominator being systems that
have significant amounts of pipe networks over 75
years old and all are treating surface waters. Origins
for these contamination events can be found in source
water fluctuations, failures in treatment barrier protec-
tion or loss of pipe network integrity. Once passage
into the distribution network has been achieved, some
of the conforms (Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter)
and other heterotrophic bacteria adapt to the pipe en-
vironment, finding protection and nutrient support in
pipe sediments. Under conditions of seasonal warm
waters (10 degC) and availability of assimilable organ-
ics in the pipe sediments and tubercles, colonization
grows into biofilms that may slough-off into the water
supply, creating a coliform non-compliance problem.
Significance of these occurrences and control meas-
ures are part of a realistic action plan presented for
guidance.
Keywords: "Coliform bacteria, "Water quality, "Water
pollution, Distribution systems, Public health, Potable
water. Contamination, Water supply, Compliance.
PB88-158944/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Improved Methods for Hepatitis A Virus and Rota-
virus Concentration and Detection In Recreation-
al, Raw Potable, and Finished Waters. Final rept.,
Baylor Coll. of Medicine, Houston, TX.
J. L. Melnick. Jan 88, 57p* EPA/600/4-87/029
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring and Support
Lab.-Cincinnati, OH.
The report contains procedures for detecting rotavir-
uses based upon an immunofluorescence test using a
monoclonal antibody and fluorescein-isothiocyanate-
conjugated antibody staining method to visualize virus-
infected cells. Also contained in the report are test
methods for detecting hepatitis A viruses based upon
the use of a labeled nucleic acid (gene) probe in hy-
bridization tests to detect virus nucleic acid.
Keywords: Detection, Procedures, Test methods,
'Hepatitis A virus, "Rotavirus, Immunofluorescence.
PB88-158951/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Control Strategies for Volatile Or-
ganic Compounds In Indoor Air. Rept. for May 86-
Jun 87,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
K. Ramanathan, V. L. Debler, M. Kosuso, and L. E.
Sparks. Jan 88,22p* EPA/600/D-88/010
Grant EPA-R-812522
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory
of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.
EPA) conducts and sponsors research on technology
to reduce or eliminate emissions of potentially toxic
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from industrial/
commercial sources. The realization that indoor air en-
vironments, where most humans spend the majority of
their time, also contain significant levels of VOCs has
led to a number of EPA sponsored studies on monitor-
ing, modeling, and controlling these compounds. The
purpose of the paper is two fold: (1) to present an over-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
view of the problem of indoor air pollution by VOCs and
approaches to solving it; and (2) to report the results of
a study to determine the feasibility of carbon adsorp-
tion for control of VOCs in indoor air.
Keywords: Organic compounds, Volatility, Adsorption,
Activated carbon, *Air pollution control, "Indoor air
pollution, "Volatile organic compounds, Stationary
sources.
PB88-158969/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
WYNDvalley: An Air-Quality Model for Near-Stag-
nant Flows in Constricted Terrain,
WYNDsoft, Inc., Mercer Island, WA.
H. Harrison. 17 May 87, 94p EPA/910/9-87/179
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seat-
tle, WA. Region X.
The mathematics of air quality modeling is discussed
with special attention to problems associated with
complex terrain. Practical solutions to some of these
problems are suggested and an implementation is de-
scribed as WYNDvalley, a dispersion model adapted
to the study of trace species concentrations in near-
stagnant conditions within complex valley drainage
systems. The model is illustrated by application to the
Methow, Twisp, and Chewack valleys of Okanogan
County, Washington.
Keywords: * Air pollution, "Atmospheric models, At-
mospheric motion, Mathematical models, Terrain, Val-
leys, "Air quality, "Atmospheric dispersion, "Complex
terrain, Stagnation.
PB88-15898S/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Demetallation of Used Oil to Facilitate Its Utiliza-
tion as a Fuel,
Auburn Univ., AL.
J. H. Kang, A. R. Tarrer, J. Kaminski, J. Parrish, and E.
R. Bates. Jan 88, 50p EPA/600/D-88/006
Prepared in cooperation with Department of Defense,
Washington, DC. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engi-
neering Research Lab.
In the work, a chemical demetallation agent was used
to convert entrained nonfilterable metals into a form
which could be effectively removed by filtration. Two
different types of chemical demetallation agents were
used: metallic borohydrides (NaBHaub4 and
K0Hsub4) and diammonium phosphate (DAP). Sever-
al types of used oils having different metal contents
were examined. It was observed that metallic borohy-
drides were highly selective with regard to the types of
metals they removed and the accompanying sludge
formed made the separation operation inefficient. On
the other hand, results obtained with DAP were ex-
tremely favorable. The presence of water during the
reaction was found to play an important role as a carri-
er for the DAP. The study also found the use of both
sedimentation and filtration separation techniques to
be practical, with filtration rates being significantly ac-
celerated by the addition of low percentages of No. 2
fuel oil.
Keywords: "Fuel oil, "Oil recovery, Filtration, Materials
recovery, Sludge, Separation, Metals, Hazardous
wastes.
PB88-159041 /HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Deterioration of Drinking Water Distribution Sys-
tems,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH
Drinking Water Research Div.
J. A. Goodrich. Jan 88,32p* EPA/600/D-88/007
A frequently overlooked fact, but one that is becoming
of increasing concern, is the effect that the drinking
water delivery system can have on the quality of water
received at the tap. Deterioration of aging water supply
systems can result in pipeline failures, pressure losses,
fire hazards, damaged streets, human health con-
cerns, and economic losses. The cumulative effects of
inadequate maintenance and repair and a pipe's local
environment can contribute to leakage losses of up to
40 percent and over 2 breaks/km/year. Twenty per-
cent of the waterborne disease outbreaks in the United
States have been associated with distribution system
failures. Coupled with these water quality consider-
ations is the fact that delivery systems can account for
up to 80 percent of the cost of water supply. There is
an infinite number of complex problems relating to
drinking water distribution system reliability.
Keywords: "Public health, "Potable water, "Distribu-
tion systems, "Water distribution, Deterioration, Water
quality.
PB88-159058/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Removal of Organics from Drinking Water,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research Div.
B. W. Lykins. Jan 88,24p* EPA/600/D-88/008
Organic contamination of drinking water is basically
caused by two general classes of organics; man-made
synthetic organics and disinfection of naturally occur-
ring organics (disinfection by-products). Many volatile
and non-volatile synthetic organics at trace concentra-
tions are being detected in surface and groundwaters.
Contaminated groundwater usually contains two or
more predominant organic compounds and several
other identifiable ones at lesser concentrations. Sur-
face waters, such as rivers, generally contain many or-
ganic compounds in low concentrations. The docu-
ment summarizes the treatment technologies that
EPA's Drinking Water Research Division (DWRD) is
evaluating for removal of VOCs, SOCs, and disinfec-
tion by-products from water supplies. Carbon adsorp-
tion is effective for removing both VOCs and SOCs.
Packed tower and diffused aeration are best suited for
removing VOCs. Of the technologies that show prom-
ise and are being tested at the bench and pilot scales,
conventional treatment with powdered activated
carbon (PAC) is effective for removing a few of the
SOCs, ozone oxidation is effective for removing cer-
tain classes of VOCs and SOCs, and certain reverse
osmosis membranes and ultraviolet treatment are also
potentially effective against VOCs and SOCs.
Keywords: "Water treatment, "Potable water, "Ad-
sorbents, "Organic compounds, Chemical
removal(Water treatment), Polymers, Activated
carbon.
PB88-159066/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Drinking Water Microbiology Research In the
United States: An Overview of the Past Decade,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research Div.
D. J. Reasoner. Jan 88,12p* EPA/600/D-88/009
The passage of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SWDA) in
1974 (Public Law 93-523) significantly influenced mi-
crobiological, chemical and engineering research on
drinking water quality in the United States. Microbiolo-
gical quality research during the past 10 years encom-
passed the two basic areas of treatment and distribu-
tion. Much of the treatment research focused on gen-
eration of data to support the evaluation of turbidity
and coliform maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for
the Interim Primary Drinking Water Standards. Major
effort was also directed toward disinfection research
on enteric viruses, pathogenic bacteria and the proto-
zoan pathogen, Giardia lamblia. Basic distribution
system studies examined the occurrence of heterotro-
phic bacterial numbers and types of treated and un-
treated distribution waters, and coliform occurrence
and colonization problems. Methodology develop-
ments bridged both treatment and distribution, and in-
cluded enteric virus detection methods, injured coli-
form recovery, heterotrophic bacteria enumeration,
and Giardia cyst detection. Knowledge gained from
the research efforts of the past decade has resulted in
new challenges and opportunities to improve drinking
water quality.
Keywords: "Water quality, Potable water, Microbiolo-
gy, Water treatment, Ground water, Coliform bacteria,
Drinking water, Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974,
Public Law 93-523.
PB88-1591 IS/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Support Document for the Designation of the
Newberg Area Aquifer as a Sole Source Aquifer.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA. Office
of Ground Water.
Sep 87,19p EPA/910/9-87/166
The Newberg Road-Lake Bosworth area is located in
west-central Snohomish County, WA, about 15 miles
east of the cities of Everett and Marysville. The support
document, proceeded by a resource document con-
taining very similar information, was written in re-
sponse to a petition which requested the Regional Ad-
ministrator of the Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) to designate the area's ground-water supply as
a sole source aquifer. The agency determined that the
aquifer and recharge area covers approximately 37
square miles. Ground water from the aquifer supplies
about 84 percent of the water used by the approxi-
mately 2,700 people who live in the area.
Keywords: "Aquifers, "Potable water, Water supply,
Geography, Climate, Populations, Geology, Ground
water, Water quality, Washington, Safe Drinking Water
Act of 1974, Public Law 93-523.
PB88-159132/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Resource Document tor Consideration of the
North Florence Dunal Aquifer as a Sole Source
Aquifer.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA. Office
of Ground Water.
Aug 87,16p EPA/910/9-87/167
The document represents a summary of available in-
formation and served as a basis for designating the
North Florence Dunal Aquifer as a sole source aquifer.
The North Florence Dunal Aquifer, located along the
south-central Oregon coastline, encompasses the
entire continuous body of sand located north of the
Siuslaw River and east of the Pacific Ocean. Approxi-
mately 8,500 people reside in the 19 square mile area
overlying the aquifer; nearly 4,500 within the city of
Florence. The aquifer directly supplies about 68 per-
cent of the drinking water consumed in the area. Addi-
tionally, the aquifer partly supplies the only surface
water source presently used in the area. At this time,
the water is of high quality from a human health stand-
point. However, rapid infiltration rates into the sand
cover combined with a shallow water table make the
aquifer highly susceptible to contamination from sur-
face activity.
Keywords: "Aquifiers, "Potable water, Water supply,
Surface waters, Water quality, Geology, Hydrology,
Oregon, North Florence Dunal Aquifier, Safe Drinking
Water Act, Public Law 93-523.
PB88-159140/HSU	PC AIM
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, It. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Controlling Discharge and Storage In a Combined
Interceptor Sewer - Cleveland, Ohio (Hydro-
brakes). Final rept.,
Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District, Cleveland,
OH.
A. S. Jordan. Jul 87,72p EPA/905/2-87/005,,
GLNPO-87/10
Grant EPA-S-005602
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Chi-
cago, IL. Great Lakes National Program Office.
The report details the results of a recently completed
three and one-half year Combined Sewer Overflow
(CSO) study conducted in a residential/industrial area
on the west side of Cleveland, Ohio. The study in-
volved the in-line storage and controlled discharge of
combined sewage flow, generated during a rain event,
utilizing a Hydrobrake as the control device. The object
of the study was three fold. To eliminate the combined
sewer overflow to Lake Erie. To study the effective-
ness of the Hydrobrake when utilized as a flow regula-
tor in an in-line storage situation. To provide an even
flow to the Westerly Wastewater Treatment Facility in
a rain event.
Keywords: "Overflows, "Combined sewers, "Sewers,
"Water pollution, Rainfall, Storage, Storms, Cost effec-
tiveness, Flow regulators, Drains, Phosphorus,
Discharge(water), Cleveland(Ohio), Hydrobrakes, Or-
ganic loading.
PB88-159611/HSU	PC A02/MF AOI
Increase In Qlial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Follows
Brain Hyperthermia In Rats. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianol®
Park, NC. Experimental Biology Div.
D. B. Miller, C. F. Blackman, and J. P. O'Callaghan
1987,6p EPA/600/J-87/169
Pub. in Brain Research 415, p971-3741987.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Previously, the authors have demonstrated that an in-
crease in the astrocyte-associated protein, glial fibril-
lary acidic protein (GFAP), accompanies brain injury in-
duced by a variety of chemical insults. In the present
study the authors examined the effects of microwave-
induced hyperthermia of the CNS on the concentration
of GFAP in several brain regions of the Long-Evans
rat. Irradiation resulted in a time-related increase in
GFAP in olfactory bulbs and cortex, areas of maximum
heating. The increase in GFAP following a brain tem-
perature increase suggests that heating of brain tissue
may be sufficient to provoke an injury response com-
parable to that induced by chemical and physical
insult.
Keywords: 'Hyperthermia, 'Protein, Rats, Laboratory
animals, Reprints, 'Acidic protein, Brain injury, GFAP.
PB88-159629/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Impact of Mesoscaie Convectlve Systems on Re-
gional Visibility and Oxidant Distributions during
Persistant Elevated Pollution Episodes. Journal ar-
ticle,
MESOMET, Inc., Chicago, IL.
W. A. Lyons, R. H. Calby, and C. S. Keen. c1986,15p
EPA/600/ J-86/437
Contract EPA-68-02-4051
Pub. in Jnl. of Climate and Applied Meteorology, v25
p1518-1531 Nov 86. Prepared in cooperation with R-
Scan Corp., Minneapolis, MN., and Cape Town Univ.
(South Africa). Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospher-
ic Sciences Research Lab.
Atmospheric pollutants can be transported over large
distances, with sources impacting on receptors more
than 1000 km downwind. The redistribution and re-
moval of various pollutant species may be significantly
controlled by mesoscaie phenomena, such as mesos-
cale convective systems (MCS). A case study (1-2
August 1980), using data from PEPE/NEROS-80, re-
veals the dramatic impact of several types of MCS
(MCC, squall line, air-mass shower cluster) on regional
ozone and visibility. In the air mass traversed by the
MCS, afternoon ozone was significantly depleted (less
than 20-40 ppb vs 100-120 ppb in the polluted regional
air mass.) Visibilities, which prior to the wind shift/rain
had typically been 4-13 km rose in a matter of a few
hours to 27-56 km at many locations. This CARE (con-
vective aerosol removal event) covered Virginia, north-
ern North Carolina, Delmarva, and extended more
than 500 km into the Atlantic, as clearly shown by
GOES satellite imagery on the morning of 1 August
1980. (Copyright (c) 1986 American Meteorological
Society.)
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Atmospheric models, 'Syn-
optic meteorology, Ozone, Air masses, Mathematical
models, Convection, Boundary layer, Oxidizers, Re-
prints.
PB88-159637/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Radiative Transfer Budgets for Scattering and Ab-
sorbing Plumes: Measurements and Modal Predic-
tion*. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
W E Wilson, W. H. White, C. Seigneur, D. W. Heinold,
and L. W. Richards. c1986,17p EPA/600/J-86/440
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v20 n11 p2243-
2257 Nov 86. Prepared in cooperation with Washing-
ton Univ., St. Louis, MO. Center for Air Pollution Impact
and Trend Analysis, Systems Applications, Inc., San
Rafael, CA., Environmental Research and Technology,
Inc Concord, MA., and Environmental Research and
Technology, Inc., Concord, MA.
The 1981 VISTTA field study characterized the com-
position and appearance of particlerich plumes from
three different sources. The paper examines the
VISTTA observation from the perspective of an ideal-
ized theory, and compares them with the predictions of
two plume visibility models. The optics predictions of
the two models are less accurate for plumes dominat-
ed by particle scattering than they are for plumes domi-
nated by N02 absorption. Inaccurate prediction of
plume particle size distributions can be identified as
one important source of error. (Copyright (c) Atmos-
pheric Environment, 1986.)
Keywords: 'Plume detection, 'Visibility, Models, Ab-
sorption, Scattering, Particles, Electromagnetic radi-
ation, Reprints, 'Radiative transfer, Point sources.
PB88-159645/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Tracer Study of Vertical Exchange by Cumulus
Clouds. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. K. S. Ching, and A. J. Alkezweeny. C1986,13p EPA/
600/J-86/438
Pub. in Jnl. of Climate and Applied Meteorology, v25
n11 p1702-1711 Nov 86. Prepared in cooperation with
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
The exchange of material by convective cloud proc-
esses between the mixed layer and the overlying free
troposphere is examined. The paper describes results
of a field experiment that was conducted in Lexington,
Kentucky during the period from July 20 to August 24,
1983 to study the processes associated with the verti-
cal transport of acidic pollutants by nonprecipitating
cumulus convection. To document the vertical trans-
port, an SF6 tracer was released from an aircraft either
within or above the mixed layer and sampled by an-
other aircraft at various levels in and above the mixed
layer as well as on the ground. The results show that
pollutants from the boundary layer are transported into
the cloud layer by fields of cumulus and the cloud dy-
namics also force cloud layer air into the mixed layer.
Keywords: 'Convection, 'Cumulus clouds, 'Tropo-
sphere, Air pollution, Boundary layer, Aircraft, Gases,
Wind velocity, Height, Tests, Temperature, Ozone,
Sulfur hexafluoride, Rocky Mountains, Mixing, Wind-
ward drift, Draft(Air flow), Flight path, Kentucky, Re-
prints, 'Acid rain, 'Tracer studies, Downdrafts,
Lexington(Kentucky).
PB88-159652/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Transition-State-Theory Calculations for Reac-
tions of OH with Haloalkanes. Journal article,
Aerospace Corp., Los Angeles, CA.
N. Cohen, and S. W. Benson. c1987,12p EPA/600/J-
87/178
Grant EPA-R-810705
Pub. in Jnl. of Physical Chemistry, v91 n1 p162-170
Jan 87. Prepared in cooperation with University of
Southern California, Los Angeles. Loker Hydrocarbon
Research Inst. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospher-
ic Sciences Research Lab.
A method previously used for extrapolating rate coeffi-
cients for reactions of OH radicals with alkanes and of
0 atoms with alkanes using conventional transition
state theory is applied to reactions of OH radicals with
ten halomethanes. Particular attention is given to the
problem of estimating the vibrational frequencies in the
activated complexes. Values of the entropy of activa-
tion for each reaction are calculated, which, together
with the experimental values of k(298), are used to cal-
culate k(T) at higher temperatures. The calculated
values differ from experimental values by no more than
25%.
Keywords: 'Haloalkanes, Molecular vibration, Activa-
tion energy, Chemical reactions, Reprints, 'HydroxyI
radicals, Chemical reaction kinetics.
PB88-159660/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Mutagenic Activity of the Products of Propylene
Photooxidatlon. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. D. Claxton, L. T. Cupitt, T. E. Kleindienst, P. B.
Shepson, and E. O. Edney. C1985,10p EPA/600/ J-
85/516
Pub. in Environmental Science Technology, v19 n7
P620-6271985. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop
Services, Inc./Environmental Sciences, Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
The reactants and products in irradiated propylene/
NOx mixtures were brought to a steady-state distribu-
tion in a Teflon smog chamber operated in a dynamic
mode. The effluent from the chamber was then tested
for total mutagenic activity by exposing Salmonella ty-
phimurium strain TA100 to it. The data show an in-
creased mutagenic activity for the products when com-
pared with the reactants and controls. In addition, the
mutagenic activity at long reaction times is substantial-
ly greater than at short reaction times. To examine a
subset of the propylene/NOx photooxidation products,
an exposure of strain TA100 to the products of the pro-
pylene/N205 dark reaction was conducted. Although
a small mutagenic activity was observed for the mix-
ture, a number of mutagenic organic nitrates were
identified. The results for the irradiated propylene/NOx
mixture were analyzed in terms of the mutagenic activi-
ties of the individual products. The major products
(carbon monoxide, ozone, formaldehyde, acetalde-
hyde, nitric acid, and peroxyacetyl nitrate) account for
no more than 20% of the observed mutagenic re-
sponse, assuming additivity. (Copyright (c) 1985 Amer-
ican Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Propylene, 'Nitrates, 'Mutagens, Con-
taminants, Exposure, Toxicity, Air pollution, Smog, Air-
borne wastes, Reprints, Environment effects, Salmo-
nella typhimurium.
PB88-159678/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Predicting the Visibility of Chimney Plumes: An In-
tercomparison of Four Models with Observations
at a Well-Controlled Power Plant. Journal article,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
W. D. Conner, W. E. Wilson, W. H. White, C. Seigneur,
and D. W. Heinold. c1985,16p EPA/600/J-85/517
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v19 n3 p515-528
Mar 85. Prepared in cooperation with Washington
Univ., St. Louis, MO. Center for Air Pollution Impact
and Trend Analysis, Systems Applications, Inc., San
Rafael, CA., Environmental Research and Technology,
Inc., Concord, MA., and Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Four models for the operational prediction of plume
visibility have been run by their developers on data
from the VISTTA field study at the Navajo Generating
Station. The different models give substantially differ-
ent predictions of plume dispersion, cross-plume con-
centration integrals, and plume-sky contrast. Two of
the models predict plume-sky contrasts which differ
qualitatively from those observed. Overall model per-
formance is limited chiefly by dispersion module per-
formance; given observed concentration integrals as
inputs, three of the models correctly predict the quali-
tative features of observed contrast. Much of the ob-
served variation in plume dispersion and concentration
integrals appears to have been due to sub-scale fluc-
tuations in atmospheric transport and source emis-
sions. The effects of particles on observed plume con-
trast were less than the experimental uncertainty.
(Copyright (c) 1985 Pergamon Press Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Plumes, 'Visibility, Mathematical models,
Nitrogen dioxide, Reprints, Atmospheric dispersion,
Gaussian plume models, Point sources.
PB88-159686/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Sampling and Analysis Methods for Use in Source
Apportionment Studies to Determine Impact of
Wood Burning of Fine Particle Mass. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
R. K. Stevens. 1985,15p EPA/600/J-85-518
Pub. in Environmental International, v11 p271-283
1985.
Aerosol sampling and analysis procedures are de-
scribed which may be used to obtain ambient air meas-
urements for input into source apportionment studies
to estimate the impact of wood burning on ambient
particulate loadings. Ambient wintertime fine particle
compositions in Denver and Albuquerque are used as
examples for receptor model calculations.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Combustion products,
'Wood, Particle density(Concentration), Sources,
Sampling, Mathematical models, Reprints, 'Air sam-
pling, Stationary sources, Particulates,
Denver(Colorado), Albuquerque(New Mexico).
PB88-1S9694/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Production of Oraanic Nitrates from Hydroxyl and
Nitrate Radical Reaction with Propylene. Journal
article,
Northrop Services, Inc./Environmental Sciences, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
P. B. Shepson, E. 0. Edney, T. E. Kleindienst, J. H.
Pittman, and G. R. Namie. C1985,8p EPA/600/J-85/
519
Contract EPA-68-02-4033
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v19
n9 p849-854 Sep 85. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Measurements of the gas-phase production rates of
alpha-nitratoacetone, propylene glycol dinitrate, 2-hy-
droxy propyl nitrate, and 2-nitrato propyl alcohol (2-
NPA) in a C3H6/N205/air dark reaction and a C3H6/
NOX/air irradiation are reported. The probable opera-
tive reaction mechanisms are discussed and the
branching ratios for peroxy radical reaction with no via
R02 + NO -> RON02 versus R02 + NO -> RO
+ N02 are estimated for CH3CH(00)CH20H and
CH3CH(0H)CH2OO radicals.
Keywords: 'Nitrates, Reprints, "Propylene, 'Hydroxyl,
Gas phase production rates.
PB88-159702/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Aeration and Substrate Utilization in a Sparged
Packed-Bed Biofilm Reactor. Journal article,
Utah Univ., Salt Lake City.
K. M. Lee, and H. D. Stensel. c1986,10p EPA/600/J-
86/421
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Pollution Control Federation, v58
n11 p1066-1072 Nov 86. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering
Research Lab.
A mathematical mechanistic model describes both
aeration and substrate removal in a sparged packed-
bed biofilm reactor. The model describes oxygen
transfer by two simultaneous pathways: bulk liquid
oxygen dissolution and interfacial oxygen transfer.
Substrate removal rate, oxygen utilization rate, dis-
solved oxygen and substrate concentration profiles,
and oxygen transfer efficiency for different air sparging
and organic loading conditions were determined by the
model simulation. Model simulation results agreed
closely with laboratory experimental results over a
wide range of aeration and organic loading rate condi-
tions. The close agreement was the result of including
the interfacial oxygen transfer pathway in the model.
Keywords: 'Waste water, 'Chemical reactors, 'Aer-
ation, 'Sewage treatment, Mathematical models, Sim-
ulation, Oxygen transport mechanism, Reprints.
PB88-159710/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Destruction of Volatile Organic Compounds via
Catalytic Incineration (Journal Version). Journal ar-
ticle,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. A. Palazzolo, and B. A. Tichenor. C1987,8p EPA/
600/J-87/182
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
Pub. in Environmental Progress, v6 n3 p172-176 Aug
87. See also PBB6-119062. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper gives results of an investigation of the effect
of catalytic incinerator design and operation on the de-
struction of specific volatile organic compounds
(VOCs), both singly and in mixtures. A range of operat-
ing and design parameters were tested on a wide vari-
ety of compounds and compound mixtures. Conclu-
sions of the study, presented here as applying only to
the test catalyst and ranges of conditions tested, in-
clude: (1) VOC destruction efficiency increases with in-
creasing temperature and concentration, and with de-
creasing space velocity; (2) the destructibility of VOCs
varies according to compound class; (3) individual
VOCs have different destruction efficiencies (at a
given concentration, temperature, and space velocity);
and (4) different destruction efficiencies may be ob-
tained for a specific VOC incinerated in a mixture vs.
burned alone.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Flue gases, 'Organic com-
pounds, 'Industrial wastes, Catalysis, Volatility, Re-
prints, 'Catalytic combustors,
waste disposal.
'Incineration, Solid
PB88-159728/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Chlorine Dioxide Effects on THMFP, TOXFP, and
the Formation of Inorganic By-products. Journal
article,
Cincinnati Water Works, OH.
K. S. Werdehoff, and P. C. Singer. c1987,10p EPA/
600/J-87/181
Pub. in Jnl. of American Water Works Association, v79
n9 p107-113 Sep 87. Prepared in cooperation with
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water
Engineering Research Lab.
An investigation of raw and finished waters was con-
ducted (1) to determine whether chlorine dioxide pre-
treatment lowers trihalomethane (THM) and total or-
ganic halide (TOX) formation, (2) to evaluate the rate
of chlorine dioxide consumption and the correspond-
ing rate and extent of chlorite formation, and (3) to in-
vestigate the stability of chlorite in treated water and its
interaction with chlorine. Results of these experiments
showed that chlorine dioxide can reduce THM and
TOX precursor concentrations and that when added to
raw water, chlorine dioxide will not persist long enough
to maintain oxidizing conditions through flocculation-
sedimentation basins. Utilities should be able to meet
the recommended limit of 1.0 mg/L for the sum of the
residual chlorine dioxide species by not exceeding a
chlorine dioxide dosage of 1.2-1.4 mg/L. (Copyright (c)
1987, Journal of American Water Works Association.)
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Halogen organic compounds, Chlorites, Oxi-
dation, Humic acids, Concentration(Composition), Sta-
bility, Reprints, Chlorine dioxide, Methane/trihalo.
PB88-159736/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Influence of Bromide Ion on Organic Chlorine and
Organic Bromine Formation during Free Chlorlna-
tion. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. C. Dressman, A. A. Stevens, J. M. Symons, and P. L.
K. Fu. C1987, 8p EPA/600/J-87/180
Pub. in Jnl. of American Water Works Association, v79
n9 p114-118 Sep 87. Prepared in cooperation with
Houston Univ., TX. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
The study determined the influence of bromide ion
concentrations on the relative amounts of nonpurgea-
ble organic chlorine and bromine and chlorine-substi-
tuted and bromine-substituted trihalomethanes formed
during the free chloriration of drinking water over vari-
ous reaction times and pH values. Measurements of
this type are important because bromide ion concen-
trations are not lowered by conventional drinking water
treatment processes, bromide ion is present in many
groundwaters, bromide ion may increase the produc-
tion of trihalomethanes, and the health effects of bro-
mine-substituted compounds may be different from
those of their chlorine-substituted counterparts. (Copy-
right (c) 1987, Journal of American Water Works Asso-
ciation.)
Keywords: 'Bromides, "Chlorination, Halogen organic
compounds, Biomine organic compounds, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Potable water, Water treatment,
Chemical analysis, Reprints, Methane/trihalo.
PB8B-159744/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Applied Dispersion Modelling Based on Meteoro-
logical Scaling Parameters. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. S. Irwin, S. E. Gryning, A. A. M. Holtslag, and B.
Sivertsen. C1987,13p EPA/600/J-87/176
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v21 n1 p79-89 Jan
87. Prepared in cooperation with Risoe National Lab.,
Roskilde (Denmark), Royal Netherlands Meteorologi-
cal Inst., De Bilt, and Norsk Inst, for Luftforskning, Lil-
lestroem.
A method for calculating the dispersion of plumes in
the atmospheric boundary layer is presented. The
method is easy to use on a routine basis. The inputs to
the method are fundamental metereological param-
eters, which act as distinct scaling parameters for the
turbulence. The atmospheric boundary layer is divided
into a number of regimes. For each scaling regime the
authors suggest models for the dispersion in the verti-
cal direction. The models directly give the crosswind-
integrated concentrations at the ground for non-
buoyant releases from a continuous point source. The
method is limited to horizontally homogenous condi-
tion and travel distances less than 10 km.
Keywords: 'Plumes, Mathematical models, Fleprints,
'Atmospheric dispersion, Atmospheric boundary layer,
Gaussian plume models.
PB88-159751/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Identification of Two Glucuronide Metabolites of
Doxylamine via Thermospray/Mass Spectrometry
and Thermospray/Mass Spectrometry/Mass
Spectrometry. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
W. A. Korfmacher, C. L. Holder, L. D. Betowski, and R.
K. Mitchum. C1987, 5p EPA/600/J-87/173
Pub. in Jnl. of Analytical Toxicology, v11 p182-184 Jul/
Aug 87. Prepared in cooperation with National Center
for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR.
Analysis of a high-pressure liquid chromatography
fraction containing two urinary glucuronide metabolites
of doxylamine by thermospray mass spectrometry
(TSP/MS) provided (MH) + ions for each metabolite.
TSP/MS/MS of the (MH)+ ions provided a fragment
ion characteristic of these metabolites. The results
demonstrate the utility of TSP/MS analysis for biologi-
cally derived glucuronide metabolites. (Copyright (c)
Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 1987.)
Keywords: 'Mass spectroscopy. Chromatographic
analysis, Ionization, Metabolism, toxicology, Repnnts,
'Doxylamine, Glucuronates, Bendectin.
PB88-1S9769/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Wind Tunnel Study of the Flow Structure ami Dis-
persion from Sources Upwind of Three-Dimefv-
sional Hills. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
W. H. Snyder, and R. E. Britter. c1987,19p EPA/600/
J-87/175
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v21 n4 p735-751
1987. Prepared in cooperation with Cambridge Univ.
(England). Dept. of Engineering.
The flow fields around moderately steep hills of trian-
gular cross section and varying crosswind aspect ratio
and around a bell-shaped hill were examined by using
models immersed in a simulated neutral atmospheric
boundary layer in a meteorological wind tunnel. The tri-
angular hills ranged from an axisymmetric cone to a
two-dimensional ridge. Concentration patterns result-
ing from sources of three heights placed upwind of
each of these hills were examined to determine plume
deformations and terrain amplification factors.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric diffusion, Air pollution. Wind
tunnel models, Hills, Plumes, Reprints, Atmospheric
dispersion, Atmospheric boundary layer.
PB88-159843/HSU	PC A03/MF AQ1
Effects of Gasoline Volatility on the Hydrocarbon
Exhaust Emissions from a 1984 OldsmobUo Cut-
lass, Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml
Standards Development and Support Branch.
A. E. Schuler. Aug 87,26p EPA/AA/SDSB-87/10
The report describes the results of a gasoline votatitt-<
ty/exhaust emission test program done under EPA
contract by ATL Laboratories in Columbus, Ohio. "lite
program was developed to help explain why hydrocar-
bon exhaust emissions frequently increase when using
fuels with high volatility. The testing involved a 1984
3.8L Olds Cutlass with multi-point fuel injection. Two
different fuels (9.0 and 11.5 psi RVP) were used, alono
with three different conditions of the evaporative can-
ister (no purge, 'Standard' canister loading, and a load-
ing beyond breakthrough). In addition, tests were per-
formed with both fuels with the catalytic converter re-
moved and a standard canister loading to determine
the effect of RVP on engine-out emissions.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Gasoline, Hydiocar
bons, Motor vehicles. Volatility, Fuels, Tests, Evapo!
ration canisters.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-159884/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Study of the Effects of Reduced Diesel Fuel
Sulfur Content on Engine Wear. Final rept. Sep 86-
Jun 87,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
E. A. Frame, R. A. Alvarez, and N. R. Sefer. Jun 87,
92p* EPA/460/3-87/002
Contract EPA-68-03-3353
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Ann
Arbor, Ml. Emission Control Technology Div.
The study evaluated wear in heavy-duty highway-type
engines for reduction of sulfur content of diesel fuel in
the range of 0.50 weight percent to 0.05 weight per-
cent. A literature review found that wear rates general-
ly were reduced by decreasing fuel sulfur content. The
amount of wear reduction was affected as much by op-
erating temperature and engine load as by sulfur in the
fuel. Low operating temperatures showed more wear
at high sulfur levels and, therefore, more benefit for
low sulfur fuels. Increasing engine load caused higher
wear rates independent of sulfur content.
Keywords: 'Diesel engines, "Diesel fuels, Surveys,
Sulfur, Wear, Lubricating oil.
PB88-159892/HSU	PC A03/MF AOt
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision N,
Chemistra: Environmental Fate. Series 161-1, Hy-
drolysis Studies. Addendum 3 on Data Reporting,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
S. M. Creeger, and E. B. Conerly. Jan 88,11 p EPA/
540/9-88/022
See also PB83-153973, and Addendum 2, PB87-
208393.
The Data Reporting Guideline (DRG) for Hydrolysis
Studies, Series 161-1, gives guidance to pesticide reg-
istrants on the format for their study report so that the
Agency can review it efficiently. The guidance clarifies
sections in the existing Pesticides Assessment Guide-
lines, Subdivision N, on data reporting. It provides an
outline for the study report and describes the topics
which should be addressed such as sampling inter-
vals, source or preparation of buffers, the equipment
used, method of sterilization, pH monitoring, descrip-
tion of the handling and analysis of samples, etc. and
provides guidance on the presentation of the results of
the study. Data submitters can use the DRG in prepar-
ing their reports for submission to EPA to meet 40 CFR
158 requirements for the registration of pesticides. The
DRG for Series 161-1, Hydrolysis Studies is only one
of a number of DRG's published by the National Tech-
nical Information Service as an addendum to Subdivi-
sion N of the Pesticide Assessment Guidelines.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Guidelines, Environmental
surveys, Assessments, Degradation, Metabolism,
Transport properties, Concentration(Composition),
'Path of pollutants, Bioaccumulation.
PB88-159900/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision N,
Chemistry: Environmental Fate. Series 161-2 and
161-3, Photolysis Studies. Addendum 4 on Data
Reporting,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
S M. Creeger, and E. B. Conerly. Jan 88,11 p EPA/
540/9-88/021
See also PB83-153973, and Addendum 3, PB88-
159892.
The Data Reporting Guideline (DRG) for Photolysis
Studies in Water and on Soil, Series 161-2 and 161-3,
gives guidance to pesticide registrants on the format
for their study report so that the Agency can review it
efficiently. The guidance clarifies sections in the exist-
ing Pesticides Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision N,
on data reporting. It provides an outline for the study
report and describes the topics which should be ad-
dressed such as the light source and relationship to
natural sunlight, characteristics of the soil or water
used, the equipment, experimental design, analytical
method, description of the handling and analysis of
samples and provides guidance on the presentation of
the results of the study. Data submitters can use the
DRG in preparing their reports for submission to EPA
to meet 40 CFR 158 requirements for the registration
of pesticides. The DRG for Series 161-2 and 161-3,
Photolysis Studies in Water and on Soil is only one of a
number of DRG's published by the National Technical
Information Service as an addendum to Subdivision N
of the Pesticide Assessment Guidelines.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Guidelines, Environmental
surveys, Assessments, Degradation, Metabolism,
Transport properties, Concentration(Composition),
"Path of pollutants. Bioaccumulation, "Photolysis.
PB88-159926/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Waldick Aerospace Devices, Wall Township, Mon-
mouth County, New Jersey, (First Remedial
Action), September 1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
29 Sep 87, 54p EPA/ROD/R02-87/043
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Waldick Aerospace Devices (WAD) site is a 1.72-
acre inactive industrial facility located in the Sea Girt
Section of Wall Township, Monmouth County, New
Jersey. The site consists of three buildings located on
the northern, western and southern border. WAD was
originally purchased and developed in the mid 1950's
by Mr. Warren de Montmorency. The designated
owner of the site since 1979 is KDD Realty Corpora-
tion of which Mr. de Montmorency is president. In 1979
the site was leased to Waldick Aerospace Devices,
Inc. The firm manufactured and electroplated quick-re-
lease pins for the aerospace industry for five to six
years. For at least the first three years of operations,
waste water containing heavy metals and organic sol-
vents was discharged directly onto the ground on
either side of the southern corner of the main building.
Additionally, spent machine oil was allowed to drain
out of perforated drums onto the ground at the rear
(western side) of the main building. In 1982, acting on
information received from a former Waldick employee,
the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protec-
tion (NJDEP) conducted an inspection of the Waldick
facility.
Keywords: "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal. "Superfund program. "Remedial ac-
tions, "Record of decision.
PB88-159934/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Williams Property Site, Middle Township, Cape
May, New Jersey, (First Remedial Action) Septem-
ber 1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
29 Sep 87,86p EPA/ROD/R02-87/044
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Williams Property site, a 5.6-acre tract of land con-
taining a single residence, is located in Middle Town-
ship, Cape May County, New Jersey. The site is
wooded and surrounded by land zoned for agricultural
and residential use. In 1979, approximately 150 drums
of liquid chemical wastes and sludge were emptied on
the Williams Property. The New Jersey Department of
Environmental Protection (NJDEP) investigated to de-
termine the nature and extent of the contamination
and the impact of the spill on the environment, particu-
larly the ground water. The results indicated extensive
contamination of surficial sludge, contamination of soil
and ground water with heavy metals and a wide variety
of organic chemicals. In June 1980, NJDEP removed
approximately 1,200 cubic yds of sludge and soil. Con-
tinued evidence of ground water contaminants forced
the closing of the Williams' well in 1984. It was subse-
quently discovered that widespread dumping of refuse
and construction debris had occurred on tne site for
years. This dumping may have contributed to ground
water contamination. Primary contaminants of concern
include: bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, PCE, methylene
chloride and xylene.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, "Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial ac-
tions, 'Record of decision.
PB88-159942/HSU	PC A06
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Montgomery Township Housing Development,
New Jersey, (First Remedial Action), September
1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
29 Sep 87,121p EPA/ROD/R02-87/045
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Montgomery Township Housing Development
(MTHD) is a 72-acre tract of land located in Somerset
County, New Jersey. The housing development con-
sists of 71 home sites. The original potable water
source for each home was a private well drawing from
the underlying aquifer. In 1978, the Borough of Rocky
Hill, which is located near the site, sampled ground
water from the Borough well and found it to be con-
taminated with trichloroethylene (TCE). Testing contin-
ued through 1983, and repeated evidence of TCE con-
tamination prompted the New Jersey Department of
Environmental Protection (NJDEP) to sample the
MTHD well. Results indicated the presence of TCE
and other volatile organics in that and other surround-
ing wells. In 1981, 20 homes in the MTHD were con-
nected to the Elizabethtown Water Company water
mains. To date, 38 residences have hooked up. Due to
the similarity of contaminants and the proximity of the
MTHD and Rocky Hill Municipal Well Superfund sites,
a combined RI/FS is being performed. The ROD fo-
cuses only on an alternate water supply for MTHD.
The primary contaminant of concern is TCE, with sec-
ondary contaminants being other volatile organics.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Groundwater, 'Superfund program,
'Remedial actions, "Record of decision. Ethylene/
trichloro, Volatile organic compounds.
PB88-159959/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Haviland Complex, Town of Hyde Park, Dutchess
County, New York, (First Remedial Action), Sep-
tember 1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 87,55p EPA/ROD/R02-87/046
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Haviland Complex site consists of a planned de-
velopment comprising 275 acres in the town of Hyde
Park, NY. The development contains an apartment
complex, a junior high school, an elementary school, a
shopping center and a number of private homes. Be-
ginning in October 1981, a local resident filed a com-
plaint with the Dutchess County Health Department
noting that his well water was foaming. Other com-
plaints of water quality supply problems prompted a
sampling program and sanitary survey of the Haviland
area. Results of these tests indicated failure in nearby
car wash and laundromat septic and sewage systems.
In 1982, the laundromat installed a sand filter and a
new tile field to handle the laundry effluent. Due to in-
creasing concern over potential ground water contami-
nation by volatile organic chemicals, the New York
State Department of Health (NYDOH) began sampling
wells in December 1982. In January 1983, the laundro-
mat was ordered to disconnect the dry cleaning unit
from the recently upgraded sewer disposal system and
dispose of all spent cleaning fluids offsite with a li-
censed disposal firm.
Keywords: "Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal. Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, "Superfund program, "Remedial ac-
tions, "Record of decision, Heavy metals, Volatile or-
ganic compounds.
PB88-159967/HSU	PC A04
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
Palmetto Wood Preserving, Dixiana, Lexington
County, South Carolina, (First Remedial Action),
September 1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 87,55p EPA/ROD/R04-87/026
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Palmetto Wood Preserving (PWP) Site is located
in the rural community of Dixiana, South Carolina. The
5-acre site is a decommissioned wood preserving facil-
ity which operated between 1963 and 1985. PWP
began operating in 1963 using a fluoride-chromate ar-
senate-phenol (FCAP) and an acid-copper-chromate
(ACC) process. In 1980, Eastern Forest Products took
over and switched to a chromate-copper-arsenate
(CCA) process. Operations consisted of impregnating
wood with a CCA solution under high pressure, and al-
lowing the wood to drip-dry under normal conditions.
Beginning in December 1981, the South Carolina De-
partment of Health and Environmental Control
(SCDHEC) received complaints of green liquids run-
ning off the PWP site during heavy rainfall. Subsequent
soil sampling conducted by SCDHEC indicated the
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
presence of high concentrations of chromium. Pen-
tachlorophenol (PCP) and dinitrophenol residues were
also detected. Well water sampling showed no evi-
dence of contamination. In April 1983, a private well
was found to contain high levels of chromium and
copper. As a result of the findings, SCDHEC issued a
Consent Order requesting Palmetto Wood Preserving
to determine the extent of soil and ground water con-
tamination. Primary contaminants of concern include
chromium and arsenic.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial ac-
tions, 'Record of decision.
PB88-1S9975/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Liquid Disposal, Inc., Utica, Michigan, (First Reme-
dial Action), September 1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 87, 67p EPA/ROD/R05-87/051
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Liquid Disposal, Inc. (LDI) is a 6.8-acre site located in a
residential/light industrial area in Shelby Township,
Michigan. LDI is bordered by the Clinton River and its
flood plain, the Shadbush Tract Native Study Area and
automobile junkyards. The site was first used as a
source of sand and gravel prior to becoming a landfill
around 1964. Between 1968 and 1982, LDI operated
as a commercial incinerator of liquid waste. During this
time, the site contained a large volume of hazardous
substances stored in the waste oil and scrubber la-
goons, ash sludge piles, above and below ground stor-
age tanks and in 55-gallon drums. Since 1982, EPA
has completed four immediate removal actions. As a
result of these actions, no surface waste sources exist
at the site. However, several hundred waste sample
jars, old incinerator parts, emptied tanks, wooden pal-
lets, miscellaneous containers and other debris remain
onsite. Currently, on and offsite soil and ground water
(the upper aquifer) are contaminated with a wide varie-
ty of organic and inorganic chemicals. Onsite concen-
trations are generally higher than offsite. The primary
contaminants of concern include: VOCs, semi-volatile
organics, PCBs, barium, cadmium and lead.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Site surveys. Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial ac-
tions, 'Record of decision.
PB88-159983/HSU	PC A08
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Rose Township, Demode Road Site, Oakland
County, Michigan, (First Remedial Action), Sep-
tember 1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
30 Sep 87,175p EPA/ROD/R05-87/052
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Rose Township Dump site is located in rural Rose
Township, Oakland County, Michigan. The 110-acre
site comprises an upland area almost completely sur-
rounded by wetlands, with an abundance of wildlife
onsite. From 1966 to 1968 an unknown number of
drums containing solvents, paint sludges and PCBs
were buried in a 12-acre portion of the site. Bulk
wastes were also discharged to the surface or into
shallow lagoons or pits in the area. In June 1979, the
Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR)
tested domestic wells in the area and found low level
TCE and PCE contamination. The contamination made
it necessary to supply bottled water to residents.
Based on 1979 drum sampling results, funds were ap-
propriated for an immediate removal action, which dis-
posed of over 5,000 drums offsite. Further testing be-
tween 1980 and 1982 indicated the presence of organ-
ic chemical contamination in the ground water. Cur-
rently, the primary contaminants or concern affecting
the soil and ground water include: VOCs, PAHs, PCBs,
organics and inorganics.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Soils, Ground water, Organics, *Su-
nerfund program, "Remedial actions, 'Record of deci-
sion, Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, Polychlori-
nated biphenyls, Volatile organic compounds.
978 Vol. 90, No. 24
P888-159991/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region S):
Laskin/Poplar Oil Site, Ashtabula, Ohio, (Second
Remedial Action), September 1987.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 87,49p EPA/ROD/R05-87/053
See also PB85-213924.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The Laskin/Poplar Oil site, occupying approximately 9
acres, is located in Ashtabula County, Ohio. Approxi-
mately 80 years ago a greenhouse operation began.
Boilers were installed approximately 30 years ago to
heat the greenhouses. During the 1960's, tanks were
installed to hold waste oil to fire the boilers. The oils
were not analyzed prior to acceptance and oil contain-
ing PCBs and other hazardous constituents were ac-
cepted. As the greenhouse business deteriorated, the
owner began collecting, reselling and disposing of
waste oils containing PCBs and other hazardous con-
stituents. Several emergency actions were taken after
the site was discovered and during critical periods
such as mudslides and flooding. Between July and Oc-
tober 1982, a planned removal action removed
302,000 gallons of waste oil, solidified 205,000 gallons
of sludge and treated and released 430,000 gallons of
contaminated water. An August 1984 Record of Deci-
sion addressed the incineration of contaminated
water, oil above 50 ppm, PCB and oil below 50 ppm
PCB.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Soil, Lead(Metal), Metals, 'Superfund
program, "Remedial actions, "Record of decision,
Volatile organic compounds, Polychlorinated biphen-
yls, Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
PB88-160007/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Schmalz Dump, Harrison, Wisconsin, (Second Re-
medial Action), September 1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 87, 52p EPA/ROD/R05-87/054
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Schmalz Dump site occupying approximately
seven acres of the Waverly Beach wetlands area, is lo-
cated on the north shore of Lake Winnebago in the
town of Harrison, Wisconsin. Industries dumped
wastes at various locations along the north shore of
Lake Winnebago for several years. Mr. Gerald
Schmalz, the previous site owner, began filling his
property in 1968. Records show that wastes hauled
there consisted of solid wastes, car bodies, stone,
trees, pulp chips and mash. Between 1972 and 1973
the site accepted fly ash and bottom ash from Mena-
sha Utility, and in 1978 and 1979 Schmalz accepted
the demolition debris of a building owned by the Allis-
Chalmers Corporation. Initial onsite sampling in early
1979 determined that an area containing the Allis-
Chalmers debris was contaminated with concentra-
tions of PCBs as high as 3,100 ppm with lead and
chromium also detected in relatively high concentra-
tions. In August 1985, a ROD was signed approving an
operable unit to address the PCB contamination. This
second operable unit addresses soil contamination
with lead and chromium +3.
Keywords: "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Soil, 'Superfund program, "Remedial
actions, 'Record of decision, Lead(Metal), Chromium.
PB88-160015/HSU	PC A04
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Marion/Bragg Landfill, Marion, Indiana, (First Re-
medial Action), September 1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 87,74p EPA/ROD/R05-87/055
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Marion/Bragg Landfill is a 72-acre site located
near the southeastern city limits of Marion, Indiana.
The site is bordered on the north and east by the Mis-
sissinewa River. Main features of the site include a 45-
acre landfill and a 15-acre pond. From 1935 to 1961
the site was used as a sand and gravel quarry, and
from 1949 to 1970 portions of the site, leased by Radio
Corporation of America and Bragg Construction Com-
pany, were used for industrial and municipal waste dis-
posal, respectively. Throughout this period, the Indiana
State Board of Health (ISBH) noted the disposal of ac-
etone, plasticizers, lacquer thinner and enamels.
Drummed wastes were also accepted and contents
were allegedly emptied from the drums and worked
into the landfill waste with a bulldozer, causing several
fires on site. Drums were allegedly rinsed and resold.
In 1975 Bragg Construction company ceased oper-
ation of the landfill. In 1975, Waste Reduction Systems
constructed a transfer station to properly transfer solid
wastes to an approved landfill. The transfer station
was closed in 1977.
Keywords: "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Ground water, Soil, "Superfund pro-
gram, 'Remedial actions, 'Record of decision. Heavy
metals, Volatile organic compounds, Ethylene/trich-
loro.
PB88-160197/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Ambient Air Audits of the National Crop Loss As-
sessment Network (1981-1986),
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
W. F. Barnard, and N. M. Mahowald. Jan88,9p EPA/
600/D-88/019
Since 1981 the Environmental Monitoring Systems
Laboratory (EMSL) of the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) at Research Triangle Park, North Caroli-
na has been conducting performance audits of the am-
bient air analyzers used in the National Crop Loss As-
sessment Network (NCLAN). These audits provided
the NCLAN researchers the means to assess the qual-
ity of the data gathered by their respective air monitor-
ing projects. The paper summarizes and reviews the
results for all the audits from July 1981 through August
1986. Approximately 288 analyzers were audited and
only 9 were found to be outside the NCLAN's accepta-
ble goal of + or -15%. Approximately 185 ozone, 81
sulfur dioxide, 18 oxides of nitrogen, and 4 carbon di-
oxide monitors were audited.
Keywords: "Analyzers, 'Air pollution, 'Monitoring,
'Farm crops, Auditing, Losses, Ozone, Sulfur dioxide,
Nitrogen oxides, Carbon dioxide,
Concentration(Composition), Standards, National gov-
ernment, Photometers, Ultraviolet spectra.
PB88-160262/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Radon Mitigation Choices in the United States: A
Comparison of Private and Public Sector Develop-
ments,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
K. A. Witter, D. C. Sanchez, and A. B. Craig. Jan 88,
14p* EPA/600/D-88/011
The paper compares private and public sector devel-
opments relating to radon mitigation in the U.S. In re-
sponse to elevated radon levels in many U.S. houses,
the Federal and State governments and the private
sector have undertaken many varied mitigation and
public information efforts resulting in a range of radon
reduction installations in the U.S. Government-spon-
sored research and development of radon mitigation
techniques in single-family detached houses is com-
pared with radon mitigation approaches undertaken by
the private sector. An attempt is also made to compare
premitigation diagnostics, the application of mitigation
techniques to various substructure types, the perform-
ance of mitigation installations, and the cost of the in-
stallations. The information collected indicates that
subslab ventilation is the most common technique in
both public and private sector radon mitigation; howev-
er, air-to-air heat exchangers and sealing are em-
ployed more frequently in the private sector than in
government-sponsored mitigation.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Radioactive contaminants. Soils,
Houses, Cost analysis, Ventilation, Heat exchangers.
Sealing, 'Indoor air pollution, Air pollution control, Sta-
tionary sources.
PB88-160270/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianala
Park, NC.	*
Toxlcologlcal Significance of the Chemical Reac-
tlons of Aqueous Chlorine and Chloramines,
Old Dominion Univ., Norfolk, VA.
F. E. Scully, K. Mazina, D. E. Sonenshine, and H P
Ringhand. Jan 88,14p EPA/600/D-88/012
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
When a strong oxidizing agent, like a drinking water
disinfectant, is ingested, it dissolves in the highly or-
ganic solutions of the gastrointestinal tract, including
saliva and stomach fluid, and comes in contact with tis-
sues. Because it is a strong oxidant, it can be expected
to react with organic biomolecules present. Since
aqueous chlorine and, to an ever increasing extent, in-
organic monochloramine, are widely used disinfect-
ants, it is important to determine what reactions these
oxidants can undergo in the body and whether their
products exhibit adverse health effects or can be de-
toxified. The reactions of aqueous chlorine and mon-
ochloramine with biomolecules and in biological sys-
tems will be reviewed with the intent of assessing their
toxicological significance.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Chlorine, Disinfectants, Oxi-
dizers, Chemical reactions, Gastrointestinal system,
Potable water, Water treatment, Public health, 'Chlor-
amines, 'Biological effects, Toxic substances.
PB88-160288/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati. OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Laboratory and Field Audits as Part of the EPA
(Environmental Protection Agency) Hazardous
Waste Engineering Reeearch Laboratory
(HWERL) Quality Assurance Program,
S-Cubed, La Jolla, CA.
W. B. Blackburn, and G. F. Simes. Jan 88,14p EPA/
600/D-88/014
Contract EPA-68-03-4001
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Audits are an important and integral part of the EPA
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory
(HWERL) Quality Assurance (QA) Program. As part of
the overall QA program, audits are used to determine
contractor compliance with quality assurance plans
and to assess the overall quality of data collected
during data gathering or data generation activities. Ad-
ditionally, audits are useful in evaluating the proce-
dures used in collecting and analyzing samples, in all
facets of data quality, and in management of the activi-
ty. Often, an audit of a sampling or analytical activity
will reveal a problem which otherwise may have gone
undetected until the end of the project. In such cases,
on-site corrective action recommendations are made.
Four different types of audits are performed under the
EPA HWERL QA Program: Management Systems
Audits (MSA), Technical Systems Audits (TSA), Per-
formance Evaluation Audits (PEA), and Audits of Data
Quality (ADQ).
Keywords: 'Quality assurance, Auditing, Data collec-
tion, Sampling, Chemical analysis, Evaluation, Meth-
odology, 'Hazardous waste, 'Audits, Waste manage-
ment, Environmental Protection Agency, Remedial ac-
tions, Compliance.
PB88-160296/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Bioassay Branch.
Hepatic Metabolism of the Environmental Muta-
Ren 2-Nitrofluoranthene,
orth Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
L. M. Ball, M. G. Nishioka, and J. Lewtas. Jan 88,15p
EPA/600/D-88/016
Grant EPA-R-811817
Prepared in cooperation with Battelle Columbus Labs.,
OH. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Genetic Bioassay Branch.
2-Nitrofluoranthene has recently been demonstrated
to be the most abundant nitrated fluoranthene in or-
ganic extracts of ambient air particulate matter collect-
ed both in Philadelphia (Nishioka et al., unpublished re-
sults) and in Southern California. Whereas the better-
known isomer 3-nitrofluoranthene (3-NFA) is found in
combustion emissions such as diesel exhaust (2) and
arises from direct nitration by NO2/N204 or the
NO(+2), 2-NFA appears to be formed from fluoran-
thene in the ambient air by a specific atmospheric
transformation mechanism, possibly initiated by addi-
tion of an OH radical at the site of highest electron
density. An analogous pathway would lead to the for-
mation of 2-nitropyrene which was observed in rural
ambient air particulate matter in Denmark. Other nitrat-
ed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitroPAH)
present in the environment are known to be potent
bacterial mutagens. Their genotoxicity in prokaryotes
is largely due to generation of active electrophiles
(leading to formation of covalenty-bound C8-deoxy-
guanosine DNA adducts) by nitroreduction.
Keywords: 'Nitration, 'Emissions, 'Mutagens, 'Air
pollution, Meetings, Exhaust gases, Aromatic polycy-
clic hydrocarbons, Environmental tests, Combustion
products, Environmental monitoring.
PB88-160304/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Cleaning of Municipal Waste Incinerator Flue Gas
in Europe,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
T. G. Brna, W. Ellison, and C. Jorgensen. Jan 88,28p
EPA/600/D-88/015
Prepared in cooperation with Ellison Consultants,
Monrovia, MD., and Acurex Corp., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
The paper gives an overview of a substantial ongoing
air pollution control program in West Germany, as it re-
lates to emission of acid gases and other pollutants
from municipal refuse incineration. It details emission
regulations, control means used, and technical ad-
vancements accomplished and foreseen. It gives re-
sults and the approximate effectiveness of various
controls in reducing acid gas, trace organic, trace
heavy metal, and particulate matter emissions. Avail-
able data indicate that lime spray dryer/electrostatic
precipitator (ESP) and spray dryer/fabric filter systems
can attain 70-90% acid gas removal and 97% or more
control of dioxins and furans, while limiting mercury
emissions to about 0.01-0.07 mg/N-cu m (dry). In com-
parison, some wet scrubber systems can attain 90-
plus % acid gas removal with substantial removal of
NOx and comparable control of dioxins and furans,
while possibly providing consistently lower mercury
emissions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Flue
gases, 'Europe, Incinerators, Waste disposal, Munici-
palities, Regulations, Exhaust emissions, Gas scrub-
bing, Spray drying, Electrostatic precipitators, Filters,
Stationary sources.
PB88-160379/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Control Technology Overview Report: CFC (Chlor-
ofluorocarbon) Emissions from Rigid Foam Manu-
facturing. Final rept. Mar-Nov 86,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
K. P. Wert, T. P. Nelson, and J. D. Quass. Jan 88,
199p* EPA/600/2-88/003
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
See also PB88-160387. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report estimates total chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)
emissions from the various rigid foam manufacturing
processes and from the foam products themselves,
and examines potential methods for reducing these
emissions. Options studied include replacement of
CFC-blown products with alternative products not re-
quiring CFCs, replacement of ozone-depleting CFCs
with other chemicals less likely to destroy stratospher-
ic ozone, and recovery/recycle of CFCs released
during manufacturing processes. In the production of
rigid cellular foams, CFCs are used as physical blowing
agents to reduce foam density and impart thermal in-
sulating properties. Such rigid foams include polyure-
thane, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly-
vinyl chloride, and phenolic foams. Uses of these
foams include building insulation, packaging materials,
and single-service dinnerware. Depletion of strato-
spheric ozone through action of halocarbons, particu-
larly CFCs, has been the subject of extensive study
and wide debate. Although many uncertainties remain,
current scientific evidence strongly suggests that an-
thropogenic CFCs could contribute to depletion of the
stratospheric ozone layer as was first postulated in
1974.
Keywords: 'Foam rubber, Manufacturing, Halohydro-
carbons. Ozone, 'Air pollution control. Stationary
sources. Rigid foams, Chlorofluorocarbons, Strato-
spheric ozone.
PB88-160387/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Control Technology Overview Report: CFC-11
Emissions from Flexible Polyurethane Foam Man-
ufacturing. Final rept. Mar-Oct 86,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
R. W. Farmer, and T. P. Nelson. Jan 88,216p* EPA/
600/2-88/004
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
See also PB88-160379. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report gives results of an engineering evaluation
of technical options to reduce chlorofluorocarbon
(CFC) emissions from flexible slabstock and molded
polyurethane foam manufacturing plants. Among the
technical options studied were recovery and recycle of
CFC-11, alternative chemicals and processes, and
substitute products. Two possible emission control
methods were studied in detail: substitution of methyl-
ene chloride as the auxiliary foam blowing agent and
carbon adsorption/recycle of exhausted CFC-11
vapors. Promising near-term control options identified
for slabstock production were methylene chloride sub-
stitution for CFC-11, and establishment of a minimum
foam density to reduce the amount of auxiliary blowing
agent used. For molded polyurethane foam produc-
tion, use of chemical systems which eliminate the
need for auxiliary blowing agents appeared to be a
near-term option. Possible longer-term options includ-
ed carbon adsorption with CFC-11 recovery, develop-
ment of chemical systems requiring little or no auxiliary
blowing agents for slabstock production, and commer-
cialization of new alternative blowing agents. Each
longer-term option has in common a need for addition-
al information to adequately define the optimal imple-
mentation strategy.
Keywords: Manufacturing, Halohydrocarbons, Chloro-
methanes, 'Air pollution control, Polyurethane resins,
Foam, Stationary sources, Chlorofluorocarbons, Flexi-
ble foams.
PB88-160536/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Potential Use of Immunological Markers in Deter-
mining Susceptible Individuals to Inhaled Pollut-
ants,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Clinical Research Branch.
H. S. Koren. Jan 88,36p* EPA/600/D-88/017
The discussion in the review will focus on immunologi-
cal markers of susceptibility to environmental pollut-
ants. Since very little is known about this particular
area, parts of the review will be of a speculative nature.
The term 'immune system' will be used in its broad
sense to cover the specific and nonspecific cellular
and humoral elements of the immune system as well
as the cells and the mediators of the inflammatory and
allergic responses. The major focus will be on the pul-
monary immune system.
Keywords: 'Pulmonary system, Susceptibility, Re-
views, 'Air pollution effects, 'Markers.
PB88-160544/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Application of Matrix Isolation Infrared Spectros-
copy to Analysis for Polynuclear Aromatic Hydro-
carbons in Environmental Samples,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
N. K. Wilson, J. W. Childers, and R. K. Barbour. Jan 88,
20p EPA/600/D-88/020
Contract EPA-68-02-4444
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Gas chromatography combined with matrix isolation
infrared spectroscopy (GC/MI-IR) enables identifica-
tion and quantification of components of complex mix-
tures by infrared spectroscopy at levels of a few nano-
grams. These levels are several orders of magnitude
lower than those achieved by light pipe-based infrared
measurements. Flesearchers used GC/MI-IR to identi-
fy polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in extracts of
several types of air samples, including ambient air par-
ticulate matter, diesel engine exhaust, and wood
smoke. Included are examples of these analyses and
a discussion of the on-going research using MI-IR for
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
identification ot unknown compounds associated with
the highly mutagenic fractions of air samples.
Keywords: "Infrared spectroscopy, "Aromatic polycy-
clic hydrocarbons, Gas chromatography, Quantitative
analysis, Chemical analysis, Exhaust emissions, Fouri-
er transformation, Matrix isolation, Air sampling.
PB88-160585/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Trace Organics and Inorganics in Distribution and
Marketing Municipal Sludges,
Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts, Whittier, CA.
R. Baird, and S. M. Gabrielian. Jan 88, 253p" EPA/
600/1-88/001
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The land application of municipal wastewater treat-
ment sludges is widely practiced both as an economic
treatment method for disposal and to provide an eco-
nomic soil nutrient amendment for agricultural use.
Concerns over the general disposal of sludge to land
have focused on several adverse impacts from sludge-
borne chemical and microbial agents, including phyto-
toxicity, domestic animal toxicity, and human health.
Human health issues primarily emphasize whether
these agents enter the food chain via: contamination
of drinking water, accumulation in and on edible crops,
and accumulation in animals and animal product used
for food. The specific goals of the study were (1) to
provide a database of 15 trace metals and 121 toxic
organic compounds in stabilized sludge products from
26 U.S. cities which are distributed and marketed for
various land application uses, and (2) to characterize
selected sludge extracts from each city for non-target
organic chemicals which might predominate in individ-
ual sludges. Results from the study would help deter-
mine if certain D&M sludges, based on their chemical
content and concentration, should be treated as solid
wastes to avoid adverse health risks to the general
public.
Keywords: 'Sludges, 'Organic compounds, Distribu-
tion, Marketing, Data bases, Sewage treatment,
Chemical analysis, 'Municipal sludges, 'Pathogens.
PB88-160593/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Wood Smoke Impacted Air: Mutagenicity and
Chemical Analysis of Ambient Air from Residen-
tlal Areas,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.
R. R. Watts, R. J. Drago, R. G. Merrill, R. W. Williams,
and E. Perry. Jan 88,14p* EPA/600/D-88/021
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing Systems Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
An ambient air sampling program was conducted in a
wood smoke impacted residential area of Junea,
Alaska during the winter of 1985-86. The study was un-
dertaken to determine the bacterial mutagenicity
(Ames test) and chemical characteristics of respirable
particulate matter collected in the area. Fine particle
concentrations for the sampling period of November
16th to January 7th ranged from 1.19 to 209.8 micro-
grams per cu. m. Bioassay samples from ambient air
fine particle concentration periods of 25.6 to 209.8 mi-
crograms per cu. m. showed indirect acting mutageni-
cities of 6.64 to 77.8 rev./cu. m. with a mutagenicity/
particle concentration correlation coefficient of 0.89.
The indirect acting mutagenic potency values ranged
from 0.29 to 1.44 rev/micrograms of extracted organ-
ics and averaged 0.73 + /- 0.26.
Keywords: "Smoke, 'Combustion products, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Alaska, Bioassay, "Air pollution effects(Humans),
Air sampling, "Mutagenesis.
PBS8-160650/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Evaluation of the Performance of Sulfation and
Nitration Plates. Journal article,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. E. Sickles, and R. M. Michie. C1987,10p EPA/600/
J-87/174
Contract EPA-68-02-3170
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v21 n6 p1385-1391
Jun 87. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric
Sciences Research Lab.
Inexpensive, reliable, accurate means are needed to
monitor S02 and N02 in the atmosphere. Sulfation
and nitration plates have been used with varying de-
grees of acceptance for two decades. These devices
are exposed for a period of time where the pollutant in
the surrounding ambient air reacts with the reactive
surface of the monitor. The monitor is then returned to
the laboratory where a chemical determination of the
reaction product is made. By considering the duration
of exposure and the reactive surface area, a product
flux is determined. The product flux is used along with
a calibration factor (CF) to estimate the gas-phase
concentration of the pollutant. Historically the calibra-
tion factor, which relates ambient air pollutant concen-
tration to product flux, has been assumed to be con-
stant. The objectives of the study are to evaluate the
performance of commercial sulfation and nitration
plates. The study is designed to determine the sensi-
tivity of plate calibration factors to pollutant concentra-
tion, simulated wind speed, humidity, and temperature.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Calibrating, Sulfur dioxide,
Nitrogen dioxide, Wind tunnel models, Performance
evaluation, Flat plate models, Deposition, Measure-
ment, Sulfation, Nitration, "Air pollution control equip-
ment, "Air pollution monitors, Cost.
PB88-160668/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Relationships between Benzo(a)pyrene-DNA
Adduct Levels and Genotoxic Effects in Mammali-
an Cells. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
G. T. Arce, J. W. Allen, C. L. Doerr, E. Elmore, and G.
G. Hatch. C1987,10p EPA/600/J-87/172
Pub. in Cancer Research, v47 p3388-3395, 1 Jul 87.
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc./
Environmental Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC.,
and Columbia Univ., New York. Coll. of Physicians and
Surgeons.
A modification of the doubling dose concept taken
from studies in radiation biology was applied to DNA-
adduct and genetic toxicology data. The modification,
the doubling adduct level, is defined as the number of
DNA adducts per unit of DNA required to double the in-
duced frequency of genotoxic response. The data was
obtained from concurrent studies, measuring
benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) induced genotoxic effects and
DNA adducts in several short-term bioassay systems:
cytotoxicity, gene mutation, and sister-chromatid-ex-
change (SCE) in Chinese hamster V79 cells; cytotoxi-
city, gene mutation, and chromosome aberrations in
mouse lymphoma L5178Y TK + /- cells; cytotoxicity
and enhanced virus transformation in Syrian hamster
embryo cells; and cytotoxicity and morphological
transformation in C3H10T1/2CL8 mouse embryo fi-
broblasts. Both total B(a)P-DNA binding and specific
B(a)P-DNA adducts were measured. N2(10beta(7beta,
8alpha,9alpha-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetra-
hydrobenzo(a)pyrene)ly)deoxyguanosine (BPDE l-dG)
was one of the major adducts identified in all bioassay
systems.
Keywords: "Deoxyribonucleic acid, Mammals,
Cells(Biology), Reprints, *Benzo(a)pyrene, *DNA-
adduct.
PB88-160676/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Morphological Transforming Activity and Metabo-
lism of Cyclopenta-Fused Isomers of
Benz(a)anthracene Mammalian Cells. Journal arti-
cle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
N. Mohapatra, P. MacNair, B. J. Bryant, S. Ellis, and K.
Rudo. C1987,14p EPA/600/J-87/171
Pub. in Mutation Research, v188 p323-334 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Environmental Health Re-
search and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Cyclopenta-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are a
unique class of environmental PAH which contain an
unsaturated five-membered ring available for metabol-
ic alteration and metabolic activation. Previous studies
with four isomeric cyclopenta-derivatives of
benz(a)anthracene:	benz(e)aceanthrylene,
benz(j)aceanthrylene, benz(l)aceanthrylene, and
benz(k)acephenanthrylene indicated that these PAH
were mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium and Chi-
nese hamster V79 cells. In the study, these four iso-
meric cyclopenta-derivatives of benz(a)anthracene
were examined for their ability to morphologically
transform C3H10T1/2CL8 mouse embryo fibroblasts.
All of the PAH studied except
benz(k)acephenanthrylene transformed C3H10T1/
2CL8 cells to both type II and type III foci in a concen-
tration-dependent fashion. Benz(j)aceanthrylene was
the most active, equivalent in activity to
benzo(a)pyrene on a molar basis, in producing dishes
of cells with transformed foci (94% at 1.0 micrograms/
ml). Benz(e)aceanthrylene, and benz(l)aceanthrylene
produced 58% and 85% of the dishes with foci re-
spectively at 10 micrograms/ml.
Keywords: Morphology, Metabolism, Cells(Bioli
Mammals, Reprints, "Benz(a)anthracene, *Cycl
penta fused isomers.
PB88-160684/HSU	PC A03/MF AO*
Investigations of Amitraz Neurotoxicity In Rats 2
Effects on Visual Evoked Potentials. Journal arti-
cle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trtanata
Park, NC.	w
W. K. Boyes, and V. C. Moser. 1987,16p EPA/600/J-
87/170
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicoloqv. v9 d140-
153 1987.	r v-
Investigations of amitraz neurotoxicity in rats. II. Ef-
fects on visual evoked potentials. Boyes, W.K. and
Moser, V.C. (1986) Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 00,000-
000. As a part of a series of studies investigating the
possible neurotoxicity of amitraz (AMZ), a formamidine
pesticide, visual evoked potentials were recorded from
Long-Evans rats following acute and short-term re-
peated exposure to AMZ The first of three experi-
ments examined the relationship between a single i p
injection of AMZ (0, 50 and 100 mg/kg) and the laten-
cy and peak-to-peak amplitude of pattern-reversal
(PREP) and flash-evoked potentials (FEP). The effects
of another formamidine, cholordimeform (CDM; 40
mg/kg) were also studied for comparison purposes.
Two hours after treatment, AMZ exposure produoad
large, dose-related increases in PREP amplitudes. Ex-
posure to CDM produced similar changes. Neither
compound changed FEP amplitudes. In summary
AMZ produced two phases of change in visual evoked
potentials. The first phase was characterized by large
increases in PREP amplitudes without increasing FEP
amplitudes in the same rats. The second phase was
characterized by suppression of PREP P2N3 ampli-
tude. Short-term repeated exposure produced signs of
accumulating intoxication including progressive loss of
body weight, lowered body temperature and prolonged
duration of evoked potential changes.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Rats, Laboratory animals, Re-
prints, "Neurotoxicity, "Amitraz, 'Visual evoked poten-
tials.
PB88-160940/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Effects of Trip Distance on Evaporative Hot Soak
Emissions, Exhaust Emissions, and Fuel Tank
Pressures and Temperatures. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
W. M. Pidgeon. Jun 87,109p EPA/AA/TEB-87/2
The Environmental Protection Agency's current com-
puter model for determining the emissions rates of
motor vehicles (MOBILE3) does not consider the ef-
fects of trip distance and elevated ambient tempera-
tures on hot soak evaporative emissions and exhaust
emissions. Additionally, the emissions of vehicles
equipped with port fuel injection were expected to be
more sensitive to trip distance and elevated ambient
temperatures than carbureted and throttle body inject-
ed vehicles, and port injected vehicles are expandim
their market share. Because these factors can signifl-
cantly affect the Nation's air quality, EPA initiated a
project to test these hypotheses. On-road tests were
performed to determine the effects of summertime cli-
mate and trip distance on fuel tank temperatures and
pressures. The project also included carbureted and
throttle body fuel injected vehicles. Correction factors
are recommended for trip distance and elevated ambl-
ent temperatures in future EPA computer models of
motor vehicle emissions rates.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Motor
vehicles, Carburetion, Throttling, Temperature, Mathe-
matical models, Evaporation, MOBILE3.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-161148/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Toxic Air Pollutant/Source Crosswalk - A Screen-
ing Tool for Locating Possible Sources Emitting
Toxic Air Pollutants. Final rept.
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Durham, NC,
Dec 87. 313p EPA/450/4-87/023A
Contract EPA-68-02-3887
See also PB86-238086. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The report presents an Air Toxic Pollutant Crosswalk
that associates emitting source categories with specif-
ic air toxics compounds. This is a qualitative associa-
tion and does not provide any information about the
quantities of pollutants emitted from the source cate-
gories. The crosswalk contains pollutant names, CAS
numbers, industrial source categories (SIC codes),
and emitting source classifications (SCC codes). Ap-
pendices C-G of the EPA report, Compiling Air Toxics
Emissions Inventory, EPA-450/4-86-010, were updat-
ed and expanded to develop the report. In addition, a
software system containing the crosswalk was devel-
oped for easy access and updating of the data. Use of
the system is explained in the EPA report, Toxic Air
Pollutant/Source Crosswalk - Information Storage and
Retrieval System User's Manual, EPA-450/4-87-023b.
EPA is making available the system and data base
records to agency users upon request. The purpose of
the report is to offer a technical service to air pollution
control agencies in performing preliminary assess-
ments of the types and sources of toxic compounds
present in an area. The crosswalk helps agencies to
identify the potential of pollutants to be emitted from
sources in an area.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Hazardous materi-
als, "Toxicology, State government, Emissions, Stand-
ard industrial classification, CAS numbers, 'Cross-
walk.
PB88-161179/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision F,
Hazard Evaluation: Human and Domestic Animals.
Series 81-5, Dermal Irritation. Addendum 3 on
Data Reporting,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
V. M. Seabaugh, and F. Vocci. Jan 88,8p EPA/540/9-
86/024
See also PB83-153916, and Addendum 1, PB86-
248184.
The Data Reporting Guideline (DRG) for Dermal Irrita-
tion, Series 81-5, gives guidance to pesticide regis-
trants on the format of their study report so that the
Agency can review it efficiently. This guidance clarifies
sections in the existing Pesticide Assessment Guide-
lines, Subdivision F, on data reporting. It gives exam-
ples of data tables and provides an outline for the
study report which data submitters can use in prepar-
ing tneir reports for submission to EPA to meet 40 CFR
158 data requirements for the registration of pesti-
cides. The DRG for Series 81-5, Dermal Irritation, is
only one of a number of DRGs published by the Na-
tional Technical Information Service as an addendum
to Subdivision F of the Pesticide Assessment Guide-
lines.
Keywords: 'Guidelines, 'Pesticides, Environmental
surveys, Assessments, Degradation, Metabolism,
Transport properties, Concentration(Composition),
'Path of pollutants, Bioaccumulation, Dermal irritation.
PBS8-181187/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision N,
Chemistry: Environmental Fate. Series 162-1, Aer-
obic Soil Metabolism Studies. Addendum 5 on
Data Reporting,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
S. M. Creeger, and E. B. Conerly. Jan 88,13p EPA/
540/9-88/025
See also PB83-153973, and Addendum 4, PB88-
159600.
The Data Reporting Guideline (DRG) for Aerobic Soil
Metabolism Studies, Series 162-1, gives guidance to
pesticide registrants on the format for their study
report so that the Agency can review it efficiently. This
guidance clarifies sections in the existing Pesticides
Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision N, on data report-
ing. It provides an outline for the study report and de-
scribes the topics which should be addressed such as
characteristics of the soil used, method of maintaining
temperature, darkness, and moisture, history of pesti-
cide treatment, the equipment, experimental design,
analytical method, description of the handling and
analysis of samples and provides guidance on the
presentation of the results of the study. Data submit-
ters can use the DRG in preparing their reports for sub-
mission to EPA to meet 40 CFR 158 requirements for
the registration of pesticides.
Keywords:	"Pesticides,	'Guidelines,
Concentration(Composition), Environmental surveys,
Assessments, Degradation, Metabolism, Transport
properties, 'Soil metabolism, 'Path of pollutants,
Bioaccumulation.
PB88-161195/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision N,
Chemistry: Environmental Fate. Series 183-1,
Leaching and Adsorption/Desorption Studies. Ad-
dendum 6 on Data Reporting,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
S. M. Creeger, and E. B, Conerly. Jan 88,13p EPA/
540/9-88/026
See also PB83-153973, and Addendum 5, PB88-
161187.
The Data Reporting Guideline (DRG) for Leaching and
Adsorption/Desorption Studies, Series 163-1, gives
guidance to pesticide registrants on the format for their
study report so that the Agency can review it efficient-
ly. This guidance clarifies sections in the existing Pesti-
cides Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision N, on data
reporting. It provides an outline for the study report, de-
scribes the topics which should be addressed, and the
presentation of the results of the study. It provides a
format for soil column leaching, soil thin layer and ad-
sorption/desorption studies. Data submitters can use
the DRG in preparing their reports for submission to
EPA to meet 40 CFR 158 requirements for the registra-
tion of pesticides. The DRG for Series 163-1, Leaching
and Adsorption/Desorption Studies, is only one of a
number of DRG's published by the National Technical
Information Service as an addendum to Subdivision N
of the Pesticide Assessment Guidelines.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Guidelines, Environmental
surveys, Assessments, Degradation, Metabolism,
Transport properties, Concentration(Composition),
Leaching, Adsorption, Desorption, 'Path of pollutants,
Bioaccumulation.
PB88-161203/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Trlbutyltin Technical Support Document: Position
Document 2/3.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Oct 87,156p EPA/540/9-88/027
See also PB87-186763.
The trlbutyltin technical support document restates the
basis for initiating the Special Review as stated in the
Position Document 1 (PD1) and proposes a set of reg-
ulatory actions to reduce aquatic concentrations of
TBT as a means of minimizing the adverse effects
from Tributyltin antifouling paints.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesticides,
'Toxicology, Toxicity, Residues, Ecology, Laboratory
animals, Regulations, 'Toxic substances, 'Tributyltin,
Health risks, Pesticide residues, CAS 56-35-9.
PB88-161278/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Durability of Low Coat Catalysts for Methanol-
Fueled Vehicles. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology and Applications Branch.
R. M. Heavenrich, R. I. Bruetsch, and G. K. Piotrowski.
Oct 87,34p' EPA/AA/CTAB-87/01
The report describes the durability of low cost catalytic
converters operated on methanol-fueled vehicles in
fleet service. The catalysts were first tested at EPA for
efficiency at zero miles and then aged 12,000-14,000
mile in Los Angeles, California as part of a California
Energy Commission sponsored program in coopera-
tion with Ford, Toyota, and EPA. The report also com-
pares Federal Test Procedure and Highway Test re-
sults at the 12,000 and 14,000 mile point with the zero-
mileage results.
Keywords: "Catalysts, "Catalytic converters, "Metha-
nol fuels, Exhaust emissions, Air pollution, Automo-
biles, Platinum, Palladium.
PB88-161344/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Dynamics of Polychlorinated Blphenyls in Striped
Bass from the Hudson River. 3. Tissue Disposition
and Routes for Elimination. Journal article,
New York Univ. Medical Center, Tuxedo Park. Inst, of
Environmental Medicine.
J. M. O'Connor, and J. C. Pizza. C1987,12p EPA/600/
J-87/191
Grant EPA-R-808006
Pub. in Estuaries, v10 n1 p68-77 Mar 87. Sponsored by
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Striped bass were exposed to 14C-polychlorinated bi-
phenyls (PCB) in single-dose and multiple-dose experi-
ments. Samples were analyzed to determine rate con-
stants for PCB elimination from individual tissues, PCB
concentration in tissues, the proportion of the PCB
burden retained and the proportion of the cumulative
dose retained by each tissue at various times after ex-
posure. An experiment was also conducted to deter-
mine both the potential for secondary PCB uptake in
dietary exposure studies and the relative tissue dispo-
sition of PCBs assimilated from dietary sources as
compared to direct water uptake. PCBs were present
in the tissues of striped bass within 6 h after adminis-
tration of a single dose. Certain tissue compartments,
such as the liver/gall bladder, accumulated PCBs oyer
a period of 48 h even though the whole-body burden
had decreased between 24 and 48 h. The most likely
route for PCB elimination from striped bass was from
tissues to the liver and thence to the intestine via the
bile. There were no differences in the tissue disposi-
tion of PCB related to route of exposure. (Copyright (c)
1987 Estyarine Research Foundation.)
Keywords: "Bass, Exposure, Elimination,
Concentration(Composition),	Tissues(Biology),
Hudson River, Toxicology, Reprints, "Polychlorinated
biphenyls, "Bioccumulation, Ecological concentra-
tions.
PB88-161534/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Radon Reduction Strategies and Approaches,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. E. Cook, and D. J. Egan. Jan 88,42p* EPA/600/D-
88/022
The chapter is for inclusion in a textbook, Environmen-
tal Radon, for graduate students. It gives a flavor of
what radon mitigation entails, rather than being a de-
tailed handbook treatment of the subject. It empha-
sizes the removal or reduction of soil-gas-borne radon
(the major source of radon in most houses) and briefly
describes the following methods of reducing/removing
indoor radon: natural ventilation; forced air ventilation;
forced air ventilation with heat recovery; reducing entry
points (sealing); venting radon from the soil surround-
ing a house by drain-tile soil ventilation, sub-slab venti-
lation, or wall ventilation; reducing pressure differen-
tials; removing radon from water; and air cleaning. It
gives background information on house construction
types, the significance of weather phenomena, and the
significance of the stack effect in elevating indoor
radon levels.
Keywords: "Radon, "Indoor air pollution, Air pollution
abatement, Ventilation, Soils, Natural radioactivity.
PB88-181542/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
National Performance Audit Program: Ambient Air
Audita of Analytical Proficiency, 1988,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Div.
B. F. Parr, R. L. Lampe, G. Pratt, O. L. Dowler, and W.
J. Mitchell. Dec 87,58p EPA/600/4-87/038
See also PB87-168076.
The report presents the results of the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency's 1986 National Audit Pro-
gram by pollutant and by analytical method. Semiannu-
al audits were conducted for Pb, N03 and S04 (filter
strips) and acid rain, and annual audits were conduct-
ed for CO and high volume flow rate. Continuous S02
monitors were audited throughout the year, such that
no monitor was audited more than once. Approximate-
ly 40 laboratories participated in each semiannual acid
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
rain audit. Approximately 45 laboratories participated
in each N03 and S04 audit and approximately 90 lab-
oratories in each Pb audit. Two hundred and thirty-
eight CO monitors, 246 S02 monitors and 1251 high
volume flow samplers were also audited. The results
for each 1986 audit are presented in tabular form for
each concentration level. The overall performance for
all participants for each audit conducted since the be-
ginning of the program is also illustrated in a series of
figures.
Keywords: "Auditing, * Air pollution, Sulfur dioxides, Ni-
trogen nitrates, Monitors, Concentration(Composition),
*Acid rain, Air pollution sampling.
PB88-161559/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Screening of Semivolatile Organic Compounds
(or Extractablllty and Aqueous Stability by SW-
846 Method 3510,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
T. M. Engel, R. A. Kornfeld, J. S. Warner, and K. D.
Andrews. Jan 80,91p EPA/600/4-88/005
Contract EPA-68-03-3224
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring and Support
Lab.-Cincinnati, OH.
As part of an ongoing effort in a heirarchical scheme to
demonstrate the applicability of present U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency (USEPA) analysis methods
for the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA), the suitability of SW-846 Method 3510 for the
determination of hazardous, organic compounds was
evaluated. The compounds selected for the study in-
cluded 153 semivolatile organic compounds on Ap-
pendix VIII to 40 CFR Part 261 (including the 'Michigan
List', Federal Register, December 21, 1984), that is a
previous part of the program had shown to be amena-
ble to gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/
MS) analysis. The extraction efficiency from water and
seven-day aqueous stability of the compounds were
determined to provide in part, basic information for the
finaiization of a subset of Appendix VIII suitable for
groundwater monitoring.
Keywords: 'Screening, 'Toxicology, "Waste effluents,
'Extraction, Quality assurance, 'Volatile organic com-
pounds.
PB88-181587/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Validation of SW-846 Methods 8010, 8015, and
8020,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
J. E. Gebhart, S. V. Lucas, S. J. Naber, A. M. Berry, and
T. H. Danison. Jan 88,87p EPA/600/4-88/006
Contract EPA-68-03-1760
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring and Support
Lab.-Cincinnati, OH.
A hierarchical approach is being implemented for the
development and validation of analytical methods for
the determination of the over 400 RCRA Appendix VIII
and Michigan List compounds in wastes. The first
phase of the approach involved testing GC/MS meth-
ods for the detection and measurement of these com-
pounds. Next, semivolatile compounds determined to
be amenable to GC/MS were used to evaluate the per-
formance of SW-846 Method 3510. In the study de-
scribed in the report, volatile organic compounds de-
termined to be amenable to GC/MS were used to
evaluate the performance of SW-846 Method 5030.
Keywords: "Environmental quality, "Monitoring, Or-
ganic compounds, Liquid wastes, Volatility.
P888-161575/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Waste Minimization in the Printed Circuit Board
Industry: Case Studies,
Alliance Technologies Corp., Bedford, MA.
T Nunno, S. Palmer, M. Arienti, and M. Breton. Jan 68,
I74p EPA/600/2-88/008
Contract EPA-68-03-3243
sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The report presents information on waste minimization
practices currently employed in the printed circuit
board (PCB) and semiconductor manufacturing indus-
tries. Case studies conducted at six facilities evaluated
the technical, environmental and cost impacts associ-
ated with the implementation of technologies for re-
ducing the volume and toxicity of PCB metals-contain-
ing sludges and solvent wastes. The analyses of these
data are the basis for demonstrating waste minimiza-
tion technologies to reduce hazardous waste.
Keywords: *Semiconductors(Materials), "Printed cir-
cuits. Hazardous materials, Waste management, In-
dustrial wastes. Solvents, Environmental impacts.
PB88-161617/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Pro-
pazine.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,33p EPA/600/X-84/206
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for pro-
pazine was prepared by the Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous constitu-
ents of a wide range of waste streams under Section
3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Propa-
zine has been evaluated as a carcinogen. The human
carcinogen potency factor (q(l)*) for propazine is .078
(mg/kg bw/day)-1 for oral exposure.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxicology, "Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, "Health risks, "En-
vironmental health, Toxic substances, Water pollution,
'Propazine, CAS 139-40-2.
PB88-161625/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ben-
efin.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84, 38p EPA/600/X-84/207
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for bene-
fin was prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and As-
sessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste to support listings of hazardous constituents of
a wide range of waste streams under Section 3001 of
the Resource Conservation and Recoveiy Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Benefin
has been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An Ac-
ceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount of a
chemical to which humans can be exposed on a daily
basis over an extended period of time (usually a life-
time) without suffering a deleterious effect, tor benefin
is .25 (mg/kg bw/day) for oral exposure.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxicology, "Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, "Health risks, "En-
vironmental health, Toxic substances, Water pollution,
"Benefin, CAS 1861-40-1.
PB88-161633/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dlch-
loroprop.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84, 33p EPA/600/X-84/208
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for dich-
loroprop was prepared by the Office of Health and En-
vironmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous constitu-
ents of a wide range of waste streams under Section
3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office tiles were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Dichloro-
prop has been determined to be a systemic toxicant.
An Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the
amount of a chemical to which humans can be ex-
posed on a daily basis over an extended period of time
(usually a lifetime) without suffering a deleterious
effect, for dichloroprop is .025 (mg/kg bw/day) for oral
exposure.
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, 'Health risks, "En-
vironmental health. Toxic substances, Water pollution,
'Dichloroprop, CAS 120-36-5.
PB88-161641/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
TCMTB.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,22p EPA/600/X-84/220
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
TCMTB was prepared by the Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous constitu-
ents of a wide range of waste streams under Section
3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. TCMTB
has been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An Ac-
ceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount of a
chemical to which humans can be exposed on a daily
basis over an extended period of time (usually a life-
time) without suffering a deleterious effect, for TCMTB
is .025 (mg/kg bw/day) for oral exposure.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxicology, "Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, "Health risks, "En-
vironmental health, Toxic substances, Water pollution,
TCMTB,CAS 21564-17-0.
PB88-161682/HSU
CP DM
Complex Terrain Dispersion Model - Computer
and Source Code (for Microcomputers). Model-
Simulation,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
S. Perry. 1 Feb 88,8 diskettes EPA/600/8-87/058,
EPA/SW/DK-88/040
See also PB88-162169, and PB87-103586.
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskette,
double sided, double density compatible with the IBM
PC/XT microcomputer. Diskettes are in the ASCII
format. Price includes documentation, PB88-162094
through PB88-162136.
The Complex Terrain Dispersion Model (CTDM) is a re-
fined air quality model for use in stable and neutral
conditions in complex terrain applications, its use of
meteorological input data and terrain information is dif-
ferent than current EPA models; considerable detail
for both types of input data are required and are sup-
plied by preprocessors specifically designed for
CTDM. CTDM requires the parameterization of individ-
ual hill shapes using the terrain preprocessor and the
association of each model receptor with a particular
hill (except for receptors in flat terrain, which CTDM
can also handle). A central feature of CTDM is its use
of a critical dividing-streamline height (He) to separate
the flow in the vicinity of a hill into two separate layers
Flow in the upper layer has sufficient kinetic energy to
pass over the top of the hill while streamlines it? the
lower layer are constrained to flow in a horizontal
plane around the hill.
Keywords: "Atmospheric circulation, "Terrain, Electric
power plants, Diskettes, Mathematical models, Atmos-
pheric diffusion, Plumes, Air pollution, Trends.
PB88-181773/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Biotic and Abiotic Degradation Rates of Methyl
Parathlon in Freshwater and Estuarlne Water and
Sediment Samples. Journal article,
GuIf Coast Research Lab., Ocean Springs, MS.
P. H. Pritchard, C. R. Cripe, W. W. Walker, J. C. Spain
and A. W. Bourquin. C1987,14p EPA/600/J-87/192 '
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Grant EPA-R-809797
Pub. in Chemosphere, v16 n7 p1509-1520 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Air Force Engineering and
Services Center, Tyndall AFB, FL. Directorate of Envi-
ronmental Planning. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Statistical analysis of degradation rates of methyl par-
athion samples from two Gulf Coast estuaries over a
three-year period indicated that biodegradation oc-
curred in the presence of sediment but was insignifi-
cant in water. Sediment rates always showed the
same relative five-fold difference at a primary site
within each estuarine area. Samples from 11 ancillary
sites indicated biodegradation rates in sediments can
be subdivided into two groupings which were inde-
pendent of seasonal differences (excluding tempera-
ture). Spatial variations in rates, therefore, may be of
minor environmental significance for the chemical in
estuarine areas.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, Statistical analy-
sis, Sediments, Freshwater, Estuaries, Reprints, 'Deg-
radation, "Methyl parathion.
PB88-161781/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Occurence of 'Mysidopsis bahla' (Mysidacea: My-
•idae) on the Atlantic Coast of Florida. Journal arti-
el©
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
G. M. Cripe. 1987,4p EPA/600/J-87/189, CONTRIB-
560
Pub. in Northeast Gulf Science, v9 n1 p47 Apr 87.
Occurrence of Mysidopsis bahia (Mysidacea: Mysidae)
is reported on the Atlantic Coast of Florida December
6, 1984. The sighting of 22 specimens (15 females, 4
males and 2 juveniles of undetermined sex) occurred
at the Link Port Channel, Ft. Pierce, Florida. Dr.
Thomas E. Bowman at the National Museum of Natu-
ral History, Smithsonian Institution, verified identifica-
tion.
Keywords: "Crustacea, "Coasts, "North Atlantic
Ocean, Identifying. Collecting methods, Females,
Males, Length, Salinity, Reprints, "Mysidopsis bahia,
Mysidae, Fort Pierce(Florida).
PB88-161799/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
N-Nitrosodlethylamlne-lnduced Hepatocarclno-
genesls In Estuarine Sheepshead Minnow ('Cy-
prinotton varlegatus'): Neoplasms and Related Le-
sions Compared with Mammalian Lesions. Journal
article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
J A. Couch, and L. A. Courtney. 1987,27p EPA/600/
J-87/188
Pub. in Jnl. of the National Cancer Institute, v79 n2
p297-321 Aug 87.
Groups of estuarine sheepshead minnows (Cyprino-
don variegatus) were exposed to 50-60 mg/l N-nitro-
sodiethylamine (DENA) for five to six weeks. Exposure
was stopped and the fish were then transferred to
clean, flowing seawater. Induced liver lesions were
studied in periodic samples of fish taken during the
next 67 weeks of holding. Most of these lesions were
compared to their counterpart lesions in the rat. Cer-
tain lesions such as hepatocellular carcinomas, cho-
langiolar carcinomas, spongiosis hepatis (SH), and
choiangiofibrosis in the fish have apparent similar cel-
lular origins and morphogenesis to those Lesions in
rats, and perhaps in other mammals. SH in the
sheepshead minnow apparently arises from perisinu-
soidal cells and may be a neoplasm of the cell type.
The general similarity of response to DENA in sheeps-
head minnows and rats suggests that the fish has
promise as an assay subject for identifying some hepa-
tocarcinogens, and as a sentinel organism for detect-
ing hepatocarcinogens in contaminated coastal
waters.
Keywords: Reprints, Sheepshead minnows, Cyprino-
don varlegatus, "DENA, "Nitrosodiethylamine, Hepato
carcinogenesis.
PB88-161807/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Feasibility of Dose Adjustment Based on Differ-
ence in Long-Term Clearance Rates of Inhaled
Particulate Matter In Humans and Laboratory Ani-
mals. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Carcinogen Assessment Group.
W. E. Pepelko. 1987,19pEPA/600/J-87/225
Pub. in Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, v7
P236-252 1987.
Long-term pulmonary clearance rates were evaluated
for several laboratory animal species, dogs, and
humans to determine if differences among species
exist, and if so, the adequacy of the data for dose ad-
justment. Within each species, large variations in
clearance rates were seen, probably as a result of dif-
ferences in solubility of the aerosol particles, differ-
ences in measurement techniques, possible lung
damage, transport to lung-associated lymph nodes,
and binding of dissolved chemicals to cellular macro-
molecules in the lung. While few direct comparisons
among species using the same aerosol were available,
mechanical clearance of particles from the alveolar re-
gions of dogs and humans was generally slower than
in most laboratory species, with t1/2 values several-
fold longer. Particle clearance rate variations of the
magnitude were shown to induce potentially large dif-
ferences in bioavailability. This can result in large
errors in assessing human risk from animal studies
unless a dose adjustment is made.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Air pollution. Dosage, Inhala-
tion, Humans, Laboratory animals. Reprints, "Particu-
lates.
PB88-161815/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Feasibility of Route Extrapolation In Risk Assess-
ment. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Carcinogen Assessment Group.
W. E. Pepelko. 1987,5p EPA/600/J-87/226
Pub. in British Jnl. of Industrial Medicine, v44 p649-651
1987.
For the protection of public health, it is often necessary
to estimate acceptable concentrations of chemicals
present in the environment when data are lacking for
the appropriate route of human exposure. The use of
uncertainty factors to protect against potential differ-
ences in potency between routes of administration
may, however, lead to an overly restrictive risk charac-
terization or regulation or both. On the other hand,
there may be cases when standard uncertainty factors
are inadequate to protect human health.
Keywords: "Air pollution, Feasibility studies, Public
health, Concentration(Composition), Reprints, "Risk
assessment.
PB88-161823/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Determination of Gas-Phase Dimethyl Sulfate and
Monomethyl Hydrogen Sulfate. Journal article,
Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT. Thermochemical
Inst.
L. D. Hansen, V. F. White, and D. J. Eatough. c1986,
9p CONTRIB-362, EPA/600/J-86/439
Grant EPA-810335-03
Pub. in Environ. Sci. Technol., v20 n9 p872-878 Sep
86. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences
Research Lab.
Analytical techniques have been developed for the
collection and determination of gas phase dimethyl
sulfate and monomethyl sulfuric acid In the flue lines
and plumes of power plants and in the ambient atmos-
phere. The techniques involve the collection of the gas
phase species in denuders which are selective for
monomethyl sulfuric acid or which collect both dimeth-
yl sulfate and monomethyl sulfuric acid, and determi-
nation of the deposition pattern of the collected alkyl
sulfates in the denuder. In addition, both dimethyl sul-
fate and monomethyl sulfuric acid are collected in filter
pack, sorbent bed combinations which allow for the
separate determination of both dimethyl sulfate and
monomethyl sulfuric acid or for their joint collection
and determination. Monomethyl sulfuric acid is deter-
mined by ion chromatography. Dimethyl sulfate is de-
termined either by ion chromatography or by gas chro-
matography, depending on the collection device used.
Keywords: "Air pollution detection, "Power plants,
Glue lines, Plumes, Reprints, Air sampling, "Dimethyl
sulfate, "Monomethyl hydrogen sulfate, Analytical
methods.
PB88-161831/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Nitric Acid-Nitrate Aerosol Measurements by a
Diffusion Denuder: A Performance Evaluation.
Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. L. Durham, L. L. Spiller, andT. G. Ellestad. 1987,
12p EPA/600/J-87 /177
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v21 n3 p589-598
1987.
A nitric acid diffusion denuder made of nylon was oper-
ated in Riverside, CA, Houston, TX, and Claremont,
CA. The pre-exponential and diffusion coefficients for
the first term of the Gormley-Kennedy equation were
estimated by regressing the log (mass deposited)
against the axial distance from the entrance of the
denuder. The field study average values of the two co-
efficients were compared by the two-tail t-test to the
average values for the HN03-Air system determined in
the laboratory; the test revealed that the means of the
diffusion coefficients have probabilities less than or
equal to 0.03 of being equal. The nitrate ion mass pat-
terns in the denuder for the field cases do not adhere
to the Gormley-Kennedy model applied to the simple
HN03-Air system. The source of excess nitrate depos-
ited in the nylon tube could not be identified by the
analysis. Candidate sources are deposition of gaseous
N-compounds (analyzed as nitrate) other than nitric
acid and evaporation of nitric acid from particles during
transit in the denuder tube.
Keywords: "Nitric acid, "Nitrates, Aerosols, Perform-
ance evaluation, Reprints, "Diffusion denuder.
PB68-161849/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Monitoring Transport of Selected Pesticides and
Phenols In Soil Columns by High Performance
Liquid Chromatography. Journal article,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
D. C. Bouchard. 1987,14p EPA/600/J-87/185
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Science and Health B22,
n4 p391-402 Aug 87.
Soil columns were used to study pesticides and phen-
ols transport under rapid infiltration land treatment
conditions. An analytical procedure is described for the
quantitative determination of atrazlne, diuron, carbo-
furan, phenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol, 2,4-dimethylphenol,
and 2,4-dichlorophenol in soil and wastewater. Recov-
eries of all analytes were greater than 90%.
Keywords: "Soils, "Pesticides, Fluid infiltration, Phen-
ols, Chromatographic analysis, Waste water, Reprints,
"Land application, Atrazine, Diuron.
PB88-161856/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Thermospray LC/MS/MS Analysis of Wastewater
for Disperse Azo Dyes. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
L. D. Betowski, S. M. Pyle, J. M. Ballard, and G. M.
Shaul. C1987,13p EPA/600/J-87/184
Pub. in Biomedical and Environmental Mass Spec-
trometry, v14 p343-354 1987. Prepared in cooperation
with Lockheed Engineering and Management Services
Co., Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
Primary effluent from a municipal wastewater treat-
ment plant was used as the feed in bench scale acti-
vated sludge systems. These systems were spiked
with disperse azo dyes and were sampled at various
points in the process. Samples were analyzed by high
performance liquid chromatography with UV-visible
detection and by thermospray ionization MS and
tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) using direct in-
jection or via column chromatography. The tandem
mass spectrometry techniques were used both for
method development purposes and for the specificity
and extra information these techniques can provide.
The investigation of the fate of disperse azo dyes in
the activated sludge process was a major feature of
the study. Major degradation products have been iden-
tified by tandem mass spectrometry analyses of these
wastewaters. Precision and accuracy data generated
by the thermospray tandem mass spectrometry tech-
nique are compared to those derived from the high
performance liquid chromatography/UV-visible
method. (Copyright (c) Biomedical + Environmental
Mass Spectrometry, 14:343-354,1987.)
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Waste water, "Azo dyes, "Effluents,
Sludges, Mass spectroscopy, Dispersion, Water pollu-
tion, Reprints.
PB88-161864/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evaluating the Cost and Performance ot Field-
Scale Granular Activated Carbon Systems. Journal
article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. M. Clark. 1987,11 p EPA/600/J-87/183
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v21
n6 p573-580 Jun 87.
Many organic compounds in water supplies are resist-
ant to conventional treatment, and many others are
toxic or nuisances. Low concentrations of organic con-
taminants are not readily removed by conventional
treatment methods, but activated carbon has an affini-
ty for various organics, and its use for organic contami-
nant removal from water supplies has been widely
studied. The U.S. EPA has initiated a series of field
studies to evaluate the performance of granular acti-
vated carbon (GAC). The studies involve the construc-
tion and operation of GAC systems under 'field-scale'
conditions.
Keywords: "Water treatment, "Activated carbon treat-
ment, Organic compounds, Performance evaluation,
Cost analysis.
PB88-161872/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Assessment of Phased-lsolatlon Ditch Technol-
ogies. Journal article,
Brown and Caldwell, Walnut Creek, CA.
J. J. Tetreault, B. Rusten, A. H. Benedict, and J. F.
Kreissl. c 1987,11 p EPA/600/J-87/186
Contract EPA-68-03-1818
Pub. in Jnl. Water Pollution Control Federation, v59 n9
p833-840 Sep 87. Prepared in cooperation with Aqua-
team-Norwegian Water Technology Centre of Oslo
(Norway). Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research
The paper presents an assessment of phased isola-
tion ditch technologies currently used in Denmark
They include process modifications to T and DE
ditches for nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Key ob-
jectives of the assessment were to (1) present a tech-
nology profile, (2) determine current development
status, (3) compare phased isolation ditch technol-
ogies, with sequencing batch reactors (SBR) and con-
ventional oxidation ditch technologies, and (4) assess
potential effects of implementing the technoloqy in the
United States.
Keywords: "Isolation, "Ditches, "Waste water, Aer-
ation, Sedimentation, Denitrification, Denmark, Phos-
phorus, Reprints.
PB88-161880/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Biodegradation of Trichloroethylene and Involve-
ment of an Aromatic Blodegradatlve Pathway.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
M. J. K. Nelson, S. 0. Montgomery, W. R. Mahaffey,
and P. H. Pritchard. c1987,8p EPA/600/J-87/190,
CONTRIB-593
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v53
n5 p949-954 May 87. Prepared in cooperation with
Technology Applications, Inc., Gulf Breeze, FL., and
Texas Univ. at Austin. Dept. of Microbiology.
Biodegradation of trichloroethylene (TCE) by the bac-
terial isolate strain G4 resulted in complete dechlorina-
tion of the compound as indicated by the production of
inorganic chloride. A component of the water from
which strain G4 was isolated that was required for TCE
degradation was identified as phenol. Strain G4 de-
graded TCE in the presence of chloramphenicol only
when preinduced with phenol. Toluene, o-cresol and
m-cresol could replace the phenol requirement. Two of
the inducers of TCE metabolism, phenol and toluene,
apparently induced the same aromatic degradative
pathway that cleaved the aromatic ring by meta-fis-
sion. Cells induced with either phenol or toluene had
similar oxidation rates for several aromatic compounds
and had similar levels of catechol-2, 3-dioxygenase.
The results indicate one or more enzymes of an induci-
ble pathway for aromatic degradation in strain G4 are
responsible for the degradation of TCE.
Keywords: "Dechlorination, Reprints, "Ethylene/trich-
loro, "Biodegradation, "Aromatic biodegrative path-
way.
PB88-161898/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Expression of Degradative Genes of 'Pseudo-
monas putida' In 'Caulobacter crescentus'. Journal
article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
D. K. Chatterjee, and P. Chatterjee. C1987,8p EPA/
600/J-87/187
Pub. in Journal of Bacteriology, v169 n7 p2962-2966
Jul 87. Prepared in cooperation with National Re-
search Council, Washington, DC., and Technology Ap-
plications, Inc., Gulf Breeze, FL.
The recombinant plasmid RP4-TOL was transferred
into Caulobacter crescentus at a high frequency, and
the plasmid was maintained for at least 50 genera-
tions. C. crescentus cells which contained RP4-TOL
grew on all the aromatic compounds that the plasmid
normally allowed Pseudomonas putida to grow on. Re-
ciprocal transfers from C. crescentus donor to P.
putida or Escherichia coli recipients were less efficient
and occurred at frequencies of approximately 10 to the
minus 3 power. Some representative TOL-specified
enzymes in cell-free extracts of C. crescentus (RP4-
TOL) and P. putida (RP4-TOL) were also similar. More-
over, the restriction enzyme digestion maps of RP4-
TOL from both C. crescentus and P. putida were the
same, indicating that the expression of the TOL genes
occurred without any apparent alteration of the gene
structure.
Keywords. "Bacteria, "Genes, Reprints, "Pseudo-
monas putida, "Caulobacter crescentus, Degradative
genes.
PB88-161906/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
DCPA.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84, 40p EPA/600/X-84/250
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
DCPA was prepared by the Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous constitu-
ents of a wide range of waste streams under Section
3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. DCPA
has been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An Ac-
ceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount of a
chemical to which humans can be exposed on a daily
basis over an extended period of time (usually a life-
time) without suffering a deleterious effect, for DCPA is
.048 (mg/kg bw/day) for oral exposure.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxicology, "Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, "Health risks, 'En-
vironmental health, Toxic substances, Water pollution,
"DCPA, "Tetrachloroterephthalic acid, CAS 1861-32-
1.
PB88-161914/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Flurl-
done.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,36p EPA/600/X-84/251
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for fluri-
done was prepared by the Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous constitu-
ents of a wide range of waste streams under Section
3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Fluridone
has been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An Ac-
ceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount of a
chemical to which humans can be exposed on a daily
basis over an extended period of time (usually a life-
time) without suffering a deleterious effect, for fluri-
done is .09 (mg/kg bw/day) for oral exposure.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxicology, "Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, "Health risks, "En-
vironmental health, Toxic substances, Water pollution
"Fluridone, CAS 59756-60-4.
PB88-161B22/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Busan 90.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office
Jan 84, 17p EPA/600/X-84/252
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Busan 90 was prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous con-
stituents of a wide range of waste streams under Sec-
tion 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Exist-
ing data are insufficient to determine an Acceptable
Daily Intake (ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for
Busan 90.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxicology, "Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, "Health ri6ks 'Enr
vironmental health, Toxic substances, Water pollution
"Busan 90, CAS 2491 -38-5.
PB88-161930/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Captan.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office
Jan 84,67p EPA/600/X-84/253
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
captan was prepared by the Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous constitu-
ents of a wide range of waste streams under Section
3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquai-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Captan
has been evaluated as a carcinogen. The human car-
cinogen potency factor (q(l)*) for captan is .01 (mg/kg
bw/day)-1 for oral exposure.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, 'Health risks, 'En-
vironmental health, Toxic substances, Water pollution
'Captan, CAS 133-06-2.	^ '
PB88-161948/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Atra-
zine.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,70p EPA/600/X-84/330
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for atra-
zine was prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and As-
sessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste to support listings of hazardous constituents of
a wide range of waste streams under Section 3001 of
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquau
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous wants
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Exittina
data are insufficient to determine an Acceptable Daily
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Intake (ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for atra-
zine.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, "Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, 'Health risks, 'En-
vironmental health, Toxic substances, Water pollution,
"Atrazine, CAS 1912-24-9.
PB88-1619S5/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chlorpyrifos and Chlorpyrlfos-Methyl.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,89p EPA/600/X-84/331
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for chlor-
pyrifos and chlorpyrifos methyl was prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Envi-
ronmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,
OH for the Office of Solid Waste to support listings of
hazardous constituents of a wide range of waste
streams under Section 3001 of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Both published liter-
ature and information obtained from Agency program
office files were evaluated as they pertained to poten-
tial human health, aquatic life and environmental ef-
fects of hazardous waste constituents. Quantitative
estimates have been presented provided sufficient
data are available. Chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos
methyl have been determined to be systemic toxi-
cants. An Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the
amount of a chemical to which humans can be ex-
posed on a daily basis over an extended period of time
(usually a lifetime) without suffering a deleterious
effect, for chloropyrifos is .01 (mg/kg bw/day) and for
chlorpyrifos methyl is .01 (mg/kg bw/day) for oral ex-
posure.
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, "Health risks, "En-
vironmental health, Toxic substances, Water pollution,
"Chlorpyrifos, Chlorpyripos methyl, CAS 2921-88-2,
CAS 5598-13-0.
PB88-161963/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Hy-
drazine and Hydrazine Sulfate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84, 66p EPA/600/X-84/332
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for hy-
drazine and hydrazine sulfate was prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Envi-
ronmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,
OH for the Office of Solid Waste to support listings of
hazardous constituents of a wide range of waste
streams under Sections 3001 of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Both published liter-
ature and information obtained from Agency program
office files were evaluated as they pertained to poten-
tial human health, aquatic life and environmental ef-
fects of hazardous waste constituents. Quantitative
estimates have been presented provided sufficient
data are available. Existing data are insufficient to de-
termine an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) or a carcino-
genic potency factor for hydrazine. Hydrazine sulfate
has been evaluated as a carcinogen. The human car-
cinogen potency factor (q(l)*) for hydrazine sulfate is
3.0 (mg/kg bw/day)-1 for oral exposure.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxicology, "Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, "Health risks, "En-
vironmental health, Toxic substances, Water pollution,
"Hydrazine, Hydrazine sulfate, CAS 302-01-2, CAS
10034-93-2.
PB68-181971/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for AIM-
dochlor.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,31 p EPA/600/X-84/333
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Alli-
dochlor was prepared by the Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous constitu-
ents of a wide range of waste streams under Section
3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as the authors pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Exist-
ing data are insufficient to determine an Acceptable
Daily Intake (ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for
Allidochlor.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, "Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, 'Health risks, 'En-
vironmental health, Toxic substances, Water pollution,
'Allidochlor, CAS 93-71-0.
PB88-161989/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-
Phenylphenol.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84, 67p EPA/600/X-84/334
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-
phenylphenol was prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Crite-
ria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous
constituents of a wide range of waste streams under
Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act (RCRA). Both published literature and infor-
mation obtained from Agency program office files were
evaluated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantiative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. 2-
Phenylphenol has been evaluated as a carcinogen.
The human carcinogen potency factor (q(l)*) for 2-
phenylphenol is .0019 (mg/kg bw/day)-2 for oral expo-
sure.
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Toxicology, "Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, "Health risks, "En-
vironmental health, Toxic substances, Water pollution,
'Phenylphenol, CAS 90-43-7.
PB88-161997/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Di-
methoate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,62p EPA/600/X-84/323
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for di-
methoate was prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous con-
stituents of a wide range of waste streams under Sec-
tion 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Di-
methoate has been determined to be a systemic toxi-
cant. An Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the
amount of a chemical to which humans can be ex-
posed on a daily basis over an extended period of time
(usually a lifetime) without suffering a deleterious
effect, for dimethoate is .02 (mg/kg bw/day) for oral
exposure.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxicology, "Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, "Health risks, "En-
vironmental health, Toxic substances, Water pollution,
"Dimethoate, CAS 60-51-5.
PB88-162003/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Cap-
tafol.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,48p EPA/600/X-84/324
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for cap-
tafol was prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and As-
sessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste to support listings of hazardous constituents of
a wide range of waste streams under Section 3001 of
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Captafol
has been evaluated as a carcinogen. The human car-
cinogen potency factor (q(1)*) for captafol is .0086
(mg/kg bw/day)-1 for oral exposure.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxicology, "Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, "Health risks, "En-
vironmental health, Toxic substances, Water pollution,
•Captafol, CAs 2425-06-1.
PB88-162037/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Regulating Pesticides in Food: The Delaney Para-
dox. Final rept.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
C1987,288p* ISBN-0-309-03746-8
Grant EPA-R-812181
Library of Congress catalog card no. 87-61095. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, DC., W.K. Kellogg Foundation, Battle Creek, MF.,
Dow Chemical U.S.A., Midland, Ml., and CIBA-GEIGY
Corp., Greensboro, NC. Agricultural Div.
The effect of the Delaney Clause of the Federal Food
Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) on the availability of
agricultural pesticides and public health is examined.
The statutory framework for setting tolerances and the
operation of the tolerance setting process at EPA are
reviewed. EPA's method for estimating worst case die-
tary oncogenic risk, the theoretical maximum residue
contribution (TMRC) method is described. The method
is used to characterize the nature and distribution of
estimated dietary oncogenic risk from 28 oncogenic
pesticides allowed for use on food. A unique comput-
erized data base is used to estimate the impact of four
regulatory scenarios, or options, on current levels of
estimated oncogenic risk, and pesticide use and avail-
ability. Detailed appendices examine the legislative
history of the Delaney Clause, the computerized data
base designed specifically for the report, application of
the Delaney Clause to selected pesticides, and inno-
vation in insect and weed control.
Keywords: "Food, "Pesticides, "Regulations, Legisla-
tion, Risk, Assessments, Public health, Fungicides,
Rodenticides, Diets, Environmental health, Health
risks, Cancer, 'Delaney clause, Oncogenesis.
PB88-162094/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Complex Terrain Dispersion Model (CTDM) Ter-
rain Preprocessor System. User Guide and Pro-
ram Description. Final rept.,
nvironmental Research and Technology, Inc., Con-
cord, MA.
M. Mills, R. Paine, E. Insley, and B. Egan. Jan 88,177p
EPA/600/8-88/003,, EPA/SW/DK-88/039A
Contract EPA-68-02-3421
For system on diskette, see PB88-161682 and PB88-
162169. See also PB87-103586. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Sigma Research Corp., Lexington, MA. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research
Lab.
The report describes the theory and operation of a ter-
rain preprocessor computer program which approxi-
mates actual terrain features with mathematical func-
tions. The best-fit parameters for these functions are
used by the Complex Terrain Dispersion Model
(CTDM) in the calculation of lateral and vertical
streamline displacement, an important step in the cal-
culation of concentrations at hill receptor locations.
Keywords: "Atmospheric circulation, "Terrain, Electric
power plants, Mathematical models, Atmospheric dif-
fusion, Plumes, Air pollution. Trends.
PB88-162102/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
User's Guide to the CTDM (Complex Terrain Dis-
persion Model) Meteorological Preprocessor
(METPRO) Program. Final rept.,
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Con-
cord, MA.
R.J. Paine. Jan 88,161 p EPA/600/8-88/004,, EPA/
SW/DK-88/039B
Contract EPA-68-02-3421
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
For system on diskette, see PB88-161682 and PB88-
162169. See also PB87-103586. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
The User's Guide presents a review of the structure ot
the atmospheric boundary layer and its implications for
the design of CTDM and its meteorological preproces-
sor (METRPO). The CTDM meteorological preproces-
sor calculates required meteorological variables that
are derived from conventionally available data. These
required variables include the Monin-Obukhov length,
the surface friction velocity, the surface roughness
length, and the mixed layer height. The CTDM input
data files contain these values as delivered by the me-
teorological preprocessor.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric circulation, 'Terrain, Mathe-
matical models, Atmospheric diffusion, Plumes, Air
pollution, Trends, Electric power plants.
PB88-162110/HSU	PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Complex
Terrain Model Development: Final Report. Final
rept.,
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Con-
cord, MA.
D. G. Strimaitis, R. J. Paine, B. A. Egan, R. J.
Yamartino, and B. Greene. Jan 88,485p EPA/600/3-
88/006, , EPA/SW/DK-88/039C
Contract EPA-68-02-3421
For system on diskette, see PB88-161682 and PB88-
162169. See also PB87-103586. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Sigma Research Corp., Lexington, MA. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research
Lab.
The Complex Terrain Model Development (CTDM)
project has met its original objectives of producing an
atmospheric dispersion model appropriate to elevated
sources of air pollutants located in mountainous terrain
settings under stable atmospheric conditions. The
model development effort has focused on predicting
concentrations during stable atmospheric conditions,
which have generally been associated with the highest
ground surface values. The program, initiated in June
1980, has involved the performance of four major field
experiments which produced data for model develop-
ment and verification purposes, and a complete
model. The CTDM which has been developed and
tested in the program is an advanced Gaussian model
that uses a flow algorithm which provides plume trajec-
tories and deformation information. CTDM requires
substantially more information on terrain and local me-
teorology than prior complex terrain models. It can be
used with simpler data bases, but demonstates de-
graded performance under these circumstances.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric circulation, 'Terrain, Mathe-
matical models, Atmospheric diffusion, Plumes, Air
pollution, Trends, Electric power plants, Tracer stud-
ies.
PB88-162128/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
User's Guide to the Complex Terrain Dispersion
Model. Volume 1. Model Description and User In-
structions. Final rept.,
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Con-
cord, MA.
R. J. Paine, D. G. Strimaitis, M. G. Dennis, R. J.
Yamartino, and M. T. Mills. Dec 87,173p EPA/600/8-
87/058A,, EPA/SW/DK-88/039D
Contract EPA-68-02-3421
For system on diskette, see PB88-161682 and PB88-
162169. See also PB87-103586. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Sigma Research Corp., Lexington, MA. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research
Lab.
The Complex Terrain Dispersion Model (CTDM) is a re-
fined air quality model for use in complex terrain appli-
cations. Its use of meteorological input data and terrain
information is different than current EPA models; con-
siderable detail for both types of input data are re-
quired and are supplied by preprocessors specifically
designed for CTDM. CTDM requires the parameteriza-
tion of individual hill shapes using the terrain pre-
processor and the association of each model receptor
986 Vol. 90, No. 24
with a particular hill. A central feature of CTDM is its
use of a critical dividing-streamline height (He) to sepa-
rate the flow in the vicinity of a hill into two separate
layers; one of which flows over the hill, the other
around it. The model will calculate on an hourly basis
how the plume trajectory and shape are deformed by
each hill. The computed concentration at each recep-
tor is then derived from the receptor position on the hill
and the resultant plume position and shape. The
User's Guide describes the computer program, and
gives instructions on its use.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric circulation, "Terrain, Mathe-
matical models, Atmospheric diffusion, Plumes, Air
pollution, Trends, Electric power plants.
PB88-162136/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
User's Guide to the Complex Terrain Dispersion
Model. Volume 2. Model Code Listings. Final rept.,
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Con-
cord, MA.
R. J. Paine, D. G. Strimaitis, M. G. Dennis, R. J.
Yamartino, and M. T. Mills. Dec 87,266p EPA/600/8-
87/058B,, EPA/SW/DK-88/039E
Contract EPA-68-02-3421
For system on diskette, see PB88-161682 and PB88-
162169. See also PB87-103586. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Sigma Research Corp., Lexington, MA. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research
Lab.
The Complex Terrain Dispersion Model (CTDM) is a re-
fined air quality model for use in complex terrain appli-
cations. Its use of meteorological input data and terrain
information is different than current EPA models; con-
siderable detail for both types of input data are re-
quired and are supplied by preprocessors specifically
designed for CTDM. CTDM requires the parameteriza-
tion of individual hill shapes using the terrain pre-
processor and the association of each model receptor
with a particular hill. A central feature of CTDM is its
use of a critical dividing-streamline height (He) to sepa-
rate the flow in the vicinity of a hill into two separate
layers; one of which flows over the hill, the other
around it. The model will calculate on an hourly basis
how the plume trajectory and shape are deformed by
each hill. The computed concentration at each recep-
tor is then derived from the receptor position on the hill
and the resultant plume position and shape. The
User's Guide describes the computer program, and
gives instructions on its use.
Keywords: "Atmospheric circulation, "Terrain, Mathe-
matical models, Atmospheric diffusion, Plumes, Air
pollution, Trends, Electric power plants, Tracer stud-
ies.
PB88-162169/HSU	CP D99
Complex Terrain Dispersion Model - Computer
Code (for Microcomputers). Model-Simulation,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
S. Perry. 1 Feb 88,4 diskettes EPA/600/8-87/058,
EPA/SW/DK-88/039
See also PB88-161682, and PB87-103586.
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskette,
double sided, double density compatible with the IBM
PC/XT microcomputer. Diskettes are in the ASCII
format. Price includes documentation, PB88-162094
through PB88-162136.
The Complex Terrain Dispersion Model (CTDM) is a re-
fined air quality model for use in stable and neutral
conditions in complex terrain applications. Its use of
meteorological input data and terrain information is dif-
ferent than current EPA models; considerable detail
for both types of input data are required and are sup-
plied by preprocessors specifically designed for
CTDM. CTDM requires the parameterization of individ-
ual hill shapes using the terrain preprocessor and the
association of each model receptor with a particular
hill (except for receptors in flat terrain, which CTDM
can also handle). A central feature of CTDM is its use
of a critical dividing-streamline height (He) to separate
the flow in the vicinity of a hill into two separate layers.
Flow in the upper layer has sufficient kinetic energy to
pass over the top of the hill while streamlines in the
lower layer are constrained to flow in a horizontal
plane around the hill.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric circulation, 'Terrain, Electric
power plants, Diskettes, Mathematical models, Atmos-
pheric diffusion, Plumes, Air pollution, Trends.
PB88-162177/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Pro-
pachlor.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,47p EPA/600/X-84/335
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Pro-
pachlor was prepared by the Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous constitu-
ents of a wide range of waste streams under Section
3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Propach-
lor has been determined to be a systemic toxicant An
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount
of a chemical to which humans can be exposed on a
daily basis over an extended period of time (usually a
lifetime) without suffering a deleterious effect, for PTo-
pachlor is .013 (mg/kg bw/day) for oral exposure.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Toxicology, "Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, "Health risks, "En-
vironmental health, Toxic substances, Water pollution,
"Propachlor, CAS 1918-16-7.
PB88-162185/HSU	PC A04/MF *01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dfno-
seb.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,65p EPA/600/X-84/322
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for dino-
seb was prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and As-
sessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste to support listings of hazardous constituents of
a wide range of waste streams under Section 3001 of
the Resource Conservation and Recoveiy Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Dinoseb
has been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An Ac-
ceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount of a
chemical to which humans can be exposed on a daily
basis over an extended period of time (usually a life-
time) without suffering a deleterious effect, for dinoseb
is .001 (mg/kg bw/day) for oral exposure.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxicology, "Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, "Health risks, "En-
vironmental health, Toxic substances, Water pollution,
"Dinoseb, CAS 88-85-7.
PB88-162219/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision F,
Hazard Evaluation: Humans and Domestic Ani-
mals. Acute Delayed Neurotoxicity of Organo-
Khosphorous Substances and Subchronic De-
lyed Neurotoxicity (90-Day Study). Addendum 5
on Data Reporting,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Pesticide Programs.
R. P. Zendzian. Jan 88,10p EPA/540/9-88/029
See also PB83-153916.
The Data Reporting Guideline (DRG) for Acute De-
layed Neurotoxicity of Organophosphorous Sub-
stances and Subchronic Delayed Neurotoxicity (90-
Day Study), Series 81-7 and 82-5, gives guidance to
pesticide registrans on the format of their study report
so that the Agency can review it efficiently. The guid-
ance clarifies sections in the existing Pesticide As-
sessment Guidelines, Subdivision F, on data reporting
It provides an outline for the study report which data
submitters can use in preparing their reports for sub-
mission to EPA to meet 40 CFR 158 data requirements
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
81-7 and 82-5, Acute Delayed Neurotoxicity of Organ-
ophosphorous Substances and Subchronic Delayed
Neurotoxicity (90-Day Study), i9 only one of a number
of DRGs published by the National technical Informa-
tion Service as an addendum to Subdivision F of the
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines.
Keywords: "Toxicology, 'Pesticides, 'Phosphorus or-
ganic compounds, Guidelines, Assessments, 'Neuro-
toxicity, 'Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenti-
cide Act, Bioaccumulation.
PB88-162227/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision F,
Hazard Evaluation: Human and Domestic Animals.
Dermal Sensitization. Addendum 4 on Data Re-
porting,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
V. M. Seabaugh, and F. Vocci. Jan 88,7p EPA/540/9-
88/028
See also PB83-153916.
The Data Reporting Guideline (DRG) for Dermal Sensi-
tization, Series 81-6, gives guidance to pesticide regis-
trants on the format of the authors study report so that
the Agency can review it efficiently. The guidance clari-
fies sections in the existing Pesticide Assessment
Guidelines, Subdivision F, on data reporting and ap-
plies to any of the seven acceptable tests. It provides
an outline for the study report which data submitters
can use in preparing the authors reports for submis-
sion to EPA to meet 40 CFR 158 data requirements for
the registration of pesticides. The DRG for Series 81-6,
Dermal Sensitization, is only one of a number of DRGs
published by the National Technical Information Serv-
ice as an addendum to Subdivision F of the Pesticide
Assessment Guidelines.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, 'Skin(Anatomy),
Guidelines, Assessments, Sensitization, 'Federal In-
secticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act.
PB88-162292/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision F,
Hazard Evaluation: Human and Domestic Animals.
Eye Irritation. Addendum 2 on Data Reporting,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
V. M. Seabaugh, and F. Vocci. Jan 88,9p* EPA/540/
9-88/023
See also PB83-153916.
The Data Reporting Guideline (DRG) for Eye Irritation,
Series 81-4, gives guidance to pesticide registrants on
the format of their study report so that the Agency can
review it efficiently. The guidance clarifies sections in
the existing Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivi-
sion F, on data reporting. It gives examples of data
tables and provides an outline for the study report
which data submitters can use in preparing their re-
ports for submission to EPA to meet 40 CFR 158 data
requirements for the registration of pesticides. The
DRG for Series 81-4, Eye Irritation, is only one of a
number of DRGs published by the National Technical
Information Service as an addendum to Subdivision F
of the Pesticide Assessment Guidelines.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Eye(Anatomy),
Guidelines, Assessments, Irritants, Data reporting
guideline.
PB88-162300/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chlorthalonll.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,39p EPA/600/X-84/321
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
chlorthalonil was prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous con-
stituents of a wide range of waste streams under Sec-
tion 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as the authors pertained to potential human
health, aquatic life and environmental effects of haz-
ardous waste constituents. Quantitative estimates
have been presented provided sufficient data are
available. Chlorthalonil has been evaluated as a car-
cinogen. The human carcinogen potency factor (q(l)*)
for chlorthalonil is .002 (mg/kg bw/day)-1 for oral ex-
posure.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, 'Health risks, 'En-
vironmental health, Toxic substances, Water pollution,
'Chlorthalonil, CAS 1897-45-6.
PB88-162318/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Oxir-
ane.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,81 p EPA/600/X-84/222
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for oxir-
ane was prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and As-
sessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste to support listings of hazardous constituents of
a wide range of waste streams under Section 3001 of
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Oxirane
has been evaluated as a carcinogen. The human car-
cinogen potency factor (q(l)*) for oxirane is 1.3 (mg/kg
bw/day)-1 for oral exposure.
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, 'Health risks, 'En-
vironmental health, Toxic substances, Water pollution,
"Oxirane, CAS 75-21-8.
PB88-162326/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Me-
hosfolan.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,26p EPA/600/X-84/224
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for me-
phosfolan was prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous con-
stituents of a wide range of waste streams under Sec-
tion 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Me-
phosfolan has been determined to be a systemic toxi-
cant. An Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the
amount of a chemical to which humans can be ex-
posed on a daily basis over an extended period of time
(usually a lifetime) without suffering a deleterious
effect, for mephosfolan is 9 to the minus 5 power (mg /
kg bw/day) for oral exposure.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxicology, "Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, "Health risks, "En-
vironmental health, Toxic substances, Water pollution,
"Mephosfolan, CAS 950-10-7.
PB88-162334/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Pro-
fluralln.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,26p EPA/600/X-84/225
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for pro-
fluralin was prepared by the Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous constitu-
ents of a wide range of waste streams under Section
3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as the authors pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Pro-
fluralin has been evaluated as a carcinogen. The
human carcinogen potency factor (q(l)*) for profluralin
is .028 (mg/kg bw/day)-1 for oral exposure.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxicology, "Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, "Health risks, 'En-
vironmental health, Toxic substances, Water pollution,
"Profluralin, CAS 26399-36-0.
PB88-162342/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Te-
mephos.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,50p EPA/600/X-84/230
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Te-
mephos was prepared by the Office of Health and En-
vironmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous constitu-
ents of a wide range of waste streams under Section
3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Teme-
phos has been determined to be a systemic toxicant.
An Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the
amount of a chemical to which humans can be ex-
posed on a daily basis over an extended period of time
(usually a lifetime) without suffering a deleterious
effect, for Temephos is .0054 (mg/kg bw/day) for oral
exposure.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Toxicology, "Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, "Health risks, 'En-
vironmental health, Toxic substances, Water pollution,
"Temephos, CAS 3383-96-8.
PB88-162359/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ame-
tryn.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,50p EPA/600/X-84/232
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for ame-
tryn was prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and As-
sessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste to support listings of hazardous constituents of
a wide range of waste streams under Section 3001 of
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Ametryn
has been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An Ac-
ceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount of a
chemical to which humans can be exposed on a daily
basis over an extended period of time (usually a life-
time) without suffering a deleterious effect, for ametryn
is .01 (mg/kg bw/day) for oral exposure.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxicology, "Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, "Health risks, "En-
vironmental health, Toxic substances, Water pollution,
"Ametryn, CAS 834-12-8.
PB88-162367/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Sl-
mazine.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,59p EPA/600/X-84/233
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Sima-
zine was prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and As-
sessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste to support listings of hazardous constituents of
a wide range of waste streams under Section 3001 of
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sented provided sufficient data are available. Existing
data are insufficient to determine an Acceptable Daily
Intak (ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for Sima-
zine.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, 'Health risks, 'En-
vironmental health, Toxic substances, Water pollution,
"Simazine, CAS 122-34-9.
PB88-162375/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Tri-
fluralln.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84, 67p EPA/600/X-84/ 234
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for triflur-
alin was prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and As-
sessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste to support listings of hazardous constituents of
a wide range of waste streams under Section 3001 of
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Trifluralin
has been evaluated as a carcinogen. The human car-
cinogen potency factor (ql*) for trifluralin is .029 per
(mg/kg bw/day) for oral exposure.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, 'Health risks, 'En-
vironmental health, Toxic substances, Water pollution,
*T rifluralin, CAS 1582-09-8.
PB88-162383/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
MCPP.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,42p EPA/600/X-84/241
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
MCPP was prepared by the Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous constitu-
ents of a wide range of waste streams under Section
3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. MCPP
has been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An Ac-
ceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount of a
chemical to which humans can be exposed on a daily
basis over an extended period of time (usually a life-
time) without suffering a deleterious effect, for MCPP is
.0034 (mg/kg bw/day) for oral exposure.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, "Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, 'Health risks, 'En-
vironmental health, Toxic substances, Water pollution,
'MCPP, CAS 93-65-2, "Mecoprop.
PB88-162391/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
MCPA and MCPB.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84, 78p EPA/600/X-84/242
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
MCPA and MCPB was prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Crite-
ria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous
constituents of a wide range of waste streams under
Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act (RCRA). Both published literature and infor-
mation obtained from Agency program office files were
evaluated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient ddta are available.
MCPA and MCPB have been determined to be sys-
temic toxicants. An Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), de-
fined as the amount of a chemical to which humans
can be exposed on a daily basis over an extended
period of time (usually a lifetime) without suffering a
deleterious effect, for MCPA is .001 (mg/kg bw/day)
and for MCPB is .001 (mg/kg bw/day) for oral expo-
sure.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Toxicology, 'Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, "Health risks, 'En-
vironmental health, Toxic substances, Water pollution,
'MCPA, 'MCPB, CAS 94-81-5, CAS 94-74-6.
PB88-162409/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Cyanazlne.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,49p EPA/600/X-84/243
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for cyan-
azine was prepared by the Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous constitu-
ents of a wide range of waste streams under Section
3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Cyana-
zine has been determined to be a systemic toxicant.
An Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the
amount of a chemical to which humans can be ex-
posed on a daily basis over an extended period of time
(usually a lifetime) without suffering a deleterious
effect, for cyanazine is .006 (mg/kg bw/day) for oral
exposure.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, "Health risks, "En-
vironmental health, Toxic substances, Water pollution,
"Cyanazine, CAS 21725-46-2.
PB88-162417/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Iso-
propalin.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,31 p EPA/600/X-84/244
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for iso-
propalin was prepared by the Office of Health and En-
vironmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous constitu-
ents of a wide range of waste streams under Section
3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Isopro-
palin has been determined to be a systemic toxicant.
An Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the
amount of a chemical to which humans can be ex-
posed on a daily basis over an extended period of time
(usually a lifetime) without suffering a deleterious
effect, for isopropalin is .056 (mg/kg bw/day) for oral
exposure.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxicology, "Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, "Health risks, 'En-
vironmental health, Toxic substances, Water pollution,
"Isopropalin, CAS 33820-53-0.
PB88-16242S/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dla-
zlnon.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84, 69p EPA/600/X-84/245
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for dia-
zinon was prepared by the Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous constitu-
ents of a wide range of waste streams under Section
3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as the authors pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Dia-
zinon has been determined to be a systemic toxicant.
An Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the
amount of a chemical to which humans can be ex-
posed on a daily basis over an extended period of time
(usually a lifetime) without suffering a deleterious
effect, for diazinon is .0009 (mg/kg bw/day) for oral
exposure.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxicology, "Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, "Health risks, "En-
vironmental health, Toxic substances, Water pollution,
"Diazinon, CAS 333-41-5.
PB88-162433/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Folpet.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,58p EPA/600/X-84/327
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for folpet
was prepared by the Office of Health and Environmen-
tal Assessment, Environmental Criteria and Assess-
ment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste to support listings of hazardous constituents of
a wide range of waste streams under Section 3001 of
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Folpet
has been evaluated as a carcinogen. The human car-
cinogen potency factor (q(l)*) for folpet is .005 (ma/ko
bw/day)-1 for oral exposure.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxicology, "Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, "Health risks, "En-
vironmental health, Toxic substances, Water pollution
"Folpet, CAS 133-07-3.
PB88-162441/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Stir-
ofos.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,48p EPA/600/X-84/336
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for stiro-
fos was prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and As-
sessment Office, Cincinnati. OH for the Office of Solid
Waste to support listings of hazardous constituents of
a wide range of waste streams under Section 3001 of
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Stirofos
has been evaluated as a carcinogen. The human car-
cinogen potency factor (q(l)*) for stirofos is .024 (mg/
kg bw/day)-1 for oral exposure.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, "Hazardous ma-
terials. Assessments, Carcinogens, "Health risks, 'En-
vironmental health, Toxic substances, Water pollution
' Stirofos, CAS 22248-79-9, CAS 22350-76-1,
PB88-162458/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Data.
on.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84, 55p EPA/600/X-84/337
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for daltt-
pon was prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and- As-
sessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste to support listings of hazardous constituents of
a wide range of waste streams under Section 3001 of
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ad as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Dalapon
has been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An Ac-
ceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount of a
chemical to which humans can be exposed on a daily
basis over an extended period of time (usually a life-
time) without suffering a deleterious effect, for dalapon
is .085 (mg/kg bw/day) for oral exposure.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Toxicology, 'Hazardous ma-
terials, Assessments, Carcinogens, 'Health risks, 'En-
vironmental health, Toxic substances, Water pollution,
'Dalapon, CAS 75-99-0.
PB88-162466/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ace-
phate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 84,48p EPA/600/X-84/338
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for ace-
phate was prepared by the Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste to support listings of hazardous constitu-
ents of a wide range of waste streams under Section
3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Both published literature and information ob-
tained from Agency program office files were evaluat-
ed as they pertained to potential human health, aquat-
ic life and environmental effects of hazardous waste
constituents. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. Ace-
phate has been evaluated as a carcinogen. The
human carcinogen potency factor (q(l)*) for acephate
is .0066 (mg/kg bw/day)-1 for oral exposure.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Hazardous ma-
tenals. Assessments, Carcinogens, 'Health risks, 'En-
vironmental health, Toxic substances, Water pollution,
'Acephate, CAS 30560-19-1.
PB88-162631/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Report to Congress: Wastes from the Extraction
and Beneflclatlon of Metallic Ores, Phosphate
Rock, Asbestos, Overburden from Uranium
Mining, and Oil Shale. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
D. Derkics. Dec 85,293p EPA/530/SW-85/033
Report to Congress on Mining Wastes presents the re-
sults of studies carried out pursuant to Sections
8002(f) and (p) of the Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act of 1976, as amended. The Report provides
a comprehensive assessment of possible adverse ef-
fects on human health and the environment from the
disposal and utilization of solid waste from the extrac-
tion and beneficiation of ores and minerals.
Keywords: 'Mining, 'Resource recovery acts, Ab-
stracts, Health hazards, Environmental effects, Miner-
al wastes.
PB88-163019/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Toxic Air Pollutant/Source Crosswalk: Informa-
tion Storage and Retrieval System User's Manual.
Final rept.
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Durham, NC.
Dec 87, 61 p* EPA/450/4-87/023B
Contract EPA-68-02-3887
See also PB88-161146. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The report presents instructions on the Toxic Air Pol-
lutant Crosswalk System that was developed to allow
easy access and updates to the crosswalk data pre-
sented in the accompanying EPA report, Toxic Air Pol-
lutant/Source Crosswalk - A Screening Tool For Lo-
cating Possible Source Emitting Toxic Air Pollutants,
EPA-450/4-87-023a. The software system is an IBM
PC based application that contains a listing of industri-
al source categories (SIC Codes), emitting source
classifications (SCC codes), and their likely associated
pollutants. The crosswalk program has modules that
allow users to add, delete, edit, or browse specific data
and to print tables contained in the accompanying
crosswalk document. EPA is making available the
system and data and data base records to agency
users on three high-density diskettes. The purpose of
the report is to document the usage of the system. The
system was designed as a tool to develop the report,
Toxic Air Pollutant/Source Crosswalk - A Screening
Tool For Locating Possible Sources Emitting Toxic Air
Pollutant.
Keywords: 'Information retrieval, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'Air pollution, Manuals, Information systems,
"Toxic substances, Crosswalk systems.
PB88-163027/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
It's Your Choice: A Guidebook for Local Officials
on Small Community Wastewater Management
Options,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of the Assistant Administrator for Water.
P. E. Shanaghan, J. E. Flowers, A. E. Krause, D. C.
Niehus, and K. C. Wiswall. Sep 87,74p* EPA/430/9-
87/006
The Environmental Protection Agency prepared the
booklet specifically for the small community official to
assist him in solving its existing wastewater problems
and address its future wastewater treatment needs.
Keywords: 'Communities, 'Sewage treatment. Manu-
als, Instructions, Septic tanks, Design, Installing, Main-
tenance, Pumping, Sewers, Vacuum pumps, Com-
bined sewers, Performance evaluation, Small commu-
nities. Gravity sewers.
PB88-163787/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Waste Minimization: Hazardous and Non-Hazard-
ous Solid Waste (1980 to Present). Information
fuide 1980-87,
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Information Management and Services Div.
S. A. Richard, and A. Berger. Sep 87,187p* EPA/
IMSD-87/007
The minimization of hazardous and non-hazardous
solid waste has become an increasingly important
topic in recent years. More and more, people are be-
coming concerned that the country's landfills are near-
ing capacity, and that hazardous and non-hazardous
solid wastes pose a severe threat to human health and
the environment. Federal, State, and local govern-
ments have been grappling with methods for minimiz-
ing wastes through source reduction and recycling.
The bibliography, which also reflects current interest in
used oil, includes citations from journal articles, books,
government reports and bibliographies, conference
proceedings, scientific and technical papers, and
speeches. Citations were selected for their relevance
to EPA information needs. The bibliography is divided
into sections on Hazardous Waste, Used Oil, and Non-
Hazardous Solid Waste.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, 'Waste management,
'Solid wastes, Recycling, Oils, State government, Leg-
islation, 'Hazardous wastes.
PB88-164355/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD. Div. of Cancer
Etiology.
Proceedings of the NCI/EPA/NIOSH (National
Cancer Institute/Environmental Protection
Agency/National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health) Collaborative Workshop (4th):
Progress on Joint Environmental and Occupation-
al Cancer Studies Held at Rockvllle, Maryland on
April 22-23,1988,
Birch and Davis Associates, Inc., Silver Spring, MD.
T. P. Cameron, R. H. Adamson, and I. C. Blackwood.
Apr 86,434p* NIH/PUB-88-2960
See also Proceedings of 3rd Workshop, PB86-135753.
Sponsored by National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD.
Div. of Cancer Etiology, National Inst, for Occupational
Safety and Health, Rockville, MD., and Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
A collaborate and exchange program on Environmen-
tal and Occupational Cancer Studies supported by the
Cancer Institute under an interagency agreement with
Environmental Protection Agency and National Insti-
tute of Occupational Safety and Health.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, 'industrial medi-
cine, 'Meetings, Exposure, Toxicity, Inspection, Haz-
ardous materials, 'Toxic substances, 'Occupational
safety and health, 'Indoor air pollution, "Cancer.
PB88-165675/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Soil Screening Survey at Four Midwestern Sites.
Environmental Protection Agency, Westlake, OH. En-
vironmental Services Div.
Jun 85,163p EPA/905/4-85/005
In response to concerns about possible adverse public
health impacts of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
(2378-TCDD) and other toxic chemicals in Midland,
Michigan, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) has initiated a series of multi-media environ-
mental studies in the Midland area. The major purpose
of these studies is to define current environmental
levels of 2378-TCDD and other toxic pollutants such
that public health officials can make assessments re-
garding the potential public health risks associated
with exposures in the area. The studies are also fo-
cused on determining the source or sources of these
pollutants, and providing additional information and
data which will be useful to the state of Michigan and
the USEPA for environmental permitting for the Dow
Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan plant.
Keywords: "Separation, 'Soil surveys, "Hazardous
materials, Sampling, Quality control, Toxicity, Risk, Ex-
posure, Waste water, Environmental impacts. Public
health, Organic compounds, Sources, Licenses, Michi-
gan, Midwestern Region(United States), Dioxin.
PB88-165683/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Selection Guide for Volatilization Technologies
for Water Treatment. Final rept. Feb 84-Jun 84,
IT Corp., Knoxville, TN.
J. L. Fleming. Feb 88,130p* EPA/600/2-88/014
Contract EPA-68-03-3069
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The guide presents a methodology for evaluating ap-
plicability of volatilization technologies for removing
volatile organics from water. The volatilization technol-
ogies assessed in the study include: surface sprayers,
surface aerators, bubble columns, cooling towers,
steam strippers, unaided evaporation from an im-
poundment, spray columns, and packed air stripping
columns. The guide enables users to assess perform-
ance and cost under a variety operating conditions
(e.g., temperature, influent concentration, allowable
liquid and gas effluent concentration, and flow rates)
for representative equipment designs that could be
transported on a trailer 2.4 m wide, 13.7 m long, with a
maximum height of 4.1 m. The designs are used as a
basis to calculate representative contaminant removal
efficiency, treatment rates, air emissions, and treat-
ment costs of each technology. A key parameter used
in assessing these technologies is the Kenry's Law
constant (H). A tabulation of available values of H is
provided for volatiles designated as hazardous, by the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensa-
tion, and Liability Act (CERCLA). Methods for estimat-
ing H are also described. Qualitative guidance is pro-
vided on other factors that should be considered
during site-specific assessments of the technical and
economic feasibility of volatilization technologies.
Offgas treatment is not described. An example prob-
lem is solved to demonstrate the methodology.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, Performance evaluation,
'Water pollution control, Volatile organic compounds,
'Volatilization.
PB88-16S691/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Collaborative Study of the Toxicity Characterle-
tlcs Leaching Procedure (TCLP),
S-Cubed, La Jolla, CA.
W. B. Blackburn, I. Show, D. R. Taylor, and P. J.
Marsden. Dec 87,86p* EPA/600/4-87/045
Contract EPA-68-03-1958
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency
has developed a new procedure, the Toxicity Charac-
teristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP), to more effec-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tively simulate the leaching of hazardous materials
from waste disposed in an unsecured landfill. The pro-
cedure involves (1) an 18-hour extraction of a sample
with sodium acetate solution and (2) the subsequent
analysis of the leachate for metals, pesticides, semivo-
latile organics, and volatile organic compounds. To
validate the method for all but the volatile organic ana-
lytes, 3 waste samples at 2 different pH levels were
sent to 23 different volunteer government and com-
mercial laboratories for extraction and analysis. For
validation of the TCLP procedure involving determina-
tion of volatile organic compounds, two fortified waste
samples were distributed to each participating labora-
tory.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Hazardous materials, Leach-
ing, Solid wastes, Liquid wastes, Contaminants, Detec-
tion, Waste disposal, Toxicity characteristic leaching
procedure, 'Waste management.
PB88-165709/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Interim Protocol for Measuring Microbial Trans-
formation Rate Constants for Suspended Bacte-
rial Populations In Aquatic Systems,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
W. C. Steen. Feb 88,20p* EPA/600/3-88/007
The report represents an interim protocol for perform-
ing research to measure microbial degradation rates of
organic chemicals in freshwaters. For chemicals, a
major transformation pathway influencing their envi-
ronmental fate is microbial degradation. The interim
protocol presented provides a basis for measurement
of microbial degradation rates such that reliable, com-
parable and consistent data can be obtained by differ-
ent laboratories and investigators. As additional re-
search and information is gathered on the environ-
mental factors affecting microbial degradation by sus-
pended bacterial populations in freshwaters, the out-
lined protocol will be modified.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Field tests, Freshwater,
Aquatic microbiology, Water chemistry, 'Microbial
degradation, Biodegradation, Protocols.
PBB8-165717/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Wet Deposition and Snowpack Monitoring,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
B. C. Hess, J. E. Rocchio, D. J. Chaloud, L. J. Arent,
and J. L. Engels. Jan 88,134p* EPA/600/4-88/009
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
See also PB87-212817. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Accurate measurement of snowfall is critical to the as-
sessment of acidic deposition trends, particularly in
areas where snow represents 30 percent or more of
the annual precipitation. Such areas include the inter-
mountain west, characterized by complex topography
and (Heterology, heavy precipitation, and extreme
cold. A study was conducted in the spring of 1987 to
evaluate the performance of selected equipment in
complex high ajtitude terrain. The instruments select-
f? j i eva'ua''on included the Aerochem Metrics
Model 301 wet/dry deposition collector, Belfort Model
5780 weighing rain gage, and the U.S. Geological
Survey designed 46-cm bulk samplers. All instruments
were installed on a platform above the expected snow-
pack at the University of Denver High Altitude Labora-
tory, located near Mount Evans in Colorado.
Keywords: 'Instruments, 'Collecting methods, 'Snow,
Acidity, Manuals, Quality control, Reliability, Sampling,
Terrain, Standards, Acid precipitation.
PB88-165782/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Critical Responses of Populations of Crustacea to
Toxicants. Environmental research brief,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
C. L. McKenney. Feb 86,10p EPA/600/M-86/004
Laboratory responses to both an organochlorinated
pesticide (endrin) and a carbamate pesticide (thioben-
carb) were characterized by modification of energy
metabolism in individual mysids and these results pre-
ceded lower secondary production rates caused by the
same compounds. Sublethal exposure of estuarine
mvsids to concentrations of these pesticides, which
initially elevated mysid respiration, eventually inhibited
growth and reproductive capacity of isolated mysid
populations in the laboratory. Results of these labora-
tory studies were confirmed in a field study, indicating
that physiological measurements of metabolic dys-
function in mysids exposed sublethally to pesticides
may be used to predict altered production rates in
mysid populations.
Keywords: "Toxicology, 'Pesticides, Chlorine organic
compounds, Growth inhibitors, Reproduction(Biology),
Crustacea, Reprints, Endrin, Thiobencarb, Mysids.
PB88-165790/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
U.S. Production of Manufactured Gases: Assess-
ment of Past Disposal Practices,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
S. M. Harkins, R. S. Truesdale, R. Hill, P. Hoffman, and
S. Winters. Feb 88,41 Op* EPA/600/2-88/012
Contract EPA-68-01 -6826
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Former sites of gas manufacture present problems for
remediation and reuse of the sites. In some cases, pol-
luted groundwater and surface waters are near the
sites. The study examines the history of the manufac-
tured-gas industry of the United States, its production
processes, disposal trends, waste toxicity, methods of
site investigation, and the current status of manufac-
tured-gas sites. The report is intended as a guide to
those who are examining and evaluating manufac-
tured-gas sites for either environmental risks or possi-
ble remediation. Six manufactured-gas sites and one
spent oxide disposal area were visited during the
project, and case studies were prepared for six former
gas-manufacturing sites, two byproduct tar utilization
facilities, a creosoting plant and a coal tar processor.
The current status of manufactured-gas sites in the
United States was determined by contacting State and
regional environmental officials and by discovering
how their regions were treating manufactured-gas
sites.
Keywords: 'Manufactured gas, "Waste disposal,
Ground water, Surface waters, Water pollution. Toxici-
ty, Sites, Evaluation, Industrial wastes, Oxides, Coal
tar, Assessments, Recommendations, Tables(Data),
Diagrams.
PB88-165923/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Neurotoxicology In Regulation and Risk Assess-
ment. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Neurotoxicology Div.
L. W. Reiter. 1987,17p EPA/600/J-87/198
Pub. in Developmental Pharmacology and Therapeu-
tics, v10 p354-368 1987.
The paper is to be published in the proceedings of a
conference on learning disabilities. It summarizes the
need for neurotoxicology data in risk assessment, the
regulatory agencies wnich have authority to require
toxicity testing, the overall process of risk assessment
and the proper role of neurotoxicology in the risk as-
sessment process. It also briefly discusses the EPA/
OTS guidelines for neurotoxicity testing.
Keywords: "Risk assessments, Regulations, Data,
Testing, Reprints, 'Neurotoxicology, Regulatory agen-
cies.
PB88-185931/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Mutagenesis of L5178Y/TK( + /-)-3.7.2C Mouse
Lymphoma Cells by the Clastogen Elllptlclne.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
M. M. Moore, K. H. Brock, C. L. Doerr, and D. M.
DeMarini. C1987,13p EPA/600/J-87/195
Pub. in Environmental Mutagenesis, v9 p161-170
1987. Prepared in cooperation with Environmental
Health Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
The antitumor drug ellipticine is clastogenic in CHO
cells (Bhuyan et al., 1972) but is only weakly mutagen-
ic at the hprt locus in CHO cells (DeMarini et al., 1983;
Singh and Gupta, 1983a,b). In the present study, the
mutagenic and clastogenic activities of ellipticine were
evaluated in L5178Y/TK + /- -3.7.2C mouse lym-
phoma cells. Unlike the results at the hprt locus, ellipti-
cine is a potent mutagen at the tk locus, with as little as
50 ng/ml producing 270 TK-deficient mutants/10 to
the 6th power survivors at approx. 50% survival (back-
ground = 72/10 to the 6th power survivors). This
same dose of ellipticine induced 44 aberrations per
100 metaphases (background = 5/100 cells). At 400
ng/ml, ellipticine induced over 1,000 mutants/10 to
the 6th power survivors at approx. 10% survival and
produced 242 aberrations/100 cells. Most of the aber-
rations were chromosome rather than chromatid
events. As expected for a compound acting primarily
by a clastogenic mechanism, almost all of the TK-defi-
cient mutants were small colonies. Thus, ellipticine is a
potent clastogen in both Chinese hamster cells and in
mouse lymphoma cells; however, it is a potent muta-
gen at only the tk locus and not at the hprt locus.
Keywords: "Lymphoma, Mice, Reprints, "Mutagene-
sis, Clastogen ellipticine.
PB88-165949/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pharmacologic Probing of Mercuric Chloride-In-
duced Renal Dysfunction In the Neonatal Rat
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. A. Gray, and R. J. Kavlock. 1987,8p EPA/600/J-87/
197
Pub. in Jnl. of Pharmacology and Experimental Thera-
peutics, v242 n1 p212-216 Jul 87.
Acetazolamide, furosemide, chlorothiazide and amilor-
ide are pharmacologic agents that act in the proximal
tubule, loop of Henle, early distal tubule and late distal
tubule, respectively. These diuretic agents were used
to evaluate the functional integrity of discrete seg-
ments of the nephron in the neonatal rat following
treatment with a known nephrotoxicant. Six-day old
rats were treated s.c. with the proximal tubule toxicant
mercuric chloride (1, or 3.16 mg/kg) or saline. Twenty-
four hr later, when evidence of mercuiy nephrotoxicity
is detectable, creatinine clearance (CCr) and the frac-
tional excretion (FE) of water and various components
of the filtrate were determined during a 2 hr clearance
period immediately following injection of a diuretic. The
effects of mercury (3.2 mg/kg) were consistent with its
ability to cause acute renal failure and proximal tubular
necrosis and also indicated an apparent disruption of
the cycling of urea in the nephron. A decrease in the
FE of water, combined sodium and potassium, and
total osmotic solutes indicated that the diuretic re-
sponse to acetazolamide was markedly attenuated in
the mercuric chloride treated pups whereas the re-
sponses to furosemide, chlorothiazide and amiloride
were not altered by mercury treatment.
Keywords: 'Pharmacologic agents, Diuretics, Rats,
Laboratory animals. Reprints, 'Mercuric chloride
Renal dysfunction.
PB88-165980/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Mutagenicity and Clastogenlcity of Tenlposlde
(VM-26) in L5178Y/TK( + /-)-3.7.2C Mouse Lyro-
Rhoma Cells. Journal article,
ealth Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
D. M. DeMarini, K. H. Brock, C. L. Doerr, and M. M
Moore. 1987,11 p EPA/600/J-87/196
Pub. in Mutation Research, v187 p141-149 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Environmental Health Re-
search and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The antitumor drug teniposide (VM-26) is a potent in-
ducer of DNA breaks (Long et al., Cancer Res
45:3106, 1985), but it is only weakly mutagenic at the
hprt locus in CHO cells (Singh and Gupta, Cancer
Res., 43:577, 1963). In the present study, the muta-
genic and clastogenic activities of teniposide were
evaluated in L5178Y/TK + /- -3.7.2C mouse lym-
phoma cells. While not a good mutagen at the hprt
locus, teniposide is a potent mutagen at the tk locus
with as little as 0.5 ng/ml producing 220 TK mutants/
ten to the 6th power survivors at 96% survival (back-
ground = 100/ten to the 6th power survivors). This
same dose of teniposide induced 38 aberrations per
100 metaphases (background = 7/100 cells). At 7 no/
ml, teniposide induced approximately 2,700 TK mu.
tants/ten to the 6th power survivors at approximated
10% survival. At the highest dose sampled for aberra
tion analysis (5 ng/ml), teniposide induced 244 aberra'
tions/100 cells. Most of the aberrations were chromo-
somal rather than chromatid events. As expected for a
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
compound acting primarily by a clastogenic mecha-
nism, most of the TK mutants were small colonies.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Mice, Cell cultures. Reprints,
'Mutagenesis, "Clastogenesis, 'Lymphoma, "Tenipo-
skte.
PB88-165998/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Development of an Intact Hepatocyte Activation
System for Routine Use with the Mouse Lym-
Rhoma Assay. Journal article,
ealth Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
K. H. Brock, M. M. Moore, and L. A. Oglesby. c1987,
13p EPA/600/J-87/194
Pub. in Environmental Mutagenesis, v9 p331-341
1987. Prepared in cooperation with Environmental
Health Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle
Park, NC., and Northrop Services, Inc., Research tri-
angle Park, NC.
The authors have developed a method for cocultivat-
ing primary rat hepatocytes with L5178Y/TK + /-
3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cells. The system should pro-
vide a means to simulate more closely in vivo metabo-
lism compared to metabolism by liver homogenates,
while still being useful for routine screening. Hepato-
cytes were isolated from 200-250 g adult male Spra-
gue-Dawley rats. Rapid attachment of the hepatocytes
(2 h) was obtained by using fibronectin-coated 25-cm2
tissue culture flasks. Several factors proved important
in obtaining optimal cocultivated mouse lymphoma cell
growth. These included maintaining the cocultivated
cultures on a rocker platform instead of stationary and
either (1) reducing the cocultivation time from 16 to 4 h
or (2) utilizing less than 1 x 10 to the 6th power hepato-
cytes per flask for 16-h exposures. CP, DMN, DMBA,
and B(a)P were used to demonstrate the capability of
the system to detect mutagens that require metabolic
activation.
Keywords: 'Hepatocytes, 'Lymphoma, In viro analy-
sis, Mice, Rats, Cell cultures, Reprints.
PB88-168004/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Mutagenicity and Clastogenlclty of Acrylamlde In
L5178Y Mouse Lymphoma Cells. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
M M. Moore, A. Amtower, C. Doerr, K. H. Brock, and K.
L. Dearfield. C1987,10p EPA/600/J-87/193
Pub. in Environmental Mutagenesis, v9 p261-267 May
87. Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Health
Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park,
NC.
Acrylamlde was tested without exogenous activation in
L5178Y/TK+/- 3.7.2C cells for mutation at the thymi-
dine kinase locus and for clastogenicity. Acrylamide
gave a positive induced mutagenic response (approxi-
mately 70 mutants/10 to the 6th power survivors)
when tested at 600-650 micrograms/ml. The highest
dose tested (850 micrograms/ml) resulted in an in-
duced mutant frequency of approximately 380 mu-
tants/10 to the 6th power survivors (survival = 13%).
Acrylamide induced almost exclusively small-colony
mutants, indicating that it might be acting by a clasto-
genic mechanism. As predicted, acrylamlde was clas-
togenic, inducing both chromatid and chromosome
breaks and rearrangements. A clearly positive clasto-
genic response was observed at both the 750 micro-
grams/ml and 850 micrograms/ml doses, which
showed 16 and 64 aberrations per 100 cells respec-
tively (background = 3 aberrations/ 100 cells). These
studies indicate that the L5178Y/TK+/- mouse lym-
phoma assay can detect some chromosomal muta-
gens (clastogens) that show little activity in other
single gene mutation assays, the CHO/HPRT and Sal-
monella.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Reprints, 'Mutagenesis,
'Clastogenesis, 'Acrylamide.
PBM-166061/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Laboratory Protocol for Determining Fate of
Waste Disposed In Deep Wells. Final rept. 16 Dec
86-30 Sep 87,
National Inst, for Petroleum and Energy Research,
Bartlesville, OK.
A. Q. Collins, and M. E. Crocker. Feb 88,75p EPA/
600/8-88/008
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
The objective of the research was to develop a proto-
col to evaluate organic hazardous waste for mobility,
adsorption, and degradation potential under simulated
subsurface geologic reservoir temperatures and pres-
sures. To achieve the objective three areas of work
were addressed. The first area was an assessment of
prior research conducted on deep-well organic waste
disposal and areas where additional information on
degradation, mobility, and ultimate fate is needed. The
second area addressed the experimental conditions
which are necessary to develop a laboratory protocol
to determine the fate of deep-well disposed organic
wastes. The third area was the development of the
protocol itself. The laboratory protocol described in the
report provides data needed to predict the fate of
deep-well injected wastes. The knowledge is neces-
sary to ensure that deep-well injected wastes do not
contaminate ground waters.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Injection wells,
Waste disposal, Phenols, Tests, Laboratories, Organic
compounds, Deep wells, Degradation, Ground water.
PB88-166772/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Effect of Low-Level Lead Exposure on Pediatric
Neurobehavioral and Physical Development: Cur-
rent Findings and Future Directions. Symposium
paper,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
L. D. Grant, and J. M. Davis. Jan 87,84p* EPA/600/D-
87/361
Studies of the relationship between lead exposure and
the physical and neurobehavioral development of chil-
dren constitute an important part of the scientific foun-
dation for regulatory policies in many countries. The
United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.
EPA) recently evaluated information on these and
other health effects of lead in a 1986 document, Air
Quality Criteria for Lead, which included an Addendum
reviewing newly emerging results from longitudinal
studies of various populations of children. The present
paper summarizes and updates the information con-
sidered by the U.S. EPA in evaluating the effects of
lead on child development. In addition, the paper notes
some of the policy issues arising out of such evalua-
tions and suggests some future research directions for
follow-up. The dose-response relationships for various
effects of lead on child development across a wide
range of lead exposure levels are discussed, with par-
ticular attention to the effects of low-level lead expo-
sure.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), 'Toxicology, Children,
Humans, Exposure, Development, Neurobehavior,
'Neurotoxicity.
PB88-166780/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Waste Minimization Audit Report: Case Studies of
Minimization of Solvent Wastes and Electroplat-
ing Wastes at a DOD (Department of Defense) In-
stallation,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
M. Drabkin, and P. Sylvestri. Feb 88,84p* EPA/600/2-
88/010
Contract EPA-68-01-7053
See also PB88-166798, and PB87-227013. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
The report results of a waste minimization audit carried
out in 1987 at a tank reconditioning facility operated by
the DOD. The audit team developed recommendations
for reducing the generation F006 wastewater treat-
ment sludge, and F002, and F004 solvent wastes. In
addition to detailing recommendations for the subject
streams the report outlines the US EPA recommended
procedure for conducting waste minimization audits.
Keywords: 'Auditing, 'Waste management, 'Solvents,
Chemical wastes, Electroplating.
PB88-166798/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Waste Minimization Audit Report: Case Studies of
Minimization of Mercury-Bearing Wastes at a Mer-
cury Cell Chloralkall Plant,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
M. Drabkin, and E. Rissmann. Feb 88,104p* EPA/
600/2-88/011
Contract EPA-68-01-7053
See also PB88-166780. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste
Engineering Research Lab.
The report documents the results of waste minimiza-
tion audits carried out at two mercury cell chloralkall
plants in 1987. The audit addressed to waste streams,
K-071 -brine purification muds, and K-106-wastewater
treatment sludges from Mercury cell processes in
chlorine production. Several possible options are re-
viewed for each waste stream. Environmentally avail-
able treatment scheme identified the most cost effec-
tive sollutions for both streams. In addition to reporting
in the results of the particular audit studies, the report
also outlines the EPA recommended procedure for
conducting waste minimization audits.
Keywords: 'Auditing, 'Waste management, 'Sludge,
Mercury(Metal), Chlorine, Resource Recovery Acts,
Waste disposal acts.
PB88-166806/HSU	PC E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Fundamental Combustion Research Applied to
Pollution Formation.
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
Jan 88,1122p-in3v
Set includes PB88-166814 through PB88-166830.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Combustion, 'Air pollution, Vapor phase,
Nitrogen oxides, Oxidation, Hydrocarbons, Stationary
sources, Gas phase.
PB88-166814/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Fundamental Combustion Research Applied to
Pollution Formation. Volume 2A. Physics and
Chemlatry of Two-Phase Systems: Flame Com-
bustion Processes,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
W. R. Seeker, and M. P. Heap. Jan 88, 282p EPA/600/
7-88/001A
Contract EPA-68-02-2631
See also Volume 1, PB86-122660, and Volume 2B,
PB88-166822. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB88-
166806.
The reports included in the three-part volume describe
eight studies by various investigators, to better under-
stand the physics and chemistry of two-phase com-
bustion with respect to pollution formation. Volume lla
describes mechanisms of fuel nitrogen processing in
large-scale utility flames burning pulverized coal and
heavy fuel oils, in three parts: (1) high temperature de-
composition and combustion of pulverized coal
(EERC); (2) detailed measurement of long pulverized
coal flames for the characterization of pollutant forma-
tion (International Flame Research Foundation); and
(3) heavy oil combustion in shear layers (United Tech-
nologies Research Center).
Keywords: 'Combustion, 'Air pollution, Vapor phase,
Nitrogen oxides, Oxidation, Hydrocarbons, Stationary
sources, Gas phase.
PB88-166822/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Fundamental Combustion Research Applied to
Pollution Formation. Volume 2B. Physics and
Chemistry of Two-Phase Systems: DevolatlHza-
tlon and Volatile Reactions,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
W. R. Seeker, and M. P. Heap. Jan 88,378p EPA/600/
7-88/001B
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Contract EPA-68-02-2631
See also Volume 2A, PB88-166814, and Volume 2C,
PB88-166830. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB88-
166806.
The reports included in the three-part volume describe
eight studies by various investigators, to better under-
stand the physics and chemistry of two-phase com-
bustion with respect to pollution formation. Volume lib
gives information on the influence of various combus-
tion parameters (i.e., fuel type, stoichiometry, resi-
dence time, temperature, and mixing) on the fate of
volatile fuel nitrogen, in four parts: (1) method for char-
acterization of coal during thermal decomposition
(United Technologies Research Center); (2) the volatil-
ity of fuel nitrogen species (Rockwell); (3) stirred reac-
tor study of pollutant formation from combusting pul-
verized coal clouds (Acurex); and, (4) pollutant forma-
tion from combustion of fuel oils in a well mixed com-
bustor (Battelle).
Keywords; 'Combustion, * Air pollution, Vapor phase,
Nitrogen oxides, Oxidation, Hydrocarbons, Stationary
sources, Gas phase.
PB88-166830/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Fundamental Combustion Research Applied to
Pollution Formation. Volume 2C. Physics and
Chemistry of Two-Phase Systems: Heterogene-
ous NO Reduction,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
W. R. Seeker, M. P. Heap, andT. J. Tyson. Jan 88,
462p EPA/600/7-88/001 C
Contract EPA-68-02-2631
See also Volume 2B, PB88-166822. Sponsored by En-
vironmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB88-
166806.
The reports included in the three-part volume describe
eight studies by various investigators, to better under-
stand the physics and chemistry of two-phase com-
bustion with respect to pollution formation. Volume lie
gives information on the kinetic rates and mechanisms
of nitrogen oxide (NO) reduction on solid particles, in
three parts: (1) trials on NO and NH3, alumina, quartz,
graphite and soot; (2) comparative study of coal and
char; and (3) trials on flyashes and study of reactions
involving hydrogen cyanide.
Keywords: "Combustion, "Air pollution, Vapor phase,
Nitrogen oxides, Oxidation, Hydrocarbons, Stationary
sources, Gas phase.
PB88-166863/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
®u'd® to the Application of Quality Assurance
Data to Routine Survey Data Analysis,
Nevada Univ., Las Vegas.
^ ^,au'sen' C- L. Chen, K. J. Stetzenbach, and M. J.
Miah. Jan 88,74p EPA/600/4-88/010
Grant EPA-R-812189
Prepared in cooperation with Lockheed Engineering
and Management Services Co., Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The National Surface Water Survey of the National
Acid Precipitation Assessment Program was designed
to evaluate the present status of the nation's surface
waters with regard to the problem of acidic precipita-
tion. The report provides assistance in utilizing the
quality assurance data when interpreting the routine
survey data. The quality assurance reports for each of
the surface water surveys, Eastern Lake Survey -
Phase I, Western Lake Survey - Phase I, National
Stream Survey - Phase I and Eastern Lake Survey -
Phase II provide detailed information on the detectabil-
ity, accuracy and precision of the routine lake data col-
lected within each of these surveys. The data con-
tained in the quality assurance reports pertaining to
each of these issues can provide additional informa-
tion which can enhance the analysis of the routine lake
data and extend the applicability of the survey data
beyond the original intent by providing future investiga-
tors the kind of detailed information about the quality
of the data which is necessary when applying the data
to studies for which it was not designed.
Keywords: "Surface waters, "Quality assurance, "Sur-
veys, Data collection, Sampling, Quality control, Accu-
racy, Precision, Errors, Acid precipitation.
PB88-166897/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Acid Precipitation in North America: 1985 Annual
and Seasonal Data Summaries from Acid Deposi-
tion System Data Base,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
J. K. Sweeney, and A. R. Olsen. Nov 87,461p* EPA/
600/4-87/035
See also report for 1984, PB87-165551. Sponsored by
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
The report gives a summary of 1985 wet deposition
precipitation chemistry data collected in North America
and available in the Acid Deposition System (ADS)
data base. North American wet deposition monitoring
networks with data in ADS are NADP/NTN, CANSAP,
APN, UAPSP, MAP3S/PCN, WISC, and APIOS. An
overview of each network is given. Annual statistical
summaries for 1985 are provided for pH, specific con-
ductance, hydrogen ion (derived from pH), and the ion
species sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, calcium, chloride,
sodium, magnesium and potassium. Based on the
annual summaries, 1985 North American spatial iso-
pleth maps are constructed for precipitation weighted
mean pH, sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium ion concen-
trations, and annual deposition of hydrogen, sulfate
and nitrate and ammonium ion species.
Keywords: "Information systems, "Air pollution, pH,
Ion, Sulfates, Inorganic nitrates, Ammonia, Data, Sam-
pling, North America, "Acid deposition system, "Acid
rain, Wet deposition.
PB88-167010/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Propanii as the Active Ingre-
dient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 87,127p EPA/540/RS-88/031
See also PB85-102705.
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxicology, Standards, Regu-
lations, Manufacturing, Chemistry, Residues, Ecology,
Path of pollutants, "Propanii, CAS 709-98-8, Propion-
anilide/dichloro.
PB88-167481/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Rocky Mountain Acid Deposition Model Assess-
ment: Evaluation of Mesoscale Acid Deposition
Models for Use in Complex Terrain,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
R. E. Morris, R. C. Kessier, S. G. Douglas, and K. R.
Styles. Feb 88,241 p* EPA/600/3-88/008
Contract EPA-68-02-4187
See also PB87-180584.Portions of this document are
not fully legible. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospher-
ic Sciences Research Lab.
The report includes an evaluation of candidate meteor-
ological models and add deposition models. The
hybrid acid deposition/air quality modeling system for
the Rocky Mountains makes use of a mesoscale mete-
orological model, which includes a new diagnostic
wind model, as a driver for a Lagrangian puff model
that treats transport, dispersion, chemical transforma-
tion, and dry and wet deposition. Transport will be de-
fined from the diagnostic wind model based on the
wind at the puff center. The treatment of dispersion will
be based on the parameterization in the PNL/
MELSAR-POLUT, while retraining the MESOPUFF-II
dispersion algorithms as an option. Based on the eval-
uation of the chemical mechanisms, the RIVAD chem-
istry appears to be the most scientifically sound, as
well as consistent, with the Lagrangian puff model for-
mulation. Dry deposition will use the CCADM dry depo-
sition module with some minor adjustments. Wet depo-
sition will be based on the scavenging coefficient ap-
proach as used in the ERT/MESOPUFF-II.
Keywords: "Meteorology, "Model tests, "Air pollution.
Terrain, Airborne wastes, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur,
"Acid rain, "Complex terrain, Rocky Mountain
Region(United States).
PB88-168224/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Diesel Particulate Study. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Oct 83,294p
The purpose of the study is to provide a comprehen-
sive assessment of the costs and environmental ef-
fects of the control of diesel particulate emissions and
to recommend a regulatory strategy for their control,
As such, the study expands, updates and combines
the regulatory analyses supporting the light-duty diesel
particulate final rule and the heavy-duty diesel particu-
late proposed rule. The study identifies current and
future diesel particulate emissions and exposure
levels, assess the health and welfare impact of diesel
particulate, and estimate the costs of controlling diesel
particulate emissions to various levels. The study also
integrates these aspects of diesel particulate control
and will develop, evaluate, and recommend a regula-
tory control strategy.
Keywords: "Diesel engines, "Exhaust emissions, Air
pollution. Regulations, Air pollution control. Exposure,
Risk, Cost analysis, Environmental impacts, Motor ve-
hicles, Air quality.
PB88-168463/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Progress In the Prevention and Control of Air Pol-
lution in 1986. Annual rept. (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jan 88,106p* EPA/450/2-88/001
See also report for 1985, PB87-156691.
The report addresses the progress made in the pre-
vention and control of air pollution in 1986. It covers
the areas of air quality trends and monitoring, develop-
ing of air quality criteria and standards, the status of
State implementation plans, the control of stationary
and mobile source emissions, enforcement, and litiga-
tion. The report is the annual report of the Administra-
tor of EPA to the Congress in compliance with Sec-
tions 313, 202(b)(4), and 306 of the Clean Air Act as
amended.
Keywords: * Air pollution control, Trends, Mathematical
models, Particles, Sulfur dioxide, National government,
Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Sampling,
Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Ozone, "Air qual-
ity, "Clean Air Act.
PB88-168588/HSU	PC A06/MF AOI
Guidance for the Registration of Pesticide
Products Containing Asulam as the Active Inore-
dlent.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 87,121p EPA/540/RS-88/032
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain,
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arrMfa
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxicology, Standards. Car-
bamates. Regulations, Manufacturing, Chemistry, Real
idues, Ecology, "Asulam, CAS 3337-71-1, Paths of
pollutants.	- (
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-168968/HSU	PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Fundamental Combustion Research Applied to
Pollution Formation. Volume 3. Support Studies:
Measurement Studies. Final rept. Jan 77-Sep 80,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
W. R. Seeker, and M. P. Heap. Feb 88.497p EPA/
600/7-88/002
Contract EPA-68-02-2631
See also Volume 4, PB88-144001. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report, one of four volumes describing research
performed under EPA's Fundamental Combustion Re-
search (FCR) Applied to Pollution Formation Program,
gives results of three studies related to measurement
system evaluations. Section I documents an evalua-
tion of the performance and potential measurement
biases of chemiluminescent NOx analyzers. The study
evaluates commercial instruments operating with low-
and atmospheric-pressure reaction chambers. Section
II documents an assessment of various techniques
used to measure nitrogenous intermediates from
staged combustion processes. The study focuses on
an evaluation of specific ion electrodes for measure-
ment of hydrogen cyanide and ammonia concentra-
tions generated in staged combustion flames. Empha-
sis was on development of sampling techniques and
evaluation of potential biases in specific ion electrode
analysis. Section III documents an evaluation of three
laser-based techniques (based on interlerometry, ho-
lography, and laser diffraction) for measuring charac-
teristics of sprays. Results are presented from applica-
tion of these techniques for measurement of droplet
size distribution produced by a commercial liquid spray
nozzle.
Keywords: 'Combustion, 'Air pollution control, Meas-
urement, Nitrogen oxides, Interferometers, Hologra-
phy, Lasers, Stationary sources, Chemiluminescence.
PB88-168992/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Assessment of S02 and NOx Emission Control
Technology in Europe. Final rept. Apr 86-Mar 87,
Ellison Consultants, Monrovia,, MD.
W. Ellison. Feb 88,88p EPA/600/2-88/013
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report is a compilation of information on the cur-
rent status of abatement technology used to control
major air pollutants, including S02 and NOx, in
Europe. It focuses on flue gas sulfurization (FGD),
combustion modification (CM), and selective catalytic
reduction (SCR) of NOx. Information presented was
Pathered from utility company representatives and
GD, CM, and SCR process developers, as well as
from the author's research. Current air pollution regu-
lations in Europe, related problems, operational pa-
rameters of commercial FGD and SCR plants, FGD
and SCR economics, and the author's evaluation of
the processes are also described.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Ni-
trogen oxides, Emission, Flue gases, Desulfurizatlon,
Combustion, Catalysis, Boilers, Waste water, Europe,
West Germany, Stationary sources.
PB88-169040/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Review of the Mutagenicity of Chloroform. Journal
article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Reproductive Effects Assessment Group.
S. L. Rosenthal. 1987, 18p EPA/600/J-87/241
Pub. in Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis,
v10p211-2261987.
Although chloroform (CHCI3) is metabolized in vivo
and in vitro to a substance that covalently interacts
with protein and lipid, its potential for binding to DNA is
low. in addition, most of the assays for genotoxicity are
negative. However, many of the genotoxicity results
are inconclusive because of inadequacies in the ex-
perimental protocols. The types of genotoxicity tests
this report is based on include bacterial, yeast, host-
mediated, Drosophila sex-linked recessive lethal,
mammalian cell mutagenicity, sperm head abnormali-
ty, cytogenetic, and DNA damage. On the basis of
presently available information, no definitive conclu-
sion on the mutagenic potential of CHCI3 can be
reached.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Review, Reprints, "Chloro-
form, 'Mutagenesis, Genotoxicity.
PB88-169099/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Mutagenicity Assessment of Acetaldehyde. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Reproductive Effects Assessment Group.
V. L. Dellarco. 1988, 22p EPA/600/J-88/001
Pub. in Mutation Research, v195 p1 -20 1988.
Acetaldehyde has been shown in studies by several
different laboratories to be a clastogen and inducer of
sister chromatid exchanges in cultured mammalian
cells. Although there have been very few studies in
intact mammals, the available evidence suggests that
acetaldehyde produces similar cytogenetic effects in
vivo. The production of cytogenetic abnormalities may
be related to the ability of acetaldehyde to form DNA-
DNA and/or DNA-protein cross-links. Acetaldehyde
apparently has not been evaluated for its ability to
cause gene mutations in cultured mammalian cells, but
has been shown to produce sex-linked recessive leth-
als in Drosophila. In general, bacterial tests have been
negative. Although acetaldehyde is a genotoxic cross-
linking agent, it does not appear to cause DNA strand
breaks. There were no studies available regarding the
potential of acetaldehyde to produce genetic damage
in mammalian germ cells in vivo.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Acetaldehyde, Reviews, Re-
prints, 'Mutagenesis.
PB88-169115/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Draft Regulatory Impact Analysis and Oxides of
Nitrogen Pollutant Specific Study. Control of Air
Pollution from New Motor Vehicles and New
Motor Vehicle Engines: Gaseous Emission Regu-
lations for 1987 and Later Mqdel Year Light-Duty
Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks, and Heavy-Duty En-
gines; Particulate Emission Regulations for 1987
and Later Model Year Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Office of Mobile Sources.
1987, 361 p
The document summarizes the results of analyses
conducted in support of proposed nitrogen oxide
(NOx) emission standards for 1987 and later model
year light duty trucks and the NOx and particulate
standards for 1987 and later model year heavy-duty
engines. (49 FR 40258, October 15,1984). The analy-
ses include consideration of the costs and benefits of
the proposed action as well as a comparison of the
proposed action with alternative regulatory approach-
es. The report also includes the environmental impact
analyses for NOx and diesel particulate standards.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Air pollution, "Regula-
tions, "Economic impact, "Exhaust emissions, Stand-
ards, Concentration(Composition), Benefit cost analy-
sis, Substitutes, Assessments, Toxicity, Public health,
"National ambient air quality standards, "Air pollution
abatement.
PB88-169131/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Occurrence of 'Cryptosporidium' Oocysts in
Sswage Effluents and Selected Surface Waters.
Journal article,
Arizona Univ., Tucson.
M. S. Madore, J. B. Rose, C. P. Gerba, M. J. Arrowood,
and C. R. Sterling. C1987,6p EPA/600/J-87/212
Grant EPA-R-813536
Pub. in Jnl. of Parasitology, v73 n4 p702-705 Aug 87.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
An existing method for the detection of Cryptospori-
dium oocysts in water was modified to investigate
oocyst prevalence in large volumes of water. Surface
waters and sewage effluents were filtered, eluted from
the filter, and concentrated using centrifugation. The
resultant pellet was then homogenized, sonicated, and
placed on a sucrose gradient to separate oocysts from
the sediment. The uppermost gradient layer was then
examined by immunofluorescence using a labeled
monoclonal antibody. Using the technique, average
numbers of oocysts detected in raw and treated
sewage were 5.18 x 10 and 1.30 x 101 /L, respectively.
Filtered sewage effluents had significantly lower num-
bers of oocysts (10.0/L). These data show that sand
filtration may reduce the concentrations of this para-
site in waste waters. Highly variable oocyst numbers
were encountered in surface waters. Since Crypto-
sporidium oocysts are frequently present in environ-
mental waters, they could be responsible for water-
borne outbreaks of disease.
Keywords: "Surface waters, 'Sewage effluents, Re-
prints, 'Cryptospordium.
PB88-169149/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Mutagenicity and Clastogenicity of Adrlamycln in
L5178Y/TK+/- 3.7.2C Mouse Lymphoma Cells.
Journal article,
Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
M. M. Moore, K. H. Brock, C. L. Doerr, and D. M.
DeMarini. C1987,8p EPA/600/J-87/211
Contract EPA-68-02-4031
Pub. in Mutation Research, v191 p183-188 1987.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Adriamycin was a potent mutagen at the tk locus of
L5178Y/TK+/- -3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cells. A
dose of 5 ng/ml gave total mutant frequencies of 417/
ten to the 6th power survivors (background = 110/ten
to the 6th power; survival = 62%) and 350/ten to the
6th power survivors (background = 54/ten to the 6th
power; survival = 64%) in the two experiments. The
dose was also clastogenic, producing 23 aberrations/
100 cells (background = 3/100) (Table 1). The high-
est dose analyzed for aberration induction (11 ng/ml)
gave 105 aberrations/100 cells, with the concurrently
treated culture showing a mutant frequency of 1,032/
ten to the 6th power survivors (background =110/ ten
to the 6th power). Adriamycin was selected for these
studies because it was known to induce a low mutant
frequency at the hprt locus, but yet to be a potent clas-
togen. The authors have recently been evaluating a
series of agents that induce low mutant frequencies at
the hprt locus, but that are known to be clastogens.
These agents, like adriamycin, were clearly mutagenic
at the tk locus, induced primarily small colonies, and
also induced aberrations in mouse lymphoma cells.
These results are consistent with the hypothesis that
the tk locus of mouse lymphoma cells can be used to
quantitate both intra- and intergenic mutations.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Mice, Cells(Biology), Reprints,
'Mutagenesis, 'Clastogenesis, 'Adriamycin.
PB88-169388/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
National Air Pollutant Emission Estimates, 1940-
1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jan 88, BOp* EPA/450/4-87/024
Supersedes PB87-181236.
The report presents estimates of trends in nationwide
air pollutant emissions for the six major pollutants:
sulfur oxides; particulates; carbon monoxide; volatile
organic compounds: nitrogen oxides; and, lead. Esti-
mates are broken down according to major types of air
pollutant sources. A short analysis of emission trends
is given, along with a discussion of methods used to
develop the data.
Keywords: 'Air pollution. Exhaust emissions, Trends,
ConcentrationfComposition), Sources, Particles,
Sulfur oxides, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides.
PB88-169487/HSU	CP T99
UNAMAP: User's Network for Applied Modeling of
Air Pollution, Version 8 (Revised). Model-Simula-
tion,
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
D. 8. Turner, and L. W. Bender. 4 Jan 88, mag tape
EPA/SW/MT-88/041
Supersedes PB86-222361.
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. Call NTIS
Computer Products if you have questions. Price in-
cludes 41 related documents.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
UNAMAP (VERSION 6) Dated 4 Jan 88 represents the
update to the Users Network for Applied Modeling of
Air pollution. UNAMAP consists of an ASCII magnetic
tape containing FORTRAN codes and test data for 24
Air Quality Simulation Models (AQSM) as well as asso-
ciated documentation. AQSM's and supporting pro-
grams and data are arranged in seven sections: Sec-
tion 1. Guideline (Appendix A) models..(file 2 through
9); Section 2. Other models or processors (New
models)..(files 10 through 19 and 33); Section 3. Other
models and processors (revised)..(files 20 through 27
and 32); Section 4. Additional models for regulatory
use (files 28 through 31); Section 5. Added
models, (file 69); Section 6. Data files..(files 34 through
39); Section 7. Output print files..(files 40 through 68 &
70). There are 70 files on the tape.
Keywords: "Models-simulation, 'Air pollution, 'Mathe-
matical models, 'Atmospheric diffusion, Magnetic
tapes, Fortran, Algorithms, Software, 'Air quality,
•UNAMAP models.
PB88-169594/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Guidance on Estimating Motor Vehicle Emission
Reductions from the Use of Alternative Fuels and
Fuel Blends. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
29 Jan 88, 87p* EPA/AA/TSS/PA-87/4
The document provides methods and assumptions for
estimating the impact of use of alternative fuels and
fuel blends on motor vehicle emissions including HC,
CO, and NOx. The information is presented in a format
which assumes it will be used by State and local air
quality planning agencies in preparing current and
future emissions inventories and emission reduction
strategies during 1988,1989, and 1990. Such planning
efforts will be necessary in areas which receive calls
from EPA for revisions to their ozone or CO State Im-
plementation Plans (SIP) following their failure to attain
(or in a few cases following their failure to provide for
attainment in a prospective sense) the National Ambi-
ent Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for these pollut-
ants. EPA has recently proposed requirements appli-
cable to these SIP calls (52 FR 45044, November 24,
1987), and many affected areas will need to estimate
current and future year motor vehicle emissions. Use
of alternative fuels and fuel blends is likely to be part of
future scenarios that will be examined in many areas.
Keywords: 'Fuels, "Exhaust emissions, 'Motor vehi-
cles, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen
oxides, State government, Ozone, "Air quality, 'Auto-
motive fuels, 'Alcohol fuels, "Ethanol fuels.
PB88-169784/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
SRF (State Water Pollution Control Revolving
Fund): Initial Guidance for State Revolving Funds.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Jan 88,104p*
The document represents the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency's (EPA) approach to implementation of
Title VI of the Clean Water Act (CWA), until interim final
regulations on selected provisions in the guidance are
issued. The release of the document marks a signifi-
cant step in the transition of the responsibility for fi-
nancing, constructing and managing municipal
wastewater treatment facilities from the Federal gov-
ernment to States and localities. It will assist EPA Re-
gions in their review of proposed State Water Pollution
Control Revolving Fund (SRF) programs and provide
States with initial guidance on applying for Capitaliza-
tion Grants.
Keywords: "Water pollution control. State government,
Financing, Grants. Local government, Guidelines, EPA
regions, Revolving funds, Funds.
PBB8-169891/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Heavy-Duty Engine Testing Report - Correlation
Testing of Isuzu 5.79L/JAMA Engine. Technical
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
T. M. Baines. Dec 87, 54p EPA/AA/SDSB-88/01
Supersedes PB87-234548.
The report describes the results of testing an Isuzu
5 79 L heavy-duty engine at the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency Motor Vehicle Emission Laboratory. The
correlation between the heavy-duty test facilities of a
manufacturer and EPA is important in that relatively
new transient heavy-duty engine testing procedures
have been implemented. The testing was conducted
to provide such correlation data for comparison with
similar data developed by four Japanese Automobile
Manufacturers Association (JAMA) member compa-
nies. Included in the report are descriptions of the
engine, fuel, test procedures and test plans.
Keywords: "Diesel engines, 'Emission, Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Tables(Data).
PB88-169917/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistratlon of Pesticide
Products Containing Chlorpropham as the Active
Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 87,164p* EPA/540/RS-88/033
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Standards, Regu-
lations, Manufacturing, Chemistry, Ecology, Path of
pollutants, "Chloropropham, Residues.
PB88-170048/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Cellular and Biochemical Changes in the Lower
Airways of Subjects Exposed to Ozone,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
H. S. Koren, R. B. Devlin, D. E. Graham, R. Mann, and
D. H. Horstman. Feb 88,29p EPA/600/D-88/031
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill. School of Medicine.
Although exposure of animals to ozone (03) has been
shown to impair host defense mechanisms and to
induce inflammation, very little is known about its in-
flammatory effects in humans. In the study, 11 healthy
males, age 18-35, were exposed to 0.4 ppm 03 or fil-
tered air for two hours with intermittent exercise. Eight-
een hours later, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was
performed. There was an 8.2-fold increase in the
number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), and
a corresponding decrease in the number of macro-
phages, indicative of an inflammatory response. No
significant change in the number of lymphocytes was
observed. A two-fold increase in the levels of classical
indicators of vascular permeability (protein and albu-
min) clearly indicated that an acute 03 exposure can
increase permeability. A selected number of biochemi-
cal markers known to be associated with inflammation
were examined. The results of the study show that an
acute exposure to 03 can result in increased levels of
inflammatory materials capable of producing patho-
physiological changes in the lower airways of humans.
Keywords: "Respiratory system, "Ozone, "Air pollu-
tion, Pathophysiology, Exposure, Inflammation, Cell
morphology, Biochemistry, "Air pollution
effects(Humans).
PB88-170055/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Assessing the Reliability of Flexible Membrane
Liners,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
R. P. Hartley. Feb 88, 21 p EPA/600/D-88/029
The reliance on flexible membrane lingrs (FML) has
arisen because they are impermeable to a variety of
waste chemicals and they are easily produced at rea-
sonable cost. Unfortunately, their long-term field per-
formance remains to be proven. A multitude of design,
construction, and operational factors has been identi-
fied as having greater or less potential for interfering
with FML performance. Many of these factors can
cause liner failure (leakage more than a specified
amount). All of the factors must be recognized and
their probability of occurrence and decree of perform-
ance interference estimated. From this information, a
reliability prediction model can be constructed. As data
on design, construction, operation, and actual per-
formance of land disposal systems accumulate, the
model can then be verified and refined. The FML
model will be integrated with similar analyses of other
system components into an overall land disposal
system reliability prediction model.
Keywords: "Linings, "Containers, "Hazardous wastes,
"Waste disposal, Storage, Leaching, Earth fills, Reli-
ability, Materials handling equipment.
PB88-170063/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Contributions of Water Filtration to Improving
Water Quality,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati. OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
G. S. Logsdon. Feb 88,47p EPA/600/D-88/028
A variety of water quality improvements can be accom-
plished by properly operated filtration plants. These in-
clude reduction of turbidity, micro-organisms, asbestos
fibers, color, trihalomethane precursors, and organlcs
adsorbed to particulate matter. The focus of the paper
is on the reduction of turbidity and microorganisms.
Historical data on water treatment are reviewed, and
typhoid fever death rates are compared for time peri-
ods before and after treatment. Generally water treat-
ment improvements were followed by declines in the
typhoid death rate. The paper also presents a review
of microorganism removal research in the context of
EPA's recently proposed Surface Water Treatment
Rule. Properly operated water filtration processes can
effectively remove microorganisms, and the Surface
Water Treatment Rule can nelp attain better plant op-
eration.
Keywords: "Fitration, "Water treatment, "Water qual-
ity, Microorganism control(Water), Turbidity, Typhoid,
Sand filters. Coagulation, Sedimentation, Chlorination,
Bacteria, Viruses, Surface waters, Potable water,
Drinking water.
PB88-170071/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Genotoxiclty and Identification of the Major DNA-
Adducts of Aceanthrylene,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
S. Nesnow, J. Ross, N. Mohapatra, R. Gupta, and R.
Sangaiah. Feb 88,15p EPA/600/D-88/026
Prepared in cooperation with Baylor Coll. of Medicine,
Houston, TX., and North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
Dept. of Environmental Sciences and Engineering.
Aceanthrylene (ACE), a cyclopenta-fused polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbon (CP-PAH) derivative of anthra-
cene has been shown to be highly mutagenic in Sal-
monella typhimurium strain TA98 (1). C3H10T1/2CL8
(C3H10T1/2) mouse embryo fibroblasts have been
used to study the metabolism and morphological
transforming ability of PAH and several CP-PAH (2-5).
The CP-PAH, cyclopenta(cd)pyrene and three of the
four possible cyclopenta-benz(a)anthracene isomers
were active in morphologically transforming
C3H10T1/2 cells. Cyclopenta(cd)pyrene and two of
the four possible isomers of cyclopenta-
benz(a)anthracene, benz(j)aceanthrylene, and
benz(l)aceanthrylene, were metabolized by C3H10T1/
2 cells to dihydrodiol metabolites including cyclopenta-
ring dihydrodiols. The study examines the ability of
ACE, the smallest linear-fused CP-PAH yet examined,
to be metabolized, to form DNA adducts, and to induce
morphological transformation in C3H10T1/2 mouse
embryo fibroblasts.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, "Deoxyribonucleic acids,
Identification, 'Genotoxicity, 'Aceanthrylene, Salmo-
nella typhimurium.
PB88-170089/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Mouse Skin Tumors as a Predictor of Human Lung
Cancer for Complex Emissions: An Overview,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. Nesnow. Feb 88,34p EPA/600/D-88/025
In the late 1970's, the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency assessed the impact of the diesel-powered
passenger automobile on the current fleet of gasoline
powerpFants. Little was known regarding the toxicoloa-
ical effects of exposure to diesel emissions, the com-
ponents of diesel exhaust, or their physical character-
istics. Although a number of epidemiological studies
had been completed, none showed a causal relation-
ship between exposure to diesel exhaust and an in-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
creased incidence in lung cancer. There were no well-
conducted studies in experimental animals which indi-
cated a cancer hazard by any route of administration.
A broad-range research program was initiated to study
the mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of diesel
engine emissions and other related complex mixture
samples. These studies featured a combined ap-
proach of analytical chemistry, genetic toxicity bioas-
say, and tumor bioassay to fully characterize both the
complex mixtures themselves as well as individual
components which might be responsible for biological
activities. The paper summarizes the approaches
taken and the results obtained and cities previously
published data. Also presented are some current re-
search efforts aimed at furthering our knowledge of
these relationships.
Keywords: 'Diesel engines, "Exhaust emissions, 'Car-
cinogens, "Skin cancer, Exposure, Toxicology, Con-
taminants, Pulmonary neoplasms, Air pollution, Epide-
miology, Laboratory animals, Environmental tests.
PB88-170097/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evidence for Effects of Chronic Lead Exposure
on Blood Pressure in Experimental Animals: An
Overview. Symposium paper,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
W. Victery. Jan 88,18p EPA/600/D-88/018
Information obtained in a number of experimental stud-
ies conducted over the last forty years on the effects of
lead on blood pressure is reviewed. Differences in
animal species, age at beginning of exposure, level of
lead exposure, indices of lead burden, and blood pres-
sure effects of each study are reported. In several of
the high-dose experiments, hypertension was ob-
served, but nephrotoxicity of lead may have contribut-
ed to its development. Moreover, in other high-dose
experiments, no hypertension was observed and in at
least one, the evidence suggested that lead could
reduce an elevated blood pressure. In contrast, the
lower-dose experiments consistently demonstrated a
hypertensive effect. Overall, the data suggest a bipha-
sic dose response.
Keywords: * Lead (Metal) "Blood pressure, Reviews,
Exposure, Hypertension, Models, toxicology, Labora-
tory animals.
PB88-170105/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Stringfellow Leachate Treatment with RBC (Rotat-
ing Biological Contactor),
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
E. J. Opatken, H, K. Howard, and J. J. Bond. Feb 88,
21p EPA/600/D-88/013
A study was conducted with a rotating biological con-
tactor (RBC) for treatment of leachate from tne String-
fellow hazardous waste site in Riverside County, Cali-
fornia. The leachate was transported from California to
Cincinnati, where a pilot sized RBC was installed at the
U.S. EPA's Testing and Evaluation (T&E) Facility. A
series of kinetic runs were made with primary effluent
from the City of Cincinnati's Mill Creek Sewage Treat-
ment Plant to develop a biomass on the disks and to
obtain a standard kinetic removal rate. These runs
were then followed with Stringfellow leachate experi-
ments that included operations at various ratios of
leachate to primary effluent, operations at 100%
leachate, and operations to increase the percentage
removal of dissolved organics. The paper reports on
the results from these experiments and the effective-
ness of an RBC to adequately treat leachate from the
Stringfellow hazardous waste site.
Keywords: 'Leaching, 'Sewage treatment, Hazardous
wastes, Contaminants, Toxicity, Pollution, Effluents,
Environmental tests, RBC(Rotating Biological Contac-
tor), String fellow hazardous waste site(California).
PB88-170121/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Age-Dependent Lung Dosimetry of Radon Proge-
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park. NC.
W Hofmann, T. B. Martonen, and M. G. Menache. Feb
88, 48p EPA/600/D-88/027
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc./
Environmental Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC.,
and Duke Univ. Medical Center. Durham, NC.
Two morphometric models differing in the tracheo-
bronchial region, were compared in the present paper:
Model 1 is based on the adult morphology of Weibel,
assuming that all bronchial airways grow in equal pro-
portion: while Model 2 adopts the adult structure pro-
posed by Yeh and Schum, using measured airway di-
mensions in the right upper lobe as a function of age.
Tidal volume and respiratory frequency also vary with
age: while the breathing frequency decreases with
rising age, tidal volume increases. Radiation doses in
each bronchial airway generation were computed for
the deep lying basal cells as well as for the more uni-
formly distributed serous (SMGS) cells, which are cur-
rently assumed to be the progenitor cells for bronchial
carcinomas. Radiation doses to both target cells were
significantly higher in the newborn than in the adult, for
all simulated breathing patterns, showing the highest
relative increase in upper bronchial airways. Compar-
ing both tracheobronchial growth models, Model 1 pre-
dicts higher doses at early ages, but produced lower
doses in the adult lung.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Dosimetry, "Lung, Models, Risk,
Respiratory diseases, Carcinogens, Morphology, Ioniz-
ing radiation, Dose rate.
PB88-170147/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Genotoxic Properties of Municipal Wastewaters In
Ohio. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. R. Meier, W. F. Blazak, E. S. Riccio, B. E. Stewart,
and D. F. Bishop. c1987,13p EPA/600/J-87/214
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 16, P671-680 Aug 87. Prepared in coopera-
tion w/th SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
Wastewaters from six municipal wastewater treatment
plants in Ohio were tested at different stages of treat-
ment for mutagenicity in the Ames/Salmonella assay.
The chlorinated secondary effluents were also evalu-
ated for induction of sister chromatid exchanges in
Chinese hamster ovary cells. Direct-acting microbial
mutagenicity was observed for extracts of the effluents
from all six plants for both an initial and a repeat sam-
pling series. In some cases, the mutagenicity was
greatly enhanced by S9 metabolic activation (MA). In
general, the specific mutagenicity of the extracts in-
creased following activated sludge treatment. Chlorin-
ation resulted in substantial increases in mutagenic ac-
tivity for some of the wastewaters but had no effect on
others. SCE inducing activity was detected in five out
of six extracts for the first sample series, and for two
out of five extracts for the second sample series.
There was no obvious correlation in the ability of the
extracts from the chlorinated secondary effluents to
induce SCE in GHO cells and to induce mutations in
Salmonella.
Keywords: 'Waste water, "Toxicology, Ohio, Public
health, Reprints, 'Mutagenesis, Ames test, Salmonella
assay, 'Genotoxicity, Drinking water.
PB88-170154/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Tumorlgenesis and Genotoxicity of Ethyl Carba-
mate and Vinyl Carbamate In Rodent Cells. Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. W. Allen, G. D. Stoner, M. A. Pereira, L. C. Backer,
and Y. Sharief. C1986,7p EPA/600/J-86/442
Pub. in Cancer Research 46, p4911-4815 Oct 86. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Medical Coll. of Ohio at
Toledo, Environmental Health Research and Testing,
Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC., and Northrop Serv-
ices, Inc./Environmental Sciences, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Vinyl carbamate (VC) is a suspect metabolic intermedi-
ate in ethyl carbamate (EC) carcinogenesis. In the
present studies, EC and VC were evaluated for their
relative abilities to induce adenomas and sister chro-
matid exchanges (SCEs) in lung cells of A, C3H, and
CS7BL strain mice. For both endpoints, animals were
administered a single intraperitoneal injection of the
test chemical. Percent of mice with adenomas and
number of adenomas per mouse were compared
among the three strains 24 weeks following exposure
to EC or VC-induced SCE frequencies declined over a
2-week observation period, again, there was no strain
specificity for this effect. VC was also tested for en-
hancement of SA7 virus transformation of Syrian ham-
ster embryo cells. Significant concentration-depend-
ent increases in cell transformation frequency were
observed. (Copyright (c) Cancer Research 46, 4911-
4915, October 1986.)
Keywords: 'Carbamates, 'Neoplasms, 'Carcinogens,
Urethanes, Genetics, Cells(Biology), Exposure, Toxici-
ty, Reprints.
PB88-170162/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Role of Computational Approaches to Enzyme
Structure and Function In the Study of Molecular
Processes in Biology: An Introduction. Journal arti-
cle,
Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York.
H. Weinstein. C1986,7p EPA/600/J-86/441
Grant EPA-R-811006
Pub. in Enzyme 36, p4-7 1986. Sponsored by Health
Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The paper describes the current role of computational
approaches in the study of enzyme structure and func-
tion. The computational simulation of the molecular
processes in enzymes with known structures that are
amenable to direct experimentation has enormous
value for the further refinement and development of
theoretical approaches. By focusing on the detailed
molecular interactions, these methods help uncover
the relationship of interactions at active sites to the
molecular environment and to details of the macromo-
lecular architecture. The various methods are dis-
cussed.
Keywords: "Enzymes, Reprints, 'Molecular process-
es, Computational approaches.
PB88-170170/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Cotton Yield Responses to Ozone as Mediated by
Soli Moisture and Evapotranspiratlon. Journal arti-
cle,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center
P. J. Temple, O. C. Taylor, and L. F. Benoit. C1985,8p
EPA/600/J-85/520
Pub. in Jnl. Environmental Quality, v14 n1 p55-60
1985. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. 'SJ-2'), grown in
open-top chambers in the Central Valley of California,
was exposed to 6 ozone (03) treatments ranging from
charcoal-filtered (CF) to ambient plus 0.10 ppm 03
(1981)	or twice ambient 03 concentrations (1982) for
the entire growing seasons of 1981 and 1982. Half the
plots were irrigated optimally and the other half were
water-stressed by providing 25% (1981) or 20%
(1982)	less irrigation water. During the typically hot, dry
growing season of 1981, cotton yield in normally irri-
gated (Nl) treatments was reduced 20% in non-filtered
(NF) chambers relative to CF controls. Doubling ambi-
ent 03 concentration reduced yield 45%. Water-
stressed (WS) plants showed almost no response to
03. In 1982, potential evapotranspiration during the
growing season averaged 20% less and ambient 03
concentration averaged 39% lower than in 1981.
Under these growing conditions, cotton yields in Nl
and WS treatments responded similarly to 03. Yields
in NF chambers were reduced 15% relative to CF
chambers. Doubling ambient 03 concentrations re-
duced yields 65%. The greater relative response of
cotton to 03 in 1982 may have resulted from the
cooler more humid growing conditions, which in-
creased the susceptibility of cotton to 03. (Copyright
(c) J. Environ, Qual., Vol. 14, No. 1,1985.)
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Ozone, "Cotton plants, Eva-
potranspiration, Soil water, Exposure, Dosage, Re-
prints, "Air pollution effects(Plants), Gossypium hirsu-
tum.
PB88-170394/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Gene-Tox Carcinogens and Non-Carcinogens: An
Analysis of Short-Term Bloassays in Genetic
Toxicology,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. Nesnow. Feb 88,37p* EPA/600/D-88/024
The Gene-Tox Carcinogen Data Base is an evaluated
source of cancer data on 506 chemicals selected in
part for their previous assessment in genetic toxicol-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ogy bioassays. The data base has been analyzed for
the distribution of these chemicals into chemical class-
es. The major chemical classes (6% or greater of the
total data base) are: acyl-, alkyl-, and aryl-halides; alco-
hols and phenols; aliphatic and aromatic amines,
amides, and sulfonamides; benzene-ring containing
chemicals; organo-lead, -mercury, -phosphorous com-
pounds, metals and derivatives, phosphoric acid
esters, and phosphoramides; and polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons. Cancer studies representing a subset
of the Gene-Tox Carcinogen Data Base, 199 chemi-
cals which were rated as Sufficient Positive/Negative
or Limited Positive/Negative, were examined for distri-
bution of those studies by animal species, gender,
route of chemical administration, duration of study,
major tumor sites, and major tumor types. These anal-
yses revealed that the Gene-Tox Carcinogen Data
Base contains a large number of lifetime studies in-
volving the rat and mouse treated by oral routes of ad-
ministration.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, "Bioassay, Data bases, 'Ge-
netic toxicology, 'Carcinogens.
PB88-170428/HSU	PC A93/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Operating Experience with EPA's (Environmental
Protection Agency's) Mobile Incineration System,
Enviresponse, Inc., Livingston, NJ.
G. D. Gupta, R. Sawyer, and F. J. Freestone. Feb 88,
28p* EPA/600/D-88/034
Contract EPA-68-03-3255
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The paper describes the recent modifications made to
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA)
Mobile Incineration System. These modifications were
aimed toward increasing the capacity of the system as
well as its on-stream factor. The operation of the modi-
fied system was resumed on June 1. 1987. During the
three month period following that, various system per-
formance tests were conducted. Besides these tests,
over a million pounds of dioxin-contaminated lids and
liquids including soil, plastics, trash, grass, tyvek, cloth-
ing, wood, etc. nave been incinerated. A brief summary
of the various test results and the highlights of the
major problems encountered during the system oper-
ation, adopted solutions, and lessons learned are also
presented in the paper.
Keywords: 'Incinerators, "Solid wastes, 'Waste dis-
posal, Dioxin, Mobile equipment, US EPA.
PB88-170436/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of Solidification/Stabilization for
Treating Hazadous Waste in the United States,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
C. C. Wiles. Feb 88,17p EPA/600/D-88/030
In hazardous waste management, solidification/stabili-
zation (S/S) is a term normally used to designate tech-
nology employing additives to alter hazardous waste to
reduce the mobility of pollutants, thereby making it ac-
ceptable for land disposal or other uses. The use of
the technology to treat hazardous waste in the United
States may become more important as regulations re-
strict the use of land for disposing of treated hazard-
ous waste. The paper discusses the technology and a
program evaluating its potential for managing hazard-
ous waste and contaminated soils in the United States.
The paper also presents the United States Environ-
mental Protection Agency (USEPA) research program,
and discusses research needed to better utilize S/S as
technology to treat hazardous waste.
Keywords: 'Stabilization, 'Solidification, Hazardous
materials, Waste disposal, Additives, Regulations,
Earth fills, "Waste management.
PB88-170445/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Emissions. Journal
Pub^ Oi'emical Engineering Prognr®s|'tafp"ot1e5f06n
54 Nov 87. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research
Lab.
The purpose of the study was to develop and utilize
sampling, analytical and predictive methods to assess
the fate of selected chemicals in a full-scale
wastewater treatment facility by monitoring a
wastewater treatment facility which received
wastewater from a large petrochemical plant. The
treatment facility consisted of (1) neutralization, (2)
equalization, (3) aerated stabilization and (4) UNOX
treatment. Eight chemicals were monitored. These in-
cluded four volatile chemicals (benzene, toluene, 1,2
dichloroethane, and ethyl benzene) and four semi-
volatile chemicals (tetralin, 2-ethyl hexanol, 2-ethyhex-
ylacryiate, and naphthalene). Extensive sampling of
the air, water and sludge streams around each of the
wastewater treatment unit operations was conducted
for a three-week period during August 1983. (Copyright
(c) Chemical Engineering Progress 83(11): 46-54, No-
vember 1987.)
Keywords: "Wastewater, 'Waste treatment, 'Emis-
sions, Chemical plants, Toxicity, Field tests, Hazard-
ous wastes, Contaminants, Mathematical models.
Water pollution, Reprints, Water pollution sampling,
Environmental monitoring.
PB88-170493/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Sunlight-Induced Oxidation and Reduction of Or-
ganic Xenobiotics in Water,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
R. G. Zepp. Feb 88,30p EPA/600/D-88/033
A wide variety of optical properties can be found in the
water bodies of the environment. These dramatic dif-
ferences in composition, and thus in light absorption,
have important effects on the dynamics and products
of xenobiotic photoreactions in water. The paper re-
views research showing that the absorption of sunlight
by natural waters produces a variety of transient reac-
tants that are involved in aquatic redox reactions. The
review first examines two general approaches to
studying photoredox kinetics-laser flash photolysis
and continuous irradiations. Then, research results
concerning some of the transient reactants are used to
illustrate the application of these approaches. Among
these transients are solvated electrons, triplet states
and singlet oxygen, and superoxide ions and hydrogen
peroxide.
Keywords: 'Optical properties, "Photochemical reac-
tions, *Light(Visible radiation), Oxidation, Photolysis,
Water, Electrode potentials. Hydrogen peroxide.
PB88-170501/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Monitoring Well Installation, Purging, and Sam-
pling Techniques. Part 1. Conceptualizations. Jour-
nal article,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
J. F. Keely, and K. Boateng. C1987,17p* EPA/600/J-
87/202
Pub. in Ground Water, v25 n3 p300-313 May/Jun 87.
See also PB88-170519. Prepared in cooperation with
Weston (Roy F.), Inc., West Chester, PA.
Commonly employed techniques for the installation,
purging, and sampling of monitoring wells are exam-
ined. The degree to which hollow-stem augering dis-
turbs the near-borehole environment, and how this
may result in the movement of contaminated solids or
fluids from one stratum to another is discussed. The
desirability of driving temporary casing to shield one
stratum from another, and to improve the general qual-
ity of the monitoring well installation (especially the ef-
fectiveness of the filter pack emplaced), is argued.
Keywords: 'Monitoring, "Wells, 'Ground water, Hy-
drology, Contamination, Reprints.
PB88-170519/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Monitoring Well Installation, Purging, and Sam-
pling Techniques. Part 2. Case Histories. Journal
article,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
J. F. Keely, and K. Boateng. C1987,16p" EPA/600/J-
87/203
Pub. in Ground Water, v25 n4 p427-439 Jul/Aug 87.
See also PB88-170501. Prepared in cooperation with
Weston (Roy F.), Inc., West Chester, PA.
Three case histories are presented to illustrate the
problems encountered using some monitoring well in-
stallation. purging, and sampling techniques. Hollow-
stem augering was found to pose problems during the
installation of monitoring wells in terms of potential for
cross-contamination of strata, the inability to emplace
an adequate filter pack, the potential for smearing nat-
ural clays into sand and gravel strata, and the possible
need for excessive purging of sediments that accumu-
late between sampling events. A hybrid drilling tech-
nique, augering with temporary casing, was able to
provide the advantages, and minimize the disadvan-
tages, of the foregoing drilling methods.
Keywords: 'Wells, "Monitoring, "Ground water, Install-
ing, Sampling, Purging, Contamination, Reprints.
PB88-170S27/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Mathematical Model for the Fate of Hazardous
Substances In Soli: Model Description and Experi-
mental Results. Journal article,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
T. E. Short, W. J. Grenney, C. L. Caupp, and R. C.
Sims. C1987,19p" EPA/600/J-87/204
Pub. in Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials, v4
n3 p223-239 1987. Prepared in cooperation with Utah
State Univ., Logan. Dept. of Civil and Environmental
Engineering.
A mathematical model was developed and implement-
ed for evaluating fate of a hazardous substance in the
unsaturated zone of soil. The model simulates vadose
processes of volatilization, degradation, sorption/de-
sorption, advection, and dispersion. Four vadose zone
physical phases are considered including water, oil,
soil grains, and soil-pore air. The Vadose Zone Interac-
tive Processes (VIP) model is appropriate for use at
RCRA and CERCLA sites since site-specific process-
es affecting transport of hazardous chemicals through
the vadose zone are incorporated in the model. A
RCRA land treatment system was chosen as the basis
ol model development. Laboratory experiments were
conducted to observe transport and apparent degra-
dation of three polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon
(PAH) compounds (anthracene, fluoranthene, arid
naphthalene) in sandy loam soil in separate soil col-
umns under two flow conditions. Vadose zone concen-
trations of PAH compounds were evaluated as func-
tion of time (90 days) and depth (1.5 m).
Keywords: 'Degradation, 'Hazardous materials,
'Soils, Mathematical models. Volatilizing, Desorption,
Sorption, Aduection, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocar-
bons, Anthracene, Fluorenes, Naphthalene, Water
flow, Soil properties, Depth, Computer programming,
Reprints, Vadose zone. Soil columns.
PBB8-170535/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Use of Amphotericin B for Differentiating Eukar-
yotlc from Prokaryotlc Activity In Mixed Microbial
Samples. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
D. L. Lewis, and J. A. Hamala. C1987,10p EPA/600/J-
87/205
Pub. in Jnl. of Microbiological Methods 6, p257-264
1987. Prepared in cooperation with Technology Appli-
cations, Inc., Athens, GA.
In axenic and mixed cultures, amphotericin B (25-100
mg/L) was tested for inhibition of selected metabolic
activities of algae, fungi, bacteria and zooplankton. Ef-
fects of the antibiotic were determined based on inhibi-
tion of 14-C-labeled bicarbonate uptake, hydrolysis of
the methyl ester of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
growth and acid production. Amphotericin B was dt*
solved in water by either hydrolyzing the antibiotic or
mixing it with sodium deoxycholate. Treatments of
mixed suspended microbial communities with 200 mo/
L of amphotericin B for at least 15 min was effective for
differentiating prokaryotic (bacterial) from eukaryotic
(algae and fungi, but not zooplankton) activities.
Keywords: 'Antibiotics, 'Bacteria, Algae, Fungi, Re.
prints, 'Amphotericin B, Prokaryotes, fcukaryotes.
PB88-170S43/HSU	PC A03/MF Af»
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab Aru
OK.	" Qa'
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Microbial Ecology of a Shallow Unconfined
Ground Water Aquifer Polluted by Municipal
Landfill Laachate. Journal article,
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Dept. of Botany and Micro-
biology.
R. E. Beeman, and J. M. Suflita. C1987,18p EPA/600/
J-87/209
Pub. in Microbial Ecology, v14 n1 p39-54 Jul 87. Spon-
sored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab.,
Ada, OK.
The microflora of a shallow anoxic aquifer underlying a
municipal landfill In Oklahoma was characterized "by
direct light microscopy, most probable number of de-
terminations of sulfate reducers and methanogens,
and measurements of methanogenesis in aquifer sam-
ples containing either endogenous or exogenous elec-
tron donors and various sulfate concentrations. Acri-
dine orange direct counts of bacteria did not vary sig-
nificantly with time or between 2 major sampling areas.
A mapping of sulfate and methane levels indicated
that site A is relatively localized. These results suggest
that the predominant flow of carbon and energy is
through methanogenesis at aquifer site B whereas sul-
fate reduction predominated at site A. However, both
methanogens and sulfate reducers could be isolated
from either site. (Copyright (c) Springer-Verlag New
York Inc. 1987.)
Keywords: "Ecology, 'Microorganisms, "Water pollu-
tion, "Aquifers, Bacteria, Earth fills, Inorganic sulfates,
Microscopy, Methane, Ground water, Reprints, Tri-
methylamine.
PB88-170550/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Field Evaluation of a Simple Microcosm Simulat-
ing the Behavior of Volatile Organic Compounds
in Subsurface Materials. Journal article,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
J. T. Wilson, G. B. Smith, J. W. Cochran, J. F. Barker,
and P. V. Roberts. c1987,9p EPA/600/J-87/207
Pub. in Water Resources Research, v23 n8 p1547-
1553 Aug 87. Prepared in cooperation with Oklahoma
Univ., Norman. Environmental and Ground Water Inst.,
Waterloo Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Earth Sciences, and
Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
A simple batch microcosm had previously been devel-
oped to simulate the behavior of volatile organic com-
pounds in unconsolidated subsurface material. The mi-
crocosm was evaluated by comparing the behavior of
tetrachloroethylene, bromoform, carbon tetrachloride,
1,2-dichlorobenzene, and hexachloroethane in (1) the
microcosm, (2) the microcosm constructed with auto-
claved material, and (3) an experimental plume con-
structed in a joint field study conducted by Stanford
University and the University of Waterloo at a site on
Canadian Forces Base. Borden. Ontario. The micro-
cosm study adequately simulated nonbiological re-
moval of these compounds from solution in the experi-
mental plume. However, it failed to detect biotransfor-
mation of 1,2-dichlorobenzene despite extensive deg-
radation of this compound in the field. One of the sam-
ples of aquifer material used to construct the micro-
cosms had a much greater capacity to biotransform
bromoform and carbon tetrachloride than did the other
samples of aquifer material, or the aquifer in general.
As a result, the microcosm study overestimated bio-
transformation of bromoform and carbon tetrachloride.
The microcosm accurately simulated the behavior of
tetrachloroethylene and hexachloroethane.
Keywords: 'Volatile organic compounds, Simulation,
Behavior, Reprints, 'Microcosms, 'Subsurface materi-
als.
PB88-170568/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Transformations of Halogenated Aliphatic Com-
Sounds: Oxidation, Reduction, Substitution, and
ehydrohalogenatlon Reactions Occur Abiotlcally
or In Microbial and Mammalian Systems. Journal
article,
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing.
T M. Vogel, C. S. Criddle, and P. L. McCarty. c1987,
18p EPA/800/J-87/206
Grants EPA-R-81220, NSF-ECE85-19243
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v21
n8 p722-736 Aug 87. Prepared in cooperation with
Stanford Univ., CA. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
The current understanding of abiotic and biotic chem-
istry of halogenated aliphatic compounds is systema-
tized and summarized. Knowledge of abiotic transfor-
mations can provide a conceptual framework for un-
derstanding biologically mediated transformations.
Most abiotic transformations are slow, but they can still
be significant within the time scales commonly associ-
ated with ground-water movement. In contrast, biotic
transformations typically proceed much faster, provid-
ed that there are sufficient substrate and nutrients and
a microbial population that can mediate such transfor-
mations. Recent studies, which describe transforma-
tions of halogenated aliphatic compounds in microbial
and mammalian systems, are also discussed.
Keywords: 'Halogen organic compounds, 'Toxicol-
ogy, "Hazardous wastes, 'Waste disposal, Chemical
reactions, Oxidation, Reduction, Substitution, Re-
prints, 'Water pollution control, Dehydrogenation.
PB88-170576/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Calcium Hydroxide and Calcium Carbonate Parti-
cle Size Effects on Reactivity with Sulfur Dioxide.
Journal article Oct 85-Sep 86,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
B. K. Gullett, and J. A. Blom. c1987,17p EPA/600/J-
87/210
Contract EPA-68-02-3988
Pub. in Reactivity of Solids 3, p337-350 1987. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Re-
search Lab.
The paper reports results of measurements of the
effect of in situ calcium-based sorbent particle size
upon reactivity with 3000 ppm S02 in an 1100 c drop-
tube furnace, using on-line collection of the reacted
sorbent with a particle cascade impactor. Significant
agglomeration occurred for Ca(OH)2, while little was
apparent for CaC03. Reactivity of all sorbent particles
increases as the measured particle diameter de-
creases, such that conversion is inversely related to di-
ameter to the 0.22 to 0.32 power. For these sorbents,
Ca(OH)2 particles had greater reactivity than the simi-
larly sized CaC03 sorbent.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, Reactivity, Particle size,
Sorbents, 'Air pollution, "Calcium hydroxides, 'Calci-
um carbonates, Stationary sources.
PB88-170584/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Adaptation to and Biodegradation of Xenoblotlc
Compounds by Microbial Communities from a
Pristine Aquifer. Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
C. M. Aelion, C. M. Swindoll, and F. K. Pfaender.
C1987,8p EPA/600/J-87/208
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v53
n9 p22l 2-2217 Sep 87. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr
Environmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
The ability of subsurface microbial communities to
adapt to the biodegradation of xenoblotlc compounds
was examined in aquifer solids samples from a pristine
aquifer. An increase in the rates of mineralization of ra-
diolabeled substrates with exposure was used as an
indication of adaptation. For some compounds, such
as chlorobenzene and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, slight
mineralization was observed but no adaptation was
apparent during incubations of over 8 months. Other
compounds demonstrated three patterns of response.
For m-cresol, m-aminophenol, and aniline intermediate
rates of biodegradation and a linear increase in the
percent mineralized with time were observed. Phenol,
p-chlorophenol, and ethylene dibromide were rapidly
metabolized initially, with a nonlinear increase in the
percent mineralized with time, indicating that the com-
munity was alreody adapted to the biodegradation of
these compounds. Only p-nitrophenol demonstrated a
typical adaptation response. In different samples of
soil from the game layer in the aquifer, the adaptation
period to p-nitrophenol varied from a few days to as
long as 6 weeks.
Keywords: 'Aquifers, Reprints, "Biodegradation,
"Xenobiotic compounds. Pristine aquifers.
PB88-170S92/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Ford Foundation, New York.
Hazardous Waste Site Management: Water Quality
Issues. Report on a Colloquium Sponsored by the
Water Science and Technology Board, February
19-20,1987. Colloquium 3,
National Research Council, Washington, DC. Water
Science and Technology Board.
E. F. Barth, H. S. Brown, J. M. Davidson, R. M. Dowd,
and R. R. Easu. 21 Jan 88,222p ISBN-0-309-03790-5
See also PB86-201233 and PB87-157467. Library of
Congress catalog card no. 87-31311. Sponsored by
Ford Foundation, New York, Bureau of Reclamation,
Washington, DC., Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC., and Federal Emergency Manage-
ment Agency, Washington, DC.
The report, a collection of papers from a colloquium
sponsored by the Water Science and Technology
(WSTB), discusses ground and surface water cleanup
levels at hazardous waste sites and evaluates whether
the scientific, technical, and regulatory methods cur-
rently used for setting cleanup levels are adequate. It
addresses current methods used by regulatory agen-
cies and the U.S. Department of Defense to establish
water quality cleanup levels, and provides insight from
representatives of water utilities, industry, regulatory
agencies and citizens groups. The report also reviews
the use of models and other methods for estimating
health risks at hazardous waste sites, and looks at the
roles of hydrogeology, engineering, risk assessment,
and toxicology, and regulatory strategies in hazardous
waste site management.
Keywords: 'Management analysis, "Water quality, En-
vironmental impacts, Regulations, Standards, Risk,
Sites, Toxicology, Hazardous materials, Water pollu-
tion, Models, Reprints, 'Hazardous wastes, Remedial
actions, Health risks.
PB88-170626/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Mutagenicity of Teflon-Coated Glass Fiber Filters:
A Potential Problem and Solutions. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
V. S. Houk, R. B. Zweidinger, and L. D. Claxton. 1987,
6p EPA/600/J-87/213
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v21
n9 p917-920 Sep 87.
Teflon-coated glass fiber filters, used in studies of air-
borne particulate matter, were tested for mutagenic
activity using the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome
(Ames) assay. For each sample, eight blank filters
were simultaneously extracted with dichloromethane
(DCM), and the extract was concentrated by rotary
evaporation and a nitrogen purge. Samples were sol-
vent exchanged into dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) for bio-
assay. Mutagenicity testing was performed using
tester strain TA98, with and without metabolic activa-
tion. Preliminary findings have indicated that both
direct- and indirect-extracting frameshift mutagens
were present on the blank filters. Pre-extracting the fil-
ters with DCM reduced the activity associated with the
filters; however, forced-air baking enhanced the muta-
genic response. Additional analyses have suggested
that the interference caused by filter mutagenic is in-
versely proportional to extraction efficiency and parti-
cle load.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, "Fiberglass, Reprints,
'Teflon, 'Mutagenesis, 'Air pollution effects. Particu-
lates.
PB88-170634/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Structural Features Associated with Degradable
and Persistent Chemicals. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
G. J. Niemi, G. D. Veith, R. R. Regal, and D. D.
Vaishnav. C1987,15p EPA/600/3-87/219
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v6
p515-527 Jul 87. Prepared in cooperation with Minne-
sota Univ.-Duluth, and Wisconsin Univ.-Superior.
Center for Lake Superior Environmental Studies.
A multivariate statistical rhethod and a heuristic
method were employed to examine the structural fea-
tures associated with the persistence of degradation of
287 chemicals tested with the standard biochemical
oxygen demand(BOD) procedure. The data base con-
sisted of 196 'degradable' chemicals with a half-life of
less than 15 d (e.g., Theoretical BODs (ThOD) >
16%) and 91 'persistent' chemicals with a half-life of
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
more than 15 d. The multivariate statistical analysis
consisted of (1) calculating 54 molecular connectivity
indices, five physicochemical properties and eight prin-
cipal components from the molecular connectivity indi-
ces, (2) clustering the chemicals on the basis of the
principal components and one of the physicochemical
properties, K(ow) and (3) discriminating between per-
sistent and degradable chemicals using the molecular
connectivity indices and the physicochemical proper-
ties as discriminating variables within each cluster. The
heuristic approach used the results of the multivariate
analyses and the literature on biodegradation to identi-
fy a series of structural features associated with de-
gradable and persistent chemicals.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Chemical compounds, Re-
prints, 'Biodegradeable, 'Residues, Biochemical
oxygen demand, Multivariate statistical analysis.
PB88-170642/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Simultaneous Multiple Species Testing: Acute
Toxicity of 13 Chemicals to 12 Diverse Freshwater
Amphibian, Fish, and Invertebrate Families. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
G. W. Holcombe, G. L. Phipps, A. H. Sulaiman, and A.
D. Hoffman. 1987,16p EPA/600/J-87/218
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 16, p697-710 Nov 87.
The test series developed methods for testing a com-
pliment of aquatic organisms in a single test that satis-
fies the freshwater acute toxicity requirements for set-
ting water quality criteria. Species tested included fat-
head minnows Pimephales promelas, rainbow trout
Salmo gairdneri, bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, chan-
nel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, goldfish Carassius aur-
atus, white sucker Catostomus commersoni, daphnia
Daphnia magna, midge Tanytarsus dissimilis, crayfish
Orconectes immunis, snail Aplexa hypnorum, tadpole
Xenopus laevis, and leech Nephelopsis obscura. Five
to nine of the preceding species were simultaneously
exposed in individual tests. The chemicals tested were
acrolein, aniline, dibutylfumarate, 2,4-dinitrophenol,
Guthion, nicotine sulfate, phenol, rotenone, silver,
Systox, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, 2,4,6-trichlorophenoi
and o-xylene. The method of simultaneously exposing
aquatic organisms in separate compartments of each
exposure tank allows more accurate comparisons of
species sensitivity with a tested chemical.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Amphibians, Fishes, Inverte-
brates, Reprints, 'Species testing.
PB88-170659/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Preparation and Characterization of Monoclonal
Antibodies to Enteric Adenovirus Types 40 and
41. Journal article,
Massachusetts Univ. Medical School, Worcester.
J. E. Herrmann, D. M. Perron-Henry, D. Stobbs-Walro,
and N. R. Blacklow. c1987,9p EPA/600/J-87/216
Pub. in Archives of Virology, v94 n3-4 p259-265 May
87. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The authors have prepared monoclonal antibodies to
each of the enteric adenoviruses types 40 and 41.
Three different hybridoma cell lines were selected
which produced antibody found to react by radioim-
munoprecipitation with adenovirus (Ad) hexon anti-
gens. One was specific for Ad40, another for Ad41,
and a third one reacted with both types. When tested
in an enzyme immunoassay against all 41 known
human Ad types, the type-specific monoclonal anti-
body against Ad40 reacted homotypically, as did the
monoclonal antibody against Ad41. In addition, these
monoclonal antibodies neutralized the homologous
enteric Ad type. The monoclonal antibody which react-
ed with both enteric Ad types also showed lower levels
of reactivity with the Group C adenoviruses types 2,5,
and 6. The monoclonal antibodies produced will pro-
vide a definitive means for rapid identification of specif-
ic Ad types, and will be useful in defining the relation-
ship of enteric adenovirsuses to other types.
Keywords: 'Viruses, 'Antibodies, Reprints ' Mono-
clonal antibodies, 'Enteric adenoviruses, Cell lines.
998 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB88-170667/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Contamination by Polychlorlnated
Dibenzo-p-dioxlns and Dibenzofurans Associated
with Pulp and Paper Mill Discharge. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
D. W. Kuehl, B. C. Butterworth, W. M. DeVita, and C. P.
sauer. C1987, 7p EPA/600/J-87/217
Pub. in Biomedical and Environmental Mass Spec-
trometry, v14 p443-447 1987. Prepared in cooperation
with Wisconsin Univ.-Superior. Center for Lake Superi-
or Environmental Studies.
Sludge from seven pulp and paper mills was analyzed
for 2,3,7,8-TCDD. The level of contamination ranged
from not detectable (1 pg/g) to over 400 pg/g. Analy-
ses for other planar polychlorinated contaminants indi-
cated high levels of contamination by other PCDDs
and PCDFs. Polychlorinated xanthenes and xanthones
were identified as potential interferences in these anal-
yses.
Keywords: 'Sludge, Reprints, 'Polychlorinated di-
benzo p dioxins, 'Dibenzofurans, TCDD, PCDDs,
PCDFs.
PB88-170675/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Antigen Detection with Monoclonal Antibodies for
the Diagnosis of Adenovirus Gastroenteritis. Jour-
nal article,
Massachusetts Univ. Medical School, Worcester.
J. E. Herrmann, D. M. Perron-Henry, and N. R.
Blacklow. c1987, 7p EPA/600/J-87/215
Pub. in Jnl. of Infectious Diseases, v155 n6 p1167-
1171 Jun 87. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The authors have developed a monoclonal antibody-
based enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for direct detection
of enteric adenoviruses in stool specimens from pa-
tients with gastroenteritis. Tests specific for each of
the enteric adenoviruses, adenovirus type 40 (Ad40)
and type 41 (Ad41) were designed. The sensitivity of
the EIA was compared to isolation of virus in Graham
293 cells from stools which contained particles of
adenovirus morphology by electron microscopy. The
standard for specificity was analysis of adenoviral
genome profiles after digestion with Smal endonu-
clease. The sensitivity was 95.8% (23/24) for Ad40
and 97.1% (34/35) for Ad41. The specificity was 95.7
(45/47) and 97.2% (35/36) respectively. The two
type-specific monoclonal antibodies could be mixed in
an EIA to identify enteric adenoviruses in stools with-
out loss of reactivity in either type. The tests provide an
effective and convenient means for rapid diagnosis
and type-specific identification of enteric adenoviruses
in gastroenteritis, and will substantially facilitate epide-
miological studies of their infection.
Keywords: 'Antigens, 'Diagnosis, Detection, Reprints,
'Monoclonal antibodies, Adenovirus gastroenteritis.
PB88-170683/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Fourier Transform Infrared Photoacoustic Spec-
troscopy Characterization of Sulfur-Oxygen Spe-
cies Resulting from the Reaction of S02 with CAO
and CaC03. Journal article,
Duke Univ., Durham, NC. Paul M. Gross Chemical Lab.
M. A. Martin, J. W. Childers, and R. A. Palmer. c1987,
9p EPA/600/ J-87/227
Pub. in Applied Spectroscopy, v41 n1 p120-126 1987.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy
(FTIR-PAS) has been used to investigate the reaction
of S02 in He with CaO and CaCOS particles at tem-
peratures between 25 and 900 C. S02 reacts with CaC
at 25 C, while the reaction of Ca-C03 with S02 is first
evident at 550 C (the initial product of both reactions is
CaS03). The CaS03 then further reacts with S02 to
form CaS04, CaS203, and CaS at higher tempera-
tures. At 900 C and above, the net production of
S04(~) and S203(~) is decreased due to the decom-
position of S03(~). FTIR-PAS depth profiling experi-
ments indicate the formation of a reaction-limiting
product layer of S03(~) and S04(-) from the above re-
actions on the surface of the CaO and CaC03 parti-
cles.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Photometry, Sulfur dioxide,
Calcium oxides, Reprints, 'Fourier transformation, 'In-
frared spectroscopy, "Acoustic measurement, 'Calci-
um carbonates, Stationary sources.
PB88-170691/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Developmental Toxicity of Halogenated Acetoni-
triles: Drinking Water By-Products of Chlorine
Disinfection. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. K. Smith, E. L. George, H. Zenick, J. M. Manson,
and J. A. Stober. c1987, 13p EPA/600/J-87/239
Pub. in Toxicology 46, p83-93 1987. Prepared in coop-
eration with Smith Kline and French Labs., Philadel-
phia, PA.
The developmental toxicity of acetonitrile and five hal-
ogenated derivatives was examined with an in vivo ter-
atology screen adapted for use in the Long Evans rat.
The screen was extended to an evaluation of growth
till postnatal days 41-42, and weight of several organs
at sacrifice. Acetonitrile was without developmental ef-
fects even at doses toxic to the dam. Of the halogenat-
ed compounds, treatment with trichloroacetonitrile
(TCAN) and dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) resulted in re-
duced fertility and increased early implantation failure.
There was no effect on litter size in females bearing
live litters, but pup birth weight was reduced in all litters
exposed to halogenated compounds. Perinatal surviv-
al of the pups was adversely impacted by DCAN and
TCAN. Postnatal growth till day 4 was reduced by
DCAN and bromochloroacetonitrile (BCAN) while
growth till day 42 was consistently affected only by
TCAN. Some general observations were made on the
usefulness of the criteria used in the screen, and
TCAN, the most toxic of the halogenated compounds,
was selected for further in depth evaluation.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Chlorine, Disinfection, In vivo
analysis, Reprints, 'Halogenated acetonitriles, Drink-
ing water, 'Acetonitriles, Teratogenesis.
PB88-170709/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Absorption and Bloklnetlcs of U in Rats Following
an Oral Administration of Uranyl Nitrate Solution.
Journal article,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of General Sci-
ence.
Y. D. La Touche, D. L. Willis, and O. I. Dawydiak.
C1987,19p EPA/600/J-87/240
Pub. in Health Physics, v53 n2 p147-162 Aug 87.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The absorption of Uranyl (U) within the male Wistar rat
was determined following oral gavage with uranyl ni-
trate solutions at seven different dosages. Gavaoe
levels ranged from 0.003 to 45 mg U per kilogram body
weight. Uranium tissue burdens were determined at
0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 24, 48, 96 and 240 h following
gavage. Blood, kidney, liver and bone were analyzed
for U content using neutron activation followed by de-
layed neutron counting. Uranium rapidly localized in
the kidneys and bone following ingestion. Bone was
found to be the primary tissue of deposition. Skeletal
and kidney burdens closely paralleled each other from
15 min to 10 d after oral gavage. Uranium burdens in
the blood reached a maximum within 30 min but de-
clined rapidly thereafter. Burdens of all tissues were
well correlated with each other and with dosage at all
dose levels. Equations relating body burdens with
blood levels were developed and found to be useful for
predicting body burdens for the initial 8 h following
gavage. Gastrointestinal absorption (F1) was 0.6-2.8%
over the range of U administered. Movement of u
through the Gl tract was assessed at two dosages
The transit time of U through the Gl tract was approxi-
mately 48 h. Uranium loss from the stomach was de-
scribed as a power function of time. The maximum
value in the small intestine was attained within 2 h and
thereafter its rapid loss was linear up to 8 h. A minor re-
sidual loss component from the small intestine was
evident beyond 8 h post-gavage.
Keywords: 'Absorption, 'Biokinetics, Rats, Laboratory
animals, Ingestion(Biology), Dosage, Reprints
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-170717/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Model of the Regional Uptake of Gaseoue Pollut-
ant* in the Lung. 2. The Seneitlvlty of Ozone
Uptake In Laboratory Animal Lungs to Anatomical
and Ventilatory Parameters. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park NC
J. H. Overton, R. C. Graham, and F. J. Miller. C1987,
17p EPA/600/ J-87/200
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 88,
p418-432 May 87. See also PB85-243970. Prepared in
cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
An 03 dosimetry model is used to simulate the local
absorption of 03 in the lower respiratory tract (LRT) of
rats and guinea pigs. The model takes into account
LRT anatomy, transport in the lumen and air spaces,
transport and chemical reactions in the mucous and
surfactant layers and in the underlying tissue and capil-
laries. For each species two anatomical models were
used to investigate their influence in predicting absorp-
tion. Results with all four anatomical models and vari-
ous ventilatory parameters showed a qualitative simi-
larity in the shape of the dose versus airway number
curves but significant differences in predicted percent
total and percent pulmonary uptake. The percent
uptake was also sensitive to breathing frequency and
tidal volume. Rat lobe models were used to study ab-
sorption in lobes and show that 03 tissue dose in cen-
triacinar regions decrease with increasing distance
from the trachea. The effect on results of values used
for functional residual capacity (FRC) and of values
used for the chemical rate constants for 03 reactions
in mucus were explored. Results differed quantitatively
but not qualitatively.
Keywords: 'Lung, 'Ozone, "Toxicology. Gases,
Models, Sensitivity, Respiratory system,
Exercise(Physiology), Pathology, Reprints, 'Air pollu-
tion effects(Humans).
PB88-170725/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Determination of 'Glardla murie' Cyst Viability by
Differential Interference Contrast, Phase, or
Brlghtfleld Microscopy. Journal article,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Medical School.
D. G. Schupp, and S. L. Erlandsen. c1987,10p EPA/
600/J-87/201
Pub. in Jnl. of Parasitology, v73 n4 p723-729 Aug 67.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Recent experiments have demonstrated that fluoro-
genic substrates are taken up by Giardia cysts and that
an excellent correlation exists between animal infectiv-
ity and vital staining with fluorescein diacetate (FDA)
for viable cysts and propidium iodide (PI) for non-viable
cysts. Examination of FDA stained Giardia muris cysts
with either Nomarski differential Interference contrast
(DIC) or brightfield (BF) microscopy revealed a direct
correlation between morphologic appearance and
uptake of FDA or PI. Cysts incorporating FDA were all
morphologically identical and exhibited (1) a clearly de-
lineated oyst wall, (2) the presence of a distinct space
between cyst wall and cytoplasm, and (3) flagella rec-
ognizable at one pole of tne cyst. Examination of PI
stained cysts demonstrated the presence of well-de-
fined nuclei, intracellular axonemes, and curved ele-
ments of the adhesive disc. The cytoplasm of PI
stained cysts contained a fine granular texture as op-
posed to the hyaline appearance of FDA stained cysts,
and no space was observed separating the cyst wall
from underlying cytoplasm in the PI cyst. The correla-
tion of fluorogenic dye uptake by cysts and their mor-
phologic appearance provides a simple, direct, and In-
expensive method for determining the viability of Giar-
dia muris cysts which should have wide applicability in
studies using environmental factors or chemical
agents that may effect Giardia cyst viability.
Keywords: 'Microscopy, 'Cysts, Viability, Reprints,
'Differential interference contrast, Giardia muris.
PBW-170733/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Modeling Volatile Organic* In the Delaware Estu-
ary. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
R. B. Ambrose. 1987,21p EPA/600/J-87/199
pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Engineering 113, n4
p703-721 Aug 87.
A study is conducted to test whether calibrated tidal
transport models linked to chemical process submo-
dels can be applied to aquatic pollution problems using
literature values for chemical properties. The chemical
transport and fate model TOXIWASP is linked with the
hydrodynamic model DYNHYD to calculate the up-
stream migration of seven volatile organic chemicals
from a waste water effluent to a drinking water treat-
ment plant in Philadelphia PA. Four steps of data ac-
quisition and simulation are described: (1) hydrodyna-
mics; (2) mass transport; (3) sediment transport; and,
(4) chemical transport and transformation. Graphs and
statistics indicate good agreement between simulation
results and observed concentrations. Confidence in-
tervals about the predictions generally envelop ob-
served ranges. Effluent concentration estimates pro-
vide the largest source of uncertainty. Existing trans-
port models may be adequate but could be improved
with refinement and recalibration.
Keywords: 'Estuaries, 'Waste water effluents,
Models, Delaware, Reprints, Volatile organic com-
pounds, TOXIWASP, DYNHYD.
PB88-170766/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Generic Quality Assurance Project Plan for Land
Disposal Restrictions Program ("BDAT) (Best
Demonstrated Available Technology) (Revised).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
J. R. Berlow, and D. Pepson. 6 Aug 87,39p EPA/530/
SW-87/011
The document details EPA's program for collecting
treatment data and sets forth the specific quality as-
surance and quality control parameters EPA is estab-
lishing for its BDAT program.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste manage-
ment, Quality assurance, Earth fills, Surveys, Quality
control.
PB88-170790/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Issues That Must Be Addressed When Construct-
ing Anatomical Models of the Developing Lung,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. G. Menache, and R. C. Graham. Feb 88,32p EPA/
600/D-88/023
Contract EPA-68-02-4450
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Published data on airway dimensions in the developing
human lung, including estimated age-dependent
changes and experimental data, have been summa-
rized to illustrate the variability and gaps in the data
used to develop anatomical models for deposition cal-
culations. A comparison of the morphological dimen-
sions resulting from various assumptions about the
volume distribution of pulmonary airways is also pre-
sented. Although deposition is not examined here, the
varibility in reported measurements underscores the
influence that anatomical parameters can have on
deposition calculations and the importance of further
investigation of lung dimensions to reduce the uncer-
tainties In computer simulations of delivered dose,
thereby improving the data base necessary for risk as-
sessment.
Keywords: 'Anatomical models, 'Lung, 'Air pollution,
Dimensional analysis, Respiration, Contaminants, Tox-
icity, Dosimetry, 'Air pollution effects(Humans), Airway
resistance.
PB88-170808/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Review and Evaluation of the Influence of Chemi-
cals on the Conductivity of Soil Clays,
Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Sta-
tion.
K. W. Brown. Feb 88,222p* EPA/600/2-88/016
Grants EPA-R-808824, EPA-R-811663
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
A study was undertaken to ascertain the effects of or-
ganic solvents on compacted soils. Laboratory meas-
urements showed that clay initially dispersed in water
will flocculate as the concentration of organic in-
creases. The hydraulic conductivity typically increased
two or three orders of magnitude at concentrations
above which the clay flocculated. Laboratory conduc-
tivity measurements indicated that elevated gradients
caused a significant decrease in conductivity when the
permeant was water. No significant changes were
found however with organic liquids. The average con-
ductivity of three commercial clays to xylene was sig-
nificantly greater than corresponding conductivities to
water. In addition, the conductivities of two of the three
commercial clays to both gasoline and kerosene were
also significantly increased. Conductivities measured
in the field test cells confirmed the results obtained in
the laboratory. All three soils exhibited increased con-
ductivity when exposed to xylene. When exposed to
acetone, the soils underwent an initial decrease in
conductivity.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Solvents, 'Hydrau-
lic conductivity, 'Clay soils, Soil compacting, Xylene,
Gasoline, Kerosene, Field tests, Acetone, Linings,
Waste disposal, Earth fills, Diagrams, Ground water.
PB88-170816/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ace-
tone Cyanohydrin.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 85,42p EPA/600/X-85/366
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for ace-
tone cyanohydrin was prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Crite-
ria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response to
support listings of hazardous constituents of a wide
range of waste streams under Section 3001 of the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to
provide health-related limits for emergency actions
under Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmen-
tal Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and environmental effects
profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable daily intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Acetone cyanohydrin,
CAS 75-86-5.
PB88-170824/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ae-
ry lamlde.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jul 85,105p EPA/600/X-85/270
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for acryl-
amide was prepared by the Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response to support list-
ings of hazardous constituents of a wide range of
waste streams under Section 3001 of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to pro-
vide health-related limits for emergency actions under
Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and environmental effects
profiles, 'Resource conservation and recovery act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable daily intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Acrylamide, CAS 79-06-
PB88-170632/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ac-
rylonltrile.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 85,148p EPA/600/X-85/372
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for acry-
lonitrile was prepared by the Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response to support list-
ings of hazardous constituents of a wide range of
waste streams under Section 3001 of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to pro-
vide health-related limits for emergency actions under
Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse. Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Quantitative estimates have been presented
provided sufficient data are available. Acrylonitrile has
been evaluated as a carcinogen. The human carcino-
gen potency factor (Q1 *) for acrylonitrile is .54 (mg/
kg/day)-1 for oral exposure. The Reportable Quantity
(HQ) value of 1,10, 100, 1000 or 5000 pounds is used
to determine the quantity of a hazardous substance for
which notification is required in the event of a release
as specified by CERCLA based on chronic toxicity.
The RQ value for acrylonitrile is 100.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable daily intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Acrylonitrile, CAS 107-
13-1.
PB88-170840/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
National Surface Wator Survey: National Stream
Survey Phase 1 Pilot Survey. Final rept.,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
J. J. Messer, K. N. Eshleman, S. M. Stambaugh, and P.
R. Kaufmann. Dec 86,200p* EPA/600/4-86/026
Contract EPA-68-03-3050
See also PB80-140298. Prepared in cooperation with
Radian Corp., Austin, TX., and Northrop Services, Inc.,
Corvallis, OR. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., OR.
A pilot survey of streams in the Southern Blue Ridge
Province was conducted by the U.S. Environmental
.no'c0'10" A9en°y during the spring and summer of
1985 as a means of testing a proposed methodology
for (1) determining the present extent and location of
acidic and low acid neutralizing capacity (ANC)
sfeams in the United States and (2) classifying sam-
p ed streams that are representative of important
classes of streams and, therefore, should be selected
for intensive study or long-term monitoring. Potentially
important uses of the data in the context of environ-
mental assessment of acidification are presented by
way of example.
Keywords: "Acidification, "Stream pollution, Surveys,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Neutralizing, Monitoring,
pH, Environmental impacts, Assessments, Inorganic
nitrates, Aluminum, Inorganic sulfates, Populations,
Estimates, Rainfall, Flow measurement, Acid precipita-
tion, Southern Blue Ridge Provenance.
Paaa-mssr/nsu	pc aos/mf aoi
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Allyl
Alcohol.	'
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 85,82p EPA/600/X-85/396
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for allyl
alcohol was prepared by the Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response to support list-
ings of hazardous constituents of a wide range of
waste streams under Section 3001 of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to pro-
vide health-related limits for emergency actions under
Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
thev pertained to potential human health, aquatic lif©
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Quantitative estimates have been presented
provided sufficient data are available. Allyl alcohol has
been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An Accept-
able Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount of a
chemical to which humans can be exposed on a daily
basis over an extended period of time (usually a life-
time) without suffering a deleterious effect, for allyl al-
cohol is 0.34 mg/day for oral exposure. The Report-
able Quantity (RQ) value of 1, 10, 100, 1000 or 5000
pounds is used to determine the quantity of a hazard-
ous substance for which notification is required in the
event of a release as specified by CERCLA based on
chronic toxicity. The RQ value for allyl alcohol is 100.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Allyl alcohol, CAS 107-
18-6.
PB88-170907/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Frequency and Transient Analysis of Skin Tem-
perature Control in the Mouse. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Experimental Biology Div.
C. J. Gordon. 1984,11 p EPA/600/J-84/411
Pub. in Physiological Zoology, v57 n5 p500-508 1984.
The control of tail skin temperature in mice was evalu-
ated with transient and frequency analysis using
2,450-MHz microwave radiation and ambient tempera-
ture as thermal stimuli. Restrained mice at an ambient
temperature (Ta) of 21 C were exposed to 2,450-MHz
microwaves at incident powers of 0.18, 0.37, 0.56, or
0.74 W and Ta increments of 2, 4, 6, or 8 C. During
thermal stimulation, tail skin temperature increased in
either an overdamped manner with no overshoot or
moderately damped with some overshoot over its set-
tled, steady-state level. The natural frequency of skin
temperature, calculated from response time and over-
shoot, was 0.0004-0.0006 Hz. A Bode plot for skin
temperature was constructed by exposing mice to
square-wave pulses of microwave radiation at frequen-
cies of 0.00027-0.0055 Hz. The corner frequency of
the Bode plot, where gain is attenuated, was 0.0006
Hz. The frequency and transient response of skin tem-
perature control are far below that of most other phys-
iologically controlled systems. Although the control of
skin temperature is a nonlinear system, it is shown that
frequency and transient analysis is a useful method for
describing overall control of skin temperature.
Keywords: "Temperature, "Skin(Anatomy), Mice, Lab-
oratory animals, Stress(Physiology), Reprints, "Fre-
quency analysis, "Transient analysis.
PB88-170915/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Sulfolane on Behavioral and Autonomic
Thermoregulation in the Rat. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. J. Gordon, R. S. Dyer, M. D. Long, and K. S. Fehlner.
1985,10p EPA/600/J-85/521
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health,
v16p461-468 1985.
In one study, colonic temperature, skin temperature
and metabolic rate and, in another study, preferred
ambient temperature (Ta) were measured over an 8 hr
period in the Sprague-Dawley rat following an intraperi-
toneal injection of 800 mg/kg sulfolane or physiologi-
cal saline. At Ta's of 15 and 25 C sulfolane caused a
significant inhibition in metabolic rate and reduction in
colonic temperature which lasted over the 8 hr meas-
uring period. At both Ta's, metabolic rate tended to re-
cover approximately 4 hr after sulfolane injection. Co-
lonic temperature tended to recover with time but was
still significantly reduced at 8 hr post-injection. Tail skin
temperature was unaffected by sulfolane. Preferred Ta
in the sulfolane-treated rat was not significantly differ-
ent from the controls. Interestingly, in spite of their hy-
pothermic condition, the sulfolane-treated animals did
not select a warm Ta which would have elevated their
body temperature to normal.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Thermoregulation, Rats,
Laboratory animals, Behavior, Reprints, "Sulfolane.
PB88-170923/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Body Temperature In the Mouse, Hamater, and
Rat Exposed to Radlofrequency Radiation: An In-
terspecies Comparison. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C J Gordon, M. D. Long, K. S. Fehlner, and A. G.
Stead. 1986,9p EPA/600/J-86/444
Pub. in Jnl. of Thermal Biology, v11 n1 p59-65 1986.
Colonic temperatures of BALB/c and CBA/J mice,
golden hamsters, and Sprague-Dawley rats were
taken immediately after exposure for 90 min to radio-
frequency (RF) radiation. Exposures were made in
2450 MHz (mouse and hamster) or 600 MHz (rat) wa-
veguide exposure systems while the dose rate, to spe-
cific adsorption rate (SAR), was continuously record-
ed. Experiments were performed on naive, unre-
strained animals at ambient temperatures (Ta) of 20
and 30 C. Body mass and Ta were found to be signifi-
cant factors in influencing the threshold SAR for the
elevation of colonic temperature. The threshold SARs
at Ta's of 20 and 30 C were respectively: 27.5 and 12.1
W/kg for the BALB/c mouse; 40.7 and 8.5 W/kg tor
the CBA/J mouse; 8.7 and 0.61 W/kg for the golden
hamster; and 1.50 and 0.4 W/kg for the Sprague-
Dawley rat.
Keywords: "Radiation effects, "Body temperature, Ex-
posure, Mice, Hamsters, Rats, Laboratory animals, Re-
prints, "Radiofrequency radiation.
PB88-170931/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Sulfolane-lnduced Hypothermia Enhances Surviv-
ability in Mice. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. J. Gordon, M. D. Long, K. S. Fehlner, and R. S. Dyer
1986, 8p EPA/600/J-86/443
Pub. in Environmental Research, v40 p92-97 1986.
Mice injected intraperitoneally with sulfolane (tetrahy-
drothiophene-1,1-dioxide) undergo a decrease in met-
abolic rate and body temperature. If given the opportu-
nity, mice treated with sulfolane preferentially seek a
cool ambient temperature. At a warm ambient temper-
ature (35 C) neither metabolic rate nor body tempera-
ture are decreased by sulfolane. When given the LD50
dose of sulfolane, the percent mortality varies directly
with ambient temperature. For example, at 35 C mor-
tality is 75% whereas at 25 C mortality is only 8%. By
undergoing an autonomically and behaviorally-medlat-
ed decrease in body temperature (i.e., regulated hypo-
thermia), sulfolane-treated mice appear to enhance
their chance of survival.
Keywords: "Hypothermia, "Survival, Thermoregula-
tion, Mice, Body temperature, Physiological effects.
Laboratory animals, Toxicology, Reprints, 'Sulfolane
Toxic substances.
PB88-170949/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Temperature Regulation in the Mouse and Ham-
ster Exposed to Microwaves In Hot Environment*.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
C. J. Gordon, M. D. Long, K. S. Fehlner, and A. G.
Stead. 1986,9p EPA/600/J-86/446
Pub. in Health Physics, v50 n6 p781-787 1986.
Colonic temperature was measured in naive BALB/c
mice and golden hamsters immediately following 90
min exposures to 2450 MHz radiofrequency (RF) radi-
ation at an ambient temperature (Ta) of 32.2 or 35 C
(dry air). Exposures were performed in a temperature-
controlled waveguide which permitted continuous
monitoring of the specific absorption rate (SAR) of RF
energy. At a Ta of 32.2 C the threshold SAR for elevat-
ing colonic temperature and the SAR resulting in a 1.0
C elevation in colonic temperature were, respectively
4.3 and 10.0 W/kg for the mouse and 0.69 and 1.9 VV/
kg for the hamster. At a Ta of 35 C these values were
0.12 and 5.3 W/kg for the mouse and 0.46 and 1.4 vif/
kg for the hamster. The SARs required to induce hy-
perthermia in the mouse and hamster at these relative-
ly warm Ta's are considerably lower than those re-
quired at cooler Ta's of 20 to 3 C. Overall, the hamster
became hyperthermic at lower SARs than in the
mouse. Ta's of 35 C and greater are frequently en-
countered during heat waves in the summer months.
Keywords: 'Radiation effects, "Microwaves, Mice
Hamsters. Exposure, Laboratory animals, Reprints'
"Temperature regulation,.Hot environments.	'
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-170956/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Temperature Regulation in the Unrestrained
Rabbit during Exposure to 600 MHz Radiofrequen-
cy Radiation. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Experimental Biology Div.
C.J. Gordon, M. D. Long, and K. S. Fehlner. 1986,13p
EPA/600/ J-86/447
Pub. in International Jnl. of Radiation Biology, v49 n6
p987-997 1986.
Six male New Zealand while rabbits were individually
exposed to 600 MHz radiofrequency (RF) radiation for
90 min in a waveguide exposure system at an ambient
temperature (Ta) of 20 or 30 C. Immediately after ex-
posure, the rabbit was removed from the exposure
chamber and its colonic and ear skin temperatures
were quickly measured. The whole-body specific ab-
sorption rate (SAR) required to increase colonic and
ear skin temperature was determined. At a Ta of 20 C
the threshold SAR for elevating colonic and ear skin
temperature was 0.64 and 0.26 W/kg, respectively. At
a Ta of 30 C the threshold SARs were slightly less than
at 20 C, with values of 0.26 W/kg for elevating colonic
temperature and 0.19 W/kg for elevating ear skin tem-
perature. The relationship between heat load and ele-
vation in deep body temperature shown in the study at
600 MHz is similar to past studies which employed
much higher frequencies of RF radiation (2450-2884
MHz).
Keywords: "Temperature regulation, Physiology, Rab-
bits, Laboratory animals, Exposure, Reprints, 'Radio-
frequency radiation.
PB88-170984/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Relationship between Autonomic and Behavioral
Thermoregulation in the Golden Hamster. Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Experimental Biology Div.
C. J. Gordon, K. S. Fehlner, and M. D. Long. 1986,7p
EPA/600/J-86/448
Pub. in American Jnl. of Physiology, v251 pR320-R324
1986.
Preferred ambient temperature (Ta) of male golden
hamsters (Mesocricitus auratus) was measured re-
peatedly by placing the animals in a temperature gradi-
ent for 80 min. A total of 180 observations were made
during the last 20 min of treatment in the gradient. The
mean preferred Ta was 28.2 +/- 0.2 (S.E.) C. In an-
other experiment the same animals were placed in a
temperature-controlled chamber for 80 min while met-
abolic rate, evaporative water loss, thermal conduct-
ance, and colonic temperature were measured at Ta's
of 14 to 34 C. The lower critical Ta, the Ta below which
metabolic rate increased above the resting level, was
28 C. This Ta corresponds closely to the mean pre-
ferred Ta of the hamster when placed in the tempera-
ture gradient. Evaporative water loss was minimal at
Ta's of 14 and 16 C and increased gradually with in-
creasing Ta. Thermal conductance wag relatively
stable between Ta's of 14 to 28 C and then increased
sharply with increasing Ta. The data from the hamster
are qualitatively similar to the mouse in that the pre-
ferred Ta corresponds with the lower critical Ta. It ap-
pears that, for these rodents, the control of preferred
Ta is critically related to the animal's metabolic re-
quirements.
Keywords: "Thermoregulation, Behavior, Hamsters,
Laboratory animals, Reprints, Mesocricitus auratus,
Autonomous.
PB8S-170972/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD.
Sister Chromatid Exchange and Chromosome Ab-
erration Analyses in Mice After In vivo Exposure
to Acrylonitrile, Styrene, or Butadiene Monoxide.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Y. Sharief, A. M. Brown, L. C. Backer, J. A. Campbell,
and B. Westbrook-Collins. C1986,12p EPA/600/J-86/
462
Pub. in Environmental Mutagenesis, v8 p439-448
1986. Prepared in cooperation with Environmental
Health Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Sponsored by Food and Drug Administra-
tion, Rockville, MD.
The use of polymers in plastic and rubber products has
generated concern that monomers potentially active in
biological systems may be eluted from these sub-
stances. The authors have evaluated two such mon-
omers, acrylonitrile and styrene, for the induction of
chromosome damage in mice. Butadiene monoxide, a
presumed metabolite of a third important monomer,
1,3-butadiene, was also tested. These chemicals were
administered as a single ip injection; sister chromatid
exchanges and chromosome aberrations were ana-
lyzed in bone marrow cells. Acrylonitrile and styrene
were largely negative for these endpoints when tested
at doses ranging to 60 mg/kg and 1,000 mg/kg, re-
spectively. Butadiene monoxide, which previously has
not been tested in a mammalian system, was deter-
mined to be a very effective inducer of sister chromatid
exchanges and chromosome aberrations. Both end-
points showed a clear dose response and a greater
than tenfold increase over control levels at high doses.
These studies represent an initial step in the efforts to
evaluate genetic risk associated with exposure to
common polymeric chemicals.
Keywords: "Toxicology, In vivo analysis, Mice, Expo-
sure, Laboratory animals, Reprints, Sister chromatid
exchange, "Chromosome aberration analyses, Acrylo-
nitrile, Styrene, Butadiene.
PB88-170980/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Cobalt(ll) Tetrasulfophthalocyanlne on Titanium
Dioxide: A New Efficient Electron Relay for the
Photocatalytic Formation and Depletion of Hydro-
gen Peroxide in Aqueous Suspensions. Journal ar-
ticle,
California Inst, of Tech., Pasadena. W.M. Keck Engi-
neering Lab. of Hydraulics and Water Resources.
A. P. Hong, D. W. Bahnemann, and M. R. Hoffmann.
C1987,11 p EPA/600/J-87/228
Grant EPA-R-812356
Pub. in Jnl. of Physical Chemistry 91, n8 p2109-2117
1987. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric
Sciences Research Lab.
The synthesis of the covalent linkage of
Cobalt(ll)tetrasulfophthalocyanine (Co(ll)TSP) to the
surface of titanium dioxide (Ti02) particles is de-
scribed. Upon irradiation with light, which exceeds the
bandgap energy of Ti02, Co(ll)TSP is reduced to
Co(l)TSP under anoxic conditions both as a dry
powder and in aqueous suspension. The photochemi-
cal reduction is shown to be fully reversible in the pres-
ence of 02. Hydrogen peroxide is produced upon irra-
diation of an aerated aqueous suspension of the
'hybrid' catalyst, Ti02-Co(ll)TSP. Formation kinetics
are followed in situ with a polarographic detector;
quantum yields, between 0.16 and 0.49 nave been de-
termined. The reactive photocatalytic center appears
to be generated by the attachment of 02 in the open
apical coordination site of the hybrid Co(ll)TSP com-
plex. Formation of Co(lll)TSP02- is enhanced by the
binding of TiO- surface groups in the opposite apical
position. Hydrogen peroxide is produced in a two step
electron transfer from the conduction band via the
Co(lll) center.
Keywords: "Titanium dioxide, Reprints, Cobalt(ll) tetra-
sulfophthalocyanine, Hydrogen peroxide.
PB88-170998/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Preparation and Characterization of Quantum Size
Zinc Oxide: A Detailed Spectroscopic Study. Jour-
nal article,
California Inst, of Tech., Pasadena. W.M. Keck Engi-
neering Lab. of Hydraulics and Water Resources.
D. W. Hahnemann, C. Kormann, and M. R. Hoffmann.
C1967,13p EPA/600/J-87/229
Contract EPA-R-812356
Pub. in Jnl. of Physical Chemistry 91, p3789-3798
1987. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric
Sciences Research Lab.
The synthesis of transparent colloidal suspensions of
small zinc oxide particles in water, 2-propanol, and
acetonitrile are reported. Quantum(Q)-size effects are
observed during particle growth and qualitatively inter-
preted using a simple molecular orbital (MO) picture.
The particles at the final stage of growth are approxi-
mately spherical in shape and consit of 2,000 to 3,000
ZnO molecules. They exhibit many of the photophysi-
cal properties of bulk zinc oxide. However, pronounced
shifts in the absorption spectrum during the illumina-
tion of anoxic suspensions of ZnO reveal a distinctively
different behavior of these small particles. Fluores-
cence spectra of the ZnO particles suggest that ad-
sorbed electron relays are necessary to shuttle elec-
tons from the conduction band into lower laying traps.
Two fluorescence maxima are observed at the final
growth stage of the ZnO particles.
Keywords: "Zinc oxide, "Spectroscopy,
Synthesis(Chemistry), Reprints, Colloids.
PB88-171004/,HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Results of 'In vitro' and 'In vivo* Genetic Toxicity
Tests on Methyl Isocyanate. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
M. D. Shelby, J. W. Allen, W. J. Caspary, S. Haworth,
and J. Ivett. C1987, 7p EPA/600/J-87/230
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v72 p183-
187 1987. Prepared in cooperation with National Inst,
of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle
Park, NC., Microbiological Associates, Bethesda, MD.,
Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC., and Brookhaven National
Lab., Upton, NY. Medical Dept.
Methyl isocyanate (MIC) was tested for genetic toxicity
in a variety of in vitro and in vivo assays. Negative re-
sults were obtained in the Salmonella/mammalian mi-
crosome assay using five bacterial strains in a preincu-
bation protocol. The Drosophila sex-linked recessive
lethal test also gave negative results in studies that in-
volved three routes of administration: inhalation; feed-
ing; and, injection. Positive results were obtained for
three endpoints in cultured mammalian cells. Repro-
ducible, dose-related increases in trifluorothymidine-
resistant clones were induced in L5178Y mouse lym-
phoma cells, and the frequencies of both SCE and
chromosomal aberrations increased in Chinese ham-
ster ovary cells. These effects were independent of ex-
ogenous metabolism. In mice exposed to MIC by inha-
lation, cytogenetic analyses were carried out on bone
marrow, blood, and lung cells. A single, 2-hr exposure
to concentrations of 0, 3, 10, and 30 ppm MIC pro-
duced no evidence of chromosomal effects in the
bone marrow, although significant cell cycle delay was
observed.
Keywords: "Toxicology, In vivo analysis, In vitro analy-
sis, Reprints, 'Genotoxicity, "Methyl isocyanate.
PB88-171012/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Guide for the 'Salmonella typhlmurlum'/MammaH-
an Microsome Teats for Bacterial Mutagenicity.
Journal article,	.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tnangle
Park, NC.
L D. Claxton, J. Allen, A. Auletta, K. Mortelmans, and
E. Nestmann. C1987,12p EPA/600/J-87/231
Pub. in Mutation Research, v189 p83-91 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Glaxo, Inc., Research Trian-
gle Park, NC., SRI International, Menlo Park, CA., and
Health and Welfare Canada, Ottawa (Ontario).
Since its development by Dr. Bruce Ames and his co-
workers, the Salmonella typhimurium/mammalian mi-
crosome mutagenicity assay has been used widely
throughout the world. Many authors have suggested
various modifications and made recommendations in
regards to the assay. Although the recommendations
of a panel of experts was published in 1979 by de-
Serres and Shelby, a committee of members of the En-
vironmental Mutagen Society (EMS) initiated this effort
in response to the encouragement by the American
Society of Testing and Materials (Committee
E47.09.01) and because of new developments within
the field of microbial mutagenesis tests, but it is not in-
tended for these recommendations to replace or di-
minish the usefulness of presently available protocols
and procedures.
Keywords: "Bacteria, Reprints, "Mutagenesis, Salmo-
nella tymphimurium, "Ames test, Microsome tests.
PB88-171020/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Temperature-Specific Inhibition of Human Red
Cell Na(1+)/K(1+) ATPase by 2450-MHz Micro-
wave Radiation. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Experimental Biology Div.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
J. W. Allis, andB. L. Sinha-Robinson. 1987,13p EPA/
600/J-87/232
Pub. in Bioelectromagnetics 8, p203-212 1987.
The ATPase activity in human red blood cell mem-
branes was investigated in vitro as a function of tem-
perature and exposure to 2450 MHz (CW) microwave
radiation. Assays were conducted spectrophotometri-
cally during microwave exposure with a custom-made
spectrophotometer-waveguide apparatus. Tempera-
ture profiles of total ATPase and Ca+2 ATPase (oua-
bain-inhibited) activity between 17 and 31 C were
graphed as an Arrhenius plot. Each data set was fitted
to two straight lines which intersected between 23 and
24 C. The difference between the total and Ca + 2
ATPase activities, which represented the Na+/K+
ATPase activity, was also plotted and treated similarly
to yield an intersection near 25 C. Exposure of mem-
brane suspensions to a 6 W/kg dose rate at 1 C inter-
vals between 23 and 27 C, resulted in an activity
change only for the Na+/K+ ATPase at 25 C. The ac-
tivity decreased by approximately 35% compared to
sham-irradiated samples. An hypothesis based on the
interaction of microwave radiation with enzyme struc-
ture during a conformational rearrangement is pro-
posed as an explanation for the effect.
Keywords: "Radiation effects, "Microwaves, "Temper-
ature, Inhibition, Humans, Erythrocytes, In vitro analy-
sis, Exposure, Reprints, ATPase.
PB88-171038/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Design Considerations for Ozone and Acid Aero-
sol Exposure and Health Investigations: The Fair-
view Lake Summer Camp - Photochemical Smog
Case Study. Journal article,
Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway,
NJ. Dept. of Environmental and Community Medicine.
P. J. Lioy, D. Spektor, G. Thurston, K. Citak, and M.
Lippmann. C1987,15p EPA/600/J-87/233
Pub. in Environment International, v13 p271-283 1987.
Prepared in cooperation with New York Univ. Medical
Center, NY. Inst, of Environmental Medicine, and
Boston City Hospital, MA. Channing Lab. Sponsored
by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC,
The health effects associated with ozone and acidic
particulate sulfate exposures to active children have
been and are being addressed in field epidemiological
studies at summer camps in rural areas of the North-
eastern U.S. The rationale and study design for stud-
ies, which have been conducted in Pennsylvania and
New Jersey, are developed and reviewed. As back-
ground, results are summarized for human clinical and
epidemiological studies and animal studies. These
provided the basis for selection of health outcomes,
measured results from chemical characterization and
transport studies are reviewed to define the criteria
used for selection of a site which is effected by high
ozone and acid species during photochemical smog
episodes. The integration of the study design is dis-
cussed in detail by reviewing its application to the 1984
- Fairview Lake Camp Study (July 8 to August 4). The
features of the camp study are reviewed, including the
study population, pulmonary function procedures and
analyses, air pollution monitoring instrumentation, and
the site characteristics.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Toxicology, 'Air pollution, Re-
prints, Acid rain, Smog, Photochemicals.
PB88-171046/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Analysis of the Molecular Electrostatic Potential
for the Prediction of N-Oxldation and Biological
Activity of Substituted Pyridines. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. R. Rabinowitz, K. Namboodiri, R. Osman, and H.
Weinstein. c1987,13p EPA/600/J-87/234
Pub. in Molecular Toxicology, v1 p131 -141 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Mount Sinai School of Medi-
cine, New York.
The increase in both structural variety and potential in-
dustrial applications of pyridine and its derivatives calls
for an improved understanding of the interactions of
compounds in the class with biological targets. The re-
activity of the heterocyclic nitrogen is a primary deter-
minant of the chemical properties of compounds in the
class; it also determines the spectrum of their potential
metabolites such as the N-oxides. Comparative stud-
ies on the reactivity of the nitrogen were carried out for
pyridine and its three monosubstituted derivatives 2-
aminopyridine (2-AP), 3-aminopyridine (3-AP), and 4-
aminopyridine (4-AP) to reveal the structural basis for
the differences in their susceptibility to N-oxidation.
Molecular orbital calculations were performed to
obtain the wave functions for the calculation of the mo-
lecular electrostatic potentials (MEP) generated by the
molecules. The comparison of the reactivity of the
cyclic nitrogen, evaluated from the depth and accessi-
bility of the minimum in the MEP, indicates that the ni-
trogen in 4-AP will be most susceptible to protonation
and will be the most protected from N-oxidation at
physiological pH values. The MEP map for 2-AP re-
veals the smallest minimum in the series of com-
pounds and a considerable reduction in the accessibil-
ity of the region near the cyclic nitrogen caused by the
proximal substitution. On this basis, 3-AP becomes the
most likely derivative to form the ring N-oxide.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Pyridines, Reprints, "Electro-
static potential, "Oxidation, Biological activity.
PB88-171053/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Physical and Biological Parameters that Deter-
mine the Fate of 'p'-Chlorophenol In Laboratory
Test Systems. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
P. H. Pritchard, E. J. O'Neill, C. M. Spain, and D. G.
Ahearn. C1987,9p EPA/600/J-87/236
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v53
n8 p1833-1838 Aug 87. Prepared in cooperation with
Technology Applications, Inc., Gulf Breeze, FL., and
Georgia State Univ., Atlanta.
Shake flask and microcosm studies were conducted to
determine the fate of parachlorophenol (p-CP) in water
and sediment systems and the role of sediment and
nonsediment surfaces in the biodegradation process.
Biodegradation of p-CP in estuarine water samples in
shake flasks was slow over incubation periods of 300
hours. The addition of detrital sediment resulted in im-
mediate and rapid degradation evidenced by the pro-
duction of 14C02 from (14C) p-CP. The addition of
sterile sediment, glass beads or sand resulted in an
approximately 4 to 6 times faster biodegradation than
observed in the water alone. Densities of p-CP degrad-
ing bacteria associated with the detrital sediment were
100 times greater than those enumerated in water.
Bacteria in the water and associated with the sediment
after preexposure of both water and sediment to p-CP
demonstrated enhanced biodegradation. In some mi-
crocosms, p-CP was degraded completely in the top
1.0 cm of intact sediment beds. Sediment reworking
activities by benthic invertebrates from one site were
sufficient to mi p-CP deep into the sediment bed faster
than biodegradation or molecular diffusion. p-CP was
persistant at lower depths of the sediment, possibly a
result of reduced oxygen conditions preventing aero-
bic biodegradation.
Keywords: Reprints, "Chlorophenol, "Biodegradation,
Parameters.
PB88-171061/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Reproductive Ecology of the Tidewater Silver-
side, 'Menidla peninsulas' (Pisces: Atherlnldae)
from Santa Rosa Island, Florida. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
D. P. Mlddaugh, and M. J. Hemmer. 1987,8p EPA/
600/J-87/235
Pub. inCopeia, n3 p727-7321987.
The reproductive ecology of the tidewater silverside,
Menidia peninsulae, was studied during February 1982
through February 1983 along the shoreline of Santa
Rosa Island, Florida. Adult Menidia were observed at
low tide spawning on a red alga, Ceramium byssoi-
deum, which was growing in the cracks and crevices of
a rocky substrate just below the low tide line. Pinfish,
Lagodon rhomboides, were noted preying upon newly
spawned Menidia eggs; gut analyses revealed a mean
number of 191 eggs in five of the predators. The
annual reproductive cycle of Menidia extends from
February through July or August with the highest
spawning activity during March through June at water
temperatures of 16.7 to 30.8 C. A single female with
ripe ova was collected in November. On eight occa-
sions, minima in female gonadal indices occurred in
association with recurring 3- to 4-day periods of tropic
tides, suggesting a tidally mediated spawning cycle at-
tuned to periods of very low tidal amplitude and thus
low tidal current velocities.
Keywords: "Reproduction(Biology), "Ecology, Florida,
Reprints, Menidia peninsulae, Santa Rosa
Island(Florida), Ceramium byssoideum, Tidewater sil-
verside.
PB88-171079/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Fungicide Methyl 2-Benzlmidazole Carbamate
Causes Infertility in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. D. Carter, R. A. Hess, and J. W. Laskey. c1987,1 ip
EPA/600/J-87/267
Pub. in Biology of Reproduction, v37 p709-717 1987.
Presented at the 1985 annual meeting of the Society
of Toxicology, San Diego, CA. Prepared in cooperation
with Northrop Services, Inc./Environmental Sciences.
Research T riangle Park, NC.
A serial breeding technique was used to evaluate the
fertility of male Sprague-Dawley rats after exposure to
the fungicide carbendazim (methyl 2-benzimidazole
carbamate)(C). Proven-fertile male rats (90 d old) re-
ceived 10 daily doses of corn oil or C(400 mg/kg/d)
peroral. Each male was bred with a new female each
wk; breeding began on the third d of treatment and
continued for 32 wks postexposure. Twelve d after
each breeding period the females were killed, their
uteri and fetuses were examined, & the number of
dead and viable fetuses was determined. All males
were killed 35 wks postexposure, & testicular tissue
was prepared lor histopathological examination by
vascular perfusion. Fertility (% fertile as indicated by
pregnant females) of males in the C-treated group was
depressed during the first postexposure wk; 10 of the
24 treated males failed to breed, as compared with no
breeding failures in the control group. By the 5th pos-
texposure wk, 16 of the 24 C-treated males were infer-
tile. Of these 16 males 4 recovered fertility after a fail-
ure to breed for 5 to 11 consecutive breeding periods.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Fungicides, Laboratory ani-
mals, Rats, Reproduction(Biology), Fertility, Reprints,
"Carbendazim.
PB88-171087/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Thermoregulation In Mice Following Acute Admin-
istration of Lead Acetate. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. J. Gordon, R. A. Workman, and J. Highfill. c1987,6p
EPA/600/J-87/223
Pub. in Neurotoxicology and Teratology, v9 p193-196
1987. See also PB86-175429. Prepared in cooperation
with Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park,
NC.
Several reports in the literature suggest a relationship
between lead intoxication and thermoregulatory ca-
pacity. To investigate the effects of lead on the control
of body temperature, mice of the BALB/c strain were
injected intraperitoneally with lead acetate (0 to 100
mg/kg) while colonic temperature was measured 30,
60, and 90 min post-injection at ambient temperatures
(Ta) of 20 and 30 C. Lead acetate caused a transient
hypothermia, an effect which was augmented at cooler
Ta's. In a second experiment, mice were injected with
100 mg/kg lead acetate and placed in a longitudinal
temperature gradient to measure their preferred Ta.
Lead acetate significantly reduced the preferred Ta
during the first 30 min post-injection. Thus, lead ace-
tate-treated mice selected a cooler Ta which augment-
ed the lead-induced hypothermia. In a third experiment
it was found that lead acetate-induced lethality was po-
tentiated with increasing Ta. Hence, the hypothermic
response to acute lead acetate treatment may be ben-
eficial to survival.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Thermoregulation, "Lead ac-
etate, Mice, Laboratory animals, Reprints.
PB88-171095/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Relationship between Behavioral and Autonomic
Thermoregulation in the Guinea Pig. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. J. Gordon. 1986,7p EPA/600/J-86/451
Pub. in Physiology and Behavior, v38 p827-831 1986.
The study was conducted to correlate the preferred
thermal environment of the unrestrained guinea pig
with the activity of its thermoregulatory effectors when
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
maintained under a wide range of ambient tempera-
tures (Ta). Eight male guinea pigs were used in a
series of experiments on behavioral and autonomic
thermoregulatory function. In the behavioral experi-
ment, individual guinea pigs were placed in a tempera-
ture gradient for 90 min while their position in the gradi-
ent was noted at 5 min intervals during the last 30 min
of treatment. Their position in the gradient correspond-
ed to a preferred Ta of 30.6 +/3.B (S.D.) C. In the ex-
periments to determine autonomic function, individual
guinea pigs were placed in an environmental chamber
thermostabilized to Ta's of 16 to 34 C. Metabolic rate
(MR) and evaporative water loss (EWL) were continu-
ously monitored for 90 min. After the guinea pigs were
in the chamber for 90 min their colonic temperature
was measured. MR was relatively stable between Ta's
of 20 to 34 C.
Keywords: 'Thermoregulation, Guinea pigs, Laborato-
ry animals, Relationships, Reprints.
PB88-171103/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effect of Nickel and Cadmium Chloride on Auto-
nomic and Behavioral Thermoregulation in Mice.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. J. Gordon, and A. G. Stead. 1986,12p EPA/600/J-
86/449
Pub. in Neurotoxicology-7, n3 p97-106 1986.
Male BALB/c mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.)
with nickel chloride (0, 5,10, and 15 mg/kg) or cadmi-
um chloride (0, 2, 4, and 6 mg/kg) while preferred am-
bient temperature (Ta) and activity were measured.
Both metals caused drastic reductions in preferred Ta
and activity within 30 min postinjection. Preferred Ta
and activity were depressed for up to 90 min following
nickel and cadmium injection. In a second experiment,
body temperature was measured 60 min following the
injection of nickel or cadmium chloride at a Ta of 20,
30, or 35 C. Nickel and cadmium caused a drastic re-
duction in body temperature when injected at a Ta of
20 and 30 C but produced either no effect or only a
slight elevation in body temperature at a Ta of 35 C. In
a third experiment, metabolic rate was measured con-
tinuously for 60 min following the i.p. injection of a rela-
tively large dose of nickel (15 mg/kg) or cadmium chlo-
ride (6 mg/kg) at a Ta of 20,30, and 35 C. Both metals
caused significant reductions in metabolic rate at Ta's
Of 20 and 30 C.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Nickel chloride, 'Cadmium
chloride, 'Thermoregulation, Mice, Laboratory ani-
mals, Reprints.
PB88-171111/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Alcohol on Behavioral and Autonomic
Thermoregulation in Mice. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. J. Gordon, and A. G. Stead. 1986,7p
Pub. in Alcohol, v3 p339-3431986.
Male, BALB/c mice were injected intraperitoneally
with ethyl alcohol (ethanol) in dosages of 0, 0.03, 0.1,
0.3,1-0, or 3.0 g/kg and then placed in a temperature
gradient which permitted the measurement of pre-
ferred ambient temperature (Ta). The 3 g/kg dosage
of ethanol resulted in a slight lowering of the preferred
Ta during the first 30 min of placement in the gradient.
However, there was no overall statistically significant
effect of alcohol dosage on preferred Ta. In another
experiment, BALB/c mice were treated with the afore-
mentioned thanol dosages while metabolic rate (MR),
evaporative water loss (EWL), and colonic tempera-
ture were measured 60 min post-injection at Ta's of
20, 30, and 35 C a dosage of 3 g/kg caused a signifi-
cant decrease in MR, EWL, and colonic temperature.
At a Ta of 30 C this same dosage caused significant re-
duction in colonic temperature, however; at Ta of 35 C
ethanol had no effect on these parameters. In spite of
the significant decrease in colonic temperature at a Ta
of 30 C, which approximates the normal preferred Ta,
the behavioral thermal preference was marginally af-
fected. It is not clear whether or not ethanol injection
results in a decrease in the set-point body tempera-
ture.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Alcohols, 'Behavior. Mice,
Laboratory animals, Reprints, 'Thermoregulation.
PB88-171129/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Normalizing the Thermal Effects of Radiofrequen-
cy Radiation: Body Mass Versus Total Body Sur-
face Area. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. J. Gordon. 1987,10p EPA/600/J-87/220
Pub. in Bioelectromagnetics 8, p111-118 1987.
The current guideline for exposure to radiofrequency
radiation (RFR) of 0.4 W/kg may have inadvertently
been set to high. The guideline is based on the rate of
RFR absorption normalized with respect to body mass.
Based primarily on data for work stoppage in the rat,
the 0.4 W/kg guideline was calculated by the dividing
the 4.0 W/kg dose by a safety factor of 10. However, if
the RFR dose in the rat had been normalized with re-
spect to surface area rather than body mass, the expo-
sure guideline would be 2.3 W/sq m which translates,
for a 80 kg adult, to an SAR of approximately 0.06 W/
kg. Thus, the current RF exposure guideline may be
several fold greater than originally intended.
Keywords: 'Irradiation, 'Exposure, Guidelines, Ther-
moregulation, Electromagnetic radiation, Radiation tol-
erance, Heat flux, Area, Reprints, 'Radiofrequency ra-
diation hazards.
PB88-171137/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Reduction in Metabolic Heat Production during
Exposure to Radio-Frequency Radiation In the
Rat. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. J. Gordon. 1987,7p EPA/600/J-87/221
Pub. in Jnl. of Applied Physiology, v62 n5 p1814-1818
1987.
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained at an am-
bient temperature (Ta) of 10 C and exposed to 600
MHz radiofrequency (RF) radiation while metabolic
rate (MR) was measured by indirect calorimetry. RF ra-
diation exposures were made in a waveguide-type
system which permitted the continuous control of spe-
cific absorption rate (SAR). SAR's of 1 to 5 W/kg led to
significant reductions in MR when averaged 30 to 60
mm after the initiation of RF radiation exposure. The
total decrease in MR during RF radiation exposure ac-
counted for approximately 37% of the total RF heat
load. Treatment of the rats to the same SARs at Ta of
10 C resulted in a significant elevation of colonic tem-
perature. Thus, in spite of the decrease in MR, heat
gain still exceeded heat loss during RF radiation expo-
sure with a resultant elevation in deep body tempera-
ture.
Keywords: 'Metabolic heat, Rats, Laboratory animals,
Exposure, Reprints, 'Radiofrequency radiation.
PB88-171145/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Relationship between Preferred Ambient Temper-
ature and Autonomic Thermoregulatory Function
In Rat Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. J. Gordon. 1987, lOp EPA/600/J-87/222
Pub. in American Jnl. of Physiology, v252 pR1130-
R1137 1987.
The study was designed to elucidate the interrelation-
ships between behavioral and autonomic thermoregu-
lation in three common strains of the laboratory rat. In
one experiment 8 adult rats of the Sprague-Dawley
(SD), Long-Evans (LE), and Fischer (FCH) strains were
repeatedly placed in a longitudinal temperature gradi-
ent while their preferred ambient temperature (Ta) was
recorded. The mean preferred Ta's (plus or minus
S.E.) for the SD, LE, and FCH strains were 24.9 plus or
minus 0.4, 19.8 plus or minus 0.3, and 23.4 plus or
minus 0.3 C, respectively. In another experiment indi-
vidual adult rats of the same strains were placed in an
environmental chamber thermostabilized at a Ta of 14,
16,18 ... or 36 C for 90 min while metabolic rate (MR),
evaporative water loss (EWL), thermal conductance
(C), and colonic temperature (Tcol) were determined.
All three strains exhibited a minimal MR at a Ta of 30
C. As Ta decreased below 30 C, MR increased in a
non-linear fashion. EWL and C were minimal at cool
Ta's and increased gradually with an elevation in Ta.
Keywords: 'Thermoregulation, Guinea pigs, Laborato-
ry animals, Relationships, Reprints.
PB88-171152/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
In vitro and in vivo Toxicity: A Comparison of Ac-
rylamide, Cyclophosphamide, Chlordecone, and
Diethylstilbestrol. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. E. Simmons, E. Berman, M. Jackson, and J. Lewtas.
C1987, 28p EPA/600/J-87/224
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Science and Health A22,
n7 p639-664 1987. Prepared in cooperation with Envi-
ronmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Four chemicals that had been tested in an in vivo toxi-
cological screen were tested in a Chinese hamster
ovary (CHO) cytotoxicity assay. Cell density, viability,
ATP concentration, rate of protein synthesis, and cel-
lular protein concentration were decreased by expo-
sure to acrylamide (AC), chlordecone (CHL), cyclo-
phosphamide (CYC), and diethylstilbestrol (DES).
Based on the in vitro toxicity rankings, DES and CHL
were more toxic than AC or CYC. The ability of the
CHO assay to respond to DES and CHL was compara-
ble to other published in vitro assays. However, the
CHO assay was unresponsive to concentrations of AC
and CYC detected by assay systems composed of
cells derived from the nervous system and assays con-
taining metabolic activation, respectively. In vivo, the
four chemicals were toxic following 10 daily treat-
ments. While CYC was the least toxic chemical in vitro,
it was one of the most toxic in vivo. This lack of correla-
tion between the in vivo and the in vitro data in the
study may be due to the lack of metabolic activation in
the CHO cytotoxicity assay or may indicate the inability
of the CHO cytotoxicity assay to discriminate between
highly toxic chemicals.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, Comparison, In vitro analysis, In
vivo analysis, Reprints, Acrylamide, Cyclophospha-
mide, Chlordecone, Diethylstilbestrol.
PB88-171160/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparative Thermoregulatory Response to Pas-
sive Heat Loading by Exposure to Radiofrequen-
cy Radiation. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C J. Gordon, and J. S. Ali. 1987,8p EPA/600/J-87/
265
Pub. in Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,
v88A n1 p107-112 1987.
Colonic and tail skin temperature of the unrestrained
Fischer rat were measured immediately after a 90 min
exposure to 600 MHz radiofrequency radiation in a wa-
veguide-type system. Ambient temperature (Ta) was
maintained at either 20, 28, or 35 C. The specific ab-
sorption rate (SAR) in dimensions of W/kg was con-
trolled at a constant level through a feedback control
circuit. The SAR needed to elevate colonic and tail
skin temperature decreased with increasing Ta. For
example, a 0.5 C elevation in colonic temperature oc-
curred at SAR's of 4.3,0.9, and 0.5 W/kg when Ta was
maintained at 20,28, and 35 C, respectively. Data from
the present study were combined with data from earli-
er studies to assess the impact of varying Ta on the
thermogenic effect of RF radiation in different species.
In species ranging in mass from 0.02 to 3.2 kg, a
double logarithmic plot of body mass versus SAR
needed to elevate colonic temperature by 0.5 C was
linear and inverse with a high goodness of fit (r(2) = -
0.94). The highly correlated allometric relationship
shows that, as body mass decreases, the relative
impact of Ta on the thermogenic effect of RF radiation
increases.
Keywords: 'Ambient temperature, Microwaves, Re-
prints, 'Allometric function, 'Temperature regulation,
Tail vasodilation, Specific absorption rate.
PB88-171178/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Status ol EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)
Radon Mitigation Demonstration Program,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
A. B. Craig. Feb 88,11 p* EPA/600/D-88/037
The paper discusses the portion of EPA's radon reduc-
tion technology development/demonstration program
dealing with tne study of reduction methods for exist-
ing and new construction houses. The EPA program
has as its objective the development and demonstra-
tion of cost-effective radon reduction techniques appli-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
cable to existing and new construction houses, all
housing substructure types, a wide range ot house
design and construction features, a range of initial
radon concentrations, a variety of radon mitigation ap-
proaches, and a scope that is national. The program,
which started on a small scale in 1984, is divided into
four major areas: methods for radon entry diagnosis
and reduction performance testing, reduction methods
for existing houses, reduction methods for new
houses, and program support and information transfer.
After 1 year of study, a matrix was developed to try to
systematize a very complex problem. As a result of the
development of the matrix, it appears that at least 600
houses will need to be studied to cover all the varia-
bles to a satisfactory degree, making the mitigation of
essentially any housing type possible. The number will
be studied over a period of 5-8 years.
Keywords: "Radon, "Residential buildings, "Air pollu-
tion control, "Indoor air pollution, Stationary sources,
Mitigation.
PB88-171186/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Research Issues Identified Through the Use of
Mathematical Dosimetry Models: Ozone,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
F. J. Miller. Feb 88, 22p EPA/600/D-88/038
Knowledge of dose is a fundamental starting point in
the evaluation of the toxicity of chemicals, not only for
interspecies comparisons but also for designing ex-
periments that elucidate mechanisms of action and
that identify issues or research areas for further study.
Using a mathematical dosimetry model for ozone, the
paper mainly focuses on how models can be used to
identify dosimetric research issues and lead to imple-
mentation of research projects that address them. Crit-
ical to these efforts are sensitivity analyses wherein
model parameters are varied and effects on predicted
dose are quantified. The use of models to identify re-
search projects and issues reflects an application
which may in the long-term be equally important as the
more traditionally recognized function of predicting the
dose of a chemical at target sites.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Exposure, Mathematical models,
Toxicity, Hazardous materials, Pollution, Respiratory
diseases, Lung, Dosimetry, "Toxic substances.
PB88-171194/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Model for Comparison of Animal and Human Alve-
olar Dose and Toxic Effect of Inhaled Ozone,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.	a
G. E. Hatch, H. Koran, and M. Aissa. Feb 88,22p EPA/
600/D-88/039
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Present models for predicting human pulmonary toxici-
ty of ozone from the toxic effects observed in animals
rely on dosimetric measurements of ozone mass bal-
ance, and species comparisons of tissue protective
mechanisms against ozone. The goal of the present
study was to identify a method to directly compare
ozone dose and effect in animals and humans using
bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid markers. Feasibility
of estimating ozone dose to lung alveoli was demon-
strated through assay of reaction products of oxygen-
18 labeled ozone in lung surfactant and macrophage
pellets of rabbits. Feasibility of using BAL protein
measurements to quantify the ozone toxic response in
humans was demonstrated by the finding of signifi-
cantly increased BAL protein in 10 subjects exposed to
0.4 ppm ozone for 2 hr with intermittant periods of
heavy exercise.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Dosimetry, "Exposure, Toxicity,
Respiratory diseases, Mathematical models, Air pollu-
tion, Lung, "Toxic substances, BAL(Broncho Alveolar
Lavage).
PB88-171202/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Use of Limited Protocols to Evaluate the Geno-
toxicity of Hazardous Wastes In Mammalian Cell
Assays: Comparison to 'Salmonella'. Journal arti-
Hazleton Biotechnologies, Kensington, MD.
D J Brusick, D. M. DeMarini, and J. Lewtas. C1987,
17p EPA/600/J-87/266
1004 Vol. 90, No. 24
Contract EPA-68-02-3682
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health,
v22 p225-239 1987. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Dichloromethane extracts of four diverse hazardous
wastes (coke plant, herbicide mfg., pulp and paper,
and oil refining) were evaluated for mutagenicity in
strains TA98 and TA100 of Salmonella. These extracts
also were tested for biological activity in short-term
mammalian cells assays, including mutagenicity in
L5178Y/TK+/- mouse lymphoma cells, morphologi-
cal transformation in Balb/c-3T3 cells, and teratogenic
potential in mouse limb bud cells. The mammalian cell
assays were performed using limited protocols that
consisted of a preliminary testing of the extracts for cy-
totoxicity in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in
order to estimate the appropriate dose range for the
other assays. In general, preliminary cytotoxicity test-
ing with CHO cells helped to establish the dose range
appropriate for the other mammalian cell assays. Al-
though all four of the wastes were presumptively posi-
tive for either mutation or cytogenetic effects, none of
the wastes transformed Balb/c-3T3 cells. (Copyright
(c) 1987 by Hemisphere Publishing Corporation.)
Keywords: "Chloromethanes, Cells(Biology), Assay-
ing, Genetics, Toxicology, Industrial wastes, Carcino-
gens, Tests, Reprints, "Hazardous wastes, "Cytotoxi-
city tests(lmmunologic), Mutagenicity tests.
PB88-171210/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Mutagenicity in Salmonella of Hazardous Wastes
and Urine from Rats Fed These Wastes. Journal ar-
ticle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D. M. DeMarini, J. P. Inmon, J. E. Simmons, E. Berman,
and T. C. Pasley. c1987,14p EPA/600/J-87/270
Pub. in Mutation Research, v189 p205-216 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Environmental Health Re-
search and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
15 hazardous industrial waste samples were evaluated
for mutagenicity in the Salmonella plate-incorporation
assay using strains TA98 and TA100 in the presence
and absence of Aroclor 1254-induced rat liver S9.
Dichloromethane/methanol extracts of the crude
wastes were also evaluated. 7 of the crude wastes
were mutagenic, but only 2 of the extracts of these 7
wastes were mutagenic; extracts of 2 additional
wastes also were mutagenic. In addition, 10 of the
crude wastes were administered by gavage to F-344
rats, and 24-h urine samples were collected. Of the 10
raw urines evaluated, 3 were mutagenic in strain TA98
in the presence of S9 and beta-glucuronidase. The 3
crude wastes that produced these 3 mutagenic urines
were, themselves, mutagenic. Adequate volumes of 6
of the 10 raw urines were available for extraction/con-
centration. These 6 urines were incubated with beta-
glucuronidase and eluted through Sep-Pak C18 col-
umns; the methanol eluates of 3 of the urines were mu-
tagenic, and these were the same 3 whose raw urines
also were mutagenic. In general, the C18/methanol
extraction procedure reduced the cytotoxicity and in-
creased the mutagenic potency of the urines. To the
authors knowledge, this is the first report of the muta-
genicity of urine from rodents exposed to hazardous
wastes.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Bacteria, "Urine, Rats, Labo-
ratory animals, Reprints, "Mutagenesis, Salmonella,
"Hazardous wastes.
PB88-171228/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) Synthesis Following
Microinjection of Heterologous Sperm and Somat-
ic Cell Nuclei Into Hamster Oocytes. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. J. Naish, S. D. Parreault, and B. R. Zirkin. c1987,
14p EPA/600/J-87/269
Pub. in Gamete Research, v18 p109-120 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Johns Hopkins Univ., Balti-
more, MD. Dept. of Population Dynamics.
The authors have investigated the ability of the ham-
ster oocyte to initiate DNA synthesis in nuclei differing
in basic protein content. DNA synthesis was studied by
autoradiography in oocytes that had been incubated in
3H-thymidine after being parthenogenetically activat-
ed by sham microinjection, or microinjected with ham-
ster mouse, rabbit, or fish sperm nuclei, or hamster
hepatocyte nuclei. Within 6 hr of sham or nucleus mi-
croinjection, nuclei of each type underwent transfor-
mation into pronuclei and synthesized DNA. These re-
sults demonstrated that the hamster egg can access
and utilize its own and each type of template provided,
whether homologous or heterologous. However, pron-
uclei derived from hamster sperm nuclei were more
likely to be synthesizing DNA at 6 hr than pronuclei de-
rived from sperm nuclei of other species. The authors
conclude that the mechanisms employed by the ham-
ster oocyte to transform hamster sperm nuclei into
pronuclei and to effect DNA synthesis in these nuclei
are not specific for the hamster sperm nucleus. Never-
theless, these mechanisms apparently operate more
efficiently when the hamster sperm nucleus, rather
than a heterologous sperm nucleus, is present.
Keywords:	"Deoxyribonucleic	acids,
Synthesis(Chemistry), Hamsters, Reprints, Oocytes,
Nuclei, Autoradiography.
PB88-171236/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Research Activities in Drinking Water Technolo-
gy: A Progress Report,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research Div.
R. M. Clark. Feb88,43p* EPA/600/D-88/036
The Safe Drinking Water Act and its Amendments
(SDWAA) have given EPA an aggressive standard set-
ting agenda. The agenda, if carried out fully, will impact
on water utilities in the U.S. EPA's Drinking Water Re-
search Division (DWRD) is responsible for evaluating
technologies for meeting the MCLs to be established
under SDWAA. The purpose of the paper is to discuss
DWRD's current research intended to support the
MCL development process. Work is actively being
conducted in the following areas: identification and
control of disinfection by-products; use of microco-
lumn and adsorption modeling to predict usage rates
for granular activated carbon (GAC); cost of GAC sys-
tems; use of ozone and ozone/H202 for oxidation of
organics; reverse osmosis; radon removal; calculation
of C.t values; and control of water quality in distribution
systems. Among the most promising technologies for
organic removal are ozone, ozone in combination with
other oxidants, and reverse osmosis (ultrafiltration).
Work will also continue in examining various tech-
niques for disinfection of pathogenic organisms.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water supply, Technology
transfer, Water treatment, Small water systems, Drink-
ing Water Research Division.
PB88-171251/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Incidence of Chromosome Aberrations In Mam-
malian Sperm Stained with Hoechst 33342 and
UV-Laser Irradiated during Flow Sorting. Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
B. L. Libbus, S. D. Perreault, L. A. Johnson, and D.
Pinkel. C1987,12p EPA/600/J-87/268
Pub. in Mutation Research, V182 p265-274 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Agricultural Research Serv-
ice, Beltsville, MD., and Lawrence Livermore National
Lab., CA. Biomedical Sciences Div.
The separation of two sperm populations is possible
using the technique of flow sorting, provided that a sig-
nificant difference exists in the DNA content of X- and
Y-bearing sperm. In order to ascertain whether or not
chromosome damage was induced in sorted sperm
chromosome preparations were made from isolated
sperm that had been microinjected into hamster eggs
While egg chromosomes exhibited a low frequency of
chromosome aberrations, ranging from 4 to 7%, a
large proportion of sperm cells exhibited chromosome
damage. Between 29% of unstained and unsorted
sperm and 38% of stained and unsorted sperm exhib-
ited some type of chromosomal abnormality and this
proportion increased to 50% in sorted sperm. If orfly
damaged sperm nuclei are considered, the two unsort-
ed sperm groups had a mean of 0.6 breaks, 0.8 trira-
dial exchanges, and 0.2 quadriradial exchanges per
nucleus. However, sorted sperm, which were stained
with a fluorochrome and exposed to UV-laser irradia-
tion, exhibited a mean of 2.9 breaks, 2.6 triradial, and
1.9 quadriradial exchanges per nucleus in which
damage occurred. These observations indicate that
the treatments and manipulations to which sperm
nuclei are subjected during flow sorting cause chromo-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
UV-laser irradiation contributes substantially to the
chromosome damage observed.
Keywords-. "Radiation effects, "Chromosomes, Mam-
mals, Sperm, Reprints, "Ultraviolet laser radiation,
Flow sorting, Hoechst 33342.
PB88-171269/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Acrolein.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 85,124p EPA/600/X-85/369
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for acro-
lein was prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and As-
sessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response to support listings of
hazardous constituents of a wide range of waste
streams under Section 3001 of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide
health-related limits for emergency actions under Sec-
tion 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Quantitative estimates have been presented
provided sufficient data are available. Acrolein has
been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An Accept-
able Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount of a
chemical to which humans can be exposed on a daily
basis over an extended period of time (usually a life-
time) without suffering a deleterious effect, for acrolein
is 1.09 mg/day for oral exposure. The Reportable
Quantity (RQ) value of 1, 10, 100, 1000 or 5000
pounds is used to determine the quantity of a hazard-
ous substance for which notification is required in the
event of a release as specified by CERCLA based on
chronic toxicity. The RQ value for acrolein is 10.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and environmental effects
profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable daily intaKe, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Acrolein, CAS 107-02-8.
PB88-171301/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Field Operations and Quality Assurance/Quality
Control for Direct/Delayed Response Project Soil
Mapping Activities In the Northeast Region,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. A. Lammers, D. L. Cassell, J. J. Lee, D. L. Stevens,
and R. S. Turner. Apr 87,140p EPA/600/3-87/017
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Corvallis, OR., Eastern Oregon State Coll., La Grande,
and Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., Oak Ridge,
TN.
The Direct/Delayed Response Project is a three-level
program designed to address the concern over poten-
tial acidification of surface waters by atmospheric dep-
osition within the United States. The mapping phase of
the northeast region soil survey was conducted during
the spring of 1985 as an inventory to characterize the
spatial distribution of soils, vegetation, depth-to-bed-
rock, and lithology of watersheds located in a region of
the United States believed to be susceptible to the ef-
fects of acid deposition. The document describes the
planning activities and summarizes the field operation
and quality assurance/quality control activities associ-
ated with the mapping of the northeast region.
Keywords: "Soil surveys, "Mapping, Quality control,
Acidification, Surface waters, Spatial distribution,
Vegetation, Lithology, Rocks. Watersheds, Statistical
analysis, Correlation, Sampling, Northeastern
Region(United States).
OM8-171327/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation ot Municipal Solid Waste Landfill
Cover Designs. Final rept. Aug 85-Aug 86,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
I R Dwyer, J. C. Walton, W. E. Greenberg, and R.
Clark Dec 86,133p EPA/600/2-86/110
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati. OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The HELP (Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Perform-
ance) Model was used to evaluate the hydrologic be-
havior of a series of one-, two-, and three-layer cover
designs for municipal solid waste landfill cover designs
were chosen to isolate the effects of features such as
surface vegetation, thickness, soil type and hydraulic
conductivity of the layers on the average annual runoff,
cover percolation, evapotranspiration, and lateral
drainage. The results of the evaluations are presented
in numerous bar charts to supplement the tables and
schematics. Soil hydraulic conductivity was one of the
most important design features in controlling cover
percolation for all covers tested. Minimal cover perco-
lation and runoff were the two main criteria used to
select the four best cover designs. The report also in-
cludes a brief discussion of four other aspects of land-
fill cover design: animal and vector control, subsid-
ence, gas control, and cost.
Keywords: "Earth fills, Coverings, Hydrology, Mathe-
matical models, Design criteria, Performance evalua-
tion, Soil physics, Percolation, Runoff, "Municipal solid
waste, "Urban hydrology.
PB88-171335/HSU	PC A99/MF E08
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Organic Chemi-
cals, Plastics and Synthetic Fibers. Point Source
Category. Volume 1. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Industrial Technology Div.
E. H. Forsht. Oct 87,1272p EPA/440/1-87/009
The document describes the technical development of
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's promul-
gated effluent limitations guidelines and standards that
control the discharge of pollutants into navigable
waters and publicly owned treatment works (POTWs)
by existing and new sources in the organic chemicals,
plastics, and synthetic fibers point source category.
The regulation establishes effluent limitations guide-
lines attainable by the application of the 'best practica-
ble control technology currently available' (BPT) and
the 'best available technology economically achieva-
ble' (BAT), Pretreatment standards applicable to exist-
ing and new discharges to POTWs (PSES and PSNS,
respectively), and new source performance standards
(NSPS) attainable by the application of the 'best avail-
able demonstrated control technology'. The regulation
was promulgated under the authority of Section 301,
304, 306, 307, 308, and 501 of the Clean Water Act
(the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments
of 1972, 33 U.S.C. 1251 et seq,, as amended). It was
also promulgated in response to the Settlement
Agreement in Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.
v. Train, 8 ERC 2120 (D.D.C. 1976), modified, 12 ERC
1833 (D.D.C.).
Keywords: "Synthetic fibers, "Water pollution control,
Organic compounds, Plastics, Standards, Guidelines,
Industrial wastes, "Chemical effluents.
PB88-171418/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Behavior, Physiology, and Energy Deposition In
Rats Chronically Exposed to 2450 MHz Radiation,
Utah Univ., Salt Lake City.
J. A. D'Andrea, and O. P. Gandhi. Nov 87,149p EPA/
600/1-87/012
Contract EPA-68-02-3456
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The research program was initiated to determine both
the specific absorption rate (SAR) and the behavioral
and physiological consequences of chronic CW micro-
wave radiation exposure at 2450 MHz in the laboratory
rat. Whoie-body average and local SARs at discrete
sites within the body of rats and mice were determined
experimentally using different exposure systems and
analytical techniques. The whole-body average SAR
and the distribution of SAR within the body depends on
a variety of factors: type of exposure system, polariza-
tion of the field, size of the animal, and angle of radi-
ation incident on the body. Three experiments were
conducted to determine the effects of chronic expo-
sure to 2450 MHz microwave radiation on several
measures of rat behavior and physiology. Groups of
rats were exposed intermittently to 2450 MHz radiation
at power densities of 0.5 mW/sq. cm. or 2.5 mW/sq.
cm. for 90 days.
Keywords: "Microwaves, "Animal behavior, "Rats, "Ir-
radiation, Animal physiology, Exposure, Microwave fre-
quency, Reliability.
PB88-171426/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Technology
Transfer Activities of the United States Environ-
mental Protection Agency,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
J. J. Convery, J. F. Kreissl, A. D. Venosa, J. H. Bender,
and D. Lussier. Feb 88,18p EPA/600/D-88/032
Technology transfer is an important activity within the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Specific tech-
nology transfer programs, such as the activities of the
Center for Environmental Research Information, the
Innovative and Alternative Technology Program, as
well as the Small Community Outreach Program, are
used to encourage the utilization ot cost-effective mu-
nicipal pollution control technology. Case studies of
three technologies, including a plant operations diag-
nostic/remediation methodology, alternative sewer
technologies and ultraviolet disinfection, are present-
ed. These case studies are presented retrospectively
in the context of a generalized concept of how technol-
ogy flows from science to utilization which was devel-
oped in a study by Allen (1977). Additional insights
from the study are presented and the information gath-
ering characteristics of engineers and scientists, which
may be useful in designing technology transfer pro-
grams. The recognition of the need for a technology or
a deficiency in current practice are important stimuli
other than technology transfer for accelerating the uti-
lization of new technology.
Keywords: "Sewagetreatment, "Wastewater, "Munic-
ipal engineering, ^Technology transfer, Government
policies, Programs, "Technology utilization, Pollution
control, Environmental Protection Agency, Case stud-
ies.
PB88-171434/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Single-Laboratory Evaluation of SW-846 Methods
7090/7091 Determination of Beryllium by Flame
and Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophoto-
metry. Summary rept. Jan-Aug 87,
Nevada Univ., Las Vegas. Quality Assurance Lab.
V. F. Hodge, D. A. Daroy, W. E. Thompson, and C. L.
Jones. Feb 88,140p QAL-168, EPA/600/4-88/012
Contract EPA-68-01-7159
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The results of a single-laboratory study of the 'Deter-
mination of Beryllium by Flame and Furnace Atomic
Absorption Spectrophotometry', are described. The
study examined the application of these two powerful
beryllium detection methods to the analysis of select-
ed liquid and solid samples after digestion by appropri-
ate SW-846 methods. Method performance data in-
cluding detection limits, optimum concentration ranges
(linearity), spike recoveries, interferences, precision,
accuracy, and optimum operating parameters are pre-
sented and discussed.
Keywords: "Beryllium, "Atomic spectroscopy, Tests,
Measurement, Precision, Accuracy, Performance,
Solid wastes.
PB88-171467/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
User's Qulde to the Rough Terrain Diffusion
Modal (RTDM) (Rev. 3.20),
Environmental Research and Technology, Inc., Con-
cord, MA.
R. J. Paine, and B. A. Egan. Jul 87,245p ERT-P-D535-
585, EPA/SW/MT-88/041A
For system on magnetic tape, see PB88-169487.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
The User's Network for Applied Modeling of Air Pollu-
tion (UNAMAP), Version 6 (Revised 1/88) contains 30
air quality simulation models. These models input
emission and meteorological data to calculate project-
ed air pollutant concentrations. UNAMAP contains
state-of-the-art dispersion research algorithms funded
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
by the EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards for Environmental Impact Analysis. The manual
describes a sequential version of the Rough Terrain
Diffusion Model (RTDM, version 3.20). The model pro-
vides a method to estimate air pollutant concentra-
tions from multiple co-located sources in a rural envi-
ronment. RTDM can be used in flat or complex terrain,
but it is especially suited for use in complex terrain.
Keywords: * Air pollution, Concentration(Composition),
Terrain, Mathematical models, "Atmospheric diffusion,
'Rough terrain, "Diffusion models.
PB88-171475/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Industrial Source Complex (ISC) Dispersion Model
User's Guide. Second Edition. Volume 1 (Revised).
Final rept.,
TRC Environmental Consultants, Inc., East Hartford,
CT.
C. P. Wagner. Dec 87,275p EPA/450/4-88/002A,,
EPA/SW/MT-88/041B
Contract EPA-68-02-3886
For system on magnetic tape, see PB88-169487. See
also PB88-171483. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office of
Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The Second Edition (Revised) of the Industrial Source
Complex Dispersion (ISC) Model User's Guide pro-
vides a detailed technical discussion of the updated
ISC Model. The ISC Model was designed in response
to the need for a comprehensive set of dispersion
model computer programs that could be used to evalu-
ate the air quality impact of emissions from large indus-
trial source complexes. Air quality impact analyses for
source complexes often require consideration of fac-
tors such as fugitive emissions, aerodynamic building
wake effects, time-dependent exponential decay of
pollutants, gravitational settling, and dry deposition.
The ISC Model consists of two computer programs
that are designed to consider these and other factors
so as to meet the dispersion modeling needs of air pol-
lution control agencies and others responsible for per-
forming dispersion modeling analyses. Major features
in the revised model code include: (1) a regulatory de-
fault option; (2) a calms processing procedure; (3) a
new Urban Mode 3; (4) revised sets of wind speed pro-
file exponents for rural and urban scenarios.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Mathematical models, Me-
teorology, Computer models, Industrial sources, Depo-
sition, Downwash, Dispersion, "ISC model, "Atmos-
pheric diffusion.
PB88-171483/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
|"wonmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Industrial Source Complex (ISC) Dispersion Model
User s Guide. Second Edition. Volume 2. Appendi-
ces (Revised). Final rept.,
TRC Environmental Consultants, Inc., East Hartford,
o r.
2^ ^?9ner- Dec 87,306p EPA/450/4-88/002B,,
EPA/SW/MT-88/041C
Contract EPA-68-02-3886
F,or sH'®m on magnetic tape, see PB88-169487. See
also PB88-171475. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office of
Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The Second Edition (Revised) of the Industrial Source
Complex Dispersion (ISC) Model User's Guide pro-
vides a detailed technical discussion of the updated
ISC Model. The ISC Model was designed in response
to the need for a comprehensive set of dispersion
model computer programs that could be used to evalu-
ate the air quality impact of emissions from large indus-
trial source complexes. Air quality impact analyses for
industrial source complexes often require consider-
ation of factors such as fugitive emissions, aerody-
namic building wake effects, time-dependent expo-
nential decay of pollutants, gravitational settling, and
dry deposition. The ISC Model consists of two comput-
er programs that are designed to consider these and
other factors so as to meet the dispersion modeling
needs of air pollution control agencies and others re-
sponsible for performing dispersion modeling analy-
ses. Major features in the revised model code include:
(1) a requlatory default option: (2) a calms processing
procedure; (3) a new Urban Mode 3; and, (4) revised
sets of wind speed profile exponents for rural and
urban scenarios.
1006 Vol. 90, No. 24
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Mathematical models, Me-
teorology, Computer models, Industrial sources, Depo-
sition, Downwash, Dispersion, *ISC model, "Atmos-
pheric diffusion.
PB88-171491/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Discussion of Changes to the Industrial Source
Complex (ISC) Dispersion Model User's Guide-
Second Edition,
TRC Environmental Consultants, Inc., East Hartford,
CT.
C. P. Wagner. Dec 87,19p EPA/SW/MT-88/041D
Contract EPA-68-02-3886
For system on magnetic tape, see PB88-169487.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The User's Network for Applied Modeling of Air Pollu-
tion (UNAMAP), Version 6 (Revised 1 /88) contains 30
air quality simulation models. These models input
emission and meteorological data to calculate project-
ed air pollutant concentrations. UNAMAP contains
state-of-the-art dispersion research algorithms funded
by the EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards for Environmental Impact Analysis. The Industrial
Source Complex (ISC) Model has undergone several
revisions since first being issued in order to correct
and improve technical features and to make the model
more appropriate for specific applications. Recent
changes to the UNAMAP 6 version of both ISC Short-
Term and ISC Long-Term include the ability to model
receptors located above ground level ('flagpole' re-
ceptors) and a revised building downwash treatment
method. These changes are covered in the addendum.
Keywords: *Air pollution, "Mathematical models, At-
mospheric diffusion, "Atmospheric dispersion, ISC
model.
PB88-172127/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2); Di-
amond Shamrock Site, Newark, New Jersey (Re-
medial Alternative Selection), September 1987.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
20 Sep 87, 209p EPA/ROD/R02-87/053
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Contents: Background chronology; Scope of this
record of decision; Site location and description; Re-
medial investigation findings; Risks presented by the
site; The criteria for remedy selection; Description and
evaluation of remedial alternatives; Cleanup stand-
ards; Description of the selected alternative; Enforce-
ment; Community relations; Glossary of terms and
acronyms.
Keywords: "Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, New Jersey, "Superfund program,
"Remedial actions, "Record of decision, Diamond
Shamrock(New Jersey).
PB88-172135/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 8):
Denver Radium Site, 12th and Quivas Properties,
Colorado (Selected Remedial Action), September
1987.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
29 Sep 87, 43p EPA/ROD/R08-87/013
See also PB88-172176, and PB88-126461.Portions of
this document are not fully legible.
The decision document presents the selected remedi-
al action for the operable unit of the Denver Radium
Site developed in accordance with the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability
Act of 1980 (CERCLA), as amended by the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986
(SARA), and the National Contingency Plan (40 CFR
Part 300). The decision is based upon the administra-
tive record for the 12th and Quivas properties, Opera-
ble Unit I of the Denver Radium Site. The attached
index identifies the items which comprise the adminis-
trative record upon which the selection of the remedial
action was based.
Keywords: "Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Colorado, "Superfund program, 'Re-
medial actions, "Record of decision,
Denver(Colorado).
PB88-172143/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 8):
Denver Radium Site, 1000 West Louisiana Proper-
ties, Colorado (Selected Remedial Action), Sep-
tember 1987.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
29 Sep 87,44p EPA/ROD/R08-87/017
See also PB88-172135.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The decision document presents the selected remedi-
al action for the operable unit of the Denver Radium
Site developed in accordance with the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability
Act of 1980 (CERCLA), as amended by the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986
(SARA), and the National Contingency Plan (40 CFR
Part 300). The decision is based upon the administra-
tive record for the 1000 West Louisiana properties, Op-
erable Unit III of the Denver Radium Site. The attached
index identifies the items which comprise the adminis-
trative record upon which the selection of the remedial
action was based.
Keywords: "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Colorado, "Superfund program, 'Re-
medial actions, "Record of decision,
Denver(Colorado).
PB88-172168/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 8):
Denver Radium Site, 11th and Umatilla Properties,
Colorado (Selected Remedial Action), September
1987.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
29 Sep 87,46p EPA/ROD/R08-87/015
See also PB88-172143.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The decision document presents the selected remedi-
al action for the operable unit of the Denver Radium
Site developed in accordance with the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability
Act of 1980 (CERCLA), as amended by the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986
(SARA), and the National Contingency Plan (40 CFR
Part 300). The decision is based upon the administra-
tive record for the 11th and Umatilla properties, Opera-
ble Unit II of the Denver Radium Site. The attached
index identifies the items which comprise the adminis-
trative record upon which the selection of the remedial
action was based.
Keywords: "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Colorado, 'Superfund program. 'Re-
medial . actions, "Record of decision,
Denver(Colorado).
PB88-172176/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 8k
Denver Radium Site, Open Space Properties, Col-
orado (Selected Remedial Action), September
1987.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
29 Sep 87,61 p EPA/ROD/R08-87/014
See also PB88-172168.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The decision document presents the selected remedi-
al actions for the properties included in Operable Unite
VI, IX, and XI of the Denver Radium Site developed in
accordance with the Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980
(CERCLA), as amended by the Superfund Amend-
ments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA), and
the National Contingency Plan (40 CFR Part 300). The
decision is based upon the administrative record lor
the Open Space properties, Operable Units VI, IX, and
XI of the Denver Radium Site. The attacheid index
identifies the Items which comprise the administrative
record upon which the selection of the remedial ac-
tions was based.
Keywords: "Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials
'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
medial actions, "Record of decision,
Denver(Colorado).
PB88-172184/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 7):
Conservation Chemical Company Site, Kansas
City, Missouri (Remedial Alternative Selection),
September 1987.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 87, 74p EPA/ROD/R07-87/009
Contents: Site location and description; Site history;
Endangerment assessment; Development of alterna-
tives; Detailed evaluation of alternatives; Recommend-
ed alternative; Applicable or relevant and appropriate
requirements; Schedule; Community relations; En-
forcement analysis; Responsiveness summary.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Missouri, 'Superfund program, 'Re-
medial actions, 'Record of decision, Kansas
City(Missouri).
PB88-172192/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
Compass Industries Landfill Site, Tulsa County,
Oklahoma (Remedial Alternative Selection), Sep-
tember 1987.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
29 Sep 87, 72p EPA/ROD/R06-87/025
Contents: Site location and description; Enforcement;
Community relations history; Alternatives evaluation;
Proposed remedy.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial ac-
tions, 'Record of decision.
PB88-172226/HSU	CPT11
Industrial Combustion Emissions (ICE) Model,
Version 6.0. Model-Simulation,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
D. J. Elliott, and T. Hogan. Dec 87, mag tape EPA/
600/8-88/007B, EPA/SW/MT-88/042
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products if you have questions. Price
includes documentation, PB88-172234.
The Industrial Combustion Emissions (ICE) Model was
developed by the Environmental Protection Agency for
use by the National Acid Precipitation Assessment
Program (NAPAP) in preparing future assessments of
industrial boiler emissions. The ICE Model user's
manual includes a summary of user options and soft-
ware characteristics, a description of the input data
files, and a description of the procedures for operation
of the ICE Model. Proper formatting of files and cre-
ation of job control language are discussed. The ICE
Model projects for each State the sulfur dioxide, sul-
fates, and nitrogen oxides emissions from fossil fuel
combustion in industrial boilers. Projections of emis-
sions and costs of boiler generation, including emis-
sion control costs, are projected for the years 1985,
1990,1995,2000,2010,2020, and 2030.
Keywords: 'Models-simulation, 'Boilers, 'Industries,
'Air pollution, Sulfates, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides,
Mathematical models, States(United States), Fossil
fuels, Forecasting, Manuals, Combustion products,
Fortran, Cost analysis, IBM 3090 computer.
PB88-172234/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Industrial Combustion Emissions (ICE) Model,
Version 6.0. User's Manual. Rept. for Nov 84-Aug
87,
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
VA.
T. Hogan. Feb 88, 78p EPA/600/8-88/007A,, EPA/
SW/MT-88/042A
Contracts EPA-68-02-4202, EPA-88-02-4384
For system on magnetic tape, see PB88-172226.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report is a user's manual for the Industrial Com-
bustion Emissions (ICE) model. It summarizes user op-
tions and software characteristics, and describes both
the input data files and procedures for operating the
model. It discusses proper formatting of files and cre-
ation of job control language. The model projects for
each state the emissions of sulfur oxides, sulfates, and
nitrogen oxides from fossil fuel combustion in industrial
boilers. Emissions and costs of boiler generation, in-
cluding emission control costs, are projected for the
years 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2010, 2020, and 2030.
Keywords: "Boilers, "Industries, "Air pollution, Manu-
als, Combustion products, Fossil fuels, Mathematical
models, Computer systems programs, Nitrogen
oxides, Sulfates, Sulfur oxides, Operating costs, Com-
puter application.
PB88-172374/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Summary Review of Health Effects Associated
with Naphthalene: Health Issue Assessment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Nov 87, 59p* EPA/600/8-87/055F
Naphthalene is released into ambient air via industrial
gaseous and particulate emissions, tobacco use, and
through consumer use. The data base concerning ex-
posure of humans via inhalation and associated health
effects is virtually nonexistent. Overexposure often re-
sults in acute hemolytic anemia and has been associ-
ated with cataract formation. There are no available
dose-response data. In laboratory animals, two princi-
pal target tissues have been identified: non-ciliated
bronchiolar epithelial (Clara) cells and eye tissue. The
metabolite(s) that is responsible for Clara cell damage
is unknown. There are no published studies involving
inhalation exposure. Administration of naphthalene by
routes other than inhalation has been shown to
produce cataracts in rats, rabbits, and one mouse
strain. Animal strains with pigmented eyes develop
cataracts faster and more severely than albino strains.
The likely causative agent is polyphenol oxydase,
found only in pigmented eyes, that catalyzes the for-
mation of 1,2-naphthoquione which binds to lens
tissue. Negative results nave been reported for gene
mutations (Salmonella), unscheduled DNA synthesis
in rat hepatocytes and microneuclei in mouse bone
marrow. Limited teratology studies in rats and rabbits
reported no gross abnormalities. In a single dose (300
mg/kg) study in mice, both maternal and fetal toxicity
were reported.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, "Air pollution, Emissions, Ex-
posure, Humans, Reviews, 'Naphthalene, Health
risks.
PB88-172465/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division Technical Guidance
Document - Aquatic Mesocosm Test to Support
Pesticide Registrations,
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Hazard Evaluation Div.
L. W. Touart. Feb 88,41 p* EPA/540/9-88/035
The Technical Guidance Document for aquatic meso-
cosm tests to support pesticide registrations is a docu-
ment primarily intended as guidance for Agency re-
viewers and scientists in the regulated industry to fa-
cilitate the development and completion of an accept-
able aquatic mesocosm test. As a result of application
for registration, pesticide producers are required by 40
CFR Part 158.145 to provide aquatic field testing.
Aquatic mesocosm tests are intended to satisfy the
field testing requirement. The document outlines the
essential elements of an acceptable test. The Techni-
cal Guidance Document is the culmination of recom-
mendations generated out of a workshop held at
George Mason University, Fairfax, VA April 8-9, 1986.
An aquatic mesocosm test represents an ecosystem-
level approach to toxicity testing and ecological risk
evaluation.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Registrations, 'Aquatic me-
socosm tests, "Hazard evaluation, Technical guid-
ance.
PB88-172473/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
National Air Quality and Emission* Trends Report.
1986,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
W. F. Hunt, T. C. Curran, W. P. Freas, R. B. Faoro, and
N. H. Frank. Feb 88,201 p EPA/450/4-88/001
See also report for 1985, PB87-180352.
The report presents national and regional trends in air
quality from 1977 through 1986 for total suspended
particulate, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen
dioxide, ozone and lead. Air pollution trends were also
examined for the 5-year period (1982-86). Both nation-
al and regional trends in each of these pollutants are
examined. National air quality trends are also present-
ed for both the National Air Monitoring Sites (NAMS)
and other site categories. The report also includes a
section, Air Quality Levels in Metropolitan Statistical
Areas.
Keywords: 'Ozone, "Sulfur dioxide, "Carbon monox-
ide, 'Air pollution, 'Regional planning, National gov-
ernment, Sites, Monitoring, Trends, Environmental en-
gineering, Urban areas, Populations, Tables(Data), Air
quality data.
PB88-172911/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Ecosystem Perspective on Potential Impacts of
Drilling Fluid Discharges on Seagrasses. Journal
article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
J. R. Kelly, T. W. Duke, M. A. Harwell, and C. C.
Harwell. C1987,28p EPA/600/J-87/237
Pub. in Environmental Management, v11 n4 p537-562
1987. Prepared in cooperation with Cornell Univ.,
Ithaca, NY. Ecosystems Research Center.
Potential effects of oil drilling fluid discharges upon
Thalassia seagrass ecosystems were examined to
provide general insights and raise ecotoxicological
issues relevant to problems of addressing a priori,
ecolgical effects of anthropogenic actions. Microcosm
experiments have demonstrated effects upon both au-
totrophic and heterotrophic species, as well as the
processes of primary productivity and decomposition.
Significant ecological changes may result from disturb-
ance effects related to the physical presence of higher
particle loads, in addition to effects related to the phys-
ical presence of higher particle loads, in addition to ef-
fects resulting from toxic features of drilling fluids.
(Copyright (c) 1987 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.)
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Drilling fluids, 'Sea grasses. De-
composition, Primary biological productivity, Disturb-
ances, Risk, Assessments, Reprints, Ecosystems,
Thalassia.
PB88-1729S2/HSU	PC A22/MF A01
Draft Regulatory Impact Analysis: Control of Gas-
oline Volatility and Evaporative Hydrocarbon
Emissions from New Motor Vehicles.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Office of Mobile Sources.
Jul 87,521p*
Contents: In-use motor vehicle-related hydrocarbon
emissions (Ozone noncompliance situation, Effect of
volatility on HC emission factors, Benzene emission
from gasoline-fueled vehicles as a function of fuel pa-
rameters); Environmental impacts (Description of
model and inputs, Nationwide and non-attainment
area inventory projections, Ozone air quality analysis.
Benzene emissions and incidence analysis); Vehicle
controls (Technology, Costs, Conclusions); Techno-
logical feasibility and cost of in-use volatility control
(Refinery control of gasoline volatility, The Bonner and
Moore studies, Refinery costs of volatility control,
Effect of RVP control on the Butane market); Analysis
of alternatives: Gasoline; Analysis of alternatives: Al-
cohol blends (Industry economics and blend RVP,
Emission effects of blend usage, Effect of RVP control
on alcohol blends, Gasohol control options, Methanol-
blend control options).
Keywords: "Hydrocarbons, 'Motor vehicle emissions,
"Air pollution control, 'Emission factors, "Gasoline,
Volatile organic compounds.
PB88-172980/HSU	PC A06
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Presque Isle Site, Erie, Pennsylvania (First Reme-
dial Action), September 1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 87, 104p EPA/ROD/R03-87/037
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The Presque Isle site is located on the Presque Isle
State Park Peninsula within the city of Erie, Erie
County, Pennsylvania. The site consists of a plugged,
abandoned natural gas well encompassing an area of
approximately 100 sq ft. In the early 1970s, the Erie
County Health Department noted a seep discharging a
noxious, hydrogen sulfide-bearing black liquid. Investi-
gations focused around whether the liquid was a natu-
ral brine emanating from the underlying Bass Island
geologic formation, or was related to the deep well in-
jection of spent paper pulping liquid by a nearby paper
mill. The Presque Isle well was plugged in 1982, and
subsequent investigations have revealed no further re-
lease of the hazardous liquid to the environment. No
direct relationship between paper mill injection activi-
ties and the original release has been established.
EPA determined that no significant risk or threat to
public health and the environment exists and therefore
no further action will be taken at this site. There are no
implementation issues or costs associated with this no
action remedy.
Keywords: "Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Pennsylvania, 'Superfund program,
'Remedial actions, 'Record of decision, Presque
Isle(Pennsylvania).
PB88-172978/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Cooper Road Dump, Camden County, New Jersey
(First Remedial Action), September 1987. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 87, 29p EPA/ROD/R02-87/049
The Cooper Road site consists of a 100-square foot
dumping area located in Voorhees Township, Camden
County, New Jersey. In 1982 several dozen, one-to-
two ounce, glass vials containing unknown liquids
were discovered at the site. Some vials were broken,
but most remained intact. Sampling of the vials by the
New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
(NJDEP) indicated the presence of benzene, ethylben-
zene, xylene, naphthalene and other contaminants.
NJDEP requested the owners of the property perform
a complete and total removal of all vials. No response
from the site owners followed. The site changed own-
ership in June 1983, and upon request by NJDEP, the
new owners removed all vials and six inches of under-
lying soil. Subsequent sampling of soil and ground
water indicate no contaminants present above normal
background levels. EPA determined that no significant
risk or threat to public health and the environment
exists and therefore no further action will be taken at
this site. There are no implementation issues or costs
associated with this no action remedy.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, New Jersey, 'Superfund program,
'Remedial actions, 'Record of decision, Cooper
Road(New Jersey).
PB88-172986/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
Parramore Surplus Company Site, Mt. Pleasant,
Florida (First Remedial Action), September 1987.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
15 Sep 87,71 p EPA/ROD/R04-87/025
The Parramore Surplus Company (PSC) site, occupy-
ing approximately 25 acres, is located in Mt. Pleasant,
Gadsden County, Florida. PSC is an active facility
which stores and resells surplus government products
purchased from naval airbases in Florida and Alabama
in 1972. Most of the site is used for vehicle and equip-
ment storage. In March 1982, the Florida Department
of Environmental Regulation (FDER) inspected the
site and estimated that 400-600 drums were stored
onsite with many leaking and killing vegetation. PSC
conducted limited cleanup activities which included
the removal of hazardous chemicals and contaminat-
ed soil EPA denied an August 1983 request by PSC to
delete the site from the NPL because no data existed
to show that the soil removal was effective in remedy-
ing surface contamination. In March 1985, EPA con-
ducted a Modified Remedial Investigation which de-
tected elevated levels of organic compounds in the
soil and detected sediments in the ground water. How-
ever, the analytical results were not considered indica-
tive of true site conditions. EPA has determined that
the onsite contaminated soil poses no risk to human
health or the environment and that further soil or
ground water remediation is not necessary.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Florida, 'Superfund program, "Reme-
dial actions, "Record of decision, Parramore
Surplus(Florida).
PB88-172994/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5): In-
dustrial Excess Landfill Site, Uniontown, Ohio
(First Remedial Action), September 1987. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 87, 86p EPA/ROD/R05-87/056
The Industrial Excess Landfill (IEL) is a 30-acre closed
sanitary landfill located in Uniontown, Stark County,
Ohio. Over 400 residential homes, located within a 0.5
mile radius of the landfill, rely entirely on individual or
private well supplies for drinking water. Prior to 1961,
the landfill property may have been utilized as a coal
mine and later for mining sand and gravel. Gradually,
the mining/excavation pit was converted into a landfill
which received a variety of wastes. Between 1964 and
1968, the site was used to store fly ash. masonry
rubble, paper and lumber scrap. From 1968 to 1980,
IEL accepted municipal, commercial, industrial and
chemical wastes of substantially undetermined and
unknown composition, primarily from the nearby
rubber industry. Large quantities of chemical and liquid
waste were dumped onto the ground either from 55-
gallon drums or from tanker trucks. In January of 1972,
the Stark County Board of Health (SCBH) ordered the
dumping of chemical wastes stopped. In 1980, due to
public concern and facility volume limitations, the land-
fill was ordered to close.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Ohio, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial
actions, 'Record of decision, Uniontown(Ohio).
PB88-173000/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 7):
Minker/Stout/Romaine Creek Site, Romaine
Creek Portion, Jefferson County, Missouri
(Second Remedial Action), September 1987. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
28 Sep 87,21 p EPA/ROD/R07-87/007
The Romaine Creek portion of the Minker/Stout/Ro-
maine Creek site is located in Jefferson County, Mis-
souri, approximately 20 miles southwest of St. Louis.
Romaine Creek starts at the Minker area and flows 4.6
miles to its confluence with Saline Creek. Romaine
Creek is located in a rural residential area, and is not
used for municipal, industrial or domestic purposes. In
the late 1960s and early 1970s, a southwest Missouri
chemical plant producing 2,4,5-T and hexachloro-
phene contracted a waste oil reclaimer to remove
process residues. The residues, contaminated with
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) were
mixed with waste oils and sprayed as a dust suppres-
sant on a nearby horse arena. In March of 1973, the
owner of the horse arena had the contaminated soils
removed to various portions of the Minker/Stout/Ro-
maine Creek site. Approximately 120 cu yds of the soil
was used as fill in a ravine on the Minker property, and
since 1973, much has eroded into Romaine Creek. In
1982, contaminated soils above 1 ug/kg TCDD were
excavated from the Minker portion of the site. The pri-
mary contaminant of concern is dioxin.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Romaine Creek, "Superfund program,
"Remedial actions, "Record of decision, Jefferson
County(Missouri).
PB88-173208/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Methanol Prices during Transition. Final rept.
Faucett (Jack) Associates, Bethesda, MD.
Aug 87,111 p* JACKFAU-86-322-8/11, EPA/460/3-
87/04
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Ann
Arbor, Ml. Emission Control Technology Div., Depart-
ment of Energy, Washington, DC., and California
Energy Commission, Sacramento.
In recognition of the environmental benefits of the use
of methanol as an alternative transportation fuel, the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of
Mobile Sources conducts on-going research on the
use of methanol in transportation applications. In sup-
port of EPA's efforts. Jack Faucett Associates, Inc.
prepared the report to provide an analytical tool for
policy makers concerned with methanol as a transpor-
tation fuel. In order to assist policy makers in consider-
ation of methanol as a dominant U.S. transportation
fuel, the report includes: information on the global ca-
pacity available to produce methanol, estimates of the
costs of production from existing capacity, estimates
of the costs of production from capacity that may be
added as demand increases and estimates of the de-
livered prices of methanol to selected U.S. Ports
during the period of transition, beginning with current
market conditions (characterized by excess capacity
and regionalized demand) and continuing to the point
where worldwide demand exceeds available capacity.
The estimates developed in the report are based on
secondary sources that provide data on current meth-
anol production costs and engineering estimates of
future costs, as available.
Keywords: "Air quality, "Methyl alcohol, "Fuels, Distri-
bution systems, Transportation, Motor vehicles, Poli-
cies, Analytical methods.
PB88-173356/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Promising Technologies for the Biological Detoxi-
fication of Hazardous Waste,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
J. A. Glaser. Feb 88,14p* EPA/600/D-88/040
There are, under development, a number of new bio-
logical technologies that target the cleanup of con-
taminated hazardous waste sites. These technologies
utilize specific organisms to degrade organic chemical
contaminants to less toxic species. The attraction to
the new area of treatment in the United States is the
restrictions on waste burial, costs of conventional al-
ternative technology, and the assumption that biologi-
cal processes are more environmentally beging. Two
areas of development that will be discussed in the
paper are the use of white rot fungus wood degrader
for water and soil treatment and a pentachlorophenol
degrader. The white rot based treatment is focused on
the treatment of wood treating wastes, ie. creasote,
pentachlorophenol and associated materials.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Water pollution
control, Activated sludge process, Pesticides, Metals,
Aerators, Solid waste disposal, "Biological industrial
waste treatment, 'Sludge treatment, Degraders.
PB88-173364/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Sampling and Analysis of Hazardous Wastes,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
L. D. Johnson, and R. H. James. Feb 88,103p* ERA/
600/D-88/035
Prepared in cooperation with Southern Research Inst.,
Birmingham, AL.
The chapter is a relatively brief overview and guide to
the very complicated endeavor of sampling and analyu
sis of hazardous waste and related products. Stack
sampling and analysis of waste combustion products
is emphasized partly due to the authors' background
and partly due to the relatively recent development of
most of the technology.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Combustion prod-
ucts, Sampling, Analysis, Chemical analysis, *Alr pollu-
tion detection.
PB88-173372/HSU	PC A08/MF Aoi
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, v©H
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Factors in Assessing the Compatibility of FMLs
(Flexible Membrane Liners) and Waste Liquid*,
Matrecon, Inc., Alameda, CA.
H. E. Haxo, T. P. Lahey, and M. L. Rosenberg. Feb as
165p EPA/800/2-88/017	'
Contract EPA-68-03-3213
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The experimental research project studied various fac-
tors in the compatibility of flexible membrane liners
(FMLs) with waste liquids and other hazardous sub-
stances that may be encountered in waste storage and
disposal facilities. This work included: (1) Swelling of
FMLs and other FML-related compositions in organics,
and calculation of the solubility parameters of these
compositions; (2) Distributions of organics between
aqueous solutions, such as leachates, and FMLs; and,
(3) Variables in EPA Method 9090 compatibility testing
of FMLs and waste liquids.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Membranes, "Lin-
ings, "Waste disposal, Storage, Leaching, Polymeric
films, Concentration(Composition), Organic com-
pounds, Solubility, Tests, Variability, Tables(Oata),
Leachates.
PB88-173596/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ace-
tonitrile.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 85, 77p EPA/600/X-85/357
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for ace-
tonitrile was prepared by the Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response to support list-
ings of hazardous constituents of a wide range of
waste streams under Section 3001 of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to pro-
vide health-related limits for emergency actions under
Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Quantitative estimates have been presented
provided sufficient data are available. Acetonitrile has
been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An Accept-
able Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount of a
chemical to which humans can be exposed on a daily
basis over an extended period of time (usually a life-
time) without suffering a deleterious effect, for acetoni-
trile is 1.28 mg/day for oral exposure. The Reportable
Quantity (RQ) value of 1, 10, 100, 1000 or 5000
pounds is used to determine the quantity of a hazard-
ous substance for which notification is required in the
event of a release as specified by CERCLA based on
chronic toxicity. The RQ value for acetonitrile is 100.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology,
"Streams, Water pollution, "Health and Environmental
Effects Profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recov-
ery Act, Carcinogenesis, Acceptable daily intake, Toxic
substances, Pharmacokinetics, "Acetonitrile, CAS 75-
05-8.
PB88-173612/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effect* Profile for
Aminophenols.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 85,97p EPA/600/X-85/398
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for amin-
ophenols was prepared by the Office of Health and En-
vironmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response to support list-
ings of hazardous constituents of a wide range of
waste streams under Section 3001 of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to pro-
vide health-related limits for emergency actions under
Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Quantitative estimates have been presented
provided sufficient data are available. Aminophenols
has been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An Ac-
ceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount of a
chemical to which humans can be exposed on a daily
basis over an extended period of time (usually a life-
time) without suffering a deleterious effect, for amino-
ohenols is 4.55 mg/day for oral exposure. The Report-
able Quantity (RQ) value of 1, 10, 100, 1000 or 5000
pounds is used to determine the quantity of a hazard-
ous substance for which notification is required in the
event of a release as specified by CERCLA based on
chronic toxicity. The RQ value for aminophenols is
1000.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Aminophenols, CAS 95-
55-6, CAS 51 -19-4, CAS 67845-79-8, CAS 123-30-8.
PB88-173620/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Di-
methyl Sulfate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 85,59p EPA/600/X-85/392
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for di-
methyl sulfate was prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Crite-
ria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response to
support listings of hazardous constituents of a wide
range of waste streams under Section 3001 of the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to
provide health-related limits for emergency actions
under Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmen-
tal Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Exist-
ing data are insufficient to determine an Acceptable
Daily Intake (ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for
dimethyl sulfate. The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value
of 1, 10, 100, 1000 or 5000 pounds is used to deter-
mine the quantity of a hazardous substance for which
notification is required in the event of a release as
specified by CERCLA based on chronic toxicity. Exist-
ing data are insufficient to determine an RQ value.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and environmental effects
profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable daily intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Dimethyl sulfate, CAS
77-78-1.
PB88-173638/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dlnl-
trobenzenes.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 85,61p EPA/600/X-85/361
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for dini-
trobenzenes was prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response to support
listings of hazardous constituents of a wide range of
waste streams under Section 3001 of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to pro-
vide health-related limits for emergency actions under
Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Quantitative estimates have been presented
provided sufficient data are available. Dinitrobenzenes
has been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An Ac-
ceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount of a
chemical to which humans can be exposed on a daily
basis over an extended period of time (usually a life-
time) without suffering a deleterious effect, for dinitro-
benzenes is 0.028 mg/day for oral exposure. The Re-
portable Quantity (RQ) value of 1, 10, 100, 1000 or
5000 pounds is used to determine the quantity of a
hazardous substance for which notification is required
in the event of a release as specified by CERCLA
based on chronic toxicity. The RQ value for dinitroben-
zenes is 100.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Dinitrobenzenes, CAS
528-29-0, CAS 99-65-0, CAS 100-25-4.
PB88-173646/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-
Ethoxyethanol Esters.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 85, 65p EPA/600/X-85/370
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-
ethoxyethanol esters was prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmen-
tal Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response to
support listings of hazardous constituents of a wide
range of waste streams under Section 3001 of the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to
provide health-related limits for emergency actions
under Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmen-
tal Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. 2-Eth-
oxyethanol esters has been determined to be a sys-
temic toxicant. An Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), de-
fined as the amount of a chemical to which humans
can be exposed on a daily basis over an extended
period of time (usually a lifetime) without suffering a
deleterious effect, for 2-ethoxyethanol esters is 21.1
mg/day for inhalation exposure. The Reportable
Quantity (RQ) value of 1, 10, 100, 1000 or 5000
pounds is used to determine the quantity of a hazard-
ous substance for which notification is required in the
event of a release as specified by CERCLA based on
chronic toxicity. Existing data are insufficient to deter-
mine an RQ value for the class as a whole. An RQ of
1000 was determined for 2-ethoxyethanol acetate.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams.
Water pollution, "Health and environmental effects
profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable daily intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Ethoxyethanol, CAS 111-
15-9, CAS 106-74-1, CAS 2370-63-0, CAS 68554-00-
7, CAS 106-13-8.
PB88-173653/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dich-
loropropanes.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 85, 90p EPA/600/X-85/360
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for dich-
loropropanes was prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Crite-
ria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response to
support listings of hazardous constituents of a wide
range of waste streams under Section 3001 of the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to
provide health-related limits for emergency actions
under Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmen-
tal Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Dich-
loropropanes has been evaluated as a carcinogen.
The human carcinogen potency factor (ql *) for dich-
loropropanes is .0633 (mg/kg/day)-1 for oral expo-
sure. The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value of 1, 10,
100, 1000 or 5000 pounds is used to determine the
quantity of a hazardous substance for which notifica-
tion is required in the event of a release as specified by
CERCLA based on chronic toxicity. The RQ value for
dichloropropanes is 1000.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Dichloropropanes, CAS
79-99-9, CAS 78-87-5, CAS 142-28-9, CAS 594-20-7.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-174362/HSU	PC A04/MF AOI
Summary of Annual Reports on Hazardous Waste
for 1983 through 1986: Generation, Treatment,
Storage and Disposal,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Land Pollution Control.
H. A. Wright, and E. P. Theios. Dec 87, 64p IEPA/LPC-
87/019
See also report dated Dec 86, PB87-154134.
The report is a product of Illinois' Annual Report re-
quirements for reporting years 1983 through 1986, for
hazardous waste as defined under the Resource Con-
servation Recovery Act (RCRA) and the comparable Il-
linois regulations. Several comprehensive tables are
included', listing by RCRA Hazardous Waste Number of
the volume of waste shipped off-site by Illinois genera-
tors and the amount of waste stored, treated, or dis-
posed by Illinois facilities.
Keywords: "Illinois, "Hazardous materials, "Industrial
waste treatment, Waste disposal, Storage, Sites, Reg-
ulations, State government, Tables(Data), Volume, Ex-
ports, Land treatment.
PB88-174388/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Water Resources Data, New York, Water Year
1986. Volume 1. Eastern New York Excluding
Long Island. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 85-30
Sep 86,
Geological Survey, Albany, NY. Water Resources Div.
G. D. Firda, R. R. Lumia, and P. M. Burke. 1987,275p
USGS/WRD/HD-88/206, USGS/WDR/NY-86/1
See also Volume 2, PB88-174396, and report for 1985,
PB87-172540.
Water resources data for the 1986 water year for New
York consist of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality
of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels in observation
wells. The volume contains records of water discharge
at 97 gaging stations; stage only at 5 gaging stations;
and stage and contents at 4 gaging stations and 19
lakes and reservoirs; water quality at 34 gaging sta-
tions; and water levels at 24 observation wells. Loca-
tions of these sites are shown on figures 7 A and 7B.
Also included are data for 45 crest-stage partial-record
stations.
Keywords'. "Ground water, "Surface waters, "Water
pollution, Water quality, Stream flow, Flow rale, Lakes,
Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Temperature,
Tables(Data), "Water quality data, "Hydrologic data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB88-174412/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Phosphamldon as the Active
Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 87,141p EPA/540/RS-88/034
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxicology, Chlorine aliphatic
compounds, Standards, Regulations. Manufacturing,
Chemistry, Residues, Ecology, "Phosphamidon, CAS
13171-21-6, Path of pollutants.
PB88-174438/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Quality Assurance Support for the National At-
mospheric Deposition Program and National
Trends Network Monitoring Activities: 1984-1987,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Natural Resources
Ecology Lab.
D S Bigelow. Jan 88,337p* EPA/600/4-88/004
Grant EPA-R-811600
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The quality assurance support provided to the National
Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) and to the
National Trends Network (NTN) from the period 1984
to 1987 is summarized. The support was provided
through a cooperative agreement between the Colora-
do State University (CSU) and the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA). The report describes the
specific types of QA activities conducted, the develop-
ment of the support from a historical perspective and
the QA reports and QA data summaries generated.
Keywords: "Acidification, "Atmospheric composition,
"Deposition, "Air pollution, Quality control, Sites, Field
tests, Recommendations, Management, Monitoring,
Precipitation(Meleorology), Operations, National gov-
ernment, Trends, States(United States), Laboratories,
Surveys, Questionnaires, "Acid precipitation.
PB88-174446/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Treatment Potential for 56 EPA (Environmental
Protection Agency) Listed Hazardous Chemicals
in Soil. Final rept. 1 Sep 83-28 Feb 87,
Utah State Univ., Logan. Dept. of Civil and Environ-
mental Engineering.
R. C. Sims, W. J. Doucette, J. E. McLean, W. J.
Grenney, and R. R. Dupont. Feb 88,120p" EPA/600/
6-88/001
Grant EPA-R-810979
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
Information is presented for quantitative evaluation of
soil treatment potential for 56 hazardous chemicals.
The chemicals were organized into four categories:
PAH, pesticides, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and mis-
cellaneous chemicals. Treatability studies were con-
ducted to determine: degradation rates, phase parti-
tion coefficients, and transformation characteristics.
Results of soil fate/transport predictions of two mathe-
matical models were compared with laboratory and lit-
erature results to evaluate ability of models to predict
behavior of selected chemicals. Experimental ap-
proach used was designed to characterize degrada-
tion, immobilization, and transformation potentials for
the hazardous substances. Results indicated that sig-
nificance of volatilization and abiotic-loss processes in
influencing 'apparent loss rates' of substances de-
pended on class of substance. The processes were in-
significant for majority of PAHs; biodegradation ap-
pears to be major process for PAH loss. Abiotic loss
may also be important process for certain pesticides.
Keywords. "Hazardous materials, "Chemical com-
pounds, Chemical analysis, "Soil treatment, "Toxic
substances.
PB88-174503/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Special Report on Ingested Inorganic Arsenic:
Skin Cancer; Nutritions Essentiality. SAB Review
Draft,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
T. Levine, A. Rispin, C. S. Scott, W. Marcus, and C.
Chen. Nov 87, 185pEPA/625/3-87/013A
Presented at the Risk Assessment Forum held at
Washington, DC., November 1987.
A technical panel of the USEPA's Risk Assessment
Forum has studied three special issues regarding cer-
tain health effects, particularly skin cancer, associated
with arsenic ingestion: (1) the validity of the Taiwan
study and its use for dose-response assessment in the
U.S. population (2) the interpretation and use of skin
lesions reported as arsenic-induced skin cancers, and
(3) the role of arsenic as an 'essential' nutritional re-
quirement in the human diet. The Technical Panel also
reviewed auxiliary information on genotoxicity, metab-
olism, and other factors that might suggest the most
appropriate approach to dose-response assessment.
In brief summary, the analysis shows a causal relation-
ship between ingestion exposure to arsenic and an in-
creased risk of skin cancer. However, there is not suffi-
cient information to evaluate a dose-response accord-
ing to any specific mechanism that one may postulate.
In the absence of fully persuasive evidence for any of
the possible mechanisms, a generalized multistate
model that is linear at low doses was used to place an
upper bound on the expected human cancer dose-re-
sponse. The report summarizes the Technical Panel's
review and analysis of relevant data.
Keywords: "Arsenic inorganic compounds, "Skin
cancer, "ingestion(Biology), Exposure, Metabolism,
Toxicology, Risk, Nutrition, Medical research, Carcino-
gens.
PB88-174511/HSU	PC A05/MF AOI
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Lead
Alkyls.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jul 85,97p EPA/600/ X-85/ 285
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for lead
alkyls was prepared by the Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response to support list-
ings of hazardous constituents of a wide range of
waste streams under Section 3001 of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to pro-
vide health-related limits for emergency actions under
Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA),
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic Hfe
and environmental eflects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Quantitative estimates have been presented
provided sufficient data are available. Lead alkyls have
been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An Accept-
able Daily Intake (AOI), defined as the amount of a
chemical to which humans can be exposed on a daily
basis over an extended period of time (usually a life-
time) without suffering a deleterious effect, for lead
alkyls is 0.0084 micrograms/day for oral exposure.
The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value of 1, 10, 100,
1000 or 5000 pounds is used to determine the quantity
of a hazardous substance for which notification is re-
quired in the event of a release as specified by
CERCLA based on chronic toxicity. The RQ value for
lead alkyls is 10.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable daily intake, Toxic sub-
stances. Pharmacokinetics, "Lead alkyls, CAS 1920-
90-7, CAS 78-00-2, CAS 75-74-1, CAS 3440-75-3.
PB88-174529/HSU	PC A09/MF AOI
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chloroethene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 85,176p EPA/600/X-85/374
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for chlor-
oethene was prepared by the Office of Health and En-
vironmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response to support list-
ings of hazardous constituents of a wide range of
waste streams under Section 3001 of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to pro-
vide health-related limits for emergency actions under
Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects ot hazardous waste con-
stituents. Quantitative estimates have been presented
provided sufficient data are available. Chloroethene
has been evaluated as a carcinogen. The human car-
cinogen potency factor (q1") tor chloroethene is 1.9
(mg/kg/day)-1 for oral exposure. The Reportable
Quantity (RQ) value of 1, 10, 100, 1000 or 5000
pounds is used to determine the quantity of a hazard*
ous substance for which notification is required in the
event of a release as specified by CERCLA based on
chronic toxicity. The RQ value for chloroethene is 10Q.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable daily intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Chloroethene, GAS 75.
01-4.
PB88-174S37/HSU	PC A04/MF AOI
Health and Environmental Effects Proftte for
Benzaldehyde.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 85, 75p EPA/600/X-85/395
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for ben*,
aldehyde was prepared by the Office of Health and Eiv
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
vironmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response to support list-
ings of hazardous constituents of a wide range of
waste streams under Section 3001 of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to pro-
vide health-related limits for emergency actions under
Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Quantitative estimates have been presented
provided sufficient data are available. Benzaldehyde
has been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An Ac-
ceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount of a
chemical to which humans can be exposed on the
daily basis over an extended period of time (usually a
lifetime) without suffering a deleterious effect, for
benzaldehyde is 15 mg/day for oral exposure. The Re-
portable Quantity (RQ) value of 1, 10, 100, 1000 or
5000 pounds is used to determine the quantity of a
hazardous substance for which notification is required
in the event of a release as specified by CERCLA
based on chronic toxicity. The RQ value for benzalde-
hyde is 1000.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and environmental effects
profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable daily intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Benzaldehyde, CAS 100-
52-7.
PB88-174545/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Sodium Hydroxide Preliminary Source Assess-
ment,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
W. J. Neuffer. Feb 88, 132p EPA/450/3-88/002
A preliminary source assessment of industries with
sodium hydroxide emissions is presented. Brief de-
scriptions of these industries and processes that emit
sodium hydroxide are given. Sodium hydroxide emis-
sions data that were used in the Human Exposure
Model (HEM) are contained in the report. This Model is
used by EPA's Pollutant Assessment Branch to evalu-
ate health risks from various pollutants. Sodium hy-
droxide emission data were primarily obtained from the
states of Kentucky. New Jersey, New York and Texas.
Keywords: "Sodium hydroxide, "Emission, Exposure,
Risk, Assessments, Air pollution control, Hazardous
materials, Industries, Kentucky, New Jersey, New
York, Texas, Health risks.
PB88-174560/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bro-
mlnated Dibenzo-p-Dioxlns.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Aug 85, 55p EPA/600/X-85/284
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for bro-
minated dibenzo-p-dioxins was prepared by the Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH
for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Re-
sponse to support listings of hazardous constituents of
a wide range of waste streams under Section 3001 of
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
and to provide health-related limits for emergency ac-
tions under Section 101 of the Comprehensive Envi-
ronmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Exist-
ing data are insufficient to determine an Acceptable
Daily Intake (ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for
bromlnated dibenzo-p-dloxins. The Reportable Quanti-
ty (RQ) value of 1, 10, 100, 1000 or 5000 pounds is
used to determine the quantity of a hazardous sub-
stance for which notification is required in the event of
a release as specified by CERCLA based on chronic
toxicity. Existing data are insufficient to determine an
rq value.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable daily intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Brominated dibenzo-p-
dioxins.
PB88-174578/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Benzal Chloride.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 85, 25p EPA/600/X-85/046
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
benzal chloride was prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Crite-
ria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response to
support listings of hazardous constituents of a wide
range of waste streams under Section 3001 of the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to
provide health-related limits for emergency actions
under Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmen-
tal Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Exist-
ing data are insufficient to determine an Acceptable
Daily Intake (ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for
benzal chloride. The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value
of 1, 10, 100, 1000 or 5000 pounds is used to deter-
mine the quantity of a hazardous substance for which
notification is required in the event of a release as
specified by CERCLA based on chronic toxicity. Exist-
ing data are insufficient to determine an RQ value.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable daily intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Benzal chloride, Benzyl
dichloride, Benzylene chloride.
PB88-174586/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-
Ethoxyethanol.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Oct 85,81 p EPA/600/X-85/373
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-
ethoxyethanol was prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Crite-
ria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response to
support listings of hazardous constituents of a wide
range of waste streams under Section 3001 of the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to
provide health-related limits for emergency actions
under Section (CERCLA), Both published literature
and information obtained from Agency program office
files were evaluated as they pertained to potential
human health, aquatic life and environmental effects
of hazardous waste constituents. Quantitative esti-
mates have been presented provided sufficient data
are available. 2-Ethoxyethanol has been determined to
be a systemic toxicant. An Acceptable Daily Intake
(ADI), defined as the amount of a chemical to which
humans can be exposed on a daily basis over an ex-
tended period of time (usually a lifetime) without suffer-
ing a deleterious effect, for 2-ethoxyethanol is 25 mg/
day for oral exposure. The Reportable Quantity (RQ)
value of 1,10,100,1000 or 5000 pounds is used to de-
termine the quantity of a hazardous substance for
which notification is required in the event of a release
as specified by CERCLA based on chronic toxicity.
The RQ value for 2-ethoxyethanol is 1000.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and environmental effects
profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable daily intake. Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, CAS 110-80-5, "Ethox-
yethanol. Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether.
PBM-174594/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1,3-
Dichloropropene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 85,95p EPA/600/X-85/399
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1,3-
dichloropropene was prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Crite-
ria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response to
support listings of hazardous constituents of a wide
range of waste streams under Section 3001 of the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to
provide health-related limits for emergency actions
under Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmen-
tal Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. 1,3-
Dichloropropene has been evaluated as a carcinogen.
The human carcinogen potency factor (q1") for 1,3-
dichloropropene is .174 (mg/kg/day)-2 for oral expo-
sure. The Reportable Quantity (RO) value of 1, 10,
100, 1000 or 5000 pounds is used to determine the
quantity of a hazardous substance for which notifica-
tion is required in the event of a release as specified by
CERCLA based on chronic toxicity. The RQ value for
1,3-dichloropropene is 100.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental effects
profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable daily intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Propene/dichloro, Dich-
loropropene, CAS 542-75-6, CAS 10061-02-6, CAS
10061-01-5.
PB88-174602/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bro-
minated Dlbenzofurans.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Aug 85,42p EPA/600/X-85/283
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for bro-
minated dibenzofurans was prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmen-
tal Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response to
support listings of hazardous constituents of a wide
range of waste streams under Section 3001 of the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to
provide health-related limits for emergency actions
under Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmen-
tal Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Exist-
ing data are insufficient to determine an Acceptable
Daily Intake (ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for
brominated dibenzofurans. The Reportable Quantity
(RQ) value of 1,10,100, 1000 or 5000 pounds is used
to determine the quantity of a hazardous substance for
which notification is required in the event of a release
as specified by CERCLA based on chronic toxicity. Ex-
isting data are insufficient to determine an RQ value.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and environmental effects
profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable daily intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Dibenzofurans.
PB88-174610/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bro-
mochloromethanes.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 85,120p EPA/600/X-85/397
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for bro-
mochloromethanes was prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmen-
tal Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response to
support listings of hazardous constituents of a wide
range of waste streams under Section 3001 of the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to
provide health-related limits for emergency actions
under Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmen-
tal Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA). Both published literature and information
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Exist-
ing data are insufficient to determine an Acceptable
Daily Intake (ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for
the class as a whole. The Reportable Quantity (RQ)
value of 1,10,100,1000 or 5000 pounds is used to de-
termine the quantity of a hazardous substance for
which notification is required in the event of a release
as specified by CERCLA based on chronic toxicity. Ex-
isting data are insufficient to determine an RQ value for
the class as a whole.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable daily intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Bromochloromethanes,
CAS 74-97-5, Bromodichloromethane, CAS 75-27-4.
PB88-174677/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Resource Recovery and Waste Reduction: Third
Report to Congress.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
1975,116p EPA/SW-448
Also available from Supt. of Docs.Portions of this doc-
ument are not fully legible.
The Third Report to Congress reviews the status of re-
source recovery and waste reduction in the United
States and findings of EPA studies and investigations
that were available during 1974. It reflects the widen-
ing interest and knowledge, during the time period, that
developed in these areas as well as the various un-
knowns, uncertainties, and barriers that remain.
Keywords: "Waste management, Reduction, Re-
source recovery facilities, Meetings, US EPA, Con-
gressional inquiries.
PB88-174941/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Epichlorohydrln.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office
Jun 85, 95p EPA/600/X-85/400
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
epichlorohydrin was prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Crite-
ria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response to
support listings of hazardous constituents of a wide
range of waste streams under Section 3001 of the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to
provide health-related limits for emergency actions
under Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmen-
tal Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available.
Epichlorohydrin has been evaluated as a carcinogen.
The human carcinogen potency factor (ql*) for epich-
lorohydrin is .0099 (mg/kg/day)-1 for oral exposure.
The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value of 1, 10, 100,
1000 or 5000 pounds is used to determine the quantity
of a hazardous substance for which notification is re-
quired in the event of a release as specified by
CERCLA based on chronic toxicity. The RQ value for
epichlorohydrin is 100.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Epichlorohydrin, CAS
106-89-8.
PB88-174958/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Formaldehyde.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Oct 85,154p EPA/600/X-85/362
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for form-
aldehyde was prepared by the Office of Health and En-
1012 Vol. 90, No. 24
vironmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response to support list-
ings of hazardous constituents of a wide range of
waste streams under Section 3001 of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to pro-
vide health-related limits for emergency actions under
Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Quantitative estimates have been presented
provided sufficient data are available. Existing data are
insufficient to determine an Acceptable Daily Intake
(ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for formalde-
hyde. The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value of 1, 10,
100, 1000 or 5000 pounds is used to determine the
quantity of a hazardous substance for which notifica-
tion is required in the event of a release as specified by
CERCLA based on chronic toxicity. The RQ value for
formaldehyde is 10.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, 'Formal-
dehyde, Streams, Water pollution, 'Health and Envi-
ronmental Effects Profiles, "Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act, Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily
Intake, Toxic substances, Pharmacokinetics, CAS 50-
00-0.
PB88-174966/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Hex-
amethylenediamine.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Apr 85,39p EPA/600/X-85/110
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for hexa-
methylenediamine was prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmen-
tal Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response to
support listings of hazardous constituents of a wide
range of waste streams under Section 3001 of the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to
provide health-related limits for emergency actions
under Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmen-
tal Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Exist-
ing data are insufficient to determine an Acceptable
Daily Intake (ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for
hexamethylenediamine. The Reportable Quantity (RQ)
value of 1,10,100,1000 or 5000 pounds is used to de-
termine the quantity of a hazardous substance for
which notification is required in the event of a release
as specified by CERCLA based on chronic toxicity. Ex-
isting data are insufficient to determine an RQ value.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Hexamethylenediamine,
CAS 124-09-4.
PB88-174974/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ani-
line.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 85,119p EPA/600/X-S5/356
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for ani-
line was prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and As-
sessment Office, Cincinatti, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response to support listings of
hazardous constituents of a wide range of waste
streams under Section 3001 of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide
health-related limits for emergency actions under Sec-
tion 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Quantitative estimates have been presented
provided sufficient data are available. Aniline has been
evaluated as a carcinogen. The human carcinogen po-
tency factor (ql *) for aniline is .026 (mg/kg/day)-1 for
oral exposure. The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value of
1, 10, 100, 1000 Or 5000 pounds is used to determine
the quantity of a hazardous substance for which notifi-
cation is required in the event of a release as specified
by CERCLA based on chronic toxicity. The RQ value
for aniline is 1000.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Aniline, CAS 62-53-3,
Beneamine, Phenylamine. Aminobenzene.	'
PB88-174982/HSU	PC A04/MF AOI
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Azo-
benzene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Mar 85,62p EPA/600/X-86/082
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for azo-
benzene was prepared by the Office of Health and En-
vironmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response to support list-
ings of hazardous constituents of a wide range of
waste streams under Section 3001 of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to pro-
vide health-related limits for emergency actions under
Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Quantitative estimates have been presented
provided sufficient data are available. Azobenzene has
been evaluated as a carcinogen. The human carcino-
gen potency factor (ql*) for azobenzene is .108 (mg/
kg/day)-1 for oral exposure. The Reportable Quantity
(RQ) value of 1, 10, 100, 1000 or 5000 pounds is used
to determine the quantity of a hazardous substance for
which notification is required in the event of a release
as specified by CERCLA based on chronic toxicity.
The RQ value for azobenzene is 100.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sui>
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Azobenzene, CAS 103-
33-3.
PB88-174990/HSU	PC A03/MF AOI
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bro-
mochloroethanes.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 85,41p EPA/600/X-85/391
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for bro-
mochloroethanes was prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Crite-
ria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response to
support listings of hazardous constituents of a wide
range of waste streams under Section 3001 of the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to
provide health-related limits for emergency actions
under Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmen-
tal Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Exist-
ing data are insufficient to determine an Acceptable
Daily Intake (ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for
bromochloroethanes. The Reportable Quantity (RQ»
value of 1,10,100,1000 or 5000 pounds is used to de-
termine the quantity of a hazardous substance for
which notification is required in the event of a release
as specified by CERCLA based on chronic toxicity Ex
isting data are insufficient to determine an RQ value.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Bromochloroethanes,
CAS 107-04-0, CAS 593-96-4, CAS 683-53-4, CAS
598-20-9.
PB88-175039/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Anti-
mony Oxides.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jul 85, 129p EPA/600/X-85/271
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for anti-
mony oxides was prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response to support
listings of hazardous constituents of a wide range of
waste streams under Section 3001 of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to pro-
vide health- related limits for emergency actions under
Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Quantitative estimates have been presented
provided sufficient data are available. Antimony oxides
have been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount
of a chemical to which humans can be exposed on a
daily basis over an extended period of time (usually a
lifetime) without suffering a deleterious effect, for anti-
mony, antimony trioxide, antimony tetroxide and anti-
mony pentoxide is 24.5, 29.3, 30.9 and 32.5 micro-
grams/day, respectively, for oral exposure. The Re-
portable Quantity (RQ) value of 1, 10, 100, 1000 or
5000 pounds is used to determine the quantity of a
hazardous substance for which notification is required
in the event of a release as specified by CERCLA
based on chronic toxicity. The RQ value for antimony
oxides is 100.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Antimony oxides, CAS
1327-33-9, CAS 1309-64-4, CAS 1327-33-9.
PB88-175047/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Chloride -1988,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
D. Benoit. Feb 88,48p* EPA/440/5-88/001
See also PB85-227429.
The document reviews the available aquatic toxicity
data for sodium chloride as well as several other chlo-
ride salts, and uses the data to derive a criterion. The
criterion is designed to be protective for the toxic ef-
fects of sodium chloride, but may not be adequate for
other salts because of their greater toxicity. A com-
plete bibliography is included.
Keywords: "Chloride, "Water pollution, "Toxicity,
AqUatic animals, Marine microorganisms, Exposure,
Clean Water Act and Amendments of 1981, "Sodium
chloride.
PB88-175880/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Development of Adrenergic Receptor Binding
Sites in Brain Regions of the Neonatal Rat: Ef-
fects of Prenatal or Postnatal Exposure to Methyl-
mercury. Journal article,
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC. Dept. of
Pharmacology.
J. V. Bartolome, R. J. Kavlock, T. Cowdery, L. Orband-
MNIer, andT. A. Slotkin. C1987,15p EPA/600/J-87/
153
Grant EPA-R-811821
Pub. in Neurotoxicology, v8 nl pM41987. Sponsored
by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
In order to understand the effects of developmental
exposure to methyl/mercury on the ontogeny of syn-
aptic function, the impact of prenatal or postnatal ex-
posure on acquisition of receptor binding sites for nor-
epinephrine was examined. The actions of the mercuri-
al were both regionally - and receptor subtype-selec-
tive and depended upon the maturational profile of
each region. Alpha 1 and alpha 2 and Beta-receptor
sites in the cerebellum, the region which develops last,
were the most vulnerable to methylmercury. In con-
trast, the same receptor subtypes in the midbrain +
brainstem, which develops earliest, were resistant to
methylmercury. The cerebal cortex, which matures at a
time midway between cerebellum and midbrain +
brainstem, also displayed intermediate vulnerability to
actions of methylmercury on receptors. Within the cer-
ebellum, prenatal exposure to 1 mg/kg to methylmer-
cury, interfered the most with ontogeny of alpha 1 -re-
ceptor binding, less so far alpha 2-receptors and least
for Beta-receptors. Lower doses of methylmercury
tended to increase receptor binding for all subtypes, a
fact which may contribute to promotion of neurological
development seen in animals exposed to those levels.
Keywords: "Brain, "Exposure, Rats, Development,
Toxicity, Nervous system, Reprints,
"Receptors(Adrenergic), "Mercury/methyl, Binding
sites, Synoptic receptors.
PB88-175930/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Stationary Source Compliance Div.
Technical Assistance Document: Recommended
Recordkeeping Systems for Air Pollution Control
Equipment. Part 1. Particulate Matter Controls.
Final rept.,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
G. Saunders, and R. Hawks. Aug 87,65p* EPA/340/
1-86/021
Contract EPA-68-02-3963
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Stationary Source Compliance Div.
The manual describes the types of records that should
be maintained for major particulate matter control sys-
tems - multicyclones, fabric filters wet (venturi) scrub-
bers, and electrostatic precipitators. Records of oper-
ating parameters and maintenance activity should be
part of any preventive maintenance program. Operat-
ing records can also be used to diagnose changes in
equipment performance affecting the compliance
status of a source. The basic elements of a record-
keeping program discussed in the manual include:
control equipment/process operating records, inspec-
tion checklist, inspection schedules, inspection re-
ports, and equipment maintenance records. Items to
be recorded and tracked for each type of control
equipment are listed.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Particles, Manuals,
Operation, Maintenance, Technology assistance,
"Recordkeeping systems, Particulates.
PB88-176029/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Cy-
clohexanol.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Apr 85, 48p EPA/600/X-85/109
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for cy-
clohexanol was prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response to suupport
listings of hazardous constituents of a wide range of
waste streams under Section 3001 of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to pro-
vide health-related limits for emergency actions under
Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Quantitative estimates have been presented
provided sufficient data are available. Existing data are
insufficient to determine an Acceptable Dally Intake
(ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for cyclohex-
anol. The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value of 1, 10,
100, 1000 or 5000 pounds is used to determine the
quantity of a hazardous substance for which notifica-
tion is required in the event of a release as specified by
CERCLA based on chronic toxicity. The RQ value for
cyclohexanol is 1000.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and environmental effects
profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable daily intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Cyclohexanol, CAS 108-
93-0.
PB88-176037/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Cre-
sols.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 85, 77p EPA/600/X-85/358
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for cre-
sols was prepared by the Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and As-
sessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response to support listings of
hazardous constituents of a wide range of waste
streams under Section 3001 of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide
health-related limits for emergency actions under Sec-
tion 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Quantitative estimates have been presented
provided sufficient data are available. Cresols has
been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An Accept-
able Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount of a
chemical to which humans can be exposed on a daily
basis over an extended period of time (usually a life-
time) without suffering a deleterious effect, for cresols
is 3.6 mg/day for oral exposure. The Reportable Quan-
tity (RQ) value of 1, 10, 100, 1000 or 5000 pounds is
used to determine the quantity of a hazardous sub-
stance for which notification is required in the event of
a release as specified by CERCLA based on chronic
toxicity. The RQ value for cresols is 100.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and environmental effects
profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable daily intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Cresols, CAS 1319-77-3,
CAS 95-48-7, CAS 108-39-4, CAS 106-44-5.
PB88-176045/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chloronltrobenzenes.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Apr 85,53p EPA/600/X-85/108
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for chlor-
onitrobenzenes was prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Crite-
ria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response to
support listings of hazardous constituents of a wide
range of waste streams under Section 3001 of the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to
provide health-related limits for emergency actions
under Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmen-
tal Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Exist-
ing data are insufficient to determine an Acceptable
Daily Intake (ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for
chloronitrobenzenes. The Reportable Quantity (RQ)
value of 1,10,100,1000 or 5000 pounds is used to de-
termine the quantity of a hazardous substance for
which notification is required in the event of a release
as specified by CERCLA based on chronic toxicity. Ex-
isting data are insufficient to determine an RQ value.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and environmental effects
profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable daily intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Chloronitrobenzenes,
CAS 88-73-3, CAS 100-00-5, CAS 121 -73-3.
PB88-176052/HSli	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chlorotoluenes.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 85, 35p EPA/600/X-85/045
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for chlor-
otoluenes was prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response to support
listings of hazardous constituents of a wide range of
waste streams under Section 3001 of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to pro-
vide health-related limits for emergency actions under
Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA),
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Quantitative estimates have been presented
provided sufficient data are available. Existing data are
insufficient to determine an Acceptable Daily Intake
(ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for chloroto-
luenes. The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value of 1, 10,
100, 1000 or 5000 pounds is used to determine the
quantity of a hazardous substance for which notifica-
tion is required in the event of a release as specified by
CERCLA based on chronic toxicity. Existing data are
insufficient to determine an RQ value.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and environmental effects
profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable daily intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Chlorotoluenes, CAS
108-41-8, CAS 95-49-8, CAS 106-43-4.
PB88-176060/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for N,N-
Diphenyiamine.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 85,81 p EPA/600/X-85/393
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for N,N-
diphenylamine was prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Crite-
ria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response to
Support listings of hazardous constituents of a wide
range of waste streams under Section 3001 of the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to
provide health-related limits for emergency actions
under Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmen-
tal Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. N.N-
Diphenylamine has been determined to be a systemic
toxicant. An acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as
the amount of a chemical to which humans can be ex-
posed on a daily basis over an extended period of time
(usually a lifetime) without suffering a deleterious
effect, for N,N-diphenylamine is 2.17 mg/day for oral
exposure. The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value of 1,
10,100,1000 or 5000 pounds is used to determine the
quantity of a hazardous substance for which notifica-
•!°nJ®.rec'uired in ,he event of a release as specified by
CERCLA based on chronic toxicity. The RQ value for
N,N-diphenylamine is 1000.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and environmental effects
profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable daily intake, "Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Diphenylamine CAS
122-39-4.
PB88-176078/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Metal Value Recovery from Metal Hydroxide
Sludges: Removal of Iron and Recovery of Chro-
mium. Final rept. Oct 85-Jul 87,
Montana Coll. of Mineral Science and Technology,
Butte.
L. G. Twidwell, and D. R. Dahnke. Mar 88,222p EPA/
600/2-88/019
Grant EPA-R-812533
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The report describes the application of commercially
developed hydrometallurgical processes to the recov-
1014 Vol. 90, No. 24
ery of metal values from complex metal finishing hy-
droxide sludges. Information in the report will be useful
to the electroplating and waste disposal industries in
general and to other industries responsible for treat-
ment and disposal of metal bearing process solutions.
Keywords: "Materials recovery, "Industrial waste treat-
ment, Chromium, Iron, Hydroxides, Sludge, Waste
water, Industrial wastes, Waste treatment,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Oxidation, Metals, Hazard-
ous materials, Value, Chemical removal(Water treat-
ment), Sludges, Wastes(lndustrial), Waste utilization,
Separation processes, Hydroxides, Phosphate proc-
ess, Waste processing.
PB88-176128/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
RPM (Remedial Project Manager) Primer: An Intro-
ductory Guide to the Role and Responsibilities of
the Superfund Remedial Project Manager. Final
rept.,
Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., Bethesda, MD.
C. H. Roe. Sep 87, 46p* REPT-9355.1 -02, EPA/540/
G-87/005
Contract EPA-68-01 -7376
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response.
The purpose of the document is to familiarize new Re-
medial Project Managers (RPMs) with their roles and
responsibilities in the Superfund remedial program. It
also can serve as an orientation to the Superfund re-
medial program for EPA program staff, and the public.
It is not intended to be a training document. EPA has
developed other materials and conducts courses spe-
cifically for training purposes. The Acme Waste Dis-
posal Co. site, the people, and the events described in
the document are hypothetical and were created to
depict the cleanup of an abandoned hazardous waste
site. The example illustrates typical Superfund remedi-
al response activities and was written to demonstrate
specifically the important role of the RP in managing
site cleanup and in coordinating the various partici-
pants. Key terminology and concepts appear in bold
face. For simplicity, the example depicted in the Primer
is a Fund-financed, Federal-lead project from start to
finish. In reality, a project may switch from Fund- to En-
forcement-lead, and from Federal- to State-lead during
the remedial process, thereby altering roles of the par-
ticipants. In addition, the example portrays the RPMs
involvement with only one site, when an RPM actually
may be involved with several concurrent projects.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, Guidelines, "Super-
fund remedial fund, CERCLA, SARA, Remedial, "Re-
medial project managers.
PB88-176136/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
90-Day Subchronic Oral Toxicity in Rats Test Ma-
terial: Pyridine. Volume 1. Final rept.,
Dynamac Corp., Rockville, MD.
R. C. Anderson. Dec 87,363p* EPA/530/SW-8B/
016A
Contract EPA-68-01-7266
See also Volume 2, PB8S-176144.Portions of this doc-
ument are not fully legible. Prepared in cooperation
with Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Pyridine was identified by Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy and gas chromatography/mass spec-
trometry. Assay by the above methods as well as gas
chromatography with a flame ionization detector indi-
cated that the material was greater than 99.9% pure
throughout the duration of the study. Stability tests on
aqueous solutions of pyridine in teflon sealed, amber
glass bottles indicated the test material was stable and
the concentration was unchanged over a period of up
to 4 weeks. A specific objective of the study was to de-
velop data on the neurological effects of pyridine over
the period of exposure. No significant histopathologi-
cal or clinical findings related to the neurological sys-
tems were found that could be definitely attributed to
exposure to pyridine.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Bioassay, Diets, Rats, Labora-
tory animals, Ingestion(Biology), "Pyridine, CAS 11-
086-1, "Neurotoxicity.
PB88-176144/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
90-Day Subchronic Oral Toxicity In Rats Test Ma-
terial: Pyridine. Volume 2. Final rept.,
Dynamac Corp., Rockville, MD.
R. C. Anderson. Dec 87,160p* EPA/530/SW-88/
016B
Contract EPA-68-01 -7266
See also Volume 1, PB88-176136. Prepared in coop-
eration with Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Contents: Materials and methods (Test material. Ani-
mals, Experimental procedures); Results (Dose formu-
lation and analysis, Mortality, Clinical observations,
Body weights and body weight changes, Food con-
sumption, Clinical pathology, Ophthalmological exami-
nations, Necropsy findings, Histopathology).
Keywords: "Toxicology, Bioassay, Diets. Rats, Labora-
tory animals, Ingestion(Biology), "Pyridine, CAS 11-
086-1, "Neurotoxicity.
PB88-176151/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Teratologic Evaluation of 2,3,4,6-Tetrachloro-
phenol (CAS No. 58-90-2) Administered to CD
Rats on Gestational Days 6 through 15. Final
Report,
Dynamac Corp., Rockville, MD.
J. D. George, C. J. Price, R. B. Sleet, M. C. Marr, and S
A. Segal. 21 Aug 87,104p* EPA/530/SW-88/017A
Contract EPA-68-01 -7366
See also PB88-176169. Prepared in cooperation with
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol (TCP) was administered by
gavage in olive oil to timed-pregnant CD rats at doses
of 0, 25, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day on gestational days
(gd) 6-15. No significant maternal effects were noted
at 25 to 100 mg/kg/day TCP. At 200 mg/kg/day TCP,
corrected maternal weight gain was significantly de-
pressed below controls. During the post-treatment
period, all TCP-exposed groups consumed significant-
ly more food than the control group. Embryo/fetal
growth and prenatal viability were not adversely affect-
ed by TCP exposure, nor was there any definitive evi-
dence of an effect of TCP upon fetal morphological de-
velopment.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Rats, Laboratory animals,
Dosage, Bioassay, Pregnancy, "Teratogenesis, CAS
58-90-2, "Tetrachlorophenol.
PB88-176169/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Solid Waste.
Teratologic Evaluation of 2,3,4,6-Tetrachloro-
phenol (CAS No. 58-90-2) Administered to CD
Rats on Gestational Days 6 through 15. Appendi-
ces 1 - 9,
Dynamac Corp., Rockville, MD.
J. D. George, and C. J. Price. 21 Aug 87,230p* EPA/
530/SW-88/017B
Contract EPA-68-01 -7266
See also PB88-176151. Portions of this document are
not fully legible. Prepared in cooperation with Re-
search Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The study examines the toxic and teratogenic effects
of purified 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol (TCP) adminis-
tered by gavage to timed-pregnant CD rats during the
period of major organogenesis, i.e., gestational days
(gd) 6 through 15. The study is designed to examine
the potential effects of the test compound upon mater-
nal status, as well as the growth, viability and morpho-
logical development of the fetus. The test species
doses for the teratology study (0,25,100 and 200 mg/
kg/day), route of administration, vehicle and dose
volume have been selected by the sponsor based
upon pre-existing toxicity data obtained from the avail-
able scientific literature and other unpublished studies
recently conducted by the sponsor. The high dose se-
lected for the teratology investigation is expected to
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
toxicity while allowing survival of at least 90% of treat-
ed females through scheduled sacrifice (gd 20).
Keywords: "Toxicology, Rats, Laboratory animals.
Dosage, 'Tetrachlorophenol, CAS 58-90-2, 'Terato-
genesis.
PB88-176177/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Rat Oral Subchronlc Toxicity Study. Compound:
Isobutyl Alcohol. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
E. C. Tompkins. Oct 87,390p* EPA/530/SW-88/015
Contract EPA-68-01 -7075
Also pub. as Toxicity Research Labs., Ltd., Muskegon,
Ml. rept. no. TRL/STUDY-032-002. Prepared in coop-
eration with Toxicity Research Labs. Ltd., Muskegon,
Ml. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the toxicity
of isobutyl alcohol in a rat subchronic toxicity study.
Four groups of male and female rats (30/sex/group)
were dosed orally once daily with 0,100, 316, or 1000
mg/kg/day of compound until the day of necropsy at
an interim sacrifice (days 29 and 30) or a final sacrifice
(days 92 and 93). Oral administration of isobutyl alco-
hol produced treatment-related effects at a dose level
of 1000 mg/kg/day, but not at dose levels of 100 or
316 mg/kg/day. At the 1000 mg/kg/day dose level,
hypoactivity was observed in all rats and body weight
gain in the males was 18% below the control average
during week 1. Food consumption averages were
below those of the controls for both males and fe-
males during weeks 1 and 2. In addition, serum potas-
sium averages were 11-15% below control averages
(both sexes) at the interim evaluation and this may
have been a small transitory effect related to treat-
ment.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Bioassay, Rats, Laboratory
animals, Ingestion(Biology), Dosage, 'Isobutyl alcohol,
'Teratogenesis, CAS 78-83-1.
PB88-176367/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for 1,2,4-Trichloroben-
zene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 87, 33p EPA/600/8-88/057
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systematic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer
is not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or
subchronic reference dose, is an estimate of an expo-
sure level that would not be expected to cause ad-
verse effects when exposure occurs during a limited
time interval. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs for a significant portion of
the lifespan. For compounds for which there is suffi-
cient evidence of carcinogenicity, q1*s have been
computed, if appropriate, based on oral and inhalation
data if available.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Trichlorobenzene, CAS
120-82-1.
PB88-176375/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Trihalogenated
Methanes.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jul 87, 51p EPA/600/8-88/059
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systematic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer
is not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or
subchronic reference dose, is an estimate of an expo-
sure level that would not be expected to cause ad-
verse effects when exposure occurs during a limited
time interval. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs for a significant portion of
the lifespan. For compounds for which there is suffi-
cient evidence of carcinogenicity, ql's have been
computed, if appropriate, based on oral and inhalation
data if available.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Trihalogenated meth-
anes, CAS 75-27-4, CAS 124-48-1, CAS 75-25-2.
PB88-176383/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Vanadium and
Compounds.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jul 87,47p EPA/600/8-88/061
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimate
ed for systematic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer
is not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or
subchronic reference dose, is an estimate of an expo-
sure level that would not be expected to cause ad-
verse effects when exposure occurs during a limited
time interval. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs for a significant portion of
the lifespan. For compounds for wnich there is suffi-
cient evidence of carcinogenicity, ql's have been
computed, if appropriate, based on oral and inhalation
data if available.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Vanadium, CAS 7440-
62-2.
PB88-177043/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Fate of Adriamycln-lnduced Dilated Renal Pelvis
in the Fetal Rat: Functional and Morphological Ef-
fects in the Offspring. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. J. Kavlock, B. F. Rehnberg, and E. H. Rogers. 1987,
11 p EPA/600/J-87/243
Pub. in Teratology, v36 p51-58 1987.
Previously the authors reported that gestational expo-
sure to Adriamycin, an anthracycline antibiotic used in
the treatment of neoplasms, reduced renal function in
the neonatal rat, and the authors suggested that alter-
ations in the development of the renat papilla might be
responsible for the disfunction. In the study the au-
thors exposed groups of Sprague-Dawley rats to 0,
1.0,1.25 or 1.5 mg/kg of adriamycin on gestation days
10-12, a period previously shown to be effective in al-
tering postnatal renal function with this compound. Off-
spring were evaluated at several developmental peri-
ods in order to: (1) precisely define the morphological
status of the urogenital system in adriamycin-treated
offspring; (2) replicate the finding of a decreased renal
concentrating ability in the neonates; (3) determine the
transience/permanence of any morphological effect;
and (4) correlate any permanent alterations in urogeni-
tal morphology with the indicator of neonatal functional
competence. Maternal adriamycin treatment induced
alterations in the development of the renal papilla that
persisted well into the postnatal life of the offspring.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Rats, Laboratory animals,
Morphological effects. Pregnancy, Bioassay, Reprints,
'Adriamycin.
PB88-177050/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Mutagenicity of 'm'-AMSA and 'o'-AMSA In Mam-
malian Cells Due to Clastogenic Mechanism: Pos-
sible Role of Topoisomerase. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
D. M. DeMarini, C. L. Doirr, M. K. Meyer, K. H. Brock,
and J. Hozier. C1987,9p EPA/600/J-87/242
Pub. in Mutagenesis, v2 n5 p349-355 1987. Prepared
in cooperation with Environmental Health Research
and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC., and
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Dept. of Biological
Science.
4-(9-Acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide (rn-
AMSA), an antitumor agent, is a potent clastogen in a
variety of mammalian cell lines, but it is only weakly
mutagenic at the hprt locus (Cancer Res. 44:4420,
1984; 45:3143,1985). To better understand the appar-
ent inability of m-AMSA to induce gene mutations
while being clastogenic, the authors investigated the
mutagenic and clastogenic abilities of m-AMSA and a
congener, o-AMSA, at the tk locus in L5178Y/TK + /- -
3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cells. m-AMSA and O-AMSA
were highly mutagenic at the tk locus. Between 90-
95% of the TK mutants at all doses were small-colony
mutants, indicating that most mutations were due to
chromosomal events. The potent clastogencity of
these agents was confirmed by gross chromosome
aberration analysis. The high correlation between the
clastogenic potency and mutagenic potency of m-
AMSA and o-AMSA at the tk (but not at the hprt) locus
may be because these compounds induce chromo-
somal rearrangements and/or deletions that affect the
expression of multiple loci. If any of the affected linked
genes are essential genes, the loss of function may be
lethal in the hemizygous state; and thus, these mu-
tants may not be recovered at the hprt locus but may
be recovered at a heterozygous locus like tk.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Mammals, Cells(Biology), Re-
prints, 'Mutagenesis, 'Clastogenesis, Topoisomer-
ase.
PB88-177068/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Intermittent Exposure of Rats to 2450 MHz Micro-
waves at 2.5 mW cm sq: Behavioral and Physio-
logical Effects. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. A. D'Andrea, J. R. DeWitt, R. Y. Emmerson, C,
Bailey, and S. Stensaas. C1986,16p EPA/600/J-86/
454
Pub. in Bioelectromagnetics, n7 p315-328 1986. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Utah Univ., Salt Lake City.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Long-Evans male adult rats were intermittently ex-
posed for 14 weeks to continuous wave (CW) 2450-
MHz microwaves at an average power density of 2.5
mW/sq. cm. The mean specific absorption rate was
0.70 W/kg (plus or minus 0.02 SEM). The rats were ex-
posed 7 h/day, 7 days/week in a radiation chamber
with a monopole above ground, while housed in Plexig-
las cages. Weekly measures of body mass and food
intake did not indicate statistically significant effects of
microwave irradiation. Assessments of threshold for
electric-footshock detection revealed a significant dif-
ference between microwave and sham-exposed ani-
mals. Assessments of cholinesterase and sulfhydryl
groups in blood and 17-ketosteriods, in urine did not
distinguish the two groups of rats. Behavioral meas-
ures made at the end of the 14-week exposure includ-
ed an open-field test, shuttlebox avoidance perform-
ance, and schedule-controlled lever-pressing for food
pellets: Statistically significant differences between
microwave- and sham-exposed rats were observed for
these measures. Examination of adrenal tissue,
plasma electrolytes, and organ masses after 14 weeks
of exposure revealed no difference between the two
group of rats.
Keywords: 'Microwaves, 'Radiation effects, Rats,
Laboratory animals, Exposure, Behavior effects, Physi-
ological effects, Reprints.
PB88-177076/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Behavioral and Physiological Effects of Chronic
2,450-MHz Microwave Irradiation of the Rat at 0.5
mW/cm sq. Journal article,
Utah Univ., Salt Lake City.
J. A. D'Andrea, J. R. DeWitt, O. P. Gandhi, S.
Stensaas, and J. L. Lords. C1986,14p EPA/600/J-86/
453
Contract EPA-68-02-3456
Pub. in Bioelectromagnetics, v7 p45-56 1986. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Adult male Long-Evans rats were intermittently ex-
posed to 2450 MHz CW microwaves at an average
power density of 0.5 mW/sq. cm. for 90 days. The re-
sulting SAR was 0.14 W/kg (range 0.11 to 0.18 W/kg).
The animals were exposed 7 h/day, 7 days/wk, for a
total of 630 h in a monopole-above-ground radiation
chamber while housed in Plexiglas holding cages.
Daily measures of body mass and food and water
intake indicated no statistically significant effects of
microwave exposure. Monthly assessment of reactivity
to electric footshock, levels of cholinesterase and sulf-
hydryl groups in blood, and 17-ketosteroids in urine re-
vealed no reliable differences between 14 sham- ex-
posed and 14 microwave-exposed rats. After the 90
days of exposure, seven rats, randomly chosen from
e? i ^rouP" we|,e assessed for open-field behavior,
shuttlebox performance, and schedule-controlled (IRT
schedule) lever pressing for food pellets. Statistically
significant differences between microwave-exposed
and sham-exposed rats were observed in shuttlebox
performances and lever pressing. Post mortem meas-
ures of mass of several organs and microscopic exam-
ination of adrenal tissue revealed no differences be-
tween the two groups of animals.
Keywords: "Microwaves, "Radiation effects, Behavior
effects, Physiological effects, Rats, Laboratory ani-
mals, Reprints.
PB88-177084/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Veqas
NV.
Environmental Applications of Thermospray
LCMS: Qualitative Analysis of Sulfonated Azo
Dyes. Journal article,
Houston Univ., TX.
D. A. Flory, M. M. McLean, M. I. Vestal, and L. D.
Betowski. C1987, 5p EPA/600/J-87/249
Grant EPA-R-812877
Pub. in Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry,
v1 n3 p48-50 Jul 87. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Thermospray mass spectra (TSMS) has been used to
obtain mass spectra of several di- and tetra- sulfonat-
ed azo dyes. Commercial dye preparations were dis-
solved in various mobile phases and injected into the
TSMS system. Mobile phases investigated included
pure water and varying concentrations (0.00001 to o.i
M) of aqueous ammonium acetate and ammonium sul-
fate. Negative ion mass spectra were obtained for
seven di- and two tetra-sulfonated azo dyes with as
little as 100 nanograms of sample injected into a pure
water mobile phase. Singly and doubly charged nega-
tive ions corresponding to losses of one and two
sodium atoms were generally observed. Results indi-
cate that protonation by ammonium acetate begins to
occur at concentrations between 0.001 and 2.5 x
0.001 M. At concentrations higher than 0.01 M there is
suppression of the response. These results mean that
anion evaporation of the analyte directly from the drop-
let is the major ionization process operating under
these conditions and there is no significant chemical
ionization contribution. The suppression of ionization
at higher salt concentrations is due to the injection of
the more volatile salt anion (relative to the dye) before
the field strength is sufficient to eject dye anions from
the evaporating droplets. (Copyright (c) Hayden +
Son Limited 1987.)
Keywords: "Azodyes, "Chromatographicanalysis, "In-
dustrial wastes, 'Sulfonates, Mass spectroscopy, Pol-
lution, Tables(Data), Effluents, "Ionization, Qualitative
analysis, Reprints.
PB88-177092/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Electrophillc Bromination of Dibenzofuran. Journal
article,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
G. W. Sovocool, W. D. Munslow, J. R. Donnelly, and R.
K. Mitchum. C1987, 7p EPA/600/J-87/248
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
Pub. in Chemosphere, v16 n1 p221-224 1987. Spon-
sored by Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
Dibenzofuran has been brominated under standard
electrophilic conditions to yield mono- through octa-
bromodibenzofuran. The GC retention indices for ten
products have been measured and correlated with the
retention indices for the corresponding chloro dibenzo-
furans. Mass spectra for the eight major products are
reported. Brominated dibenzofurans (PBDFs) may be
widely dispersed in the environment, arising from oxi-
dative ring closure of fire retardant brominated biphen-
yls e.g., Fire Master BP6, combustion of other bromine
containing materials, from the use of brominated phen-
ols as synthetic intermediates, and other routes analo-
gous to the formation of the chlorinated dibenzofurans
(PBDFs). In order to monitor possible environmental
contamination by highly toxic PBDFs, authentic analyt-
ical chemical standards of these compounds must be
available. The authors wish to report the synthesis of
certain congeners of mono- through octa PBDFs,
mass spectral characteristics of these compounds,
and retention indices for these compounds. The reten-
tion indices for these compounds were found to corre-
late well with those of the PCDFs. The correlation was
used in a novel application to assign structures while
minimizing potential human exposure to these materi-
als.
Keywords: Reprints, 'Dibenzofuran, 'Electrophilic bro-
mination, PBDFs.
PB88-177118/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry of Brominated
Dibenzo- p'-dioxlns and Dibenzofurans. Journal ar-
ticle,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
J. R. Donnelly, W. D. Munslow, R. L. Vonnahme, N. J.
Nunn, andC. M. Hedin. c1987,10p EPA/600/J-87/
247
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
Pub. in Biomendical and Environmental Mass Spec-
trometry, v14 p465-472 Aug 87. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Brominated dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDDs and
PBDFs) are known contaminants in commercial fire re-
tardant preparations. Further, they are formed in incin-
eration processes involving polybrominated biphenyl
and diphenylether fire retardants. The report presents
the characterization of polybrominated dioxins and di-
benzofurans. In particular, environmental monitoring
methodology for PBDDs and PBDFs has been devel-
oped and confirmation criteria for GC/MS analyses are
presented.
Keywords: "Fire retardants, Mass spectrometry, Re-
prints, "Brominated dioxins, 'Dibenzofurans, PBDDs
PBDFs.
PB88-177126/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Correlation of Structure with Retention Index tor
Chlorinated Dlbenzo-'p'-Dioxins. Journal article.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas
NV.	'
J. R. Donnelly, W. D. Munslow, R. K. Mitchum, and G
W. Sovocool. C1987, 15p EPA/600/J-87/246
Pub. in Jnl. of Chromatography 392, p51-63 Apr 87.
Prepared in cooperation with Lockheed Engineering
and Management Services Co., Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
The method presented in the paper allows calculation
of the retention indices for the chlorinated dibenzo-p-
dioxins under a specific set of experimental conditions
using a limited data set. The technique provides a
simple way to obtain retention index data for those
isomer standards not readily available. Thus, the tech-
nique can aid in structure assignment of specific con-
geners whether obtained from synthesis or found in
environmental monitoring efforts. These calculations
have proved highly successful in checking gas chro-
matographic retention data for internal consistency.
Keywords: Reprints, "Retention index, 'Chlorinated di-
benzo-p-dioxins.
PB88-177134/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Immune Function in Mice Exposed to the Adeno-
sine Deaminase Inhibitor 2'-Deoxycoformycin
During Immune System Development. Journal arti-
cle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. W. Luebke, L. D. Lawson, R. R. Rogers, M. M.
Riddle, and R.J. Smialowicz. 1987,1 Sp EPA/600/J-
87/245
Pub. in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicoloav
v9n2-3p 149-161 1987.
Pregnant mice were administered 2'-deoxycoformycin
(2dCF), a potent inhibitor of adensoine deaminase ac-
tivity, by intraperitoneal injection on day 7 or 15 of ges-
tation or from day 8-12 or 14-18 of gestation. A total
dose of 0, 0.5 or 2.0 micrograms 2dCF/g of maternal
body weight was given to all dams. In a separate study,
pups born to nontreated dams were given 5 intrapert^
toneal injections totaling 0, 0.5, 2.0 or 4.0 micrograms
2dCF/g beginning at 4 weeks of age. Administered
doses of 2dCF were at levels known to profoundly sup-
press adenosine deaminase levels in adult mice. Pups
born to dams injected with 2dCF from day 14-18 all
died within 48 h of birth whereas other injection sched-
ules had no effect on birth rate or survival of pups. In
utero 2dCF exposure had little effect on immune func-
tion in offspring. On the other hand, body, spleen and
thymus weight, and splenic cellularity were decreased
in weanling mice 24 h after the last injection of 4 mlcro-
grams/g 2dCF. Proliferative responses of splenocytes
to T cell mitogens and alloantigens were likewise sup-
pressed at both 2.0 and 4.0 micrograms/g 2dCF.
Keywords: 'Immunity, Mice, Exposure, Laboratory ani-
mals, Inhibitors, Reprints, 'Adenosine deaminase
Deoxycoformycin.	'
PB88-177142/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Mutagenicity of Actlnomycln D In Mammalian
Cells Due to Clastogenlc Effects. Journal article
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
D. M. DeMarini, K. H. Brock, C. L. Doerr, and M M
Moore. C1987, 7p EPA/600/J-87/244
Pub. in Mutation Research 192, p151 -155 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Environmental Health Re-
search and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Actinomycin D was clastogenic and mutagenic in
L5178Y/TK + /- -3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cells. The
majority of the mutants were small colonies, indicatina
that actinomycin D acts primarily by a clastogenic
mechanism. The authors have been studying the mu-
tagenicity of a series of agents that are highly clasto-
genic and induce DNA breaks but that are not muta-
genic (or give very low mutant frequencies) in prokyro-
tic systems and at functionally heterozygous tk locus
and prt) in mammalian cells. They have been evaluat-
ing agents such as actinoycin D at the functionally hel
terozygous tk locus in L5178Y/TK + /- -3.7.2.C mouse
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
lymphoma cells to determine if these agents, which
induce low mutant frequencies at the hemizygous hprt
locus, might induce high mutant frequencies at the he-
terozygous tk locus. L5178Y/TK + /- -3.7.2.C mouse
lymphoma cells permit the measurement of forward
mutation at the functionally heterozygous tk locus, and
extensive studies indicate that these cells may detect
both single-gene (intragenic) mutations as well as
chromosomal mutations (intragenic events resulting
from chromosomal rearrangements and/or functional
multilocus deletions) affecting the expression of the tk
locus.
Keywords: Cells(Biology), Mammals, Reprints, 'Muta-
genesis, Actinomycin D, 'Clastogenesis.
PB88-177159/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Fundamental Mechanisms Governing Transients
from the Batch Incineration of Liquid Wastes In
Rotary Kilns. Rept. for Feb 87-Feb 88,
Arizona Univ., Tucson. Dept. of Chemical Engineering.
J. O. L. Wendt, W. P. Linak, and J. A. McSorley. Mar
88,58p EPA/600/D-88/041
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper provides insight into why (for liquid wastes)
'puffs' are very easily generated and why their magni-
tudes and intensities increase with increasing kiln tem-
perature and rotation speed; and how the generation
of puffs in general is controlled by waste properties,
sorbent properties, and kiln operating parameters. A
theoretical model describing simultaneous heat and
mass transfer into a sorbent aggregate, coupled with
vapor-pressure-driven waste vaporization within the
sorbent aggregate, was combined with a fragmenta-
tion model and was able to qualitatively predict experi-
mentally observed effects relating to puff duration, kiln
speed rotation, kiln temperature, and stoichiometric
oxygen requirement of the waste. These theoretical re-
sults support data from an EPA rotary kiln incinerator
simulator.
Keywords: 'Incinerators, 'Hazardous wastes, 'Pollu-
tion, Vaporizing, Liquids, Mathematical models, Com-
bustion, Sorbents.
PB88-177167/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Biotransformation of Trichloroethene in a Variety
of Subsurface Materials. Journal article,
Florida International Univ., Miami. Drinking Water Re-
search Center.
G. A. Barrio-Lage, F. Z. Parsons, R. S. Nassar, and P.
A. Lorenzo. C1987,11p EPA/600/J-87/238
Grant EPA-R-80994
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v6
n8 p571-578 Aug 87. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr En-
vironmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
The abilities of three types of sediment to biotransform
trichloroethene (TCE) were compared to determine
the influence of environmental factors that differ
among sediments of different composition. The results
could suggest TCE behavior at spill sites in a variety of
subsurface materials. Microcosms containing water
and sediment ranging from predominantly organic ma-
terial to calcareous rock were spiked to contain S ma/
L of TCE and allowed to incubate the dark at 25 deg C.
TCE was completely transformed to cis-, 2-dichlor-
oethene (CIS) in one year by a sandy organic sediment
that was contaminated with TCE prior to microcosm
construction. Microcosms prepared with crushed rock
and water, which contained low microbial biomass, de-
pleted all the TCE spike in 21 months of incubation;
however, less than 10% of the depleted TCE was re-
covered as 1,2-dichloro-ethene. Sodium acetate was
added to selected microcosms for the purpose of in-
creasing active microbial populations: however, this
had no effect on the depletion of TCE.
Keywords: Reprints, 'Ethene/trichloro, "Subsurface
materials, 'Biotransformation.
PB88-177183/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Dose-Response Fallacy In Human Reproductive
Studies of Toxic Exposuree. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Reproductive Effects Assessment Group.
S. G. Selevan, and G. K. Lemasters. c1987,6p EPA/
600/J-87/271
Pub. in Jnl. of Occupational Medicine, v29 n5 p451-
454 May 87. Prepared in cooperation with National
Inst, for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati,
OH., and Cincinnati Univ., OH.
The manner in which exposure is defined can affect
the findings of reproductive studies of toxic exposures.
The individual end points potentially examined, such
as fetal loss, subfertility, and congenital malformations
observed at birth, are on a continuum by severity of
effect: the most extreme effects of the three being in-
fertility because no pregnancy is possible, and the
least extreme, congenital malformations recognized at
birth. End points observed at birth are survivors of a
long and complex process. The process yielding one
of these adverse end points may result from a number
of factors, including level of exposure could result in
early fetal loss, whereas a lower one might result in a
congenital malformation observed at birth. If the prob-
ability of a less severe end point falls due to increasing
probability of more severe end points with increasing
exposure, then a nontraditional dose-response rela-
tionship may be observed in the study of one type of
outcome.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Reproduction(Biology), 'In-
dustrial medicine, Dosage, Responses, Humans, Ex-
posure, Reprints, 'Occupational safety and health.
PB88-177191/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparing Three Sampling Designs for Monitor-
ing Conforms In Small Community Water Systems.
Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
T. A. Stukel, F. C. Reed, E. R. Greenberg, and N. J.
Jacobs. C1987,7p EPA/600/J-87/250
Pub. in Jnl. of American Water Works Association, v79
n11 p50-54 Nov 87. Prepared in cooperation with Dart-
mouth Medical School, Hanover, NH.
Three sampling designs: weekly, monthly and spatial
cluster are compared as to their effectiveness in de-
tecting coliform contamination in small community
drinking water systems. Water samples were collected
over a one-year period from fifteen drinking water sys-
tems in rural communities of Vermont and New Hamp-
shire. Sampling five times per month, whether samples
were collected simultaneously at five different sites
within a system (spatial cluster) or once a week at the
same site, detected between SO and 100% more con-
taminated situations than were found by sampling
once per month. The spatial cluster design was slightly
more sensitive than the weekly sampling design in its
ability to detect coliform contamination.
Keywords: Sampling design, Reprints, 'Water pollu-
tion detection, 'Coliform detection, Spatial cluster
design, Sample frequency, Small water systems.
PB88-177258/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Urethane Affects the Rat Visual System at Suban-
•sthetlc Doses. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. S. Dyer, and G. C. Rigdon. 1987,6p EPA/600/J-87/
251
Pub. in Physiology and Behavior, v41 p327-330 1987.
Urethane is an anesthetic which is commonly used in
neurophysiologies studies because it is presumed to
have minimal effects upon neuronal activity. The study
investigated the influence of urethane anesthesia
upon flash evoked potentials (FEPs) recorded from
hooded rats. 1 subanesthetic dosages (.25 g/kg and .5
g/kg) and an anesthetic dosage (1.0 g/kg) were ad-
ministered, and subsequently recorded FEPs were
compared to vehicle-injected controls. Urethane pro-
duced profound qualitative and quantitative effects
upon the FEP. At .5 g/kg, the P1 (normal latency = 20
msec) and N1 (normal latency = 30 msec) peaks
became unrecognizable. Peak N1 disappeared and
peak P1 merged with P2 (normal latency = 45 msec).
Peak P2 increased in amplitude by about 100%. The
results indicate that in the visual system, urethane has
a significant influence upon neuronal activity. Caution
should be used in interpreting data obtained from ure-
thane-anesthetized rats.
Keywords: 'Anesthetics, Rats, Laboratory animals,
Neurophysiology, Dosage, Reprints, 'Urethane.
PB88-177977/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Report to Congress: Wastes from the Combustion
of Coal by Electric Utility Power Plants. Final
Report.
ICF, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
Feb 88, 374p EPA/530/SW-88/002A
Contract EPA-68-01-7290
See also Appendices, PB88-177985. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Under Section 8002(N) of RCRA, the Report to Con-
gress is to address: source and volumes of wastes
generated per year; present disposal and utilization
practices; potential danger to human health and the
environment; documented cases in which danger to
human health or the environment has been proved; al-
ternatives to current disposal methods; cost of alterna-
tive disposal methods; impact of alternatives on the
use of coal and other natural resources; current and
potential utilization of waste materials.
Keywords: 'Coal, 'Combustion products, 'Electric
power plants, Congressional inquiries, Resource re-
covery acts.
PB88-177985/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Report to Congress: Wastes from the Combustion
of Coal by Electric Utility Power Plants. Appendi-
ces.
ICF, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
Feb 88, 176p EPA/530/SW-88/002B
Contract EPA-68-01-7290
See also Final rept., PB88-177977. Sponsored by En-
vironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Under Section 8002(N) of RCRA, the Report to Con-
gress is to address: source and volumes of wastes
generated per year; present disposal and utilization
practices; potential danger to human health and the
environment; documented cases in which danger to
human health or the environment has been proved; al-
ternatives to current disposal methods; cost of alterna-
tive disposal methods; impact of alternatives on the
use of coal and other natural resources; and current
and potential utilization of waste materials.
Keywords: 'Coal, 'Combustion products, 'Electric
power plants, Congressional inquiries, Resource re-
covery acts.
PB88-178025/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Determination of Total Gaseous Nonmethane Or-
ganic Emissions as Carbon: Summary of Com-
ments and Responses for Method 25,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Measurement Branch.
G. McAlister. Aug 87, 21 p EPA/450/3-87/018
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
On November 7,1986, the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency (EPA) published in the Federal Register
(51 FR 40448) the revised Method 25, 'Determination
of Total Gaseous Nonmethane Organic Emissions as
Carbon.' Public comments were solicited at the time of
proposal. To provide interested persons the opportuni-
ty for oral presentations of data, views, or arguments
concerning the proposed revisions of the test method,
a public hearing was scheduled for December 22,
1986, at the Research Triangle Park, North Carolina,
but no person desired to make an oral presentation.
The public comment period was from November 7,
1986, to January 21, 1987. Three comment letters
were received concerning issues relative to the pro-
posed test methods. A detailed discussion of these
comments and responses is summarized in the docu-
ment. The comments have been carefully considered,
and appropriate changes have been made in the pro-
posed revision.
Keywords: 'Emissions, 'Air pollution, Carbons, Air
quality, Sampling, Toxicity, Hazardous materials. Reg-
ulations, *VOC(volatile Organic Compounds), Clean
Air Act, Environmental monitoring.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-178421/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Correlation Testing of the European EMA (Engine
Manufacturers Association) Round Robin Engine
(Daimler-Benz OM 366 A). Heavy-Duty Engine
Testing Report. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
T. M. Baines. Dec 87, 29p EPA/AA/SDSB-88/04
The report examines the results of testing the Daimler-
Benz OM 366 A heavy-duty engine at the Environmen-
tal Protection Agency Motor Vehicle Emission Labora-
tory. This heavy-duty engine was tested for the pur-
pose of providing correlation data for the comparison
with similar data developed by European Engine Man-
ufacturers (EMA). The European EMA members orga-
nized a round robin testing program and decided to
test a Daimler-Benz OM 366A engine, and to focus the
program on gathering simple cold start/hot start Fed-
eral Test Procedure data. The report includes the re-
sults of the tests, including engine description, fuels,
test procedures and test plans.
Keywords: 'Diesel engines, 'Tests, Exhaust emis-
sions, Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen
oxides, Tables(Data), Emission factors.
PB88-178579/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Hazardous Waste Collection: Database Thesau-
rus.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Information Management and Services Div.
Dec 87, 72p EPA/IMSD/87-010
For system on diskette, See PB87-945000.
The thesaurus was developed to accompany the Haz-
ardous Waste Collection Database (PB87-945000)
which was developed by staff of EPA's Information
Services Branch and the Headquarters Library. The
Hazardous Waste Collection: Database Thesaurus list
300 subject terms to be used in the indexing of biblio-
graphic records entered in the Hazardous Waste Col-
lection Database and to assist searchers in the retriev-
al of those bibliographic records.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Hazardous materials,
'Water pollution, Air pollution, Thesauri, Collecting
methods, Organic compounds, 'Data base, Alterna-
tive planning.
PB88-178587/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Influence of Coal Mineral Matter on the Effective-
ness of Dry Sorbent Injection for S02 Control,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
D. M. Slaughter, W. J. Thomson, T. W. Peterson, S L
Chen, and W. R. Seeker. Aug 87, 272p* EPA/600/7-
87/020
Contract EPA-68-02-3987
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
Resea ^h L^'8 ^ar^' ^ *'r anc' ^ner9y Engineering
The report describes the use of laboratory-, bench-,
and pilot-scale facilities to examine the impact of min-
falmatter on calcium-based sorbent reactivity toward
S02. Two areas of concern were investigated: (1) del-
eterious effects of coal ash; and, (2) beneficial (pro-
moter) effects of additive and ash minerals. The mech-
anisms of sorbent/mineral interactions were also stud-
ied using a variety of sophisticated techniques, includ-
ing scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive
spectroscopy, x-ray spectroscopy, x-ray microprobing,
and dynamic x-ray diffractometry. Coal ash deactiva-
tion was shown to occur through the formation of calci-
um silicates which reduces calcium availability and
promotes sintering of the sorbent. However, this
mechanism was found important only when the ash
and sorbent were intimately contacted prior to firing.
Alkali metals and chromium-series transition elements
were found to promote sorbent reactivity. The basic
mechanisms involved the increase of mass transfer
within sorbent particles by altering the pore structure,
as well as increased solid product layer diffusion (in-
creased ion mobility). The alkali metals were also
found to react directly with S02.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide, Sor-
bents, Reactivity, Calcium, Minerals, Coal, Alkali
mefals, Chromium, Stationary sources, "Coal ash.
PB88-178710/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Boron and Com-
pounds.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
May 87, 40p EPA/600/8-88/021
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systematic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer
is not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or
subchronic reference dose, is an estimate of an expo-
sure level that would not be expected to cause ad-
verse effects when exposure occurs during a limited
time interval. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs for a significant portion of
the lifespan. For compounds for which there is suffi-
cient evidence of carcinogenicity, q1*s have been
computed, if appropriate, based on oral and inhalation
data if available.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Boron, CAS 7440-42-8.
PB88-178728/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Fully Halogenated
Methanes.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 87,44p EPA/600/8-88/041
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systematic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer
is not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or
subchronic reference dose, is an estimate of an expo-
sure level that would not be expected to cause ad-
verse effects when exposure occurs during a limited
time interval. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs for a significant portion of
the lifespan. For compounds for which there is suffi-
cient evidence of carcinogenicity, q1*s have been
computed, if appropriate, based on oral and inhalation
data if available.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Halogenated methanes,
CAS 95-71 -8, CAS 75-69-4.
PB88-178736/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Hexachloroethane.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
May 87,32p EPA/600/8-88/043
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
SeealsoPB86-134111.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systemic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer is
not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or subch-
ronic reference dose, is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs during a limited time inter-
val. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure level that
would not be expected to cause adverse effects when
exposure occurs for a significant portion of the life-
span. For compounds for which there is sufficient evi-
dence of carcinogenicity, q1 *s have been computed, if
appropriate, based on oral and inhalation data if avai -
able.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams
Water pollution, 'Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sut>
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Hexachloroethane, CAS
67-72-1.
PB88-178744/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-NI-
tropropane.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Apr 85, 47p EPA/600/X-85/112
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-ni-
tropropane was prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response to support
listings of hazardous constituents of a wide range of
waste streams under Section 3001 of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to pro-
vide health-related limits for emergency actions under
Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Quantitative estimates have been presented
provided sufficient data are available. 2-Nitropropane
has been evaluated as a carcinogen. The human car-
cinogen potency factor (q1 *) for 2-nitropropane is 9.36
(mg/kg/day)-1 for oral exposure. The Reportable
Quantity (RQ) value of 1, 10, 100, 1000 or 5000
pounds is used to determine the quantity of a hazard-
ous substance for which notification is required in the
event of a release as specified by CERCLA based on
chronic toxicity. The RQ value for 2-nitropropane is
1000.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams
Water pollution, 'Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic su£
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Nitropropane, CAS 79.
46-9.
PB88-178751/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 4 4'.
Methylenediphenylisocyanate.	'
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Mar 85, 36p EPA/600/X-85/111
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 4,4'-
methylenediphenylisocyanate was prepared by the
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Envi-
ronmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati,
OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Re-
sponse to support listings of hazardous constituents of
a wide range of waste streams under Section 3001 of
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
and to provide health-related limits for emergency ac-
tions under Section 101 of the Comprehensive Envi-
ronmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Exist-
ing data are insufficient to determine an Acceptable
Daily Intake (ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for
4,4'-methylenediphenylisocyanate. The Reportable
Quantity (RQ) value of 1, 10, 100, 1000 or 5000
pounds is used to determine the quantity of a hazard-
ous substance for which notification is required in the
event of a release as specified by CERCLA based on
chronic toxicity. Existing data are insufficient to deter-
mine an RQ value.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and environmental effects
profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable daily intake, Toxic sub-
stances. Pharmacokinetics, "Methylenediphenyliso-
cyanate, CAS 101-68-8.
PB88-178789/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 4,4'-
Methyl*nebis(N,N-Dimethyl)Aniline.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 85,63p EPA/600/X-85/371
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 4,4'-
methylenebis-(N,N-dimethvl)-aniline was prepared by
the Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincin-
nati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response to support listings of hazardous constitu-
ents of a wide range of waste streams under Section
3001 of the REsource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA) and to provide health-related limits for emer-
gency actions under Section 101 of the Comprehen-
sive Environmental Response, Compensation and Li-
ability Act (CERCLA). Both published literature and in-
formation obtained from Agency program office files
were evaluated as they pertained to potential human
health, aquatic life and environmental effects of haz-
ardous waste constituents. Quantitative estimates
have been presented provided sufficient data are
available. 4,4'-Methylenebis-(N,N-dimethyl)aniline has
been evaluated as a carcinogen. The human carcino-
gen potency factor (q1 *) for 4,4'-methylenebis-(N,N-
dimethyl)aniline is .115 (mg/kg/day)-1 for oral expo-
sure. The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value of 1, 10,
100, 1000 or 5000 pounds is used to determine the
quantity of a hazardous substance for which notifica-
tion is required in the event of a release as specified by
CERCLA based on chronic toxicity. The RQ value for
4,4'-methylenebis-(N,N-dimethyl)aniline is 1000.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles. 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, *Aniline/N-N-dimethyl-
methylenebis, CAS 101-61-1.
PB88-178777/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dich-
loroethanes.	„ , _
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Oct 85,148p EPA/600/X-85/359
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for dich-
loroethanes was prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response to support
listinas of hazardous constituents of a wide range of
waste streams under Section 3001 of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to pro-
vide health-related limits for emergency actions under
Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Quantitative estimates have been presented
provided sufficient data are available. Dichloroethanes
have been evaluated as a carcinogen. The human car-
cinogen potency factors (q1*) for 1,1-dichloroethane
and 1,2-dichloroethane are .091 (mg/kg/day)-1 and
.069-2 (mg/kg/day)-1, respectively, for oral exposure.
The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value of 1, 10, 100,
1000 or 5000 pounds is used to determine the quantity
of a hazardous substance for which notification is re-
quired in the event of a release as specified by
CERCLA based on chronic toxicity. The RQ value for
1,1- and 1,2-dichloroethane is 1000.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and environmental effects
profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable daily intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Dichloroethanes, CAS
75-34-3, CAS 107-06-2.
PB88-178785/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methyl Methacrylate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 85,88p EPA/600/X-85/364
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
methyl methacrylate was prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmen-
tal Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response to
support listings of hazardous constituents of a wide
range of waste streams under Section 3001 of the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to
provide health-related limits for emergency actions
under Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmen-
tal Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available.
Methyl methacrylate has been determined to be a sys-
temic toxicant. An Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), de-
fined as the amount of a chemical to which humans
can be exposed on a daily basis over an extended
period of time (usually a lifetime) without suffering a
deleterious effect, for methyl methacrylate is 5.3 mg/
day for oral exposure. The Reportable Quantity (RQ)
value of 1,10,100,1000 or 5000 pounds is used to de-
termine the quantity of a hazardous substance for
which notification is required in the event of a release
as specified by CERCLA based on chronic toxicity.
The RQ value for methyl methacrylate is 1000.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and environmental effects
profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable daily intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Methyl methacrylate,
CAS 80-62-6.
PB88-178793/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Aaaeaament for 2,4- and 2,6-Dinl-
trotoluene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
May 87,43p EPA/600/8-88/032
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent In these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, toxicants for which cancer is not the endpoint
of concern. The first, RfDS or subchronic reference
dose, is an estimate of an exposure level that would
not be expected to cause adverse effects when expo-
sure occurs during a limited time interval. The RfD is an
estimate of an exposure lei that would not be expected
to cause adverse effects when exposure occurs for a
significant portion of the lifespan. For compounds for
which there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity,
q1 *s have been computed, if appropriate, based on
oral and inhalation data if available.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and environmental effects
profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Dinitrotoluene, CAS 121-
14-2, CAS 606-20-2.
PB88-178801/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Trimethylben-
zenes.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 87,32p EPA/600/8-88/060
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systematic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer
is not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or
subchronic reference dose, is an estimate of an expo-
sure level that would not be expected to cause ad-
verse effects when exposure occurs during a limited
time interval. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs for a significant portion of
the lifespan. For compounds for which there is suffi-
cient evidence of carcinogenicity, q1*s have been
computed, if appropriate, based on oral and inhalation
data if available.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Trimethylbenzenes, CAS
526-73-8, CAS 95-63-6, CAS 108-67-8.
PB88-178928/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Tin and Com-
ounds.
nvlronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
May 87,41 p EPA/600/8-88/055
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ed for systematic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer
is not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or
subchronic reference dose, is an estimate of an expo-
sure level that would not be expected to cause ad-
verse effects when exposure occurs during a limited
time interval. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs for a significant portion of
the lifespan. For compounds for which there is suffi-
cient evidence of carcinogenicity, q1*s have been
computed, if appropriate, based on oral and inhalation
data if available.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Tin, CAS 7440-31 -5, CAS
18282-10-5, CAS 7772-99-8, CAS 7488-55-3, CAS
1314-95-0, CAS 1315-01-1, CAS 594-27-4, CAS 1068-
45-1.
PB88-178934/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Selected Phthalic
Acid Esters.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Oct 87, 80p EPA/600/8-88/053
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systemic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer is
not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or subch-
ronic reference dose, is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs during a limited time inter-
val. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure level that
would not be expected to cause adverse effects when
exposure occurs for a significant portion of the life-
span. For compounds for which there is sufficient evi-
dence of carcinogenicity, q1 *s have been computed, if
aCie0?"310, '5aset' on ora' ant^ '"halation data if avail-
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and environmental effects
profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable daily intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Phthalic acid esters, CAS
131-11-3, CAS 84-66-2, CAS 84-74-2, CAS 117-84-0,
CAS 117-81-7.
EB8S'J7I?,42/HSU	pc A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for 2-Chlorophenol
and 2,4-Dichlorophenol.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 87,36p EPA/600/8-88/052
See also PB86-134111 Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systematic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer
1020 Vol. 90, No. 24
is not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or
subchronic reference dose, is an estimate of an expo-
sure level that would not be expected to cause ad-
verse effects when exposure occurs during a limited
time interval. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs for a significant portion of
the lifespan. For compounds for which there is suffi-
cient evidence of carcinogenicity, q1*s have been
computed, if appropriate, based on oral and inhalation
data if available.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Chlorophenol, "Dichloro-
phenol, CAS 95-57-8, CAS 120-83-2.
PB88-178959/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for N-Nitrosodlpheny-
lamlne.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
May 87,32p EPA/600/8-88/051
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systematic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer
is not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or
subchronic reference dose, is an estimate of an expo-
sure level that would not be expected to cause ad-
verse effects when exposure occurs during a limited
time interval. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs for a significant portion of
the lifespan. For compounds for which there is suffi-
cient evidence of carcinogenicity, q1"s have been
computed, if appropriate, based on oral and Inhalation
data if available.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Nitrosodiphenylamine,
CAS 86-30-6.
PB88-178967/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Nitrophenols.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jul 87,27p EPA/600/8-88/050
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systematic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer
is not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or
subchronic reference dose, is an estimate of an expo-
sure level that would not be expected to cause ad-
verse effects when exposure occurs during a limited
time interval. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs for a significant portion of
the lifespan. For compounds for which there is suffi-
cient evidence of carcinogenicity, q1*s have been
computed, if appropriate, based on oral and inhalation
data if available.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Nitrophenols, CAS 88-
75-5, CAS 554-84-7, CAS-100-02-7.
PB88-178975/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Nitrobenzene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
May 87, 34p EPA/600/8-88/049
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systematic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer
is not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or
subchronic reference dose, is an estimate of an expo-
sure level that would not be expected to cause ad-
verse effects when exposure occurs during a limited
time interval. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs for a significant portion of
the lifespan. For compounds for which there is suffi-
cient evidence of carcinogenicity, ql's have been
computed, if appropriate, based on oral and inhalation
data if available.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams
Water pollution, 'Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic suth
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Nitrobenzene, CAS 98-
PB88-179205/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Beryllium. FlnM
Report,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.'
D. L. Bayliss, C. W. Chen, V. J. Cogliano, M. M. L. Chu.
and R. Elias. Nov 87,206p EPA/600/8-84/026F
See also PB86-183944.
The chemical and geochemical properties of beryllium
resemble those of aluminum, zinc, and magnesium
The resemblance is primarily due to similar ©nic po-
tentials which facilitate covalent bonding. The three
most common forms of beryllium in industrial emis-
sions are the metal, the oxide, and the hydroxide. The
main routes of beryllium intake for man and animals
are inhalation and ingestion. While the absorption of
ingested beryllium is probably quite 3matl, the chemi-
cal properties of beryllium are such that inhaled bervtli
um has a long retention time in the lungs, and thus, a
greater potential for absorption. The tissue distribution
of absorbed beryllium is characterized by depositions
primarily in the skeleton where the biological half-time
is fairly long. The lung is the critical organ of both acute
and chronic non-carcinogenic effects. However, unlike
most other metals, the lung effects caused by chronic
exposure to beryllium may be combined with systemic
effects, of which one common factor may be hyper-
sensitization. Certain beryllium compounds have
shown carcinogenic activity in various experimental
animals by various routes of exposure, but not by in
gestion per se. Epidemiologic studies are inadequate
to demonstrate or refute a human carcinogenic poten-
tial. In terms of the weight-of-evidence for carcinoaen
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
that the animal evidence for carcinogenicity is suffi-
cient and that beryllium and its compounds are regard-
ed as probably carcinogenic for humans.
Keywords: "Beryllium, 'Environmental surveys, 'In-
dustrial hygiene, Epidemiology, Air pollution, "Toxic
substances, "Occupational safety and health, Cancer.
PB88-179288/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Residential Wood Heaters - Background Informa-
tion for Promulgated Standards.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Nov 87,131 p EPA/450/03-87/025
The report contains background technical information
used in establishing standards of performance for resi-
dential wood heaters as proposed under the authority
of Sections 101, 111, 114, and 301 of the Clean Air
Act, as amended.
Keywords: "Wood, "Heating equipment, Air pollution
control, Emission, Regulations, Tests, Certification,
Economic impact, Costs, Quality assurance, Perform-
ance standards. Heaters, Wood heaters.
PB88-179304/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Reference Guide on State Financial Assistance
Programs,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Municipal Pollution Control.
P. Shafer, C. Gesalman, M. Elliott, A. Marasco, and P.
L. Shinn. Feb 88,50p* EPA/430/9-88/0004
Prepared in cooperation with Government Finance Of-
ficers Association, Washington, DC. Government Fi-
nance Research Center, and Weston (Roy F.), Inc.,
West Chester, PA.
The guide is intended to provide information to help
States in the initial stages of developing a financial as-
sistance program. The first part. 'Getting Started,' is
aimed at States that are just beginning to consider de-
veloping a financial assistance program. The second
part, 'Exploring Funding Sources and Financial Mech-
anisms,' is intended for all States, regardless of the
status of their current programs. It presents more de-
tailed information on the funding sources and financial
mechanisms that can be used in a State assistance
program and provides additional information on the ef-
fects of tax reform.
Keywords: "State government, Financial manage-
ment, Economic analysis, "Financial assistance pro-
grams, Reference guides.
PM8-179312/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
In-Usa Performance of Daimler-Benz Light-Duty
Diesel Particulate Trap Oxidizers. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
T. M. Baines, and P. N. Carlson. Feb 88,30p* EPA/
AA/SDSB-88-02
Ten in-use 1985 Mercedes-Benz light-duty diesel vehi-
cles equiped with particulate trap oxidizer systems and
with mileages between 30,000 and 50,000 miles were
tested for particulate (PM) and gaseous exhaust
(HC.CO, C02, and NOx) emissions. Seven out of ten
vehicles had a first-test particulate emission level
lower than a predetermined cutoff point of 0.35 g/mi.
(The California PM certification standard for 1985Tight-
duty diesel vehicles is 0.4 g/mi.) Attempts were made
to regenerate the particulate trap oxidizers on the
three vehicles which exceeded the 0.35 a/mi PM level
and the vehicles were retested. Two of three retested
vehicles passed the PM cutoff level.
Keywords: "Exhaust gases, "Motor vehicles, "Diesel
engines, "Oxidizers. "Air pollution control. Traps,
Tests, Emission, Standards, Carbon monoxide,
Carbon dioxide, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides, Par-
ticulates, Mercedes-Benz vehicles.
PBS8-179320/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Asaasement of Risk Caused by Remedial Actions
Considered for Vertac Chemical Corporation Site,
Jacksonville, Arkansas,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment,
j W. Falco, and J. L. Schaum. Dec 84,40p EPA/600/
fr.88/002
The purpose of the study is to assess the risk caused
by dust emissions associated with proposed remedial
actions considered for the Vertac Chemical Corpora-
tion site in Jacksonville, Arkansas. Much of the site is
contaminated with 2,3,7,8-TCDD as a result of the ma-
terials handling, waste disposal, and other operations
associated with the pesticide production which has oc-
curred at the site since the 1950's. The proposed re-
medial action involves excavation of the contaminated
areas and redisposal in a secure landfill. These actions
would disturb the soil, creating the potential for dust
emissions. The study estimates the possible emission
rates, uses dispersion models to predict resulting off-
site air concentrations, and finally, calculates the expo-
sure/risks caused by these emissions.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Emission, "Risk,
Earth fill, Pesticides, Waste disposal, Exposure, As-
sessments, Industrial wastes, Carcinogens, Dust,
"Solid waste management, "Remedial actions,
Jacksonville(Arkansas), 2,3,7,8-TCDD.
PB88-179338/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of M85-Fueled 1987 Turbo Bulck
Regals. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology and Applications Branch.
D. M. Blair. Dec 87,17p EPA/AA/CTAB-87/07
The report describes emission testing conducted at
the EPA Motor Vehicle Emission Laboratory on two
turbocharged Buick Regals which were converted to
use M-85 fuel (methanol). These vehicles which were
converted to use methanol fuel have the potential to
create a consumer interest in methanol-fueled or flexi-
ble-fueled vehicles due to the increase performance
possible when using methanol fuel in a turbocharged
engine.
Keywords: "Exhaust emissions, "Motor vehicle en-
?ines, Turbomachinery, Engines, Methyl alcohol,
ests, "Methanol fuels.
PB88-179346/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of Coloroll Methanol Oissoclator for
Cold Start Assist Application. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology and Applications Branch.
G. K. Piotrowski. Dec 87,17p EPA/AA/CTAB-87/08
Light-duty M100 neat methanol-fueled engines are dif-
ficult to start and run in cold weather because of the
single boiling point characteristic of the fuel. Gasoline-
fueled engines start with less difficulty under the same
conditions partly because of the easily ignitable light
ends of the fuel such as butanes, which may be vapor-
ized before the cylinder at relatively low temperatures.
Some state-of-the-art methanol engines require the
addition of gasoline to the fuel to improve their starta-
bility. Other methanol engines utilize separate cold
start assist. Some researchers have suggested that a
combination of mechanical approaches may produce
reliable cold starts of a neat methanol-fueled engine at
relatively low ambient conditions. The project evalu-
ates a methanol dissociator supplied by Coloroll, pic,
for use as a cold start assist to a methanol engine. The
dissociator operation, supporting equipment, program
design, test results and conclusions are discussed
Keywords: "Motor vehicle engines, Dissociation,
Methyl alcohol, Fuels, Tests, Temperature, Gas analy-
sis, "Methanol fuels.
PB88-1793S3/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Analysis of Motor Vehicle Fuel Tank-Related
Fires. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
K. Steilen. Feb 88,26p* EPA/AA/SDSB-88/05
The purpose of the report is to analyze the motor vehi-
cle fire data from motor vehicle fuel tanks and to esti-
mate the current risk of fuel tank-related fires. The
report begins with a summary of currently available
data on the annual number of total motor vehicle fires,
post-collision fires, and fuel tank-related fires and the
subsequent associated fatalities, injuries and property
damage with these fires. A discussion of how the data
were analyzed and adjusted to project the number of
fuel tank fires, fatalities, injuries, and property damage
in 1990 and beyond when refueling controls could oe
required is also included.
Keywords: "Fuel tanks, "Fires, "Motor vehicles, "Air
pollution control, Risk, Collision, Damage, Injuries,
Mortality, Refueling.
PB88-179361/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of Toyota LCS-M Carina. Phase 2.
Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology and Applications Branch.
G. K. Piotrowski. Dec 87,46p EPA/AA/CTAB-87/09
The report describes the results from a number of
short programs designed to further define the capabili-
ties of the methanol lean burn system with regard to
pollutant emissions and fuel economy. Testing was
conducted using M100 neat methanol exclusively and
focused on the effects of: (1) an improved version of
the M100 best driveability calibration; (2) the use of a
two-catalyst system; (3) increased inertia weight; (4)
use of higher aspect ratio tires; (5) cold temperatures.
Baseline testing and an air/fuel ratio analysis were
performed.
Keywords: "Air pollution abatement, "Exhaust emis-
sions, "Automotive fuels, "Fuel consumption, Carbin-
ols, Combustion efficiency, Automotive engineering,
"Automobile exhaust, "Methanol fuels, "Fuel econo-
my, Air fuel ratio, Toyota Lean Combustion System.
PB88-179379/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Oibenzofuran.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 87.26p EPA/600/8-88/026
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systemic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer is
not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or subch-
romc reference dose, is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs during a limited time inter-
val. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure level that
would not be expected to cause adverse effects when
exposure occurs for a significant portion of the life-
span. For compounds for which there is sufficient evi-
dence of carcinogenicity, q1 *s have been computed, if
appropriate, based on oral and inhalation data if avail-
able.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and environmental effects
profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable daily intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Dibenzofuran, CAS 132-
64-9.
PB88-179387/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Dichlorobenzenes.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jul 87,58p EPA/600/8-88/028
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systematic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer
is not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or
subchronic reference dose, is an estimate of an expo-
sure level that would not be expected to cause ad-
verse effects when exposure occurs during a limited
time interval. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs for a significant portion of
the lifespan. For compounds for which there is suffi-
cient evidence of carcinogenicity, q1*s have been
computed, if appropriate, based on oral and inhalation
data if available.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Dichlorobenzenes, CAS
95-50-1, CAS 541-73-1, CAS 106-46-7.
PBB8-179395/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Creosote.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jul 87, 27p EPA/600/8-88/025
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systematic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer
is not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or
subchronic reference dose, is an estimate of an expo-
sure level that would not be expected to cause ad-
verse effects when exposure occurs during a limited
time interval. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not ba expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs for a significant portion of
the lifespan. For compounds for which there is suffi-
cient evidence of carcinogenicity, q1*s have been
computed, if appropriate, based on oral and inhalation
data if available.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Creosote, CAS 8021-39-
PB88-179403/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Aldrln.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
May 87, 39p EPA/600/8-88/015
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systemic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer is
1022 Vol. 90, No. 24
not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or subch-
ronic reference dose, is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs during a limited time inter-
val. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure level that
would not be expected to cause adverse effects when
exposure occurs for a significant portion of the life-
span. For compounds for which there is sufficient evi-
dence of carcinogenicity, q1 *s have been computed, if
appropriate, based on oral and inhalation data if avail-
able.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and environmental effects
profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Aldrin, CAS 309-00-2.
PB88-179411/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Acrylonitrile.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jul 87, 45p EPA/600/8-88/014
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systemic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer is
not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or subch-
ronic reference dose, is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs during a limited time inter-
val. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure level that
would not be expected to cause adverse effects when
exposure occurs for a significant portion of the life-
span. For compounds for which there is sufficient evi-
dence of carcinogenicity, q1 *s have been computed, if
appropriate, based on oral and inhalation data if avail-
able.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Acrylonitrile, CAS 107-
13-1.
PB88-179429/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment ror Aluminum.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 87,40p EPA/600/8-88/016
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systemic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer is
not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or subch-
ronic reference dose, is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs during a limited time inter-
val. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure level that
would not be expected to cause adverse effects when
exposure occurs for a significant portion of the life-
span. For compounds for which there is sufficient evi-
dence of carcinogenicity, q1 *s have been computed, if
appropriate, based on oral and inhalation data if avail-
able.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Aluminum, CAS 7429-90-
5.
PB88-179437/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Ammonia.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 87,52p EPA/600/8-88/017
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimate
ed for systemic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer is
not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or subch-
ronic reference dose, is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs during a limited time inter-
val. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure level that
would not be expected to cause adverse effects wherr
exposure occurs for a significant portion of the life-
span. For compounds for which there is sufficient evi-
dence of carcinogenicity, q1 *s have been computed, if
appropriate, based on oral and inhalation data if avail-
able.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Ammonia.
PB88-179445/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Antimony and
Compounds.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 87, 46p EPA/600/8-88/018
See also PBB6-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systemic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer is
not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or subch-
ronic reference dose, is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs during a limited time inter-
val. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure level that
would not be expected to cause adverse effects when
exposure level that would not be expected to cause
adverse effects when exposure occurs for a significant
portion of the lifespan. For compounds for which there
is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity, qi*s have
been computed, if appropriate, based on oral and inha.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis. Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Antimony, CAS 7440-36-
0, CAS 1314-60-9, CAS 1332-81-6, CAS 1309-64-4,
CAS 1345-04-6.
PB88-179452/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Benzidine.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
May 87,46p EPA/600/8-88/019
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systemic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer is
not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or subch-
ronic reference dose, is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs during a limited time inter-
val. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure level that
would not be expected to cause adverse effects when
exposure occurs for a significant portion of the life-
span. For compounds for which there is sufficient evi-
dence of carcinogenicity, q1 *s have been computed, if
appropriate, based on oral and inhalation data if avail-
able.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles. "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Benzidine, CAS 92-87-5.
PB88-179460/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Beryllium and
Compounds.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jul 87,69p EPA/600/8-88/020
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systemic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer is
not the endpoint of concern). The first RfDS or subch-
ronic reference dose, is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs during a limited time inter-
val. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure level that
would not be expected to cause adverse effects when
exposure occurs for a significant portion of the life-
span. For compounds for which there is sufficient evi-
dence of carcinogenicity, q1 *s have been computed, if
appropriate, based on oral and inhalation data if avail-
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Beryllium, CAS 7440-41-
7, CAS 7787-47-5, CAS 7787-49-7, CAS 7787-55-5,
CAS 1304-56-9, CAS 7787-56-6.
PB88-179478/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Bromomethane.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 87,34p EPA/600/8-88/022
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systematic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer
is not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or
subchronic reference dose, is an estimate of an expo-
sure level that would not be expected to cause ad-
verse effects when exposure occurs during a limited
time interval. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs for a significant portion of
the lifespan. For compounds for which there is suffi-
cient evidence of carcinogenicity, q1*s have been
computed, if appropriate, based on oral and inhalation
data if available.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Bromomethane, CAS 74-
83-9.
PB88-179486/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Bis(2-
Chloroethyl)Ether.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
May 87, 28p EPA/600/8-88/023
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systematic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer
is not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or
subchronic reference dose, is an estimate of an expo-
sure level that would not be expected to cause ad-
verse effects when exposure occurs during a limited
time interval. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs for a significant portion of
the lifespan. For compounds for which there is suffi-
cient evidence of carcinogenicity, q1*s have been
computed, if appropriate, based on oral and inhalation
data if available.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, *Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether,
CAS 111-44-4.
PB88-179494/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Acrolein.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jul 87, 37p EPA/600/8-88/013
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systematic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer
is not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or
subchronic reference dose, is an estimate of an expo-
sure level that would not be expected to cause ad-
verse effects when exposure occurs during a limited
time interval. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs for a significant portion of
the lifespan. For compounds for which there is suffi-
cient evidence of carcinogenicity, q1*s have been
computed, if appropriate, based on oral and inhalation
data if available.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Acrolein, CAS 107-02-8.
PB88-179502/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Acetonltrlle.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 87, 39p EPA/600/8-88/012
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systemic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer is
not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or subch-
ronic reference dose, is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs during a limited time inter-
val. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure level that
would not be expected to cause adverse effects when
exposure occurs for a significant portion of the life-
span. For compounds for which there is sufficient evi-
dence of carcinogenicity, q1 's have been computed, if
appropriate, based on oral and inhalation data if avail-
able.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Acetonitrile, CAS 75-05-
8.
PB88-179510/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Acenaphthylene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
May 87,24p EPA/600/8-88/011
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systemic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer is
not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or subch-
ronic reference dose, is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs during a limited time inter-
val. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure level that
would not be expected to cause adverse effects when
exposure occurs for a significant portion of the life-
span. For compounds for which there is sufficient evi-
dence of carcinogenicity, q1 *s have been computed, if
appropriate, based on oral and inhalation data if avail-
able.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Acenaphthylene, CAS
208-96-8.
PB88-179528/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for n-Pentane.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jul 87, 22p EPA/600/8-88/048
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systematic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer
is not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or
subchronic reference dose, is an estimate of an expo-
sure level that would not be expected to cause ad-
verse effects when exposure occurs during a limited
time interval. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs for a significant portion of
the lifespan. For compounds for which there is suffi-
cient evidence of carcinogenicity, q1 *s have been
computed, if appropriate, based on oral and inhalation
data if available.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Pentane, CAS 109-66-0.
PB88-179643/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 144: Oxydemeton-
Methyl.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Oct 87,10p EPA/540/FS-88/039
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
1024 Vol. 90, No. 24
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Regulations, Chemical Infor-
mation Fact Sheet, Use patterns, Science findings,
'Oxydemeton methyl, CAS 301-12-2.
PB88-179650/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 145: Fenvalerate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
11 Sep 87, 9p EPA/540/FS-88/040
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Regulations, Chemical Infor-
mation Fact Sheet, Use patterns, Science findings,
'Fenvalerate, *CAS 51630-58-1.
PB88-17966B/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 146: Bromine Chlo-
ride.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
6 Oct 87,6p EPA/540/FS-88/041
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Regulations, Chemical Infor-
mation Fact Sheet, Use patterns, Science findings,
'Bromine chloride, CAS 13863-41 -7.
PB88-179874/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Recommendations for and Documentation of Bio-
logical Values for Use in Risk Assessment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Feb 88,351 p* EPA/600/6-87/008
The document was prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Crite-
ria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. The
document consists of an extensive compilation of
values gleaned from published literature sources for
lifespan, body weight, food consumption, water con-
sumption and inhalation volumes for a wide range of
predominately mammalian species. Synthesis of the
information to provide recommendations concerning
parameters for conversion of exposure data (drinking
water, food and air concentration) from mammalian
toxicological studies to dose estimates in units of milli-
grams/kilogram body weight/day is provided.
Keywords: Recommendations, Documentation, Expo-
sure, Dosage, 'Biological values, 'Risk assessment.
PB88-179908/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Mlrex.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Aug 87,49p EPA/600/8-88/046
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systematic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer
is not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or
subchronic reference dose, is an estimate of an expo-
sure level that would not be expected to cause ad-
verse effects when exposure occurs during a limited
time interval. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs for a significant portion of
the lifespan. For compounds for which there is suffi-
cient evidence of carcinogenicity, q1*s have been
computed, if appropriate, based on oral and inhalation
data if available.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Mirex, CAS 2385-85-5
PB88-179916/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Isophorone.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
May 87, 31 p EPA/600/8-88/044
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systematic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer
is not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or
subchronic reference dose, is an estimate of an expo-
sure level that would not be expected to cause ad-
verse effects when exposure occurs during a limited
time interval. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs for a significant portion of
the lifespan. For compounds for which there is suffi-
cient evidence of carcinogenicity, q1*s have been
computed, if appropriate, based on oral and inhalation
data if available.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Isophorone, CAS 78-59-
PB88-179924/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Methyl Isobutyl
Ketone.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Apr 87, 34p EPA/600/8-88/045
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele.
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systematic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer
is not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or
subchronic reference dose, is an estimate of an expo-
sure level that would not be expected to cause ad-
verse effects when exposure occurs during a limited
time interval. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs for a significant portion of
the lifespan. For compounds for which there is suffi-
cient evidence of carcinogenicity, q1*s have been
computed, if appropriate, based on oral and inhalation
data if available.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Methyl isobutyl ketone,
CAS 108-10-1.
PB88-179932/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Chloromethane.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Feb 87,40p EPA/600/8-88/024
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systemic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer is
not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or subch-
ronic reference dose, is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs during a limited time inter-
val. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure level that
would not be expected to cause adverse effects when
exposure occurs for a significant portion of the life-
span. For compounds for which there is sufficient evi-
dence of carcinogenicity, q1 *s have been computed, If
appropriate, based on oral and inhalation data if avail-
able.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and environmental effects
profiles. "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable daily intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Chloromethane, CAS 74-
87-3.
PB88-179940/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for 1,2-Dlchloropro-
fnvironmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 87, 31 p EPA/600/8-88/029
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
128fM for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systemic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer is
not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or subch-
ronic reference dose, is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs during a limited time inter-
val. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure level that
would not be expected to cause adverse effects when
exposure occurs for a significant portion of the life-
span. For compounds for which there is sufficient evi-
dence of carcinogenicity, q1 *s have been computed, if
appropriate, based on oral and inhalation data if avail-
able.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and environmental effects
profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable daily intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Dichloropropane, CAS
78-87-5.
PB88-1799S7/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Dieldrin.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Aug 87, 52p EPA/600/8-88/030
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systemic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer is
not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or subch-
ronic reference dose, is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs during a limited time inter-
val. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure level that
would not be expected to cause adverse effects when
exposure occurs for a significant portion of the life-
span. For compounds for which there is sufficient evi-
dence of carcinogenicity, ql *s have been computed, if
appropriate, based on oral and inhalation data if avail-
able.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and environmental effects
profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable daily intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Dieldrin, CAS60-57-1.
PB88-179965/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effect* Assessment for Dlmethylphenols.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
May 87,30p EPA/600/8-88/031
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systematic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer
is not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or
subchronic reference dose, is an estimate of an expo-
sure level that would not be expected to cause ad-
verse effects when exposure occurs during a limited
time interval. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs for a significant portion of
the lifespan. For compounds for which there is suffi-
cient evidence of carcinogenicity, q1*s have been
computed, if appropriate, based on oral and inhalation
data if available.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Dimethylphenols, CAS
526-75-0, CAS 105-67-9, CAS 95-87-4, CAS 576-26-1,
CAS 95-65-1, CAS 108-68-9.
PB88-179973/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 147: Amitraz.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Oct 87,7p EPA/540/F-S-88/042
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Regulations, Chemical Infor-
mation Fact Sheet, Use patterns, Science findings,
"Amitraz, CAS 33089-61-1.
PB88-179981/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 134: Dlchlorvos
(DDVP).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Oct 87,13p EPA/540/FS-88/043
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Regulations, Chemical Infor-
mation Fact Sheet, "Use patterns, Science findings.
PB88-179999/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 140: Acephate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Oct 87,12p EPA/540/FS-88/044
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Regulations, Chemical Infor-
mation Fact Sheet, Use patterns, Science findings,
"Acephate, CAS 30580-19-1.
PB88-160005/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 142: Fenitrothlon.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Jul 87,8p EPA/540/FS-88/045
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Regulations, Chemical Infor-
mation Fact Sheet, Use patterns. Science findings,
'Fenitrothion, CAS 122-14-5.
PB88-180013/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 143: Trlbutyltin.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1 Oct 87, 10p EPA/540/FS-88/046
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Regulations, Chemical Infor-
mation Fact Sheet, Use patterns, Science findings,
'Tributyltin, CAS 7437-35-6, CAS 12379-54-3, CAS
56-35-9, CAS 4804-30-4.
PB88-180021/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Air Quality Modeling Analysis of Industrial Point
Sources In Everett, Washington. Final rept. Jun 87-
Mar 88,
TRC Environmental Consultants, Inc., Mountainlake
Terrace, WA.
E. B. Hansen, and K. D. Winges. 2 Mar 88, 43p EPA/
910/9-87/175
Contract EPA-68-02-3886
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seat-
tle, WA. Region X.
The maximum allowable emissions from operating per-
mits for Scott Paper Company and Weyerhaeuser
Company pulp and paper mills in Everett, Washington
were obtained from Washington Department of Ecolo-
gy. A 5-year sequential meteorological data base was
prepared using wind data from the Puget Sound Air
Pollution Control Agency monitoring station in Everett,
surface observations from Sea-Tac Airport, and upper
air data from Quillayute, Washington. The mill's emis-
sions of sulfur dioxide and particulate matter were
modeled using the most recent versions of COM-
PLEX1, SHORTZ, and ISCST to determine: (1) if the
existing monitoring site was located such that maxi-
mum concentrations are measured; and (2) if existing
permit limits on emissions were sufficient to ensure
compliance with State and Federal ambient air quality
standards.
Keywords: 'Emissions, Computer applications, Mathe-
matical models, Dispersions, Monitoring, Air pollution,
Industries, Paper mills, Meteorological data, 'Air qual-
ity, Point sources, EPA region 10,
Everett(Washington).
PB88-180039/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Development and Testing of the CBM-IV (Carbon-
Bond Mechanism) for Urban and Regional Model-
ing. Final rept. Jul 85-Jun 87,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
M. W. Gery, G. Z. Whitten, and J. P. Killus. Mar 88,
431p EPA/600/3-88/012
Contract EPA-68-02-4136
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Acjency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
The development and testing of an updated Carbon
Bond Mechanism (CBM) is described. The new mech-
anism called CBM-IV, was designed for use in EPA's
OZIPM-E KM A model. The mechanism, however, is
also suitable for use in large air quality simulation
models such as the Urban Airshed Model and EPA's
Regional Oxidant Model. The mechanism differs from
earlier versions of the CBM in that the chemistry of ar-
omatic hydrocarbons has been significantly altered to
account for the sensitivity of ozone formation to the or-
ganic-to-NOx ratio. A new condensed chemistry for
isoprene has also been incorporated into the mecha-
nism. The CBM-IV was tested against 200 smog cham-
ber runs that were conducted in outdoor and indoor
smog chamber facilities. The mechanism was found to
yield good agreement to the experimental data for a
wide variety of organic systems over a wide range of
organic-to-NOx ratios.
Keywords: 'Photochemical reactions, 'Kinetics, Simu-
lation, Models, Methodology. Condensing, Evaluation.
Photolysis, Tables(Data), Carbon Bond
Mechanism(CBM), Air quality.
PB88-180062/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Evaluation and Assessment of UNAMAP (User's
Network for Applied Modeling of Air Pollution).
Rept. for Jul 86-Nov 87,
Battelle Columbus Div., Washington, DC.
R. E. Baumann, and R. K. Dehart. Mar 88,237p* EPA/
600/3-88/009
Contract EPA-68-02-4189
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
The Evaluation and Assessment of UNAMAP is a
study to determine how best to improve the usefulness
and availability of the UNAMAP air pollution dispersion
models. The report describes a plan for implementing
a series of recommended improvements to the
UNAMAP program. It also describes the earlier parts
of the study upon which the plan is based. The study
consisted of a technology assessment followed by
data collection and analysis which were used to devel-
op the strategy and the specific improvements con-
tained in the plan. The overview includes a summary of
the data collected during the study, and the conclu-
sion, drawn from analysis of that data. The analysis in-
dicates that improvements to UNAMAP are needed in
the areas of: (1) model accuracy; (2) model documen-
tation; (3) user support; (4) data collection; (5) data
input; and, (6) computer compatibility. The report de-
scribes a plan which is based on a strategy that is con-
sistent with the longterm objectives for UNAMAP. The
report contains a strategic framework for improving
UNAMAP. The strategic framework guides the imple-
mentation and strikes a balance between the goals of
advancing dispersion modeling research and transfer-
ring technology to the public. Included in the plan is a
set of ten specific recommended improvements which
are described and broken into specific tasks. Esti-
mates of time and cost required to implement each im-
provement are given at the task level. Finally, the rec-
ommended improvements are grouped into three
phases. A schedule is presented at the task level for
the five recommended improvements in Phase 1.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, 'At-
mospheric diffusion, Algorithms, Evaluation, Assess-
ment, 'UNAMAP models, 'Air quality, UNIVAC-1100
computers, UNIVA-1100/82 computers.
PB88-180070/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Basis for Primary Air Quality Criteria and Stand-
ards. Symposium paper,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
L. D. Grant, and B. C. Jordan. Mar 88,27p* EPA/600/
D-88/045
The Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office
and the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
are charged with responsibility for reviewing and as-
sessing air quality criteria and air quality standards, re-
spectively. Since adoption of the 1977 Clean Air Act
Amendments, the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency has published criteria documents for all of the
criteria pollutants and completed action on hydrocar-
bons, lead, and ozone standards. Currently ozone and
lead documents are again under review, while propos-
als for carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and particu-
late matter ambient standards have been published.
The paper summarizes both the basis for existing
health criteria and standards and the status of current
agency review of the criteria and standards.
Keywords: Criteria, Standards, 'Air quality, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards.
PB88-180088/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Toxlcological Effects Associated with Drinking
Water Disinfectants and Their By-Products,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
L. W. Condie. Mar 88,26p EPA/600/D-88/043
The Toxicology and Microbiology Division of the
Health Effects Research Laboratory (TMD-HERL) of
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
been conducting and sponsoring toxicology research
to evaluate the possible adverse health effects of the
various disinfectants and their by-products. The article
reviews research that has been conducted by the EPA
and outside investigators with chlorine dioxide and
chlorine and with their reaction by-products. The em-
phasis of the article will be placed on research results
that have become available in the past few years.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Disinfectants, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Chlorine, Exposure, Toxicity, Carcinogens, Water
treatment. Water supply, Public health, Research, Re-
prints, Health risks, Chlorine dioxide, Toxic sub-
stances.
PB88-180096/HSU	PC A03/MF AOI
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Inactivation of Hepatitis A Virus and Model Vi-
ruses In Water by Free Chlorine and Monochlora-
mlne,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
M. D. Sobsey, T. Fuji, and P. A. Shields. Mar 88,11 d*
EPA/600/D-88/042
Grant EPA-R-813024
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The kinetics and extent of inactivation of hepatitis A
virus (HAV) as well as three other viruses, coxsackie-
virus B5 (CB5) and coliphages MS2 and X174, by 0.5
mg/l free chlorine, pH 6-10, and 10 mg/1 monochlora-
mine, pH8, in 0.01 M phosphate buffer were deter-
mined. These results indicate that HAV is inactivated
relatively rapidly by free chlorine but relatively slowly
by monochloramine. Coliphage MS2 is a reasonable
model to predict reactivation of HAV by free chlorine
and inactivation of HAV and CB5 by monochloramine.
It is poor model for predicting free chlorine inactivation
of CB5 and perhaps some other human enteric vi-
ruses.
Keywords: 'Infectious hepatitis virus, 'Chlorine,
Water, Coxsackie viruses, Hepatitis viruses, Enterovir-
uses, Coliphage, Disinfection, Microorganism
control(Water), Potable water, Water treatment, 'Hep-
atitis A virus.
PB88-180112/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Control of Volatile Organic Contaminants In
Groundwater by In-Well Aeration. Final reot Feh
82-Feb 86,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. J. Miltner, J. A. Coyle, and H. J. Borchers. Mar 88
122p EPA/600/2-88/020
Prepared in cooperation with North Penn Water Au-
thority, Lansdale, PA.
At a 0.1 mgd well contaminated with several volatile
organic compounds (VOCs), principally trichloroethy-
lene (TCE), several in-well aeration schemes were
evaluated as control technologies. The well was
logged by the USGS to define possible zones of VOC
entry. A straddle packer and pump apparatus were uti-
lized to isolate those zones and define their yield and
level of VOC concentration. The technical literature to-
gether with this knowledge of the well were used to
design an air lift pump. Operation of the air lift pumn
confirmed literature prediction of its low wire-to-water
efficiency. Removal of TCE did not exceed 65 percent
Mass transfer occurred in the pump's eductor. Air lift
pumping coupled with in-well diffused aeration in
creased TCE removal to 78 percent. When in-well dif"
fused aeration was used with an electric submersible
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
pump, TCE removal averaged 83 percent. In the latter
two schemes, mass transfer occurred utilizing the well
as a countercurrent stripper. These technologies are
limited by the volume of air that can be transferred to
the well (air-to-water ratios below 12:1) and the cost of
compressing air under high head. Thus, these technol-
ogies are not cost-effective compared to packed tower
aeration. They are, however, quickly put on-line, easy
to operate, and can serve as good short-term reme-
dies while above-ground technologies are under
design and construction.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, "Ground water,
'Aeration, Organic compounds, Contaminants, Well
logging, Pumping, Water treatment, Volatile organic
compounds, Ethlene/trichloro.
PB88-180120/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Operation and Maintenance Manual for Fabric Fil-
ters.
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Jun 86,238p EPA/625/1 -86/020
Contract EPA-68-02-3919
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The manual presents a general description of fabric
filter types and examines their applicability to varying
?as stream conditions and particulate characteristics,
he manual discusses the use of performance moni-
toring and other information to evaluate equipment
performance, diagnose real or impending problems,
and troubleshoot problem and malfunction causes.
Tracking procedures and trends analysis methods that
can be used to assess current or impending deteriora-
tion in performance are also discussed. Problem diag-
nosis and potential corrective measures are described.
Guidelines are presented for general operation and
maintenance practices and procedures for use in im-
proving and sustaining fabric filter performance and re-
liability. The manual presents methods and procedures
for detailed inspections of fabric filter systems and
their components. It provides step-by-step procedures
and techniques for conducting external and internal in-
spections at both large and small fabric filter installa-
tions. Inspection during the pre-operational construc-
tion phase and the performance demonstration (base-
lining) period are also addressed.
Keywords: * Air filters, * Air pollution control equipment,
•Manuals, Maintenance, Preventive maintenance,
Performance tests, Inspection, Problem solving, Qual-
ity control, 'Fabric filters.
PB88-180138/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Precision and Accuracy Assessments for State
and Local Air Monitoring Networks, 1986. Annual
rept.,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
r C. Rhodes, and E. G. Evans. Jan 88,90p EPA/600/
4-88/007
See also PB87-145447.
Precision and accuracy data obtained from State and
local agencies during 1986 are summarized and evalu-
ated. Some comparisons are made with the results re-
ported for prior years to determine any trends. Some
trends indicated continued improvement in the com-
?leteness of reporting precision and accuracy data,
he national summaries indicate a further improve-
ment in the precision and accuracy assessments of
the pollutant monitoring data collected. The annual re-
sults from each reporting organization are given so
that comparisons may be made from year to year.
Keywords: 'Monitoring, 'Atmospheric composition,
•Air pollution, State government, Local government,
Accuracy. Evaluation, Comparison, Regional planning,
Trends, Networks.
PS88-180211/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for 1,2-Dlphenylhydra-
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Mav 87, 28p EPA/600/8-88/033
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systematic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer
is not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or
subchronic reference dose, is an estimate of an expo-
sure level that would not be expected to cause ad-
verse effects when exposure occurs during a limited
time interval. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs for a significant portion of
the lifespan. For compounds for which there is suffi-
cient evidence of carcinogenicity, q1 *s have been
computed, if appropriate, based on oral and inhalation
data if available.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Diphenylhydrazine, CAS
122-66-7.
PB88-180229/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Alpha- and Beta-
Endosulfan.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
May 87,39p EPA/600/8-88/034
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systematic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer
is not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or
subchronic reference dose, is an estimate of an expo-
sure level that would not be expected to cause ad-
verse effects when exposure occurs during a limited
time interval. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs for a significant portion of
the lifespan. For compounds for wnich there is suffi-
cient evidence of carcinogenicity, q1*s have been
computed, if appropriate, based on oral and inhalation
data if available.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Endosulfan, CAS 959-
98-8, CAS 33213-65-4.
PB88-180237/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Endrin.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jul 87,43p EPA/600/8-88/035
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systematic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer
is not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or
subchronic reference dose, is an estimate of an expo-
sure level that would not be expected to cause ad-
verse effects when exposure occurs during a limited
time interval. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs for a significant portion of
the lifespan. For compounds for wnich there is suffi-
cient evidence of carcinogenicity, q1 *s have been
computed, if appropriate, based on oral and inhalation
data if available.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Endrin, CAS 72-20-8.
PB88-180245/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Ethylene Dlbro-
mlde.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Oct 87, 54p EPA/600/8-88/037
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systematic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer
is not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or
subchronic reference dose, is an estimate of an expo-
sure level that would not be expected to cause ad-
verse effects when exposure occurs during a limited
time interval. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs for a significant portion of
the lifespan. For compounds for which there is suffi-
cient evidence of carcinogenicity, q1*s have been
computed, if appropriate, based on oral and inhalation
data if available.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Ethylene dibromide, CAS
106-93-4.
PB88-180252/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Ethylene Glycol.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jul 87,44p EPA/600/8-88/038
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systematic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer
is not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or
subchronic reference dose, is an estimate of an expo-
sure level that would not be expected to cause ad-
verse effects when exposure occurs during a limited
time interval. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs for a significant portion of
the lifespan. For compounds for which there is suffi-
cient evidence of carcinogenicity, q1"s have been
computed, if appropriate, based on oral and inhalation
data if available.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Ethylene glycol, CAS
107-21-1.
PB88-180260/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment tor Ethyl Ether.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
May 87,31 p EPA/600/8-88/039
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systematic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer
is not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or
subchronic reference dose, is an estimate of an expo-
sure level that would not be expected to cause ad-
verse effects when exposure occurs during a limited
time interval. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs for a significant portion of
the lifespan. For compounds for which there is suffi-
cient evidence of carcinogenicity, q1*s have been
computed, if appropriate, based on oral and inhalation
data if available.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Ethyl ether, CAS 60-29-
7.
SSf2hl?.ll8./H.SU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Heptachlor.
environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 87, 47p EPA/600/8-88/042
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systematic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer
is not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or
subchronic reference dose, is an estimate of an expo-
sure level that would not be expected to cause ad-
verse effects when exposure occurs during a limited
time interval. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs for a significant portion of
the lifespan. For compounds for which there is suffi-
cient evidence of carcinogenicity, q1"s have been
computed, if appropriate, based on oral and inhalation
data if available.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Heptachlor, CAS 76-44-
8.
PB88-180310/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Importance of Hydrogen Ions and Aluminium In
Regulating the Structure and Function of Steam
Ecosystems: An Experimental Test. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
R. J. Hall, C. T. Driscoll, and G. E. Likens. C1987,29p
EPA/600/J-87/264
Pub. in Freshwater Biology 18, p17-43 Aug 87. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Ontario Ministry of the Envi-
ronment, Dorchester. Dorset Research Center, and
Syracuse Univ., NY. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
Experiments simulating spring acidic snowmelt epi-
sodes were conducted to determine the effects of
short-term inputs of H + and Al on the chemistry and
biology of a poorly buffered mountain stream. HCI and
AICI3 were added in separate experiments to first- to
third-order reaches of a New Hampshire stream. Some
aspects of the study addressed cation exchange, foam
production at the water surface, total phosphorus
measurements, drift of mayfly nymphs, blackfly and
chironomid larvae and stream pH. (Copyright (c)
Freshwater Biology 18:17-43, August 1987.)
Keywords: "Stream pollution, Protons, Aluminum, pH,
Cation exchanging, Foaming, Phosphorus, Diptera,
Larvae, Snowmelt, Reprints, "Foreign technology,
"Acid deposition, "Aquatic ecosystems, Acid rain.
PB88-180328/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Large Lake Models - Uses, Abuses, and Future.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
W. C. Sonzogni, R. P. Canale, D. C. L. Lam, W. Lick,
and D. Mackay. C1987,12p EPA/600/J-87/274
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research, v13 n3 p387-
396. Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Univ.-
Madison, and International Joint Commission-United
States and Canada, Windsor (Ontario). Great Lakes
Science Advisory Board.
Mathematical modeling has played and should contin-
ue to play an important role in Great Lakes manage-
ment and scientific development. Great Lakes model-
ing is entering a phase of relative maturity in which ex-
pectations are more realistic than in the past. For ex-
ample, it is now realized that the modeling process
itself is valuable even if the resulting models are not
immediately useful for management. The major pur-
pose in the past has been water quality (eutrophica-
tion) modeling, but there has been a recent shift
toward developing toxic substances models. Among
the Great Lakes modeling activities likely to have the
greatest payoff in the near future are (1) the develop-
ment and refinement of toxic substances models, (2)
post-auditing and improvement of eutrophication
models, and (3) the adaption of models for use on per-
sonal computers to allow greater model utilization.
Keywords: "Mathematical models, "Water pollution,
"Great Lakes, Management, Toxicity, Availability, Im-
provement, Computers, Stochastic processes, Proba-
bility theory, Auditing, Reprints, 'Eutrophication, Or-
ganic loading.
PB88-180344/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Degratlon of Selected Halogenated Ethanes In
Anoxic Sediment-Water Systems. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
C. T. Jafvert, and N. L. Wolfe. 1987,13p EPA/600/J-
87/273
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v6
n11 p827-837 Nov 87.
The degradation of selected halogenated ethanes was
studied in anoxic sediment-water suspensions at 1 to
20% sediment concentrations. Batch kinetic experi-
ments were used to quantify decay. Eh measurements
of all suspensions were below -100mV (vs SHE), indi-
cating reduced environmental conditions. Hexachloro-
ethane (HCA), 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (TTCA), 1,2-
diiodoethane (DIA) and 1,2-dibromoethane (DBA)
were degraded within minutes to days, but 1,2-dichlor-
oethane (DCA) remained in the system through 35 d,
at which point the study was ended. The major route of
transformation of these compounds in the system was
vicinal dehalogenation. Rates of disappearance fol-
lowed pseudo-first-order kinetics at low reactant con-
centrations and high sediment concentration.
Keywords: Reprints, "Ethanes. Degradation, "Haloge-
nated ethanes, "Anoxic sediment water.
PB88-180351/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Aeration Equipment Evaluation. Phase 1. Clean
Water Test Results. Final rept. 15 Feb 78-16 Mar 79,
Los Angeles County Sanitation District, CA.
F. W. Yunt, and T. 0. Hancuff Mar 88, 203p EPA/600/
2-88/022
Contract DI-14-12-150
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The research project was initiated with the principle
objective of evaluating the oxygen transfer perfo-
mance of various generic aeration systems used in ac-
tivated sludge wastewater treatment. A secondary ob-
jective of the project was to evaluate various oxygen
transfer data analysis methods in current use. Results
of the work indicated that, of the systems tested, fine
bubble diffusion equipment transferred oxygen most
efficiently in clean water. Results also indicated that, in
clean water, jet aeration equipment transfers oxygen
more efficiently than do coarse bubble aeration sys-
tems. However, because the value of wastewater cor-
rection factors (alpha and beta) are dependent on the
type of aerator tested, the relative performance of the
aerators to one another in wastewater may be differ-
ent.
Keywords: "Aerators, Equipment, Tests, Air flow,
Water pollution control, Oxygen transport mecha-
nisms, Flowmeters, Dissolved gases, Oxygen, 'Waste
water treatment.
PB88-180369/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effects of Hardness, Alkalinity and pH on the Tox-
icity of Pentachlorophenol to 'Selenastrum Capri-
cornutum' (Prlntz). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
P. D. Smith, D. L. Brockway, and F. E. Stanch. 1987
12p EPA/600/J-87/272
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry v6
n11 p891-900 Nov 87.
The toxicity of pentachlorophenol (PCP) to Selenas-
trum capricornutum was examined in three different
culture media: a hard and a soft form of Freeman's ref-
erence water and the algal assay bottle test(AABT)
medium (a soft water). Tne 96-h growth potentiate of
the media were equal (28-29 mg/L dry wt.) but 96-h
EC50s ranged sevenfold: 0.11 mg/L (AABT), 0.15 mo/
L (Freeman's soft water) and 0.76 mg/L (Freemaivs
hard water). Culture media equilibrium pH and 96-h
EC50s were strongly correlated (r=1.00). Evidence is
presented that supports the hypothesis that the toxici-
ty of PCP, a weak acid, is due primarily to the concen-
tration of the undissociated species.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Culture media, Alkalinity, dH
Reprints, Selenastrum capricornutum, PCP, 'Pentach-
lorophenol.
PB88-180377/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH
Water Engineering Research Lab.	'
Mlcroblaliy Mediated Growth Suppression m
Death of Salmonella In Composted Sewaa*
Sludge. Journal article,
Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD. SoH-Mi-
crobial System Lab.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
P. D. Millner, K. E. Powers, N. K. Enkiri, and W. D.
Burge. C1987,13p EPA/600/J-87/263
Pub. in Microbial Ecology 14, p255-265 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Maryland Environmental
Service, Beltsville. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
The role of compost microflora in the suppression of
salmonella regrowth in composted sewage sludge was
investigated. Microbial inhibition studies of salmonella
growth were conducted on nutrient agar, in composts
that had been subjected to different temperatures in
compost piles, and in radiation sterilized composts in-
oculated with selected fractions of the compost micro-
flora. Agar assays of inhibition indicated that bacteria
and actinomycetes were not suppressive to salmonel-
lae, but a few fungi were. However, compost inocula-
tion assays showed consistently that fungi were not
suppressive, but bacteria and actinomycetes were. In
compost inoculation assays, microbial antagonists,
when present, either killed salmonellae or reduced
their growth rate. Prior colonization of compost with
only nonconform gram-negative bacteria suppressed
salmonellae growth 3,000-told. Conforms when inocu-
lated prior to salmonellae accounted for 75% of sal-
monella die-off. Mesophilic curing to allow colonization
of curing piles in their entirety by gram-negative bacte-
ria, especially conforms, should be an effective way to
prevent repopulation by salmonellae. (Copyright (c)
Springer-Verlag New York Inc. 1987.)
Keywords: 'Salmonella, Composts, Sludge, Waste
water, Water treatment, Microorganisms, Bacteria,
Fungi, Reprints, 'Sewage sludge, Microbes.
PB88-180385/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Salmonella Regrowth in Compost as Influenced
by Substrate (Salmonella Regrowth In Compost).
Journal article,
Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD. Soil-Mi-
crobial System Lab.
W. D. Burge, N. K. Enkiri, and D. Hussong. c1987,13p
EPA/600/J-87/262
Pub. in Microbial Ecology 14, p243-253 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Maryland Environmental
Service, Annapolis. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
Composting can eliminate pathogenic organisms, in-
cluding salmonellae, from sewage sludge. However, if
salmonellae are present in the compost at undetecta-
ble levels or are inoculated into the compost by infect-
ed animals or from other sources, they may regrow
presenting a health hazard for certain uses of com-
post. In the study, the authors examined dilute mineral-
salt extracts of three composts from widely separate
composting sites in the United States and found that
they supported growth of Salmonella typhimurium.
From kinetic studies of the growth of the organism on
these extracts, the authors concluded that each com-
post produced on extraction a single water-soluble
substrate and that the substrates from the different
composts were very similar, if not identical.
Keywords: 'Salmonella, 'Growth, 'Composts, Sludge,
Public health, Hazards, Substrates, Inoculation, Ani-
mals, Disease vectors, Reprints, 'Salmonella typhi-
murium, Sewage sludge.
PB88-180393/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Removal of Volatile Aliphatic Hydrocarbons In a
Soil Bioreactor. Journal article,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
D H Kampbell, J. T. Wilson, H. W. Read, and T. T.
Stocksdale. C1987, 7p EPA/600/J-87/261
Pub. in International Jnl. of Air Pollution Control and
Hazardous Waste Management, v37 n10 p1236-1240
Oct 87. Prepared in cooperation with Johnson (S C.)
and Son, Inc., Racine, Wl.
Soil removal of propane, isobutane and n-butane from
a waste air stream was evaluated in the laboratory and
in a prototype soil bioreactor. Laboratory investiga-
tions indicated first-order kinetics and the potential to
degrade light aliphatic hydrocarbons and trichlorethy-
lene, a compound ordinarily resistant to aerobic biolog-
ical treatment. The predicted behavior of the bioreac-
tor based on laboratory studies, agreed closely with
the actual behavior of the field system. The prototype
bioreactor reduced the hydrocarbon concentrations in
the air by at least 90 percent with a residence time of
15 minutes and a pressure drop of 85 cm of water. The
bioreactor functioned well through a range of tempera-
tures, 12C to 24C. (Copyright (c) 1987 APCA.)
Keywords: 'Soils, 'Air pollution control, Biodeteriora-
tion, Hydrocarbons, Vapors, Emissions, Organic com-
pounds, Prototypes. Propane, Reprints, 'Bioreactors,
Air quality.
PB88-180419/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Water Resources Data, Georgia, Water Year 1986.
Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 85-30 Sep 86,
Geological Survey, Doraville, GA. Water Resources
Div.
W. R. Stokes, T. W. Hale, and G. R. Buell. Nov 87,
459p USGS/WRD/HD-88/207, USGS/WDR/GA-86/
1
See also report for 1985, PB87-172300.
Water resources data for the 1986 water year for
Georgia consists of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes
and reservoirs; ground-water levels; and precipitation
quality. The report contains discharge records of 107
gaging stations; stage for 13 gaging stations; stage
and contents for 18 lakes and reservoirs; water quality
for 111 continuing-record stations; peak stage and dis-
charge only for 119 crest-stage partial-record stations
and 30 miscellaneous sites; base-flow discharge
measurements at 236 miscellaneous sites; water
levels of 26 observation wells and water quality for 4
precipitation-quality sites.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, "Georgia,
Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Streams,
Reservoirs, Water table, 'Water quality data, 'Hydro-
logic data, Water levels, Discharge(Water).
PB88-180443/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ni-
troanilines.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Mar 85,49p EPA/600/X-85/115
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for ni-
troanilines was prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response to support
listings of hazardous constituents of a wide range of
waste streams under Section 3001 of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to pro-
vide health-related limits for emergency actions under
Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Quantitative estimates have been presented
provided sufficient data are available. Existing data are
insufficient to determine an Acceptable Daily Intake
(ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for nitroanilines.
The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value of 1, 10, 100,
1000 or 5000 pounds is used to determine the quantity
of a hazardous substance for which notification is re-
quired in the event of a release as specified by
CERCLA based on chronic toxicity. The RQ value for
nitroanilines is 100.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and environmental effects
profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable daily intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Nitroanilines, CAS 84-74-
4.
PB88-180450/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ni-
trophenols.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 85, 98p EPA/600/X-85/354
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for nitro-
phenols was prepared by the Office of Health and En-
vironmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response to support list-
ings of hazardous constituents of a wide range of
waste streams under Section 3001 of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to pro-
vide health-related limits for emergency actions under
Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Quantitative estimates have been presented
provided sufficient data are available. Existing data are
insufficient to determine an Acceptable Daily Intake
(ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for nitrophen-
ols. The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value of 1,10,100,
1000 or 5000 pounds is used to determine the quantity
of a hazardous substance for which notification is re-
quired in the event of a release as specified by
CERCLA based on chronic toxicity. Existing data are
insufficient to determine an RQ value.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Nitrophenols, CAS
25154-55-6.
PB88-180468/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Mala-
thlon.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84, 93p EPA/600/X-84/328
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for mala-
thion was prepared by the Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response to support list-
ings of hazardous constituents of a wide range of
waste streams under Section 3001 of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to pro-
vide health-related limits for emergency actions under
Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Quantitative estimates have been presented
provided sufficient data are available. Malathion has
been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An Accept-
able Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount of a
chemical to which humans can be exposed on a daily
basis over an extended period of time (usually a life-
time) without suffering a deleterious effect, for malathi-
on is 0.02 mg/kg bw/day for oral exposure. The Re-
portable Quantity (RQ) value of 1, 10, 100, 1000 or
5000 pounds is used to determine the quantity of a
hazardous substance for which notification is required
in the event of a release as specified by CERCLA
based on chronic toxicity. Existing data are insufficient
to determine an RQ value.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Malathion, CAS 121-75-
5.
PB88-180476/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methyl Ethyl Ketone.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 85,80p EPA/600/X-85/363
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
methyl ethyl ketone was prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmen-
tal Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response to
support listings of hazardous constituents of a wide
range of waste streams under Section 3001 of the Re-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
source Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to
provide health-related limits for emergency actions
under Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmen-
tal Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available.
Methyl ethyl ketone has been determined to be a sys-
temic toxicant. An Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), de-
fined as the amount of a chemical to which humans
can be exposed on a daily basis over an extended
period of time (usually a lifetime) without suffering a
deleterious effect, for methyl ethyl ketone is 3.2 mg/
day for oral exposure. The Reportable Quantity (RQ)
value of 1, 10,100,1000 or 5000 pounds is used to de-
termine the quantity of a hazardous substance for
which notification is required in the event of a release
as specified by CERCLA based on chronic toxicity.
The RQ value for methyl ethyl ketone is 1000.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Methyl ethyl ketone, CAS
78-93-3.
PB88-1604B4/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Office of Mobile Sources.
Assessment of Impacts on the Refining and Natu-
ral Gas Liquids Industries of Summer Gasoline
Vapor Pressure Control. Final rept.
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
24 Aug 87,161 p* SWR-8701, EPA/460/3-87/05
Contract EPA-68-03-3353
Prepared in cooperation with Bonner and Moore Man-
agement Science, Houston, TX. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Office of
Mobile Sources.
The report presents the results of a study of the eco-
nomic impact of regulations which would reduce the
vapor pressure of summer gasoline.
Keywords: 'Vapor pressure, 'Economic impact, 'Reg-
ulations, Gasoline, Petroleum industry, Refining, Natu-
ral gas liquids, Automotive fuels, Motor vehicles,
Costs, Prices, Air quality.
PB88-180492/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Guidance Package for Registration of Pesticide
Products In Compliance with Naphthaleneacetic
Acid Registration Standard.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
31 Jul 81,169p EPA/540/RS-88/038
Supersedes PB82-131145.
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Standards, Regulations, Toxi-
cology, Residues, Ecology, 'Naphthalene acetic acid,
Path of pollutants.
PB88-180500/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ni-
trobenzene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 85,82p EPA/600/X-85/365
See also PB86-134111, and PB88-178975. Prepared
in cooperation with Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for nitro-
benzene was prepared by the Office of Health and En-
vironmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response to support list-
inas of hazardous constituents of a wide range of
waste streams under Section 3001 of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to pro-
1030 Vol. 90, No. 24
vide health-related limits for emergency actions under
Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Quantitative estimates have been presented
provided sufficient data are available. Nitrobenzene
has been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An Ac-
ceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount of a
chemical to which humans can be exposed on a daily
basis over an extended period of time (usually a life-
time) without suffering a deleterious effect, for nitro-
benzene is 0.032 mg/day for inhalation exposure. The
Reportable Quantity (RQ) value of 1, 10, 100, 1000 or
5000 pounds is used to determine the quantity of a
hazardous substance for which notification is required
in the event of a release as specified by CERCLA
based on chronic toxicity. The RQ value for nitroben-
zene is 100.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and environmental effects
profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable daily intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Nitrobenzene, CAS 98-
95-3.
PB88-180518/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ni-
tromethane.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Mar 85,47p EPA/600/X-85/116
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for nitro-
methane was prepared by the Office of Health and En-
vironmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response to support list-
ings of hazardous constituents of a wide range of
waste streams under Section 3001 of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to pro-
vide health-related limits for emergency actions under
Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Quantitative estimates have been presented
provided sufficient data are available. Existing data are
insufficient to determine an Acceptable Daily Intake
(ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for nitrometh-
ane. The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value of 1,10,100,
1000 or 5000 pounds is used to determine the quantity
of a hazardous substance for which notification is re-
quired in the event of a release as specified by
CERCLA based on chronic toxicity. The RQ value for
nitromethane is 1000.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Nitromethane, CAS 75-
52-5.
PB88-180S26/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy Analysis.
Diesel Fuel Quality Effects on Emissions, Durabili-
ty, and Performance. Draft rept. (Final),
Energy and Resource Consultants, Inc., Boulder, CO.
C. Miller, C. Weaver, and W. Johnson. 1987,135p*
Contract EPA-68-01-6543
Prepared in cooperation with Sobotka and Co., Inc.,
Washington, DC. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Policy Analy-
sis.
Diesel engines in light and heavy-duty vehicles emit
significant amounts of oxides of nitrogen (NOx), partic-
ulate matter, sulfur oxides, and unburned hydrocar-
bons. Emissions levels for these pollutants are strong-
ly affected by the quality and composition of the diesel
fuel used. The study briefly reviews the available data
and examines the feasibility, costs, and cost-effective-
ness of reducing diesel emissions by mandatory
changes in diesel fuel composition. Two types of
changes are considered: (1) a drastic reduction in
diesel fuel sulfur content, alone or in combination with
a moderate reduction in the fraction of aromatic hydro-
carbons in the fuel and (2) effects on engine durability,
fuel economy, and refining costs. The work here is in-
tended as a preliminary evaluation of the feasibility and
cost-effectiveness of diesel emissions control through
fuel modifications.
Keywords: 'Diesel fuels, 'Exhaust emissions,
Composition(Property), Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur oxides,
Fuel consumption, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Costs,
Quality assurance, Models, Air quality.
PB88-180S34/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methyl Parathlon.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84,89p EPA/600/X-84/329
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
methyl parathion was prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Crite-
ria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response to
support listings of hazardous constituents of a wide
range of waste streams under Section 3001 of the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to
provide health-related limits for emergency actions
under Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmen-
tal Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available.
Methyl parathion has been determined to be a system-
ic toxicant. An Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined
as the amount of a chemical to which humans can be
exposed on a daily basis over an extended period of
time (usually a lifetime) without suffering a deleterious
effect, for methyl parathion is 0.28 mg/day for oral ex-
posure. The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value of 1, 10,
100, 1000 or 5000 pounds is used to determine the
quantity of a hazardous substance for which notifica-
tion is required in the event of a release as specified by
CERCLA based on chronic toxicity. Existing data are
insufficient to determine an RQ value.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Methyl parathion, CAS
298-00-0.
PB88-180S42/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methoxychlor.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84,133p EPA/600/X-84/326
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
methoxychlor was prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Crite-
ria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response to
support listings of hazardous constituents of a wide
range of waste streams under Section 3001 of the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to
provide health-related limits for emergency actions
under Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmen-
tal Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Meth-
oxychlor has been determined to be a systemic toxi-
cant. An Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the
amount of a chemical to which humans can be ex-
posed on a daily basis over an extended period of time
(usually a lifetime) without suffering a deleterious
effect, for methoxychlor is 7 mg/day for oral exposure
The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value of 1, 10, inn'
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
of a hazardous substance for which notification is re-
quired in the event of a release as specified by
CERCLA based on chronic toxicity. Existing data are
insufficient to determine an RQ value.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Methoxychlor, CAS 72-
43-5.
PB88-180559/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Regulatory Impact Analysis, Oxides of Nitrogen
Pollutant Specific Study and Summary and Analy-
sis of Comments.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
Mar 85, 311 p
The document summarizes the results of all analyses
conducted in support of the final rule for nitrogen oxide
emission standards for 1987 and later model year light
duty trucks and the particulate emission standards for
1988 and later model year light duty trucks and the
particulate emission standards for 1988 and later
model year heavy-duty diesel engines. (50 FR 10606,
March 15,1985). The report also includes the techno-
logical feasibility, economic impact, environmental ef-
fects, cost effectiveness of the standards and the de-
velopment of data on the impacts of several regulatory
alternatives.
Keywords: "Motor vehicles, "Air pollution, "Standards,
Exhaust emissions. Nitrogen oxides, Truck engines,
Diesel engines, Feasibility, Cost effectiveness, Eco-
nomic analysis, Regulations, Environmental effects,
Emission factors, Exhaust emission standards, Emis-
sion standards, Air quality, Pollution regulations, Air
pollution standards, Particulates.
PB88-180674/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Oxidative Degradation of Organic Acids Conjugat-
ed with Sulfite Oxidation in Flue Gas Desulfurlza-
tlon. Final rept. Jun 84-Jun 86,
Texas Univ. at Austin. Dept. of Chemical Engineering.
Y. J. Lee, and G. T. Rochelle. Feb 88,173p EPA/600/
2-88/018
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of a study of organic acid deg-
radation conjugated with sulfite oxidation under flue
gas desulfurization (FGD) conditions. The oxidative
degradation constant, k12, is defined as the ratio of or-
ganic acid degradation rate and sulfite oxidation rate
times the ratio of the concentrations of dissolved S(IV)
and organic acid. It is not significantly affected by pH
or dissolved oxygen in the absence of Mn or Fe. How-
ever, k12 is increased by certain transition metals such
as Fe, Co, and Nl, and is decreased by Mn and halides.
Lower dissolved S(IV) magnifies these effects. A free
radical mechanism was proposed to describe the ki-
netics. Hydroxy and sulfonated carboxylic acids de-
grade approximately three times slower than saturated
dicarboxylic acids: while maleic acid, an unsaturated
dicarboxylic acid, degraded an order of magnitude
faster. A wide spectrum of degradation products of
adipic acid were found, including carbon dioxide (the
major product), smaller dicarboxylic acids, monocar-
boxylic acids, other carbonyl compounds, and hydro-
carbons.
Keywords: "Organic acids, "Degradation, "Sulfites,
"Oxidation, "Flue gases, "Desulfurization, Adipic acid,
Buffers(Chemistry), Reaction kinetics, Air pollution
control, Limestone scrubbing.
PB88-180724/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
National Crop Loss Assessment Network
(NCLAN) 1985 Annual Report,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
W W Heck, 0. C. Taylor, R. M. Adams, L. W. Kress,
and D. T. Tingey. Jul 86,320p EPA/600/3-87/031
See also PB86-232949.
The National Crop Loss Assessment Network
(NCLAN) consists of a group of organizations cooper-
ating in field work, crop modeling, and economic stud-
ies to assess the immediate and long-term economic
consequences of air pollution on crop production. Two
primary objectives are (1) to define relationships be-
tween yields of major agricultural crops and doses of
ozone (03), sulfur dioxide (S02), nitrogen dioxide
(N02), and mixtures of these pollutants under realistic
field conditions, and (2) to use these relationships to
assess the economic consequences of exposure of
crops to ambient levels of these pollutants throughout
the United States. The strategy for completing the eco-
nomic assessment includes developing and extrapo-
lating a comprehensive set of dose-response data for
use in an economic model to estimate effects of crop
yield changes on producers and consumers.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Air pollution, "Farm crops, Math-
ematical models. Yield, Dosage, Sulfur dioxide. Nitro-
gen dioxide, Economic factors, Assessments, Eco-
nomic models, Soil water, Grasses, Hay, Soybean
plants, Cotton plants, Exposure, Tables(Data).
PB88-181557/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Compendium of Superfund Field Operations
Methods. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
L. Feldt. Dec 87,644p* EPA/540/P-87/001, OSWER
DIRECTIVE-9355.0-14
The Compendium provides Superfund Remedial
Project Managers (RPM), quality assurance officers,
and State officials with a consolidated ready reference
for all remedial field procedures at uncontrolled haz-
ardous waste sites. It is also intended to contribute to
improved consistency in field procedures among the
ten EPA Regions.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, *Air pollution con-
trol, "Water pollution control, Field tests, Sites, Oper-
ations, Quality control, Design criteria, Sampling, Re-
gional planning, Variance(Statistics), Records, Labora-
tories, Public health, Safety, Responses, "Superfund.
PB88-181631/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Operational Characteristics Study, Columbus,
Ohio Program. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
G. Thompson, R. McCoy, M. Hoekwater, L. Snapp, and
A. Schuler. Aug 87,245p EPA/AA/SDSB-87/08
The report describes the Columbus, Ohio, program of
the Operational Characteristics Study (OCS) which
monitored the driving patterns of 47 private citizens in
Columbus, Ohio, over a nine-month period from April
1983 to January 1984. These citizens were loaned one
of four vehicles equipped with time, speed, distance,
and temperature recording devices to gather a total of
251 days of in-use data. The report describes the de-
tails of the program, the results, and a comparison of
the average trip statistics to the Federal Test Proce-
dure used in exhaust emissions testing for motor vehi-
cles.
Keywords: "Exhaust emissions, 'Ground vehicles,
"Exhaust emission tests, "Automobile exhaust, Ex-
haust emission measurement, Driving style effect on
exhaust emissions, Columbus(Ohio).
PB88-181680/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Air Pollution Exposure Systems and Experimental
Protocols. Volume 1. A Review and Evaluation of
Performance,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
W. E. Hogsett, D. Olszyk, D. P. Ormrod, G. E. Taylor,
and D. T.Tingey. Sep 87,137p* EPA/600/3-87/037A
See also Volume 2, PB88-181698. Report on Interna-
tional Workshop on Standardization of Exposure Sys-
tems and Protocol, Corvallis, OR., January 27-28,
1986. Prepared in cooperation with California Univ.,
Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Research Center,
Guelph Univ. (Ontario), and Oak Ridge National Lab.,
TN.
A first step in the process of determining if, and to what
level, standardization of exposure systems and proto-
cols should be recommended to the Forest Response
Research Program is the integration of current knowl-
edge of exposure facilities, experimental protocols for
exposure, and characterization of ambient air quality
as it relates to exposure protocol. The document pro-
vides both descriptions and evaluations of existing dry
and wet deposition exposure facilities, monitoring
equipment, and microenvironmental sampling.
Keywords: "Standardization, "Exposure, "Air pollution,
Gases, Plumes, Dust, Monitoring, Aerosols, Rainfall,
Moisture, Atmospheric composition, Chemical analy-
sis, Physical properties, Chemical properties, Indoor
air pollution, Outdoor air pollution, Particulates.
PB88-181698/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Air Pollution Exposure Systems and Experimental
Protocols. Volume 2. Description of Facilities,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
W. E. Hogsett, D. Olszyk, D. P. Ormrod, G. E. Taylor,
and D. T. Tingey. Sep 87,347p* EPA/600/3-87/037B
See also Volume 1, PB88-181680. Report on Interna-
tional Workshop on Standardization of Exposure Sys-
tems and Protocol, Corvallis, OR., January 27-28,
1986. Prepared in cooperation with California Univ.,
Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Research Center,
Guelph Univ. (Ontario), and Oak Ridge National Lab.,
TN.
A first step in the process of determining if, and to what
level, standardization of exposure systems and proto-
cols should be recommended to the Forest Response
Research Program is the integration of current knowl-
edge of exposure facilities, experimental protocols for
exposure, and characterization of ambient air quality
as it relates to exposure protocol. The document pro-
vides both descriptions and evaluations of existing dry
and wet deposition exposure facilities, monitoring
equipment, and microenvironmental sampling.
Keywords: "Standardization, "Exposure, "Air pollution,
Forestry, Research projects, Facilities, Drying, Rain-
fall, Monitoring, Equipment, Plumes, Dispensers,
Sulfur dioxide, Microenvironments, Computer applica-
tions, Acid rain.
PB88-181805/HSU	PC A03/MF AOt
Implications of Perception Thresholds for Soiling,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
F V. Bradow, G. R. Lockheed, and R. L. Bradow. Mar
88,25p EPA/600/D-88/044
Prepared in cooperation with Duke Univ., Durham,
NC., and North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
Soiling of materials and visibility reduction are the two
most important welfare effects of particulate matter.
Though the relationship between fine particles and vis-
ibility reduction is well documented, the evidence for
the relationship of ambient particles to soiling is scant
and poorly understood. Considerable uncertainty
exists concerning the amount of surface accumulated
particulate matter that leads to a decision to clean,
since not only are socioeconomic factors involved in
such a decision, but accumulation of the particles must
first be perceived as soiling. Information regarding rel-
evant physical and chemical properties of airborne
particles are reviewed (e.g. factors affecting deposition
velocity and color). Considerations to assure congru-
ency between physical measurement techniques and
human observations are discussed. Factors are rec-
ommended for inclusion in development of psycho-
physical models to relate psychological and physical
scales of soiling.
Keywords: Perception, Visibility, Particles, Air pollution,
Aerosols, Environmental impact, Costs, "Soiling, Air
quality.
PB88-182068/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Acenaphthene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jul 87,22p EPA/600/8-88/010
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
Because of the lack of data for the carcinogenicity and
threshold toxicity of acenaphthene risk assessment
values cannot be derived. The ambient water quality
criterion of 0.2 mg/l is based on organoleptic data,
which has no known relationship to potential human
health effects. Acenaphthene has been shown to
produce nuclear and cytological changes in microbial
and plant species. Results of acenaphthene mutage-
nicity studies in microorganisms and carcinogenicity
study are negative. Despite the negative results in the
newt (Triturus cristatus) the fact that acenaphthene is
a polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), a class of
chemicals that contain carcinogens, the carcinogenic
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
potential of acenaphthene is of great concern. Inad-
equate evidence to allow any conclusion regarding
carcinogenicity for humans appropriately places ace-
naphthene in EPA Group D.
Keywords: "Acenaphthylenes, 'Toxicology, 'Carcino-
gens, 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, "Health,
Mutagens, Hazardous materials, Pollution, Health, Air
pollution, Water pollution, Pollutants, Pesticides, Tox-
icity.
PB88-182118/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Removing Synthetic Organic Chemicals from
Drinking Water by Granular Activated Carbon:
Performance and Cost,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
B. W, Lykins, R, IvT Clark, and J. Q. Adams. Mar 88,
12p* EPA/600/D-88/046
GAC has been shown to be an effective adsorbent for
removing many of the SOCs scheduled for regulation
and to be an effective broad-spectrum adsorbent. U.S.
EPA data presented in the paper demonstrates by
field-scale contactors, pilot columns, and minicolumns
the adsorbabHity of many SOCs. In DWRD laborato-
ries, isotherm, microcolumn, and pilot column studies
are underway on others. The extent of SOC removal
depends on several factors such as EBCT, type of
GAC used, competition for adsorption sites from other
organics, precursor material, etc. Each utility consider-
ing GAC for SOC control should evaluate their specific
situation. The evaluation should include some method
for predicting full-scale operation.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, "Activated carbon
treatment, "Water pollution control. Potable water,
Granular materials, Chemical removal(Sewage treat-
ment), Regulations, Performance evaluation, Remov-
al, Cost analysis, Effectiveness, Safe Drinking Water
Act and Amendments of 1986, "Drinking water, Syn-
thetic chemicals.
PB88-182175/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Sty-
rene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 84,107p EPA/600/X-84/325
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for sty-
rene was prepared by the Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response to support list-
ings of hazardous constituents of a wide range of
waste streams under Section 3001 of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to pro-
vide health-related limits for emergency actions under
Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con*
stituents. Quantitative estimates have been presented
provided sufficient data are available. Styrene has
been evaluated as a carcinogen. The human carcino-
gen potency factor (q1 *) for styrene is 2.47 (mg/kg/
day)-2 for oral exposure. Quantitative estimates have
been presented provided sufficient data are available.
Existing data are insufficient to determine an Accepta-
ble Daily Intake (ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor
for styrene. The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value of 1,
10,100,1000 or 5000 pounds is used to determine the
quantity of a hazardous substance for which notifica-
tion is required in the event of a release as specified by
CERCLA based on chronic toxicity. Existing data are
insufficient to determine an RQ value.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Styrene, CAS 100-42-5.
PB88-182183/HSU	PCA04/MFA01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Pro-
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 85, 59p EPA/600/X-85/368
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for propi-
onitrile was prepared by the Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response to support list-
ings of hazardous constituents of a wide range of
waste streams under Section 3001 of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to pro-
vide health-related limits for emergency actions under
Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Quantitative estimates have been presented
provided sufficient data are available. Existing data are
insufficient to determine an Acceptable Daily Intake
(ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for propionitrile.
The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value of 1, 10, 100,
1000 or 5000 pounds is used to determine the quantity
of a hazardous substance for which notification is re-
quired in the event of a release as specified by
CERCLA based on chronic toxicity. Existing data are
insufficient to determine an RQ value.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Propionitrile, CAS 107-
12-0.
PB88-182191/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Phenylenediamlnes.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Apr 85,68p EPA/600/X-85/113
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for phen-
ylene/diamines was prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Crite-
ria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response to
support listings of hazardous constituents of a wide
range of waste streams under Section 3001 of the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to
provide health-related limits for emergency actions
under Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmen-
tal Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. The Reportable Quantity (RQ)
value of 1,10,100,1000 or 5000 pounds is used to de-
termine the quantity of a hazardous substance for
which notification is required in the event of a release
as specified by CERCLA based on chronic toxicity.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Phenylenedia-
mines, "Toxicity, "Water pollution, Profiles, Environ-
mental impacts, Aquatic animals, Carcinogens, Public
health, Evaluation, Assessments, Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act.
PB88-182209/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Summary of the 1986 EPA (Environmental Protec-
tion Agency) National Performance Audit Pro-
gram on Source Measurements. Final rept.,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Div.
E. W. Streib, and W. J. Mitchell. Jan 88,43p EPA/600/
4-88/003
See also report for 1985, PB87-165254.
In 1986, the Quality Assurance Division conducted the
National Audits for Stationary Source Test Methods.
The audit materials consisted of: a disposable gas cyl-
inder for Method 3 (Orsat analyzer), a calibrated orifice
for Method 5 (DGM only), five simulated liquid samples
each for Method 6 (S02) and Method 7 (NOx), and two
coal samples for Method 19. Participating laboratories
sent their data to the Source Branch and in return re-
ceived a written report comparing their results to
EPA's. In the Method 3 audit, each parameter had only
one concentration. The mean for C02 was 3.7% from
the expected (EPA) value. The mean for 02 was 0.4%.
In the Method 5 audit, the mean value for all partici-
pants differed by 3.9% from the expected value. For
the Method 6 audit, the average mean differed by
2.0% from the expected value, and in the Method 7
audit, the average mean differed by 5.0%. In the two
coal audits, the parameters measured were sulfur,
moisture, ash, and Btu content. On the average for the
sulfur analysis, 90% of the participants measured
within 10% of the expected value; for Btu, 99% of the
participants measured within 10% of the expected
value.
Keywords: "Auditing, 'Quality assurance, 'Gas analy-
sis, Chemical analysis, Sampling, Combustion prod-
ucts, Industrial wastes, Concentration(Composition),
'Air pollution detection, 'National performance audit
program.
PB88-182217/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Pro-
pylene Oxide.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 85,89p EPA/600/X-85/401
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for pro-
pylene oxide was prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response to support
listings of hazardous constituents of a wide range of
waste streams under Section 3001 of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to pro-
vide health-related limits for emergency actions under
Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Quantitative estimates have been presented
provided sufficient data are available. Propylene oxide
has been evaluated as a carcinogen. The human car-
cinogen potency factor (q1 *) for propylene oxide is
.239 (mg/kg/day)-2 for oral exposure. The Reportable
Quantity (RQ) value of 1, 10, 100, 1000 or 5000
pounds is used to determine the quantity of a hazard-
ous substance for which notification is required in the
event of a release as specified by CERCLA based on
chronic toxicity. The RQ value for propylene oxide is
1000.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Propylene oxide, CAS
75-56-9.
PB88-18222S/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
1,2,3,4,5-Penta-Bromo-6-Chlorocyciohexane.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 85,64p EPA/600/X-85/402
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
1,2,3,4,5-penta-bromo-6-chloro-cyclohexane was pre-
pared by the Office of Health and Environmental As-
sessment, Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response to support listings of hazardous
constituents of a wide range of waste streams under
Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act (RCRA) and to provide health-related limits
for emergency actions under Section 101 of the Com-
prehensive Environmental Response, Compensation
and Liability Act (CERCLA). Both published literature
and information obtained from Agency program office
files were evaluated as they pertained to potential
human health, aquatic life and environmental effects
of hazardous waste constituents. Quantitative esti-
mates have been presented provided sufficient data
are available. 1,2,3,4,5-Penta-bromo-6-chlorocyclo-
hexane has been evaluated as a carcinogen.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Cyclohexane
"Chlorine organic compounds, "Water pollution. Public
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
health. Carcinogens, Aquatic animals, Environmental
impacts, Toxicity, Insecticides, Exposure, Cyclohex-
ane/chloro.
PB88-182340/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Advances in Health Risk Assessment for System-
ic Toxicants and Chemical Mixtures: An interna-
tional Symposium,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
J. F. Stara, and L. S. Erdreich. c1985,367p* EPA/
600/J-85/522
Also pub. in Toxicology and Industrial Health, v1 n4 p1 -
364 Dec 85.
The symposium focuses on improvement of tech-
niques and evaluation of newly developed techniques
in risk assessment of systemic toxicants and toxic mix-
tures of chemicals. The goal of the symposium Is to
review the risk assessment procedures for systemic
toxicants now in use and to present some new topics
for discussion in an effort to establish their usefulness
in the risk assessment process. Furthermore, effects
that need to be included as an integral part of systemic
toxicity risk assessment, such as reproductive toxicity,
are considered. (Copyright (c) 1985 Princeton Scientif-
ic Publishing Co. Inc.)
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Risk, "Assessment, Toxicology,
Carcinogens, Asbestos, Epidemiology, Data, Potable
water, Contaminants, Chemical elements, Malignant
neoplasms, Bioassay, Hazardous materials, Wastes,
Materials recovery, "Foreign technology, Toxicity and
safety hazard, Toxic hazards, Cancer, Chlorine organic
compounds, Health risks, Toxins, Drinking water.
PBM-182365/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Biochemical Effects of Two Promoters of Hepato-
carclnogenesls in Rats. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Experimental Biology Div.
K. T. Kitchin, and J. L. Brown. 1987, 7p EPA/600/J-
87/254
Pub. in Food and Chemical Toxicology, v25 n8 p603-
607 1987.
The effects of administration of two promoters of he-
patocarcinogenesis on five hepatic biochemical pa-
rameters were examined in adult female rats. Two
treatments of phenobarbital (100 mg/kg) 21 and 4
hours before sacrifice caused large increases in hepat-
ic ODC activity and cytochrome P-450 content. Ex-
tending the number of phenobarbital treatments to 5
Increased the size of hepatic enzyme Induction and
caused a minor decrease in hepatic glutathione and a
small increase in serum alanine aminotransferase.
Two administrations of butylated hydroxytoluene
(BHT) (700 mg/kg) caused hepatic DNA damage and
induction of both ODC activity and cytochrome P-450
content. Of the two compounds only BHT showed a
potential for carcinogenic initiation. The biochemical
parameters studied here, may form a useful biochemi-
cal system to examine a compound's potential to
cause carcinogenic initiation, carcinogenic promotion
and cellular toxicity.
Keywords: "Liver neoplasms, "Phenobarbital, Carcino-
?ens, Rats, Pharmacology, Deoxyribonucleic acids,
oxicology, Alpha amino carboxylic acids, Valeric acid,
Cytochromes, Biochemistry, Reprints, "Butylated hy-
droxytoluene, Ornithine decarboxylase.
PB88-182373/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Genes lor Tumor Markers are Clustered with Cel-
lular Proto-Oncogenes on Human Chromosome*.
Journal article,
Florida Inst, of Tech., Melbourne.
J C Hozier, M. J. Mass, and J. M. Siegfried. C1987,
1*30 EPA/600/J-87/255
Grant EPA-R-8117730-11
ptib. in Cancer Letters 36, p235-245 Sep 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Environmental Health Re-
search and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The relative mapping positions of genes for polypep-
tides expressed abnormally in tumors (tumor markers)
and cellular proto-oncogenes were analyzed and a re-
markable degree of co-mapping of tumor marker
genes with oncogenes in the human karyotype were
found. It is proposed that aberrant expression of
marker genes in tumors may be related to their proxim-
ity in the human genome to oncogenes expressed
during the development of malignancy. Ways to test
this hypothesis of concerted abnormal gene expres-
sion in mammalian tumor cells are suggested. (Copy-
right (c) 1987 Elsevier Scientific Publishers Ireland
Ltd.)
Keywords: "Malignant neoplasms, Genes, Mapping,
Peptides, Cells(Biology), Markers, Abnormalities, Hy-
pothesis, Tests, Analysis, Chromosomes, Reprints,
Oncogenes, Karyotyping.
PB88-182381/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effect of Solvent and Extraction Methods on the
Bacterial Mutagenicity of Sidestream Cigarette
Smoke. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Bioassay Branch.
R. S. Morin, J. J. Tulis, and L. D. Claxton. C1987,15p*
EPA/600/J-87/256
Pub. in Toxicology Letters, v38 p279-290 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill. School of Public Health.
The mutagenic activity of sidestream cigarette smoke
particles was estimated by testing sidestream ciga-
rette smoke particles which had been collected under
controlled burning conditions in the laboratory. Two
different extraction methods (Soxhlet and ultrasonic
agitation) and 3 different solvents (dichloromethane,
methanol, and acetone) were compared for their effi-
ciencies in the extraction of compounds from sides-
tream cigarette smoke particles which are mutagenic
in the Ames test. The mutagenic activity of the sides-
tream smoke particles was estimated to be 15,000-
20,000 revertants per cigarette in TA98 with metabolic
activation and 12,000-17,000 revertants per cigarette
in TA100 without metabolic activation. (Copyright (c)
1987 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (Biomedical Di-
vision).)
Keywords: "Mutagens, "Bacteria, "Solvent extraction,
"Smoke, "Air pollution, Toxicity, Cigarettes, Genetics,
Particles; Laboratories, Metabolism, Salmonella, Acti-
vation, Agitation, Ultrasonic frequencies, Acetone,
Carbinols, Chloromethanes, Reprints, Controlled burn-
ing, Ames test, Salmonella typhimurium.
PB88-182399/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Transient Phase between Growth and Nongrowth
of Heterotrophic Bacteria, with Emphasis on the
Marine Environment. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
S. Kjelleberg, M. Hermansson, P. Maerden, and G. W.
Jones. C1987,27p EPA/600/J-87/259
Pub. in Annual Review of Microbiology, V41 p25-49
1987. Prepared in cooperation with Goeteborcj Univ.
(Sweden). Dept. of Marine Microbiology, and Michigan
Univ., Ann Arbor.
The review focuses on some physiological and molec-
ular processes of the bacterial downshift from growth
to nongrowth induced by substrate limitations, with
emphasis on the marine ecosystem. An understanding
of the pathway of downshift and starvation survival, in-
cluding the efficient substrate-scavenging capacity of
nongrowing bacterial cells, is of fundamental impor-
tance not only in the area of microbial ecology but also
in the area of public health related to survival of patho-
gens. (Copyright (c) 1987 by Annual Reviews Inc.)
Keywords: "Marine microorganisms, "Bacteria,
"Growth, "Rivers, Life cycles, Substrates, Nutrition,
Interfaces, Cell division, Microbiology, Food chains,
Biomass, Decomposition, Public health, Disease vec-
tors, Reprints, Ecosystems, Predation.
PB88-182407/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Survival Strategies of Bacteria In the Natural Envi-
ronment. Journal article,
Maryland Univ., College Park. Dept. of Microbiology.
D. B. Roszak, and R. R. Colwell. C1987,7p* EPA/600/
J-87/260
Pub. in Microbiological Reviews, v51 n3 p365-379Sep
87. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Gulf
Breeze, FL.
The need for methods to estimate total number of
living bacteria in environmental samples, including
specific pathogens in aquatic systems, has not been
met and therefore remains a continuing public health
concern. The paper describes microbiological meth-
ods employed in measuring water quality to indicate
the extent of contamination by human domestic
wastes. Coliform bacteria, in general, remain the indi-
cator organisms of choice to date. (Copyright (c) 1987,
American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: "Bacteria, "Survival, "Aquatic biology,
"Water pollution, Public health, Microbiology, Coliform
bacteria, Humans, Feces, Indicator species, Accuracy,
Environmental surveys, Pathology, Disease vectors,
Viability, Reprints.
PB88-182415/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Potential Relationship of Maternal Toxicity, Gen-
eral Stress, and Fetal Outcome. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
N. Chernoff, R. J. Kavlock, P. E. Beyer, and D. Miller.
1987,15p EPA/600/J-87/257
Pub. in Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagen-
esis, V7p241-253 1987.
Standard teratology bioassays generally call for a top
dose level which is sufficient to induce some form of
overt maternal toxicity such as death or weight loss.
While the physiological bases for the toxicity vary
widely in a compound-related fashion, one underlying
factor that remains constant for most induced toxicity
is the presence of generalized stress in the affected
animals. Previous studies have indicated that pregnant
animals treated acutely with toxic levels of a variety of
pharmacologically unrelated chemicals produced lit-
ters without a recognizable syndrome of defects,
except for an increased incidence of supernumerary
ribs (SNR). The present study reports on the effects of
immobilization stress on the production of SNR in the
Sprague-Dawley rat and the CD-1 mouse. An increase
in SNR was noted in immobilized mice but not rats.
These results suggest that such fetal effects may be
the result of general agent-induced maternal stress.
Keywords:	"Congenital	abnormalities,
*Stress(Physiology), Pregnancy, Embryos, Rats, Mice,
Ribs(Bones), Toxicity, Corticosterone, Acetylsalicylic
acid, Reprints, "Fetal development, Aspirin, Terato-
gens, Immobilization.
PB88-182423/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparison of the EC50s of Algal Toxicity Tests
Calculated by Four Methods. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
G. E. Walsh, C. H. Deans, and L. L. McLaughlin. 1987,
7p EPA/600/J-87/258
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v6
p767-770 Apr 87.
EC50s (calculated concentrations that would inhibit
growth by 50%) of 21 pesticides in unicellular algal
toxicity tests were calculated by straight-line graphical
interpolation, moving average inteipolation, probit
analysis and the binomial method. EC50s of 18 tin
compounds were calculated by graphical interpolation,
moving average and probit methods. A total of 187
tests was analyzed. Values of the EC50 were essen-
tially identical when calculated by each method, and it
is concluded that straight-line graphical interpolation,
the simplest and most rapid method, can be used to
estimate relative toxic effect on algal population
growth.
Keywords: "Tin, "Toxicity, "Algae, Pesticides,
Concentration(Composition), Growth, Organic com-
pounds, Inorganic compounds. Graphic methods, Pop-
ulation growth, Statistical analysis, Density(Mass/
Volume), Interpolation, Chemical analysis, Reprints.
PB88-182597/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Gene Engineering of Yeasts for the Degradation
of Hazardous Waste. Environmental research brief
Jul 83-Jun 86,
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Coll. of Medicine.
L. C. Loper. Jan 88,6p EPA/600/M-88/001
Grant EPA-R-810605
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The research examined the structure and function of
cytochrome P-450 genes in yeast as a model for gene
engineering such as eukaryotic P-450 enzymes for bio-
degradation of hazardous waste by yeasts. Saccharo-
myces cerevisiae and Candida tropicalis are two
yeasts known to produce major P-450 enzymes.
These enzymes were purified and antibodies produced
in rabbits were then used in the isolation or character-
ization of clones containing a P-450 gene from each
organism. DNA sequence was determined for the
gene isolated from S. cerevisiae and for several hun-
dred bases of chromosomal DNA on each side of the
gene, and deletion experiments in the promoter region
were conducted. The deduced protein sequence from
this gene was compared to those of the other known
subfamilies of eukaryotic P-450 genes; the several fea-
tures identified included a new homology region for
these protein sequences. The C. tropicalis gene and
its promoter region have been partially sequenced.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, "Biodeterioration,
'Yeasts, Cytochromes, Antibodies, Laboratory ani-
mals, Deoxyribonucleic acids, 'Genetic intervention.
PB88-182688/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
TCAB, TCAOB and TCHB.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 85,68p EPA/600/X-85/394
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
TCAB, TCAOB and TCHB was prepared by the Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment, Environ-
mental Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH
for the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Re-
sponse to support listings of hazardous constituents of
a wide range of waste streams under Section 3001 of
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
and to provide health-related limits for emergency ac-
tions under Section 101 of the Comprehensive Envi-
ronmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Exist-
ing data are insufficient to determine an Acceptable
Daily Intake (ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for
TCAB, TCAOB and TCHB. The Reportable Quantity
(RQ) value of 1, 10,100,1000 or 5000 pounds is used
to determine the quantity of a hazardous substance for
which notification is required in the event of a release
as specified by CERCLA based on chronic toxicity.
J™ RQ values for TCAB, TCAOB and TCHB are 100,
100 and none, respectively.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Hrotiles, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'TCAB, 'TCAOB 'TCHB
CAS 71753-42-9.	' '
PB88-182696/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Va-
nadium Pentoxide.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Apr 85, 53p EPA/600/X-85/114
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
• The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for vana-
dium pentoxide was prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Crite-
ria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response to
support listings of hazardous constituents of a wide
range of waste streams under Section 3001 of the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to
provide health-related limits for emergency actions
under Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmen-
tal Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Exist-
ing data are insufficient to determine an Acceptable
1034 Vol. 90, No. 24
Daily Intake (ADI) or a carcinogenic potency factor for
vanadium pentoxide. The Reportable Quantity (RQ)
value of 1,10,100,1000 or 5000 pounds is used to de-
termine the quantity of a hazardous substance for
which notification is required in the event of a release
as specified by CERCLA based on chronic toxicity.
The RQ value for vanadium pentoxide is 100.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, "Vanadium pentoxide,
CAS 1314-62-1.
PB88-182720/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Tri-
methyl Phosphate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 85, 66p EPA/600/X-85/367
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for tri-
methyl phosphate was prepared by the Office of
Health and Environmental Assessment, Environmen-
tal Criteria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response to
support listings of hazardous constituents of a wide
range of waste streams under Section 3001 of the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to
provide health-related limits for emergency actions
under Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmen-
tal Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Quantitative estimates have been
presented provided sufficient data are available. Tri-
methyl phosphate has been evaluated as a carcino-
gen. The human carcinogen potency factor (q1 *) for
trimethyl phosphate is .0383 (mg/kg/day)-1 for oral
exposure. The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value of 1,
10,100,1000 or 5000 pounds is used to determine the
quantity of a hazardous substance for which notifica-
tion is required in the event of a release as specified by
CERCLA based on chronic toxicity. The RQ value for
trimethyl phosphate is 100.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, "Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Trimethyl phosphate,
CAS 512-56-1.
PB88-182852/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Ethyl Chloride.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jul 87,25p EPA/600/8-88/036
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with ethyl chloride. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in this document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
this project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systemic toxicants.
Keywords: 'Health hazards, 'Chloroethanes, Dosage,
Exposure, Toxicity, Absorption, Ethyl chloride, Haloge-
nated aliphatic hydrocarbons, Health effects.
PB88-182860/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Fluorenes.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
May 87,28p EPA/600/8-88/040
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with Fluorenes. All estimates
of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency pre-
sented in this document should be considered as pre-
liminary and reflect limited resources allocated to this
project. The intent in these assessments is to suggest
acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient data
are available. The interim values presented reflect the
relative degree of hazard associated with exposure or
risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever possible,
two categories of values have been estimated for sys-
temic toxicants.
Keywords: 'Health hazards, 'Fluorenes, Dosage,
Risk, Exposure, Toxicity, Absorption, Benzofluorene!
Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, Health effects.
PB88-182878/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Parathion.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jul 87,44p EPA/600/8-88/047
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with Parathion. All estimates
of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency pre-
sented in this document should be considered as pre-
liminary and reflect limited resources allocated to this
project. The intent in these assessments is to suggest
acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient data
are available. The interim values presented reflect the
relative degree of hazard associated with exposure or
risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever possible,
two categories of values have been estimated for sys^
temic toxicants.
Keywords: 'Health hazards, 'Parathion, Dosage, Risk,
Exposure, Toxicity, Absorption, Organophosphorus
pesticides, Health effects.
PB88-182886/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Toxaphene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 87, 47p EPA/600/8-88/056
See also PB86-134111. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with Toxaphene. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in this document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
this project. The intent in these assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systemic toxicants.
Keywords: 'Health hazards, 'Toxaphene, Absorption
Toxicity, Carcinogens, Dosage, Exposure, Risk, Poly-
chlorinated camphenes, PoTychlorinated diterpenes
Health effects.
PB88-182938/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Reactivity of Various Grouts to Hazardous
Wastes and Leachates,
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Dept. of Civil and Environmental
Engineering.
A. Bodocsi, M. T. Bowers, and R. Sherer. Feb 88 308n
EPA/600/2-88/021	^
Contract EPA-68-03-3210
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the po-
tential of selected grouts for controlling the percolation
of leachates from hazardous solid waste landfills or
hazardous waste ponds. In the course of the studv
seven different grouts were subjected to permeability
tests and four of the grouts were tested for their reac
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
cals, some with two concentrations, and two real-site
wastes were used as permeants in the permeability
tests, and as liquids for the immersion baths. Based on
the comparison of permeability and reactivity test re-
sults, a scheme was proposed to correlate the perme-
ability changes of grouts to the weight and consistency
changes that may occur during their reactivity testing.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, "Hazardous materials,
"Grouting, Leaching, Percolation, Permeability, Chemi-
cal reactivity, 'Hazardous wastes.
PB88-182977/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Aerosol Generator System for Inhalation Delivery
of Pharmacologic Agents. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
A. A. Strong, M. J. Hazucha, D. A. Lundgren, and E. R.
Cerini. c1987,9p EPA/600/J-87/253
Pub. in Medical Instrumentation, v21 n3 p189-194
1987. Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina
Univ. at Chapel Hill, Florida Univ., Gainesville, and
Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Alexandria,
VA.
Most commercially available aerosol generators for
medical applications produce aerosols characterized
by a broad particle size distribution and a large mass
median (MMD). The desirable size of therapeutic and
diagnostic aerosols is about 2-4 micrometers MMD
with a narrow and uniform distribution. The size en-
hances testing reproducibility and the evaluation of
drug efficacy. Researchers combined the commercial-
ly available DeVilbiss 65 nebulizer with a mixing/dilu-
tion chamber developed in the laboratory. The charac-
teristics of this aerosol generator system (AGS) were
examined over a range of operating conditions and
concentrations of solutions of three bronchoconstric-
tive agents, histamine, carbachol and methacholine.
The AGS produced a polydispersed aerosol with a
MMD range of 1.7 to 2.4 micrometers and a Sg 1.5.
The reliable and reproducible operation of the AGS
greatly increases the power of bronchial challenge
tests with bronconstrictive drugs. (Copyright (c) 1987
by the Association for the Advancement of Medical In-
strumentation.)
Keywords: 'Aerosol generators, Particle size distribu-
tion, Aerosols, Respiration, Medical equipment, Re-
prints, "Inhalation, Bronchoconstrictive agents.
P088-183124/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Quln-
ollne.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 85, 75p EPA/600/X-85/355
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for quin-
oline was prepared by the Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response to support list-
ings of hazardous constituents of a wide range of
waste streams under Section 3001 of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to pro-
vide health-related limits for emergency actions under
Section -101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Quantitative estimates have been presented
provided sufficient data are available. Quinoline has
been evaluated as a carcinogen. The human carcino-
gen potency factor (ql*) for quinoline is 12.48 (mg/kg/
day)-1 for oral exposure. The Reportable Quantity
(RQ) value of 1,10,100,1000 or 5000 pounds is used
to determine the quantity of a hazardous substance for
which notification is required in the event of a release
as specified by CERCLA based on chronic toxicity. Ex-
isting data are insufficient to determine an RQ value.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, * Health and Environmental Effects
Profiles, "Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Carcinogenesis, Acceptable Daily Intake, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Quinoline, CAS 91-22-5.
PB88-184007/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Handbook: Improving POTW (Publicly Owned
Treatment Works) Performance Using the Com-
posite Correction Program Approach.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
Oct 84,270p EPA/625/6-84/008
Prepared in cooperation with Process Applications,
Inc., Fort Collins, CO.
It is clear that only the most effective design and oper-
ation of pollution control facilities will be adequate to
ensure continued protection of this Nation's natural re-
sources. It is essential that the authors achieve the
maximum performance possible of existing Publicly
Owned Treatment Works (POTWs) to achieve maxi-
mum benefit from their expenditures. The purpose of
the Handbook is to provide POTW owners/administra-
tors and the engineering community with a new source
of information to be used in improving the performance
of POTWs through application of the Composite Cor-
rection Program (CCP) approach. It is the intent of the
manual to supplement the existing body of knowledge
in this area.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Handbooks, Perform-
ance evaluation, Criteria, Sludge disposal, Mainte-
nance management, Facilities management, Stand-
ards, Public works, Sewage treatment, Correction,
Water pollution control, Publicly owned wastewater
treatment, Performance standards.
PB88-184015/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Handbook: Septage Treatment and Disposal.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
Oct 84,319p EPA/625/6-84/009
The principal purpose of the handbook is to present an
up-to-date review of available design, performance,
operation and maintenance, cost, and energy informa-
tion pertaining to the receiving, treatment, and dispos-
al of septage. Septage is the liquid and solid material
pumped from a septic tank or cesspool when it is
cleaned. Recommended procedures for planning and
design, along with state-of-the-art information on treat-
ment performance, energy considerations, and health
and environmental effects, are presented. Cost infor-
mation is provided for selected processes in the form
of Fact Sheets contained in Chapter 9. The document
should serve as a practical guide for planners, design
engineers, state and Federal reviewers, and local gov-
ernment officials involved in planning, evaluating, and
designing septage handling facilities in response to the
increasing demands for such facilities.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, "Handbooks, Septic
tanks, Cesspools, Sewage disposal, Facilities man-
agement, Industrial engineering, Cost engineering,
Aerobic processes, Anaerobic processes, Sludge, Gnt
removal, Odor control, Packaged sewage plants,
Dewatering, Disinfection, Sewage treatment plants,
Household wastes.
PB88-184023/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Design Manual: Municipal Wastewater Stabiliza-
tion Ponds,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
E. J. Middlebrooks, J. H. Reynolds, J. M. Montgomery,
C. Middlebrooks, and R. W. Schneiter. Oct 83,343p*
EPA/625/1-83/015
Prepared in cooperation with Clemson Univ., SC., and
Middlebrooks and Associates, Logan, UT.
The manual provides a concise overview of
wastewater stabilization pond systems through discus-
sion of factors affecting treatment, process design
principles and applications, aspects of physical design
and construction, suspended solids removal alterna-
tives. and cost and energy requirements.
Keywords: 'Waste water, 'Sewage treatment, 'Munic-
ipal engineering, 'Manuals, Ponds, Stabilization,
Design criteria, Design standards, Water pollution con-
trol, Municipal wastes.
PB88-184031/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Design Manual: Odor and Corrosion Control in
Sanitary Sewerage Systems and Treatment
Plants.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
Oct 85,142p* EPA/625/1-85/018
See also PB83-219907.
The manual is intended to satisfy the need for a com-
prehensive design manual that brings together avail-
able information in a form convenient for those design-
ing new systems or applying odor and corrosion con-
trol procedures in existing systems.
Keywords: 'Sewage disposal, Design, Manuals, Con-
struction, 'Odor control, 'Corrosion control, 'Sanitary
sewage systems.
PB88-184585/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Malathion as the Active In-
gredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Feb 88,322p EPA/540/RS-88/047
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Standards, "Regulations,
Manufacturing, Chemistry, Toxicology, Residues, Ecol-
ogy, "Malathion, Path of pollutants, CAS 121 -75-5.
PB88-184601/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
State-of-the-Art Flue Gas Cleaning Technologies
for MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) Combustion,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
T. G. Brna. Mar 88,30p* EPA/600/D-88/051
The paper discusses state-of-the-art flue gas cleaning
technologies for municipal solid waste (MSW) com-
bustion. The control of air pollutants from the combus-
tion has evolved from none or only particulate control
to current systems controlling acid gases, trace organ-
ics, trace heavy metals, and nitrogen oxides, as well as
particulate matter. Both in-furnace and post-combus-
tion control methods for limiting one or more of these
pollutants are discussed. Test results for various con-
trol technologies are reported. Recent control technol-
ogy applications and trends are noted.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Waste treatment,
"Flue gases, Exhaust emissions, Combustion, Clean-
ing, Municipal engineering, "Municipal solid waste.
PB88-184819/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Investigating the Fate of Dyes in the Environment,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
G. L. Baughman, and T. A. Perenich. Mar 88,11 p*
EPA/600/D-88/050
Prepared in cooperation with Georgia Univ., Athens.
The rationale and approach that underlie the use of
mathematical models to forecast the environmental
behavior of organic chemicals are examined. The gen-
eral concept are then used to show how knowledge of
environmental and dye chemistry can be used to sug-
gest pathways that are likely or unlikely to be determi-
nants of dye fate in aquatic systems. Reactions Involv-
ing precipitation of Calcium and Magnesium salts and
ion exchange with sediments may be important for ani-
onic and cationic dyes, respectively. The uncharged
dyes are considered in regard to possible volatilization,
sorption, and bioconcentration. Suitable kinetic and
equilibrium constants are not currently available for
quantitative prediction using mathematical models.
Keywords: "Dyes, "Water pollution, 'Mathematical
models. Determinants, Organic compounds, Risk, As-
sessment, Precipitation(Cnemistry), Anion exchang-
ing, Cation exchanging, Concepts, Vaporizing, Envi-
ronmental pollution, Environment effects, Chemical ef-
fluents, Risk assessment.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-184650/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Biochemical and Morphological Validation of a
Rodent Model of OPIDN,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. Padilla, and B. Veronesi. Mar 88, 24p EPA/600/D-
88/049
The paper describes six years of research designed to
validate the use of the rat as a viable alternative to the
hen for screening and mechanistic studies of neuro-
pathic OP compounds. To date the results indicate
that if morphological rather than behavioral endpoints
are used, the rat may be a more valid indicator of
OPIDN. The authors must, however, test the rat with a
wider variety of test OPs to substantiate further the
NTE/pathology relationship. Over and above the regu-
latory considerations, the rat, can be successfully used
to address, the mechanistic questions of OPIDN and
will hopefully be used to unravel those events occur-
ring between OP exposure and the onset of pathologi-
cal damage.
Keywords: "Rats, "Laboratory animals, 'Nervous
system disorders, 'Phosphorus organic compounds,
Screening, Morphology, Tests, Pathology, Damage,
Exposure, Biochemistry, Enzymes, Indicator species,
Phosphites, Esterases, Phosphorus organic com-
pounds, Triphenyl phosphite.
PB88-184684/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Status of 'Site' Program Demonstrations,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
N. M. Lewis, and R. D. Hill. Mar 88,23p EPA/600/D-
88/048
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
established a technology research, demonstration and
evaluation program to promote the use of innovative
technologies for the treatment and destruction of haz-
ardous waste materials. In response to the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986
(SARA), the Office of Research and Development
(ORD) and OSWER have established the Superfund
Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) program to
accelerate the development and use of alternative
technologies at Superfund sites. The SITE program
will provide assurance on performance data and cost
information on those technologies.
Keywords: 'Research projects, 'Hazardous wastes,
Industrial waste treatment, 'Sewage treatment, Sites,
Research program administration, Proposals, Cost
analysis, Selection, Government policies, EPA, Super-
fund, Land application, Innovative Technology Evalua-
tion Program, Alternative planning.
PB88-184700/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
National Wetlands Research Center, Slidell, LA.
Ecology of Peat Bogs of the Glaciated Northeast-
ern United States: A Community Profile,
Connecticut Univ., Storrs. Dept. of Ecology and Evolu-
tionary Biology.
A. W. H. Damman, and T. W. French. Jul 87,114p
BIOLOGICAL-85(7.16)
Library of Congress catalog card no. 87-600237. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Massachusetts Div. of Fish-
eries and Wildlife, Boston. Sponsored by National Wet-
lands Research Center, Slidell, LA., and Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
The publication reviews the ecological information
available for peat bogs in the glaciated Northeastern
United States, a region extending from the Canadian
border to the Pocono Mountain area of Pennsylvania.
Peat bogs depend on acidic, nutrient-poor water for
development and usually occur in areas underlain by
sand, gravel, or glacial till. The hydrologic characteris-
tics and chemical composition of bogs influences both
nutrient cycling and plant community development
within bogs. The publication describes peat bogs, their
distribution in the area under consideration, the physi-
cal settings in which they exist, and the types of bogs
generally recognized. Hydrology, water chemistry, and
the cycling of nutrients and other elements in peat
boas are discussed in the report. The discussion leads
into two chapters describing the vegetation and animal
communities of peat bogs.
Keywords: 'Swamps, "Ecology, 'Peat, Water chemis-
try Soil properties, Acidity, Nutrients, Losses, Spat al
dTstribuliSn Hydrologic cycle, Vegetatjoa Amnna's,
'Wetlands, Northeastern Region(United States).
PB88-184858/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Value Engineering for Small Communities.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of the Assistant Administrator for Water.
Mar 88, 38p EPA/430/09-87/011
The document provides guidance to communities
which are considering the use of Value Engineering
(VE) for their wastewater treatment projects. The doc-
ument explains what VE is and provides examples, il-
lustrates the cost of VE as well as its benefits, and pro-
vides a simplified contract clause (a standard scope of
service) to be used in obtaining VE services.
Keywords: "Value engineering, "Sewage treatment,
Waste treatment. Water treatment, Cost analysis,
Communities, Cost engineering, Water pollution con-
trol.
PB88-184866/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
International Association for Hydraulic Research, Delft
(Netherlands).
Urban Stormwater Management: Legislation is
Necessary. Session 3. Topics in Planning and
Management,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. Field. Mar 88,6p EPA/600/D-88/057
Sponsored by International Association for Hydraulic
Research, Delft (Netherlands), International Associa-
tion on Water Pollution Research and Control, London
(England), Ecole Polytechnique Federate de Lausanne
(Switzerland), and Eidgenoessische Anstalt fuer Was-
serversorgung, Abwasserreinigung und Gewaessers-
chultz, Duebendorf (Switzerland).
The communication discusses the special legislation
necessary to implement the many low-structurally in-
tensive best management practices (BMP) for effec-
tive stormwater management. Laws, ordinances, and
agreements will simplify the process of draining upland
areas with a minimum of flood damage and pollution.
Keywords: "Surface water runoff, Management, Legis-
lation, Flood control, Groundwater, Surface drainage,
Water pollution, Abatement, Land development, Land
use, Cost effectiveness, Erosion control, Local govern-
ment, Regulations, Ordinances, Public law, Urban
areas, 'Storm water runoff, Storm water drainage,
Water management, Water pollution abatement.
PB88-184874/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
Flue Gas Desulfurization Inspection and Perform-
ance Evaluation. Manual.
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Oct 85,315p EPA/625/1 -85/019
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Center for Environmental Research Infor-
mation.
The intent of the manual is to provide inspectors from
Federal and state environmental agencies with infor-
mation regarding the problems that plague lime/lime-
stone slurry flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems
that will aid them in their inspections and performance
evaluations of these systems with respect to compli-
ance with the emission standards that have evolved
since the passage of the 1970 Clean Air Act. A unique
feature of the manual is its structure as a tool', or
working document, which will accompany the inspec-
tor on each plant inspection. Thus, the document is
presented in 'user friendly' fashion and tailored to pro-
vide practical information for its intended use-to assist
in the systematic inspection of an FGD system to de-
termine present and future compliance status. The ap-
proach entails the use of nomographs, checklists, mat-
rices, simplified diagrams, cross-referencing, and in-
dexing of textual information, and the presentation of
important guidelines and recommendations in a readily
discernible fashion.
Keywords: 'Flue gases, 'Desulfurization, Inspection,
Evaluation, Manuals, Air pollution, Limestone, Calcium
oxides, Slurries, Design criteria, Performance, Moni-
tors, Surveys, Correction, Safety, Sulfur dioxide, Boil-
ers, Standards, Clean Air Act, Flue gas, Limestone
scrubbing, Air pollution control, Monitonng.
PB88-1S4882/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
improved Laboratory Dispersant Effectiveness
Test. Final rept.,
Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc., Leonardo
NJ.
J. S. Shum. Mar 88,117p EPA/600/2-88/023
Contract EPA-68-03-3203
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) initi-
ated a program to evaluate an Improved Laboratory
Dispersant Effectiveness Test (ILDET) which was de-
veloped to replace EPA's Revised Standard Dispers-
ant Effectiveness Test (RSDET). The report summa-
rizes the development of the ILDET. The improved test
provides a method to evaluate dispersant effective-
ness in a physically realistic condition. The test energy
level is dynamically similar to the small-scale ocean
turbulence responsible for droplet formation. A prelimi-
nary evaluation of the test was conducted to assess
the various factors that may affect the precision of the
test. The preliminary evaluation shows a possible im-
provement in precision over the existing EPA method.
Keywords: "Dispersants, 'Effectiveness, Tests, Turbu-
lence, Dispersions, Evaluation, Precision, Design crite-
ria, Sampling, Analysis, 'Improved Laboratory Dispers-
ant Effectiveness Test(ILDET), Environmental Protec-
tion Agency.
PB88-184890/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Industrial Boiler Furnace Sorbent Injection Algo-
rithm Development. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. Maddox. Mar 88, 52p EPA/600/8-88/065
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
Prepared in cooperation with National Acid Precipita-
tion Assessment Program, Washington, DC. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Re-
search Lab.
The report describes the development of a perform-
ance and control cost algorithm for the Industrial Com-
bustion Emissions (ICE) Model, one of four stationary
source emission and control cost forecasting models
developed by EPA for the National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program (NAPAP). The ICE Model
projects air pollution emissions (sulfur dioxide (S02),
sulfates, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter), cost!
and fuel mix for industrial fossil-fuel-fired (natural gas,
distillate and residual fuel oil, and coal) boilers by state
and year (1980 baseline, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000,
2010, 2020, and 2030). The algorithm enables the ICE
Model to consider, on an economic basis, the use of
hydrated lime injection for S02 control when a S02
emission reduction strategy is implemented. The algo-
rithms described in the report have been incorporated
into ICE Model Version 6.0.
Keywords: 'Boilers, 'Air pollution, Algorithms, Sor-
bents, Cost estimates, Combustion, Fossil fuels, Pollu-
tion, Sulfates, Sulfur oxides, Particles, Nitrogen oxides,
Air pollution control, Pollution control, Stationary
sources, Particulates, Industrial boilers.
PB88-184908/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Radon Reduction Techniques for Detached
Houses. Technical Guidance (Second Edition),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab7
D. B. Henschel. Jan 88, 247p EPA/625/5-87/019
The document is intended for use by State officials,
radon mitigation contractors, building contractors, con-
cerned homeowners, and other persons as an aid in
the selection, design, and operation of radon reduction
measurements for houses. It is the second edition of
EPA's technical guidance for indoor radon reduction
techniques. This edition incorporates additional and
updated information, reflecting new results and per-
spectives that have been obtained in this developing
field since the first edition was published in June 1986
It is anticipated that future editions will be prepared as
additional experience is gained. New information is
continually becoming available through development
and demonstration work funded by EPA and othere!
and through the practical application of these mitiaa
tion systems by private mitigators.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Radon, "Houses,
Indoor air pollution, Measurement, Ventilation, Soils,
Air cleaning, Pressurizing.
PB88-185087/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Handbook: Identification and Correction of Typi-
cal Design Deficiencies at Municipal Wastewater
Treatment Facilities.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
Apr 82,422p EPA/625/6-82/007
The handbook has been prepared for use by engi-
neers involved in the design and review of designs for
publicly-owned treatment works (POTWs). Its intent is
to identify design deficiencies found to limit the per-
formance of POTWs. Design considerations have
been developed that will eliminate these deficiencies
during the design phases of the project. The document
will prove useful to personnel involved in the operation
and maintenance of POTWs since procedures are pre-
sented, where feasible, for correction of design defi-
ciencies at existing facilities. Use of the handbook will
assure that the design incorporates a maximum
number of operational conveniences.
Keywords: 'Handbooks, Design criteria. Waste water,
Water treatment, Performance, Maintenance, Reliabil-
ity, Safety, Costs, Disinfection, Energy conservation,
"Publicly owned treatment works(POTW), Hazardous
wastes, Pollution control.
PB88-185095/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
WASP4, A Hydrodynamic and Water Quality
Model - Model Theory, User's Manual, and Pro-
rammer's Guide,
nvironmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
R. B. Ambrose, T. A. Wool, J. P. Connolly, and R. W.
Schanz. Jan 88,317p EPA/600/3-87/039
See also PB87-110995. Prepared in cooperation with
Computer Sciences Corp., Athens, GA., Manhattan
Coll., Bronx, NY., and Woodward-Clyde Consultants,
Walnut Creek, CA.
The Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program Ver-
sion 4 (WASP4) is a dynamic compartment modeling
system that can be used to analyze a variety of water
quality problems in a diverse set of water bodies.
WASP4 simulates the transport and transformation of
conventional and toxic pollutants in the water column
and benthos of ponds, streams, lakes, reservoirs,
rivers, estuaries, and coastal waters. The WASP4
modeling system covers four major subjects-hydro-
dynamics, conservative mass transport, eutrophica-
tion-dissolved oxygen kinetics, and toxic chemical-
sediment dynamics. The WASP4 modeling system
consists of two stand-alone computer programs,
DYNHYD4 and WASP4, that can be run in conjunction
or separately. The hydrodynamic program, DYNHYD4,
simulates the movement of water and the water quality
program, WASP4, simulates the movement and inter-
action of pollutants within the water. The latter pro-
gram is supplied with two kinetic sub-models to simu-
late two of the major classes of water quality prob-
lems-conventional pollution (dissolved oxygen, bio-
chemical oxygen demand, nutrients, and eutrophica-
tion) and toxic pollution (organic chemicals, heavy
metals, and sediment). The substitution of either sub-
model constitutes the models EUTR04 and TOXI4, re-
spectively.
Keywords: "Water quality, 'Hydrodynamics, Mathe-
matical models, Computerized simulation, Water pollu-
tion, Transport properties, Dissolved gases, Sedimen-
tation, Manuals, WASP4 computer system, Path of pol-
lutants, Eutrophication, Toxic substances.
PBM-1SS103/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Absence of Symptoms with Carboxyhemoglobln
Levels of 16-23%. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
V A Benignus, E. R. Kafer, K. E. Muller, and M. W.
Case. C1987,6p EPA/600/J-87/298
Pub. in Neurotoxicology and Teratology, v9 p345-348
1987. Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina
Univ. at Chapel Hill, and Northrop Services, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
It has been generally accepted that carboxyhemoglo-
bin levels between 10-20% produce mild headaches,
dizziness and/or nausea. Experimental double blind
exposures of 18 healthy, nonsmoking young men at
rest to 7,000 - 24,000 ppm, designed to elevate COHb
to 15-20% in 3-5 minutes, were followed by exposure
to 232 ppm CO designed to maintain COHb level lor a
total of 130 minutes. Resulting COHb values were 16-
23%. These COHb values did not produce significantly
more symptoms than reported in the control group
(n = 23). The symptoms which were previously report-
ed in clinical studies of CO poisoning may have result-
ed from CO exposure in combination with (a) exposure
to other substances, (b) stress due to the event that
precipitated medical attention or (c) higher COHb
levels before the first blood sample was taken. (Copy-
right (c) Pergamon Journals Ltd. 1987.)
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Carbon monoxide, "Signs
and symptoms, Exposure, Toxicology, Blood chemical
analysis, Toxic diseases, Carbon monoxide poisoning,
Reprints-
PB88-185111/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Respiratory Responses of Subjects with Allergic
Rhinitis to Ozone Exposure and Their Relation-
ship to Nonspecific Airway Reactivity. Journal arti-
cle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
W. F. McDonnell, D. H. Horstman, S. Abdul-Salaam, L.
J. Raggio, and J. A. Green. C1987,14p EPA/600/J-
87/297
Pub. in Toxicology and Industrial Health, v3 n4 p507-
517 1987. Prepared in cooperation with Rockwell
International, Downey, CA. Small Businesses.
Ozone exposure in man produces changes in respira-
tory function and symptoms. There is a large degree of
unexplained intersubject variability in the magnitude of
these responses. There is concern that individuals with
chronic respiratory diseases may also be more respon-
sive to ozone than normal individuals. The purpose of
the study was to describe the responses of subjects
with allergic rhinitis to ozone exposure and to compare
these responses to those previously observed in
normal individuals. A further purpose was to measure
the association between baseline nonspecific airway
reactivity and changes in lung function and respiratory
symptoms following ozone exposure. (Copyright (c)
Toxicology and Industrial Health, Vol. 3, No. 4, 1987.)
Keywords: "Ozone, "Rhinitis, "Allergic diseases,
"Respiration, Hay fever, Respiratory diseases, Bron-
chi, Exposure, Reprints, "Respiratory system, Respira-
tory function tests, Spirometry.
PB88-185129/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Approach to Identifying Specialized Batteries of
Bioassays for Specific Clasaes of Chemicals:
Class Analysis Using Mutagenicity and Carcino-
genicity Relationships and Phylogenetlc Concord-
ance and Discordance Patterns. 1. Composition
and Analysis of the Overall Data Base. A Report
of Phase 2 of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency Qene-Tox Program. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
V. A. Ray, L. D. Kier, K. L. Kannan, R. T. Haas, and A.
E. Auletta. C1987,47p EPA/600/J-87/296
Pub. in Mutation Research 185, n3 p197-241 May 87.
Prepared in cooperation with Pfizer Central Research,
Groton, CT., Monsanto Co., St. Louis, MO., and Oak
Ridge National Lab., TN.
The major utility and/or benefit of this compilation will
be derived from a chemical class by chemical class
comparative analysis of individual assay performance.
The data base will serve as a resource for hazard eval-
uation of chemicals through structural correlations and
biological end points and associated end points such
as carcinogenicity. An example analysis is presented
using chemical Class 5 (alkyl sulfates sulfoxides, sul-
fones, sulfonates, organic sulfur compounds not other-
wise classified) ana includes the four components.
(Copyright (c) Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (Bio-
medical Division).)
Keywords: "Bioassay, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Chem-
ical analysis, Toxicity, Data processing, Comparison,
Chemical compounds, Testing, Reprints, Data bases.
PB88-185137/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Multiple-Endpolnt Mutagenesis with Chinese Ham-
ster Ovary (CHO) Cells: Evaluation with Eight Car-
cinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic Compounds.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
A. W. Hsie, J. R. San Sebastian, S. W. Perdue, R. L.
Schenley, and M. D. Winters. C1987,21p EPA/600/J-
87/295
Pub. in Molecular Toxicology, v1 p217-234 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Texas Univ. Medical Branch
at Galveston. Dept. of Preventive Medicine and Com-
munity Health, Oak Ridge National Lab., TN., and
Pharmakon Research International, Inc., Waverly, PA.
Using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in culture,
the authors have defined an assay, CHO/HGPRT, to
quantify mutagen-induced cytotoxicity and mutations
at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransfer-
ase (hgprt) locus. This assay permits elucidation of the
structure-activity relationship and analysis of relative
mutagenic potency of various classes of chemical mu-
tagens. By expanding the CHO/HGPRT assay to in-
clude chromosome aberration and sister-chromatid
exchange (SCE), the authors can analyze the interrela-
tionships of these four distinct biological effects and
compare each endpoint for its predictive power of
human-level effect. (Copyright (c) 1987 by Hemisphere
Publishing Corporation.)
Keywords: "Mutagens, "Ovary, "Hamsters, Chromo-
somes, Carcinogens, Malignant neoplasms, Reprints,
Cytotoxins, Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase.
Sister chromatid exchange, Carcinoma.
PB88-185145/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Tubular Mlcroporous Membrane Entrapped
Enzyme Reactors for Flow Injection Analysis.
Journal article,
Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock. Dept. of Chemistry and
Biochemistry.
H. Hwang, and P. Dasgupta. c1987,7p EPA/600/J-
87/293
Grant EPA-R-812366
Pub. in Anal. Chem. 59, n9 p1356-1360 1 May 87.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
Microporous polypropylene fiber bundles (Celgard),
bent into U-shape and covered over most of the length
with epoxy adhesive, make excellent flow-through re-
actors lor entrapping enzymes. Such enzyme reactors
containing horseradish peroxidase and glucose oxi-
dase have been successfully used for determining per-
oxide in atmospheric precipitation and plasma glucose
in test samples. The enzymes are stable in the reactor.
This type of reactor is attractive both because no
chemistry is necessary for enzyme immobilization and
because orders of magnitude greater enzymatic activi-
ty can be achieved per unit reactor volume. (Copyright
(c) 1987 American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: "Chemical reactors, "Enzymes, Micropor-
sity, Membranes, Polypropylene, Fibers, Reprints.
PB88-185152/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Use of the 'Ortho Effect' for Chlorinated Blphenyl
and Bromlnated Biphenyl Isomer Identification.
Journal article,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc.i Las Vegas, NV
G. W. Sovocool', R. K. Mitchum, and J. R. Donnelly.
C1987,6p EPA/600/ J-87/292
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
Pub. in Biomedical and Environmental Mass Spec-
trometry, v14 p579 1987. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Lias Vegas, NV.
The ortho effect observed for chlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs) and brominated biphenyls (PBBs) having 2,2;
2,2', 6 or 2,2', 6,6' halogens, can be combined with GC
retention index for isomer specific identifications by
?as chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).
his technique reliably allows accurate structure as-
signments for environmental monitoring without the
use of multiple GC determinations that employ differ-
ent chromatographic phases. Validation of the ortho
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
effect for 129 PCBs and PBBs is reported, including a
survey of all PCB mass spectra in the EPA/NIH mass
spectral database. Presence or absence of ortho
effect and reduction in magnitude for 2,2', 6,6' substi-
tution may be related to the formation of a planar,
bridged halonium ion intermediate upon electron ioni-
zation in the mass spectrometer. (Copyright (c) by
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
Keywords: "Biphenyl, Spectrum analysis, Mass spec-
troscopy, Fragmentation, Isomerization, Gas chroma-
tography, Halogens, Reprints, " Polybromobiphenyl
compounds, "Polychlorobiphenyl compounds, Isomer-
ism, Mass fragmentography.
PB88-185160/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Ammonia Effects on Microlnvertebrates and Fish
in Outdoor Experimental Streams. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Monticello, MN.
Monticello Ecological Research Station.
R. O. Hermanutz, S. F. Hedtke, J. W. Arthur, R. W.
Andrew, and K. N. Allen. c1987,37p EPA/600/J-87/
291
Pub. in Environmental Pollution 47, p249-283 Nov 87.
Prepared in cooperation with Saint Olaf Coll., North-
field, MN.
Laboratory data on ammonia effects, the US EPA na-
tional water quality criteria for ammonia, and ammonia
site-specific criteria were evaluated in four outdoor ex-
perimental streams (one control and three treatment
streams) over a 76-week period. Calculated un-ionized
ammonia concentrations varied daily and seasonally
according to pH and temperature changes. Popula-
tions of four major microinvertebrate taxonomic groups
(cladocerans, copepods, rotifers and protozoans)
were monitored during a 4-week period early in the
study, and six fish species (fathead minnows, bluegills,
channel catfish, white suckers, walleyes, and rainbow
trout) were tested for various time intervals, from 4 to
26 weeks, throughout the 76-week study period.
(Copyright (c) Elsevier Applied Science Publishers Ltd,
England, 1987.)
Keywords: 'Stream pollution, 'Ammonia, Experimen-
tation, Water quality, Cat fishes, Protozoa, Cladocera,
Minnows, Trout, Fishes, Sampling, Criteria, pH, Re-
prints, Water pollution effects(Animals), Water pollu-
tion sampling.
PB88-185178/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Daily Ozone Exposure Duration and
Concentration Fluctuation on Yield of Tobacco.
Journal article,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
A. S. Heagle, W. W. Heck, V. M. Lesser, and J. O.
Rawlings. C1987, 9p EPA/600/J-87/290
Pub. in American Phytopathological Society, v77 n6
p856-862 1987. Prepared in cooperation with Agricul-
tural Research Service, Beltsville, MD. Sponsored by
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum McNair 944)
was exposed to chronic doses of ozone (03) in open-
top field chambers to determine the influence of fre-
quency and magnitude of peak 03 concentrations and
daily exposure duration on tobacco yield response.
The treatments were established by adding 03 in
amounts that were proportional to ambient 03 concen-
trations or in constant amounts. The frequency of oc-
currence and level of peak 03 concentrations were
greater for each proportional-addition treatment than
for the corresponding constant-addition treatments.
However, the seasonal mean 03 concentrations were
nearly identical, and the yield response to 03 was simi-
lar for both types of 03 for 12 hr/day (1000 to 2200
hours EDT) was 10% less (three treatment levels com-
bined) than in those receiving proportional addition for
7 hr/day (1000 to 1700 hours EDT). If other important
crop species have a similar response to 03 late in the
afternoon, previous national crop loss estimates based
on seasonal 7 hr/day 03 exposures may be low.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Tobacco plants, Air pollution,
Plants(Botany), Plant growth, Tobacco, Environments,
Atmospheric composition, Agricultural products, Sta-
tistical analysis, Regression analysis, Linear regres-
sion, Reprints, Crops, Air quality.
1038 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB88-185186/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Conversion of Municipal Sludge to Oil. (Journal
Version). Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
K. M. Lee, P. Griffith, J. B. Farrell, and A. E. Eralp.
1987, 9p EPA/600/J-87/289
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Pollution Control Federation 59,
n10 p884-889 Oct 87. See also PB87-197547. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Cincinnati Univ., OH.
Thermal conversion of municipal sludge to oil has
been investigated as a viable alternative for ultimate
sludge disposal due to generation of energy. The con-
version process using water as a solvent was evaluat-
ed in a batch mode using primary and secondary mu-
nicipal sludges. A well defined oil separation proce-
dure was developed in the research. The oil obtained
after thermal conversion was dark brown, solid at room
temperature and liquid at above 50 deg C, with an av-
erage heat content of 9400 cal/g oil. The increase of
oil mass and energy yields as a result of thermal reac-
tion was 73 and 67% in the primary sludge, and 515
and 485% in the secondary sludge, respectively, all
with 10.9% volatile solids content. Catalyst addition
did not increase the oil mass and energy yields. Data
showed that primary sludge in the thermal conversion
process.
Keywords: 'Conversion, 'Sludge, 'Oils, 'Municipali-
ties, Energy, Catalysts, Separation, Sludge disposal,
Reprints.
PB88-185194/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Microbiological Characteristics of Third-Faucet
Point-of-Use Devices. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
D. J. Reasoner, J. C. Blannon, and E. E. Geldreich.
1987,10p EPA/600/J-87/288
Pub. in Jnl. of American Water Works Association, v79
n10 p60-66 Oct 87.
Studies of third-faucet point-of-use treatment devices
indicated that the bacteriological quality of the product
water varies among units of the same design as well as
among units of different design. The development of
bacterial populations is affected by the length of time a
filter cartridge is in service, water temperature, flow
rate, materials of construction, and the quality of the in-
fluent water. Although some units contain silver as a
bacteriostatic agent, its effectiveness is questionable
because the concentrations of heterotrophic bacteria
associated with such units are often as high as those
from units that do not contain silver.
Keywords: 'Filtration, 'Microorganism control(Water),
Faucets, Filters, Filter materials, Water treatment de-
vices, Bacteria, Silver, Water quality, Temperature,
Flow rate, Reprints.
PB88-185202/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Activated Sludge Clarlfiers: Design Requirements
and Research Priorities. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. J. Tekippe, and J. H. Bender. c1987,9p EPA/600/
J-87/287
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Pollution Control Federation, v59
n10 p865-870 Oct 87. Prepared in cooperation with
Montgomery (James M), Inc., Pasadena, CA.
The literature review of 320 references was conducted
in an EPA-funded project to identify the needs for fur-
ther research on activated sludge clarifier design and
performance. The findings were summarized in a
report and used as a basis of a 3-day research needs
symposium. The prioritized research needs are pre-
sented in the paper, along with recommendations for
the conduct of such research. The latter includes pro-
tocol, roles of various organizations, and minimum
sizes of facilities to require to secure meaningful data.
(Copyright (c) Journal of Water Pollution Control Fed-
eration.)
Keywords: 'Sludge, Activated sludge process, Clarifi-
ers, inlets(Devices), Outlets, Design criteria, Reviews,
Reprints, Sludge treatment.
PB88-185210/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Assessment of Design Tradeoffs when Using In-
trachannel Clarlfiers. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
J. H. Bender. 1987, 8p EPA/600/J-87/286
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Pollution Control Federation, v59
n10 p871-876 Oct 87.
Basic operation concepts for proprietary intrachannel
clarifiers, the design considerations and benefits of
systems without conventional secondary clarifiers are
provided. Included are waste sludge concentrations,
handling facilities sizes, circulating mixed liquor flow in
oxidation ditches, aeration equipment and channel ve-
locities, and the operation and maintenance consider-
ations. Supported is the conclusion that oxidation ditch
processes can be made more cost effective.
Keywords: 'Clarification, 'Sewage treatment, 'Acti-
vated sludge process, Oxidation reduction reactions,
Design, Operations, Aerators, Sludge, Maintenance!
Cost effectiveness, Reprints, Oxidation ditches. Trade
offs.
PB88-185228/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effect of Phenobarbital and 3-Methylcholanthrene
on Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity In Cultures
of HepG2 Cells and Normal Human Hepatocytes.
(Revised). Journal article,
loannina Univ. (Greece). Dept. of Pharmacology.
M. Marselos, S. C. Strom, and G. Michalopoulos.
C1987,16p EPA/600/J-87/285
Grant EPA-R-811687
Pub. in Chemico-Biological Interactions, v 62 p 75-88
1987. Prepared in cooperation with Duke Univ. Medi-
cal Center, Durham, NC. Dept. of Pathology. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity was meas-
ured in primary cultures of normal human hepatocytes
and of the human hepatoma cell line HepG2 after ap-
plication of phenobarbital (PB) or 3-methylcholanth-
rene (MC) for 5 days. Treatment with PB alone result-
ed in a significant increase on both protein and DNA
content at concentrations of 2 and 3mM. Treatment
with MC at a concentration as low as 5 micro M led to a
significant loss of cells when it lasted more than 5
days. Concentrations of 3-5mM of PB in the media of
HepG2 cell cultures caused a 2-fold enhancement of
the activity of ALDH, as measured with NAD and pro-
pionaldehyde (P/NAD) or benzaldehyde (B/NAD). On
the other hand, MC-treated cultures (5 micro M)
showed a 20-fold increase in enzyme activity meas-
ured with NADPO and benzaldehyde (B/NADP), and a
2-fold increase in B/NAD activity. Combined treatment
with both PB and MC led to an effect of dynamic syner-
gism as far as B/NAD and B/NADP activities are con-
cerned, suggesting a metabolite of MC as the mediator
for the increase of ALDH activity. Normal human hepa-
tocytes in primary cultures responded to PB (3mM) in a
similar way as HepG2 cells as far as DNA and protein
content and AKDH activity are concerned. It is con-
cluded, that HepG2 hepatoma cells behave similar to
the normal hepatocytes in terms of ALDH regulation
and can be used for studies on the activity of ALDH as
modified by added xenobiotics. (Copyright (c) 1987 El-
sevier Scientific Publishers Ireland Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Phenobarbital, 'Methylcholanthrene
'Drug therapy, Liver, Metabolism, Deoxyribonucleic
acids, Cells(Biology), Reprints, 'Aldehyde dehydro-
genase, 'Hepatoma.
PB88-18S236/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lati
Lignosulfonate-Modified Calcium Hydroxide for
Sulfur Dioxide Control. Journal article,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
D A. Kirchgessner, and J. M. Lorrain. c1987,6p EPA/
600/J-87/284
Contract EPA-68-02-3988
Pub. in Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Re.
search, v26 n11 p2397-2400 1987. Sponsored by En-
vironmental Protection Agency, Research Trianale
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The article discusses the use o< lignosulfonate-modi-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
(S02) control. The limestone injection multistage
burner (LIMB) process is currently being developed at
the U.S. EPA as a low cost retrofittable technology for
controlling oxides of sulfur and nitrogen from coal-
burning utility boilers. The most effective commercial
calcium-based sorbent for this process is Ca(OH)2,
with S02 removals of about 50%. Additions of calcium
lignosulfonate up to 1.5 mass % of the dry product, in-
troduced with the water of hydration, increase the S02
capture of the resulting Ca(OH)2 to 60%. This is
achieved through particle size reduction in the modi-
fied hydroxides. The principal mechanism of size re-
duction appears to be deagglomeration of the
Ca(OH)2 crystals; a secondary benefit is derived from
crystal size reduction. (Copyright (c) 1987 by the Amer-
ican Chemical Society.)
Keywords: "Sulfur dioxide, "Calcium hydroxides, "Boil-
ers, "Air pollution control, Sorbents, Nitrogen oxides,
Limestone, Lignocellulose, Removal, Particle size,
Deagglomeration, Reprints, LIMB process, Lignosul-
fonate.
PB88«185244/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Controlling Arsenic, Fluoride, and Uranium by
Point-of-Use Treatment. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
K. R. Fox, and T. J. Sorg. 1987,6p EPA/600/J-87/263
Pub. in Jnl. of American Water Works Association v79
n10 p81-84 Oct 87.
Arsenic and other inorganic contaminants are found in
the water supplies of many small communities. One
possible solution for the problem of inorganic contami-
nants is point-of-use treatment, which can be used by
individual homes or small communities. Ion exchange,
activated alumina, and reverse osmosis point-of-use
treatment units have been evaluated by the U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, and each system was
found to be effective under certain operating condi-
tions. Data from various field projects are presented,
along with laboratory data on the removal of specific
contaminants.
Keywords: "Arsenic, "Fluorides, "Uranium, "Water
treatment, Potable water, Water treatment chemicals,
Water pollution, Contaminants, Water supply, Osmo-
sis, Distillation, Ion exchanging, Aluminum oxide,
Water pollution abatement, "Water pollution control,
Pollutants, Chemical effluents, Drinking water.
PB88-165251/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Corrective Measures for Releases to Ground
Water from Solid Waste Management Units. Draft
rept. (Final),
Alliance Technologies Corp., Bedford, MA.
M. M. Gosse, L. L. Farrell, N. Prominski, M. Arienti, and
D Dwight. Aug 85,168p GCA-TR-85-69-G, EPA/530/
SW-88/020
Contract EPA-68-01-6871
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The Hazardous and Solid Waste Act (HSWA) of 1984
requires corrective measures for all releases of haz-
ardous waste or hazardous constituents from any solid
waste management unit at a treatment, storage or dis-
posal facility seeking a RCRA permit, regardless of the
time at which waste was placed in such unit. In the
report, ground-water control/treatment technologies
at hydrogeologic settings are identified and assessed.
Keywords: "Ground water, Hydrogeology, Treatment,
Contamination, Recommendations, Water pollution,
"Solid waste management, "Remedial actions, Case
studies.
PBM-185269/H8U	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
oiffice of Solid Waste.
Technical Guidance for Corrective Measures: De-
termining Appropriate Technology and Response
for Air Releases. Draft rept. (Final),
Alliance Technologies Corp., Bedford, MA.
M Arienti, A. Baldwin, and M. Kravett. Mar 85,216p
GCA-TR-85-43-G, EPA/530/SW-88/021
contract EPA-68-01-6871
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The purpose of the guidance document is to assist
EPA/State personnel in implementing the new correc-
tive action provisions by providing a central source of
information on air emissions control technologies and
techniques for hazardous waste treatment, storage,
and disposal facilities.
Keywords: "Emissions, "Pollution, "Hazardous
wastes, Industrial wastes, Guidelines, Waste treat-
ment, Waste disposal, Toxicity, Containers, Land use,
Earth fills, "Environmental monitoring, Toxic sub-
stances, RCRA(Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act), Corrective action technologies.
PB88-185277/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Corrective Measures for Releases to Soli from
Solid Waste Management Units. Draft rept. (Final),
Alliance Technologies Corp., Bedford, MA.
S. C. Konieczny, L. Farrell, M. M. Gosse, B. Myatt, and
B. Kay. Aug 85,207p GCA-TR-85-66-G, EPA/530/
SW-88/022
Contract EPA-68-01-6871
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Upon discovery of a release from a solid waste man-
agement unit at a Resource Conservation and Recov-
ery Act (RCRA) facility, a complete site investigation
should be performed to determine nature and extent of
the release. Once the release and its extent has been
characterized, and determined to be a threat to human
health or the environment, corrective measures must
be implemented. The draft final report discusses the
various types of removal/containment (includes dis-
posal) and treatment technologies which are applica-
ble to remediation of releases to soils.
Keywords: "Pollution, "Hazardous wastes, "Waste
treatment, Site surveys, Industrial wastes, Waste dis-
posal, Toxicity, Soils, Containers, "Solid waste man-
agement, "Corrective action technologies,
RCRA(Resource Conservation and Recovery Act), En-
vironmental monitoring.
PB88-185285/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Technical Guidance for Corrective Measures -
Subsurface Gas.
SCS Engineers, Inc., Reston, VA.
28 Mar 85,122p EPA/530/SW-88/023
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The manual is intended to provide technical guidance
for EPA and authorized State personnel in assessing
the needs for corrective action reviewing permit appli-
cations, and writing permits for hazardous waste facili-
ties.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Waste disposal, "Pol-
lution, "Emissions, Guidelines, Waste treatment, In-
dustrial wastes, Containers, Toxicity, Manuals, "Cor-
rective action technologies, Toxic substances, Envi-
ronmental monitoring.
PB88-185491/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Pore Distribution Changes of Calcium-Based Sor-
bents Reacting with Sulfur Dioxide. Journal article,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
B. K. Gullett, and K. R. Bruce. C1987,10p EPA/600/J-
87/280
Contract EPA-68-02-3988
Pub. in AlChE Jnl., v33 n10 p1719-1726 Oct 87. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Re-
search Lab.
The paper gives results of a determination of changes
in the pore structure of calcium oxide sorbents derived
from calcium carbonate (termed c-CaO) and calcium
hydroxide (termed h-CaO) reacting with sulfur dioxide
(S02). Results show that the pore shape of c-CaO ap-
proximates a cylinder, while that of h-CaO appears to
be slit or plate-like. The pore volume of c-CaO is locat-
ed in much smaller pores than that of h-CaO when
compared on the basis of an equivalent geometric
model. The effect of sintering was to reduce surface
area through coalescence of smaller pores, while only
minor effects were observed upon pore volume and
conversion from CaO to calcium sulfate (CaS04). Both
sorbents expand to allow greater reaction than is pos-
sible given the initial porosity and formation of a larger-
volume product.
Keywords: "Calcium oxides, "Sorbents, "Sulfur diox-
ide, "Air pollution control, Chemical reactions, Electric
power plants, Porosity, Filterability, Expansion, Sinter-
ing, Particles, Mathematical models, Exposure,
Tables(Data), Limestone, Reprints, Acid rain.
PB88-185S09/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Investigation of Product-Layer Dlffuslvity for CaO
Sulfation. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
R. H. Borgwardt, K. R. Bruce, and J. Blake. c1987,10p
EPA/600/ J-87/279
Pub. in Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research
26, p1993-1998 1987. Prepared in cooperation with
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park. NC.
The paper gives results of comparisons of the sulfation
rates of CaO prepared from Ca(OH)2 and CaC03,
using six types of each precursor derived from the
same natural limestones. The particles were small
enough to eliminate all transport resistances except
diffusion through the CaS04 product layer. No signifi-
cant difference between the reactivity of the two types
of CaO was observed when compared at equal values
of specific surface area (23 sq m/g), temperature
(800C), and S02 partial pressure (304 Pa). The appar-
ent product-layer diffusivity at these conditions was 2.1
x 10 to the minus 8th power sq cm/sec. For an activa-
tion energy of 33 kcal/mol, the Arrhenius pre-expo-
nential factor for diffusion is estimated to be 0.12 sq
cm/sec. Sulfation rates increased with the 0.64 power
of S02 partial pressure. (Copyright (c) 1987 by the
American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: "Calcium oxides, "Sulfur dioxide, "Diffu-
sion, "Air pollution, Chemical reactions, Sulfation,
Limestone, Particles, Temperature, Mathematical
models, Tables(Data), Reprints.
PB88-185517/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Sex and Age on DMBA:DNA Binding in
Epidermis of SENCAR Mice Following Topical Ad-
ministration of Dimethylbenz(a) Anthracene. Jour-
na| £lf*tjcl0
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN. School of Pharmacy and
Pharmacal Sciences.
M. A. Morse, W. M. Baird, and G. P. Carlson. c1987, 9p
EPA/600/J-87/278
Pub. in Cancer Letters, v37 n1 p25-31 Oct 87. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC., and National Institutes of Health, Be-
thesda, MD.
Epidermal DMBA+DNA adduct formation was deter-
mined in male and female SENCAR mice following
short-term	exposure	to	7,12-
dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). While no differ-
ences in the proportions of the individual adducts were
found between male and female mice, male mice gen-
erally had higher levels of each individual adduct as
well as a greater total binding of DMBA to DNA at 6 to
48 hours after topical administration. Additionally, the
effect of age on total DMBA:DNA binding was exam-
ined in epidermis of male mice. The levels of binding
were greatest between 40 and 54 days of age. These
studies demonstrate the importance of considering
both the age and sex of animals when examining the
metabolism and binding of DMBA and in muscle skin
tumor induction experiments using DMBA as an initia-
tor. (Copyright (c) Cancer Letters, 37:1, P187.)
Keywords: "Deoxyribonucleic acids, "Epidermis,
"Mice, "Skin cancer, Carcinogens, Skin(Anatomy),
Skin diseases, Neoplasms, Age, Sex, Drugs, Metabo-
lism, Reprints, "DNA, "DNA(Neoplasm), "Dimethyl-
benzanthracene, Age factors, Sex factors. Tumor pro-
moters.
PB88-185525/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Chemical Reactivity, Cytotoxicity, and Mutagenic-
ity of Chloropropanones. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
B. A. Merrick, C. L. Smallwood, J. R. Meier, D. L.
McKean, and W. H. Kaylor. 1987,11 p EPA/600/J-87/
277
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 91, n1
p46-54 1987.
Studies were conducted to assess the in vitro toxicity
of three chloropropanones: monochloropropanone
(MCP), 1,1-dichloropropanone (1,1-DCP) and 1,3-dich-
loropropanone (1,3-DCP). Chloropropanones reacted
directly with reduced glutathione in sodium phosphate
buffer at pH 7.4. All chloropropanones were cytotoxic
to suspensions of male, rat hepatocytes in a concen-
tration range of 0.5-10 mM. Cytotoxicity was preceded
by rapid decline in cellular GSH levels. Mutagenic po-
tencies among the chloropropanes in Salmonella ty-
phimurium bacteria differed greatly. 1,3-DCP was mu-
tagenic in the nmole range, 1,1 -DCP was weakly muta-
genic in the micromole range and MCP was not muta-
genic. Mutagenicity of the dichloropropanones was
evident without metabolic activation.
Keywords: "Chemical reactions, "Toxicity, "Chlorine
organic compounds, "Rats, "Water treatment, Labora-
tory animals, In vitro analysis, Cytology, Disinfection,
Mutagens, Carcinogens, Chlorination, Disinfection,
Salmonella, Biodeterioration, Humans, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), pH, Metabolism, Re-
prints, "Chloropropanones, Haloketones, Propanone/
dichloro, Propanone/monochloro.
™88-185533/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect of the Age of B6C3F1 Mice on Phenobarbi-
tal Promotion of Diethylnltrosamlne Initiated Liver
Tumors. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.	a
J. E. Klaunig, C. M. Weghorst, and M. A. Pereira.
C1987,9p EPA/600/J-87/276
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v90 n1
p79-85 Aug 87. Prepared in cooperation with Medical
Coll. of Ohio at Toledo. Dept. of Pathology.
Chronic exposure to phenobarbital (PB) in the drinking
water of male B6C3F1 mice starting at 4 weeks of age
and subsequent to a single (ip) injection of diethylnitro-
samine (DENA) administered on Day 15 of age has
been shown to result in the inhibition of hepatic tumor
formation. In the study, the authors varied the time of
onset of PB administration to determine if sexual matu-
rity would affect liver tumor formation and progression.
Data from the study suggest that the inhibition of hepa-
tocellular tumorigenesis by PB remains intact even
when the start of the administration of PB is withheld
up to 12 weeks of age. (Copyright (c) 1987 Academic
Press, Inc.)
Keywords: "Liver neoplasms, "Nitroso compounds,
Hienobarbital, Carcinogens, Mice, Aging(Biology),
Adenoma, Reprints, "Diethylnitrosamine, Cocarcino-
genesis.
Ho?i»h18c5«4VH|U	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.	a
Carcinogenicity of Trichloroethylene and Its Me-
tabolites, Trichloroacetic Acid and Dlchloroacetlc
Acid, in Mouse Liver. Journal article,
Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
S. L. Herren-Freund, M. A. Pereira, M. D. Khoury, and
G. Olson. C1987, 9p EPA/600/J-87/275
Contract EPA-68-03-3215
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v90 n2
p 183-189 Sep 87. Prepared in cooperation with Pa-
thology Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH. Sponsored by
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Trichloroethylene (TCE) has previously been shown to
be carcinogenic in mouse liver when given by daily
gavage in corn oil. The metabolism of TCE results, in
part, in the formation of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) as a
major metabolite and dichloroacetic acid (DCA) as a
minor metabolite. These chlorinated acetic acids have
not been shown to be genotoxic; although, they have
been shown to induce peroxisome proliferation..There-
fore, the authors determined the ability of TCE, TCA, or
DCA to act as tumor promoters in mouse liver. There-
fore our results demonstrate that DCA and TCA are
hepatocarcinogens in B6C3F1 mice although there
has been no previous evidence of their geonotoxicity.
(Copyright (c) 1987 by Academic Press, Inc.)
1040 Vol. 90, No. 24
Keywords: "Acetic acid, "Liver neoplasms, "Mice, Ad-
enoma, Carcinogens, Phenobarbital, Drugs, Toxicity,
Toxicology, Potable water, Contaminants, Water pollu-
tion, Reprints, "Trichloroacetic acid, "Trichloroethy-
lene, "Dichloroacetate, Drug synergism, Ethylnitro-
sourea.
PB88-18S558/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Fluorometric Flow Injection Determination of
Aqueous Peroxides at Nanomolar Level Using
Membrane Reactors. Journal article.
Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock. Dept. of Chemistry and
Biochemistry.
H. Hwang, and P. K. Dasgupta. C1986,6p EPA/600/J-
86/456
Grant EPA-R-812366
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry 58, n7 p1521-1524 Jun
86. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences
Research Lab.
A flow injection system based on the p-hydroxphenyla-
cetate-peroxide-peroxidase reaction allows the simul-
taneous determination of H202 and CH3H02 at 50
samples/h with an LOD of 0.1 microgram/L (3 nM)
H202. A pressurized porous PTFE membrane reactor
introduces the enzyme and the pH of the flow stream is
altered by introducing NH3 through a nonporous
cation exchange membrane reactor. Excellent repro-
ducibility, precision, and sensitivity are achieved with
the membrane reactors and an inexpensive filter fluo-
rometer with a monochromatic excitation source. Low
levels of residual peroxide in water are found to be
ubiquitous, and such levels return soon after the H202
is catalytically removed. Light, ultrasonication and
amount of dissolved oxygen in water affect the rate
and plateau levels of H202 formation.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "Atmospheric compo-
sition, "Peroxidase, Trace elements, Fluorometers,
Membranes, Chemical reactors, Hydrogen peroxide,
Experimental data, Removal, Injection, Fluid flow, Re-
prints.
PB88-185566/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Norepinephrine Decreases EQF (Epidermal
Growth Factor) Binding in Primary Rat Hepato-
cyte Cultures. Journal article,
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC. Dept. of Pa-
thology,
J. L. Cruise, S. Cotecchia, and G. Michalopoulos.
C1986,8p EPA/600/J-86/455
Grant EPA-CR-811687
Pub. in Jnl. of Cellular Physiology, v127 p39-44 1986.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC., and National Institutes of
Health, Bethesda, MD.
Norepinephrine (NE) produced a dose-dependent inhi-
bition of 1251-epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding to
adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture. The effect was
maximal after 1 hour of incubation with NE and could
be blocked by the presence of an alpha 1 -specific ad-
renergic receptor antagonist. The inhibition of binding
correlates with the ability of NE to enhance hepatocyte
DNA synthesis in the presence of EGF and appears to
be mediated by a reduction of EGF receptor number,
without a significant change in receptor affinity. (Copy-
right (c) 1986 Alan R. Liss, Inc.)
Keywords: "Norepinephrine, Cells(Biology), Rats, Lab-
oratory animals, Reprints, "Epidermal growth factor-
Urogastrone, Receptors(Adrenergic), DNA, Phos-
phoinositides.
PB88-185574/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Partial Purification and Characterization of a He-
patocyte Growth Factor Produced by Rat Hepato-
cellular Carcinoma Cells. Journal article,
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC. Dept. of Pa-
thology.
N. C. Luetteke, and G. K. Michalopoulos. C1985,9p
EPA/600/J-85/524
Grant EPA-R-811687
Pub in Cancer Research, v45 p6331-6337 Dec 85.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC., and National Institutes of
Health, Bethesda, MD.
Serum-free medium conditioned by confluent cultures
of JM1 or JM2 rat hepatocellular carcinoma cells stim-
ulated DNA synthesis in primary cultures of adult rat
hepatocytes in a dose-dependent, saturable manner
and in the absence of epidermal growth factor. The he-
patotrophic activity was nondialyzable in Mr 50,000
cutoff membranes, heat (60C) and acid stable, and
sensitive to trypsin and dithiothreitol treatment. Gel fil-
tration of concentrated JM1 or JM2 conditioned
medium on Sephadex G-100 separated the activity
into two regions, the major broad peak migrating with
apparent Mr 25,000. Chromatography fractions active
in the hepatocyte proliferation bioassay also inhibited
specific binding of iodinated epidermal growth factor to
cultures of A431 carcinoma cells and rat hepatocytes.
These results suggest that neoplastic liver cells syn-
thesize and secrete polypeptide growth factors which
can bind to epidermal growth factor receptors and
stimulate proliferation of normal adult rat hepatocytes
in primary culture. (Copyright (c) Cancer Research Vol.
45, December 1985.)
Keywords: 'Liver neoplasms, "Growth, Rats, Deoxyri-
bonucleic acids, Biosynthesis, Malignant neoplasms,
Cytology, Cells(Biology), Reprints, "Growth sub-
stances, DNA, Epidermal growth factor-Urogastrone,
Carcinoma.
PB88-185582/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
Norepinephrine and Epidermal Growth Factor: Dy-
namics of Their Interaction in the Stimulation of
Hepatocyte DNA Synthesis. Journal article,
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC. Dept. of Pa-
thology.
J. L. Cruise, and G. Mechalopoulos. C1985,8p EPA/
600/J-85/525
Grant EPA-R-811687
Pub. in Jnl. of Cellular Physiology, v125 p45-50 1985.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC., and National Institutes of
Health, Bethesda, MD.
Primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes are stimulat-
ed to enter DNA synthesis by norepinephrine (NE).
This stimulation is maximal if the hepatocytes are incu-
bated with NE for more than 12 hr, beginning no later
than 2-4 hr after the cells are first plated. After 24 hr in
culture, hepatocytes are unresponsive to NE stimula-
tion. A strong synerergistic interaction between NE
and epidermal growth factor (EGF) may be observed in
cultures incubated with both EGF and NE, or pretreat-
ed with NE, then exposed to EGF. This interaction may
be related to the finding that NE, in similarity with other
factors that enhance EGF stimulation, reduces binding
at the EGF receptor during the first 24 hr in culture.
(Copyright (c) Alan R. Liss, Inc.)
Keywords: "Norepinephrine, Liver, Cells(Biology)
Deoxyribonucleic acid, Synthesis, Cultures(Biology)]
Stimulation, Reprints, Epidermal growth factor, Epitne^
lium.
PB88-185590/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
Proline is Required for the Stimulation of DNA
Synthesis in Hepatocyte Cultures by EGF (Epider-
mal Growth Factor). Journal article,
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC. Dept. of Pa-
thology.
K. A. Houck, and G. Michalopoulos. C1985,6p EPA/
600/J-85/523
Grant EPA-R-811687
Pub. in In vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology
v21 n2 p121 -124 Feb 85. Sponsored by Health Effects
Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC., and Na-
tional Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to
stimulate DNA synthesis in rat parenchymal hepato-
cytes both in vivo and in vitro (4,9). The authors report
here that this response in vitro is dependent on the
amino acids present in the media. Of all the amino
acids, proline has the strongest effect. The response
to EGF is absent without proline and none of theotlSer
amino acids can substitute for it. Added proline (1mM)
to the media caused the labeling index to increase
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
and insulin. In the presence of proline, small additional
increases of the EGF effect on DNA synthesis were
stimulated by phenylalanine and tyrosine. (Copyright
(c) 1985 Tissue Culture Association, Inc.)
Keywords: * Amino acids, Liver, Cells(Biology), Deoxyr-
ibonucleic acid, Synthesis, Replicating,
Cultures(Biology), Insulin, In vitro analysis, In vivo anal-
ysis, Stimulation, Reprints, Epidermal growth factor,
Epithelium, Proline.
PB88-185608/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Computer Aided Design of Diffused Aeration Sys-
tems. Rept. for Jan-Mar 88,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
L. A. Rossman, and J. A. Heidman. Mar 88,12p EPA/
600/D-88/056
CADDAS (Computer Aided Design of Diffused Aer-
ation Systems) is a microcomputer-based program
that analyzes the cost and performance of diffused
aeration used in activated sludge wastewater treat-
ment systems. The program can analyze both coarse
bubble and fine pore diffusers as well as detailed
blower configurations and operational strategies. For a
given set of hourly oxygen demands throughout the
year, diffuser performance characteristics, and blower
capacity/operational capability, CADDAS computes
hourly dissolved oxygen levels, air flow requirements,
and blower energy usage over each month of a multi-
year planning period. Special attention is paid to the ef-
fects of fine pore diffuser fouling on oxygen transfer ef-
ficiency and its restoration through cleaning. CADDAS
also computes the present worth costs of initial equip-
ment installation, monthly energy usage, annual rou-
tine maintenance, and periodic diffuser cleaning.
Keywords: 'Diffusers, "Aerators, "Sewage treatment,
"Activated sludge process, Computer programming,
Blowers, Performance evaluation, Bubbles, Biochemi-
cal oxygen demand, Equipment, Cost effectiveness,
Air flow, Fouling, Maintenance, Tables(Data), "Com-
puter aided design, Computer applications.
PB88-185616/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Data-Baaed Water Quality Information System,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
S Campbell, and J. Finkeldey. Mar 88,14p EPA/600/
D-88/055
Prepared in cooperation with Computer Sciences
Corp., Cincinnati, OH.
Various research activities conducted by the Drinking
Water Research Division of the U.S. EPA have result-
ed in the generation of extensive measurement data
pertaining to water quality. The data is useful for inves-
tigating tne performance and cost of drinking water
treatment process systems. In order to perform multi-
ple and/or extensive evaluations of this data, it was
necessary to develop a computer based information
retrieval system that would provide a consistent input
data format and the capability to manage, access and
report required information. The computer software re-
sulting from this effort has provided DWRD with an ef-
fective method for analyzing large amounts of field-
scale research data and providing ideas to upgrade
water quality.
Keywords: "Water treatment, "Sewage treatment, In-
formation retrieval, Performance evaluation, Cost anal-
ysis, Management, Data processing, Field tests, Cost
analysis, Computer programming, "Water quality data,
Drinking water, Computet applications.
PB8S-18S824/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Overview of Alternative Sewer Systems,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
J. F. Kreissl. Mar 88,15p* EPA/600/D-88/054
Each of the various types of alternative wastewater
collection systems is described in terms of its compo-
nent parts, design features, operation and mainte-
nance requirements and optimum application site con-
ditions. The relative popularity of these systems during
the past ten years in small U.S. communities under the
innovative/alternative (l/A) technology provisions of
the Federal Construction Grants Program is also dis-
cussed. along with potential explanations of relative
numbers of applications.
Keywords: "Combined sewers, "Sewers, Vacuum ap-
paratus, Gravity, Pressure, Design criteria, Acceptabil-
ity, Operations, Maintenance, Cost analysis, Alterna-
tive planning, Federal Construction Grants Program.
PB88-185632/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Improved Microbial, Volatile Solids, and COD
(Chemical Oxygen Demand) Reductions in an Au-
toheated Aerobic Digester,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
H. E. Bostian, A. D. Venosa, and J. H. Martin. Mar 88,
26p EPA/600/D-88/053
Prepared in cooperation with Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
The report is a summary of some of the work per-
formed by Cornell University in which modifications to
an aerobic digester permitted the digester to comply
with PSRP requirements in cold climates. The modifi-
cations included addition of an insulated cover to pre-
vent escape of the heat of oxidation to the atmosphere
and installation of better aeration equipment to im-
prove oxygen mass transfer from the air. When this
modified digester was operated in parallel with a con-
ventional digester, reductions in indicators and viruses
were significantly greater than in the conventional di-
gester.
Keywords:	"Aerobic	processes,
"Digestion(Decomposition), "Microorganisms, "Cold
fronts, Aeration, Heat transfer, Viruses, Oxygen, Dis-
solved gases, Mass transfer, Vaporizing, Soiid waste
disposal, Reduction, Indicator species, Climate, Chem-
ical oxygen demand.
PB88-185640/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Observations on Studies Useful to Asbestos 0
and M Activities. Technical paper,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. C. Wilmoth, T. J. Powers, and J. R. Millette. Mar 88,
28p
Prepared in cooperation with McCrone Environmental
Services, Inc., Norcross, GA.
Buildings that contain ACM (asbestos-containing-ma-
terials) may present unique problems for custodial
workers. The release of asbestos by aging and dete-
riorated ACM is known to be episodic, relating to a
myriad of factors such as activity within the area, vibra-
tion, temperature, humidity, airflow, use patterns, etc.
Hopefully, for the majority of buildings containing ACM,
fiber release is minimal. If a building contains asbestos
and releases occur, the custodial worker may be most
intensely affected over the long term. If a release
occurs, much of the asbestos will eventually settle and
attach to the surfaces of the rooms (walls, furnishings,
equipment, floors, and carpet). The preliminary analy-
sis of dusty environments is presented for the micro-
vac, Bonification, and passive air current sampling
methodologies.
Keywords: "Buildings, "Asbestos, "Air pollution, Age,
Releasing, Personnel, Settling, Floors, Walls, Dust,
Fibers, Environments.
PB88-185707/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Comparison of In vivo and In vitro Methods for
Assessing the Effects of Bromobenzene on the
Hepatic-Metabolizing Enzyme System. Journal arti-
cle.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. W. Chadwlck, M. F. Copeiand, G. P. Carlson, and B.
A. Trela. C1987,11 p EPA/600/J-87/299
Pub. in Toxicology Letters, v39 p93-100 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN.
School of Pharmacy and Pharmacal Sciences.
The effect of daily i.p. injections of 0,0.05,0.S and 5.0
mmol/kg bromobenzene for 1 week on the activity of
the hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme system was
measured in the rat by a model substrate assay em-
ploying lindane ( -hexachlorocyclohexane) and by a
battery of in vitro enzyme assays. The data in the study
indicated that repeated pretreatment with bromoben-
zene foi' 1 week stimulated a dose-related increase in
phase I reactions while inducing phasa II reactions at
the high dose (S mmol/kg bromobenzene). The in vivo
and in vitro assays showed good agreement. (Copy-
right (c) Toxicology Letters, Vol:39,1987.)
Keywords: "Bromo organic compounds, "Enzymes,
"Liver, Chlorobenzenes, Rats, In vitro analysis, In vivo
analysis, Reprints, "Bromobenzenes, "Benzene hex-
achloride, Lindane.
PB88-185723/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 7):
Minker/Stout/Romaine Creek - Stout Portion, Mis-
souri (Third Remedial Action), September 1987.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
28 Sep 87,21 p EPA/ROD/R07-87/008
See also PB85-214054.
The Stout portion of the Minker/Stout/Romaine Creek
site is located on West Swaller Road near Imperial,
Missouri, approximately 20 miles southwest of St.
Louis. The Stout portion consists of five private proper-
ties, three of which have been purchased by EPA as
part of a permanent relocation of area residents. In the
late 1960s and early 1970s, southwest Missouri chemi-
cal plant producing 2,4.5-1 and hexachlorophene con-
tracted a waste oil reclaimer to remove process resi-
dues. These residues, contaminated with 2,3,7,8-te-
trachlordibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), were mixed with
waste oils and sprayed as a dust suppressant on a
nearby horse arena. In March of 1983, the horse arena
owner had the contaminated soils removed to various
portions of the Minker/Stout/Romaine Creek site. Ap-
proximately 700 cubic yards of the soil was used as fill
in the Stout area, near two mobile home pads. In 1982,
EPA sampling revealed high concentrations of TCDD
in onsite soils. Later that year, three of the five proper-
ties making up the Stout portion were purchased by
EPA and the residents were permanently relocated.
No removal of contaminated soil has been performed
to date. The primary contaminant of concern is dioxin.
Keywords: "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, "Superfund program, 'Remedial ac-
tions, "Record of decision, "Soil, Dioxin.
PB86-185731/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Northern Engraving Corporation, Sparta, Wiscon-
sin (First Remedial Action), September 1987. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
28 Sep 87,63p EPA/ROD/R05-87/057
The Northern Engraving Corporation (NEC), located in
Sparta, Wisconsin, presently owns and operates a
manufacturing facility at the site, which produces metal
name plates, dials and decorative trim for the automo-
tive industry. The majority of the land within the Sparta
area is zoned for general agriculture which includes
livestock raising, nursery, greenhouse and poultry
farming. Four separate areas of contamination at the
NEC facility have been identified as potential sources
of soil, ground water and surface water contamination.
They include the sludge lagoon, seepage pit, sludge
dump site and lagoon drainage ditch. The chemical
constituents found in these areas are from past
wastewater treatment and disposal practices em-
ployed at the site. Since the 1960s waste rinse waters
and by-products of the metal finishing process have
been treated onsite. An onsite wastewater treatment
lagoon was installed in 1967. Rinse water from the
plant was collected and treated with sodium hydroxide
for precipitation to metal hydroxide solids. The treated
rinse water was discharged to the sludge lagoon to
allow solids to settle. The treated lagoon effluent was
discharged to the LaCrosse River by way of a storm
drainage ditch.
Keywords: "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Metals, "Superfund program, "Reme-
dial actions, "Record of decision, "TCE, Inorganics.
PB88-185749/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4): In-
dependent Nail Company, Beaufort, South Caroli-
na (First Remedial Action), September 1987. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
28 Sep 87,63p EPA/ ROD/ R04-87/030
The Independent Nail Company site, occupying 24.6
acres, is located near Beaufort, South Carolina. Land
use in the vicinity of the site is a combination of fields,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
woodlands and wetlands. Endangered and threatened
species may occur within the area of influence of the
site, although habitation has not been confirmed. The
previous owners of the site, the Blake and Johnson
Company, manufactured metallic screws and fasten-
ers. In part of the manufacturing process, the company
discharged approximately 33,000 gallons per day of
plating wastewater into an unlined infiltration lagoon.
The lagoon was in use from approximately 1969 to
1980. The South Carolina Department of Health and
Environmental Control (SCDHEC) reported that the
wastewater contained some organic cleaning sol-
vents, phosphate, cyanide, chromium, cadmium, lead,
mercuiy, nickel, zinc, copper and iron. In April 1980 the
Blake and Johnson Company ceased operation. Two
months later the Independent Nail Company pur-
chased the plant. They currently operate a paneling
nail coating process at the plant, but do not discharge
any wastewater to the lagoon. The primary contami-
nants of concern to the soil and sediment include: cad-
mium, chromium, nickel and zinc.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial ac-
tions, "Record of decision, Chromium, "Heavy
metals.
PB88-18575S/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Katonah Municipal Well, Bedford, New York (First
Remedial Action), September 1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
25 Sep 87,43p EPA/ROD/R02-87/047
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Katonah Municipal Well site is located in the Vil-
lage of Katonah in the Town of Bedford, Westchester
County, New York. The well is situated on a peninsula
owned by the City of New York that extends into the
Muscoot Reservoir. In 1978 the Westchester County
Department of Health (WCDH), acting on Putnam
County Health Department findings, sampled the Ka-
tonah well and other local wells for contamination.
These samples revealed the presence of tetrachlor-
oethylene (PCE) and other VOCs in the well water.
These contaminants were traced to a local septic
waste collector who was disposing of wastes taken
from several Katonah dry cleaning establishments. In
1978 the Katonah well was closed and source control
measures were initiated requiring dry cleaning estab-
lishments to pump out their septic systems and modify
solvent disposal techniques. Initial attempts by WCDH
and the Town of Bedford to remove contamination
from the affected aquifer failed. The primary contami-
nant of concern affecting the ground water is PCE.
Keywords: "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, 'Superfund program, "Remedial ac-
tions, 'Record of decision, "PCE, "TCE.
PB88-185764/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Vega Alta Public Supply Wells, Puerto Rico (First
Remedial Action), September 1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
29 Sep 87,82p EPA/ROD/R02-87/050
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Vega Alta Public Supply Wells site is a public
water supply well field located in the municipality of
Vega Alta, Puerto Rico, approximately 32 km west of
San Juan where ground water is the primary source of
water. The well field consists of eight active wells. It
currently supplies about 3.8 million gallons per day of
water to Vega Alta and surrounding residential areas.
The Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority
(PRASA) is responsible for operation and maintenance
of the public water supply system. The first indication
of contamination was discovered in June 1983, when a
survey of public water wells made by the U.S. Geologi-
cal Survey detected 574 ug/1 of trichloroetbylene
(TCE) in the Ponderosa public supply well. Other VOCs
were detected at lower concentrations in non-public
wells in the well field system and ground water con-
tamination was suspected. In June and August of 1983
Ponderosa and well GE 1 were shut down by PRASA
because of contamination, respectively. This shut
down caused a potential water supply shortage in
Veaa Alta. PRASA constructed well Bajura 3 to elimi-
nate the shortage. In 1984 an air stripper was con-
structed at the Ponderosa well and operated until May
1985 when technical problems arose with the air strip-
1042 Vol. 90, No. 24
per. Currently, ground water is contaminated with
1,1,1-trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene, 1,2-dichlor-
oethene, 1,1 -dichloroethene and other VOCs.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial ac-
tions, 'Record of decision, 'VOCS, *PCE, *TCE.
PB88-185772/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Endicott Village Well Field, Broome County, New
York (First Remedial Action), September 1987.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
25 Sep 87,41 p EPA/ROD/R02-87/048
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Endicott Village Well Field site is located in Endi-
cott Village, Broome County, New York, the site con-
sists of aRanney well and its zone of influence on area
ground water. Landfills and industrial tracts of land are
located to the northwest and west of the study area in-
cluding the Endicott Landfill, identified as the probable
source of contamination. In the 1950s the Ranney Well
Collector Corporation developed the well comprising
the site for use by the Village of Endicott. After a May
1981 chemical spill nearby, the well was sampled and
found to contain vinyl chloride and trace amounts of
other VOCs. Remedial actions undertaken by the Endi-
cott Public Works Department included sampling and
eventual closing of radial discharges from the Ranney
well. Additionally, an aeration system was installed in
the well to reduce vinyl chloride levels. Subsequent ac-
tions undertaken included the installation of monitoring
wells and a purge well between the Ranney well and
the Endicott Landfill. Further studies are currently
being conducted to determine the source of contami-
nation and to develop final aquifer restoration alterna-
tives. The studies will be addressed in a subsequent
Record of Decision. The primary contaminants of con-
cern include; vinyl chloride and other VOCs.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, "Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, "Superfund program, 'Remedial ac-
tions, 'Record of decision, "VOCs, 'Vinyl chloride.
PB88-185780/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2);
Renora Inc., Middlesex County, New Jersey (First
Remedial Action), September 1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
29 Sep 87,93p EPA/ROD/R02-87/051
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Renora Inc. site, in Middlesex County, New
Jersey, occupies a one-acre parcel of land in an area
zoned for light industrial use. Within 2,000 feet of the
site is a residential area with a nursery school, a senior
citizens center and an apartment complex. The site
consists of relatively flat land built up from a 100-year
flood plain with three to twelve feet of demolition
debris. From 1978 to 1982 Renora, Inc., certified as a
collector/hauler of waste oils, transported and accept-
ed materials containing hazardous substances for
transfer, storage, blending and ultimately, disposal
through abandonment at the site. State and local in-
spection reports indicate that the site was poorly main-
tained throughout the period of its operation. In July
1978 the New Jersey Department of Environmental
Protection (IMJDEP) detected several minor spills and
determined that Renora, Inc. was acting as a Special
Waste Transfer Station without proper registration.
Subsequently Renora was ordered to remove all con-
taminated soil and drums. In May 1979 drums were
leaking on the property.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, 'Superfund program, "Remedial ac-
tions, 'Record of decision, 'VOCs, *PCBs, "PCEs,
*PAHs.
PB88-185798/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Kane and Lombard Site, Baltimore, Maryland
(First Remedial Action), September 1987. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 87,69p EP A/ ROD/ R03-87/038
Portions of this documentare not fully legible.
The Kane and Lombard site is an 8.4-acre parcel of un-
developed land in Baltimore, Maryland. Dumping and
burning of construction debris, domestic trash and
drums occurred at the site from 1962 until 1967 when
the city passed an ordinance prohibiting the open
burning of refuse. Illegal dumping continued from 1967
until approximately 1984, during which time many cita-
tions were issued for illegal burning on the property. In
1980, Maryland State inspectors observed between
400 and 500 drums, the majority of which were rusted,
damaged and contained holes. Following an onsite
property assessment, EPA authorized the immediate
removal of 1,163 drums in 1984. Of those, 822 drums
were classified as empty and 341 drums contained
contaminants which included: benzene, toluene,
xylene, PAHs, PCBs and heavy metals. Approximately
six inches of soil below the drums were removed and
disposed offsite. The site was stabilized by regrading
capping and revegetation. Currently soil and ground
water are contaminated with these prior drum contami-
nants.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials
'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, 'Superfund program, "Remedial ac-
tions, "Record of decision, Volatile organic com-
pounds, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Heavy metals, Po-
lyaromatic hydrocarbons.
PB88-185830/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
There Is No Away: An Interdisciplinary Confer-
ence on Waste Reduction, Reuse, and Disposal
Alternatives. Proceedings. Final rept. 1 Jun 85-31
Mar 87,
Legal Environmental Assistance Foundation, Tallahas-
see, FL.
C. Valencic. cMar 87,225p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, At-
lanta, GA. Region IV.
In order to promote sound management of waste in
Florida and in other states, the Legal Environmental
Assistance Foundation (LEAF) undertook a three-part
project to discuss solutions to hazardous waste man-
agement problems. The first part of the project in-
volved the development of a model hazardous waste
collection and transfer system in Florida. The second
part of the project involved a conference held for the
purpose of developing cooperative solutions for haz-
ardous waste problems. The final part of the project in-
volved a conference for promoting a comprehensive
approach to solving Florida's waste problem. (Copy-
right (c) 1987 by the Legal Environmental Assistance
Foundation.)
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Waste disposal,
Florida, Waste treatment, Solid waste disposal, Circu-
lation, Earth fills, Composts, Municipalities, inciner-
ators, Refuse disposal, Recycling, Sanitary landfills
'Hazardous wastes, Toxic materials, Chemicai
wastes, Waste management, Municipal solid waste
PB88-185871/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Lake Michigan Water Quality Report, 1986.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
Feb 88,140p IEPA/WPC/88-015
See also PB84-167667.Portions of this document are
not fully legible. Prepared in cooperation with Chicago
Dept. of Water, IL. Water Quality Surveillance Section.
The Great Lakes system is usually considered to be
the largest (95,000 square miles) source of fresh sur-
face water in the world, with the exception of the polar
ice caps. Lake Michigan is the third largest of all the
Great Lakes in area and it is the largest body of fresh
water entirely within the boundaries of the United
States. As a natural resource of immeasurable value
Lake Michigan serves a broad spectrum of purposes It
provides drinking water for an estimated five million
residents in the northeastern Illinois area. Its recre-
ational opportunities attract fishing, boating, swimmina
and other water-oriented interests. The lake also
serves as an avenue for domestic and international
water-borne commerce. Industry and commerce have
grown and developed giving the greater Chicago met
ropolitan area one of the largest industrial-commercial
complexes in the United States. Consequently, some
of Lake Michigan's water quality problems result from
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Lake Michigan, History,
Potable water, Populations, Fishing, Swimming, Indus-
trial wastes, Water transportation, Boundaries, United
States, "Water quality data, Drinking water.
PB88-185921/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Approach for Development of Structure-Biode-
radation Relationships of Organic Chemicals,
nvironmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
G. J. Niemi, and G. D. Veith. Mar 88,25p* EPA/600/D-
88/047
Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Univ.-Duluth.
The study presents a strategy for evaluation of biode-
gradability of chemicals which involves a combination
of structure-biodegradation relationships (SBR) and
laboratory testing arranged in a four-tier hierarchy. The
first tier involves a search of a data base on biodegra-
dation information. Each subsequent tier consists of a
query of potential SBR for the chemical or an experi-
mental laboratory test of the chemical using a tier-spe-
cific procedure. The approach satisfies the critical
need to develop a systematic reference data base on
biodegradation endpoints for existing and new chemi-
cals, incorporates the metabolites of biodegradation
into the process, and provides an economical means
to evaluate chemical biodegradation.
Keywords: "Biodeterioration, "Organic compounds,
Decomposition, Aquatic microbiology, Water chemis-
try. Microbiology, Chemical composition, Organic
chemistry, "Biodegradation, Metabolites.
PB88-186101/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Municipal Wastewater Sludge Combustion Tech-
nology. Seminar pub.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
Sep 85,190p* EPA/625/4-85/015
SeealsoPB88-l86H9.
The publication describes and evaluates the various
municipal sludge combustion systems. It also empha-
sizes the necessity for considering and evaluating the
costs involved in the total sludge management train,
including dewatering, combustion, air pollution control,
and ash disposal processes. It is intended to supple-
ment but not replace EPA technology transfer publica-
tions on sludge treatment and disposal, dewatering
municipal wastewater sludges, municipal sludge land-
fills, and land application of municipal sludge. It also
answers questions that have been raised about incin-
eration as a means of processing sludge solids for ulti-
mate disposal and presents factual answers supported
by case histories, the primary objectives of the docu-
ment are: (1) to assess the current status of municipal
sludge combustion technology as to performance of
in-place systems, environmental concerns, and regula-
tory agency viewpoints; (2) to determine what needs to
be done to make municipal sludge combustion more
economical, including upgrading the performance of
present and future systems; (3) to discuss technology
in the R and D stage.
Keywords: "Waste water, "Sludge, "Combustion, "Mu-
nicipal engineering, Sludge disposal, Dewatering,
Technology assessment, Meetings, Reprints, "Munici-
pal sludge, Sludge treatment, Incineration.
PB8S-186119/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Composting of Municipal Wastewater Sludges.
Seminar pub.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
Aug 85, 75p EPA/625/4-85/014
See also PB88-186101.
The seminar publication provides practical information
on current methods of composting municipal
wastewater sludges. It is intended for government and
private sector individuals involved in the planning,
design, and operation of municipal sludge treatment
and disposal systems. Chapter 1 presents general
principles of the composting process and system
design. Chapters 2 and 3 discuss in depth the experi-
ences at the Dickerson, Western Branch, and Site II
static pile composting operations in Maryland and at
the windrow operation In Los Angeles County. In-
vessel composting is reviewed in Chapter 4. Chapter 5
discusses current and proposed regulations and
guidelines that pertain to sludge composting. The pub-
lication is not a design manual nor does it include all
the latest knowledge about composting.
Keywords: "Waste water, "Sludge, "Composts, "Mu-
nicipal engineering, Sludge disposal, Meetings, Re-
prints, "Municipal sludge, "Composting, Sludge treat-
ment.
PB88-186689/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Detection of Human Lung Epithelia Cell Growth
Factors Produced by a Lung Carcinoma Cell Line:
Use in Culture of Primary Solid Lung Tumors.
Journal article,
Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
J. M. Siegfried. C1987,10p EPA/600/J-87/252
Pub. in Cancer Research, v47 p2903-2910, 1 Jun 87.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Serum-free medium conditioned for 72 h by a human
undifferentiated adenocarcinoma of lung, Cal u 6, stim-
ulated the colony formation of normal human bronchial
epithelial cells, newly cultured cells from human solid
lung tumors, and established human lung tumor cell
lines, including Cal u 6 cells themselves. The activity
was concentration dependent and was stable to acid.
Growth factors in Cal u 6 conditioned medium support-
ed culture of solid lung tumors; primary cell cultures
were obtained from 9 out of 10 solid lung tumors of
non-small cell origin and from 1 small cell tumor using
Cal u 6 conditioned medium. In addition, 2 cell lines
have been established to date from these primary cul-
tures. Gel filtration of concentrated Cal u 6 conditioned
medium on Biogel P-10 separated the growth promot-
ing activity into 4 regions. The results suggest that au-
tocrine factors maybe important in non-small cell lung
tumor cell growth and that differences in response to
EGF and TGF varies as may provide the basis for se-
lective culturing of normal and neoplastic lung epithe-
lial cells.
Keywords: "Cell division, "Tumors, "Malignant neo-
plasms, Detection, Humans, Epithelium, Culture
media, In vitro analysis, Growth, Acids, Stability, Gels,
Filtration, Response, Test methods, Stimulation, Re-
prints, Biogel.
PB88-186705/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Low Flow Rate Laboratory Feeders for Agglomer-
ative Particles. Journal article,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
B. K. Gullett, and G. R. Gillis. 1987,7p EPA/600/J-87/
281
Contract EPA-68-02-3988
Pub. in Powder Technology 52, p257-260 1987. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Re-
search Lab.
The paper describes two particle feeders (fluidizing
and entrainment): one was developed by modifying a
design used for coal dust suspensions, and the other
was developed later in response to shortcomings of
the initial system. The two feeders were tested and
compared for their performance at feeding Ca(OH)2
sorbents. The development and operation of a particle
feeder for laboratory-scale, gas/solid-flow reactors is
crucial in many research efforts. On this small scale, it
is particularly difficult to feed particles at high mass
rates without quantities of carrier gas that disrupt the
operation of the reactor. These problems have been
encountered in research programs involving the injec-
tion of limestone-based sorbents into utility boilers for
the removal of S02. The injection systems for these
reactors must be designed to minimize the effects of
the sorbent carrier gas upon the simulated utility boiler
environment.
Keywords: "Sorbents, "Calcium hydroxides, "Chemi-
cal reactors, "Feeders, "Particles, *Air pollution con-
trol, Laboratory equipment, Flow rate, Limestone, Ag-
glomeration, Removal, Flue gases, Sulfur dioxide, In-
jection, Design criteria, Boilers, Reprints, Low flow.
PB88-186754/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Regulations and Technology: Use
and Disposal of Municipal Wastewater Sludgs.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
Sep 84, 83p EPA/625/10-84/003
The document describes the five major sludge use/
disposal options currently available-land application,
distribution and marketing of sludge products, land-fill-
ing, incineration, and ocean disposal-and factors influ-
encing their selection and implementation. It also pro-
vides an initial framework for evaluating sludge use/
disposal alternatives, and describes accepted and
proven use/disposal technologies and Federal regula-
tions pertinent to sludge management.
Keywords: "Sludge disposal, "Waste water, "Munici-
palities, Regulations, Sludge, Earth fills, Incinerators,
Oceans, Land reclamation, Sewage, Composts, Clean
Water Act, Recycling.
PB88-186762/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Comparison between Zeeman and Continuum
Background Correction for Graphite Furnace AAS
on Environmental Samples. Journal article,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
V. A. Letourneau, B. M. Joshi, and L. C. Butler. c1987,
8p EPA/600/J-87/315
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
Pub. in Atomic Spectroscopy, v8 n5 Sep-Oct 87. Spon-
sored by Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
A comparison study was carried out to evaluate the
two most commonly used background correction tech-
niques in furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy, the
Zeeman effect and continuum source background cor-
rection. Synthetic sample matrices were prepared con-
sisting of the most frequently determined furnace ele-
ments in environmental waste samples. Arsenic, sele-
nium, thallium, lead, and antimony were determined in
high concentration matrices of aluminum, iron, sodium,
potassium, calcium, magnesium, titanium, and phos-
phorus, furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy by
using the Zeeman and continuum lamp background
correction techniques. The results of the study showed
that with identical instrumentation, the Zeeman effect
background correction technique provided interfer-
ence-free analysis in most cases where the continuum
source background correction technique failed to cor-
rect structured backgrounds.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Metals, "Furnaces,
"Pollution, Background noise, Trace elements,
Concentration(Composition), Atomic spectroscopy.
Arsenic, Selenium, Thallium, Lead(Metal), Antimony,
Zeeman effect, Corrections, Continuous spectra.
Tests, Reprints.
PB88-186770/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Decision Model for Considering In-House and Ex-
tramural Funding Decisions. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
C. B. Oldham, G. Ege, andC. T. Ripberger. C1987,11p
EPA/600/J-87/307
Pub. in Project Management (Jnl.), v8 n5 p75-83 Dec
87. Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina State
Univ. at Raleigh. Dept. of Industrial Engineering.
The paper gives results of the first year of a 3-year
project that addresses questions regarding the appro-
priate mix of in-house and extramural efforts in re-
search and development activities In government or-
ganizations. The research identifies factors or criteria
involved in such decisions and provides a framework
within which to evaluate the many issues involved. The
preliminary model developed during the first year in-
cludes both qualitative and quantitative factors, vari-
ous operating conditions, and organizational policy.
The model was developed and tested with an EPA re-
search and development laboratory, but with the goal
of making it generic enough to be easily adapted to
other government organizations. In the second and
third years of the project, the model will be expanded
to a decision support system with interfaces to a re-
source allocation system. The development and test-
ing of the expanded model will involve two additional
federal government organizations. (Copyright (c)
Project Management 1987.)
Keywords: "Decision making, "Mathematical models,
Research, Development, Project management, Crite-
ria, Tests, Reprints, Models, Organization effective-
ness, Federal agencies, Government agencies.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-186788/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Accumulation and Retention of No. 2 Fuel Oil
Compounds in the Blue Crab, 'Callinectes sapi-
dus' Rathbun. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, Rl.
B. D. Melzian, and J. Lake. 1987, 35p EPA/600/J-87/
304
Pub. in Oil and Chemical Pollution 3, n5 p367-399
1986/87.
In order to determine if Blue Crabs (Callinectes sapi-
dus) can bioaccumulate and retain complex mixtures
of petroleum hydrocarbons, adult crabs were exposed
for 14 days or 30-35 days in continuous flow-through
seawater systems to three sublethal concentrations,
nominally 0.00 (control), 0.01, or 1.0 ppm (mg/liter), of
the water-accomodated fraction (WAF) of Number
(No.) 2 fuel oil. Crabs exposed for 14 days were subse-
quently exposed to clean running seawater for a 30
day 'depuration' period. Gill, hepatopancreas, and
muscle tissue samples were collected from control,
WAF exposed, and 'depurated' crabs and analyzed by
gas chromatography and/or gas chomatography-
mass spectrometry. No. 2 fuel oil compounds were not
detected in any of the tissues of the control crabs.
Trace amounts of fuel oil compounds were detected in
gill and hepatopancreas tissues collected from crabs
exposed to the 0.01 ppm WAF and no fuel oil com-
pounds were detected in muscle tissues. All tissues of
crabs exposed to the 1.0 ppm WAF accumulated No. 2
fuel oil compounds and considerable amounts re-
mained in hepatopancreas and gill tissues following
depuration for 30 days in clean seawater.
Keywords: *Crabs, "Fuel oil, Accumulation, Hydrocar-
bons, Oil pollution, Tissues(Biology), Gas chromatog-
raphy, Mass spectroscopy, "Bioaccumuiation.
PB88-186796/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Studies on the Potent Bacterial Mutagen, 3-
Chloro-4-(Dichloromethyl)-5-Hydroxy-2(5'H')-
Furanone: Aqueous Stability, XAD Recovery and
Analytical Determination in Drinking Water and in
Chlorinated Humlc Acid Solutions. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH. Toxicol-
ogy and Microbiology Div.
C1987,13p EPA/600/J-87/305
Pub. in Mutation Research, v189 n4 p363-373 Dec 87.
Prepared in cooperation with Cincinnati Univ., OH.
Dept. of Chemistry.
3-chloro.4.(dichloromethyl).5.hydroxy.2(5H).furanone
(MX) was detected by gas chromatography/mass
spectrometry in drinking water samples from three lo-
cations in the United States, and also in a chlorinated
humic acid solution. MX appears to account for a sig-
nificant proportion of the mutagenicity of these sam-
ples, as measured in the Ames test using strain TA100
without metabolic activation. Studies on recovery of
MX from spiked water samples by XAD-2/8 resin ad-
sorption/acetone elution indicated that sample acidifi-
cation prior to resin adsorption was essential to the ef-
fective recovery of MX. The stability of MX in aqueous
solution was pH- and temperature-dependent. Overall,
these results suggest that MX is formed during water
chlorination as a result of reaction of chlorine with
humic substances, and that a substantial fraction of
the MX formed is likely to persist throughout the distri-
bution system.
Keywords: "Mutagens, "Furans, "Potable water,
"Water pollution, Humic acids, Contaminants, Water
supply, Chlorination, Salmonella typhimurium, Gas
chromatography, Mass spectroscopy, Toxicology, Pol-
ystyrene, Reprints, Furanone/chloro-(dichloro-
methyl)-hydroxy.
PB88-186804/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Dynamic Modeling of a Pilot-Scale Fluidized-Bed
Coal Gasification Reactor. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
R R. Rhinehart, R. M. Felder, and J. K. Ferrell. C1987,
10p EPA/600/J-87/306
Pub. in Industrial Chemistry Engineering Research 26,
p738-745 1987. Prepared in cooperation with North
Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. Dept. of Chemical En-
gineering.
The paper describes a dynamic mathematical model of
a pressurized fluidized-bed coal gasification reactor,
developed and used to correlate data from a pitot-
scale reactor. The model accounts for pyrolysis, ora-
tion, char gasification and subsequent gas-phase reac-
1044 Vol. 90, No. 24
tions, fines elutriation, and heat losses from the reac-
tor, and simulates both transient and steady-state op-
eration. If the values of three model parameters are
adjusted to fit data obtained during steady state oper-
ation, the model yields good predictions of 11 reactor
state variables and dynamic response to an upset in
operating conditions, and so provides an excellent
basis for adaptive supervisory control of the reactor.
(Copyright (c) 1987 American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: "Coal gasification, "Mathematical models,
Air pollution. Coal, Pyrolysis, Oxidation, Elutriation, Flu-
idized-bed processing. Heat loss, Reprints, Air pollu-
tion control, Pollution control, Stationary sources.
PB88-186812/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluating Multicomponent Competitive Adsorp-
tion in Fixed Beds. Journal article,
Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton. Dept. of Civil
Engineering.
J. C. Crittenden, T. F. Speth, D. W. Hand, P. J. Luft, and
B. Lykens. C1987,16p EPA/600/J-87/300
Grant EPA-R-811150-01
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Engineering, v113 n6
p1363-1375 Dec 87. Prepared in cooperation with
Westvaco Corp., Covington, VA. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water
Engineering Research Lab.
An equilibrium column model (ECM) was developed to
evaluate multicomponent competition in fixed-bed ad-
sorption columns. The model ignores mass transfer re-
sistances and uses ideal adsorbed solution theory to
predict the competitive effects in multicomponent mix-
tures. The bed capacities and effluent profiles that
were calculated from the ECM were compared to
single solute capacities, and capacities and effluent
profiles found from a pilot plant study. The ECM was
shown to be able to calculate the elution order of the
adsorbates, the lowest carbon usage rate in multicom-
ponent mixtures, and the highest possible effluent
concentrations due to competitive adsorption. Also,
the ECM can be used to reduce the number of compo-
nents to be specified in models that incorporate mass
transfer and to select compounds that are used in
spiking studies. (Copyright (c) ASCE.)
Keywords: *Columns(Process engineering), "Adsorp-
tion, *Beds(Process engineering), Mathematical
models, Effluents, Elution, Carbon, Organic com-
pounds, Process control, Equilibrium methods, Re-
prints.
PB88-166B20/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Bromacil and Diuron Herbicides: Toxicity, Uptake,
and Elimination in Freshwater Fish. Journal article,
Wisconsin Univ.-Superior. Center for Lake Superior
Environmental Studies.
C1987, 9p EPA/600/J-87/301
Grants EPA-R-806196-01, EPA-R-880020-01
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 16, p607-613 Sep 87. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
LC50 values for 30-day old fathead minnows (Pime-
phales promelas) exposed to bromacil were 185,183,
182, and 167 mg/l at 24, 48, 96, and 168 hr, respec-
tively; and for exposure to diuron were 23.3,19.9,14.2,
and 7.7 mg/l at 24,48, 96, and 192 hr, respectively. In
early life-stage exposures, it was not possible to deter-
mine a 'no effect' concentration for bromacil, as
growth was reduced at the lowest exposure of 1.0 mg/
I. The 'no effect' concentration for diuron was 33.4 mi-
crograms/L following a 64-day exposure, while a con-
centration of 78.0 micrograms/l adversely affected fry
in their appearance and survival. It also affected the
survival of juvenile fish. Neither herbicide accumulated
significantly in fish tissue. Rainbow trout (Salmo gaird-
neri) injected with radiolabeled bromacil or diuron
eliminated over 90% of the radioactivity within 24 hr.
Metabolites of diuron included 3,4-dichloroaniline and
several demethylated products. (Copyright (c) 1987
Springer-Verlag New York Inc.)
Keywords: "Herbicides, "Toxicity, "Minnows, "Trout,
"Water pollution, Exposure, Survival, Life cycles,
Tissues(Biology), Chlorine organic compounds, Ani-
lines, Metabolism, Reprints, Pimephales promelas,
"Salmo gairdneri, Diuron, Bromacil, LC50.
PB88-186838/HSU	PC A02/MF AOI
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Toxicity of 3,4-Dlchioroaniline to Fathead Min-
nows, 'Pimephales promelas', In Acute and Early
Life-Stage Exposures. Journal article,
Wisconsin Univ.-Superior. Center for Lake Superior
Environmental Studies.
D. J. Call, S. H. Poirier, M. L. Knuth, S. L. Harting, and
C. A. Lindberg. c1987, 9p EPA/600/J-87/302
Grants EPA-R-809234, EPA-R-811590
Pub. in Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 38, p352-358
Feb 87. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab -
Duluth, MN.
Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were ex-
posed to 3,4-dichloroaniline in three acute exposures
and two early life-stage exposures. Mean LC50's were
10.8, 9.37, and 7.58 mg/l at 24, 48, and 96 hr, respec-
tively. In the first early life-stage test, control fish were
smaller than fish exposed to 15.1 micrograms/l 3,4-
dichloroaniline, and due to their smaller size, the Maxi-
mum Acceptable Toxicant Concentration (MATC) was
between 15.1 and 26.0 micrograms/l. In the second
early life-stage test, in which control fish were larger, a
concentration of 5.10 micrograms caused no observed
adverse effects while a concentration of 7.10 micro-
grams/l resulted in reduced growth. (Copyright (c)
1987 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.)
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Minnows, "Herbicides, "Water
pollution, Exposure, Life cycles, Anilines, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Concentration(Composition),
Growth, Biodeterioration, Industrial wastes, Dyes,
Tests, Reprints, "Aniline, Dichloro, "Pimephales pro-
melas, Fathead minnows.
PB88-186846/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Interiaboratory Comparison of Formaldehyde
Emissions from Partlcleboard Underlayment In
Small-Scale Environmental Chambers. Journal arti-
cle,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
T. G. Matthews, D. L. Wilson, A. J. Thompson, M. A.
Mason, and S. N. Bailey. c1987,9p EPA/600/J-87/
303
Contracts EPA-68-02-3988, DE-AC05-840R21400
Pub. in JAPCA, v37 p1320-1326 1987. Prepared in co-
operation with Oak Ridge National Lab., TN. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Re-
search Lab., Department of Energy, Washington, DC.,
and Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., Oak Ridge!
The paper gives results of measurements of formalde-
hyde (CH20) emissions from particleboard underlay-
ment in 0,17 and 0.2 cu m chambers at separate lab-
oratories to test the comparability of small scale envi-
ronmental chamber measurements under different
ventilation and product loading conditions. Absolute
CH20 calibration was established through inter-
method comparison of different monitoring techniques
against a CH20 generation apparatus. Interiaboratory
precision was enhanced via co-calibration of each tab-
oratory's CH20 colorimetric analyzer against the same
blank and bi-level generation source at the beginning
and end of the study. The results show excellent inter-
method and interiaboratory agreement in both the
CH20 calibration and particleboard emissions testing
The CH20 emission rates of the test specimens dem-
onstrate a Fick's Law dependence on CH20 vapor
concentration. Measured CH20 concentrations are
described by a single-compartment, single-emitter
model, and are inversely proportional to the ratio of the
air exchange rate and product loading. (Copyright (c)
1987 JAPCA.)
Keywords: "Formaldehyde, "Emissions, 'Particle
boards, Measurement, Calorimetric analysis, Test
chambers, Ventilation, Loading, Reprints, Indoor air
pollution, Air quality, Pollution control, Stationary
sources.	'
PB88-186929/HSU	pq A03
Great Lakes: An Environmental Attas and b.
source Book,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL Groat
Lakes National Program Office.	w
L. Botts, and B. Krushelnicki. 1987,50p EPA/905/O.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Prepared in cooperation with Department of the Envi-
ronment, Ottawa (Ontario), Brock Univ., St, Catharines
(Ontario), and Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL.
Center for Urban Affairs and Policy Research.
Contents: Introduction: The Great Lakes; Natural proc-
esses in the Great Lakes; People and the Great Lakes;
The Great Lakes today; Concerns; Joint management
of the Great Lakes; The future of the Great Lakes.
Keywords: 'Atlases, 'Ecology, "Pollution, "Great
Lakes, Land use, History, Industries, Runoff, Climate,
Ground water, Populations, Demography, Hydrological
cycle, Toxicity, International law, Boundaries, Treaties,
Water pollution control, Fisheries, Economic forecast-
ing, Eutrophication, 'Ecosystems, Path of pollutants,
Water levels.
PB88-188263/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
NW 58th Street Landfill, Dade County, Florida,
September 1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
21 Sep 87,43p EPA/ROD/R04-87/027
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Northwest 58th Street Landfill, one of three NPL
sites that comprise the Biscayne Aquifer Superfund
Study, is a one-square-mile site in northwest Dade
County, Florida, which is bordered by a rock pit oper-
ation and a resource recovery plant. The site is located
in an area where the ground water table is two to three
feet below the ground surface. From 1952 to 1982, the
site operated as a municipal landfill receiving approxi-
mately 60,000 tons of waste in 1952 and increasing
annually over the thirty years of operation to over
1,000,000 tons per year in the 1980s. Small quantities
of hazardous materials from households (e.g., pesti-
cides, paints, solvents, etc.) was considered to be mu-
nicipal waste and also disposed of at the landfill. In
1975, the landfill operation initiated a program of pro-
viding daily cover to the site; however, prior to this, the
operation did not compact wastes or add daily cover.
As a result of earlier practices, the landfill is believed to
be saturated with water so that the earlier practices,
the landfill is believed to be saturated with water so
that the volume of rainfall entering the land equals the
volume of ieachate released. Since October 1982, the
landfill has only received debris, quarry wastes an
water paint sludges.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'waste disposal. Site surveys, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Inorganic compounds, 'Superfund
program, 'Remedial actions, "Record of decision.
Volatile organic compounds, PCE, TCE.
PB88-188586/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Intensive Survey of the Fox River Basin from the
Wisconsin State Line to Ottawa, Illinois, 1982.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
Dec 87,113p IEPA/WPC/88-003
A survey of the Fox River was accomplished during
19B2 by the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency
and the Illinois Department of Conservation. Sampling
was accomplished at 23 tributary stations for water
quality (seasonal), habitat, sediment chemistry, ma-
croinvertebrates and fish. Stations were established
on the major tributaries of the Fox River including the
N. Branch Nippersink, Nippersink (2), Boone, Flint,
Tyler, Poplar, Ferson, Mill (2), Waubansee. Blackberry
(2). Big Rock (2), Little Rock, Somonauk (2), Little
Indian, Indian (3), and Buck Creeks. From these data,
environmental quality was summarized utilizing various
indices including water quality (WQI), macroinverte-
brates (MBI), fish (IBI), and habitat (PIBI).
Keywords: 'Aquatic biology, 'Invertebrates, 'Water
pollution, "Fox River, Surveys, Fishes, Sediments,
Chemical analysis, Sampling, Sites, Classifications,
Streams, 'Water quality data, Habitats.
PB68-188594/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Intensive Survey of the DuPage River Basin, 1983.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
Jan 88,69p IEPA/WPC/88-010
A cooperative survey of the aquatic resources of the
DuPage River basin was conducted in 1983. Fish, ma-
croinvertebrate, water, sediment, and habitat data
were collected as part of the survey. Twenty-one sta-
tions were established within the West Branch of the
DuPage River, East Branch of the DuPage River, Lily
Cache Creek, and the mainstem of the DuPage River.
Environmental quality was summarized utilizing vari-
ous indices, including the Water Quality Index (WQI),
Macroinvertebrate Biotic Index (MBI), Index of Biotic
Integrity (AIBI) and, to a limited extent, habitat (PIBI).
Individual stations were evaluated for degree of aquat-
ic life use support and classified according to the bio-
logical stream classification (BSC) system used for
rating Illinois streams.
Keywords: 'Aquatic biology, 'Water pollution,
'DuPage River, Fishes, Invertebrates, Sediments, Lily
Cache Creek, Indexes(Ratios), Sites, Ratings, Illinois,
Classifications, Streams, "Habitats.
PB88-188602/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Intensive Survey of the Kishwaukee River and Its
Tributaries, 1983.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
Jan 88,67p IEPA/WPC/88-009
Twenty-five stations on the Kishwaukee River and trib-
utaries were sampled for water and sediment quality,
macroinvertebrates, fish and habitat in 1983. From
these data, environmental quality was summarized uti-
lizing various indices including water quality (WQI), ma-
croinvertebrates (MBI), fish (AIBI), and habitat (PIBI).
Individual stations were evaluated for degree of sup-
port of aquatic life and classified according to the bio-
logical stream classification system used for Illinois
streams. All mean index values indicated good to very
good environmental conditions providing full aquatic
life use at 22 of 25 stations (88%).
Keywords: 'Aquatic biology, 'Water pollution, 'Kish-
waukee River, Invertebrates, Sediments, Fishes, Clas-
sifications, Stream pollution, Tables(Data), Standards,
Illinois, 'Habitats, Tributaries.
PB88-189022/HSU	CP D07
National Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds
(VOCs) Data Base, 1970-1987 (for Microcomput-
ers), Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J.J. Shah, and L. T. Cupitt. 1987,18 diskettes EPA/
DF/DK-88/043
The data file is contained on 51 /4-inch, double sided,
high density diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC, AT
microcomputer. The diskettes are in the dBase III
PLUS (DOS BACKUP) format. Price includes docu-
mentation, PB88-195631.
The National Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds
(VOCs) Data Base update is the result of an ongoing
effort to gather, evaluate, and compile the measured
concentrations of a large number of VOCs. Data on
the observed concentrations of three hundred twenty
(320) volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were com-
piled, critically evaluated, and assembled into a rela-
tional data base. Ambient (outdoor) measurements,
indoor data, and data collected with personal monitors
are included. The data are primarily from the period
1970-1987 and for locations within the United States.
In order to compile data from many different sources,
each concentration record in the data base represents
the daily average for a single chemical, wherever feasi-
ble. The total data base contains more than 175,000
concentration records. The data have been assem-
bled into a relational data base using dBASE III Plus, a
commercially available data base management pro-
gram. The data base is available on IBM PC-compati-
ble diskettes. The available report contains a complete
description of the data base files and a guide describ-
ing the use of a prepared program for searching and
maintaining the data base. The data base consists of
42 files and requires 19.4 Megabytes of storage space.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Volatile organic compounds,
'Air pollution, Concentration(Composition), Diskettes,
'Ambient air, Data bases.
PB88-189436/HSU	PC A21 /MF A01
Process Design Manual: Land Treatment of Mu-
nicipal Wastewater.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
Oct 81,483p EPA/625/1-81/013
See also PB88-189444. Prepared in cooperation with
Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC., Department of
the Interior, Washington, DC., and Department of Agri-
culture, Washington, DC.
The manual presents a rational procedure for the
design of land treatment systems. Slow rate, rapid infil-
tration, and overland flow processes for the treatment
of municipal wastewaters are discussed in detail, and
the design concepts and criteria are presented. A two-
phased planning approach to site investigation and se-
lection is also presented. The manual includes exam-
ples of each process design. Information on field in-
vestigations is presented along with special consider-
ations for small scale systems. Equations and proce-
dures are included to allow calculations of energy re-
quirements for land treatment systems. Potential
health and environmental effects and corresponding
mitigation measures are discussed.
Keywords: 'Waste water, Land use, Waste treatment,
Water treatment, Infiltration(Fluids), Ground water re-
charge, Filtration, Planning, Design criteria, Site sur-
veys, Water pollution, Field tests, Manuals, Industrial
waste treatment, Monitoring, Fluid flow, 'Land treat-
ment, Water pollution control, Environment effects,
Site selection, Energy requirements, Energy conserva-
tion.
PB88-189444/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Process Design Manual: Land Treatment of Mu-
nicipal Wastewater. Supplement on Rapid Infiltra-
tion and Overland Flow.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
Oct 84,131p EPA/625/1-81/013A
See also PB88-189436.
The document is intended as a supplement to the
1981 Process Design Manual for Land Treatment of
Municipal Wastewater (EPA/625/1-81 /013). Through-
out the document, the 1981 Manual will be referred to
as the Manual. Part I in the text covers design of rapid
infiltration systems and Part II discusses overland flow
systems. A substantial amount of new information on
both the concepts and their performance has been de-
veloped since 1980-81.
Keywords: 'Waste water, Infiltration(Fluids), Waste
treatment, Water treatment, Filtration, Design criteria,
Site surveys, Field tests. Construction, Manuals, Stor-
age, Fluid flow, Ground water, 'Land treatment, Site
selection, Water pollution control.
PB88-190483/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Review of Methods for Remote Sensing of At-
mospheric Emissions from Stationary Sources.
Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. L. Saeger, C. K. Sokol, S. J. Coffey, R. S. Wright,
and W. E. Farthing. Mar 88,98p RTI/3744/04-01F,
EPA/600/4-88/014
Contract EPA-68-02-4442
Prepared In cooperation with Southern Research Inst.,
Birmingham, AL. Sponsored by Environmental Moni-
toring Systems Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The report reviews the commercially available and de-
veloping technologies for the application of remote
sensing to the measurement of source emissions. The
term 'remote sensing technology', as applied in the
report, means the detection or concentration measure-
ment of trace atmospheric species by sensing the
interaction of propagating electromagnetic energy and
the specific constituent along the path of propagation.
Many remote monitoring techniques are applicable to
source measurements. The source of the energy can
be natural or designed as part of the system. In gener-
al, passive techniques are easier to use and less ex-
pensive to purchase and operate than are the active
systems. Active systems are, in general, more specific
and more sensitive than the passive systems. Some
active techniques provide the added advantage of
range resolution, which is preferred for some types of
measurement applications.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Remote sensing, Passive
detection, Active detection, Electromagnetic radiation,
Range(Extremes), Sensitivity, Accuracy, Detectors,
Requirements, 'Stationary sources, Monitoring, Air
pollution detection, Remote sensors.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PBS8-190509/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
International Sulfur Deposition Model Evaluation.
Final Report, May 1987,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
T, L. Clark, R. L. Dennis, E. C. Voldner, M. P. Olson,
and S. K. Seilkop. May 87, 267p* EPA/600/3-87/008
Also pub. as Atmospheric Environment Service,
Downsview (Ontario) rept. no. AES/PUB/ARD-87-1.
See also report dated Jul 87, PB87-212742. Errata
sheet inserted. Prepared in cooperation with Atmos-
pheric Environment Service, Downsview (Ontario), An-
alytical Sciences, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.,
and Ottawa Univ. (Ontario).
The International Sulfur Deposition Model Evaluation
(ISDME) project, jointly conducted by the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency and Atmospheric Environ-
ment Service of Environment Canada, assessed the
performance of eleven linear chemistry atmospheric
models in predicting amounts of sulfur wet deposition.
Standardized model input data sets were distributed to
the participating modelers, who later submitted sea-
sonal and annual 1980 model predictions of dry/wet
deposition and air concentrations of sulfur dioxide and
sulfate at up to 65 sites across eastern North America.
The models were evaluated in an operational mode
using new, more rigorous approaches, as well as the
more conventional distribution statistics recommend-
ed by the American Meteorological Society. The new
approaches focused on the ability of the models to
replicate features of the spatial patterns of sulfur wet
deposition, as determined by an interpolation tech-
nique known as kriging. The technique quantified the
uncertainties in the observations which were used in
the evaluation process to identify areas where interpo-
lated predictions were statistically significantly differ-
ent from the interpolated observations. To supplement
the evaluation, predictions of dry deposition amounts
and air concentrations of each model were intercom-
pared to identify apparent peculiarities
Keywords: "Mathematical models, 'Sulfur inorganic
compounds, North America, Sulfur dioxide, Sulfates,
Comparison, Performance evaluation, *Acid rain, * Air
pollution sampling, 'International sulfur deposition.
PB88-190756/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
National Surface Water Survey, Western Lake
Survey (Phase 1 - Synoptic Chemistry) Quality As-
surance Report,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
M. E. Silverstein, M. L. Faber, S. K. Drouse, and T. E.
Mitchell-Hall. Nov 87, 312p EPA/600/4-87/037
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
See also PB87-234928. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The quality assurance program for the Western Lake
Survey - Phase I was designed to ensure that the data
collected were of known and acceptable quality. The
quality assurance program was based on similar activi-
ties conducted for the Eastern Lake Survey; -Phase I
and included the following major elements: Selection
of analytical laboratories, training of field sampling and
field laboratory crews, on-site evaluation of field oper-
ations and analytical laboratories, daily communica-
tions with survey participants, and verification and
evaluation of data collected. Quality assurance and
quality control samples were used to identify, qualify,
and quantify sources of sampling and analytical varia-
bility in terms of precision, accuracy, bias, and detect-
ability. The relative importance of these sources of var-
iation was assessed statistically.
Keywords: "Surface waters, "Lakes, "Water pollution,
Surveys, Laboratories, Evaluation, Field tests, Data ac-
quisition, Quality control, Sampling, Aluminum, Neu-
tralizing, Chemical analysis, Accuracy, Statistical anal-
ysis, Maps, Tables(Data), Chlorides,
Concentration(Composition), "Water quality data.
PB88-190764/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Development of an Adjustable Buoyancy Balloon
Tracer of Atmospheric Motion. Phase 3. Refine-
ment of the Operational Prototype System. Final
rept. Feb 86-Mar 88,
Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM.
1046 Vol. 90, No. 24
B. D. Zak, and E. W. Lichfield. Apr 88,149p EPA/600/
3-88/015
See also PB87-100525. Prepared in cooperation with
Spectra Research Inst., Albuquerque, NM., and Tech-
nadyne Engineering Consultants, Inc., Albuquerque,
NM. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences
Research Lab.
The adjustable buoyancy balloon tracer of atmospher-
ic motion is a research tool designed to follow atmos-
pheric flows in both the horizontal and the vertical. The
design goals for the tracer balloon specify a lifetime
less than 3 days, tracking range less than 1000 km,
ceiling altitude less than 5.5 km (500 mb), and capabil-
ity to respond to mean vertical flows as low as 1 cm/s.
The purpose of the study is to evaluate the accuracies
of air pollution transport (trajectory) models used to es-
tablish source-receptor relationships to distances of
order 1000 km, and to assess the limits on the predict-
ability of source impacts at long distances. Two test
flights were made, and while the results from these
flights were inadequate.
Keywords: "Atmospheric motion, "Meteorological bal-
loons, "Air pollution, Trajectories, Buoyancy, Cloud
cover, Prototypes, Tracking(Position), Mathematical
models, Design criteria, Evaluation, Tests, Diagrams,
Photographs, Tracer studies.
PB88-190780/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Measurement of the Mass Accommodation Coef-
ficient of S02(g) on Water Droplets. Journal article,
Boston Coll., Chestnut Hill, MA. Dept. of Chemistry.
J. A. Gardner, L. R. Watson, Y. G. Adewuyi, P.
Davidovits, and M. S. Zahniser. c1987,11p EPA/600/
J-87/294
Grants EPA-R-812296-01-0, NSF-ATM84-00748
Pub. in Jnl. of Geophysical Research, v92 nD9
p10887-10895 Sep 87. Prepared in cooperation with
Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA. Center for
Chemical and Environmental Physics. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab., and
National Science Foundation, Washington, DC.
Heterogeneous reaction pathways involving water
droplets in clouds and fogs are important mechanisms
for chemical transformation of atmospheric trace
gases. One of the fundamental parameters which de-
termines the transfer rate of gases into aqueous drop-
lets is the mass accommodation or 'sticking' coeffi-
cient for gas molecules on the droplet surfaces. The
authors have developed a laboratory method for di-
rectly determining mass accommodation coefficients
(y) and have applied it to S02. The measurement indi-
cates that S02 transport into clean aqueous cloud and
fog droplets will not be limited by interfacial mass
transport under normal atmospheric conditions. (Copy-
right (c) 1987 by the American Geophysical Union.)
Keywords: "Sulfur dioxide, "Drops(Liquids), "Water,
Clouds(Meteorology), Fog, Atmospheric composition,
Gases, Diffusion, Liquids, Mass flow, Reprints, "Drop-
lets, Atmospheric chemistry.
PB88-190798/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Changes in Gill Histology of Fathead Minnows
and Yellow Perch Transferred to Soft Water or
Acidified Soft Water with Particular Reference to
Chloride Cells. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
R. L. Leino, J. H. McCormick, and K. M.Jensen. C1987,
13p EPA/600/J-87/282
Pub. in Cell Tissue Res. 250. p389-399 Nov 87. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Minnesota Univ.-Duluth, and
Wisconsin Univ.-Superior. Center for Lake Superior
Environmental Studies.
Fathead minnows, Pimephales promelas, and yellow
perch, Perca flavescens, were transferred from moder-
ately soft Lake Superior water (hardness similar to 45
mg/l as CaC03) to very soft diluted Lake Superior
water (hardness similar to 4.5 mg/l). Sulfuric acid was
added in some treatments by means of a multichannel
diluter. In very soft water, chloride cells proliferated in
the gills, especially in the epithelium of the secondary
lamellae. When exposed to acid, chloride cells were
damaged and less abundant in the secondary lamel-
lae, and blood osmolality was reduced at pH 5.0 for the
minnows and pH 4.1 for the perch.
Keywords: "Perch, "Minnows, "Calcium carbonates,
"Acidity, "Tolerances(Physiology), "Lake Superior, Ex-
posure, Sulfuric acid, Chlorides, Cells(Biology), Epithe-
lium, Blood, pH, Osmotic pressure, Abundance,
Damage, Ionic regulation(Physiology), Reprints, "Pi-
mephales promelas, Flathead minnows, Perca flaves-
cens, Yellow perch.
PB88-190806/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas
NV.	'
Model Approach for RCRA (Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act) Groundwater Regulations.
Journal article,
Nevada Univ., Las Vegas.
T. H. Starks. C1988,9p EPA/600/J-88/002
Pub. in Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Sys-
tems 3, p151-157 1988. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV., and Nation-
al Water Well Association, Dublin, OH.
A model approach to the formulation of statistical deci-
sion procedures in the monitoring of groundwater at
hazardous waste sites is recommended. A random ef-
fects model for groundwater monitoring measure-
ments is suggested. A statistical decision procedure
based on the model is formulated and criticized. Some
of the practical problems in developing satisfactory
statistical decision procedures for groundwater moni-
toring are discussed. (Copyright (c) 1988 Elsevier Sci-
ence Publishers B.V.)
Keywords: "Ground water, "Regulations, Hazardous
materials, Statistical analysis, Random processes, Aq-
uifer, Water supply, Earth fills, Wastes, Monitors, Re-
prints, "Hazardous wastes, Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA).
PB88-191176/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Industrial Combustion Emissions (ICE) Model,
Version 6.0. Software Description. Final rept. Mar
85-Feb 86,
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
VA.
T. Hogan. Feb 88,100p EPA/600/8-88/009,, EPA/
SW/MT-88/042B
Contracts EPA-68-02-4202, EPA-68-02-4384
For system on magnetic tape, see PB88-172226.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re^
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report describes the software of the Industrial
Combustion Emissions (ICE) model, developed to sup-
port the EPA's analysis of acid deposition control alter-
natives. The model projects industrial fossil-fuel-fired
boiler fuels, air emissions, and costs by state for 1985
1990, 1995, 2000, 2010, 2020, and 2030. The current
base year in the ICE model (Version 3) is 1980. Fuels
include natural gas, distillate and residual fuel oil, and
coal. Air emissions include sulfur oxides, sulfates, and
nitrogen oxides. The report describes the structure of
the ICE model (Version 6.0) computer programs, its
input and output data files, major internal variables and
constants, and the use of comment statements in the
model's source code for one of the subroutines. It
does not provide the necessary Job Control Language
to run the model.
Keywords: "Fossil fuels, Mathematical models, Com-
bustion, Boilers, Emission, "Air pollution control, Sta-
tionary sources, "Industrial combustion emissions
model.
PB88-191374/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Parametric Methodologies of Cloud Vertical
Transport for Acid Deposition Models,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC
F. M. Vukovich, and R. C. Haws. Mar 88,309p EPA/
600/3-88/011
Contract EPA-68-02-4059
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
A CUmulus VENTing (CUVENT) cloud module has
been developed that calculates the vertical flux of
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ensemble of nonprecipitating subgrid-scale air mass
clouds. This model will be integrated into the Regional
Acid Deposition Model (RADM) and will serve to estab-
lish the effect of cloud venting for the RADM. In the ini-
tial phase of this research project, the basic cloud
venting algorithm was established. CUVENT used the
cloud model that was established by Ritter and Sted-
man (1985) to calculate the vertical transport of mass
due to the ensemble of nonprecipitating air mass con-
vective clouds. The major effort of the first phase of
this research project was to design an optimal parame-
terization scheme for the cloud model so that it may be
incorporated in the RADM. This parameterization
scheme used basic meteorological data such as pres-
sure, temperature, humidity, surface heat flux, etc., to
predict the convective cloud amount at cloud base and
cloud distribution parameters. The various models that
made up this scheme were developed using data ob-
tained during the VENTEX field program.
Keywords: 'Venting, "Convection, 'Cumulus clouds,
Mathematical models, Boundary layer, Air masses,
Meteorological data, Parametric equations, Atmos-
pheric temperature, Volume, Computer programming,
Fortran, Seasonal variations, Heat flux, Liquids, Meas-
urement, Depth, Width, Subroutines, "Acid precipita-
tion, VENTEX Field Program, Computer applications,
CUVENT model.
PB88-191416/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Re-
search.
Toxicity of Wastes Generated by a Coal Combus-
tion Power Plant Utilizing Limestone Scrubber
Technology to Indigenous Aquatic Fauna. Final
rept.,
Tennessee Technological Univ., Cookeville. Center for
the Management, Utilization and Protection of Water
Resources.
E. Morgan, and R. C. Young. Jul 86,133p EPA/600/7-
86/018
Prepared in cooperation with Tennessee Valley Au-
thority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Div. of Water Resources.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Environmental Processes
and Effects Research.
The risk of trace element contamination of surface
waters by wastes generated in a coal combustion
power plant utilizing limestone scrubber technology
was assessed by evaluating laboratory and site-specif-
ic biological and physical-chemical test results. Site-
specific results from physical-chemical tests indicated
that toxic trace element concentrations were primarily
adsorbed onto ash pond suspended and dissolved
solids. Treatment (primary settling) of the slurry dis-
charged into the ash pond partially removed toxic frac-
tions of trace elements from the water column. Com-
plexation, competition, and precipitation of remaining
soluble toxic elements In the ash pond buffered the
final effluent's toxicity to indigenous aquatic fauna.
Keywords: "Pollution, "Toxicity, Atmosphere contami-
nation control, Scrubbers, Aquatic animals, Trace ele-
ments,	Effluents, Surface waters,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Industrial wastes, Industrial
waste treatment, Contamination, Fly ash, Water pollu-
tion, Air pollution, Electric power plants, Coal, Water
pollution control, Water pollution effects(Animals),
Toxic tolerances, Limestone scrubbing, Coal combus-
tion, Stationary sources.
PB68-191424/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Computer Data Base from EPA's (Environmental
Protection Agency's) Complex Terrain Field Stud-
ies. Description of a SAS (Statistical Analysis
System) Computer Data Base from Tracer Field
Studies at Cinder Cone Butte, Idaho; Hogback
Ridge. New Mexico; and the Tracy Power Plant,
Nevada. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
L. E. Truppi. Apr 88,176p EPA/600/8-88/067
As part of EPA's effort to develop and demonstrate a
reliable model of atmospheric dispersion in mountain-
ous terrain, the Complex Terrain Model Development
Program was initiated. Three tracer field studies were
designed to test model estimates of plume impaction
with observed tracer concentration. The first study was
conducted at Cinder Cone Butte, Idaho; the second at
the Tracy Power Plant, Nevada. The report describes a
special computer data base that uses SAS (Statistical
Analysis System) software to store meteorological and
tracer gas data from the three tracer field studies.
Using the self-documentation feature of SAS data
sets, data variables can be quickly inspected and ac-
quired for SAS software programming. Tables give a
complete listing of all data variables along with a short
descriptive label.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Computer systems pro-
grams, Statistical analysis, Environmental tests, Field
tests, Isotopic labeling, Electric power plants, Plume
detection, Meteorological data, Data processing,
Emission factor, Data bases, Computer software, Data
analysis.
PB88-191440/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Pathogen Risk Assessment Feasibility Study.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Mar 88, 237p EPA/600/6-88/003
The report evaluates the practicality of formulating
guidelines to assess the risk associated with exposure
to pathogens in sludge. Risk assessment may be used
to determine the likelihood that an environmental
agent may cause human disease (that is, potential to
cause human cancer or toxicity). On the assumption
that the agent causes a particular disease, given cur-
rent and projected exposure levels, a quantitative eval-
uation can be made on the magnitude of the likely
impact of the agent on public health. In the report, the
feasibility of performing a micro-biological risk assess-
ment for pathogens in municipal wastewater sludge by
various disposal options was evaluated.
Keywords: "Waste water, "Sludge, Risk, Assess-
ments, Exposure, Toxicity, Quantitative analysis,
Microbiology, Waste disposal, 'Health risks, Patho-
gens.
PBB8-191697/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Fenitrothlon as the Active In-
redlent.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jul 87,132p EPA/540/RS-88/052
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, Standards, Regu-
lations, Manufacturing, Chemistry, Residues, Ecology,
Fenitrothion, CAS 122-14-5, 0,0-dimethyl 0-(4-nitro-m-
tolyl) phosphorothioate, Path of pollutants.
PB88-191706/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision D:
Product Chemistry. Series 61-84, Addendum 1 on
Data Reporting,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
R. B. Perfetti. 1988,8p EPA/540/9-88/048
See also PB83-153890.
The starting point of any exposure assessment is the
identification of the composition of the substance. The
composition information that EPA requires for pesti-
cides is called Product Chemistry data. Primarily, the
information provides the identity of the chemical or
chemicals involved. These data include information on
the manufacturing process, chemical analysis of the
active ingredient, certified limits for the ingredients in a
product and analytical methods to determine the com-
position of the pesticide. The Agency evaluates the
composition data to determine whether impurities
could constitute a significant component of the residue
in food and feed. The Data Reporting Guideline (DRG)
is designed to aid the manufacturer/registrant/peti-
tioner in the data/information collection/organization
process.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Guidelines, Assessments,
Residues, Foods, Feeding stuffs, Public health, Toxici-
ty, 'Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act.
PB88-191713/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision O:
Residue Chemistry, Series 171-3. Directions for
Use. Addendum 6 on Data Reporting,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
A. Smith. 1988,13p EPA/540/9-88/049
See also PB83-153981.
The Data Reporting Guideline (DRG) for Directions for
Use, Series 171-3, gives guidance to pesticide regis-
trants on the contents of the section of a residue
chemical registration submittal on the directions for the
application of a pesticide and its use restrictions. Fol-
lowing the guidance will increase the efficiently of the
Agency in reviewing submissions. It clarifies sections
in the existing Pesticides Assessment Guidelines, Sub-
division O. It provides guidance in expressing use di-
rections which should include the dosage, frequency,
timing of applications as well as the mode of delivery.
Data submitters can use the DRG in preparing their re-
ports for submission to EPA to meet 40 CFR 158 re-
quirements for the registration of pesticides. The DRG
for Series 171-3, Directions for Use is only one of a
number of DRG's published by the National Technical
Information Service as an addendum to Subdivision O
of the Pesticide Assessment Guidelines.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Guidelines, Assessments,
Residues, Foods, Feeding stuffs, Tobacco, Public
health, Toxicity, Environmental surveys,
Tolerances(Physiology), 'Federal Food Drug and Cos-
metic Act, Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenti-
cide Act, Pesticide residues.
PB88-191721/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision N,
Chemistry: Environmental Fate, Series 165-1. Con-
fined Accumulation Studies on Rotational Crops.
Addendum 7 on Data Reporting,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
E. B. Conerly, and S. M. Creeger. 1988,17p EPA/540/
9-88/050
See also addendum 8, PB88-191739.
The Data Reporting Guideline (DRG) for Confined Ac-
cumulation Studies on Rotational Crops, Series 165-1,
gives guidance to pesticide registrants on the format
for their study report so that the Agency can review it
efficiently. The guidance clarifies sections in the exist-
ing Pesticides Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision N,
on data reporting. It provides an outline for the study
report and describes the topics which should be ad-
dressed such as a description of the test plots or con-
tainers used, soil characteristics weather, pesticide
use history, post-treatment crop maintenance, sam-
pling or harvesting techniques, soil sampling, the ana-
lytical method, and the handling and analysis of sam-
ples and provides guidance on the presentation of the
results of the study. Data submitters can use the DRG
in preparing their reports for submission to EPA to
meet 40 CFR 158 requirements for the registration of
pesticides. The DRG for Series 165-1, Confined Accu-
mulation Studies on Rotational Crops, is only one of a
number of DRG's published by the National Technical
Information Service as an addendum to Subdivision N
of the Pesticide Assessment Guidelines.
Keywords: 'Crops, 'Pesticides, 'Guidelines, Environ-
mental surveys, Assessments, Degradation, Metabo-
lism,	Transport	properties,
Concentration(Composition), 'Path of pollutants,
Bioaccumulation, 'Federal Insecticide Fungicide and
Rodenticide Act.
PB88-191739/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision N,
Chemistry: Environmental Fate. Series 165-4. Lab-
oratory Studies of Pesticide Accumulation in Fish.
Addendum 8 on Data Reporting,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
E. B. Conerly, and S. M Creeger. 1988,13p EPA/540/
9-88/051
See also PB83-153973.
The Data Reporting Guideline (DRG) for Laboratory
Studies of Pesticide Accumulation in Fish, Series 165-
4, gives guidance to pesticide registrants on the format
for their study report so that the Agency can review it
efficiently. The guidance clarifies sections in the exist-
ing Pesticides Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision N,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
on data reporting. It provides an outline for the study
report, describes the topics which should be ad-
dressed, and the presentation of the results of the
study. Items which need to be addressed include, for
instance, the water used; the test fish used (species,
source, age, size and weight, etc.); the exposure
method and its protocol; the depuration conditions and
the protocol; the sampling protocol; and the analytical
method. Data submitters can use the DRG in preparing
their reports for submission to EPA to meet 40 CFR
158 requirements for the registration of pesticides. The
DRG for Series 165-4, Laboratory Studies of Pesticide
Accumulation in Fish, is one of a number of DRG's
published by the National Technical Information Serv-
ice as an addendum to Subdivision N of the Pesticide
Assessment Guidelines.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Guidelines, Fishes, Environ-
mental surveys, Assessments, Degradation, Metabo-
lism,	Transport	properties,
Concentration(Composition), 'Path of pollutants,
Bioaccumulation, 'Federal Insecticide Fungicide and
Rodenticide Act.
PB88-191846/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Proceedings of the Diesel Particulate Control/Al-
ternative Fuels Symposium Held at Chicago, Illi-
nois on January 27-28,1987.
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
1987, 228p EPA/905/2-87/006
The proceedings report covers a two-day symposium
on diesel particulate control and alternative fuels in-
cluding environmental and health issues of diesel
emissions, diesel control technology, a survey of alter-
native fuels (methanol, methane), achieving heavy
duty engine emission standards, and government poli-
cies.
Keywords; 'Diesel fuels, 'Meetings, Diesel engines,
Standards, Automotive fuels. Engines, Fuel additives,
Carbinols, Methane, Regulations, 'Air pollution con-
trol, Particulates, Emission factors, Fuel substitutes,
Pollution regulations.
PB88-191B53/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Assessing the Risks of Trace Gases That Can
Modify the Stratosphere. Volume 2: Chapters 1-5,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Air and Radiation.
J. S. Hoffman. Dec 87,283p EPA/400/1-87/001B
See also Volume 3, PB88-191861.
The risk assessment seeks to summarize the state of
scientific knowledge so that a considered Judgement
can be made about the need for additional controls.
Scientific evidence is therefore reviewed and evaluat-
ed for two purposes: (1) to assess the likelihood that
different human activities could alter the stratosphere
in ways that altered ultraviolet radiation reaching
earth's surface or that changed climate; and (2) to
assess the likelihood that changes in ultraviolet radi-
ation or climate due to modifications in column ozone
or stratospheric water vapor would have detrimental
effects on human health or welfare.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Trace elements, Strato-
sphere, Ozone, Assessments, Risk, Contamination,
Climatic changes, Public health, Safety, Atmospheric
composition, Quantitative analysis, Gases, Emissions,
Aerosols, Damage, Industrial wastes, Risk assess-
ment, Environmental surveys, Environmental health,
Air pollution effects(Humans), Air pollution
effects(Animals), Air pollution(Plants), Air pollution po-
tential, Environmental effects.
PB88-191861/HSU	PC A24/MF A01
Assessing the Risks of Trace Oases That Can
Modify the Stratosphere. Volume 3: Chapters 6-
18,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Air and Radiation.
J S Hoffman. Dec 87, 566p EPA/400/1-87/001C
See also Volume 2, PB88-191853, and Volume 5,
PB88-191879.
The document examines the human health, environ-
mental and atmospheric risks associated with a de-
crease in stratospheric ozone.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Trace elements, Strato-
sphere, Climatic changes, Malignant neoplasms, Eye
diseases, Cataracts, Immunologic diseases, Ozone,
Radiation effects, Risk, Assessments, Polymers, Con-
tamination, Damage, Safety, Public health, Ultraviolet
radiation, Aquatic animals, Risk assessment, Environ-
mental health, Air pollution effects! Humans), Air pollu-
tion effects(Animals), Air pollution effects(Plants), Eco-
systems, Air pollution potential, Environmental effects.
PB88-191879/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Assessing the Risks of Trace Gases That Can
Modify the Stratosphere. Volume 5. Appendix B,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Air and Radiation.
D. A. Tirpak. Dec 87,159p EPA/400/1-87/001 E
See also Volume 3, PB88-191861.
The report is a summary integration, and interpretation
of the current scientific understanding of the effects of
potential global climate change in the areas of forest
and vegetation, agriculture, water resources, and
human health. The appendix is a multi-authored review
of the scientific literature on the effects of global cli-
mate change. Direct effects of C02 are generally not
included because they have been recently reviewed
elsewhere. The document was designed to provide
supplementary information for use by the Environmen-
tal Protection Agency (EPA) as it assesses the impact
of chemicals on the stratospheric ozone layer.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Damage, Vegetation, Agricul-
ture, Humans, Public health, Water resources, Climatic
changes, Forestry, Reviews, Ozone, Stratosphere,
Ecology, Air pollution effects(Humans), Air pollution
effects(Animals), Air pollution effects(Plants), Environ-
mental effects, Literature review.
PB88-192398/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Public Report for Options to Make the Toxic Re-
lease Inventory (TRI) Data Base Accessible to the
Public.
CRC Systems, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
4 Mar 88,68p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Toxic Substances.
The purpose of the paper is to present appropriate op-
tions for implementation of a publicly accessible Toxic
Release Inventory (TRI) data base, to analyze and
evaluate the costs and benefits of those options, and
to recommend one or more of the best alternatives for
making the TRI data base available to the public. The
analysis addresses only the data base options. It does
not address 'other means' of public access to TRI
data, e.g., printed versions of the data or Freedom of
Information Act (FOIA) requests, other than to note the
potential effect of 'other means' on usage of the data
base.
Keywords: Cost analysis, State government, Local
government, Computer applications, 'Toxic sub-
stances, *TRI database, 'Public access.
PB88-192687/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
National Dioxln Study - Report to Congress.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Aug 87,172p* EPA/530/SW-87/025
The report presents the results of EPA's investigation
of potential 2,3,7,8-TCDD ('dioxin') contamination. The
report also includes information on chemical reactions
and on sources and pathways of human exposure.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Combustion products,
Design, Implementation, Regulations, Research,
'Dioxins, Dibenzodioxin/tetrachloro, TCDD.
PB88-192745/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistratlon of Pesticide
Products Containing Nabam as the Active Ingredi-
ent.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Apr 87,160p EPA/540/RS-88/053
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Fungicides, Standards, Regu-
lations, Manufacturing, Chemistry, Toxicology, Resi-
dues, Ecology, Path of pollutants, 'Nabam, Thiocarba-
mates, Ethylenebisdithiocarbamates, CAS 142-59-6.
PB88-193255/HSU	CP D01
Chemicals Subject to Reporting Under the Emer-
gency Planning and Community Right to Know
Act (Title 3 of the Superfund Ammendments and
Reauthorization Act of 1986), January 1988 (for
Microcomputers). Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
L. Pratt. Jan 88,1 diskette EPA/560/4-88/003, EPA/
DF/DK-88/044
The data file is contained on 5 1 /4-inch, double sided,
double density diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC
microcomputer. The diskettes are in the DBASE III
format.
This is the disk based version of the Office of Toxic
Substances' consolidated list of chemicals subject to
reporting under Title III of the Superfund Amendments
and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA). Title III is
also known as the Emergency Planning and Communi-
ty Right to Know Act. The document is a list of all
chemicals subject to reporting under sections 302,
304, and 313 of Title III. The disk is designed to gener-
ate either a printout or a dbase III file from any IBM or
IBM compatible system.
Keywords: 'Data file, Diskettes, Chemical compounds.
Listings, Hazardous materials, Regulations, Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986, Emer-
gency Planning and Community Right to Know Act, Su-
perfund program, Toxic substances, H = IBM PB,
L=DBASE III Plus.
PB88-193313/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Radiation Data: Report 49, Janu-
ary-March 1987. Final rept.
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
Aug 87,44p EPA/520/5-87/018
See also PB87-216149, and PB88-194857.
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) contains data
from the Environmental Radiation Ambients Monitor-
ing System (ERAMS). Data from similar networks oper-
ated by contributing States, Canada, Mexico and the
Pan American Health Organization are reported in the
ERD when available. The ERAMS is comprised of na-
tionwide sampling stations that provide air, surface
and drinking water and milk samples from which envi-
ronmental radiation levels are derived. Sampling loca-
tions are selected to provide optimal population cover-
age while functioning to monitor fallout from nuclear
devices and other forms of radioactive contamination
of the environment. The radiation analyses performed
on these samples include gross alpha and gross beta
levels, gamma analyses for fission products, and spe-
cific analyses for uranium, plutonium. stronium, iodine,
radium, krypton, and tritium.
Keywords: 'Radiation monitoring, 'Fallout, Radioac-
tivity, Air sampling, Milk, Drinking water, Radioiso-
topes, Surface water, Fission products, Environmental
transport. Uranium, Plutonium, Strontium 90, Iodine,
Radium, Tritium, Krypton.
PB88-194489/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Department of Labor, Washington, DC.
Pesticide Hazard Assessment Project: Harvester
Exposure Monitoring Field Studies (19B0-1M6)
Volume 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Mar 88,916p* EPA/540/09-88/036
See also Volume 2, PB88-194477. Prepared in coop-
eration with Mississippi State Univ., Mississippi State
Medical Univ. of South Carolina, Charleston, and Coio^
rado State Univ., Fort Collins. Sponsored by Depart-
ment of Labor, Washington, DC.
On March 17, 1980, the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) and the Department of Labor (DOL) en-
tered into an Interagency Agreement (IAG) to study the
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
effects of pesticides on youth working in agriculture.
The research was needed to provide information and
data about specific pesticides and crops in relation to
waiver requests anticipated from growers which would
authorize employment of 10 and 11 year-old children
in activities normally under the Fair Labor Standards
Act. The Office of Pesticide Programs conducted har-
vester exposure field studies to provide exposure/tox-
icity information necessary to evaluate the possible in-
creased hazard of pesticides to young workers. OPP
funded worker exposure studies through university co-
operative research agreements in California, Colora-
do, Florida, Iowa, Texas, Mississippi, and South Caroli-
na. The studies in this two volume set consist of the re-
ports generated by the various university agreements.
It should be noted that some of this data is also avail-
able as published journal articles.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, "Pesticides, Exposure, Har-
vesters, Children, Agriculture, Monitoring.
PBB8-194477/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Department of Labor, Washington, DC.
Pesticide Hazard Assessment Project: Harvester
Exposure Monitoring Field Studies (1960-1986)
Volume 2.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Mar 88, 925p* EPA/540/09-88/037
See also Volume 1, PB88-194469. Prepared in coop-
eration with Mississippi State Univ., Mississippi State,
Medical Univ. of South Carolina, Charleston, and Colo-
rado State Univ., Fort Collins. Sponsored by Depart-
ment of Labor, Washington, DC.
On March 17, 1980, the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) and the Department of Labor (DOL) en-
tered into an Interagency Agreement (IAG) to study the
effects of pesticides on youth working in agriculture.
The research was needed to provide information and
data about specific pesticides and crops in relation to
waiver requests anticipated from growers which would
authorize employment of 10 and 11 year-old children
in activities normally under the Fair Labor Standards
Act. The Office of Pesticide Programs conducted har-
vester exposure field studies to provide exposure/tox-
icity information necessary to evaluate the possible in-
creased hazard of pesticides to young workers. OPP
funded worker exposure studies through university co-
operative research agreements in California, Colora-
do, Florida, Iowa, Texas, Mississippi, and South Caroli-
na. The studies in this two volume set consist of the re-
ports generated by the various university agreements,
it should be noted that some of this data is also avail-
able as published journal articles.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, Exposure, Har-
vesters, Children, Agriculture, Monitoring.
PB08-194832/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Radiation Data:	Report 50, April-
June 1987. Final rept.
Eastern Environmental Radiation	Facility, Montgom-
Dec87, 45p EPA/520/5-88/001
See also PB88-193313.
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) contains data
from the Environmental Radiation Ambients Monitor-
ing System (ERAMS). Data from similar networks oper-
ated by contributing States, Canada, Mexico, and the
Pan American Health Organization are reported in the
ERD when available. The ERAMS is comprised of na-
tionwide sampling stations that provide air, surface
and drinking water and milk samples from which envi-
ronmental radiation levels are derived. Sampling loca-
tions are selected to provide optimal population cover-
age while functioning to monitor fallout from nuclear
devices and other forms of radioactive contamination
of the environment. The radiation analyses performed
on these samples include gross alpha and gross beta
levels, gamma analyses for fission products, and spe-
cific analyses for uranium, plutonium, stromum, iodine,
radium, krypton, and tritium.
Keywords: "Radiation monitoring, 'Fallout, Radioac-
tivity, Air sampling, Milk, Drinking water, Radioiso-
topes, Surface water, Fission products, Environmental
transport, Uranium, Plutonium, Strontium 90, Iodine,
Radium, Tritium, Krypton.
PB88-194857/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Radiation Data: Report 48, Octo-
ber-December 1986. Final rept.
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
Jun 87, 54p EPA/520/5-87/017
See also PB87-216149.
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) contains data
from the Environmental Radiation Ambients Monitor-
ing System (ERAMS). Data from similar networks op-
erated by contributing States, Canada, Mexico, and
the Pan American Health Organization are reported in
the ERD when available. The ERAMS is comprised of
nationwide sampling stations that provide air, surface
and drinking water and milk samples from which envi-
ronmental radiation levels are derived. Sampling loca-
tions are selected to provide optimal population cover-
age while functioning to monitor fallout from nuclear
devices and other forms of radioactive contamination
of the environment. The radiation analyses performed
on these samples include gross alpha and gross beta
levels, gamma analyses for fission products, and spe-
cific analyses for uranium, plutonium, stronium, iodine,
radium, krypton, and tritium.
Keywords: 'Radiation monitoring, 'Fallout, Radioac-
tivity, Air sampling, Milk, Drinking water, Radioiso-
topes, Surface water, Fission products, Environmental
transport, Uranium, Plutonium, Strontium 90, Iodine,
Radium, Tritium, Krypton.
PB88-195177/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Impact on Ozone Attainment of CFC (Chlorofluor-
ocarbon) Controls Used to Prevent Future Deple-
tion of Stratospheric Ozone,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
D. L. Harmon, and N. D. Smith. Apr 88,19p* EPA/600/
D-88/074
The paper discusses the impact on ozone attainment
of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) controls used to prevent
future depletion of stratospheric ozone. It has been de-
cided that allocated quotas offer the most attractive
approach to limiting the use of CFCs and brominated
compounds (halons). This approach should provide for
economically efficient reductions. It involves a mini-
mum of administrative costs, is the most easily en-
forced option, and does not raise any potential legal
issues that might result from other options. Control op-
tions that might be used by industry to achieve the
necessary CFC reductions are evaluated in the Regu-
latory Impact Analysis (RIA). The most likely long-term
control option which may be adopted by most applica-
tion areas is a chemical substitute. With this option, it
may be possible to eliminate 90% or more of the
ozone-depleting CFC emissions. A variety of control
options hold promise for short-term applicability. Some
of the engineering controls may still be applied even
after new chemical substitutes (e.g., HFC-134a and
HCFC-123) are in use, since the higher cost of these
substitutes may justify recovery. EPA is also consider-
ing the development of specific regulations limiting
CFC and halon use for particular industries to supple-
ment allocated quotas.
Keywords: 'Ozone, "Environmental protection, Fluor-
ohydrocarbons, Stratosphere, Bromohydrocarbons.
Air pollution, Regulations, Reprints, "Chlorofluorocar-
bons, Pollution control, Stationary sources.
PB88-195185/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Use of Simulation Modeling In Exposure and Risk
Assessment,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
J. N. Blancato. Apr 88,21 p* EPA/600/D-88/070
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models pro-
vide a useful means of evaluating the impact of differ-
ent exposure scenarios upon certain components of
the risk assessment. In the paper, a physiologically
based pharmacokinetic model used for risk assess-
ment purposes in 1987, was used to determine pulmo-
nary absorption fractions the amount of metabolite
formed at various exposure concentrations. The effect
of various model parameters such as the metabolic
rate constants and the blood to air partition ratios were
examined. The paper illustrates the usefulness of such
models to test the impact of various assumptions and
exposure scenarios upon risk. They are not a replace-
ment for soundly determined data but can be an impor-
tant adjunct in the interpretation and use of such data.
Keywords: 'Exposure, 'Risk, Assessments, Simula-
tion, Toxicity, Toxicology, Physiological effects, Public
health, Dosage, Models, Risk assessment.
PB88-195193/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of Composite Receptor Methods,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
T. G. Dzubay. Apr 88,16p EPA/600/D-88/069
A composite receptor model for PM-10 apportionment
was evaluated to determine the stability of its solutions
and to devise cost-effective measurement strategies.
Ambient aerosol samples used in the evaluation were
obtained with dichotomous samplers at three sites in
the vicinity of Philadelphia, PA and were analyzed by x-
ray fluorescence (XRF), instrumental neutron activa-
tion (INAA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and
ion chromatography. The composite receptor model
consisted of a wind trajectory method, chemical mass
balances (CMB), and multiple linear regression (MLR).
In resolving PM-10 into 11 components, SEM was es-
sential for coal-fly ash and botanical matter, XRF was
essential for a S-component and vehicle emissions,
and INAA was essential for fluidized catalytic crackers
at refineries. The remaining components were deter-
mined well by either INAA or XRF. Ten to twenty sam-
ples were sufficient to determine average source con-
tributions by CMB. Multiple linear regression required
30 or more samples to determine the S-component
and at least 50 samples for vehicle emissions.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, Sampling, Electron microscopy,
Linear regression, X ray fluorescence, Particle size,
Emission, Air pollution, "Composite receptor method.
Air quality.
PB88-195201/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Inclusion Body Viruses. 2. Baculoviruses of Inver-
tebrates Other Than Insects,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
J. A. Couch. Apr 88,35p EPA/600/D-88/068
The occluded baculoviruses from non-insect hosts are
described and reviewed for morphology, morphogene-
sis, cytopathology, and composition, the two known
baculoviruses from Crustacea are Baculovirus penaei
and Penaeus monodon the first exists worldwide and
the second only in the Pacific. Both are viruses of
shrimps or prawns and can cause lethal infections.
The structure and morphogenesis of each virus is de-
scribed, and the role of virus controlled events in cellu-
lar pathology is discussed.
Keywords: 'Viruses, Shrimps, Invertebrates, Morphol-
ogy, Cells(Biology), Pathology, Cytology, Baculovir-
uses, Morphogenesis.
PB88-195219/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Motor Vehicles as Sources of Compounds Impor-
tant to Tropospherlc and Stratospheric Ozone,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
F. M. Black. Apr 88,30p* EPA/600/D-88/067
One of the most rapidly growing human activities in the
U.S. of importance to atmospheric ozone is the use of
highway motor vehicles. Transportation sources are
estimated to have been responsible for about 34% of
1985 U.S. anthropogenic hydrocarbon emissions,
70% of carbon monoxide emissions, 45% of nitrogen
oxide emissions, 24% of nonaerosol chlorofluorocar-
bon emissions, and 14% of carbon dioxide emissions.
Data is presented describing possible uninventoried
transportation hydrocarbon emissions that could in-
crease their estimated contribution to 45 - 50% of the
anthropogenic total. Data is also presented suggesting
motor vehicles to be relatively insignificant sources of
anthropogenic nitrous oxide, but noting that these
emissions are increased by the control technologies
used to reduce hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and ni-
trogen oxides emissions. The sensitivity of motor vehi-
cle emission rates and compositions to such operating
variables as ambient temperature, altitude, and aver-
age speed is discussed.
Keywords: "Motor vehicles, 'Exhaust gases, 'Ozone,
Troposphere, Stratosphere, Nitrogen oxides, Carbon
monoxide, Carbon dioxide, Hydrocarbons, Air pollu-
tion.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-195227/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC,
Strategies for Continuous Monitoring of Hydro-
gen Chloride Emissions from Municipal Solid
Waste Incinerators,
Entropy Environmentalists, Inc., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. R. Jernigan, S. Shanklin, R. Rollins, T. J. Logan, and
M. R. Midgett. Apr 88,12p EPA/600/D-88/072
Contract EPA-68-02-4442
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The paper presents a discussion of sampling and ana-
lytical techniques for continuous monitoring of hydro-
gen chloride (HCI) emissions from incineration
sources. The discussion focuses on commercially
available systems for sample conditioning and meas-
urement. Six HCI continuous emission monitors were
evaluated at a municipal facility for solid waste inciner-
ation. Field test results indicate that several tech-
niques for continuous monitoring of HCI concentra-
tions are available. Most of the analyzers tested, re-
gardless of the detection or calibration techniques, in-
dicated the same trend in the effluent HCI concentra-
tions and produced data that was in good agreement
with wet chemistry results.
Keywords: 'Incinerators, *Air pollution, Monitors, Hy-
drogen chloride, Sampling, Hazardous materials,
Measurement, Refuse disposal, Waste disposal. Field
tests, Air pollution control, Stationary sources, Solid
waste disposal, Monitoring.
PB88-195235/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Photochemical Oxidant Formation: Overview ot
Current Knowledge and Emerging Issues,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
B. Dimitriades. Apr 88,13pEPA/600/D-88/064
Despite 1-1/2 decades of control effort, the photo-
chemical ozone problem continues to plague human
society and ecology in the U.S. One reason alleged for
the difficulty in achieving the established ozone air
quality standard is that current understanding of the
science underlying the problem is still insufficient.
Scrutiny of existing empirical and theoretical/experi-
mental evidence revealed imperfections in ozone air
quality models and model application procedures.
Latest chemical mechanism developments estab-
lished the Carbon Bond Mechanism (CBM) and Carter-
Atkinson-Lurmann-Lloyd (CALL) mechanisms as supe-
rior to others but still lacking in some respects. Precur-
sor-related uncertainties are of consequence both for
models requiring emission rate input and for models
requiring ambient concentration input. Other factors
affecting model predictions are the composition of
VOC emissions and the amount and makeup of pollut-
ants transported into the modeled atmosphere. Re-
gional ozone air quality models are now available and
procedures are being developed for use of such
models in formulating regional ozone control strate-
gies. The relative roles of 'hydrocarbons' (VOC) and ni-
trogen oxides (NOx) differ in the urban and the region-
al ozone formation phenomena.
Keywords: *Air pollution, "Ozone, Photochemical re-
actions, Oxidizers, Quality, Emission, Reviews, Mathe-
matical models, Forecasting, Pollutants, Atmospheric
models, 'Foreign technology, "Air quality, "Photo-
chemical oxidants, Emission factor.
PB88-195243/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Thin-Film Evaporation as a Pretreatment Tech-
nique for Removing Volatile Organic# from Petro-
leum Refinery Wastes,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
C. M. Northeim, C. C. Allen, and B. A. Westfall. Apr 88
17p EPA/600/D-88/063
Contract EPA-68-02-3992
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Oily wastes from petroleum refineries can result in air
emissions during the land treatment of these wastes. A
pilot-scale thin film evaporator (TFE) was used to
remove volatile organics (VO) from refinery tank
bottom sludge. Different TFE operating parameters
were utilized to determine optimum process operating
1050 Vol. 90, No. 24
conditions and the percent removal of specific VO
compounds was measured. Removal efficiencies of up
to 99.9% were obtained, resulting in a 95% reduction
in VO emissions from a land treatment test plot.
Keywords: "Thin films, "Evaporation, Petroleum refin-
ing, Waste disposal, Sludge, Degradation, Air pollution,
Emission, "Volatile organic compounds, Land treat-
ment.
PB88-19S250/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Formation of PICs (Products of Incomplete Com-
bustion) from the Combustion of Chlorinated Ma-
terials,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
L. J. Staley, M. K. Richards, G. L, Huffman, and B.
Dellinger. Apr 88,19p EPA/600/D-88/062
Prepared in cooperation with Dayton Univ., OH. Re-
search Inst.
The formation of unwanted Products of Incomplete
Combustion (PICs) from the incineration of hazardous
wastes under sub-optimal conditions must be avoided
if incineration is to be effectively used to treat hazard-
ous wastes. Studies of the thermal behavior of chlorin-
ated C1s (methanes) and C2s (ethanes and ethenes)
in non-flame, flat-flame, and shock tube devices have
yielded results which offer a plausible explanation for
the formation of certain PICs. To determine whether
the same results are obtained in a larger, more compli-
cated device, two mixtures of chlorinated methanes
and two mixtures of chlorinated ethanes and ethenes
were burned under high and low oxygen conditions in a
Turbulent Flame Reactor (TFR).
Keywords: "Combustion products, "Hazardous materi-
als, Chlorohydrocarbons, Methane, Ethane, Ethylene,
Incinerators, Soot, Hazards, Wastes, Combustion de-
posits, "Hazardous wastes, "Chemical wastes, Toxic
materials.
PB88-195268/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Residential Construction Code Impacts on Radon,
Camroden Associates, Rome, NY.
S. Galbraith, T. Brennan, and M. C. Osborne. Apr 88,
12p* EPA/600/D-88/059
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper discusses residential construction code im-
pacts on radon. It references existing residential con-
struction codes that pertain to the elements of con-
struction that impact either the ability to seal radon out
of houses or the ability to achieve good soil ventilation
for radon control. Several inconsistencies in the codes
that will impact radon resistant construction are identi-
fied. Resolution of these resulting radon issues is nec-
essary before specification style building codes can be
developed to achieve radon resistant construction.
Keywords: "Radon, "Building codes, Pollution,
Houses, Soils, Ventilation, Waterproofing, Drainage,
Pollution control, Stationary sources.
PB88-195276/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Computer Assistance in Hazards Analyses and
Emergency Planning,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. C. Bare. Apr 88,15pr EPA/600/D-88/075
The paper discusses computer assistance in hazards
analysis and emergency planning. The Emergency
Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986-
Title III of the Superfund Amendment and Reauthoriza-
tion Act (SARA)--requires facilities handling any of the
designated chemicals-Extremely Hazardous Sub-
stances (EHSs)-in quantities greater than the Thresh-
old Planning Quantities (TPQs) to submit information
to their State Emergency Response Commissions
(SERCs). Local Emergency Planning Committees
(LEPCs) engage these facilities in planning and re-
quest information from the facilities that is necessary
for planning. A user-friendly Macintosh computerized
system has been developed which allows LEPCs to
handle the large quantities of data and assists them in
analyzing the potential hazard of each chemical by as-
sessing the severity of the consequences of a pre-
planned release. The paper concentrates on hazards
analysis for emergency planning for accidental re-
leases of EHSs.
Keywords: "Pollution, "Safety, "Computer programs,
Hazardous materials, Analyzing, Planning, Chemical
agent detection, Chemical agent casualties, Hazards,
Pollution control, Stationary sources, Emergency plan-
ning, Emergencies.
PB88-195284/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC,
Office of Solid Waste.
Subchronic Toxicity of Meta-Cresot in Sprague
Dawley Rats: MBA Chemical No. 24 (Revised).
Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. Dietz, and L. T. Mulligan. 25 Mar 88,337p EPA/
530/SW-88/026
Contract EPA-68-01 -7075
See also PB88-176177 and PB88-195292. Prepared in
cooperation with Microbiological Associates, Bethes-
da, MD. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The study examined the toxic effects of meta-cresol in
Sprague Dawley rats following 13 weeks of oral
gavage administration. Dose levels studied were 0, 50,
150 and 450 mg/kg/day. The biological effects of m-
cresol, central nervous system depression and reduc-
tions in body weight gain, were generally restricted to
the high dose level under the conditions of the present
study. Although a slight reduction in weight gain also
occurred for mid-dose males but not females, no other
manifestations of m-cresol toxicity were seen for these
animals or for those at the low dose level. Thus, 50
mg/kg/day tor meta-cresol administered to male and
female Sprague Dawley rats for 13 weeks appears to
represent the maximum dose tested in the study that
produced no evident adverse effects.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Dosage, Ingestion(Biology),
Bioassay, Laboratory animals, Pathology, Mortality,
"Metacresol, CAS 108-39-4,3-cresol.
PB88-195292/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Subchronic Toxicity of Para-Cresol in Sprague
Dawley Rats: MBA Chemical No. 25. Final rept..
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. Dietz, and L. T. Mulligan. 4 Apr 88,378p EPA/530/
SW-88/025
Contract EPA-68-01-7075
See also PB88-195284. Prepared in cooperation with
Microbiological Associates, Bethesda, MD. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
The study examined the oral toxicity of para-cresol (p-
cresol) in Sprague Dawley rats during 13 weeks of oral
gavage administration. Dose levels studied were 0,50,
175 and 600 mg/kg/day. Three females treated with
the high dose of p-Cresol died during the first three
days of the study. Signs of central nervous system
(CNS) depression were apparent in high-dose males
and females. Reductions in body weight gain were
seen for males and females treated at the nigh dose
level and to a lesser extent in the mid dose males.
Para-cresol was hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, and in-
duced a mild anemic state. Based on the results of the
present investigation, 50 mg/kg/day appears to be the
level at which no toxic effects were observed under
the conditions of the present study.
Keywords'. "Toxicology, Dosage, tngestion(Biology),
Bioassay, Laboratory animals, Pathology, Mortality,
"Para cresol, CAS 106-44-5,4-cresol.
PB88-195532/HSU	CP D02
Regulatory and Investigative Treatment Zone
(RITZ) Model (for Microcomputers). Model-Simula-
tion,
Robert S. Kerr Water Research Center, Ada, OK.
T E. Short, D. L. Nofziger, and J. R. Williams. 1988 1
diskette EPA/SW/DK-88/045
The software is contained on 5 1/4 inch diskette
double sided, double density compatible with the IBM
PC, XT, AT microcomputer. Diskettes are in ASCII
format. Price includes documentation, PB88-195540.
An interactive software system was developed to
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
fate of hazardous chemicals during land treatment of
oily wastes. The mathematical model known as the
Regulatory and Investigative Treatment Zone Model or
RITZ was developed and published earlier by Short
(1985). The model incorporates the influence of oil in
the sludge, water movement, volatilization, and degra-
dation upon the transport and fate of a hazardous
chemical. The manual describes the conceptual
framework and assumptions used by Short (1985) in
developing the model. It then explains the microcom-
puter hardware and software requirements, the input
parameters for the model, and the graphical and tabu-
lar outputs which can be selected. Illustrations of the
use of the software are also included. Software De-
scription: The software is written in TurboPascal for im-
plementation on an IBM-PC, XT, AT or compatible
microcomputer using the PC-DOS or MS-DOS 2.0 or
later operating system. Memory requirement is 265K.
The system requires an 8087 or 80287 math coproces-
sor.
Keywords: "Models-simulation, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste treatment, Mathematical models, Oils, Regula-
tions, User manuals(Computer programs), Land treat-
ment, Environmental transport, Sludge, RITZ model,
L=TURBO PACAL, H = IBM PC/XT; IBM PC/AT.
PB88-195540/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Water Research Center, Ada, OK.
Interactive Simulation of the Fate of Hazardous
Chemicals during Land Treatment of Oily Wastes:
RITZ (Regulatory and Investigative Treatment
Zone) User's Guide. Final rept. May 86-Nov 87,
Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater. Dept. of Agronomy.
D L. Nofziger, J. R. Williams, and T. E. Short. Jan 88,
68p EPA/600/8-88/001,, EPA/SW/DK-88/045A
Grant EPA-R-812808
For system on diskette, see PB88-195532. Sponsored
by Robert S. Kerr Water Research Center, Ada, OK.
An interactive software system was developed to
enable decision makers to simulate the movement and
fate of hazardous chemicals during land treatment of
oily wastes. The mathematical model known as the
Regulatory and Investigative Treatment Zone Model or
RITZ was developed and published earlier by
Short(1985). The model incorporates the influence of
oil in the sludge, water movement, volatilization, and
degradation upon the transport and fate of a hazard-
ous chemical. The manual describes the conceptual
framework and assumptions used by Short (1985) in
developing the model. It then explains the micro-com-
puter hardware and software requirements, the input
parameters for the model, and the graphical and tabu-
lar outputs which can be selected. Illustrations of the
use of the software are also included. The computa-
tional equations developed by Short (1985) are pre-
sented for completeness but are not derived.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Soil properties, Re-
action kinetics, Software, Simulation, 'Land treatment,
Path of pollutants, 'Oil wastes, Interactive software
system.
PB88-195631/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
National Ambient Volatile Organic Compounds
(VOCs) Data Base Update, Documentation. Final
rept.,
Nero and Associates, Inc., Portland, OR.
J J. Shah, and E. K. Heyerdahl. Mar 88,131p EPA/
600/3-88/01 OA,, EPA/DF/DK-88/043A
Contract EPA 68-02-4190
For system on diskette, see PB88-189022. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Data on the observed concentrations of three hundred
twenty (320) volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were
compiled, critically evaluated, and assembled into a re-
lational data base. Ambient (i.e., outdoor) measure-
ments, indoor data, and data collected with personal
monitors are included. The data are primarily from the
period 1970-1987 and for locations within the United
States. In order to compare data from many different
sources, each concentration record in the data base
represents the daily average for a single chemical,
wherever feasible. The total data base contains more
than 175,000 concentration records. Summaries of the
data distributions are tabulated in the report. Aver-
ages, medians and quartile values are given for each
chemical measured in both the ambient and indoor site
categories. Median values are also listed for each
chemical for the eight specific site types included in
the data report. The ambient site types are: remote,
rural, suburban, urban, and source dominated. The
indoor category of site types include residential indoor,
workplace (non-industrial), and personal monitors. The
data have been assembled into a relational data base
using dBASE III Plus, a commercially available data
base management program. The report contains a
complete description of the data base files and a guide
describing the use of a prepared program for search-
ing and maintaining the data base.
Keywords: 'Volatile organic compounds, 'Air pollu-
tion, Concentration(Composition), Diskettes, "Ambient
air, Data bases.
PB88-195849/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Use of Flexible Membranes In Protection of
Groundwater,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
R. E. Landreth. Apr 88,18p EPA/600/D-88/060
Flexible membrane liners are increasingly being used
to prevent leachate and other waste fluids generated
at landfills, surface impoundments, and waste piles
from entering the groundwater. The paper will describe
the EPA's research program on treatment, storage
and disposal facilities with emphasis on containment
systems. The paper will identify landfill construction
concerns and potential solutions to those concerns.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, Ground water, Waste
treatment, Membranes, Linings, Land use, Earth fills,
Leaching, Fluid infiltration, Filters, Hazardous materi-
als, Coverings, Requirements, Quality control, Under-
ground disposal, Land disposal.
PB88-195656/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Bibliography for Northwest Florida
1900-1985,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
A. J. McErlean, and S. M. Means. Apr 88,325p EPA/
600/8-88/068
Prepared in cooperation with Computer Sciences
Corp., Gulf Breeze, FL.
The bibliography attempts to identify, acquire and
index available literature resources that can be used
for decision-making and environmental research. It
also includes a technical data base for studies related
to the area from Cape San Bias, Florida to Baldwin
County, Alabama.
Keywords: 'Regional planning, 'Environmental im-
pacts, "Land use, "Coasts, "Mexico Gulf, "Bibliogra-
phies, Population growth, Management, Conservation,
Marine fishes, Oceanographic data, Shellfish, Water
chemistry, Beaches, Soil stabilization, Ground water,
Sewage treatment, Drainage, "Northwestern
Region(Florida), Endangered species.
PB88-195664/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Findings of the Cnlorofluorocarbon Chemical
Substitute* International Committee. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
T. P. Nelson. Apr 88,142p* EPA/600/9-88/009
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report presents the findings of a select internation-
al committee of experts from industry and academia
on the subject of chemical substitutes for fully haloge-
nated chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). The committee,
over the course of two meetings, reviewed and dis-
cussed data and information on chemical alternatives
for fully halogenated CFCs now in use. The committee
acknowledged that, while there are many other possi-
ble chemical replacements, there is a dearth of infor-
mation on these compounds with regard to property
data, toxicity, and performance in end-use applica-
tions.
Keywords: 'Flurohydrocarbons, "Substitutes, Air pol-
lution, Toxicity, Ozone, Atmospheres, Pollution, Halo-
genation, Thermodynamics, "Foreign technology, Air
pollution control, Pollution control, Stationary sources.
PB88-195672/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Alternative Treatment Methods for Hazardous
Wastes,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
C. J. Dial. Apr 88,17p* EPA/600/D-88/061
Presented at the American Institute of Chemical Engi-
neers Meeting (Spring) Held at New Orleans, LA. on
March 6-10,1988.
The five-year schedule for the minimization and restric-
tions on the disposal of hazardous wastes onto the
land is described. Two major items are causing a shift
in the way hazardous wastes are managed in the
United States. Because of liability for hazardous
wastes, companies are seeking methods which will de-
toxify or destroy these wastes. Under the RCRA
amendments, best demonstrated available technology
(BDAT) is being determined for each waste stream and
is considered here. A description of the types of
wastes not readily treated by current technologies and
some of the deficiencies of these technologies are
covered. A description of the technologies currently
used in the Superfund Innovative Technology Evalua-
tion (SITE) Program.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, "Technology assess-
ment, Earth fills, Industrial wastes, Hazardous materi-
als, Waste disposal, Regulations, Biodeterioration, De-
toxification, "Hazardous wastes, "Superfund program,
"Solid waste management, Municipal wastes, Land
reclamation, Pollution control. Remedial actions.
PB88-195680/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
U.S./German Limb Technology Transfer. Final
rept. Mar 84-Jun 86,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
J. L. Reese, R. Payne, and Y. Chughtai. Apr 88,25p
EPA/600/7-88/004
Contract EPA-68-02-3966
Prepared in cooperation with Steinmueller (L. und C.)
G.m.b.H., Gummersbach (Germany, F.R.). Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research
Lab.
The report gives key findings of a program in which the
U.S. EPA participated, sponsored by the Umwelbunde-
samt (UBA), the German equivalent of the EPA. The
UBA program included retrofitting the 700 MWe
Weiher III utility boiler of the Saarbergwerke AG with
staged-mixing burners for NOx control, and sorbent in-
jection for SOx control. The program was considerably
reduced in scope because of restrictions placed on the
utility by local environmental officials concerning the
classification of the fly ash generated in the process.
During the limited testing period, S02 emissions were
reduced 8-64% depending on Ca/S molar ratio and
other operating conditions. An analysis of the test re-
sults suggests that the use of more reactive sorbents
could increase S02 removals to 30 and 60% at a Ca/
S ratio of 2, for limestone and calcium hydroxide, re-
spectively.
Keywords: "Boilers, "Sulfur dioxide, "Air pollution con-
trol, Technology transfer, Burners, Nitrogen oxide,
Sulfur oxides, Tests, Fly ash, Electrostatic precipita-
tors, Sorbents, Diagrams, Particles, Limestone, Coal,
United States, West Germany, LIMB program, Retrofit-
ting.
PB88-195698/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Boilers Cofiring Hazardous Waste: Effects of Hys-
teresis on Performance Measurements,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
I. J. Licis, and H. B. Mason. Apr 88,17p EPA/600/D-
88/058
Prepared in cooperation with Acurex Corp., Mountain
View, CA.
The Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Labora-
tory (HWERL) has conducted full scale and pilot scale
boiler testing to determine hazardous waste destruc-
tion and removal efficiencies (DRE's) and other asso-
ciated boiler performance parameters during the last
five years. The effort investigated several anomalous
boiler performance areas dealing with non-steady and
off-design boiler operation and included measure-
ments of volatile and semi-volatile organics in the flue
gas as well as the fate of some heavy metals intro-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
duced into the system. The tests were performed at
pilot scale and investigated hysteresis effects, phe-
nomena detected during earlier full-scale testing.
These hysteresis effects are defined as the propensity
for a boiler to retain certain organic components of the
feed material (beyond the duration to a typical sam-
pling protocol), to be released over a longer time frame
in an unspecific manner. The effort attempted to identi-
fy the presence of these effects beyond random varia-
tion, background concentrations and sampling prob-
lems such as sample contamination. These tests were
partially successful at characterizing hysteresis phe-
nomena as well as establishing a qualitative signifi-
cance of these effects on the accuracy of DRE and
other performance measurements.
Keywords: "Boilers, "Hazardous materials, Furnaces,
Hysteresis, Performance tests, Flue gases, Removal,
Destruction, Efficiency, Effectiveness, Performance
evaluation, Simulation, Hazardous wastes, Stationary
sources.
PB88-195706/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Simulated Effects of Hydrocarbon Emissions
Controls on Seasonal Ozone Levels in the North-
eastern United States: A Preliminary Study,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
R. G. Lamb. Apr 88,95p EPA/600/3-88/017
The second generation Regional Oxidant Model
(ROM2) was used to simulate ozone concentrations in
the Northeastern United States over two week periods
in each of three months: April, July and August 1980.
In each period three separate model simulations were
performed. The first of these, the base case, used the
1980 NAPAP 5.3 emissions Inventory to specify an-
thropogenic hydrocarbon and NO* emissions. The
second simulation, Control Strategy 1, assumed
county-specific reductions of 5% to 50% in hydrocar-
bon emissions and the third simulation, Control Strate-
gy 2, reduced VOC emissions from Control Strategy 1
an additional 22% across the board. In all three simu-
lations the NOx emissions were the same and the hy-
drocarbon emissions from natural sources were identi-
cal. The predicted ozone changes that result from the
emissions changes were extrapolated from the three,
2-week periods to the ozone season', which begins on
1 April and runs through 31 October. Three general
conclusions were drawn: (1) reducing hydrocarbon
emission rates generally reduces ozone levels; (2) the
emissions changes proposed in control strategies 1
and 2 reduce peak 03 concentrations most - they
W8 «rliially no effect on concentrations below about
the 95-percentile level; (3) the impact of controls on
ozone levels is sensitive to meteorological conditions.
Keywords: *Ozone, 'Emission, Seasonal variations,
Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides, Models, Extrapola-
rPn'- Simulation, Meteorology, Northeast
Region(United States), Air pollution control, Regional
Oxidant Model, Volatile organic compounds.
PB88-195714/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Effects of Composted Municipal Sludge on Soil-
borne Plant Pathogens,
Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center
Wooster. Dept. of Plant Pathology.
H. A. J. Hoitink, A. F. Schmitthenner, and J. A. Ryan
Apr 88, 70p EPA/600/2-88/024
Grant EPA-R-810581
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The effect of composted municipal sludge (CMS) on
soilborne plant pathogens was evaluated in three sets
of experiments. Studies with soybeans over three
growing seasons investigated the effect of CMS on
root rot severity and yield in Phytophthora-infested
soil, the effect of application timing, and the residual
effects of CMS applied during the previous season.
Suppression of Rhizoctonia and Pythium diseases in
ornamental plants by use of CMS-amended container
media was studied along with the effects on disease
suppression by compost curing and storage of formu-
lated container media. A third study of bacterial an-
tagonists' interactions with Trichoderma hamatum in
suppression of Pythium and Rhizoctonia damping-off
in sludge- and bark-compost container media included
study of population development of several of the bac-
terial substrates.
1052 Vol. 90, No. 24
Keywords: "Sludge, Composts, Plant pathology, Plant
diseases, Phytophthora, Soybeams, Fungicides, Orna-
mental plants.
PB88-195722/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Field Operations and Quality Assurance/Quality
Control for Direct/Delayed Response Project Soil
Mapping Activities in the Southern Blue Ridge
Region,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. A. Lammers, D. L. Cassell, J. J. Lee, D. L. Stevens,
and W. G. Campbell. Apr 88,139p EPA/600/3-88/016
See also PB88-171301. Prepared in cooperation with
Forest Service, Washington, DC., Northrop Sen/ices,
Inc., Corvallis, OR., and Eastern Oregon State Coll., La
Grande.
The Direct/Delayed Response Project is a three-level
program designed to address concern over potential
acidification of surface waters by atmospheric deposi-
tion within the United States. The mapping phase of
the Southern Blue Ridge Region soil survey was con-
ducted during the fall and winter of 1985-86 to charac-
terize spatial distribution of soils, land use, vegetation,
depth to bedrock, and lithology of 35 watersheds
thought to be susceptible to acidic deposition. The
document describes planning activities and summa-
rizes field operations and quality assurance/quality
control activities associated with mapping of the
region.
Keywords: "Soil mapping, "Acid rain, Water pollution.
Watersheds, Lithology, Land use, Quality assurance,
Quality control, Direct/Delayed Response Project,
Southern Blue Ridge Region(United States).
PB88-195987/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Flow Structure of Recirculating Wake Flows
Downwind of Surface-Mounted Bluff Obstacles,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
R. E. Lawson, W. H. Snyder, and J. C. R. Hunt. cApr
87,8p EPA/600/D-88/065
Prepared in cooperation with Cambridge Univ. (Eng-
land). Dept. of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical
Physics.
Wind-tunnel tests were conducted to examine the sur-
face and centerplane flow structure downwind of sev-
eral surface-mounted obstacles immersed in shallow
and deep boundary layers for Reynolds numbers on
the order of 10 to the fifth power. Observations were
made using the ink-dot method of flow visualization
wherein dots of soluble ink were placed on the surface
to be examined, then, just prior to the tests, dissolved
with a thin coating of oil-of-wintergreen. The move-
ment of the resulting ink-tracer under the action of sur-
face stresses produced detailed records of the near-
surface flow patterns even in these highly turbulent, re-
circulating flows. The resulting flow features are shown
to be qualitatively similar to those obtained by other in-
vestigators using more time-consuming quantitative
techniques or less-detailed qualitative techniques.
Centerplane flow patterns obtained by the introduction
of centerplane splitter plates were found to distort the
geometry of the wake flow pattern while maintaining a
topological^ consistent structure. Small changes in
the shape of the body are shown to produce rather
dramatic changes in the structure of the recirculating
wake downwind of the body.
Keywords: "Cliffs, "Turbulent flow, "Flow visualization,
"Wakes, Model tests, Vortices, Wind tunnels, Bounda-
ry layer, Barriers, Flow distribution, Circulation, Reyn-
olds number. Diagrams, Reprints, "Ink dot technique.
PB88-195995/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Feasibility for Performing a Risk Assessment on
Pathogens. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
L. Fradkin, S. Lutkenhoff, J. Stara, E. Lomnitz, and B.
Cornaby. cDec 85,8p EPA/600/J-85/526
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Pollution Control Federation. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Battelle Columbus Labs.,
OH.
The paper evaluates the practicality of formulating
guidelines to assess the risk associated with exposure
to pathogens in sludge. Risk assessment may be used
to determine the likelihood that an environmental
agent may cause human disease (that is, potential to
cause human cancer or toxicity). On the assumption
that the agent causes a particular disease, given cur-
rent and projected exposure levels, a quantitative eval-
uation can be made on the magnitude of the likely
impact of the agent on public health. In the study, the
feasibility of performing a microbiological risk assess-
ment for pathogens in municipal wastewater sludge by
various disposal options was evaluated.
Keywords: "Disease vectors, "Sludge disposal, "Mu-
nicipalities, Risk, Assessments, Feasibility, Humans,
Exposure, Public health, Reprints.
PB88-196001/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas
NV.	'
Interlaboratory Evaluation of SW-846 Methods
7470	and 7471 for the Determination of Mercury In
Environmental Samples,
Battelle Columbus Div., OH.
J. E. Gebhart, J. D. Messman, and G. F. Wallace Apr
88,69p EPA/600/4-88/011
Contract EPA-68-03-3226
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The EPA protocols for SW-846 Methods 7470 and
7471	are cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrometric
(CV-AAS) methods for the determination of mercury in
aqueous and solid environmental samples. In continu-
ation of a previous single-laboratory study in which a
revised more sensitive mercury CV-AAS method for
environmental analyses was evaluated, the revised
CV-AAS method has been subjected to an interlabora-
tory study.
Keywords: 'Mercury(Metal), "Wastes, "Environmental
tests, Hazardous materials, Vapors, Spectrometers,
Spectroscopy, Contaminants, Water pollution, "Solid
wastes, Pollutants.
PB88-196019/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Reference Physiological Parameters in Pharmaco-
kinetic Modeling. Final rept.,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
A. D. Arms, and C. C. Travis. Feb 88,112p*
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment.
The document presents a compilation of measured
values for physiological parameters used in pharmaco-
kinetic modeling. The physiological parameters in-
clude body weight, tissue volumes, cardiac output dis-
tribution, and respiration parameters. Reference
values for use in risk assessment are given for each of
the physiological parameters based on analyses of
valid measurements obtained from the literature and
other reliable sources. The proposed reference values
are for generic mice and rats without regard to sex or
strain. Reference values for humans are without
regard to age or sex. Differences between the sexes in
mice, rats, and humans are accounted for by scaling
the reference parameters within species on the basis
of body weight. Reference physiological parameters
are for a 0.025 kg mouse, 0.25 kg rat, and a 70 kg man.
Keywords: "Physiological effects, "Risk, Chemical
compounds. Pharmacology, Drugs, Physiology, Mice,
Rats, Humans, Exposure, Metabolism, Respiration]
Biochemistry, "Pharmacokinetics.
PB88-196027/HSU	PC A24/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab
Air Pollution Control Alternatives for Shale Oil
Production Operations. Final rept. Dec 85-Dec 87,
KVB, Inc., Irvine, CA.
H. J. Taback, and R. J. Goldstick. Mar 88, 574p
KVB72-807430-2031, EPA/600/7-88/003
Contract EPA-68-03-3166
Prepared in cooperation with Metcalf and Eddy, Inc
Wakefield, MA. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report consolidates, evaluates, and presents
available air pollution emission data and air pollution
control technology relevant to oil shale production, for
use by project developers in preparing environmental
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Clean Air Act and for local regulatory approval. Proc-
esses covered include: Subsurface and surface
mining; Raw shale sizing and handling; In situ and
aboveground retorting; Spent shale combustion and
disposal; Product upgrading. Air pollution control tech-
nology covered includes traditional processes for
NOx(Nitrogen Oxides), sulfur compounds, particulates,
VOCs(Volatile Organic Compounds), and CO(Carbon
Monoxide) control. Recently developed control proc-
esses not discussed elsewhere in the literature are
also discussed and include: Catalytic mufflers for NOx,
VOC, and CO control on surface and subsurface vehi-
cles; wet scrubbing process (caustic/charcoal/sodium
hypochlorite solution) for organic sulfur compounds;
Staged combustion for NOx control of high-nitrogen
fuels.
Keywords: 'Oil shale mining, 'Air pollution control,
'Shale oil. Nitrogen oxides, Surface mining, Sulfur
oxides, Spent shales, Volatile organic compounds, Re-
torting, Particulates, Carbon monoxide. Scrubbing,
Combustion, Staged combustion, Dust collectors, Acti-
vated carbon, Flue gas, Claus process, Diesel engines,
Desulfurization.
PB88-196035/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Inhalation of Ethylene Dlchlorlde on
Pulmonary Defenses of Mice and Rats. Journal arti-
er Research Inst., Chicago, IL.
s I Sherwood. W. O'Shea, C. Aranyi, and J. A.
Graham. C1987,8p EPA/600/J-87/321
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v91
P491-496 1987. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The effects of single or multiple 3-hr inhalation expo-
sures to ethylene dichloride (dichloroethane or DCE)
on macrophage functions and pulmonary defense
were evaluated. Single exposures to the TLV level of
DCE (10 ppm) resulted in decreased pulmonary bacte-
ricidal activity and increased susceptibility to mortality
from Streptococcus 2 zooepidemicus respiratory infec-
tion Streptococcal-induced mortality was also in-
creased after a single exposure to 5 ppm DCE. No in-
crease in mortality was observed following single or 5
consecutive daily exposures to 2.5 ppm DCE. Single
exposures to 10 ppm DCE significantly decreased the
number of cells recovered by pulmonale lavage but did
not affect alveolar macrophage inhibition of the prolif-
eration of a tumor target cell in vitro, or the in vitro
phagocytosis of (51)Cr-chicken red blood cells. The
activity of the ectoenzyme leucine aminopeptidase
was increased in alveolar macrophages of DCE-ex-
oosed mice. It is hypothesized that exposure of mice to
DCE for 3-hr results in increased susceptibility to pul-
monary bacterial infection by altering the functioning of
•tie resident alveolar macrophage population. (Copy-
right (c) 1987 by Academic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Ethylene, 'Chlorohydrocarbons, 'Respi-
ratory diseases, Streptococcal infections, Respiratory
infections. Ra's, Mice, Ethane, Respiration, toxicity,
Lymphocytes, Reprints, 'Ethylene dichlorides,
•Hydrocarbons(Chlorinated), 'Lung diseases, Pulmo-
nary alveoli.
PBM-196043/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Texas Univ. System Cancer Center, Smithville.
¦Inflation. Promotion, and Complete Carclnogene-
JV- by N-Methyl-N'-Nltro-N-Nltro»oguanldlne or
Ftfivln'trosourea In the SENCAR Mouse Skin Tu-
¦nortaenesie Model. Journal article,
Meaitn Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Sarit NC.
iic iyConnell, S. Nesnow, andT. J. Slaga. C1987,
1MEPA/600/J-87/318
ofS in Cancer Letters, v37 p301-310 1987. Spon-
gored by Texas Univ. System Cancer Center, Smith-
viMe.
Five doses of either N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguani-
/•ne (MNNG) or ethylnitrosourea (ENU) were tested as
jjwnoiete carcinogens, tumor initiators and tumor pro-
moters in ,he SENCAR skin tumorigenesis model. As
£!nior initiators, MNNG-induced papillomas at all
Snase tested, white ENU was active from 10-40 micro-
SSniAs complete carcinogens, MNNG from doses of
TZs 0 micromol and ENU from doses of 10 micromol-
Xiijnieromol were potent inducers of both papillomas
anrteftrcinomas Indicating that these agents are active
iiboth tumor initiators and tumor promoters. (Copy-
right (c) 1987 Elsevier Scientific Publishers Ireland
Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Nitro compounds, 'Carcinogens, 'Skin
cancer, Mice, Neoplasms, Pharmacology, Toxicity, Re-
prints, 'Ethylnitrosourea, "Methylnitronitrosoguani-
dine, 'Skin neoplasms, Papilloma, Cocarcinogenesis.
PB88-196050/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Tumorigenic Responses to Lindane in Mice: Po-
tentiation by a Dominant Mutation. Journal article,
National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson,
AR
G. L. Wolff, D. W. Roberts, R. L. Morrissey, D. L.
Greenman, and R. R. Allen. C1987,11p EPA/600/J-
87/317
Pub. in Carcinogenesis, v8 n12 pi 889-1897 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Pathology Associates, Inc.,
Ijamsville, MD„ United Information Systems, McLean,
VA., and Arkansas Univ. for Medical Sciences, Little
Rock. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
The agouti locus on chromosome 2 in the house
mouse regulates the cyclic pattern of eumelanosome
and phaeomelanosome (black and yellow pigment
granules, respectively) and in the hair bulb. A dominant
mutation at the A(viable yellow) locus results in a
mouse with increased susceptibility for formation of
strain-specific neoplasms, a mottled yellow coat color,
and adult-onset obesity. A study of the specific func-
tion of this mutation in facilitating development of neo-
plasia in response to lindane (gamma-hexachlorocy-
clohexane) exposure in obese mottled yellow
A(variable yellow)/a, lean pseudoagouti A(variable
yellow/a, and lean black a/a (YS X VY) F-1 hybrid
female mice is described. Incidences of Clara cell hy-
perplasia and prevalences of hepatocellular adeno-
mas and carcinomas are discussed.
Keywords: 'Mutation, 'Proto oncogenes, 'Chloroben-
zenes, Mice(Obese), Obesity, Carcinogens, Adenoma,
Carcinoma, Hyperplasia, Reprints, House mouse, Lin-
dane, Clara cells.
PB88-196068/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Aerial Thermal Fog Applications of
Fenthion on Caged Pink Shrimp, Mysids and
Sheepshead Minnows. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
J. R. Clark, P. W. Borthwick, L. R. Goodman, J. M.
Patrick, and E. M. Lores. 1987,10p EPA/600/J-87/
313, CONTRIB-602
Pub. in Journal of The American Mosquito Control As-
sociation, v3 n3 p466-472 Sep 87.
Mosquito control applications of fenthion by aerial
thermal log equipment were studied at two sites in Col-
lier County, FL, for sprays that occurred on 20 and 23
June 1984. Acute, lethal effects of fenthion deposited
in these estuarine habitats were assessed for caged
pink shrimp (Penaeus duorarum), mysids (Mysidopsis
bahia), and sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon varie-
gatus). At Site 1, along a bay with substantial dilution
and tidal mixing, fenthion concentrations of 1.5 micro-
grams/I and 0.29 micrograms/1 were recorded imme-
diately after both sprays. Concentrations decreased
less than or equal to 0.020 micrograms/1 12 h post-
spray and no mortality was observed for caged pink
shrimp and mysids. Fenthion concentrations in surface
waters were toxic to caged pink shrimp and mysids
after both sprays.
Keywords: 'Cuiicidae, 'Insect control, 'Shrimps,
'Water pollution, 'Estuaries, Spraying, Animal ecolo-
gy, Minnows, Concentration(Composition), Phospho-
rus organic compounds, Crabs, Toxicity, Surface
waters, Reprints, Fenthion insecticide, Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB88-196076/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Toxicity of Sediment-Incorporated Drilling Fluids.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
J. R. Clark, and J. M. Patrick. 1987,6p EPA/600/J-87/
312
Pub. in Marine Pollution Bulletin, v18 nil O600-603
Nov 87.
The 24, 96, or 168-h LC50s of four used drilling fluids
or barite incorporated into sediment were determined
in toxicity tests with lancelets (Branchiostoma cari-
baeum), a benthic chordate. The number of lancelets
that did not burrow into contaminated sediments was
used to calculate EC50s at the same times that LCSOs
were determined. Observations of the burrowing be-
havior allowed quantitation of effects after 24-h expo-
sures to each of the drilling fluids whereas lancelet
mortality was sufficient to calculate 24-h LC50s for
only one drilling fluid. Drilling fluids were less toxic to
lancelets when incorporated into sediments than to
mysids (Mysidopsis bahia) or benthic invertebrate
communities in water-column exposures.
Keywords: 'Drilling fluids, "Toxicity, 'Sediments,
'Water pollution, Environmental impacts, Benthos,
Offshore drilling, Test methods, Invertebrates, Crusta-
cae, Exposure, Survival, Mortality,
Concentration(Composition), Barium, Tables(Data),
Reprints, 'Branchiostoma caribaeum, Lancelets, Mysi-
dopsis bahia, Invertebrates.
PB88-196159/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
New-Construction Techniques and HVAC (Heat-
ing, Venting and Air Conditioning) Overpresturl-
zatlon for Radon Reduction In Schools,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
K. A. Witter, A. B. Craig, and D. Saum. Apr 88,18p*
EPA/600/D-88/073
Construction of a school in Fairfax County, Virginia, is
being carefully monitored since elevated indoor radon
levels have been identified in many existing houses
near the site. Soil gas radon concentrations measured
prior to pouring of the slabs were also indicative of a
potential radon problem should the soil gas enter the
school; however, subslab radon measurements col-
lected thus far are lower than anticipated. In addition,
the school's heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning
(HVAC) system has been designed to operate contin-
ously in overpressurization to help reduce pressure-
driven entry of radon-containing soil gas into the build-
ing. Following completion, Indoor radon levels in the
school will be monitored to determine the effective-
ness of these radon-resistant new-construction tech-
niques and HVAC overpressurization in limiting radon
entry into the school.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'School buildings, Air pollution
control equipment, Atmosphere contamination control,
Construction, Schools, Ventilation, Soils, Sealers, Air
conditioning equipment, Gases, Air pollution control,
Pollution control, Stationary sources, Indoor air pollu-
tion.
PB88-196167/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Video Image Analyses of the Cross-Stream Distri-
bution of Smoke In the Near Wake of a Building,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
A. H. Huber, and S. P. S. Arya. Apr 88,8p EPA/600/D-
88/066
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina State
Univ. at Raleigh. Dept. of Marine, Earth and Atmos-
pheric Sciences.
In a wind-tunnel study, recorded video images of the
top view of smoke dispersion in the wake of a building
were analyzed. A continuous source of smoke was
emitted at floor level, midway along the leeward side of
the building. The technique and usefulness of analyz-
ing video images of smoke is demonstrated in a study
of building effects on smoke dispersion. The presenta-
tion discusses how the video image intensity is correct-
ed for background intensity and then normalized to a
scale of 0 to 100 percent. Profiles of the normalized
image mean intensity are compared with similar pro-
files for the mean concentration of hydrocarbon tracer.
The distributions of intensity of cross-stream profiles
are discussed. These distributions were analyzed in
time and space. Also, time-averaged cross-stream
profiles of mean, standard deviation, and other statis-
tics of image intensity are compared with traditional
concentration measurements for symmetric wake
flow.
Keywords: 'Smoke, Dispersion, Tests, Wind tunnels,
Wakes, Buildings, Images, Computer programs, Image
intensifies, Analyzing, Variation, Measurement, Digital
techniques, Air pollution, 'image analysis, 'Image en-
hancement, Video data, Wind tunnel tests.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-196175/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from
Sources of Benzene. Final rept. Aug 86-Mar 88,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
P. A. Cruse. Mar 88,219p* RAD-87-203-061-03-15,
EPA/450M-84/007Q
Contract EPA-68-02-4464
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
To assist groups interested in inventorying air emis-
sions of various potentially toxic substances, EPA is
preparing a series of documents such as this to com-
pile available information on sources and emissions of
these substances. The document deals specifically
with benzene. Its intended audience includes Federal,
State and local air pollution personnel and others inter-
ested in locating potential emitters of benzene making
gross estimates of air emissions therefrom. The docu-
ment presents information on (1) the types of sources
that may emit benzene, (2) process variations and re-
lease points that may be expected within these
sources, and (3) available emissions information indi-
cating the potential for benzene release into the air
from each operation.
Keywords: 'Benzene, *Air pollution, Inventories,
Sources, "Emissions sources, "Toxic substances.
PB88-196225/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Gap Filling PM10 Emission Factors (or Selected
Open Area Dust Sources,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
M. A. Grelinger, G. Muleski, J. S. Kinsey, C. Cowherd,
and D. Hecht. Feb 88, 55p EPA/450/4-88/003
Contract EPA-68-02-389)
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The report presents PM10 (Particulate matter with an
aerodynamic diameter of less than or equal to 10 mi-
crometers) emission factors for open area dust
sources not currently addressed in AP-42. These emis-
sion factors were developed mainly through indirect
estimation techniques, such as drawing upon existing
emission factors from similar sources, or upon engi-
neering judgment. These gap filling factors provide a
basis for completing PM10 emission inventories until
more directly supportable factors can be developed.
Keywords: Emission, Particle size, Standards, Invento-
ries, Dust control, Air pollution, "Particulates, "Emis-
sion factors, Air quality.
PB88-196241/HSU	PCA02/MFA01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Effects of Segregation and Selection on Instabil-
ity of Plasmid pACYC184 In 'Escherichia coli'B.
Journal article,
California Univ., Irvine. Dept. of Ecology and Evolution-
ary Biology.
^"-enski, and J. E. Bouma. c1987,5p EPA/600/J-
o7/311
Grant EPA-R-813401
Pub. in Jnl, of Bacteriology, v169 nil p5314-5316 Nov
87. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Gulf
Breeze, FL.
The authors use a mathematical model to analyze the
dynamics of loss of nonconjugative pACYC184 from
populations of Escherichia coli B in glucose-limited
continuous culture. The model incorporates both plas-
mid segregation and selection against plasmid car-
riage. It is concluded that there is intense selection
against plasmid carriage (s = 0.3 per culture genera-
tion), which amplifies the frequency of segregants aris-
ing de novo. (Copyright (c) 1987, American Society for
Microbiology.)
Keywords: "Tolerances(Physiology), Bacteria, "Cell di-
vision, "Antibiotics, Escherchi coli. Mathematical
models, Selection, Deoxyribonucleic acids, Popula-
tions, Dynamics, "Plasmids, Hosts.
PB88-196258/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Reproductive Rhythmicity of the Atherinid Fish,
'Colplchthys regis', from Estero Del Soldado,
Sonora, Mexico. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
G. A. Russell, D. P. Middaugh, and M. J. Hemmer. Feb
87, 9p EPA/600/J-87/310, CONTRIB-586
Pub. in California Fish and Game, v73 n3 p169-174
Nov 87. Prepared in cooperation with South Carolina
Univ., Columbia. Belle W. Baruch Inst, for Marine Biol-
ogy and Coastal Research.
The reproductive rhythmicity of the false grunion, Col-
pichthys regis, was observed in the Estero del Sol-
dado, Mexico during October 1982 through January
1983. Spawning runs occurred at approximately 2-
week intervals during daytime high tides. These high
tides coincided with new and full moons. Spawning
only occurred when predicted tidal heights were equal
to or greater than 0.73 m above MLW. Eggs were de-
posited in the upper intertidal zone in locations that ap-
peared to provide protection from predators, thermal
stress and desiccation.
Keywords: *Rhythm(8iology), "Marine fishes,
'Reproduction(Biology), "Mexico, Height, Ocean
tides, Animal migrations, Intertidal zone, Eggs, Diurnal
variations, Reprints, "Calpichtys regis. False grunion,
Spawning.
PB88-196266/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD. Div. of Cancer
Etiology.
Exocrine Pancreatic Neoplasms Induced by Meth-
ylazoxymethanol Acetate In the Guppy Poecllla
reticulata'. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
J. W. Fournie, W. E. Hawkins, R. M. Overstreet, and W.
W. Walker. c1987,13p EPA/600/J-87/309
Contract NO 1-CP-2-6008
Pub. in Jnl. of the National Cancer Institute, v78 n4
p715-725 Apr 87. Prepared in cooperation with Gulf
Coast Research Lab., Ocean Springs, MS. Sponsored
by National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD. Div. of Cancer
Etiology, and Army Medical Research and Develop-
ment Command, Washington, DC.
Exocrine pancreatic neoplasms developed in the
guppy Poecillia reticulata following a single brief expo-
sure to methylazoxymethanol acetate. Fish 6-10 days
old were exposed to concentrations of MAM-Ac up to
100 mg/liter for 2 hours. Exposed specimens were
transferred to carcinogen-free water and sampled peri-
odically for tumor development. Pancreatic neoplasms
occurred in approximately 9% of histologically exam-
ined individuals exposed to 10 mg MAM-Ac/liter or
less. Neoplastic lesions were not found in 122 control
specimens. The neoplasms included 6 cases diag-
nosed as adenoma, 7 cases diagnosed as acinar cell
carcinoma, and 2 cases diagnosed as adenocarcino-
ma. The findings of carcinogen-induced pancreatic
neoplasms in guppies further strengthen the useful-
ness of small fish species in carcinogen testing.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Pancreatic neo-
plasms, *Fresh water fishes, "Water pollution, Car-
cinogens, Exposure, Histology, Sampling, Malignant
neoplasms. Humans, Laboratory animals, Adenoma,
Adenocarcinomas, Cells(Biology), Tests, Cytoplasm,
Photomicrographs, Reprints, Methylazoxymethanol
acetate, MAM-Ac, Poecilla reticulata, Guppy.
PB88-196274/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Squamous Cell Carcinoma In the Gulf Menhaden,
'Brevoortia patronus' Goode. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
J. W. Fournie, W. K. Vogelbein, and R. M. Overstreet.
C1987,6p EPA/600/J-87/308
Pub. in Jnl. of Fish Diseases, v10 p133-136 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Gulf Coast Research Lab.,
Ocean Springs, MS.
The communication reports a case (RTLA 3618) of
squamous cell carcinoma from the gulf menhaden,
Brevoortia patronus Goode, the first tumor reported
from the species. The affected fish was collected in a
gill net on 15 January 1986 in the northern Gulf of
Mexico near Round Island, Mississippi. It weighed 122
g and was 170 mm in standard length. One small area
of the tumor periphery was reminiscent of epithelial
pearl formation common in mammalian squamous cell
carcinomas. Some skeletal muscle and bone was
present in the tumor mass.
Keywords. "Malignant neoplasms, "Marine fishes,
"Mexico Gulf, Animal diseases, Weight(Mass), Length!
Histology, Photomicrographs, Cell morphology, Mrto-
sis, Reprints, "Brevoortia patronus. Menhaden fish,
Lesions.
PB88-196282	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Complete Catalytic Oxidation of volatile Organic*.
Journal article,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. J. Spivey. C1987,18p EPA/600/J-87/328
Grant EPA-R-812522-01-0
Pub. in Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., v26 n11 p2165-2180
1987. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lab.
The paper reviews heterogeneous catalytic oxidation,
focusing on its application to the control of volatile or-
ganic compounds (VOCs) at operating conditions typi-
cal of field applications. The parameters for this review
are: low to moderate temperatures (25-400 C), atmos-
pheric pressure, high space velocity (1000-100,000/
hr), and low organic reactant concentration (roughly
100-1000 ppm) in air. Heterogeneous catalytic oxida-
tion of organic compounds is an important and in-
tensely studied area. However, most reported re-
search deals with the partial oxidation of petrochemi-
cal feedstocks to make products of economic value
(e.g., ethylene oxide from ethylene), automotive ex-
haust catalysts, or CO oxidation. Complete (or dqep)
catalytic oxidation of low molecular weight VOCs in air
has received relatively little attention. (Copyright (c)
1987 by the American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: "Catalysis, Oxidation, Organic compounds.
Volatility, Models, Reviews, Air pollution control, Re-
prints, "Volatile organic compounds, Pollution control.
Stationary sources.
PB88-196290/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Screening Methodology for Assessing Potential
Health Effects from Municipal Sludge Inciner-
ators. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
L. Fradkin, R. J, F. Bruins, S. D. Lutkenhoff, J. F. Stara.
and E. Lomnltz. 1987,7p* EPA/600/J-87/319
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v37
n4 p395-399 1987.
The paper describes a risk assessment methodology
for preliminary assessment of municipal sludge incin-
eration. The methodology is a valuable tool in that It
can be used for determining the hazard indices of
chemical contaminants that might be present in
sewage sludge used in incineration. The paper exam-
ines source characteristics (i.e., facility design), atmos-
pheric dispersion of emission, and resulting human ex-
posure and risk from sludge incinerators. Seven of the
ten organics were screened for further investigation.
An example of the calculations are presented for cad-
mium.
Keywords: "Sludge disposal, "Incinerators, Sludge,
Sewage treatment, Assessments, Methodology, Cad-
mium, Emission, Atmospheric contamination control.
Dispersing, Exposure, Risk, Air pollution, Computation
Contaminants, Waste disposal, Public health,
prints, "Risk assessment, Emission factors, Sewage
sludge, Incineration.
PB86-196308	Not available NTIS
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas.
NV.
Accuracy of Ross pH Combination Electrodes in
Dilute Sulphuric Acid Standards. Journal article,
Lockheed-EMSCO, Las Vegas, NV.
R. C. Metcalf. C1987,8p EPA/600/J-87/327
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
Pub. in Analyst, vl 12 pi 573-1577 Nov 87. Sponsored
by Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Lu
Vegas, NV.
The mean observed pH of a 5.00 plus or minus 0.05 x
0.00001 M H2504 solution was 4.06 plus or minus 0.Q5
(2s) for 485 pH measurements by seven different oper.
ators, using nine Orion Ross Model 81-94b pH combi-
nation electrodes and four different pH meters over 8
weeks. Traditional methods using activity coefficients
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
give a pH of 4.005 for this solution and the liquid junc-
tion potential error, yields a calculated pH for this
standard of 4.030. The difference between the calcu-
lated pH, corrected by a larger residual liquid junction
potential error than was calculated for this electrode
with the currently available methods. Consequently,
the assumption of a negligible residual junction poten-
tial error in future pH measurements of dilute acid
standards is subject to question in accurate work. Fur-
ther progress in the field seems limited by the non-
availability of technological innovations which provide
highly reproducible liquid junction potential errors or
minimize temperature equilibration errors in pH
probes. (Copyright (c) Analyst, November 1987, Vol.
112.)
Keywords: "pH, "Sulfuric acid, "Electrodes, Water pol-
lution, Chemical analysis, Electrochemistry, Environ-
mental tests, Reprints, Acid rain. Environmental moni-
toring.
PB88-196316/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Extraction and Purification of Microbial DNA from
Sediments. Journal article,
Tennessee Univ., Knoxville.
A. Ogram, G. S. Sayler, and T. Barkay. c1987,13p
EPA/600/J-87/314
Grant EPA-R-812488
Pub. in Jnl. of Microbiological Methods 7, p57-66 1987.
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Gulf
Breeze, FL.
A new method for the isolation of intracellular and ex-
tracellular DNA from a range of sediment types has
been developed. The method is based upon the direct
lysis of cells in the sediment, extraction of released
DNA from the sediments and its subsequent purifica-
tion by CsC1 -EtBr gradient centrifugation and/or hy-
droxyapatite chromatography. Yields of 26 micro-
grams intracellular DNA and 1 microgram extracellular
iNA have been obtained per gram of sediment.
(Copyright (c) Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (Bio-
medical Division).)
Keywords: 'Deoxyribonucleic acids, 'Sediments, "Pu-
rification, 'Extraction, Chromatography, Cells(Biology),
Bacteria, Centrifuging, Microbiology, Microorganisms,
Soils, Reprints, "DNA.
PB88-196324/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Human Variability in Susceptibility to Toxic
Chemicals: A Preliminary Analysis of Pharmaco-
kinetic Data from Normal Volunteers. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
D. Hattis, L. Erdreich, and M. Ballew. 1987,12p EPA/
600/J-87/320
Pub. in Risk Analysis, v7 n4 p415-424 1987. See also
PB87-101242. Prepared in cooperation with Massa-
chusetts Inst, of Tech., Cambridge. Center for Tech-
nology, Policy and Industrial Development.
The tenfold 'uncertainty' factor traditionally used to
guard against human interindividual differences in sus-
ceptibility to toxicity is not based on human observa-
tions. To begin to build a basis for quantifying an im-
portant component of overall variability in susceptibility
to toxicity, a data base has been constructed of individ-
ual measurements of key pharmacokinetic parameters
for specific substances (mostly drugs) in groups of at
least five healthy adults. 72 of the 101 data sets stud-
ied were positively skewed, indicating that the distribu-
tions are generally closer to expectations for log-
normal distributions than for normal distributions.
Measurements of interindividual variability in elimina-
tion half-lives, maximal blood concentrations, and AUC
(area under the curve of blood concentration by time)
have median values of log sub 10 geometric standard
deviations in the range of 0.11-0.145. For the median
chemical, therefore, a tenfold difference in these phar-
macokinetic parameters would correspond to 7-9
standard deviations in populations of normal healthy
adults.
Keywords: 'Risk analysis, Toxicity, Humans, Dose,
Variability, Reprints, "Toxic substances, Pharmacokin-
etic parameters, Susceptibility.
PB88-196332/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Comparability of In vitro and In vivo Methods for
the Determination of Alterations in Drug Metabo-
lism. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park. NC.
G. P. Carlson, and R. W. Chadwick. c1987,16p EPA/
600/J-87/316
Pub. in Toxicology Letters, v39 p125-138 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN.
School of Pharmacy and Pharmacal Sciences.
The article reviews the use of model substrates to
assess the capacity of the liver to metabolize xenobio-
tics via the myriad of drug metabolizing pathways avail-
able to it. The applicability of model compounds to act
as predictors of in vivo drug metabolism in man and
animals was evaluated, and the advantages and limita-
tions of these assays are indicated. (Copyright (c)
1987 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (Biomedical Di-
vision.)
Keywords: 'Liver, 'Metabolism, "Drugs, 'Toxicity,
Laboratory animals, Humans, In vitro analysis, In vivo
analysis, Comparison, Substrates, Antipyrine, Models,
Evaluation, Reprints, Xenobiotics.
PB88-196340/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Chemistry and Photochemistry of Low-Volatlllty
Organic Chemicals on Environmental Surfaces.
Journal article,
Nevada Univ., Reno.
G. C. Miller, V. R. Hebert, and R. G. Zepp. C1987,6p
EPA/600/J-87/322
Grant EPA-R-813336
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v21
n12 p1164-1167 Dec 87. Sponsored by Environmental
Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Hydrophobic organic xenobiotics such as polychlori-
nated dibenzodioxins and polycyclic aromatic hydro-
carbons have strong tendencies to sorb on environ-
mental surfaces. The paper summarizes a workshop in
which scientists and modelers assembled to discuss
nonbiological processes that affect sorption to soil or
sediment surfaces and on atmospheric particles. The
20 scientists discussed a variety of topics with a major
emphasis on the fate of chlorinated dioxins. The topics
include transformation processes, mobility of organic
pollutants, fate of organics, and evaluative fate
models. (Copyright (c) 1987 American Chemical Soci-
ety.)
Keywords: 'Aromatic hydrocarbons, 'Contamination,
'Adsorption, Sediments, Soils, Contaminants, Organic
chemistry, Polycyclic compounds, Pollution, Sorption,
Photochemical reactions, Photolysis, Fly ash, Volatili-
ty, Reprints, 'Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Pol-
lutants.
PB88-1963S7/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
National Air Audit System Guidance Manual for FY
1988 - FY 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Feb 88,343p EPA/450/2-88/002
The purpose of developing national air audit system
guidelines is to establish standardized criteria for EPA
Regions to follow when auditing State air program ac-
tivities. The document, prepared jointly by tne State
and Territorial Air Pollution Program Administrators
(STAPPA), the Association of Local Air Pollution Con-
trol Officials (ALAPCO), and the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, provides national air audit guidelines for
air quality planning and SIP activities, new source
review, compliance assurance, monitoring, and vehicle
inspection and maintenance programs.
Keywords: 'Audits, 'Air pollution control, 'State gov-
ernment, Manuals, Sources, Inspection, Motor vehi-
cles, Maintenance, Questionnaires, Monitoring, Na-
tional Air Audit System, Compliance.
PB88-196480/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Radiological Survey of Kings Bay Submarine Sup-
port Facility. Final rept.,
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
S. T. Windham. Oct 87, 19p EPA 520/5-87/008
The Office of Radiation Programs identifies and evalu-
ates environmental public health impacts of both natu-
ral and man-made radiation sources. The report pre-
sents results of the survey conducted by EERF per-
sonnel to assess levels of environmental radioactivity
resulting from maintenance and operation of nuclear-
powered warships at the Kings Bay Submarine Sup-
port Facility, Kingsland, Georgia. The purpose of the
survey was to determine if activities related to nuclear-
powered warship resulted in release of radionuclides
which may contribute to significant population expo-
sure or contamination of the environment.
Keywords: 'Radiation, Survey, Radioactive isotopes,
Submarines, Warships, Samples, Analyzing, Radiation
measurement, Environmental effects.
PB88-196498/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Defiance County Lost Creek Demonstration
Project. Rept. for 1980-85,
Defiance Soil and Water Conservation District, OH.
R. Rettig. Jan 87,80p EPA/905/9-87/001,, GLNPO-
87/01
Grant EPA-S-005553-01
Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Chi-
cago, IL. Great Lakes National Program Office.
The purpose of the project is to demonstrate methods
of reducing nutrient runoff and improving water quality
flowing from non-point sources to Lake Erie specifical-
ly from agricultural land. The Project proposed to dem-
onstrate and measure the effectiveness of best man-
agement practices in reducing sediment and nutrient
loss from agricultural land. Best Management Prac-
tices are soil conservation practices which are expect-
ed to have a beneficial impact on water quality. Sever-
al unique and innovative practices were to be demon-
strated on the fine textured lake plain soils and the
suitability of these practices as they relate to crop pro-
duction was also to be evaluated. Primary conserva-
tion practices demonstrated were no-till and ridge till
land management along with fertilizer and pesticide
application. Pest scouting was also done.
Keywords: "Water quality, 'Runoff, 'Soil erosion, Cul-
tivation, Soil conservation, Sediments, Lake Erie,
Phosphorous, Agronomy, Soil mechanics, 'Demon-
stration projects, Defiance County(Ohio).
PB88-196647/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Proceedings of a Meeting on Ocean Modeling Ef-
forts at EPA (Environmental Protection Agency).
Final rept.,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
10 Feb 87,102p EPA/520/1-87/013
A meeting on the 'Ocean Modeling Efforts at EPA' was
convened on February 10,1987, at EPA Headquarters
in Washington, DC. More than forty Environmental
Protection Agency scientific and managerial staff, and
scientists from the private sector attended the one-day
meeting. The document was developed from confer-
ence tapes and view graphs provided by the speakers.
It includes ten presentations on Modeling Efforts that
address the problems encountered, methodology
used, assumptions made and results obtained.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Ocean environments,
'Meetings, Mathematical models, Solid waste dispos-
al, Incineration, Outfall sewers, Radioactive wastes,
Risk, Sediment transport, Sewage disposal, Plumes,
Protection, Deep water, Continental shelves, Path of
pollutants, Environmental Protection Agency.
PB88-196654/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Radon Reference Manual. Final rept.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Sep 87,141p* EPA/520/1-87/20
The manual follows the question and answer format
presented in the EPA pamphlet 'A Citizen's Guide to
Radon'. Each section of the manual provides a more
detailed discussion of the issues underlying each sec-
tion of the pamphlet and cites the sources of informa-
tion used by EPA to formulate each answer. In addi-
tion, the derivations of certain estimates (such as total
lung cancer deaths and radon risk levels) are ex-
plained to allow comparison between EPA's methodol-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ogy and other approaches presented in scientific liter-
ature.
Keywords: "Radon, "Manuals, Radiation, Risk, Meas-
urement, Standards, Detection, Radioactive isotopes,
Houses, Tests.
PB88-197280/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Analysis of Evacuation Options for Nuclear Acci-
dents. Final rept..
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
J. J. Tawil, D. L. Strenge, and R. W . Schultz. Nov 87,
249p* EPA/520/1-87/023
Contract DE-AC06-76RL01830
Sponsored by Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
The report considers the threat posed by the acciden-
tal release of radionuclides from a nuclear power plant.
It establishes relationships between radiation dose
and the cost of evacuation under a wide variety of con-
ditions. The report develops cost/dose relationships
for 54 scenarios that are based upon the severity of
the nuclear accident, meteorological conditions during
the release of radionuclides into the environment and
the angular width of the evacuation zone. The 54 sce-
narios are derived from combinations of three accident
severity levels, six meteorological conditions and
evacuation zone widths of 70, 90 and 180 degrees.
Keywords: "Reactor accidents, "Evacuation, "Emer-
gency plans, Cost estimates, Population relocation,
Fission product release. Radiation doses, Nuclear fa-
cilities, Nuclear power plants, Scenarios.
PB88-197298/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Chromium Emissions from Comfort Cooling
Towers: Background Information for Proposed
Standards. Draft environmental impact statement
(Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Mar 88,171 p EPA/450/3-87-01 OA
Standards of performance for the control of hexava-
lent chromium emissions from comfort cooling towers
are being proposed under authority of Section 6 of the
Toxic Substances Control Act. These standards would
apply to existing and new comfort cooling towers. The
document contains background information and envi-
ronmental and economic impact assessments of the
regulatory alternatives considered in developing the
proposed standards.
Keywords: "Chromium, "Emission, "Standards, Air
pollution control, Cooling towers, Environmental crite-
ria, Economic impact, Regulations, Assessments, Cor-
rosion inhibitors, Toxic Substances Control Act.
PB88-197306/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Two Test Procedures for Radon in Drinking
Water: Interlaboratory Collaborative Study,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
E. L. Whittaker, J. D. Akridge, and J. Giovino. Sep 87,
55p* EPA/600/2-87/082
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Two analytical methods for the determination of radon
in water concentration were tested in a multilaboratory
study with twenty-eight participating laboratories.
Eighteen laboratories analyzed prepared samples by
the liquid scintillation (LS) method, and twelve labora-
tories analyzed the same samples by the Lucas Cell
(LC) method. A comparison of the grand averages for
the three samples with the known values for those
samples showed good accuracy for both methods.
The accuracy index was not less than 94 percent for
any of the three samples when analyzed by either
method. Test results for the LS method showed better
precision than test results for the LC method. The av-
erage repeatability (within-laboratory) precision for the
LS method was 3.6 plus or minus 3.0 percent at 95
percent confidence and for the LC method it was 6.4
plus or minus 3.8 percent at 95 percent confidence.
The average reproducibility (combined within-and be-
tween-laboratory) precision for the LS method was
10.2 plus or minus 4.2 percent at 95 percent confi-
dence and for the LC method it was 17.6 plus or minus
4.2 percent at 95 percent confidence.
Keywords: "Radon, "Potable water, "Water supplies,
"Radioactive contaminants, Groundwater, Sampling,
Analytical methods, "Water pollution sampling.
PB88-197470/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse:
NATICH Data Base Users Guide for Data Viewing,
February 1988,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
S. A. Smith. 27 Jan 88,111 p* EPA/450/5-88/002
Contract EPA-68-02-4330
See also PB86-123601, and PB88-202734. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
Contents: The national air toxics information clearing-
house (The clearinghouse, The NATICH data base,
Data collection, Obtaining information from NATICH,
Using this guide); Access to the NATICH data base
(Hardware and software requirements, Authorization
to logon, Logon procedures, Logoff procedures, If you
have a problem); Overview of the interactive data
viewing system (Contents of the data base, Menu
structure, Report programs); Selected report programs
(Agency reports, Pollutant reports, Source reports,
Bibliographic citations and ongoing research, Risk
analysis reports, Permitting information reports).
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Manuals, "Informa-
tion systems, Research projects, State government,
Abstracts, Computer programming, Bibliographies,
Documentation, "National Air Toxics Information
Clearinghouse Data Base, "User manuals(Computer
programs), "Toxic substances.
PB88-197496/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Subchronic Toxicity of Ortho-Cresol In Sprague
Dawiey Rats. Final rept. (Revised),
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. Dietz, and L. T. Mulligan. 21 Mar 88,391 p EPA/
530/SW-88/027
Contract EPA-68-01-7075
Prepared in cooperation with Microbiological Associ-
ates, Bethesda, MD. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid
Waste.
The study was conducted to assess the toxicity of
ortho-cresol (o-cresol) in rats when administered for
13 weeks by gavage. All methods and procedures
were conducted in accordance with the appropriate
Quality Assurance Programs designed to conform with
FDA Good Laboratory Practice Regulations.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Rats, "Cresols, Central nervous
system, Toxicology, CNS disorders, Metabolism, Low-
ered metabolism, Lethal dosage, Dosage, Phenols.
PB88-197561/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Resource Recovery Plant Implementation: Guides
for Municipal Officials, Planning and Overview,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
A. Shilepsky, and R. A. Lowe. 1976,40p EPA/530/
SW-533
Supersedes PB-259139.
The report replaces an earlier version entitled Re-
source Recovery Plant Implementation: Interim Report
(SW-480) (PB-259139/4). The report will assist munici-
pal offices in the planning and implementation of proc-
essing plants to recovery resources from mixed munic-
ipal solid waste. Contents: Steps to resource recovery;
Study (Resource recovery task force, Areas for study.
Setting local goals, Outside planning/implementation
assistance); Selection (Major decisions to be made.
Technology - market, Financing, Operation, Procure-
ment strategy); Procurement (Procuring a consulting
engineer, Procuring a system contractor).
Keywords: "Materials recovery, "Solid waste disposal,
Urban planning, Guidelines, Facilities, Technology,
Waste processing, Resource recovery plants.
PB88-197579/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Resource Recovery and Waste Reduction: Fourth
Report to Congress.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Aug 77, 162p EPA/530/SW-600
See also PB88-174677.
The report reviews current status of resource recovery
and waste reduction in the United States and presents
new findings from Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) studies, investigations, and technology demon-
stration projects.
Keywords: "Waste management, Reduction, Re-
source recovery facilities, Meetings, Congressional in-
quiries, Environmental Protection Agency.
PB88-197587/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Office Paper Recovery: An Implementation
Manual.
SCS Engineers, Inc., Long Beach, CA.
1977,60p EPA/530/SW-571C
Contract EPA-68-01 -3596
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The manual gives pictorial and factual information to
aid Federal government personnel who are responsi-
ble for implementing and administering office source
separation programs in accordance with the high-
grade waste paper recovery requirements of the guide-
lines.
Keywords: "National government, "Solid waste dis-
posal, "Office buildings, Conservation, Recovery,
Manuals,	Requirements,	Separation,
Demand(Economics), Cost effectiveness, Extraction]
Revenue, Market value, Paper industry, "Paper recy-
cling.
PB88-197595/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Standards Applicable to Owners and Operators of
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Dis-
posal Facilities under RCRA (Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act), Subtitle C, Section 3004.
Financial Requirements: Interim Status Standards
(40 CFR 265, Subpart H) (with Addendum).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Solid Waste.
1984,185p EPA/530/SW-913
See also PB81-189326.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The guidance manual was developed to accompany
the May 19, 1980 Subpart H cost estimating interim
status regulations and their technical amendments
Since the manual was prepared, additional Subpart G
regulations which affect the cost estimating require-
ments were promulgated. Therefore, the manual does
not necessarily reflect all the current requirements
The Agency is planning to update the manual to incor-
porate these additional requirements. In the meantime
however, an addendum has been included in the
manual to clarify several points. The manual is intend-
ed to serve as a guide to the types of cost categories
and documentation that are appropriate to include in a
closure and post-closure care cost estimate. The
sample estimates contained in the document illustrate
the format and level of detail that would be acceptable
to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, Liabilities, Regula-
tions, Standards, Waste disposal, Financing, Econom-
ic analysis, Facilities, "Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act, Waste management.
PB88-197603/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Activities
under the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act of 1976. Annual Report to the President and
the Congress, Fiscal Year 1977.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington nr
Office of Solid Waste.	" ' '
Feb 78, 88p EPA/530/SW-663
The report to the President and Congress is the Envi
ronmental Protection Agency's (EPA) first annual
report on its activities under the Resource Conserva
tion and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA). It summarizes
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
in detail the programs for FY 1977 and outlines solid
waste problems, program objectives, legislative con-
siderations, and plans for FY 1978.
Keywords: Wastes, Materials recovery, Resources,
Waste disposal, Waste treatment,
Law(Jurisprudence), Project planning, Project man-
agement, 'Solid waste management, Resource con-
servation, "Environmental Protection Agency, Solid
Waste Disposal Act, Resources Conservation and Re-
covery Act of 1976, Hazardous wastes.
PB88-197611/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC,
Office of Solid Waste.
Compilation of Persons Who Design, Test, In-
spect, and Install Storage Tank Systems. Final
rept.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
29 Feb 88,138p EPA/530/SW-88/019
Contract EPA-68-01 -7053
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The revised standards for the storage/treatment of
hazardous waste in tank systems that were promulgat-
ed on July 14,1986 (51 FR 25422) require owners/op-
erators to use the services of professionally-trained
and, in many cases, independent registered person-
nel, to perform various tasks related to tank system
design and installation. To assist owners and opera-
tors in obtaining the needed services, EPA has com-
piled lists of individuals and companies who claim to
provide one or more of the following services: (1) as-
sessment of existing tank system integrity by an Inde-
pendent, qualified, registered professional engineer;
(2)	assessment of new tank system design by an inde-
pendent, qualified, registered professional engineer,
(3)	determination of corrosion potential by an inde-
pendent corrosion expert: and (4) inspection of instal-
lation of new tank systems by an independent, quali-
fied installation inspector or an independent, qualified,
registered professional engineer.
Keywords: 'Storage tanks, Waste disposal, Hazard-
ous materials, Professional personnel, Requirements,
Design standards, Engineers, Design criteria, Design-
ers, Inspection, Installing, Services, Bibliographies,
Standards, Hazardous wastes, Solid waste disposal.
PB68-198197/HSU	PC E99/MF E99
Application for Certification 1988 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1988,11982p
Set includes PB88-198205 through PB88-198254.
No abstract available.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Motor vehicle engines,
Air pollution control, Ignition systems. Exhaust sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Exhaust emissions, Performance
evaluation, 'Light duty vehicles, Certification.
PB88-198205/HSU	PCJ104.00/MFS18.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1988 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles • BMW.
BMW of North America, Inc., Montvale, NJ.
1988,890p EPA/460/A-88/16
See also PB88-198213, and PB86-135803. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB88-198197.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, "Motor vehicle engines.
Air pollution control, Ignition systems, Exhaust sys-
tems, Fuel systems, Exhaust emissions, Performance
evaluation, Automotive fuels, Maintenance, "Light duty
vehicles, Motor vehicles(1985 models), Certification,
BMW.
PB88-198213/HSU	PC$332.50/MF$29.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1988 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Chrysler Motors.
Chrysler Corp., Detroit, Ml.
1988, 3022p EPA/460/A-88/17
See also PB88-198221, PB88-198205 and PB87-
141677. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB88-198197.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Fuel sys-
tems, Ignition systems, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Certifica-
tion, 'Exhaust emission control devices, 'Evaporative
emission control devices, Chrysler vehicles, Motor ve-
hicles(1987 models), Compliance, Air pollution abate-
ment.
PB88-198221/HSU	PC$240.50/MF$25.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1988 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - General Motors.
General Motors Proving Ground, Milford, Ml.
1988,2154p EPA/460/A-88/18
See also PB88-198239, PB88-198213, and PB87-
141693. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB88-198197.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Fuel sys-
tems, Ignition systems, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Certifica-
tion, 'Exhaust emission control devices, 'Evaporative
emission control devices, General Motors vehicles,
Motor vehicles(1987 models), Compliance, Air pollu-
tion abatement.
PB88-198239/HSU	PC471.50/MFJ17.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1988 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Isuzu.
Isuzu Motors America, Inc., Southfield, Ml.
1988,561 p EPA/460/A-88/19
See also PB88-198247, PB88-198221, and PB86-
135845. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB88-198197.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, sen/ice accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, Exhaust emissions, Exhaust
systems, Automotive industry. Air pollution control,
Regulations, Manufacturers, Fuel systems. Automo-
bile engines, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Isuzu automobiles,
'Emission control, Fugitive emissions. Motor vehi-
cles(1984 models), Certification, 'Compliance, Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Isuzu Motors America,
Incorporated, Emission tests.
PB88-198247/HSU	PC$270.S0/MF$26.S0
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1988 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles • Nissan.
Nissan Motor Co. Ltd., Yokohama (Japan).
1988, 2452p EPA/460/A-88/20
See also PB88-198254, PB88-198239, and PB87-
141743. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB88-198197.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, Fuel sys-
tems, Ignition systems, 'Light duty vehicles, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust emission control devices. Evaporative
emission control devices, Nissan vehicles, Motor vehi-
cles(1987 models), Compliance, Air pollution abate-
ment.
PB88-198254/HSU	PC$320.50/MF$29.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1988 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Volkswagen, Audi.
Volkswagen of America, Inc., Ann Arbor, Ml.
1988,2903p EPA/460/A-88/21
See also PB88-198247 and PB86-135787. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 6 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB88-198197.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines. Fuel sys-
tems, Ignition systems, "Light duty vehicles, Certifica-
tion, Exhaust emission control devices, Evaporative
emission control devices, Volkswagen, Audi.
PBB8-198262/HSU	PC E99/MF E99
Application for Certification 1988 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicles.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1988,1837p
Set includes PB88-198270 through PB88-198338.
No abstract available.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, "Heavy duty
engines, "Certification, "Exhaust emission control de-
vices.
PB88-198270/HSU	PC$38.00/MF*17.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1988 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicles - Chrysler.
Chrysler Corp., Detroit, Ml.
1988, 230p EPA/460/A-88/22
See also PB88-198270 and PB87-141628. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB88-198262.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines the author in-
tends to market during the upcoming model year.
These engineering data include explanations and/or
drawings which describe engine/vechile parameters
such as basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition sys-
tems and exhaust and evaporative emission control
systems. It also provides information on emission test
procedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to
be used, and proposed maintenance requirements to
be followed during testing. Section 16 of the applica-
tion contains the results of emission testing, a state-
ment of compliance to the regulations, production
engine parameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form
on which issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is
based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, "Heavy duty
engines, "Certification, "Exhaust emission control de-
vices, "Evaporative emission control devices, Chrysler
engines, Heavy duty engines(1987 models), Compli-
ance, Air pollution abatements.
PB88-198288/HSU	PCS43.50/MF$17.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1988 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicles - Detroit Diesel.
General Motors Corp., Detroit, Ml. Detroit Diesel
Engine Div.
1988,285p EPA/460/A-88/23
See also PB88-198270 and PB88-198296. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB88-198262.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines the author in-
tends to market during the upcoming model year.
These engineering data include explanations and/or
drawings which describe engine/vehicle parameters
such as basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition sys-
tems and exhaust and evaporative emission control
systems. It also provides information on emission test
procedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to
be used, and proposed maintenance requirements to
be followed during testing. Section 16 of the applica-
tion contains the results of emission testing, a state-
ment of compliance to the regulations, production
engine parameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form
on which issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is
based.
1058 Vol. 90, No. 24
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, "Diesel en-
gines, Air pollution abatement, "Heavy duty engines,
"Certification, Heavy duty engines, Exhaust emission
control devices, Evaporative emission control devices,
Detroit diesel.
PB88-198296/HSU	PC$65.50/MF$17.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1988 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicles - Ford Motor Company.
Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Ml.
1988, 501p EPA/460/A-88/24
See also PB88-198288, PB88-198304, and PB88-
125182. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB88-198262.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines the author in-
tends to market during the upcoming model year.
These engineering data include explanations and/or
drawings which describe engine/vehicle parameters
such as basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition
systems and exhaust and evaporative emission con-
trol systems. It also provides information on emission
test procedures, service accumulation procedures,
fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance require-
ments to be followed during testing. Section 16 of the
application contains the results of emission testing, a
statement of compliance to the regulations, production
engine parameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form
on which issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is
based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, "Diesel en-
gines, Air pollution, "Heavy duty engines, "Certifica-
tion, Heavy duty engines(1988 models), Exhaust emis-
sion control devices, Evaporative emission control de-
vices, Ford Motor Company.
PB88-198304/HSU	PC$44.00/MF$17.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1988 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicles - Isuzu.
Isuzu Motors America, Inc., Southfield, Ml.
1988, 289p EPA/460/A-88/25
See also PB88-198296, PB88-198312, and PB83-
196303. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB88-198262.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines the author in-
tends to market during the upcoming model year.
These engineering data include explanations and/or
drawings which describe engine/vehicle parameters
such as basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition sys-
tems and exhaust and evaporative emission control
systems. It also provides information on emission test
procedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to
be used, and proposed maintenance requirements to
be followed during testing. Section 16 of the applica-
tion contains the results of emission testing, a state-
ment of compliance to the regulations, production
engine parameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form
on which issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is
based.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Diesel engines, Fuel
systems, Exhaust emissions, Exhaust systems, Auto-
motive industry, Manufactures, Regulations, "Heavy
duty engines, Diesel engines(1983 models), Certifica-
tion, "Compliance, Fugitive emissions, Environmental
protection agency, Isuzu Motors America Incorporat-
ed.
PB88-198312/HSU	PC$49.00/MF$17.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1988 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicles - Mack Truck.
Mack Trucks, Inc., Hagerstown, MD.
1988, 336p EPA/460/A-88/26
See also PB88-198304, PB88-198320, and PB85-
186393. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E/99/MF E99,
PB88-198262.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines the author in-
tends to market during the upcoming model year.
These engineering data include explanations and/or
drawings which describe engine/vehicle parameters
such as basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition sys-
tems and exhaust and evaporative emission control
systems. It also provides information on emission test
procedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to
be used, and proposed maintenance requirements to
be followed during testing. Section 16 of the applica-
tion contains the results of emission testing, a state-
ment of compliance to the regulations, production
engine parameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form
on which issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is
based.
Keywords: "Trucks, "Truck engines, Air pollution con-
trol, Exhaust emission, Exhaust systems. Fuel sys-
tems, Ignition systems. Automotive industry, Regula-
tions, "Emission control, "Heavy duty vehicles, "Heavy
duty engines, Heavy duty engines(1985 models),
Motor vehicles(1985 models). Fugitive emissions,
"Certification, Mack Trucks.
PB88-198320/HSU	PC$27.00/MF$17.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1988 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicles - Mitsubishi.
Mitsubishi Motors Corp., Tokyo (Japan).
1988, 120p EPA/460/A-88/27
See also PB88-198312, PB88-198338, and PB87-
141636. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99/MF E99
PB88-198262.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines the author in-
tends to market during the upcoming model year.
These engineering data include explanations and/or
drawings which describe engine/vehicle parameters
such as basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition
systems and exhaust and evaporative emission con-
trol systems. It also provides information on emission
test procedures, service accumulation procedures,
fuels to be used, and proposed maintenance require-
ments to be followed during testing. Section 16 of the
application contains the results of emission testing, a
statement of compliance to the regulations, production
engine parameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form
on which issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is
based.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, "Diesel en-
gines, "Heavy duty engines, "Certification, Diesel en-
gines(1987 models), "Exhaust emission control de-
vices, "Evaporative emission control devices, Mitsubi-
shi engines, Compliance, Air pollution abatement.
PB88-198338/HSU	PC»23.00/MF»17.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1988 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicles - Navista. .
Navistar International Corp., Melrose Park, IL.
1988, 76p EPA/460/A-88/28
See also PB88-198320, and PB87-141644. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99/MF E99
PB88-198262.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines the author in-
tends to market during the upcoming model year
These engineering data include explanations and/or
drawings which describe engine/vehicle parameters
such as basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition
systems and exhaust and evaporative emission con-
trol systems. It also provides information on emission
test procedures, service accumulation procedures
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ments to be followed during testing. Section 16 of the
application contains the results of emission testing, a
statement of compliance to the regulations, production
engine parameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form
on which issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is
based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, 'Heavy duty
engines, 'Certification, 'Exhaust emission control de-
vices, 'Evaporative emission control devices, Navistar
International engines, Heavy duty engines(1987
models), Compliance, Air pollution abatement.
PB88-198528/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Clinton, New Jersey, Radon Mitigation Follow-Up
and Long-Term Monitoring. Final rept. Jan-Oct 87,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
J. Carvitti. Apr 88,62p EPA/600/7-88/005
Contract EPA-68-02-3995
See also PB87-191557. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report gives results of a follow-up of the 1986
demonstration of radon reduction techniques in 10
houses in Clinton, New Jersey. Initial radon levels in
the 10 houses ranged from 400 to 2200 pCi/1. Radon
reductions of more than 95% were achieved by using
a variety of subslab ventilation techniques. Since Janu-
ary 1987, the radon levels in the 10 houses have been
monitored with alpha track detectors. The detectors
have been installed and removed quarterly. Three de-
tectors were used on the lowest level of each house,
and three on the next higher level. Results of the com-
parison between the radon concentration measured
during the first and second quarters of 1987 showed
that most of the houses had slightly higher concentra-
tions during the second quarter. These results are con-
trary to expected trends. Two houses with slightly ele-
vated radon levels received additional radon reduction
applications at the end of the second quarter of 1987:
in one house, the radon concentration was successful-
ly reduced, and in the other, the concentration was es-
sentially unchanged.
Keywords: "Houses, "Radon, Winter, Fans, Furnaces,
New Jersey, "Indoor air pollution, "Air pollution con-
trol, Clinton(New Jersey), Radiation monitoring, Sta-
tionary sources.
PB88-198536/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Proceedings: Conference on Current Research in
Drinking Water Treatment Held at Cincinnati,
Ohio, March 24-28,1987.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Mar 88,267p* EPA/600/9-88/004
Prepared in cooperation with American Water Works
Association Research Foundation, Denver, CO., and
JACA Corp., Fort Washington, PA.
A Conference on Current Research in Drinking Water
Treatment was held at the U.S. EPA Andrew W. Brei-
denbach Environmental Research Center in Cincin-
nati, Ohio on March 24-26,1987. The speakers at this
Conference were principally researchers funded in
part by the U.S. EPA (Drinking Water Research Divi-
sion) or the American Water Works Association Re-
search Foundation. The purpose of the Conference
was the presentation of research results from current
research projects having direct application to three im-
portant aspects of the 1986 amendments to the Safe
Drinking Water Act: Contaminant regulators (MCLs),
Filtration of surface water sources, Disinfection for
public water supplies. The publication is a compilation
of either extended abstracts or full papers prepared by
the speakers and their co-authors.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, "Meetings, Potable
water, Public health, Filtration, Surface water, "Drink-
ing water, Contaminant regulators.
PB88-198644/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Development of a Qualitative Pathogen Risk As-
sessment Methodology for Municipal Sludge
Landfilllng.
Envinmenlal Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Apr 88,171p* EPA/600/6-88/006
The report addresses potential risks from microbiologi-
cal pathogens present in municipal sludge disposed of
in landfills. Municipal sludges contain a wide variety of
bacteria, viruses, protozoa, helminths and fungi. Sur-
vival characteristics of pathogens are critical factors in
assessing the risks associated with potential transport
of microorganisms from the sludge-soil matrix to the
groundwater environment of landfills. Various models
are discussed for predicting microbial die-off. The
order of persistence in the environment from longest
to shortest survival time appears to be helminth eggs
> viruses > bacteria > protozoan cysts. Whether or
not a pathogen reaches groundwater and is transport-
ed to drinking-water wells depends on a number of fac-
tors, including initial concentration of the pathogen,
survival of the pathogen, number of pathogens that
reach the sludge-soil interface, degree of removal
through the unsaturated and saturated soil zones, and
the hydraulic gradient. The degree to which each of
these factors will influence the probability of patho-
gens entering groundwater cannot be determined pre-
cisely. Information on the fate of pathogens at existing
landfills is sorely lacking. Additional laboratory and
field studies are needed to determine the degree of
pathogen leaching, survival and transport in ground-
water in order to estimate potential risks from patho-
gens at sludge landfills with reasonable validity.
Keywords: "Health hazards, "Infectious diseases,
"Municipal wastes, 'Risk assessment, "Sewage
sludge, Microorganisms, Pathogens, Landfills.
PB88-198551/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Construction and Operation of a 10 CFM (Cubic
Feet Per Minute) Sampling System with a 10:1 Di-
lution Ratio for Measuring Condensable Emis-
sions. Final rept.,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
W. J. Steele, A. D. Williamson, and J. D. McCain. Apr
88,28p EPA/600/8-88/069
Contract EPA-68-02-4442
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report describes a transportable sampling appara-
tus designed to sample incineration sources at munici-
pal and hazardous waste disposal facilities, and to pro-
vide non-contaminated samples of condensable mate-
rials. The sample gas, at a flowrate of 10 cubic feet per
minute (c fm), passes through a modified Source As-
sessment Sampling System (SASS) cyclone and is
then diluted with clean air at 100 cfm by a novel, perfo-
rated cone assembly. Rapid uniform dilution takes
place through the vigorous mixing of the sample and
clean air streams in the dilution chamber. The resultant
gas, cooled to about atmospheric conditions, is
passed through a mixing section that provides a resi-
dence time of about 3 seconds. The resulting aerosol
particles are collected on a Teflon-coated glass-fiber
filter. These solids, along with those collected in the
cyclone, are subsequently provided for chemical and
biological assay analysis.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Emission factors, "Inciner-
ation, "Waste disposal. 'Hazardous materials, Con-
densates, Decontamination, Sampling, Aerosols,
Chemical analysis, Assaying, Bioassay, Source As-
sessment Sampling System.
PB88-198569/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Influence of an Insect Growth Regulator on Larval
Development of a Marine Crustacean. Environmen-
tal research brief,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
C. L. McKenney, and E. Matthews. Feb 88,8p EPA-
600/M-88/003
Larval survival, growth, and energy metabolism of an
estuarine shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) were altered
by exposure to low micrograms/l concentrations of an
insect growth regulator (the juvenile hormone ana-
logue, methoprene). Larvae were several orders of
magnitude more sensitive to methoprene in a flow-
through exposure system than in a static-renewal ex-
posure system. The first two larval stages and the final
premetamorphic larval stage were more sensitive to
methoprene toxicity than the intermediate larval
stages. As indicated by reduced net growth efficiency
values, elevated metabolic maintenance demands of
exposed larvae were related to retarded larval growth
rates.
Keywords: "Shrimps, "Hormones, 'Insect control,
"Estuaries, Growth regulators, Life cycles, Crustacae,
Exposure,	Toxicity,	Larvae,
Concentration(Composition), Metabolism, Reprints,
"Methoprene, Biological insect control.
PB88-198577/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Development of the Fuel Choice Module in the In-
dustrial Combustion Emissions Model. Volume 1.
Phases 1 and 3. Final rept. Oct 85-Mar 86,
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
T. Hogan. Apr 88,93p* EPA/600/8-88/064A
Contracts EPA-68-02-4202, EPA-68-02-3930
See also Volume 2, PB88-198585. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report describes the development of and basis for
the improved fuel choice decision logic used in Version
6.0 of the Industrial Combustion Emissions (ICE)
Model, one of four stationary source emission and
control cost forecasting models developed by the EPA
for the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Pro-
gram (NAPAP). The ICE Model projects air pollution
emissions (sulfur dioxide, sulfates, nitrogen oxides,
and particulate matter), costs, and fuel mix for industri-
al fossil-fuel-fired (natural gas, distillate and residual
fuel oil, and coal) boilers by state and year (1980 base-
line, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2010, 2020, and 2030).
The ICE Model was originally developed from the In-
dustrial Fuel Choice Analysis Model (IFCAM), which
relies on a life-cycle cost-of-fuel logic. The report de-
scribes the development of an updated forecast model
(i.e., ICE) which relies on a broader range of factors
shown to be relevant to the industrial boiler fuel choice
decision.
Keywords: "Air pollution, Fossil fuels, Boilers, Emis-
sion, Sulfur dioxide, Sulfates, Nitrogen oxides, Assess-
ments, Precipation, Expenses, Data analysis, Mathe-
matical models, "Pollution control, Stationary sources,
Acid rain, Particulate, Data bases.
PB88-198585/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Tnangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Development of the Fuel Choice Module In the In-
dustrial Combustion Emissions Model, Volume 2.
Phase 2,
Iowa Univ., Iowa City.
J. L. Horowitz, and T. Cook. Apr 88,80p EPA/600/8-
88/064B
See also Volume 1, PB88-198577. Prepared in coop-
eration with Denver Univ., CO. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report describes the development of a model for
predicting industrial firms' choices of boiler fuel for pro-
duction of process steam. In contrast to fuel choice
models currently in operation, the model described
here predicts fuel choices probabilistically, rather than
deterministically. In addition, the model is empirical,
does not assume that the costs relevant to fuel
choices necessarily are best summarized by a single,
total annualized cost, and provides a way to represent
the effects of non-cost factors that may influence in-
dustrial boiler fuel choice decisions. These character-
istics enable the model to provide a considerably more
accurate description of fuel choices than do determi-
nistic models that assume these choices to be based
only on considerations of total annualized costs. The
work was instrumental in developing a clearer under-
standing of the relative importance of the factors at
work that have major influence on the industrial boiler
fuel choice decision.
Keywords: 'Fossil fuels, "Forecasting, Decision
making, Boilers, Mathematical models, Emission, Sta-
tistical analysis, Air pollution, Cost analysis, Expenses,
Combustion, Estimating, Pollution control, Stationary
sources.
PB88-198601/HSU	CP D02
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Dis-
posal Facilities (TSDF)-Alr Emission Models (for
Microcomputers). Software,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
R. McDonald, and D. Janes. Dec 87,1 diskette EPA/
SW/DK-88/046
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskette,
double sided, double density, compatible with the IBM
PC microcomputer. Diskettes are in LOTUS 1-2-3
format. Price includes documentation, PB88-198619.
Analytical Models are presented for estimating air
emissions from Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage,
and Disposal Facilities (TSDF). Air emission models
have been developed for aerated and nonaerated sur-
face impoundments, land treatment facilities, landfills,
and wastepiles. Emission model predictions are com-
pared to available field data. The models have been
assembled into a spreadsheet (Lotus 1-2-3) that is in-
cluded in the report as floppy diskette for use on
microcomputers-Software Description: The software
was programmed using the Lotus 1-2-3 Spreadsheet
for implementation on tne IBM-PC computers.
Keywords: "Software, *Air pollution control, "Waste
treatment, "Hazardous materials, Models, Facilities,
Emissions, Aeration, Storage, Earth fills, Waste dis-
posal, Estimating, Microcomputers, Diskettes, Sanitary
landfills, L=Lotus 1-2-3, H = IBM PC.
PB88-198619/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Hazardous Watte Treatment, Storage, and Dis-
posal Facilities (TSDF)-Air Emission Models, Doc-
umentation.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Dec 87,355p EPA/450/3-87/026, EPA/SW/DK-88/
046A
Contract EPA-68-02-4326
For system on diskette, see PB88-198601.
Analytical models are presented for estimating air
emissions form hazardous waste treatment, storage,
and disposal facilities (TSDF). Air emission models
have been developed for aerated and nonaerated sur-
face impoundments, land treatment facilities, landfills,
and wastepiles. Emission model predictions are com-
pared to available field data. The report also Includes
emission factors for transfer, storage, and handling op-
erations at TSDF. The models have been assembled
into a spreadsheet that is included in the report as
floppy diskette for use oh a microcomputer. Appendi-
ces include a list of physical-chemical properties for
approximately 700 compounds and a comprehensive
source list of pertinent literature in addition to that cited
in the report.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Hazardous materi-
als, "Waste treatment, Documentation, Facilities,
Emissions, Aeration, Storage, Models, Earth fills,
Waste disposal, Estimating, Microcomputers, Dis-
kettes, "Sanitary landfills.
PB88-199377/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Ontogeny of Flash-Evoked Potentials in Unan-
esthetlzed Rats. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
G. C. Rigdon, and R. S. Dyer. 1987,10p EPA/600/J-
87/329
Pub. in International Journal of Developmental Neuro-
science, v5 n5-6 p447-454 1987.
The effects of age and stimulation frequency (0.2/sec,
1.0/sec, 2.0/sec, or 4.0/sec) on flash evoked poten-
tials (FEPs) were investigated in awake, unsedated,
unrestrained rats. Animals were tested daily from post-
natal day (PND) 8 through PND 20, and every three or
four days thereafter until PND 41. On PND 9, a single
negative wave (N1a was observed following 0.2/sec
flash presentation. Animals tested on PND 10 exhibit-
ed a positive wave (P2) following the return of peak
N1a. Peak N1 became dominant negative wave on
PND 14 Peak N1a merged into N1 and had disap-
peared by PND 19. Peak N3 was first observed as a
negative shift following peak P2 on PND 15. Peaks N2
and P3 were not observed in the group average wave-
forms until PND 34. Peak latencies decreased through
the fifth postnatal week. Peak amplitudes increased
with age until after eye opening (PND 15), but were
variable thereafter. No FEPs were observed following
higher than 0.2/sec flash presentation until PNDM3.
Increasing stimulation frequency decreasecIN1 and P2
peak amplitudes, but had no effect on peak latencies.
Keywords: Growth, "Visual perception, Electrophysio-
logy, Laboratory animals, Reprints, Evoked potentials
visual, "Ontogeny, "Visual cortex, "Neurophysiology.
PB88-199385/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Proctoeces sp. (Trematoda: Dlgenea) in Austra-
lian Oysters, 'Saccostrea commercialis' and 'Cras-
sostrea amass'. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
P. H. Wolf, J. T. Winstead, and J. A. Couch. C1987, 5p
EPA/600/J-87/335
Pub. in Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc. v106 n4 p379-380
1987. Also pub. as Virginia Inst, of Marine Science,
Gloucester Point rept. no. CONTRIB-1404. Prepared in
cooperation with Virginia Inst, of Marine Science,
Gloucester Point.
The occurrence of Protoeces sp., a cosmopolitan di-
genetic trematode, is reported from two different spe-
cies of Australian oysters. The low prevalence of the
helminth is attributed to the intertidal environment in-
habited by the Australian oysters. (Copyright (c) 1987,
American Microscopical Society, Inc.)
Keywords: "Trematoda, "Oysters, Occurrence,
Distribution(Property), Australia, Parasites, Reprints,
Habitats, Protoeces, Saccostrea commercialis, Cras-
sostrea amasa.
PB86-199393/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Responses of Marine Unicellular Algae to Bromln-
ated Organic Compounds in Six Growth Media.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
G. E. Walsh, M. J. Yoder, L. L. McLaughlin, and E. M.
Lores. 1987,10p EPA/600/J-87/331
Pub. in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v14
p215-222 1987.
Marine unicellular algae, Skeletonema costatum, Tha-
lassiosira pseudonana, and Chlorella sp., were ex-
posed to the industrial brominated compounds, tetra-
bromobisphenol A (TBBP), decabromobiphenyloxide
(DBBO), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), penta-
bromomethylbenzene (PBMB), pentabromoethylben-
zene (PBEB), and the herbicide, bromoxynil (BROM),
in six algal growth media. Saturation concentrations of
DBBO (1 mg/1), PBMB (1 mg/1), and PBEB (0.5 mg/
1) reduced growth by less than 50%. EC50s of the
other compounds varied with growth medium, with
high EC50/low EC50 ratios between 1.3 and 9.9.
Lowest EC50s, 9.3 to 12.0 pi g/1, were obtained with
S. costatum and HBCD. It is concluded that responses
to toxicants in different media are the results of inter-
actions between algae, growth medium, toxicant, and
solvent carrier.
Keywords: "Marine microorganisms, "Algae, "Bromin-
ated organic compounds, Organic compounds, Herbi-
cide, Hazardous materials, Cells(Biology), Reprints,
Tetrabromobisphenol A, Decabromobiphenyloxide,
Hexabromocyclododecane, Pentabromomethylben-
zene, Bromoxynil.
PB88-199401/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Adaptation of Aquatic Microbial Communities to
Hg(2+) Stress. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
T. Barkav. Dec 87,10pEPA/600/J-87/333
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v53
n12 p2725-2732 Dec 87.
The mechanism of adaptation to Hg(2+) in four aquat-
ic habitats was studied by correlating microbially medi-
ated Hg(2 + ) volatilization with the adaptive state of
the exposed communities. Structural and functional
parameters indicated that adaptation of all four com-
munities was stimulated by exposure to Hg(2 + ). In
saline water communities, adaptation was associated
with rapid volatilization after an initial lag period. The
mechanism, however, did not promote adaptation in a
freshwater environment, where Hg(2+) volatilized
slowly, regardless of the adaptive state of the microbi-
al community. Distribution of the mer operon among
representative colonies of the communities was not re-
lated to adaptation to Hg(2+). Thus, although volatili-
zation is a mechanism which enables some microbial
communities to sustain their functions in Hg(2 + )
stressed environments, it is not coded for by the gene
system that mediates the mechanism in pure cultures.
Keywords: "Aquatic microbiology, "Mercury(Metal),
Water pollution, Bacteria, Detoxification, Fresh water
biology, Mercury inorganic compounds, Reprints, "Bio-
logical stress, "Biological adaptation, Operon.
PB88-199419/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Cloning and Characterization of the 'cl' Repressor
of 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa' Bacteriophage D3:
a Functional Analog of Phage Lambda 'c'l Protein.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
R. V. Miller, and T. A. Kokjohn. c1987, 9p EPA-600/J-
87/334
Pub. in Jnl. of Bacteriology, v169 n5 p1847-1852 May
87. Prepared in cooperation with Stritch School of
Medicine, Maywood, IL. Dept. of Microbiology.
The authors cloned the gene (c1) which encodes the
repressor of vegetative function of Pseudomonas aer-
uginosa bacteriophage D3. The cloned gene was
shown to inhibit plating of D3 and the induction of D3
lysogens by UV irradiation. The efficiency of plating
and prophage induction of the heteroimmune P. aeru-
ginosa phage F116L were not affected by the pres-
ence of the cloned c1 gene of D3. When the D3 DNA
fragment containing c1 was subcloned into pBR322
and introduced into Escherichia coli, it was shown to
specifically inhibit the plating of phage lambda and the
induction of the lambda prophage by mitomycin C. The
plating of lambda imm(434) phage was not affected.
(Copyright (c) 1987, American Society for Microbiolo-
gy)
Keywords: Pseudomonas, Bacteriophages, Bacterial
proteins, Escherichia coli, Coliphage, Reprints, "Re-
pressor proteins, "Phage lambda, "Bacteriophage D3,
"Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Cloning molecular, Rec A
protein, Genes, Bacterial, Lysogeny.
PB88-199427/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Shake-Flask Test for Estimation of Biodegradabl-
lity of Toxic Organic Substances in the Aquatic
Environment. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
C. R. Cripe, W. W. Walker, P. H. Pritchard, and A. W.
Bourquin. C1987,15p EPA/600/J-87/330, PUB-603
Pub. in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v14
p239-251 1987. Prepared in cooperation with Gulf
Coast Research Lab., Ocean Springs, MS., and
ECOVA Corp., Redmond, WA.
The disadvantages of current biodegradation tests are
examined. These problems include need for high sub-
strate concentrations, lack of parent compound con-
centration measurements and estimation of sediment
effects, failure to indicate compounds to which micro-
bial populations must adapt to degrade, and lack of
site specificity in innocula selection. A modified river
die-away test is proposed for determining biodegrada-
bility of organic compounds and testing for toxic degra-
dation products. The chemical abatement test uses
shake flasks containing sterile and nonsterile site
water, both with and without site sediment. Concurrent
toxicity testing with mysids or daphnids provides a sen-
sitive assay for the detection of toxic metabolities.
Keywords: "Biodegradation, "Organic compounds.
"Toxic hazards. "Water pollution, Aquatic microbiolo-
gy, Rivers, Sediments, toxicology, Reprints, "Shake
flask test, Methyl parathion, Dibutylphythalate, Meth-
oxychlor.
PB88-199435/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Influence of Environmental Temperature on Sex-
Ratios In the Tidewater Sllverslde, 'Menldia penin-
sula*' (Pisces: Atherlnldae). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
D. P. Middaugh, and M. J. Hemmer. 1987,9p EPA/
600/J-87/332
Pub. in Copeia, n4 p958-964 1987.
The sex-ratios of Menldia peninsulae from Santa Rosa
Island, Florida were studied during a 13 month survey
Weekly samples revealed significant deviations from
the expected sex-ratio of 1:1. During May-October
young-of-the-year (YOY) females comprised 70 to
94% of the individuals collected in the 32.5 to 62.4 mn>
SL size class. In contrast, collections of YOY Menidia
during November-April yielded 34 to 60% females
These individuals are the presumptive progeny of ml
productive activity and sexual differentiation in May.
August at warm fluctuating water temperatures of 25 o
to 29.0C. The pattern in sex-ratios of older Menidiai
62.5 - 102.4 mm SL paralleled that of YOY individual
The annual (13 month) sex-ratio for collections of YOy
and older Menidia was identical at 68% females.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: *Reproduction(Biology), 'Marine fishes,
"Estuaries, Sampling, Ocean temperature, Seasonal
variations, Sex, Ratios, Females, Males, Comparison,
Florida, Santa Rosa Island, Reprints, "Menidia penin-
sulae, Tidewater silverside.
PB88-199443/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Using SAS (Trade Name) Color Graphics for Video
Image Analysis,
Computer Sciences Corp., Research Triangle Park,
NC.
J. Borek, and A. Huber. Apr 88, 7p EPA/600/D-88/
076
Contract EPA-68-01-7365
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
Wind-tunnel studies are conducted to evaluate the
temporal and spatial distributions of pollutants in the
wake of a model building. As part of these studies,
video pictures of smoke are being used to study the
dispersion patterns of pollution in the wake of build-
ings. The video image format has potential as a quanti-
fiable electronic medium. Analysis of series of selected
pixels (picture elements) for video images is used to
evaluate temporal and spatial scales of smoke puffs in
the wake of the building.
Keywords: "Plume detection, "Pollution, "Visual aids,
•Smoke, Wind tunnels, Graphic methods, Color, Build-
ings, Wake detection, "Video mapping, Spacial distri-
bution, Temporal distribution, Image analysis, Data
bases, Computer software.
PB88-199450/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Waterborne Outbreaks of Giardiasis: Why They
Happen, How to Prevent Them. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
G. F. Craun. 1988,4p EPA/600/J-88/005
Pub. in Health and Environment Digest, v2 n1 p3-4 Feb
88.
Giardiasis is transmitted by contaminated drinking
water or food or contact with infected individuals
through the fecal-oral route of exposure. Frequently
reported are outbreaks in day-care centers and infec-
tions in campers and backpackers, travelers outside
the U.S., and homosexuals. Currently EPA is consider-
ing criteria to be used by State regulatory agencies to
determine which public water systems must install fil-
tration.
Keywords: 'Giardiasis, 'Gastrointestinal diseases,
'Water pollution, Food, Exposure, Feces, Filtration,
State government, Regulations, Chlorination, Disinfec-
tion, Water treatment, Reprints, Drinking water, "Wa-
terborne diseases, "Giardia lambia.
PB88-199468/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Investigation of 'Legionella pneumophila' in Drink-
ing Water. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. E. Witherell, R. W. Duncan, K. M. Stone, L. J.
Stratton, and L. Orciari. C1988,9p EPA/600/J-88/004
Pub. in Jnl. of the American Water Works Association,
v80 n2 p87-93 Feb 88. Prepared in cooperation with
Vermont State Dept. of Health, Burlington.
An investigation of Legionella pneumophila in drinking
water systems and home plumbing appurtenances
was done. In Phase 1, 68 water samples were collect-
ed from kitchen sink faucets in homes on 17 communi-
ty water systems. No. L. pneumophila organisms were
isolated. In Phase 1A, the kitchen sink faucets/aera-
tors and showerheads/supply pipes were sampled
with sterile swabs and a sample of hot water was col-
lected from hot water heaters. A total of 92 swabs, 92
hot water samples were collected from homes on 4
community water systems. Two samples (1 swab, 1
hot water sample) were collected from a home with an
individual well. Field analyses of pH, temperature, tur-
bidity, and chlorine and laboratory analyses for stand-
ard plate count, total coliform, and Iron were per-
formed. Findings may indicate that L. pneumophila Is
transported from natural aquatic sources in very low
levels In drinking water systems to water heaters in
homes where the organisms may increase to detecta-
ble levels. These sources may serve as a focus of the
pathogen with resultant sporadic, endemic legionello-
sis.
Keywords: "Drinking water, "Legionnaires disease,
"Pneumonia, Plumbing, Water heaters, Sampling, Dis-
eases, Reprints.
PB88-199476/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Capacity of Aquatic Bacteria to Act as Recipients
for Plasmid DNA. Journal article,
Technology Applications, Inc., Gulf Breeze, FL.
F. J. Genthner, P. Chatterjee, T. Barkay, and A. W.
Bourquin. c1988, 5p EPA/600/J-88/003
Contract EPA-68-03-6265
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v54
n1 p115-117 Jan 88. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Sixty-nine randomly selected, gram negative, freshwa-
ter bacterial isolates were screened for their ability to
receive and express plasmids from Pseudomonas aer-
uginosa donors, using a plate mating technique. The
plate mating technique identified 26 of the isolates as
recipient-active for the self-transmissible, wide host-
range plasmid R68.14% were recipient-active, by RP4
mobilization, for the wide host-range plasmid cloning
vector R1162. Frequencies of transfer were compared
by using 3 conjugal transfer procedures: broth mating,
plate mating, and filter mating. With every recipient
tested a solid environment was superior to liquid for
transfer. The broth mating technique failed to demon-
strate R68 transfer in 63% of the recipient-active iso-
lates. Filter mating, in general, yielded the highest
transfer frequencies. The more rapid plate mating pro-
cedure, however, was just as sensitive for testing the
capacity of natural isolates to participate in conjugal
plasmid transfer. (Copyright (c) 1988, American Socie-
ty for Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Aquatic microbiology, Bacteria, Reprints,
'Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 'Plasmids, 'Conjugation
bacterial, *DNA, Genetic vectors, Bacteriological tech-
niques.
PB88-199S26/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Guideline* for the Determination of Halogenated
~ibenzo-p-Dloxins and Dibenzofurans in Commer-
cial Product* (RE-ANNOUNCEMENT of PB88-
101050 - see note* field for explanation). Final
rept. Mar 85-Jul 86,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
D. H. Steele, and J. S. Stanley. Sep 87,126p MRI-
8833-A01, EPA/560/5-87/007
EPA-68-02-4252
RE-ANNOUNCEMENT of PB88-101050, corrected
version. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Pesticides and
Toxic Substances.
The determination of halogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins
(HDDs) and dibenzofurans (HDFs) in commercial prod-
ucts require specific and sensitive analytical proce-
dures. The development of methods for the measure-
ment of HDD and HDF in commercial products is com-
plicated by the diverse range of matrices, the potential-
ly large number of halogenated (specifically chloro,
bromo, or bromo/chloro) HDD and HDF congeners
and potential interference due to major components of
the product matrices. The report provides (1) a review
of the literature pertaining to commercial product anal-
yses for HDDs and HDFs, (2) detail on the total
number of bromo, chloro, and bromo/chloro HDDs
and HDFs, (3) a tentative scheme for the analysis of
HDDs and HDFs in diverse matrices, and (4) guide-
lines for the high resolution gas chromatography/mass
spectrometry or electron capture detector analysis of
commercial products for HDDs and HDFs. The guide-
lines specify a rigorous QA/QC program for the analy-
sis of the commercial products.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Guidelines, Mass
spectrometry, Halogen compounds, Furans, Chroma-
tography, Sampling, Toxicology, "Toxic substances,
HuDsfHalogenatea	dibenzo-p-dioxins),
HDFs(Halogenated dibenzofurans).
PB88-199674/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Survey of Pesticides Used In Selected Areas
Having Vulnerable Groundwaters in Washington
State,
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
L. Sacha, D. Fleming, and H. Wysocki. Jul 87,324p
EPA/910/9-87/169
In April 1985 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Region 10 initiated a study to evaluate the potential in
Washington State for groundwater contamination from
normal agricultural use of pesticides, and to gain a
state overview of the problem. The three study goals
included: (1) identify and map vulnerable groundwater
areas in the State of Washington; (2) determine use of
pesticides thought to be leachable in these vulnerable
areas; and (3) identify and prioritize geographic areas
of concern based on the maps and use dates. The
mapping effort shows that extensive areas of Wash-
ington have the potential for groundwater contamina-
tion by pesticides. The data provides estimates of
crops grown and pesticides used within the vulnerable
areas of each county.
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Ground water, 'Water pollu-
tion sampling, Water pollution, Agricultural runoff,
Leaching, Mapping, Time measurement, Water pollu-
tion, Crops, Estimates, Risk, Water pollution detection,
Washington(State).
PB88-199740/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 148: Phosalone.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Nov 87,11p EPA/540/FS-88/061
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Regulations, "Chemical infor-
mation fact sheet, "Phosalone, Use patterns, Science
findings, CAS 2310-17-0.
PB88-199757/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 97.1: Alachlor.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 87,6p EPA/540/FS-88/056
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Regulations, Herbicides,
"Chemical information fact sheet, 'Alachlor, 'Acetani-
lide, Use patterns, Science findings, CAS 15972-60-8.
PB88-199765/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 149: Propanil.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 87,11 p EPA/540/FS-88/060
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Regulations, Herbicides,
"Chemical information fact sheet, "Propanil, Use pat-
terns, Science findings, CAS 709-98-8.
PB88-199773/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 150: Chlorpropham.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 87, 9p EPA/540/rS-88/059
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Regulations, "Chemical infor-
mation fact sheet, "Chlorpropham, Use patterns, Sci-
ence findings, CAS 101-21-3.
PB88-1997B1/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 151: Monocarba-
mide Dihydrogen Sulfate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 87, 7p£PA/540/FS-88/056
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Regulations, "Chemical infor-
mation fact sheet, "Monocarbamide dihydrogen sul-
fate, Use patterns, Science findings.
PB88-199799/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 152: Malathion.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jan 88,12p EPA/540/FS-88/054
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Regulations, "Chemical infor-
mation fact sheet, "Malathion, Use patterns, Science
findings, CAS 121-75-5.
PB88-199807/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 154: Phosphamidon.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jan 88,10p EPA/540/FS-88/055
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Regulations, "Chemical infor-
mation fact sheet, "Phosphamidon, Use patterns, Sci-
1062 Vol. 90, No. 24
ence findings, CAS 13171-21-6, CAS 23783-98-4,
CAS 297-99-4.
PB88-199815/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 153: Asulam.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jan 88,10p EPA/540/FS-88/057
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Regulations, "Chemical infor-
mation fact sheet, Use patterns. Science findings, CAS
3337-71-1,CAS2302-17-2, "Asulam.
PB88-200100/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Index to EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)
Test Methods. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Boston, MA.
Region I.
M. R. Nelson. Mar 88, 98p EPA/901 /3-88/001
See also PB83-176636.
Indexes over 700 air, water and waste methods from
over 75 source publications. These EPA test methods
are approved procedures for measuring the presence
and concentration of physical and chemical pollutants;
evaluating properties such as toxic properties of chem-
ical substances or measuring the effects of sub-
stances under various conditions. The Index was de-
veloped and produced from an in-house database.
The printed index to EPA Test Methods consists of 3
sections: A - Numeric List by method number - in-
cludes official method number, name of chemical or
method, publication source. B-Alphabetical List by
chemical substance or method name - includes name
of method or chemical, method number, and publica-
tion source (noted by document number). C-Publica-
tion Source List by document number (EPA Report
No., NTIS No., 40 CFR No. or Library Doc. No.) - in-
cludes document number, title, and where to obtain it.
Keywords: "Indexes(Documentation), Chemical analy-
sis, Concentration(Composition), Chemical com-
pounds, Tests, "Test methods.
PB88-200753/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Western Lake Survey Phase 1. Data Base.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Acid Deposition, Environmental Monitoring,
and Quality Assurance.
Sep 87,122p EPA/600/4-87/027
See also PB88-146824. Prepared in cooperation with
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV., and Radian Corp., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Sponsored by Department of Energy,
Washington, DC.
The National Surface Water Survey (NSWS) was initi-
ated by EPA when it became apparent that existing
data could not be used quantitatively to assess the
present chemical and biological status of surface
waters in the United States. Phase I of the NSWS is
designed to provide a geographically extensive data
base of sufficient quality to estimate with known confi-
dence the number of acidic and potentially sensitive
lakes (lakes with low acid-neutralizing capacity or
ANC), identify their location, and describe their present
chemical status from a broad-scale, regional perspec-
tive. Phase I was conducted in the fall of 1985 in five
high elevation areas in the western United States.
Keywords: "Acidification, "Lakes, "Water pollution,
Surveys, Sites, Identifying, pH, Chemical analysis,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Statistical analysis, Popu-
lations, Tables(Data), Comparison, "Western
Region(United States), Data base.
PB88-200779/HSU	CP D02
REFEREE: Bibliographic Database Manager (for
Microcomputers). Software,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
F. V. Bradow, and C. Duke. 4 Aug 87,1 diskette* EPA/
SW/DK-88/047
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskette,
double sided, double density, compatible with the IBM
PC, XT, AT microcomputer. Diskettes are in the ASCII
format. Price includes documentation, PB88-200787.
REFEREE is a general-purpose bibliographic data-
base management program for IBM-compatible micro-
computers. The program is ideal for maintenance of
large, master databases from which lists of citations on
desired topics frequently must be drawn. Information is
entered into REFEREE from the keyboard. Every
record contains 9 general-purpose fields, most of
which have minimal format requirements. The program
accommodates records of different lengths within a
single database; disk space is allocated on a field-by-
field, record-by-record basis. REFEREE'S information
capacity is more likely to be limited by hardware than
by the program Itself: up to 1 million maximum-length
(35,675-character) records theoretically could lie
stored in a single database. Stored records can be
modified; sorted; searched; transferred between data-
bases; and exported to a printer, a standard text file, a
dBASE III file, or a file formatted for easy conversion to
an IBM 5520 Office Automation System word process-
ing document... Software Description: The software is
written in the Clipper, 8086 assembly programming
language for implementation on an IBM-PC,XT,AT or
compatible microcomputer using the PC-DOS or MS-
DOS 2.0 or later operating system. Memory require-
ment is 256K.
Keywords: "Software, Microcomputers, Compatability,
Diskettes, "Bibliographic data bases, "Data base man-
agement systems, "Referee data base, L = CLIPPER-
Assembly, H = IBM PC/XT; IBM PC/AT.
PB88-200787/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
REFEREE: Bibliographic Database Manager, Doc-
umentation,
Northrop Services, Inc./Environmental Sciences, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
S. Raymond. Oct 87,72p* EPA/600/8-87/052A
EPA/SW/DK-88/047A
Contract EPA-68-02-4198
For system on diskette, see PB88-200779. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
The publication is the user's manual for 3.xx releases
of REFEREE, a general-purpose bibliographic data-
base management program for IBM-compatible micro-
computers. The REFEREE software also is available
from NTIS. The manual has two main sections-Quick
Tour and References Guide-and a glossary, three ap-
pendixes, and an index. Quick Tour provides informa-
tion sufficient to enable a new user to install and exper-
iment with the program. Reference Guide provides de-
tailed information about REFEREE databases,
records, and fields; the primary command available to
the user; and the most common sources of unexpect-
ed program behavior.
Keywords: Documentation, Microcomputers, Compa-
tability, "Data base management systems, 'Referee
data base, "Bibliographic data bases, Users
manuals(Computer programs).
PB88-200860/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trianale
Park, NC. Office of Research and Development.
Role of Rogue Droplet Combustion in Hazardous
Waste Incineration. Final rept. Jan 84-May 87,
Acurex Corp., Research T riangle Park, NC.
R. K. Srivastava. J. V. Ryan, and J. V. Roy. Apr 88
286p EPA/600/7-88/006	'
Contract EPA-68-02-3988
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Research and De^
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The report gives results of a study to develop a predic-
tive understanding of individual droplet trajectories in
turbulent diffusion flames. In the incineration of liquid
hazardous wastes, atomization quality may limit de-
struction efficiency. Large, nonmean droplets in a fuel
spray can pass through the flame zone prior to com-
plete evaporation, and may subsequently fail to burn
completely due to insufficient temperature and/or
flame radicals. Data from 10 trajectories were correlat-
ed using asymptotic forms for drag coefficient. A tra-
jectory model containing the local drag coefficient was
fit to the experimental data by a nonlinear regression.
The resulting model was then able to predict 4 addi-
tional measured trajectories and 39 additional meas-
ured trajectory endpoints with acceptable accuracy.
Thus, the influence of droplet spacing on the local drag
coefficient of a single droplet has been quantified. Pre-
dictions of model penetration are very close to experi-
mental findings, except for changing initial spacing of
droplets.
Keywords: 'Incinerators, 'Drops(Liquid), 'Waste dis-
posal, 'Air pollution control, Hazardous materials,
Combustion, Flames, Computer programs, 'Hazard-
ous wastes, Stationary sources, Solid wastes, Liquid
wastes.
PB88-201132/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Sampling and Determination of Gas-Phase Hydro-
gen Peroxide Following Removal of Ozone by
Gas-Phase Reaction with Nitric Oxide. Journal arti-
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY. Environmental
Chemistry Div.
R. L. Tanner, Q. Y. Markovits, E. M. Ferreri, and T. J.
Kelly. C1986, 11 p EPA/600/J-86/458
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v58 n8 p1857-1865 Jul
86. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences
Research Lab.
A method for determination of hydrogen peroxide in
the ambient atmosphere is described, using impincjer
or diffusion scrubber collection of hydrogen peroxide
with aqueous-phase analysis by an enzyme-catalyzed
fluorescence technique. Interference from ozone at
ambient levels is removed by gas-phase titration with
excess nitric oxide. The impinaer and diffusion scrub-
ber collection techniques are shown to give equivalent
results tor atmospheric gas-phase hydrogen peroxide
with limits of detection of 0.1 ppbv for approximately
60-min and 10-min sampling times, respectively.
(Copyright (c) American Chemical Society 1986.)
Keywords: "Hydrogen peroxide, 'Ozone, 'Vapor
phases, 'Atmospheric composition, Oxides, Liquid
phases, Enzymes, Catalysis, Titration, Sampling, Re-
prints, Enzyme catalyzed flourescence techniques,
Flourescence.
PB88-201140/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Meaoscale Storm and Dry Period Parameters
from Hourly Precipitation Data. Journal article
(Final) Oct 82-Sep 84,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
J. M. Thorp. C1986, 9p EPA/600/J-86/457
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v20 n9 p1683-1689
1986. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric
Sciences Research Lab.
Hourly precipitation data from 89 first-order National
Weather Service stations in the Northeastern United
States are used to define seasonal storm (wet-period)
and dry-period statistics. Mean values of regional
storm and dry-period duration and of precipitation
rates for storms and precipitation events for each
season are calculated. Frequency distributions of re-
gional storm and dry period duration allow comparison
of seasonal variations and characteristics. Such statis-
tics serve as input parameters for studies and models
developed to provide a better understanding of the
deposition of acidic pollutants by precipitation.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Precipitation(Meteorology),
'Weather observations, 'Weather forecasting,
Storms, Droughts, Seasonal variations. Frequency dis-
tribution, Mathematical models, Rainfall, Statistical
analysis, Reprints, 'Northeastern Region(United
States). Acid rain.
PB88-201157/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.
Wood Smoke: Measurement of the Mutagenic Ac-
tivities of Its Gas- and Particulate-Phase Photoox-
idatlon Products. Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc./Environmental Sciences, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
T. E. Kleindienst, P. B. Shepson, E. O. Edney, L. D.
Claxton, and L. T. Cupitt. C1986.11p EPA/600/J-86/
436
Contract EPA-68-02-4033
Pub. in Environmental Science Technology, v20 n5
P493-501 May 86. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Dilute mixtures of wood combustion emissions (with
and without additional NOx) were irradiated in a 22.7-
m3 Teflon smog chamber. The effluent was tested for
mutagenic activity by exposing Salmonella typhimur-
ium, strains TA100 and TA98, to the filtered gas-phase
components. The particulate matter was tested by
using the plate incorporation procedure. Without
added NOx, irradiated dilute wood smoke showed a
measurable increase in mutagenic activity for gas-
phase products only. Additional NOx was added in
other irradiations to enhance the formation of gas- and
particulate-phase products. (Copyright (c) 1986 Ameri-
can Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Combustion products, 'Wood, 'Air pollu-
tion, Nitrogen oxides, Toxicity, Smoke, Reprints, Par-
ticulate sampling.
PB88-201181/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Clay Liner Construction and Quality Control. Jour-
Duke Univ., Durham, NC. Dept. of Civil and Environ-
mental Engineering.
J. J. Peirce, G. Sallfors, and E. Peterson. C1986,14p
EPA/600/J-86/460
Contract EPA-68-03-3149
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Engineering, v112 n1
p13-24 Feb 86. Prepared in cooperation with Chalmers
Univ. of Technology, Goeteborg (Sweden). Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Soil handling and liner construction practices at haz-
ardous waste management facilities are documented.
Soil characterizations, processing techniques, con-
struction methods, and quality control of constructed
liners are reviewed and compared. Results indicate
widely different testing and construction methods at 23
facilities nationwide. Laboratory research indicates
that selected clay soils exhibit low hydraulic conductiv-
ity to water and certain non-water liquid wastes. This
characteristic makes clay soils potentially useful as
liner materials at hazardous waste management facili-
ties. Such facilities have been constructed and. al-
though the intended barrier function of the liners is
always the same, testing and construction techniques
are seen to vary from site to site. The need for parallel
laboratory hydraulic conductivity testing and practices
in field preparation of clay soils is noted. (Copyright (c)
ASCE 1986.)
Keywords: 'Soils, 'Hazardous materials, 'Wastes,
'Linings, Soil tests, Clays, Waste processing, Hydrau-
lics, Liquid waste disposal, Laboratories, Waste water,
Reprints.
PB88-201199/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Kinetics and Selectivity of Deep Catalytic Oxida-
tion of n-Hexane and Benzene. Journal article, Oct
86-Aug 87,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
S. K. Gangwal, M. E. Mullins, J. J. Spivey, and P. R.
Caffrey. c1988, 19p EPA/600/J-88/008
Pub. in Applied Catalysis, v36 p231-247 1988. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Research Triangle Inst., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Deep (complete) catalytic combustion (oxidation) of
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is emerging as an
important emission control technique. A fundamental
study was carried out for low-temperature deep oxida-
tion of n-hexane and benzene over a 0.1 % Pt, 3% Ni/
gamma-AI203 catalyst. These VOCs were subjected
to oxidation as single components and as a binary mix-
ture at temperatures ranging from 160 to 360 degrees
C, n-Hexane oxidation was significantly inhibited in the
mixtures. An approach based on the Mars-Van Kreve-
len rate model was used to explain the results. Kinetic
parameters were developed for the individual VOCs
based on single component differential reactor data.
These kinetic parameters were then incorporated into
a proposed multicomponent Mars-Van Krevelen rate
model to predict the experimental conversions in the
binary mixture. The model was found to be reasonably
successful in predicting the conversion of benzene
and n-hexane in their binary mixture. (Copyright (c) El-
sevier Science Publishers B.V. 1988.)
Keywords: 'Kinetics, 'Catalytic activity, 'Hexenes,
'Benzenes, Binary mixtures, Emission factors, Hydro-
carbons, Oxidation, Organic compounds, Mathemati-
cal models, 'Volatile organic compounds, Hexane oxi-
dation, Mars Van Krevelen rate model.
PB88-201207/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Medium-Sulfur Coal and Fly Ash Resistivity. Jour-
nal article Feb 86-Nov 87,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
W. A. Harrison, J. K. Nicholson, J. L. DuBard, J. D.
Carlton, and L. E. Sparks. cFeb 88,10p EPA/600/J-
88/011
Grant EPA-CR-810284
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v38
n2 p209-216 1988. Prepared in cooperation with
Southern Co. Services, Inc., Birmingham, AL. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Re-
search Lab.
The paper describes a project to expand the data base
of sulfur oxide concentrations, in situ fly ash resistivi-
ties, and electrical operating points measured in oper-
ating utility fly ash electrostatic precipitators (ESPs).
Recent data are presented. In situ resistivity data are
compared with laboratory measurements and mathe-
matical predictions. Electric generating plants burning
medium-sulfur coal need a way to predict when ESP
performance will be limited by high resistivity of the
collected fly ash. The main uncertainty in mathemati-
cal predictions of fly ash resistivity lies in the marginal
effect of sulfur trioxide vapor naturally occurring in the
flue gas. A revised version of the resistivity predictor
gives results in agreement with values measured both
in situ and in the laboratory.
Keywords: 'Sulfur oxides, 'Electrostatic precipitation,
'Emission factors, *Fly ash, Air quality data, Sulfur di-
oxide, Electrical resistivity, Coal, Mathematical
models, Flue gases, Electric power plants, Air pollution
control, Air pollution, Reprints.
PB88-201215/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Composite Receptor Method Applied to Philadel-
hla Aerosol. Journal article,
nvironmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
T. G. Dzubay, R. K. Stevens, G. E. Gordon, I. Olmez,
and A. E. Sheffield. c1988,10p EPA/600/J-88/007
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v22
n1 p46-52 Jan 88. Prepared in cooperation with Mary-
land Univ., College Park, and Northrop Services, Inc./
Environmental Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Particles were collected in dichotomous samplers at
three sites in the Philadelphia area during summer,
1982, and analyzed by x-ray fluorescence, instrumen-
tal neutron activation, pyrolysis, and ion chromatogra-
phy. An intermethod comparison showed that fine frac-
tion results agreed within measurement error for S, Ca,
Mn, Fe, Zn and Sb. A composite of chemical mass bal-
ance, multiple linear regression, and stratification by
wind direction was used to apportion mass into ten cat-
egories. Primary emissions from residual oil combus-
tion, catalytic crackers, an antimony roaster, and mu-
nicipal incinerators contributed less than 10% of PM-
10. The portions of average PM-10 attributed to crustal
matter and vehicle exhaust were 17 + or - 2 and 6 +
or - 2, respectively. That attributed to sulfate plus relat-
ed water and ions was 50 to 55%. Wind stratified data
indicated that 80 + or - 20% of the sulfate was from a
regional background. Multiple linear regression of S vs
tracers Se and either V or Ni indicated that 72 + or - 8
and 16 + or - 5% could be attributed to coal- and re-
sidual oil-fired power plants, respectively. (Copyright
(c) 1987, American Chemical Society.)
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, Aerosols, Sam-
plers, Monitoring, Chemical analysis, Particles, Re-
prints, 'Particulate sampling, * Air pollution sampling,
'Air pollution detection.
PB88-201223/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Evaluating the Results of Infrared Furnace Reacti-
vation. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
W. E. Koffskey, and B. W. Lykins. c1988, 5p EPA/600/
J-88/012
Pub. in Waterworld News, v4 n1 p12-14 Jan/Feb
1988. Prepared in cooperation with Jefferson Parish
Dept. of Public Utilities, LA.
Because of the 1986 Amendments to the Safe Drink-
ing Water Act, many utilities are facing possible imple-
mentation of granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorp-
tion technology to meet regulations concerning the re-
moval of synthetic organic chemicals from drinking
water. Under a jointly funded cooperative agreement
with the Environmental Protection Agency, a 3-mgd
GAC filtration and reactivation pilot facility was con-
structed at Jefferson Parish, LA, to assess the eco-
nomic impact of removing trace organic contaminants
from lower Mississippi River drinking water and to
evaluate the performance of the infrared reactivation
furnace for repeated reactivation of GAC. The article
describes the design and operation of the GAC reacti-
vation system installed at the Jefferson Parish pilot fa-
cility.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Activated carbon
treatment, "Electric furnaces, 'Water treatment, Infra-
red heating, Economic factors. Activation, Perform-
ance evaluation, Design criteria, Operations, Pilot
plants, Removal, Louisiana, Reprints, 'Drinking water,
Granular activated carbon, Jefferson
Parish(Louisiana).
PB88-201231/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Gastrointestinal Absorption of Soluble Uranium
from Drinking Water. Published paper,
Utah Univ., Salt Lake City. School of Medicine.
M. E. Wrenn, N. P. Singh, H. Ruth, and D. Burleigh. Apr
88,8p EPA/600/D-88/078
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The manuscript describes results of an experiment to
determine the gastrointestinal absorption of uranium
from drinking water in 12 health adults. Most of the
uranium ingested was excreted in feces in the first 2
days following ingestion of the water. The absorption
was the same for (234)U and (238)U for each subject.
Absorption varied among subjects from -0.02% to
2.6%, with a mean of 0.6%. Low absorption may be
due to concurrent ingestion of food.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Uranium, "Health physics,
Excretion, 'Water pollution effects(Humans), 'Intesti-
nal absorption, 'Drinking water.
PB88-201504/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Quality Assurance Div.
Stability of Parts-Per-Billion Hazardous Organic
Cylinder Gases and Performance Audit Results of
Source Test and Ambient Air Measurement Sys-
tems. Status Report 4,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Center for Environmental Measurement.
R. K. M. Jayanty, C. K. Sokol, and C. E. Decker. Jan 88,
289p EPA/600/4-88/016
Contract EPA-68-02-4125
See also PB87-166803. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Quality Assurance Div.
An evaluation of 29 gaseous organic compounds at
PPB levels in compressed gas cylinders was conduct-
ed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA). Primary objectives of this on-going project are
to: (1) evaluate the quality of measurements made by
EPA, state/local agencies or their contractors by using
pob qas cylinders for performance audits to assess rel-
ative accuracy of source measurement systems during
hazardous waste trial burn tests and ambient air moni-
toring programs; (2) verify the manufacturer s certified
analysis of the multi-component gas mixtures, (3) de-
1064 Vol. 90, No. 24
termine stability of gas mixtures with time; and (4) de-
velop new audit materials as requested by EPA. Cylin-
ders consist of 5 mixtures of 5, 6, 7, 9, and 18 organic
compounds each. These mixtures were blended by a
commercial gas supplier in aluminum cylinders in a bal-
ance gas of nitrogen. To date, 198 performance audits
have been initiated and 172 completed. Results of
these audits and description of experimental proce-
dures used for analyses and available stability data are
in Status Report No. 4.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Gas cylinders, 'In-
cineration, "Air pollution, "Gas analysis, Experimental
design, Stability, Tables(Data), Sources, Chemical
analysis, 'Air pollution detection, Procedures.
PB88-201918/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Inactivatlon of Particle-Associated Conforms by
Chlorine and Monochloramine. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
D. Berman, E. W. Rice, and J. C. Hoff. 1988, 8p EPA/
600/J-88/009
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v54
n2 p507-512 Feb 88.
Sieves and nylon screens were used to separate pri-
mary sewage effluent solids into particle fractions of
<7- or >7 micrometer size. Conforms associated with
the <7 micrometer fraction were inactivated more rap-
idly by 0.5mg of chlorine per liter at 5 deg C and pH 7
than coliforms associated with the >7 micrometer
fraction. Homogenization of the > 7 micrometer frac-
tion not only resulted in an increase in the number of
<7 micrometer particles, but also increased the rate
of inactivation to a rate similar to that of the <7 mi-
crometer fraction. With 1 mg of monochloramine per
liter at 5 deg C and pH 7, particle size had no apprecia-
ble effect on the rate of inactivation. The results indi-
cate that coliforms associated with sewage effluent
particles are inactivated more rapidly with 0.5 mg of
chlorine per liter than with 1.0 mg of monochloramine
per liter. However, >7-micrometer particles can have
a protective effect against the disinfecting action of
chlorine.
Keywords: 'Microorganism control(Sewage), 'Water
pollution control, 'Coliform bacteria, 'Chlorine, Chlo-
rine inorganic compounds, Chlorination, Disinfection,
Particle size, Reprints, 'Monochloramine, Sewage
treatment effluent.
PB88-201967/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Summary of the Black Creek Project: Report
through 1980 Project Year Based on Seminars in
Washington, D.C., February 1980, Chicago, Illinois,
March 1980. Progress rept.,
Allen County Soil and Water Conservation District, Fort
Wayne, IN.
J. B. Morrison, D. Nelson, J. V. Mannering, D. Griffith,
and D. B. Beasley. Jun 1981,69p EPA/905/9-81 /004
Grant EPA-S-005335
See also PB80-134059. Prepared in cooperation with
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN., and Illinois Univ. at
Urbana-Champaign. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great Lakes National Pro-
gram Office.
This is a progress report of the Black Creek sediment
control project. The Black Creek watershed is located
in the Maumee River Basin and drains into the western
end of Lake Erie in Indiana. The report discusses the
details of the work done in water quality management
and ongoing research for planning at the national, re-
gional or state level. The Black Creek project exempli-
fies the traditional approach, and its shortcomings in
improving and maintaining biological integrity are the
same as, or similar to, those of other traditional
projects.
Keywords: "Water quality management, "Erosion con-
trol, "Watershed management, sediment, Soil conser-
vation, Soil erosion. "Black Creek. Maumee River.
PB88-202023/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Mechanism of Inactivation of Enteric Viruses In
Fresh Water. Journal article.
James N. Gamble Inst, of Medical Research, Cincin-
nati, OH.
R. L. Ward, D. R. Knowlton, and P. E. Winston. C1986
13p EPA/600/J-86/462
Grant EPA-R-811183
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v52
n3 p450-459 Sep 86. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Methods developed in the laboratory were used to
measure inactivation rates of enteric viruses seeded
into freshwaters from a variety of sources. All freshwa-
ter samples caused a decrease in poliovirus-1 infectiv-
ity of less than 98% within 4 days at 27 deg C. Virus in-
activation was irreversible because particles dissociat-
ed in proportion to loss of infectivity. Other enteric vi-
ruses, i.e., echovirus-12, coxsackievirus B5, and rota-
virus SA-11, were also shown to be inactivated in
these waters. Thus, freshwaters contain virucidal fac-
tors which should reduce the public health risks asso-
ciated with fecal contamination of these waters. (Copy-
right (c) 1986, American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: "Enteroviruses, 'Fresh water, "Water pol-
lution control, "Aquatic microbiology, Disease vectors.
Humans, Concentration(Composition), Sampling!
Temperature, Risk, Public health, Tests, Fteprints, In-
activation.
PB88-202031/HSU	PC A03/MF AOt
Geostatistical Analysis of Palmerton Soil Survey
Data. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
T. H. Starks, A. R. Sparks, and K. W. Brown. C1987
14p EPA/600/J-87/349
Pub. in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v9
p239-261 1987. Prepared in cooperation witti Nevada
Univ., Las Vegas, and Sparks (Allen R.), Las Vegas
The paper describes statistical and geostatistical anal-
yses of data from a soil sampling survey. Soil sampling
was performed, in October and November 1985, to
obtain information on the level, extent, and spatial
structure of metal pollution of the soil in and around the
Palmerton, Pennsylvania, NPL Superfund site. Meas-
urements of the concentrations of cadmium, copper
lead, and zinc in the soil samples were obtained. An
appropriate variance stabilizing transformation was de-
termined. Estimation of variance components was per-
formed. Generalized covariance functions for too-
transformed concentrations were estimated for each
metal. Block kriging was employed using the estimated
spatial structure models to obtain estimated metal
concentration distributions over the central part of Pal-
merton. (Copyright (c) 1987 by D. Reidel Publishing
Company.)	3
Keywords: "Metals, "Hazardous materials, "Soil sur-
veys, "Pollution, Statistical analysis
Concentration(Composition), Cadmium, Copper'
Lead(Metal), Zinc, Measurement, Estimates, Spatiai
distribution,	Reprints,	'Superfund
Palmerton(Pennsylvania), Point kriging.
PB68-202049/HSU	PC A02/MF AQ1
Nitric Oxide Destruction In the Fuel-Bed Bumlna
Regime of Spreader Stokers. Journal article, • "
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab
G. P. Starley, D. R. Broabeck, D. W. Pershing, and G.
B. Martin. c1987,6p EPA/600/J-87/344
Pub. in Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. v26 n4 1987. Prepared in
cooperation with Utah Univ., Salt Lake City. Dept of
Chemical Engineering.
The article gives results of an experimental study of
nitric oxide (NO) destruction in the fuel-bed of a coal-
fired spreader stoker. NO was injected into the coal
bed and freeboard flame zone under varying local SSI
chiometries to determine the fate of NO in the prirnarv
combustion zone. In general, a high capacity for No
reduction was observed, with bed-phase reduction
contributing most significantly to the overall mecha-
nism. Fractional survival of injected NO, as well as fuS
nitrogen conversion to exhaust NO, decreased wtth
decreasing bed-region stoichiometry. Staged fjrinn
also decreased NO survival by increasing residence
time in the fuel-rich primary combustion zone Tto
modest nitrogen oxides (NOx) reductions achievabb!
with Flue Gas Recirculation (FGR), a practical NOv
control technique, are due in part to the more than
50% destruction of NO in the recycled flue ossIm
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Nitrogen oxide(NO), 'Fluidized bed proc-
essors, * Air pollution control, 'Spreader stokers, 'Sta-
tionary sources.
PB88-202056/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Program to Develop Engineering Data for Fabric
Filtration with Integral Particle Charging and Col-
lection in a Combined Electric and Flow Field.
Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab,
N. PlakS. 1987,10p EPA/600/J-87/345
Pub. in proceedings of the Institute of Electrostatics
Japan, v11 n6 p445-452 Nov 87.
The paper discusses an EPA program to develop engi-
neering data for the application of electrostatics to
fabric filtration in the form of integral particle charging
and collection in a combined electric and flow field,
which causes particle deposition to be dominated by
electrostatic precipitation rather than by porous flow
collection. A mathematical model was developed to
predict the nonuniform deposition of the particulate
matter and the relative pressure drop that would result
from it. The model predicts both the nonunitorm depo-
sition and relative pressure drop with reasonable accu-
racy. Also investigated as part of the program was the
use of pulse energization to equalize the corona cur-
rents among a number of electrified bags powered by
the same electric power supply. Energizing the bags
decreased the penetration of particles > 0.8 microme-
ter; the trend suggested that it should also be possible
to decrease the penetration of particles < 0.8 microm-
eter.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, Electro-
static precipitators, Mathematical model, Particles, Fil-
tration, 'Fabric filters, Stationary sources.
PB88-202064/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Selected Chemical Contaminants in Surface Sedi-
ments of Commencement Bay and the Tacoma
Waterways, Washington, USA (Revised). Journal
article,
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
D. W. Schults, S. P. Ferraro, G. R. Ditsworth, and K. A.
Sercu. 1987,27p EPA/600/J-87/341, ERLN-N010
Pub. in Marine Environmental Research v22 p271-295
1987.
Eight metals, 21 organic priority pollutants, and 11
otner contaminants and contaminant-related sediment
characteristics were measured in surface sediments
(upper 2 cm) at 21 locations in Commencement Bay
and the Tacoma Waterways, Washington. Summary
statistics were calculated and statistical approaches
were applied to subsets of the data to classify sedi-
ment contamination. High concentrations of some
contaminants appeared to be related to proximity to
sources of contaminants. Depositional vectors, and
chemical adsorption processes may also influence the
spatial distribution of sediment contamination in the
study area.
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Sediments, 'Water pollution,
•Commencement Bay, 'Waterways(Watercourses),
Sampling,	Statistical	analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Adsorption, Spatial distri-
bution, Clay soils, Arsenic, Iron, Manganese, Aromatic
polycyclic hydrocarbons, Washington(State), Reprints,
Point sources.
PB88-202072/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Four Independent Approaches to Developing
Sediment Quality Criteria Yield Similar Values lor
Model Contaminants. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Narragansett, Newport,
OR.
P M. Chapman, R. C. Barrick, J. M. Neff, and R. C.
SwartZ. C1987, 5p EPA/600/J-87/342
pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v6
p723-725 1987. Prepared in cooperation with E.V.S.
Consultants Ltd., North Vancouver (British Columbia),
Tetra Tech, Inc., Bellevue, WA., and Battelle New Eng-
land Marine Research Lab., Duxbury, MA. William F.
Clapp Labs.
Separate approaches to determining marine sediment
quality criteria yielded similar values for three contami-
nants. These values, including concentrations at or
below which biological effects have been shown to be
minimal and lowest concentrations at which biological
effects have been shown to occur, range from (dry
weight sediment): lead, 50 to 300 micrograms/g
(ppm); polyaromatic hydrocarbons, 2.0 to 12.0 micro-
grams/g; polychlorinated biphenyls, 0.06 to 0.13 mi-
crograms/g. (Copyright (c) 1987 SET AC.)
Keywords: 'Aquatic biology, "Sediments, 'Water pol-
lution, Toxicity, Concentration(Composition), Aromatic
polycyclic hydrocarbons, Biphenyl, Chlorine organic
compounds, Lead(Metal), Chemical analysis, Crusta-
cae, Comparison, Reprints, Polychloride biphenyls,
Rhepoxynius abronius.
PB88-202080/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Differential Susceptibility of Immature Rat Testes
to Doxorubicin at Critical States of Maturation.
Journal article,
National Inst, of Environmental Health Sciences, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
R. Bechter, R. Haebler, R. A. Ettlin, J. K. Haseman, and
R. L. Dixon. C1987,9p EPA/600/J-87/343
Pub. in Archives of Toxicology, v60 p415-421 1987.
Prepared in cooperation with Michigan State Univ.,
East Lansing. Sponsored by Environmental Research
Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
The toxic effects of doxorubicin on the reproductive
system of the male rate were studied at different sus-
ceptible stages of postnatal development. A multidisci-
plinary approach including the assessment of histo-
pathological, functional, and biochemical parameters
was chosen. Groups of male rats were treated once
with the compound (3 mg/kg) on postnatal day 6, 16,
24 or 45. Initial toxicity was observed in the group
treated at 24 days of age; particularly, low reproductive
organ weights and low sperm counts were found.
These findings proved reversible towards the end of
the study. Neither biochemical nor functional impair-
ment of the reproductive system could be observed in
the group treated at 45 days of age. (Copyright (c)
Springer-Verlag, 1987.)
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Reproduction(Biology), Tox-
icity, Laboratory animals, Reproductive systems, Fertil-
ity, 'Doxorubicin.
PB88-202098/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Terminal Arbors ol Axons Projecting to the Soma-
tosensory Cortex of the Adult Rat. 1. The Normal
Morphology of Specific Thalamocortical Affer-
ents. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
K. F. Jensen, and H. P. Killackey. C1987,17p EPA-
600/J-87/336
Pub. in Jnl. of Neuroscience, v7 p3529-3543 Nov 87.
Prepared in cooperation with California Univ., Irvine.
A characteristic feature of the rat somatosensory neo-
cortex is a discrete topographic representation of the
facial whiskers. Afferent fibers protecting to this vibris-
sae representation were 'bulk-labeled by injecting
horseradish peroxidase into the white matter. Terminal
arbors of specific thalamocortical afferents were char-
acterized by their discretely organized layer IV plexus.
The size of the terminal arbors varied with their loca-
tion and paralleled the regional distribution of different
size vibrissae related-clusters, indicating that a single
afferent rabor tends to fill a cluster. This interpretation
was supported by two additional observations. One,
when two fibers terminated within a single cluster their
terminal arbors appeared largely coextensive. Two,
when fibers were reconstructed from tangential sec-
tions, terminal arbors appeared to be concentrated
within single clusters. The observations, together with
the results of previous studies, indicate that the size of
a terminal arbor innervating a vibrissa related cluster is
related to the extent of the peripheral innervation of
the corresponding vibrissa.
Keywords: "Cerebral cortex, Rats, Laboratory animals,
Morphology, Reprints, "Neurology, "Terminal arbors.
PB88-202106/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Occupational Exposures and Chronic Respiratory
Symptoms: A Population-Based Study. Journal arti-
cle,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Dept. of Medi-
cine.
R. J. Korn, D. W. Dockery, F. E. Speizer, J. H. Ware,
and B. G. Ferris. C1987,9p
Grant EPA-R-811650
Pub. in American Review of Respiratory Disease, v136
p298-304 1987. Prepared in cooperation with Brigham
and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA. Sponsored by
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Data from a random sample of 8,515 white adults re-
siding in six cities in the eastern and midwestern
United States were used to examine the relationships
between occupational exposures to dust or to gases
and fumes and chronic respiratory symptoms. 31 % of
the population had a history of occupational dust expo-
sure and 30% reported exposure to gas or to fumes.
After adjusting for smoking habits, age, gender, and
city of residence, subjects with either occupational ex-
posure had significantly elevated prevalence of chron-
ic cough, chronic phlegm, persistent wheeze, and
breathlessness. The adjusted relative odds of chronic
respiratory symptoms for subjects exposed to dust
ranged from 1.32 to 1.60. Subjects with gas or fume
exposure had relative odds of symptoms between 1.27
and 1.43 when compared to unexposed subjects. Oc-
cupational dust exposure was associated with a higher
prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) as defined by an FEV1 /FVC ratio of less than
0.6, when comparing exposed and unexposed partici-
pants (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.17-2.08). Gas or fume
exposure was associated with a small, but not signifi-
cant, increase in COPD prevalence. Significant trends
were noted for wheeze and phlegm with increasing du-
ration of dust exposure. Although 36% of exposed
subjects reported exposure to both dust and fumes,
there was no evidence of a multiplicative interaction
between the effects of the individual exposures. Smok-
ing was a significant independent predictor of symp-
toms, but did not appear to modify the effect of dust or
fumes on symptom reporting. These data, obtained in
random samples of general populations, demonstrate
that chronic respiratory disease can be independently
associated with occupational exposures.
Keywords: "Respiratory diseases, "Dust, "Gases,
"Fumes, Surveys, Exposure, Industries, Statistical
data, Signs and symptoms, Lung diseases, Trends,
Reprints, "Occupational safety and health, Eastern
Region, Midwestern Region.
PB88-202114/HSll	PC A03/MF A01
Mutagenic and Clastogenic Properties of 3-
Chloro-4-(D!chloromethyl)-5-Hydroxy-2(5H)-
Furanone: A Potent Bacterial Mutagen In Drinking
Water. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH. Toxicol-
ogy and Microbiology Div.
J. R. Meier, W. F. Blazak, and R. B. Knohl. c1987,16p
EPA/600/J-87/340
Pub. in Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis,
vIO p411-424 1987. Prepared in cooperation with SRI
International, Menlo Park, CA.
3-Chloro-4-(dlchloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone
(MX) was found to be a direct-acting mutagen in the
Ames test for strains TA1535, TA1538, TA92, TA97,
TA98, TA100 and TA102. The highest mutagenic re-
sponse (approximately 13,000 revertants/nmol) was
seen In strain TA100. The TA100 response was six- to
tenfold higher than in TA98, TA97, and TA102, and
100- to 500-fold higher than in TA1535, TA92, and
TA1538. The addition of a 9,000 x g supernatant frac-
tion (S-9) from livers of polychlorinated biphenyl-treat-
ed rats, along with cofactors for NADPH generation,
resulted in a 90% reduction in the TA100 mutagenicity.
MX induced chromosomal aberrations in Chinese
hamster ovary cells after 6-8 hr exposure without S-9
at a dose as low as 4 micro/ml, and after 2 hr exposure
with S-9 at a dose of 75 micro/ml. The oral dose of MX
lethal to 50% (LD50) in Swiss-Webster mice was de-
termined to be 128 mg/kg. MX did not induce micronu-
clei in mouse bone marrow when administered by oral
gavage at doses up to 70% of the LD50. (Copyriaht (ci
1987 Alan R. Liss, Inc.)
Keywords: "Furans, "Chromosomes, "Potable water,
Mutagens, Pharmacology, Water pollution, Salmonella
typhimurium, Cell nucleus, Hamsters, Mice. Rats,
Ovary, Ribosomes, Toxicity, Bone marrow. Drugs,
Contaminants, Reprints, 'Drinking water, Chromo-
some aberrations, Microsomes(Liver), Water
pollutants(Chemical), Cricetulus, Fibroblasts, Pollut-
ants.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-202122/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Rate Constants tor Some Oxidations of S(IV) by
Radicals in Aqueous Solutions. Journal article,
National Bureau of Standards (NML), Gaithersburg,
MD. Chemical Kinetics Div.
R. E. Huie, and P. Neta. c1987,7p EPA/600/J-87/324
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v21 n8 p1743-1747
1987. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric
Sciences Research Lab.
Rate constants were measured for several radical re-
actions important in the autoxidation of Sulfite(IV) in at-
mospheric droplets. In some cases, the rate constants
are significantly different than those used previously in
atmospheric models. The results suggest that second-
ary radical-radical reactions may be of considerable
importance in the mechanism of sulfite autoxidation in
the atmosphere. (Copyright (c) Pergamon Journals
Ltd., 1987.)
Keywords: 'Sulfite, 'Oxidation, Water, Free radicals,
Acidification, Experimentation, Rates(Per time), Con-
stants, Maritine, Pollution, Reprints, Acid rain, Atmos-
pheric chemistry.
PB88-202130/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Application of Game Theory in the Design of Opti-
mal Air Pollution Control Measures. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
S. K. Hati, and R. G. Lamb. C1987,12p EPA/600/J-
87/325
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v21 n8 p1833-1841
1987. Prepared in cooperation with Development Con-
sultants, Calcutta (India).
Methods of game theory are used to develop a tech-
nique for finding optimal solutions to air quality prob-
lems that involve multiple objectives. The technique is
demonstrated using a hypothetical problem in which
sites for two new power plants are sought that optimal-
ly satisfy five objectives subject to given constraints.
The five objectives are minimization of (1) fuel and pol-
lutant control costs, (2) long-term averaged S02 con-
centration, (3) peak short-term S02 concentration, (4)
long-term averaged particulate concentration, and (5)
peak short-term particulate concentration. The con-
straints include the number and locations of fuel
sources, the energy and pollutant contents and cost of
fuel from each source, the admissible areas for plant
locations, etc. The focus of the paper is on concepts
and technique development rather than the solution of
specific problems.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Mathematical
models, Game theory. Sulfur dioxide.
PB88-202148/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Representation of Atmospheric Motion in Models
of Regional-Scale Air Pollution. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
R. G. Lamb, and S. K. Hati. c1987, 12p EPA/600/J-
87/326
Pub. in Jnl. of Climate and Applied Meteorology, v26
n7 p837-846 Jul 87. Prepared in cooperation with De-
velopment Consultants, Calcutta (India).
A method is developed for generating ensembles of
wind fields for use in regional scale (1000 km) models
of transport and diffusion. The underlying objective is a
methodology for representing atmospheric motion in
applied air pollution models that permits explicit treat-
ment of the uncertainty inherent in the specification of
atmospheric states. The nature of this uncertainty is il-
lustrated by showing that a set of discrete meteorologi-
cal observations made at a given moment in time and
the diagnostic equations of fluid motion together
define a manifold in function space each point of which
is a possible description of the state of the atmosphere
at the moment the observations were made. It is
arqued that hypotheses can be adduced regarding the
liklihood that individual points on the manifold describe
the atmospheric state at the time of the observations;
but that contrary to common practice adequate infor-
mation does not exist to allow one to state with certain-
ty that a specific function is the correct description.
The paper shows that dynamic programming is Really
suited to finding these sequences which constitute the
desired ensemble of wind specifications in space and
time.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Atmospheric models, At-
mospheric motion, Reprints.
PB88-202171/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Inter-Storm Comparisons from the OSCAR (Oxi-
dation and Scavenging Characteristics of April
Rains) High Density Network Experiment. Journal
article,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA
E. G. Chapman, D. J. Luecken, M. T. Dana, R. C.
Easter, and J. M. Hales. c1987,21 p EPA/600/J-87/
323
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v21 n3 p531-549
1987. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric
Sciences Research Lab.
The high density network component of the Oxidation
and Scavenging Characteristics of April Rains
(OSCAR) experiment combined aircraft, surface, and
sequential precipitation chemistry measurements to
characterize the physicochemical and dynamic fea-
tures of four storms sampled during an April 1981 field
investigation. A surface network of 47 precipitation
sampling stations, covering a roughly square region
110 km on a side, was established in the area sur-
rounding Fort Wayne, Indiana. The network provided
temporal and spatial resolution of rainfall chemistry via
the use of specially designed automatic sequential
bulk precipitation collectors, while aircraft and surface
sampling provided measurements of the major aero-
sols and trace gases in the boundary-layer inflow
region. Composite concentration and ion ratio profiles
for the events were analyzed to investigate potential
pollutant scavenging pathways. (Copyright (c) 1987
Pergamon Journals Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Storms, "Meteorological data, "Air pollu-
tion, Precipitation(Meteorology), Physicochemical
properties, Rainfall, Sampling, Oxidation, Scavenging,
Reprints, "Air pollution sampling, Path of pollutants.
PB88-202379/HSU	CP D99
Dispersion Model for Elevated Dense Gas Jet
Chemical Releases (Ooms/DEGADIS) (for Micro-
computers). Software,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
D. Guinnup. Apr 88,2 diskettes* EPA/SW/DK-88/048
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskette,
double sided, double density compatible with the IBM
PC microcomputer. Diskettes are in ASCII format.
Price includes documentation, PB88-202387 and
PB88-202395.
The computer program, Ooms/DEGADIS, found on
these diskettes and described in the EPA report enti-
tled, 'A Dispersion Model for Elevated Dense Gas Jet
Chemical Releases - Volumes 1 & 2' (EPA 450/4-88-
006a & b), is a VAX-operational program designed to
simulate the dispersion of heavier-than-air gases
which are emitted into the atmosphere with significant
velocity through elevated ports. The program incorpo-
rates the sequential execution of two models. The first
one (Ooms) calculates the trajectory and dispersion of
the gas plume as it falls to the ground. The second
(DEGADIS) calculates the downwind dispersion of the
plume after it touches the ground. Users are referred
to the Preface in the User's Guide for specific instruc-
tions for program implementation.. Software Descrip-
tion: The program is written in FORTRAN with specific
intent for compilation and execution on a Digital Equip-
ment Corporation VAX computer. Implementation of
the model on any other computer system may be at-
tempted at the risk of the user. To facilitate dissemina-
tion of the model, it is being provided on two PC-com-
patible diskettes. The model should be uploaded via
modem from a PC terminal to host VAX computer, and
several files must then be renamed prior to compilation
and execution.
Keywords: 'Software, 'Atmospheric models, 'Plumes,
'Air pollution, Density, Particle trajectories, State gov-
ernment, Local government, Mathematical models,
'Atmospheric dispersion, Computer models, Gaseous
effluents, Gas jets.
PB88-202387/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Dispersion Model for Elevated Dense Gas Jet
Chemical Releases. Volume 1. Documentation,
Arkansas Univ., Fayetteville.
J. Havens, and T. Spicer. Apr 88,82p EPA/450/4-88/
006A,, EPA/SW/DK-88/048A
For system on diskette, see PB88-202379. See also
Volume 2, PB88-202395. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The document is the first of two volumes describing
the development and use of a computer program de-
signed to model the dispersion of heavier-than-air
gases which are emitted into the atmosphere with sig-
nificant velocity through elevated ports. The program
incorporates the sequential execution of two models.
The first one (Ooms) calculates the trajectory and dis-
persion of the gas plume as it falls to the ground. The
second (DEGADIS) calculates the downwind disper-
sion after the plume touches ground. The first volume
discusses the development of both models and estab-
lishes the mathematical framework for the calcula-
tions. In addition, the trajectory portion of the model is
evaluated in reference to wind tunnel data.
Keywords: 'Computer programs, 'Mathematical
models, 'Plumes, 'Dispersions, 'Air pollution. Gase-
ous effluents, Density, Gas jets, Dilution, Particle tra-
jectories, Ooms/DEGADIS computer program.
PB88-202395/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Dispersion Model for Elevated Dense Gas Jet
Chemical Releases. Volume 2. User's Guide,
Arkansas Univ., Fayetteville.
J. Havens, and Apr 88,377p* EPA/450/4-88/006B
EPA/SW/DK-88/048B
For system on diskette, see PB88-202379. See also
Volume 1, PB88-202387. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The mathematical modeling techniques used to pre-
dict atmospheric dispersion of denser-than-air gases
in the Ooms and DEGADIS models are briefly summa-
rized. The Ooms/DEGRADIS model was written in
FORTRAN with specific intent for compilation and exe-
cution on a Digital Equipment Corporation VAX com-
puter. The Ooms model describes the release and
subsequent dilution and trajectory of an elevated gas
iet as a gas plume. If the plume falls to ground level,
DEGADIS describes the resulting ground-level plume!
DEGADIS can also be used to describe the release
and dilution from a low-momentum, ground-level re-
lease. The necessary model-input information to simu-
late a denser-than-air gas release is summarized. Ex-
ample simulations of steady-state and transient re-
lease and guidelines for installation of the models are
included. The Ooms and DEGADIS models are listed
along with certain program variables and diagnostic
messages.
Keywords: 'Software, 'Atmospheric models, 'Plumes
"Air pollution, Density, Particle trajectories, State gov-
ernment, Local government, Mathematical models,
'Atmospheric dispersion, Computer models, Gaseous
effluents, Gas jets.
PB88-202445/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Trickling Filter/Solids Contact Performance with
Rock Filters at High Organic Loadings. Journal arti-
Brown and Caldwell, Pleasant Hill, CA.
R. N. Matasci, D. L. Clark, J. A. Heidman, D. S. Parker
and B. Petrik. C1988,11p EPA/600/J-88/010
Contract EPA-68-03-1818
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Pollution Control Federation, v60
n1 p68-76 Jan 88. Prepared in cooperation with Mono
Bay, CA. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research
Lab.
The performance of the trickling filter/solids contact
(TF/SC) process at high organic loadings was studied
at the Morro Bay-Cayucos treatment plant. The avar
age secondary effluent TSS increased only sliahMu
(from 13 mg/L to 15 mg/L) when the filter BOD5 load,
ing was doubled from 480 g/cu m-day (30 ppd/1000
cu ft) to 960 g/cu m-days (60 ppd/1000 cu ft) The
rock trickling filter operated without noticeable odo^l
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
at the higher loading, although Beggiatoa presence in-
dicated the filter was stressed. When the Morro Bay-
Cayucos secondary process operated in the trickling
filter mode at the lower filter loading, average second-
ary effluent TSS was 28 mg/L. Work at the Coeur
d'Alene, Idaho, trickling filter plant showed that aver-
age secondary effluent TSS decreased from 25 mg/L
to 16 mg/L when the old shallow secondary clarifier
was replaced with a new flocculator-clarifier.
Keywords: 'Chemical removal(Water treatment),
Waste water, Concentration(Composition), 'Water
pollution control.
PB88-202452/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Termination Criteria for Clay Permeability Testing.
Journal article,
Duke Univ., Durham, NC.
J. J. Peirce, and K. A. Witter. c1986,17p EPA/600/J-
86/461
Contract EPA-68-03-3149
Pub. in Jnl. of Geotechnical Engineering, v112 n9
p841-954 Sep 86. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste En-
gineering Research Lab.
Linear regression and related statistical techniques are
used to analyze hydraulic conductivity and test termi-
nation criteria are suggested. These criteria include
that the slope of k versus pore volumes does not differ
significantly from zero and that a minimum number of
permeant pore volumes pass through the clay to pro-
vide saturation. To simplify the presentation, specific
characteristics of the clay/chemical combination, such
as cation exchange capacity, are not a focus of this
presentation. The use of clay liners at hazardous
waste disposal sites has prompted an interest in the k
of clays exposed to chemicals, k is commonly deter-
mined in the laboratory using fixed or flexible wall per-
meameters and consolidometers, but past and current
procedures reflect a lack of consistency in termination
criteria for such tests. Fixed wall permeameters are
used to study the effects of calcium sulfate and two
simulated waste chemicals on three field clays. Re-
sults indicate the usefulness of the analysis in defining
equilibrium conditions in laboratory testing. (Copyright
(c) Journal of Technological Engineering 1986.)
Keywords: 'Linear regression analysis, 'Hydraulics,
'Clays, Porous materials, Permeating, Hazardous ma-
terials, Regression analysis, Waste disposal, Reprints,
Test termination criteria.
PB88-202460/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Kinetic Studies of the Reduction of Aromatic Azo
Compounds In Anaerobic Sediment/Water Sys-
tems. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
E J. Weber, and N. L. Wolfe. 1987,11p EPA/600/J-
87/339
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v6
n12p911-919Dec 87.
The reductive transformation of azobenzene and se-
lected derivatives was investigated in anaerobic sedi-
ment/water systems. The azo compounds exhibited
pseudo-first-order disappearance kinetics through at
least three half-lives. The reduction kinetics of these
compounds was studied as a function of their reduc-
tion potential and sediment/water distribution coeffi-
cient. There was no apparent correlation between the
observed disappearance rate constant and reduction
potential. Chemical sterilization of the sediment/water
sample with formaldehyde and treatment with tri-
cresol, a dehydrogenase inhibitor, or sodium azlde, a
metabolic inhibitor, had little effect on the observed re-
duction rate constants for azobenzene, indicating an
abiotic reduction process. Heat sterilization indicated
that the reducing agent was heat labile.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, "Azo compounds, Aro-
matic compounds, Toxicology, Chemical reactivity,
Reduction(Chemistry), Reprints, 'Chemical kinetics,
•Azobenzene, Environmental fate.
PB88-202478/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Factors Affecting the Photochemical Treatment
of Hazardous Waste,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
R. G. Zepp. Apr 88,20p* EPA/600/D-88/081
The photochemical treatment of hazardous waste can
be optimized by taking into account several factors
that influence the rates of photochemical reactions.
Physical factors that facilitate photochemical treat-
ment include: (1) maximizing the irradiated surface to
volume ratio of the system, (2) selecting a light source
with a spectrum that strongly overlaps the absorption
spectrum of the chromophore, (3) vigorously mixing
the reactants. Although hazardous wastes are degrad-
ed by the direct absorption of light, the overall rate of
light-induced reactions can usually be accelerated by
adding to the treatment system various dissolved or
particulate substances that, upon light absorption,
produce reactive excited states or free radical interme-
diates that also react with the waste. Examples of such
additives include ozone, peroxides, semiconducting
metal oxides (such as titanium dioxide, and various or-
ganic photosensitizers that efficiently photoproduce
excited triplet states.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Hazardous wastes,
Photochemical reactions, 'Photochemical treatment.
PB88-202486/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Stochastic Computer Simulation Methodology for
Quantifying the Health Effect of Pollutant Expo-
sure Using Pharmacokinetic Models,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH. Toxicol-
ogy and Microbiology Div.
N. E. Kowal. Apr 88,22p* EPA/600/D-88/080
A stochastic computer simulation methodology for use
with continuous dynamic systems is described. The
methodology is applied to a pharmacokinetic model of
cadmium in humans, and attempts to account for the
statistical variability in cadmium exposure through in-
gestion in quantifying the predicted health effect of
cadmium. The methodology consists of four basic
steps: formulation of a realistic physiological pharma-
cokinetic model for humans, derivation of empirical
probability distributions for input variables, numerical
solution of the model using ordinary differential equa-
tion integration methods and random sampling of the
input distribution, and, finally, statistical analysis of the
output distributions. Several future directions in the de-
velopment and application of the methodology are de-
scribed.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Computerized
simulation, 'Drugs, Stochastic processes, Cadmiums,
Humans, Methods, 'Pharmacokinetic models.
PB88-202494/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Effects of Selected Inorganic Leachates on Clay
Permeability. Journal article,
Duke Univ., Durham, NC. Dept. of Civil and Environ-
mental Engineering.
J. J. Peirce, G. Sallfors, T. A. Peel, and K. A. Witter.
C1987, 8p EPA/600/J-87/338
Contract EPA-68-03-3149
Pub. in Jnl. of Geotechnical Engjneering, v113 n8
p915-919 Aug 87. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste En-
gineering Research Lab.
Hydraulic conductivity test results for three field clays
exposed to two inorganic chemicals are documented.
The hydraulic conductivities of clays exposed to waste
chemicals is an important consideration in the selec-
tion of a liner material for a hazardous waste contain-
ment facility. In the research project, the hydraulic con-
ductivities of three field clays; White Store, Hoytville,
and Faceville permeated with ferric chloride (500 mg/l)
and nickel nitrate (50 mg/l & 300,000 mg/l) were de-
termined using both fixed and flexible-wall permea-
meters. The effectiveness of five laboratory tests for
predicting the effect inorganic chemicals may have on
clay particles were also evaluated. Results indicate
that at the concentrations tested, neither ferric chlo-
ride nor nickel nitrate significantly altered the hydraulic
conductivities of the three clay soils. The results from
the predictive tests are seen to be inconclusive. (Copy-
right (c) 1987, ASCE.)
Keywords: 'Leaching, 'Clays, 'Permeability, 'Waste
disposal, Hydraulic conductivity, Hazardous materials.
Clay soils, Linings.
PB88-202502/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Removal of Hepatitis A Virus and Rotavirus by
Drinking Water Treatment. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
V. C. Rao, J. M. Symons, A. Ling, P. Wang, and T. G.
Metcalf. C1988,12p EPA/600/J-88/006
Pub. in Jnl. of American Water Works Association, v80
n2 p59-67 Feb 88. Prepared in cooperation with Baylor
Coll. of Medicine, Houston, TX. Dept. of Virology and
Epidemiology.
The paper presents quantitative data from a two year
study on the removability of rotavirus SA11 and hepati-
tis A virus added exogenously to Lake Houston raw
water during treatment. Processes studied on labora-
tory and pilot scale included coagulation, filtration,
softening and disinfection. Poliovirus type 1 was in-
cluded as a frame of reference for which considerable
data on removal during treatment processes is avail-
able. The results indicated that: (1) Alum and iron were
both efficient coagulants in the removal of rotavirus
and hepatitis A virus, as they were for polioviruses; (2)
Various levels of turbidity and alkalinity had no influ-
ence on the extent of virus removal; (3) Addition of a
nonionic coagulant aid did not improve the perform-
ance of coagulation and as a consequence did not en-
hance virus removal, (4) Rota, hepatitis and poliovir-
uses showed a greater resistance to chlorine at pH 7.5
when suspended in raw water, 15 ntu; (5) Neither rota-
virus nor hepatitis virus could be detected after 10 min
exposure to 0.5 mg/L free residual chlorine at pH 7.5
in finished water in bench scale studies (turbidity 0.12
ntu).
Keywords: 'Viruses, 'Water treatment, Microorga-
nisms, Rotaviruses, Potable water, Lake Houston, Re-
prints, Drinking water, Hepatitis A virus.
PB88-202510/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Identification of Subpart Da Sources and EPA (En-
vironmental Protection Agency) Regional/State
Agency Contacts for the Implementation of Ap-
pendix F: Procedure 1,
Entropy Environmentalists, Inc., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. W. Peeler. Mar 88,21p EPA/600/4-88/015
Contract EPA-68-02-4125
See also PB83-161646. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Appendix F, Procedure 1, 'Quality Assurance Require-
ments for Gaseous Continuous Emission Monitoring
Systems Used for Compliance', of 40 CFR 60 requires
that sources subject to Standards of Performance for
New Stationary Sources, Subpart Da conduct certain
quality assurance activities and submit a Data Assess-
ment Report (DAR) on a quarterly basis to the applica-
ble control agency. The subject project report presents
a list of all electric utility steam generating units that
are believed to be subject to Subpart Da. The list indi-
cates the status of each unit (i.e., currently operating,
under construction, or planned), and also provides
source contact information. In addition, this report
identifies the state agency contacts who are believed
to be responsible for review of the DAR's. A list of EPA
Regional Office contacts is also provided.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Sulfur dioxide, Nitro-
gen oxides, 'Continuous emission monitoring sys-
tems, Procedures.
PB88-202528/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Carcinogenicity of the Chlorinated Acetic Acids.
Published paper,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
A. 8. DeAngelo, and L. P. McMillan. Apr 88,19p EPA/
600/D-88/077
Dichloroacetic Acid (DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid
(TCAA) comprise a major fraction of the reaction prod-
ucts formed when water containing a variety of precur-
sor humic materials is chlorinated. Both DCAA and
TCAA administered in the drinking water increased the
incidence of hepatocellular carcinomas in mice. DCAA
was more potent than TCAA in increasing the tumor in-
cidence and the number of tumors per liver. The acids
appear to act as complete carcinogens since prior initi-
ation with ethylnitrosourea was not required. However,
DCAA and TCAA would not appear to be direct geno-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
toxic carcinogens since they have tested negative in
short term tests. Both acids induce hepatic peroxi-
some proliferation (PP) in mice. The peroxisome proli-
ferates chemicals are postulated to comprise a novel
class of non-mutagenic hepatocarcinogens. PP may
not account fully for the tumorigenic activity of DCAA
and TCAA since the former is a relatively weak peroxi-
some proliferator and a strong carcinogen, while the
latter is a strong peroxisome proliferator and a relative-
ly weak carcinogen.
Keywords: 'Carcinogens, 'Liver neoplasms, "Chlorine
organic compounds, Laboratory animals, 'Acetic acid/
dichloro, "Acetic acid/trichloro, 'Carcinogenesis,
'Toxic substances, Peroxisomes, Hepatoma.
PB88-202734/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
National Air Toxics information Clearinghouse:
NATICH Data Base Users Guide for Data Entry
and Editing, February 1988. Interim rept.,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
S. A. Smith. 3 Feb 88,96p* EPA/450/5-88/001
Contract EPA-68-02-4330
See also PB87-175576, and PB88-197470. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
The report will serve as a guide for State and local
agency personnel entering data into the National Air
Toxics Information Clearinghouse (NATICH) data
base. The NATICH data base is a computerized data
base which contains indexed information on toxic and
potentially toxic air pollutants. The data base has been
established by EPA to support State and local pro-
grams in the control of non-criteria air pollutants.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Users guide, State
government, Local government, "Toxic air pollutants,
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse, Com-
puter applications, NATICH database.
PB88-204003/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1):
Re-Solve, Inc. Site, North Dartmouth, Massachu-
setts (Second Remedial Action), July 1987. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
24 Jul 87, 230p EPA/ROD/R01 -87/023
See also PB85-213627.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The Re-Solve, Inc. site is a former waste chemical rec-
lamation facility situated on six-acres of land in North
Dartmouth, Massachusetts. Bounded by wetlands to
the north and east, the land surrounding the site is pre-
dominantly zoned for single family residential use. All
residences obtain their water from private wells locat-
ed on their property. The Copicut River, located about
500 feet from the site, has been designated for protec-
tion. Between 1956 and 1980, Re-Solve, Inc. handled
a variety of hazardous materials including solvents,
waste oils, organic liquids and solids, acids, alkalies,
inorganic liquids and solids and PCBS. Residues from
the distillation tower, liquid sludge waste, impure sol-
vents and burnt tires were disposed of in four onsite
unlined lagoons. An oil waste that accumulated at the
bottom of the degreaser distillation still was disposed
of on one portion of the site through landfarming. In
1974 the Massachusetts Division of Water Pollution
Control issued Re-Solve, Inc. a license to collect and
dispose of hazardous waste. In December 1980 the
Massachusetts Division of Hazardous Waste agreed to
accept Re-Solve's offer to surrender its disposal li-
cense.
Keywords: "Chemical plants, "Water pollution control,
"Massachusetts, "Hazardous materials, Waste dis-
posal Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amend-
ments of 1972, Land use, Residential buildings, Water
wells, Licenses, Waste recycling, Organic compound,
"Resolve incorporated, "Superfund, Copicut River.
PBB8-204045/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Integration and Central Processing In Tempera-
ture Reaulation. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
cTa^don, and J. E. Heath. c1986, 20p EPA/600/J-
86/445
1068 Vol. 90, No. 24
Pub. in Annual Review of Physiology v48 p595-612
1986. Prepared in cooperation with Illinois Univ.,
Urbana. Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics.
From the foregoing review it is clear that our under-
standing of the neural control of body temperature has
been clarified from research over the past ten years.
Overall, ascending thermal inputs are integrated with
other thermal and nonthermal inputs resulting in effer-
ent signals of appropriate spatial and temporal charac-
teristics necessary for driving effector organs involved
in thermal homeostasis. The control of thermoregula-
tory motor outputs is multifaceted and exhibits propor-
tional, rate-sensitive, and/or on-off regulatory patterns
during thermal stimulation. These complex motor pat-
terns indicate the presence of extensive temporal and
spatial integration of ascending thermal information.
This is supported by the fact that the pattern of effer-
ent nerve activity in various motor systems (e.g. vaso-
motor) is vastly different from recordings of primary
thermoreceptor activity.
Keywords: "Body temperature, "Thermoregulation,
Nervous system, Homeostasis, Central nervous
system, Reprints.
PB88-204052/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Explaining Discrepancies between Longitudinal
and Cross-Sectional Models. Journal article,
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
T. A. Louis, J. Robins, D. W. Dockery, A. Spiro, and J.
H. Ware. c1986,11 p EPA/600/J-86/459
Grant EPA-R-811650
Pub. in Jnl. of Chronic Diseases, v39 n10 p831-839
1986. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Data from longitudinal studies may be analyzed both
cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Discrepancies be-
tween estimates obtained from these analyses pose
questions about the validity of cross-sectional esti-
mates of change. The report, shows that when the true
relation between a dependent variable and age is non-
linear (e.g. quadratic), but is modeled as linear, the es-
timated age effect will be a function of the age distribu-
tion. In a continuous-time idealization, if the age distri-
bution is Gaussian, the estimated age effects agree. If
the age distribution is symmetric and the non-linearity
is quadratic, cross-sectional and longitudinal results
agree. Otherwise they do not. The paper illustrates
these points by analysis of the relation between aging
and pulmonary function in middle and old age using
data from a large, prospective, longitudinal study.
Keywords: "Biometrics, Epidemiology, Biostatistics,
Reprints, Longitudinal models, Cross sectional
models.
PB88-204219/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Acid Aerosols Issue Paper. Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Feb 88, 308p EPA/600/8-88/005A
The report evaluates scientific information on direct
health effects associated with exposure to acid aero-
sols. The present report is not intended as a complete
and detailed review of all literature pertaining to acid
aerosols. Rather, an attempt has been made to focus
on the evaluation of those studies providing key infor-
mation on health effects and aerometrics. The report
includes discussion of: the physical and chemical
properties of acid aerosols; ambient monitoring tech-
niques and ambient concentrations; the toxicology of
acid aerosols in experimental animals, including a dis-
cussion of information on deposition and neutralization
of acid aerosols; assessment of epidemiological stud-
ies of health effects of acid aerosols; assessment of
controlled human exposure studies evaluating the ef-
fects of acid aerosols; and a summarization of the
above information with appropriate interpretations and
conclusions. Lastly, important research needs are
identified which are critical to be addressed in order to
improve the data base for acid aerosols and associat-
ed health effects as a basis for decisions on whether
to list acid aerosols as a criteria pollutant for develop-
ment of criteria and national ambient air quality stand-
ards.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Aerosols, Public health,
Physical properties, Chemical properties, Toxicology,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Neutralizing, "Air pollution
effects(Humans), Health effects. Acid rain, Pollution
monitoring.
PB88-204227/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Ohio Stream Regionallzation Pro|ect: A Compen-
dium of Results,
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
T. R. Whittier, D. P. Larsen, R. M. Hughes, C. M. Rohm
and A. L. Gallant. May 88, 75p EPA/600/3-87/025
Contract EPA-68-03-3124
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab
OR.
Regional patterns in terrestrial characteristics can be
used as a framework to monitor, assess and report the
health of aquatic ecosystems. In Ohio, five ecological
regions were delineated using combinations of spatial
patterns in land-surface form, land use, soil and poten-
tial natural vegetation. The authors evaluated the
framework by studying the water quality, physical habi-
tat, and fish and micro-invertebrate assemblages of
109 minimally impacted representative streams, water
quality and fish assemblages showed clear regional
difference.
Keywords: "Invertebrates, "Ecology, "Stream pollu-
tion, Assessments, Regional planning, Land use,
Vegetation, Sampling, Fishes, Nutrients, Abundance,
Spatial distribution, Watersheds. Tables(Data), Ohio,
"Ecosystems, Habitats.
PB88-204235/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Sampling/Analytical Method Evaluation for Ethyl-
ene Oxide Emission and Control Unit Efficiency
Determinations,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. Steger, W. Gergen, and J. H. Margeson. May 88,
113p EPA/600/4-88/017
Contract EPA-68-02-4119
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Radian Corporation, assisting the Environmental Moni-
toring Systems Laboratory, Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, per-
formed a field evaluation of a method for sampling and
analyzing ethylene oxide (EO) in the vent stream from
a sterilization chamber and a dilute acid scrubber. The
utility of the sampling method for measuring the effi-
ciency of the control unit was also evaluated. The eval-
uated sampling and analysis procedure used semi-
continuous direct sampling with on-line gas chromato-
graphic analysis. Laboratory studies of the sampling
method previous to the field test showed that semi-
continuous direct sampling was capable of measuring
EO emissions to within 11 % of the expected value with
a between-trial precision of 5 percent.
Keywords: "Ethylene oxide, Oxygen heterocyclic com-
pounds,	Chemical	analysts
Concentration(Composition), "Air pollution samplina'
CAS registry no. 75-21 -8.
PB88-204243/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lalb.
Development of Proposed Standard Test Method
for Spray Painting Transfer Efficiency. Volume 1.
Laboratory Development. Final rept. Jan 82-Jan 87
Centec Corp., Reston, VA.	'
K. C. Kennedy. Apr 88,152p EPA/600/2-88/026A
Contract EPA-68-03-1721
See also PB86-174059, and Volume 2, PB88-2042SO
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency Re^
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.	^
The two-volume report gives results of a program to
develop and verify a standardized spray-painting trans-
fer-efficiency test method. Both review of the literature
and laboratory research were conducted. Transfer efft-
ciency measurement methods presently used by in-
dustry were evaluated and compared. The best char-
acteristics of these methods were incorporated into
the final proposed standard method. The resuttino
method was determined to be viable for laboratory
evaluations. It still awaits adaptation and verification
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Standards, "Spray
painting, Measurement, Measuring instruments, Trans-
ferring, Efficiency, Tables(Data), Stationary sources.
PB88-204250/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Development of Proposed Standard Test Method
for Spray Painting Transfer Efficiency. Volume 2.
Verification Program. Final rept. Jan 82-Jan 87,
Centec Corp., Reston, VA.
K. C. Kennedy. Apr 88,187p EPA/600/2-88/026B
Contract EPA-68-03-1952
See also Volume 1, PB88-204243. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The two-volume report gives results of a program to
develop and verify a standardized spray-painting trans-
fer-efficiency test method. Both review of the literature
and laboratory research were conducted. Transfer effi-
ciency measurement methods presently used by in-
dustry were evaluated and compared. The best char-
acteristics of these methods were incorporated into
the final proposed standard method. The resulting
method was determined to be viable for laboratory
evaluations. It still awaits adaptation and verification
for production line applications.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Standards, "Spray
painting, Measurement, Standard deviation, Experi-
mented design, Transferring, Efficiency, Tables(Data).
PB88-204268/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Advanced Utility Simulation Model, Multi-Period
Multi-State Module Design Documentation (Ver-
sion 1.0). Final rept. Oct 82-Nov 84,
Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA. Dept. of Electri-
cal and Computer Engineering.
R. Edahl, N. Tyle, S. N. Talukdar, and N. L. Pachavis.
Apr 88, 29p EPA 600/8-88/071D
See also PB88-204276. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab., and Illinois
Univ. at Urbana-Champaign.
The report is one of 11 in a series describing the initial
development of the Advanced Utility Simulation Model
(AUSM) by the Universities Research Group on Energy
(URGE) and its continued development by the Science
Applications International Corporation (SAIC) research
team. The AUSM is one of four stationary source emis-
sion and control cost forecasting models developed by
EPA for the National Acid Precipitation Assessment
Program (NAPAP). The AUSM projects air pollution
emissions (S02 and NOx), generating technology
types and costs of operation, and combinations of
fuels and emission control technologies to simulta-
neously meet electric demand and emission con-
straints on a least cost basis for each year through
2010. Thirteen electric demand regions are simulated,
and output is provided for each of tne 48 states.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Sulfur dioxide, "Ni-
trogen oxides, Cost analysis, Control simulation, Fore-
casting, Fuels, Mathematical models, Atmospheric
models, 'Stationary sources, Computer application.
PB88-204276/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Advanced Utility Simulation Model, Data Base
Maintenance (Version 1.0). Final rept. Oct 82-Nov
84,
Illinois Univ., Urbana. Coll. of Engineering.
J. J. Stukel. Apr 88, 90p EPA/600/8-88/071 F
See also PB88-204268. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report is one of 11 in a series describing the initial
development of the Advanced Utility Simulation Model
(AUSM) by the Universities Research Group on Energy
(URGE) and its continued development by the Science
Applications International Corporation (SAIC) research
team. The AUSM is one of four stationary eource emis-
sion and control cost forecasting models developed by
EPA for the National Acid Precipitation Assessment
Program (NAPAP). The AUSM projects air pollution
emissions (S02 and NOx), generating technology
types and costs of operation, and combinations of
fuels and emission control technologies to simulta-
neously meet electric demand and emission con-
straints on a least cost basis for each year through
2010. Thirteen electric demand regions are simulated,
and output is provided for each of the 48 states.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Sulfur dioxide, "Ni-
trogen oxides, Cost analysis, Control simulation, Fore-
casting, Fuels, Mathematical models, Atmospheric
models, "Stationary sources, Computer applications.
PB88-204284/HSU	PC A22/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Case Studies Addendum: 1-8. Remedial Response
at Hazardous Waste Sites. Final rept. Dec 84-Sep
85,
Science Applications International Corp., McLean, VA.
C. Furman, S. R. Cochran, R. Dower, and E. Yang. Apr
88, 515p EPA/540/2-88/001
Contract EPA-68-03-3113
See also PB85-121721. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste
Engineering Research Lab.
In response to the threat to human health and the envi-
ronment posed by numerous uncontrolled hazardous
waste sites across the country, new remedial action
technologies are evolving and known technologies are
being retrofitted and adapted for use in cleaning up
these sites. The report identifies and assesses various
types of site response activities which have been im-
plemented, are in progress, or have been proposed to
date at Superfund-financed and enforcement action
hazardous waste sites in the United States. A nation-
wide survey was conducted in which 30 uncontrolled
hazardous waste sites were identified where either
some form of enforcement action was planned or
where remedial actions were Superfund-financed.
Based on an assessment of the 30 sites, eight sites
were selected for which detailed case study investiga-
tions have been conducted. The document presents
case study reports for each of the eight sites. These
reports include extensive discussions of the remedial
responses at each of the eight sites with respect to
technology, cost, and institutional framework.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Regulations, 'Envi-
ronmental surveys, 'Public health, 'Solid waste dis-
posal, Methodology, Management planning, Cost anal-
ysis, 'Hazardous waste sites, 'Liquid waste disposal,
Remedial action technology.
PB88-204730/HSU	PC A05/mI= A01
Long-Rang* Research Agenda for the Period
1988-1992 (Environmental Protection Agency,
Office of Research and Development).
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
Sep 87,86p EPA-600/9-87/022
See also report for 1986-1991, PB85-224988.
The Long-Range Research Agenda is prepared in re-
sponse to the Congressional requirement that the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency submit an annual re-
vision of a comprehensive five-year plan for environ-
mental research, development and demonstration not
later than two weeks after the President submits his
annual budget to the Congress. The annual revision is
required to convey the plans for no growth, moderate
growth, and high growth budget projections and
should include an explanation of the relationship to ex-
isting laws which authorize the environmental re-
search, development, and demonstration. The budget
projections contained in the report assume a 3% in-
crease for the moderate growth scenario and a 6% in-
crease for the high growth scenario. The budget pro-
jections are subject to change associated with new
Agency priorities and the availability of funds.
Keywords: 'Research, Water, Air, Radiation. Hazard-
ous materials, Energy, Pesticides, Budgeting, 'Envi-
ronmental protection agency, Toxic substances.
PB88-204748/HSU	PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Acid Deposition, Environmental Monitoring,
and Quality Assurance.
Research Activity Descriptors FY 88: October
1987-September 1988. Technical rept.,
Lockheed-EMSCO, Las Vegas, NV.
Mar 88,240p EPA/600/9-88/006
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Acid Deposition, Environ-
mental Monitoring, and Quality Assurance.
The document has been prepared to provide scientists
and administrators, both within and outside the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, the most current in-
formation on the research strategy in the Aquatic Ef-
fects Research Program (AERP) and the projects con-
tributing to that strategy. The AERP is a program within
the Acid Deposition and Atmospheric Research Divi-
sion of the Office of Ecological Processes and Effects
Research within the Environmental Protection Agen-
cy's Office of Research and Development. The AERP
also is part of the National Acid Precipitation Assess-
ment Program (NAPAP), a research program com-
prised of seven federal agencies for which the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency is the lead. The materials
contained herein represent a brief description of AERP
research activities funded in FY1987 and FY1988 and
those proposed for funding in FY1989. For information
on currently funded research, the technical contact in-
dicated on each summary should be consulted.
Keywords: 'Research management. 'Ecology, "Water
pollution, Management planning. Strategy, "Aquatic
Effects Research Program(AERP), 'Acid rain, Environ-
mental research.
PB88-205380/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Interim Procedures for Conducting the 'Salntonel-
la'/Microsomal Mutagenicity Assay (Ames Test),
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
L. R. Williams, and J. E. Preston. Mar 83,39p EPA/
600/4-82/068
Prepared in cooperation with National Enforcement In-
vestigations Center, Denver, CO.
The Ames assay is a rapid-screening procedure for de-
termining the presence of mutagenic and carcinogenic
pure chemicals, complex environmental mixtures, and
commercial products. The procedure described incor-
porates modifications designed to make Ames testing
data more precise and reproducible. It is intended as
an interim procedure for use in the Agency's hazard-
ous waste monitoring program. The assay uses five
standard strains of nistidine-requiring Salmonella ty-
phimurium mutants that revert after interaction with
mutagens to histidine-independence (his+). Certain
mutagens are directly active in the system while others
require activation by mammalian enzymes added to
the test system. The enzymes perform metabolic con-
versions mimicking those of mammalian organs in
vivo. Test sensitivity to some mutagens is enhanced by
additional mutations in the test strains and by the plas-
mid pKM101 in two of the strains. Counts of revertant
colonies on test plates are compared to counts of the
same strain on control plates.
Keywords: 'Mutagens, 'Carcinogens, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Bioassay, Tests, Salmonella, In vivo analy-
sis, Enzymes, Sensitivity, Culture media, Counting
methods, Histidine, Separation, Chemicals, "Ames
test.
PB88-20S398/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund: Research, Development, and Demon-
stration Strategy and Program Plan.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Sep 87,30p EPA/600/8-87/050
The research, development, and demonstration
(RD&D) strategy not only describes the Office of Re-
search and Development (ORD) Superfund research
program but other ORD support relevant to the Super-
fund program mission. It is intended to guide the Su-
perfund Office and the Agency in setting research pri-
orities and allocating resources; to aid in coordination
among Federal agencies that conduct Superfund-re-
lated research; and to assist ORD scientists and engi-
neers in understanding the programmatic context of
their work. The Superfund RD&D program is generally
structured to conform with the Agency's risk-assess-
ment and risk-management decision process. This re-
search framework mirrors the procedures used in the
Superfund Program: assessments are conducted at
each site to determine specific health and ecological
risks; then, if needed, options are formulated and eval-
uated to determine what remedial actions can be
taken to reduce the risk to acceptable levels. Risk
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
managers rely on this scientific and technical informa-
tion to make cleanup decisions.
Keywords: 'Research management, Risks, Exposure,
"Superfund program, Health risks.
PB88-205455/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Summary of Emissions Associated with Sources
of Naphthalene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
30 Oct 86, 117p EPA/450/3-88/003
The purpose of the document is to identify and quanti-
fy, on a preliminary basis, all emission sources of
naphthalene. These estimates will be used to estimate
public exposure to naphthalene using EPA's human
exposure model (HEM). Information used to assemble
this document came from existing information sources.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Napthalene, "Envi-
ronmental surveys, Byproducts, Material recovery,
Sources, Coal tar, Crude oil, Coke.
PB88-205794/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
Evaluation of Mathematical Models for the Effects
of pH and Temperature on Ammonia Toxicity to
Aquatic Organisms. Journal article,
College of Saint Scholastics, Duluth, MN. Dept. of
Chemistry.
R. J. Erickson. C1985, 14p EPA/600/J-8S/527
Grants EPA-R-809367, EPA-R-809240
Pub. in Water Resources, v19 nB p1047-1058 Aug 85.
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Duluth,
MN.
Available data on the pH and temperature depend-
ence of ammonia toxicity to aquatic organisms were
examined and their agreement with various models
was evaluated. A model which considers alteration of
the relative concentration of un-ionized ammonia at
the gill surface failed to adequately describe either pH
or temperature dependence. A model that assumes
that un-ionized ammonia and ammonium ion are jointly
toxic was strongly supported by the data on pH de-
pendence, but could not explain observed temperature
dependence. Temperature dependence can be de-
scribed empirically by a simple log-linear model. The
effects of pH and temperature were generally found to
be qualitatively and quantitatively similar among fish
species. (Copyright (c) 1985 Pergamon Press Ltd.)
Keywords: "Ammonia, "Toxicity, "Water pollution,
Marine microorganisms, Mathematical models, Re-
prints.
PB88-208178/HSU	PC A12/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Effect of Fuel Sulfur on Nitrogen Oxide Formation
In Combustion Processes. Final rept. Jan 76-Dec
80,
Arizona Univ., Tucson. Dept. of Chemical Engineering.
J. 0. L. Wendt, T. L. Corley, and J. T, Morcomb. May
88, 251 p EPA/600/7-88/007
Grant EPA-R-803715
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of research that focuses on
the questions: is the sulfur content of a fuel likely to
have a major influence on the resulting NOx emis-
sions; and does the presence of fuel sulfur cause
major changes in mechanisms of fuel NO formation.
Research results will aid in the interpretation of data on
effects of fuel quality and composition on pollutant for-
mation and will help in the development of combustion
modifications for pollutant control from burning dirty
fuels. The most important conclusion is that the pres-
ence of fuel sulfur will increase the ultimate conversion
of fuel nitrogen to NOx under poorly mixed flame con-
ditions that are often typical of combustion modifica-
tions. The influence of sulfur is to increase the total
amount of XN species (NO + NH3 + HCN) under rich
conditions, and this effect is most pronounced at high
temperatures. The mechanisms occur in the post-
flame or at fairly long residence times and probably in-
volve interactions between the hydrocarbon chemis-
try, sulfur, and nitrogenous species.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Combustion products,
"Sulfur, "Nitrogen oxides, Fossil fuels, Combustion.
Flue gases.
PB88-208186/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Protecting Health and Safety at Hazardous Waste
Sites: An Overview.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH
Center for Environmental Research Information.
Sep 85,49p EPA/625/9-85/006
Cleanup operations at inactive hazardous waste sites
are now underway throughout the country. Thousands
of workers are involved in the national effort. Because
of the potential hazards inherent in such operations,
an interagency committee, consisting of the National
Institute for Occupational Health, the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, the Occupational Safety
and Health Administration, and the U.S. Coast Guard,
has developed guidelines for protecting worker health
and safety at inactive hazardous waste sites. The
booklet summarizes those guidelines and presents
key issues to consider in designing, implementing, or
evaluating a health and safety program for work at in-
active hazardous waste sites. Much of the information
is also relevant to planning for response to emergen-
cies involving hazardous substances. The booklet is
geared for nontechnical personnel.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Materials handling,
"Protectors, Protective clothing, Education, 'Hazard-
ous waste sites, "Occupational hazards, "Safety prac-
tices, Guidelines, Cleanup operations, Health hazards,
Safety measures.
PB88-208194/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Air Force Engineering and Services Center, Tyndall
AFB, FL.
Soil-Gas and Geophysical Techniques for Detec-
tion of Subsurface Organic Contamination,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
A. M. Pitchford, A. T. Mazzella, and K. R. Scarbrough.
May 88, 81 p EPA/600/4-88/019
Prepared in cooperation with Lockheed Engineering
and Management Services Co., Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
Sponsored by Air Force Engineering and Services
Center, Tyndall AFB, FL.
From 19S5 through 1987, the Air Force Engineering
and Services Center funded research at the U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency Environmental Monitor-
ing Systems Laboratory in Las Vegas, Nevada through
an interagency agreement. The agreement provided
for investigations of subsurface contamination at Air
Force Installation Restoration Program sites. The pur-
pose of these investigations was to demonstrate and
evaluate inexpensive and relatively rapid reconnais-
sance techniques which can detect and map subsur-
face organic contamination. The information can
reduce the number and improve the placement of
wells required in an investigation. The methods
chosen for demonstrations included active and pas-
sive soil-gas sampling and analysis, and the geophysi-
cal techniques of electromagnetic induction (EM), and
direct current resistivity. Field studies ware performed
at four Air Force Bases. The active soil-gas sampling
technique successfully mapped solvents, gasoline,
and JP-4 contamination at the four bases where it was
used. The passive soil-gas technique was successful
in some cases, but not as successful as the active
technique. The geophysical methods were also suc-
cessful for site characterization.
Keywords: "Military air facilities, "Organic wastes,
"Water pollution detection, "Ground water, Toxic sub-
stances, Water pollution. Water wells, Soil analysis,
Sampling, Water pollution sampling, Gasoline, Organic
solvents, Geophysics, Electromagnetic Induction, Soil
mapping.
PB88-2082S1/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Fate of Water Soluble Azo Dyes In the Activated
Sludge Process,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water EngineeringResearch Lab.
G. M. Shaul, C. R. Dempsey, and K. A. Dostal. May 88,
86p* EPA/600/2-88/030
The objective of the study was to determine the parti-
tioning of water soluble azo dyes in the activated
sludge process. Azo dyes are of concern because
some of the dyes, dye precurors, and/or their degrada-
tion products such as aromatic amines (which are also
dye precurors), have been shown to be, or are sus-
pected to be, carcinogenic. Specific azo dyes were
spiked at 1 and 5 mg/L to pilot-scale treatment sys-
tems with both liquid and sludge samples collected.
Samples were analyzed by high performance liquid
chromatography with ultraviolet-visible detector. Mass
balance calculations were made to determine the per-
centage of the dye compound in the waste activated
sludge and in the activated sludge effluent. Of the 10
dyes studied, 11 compounds were found to pass
through the activated sludge process substantially un-
treated, 4 were significantly adsorbed onto the waste
activated sludge and 3 were apparently biodegraded.
Keywords: 'Azo dyes, "Activated sludge process.
Dyes, Carcinogens, Concentration(Compositiorv),
Waste treatment, "Environmental fate, Environment
effects, Biological industrial waste treatment.
PB88-208319/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangte
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Chemical Mass Balance Receptor Mo
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The manual describes methoda for laboratory toxicity
testing with marine unicellular algae. Principles of
aquatic toxicity testing with algae are summarized.
Methods for maintenance of algal cultures, choice of
test species, estimation of population density, detec-
tion of living and dead cells, expression of toxicant
effect, and bioaccumulation of toxicants are dis-
cussed. Further, terms related to algal toxicity tests,
equipment needed for algal toxicity tests, and methods
for preparation of algal growth medium are defined.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Toxicity, 'Algae,
Manuals, Organic compounds, Liquids, Test methods,
Culture media, Maintenance, Growth, Inhibition, Distil-
lation, Chemical analysis, Metals,
Concentrations(Composition), Exposure, Response,
Bioaccumulation, Heavy metals.
PB88-208723/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Historic Emissions of Volatile Organic Com-
pounds in the United States from 1900 to 1985.
Final rept. Oct 86-Mar 88,
Pechan (E.H.) and Associates, Inc., Durham, NC.
G. Gschwandtner, and J. K. Wagner. May 88,162p
EPA/600/7-88/008A
Contract EPA-68-02-4271
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives an estimate of historic emissions of
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for each state
(and the District of Columbia) of the contiguous U.S.
Annual emissions were estimated on the national level
from 1960 to 1985. For 1940, 1950, and every fifth
year from 1960 to 1985, the national estimates of the
U.S. EPA were used. For the other years, national
emissions were estimated from national activity data
and estimated emission factors for individual source
categories. Major source categories include transpor-
tation, external combustion, industrial processes, solid
waste disposal, and miscellaneous others. State level
emissions were estimated by applying allocation fac-
tors to the national emission estimates. The emissions
from all source categories were aggregated to show
the emission trend by state and Federal region and for
the U.S. Seasonal emissions were estimated for each
year. The uncertainty of the emission estimates was
calculated based on the methodology developed pre-
viously by NAPAP. The data presented In Appendix B
are available in Lotus 123 format on floppy disks.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Environmental surveys. Or-
ganic compounds, Volatility, Allocation models, Esti-
mates, Emission, Tables(Data), State government,
'Volatile organic compounds, 'Stationary sources.
PB88-209044/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1987.
Volume 1. Statewide Summary Report. Annual
rept.,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Dlv. of Water Pollution Control.
J B. Hawes. Apr 88,141p IEPA/WPC/88-016A
See also report for 1986, PB87-222394.
A Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program initiated by the
Illinois EPA in 1981 was continued in 1987. Citizens
were trained to measure Secchi disc transparency,
total depth, and record field observations from a boat
at designated sites on their chosen lake. Volunteers
for 15 lakes collected water samples for analysis of nu-
trients and suspended solids when performing the
Secchi monitoring. Two thirds of the 134 lakes moni-
tored 4 or more sampling periods in 1987 had trans-
parencies less than 4 feet; 28% were less than 2 feet.
Keywords: 'Illinois, 'Lakes, 'Water pollution, Monitor-
ing, Citizen participation, Transparence, Nutrients, Tur-
bidity, Classifications, Suspended sediments, Trophic
level.
PB88-209838/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Lake Erie Conservation Tillage Demonstration
Projects: Evaluating Management of Pesticides,
Fertilizer, Residue to Improve Water Quality.
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
1985,26p
See also PB88-133863 and PB88-209846. Prepared in
cooperation with National Association of Conservation
Districts, Washington, DC., and Purdue Univ., Lafay-
ette, IN.
Introduction to concept of the tri-state demonstration
projects on conservation tillage funded in 31 counties
in Indiana, Michigan and Ohio. The report discusses
1984 programs to reduce phosphorus loadings to the
Lake Erie western basin as an effort to lower tne phos-
phorus loads to meet terms of the Great Lakes Water
Quality Agreement of 1978 and its 1983 supplement.
The report looks at the impact on phosphorus loadings
to Lake Erie, the economic impact given the economic
conditions of 1984, yields for the year and compari-
sons between crops and yields for conventional, no-till
and ridge-till tillage.
Keywords: 'Cultivation, 'Soil conservation, "Water
pollution control, 'Lake Erie, Phosphorus, Runoff, Soil
erosion, Fertilizers, Pesticides, Indiana, Michigan,
Ohio, Organic loading.
PB88-209846/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Lake Erie Conservation Tillage Demonstration
Projects. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
1986,30p
See also PB88-209838. Prepared in cooperation with
National Association of Conservation Districts, Wash-
ington, DC., and Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN.
Conservation tillage, the practice of growing crops in
ways that leave maximum crop residue on the soil sur-
face, may provide an answer to farmers needing to cut
costs without reducing quality of yield and to environ-
mentalists concerned about water quality and pollution
caused in part by intensive cropland farming. Four
years of demonstration projects in 31 counties in Indi-
ana, Michigan and Ohio have helped farmers adapt
less intensive tillage systems to farm businesses.
Projects provided information on the economics of
conservation tillage and its impact on the environment.
Keywords: 'Cultivation, 'Soil conservation, 'Water
pollution control, 'Lake Erie, Farm crops, Residue,
Erosion control, Phosphorus, Runoff, Pesticides, Nu-
tients, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio.
PB88-210380/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Eatimatlng Releases and Waste Treatment Effi-
ciencies for the Toxic Chemical Release Invento-
ry Form. Final rept.,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
R. Gerstle, and D. Perrin. Dec 87,206p EPA/560/4-
88/002
Contract EPA-68-02-4248
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Pesticides and Toxic Sub-
stances.
The document provides an overview of methods for
estimating releases of chemicals into the environment
for facilities subject to reporting requirements of Sec-
tion 313 of the Emergency Planning and Community
Right-to-Know Act of 1986. The methods include use
of monitoring data, mass balance calculations, emis-
sion factors, and engineering judgement. Applicability
of the various methods for particular process oper-
ations and environmental media are discussed, as well
as example release calculations for each method. The
document also discusses various waste treatment
technologies and how to estimate treatment efficiency.
The bibliography includes sources and availability of
EPA air emission factor documents. Appendices in-
clude secondary wastewater treatment efficiencies for
specific chemicals, fugitive emission factors for equip-
ment leaks, storage tank emission equations, and
some chemical/physical property data for the Section
313 listed chemicals.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Air pollution control,
Waste water, Concentration(Composition), Sources,
'Toxic substances, 'Water pollution control, Liquid
wastes, Solid wastes.
PB88-210422/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Chlorinated Paraffins: A Report on the Findings
from Two Field Studies, Sugar Creek, Ohio, Tin-
kers Creek, Ohio. Volume 1. Technical Report.
Final rept. 1986-87,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
T. Murray, M. Frankenberry, D. H. Steele, and R. G.
Heath. Feb 88,150p EPA/560/5-87/012
Contracts EPA-68-02-4252, EPA-68-02-4243
See also Volume 2, PB88-210430. Prepared in coop-
eration with Battelle Columbus Labs., Washington, DC.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Toxic Substances.
The report presents the results of two field studies
conducted in 1986 by the Environmental Protection
Agency's Office of Toxic Substances (EPA/OTS)
under the existing chemicals program to screen select-
ed waterbodies for the presence of chlorinated paraf-
fins. Chlorinated paraffins are saturated straight-chain
hydrocarbons ranging from 10 to 30 carbons in length
and contining 20 to 70 percent chlorine by weight. The
information gained from these field studies will be cou-
pled with that from other environmental hazard and en-
vironmental exposure studies and collectively contrib-
ute to an EPA risk assessment for this chemical. The
report also develops an analytical method for chlorin-
ated paraffins in different environmental matrices and
includes a rigorous statistical analysis of the data used
to validate the method.
Keywords: 'Chlorinated hydrocarbons, 'Paraffins,
'Water pollution sampling, Sampling, Hydrocarbons,
Water pollution, Toxic substances, Risk, Environmen-
tal monitoring, Environmental models, Statistical anal-
ysis, 'Chlorinated paraffin.
PB88-210430/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Chlorinated Paraffins: A Report on the Findings
from Two Field Studies, Sugar Creek, Ohio, Tin-
kers Creek, Ohio. Volume 2. Appendix D, The
Quality Assurance Project Plan. Final rept. 1986-87,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
T. Murray, M. Frankenberry, D. H. Steele, and R. G.
Heath. Feb 88,130p EPA/560/5-87/012
Contract EPA-68-02-4252, EPA-68-02-4243
See also Volume 1, PB88-210422. Prepared in coop-
eration with Battelle Columbus Labs., Washington, DC.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Toxic Substances.
The report presents the results of two field studies
conducted in 1986 by the Environmental Protection
Agency's Office of Toxic Substances (EPA/OTS)
under the existing chemicals program to screen select-
ed waterbodies for the presence of chlorinated paraf-
fins. Chlorinated paraffins are saturated straight-chain
hydrocarbons ranging from 10 to 30 carbons in length
and containing 20 to 70 percent chlorine by weight.
The information gained from these field studies will be
coupled with that from other environmental hazard and
environmental exposure studies and collectively con-
tribute to an EPA risk assessment for this chemical.
The report also develops an analytical method for
chlorinated paraffins in different environmental matri-
ces and includes a rigorous statistical analysis of the
data used to validate tne method.
Keywords: 'Chlorinated hydrocarbons, "Paraffins,
"Water pollution sampling, Hydrocarbons, Water pollu-
tion, Toxic substances, Risk, Environmental monitor-
ing, Environmental models, Statistical analysis, 'Chlor-
inated paraffin.
PB88-210596/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Risk Assessment, Management, Communication:
A Guide to Selected Sources. Volume 2, Number
1. Information guide.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Information Resources Management.
Mar 88,66p* EPA/IMSD-88/002A
See also report for 1987, PB87-185500.
The report is the fifth update to the March 1987 publi-
cation entitled Risk Assessment, Management, Com-
munication: A Guide to Selected Sources. The risk
update series is divided into three major sections: As-
sessment, Management and Communications. The
issue includes citations published between September
1987 and March 1988. The quarterly updates to the
original guide constitute volume 1 of the series.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Risk, Information, Toxicology, State gov-
ernment, Local government, Public health, Ecology,
Assessment, Communication, Management, "Toxic
substances, Health hazards, Risk assessment.
PB88-211164/HSU	PC E99
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Florida Hazardous Waste and Sanitary Landfill
Report, County Data. Generator Data and Charac-
teristics of Sanitary Landfills.
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Biomedi-
cal and Toxicological Research and Hazardous Waste
Management.
May 88, 8054p-in 11v
Set includes PB88-211172 through PB88-211271.
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
No abstract available.
PB88-211172/HSU	PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Veqas,
NV.
Florida Hazardous Waste and Sanitary Landfill
Report, County Data. Generator Data and Charac-
teristics of Sanitary Landfills. Part 1. Counties:
Alachua, Baker, Bay, Bradford, Brevard,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Biomedi-
cal and Toxicological Research and Hazardous Waste
Management.
R. C. Herndon, and J. E. Moerlins. May 88,497p EPA/
600/4-88/008A
GrantEPA-R-813151
See also Part 2, PB88-211180. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99, PB88-
211164.
The report provides data on the use of sanitary landfills
(Subtitle D facilities) for hazardous waste disposal in
Florida by small quantity generators. It consists of
eleven parts including a part called Study Area Data
which contains the data aggregated across the coun-
ties covered in the report, and ten parts containing
data at the individual county level for all 67 counties in
Florida. Each county is described in terms of location,
economic profile, and demographic characteristics. In
addition, information is provided on permitted sanitary
landfills that are currently active in Florida. The report
contains survey data from approximately 19,000 haz-
ardous waste generators that reside in 514 industries
identified by four-digit Standard Industrial Classifica-
tions codes. The hazardous waste data are cross-tab-
ulated and displayed in seven configurations.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste dispos-
al, "Earth fills, "Florida, Tables(Data), Surveys, Classi-
fication, Counties, Industries, Management, Sites,
"Sanitary landfills, "Hazardous wastes, Land disposal,
SIC codes, Waste management.
PB88-211180/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
Florida Hazardous Waste and Sanitary Landfill
Report, County Data. Generator Data and Charac-
teristics of Sanitary Landfills. Part 2. Counties:
Broward, Calhoun, Charlotte, Citrus, Clay, Collier,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Biomedi-
cal and Toxicological Research and Hazardous Waste
Management.
R, C. Herndon, and J. E. Moerlins. May 88,667p EPA/
600/4-88/008B
GrantEPA-R-813151
See also Part 1, PB88-211172 and Part 3, PB88-
211198. Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Sys-
tems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99, PB88-
211164.
The report provides data on the use of sanitary landfills
(Subtitle D facilities) for hazardous waste disposal in
Florida by small quantity generators. It consists of
eleven parts including a part called Study Area Data
which contains the data aggregated across the coun-
ties covered in the report, and ten parts containing
data at the individual county level for all 67 counties in
Florida Each county is described in terms of location,
economic profile, and demographic characteristics In
addition, information is provided on permitted sanitary
landfills that are currently active in Florida. The report
contains survey data from approximately 19,000 haz-
ardous waste generators that reside in 514 industries
identified by four-digit Standard Industrial Classifica-
tions codes. The hazardous waste data are cross-tab-
ulated and displayed in the following seven configura-
tions: types of waste generated (26 types); manage-
ment methods used (14 methods); types of wastes dis-
posed in sanitary landfills; SIC generating waste; types
of waste generated by SIC; management methods
used by SIC; and waste types by SIC by management
method. The last cross-tabulation consists of 14 sub
cross-tabulations, i.e., one for each management
method. There are identical sets of crosscounty data
(i.e., each county has a set of 7 cross-tabulated
tables.)
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Solid waste dispos-
al, "Earth fills, "Florida. Tables(Data), Surveys, Classi-
fication, Counties, Industries, Management, Sites, In-
dustrial wastes, Solvents, "Sanitary landfills, "Hazard-
ous wastes, Land disposal, SIC codes, Waste man-
agement.
PB88-211198/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Florida Hazardous Waste and Sanitary Landfill
Report, County Data. Generator Data and Charac-
teristics of Sanitary Landfills. Part 3. Counties:
Columbia, Dade, De Soto, Dixie, Duval,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Biomedi-
cal and Toxicological Research and Hazardous Waste
Management.
R. C. Herndon, and J. E. Moerlins. May 88, 773p EPA/
600/4-88/008C
GrantEPA-R-813151
See also Part 2, PB88-211180 and Part 4, PB88-
211206. Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Sys-
tems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99, PB88-
211164.
The report provides data on the use of sanitary landfills
(Subtitle D facilities) for hazardous waste disposal in
Florida by small quantity generators. It consists of
eleven parts including a part called Study Area Data
which contains the data aggregated across the coun-
ties covered in the report, and ten parts containing
data at the individual county level for all 67 counties in
Florida. Each county is described in terms of location,
economic profile, and demographic characteristics. In
addition, information is provided on permitted sanitary
landfills that are currently active in Florida. The report
contains survey data from approximately 19,000 haz-
ardous waste generators that reside in 514 industries
identified by four-digit Standard Industrial Classifica-
tions codes. The hazardous waste data are cross-tab-
ulated and displayed in seven configurations.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Solid waste dispos-
al, "Earth fills, "Florida, Tables(Data), Surveys, Classi-
fication, Counties, Industries, Management, Sites, Lu-
bricants, Paints, Solvents, Industrial wastes, "Sanitary
landfills, "Hazardous wastes, Land disposal, SIC
codes, Waste management.
PB88-211206/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Florida Hazardous Waste and Sanitary Landfill
Report, County Data. Generator Data and Charac-
teristics of Sanitary Landfills. Part 4. Counties: Es-
cambia, Flagler, Franklin, Gadsden, Gilchrist,
Glades, Gulf, Hamilton, Hardee, Hendry, Her-
nando, Highlands,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Biomedi-
cal and Toxicological Research and Hazardous Waste
Management.
R. C. Herndon, and J. E. Moerlins. May 88,622p EPA/
600/4-88/008D
GrantEPA-R-813151
See also Part 3, PB88-211198 and Part 5, PB88-
211214. Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Sys-
tems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99, PB88-
211164.
The report provides data on the use of sanitary landfills
(Subtitle D facilities) for hazardous waste disposal in
Florida by small quantity generators. It consists of
eleven parts including a part called Study Area Data
which contains the data aggregated across the coun-
ties covered in the report, and ten parts containing
data at the individual county level for all 67 counties in
Florida. Each county is described in terms of location.
economic profile, and demographic characteristics. In
addition, information is provided on permitted sanitary
landfills that are currently active in Florida. The report
contains survey data from approximately 19,000 haz-
ardous waste generators that reside in 514 industries
identified by four-digit Standard Industrial Classifica-
tions codes. The hazardous waste data are cross-tab-
ulated and displayed in seven configurations.
Keywords: "Hazardous wastes, "Solid waste disposal
"Earth fills, "Florida, Tables(Data), Surveys, Classifica-
tion, Counties, Industries, Management, Sites, Lubri-
cants, Paints, Solvents, Industrial wastes, "Sanitary
landfills, "Hazardous wastes, Land disposal, SIC
codes, Waste management.
PB88-211214/HSU	PC A22/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Florida Hazardous Waste and Sanitary Landfill
Report, County Data. Generator Data and Charac-
teristics of Sanitary Landfills. Part 5. Counties;
Hillsborough, Holmes, Indian River, Jackson, Jef-
ferson, Lafayette,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Biomedi-
cal and Toxicological Research and Hazardous Waste
Management.
R. C. Herndon, and J. E. Moerlins. May 88, 505p EPA/
600/4-88/008E
GrantEPA-R-813151
See also Part 4, PB88-211206 and Part 6, PB88-
211222. Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Sys-
tems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99, PB88-
211164.
The report provides data on the use of sanitary landfills
(Subtitle D facilities) for hazardous waste disposal in
Florida by small quantity generators. It consists of
eleven parts including a part called Study Area Data
which contains the data aggregated across the coun-
ties covered in the report, and ten parts containing
data at the individual county level for all 67 counties In
Florida. Each county is described in terms of location,
economic profile, and demographic characteristics. In
addition, information is provided on permitted sanitary
landfills that are currently active in Florida. The report
contains survey data from approximately 19,000 haz-
ardous waste generators that reside in 514 industries
identified by four-digit Standard Industrial Classifica-
tions codes. The hazardous waste data are cross-tab-
ulated and displayed in seven configurations.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Solid waste dispos-
al, "Earth fills, "Florida, Tables(Data), Surveys, Classi-
fication, Counties, Industries, Management, Sites
"Sanitary landfills, "Hazardous wastes, Land disposal'
SIC codes, Waste management.
PB88-211222/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Veg&e,
Florida Hazardous Waste and Sanitary Landfm
Report, County Data. Generator Data and Charac-
teristics of Sanitary Landfills. Part 6. Counties:
Lake, Lee, Leon, Levy, Liberty, Madison, ManatM,
Marlon,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Biomedi-
cal and Toxicological Research and Hazardous Waste
Management.
R. C. Herndon, and J. E. Moerlins. May 88,702p EPA/
600/4-88/008F
Grant EPA-R-813151
See also Part 5, PB38-211214 and Part 7, PB88-
211230. Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Sys-
tems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99, PBBfi-
211164.
The report provides data on the use of sanitary landfills
(Subtitle D facilities) for hazardous waste disposal in
Florida by small quantity generators. It consists of
eleven parts including a part called Study Area Data
which contains the data aggregated across the coun-
ties covered in the report, and ten parts containina
data at the individual county level for ail 67 counties in
Florida. Each county is described in terms of location,
economic profile, and demographic characteristics In
addition, information is provided on permitted sartttarv
landfills that are currently active in Florida. The report
contains survey data from approximately 19,000 haz
ardous waste generators that reside in 514 industries
identified by four-digit Standard Industrial Classifies!
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tions codes. The hazardous waste data are cross-tab-
ulated and displayed in seven configurations.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Solid waste dispos-
al, "Earth fills, "Florida, Tables(Data), Surveys, Classi-
fication, Counties, Industries. Management, Sites,
"Sanitary landfills, "Hazardous wastes, Land disposal,
SIC codes, Waste management.
PB8S-211230/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Florida Hazardous Waste and Sanitary Landfill
Report, County Data. Generator Data and Charac-
teristics of Sanitary Landfills. Part 7. Counties:
Martin, Monroe, Nassau, Okaloosa, Okeechobee,
Orange,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Biomedi-
cal and Toxicological Research and Hazardous Waste
Management.
R. C. Herndon, and J. E. Moerlins. May 88,647p EPA/
600/4-88/008G
Grant EPA-R-813151
See also Part 6, PB88-211222 and Part 8, PB88-
211248. Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Sys-
tems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Also available in set of t1 reports PC E99, PB88-
211164.
The report provides data on the use of sanitary landfills
(Subtitle D facilities) for hazardous waste disposal in
Florida by small quantity generators. It consists of
eleven parts including a part called Study Area Data
which contains the data aggregated across the coun-
ties covered in the report, and ten parts containing
data at the individual county level for all 67 counties in
Florida. Each county is described in terms of location,
economic profile, and demographic characteristics. In
addition, information is provided on permitted sanitary
landfills that are currently active in Florida. The report
contains survey data from approximately 19,000 haz-
ardous waste generators that reside in 514 industries
identified by four-digit Standard Industrial Classifica-
tions codes.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Waste disposal,
'Industrial wastes, "Florida, Surveys, Counties, De-
mography, Licenses, Sites, Identifying, Management,
Oils, Lubricants, Solvents, Battery electrolytes,
Sludge, Paints, Pesticides, Tables(Data), "Sanitary
landfills. Heavy metals, Standard Industrial Classifica-
tions.
PB88-211248/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Florida Hazardous Waste and Sanitary Landfill
Report, County Data. Generator Data and Charac-
teristics of Sanitary Landfills. Part 8. Counties:
Osceola, Palm Beach, Pasco, Pinellas,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Biomedi-
cal and Toxicological Research and Hazardous Waste
Mimagement.
R. C. Herndon, and J. E. Moerlins. May 88,756p EPA/
600/4-88/008H
Grant EPA-R-813151
See also Part 7, PB88-211230 and Part 9, PB88-
211255. Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Sys-
tems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99, PB88-
211164.
The report provides data on the use of sanitary landfills
(Subtitle D facilities) for hazardous waste disposal in
Florida by small quantity generators. It consists of
eleven parts including a part called Study Area Data
which contains the data aggregated across the coun-
ties covered in the report, and ten parts containing
data at the individual county level for all 67 counties in
Florida. Each county is described in terms of location,
economic profile, and demographic characteristics. In
addition, information is provided on permitted sanitary
landfills that are currently active In Florida. The report
contains survey data from approximately 19,000 haz-
ardous waste generators that reside in 614 industries
identified by four-digit Standard Industrial Classifica-
tions codes.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Waste disposal,
•Industrial wastes, "Florida, Surveys, Counties, De-
mography. Licenses, Sites, Identifying, Management,
Oils/ Lubricants, Solvents, Battery electrolytes,
Sludge, Paints, Pesticides, Tables(Data), "Sanitary
landfills, Heavy metals, Standard Industrial Classifica-
tions.
PB88-211255/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Florida Hazardous Waste and Sanitary Landfill
Report, County Data. Generator Data and Charac-
teristics of Sanitary Landfills. Part 9. Counties:
Polk, Putnam, St. Johns, St. Lucie, Santa Rosa,
Sarasota, Seminole,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Biomedi-
cal and Toxicological Research and Hazardous Waste
Management.
R. C. Herndon, and J. E. Moerlins. May 88,845p EPA/
600/4-88/008I
Grant EPA-R-813151
See also Part 8, PB88-211248 and Part 10, PB88-
211263. Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Sys-
tems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99, PB88-
2)1164.
The report provides data on the use of sanitary landfills
(Subtitle D facilities) for hazardous waste disposal in
Florida by small quantity generators. It consists of
eleven parts including a part called Study Area Data
which contains the data aggregated across the coun-
ties covered in the report, and ten parts containing
data at the individual county level for all 67 counties in
Florida. Each county is described in terms of location,
economic profile, and demographic characteristics. In
addition, information is provided on permitted sanitary
landfills that are currently active in Florida. The report
contains survey data from approximately 19,000 haz-
ardous waste generators that reside in 514 industries
identified by four-digit Standard Industrial Classifica-
tions codes.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Waste disposal,
"Industrial wastes, "Florida, Surveys, Counties, De-
mography, Licenses, Sites, Identifying, Management,
Oils, Lubricants, Solvents, Battery electrolytes,
Sludge, Paints, Pesticides, Tables(Data), "Sanitary
landfills, Heavy metals, Standard Industrial Classifica-
tions.
PB88-211263/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas.
NV.
Florida Hazardous Waste and Sanitary Landfill
Report, County Data. Generator Data and Charac-
teristics of Sanitary Landfills. Part 10. Counties:
Sumter, Suwanee, Taylor, Union, Volusia, Wakulla,
Walton, Washington,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Biomedi-
cal and Toxicological Research and Hazardous Waste
Management.
R. C. Herndon, and J. E. Moerlins. May 88,420p EPA/
600/4-88/008J
Grant Et^A-R-813151
See also Part 9, PB88-211255, and Part 11, PB88-
211271. Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Sys-
tems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99, PB88-
211164.
The report provides data on the use of sanitary landfills
(Subtitle D facilities) for hazardous waste disposal in
Florida by small quantity generators. It consists of
eleven parts including a part called Study Area Data
which contains the data aggregated across the coun-
ties covered in the report, and ten parts containing
data at the individual county level for all 67 counties in
Florida. Each county is described in terms of location,
economic profile, and demographic characteristics. In
addition, information is provided on permitted sanitary
landfills that are currently active in Florida. The report
contains survey data from approximately 19,000 haz-
ardous wastes generators that reside in 514 industries
identified by four-digit Standard Industrial Classifica-
tion codes.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Waste disposal,
"Industrial wastes, "Florida, Surveys, Counties, De-
mography, Licenses, Sites, Identifying, Management,
Oils, Lubricants, Solvents, Battery electrolytes,
Sludge, Paints, Pesticides, Tables(Diata), "Sanitary
landfills, Heavy metals, Standard Industrial Classifica-
tions.
PB88-211271/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Florida Hazardous Waste and Sanitary Landfill
Report, Study Area Data. Generator Data and
Characteristics of Sanitary Landfills. Part 11,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Biomedi-
cal and Toxicological Research and Hazardous Waste
Management.
R. C. Herndon, and J. E. Moerlins. May 88,1620p
EPA/600/4-88/008/K
Grant EPA-R-813151
See also Part 10, PB88-211263. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99, PB88-
211164.
The report provides data on the use of sanitary landfills
(Subtitle D facilities) for hazardous waste disposal in
Florida by small quantity generators. It consists of
eleven parts including a part called Study Area Data
which contains the data aggregated across the coun-
ties covered in the report, and ten parts containing
data at the individual county level for all 67 counties in
Florida. Each county is described in terms of location,
economic profile, and demographic characteristics. In
addition, information is provided on permitted sanitary
landfills that are currently active in Florida. The report
contains survey data from approximately 19,000 haz-
ardous waste generators that reside in 514 industries
identified by four-digit Standard Industrial Classifica-
tions codes.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Waste disposal,
"Industrial wastes, "Florida, Surveys, Counties, De-
mography, Licenses, Sites, Identifying, Management,
Oils, Lubricants, Solvents, Battery electrolytes,
Sludge, Paints, Pesticides, Tables(Data), "Sanilary
landfills, Heavy metals, Standard Industrial Classifica-
tions.
PB88-211677/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency. Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Sorption Isotherms for Selected
Azo Dyes as Predictors of Fate in an Activated
Sludge Wastewater Treatment Process,
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Dept. of Civil and Environmental
Engineering.
R. J. Lieberman, G. M. Shaul, C. R. Dempsey, and K. A.
Dostal. May 88, 6p* EPA/600/D-88/085
Contract EPA-68-03-4038
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Azo dyes are of concern because of their widespread
production and use and their potential adverse envi-
ronmental and health impacts. Environmental expo-
sure is normally via aqueous effluents of manufactur-
ing and use industries, and treatment is at municipal
wastewater treatment plants by activated sludge proc-
ess. The report evaluates an inexpensive and timely
protocol for predicting the fate of the dyes.
Keywords: "Azo dyes, "Activated sludge process,
Sewage treatment, Chemical removal(Waste treat-
ment), Sorption, "Water pollution detection, "Environ-
mental fate.
PB88-211685/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evaluating Sources of Indoor Air Pollution,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
B. A. Tichenor, L. E. Sparks, J. B. White, and M. D.
Jackson. May 88,17p* EPA/600/D-88/086
The paper discusses a three-phase approach, employ-
ing environmental chambers, indoor air quality (IAQ)
models, and test house experiments, that is effective
in linking sources of indoor pollutants to measured
concentrations. Emission factors developed in test
chambers can be used to evaluate full-scale indoor en-
vironments. A PC-based IAQ model has been devel-
oped that can accurately predict indoor concentrations
of specific pollutants under controlled conditions in a
test house. The model is also useful in examining the
effect of pollutant sinks and variations in ventilation pa-
rameters. Pollutants were examined from: (1) para-
dichloro-benzene emissions from moth crystal cakes:
and, (2) particulate emissions from unvented kerosene
heaters. However, the approach has not been validat-
ed for other source types, including solvent based ma-
terials and aerosol products.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Air pollution detection, "Test chambers,
"Mathematical models, Contaminants, Measurement,
Chlorobenzenes, Insecticides, Kerosene, Particles,
* Indoor air pollution, Air quality, Stationary sources.
PB88-211693/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Alternative Drinking Water Treatment Technology
Applications from Superfund Sites: Development
ot a National Register,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
J. A. Goodrich, R. M. Clark, H. Von Huben, and S.
Bianchin. May 88,14p EPA/600/D-88/087
The paper describes a 'prototype' program initiated by
U.S. EPA's Drinking Water Research Division (Cincin-
nati, Ohio), Region V Drinking Water Program (Chica-
go, Illinois), and Technology Evaluation Section
(Edison, New Jersey) to inventory the types of drinking
water related technology being applied at Superfund
sites. Data from local utilities and State-funded sites
were also included, accounting for nearly half the data
collected at this time. Ground water as well as surface
water sites were inventoried. Future monitoring and re-
search could focus on organic contaminants subject to
variable influent and on other toxic wastes.
Keywords: 'Water pollution sampling, 'Groundwater,
'Drinking water, Surface water, Water pollution, Toxic
substances, Organic wastes, Hazardous materials,
'Superfund program.
PB88-21T701/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Ambient Air Sampling with Portable Gas Chroma-
tographs,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
R. E. Berkley. May 88,14p EPA/600/D-88/088
A Photovac 10S50 portable photoionization gas chro-
matograph mounted in a small automobile was used to
sample air for organic vapors in Richmond and Hope-
well, Virginia and in Staten Island, NY. A methylphenyl-
silicone column of 1.5 micrometer phase thickness
was used with no backflush, and a 10 part per billion
mixture of tetrachloroethylene in nitrogen was used as
field recalibration standard. Calibrant contamination of
the unit was minimal, and background levels of com-
pounds for which the unit was calibrated below 0.5 part
per billion could be observed. These compounds were
chlorobenzene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, and
bromobenzene. Large releases of benzene, toluene,
and several compounds for which the unit had not
been calibrated were observed.
Keywords: 'Chromatographic analysis, Contaminants,
Gas chromatography, Portable equipment, "Air pollu-
tion sampling.
PB88-211719/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, QA.
Predicting Chemical Parameters with Prolog,
Georgia Univ., Athens.
S. W. Karickhoff, L. A. Carreira, A. N. Vellino, D. E.
Nute, and V. K. McDaniel. May 88,18p* EPA/600/D-
88/089
Grant EPA-R-812806
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Athens,
GA.
Work is described that seeks to develop novel meth-
ods for the computer estimation of fundamental reac-
tivity parameters strictly from molecular structure. Al-
though the prototype system SPARC (Sparc Performs
Automated Reasoning in Chemistry) deals only with
the prediction of sunlight absorption spectra, the tech-
niques escribed can be extended to other reactivity pa-
rameters such as hydrolysis rate constants.
Keywords: 'Molecular structure, 'Chemical reactivity,
'SPARC program, Sparc Performs Automated Rea-
soning in Chemistry, Computer applications.
PB86-211727/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Measurements of Binding Site Concentrations in
Humic Substances,
Georgia Inst of Tech., Atlanta. School of Geophysical
Sciences
E. M. Perdue. May 88,25p EPA/600/D-88/090
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Athens,
GA.
The use of thermodynamic models to calculate the ef-
fects of humic substances on metal speciation re-
quires that the complexation capacity (CC) of the
humic substance be determined. If the CC of a humic
substance is viewed as a compositional rather than a
thermodynamic property, then the conventional ap-
proaches toward experimental measurements and cal-
culations of complexation capacities need to be reex-
amined. It is proposed here that the CC of a humic sub-
stance is approximately equivalent to its total ex-
changeable acidity and that the extent to which this CC
can be realized in experimental measurements is
strongly a function of pH, ionic strength, nature of the
metal being complexed, and the concentration of
humic substances used in the measurements.
Keywords: "Humic acids, 'Metal complexes, Complex
compounds, Ligands, 'Metal ions.
PB88-211735/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Respiratory Tract Dosimetry Modeling of Air
Toxics,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. H. Overton. May 88,16p EPA/600/D-88/091
Pub. in proceedings of U.S.-Dutch Expert workshop on
Air Toxics held in the Netherlands in May 1988.
The development of a PBPK for the whole body in
which inhalation, exhalation, and metabolism in RT tis-
sues can be simulated was described. As an example
of the model's use, the results of several experiments
in which rats and humans were exposed to styrene
were simulated. The predicted results agreed with the
empirical data. The present model results were also in
agreement with the results ot the model of Ramsey
and Anderson (1984) which, unlike the present model,
does not simulate inhalation and exhalation or explicit-
ly model the URT and TB region. In addition to describ-
ing the development and simulation results of a PBPK
model, a procedure was illustrated that used such
models in combination with laboratory animal data to
predict dose in humans.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Respiratory system, Dosim-
etry, "Inhalation, 'Toxic substances, Pharmakinetics
models, Health effects.
PB88-211743/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Performance of Certified Woodstoves under Field
Conditions. Rept. for Aug 85-Sep 87,
CONEG Policy Research Center, Inc., Washington,
DC
P. G. Burnet, R. C. McCrillis, and S. J. Morgan. May 88,
13p EPA/600/0-88/092
Grant EPA-R-812979
Prepared in cooperation with OMNI Environmental
Services, Inc., Beaverton, OR., and Technical Devel-
opment Corp., Boston, MA. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses the monitoring of woodstove per-
formance under field conditions in 34 Northeast U.S.
houses for two heating seasons, and in 8 Northwest
U.S. and 14 Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada, houses for
one heating season. Stoves included models certified
or capable of being certified to Oregon Department of
Environmental Quality and U.S. EPA standards. Objec-
tives of the studies were to evaluate the performance
of advanced technology stoves (catalytic, noncatalytic
low emission, and catalytic add-on/retrofit devices)
relative to conventional technology stoves. Stoves
were monitored for particulate emissions, wood use,
and creosote accumulation in flue systems. The new
technology stoves models showed the potential to
reduce particulate emissions, fuel use, and creosote
accumulation. Good performance in at least one instal-
lation for most of the stove models indicates that fac-
tors such as stove maintenance and fuelling practices,
as well as technology factors, are important in reduc-
ing emissions. Reducing firebox size appears to be a
consistent factor in reducing emissions.
Keywords: "Stoves, "Wood, 'Heating equipment, 'Air
pollution monitoring, Catalytic chamber process, Heat-
ers, Air pollution, Air pollution standards, Retrofitting.
Emission factors, Particulates, Creosote, Flues, Refu-
eling, Combustion chambers, Fuel consumption,
Canada, 'Woodstoves.
PB88-211750/HSU	PC A03/MF AOI
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Initial Test Results of the Limestone Injection Mul-
tistage Burner (LIMB) Demonstration Project.
Rept. for Sep 84-Apr 88,
Babcock and Wilcox Co., Barberton, OH.
P. S. Nolan, and R. V. Hendriks. May 88,16p EPA/
600/D-88/093
Contract EPA-68-02-4000
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper discusses S02 removal efficiency and low-
NOx burner performance obtained during short term
tests, as well as the impact of LIMB ash on electrostat-
ic precipitator (ESP) performance at Ohio Edison's
Edgewater Station. Project goals are to demonstrate
50% or more S02 removal at a Ca/S molar stoichiom-
etry of 2.0 and NOx emissions of less than 0.5 lb/mil-
lion Btu while maintaining boiler operability and reliabil-
ity. The tests, conducted before September 1987, indi-
cated that 55-60% S02 removal and NOx emissions
on the order of 0.48 lb/million Btu are achievable. The
increased dust loading of a high resistivity ash typically
limited continuous operation to 2-6 hr. The paper dis-
cusses how the LIMB ash gave rise to back corona
which, in turn, increased stack opacity to regulated
levels. The extension of the project to include humidifi-
cation of the flue gas is also described as a way to min-
imize these effects.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Burners, "Desulfuri-
zation, "Sulfur dioxide, "Coal, Limestone, Electrostatic
precipitation, Nitrogen oxides, Flue gases, Flue dust,
Fly ash, Test facilities, Combustion, Boilers, Injectors,
LIMB project.
PB88-211768/HSU	PC A03/MF M1
Great Ohio River Oil Spill of 1988: A Case Study,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. M. Clark, A. H. Vicory, and J. A. Goodrich. May 88,
19p EPA/600/D-88/094
Prepared in cooperation with Ohio River Valley Water
Sanitation Commission, Cincinnati.
A recent massive spill of diesel oil on the Mononga-
hela River provided a very real example of the vulner-
ability of drinking water utilities to upstream industrial
spills and discharges. Nearly eight hundred thousand
gallons of diesel fuel entered the Monongahela River,
25 miles upstream from Pittsburgh and eventually af-
fected the water supply of 3 1 /2 million people on the
Ohio River. Fortunately the institutions for dissemina-
tion of information and for monitoring the spill were ef-
fective and very few hardships occurred. However, the
spill did reinforce the need for better techniques for
predicting spill movement and concentrations on the
Ohio.
Keywords: "Drinking water, "Rivers, *Oil spills, 'Water
pollution, Ohio River, Water pollution effects, Water
pollution contingency plans, Prediction analysis tech-
niques, Diesel fuels, 'Monongahela River.
PB88-211776/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Fertilization by Sperm Microinjection and Zona-
Drilllng: Methods,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. D. Perreault. May 88,30p* EPA/600/D-88/095
See also PB88-211784.
Successful microinjection of sperm or sperm nuclei
into oocytes depends upon many factors. For exam-
ple, injection needles must be large enough to pick up
a sperm (nucleus) yet not so large as to kill the oocyte
The suction/pressure system should be very precisely
controlled so as to minimize injection of excess fluid
into the oocyte. As is true of other micromanipulation
procedures, the microscope should provide a wide
range of magnifications, long working distance, and a
fixed stage; and, chambers must allow for easy addi-
tion/removal of oocytes with minimal disturbance of
micropipet position. With all of these components op-
erating together, the time required to inject amadi
groups (or single) oocytes can be minimized thus
avoiding, as much as possible, excessive oocyte agina
and the deleterious effects of adverse environmental
conditions outside of the incubator.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Reproduction(Biology), 'Fertility, 'Sperm
microinjection, 'Zona drilling method, Sperm, Eggs.
PB88-211784/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Fertilization by Sperm Microinjection and Zona
Drilling: Applications in the Basic and Clinical Sci-
ences,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. D. Perreault, S. J. Naish, and B. R. Zirkin. May 88,
25p* EPA/600/D-88/096
See also PB88-211776. Prepared in cooperation with
California Univ., Santa Barbara. Dept. of Biological Sci-
ences, and Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD. Dept.
of Population Dynamics.
Experimental manipulation of fertilization provides an
exciting research approach for studying mechanisms
involved in sperm/egg interaction and holds great
promise as a means for overcoming some forms of
human infertility. The report will focus on three meth-
ods for assisted fertilization: (1) micro-injection of a
spermatozoon (or sperm nucleus) directly into the oo-
plasm; (2) injection of motile sperm through the zona
pellucida and into the perivitelline space (PVS); and (3)
zona-drilling or the creation of a channel in the zona
pellucida through which sperm may contact the oocyte
membrane directly. The use of these methods to ad-
dress a variety of questions in gamete and develop-
mental biology, as well as to initiate embryonic devel-
opment in animals and humans, will be reviewed.
Keywords: 'Reproduction(Biology), "Fertility, 'Sperm
microinjection, 'Zona drilling method, Sperm, Eggs.
PB88-211792/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Ethylene Oxide Control Technology Development
for Hospital Sterilizers. Final rept. for Mar 86-Sep
87,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
A F Meiners. May 88,155pMRI-8691-L, MRI-8692-K,
EPA/600/2-88/028
Contract EPA-68-02-3999
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report discusses the development of ethylene
oxide (EO) control technology for hospital sterilizers.
Hospitals sterilize heat-sensitive items in gas steriliz-
ers that use a mixture of EO (12 wt %) and a chloro-
fluorocarbon (CFC) (88 wt %). The active sterilizing
agent is EO. The CFC is added as a flameproofing dilu-
ent. Two potential sterilizer emission control systems
were tested: catalytic oxidation and acid hydrolysis. In
catalytic oxidation, relatively dilute mixtures of air and
EO (12/88) are passed through a catalyst bed at 149-
177 C. In acid hydrolysis, EO is hydrolyzed to ethylene
glycol using H2S04 (the CFC is unaffected). A full-
scale system was tested under laboratory conditions,
simulating a system that could be used for hospital
sterilizers. The tests showed that the EO destruction
efficiency was 99.9-99.999% of the EO reaching the
device. However, 45-60% of the EO was absorbed by
the ethylene glycol used in the closed-circuit liquid-ring
vacuum pump. Each system has significant advan-
tages and limitations.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Ethylene
oxide, 'Medical equipment, Hospitals, 'Stationary
sources, 'Hospital sterilizers, Chlorofluorocarbon,
Catalytic oxidation, Acid hydrolysis, CAS 75-21-8.
PBM-211891/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Changes In Pulmonary Function and Airway Reac-
Hvttv Due to Prolonged Exposure to Typical Ambi-
ent Ozone (03) Levels,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D Horstman, W. McConnell, L. Folinsbee, S. Abdul-
Salaam, and P. Ives. May 88,11p EPA/600/D-8B/103
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Services, Inc., Chapel Hill, NC.
Daily ambient ozone levels between 0.08 and 0.12
pom for periods exceeding 6 hours often occur in
many urban, suburban, and rural areas of the United
States and Europe. Substantial decrements in pulmo-
nwy functions, moderate to severe respiratory symp-
toms, and increased airway reactivity have been ob-
served in young men performing moderate to heavy
exercise. The study evaluates pulmonary responses of
22 healthy nonsmoking males, resulting from expo-
sures to 0.08,0.10, and 0.12 ppm ozone.
Keywords: "Ozone, 'Air pollution effects(Humans),
"Respiration, Exercise(Physiology), Young adults,
Males, Airway resistance, Pulmonary function.
PB88-211909/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Emerging Technology Program (ETP) of the U.S.
EPA's Superfund Innovative Technology Evalua-
tion (SITE) Program,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
M. I. Black. May 88,11pEPA/600/D-88/101
The Emerging Technology Program offers a mecha-
nism for performing joint technology development be-
tween the private sector and the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) with the goal of shortening
the time period from 'proof of concept' to actual tech-
nology use at a Superfund site. The Emerging Tech-
nology Program is intended to assist in further devel-
oping bench/laboratory scale innovative technologies
to the pilot-scale, so that they may become candidates
for the full-scale demonstration program. Technol-
ogies to remove, treat or detoxify either hazardous or-
ganic compounds, inorganic compounds, or mixtures
of both in all media, but particularly soils and sludges,
are of interest to the program. Candidate technologies
must show promise for commercialization but must not
yet be at the field demonstration stage of develop-
ment.
Keywords: Hazardous materials, 'Superfund program,
'Environmental protection, Cleanup operations.
PB88-211917/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Overview of Controls for Chlorofluorocarbons,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
D. L. Harmon, and W. J. Rhodes. May 88,14p* EPA/
600/D-88/100
Presented at U.S./Dutch International Symposium on
Atmospheric Ozone Research and Its Policy Implica-
tions (3rd), Nijmegen, Netherlands, May 9-13,1988.
The paper gives an overview of controls for chloro-
fluorocarbons (CFCs). Responding to concerns re-
garding the potential for stratospheric ozone depletion,
the U.S. has joined other nations in pursuing an inter-
national agreement to limit the emissions of fully halo-
genated CFCs and certain halons. To implement the
Montreal Protocol in the U.S., the EPA has proposed a
national regulation to limit the production of these sub-
stances by the allocation of production quotas to firms
engaged in this activity in 1986. Many ways exist to
achieve the needed reductions. The paper discusses
the various control options with some advantages and
disadvantages, for the major industries that use CFCs
and halons.
Keywords:,'Air pollution control, Ozone, Fluorine ali-
phatic compounds, Chlorine aliphatic compounds,
Regulations, Stratosphere, 'Chlorofluorocarbons, Sta-
tionary sources.
PB88-211925/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Radon Mitigation in Crawl Space Houses in Nash-
ville, Tennessee. Rept. for Oct 87-Jul 88,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
B. E. Pyle, A. D. Williamson, C. S. Fowler, F. E. Belzer,
and M. C. Osborne. May 88,14p EPA/600/D-88/098
Grant EPA-R-814621
Prepared in cooperation with Camroden Associates,
Rome, NY. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lab.
Approximately 15 percent of existing U.S. houses are
built over dirt crawl spaces, and little or no data exist
relative to radon mitigation techniques for this style of
house construction. The paper discusses and Environ-
mental Protection Agency radon mitigation demonstra-
tion. A variety of techniques are evaluated in the study
to determine the most effective and least costly
method of radon mitigation.
Keywords: "Radon, 'Houses, 'Radiation protection.
Crawl space houses, Nashville(Tennessee).
PB88-211933/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Methods for the Recovery of 'Giardia' and 'Cryp-
tosporidium' from Environmental Waters and
Their Comparative Occurrence,
Arizona Univ., Tucson.
J. B. Rose, D. Kayed, M. S. Madore, C. P. Gerba, and
M.J. Arrowood. May 88,22p EPA/600/D-88/097
Prepared in cooperation with California State Dept. of
Public Health, Berkeley. Sponsored by Health Effects
Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Cryptosporidium has recently been associated with a
waterborne disease outbreak in the United States. In-
formation on the occurrence of this parasite in domes-
tic sewage and water, however, is almost non-existant.
Recently, the group developed methods for the detec-
tion of Cryptosporidium in large volumes of sewage
and water. The study applied these methods to deter-
mine the relative occurrence of both Giardla and Cryp-
tosporidium in surface waters and sewage effluents in
the western United States. In summary, water sources
free of Giardia cannot be assumed to be free of Cryp-
tosporidium.
Keywords: 'Giardia, 'Sewage disposal, 'Water pollu-
tion, Surface waters, Parasites,
Concentration(Composition), Sampling, Polypropyl-
ene, Centrifugal filtration, Collection methods. Fluores-
cence, Immunology, "Cryptosporidum, Waterborne
diseases, Drinking water.
PB88-211941/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Revision of the Industrial Combustion Emissions
Model to a Base Year of 1980. Final rept. Mar-Sep
85,
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
VA.
T. Hogan. May 88,19p EPA/600/8-88/078
Contract EPA-68-02-4202
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report describes the development of an updated
1980 base year fuel consumption and air pollution
emissions estimates data base by state. These 1980
base year data have been incorporated into industrial
combustion emissions (ICE) model Versions 4.0, 5.0,
and 6.0. The model is one of four stationary source
emission and control cost forecasting models devel-
oped by EPA's Air and Energy Engineering Research
Laboratory. It projects air pollution emissions (S02,
sulfates, NOx, and particulate matter), costs, and fuel
mix for industrial fossil-fuel-fired (natural gas, distillate
and residual fuel oil, and coal) boilers by state and year
(1980 baseline, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2010, 2020,
and 2030). Model Version 6.0 is available for remote
terminal access and operation at EPA's National Com-
puter Center.
Keywords: 'Industries, 'Fossil fuels, 'Air pollution
control, Mathematical models, Fuel consumption, Cost
analysis, States(United States), Boilers, Sulfur dioxide,
Nitrogen oxides, Distillates, Natural gas, Fuel oils,
Coal, Data processing, Magnetic tapes, Particulates.
PB88-212105/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Low-Level and HARM Radioactive Wastes. Model
Documentation: Accounting Model for PRESTO-
EPA-POP, PRESTO-EPA-DEEP, and PRESTO-EPA-
BRC. Methodology and Users Manual. Final rept.,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
V. Rogers, and C. Hung. Dec 87,115p EPA/520/1-87/
029
See also PB88-212139.
The Accounting model was used as a utility model for
assessing the cumulative population health effects to
the general population residing in the downstream re-
gional water basin as a result of the disposal of LLW
when a unit response analysis method is used. The
utility model is specifically designed to assess the cu-
mulative population health effects in conjunction with
the PRESTO-EPA-POP, PRESTO-EPA-BRC, or
PRESTO-EPA-DEEP model simply for the purpose of
reducing the cost of analysis. Therefore, the assess-
ment of the cumulative population health effects may
also be conducted with one of the above appropriate
models without the aid of this accounting model.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Radioactive wastes, "Waste disposal,
"Public health, Mathematical models, Populations,
Standards, Evaluation, Mathematical models, Ac-
counting, Genetics, Assessments, Mortality, Malignant
neoplasms, Risk, Manuals, Computer programming,
"Low-level Radioactive Wastes.
PB88-212139/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Low-Level and NARM Radioactive Wastes. Model
Documentation: PRESTO-EPA-BRC. Methodology
and Users Manual. Final rept.,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
V. Rogers, and C. Hung. Dec87,254p EPA/520/1-87/
027
See also PB88-212105.
The PRESTO-EPA-BRC model was used to assess
the cumulative population health effects (including
fatal cancer deaths and serious genetic effects) to the
general population residing in the downstream region-
al water basin as a result of the disposal of LLW in an
unregulated sanitary landfill. The model is considered
a member of the PRESTO-EPA family of models. The
model is modified from the PRESTO-EPA-POP model
primarily on the addition of the radionuclide transport
pathways in the biosphere including: (1) workers' and
visitors' dust exposures; (2) population exposures from
incinerator releases; (3) workers' and visitors' gamma
exposure; and, (4) onsite farming.
Keywords: "Radiation effects, "Radioactive wastes,
"Computer programs, Sanitary engineering, Mathe-
matical models, Refuse disposal, Public health, Meth-
odology, Instructions, 'Sanitary landfills, Radionuclide
migration, Solid waste disposal, Low-level radioactive
wastes.
PB88-212147/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Low-Level and NARM Radioactive Wastes. Model
Documentation: PATHRAE-EPA. Methodology and
Users Manual. Final rept.,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
V. Rogers, and C. Hung. Dec 87,150p EPA/520/1-87/
028
The PATHRAE-EPA model is used to assess the maxi-
mum annual dose to a critical population group (maxi-
mum CPG dose) resulting from the disposal of below
regulatory concern (BRC) wastes. The model is ex-
panded from the PRESTO-EPA-CPG and PRESTO-
EPA-BRC models emphasizing two areas: (1) the addi-
tion of specific radionuclide exposure pathways per-
taining to onsite workers during disposal operation, to
offsite personnel after site closure, and to reclaimers
and inadvertent intruders after site closure; and (2) the
simplification of the sophiscated dynamic submodels
to a quasi-steady state submodels so that the compu-
tation time can be greatly reduced and enable the
model to be executed on a personal computer.
Keywords: 'Radioactive wastes, 'Radiation effects,
Radiation hazards, Mathematical models. Computer
programs, Methodology, Instructions, Refuse disposal,
Sanitary engineering, "Public health, 'Radionuclide
migration, 'Low-level radioactive wastes, Solid waste
disposal, Sanitary landfills.
PB88-212287/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab
Description of the Industrial Combustion Emis-
sions Model (Version 6.0). Final rept. Dec 84-Mar
86,
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington
VA.
T. Hogan. May 88,109p EPA/600/8-88/077
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report describes the model methodology, key as-
sumptions, data sources, and user options for Version
6 of the Industrial Combustion Emissions (ICE) Model,
one of a number of National Acid Precipitation Assess-
ment Program emission forecasting models. Future
ICE Model runs may include model modifications rec-
ommended by EPA. The ICE Model projects air pollu-
tion emissions (sulfur dioxide, sulfates, and nitrogen
oxides), costs, and fuel mix for industrial fossil-fuel-
fired (natural gas, distillate and residua1 "®l011: „aQn,-
coal) boilers by state and year (1985, 1990, 1995,
2000, 2010, 2020, and 2030).
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Sulfur dioxide, Math-
ematical models. Emission, Sulfates, Nitrogen oxides,
Fossil fuels, Combustion, Boilers, Forecasting, Coal,
Natural gas.
PB88-212295/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Re-
search.
Predicting Minesoil Erosion Potential,
Agricultural Research Service, University Park, PA.
Northeast Watershed Research Center.
D. L. Jones, R. M. Khanbilvardi, and A. S. Rogowski.
Jun 86,123p EPA/600/7-86/020
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Environmental Processes
and Effects Research.
Two experimental plots were instrumented with ero-
sion pins to study the correspondence between point
erosion and erosion over an area on strip mine soil.
Using a rotating boom rainfall simulator, data were col-
lected by sampling the runoff every five minutes for the
duration of the rainfall. The amount of sediment
eroded or deposited was measured after each simulat-
ed rainfall using erosion pins. These results were com-
pared to the sediment load measured by runoff sam-
pling, as well as to the predicted erosion using two an-
alytical models, the Universal Soil Loss Equation
(USLE) and an Erosion/Deposition (E/D) model. The
E/D model was developed to be a more comprehen-
sive model than the USLE, by including partial area
concepts of more comprehensive model than the
USLE, by including partial area concepts of hydrology
and sediment transport equations.
Keywords: 'Strip mining, "Soil erosion, Runoff, Simula-
tors, Rainfall, Sediments, Mathematical models, Com-
parison, Experimental data, Point sources.
PB8B-212394/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Review of the U.S. Consumer Product Safety
Commission's Health Effects and Exposure As-
sessment Documents on Nitrogen Dioxide.
Report of the Clean Air Scientific Advisory Com-
mittee. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
9 May 88, 39p SAB/CASAC-86/021
At the request of the Consumer Product Safety Com-
mission, the Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee
conducted a review on the potential health hazards as-
sociated with exposure to 0.1 to 1.0 ppm nitrogen diox-
ide generated by unvented indoor combustion
sources. The committee concluded that: (1) repeated
peak exposures at concentrations of 0.3 ppm of nitro-
gen dioxide may cause health effects in some individ-
uals; (2) the population groups that appear most sensi-
tive to nitrogen dioxide exposure include children,
chronic bronchitics, asthmatics, and individuals with
emphysema; and (3) the most direct evidence regard-
ing lung damage associated with nitrogen dioxide is
obtained from animal studies.
Keywords: "Nitrogen dioxide, Combustion, Risk, Re-
views, Exposure, Toxicity, Air toxic substances, Toxic
hazards, Assessments, Indoor air pollution, Environ-
mental impact assessments, Air pollution
effects(Human).
PB88-212527/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Biological Treatment of Pharmaceu-
tical Wastewater with PAC (Powdered Activated
Carbon) Addition. Volume 1. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Milwaukee, Wl.
D. A. Gardner, and R. A. Osantowski. May 88,215p
EPA/600/2-88/032A
Contract EPA-68-03-3371
See also Volume 2, PB88-212535. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water
Engineering Research Lab.
A lack of information on applicable removal technol-
ogies for total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) pre-
vented promulgation of best available technology eco-
nomically achievable (BAT) limitations and new source
performance standards (NSPS) for TCOD for pharma-
ceutical manufacturing plants in 1983 (EPA/440/1-
83/084). One technology that was evaluated was pow-
dered activated carbon (PAC) addition to an activated
sludge system (PACT*). A viscous floating mass of
mixed liquor solids (VFMLS) developed in the PACT
units and resulted in premature termination of the
study. The purposes of the study were to: (1) attempt
to find the cause of the formation of the VFMLS; (2)
generate additional research data for TCOD removal
from pharmaceutical wastewater using the PACT proc-
ess; (3) evaluate the efficiency of PACT in removing
specific organics; (4) evaluate the effectiveness of
PACT in reducing effluent aquatic toxicity and (5)
evaluate the use of a selector to improve the settleabil-
ity of the mixed liquor. One control unit, two PACT units
and a unit equipped with a series of selector basins for
improving the settling characteristics of the mixed
liquor suspended solids were operated.
Keywords: 'Drug industry, 'Industrial waste treatment,
"Chemical removal(Water treatment), Drugs, Activat-
ed carbon treatment, Waste water, 'Water pollution
control. Powdered activated carbon.
PB88-212535/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Biological Treatment of Pharmaceu-
tical Wastewater with PAC (Powdered Activated
Carbon) Addition. Volume 2. Appendices. Final
rept.,
Radian Corp., Milwaukee, Wl.
D. A. Gardner, and R. A. Osantowski. May 88, 348d
EPA/600/2-88/032B
Contract EPA-68-03-3371
See also Volume 1, PB88-212527. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water
Engineering Research Lab.
A lack of information on applicable removal technol-
ogies for total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) pre-
vented promulgation of best available technology eco-
nomically achievable (BAT) limitations and new source
performance standards (NSPS) for TCOD for pharma-
ceutical manufacturing plants in 1983 (EPA/440/1-
83/084). Therefore, in 1984 EPA conducted a pilot
plant study of activated carbon treatment technologies
utilizing pharmaceutical wastewaters from a manufac-
turing plant that produces fermentation products (Sub-
category A) and chemical synthesis products (Sub-
category C). The purposes of the study were to: (1) at-
tempt to find the cause of the formation of the VFMLS-
(2) generate additional research data for TCOD remov-
al from pharmaceutical wastewater using the PACT
process; (3) evaluate the efficiency of PACT in remov-
ing specific organics; (4) evaluate the effectiveness of
PACT in reducing effluent aquatic toxicity; and, (5)
evaluate the use of a selector to improve the settleabil-
ity of the mixed liquor. One control unit, two PACT
characteristics of the mixed liquor suspended solids
were operated.
Keywords: 'Drug industry, 'Industrial waste treatment
"Chemical removal(Water treatment), Drugs, Activat-
ed carbon treatment, Waste water, 'Water pollution
control, Powdered activated carbon.
PB88-212550/HSU	PC A24/MF A01
Water Resources Data for North Carolina, Water
Year 1987. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 86-9o
Sep 87,
Geological Survey, Raleigh, NC. Water Resources Div
B. C. Ragland, R. G. Garrett, R. G. Barker, W. H.
Eddins, and J. F. Rinehardt. 29 Feb 88, 554p USQS/
WRD/HD-88/218, USGS/WDR/NC-87-1
See also report for 1986, PB87-231049.
Water resources data for the 1987 water year for North
Carolina consist of records of stage, discharge and
water quality of streams; stage and contents of 'lakes
and reservoirs; and groundwater levels. The resort
contains discharge records for 173 gaging statiore
and stage and contents for 25 lakes and reservoirs-
water quality for 140 gaging stations and 21 mlsceltal
neous sites; and water levels for 72 observation weUs!
Additional water data were collected at various sites
not involved in the systematic data-collection program
and are published as miscellaneous measurements in
the report.
Keywords: 'Ground water, "Surface waters "North
Carolina, Water pollution, Stream flow, Flow rata
Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, TemnSS!
ture, Tables(Data), 'Water quality data, "HvdrcKSl
data, Discharge(Water), Water levels.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-213004/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Manual
for Waste Minimization Opportunity Assessments,
Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc., Pasadena, CA.
G. Lorton. Apr 88,104p EPA/600/2-88/025
Contract EPA-68-01-7053
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Waste Minimization is a term that includes source re-
duction and recycling. Source reduction is defined as
any activity that reduces or eliminates the generation
of wastes at the source, usually within a process. Re-
cycling is defined as the recovery and/or reuse of what
would otherwise be a waste material. A waste minimi-
zation opportunity assessment is a procedure for sur-
veying processes and identifying waste reduction pos-
sibilities. The manual provides a systematic framework
that can be used to carry out a waste minimization op-
portunity assessment.
Keywords: 'Reduction, 'Waste disposal, Manuals, In-
dustrial wastes, Incineration, Assessments, Volume,
Containment, Encapsulating, Recycling, Land dispos-
al.
PB88-213020/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Control and Mitigation Systems for Accidental Re-
leases of Toxic Chemicals,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
E R. Krishnan, P. W. Utrecht, and J. C. Bare. May 88,
18p* EPA/600/D-88/099
Contract EPA-68-02-3995
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research La&.
The paper discusses control and mitigation systems
for accidental releases of toxic chemicals. A review of
the control/mitigation system data base developed
during an EPA study reveals that the major control
measure employed by industry for accidental releases
is routine process inspections. For control devices,
flares and scrubbers were found to be the control sys-
tems of choice for handling such releases. The types
of accidental release control systems appear to be
chemical-specific, although insufficient data were
available per chemical to establish trends for different
chemicals. The mitigation systems data base revealed
a variety of techniques (e.g., water misting, dikes, foam
covers) in industry for limiting the spread of an acci-
dental release. The limited data base did not allow any
clear trends to be established for mitigation systems
by type of chemical. The control/mitigation system
data base also pointed out that companies viewed im-
proved inspections and equipment testing as the best
way to prevent accidental releases.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Toxicity, Inspection,
Maintenance, 'Hazardous materials spill, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Chemical spills, Accidental releases, Indus-
trial flares, Scrubbers, Stationary sources.
PB8&-213046/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Destruction of Cyanide in Wastewaters: Review
and Evaluation. Final rept.,
Hittman Ebasco Associates, Inc., Columbia, MD.
B C Weathington. May 88,72p* EPA/600/2-88/031
Contracts EPA-68-03-3037, EPA-68-03-3197
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The report presents a review of known cyanide de-
struction technologies with respect to applicability, fea-
sibility, effectiveness and cost. Particular emphasis
was placed on the destruction of complex cyanides.
Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate a pho-
tocatalytic process to convert simple cyanides, iron
cvanides and thiocyanates to cyanate using titanium
oxide (Ti02) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The scope
of the problem of cyanide in wastewater or leachate
and the effectiveness of twelve different technologies
which have been applied to the destruction of cyanide
were assessed by review of available literature and
discussions with industry and government authorities.
Brief summaries of the problem and the current tech-
nologies are contained in the report. In general, the pri-
mary concern with cyanide effluent is its propensity to
form complexes which are difficult to remove and can
later break down to highly toxic forms.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Cyanide,
"Wastewater, 'Chemical removal(Water treatment),
Destruction, Contaminants, Cost effectiveness,
'Chemical effluents.
PB88-213061/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Effect of Ventilation on Emission Rates of Wood
Finishing Materials,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
B. A. Tichenor, and Z. Guo. May 88,14p EPA/600/D-
88/104
Contract EPA-68-02-4701
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper gives results from EPA studies on the effect
of ventilation (air changes per hour) and material load-
ing on the emission rate for selected organics and total
measured organics from three wood finishing materi-
als (stain, polyurethane, and wax). The data are ana-
lyzed to show the effect of ventilation on the emission
characteristics of each material. The rate of emission
of organic compounds from building materials varies
according to type of material, material loading (area of
material/volume of room), compound emitted, temper-
ature, humidity, and ventilation rate. For some com-
pounds and materials (e.g., formaldehyde from parti-
cleboard), the relationship between emission rate and
these variables is well established. For most materials
and compounds, however, such relationships are un-
available. Research, using small test chambers, is
being conducted by EPA to develop data on emission
rates from a variety of building materials.
Keywords: 'Ventilation, 'Finishes, 'Wood, Emission,
Stains, Polyurethane resins, Waxes, Organic coatings,
Organic compounds, Test chambers, 'Air pollution de-
tection, 'Emission factors, Stationary sources.
PB88-213079/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Biological Wastewater Treatment of Azo Dyes,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
G. M. Shaul, C. R. Dempsey, and K. A. Dostal. May 88,
7p EPA/600/D-88/084
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA)
Office of Toxic Substances evaluates existing chemi-
cals under Section 4 of the Toxic Substances Control
Act (TSCA) and Premanufacture Notification (PMN)
submissions under Section 5 of TSCA. Azo dyes con-
stitute a significant portion of these PMN submissions
and specific azo dyes have recently been added to the
priority list for considerations in the development of
test rules under Section 4. Azo dyes are of concern be-
cause some of the dyes, dye precurors, and/or their
degradation products such as aromatic amines (which
are also dye precurors) have been shown to be, or are
suspected to be, carcinogenic. The fate of azo dyes in
biological wastewater treatment systems was studied
to aid in the review of PMN submissions and to assist
in the possible development of test rules. Results from
extensive pilot-scale activated sludge process testing
for 18 azo dyes will be presented. Results from fate
studies of C.I. Disperse Blue 79 in aerobic and anaero-
bic wastewater treatment will also be presented.
Keywords: 'Azo dyes, 'Industrial waste treatment,
Dyes, Waste water, 'Water pollution control, Environ-
mental fate.
PB88-213152/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Low-Level and NARM Radioactive Wastes Model
Documentation PRESTO-EPA-DEEP: Methodology
and Users Manual. Final rept.,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
V. Rogers, and C. Hung. Dec 87,266p EPA/520/1-87/
025
The PRESTO-EPA-DEEP model was used to assess
the cumulative population health effects (including
fatal cancer deaths and serious genetic effects) to the
general population residing in the downstream region-
al water basin as a result of the disposal of LLW using
deep geological disposal methods. The model is con-
sidered a member of the PRESTO-EPA family of
models. The model is modified from the PRESTO-
EPA-POP model primarily in the area of radionuclide
transport in the geosphere. Interested persons may
apply the model, using appropriate and applicable
input data, for assessing the cumulative population
health effects resulting from the disposal of LLW using
a deep geological disposal method.
Keywords: "Radioactive wastes, 'Radiation effects,
'Public health, Mathematical models, Computer pro-
trams, Methodology, Instructions, Refuse disposal,
anitary engineering, Radiation, 'Radionuclide migra-
tion, "Low-level radioactive wastes, Sanitary landfills,
Solid waste disposal.
PB88-213160/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Impact of a 12-Month Exposure to a Diurnal Pat-
tern of Ozone on Pulmonary Function, Antioxi-
dant Biochemistry and Immunology,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
E. C. Grose, M. A. Stevens, G. E. Hatch, R. H. Jaskot,
and M. J. K. Selgrade. May 88,13p EPA/600/D-88/
071
Contract EPA-68-02-4450
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Rats were exposed for 12 months, 13 hr/day, 7 days/
week to 0.06 ppm 03; Monday through Friday, the ani-
mals received a 9 hr spike reaching a maximum con-
centration ol 0.25 ppm. An increase in the rate of lung
nitrogen washout was observed in the 03-exposed
rats. Residual volume and total lung capacity were re-
duced. Glutathione peroxidase and reductase activi-
ties were increased but pulmonary superoxide dismu-
tase was unchanged. Alpha tocopherol levels were de-
creased in lung lavage supernatant and unchanged in
lavaged cells, however, ascorbic acid and lavage fluid
protein was increased. Immunological changes were
not observed. Thus, chronic exposure to 03 caused
(1)	functional lung changes indicative of a stiffer lung;
(2)	biochemical changes suggestive of increased anti-
oxidant metabolism; and (3) no observable immunolo-
gical changes.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Ozone, 'Exposure, Respira-
tory diseases, Rats, Laboratory animals,
Concentration(Composition), Immunology, 'Health ef-
fects.
PB88-213178/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Radiological Survey of the Peari Harbor Naval
Shipyard and Environs, Honolulu, Hawaii. Final
rept.,
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
R. S. Callls. Jun 87,31 p EPA/520/5-87/010
The report presents results of the survey conducted by
the Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility person-
nel to assess levels of environmental radioactivity re-
sulting from maintenance and operation of nuclear-
powered warships at the Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard
and Environs on the Hawaiian Island of Oahu.
Keywords: 'Radiation, 'Pearl Harbor, 'Shipyards, Nu-
clear powered ships, Oahu Island, 'Radiological
survey, Honolulu(Hawaii).
PB88-213194/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Prevention Reference Manual: Overviews on Pre-
venting and Controlling Accidentlal Releases of
Selected Toxic Chemicals. Final rept. Oct 87-Apr
88.
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
D. S. Davis, G. B. DeWolf, K. A. Ferland, J. D. Quass,
and C. O. Rueter. May 88,211 p EPA/600/8-88-074
Contract EPA-68-02-4286
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The manual can be used to orient personnel involved
in inspecting and otherwise evaluating potential toxic
chemical release hazards to the fundamentals of re-
lease hazard control for 13 of the specific chemicals
chosen for evaluation under Section 305(b) of the Su-
perfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA)
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
of 1986. It also guides the user to other technical litera-
ture for additional information. Section 305(b) requires
that the EPA conduct a 'review of emergency systems
for monitoring, detecting, and preventing releases of
extremely hazardous substances at representative do-
mestic facilities that produce, use, or store extremely
hazardous substances'. The EPA must also prepare
and present to Congress a report with recommenda-
tions for initiatives for the development of technologies
and systems for monitoring, detecting, and preventing
the accidental release of chemical substances, and for
public alert systems that warn of imminent releases.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, Materials handling,
Acrylonitriles, Furans, Hydrazines, State government,
Local government, Hydrogen sulfide, Storage, "Toxic
substances, "Hazardous materials spills, "Pollution
control, "Chemical spills, Environment pollution, Ar-
sonic acid/benzene, Benzotrichloride, Acetic acid/
chloro, Mechlorethamine, Methiocarb, Bromide/
methyl, Sodium azide, Chloride/acetyl-trichloro, Tin/
tetraethyl, CAS 107-13-1, CAS 98-06-5, CAS 110-00-9,
CAS 302-01 -2, CAS 79-11-8, CAS 7783-06-4, CAS 51-
75-2, CAS 2-32-65-7, CAS 597-64-8, CAS 76-02-8.
PB88-213202/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Inflammatory Response in Human Lung Exposed
to Ambient Levels of Ozone,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Clinical Research Branch.
H. S. Koren, R. B. Devlin, D. E. Graham, W. P.
McDonnell, and R. Mann. May 88,12p* EPA/600/D-
88/102
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill. School of Medicine.
Although ozone (03) has been shown to induce in-
flammation in the lungs of animals, very little is known
about its inflammatory effects on humans. In the study,
eleven healthy non-smoking males, ages 18-35 were
exposed once to 0.4 ppm 03 and once to filtered air
for two hours with intermittent exercise. Preliminary re-
sults from a study addressing the effect of extended
03 exposure (7 hours, 0.1 ppm) indicated an inflam-
matory response in the lower airway evidenced by a
4.8-fold increase in the percent of PMN in the BAL.
The findings show that an acute exposure to 0.4 ppm
03 as well as an extended exposure result in in-
creased levels of inflammatory cells potentially capa-
ble of producing damage in the lower airways of
humans.
Keywords: 'Ozone, "Lungs, "Exposure, Inflammation,
Concentration(Composition), "Air pollution
effects(Humans), "Health effects, "Inhalation, "Health
hazards, Toxic substances.
PB88-213210/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Radiological Survey of Charleston Naval Base and
Shipyard and the Charleston Naval Weapons Sta-
tion. Final rept.,
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
J. M. Smith. Jul 87,22p EPA/520/5-87/009
The report presents results of the survey conducted by
the Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility (EERF)
personnel to assess levels of environmental radioac-
tivity resulting from maintenance and operation of nu-
clear-powered warships at the Charleston Naval Base
and Shipyard and the Charleston Naval Weapons Sta-
tion, near Charleston, SC.
Keywords: "Radioactivity, "Warships, "Contamination,
Weapons, Radionuclides, Environment.
PB88-213236/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry of Am-
bient Aerosols,	.
Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA. Engineering Div
M. Pollard, and J. Jaklevic. May 88,82p EPA/600/4-
88/020
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry has
been evaluated as a method for determining the con-
centration of selected species present in a:mbient aer-
osols collected on Teflon filters. The filters are ana-
lyzed by transmission measurements after collection
of the fine fraction (< 2.5 micrometers diameter) of the
ambient particles on 2 micrometers pore size Teflon fil-
ters. The spectra of the blank filters are subtracted
from the spectra of the loaded filters and the area of
the specific absorbance bands for ammonium, nitrate,
and sulfate are measured and compared to calibration
curves. The filter orientation must be maintained for all
measured infrared spectra.
Keywords: "Aerosols, "Spectroscopic analysis, Chem-
ical analysis, Infrared spectrometers, Fourier transfor-
mation, Concentration(Composition), Particles, Fluoro-
carbon fibers, Air filters, Ammonium compounds, Sul-
fates, Graphs(Charts), "Air pollution detection, "Fouri-
er transform infrared spectroscopy, FTIR spectrosco-
py, Nitrates.
PB88-213368/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Background Document for First Third Wastes to
Support 40 CFR Part 268, Land Disposal Restric-
tions. Proposed Rule. First Third Waste Volumes,
Characteristics, and Required and Available
Treatment Capacity. Part 2.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
May 88, 204p REPT-939.86, EPA/530/SW-88/030
Contract EPA-68-01 -7053
See also PB87-146361. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid
Waste.
The document serves as a supporting background
document for newly proposed EPA standards affecting
the land disposal of first third wastes as well as solvent
wastes, first third wastes as previously proposed, Cali-
fornia list halogenated organic compound (HOC)
wastes, and waste contaminated soils. The document
discusses the required and available alternative treat-
ment and recovery capacity for these wastes.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Waste disposal,
'Earth fills, Government policies, Requirements,
Volume, Standards, Halogen organic compounds,
Contaminants, Soils, Solvents, Waste treatment. Re-
covery, Design, Availability, Environmental Protection
Agency, Land disposal.
PB88-213517/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
National Statistical Assessment of Rural Water
Conditions: Technical Summary,
Cornell Univ. Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca,
NY. Dept. of Rural Sociology.
J. D. Francis. Jun 84,147p* EPA/570/9-84/004
See also PB84-222322. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Drinking
Water.
The report presents the findings of a national research
survey of rural household water conditions. The pur-
pose of the study, which was mandated by Congress in
the Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974, was to gather in-
formation about the quantity, quality, availability, and
cost of water supplies in rural America. The Study in-
corporated the physical and technical components of
water supplies and performed a laboratory water qual-
ity analysis on specimens of each household's sys-
tems, the Study looked at the social framework that
surround every rural water, the personal economics of
securing a water supply, and the financing of interme-
diate and community systems.
Keywords: "United States, "Water supply, "Water pol-
lution, "Rural areas, Surveys, Water wells, Residential
buildings, Cost analysis, Financing, Water analysis,
Communities, Availability, Volume, Economic factors,
Government policies, Statistical analysis, Demogra-
phy, Tables(Data), Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974,
Drinking water.
PB88-213541/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Supplemental Development Document for Efflu-
ent Limitations Guidelines and Standards for the
Leather Tanning and Finishing. Point Source Cat-
egory. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
R. R. Gile. Feb 88,105p* EPA/440/1-88/016-S
See also PB83-172593.
EPA amended 40 CFR Part 425 which limits effluent
discharges to waters of the U.S. and the introduction
of pollutants into publicly owned treatment works
(POTW) by existing and new sources engaged in leath-
er tanning and finishing. EPA agreed to promulgate
these amendments in a settlement agreement with the
Tanners' Council of America, Inc. The agreement set-
tles a dispute between the Council and EPA that was
the subject of a petition for judicial review of the final
leather tanning and finishing regulation promulgated
by EPA on November 23, 1982 (47 FR 52848). The
document describes the technical development of
these amendments which include: (1) a new analytical
method for the determination of the presence of sul-
fide in wastewater for use in the Hair Save or Pulp,
Non-Chrome Tan, Retan-Wet Finish Subcategory; (2)
clarification of procedural requirements for POTW to
follow in determining whether sulfide pretreatment
standards are applicable; (3) revisions to certain of the
effluent limitations guidelines for 'best practicable con-
trol technology currently available' (BPT) and new
source performance standards (NSPS).
Keywords: "Leather, "Water pollution control, "Guide-
lines, "Standards, "Tanning materials, Sources, Tech-
nology, Cost analysis, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, "Water pollution abatement, Point sources.
PB88-213848/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 156: Mevlnphos.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
31 Mar 88,12pEPA/540/FS-88/073
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred: (1) issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard; (2) Issuance of each
special review document; (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern; (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides. "Organophosphates, Hazard-
ous materials, Chemical properties, Regulations, Toxi-
cology, Ecology, Insecticides, Toxic tolerances, Stand-
ards, "Toxic substances, "Mevinphos, Butenoic acid/
((dimethoxyphosphinyl)oxy)-methyl ester, Chemical in-
formation fact sheet, CAS 7786 34 7, Environmental
fate, Use patterns.
PB88-213855/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 155: Metalaxyl.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Mar 88,10p EPA/540/FS-88/074
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Ecology, Fungicides
'Toxic substances, Metalaxyl, Alanine/N-(Dlmethyl-
phenyl)-N-(Methoxyacetyl)-Methyl ester, Chemical in-
formation fact sheet. Use patterns, Science findinas
CAS 57837-19-1.	w
PB88-213863/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 157: Fenoxaprop-
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Feb 88,8p EPA/540/FS-88/075
No abstract available.
bicides,
aprop ethyl. Propanoic acld/((chto^
benzoxazolyl)oxylphenoxyl ester)-ethyl, Chemical irv
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
formation (act sheet, Use patterns, Science findings,
CAS 66441-2344, Environmental fate.
PB88-213913/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC,
Office of Drinking Water.
Indian Drinking Water Supply Study. Final rept.
Indian Health Service, Rockville, MD.
20 Mar 88, 248p EPA/570/9-88/001
Contract EPA-68-03-3348
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
The report summarizes the results of the survey of
drinking water in Indian reservations conducted under
section 302(e) of the 1986 amendments to the Safe
Drinking Water Act. The survey assesses the quality of
drinking on Indian reservations, identifies drinking
water problems and the need, if any, for alternative
drinking water supplies.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water supply. Communi-
ties, Water quality, Site surveys, "Drinking water,
"American Indians, Reservations, Safe Drinking Water
Act.
PB88-214267/HSU	PC A24/MF A01
Alternate Concentration Limit Guidance, Based
on 264.94(b) Criteria, Part 2. Case Studies. Interim
rept. (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
May 88, 560p' EPA/530/SW-87/031
See also Part 1, PB87-206165.
These case studies constitute Part II of the ACL Guid-
ance Document. They are intended to assist Regional
and State personnel in exercising the discretion con-
ferred by regulation in evaluating applications for alter-
nate concentration limits (ACLs) submitted pursuant to
40 CFR 264.94. The document is not a regulation and
should not be used as such. Regional and State per-
sonnel must exercise their discretion in using this guid-
ance document as well as other relevant information in
determining whether an ACL demonstration meets the
regulatory standard.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Waste management,
Guidance, State government, Local government,
Ground water, Hazardous materials, Toluene, Xylenes,
Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Toxicity,
Maps, Tables(Data), Risk assessment, Toxic sub-
stances, Pathway of pollutants, Ethylene/trichloro,
Ethane/trichloro, Sanitary landfills, CAS 75-35-4, CAS
108-88-3, CAS 71-55-6, CAS 79-01-6, CAS 1330-20-7.
PB88-214671/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Cell Number and Size in Selected Organs of Fe-
tuses of Rats Malnourished and Exposed to Nltro-
fen. Journal article,
California Univ., Davis. Dept. of Nutrition.
F. J. Zeman, H. Hena, E. R. Hoogenboom, S.
Mahboob, and R. J. Kavlock. c1986,11p EPA/600/J-
86/463
Grant EPA-R-810526
Pub. in Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagen-
esis, v6 p339-347 1986. Sponsored by Health Effects
Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The effects of maternal exposure to nitrofen or protein-
energy malnutrition on the number and sizes of cells in
selected organs of the fetal rat have been studied.
Pregnant rats were fed either an adequate (CON) or
protein-energy deficient diet (PEM) throughout gesta-
tion. Maternal nitrofen exposure resulted in reduced
weight and reduced protein in all organs except the
brain. The data indicate that maternal protein-energy
malnutrition results in smaller organs in the fetuses
with fewer cells and containing less protein and RNA.
The greater reduction in protein than that expected
from the decrease in numbers of cells in the liver, in-
testine, and brain in fetuses of malnourished dams
suggest that cells were also smaller. (Copyright (c)
1986 Alan R. Liss, Inc.)
Keywords: "Exposure, "Toxicology, "Embryos, Rats,
Laboratory animals, Reproduction(Biology),
Concentration(Composition), Toxicity. Congenital ab-
normalities, "Nitrofen, "Carcinogenesis, "Biological ef-
fects.
PB88-214689/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Incineration of Three RCRA Wastes at the
USEPA's Combustion Research Facility (CRF),
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
M. A. Curran, and R. J. Turner. May 88,18p EPA/600/
D-88/111
The paper describes part of the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency's efforts in collecting data during inciner-
ation of various RCRA wastes to determine the quality
of the residuals being generated. Ash and effluent
streams were sampled and analyzed after rotary kiln
incineration of three different wastes at an EPA facility
in Jefferson, Arkansas. These wastes were RCRA
Waste Code K024 (distillation bottoms from the pro-
duction of phthalic anhydride), K001-PCP (wastewater
treatment sludge from wood preserving processes
using pentachiorophenol), and K037 (wastewater
treatment sludge from the production of the pesticide
disulfoton). The data on waste feed, ash and scrubber
water composition (not stack gas) are discussed in the
paper. Rotary kiln incineration appears to be an ac-
ceptable treatment process for the three RCRA
wastes that were tested.
Keywords: "Incinerators, "Waste disposal, Kilns,
Waste treatment, Combustion products, "Pollution
control, Disulfoton, Phenol/pentachloro, Phthalic an-
hydride.
PB88-214697/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Measurement of the Chemical Species That Con-
tribute to Urban Haze,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
R. K. Stevens, F. King, J. Bell, V. R. Highsmith, and J.
Whitfield. May 88,15p EPA/600/D-88/112
Measurements of the acidic (S02, HN03, and HN02)
and basic (eg NH3) gases that coexist with fine parti-
cles (<2.5 micrometes are often used in models to de-
termine the sources of species that contribute to the
so-called urban haze. The measurement of these trace
gaseous and particle contaminants by instrumental
methods is often limited by instrumental sensitivity and
by the interferences of other contaminates that coexist
with the species of interest. An example of this prob-
lem is the measurement of N02 by chemilumines-
cence methods. This report describes a new denuder
system and denuder coating arrangement that elimi-
nates interferences between oxides of nitrogen spe-
cies and improves the reliabilty and precision of meas-
urements of HN03 and HN02. This paper will also de-
scribe the physical properties and sampling character-
istics of an annular denuder system tailored for visibili-
ty studies and present results of measurements made
to demonstrate precision and accuracy of data ob-
tained with the annular denuder system.
Keywords: "Urban areas, "Microanalysis, "Sulfur diox-
ide, "Haze, Chemiluminescence, Contaminants, Parti-
cles, Nitric acids, Chemical analysis, Ammonia, Nitrous
acid, Aerosols, "Air pollution detection, Air pollution
sampling.
PB88-214705/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Ozone-Induced Changes in the Pulmonary Clear-
ance of (99m)Te-DTPA In Man,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
H. R. Kehrl, L. M. Vincent, R. J. Kowalsky, D. H.
Horstman, and J. J. O'Neil. May 88,13p EPA/600/D-
88/113
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ.,
Chapel Hill.
Ozone is a respiratory irritant that has been shown in
animals to increase the premeability of the respiratory
epithelium. In the study the authors have recently re-
ported that respiratory epithelial permeability was simi-
larly affected in eight healthy non-smoking young men
exposed to ozone (ARRD, 135 (1987) 1124-8). Perme-
ability was evaluated by determining the pulmonary
clearance of inhaled aerosolized 99mTc-DTPA with
sequential posterior lung imaging by a computer-as-
sisted gamma camera. In a randomized crossover
design, 16 young men were exposed for 2 h to purified
air and 0.4 ppm ozone while performing intermittent
high intensity treadmill exercise; forced vital capacity
(FVC) was measured before and at the end of expo-
sures. The results demonstrate that ozone exposure
increased respiratory epithelial permeability. Such an
increase may be a manifestation of direct ozone-in-
duced epithelial cell injury, lung inflammation or both.
Keywords:	"Ozone,	"Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Respiration, "Health ef-
fects, Inhalation.
PB88-214713/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Occurrence and Significance of Cryptosporidium
In Water. Journal article,
Arizona Univ., Tucson. Dept. of Microbiology and Im-
munology.
J. B. Rose. c1988,9p EPA/600/J-88/014
Grant EPA-R-813536
Pub. in Jnl. of the American Water Works Association,
v80 n2 p53-58 Feb 88. Sponsored by Health Effects
Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Three outbreaks of waterborne disease have been at-
tributed to Cryptosporidium-two linked to drinking
water and a third to surface water-yet the risk of water-
borne disease is unknown because many factors may
contribute to transmission. Of 107 surface water sam-
ples collected in six western states, 77 were positive
for the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts. A high
count was found in raw sewage (1,732 oocysts/L),
whereas low counts were found in waters without
waste discharges (0.04 oocysts/L). Cryptosporidium
has also been detected in drinking water. Little infor-
mation is available, however, on oocyst survival in the
environment or during sewage and drinking water
treatment processes, Based on environmental occur-
rence, the risk of Cryptosporidium transmission by the
water route may be equal to or greater than that of
Giardia.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Protozoal diseases,
"Aquatic microbiology, Epidemiology, Sewage dispos-
al, Disease vectors, Taxonomy, Arizona. California,
Colorado, Oregon, Life cycles, Surface waters, Texas,
Utah, Water treatment, Giardia, Potable water, "Cryp-
tospnridium, "Water pollution effects(Humans), Water-
borne diseases, Cryptosporidiosis.
PB88-214739/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Fate of Dyes In Aquatic Systems. 1. Solubility and
Partitioning of Some Hydrophobic Dyes and Re-
lated Compounds. Journal article,
Georgia Univ., Athens.
G. L. Baughman, andT. A. Perenich. c1988,20p*
EPA/600/J-88/015
Grant EPA-R-812638
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v7
n3 p183-199 Mar 88. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab., Athens, GA.
Solubilities and vapor pressures from the literature are
combined with calculated octanol/water partition coef-
ficients, K (sub ow), to assess the expected environ-
mental behavior of about 50 dyes. The solubility sug-
gests the potential for a 30- to 150-fold concentration
enhancement in sediments and bioconcentration of
about 1,000 times in the absence of metabolism. The
data also indicate that solubilities computed from K
(sub ow) for disperse dyes is 10 to 100 times smaller
than reported for most other compounds. Henry's Law
constants calculated from solubility and vapor pres-
sure show that the disperse and vat dyes will be entire-
ly gas-phase-controlled in their rate of volatilization
from water and that the process will be extremely slow.
No definitive conclusions can be drawn about the be-
havior of more recently developed disperse dyes. The
available physical constants are compiled along with
structures, Color Index numbers, CAS numbers, and
names for 80 compounds.
Keywords: "Azo dyes, "Aquatic biology, Solubility,
Dyes, Sediments, Concentration(Composition), Dis-
pense dyes, Vat dyes, Separation, Toxicology, Vapor
pressure, "Environmental fate, "Environmental expo-
sure pathway, "Toxic substances, Partition coeffi-
cients.
PB88-214747/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Examination of the Reproductive Effects of Trl-
cresyl Phosphate Administered to Long-Evan*
Rats. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
B. D. Carlton, A. H. Basaran, L, E. Mezza, and M. K.
Smith. C1987,10p EPA/600/J-87/350
Pub. in Toxicology, v46 n3 p321-32B Nov 87. Prepared
in cooperation with Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
The reproductive effects of tricresyl phosphate (TCP)
were examined. Male Long-Evans rats received 0,
100, or 200 mg/kg and females received 0, 200, or 400
mg/kg TCP in corn oil by gavage. Males were dosed
for 56 days and females for 14 days prior to breeding
and throughout the 10-day breeding period. Following
breeding, the males were necropsied and evaluated
for sperm parameters and reproductive tract histo-
pathology. Females were dosed throughout gestation
and lactation. Pups and adult females were necropsied
on postnatal day 21. Sperm concentration, motility,
and progressive movement were decreased for 200
mg/kg dose groups males. A dose-dependent in-
crease in abnormal sperm morphology was observed
for males in both TCP dose groups. The percent of
sperm-positive females per group was unchanged, but
the number of females delivering live young was se-
verely decreased by TCP exposure. Litter size and pup
viability was decreased in the 400 mg/kg dose group.
Pup body weight and developmental landmarks were
unaffected by TCP exposure. Histopathologic changes
were observed in the testes and epididymides of male
rats and in the ovaries of female rats exposed to TCP.
(Copyright (c) 1987 by Elsevier Scientific Publishers
Ireland Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Phosphorus organic compounds,
*Reproduction(Biology), Toxicity, Pathology, Organic
phosphates, Laboratory animals, Rats, Germ cells,
Fertility, Fecundity, Growth, Ovary, Testis, Reprints,
"Toxic substances, "Tritolyl phosphate, Tricresyl
phosphate, Phosphoric acid/tris(methylphenyl) ester.
PB88-214754/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
EPA's (Environmental Protection Agency's) Inte-
grated Air Cancer Program,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.
L. Cupitt, and J. Lewtas. May 88,12p EPA/600/D-88/
114
See also PB86-175437.
The Integrated Air Cancer Project (IACP) is an interdis-
ciplinary research program designed to develop the
scientific methods and data sets needed to identify the
major carcinogenic chemicals in the atmosphere; to
characterize the emission sources and chemical pre-
cursors which give rise to the identified chemicals; and
to improve the methodology and data available for as-
sessing human exposure and risk due to exposure to
airborne carcinogens. The research effort is focused
primarily on characterizing the impact of complex mix-
tures of products of incomplete combustion, including
the gaseous, semi-volatile, and particle-bound organic
species. The first phase of the project focused on the
following: (1) to develop, evaluate, validate, and docu-
ment the sampling and analysis methods necessary to
accomplish the technical research; and (2) to attempt
to extend current source apportionment techniques to
account for the observed mutagenicity of the collected
ambient aerosol samples.
Keywords: "Malignant neoplasms, Carcinogens, Air
pollution, Toxicity, Contaminants, "Carcinogenesis,
'Air toxic substances. Risk assessment.
PB88-214762/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Fish Acute Toxicity Syndromes: Application to the
Development of Mechanism-Specific QSARS
(Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships),
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
S P Bradbury. May 88,14p EPA/600/D-88/115
See also PB88-140512.
Predictive models based on quantitative structure ac-
tivity relationships (QSARs), are used as rapid screen-
ing tools to identify potentially hazardous chemicals.
Several QSARs are now available that predict the
acute toxicity of narcotic-industrial chemicals. Predic-
tions for compounds acting through more specific
modes of action, which are generally more toxic, re-
quire alternative models. Current efforts are focused
on characterizing a toxic mode of action database
from which the structural requirements for specific
mechanisms can be elucidated. Approaches include
application of joint toxicity theory for chemical mixtures
and the assessment of fish acute toxicity syndromes,
that is, distinct sets of in vivo rainbow trout (Salmo
gairdneri) toxic responses that correspond to specific
1080 Vol. 90, No. 24
modes of action. By measuring a number of respirato-
ry-cardiovascular variables, response sets associated
with nonpolar and polar narcotics, oxidative phosphor-
ylation uncouplers, respiratory membrane irritants, res-
piratory inhibitors, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, and
central nervous system seizure agents have been de-
scribed.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, "Toxicology, "Aquatic bi-
ology, "Trout, Mathematical models, Information sys-
tems, Narcotics, Cardiovascular system, Respiratory
system, Industrial wastes. Hazardous materials, Cho-
linesterase inhibitors, Toxic substances, "Salmo gaird-
neri.
PB88-214770/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Bioindicators In Air Pollution Research: Applica-
tions and Constraints,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. T. Tingey. May 88,14p EPA/600/D-88/116
See also PB84-156280.
Physical and chemical measurements of air pollutants
provide a precise measure of pollutant exposure which
is frequently used to estimate probable biological im-
pacts. Bioindicators may be classified as either accu-
mulators of the pollutant or reactors to the pollutant.
The ultimate selection of a bioindicator depends on the
pollutant and the ultimate use of the data. A bioindica-
tor should: (1) provide a readily detectable response to
the pollutant; (2) be easy and efficient to use; (3) be
readily related to the response of interest; and (4) have
a distinctive syndrome not readily confused with other
causes. Bioindicators clearly have value in assessing
environmental problems, but, at most, they are only in-
dicators of a problem. Corrective or mitigative actions
require additional data.
Keywords: Exposure, Contaminants, 'Air pollution de-
tection, "Bioindicators.
PB88-214788/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Analysis of Crop Loss for Alternative Ozone Ex-
posure Indices. Symposium paper,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. T. Tingey, W. E. Hogsett, and E. H. Lee. May 88,15p
EPA/600/D-88/118
See also PB86-121548. Prepared in cooperation with
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvatlis, OR.
Defining the appropriate exposure index that 'best' re-
lates plant response to exposure necessitates a con-
sideration of the underlying biological basis for the re-
sponse and a method for characterizing the temporal
variations in pollutant occurrence. Although no single
index was deemed 'best' (in all cases) for relating 0(3)
exposure to plant response, the top-performing expo-
sure indices were those that (1) cumulate the hourly
0(3) concentrations over time, (2) emphasize concen-
trations of 0.06 ppm and higher either by continuous
sigmoid weights or by discrete (0 or 1) weights of the
threshold indices. The 'best' index gave greater weight
to exposures occurring 20 to 40 days before harvest.
When assessing the impact of 0(3) on plant growth,
these findings illustrate the importance of exposure
duration, the importance of repeated peaks, and the
time of increased plant sensitivity.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Air pollution, "Farm crops, Plant
growth, Mathematical models, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Response, Seasonal
variations, Plant physiology, "Air pollution
effects(Plants).
PB88-214796/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Cubic Spline Smoothing: A Useful Tool for Curve
Estimation,
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
M. S. DeHaan. May 88,10p EPA/600/D-88/082
Contract EPA-68-03-3246
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Data analysis frequently involves fitting curves to data.
Often the investigator has no idea what the underlying
functional relationship is and ordinary functions or
polynomials fit poorly. This is especially common with
experimental data that has a lot of noise and/or meas-
urement error in it. In these cases, spline smoothing
can be used to estimate and fit curves with excellent
results. Nonparametric cubic spline smoothing is a re-
markably accurate and widely applicable approach to
curve estimation that has been inexplicably underuti-
lized. This powerful tool can be used in the exploratory,
descriptive, and predictive stages of bivariate data
analysis. Many examples of curve fitting using spline
smoothing are given Smoothing splines are compared
to several other common methods of curve fitting.
Methods are detailed for implementing spline smooth-
ing on SAS software.
Keywords: 'Curve fitting, Regression analysis, Least
squares method, Polynomials, Mathematical predic-
tion, 'Spline functions, Computer software.
PB88-214804/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Sample Accountability Quality Assurance for the
'Integrated Air Cancer Project' Research Program
of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.	a
R. R. Watts, and L. T. Cupitt. 1987,6p EPA/600/J-87/
347
Jnl. of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists
v70n6p1069-1072 1987.
A sample accountability quality assurance (QA) pro-
gram is described for a field and laboratory research
effort which resulted in collection of approximately
2000 samples for analysis by several EPA and con-
tractor laboratories. A QA program was specifically de-
veloped for this research program to include sample
transfer from collection site to storage maintenance,
record development, transfer to researchers, and
sample tracking at all stages. A sample identification
system and sample custody records are described for
field and laboratory application. The functions of a
sample coordinator are also described as relating to
sample custody, coordination of sample analysis with
researchers, and development of computer record
files to facilitate research and sample tracking.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Sampling, "Quality assur-
ance, Accountability, Collection, Analyzing, Transfer-
ring, Storage, Identification systems,
Tracking(Position), Reprints, "Integrated air cancer
project.
PB88-214911/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab
EPA/NO AA/NASA/USOA N20 Workshop. Volume
1. Measurement Studies and Combustion
Source*, September 15-16,1987, Boulder, Colora-
do. Rept. for Jun 87-Apr 88,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA
J. C. Kramlich, R. K. Lyon, and W. S. Lanier. May 88
84p EPA/600/8-88/079
Contract EPA-68-02-4247
See also PB87-113742. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report documents activities during a portion of the
second workshop on atmospheric nitrous oxide (N20)
at Boulder, Colorado, on September 15-16, 1987
Among workshop goals were; to provide an opportuni-
ty for a more timely exchange of information among re-
searchers than would otherwise be possible through
normal technical channels; to prioritize the research
that is needed to determine if atmospheric N20 is a
problem; and to understand the importance of various
sources and sinks. The technical discussion involved
three areas: (1) measurement approaches, (2) com-
bustion sources of N20, and (3) biogenic sources of
N20. Within each area, the focus was on using the
best current understanding to develop the research
priorities needed to assess the severity of the N20
problem. The volume focuses on the first two areas:
Volume II is to focus on the third.	*
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxide(N20), 'Combustion *Air
pollution control, "Meetings, Measurement, Sources.
Graphs(Charts), Stationary sources.
PB88-214929/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Overview of Problems and Utilization of Patholnl
gy Data for Carcinogen Assessment,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington Dr
Carcinogen Assessment Group.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Long-term animal tests, particularly in laboratory ro-
dents, are referred to as bioassays. The animal bioas-
say is still the most commonly employed method tor
detecting potential human chemical carcinogens. The
use of the pathology data, particularly the tumor data,
derived from these animal studies for carcinogen risk
assessment, both qualitative and quantitative, is not
without its problems. These problems could be sub-
stantially reduced if the mechanisms of tumor forma-
tion and progression were elucidated. Although more
recent animal studies are incorporating methods for
determining such mechanisms, the state of the au-
thors present knowledge is such that assumptions as
to these mechanisms is the accepted, not the pre-
ferred, method. Many of these problems, therefore,
are not solvable until the appropriate mechanisms are
clarified. At the present time, the best method appears
to be the practical approach taken by many groups.
Keywords: "Pathology, Bioassays, Carcinogens, Data
analysis.
PB88-214937/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Flares as a Means of Destroying Volatile Organic
and Toxic Compounds. Rept. for 1980-87,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
R. C. McCrillis. May 88, 28p EPA/600/D-88/106
The paper discusses the use of flares to destroy vola-
tile organic and toxic compounds. Flares are used to
destroy industrial gases from which the heating cannot
be economically recovered. Results of an EPA investi-
gation of overall flare combustion efficiency and spe-
cific compound destruction efficiency, using a large
pilot scale facility built in 1982, show that, for the gases
tested, combustion and destruction efficiencies are
above 98% if the ratio (lower heating value of gas
being flared)/(minimum lower heating value required
for stable combustion) is greater than 1.2. If this stabili-
ty ratio falls below 1.2, the efficiencies fall rapidly,
reaching zero when the flame goes out. The results
also show that the stability limit is strongly influenced
by the velocity and lower heating value of the gas leav-
ing the flare tip and the design of the flare tip. A pilot
flame can improve stability oy extending the stable
combustion regime to lower values of the lower heat-
ing value. Air and steam assist, used to reduce smok-
ing, can affect combustion efficiency only if the assist
gas flow rate is excessive.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Combustion,
•Flares, Volatility, Toxicity, Gases, Combustion effi-
ciency, Destruction, Decontamination, 'Volatile organ-
ic compounds, 'Stationary sources, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB88-214945/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Emissions of Metals and Organlcs from Four Mu-
nicipal Wastewater Sludge Incinerators: Prelimi-
nary Data,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
H. E. Bostian, E. P. Crumpler, M. A. Palazzolo, K. W.
Barnett, and R. M. Dykes. May 88, 31 p EPA/600/D-
88/110
Contract EPA-6B-01 -6999
See also PB86-123569. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper presents preliminary results from a U.S.
EPA test program on municipal wastewater sludge in-
cinerators. The major objectives of the program were
the following: (1) collecting data that allow a compari-
son of metals and organic compound emissions during
steady-state and transient incinerator operation, (2)
evaluating scrubber removal efficiencies for specific
compounds, and (3) establishing cause and effect re-
lationships between incinerator operating conditions
and emissions. The technical approach first involved
selection of appropriate test sites. Three sites with
multiple hearth incinerators and one site with a fluid-
ized bed incinerator were selected. Sampling and anal-
ysis plans were then prepared for the overall project
and for each specific site. At the time of preparation of
the paper, testing at all four sites had been completed.
Reported here are preliminary compilations of data
and associated analyses that are now available.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Gas analysis, 'Incinerators,
Sampling, Contaminants, 'Air pollution detection,
'Stationary sources, 'Municipal wastewater sludge.
PB88-214952/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Destruction of Air Emissions Using Catalytic Oxi-
dation,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
M. Kosusko, and G. M. Ramsey. May 88,29p EPA/
600/D-88/107
See also PB88-106166.
The paper discusses key emission stream characteris-
tics and hazardous air pollutant (HAP) characteristics
that affect the applicability of catalytic oxidation as an
air pollution control technique in which volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) and vapor-phase air toxics in an
air emission stream are oxidized with the help of a cat-
alyst. Design of catalytic systems for control of point
source emissions is based on stream-specific charac-
teristics and desired control efficiency. The application
of catalytic oxidation to four types of air emission
sources is discussed: groundwater stripping oper-
ations, graphics arts (heatset printing) facilities, flexo-
graphic printing plants, and latex monomer production.
The characteristics of each emission are discussed
along with the catalytic technology used to control it. In
addition, several catalytic systems are identified for
control of air emissions, along with information about
their technology and their position in the market place.
Finally, some rough economics are presented which
compare catalytic oxidation, carbon adsorption, and
thermal incineration systems.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Hazardous materi-
als, Oxidation, Organic compounds, Volatility, Stream
pollution, Emission, Ground water,
Stripping(Distillation), Graphic arts, Flexography,
Latex, Catalytic oxidation, 'Volatile organic com-
pounds, 'Stationary sources, Point sources.
PB88-214960/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Behavior of Genetically Engineered Microbes In
Natural Environments and Their Potential Use In
situ Reclamation of Contaminated Sites. Symposi-
um paper,
New York Univ., NY. Lab. of Microbial Ecology.
G. Stotzky, M. A. Devanas, and L. R. Zeph. May 88,
75p* EPA/600/D-88/108
Grants EPA-R-809067, EPA-R-812484
See also PB88-214978. Sponsored by Corvallis Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., OR.
A major concern in the eventual use of genetically en-
gineered microbes (GEMs) to reclaim contaminated
soil and water environments is the possible adverse ef-
fects of the introduced GEMS on the homeostasis of
these and associated environments. The majority of
studies with GEMs have been conducted with bacteria,
wherein DNA can be transferred in situ by conjugation,
transduction, and transformation. Although these
phenomea have been demonstrated in a wide spec-
trum of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in
the laboratory, there is sparse information on their oc-
currence in soil, water, and other natural habitats.
Much of the literature on the occurrence of these
phenomea in situ has been recently reviewed and only
some illustrative examples of studies on the survival
of, and genetic transfer by, GEMs in soil will be pre-
sented. Details on the methodlogies used in these
studies can be found in the referenced publications.
Keywords: 'Soils, Bacteria, 'Genetically engineered
microbes, 'Environmental effects, Environmental
issues.
PB88-214978/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Survival of Genetically Engineered Microbes in
the Environment: Effect of Host/Vector Relation-
ship. Symposium paper,
Rutgers - The State Univ., New Brunswick, N J.
M. A. Devanas, and G. Stotzky. May 88,41 p* EPA/
600/D-88/109
Grants EPA-R-809067, EPA-R-812484
See also PB88-214980. Prepared in cooperation with
New York Univ., NY. Lab. of Microbial Ecology. Spon-
sored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
The fate and survival of genetically engineered mi-
crobes is dependent on the survival, establishment,
and growth of the microbial host, as well as on the
maintenance, replication, and segregation of the re-
combinant plasmids within the bacterial host popula-
tion. The interactions of the host and vector with each
other and the environment influence the ability of the
novel microbe to survive, grow, and possibly transfer
its genetic information. Several of these host-vector
interactions, i.e., plasmid maintenance, bacterial host
fitness, physiological changes in the bacterial host,
and gene transfer, have been studied using genetically
engineered plasmids. These studies indicate that cer-
tain biotic factors, such as competition between the
engineered microbe and the indigenous microbiota,
generation time, plasmid size and copy number, and
abiotic factors, such as clay minerals, nutrients, and
moisture, influence the survival of any genetic transfer
by engineered microbes in the environment.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Survival, Environment, 'Geneti-
cally engineered microbes, 'Environmental fate, 'Bio-
logical adaptation, Ecosystems.
PB88-214986/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Proceedings: United States/Japan Conference on
Sewage Treatment Technology (11th), Held in
Tokyo, Japan on October 12-14,1987.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Apr 88, 828p* EPA/600/9-88/010
See also PB87-157251.
The publication contains Japanese and American
papers presented at the Eleventh United States-Japan
Conference on Sewage Treatment Technology held in
Tokyo, Japan, October 12-14,1987. The proceedings
of the conference comprise a useful body of knowl-
edge on advances in wastewater treatment technol-
ogies. Subject matter covered includes potable water
reuse; innovative and alternative technology; water
quality; fine pore aeration; chemical and biological
phosphorus removal; municipal sludge; sludge man-
agement and energy production; toxic substances and
biomonitoring among others. The publication is unique
in that it presents, in English, comprehensive informa-
tion on wastewater treatment and research being con-
ducted in Japan.
Keywords: 'Proceedings, 'Sewage treatment, 'Water
pollution control, Japan, United States, Waste water,
Water treatment, Water quality, Aeration, Phosphorus,
Pollution monitoring, Nutrients, Incinerators, Heat re-
covery, Flood control, Chemical removal (Sewage
treatment), Electric power generation, Toxic sub-
stances, Biotechnology, Sewage sludge, Heat bal-
ance, Environment management.
PB88-214994/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Calculation of the Final Acute Value for Water
Quality Criteria for Aquatic Organisms,
Wisconsin Univ.-Superior. Center for Lake Superior
Environmental Studies.
R. J. Erickson, and C. E. Stephen. Jun 88,63p EPA/
600/3-88/018
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth,
MN.
The Final Acute Value (FAV) for a material, which is an
integral part of the procedure for deriving water quality
criteria for aquatic organisms, is an estimate of the fifth
percentile ot a statistical population represented by
the set of Mean Acute Values (MAV) available for the
material, a MAV being the concentration of the materi-
al that causes a specified level of acute toxicity to
aquatic organisms in some taxonomic group. A new
procedure for calculating FAVs has been developed
under the assumption that sets of MAVs are random
samples of such populations. Based on examination of
available sets of MAVs, it was inferred that FAV esti-
mation would be best served by assuming that the
populations have a log triangular distribution. Also, be-
cause this or any other assumption will likely not com-
pletely hold over the entire range of data in all sets, it
was judged that FAV estimation should be based on
subset of the data near the fifth percentile. Major modi-
fications of the new procedure were found to result
either in only minor changes in FAVs or in FAVs at vari-
ance with the data.
Keywords: Toxicity, Concentration(Composition), Con-
taminants, Samples, Statistical analysis, Ecology
'Water quality criteria, 'Aquatic organisms, Final acute
value.
PB88-215009/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
National Surface Water Survey: Analysis of Data
from Long-Term Monitoring of Lakes,
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
A. D. Newell, C. F. Powers, and S. J. Christie. Jun 87,
168p EPA/600/4-87/014
See also PB88-133749. Sponsored by Corvallis Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., OR.
The Long-Term Monitoring Project was originally de-
signed to monitor trends in low Acid neutralizing ca-
pacity (ANC) surface waters across a gradient of acidic
atmospheric deposition. Only lake data are presented
in the report. A total of 121 lakes in four regions of the
U.S. were sampled. Historical data were available for
some subregions, resulting in a 7-year record of sea-
sonal samples. Due to this short period of record and
to the inconsistent sampling schedules of the historical
data, trend analysis was not performed on the Long-
Term Monitoring Project data; however, the data were
useful for examination of design aspects for a monitor-
ing program.
Keywords: "Acidification, 'Precipitation(Meteorology),
* Air pollution, 'Water pollution, 'Lakes, Sampling, His-
tory, Seasonal variations, Water chemistry, Monitoring,
Regression analysis, Quality control, Design, Labora-
tories, Accuracy, Chemical analysis, Comparison,
United States, 'Water quality data, Acid precipitation.
PB88-215231 /HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstration of Pesticide
Products Containing Aliethrln Stereoisomers as
the Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
24 Mar 88,290p EPA/540/RS-88/063
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of date requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Genetics, Stereo-
chemistry, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials,
Agricultural products, Public health, Regulations, Ecol-
ogy, Manufacturing, Toxicology, Registration, Insecti-
cides, Acaricides, Blattidae, Formulations, 'Toxic sub-
stances, "Allethrin, Path of pollutants, Federal Insecti-
cide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, CAS 584-79-2,
CAS 28057-48-9, CAS 28434-00-6, CAS 42534-61-2.
PB88-215249/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Mevinphos as the Active In-
gredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
31 Mar 88,186p EPA/540/FIS-88/062
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticides products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes now to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of date requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies viewed by EPA in arriving at
the positions and conclusions contained in the stand-
ard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Genetics, Packag-
ing, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricultural prod-
ucts, Public health, Regulations, Ecology, Manufactur-
ing, Toxicology, Insecticides, Acaricides, Vegetables,
Fruit crops, Formulations, Registration, Residues,
'Toxic substances, 'Mevinphos, Butenoic acid /
((dimethoxyphosphinyl)oxy)-methyl ester, Organo-
phosphates, Path of pollutants, Federal Insecticide
Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, CAS 7786-34-7.
PB88-215264/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.		
Effects of Chronic Exposure to 2, 3, 7, 8,-Tetrach-
lorodibenzo-p-Dioxin on Sister Chromatid Ex-
change Levels in Peripheral Lymphocytes of the
Rhesus Monkey. Journal article,		
Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, Baltimore, MD. Ra
diobiology Lab.
1082 Vol. 90, No. 24
M. Lim, D. Jacobson-Kram, R. E. Bowman, and J. R.
Williams. c1987,8p EPA/600/J-87/360
Grants EPA-R-812535, EPA-R-811685
Pub. in Cell Biology and Toxicology, v3 n3 p279-284
1987. Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Univ -
Madison. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Research and De-
velopment.
Frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges and chro-
mosomal aberrations were examined in peripheral lym-
phocytes of Rhesus monkeys that had been fed a diet
containing 25 parts per trillion 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodi-
benzo-p-dioxin for a period of 4 years. When com-
pared to non-exposed control animals, no significant
differences were noted for either of these cytogenetic
end points. In addition, there was not a significant dif-
ference in sister chromatid exchange response to a
challenge dose of mitomycin C in cells from 2,3,7,8-te-
trachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin exposed animals compared
to controls. The results confirm the lack of genotoxic
effects associated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-
dioxin exposure.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Hazardous materials, Labora-
tory animals, Monkeys, Chromosomes, Reprints,
'Toxic substances, 'Dibenzodioxin/tetrachloro,
'Chronic exposure, 'Chromosome aberrations, Lym-
phocytes, Cytogenetics.
PB88-215272/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Electrochemical Detection of Hydroxyl Free Radi-
cal Adducts to Deoxyguanosine,
Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma
City.
R. A. Floyd, and P. K. Wong. cMay 88,11 p EPA/600/
D-88/117
Grant EPA-R-812710
Pub. in DNA Repair, A Laboratory Manual of Research
Procedures, v3 p419-426 1988. Sponsored by Corval-
lis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
There is now rather convincing evidence that oxygen
free radicals are involved in some aspects of aging, ar-
thritis, and tumor initiation and promotion. Oxygen free
radicals may also be involved in tissue damage occur-
ring in ischemia, ionizing irradiation, ozone damage,
high-pressure oxygen therapy, and processes involved
in leukocyte phagocytosis as well as in the toxic action
of several drugs. It is important to examine oxygen free
radical reactions with DNA as primary mediating as-
pects of the action of these species. One product
formed by hydroxyl free radical addition to DNA, (8-
OHdG), can be very sensitively quantitated using
LCED methodology. The presence of this modified nu-
cleoside within DNA may have important biological
consequences. This chapter is concerned with as-
pects of LCED methodology as a technique to quanti-
tate the 8-OHdG content in the DNA of biological sys-
tems.
Keywords: "Chemical detection, 'Toxicity, 'Free radi-
cals, Electrolytic analysis, Etiology, Pathology, In vivo
analysis, Addition reactions, Nucleosides, Deoxyribon-
ucleic acid. Drugs, Neoplasms, Ionization, Leukocytes,
Ozone, Tissues(Biolojjy), Arthritis, Aging(Biology),
'Hydroxyl radicals, 'Environmental health, 'Deoxy-
guanosine, High press oxygen therapy.
PB88-215280/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Benomyl-lnduced Craniocerebral Anomalies in
Fetuses of Adequately Nourished and Protein-De-
prived Rats. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
W. G. Ellis, J. L. Semple, E. R. Hoogenboom, F. J.
Zeman, and R. J. Kavlock. C1987,21 p EPA/600/J-87/
346
Pub. in Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagen-
esis, V7 p357-375 1987. Prepared in cooperation with
California Univ., Davis. School of Medicine.
Benomyl, a benzimidazole fungicide, produced cranio-
cerebral and systemic malformations in fetal rats when
administered by gavage in doses of 31.2, 62.5, and
125 mg/kg of maternal body weight on days 7-21 of
gestation. Malformations increased in incidence and
severity with increasing benomyl dosage and nearly
doubled when coupled with a protein efficent diet. Pro-
tein deficiency alone produced only decreased fetal
weight. High benomyl doses produced higher percent-
ages of fetal resorptions and late fetal deaths, and
these percentages also increased with protein defi-
ciency. The most common combination of anomalies
was hydrocephalus, exencephaly, and periventricular
'overgrowth'. Common systemic malformations includ-
ed cleft palate, micromelia, hydroureter, and mishapen
tails. No fetus was entirely normal at the highest beno-
myl dose. Thus, it is suggested that benomyl, coupled
with a protein-deficient diet, offers a teratogenic model
with a spectrum of abnormalities similar to hypervita-
minosis A but with a higher yield of specific craniocere-
bral anomalies. (Copyright (c) 1987 Alan R. Liss, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Reproduction(Biology), 'Toxicity, Rats,
Laboratory animals, Abnormalities, Embryos, Benzimi-
dazoles, Fungicides, Proteins, Diets, Dosage, Re-
prints, 'Benomyl, 'Environmental health, Microtu-
bules, Tubulin, Brain diseases, Mitosis, Cell migration
inhibition.
PB88-215298/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Importance of Glutathione In the Acquisition and
Maintenance of Sperm Nuclear Decondensing Ac-
tivity in Maturing Hamster Oocytes. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
S. D. Perreault, R. R. Barbee, and V. L. Slott. 1988 9p
EPA/600/J-88/013
Pub. in Developmental Biology, v125 p181-186, 1988.
Sperm nuclear decondensing activity in mammalian
oocytes is dependent upon trie maturational state of
the oocyte. It is maximal in mature, metaphase II oo-
cytes and minimal or absent in immature germinal vesi-
cle (GV) and fertilized pronuclear oocytes. Previous
studies suggested that this difference may be due to
the relative ability of an oocyte to reduce the protamine
disulfide bonds in the sperm nucleus. The results of
the present study show that mature hamster oocytes
contain significantly more glutathione (GSH), about 8
mM, and hence more disulfide reducing power, as
compared with GV (4 mM) or pronuclear (6 mM) oo-
cytes. Furthermore, the acquisition of sperm nuclear
decondensing activity by maturing oocytes can be pre-
vented or delayed by blocking GSH synthesis with L-
buthionine-S,R-sulfoximine during the early stages of
oocyte maturation. This is the first evidence that modu-
lation of GSH levels during oocyte maturation and fer-
tilization may be a mechanism by which sperm nuclear
decondensing activity is regulated.
Keywords: 'Glutathione, 'Germ cells
'Reproduction(Biology), Cell nucleus, Protamines]
Hamsters, Laboratory animals, Maturation, Reprints,
'Oocytes, 'Fertilization, 'Sperm-ovum interactions!
Chromatin, Oxidation-reduction reactions, Nuclear de-
condensing activity. Ovulation.
PB88-215306/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Direct Analysis of Rat Bile for Acetaminophen
and Two of Its Conjugated Metabolites via Thar-
mospray Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spec-
trometry. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Veaas
NV.	u ^
L. D. Betowski, W. A. Korfmacher, J. O. Lay, D. W.
Potter, and J. A. Hinson. 1987,7p EPA/600/J-87/351
Pub. in Biomedical and Environmental Mass Spec-
trometry, v14 p705-709, 1987. Prepared in coopera-
tion with National Center for Toxicological Research
Jefferson, AR.
Bile from rats treated with acetaminophen was ana-
lyzed by direct injection onto a thermospray liquid
chromatography/mass spectrometry system. Two
conjugated metabolites of acetaminophen were sepa-
rated by the high-pressure liquid chromatographic
system and analyzed by mass spectrometry. The con-
jugates were identified as the glutathione-acetamino-
phen conjugate and the glucuronide-acetaminophen
conjugate by comparison of the chromatographic re-
tention times and the mass spectra to that of the syn-
thetic standards. No evidence of acetaminophen me-
tabolites was observed when bile samples were sub-
jected to direct analysis by fast atom bombardment
mass spectrometry.
Keywords: 'Bile, 'Mass spectroscopy, Acetanilides
Chemical analysis, Metabolism, Laboratory animals!
Reprints, 'Acetaminophen, Acetanilide/hydroxy, Acet!
amide/hydroxyphenyl, High pressure liquid chroma*
tography, Thermospray liquid chromatography, Qiutal
thione-acetaminophen conjugate, Glucuronide-acets
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-2158S4/HSU	CP DOS
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) (for
IBM PC/AT Microcomputers). Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
R. Picardi, and J. Swartout. 31 May 88,4 diskettes*
EPA/DF/DK-88/049
See also PB88-215892.
The data file is contained on 5 1 /4-inch, double sided,
double density diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC/
AT microcomputer. The diskettes are in the ASCII
format.
The Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), an on-
line database of chemical-specific risk information,
was made available outside EPA. IRIS provides infor-
mation on how chemicals affect human health and is a
primary source of EPA risk assessment information on
chemicals of environmental concern. The principal
section of IRIS is the chemical files. The chemical files
contain: oral and inhalation reference doses for non-
carcinogens; oral and inhalation carcinogen assess-
ments; summarized Drinking Water Health Advisories;
summaries of selected EPA regulations; supplementa-
ry data (for example, acute toxicity information and
physical-chemical properties). The two primary types
of health assessment information in IRIS are reference
doses and carcinogen assessments. Reference doses
are estimated human chemical exposures over a life-
time which are just below the expected threshold for
adverse health effects. Because exposure assess-
ment pertains to exposure at a particular place, IRIS
cannot provide situational information on exposure.
IRIS can be used with an exposure assessment to
characterize the risk of chemical exposure. This risk
characterization can be used to decide what must be
done to protect human health. Oral reference doses
(RfD) are provided for most of the chemicals in IRIS
and carcinogen slope factors are provided for some.
Inhalation reference doses are not yet available in
IRIS. Inhalation reference doses will be added after
the Agency produces a methodology for developing
these RfDs. For more information on IRIS call IRIS
User Support at (513) 569-7254 or FTS 684-7254.
Keywords; 'Data file, 'Chemical compounds, "Toxici-
ty, 'Dosage, Information systems, Air pollution, Water
pollution, Diskettes, 'Risk assessments, 'Integrated
Risk Information System, 'IRIS system, 'Reference
doses, Toxic hazards, Carcinogens, Data bases, On
line systems.
PB68-215892/HSU	CP D06
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) (for
IBM PC Microcomputers). Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
R. Picardi, and J. Swartout. 1988,12 diskettes* EPA/
DF/DK-88/050
See also PB88-215884.
The data file is contained on 5 1 /4-inch, double sided,
double density diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC
microcomputer. Diskettes are in the ASCII format.
The Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), an on-
line database of chemical-specific risk information,
was made available outside EPA. IRIS provides infor-
mation on how chemicals affect human health and is a
primary source of EPA risk assessment information on
chemicals of environmental concern. It is intended to
serve as a guide for the hazard identification and dose-
response assessment steps of EPA risk assessments.
The principal section of IRIS is the chemical files. The
chemical files contain: oral and inhalation reference
doses for noncarcinogens; oral and inhalation carcino-
gen assessments; summarized Drinking Water Health
Advisories; summaries of selected EPA regulations;
supplementary data (for example, acute toxicity infor-
mation and physical-chemical properties). The two pri-
mary types of health assessment information in IRIS
are reference doses and carcinogen assessments.
Reference doses are estimated human chemical ex-
posures over a lifetime which are just below the ex-
pected threshold for adverse health effects. Because
exposure assessment pertains to exposure at a par-
ticular place, IRIS cannot provide situational informa-
tion on exposure. IRIS can be used with an exposure
assessment to characterize the risk of chemical expo-
sure. This risk characterization can be used to decide
what must be done to protect human health. Oral refer-
ence doses (RfD) are provided for most of the chemi-
cals in IRIS and carcinogen slope factors are provided
for some. Inhalation reference doses are not yet avail-
able in IRIS. Inhalation reference doses will be added
after the Agency produces a methodology for develop-
ing these RfDs. For more information on IRIS call IRIS
User Support at (513) 569-7254 or FTS 684-7254.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Chemical compounds, 'Toxici-
ty, 'Dosage, Information systems, Air pollution, Water
pollution, Diskettes, 'Risk assessments, "Integrated
Risk Information System, *IRIS system, 'Reference
doses, Toxic hazards, Carcinogens, Data bases, On
line systems.
PB88-216106/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Low-Level and NARM Radioactive Wastes Model
Documentation PRESTO-EPA-POP. Volume 1.
Methodology Manual. Final rept.,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
D. E. Fields, C. A. Little, F. Parraga, V. Rogers, and C.
Hung. Dec 87,188p EPA/ 520/1 -87/024/1
See also Volume 2, PB88-216114 and PB88-197280.
This is a two volume documentation that provides the
background information on the mathematical modeling
used to generate the basic data for the Environmental
Impact Statement (EIS) which is used to support EPA's
rulemaking for generally applicable environmental
standards for the management and disposal of low-
level radioactive wastes (LLW), Volume 1 presents the
theoretical bases of the mathematical model and their
implemented computer code for the assessment of the
cumulative population health effects to the general
population residing in the downstream regional basin
of a LLW disposal site.
Keywords: 'Low-level radioactive wastes, Mathemati-
cal models, Radioactive waste facilities, Environmen-
tal transport, Environmental exposure pathway, Radi-
ation doses, Health hazards, Groundwater, Atmos-
pheric dispersion, PRESTO-EPA computer programs.
PB88-216114/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Low-Level and NARM Radioactive Wastes. Model
Documentation PRESTO-EPA-POP. Volume 2.
Users Manual. Final rept.,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
D. E. Fields, C. A. Little, F. Parraga, V. Rogers, and C.
Hung. Dec 87,260p EPA/520/1 -024/2
See also Volume 1, PB88-216106.
This is a two volume documentation that provides the
background information on the mathematical modeling
used to generate the basic data for the Environmental
Impact State (EIS) which is used to support EPA's rule-
making for generally applicable environmental stand-
ards for the management and disposal of low-level ra-
dioactive wastes (LLW). Volume 2 provides the infor-
mation on the structure of the computer code and how
it is used in the health effects assessments. The two
volumes present enough detail so that interested per-
sons may apply the model, using appropriate and ap-
plicable input data, for assessing the cumulative popu-
lation health effects from a LLW disposal site.
Keywords: 'Low-level radioactive wastes, Mathemati-
cal models, Health hazards, Environmental exposure
pathway, User manuals(Computer programs),
PRESTO-EPA computer programs.
PB88-216866/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistratlon of Pesticide
Products Containing Cryolite as the Active Ingre-
dient. April 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Apr 88,132p EPA/540/RS-88/089
See also report dated Jun 83, PB87-110300.
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of date requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Cryolite, Standards, Guide-
lines, Genetics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materi-
als, Agricultural products, Public health, Regulations,
Ecology, Toxicology, 'Toxic substances, "Sodium
fluoaluminate, 'Reregistration, Path of pollutants, Fed-
eral Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, CAS
15096-52-3.
PB88-216874/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 158: Allethrin Ster-
eoisomers.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
24 Mar 88, 10p" EPA/540/FS-88/064
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred: (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard; (2) Issuance of each
special review document; (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern; (4) Registration of a new
chemical; or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, In-
secticides, Toxic tolerances, Standards, "Toxic sub-
stances, "Allethrin, Chemical information fact sheet.
Environmental fate, Use patterns, CAS 584-79-2, CAS
28434-00-6, CAS 42534-61 -2.
PB88-216882/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 161: Coal Tar/Creo-
sote.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Apr 88, 8p EPA/540/FS-88/067
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Coal tar, 'Creosote, Hazard-
ous materials, Chemical properties, Regulations, Toxi-
cology, Ecology, Wood preservatives, Fungicides,
Bactericides, Insect repellents, Toxic tolerances,
Standards, "Toxic substances, Chemical information
fact sheet, Environmental fate, Use patterns.
PB88-216890/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 160: Pseudomonas
Fluorescens EG-1053.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
3 Mar 88,7p EPA/540/FS-88/068
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Pseudomonas, Chemical prop-
erties, Fungicides, Toxicology, Ecology, Toxic toler-
ances, Regulations, Pathology, Cotton plants, 'Toxic
substances, 'Pseudomonas fluorescens, Use pat-
terns, Chemical information fact sheet, Infectivity.
PB88-216908/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 162: Harmony 75 DF.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
25 Apr 88,9p" EPA/540/FS-88/071
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (6) An immediate need for information to
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Her-
bicides, Agricultural products, "Toxic substances,
"Harmony 750F, Thiophencarboxylic acid/((methoxy-
methyl-triazinyl)amino-carbonyl)-Sulfonyl-Methyl
ester, Sulfonylurea, Chemical information fact sheet,
Use patterns, CAS 79277-27-3.
PB88-216940/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, New York. Air Pro-
grams Branch.
Photochemically Reactive Organic Compound
Emissions from Consumer and Commercial Prod-
ucts. Final rept..
Science Applications International Corp., McLean, VA.
A. Jones, H. Rich, G. Sewell, M. Rogozen, and M. Katz.
26 Nov 86,184p EPA/902/4-86/001
Contract EPA-68-02-3893
See also PB85-204584. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, New York. Air Programs Branch.
The report estimates the emissions of volatile organic
compounds (VOC) and photochemically reactive or-
ganic compounds (PROC) released from the use of
consumer products in the States of California and New
Jersey, and the New York metropolitan area. The
report describes the data sources and methodologies
that were used to estimate VOC and PROC emissions
from consumer products, and presents emission esti-
mates broken down by consumer product subcategory
and geographic region.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Consumers, "Products de-
velopment, Photochemical reaction, California, New
York, New Jersey, Chemical compounds, "Emission
factors, "Volatile organic compound, "Photochemical-
ly reactive organic compounds.
PB88-217005/HSU	PC A10/MF AO!
Guidance for the Rereglstration of Pesticide
Products Containing Paraquat Dlchloride as the
Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jun 87, 207p" EPA/540/RS-88/091
Supersedes PB87-228524.
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of date requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Pack-
aging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricultural prod-
ucts, Public health, Regulations, Ecology, Manufactur-
ing, Toxicology, Bipyridinium compounds, Desiccant,
Herbicides, Defoliants, Plant regulators, Growth regu-
lators, Registration, "Toxic substances, "Paraquat di-
chloride, Path of pollutants, Bipyridinium dichloride/ di-
methyl, Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide
Act, CAS 1910-42-5.
PB88-217062/HSU	PC E10/MF E04
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Phytoplankton arid Zooplankton In Lakes Erie,
Huron and Michigan: 1984. Volume 1. Interpretive
Report. Final rept. 1984-85,
State Univ. of New York Coll. at Brockport. Dept. of Bi-
ological Sciences.
J C Makarewicz. Mar 87, 295p EPA/905/3-88/001,,
GLPNO-88/03
Grant EPA-R-005772
Includes twenty-four sheets of 24X reduction micro-
fiche Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Chicago, IL. Great Lakes National Program Office.
During the spring, summer and autumn of 1984 and
winter of 1985, the structure of the plankton communi-
ty in the offshore waters of Lakes Erie, Huron and
Michigan was monitored. By examining changes in the
phytoplankton and zooplankton in relation to water
chemistry, evidence was found suggesting little
change in the trophic status of Lake Huron and Michi-
gan while an improvement in the trophic status of Lake
1084 Vol. 90, No. 24
Erie was evident over the past several years. The off-
shore region of Lake Michigan is experiencing
changes in phytoplankton and zooplankton composi-
tion consistent with nutrient control and top-down con-
trol by fish. The appearance and establishment of
Daphnia pulicaria in offshore waters of Lake Huron
suggest a change in the forage fish base.
Keywords: "Plankton, "Water pollution, "Great Lakes,
Monitoring, Lake Erie, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan,
Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, Water chemistry. Nutri-
ents, Biomass, Abundance, Spatial distribution, Algae,
Indicator species, Seasonal variations, Fishes, "Eu-
trophication, Trophic level.
PB88-217575/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Background Document for First Third Wastes to
Support 40 CFR (Code of Federal Regulations)
Part 268 Land Disposal Restrictions. Proposed
Rule. First Third Waste Volumes, Characteristics,
and Required and Available Treatment Capacity.
Part 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Mar 88,147p* EPA/530/SW-88/030A
See also PB88-213368.
The background document discusses the quantities of
First Third wastes affected by today's proposed rule
and assesses the required and available alternative
treatment and recycling capacity for these wastes.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Waste disposal,
"Earth fills, Government policies, Incinerators, Waste
water, Volume, Standards, Capacity, Sludge, Waste
treatment, Solvents, Storage, Availability, Kilns, Re-
covery, Water pollution control, Metal recycling, Fuel
substitution, Dioxins, Environmental Protection
Agency, Land disposal.
PB88-218334/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Measurement and Prediction of Saturation-Pres-
sure Relationships in Three-Phase Porous Media
Systems. Journal article,
Virginia Polytechnic Inst, and State Univ., Blacksburg.
R. J. Lenhard, and J. C. Parker. c1987, 20p EPA/600/
J-87/352
Pub. in Jnl. of Contaminant Hydrology, v1 n4 p407-424
Jun 87. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental
Research Lab., Ada, OK.
Scaled multiphase versions of the Brooks-Corey and
van Genuchten retention functions were used to de-
scribe saturation-capillary pressure curves measured
in air-water, air-organic liquid and organic liquid-water
systems in a sandy porous medium for four organic liq-
uids during monotonic wetting phase drainage. Scaling
was achieved by a linear transformation of capillary
pressures using scaling coefficients which are shown
to be closely predicted by ratios of measured interfa-
cial tensions, providing that the latter are measured on
fluids having contacted the porous media system. The
multiphase version for the van Genuchten function de-
scribed the experimental data with slightly greater pre-
cision than the Brooks-Corey function for all four or-
ganic liquid systems. A technique is introduced to
ensure that when two-phase saturation-capillary pres-
sure measurements are used to predict fluid behavior
in three-phase systems, the estimated parameters
imply an invariate pore geometry pertinent to the de-
scription of a rigid porous medium. (Copyright (c) 1987
Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.)
Keywords: "Capillary pressure, "Porous materials,
"Sands, "Saturated soils, "Fluid boundaries, Air-water
interactions, Interfacial tension, Liquid interfaces, Re-
prints, "Brooks-Corey retention function, "Van Gen-
uchter retention function, Organic loadings.
PB88-218342/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Selective Water Removal in Purge/GC (Gas Chro-
matograph) Analysis of Volatile Aromatics In
Aqueous Samples. Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Ada, OK.
J. W. Cochran. C1987, 5p EPA/600/J-87/355
Contract EPA-68-03-3315
Pub. in Jnl. of High Resolution Chromatography and
Chromatography Communications, v10 p573-575 Oct
87. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Re-
search Lab., Ada, OK.
A gas chromatographic method for volatile aromatics
in which an aqueous sample is purged directly to a
cryogenically cooled, fused silica column uses a
Nation tube drier between the purge vessel and GC
column to selectively remove water from the analyte-
containing purge stream. Volatile aromatics are fo-
cused on the cold capillary column with subsequent
oven temperature programming for GC analysis. Ex-
amples of the technique have been presented on a 5.3
mm, DB-5 column. (Copyright (c) 1987, Dr. Alfred
Huethig Publishers.)
Keywords: "Gas chromatography, "Dewatering, 'Aro-
matic compounds, "Water analysis, Drying apparatus,
Cryogenics, Capillary tubes, Chromatographic analy-
sis, Reprints, "Water pollution detection.
PB88-218359/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Characteristics of Transverse Electric and Mag-
netic Field Transmission Cells at Extremely Low
Frequencies. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
A. W. Wood, W. T. Joines, and C. F. Blackman. c1987
9p EPA/600/J-87/356
Pub. in Bioelectromagnetics, v8 p407-413 Nov 87. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Swinburne Inst, of Tech.,
Hawthorn (Australia).
Transverse electric and magnetic field cells are often
designed to subject samples to electromagnetic radi-
ation of intrinsic impedance (E/H) that is the same as
in free space, 377 ohms. Earlier work has shown this
value to be correct for the RF region. In the study,
measurements of magnetic field in the extremely low
frequency regions and at dc indicate the E/H ratio to
be around 300 ohms for frequencies less than 2 kHz in
cells of a particular design. The lower value may, in
part, be due to a redistribution of current in the central
conductor as the frequency is lowered. (Copvhaht (c.\
AlanR.Liss, Inc., 1987.)	'
Keywords: "Impedance, 'Electromagnetic wave trans-
mission, "Very low frequencies, Electromagnetic radi-
ation, Electric fields, Magnetic fields, Electromagnetic
fields, Measurement, Reprints, "Transverse electric
and magnetic field transmission cells, "TEM ceils.
PB88-218367/HSU	PC A02/MFA01
Comparison of Geostatistlcal Methods for Esti-
mating Virus Inactivation Rates in Ground Water.
Journal article,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab Ada
OK.	w
M. V. Yates, and S. R. Yates. 1987,9p* EPA/600/J-
87/353
Pub. in Water Research, v21 n9p1119-1125 1987.
Enteric viruses are responsible for a large number of
ground-waterborne disease outbreaks every year
Septic tanks are the most frequently cited causes of
ground-water contamination in disease outbreaks
Controlling the placement of septic tanks such that all
viruses would be non-infective by the time the effluent
reached drinking water wells would likely reduce the
number of waterborne viral disease outbreaks. The
study compares different geostatistlcal techniques
(kriging, cokriging, and combined kriging and regres-
sion) that estimate virus inactivation rates in ground
water. These estimates were used with the regional
ground-water flow characteristics to estimate seotic
tank setback distances over a city-wide area. Corr£
bined kriging and regression, which eliminates the
need for laboratory values of virus inactivation rates bv
using the linear regression relationship between tem-
perature and inactivation rates, produced comparable
results to the other two methods, yet reduced the cost'
of the analysis considerably.	^
Keywords: "Enteroviruses, "Ground water, 'Sentjc
tanks, Water pollution, Mathematical prediction, Statia!
tics, Temperature, Water wells, Survival, Reprints*
"Water pollution effects(Humans), Path of pollutant*
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-218375/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Numerical Simulation of Three-Dimensional Tuft
Corona and Eiectrohydrodynamics. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
T. Yamamoto, and 1. E. Sparks. C1986,8p EPA/600/
J-86/464
Pub. in IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics En-
gineers) Transactions on Industry Applications, v1 A-22
n5 p880-885 Sep-Oct 86. Prepared in cooperation with
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The numerical simulation of three-dimensional tuft
corona and eiectrohydrodynamics (EHD) is discussed.
The importance of high-voltage and low-current oper-
ation in the wire-duct precipitator has focused atten-
tion on collecting high-resistivity dust. The local current
density of individual tufts is considerably higher even
at a low average current level and, therefore, could
contribute to both the formation of back corona in the
collected-dust layer and the generation of the second-
ary flow. Numerical simulation for three-dimensional
tuft corona is successfully solved. The electrical char-
acteristics of tuft corona are investigated, and the
structure and role of the three-dimensional secondary
flow and EHD in relation to transport of the fine parti-
cles are described.
Keywords: 'Eiectrohydrodynamics, "Electric corona,
•Numerical analysis, Dust, Precipitators, Dust collec-
tors, Air pollution, Electrostatic precipitators, Particle
size distribution, Three dimensional flow, Electric con-
ductivity.
PB88-218383/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Microbial Degradation of Pesticides in Freshwater
Streams,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
D. L. Lewis, and D. K. Gattie. Jun 88,35p* EPA/600/
D-88/119
Prepared in cooperation with Technology Applications,
Inc., Athens, GA.
An overview is provided of studies of the microbial
degradation of pesticides in streams, including re-
search to understand the kinetics governing the rates
of degradation. Most of these projects have related to
the development of mathematical models that predict
degradation of a variety of chemicals under a range of
stream conditions. Preliminary findings by the authors
concerning pesticide degradation rates of aquatic
plants and their associated microflora are included.
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Fresh water, 'Stream pollu-
tion, Reaction kinetics, Mathematical models, 'Micro-
bial degradation.
PB88-218391/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Abiotic Transformations of Toxic Organic Chemi-
cals In the Liquid Phase and Sediments,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
N. L. Wolfe. Jun 88,27p* EPA/600/D-88/120
Analyses of selected groundwater databases provide
insight into the abiotic reaction conditions that occur in
subsurface ecosystems. With this information it is pos-
sible to impose boundaries on the activity of selected
chemical species in porous media and narrow the
ranges of reactivities to be studied in quantifying abiot-
ic transformation processes. The groundwater param-
eters that are addressed here are, pH, oxygen levels,
and organic carbon content. These data suggest that
neutral or pH independent hydrolysis would be the
more important process for many organic compounds
in groundwater systems than would alkaline of acid hy-
drolysis pathways. Also the data suggest that, for abi-
otic redox transformation reactions of organic com-
pounds, reductive processes would be more impor-
tant. Based on the knowledge of the kinetics of abiotic
hydrolysis of selected organic compounds in soil and
aquifer samples, it appears that sorption affects the
observed hydrolysis rate constant depending on the
hydrolytic pathway.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, "Aquatic ecosys-
tems, 'Organic compounds, Sediments, Ground
water, Toxicity, Toxicology, Oxidation reduction reac-
tions, Hydrolysis, Sorption, Ecology, Reaction kinetics,
"Toxic substances, Environmental effects.
PB88-218409/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 165: Isocyanurates.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
8 Mar 88, 8p* EPA/540/FS-88/076
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Her-
bicides, Agricultural products, 'Chlorinated isocyanur-
ates, 'Potassium dichloroisocyanurate, 'Isocyanuric
acid/dichloro, Chemical information fact sheet, Use
patterns, Science findings, CAS 2782-57-2, CAS 2244-
21-5, CAS 2893-78-9, CAS 87-90-1, CAS 30622-37-8,
CAS 51580-86-0.
PB88-218417/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 2.1: Cryolite.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Apr 88,9p* EPA/540/FS-88/070
Supersedes PB87-116109.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Reoistration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, In-
secticides, Toxic tolerances, Standards, Agricultural
products, 'Toxic substances, "Cryolite, Sodium fluoa-
luminate, Chemical information fact sheet, CAS
15096-52-3, Environmental fate, Use patterns.
PB88-218425/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 163: Lactic Add.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
29 Apr 88,7p* EPA/540/FS-88/072
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Lactic acid, "Growth regula-
tors, Hazardous materials, Chemical properties, Regu-
lations, Toxicology, Ecology, Plant hormones, Agricul-
tural products, Propanoic acid/hydroxy, Chemical in-
formation fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings,
CAS 79-33-4, Environmental fate.
PB88-218433/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Receptor Modeling Results from the Integrated
Air Cancer Project,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
C. W. Lewis, R. K. Stevens, R. E. Baumgardner, R. B.
Zweidinger, and L. T. Cupitt. Jun 88,9p EPA/600/D-
88/127
EPA's Integrated Air Cancer Project has produced
comprehensive winter time ambient air data bases
from three widely separated airsheds (Albuquerque,
NM, Raleigh, NC, Boise, ID), which were anticipated to
be heavily impacted by residential woodsmoke and
motor vehicle emissions, but little else. Because of the
simplicity of the airsheds a relatively simple multiple
linear regression method using tracers based on po-
tassium and lead or bromine has been successful in
apportioning ambient fine particle extractable organics
and mutagenicity. A comparison of receptor modeling
results from all three cities shows a general consisten-
cy between the three cities, and with earlier mutagenic
potency measurements from direct source testing.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Carcinogens, Malignant
neoplasms, Mutagens, Sources, Emission, 'Cancers,
Air sampling, Data bases.
PB88-218441/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Troubleshooting an Existing Treatment Plant,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research Div.
G. S. Logsdon, L. Mason, and J. B. Stanley. Jun 88,
21 p* EPA/600/D-88/126
Prepared in cooperation with Carrollton, GA., and Keck
and Wood, Atlanta, GA.
The paper reviews the procedures used during the in-
vestigation of the Carrollton Water Filtration Plant in
February, 1987, at the time of a waterborne outbreak
caused by Cryptosporidium. Recommendations for im-
provements in equipment and operating procedures
are given, and the changes made are described. Infor-
mation is presented on present water quality vs. quality
before the outbreak. Improvements to the 8 MGD plant
have cost about $300,000.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, Filtration, Turbidi-
ty, Coagulation, Spores, Performance standards, Sam-
ples, Equipment, 'Water treatment plants, 'Water
quality management, Troubleshooting, Procedures,
Cryptosporidium.
PB88-2184S8/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Structure-Activity Relationships in Developmental
Toxicology,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
R. J. Kavlock. Jun 88,12p EPA/600/D-88/125
As in other related disciplines, researchers in develop-
mental toxicology have pursued the goal of defining
structure-activity relationships within chemical classes.
Due to the inherent complexity of developmental proc-
esses, however, it has often been difficult to find signif-
icant and predictive relationships between biological
activity and chemical structure in the area. The review
covers four examples of such efforts. Each ap-
proached the problem with different levels of experi-
mental or statistical sophistication. Finally, comments
are provided on how future research efforts may be
constructed to improve the probability of overall suc-
cess.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Chemical compounds,
'Chemical reactivity, Molecular structures, Aliphatic
acids, Phenols, Fungicides, Retinoids.
PB88-218466/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide-Induced Immune Alterations,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
R. J. Smialowicz. Jun 88,13p EPA/600/D-88/124
This is a brief review of the literature dealing with the
effects of pesticides on the immune system of experi-
mental animals.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Pesticides, Labora-
tory animals, Exposure, 'Health effects, 'Immune al-
terations, 'Toxic substances.
PB88-218474/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trlanale
Park, NC.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Cyclopenta
Epoxides of PAH (Polycycllc Aromatic Hydrocar-
bons) Containing Peripherally Fused Cyclopenta
Rings.
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Public
Health.
A. W. Bartczak, R. Sangaiah, L. M. Ball, and A. Gold.
C1985,15p EPA/600/D-88/123
Grant EPA-R-811817
Pub. in Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Interna-
tional Symposium on a Decade of Progress (10th),
p71-82 1985. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NIC., and American
Cancer Society, Inc., New York.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) containing
peripherally fused cyclopenta rings have been identi-
fied in soots from many different combustion sources.
Metabolism and mutagenicity studies have been re-
ported on the series of four cyclopenta-fused isomers
derived from benzanthracene. On the basis of metabo-
lite profiles and S9 concentration dependence of bac-
terial mutagenicity, it has been suggested that Aroclor
1254-induced rat liver S9 activates
benz(e)aceanthrylene, benz(j)aceanthrylene, and
benz(l)aceanthrylene predominantly via epoxidation of
the cyclopenta ring, while other routes must be in-
volved in the case of benz(k)acephenanthrylene. To
test these conclusions, the cyclopenta epoxides of all
four isomers of the cyclopenta benzanthracene deriva-
tives have been synthesized and their biological activi-
ty evaluated in the Ames assay.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Aromatic polycyclic hydro-
carbons, 'Synthesis(Chemistry), 'Benzathracenes,
'Meetings, Hazardous materials, Combustion,
Sources, Cytochromes, Oxidation, Metabolism, Muta-
gens, Soot, Concentration(Composition), Assaying,
Rats, 'Toxic substances, * Activity(Biology), Cyclo-
penta rings.
PB68-218482/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Overview of Rural Nonpolnt Pollution In the Lake
Erie Basin,
Heidelberg Coll., Tiffin, OH. Water Quality Lab.
D. B. Baker. C1987,30p EPA/600/D-88/122
Grant EPA-R-805436
Pub. in Effects of Conservation Tillage on Groundwat-
er Quality: Nitrates and Pesticides, Chapter 4, p65-91
1987. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.,
Athens, GA.
Cooperative studies by investigators in the United
States and Canada have focused on water pollution
associated with land use activities in the Great Lakes
Basin. The paper presents an overview of nitrate and
pesticide contamination from nonpoint sources, as
well as sediment and phosphorus loads, in the surface
waters of the Lake Erie Basin.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lake Erie Basin, Non-
point sources, Nitrates, Pesticides, Phosphorus, Sedi-
ments, Bed load, Tables(Data).
PB88-218490/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Impacts of Cropland Runoff on Nutrient and Pes-
ticide Concentrations In River Systems,
Heidelberg Coll., Tiffin, OH. Water Quality Lab.
D. B. Baker. Jun 88,22p EPA/600/D-88/121
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Athens,
GA.
The report includes data developed over several years
on the concentrations and loadings of nutrients and
sediments in Lake Erie tributaries. These data illustrate
several characteristics of nutrient and pesticide trans-
port in river systems. In particular, the paper describes
the patterns of concentration change during runoff
events, the variability in material transport from storm
to storm and year to year, the seasonal aspects of
concentrations and loadings, and the effects of water-
shed size on pollutant concentrations and loadings.
Keywords: 'Herbicides, 'Water pollution, 'Lake Erie,
Concentration(Composition), Phosphorus, Inorganic
nitrates, Nitrites, Graphs(Charts), Sediment transport,
Chlorine organic compounds, 'Storm water runoff,
'Atrazine, Organic loading.
PB88-218789/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Car-
bazole.	,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Apr 86,68p EPA/600/X-86/334
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Car-
bazole was prepared for the Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response to support listings of hazardous
constituents of a wide range of waste streams under
«i«rtion 3001 of the Resource Conservation and He-
M(RCRA)and toprovide'health-related Ms
for emergency actions under Section 101 of the Com-
1086 Vol. 90, No. 24
prehensive Environmental Response, Compensation
and Liability Act (CERCLA). Quantitative estimates
have been presented provided sufficient data are
available. Carbazole has been evaluated as a carcino-
gen. The human carcinogen potency factor (q1 *) for
carbazole is .028/(mg/kg/day)-1 for oral exposure.
The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value of 1, 10, 100,
1000 or 5000 pounds is used to determine the quantity
of a hazardous substance for which notification is re-
quired in the event of a release as specified by
CERCLA based on chronic toxicity. Existing data are
insufficient to determine an RQ value.
Keywords: 'Carbazoles, 'Toxicology, Aromatic poly-
cyclic hydrocarbons, Nitrogen heterocyclic com-
pounds, Exposure, Toxicity, 'Health effects, 'Environ-
mental effects, 'Toxic substances, Environmental
fate, Environmental transport, Pharmacokinetics, Risk
assessment.
PB88-218797/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 159: Assert
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Apr 88,9p* EPA/540/FS-88/065
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (S) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Her-
bicides, Agricultural products, 'Toxic substances,
'Assert, Toluic acid/(isopropyl-methyl-oxo-imidazo-
linyl)-methyl ester, Chemical information fact sheet,
Use patterns, Science findings.
PB88-218961/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Proflls for Dlnl-
trotoluene,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 86,191 p EPA/600/X-86/159
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dini-
trotoluene was prepared by the Office of Health and
Environmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria
and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response to support
listings of hazardous constituents of a wide range of
waste streams under Section 3001 of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to pro-
vide health-related limits for emergency actions under
Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Quantitative estimates have been presented
provided sufficient data are available. Dinitrotolene
has been evaluated as a carcinogen. The human car-
cinogen potency factors (q1 *) for 2,4-, 2,6- and techni-
cal dinitrotoluene has been .68, .23, and .23 (mg/kg/
day)-1, respectively, for oral exposure. The Reportable
Quantity (HQ) value of 1, 10, 100, 1000 or 5000
pounds is used to determine the quantity of a hazard-
ous substance for which notification is required in the
event of a release as specified by CERCLA based on
chronic toxicity. The RQ value for 2.4-, 2.6- and techni-
cal dinitrotoluene is 100. Existing data are insufficient
to determine an RQ value for 2.3-, 2.5- and 3.4-dinitro-
toluene.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Streams,
Water pollution, 'Health and environmental effects,
CAS 121-14-2, CAS 606-20-2, 'Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act, Carcinogenesis, Toxic sub-
stances, Pharmacokinetics, 'Dinitrotoluene.
PB88-218979/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas.
NV.
Estimating the Risk of Lung Cancer from Inhala-
tion of Radon Daughters Indoors: Review and
Evaluation. Final rept. Oct 86-Apr 88,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Radiology
and Radiation Biology.
T. B. Borak, and J. A. Johnson. Jun 88,131 p* EPA/
600/6-88/008
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
A review of the dosimetric models and epidemiological
studies with regard to the relation between indoor
radon exposure and lung cancer indicates that the
Working Level is an appropriate unit for indoor radon
exposure; that the uncertainty in applying risk esti-
mates derived from uranium miner data may be re-
duced by determining nose vs. mouth breathing ratios,
residential aerosol characteristics, and lung cancer
risk vs. age at exposure; that there is persuasive evi-
dence of an association between radon exposure in-
doors and lung cancer, and that epidemiological stud-
ies in progress may provide a basis for revision or vali-
dation of current models but only is experimental de-
signs are employed that will permit pooling of data to
obtain greater statistical power.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Radon, Respiratory dis-
eases, Exposure, Epidemiology, Houses, 'Indoor air
pollution, 'Toxic substances, "Inhalation, 'Lung
cancer, 'Health hazards, Health risks.
PB88-218987/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Mechanisms of Plant Resistance to Increased
Solar Ultraviolet-B Radiation. Final rept.,
Maryland Univ., College Park. Dept. of Botany.
A. H. Teramura, and J. H. Sullivan. May 88, 146d EPA/
600/3-88/019
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab
OR.
Since the major conclusions of the project are being
disseminated via the scientific literature, the find
report consists of a compilation of 11 articles and
manuscripts on the effects of ultraviolet-B radiation
(UVB) on soybean growth and yield, stress interactions
with UVB, and effects of UVB on seedling growth in
conifers (the Pinaceae). The effects of UVB on soy-
beans under field and greenhouse conditions, and
under water stress, drought stress and phosphorus de-
ficiency were studied. Soybean yields, seed quality
and physiology, including seed fatty acid and stenM
composition, were determined.
Keywords: Radiation effects, 'Ultraviolet radiation
'Soybean plants, 'Softwoods, Solar ultraviolet radi^
ation, Near ultraviolet radiation, Resistance, Pine
trees, Plant growth, Seeds, Plant nutrition, Plant physi-
ology, Droughts, Stress(Physiology), Greenhouses
Field tests, Phosphorus, 'Biological radiation effects.
PB88-218995/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dlch-
loroethenes.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jul 86,132p EPA/600/X-86/199
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dich-
loroethenes was prepared to support listings of haz-
ardous constituents of a wide range of waste strewn
under Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide health-related
limits for emergency actions under Section 101 of the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensa-
tion and Liability Act (CERCLA). Both published litera-
ture and information obtained from Agency program
office files were evaluated as they pertained to poten
tial human health, aquatic life ana environmental ef-
fects of hazardous waste constituents. Quantitative
estimates have been presented provided sufficient
data are available. Existing data are insufficient to de-
termine an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) or a carcino-
genic potency factor for dichloroethenes. The Reoart
able Quantity (RQ) value of 1,10,100,1000 or S00O
pounds is used to determine the quantity of a hazard-
ous substance for which notification is required in the
event of a release as specified by CERCLA based on
chronic toxicity. The RQ value for 1,1- and l.a dichbu
oethene is 1000.	"-wor-
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Profiles, Vinylidene chloru*
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Degradation, Adsorption, Vaporizing, Mutagenicity
tests, Exposure, Standards, Halohydrocarbons, 'Envi-
ronmental effects, *Dichloroetnene, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Environmental health, CAS 540-59-0, Aquat-
ic organisms, Hazardous materials, Human tolerances,
Environmental transport, Pharmacokinetics, Biological
accumulation.
PB88-219068/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Technology Transfer An Overview. Bibliography.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Information Management andServices Div.
May 88,47p* EPA/IMSD-88/004
The bibliography serves to improve awareness of
major technology transfer issues and projects. It is or-
ganized according to the following topics: Technology
Transfer Policy; Purpose of Technology Transfer;
Transfer Implementation; General and Environmental
Case Studies; and Perspectives from Laboratories/
Research Centers, Universities, and State and Local
Government. Citations included in the bibliography
were selected from articles and papers published be-
tween 1980 and 1988.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, 'Technology transfer.
PB8S-219175/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Re-
search.
International Information Exchange Activities on
Dloxlna,
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
F. W. Kutz, D. P. Bottimore, E. W. Bretthauer, and D. N.
McNeliS. 1988,10p* EPA/600/M-88/009
Contract EPA-68-02-4254
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Environmental
Processes and Effects Research.
A project promoting the exchange of information on
poiychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and related chemi-
cals has been initiated on an international basis. The
project is being conducted under the auspices of the
Committee on the Challenges of Modern Society of
the North Atlantic Treaty Organization with representa-
tion from the following nations; Canada, Denmark,
Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, Netherlands,
Norway, United Kingdom, and United States. Areas
being studied include exposure and hazard assess-
ment, technology assessment, and management of
accidents.
Keywords: 'Pollution, Hazardous materials, Assess-
ments, Accidents, Exposure, Toxicity, Regulations,
'Information exchange, 'Doxins, Poiychlorinated di-
benzodioxins, Risk assessment.
PB88-219183/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Reproductive and Developmental Responses In
the Self-Fertilizing Fish, 'Rivulus marmoratue', In-
duced by the Plastlclzer, Dl-n-butylphthalate. Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
W. P. Davis. 1988,12p EPA/600/J-88/028,
CONTRIB-610
Pub. In Environmental Biology of Fishes, v21 n2 p81-
90 1988.
Specialized life history attributes of the cyprlnodonti-
form fish, Rivulus marmoratus, allow continuous life
cycle testing to reveal effects of chemicals or environ-
mental stresses upon fertilization, fecundity, egg viabil-
ity, embryonic development, sex ratios, frequency of
growth or skeletal anomalies as well as other biologi-
cal markers. The study reports responses In fecundity,
viability of embryos and skeletal anomalies during and
following cessation of exposure of parental fish to 1
and 2 mg/l nominal concentrations of the plastlclzer,
di-n-butyiphthalate (DBP). Skeletal anomalies among
offspring were classified as mild, moderate, or severe
compared with non-deformed normal offspring. The
frequency of skeletal anomalie8 increased from 4 per-
cent (all categories combined) in controls, to 10 and 19
percent of the offspring from adults exposed to 1 and 2
mg/l DBP, respectively.
Keywords: 'Phthalates, 'Fishes, 'Environmental im-
pacts, 'Water pollution, Plasticlzers, Life cycles, Ab-
normalities, ReproductionlBiology), Fecundity,
Stress Physiology), Toxicity, Exposure, Musculoskele-
tal system, Reprints, 'Rivulus marmoratus, Butylphth-
alate/dinitro, Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB88-219191/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Macromolecular Transport of Hydrophobic Con-
taminants In Aqueous Environments. Journal arti-
cle,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
C. G. Enfield, and G. Bengtsson. C1988,11p EPA/
600/J-88/044
Pub. in Ground Water, v26 n1 p64-70 Jan-Feb 88. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Lund Univ. (Sweden). Lab. of
Ecological Chemistry.
The mobility of a model macromolecule, blue dextran,
was compared under laboratory conditions to the mo-
bility of tritiated water through a sandy soil. The blue
dextran eluted from the soil prior to the tritiated water.
The phenomenon was compared to exclusion chroma-
tography where molecules are separated by size with
the largest eluting first and each molecule flowing
through a different portion of the total porosity. When
the soil was amended with a mixture of kaolinite and
bentonite clay the porosity occupied by the macromol-
ecule was decreased. The implications to hydrophobic
chemical transport based on the presence and mobili-
ty of a macromolecule were evaluated from a theoreti-
cal basis. Macromolecules should increase the relative
mobility of slightly mobile compounds more than they
increase the relative mobility of highly mobile com-
pounds. Very hydrophobic compounds should show
greater mobility under natural conditions than predict-
ed, ignoring the presence of dissolved organic carbon.
Keywords: 'Soil science, 'Water pollution, 'Ground
water, 'Organic wastes, Mathematical models, Mole-
cules, Dextran, Sands, Clay soils, Porosity, Soil proper-
ties, Reprints, 'Environmental transport, 'Land pollu-
tion.
PB88-219209/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Trtehloroethylene Metabolism by Microorganisms
That Degrade Aromatic Compounds. Journal arti-
cle,
Technical Application, Inc., Gulf Breeze, FL.
M. J. K. Nelson, S. O. Montgomery, and P. H. Pritchard.
C1988,5p EPA/600/J-88/029
Contract EPA-68-03-6265
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v54
n2 p6O4-606 Feb 88. Also pub. as Environmental Re-
search Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL. rept. no. CONTRIB-620.
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Gulf
Breeze, FL.
Trtehloroethylene (TCE) was metabolized by the natu-
ral microflora of three different environmental water
samples when stimulated by the addition of either tolu-
ene or phenol. Two different strains of Pseudomonas
putida that degrade toluene by a pathway containing a
toluene dioxygenase also metabolized TCE. A mutant
of one of these strains lacking an active toluene dioxy-
genase could not degrade "IcE, but spontaneous re-
vertants for toluene degradation also regained TCE
degradative ability. These results implicate toluene
dioxygenase in TCE metabolism. (Copyright (c) 1988,
Amencan Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Aromatic compounds, Microorganisms,
Metabolism, Water pollution control, Reprints, 'Micro-
bial degradation, 'Ethylene/trlchloro, 'Pseudomonas
putida, Environmental samples.
PB88-219217/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Migratory Birds of Central Washington as Reser-
voirs of Campylobacter Muni'. Journal article,
Central Washington Univ., Eliensburg. Dept of Biologi-
cdl Sciences
R. E. Pacha, G. W. Clark, E. A. Williams, and A. M.
Carter. C1988,6p EPA/600/ J-88/023
Summary in French. Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Microbi-
ology, v34 p80-82 Jan 88. Sponsored by Health Ef-
fects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Migratory ducks, Canada geese, and sandhill crane
from the Pacific North American Flyway have been
screened for Campylobacter spp. Two hundred ninety-
eight samples from these birds were examined and the
carrier rates detected were as follows: sandhill crane,
81 percent; ducks, 73 percent; and Canada geesa, 5
percent. All isolates were identified as Campylobacter
jejuni. To the authors' knowledge this is the first report
of the isolation of C. jejuni from sandhill crane. The
high carrier rates in both the sandhill crane and migra-
tory ducks indicated that these bird populations may
play a significant role in the dissemination of the bacte-
rium. Because of their migratory habits, these birds
may be particularly important in spreading C. jejuni to
remote areas.
Keywords: 'Animal migrations, 'Birds, 'Bacterial dis-
eases, Sampling, Ducks, Geese, Spreading, Popula-
tions, Bioassay, Tables(Data), Washington(State), Re-
prints, 'Waterborne diseases, 'Campylobacter jejuni,
Host, Remote areas.
PB88-219225/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Modeling Microbial Fate In the Subsurface Envi-
ronment. Journal article,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
M. V. Yates, and S. R. Yates. C1988,40p' EPA/600/J-
88/022
Pub. in CRC Critical Reviews in Environmental Control,
v17 n4 p307-344 1988. Prepared in cooperation with
Agricultural Research Service, Riverside, CA. Salinity
Lab.
The biological, chemical, and physical factors which
are known to influence virus and bacterial survival and
transport in the subsurface are discussed. Models
used to predict the fate of microorganisms are pre-
sented. The models that have been developed to pre-
dict the fate of microorganisms do not explicitly ad-
dress factors observed to influence survival and trans-
port. It has become apparent that it is unlikely that
there is a good bacterial indicator of virus behavior,
and 'model viruses' such as poliovirus may not mimic
the behavior of other viruses such as hapatitis A virus.
As methods are developed for the cultivation and de-
tection of other viruses known to cause waterborne
disease outbreaks, such as Norwalk and Norwalk-iike
viruses, these viruses will also have to be evaluated in
terms of their ability to survive and be transported in
the subsurface environment.
Keywords: 'Microorganisms, 'Ground water, Bacteria,
Viruaes, Potable water, Reprints, 'Environmental fate,
'Subsurface environment, Pollution control. Drinking
water.
PB88-219233/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Optimum Frequency of Calibration Monitoring.
Journal article,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
E. A. Yfantis, G. T. Flatman, and F. C. Garner. c1988,
8p EPA/600/ J-88/021
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
Pub. in Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Sys-
tems, v3 p39-43 1988. Prepared in cooperation with
Nevada Univ., Las Vegas. Sponsored by Environmen-
tal Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The paper develops an algorithm by which to compute
the optimal frequency of calibration monitoring to mini-
mize the total cost of analyzing a set of samples and
the required calibration standards. Optimum calibra-
tion monitoring is needed because of the high cost and
calibration drift of the analyzing equipment. Gas chro-
matographs with mass spectroscopy equipment give
trace analyses with previously unattainable precision,
accuracy, and speed of turn-around when properly
calibrated and systematically monitored. Calibration
monitoring is done by including a known standard
every fixed number of samples. Currently, this fixed
number, or calibration monitoring frequency, is arbitrar-
ily chosen; however, the paper gives a method to com-
pute the optimal calibration monitoring frequency so
that the total analyses costs for both samples and
standards will be minimized. (Copyright (c) 1988 Else-
vier Science Publishers B.V.)
Keywords; 'Calibrating, Standards, Reprints.
PB68-219340/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bro-
moacetone.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Jul 86,36p EPA/600/X-86/195
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bro-
moacetone was prepared to support listings of hazard-
ous constituents of a wide range of waste streams
under Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide health-related
limits for emergency actions under Section 101 of the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensa-
tion and Liability Act (CERCLA). Both published litera-
ture and information obtained from Agency program
office files were evaluated as they pertained to poten-
tial human health, aquatic life and environmental ef-
fects of hazardous waste constituents. Quantitative
estimates have been presented provided sufficient
data are available. Existing data are insufficient to de-
termine an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) or a carcino-
genic potency factor for bromoacetone. The Report-
able Quantity (RQ) value of 1, 10, 100, 1000 or 5000
pounds is used to determine the quantity of a hazard-
ous substance for which notification is required in the
event of a release as specified by CERCLA based on
chronic toxicity. Existing data are insufficient to deter-
mine an RQ value.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Profiles, Hydrolysis, Oxidation,
Photolysis, Degradation, Adsorption, Leaching, Expo-
sure, Respiration, Carcinogens, Standards,
Concentration(Composition), Bromine organic com-
pounds, "Environmental effects, "Environmental
health, "Bromoacetone, "Toxic substances, Environ-
mental transport, GAS 598-31-2, Risk assessment,
Aquatic organisms, Pharmacokinetics, Human toler-
ances, Biological accumulation.
PB88-219357/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effect* Profile lor Bro-
minated Dlbenzo-p-dloxins and Oibenzofurans.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 86,135p EPA/600/X-86/301
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bro-
minated Dlbenzo-p-dioxins and Dlbenzofurans was
prepared to support listings of hazardous constituents
of a wide range of waste streams under Section 3001
of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA) and to provide health-related limits for emer-
gency actions under Section 101 of the Comprehen-
sive Environmental Response, Compensation and Li-
ability Act (CERCLA). Both published literature and in-
formation obtained from Agency program office files
were evaluated as they pertained to potential human
health, aquatic life and environmental effects of haz-
ardous waste constituents. Quantitative estimates
have been presented provided sufficient data are
available. Existing data are insufficient to determine a
Reference Dose (RfD) or a carcinogenic potency
factor for brominated diben-p- dioxins and dibenzofur-
ans. The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value of 1,10,100,
1000 or 5000 pounds is used to determine the quantity
of a hazardous substance for which notification is re-
quired in the event of a release as specified by
CERCLA based on chronic toxicity. Existing data are
insufficient to determine an RQ value.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Profiles, "Bromine organic com-
pounds, Carcinogens, Absorption(Biology), Metabo-
lism, Excretion, Concentration(Composition), Toxicol-
ogy, "Environmental effects, Environmental health,
"Dibenzofurans, "Dibenzodioxlns, Risk assessment,
Hazardous materials, Human tolerances, Environmen-
tal transport, Pharmacokinetics, Biological accumula-
tion.
PB88-219373/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effect* Profile for Ben-
zotrichloride.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jul 86, 73p EPA/600/X-86/194
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ben-
zotrichloride was prepared to support listings of haz-
ardous constituents of a wide range of waste streams
under Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide health-related
limits for emergency actions under Section 101 of the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensa-
tion and Liability Act (CERCLA). Both published litera-
ture and information obtained from Agency program
office files were evaluated as they pertained to poten-
tial human health, aquatic life and environmental ef-
fects of hazardous waste constituents. Quantitative
estimates have been presented provided sufficient
data are available. Benzotrlchloride has been evaluat-
ed as a carcinogen. The human carcinogen potency
factor for benzotrichloride is 12.63 (mg/kg/day) for
oral exposure. The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value of
1, 10, 100, 1000 or 5000 pounds is used to determine
the quantity of a hazardous substance for which notifi-
cation is required in the event of a release as specified
by CERCLA based on chronic toxicity. The RQ value
for benzotrichloride is 10.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Profiles, Carcinogens, Expo-
sure, Absorption(Biology), Metabolism, Excretion,
Standards,	Hazardous	materials,
Concentration(Composition), Toxicology, Aromatic hy-
drocarbons, "Environmental health, "Benzotrichloride,
"Toxic substances, "Environmental effects, Environ-
mental fate, Aquatic organisms, Human tolerances,
Environmental transport, Pharmacokinetics, Biological
accumulation, CAS 98-07-7.
PB88-219381/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Pesticide Expoaure to Florida Greenhouse Appli-
cators,
Agricultural Research and Education Center, Lake
Alfred, FL.
H. N. Nigg, J. H. Stamper, and W. D. Mahon. Jun88,
110p EPA/600/2-88/033
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The exposure of pesticide applicators in a commercial
greenhouse facility was assessed. Data were collected
primarily from five handgunners and a tractor driver.
The chemicals applied were fluvalinate, chlorpyrifos,
ethazol, dicofol, captan, and chiorothalonil. Potential
exposure was assessed with exposure pads placed
outside all clothing of the applicator. Handwashes and
air samples were also collected, as were pre- and
post-exposure tank mixture samples. Pesticide pene-
tration was measured with exposure pads placed
inside protective clothing. Handgunner exposure in-
creased fineness of the spray leaving the nozzle; the
tractor driver was much less exposed than the hand-
gunners. Ethazol penetrated Tyvek more than any
other compound tested. It was found useful in the
study to normalize all exposure assessments for spray
rate.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Florida, "Exposure, "Green-
houses, Samples, Penetration, Environmental surveys,
Spray nozzles, Concentration(Composition),
Tables(Data), "Pollution control, "Pesticide applica-
tors, "Risk assessment, Toxic substances, Fluvalinate,
Chlorpyrifos, Ethazol, Dicofol, Captan, Chlorothaionil.
PB88-219399/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Allyl
Chloride.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jul 86,105p EPA/600/X-86/198
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Allyl
Chloride was prepared to support listings of hazardous
constituents of a wide range of waste streams under
Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act (RCRA) and to provide health-related limits
for emergency actions under Section 101 of the Com-
prehensive Environmental Response, Compensation
and Liability Act (CERCLA). Both published literature
and Information obtained from Agency program office
files were evaluated as they pertained to potential
human health, aquatic life and environmental effects
of hazardous waste constituents. Quantitative esti-
mates have been presented provided sufficient data
are available. Allyl Chloride has been evaluated as a
carcinogen. The human carcinogen potency factor
(q1") for allyl chloride is 0.0206 for oral exposure. The
Reportable Quantity (RQ) value of 1,10,100,1000 or
5000 pounds is used to determine the quantity of a
hazardous substance for which notification is required
in the event of a release as specified by CERCLA
based on chronic toxicity. The RQ value for allyl chlo-
ride is 100.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Profiles, Carcinogens, Photoly-
sis, Degradation, Exposure, Leaching,
Absorption(Biology), Metabolism, Excretion, Hazard-
ous materials. Standards. Chlorine aliphatic com-
pounds, "Environmental effects, "Environmental
health, "Allyl chloride, "Toxic substances, CAS 107-
05-1, Environmental fate, Aquatic organisms, Human
tolerances, Environmental transport, Pharmacokine-
tics, Biological accumulation, Risk assessment.
PB88-219431/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ben-
zidine.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 86,137p EPA/600/X-86/157
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ben-
zidine was prepared to support listings of hazardous
constituents of a wide range of waste streams under
Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act (RCRA) and to provide health-related limits
for emergency actions under Section 101 of the Com-
prehensive Enviromental Response, Compensation
and Liability Act (CERCLA). Both published literature
and information obtained from Agency program office
files were evaluated as they pertained to potential
human health, aquatic life and environmental effects
of hazardous waste constituents. Quantitative esti-
mates have been presented provided sufficient data
are available. Benzidine has been evaluated as a car-
cinogen. The human carcinogen potency factor (q1*)
for benzidine is 234.13 (mg/kg/day) for oral exposure.
The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value of 1, 10. 100"
1000 or 5000 pounds is used to determine the quantity
of a hazardous substance for which notification is re-
Suired in the event of a release as specified by
ERCLA based on chronic toxicity. The RQ value for
benzidine 100.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Profiles, Carcinogens. "Azo
dyes, Hazardous materials, Exposure, Photolysis. Deg-
radation, Absorption(Biology), Metabolism, Excretion
Standards, "Environmental effects, "Environmental
health, "Benzidine, "Toxic substances, CAS 92-87-5
Human tolerances, Environmental transport, Pharma-
cokinetics. Biological accumulation, Risk assessment
PB86-21944S/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Benzyl Chloride.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH; En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 86,103p EPA/600/X-86/148
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Benzyl Chloride was prepared to support listings of
hazardous constituents of a wide range of waste
streams under Section 3001 of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide
health-related limits for emergency actions unoer Sec-
tion 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic Hie
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Quantitative estimates have been presented
Provided sufficient data are available. Benzyl chloride
as been evaluated as a carcinogen. The hum&h caN
cinogen potency factor for benzyl chloride Is 0 0171
(mg/kg/day) for oral exposure. The Reportable CXian-
tity (RQ) value of 1, 10,100,1000 or 5000 poundsie
used to determine the quantity of a hazardous sub-
stance for which notification is required in the eventoi
a release as specified by CERCLA based on chronic
toxicity. The RQ value for benzyl chloride is 1000.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Profiles, Carcinogens, Hazard-
ous materials, Photolysis, Degradation, Adsomtimv
Exposure, Respiration, Absorption(Biology), Metabcv
lism, Excretion, Standards, "Environmental effechT
"Environmental health, "Benzyl chloride, "ToxicUS
stances, CAS 100-44-7, Risk assessment, HumafTtS!
erances, Environmental transport, Pharmacokinetic*"
Biological accumulation.
PBM-219472/H8U	PC A1S/MF AOI
Environmental Protection Agency, Research TriannU
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lali
Testing ol Toxicology and Emisalona 8
Methodology for Ocean Incineration of
oue Wastes. Final rept. Jan 85-Jan 86,
Battelle Ocean Sciences, Duxbuiy, MA.
P. Boehm, M. Cooke. S. Carr, W. Piispanen, and G
Werme. May 88,366p* EPA/600/7-88/010
Contract EPA-68-01-6986
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report addresses the development and testing of
a system to expose marine organisms to hazardous
waste emissions in order to assess the potential toxici-
ty of incinerator plumes at sea as they contact the
marine environment through air-sea exchange and ini-
tial mixing. A sampling tram was designed and tested
at EPA's land-based hazardous waste incinerator,
using transformer oil as a waste feed. The incinerator
was operated under conditions which would be appro-
priate for at-sea incinerators. The sampling train
(Marine Incineration Biological Assessment Sampler-
MIBAS) provides a sea water sample containing a
plume emission for the marine organisms testing. Five
toxicity-test protocols were refined and/or developed
for use in the program: (1) a sea urchin fertilization test;
(2)	a chronic test using macroalgae Champia parvula;
(3)	a 7-day chronic test using growth and reproduction
of the crustacean Mysidopsis bahia; (4) a 7-day growth
and survival test with the fish Menidia beryllina; and (5)
a 7-day life cycle test using the archiannelid worm Dln-
ophilus gyrocilatus. The results of applying these tests
during a hazardous waste burn are given.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Hazardous materials, 'In-
cineration, 'Marine biology, Exposure, Emission, Toxi-
cology, Sampling, Sea urchins, Tabies(Data), 'Toxici-
ty, Graphs(Charts), Bioassay, Plumes, 'Hazardous
wastes, 'Stationary sources, 'Air pollution sampling,
'Air pollution effects(Animals), At sea incineration.
PB88-219682/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for N,N-
Dimethylformamlde.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
May 86,11 Sp ERA/600/X-86/141
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for N,N-
Dimethylformamide was prepared to support listings of
hazardous constituents of a wide range of waste
streams under Section 3001 of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide
health-related limits for emergency actions under Sec-
tion 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Quantitative estimates have been presented
provided sufficient data are available. N,N-Dimethylfor-
mamide has been determined to be a systemic toxi-
cant An Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the
amount of a chemical to which humans can be ex-
posed on a daily basis over an extended period of time
(usually a lifetime) without suffering a deleterious
effect, for N,N-dimethyiformamide is 0.086 ma/kg/day
for oral exposure. The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value
for N,N-d!methylformamlde Is 100.
Keywords: 'Dimethylformamide, 'Toxicity, 'Profiles,
Exposure, Hazardous materials, Hydrolysis, Oxidation,
Photolysis,	Degradation,	Leaching,
Absorption(Biology), Metabolism, Excretion, Forma-
mldes. Standards, 'Environmental effects, 'Environ-
mental health, *Formamide/N-N-dimethyl, 'Toxic sub-
stances, CAS 68-12-2, Aquatic organisms, Human tol-
erances, Environmental transport, Pharmacokinetics,
Biological accumulation, Risk assessment.
PBM-219688/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Carbon Disulfide.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 88,129p EPA/600/X-86/155
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Carbon Disulfide was prepared to support listings of
hazardous constituents of a wide range of waste
streams under Section 3001 of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide
health-related limits for emergency actions under Sec-
tion 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
ana environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Quantitative estimates have been presented
rovided sufficient data are available. Carbon disulfide
as been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An Ac-
ceptable Oaily Intake (ADI) for carbon disulfide is 0.1
mg/kg/day for oral exposure. The Reportable Quantity
(RQ) value for carbon disulfide is 1000.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Profiles, Hazardous materials,
Exposure, Sulfur organic compounds,
Concentration(Composition), Absorption(Biology),
Toxicology, Carcinogens, Excretion, Metabolism,
Standards, 'Health effects, 'Environmental effects,
'Carbon disulfide, 'Toxic substances, Biological accu-
mulation, CAS 75-15-0, Pharmacokinetics, Environ-
mental fate, Environmental transport, Human toler-
ances, Aquatic organisms, Risk assessment.
PB88-219696/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chloranll.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Mar 86,59p EPA/600/X-86/083
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chloranll was prepared to support listings of hazard-
ous constituents of a wide range of waste streams
under Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide health-related
limits for emergency actions under Section 101 of the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensa-
tion and Liability Act (CERCLA). Quantitative estimates
have been presented provided sufficient data are
available. Chloranll has been evaluated as a carcino-
gen. The human carcinogen potency factor for chlor-
anil is 0.0403 (mg/kg/day) for oral exposure. The Re-
portable Quantity (RQ) value of 1, 10, 100, 1000 or
5000 pounds is used to determine the quantity of a
hazardous substance for which notification is required
in the event of a release as specified by CERCLA
based on chronic toxicity. The RQ value for chloranll is
1000.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Profiles, Hazardous materials,
Exposure, Aromatic monocyclic hydrocarbons,
Concentration(Composition), Adsorptlon(Biology),
Toxicology, Excretion, Metabolism, Standards,
'Health effects, 'Environmental effects, 'Chloranll,
'Toxic substances, Biological accumulation, CAS 118-
75-2, Pharmacokinetics, Environmental fate, Environ-
mental transport, Human tolerances, Aquatic orga-
nisms, Risk assessment.
PBQ8-219720/H8U	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Pulmonary Function in Juvenile and Young Adult
Rata Exposed to Low-Level N02 with Diurnal
Splkea. Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. A. Stevens, M. G. Menache, J. D. Crapo, F. J. Miller,
and J. A. Graham. c1988,15p EPA/600/J-88/020
Contract EPA-68-02-4032
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health,
v23 p229-240 1988. Prepared in cooperation with
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC. Sponsored
by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Pulmonary function was examined in juvenile and
young adult Fischer-344 rats continuously exposed to
N02 (0.5,1.0 or 2.0 ppm) for up to 6 weeks with twice
daily 1 hr spikes equal to 3X the baseline concentra-
tion. The spike to baseline ratio was chosen to simu-
late morning and evening urban rush hour conditions.
Juvenile rats were examined after 3 and 6 weeks of
N02 exposures, while young adult rats were examined
after t, 3, and 8 week intervals. Lung volumes, compli-
ance, and efficiency of ventilation were evaluated.
Lung volumes increased in the juvenile rats after 3 and
6 week exposures to 1.0 and 2.0 ppm, but were un-
changed in young adult rats. Luna compliance in-
creased in juvenile rats exposed to 1.0 or 2.0 ppm for 3
weeks, however, was unchanged in juvenile rats ex-
posed for 8 weeks, as well as in the young adult rats
exposed for 1 and 3 weeks. Compliance decreased in
young adult rats exposed to 2.0 ppm for 6 weeks, and
was correlated to an overall thickening of alveolar in-
terstitlum and spetal tissues.
Keywords: "Respiratory system, 'Exposure, 'Rats,
Nitrogen dioxide, Lung, Concentratk>n(Composition),
ventilation, Reprints, 'Pulmonary function, Lung com-
pliance, Health effects.
PB88-219738/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Enhancement of Natural Killer Cell Activity and In-
terferon Production by Manganese In Young Mice.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. J. Smialowicz. M. M. Riddle, R. R. Rogers, R. W.
Luebke, and G. R. Burleson. C1988,17p EPA/600/J-
88/019
Pub. in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology,
v10 n1 p93-107 1988. Prepared In cooperation with
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The effect that MnCI2 has on murine splenic natural
killer (NK) cell activity was investigated in infant (10
days old), pre-weanling (18 days old) and weanling (24
days old) C57BL/6J mice. Both MnCI2 and Poly fcC
caused elevations in serum interferon levels, lime-
course studies revealed that interferon levels returned
to normal within 48 hours following injection with either
MnCI2 or Poly l:C; however enhanced NK activity per-
sisted for up to 48 hours in Poly l:C-injected mice and
72 hours in MnCI2-injected mice. These results indi-
cate that despite low levels of NK activity in pre-weanl-
ing mice, MnCI2 is capable of enhancing this activity by
8-9 fold. Furthermore, Mn-enhanced NK activity in
these young mice appears to be mediated by the pro-
duction of interferon alpha, beta.
Keywords: 'Mice, Laboratory animals, Manganese,
Immunity, Reprints, 'Natural killer cell,
* Activity (Blotbgy), 'Manganese chloride, Immunotoxi-
city.
PB88-219781/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Relationship between Exposure Duration and
Sulfur Dioxide-Induced Bronchoconstriction In
Asthmatic Subjects. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Clinical Research Branch.
D. H. Horstman, E. Seal, L. J. Folinsbee, P. Ives, and L.
J. Roger. C1988,12p EPA/600/J-88/018
Pub. in American Industrial Hygiene Association Jnl.,
v49 n1 p38-471988. Prepared In cooperation with En-
vironmental Monitoring and Sen/Ices, Inc., Chapel Hill,
NC.
The purpose of the study was to determine the short-
est duration of exposure to 1.0 ppm sulfur dioxide
(S02) sufficient to induce bronchoconstriction signifi-
cantly greater than that observed with exposure to
clean air (CA) in exercising S02 sensitive asthmatics.
Asymptomatic, nonmedicated, male asthmatics
(n=12) with airway hyperresponsiveness to both
methacholine and S02 were exposed in a chamber
(20 degree C, 40% relative humidity) for 0.0, 0.5,1.0,
2.0 and 5.0 min to both CA and 1.0 ppm S02 on sepa-
rate days (10 exposures). Just prior to each exposure,
subjects walked on a treadmill In CA for 5 min at a pre-
determined speed/elevation to elicit a target ventila-
tion of about 40 L/min. i.e., a brisk pace up a slight in-
cline. After this walk, subjects rapidly entered adjoining
exposure chamber containing either CA or S02 and
Immediately walked at the same speed/elevation for
the specified exposure duration. Subjects then rapidly
exited 1he chamber. Postexposure SRaw and symp-
tom ratings increased with increased exposure dura-
tion in S02; pstexposure SRaw also was increased
with increased exposure duration in CA but to a lesser
extent. After adjusting for the CA response, significant-
ly greater S02 induced bronchoconstriction was ob-
served for the 2.0 and 5.0 min exposures as indicated
by substantially greater increases in SRaw and sub-
stantially higher ratings of respiratory symptoms. The
authors conclude that with the above exposure condi-
tions, on average, S02 sensitive asthamtics exhibit
significant brochoconstriction at exposure durations of
2.0 min or more.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Exposure, 'Asthma,
Symptoms, Reprints, 'Bronchoconstriction, 'Inhala-
tion, 'Health effects.
PB88-219779/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Mutagenicity and Clastogenlclty of Proflavln in
L5178Y/TK(+/-j-3.7.2.C Cells. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D. M. DeMarini, K. H. Brock, C. L. Doerr, and M. M.
Moore. C1988,9p EPA/600/J-88/017
Pub. in Mutation Research, v204 p323-328 1988. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Environmental Health Re-
search and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The paper evaluated the ability of proflavin to induce
specific-locus mutations at the heterozygous thymi-
dine kinase (tk) locus of L5178Y/TK + /- -3.7.2.C
mouse lymphoma cells, which permit the recovery and
classification of mutants due to single-gene or chro-
mosomal mutation. Proflavin was highly mutagenic at
the tk locus, producing 724-965 TK mutants/10(6);
survivors. The potent clastogenicity of proflavin was
confirmed by cytogenetic analysis for chromosomal
aberrations. These results lead to the conclusion that
proflavin induces few single-gene mutations in mam-
malian cells; instead, it is a potent clastoqen and pro-
duces primarily chromosomal mutations. The authors
discuss the possible involvement of DNA topoisomer-
ase II in the clastogenic mechanism of proflavin.
Keywords: 'Mutations, Genetic, Chromosome abnor-
malities, Reprints, 'Mutagenicity, 'Clastogenicity,
'Proflavin, 'Genetic mutations, Biological effects.
PB88-219787/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Decay of Dissolved Substances by Second-Order
Reaction: Problem Description and Batch-Reactor
Solutions. Journal article,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
S. R. Yates, and C. G. Enfield. C1988,28p EPA/600/J-
88/016
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Science and Health,
vA23 n1 p59-84 1988. Prepared in cooperation with
Agricultural Research Service, Riverside, CA. Salinity
Lab.
The mass transport (advection-dispersion) equations
allowing coupled second-order reaction (i.e. Omega
sub 1, C sub 1) + (omega sub 2, C sub 2) (R sub 12) -
> Re) between two constituents are derived and
result in a set of coupled nonlinear partial differential
equations. Neglecting the spatial dependence simpli-
fies the equations and produces coupled nonlinear or-
dinary differential equations for which several analyti-
cal solutions are provided. The solutions may be used
to illustrate the effect of the second-order reaction
mechanism as well as providing a means for evaluat-
ing the reaction constant k12. (Copyright (c) 1988
Marcel Dekker, Inc.)
Keywords: "Reaction kinetics, "Contaminants,
"Ground water, Batching, Dissolving, Mass transfer,
Decay, Soil chemistry, Reprints, 'Environmental trans-
port, Rate constants, Environmental chemistry.
PB88-219795/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Field Sampling In Estuariaa: The Relationship of
Scale to Variability. Journal article,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Aquatic
Research and Resource Management.
R.J. Livingston. c1987,17p EPA/600/J-87/364
Grant EPA-R-812053
Pub. in Estuaries, v10 n3 pi 94-207 Sep 87. Sponsored
by Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
The spatial/temporal scaling problem (i.e., fitting a
given research question to the dimensions of variability
of the study area) is particularly pronounced in highly
variable systems such as estuaries. Long-term, multi-
disciplinary studies in the Apalachicola Bay system
were used to evaluate variation of different physical,
chemical, and biological factors. Specific limitations of
weekly, monthly, and quarterly sampling intervals were
directly related to the efficiency of the sampling gear,
the range of variation in the study parameters, and
specific biological features (motility, recruitment, natu-
ral history) of infaunal macroinvertebrates and epi-
benthic organisms. There are families of spatial and
temporal scaling phenomena that should be consid-
ered when establishing a given field sampling program.
(Copyright (c) 1987 Estuarine Research Federation.)
Keywords: 'Variability, 'Marine biology, 'Apalachicola
Bay, Sampling, Field tests, Invertebrates, Variations,
Estimates, Accuracy, Biological productivity, Chemical
properties, Physical properties, Scale(Ratio), Equip-
ment, Reprints.
PB88-21M03/HSU	PCA03/MFA01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Method for Measuring Bacterial Resistance to
Metals Employing Eptfluorescent Microscopy.
Journal article,
Maryland Univ. at Baltimore.
1090 Vol. 90, No. 24
J. L. Zelibor, M. Tamplin, and R. R. Colwell. C1987,15p
EPA/600/J-87/363
Grant DI-14-08-0001 -G-884
Pub. in Jnl. of Microbiological Methods, v7 p143-155
1987. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.,
Gulf Breeze, FL., and Department of the Interior,
Washington, DC.
A direct viable counting method has been developed
which can be used to measure resistance of bacteria
to metal (DVCMR bio-assay). Results obtained using
DVCMR was compared with classical culture methods
and proven superior. Evaluation of test strains resist-
ant to arsenic or manganese showed a parabolic
curve, whereas sensitive strains demonstrated a loga-
rithmic curve fit. The DVCMR bio-assay method to de-
termine percent resistance (%R) was approximately
twice as sensitive for detecting metal-resistant strains
and 23 times for metal-sensitive strains, compared
with cultural methods. It is concluded that the DVCMR
bio-assay may be better suited for use in microbial bio-
geochemistry, i.e., contamination monitoring and min-
eral prospecting, than existing cultural methods.
Keywords: 'Bacteria, 'Metals, 'Resistance, Bioassay,
Tissue culture, Reprints, 'Metal sensitive strains.
PB88-219811/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Measurement of Methanotroph and Methanogen
Signature Phosophollplds for Use in Assessment
of Blomass and Community Structure In Model
Systems. Journal article,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Dept. of Biological
Science.
P. D. Nichols, C. A. Mancuso, and D. C. White. C1987,
14p EPA/600/J-87/359
Grant EPA-R-812504
Pub. in Organic Geochemistry, v11 n6 p451-461 1987.
Prepared in cooperation with Commonwealth Scientif-
ic and Industrial Research Organization, Hobart (Aus-
tralia). Div. of Oceanography, and Tennessee Univ.,
Knoxville. Inst, for Applied Microbiology. Sponsored by
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Methanotrophic biomass and community structure
were assessed for a soil column enriched with natural
gas. An increase in microbial biomass, based on phos-
pholipid ester-linked fatty acids (PLFA), was apparent
for the natural gas-enriched column relative to a con-
trol column and untreated surface soil. Following GC-
MS analyses of the derivatized monounsaturated fatty
acids, the major component (22 percent of the PLFA)
of the natural gas-enriched column was identified as
18.1 delta 10C. The relatively novel fatty acid has only
been previously reported as a major component in
methanotrophs. Its presence in the soil, together with
other supportive evidence, implies that the microbial
metabolic group makes a large contribution to the
column flora. Other microbial groups were also recog-
nized and differences compared between the soils
analyzed. (Copyright (c) 1987 Pergamon Journals Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Soils, 'Biomass, 'Spirillacea, 'Natural
gas, 'Biochemistry, Fatty acids, Lipids,
Hgestion(Biology), Methane, Profiles, Oxidation re-
duction reactions, Graphs(Charts), Reprints, Methano-
gea.
PB88-219829/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Sequential Development and Morphology of Ex-
perimentally Induced Hepatic Melano-Macro-
phage Centres In 'Rlvulus marmoratus*. Journal ar-
ticle,
Gulf Coast Research Lab., Ocean Springs, MS.
W. K. Vogelbein, J. W. Fournie, and R. M. Overstreet.
c1987,11 p EPA/600/J-87/362,, MASGP-87-039
Grant NA85AA-D-SG05
Jnl. of Fish Biology, Supplement A, v31 p145-153
1987. Prepared in cooperation with Louisiana State
Univ., Baton Rouge. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL„ and Mississippi-Ala-
bama Sea Grant Consortium, Ocean Springs, MS.
Formation of hepatic melano-macrophage centers
(MMC's) in Rivulus marmoratus was induced with the
coccidian parasite Calyptospora funduli. Experimental
infections were produced by feeding infected intestine
and hepatopancreas from grass shrimp (Palaemon-
etes pugio) to individual parasite-free fish. The results
suggests that MMC formation in this case is an inflam-
matory process in which mononuclear cells recruited
from peripheral circulation play a dominant role. MMC
development appears to be elicited by macrogamont
degeneration, whereas granuloma formation probably
is a response to oocysts. (Copyright (c) 1987 The Fish-
eries Society of the British Isles.)
Keywords: 'Liver diseases, 'Melanin, 'Fishes, Granu-
loma, Inflammation, Pathology, Reprints, 'Host-para-
site relations, 'Coccidia, 'Macrophages, 'Cyprinodon-
tiformes, Rivulus marmoratus, Calyptospora funduli,
Coccidiosis.
PB88-219837/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada
OK.
Model for Hysteretlc Constitutive Relations Gov-
erning Multiphase Flow. 1. Saturation-Pressure
Relations. Journal article,
Virginia Polytechnic Inst, and State Univ., Blacksbura.
J. C. Parker, and R. J. Lenhard. C1987,12p EPA/600/
J-87/357
Pub. in Water Resources Research, v23 n12 p2187-
2196 Dec 87. See also RB88-219845. Sponsored by
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada.
r\is	' ^
in these companion papers, a general theoretical
model is presented for the description of functional re-
lationships between relative permeability k, fluid satu-
ration S, and pressure P in two- or three-phase (e.g.,
air-water or air-oil-water) porous media systems stx>-
ject to arbitrary saturation paths. A parametric descrip-
tion of hysteretic S-P relations is developed in paper 1
which includes effects of air and oil phase occlusion or
'entrapment' during imbibition. Entrapped nonwettlng
fluid saturations at a given point along a saturation
path are linearly interpolated between endpoints of pri-
mary imbibition scanning curves using maximum
trapped saturations estimated by extension of the
method of Land (1968). Arbitrary order scanning
curves are predicted using an empirical inteipolation
scheme coupled with a scaling procedure which sim-
plifies computations and minimizes the parametric
complexity of the model. All model parameters are de-
fined in terms of measurements which may be ob-
tained from two-phase systems (air-water, air-oil, oil-
water). Extension to three-phase systems is based on
the assumption that fluid entrapment processes In
three-phase systems are similar to those in two-phase
systems and that wettability decreases in the older
water to oil to air. (Copyright (c) American Union Geo^
physical, 1987.)
Keywords: 'Groundwater, 'Three dimensional flow
•Hydrodynamics, Geo, Hysteresis, Subsurface invest^
gations, Fluid flow, Mathematical models, Reprints.
Path of pollutants.	^
PBB8-219845/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab. Ada
OK.
Model for Hysteretic Conetitutlve Relatione Gov-
erning Multiphase Flow. 2. Permeability-Saturation
Relations. Journal article,
Virginia Polytechnic Inst, and State Univ., Blacksbura
R. j. Lenhard, and J. C. Parker. C1987,12p EPA/600/
J-87/358
Pub. in Water Resources Research, v23 n12 p2lS7-
2206 Dec 87. See also PB88-219837. Sponsored by
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lib.. Aria
OK.	^
A theoretical model is described for the prediction of
relative permeability-saturation (k-S) relations in two-
phase (air-water) and three phase (air-oil-watert
porous media systems subject to arbitrary saturation
paths. Integral expressions for air, water, and oil rata,
tive permeabilities are presented. The parametric
model for saturation-pressure relations and fluidan!
trapment is employed in the integral equations to
enable derivation of closed-form expressions for ak
water, and oil relative permeabilities as functional*
current fluid saturations and saturation history. ThrmC
phase k-S relations are calculated for main drainaoa
and imbibition paths for a hypothetical soil to illustrate
usage of the model and to evaluate the magnitude of
fluid entrapment effects on relative permeabilltta?
Water permeability-saturation relations are predtatart
to exhibit mild hysteretic effects except at high satun.
tions, while hysteresis in air permeabillty-saturationrl!
lations is much more pronounced. Predictions of k-&P
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
nario are presented using model parameters deter-
mined for a sandy soil by two methods. The results in-
dicate that hysteresis and nonwetting fluid entrapment
effects on k-S-P relations may be substantial. Sensitiv-
ity to calibration method is found to be small. (Copy-
right (c) American Geophysical Union, 1987.)
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Hydrodynamics, "Soil me-
chanics, 'Multiphase flow. Fluid flow. Subsurface in-
vestigations, Permeability, Hysteresis, Liquid satura-
tion, Reprints.
PB88-2199S1/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Progress In Environmental Specimen Banking.
Special pub. (Final),
National Bureau of Standards (NML), Gaithersburg,
MD. Center for Analytical Chemistry.
S. A. Wise, R. Zeisler, and G. M. Goldstein. Apr 88,
221p NBS/SP-740
Also available from Supt. of Docs, as SN003-003-
02868-1. Library of Congress catalog card no. 88-
600530. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
In the past decade, interest in the concept of specimen
banking for the archiving of biological and environmen-
tal samples for future analysis nas increased signifi-
cantly, and specimen banking is now recognized as an
integral part of systematic environmental monitoring.
In recent years representatives of similar programs in
Japan, Canada, and Sweden have joined in these
meetings to expand the exchange of information. The
10th U.S.-German Seminar of State and Planning on
Environmental Specimen Banking was held. At the
meeting the current status of specimen banking activi-
ties in tne U.S., FRG, Canada, and Japan was present-
ed and discussed. The publication contains the pro-
ceedings of that meeting with contributions describing
various activities related to banking and analysis of
samples from aquatic, atmospheric, terrestrial, and
human monitoring programs.
Keywords: Quality assurance, Contaminants, Chemi-
cal analysis, 'Specimen banking, 'Environmental
samples, Environmental monitoring, Air sampling.
PB88-220090/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Viable 'Legionella pneumophila' Not Detectable
by Culture on Agar Media. Journal article,
Maryland Univ., College Park. Dept. of Microbiology.
D. Hussong, R. R. Colweil, M. O'Brien, E. Weiss, and
A. D. Pearson. c1987, 7p* EPA/600/J-87/348
Grant EPA-R-812246
Pub. In Biotechnology, vS p947-950 Sep 87. Prepared
in cooperation with Agricultural Research Service,
Beltsville, MD. Soil-Microbial System Lab., Naval Medi-
cal Research Inst., Bethesda, MD., and Central Public
Health Lab., London (England). Communicable Dis-
ease Surveillance Centre. Sponsored by Environmen-
tal Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
In the paper, environmental samples collected from
sources implicated in an epidemic of Legionnaires' dis-
ease were surveyed. Although no cultures were recov-
ered from environmental samples, numerous cells
were observed by fluorescent microscopy when anti-L,
pneumophila group 1 antibody was used. Similar ob-
servations have often been made by others. To study
the loss of culturability, L pneumophila strains were
maintained in a microcosm (vessels containing steri-
lized environmental water) and assayed at intervals for
growth on appropriate media, and lethality for chick
embryos. At 4 deg C, the decimal rate of decline of
colony forming cells was approximately 29 days; at 37
deg C it was 13 days. Results indicate that samples
that do not contain culturable cells, may contain cells
that are viable, as demonstrated by their pathogenicity
for chick embryos. The fluorescent antibody assay
may provide a valuable indication of the presence of
such viable but non-culturable cells.
Keywords: 'Cultures(Biology), Microorganisms, Tissue
culture, Bacteriology. Reprints, 'Legionella pneumo-
phila, 'Fluorescent antibody assay, Legionnaires' dis-
ease, Environmental samples.
PBM-220108/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Macromolecules Facilitate the Transport of Trace
Organlcs. Journal article,
Lund Univ. (Sweden). Lab. of Ecological Chemistry.
G. Bengtsson, C. G. Enfield, and R. Lindqvist. c1987,
8p EPA/600/J-87/354
Pub. in Science of the Total Environment, v67 p159-
164 1987. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental
Research Lab., Ada, OK.
Macromolecules in the pore fluid of a soil may influ-
ence the mobility of hydrophobic compounds by their
partitioning to the macromolecuie, which moves with,
or even faster than, the water. The mobility is de-
scribed mathematically by a chemical transport model.
The significance of the model was demonstrated ex-
perimentally in a ground-water infiltration microcosm
using dextran, a polysaccharide, as the macromole-
cuie added to lake water pumped through soil col-
umns. Breakthrough curves showed that 500mg/l of
dextran enhanced the mobility of hexachlorobenzene
by approximately 25 percent. With more hydrophobic
macromolecules, such as humic acids, the theory pre-
dicts a significantly larger mobility enhancement, a
phenomenon that may explain the presence of very
hydrophobic pollutants in deep ground-water aquifers.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, Contaminants,
Transport properties, Soils, Reprints, Environmental
transport.
PB88-220223/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Investigation of 2,4-Dlnltrophenylhydrazine Im-
pregnated Adsorbent Tubes for the Collection of
Airborne Aldehydes,
Battelle Columbus Div., OH.
M. W. Holdren, D. L. Smith, and N. K. Russell. Jun 88,
53p* EPA/600/4-88/022
Contract EPA-68-02-4127
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The objective of the study was to investigate the use of
2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) impregnated ad-
sorbents for sampling airborne aldehydes. Experimen-
tal results using a 17 cu m environmental chamber and
various spiked amounts of aldehyde material (low ppb
levels) showed that the DNPH coated cartridge and
the DNPH/acetonitrile impinger methods gave equiva-
lent results. Blank levels of the DNPH-coated car-
tridges were studied as a function of storage time
using various containers and temperature conditions.
Canisters pressurized with zero-grade nitrogen provid-
ed the best storage device. Lower blank levels were
also obtained when the cartridges were stored at lower
temperatures. Blank levels appear to equilibrate after
six days of storage. To assure that quality data will be
obtained, cartridges should be grouped according to
batch number and blank levels should be determined
prior to any field monitoring effort. Blank cartridge
levels should be an order of magnitude lower than
sample cartridge level. High performance liquid chro-
matography with UV detection proved to be a sensitive
and stable analytical method for the DNPH derivatives.
Keywords: 'Absorbers(Materials), 'Airborne detec-
tors, 'Aldehydes, Sampling, Adsorbents, Test cham-
bers, Environment simulators, Containers, Chemical
analysis. Chromatographic analysis, Acetonitrile, Stor-
age, 'Air pollution detection, 'Hydrazine/dinitro-
pnenyl, Air sampling.
PB88-220322/HSU	PC A04/MFA01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ben-
zoyl Chloride.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
May 86,54p EPA/600/X-86/142
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ben-
zoyl Chloride was prepared to support listings of haz-
ardous constituents of a wide range of waste streams
under Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide health-related
limits for emergency actions under Section 101 of the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensa-
tion and Liability Act (CERCLA). Quantitative estimates
have been presented provided sufficient data are
available. Existing data are insufficient to determine an
Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) or a carcinogenic poten-
cy factor for benzoyl chloride. The Reportable Quantity
(RQ) value of 1,10,100,1000 or 5000 pounds is used
to determine the quantity of a hazardous substance for
which notification is required in the event of a release
as specified by CERCLA based on chronic toxicity. Ex-
isting data are insufficient to determine an RQ value.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Profiles, Hazardous materials,
Chlorine organic compounds, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Adsorption(Biology),
Toxicology, Excretion, Metabolism, 'Health effects,
'Environmental effects, 'Benzoyl chloride, Biological
accumulation, Pharmacokinetics, Environmental Tate,
Environmental transport, Human tolerances, Aquatic
organisms, Risk assessment, CAS 98-88-4.
PB88-220330/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 4-
Bromophenyl Phenyl Ether.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 86,43p EPA/600/X-86/150
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 4-
Bromophenyl Phenyl Ether was prepared to support
listings of hazardous constituents of a wide range of
waste streams under Section 3001 of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to pro-
vide health-related limits for emergency actions under
Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Quantitative estimates have been presented provided
sufficient data are available. Existing data are insuffi-
cient to determine an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) or
a carcinogenic potency factor for 4-bromophenyl
phenyl ether. The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value of 1,
10,100,1000 or 5000 pounds is used to determine the
quantity of a hazardous substance for which notifica-
tion is requured in the event of a release as specified
by CERCLA based on chronic toxicity. Existing data
are insufficient to determine an RQ value.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Profiles, Hazardous materials,
Exposure, Ethers, Concentration(Composition),
Adsorption(Biology), Toxicology. Excretion, 'Health ef-
fects, 'Environmental effects, 'Bromophenyl phenyl
ether, Ether/bromophenyl-phenyl, Biological accumu-
lation, Pharmacokinetics, Environmental fate, Environ-
mental transport, 'Toxic substances, Aquatic orga-
nisms, Risk assessment.
PB88-220348/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chloroacetaldehyde.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 86,53p EPA/600/X-86/151
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chloroacetaldehyde was prepared to support listings
of hazardous constituents of a wide range of waste
streams under Section 3001 of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide
health-related limits for emergency actions under Sec-
tion 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Quantitative estimates have been presented provided
sufficient data are available. Chloroacetaldehyde has
been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An Accept-
able Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount of a
chemical to which humans can be exposed on a daily
basis over an extended period of time (usually a life-
time) without suffering a deleterious effect, for chloroa-
cetaldehyde is 0.007 mg/kg/day for oral exposure.
The Reportable Quantity (HQ) value of 1. 10, 100,
1000 or 5000 pounds is used to determine the quantity
of a hazardous substance for which notification is re-
Suired in the event of a release as specified by
ERCLA based on chronic toxicity. Existing data are
insufficient to determine an RQ value.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Profiles, Hazardous materials,
Exposure,	Acetaldehyde,
Concentration(Composition), Adsorption(Biology),
Toxicology, Excretion, Metabolism, 'Health effects,
'Environmental effects, 'Chloroacetaldehyde, Biologi-
cal accumulation, Pharmacokinetics, Environmental
fate, Environmental transport, Human tolerances,
Aquatic organisms, Risk assessment, CAS 107-20-0.
PB88-220363/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Carcinogen Risk Assessment of Chromium Com-
pounds,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC,
Carcinogen Assessment Group.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
H. J. Gibb, C. W. Chen, and C. B. Hiremath. Jun 88,
50p* EPA/600/D-88/129
Hexavalent chromium has been identified as a human
carcinogen. Evidence to support this contention de-
rives from epidemiologic, animal, and genotoxicity
studies. Although workers exposed to both trivalent
and hexavalent chromium have been shown to be at
an excess risk of respiratory cancer, only hexavalent
chromium has been shown to be carcinogenic in ani-
mals. Both hexavalent and trivalent chromium have
been shown to be mutagenic, but the evidence for hex-
avalent chromium is somewhat stronger than that for
trivalent chromium. The quantitative estimation of the
cancer risk due to hexavalent chromium in the ambient
air is calculated on the basis of lung cancer mortality
data for chromate production workers. The lifetime
respiratory cancer risk due to 1 microgram/cu m) of
hexavalent chromium in the ambient air is estimated to
be 1.2 x .002 on the basis of Mancuso's data and 9.4 x
.003 on the basis of the Braver et al. data.
Keywords: 'Carcinogens, "Chromium inorganic com-
Rounds, Exposure, Concentration(Composition),
lumans, 'Health risks, 'Hexavalent chromium, Lung
cancer.
PB88-220371/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Summary of the Issues with Regard to the Car-
cinogenicity, Mutagenicity, and Exposure of Poly-
cyclic Organic Matter (POM).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Apr 84,286p* EPA/600/8-88/076
Polycyclic organic matter (POM) is emitted from a vari-
ety of sources in the environment. Evidence of the car-
cinogenicity of emissions from coke production, motor
vehicles (includes tire wear), asphalt roofing, paving,
and air blowing, catalytic cracking residential coal
combustion, industrial/utility coal combustion, carbon
black, and iron and steel processes is presented. The
contribution of the POM fraction to the carcinogenicity
of the mixture is evaluated for gasoline engine exhaust
condensate and coal combustion effluent and appears
to contribute the majority of the carcinogenic potential
for those mixtures. Evidence of the mutagenicity of
emissions from coke production, motor vehicles (in-
cluding tire wear), industrial/utility coal combustion,
carbon black, iron and steel processes, forest fires and
open burning, residential solid fuel (wood) combustion,
commercial and other incineration, commercial/indus-
trial oil combustion, residential oil combustion, and as-
phalt roofing, paving, and air blowing is also presented.
The problem in the use of a chemical surrogate to
sample for POM-containing emissions is discussed. A
discussion of the problems in evaluating the carcino-
genic potential of different POM-containing mixtures is
also presented.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Mutagens, 'Exposure, Emis-
sion, Standards, Availability, Evaluation, Hazardous
materials, Toxicity, Coking, Motor vehicles, Asphalts,
Catalytic cracking. Combustion, Carbon black, Sam-
pling, 'Air pollution effects(Humans), 'Stationary
sources, 'Polycyclic organic matter, 'Carcinogenesis,
'Mutagenesis.
PB88-220397/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9):
Operating Industries, Monterey Park, California
(First Remedial Action), July 1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
31 Jul 87,40p EPA/ROD/R09-87/013
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Operating Industries, inc. site, a landfill located in
Monterey Park, California received municipal and in-
dustrial liquid and sludge wastes. EPA took over oper-
ations of gas processing activities and has been con-
ducting site control and monitoring activities at the site
since May 1986. Additionally, EPA has conducted a
number of emergency actions to mitigate potential
threats to public health and the environment. Leachate
generated at the site is a hazardous waste and con-
tains volatile organic compounds including trichlor-
oethene, vinyl chloride, benzene, and toluene. The se-
lected remedial action for the site includes site control
and monitoring activities.
Keywords: "Site surveys, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Leaching, Sites, Recommendations,
Chlorohydrocarbons, Chlorine organic compounds,
Benzene, Toluene, Vinyl chloride, Maps, Water pollu-
tion control, 'Sanitary landfills, 'Solid waste disposal,
'Liquid waste disposal, Volatile organic compounds,
Ethene/trichloro, Refuse derived fuels, Monterey
Park(California), 'Superfund program, 'Environmental
research, 'Remedial actions, Air pollution control, En-
vironmental monitoring.
PB88-220405/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9):
North Hollywood/Burbank Well Field Area 1, San
Fernando Valley Site, California (First Remedial
Action), September 1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
24 Sep 87, 77p EPA/ROD/R09-87/014
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The North Hollywood - Burbank Well Field (NHBWF) is
located within the San Fernando Valley Ground Water
basin, which can provide drinking water for approxi-
mately 500,000 people residing in the San Fernando
Valley and Los Angeles. In 1960 TCE and PCE were
discovered in 25 percent of DWP's wells. In July 1981
DWP and the Southern California Association of Gov-
ernments began a two-year study funded by EPA. The
study revealed the occurrence of ground water con-
tamination plume patterns that are spreading toward
the southeast. The primary contaminant of concern to
the ground water is TCE with PCE and other VOCs
present. The selected remedial action for the site is
ground water pump and treatment using aeration and
granular activated carbon - air filtering units, with dis-
charge to the DWP Pumping Station for chlorination
and distribution. Spent carbon will be removed and re-
placed with fresh carbon, with the spent carbon sched-
uled either for disposal or regeneration. The estimated
capital cost for this remedial action is $2,192,695 with
present worth O&M of $2,284,105.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Potable water,
Water wells, Contamination, Ground water, Aeration,
Activated carbon treatment, Air filters, Chlorination,
Engineering costs, California, 'Superfund program,
'Sanitarylandfills, 'Environmental research, 'Remedi-
al actions, Environmental monitoring, Volatile organic
compounds, Ethylene/trichloro, Liquid waste disposal.
PB88-220413/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9):
Litchfield Airport/Phoenix, Arizona (First Remedi-
al Action), September 1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
29 Sep 87,65p EPA/ROD/R09-87/012
The Litchfield/Phoenix-Goodyear Airport (PGA) site is
divided into a northern and a southern area by a
ground water divide running under the Yuma Road
area. Section 16 (approximately 17 acres) lies in the
southern area and includes the Loral Corporation facil-
ity (formerly owned by Goodyear Aerospace Corpora-
tion) and the Phoenix-Goodyear Airport (formerly
owned by U.S. Navy), both being potential sources of
VOC contamination. Ground water contaminant con-
centrations in Section 16 are at least 100 times greater
than down gradient levels. The Arizona Department of
Health Services discovered solvent and chromium
contamination in the ground water within the PGA
area. Additional sampling in 1982 and 1983 found 18
wells contaminated with TCE. The primary contami-
nants of concern include: trichloroetnene, volatile or-
ganic compounds and chromium. Interim remedial
action for the site is proposed.
Keywords: 'Site surveys, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, 'Aerospace industiy, Organic sol-
vents, Ground water. Recommendations, Chlorohy-
drocarbons, Chlorine organic compounds, Chromium,
Maps, Engineering costs, 'Water pollution control,
'Superfund program, 'Remadial action, Ethene/trich-
loro, Volatile organic compounds, Utchfield(Arizona),
Environmental monitoring, 'Environmental research.
PB88-220488/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Toxicity Reduction Evaluation at the Patapeco
Wastewater Treatment Plant Final rept. Apr 86-Sep
87,
Engineering-Science, Fairfax, VA.
J. A. Botts, J. W. Braswell, E. C. Sullivan, W. L.
Goodfellow, and B. D. Sklar. Jun 88,328p EPA/600/2-
88/034
Prepared in cooperation with EA Engineering, Science,
and Technology, Inc., Sparks, MD., and Baltimore City,
MD. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The EPA and the City of Baltimore (City) entered into a
cooperative agreement to perform a TRE research
study at the City's Patapsco Waste Water Treatment
Plant (Patapsco WWTP). The Patapsco WWTP TRE
represents one of the first case histories of a trades
management program at a municipal wastewater treat-
ment plant. The study characterized treatment plant in-
fluent and operations data and related these data to
wastewater toxicity and inhibition data; characterized
the plant's influent and effluent wastewater toxicity
using definitive EPA bioassays and in-plant toxicity
monitors; evaluated the fate of toxicity and specific
toxic chemicals during treatment; and evaluated tech-
niques to trace toxicity to its source and to identify spe-
cific components of toxicity. A major reduction in toxici-
ty was achieved by the Patapsco WWTP, substantial
acute and chronic toxicity was present in the Patapsco
WWTP effluent. The wastewater fractionation/identM-
cation procedures identified nonpolar organic com-
pounds as the principal toxicants while compounds re-
moved by volatilization and ammonia contributed
lesser amounts of toxicity.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Water treatment,
Waste water, Bioassays, Toxicity, Contaminants, Ef-
fluents, Concentration(Composition), Tabtes(Data),
'Toxicity control, 'Toxic wastewater, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Wastewater treatability.
PB8S-220496/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Electrical Leak Location Method for Gk
brans Liners,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
G. T. Darilek, and J. O. Parra. Jun 88,174p EPA/600/
2-88/035
Grant EPA-R-811771
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Geomembrane liners are sheets of polymeric materi-
als used to prevent leakage of waste from and infiltra-
tion of rainwater into solid waste landfills and surface
impoundments. The method described consists of
voltage applied between the liner and the earth under
the liner which produces a relatively uniform olectricrt
potential distribution in the material of the liner. Leak*
are located by mapping the anomaly in the potential
distribution caused by current flowing through the leak.
The report also describes a computer simulation
model that predicts the effect of a wide range of pa-
rameters on the leak signature; testing on a double-
lined model; and adaptation of the method to leakage
location in cover systems. It also discusses other leak-
age detection methods including tracer gas injection
and detection, ground-penetrating radar, and infrared
imaging.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Detectors, 'Elec-
tric measuring instruments, 'Leakage, Monitors, Earth
fills, Computerized simulation, 'Solid waste disposal
Impoundments, Geomembrane liners, Land disuloaal!
Tracer techniques, Ground penetrating radar, InWed
imagery.
PB8S-220504/H3U	PC A16/MF M1
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, QA.
CORMIX1: An Expert System for Mixing
Analysis of Toxic and Conventional, Single Port
Aquatic Dischargee,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. Dept. of Environmental Engi-
neering.	~
R. L. Doneker, and G. H. Jirka. Jun 88,367p* EPA/'
600/3-88/013
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Athena,
GA.
An expert system, CORMIX1, was developed to ISM.
diet the dilution and trajectory of a single buoyant dfe.
charge Into an unstratified aquatic environment with
and without crossflow. The system uses knowtMna
and inference rules obtained from hydrodynamicexl
perts to classify and predict buoyant fat mbdnn
CORMIX1 gathers the necessary data, checks for dab
consistency, assembles and executes the appropriate
hydrodynamtc simulation models, interprets ftereetJlX
of the simulation in terms of the legal requirement*?
eluding toxic discharge criteria, and suggests dMfan
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
alternatives to improve dilution characteristics. The re-
sults of the hydrodynamic simulation are in good to ex-
cellent agreement with field and laboratory data. In
particular, CORMIX1 correctly predicts highly complex
discharge situations involving boundary interactions
and buoyant intrusions, a result not predicted by other
currently available initial mixing models.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, Dilution, Mathe-
matic models, Standards, Computer programs, FOR-
TRAN, "CORMIX1 program, "Point source, 'Water
quality management, Path of pollutants, Toxic sub-
stances.
PB88-220660/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Guidance for the Registration of Pesticide
Product* Containing Chlorinated Isocyanurates
as the Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
20 May 88,85|J EPA/540/RS-88/077
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of date requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA In arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricultural prod-
ucts, Public health, Regulations, Ecology, Manufactur-
ing, Toxicology, Disinfectants, Fungicides, Pest con-
trol, Swimming pools, "Reregistration, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Isocyanuric acid/ dichloro, 'Isocyanuric
acid/dichloro-potassium, 'Isocyanuric acid/dichloro-
sodium, 'Isocyanuric acid/trichloro, 'Isocyanuric
acid/dichloro-sodium dihydrate, CAS 2782-57-2, CAS
2244-21-5, CAS 2893-78-9, CAS 87-90-1, CAS 30622-
37-8, CAS 51580-86-0, Federal Insecticide Fungicide
and Rodenticide Act.
PB88-220686/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Use of Short-Term Bloassays in Estimating
Human Health Hazards of Wastewater Effluents,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH. Toxicol-
ogy and Microbiology Div.
L. W. Condie, C. E. Easterly, and L. R. Glass. Jun 88,
17p* EPA/600/D-88/132
Prepared in cooperation with Oak Ridge National Lab.,
TN. Health and Safety Research Div.
Effluents from wastewater treatment facilities are dis-
charged as a complex mixture of numerous chemical
substances, which may include cytotoxic, carcinogenic
and mutagenic compounds. The U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency has recently established a research
program to determine if a bioassay approach for evalu-
ating the potential adverse human health effects from
exposure to complex mixtures might supplement con-
ventional chemical analysis for setting regulatory limits
for wastewaters. The paper summarizes a bioassay
testing strategy for characterizing cytotoxic and muta-
genic activity of various wastewater effluents. The use
of a relative potency framework for assessing complex
mixtures for potential health hazards is addressed.
Keywords: 'Bioassay, 'Wastewater, 'Hazardous ma-
terials, Regulations, Mixtures, Mutagens, Effluents,
'Chemical effluents, 'Water pollution detection,
'Toxic substances, 'Risk assessment, Health effects,
Health hazards, Cytotoxlns, Carcinogens, Wastewater
treatment facilities.
PB88-220694/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Automation of the Resistivity Measurement tor
Fly Ash,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
S. L. Nolen, G. H. Ramsey, and D. E. Elliott. Jun 88,
13p EPA/600/D-88-131
Contract EPA-68-02-3988
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lao.
The article describes the automation of the resistivity
measurement for fly ash. Fly ash resistivity is an impor-
tant consideration in the operation of particulate con-
trol devices based on electrostatic principles (the
higher the resistivity of the fly ash, the more difficult it is
to collect). Because of the need for characterization of
fly ash resistivity and the large amount of time required
to conduct the manual test, it was decided to automate
the test. A standard (STD) bus computer was used in
the automated test to monitor the temperature, collect
current readings, and transfer the data to a personal
computer. The personal computer was programmed to
calculate and plot the results from the data received
from the STD computer. The automated system tracks
the manual system closely. It also consistently pro-
duces smoother curves and is very precise for dupli-
cate runs. Most importantly, operator time for the test
was reduced from about 6.5 hours per test to about 1
hour, thereby improving productivity.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, "Fly ash,
Automation, 'Particulate sampling, Stationary sources,
Computer applications, Electrical resistivity.
PB88-220702/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Flow Separation Conditions at Pipe Walls of
Water Distribution Mains,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. G. Eilers, and R. M. Clark. Jun 88,14p EPA/600/D-
88/130
Biofilm formations on pipe walls have been found in
potable water distribution mains. The biofilm layers
contribute to accelerated corrosion rates, increased
flow resistance, and formation of encrustations that
may deteriorate drinking water quality. Research to
evaluate the dependency on viscous pipe flow param-
eters and conditions at the pipe wall was identified
from experiments and analysis of biological rates of
formation for the growth process and sloughing away
of constituents.
Keywords: 'Boundary layer separation, 'Potable
water, 'Water pipelines, Corrosion, Viscous flow,
Water pollution, Pipe flow, 'Biofilms.
PB88-220710/H8U	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Recycle of Modified Fly Ash from Furnace Sor-
bent Injection. Rept. for Jun 87-Feb 88,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
N. Kresovich, N. Kaplan, E. A. Stokes, C. C. Clark, and
R. S. Dahlin. Jun 88,20p EPA/600/D-88/128
Grant EPA-R-812811
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper discusses technical and economic studies
to assess the impact of recycle on the furnace sorbent
injection process. Levelized costs of various recycle
schemes were compared to baseline (non-recycle)
costs using the EPA LIMB Cost Model and the LIMB
Recycle Model. Laboratory and pilot-scale tests were
performed to evaluate the technical feasibility of the
recycle schemes. Use of recycle to enable replace-
ment of expensive hydrated lime sorbent with lime-
stone suggested possible savings of 21 percent in 15-
year levelTzed costs per ton of S02 removed. The
process may not be feasible, however, due to sorbent
disintegration. Recycle with quicklime and hydrated
lime as sorbents gave projected savings of up to $79
and $127 per ton of S02 removed, respectively. Pilot-
scale studies showed that 78-90 percent hydration of
unused sorbent could be achieved in 30-263 minutes.
Of the separation processes investigated, only cyclon-
ic separation and steam elutriation were found to be
feasible.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Furnaces, 'Sulfur di-
oxide, 'Fly ash, 'Sorbents, 'Cost analysis, Pilot plants,
Limestone, Disintegration, Calcium oxides, Cyclone
separators, 'Waste recycling, 'Furnace sorbent injec-
tion, 'Stationary sources.
PB88-220728/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chlorthlophos.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Apr 86,38p EPA/600/X-86/333
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Chlorthiophos was prepared to support listings of haz-
ardous constituents of a wide range of waste streams
under Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide health-related
limits for emergency actions under Section 101 of the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensa-
tion and Liability Act (CERCLA). Chlorthiophos has
been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An Accept-
able Daily Intake (ADI), for chlorthiophos is 0.8 micro-
gram/kg/day for oral exposure. The Reportable Quan-
tity (RQ) value of 1, 10, 100, 1000 or 500 pounds is
used to determine the quantity of a hazardous sub-
stance for which notification is required in the event of
a release as specified by CERCLA based on chronic
toxicity. Existing data are insufficient to determine an
RQ value.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Profiles, Hazardous materials,
Exposure,	Concentration(Composition),
Adsorption(Biology), Toxicology, Excretion, Metabo-
lism, 'Health effects, 'Environmental effects,
'Chlorthiophos, Biological accumulation, Pharmaco-
kinetics, Environmental fate, Environmental transport,
Human tolerances, Aquatic organisms, Risk assess-
ment, CAS 60238-56-4, CAS 21923-23-9.
PB88-220736/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bro-
mophos.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Apr 86, 84p EPA/600/X-86/335
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Bro-
mophos was prepared to support listings of hazardous
constituents of a wide range of waste streams under
Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act (RCRA) and to provide health-related limits
for emergency actions under Section 101 of the Com-
prehensive Environmental Response, Compensation
and Liability Act (CERCLA). Both published literature
and Information obtained from Agency program office
files were evaluated as they pertained to potential
human health, aquatic life and environmental effects
of hazardous waste constituents. Quantitative esti-
mates have been presented provided sufficient data
are available. Bromophos has been determined to be a
systemic toxicant. An Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI),
defined as the amount of a chemical to which humans
can be exposed on a daily basis over an extended
period of time (usually a lifetime) without suffering a
deleterious effect, for bromophos is 0.005 mg/kg/oay
for oral exposure. The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value
of 1,10,100,1000 or 5000 pounds is used to deter-
mine the quantity of a hazardous substance for which
notification is required in the event of a release as
specified by CERCLA based on chronic toxicity. The
FIQ value for bromophos is 100.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, "Profiles, Hazardous materials.
Insecticides, Hydrolysis, Oxidation, Photolysis, Degra-
dation, Adsorption, Leaching, Absorptlon(Biology),
Metabolism, Excretion, Standards, Exposure, "Envi-
ronmental effects, "Environmental health, "Bro-
mophes, "Toxic Substances. CAS 2104-96-3, Aquatic
organisms, Risk assessment, Phosphorothioic add/
(bromo-dichlorophenyl)-dimethyl ester, Environmental
transport, Pharmacokinetics, Biological accumulation,
Human tolerances.
PB88-220744/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dl-
methylphenols.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 86, 84p EPA/600/X-86/256
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Di-
methylphenols was prepared to support listings of haz-
ardous constituents of a wide range of waste streams
under Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide health-related
limits for emergency actions under Section 101 of the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensa-
tion and Liability Act (CERCLA). Dimethylphenols has
been determined to be a systemic toxicant. Reference
Doses (RfD), for 2,6-dimethylphenol and 3,4-dimethyl-
phenol are 0.042 and 0.098 mg/day, respectively, for
oral exposure. The Reportable Quantity (RQ) values
for 2,6-dimethylphenol and 3,4-dimethylphenol are
100 and 1000, respectively. Existing data are insuffi-
cient to determine an RQ value for 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5- and
3,5-dimethylphenol.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Profiles, Hazardous materials,
Exposure, Aromatic monocyclic hydrocarbons,
Concentration(Composition), Adsorption(Biology),
Toxicology, Excretion, Metabolism, Standards,
'Health effects, 'Environmental effects, 'Dimethyl-
phenols, 'Toxic substances, Biological accumulation,
Pharmacokinetics, Environmental fate, Environmental
transport, Human tolerances, Aquatic organisms, Risk
assessment, CAS 526-75-0, CAS 105-67-9, CAS 95-
87-4, CAS 576-26-1, CAS 95-65-8, CAS 108-68-9.
PB88-220751/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile tor
Dlethylforamide.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 86, 41 p EPA/600/X-86/158
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Diethylformamide was prepared to support listings of
hazardous constituents of a wide range of waste
streams under Section 3001 of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide
health-related limits for emergency actions under Sec-
tion 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Diethylformamide has been determined to
be a systemic toxicant. An Acceptable Daily Intake
(ADI), defined as the amount of a chemical to which
humans can be exposed on a daily basis over an ex-
tended period of time (usually a lifetime) without suffer-
ing a deleterious effect, for diethylformamide is 0.011
mg/kg/day for oral exposure. Existing data are insuffi-
cient to determine a (Reportable Quantity) value.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Profiles, Hazardous materials,
Exposure, Amides, Concentration(Composition), Toxi-
cology, Standards, Laboratory animals, 'Health ef-
fects, 'Environmental effects, 'Diethylformamide,
'Toxic substances, Formamide/diethyl, CAS 617-84-
5, Environmental fate, Environmental transport,
Human tolerances, Aquatic organisms, Risk assess-
ment.
PB88-220769/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dlnl-
trocresols.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jul 86,94p* EPA/600/X-86/197
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Dini-
trocresols was prepared to support listings of hazard-
ous constituents of a wide range of waste streams
under Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide health-related
limits for emergency actions under Section 101 of the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensa-
tion and Liability Act (CERCLA). Dinitrocresols has
been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An Accept-
able Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount or a
chemical to which humans can be exposed on a daily
basis over an extended period of time (usually a life-
time) without suffering a deleterious effect, for 4,6-dini-
trocresol is 0.001 mg/kg/day for inhalation exposure.
The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value of 1, 10, 100,
1000 or 5000 pounds is used to determine the quantity
of a hazardous substance for which notification is re-
quired in the event of a release as specified by
CERCLA based on chronic toxicity. The RQ value for
4,6-dinitro-o-cresol is 100. Existing data are Insufficient
to determine an RQ value for 2,6-dinitro-p-cresol.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Profiles, Hazardous materials,
Exposure,	Concentration(Composition),
Adsorption(Biology), Toxicology, Excretion, Metabo-
lism, 'Health effects, 'Environmental effects, 'Dinitro-
cresols, Biological accumulation, Pharmacokinetics,
Environmental fate, Environmental transport, Human
tolerances, Aquatic organisms, Risk assessment, CAS
1335-85-9.
PIUfU330926/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Suoerfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9):
ISR Gabriel Area 1 Site, California (First Remedial
Action) September 1987. Final rept.
Environmental	DC'
30 Sep 87, 77p EPA/ROD/R09-87/015
See also PB85-214120.
In 1980, the State of California, in an extensive well
water testing program in the San Gabriel basin, found
numerous wells contaminated with TCE, PCE and
other chlorinated hydrocarbons. In May 1984, EPA
Region IX's Regional Administrator signed a Record of
Decision (ROD) selecting air stripping treatment as the
most cost-effective initial remedial measure (IRM) to
provide the three mutual water companies in El Monte
with a source of uncontaminated water. The selected
interim remedial action for the site includes: installation
of an activated carbon adsorption system for treat-
ment of well discharge at the Richwood Mutual Water
Company completion of the design and development
of bid documents for the Rurban Homes system, moni-
toring of this system with implementation of a carbon
adsorption system if monitoring results show an in-
crease in well contaminant levels; and based on future
determinations, if necessary, an upgrade to the Hem-
lock system. The estimated capital cost for the select-
ed remedy is $1,616,100 - $1,771,800 with annual
O&M of $181,400 - $303,100.
Keywords: 'Site surveys, 'Water pollution control,
'Water wells, "San Gabriel area 1 site, 'Chlorohydro-
carbons, Public health, Concentration(Composition),
Contamination, Water supply, Strlpping(Distilation),
California, Activated carbon treatment, Capitalized
costs, Engineering costs, Ground water, "Superfund
program, *EPA region 9, 'Environmental research,
'Remedial actions, Environmental monitoring, El
Monte(California), Ethylene/trichloro, Ethylene/tetra-
chloro, Air quality.
PB88-220934/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9):
Stringfellow Acid Pits Site, Glen Avon, California
(Second Remedial Action), June 1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
25 Jun 87,46p EPA/ROD/R09-87/016
See also PB85-214153.
The Stringfellow site is located in Riverside County,
California. Approximately 34,000,000 gallons of indus-
trial waste, primarily from metal finishing, electroplat-
ing, and DDT production were deposited in onsite
evaporation ponds. In 1972, the site was voluntarily
closed. The primary contaminants of concern affecting
onsite and downgradient ground water include: organ-
ics including TCE, inorganics, and metals. The select-
ed remediaf action for the site includes: installation of a
ground water barrier system in the lower canyon area
and treatment of extracted ground water, if necessary,
followed by discharge to a publicly owned treatment
works installation of a peripheral channel around the
north end of the original site to direct upgradient sur-
face water runoff; and extension of the existing gunite
channels southward to discharge surface water to
Pyrite Creek.
Keywords: 'Site surveys, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, 'Industrial waste treatment, DDT, In-
dustrial wastes, Chlorine organic compounds, Chloro-
hydrocarbons, Maps, Ground water, Surface waters,
Electroplating, Metal finishing, Metals, Sulfates, Ni-
trates, Fluorides, Recommendations, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Water pollution control, Ethene/trichloro,
'Superfund program, Volatile organic compounds, Riv-
erside County(California), Glen Avon(California), 'Re-
medial action, 'Environmental research, Heavy
metals.
PB88-220942/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
South Brunswick, New Jersey (Second Remedial
Action), September 1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 87, 93p EPA/ROD/R02-87/052
The Browning-Ferris Industries South Brunswick Land-
fill (BFI) is a closed landfill in Middlesex County, New
Jersey. The site is in close proximity to a brook that
feeds into a public drinking water supply 10 miles
downstream. For more than twenty years the site oper-
ated, under two separate owners, as a solid waste
landfill that received municipal refuse, pesticides,
chemical wastes and hazardous wastes. The site was
officially closed in December 1978. A site investigation
revealed elevated levels of VOCs and iron in the
ground water and surface water. The selected remedi-
al action for the site includes onsite containment
(leachate collection/treatment system, slurry wall, clay
cap, gas venting system), which was initiated in May
1983 and completed on September 1985; and post-re-
medial ground water, surface and air monitoring.
Keywords: 'Site surveys, 'Hazardous materials,
Ground water, Surface waters, Recommendations,
Tables(Data), Maps, 'Solid waste disposal, "Sanitary
landfills, 'Water pollution control, Iron, Volatile organic
compounds, South Brunswick(New Jersey), Environ-
mental monitoring.
PB88-220959/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
Gold Coast, Florida (First Remedial Action), Sep-
tember 1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
11 Sep 87, 85p EPA/ROD/R04-87/028
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Gold Coast Oil Corporation (GCO) site is located
within a commercial/industrial/residential area and lo-
cated over the Biscayne Aquifer, the sole source aqui-
fer for the area. GCO, along with Solvent Extraction,
Inc., were in the business of distilling mineral spirits
lacquer thinner and reclaiming solvents. Blowdown
from these operations was sprayed directly onto the
ground and 53 drums of sludge-contaminated soil
were stored onsite. No waste was shipped offsite
during the 11 years of operation. Investigations of ille-
gally dumped and stored sludge and onsite wells took
place in 1980 and in 1981. In 1982 CSX Transportation
evicted GCO from the property and agreed to voluntar-
ily clean up the site. Soil and ground water are con-
taminated with TCE, PCE, other VOCS, lead and other
heavy metals. The selected remedial action for this
site are given. The estimated total cost for this remedi-
al action is $3,711,600 with present worth O&M of
$74,850.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Site surveys, •In-
dustrial waste treatment, Distillation, Ground water.
Solvents, Lacquers, Sludge, Soils, Hazardous materi-
als, Contamination, Chlorohydrocarbons, Engineering
costs, 'Superfund program, 'Sanitary landfills, "Envi-
ronmental research, "Remedial action, Environmental
monitoring, Volatile organic compounds, Heavy
metals, Miami(Florida), Municipal wastes, 'Liquid
waste disposal.
PB88-220983/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 8):
Central City/Clear Creek, Colorado (First Remedi-
al Action), September 1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 87,162p EPA/ROD/R08-87/016
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The focus is on five abandoned mines/tunnels proxi-
mal to the cities of Idaho Springs, Black Hawk and
Central City and the influence of acid mine drainage
from those tunnels on adjacent stream courses. Sur-
face water contamination results from acid mine drain-
age emanating from the five tunnels and from seepage
of ground water through tailings piles both proximal to
these tunnels and along stream courses. Approximate-
ly 1,200 lbs per day of dissolved and suspended
metals are discharged to the Clear Creek drainage
from the five mine tunnels. These dissolved and sus-
pended metal loadings have resulted in a significant
depletion of aquatic life and have potential impact to
sediments and downstream users of surface and
ground water. There are ten contaminants of concern
including aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, chromium
copper, fluoride, lead, manganese, nickel, silver and
zinc. Interim remedies are described.
Keywords:	"Hazardous	materials
'Mines(Excavations), "Industrial waste treatment!
'Metals, Recommendations, Sites, Maps, Qround
water, Surface waters, Sediments, Fluorides, 'Water
pollution control, 'Acid mine drainage, Toxic sub-
stances, Water pollution effects(Humans), Water dol.
lution effects(Animals), Aquatic organisms, Clear
Creek County(Colorado), 'Superfund program, 'Envi-
ronmental research, 'Remedial actions, QiMn
County(Colorado), Central City(Colorado), Environ-
mental monitoring.
PB88-220991/HSU	PC A0C/MF *01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Reoionjiv.
Powersvllla Landfill, Georgia (First RemedfaS
Action), September 1987. Final rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
30 Sep 87,112p EPA/ROD/R0-87/029
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The Powersville Landfill, which occupies approximate-
ly 15 acres, is located in Peach County, Georgia. Dis-
posal records indicate pesticide manufacturing wastes
were disposed of in the municipal section of the landfill
prior to June 1973 and in the hazardous waste area
between June 1973 and 1978. The landfill was closed
in 1979 due to its location in a highly permeable sand
and gravel aquifer. The primary contaminants of con-
cern affecting the soil and ground water include: VOCs
(vinyl chloride), organics, heavy metals (lead and chro-
mium) and pesticides. The selected remedial action for
the site includes: surface capping of hazardous waste
and municipal fill areas using artifical material or clay,
with grading, drainage and closure; installation of eight
additional monitor wells (at a minimum) in the upper
region of the aquifer to determine cap area leaching or
migration; and extension of the municipal water supply
pipe line as an alternate water supply.
Keywords: 'Site surveys, 'Water pollution control,
'Earth fills, Hazardous materials, Waste disposal,
Ground water, Industrial waste treatment, Soils, Engi-
neering costs, Pesticides, Vinyl chloride, Sanitary engi-
neers, Lead(Metal), Chromium, 'Sanitary landfills,
'Solid waste disposal, 'Superfund programs, 'Reme-
dial action, Municipal wastes, Heavy metals, Volatile
organic compounds, Environmental monitoring, 'Envi-
ronmental research, Peach County(Georgia).
PBM-221007/HSU	PC AOS
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
New Brlghton/Arden Hllis/TCAAP, Minnesota
(Third Remedial Action), September 1987. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
25 Sep 87, 78p EPA/ROD/ R05-87/058
See also PB85-213940.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The Twin Cities Army Ammunition Plant (TCAAP) is lo-
cated north of the Twin Cities of Minneapolis/St. Paul,
Minnesota and comprises the northern edge of the
New Brighton/Arden Hills/St. Anthony (NBAHSA) Su-
perfund NPL site. The U.S. Army estimates aproxima-
tely 26 pounds per day of VOC contaminants are mi-
grating off TCAAP into the ground water at the south-
west boundary of TCAAP. This contamination is mi-
grating in both the Hillside Sand Aquifer and the
deeper Prairie du Chien/Jordan Aquifer (both are
aquifers that supply water to the cities of New Brighton
and St. Anthony). The primary contaminants of con-
cern affecting the ground water include: PCBs, ben-
zene, toluene, TCE, VOCs, arsenic, chromium, lead,
and metals. The selected remedial action for this site
includes: operation of a six-well system to extract
ground water migrating from the southwest comer of
TCAAP and treatment with air stripping.
Keywords: 'Site surveys, 'Water pollution control,
'water wells, 'New Brighton site, 'Earth fills. Sol-
vents, Water supply, Ground water, Water quality,
Contaminants, Public health, Fluid filters,
Strtpping(Dlstilation), Solid waste disposal, Capitalized
costs, Hazardous materials, Engineering costs. Waste
disposal, 'Superfund program, 'Environmental re-
search, 'Remedial action, Liquid waste disposal, New
Brighton(Minnesota), Volatile organic compounds.
PB88-221015/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
FMC Corporation, Minnesota (Second Remedial
Action), September 1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Sep 87,73p EPA/ROD/R05-87/059
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The FMC site, in the City of Fridley, Minnesota is ap-
Pximately 1,000 feet east of the Mississippi River,
: north of the City of Minneapolis, and upstream of
the City of Minneapolis drinking water intake. Investi-
gation revealed historical waste disposal practices and
found contamination of the ground water and Missis-
sippi River. Currently underlying ground water and allu-
vial aquifers with discharge to the Mississippi River are
contaminated with trichloroethene (TCE), Porchlor-
oethylene (PCE), benzene, toluene, xylene and other
volatile organic compounds (VOCs). TCE has been es-
timated to account for 98 percent of the contaminant
loading. The selected remedial action for the site in-
cludes: ground water pump and treatment with dis-
charge to a sewer system; ground water monitoring;
and Implementation of institutional controls with land
use restrictions to mitigate against near-term usage of
contaminated ground water between the site and the
Mississippi River.
Keywords: 'Site surveys, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, 'Industrial waste treatment,
Aquifers, Ground water, Recommendations, Chlorohy-
drocarbons, Chlorine organic compounds, Maps, Ben-
zene, Toluene, Xylene, Water pollution control. Vola-
tile organic compounds, Ethene/trichloro, Ethene/tet-
rachloro, Volatile organic compounds,
Fridley(Minnesota), Mississippi River, 'Superfund pro-
gram, 'Environmental research, 'Remedial actions.
PB88-221023/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
Sand Springs Petrochemical Complex, Tulsa
County, Oklahoma (First Remedial Action), 29
September 1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
29 Sep 87,96p EPA/ROD/R06-87/024
The Sand Springs Petrochemical Complex is a 235-
acre site in Sand Springs, Oklahoma on the northern
bank of the Arkansas River. The site includes acid
sludge pits, a surface impoundment, spray ponds, sol-
vent and waste lagoons, surficial sludge contamina-
tion, solvent and waste oil lagoons and contaminated
sediments. While both soil and ground water are con-
taminated, the Record of Decision addresses surface
liquids, sludges and heavily contaminated soils. The
primary contaminants of concern are organic pollut-
ants: bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and toluene and inor-
?anic compounds: lead, zinc, chromium and barium,
he selected remedial action for the site is onsite ther-
mal destruction of wastes. ARCO Petroleum Products
Company proposed a remedy that includes excavation
and offsite thermal destruction of sludges; solidifica-
tion and/or stabilization of all remaining sludges with
containment of the resulting matrix in an onsite hazard-
ous waste RCRA cell; and implementation of chemical
and physical treatability studies.
Keywords: 'Site surveys, 'Hazardous materials, 'In-
dustrial waste treatment, 'Waste disposal, Metals, Tol-
uene, Phthalates, Surface waters, Recommendations,
Maps, 'Petrochemical industry, 'Pollution control.
Sludges, Land pollution, Water pollution control, Sand
Springs(Oklahoma), Benzenedicarboxylic acid/
bis(ethylhexyl ester), 'Superfund program, 'Environ-
mental research, 'Remedial actions, Volatile organic
compounds, Environmental monitoring, Phthalatic
acid/bis(ethylhexyl ester).
PB88-221098/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Enforcement and Permits.
NPDES (National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System) Compliance Inspection Manual (May
1988).
SRA Technologies, Inc., Alexandria, VA.
May 88,229p*
Contracts EPA-68-01-6514, EPA-68-01-7050
Supersedes PB85-115897. Prepared in cooperation
with Science Applications International Corp., McLean,
VA. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Water Enforcement and
Permits.
The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) Compliance Inspection Manual has been de-
veloped to support inspection personnel in conducting
field investigations fundamental to the NPDES compli-
ance program and to provide inspectors with standard-
ized procedures for conducting complete, accurate in-
spections. The Information presented in the manual
will guide a qualified inspector in conducting an accu-
rate inspection. The manual presents standard proce-
dures for inspection; it is assumed the inspector has a
working knowledge of wastewater and related prob-
lems, regulations, and control technologies. The
manual will serve the experienced inspector as a flexi-
ble and easy reference. New Inspection personnel will
find support in the orderly and detailed presentation of
the material. The manual presents the most current in-
formation on NPDES compliance inspections available
at the time of publication.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Water pollution control,
'Industrial waste treatment. Inspection, Manuals,
Sampling, Flow measurement, Licenses, Standards,
Requirements, Safety, Reporting, Evaluation, Regula-
tions, National Pollution Discharge Elimination System.
PB88-221940/HSU	CP T08
OZIPM-4 (Ozone laopleth Plotting with Optional
Mechanisms, Version 4) Source Code. Software,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
M. C. Dodge, and H. Hogo. Jan 88, mag tape* EPA/
SW/MT-88/053
Supercedes PB87-153037.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. Call
NTIS Computer Products if you have questions. Price
includes documentation, PB88-221957 and PB88-
221965.
A software package has been developed to enable a
user to estimate EKMA control strategies using a new
Carbon Bond Mechanism known as CBM-IV. The pro-
gram is called Ozone Isopleth Plotting with Optional
Mechanisms/Version 4 (OZIPM-4). The program has
the capability of accepting a chemical mechanism
other than the default CBM-IV that is stored internally
in the program. Included with the source code are five
examples of OZIPM-4 simulations. The use of the
OZIPM-4 program is described in the EPA Report
'User's Guide for Executing OZIPM-4 with CBM-IV or
Optional Mechanisms. '...Software Description: The
program is written in the FORTRAN programming lan-
guage for implementation on a PRIME 750+ computer
using the REV 19 + operating system. 400K bytes of
core storage are required to operate the model.
Keywords: "Software, 'Air pollution, 'Ozone, 'Nomo-
graphs, 'Carbon, 'Chemical bonds, 'Plotting, Control,
Magnetic tapes, 'Air quality, 'Ozone isopleths, 'At-
mospheric Chemistry, L = FORTRAN, H = PRIME-
750.
PB88-221957/HSU	PC A11 /MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
User's Quids for Executing OZIPM-4 (Ozone Iso-
pleth Plotting with Optional Mechanisms, Version
4) with CBM-IV (Carbon-Bond Mechanlsms-IV) or
Optional Mechanisms. Volume 1. Description of
the Ozone Isopleth Plotting Package. Version 4.
Final rept. Jul 85-Jun 87,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
H. Hogo, and M. W. Gery. May 88,240p* EPA/600/8-
B8/073A, EPA/SW/MT-88/053A
Contract EPA-68-02-4136
For system on magnetic tape, see PB88-221940. See
also Volume 2, PB88-221965. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
An updated version of the Ozone Isopleth Plotting Pro-
gram has been developed for use with EKMA to calcu-
late emission reductions needed to achieve the air
quality standard for ozone. The program, called
OZIPM-IV (Ozone Isopleth Plotting with Optional
Mechanisms - Version IV), contains the new Carbon-
Bond Mechanism-IV (CBM-IV). In addition to contain-
ing a new mechanism, the OZiPM-IV expands on earli-
er versions of the code by providing a wider compatibil-
ity between computers, an improved isopleth plotting
package, expanded user interaction with control strat-
egy calculations and a new option for determining
credits for reductions in carbon monoxide emissions.
Volume 1 of the report serves as the User's Manual for
OZIPM-IV. Volume 2 contains the listing of the FOR-
TRAN computer code.
Keywords: Documentation, 'Air pollution, 'Ozone,
'Nomographs, 'Carbon, 'Chemical bonds, 'Charbon
monoxide, Plotting, Compatability, 'Air quality, 'Ozone
isopleths, 'Atmospheric chemistry, User
manuals(Computer programs).
PB88-221965/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
User's QuMa for Executing OZIPM-4 (Ozone Iso-
pleth Plotting with Optional Mechanisms, Version
4) with CBM-IV (Carbon-Bond Mechanism-IV) or
Optional Mechanisms. Volume 2. Computer Code.
Final rept. Jul 85-Jun 87,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
H. Hogo, and M. W. Gery. May 88,175p* EPA/600/8-
88/073B, EPA/SW/MT-88/053B
Contract EPA-68-02-4136
For system on magnetic tape, see PB88-221940. See
also Volume 1, PB88-221957. Sponsored by Environ-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
An updated version of the Ozone Isopleth Plotting Pro-
gram has been developed for use with EKMA to calcu-
late emission reductions needed to achieve the air
quality standard for ozone. The program, called
OZIPM-IV (Ozone Isopleth Plotting with Optional
Mechanisms - Version IV), contains the new Carbon-
Bond Mechanism-IV (CBM-IV). In addition to contain-
ing a new mechanism, the OZIPM-IV expands on earli-
er versions of the code by providing a wider compatibil-
ity between computers, an improved isopleth plotting
package, expanded user interaction with control strat-
egy calculations and a new option for determining
credits for reductions in carbon monoxide emissions.
Volume 1 of the report serves as the User's Manual for
OZIPM-IV. Volume 2 contains the listing of the FOR-
TRAN computer code.
Keywords: Documentation, *Air pollution, 'Ozone,
•Nomographs, 'Carbon, "Chemical bonds, "Plotting,
"Carbon monoxide, "Air quality, "Ozone isopleths,
"Atmospheric chemistry, User manuals(Computer pro-
grams).
PB88-222542/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Regional Chemical Characteristic* of Lakes In
North America. Part 2: Eastern United States.
Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
R. A. Linthurst, D. H. Landers, J. M. Eilers, P. E. Kellar,
and D. F. Brakke. C1986,17p" EPA/600/J-86/465
Pub. in Water, Air and Soil Pollution, v31 p577-591
1986. Prepared in cooperation with State Univ. of New
York Coll. at Oswego, Northrop Services, Inc., Corval-
lis, OR., Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.,
and Western Washington Univ., Bellingnam. Inst, for
Watershed Studies.
The objective of the paper is to explore the chemical
relationships among lakes receiving sulfate loading
from atmospheric deposition In the eastern United
States, using a uniformly generated data base that was
subjected to rigorous quality assurance protocols.
Specifically, the questions posed here are: (1) Do pH
and concentrations of Acid Neutralizing Capacity
(ANC), sulfate and organic anion in lakes show pat-
terns that can be distinguished regionally. (2) Are sul-
fate concentrations in lakes inversely related to ANC
concentration. (3) are increased organic anion con-
centrations directly related to ANC concentrations.
These are addressed with the assumption that atmos-
pheric deposition of strong acids, principally sulfuric
acid, can produce acidic lakes. Of interest in the au-
thors analysis is to determine that patterns are region-
al in nature, what relationships are not valid on a re-
gional scale, and to define the specific sub populations
of lakes where acidic deposition effects are observed.
(Copyright (c) 1986 D. Reidel Publishing Company.)
Keywords: "Acidification, "Inorganic sulfates, "Air pol-
lution, "Water pollution, "Lakes, Sampling, Acidity, Sul-
furic acid, Anions, Concentratlon(Composition), Chem-
ical analysis, pH, Chromatographic analysis, Dissolved
organic matter, Carbon, Neutralizing, Populations,
Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), Repnnts, "Eastern
Region(United States).
PB88-223284/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Ozone Uptake In Awake Sprague-Dawley Rate.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. J. Wiester, T. B. Williams, M. E. King, M. G.
Menache, and F. J. Miller. C1987,11p EPA/600/J-87/
366
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v89
p429-437 1987. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop
Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Knowledge of ozone (03) uptake in rats is integral to
efforts to quantitatively extrapolate animal data to
man. The authors have measured percent uptake 30
adult Sprague Dawley rats exposed, nose only, for 1 hr
to 0 3 0 6 or 1.0 ppm 03. Resting breathing measure-
ments were obtained by plethysmography whie
changes in ozone, oxygen, and carbon dioxide, due to
animal breathing, were computed. Ozone uptake was
calculated by a fractional deposition technique, i.e. 03
in vs 03 out. Pulmonary 03 uptake was found to be
approximately 40 percent of thatJh^3v®iune
did not vary over time nor was it affected by 03 con-
centration. Although ozone uptake did not appear to
be influenced by ventilatoiy changes within normal
breathing limits, it was positively correlated with respi-
ratory gas exchange. The quantitative retention of 03
by the respiratory epithelium increased proportionally
with 03 concentration and minute volume. (Copyright
(c) 1987 Academic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: "Ozone, "Rats, "Respiratory system, Labo-
ratory animals, Concentration(Composition), Expo-
sure, Reprints, "Inhalation, "Biological effects, Health
effects, Sprague-Dawley rats.
PB88-223292/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Improving the Use of Epidemiologic Data In
Health Risk Assessment. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
L. S. Erdreich, and C. Burnett. C1985,19p EPA/600/J-
85/528
Pub. in Toxicology and Industrial Health, v1 n4 p65-81
1985. Prepared in cooperation with National Inst, for
Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH.
Epidemiolic data with quantitative exposure measures
is infrequently available for specific environmental
agents. The paper discusses screening and evaluating
epidemiologic studies for use in assessing health risk.
The approach recognizes that the various designs
used to increase statistical power and to control for co-
variables have different functions in contemporary risk
assessment as practiced by regulatory agencies. Each
of these study designs is categorized for its role in risk
analysis as useful for hazard identification or for dose-
response assessment. The numerical level of the ex-
posure data is a deciding factor in using valid epide-
miologic studies. However, data measured on an ordi-
nal scale can be used in qualitative assessments and
can demonstrate the strength of the relationship. The
application of the procedure is illustrated using epide-
miologic studies on the carcinogenicity of chemicals
contaminated with dioxins.
Keywords: "Epidemiology, "Hazardous materials, Car-
cinogens, Exposure, Reprints, "Health risks, "Risk as-
sessment, "Dioxins, "Toxic substances, Dose-re-
sponse relationship, Dioxin/tetrachlorodibenzo.
PB88-223300/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Technical/Economic Assessment of Selected
PCB (Polychlorlnated Blphenyl) Decontamination
Processes. Journal article,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
B. H. Carpenter, and D. L. Wilson. c1988,27p EPA/
600/J-88/038
Contract EPA-68-02-3992
Pub. in Jnl. of Hazardous Materials, v17 p125-148
1988. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineer-
ing Research Lab.
Eleven emerging alternative treatments for polychlori-
nated biphenyl (PCB) contaminated sediments have
been compared and ranked using technical perform-
ance, status of development, test and evaluation data
needs, and cost as factors. In ranking the processes,
weights were assigned the factors to emphasize the
extent of decontamination, the estimated cost of treat-
ment, and the versatility of the process. On the basis of
the comparisons made, the treatment processes were
ranked in the following order from highest to lowest:
KPEG, LARC, Acurex, Bio-Clean, Supercritical Water,
Advanced Electric Reactor, Vitrification, OHM Extrac-
tion, Soilex, Composting, and Dybron Bi-Chem 1006.
The first eight processes show potential for reduction
of PCB concentrations to the desired background
levels (1-5 ppm) or less, with minimum environmental
impacts and low to moderate cost. All the technologies
except the advanced electric reactor required further
development and testing.
Keywords: "Economic analysis, "Sediments, "Water
pollution control, "Decontamination, Aromatic polycy-
clic hydrocarbons, Chlorine organic compounds, Oxi-
dation, Pyrolysis, Vitrification, Bkxteterioration, Engi-
neering costs, Reprints, "Polychlorlnated biphenyls,
"Hazardous wastes, "Toxic substances, "Environmen-
tal research, "Remedial actions.
PB88-223318/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Evaluating the Toxicity of Urban Patterns of Oxi-
dant Gases. 1. An Automated Chronic Gaseous
Animal Inhalation Exposure Facility. Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. W. Davles, L. C. Walsh, M. E. Hiteshew, M. G.
Menache, and F. J. Miller. C1987,11 p EPA/600/J-87/
370
Contracts EPA-68-02-4032, EPA-68-02-4450
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health,
v29 p89-97 1987. See also PB88-139969. Sponsored
by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
An automated animal inhalation exposure facility was
designed to conduct chronic exposures of rodents to
gaseous pollutants. The facility consisted of 3 walk-in
chambers with modular cages to allow for exposure of
up to a maximum of 480 mice or 240 adult rats. Critical
parameters of operation, such as relative humidity, pol-
lutant concentration, and temperature, were monitored
continuously. Failure of the system to maintain param-
eters within specified limits activated the alarm system.
Distribution of test gases in the chambers was evaluat-
ed for homogeneity, and the standard deviation was
determined to be within + or - 5 percent of the target
concentrations throughout the chamber. The exposure
facility was successfully used to expose 720 rats to di-
urnal patterns of 03 (baseline of 0.06 ppm for 13 h with
an exposure peak to 0.25 ppm over 9 h) and N02
(baseline of 0.5 ppm for 16 h with an exposure peak to
1.5 ppm over 6 h) for a period of 18 mo. (Copyright (c)
1987 by Hemisphere Publishing Corporation.)
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Nitrogen oxides, "Ozone
Urban areas, Exposure, Mice, Laboratory animals, Bio-
assay, Reprints, "Air pollution effects, Inhalation.
PB88-223342/HSU	PC E14/MF E01
Illinois Water Quality Report, 1986-1987. Final rept.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
Apr 88,318p IEPA/WPC/88-002
See also PB86-245040. Includes twelve sheets of 48X
reduction microfiche.Color illustrations reproduced in
black and white.
The report addresses the quality of the waters of the
State of Illinois for the period of 1986 and 1987 in fulfill-
ment of Section 305(b) of the Clean Water Act Water-
bodies including rivers, streams, inland lakes, and
Lake Michigan are assessed for degree of designated
use support and attainment of fishable/swimmable
Clean Water Act goals. Brief discussions of the State's
wetland resources and groundwater protection pro-
grams are also provided. In addition, detailed informa-
tion regarding public health/aquatic life concerns (fish
advisories, fish kills, sediment contamination, water-
borne toxics); lakes information required by Section
314 of the CWA; Nonpoint Source Assessment Infor-
mation required by Section 319(a); identification of
waters impacted by toxics required by Section 304(1)-
water pollution control program descriptions; and spe^
cial state concerns and recommendations are ano
provided.
Keywords: "Illinois, "Water quality, Rivers, Streams,
Lakes, Lake Michigan, Sediment, Ground water
Fishes, Tables(Data), 'Clean Water Act Fishkill, Wet-
lands, Toxic substances, Nonpoint sources, Water pol-
lution control, State programs. Organic wastes.
PB88-223631/HSU	QP T02
FORAST (Forest Responses to Anthropogenic
Stress). Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Research and Development.
R. Allen, and C. Saint. 31 Dec 85, mag tape* EPA/DF7
MT-88/054
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only
Identify recording mode by specifying density only For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB88-223648
and analysis of tree cores over a multistats area wttiifo
the eastern U.S. The project that evolved from the
meeting was entitled Forest Responses to Anthrooo.
genie Stress (FORAST) and was designed (1) to deter
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
mine whether evidence of recent alteration of long-
term growth patterns of several species of eastern
forest trees was apparent in tree-ring chronologies
from within the region and (2) to identify environmental
variables which were temporally and spatially correlat-
ed with and, hence, plausible contributors to any ob-
served changes. The FORAST data tape contains 7
files (3 of which are in the SAS format): (1) the JCL re-
quired to read the tape; (2) documentation of the tape
structure; (3) JCL used to read an earlier version of the
data base; (4) JCI used to convert original version into
the version; (5) FORASTC: SAS data base containing
13 data sets concerning site selection, sampling char-
acteristics, meteorological data, air pollution, and cli-
matic data; (6) FOR ASTR: SAS data base with 19 data
sets by region (sampling area) for ring-width and basal
area (increments for 7000 trees); and (7) FORASTS:
FORASTR data sorted into 14 data sets by species.
Keywords: *Data file, 'Forestry, 'Air pollution, United
States, Regions, Growth, Trees(Plants), Eastern
Region(Unlted States), Magnetic tapes, 'Data collec-
tion, 'Acid rain.
PB88-223649/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
FORAST (Forest Response* to Anthropogenic
Stress) Data Base Documentation. Final rept.,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
S. B. McLaughlin, D. J. Downing, T. J. Biasing, B. L.
Jackson, and D. J. Pack. Apr 88,300p* EPA/600/3-
87/029A,, EPA/DF/MT-88/054A
For system on magnetic tape, see PB88-223631. Por-
tions of this document are not fully legible. Sponsored
by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
The report has been prepared to (1) document the ob-
jectives, experimental design, and data collection pro-
tocols for a 3-year study of growth patterns of forest
trees in the eastern U.S. and (2) describe how data de-
rived from the study are stored and may be accessed
from a magnetic computer tape. The tape (master tape
serial number X09410-ORNL) is available through the
Environmental Protection Agency, the principal spon-
sor of the study. The FORAST project, from which
these data are derived, was initiated as exploratory re-
search to document patterns of radial growth of forest
trees during the past > 50 years, within a 15-state
area of the eastern United States. An addition objec-
tive was the examination of potential influences of a
variety of natural and anthropogenic parameters on
the spatial and temporal pattern of those changes.
Persuant to those objectives, radial growth measure-
ments from over 7,000 trees are reported in associa-
tion with data on a variety of measurements and calcu-
lated indices of characteristics (basal area, density,
and competitive indices), climate (temperature, pre-
cipitation, and drought), and anthropogenic pollutants
(state and regional emissions of S02 and NOx, 03
monitoring data, and frequency of atmospheric stag-
nation episodes and atmospheric haze). It is hoped
that compilation of these data into a single data base
will facilitate exploratoiy analysis of tree growth pat-
terns and responses to local and regional environmen-
tal conditions. The authors suggest that at the time
such analyses be viewed as providing a framework for
hypothesis formulation and testing in further, more fo-
cused research and not as confirmatory evidence of
cause and effect relationships.
Keywords: "Forestry, 'Air pollution, 'Trees(Plants),
Growth, Eastern Reglon(United States), Regions,
United States, Documentation, 'Data collection. Acid
rain.
PB88-223783/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Relatively Heated Methanol Dissodator for
Engine Cold Start Assist. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Office of Mobile Sources.
G. K. Piotrowskl. Mar 88,23p EPA/AA/CTAB-88/02
The report describes the system constructed for a
methanol-fueied light-duty engine. It consists of a
steam-heated methanol boiler, a gas superheater, and
a platinum-catalyzed dissociation element. The prod-
uct gas from the system was used to start and idle a
test engine that had been cooled to 43 F. The report
also includes the dissociator element specifications,
hydrogen content determination, and test engine
specifications.
Keywords: 'Engine starters, Dissociation, Four stroke
cycle engines, 'Methanol fuels, Cold start, Light duty
engines, Catalytic combustors.
PB88-223789/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Synaptonemal Complex Damage as a Measure of
Qenotoxlclty at Meiosls,
Burroughs Wellcome Co., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. W. Allen, P. A. Poorman, L. C. Backer, J. B. Gibson,
and B. Westbrook-Collins. Jun 88,17p EPA/600/D-
88/136
Grant EPA-R-812736
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Health
Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park,
NC., and Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Synaptonemal complex aberrations can provide a sen-
sitive measure of chemical-specific alterations to mei-
otic chromosomes. Mitomycin C, cyclophosphamide,
amsacrine, ellipticine, colchicine, vinblastine sulfate,
and cis-platin exposures in mice have been shown to
cause various patterns of synaptonemal complex
structural damage and synaptic irregularity. These ef-
fects are suggestive of abnormal homologue pairing/
synapsis/recombination effects which, theoretically,
could be implicated in mechanisms leading to aneu-
ploidy and other potentially heritable chromosomal dis-
orders.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Genes, 'Meiosis, Cell division,
Chromosomes, Mitomycins, Cyclophosphamide, Col-
chicine, Vinblastine, Laboratory animals, Mice, 'Chro-
mosomal aberrations, 'Genetic disorders, 'Genotoxl-
city, 'Duplication(Genes), Amsacrine, Ellipticines, Cis-
platin, Chromosome damage, Synaptonemal complex.
PB88-223797/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Mitigation of Impacts and Loases. National Wet-
land Symposium Proceedings: Held in New Orle-
ans, Loulalana on October 8-10,1986,
Association of State Wetland Managers, Berne, NY.
J. A. Kusler, M. L. Quammen, and G. Brooks. May 88,
475p ASWM/TR-3
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR., Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC., and
Corps of Engineers; Washington, DC.
What progress has been made in developing tech-
niques and approaches for reducing the impacts of ac-
tivities conducted in wetlands or compensating for
such impacts through wetland restoration or creation.
One hundred and fifty-five speakers and panelists and
an additional 370 attendees met over a 3 day period in
New Orleans to address this question. The papers in
the proceedings are the first comprehensive attempt
to examine 'mitigation' since an initial mitigation sym-
posium in 1977. The speakers were asked to focus on
two principal questions: What has been learned con-
cerning the effectiveness of various impact reduction
and restoration/creation techniques; and How could
these techniques be strengthened or improved and
what are the research needs.
Keywords: 'Environmental effects, 'Meetings, Gov-
ernment policies, State government, Regional plan-
ning, Swamps, Research management, Coasts, Ur-
banization, Rehabilitation, 'Wetlands.
PB88-223B21/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 166: DCPA.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
6 Jun 88,13p* EPA/540/FS-88/083
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Her-
bicides, Agricultural products, Toxicity, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'DCPA, Chlorinated benzoic acids, Tereph-
thalic acid/tetrachloro-dimethyl ester, Path of pollut-
ants, Chemical information fact sheet, Science find-
ings, CAS 1861-32-1, Environmental fate.
PB88-223904/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Toxicity of Selected Contaminants: Chapter 9 of
'Drinking Water and Health. Volume 6',
National Research Council, Washington, DC. Safe
Drinking Water Committee.
R. D. Thomas. 1985,168p
Contract EPA-68-01 -3169
See also PB82-249244. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
The Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 (PL 93-523) au-
thorized EPA to seek the expertise of a National Re-
search Council committee to identify the health effects
associated with specified contaminants, areas of insuf-
ficient knowledge, and recommendations for future re-
search. The most recent Safe Drinking Water Commit-
tee prepared the sixth volume in the series, which con-
tains the results of a two-part study conducted at the
request of EPA. In the first part, the committee exam-
ined current practices in risk assessment and identified
likely areas of innovation in the assessment of non-
cancer toxic responses and in the use of toxickinetic
data to estimate delivered dose and response. The
second part consisted of a review of the literature on
compounds of interest to EPA and the research com-
munity and the calculation of risk assessments for
those compounds.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Contaminants, 'Toxicity,
Public health, Toxicology, Insecticides. Carbamates,
Chloropanes, Chloropropenes, Epidemiology, Car-
cinogens, "Drinking water, 'Toxic substances, 'Health
hazards, Health nsks, Safe Drinking Water Act of
1974, Public Law 93-523, Phenol/pentachloro, Ethyl-
ene dibromide, 'Health effects, Acrylamide, Propane/
chloro-dibromo, Nitrofen, Trichlorfon.
PBS8-224282/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research • Triangle
Park, NC.
Cigarette Smoke and Lung Cancer. Journal article.
California Univ., Irvine. Dept. of Medicine.
T. B. Martonen, W. Hofmann, and J. E. Lowe. c1987,
7p EPA/600/J-87/368
Contract EPA-68-02-2566
Pub. in Health Physics, v52 n2 0213-217 Feb 87. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Salzburg Univ. (Austria).
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC., and National Heart, Lung,
and Blood Inst., Bethesda, MD.
Cigarette smoke has been implicated in a causal rela-
tionship with carcinoma of the lung. An intriguing fea-
ture of the disease is the site-selectivity with which
bronchogenic cancer manifests itself; most cancers
are detected in the main, lobar and segmental bronchi,
perhaps specifically at airway bifurcations. The elevat-
ed risk of lung cancer to smokers may result from a
complex interplay between smoking and exposure to
ambient Rn progeny, including the promotional-effect
role (as opposed to being the initiating event) of ciga-
rette smoke in tumor development. It nas been deter-
mined that smokers exposed to average indoor Rn
progency levels receive surprisingly high a doses at
rhot spots' within bronchial bifurcations. (Copyright (c)
1987 Health Physics Society Peigamon Journals Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Pulmonary neoplasms, 'Smoking,
'Radon, 'Carcinogens, Polonium 210, Alpha particles,
Reprints, 'Cigarette smoke, 'Bronchial neoplasms,
Tumor promoters.
PB88-224280/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Restraining System for Plethysmography in Small
Animals. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
M. J. Wlester, J. S. Tapper, M. F. Weber, C. J. Setzer,
and W. A. Schutt. cApr 87,6p EPA/600/J-87/387
Pub. in Laboratory Animal Science, p235-238 Apr 87.
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
A restraining technique for immobilizing awake guinea
pigs and rats during physiological measurements is de-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
scribed. The basic device consists of an adjustable
acrylic holder that supports the animal in a standing
position while restricting movement of the four leas.
The holder alone is adequate for a guinea pig, but the
rat requires additional restriction. A special jacket was
designed for the rat and used in conjunction with the
holder. The restrainer was developed to prevent cath-
eter destruction, reduce movement artifacts during
measurement, and to simplify animal handling. The
items are inexpensive and easy to build. The method
of restraint was evaluated in both species for its effect
on colonic temperature (Tco1). Restraint caused a sig-
nificant increase in Tcol in rats at 31 deg C but did not
affect it at 13 deg C or 22 deg C. Guinea pigs showed a
significant decrease in Tcol with restraint at 13 deg C
but were unaffected at 22 deg C and 31 deg C. (Copy-
right (c) 1987 by the American Association Tor Labora-
tory Animal Science.)
Keywords: 'Laboratory animals, 'Plethysmography,
Guinea pigs, Rats, Body temperature, Reprints, 'Re-
straint physical.
PB88-224308/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Perinatal Study of Toluene In CD-I Mice. Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
K. D. Courtney, J. E. Andrews, J. Springer, M.
Menache, and T. Williams. c1986,12p fcPA/600/J-86/
470
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, v6 p145-
1541986. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Serv-
ices, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Toluene administered by inhalation at 400 ppm to CD-
1 mice from Days 6 to 16 of gestation was teratogenic
but not fetotoxic resulting in a significant shift in the
fetal rib profile. At the lower concentration of 200 ppm,
there was an increase in dilated renal pelves which
might reflect desynchronization of maturation with re-
spect to development and growth. No other effects
were noted at the 200-ppm concentration. At 400 ppm,
toluene also produced an increased body weight in the
neonates on Day 1 postpartum following in utero expo-
sure. Activity of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) was sig-
nificantly increased in the brains of dams exposed to
400 ppm during gestation while nonpregnant adult
mice studied concurrently had significant increased
activities of LDM in the liver and kidneys of the 400-
ppm group. The only change in the isozyme profiles
was in the kidneys of the nonpregnant adult mice in
which a slight decrease in LDH-2 was observed. No
other changes were noted in the dams or pups.
Keywords: 'Toluene, 'Congenital abnormalities,
Reproduction(Blology), Ribs(Bones), Laboratory ani-
mals, Mice, Body weight, Brain, Liver, Females,
Kidney, Exposure, Reprints, 'Toxic substances, 'Tera-
togens, Lactatedehydrogenase isoenzymes, Animals,
Newborn, Prenatal exposure, Inhalation.
PB88-224316/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Characterizing the Uncertainty of Pesticide
Leaching In Agricultural Soils. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
R. F. Carsel, R. S. Parrish, R. L. Jones, J. L. Hansen,
and R. L. Lamb. C1988,16p EPA/600/J-88/032
Pub. in Jnl. of Contaminant Hydrology, v2 n2 p111-124
Mar 88. Prepared In cooperation with Computer Sci-
ences Corp., Athens, GA., and Union Carbide Agricul-
tural Products Co., Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A Monte-Carlo numerical simulation procedure for
making regional assessments of pesticide leaching
has been developed. The procedure uses probability
density functions for organic matter, field capacity, and
wilting point developed from information on approxi-
mately 3,000 soils. Variations in climatic conditions
were incorporated by random selection of yearly rain-
fall data. The procedure was demonstrated for aldicarb
applied to corn grown in Ohio. The simulation results
indicated that convergence of the 90th, 95th, and 99th
percentiles for movement past 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.5
meters was obtained after 500 simulations. The rela-
tive uncertainty associated with these percentiles was
approximately 50 percent after 1,500 simulations. The
downward movement of aldicarb residues was most
sensitive to changes in field capacity. These simula-
tions, coupled with additional soil-specrfic simulations,
indicated no significant movement of aldicarb residues
beyond 1.8 meters for applications to Ohio corn.
1098 Vol. 90, No. 24
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Leaching. 'Soil science, Agri-
culture, Ground water, Carbamates, Rainfall,
Ohio(United States), Corn plants, Water pollution, Soil
analysis, Reprints, 'Aldicarb, 'Environmental persist-
ence, 'Path of pollutants.
PB88-224324/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Isomer Dependent Bioavailability of Polychlorl-
nated Dlbenzo-p-DloxIns and Dlbenzofurans from
Municipal Incinerator Fly Aah to Carp. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
D. W. Kuehl, P. M. Cook, A. R. Batterman, and B. C.
Butterworth. 1987,12p EPA/600/J-87/361
Pub. in Chemosphere, v16 n4 p657-666 May 87.
The isomer dependent bioavailability of Polychlorinat-
ed Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans (PCDDs and
PCDFs) from municipal incinerator fly ash to freshwa-
ter fish was determined. It was observed that carp ex-
posed to fly ash in a continuous flow exposure readily
accumulated select isomers of PCDDs and PCDFs. A
preference for greater retention of isomers substituted
in the 2,3, 7 and 8 positions was observed. The Bioa-
vailability Index (ratio of contaminant level in fish to
level in fly ash) decreased with increasing degree of
chlorination.
Keywords: 'Carp, 'Fly ash, 'Water pollution, 'Air pol-
lution, Molecular isomerism, Fresh water fishes, Expo-
sure, Incinerators, Reprints, 'Bioaccumulation, 'Toxic
substances, 'Dioxin, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Dioxin/polychloro-dibenzo, Cyprinus
carpio, Dioxin/tetrachlorodibenzo, CAS 1746-01-6,
Furan/polychloro-dibenzo, Bioavailability.
PB88-224332/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Development of a Breadboard C02 Laser Photoa-
coustlc Toxic Vapor Monitor. Final rept. 1984-1987,
Aerospace Corp., El Segundo, CA.
G. L. Loper, R. C. Corbin, M. L. Takayama, R. A.
Clifton, and J. A. Gelbwachs. Jun 88,113p EPA/600/
7-88/011
Contract EPA-68-03-3171
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Ajjency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report describes the development of a breadboard
version of a C02 laser photoacoustic (LPA) detector.
The C02 LPA technique has been demonstrated to be
capable of detecting, with high specificity, a variety of
toxic compounds at low parts-per-billion (ppb) levels in
multicomponent air samples. The technique can be
used for monitoring trace levels of various hazardous
compounds in ambient air samples. A key achieve-
ment during the program was determination of C02
laser absorption cross-section data for seven com-
pounds of EPA concern that are volatile constituents
of hazardous chemical waste. The data shows that the
LPA method can detect these compounds in ambient
air at levels well below their most stringent threshold
limit values.
Keywords: 'Carbon dioxide lasers, Chemical analysis,
Hydrazine, Vapors, Chloromethanes, Methacrylates,
Methacrylonitrile, Bromoalkanes, Acrylonitriles, Allyl
alcohols, Hazardous materials, 'Air pollution monitors,
'Hazardous wastes, 'Volatile organic compounds,
'Toxic substances, Threshold limit values, Photoa-
coustic effects, Carbonyl fluoride, Air samplers, Meth-
ane/brono, Methane/chloro.
PB88-224340/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Effect of Soil Properties and a Synthetic Municipal
Landfill Leachate on ths Retention of Cd, Ni, Pb,
and Zn In Soli and Sediment Materials. Journal arti-
cle,
Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge. Center for Wet-
land Resources.
J. M. LaBauve, J. Kotuby-Amacher, and R. P.
Gambrell. cMar 88,9p EPA/600/ J-88/027
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Polution Control Federation, v60
n3 p379-385 Mar 88. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr En-
vironmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
Batch equilibrium metal immobilization studies were
conducted using seven soil and sediment materials
spiked with varying concentrations of Cd, Ni, Pb, and
Zn. The objective was to examine the potential mobility
of metals in subsoils of metals-contaminated sites. Soil
pH influenced metal immobilization more than other
properties. The inclusion of other property values im-
proved correlation of retention and concentration.
Among the metals, Pb was most strongly retained,
while Ni was the most mobile. The presence of a syn-
thetic municipal landfill leachate enhanced the dis-
solved levels of the two metals studied (Cd, Ni) in all
soil materials.
Keywords: 'Soil chemistry, Cadmium, Nickel, Zinc.
Lead(Metal), Metals, Leaching, Pollutants, Reprints,
'Heavy metals, 'Pollution monitoring, 'Batch equilibri-
um metal immobilization.
PB88-224357/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab.. Ada.
OK.
ATHIAS: An Information Systam for Abiotic
Transformations of Halogenated Hydrocarbons hi
Aqueous Solution. Journal article,
Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
W. Ellenrieder, and M. Reinhard. c1988,16p EPA/
600/J-88/026
Grant EPA-R-812462
Pub. in Chemosphere, v17 n2 p331-344 Feb 88. Spon-
sored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab.
Ada, OK.
The kinetic data for the transformation reactions of ha-
loaliphatic compounds in water have been critically re-
viewed. The kinetic constants have been complied in
ATHIAS, a microcomputer based Lotus 1-2-3 work-
sheet which also contains literature citations, com-
pound characteristics and reaction products. For facile
data evaluation, the worksheet has been equipped
with programs (I) for rapid retrieval of data normalized
to standard conditions, and (II) for interactive data
evaluation under user-specified temperature and pH
conditions.
Keywords: 'Water chemistry, 'Halohydrocarbons,
'Reaction kinetics, Chemical reactions, Hydrolysis,
Dehydrohalogenation, Temperature, pH, Reprints,
'ATHIAS programs, 'Environmental persistence. En-
vironmental fate, Toxic substances, Rate constants,
Computer applications, Path of pollutants, Environ-
mental chemistry.
PB88-224365/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Inhalation of 0.25 ppm Ozone on the
Terminal Bronchioles of Juvenile and Adult Rata.
Journal article,
Duke Univ., Durham, NC. Dept. of Medicine.
B. E. Barry, R. R. Mercer, F. J. Miller, and J. D. Craoo.
c1988, 23p EPA/600/J-88/043	'
Grant EPA-R-811889
Pub. In Experimental Luna Research V14 p225-245
1988. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab
Research T riangle Park, NC.
Cells of the terminal bronchioles are particularly sus-
ceptible to the effects of inhalation of low levels of 03
One-day-old (juvenile) or 6 week old (adult) rats were
exposed to 0.25 ppm 03 12 hours/day for 6 weeks.
Morphometry analysis of perpendicular cross sections
of terminal bronchioles demonstrated that exposure to
03 produced alterations in the surface characteristics
of ciliated and non-ciliated (Clara) cells in both grows
of rats. There were significant losses (20-30 percent)
of the surface area contributed by cilia and the luminal
surface of Clara cells was decreased by 16 percent to
25 percent. 03 exposure produced significant de-
creases in the number of brush cells per sq mm of tar-
minal bronchiolar basement membrane. The results of
the study indicate that the normal structure of terminal
bronchiolar epithelial cells is significantly altered bv hv-
halation of 0.25 ppm 03. No statistically significant
interactions between the effects of 03 and animal ana
at the beginning of the exposure were found. (Com
right (c) 1988 by Hemisphere Publishing Corporation.)
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Bronchi, 'Air pollution, *Luna
Cell morphology, Cilia, Laboratory animals, Exposure!
ConcentrationfComposition), Reprints. "Toxic autv!
stances, Air pollution effects(Anlmal8), Inhalation
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-224373/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Um of the Microscreen Phage-induction Assay to
Assess the Qenotoxlclty of 14 Hazardous Indus-
trial Wastes. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
V. S. Houk, and D. M. DeMarini. 1988,20p EPA/600/J-
88/042
Pub. in Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis,
v11 p13-291988.
The Microscreen phage-induction assay, which quanti-
tatively measures the induction of prophage lambda in
Escherichia coli WP2s lambda, was used to test 14
crude (unfractionated) hazardous industrial waste
samples for genotoxic activity in the presence and ab-
sence of metabolic activation. Eleven of the 14 wastes
induced prophage, and induction was observed at con-
centrations as low as 0.4 picograms per ml. Compari-
sons between the mutagenicity of these waste sam-
ples in Salmonella and their ability to induce prophage
lambda indicate that the Microscreen phage-induction
assay detected genotoxic activity in all but one of the
wastes that were mutagenic in Salmonella. Moreover,
the Microscreen assay detected as genotoxic 5 addi-
tional wastes that were not detected in the Salmonella
assay. The applicability of the Microscreen phage-in-
duction assay for screening hazardous wastes for gen-
otoxic activity is discussed along with some of the
problems associated with screening highly toxic
wastes containing toxic volatile compounds.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, Organic wastes, Salmo-
nella, Volatile organic compounds, Metals, Reprints,
'Hazardous wastes, 'Microscreening, 'Mutagenicity
tests, 'Virus activation, Phage lambda.
PB88-224381/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Detection of CCI4-lnduced Oxidation of Hepatic
Tissue In vivo by Oxygen-18 Tracing. Journal arti-
cie
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
G. E. Hatch, J. Santrock, R. Slade, and J. M. Hayes.
c1988,10p EPA/600/ J-88/041
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v93
p81-88 1988. Prepared in cooperation with Indiana
Univ. at Bloomington. Dept. of Chemistry.
Oxygen can become a damaging influence in tissues
and cells exposed to environmental pollutants. The
paper describes the first application of a new tech-
nique for tracing oxygen in tissues exposed to pollut-
ants. Carbon tetrachloride (CCI4) was found to cause
oxidation of liver tissue in rats which was measurable
using oxygen-18 labeling procedures. Rats which
breathed oxygen-18 whilefceing exposed to CCI4 were
found to have oxidized lipids, macromolecules and
water-soluble substances in their livers. The tech-
niques outlined in the paper should be useful for eluci-
dating mechanisms of injury and increased aging of tis-
sues exposed to pollutants. (Copyright (c) 1986 Aca-
demic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Carbon tetrachloride, 'Liver, 'Oxidation,
Upids, Molecules, Chlorohydrocarbons, Isotopic label-
ing, Laboratory animals, Aging(Biology), Reprints,
•Toxic substances, 'Toxic diseases, 'Oxygen-18.
PB88-224399/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Cardiopulmonary Effects In Awake Rats Four and
Six Months after Exposure to Methyl Isocyanate.
Journal article,
Northrop Sen/ices, Inc., Research Trlangle Park, NC.
j S.Tapper,M.J.Wiester,D.L.Costa,W.P.
Watkinson, and M. F. Weber. C1987,12p EPA/600/J-
87/371
Contract EPA-68-02-4032
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v72 p95-
103 1987. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Cardiopulmonary function was assessed four and six
months after Fischer-344 rats were exposed for 2 hr to
0 3, or 10 ppm methyl isocyanate (MIC). Minute venti-
lation (VE) during C02 challenge was increased in
MIC-treated rats compared to controls suggesting a
ventilation/perfuaion inequality. An increase in maxi-
mum expiratory flow and a decrease in expiratory time
indicated increased lung recoil. Evidence of pulmonary
hypertension was observed in electrocardiograms
(ECGs) and supported by postmortem analysis. Six
months after exposure to MIC the increase in VE was
no longer detectable. Forced expiratory flow-volume
curves indicated persistent airway obstruction; howev-
er, no changes in inspiratory or expiratory resistance
were evident. Decreased dynamic compliance and
changes in two new measures of lung function,
volume, and time at zero expiratory intrapleural pres-
sure, suggest that MIC lung dysfunction also exhibited
elements of a restrictive disease.
Keywords: 'Isocyanates, 'Toxic diseases, 'Respirato-
ry diseases, 'Pulmonary hypertension. Laboratory
rats, Nitrogen organic compounds, Exposure, Electro-
cardiography, Reprints, 'Methyl isocyanate, CAS 624-
83-9, Respiratory function tests.
PB88-224407/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Oil Development In Northern Alaska: A Guide to
the Effects of Gravel Placement on Wetlands and
Waterbirds,
Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, AK. Alaska Re-
gional Office.
R. Meehan, and J. R. Nickles. Jun 88,211 p EPA/600/
3-88/024
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
The report provides guidance for resource managers
involved with oil and gas development on Alaska's
North Slope. The information is specific to the Arctic
Coastal Plain, and much is drawn from the Prudhoe
Bay area. Guidance on development impacts is most
applicable in the Prudhoe Bay area and is generally
applicable to other areas in the Arctic Coastal Plain.
The review focuses on development impacts on tundra
and the related changes in habitat value to waterbirds.
Background information on development patterns and
specific information on oilfield facilities are included.
The three appendices contain specific information on
vegetation and birds.
Keywords: 'Alaska, 'Gas fields, 'Oil fields, Earth fills,
Gravel, Vegetation, Wildlife, 'Environmental impact
assessments, 'Wetlands, 'Waterfowl, Habitats, Arctic
Coastal Plain, Prudhoe Bay.
PB88-224548/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Saint Clair River and Lake Saint Clair, Michigan:
An Ecological Profile,
Fish and Wildlife Service, Ann Arbor, Ml.
T. A. Edsall, B. A. Manny, and C. N. Raphael. Apr 88,
148p BIOLOGICAL-85(7.3), CONTRIB-882
Library of Congress catalog card no. 88-600039 Pre-
pared in cooperation with Eastern Michigan Univ., Yp-
silanti. Dept. of Geography and Geology. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL.
Great Lakes National Program Office.
The St. Clair River and Lake St. Clair form a part of the
connecting channel system between Lake Huron and
Lake Erie. The report synthesizes existing information
on the ecological structure and function of the ecosys-
tem. Chapters include descriptions of climatology, hy-
drology, and geology of the region; biological charac-
teristics; ecolqgical relationships; and commercial and
recreational uses, as well as discussions of manage-
ment considerations and issues. The St. Clair system
provides valuable habitat for migratory waterfowl and
fish spawning and nurseries, and contains some of the
most extensive emergent wetlands in the region.
Keywords: 'Aquatic biology, 'Ecology, 'Water pollu-
tion, 'Saint Clair River, 'Lake Saint Clair, Profiles,
Birds, Aquatic plants, Fishes, Invertebrates, Reptiles,
Nutrients, Biological productivity, Recreation, Manage-
ment, Tables(Data), Climate, Hydrology, Michigan,
Habitats, Wetlands, 'Ecosystems.
PB88-224738/H8U	PC A03/MF A01
Cadmium Emissions from Pigment and Stabilizer
Manufacturing. Phase 1. Technical Report
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jun 88,23p EPA/450/3-88/004
A technical report on cadmium emissions from pig-
ment and stabilizer manufacturing is presented. Plants
in operation, processes involved, and growth projec-
tions are provided for each Industry. These industries
and associated air pollution control equipment are de-
scribed. Cadmium emissions as well as health risks
from exposure to these emissions from all plants in the
U.S. are discussed.
Keywords:	'Cadmium,	'Pigments,
'Stabilizers(Agents), Hazardous materials, Evaluation,
Manufacturing, Technical reports, Air pollution, Emis-
sions, Exposure, 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Air
toxic substances.
PB88-224829/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Factors Affecting Trace Metal Mobility In Subsur-
face Soils. Final rept. Apr 84-Apr 88,
Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge. Center for Wet-
land Resources.
J. Kotuby-Amacher, and R. P. Gambrell. Jun 88,176p
EPA/600/2-88/036
Grant EPA-R-811575
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
Field and laboratory studies were conducted to exam-
ine factors affecting metal movement in subsurface
materials to groundwater and how these factors inter-
act. Subsoil pH as with surface soils was found to be
the property that most influenced metal immobilization.
The inclusion of percent organic carbon, free iron
oxides, and cation exchange capacity considerably im-
proved the statistical relationship between amount of
metal retained and subsoil properties. The study
showed important interactions between subsoil types,
metals, metal concentrations, and the presence of co-
wastes on the movement of metals.
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Motion, 'Subsoils, 'Ground
water, 'Water pollution, Tests, Soil properties, pH, Or-
ganic matter, Carbon, Ion exchanging, Density(Mass/
volume), Particle size, Electrode potentials, Clay min-
erals, Concentration(Composition), Leaching, Trace
amounts, Iron oxides, Mathematical prediction, Path of
pollutants, 'Leachates.
PB88-224928/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Prediction of Substrate Removal Rates of At-
tached Microorganisms and of Relative Contribu-
tions of Attached and Suspended Communities at
Field Sites. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
D. L. Lewis, and D. K. Gattie. Feb 88,9p EPA/600/J-
88/034
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v54
n2 p434-440 Feb 88. Prepared in cooperation with
Technology Applications, Inc., Athens, GA.
A mathematical model composed of a direct propor-
tionality relationship between bulk water velocities and
field-determined second-order microbial transforma-
tion rate coefficients, and the relative rate coefficient
of a benchmark chemical, was developed for estimat-
ing the substrate removal rates of rapidly degraded
chemicals by attached microorganisms in snallow
(less than 1 m deep) aquatic ecosystems. Data from
31 field experiments involving the addition of 2,4-dich-
lorophenoxyacetic acid methyl ester (2,4-DME) in nine
field areas were used to determine a field-derived
second-order rate coefficient for microbial transforma-
tion of the ester. By using 2,4-DME as a benchmark
chemical, the model was used to predict microbial
transformation rates of the butoxyethyi ester of 2,4-
dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-DBE) at five other
field sites. The predicted half-lives of 2,4- DBE varied
1500-fold and were within about a 3-fold range or less
of the measured half-lives.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Aquatic microbiology,
'Water flow, 'Biodeterioration, Adsorption, Mathemat-
ical models, Chlorine organic compounds, Depth, Field
tests, Reprints, 'Aquatic ecosystems, 'Pesticide re-
moval, D 2-4 herbicide, Acetic acid/
dichlorophenoxytmethyl ester), Acetic acid/
d!chlorophenoxy(butoxyethyi ester), Environmental
transport.
PB88-224938/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Spatial Variability of Remotely Sensed Surface
Temperature at Field Scale. Journal article,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
S. R. Yates, A. W. Warrick, A. D. Matthias, and S.
Musil. C1981, 9p EPA/600/J-88/031
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pub. in Soil Science Society of America Jnl., v52 n1
p40-45 Jan-Feb 88. Prepared in cooperation with Ari-
zona Agricultural Experiment Station, Tucson, and
California Univ., Riverside. Dept. of Soil and Environ-
mental Sciences.
Bare soil surface temperatures (BST) and crop canopy
temperatures (CCT) were collected from a 1-ha field in
central Arizona using an infrared thermometer to de-
termine whether they were spatially correlated. The
measurements were taken from a two-dimensional
random sampling pattern for selected dates and times
to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution.
Three measures of the correlation distance including
two integral scales were calculated. Kriging, which pro-
duces the best linear unbiased estimator, was used to
show the spatial pattern of the BST and CCT in the
field on selected dates. The results indicate that the
BST and CCT are spatially dependent random func-
tions with integral scales that varied from 2 to 15 m for
wet and dry conditions, respectively. The autocorrela-
tion as the lagged distance approaches zero was
greater than 0.4 except under wet soil conditions,
where the autocorrelation for the CCT was found to be
lower. The results are important because, to date, no
geostatistical study has shown that the CCT is a spa-
tially dependent random function.
Keywords: 'Soil science, Sampling, Spatial distribu-
tion, Mathematical statistics, Repnnts, Soil tempera-
ture, Crop canopy temperatures, Maricopa Agricultural
Center(Arizona), Crop yield prediction, Kriging equa-
tions.
PB88-224944/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Analytical Solution to Saturated Flow In a Finite
Stratified Aquifer. Journal article,
California Univ., Riverside. Dept. of Soil and Environ-
mental Sciences.
S. R. Yates. 1988,10p EPA/600/J-88/030
Pub. in Ground Water, v26 n2 p199-206 Mar/Apr 88.
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
An analytical solution for the flow of water in a saturat-
ed-stratified aquitard-aquifer-aquitard system of finite
length is presented. The analytical solution assumes
one-dimensional horizontal flow in the aquifer and two-
dimensional flow in the aquitards. Several examples
are given which describe the use of the analytical solu-
tion. The horizontal flow assumption In the aquifer ap-
pears to be approximately valid when the hydraulic
conductivity of the aquitards is less than or equal to
about 10 percent of the aquifer value. A companson is
made between the analytical solution and a saturated-
unsaturated finite-element solution for a situation
where the upper layer is both saturated and unsaturat-
ed. For the situation investigated, the comparison indi-
cates that the analytical solution provides an alterna-
tive to numerical models even when the upper layer Is
partially saturated.
Keywords: 'Aquifers, 'Water flow,
'Analysis(Mathematical), 'Hydrogeology, Ground
water, Stratification, Saturation, Hydrodynamics, Nu-
merical analysis, Two dimensional flow, One dimen-
sional flow, Reprints, Aquitards.
PB88-224951 /HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Toxicity of Chlorpyrlfoe, Endrln, or Fenvalerate to
Fathead Mlnnowa Following Eplaodlc or Contlnu-
oua Exposure. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
A. W. Jarvinen, D. K. Tanner, and E. R. Kline. 1988,
20p EPA/600/J-88/025
Pub. in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, v15
p78-951988.
Fathead minnow larvae (Pimephales promelas) were
exposed to three individual pesticides during brief or
continuous exposure in 96-hr and 28- to 30-day toxicity
tests. Brief exposure chronic test results indicated that
fathead minnow exposure to chlorpyrifos, for as few as
5 hr at a concentration similar to a continuous expo-
sure 96-hr LC(sub 50) value resulted in increased de-
formities and a reduction in growth, whereas a 48-hr
exposure at a concentration similar to a continuous ex-
posure 96-hr LC(sub 50) value was required to cause a
reduction in growth for endrin and a reduction in surviv-
al and growth for fenvalerate. It is suggested that al-
though constant exposure laboratory tests are essen-
tial for hazard assessment, the relationships of expo-
sure duration and toxicant intensity to ecotoxic effects
are necessary for reliable risk assessments and imple-
mentation of water quality standards.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Pesticides, Endrin, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Laboratory animals, Haz-
ardous materials, Toxicology, Aquatic animals, Re-
prints, Water quality criteria, Chlorpyrifos, Fenvalerate,
Fathead minnows, Risk assessment.
PB88-224969/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Development of an Environmental Data Base for
Rivers, Lakes, and Reservoirs. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
K. F. Hedden, and R. L. Skaggs. c1988, 26p* EPA/
600/J-88/024
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Science and Health,
vA23 n2 p103-126 1988. Prepared in cooperation with
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
One method for performing exposure assessments is
to use mathematical models that predict the transport
and transformations of toxic substances in the envi-
ronment. To run these models, a variety of input data
on receiving water-body properties and water-quality
parameters that define a range of environments and
influence the chemical-specific rate coefficients must
be developed. A data base that contains selected hy-
drologic and water quality parameters has been devel-
oped oy EPA for 15 major U.S. river basins. Called the
Canonical Environments Data Base, the file brings to-
gether information developed by public and private or-
ganizations on each reach of the rivers as well as indi-
vidual lakes and reservoirs in the basins. Coupling raw
data with a data base management system in the envi-
ronmental file will facilitate entry into and deletions
from the data base and development of data input to
the Exposure Analysis Modeling System (EXAMS) and
other similar exposure assessment mathematical
models. (Copyright (c) 1988 by Marcel Dekker, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Water pollution, 'Lakes,
'Rivers, 'Reservoirs, Mathematical models, Hydrolo-
gy, Data acquisition, Reprints, 'Toxic substances,
Canonical Environments Data Base, Path of pollut-
ants.
PB88-224977/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Toxicity of Pentachlorophenol to Aquatic Orga-
nisms under Naturally Varying and Controlled En-
vironmental Conditions. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Monticello, MN.
Monticello Ecological Research Station.
S. F. Hedtke, C. W. West, K. N. Allen, T. J. Norberg-
King, and D. I. Mount. Jun 86,14p EPA/600/J-86/466
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v5
p531 -542 1986.
The toxicity of pentachlorophenol (PCP) was deter-
mined in the laboratory for 11 aquatic species. Tests
were conducted seasonally in ambient Mississippi
River water and under controlled conditions in Lake
Superior water. Fifty-one acute toxicity tests were con-
ducted, with LC50 values ranging from 85 micro-
grams/L for the white sucker Catastomus commersoni
during the summer to greater than 7,770 micrograms/
L for the isopod Asellus racovitzai during the winter.
The effect of PCP on growth and/or reproduction was
determined for seven species. The most sensitive
chronically exposed organisms were the cladoceran
Ceriodaphnia reticulata and the snail Physa gyrina.
The greatest variation in toxicity was due to species
sensitivity. Within a given season there was as much
as a 40-fold difference in LC50 values between spe-
cies. For any one species, the maximum variation In
LC50 between seasons was approximately 14-fold.
There were also substantial differences in acute-
chronic relationships, with acute/chronic ratios rang-
ing from greater than 37 for C. reticulata to 1 for Simo-
cephalus vetulus. It is suggested that the composition
of the aquatic community should be the most impor-
tant consideration in estimating the potential environ-
mental effects of PCP.
Keywords:	'Toxicity,	Toxicology,
Concentration(Composition), Invertebrates, Fishes,
Reproduction(Biology), Reprints, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), 'Phenol/pentachloro, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Aquatic organisms.
PB88-224985/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Ionic Composition of Add Lakes in Relation to
Airborne Inputs and Watershed Characteristics.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
G. E. Glass, J. A. Sorensen, B. W. Liukkonen, G. R.
Rapp, and O. L. Loucks. C1986,17p* EPA/600/J-86/
468
Pub. in Water, Air and Soil Pollution, v31 p1-15 1986.
Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Univ.-Duluth,
and Butler Univ., Indianapolis, IN. Holcomb Research
Inst.
Present acid forming emissions to the atmosphere
have the potential to alter significantly the chemistry of
rain, snow, and surface water of weakly buffered lakes
in the Upper Midwest. Average precipitation pH from
field measurements during 1979-1983 declined from
west to east from 4.8, 4.6, and 4.3 along a cross-sec-
tion of sites in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan re-
spectively where 990 lake and stream sampling sites
were studied. Measurements of weakly buffered lakes
show a parallel decline in lake water pH with the lowest
values measured, 5.1, 4.6 and 4.4, respectively in the
same regions. Correspondingly, the percentage Of
lakes sampled with little or no acid neutralizing capac-
ity (ANC) was found to increase from 0 to 4 ana 13 per-
cent, respectively. The geographic patterns in ionic
composition of airborne acids and bases, and the re-
sultant surface water concentrations are compared.
The differences in AFC of airborne inputs from west to
east, and differences in in-lake processes explain the
observed acidity of weakly buffered lakes across the
region. (Copyright (c) 1986 by D. Reidel Publishing
Company.)
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Streams, pH, Acidity,
'Acidification, 'Precipitation(Meteorology), 'Air pollu-
tion, Neutralizing, Nitrification, Oxidation reduction re-
actions, Ions, Ammonium compounds, Sulfuric add,
Aerosols, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan,
Tables(Data), Reprints, 'Acid rain.
PB88-224993/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Predicting the Rate of Trace-Organic Compound
Removal by Natural Biofilms. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
C. J. Gantzer, H. P. Kollig, B. E. Rittmann, and D. L.
Lewis. C1988,12p EPA/600/J-88/033
Pub. In Water Research, v22 n2 p191 -200 Feb 88. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Minnesota Univ., Minneapo-
lis. Dept. of Civil and Mining Engineering, and lllinote
Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
The study examined the ability of a mechanistic biofilm
kinetic model to predict the rate at which natural bio-
films removed trace concentrations of p-cresol and a
2,4-0 ester. Natural biofilm samples were obtained by
colonizing Teflon strips at a river site (a bacterial bio-
film) and at two pond sites (mixed algal-bacterial bio-
films). Biofilm density, biofilm thickness, and intrinsic
microbial rate constants were calculated independent-
ly. Mass transport parameters were obtained from ex-
isting equations. Although the biofilm model treated
the two types of biofilms as if they were homogeneous,
the tested biofilm kinetic model successfully predicted
the rates at which p-cresol and the 2,4-D ester were re-
moved by natural biofilms when the experimental reac-
tors were operated under a wide range of biological
and mass transport conditions. (Copyright (c) 1988
Pergamon Journals Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Organic com-
pounds, Cresols, Mathematical models,
Concentration(Composition), Mass transfer, Reprint*,
'Biodegradation, 'Water Quality index, 'Biofilms,
'Chemical reaction kinetics, 2,4 D-ester, Phenoxyaoe-
tic acid/dichloro-butoxyethyl ester.
PB88-225008/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research Div.
Treatment of Seasonal Pesticides In Surface
Waters,
Heidelberg Coll., Tiffin, OH. Water Quality Lab.
R. J. Miltner, D. B. Baker, T. F. Speth, and C. A. FronlL
Jun 88,47p* EPA/600/D-88/133
Grant EPA-R-005727
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div.
Numerous pesticides were monitored in surface
waters in agricultural areas. Atrazine, alachlor, meto>
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
lachlor, cyanazine, metribuzin, carbofuran, linuron, and
simazirte were found In the influent to three water
treatment plants In storm runoff following their applica-
tion. Studies at these plants, together with bench-
scale studies, demonstrated poor control by conven-
tional treatment processes. The relatively high adsorp-
tion capacities of these agrichemicals indicate that
Granular Activated Carbon (QAC) can be cost-effec-
tive for their control. Powered Activated Carbon (PAC)
applied at taste-and-odor control doses can also be ef-
fective if moderate percent removal is required.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Runoff, 'Water pollution con-
trol, 'Water treatment, Monitoring, Surface waters, Ag-
riculture, Activated carbon treatment, Chemical
removal(Water treatment), Odor control, Adsorption,
Sand filtration, Taste, Cost effectiveness, Chlorine or-
ganic compound, Nitrogen inorganic compounds,
Comparison, Chemical analysis, Atrazlne, Alachlor,
Carbofuran.
PB88-22S016/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Reverse Osmosis for Removing Synthetic Organ-
lea from Drinking Water; A Coat and Performance
Evaluation,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
B. W. Lykins, R. M. Clark, and C. A. Frank. Jun 88,29p
EPA/600/D-8B/134
Reverse osmosis for removing organic compounds
from drinking water has considerable promise. Bench
and pilot plant studies on actual waters have shown
that several organics proposed for regulation can be
removed by reverse osmosis. As membrane technolo-
gy improves, rejection of more difficult to remove com-
pounds is expected to improve. Also, smaller volumes
of concentrate are expected to be produced which can
be handled more cost effectively. One major concern
with the use of reverse osmosis is concentrate dispos-
al which may increase the overall cost of treatment
and disposal. The cost of reverse osmosis is very sen-
sitive to such factors as recovery, economies of scale,
systems configuration, membrane type, and electric
power cost. In certain situations, reverse osmosis is a
viable treatment option that is not cost prohibitive.
Keywords: 'Dissolved organic matter, 'Potable water,
'Water treatment, 'Chemical removal(Water treat-
ment), 'Water pollution, Activated carbon treatment,
Grapns(Charts), Membranes, Semipermeability, Pesti-
cides, Aromatic hydrocarbons. Aliphatic hydrocarbons,
Halogen organic compounds, Pilot plants, 'Reverse
osmosis, 'Water pollution control, Costs, Local stud-
ies.
PBM-225024/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Value of Multiple Endpoint Data in Reproductive
Toxicology: Revelations In the Rat,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S D. Perreault, R. E. Under, L. F. Strader, and V. L.
Slott. Jun 88,36p EPA/600/D-88/135
To explore the relationship between sperm measures
and reproductive success in the laboratory rat, results
of several male reproductive toxicology studies con-
taining both fertility and multiple endpoint data are re-
viewed. Comparisons are made between subchronic
and acute exposure studies, stressing the value of
multiple endpoint data for each approach. In addition,
the choice of endpoints in male reproductive toxicol-
ogy Is discussed with emphasis on those endpoints
that are still evolving. The authors conclude that sperm
measures are far more sensitive indicators of repro-
ductive organ impairment than is fertility, and that eval-
uation of multiple endpoints in acute studies is a key
alep in determining mechanisms of toxicant action that
are critical for interspecies risk extrapolation.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Reproductive(Biology),
'Males, Rats, Laboratory animals, Exposure.
PBM-226032/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
probability and Control Cost Effectiveness tor Ac-
cidental Toxic Chemical Releases,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Q B. DeWolf, J. D. Quass, and J. C. Bare. Jun 88,21 p*
EPA/600/D-88/137
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lao.
The paper shows how fault tree analysis (FTA) of a
process system can be used to compare the relative
effectiveness of various equipment, design, and oper-
ating measures for release prevention and protection
applied to process streams. It also shows how the
costs of various safety control measures can be esti-
mated and combined with accident frequency esti-
mates to provide a basis for efficiently allocating finan-
cial resources for safety. In addition to the positive as-
pects of the methodology shown, limitations of the
methodology and needs for future investigations are
highlighted. Attempting to prevent and protect against
an accidental or emergency release of a toxic gas or
vapor is preferable to actions taken after such a re-
lease. Of the various formal, quantitative methods for
estimating how releases might occur and their proba-
bility for process systems, FTA is being used more fre-
quently. While there are current limitations to the
method, due to a lack of adequate reliability data for
process system components, it can still be used to
provide valuable information to planners.
Keywords: 'Economic analysis, 'Cost effectiveness,
'Accident prevention, Hazardous materials, Safety en-
gineering, Cost estimates, Financial management,
"Hazardous materials spills, 'Pollution control, 'Toxic
substances, 'Chemical spills, Stationary sources, Ac-
cidental releases, Risk assessment.
PB88-225040/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Determination of Ambient Air Hydrocarbons In 39
U.S. Cities,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
R. L. Seila, and W. A. Lonneman. Jun 88,18p EPA/
600/D-88/138
Compliance with the NAAQS for ozone will require the
reduction of non-methane organic carbon (NMOC). To
this end speciated hydrocarbons were determined for
over 800 ambient air samples from 39 U.S. cities from
1984-1986. Samples were collected in stainless steel
spheres on week days from 6 to 9 a.m. during June
through September. C2 to C12 hydrocarbons were de-
termined by capillary GC/FID with sample cryogenic
preconcentration. The GC retention time identification
table consisted of 314 uniquely numbered peaks, of
which 97 were specifically named, 214 were identified
by type (olefin, paraffin, aromatic). GC-MSD/FID anal-
ysis confirmed the identity of 40 peaks and indicated
the presence of oxygenated, chlonnated, and fluorinat-
sd hydrocarbons in some samples.
Keywords: 'Hydrocarbons, 'Gas chromatography,
'Urban areas, Chromatographic analysis, 'Air pollu-
tion detection, Environmental samples.
PB88-22S057/H8U	PC A04/MF A01
Microbiology and Drinking Water Filtration,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
G. S. Logsdon. Jun 88,62p EPA/600/0-88/139
Concerns about waterborne viruses and protozoan
cysts developed in the third quarter of the twentieth
century, and filtration research for microorganism con-
trol in the 1960's through 1980's has reflected these
concerns. The chapter briefly reviews historical filtra-
tion research for control of bacteria. It provides a com-
Erehensh/e review of modem research for removal of
acteria, viruses, and protozoan cysts. Processes dis-
cussed are slow sand filtration, diatomaceous earth fil-
tration, and the variations of coagulation-filtration
(rapid sand filtration, direct filtration, and in-line filtra-
tion). Pilot plant data were emphasized, but when pos-
sible the results of full scale filter plants are also pre-
sented. The inactivation of organisms by disinfectants
causes an apparent removal when culture techniques
are used to evaluate filtration efficacy, so a careful
effort was made in the chapter to present only data
that were from studies done prior to disinfection or
from research where no disinfection was carried out
Therefore, the results presented should reflect the
ability of filters to physically remove the specific micro-
organisms being discussed.
Keywords: 'Filtration, 'Potable water, 'Microbiology,
Microorganisms, Bacteria, Water filters, Viruses, DMn-
fectants, Pilot plants, Sand filtration, Protozoa, Diato-
maceous earth, Water quality, Coagulation, 'Drinking
water.
PB88-225065/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Effect of Correlated Inputs on DO (Dissolved
Oxygen) Uncertainty,
Tufts Univ., Medford, MA. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
L. C. Brown, and Q. Song. Jun 88,12p EPA/600/D-
88/140
Prepared in cooperation with Nanjing Univ. (China).
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Athens,
GA.
Although uncertainty analysis has been discussed in
recent water quality modeling literature, much of the
work has assumed that all input variables and param-
eters are mutually independent. The objective of the
paper is to evaluate the importance of correlation
among the model inputs in the study of model output
uncertainty. The model used for demonstrating the in-
fluence of input variable correlation is the Streeter-
Phelps dissolved oxygen equation. The model forms
the basis of many of the water quality models currently
in use and the relationships between model inputs and
output state variables are well understood.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, Water analy-
sis, Water quality, Models-simulation, Input, Correla-
tion, Tables(Data), Dissolved oxygen.
PB88-225073/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Mathematical Modeling of Ozone Absorption In
the Lower Respiratory Tract,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. Overton, R. C. Graham, and F. J. Miller. 1967,13p
EPA/600/D-88/141
Pub. in Pharmacokinetics in Risk Assessment: Drink-
ing Water and Health, v8 p302-311 1987. Prepared in
cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
A mathematical 03 dosimetry model has been devel-
oped for simulating the local absorption of 03 in the
lower respiratory tract (LRT) of animals and man. The
model takes into account LRT anatomy, transport in
the lumen and air spaces, transport and chemical re-
actions in the liquid layers and in the underlying tissue
and capillaries. Differential equations are used to de-
scribe the processes of transport and chemical reac-
tions; solutions are obtained numerically. Simulations
are illustrated with results of two investigations: the
effect of anatomical models on predicted LRT uptake
of 03 in rat and guinea pig, and the effect of exercise
on the uptake and distribution of ozone in the LRT of
man.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Ozone, 'Adsorption, 'Respi-
ratory systems, 'Mathematical models, Air pollution,
Chemical reactions, 'Inhalation, Dosimetry models.
PB88-22S081/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Interim Protocol for Measuring Hydrolysis Rate
Constants In Aqueous Solutions. Rept. for Oct 85-
Mar 88.,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
J. J. Ellington, F. E. Standi, W. D. Payne, and C. D.
Trusty. Jun 88,60p EPA/600/3-88/014
Prepared in cooperation with Technology Applications,
Inc., Athens, GA.
A detailed protocol was developed to measure first-
and second-order hydrolysis rate constants for organic
chemicals for use in models for predicting persistence
in aquatic systems. The protocol delineates theoretical
considerations, laboratory experiments, and calcula-
tion procedures. Repetitive application of the protocol
to measure hydrolysis rate constants for four standard
reference compounds over a period of 2 yielded coeffi-
cients of variation of less than 12 percent in the meas-
urements.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Organic com-
pounds, Mathematical models, Standards, Hydrolysis,
'Chemical reaction kinetics, 'Path of pollutants, 'Rate
constants, Environmental chemistry.
PB88-2250M/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Improved Parameterlzatlons for Surface Resist-
ance to Gaseous Dry Deposition In Regional-
Scale, Numerical Models. Final rept.,
Argonne National Lab., IL. Biological and Medical Re-
search Div.
M. L. Wesely. Jun 88,59p* EPA/600/3-88/025
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab., and Department of Energy, Washington,
DC.
Methods for estimating the dry deposition velocities of
atmospheric gases in the United States and surround-
ing areas have been improved. The improvements
have been incorporated into a revised module of com-
puter coding for use in numerical models of atmos-
pheric transport and deposition of pollutants over re-
gional scales. The dry deposition module computes
deposition velocities for five seasonal categories and
11 land use types specified in a land use map. The key
improvement is the computation of bulk surface resist-
ances according to three distinct pathways of mass
transfer. This has been accomplished successfully for
H202, HCHO, acetaldehyde, methyl hydroperoxide,
peroxyacetic acid, HCOOH, NH3, PAN, and HN02, in
addition to the original species (S02, 03, NOx, and
HN03). Other factors considered include surface tem-
perature, stomatal response to environmental param-
eters, the wetting of the surface by dew or rain, and the
covering of surfaces by snow. Surface emission of
pases and variations of the uptake characteristics by
individual plant species are not explicitly considered.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric models, 'Mass transfer,
'Surface resistance, 'Computer programs, Earth at-
mosphere, Velocity, United States, Chemical reactivity,
Dispersion, "Environment models, 'Path of pollutants,
'Dry deposition.
PB88-225107/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Storm Event Sampling of Two Low Alkalinity
Southwestern Arkansas Streams,
Ouachita Baptist Univ., Arkadelphia, AR. Dept. of
Chemistry.
J. F. Nix, K. W. Thornton, D. E. Ford, and J. Malcolm.
Jun 88,248p EPA/600/3-88/023
Grant EPA-R-811863
Prepared in cooperation with FTN Associates, Little
Rock, AR. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
Because of the increasing trend in precipitation acidity
and the frequent occurrence of storm events in the
Southeast, a storm event sampling program was con-
ducted on two streams located in SW Arkansas. The
streams are representative of the streams in the Oua-
chita Mountain area of SW Arkansas and SE Oklaho-
ma. With the exception of a relatively small area in the
central portion of the Ouachita Mountains, the geologi-
cal formations are composed primarily of sandstone
and shale. These streams have low specific conduct-
ance and low buffering capacity and are potentially
susceptible to acidic precipitation. Base flow and
storm event water chemistry and flow were measured
on two SW Arkansas streams, and used to calculate
seasonal/annual budgets for base cations, sulfur, ni-
trogen, and hydrogen, and hydrogen ion. Storm event
hydrographs and chemographs were evaluated to
assess the effects of acidic deposition on short-term
acidification.
Keywords: "Stream pollution, Arkansas, Ouachita
Mountains, Water pollution, Stream flow, Water chem-
istry, Sulfur, Nitrogen, Hydrogen ion, "Acid precipition,
'Storm event sampling, Hydrography.
PB88-2251 IS/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Preliminary Diagnostic Procedure* for Radon
Control. Final rept. May 86-Apr 87,
California Univ., Berkeley. Lawrence Berkeley Lab.
B H Turk, J. Harrison, R. J. Prill, and R. G. Sextro. Jun
88 65p* LBL-23089, EPA/600/8-88/084
Contract DE-AC03-76SF00098
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab., and Department of Energy, Washing-
ton, DC.
The report describes analytical procedures for diag-
nosing radon entry mechanisms into buildings. These
diagnostic methods are generally based on the
premise that pressure-driven flow of radon-bearing soil
gas into buildings is the most significant source of
radon in houses with elevated concentrations, al-
though procedures to determine the contributions of
other potential sources to indoor airborne concentra-
tions are also included. The initial problem assessment
procedures rely on an organized set of measurements
to characteri2e the structure, the surrounding soil, and
the likely entry pathways from the soil into the building.
The measurement procedures, described in detail, in-
clude radon grab sampling under both naturally and
mechanically depressurized conditions, visual and in-
strumental analyses of air movement at various sub-
structure locations, building leakage area tests, and
soil characterization methods. Post-mitigation evalua-
tion procedures are also described. Samples of vari-
ous data forms and test logs are provided.
Keywords: 'Radon, "Buildings, 'Soil dynamics, Leak-
age, Environmental transport, Radiation hazards,
Methodology, Tests, "Indoor air pollution.
PB88-225123/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Office of Mobile Sources.
Intake System Deposit* and Gasoline/Alcohol
Blends. Final rept. Sep 86-Aug 87,
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
S. F. Martin. May 88,65p EPA/460/3-88/006
Contract EPA-68-03-3353
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Ann
Arbor, Ml. Office of Mobile Sources.
Six vehicles, four of them ethanoi blend-fueled and two
gasoline-fueled, were examined for intake system de-
posits. The engines were partially disassembled, pho-
tographs were taken, and deposits were evaluated by
a professional rater. Elemental analysis was made of
the intake valve deposits. Cylinder heads, intake mani-
folds, and fuel tanks were also inspected. Engines run-
ning on blended fuels showed heavy valve deposits.
Keywords: "Ethanols, 'Gasoline engines, 'Automotive
fuels, 'Gasoline, Intake systems, Fuel tanks, Deposits,
Research, Plymouth Reliant, Ford Escort, "Synthetic
fuels.
PB88-225255/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistratlon of Pesticide
Products Containing Coal Tar/Creo*ote as the
Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Apr 88,181 p EPA/540/RS-88/066
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of date requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Coal tar, "Creosote, Stand-
ards, Guidelines, Hazardous materials, Public health,
Regulations, Ecology, Manufacturing, Toxicology, Fun-
gicides, Bactericides, Insect repellents, Wood preserv-
atives, Exposure, 'Registration, 'Toxic substances,
Path of pollutants, Federal Insecticide Fungicide and
Rodenticide Act, Risk assessment.
PB88-225263/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistratlon of Pesticide
Products Containing Dimethyl Tetra-Chloroter-
ephthalate (DCPA) as the Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Jun 88,148p EPA/540/RS-88/084
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of date requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packing, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricultural
products, Public health, Regulations, Ecology, Manu-
facturing, Toxicology, Herbicides, "Registration,
'Toxic substances, "erephthalic acid/tetrachloro-di-
methyl ester, Path of pollutants, Chlorinated Benzoic
Acids, Federal Insecticide and Rodenticide Act, CAS
1861-32-1.
PB88-225271/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Environmental Programs.
Ash Samplings of Ten Incinerators In Illinois. Final
rept.,
Radian Corp.. Research Triangle Park, NC. Progress
Center.
A. J. Miles, and M. A. Palazzolo. May 88,208p IEPA/
ENV-88/028
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Spon-
sored by Illinois State Environmental Protection
Agency, Springfield. Environmental Programs.
The report presents the results of an ash sampling pro-
gram of 12 incinerators located in Illinois. The decision
to conduct ash sampling of these 12 incinerators in the
state was made by Illinois EPA representatives follow-
ing a review of the results of the Tier 4 National Dioxtn
Study Ash Sampling Program which included the sam-
pling and analysis of one wire reclamation incinerator
located in Peoria, Illinois. These incinerators hove
2378-TCDD equivalency above 5 ppb in the ash. Po-
tential recommendations for controlling dioxln forma-
tion are provided by the contractor.
Keywords: 'Ashes, 'Illinois, 'Incinerators, Combustion
products, Quality assurance, Quality control, Stand-
ards, Tables(Data), Ash content. Chemical analysis,
Concentration(Composition), 'Air pollution sampana.
Dioxins.
PB88-225305/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Post Audit of a Lake Erie Eutroplcation Model.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
D. M. DiToro, N. A. Thomas, C. E. Herdendorf, R. P.
Winfield, and J. P. Connolly. C1987.28p EPA/600/J-
87/365
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research, v13 n4 p801-825
Oct 87. Prepared in cooperation with Manhattan Co#.,
Bronx, NY. Dept. of Environmental Engineering, and
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Center for Cake Erie Area
Research.
A post audit of a eutrophicatlon-dissoived oxygen
model of Lake Erie is presented. The model had boon
calibrated using data from 1970 and 1975. Projections
were then made for use in establishing the model
target loadings for phosphorus that would essentially
eliminate the anoxia in the central basin. In the latter
1970s the phosphorus discharges to Lake Erie
dropped substantially due to increased removal from
point sources. The observed response of the lake to
this change in loading is compared to the predicted re-
sponse. A 10-year computation from 1970 to igao is
made using measured lake loadings. Concentrations
of total ana dissolved phosphorus, nitrate, chlorophyll
dissolved oxygen, and anoxic area are comparedto
observations. Both agreements and deviations are ex-
amined. It is concluded that the model target loadings
were reasonably accurate forecasts of theloadings re-
quired to achieve the goal of elimination of anoxia.
Keywords: 'Lake Erie, 'Phosphorus, "Water quality
'Water pollution, Dissolved gases, Oxygen, Lakes'
Anoxia, Chlorophylls, Forecasting, Michigan, Reprints!
"Eutrophication, "Dissolved oxygen, Environment
models, Nitrates.
PBM-225487/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Factors Affecting the Photochemical Treatment
of Hazardous Waste (Journal Version). Journal arS-
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
R. G. Zepp. 1988,5p EPA/600/J-88/040
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology \>?9
n3 p256-257 Mar 88. See also PB88-202478.
The photochemical treatment of hazardous waste cm
be optimized by taking into account various faakm
that influence the rates of photochemical reaction^
Physical factors that facilitate photochemical treatl
ment include: (1) maximizing the irradiated surfecatn
volume ratio of the system; (2) selecting a light aotwea
with a spectrum that strongly overlaps the absorption
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
spectrum of the chromophore; and (3) vigorously
mixing the reaction mixture. Although hazardous
wastes are degraded by direct absorption of light, the
overall rate of light-Induced reactions can usually be
accelerated by adding to the treatment system various
dissolved or particulate substances that, on light ab-
sorption, produce reactive excited states or free radi-
cal intermediates that react with the waste. Examples
of such additives include ozone, perixides, semicon-
ducting metal oxides such as titanium dioxide, and var-
ious organic photosensitizers that efficiently photopro-
duce excited triplet states.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Hazardous materials,
'Photochemical reactions, Adsorption, Reprints,
'Hazardous wastes, 'Photochemical treatment.
PB8B-225594/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally De-
posited Alpha-Emitters: BEIR IV (Biological Ef-
fects of Ionizing Radiations).
National Research Council, Washington, DC. Advisory
Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radi-
ations.
C1988,621p* ISBN-0-309-03789-1
Contract EPA-88-02-3895
Library of Congress catalog card no. 87-31280. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, DC., and Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Wash-
ington, DC.
The report addresses demonstrated and potential
health effects of exposure of human populations to in-
ternally deposited alpha-emitting radionuclides and
their decay products. It emphasizes carcinogenic ef-
fects and, where possible, presents quantitative risk
estimates for cancer induction. The largest part of the
report deals with health effects of exposure to radon
and its progeny. The report also addresses health ef-
fects of exposure to other groups of radionuclides and
their progeny that emit alpha particles-the isotopes of
polonium, radium, thorium, uranium, and the transuran-
ic elements. The report consists of eight chapters and
eight appendixes, the remainder of the chapter pre-
sents a summary of the committee's findings and its
recommendations for future research.
Keywords: 'Radioactive materials, 'Radon, 'Alpha
decay, 'Hazardous materials, 'Toxicology, 'Carcino-
gens, Mineral deposits, Hazardous materials, Expo-
sure, Polonium isotopes, Radium isotopes, Thorium
isotopes, Uranium isotopes, 'Environment pollution,
'Environmental health, 'Risk assessment, 'Radiation
effects, Lung cancer, 'Toxic substances, 'Health ef-
fects.
PB8S-225727/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Roto of Precipitation Chemistry Versus Other Wa-
tershed Properties In Wisconsin Lake Acidifica-
tion. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
O. L Loucks, G. E. Glass, J. A. Sorensen, B. W.
Liiikkonen, and J. Allert. C1986,13p EPA/800/J-86/
467
Pub. In Water, Air and Soil Pollution, v31 p67-77 Nov
86. Prepared in cooperation with Butler Univ., Indian-
apolis, IN. Holcomb Research Inst., and Minnesota
Univ., Duluth. Coll. of Science and Engineering.
Data for over 100 watershed properties, including as-
pects of topography, hydrology, geology, soils, vegeta-
tion, lake morphometry and input precipitation chemis-
try, have been developed since 1980 for 318 water-
sheds in northern Wisconsin. The hypothesis being
evaluated for this lake population is that the observed
water chemistry, can be accounted for as a function of
antecedent water and chemical inputs, after consider-
ing exchange processes in the lake and watershed
ana the lake/groundwater interactions. Observed vari-
ability in color, sulfate, and acid neutralizing capacity
levels in Wisconsin lakes were explained. The results
differ from previous studies in Wisconsin and nearby
areas of Michigan and Minnesota by indicating that in
some lakes acidity may not be in equilibrium with cur-
rent precipitation chemistry. (Copyright (c) 1988 by D.
Reidel Publishing Company.)
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Watersheds, 'Lakes,
*W«er chemistry, Topography, Hydrology, Geology,
Softs Vegetation, Ground water, Water influx, Sul-
fates Color, Alkalinity. Acidity, Reprints, 'Acid precipi-
tation, Northern ReglonfWIsconsin).
PB88-225735/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Simulation Procedure for Groundwater Quality
Assessments of Pesticides. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
R. F. Carsel, R. L. Jones, J. L. Hansen, R. L. Lamb, and
M. P. Anderson. C1988,16p EPA/600/J-88/035
Pub. in Jnl. of Contaminant Hydrology, v2 n2 p125-138
Mar 88. Prepared in cooperation with Union Carbide
Agricultural Products Co., Inc., Research Triangle
Park, NC., and Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Dept. of Ge-
ology and Geophysics.
A procedure is described for making regional assess-
ments of pesticide residue loadings ana movement in
groundwater underneath and downgradient from treat-
ed fields. A Monte-Carlo numerical simulation tech-
nique is performed using the Pesticide Root Zone
Model linked to a simple groundwater solute transport
model. The procedure is useful for evaluating the po-
tential for producing pesticide residues in drinking
water wells before actual field applications are made.
The procedure was used to assess aldicarb levels in
North Carolina groundwater resulting from application
of the pesticide to peanuts. Probability density func-
tions for selected soil characteristics were developed
using a direct-access soils information data base.
Probability density functions for selected groundwater
characteristics were developed from available data for
the study area. Simulation results indicated that mass
fluxes to groundwater exceeded 0.01 and 0.1 kg/ha
approximately 6.9 and 1.0 percent of the time, respec-
tively. No fluxes exceeded 0.1 kg/ha at a distance of
60 m downgradient in any of the cases evaluated.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Ground water,
'Pesticides, Transport properties, Environmental sim-
ulation, Mathematical models, Potable water, Wells,
Mass flow, Soils, Reprints, 'Water quality data, Envi-
ronmental transport, Pesticide root zone model.
PB88-225743/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Influence of Inorganic and Organic Nutrients on
Aerobic Blodegradatlon and on ths Adaptation
Response of Subsurface Microbial Communities.
Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
C. M. Swindoll, C. M. Aelion, and F. K. Pfaender.
c1988,8p EPA/600/J-88/036
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v54
n1 p212-217 Jan 88. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr En-
vironmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
The influence of inorganic and organic amendments
on the mineralization of ethylene dibromide, p-nitro-
phenol, phenol, and toluene was examined in subsur-
face soil samples from a pristine aquifer near Lula,
Okla. The responses indicate that the metabolic abili-
ties and nutrient requirements of groundwater microor-
ganisms vary substantially within an aquifer. In some
samples, additions of inorganic nutrients resulted in a
more rapid adaptation to the test substrate and a
higher rate of metabolism. Additions of alternate
carbon sources, such as glucose or amino acids, inhib-
ited the mineralization of the xenobiotic substrates.
The inhibition appears to be the result of the preferen-
tial utilization of the more easily degradable carbon
amendments. (Copyright (c) 1988, American Society
for Microbiology).
Keywords: 'Groundwater, 'Biodeterioration,
"Aquifers, 'Aquatic microbiology, 'Water pollution,
Nutrients, Toluene, Phenol, Nitrophenols, Metabolism,
Inorganic compounds, Glucose, Amino acids,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, 'Environmen-
tal fate, Ethylene dibromide, Ethane/dibromo.
PB88-225760/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Ken- Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Solubility of Aromatic Pollutants In Mixed Sol-
vents. Journal article,
Arizona Univ., Tucson.
K. R. Morris, R. Abramowitz, R. Pinal, P. Davis, and S.
H. Yalkowsky. C1988,16p EPA/600/J-88/037
Pub. in Chemosphere, v17 n2 p285-298 Feb 88. Spon-
sored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab.,
Ada, OK.
The solubility behavior of several aromatic and polynu-
clear aromatic pollutants was determined in a variety
of water/cosoNent mixtures. The data was used to
test a log-linear solubility model and develop a rela-
tionship for determining the slope of the log-linear sol-
ubility curve.
Keywords: 'Pollutants, 'Aromatic compounds, 'Aro-
matic polycyclic hydrocarbons, 'Solubility, Solvents,
Concentration(Composition), Adsorption, Earth fills,
Mathematical models, Reprints, 'Path of pollutants,
Chemical effluents, Toxic substances.
PB88-225768/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Alpha(2)-Adrenergic Mode of Action of Chlordl-
meform on Rat Visual Function. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Neurotoxicology Div.
W. K. Boyes, and V. C. Moser. c1988,17p EPA/600/J-
88/039
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v92
p402-418 1988. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop
Services, Inc./Environmental Sciences, Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
The hypothesis that chlordimeform increased the am-
plitude of components N;P1 and P1N3 in rat pattern-
reversal visual evoked potentials through actions on
alpha2 adrenergic receptors was tested. Yohimbine
alone had no effect on pattern-reversal evoked poten-
tial amplitude. Clonidine treatment produced a dosage
related increase in amplitude of both components simi-
lar to that produced by chloroimeform. Yohimbine pre-
treatment attenuated the effects of subsequent treat-
ment with either clonidine or chlordimeform. The re-
sults support the hypothesis that chlordimeform alters
rat pattern-reversal evoked potentials through actions
as a central nervous system alpha2 adrenergic agon-
ist. (Copyright (c) Academic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Acaricides, 'Adrenergics,
'Visual perception, Central nervous system, Laborato-
ry animals, Chlorine organic compounds, Amidines,
Reprints, "Chlordimeform, 'Adrenergic alpha recep-
tors, "Toxic substances, Visual evoked potentials,
CAS 6164-98-3, Formamidine/chloro-tolyl-dimethyl.
PB88-225792/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Air Emissions Species Manual. Volume 1. Volatile
Organic Compound Species Profiles. Final rept.
Aug 86-Apr 88,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
G. S. Shareef, W. A. Butler, L. A. Bravo, and M. B.
Stockton. Apr 88,638p* EPA/450/2-88/003A
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
See also Volume 2, PB88-225800 and PB85-
228823.Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
In 1980, EPA published the 'Volatile Organic Com-
pound (VOC) Species Data Manual, Second Edition',
EPA-450/4-80-015, which provided VOC species pro-
files for some emission source categories. More re-
cently, EPA published the 'Receptor Model Source
Composition Library', EPA-450/4-85-002, which con-
tains PM species profiles for several source catego-
ries. As part of an effort to update the VOC and PM
profile data bases, EPA has initiated several studies.
The objective of the current study was to evaluate,
revise, and update (1) the 1980 VOC Data Manual, and
(2) the Source Composition Library. The updated VOC
species profile data base is contained in Volume I of
the document. The VOC profile data base includes
VOC profiles from primarily three sources: (1) the 1980
VOC Data Manual; (2) new VOC profiles developed
from readily available existing data; and (3) new VOC
profiles developed from original data as a result of the
VOC speciation field sampling program. In addition to
the VOC profiles, Volume I contains profile assign-
ments that link a profile to a source category. For cate-
gories where profile data are not available, the profile
assignments are based on engineering judgment.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Profiles, 'Reference
materials, 'Sources, Boilers, Internal combustion en-
pines, Carbon black, Paints, Varnishes, Plastics, Print-
ing inks, Synthetic fibers, Asphalts, Petroleum prod-
ucts, Plywood, Coating, Tables(Data), 'Speciation fac-
tors, 'Volatile organic compounds, 'Emission factors.
Synthetic rubbers, Solid waste disposal.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-225800/HSU	PC A23/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Air Emissions Species Manual. Volume 2. Particu-
late Matter Species Profiles. Final rept. Aug 66-Apr
68,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
G. S. Shareef, and L A. Bravo. Apr 68, 528p* EPA/
450/2-88/0038
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
See also Volume 1, PB88-225792. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
several ongoing activities that require speciated vola-
tile organic compounds (VOC) or particulate matter
(PM) profiles from several source categories. Recent-
ly, EPA published the 'Receptor Model Source Com-
position Library', EPA-450/4-85-002, which contains
PM species profiles for several source categories. As
part of an effort to update the VOC and PM profile data
bases, EPA has initiated several studies. The objective
of the current study was to evaluate, revise, and
update (1) the 1980 VOC Data Manual, and (2) the
Source Composition Library. The revised PM species
profile data base is contained in Volume II of the docu-
ment. The PM profiles were extracted from the Source
Composition Library, with minor changes in format to
facilitate inclusion of additional information in the pro-
files. In addition to the PM profiles, Volume II contains
profile assignments that link a profile to a source cate-
gory. For categories where profile data are not avail-
able, the profile assignments are based on engineer-
ing judgment.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Profiles, 'Reference
materials, 'Sources, Boilers, Chemical industry, Agri-
culture, Petroleum industry, Paper industry, Coating,
Combustion,	Wood,	Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), 'Emission factors, 'Par-
ticulates, 'Speciation factors, Solid waste disposal.
PB88-226246/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Low-Level and NARM Radioactive Wastes. Model
Documentation: PRESTO-EPA-CPG. Methodology
and Users Manual. Final rept..
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC
V. Rogers, and C. Hung. Dec 87,291 p EPA/520/1-87/
026
The report documents a computer program for evalu-
ating maximum annual doses to members ol the criti-
cal population group (located close to the disposal
site). It can be used for dose estimates for up to 10,000
years following the end of low-level waste disposal op-
erations. The conceptual logic and control modifica-
tions include simultaneous modeling of leaching from
multiple waste forms, output or organ dose summaries
for specified intervals of time, calculation of nuclide-
specific dose conversion factors used in determining
total dose for each year, determination of maximum
annual dose and the year in which it occurs, and output
of corresponding dose summaries.
Keywords: 'Radioactive wastes, 'Dosimetry, 'Mathe-
matical models, Waste disposal, PRESTO-EPA-CPG
computer program, Computer program documenta-
tion, User manuals(Computer programs), Land dispos-
al.
RB88-226436/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Detroit River, Michigan: An Ecological Profile,
Fish and Wildlife Service, Ann Arbor, Ml.
B. A. Manny, T. A. Edsall, and E. Jaworskl. Apr 88,
103p BIOLOGICAL-85(7.17), CONTRIB-683
Library of Congress catalog card no. 88-600043. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Eastern Michigan Univ., Yp-
silanti. Dept. of Geography and Geology. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL.
Great Lakes National Program Office.
A part of the connecting channel system between
Lake Huron and Lake Erie, the Detroit River forms an
integral link between the two lakes for both humans
and biological resources such as fish, nutrients, and
plant detritus. The profile summarizes existing scientif-
ic information on the ecological structure and function-
ina of the ecosystem. Topics include the geological
history of the region, climatic influences, nver hydroio-
av lower trophic-level biotic components, native and
introduced fishes, waterfowl use, ecological interrela-
tionships, commercial and recreational uses of the
river, and current management issues. Management
issues include sewer overflows; maintenance dredging
for navigation and port activities; industrial discharges
of potentially hazardous materials; and wetland, fish-
ery, and waterfowl protection and enhancement.
Keywords: "Aquatic biology, "Ecology, 'Water pollu-
tion, "Detroit River, Profiles, Birds, Aquatic animals,
Fishes, Invertebrates, Nutrients, Hydrology, Climate,
Biological productivity, Recreation, Management,
Waste disposal, Navigation, Dredging, Michigan,
Tables(Data), Habitats, 'Ecosystems.
PB88-229398/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1986.
Volume 3. Northwestern Illinois Region. Annual
rept.,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
R.J. Kirschner, and H. L. Hudson. Dec 87,127p IEPA/
WPC/87-007C
See also Volume 2, PB88-148580.
The report is a compilation of lake monitoring data for
37 lakes in the Northeastern Illinois Region (Cook,
DuPage, Kane, Lake, McHenry, and Will Counties). A
statewide summary (Hawes, 1987) is also available
which provides information for all 127 lakes in the 1986
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program (VLMP. Section 2
of the report provides a summary of regional results,
including a discussion of lake characteristics and vol-
unteer participation, and a ranking of lakes on a re-
gional basis. Section 3 contains individual lake sum-
maries for those VLMP lakes that were monitored nine
or more sampling periods during the 1986 season. For
each lake, transparency and field observations data
are presented and discussed in terms of comparison
to other lakes. Section 4 includes individual lake data
(in tabular and graphic form) for those VLMP lakes in
the region which were monitored less than nine sam-
pling periods during the 1986 season.
Keywords; 'Lakes, 'Water pollution, Monitoring, Citi-
zen participation, Transparence, Nutrients, Depth,
Color, Sites, Watersheds, Classifications, Ranking,
Sediments, Algae, Tables(Data), Eutrophication,
"Northeastern Region(lllinois).
PB88-229406/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of a Methanol-Fueled (M85) Turbo-
charged Nissan Sentra. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology and Applications Branch.
D. M. Blair. May 88,31 p EPA/AA/CTAB-88/03
Section 211 of the Clean Air Act requires that the
United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
play a key role in the introduction of new motor vehicle
fuels. The Emission Control Technology Division
(ECTD), of the Office of Mobile Sources, EPA assess-
es technology that could be used to reduce mobile
source emissions, including evaluation of alternate-
fueled vehicles. A turbocharged Nissan Sentra was
emission tested at the U.S. EPA Motor Vehicle Emis-
sions Laboratory located in Ann Arbor, Michigan. This
vehicle was designed by Nissan to operate on M85 (85
percent methanol/15 percent gasoline) fuel. The vehi-
cle's chassis is a late-1986 configuration while the
engine is based on a 1983 1.3-liter design. The report
includes individual test results using methanol vehicle
procedures, calculation of exhaust emissions, and indi-
vidual test results using gasoline vehicle procedures.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Methlyl alcohol,
'Fuels, 'Automobile engines, Vehicles, Carbinols,
Tests, Evaluations, Fuel mixtures, Exhaust composi-
tion, Nissan Sentra.
PB88-229547/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Preliminary Experiments In a Research Houst to
Investigate Contaminant Migration In Indoor Air.
Final rept.,
Geomet Technologies, Inc., Germantown, MD.
M. D. Koontz, H. E. Rector, R. C. Fortmann, and N. L.
Nagda. Jun 88,92p GEOMET-IE-1882, EPA/560/5-
88/004
Contract EPA-68-02-4254
Prepared in cooperation with Versar, Inc., Springfield,
VA. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Toxic Substances.
Controlled experiments were performed in an unoccu-
pied research house to provide (1) a detailed charac-
terization of the migration patterns of contaminants re-
leased indoors from consumer products and (2) a
basis for assessment of the exposure implications ot
contaminant migration and the accuracy of currently
used exposure assessment models. To enable rela-
tively detailed spatial and temporal monitoring with
readily available instrumentation, carbon monoxide
(CO) was chosen as a surrogate contaminant for the
investigation. Within an hour after the release was ter-
minated, concentrations approached spatial uniformity
even though a central air circulation fan that would
have promoted contaminant migration was turned off
as part of the experimental design. A single-chamber
indoor air quality model provided closer approximation
of passive than active exposures. Use of a two-cham-
ber model resulted in better estimates of each type of
exposure.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Carbon monoxide,
'Houses, Residential buildings, Gas flow, Exposure,
Contaminants, 'Indoor air pollution, 'Path of pollut-
ants.
PB88-230602/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Determination of the Optimal Sampling Strategy
for Assessing Open Lake Water Quality and
Tracking Trends In the Western Basin of Lake
Erie. Technical rept. (Final),
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Center for Lake Erie Area
Research
L. A. Fay, and D. E. Rathke. Jul 87,127p CLEAR/TR-
305
GrantEPA-R-005815
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago,
IL. Great Lakes National Program Office.
The project was undertaken to determine an offshore
region in the western basin of Lake Erie using the sta-
tistical technique of clustering. The region wnen sam-
pled during surveillance/monitoring programs would
provide information on annual open lake water quality
and data for long term trend analysis. Defining a repre-
sentative offshore region in the western basin was
more complex than for the other basins due to the
shallowness of the western basin, resulting in exten-
sive sediment/water column interactions, particularly
during storm activity. The initial phaBe of the program
was devoted to an extensive inventory of the STORET
data base to determine the variables having the most
consistent quality and quantity for utilization in multi-
variable clustering. Five variables were selected for
the multi-variable clustering routine: total phosphorus,
total dissolved phosphorus, turbidity, chlorophyll and
chloride. The resulting offshore representative region
was then sub-clustered to determine the number ot
stations (N=5) needed during future sampling pro-
grams. The minimum number of surveys needed annu-
ally is seven.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Sampling, 'Lake Erie, Sta-
tistical quality control, Water pollution, Trends, Design
criteria, Geologic basins, Statistical ' -
Tables(Data), Environmental monitoring.
PB88-230610/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Open Lake Water Quality Conditions for Lake
Erie's Western, Central snd Eastern Basins, iMg,
Technical rept. (Final),
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Center for Lake Erie Area
Research
L. A. Fay, H. E. Kundtz, and 0. E. Rathke. Jan 88, anew
CLEAR/TR-317
Grant EPA-R-005892
See also PB87-213088.Portions of this document ara
not fully legible. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Chicago, IL. Great Lakes National Pro-
gram Office.	' . ¦
The 1986 Lake Erie open lake surveillance/monitorino
program followed the plan recommended and sano*
tioned by the Water Quality Board of the International
Joint Commission, Great Lakes Regional Office. The
study included twelve western basin, six central end
three eastern basin surveys. Several conventional
physical and chemical parameters were measured, uL
all surveys. The western basin data set has thai gts*^
-------
est seasonal coverage, spanning from April through
November. Based upon total phosphorus, chlorophyll
and secchl transparency, the western basin is classi-
fied as eutrophic. The central basin epilimnion was
similar in nutrient concentration and trophic classifica-
tion (mesotrophic) as was reported for 1985. Seasonal
median total phosphorus and chlorophyll concentra-
tions were 13 ug/1 and 2 ug/l respectively. In contast
with 1985, the central basin nypolimnion was not found
to have gone anoxic. However, the oxygen depletion
rate was 4.7 mg/l/month, the highest rate calculated
in recent years. Only limited seasonal information was
collected for the eastern basin during the 1986 field
season. Based upon the available information, phos-
phorus and chlorophyll concentrations were similar to
those recorded in previous studies.
Keywords: "Water quality, 'Lake Erie, Water analysis,
Phosphorus, Trends, Water pollution, Seasonal vari-
ations, Tables(Data), Surveys, Dissolved gases, 'Envi-
ronmental monitoring, Water quality data, Eutrophica-
tion.
PB88-230719/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Lake and Reservoir Restoration Guidance Manual:
First Edition,
North American Lake Management Society, Merrifield,
VA.
L. Moore, and K. Thornton. Feb 88,297p EPA/440/5-
88/002
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
The manual provides guidance to lake managers,
homeowners, lake associations, and laypersons on
lake and reservoir restoration, management and pro-
tection. It also provides information on how to Identify
lake problems, evaluate practices for restoring and
protection lakes, watershed management, and creat-
ing a lake management plan.
Keywords: "Water pollution, 'Lakes, 'Reservoirs,
"Surface waters, Evaluation, Assessments, Manuals,
Aquatic ecosystems, Watersheds, Eutrophication,
Algae, "Water quality management, Water pollution
control.
PB88-230735/HSU	PC A99/MF E08
Aerosols: Research, Risk Assessment and Con-
trol Strategies. Proceedings of the U.S.-Dutch
international Symposium, WIHIamsburg, Virginia,
May 19-25,1985 (2nd),
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
S. D. Lee, T. Schneider, L. D. Grant, and P. J. Verkerk.
C1986,1209p EPA/600/9-87-026, ISBN-0-87371-
061-7
Library of Congress catalog card no. 86-20065. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Ministerie van Volkshuis-
vesting en Ruimtelijke Ordening, Leidschendam (Neth-
erlands).
The Second U.S.-Dutch International Symposium on
Aerosols was one of many cooperative activities In en-
vironmental protection called for in a Memorandum of
Understanding signed in 1980 between the U.S. and
the Netherlands. The symposium focused on a wide
range of topics concerning air pollution: air quality, wel-
fare effects, health effects, control technologies, and
policy and management strategies. Approximately 300
people from The Netherlands, Canada, Germany, Bel-
Sum, The United Kingdom, Japan, Korea, Sweden,
India, and the United States attended the symposium.
Participants included governmental regulatory offi-
cials, research scientists, air pollution control experts,
Industrial representatives, members of environmental
conservation groups, media representatives, and grad-
uate students from several nations. Because of the
nature of environmental problems (which are transna-
tional or even global) and the important role that a co-
operative effort such as this plays toward development
of rational approaches to environmental protection,
the governments of the United States and The Nether-
lands renewed the Memorandum of Understanding in
June 1985 for another five years.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, 'Symposia, Air pollution, Risk,
Particulates, Toxicology, Epidemiology, Research
management, "Air pollution control, Air pollution
etfects(Humens), Air pollution effects(Plants), Air pol-
lution economics, Air pollution abatement.
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-230743/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Report of the EPA (Environmental Protection
Agency) Workshop on the Development of Risk
Assessment Methodologies for Tumor Promoters,
Eastern Research Group, Inc., Arlington, MA.
J. Connery. Jun 87,217p EPA/600/9-87/013
Contract EPA-68-03-3234
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment.
At a workshop sponsored by the EPA Office of Re-
search and Development, thirteen expert panelists dis-
cussed research needed to support the development
of risk assessment methodologies for tumor promot-
ers. The panelists exchanged current data on promo-
tion, identified data gaps, and formulated general and
specific research recommendations. Available data
suggest that there are probably at least three stages of
carcinogenesis - initiation, promotion and progression
- and that there are agents that are associated pre-
dominantly with these three stages. The panelists
agreed that the mechanism of promotion is not cur-
rently understood and they suggest that there may be
several different mechanisms of promotion. Available
data suggest that promotion is substantially different
from initiation, and that traditional risk assessment
models for carcinogens are not appropriate for pro-
moters. The panelists agreed that not enough data are
currently available to assess the risks of promoters,
and that substantial research is needed in several
areas.
Keywords: Methodology, 'Tumor promoters, 'Risk as-
sessment, Carcinogenesis.
PB88-230750/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Thyroid Follicular Cell Carcinogenesis: Mechanis-
tic and Science Policy Considerations,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
R. N. Hill, L. S. Erdreich, O. E. Paynter, P. A. Roberts,
and S. L. Rosenthal. May 88,169p EPA/625/3-88/
014A
EPA's Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment call
for use of mechanistic and other relevant information
in making choices about the models to be used in ex-
trapolating hazard estimates from high to low expo-
sures. The Forum report on thyroid neoplasia pro-
poses that, under clearly specified conditions, chemi-
cal carcinogenesis in thyroid follicular cells can be
analyzed as a threshold phenomenon, rather than as-
suming low-dose linearity as EPA customarily does for
carcinogenic compounds. Specifically, for chemicals
that induce tumors only in the thyroid gland and alter
pituitary-thyroid status, EPA scientists would use meta-
bolic, toxicological, and ancillary data on preneoplastic
end points to identify a NOAEL or LOAEL as the basis
for a cancer potency estimate. The Forum report re-
views the physiology and biochemistry of normal thy-
roid-pituitary function, discusses factors influencing
thyroid carcinogenesis, and analyzes human data on
thyroid hyperplasia and neoplasia.
Keywords: 'Thyroid gland, Endocrine gland, Thyroid
neoplasms, Exposure, "Carcinogen risk assessment,
"Carcinogenesis, "Thyroid follicular cells.
PB88-230909/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Assessing Asbestos Exposure In Public Buildings,
Battelle Columbus Dtv., Washington, DC.
J. Hatfield, J. Stockrahm, F. Toot, J. Ogden, and B.
Leczynski. May 88,184p* EPA/560/5-88/002
Contracts EPA-68-02-4294, EPA-68-02-3997
Prepared in cooperation with Price Associates, Wash-
ington, DC., Alliance Technologies Corp., Bedford,
MA., and Lee (R.J.) Group, inc., Monroeville, PA.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Toxic Substances.
Airborne asbestos levels were measured by direct
transmission electron microscopy in 49 public build-
ings from three categories: (1) buildings without asbes-
tos-containing material (ACM); (2) buildings with all or
most of the ACM in good condition allowing tor a limit-
ed number of areas of moderate damage; and (3)
buildings which had at least one area of significantly
damaged ACM or numerous areas of moderate
damage. Although the absolute airborne asbestos
levels were very low, Category (3) had the highest
median levels followed by Category (2), Category (1),
and outdoors. Category (3) levels were significantly
higher than Category (1). Another objective was to
field test an assessment method for ACM developed
facilitate abatement decision making in the context of
an asbestos management program. Using rate con-
sistency as an evaluation criterion, the three factors
showed promise as assessment tools for use in the
field. Each factor showed statistically significant con-
sistency among raters.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Asbestos, "Public
buildings, "Standards, 'Exposure, "Indoor air pollu-
tion, "Toxic substances, "Environmental monitoring,
Risk assessment.
PB88-231048/HSU	PC E99
Assessing the Risks of Trace Gases That Can
Modify the Stratosphere.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Air and Radiation.
Dec 87,2370p-in 8v*
Set includes PB88-231055 through PB88-231097.
No abstract available.
PB88-231055/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Assessing the Risks of Trace Gases That Can
Modify the Stratosphere. Volume 1. Executive
Summary,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Air and Radiation.
J. S. Hoffman. Dec 87,101p* EPA/400/1-87/001A
See also Volume 2, PB88-191853.
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E99, PB88-
231048.
The document is one of a series that examines the
human health, environmental and atmospheric risks
associated with a decrease in stratospheric ozone. It
provides a synopsis of current understanding of how
atmospheric composition may change and the effects
the change is likely to have on ozone abundance and
its vertical distribution. It includes the impacts of the
changes in ozone on human health, polymers, plants
and aquatic systems. It also examines related changes
in climate and the potential impacts of climate change
on sea level rise, agriculture, human health, water re-
sources and forests.
Keywords: "Atmospheric composition, "Ozone, "Strat-
osphere, 'Air pollution, Ultraviolet radiation, Climate,
Atmospheric models, Gases, Chlorohydrocaibons,
Fluorohydrocarbons, Skin cancer, Agriculture, Sea
level, Water resources, Forests, Air pollution
effects(Humans), Air pollution effects(Plants).
PB88-231063/HSU	PC A24/MF A01
Ultraviolet Radiation and Melanoma: With a Spe-
cial Focus on Assessing the Risks of Stratospher-
ic Ozone Depletion,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Air and Radiation.
J. S. Hoffman, and J. D. Longstreth. Dec 87,560p*
EPA/400/1-87/001D
See also Volume 3, PB88-191861 and Volume 5,
PB88-191879.
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E99, PB88-
231048.
The document is part of a series of documents that ex-
amines the human health, environmental and atmos-
pheric effects associated with a decrease in strato-
spheric ozone. The volume, in particular, addresses
the effects to human health and the relationship be-
tween ultraviolet radiation and melanoma.
Keywords: "Atmospheric composition, "Stratosphere,
Ultraviolet radiation, "Melanoma, "Ozone, Epidemiolo-
gy, Exposure, 'Biological radiation effects.
PB88-231071/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Assessing the Risks of Trace Oases That Can
Modify the Stratosphere. Volume 6. Technical
Support Documentation Production Projections,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Air and Radiation.
J. S. Hoffman. Dec 87,349p* EPA/400/1 -87/001F
See also Volume 5, PB88-191879, and Volume 7,
PB68-231089.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E99, PB88-
231048.
The document is one of a series that examines the
human health, environmental and atmospheric risks
associated with a decrease in stratospheric ozone.
The volume includes reports on: Probabilistic projec-
tions of chlorofluorocarbon consumption; Scenarios of
chlorofluorocarbon use: 1985-2075; Product uses and
market trends for potential ozone depleting substance
1985-2000; and An analytic method for constructing
scenarios from a subjective joint possibility distribution.
Keywords: *Air pollution, *Chlorohydrocarbons,
"Fluorohydrocarbons, Mathematical prediction,
Tables(Data), Probability theory, Production, Con-
sumption, Ozone, Risk, "Chlorofluorocarbons.
PB88-231089/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Assessing the Risks of Trace Gases That Can
Modify the Stratosphere. Volume 7. Technical
Support Documentation Atmospheric Science
Papers,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Air and Radiation.
J. S. Hoffman. Dec 87,214p* EPA/400/1-87/001G
See also Volume 6, PB88-231071, and Volume 8,
PB88-231097.
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E99, PB88-
231048.
The document is one of a series that examines the
human health, environmental and atmospheric risks
associated with a decrease in stratospheric ozone. It
includes 5 atmospheric science papers on atmospher-
ic modeling. Photochemistry model sensitivity to chlo-
rine perturbations, ozone perturbations in the LLNL
one-dimensional model, Monte Carlo uncertainty anal-
ysis of stratospheric ozone, ozone changes of the tro-
posphere and stratosphere, and ultraviolet solar flux
incident on the biosphere are discussed.
Keywords: 'Ultraviolet radiation, 'Atmospheric
models, 'Atmospheric composition, 'Ozone, 'Chlo-
rine, Mathematical models, Tables(Data), Fluorohydro-
carbons, Chlorohydrocarbons, Photochemical reac-
tions, Stratosphere, Troposphere, Forecasting, Meth-
ane, Nitrogen oxide, Monte Carlo method,
Graphs(Charts), "Chlorofluorohydrocarbons.
PB88-231097/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
r.M°>8ln? ,he Rltk* Trace Gases That Can
Modify the Stratosphere. Volume 8. Technical
Support Documentation Ozone Depletion and
Plants,
Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC.
Office of Air and Radiation.
A. H. Teramura. Dec 87,138p* EPA/400/1-87/001H
See also Volume 7, PB88-231089.
Also available in set of 8 reports PC E99, PB88-
231048.
The document is one of a series that examines the
human health, environmental and atmospheric risks
associated with a decrease in stratospheric ozone. It
focuses on issues and uncertainties in assessing the
effects of UV-B radiation on plants as well as risks to
crop yield resulting from an increase In solar UV-B radi-
ation. Recommendations are made for improving field
experimental design and management.
Keywords: 'Ultraviolet radiation, 'Air pollution, 'Farm
crops, Yield, Field tests, Plant growth, Ozone, 'Biologi-
cal radiation effects.
PB88-231196/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Estimating Exposures to 2,3,7,8-TCDD. Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Mar 88, 360p*
See also PB88-231212.
The exposure assessment document provides a
review and update of information related to exposure
to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD).
Several scenarios are constructed to illustrate how
contaminated material from contaminated soil, various
land disposal situations, and municipal waste inciner-
ation can result in exposure to 2-?'^.8-TCDD. Esti-
mates are also provided to show what the human ex-
posure and risk would be via inhalation, dermal con-
tact, and ingestion of contaminated soil. Part One pre-
sents an update of previous work and an analysis ot
key issues related to exposure assessment for chlorin-
ated dibenzo-p-dioxins with emphasis on 2,3,7,8-
TCDD, such as the behavior of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in soil
and sediment, bioavailability from soil, the use of phar-
macokinetics for estimating 2,3,7,8-TCDD exposures,
and plant uptake. Part Two addresses the application
of exposure assessment methods discussed in Part
One, in evaluating 2,3,7,8-TCDD exposures from se-
lected situations. Twenty different exposure scenarios,
covering contaminated soil, landfills and incineration
are presented. Human exposure and risk calculations
are then computed under each pathway for the differ-
ent scenarios.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Exposure, Hazardous materials,
Soils, Land disposal. Incinerators, Respiration,
Ingestion(Biology), Concentration(Composition),
Sources, Chlorine organic compound, 'Toxic sub-
stances, *TCDD, 'Dioxin/tetrachloro-dlbenzo, 'Risk
assessment, Inhalation, Path of pollutants, CAS 1746-
01-6.
PB88-231204/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Cancer Risk-Specific Dose Estimate for 2,3,7,8-
TCDD. Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Jun 88,72p*
See also report dated Mar 88, PB88-231196.
The draft report focuses on the hazard identification
and dose-response assessment for the potential
human carcinogenicity of the chemical. The objective
of the report is to determine if EPA's 1985 cancer risk
assessment for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins
should be modified in light of recent data, alternative
risk assessment methods, or alternative interpreta-
tions of data on the chemical. The draft report con-
cludes that (1) the 1985 assessment that associates a
0.006 pk/kg/day dose with a plausible upper bound in-
creased cancer risk of one in a million 10 to the -6
power should be reconsidered, and (2) a change to a
0.1 pg/kg/day dose as a plausible upper bound asso-
ciated with an increased lifetime risk of one in a million
is consistent with the available data and theories, and
represents a reasonable science policy for the
Agency. Also, appendices A through F to the docu-
ment contain important background Information on a
broad range of issues related to 2,3,7,8-TCDD includ-
ing quantitative implications (A), epidemiology (B and
D), reproductive and developmental toxicity (C), im-
munotoxicity (E), and mechanisms of action (F).
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Carcinogens, 'Malignant neo-
plasms, Hazardous materials, Dosage, Exposure,
Chlorine organic compounds, 'Health risks, 'Toxic
substances, 'Risk assessment, 'TCDD, "Dioxln/tetra-
chloro-dibenzo, CAS 1746-01-6, 'Cancer.
PB88-231212/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Cancer Risk-Specific Dose Estimate for 2,3,7,8-
TCDD: Appendices A through F. Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Jun 88,270p*
See also report dated Jun 88, PB88-231204.
The draft report reexamines the scientific basis and
methods used by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) for estimating the cancer potency of
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD). It
focuses on the hazard identification and dose-re-
sponse assessment for the potential human carcino-
genicity of this chemical. The objective of the report is
to determine if EPA's 1985 cancer risk assessment for
polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins should be modified
in light of reoent data, alternative risk assessment
methods, or alternative interpretations of data on the
chemical. The draft report concludes that (1) the 1985
assessment that associates a 0.006 pk/kg/day dose
with a plausible upper bound increased cancer risk of
one in a million 10 to the -6 power should be reconsid-
ered, and (2) a change to a 0.1 pg/kg/day dose as a
plausible upper bound associated with an increased
lifetime risk of one in a million is consistent with the
available data and theories, and represents a reasona-
ble science policy for the Agency. Appendices A
through F to the document contain important back-
ground information on a broad range of issues related
to 2,3,7,8-TCDD including quantitative implications (A),
epidemiology (B and D), reproductive and develop-
mental toxicity (C), immunotoxicity (E), and mecha-
nisms of action (F).
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Carcinogens, 'Malignant neo-
plasms, Hazardous materials, Dosage, Chlorine organ-
ic compounds, Epidemiology, Reproduction(Biology),
Toxicology, 'Cancer, 'Toxic substances, 'Risk
sessment, 'TCDD. 'Dioxin/tetrachloro-diberizo
"Health risks, CAS 1746-01-6, Reference materials.
PB88-231287/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Michigan, Water Year
1987. Annual rept. 1 Oct 86-30 Sep 87,
Geological Survey, Lansing, Ml. Water Resources Div.
S. P. Blumer, J. C. Failing, W. W. Larson, C. R. Whited,
and R. L. LeuVoy. May 88,294p USGS/WRD/HD-88/
231, USGS/WDR/MI-87/1
See also PB87-119954.
Water resources data for the 1987 water year for
Michigan consists of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes
and reservoirs; and water levels and water tempera-
ture of ground water. The report contains discharge
records for 135 streamflow-gaging stations; stage only
records for 15 lake-gaging stations; stage and con-
tents for 5 lakes and reservoirs; water-quality records
for 24 streamflow-gaging stations; water-level records
for 52 observation wells; and water-temperature
records for 6 observation wells. Also included are 52
crest-stage partial-record stations and 8 low-flow par-
tial-record stations.
Keywords: 'Ground water, "Surface waters, 'Michi-
gan, Water pollution, Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes,
Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Temperature
Tables(Data), 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic data!
Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB88-231501/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Sediment, Nutrient and Pesticide Transport In Se-
lected Lower Great Lakes Tributaries. Final rent
1982-85,
Heidelberg Coll., Tiffin, OH. Water Quality Lab.
D. B. Baker. Feb 88,237p EPA/905/4-88/001
GLPNO-1
Grants EPA-R-005727, EPA-R-005817
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Chi-
cago, IL. Great Lakes National Program Office.
Event sampling programs were conducted at 11 tribu-
tary monitoring stations in the Lake Erie and Lake On-
tario watersheds during the 1982 -1985 water years
Samples were analyzed for suspended sediments, nu^
trients and pesticides at 8 stations in the Lake Erie wa-
tershed and for suspended sediments and nutrients at
3 stations in the Lake Ontario watershed. The resulting
data illustrate and quantify the effects of agricultural
nonpoint pollution on regional surface waters. The
data are analyzed with respect to both the concentra-
tion patterns of pollutants at the transport stations and
the loadings of pollutants at the stations. Time weight-
ed and flux weighted mean concentrations arepre-
sented, as are percentile distributions and concentra-
tion exceedency curves. Total loads, unit area loads
and loading exceedency tables are also presented
Relative to tributaries in other agricultural regions, the
concentrations of nitrates and pesticides in northwest-
ern Ohio tributaries to Lake Erie are particularly high.
Keywords: 'Watersheds, 'Sediment transport, 'Pesti-
cides, 'Nutrients, 'Water pollution, Surface waters.
Tables(Data), Lake Erie, Lake Ontario, Inorganic n£
trates, Inorganic phosphates, 'Path of pollutants, *Ao-
ricultural runoff, Nonpoint sources.
PB88-231519/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, 111 Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Great Lakes Atmospheric Deposition (QLADt Ma*,
work, 1982 and 1983: Data Analyals and bttemnk
tatlon. Final rept 1982-83,	-i-w
Illinois State Water Survey Div., Champaign. Atmm.
pheric Chemistry Section.
D. F. Gatz, V. C. Bowersox, J. Su, and G. J. Stenatand
Feb 88,78p EPA/905/4-88/002,, GLPNO-88/02
Grant EPA-R-005882
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency Chi-
cago, IL. Great Lakes National Program Offk». •
In 1981 the Great Lakes National Program O
(GLNPO) of the U.S. Environmental Protection Am»
(U.S. EPA) established a network of Great Lakes At
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
mospheric Deposition (GLAD) sites to determine at-
mospheric loadings of metal9, nutrients, and major in-
organic species to the Great Lakes and to evaluate
annual trends in the chemical loadings of these spe-
cies to the lakes. The network was designed to collect
wet-only deposition samples at near-shore locations.
The study contains an analysis and interpretation of at-
mospheric wet deposition data collected by the GLAD
network. Included in the study are: an assessment of
data quality; a comparison of specific pairs of GLAD
and National Atmospheric elements to the five Great
Lakes; and an analysis of the potential changes in
loading estimates caused by closing certain GLAD
sampling sites.
Keywords: 'Precipitation(Meteorology), 'Air pollution,
'Water pollution, 'Great Lakes, Sampling, pH, Nutri-
ents, Chemical analysis, Ions, Chlorine, Calcium, Mag-
nesium, Sodium, Mercury(Metal), Cadmium,
Lead(Metal), Inorganic nitrates, Inorganic sulfates,
Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data), Organic loading.
PB88-231527/HSU
PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 164: Cyfluthrln.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30	Dec 87,7p EPA/540/FS-88/088
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, In-
secticides, Agricultural products, 'Tomc substances,
•Cyfluthrin, Path of pollutants, Chemical information
fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, CAS
68359-37-5, Environmental fate.
PBM-231635/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 167: Formaldehyde
and Paraformaldehyde.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
17 May 88,11 p* EPA/540/FS-88/089
The document contains up-to-date chemical Informa-
tion, Including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
ofpesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred: (1) issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard; (2) issuance of each
special review document; (3) registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern; (4) registration of a new
chemical; or (5) an Immediate need for information to
resolve controversial Issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Formaldehyde, Regulations,
Hazardous materials, Toxicology, Chemical properties,
Ecology, 'Toxic substances, Path of pollutants, Chem-
ical Information fact sheet, Use patterns, Science find-
ings, CAS 50-00-0.
PBM-231543/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Outdance for the Rereglstrstlon of Pesticide
Products Containing Formaldehyde and Parafor-
maldehyde a* the Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
31	May 88,119p EPA/540/RS-88/080
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes now to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of date requirements
and data gaps. Also included Is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA In arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Formaldehyde, 'Aldehyde
oofcmers. Standards, Guidelines, Hazardous materi-
al Agricultural products, Public health, Regulations,
Ecology, Manufacturing, Toxicology, Labels, Packag-
ing, Disinfectants, Fungicides, Biocides, Preservatives,
Pest control, 'Toxic substances, Risk assessment,
Path of pollutants, Federal Insecticide Fungicide and
Rodenticide Act, CAS 50-00-0, CAS 30525-89-4.
PB88-231550/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 168: Quizalofop
Ethyl.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
10 Jun 88,9p E PA/540/ FS-88/090
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Her-
bicides, Agricultural products, 'Toxic substances,
'Quizalofop ethyl, Propanoic acid/(chloroqulnoxaiiny-
loxy-(phenoxyl ester))-ethyl, Path of pollutants, Chemi-
cal information fact sheet, CAS 79578-14-8.
PB88-231576/HSU	PC A23/MF A01
Diamond Chultna Coal Project Draft environmental
impact statement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Jun 88,548p EPA/910/9-87/172
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Corps of Engineers, Anchor-
age, AK. Alaska District, ana Alaska State Dept. of
Natural Resources, Juneau.
The Draft Environmental Impact Statement for the Dia-
mond Chuitna Coal Project was prepared pursuant to
the National Environmental Policy Act. The actions to
be considered are the approvals of permits for the pro-
posed project located on the west side of Cook Inlet in
southcentral Alaska. The project would consist of a
surface coal mine, haul road, a method of transporting
coal to a port facility on Cook Inlet, dock facilities, and
other ancillary facilities. Three action alternatives and
a No Action Alternative are discussed in detail. The im-
pacts of the proposed project are considered in terms
of vegetation, fish, wildlife, wetlands, water quality and
hydrology, physical and chemical oceanography, air
quality, visual resources, cultural resources, subsist-
ence, socioeconomics, recreation, technical feasibility,
and future uses of facilities.
Keywords: 'Cargo transportation, 'Harbor facilities,
'Coal mines, "Cook Inlet, 'Environmental impact
statements-draft, Roads, Construction, Licenses, Envi-
ronmental impacts, Wildlife, Fishes, Pollution, Hydrolo-
gy, Recreation, Vegetation, Ocean environments, Dia-
mond Chuitna Coal Project.
PB88-231949/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Summary Review of the Health Effects Associat-
ed with Sodium Hydroxide: Health Issue Assess-
ment,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
F. M. Martin. Jun 88,43p* EPA/600/8-88/081
Prepared in cooperation with Oak Ridge National Lab.,
TN. Information Research and Analysis Div.
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is produced in large quanti-
ties in the U.S. and the aerosol may be rebased into
the atmosphere. Inhalation of aerosolized NaOH can
cause damage to the upper respiratory tract and to the
lungs. Rats exposed to a 40% NaOH aerosol In a
chronic study showed bronchial ulceration and necro-
sis. At 20%, bronchi were dilated and the epithelium
was desquamated. Irritation may occur at air concen-
trations below 2ma/cu m. NaOH was shown to be not
genotoxic by the Ames reversion test and DNA-repair
test. NaOH was found to be not teratogenic in mice.
NaOH was classified as Class D as to carcinogenicity.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Sodium hydroxide, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Aerosols, Laboratory animals. Rats, Mice, Car-
cinogens,	Respiratory	diseases,
Reproduction(Biology),	Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), 'Carcinogenesis, 'Toxic
substances, 'Environmental health, 'Health effects,
Inhalation, Pharmacokinetics, Mutagenicity, Air quality.
PB86-232343/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 169: Fenthlon.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Jun 88,13p EPA/540/FS-88/095
See also PB88-232350.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred: (1) issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard; (2) issuance of each
special review document; (3) registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern; (4) registration of a new
chemical; or (5) an immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Toxicology, Chemical proper-
ties, Hazardous materials, Regulations, Ecology,
'Toxic substances, Path of pollutants, Chemical infor-
mation fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, CAS
55-38-9.
PB88-232350/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregiatration of Pesticide
Products Containing Fenthlon as the Active Ingre-
dient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jun 88,148p* EPA/540/RS-88/094
See also PB88-232343.
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of date requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricul-
tural products, Public health, Regulations, Ecology,
Manufacturing, Toxicology, 'Toxic substances, 'Re-
registration, Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Ro-
denticide Act, CAS 55-38-9.
PB88-232780/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Characterization of Municipal Solid Waste in the
United States, 1960 to 2000 (Update 1988),
Franklin Associates Ltd., Prairie Village, KS.
M. A. Franklin. Mar 88.43p* EPA/530/SW-88/033
Contract EPA-68-01-7310
See also PB87-178323.Portions of this document are
not fully legible. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response.
Knowledge of the quantities and composition of mu-
nicipal solid waste (MSW) is a necessary tool for many
aspects of solid waste management. The report, which
is an update of previous work in 1986, presents a sum-
mary of estimates of historical MSW quantities and
composition from 1960 to 1986, with projections to the
Saar 2000. The material flows methodology developed
y EPA in the early 1970s, with refinements that have
been added in succeeding years, was used to make
these estimates.
Keywords: 'Forecasting trends, Materials recovery,
Waste disposal, Contaminants, 'Municipal solid
wastes, Municipal wastes, Solid wastes.
PB88-233424/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Hazardous Waste Management In the Pacific
Northwest. Final Report Findings and Recom-
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Mar 88,90p EPA/910/9-88/187
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
EPA and the four Pacific Northwest States of Alaska,
Idaho, Oregon and Washington joined together to
assess current and future issues and to explore the op-
portunities associated with hazardous waste in the Pa-
cific Northwest, the report explores data/capacity as-
sessment, waste reduction and siting of new facilities.
Recommendations include establishing a Pacific
Northwest Hazardous Waste Advisory Council, devel-
oping a waste reduction strategy, performing addition-
al analysis of regional wastestream and improving
Northwest data collection systems.
Keywords: 'Regional planning, Waste recycling, Sur-
veys, "Pacific Northwest Region(United States), 'Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, "Hazardous wastes,
'Waste management, Hazardous waste sites,
Wastes(lndustrial), Solid waste abatement, Land dis-
posal, Waste disposal.
PB88-233481/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Report on the Use of Wetlands for Municipal
Wastewater Treatment and Disposal.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Municipal Pollution Control.
Oct 87,32p EPA/430/9-88/005
The report reviews current knowledge of the use of
both natural and constructed wetlands for municipal
wastewater treatment and disposal. The extent and
circumstances of this practice are reviewed and sum-
maries of the regulatory issues involved as well as EPA
policies are presented.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Wetlands, 'Sewage
disposal, Water quality, Reviews, Water reclamation,
Regulations, Standards, Waste water treatment, Utili-
zation, Ecology, 'Water quality management, 'Munici-
pal wastes, Water pollution effects(Animals), Water
poilution(Plant8).
PB88-233937/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Simplifying Complex QSAR's (Quantitative Struc-
ture-Activity Relationships) In Toxicity Studies
with Multivariate Statistics,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
G. J. Niemi, and J. M. McKim. Jul 88,13p EPA/600/D-
88/142
During the past several decades many quantitative
structure-activity relationships (QSAR's) have been
derived from relatively small data sets of chemicals in
a homologous series and selected empirical observa-
tions. An alternative approach is to analyze large data
sets consisting of heterogeneous groups of chemicals
and to explore QSAR's among these chemicals for
generalized patterns of chemical behavior. The use of
exploratory multivariate statistical techniques for sim-
plifying complex QSAR problems is demonstrated
througn the use of research data on biodegradation
and mode of toxic action. In these examples, a large
number of explanatory variables were examined to ex-
plore which variables might best explain whether a
chemical biodegrades or whether a toxic response by
an organism can be used to identify a mode of toxic
action. In both cases, the procedures reduced the
number of potential explanatory variables and generat-
ed hypotheses about biodegradation and mode of
toxic action for future research without explicitly testing
an existing hypothesis.
Keywords: Toxicity, Chemical compounds, Multivariate
analysis, Multiple correlation, Mathematical models,
Statistical analysis. 'Toxic substances, 'Structure ac-
tivity relationships.
PB88-233945/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pulmonary Function In Normal and Elastase-
Treated Hamsters Exposed to a Complex Mixture
of Olefln-Oxone-Sulfur Dioxide Reaction Prod-
ucts. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park NC
J A Raub, F. J. Miller, J. A. Graham, D. E. Gardner,
and J J O'Neil. C1983,11p EPA/600/J-83/328
Pub. in Environmental Research, v31 p302-310 1983.
An elastase-induced emphysema model was utilized
to determine if hamsters with preexisting lung disease
were more susceptible to lung damage from air pollut-
ant exposure. Male golden hamsters, divided into ftvo
freafment groups, were given a single intratracheal in-
totion of either 6 units of porcine pancreatic elasteae
(EMp^or buffer (CNT). After a 4-week recoveiy penod,
equal numbers of each group were exposed 23 hr/day
x 28 day to filtered air (AIR) or to the complex by-prod-
ucts from a dark phase reaction mixture of trans-2-
butene, ozone, and sulfur dioxide (MIX). Lung function
measurements on the elastase-treated groups
showed changes consistent with mild emphysema.
There were no significant differences in lung volumes
or lung compliance between the AIR- and MlX-ex-
posed animals. However, the nitrogen washout slope
decreased and the diffusing capacity for carbon mon-
oxide increased in both the CNT and EMP hamsters
exposed to the MIX. The change in diffusing capacity
was greater in normal hamsters than in hamsters with
emphysema, and it is hypothesized that animals with
impaired lung function had a decreased ability to re-
spond to a pulmonary insult from the mix.
Keywords: 'Respiratory diseases, 'Air pollution, Ham-
sters, Toxicology, Ozone, Sulfur dioxide. Emphysema,
Reprints, Animal physiology, Air pollution
effects(Animals).
PB88-233952/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Factors to Be Considered in a Dosimetry Model
for Risk Assessment of Inhaled Particles. Journal
article,
Salzburg Univ. (Austria).
T. Martonen, and W. Hofmann. C1986,10p EPA/600/
J-86/469
Contract EPA-68-02-2566
Pub. in Radiation Protection Dosimetry, v15 n4 p225-
232 1986. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Clinical findings suggest that bronchogenic tumors
have a predilection for certain airway locations in man.
Aerosol deposition studies with laryngeal-tracheobron-
chial casts and models indicate that such sites in situ
correspond to 'hot spots' of deposition, and that cells
located at carinal ridges may be particularly suscepti-
ble to development of bronchial carcinomas. For ciga-
rette smokers, the etiology of lung cancer may be af-
fected by synergistic interactions following exposures
to naturally occurring indoor radon progeny. The prob-
lem is exacerbated Tor workers in the uranium mining
and milling industry due to additional exposures to ra-
dioactive dust particles. The paper suggests that het-
erogeneous local deposition patterns in bronchial air-
ways, concomitant with increased radiation exposure
to targeted cells, may be the relevant factor in lung
cancer induction, and implies that enhanced activity
sites should be accounted for in risk assessment car-
cinogenesis models.
Keywords: Air pollution. Particulates, Risk, Carcino-
gens, Models, Radon, Dosimetry, Reprints, 'Broncho-
genic carcinoma, Carcinogenesis.
PB88-234034/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Investigating the Fate of Dyes in the Environment.
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
G. L. Baughman, and T. A. Perenich. cFeb 88,8p EPA/
600/M-88/013
Pub. in American Dyestuff Reporter, v7 n2 p19-20,22,
47-48 Feb 88. See also PB88-164619. Prepared in co-
operation with Georgia Univ., Athens.
The rationale and approach that underlie the use of
mathematical models to forecast the environmental
behavior of organic chemicals are examined. The gen-
eral concept are then used to show how knowledge of
environmental and dye chemistry can be used to sug-
gest pathways that are likely or unlikely to be determi-
nants of dye fate in aquatic systems. Reactions involv-
ing precipitation of Ca and Mg salts and ion exchange
with sediments may be important for anionic and cati-
onic dyes, respectively. The uncharged dyes are con-
sidered in regard to possible volatilization, sorption,
and bioconcentration. Suitable kinetic and equilibrium
constants are not currently available for quantitative
prediction using mathematical models.
Keywords: 'Dyes, 'Water pollution, 'Mathematical
models, Determinants, Organic compounds, Risk, As-
sessment, Precipitation(Cnemistry), Anion exchang-
ing, Cation exchanging, Reprints, Environmental pollu-
tion, Chemical effluents, Risk assessment.
PB88-234042/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Measurement of Hydrolysis Rate Constants for
Evaluation of Hazardous Waste Land Disposal.
Volume 3. Data on 70 Chemicala,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
J. J. Ellington, F. E. Stancil, W. D. Payne, and C. D.
Trusty. Jul 88,29p* EPA/600/3-88/028
See also PB87-227344. Prepared in cooperation with
Technology Applications, Inc., Athens, GA.
To provide input data for a mathematical model to esti-
mate potential groundwater contamination from
chemicals in land disposal sites, hydrolysis rate con-
stants were measured for 70 regulated chemicals
under carefully controlled conditions. Hydrolysis rates
were measured under sterile conditions at precisely
controlled temperatures and at three hydrogen-ion
concentrations (pH 3, 7, and 11). Conditions were ad-
justed to provide sufficiently precise rate constants to
meet modeling requirements, as determined through
model sensitivity tests. In addition to precise control of
temperature and pH, precautions were taken to mini-
mize impact of adventitious processes. Chemical con-
centrations as a function of incubation time in the con-
stant temperature bath were measured by gas chro-
matography, liquid chromatography, or ion exchange
chromatography. Identities and purities of the chemi-
cals were determined by mass spectrometry, supple-
mented, in some cases, by infrared spectrometry. Four
chemicals (DL-trans-4-chlorostllbene oxide, benzyl
chloride, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid methyl ester,
and lindane) were used as standard reference com-
pounds (SRCs) to ensure reproducibility of analytical
operations and control of parameters that affect hy-
drolysis rates of chemicals in an aqueous environ-
ment.
Keywords: 'Hydrolysis, 'Waste disposal, 'Organic
compounds, Mathematical models, water pollution.
Ground water, Tables(Data), Chromatographic analy-
sis, 'Hazardous wastes.
PB88-234059/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Theoretical Damage Function for the Effect* of
Acid Deposition on Galvanized Steel Structure*,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. W. Spence, and F. H. Haynie. Jul 88, 56p EPA/600/
3-88/027
A theoretical damage function for predicting the corro-
sion of galvanized steel structures by wet and dry dep-
osition has been developed from thermodynamics and
kinetics of atmospheric corrosion chemistry. The func-
tion mathematically expresses the competing reac-
tions for the build up and dissolution of the basic zinc
carbonate corrosion film with exposure time. Major sci-
entific findings are as follows: During periods of sur-
face wetness S02 reaching the surface reacts stoi-
chlometrically with the zinc. Rain acidity reacts atoi-
chiometrically with the zinc. The corrosion film of basic
zinc carbonate is soluble in clean rain. The dissolution
depends on the residence time of rain on the galva-
nized steel surface. Deposition velocity controls the
rate of corrosion of galvanized steel structures by gaa-
eous S02 during periods of wetness.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric corrosion, 'Galvanized ma-
terials, Mathematical models, Research projects, Ki-
netics, Thermodynamics, Zinc coatings, Add resist-
ance tests, Oxidation.
PB88-234067/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Development and Evaluation of Composite Re-
ceptor Methods,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trianda
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research tab.
T. G. Dzubay. Jul 88,63p* EPA/600/3-68/028
A composite receptor method for PM-10 apportion-
ment was evaluated to determine the stability of to
lutions and to devise cost-effective measurement
strategies. Aerosol samples used in the evaluation
were collected during summer, 1962, by dichotomouii
samplers at three sites in the vicinity of PhUadaW?
PA. The composite receptor method consisted of ¦
wind-trajectory method, chemical mass balance
(CMS), and multiple linear regression (MLR). M*aa-
ured lead minus a CMB-derived correction for other
sources was used as an independent variable in MLR
and MLR results for the Pb abundance in vehjcu
haust agreed with predictions of a model for v»hioL>
emission factors. In resolving PM-10 into 11
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
nents, scanning electron microscopy was essential for
coal-fly ash and botanical matter, x-ray fluorescence
(XRF) was needed for the sulfur-component and vehi-
cle exhaust, and instrumental neutron activation analy-
sis (INAA) was essential for fluidized catalytic crackers
at refineries.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Sampling, Analyzing, Com-
position, Emission, Tables(Data), Methodology, Aero-
sols, 'Particulate sampling, 'Air pollution detection,
Chemical mass balance receptor models, EPA Method
10.
PB88-234168/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Volatile Organic Compound Model-Quality Assur-
ance and Sensitivity Testing (Version 1.8), Final
rept. Feb 86-Sep 87,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. S. Jennings, and T. E. Emmel. Jul 88,225p EPA/
600/8-88/088
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
For system on diskette, see PB88-157888. Prepared in
cooperation with Digital Kinetics, Inc., La Honda, CA.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Apency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report describes test runs of the Volatile Organic
Compound Model (VOCM), Version 1.8. VOCM pre-
dicts future emission levels of volatile organic com-
pounds (VOCs) by projecting uncontrolled base year
emissions into the future. These projected emissions
are then reduced by constraints to predict future con-
trolled emissions of VOCs. VOCM is a program that
runs on the IBM-PC series of computers. The VOCM
test runs in the report were performed: (1) to verify that
the calculations and operation of VOCM are in accord-
ance with the specifications and design of the model,
and (2) to exercise the model with actual data devel-
oped under the National Acid Precipitation Assess-
ment Program. Test run results show that the model
operates as designed. Test runs with NAPAP data pre-
dict an overall annual growth rate of VOC emissions
for the U.S. of about 1.6 percent per year for the pro-
tection horizon of 1880 to 2010. An overall growth in
VOC emission control costs of about 4.1 percent is
also predicted.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Organic com-
pounds, Quality assurance, Forecasting, Mathematical
models, Performance tests, Sensitivity, 'Volatile or-
ganic compound model, 'Air pollution forecasts, Emis-
sion factors, Personal computers, Stationary sources.
PB88-234174/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Effect of Relative Humidify and Additives on the
Reaction of Sulfur Dioxide with Calcium Hydrox-
Ide. Final rept. Jan 84-Jun 86,
Texas Univ. at Austin. Dept. of Chemical Engineering.
R. Ruiz-Alsop, and G. T. Rochelle. Jul 88,219p EPA/
600/2-88/037
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper gives results of a study of the reaction of
S02 with Ca(OH)2 at conditions similar to those of
commercial-scale bag filters: 19-74 percent relative
humidity (RH), 30.4-95 C, and 300-4000 ppm S02. The
study was carried out in a bench-scale reactor with
powder reagent Ca(OH)2 dispersed in silica sand. The
aas phase was a mixture of N2, S02, and water vapor.
The effects of Ca(OH)2 leading, temperature, RH, inlet
S02 concentration, and additives were investigated.
Of the additives tried (buffer acids, and organic and in-
organic deliquescents), only the deliquescent salts im-
proved Ca(0H)2 reactivity toward S02. The improve-
ment depends on the type and amount of salt and on
the RH. The experimental data were modelled by a
shrinking core model with zero order kinetics in S02,
using an empirical correlation to account for shape and
surface roughness of the Ca(OH)2 particles. The diffu-
sion coefficient of the S02 through the product layer
(Da) increases linearly with RH and the amount of ad-
ditive, and the kinetic rate constant (ks) increases ex-
ponentially with RH and the amount of additive.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, Sulfur di-
oxide. Calcium hydroxide, Desulfunzation, Mathemati-
cal models, Additives, Temperature, Reaction kinetics,
Humidity, 'Gas scrubbers, Air pollution control.
PB88-234182/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
d-SSYS: A Computer Model for the Evaluation of
Competing Alternatives,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
A. J. Klee. Jul 88, 89p* EPA/600/2-88/038
The study was instigated to develop a computer model
that (a) quantitatively evaluates competing research
and development projects, and (b) assists in prioritiz-
ing such projects when resources are not sufficient to
conduct all of them. An evaluation model was devel-
oped, based upon existing multiattribute utility theory
but with some modification and innovation. The model,
with user input, helps determine the relative weights of
the factors or criteria used to evaluate the projects
under consideration, and, again with user input, deter-
mines the utility function for each of the attributes. A
computer program was written to implement the
model. A unique feature of the model is that it incorpo-
rates uncertainties of three types: (1) those dealing
with the factor weights; (2) those dealing with the
worth of each project with respect to each factor; and
(3) those dealing with the utilities of the attributes. Al-
though the study was designed with the objective of
dealing with competing research and development
projects, the model is sufficiently general so that it may
be applied to any problem of competing alternatives.
Thus, it has wide application in the health, engineering,
environmental, and decision sciences.
Keywords: 'Decision making, 'Computerized simula-
tion, Manuals, Research management, Information
systems, Computer programs, Judgment, Comparison,
Ranking, 'Computer aided analysis, Alternatives, Re-
search and development.
PB88-234190/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Cost of Controlling Directly Emitted Acidic Emis-
sions from Major Industrial Sources. Final rept.
Feb 85-Aug 86,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
T. E. Emmel, J. T. Waddell, and R. C. Adams. Jul 88,
169p DCN-86-203-023-13-18, EPA/600/7-88/012
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
Prepared in cooperation with National Acid Precipita-
tion Assessment Program. Washington, DC. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Re-
search Lab.
The report gives results of estimates, using a model
plant approach, of costs for retrofitting selected acidic
emission control systems to utility and industrial boil-
ers, Claus sulfur recovery plants, catalytic cracking
units, primary copper smelters, coke oven plants, pri-
mary aluminum smelters, and municipal solid waste in-
cinerators. Cost-effectiveness (defined as the unit
annual cost for removing acidic materials) of each con-
trol system was calculated based on the anticipated
performance of the system. If S02 is simultaneously
emitted with the acidic materials, controls were select-
ed which removed both S02 and the acidic materials.
Cost-effectiveness was considerably better for the
combined (S02 plus acidic material) removal systems.
Because of a need for performance data on acidic
emissions control systems, it would be desirable if re-
search could be conducted on removing acid sulfates
and nitrates by existing gaseous and particulate con-
trol systems.
Keywords: 'Air pollution oontrol equipment, 'Boilers,
'Cost analysis, Industrial wastes, Performance eval-
uation, Mathematical models, Sulfur dioxide, Catalytic
cracking, Particles, Sulfates, Aluminum industry,
Smelters, Incinerators, Coking, Inorganic nitrates,
'Acid gases, Claus process, Stationary sources,
Copper Industry, Solid waste disposal.
PB88-234778/H8U	PC A06/MF A01
Aaaesament of N on point Source Impacts on Illi-
nois Water Resources. Summary rept.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
Aug 88,123p IEPA/WPC/88-020
Section 319 of the 1987 Clean Water Act was created
to focus on the importance of controlling nonpoint
sources of pollution. As required by Section 319, the
report was developed to describe the nature, extent
and effects of nonpoint source pollution on Illinois' sur-
face waters, the cause of such pollution, and programs
and methods used for controlling pollution. The As-
sessment additionally identifies in-place pollutant
problem areas, statewide groundwater initiatives and
studies, and ongoing efforts to inventory state wet-
lands resources.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Illinois, 'Water pollution,
'Surface waters, Water resources, Ground water, Wet-
lands, Tables(Data), Assessments, 'Clean Water Act
'Water pollution control, Water quality management,
Nonpoint sources.
PB88-234851/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Functional Evidence of Persistent Airway Ob-
struction In Rats Following a Two-Hour inhalation
Exposure to Methyl Isocyanate. Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc./Environmental Sciences, Re-
search triangle Park, NC.
M. A. Stevens, S. Fitzgerald, M. G. Menache, D. L.
Costa, and J. R. Bucher. 1987,8p EPA/600/J-87/369
Contract EPA-68-02-4032
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v72 p89-
94 1987. Prepared in cooperation with National Toxi-
cology Program, Research Triangle Park, NC. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Pulmonary function was assessed in male F-344 rats
1,2,4, 7 and 13 weeks after a single, 2 hour exposure
to 0,3,10 or 30 ppm MIC. No significant changes were
observed in the 3 ppm rats through 13 weeks. Diffus-
ing capacity (DLco), quasi static lung compliance (Crs)
and the homogeneity of ventilation as determined by
multibreath nitrogen washout were depressed in the
10 and 30 ppm rats by one week postexposure. No 30
ppm rats survived beyond 1 week. By 13 weeks, the 10
ppm rats had dramatic increases in lung volumes while
DLco and lung compliance were only mildly affected.
Expiratory times during tidal breathing were increased,
and the distribution of ventilated air was severely im-
paired in the group. Collectively, these results suggest
the development and likely progression of a severe ob-
structive airway lesion with associated gas trapping,
and the existence of a pronounced concentration-re-
sponse relationship between 3 and 10 ppm MIC.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Respiration, Lung, Exposure,
Isocyanates, Laboratory animals, Lethal dosage, Toxi-
cology, Reprints, "Methyl isocyanate, "Toxic sub-
stances, 'Isocyanic acid/methyl ester. Respiratory
function tests.
PB88-234893/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Guidelines for Stack TeeUng at Municipal Waste
Combustion Facilities. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
C. L. Haile, and J. C. Harris. Jun 88,87p EPA/600/8-
88/085
Contracts EPA-68-02-4395, EPA-68-02-3999
Prepared in cooperation with Little (Arthur D.), Inc.,
Cambridge, MA. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report gives guidance for stack testing at munici-
pal waste combustion (MWC) facilities. State and local
environmental agencies have been required to devel-
op regulations for MWCs in response to a significant
expansion in the number of MWC facilities currently in
operation or in some phase of planning and construc-
tion. As part of this regulatory process, permitting
agencies need guidance on identifying critical emis-
sion parameters and on methods that can be used to
measure those parameters, especially toxic sub-
stances. Specific testing recommendations, emis-
sions, measurement methods, and recommended re-
porting formats are presented. These recommenda-
tions are not intended to prescribe regulatory require-
ments, but to recommend emissions test programs re-
sponsive to typical requirements. The measurement
methods presented are based primarily on reference
methods already in widespread use.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Guidance, Standards,
Combustion, Flue gases, "Stationary sources, "Munic-
ipal wastes, "Smoke stacks, "Toxic substances.
PB68-235502/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Determination of pH by Flow Injection Analysis
and by Fiber Optrode Analysis,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
S. H. Pia, D. P. Waltman, and D. C. Hillman. Jul 88,
55p* EPA/600/4-88/026
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Two new procedures for measuring pH have been de-
veloped. The first measures pH colorimetrically using a
proprietary indicator dye mixture in a flow injection
analysis (FiA) procedure. The second measures pH
using a fiber optic chemical sensor (FOCS) specifically
developed for pH determinations. The FOCS method
measures pH by monitoring the fluorescence of a fluo-
rescein derivative bonded to the distal end of a fiber
optic cable called an optrade. The FIA method current-
ly has a precision and accuracy of about + or • 0.2 pH
units and can measure 100 samples/hour. The FOCS
method has a precision of + or - 0.05-0.20 pH units
and an accuracy of + or - 0.1 to 0.6 pH units. About 10
to 60 samples can be analyzed. The characteristics of
the FOCS Method will vary significantly with individual
optrodes. The experimental results indicate that either
flow injection analysis or fiber optic chemical sensor
analysis could form the basis for an alternative to elec-
trometric measurement of pH in certain circum-
stances.
Keywords: "pH, "Colorimetrlc analysis, Chemical anal-
ysis, Ground water, Surface waters, Fluorescein, Pre-
cision, Accuracy, Fluorescence, Determination, Moni-
toring, Acid deposition, "Water pollution detection,
Fluorimeters, Flow injection analysis, Fiber optrode
analysis.
PB88-235510/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Protocols for Short Term Toxicity Screening of
Hazardous Waste Sites,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. C. Greene, C. L. Bartels, W. J. Warren-Hicks, B. R.
Parkhurst, and G. L. Under. Jul 88,118p* EPA/600/3-
88/029
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Corvallis, OR., Kilkelly Environmental Associates, Inc.,
Rateigh, NC., and Western Aquatics, Inc., Laramie,
The manual contains short-term methods for measur-
ing the toxicity of chemical contaminants in soil, sedi-
ment, surface water, and groundwater samples. The
algal assay is a chronic test, while all other tests de-
scribed in the manual are acute tests. The methods
are one of several tools, including chemical analysis
and field study, used to determine toxicity of hazard-
ous waste sites. The toxicity tests provided in the
manual can be used to detect toxic materials, rank
sites based on relative short-term toxicity, and provide
a cost-effective approach to monitoring the effective-
ness of site cleanup. The toxicity tests in the manual
are not required by regulation. However, because tox-
icity tests measure the integrated effects of complex
chemical waste mixtures, they provide a reasonable
basis for assessing the toxicity of waste products inde-
pendent of existing concentration criteria.
Keywords: "Environmental tests, "Toxicity, "Soil anal-
ysis, "Chemical effluents, "Water pollution detection,
Hazardous materials, Manuals, Methodology, Waste
disposal, Ground water, Contaminants, 'Hazardous
waste sites, "Toxic hazards.
PB88-235528/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Mineral Acid Deposition on Concentra-
tions of Dissolved Organic Adda In Surface
WitBfS
Environmental and Social Systems Analysts Ltd., Van-
couver (British Columbia).
D. R. Marmorek, D. P. Bernard, M.L. Jones, and L. P.
Rattie Jul 88,120p EPA/600/3-88/022
Contracts EPA-68-03-3246, EPA-68-03-3439
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Sa^ce^ lnCi /
Environmental Sciences, Corvallis, OR., and Kilkelly
Environmental Associates, Inc., Raleigh, NC. Spon-
sored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Data have accumulated in recent years from a variety
of sources suggesting that concentrations of organic
acids may have decreased in surface waters in re-
sponse to increased mineral acidity. These include lab-
oratory studies, paleoecological investigations, theo-
retical considerations, and limited field observations of
temporal and spatial trends in lakewater chemistry.
Failure to consider the suspected changes in organics
could result in overestimation of both past and future
changes in acid neutralizing capacity and pH in re-
sponse to changes in acidic deposition. The paper pre-
sents a review of current research on possible
changes in surface water organic acid concentrations
with changes in mineral acidity. The review examines
data whereby organic acids might change in response
to acidification. It also discusses potential chemical,
physical, and biological effects of reduced DOC, and
summarizes important research needs.
Keywords: "Aquatic biology, Inorganic acids, Lakes,
Organic acids, Toxicity, Deposition,
Concentration(Composition), "Water pollution, "Acid
rain, Surface waters.
PB88-235536/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Survey of Industrial Hazard Anticipation Technol-
ogy. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
S. Coffey, W. Yeager, and S. Kulkarni. Jul 88,57p RTI-
54, EPA/600/2-88/041
Contract EPA-68-02-3992
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report reviews currently available technologies for
monitoring the operations of chemical manufacturing
and handling facilities to detect airborne emissions of
hazardous chemicals before they reach levels that
pose an acute hazard to public health. The survey is a
first step toward providing industrial planners and plant
managers with an overview of available monitoring
techniques which would aid them in designing appro-
priate warning and safety systems.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Warning systems,
Safety engineering, Chemical industry, Colorimetric
analysis, Spectroscopy, Infrared spectrometers, Inter-
ferometers, Lasers, Gas chromatography, Mass spec-
troscopy, Halides, Detectors, "Chemical effluents, "Air
pollution monitoring, Industrial safety, Technology in-
novation.
PB88-235544/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Loading Point Puncturabillty Analysis of Geo-
synthetic Linear Materials.
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
D. L. Laine, M. P. Miklas, and C. H. Parr. Mar 88,117p
EPA/600/2-88/040
Contract EPA-68-03-3231
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The study examined geomembrane liner performance
in laboratory tests designed to subject several different
liner materials to varying pressures, temperatures, and
point loads. Point loads were induced by placing the
geomembrane material over truncated rigid epoxy
cones arranged in three-cone clusters in a sand sub-
grade and applying a hydrostatic load to the top side of
the liner. Cone heights of 9.5, 19.0, and 25.4 mm
above the subgrade were used in the study. Prelimi-
nary tests resulted in the selection of a cast epoxy
resin cone having a 35-degree apex angle and truncat-
ed 2.8 mm from the apex at 45 degrees to the cone
axis. Transient pressure loading tests of the mem-
brane material without geotextile support showed fail-
ures when the pressure rate of change exceeded
55.20 kPa per hour. The maximum pressure load on
the membrane proved to be the failure stress factor
rather than the rate at which pressure was applied.
Keywords: "Hydrostatic tests, "Linings, "Puncture re-
sistance, Pressure distribution, Thermal stresses. Ex-
perimental data, Research projects, Graphs(Charts),
Polyvinyl chloride, Polyethylene, Chlorination, Sulfona-
tion, Loads(Forces), Tables(Data), "Geomembranes.
PB88-235651/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Radium Removal for a Small Community Water
Supply System. Research rept. 1 Oct 85-30 Sep 87,
Rocky Mountain Consultants, Inc., Englewood, CO.
K. A. Mangelson. Jul 88, 70p EPA/600/2-88/Ci39
Prepared in cooperation with Redhill Forest Property
Owners Association, Fairplay, CO. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water
Engineering Research Lab.
In 1984, a radium removal treatment plant was con-
structed for the small community of Redhill Forest lo-
cated in the central mountains of Colorado. The treat-
ment plant consists of a process for removing Iron and
manganese ahead of an ion exchange process for the
removal of radium. The raw water comes from deep
wells and has naturally occurring radium and iron con-
centrations of about 30-40 pCi/L and 7-10 mo/L, re-
spectively. Before the raw water enters the main treat-
ment plant, the raw water is aerated to remove radon
gas and carbon dioxide. The unique features of the
Redhill Forest Treatment Plant are related to the ways
in which the radium removed from the raw water is fur-
ther treated and eventually disposed of as treatment
plant waste. A separate system removes only radium
from the backwash/regeneration water of the Ion ex-
change process and the radium is permanently com-
plexed on a Radium Selective Complexer (RSC) resin
made by Dow Chemical. The RSC resin containing
radium is replaced with virgin resin as needed and the
resin waste transported to a permanent final disposal
site in Beatty, NV. The report presents a detailed de-
scription of the Redhill Forest treatment system and
the results of in-depth monitoring of the processes and
other factors relating to the overall operation of the
radium removal system. Included are descriptions of
modifications made in the plant operation to Improve
the overall system operation and of the procedures tor
final disposal of the RSC resin containing radium.
Keywords: "Water treatment, "Radium, 'Drinking
water, "Ground water, Colorado, Brines, Ion exchang-
ing, Iron, Concentration(Composition), Manganese,
Aeration, Tables(Data), "Water pollution control equip-
ment, "Radium selective complexer, Liquid wastes.
PB88-236047/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Summary Review of Health Effects Associated
with Monochloroethane: Health Issue Assess-
msnt.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
D. OpreskO. Jun 88,43p EPA/600/8-88/080
Prepared in cooperation with Oak Ridge National Lab..
TN.
Monochloroethane (ethyl chloride) is released into the
environment from anthropogenic sources and has
been identified in air samples from locations around
the U.S. The major route of exposure is inhalation. HIs-
topathological changes in the lungs, liver and kidnaya
have been observed in animals at concentrations
> 20,000 ppm. Severe toxic effects were seen at con-
centrations >40,000 ppm. Humans exposed to high
concentrations exhibited CNS, cardiac, and respiratory
effects. There is no conclusive information about
chronic toxicity of monochloroethane to humans, and
it is in EPA's Group D as to carcinogencity. Monochlor-
oethane was found to be non-teratogenic in one
animal study.
Keywords: 'Chloroethanes, 'Toxicity, Hazardous ma-
terials, Exposure, Concentratk>n(Compoaltk>n), CNor-
ohydrocarbons, Toxicology, AbsorptlonfBlology), Me-
tabolism, Excretion, "Health effects, "Ethyl cntorida,
"Toxic substances, Biological accumulation, CAS-75.
00-3, Ethane/monochloro, Pharmacokinetics, Envi-
ronmental fate, Human tolerances, Environmental
transport, Risk assessment.
PB88-236229/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Cadmium Emissions from Primary Lead and Pri-
mary Copper Smelting: Phaae 1. Technical Report.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards'
Jun 88,38p EPA/450/3-88/006
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
A technical report on cadmium emissions from primary
lead and primary copper smelting. Descriptions of
these industries and associated air pollution control
equipment are presented. Cadmium emission esti-
mates for all U.S. plants in these two source catego-
ries and health risks from exposure to these emissions
from each plant are discussed.
Keywords: 'Cadmium, Industrial atmospheres, Smelt-
ing, Metallurgical furnaces, Lead, Copper, Toxicity,
Public health, Industrial plants, *Air pollution control
equipment.
PB88-236237/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Compilation of Air Toxic* Emission Inventory
Questionnaires.
Engineering-Science, Inc., Cary, NC.
Jun 88,207p* EPA/450/4-88/008
Contract EPA-88-02-4398
See also PB86-238086. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
Of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
To assist States and local agencies. The Environmen-
tal Protection Agency (EPA) has developed programs
to address the status of the air toxics problem in their
localities. The document provides example question-
naires used by several State and local agencies for
collecting emissions inventory data for air toxics. The
report also contains discussion of considerations for
developing such questionnaires and the elements that
are likely to be included.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'Emissions, Inventories, Questionnaires, State
government, Local government, 'Toxic substances.
PBM-236641/HSU	PC A25/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Storm Water Management Model, Version 4. Part
A: User's Manual,
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Environmental Engi-
neering Sciences.
W. C. Huber, and R. E. Dickinson. Jun 88,597p EPA/
000/3-88/001A
See also PB84-190423 and PB88-236658. Sponsored
by Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
The EPA Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) is
a comprehensive mathematical model for simulation of
urban runoff water quality and quantity in storm and
combined sewer systems. All aspects of the urban hy-
drologic and quality cycles are simulated, including
surface and subsurface runoff, transport through the
drainage network, storage and treatment. Part A of the
two-volume report is an update of the user's manuals
issued in 1971, 197S, and 1981. Part B is a user's
manual for EXTRAN, a flow routing model that can be
used both as a block of the SWMM package and as an
independent model. The SWMM user's manual pro-
vides detailed descriptions for program blocks for
Runoff, Transport, Storage/Treatment, Combine, Sta-
tistics, Rain, temp and Graph (part of the Executive
Block). EXTRAN represents a drainage system as
links and nodes, allowing simulation of parallel or
looped pipe networks; weirs, orifices, and pumps; and
system surcharges.
Keywords: 'Storm sewers, 'Combined sewers,
'Runoff, 'Water pollution, 'Urban areas, Mathemati-
cal models, Drainage, Stream flow, Sewage treatment,
Cost analysis, Manuals, Snowmelt, Droughts, Evapo-
ration. 'Storm water runoff, 'SWMM model, Urban hy-
drology.
PB88-236688/H8U	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Storm Water Management Model, Version 4. Part
B: EXTRAN Addendum,
Camp, Dresser and McKee, Inc., Annandaie, VA.
L. A.Roesner, J. A. Aldrlch, and R. E. Dickinson. Jun
88 171 p EPA/600/3-88/001 B
See also PB88-236641. Prepared in cooperation with
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Environmental Engi-
neering Sciences. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab., Athens, GA.
The EPA Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) is
a comprehensive mathematical model for simulation of
urban runoff water quality and quantity in storm and
combined sewer systems. All aspects of the urban hy-
drologic and quality cycles are simulated, including
surface and subsurface runoff, transport through the
drainage network, storage and treatment. Part A of the
two-volume report is an update of the user's manuals
issued in 1971, 1975, and 1981. Part B is a user's
manual for EXTRAN, a flow routing model that can be
used both as a block of the SWMM package and as an
independent model. The SWMM user's manual pro-
vides detailed descriptions for program blocks for
Runoff, Transport, Storage/Treatment, Combine, Sta-
tistics, Rain, temp and Graph (part of the Executive
Block). EXTRAN represents a drainage system as
links and nodes, allowing simulation of parallel of
looped pipe networks; Weirs, orifices, and pumps; and
system surcharges.
Keywords: 'Storm sewers, 'Combined sewers,
'Runoff, 'Water pollution, 'Urban areas, 'Computer
programs, Mathematical models. Drainage, Stream
flow, Sewage treatment, 'Storm water runoff,
•EXTRAN.
PB88-236716/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Progress Toward a General Analytical Method for
Predicting Indoor Air Pollution In Buildings:
Indoor Air Quality Modeling Phase 3 Report,
National Bureau of Standards (NEL), Gaithersburg,
MD. Building Environment Div.
J. Axley. Jul 88,125p NBSIR-88/3814
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC., Department of Energy, Washington,
DC., and Consumer Product Safety Commission,
Washington, DC.
The interim report presents the results of Phase III of
the National Bureau of Standards General Indoor Air
Pollution Concentration Model Project. It describes: (a)
a general element-assembly formulation of multi-zone
contaminant dispersal analysis theory that provides a
general framework for the development of detailed
(element) models of mass transport phenomena that
may affect contaminant dispersal in buildings; (b) an
approach to modeling the dispersal of interactive con-
taminants involving contaminant mass transport phe-
nomena; (c) an approach to modeling the details of
contaminant dispersal driven by convection-diffusion
R recesses in one-dimensional flow situations (e.g.,
VAC ductwork); and (d) the features and use of
CONTAM87, a program that provides a computational
implementation of the theory and methods discussed.
Equations governing contaminant dispersal in the
whole building air flow system due to air flow and reac-
tion or sorption mass transport phenomena are formu-
lated by assembling element equations, that charac-
terize a specific instance of mass transport in the build-
ing air flow system.
Keywords: Contaminants, Predictions, Mathematical
models, Air circulation, Dispersions,
Analysis(Mathematics), Manuals, Computer programs,
•Indoor air pollution,'Environmental transport, Con-
fined environments, Tracer studies, Path of pollutants.
PB88-236823/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
User's Quid* for the Fugitive Oust Modal (FDM).
Final rept.,
TRC Environmental Consultants, Inc., Mountlake Ter-
race WA.
K. D.'Winges. Jun 88,107p EPA/910/9-88/202
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seat-
tle, WA. Region X.
The document provides a technical description and
User's Instructions for the Fugitive Dust Model. The
FDM is a Gaussian-plume base dispersion model spe-
cifically designed for computation of fugitive dust con-
centrations and deposition rates. It's chief advantage
over other models is an advance deposition algorithm.
A validation study has been performed and is Included
as an appendix. The document also includes sample
input and output printouts and a complete listing of the
FORTRAN computer code.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Dust, 'Atmospheric diffu-
sion, Dispersions, Computerized simulation, Deposi-
tion, Algorithms, Gaussian plume models, Particle re-
suspension, User manuals(Computer programs).
PB88-236831/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 170: Malelc Hydra-
zlde.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Jun 88,12p* EPA/540/FS-88/100
See also PB88-236849.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Growth regulators, 'Plant
hormones, Hazardous materials, Chemical properties,
Regulations, Herbicides, Toxicity, Ecology, Toxic toler-
ances, Agricultural products. Exposure, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Maleic hydrazide, Pyridazinedione/dihydro,
Plant growth regulators, Chemical information fact
sheet, Environmental fate, Use patterns, CAS 123-33-
1.
PB88-236849/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Products Con-
taining Malelc Hydrazide as the active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Jun 88,111p' EPA/540/RS-88/099
See also PB88-236831.
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of date requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Growth regulators, 'Plant
regulators, Standards, Guidelines, Herbicides, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Hazardous materials, Agricultural prod-
ucts, Public health, Regulations, Ecology, Toxicology,
'Reregistration, 'Maleic hydrazide, 'Plant growth reg-
ulators, 'Toxic substances, Path of pollutants, Federal
Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, CAS 123-
33-1, CAS 28382-15-2.
PB88-236856/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Aldlcarb Special Review Technical Support Docu-
ment
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jun 88,164p* EPA/540/9-88/093
The Special Review Document addresses the risks
and benefits of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The Agency has determined that
the use of products containing the subject active ingre-
dient may meet or exceed a risk criterion described in
40 CFR Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined
further to determine the nature and extent of the risk,
and considering the benefits of the subject active in-
gredient, whether such risks cause unreasonable ad-
verse effects on the environment.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Toxicology, Ecolo-
gy, Manufacturing, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous ma-
terials, Agricultural products, Sulfur organic com-
pounds, 'Toxic substances, 'Aldlcarb, 'Risk assess-
ment, *Propanal/methyl-(methylthio), Path of pollut-
ants, Benefit analysis.
PB88-237243/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH. Toxicol-
StabUlty and Mobility of Mutagenic Activity from
Wastewater and Sludge In Agricultural Soils. Sum-
mary rept.
A|
tion.
Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Sta-
tion.
K. W. Brown, and K. C. Donnelly. Jul 88,213p EPA/
600/1-88/002
Grant EPA-R-812037
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Cincin-
nati, OH. Toxicology and Microbiology Div.
The objective of the research was to measure the fate
and mobility of organic mutagens in municipal sludge
amended soil. The results indicate that municipal
sludges may contain a persistent mutagenic residue.
In addition, leaching of mutagens may be a serious
problem in coarse textured soils, or in areas which re-
ceive high amounts of rainfall. Uptake of mutagens
into plants does not appear to be a significant problem
for the sludges, soils, plants, and application rates em-
ployed, as none of the extracts of plants grown on
sludge amended soil induced a positive response.
Keywords: 'Mutagens, "Sewage sludge, 'Soils,
'Sludge disposal, Leaching, Plant growth, Waste
water, Agriculture, 'Land disposal, 'Path of pollutants,
Environmental fate.
PB88-237482/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation Pro-
gram: Progress and Accomplishments. Report to
tne Congress.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Feb 88, 44p* EPA/540/5-88/001
The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
of 1986 (SARA) (Section 209(b)) amends Title III of the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensa-
tion, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) by adding
Section 311 which directs the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency to establish an 'Alternative or Innovative
Treatment Technology Research and Demonstration
Program.' Section 311(e) requires EPA to submit a
report to Congress annually on the progress and re-
sults of the program. The report presents the pro-
gram's accomplishments during Fiscal Year 1987
through January 30,1988.
Keywords: Performance evaluation, Research
projects, 'Superfund Innovative Technology, Evalua-
tion Program, Pollution control, Superfund Amend-
ments and Reauthorization Act of 1986.
PB88-237904/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Full Scale Radium Removal System for a Small
Community. Research rept. 1 Oct 85-30 Sep 87,
Redhill Forest Property Owners Association, Fairplay,
CO.
R. P. Lauch, and K. A. Mangelson. Aug 88,15p EPA/
600/D-88/157
Grant EPA-R-812691
Prepared in cooperation with Rocky Mountain Consult-
ants, Inc., Englewood, CO. Sponsored by Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineer-
ing Research Lab.
A radium removal treatment plant was constructed for
the small community of Redhill forest in the central
mountains of Colorado. The plant consists of iron re-
moval using oxidation, filtration, and settling; radium
and hardness removal using ion exchange; and radium
removal from the waste brine using Dow Chemical
Company's Radium Selective Complexer (RSC). The
raw water comes from deep wells and has naturally oc-
curing radium and iron concentrations of about 30-40
CC/L and 7-10 mg/L, respectively, and is aerated
efore entering the main treatment plant to remove
radon gas and carbon dioxide. A unique feature of the
plant is the process that removes radium from the
waste brine. The process removes only radium from
the spent ion exchange regeneration water by perma-
nently complexing the radium on the RSC. The RSC is
replaced when exhausted and sent to a final disposal
site that is acceptable to state regulatory agencies.
The overall plant reduces radium from about 35 pCi/L
to less than 4 pCi/L. The RSC system has consistently
removed over 99 percent of the radium from the spent
ion exchange regenerant. The average inflow radium
concentration to the RSC was about 1,180 pCi/L and
the average effluent was about 9 pCi/L.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Radium, 'Drinking
water, 'Ground water, Colorado, Brines, Ion exchang-
ing, Iron, Concentration(Composition), Manganese,
Aeration, 'Water pollution control equipment, Radium
selective complexer, Liquid wastes.
1112 Vol. 90, NO. 24
PB88-237912/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Estimating Performance and Costs of Retrofit
S02 and NOx Controls for Acid Rain Abatement.
Rept. for Nov 85-Jan 88,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. W. Jones. Aug 88,9p EPA/600/D-88/158
Contracts EPA-68-02-3994, EPA-68-02-3995
Prepared in cooperation with PEI Associates, Inc., Cin-
cinnati, OH. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lab.
The paper gives results from an ongoing National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP) to signifi-
cantly improve engineering cost estimates currently
being used to evaluate the economic effects of apply-
ing S02 and NOx controls to existing coal-fired utility
boilers. Initially, procedures were developed to: select
plants with boilers representative of the population,
conduct plant visits and collect site-specific data, de-
velop boiler/control-specific retrofit difficulty factors,
and develop boiler/plant-specific cost and perform-
ance estimates for the S02 and NOx controls selected
for evaluation. Eleven commercial and developmental
S02 and NOx control technologies were selected for
inclusion in the program. Of 30 'top 200' plants select-
ed for detailed study, 12 have been visited. Based on
results from these 12 plants, simplified procedures
have been developed and used to evaluate about 50
of the remaining top 200 plants.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Sulfur dioxide,
'Nitrogen oxides, Air pollution control, Performance
evaluation, Cost analysis, Industrial wastes, Boilers,
Electric power plants, Coal preparation, Desulfuriza-
tion, 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Acid rain, 'Coal
fired power plants.
PB88-237920/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
What are the Effects of UV-B Radiation on Marine
Organisms,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
R. C. Worrest. Aug 88,14p* EPA/600/D-88/159
As early as 1925, scientists were aware of damaging
effects on aquatic organisms from the ultraviolet com-
ponent of sunlight. It was shown at these early dates
that there exists a differential sensitivity among spe-
cies to UV radiation, and that this differential sensitivity
might relate to the depths at which the species were
normally found. Several more recent studies on the ef-
fects of UV-B radiation (290-320nm) have examined a
variety of marine organisms. Regardless of the species
investigated, each study has potential importance
through the role of the particular organism in its envi-
ronmental or food-web context. Some studies, in addi-
tion, have considered economically important zoo-
plankton species, such as larval stages of certain
shrimp, crab, and fish.
Keywords: "Sunlight, 'Ultraviolet radiation, 'Sensitivi-
ty, 'Zooplankton, 'Phytoplankton, Food chains,
Larvae, Absorption, Proteins, Nucleic acids, Photo-
chemical reactions, Ozone, Reduction, Primary biolog-
ical productivity, Fisheries, Growth, Feeding stuffs,
Damage, Larvae, Ultraviolet B radiation.
PB68-237938/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Statistical Basis for the Design and Interpretation
of the National Surface Water Survey. Phase 1.
Lakes and Streams,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. J. Blick, J. J. Messer, D. H. Landers, and W. S.
Overton. C1987,9p EPA/600/D-88/160
Pub. in Lake and Reservoir Management, v3 p470-475
1987. Prepared in cooperation with Oregon State
Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Statistics.
The primary objectives of Phase I of the National Sur-
face Water Survey were to determine the number of
acidic or potentially acidic lakes and streams, their lo-
cation, and their physical and chemical characteristics.
To meet these objectives, a statistically designed
survey was implemented. For both lakes and streams,
probability samples were drawn in order to make popu-
lation estimates within known confidence bounds. The
National Lake Survey utilized a stratified design in
which the population consisted of lakes identified on
1 -.250,000 maps in regions of interest Strata were de-
fined on the basis of region, subregion, and mapped al-
kalinity classes. A systematic random sample was
taken within each stratum. The National Stream
Survey was also stratified by region and subregion, but
a two-stage sampling scheme utilizing a point frame
was employed within strata.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Surface waters, "Envi-
ronmental surveys, Acid deposition, Lakes, Streams,
Statistical samples, Reprints, "National Surface Water
Survey.
PB88-237946/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Influence of Soil Mineral Colloids on Metabolic
Processes, Growth, Adhesion, and Ecology of Mi-
crobes and Viruses,
New York Univ., NY. Dept. of Biology.
G. Stotzkv. C1986,125p EPA/600/D-88/161
Grants EPA-R-808329, EPA-R-809067
Pub. in Interactions of Soil Minerals with Natural Or-
ganics and Microbes, SSSA Special Pub. n17 p305-
428 1986. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
Soil is an extremely complex habitat for microbes be-
cause of the heterogeneity of soil particulates, the con-
stantly changing water and gas regimes, the disconti-
nuity between microhabitats, the intermittent supply of
nutrients, etc. The complexity of soil is reflecteain the
heterogeneity of its microbial inhabitants and in their
fluctuations. Although the addition to soil of surface-
active particulates may result in changes in microbial
numbers and activities, this is not proof that surface
interactions between the added particulates and the
microbiota have occurred, as the effects of the added
particulates could be, and usually are, the result of
modifications in the physicochemical characteristics of
the habitants of the microbes. Because of the present
inability to distinguish between direct and indirect ef-
fects in soil directly, model systems are often used.
However, these model systems are too often unrealis-
tic, both in their simplicity and in their assumptions, and
their relevance to what really occurs in soil in situ must
be constantly and critically questioned. Furthermore,
more attempts must be made to test and verify the re-
sults obtained from model systems in actual soil sys-
tems. (Copyright (c) 1986 Soil Science Society of
America.)
Keywords: "Soil microbiology, Investigations, Soil
properties, Soil chemistry, Microorganisms, Viruses,
Ecology, Habitability, Colloids, Reprints.
PB88-237953/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Survival of, and Genetic Transfer by, Genetically
Engineered Bacteria in Natural Environments.
Journal article,
New York Univ., NY. Dept. of Biology.
G. Stotzky, and H. Babich. c1986,48p EPA/600/D-
88/162
Grants EPA-R-809067, EPA-R-812484
Pub. in Advances in Applied Microbiology, v31 p93-
138 1986. Prepared in cooperation with Rockefeller
Univ., New York. Lab. Animal Research Center. Spon-
sored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
The article reviews the few studies that have evaluated
the survival of bacterial hosts and cloning vectors
(e.g., phages) and the transfer of genetic information
by the processes of conjugation, transduction, and
transformation, in aquatic and terrestrial environments
and on plants. Mention is also made of selected in vivo
studies (i.e., in human beings and other animals), ta
the environmental factors that affect survival andge-
netic transfer in vivo have similarity to those that affect
survival and genetic transfer in situ (i.e., in natural envi-
ronments). (Copyright (c) 1966 by Academic Press.
Keywords: "Ecology, "Bacteria, "Bacteoophaoeo
Aquatic microbiology, Soil microbiology, Survival, plant
diseases, Humans, Resistance, Reprints, "Genetic en-
gineering, "Environmental fate, Environmental fastora!
Genetic transduction, Genetic conjugation, Bacterial
transformation, Genetic vectors.
PB88-238084/HSU	PC A03/MF AA1
Rutgers - The State Univ., New Brunswick, NJ
Soiling Degradation by Atmospheric i*isroeui>
an rban industrial Area. Symposium paper,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triareri*
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
P. J. Creighton, P. J. Lioy, F. H. Haynie, T. J. Lemons,
and J. L Miller. Aug 86,24p EPA/600/D-88/166
Sponsored by Rutgers - The State Univ., New Bruns-
wick, NJ. Prepared in cooperation with Robert Wood
Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ. Dept. of En-
vironmental and Community Medicine.
Particulate matter deposited from atmospheric aero-
sols during a thirteen week study in Elizabeth, N.J. was
examined in an attempt to identify the portion of the
aerosol primarily responsible for soiling degradation.
White painted panels were exposed to the atmosphere
in sheltered and in unsheltered locations, and oriented
horizontally and vertically in each. The reflectivities of
all panels to visible light were measured weekly as a
measure of soiling. In addition, TSP, fine aerosol frac-
tion and coarse aerosol fraction were measured each
week. The number and size distribution of the particles
deposited on the panels were determined by the ex-
amination of scanning electron micrographs. The re-
sults show that the fine particles deposit in greatest
number, but the coarse particles have the largest
effect on area coverage. Large particles are present in
lesser amount on the unsheltered horizontal panels,
but fine particles In essentially the same amount on
both horizontal panels. It appears that rain removes
the coarse particles.
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Degradation, 'Aerosols,
Urban areas, Industrial wastes, Particle size distribu-
tion, Industrial atmospheres, 'Air pollution
effects(Materials).
PBM-238092/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Liver Tissue Preparation Using a Modified Cryoul-
tramicrotomy Kit Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH. Toxicol-
oay and Microbiology Div.
P. J. Clark, J. R. Millette, A. L. Allenspach, P. T.
McCauley, and I. S. Washington. 01986,12p EPA/
eOO/D-88/172
Pub. in Electron Microscopy in Forensics Occupational
and Environmental Health Sciences, p227-235 1986.
Prepared in cooperation with Miami Univ., Oxford, OH.
Dept. of Zoology.
The great potential of cryoultramicrotomy is that it is
possnle to observe the morphology of a sample in the
electron microscope and at the same time analyze for
its elemental composition using x-ray microanalysis.
There are other methods using indirect means of
studying the chemical composition of ceil organelles,
such as digestion and centrifugation, but this is the
oftly direct method. This unique ability will make cryoul-
tramicrotomy a vital tool in the field of cell biology and
pathology in the near future. The authors' own avenue
of interest is the quantitative analyses of diffusible ele-
ments in the mitochondria of rat liver before and after
the exposure of toxins both singularly and In mixtures.
To obtain reliable and reproducible data it is critical
that each step in the technique be carried out correct-
ly, Any deviation In any of the steps will leave the final
results in doubt.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Toxicity, Mitochon-
dria, Liver, Electron microscopy, X ray analysis, Mi-
croanalysis. 'Histology, Reprints, 'Liver mitochondria,
'Microtomy, Frozen sections, Histocytochemistiy,
'Cryogenic equipment.
PBM-238100/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Developments In LIMB (Limestone Injection Mul-
tistage Burner) Technology,
environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Part, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Drehmel. Aug 88,17p EPA/600/D-88/164
The paper describes the most recent results from the
limestone Injection Multistage Burner (LIMB) pro-
gram reeults from the wall-fired demonstration. Tests
Sere conducted to determine the efficacy of commer-
cial calcium hydroxide~Ca(OH)2-supplied by Marble-
head Lime Co. and of calcium-lignosulfonate-modified
Ca-5-Hydroxy-2(5H)-Furanone: A
Potent Mutagen In Kraft Pulp Chlorlnatlon Effluent
and Chlorinated Drinking Water,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
H. P. Ringhand, J. R. Meier, W. E. Coleman, K. M.
Schenck, and W. H. Kaylor. Aug 88,26p EPA/600/D-
88/151
The potent bacterial mutagen, 3-chloro-4-(dichloro-
methyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) has been
identified in the spent bleaching liquors of softwood
kraft pulp mills and in drinking waters. In view of the
potential hazard to human health and the possible ec-
ological impact from pulp mill discharges, further in-
vestigation of the toxicological properties of MX was
initiated. Recent studies have shown that MX is a clas-
togen for cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells and
that it is acutely toxic to mice following oral administra-
tion or topical exposure with an LD50 of approximately
130 mg/kg for both routes. In order to assess human
Xsure, the development of a reproducible analyti-
lethod for the detection and quantification of MX
in water samples was developed.
Keywords: 'Pulp mills, 'Mutagens, 'Chlorination, 'Po-
table water, Toxicology, Oxygen heterocyclic com-
pounds, Chlorine organic compounds, Laboratory ani-
mals, Chemical analysis, Water analysis, 'Water pollu-
tion, Waste water, 'Toxic substances, 'Furanones,
Furanone/chloro-dichloromethyl-hydroxy.
PBS8-238134/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Monochromoaomal Hybrid Call Aaaay for Evaluat-
ing the Oenotoxiclty of Environmental Chemicals,
New Jersey Medical School, Newark.
S. S. Sandhu, R. D. Gudi, and R. S. Athwal. Aug 88,
25p EPA/600/D-88/152
Grant EPA-R-812207
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The development and utilization of a monochromoso-
mal hybrid cell assay for detecting Aneuploidy and
chromosomal aberrations are described. The monoch-
romosomal hybrid cell lines were'produced by a two-
step process involving transfer of a marker bacterial
gene to a human chromosome and then by integration
of that human chromosome into a mouse complement
of chromosomes through microcell fusion. For chemi-
cal induced aneuploidy, the segregation of a single
human chromosome among cause chromosomes is
used as a cytogenetic marker. The genetic assay for
aneuploidy is based onlhe ability of cells to grow in a
medium that selects tor the loss of the human chromo-
some. The assay for ciastogenictty is based on survival
of cells after treatment with chemicals in medium that
selects for retention of the human chromosome but
loss of its segment containing DT locus. The assays
greatly simplify the detection of chromosomal aberra-
tions induced by environmental factors at low-dose
levels.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Chromosome abnormalities,
Methodology, Bacterial genes, 'Health effects, 'Toxic
substances, 'Cytogenetics, 'Hybrid cells, Genetic en-
gineering, Human chromosomes, Aneuploidy.
PB88-238142/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Do Functional Changes in Humans Correlate with
the Airway Removal Efficiency of Ozone,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
T. R. Gerrity, and W. F. McDonnell. Aug 88,12p EPA/
600/D-88/165
One of the more commonly observed responses to
acute exposure to ambient levels of ozone during exer-
cise is a decline in tidal volume and an increase in
breathing frequency. It has been hypothesized that the
response helps to limit the dose of ozone to the lower
respiratory tract. To test the hypothesis 20 healthy
non-smoking male volunteers were exposed to 0.4
ppm ozone while undergoing continuous exercise.
Tidal volume significantly fell by 25 percent (p<0.003)
during exposure. At the same time the ozone uptake
efficiency of the lower respiratory tract significantly fell
by 9 percent (p<0.04). These declines were signifi-
cantly correlated (p< 0.004), suggesting that the tidal
volume reduction experienced during ozone exposure
with exercise helps to limit the amount of ozone deliv-
ered to lower respiratory tract tissue.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Exercise(Physiology), 'Air pollu-
tion, 'Respiration, 'Health effects, 'Air pollution
effects(Human), Respiratory function tests. Lung
volume measurements, Spirometry, Plethysmography.
PB88-238159/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Dewatering Municipal Sewage Sludges Selecting a
Process,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
J. E. Smith. Aug 88,11 p* EPA/600/D-88/175
Using information and data obtained for an update of
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's guidance
document on dewatering municipal wastewater
sludges, a sequential review is made of key consider-
ations in selecting an optimum process. Included in the
discussion are the principal mechanical dewatering
devices now being applied: continuous belt filter press-
es, solid bowl centrifuges and recessed plate filter
presses; their simplicity of operation and their major
rational variables. Performance capabilities are
considered and compared with those of other
dewatering methods.
Keywords: 'Dewatering, 'Sludge disposal, 'Munici-
palities, Selection, Filter presses, Belts, Solid bowl
classifiers, Centrifuges, Optimization, Optimization,
Acceptability, Comparison, 'Sewage sludge.
PB88-238167/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Haz-
ardous Waste Minimization Program,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
H. M. Freeman. Aug 88,18p'EPA/600/D-88/177
The passage of the 1984 Amendments to the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act marked a
strong change in the United States' policies concern-
ing hazardous wastes. In order to carry out the inten-
tion of the Amendments to reduce the generation of
hazardous waste in the U.S., the EPA has developed a
multi-faceted hazardous waste minimization program.
The program, which includes information gathering, re-
search, development and demonstration, support of
state waste minimization programs, technology trans-
fer activities, waste minimization assessments, and ex-
tensive communications with universities, states, and
the general public, is discussed. The program de-
scribed is focused on minimizing the generation of haz-
ardous waste. However, the Agency believes that the
waste minimization concept can and should be applied
to all releases to air, water, and groundwater.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, 'Government policies, Information
systems, Assessments, Regulations, 'Pollution abate-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ment, Waste recycling, Technology transfer, Land dis-
posal.
PB88-238175/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Development of Water and Soil Treatment Tech-
nology Bated on the Utilization of a White-Rot,
Wood Rotting Fungus,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
J. A. Glaser. Aug 88,16p EPA/600/D-88/143
The wood rotting fungus, Phanerochaete chrysospor-
ium has been selected as a candidate species to be
used as a degrader of hazardous waste organic con-
stituents found in liquids and soils. The selection of the
species is attributable to its rapid growth, its ability to
degrade lignin rapidly, its ability to asexually multiply,
ana its high temperature optimum. Based on the
fungus' ability to degrade lignin several investigators
speculated that the fungus should be able to degrade
aromatic organic constituents found in hazardous
waste. Earty studies with the polychlorinated biphenyl
mixture Arochlor 1254, DPT, Lindane and other chlor-
inated contaminants indicated that the fungus may
have exceptional degradative abilities. The lignin de-
grading ability of the fungus is a secondary metabolic
cycle that is controlled by the absence of certain nutri-
ents.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, "Fungi, *Biodeterioration,
'Chlorine organic compounds, Detoxification, Life
cycles, Metabolism, Lignin, DDT, Chlorobenzenes, In-
secticides, "Phanerochaete chrysosporlum, 'Wood
rotting fungus, 'Hazardous wastes, Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls, Biphenyl/perchtoro, Land pollution, Water
pollution control, Industrial waste treatment, 'Toxic
substances.
PB88-238183/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Demonstration and Pilot-Scale Testing of Furnace
Sorbent Injection for S02 Control on Tangentlally
Coal-Fired Boilers,
Combustion Engineering, Inc., Windsor, CT.
M. R. Gogineni, J. P. Clark, J. L. Marion, R. W. Koucky,
and D. K. Anderson. Aug 88,10p EPA/600/D-88/178
Contract EPA-68-02-4295
Prepared in cooperation with Virginia Power, York-
town. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineer-
ing Research Lab.
The paper discusses a program to demonstrate fur-
nace sorbent injection on a tengentialiy fired, coal-
burning utility boiler. The overall objective of the pro-
gram is to demonstrate significant reductions in S02
and NOx, while minimizing any negative impacts on
boiler performance. The program, which draws heavily
on the procedures established under an earlier labora-
tory program, also includes unit-specific aerodynamic
flow modeling and pilot-scale combustion testing to
identify and verify optimum sorbent injection and NOx
reduction approaches. The program will culminate with
an 8-month demonstration test at Virginia Power's 180
MW(e) Vorktown Unit No. 2. Flue gas humidifioation
and low temperature simulated sorbent recycle for en-
hanced S02 removal will also be demonstrated during
the 8-month test.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Sulfur dioxide, Boilers, Utili-
ties, Models, Exhaust gases, Combustion products,
Desulfurization, Injection, 'Air pollution control equip-
ment, 'Nitrogen oxides, Air pollution abatement.
PB8B-238191/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
angte°P«JknwM°nit0rln9 Sys,em8 Lab" Research Tri-
Comparlson of the RADM (Regional Acid Deposi-
tion Model) Dry Deposition Module with Stte-Spe-
clfic Routines for Inferring Dry Deposition,
Argonne National Lab., IL. Biological, Environmental,
end Medical Research Div.
M. L. Wesely, and B. M. Lesht. Aug 88,110p EPA/
600/4-88/027
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The dry deposition module of the Regional Acid Depo-
sition Model (RADM) is used to compute the dry depo-
sition velocities (downward flux divided by concentra-
tion at a specified height) for S02, S04(2-), 03, and
HN03, among others. With its computerized landuse
1114 Vol. 90, No. 24
map, the module can provide estimates of the deposi-
tion velocities for a given set of meteorological and
surface conditions that are representative of an area
located anywhere in the contiguous United States and
nearby locations. As part of the project, the module
has been modified to accept data on meteorological
and surface conditions observed at measurement sta-
tions rather than use inputs computed with RADM. The
purpose of these modifications was to make site-spe-
cific estimates of dry deposition velocities, and com-
pare these with results from the site-specific inferential
technique that has been developed at the Atmospher-
ic Turbulence and Diffusion Division of NOAA's Air Re-
sources Laboratory. Goals of the comparisons include
estimating tho relative uncertainties of the two tech-
niques, suggesting improvements, and examining the
ability of the modified module to provide estimates of
dry deposition for expanded areas around the meas-
urement sites.
Keywords: Air pollution, Mathematical models, Ozone,
Sulfur dioxide, Nitric acid, Sulfate, Deposition, Velocity
measurement, 'Acid rain, Land use.
PB88-238209/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Long-Range Research Agenda for the Period
1989-1993.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Mar 88,92p EPA/600/9-88/008
The document is prepared in response to a Congres-
sional requirement that the U.S. EPA submit an annual
revision of a comprehensive five-year plan of research,
development and demonstration. The revision con-
tains the plans for no growth, moderate growth, and
high growth budget projections in research. The re-
search is described in media-specific terms-air/radi-
ation, water, pesticides/toxics, hazardous waste/su-
perfund, multimedia energy, and interdisciplinary
issues.
Keywords: 'Research, 'Pollution, Air pollution, Water
pollution, Pesticides, Planning, Radiation hazards,
'Environmental Protection Agency, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Hazardous wastes, Superfund, Health ef-
fects, Pollution monitoring, 'Pollution control.
PB88-238233/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Factors Regulating the Spatial and Temporal Dis-
tribution of 'Cladophora' and 'Ulothrlx' In the Lau-
rentian Great Lakes,
Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton. Dept. of Civil
Engineering.
M. T. Auer, J. M. Graham, L. E. Graham, and J. A.
Kranzfelder. c1983,14p EPA/600/D-88/144
Grant EPA-R-806600
Pub. in Periphyton of Freshwater Ecosystems, Chapter
17, p135-145 1983. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab.-Duluth, MN.
The attached filamentous green algae Ulothrix zonata
and Cladophora glomerata are important members of
the periphyton community in the rocky littoral zone of
the Laurentian Great Lakes. When these algae occur
together, Ulothrix occupies the splash zone and Clado-
phora grows in deeper water. The two algae show defi-
nite seasonal patterns of abundance as well as distinct
geographic distributions within the Great Lakes basin.
The authors examined the role of light, temperature,
and phosphorus supply in regulating the geographic,
seasonal, and spatial distribution of these two filamen-
tous algae. Phosphorus availability plays a major role
in determining the geographic distribution of attached
algae in the Great Lakes. Light intensity, acting
through the balance between photosynthesis and res-
piration, appears to have a significant effect upon the
pattern of vertical zonation. Optimum photosynthesis
in Ulothrix occurs at high light levels than the optimum
for Cladophora. Seasonal patterns of abundance in
Ulothrix and Cladophora are consistent with their re-
spective temperature optima for photosynthesis.
Keywords: 'Algae, Aquatic microbiology, Great Lakes,
Photosynthesis, Phosphorus, Marine oology, Aquatic
Giants, Distribution(Property), Abundance, Reprints,
lothrix zonata, Cladophora glomerata.
PB88-238316/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
CTSPAC: Mathematical Model for Coupled Trans-
port of Water, Solutes, and Heat In the Soli-Plant-
Atmosphere Continuum. Volume 1. Mathematical
Theory and Transport Concepts. Special rept.,
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Soil Science.
F. T. Lindstrom, D. E. Cawlfield, and L. Boersma. Jul
88,150p EPA/600/3-88/030
Grant EPA-R-814060
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
The mathematical structure of the model consists of
the coupling of a model for the transport through soils
to a model for transport through plants. The coupled
model describes uptake of water and solutes by plants
from the soil solution. The rate of uptake is a function
of the environmental conditions that determine the
transpiration rate. Transport of water, solutes, and
heat through the soil is modeled by a one-dimensional
approach. The soil is divided into a series of depth in-
crements. Initial root distribution is specified, water
and solutes are taken from each soil layer as deter-
mined by water potential. Water transport in the plant
is based on water potential and pressure gradients ac-
cording to the Munch pressure flow hypothesis. Gradi-
ents are determined by water availability in the soil and
by atmospheric conditions. The model was developed
for the specific purpose of making assessments of
risks involved in the use of xenobiotic chemicals. It is
driven by environmental conditions, specifically atmos-
pheric conditions that determine transpiration rate.
Keywords: 'Soil mechanics, 'Plant metabolism,
'Mathematical models. Solutes, Transport equations,
Nutrients, Contaminants, Water pollution control.
PB88-238332/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Technical Considerations for De Minimis Pollutant
Transport through Polymeric Liners,
Environmental Protection Polymers, Inc., Hawthorne,
CA.
R. W. Telles, S. L. Unger, and H. R. Lubowitz. Aug 88,
100p EPA/600/2-88/042
Contract EPA-68-03-3218
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The report provides a technical basis for assessing ttie
transport of fluids through polymeric liners used to
confine pollutants in landfills and impoundments.
When a mixture of organic fluids, water, salts, and
other substances are confined by an intact liner, first
the organic fluids permeate according to their mobili-
ties, then water. Salts, macromolecules, and microor-
ganisms remain confined. These phenomena indicate
that fluids are transported by the permeation mecha-
nism and that properly selected and installed liners
made with commodity resins can be effective. Organic
fluids can be one of the major factors in determining da
minimis values. These permeation rates can be appre-
ciable; therefore, impoundments with organic fluids
must be selectively designed so that adequate protec-
tion of health and the environment is maintained.
Keywords: Liquid permeability, Polymers, Water pollu-
tion control equipment, Plastic bags, Path of pollut-
ants, Earth fills, Solid waste disposal, Hazardous
waste disposal.
PB88-238340/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Sources of Fine Particle Organic Matter in Rnlaa.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
C. W. Lewis, T. G. Dzubay, R. B. Zweidinger, and V R
Highsmith. Aug 88,10p EPA/600/D-88/147
Ambient concentrations of fine particle extracted or-
ganic matter (EOM) measured at the Elm Grove Park
and Fire Station sites in Boise have been apportioned
to their two principal sources, woodsmoke and motor
vehicle emissions. A multiple linear regression method
using lead and potassium-based tracers for motor v»-
hides and woodsmoke, respectively, was employed In
the source apportionment. On average woodsmoke
was found to be the dominant contributor to EOM M
both sites and during both day and night In spite of the
90% reduction in the lead content of leaded gasoline
in the U.S., which has been in effect since January
1986, lead still appears to be a viable tracer of motor
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: *Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions,
'Smoke, 'Particles, Organic compounds, Wood,
Lead(Metal), Air pollution monitoring, Boise(ldaho).
PB88-238357/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Development of Sorbent Injection Criteria for
Sulfur Oxide* Control from Tangentlally Fired
Coal Boilers. Final rept. Jul 85-Aug 87,
Combustion Engineering, Inc., Windsor, CT.
R. W. Kouckv, J. L. Marion, and D. K. Anderson. Aug
88,334p* EPA/600/7-88/013
Contract EPA-68-02-4224
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report describes a program to develop design cri-
teria for injecting dry sorbents into tangentlally fired
coal furnaces for the control of SOx emissions. The
program included aerodynamic cold-flow testing and
mathematical modeling of sorbent injection, demon-
stration testing of SOx emissions control in a 14.7 MW
thermal (SO million Btu/hr) tangentially fired Boiler
Simulation Facility (BSF), and development of recom-
mendations for sorbent injection in a tangentially fired
boiler demonstration of the process. The isothermal
flow modeling led to development of sorbent injection
systems for tangentially fired furnaces which provide
high levels of sorbent dispersion. A sorbent dispersion
mathematical modeling technique was developed to
support flow modeling in identifying and optimizing sor-
bent injection locations and methods. A procedure
was developed for specifying sorbent injection loca-
tions and methods for a full-scale demonstration of the
sorbent injection process in a tangentially fired utility
boiler.
Keywords: Sulfur dioxide, Boilers, Coal, Design criteria,
Research projects, Mathematical models, Sorbents,
'Air pollution control, 'Exhaust gases, Stationary
sources.
PBM-238373/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Par*, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Projection Methodology for Future State Level
Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Sta-
tionary Sources (Version 1.8). Final rept. Sep 83-
Sep 87,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC. Progress
Center.
T E. Emmel. Jul 88,134p EPA/600/8-88/090
Contracts EPA-68-02-3171, EPA-68-02-3513
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lao.
The report presents the model framework used to esti-
mate state level and national future volatile organic
compound (VOC) emissions and control costs for sta-
tionary industrial and utility sources. The framework in-
volves a projection approach using the 1980 National
Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP) in-
ventory for VOC emissions aggregated by 101 defined
source categories apportioned by ozone attainment
and nonattalnment areas for each state. The projec-
tion approach involves applying expected industry ac-
tivity factors (growth/decllne/replacement-rates) and
emission constraint factors (environmental control re-
ductions) to the base year emission levels. Future year
uncontrolled and controlled VOC emissions and an-
nualized control costs are estimated using annualized
control cost values (1980 dollars/ton) for each source
category. The model has five data files which interact
to provide uncontrolled/controlled VOC emission pro-
jections and cost controls for: any year from 1980 to
2030; 49 geographic regions (48 contiguous states
and the District of Columbia); and 90 industrial/utility
point source categories and 11 industrial area sources.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Industrial wastes,
Forecasting, Mathematical models, Cost estimates,
Concentratk>n(Composltion), Regulations, 'Stationary
sources, 'Volatile organic compounds, 'Air pollution
sampling, 'National Acid Precipitation Assessment
Model, Point sources, Baseline measurements.
PM0-23M49/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Ground-Water Protection.
Model Assessment for Delineating Wellhead Pro-
tection Areas. Final rept.,
JACA Corp., Fort Washington, PA.
P. van der Heijde, and M. 5. Beljin. May 88,271 p EPA/
440/6-88/002
Contract EPA-68-03-3252
Prepared in cooperation with International Ground
Water Modeling Center, Indianapolis, IN. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Ground-Water Protection.
The document offers a compilation of groundwater
computer flow models potentially appicable to well-
head protection area delineation. It contributes infor-
mation on existing groundwater flow and contaminant
transport and fate models that may be considered for
use in these delineations. Each of the 64 personal
computer models described was rated with respect to
applied quality assurance, user-friendliness, accessi-
bility, portability and modificability.
Keywords: 'Ground water, Water pollution, Models-
simulation, Computer programs, 'Water wells, Water
pollution control, Wellhead Protection Areas, Path of
pollutants.
PB88-238456/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Chemical Interactions among Chlorohydrocarbon
Mixtures Found In Wastewater Effluents,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH. Toxicol-
ogy and Microbiology Div.
B. A. Merrick, J. A. Stober, and L. W. Condie. Aug 88,
22p EPA/600/D-88/150
Various chlorohydrocarbons found in industrial waste
effluents, including chloroform (CHC13) and carbon
tetrachloride (CCI4), can eventually contaminate
public drinking water supplies. The present study was
designed to evaluate the interaction between orally ad-
ministered CHCI3 and CCI4 at hepatic and renal toxic
threshold doses in male, Sprague Dawley rats. CHCI3
was administered by oral gavage once daily for 3 days
Prior to sacrifice at 0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mmole/kg/day
by itself or in combination with CCI4 at 0.1,0.5 and 1.0
mmole/kg (administered by oral gavage 16 hr prior to
sacrifice). The severity and frequency of hepatocellu-
lar damage increased in a dose-related manner with
CCI4 and to a lesser extent with CHCI3 when they
were administered individually. Renal damage was
most evident in the highest CHCI3 dose group. Histo-
pathology and serum enzyme data indicated that
hepato-toxicity was greater than additive when CCI4
and CHCI3 were given in combination.
Keywords: 'Chlorohydrocarbons, Water pollution,
Chloroform, Carbon tetrachloride, Rats, Pathophysio-
logy, Chemical reactions, Toxicity, 'Waste water,
Drinking water.
PB88-238464/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Controlling Air Toxics: An Advisory System. Rept.
for May 87-Feb 88,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
S. Nolen, T. Micai, G. Shareef, and M. Johnston. Jul
88,20p* EPA/600/D-88/145
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
Prepared in cooperation with New Jersey Dept. of En-
vironmental Protection, Trenton. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses the development and use of a
computerized advisory system for the control of air
toxics. The program, Is written for the IBM PC using Mi-
crosoft C V3.0 compiler and Windows for Data Library
V1.0 for screen and keyboard interaction. The permit
reviewer inputs information on the air emission stream
characteristics as well as other Information in the
permit application. The program allows the permit re-
viewer to select a specific pollution control device for
evaluation. The program then calculates design pa-
rameters and estimates costs for each control technol-
ogy selected. The results can be compared against the
applicant's actual or proposed design. The program is
designed to easilv allow what-if calculations, allowing
the reviewer to change one or more parameters and
recalculate the results. A report generator is included
in the program.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Hazardous materials,
'Computer programs, Air pollution control equipment,
Evaluation, Design, Cost estimates, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Air pollution control, Emission factors, Con-
trolling air toxics computer program, IBM-PC comput-
ers, Stationary sources.
PB88-238472/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Project PEPE-NEROS (Persistent Elevated Pollu-
tion Episodes-North East Regional Oxidant Study)
(1980): Description of the Data Base. Final rept.,
Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO.
N. B. Gihani. Aug 88,138p EPA/600/3-88/031
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
Project PEPE-NEROS was a major EPA-sponsored
field measurements program conducted during the
summer of 1980 out of Columbus, Ohio. The dual ob-
jectives were to create data bases for (a) the study of
the evolution and composition of regional haze epi-
sodes occurring in northeastern U.S., particularly
during summer months, and (b) the study of oxidant
formation and transport in urban plumes and on re-
gional scale. Many research groups representing EPA,
NASA and other government agencies, as well as in-
dustry and universities participated in the field study.
The overall data base of PEPE-NEROS was central-
ized and standardized at Washington University. The
two-part report describes and documents the data
base and its availability. Part I overviews the measure-
ments and the data base, and lists the many reports
which contain details of the measurement platforms
and their missions. Part II gives documentation of the
final General Distribution Data Base of PEPE-NEROS
which is contained on two magnetic tapes.
Keywords: 'Air pollution. Information systems, Ohio,
Computer programs, Regional analysis, Data bases.
PB88-238928/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Alternative Oxidant and Dislnfsctant Treatment
Strategies for Controlling Trihalomethane Forma-
tion. Final rept. Sep 83-Aug 86,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
P. C. Singer. Aug 88,308p EPA/600/2-88/044
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
To comply with the maximum contaminant level (MCL)
for total trihalomethanes (TTHM), many utilities have
modified their pre-oxidation and disinfection practices
by switching to alternative oxidants and disinfectants
in place of free chlorine. To evaluate the impact of
these changes, a research project was initiated to
study several water treatment plants that had recently
adopted the use of chlorine dioxide, ozone, potassium
permanganate, or chloramines to partial^ or fully
offset the use of free chlorine. The results of the study
showed that total organic halide (TOX) formation par-
alleled THM formation at all eight of the utilities investi-
gated. The alternative pre-treatment oxidants and dis-
infectants were depleted rapidly as a consequence of
the high TOC concentrations in the waters examined.
This implies that residual oxidants and disinfectants
and oxidation effectiveness to be reduced.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Oxidation, 'Disinfect-
ants, Concentration(Composition), Monitoring, Substi-
tutes, Chemical analysis, Performance evaluation,
Cost analysis, 'Halomethanes, 'Water treatment
plants, Pretreatment(Water), Total organic halogens.
PB88-238936/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Distribution of Volatile Organic Hydrocarbons and
Aldehydes during the IACP (Integrated Air Cancer
Project) Boise, Idaho Residential Study. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
R. Zweidinger, S. Tejada, R. Highsmlth, H. Westburg,
and L. Gage. Aug 88,11p EPA/600/D-88/148
Prepared Tn cooperation with Washington State Univ.,
Pullman, and Northrop Services, Inc., Research Trian-
gle Park, NC.
The U.S. EPA's Integrated Air Cancer Project (IACP)
conducted a field study In Boise, Idaho during Novem-
ber 1986 - February 1987. As part of the study, sam-
ples were collected in ten pairs of homes, one with and
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
one without a woodburning appliance. Paired homes
were located near each other and concurrent sampling
was conducted inside each home and outside the
home not burning wood. A different pair of homes was
sampled each week during the study. Averaged data
from all homes showed total non-methane organic
carbon (NMOC) and total carbonyls to be higher inside
either home type relative to outside. Average formal-
dehyde concentrations were slightly higher inside
homes with woodstoves, but several non-woodburning
homes had concentrations exceeding many of the
woodburning homes. Benzene concentrations inside
homes seemed related to mobile sources and were
similar to outdoor levels.
Keywords: 'Fireplaces, Idaho, Organic compounds,
•Hydrocarbons, 'Aldehydes, "Indoor air pollution,
Residential buildings, Air pollution monitoring.
PB88-238944/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Characterizing Raw Surface Water Amenable to
Minimal Water Supply Treatment,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
E. E. Geldreich, J. A. Goodrich, and R. M. Clark. Aug
88,30p EPA/66/D-88/171
The monitoring strategy must be sensitive to frequent
and unpredictable fluctuations in water quality caused
by major storm events and seasonal destratifications
of the lake/impoundment. Therefore, daily monitoring
of raw source water and the finished water quality en-
tering distribution systems at a point near the first cus-
tomer is necessary. When water quality fluctuations
reach beyond the 90th percentile for coliforms, morn-
ing and afternoon, afternoon sampling of the finished
water should be done to demonstrate continued treat-
ment barrier protection. Monitoring data should not
only be utilized to form a continual historical record
that demonstrates water quality suitability for minimal
treatment but also as an integral part of guidance in
making day to day changes in process control to avoid
any cnance for microbial penetration into the public
water supply.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Surface waters, 'Water
quality, Reservoirs, Coliform bacteria, Monitoring, Wa-
tersheds, 'Water pollution detection, 'Water quality
management, Water quality data.
PB88-238951/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Applicability of U.S. EPA (Environmental Protec-
tion Agency) Rick AtNtimml Guidelines for
Chemical Mixtures,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
S. D. lutkenhoff, R. C. Hertzberg, and C. Sonich-
Mullin. Aug 88,35p EPA/600/D-88/170
The U.S. EPA published Guidelines for the health Risk
Assessment of Chemical Mixtures in September,
1986. To facilitate the application of Guidelines proce-
dures the Agency has developed a data base on
known toxicological interactions (synergism, etc.). This
unique resource alios incorporation of interaction data
on a case-by-case basis into mixture risk assess-
ments. Additional technical support information is
being compiled, which will provide the scientific basis
for the Guidelines procedures. In the present paper,
the Guidelines still be summarized and illustrated using
an example assessment of contaminated ground
water.
Keywords: 'Environmental health, 'Water pollution,
'Mixtures, Hazardous materials, Toxicity, Potable
water, Exposure, Water quality, Contaminants, 'Health
effects, 'Risk assessment, Synergism, Toxic sub-
stances.
PB86-238969/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Hazardous Wast* Landfill Research, USEPA
(United States Environmental Protection Agency)
Program,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
N. 8. Schomaker. Aug 88,19p EPA/600/D-88/154
See also PB84-211028.
The Land Pollution Control Division (LPCD), Hazard-
ous Waste Engineering Research Lab. (HWERL), U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, in Cincinnati, Ohio,
has responsibility for research in solid and hazardous
waste management with respect to land disposal of
wastes. To fulfill the responsibility, the LPCD is devel-
oping concepts and is documenting the environmental
effects of various waste disposal practices; and is col-
lecting data necessary to support implementation of
disposal guidelines mandated by the Hazardous and
Solid Waste Amendments of 1984 (HSWA). The paper
will present an overview of the land disposal research
associated with the LPCD hazardous waste program
plan and will report the current status of work in the fol-
lowing categorical areas: Hazardous waste facilities -
landfills and surface impoundments; Non-Hazardous
waste facilities; and Technology transfer.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, Leaching, Linings, Quality as-
surance, Quality control, 'Hazardous wastes, 'Land
disposal, 'Land pollution, 'Pollution control, 'Surface
impoundment, Technology transfer, Solid waste dis-
posal, Solid waste management.
PB88-238977/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Implications of the Montreal Protocol for Atmos-
pheric Emissions of Alternative Chemicals. Rept.
for Jan-Mar 88,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
K. E. Hummel, N. D. Smith, and D. L. Harmon. Aug 88,
30p EPA/600/D-88/146
Contract EPA-68-02-4286
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper is about alternative chemicals. The substitu-
tion, of less ozone-depleting chemicals wherever it is
cost effective and technically feasible, is expected be-
cause of anticipated future limitations on production
and consumption of the fully halogenated chlorofluoro-
carbons (CFCs) and halons (fluorocarbons containing
bromine atoms) covered by the Montreal Protocol.
Certain alternative chemicals (e.g., HCFC-22 and
methyl chloroform) are already used in applications
other than as CFC substitutes. Projected future con-
sumption of alternative chemicals includes such non-
substitution use. Study results indicate that the 50 per-
cent reduction in weighted CFC/halon consumption
(weighted for ozone depletion potential) required by
the Protocol in 1998 could initially be achieved by alter-
native chemicals alone. However, alternative process-
es or products not requiring either the controlled sub-
stances or their substitute chemicals and/or substan-
tial recovery and reuse of the chemicals would be
needed to maintain the 50 percent level of reduction in
the longer term.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Ozone, Halohydro-
carbons, Fluorohydrocarbons, Bromine, Substitutes,
Emission, 'Stationary sources, 'Alternative chemicals.
PB88-238985/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)
Waats Minimization Research Program,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering^Research Lab.
H. M. Freeman. Aug 88,13p EPA/600/D-88/156
A program to encourage the development and adop-
tion of new production and recycling technologies that
result in the production of less hazardous waste was
initiated by the U.S. EPA's Office of Research and De-
velopment in 1987. The program includes a broad
spectrum of demonstration and evaluation audit stud-
ies, technical assistance and long term research stud-
ies. It is designed to supplement and support the
EPA's waste minimization strategy being carried out by
the Office of Solid Waste. The author reviews progress
to date of the various elements of the program and dis-
cusses the results of selected waste minimization
audit studies sponsored by the Agency.
Keywords: 'Research projects, 'Waste disposal,
'Waste treatment, Hazardous materials, Materials re-
covery, 'Recycling, 'Toxic substances, Waste man-
agement, US EPA Waste Minimization Research Pro-
gram, Research support. Minimization.
PB88-239009/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Annular Denuder Results from Boise, ID,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
R. K. Stevens, T. G. Dzubay, R. Baumgardner, R.
Zweidinger, and R. Highsmith. Aug 88,13p EPA/600/
D-88/168
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC., and Morrison-Knudsen
Co., Inc., Boise,ID.
Samples from annular denuder systems (ADS) collect-
ed during the winter of 1985-1986 in Boise, ID, have
been analyzed for acidic oxides of nitrogen and sulfur.
The correlations between the data from the ADS and
XRF measurements of Pb and K in the fine particles
were examined to determine if any of the species col-
lected by the ADS (e.g., HN02, HN03) would serve as
receptor modeling tracers for the extractable organic
matter (EOM) from mobile and/or woodburning
sources. Results of these correlations will be dis-
cussed. The report also discusses the precision of the
ADS measurements and compares results obtained
with other measuring methods for similar species (e.g.,
XRF data for S with sulfate measured with the ADS). In
addition, comparison of ambient concentrations of
species measured with the ADS at the two monitoring
sites in Boise will also be examined in relationship to
the chemical properties of fine particles collected in
Boise, ID and spatial homogeneity of gases and aero-
sols.
Keywords: 'Air pollution. 'Inorganic acids, Chemical
analysis, Fireplaces, Aerosols, Particulates, Idaho, *Air
sampling, Air pollution monitoring, Air toxic sub-
stances.
PB88-239017/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Respiratory Tract Dosimetry of (18)0-Lafeeled
Ozone in Rats: Implications for a Rat-Human Ex-
trapolation of Ozone Dose,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park NC
G. E. Hatch, M. J. Wiester, J. H. Overton, and M. Aissa.
Aug 88,13p EPA/600/D-88/174
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Efforts to obtain a comparison between rats and
humans of the dose of inhaled ozone (03) delivered to
the lungs during 03 exposure has been impeded be-
cause of the lack of data on the nasopharyngeal re-
moval of 03 in rats. The present study sought to ad-
dress the need through use of a newly developed trac-
ing technique that involved oxygen-18 labeled 03
((18)03). Comparison of the result to a published value
of about 40 percent nasopharyngeal removal in the
resting human, yields the conclusion that the 03 con-
centration in the rat trachea is about 30 percent higher
than in the human trachea under similar exposure con-
ditions.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Air pollution, 'Respiratory
system, Dosimetry, Laboratory animals, Humans, Tra-
chea, Lung, Air pollution effects, Tissue distribution,
Nasopharynx.
PB88-239025/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Improved Analytical Technique for the Determina-
tion of Oaa and Aqueous Phase Hydrogen Perox-
ide: instrument Manual,
Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock. Dept. of Chemistry and
Biochemistry.
P. K. Dasgupta. Aug 88,48p EPA/600/3-88/032
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
The document describes the construction and oper-
ation of an automated instrument package designed to
measure gaseous and aqueous phase hydrogen per-
oxide. The chemical determination relies on the peroxi-
dase-mediated conversion of p-hydroxyphen&oetfc
acid to 6,6'-dihydroxy-3,3'-biphenyldiacetic add by
H202 and subsequent base-induced ionization of ail
carboxylic and phenolic protons to form a fluorescent
product Organic hydroperoxides (hereafter referred to
as organic peroxides) react in a similar fashion. The
detection limit for gas phase H202 is 3 x 10 to the
minus 11th power v/v (sampling rate 2 L/min) with a
lag time of 1 min and 0-90 percent rise time of 0.8 min.
Keywords: 'Hydrogen peroxide, 'Measuring instru-
ments, Chemical analysis, Schematics, Manuals.
Scrubbers, Design criteria.	'
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-239041/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Comparison of EPA (Environmental Protection
Agency) Test House Data with Predictions of an
Indoor Air Quality Model,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
L E. Sparks, M. D. Jackson, and B. A. Tichenor. Jul 88,
20p EPA/600/D-88/163
An easy-to-use indoor air quality (IAQ) model is de-
scribed. It is multi-compartmented and based on a
well-mixed mixing model. Sources and sinks are al-
lowed in each compartment. A menu-driven fill-in-the-
form user Interface controls program flow and Is used
to obtain data from the user. On-screen graphical
output is provided. The model estimates the effects of
heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), air
cleaning, room-to-room air movement, and natural
ventilation on pollutant concentrations. Experiments
conducted in the EPA test house using moth crystal
cakes for model verification are described. The agree-
ment between small chamber emission factors, model
predictions, and test house data is very good. Predict-
ed weight loss of the moth crystal cakes was within 5
percent of the measured weight loss. Predicted room
concentrations of p-dichlorobenzene are within 20 per-
cent of the measured values. Future directions for
model development and experimental studies are dis-
cussed.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, Comparison,
Concentration(Composition), Heating, Ventilation, Air
conditioning, Forecasting, Air pollution, Chloroben-
zenes, 'Indoor air pollution, *Air quality data, *Air pol-
lution sampling, Emission factors, Benzene/dichloro,
Moth crystals.
PM8-239058/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Research In a Regulatory Environment,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
D. C. Drehmel, and F. T. Princiotta. Aug 88,13p EPA/
600/D-88/173
The paper discusses the rationale and motivation for
integrated environmental control as it relates to EPA
research, particularly as it involves risk management.
EPA research, whether In support of Integrated envi-
ronmental control or not, must be responsive to the
Agency's regulatory function. Risk reduction programs
have been successful in the past, leading to demon-
stration of flue gas desulfurizatlon (FGD) and low nitro-
gen oxide (NOx) burner technologies. One emphasis
Of current risk reduction research activities Is integrat-
ed environmental control because of the possibility of
greater cost effectiveness. Two examples of integrat-
ed environmental control are described: limestone In-
jection multistage burners (LIMB) and electrostatic
precipitators-sulfur oxides (E-SOx). Both technologies
show great promise for moderate to high S02 control
with very low cost and ease of retrofit.
Keywords: 'Research management, Sulfur oxides,
'Environmental research, 'Risk management, Pollu-
tion control, Limestone injection, Electrostatic precipi-
tators, Air pollution control.
PB8S-239074/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Induatrl*! Bolter Low NOX Combustion Retrofit
Coat Algorithm Development. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
K. L Johnson. Aug 88,50p EPA/600/8-88/091
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report documents the development of the low
NOx combustion cost algorithm for Industrial boilers. It
describes the methods used to develop capital and an-
nualized costs. The boiler size range examined covers
units with capacities ranging from 100 to 1300 million
Btu/hr heat input for coal firing, with oil- or gas-fires
dnlts as small as 10 million Btu/hr. All costs presented
am In June 1985 dollars. The algorithm will become
•art of the Industrial Combustion Emission (ICE) model
being developed for the National Acid Precipitation As-
sessment Program (NAPAP). Low NOx combustion is
one of several technologies being developed specifi-
cally for application to existing uncontrolled boilers.
Keywords: 'Boilers, Abatement, Cost estimates, Algo-
rithms, Computer programs, Economic analysis, Nitro-
gen oxides, Tables(Data), Capitalized costs, 'Air pollu-
tion control equipment, 'Pollution control costs, Acid
rain.
PB88-239082/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Air Strippers and Their Emissions Control at Su-
perfund Sites. Technical rept. Feb-Apr 87,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
B. L. Blaney, and M. Branscome. Aug 88,25p EPA/
600/D-88/153
Contract EPA-68-02-3992
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Air stripping, a traditional means of making slightly
contaminated ground-water potable, is being applied
increasingly to more severe groundwater pollution at
remedial action sites. Concentrations of volatile and
semivolatile compounds at such sites may reach hun-
dreds of parts per million. As a result, several changes
have resulted in air stripping technology. New air strip-
ping technologies are being employed to achieve very
nign (>99 percent) removal of volatile compounds
and to increase the removal of semivolatiles. New
stripper designs are being investigated for compact-
ness and mobility, tn addition, emissions controls are
being added because air pollution impacts are larger.
The paper discusses these trends and provides exam-
ples from groundwater cleanup at remedial action sites
in the United States.
Keywords: United States, 'Ground water, 'Water pol-
lution control, 'Aeration, Air pollution, Water pollution
abatement, Hazardous waste sites, Air toxic sub-
stances, Volatile organic compounds, Hazardous
wastes.
PB88-239090/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Alternative Energy Sources for Wastewater Treat-
ment Plants. Final rept. Oct 81 -Aug 83.
Weston (Roy F.), Inc., West Chester, PA.
Aug 88,132p EPA/600/2-88/043
Contract EPA-68-03-3055
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The technology assessment provides an introduction
to the use of several alternative energy sources at
wastewater treatment plants. The report contains fact
sheets (technical descriptions) and data sheets (cost
and design information) for the technologies. Cost fig-
ures and schematic diagrams of the technologies are
included. The following alternative energy technol-
ogies appear to be potentially cost effective: Heat
pumps which use influent or effluent wastewater as
their heat source, for supplying process or building
heat; Geothermal direct-use systems for large energy
loads when geothermal source is adequate; Wind
power systems for large electrical loads when annual
wind flux Is adequate; Passive solar systems where
they can be cost-effectively integrated into the overall
architectural design of a facility; Low-head hydro sys-
tems may be appropriate for smaller plants which have
an available head greater than three meters.
Keywords: 'Electric power generation, Solar energy,
Heat pumps, Wind power generation, Evaluation, Cost
estimates, Hydroelectric power generation, 'Waste
water treatment, 'Energy sources, 'Renewable
energy sources, Geothermal energy, Low-head hydro-
electric power plants, 'Water treatment plants.
PB88-239124/H8U
PC A03/MF A01
Multimedia, MulttpoHutant FleW Study to Establish
Levels of Toxic Contaminants In
	Air, 9oH, Sedi-
ment, Wster and Agricultural Products from a
Model Municipal Waste Combu(tor,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
L Fradkin, T. Hartlage, R. Watts, R. Hariess, and J. F.
Walling. Aug 88,14p EPA/600/0-88/155
Prepared in cooperation with Vermont State Agency of
Environmental Conservation, MontpeDer, and Syra-
cuse Research Corp., Cincinnati, OH.
In the past, assessments have been directed only at
the public health risks posed by stack and fugitive
emissions of pollutants from municipal waste combus-
tors (MWCs) by direct inhalation exposure. Recently,
the U.S. EPA has developed methodologies to extend
risk assessment to a consideration of indirect expo-
sure pathways in addition to the direct inhalation path-
way. A better understanding of the multipollutant and
multiple exposure pathways of emissions from waste
combustors is needed in order to improve the overall
assessment of the risks to humans and the environ-
ment. The study will provide a preliminary determina-
tion of the overall risks associated with MWCs. As part
of the overall approach, a field evaluation of a MWC
was selected in Rutland, Vermont. During a one-year
period, a four station ambient air monitoring network
for pollutants will be operated by the State of Vermont.
The purpose of the monitoring is to ensure that the pol-
lution controls and regulatory requirements imposed
on the facility are sufficient to prevent adverse impacts
on human health or the environment.
Keywords: 'Municipal wastes, 'Combustion, 'Waste
disposal, Emissions, Solid waste disposal, Hazardous
materials, Ash, Leachates, Landfills, Residues.
PB88-239132/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
U.S. Coal Use: The Environmental Challenge,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
F. T. Princiotta. Aug 88,30p EPA/600/D-88/149
Although the paper focuses on past (since 1920) and
current coal use and pollutant emissions in the U.S., it
also discusses where the U.S. may be going in terms
of pollutant emissions over the next several decades.
Conclusions of the look at coal use include the fact
that increasing coal use is vital to the economic well
being of the U.S. With proper application of controls,
coal use can be increased as projected without unac-
ceptable levels of sulfur and nitrogen oxides, particu-
late, and nitrous oxide. However, the forecast is
bleaker for carbon dioxide and its projected impact on
global warming. Barring a technology breakthrough of
major proportions (e.g., successful commercialization
of nuclear fusion or solar electric generation), the best
that can be envisioned is to moderate carbon dioxide
emissions from the combustion of coal and other fuels
through conservation.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Fossil fuels, 'Air pol-
lution forecasts, Emission, Combustion, Coal, Sulfur
oxides, Nitrogen oxides, Nitrogen oxide(N20), Carbon
dioxide, Particles, United States, 'Stationary sources.
PB88-239157/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Development and Evaluation of the Regional Oxi-
dant Model for the Northeastern United States,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
K. L. Schere, and R. A. Wayland. Aug 88,14p EPA/
600/D-88/169
Prepared in cooperation with Computer Sciences
Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC., arid National Oce-
anic and Atmospheric Administration, Rockville, MD.
This is a second generation operational Regional Oxi-
dant Model (ROM2) that continues to be developed,
tested, and refined. The model is primarily designed for
use in evaluating the effectiveness of various emission
control strategies on the regional scale. The purpose
of the paper is to provide a brief overview of the ROM2
and to describe the first phase of a model evaluation
study using data from the Northeast U.S.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Ozone, Smog, Pho-
tochemical reactions, Urban areas, Emission, Evalua-
tion, Nitrogen oxides, 'Regional Oxidant Model,
* Northeast Region(United States), 'Toxic substances.
PB8B-239173/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Region X
Guidance Manual for the Development of an Acci-
dental Spill Prevention Program.
Science Applications International Corp., McLean, VA.
Feb 88,164p* EPA/910/9-87/170
Contract EPA-68-01 -7043
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seat-
tle, WA. Region X.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The document was prepared for EPA Region X to
assist publicaly owned treatment works (POTWs) in
implementing a component of their Pretreatment Pro-
gram, namely the prevention of accidental spills and
slug discharges from industrial users. Such spills and
slug discharges could cause damage to a POTW's col-
lection system, interfere with the operation or its treat-
ment plant, affect water quality and sludge usage, and
potentially affect worker health and safety. The impor-
tant elements of an accidental spill prevention pro-
gram include the following: identification of potential
sources and risks, evaluation and/or development of
legal authority to regulate spills and slug discharges,
requirements for industrial users to develop Accidental
Spill Prevention Program plans and submit them to the
POTW for review, inspection and monitoring of poten-
tial sources of problem discharges, development of
emergency procedures and resources.
Keywords; "Industrial waste treatment, "Accident pre-
vention, 'Water pollution control, Industrial accidents,
Manuals, Waste treatment, Hazardous materials, 'Ac-
cidental releases, 'Occupational safety and health,
'Hazardous materials spills, Water pollution abate-
ment, Emergency plan, Laws, Risk assessment, EPA
region X.
PB88-239223/HSU	PC A99/MF E14
Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste. Volume
1A through 1C, and Volume 2. Field Manual Physi-
cal/Chemical Methods (3rd Edition).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Sep 86,1748p* EPA/SW-846
Also available from Supt. of Docs, See also Second
Edition, PB87-120291.
The manual provides test procedures which may be
used to evaluate those properties of a solid waste
which determine whether the waste is a hazardous
waste within the definition of Section 3001 of the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act (PL 94-580).
These methods are approved for obtaining data to sat-
isfy the requirement of 40 CFR Part 261, Identification
and Listing of Hazardous Waste. Volume IA deals with
quality control, selection of appropriate test methods,
and analytical methods for metallic species. Volume IB
consists of methods for organic analytes. Volume IC
includes a variety of test methods for miscellaneous
analytes and properties for use in evaluating the waste
characteristics. Volume II deals with sample acquisi-
tion and includes quality control, sampling plan design
and implementation, and field sampling methods.
Keywords: 'Solid wastes, 'Sampling, "Tests, Manu-
als, Chemical analysis, Evaluation, Quality control,
Standards, Hazardous materials, Chemical composi-
tion, Ground water, Regulations, Organic compounds,
Corrosion tests, Ignition, Toxicity, Incinerators, "Envi-
ronmental monitoring, Land disposal, Toxic sub-
stances, Path of pollutants.
PB88-239959/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Investigation ol Volatile Organic Chemical Con-
tamination in Groundwater Near Rockton, Illinois.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Land Pollution Control.
S. Otto, G. Michaud, and J. Morse. Mar 88, 75p IEPA/
DLPC-87/014
Identifying a source of contamination based on sam-
pling results from drinking water and monitoring wells
can be confusing. Evaluations of groundwater sam-
pling can lead to conclusions that are seemingly con-
tradictory. The investigation notes key factors that may
be useful to those studying volatile organic chemical
(VOC) movement in sand and gravel outwash. Density
of the contaminants, depth of well screens, and the
varying hydraulic conductivities associated with heter-
ogenous sediments must be considered before inter-
preting the results of groundwater samples. In this
case, VOCs were detected in seventeen drinking
water wells in Blackhawk Subdivision near the village
of Rockton. The subdivision is located at the conflu-
ence of the ancestral Pecatonica and Rock River Bed-
rock Valleys which are filled with thick outwash depos-
its. Groundwater movement in this area is complex due
to the thickness and variety of sediments. The Illinois
Environmental Protection Agency conducted an inves-
tigation to dettermine the source area of the contami-
nation.
Keywords: "Water pollution, Ground water, Illinois,
Contaminants, Sampling, 'Organic wastes, Drinking
water, Water wells, Path of pollutants.
PB88-240247/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Summary of Emissions Associated with Sources
of Ethyl Chloride,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
G. L. Hume. Jun 88,125p EPA/450/3-88/005
The potential ambient health impact of ethyl chloride
emissions has been investigated. The document con-
tains information on the sources of ethyl chloride emis-
sions, estimates current emission levels, summarizes
production trends and ambient monitoring results. Re-
sults of the study provided inputs for the exposure and
risk assessment of ethyl chloride.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Chloroethanes,
Emission, 'Stationary sources, 'Toxic substances,
Risk assessment, Expanded plastics.
PB88-241187/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Review of the Air Quality Criteria for Ozone and
Other Photochemical Oxidants. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
22 Oct 86, 5p SAB/CASAC-87/001
See also PB87-142949.
The report documents the Committee's findings rela-
tive to its review of the Air Quality Criteria for Ozone
and other photochemical oxidants prepared by the
Agency's Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office. CASAC unanimously concluded that the docu-
ment represents a scientifically balanced and defensi-
ble presentation and interpretation of the scientific lit-
erature.
Keywords: 'Air quality, 'Ozone, Photochemical reac-
tions, Oxidants, Pollutants, Toxicology, 'Air pollution
standards, Ecosystems, Toxic substances.
PB88-241195/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Review of the Final Air Criteria Document for
Lead. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
28 Aug 86,4p SAB/CASAC-86/023
See also PB87-142378.
The report documents the Committee's findings rela-
tive to its review of the final Air Criteria Document for
Lead, and its 1986 Addendum which further evaluated
the recent research concerning the relationship be-
tween blood-lead and hypertension and the effects of
lead exposure on childhood growth and stature. The
Committee unanimously concluded that both docu-
ments represent a scientifically balanced and defensi-
ble summary of the current basis of the authors knowl-
edge of the health effects literature for the pollutant.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), 'Public health, Exposure,
Blood chemical analysis, Hypotention, Pollutants, 'Air
pollution standards, 'Toxic substances, 'Air quality,
Health effects.
PB88-241203/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Report of the Ecological Risk Assessment Review
Subcommittee: Review of the Office of Resesrch
and Development's Ecological Risk Assessment
Program. Final report.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
16 Jan 87,27p SAB/EC-87/017
The Ecological Risk Assessment Research Review
Subcommittee's major conclusion was that the overall
concept of ecological risk assessment developed in
the program is comprehensive, scientifically ambitious,
and sets forth a research direction for the long-term
(perhaps twenty years). In the short-term (five-year), it
is not achievable as planned, particularly because
some of the key elements (density-dependent popula-
tion, community and ecosystem mechanistic models)
are based on an incomplete understanding of the fun-
damental mechanisms. However, the research staff
have made a promising start in identifying some of the
major issues the program should address.
Keywords: "Ecology, "Toxicology, "Pollution, Re-
search management, Evaluation, Food chains, Deci-
sion making. Mathematical models, Populations,
Water pollution, "Risk assessment, "Environmental
Protection Agency, "Ecosystems, Environmental
transport, Aquatic ecosystems, Terrestrial ecosys-
tems, Environmental fate, Environmental monitoring,
"Toxic substances, Land pollution, Path of pollutants.
PB88-241211/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Alternate Concentration Limit Guidance: Final
Draft. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
24 Oct 86, 7p SAB/EEC-87/003
The Environmental Engineering Committee conducted
a preliminary review of the above document in March
1986, and identified obvious errors or omissions which
are explained in detail in its initial report. The Office of
Solid Waste asked the Committee to review the final
draft ACL guidance when it was ready for publications
in the Federal Register. The report represents the
Committee's review of the final draft which was found
to be well-written and technically sound.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Waste disposal, Ground
water, Plumes, Concentration(Composition), Surface
waters, 'Environmental Protection Agency, 'Resource
recovery acts, 'Water pollution control, 'Hazardous
wastes, 'Pollution regulations.
PB88-241229/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Recommendation on Lead Staff Paper. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
29 Aug 86,5p SAB/CASAC-86/024
In reviewing the second external review draft of the
Staff Paper for Lead, the Committee found the docu-
ment to be clear and appropriate. The Committee
makes a number of recommendations concerning im-
provements in the form and content of the document.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Reviews, 'Lead Inorganic
compounds, Lead poisoning, Sources, Exhaust emis-
sions, 'Air pollution abatement, 'Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Lead paint poisoning, Air quality.
PB88-241237/HSU	PC A02/MF A01,
Health Effects Information Relating to Particulate
Matter. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
2 Jan 86.4p SAB/CASAC-86/008
The Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC)
met on December 16-17, 1985 to hold a preliminary
discussion with EPA staff and members of the public
on health effects information relating to particulate
matter that has become available since the Commit-
tee's last official review of such data. The new scientif-
ic information includes: respiratory tract regional depo-
sition patterns: epidemiological studies of mortality
and morbidity effects associated with both short-term
and long-term particulate exposures; and health ef-
fects related to acid aerosols. The preliminary view is
that it does not require a fundamental alteration of the
structure of the proposed particulate standards at this
time or fundamentally change the authors understand-
ing of the mechanisms by which particulate exposures
affect public health. There is concern as to whether
the current proposed ranges of interest are as scientifi-
cally supportable as they were in November 1981
when they were last examined by CASAC.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Contaminants, Government
policies, Public health, Respiratory diseases, Regula-
tions, 'Particulates, 'Reference standards, Toxic sub.
stances, Health hazards.
PB88-241245/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Response to Request to Provide Assistance In
Establishing Emergency Criteria Applicable to
Elevated Indoor Radon Concentrations. Struc-
ture* Built on the Reading Prong. Final rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
5 Nov 85,6p SAB/RAC-86/005
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
On September 4,1985 Mr. Sheldon Mayers, the Acting
Director of the Agency's Office of Radiation Programs,
requested the assistance of the Science Advisory
Board in establishing emergency criteria applicable to
elevated indoor radon concentrations in structures
built on the Reading Prong. (1) Is a range of relative
risk coefficients of 1.2 to 2.8 percent a reasonable
range for the Agency to use in evaluating the risks as-
sociated with exposures at and above various alterna-
tive interim emergency action levels for the Reading
Prong. (2) Are there any special considerations that
should be taken into account in calculating the risks
associated with short-term exposures to radon decay
products versus lifetime exposures.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Dosage, Public health, Safety,
Exposure, Pennsylvania, Ionizing radiation, 'Indoor air
pollution, 'Risk assessment, Air pollution standards,
Confined environments, Pollution regulations.
PB86-241252/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Proposed Low-Laval Radioactive Waste Stand-
ards: Draft Background Information Document,
March 13, 1985. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
28 Oct 85,94p SAB / R AC-86/002
The Radiation Advisory Committee of the Science Ad-
visory Board reviewed the EPA's March 13,1985 draft
Background Information Document to accompany the
Agency's proposed standards on low-level radioactive
waste disposal. The Committee addressed eleven
issues associated with the draft document. The Radi-
ation Advisory Committee believes that the Back-
ground Information Document, on the whole, provides
a reasonable presentation of the potential sources and
risks associated with the disposal of low-level radioac-
tive wastes. There are, however, deficiencies in parts
of the document. To remedy these the Committee has
suggested extensive revisions, which should be made
before publication of the Background Information Doc-
ument.
Keywords: Methodology, Regulations, Standards,
Contaminants, Exposure, Hazardous materials. Radio-
active contaminants, 'Radioactive waste disposal,
•Risk assessment, 'Low-level radioactive wastes,
Toxic substances, Pollution regulations, Regulatory
guides.
PB88-241427/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Benzene Emissions from Coke By-Product Recov-
ery Plants: Background Information for Revised
Proposed Standards. Final draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jun 88,277p EPA/450/3-88/016B
See also PB84-176874. Errata sheet inserted.
National emission standards to control emissions of
benzene from new and existing coke by-product recov-
ery plants are being promulgated under Section 112 of
the Clean Air Act. The document contains summaries
of public comments, EPA responses, and a discussion
of differences between the proposed and revised pro-
posed standard.
Keywords: 'Chemical plants, 'Benzenes, 'Standards,
'Air pollution control, Coke, Coke oven gas, Hazard-
ous materials, Environmental impacts, Public health,
Byproducts, Materials recovery, Emission, 'Stationary
sources. National emission standards for hazardous
air pollutants, Reference materials, Risk assessment.
PBM-241492/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Summary of State VOC (Volatile Organic Com-
pound) Regulations. Volume 2. Group 3 CTQ (Con-
trol Technique Guidelines) and Greater Than 100
Ton Par Year Non-CTQ VOC Regulations,
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Durham, NC.
C. R. Clark, and K. R. Meardon. May 88,255p EPA/
450/2-88/004
Contract EPA-68-02-4393
See also PB85-249738. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
In April of 1985, EPA published Summary of State VOC
Regulations (EPA-450/2-85-003), which summarized
regulations for Group I. II, and III CTG's and > 100 tpy
non-CTG categories as of August 1, 1984. The docu-
ment updates and expands parts of that publication;
specifically it presents summaries of State and local
regulations for Group III CTG's and >100 tpy non-
CTG regulations. Information used to compile the doc-
ument was collected from all 10 EPA regions in early
1987.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Standards, Regula-
tions, Guidance, Emission, Ozone, State government,
'Volatile organic compound, Stationary sources.
PB88-241609/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Illinois Annual Air Quality Report, 1987.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Air Pollution Control.
Jun 88,109p IEPA/APC/88-022
See also report for 1986, PB88-117015.
The document summarizes ambient air quality meas-
urements obtained in Illinois during the calendar year
of 1987. The report discusses air quality data obtained
for each site; provides statistical summaries, details air
quality violations and provides trend data where avail-
able. Background Information is included concerning
sources of air pollutants, health effects, air quality
standards and ambient monitoring methodologies.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Illinois, Environmental sur-
veys, Monitors, Trends, Standards, Sources,
Tables(Data), Statistical data, Contaminants, 'Air
quality data, Air sampling, Air quality control regions,
Air pollution standards.
PB88-241732/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Citizen's Guide to Coastal Water Resource Man-
agement,
North Carolina Coastal Federation, Inc., Newport.
J. Kennedy, and T. Miller. 1988,92p
Also pub. as North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. Sea
Grant College Program rept. no. UNC/SG-88/05. Pre-
pared in cooperation with North Carolina State Univ. at
Raleigh. Sea Grant Coll. Program. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC., and
North Carolina Dept. of Natural Resources and Com-
munity Development, Raleigh.
Contents: Taking the initiative; Water quality stand-
ards; Coastal area management act; Dredge-and-fill
permits under Section 404; Sediment and erosion con-
trol; Other environmental laws; Nonregulatory ways to
help protect water resources.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Water resources,
'Coastal zone management, Instructions,
Law(Jurisprudence), Citizen participation. Licenses,
Land use, Standards, Nutrients, Law enforcement
Sediments, Drainage, Classifications, Dredging, Envi-
ronmental impacts, State government, National gov-
ernment, Sea Grant program, Storm water runoff, Wet-
lands.
PB88-241856/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Underground Storage Tanks.
Cleanup of Releases from Petroleum USTt (Un-
derground Storage Tanks): Selected Technol-
ogies,
Camp, Dresser and McKee, Inc., Boston, MA.
D. C. Noonan. Apr 88,120p EPA/530/UST-88/001
Contract EPA-68-01-7053
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Underground Storage
Tanks.
The handbook provides engineering-related informa-
tion on costs, efficiencies, and limitations of corrective
action technologies aimed at removing petroleum-re-
lated contaminants (principally associated with gaso-
line) from the subsurface. While many technologies
exist for the cleaning of soil, air, and water, only a limit-
ed number possess demonstrated performnce records
and have progressed to full-scale applications. The
handbook concentrates on those technologies that
have been widely applied.
Keywords: 'Underground storage, 'Subsurface drain-
age, Handbooks, Crude oil. Decontamination, 'Oil pol-
lirtion.
PB88-241864/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Near-Cylinder Dissociation of Methanol for Auto-
motive Application.
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
Jul 88,184p EPA/460/3-88/002
Contract EPA-88-03-1984
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Ann
Arbor, Ml. Emission Control Technology Div.
The report describes the design analyses and experi-
mental evaluation toward developing a system of dis-
sociating methanol for use in a spark-ignited passen-
ger car engine. Maximum dissociation of methanol fuel
attainable using exhaust gas heat was the basic goal
of the project. The heating value of dissociated metha-
nol is about 20 percent higher than that for liquid meth-
anol. Therefore, significant energy savings appear to
be attainable if a large percent of the engine fuel
needs can be dissociated by use of the otherwise
wasted heat of the exhaust gas. A heat exchanger
consisting of a methanol evaporator, an injection
system to provide fuel to the evaporator, and a disso-
ciation catalytic reactor was designed, fabricated, and
tested. The dissociation efficiency of the initial reactor
was not as good as expected. The relative poor per-
formance of the dissociation reactor apparently was
associated with fuel injector nozzle heating, blockage
of passageways in the dissociation reactor, and an in-
effective dissociation catalyst. The heat exchanger
was redesigned to incorporate improvements, and four
heat exchangers were fabricated using the final
design.
Keywords: 'Automobile fuels, 'Energy efficiency,
'Carbinols, Test engines, Motor vehicles, Automobile
engines, Heat of dissociation, Heat exchangers, Ex-
haust emissions, 'Methanol fuels, Fuel economy, Ex-
haust recirculation systems.
PB88-241872/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Emissions, Fuel Economy, and Performance of
Light-Duty CNG and Dual Fueled Vehicles. Techni-
cal rept..
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology and Applications Branch.
R. I. Bruetsch. Jun 88,43p EPA/AA/CTAB-88/05
The report describes the results of testing four motor
vehicles using compressed natural gas as a motor fuel.
Included in the report are the description of the test
program, the exhaust emission and fuel economy cal-
culations, test results.
Keywords: 'Automotive fuels, 'Natural gas, Motor ve-
hicles, Automotive engines, Exhaust emissions,
Tables(Data), Fuel economy, Exhaust gases, Fuel
substitution, Federal test procedure.
PB88-241914/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Light-Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel
Economy Trends through 1988. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology and Applications Branch.
R. M. Heavenrich, and J. D. Murrell. Jun 88,72p EPA/
AA/CTAB-88/07
The report examines trends in light-duty motor vehicle
fuel economy and technology usage for model years
1978 through 1988. Compansons with previous year's
data are made for the fleet as a whole and for a
number of cylinders, vehicle size class, inertia weight
class, and market segmet, includes domestic, Europe-
an, and Asian vehicles.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, Small engines, Trends,
'Fuel economy, Technology assessment, Technology
utilization, Exhaust gases, Light duty vehicles. Auto-
mobile exhaust, Federal test procedure.
PB88-242011/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effects of Cranking Speed and Finely Atomized
Fuel Delivery on Minimum Cold Starting Tempera-
ture of a Methanol-Fueled (M100) Vehicle. Techni-
cal rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology and Applications Branch.
D. M. Blair. May 88,30p EPA/AA/CTAB-88/04
A serious problem concerning the development of a
production model neat methanol-fueled (M100) vehi-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
cle is the inability to start such vehicles reliably at cold
temperatures. A 1981 Volkswagen Rabbit, modified to
operated on M100 fuel, was cold start tested at the
U.S. EPA's Motor Vehicle Emissions Laboratory from
March 13, 1987 to April 21, 1988. A starting system
which provided faster cranking speeds, was tested
alone and in combination with a manifold-mounted fuel
delivery system capable of generating methanol fuel
droplets at or below 5 microns in diameter. Start at-
tempts were also made using several modified ignition
systems, which provided higher energy spark, in com-
bination with faster cranking speed and atomized fuel
delivery systems.
Keywords: 'Automotive fuels, 'Carbinols, 'Automobile
engines, Test engines, Motor vehicles, Exhaust emis-
sions, 'Methanol fuels, Fuel economy, Fuel substitu-
tion.
PB88-242052/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Background Documentation for Minimum Content
Standards. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Golden, CO.
R. G. Hunt, and W. E. Franklin. 6 Mar 87,16p EPA/
530/SW-88/046
Contract EPA-68-01-7287
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The Guidance for Federal Procurement of Paper and
Paper Products Containing Recovered Material con-
tains a proposed set of recommended minimum con-
tent standards. These recommended minimum con-
tent standards are organized to form 5 paper catego-
ries based on similarity of fiber content. These include:
newsprint; high grade bleached printing and writing
papers; tissue products; unbleached packaging; and
recycled paper board.
Keywords: 'Guidance, 'Paper products, 'Standards,
Fibers, Materials recovery, Papers, Reference materi-
als.
PB88-242078/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las
Vegas, NV. Monitoring Systems Research and Devel-
opment Div.
Radiometric Method for the Determination of Ura-
nium In Soil and Air Single-Laboratory Evaluation
and Interlaboratory Collaborative Study. Rept. for
1 Apr 77-1 Oct 78
Mound Facility, Miamisburg, OH.
V. R. Casella, C. T. Bishop, and A. A. Glosby. Feb 80,
54p EPA/800/7-80/019
Supersedes EPA-600-7-80-019. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Monitoring and Support Lab., Las Vegas,
NV. Monitoring Systems Research and Development
Div.
Results of a single-laboratory evaluation and an inter-
laboratory collaborative study of a method for deter-
mining uranium isotopes in soil and air samples are
presented. The method is applicable to 10-gram soil
samples and to both glass fiber and polystyrene air
filter samples. Sample decomposition is accomplished
with a nitric-hydrofluoric acid dissolution. After a sol-
vent extraction step to remove most of the iron
present, the uranium is isolated by anion exchange
chromatography and electrodeposition. Alpha spec-
trometry is used to measure the uranium isotopes. Two
soil samples, a glass fiber air filter sample, and a poly-
styrene air filter sample were used to evaluate the
method for uranium concentrations ranging from a few
tenths to about one hundred disintegrations per minute
(dpm) per sample. Tracer recoveries for the single-lab-
oratory evaluation averaged 78 percent, while the
tracer recoveries for the collaborative study averaged
66 percent. Although the precision of the collaborative
study results did not approach counting statistics
errors, the measured uranium concentrations for these
samples agreed to within 5 percent of the reference
concentrations when the uranium concentration was
greater than one dpm per gram of soil or one dpm per
air filter.
Keywords: 'Uranium, 'Chemical analysis, Soil analy-
sis, Sampling, Radioactive isotopes, Air pollution moni-
toring, Radiation measurement, Radioactive contami-
nants.
1120 Vol. 90, NO. 24
PB88-2423S9/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Iso-
horone.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Mar 86,84p EPA/600/X-86/084
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Iso-
phorone was prepared support listings of hazardous
constituents of a wide range of waste streams under
Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act (RCRA) and to provide health-related limits
for emergency actions under Section 101 of the Com-
prehensive Environmental Response, Compensation
and Liability Act (CERCLA). Both published literature
and information obtained from Agency program office
files were evaluated as they pertained to potential
human health, aquatic life and environmental effects
of hazardous waste constituents. Quantitative esti-
mates have been presented provided sufficient data
are available. Isophorone has been evaluated as a car-
cinogen. The human carcinogen potency factor (q1 *)
for isophorone is .0041 /(mg/kg/day) for oral expo-
sure. The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value for isophor-
one is 1000.
Keywords: "Toxicity, 'Profiles, Cyclohexene com-
pounds, Hazardous materials, Exposure,
Concentration(Compositlon), Absorption(Biology),
Toxicology, Excretion, Metabolism, Standards, Ke-
tones, "Health effects, 'Environmental effects, 'Iso-
phorone, 'Toxic substances, Biological accumulation,
Phamacokinetics, Environmental fate, CAS 78-59-1,
Environmental transport, Human tolerances, Aquatic
organisms, Risk assessment, Cyclohexenone/tri-
methyl.
PB88-242367/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methyl Bromide.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 86,95p EPA/600/X-86/171
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methyl Bromide was prepared to support listings of
hazardous constituents of a wide range of waste
streams under Section 3001 of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide
health-related limits for emergency actions under Sec-
tion 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Quantitative estimates have been presented
provided sufficient data are available. Methyl bromide
has been determined to be a systemic toxicant. An Ac-
ceptable Daily Intake (ADI), for methyl bromide is
0.0014 mg/kg/day for oral exposure. The Reportable
Quantity (RQ) value for methyl bromide is 100.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Profiles, Bromine aliphatic com-
pounds, Hazardous materials, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Absorption(Biology),
Toxicology, Excretion, Metabolism, Standards,
'Health effects, 'Environmental effects, 'Methyl bro-
mide, 'Toxic substances, Biological accumulation,
Phamacokinetics, Environmental late, CAS 74-83-9,
Environmental transport, Human tolerances, Aquatic
organisms, Risk assessment, Methane/bromo.
PB88-242375/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ethyl
Methacrylate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 86,47p EPA/600/X-86/212
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ethyl
Methacrylate was prepared to support listings of haz-
ardous constituents of a wide range of waste streams
under Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide health-related
limits for emergency actions under Section 101 of the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensa-
tion and Liability Act (CERCLA). Both published litera-
ture and information obtained from Agency program
office files were evaluated as they pertained to poten-
tial human health, aquatic life ana environmental ef-
fects of hazardous waste constituents. Quantitative
estimates have been presented provided sufficient
data are available. Ethyl methacrylate has been deter-
mined to be a systemic toxicant. The amount of a
chemical to which humans can be exposed on a daily
basis over an extended period of time (usually a life-
time) without suffering a deleterious effect, for ethyl
methacrylate is 0.086 mg/kg/day for oral exposure.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Profiles, 'Methacrylates, Haz-
ardous	materials,	Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Absorption(Biology)!
Toxicology, Excretion, Metabolism, Standards, Car-
boxylic acid esters, 'Health effects, 'Environmental
effects, 'Ethyl methacrylate, 'Toxic substances. Bio-
logical accumulation, Phamacokinetics, Environmental
fate, CAS 97-63-2, Environmental transport, Human
tolerances, Aquatic organisms, Risk assessment, Pro-
panoic acid/methyl-(etnyl-ester).
PB88-242383/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Naphthalene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Aug 86,133p EPA/600/X-86/241
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Naphthalene was prepared to support listings of haz-
ardous constituents of a wide range of waste streams
under Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide health-related
limits for emergency actions under Section 101 of the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensa-
tion and Liability Act (CERCLA). Both published litera-
ture and information obtained from Agency program
office files were evaluated as they pertained to poten-
tial Naphthalene has been determined to be a system-
ic toxicant. The daily exposure to the human popula-
tion that is likely to be without appreciable risk of the
deleterious effect during a lifetime, for naphthalene is
0.40 mg/kg/day for oral exposure. The Reportable
Quantity (RQ) value for Naphthalene is 1000.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Profiles, 'Naphthalene, Hazard-
ous materials, Exposure, Concentration(Compoaition)
Absorption(Biology), Toxicology, Excretion, Metabo-
lism, Standards, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons,
'Health effects, 'Environmental effects, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Biological accumulation, Phamacokinetics,
Environmental fate, CAS 91-20-3, Environmental
transport, Human tolerances, Aquatic organisms. Risk
assessment.
PB88-242391/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Determination of Effective Porosity of Soli Materi-
als. Final rept.,
Iowa State Univ., Ames.
R. Horton, M. L. Thompson, and J. F. McBride. Aua 88.
131 p EPA/600/2-88/045
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The performance of a compacted soil liner is partly a
function of the porosity, where the transport of materi-
als through the liner occurs via the pore space. The
project studies the pore spaces of compacted soil ma-
terials to estimate the effective porosity, which is the
portion of the pore space where the most rapid trans-
port of leachate occurs. Pore space of three soil mate-
rials, till, loess, and paleosol, was studied. These anal-
yses provided cumulative porosity curves from which
the pore size distribution of soil samples were estimat-
ed. Theory was developed to estimate the effective
porosity of a compacted soil material based upon a
model of its pore size distribution and pore continuity
Comparisons between measured and predicted chlo-
ride travel times through compacted soil samples were
made in order to verify the estimated effective porosi-
ties. The estimated effective porosities are reasonable
because predicted chloride first breakthrough times
are similar to the measured first breakthrough times in
the soils studied. For these three soils predicted first
breakthrough times are 5 to 10 times earlier when ef-
fective porosity is used.
Keywords: 'Soil water, Soil compacting, Porosity Soil
properties, Leaching, Soil tests, 'Water pollution'con-
trol, Hazardous wastes, Path of pollutants, Envron.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-242426/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Criteria for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills (40
CFR Part 258). Subtitle 0 of Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act (RCRA). Location Restric-
tions (Subpart B). Draft rept.
NUS Corp., Rockville, MD.
Jul 88,148p EPA/530/SW-88/036
Contract EPA-68-01 -7310
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
In August 1988, the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency proposed Solid Waste Disposal Facilities Cri-
teria (40 CFR Part 258) for municipal solid waste land-
fills. The background document provides the technical
support for Subpart 'B' - Location Restrictions of Part
258. The document contains a discussion of the legis-
lative and regulatory background for understanding the
current status of Subtitle D. A discussion of other Fed-
eral laws, besides the Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act (RCRA), that impact the siting of municipal
waste landfills also is presented. The document also
presents detailed information on the revised location
restrictions. The location restrictions include the fol-
lowing: airport safety; floodplains; wetlands; fault
areas; seismic impact areas; and unstable areas.
Keywords: 'Regulations, Earth fills, Design criteria,
'Municipal solid wastes, 'Sanitary landfills, Solid
waste disposal, Hazardous waste sites, Solid Waste
Disposal Act.
PB88-242433/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Criteria for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills (40
CFR Part 258). Subtitle D of Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act (RCRA). Operating Criteria
(Subpart C). Draft rept.
NUS Corp., Rockville, MD.
Jul 88,108p EPA-530/SW-88/037
Contract EPA-68-01-7310
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
In August 1988, the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency proposed Solid Waste Disposal Facilities Cri-
teria (40 CFR Part 258) for municipal solid waste land-
fills The background document provides the technical
support for Subpart 'C' - Operating Criteria of Part 258.
The document contains a discussion of background in-
formation and provides detailed information on the re-
vised operating criteria. The revised operating criteria
include procedures for: (1) excluding the receipt of
hazardous waste; (2) cover material requirements; (3)
controlling disease vectors; (4) monitoring for explo-
sive gas; (5) complying with air criteria; (6) limiting
access; (7) controlling run-on and run-off; (8) protect-
ing surface waters; (9) restricting liquid wastes; and
(10) recordkeeping.
Keywords: 'Regulations, Earth fills, Design criteria,
'Municipal solid wastes, 'Sanitary landfills, Solid
waste management, Solid waste disposal, Solid Waste
Disposal Act.
PMS-242441/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Criteria for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills (40
Ota part 258). Subtitle 0 of Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act (RCRA). Summary of Data
nn Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Leachate Char-
aeterlstlM. Draft rept.
NUS Corp., Rockville, MD.
lulS8 144p EPA/530/SW-88/038
Contract EPA-68-01 -731 o
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
in Auaust 1988, the U.S. Environmental Protection
Aaoncvproposed Solid Waste Disposal Facilities Cri-
taSaf-M) CFR Part 258) for municipal solid waste land-
Ste. The background document is the basis for the de-
uelooinent of a portion of the Subtitle D criteria. The
document presents information on the character of
¦•achate from municipal solid waste landfills based on
72udv of existing leachate data. The purpose of the
dOOUinant was to: (1) investigate municipal solid waste
landfill leachate; (2) determine the constituents
present; (3) determine the concentrations of the con-
stituents present relative to human health and environ-
mental regulatory standards; and (4) evaluate the ef-
fects of Subtitle C hazardous waste regulations on
constituent concentrations in municipal solid waste
landfill leachate. The document describes the sources
of the data and its quality and presents the results of
the study.
Keywords: "Leaching, Earth fills, Tables(Data), Design
criteria, 'Municipal solid wastes, 'Sanitary landfills,
Solid waste disposal, Water pollution monitoring.
PB88-242458/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Criteria for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills (40
CFR Part 258). Subtitle D of Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act (RCRA). Updated Review
of Selected Provisions of State Solid Waste Regu-
lations. Draft rept.
NUS Corp., Rockville, MD.
Jul 88,71 p EPA/530/SW-88/039
Contract EPA-68-01 -7310
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
In August 1988, the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency proposed Solid Waste Disposal Facilities Cri-
teria (40 CFR Part 258) for municipal solid waste land-
fills. The background document is the basis for the de-
velopment of a portion of the Subtitle D criteria. The
document presents a review of selected provisions of
State solid waste regulations and analyzes the differ-
ences between the proposed criteria and current Stae
and Territorial solid waste regulations. The three spe-
cific criteria analyzed for in the document include: (1)
facility design (liners, leachate collection systems, and
final covers); (2) ground-water monitoring; and (3) cor-
rective action. The three aspects were compared to
State regulations to determine whether the State had
standards addressing these three areas, whether the
State has the regulatory ground work that would allow
the implementation or the development of the criteria.
Keywords: 'Regulations, Design criteria, Earth fills,
'Municipal solicf wastes, 'Solid waste management,
State programs, Solid waste disposal, Solid waste col-
lection systems.
PB88-242468/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Criteria for Municipal Solid Wast* Landfills (40
CFR Part 258). Subtitle D of R(source Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act (RCRA). Case Studies on
Qround-Water and Surface Water Contamination
from Municipal Solid Waste Landfills. Draft rept.
NUS Corp., Rockville, MD.
Jul 88,97p EPA/530/SW-88/040
Contract EPA-68-01-7310
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
In August 1988, the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency proposed Solid Waste Disposal Facilities Cri-
teria (40 CFR Part 258) for municipal solid waste land-
fills. The background document is the basis for the de-
velopment of a portion of the Subtitle D criteria. The
document presents information on case studies deal-
ing with ground-water and surface-water contamina-
tion from municipal solid waste landfills. The purpose
of the document was to identify and describe human
health and environmental impacts (excluding subsur-
face gas migration) that have resulted from the oper-
ation of municipal solid waste landfills and, where pos-
sible, determine what role the design, operation, and
location of the facility played in creating the problem.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, Ground water, Contami-
nation, Design criteria, Regulations, 'Municipal solid
wastes, 'Sanitary landfills, Surface water. Solid waste
disposal.
PB88-242474/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Criteria for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills (40
CFR Part 258). Subtitle D of Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act (RCRA). Closure/Post-Cio-
sure Care and Financial Responsibility Require-
ments (Subpart C, Sections 258.30 through
258.32). Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Jul 88,129p EPA/530/SW-88/041
In August 1988, the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency proposed Solid Waste Disposal Facilities Cri-
teria (40 CFR Part 258) for municipal solid waste land-
fills. The background document provides the technical
support for the closure, post- closure core and finan-
cial responsibility requirements. The requirements are
part of the operating requirements of Part 258. The
document contains a discussion of background infor-
mation and provides detailed information on the re-
vised closure, post-closure, and financial responsibility
requirements. The document addresses; (1) closure
and post-closure performance stand; (2) closure and
post-closure plans; (3) financial assurance criteria for
closure, post-closure and corrective action for known
releases; and (4) financial assurance mechanisms that
are available to owners or operators of municipal solid
waste landfills.
Keywords: 'Regulations, Economic models, Earth fills,
'Post closures, 'Municipal solid wastes,
*Fines(Charges), 'Sanitary landfills, Solid waste man-
agement, Solid waste disposal, Solid Waste Disposal
Act.
PB88-242482/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Criteria for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills (40
CFR Part 258). Subtitle D of Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act (RCRA). Design Criteria
(Subpart D). Draft rept.
NUS Corp., Rockville, MD.
Jul 88,114p EPA/530/SW-88/042
Contract EPA-68-01 -7310
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
In August 1988, the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency proposed Solid Waste Disposal Facilities Cri-
teria (40 CFR Part 258) for municipal solid waste land-
fills. The background document 'D' - Design Criteria of
Part 258. The document contains a discussion of back-
ground information leading to the development of the
categorical rule option, and provides detailed informa-
tion on the revised design criteria. The document dis-
cusses the general development of the design criteria
while specifically addressing the following items; the
various design options considered by the Agency, how
the design standard was selected and alternatives
considered, how location specific considered Ions are
involved in the design standard, and what methodolo-
gies are available for meeting the design performance
standard. The document also provides a discussion of
landfill designs, specifically addressing such items as
liners, leachate collection systems, and final covers.
Keywords: 'Regulations, Earth fills, Design criteria,
'Municipal solid wastes, 'Sanitary landfills, Solid
waste management, Solid waste disposal, Solid Waste
Disposal Act.
PB88-242490/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Criteria for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills (40
CFR Part 258). Subtitle D of Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act (RCRA). Qround-Water
Monitoring and Corrective Action (Subpart E).
Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Jul 88,184p EPA/530/SW-88/043
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
In August 1988, the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency proposed Solid Waste Disposal Facilities Cri-
teria (40 CFR Part 258) for municipal solid waste land-
fills. The background document provides the technical
support for Subpart 'E' - Ground-Water Monitoring and
Corrective Action. The document provides detailed in-
formation on the development and implementation of
the ground-water and corrective action requirements.
Options for the ground-water monitoring and correc-
tive action program are discussed and rationale ex-
plaining the Agency's decisions are presented. The
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
document discusses: (1) ground-water monitoring sys-
tems; (2) sampling and analytical requirements; (3)
monitoring requirements; (4) ground-water trigger
levels; (5) the corrective action program; (6) remedy
selection; and (7) implementation of corrective ac-
tions.
Keywords: 'Regulations, 'Groundwater, Design crite-
ria, 'Municipal solid wastes, 'Water pollution monitor-
ing, 'Sanitary landfills, Water pollution abatement.
PB88-242508/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Criteria for Classification of Solid Waste Disposal
Facilities and Practices (40 CFR Part 257). Subtitle
D of Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). Notification Requirements for Industrial
Solid Waste Disposal Facilities. Draft rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Aug 88,16p EPA/530/SW-88/044
In August 1988, The U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency proposed amendments to the existing 40 CFR
Part 257 Criteria for Classification of Solid Waste Dis-
posal Facilities and Practices. The Agency proposed
to require, in Part 257, a two-part reporting require-
ment for industrial solid waste disposal facilities and
construction/demolition waste landfills. The back-
ground document discusses the notification and expo-
sure information requirements for the above men-
tioned types of facilities.
Keywords: 'Regulations, 'Solid waste disposal, Solid
waste management, Waste transfer stations, Sanitary
landfills, Environmental Protection Agency, Solid
Waste Disposal Act.
PB88-242516/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Criteria for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills (40
CFR Part 258). Subtitle D of Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act (RCRA). Regulatory Impact
Analysis (RIA) of Proposed Revisions to Subtitle
D Criteria for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills.
Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Aug 88, 275p EPA/530/SW-88/045
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Temple, Barker and Sloane,
Inc., Lexington, MA., ICF, Inc., Washington, DC., Pope-
Fteid Associates, Inc., St. Paul, MN„ and American
Management Systems, Inc., Arlington, VA.
In August 1988, the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency proposed Solid Waste Disposal Facilities Cri-
teria (40 CFR Part 258) for municipal solid waste land-
fills. The background document presents the Regula-
tory Impact Analysis (RIA) that was prepared to evalu-
ate the Agency's proposed revisions to the Subtitle D
Criteria for municipal solid waste landfills. The RIA
evaluates the regulatory proposal relative to three al-
ternatives in terms of costs, economic impacts, im-
pacts on small entities, risk, and resource damage.
Keywords: 'Regulations, Earth fills, 'Environmental
impact assessments, 'Municipal solid wastes, 'Sani-
tary landfills, Solid waste management, Solid waste
disposal.
PB88-242524/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Procurement under Superfund Remedial Cooper-
ative Agreements.
Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., Bethesda, MD.
Jun 88,141p OSWER DIRECTIVE-9375.1-11
Contract EPA-68-01-7376
See also PB84-208784. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Emer-
gency and Remedial Response.
The document provides guidance on procuring serv-
ices during remedial response activities under the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensa-
tion, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), or Superfund,
as amended by the Superfund Amendments and Re-
authorization Act of 1986 (SARA). The topics covered
in the guidance include procurement requirements;
procurement of engineering services, including types
of services provided; procurement of construction con-
tractors; and subagreement administration.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Manuals, State
government, Regulations, Management planning, Law
enforcement, Guidance, Procurement, Architecture,
Contracts, Engineering costs, 'Superfund program,
'Engineering services, Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation, and Liability of 1980.
PB88-242532/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
VI.
Dallas Winter Visibility Study,
Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM.
W. Einfeld, S. Dattner, and K. Zimmermann. Jun 88,
87p SAND-88-1282, TTC-0807, EPA/906/2-88/001
Prepared in cooperation with Texas Air Control Board,
Austin. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Dallas, TX. Region VI.
The report summarizes the findings of a Dallas field
study during the December 1986 - March 1987 period.
The objectives of the study were to identify the nature
of winter visibility problems in Dallas, the constituents
responsible for visibility degradation, and the sources
of those visibility-reducing species. For the study
period, the report concludes that coal/lignite combus-
tion, vehicle operation, and wood combustion are the
most important sources of the winter visibility prob-
lems. Proportions of the visibility degradation due to
each source type are stated.
Keywords: 'Visibility, Air pollution, Exhaust gases,
Combustion products, Winter, Degradation, 'Air pollu-
tion monitoring, Dallas(T exas).
PB88-242565/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Field Evaluation of Sampling and Analysis for Or-
ganic Pollutants In Indoor Air,
Battelle Columbus Div., OH.
J. C. Chuang, G. A. Mack, J. W. Stockrahm, S. W.
Hannan, and C. Bridges. Aug 88,182p EPA/600/4-
88/028
Contract EPA-68-02-4127
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The objectives of the study were to determine the fea-
sibility of the use of newly developed indoor air sam-
plers in residential indoor air sampling and to evaluate
methodology for characterization of the concentra-
tions of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH),
PAH derivatives, and nicotine in residential air. Resi-
dential air sampling was conducted in Columbus, Ohio
during the winter of 1986/87. The PAH derivatives
were found at much lower levels than their parent
PAH. Higher average indoor levels of all but three
target compounds were found compared to outdoor
levels. The higher outdoor levels of these three com-
pounds (naphthalene dicarboxylic acid anhydride,
pyrene dicarboxylic acid anhydride, and 2-nitrofluor-
anthene) are probably due to atmospheric transforma-
tion. Cigarette smoking was identified as the most sig-
nificant contributor to indoor levels of PAH and PAH
derivatives. Homes with aas heating systems ap-
peared to have higher pollutant levels compared to
homes with electric heating systems.
Keywords: Sampling, Ohio, Aromatic hydrocarbons,
Field tests, Nicotine, Exposure, Toxicity, 'Indoor air
pollution, Organic solvents, Air samplers, Residential
buildings.
PB88-242573/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Hydrologlc-Hydrochemlcal Characterization of
Texas Gulf Coast Saline Formations Used for
Deep-Well Injection of Chemical Wastes. Final
rept. Jan 87-Jul 88,
Texas Univ. at Austin. Bureau of Economic Geology.
C. W. Kreitler, M. S. Akhter, and A. C. A. Donnelly. Aug
88,219p EPA/600/2-88/046
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
About 70 percent of the Class I injection wells in the
United States are located in the Gulf Coast. The report
presents the results of investigations into fluid migra-
tion potential, direction and velocities in the regional
hydrologic environment of the Texas Gulf Coast Terti-
ary formations, and geochemical interactions that may
be occurring. The study focused on the frio formation
as it is the target of a very large waste injection volume
as well as a large database of formation pressures and
water chemistry.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, Gulf Coast, Hydrology,
Hydrogeochemistry, Injection wells, Texas, Water pol-
lution, Path of pollutants, Liquid waste disposal.
PBB8-242807/HSU	PC AOB/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Heated Purge and Trap Method Development and
Testing,
Battelle Columbus Div., OH.
S. V. Lucas, and H. M. Burkholder. Aug 88,81p EPA/
600/4-88/029
Contract EPA-68-03-3224
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring and Support
Lab.-Cincinnati, OH.
The goal of the research was to develop a heated
purge and trap method that could be used in conjunc-
tion with SW-846 method 8240 for the analysis of vola-
tile, water soluble Appendix VIII analytes. The devel-
oped method was validated according to a partial
single laboratory method validation test to determine
its performance characteristics using mass spectro-
metric detection. A group of 33 polar analytes compris-
ing selected aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, ethers, ni-
trites, a thiol and 9 nitrogen bases were examined. The
eight compounds found suitable for analysis for heated
purge and trap were: acrolein, methacrylonitrile, acry-
lonitrite, acetonitrile, 2-butanone, 1,4-dioxane, isobu-
tanol and propionitrile.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, 'Water pollution, Ke-
tones, Mass spectroscopy, Gas chromatography.
Purging, Traps, Desorption, Equipment, Methodology,
Alcohols, Acrylonitride, Acroleins, Acetonitrile, Metha-
crylonitrile, Dioxanes, Organic nitrogen compounds,
Oxygen heterocyclic compounds, Butanols, Methyl
ethyl ketone, Aldehydes, 'Volatile organic com-
pounds, 'Water pollution detection, Propionitrile, Iso-
butyl alcohol.
PB88-242615/HSU
PC A09/MF A01
					 • ——	• w nwrmi
Fate and Effects of Pollutions on Aquatic Orga-
nisms and Ecosystems: Proceedings of USA-
USSR Symposium. Held in Athena, Georgia on Oc-
tober 19-21,1987,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
R. C. Ryans. May 88,193p EPA/600/9-88/001
The proceedings include reports of modeling: runoff of
substances from agricultural watersheds, lacustrine
systems, toxic pollutant risk of aquatic organisms, and
tributyltin exposure. Social and economic aspects of
water quality management are examined and an Inte-
grated system for controlling water use and conserva-
tion is discussed. Effects of ammonium ions on mineral
exchange in fish and ammonia distribution and excre-
tion by fish are examined. The first use of a uniform
toxicity test in both countries is described and a
system for remote monitoring of ecosystems is pre-
sented. Pesticide exposure is examined through
aquatic community studies and in studies of resistance
mechanisms in carp and perch. Buffer capacities of
freshwater ecosystems for metals is examined and the
relationship of trace metal body burdens and gill
damage in fish to surface water acidification form at-
mospheric deposition is explored.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Water pollution, Mathematics
models, Fishes, Water conservation, Toxicity, Tin or-
ganic compounds, Lakes, pH, Ammonia, Metabolism,
Exposure, Acid deposition, Metals, 'Environmental ef-
fects, 'Environmental fate, 'Toxic substances, 'Water
pollution control, Water pollution effects, Aquatic orga-
nisms, Aquatic ecosystems, Water quality manage-
ment, Agricultural runoff, Tin/tributyl, Pollution moni-
toring.
PB88-242849/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Review of the RCRA (Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act) Ground Water Monitoring Techni-
cal Enforcement Guidance Document Final rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
24 Jun 86,51 p SAB/EEC-86/007
See also PB87-107751.
The Committee was requested by the Office of Waste
Programs Enforcement (OWPE) to review its draft doo-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ument entitled 'RCRA Ground Water Monitoring Tech-
nical Enforcement Guidance Document' (TGED). The
document concerns the technical aspects of ground
water monitoring at Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act (RCRA) facilities. The Committee conclud-
ed that TEGD document that is reviewed was badly
needed and represented a good start for setting con-
sistent standards for establishing and evaluating
ground water monitoring efforts. The Committee con-
cluded that the majority of the TEGO is technically
sound, and it made a number of recommendations for
improvement that are Included in the report. The Com-
mittee also suggested that the Agency should empha-
size that the TEGD is neither a regulation nor an 'engi-
neering handbook', and that flexibility, highly trained
and experienced personnel, and professional judge-
ment should be used by both EPA and those imple-
menting ground water monitoring systems.
Keywords: 'Monitoring, 'Ground water, 'Water pollu-
tion abatement, Instructions, Experimental design,
Sampling. Sites, Observation wells, Hydrogeology,
Construction, Drilling, Earth fills, 'Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act.
PB88-242656/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comment* on Amendment* to the Safe Drinking
Water Act. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
4 Nov 85,4p SAB/EC-86/004
Both houses of the Congress have requested the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency's Science Advisory
Board's (SAB) early participation In the review of the
development of drinking water regulations and stand-
ards. Trie SAB will provide Its technical evaluation prior
to the proposal of maximum contaminant level (MCL)
goals and national primary drinking water regulations.
Keywords: 'Portable water, 'Water quality manage-
ment, Water pollution, 'Safe Drinking Water Act,
Drinking water, Environmental Protection Agency.
PB88-242664/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Review of EPA (Environmental Protection
Agency) Water Quality Based Approach Research
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
11 Dec 86,62p SAB/EC-87/011
As part of a series of Science Advisory Board ongoing
reviews on the ORD research program, the SAB re-
viewed a document entitled 'Reference Material for
SAB Review of Water Quality Based Approach for the
Control of Toxics - Freshwater'. The document was
prepared by four EPA laboratories that carry out re-
search in this particular program. The Subcommittee's
major conclusion was that methods for deriving water
duality criteria have undergone a steady evolution and
extensive scientific review. The scientific and regula-
tory communities have widely accepted the resulting
criteria. Additional Subcommittee recommendations
were directed at further strengthening the water quality
based approach, and integrating it with work related to
Other areas of toxic controls needing attention.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Reviews, 'Water pollution
control, Research projects, Fresh water, Guidelines,
Pesticides, Ecology, Chemical compounds, Hazardous
materials, 'Reference materials, Toxic substances,
Science Advisory Board.
P0M-242872/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Review of Report* on Landfilllng and Land Appli-
cation Alternatlvei to the Ocean DI*po*ai of
POTW Sludges. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
15jan87,18p SAB/EEC-87/013
In late 1985, the Environmental Engineering Commlt-
tae of the Science Advisory Board was asked by the
Office of Marine and Estuarine Protection (OMEP) to
review technical documents supporting revisions to
mm Agency's ocean dumping regulations. The two
main issues were: (1) technical justification for the dif-
ferent regulatory treatment of the disposal of dredged
materials: and (2) the consideration, in the ocean dis-
^..1 of publicly owned treatment works (POTW)
of both the need for ocean dumping and the
gp^jjjjgpMy and impacts of land-based alternatives. The
report deals with the second of these issues only. Spe-
cifically, the report presents the Science Advisory
Board review of the methodologies developed by
EPA's Office of Policy Planning and Evaluation (OPPE)
to analyze POTW sludge landfilling and land applica-
tion as alternatives to ocean disposal of POTW
sludges.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Oceans, 'Substitutes,
'Earth fills, Governmental policies, Regulations,
Waste disposal, Methodology, Dredging, Evaluation,
'Ocean dumping, Toxic substances, Regulatory
guides.
PB88-242680/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Creation of an Advisory Committee to Provide In-
dependent Review of Technical Adequacy of Risk
Assessments Before Granting EUP's tor Biotech-
nology Appllcationa. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
3 Mar 86,4pSAB/EC-86/014
The Science Advisory Board's (SAB) Biotechnology
Study Group and the Executive Committee assumed
that confidential business information (CBI) would con-
stitute a significant portion of the technical data sub-
mitted by Individuals and organizations seeking an
EPA permit, and that the number of permit petitions
would grow significantly in future years. Because the
SAB is a public advisory body whose members are not
generally cleared for CBI data, it is the Board's recom-
mendation that the new biotechnology scientific advi-
sory committee should be separate from the SAB. In
addition, where circumstances warrant, it would be
useful to have overlapping membership between the
committee and SAB.
Keywords: Government policies, Risk assessment,
'Confidential information, 'Biotechnology, Permit ap-
plications, US EPA, Organizational structure.
PB88-242698/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effect* of Water born* Radon: Review of a
Proposed Study. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
5 Sep 86.12p SAB/RAC-86/028
The Science Advisory Board's Radiation Advisory
Committee was requested to review the scientific merit
of a proposal to conduct an epidemiological study of
radon in indoor air. The Board accepted the request
and formed a Radioepidemiology Subcommittee which
responded to two overriding scientific issues: Can fur-
ther epidemiological study contribute to an under-
standing of the risks of lung cancer associated with
household exposures. The Subcommittee concludes
that scientific uncertainties in current epidemiological
studies (chiefly studies of uranium miners) could be
further reduced through direct investigations of the do-
mestic population. Is the proposed study under review
by the Office of Research and Development, entitled
Health Effects of Waterborne Radon, appropriately de-
signed to address the risk. For reasons cited in the at-
tached report, the Subcommittee concludes that it is
not appropriately designed.
Keywords: 'Research projects, 'Radon, Air pollution,
Ionizing radiation, Dosage, Exposure, Safety, Pulmo-
nary neoplasms, Houses, Water Pollution, Water
supiply, "Environmental research, 'Research design,
'Indoor air pollution, Confined environments.
PB88-242706/H8U	PC A02/MF A01
EPA'* (Environmental Protection Agency's) Draft
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Monochlor-
obenzene. Technical Comment* of the Halogenet-
ed Organic* Subcommittee. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
16 Jan 87,10p SAB/EHC-87/020
The Halogenated Oraanics Subcommittee evaluated
the animal evidence for carcinogencity of chloroben-
zene to be 'inadequate' under EPA's new guidelines
based on the lack of a statistically significant increase
in the incidence of tumors in female mice, male mice
and female rats, and on the basis of the perception of
a diminished biologic significance of reported malig-
nant neoplastic nodules of the liver in the highest
dose-treated male rats. The evidence would place
chlorobenzene into the overall weight-of-the-evidence
category D (not classified).
Keywords: Toxicity, 'Potable water, Biotransformation,
Carcinogens, Liver neoplasms, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Standards, Laboratory animals, Exposure,
'Toxic substances, 'Chlorobenzene, 'Health effects,
Water pollution control, Benzene/monochloro, Human
tolerances.
PB88-242714/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Radionuclide* In Drinking Water and Four Draft
Criteria Documents: Man-Made Radionuclide Oc-
currence, Uranium, Radium, Radon. Review of the
Office of Drinking Water's Assessment Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
27 Jul 87,20p SAB/RAC-87/035
The Radiation Advisory Committee of the Science Ad-
visory Board has completed its review of the Office of
Drinking Water's evaluation of radionuclides in drinking
water and four draft criteria documents that support
the evaluation, including Man-Made Radionuclide Oc-
currence, Radium, Radon and Uranium. The Commit-
tee addressed four issues: the weighting factors to be
used in effective dose equivalent calculations, the
chemical toxicity and radiotoxicity of uranium, the line-
arity of the dose-response curve for naturally occurring
radionuclides, and the appropriate use of the relative
and absolute risk models, the Subcommittee con-
cludes that the Office of Drinking Water has developed
scientifically comprehensive assessment documents.
Keywords: 'Water consumption, 'Radioactive iso-
topes, Methodology, Radon, Radium, Uranium, Eval-
uation, Radiation dosage, Risk, 'Drinking water, 'Ra-
dionuclides, Regulatory guides.
RB88-242722/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Review of the Office of Research and Develop-
ment'* Proposed Budget for Fiscal Year 1988.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
6 Mar 87, 39p SAB/EC-87/024
The scope of the Science Advisory Board's Research
and Development Budget Subcommittee's review ad-
dresses three major issues: (1) trends in the research
budget; (2) continuing core needs of EPA's research
program; and (3) comments on specific research pro-
grams in eight major areas air, radiation, water quality,
drinking water, pesticides/toxic substances, hazard-
ous wastes/Superfund, energy/acid rain and interdis-
ciplinary research.
Keywords: 'Environmental engineering, 'Budgeting,
'Research management, Research, Requirements,
Federal budgets, Air, Radiation, Water quality, Potable
water, Pesticides, Wastes, Tables(Data), 'Research
and development, Hazardous wastes, Toxic sub-
stances, Acid rain, Research programs, Environmental
Protection Agency.
PB88-242730/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Review of the Office of Research and Develop-
ment'* Proposed Budget for Fiscal Year 1987.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
14 Mar 86,32p SAB/EC-86/015
The Science Advisory Board believes that it can assist
the Congress in developing a more informed basis in
reaching budgetary decisions for the Environmental
Protection Agency's Office of Research and Develop-
ment. The view is based on a large number of EPA re-
search program evaluations that the SAB has conduct-
ed during the past several fiscal years, as well as to the
experience of individual SAB members in carrying out
or managing research, and their knowledge of EPA's
research efforts.
Keywords: 'Budgeting, 'Research management, 'En-
vironmental engineering, Quality assurance, Water
quality, Radiation, Ground water, Technology transfer,
Air pollution, Graph8(Charts), Tables(Data), Federal
budgets, 'Research and development. Radiofrequen-
cy radiation hazards, Research programs, Environ-
mental Protection Agency.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-242748/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Alternate Concentration Limit Guidance Together
with Two Case Studies Demonstrating That Guid-
ance. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
Mar 86,14p SAB/EEC-86/010
See also PB88-214267.
At the request of the Office of Solid Wastes (OSW), the
SAB's Environmental Engineering Committee re-
viewed a draft Agency guidance for the establishment
of Alternate Concentration Limits (ACL) for Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) facilities, and
two case studies demonstrating applications of the
guidance. The Committee identified only obvious tech-
nical errors or omissions which are explained in detail
in the report.
Keywords: "Water pollution, 'Hazardous materials,
'Solid waste disposal, Sanitary landfills, Guidance,
State government, Local government,
Concentration(Composition), Ground water, Toxicity,
Hydrogeology, Public health, Risk, Plumes, Identifying,
Regulations, Metals, Salinity, Chlorobenzenes, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Mathematical models, 'Case
studies, Path of pollutants, Benzene-dichloro, Ben-
zene-trichloro.
PB88-242755/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Ways In Which EPA (Environmental Protection
Agency) and the Environmental Health Committee
Can Enhance Their Efficiency In Reviewing Risk
Assessments. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
8 Apr 86,6p SAB/EHC-86/018
The report identifies areas in which the Environmental
Protection Agency and the Environmental Health
Committee of EPA's Science Advisory Board could en-
hance the efficiency of carrying out their joint responsi-
bilities. Areas targeted for study are reviewing risk as-
sessments and methods for planning scientific re-
views. The Committee's viewpoint and current con-
cerns are presented in the document.
Keywords: 'Public health, Safety, Government poli-
cies, Public administration, 'Risk assessment, 'Health
hazards, US EPA.
PB88-242771/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Ways In Which the Science Advisory Board (SAB)
and the Health Effects Institute (HEI) Can Work
Together. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
12 Aug 86,4p SAB/EC-86/027
The Science Advisory Board Executive Committee met
with The Health Effects Institute (HEI) at its July 10-11,
1986 meeting to discuss several issues of mutual inter-
est. Following the discussions a consensus was
reached on the following; (1) The Committee conclud-
ed that there was a need for a more systematic rela-
tionship between SAB and HEI, but both organizations
ought to continue to maintain their independence from
each other in the course of their mutual integration; (2)
A reasonable balance between independence and in-
tegration is for SAB to regularly invite WEI selected
representatives as observers to its reviews of EPA re-
search programs. Reciprocally HEI could periodically
brief SAB committees on its ongoing research pro-
gram.
Keywords: 'Public administration, 'Research needs,
Cooperative programs, Government agencies, Coordi-
nated research programs, Reviews.
PB88-242813/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Review of the NAAQS (National Ambient Air Qual-
ity Standards) for Particulate Matter Assessment
of Scientific and Technical Information. Final
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
See also PB82-177874.
The document is consistent in all signMcant•respects
•th the scientific evidonco presentsd ana intsrprQta-
Air Qu§y Criteria> Oocumen,
Particulate Matter/Sulfur Oxides and its 1986 Adden-
dum. The Committee believes that the document
should provide the kind and amount of technical guid-
ance that will be needed to make appropriate revisions
to the standards. Major conclusions and recommenda-
tions concerning the scientific issues and studies dis-
cussed in the Staff Paper Addendum are detailed in
the report.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Standards, Reviews, Assess-
ments, Aerosols,	Sulfur oxides,
Concentration(Composition), Air pollution, 'Air quality.
PB88-242847/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Review of ORD's (Office of Research and Devel-
opment's) Integrated Air Cancer Project. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
25 Feb 87,19p SAB/EC-87/023
The Agency has addressed the carcinogenic potency
of mixtures of materials in the ambient air which is a
critical step towards characterizing the exposure of
humans to a complex environment. The Integrated Air
Cancer Project was found to be scientifically well-
founded. The project represents a logical and appro-
priately innovative approach that can achieve its long-
range goals of addressing these complex environmen-
tal health issues. In addition, the project effectively ex-
ploits some of the research tools and results devel-
oped in the past decade and presents an example of
effective multi-laboratory research management within
the Agency.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Carcinogens, 'Mixtures,
'Toxicology, Research management, Bioassay, Muta-
gens, Evaluation, 'Air toxic substances, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Health effects, Environmental health, Air
pollution effects(Humans), Risk assessment, Environ-
mental Protection Agency.
PB88-242854/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Science Advisory Board's Initiation of a Series of
Scientific Reviews of Agency Research Programs.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
29 Aug 86,4p SAB/EC-86/029
The Science Advisory Board's (SAB) reviews of re-
search programs have focused both the Board's and
the Environmental Protection Agency's thinking on re-
search plans and needs to a degree never before
achieved through preparation and review of the Five
Year Research and Development'Plan (Research Out-
look). The Board believes that its extensive research
program reviews fulfill the spirit and intent of Congress
for SAB oversight of the Agency's research program.
Comments on specific issues in the five year plan have
also been addressed in individual research program
reviews.
Keywords: 'Research management, 'Research
projects, Planning, Reviews, 'Federal agencies, 'Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency.
PB88-242862/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Report of the Forest Effects Review Panel:
Review of the Agency's Forest Effects Research
Program. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
Nov 85,17p SAB/EC-86/006
The review panel examined the Agency's research
plan for forest dieback/decline at three different
levels: (1) organization of the research program; (2)
specific research designs and plans; and (3) integra-
tion of research results.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Research
projects, "Forestry, 'Plant growth, Reviews, Design
criteria, Assessments, Management planning, Mathe-
matical models, Ecosystems, Air pollution, 'Air pollu-
tion effects(Plants).
PB88-242920/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Motor Vehicle Tampering Survey-1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Field Operations and Support Div.
Aug 88,81 p
See also report for 1986, PB88-115084.
The Environmental Protection Agency conducted a
survey of 7,388 light-duty motor vehicles for tampering
with emissions control devices. All vehicles inspected
were classified into one of four mutually exclusive cat-
egories: tampered (at least one control device re-
moved or rendered inoperative), arguable tampered
(potential, but not clear tampering), malfunctioning,
and ok (all control devices present and apparently op-
erating properly). The results were: tampered 19%, ar-
guably tampered 12%, malfunctioning 3% and ok
67%. The survey also found that 7% of the unleaded
vehicles were subject to fuel switching (using leaded
gasoline in vehicles requiring unleaded fuel).
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Emission control device
deactivation, Inspection, Air pollution control equip-
ment, Surveys, Statistical data, Exhaust emissions,
'Light duty vehicles, Tampering.
PB88-242961/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation
(SITE) Program: Draft Strategy and Program Plan.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
Jun 86,8p SAB/EEC-86/017
See also report dated Dec 88, PB87-181939.
In October 1985 the Environmental Engineering Com-
mittee (EEC) expenditures were being made under Su-
perfund without an adequate technological data base
to support rehabilitation of both public and private haz-
ardous waste disposal sites. The Administrator re-
sponded to EEP's resolution and stated that he agreed
and noted that the Office of Research and Develop-
ment (ORD) and the Office of Emergency and Remedi-
al Response a strategy for a Superfund Innovation
Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program to address
some of the issues.
Keywords: 'Pollution, 'Waste disposal, 'Hazardous
materials, Containment, Sites, Contaminants, Technol-
ogy innovation, Government policies, Evaluation, 'En-
vironmental issues, Superfund, Land disposal, Super-
fund innovative technology.
PB88-243043/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Water Resources Data tor Colorado, Water Year
1987. Volume 1: Missouri River Basin, Arkansas
River Basin, and Rio Grande Basin. Water-data
rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 86-30 Sep 87,
Geological Survey, Lakewood, CO. Water Resources
Div.
R. C. Ugland, J. L. Ebling, and R. D. Steger. Jun 88,
419p USGS/WRD/HD-88/249, USGS/WDR/CO-87/
1
See also report for 1986, PB88-121371.
The report consists of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water discharge
records for 319 gaging stations, stage and contents of
24 lakes and reservoirs, 5 partial-record low-flow sta-
tions, peak flow information for 34 crest-stage partial
record stations, and 1 miscellaneous site; water quality
for 115 gaging stations, 117 miscellaneous sites, and
for 14 observation wells. Six pertinent stations In bor-
dering States also are included in the report The
records were collected and computed.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Colora-
do, Tables(Data), Steam flow, Flow rate, Lakes,
Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Missouri River, Ar-
kansas River, Rio Grande Basin, 'Water qualify data,
* Hydtologic data. Water levels, Discharge^watw),
PB88-243050/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Colorado, Water Year
1987. Volume 2: Colorado River Basin. Water-data
rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 86-30 Sep 87,
Geological Survey, Lakewood, CO. Water Resources
Div.
R. C. Ugland, R. G. Kretschman, E. A. Wilson, and J. D.
Bennett. Jun 88,405p USGS/WRD/HD-88/250.
USGS/WDR/CO-87/2
See also report for 1986, PB88-121389.
The report consists of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage, contents, ana water
quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and
water quality of wells and springs. The report (Volume*
1 and 2) contains discharge records for 31ft gaging
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
stations, stage and contents of 24 lakes and reser-
voirs, 5 partial-record low-flow stations, peak flow in-
formation for 34 crest-stage partial record stations,
and 1 miscellaneous site; water quality for 115 gaging
stations, 177 miscellaneous sites; and for 14 observa-
tion wells. Six pertinent stations in bordering States
also are included in the report. The records were col-
lected and computed.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Colora-
do, Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes,
Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Colorado River
Basin, 'Water quality data, 'Hydrologic data, Water
levels, Discharge(Water).
PB88-243191/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division, Standard Evaluation
Procedure: Product Chemistry,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
R. B. Perfetti. Jul 88,1 5p EPA/540/9-86/143
Detailed, stepwise procedures for the evaluation of
product chemistry data are provided. Topics on prod-
uct Identity and Composition (Guideline Reference
Numbers 61-1,2,3), Analysis and Certification of Prod-
uct Ingredients (Reference Numbers 62-1,2,3), Physi-
cal and Chemical Characteristics (Reference Numbers
63-2 thru 63-21) and Other Requirements (Reference
Number 64-1) are explained and important information
to be discussed is Identified. Special emphasis is
placed on the evaluation of Topics 61-1,2,3 and 62-
1,2,3 to assure that the occurence of any especially
toxic impurities in a product are examined in detail.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Hazardous materials, Pro-
files, Chemical properties, Evaluation, Manufacturing,
'Standard Evaluation Procedure, 'Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Hazard analysis.
PBM-243209/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division, Standard Evaluation
Procedure. Magnitude of the Residue: Processed
Food/Peed Studies,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
M. J. Nelson, and F. D. Griffith. Jul 88,21 p EPA/540/
9-86/145
The Standard Evaluation Procedure (SEP) is one of a
sat of guidance documents to aid EPA chemists in the
evaluation of scientific data submitted pursuant to es-
tablishment of pesticide and food/feed additive toler-
ances. Whenever there is a possibility that residues
levels in processed foods/feeds may exceed the
levels in the raw agricultural commodities from which
they are derived, processing data are required (40
CFR 158.125). The SEP explains in a detailed, step-
wise fashion how EPA data reviewers evaluate proc-
essed food/feed studies, and what type Information Is
taken into consideration in the review process.
Keywords: 'Agricultural products, 'Pesticides, 'Haz-
ardous materials, Food additives, Food processing,
Standards, Chemical analysis, Food analysis, Food
storage, 'Food contamination, Quality control, Feed-
ing stuffs, Evaluation, Residues, 'Standard Evaluation
Procedure, 'Environmental Protection Agency, 'Pesti-
cMe residues, Hazard analysis.
PM6-243217/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division, Standard Evaluation
Procedure: Residues In Meat, Milk, Poultry and
Eook Dermal Treatments,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
R. A. Loranger. Jul 88,17p EPA/540/9-88/092
The document describes how the Residue Chemistry
Branch reviews studies conducted by registrants to
determine residues of a pesticide in animal tissues,
mHk, and eggs following dermal treatment (spray, dip,
pour-on, etc!) of livestock. It informs the public and
registrants of what factors are considered in the review
process with respect to the handling of the animals,
the actual application of the pesticide, the collection
and storage of milk/egg/tissue samples, and the anal-
ysis of the latter for residues of the pesticide and its
toMIc metabolites.
Keywords: 'Pest control, 'Livestock, 'Poultry, 'Food
contamination, Evaluation, TolerancesfPhysiology),
Meat. Poultry, Milk, Eggs, Toxicity, 'Pesticide residues.
PB88-243225/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division, Standard Evaluation
Procedure: Directions for Use,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
A. Smith. Jul 88,12p EPA/540/9-86/144
Sequential detailed steps for the evaluation of use di-
rections for a chemical pesticide are covered under
the following topics: crops, pesticide application,
animal treatments, fumigations, aquatic uses, food
handling establishments, agricultural premises, and
use restrictions. Detailed steps are given such that the
reviewer can adequately assess the clarity, concise-
ness, and accuracy of the pesticide label.
Keywords: 'Utilization, 'Hazards, 'Pesticides, Labels,
Instructions, Soils, Farm crops, Water supply, Live-
stock, Effectiveness, Safety, Tolerances(Physiology),
Food preparation, Accuracy, Agriculture.
PB88-243233/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 19.1: Aldlcarb.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
22 Jun 88,9p EPA/540/FS-88/098
Supersedes PB87-108866.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred: (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard; (2) Issuance of each
special review document; (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern; (4) Registration of a new
chemical; or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, Insecticides, Acancides, Nemato-
cides, 'Toxic substances, 'Aldicarb, Path of pollut-
ants, Chemical information fact sheet, Use patterns,
Science findings, Propionaldehyde/methyl-(Meth-
ylthio).
PB88-243241/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Letter Concerning Superfund Expenditures. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
30 Oct 85,6p SAB/EEC-86/003
The Environmental Engineering Committee expresses
its concerns in a resolution about enormous expendi-
tures being made under Superfund without an ade-
quate technological data base to support rehabilitation
of both public and private hazardous waste disposal
sites. The Committee recommends using Superfund
monies for a comprehensive research and develop-
ment program.
Keywords: 'Research management, 'Hazardous ma-
terials, 'Waste disposal, Expenses, Cost effective-
ness, Constraints, Public health, Research programs,
Sites, Recommendations, 'Superfund, Chemicals,
Clean up.
PBM-243258/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Review of the Alternative Technologies Research
Program. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
18 Sep 86,19p SAB/EEC-86/025
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
As part of a process for reviewing Environmental Pro-
tection Agency (EPA) research programs, the Commit-
tee wae requested to conduct a review of the Alterna-
tive Technologies Research Program at the EPA Haz-
ardous Waste Engineering Research Laboratory
(HWERL) in Cincinnati. The broad review concentrat-
ed on the Program goals and progress in meeting
those goals, on the relevance and responsiveness to
needs of the Agency's regulatory programs, and on
the relationship of the Program to other research being
conducted In the Office of Research and development
(ORD), elsewhere In EPA and outside of EPA.
Keywords: 'Research management. Hazardous mate-
rials, Reviews, Research, Requirements, 'Solid waste
disposal, 'Solid waste management, Environmental
Protection Agency.
PB88-243266/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Scientific and Technological Achievement Awarda
(1985). Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
4 Mar 86,12p SAB/EC-86/019
See also report for 1986, PB88-243274.
The Subcommittee reviewed 92 papers nominated by
EPA's Office of Research and [Development for the
1985 Scientific and Technological Achievement
Awards; 24 were recommended for awards. The Sub-
committee's comments included general observations
about the nominations and the nomination process,
and repeated a suggestion made previously that would
permit a better evaluation of the Awards Program. The
suggestion involved the Impression of the Subcommit-
tee members that the number nominated from differ-
ent laboratories were very uneven and that the num-
bers may not reflect accurately the quality and quantity
of research.
Keywords; 'Awards, 'Research, 'Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, 'Environmental research, Listings.
PB88-243274/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Scientific and Technological Achievement Awarda
(1986). Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
6 Apr 87,16p SAB/EC-87/026
See also report for 1985, PB88-243266.
The Subcommittee reviewed 113 papers nominated by
EPA's Office of Research and Development for the
1986 Scientific and Technological Achievement
Awards; 34 were recommended for awards. The Sub-
committee noted that more papers were nominated for
awards this year (113 versus 92 in 1985), but a higher
percentage (30% versus 25%) of those nominated
have been recommended for an award. Papers in the
Control Technology category were judged worthy of an
award for the first time in several years.
Keywords: 'Awards, 'Research, 'Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, 'Environmental research, Listings.
PB88-243282/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
EPA's (Environmental Protection Agency') Risk
Assessment Methodology for Municipal Incinera-
tor Emissions: Key Findings and Conclusions.
Report of the Municipal Waste Combustion Sub-
committee Environmental Effects, Transport and
Fate Committee. Final report.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
Apr 87,29p SAB/EETFC-87/027
The report presents the findings of the Municipal
Waste Combustion Subcommittee of the Environmen-
tal Effects, Transport and Fate Committee of EPA's
Science Advisory Board's review of the draft docu-
ment 'Methodology for the Assessment of Health
Risks Associated with Multiple Pathway Exposure to
Municipal Waste Combustion Emissions' prepared by
the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards and
the Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
While the Committee found the overall methodology to
be conceptually thorough. It also identified areas
where technical improvements are needed. Since the
document will be used to develop a tool for assessing
multiple media exposures from waste combustions
emissions the Subcommittee outlined specific con-
cerns and recommendations.
Keywords: 'Incinerators, 'Emission, Methodology,
Site survey, Refuse disposal, Furnaces, Hazards, Ex-
posure, Public health, Air pollution, Airborne wastes,
Mathematical models, 'Health hazards, 'Risk assess-
ment, Waste processing.
PB88-243290/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Draft Health Assessment Document for Nickel,
1966. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
11 Jul 88,35p SAB/EHC-86/026
See also PB85-248383.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The current draft is clearer, more comprehensive, and
responsive to its earlier comments. Additional com-
ments were provided which should be incorporated in
the final document before its final publication, particu-
larly in the areas of speciation, pharmacokinetics and
choose of epidemiology data. The Committee also
concluded that the document appropriately character-
ized the current scientific literature on the carcinogen-
icity of nickel compounds.
Keywords: "Nickel, "Public health, "Environmental
surveys, Distribution, Toxicology, Assessments, Risk,
Physical properties, Chemical properties, Metals,
Cycles, Quantitative analysis, Environments, Epidemi-
ology, "Health risks, "Heavy metals, Path of pollutants,
Cancer.
PB88-243407/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Review of Technical Documents Supporting Pro-
posed Revisions to EPA (Environmental Protec-
tion Agency) Regulations lor the Disposal/Reuse
of Sewage Sludge under Section 405(d) of the
Clean Water Act Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
Jan 87,82p SAB/EEC-87/015
In August 1985 the Environmental Engineering Com-
mittee of the Science Advisory Board was asked by
'he Office of Water Regulations and Standards
(OWRS) to review technical documents supporting de-
velopment of EPA regulations for the disposal/reuse
of sewage sludge under Section 405(d) of the Clean
Water Act. The Committee was also asked by the
Office of Marine and Estuarine Protection (OMEP) to
review technical documents supporting revisions of
the EPA ocean dumping regulations. The Committee
chose to review the two sets of documents together,
since they both dealt with a common subject, and
since they shared, in some respects, a common meth-
odology. The report, however, covers only the review
of the OWRS documents, which consist of a set of risk
assessment methodologies (1,2,3,4) for four sludge
disposal/reuse options (landfilling, land application/
distribution and marketing, incineration, and ocean dis-
posal). The reviews of the OMEP documents are cov-
ered in separate Committee reports. The Committee's
principal findings are outlined.
Keywords: "Sludge disposal, Evaluation, Methodolo-
gy, Waste disposal, Earth fils, Oceans, Incinerators,
Mathematical models. Regulations, "Risk assessment.
Recycling, Regulatory guides, Clean Water Act Sec-
tion 405(d), Ocean dumping, Toxic substances, Waste
disposal, Land disposal.
PB88-243498/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Review of the Status of Dioxln Research In the
United State* Environmental Protection Agency:
Review of the Dioxln Research Review Subcom-
mittee of the Science Advisory Board. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
24 Jan 86,26p SAB/EC-86/011
The Science Advisory Board's Subcommittee re-
viewed the status of research being conducted to
assess and control the hazards posed by dioxin. High-
lights of the report include the Subcommittee's finding
that EPA has made substantial progress in a number
of areas in support of the Dioxin Strategy and that the
Agency needs to more carefully define and articulate
its heatth effects research role and capability with re-
spect to other Federal agencies.
Keywords: "Research management, "Dioxanes, Re-
search projects, Hazardous materials, Management,
Coordination, Air pollution, Regulations, Standards,
"Environmental research, "Dioxins, Research design,
Administration, Environment protection.
PB88-243506/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Review of EPA's (Environmental Protection Agen-
cy's) National Dioxin Study. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
19 Dec 86,16p SAB/EC-87/012
The report is a review by the Science Advisory Board
of EPA's draft National Dioxin Study. With revisions
that are identified in the report, the thoroughness of
the Study and duality of the data base are scientifically
supportable, given the understanding of current knowl-
edge. The four objectives of the study were: (1) to
assess 'the associated risks to humans and the envi-
ronment'; (2) a study of the extent of contamination;
(3) implementation of site clean-up efforts; and (4) the
evaluation of a variety of disposal and regulatory alter-
natives.
Keywords: "Research management, "Herbicides,
"Pollution, Assessments, Risk, Humans, Contamina-
tion, Sites, Chlorine organic compounds, Oxygen het-
erocyclic compounds, Exposure, Environments,
Fishes, Evaluation, Regulations, Waste disposal,
"Dioxin, Clean up.
PB88-243712/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Science Advisory Board Review of the Water
Quality Criteria Document for Dissolved Oxygen.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
Apr 86,28p SAB/ EETFC-86/020
See also PB86-208253.
The six major scientific issues to be assessed includ-
ing: the invertebrate problem; laboratory-field implica-
tions; additive stresses and chemical interactions;
growth rate reductions; oxygen criteria levels; and dis-
solved oxygen monitoring conditions. The document is
well-organized and researched. Logic and conclusions
are scientifically defensible.
Keywords: "Growth, "Oxygen, "Fresh water biology,
'Water pollution, Invertebrates, Aquatic animals,
Fishes, Exposure, Dissolved gases, Monitors, "Water
quality criteria.
PB88-243787/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Freeboard Determination and Management In
Hazardous Waste Surface Impoundments. Final
rept.,
Brown (K.W.) and Associates, Inc., College Station,
TX.
S. H. Johnson, and D. C. Anderson. Aug 88,103p*
EPA/600/2-88/015
Contract EPA-68-03-1816
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
A rule-of-thumb minimum freeboard requirement of
two feet (60 cm) has been used in the past for hazard-
ous waste surface impoundments. In many situations,
however, this minimum value may not be sufficient to
prevent overtopping. Consequently, a procedure was
developed for calculating freeboard values in surface
impoundments where the liquid depths are shallow
and the fetches are short, as is typical in hazardous
waste surface impoundments. The procedure takes
into account all of the parameters which influence
freeboard and presents the information in a format
which can be used on a site-specific basis. Additional
support information in the report includes an example
calculation of freeboard requirement, site specific data
obtained from research using a mass liquid balance,
and a listing of the various types of liquid level detec-
tion equipment.
Keywords: Solid waste disposal, "Surface impound-
ments, "Hazardous wastes, Hazardous waste sites,
Waste transfer stations, Solid waste collection sys-
tems, Ponds, Pollution control.
PB88-243611 /HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Evaluation of Hydrologic Models In the Design of
Stable Landfill Covers. Final rept Oct 83-Mar 87,
Los Alamos National Lab., NM.
F. J. Barnes, and J. C. Rodgers. Aug 88,159p EPA/
600/2-88/048
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The study evaluates the utility of two hydrologic
models in designing stable landfill cover systems. The
models evaluated were HELP (Hydrologic Evaluation
of Landfill Performance) and CREAMS (Chemicals,
Runoff, and Erosion from Agricultural Management
Systems). Studies of parameters for land disposal unit
design at several sites, assuming a variety of regionally
possible plant covers were earned out. Establishment
of a vegetative community consisting of a mix of native
plant species will result in the most stable cover that is
also the most efficient in removing water from the soil
profile.
Keywords: "Coverings, "Vegetation, "Earth fills.
Design criteria, Hydrology, Water balance, Soil pro-
files, Erosion control, Performance evaluation, Runoff
Mathematical models, Evapotranspiration!
Plants(Botany), Soil stabilization, Field tests!
Trees(Plants), Shrubs, Grasses, "Revegetation.
PB88-243837/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Hex-
achlorophene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Mar 86, 117p EPA/600/X-86/085
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Hex-
achlorophene was prepared to support listings of haz-
ardous constituents of a wide range of waste streams
under Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide health-related
limits for emergency actions under Section 101 of the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensa-
tion and Liability Act (CERCLA). Both published litera-
ture and information obtained from Agency program
office files were evaluated as they pertained to poten-
tial human health, aquatic life and environmental ef-
fects of hazardous waste constituents. Quantitative
estimates have been presented provided sufficient
data are available. Hexachlorophene was been deter-
mined to be a systemic toxicant. The amount of a
chemical to which humans can be exposed on a daily
basis over an extended period of time (usually a life-
time) without suffering a deleterious effect, for hexach-
lorophene is 0.001 mg/kg/day for oral exposure. The
Reportable Quantity (RQ) value for hexachlorophene
is 100.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Profiles, Chlorine aromatic com-
pounds, Hazardous materials, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Absorption(Biology),
Toxicology, Excretion, Metabolism, Standards, Phen-
ols, "Health effects, "Environmental effects, "Hexach-
lorophene, "Toxic substances, Biological accumula-
tion, Phamacokinetics, Environmental fate, CAS 70-
30-4, Environmental transport, Human tolerances,
Aquatic organisms, Risk assessment, Phenol/trich-
loro-methylenebis.
PB88-243845/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methyl Chloride.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun86,11 Op
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methyl Chloride was prepared to support listings of
hazardous constituents of a wide range of waste
streams under Section 3001 of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide
health-related limits for emergency actions under Sec-
tion 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse. Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Quantitative estimates have been presented
provided sufficient data are available. Methyl chloride
has been evaluated as a carcinogen. The human car-
cinogen potency factor (ql*) for methyl chloride is
.0126/(mg/kg/day) for oral exposure. The Reportable
Quantity (RQ) value for methyl chloride is 1000.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Profiles, "Chloromethanes, Haz-
ardous	materials,	Exposure
Concentration(Composition), AhsorptlnnfBi^—
Toxicology, Excretion, Metabolism, Standards!' Cruol
rine aliphatic compounds, "Health effects, "Environ-
mental effects, "Methyl chloride, "Toxic substances
Biological accumulation, Phamacokinetics, Environ-
mental fate, CAS 74-87-3, Environmental transport
Human tolerances, Aquatic organisms, Risk
ment, Methane/chloro.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PBM-243B52/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ma-
lononitrile.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 86,51p EPA/600/X-86/258
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ma-
lononitrile was prepared to support listings of hazard-
ous constituents of a wide range of waste streams
under Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide health-related
limits for emergency actions under Section 101 of the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensa-
tion and Liability Act (CERCLA). Both published litera-
ture and information obtained from Agency program
office files were evaluated as they pertained to poten-
tial human health, aquatic life and environmental ef-
fects of hazardous waste constituents. Quantitative
estimates have been presented, and sufficient data is
available, that is likely to be without appreciable risk of
deleterious effect during a lifetime, for malononitrile is
0.02 microgram/kg/day for oral exposure. The Report-
able Quantity (RQ) value for malononitrile is 100.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, "Profiles, Nitrogen organic com-
pounds, Hazardous materials, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Absorption(Bioiogy).
Toxicology, Excretion, Metabolism, Standards, Nitrites,
'Health effects, 'Environmental effects, 'Malononi-
trile, 'Toxic substances, Biological accumulation, Pha-
macokinetics, Environmental fate, CAS 109-77-3, En-
vironmental transport, Human tolerances, Aquatic or-
ganisms, Risk assessment, Propane dinitrile.
PB88-243860/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Health Hazard Evaluation of Waste Water Using
BJoassayt: Preliminary Concepts,
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN. Health and Safety Re-
search W/.
C E. Easterly, L. R. Glass, T. D. Jones, B. A. Owen,
and R. L. Schenley. Aug 88,118p EPA/600/1 -88/003
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Effluents from wastewater treatment facilities are dis-
charged as a complex mixture of numerous chemical
substances, which may include cytotoxic, carcinogenic
and mutagenic compounds. Historically, Federal and
State Agencies have relied upon chemical-based anal-
yses to set and enforce regulatory limits for these ef-
fluents. One problem with the approach Is that many
potentially hazardous chemicals may not be quantifi-
able in complex chemical effluents but are none the
less discharged into the environment. The U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency has recently established
a research program to determine if a bioassay ap-
proach for evaluating the potential adverse human
health effects from exposure to complex mixtures
might supplement conventional chemical analysis for
setting regulatory limits for wastewaters. The report
summarizes a bioassay testing strategy for character-
izing cytotoxic and mutagenic activity of various
wastewater effluents. The use of a relative potency
framework for assessing complex mixtures for poten-
tial health hazards is addressed.
Keywords: 'Bioassay, 'Waste water, 'Hazards,
'Public health, Evaluation, Tests, Mutagens, Cytology,
Toxicity. Carcinogens, Assessments. National govern-
ment, Law enforcement, State government.
PBM-243878/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Cerebellar Histogenesis In Rats Exposed to 2460
MHz Microwave Radiation,
Cheung Labs., Inc., Lanham-Seabrook, MD.
E N Albert. Aug 88,26p EPA/600/1-88/004
Contract EPA-68-02-4149
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Pregnant rate were either exposed or sham exposed
from day 13 of gestation until birth to 2460 MHz linear-
ly potanzed microwaves at 10 mW/sq cm. A third
matching group served as cage control. After birth, the
mm were kept with their mothers for 21 days without
any treatment, and at age 21 their brains were pre-
oarad for histological analysis. There was a statistically
Sonfflcant difference in the cerebellar area among the
three exposure groups. The differences was seen only
in the females and not in the males. Purkinje cell densi-
ty was not significantly different (P>0.05) among the
three exposure groups. However, Purkinje cell density
in the females was highest in the microwave exposed
rats and lowest in the cage controls. The differences in
the cerebellar area among the three groups may not
be attributed to microwave exposure but to some un-
identifiable factor which differentiated the cage con-
trols from both exposure groups.
Keywords: 'Pregnancy, 'Cerebellum, 'Fetal develop-
ment, Histology, Laboratory animals, Males, Females,
Tables(Data), Microwave radiobiology, 'Biological ra-
diation effects, 'Brain growth and development, Sex
factors, Purkinje cells.
PB88-243886/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Survey and Evaluation of Fine Bubble Dome and
Disc Diffuser Aeration Systems In North America.
Final rept. 1 Sep 82-1 Oct 83,
Houck (D.H.) Associates, Inc., Silver Spring, MD.
D. H. Houck. Aim 88,112p EPA/600/2-88/001
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The research project was undertaken with the overall
objective of better defining the oxygen transfer per-
formance, operation and maintenance (O and M) re-
quirements, and proper design approaches for ceram-
ic fine bubble dome and disc diffuser aeration systems
used in activated sludge wastewater treatment. A
study of dome and disc diffuser aeration systems in 19
North American activated sludge plants was carried
out during the project. All were municipal wastewater
treatment plants treating predominantly domestic
wastes, though some had significant industrial flows as
well. Data on design bases, influent and effluent
wastewater characteristics, aeration power and air
flow, and O and M experience were requested from
each plant. These were supplemented as needed by
on-site investigations and interviews that focused on
the practical operating experience of plant personnel.
Keywords: 'Diffusers, 'Aeration, 'Sewage treatment,
Activated sludge process, Oxygen, Reliability, Oper-
ations, Maintenance, Design criteria, Air flow, Age,
Surveys, Efficiency, Cost effectiveness, Tables(Data),
Photographs, 'Sewage treatment plants.
PB88-243961/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Setting Priorities: The Key to Nonpolnt Source
Control. Final rept.,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
R. P. Maas, M. D. Smolen, C. A. Jamieson, and A. C.
Weinberg. Jul 87,63p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Policy, Planning and Eval-
uation.
Guidance for states in setting up water quality pro-
grams. Recommendations ano procedures to focus re-
sources to limited areas to achieve visible water quality
improvements in a reasonable timeframe. Document
reviews priority setting for water resources, planning
and organization of watershed projects. Includes wa-
tershed-level targeting.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control. Water quality,
States(United States), Standards, 'Nonpoint sources,
'Water quality management, Environmental monitor-
ing.
PB88-243968/HSU
PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 3.2; Ethoprop.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Jun88, 13d EPA/540/FS-88/107
Supersedes PB87-11149Q. See also PB88-243877.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred: Issuance or reissuance
of a registration standard; Issuance of each special
review document; Registration of a significantly
changed use pattern; Registration of a new chemical;
or An immediate need for information to resolve con-
troversial issues relating to a specific chemical or use
pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, In-
secticides, Agricultural products, 'Toxic substances,
•Ethoprop, Chemical information fact sheet, Phos-
phorodithioate/(s-s-dipropyi)-ethyl.
PB88-243977/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstratlon of Pesticide
Products Containing Ethoprop as the Active In-
gredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jun 88,119p EPA/540/ RS-88/106
See also PB88-243969.
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of date requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicity, Phosphorus organic
compounds, Standards, Regulations, Metabolism,
Tests, Tolerances(Physiology), Marking, 'Ethoprop,
'Health effects, CAS 13138-48-4, Risk assessment,
Phosphorodithioic acid(O-ethyl-S.S-dipropylester),
'Environmental effects, Pesticide residues. Aquatic or-
ganisms.
PB88-244033/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Quick Indicator Testa to Characterize Bentonite
Type,
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Dept. of Civil and Environmental
Engineering.
R. M. McCandless, and A. Bodocsi. Aug 88,331 p
EPA/600/2-88/049
Contract EPA-68-03-3210
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
Ten commercially available bentonite products repre-
senting unaltered, polymer protected, and chemically
treated sodium bentonites were used in laboratory
testing. The purpose was to identify a quick, reliable,
cost-effective and field practical indicator test proce-
dure which permits: identification of bentonite type;
prediction of the hydraulic conductivity performance of
the bentonite under chemical or leachate attack, both
in pure form and when admixed with other soils for use
as slurry trench backfill. A total of eighteen test proce-
dures were applied to the bentonites in sluny or pow-
dered form for several bentonite concentrations, sev-
eral acetone concentrations, and three general hydra-
tion cases. Results demonstrate that the gel strength
and apparent viscosity tests may be used to distin-
guish between the specific unaltered, polymer protect-
ed or extended, and chemically treated bentonites
tested.
Keywords: 'Barriers, 'Hazardous materials, 'Benton-
ite, 'Slurries, 'Backfills, Field tests, Evaluation, Organ-
ic compounds, Ground water, Hydraulic conductivity,
identifying, Filters, Permeability, Acetone, Viscosity,
Cost effectiveness. Reliability, Graphs(Charts),
Tables(Data), Sodium bentonite.
PB88-244223/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Report of the Director of the Science Advisory
Board for Fiscal Year 1986. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
Oct 86,40p SAB-87/007
This is the Science Advisory Board's (SAB) first in a
series of SAB annual reports which is intended to
inform EPA, SAB members and consultants, and other
interested constituencies of the Boards; continuing ac-
tivities. In addition, the report represents an effort to
promote a better understanding of the Board's role in
decision making, and its efforts to provide scientific
advice.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'PERT, Scientists, Evaluation, Reviews,
Technology assessment, Regulations, Consultants,
•Environmental quality, "Environmental Protection
Agency.
PB88-244264/HSU
PC A02/MF A01
Review of 'Pollution Control Technology Re-
search and Development: Private Sector Incen-
tive* and the Federal Role In the Current Regula-
tory System'. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
Oct 85,10p SAB/EEC-86/013
The review was a part o< a continuing series of interac-
tions between the Director of Office of Environmental
Engineering and Technology (OEET) and the Commit-
tee, and reflects the Committee's continuinginterest in
the technology R and D program in EPA. The objec-
tives of the ICF report were: (1) to develop a conceptu-
al framework which can be used to determine what
amount of pollution control technology R and D is opti-
mal from society's perspective; (2) to identify any types
of pollution control technology R and D which are not
being carried out to a sufficient degree by the private
sector in the current regulatory system; (3) to pro-
posed ways that EPA can encourage or work to ensure
that more of that R and D is done.
Keywords: 'Research management, 'Air pollution
control, 'Water pollution control, Research projects,
Regulations, Concepts, Research program administra-
tion, Industries, Expenses, Economic factors, Social
effect, National government, Investments, 'Private
sector, Cost sharing.
PB88-244298/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Review of a Draft Addendum to the Health As-
sessment Document for Perchloroethylene. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
27 Jan 87,14p SAB/EHC-87/018
See also PB85-249704.
The Committee previously reviewed a draft Health As-
sessment Document on May 9-20, 1984 and an Ad-
dendum is desirable because of newly available data,
primarijy an inhalation bioassay of rodents by the Na-
tional Toxicology Program. The Subcommittee be-
neves it is reasonable to describe the weight of the epi-
demiological evidence in humans as conforming to the
EPA guideline for carcinogen risk assessment defini-
tion of inadequate. The Subcommittee concluded that
the animal evidence of carcinogenicity is limited be-
cause of positive results in only one strain of mouse of
a type of tumor that is common and difficult to inter-
pret-Therefore, the Subcommittee concluded that
perchloroethylene belongs In the overall weight-of-the-
evidence category C (possible human carcinogen).
Keywords: 'Toxicity, Chlorine organic compounds,
Toxicology, Hazardous materials, Exposure, Metabo-
lism, Carcinogens, Laboratory animals, 'Health ef-
fects, 'Ethylene/perchloro, Risk assessment, Phar-
macokinetics, Genotoxicity, 'Perchloroethylene,
'Toxic substances.
PB88-244389/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Review of EPA's (Environmental Protection Agen-
cy's) Draft Kanawha Valley Toxics Screening
Study. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
27 May 87,13p SAB/EC-87/031
The Subcommittee unanimously concluded that the
Kanawha Valley study represented an important com-
ponent of EPA's overall effort to develop methodologi-
cal to define public health and environmental priorities.
Studies such as this provide (1) valuable technical
challenges and experiences to EPA staff, particularly
to regional offices; and (2) provide a valuable means
for developing closer working relationships with state
and local officials and the general public. In general,
the Subcommittee viewed the Draft Kanawha valley
Toxics Screening Study as one step of a continuing
process to assess risks. The current study addresses
chronic health exposure to carcinogens which repre-
sent one of many public health concerns in the valley.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Kanawha Valley,
West Virginia, 'Air toxic substances, Toxic hazards,
Risk assessment, Hazard analysis, Air pollution
effects(Humans).
PB88-244447/HSU	PC A23/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Ohio/Kentucky /TV A (Tennessee Valley Authority)
Coal-Fired Utility S02 and NOx Control Retrofit
Study. Final rept. Oct 85-Sep 87,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
T. E. Emmel, S. D. Piccot, and B. A. Laseke. Aug 88,
531 p EPA/600/7-88/014
Contracts EPA-68-02-3994, EPA-68-02-3995
Prepared in cooperation with PEI Associates, Inc., Cin-
cinnati, OH. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lab.
The report documents initial results from an ongoing
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
(NAPAP) study. The objective is to significantly im-
prove engineering cost estimates for retrofit of the fol-
lowing control technologies at the 1980 'top 200' S02-
emitting coal-fired power plants in the 31 eastern
states: lime/limestone FGD, lime spray drying FGD,
coal switching and cleaning, furnace sorbent injection
with humidification (LIMB), duct sorbent injection, low-
NOx burners, overfire air, natural gas reburn, and se-
lective catalytic reduction. Retrofit cost factors and
costs were developed for 12 coal-fired power plants: 5
in Ohio and 7 in Kentucky and the TVA system (Ten-
nessee, parts of Alabama, and Kentucky). Activities in-
cluded: selecting plants with boilers representative of
the top 200 population; visitng plants and collecting
site-specific data.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Air pol-
lution control, 'Cost estimates, Electric power plants,
Combustion, Coal preparation, Cleaning, Drying, Coal
gasification, Boilers, Catalytic converters, dost effec-
tiveness, Evaluation, Surveys, Ohio, Kentucky, Ten-
nessee, Alabama, Graphs(Charts), Sites, 'Acid pre-
cipitation, 'Retrofits, 'Coal-fired power plants.
PB88-244454/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division, Standard Evaluation
Procedure: Specialty Applications. 1. Classifica-
tion of Seed Treatments and Treatment of Crops
Grown for Seed Use Only as Nonfood or Food
Uses. 2. Magnitude of the Residue: Postharvest
Fumigation of Crops and Processed Foods and
Feeds. 3. Magnitude of the Residue: Postharvest
Treatment (Except Fumigation) of Crops and
Processed Foods and Feeds,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
M. L. Loftus, and M. S. Metzger. Jul 88,33p EPA/540/
9-86/142
The Standard Evaluation Procedure (SEP) describes
the procedures used by EPA to evaluate residue stud-
ies on seed treatments, crops grown for seed, post-
harvest fumigation, and other post-harvest treatments.
First, the classification of seed treatments and treat-
ments of crops grown for seed as non-food or food use
is examined. Requirements for a treatment to be clas-
sified as a non-food use are described. Second, post-
harvest fumigation of crops and processed foods and
feeds is examined in detail. A description of important
parameters which should be considered in evaluation
of these studies is provided, as well as an Appendix
which lists these considerations and others. Finally,
post-harvest treatment (except fumigation) of crops
and processed foods and feeds is discussed.
Keywords: 'Agricultural products, 'Seeds, 'Pesti-
cides, 'Fumigation, 'Food processing, Standards,
Feeding stuffs, Evaluation, 'Standard Evaluation Pro-
cedure, 'Environmental Protection Agency, 'Pesticide
residues, Hazard analysis.
PB88-244678/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Assessing EPA's (Environmental Protection Agen-
Si'%) Biotechnology Research and Information
eeds. Report of the study Group on Biotechnol-
ogy. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
Jan 86,18p SAB/EC-86/009
The Study Group was requested to undertake a prelim-
inary evaluation of the Agency's existing research and
risk assessment capabilities organisms. The Group
concluded that although the Agency has increased its
research staff and initiated a research program in bio-
technology, a larger and broader program than that en-
visioned is needed by EPA decision makers. Evalua-
tion of environmental effects, in particular, is an issue
which should receive high priority by EPA. The Study
Group endorsed EPA's current regulatory approach
toward this developing industry.
Keywords: Regulations, Reviews, Research projects,
'Genetic engineering, 'Risk, Biotechnology, Environ-
mental issues.
PB88-244686/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Heavy-Duty Engine Testing Report-Correlation
Testing of GMC (General Motors Corporation)
5.7L/MVMA Engine. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Standards Development and Support Branch.
L. Jones. Jun 88,54p EPA/AA/SDSB-88/06
The correlation between the heavy-duty test facilities
of a manufacturer and the Environmental Protection
Agency Motor Vehicle Emission Laboratory (MVEL) is
of significant interest to both the manufacturer and
EPA. It is especially important from a regulatory stand-
point because of Selective Enforcement Audit (SEA)
testing requirements. Thus, EPA/MVEL conducted
testing on a Chevrolet heavy-duty gasoline fueled
engine with the intent of providing correlation data for
comparison with similar data developed by laborato-
ries which conduct SEA emissions tests for the manu-
facturers of heavy-duty gasoline (HDG) engines. The
round robin program was a joint effort on the part of
EPA/MVEL and the Motor Vehicle Manufacturers As-
sociation (MVMA).
Keywords: 'Gasoline engines, Performance tests,
Regulations, Environmental tests, Tables(Data), Ex-
haust emissions, Federal test procedure, Automobile
exhaust.
PB88-244728/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Review of Technical Documents Supporting Revi-
sions to the Portion of EPA (Environmental Pro-
tection Agency) Ocean Dumping Regulations Re-
lating to the Ocean Disposal of Dredged Materi-
als. Report of the Environmental Englneerina
Committee. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
14 Jan 87,19p SAB/EEC-87/014
Although the Committee is in agreement with the EPA
that there are significant differences in the properties
of most sewage sludge and dredged materials, signifi-
cant exceptions exist. Clearly defined, consistent, rig-
orous, and peer-reviewed procedures must exist to
identify these exceptions. The EPS Offto of Marine
and Estuarine Protection maintains that existing proce-
dures for evaluating dredged materials (under Part
227.13) are adequate; however, based on the docu-
ments provided to the Committee, a rigorous protocol
for identifying exceptions do not appear to exist
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal. Solid waste disposal
Procedures, Reviews, Regulations, Waste treatment!
'Ocean waste disposal, 'Dredge spoil.
PB88-244801/HSU
PC A03/MF A01
Dioxln Toxic Equivalency Methodology Subcom-
mittee Following Its Evaluation of EPA's (Environ-
mental Protection Agency's) Toxic Equivalencw
Factor Methodology for CDDs (Chlorinated Dt-
benzo-p-Dloxins) and CDFs (Chlorinated Dttwnao-
furans). Report of the Science Advisory Rnertt
Final rept.	*
Environmental Protection Agency, Washinoton. nr
Science Advisory Board.	'
4 Nov 86,12p SAB/EC-87/008
The Assistant Administrator for Air requested the Sci-
ence Advisory Board to review a draft document which
sets an approach for assessing the hazards of Chlorin-
ated dibenzo-p-dioxin (CDD) and dibenzofuran (CDF)
mixtures relative to the toxicity of the 2,3,7,8-tetrechlo-
ro-dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) isomer. The Subcommit-
tee concluded that the draft document represented ¦
successful interim attempt to articulate a scientific ra-
tionale and procedures for developing riak manaoe-
ment decisions for mixtures which contain CDDs emJ
CDFs related in structure and activity to TCDD
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Toxicity, Hazardous materials, Toxicology,
'Dibenzodioxin/tetrachloro, "Toxic substances,
'Health effects, 'Dibenzodioxin/perchloro, 'Dibenzo-
furan/perchloro, Risk assessment, Pharmacokinetics.
PB66-244819/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Radlofrequency Electromagnetic Fields and In-
duced Current* In the Spokane Washington Area,
June 29-July 3,1987,
Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas, NV.
R. A. Tell. Jun 88,84p EPA/520/6-88/008
EPA and the Federal Communications Commission
conducted a joint study of radiofrequency (RF) electro-
magnetic field levels and induced RF currents in the
Spokane area in June 1987. The location of several
AM towers in residential areas of southern Spokane
made this an advantageous location for the study and
allowed the collection of data on many different
sources at every measurement site. The study also in-
vestigated RF levels near TV and FM antennas in the
Spokane area. In order to refine broadband measure-
ment procedures, field perturbation by an individual
making a measurement and by conductive objects
were investigated, and two problems associated with
broadband measurement equipment, RF potential
sensitivity and nonsinusoidal response were demon-
strated.
Keywords: *Antennas, 'Electromagnetic radiation,
'Measurement, Electromagnetic fields, Radio frequen-
cies, Surveys, Washington, Spokane(Washington).
PB88-244827/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Sample Research Plans of the Office of Envlron-
mental Engineering and Technology. Report of
the Environmental Engineering Committee. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
14 Feb 86,10pSAB/EEC-86/012
The Committee reviewed the following EPA research
plans: (1) Hazardous Waste-Land Disposal; (2) Drink-
ing Water; and (3) Limestone Injection Multistage
Burner (LIMB), and applauds the EPA Office of Envi-
ronmental Engineering and Technology (OEET) for its
development of these and other five-year research
plans. The three are sensitive to the Agency program
offices' needs and will be helpful in describing the
present and future research of OEET to the program
offices and to the scientific and engineering communi-
ty.
Keywords: 'Rssearch projects, 'Project management,
'Reviews, Budgeting, Planning, 'Pollution control,
Hazardous materials, Waste disposal, Land disposal,
Drinking water, Air pollution control, Water pollution
control-
PBM-244884/HSU	PC A98/MF A01
peetlclde Data Submitters List by Chemical (11th
MMon, 1986),
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Aua88,1236p' EPA/540/9-88/108
Supereade* PB87-145405. Includes five sheets of 48X
reduction microfiche.
•nfe Pesticide Data Submitters List is a compilation of
names and addresses of registrants who wish to be
notified and offered compensation for use of their
data. The listing consists of two parts: (1) a sequential
M sorted by chemical code number and (2) an index
uthe chemical code arranged alphabetically by chem-
ical name. The Pesticide Data Submitters List is pub-
itahed once a year and in paper copy totals approxi-
mate^**
tfavwofds: 'Pesticides, 'Environmental surveys,
Tafeles
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-245642/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Review of the Office of Policy, Planning and Eval-
uation's Material Damage Assessment: Report of
the Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee
(CASAC). Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
30 Jun 87, 28p SAB/CASAC-87-033
The Material Damage Review Subcommittee of the
EPA Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee identified
in a report of the impact of acid deposition on building
materials, omissions, errors, and biases inherent in the
work, and attempts to account for a range of possible
alternatives by furnishing lower and upper damage es-
timates. In view of the uncertainties involved, especial-
ly in paint damage costs, the Subcommittee believes
that the total costs from acid deposition should not be
used in the Sulfur Oxides National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQS) rulemaking process. Neverthe-
less, the conceptual framework and procedures that
are used in the report do provide useful information
which should be considered.
Keywords: "Atmospheric corrosion, "Construction ma-
terials, Discoloration, Damage assessment, Economic
analysis, 'Air pollution effects(Materials), Acid rain.
PB88-245659/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Report of the Indoor Air Quality Research Review
Panel: Review of the Office of Research and De-
velopment's Plan for Determining Future Re-
search Needs on Indoor Air Pollution. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
5 Nov 86,22p SAB/EC-87-002
The Panel concluded that while the indoor air research
being conducted by the Environmental Protection
Agency was of high quality, the research taken as
whole did not constitute a 'program' in indoor air qual-
ity. The major recommendations include: eight general
conclusions and recommendations concerning current
research in indoor air quality.
Keywords: "Research management, "Air quality, Re-
search program administration, Recommendations,
Government policies, Assessments, Risk, Asbestos,
Toxicity, Bacteria, Organic compounds, Decision
making, Research needs, "Indoor air pollution, Chemi-
cals.
PB88-245733/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Investigation for 'Super-Sorbent' Commercial
Processing. Final rept. Oct 84-Dec 87,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
J. P. Gooch, R. Beittel, and E. B. Dismukes. Aug 88,
235p SORI-EAS-88-358, EPA/600/7-88/016
Contract EPA-68-02-4201
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report discusses making improved ('super-sor-
bent') calcium based sorbents commercially for EPA's
LIMB (Limestone Injection in Multistage Burners) proc-
ess for S02 removal from coal-fired utility boilers. Two
processes for making 'super-sorbents' were investi-
gated: (1) precalcinatlon of limestone to produce a
stable, isolable CaO sorbent with the ability to react
rapidly and extensively with S02; and (2) manufactur-
ing Ca(OH)2, in more reactive forms than are now
available commercially. Precalclnation seems to have
negligible commercial prospects, both technically and
economically. Modified hydrates, on the other hand,
received ma|or attention experimentally and is the pri-
mary focus of the report. Three ways to produce more
reactive hydrates were investigated, and two classes
of permanent additives were investigated: (1) surfac-
tants and dispersants; and (2) common sugar (su-
crose).
Keywords: "Sulfur dioxide, "Coal fired power plants,
Calcium hydroxides, Sorbents, Desulfurization, "Air
pollution control equipment, Air toxic substances, Air
pollution control, Air pollution abatement.
PB88-246741/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
1130 Vol. 90, No. 24
Fired Heaters: Nitrogen Oxides Emissions and
Controls. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
S. A. Shareef, C. L. Anderson, and L. E. Keller. Aug 88,
156p DCN-88-239-004-13-01, EPA/600/7-88/015
Contracts EPA-68-02-3994, EPA-68-02-4286
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of a study of nitrogen oxide
(NOx) emissions from, and controls for, fired heaters.
The petroleum refining and chemical manufacturing in-
dustries account for most of fired-heater energy use
with an estimated 4600 fired heaters in operation, in
these two industries. The report gives a brief descrip-
tion of the design and operation of fired heaters. De-
scriptions of the two major industries with fired heaters
and the various heater applications are presented. An
estimate is made of the growth in fired heater energy
demand and the number of new fired heaters to be
built in the next 5 years in these industries. The factors
affecting NOx emissions from fired heaters are dis-
cussed, and quantitative relationships are presented,
where available. Combustion modifications and flue
gas treatment controls for NOx emissions are de-
scribed. Low excess air (LEA) operation and low-NOx
burners are discussed in detail. Long-term continuous
NOx emissions data for 12 petroleum refinery heaters
are presented. Results of a regression model to pre-
dict the effect of stack oxygen level on NOx emissions
are used to evaluate LEA performance. The study also
presents capital and annualized costs for LEA and low-
NOx burner controls.
Keywords: "Nitrogen oxides, "Heating equipment, "Air
pollution control equipment, Exhaust gases, Atmos-
phere contamination control, Heating fuels, Petroleum
refining, Chemical industry, Industrial atmospheres,
"Heaters, Emission factors, Stationary sources.
PB88-245881/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH. Physical and Chemical Methods Branch.
Capillary Column GC-MS Determination of 77 Pur-
geable Organic Compounds In Two Simulated
Liquid Wastes,
Battelle Columbus Div., OH.
M. F. Yancey, R. A. Kornfeld, and J. S. Warner. Aug 88,
80p EPA/600/4-88/030
Contract EPA-68-03-3224
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring and Support
Lab.-Cincinnati, OH. Physical and Chemical Methods
Branch.
The suitability of purge-trap-desorb (PTD) procedures
for determination of 84 volatile organic compounds
with capillary column gas chromatograph (GC) and
mass spectrometry (MS) was evaluated. After collect-
ing GC-MS data not previously available for some ana-
lytes, 7 of the 84 compounds were eliminated from fur-
ther consideration because of poor purging efficiency
or analyte instability. For each of the remaining 77
compounds, the linear concentration range and detec-
tion limit were determined with data obtained by PTD
GC-MS analysis of spiked reagent water. The cnterion
was met over a concentration range of at least two
orders of magnitude for 56 of the 77 analytes, 1.5
orders of magnitude for 12 analytes, and 1 order of
magnitude for 6 analytes. The criterion was not met for
acetone, trichlorofluoromethane, and 2-chloro-1,3-bu-
tadiene. Method performance was assessed by ana-
lyzing eight replicate aliquots of two simulated liquid
waste samples (a municipal sewage sludge leachate
and water containing fulvic acid) containing analytes
spiked at two concentrations.
Keywords: "Water pollution detection, "Gas chroma-
tography,	"Mass	spectroscopy,
Concentration(Composition), Environmental monitor-
ing, Determination, Samples, Simulation, Effluents,
Water quality, Standard deviation, Volatile organic
compounds.
PB88-245907/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Evaluation of the B.E.S.T. (Trade Name) Solvent
Extraction Sludge Treatment Technology Twenty-
Four Hour Test,
Enviresponse, Inc., Livingston, NJ.
G. W. Sudell. Aug 88,1B6p EPA/600/2-88/051
Contract EPA-68-03-3255
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
A twenty-four hour sampling and analytical effort was
conducted on Resources Conservation Co.'s Solvent
Extraction Sludge Treatment Technology prototype
full-scale commercial facility while operating at the
General Refining Superfund site in Garden City, Geor-
gia. The site was contaminated with oily residues re-
sulting from waste oil re-refining and reclamation oper-
ations. The B.E.S.T.(tm) sludge treatment technology
was tested to determine its suitability as a transport-
able on-site treatment technology for spill and waste
site cleanups, with special potential for oily hazardous
waste materials. The process separates oily sludges
into their component oil, solids, and water fractions,
and conditions them for disposal or for further treat-
ment. The test data confirm the system's capability to
separate the sludges, often in efficiencies of over 98
percent. Comparison of laboratory simulation data to
field data indicate that laboratory-scale simulations
can be useful in predicting system performance. Fur-
ther testing is needed to confirm the system efficien-
cies and develop complete operating cost data.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, "Sludge, "Extraction,
Oils, Experimental data, Tests, Fluid waste.
PB88-245915/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Rate Controlling Processes and Enhancement
Strategies In Humldlflcatlon for Duct S02 Capture.
Final rept. Nov 86-Jul 87,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
D. K. Moyeda, G. H. Newton, J. F. La Fond, R. Payne,
and J. C. Kramlich. Aug 88,131p EPA/600/2-88/047
Contract EPA-68-02-3995
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab., and PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati,
The report gives results of an investigation of the fun-
damental rate processes that govern sulfur capture in
power plant ducts during humidification of flue gases.
The specific application was the reactivation of partial-
ly sulfated calcium-based sorbents from in-furnace in-
jection. The results suggest that physical contacting
between the spray water and the sorbent particles is
necessary to achieve significant reaction rates. Sever-
al ways to promote such contacting were investigated,
and a general approach to contacting was proposed.
These hypothetical predictions were tested in a subs-
cale rig using laser-based measurements. The reactiv-
ity of slurry drops was investigated in a dilute-phase re-
actor. The results indicate that calcium availability (i.e.,
dissolution into the liquid) and droplet lifetime were the
principal constraints on sulfur capture.
Keywords: "Electric power plants, 'Sulfur dioxide, Air
pollution control, Flue gases, Humidification, Sorbents,
Calcium, Gas dynamics. Kinetics, Chemical reactivity.
Ducts, Scrubbers, Stationary sources, Air pollution
control equipment.
PB88-245923/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Veaas
NV.	'
National Stream Survey: Phase 1 Field Operations
Report,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
C. A. Hagley, C. L. Mayer, and R. Hoenicke. 1988. 48d
EPA/600/4-88/023	K
Contracts EPA-68-03-3249, EPA-68-03-3050
See also PB88-170840. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The National Stream Survey was conducted during the
spring of 1986 as a synoptic chemical survey to char-
acterize streams in the mid-Atlantic and southeastern
regions of the United States which were thought to be
potentially susceptible to acidic deposition. The survey
included three distinct parts: a Phase I survey or
streams in the mid-Atlantic region; a Screening survey
designed to assess the need for future Phase f studies
in the United States; and an Episodes Pilot survey de-
signed to provide a preliminary assessment of the fre-
quency, duration, and characteristics of storm epi-
sodes in the mid-Atlantic states. The report describes
the survey planning, protocol development, personnel
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
of all three components of the National Stream
Survey. Because of the large scope and geographical
area covered by the survey, sampling regions were
subdivided into four areas, each containing approxi-
mately the same number of streams. Samples were
collected, shipped at 4 degrees C, and received within
24 hours by a central processing laboratory. Sampling
was completed on schedule, and 447 out of a total of
479 streams were sampled. A detailed evaluation of
episodes sampling is provided with recommendations
for future consideration.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Stream pollution, Surveys,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Storms, Sampling, Chemi-
cal properties, Lakes, Streams, Water chemistry, pH,
Neutralizing, Hydrology, Boundaries, Field tests, Lab-
oratories, Statistical analysis, Tables(Data), Qi
control, Midatlantic Region(United States).
Quality
PB88-245931/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Health Advisories for SO Pesticides (Including Aci-
fluorfen, Ametryn, Ammonium Sulfamate, Atra-
zine, Baygon, Bentazon, Bromacll, Butylate, Car-
baryl, Carboxln, Chloramben, Chlorothalonil,
Cyanazine, Dalapon, Dacthal, Olazlnon, Dlcamba,
1,3-Dlchloropropene, Dleldrln, Dlmethrln, Dlnoseb,
Dlphenamid, Dlsulfoton, Dluron, Endothall, Ethyl-
ene Thiourea, Fsnamlphos, Fluometuron, Fono-
(os, Glyphosate, Hexazinone, Malelc Hydrazlde,
liCPA, iMthomyl, Methyl Parathlon, Metolachlor,
Metribuzln, Paraquat, Plcloram, Prometon, Prona...
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Aug 88,861 p
Supersedes PB88-113543.
The documents summarize the health effects of 50
pesticides including: acifluorfen, ametryn, ammonium
sulfamate, atrazine, baygon, bentazon, bromacil, buty-
late, carbaryl, carboxin, chloramben, chlorothalonil,
cyanazine, dalapon, dacthal, diazinon, dicamba, 1,3-
dtchloropropene, dieldrin, dimethrin, dinoseb, diphena-
mid, disulfoton, diuron, endothall, ethylene thiourea,
fenamiphos. fluometuron, fonofos, glyphosate, hexa-
zinone, maleic hydrazide, MCPA, methomyl, methyl
parathion, metalachlor, metrlbuzin, paraquat, picloram,
orometon, pronamid, propachlor, propazine, propham,
Smazine, 2,4,5-T, tebuthiuron, terbacil, terbufos, and
trifluraiin. Topics discussed include: General Informa-
tion and Properties, Pharmokinetics, Health Effects In
Humans and Animals, Quantification of Toxicological
Effects, Other Criteria and Standards, Analytical Meth-
ods, and Treatment Technologies.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water quality, 'Toxicol-
ogy, 'Chemical compounds, Reviews, Physical prop-
erties, Reaction kinetics, Chemical properties, Industri-
al medicine, Water pollution, Public health, 'Drinking
water, 'Water pollution standards, * Environmental
health.
P0M-246964/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Report of the National Workshop on Instream Bi-
ological Monitoring and Criteria Held In Lincoln-
wood, Illinois on December 2-4,1987.
Cnrvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Aug 88,44p EPA/600/9-88/016
The purpose of the workshop was to assess the role of
biocriteria and information generated by ambient bio-
logical sampling in the State and Federal surface water
oroorams. The workshop was convened, in part, in re-
sponse to the Water Quality Act (WQA) of 1987, Sec.
303(c)(2)(B), which requires US EPA to develop crite-
ria based on biological assessment methods when nu-
merical criteria are not established for the priority pol-
lutants listed in Section 307(a) of the Clean Water Act
(CWA); and in part to bring together a nationwide
group of aquatic biologists and water resource manag-
ers who are presently developing and/or applying blo-
crtteria to protect or restore the Biological integrity of
the nation's waters. The report summarizes the recom-
mendations of the workshop and illustrates to regula-
tory agencies that biosurveys are an Important moni-
toring and evaluation tool.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Aquatic biology, 'Stream flow,
'Water pollution, 'Meetings, Assessments, Monitor-
ina. Surface waters, Fishes, Benthos, Invertebrates,
Haessay, Toxicity, Exposure, Tests, Standards, Na-
tional government, Instream flow, Water Quality Act of
1987, Chemicals.
PB88-245998/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Aluminum •
1988.
Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
L. T. Brooke, and C. E. Stephan. Aug 88,56p EPA/
440/5-86/008
The document provides a survey of literature related to
the toxicity of aluminum to aquatic organisms, and a
derivation of ambient water quality criteria for the pro-
tection of freshwater aquatic organisms. The criteria
are limited to a pH range between 6.5 and 9.0, and are
given as a four-day average concentration, which
should not exceed 87 microgram/L more than once in
three years on the average, and a one-hour average
concentration, which should not exceed 750 micro-
gram/ L more than once in three years, on the average.
Specific instructions are given on the implementation
of these criteria, with optional modification of the acid-
soluble analytical methodology. A complete bibliogra-
phy is included.
Keywords: 'Aluminum, 'Toxicity, 'Aquatic animals,
Standards, Fresh water fishes, Water pollution, Water
quality, Maximum permissible exposure.
PB88-246053/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Tasting the Validity of the Log normal Probability
Model: Computer Analysis of Carbon Monoxide
Data from U.S. Cities,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Monitoring and Technical Support.
W. R. Ott, D. T. Mage, and V. W. Randecker. Jun 79,
343p EPA/600/4-79/040
A stratified sample consisting of 11 data sets from an
original list of 166 CO air quality data sets in SAROAD
was selected as a 'national crossection' of observed
U.S. CO concentrations, along with a longitudinal
group of data sets from a single air monitoring station.
The adequacy of the 2-parameter lognormal probabili-
ty model (LN2) was tested using these data. A special-
purpose computer program was developed for calcu-
lating the parameters of the LN2 model using four dif-
ferent techniques: (1) direct 'method of moments'; (2)
Larsen's 'method of fractiles'; (3) 'maximum likelihood
estimation' (MLE) for grouped data using an MLE ap-
proximation technique; and (4) MLE for grouped data
using computer optimization.
Keywords: 'Carbon monoxide, Probability distribution
functions, Mathematical models, United States, Com-
puters, Tables(Data), 'Environmental monitoring, 'Air
quality data.
PB88-246079/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duiuth, MN.
Simplified Feeding Techniques for Culturlng and
Toxicity Testing with 'Cerlodaphnla',
Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton. Dept. of Bio-
logical Sciences.
R. E. Keen, and J. A. Spence. Aug 88,56p EPA/600/
3-88/033
Grant EPA-R-813070
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-Duiuth,
Food used for Ceriodaphnia dubia in culture and toxici-
ty testing should be uniform, adequate, and easily pre-
pared. Using as a control the current standard food,
YCTF, the authors tested a variety of foods made with
algal species singly and in combination, prepared with
several methods of freezing and freeze-drying. The
measure of food usefulness was a combination of sur-
vival and reproduction over a 7-day period. Foods
based on single algal species were not as useful as
those with a mix of species, and the easily used freeze-
dried foods were better than the frozen preparations.
Several commercial plankton foods, including yeast,
algae, microcapsules and microparticulates, failed to
support Ceriodaphnia adequately. In a separate series
of experiments, the authors tried freeze-dried YCTF
mixtures as a food. The preparation proved consistent-
ly capable of supporting good growth and reproduction
of Ceriodaphnia.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Daphnia, 'Diets, 'Growth, 'Cul-
ture media, Tests, Algae, Frozen foods, Mixtures,
Lipids, Fatty acids. Vitamins, Bacteria, Survival, Yeast.
Reproductlon(Biology), Food preparation, 'Ceriodaph-
nia dubia, Freeze-dned food.
PB88-246095/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Spray Combustion Studies of Surrogate Hazard-
ous Waste Incineration. Final rept. Apr 86-Mar 88,
California Univ., Davis. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
D. P. Y. Chang, M. K. Richards, and G. L. Huffman. Aug
88,58p EPA/600/2-88/050
Grant EPA-R-813333
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
Oversize droplets were produced in a turbulent flame
reactor (TFR) to simulate a condition of atomization
failure. A sampling method for simultaneous collection
of volatile and some semi-volatile compounds was de-
veloped and given an initial evaluation. The relative de-
struction efficiency (DE) of five chlorinated hydrocar-
bons (CHC) was determined for comparison with exist-
ing incinerability ranking methodologies and with
single droplet burning studies. The relative order of DE
from most to least difficult to destroy was determined
to be 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene > tetrachloroethene >
trichloroethene > 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane > 1-
chloropentane > heptane. The order is as predicted
by thermal stability or theoretical flame mode kinetics
under low oxygen conditions.
Keywords: Hazardous materials, Incinerators, Com-
bustion efficiency, 'Hazardous wastes, 'Incineration,
Solid waste disposal, Volatile organic compounds,
Products of incomplete combustion.
PB88-246111/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Exposure Measurement for Air Pollution Epidemi-
ology,
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
B. G. Ferris, J. H. Ware, and J. D. Spongier. Aug 88,
20p EPA/600/D-88/167
Grant EPA-R-811650
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The chapter describes the evolution of air pollution ep-
idemiology over a period when changes in pollution
technologies have both lowered total exposures and
dispersed them over vastly greater areas. Since per-
sonal exposure and microenvironmental measure-
ments are expensive, studies oriented toward meas-
urements of total exposure will be smaller and more in-
tensive. The shift in emphasis to total human exposure
also will affect health risk assessment and raise diffi-
cult issues in the regulatory domain. Considering that
outdoor exposures (for which EPA has a regulatory
mandate) occur in the context of exposures from other
sources, the potential effect of regulatory action would
probably be small. The regulatory issues are even
more difficult for particulate air pollution since cigarette
smoking is the strongest determinant of indoor levels
but the EPA lacks regulatory responsibility for cigarette
smoke.
Keywords: Regulations, Residential buildings, Epide-
miology, 'Indoor air pollution, Exposure, Dosage, Risk
assessment.
PB88-246145/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Background Document for First Third Wastes to
Support 40 CFR Part 268 Land Disposal Restric-
tions. Final Rule. First Third Waste volumes, Char-
acteristics, and Required and Available Treatment
Capacity.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Aug 88,230p EPA/530/SW-88/049
See also PB88-213368. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid
Waste.
The document was developed in support of the final
land disposed restriction rule for First Third wastes pro-
mulgated under the Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act (RCRA) (see 53 FR 31138, August 17,
1988). It includes estimates of the quantities of wastes
that will require alternative treatment or recovery prior
to land disposal and estimates of the availability of al-
ternative treatment and recovery capacity. Also includ-
ed is a reassessment of capacity analyses developed
by solvent and California List Halogenated Organic
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Compound (HOC) wastes covered by previous rule-
makings.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
'Earth fills, Halogen organic compounds, Contami-
nants, Sanitary landfills, Regulations, Requirements,
Waste treatment, Capacity, Estimates, Solvents, Land
Disposal Restriction Program, 40 CFR Part 268.
PB88-246178/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Phthalle Anhydride.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Aug 86,67p EPA/600/X-86/242
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Phthalic Anhydride was prepared to support listings of
hazardous constituents of a wide range of waste
streams under Section 3001 of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide
health-related limits for emergency actions under Sec-
tion 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Phthalic anhydride has been determined to
be a systemic toxicant. The daily exposure to the
human population (including sensitive subgroups) that
is likely to be without appreciable risk of deleterious
effect during a lifetime, for phthalic anhydride is 7.5
mg/kg/day for oral exposure. The Reportable Quantity
(RQ) value for phthalic anhydride is 1000.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Profiles, 'Phthalic anhydrice,
Hazardous	materials,	Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Absorption(Biology),
Toxicology, Standards, 'Health effects, 'Environmen-
tal effects, 'Toxic substances, Biological accumula-
tion, Phamacokinetics, Environmental fate, CAS 85-
44-9, Environmental transport, Human tolerances,
Aquatic organisms, Risk assessment.
PB88-246186/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Xy-
lene* (o-, m-, p-).
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Aug 86,198p EPA/600/X-86/216
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Xy-
lenes (o-, m-, p-) was prepared to support listings of
hazardous constituents of a wide range of waste
streams under Section 3001 of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide
health-related limits for emergency actions under Sec-
tion 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Xylenes has been determined to be a sys-
temic toxicant. The daily exposure to the human popu-
lation (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be
without appreciable risk of deleterious effect during a
lifetime, for xylenes is 1.8 mg/kg/day for oral expo-
sure.^ Reportable Quantity (RQ) value for xylenes
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Profiles, 'Xylenes, Hazardous
materials, Exposure, Concentration(Composition),
Absorption(Biology), Toxicology, Excretion, Metabo-
lism, Standards, 'Health effects, 'Environmental ef-
fects, Benzene/dimethyl, 'Toxic substances, Biologi-
cal accumulation, Phamacokinetics, Environmental
fate, CAS 95-47-6, CAS 106-42-3, Environmental
transport, Human tolerances, Aquatic organisms, Risk
assessment, CAS 108-38-3.
PB88-2467B0/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter and
Sulfur Oxide* (1986). Review of the Second Ad-
dendum. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
15 Dec 86, 6p SAB/CASAC-87/009
See also PB86-221249.
The 1986 Addendum, along with the 1982 Criteria
Document previously reviewed by CASAC, represent a
1132 Vol. 90, No. 24
scientifically balanced and defensible summary of the
scientific literature on these pollutants. CASAC re-
quested the review of the 1986 Addendum to the 1982
Air Quality Criteria Document on PM/SOx for the pur-
pose of updating the knowledge of recent scientific
studies and analyses. Key findings from earlier docu-
ments are summarized which provide a reasonably
complete summary of newly available information con-
cerning particulate matter and sulfur oxides, with major
emphasis on evaluation of human health studies pub-
lished since 1981.
Keywords: 'Sulfur oxides, 'Particles, 'Public health,
"Air pollution, 'Toxicology, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition). Sources, Epidemiology,
Respiratory diseases, *Air quality, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), Inhalation, Health hazards.
PB88-246806/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Permit Writers Guidance Manual for the Location
of Hazardous Waste Land Treatment, Storage and
Disposal Facilities. Phase 2. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
Jun 86,17p SAB/EEC-86/016
See also PB86-125580.
The guidance was prepared by the Office of Solid
Waste (OSW) in response to a requirement in Section
3004 (o) (7) of RCRA, which requires the Agency to
publish 'guidance criteria' for identifying areas of vul-
nerable hydrogeology and to promulgate regulations
specifying criteria for the acceptable location of new
and existing RCRA facilities.
Keywords: 'Licenses, 'Hazardous materials, 'Guide-
lines, 'Regulations, 'Water pollution control, Hydro-
geology, Criteria, Solid waste disposal, Sites, Ground
water, Reviews, Exposure, Soil analysis, Potable
water, 'Risk assessment, 'Environmental transport,
'Land disposal, Path of pollutants, Time of travel con-
cept.
PB88-247184/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Conversion of Methanol-Fueled 16-Valve, 4-Cylln-
der Engine to Operation on Gaseous H2/CO Fuel.
Interim Report technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology and Applications Branch.
Jun 88,20p EPA/AA/CT AB-88/06
Methanol may be catalytically decomposed to hydro-
gen and carbon monoxide (H2/CO) gas. This gaseous
mixture may be an ideal cold start assist for an M100-
fueled engine as well as serving to increase the ther-
mal efficiency of the engine during transient operation.
The work described in this interim report concerns the
conversion of a 16-valve 4-cylinder light-duty engine to
operation on a mixture of H2/CO gaseous fuel. This
engine will be evaluated on emission level and lean
limit operation criteria for two fuels: H2/CO gas and
M100 neat methanol. Modifications to the engine to
accommodate the gaseous fuel are discussed and a
description of the specially constructed fueling system
is provided. The emissions measurement system con-
structed for the test cell is also discussed.
Keywords: 'Carbinols, 'Fuel systems, Test engines,
Exhaust gases, Tests, Fuels, Evaluation, Methanols,
Cold weather starting.
PB88-247226/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Review of EPA's (Environmental Protection Agen-
cy's) Assessment of the Risk* of Stratospheric
Modification. Review of the Stratospheric Ozone
Subcommittee of the Science Advisory Board.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisoiy Board.
Mar 87,34p SAB/EC-87/025
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Subcommittee concluded that EPA's draft docu-
ment represents an extensive effort to develop an inte-
grated risk assessment based upon currently available
scientific information to ascertain the potential threat
to the stratosphere posed by a continued growth
world-wide of emissions of chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs)
compounds. The Subcommittee generally finds that
EPA has done a commendable job of assembling the
relevant scientific information in the body of the docu-
ment. The Subcommittee has provided many specific
recommendations for improving the treatment of par-
ticular scientific issues and characterizing scientific un-
certainties which are detailed in the report.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Stratosphere, 'Fluorohydrocar-
bons, Reviews, Threat assessment, 'Risk assess-
ment, Air pollution abatement.
PB88-247242/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Review of Research In Support of Extrapolation
Models by EPA's (Environmental Protection Agen-
cy's) Office of Reeearch and Development. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
May 87, 55p SAB/EC-87/030
The report's major finding is that there is no overall,
conceptually integrated Environmental Projection
Agency (EPA) research program on extrapolation
modeling, but a conglomeration of investigator-initiat-
ed projects, many of which are commendable in their
design and implementation. The major recommenda-
tion is that EPA should develop a comprehensive plan
for an extrapolation models research program that
should: articulate an overall conceptual objective to-
wards which individual projects would aim; enhance
EPA's risk assessment-risk management philosophy;
develop a framework that promotes more planning and
resource stability in support of the research; provide a
common nomenclature; improve communication
among the Agency's organizational components; and
explain to the nonscientist how the research on ex-
trapolation models supports the Agency's regulatory
decisions.
Keywords: 'Extrapolation, 'Models, 'Research
projects, Research management, Toxicology, 'Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Risk management.
Public health, Environmental health.
PB88-247473/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Review of 37 Office of Drinking Water Health
Advisories. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
24 Oct 86,123p SAB/EHC-87/004
See also PB86-118338.
The EPA Environmental Health Committee has re-
viewed 37 health advisories for drinking water. Each of
three subcommittees prepared general comments aa
well as specific comments on specific substances as
follows: acrylamide, benzene, p-dioxane, ethylben-
zene, ethylene glycol, hexane, legionella, methyiethyi-
ketone, styrene, toluene, exylene, arsenic, barium,
cadmium, cyanide, lead, mercury, nickel, nitrate/nitrite,
carbon, tetrachloride, chlorobenzene, dichloroben-
zene, 1,2-dichloroethane, cis and trans 1-2-dichtor-
oethylene, 1.1-dichloroethylene, dichloromethana,
dichloropropane, dioxin epichlorohydrin, hexachloro-
benzene, polychlorinated biphenyle, tetrachloroethy-
lene, 1,1,2-trichloroethylene, 1,1 -trichloroethylene,
and vinyl chloride.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Organic compounds.
Toxicity, Water quality, 'Drinking water, Toxic hazards.
Public health.	^
PB8S-248232/HSU	PC A02/MF AOI
Review of the Revised Plan for the Idaho Radio-
nuclide Exposure Study. Final rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC.
Science Advisory Board.
9 Oct 87,4p SAB/RAC-88/001
See also DE88-002573.
The current version of the study plan is of sufficient
quality and detail to achieve the study's objective. The
conclusion of the committee is due primarily to
changes in approaches to sampling and measurement
of radionuclides, enhanced use of existing data, and
improved use of meteorological information.
Keywords: 'Radioactive isotopes, 'Exposure, 'Idaho.
Research management, Polonium 210, Radiation
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PBM-248638/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Review of the Office of Research and Develop-
ment'* Land Disposal Research Program. Final
rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
9 Oct 87,23p SAB/EEC-88/003
The Environmental Engineering Committee made the
following technical recommendations to the Environ-
mental Protection Agency based on its review of the
current Land Disposal Research Program: Pollutant
characterization projects should, in particular, be con-
ducted for large volume wastes and leachates, munici-
pal solid waste and leachates, and incinerator ashes
and leachates. EPA should pursue field-scale, long-
term research to obtain a fuller technical understand-
ing of the performance of cover and liner systems. The
emphasis on land disposal closure and post-closure
operations and monitoring should be increased be-
cause many land disposal facilities recently have been
closed and others will be closed.
Keywords: 'Research projects, 'Earthfills, Recom-
mendations, Research program administration, Haz-
ardous materials, Volume, Municipalities, Linings, Clo-
sures, 'Land disposal, Leachates.
PB88-248752/HSU	PC A11 /MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Selection Criteria for Mathematical Model* Used
(n Exposure Assessments: Ground-Water Models,
ICF Northwest, Richland, WA.
F Bond, and S. Hwang. May 88,242p EPA/600/8-88/
075
Contract EPA-68-01 -6939
See also PB88-139928. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment.
Prior to the issuance of the Guidelines for Estimating
Exposures in 1986, the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) published proposed guidelines in the
Federal Register for public review and comment. The
purpose of the guidelines is to provide a general ap-
proach and framework for carrying out human and
nonhuman exposure assessments 7or specific pollut-
ants. The purpose of the document is to present crite-
ria that provide a means for selecting the most appro-
priate mathematical model(s) for conducting an expo-
sure assessment related to ground-water contamina-
tion. General guidelines and principles for model se-
lection criteria are presented followed by a step-by-
step approach to identifying the appropriate model(s)
for use in a specific application. Two site-specific ex-
ample problems are provided to demonstrate the pro-
cedure for selecting the appropriate mathematical
model for a particular application.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Water pollution, 'Mathe-
matical models, Criteria, Exposure, Assessments,
Water flow, Sites, Hydraulic conductivity, Porosity,
Water table, Aquifers, Water storage, Path of pollut-
ants.
PB88-248935/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Review of the Superfund Hazard Ranking System:
Review by the Hazard Ranking System Review
Subcommittee of the Science Advisory Board.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
Jan 88,120p* SAB/RAC-88/008
Changes were suggested that will allow EPA's Hazard-
ous Ranking System (HRS) to provide a more accurate
gnd scientifically based estimate of the relative risk of
candidate uncontrolled waste sites. A revised HRS,
better designed to evaluate sites by relative risks, wilt
provide an Improved mechanism for determining which
sites should be included on the National Priorities List
(NPL), and can potentially provide useful input to the
subsequent prioritization of NPL sites. Most of the
changes needed to improve the current HRS are
changes in the risk variables assessed and in the over-
all algorithm, not changes with vast new data requlre-
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Ranking, Reviews,
•Hazardous waste sites, Risk assessment, Ratings,
Cleanup operations, Hazard analysis, Superfund sites,
Superfund Hazard Ranking System.
PB88-248943/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Review of the Office of Radiation Programs' Na-
tional Radon Survey Design. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
9 Oct 88,18p SAB/RAC-88/002
The EPA Radiation Advisory Committee found that the
document presented a valid approach to designing a
national radon survey. In addition, the Committee felt
that the study is important from a national health point
of view and that all efforts must be made to insure that
a survey of high quality is conducted. Major conclu-
sions and recommendations are summarized in the
report.
Keywords: 'Radon, Risk, United States, Design crite-
ria, Planning, Reviews, 'Indoor air pollution, Environ-
mental surveys.
PB88-248950/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evaluating EPA's (Environmental Protection
Agency's) Current Objectives and Future Needs
for Biotechnology Risk Assessment Research.
Report of the Biotechnology Research Review
Subcommittee. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
Jan 88,44p SAB/EETFC-88/010
The EPA Biotechnology Research Review Subcom-
mittee commends the program and its researchers for
the number of significant accomplishments achieved
in a short period of time. Preliminary areas of concen-
tration on development of methods were appropriate
and now allow the program to shift to application of
methods. Specifically, new emphasis should be placed
on microcosm and field testing, investigating and ana-
lyzing environmental effects, and developing control
strategies for containment and mitigation. The Sub-
committee was concerned with the limited scope and
lack of strategy for the health effects component, while
supporting the strategy underlying the engineering
component.
Keywords: 'Bioengineering, 'Project planning, Design
criteria, Decision making, Regulations, Research man-
agement, 'Risk assessment, 'Environmental Protec-
tion Agency.
PB88-248968/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Report of the Director of the Science Advisory
Board for Fiscal Year 1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
Dec 87,60p SAB-88/007
The report is the second Annual Report of the Director
of the Science Advisory Board. The Board maintained
a very active program of independent reviews of EPA
research programs and the scientific bases of number
of the Agency's major regulatory and policy decisions.
These activities as well as others were designed to in-
crease the scientific community's ability to present
high quality and timely advice to policy makers and the
Congress, and to promote technical consensus as a
means of achieving consensus on environmental poli-
cies.
Keywords: 'PERT, Design criteria, Decision making,
Research management, 'Environmental Protection
Agency, Science Advisory Board, Pollution abatement,
Risk assessment, Reports.
PB88-248976/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Review of the Office of Research and Develop-
ment's Waste Minimization Strategy. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
Oct 87,35p SAB/EEC-88/004
See also PB87-114336.
The ORD Waste Minimization Strategy was viewed as
a modest, yet promising attempt at responding to sev-
eral aspects of the Agency's 1986 Report to Congress:
minimization of Hazardous Wastes. The ORD Strategy
is not an Agency-wide program plan for a subset of
topics. Although the Report to Congress is somewhat
more comprehensive, it does not contain program
plans. In order to develop a more comprehensive
waste minimization strategy, ORD, OSW and other of-
fices within the Agency should work cooperatively to
develop a more comprehensive waste minimization
strategy. In addition, the Agency should develop an
EPA-wide waste minimization strategy while develop-
ment of the ORD waste minimization program pro-
Keywords: 'Optimization, Reviews, Hazardous materi-
als, Standards, Regulations, 'Hazardous wastes,
'Solid waste management.
PB88-248984/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Review of a Framework for Improving Surface
Water Monitoring Support for Decision-Making.
Report of the Environmental Effects, Transport
and Fate Committee. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
1 Dec 87,46p* SAB/EETFC-88/006
The EPA Surface Water Monitoring Subcommittee
concludes that the study provided a strong conceptual
framework for a sound monitoring program, but recom-
mends certain refinements to further strengthen both
the study and the monitoring program. Tne study's
strength is its recognition of tne need for change and
the underlying concept to create that change. In addi-
tion, the planning and development approach used in
the study solicits input from diverse sources and as-
sesses that input, identifying both obstacles and chal-
lenges, to provide a useful framework for action. A
major weakness results from the study's relatively
narrow base of information. The Subcommittee identi-
fied several areas in the study that need further con-
sideration or additional emphasis. Details are summa-
rized.
Keywords: 'Surface waters, Water quality, Monitoring,
Decision making, Design criteria.
PB88-249099/HSU	PC E99/MF E99
Environmental Protection Agency, New York. Region
Love Canal Emergency Declaration Area Hablt-
ability Study.
CH2M Hill Southeast, Inc., Reston, VA.
1988,1084p-ln 5v
Set includes PB88-249107 through PB88-249149.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, New
York. Region II.
No abstract available.
PB88-249107/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, New York. Region
II.
Love Canal Emergency Declaration Area Hablt-
ablltty Study. Volume 1. Introduction and Deci-
sion-Making Documentation. Final rept.
Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH.
May 88,83p EPA/902/4-88/002
Contracts EPA-68-01-7331, EPA-68-01-7251
See also Volume 2, PB88-249115. Prepared in coop-
eration with CH2M Hill Southeast Inc.. Reston, VA.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, New
York. Region II.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB88-
249099.
Environmental studies were conducted to provide data
that could be used by the Commissioner of Health for
the State of New York in determining whether the
Emergency Declaration Area surrounding the Love
Canal hazardous waste site is habitable. Volume I of
the five-volume series summarizes the main elements
and the key decision points in the Habitability Study as
an introduction to the series.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
'Habitability, 'Pollution, Public health, Sites, Humans,
Citizen participation, Objectives, Evaluation, Risk,
Standards, Air pollution, Water pollution, Soils, Deci-
sion making, New York, 'Love Canal, Superfund,
Chemicals.
PBM-24S116/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, New York. Region
Love Canal Emergency Declaration Area Habit-
ability Study. Volume 2. Air Assessment Indicator
Chemicale. Final rept
CH2M Hill Southeast, Inc., Reston, VA.
Feb 88,60p EPA/902/4-88/002A
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Contract EPA-68-01-7251
See also Volume 1, PB88-249107 and Volume 3,
RB88-249123. Errata sheet inserted. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, New York. Region
II.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB88-
249099.
Environmental studies were conducted to provide data
that could be used by the Commissioner of Health for
the State of New York in determining whether the
Emergency Declaration Area (EDA) surrounding the
Love Canal hazardous waste site is habitable. An air
assessment was conducted for Love Canal Indicator
Chemicals. Homes throughout the EDA were sampled
using the Trace Atmospheric Gas Analyzer Model
6000E.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Waste disposal,
'Habitability, *Air pollution, Public health, Sites, Organ-
ic compounds, Residential buildings, Sampling, Gas
analysis, Chlorine organic compounds, Chloroben-
zenes, Toluene, Mass spectrometers,
Concentration(Composition), New York, 'Love Canal,
Superfund, Chemicals.
PB88-249123/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, New York. Region
l°Y" Canal Emergency Declaration Area Habit-
ability Study. Volume 3. Soil Assessment: Indica-
tor Chemicals. Final rept.
CH2M Hill Southeast, Inc., Reston, VA.
May 88,347p EPA/902/4-88/002B
Contract EPA-68-01-7251
See also Volume 2, PB88-249115 and Volume 4,
PB88-249131. Errata sheet inserted.Portions of this
document are not fully legible. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, New York. Region II.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB88-
249099.
Environmental studies were conducted to provide data
that could be used by the Commissioner of Health for
the State of New York in determining whether the
Emergency Declaration Area (EDA) surrounding the
Love Canal hazardous waste site is habitable. The soil
assessment compared concentrations of the Love
Canal Indicator Chemicals found in the EDA to con-
centrations found in similar western New York commu-
nities. An analytical technique was developed to
detect the indicator chemicals at very low levels, i.e.
1.0 ppb. The analytical technique utilized a gas chro-
matograph/mass spectrometer operating in the se-
lected ion monitoring mode. The analytical results
were statistically compared between the EDA and the
comparison areas using a modified Wilcoxon rank sum
test.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
'Habitability, 'Soil analysis, 'Pollution, Sampling,
Chromatographic	analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Ions, Mass spectrom-
eters, Sites, Design, Quality control, Statistical analy-
sis, New York, 'Love Canal, 'Chemicals, Land pollu-
tion.
PB88-249131/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, New York. Region
Love Canal Emergency Declaration Area Habit-
ability Study. Volume 4. Soil Assessment: 2,3,7,8-
TCDD (Tetrachlorodlbenzo-p-DioxIn). Final rept.
CH2M Hill Southeast, Inc., Reston, VA.
Mar 88,88p EPA/902/4-88/002C
Contract EPA-68-01-7251
See also Volume 3, PB88-249123 and Volume 5,
PB88-249149. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, New York. Region II.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB88-
249099.
Environmental studies were conducted to provide data
that could be used by the Commissioner of Health for
the State of New York in determining whether the
Emergency Declaration Area (EDA) surrounding the
Love Canal hazardous waste site is habitable. A soil
assessment for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
(TCDD) was conducted to determine whether the soil
in the EDA contains 2,3,7,8-TCDD at levels above the
level of concern set by the Centers for Disease Con-
trol: 1.0 ppb. Samples of surface soil were collected at
2,274 locations throughout the EDA.
1134 Vol. 90, No. 24
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
'Habitability, 'Soil analysis, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Oxygen heterocyclic compounds, Herbicides,
Public health, Evaluation, Collecing methods,
Concentration(Composition), Accuracy, Tables(Data),
New York, 'Love Canal, Dioxin/tetrachloro-dibenzo,
Superfund.
PB88-249149/HSU	PC A22/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, New York. Region
Love Canal Emergency Declaration Area Habit-
ability Study. Volume 5. Peer Review Summary:
TRC (Technical Review Committee) Reeponeee.
Final rept.
CH2M Hill Southeast, Inc., Reston, VA.
Jul 88, 506p EPA/902/4-88/002D
Contracts EPA-68-01-7251, EPA-68-01-7331
See also Volume 4, PB88-249131. Prepared in coop-
eration with Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, New York.
Region li.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99, PB88-
249099.
Environmental studies were conducted to provide data
that could be used by the Commissioner of Health for
the State of New York in determining whether the
Emergency Declaration Area surrounding the Love
Canal hazardous waste site is habitable. These vol-
umes (II through IV) were reviewed by a peer review
panel of expert scientists. The scientists concluded
that each of the three environmental studies was well
planned and well executed. Volume V summarizes the
peer review and gives additional information or clarifi-
cations as requested during the peer review. Volume V
also provides additional supplemental statistical analy-
ses requested by the peer reviewer panel.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
'Habitability, 'Pollution, Appraisals, Evaluation, Scien-
tists, Responses, Statistical analysis, Laboratories,
Comparison, Tables(Data), Quality control,
Graphs(Charts), New York, 'Love Canal, Chemicals.
PB88-249537/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Dow Chemical Wastewater Characterization
Study: Tlttabawassee River Sediments end Native
Fish. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Westlake, OH. En-
vironmental Services Div.
G. A. Amendola, and D. R. Barna. Jul 86,132p EPA/
950/4-88/003
The report presents the results of EPA's study of diox-
ins and other toxic pollutants at the Dow Chemical-
Midland Plant. The report also presents summaries of
prior EPA and Michigan Department of Natural Re-
sources studies at the Dow Chemical-Midland Plant
conducted during the period 1978 to 1985, including
studies of Tittabawassee River native fish and sedi-
ments. The major findings of the report include: (1)
confirmation of the discharge of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodi-
benzo-p-dioxin (2378-TCDD or dioxin) from Dow
Chemical to the Tittabawassee River; (2) bloaccumula-
tion of 2378-TCDD in caged fish and native fish; (3) the
estimated annual discharge loading of 2378-TCDD
from Dow Chemical to the Tittabawassee River is
0.00012 kg (0.00026 lbs). Current discharge levels
have consistently been less than 10 parts per quadril-
lion (ppq), the interim discharge limit established by the
Michigan Water Resources Commission and approved
by EPA.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Industrial wastes. Waste water. Aquatic ani-
mals, Michigan, 'Dioxin/tetrachloro-dibenzo, Ecologi-
cal concentrations, Water pollution effects(Anlmals),
Sediments.
PB88-249578/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
FLEX: An Expert System to Assess Flexible Mem-
bran* Liner Materials,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
R. E. Landreth. Aug 88,15p EPA/600/D-88/182
The Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984
required the use of flexible membrane liners (FML) that
are chemically compatible with the waste and lea-
chates that are to be contained. The FML design re-
quirements can be partially satisfied by using the Test
Method 9090 for compatibility and analyzing the re-
sults. The EPA's Office of Research and Development
has developed a computerized expert system to assist
permit writers in reviewing chemical compatibility data
for hazardous waste treatment, storage and disposal
facilities. The report describes the development of the
expert system, the Beta testing to verify the system,
experiences with using the system, and its availability!
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Computer systems
programs, Hazardous materials, Membranes, surface
impoundments, Solid waste disposal.
PB88-249651 /HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Locating and Repairing Leaks In Landfill/Im-
poundment Flexible Membrane Liners,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
R. E. Landreth. Aug 88,15p EPA/600/D-88/183
In the United States, the large quantities of solid and
hazardous wastes generated each year are commonly
disposed of in landfills and surface impoundments.
Geomembrane liners (flexible membrane liners, FMLs)
are often used to form an impermeable barrier to pre-
vent migration of contaminant liquids to nearby soil
and water. As a pollution barrier the FML must be
sound and without defect. An effective method was
needed not only to locate leaks in FML's before waste
materials are introduced but to isolate leaks for subse-
quent repair in operating landfill impoundments. EPA,
recognizing the enormity and the implications of the
problem, undertook a research program to determine
where the leaks were, how to get to the leak, and how
to repair the leak.
Keywords: 'Sanitary landfills, Hazardous materials, In-
dustrial wastes, Membranes, Leakage, 'Surface im-
poundments, Solid waste disposals.
PB88-249792/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Sediment Monitoring Parameters and Rational*
for Characterizing Deep-Ocean Low-Lsvel Radio-
active Waste Disposal Site*,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
J. Neiheisel. Jun 88,31p* EPA/520/1-87/011
The purpose of the report is to provide a rationale for
the sediment measurements that will indicate radionu-
clide retention characteristics at potential LLW dispos-
al sites in the deep-ocean environment. Prior to sedi-
ment sampling, the site selection shall have been di-
rected to specific areas by site selection criteria sup-
ported by geophysical data to indicate site stability.
Sediment sampling is conducted to meet the sediment
monitoring and criteria needs for site characterization.
Keywords: 'Sediments, Radioactive isotopes, Radio-
active contaminants, Measurement, 'Radioactive
waste disposal, 'Ocean waste disposal, Hazardous
waste sites, Low level radioactive wastes.
PBB8-249800/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Dow Chemical Building 703 incinerator Exhaust
and Ambient Air Study. Final rept..
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL Region
M. G. Trembly, and G. A. Amendola. Mar 87,308D
EPA/905/4-88/004
The purposes of the study were: (1) determine the
levels of dioxins and other toxic compounds in ambient
air near the Dow Chemical Midland plant; and (2) de-
termine the levels of dioxin and other chemicals In the
Building 703 incinerator exhaust gas, wastewater, and
ash, under normal operating conditions. The ambient
air study included positive findings of low levels of
dioxins at air monitoring sites near the plant fence line
and at the site located in the city, ranging up to 0.0004
ug/m(3) for the less toxic forms. The study concluded
there were no readily observable relationships be-
tween the Incinerator temperature, preasure, air pollu-
tion control device and flow rates, and the levels of
certain dioxins found in the exhaust during the three
days of testing. However, there may be a relationshio
between the levels of dioxin fed into the incinerator
and the levels of dioxin discharged.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Incinerators, Waste water
Exhaust gases, Ashes, Michigan, Sampling, *To3r
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB8S-249818/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Risk Assessment for Dloxln Contamination at
Midland, Michigan (Second Edition). Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
V.
I. C. T. Nisbet, W. M. Mendez, W. Phillips, and D. G.
Barnes. Apr 88,220p EPA/905/4-88/005
Results are presented of a comprehensive, multi-
media, human health risk assessment of the contami-
nation in the Midland, Michigan, area with 2,3,7,8-te-
trachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, or TCDD, and related com-
pounds fdioxin') resulting primarily from past releases
from the Dow Chemical Company's Michigan Division
plant. The risk assessment follows USEPA s published
guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment and expo-
sure assessment. An exposure assessment section
summarizes the available environmental monitoring
data for the Midland area and derives estimated
human intakes of dioxin for a number of scenarios
based upon exposure of the local population to ambi-
ent air, drinking water, soil, and fish. Finally, a risk char-
acterization section combines the dose response and
exposure information to determine estimated probabil-
ities of adverse health effects for the scenarios consid-
ered.
Keywords: 'Carcinogens, 'Industrial wastes, Contami-
nants, Water pollution, Air pollution, Soils, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Risk assessment, Midland(Michigan), Envi-
ronmental surveys, 'Dioxins.
PB88-249826/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Wind Tunnel Investigation of the Response of a
Sonic Anemometer,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
R. E. Eskridge, and C. B. Baker. Aug 88,22p EPA/
600/D-88/192
An Applied Technology Inc. (ATI) sonic of the type
used by J. C. Kaimal at the Boulder Tower was tested
in the large wind tunnel at the U.S. EPA Fluid Modeling
Facility. The wind tunnel is approximately 6 ft high, 10
ft wide with a test section bed 60 ft long. The air speed
in the tunnel can be varied from about 0.20 m/s to 7.0
m/s. The sonic probe was mounted near the center of
the tunnel to study the effect of shadowing of the
probe and mount as a function of azimuth angle at
speeds of 1.0, 3.0, and 7.0 m/s. Experiments were
performed to determine if there is a Reynolds number
dependency of the instrument when the tunnel speed
was varied from 0.20 to 7.0 m/s. Velocity correction
curves were developed for the sonic using these data.
These curves are somewhat different from those pub-
lished by J. C. Kaimal. No Reynolds number depend-
ency of the Now on the velocity components under
maximum shadowing was found.
Keywords: 'Anemometers, 'Wind tunnels, Flow meas-
urement, Reynolds number, Fluid flow, A2lmuth,
'Sonic anemometers, Wind tunnel tests.
PB88-249834/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Risky Business (Book Review). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D. M. DeMarini. 1986,5p EPA/600/M-88/014
Pub. in Environmental Mutagenesis, v8 p485-486
1986.
The article reviews the book 'Risk Quantitation and
Regulatory Policy,' D. Q. Hoel, R. A. Merrill, and F. P.
Perera (eds), published by Cold Spring Harbor Labora-
tory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York. The book is an-
other volume in The continuing series of Banbury Con-
ferences devoted to the in-depth exploration of a
single topic. This particular book (Volume 19) provides
an outstanding summary of the state of the art/sci-
ence of quantitative risk assessment (QRA). The au-
thors explore the underlying assumptions and tech-
niques of QRA and point out where the science ends
and the art begins.
Keywords: Books, Regulations, Exposure, Toxicity,
Hazardous materials, Industrial medicine, Reviews,
Reprints, 'Risk assessment.
PB88-249842/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Technologies for Treating Aqueous
Metal/Cyanide Bearing Hazardous Waste (F007),
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Dept. of Civil and Environmental
Engineering.
D. W. Grosse, S. Q. Hassan, M. P. Vitello, and M. K.
Koczwara. Aug 88,18pEPA/60O/D-88/195
Contract EPA-68-03-4038
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
As a result of recent developments in the area of haz-
ardous waste management, the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency is evaluating the performance of
various technologies for the treatment and/or destruc-
tion of certain wastes that are presently being dis-
posed of in landfills and surface impoundments. As a
part of this program the University of Cincinnati, at the
U.S. EPA test and Evaluation Facility in Cincinnati,
Ohio, is testing existing treatment technologies that
are applicable to metal and cyanide bearing hazardous
wastes. The following unit processes have been evalu-
ated: alkaline chlorination, precipitation, filtration,
anion exchange and cation exchange. Results of the
studies are presented.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Cyanides, 'Metals,
Evaluation, Chlorination, Precipitation(Chemistry), Fil-
tration, Cation exchanging, Anion exchanging. Meth-
odology, 'Hazardous wastes, 'Hazardous materials
handling.
PB88-249859/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Organic Emissions from Consumer Products and
Building Materials to the Indoor Environment.
Journal article,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
B. A. Tichenor, and M. A. Mason. c1988,7p EPA/600/
J-88/076
Contract EPA-68-02-3988
Pub. in JAPCA, v38 n3 p264-268 Mar 88. See also
PB87-191839. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses EPA studies in small environ-
mental test chambers on a variety of building materials
and consumer products. A number of test conditions
are critical in effectively determining emission rates
(e.g., temperature, humidity, air exchange rate, and
product loading-area of sample/volume of test cham-
ber). In addition, the effects of chamber concentration
and chamber wall effects (i.e., adsorption to and de-
sorption from surfaces) need to be determined. Finally,
the age and condition of the sample affect its emission
rate. All of these variables and phenomena are consid-
ered in the EPA research program. (Copyright (c)
1988, APCA.)
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Construction materials,
Emission,	Organic	compounds,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, 'Indoor air pol-
lution, Stationary sources, Consumer products.
PB88-249867/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Refinery Process Heater NOx Control by Staged
Combustion Air Lances. Journal article,
KVB, Inc., Irvine, CA.
S. C. Hunter, and R. E. Hall. C1988,7p KVB72-P-322,
EPA/600/J-88/077
Contract EPA-68-02-3690
Pub. in Jnl. of Engineering for Gas Turbines and
Power, v110 p185-189 Apr 88. See also PB84-229640.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Apency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper gives results of tests of a natural-draft pe-
troleum-refinery crude-oil process heater, modified to
reduce oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions by install-
ing staged-combustion air lances. Baseline nitric oxide
(NO) emissions firing refinery gas before modification
were measured to be 100-125 ppm by volume, dry,
corrected to 3 percent oxygen. Staged-combustion air
lances bypassed combustion air around the burners to
achieve staged combustion. With the modification, an
average reduction of 64 percent in NO emissions was
observed over a 30-day test period, with NO emissions
of 25-50 ppm, depending on the excess air.
Keywords: 'Heating equipment, 'Air pollution control,
'Nitrogen oxide(NO), 'Refineries, Performance eval-
uation, Revisions, Design criteria, Pilot plants, Industri-
al wastes, Combustion products, Petroleum industry,
Emission, 'Combustion modifications, 'Air pollution
abatement.
PB88-249875/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Unifying Quantitative Analysis of Soil Texture: Im-
provement of Precision and Extension of Scale.
Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
M. A. Shirazi, L. Boersma, and J. W. Hart. c1988,12p
EPA/600/J-88/081
Pub. in Soil Science Society of America Jnl., v52 n1
P181-190 Jan/Feb 88. See also PB84-177526. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Oregon State Univ., Corval-
lis. Dept. of Sal Science.
The paper extends a procedure for transforming the
standard textural triangle into a new diagram based on
mean particle size dg, and standard deviations of parti-
cle size, og. Values of dg and og, obtained from the
mechanical analysis on percents of clay, silt and sand,
provide a unified basis for comparing soils and physi-
cal and chemical properties of the soils. It is shown
that the procedure proposed earlier is valid for sam-
ples that do not have a lognormal distribution for the
whole sample. Using this approach, samples with very
different distributions of each fraction can be accurate-
ly described. The procedure further makes it possible
to extend the scale to include particles with diameters
>2 mm. Mean particle size and standard deviates are
correlated with soil properties. An application is shown
in the form of a relationship between water retention
and dg and og.
Keywords: 'Soil texture, 'Particle size, 'Soil proper-
ties, 'Soil classification, Statistical analysis, Structural
analysis, Standard deviation, Clays, Silt, Sands, Re-
prints.
PB88-250204/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Results of Treatment Evaluations of Contaminat-
ed Soils,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
P. Esposito, J. Hassling, B. B. Locke, M. Taylor, and M.
Szabo. Aug 88,29p EPA/600/D-88/181
Contract EPA-68-03-3389
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
Soil and debris from Superfund sites must be treated
to minimize their threat to human health and the envi-
ronment as part of remedial actions at such sites.
Studies were conducted on the effectiveness with
which five treatment processes removed or immobi-
lized synthetic soils containing volatile and semivola-
tile organics and metals. The treatment technologies
were soil washing, dechlorination with potassium poly-
ethylene glycol (KPEG), incineration, low temperature
thermal desorption and solidification/fixation. The
paper describes the production of four synthetic soils
containing varying levels of contaminants and reports
the effectiveness of the five treatment methods.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Soils, 'industrial
waste treatment, Organic compounds, Vaporizing,
Metals, Decontamination, Washing, Dechlorination, In-
cineration, Desorption, Solidification, Effectiveness,
Removal, Agents, Superfund.
PB88-250212/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Activation and Reactivity of Novel Calcium-Based
Sorbenta for Dry S02 Control In Boilers. Rept for
Oct 86-Jul 68,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
W. Jozewicz, and D. A. Kirchgessner. Aug 88,19p
EPA/600/D-88/179
Contract EPA-66-02-4701
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lao.
Chemically modified Ca(OH)2 sorbents for S02 con-
trol in utility boilers were tested in an electrically
heated, bench-scale isothermal flow reactor, operated
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
at between 700 and 1000 C and residence times of
from 0.6 to 2 sec calculated from bulk gas Nowrates.
Novel surfactant-modified Ca(OH)2--SM-Ca(OH)2~
sorbents were compared to conventional Ca(OH)2
produced by dry hydration, DH-Ca(OH)2. Sorbents
were activated in the flow reactor. Changes in the pore
structure of Ca(OH)2 sorbents reacting with S02 also
were investigated. The effect of thermal sintering on
pore structure of sorbents reacting with S02 was elimi-
nated. The degree of conversion was controlled by
varying gas-phase mass transfer resistance (S02 con-
centrations from 50 to 3000 ppm).
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Sulfur di-
oxide, Boilers, Air pollution abatement, Sorbents, Ex-
haust gases, Combustion.
PB88-250220/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Solubility of Disperse Dyes In Water: Measure-
ment and Implications,
Georgia Univ., Athens.
G. L. Baughman, and T. A. Perenich. Aug 88,16p
EPA/600/D-88/1B6
Grant EPA-R-81263
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Athens
GA.
Methods that have been used for measuring solubility
of disperse dyes are critically examined along with a
dynamic method heretofore unused for dyes. Available
data are analyzed regarding heats of solution and en-
tropies of fusion. Solubilities of disperse dyes are ex-
amined with regard to data reliability and to behavior in
the dye bath and in the environment.
Keywords: "Textile processes, *Dyes, 'Water pollu-
tion, Solubility, Physicochemical properties, Measure-
ment.
PB88-250238/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Air Pollution Control Association, Pittsburgh, PA.
Scientific and Technical Issues Facing Post-1987
Ozone Control Strategies: A Conference Summa-
ry. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
G. T. Wolff, J. L. Hanisch, K. L. Schere, and R. Cahaly.
Aug 88,28p EPA/600/D-88/185
Presented at International Specialty Conference on
Tropospheric Ozone and Ozone Control Strategies,
Hartford, CT„ November 16-19,1987. Prepared in co-
operation with General Motors Research Labs.,
Warren, Ml., and Polaroid Corp., Cambridge, MA.
Sponsored by Air Pollution Control Association, Pitts-
burgh, PA.
The report summarizes the presentations given at an
International Specialty Conference on tropospheric
ozone and ozone control strategies. The conference
opened with a plenary session, which focused on the
questions why have the authors not achieved the
standard and where do they go from here. Following
the plenary session, concurrent sets of sessions were
held for the remainder of the conference. One set of
sessions focused on volatile organic carbon control
strategies including low solvent coating, add-on con-
trol techniques and monitoring for compliance. A
second set of sessions dealt with the scientific aspects
of the issue and included: chemical mechanisms,
urban- and regional-scale modeling, field studies and
data analysis. The highlights of tne conference are
summarized.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Ozone, Meetinqs,
Models, Regulations, 'National ambient air quality
standards.
PB88-250246/H8U	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Comparative Mesothelioma Induction in Rats by
Asbestos and Non-Asbestos Mineral Fibers: Pos-
sible Correlation with Human Exposure Data,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. L. Coffin, L. D. Palekar, P. M. Cook, and J. P.
Creason. Aug 88,20p EPA/600/D-88/189
Contract EPA-68-02-4450
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC,
Fischer 344 rats were injected intrapjeurally with chiy-
sotile and crocidolite asbestos, erionite and attapulgite
and observed for their entire lifespan. Detailed analy-
sis of the number per unit mass of the various size cat-
egories of the fibers for each mineral species was de-
termined and the dose in terms of actual number of
mineral fibers computed. Data for survival time and
number of tumors induced suggests that in addition to
the length/width factors, an additional property plays a
role in fiber potency. Analysis of the available data
from the literature, where populations were known to
have been exposed to pure mineral fibers, indicates
that ranking for human mesothelioma incidence ap-
pears congruent with the rat intrapleural data.
Keywords: "Toxicity, 'Asbestos, 'Hazardous materi-
als, Attapulgite, Fibers, Laboratory animals, Exposure,
Humans, Correlations, Survival, Neoplasms, "Meso-
thelioma, 'Erionite, "Occupational safety and health.
PB88-250261/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Emissions of Air Pollutants from Indoor Materials:
An Emerging Design Consideration,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
W. G. Tucker. Aug 88, f6p* EPA/600/D-88/191
The paper discusses the importance of indoor air qual-
ity in the acceptability of a building. The health and pro-
ductivity of building occupants can be affected by the
presence of certain organic chemical vapors, particles,
and biological contaminants in the indoor air. Many of
the matenals used in buildings, either as structural ma-
terials or furnishings, or contents such as work sup-
plies and maintenance materials, can be sources of
indoor air contaminants. Concepts on material evalua-
tion and selection are presented.
Keywords: "Construction materials, Buildings, Con-
taminants, Microorganisms, Potential emissions,
'Indoor air pollution, Volatile organic
compounds(VOC), Particulates, Risk assessment.
PB88-250279/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Air Pollutants from Surface Materials: Factors In-
fluencing Emissions, and Predictive Models,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
W. G. Tucker. Aug 88,15p EPA/600/D-88/180
The paper gives an overview of the state of knowledge
of emissions from surface materials, the factors that
influence those emissions, and models that can be
used in evaluating emissions data. It concludes by fo-
cusing on indoor air quality control by controlling emis-
sions, especially by producing and using low-emitting
materials.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Construction materials, Sur-
face properties, Air pollution abatement, Mathematical
models, "Indoor air pollution, Emission factors, Air
toxic substances.
PB88-250287/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Clean Coal Technology: An Environmental Per-
spective,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
F. T. Princiotta. Aug 88,28p EPA/600/D-88/190
Although the paper focuses on past (since 1920) and
current coal use and pollutant emissions in the U.S., it
also discusses where the U.S. may be going in terms
of pollutant emissions over the next several decades.
Conclusions of this look at coal use include the fact
that increasing coal use is vital to the economic well
being of the U.S. With proper application of controls,
coal use can be increased as projected without unac-
ceptable levels of sulfur and nitrogen oxides, particu-
late, and nitrous oxide. However, the forecast is
bleaker for carbon dioxide and its projected impact on
global warming. Barring a technology breakthrough of
major proportions (e.g., successful commercialization
of nuclear fusion or solar electric generation), the best
that can be envisioned is to moderate carbon dioxide
emissions from the combustion of coal and other fuels
through conservation.
Keywords; 'Coal, 'Air pollution, Sulfur dioxide, Nitro-
gen oxides, Risk, United States, 'Coal combustion,
Particulates, Air pollution potential, Air toxic sub-
stances.
PB88-250311/HSU	CP DOS
Historic Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCa)
Emissions Estimates and Activity Data (for Micro-
computers). Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. D. Mobley, and G. Gschwandtner. 31 Mar 88,3
diskettes EPA/DF/DK-88/056
See also PB88-189022, PB88-157888, and PB83-
195511.
The data file is contained on 5 1 /4-inch, double sided,
double density diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC,
XT microcomputer. The diskettes are in the LOTUS 1-
2-3 format.
Lotus spreadsheets containing the data presented in
Appendix B of the EPA report 'Historic Emissions of
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the United
States from 1900 to 1985' are provided on three 511 A'
floppy diskettes. VOC emissions and activity data are
given for the United States: Alabama-Florida; Georgia-
Louisiana; Maine-Montana; Nebraska-North Dakota;
Ohio-Tennessee; and Texas-Wyoming. The data file is
in the LOTUS 1-2-3 format using the DOS 3.10 operat-
ing system.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Emission, 'Organic com-
pounds, Volatility, Diskettes, Environmental Protection
Agency, United States, States(United States).
PB88-250329/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Human Lung Cancer Risks Due to Complex Or-
ganic Mixtures of Combustion Emissions, \
Health Effects Research Lab., Research triangle
Park, NC.
J. L. Mumford, X. He, and R. S. Chapman. Sep88,30p
EPA/600/D-88/197
Prepared in cooperation with Institute of Environmen-
tal Health and Engineering, Beijing (China).
The study of Xuan Wei fuel use and lung cancer mor-
tality and also the interim case-control study suggest-
ed an association between domestic smoky coal use
and Xuan Wei lung cancer. The collaborative studies
of physical characterization, chemical analysis, and
toxicology further substantiated this linkage. The Xuan
Wei residents who used smoky coal inhaled extremely
high concentrations of most submicron-sized particles,
which were composed mostly of organic compounds
(72%), including mutagenic and carcinogenic organic
compounds (especially in the aromatic and polar frac-
tions). In comparison to wood and smokeless coal
combustion emissions, the organic extracts of smoky
coal emission particles showed a much higher activity
of genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. The results all
point to a strong etiological link between the complex
organic mixtures from smoky coal emissions and Xuan
Wei lung cancer.
Keywords: 'Epidemiology, 'Pulmonary neoplasms,
'Air pollution, 'Coal, Smoke, Mortality, Etiology, Muta-
effects,
Benzopyrene. Coal combustion.
PB88-250360/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Acid Deposition, Environmental Monitoring,
and Quality Assurance.
Total Human Exposure and Indoor Air Quality: An
Automated Bibliography (BUS) with Summary Ab-
stracts. Final rept.,
SRA Technologies, Inc., Alexandria, VA.
J. M. Shackelford, W. R. Ott, and L. A. Wallace. May
88,466p EPA/600/9-88/011
Contract EPA-68-01 -7379
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC. Office of Acid Deposition, Enviroiv
mental Monitoring, and Quality Assurance.
The Bibliographic Literature Information System (BUS)
is a computerized data base with brief abstracts that
comprehensively reviews literature on total human ex-
posure to environmental pollution. Unpublished draft
reports are listed, as well as final reports of the U.S
Government and other countries, reports by govern^
mental research contractors, journal articles, and
other contributions. The bibliography covers publica-
tions on exposure models, new field data, and newty
emerging research methodologies. Although the bibli.
ograpny covers the entire field of human expotura
methodology, emphasis is on those field studies man.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
uring all the concentrations to which people may be
exposed, including indoors, outdoors, or in-transit. Ver-
sions of the data base are available on floppy diskettes
that can be accessed on MS-DOS computers with two-
floppy-disk or hard-disk systems.
Keywords: •Humans, 'Exposure, 'Air pollution, 'Bib-
liographies, Abstracts, Technical reports, Periodicals,
Public health, Nitrogen dioxide, Smoke, Carbon mon-
oxide. Carbon dioxide, Radon, Information systems,
'Indoor air pollution, Data base.
PBM-250378/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Protection of Leaf Vegetable*, January 1979-April
1988: Citations from AQRICOLA Concerning Dis-
ease* and Other Environmental Considerations.
Bibliographies and literature of agriculture (Final),
National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.
C. N. Bebee. Sep 88,184p USDA-BLA-67
See also PB87-129771. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Pesti-
cide Programs.
The citations in the bibliography are selected from
works by U.S. authors on the protection of leaf vegeta-
bles. All citations are derived from AGRICOLA (Agri-
Cultural OnLine Access), the database compiled oy
the National Agricultural Library.
Keywords: 'Protection, 'Vegetables, 'Plant diseases,
'Bibliographies, Toxicity, Metals, Plant nutrition,
Boron, Nitrogen, Plant genetics, Pest control, Plant
ecology, Cabbage, Lettuce, Insects, Fungus diseases,
Pesticides, Bacteria, Heavy metals.
PB88-250394/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Study of the Biological Activity of Eiionite in Rela-
tion to Its Chemical and Structural Characterls-
tics,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. Dept. of Chemi-
cal Engineering.
D L. Coffin, S.E. Peters, L. D. Palekar, and E. P.
Stahel. Aug 88,24p EPA/600/D-88/188
Contract EPA-68-02-4450
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Sponsored by Health Ef-
fects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Fibrous erionite appears to have many times the
mesothelioma induction potential of asbestos. A
member of a class of minerals termed zeolites, it dif-
fers markedly from asbestos in many physico-chemi-
cal characteristics. For preliminary biological studies,
experiments were based on the hypothesis that the
active surface sites within the internal voids are con-
tributory to the unusual activity of this mineral. Two ap-
proaches were followed: encapsulation of isopentane
into the internal spaces and exchange of cations,
Cr(2+) and Ca(2+). Preliminary data suggests that
toxicity to V79 cells was altered by these processes.
The Implication of the intense tumorigenesis of erionite
may be of great basic importance in contributing data
for mechanistic studies such as the illumination of a
second variable in tumor induction.
Keywords: 'Ion exchange resins, 'Biological agents,
Asbestos, Physicochemical properties, Neoplasms,
Carcinoid tumors, Risk.
PB88-250402/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Protection of Sugarcane and Sugar Beets, Janu-
ary 1979-Fsbruary 1988: Citations from AQRI-
COLA (AQRICulturai OnLine Access) Concerning
Diseases and Other Environmental Consider-
ations. Bibliographies and literature of agriculture
Matlonial Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.
C. N. Bebee. Jul 86,177p USDA/BLA-65
See also PB87-128771. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Pesti-
cide Programs.
The citations in the bibliography are selected from
studies by U.S. authors on the Protection of Sugarcane
and Sugar Beets. Ail citations are derived from AQRI-
COLA (Agricultural OnLine Access), the database
oompiled by the National Agricultural Library.
Keywords: 'Sugar beets, 'Sugarcane, 'Sugar crops,
'Plant	diseases,	'Bibliographies,
Tolerances(Physiology). Viruses, Protection, Insects,
Grasses, Weed control, Plant ecology, Pesticides,
Plant physiology, Fungi, Bacteria, Plant pathology,
(nsectoontrol, Rusts(Fungi).
PB88-250410/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Plant Growth Regulators for Higher Plants, Janu-
ary 1979-February 1988: Citations from AQRI-
COLA (AQRICulturai OnLine Access) Concerning
Diseases and Other Environmental Conalder-
atlons. Bibliographies and literature of agriculture
(Final),
National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.
C. N. Bebee. Jul 88,349p USDA/BLA-64
See also PB87-129771. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Pesti-
cide Programs.
The citations in the bibliography are selected from
works by U.S. authors on plant growth regulators. All
citations are derived from AGRICOLA (AGRICultural
OnLine Access), the database compiled by the Nation-
al Agricultural Library.
Keywords: 'Protection, 'Growth regulators, 'Rant dis-
eases, 'Plants(Botany), 'Farm crops, 'Bibliographies,
Horticulture, Legislation, Production, Plant ecology,
Plant nutrition, Pest control, Forestry, Soil science,
Plant physiology, Weed control.
PB88-250436/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Applications of Expert Systems in Environmental
Engineering,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
L. A. Rossman. Aug 88,20p EPA/600/D-88/187
Expert systems are a promising computer-based ap-
proach to helping environmental engineers solve diffi-
cult problems. A number of such systems have been
developed to date in the areas of hazard assessment,
modeling support, process failure diagnosis, and regu-
latory support. The US Environmental Protection
Agency has several programs underway to introduce
the technology Into its operations. Five systems are
being developed that support the review of applica-
tions for operating permits for RCRA hazardous waste
facilities and selection of remedial acton alternatives
at Superfund cleanup sites. The most highly devel-
oped of these is FLEX, a program that evaluates the
chemical resistance of synthetic liners exposed to
wastes contained in landfills and impoundments. Work
on FLEX and other systems has identified a number of
Issues important to successful implementation of
expert systems within an organization such as EPA.
Keywords: 'Environmental engineering, 'Computer
systems programs. Industrial wastes. Hazardous ma-
terials, Mathematical models, 'Hazardous waste sites,
Superfund cleanup sites.
PB88-260627/HSU	PC E99/MF E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Low-Emission Coal Burner Technol-
ogy on industrial Boilers.
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
cAug88,778p-in 3v
Set includes PB88-250535 through PB88-250550.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency. Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lao.
No abstrsct available.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment. 'Nitrogen
oxides, Boilers, Design criteria, Combustion, Exhaust
gases, 'Retrofit devices, Air pollution abatement. Sta-
tionary sources. Air toxic substances.
PB88-250536/HSU	PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Low-Emission Coal Burner Technol-
ogy on Industrial Boilers. Volume 1. Technical
Report Final rept. Oct 78-Sep 86.
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
B. A. Folsom, A. R. Abele, J. L. Reese, and T. M.
Sommer. Aug 88,492p EPA/600/7-88/019A
Contract EPA-68-02-3127
See also Volume 2, PB88-250543. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB88-
250527.
The report gives results of a field evaluation of the Dis-
tributed Mixing Burner (DMB) on a 98 kg/hr (215,000
ib/hr) steaming capacity, four-burner, front-wall-fired
boiler. Following DMB installation, the boiler was Oper-
ated and tested with the new burners for 17 months.
Under routine operation, the DMBs reduced NOx emis-
sions by about 50 percent-from the baseline condition
of about 0.96 to about 0.46 lb/million Btu (418 to 200
ng/J). Under carefully controlled, optimized condi-
tions, NOx emissions were further reduced about an-
other 20 percent-to about 0.3 lb/million Btu (131 ng/
J). The DMB is a low-NOx pulverizod-coal burner for
wall-fired boiler applications. It operates under reduc-
ing conditions in the primary flame zone to minimize
NOx emissions while an overall oxidizing environment
is maintained in the furnace to minimize slagging and
corrosion.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Nitrogen
oxides, Boilers, Design criteria, Combustion, Exhaust
gases, Retrofit devices, Air pollution abatement, Sta-
tionary sources, Air toxic substances.
PB88-250543/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Low-Emission Coal Burner Technol-
ogy on Industrial Boilers. Volume 2. Appendices.
Final rept. Oct 78-Sep 86,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
B. A. Folsom, A. R. Abele, J. L. Reese, and T. M.
Sommer. cAug 88,192p EPA/600/7-88/019B
Contract EPA-68-02-3127
See also Volume 1, PB88-250535 and Volume 3,
PB88-250550. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB88-
250527.
The report gives results of a field evaluation of the Dis-
tributed Mixing Burner (DMB) on a 98 kg/hr (215,000
Ib/hr) steaming capacity, four-burner, front-wall-fired
boiler. Following DMB installation, the boiler was oper-
ated and tested with the new burners for 17 months.
Under routine operation, the DMBs reduced NOx emis-
sions by about 50 percent-from the baseline condition
of about 0.96 to about 0.46 lb/million Btu (418 to 200
ng/J). Under carefully controlled, optimized condi-
tions, NOx emissions were further reduced about an-
other 20 percent-to about 0.3 lb/million Btu (131 ng/
J). The DMB Is a low-NOx pulverized-coal burner for
wall-fired boiler applications. It operates under reduc-
ing conditions in the primary flame zone to minimize
NOx emissions while an overall oxidizing environment
is maintained in the furnace to minimize slagging and
corrosion.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Nitrogen
oxides, Boilers, Design criteria, Combustion, Exhaust
gases, 'Retrofit devices, Air pollution abatement, Sta-
tionary sources, Air toxic substances.
PB88-250550/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Low-Emission Coal Burner Technol-
ogy on Industrial Boilers. Volume 3. Guideline
Manual. Final rept. Oct 78-Sep 86,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
B. A. Folsom, A. R. Abele, J. L. Reese, and T. M.
Sommer. Aug 88,94p EPA/600/7-88/019C
Contract EPA-68-02-3127
See also Volume 2, PB88-250543. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB88-
250527.
The report gives results of a field evaluation of the Dis-
tributed Mixing Burner (DMB) on a 98 kg/hr (215,000
Ib/hr) steaming capacity, four-burner, front-wall-fired
boiler. Following DMB installation, the boiler was oper-
ated and tested with the new burners for 17 months.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Under routine operation, the DMBs reduced NOx emis-
sions by about 50 percent-from the baseline condition
of about 0.96 to about 0.46 lb/million Btu (418 to 200
ng/J). Under carefully controlled, optimized condi-
tions, NOx emissions were further reduced about an-
other 20 percent-to about 0.3 lb/million Btu (131 ng/
J). The DMB is a low-NOx pulverized-coal burner for
wall-fired boiler applications. It operates under reduc-
ing conditions in the primary flame zone to minimize
NOx emissions while an overall oxidizing environment
is maintained in the furnace to minimize slagging and
corrosion. (Copyright (c) U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, 1980.)
Keywords: *Air pollution control equipment, 'Nitrogen
oxides, Boilers, Design criteria, Combustion, Exhaust
gases, 'Retrofit devices, Air pollution abatement, Sta-
tionary sources, Air toxic substances.
PB88-2506S9/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Mixture Effect* in the Catalytic Oxidation of VOCs
(Volatile Organic Compounds) In Air. Final rept.
Jun 85-Dec 87,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
S. Gangwal, K. Ramanathan, P. Caffrey, M. Mullins,
and J. Spivey. Aug 88,84p EPA/600/7-88/017
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab., and Air Force Engineering and Serv-
ices Center, Tyndalt AFB, FL.
The report gives results of a study of the deep oxida-
tion of organic mixtures over a heterogeneous catalyst
in an attempt to explain earlier observations concern-
ing the apparent inhibition or enhancement of destruc-
tion of some components to establish a scientific basis
for the design and operation of catalytic incineration
systems for volatile organic compound (VOC) control.
The Mars/van Krevelen (MVK) reaction rate model
satisfactorily represented the results for some single
organic compounds at lower temperatures. By incor-
porating pore diffusion effects, the MVK model ade-
quately explains the single component data over the
entire temperature range for some of the compounds.
A multicomponent MVK model incorporating competi-
tive adsorption effects is moderately successful in pre-
dicting the observed behavior for a binary mixture of
benzene and n-hexane.
Keywords: 'Incinerators, "Catalysis, Mixtures, Mathe-
matical models, Kinetics, Oxidation, 'Volatile organic
compounds(VOC), 'Products of incomplete combus-
tion (PICs), Waste disposal, Air pollution control.
PB88-250774/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Developing Joint Probability Distributions of Soli
Water Retention Characteristics. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
R. F. Carsel, and R. S. Parrish. c1988,17p EPA/600/
J-88/073
Pub. in Water Resources Research v24 n5 p755-769
May 88. Prepared in cooperation with Computer Sci-
ences Corp., Athens, GA.
A method is presented for developing probability den-
sity functions for parameters of soil moisture relation-
ships of capillary head and hydraulic conductivity.
These soil moisture parameters are required for the
assessment of water flow and solute transport in un-
saturated media. The method employs a statistical
multiple regression equation proposed in the literature
for estimating capillary head or hydraulic conductivity
relationships using the soil saturated water content
and the percentage of sand and clay.
Keywords: 'Soil water, 'Capillary water, Regression
analysis, Statistical analysis, Probability distribution
functions, Hydraulic conductivity, Percolation, Perme-
ability, Ground water, 'Water flow, 'Waste disposal,
Reprints, Capillary head, Monte Carlo analysis.
PB88-250782/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Toxicity Reduction at Municipal Wastewater
Treatment Planta. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
T. W. Neiheisel, W. B. Horning, B. M. Austern, D. F.
Bishop, and T. L. Reed. 1988,13p EPA/600/J-88/072
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
v60 n1 p57-67 Jan 88. Prepared in cooperation with
Ohio State Environmental Protection Agency, Colum-
bus.
Treatment plants receiving wastewaters from domes-
tic/commercial sources and receiving wastewater
from domestic/commercial plus industrial sources
were evaluated to assess toxicity reduction and deter-
mine the importance of source. Seven-day renewal fat-
head minnow survival and growth and Ceriodaphnia
survival and reproduction tests were applied to raw
wastewater, unchlorinated, chlorinated, and dechiorin-
ated secondary effluents. All plant influents were toxic
and all plant effluents showed some residual toxicity.
The plant receiving the most toxic influent showed the
largest reduction in toxicity and had the least toxic ef-
fluents. Toxicity at plants with little industrial
wastewater flow was not reduced. Nitrification was re-
duced at one and a high metals concentration oc-
curred at another plant. Toxicity reduction and industri-
al wasteflow did not correlate strongly and potential re-
ceiving stream impacts were noted.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, Industrial wastes, Nitrification,
Sludge, Statistical data, 'Municipalities, 'Sewage
treatment, 'Activated sludge process, Minnows, Sur-
vival, Growth, Chemical removal(Water treatment).
PB88-250790/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Ion Abundance Criteria for Gas Chromatogra-
phic/Mass Spectrometry Environmental Analysis.
Journal article,
Lockheed-EMSCO, Las Vegas, NV.
J. R. Donnelly, G. W. Sovocool, and R. K. Mitchum.
C1988, 8p EPA/600/J-88/055
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
Pub. in Jnl. of the Association of Official Analytical
Chemists, v71 n2 p434-439 1988. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Mass and intensity calibration of gas chromatograph/
mass spectrometer (GC/MS) responses is an impor-
tant quality assurance issue for chemical analysis. Ion
abundance calibration with decafluorotriphenylphos-
phine (DFTPP) was applied in 1975 to standardize
quadrupole spectra to resemble the ion abundances
that were obtainable from magnetic sector mass spec-
trometers. Modern quadrupole mass spectrometers
provide significantly greater high-mass sensitivity than
allowed under the 1975 study. Thus, those recommen-
dations were reevaluated with two approaches. First,
an interlaboratory study was conducted using 15 differ-
ent gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS)
systems. Second, the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency Contract Laboratory Program (EPA-CLP) qual-
ity assurance data base was searched and over 6500
DFTPP tune results were plotted and evaluated.
Based on these approaches, updated ion abundance
criteria recommendations have been developed,
which contemporary instruments can meet, and which
meet data quality objectives regarding identification
and quantitative analysis of analytes.
Keywords: 'Environmental tests, 'Calibrating, Stand-
ards, 'Gas chromatography, 'Mass spectroscopy, Ac-
curacy, Quality assurance, Quantitative analysis, Re-
producibility, Phosphines, Chemical analysis, Reprints,
'Ion abundance, Decafluorotriphenyl phosphine.
PB88-250808/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Reactivity of the Carbonate Radical with Aniline
Derivatives. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
R. A. Larson, and R. G. Zepp. c1988,12p EPA/600/J-
88/053
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v7
n4 p265-274 Apr 88. Prepared in cooperation with Illi-
nois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Inst, for Environmen-
tal Studies.
Carbonate radicals generated by the photolysis of
H202 at 313 nm in aqueous sodium bicarbonate (pH
8.3) solution reacted with substituted aromatic amine
derivatives. Particularly fast reactions (second order
rate constants of 5 x 10 to the 8th power to 2 x 10 to
the 9th power were observed with anilines bearing
electron-donating substituents, either on the ring or at
the nitrogen atom. The results suggest that carbonate
radicals may play a significant rote in the removal of
some aromatic amines from the aquatic environment,
particularly in carbonate-rich waters.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Free radicals, 'Carbon-
ates, 'Chemical reactions, 'Anilines, 'Herbicides, Car-
cinogens, Reaction kinetics, Amines, Photolysis, Re-
prints, 'Toxic substances, Environmental fate.
PB88-250816/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pulse Energization In the Tuft Corona Regime of
Negative Corona. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lalb
N. Plaks. Jan 88, 7p EPA/600/J-88/050
Pub. in the Proceedings of the Institute of Electrostat-
ics Japan, v12 n1 p43-47 Jan 88.
The paper discusses pulse energization in the tuft
corona regime of negative corona. Fabric filtration,
with integral particle charging and collection in a com-
bined electric and flow field, is sensitive to maldistribu-
tion of current among bags energized by one power
source, especially when operating in the tuft corona
regime below glow corona onset. Pulse energization
superimposed on the direct current (DC) applied to the
bags tends to equalize the currents. Tne currents are
also equalized by misalignment. However, the mis-
alignment could cause sparking at lower applied vol-
tages. Pulse energization in tne tuft corona regime
could also be useful in electrostatic precipitators
(ESPs) if misalignment is mild.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Air pollution con-
trol equipment, 'Dust collectors, Air purification, Parti-
cles, Air filters, Dust filters, Fabric filters, Baghouses,
Filtration, Electrostatic precipitators, Reprints, Electric
corona, Current distribution, Pulse energization.
PB86-250824/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab
Low NOx, High Efficiency Multlataged Burner.
Gaseous Fuel Results. Journal article Aug 86-Apr
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. K. Srivastava, and J. A. Mulnolland. cFeb 88, 10d
EPA/600/J-88/049
Contract EPA-68-02-3988
Pub. in Environmentalk Progress, v7 n1 p63-70 Feb
88. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineer-
ing Research Lab.
The paper discusses the evaluation of a multistaged
combustion burner design on a 0.6 MW package boiler
simulator for in-furnace NOx control and high combus-
tion efficiency. Both deep air staging, resulting in a
three-stage configuration, and boiler front wall fuel
staging of undoped natural gas, yielding four stoichio-
metric zones, reduced the baseline NO emission by
about 50 percent to 160 ppm, meeting the program
goal. However, deep air staging resulted in the entire
front end of the boiler being fuakich and required pen-
etrations into the boiler for staged air injection. The
fuel staging results, on the other hand, required no
boiler penetrations and only a small fuel-rich flame
core in the boiler. Further, sufficient air for complete
oxidation of the primary combustion products was pro-
vided at the burner exit, prior to staged fuel and air in-
jection in the boiler, in the fuel staging tests.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Nitrogen
oxides, Air pollution abatement, Burners, Design crite-
ria, Natural gas, Reprints.
PB68-250832/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.	*
Waterborne Mycobacteria: An Increaaing Threat
to Health. Journal article,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
G. C. du Moulin, and K. D. Stottmeier. C1986, Bp EPA/
600/M-88/018
Grant EPA-R-812787
Pub. in American Society for Microbiology, v52 nlO
6525-529 Oct 86. Prepared In cooperation with Boston
niv., MA. School of Medicine. Sponsored by Health
Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
In recent years there have been increasing numbers of
reports on the emergence of disseminateid '"nrnao
due to mycobacteria other than Mycobacterium tuber-
culosis. Isolation of these organisms from normally
sterile sites including blood, bone marrow, and cere-
brospinal fluid have led to a renewed interest in the
ecology and human acquisition from environmental
sources such as water. The current epidemic of Ac-
quired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) as wellu
changing demographics will demand a hard look and
greater respect for these opportunistic pathogens bv
microbiologists and physicians who in the past have
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
only regarded them as contaminants or transient colo-
nizers. Interest in the ecology as well as the medical
aspects of mycobacteria are the subject of the review.
Keywords: 'Mycobacterium, 'Epidemiology, 'Water
C" ition, Demography, Ecology, Reprints, 'Water-
e diseases, 'Acquired immunodeficiency syn-
drome, 'Opportunistic infections, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), Mycobacterium chelonae, Hospital
infections, Boston(Massachusetts), Mycobacterium
avium complex, Mycobacterium gordonae, Mycobac-
terium fortuitum, Mycobacterium flavescens.
PBM-250840/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Combustion Practice for Control of Organic Emis-
sion* from Municipal Wasts-to-Energy Plants,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Chapel
Hill, NC. Eastern Operations Office.
W. R. Seeker, W. S. Lanier, and J. D. Kilgroe. Aug 88,
39p* EPA/600/D-88/194
Contract EPA-68-02-4247
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper summarizes studies sponsored by the EPA
to assess combustion practice that can be used to
minimize trace organic emissions. Although the study
was concerned primarily with defining good combus-
tion practice that will minimize the emission of toxic
congeners of dioxln and furans, the relationship of
combustion conditions to furnace emission of other
pollutants (e.g., particulates, heavy metals, NOx, CO,
and other orgamcs) was also considered. Recent ad-
vances in municipal waste combustion control tech-
niques were defined by discussions with most of the
major incinerator designers in the U.S. and Europe.
Combustion control strategies to minimize organic
emissions were then formulated using knowledge con-
cerning the formation and destruction of organics and
the best state-of-the-art engineering techniques for
achieving good combustion. These strategies were de-
veloped for three types of combustion systems: mass
bum, starved air, and refuse derived fuel.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Incinerators, 'Munici-
pal wastes, Combustion products, Design criteria, Air
pollution control equipment, Carbon monoxide, Toxici-
ty, Waste disposal, Hydrocarbons, Pollution sources,
Solid wastes, 'Volatile organic compounds, Waste
processing plants.
PB88-2S1137/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Solid Waste Dilemma: An Agenda for Action.
Background Document Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Sep 88,383p* EPA/530/SW-88/054A
See also PB88-2S1145.
The purpose of this 'Background Document' is to pro-
vide information to support the report entitled 'The
Solid Waste Dilemma: An Agenda for Action.' The
rida for Action describes the municipal solid waste
Don in this country, and presents a strategy to im-
prove the management of these wastes nationwide.
However, the strategy report only presents the analy-
sis behind its recommended actions in a summary
fashion. It is left to this Background Document to de-
velop the background data on the problem, and devel-
op the arguments for alternative solutions more corn-
Keywords: 'Municipal solid wastes, Environmental
Protection Agency, Pollution control agencies, Com-
prehensive planning, Reports.
PBM-251146/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
Solid Wast* Dilemma: An Agenda for Action. Ap-
pendices A-B-C. Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Sep 80,432p* EPA/S30/SW-88/0S4B
See also PB88-2S1137.
The Appendices A-B-C supplement the Background
Document for the Solid Waste Dilemma: An Agenda
for Action. The Appendices include major waste
stream components, other contributors to the waste
and factors determining the true costs of solid waste
management technologies.
Keywords: 'Municipal solid wastes, Environmental
Protection Agency, Pollution control agencies, Com-
prehensive planning, Reports.
PB88-2S1178/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2,4-
Toluenedlamlne.
Syracuse Research Corp., Cincinnati, OH.
May 86,107p EPA/800/X-86/144
Contract EPA-68-03-3228
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2,4-
Toluenediamine was prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Crite-
ria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response to
support listings of hazardous constituents of a wide
range of waste streams under Section 3001 of the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to
provide health-related limits for emergency actions
under Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmen-
tal Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. 2,4-Toluenediamine has been
evaluated as a carcinogen. The human carcinogen po-
tency factor (ql*) for 2,4-toluenediamine is 3.2 (mg/
kg/day)-1 for oral exposure. The Reportable Quantity
(RQ) value for 2,4-toluenediamine is 100.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Profiles, 'Hazardous materials,
Exposure,	Concentration(Composition),
Absorption (Biology), Toxicology, Excretion, Metabo-
lism, Standards, Toluedines, Arylamines, Fishes, In-
vertebrates, Humans, Neoplasms, 'Health effects,
'Environmental effects, 'Toluenediamine, Pharmaco-
kinetics, CAS 95-80-7, Environmental transport, Risk
assessment.
PB88-251202/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Eth-
ylbenzene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 88,120p EPA/600/X-86/145
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ethyl-
benzene was prepared by the Office of Health and En-
vironmental Assessment, Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response to support list-
ings of hazardous constituents of a wide range of
waste streams under Section 3001 of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to pro-
vide health-related limits for emergency actions under
Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental efects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Ethylbenzene has been determined to be a
systemic toxicant. An Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI),
for ethylbenzene is 0.097 mg/kg/day for oral expo-
sure. The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value for ethylben-
zene Is 1000.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, Profiles, 'Ethyl benzene, 'Haz-
ardous	materials,	Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Absorption(Biology),
Toxicology, Excretion, Metabolism, Standards, Aro-
matic hydrocarbons, Carcinogens, Invertegrates, Ver-
tebrates, Humans, 'Environmental effects, CAS 100-
41-4, Environmental transport, Aquatic organisms,
Risk assessment.
PBM-251244/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Malelc Anhydride.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jul 86,70p EPA/600/X-86/196
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
maleic anhydride was prepared by the Office of Health
and Environmental Assessment, Environmental Crite-
ria and Assessment Office, Cincinnati, OH for the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response to
support listings of hazardous constituents of a wide
range of waste streams under Section 3001 of the Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to
provide health-related limits for emergency actions
under Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmen-
tal Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA). Both published literature and information
obtained from Agency program office files were evalu-
ated as they pertained to potential human health,
aquatic life and environmental effects of hazardous
waste constituents. Maleic anhydride has been deter-
mined to be a systemic toxicant. An Acceptable Daily
Intake (ADI), for maleic anhydride is 0.10 mg/kg/day
for oral exposure. The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value
for maleic anhydride is 100.
Keywords: 'Maleic anhydride, 'Toxicity, Profiles,
'Hazardous	materials,	Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Absorption(Biology),
Toxicology, Excretion, Standards, Fishes, Inverte-
brates, Vertebrates, Humans, Respiration, Metabo-
lism, 'Health effects, 'Environmental effects, 'Toxic
substances, Pharmacokinetics, CAS 108-31-6, Envi-
ronmental transport, Human tolerances, Risk assess-
ment.
PB88-251251/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Recommendations for Future Research on Na-
tional Amblsnt Air Quality Standards for Ozone
and Lead. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
30 Sep 87,38p SAB/CASAC-87/036
The research recommendations for ozone are pre-
sented in three parts: (1) atmospheric chemistry; (2)
health effects; and (3) agriculture, forests and related
ecosystems. Each part is critical to setting an ozone
NAAQS. The latter two areas are critical in establishing
exposure-response relationships for the effects that
ambient ozone produces. However, without a better
understanding of exposure profiles, scientists and reg-
ulators cannot accurately establish the extent of the
effects of ambient ozone exposure on public health
and welfare. Without a better understanding of atmos-
pheric chemistry, the frequency of excessive expo-
sures or the influence of the various sources of the
ozone precursors cannot be predicted.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Ozone, 'Lead, Air pollution
abatement, Chemical properties. Atmospheric compo-
sition, Research projects. National ambient air quality
standards, Exposure, Dosage.
PB88-251384/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Overview of Sediment Quality In the United
States. Final rept.,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
W. J. Lyman, A. E. Glazer, J. H. Ong, and S. F. Coons.
Jun 87,204p EPA/905/9-88/002
Contract EPA-68-01-6951
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Water Regulations and
Standards.
The report provides an overview of sediment quality in
waters of the United States. The focus is on describing
qualitatively the nature and extent of contaminated
sediments, i.e., bottom deposits in rivers, lakes, har-
bors and oceans that have been polluted with heavy
metals, organic chemicals and other materials from
anthropogenic sources. Such materials, also called 'in-
place pollutants,' may be significantly impacting aquat-
ic ecosystems in some areas, and may be degrading
the quality of the overlying water to the extent that
water quality criteria are exceeded and that uses of the
water - by both aquatic life and humans - are impaired.
Major sections of the report provide information on: (1)
the nature of sediment contamination problems; (2)
sources of contaminated sediments; (3) available re-
sponses to sediment contamination; and (4) an over-
view of sediment quality criteria, used to classify sedi-
ments as polluted or not. There are appendices.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Water pollution, 'Environ-
mental surveys, United States, Metals, Organic com-
pounds, Contaminants, Evaluation, Rivers, Lakes,
Oceans, Harbors, 'Water quality, 'Water pollution
control, In-place pollutants. Cleanup operations.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-251582/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Regulatory Impact Analysis: Benefits and Costs
of Proposed Surface Water Treatment Rule and
Total CoHform Rule.
Miller (Wade) Associates, inc., Arlington, VA.
1 Sep 87,328p
Contract EPA-68-01 -7034
Errata sheets inserted.Portions ot this document are
not fully legible. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Drinking
Water.
The report contains an analysis of the costs and bene-
fits of controlling microbial contaminants in drinking
water through the promulgation of two regulations: (1)
the Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR); and (2)
the Total Coliform Rule. This regulatory impact analy-
sis (RIA) was prepared in accordance with Executive
Order 12291 which requires that the costs and bene-
fits of all major rules be examined and compared. The
major topical areas covered in the RIA are as follows:
problem definition; market imperfections, the need for
federal regulation, and consideration of regulatory al-
ternatives: assessment of total costs; assessment of
benefits; regulatory flexibility act and paperwork reduc-
tion act analyses; and a summary of costs and bene-
fits.
Keywords: Sanitary engineering, Potable water, 'Sur-
face waters, "Coliform bacteria, 'Benefit cost analysis,
Regulations, Microorganism controKWater), Facilities,
Tables(Data), Ground water, "Water treatment, *Wa-
terborne diseases, 'Water pollution control.
PB88-251640/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Plume Diffusion In a Residential Neighborhood
during Stable Conditions. Interim rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
B. Lamb, E. Allwine, and R. Eskridge. Aug 88,7p*
EPA/600/D-88/184
Prepared in cooperation with Washington State Univ.,
Pullman.
As part of the EPA Integrated Air Cancer Program, a
series of atmospheric tracer releases was conducted
to investigate plume dispersion under wintertime,
nighttime conditions in an urban valley as a basis for
determining the relative impact of nearby and far away
sources upon air quality monitoring sites. Hourly aver-
aged diffusion rates exceeded typical rural diffusion
rates by more than two stability classes and the McEl-
roy-Pooler urban diffusion curves by one stability class.
Horizontal diffusion rates estimated from turbulence
data measured at the source agreed within 38 percent
of the observed diffusion rates over distances of less
than 1 km.
Keywords: 'Plume detection, Smoke, Airborne wastes,
Combustion products, "Tracer studies, Residential
areas, Air pollution monitoring, Cancer, Atmospheric
dispersion.
PB88-251857/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park. NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Compensating for Sink Effects in Emissions Test
Chambers by Mathematical Modeling. Rept. for Jun
86-Feb 87,
Arkansas Univ., Fayetteville. Dept. of Mathematical
Sciences.
J. E. Dunn, and B. A. Tichenor. c1988,12p EPA/600/
Loa/119
Grant EPA-R-812305
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v22 nS p885-894
Jun 88. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lab.
The paper presents mechanistic mathematical models
that account for two phenomena: (1) interior surfaces
of a state-of-the-art emissions test chamber acting as
a transient sink for organic emissions; and (2) the
effect of Increasing chamber concentration on the
emission rate of the source. A key point is that the
effect of the chamber sink can be adjusted out simply
by first fitting the appropriate model, then setting to
zero the rate constant which governs sink adsorption/
absorption. As a consequence of the mathematical de-
velopment, a source emission rate as a function of
time and a steady state emission rate factor are given
precise definitions. (Copyright (c) Pergamon Press,
1988.)
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, Moni-
toring, Test chambers, Emission, Reprints, 'Volatile
organic compounds, Emission factors, Indoor air pollu-
tion, Stationary sources.
PB88-251665/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Role of Pathobiology In Experimental Marine Biol-
ogy and Ecology. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
J. A. Couch. 1988, 9p EPA/600/J-88/110
Pub. in Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and
Ecology, v118p1-6 1988.
The editorial explores the role of the pathobiologist
and problems encountered in estuarine/marine eco-
logical investigations. Four areas are proposed for co-
operative endeavor with scientists in other fields: (1)
toxicological pathology in aquatic species; (2) patho-
physiology of estuarine/marine species; (3) virology of
estuarine/marine species; (4) development of models
and paradigms among estuarine and marine orga-
nisms to study function and dysfunction of organismic
systems.
Keywords: 'Pathology, 'Marine biology, 'Ecology,
Diseases, Etiology, virology, Toxicology, Models, Re-
prints, 'Pathobiology, Aquatic organisms.
PB68-251673/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Molecular Characterization of 'Pseudomonas aer-
uginosa' Bacteriophages: Identification and Char-
acterization of the Novel Virus B86. Journal article,
Loyola Univ. of Chicago, IL.
J.J. Kilbane, and R. V, Miller. C1988, 10p EPA/600/J-
88/108
Pub. in Virology, v164 p 193-200 1988. Prepared in co-
operation with Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood,
IL. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Gulf
Breeze, FL.
The authors have characterized a new phage, B86, of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from nature. It Is a
temperate, uv-inducible, generalized transducing
phage. To determine the relatedness of his phage to
other characterized P. aeruginosa phages, DNA ho-
mology studies were carried out. P. aeruginosa phages
have previously been grouped by immunological
cross-reactivity. The studies confirm the classification
by demonstrating that phages of different class share
little or no DNA homology. Based on homology studies
as well as cross-immunity to superinfection, B86 is re-
lated to other class B phages and is most homologous
with phage B39. The virion morphology of these two
phages is quite different, however, as are the restric-
tion enzyme digestion patterns of their genomes with
several restrictions enzymes.
Keywords: "Bacteriophages, 'Viruses, 'Identifying,
Classifications, Deoxyribonucleic acids, Immunology,
Virology, Tests, Growth, Culture media, Morphology,
Isolation, Enzymes, Sensitivity, Electron microscopes,
Reprints, 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Lysogens.
PB86-2516B1/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Taratologlcal Effects of 2,4-Dinltrophenol, 'Pro-
duced Water' and Naphthalene on Embryos of the
Inland Sllverslde 'Menldia beryllina'. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
D. P. Middaugh, M.J. Hemmer, and E. M. Lores. 1988,
1 Sp EPA/600/J-88/107, GULF BREEZE CONTRIB-
613
Pub. in Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v4 p53-65
1988.
Embryos of the inland silverside, Menidia beryllina,
were exposed to three known (or suspected) terato-
gens: (1) 2,4-dinitrophenol; (2,4-DNP), (2) 'produced
water' (PW); and (3) naphthalene (NPH). Tests were
conducted by placing single embryos in glass tissue
culture tubes containing 6 ml of saline exposure
media. Twenty tubes were used for each exposure
concentration and controls. A severity-Index based
upon craniofacial, cardiovascular and skeletal terata
was used to rank responses each day. The com-
Counds tested caused teratogenic expressions in em-
ryos and larvae exposed from the 2 to 4 cell and blas-
tula stage through 7 to 8 days post-fertilization.
Keywords: 'Marine fishes, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicity,
Tests, Embryos, Herrings, Trout, Exposure, Malforma-
tions,	Abnormalities,	Skel,
Concentration(Composition), Response, Phenols, Car-
diovascular system, Naphthalene, Crude oil, Reprints,
'Menidia beryllina, Silversides, 'Clupea harengus, At-
lantic herrings, 'Teratogens, Dinitrophenol.
PB88-261699/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Combined Use of Biochemical Indicator* to
Assess Sublethal Pollution Effects on the Quit KH-
liflsh ('Fundulus grandis'). Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
W. P. Schoor, D. E. Williams, and J. J. Lech. C1988,7p
EPA/600/J-88/106
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v17 p437-44l 1988. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Medical Coll. of Wisconsin, Inc., Milwaukee.
Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology.
Sublethal biochemical markers were used to identify
liver enzyme induction in fish from a bayou in Pensaco-
la, Florida. Gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis, from a non-
polluted site were used in the study which included lab-
oratory-induced fish and their various controls as well
as the fish captured in the bayou. The biochemical
markers tested were liver to body weight ratios, total
content of cytochrome P-450, mixed function oxygen-
ase and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activities, and
the specific induction of the ML4b isozyme of the cy-
tochrome P-450 system. The findings suggest that
enzyme induction occurred at a sublethal level, indicat-
ing the presence of liver enzyme inducing substances
in the bayou.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Water pollution, 'Toxicology,
Chico Bayou, Oxidoreductases, Liver, Reprints, 'Fun-
dulus grandis, 'Gulf killifish, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), 'Water pollution detection, Enzyme
induction, Cytochrome P-450, Anyl hydrocarbon hy-
droxylases, Ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase.
PB88-251707/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Expression of the recA Gene of 'Pseudomonee
aeruginosa' PAO Is Inducible by DNA-Damaging
Agents. Journal article,
Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL.
R. V. Miller, and T. A. Kokjohn. c1988,5p EPA/600/J-
88/104
Pub. in Jnl. of Bacteriology, v170 n5 p2385-2387 May
88. Prepared in cooperation with Illinois Univ. at the
Medical Center, Chicago. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., QuV
Breeze, FL.
Western analysis using Escherichia coll anti-RecA
antiserum revealed that expression of the RecA pro-
tein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO is induced upon
exposure of the bacterium to UV irradiation or norfloxa-
cin, a quinolone related to nalidixic acid. (Copyright (c)
1S88, American Society for Microbiology).
Keywords: Ultraviolet radiation, Nitrogen [Heterocyclic
compounds, Reprints, 'Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
'Escherichia coli, 'Gene expression regulation,^R»cA
protein, DNA damage, Nonfloxacin, Quinoline carbox-
ylic acid/ethyl-fluoro-dihy6ro-oxo-(piperazinyl), CAS
70458-96-7.
PB88-251715/HSU	PC A02/MF AOl
Tolerance to Methachotfne Inhalation Challenge In
Nonasthmatlc Subjects. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
W. S. Beckett, W. F. McDonnell, and N. D. Wong.
C1988,5p EPA/800/J-88/103
Pub. in American Review of Respiratory Diseaaee.
v137 p1499-1501 1988. Prepared in cooperattonwSh
Yale Univ., New Haven, CT. School oi Medicine.
Airway responses to inhalation challenge with rnetha-
chollne in healthy nonasthmatic subjects were exam-
ined to determine whether attenuation of response oc-
curred upon repeated challenge. In one experiment-
progressively increasing tolerance to multipte-ctoee
challenges was seen with 4 challenges at 4 h interval*'
In another study, a smaller degree of toleranoe wee-
also seen when a single-dose challenge was conduct-
ed 3 times at 24 h intervals. In these studies, the doae»
of methacholine used to obtain responses in rwnuth.
matic subjects were higher than are required under
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
conditions of clinical methacholine challenge as a di-
agnostic test for asthma. Consequently, these findings
may be relevant only to investigations or epidemiologic
studies in which serial methachloline challenges are
performed at intervals of 24 h or less in nonasthmatic
subjects requiring higher cumulative doses of metha-
choline than do asthmatics.
Keywords: "Methacholines, 'Asthma, "Diagnostic
agents, Respiration, Diagnosis, Reprints, 'Drug toler-
ance, 'Bronchial provocation tests, Respiratory func-
tion tests.
PB88-251723/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Fabric Filtration with Integral Particle Charging
and Collection In a Combined Electric and Flow
Field. Part 1. Background, Experimental Work,
Analysia of Data, and Approach to the Develop-
ment of a Mathematical Engineering Design
Model, Journal article Oct 84-Jan 87,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
N. Plaks. 1988,22p EPA/600/J-88/082
Pub. in Jnl. of Electrostatics, v20 p247-266 1988. See
also PB88-251731.
The paper discusses a system of Integral particle
charging and collection in a combined electric and flow
field that has been developed to provide pressure drop
reductions that are larger than previously reported in
electrified fabric filtration. A mathematical model has
been developed that predicts the nonuniform deposi-
tion that results and the relative pressure drop as com-
pared to conventional nonelectrified filtration. The
paper gives the background in applying electrostatics
to fabric filtration. It discusses the technique for inte-
gral particle charging and collection In a combined
electrical field. It describes an experimental program
that would provide the data needed to prepare a math-
ematical engineering design model. Measurements of
areal density, drag, thickness, and dust cake bulk den-
sity were made upon particle layers deposited on
fabric filters with integral particle charging and collec-
tion with a combined electric and flow field.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, *Air filters,
Electrostatics, Electrostatic precipitators, Particles,
Data processing, Mathematical models, Reprints,
'Fabric filters, Baghouses, Filtration, Stationary
sources, Particulates.
PB88-251731/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Fabric Filtration with Integral Particle Charalng
and Collection In a Combined Electric and Flow
Field. Part 2. Development and Verification of the
Mathematical Engineering Dealgn Model. Journal
article Oct 84-Jan 87,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
N. Plaks. 1988, 26p EPA/600/J-88/083
Pub. in Jnl. of Electrostatics, v20 p267-290 1988. See
also PB88-251723.
The paper discusses the development of a mathemati-
cal engineering design model to predict the nonuni-
form deposition of particulate matter and the relative
pressure drop, compared to conventional filtration, of
fabric filtration with integral particle charging and col-
lection. For the model, the bag length is divided into a
number of increments for each of which collections for
the ESP and porous flow are computed separately.
Turbulent flow within the bag requires the use of the
Deutsch-Anderson relationship for the ESP collection.
The relative pressure drop is calculated by first relating
the computed areal density in each increment to the
drag, which is resistance to flow. The predictions for
small test bags, whose operation was outside the
range of assumptions used for model development,
were qualitatively correct. For large fabric filtration
bags of the size used in practical industrial applica-
tions, whose operation is within the range of assump-
tions, the model provides reasonably-well quantified
predictions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, *Air filters,
Mathematical models, Electrostatics, Particles, Design
criteria, Reprints, 'Fabric filters, Filtration, Stationary
sources, Particulates.
PB88-2S174S/H8U	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Ozone and Soil Water Deficit on Roots
and Shoots of Field-Grown Soybeans. Journal arti-
cle,
Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD. Plant
Stress Lab.
H. E. Heggestad, E. L. Anderson, T. J. Gish, and E. H.
Lee. C1988,22p EPA/600/J-88/121
Pub. in Environmental Pollution v50 p259-278 1988.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Water-stressed and well-watered soybean (Glycine
max cvs.Williams and Corsoy) plants were exposed to
increasing seasonal doses of ozone (03) using open-
top field chambers and ambient air plots. Chamber 03
treatments included charcoal filtered (CF) air, non-fil-
tered (NF) air, NF+0.03, NF+0.06 and NF+0.09 ul/
liter 03. Soil water potentials measured at 25 and 45
cm averaged - 040 M Pa and -0.05 M Pa, respectively,
for the plots in the water-stressed and well-watered
series. Total root length/core, root length densities,
and biomasses (dry weights) were determined. In both
soil moisture regimes, with both cultivars, there was a
linear decrease in seed yield and top dry weight as the
03 exposure dose increased.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Air pollution, 'Soybean plants,
Field tests, Soil water, Stress(Physiology), Growth,
Biomass, Weight(Mass), Length, Yield, Seeds, Re-
prints, 'Glycine max, Roots.
PBS8-251756/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Ozone and Water Stress on Canopy
Temperature, Water Use, and Water Use Efficien-
cy of Alfalfa. Journal article,
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
searCh Q^ntor
P. J. Temple, and L. F. Benoit. c1988,12p EPA/600/J-
88/122
Pub. in Agronomy Jnl. 80, p439-447 1 988. Sponsored
by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Ozone (03) and soil water deficit are two environmen-
tal stresses that significantly affect the growth and
yield of alfalfa. However, little is known of the re-
sponses of field-grown alfalfa to 03, and the effects of
the interaction between 03 and water stress on
canopy temperature and water relations of alfalfa have
not been previously reported. Water use, rate of soil
water depletion, or depth of effective rooting zone
were not affected by 03, whereas water stress signifi-
cantly reduced all three. Water use efficiency was sig-
nificantly reduced by 03. The effects of 03 on WUE
were attributed to premature senescence and abscis-
sion of older alfalfa leaves.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Stress(Physiology), 'Soil water,
'Growth, 'Hay, Leguminous plants, Water consump-
tion, Field tests, Irrigation, Droughts, Evapotranspira-
tion, Temperature, Yield, Reprints, 'Medicago sativa,
'Alfalfa.
PB88-251764/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Chemical and Physical Characteristics of Lakes In
the Northeastern United State*. Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
D. F. Brakke, D. H. Landers, and J. M. Eilers. C1988,
11 p EPA/600/J-88/123
Contract EPA-68-03-3246
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v22
n2 pi 55-163 1 988. Prepared in cooperation witn West-
ern Washington Univ., Belllngham. Inst for Watershed
Studies. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
The chemical status of 768 lakes in the northeastern
United States was determined as part of the Eastern
Lake Survey. The lakes were selected statistically, al-
lowing for estimates of the chemical conditions in the
northeastern lake population on the basis of 26 meas-
ured parameters. The objectives were to estimate the
numbers of acidic lakes in the Northeast and to de-
scribe associated chemical conditions in the lakes.
The largest number of acidic lakes in the NE was esti-
mated for the Adirondack area of NY; whereas the
fewest acidic lakes were estimated to occur in Maine.
Sulfate concentrations were lowest in Maine and high-
est in the Poconos Catskills, corresponding to the pat-
tern in sulfate deposition.
Keywords: 'Acidity, 'Water pollution. 'Lakes, Esti-
mates, Water analysis, Sulfates,
Concentration(Composition), Cations, Calcium, Mag-
nesium, Adirondak Mountains, Watersheds, Area, Alu-
minum, Maine, Vermont, Graphs(Charts), New Hamp-
shire, Tables(Data), Reprints, Northeastern
Region(United States).
PB88-251772/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Performance/Cost Estimates for Retrofitting Con-
trol Technologies at 12 Coal-Fired Power Plants.
Journal article,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. W. Jones, T. E. Emmel, and B. A. Laseke. C1988,7p
EPA/600/J-88/125
Contracts EPA-68-02-3994, EPA-68-02-3995
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v38
n6 p852-856 Jun 88. Prepared in cooperation with PEI
Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper gives results of estimating performance/
costs of retrofitting pollution control technologies at 12
coal-fired power plants. In cooperation with the states
of Ohio and Kentucky (in conjunction with EPA's state
acid rain program), efforts were undertaken to visit and
conduct detailed evaluations of 12 coal-fired plants-5
in Ohio and 7 in Kentucky and the Tennessee Valley
Authority system. A variety of commercial and ad-
vanced S02 and NOx control technologies-including
precombustion, combustion (in-furnace, and post-
combustion (flue gas cleanup) technologies-were ap-
plied to each plant through conceptual designs. Retro-
fit factors (applied to the capital cost of a new pollution
control system), cost adders (e.g., movement of exist-
ing equipment), and costs were developed for applying
the control technologies to the boilers of each plant.
Results of these and subsequent efforts will be valua-
ble in evaluations of acid deposition control strategies
by federal and state agencies and by electric utilities.
Keywords: 'Electric power plants, 'Cost estimates,
Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen oxides, Boilers, Reprints, 'Pol-
lution control equipment, Retrofitting, Coal utilization,
Acid rain.
PB8S-251780/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
SOx Out on a LIMB (Limestone Injection Multis-
tage Bumsr). Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Tnangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
D. C. Drehmel. 1988,6p* EPA/600/J-88/126
Pub. in Modern Power Systems, p73, 75, and 77 May
88.
The paper describes the most recent results from the
Limestone Injection Multistage Burner (LIMB) pro-
gram, covering results from the wall-fired demonstra-
tion. Tests were conducted to determine the efficacy
of commercial calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and of
calcium-lignosulfonate-modified Ca(OH)2. Perform-
ance of the modified sorbent was slightly better than
that of the commercial sorbent. Both sorbents easily
provided 50 percent capture of S02 at a calcium to
sulfur molar ratio of 2.0 or less, which is the goal of the
LIMB program. The paper also lists the major conclu-
sions from the LIMB program to date.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Air pollution control equip-
ment, Desulfurization, Electric power plants. Calcium
hydroxides, Reprints, 'Limestone injection, Air toxic
substances, Air pollution abatement, Calcium lignosul-
fonate.
PB88-251798/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Sublethal Neurotoxic Effects of the Fungicide
Bsnomyl on Earthworms ('Elsenia fetlda ). Journal
article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
C. A. Callahan, C. D. Drewes, and M. J. Zoran. C1987,
14p EPA/600/J-87/377
Pub. in Pestic. Sci. 19, p197-208 1987. Prepared in co-
operation with Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Zoolo-
9y-
Earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were treated by surface
contact exposure for four days with the fungicide ben-
omyl. Non-invasive electrophysiological recordings
after treatment with sublethal concentrations of 0.2-25
mg benomyl/litre of water indicated concentration-de-
pendent decreases in conduction velocity for the
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
medial and lateral giant nerve fibers. Threshold con-
centration for these effects was approximately two
orders of magnitude less than the LC50. The effects
on velocity were not accompanied by alterations in re-
fractory period or impairment of locomotory reflexes,
but persisted for at least several weeks after treat-
ment. It is concluded that benomyl had subtle and sub-
lethal neurotoxic effects on earthworm giant nerve
fibers.
Keywords: 'Fungicides, "Toxicity, 'Invertebrates,
'Ecology, Tests, Exposure, Carbamates,
Concentration(Composition), Nervous system,
Growth, Histology, Mortality, Necrosis, Electrophysio-
logy, Reprints, Eisania fetida, Earthworms, Benomyl,
LC 50.
PB88-251806/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Mobilization of Aluminum In a Natural Soil System:
Effects of Hydrologlc Pathways. Journal article,
Virginia Univ., Charlottesville. Dept. of Environmental
Sciences.
I. M. Cozzarelli, J. S. Herman, and R. A. Parnell. c1987,
18p EPA/600/J-87/379
Pub. in Water Resources Research, v23 n5 p859-874
May 87. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
A two-component soil water flow model was used with
an equilibrium speciation model WATEQF to study alu-
minum mobility in soils of a forested watershed. Analy-
sis of soil solution samples showed that aluminum con-
centrations decreased with depth. All waters con-
tained acid-soluble aluminum and exhibited a negative
correlation between pH and the inorganic monomeric
aluminum concentrations. Water in the shallow soil
showed different chemical compositions for the two
flow types, while C horizon micropore and macropore
waters were similar. Because of its shorter residence
time, water flowing in deep soil macropores underwent
less extensive neutralization and immobilization of
aqueous aluminum than micropore water.
Keywords: "Aluminum, "Soil water, Hydrology, Lysi-
meters, Chemical analysis, Ground water, Mineral de-
posits, Water chemistry, "Forest land,
Concentration(Composition), pH, Solubility, Virginia,
Reprints, Shenandoah National Park, Acid rain.
PB88-251814/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Cold Stress and Acute Organophosphorus Expo-
sure: Interaction Effects on Juvenile Northern
Bobwhlte. Journal article,
Unity Coll., ME.
C. C. Maguire, and B. A. Williams. 1987,8p EPA/600/
J-87/378
Contract 68-03-3246
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 16, p477-481 1987. Sponsored by Corvallis
Environmental Research Lab., OR.
The interaction of cold stress and acute chlorpyrifos
(O, O-diethyl 0-(3,S,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)-phosphor-
othioate) exposure was examined in juvenile northern
bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) as it relates to brain
cholinesterase (ChE) activity and mortality. Tempera-
tures spanned a 35.0C optimum to a 27.5C minimum;
oral doses of chlorpyrifos ranged from 0.25 to 3.0 mg
(8.3 to 100.0 mg/kg). Dose, temperature and body
weight were significant factors in the ChE response.
Cholinesterase activity in non-surviving quail was in-
hibited at low temperatures but was not affected sig-
nificantly by dose; dose, however, was the single
factor which significantly influenced mortality. The
LD50(4hrs) was approximately 91.3 mg/kg. These
data demonstrate that cold stress augments certain
toxic effects in juvenile northern bobwhlte and should
be considered when appraising pesticide hazards to
wildlife.
Keywords: "Cold stress, "Insecticides, "Birds, "Toxici-
ty, "Wildlife, Exposure, Phosphorus organic com-
pounds, Temperature, Brain, Cholinesterase, Dosage,
Mathematical models, Mortality, Interactions, Poisons,
Tables(Data), Reprints, "Colinus virginianus, Bob-
white, "Chlorpyrifos, LD50.
PB88-251830/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Metabolism of 2-Chloroblphenyl by Suspension
Cultures of Paul's Scarlet Rose. Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OH.
J. S. Fletcher, A. W. Groeger, and J. C. McFarlane.
c1987,8p EPA/600/J-87/439
Pub. in Bulletin of Environ. Contam. Toxicol., v39 p960-
965 1987. Prepared in cooperation with Oklahoma
Univ., Norman. Dept. of Botany and Microbiology.
Several studies have shown that plant-soil systems
were capable of degrading chlorinated biphenyls, with
the resulting accumulation of breakdown products in
both the plants and the soil. However, since these
studies were performed under field conditions, it is not
certain what portion of the degradation was due to
plant metabolism and what portion to that of soil mi-
crobes which have been demonstrated in pure culture
to degrade chlorinated biphenyls. This question is ad-
dressed in the present research by determining the
metabolism of 2-chlorobiphenyl provided asepticaily to
axenic cultures of Paul's Scarlet rose.
Keywords: "Plants(Botany), Tissue culture, Metabo-
lism, Chlorine organic compounds, Reprints, "Chloro-
biphenyl, "Paul's scarlet rose, "Toxic substances, Bl-
phenyl/chloro.
PB88-251848/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Development of Sulfur Dioxide and Ozone Expo-
sure Profiles That Mimic Ambient Conditions In
the Rural Southeastern United States. Journal arti-
cle,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
W. E. Hogsett, D. T. Tingey, and A. S. Lefohn. c1987,
13p EPA/600/J-87/376
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v21 n3 p659-669
1987. Prepared in cooperation with A.S.L. and Associ-
ates, Helena, MT.
A design for constructing experimental mixed-pollutant
exposure profiles that reflect regional 03 and S02 am-
bient air quality is described. The profiles were devel-
oped using hourly concentration data from monitoring
sites in the southeastern United States where slash
pine is indigenous, only using sites designated rural or
remote. Each site was characterized by concentration
frequency of occurrence and duration of concentration
values, length of time between episodes, and frequen-
cy of co-occurrence. A base profile, a 30-day hour-by-
hour concentation regime, was constructed using
averaged air quality characteristics from the selected
sites.
Keywords: "Sulfur dioxide, "Ozone, "Air pollution, Re-
prints, "Southeast Region(United States), "Rural
areas, Exposure, Air toxic substances, Risk assess-
ment.
PB88-2518S5/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Relationship of Aquatic Ecoreglons, River Basins
snd Physiographic Provinces to the Ichthyogeo-
graphlc Regions of Oregon. Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
R. M. Hughes, E. Rexstad, and C. E. Bond. c1987,12p
EPA/600/J-87/375
Contract EPA-68-03-3124
Pub. in Copeia, v2 p423-432 1987. Also pub. as
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, Agricultural Experiment
Station rept. no. TP-8107. Prepared in cooperation
with Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research
Unit, Fort Collins, CO., and Oregon State Univ., Corval-
lis. Agricultural Experiment Station. Sponsored by Cor-
vallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Records from 9100 collections of fishes from 1300
Oregon localities were subjected to cluster and de-
trended correspondence analyses to examine regional
patterns in fish faunas. The results were compared to
maps of aquatic ecoregions, river basins, and physio-
graphic provinces. There was considerable agreement
between the results of the multivariate analyses and
the aquatic ecoregions and river basins. The agree-
ment supports the use of aquatic ecoregions to help
explain ichthyogeographic regions. (Copyright (c)
1987, by the American Society of Ichthyologists and
Herpetologists.)
Ecoregions, Similarity.
PB88-251863/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Fate in Soil of a Recombinant Plasmid Carrying a
'Drosophlla' Gene. Journal article,
New York Univ., NY. Dept. of Biology.
M. A. Devanas, and G. Stotzky. C1986, 7p EPA/600/J-
86/496
Grants EPA-R-812484, EPA-R-809067
Pub. in Current Microbiology, v13 p279-283 1986
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab
OR.
A recombinant plasmid (C357;3.5 Mdal) containing
heterologous DNA(pBR322(2.6 Mdal) with cDNA for
an egg yolk protein from Drosophila grimshawi) in Es-
cherichia coli strain HB 101 survived in and was recov-
ered on selective media from sterile and nonsterile soil
during 27 days at frequencies similar to those of the E.
coli(pBR322) system. In sterile saline, the numbers of
all cells decreased during 34 days, but the numbers of
the plasmidless host declined less. There was no se-
lective loss of the heterologous DNA in either soil or
saline, as determined by colony hybridization with a
32P-labeled DNA probe for the cDNA, but the
HB101(C357) appeared to be less able than
HB10l(pBR322) to cope with conditions of starvation.
These results suggested that nonessential eucaryotic
DNA inserted into plasmid DNA has little effect on the
survival in soil or saline of the bacterial host and the
maintenance of the vector. (Copyright (c) 1986
Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.)	'
Keywords: "Escherichia coli, "Soils, Salt water, Surviv-
al, Reprints, "Drosophila grimshowi, "Environmental
fate, "Recombinant DNA, "Plasmids.
PB88-251871/HSU	PC A03/MF AOI
Hazardous Waste from Small Quantity Generators
in the United States,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
R. C. Herndon, J. E. Moerlins, C. M. Teaf, V. W.
Lambou, and J. D. Koutsandreas. 1988,11 p EPA/
600/D-88/193
Pub. in Hazardous Waste: Detection, Control, Treat-
ment, p943-951 1988. Prepared in cooperation with
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Biomedi-
cal and Toxicologica! Research and Hazardous Waste
Management.
The EPA must evaluate the potential impact of small
quantity generator hazardous waste on groundwater
contamination in the United States, focusing on poten-
tial groundwater contamination due to small quantity
generator hazardous waste disposal in municipal sani-
tary landfills. Data were analyzed from approximately
20,000 small quantity hazardous waste generators lo-
cated within all 67 counties in the State of Florida. The
Florida data provide a useful representation of the ha*.
ardous waste generation and management practices
of small quantity generators in the United States. The
small quantity generator hazardous waste study de-
scribed in the article has identified the types of waste
which pose a potential threat to groundwater in the
State of Florida.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Florida, 'Waste
disposal, Ground water, "Earthfills, "Municipalities.
Identifying, Sites, Earth fills, Metals, Oils, Reprints!
Hazardous wastes, Risk assessment.
PB88-252010/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lafr
Mathematical Modeling of Single Droplet Tratae.
tories In Combustor Flow Fields,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Durham,
W. S. Lanier, and S. B. Robinson. Aug 88,197c* EPA/
600/7-88/018
Contract EPA-68-02-4247
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency R*.
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy EngineWlna
Research Lab.
The report describes mathematical modeling and ex-
perimental work to examine the behavior of individual
Kiel droplets sprayed into a combustor, to determine
the parameters that could Influence incinerator effec-
tiveness. A computer model has been developed to
predict the motion, heating, and evaporation of such a
droplet in a heated environment. The gas flow field can
be specified with mean velocities or a randomly fluctu-
ating turbulent field, based on experimental values fni-
the standard deviation of the velocity. Numerical pr*.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
dictions of the initial heating and evaporation of an iso-
lated burning droplet are compared to experimental re-
sults. The predictions, which utilized measured tem-
perature and velocity gas fields, compared well to ex-
perimental observations. The correlation of droplet
penetration with droplet incineration suggests that in-
cinerator failure modes may be predicted on the basis
of droplet atomization parameters and gas field condi-
tions.
Keywords: 'Combustion, 'Hazardous materials,
Drops(Uquids), Ballistics, Fluid mechanics. Drag,
Evaporation, Mathematical models, Computer pro-
grams, Tables(Data), 'Liquid waste disposal, 'Inciner-
ation, Pollution control, Stationary sources, User
manuals(Computer programs).
PM8-252374/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Microbial Ecology of the Terrestrial Subsurface.
Rapt, for Oct 83-Sep 86,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
J. T. Wilson, and W. C. Ghiorse. c1988,65p EPA/600/
D-88/196
Pub. in Advances in Applied Microbiology, Section 4,
v33 p107-172 1988. Prepared in cooperation with Cor-
nell Univ., Ithaca, NY. Dept. of Microbiology.
A current view is presented of the microbial ecology of
the terrestrial subsurface by considering primarily the
ecology of shallow aquifer sediments. The properties
of the aquifer sediments and groundwater determine
their ability to support microbial life and control the
abundance and activities of microorganisms. Pore
size, nutrient limitations, availability of electron accep-
tors, and large surface area for attachment all may
have ma^or effects on microbial abundance and activi-
ties in aquifer material. Microorganisms are the pre-
dominant forms of life in the subsurface. They will be
found wherever enough space, nutrients, and water
are available for them to live. The function of contami-
nated aquifers should be regulated by the same proc-
esses that occur in pristine aquifers and with the con-
sideration that anaerobic processes will be more Influ-
ential in contaminated aquifers than in pristine
aquifers. (Copyright (c) Academic Press, 1988.)
Keywords: 'Soil microbiology, 'Ground water,
'Aquifers, Ecology, 'Sediments, Anaerobic process-
es, Abundance, 'water pollution abatement, Reprints,
Water quality, Microorganisms.
PB88-252382/H8U	PC A02/MF A01
Biological Effects and Dosimetry of Static and
ELF (Extremely Low Frequency) Electromagnetic
Fields,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C Blackman. 1987, 5p EPA/600/M-88/017
Pub. in Quarterly Review of Biology, v62 p129-130 Mar
87.
The book offers a good introduction to the research
field for students, as well as a valuable overall review
for the experienced investigator. The six chapters on
interactions provide concise descriptions of physical
processes for natural and man-made environmental
exposures and of well-established interaction mecha-
nisms. The section on dosimetry (five chapters) con-
tains some excellent reviews that clarify a complex
subject.
Keywords: 'Pollution, 'Electromagnetic radiation,
Electromagnetic fields, 'Exposure, Humans, Extreme-
ly low frequency, Dosimetry, Dosage, Books, Reprints.
PBM-262457/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Determining Pathogen Level* In Sludge Products.
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
N Goldstein, W. A. Yanko, J. M. Walker, and W.
JakubCWSkl. C1988,8pEPA/80O/M-88/016
Pub. In BloCycle, p44-47 and p67 May/Jun 88. Pre-
pared in cooperation with BloCycle, Emmaus, PA., and
Loa Angeles County Sanitation Districts, Whittier, CA.
San Jose Creek Water Quality Lab.
A year long search for pathogens in sludge products
that could be distributed and marketed (0 and M) to
the general public was completed recently for the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency by the County Sani-
tation Districts of Los Angeles County. The study ana-
lyzed 498 samples of sludge products that were taken
serially from 26 locations in 17 states over a period of
one year. Each sample was analyzed for over 15
pathogen and indicator microorganism groups. The
study round that the sludge products were remarkably
free of pathogenic viruses and viable parasitic ova.
Keywords: 'Bacteria, 'Viruses, 'Sludge disposal,
'Disease vectors, Sampling, Microorganisms, Indica-
tor species, Concentration(Composition), Marketing,
Composts, Quality, Tests, Reprints.
PB88-903100/HSU	Subscription
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Assist-
ance Administration Manual Updates. Irregular
repts.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Grants Administration Div.
1988, open series
Supersedes PB86-903100.
Paper copy available on subscription, North American
Continent price $80.00 for 2 years; all others write for
quote. Basic report available as PB85-903199.
The Assistance Administration Manual is the succes-
sor to the EPA Grants Administration Manual that was
first published by the Grants Administration Division
(GAD) in 1976. Tnis new Manual not only reflects sev-
eral major changes in Federal grant law that resulted
from enactment of the Federal Grant and Cooperative
Agreement Act of 1977, but also incorporates changes
required by several revised environmental statutes
adopted since that date. The Assistance Administra-
tion Manual provides policies and procedures for man-
aging administrative aspects of all EPA financial as-
sistance programs except the Scientific Activities
Overseas Program (funded by U.S. owned excess for-
eign currency). Questions on that program should be
directed to EPA's Office of International Activities. The
Manual is organized to track the application, award,
and post-award phases of the assistance process.
Keywords: 'Pollution, 'Grants, 'Air pollution, 'Water
pollution, Tables(Data), Solid waste disposal, Sewage
treatment Research projects, Air pollution control,
Water pollution control.
PB88-904200/HSU	Subscription
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Publica-
tions Bibliography, Quarterly Abstract Bulletin.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Administration.
1988,4 issues
Supersedes PB87-904200.
Paper copy available on subscription, North American
Continent price $90.00/year; all others write for quote.
Single copies also available.
EPA Publications Bibliography is a quarterly abstract
bulletin containing the abstracts, corporate source,
subject, contract number and title indexes. The fourth
issue of the year contains bibliographic citations with
abstracts for the preceding quarter and cumulative in-
dexes for the calendar year.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, 'Air pollution, 'Water pol-
lution, Abstracts, Sub|ect indexing, Authors, Technical
reports, Regulations, Standards, Waste disposal,
Public health, 'Environmental protection, Air quality
maintenance, Air pollution effects.
PB88-911600/HSU	Subscription
Pesticide Compact Label File Update.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1988,1 issue
Microfiche available on subscription, North American
Continent price $80.00/yean all others write for quote.
Basic set available as PB87-911699.
Photographs of updated and new pesticide labels plus
updated tndex to the entire compact label file are in-
cluded In the report.
Keywords: 'Documentation, 'Pesticides, Photo-
graphs, Microfilm, Labels, Information retrieval,
fndexes(Documentatlon).
PB88-911699/H8U	MFI700.00
Pesticide Compact Label File.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jan 88,3658p*
Supersedes PB87-911699. Updates available on sub-
scription as PB88-911600.
Microfiche copies only.
Photographs of pesticide labels plus updated index to
the entire compact label file. The 1988 file contains
3658 plus the index.
Keywords: 'Documentation, 'Pesticides, Microfilm,
Labels, Information retrieval, Indexes(Documentation),
Photographs, 'Consumer products, Updating.
PB88-912900/HSU	Subscription
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Test Sub-
missions Database (TSCATS) - Comprehensive
Update Tape. Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
E. Merrick. Sep 87, mag tape* EPA/560/7-88/012,
EPA/DF/MT-88/034
See also PB86-22086O, PB86-220795, PB86-220878,
and PB86-220803.
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. Call NTIS
Computer Products if you have questions. Available on
subscription, North American Continent price
$1200.00/year, individual issue $300.00; all others
write for quote. Issued quarterly.
The Toxic Substances Control Act Test Submissions
Database (TSCATS) was developed to make unpub-
lished test data available to the public. The test data is
submitted to the US Environmental Protection Agency
by industry under the Toxic Substances Control Act.
Test is broadly defined to include case reports, episod-
ic incidents, such as spills, and formal test study pres-
entations. The database allows searching of test sub-
missions according to specific chemical identity or type
of study when used with an appropriate search retriev-
al software program. Studies are indexed under three
broad subject areas: health effects, environmental ef-
fects and environmental fate. Additional controlled vo-
cabulary terms are assigned which describe the exper-
imental protocol and test observations. Records identi-
fy reference information needed to locate the source
document, as well as the submitting organization and
reason for submission of the test data. TSCATS on
magnetic is updated quarterly in March, June, Septem-
ber and December each year. Each update is a com-
plete restatement of the entire database.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Hazardous materials, Tests,
Magnetic tapes, 'Toxic Substances Control Act,
•TSCA test submissions data base, 'TSCATS data
base, 'Chemical spills, US Environmental Protection
Agency, Industry, Hazardous materials spills, Environ-
mental effects, Public health.
PB88-913800/HSU	Subscription
Resource Conservation Recovery Act Notification
Data FNe. Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
S. Levy, P. Murray, and W. Sprow. 31 Dec 87, mag
tape EPA/DF/MT-88/037
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only.
Available on subscription, North American Continent
price $2000.00/year, each quarterly issue $500.00; all
others write for quote. For price at 6250 bpi density,
call NTIS Computer Products.
The file contains data compiled for the Resource Con-
servation Recovery Act. Notification of Hazardous
Waste Activity, EPA Form 8700-12, was used to col-
lect the data. The file was updated with information
compiled from the Application for a Hazardous Waste
Permit, EPA Form 3510-3. The data include names
and addresses of the facility owner and operator, as
well as the facility contact name and number. The data
indicate whether a facility is a generator, treatment/
storer/disposer, and/or transporter of hazardous
waste. There is also a listing of code numbers of waste
handled taken from 40 CFR, Part 261. The file is pro-
duced on a quarterly basis.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Hazardous materials, 'Facili-
ties, Magnetic tapes, Resource Conservation Recov-
ery Act, Quarterly indexes, EPA regions.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB88-914300/HSU	Subscription
Hazardous Wast* Data Management System
(HWDMS) Facility Location Extract Tape. Data
files.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
1988, magtapes*
See also PB88-913800 and PB88-913801.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Available on subscription, North American Conti-
nent price $800.00/year; individual issue $200.00; all
others write for quote. Issued quarterly.
The file contains data on hazardous waste handlers,
and/or generators, that is stored in the Hazardous
Waste Data Base (HWDMS). The information is com-
piled from the notification of Hazardous Waste Activity,
EPA Form 8700-1, and Forms 3510-3, Application for
Hazardous Waste Permits. The data includes names
and addresses as well as locational information for all
notifying Treatment, Storage, and Disposal (TSD) Fa-
cilities, as well as for all notifying generators of at least
1,000 KG/MO of non-active hazardous wastes or 1
KG/MO of acute hazardous wastes. EPA does not
claim that HWDMS contains all the potential regulated
hazardous waste facilities that exist or will exist. Al-
though the property in which you are interested is not
currently listed in the data base, this is not a guarantee
that a hazardous waste problem will not exist there.
Keywords: "Data file, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste
disposal, Magnetic tape, Storage, State government,
Sources, Sites, 'Hazardous waste database, 'Waste
treatment, 'Waste management, Hazardous waste
generators.
PB88-914800/HSU	Subscription
CERCLIS (Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation, and Liability Information
System) Site Location Extract Data files.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
1988, magtapes
See also PB88-913801 and PB88-913800.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Available on subscription, North American Conti-
nent price $800.00/year; individual issue $200.00; all
others write for quote. Issued quarterly.
The file contains data on potential Hazardous Waste
Sites that have been reported to the Environmental
Protection Agency by states, municipalities, private
companies, and private persons, pursuant to section
103 of the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980, as
amended. The file contains information on the name
and alias names, location, and indicators for National
Priority status and Federal Facility. CERCUS may not
contain all the potential hazardous sites that exist.
Therefore, although the property of interest is not cur-
rently listed in the data base, this is not a guarantee
that a hazardous waste problem does not exist there.
Keywords: 'Data file, Hazardous materials, Sites,
Waste disposal, Magnetic tapes, 'Hazardous waste
sites.
PB89-10015Q/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistratlon of Pesticide
Products Containing Benomyi as the Active Ingre-
dient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jun 87,194p EPA/540/RS-88/111
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient, benomyi. The document includes
how to register under a registration standard, regula-
tory position and rationale, and summaries of date re-
quirements and data gaps. Also included is a bibliogra-
phy containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA
in arriving at the positions and conclusions contained
in the standard.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Fungicides, 'Standards, Chem-
istry, Regulations, Tabies(data), * Pestodes Toxic tol-
erances, Metabolism, Pesticide residues. Labelling,
'Benomyi, Carbamic acid/butylaminocarbonyl-benzi-
midazoyl-(methyl ester), Environmental effects, Path
of pollutants, CAS 17804-35-2, Risk assessment, Envi-
ronmental fate, Aquatic organisms.
PB89-100226/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Effectiveness of Local Exhaust Ventilation for
Drum Filling Operations. Final rept.,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
V. Kumar. 13 May 88,134p EPA/560/4-88/007
Contract EPA-68-02-4248
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Toxic Substances.
The effectiveness of Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV)
in capturing vapors generated was evaluated using a
drum-filling operation as an example. The experiment
consisted of measuring the effectiveness of three LEV
systems (a canopy hood, a slot hood, and a lay-on
hood). It was found that when operated at the ACGIH
design flow rates, the hoods were highly effective in
capturing emissions from drum-filling operation. Cap-
ture efficiencies for canopy hoods ranged from 93 to
100 percent based on total emission from the drum; for
the slot hood and the lay-on hood capture efficiencies
were determined to be 95 to 100 percent and 100 per-
cent, respectively. In general, it was found the efficien-
cy of an LEV system for a drum-filling operation is inde-
pendent of the concentration of emission leaving the
drum. The drum fill rate, which determines emission
velocity at the drum bung hole, has been shown to
affect LEV efficiency for the slot hood used in the
study.
Keywords: 'Exhaust hoods, Chemical industry,
Drums(Containers), Ventilation, Air pollution control
equipment. Air pollution abatement, Volatile organic
compounds(VOC), Pollution control, "Occupational
safety and health.
PB89-100333/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division Standard Evaluation
Procedure, Qualitative Nature of the Residue:
Plant Metabolism,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
M. F. Kovacs. 1 Aug 88.18p EPA/540/09-88/102
Plant metabolism studies are designed to characterize
the qualitative nature of the total terminal residue in
plants. Specifically, these studies should provide an
estimate of total residues in the treated crop, identify
the major components of the total terminal residue
thus indicating the components to be looked for in resi-
due quantification studies, indicate the distribution of
residues in the treated crop, and show the efficiency of
extraction procedures for various components of the
residue. The SEP describes in a detailed, sequential
stepwise manner how EPA reviewers evaluate plant
metabolism studies, and what type of information Is
taken into consideration in the review process.
Keywords: 'Pesticide residues, 'Plant metabolism,
'Standards, 'Farm crops, Evaluation, Hazardous ma-
terials, 'Toxic substances.
PB89-100341/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Fate and Effects Division: Stand-
ard Evaluation Procedure Anaerobic Soil Metabo-
lism Studies,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
S. Hong. 7 Sep 88,24p EPA-540/09-88/104
The Standard Evaluation Procedure (SEP) describes
the procedures used by EPA to evaluate studies on the
rate of degradation of pesticide residues in the labora-
tory under anaerobic conditions in soil. The SEP pro-
vides a data reviewer with important guidance in deter-
mining the acceptability of an anaerobic soil metabo-
lism study. Details of the proper study design are out-
lined and the relevance of each aspect of the study
design pertinent to pesticide degradation under anaer-
obic conditions is explained. The information is to be
used by the reviewer as guidance in determining study
acceptability. The document outlines the general
theory of pesticide degradation and provides an over-
view of the methods used for calculating pesticide
degradation rates and half-lives. Important points to
consider in assessing the data and in drawing conclu-
sions about the degradation rate of pesticide residues
under anaerobic conditions in soil are discussed.
Keywords: 'Standards, 'Pesticides, 'Soil tests, 'Deg-
radation, Anaerobic conditions, Evaluation, Metabo-
lism, Hazardous materials, Kinetics, Soil microbiology
'Pesticide residues, 'Environmental fate.
PB89-100358/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division Standard Evaluation
Procedure, Terrestrial Field Dissipation Studies,
Environmental Protection Agency, WashingtonTuC
Office of Pesticide Programs.
S. Hong, C. Eiden, M. Barrett, and M. Lorber. 7 Seo 88
28p EPA/540/09-88/103	'
The Standard Evaluation Procedure (SEP) describes
the procedures used by EPA to evaluate studies on the
dissipation and movement of pesticide residues in the
field. The SEP provides a data reviewer with important
guidance in determining the acceptability of a terrestri-
al field dissipation study. Details of the proper study
design are outlined and the relevance of each aspect
of the study design pertinent to pesticide degradation
is explained. The information is to be used by the re-
viewer as guidance in determining study acceptably.
The document outlines the general theory of pesticide
degradation and provides an overview of the methods
used for calculating pesticide degradation rates and
half-lives. Important points to consider In assessing
the data and in drawing a conclusion about the dissipa-
tion and movement of pesticide residues in the field
are discussed.
Keywords: 'Standards, 'Pesticides, 'Field tests, *So#
tests, Degradation, Hazardous materials, Methodolo-
gy, Evaluation, Kinetics, 'Pesticide residues, 'Path of
pollutants,'Environmental fate.
PB89-100366/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division Standard Evaluation
Procedure, Inhalation Toxicity Testing,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC
Office of Pesticide Programs.
S. B. Gross, and F. J. Vocci. 1 Aug 88,48p EPA-540/
09-88/101
The Standard Evaluation Procedure (SEP) for Inhala-
tion Toxicity Testing discusses the requirements for in-
halation toxicity testing defined in the Agency Guide-
lines. It discusses the different types of inhalation ao^
perriments that are usually carried out, the spei
usually used, exposure and generating systems,
the analyses of the exposure atmospheres. The Set-
explains the reasons for the different requirements and
how the requirements are usually met There is some
discussion on dealing with various problems Which
arise in these tests and a brief discussion on the hsaln
for rejecting an inhalation study.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Toxicol oov
'Standards, 'Pesticides, Respiration, Methodology
Evaluation, Exposure, Laboratory animals, Partk&i
size, "Test chambers, Toxicity, 'Inhalation.
PB89-100374/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistratlon of rssllulus
Products Containing Fenamlphoa as the Acttveln-
Gradient.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washinoton ' DP
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jun 87.169p EPA/540/RS-88/110
The document contains information regardina the rao.
istration of pesticide products containing the aubkSf
active ingredient, fenamiphos. The document includS
how to register under a registration standard,
tory position and rationale, and summaries of diiterE
quirements and data gaps. Also included is a b(bij{W«
phy containing citations of all studies reviewed bvEPA
In arriving at the positions and conclusions contab£3
in the standard.	^
Keywords: "Standards, "Toxicity, 'Pesticides;
ticides, 'Nematicides, Regulations, ManufaotiaSSa
Chemistry, Residues, Toxic tolerances, ToxioolrviJ'
Pesticide residues, Labelling, "Fenamiphos
pollutants. Isopropylpfwsphorarnide/O-eitaHUv
(methyl-methylthiophenyi). CAS 22224-92-6, ErrAuZZ
mental effects, Risk assessment, Aquatic organisms/'
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB89-100838/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Radiation Data: Report SI, July-
September 1987. Final rept.
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
Mar 88,50p EPA/520/5-88/013
See also PB88-194832.
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) is a quarterly
report that contains data from the Environmental Radi-
ation Ambients Monitoring System (ERAMS). Data
from similar networks operated by contributing States,
Canada, Mexico, and the Pan American Health Organi-
zation are reported in the ERD when available. The
ERAMS is comprised of nationwide sampling stations
that provide air, surface and drinking water and milk
samples from which environmental radiation levels are
derived. Sampling locations are selected to provide
optimal population coverage while functioning to moni-
tor fallout from nuclear devices and other forms of ra-
dioactive contamination of the environment. The radi-
ation analyses performed on these samples include
gross alpha and gross beta levels, gamma analyses
for fission products, and specific analyses for uranium,
plutonium, stronium, iodine, radium, krypton, and triti-
um.
Keywords: 'Radiation measuring instruments, 'Fall-
out, Radioactivity, Air sampling, Milk, Potable water,
Surface water, Fission products, Environmental trans-
mit Radioactive isotopes, Sampling, 'Environmental
monitoring, Drinking water.
PB89-100867/HSU	PC A15/MF AOt
Reducing Lead in Drinking Water: A Benefit Anal-
ysts. Draft rept. (Final),
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
R. Levin. Dec 86,350p EPA/230/09-86/019
An analysis estimates some of the benefits that could
result from reducing exposure to lead in community
drinking water supplies. There are two primary catego-
ries of benefits evaluated: The public health benefits of
reduced lead exposure and reduced materials dam-
ages relating to the phenomenon of lead's presence in
dnnking water. In addition, because the calculation of
health benefits depends on the extent of human expo-
sure, another chapter presents the available data on
ttie- occurrence of lead in public water supplies, and
estimates of the population exposed to drinking water
exceeding the proposed standard pf 20 ppb. In as-
sessing vie benefits of the proposed reduced lead
standard, the analysis assumes that EPA will act to
reduce lead levels In drinking water, as well as to main-
tain the current high quality of water leaving the treat-
ment plant. It also relies upon assumptions about
drinking water use and consumption patterns.
Keywords: 'Lead, 'Benefit cost analysis, 'Exposure,
Toxicity, "Public health, "Water supply, "Drinking
water.
PB89-100911/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Review of the Office of Policy, Planning and Eval-
uation's Integrated Environmental Management
Program. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
24 Jul 87,85p SAB/EC-87/034
The Subcommittee on Lead Benefit Analysis of the
EPA Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee conduct-
ed a review and concluded that the revised document
provides a defensible presentation of the benefits that
We analyzed. The revised document included written
comments made by the Subcommittee prior to its
March 10,1987 public meeting. There are potentially
substantial benefit categories that are currently ex-
cluded in the analysis, such as the likely relative mag-
nitude of benefits for individuals in lead-based painted
homes, fetal impacts (reduced birth weight and early
developmental effects), and other benefit categories.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, Performance
evaluation, Project management, PERT method, Re-
search management, Design criteria, "Pollution, Water
pollution,' Air pollution, Lead(Metal), Environmental im-
pacts, Risk, Environmental Protection Agency.
PB89-101109/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of the Developmental Toxicity of
Sodium Nitrite in Long-Evans Rats (Journal Ver-
sion). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
A. C. Roth, G. E. Herkert, J. P. Bercz, and M. K. Smith.
1987,11 p EPA/600/J-87/390
Pub. In Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, v9 n4
P668-677 Nov 87.
Sodium nitrite administered in the drinking water to
Long-Evans rats during pregnancy and lactation se-
verely affected erythropoietic development, growth
and mortality in their offspring. There were no signifi-
cant differences between treated and control litters at
birth. Thereafter, pups of treated dams on 2 and 3 q
NaN02/L gained less weight, progressively became
severely anemic and began to die by the third week
postpartum. By the second week postpartum, hemo-
globin levels, RBC count, and MCV's of these pups
were all drastically reduced compared to controls.
Blood smears showed marked anisocytosls and hy-
pochromasla. Gross chylous serum lipemia and fatty
liver degeneration were noted. The data presented are
consistent with the lactational induction of severe iron
deficiency in the neonata.
Keywords: 'Toxic substances, "Nitrites, 'Toxicity, Hy-
pochromic anemia, Pregnancy, Lactation, Prenatal ex-
posure delayed effects, Laboratory animals, Sodium
inorganic compounds, Mortality, Exposure, Hematolo-
gy, Growth, Histology, Pathology, Liver, Reprints.
PB89-101117	Not available NTIS
Acute and Subchronlc Toxicity In Rats of Trana-
1,2-Dlchloroethylene In Drinking Water (Journal
Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
J. R. Hayes, L. W. Condie, J. L. Egle, and J. F.
Borzelleca. C1987,10p EPA/600/ J-87/389
Pub. in Jnl. of the American College of Toxicology, v6
n4 p47l -478 Sep 87, Prepared in cooperation with Vir-
ginia Commonwealth Univ., Richmond. Dept. of Phar-
macology and Toxicology.
Trans-1,2 dichloroethylene has been identified in
drinking water at a concentration of approximately 1.0
micrograms/liter. The study provides data on the ef-
fects of trans-1,2 dichloroethylene in drinking solu-
tions. The acute oral LD50 in male and female Charles
River rats was found to be 7902 mg/kg for males and
9939 mg/kg for females. Male and female Charles
River rats receive theoretical daily doses of 500,1500
and 3000 mg/kg b.w./day for 90 consecutive days.
There were no compound-related deaths. There were
no consistently significant dose-related effects on any
of the hematological, serological or urinary parameters
evaluated. There were dose-dependent increases in
the liver and kidney weights and ratios. There were no
compound-related gross or histological effects. These
data suggest that exposure of humans to reported
levels of trans-1,2 dichloroethylene does not consti-
tute a serious health hazard.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, "Toxic substances, "Potable
water, "Dichloroethylenea, Histology, Organ weight,
Laboratory animals, Chlorine organic compounds, Ex-
posure, Reprints, 'Health effects, Ethene/trans-dlch-
ioro, CAS 156-60-5, Risk assessment.
PB89-101126	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Synthesis of New Cyclopenta-Fused PAH (Polycy-
clic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) Isomers of Cata-An-
nelated Benzenold Systems (Journal Version).
Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Sohool of Public
Health.
R. Sangalah, and A. Gold. C1987,8p EPA/600/J-87/
Grant EPA-R-811817
Pub. in Jnl. of Organic Chemistry, v52 p3205-3211
1987. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
The syntheses of three new benz-annelated deriva-
tives of aceanthrylene and acephenanthrylene are re-
ported. These systems are of interest in studies on
mechanisms of bloactivation and structure-activity cor-
relations because of their predicted high level of bio-
logical activity. Of the three isomers,
benz(d)aceanthrylene has been synthesized by two
routes involving Friedel-Crafts acylations of 1,2,3,4-te-
trahydronaphthacene with chloroacetyl chloride or
oxalyl chloride as the key step. The cyclic ketone prod-
uct from each route has been successfully elaborated.
Synthesis of benz(k)aceanthrylene involves prepara-
tion of acenaphthene-3,4-di-carboxylic anthdride and
its smooth conversion. A straightforward and high-
yield synthesis of benz(j)acephenanthrylene is de-
scribed utilizing a Robinson annelation reaction of
methyl vinyl ketone with a previously reported ketonic
precursor of acephenanthrylene. (Copyright (c) 1987
American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons,
'Chemical reactions, Reprints, 'Benzaceanthrylene,
'Benzacephenanthrylene, CAS 19770-52-6, CAS
16683-64-0, CAS 216-48-8.
PB89-101158/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of a Rssistively Heated Metal Monolith
Catalytic Converter on an M100 Neat Methanol-
Fueled Vehicle. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology and Applications Branch.
D. M. Blair, and G. K. Piotrowski. Aug 88,35p EPA/
AA/CTAB-88/08
A prototype metal monolith catalytic converter, which
may be resistively heated, was emission-tested on a
M100 neat methanol-fueled 1981 Volkswagen Rabbit.
The catalytic converter, when tested as a three-way
catalyst without resistive heating, controlled emissions
over the Federal test procedure (FTP) to levels previ-
ously obtained by ceramic substrate converters coated
with noble metal catalyst formulations. Resistively
heating the catalyst substantially lowered emissions of
hydrocarbons (HC) and formaldehyde (HCHO) com-
pared to those from the unheated tests. Also included
is the test procedures, test vehicle specifications,
heating strategy evaluation tests, catalytic converter
specifications and the modification of the proposed
methanol-fueled vehicle.
Keywords: "Catalytic converters, "Emission tests. Ex-
haust emissions, Automotive fuels, Motor vehicle en-
gines, Engine tests, Methanols, Catalyst tests, Evalua-
tion, Resistance heating.
PB89-101208/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Advanced Utility Simulation Model Documentation
of System Design State Level Model (Version 1.0).
Final rept. Sep 80-Aug 85,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Coll. of Engineer-
ing.
C. J. Badger, and H. Ojah/o. Aug 88,149p EPA/600/8-
88/071 C
See also PB88-204268. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report is one of 11 in a series describing the initial
development of the Advanced Utility Simulation Model
(AUSM) by the Universities Research Group on Energy
(URGE) and its continued development by the Science
Applications International Corporation (SAIC) research
team. The AUSM is one of four stationary source emis-
sion and control cost forecasting models developed by
EPA for the National Acid Precipitation Assessment
Program (NAPAP). The AUSM projects air pollution
emissions (S02 and NOx), generating technology
types and costs of operation, and combinations of
fuels and emission control technologies to simulta-
neously meet electric demand and emission con-
straints on a least cost basis for each year through
2010. Thirteen electric demand regions are simulated,
and output is provided for each of the 48 states. The
initial version of AUSM, designated Version 1.0, was
delivered by URGE in November 1984 and August
1985. Further development of the AUSM by SAIC be-
tween 1985 and 1988 has resulted in the development
of Versions 2.0 and 3.0. Reports describing these revi-
sions by SAIC to the initial Version 1.0 oT AUSM are
also port of the series.
Keywords; "Air pollution control, "Electric power
demand, "Emission factors, Computerized simulation,
Mathematical models, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfer diox-
ides, Stationary sources, Acid rain. Fuels, Cost analy-
sis, Tables(Data), Computer programming.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB89-101224/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Proceedings of the Conference on Polnt-of-Uee
Treatment of Drinking Water Held at Cincinnati,
Ohio on October 6-8,1987.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Jun 88,1S7p EPA/600/9-88/012
Prepared in cooperation with American Water Works
Association, Denver, CO.
A Conference on Point-of-Use Treatment of Drinking
Water was held on October 6-8,1987, to provide infor-
mation on the application of point-of-use (POU) and
point-of-entry (POE) systems for treating drinking
water to a wide-cross section of people interested in
the technology. The report is a compilation of the
speakers' papers. Administrative and technical topics
covered are regulatory activities, consumer education/
protection, treatment, the microbiology of GAC sys-
tems, and system applications. The proceedings con-
cluded with a series of papers prepared by representa-
tives of EPA, American Water Works Association,
Water Quality Association, and the general public who
expressed their point of view on POU/POE Treatment.
Keywords: 'Drinking water, "Water treatment, "Meet-
ings, Regulations, Microorganism control(Water),
Water quality, Purification, Consumer education,
Health protection.
PB89-101877	Not available NTIS
Mutagenic Determination of Passive Smoking
(Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
P. I. Ling, G. Loefroth, and J. Lewtas. C1987,7p EPA/
600/J-87/388
Pub. in Toxicology Letters, v35 p147-151 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Nordic School of Public
Health, Goeteborg (Sweden), and Stockholm Univ.
(Sweden).
The mutagenic activity of tobacco smoke has been fur-
ther investigated with the plate incorporation method
and a microsuspension technique of the Ames Salmo-
nella assay. The microsuspension test gives a higher
response than the conventional plate incorporation
test. It is possible to detect environmental tobacco
smoke in moderately smoky indoor environments by
collection of particulate matter with personal low
volume samplers followed by particle extraction and
mutagenicity testing with the microsuspension assay.
Keywords: "Tobacco smoke pollution, "Toxicology,
Mutagenicity tests, Sampling, Indoor air pollution, Sal-
monella, Particulates, Reprints.
PB89-101885	Not available NTIS
Finite-Difference Electromagnetic Deposition/
Thermoregulatory Model: Comparison between
Theory and Measurements (Journal Version).
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. J. Spiegel, M. B. E. Fatmi, and T. R. Ward. C1987,
16p EPA/600/J-87/385
Pub. in Bioelectromagnetics, v8 p259-273 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The rate of the electromagnetic energy deposition and
the resultant thermoregulatory response of a block
model of a squirrel monkey exposed to plane-wave
fields at 350 MHz were calculated using a finite-differ-
ence procedure. Noninvasive temperature measure-
ments in live squirrel monkeys under similar exposure
conditions were obtained using Vitek probes. Calcula-
tions exhibit reasonable correlation with the measured
data, especially for the rise In colonic temperature.
(Copyright (c) 1987 Alan R. Liss, Inc.)
Keywords: "Electromagnetic radiation, "Dosimetry,
"Body temperature regulation, Salmiri, Anatomical
models, Computer simulation, Laboratory animals,
Electromagnetic absorption, Reprints.
PB89-101893/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Flushing and Scouring Flows for Habitat Mainte-
nance In Regulated Streams. Technical rept. (Final),
Battelle Environmental Program Office, Washington,
DC.
1146 Vol. 90, No. 24
R. W. Nelson, J. R. Dwyer, and W. E. Greenberg. 1988,
207p
Contract EPA-68-01 -6986
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Criteria and Standards Div.
The study explores the feasibility of maintaining and
restoring sediment damaged aquatic and riparian habi-
tats through managing reservoir releases to flush de-
posits of accumulated stream bed sediments. Consid-
ered are: (1) classifying situations where controlled
flushing or scouring couTd be applied beneficially, pre-
dict or evaluate effects, and by purpose: (2) review of
past successes or failures; (3) methods of predicting
flow requirements; and (4) presentation of two case
studies (Platte R., NE and Trinity R„ CA). Two major
problems are the reliability of predictive methods and
the prediction of sediment loads from disturbed water-
sheds. Development of flows sufficient to contend with
armored or cemented substrates and well developed
bank vegetation may be especially difficult because of
technical, legal and cost constraints.
Keywords: "Sediments, "Flushing, "Stream flow,
"Aquatic biology, Reliability, Erosion, Maintenance,
Feasibility studies, Substrates, Water rights, Trinity
River, Salmon, Channel improvements, Vegetation, Li-
abilities, Nebraska, California. "Habitats, "Reservoir
releases, Case studies.
PB89-102396/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistratlon of Pesticide
Products Containing 2,4-Dlchlorophenoxyacetic
Acid (2,4-D) as the Active Ingredient
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 88,182p EPA/540/RS-88/115
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient, 2,4-D. The document includes how
to register under a registration standard, regulatory po-
sition and rationale, and summaries of date require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxic tolerances, "Toxicity,
"Standards, "Herbicides, Tables(Data), Labels, Regu-
lations, Chemistry, Manufacturing, Pesticide residues.
Guidelines, *D 2-4 herbicide, 'Acetic acid/2-4-dichlor-
ophenoxy, Environmental effects, Path of pollutants,
CAS 94-75-7, Aquatic organisms, Registration stand-
ard.
PB89-102503/HSU	PC A23/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Acid Deposition, Environmental Monitoring,
and Quality Assurance.
Indoor Air Quality In Public Buildings. Volume 1.
Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
L. S. Sheldon, R. W. Handy, T. D. Hartwell, R. W.
Whitmore, and H. S. Zelon. Aug 88,535p* EPA/600/
6-88/009A
Contract EPA-68-02-3679
See also Volume 2, PB89-102511 .Portions of this doc-
ument are not fully legible. Sponsored by Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Acid
Deposition, Environmental Monitoring, and Quality As-
surance.
Indoor air quality was investigated in four buildings: a
school, an office building, and two homes for the elder-
ly. The main goals were to measure volatile organic
compounds, mhalable particles, and air exchange
rates indoors and outdoors at each building; select one
new building and make several monitoring visits over a
six-month period to determine changes in indoor air
quality as the building aged; and measure emission
rates from building matenals and cleaning operations
in the new building. All buildings had higher levels of
V0C8 indoors than outdoors, with the new building
having an indoor-outdoor ratio for all VOCs of about 50
(declining after two months to about 10, and after 5
months to about 5). Smoking lounges and apartments
in the homes for the elderly nad 24-hour average fine-
particle concentrations of up to 100 micrograms/cu m
compared to typical levels of about 10 micrograms/cu
m. Cleaning operations emitted large quantities of hal-
ogenated VOCs, whereas paints, carpets and adhe-
slves emitted smaller quantities of aromatic and ali-
phatic compounds.
Keywords: "Public buildings, "Air pollution, Construc-
tion materials, Surveys, School buildings, "Indoor air
pollution, 'Air quality, Stationary sources, Air pollution
effects(Humans), Risk assessment, Cigarette smok-
ing, Volatile organic compounds(VOC), Office build-
ings.
PB89-102511/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Indoor Air Quality in Public Buildings. Volume 2,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
L. Sheldon, H. Zelon, J. Sickles, C. Eaton, and T.
Hartwell. Aug 88,733p" EPA/600/6-88/009B
Contract EPA-68-02-4068
See also Volume 1, PB89-102503.Portions of this doc-
ument are not fully legible. Sponsored by Environmen-
tal Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Triangle Park,
Two separate but closely related studies of exposures
to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in buildings
where people spend long periods of time were con-
ducted. The report summarizes results obtained in six
buildings: a new hospital, office and nursing home and
another office, office/school and nursing home. At
each building sampling was performed at three indoor
locations and a single outdoor location.
Keywords: "Public buildings, Hospitals, School build-
ings, Construction materials, Surveys, "Indoor air pol-
lution, "Air quality. "Volatile organic compounds(VOC),
Stationary sources, Air pollution effects(Humans), Risk
assessments, Office buildings.
PB89-102529/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheets Number 171: Karate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
16 May 88,8p EPA/540/FS-88/112
The report contains up-to-date chemical information,
including a summary of the Agency's regulatory posi-
tion ana rationale, on a specific pesticide or group of
pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the fol-
lowing actions has occurred: Issuance/reissuance of a
registration standard; issuance of each special review
document; registration of a significantly changed use
pattern; registration of a new chemical; or an immedi-
ate need for information to resolve controversial
issues relating to a specific chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Insecticides, Hazardous ma-
tenals, Chemical properties, Regulations, Toxicology
Ecology, Agricultural products, Cotton plants, Prt>
pane, Carboxylic acids, "Toxic substances, "PP321,
"Karate, Path of pollutants, Carboxylic acid esters.
PB89-102545/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
I nformation Management ana Services Div.
Abstracts of Publications and Presentations.
1985-1986.
Lockheed Engineering and Sciences Co., Inc., Las
Vegas, NV.
Sep 88,81p EPA/800/9-88/018
Contracts EPA-68-03-3249, EPA-68-03-3050
Sponsored in part by contracts EPA-68-03-3246, EPA-
68-03-3439, and EPA-68-02-3889. Prepared in coop-
eration with Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle
Park, NC., Kilkelly Environmental Associates, Inc., Ra-
leigh, NC., and Radian Corp., Durham, NC. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Information Management and Services Div.
In 1980, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) implemented the Aquatic Effects Research Pro-
gram (AERP) as part of the National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program. The document contains infor-
mation on publications and presentations authored or
coauthored by AERP-EPA and contractor personnel in
1985 and 1986. Major activities during this time includ-
ed field surveys in the National Surface Water Survey
and the Direct/Delayed Response Project, pilot stud-
ies in the Episodic Response Project, and initiation of
the Watershed Processes and Manipulation Project at
Little Rock Lake, Wl. Additionally, planning and desion
efforts were underway for other component projects,
including the Watershed Manipulation Project, Reoiorv
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Water pollution, Watersheds, Abstracts,
'Acid rain, 'Aquatic ecosystems, 'Aquatic Effects Re-
search Program, Water pollution effects, Surface
water, Environmental Protection Agency.
PB89-102578/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 94.2: 2,4-Dlchloro-
phenoxyacetlc Acid.
Environmental P
tal Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 88,14p EPA/540/FS-88/114
Supersedes PB87-192712.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred; (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard; (2) Issuance of each
special review document; (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern; (4) Registration of a new
chemical; or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Plant hormones, Growth regu-
lators, Herbicides, Toxicology, Hazardous materials,
Chemical properties, Regulations, Ecology, Agricultur-
al products, 'Toxic substances, 'Dichlorophenoxyace-
tic acid, Chemical information fact sheet, Path of pol-
lutants, Science findings, CAS 94-75-7, Acetic acid/
dichlorophenoxy, Use patterns.
PB89-102586/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Georgia, Water Year
1987. Water data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 86-30 Sep 87,
Geological Survey, Doravllle, GA. Water Resources
Div.
W. R. Stokes, T. W. Hale, R. 0. McFarlane, and G. R.
Buell. Jul 88.436p USGS/WRD/HD-88/264, USGS/
WDR/GA-87/1
See also PB86-127016.
Water resources data for the 1987 water year for
Georgia consists of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage ana contents of lakes
and reservoirs; ground-water levels; and precipitation
quality. The report contains discharge records of 115
gaging stations; stage for 17 gaging stations; stage
and contents for 18 lakes and reservoirs; water quality
for 111 continuing-record stations; water quality for 1
miscellaneous station; peak stage and discharge only
for 105 crest-stage partial-record stations and 30 mis-
cellaneous sites; water levels of 26 observation wells
and water quality for 1 precipitation-quality site.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Georgia,
Tables(Data), Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes, Streams,
Reservoirs, Water table, 'Water quality data, 'Hydro-
logic data, Water levels, Discharge(Water).
PBS9-102S94/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Sub-
Utto C - Hazardous Waste Management, Section
3001 and 250.14-lnfectlous Waste: Background
Document Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
15 Dec 78,126p EPA/530/SW-88-055
The report provides background information and sup-
port for regulations which nave been designed to iden-
tify and list hazardous waste pursuant to Section 3001
of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of
1976. The report also presents the Agency's rationale
)h determining the definition of infectious hazardous
waste.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
•Regulations, Industrial wastes, Infections diseases,
Risk" Environmental Protection Agency, Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976.
PM9-102842/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Outdance for the Registration of Wood Preserv-
ative Pesticide Products Containing Arsenic,
Chromium, and Chromated Arsenical Compounds
•a the Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
jSn88,181p EPA/540/RS-88/113
See also PB67-114088.
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of date requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Wood preservatives, 'Chro-
mium inorganic compounds, 'Arsenic inorganic com-
pounds, Standards, Guidelines, Regulations, Ecology,
Manufacturing, Toxicology, Hazardous materials. Ar-
senals, Arsenic acid, Cnromates, Chromic acid, Ar-
senic oxides, 'Reregistration, 'Toxic substances, Fed-
eral Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, Path of
pollutants.
PB89-103154/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Single-Laboratory Evaluation of EPA (Environ-
mental Protection Agency) Method 8080 for De-
termination of Chlorinated Pesticides and Poly-
chlorinated Blphenyls In Hazardous Wastes (Jour-
nal Version). Journal article,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA.
V. Lopez-Avila, S. Schoen, J. Milanes, and W. F.
Beckert. C1988,15p* EPA/600/J-88/058
Contract EPA-68-03-3226
Pub. in Jnl. of the Association of Official Analytical
Chemists, v71 n2 p375-3861988. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Method 8080, as published in the Second Edition of
Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste,' EPA
Manual SW-846, has been evaluated in a single-labo-
ratory study. The Florisil procedure recommended in
Method 8080 for sample cleanup does not separate
organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from the polychlori-
nated blphenyls (PCBs). Consequently, gas chromato-
graphic analysis of OCPs on the packed column rec-
ommended in the method may result in false identifica-
tions or in no identifications at all when PCBs are
present. Precision and accuracy data indicate that the
revised method can be reliably applied to the determi-
nation of OCPs and PCBs in liquid and solid matrixes.
Detection limits for liquid matrixes range from 0.02 to
0.09 micrograms/l for OCPs and from 0.5 to 0.9 micro-
grams/I for PCBs. (Copyright (c) Association of Official
Analytical Chemists 1988.)
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chlorohydrocartoons, 'Haz-
ardous wastes, Chromatographic analysis, Perform-
ance evaluation, Hazardous materials, Biphenyl, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Reprints, Test methods, Pol-
ychlorinated blphenyls, Sample cleanup, Detection
limits, Chlorinated pesticides.
PB89-103162/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Application of GC/ITD (Qaa Chromatography/lon
Trap Detector) to Environmental Analysis (Jour-
nal Version). Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
R. K. Mitchum, and S. M. Pyte. 1988,7p EPA/600/J-
88/059
Pub. in Speactra, v11 n2 p21 -25 1 988.
The choice of gas chromatography (GC) detectors has
expanded rapidly. The necessity for mass spectromet-
ry (MS) characterization of GC effluents stems from
the complexity of the matrices associated with envi-
ronmental samples. There are currently several MS
types being used in conjunction with GC. These in-
clude magnetic sector analyzers, quadrupole ion trap
and ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) mass spectrom-
eters. The paper is concerned with the application of
the ion trap MS detector (ITD) to environmental analy-
sis. The GC/ITD has provided representative mass
spectra for the analysis of purge-and-trap voiatiles and
hazardous waste steam distillate. The ability to obtain
library matchable El spectra on a routine basis indicat-
ed that the ITD technique can successfully analyze en-
vironmental samples.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'Chemical analysis, Gas chromatography, Mass
spectroscopy, Detectors, Regulations, Standards,
Volatile organic compounds(VOC).
PB89-103170/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Polychlorlnated Dloxln and Furan Discharge
during Carbon Reactivation (Journal Version).
Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
B. W. Lykins, R. M Clark, and D. H. Cleverly. 1988,18p
EPA/600/J-88/060
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Engineering, v114 n2
p300-316 Apr88.
Analyses are performed on samples collected from
various effluent streams of a fluidized-bed and infrared
furnace during reactivation of granular activated
carbon (GAC) used in treatment of drinking water.
These analyses show that polychlorinated dibenzo-
dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorlnated dibenzofurans
(PCDFs) are produced during GAC reactivation. No de-
tectable concentrations of PCDD or PCDF are seen in
the spent carbon fed to the reactivation furnaces. Al-
though the total amount of organic halogens on the
spent GAC ranges from 416-657 mg/kg, only small
fractional amounts of PCDDs and PCDFs are formed.
The low levels of PCDDS and PCDFs emitted into the
atmosphere during GAC reactivation and the resulting
cancer risks to the exposed population are minimal
and negligible.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Water treatment,
'Activated carbon treatment, Potable water, Water
pollution abatement, Halohydrocarbons, Drinking
water.
PB89-103188/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Methodology for Assessing Respiration and Cel-
lular Incorporation of Radiolabeled Substrates by
Soil Microbial Communities (Journal Version).
Journal article,
North Carolina Univ., Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environmen-
tal Sciences and Engineering.		
D. C. Dobbins, and r. K. Pfaender. C1988,19p EPA/
600/J-88/065
Pub. in Microbial Ecology, v15 n3 p257-273 May 88.
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
A method is described for determining biodegradation
kinetics of both naturally occurring and xenobiotic
compounds in surface and subsurface soil samples.
The method measures both respiration and uptake
into cellular biomass of 14C-labe!ed substrates. After
separation of the cells and the soil particles by cen-
trifugation, the cells were trapped on membrane filters
for liquid scintillation counting. Mass balances were
easily obtained. The technique was used to measure
metabolic activity in soil profiles, including unsaturated
and saturated zones. First order rate constants were
determined for amino acid metabolism and for m-
cresol metabolism. Saturation kinetics were observed
for amino acids and m-cresol. m-Cresol values for
uptake often exceeded those for respiration by greater
than a factor of ten. Saturation was not observed in
many horizons. Frequently, respiration obeyed satura-
tion kinetics, whereas uptake was first order. It is con-
cluded that measuring only kinetics of respiration may
lead to severe underestimations of biodegradation
rates. (Copyright (c) Springer-Verlag New York Inc.,
1988.)
Keywords: 'Soil microbiology, Soil analysis, Kinetics,
Biodeterioration, Metabolism, Respiration, Radioactiv-
ity.
PB89-103198/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Microbial Removal of Halogenated Methanes, Eth-
anes, and Ethylenes in an Aerobic Soil Exposed
to Methane. (Journal Version). Journal article,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
J. M. Henson, M. V. Yates, J. W. Cochran, and D. L.
Shackleford. C1988,11p EPA/600/J-88/066
Pub. in FEMS Microbiology Ecology, v53 n3-4 p193-
201 May/Jun 88. Prepared in cooperation with Nor-
throp Services, Inc., Ada, OK., and Oklahoma Univ.,
Norman. Dept. of Botany and Microbiology.
Contamination of ground water with halogenated ali-
phatic hydrocarbons threatens the source of drinking
water. To study microbial processes that may enhance
the removal of these compounds, Lincoln fine sand
wss exposed to an atmosphere containing methane
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
(4%) to enrich microorganisms capable of growth on
the gaseous hydrocarbon. Removal of dichlorometh-
ane, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, chloroform, 1,2-dich-
loroethane, trichloroethylene, and 1,1,1-trichloroeth-
ane was significantly different in methane-enriched soil
compared to non-enriched soil (ANOVA, 95% signifi-
cance level). Tetrachloroethylene was not removed.
Autoclaving the methane-enriched soil inhibited com-
pletely the removal of all the compounds. These re-
sults suggest that methane stimulation of microbial
communities may be an alternative treatment technol-
ogy for bioremediation of contaminated subsurface
soils and ground water. (Copyright (c) Federation of
European Microbiological Societies 1988.)
Keywords: 'Water pollution, "Chlorohydrocarbons,
"Soil microbiology, Drinking water, Methane, Contami-
nants, Water purification, Soils, Water treatment,
Ground water, Water quality, Aerobic metabolism.
PB89-103204/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Aerobic Biodegradation of Natural arid Xenobiotlc
Organic Compounds by Subsurface Microbial
Communities. Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
C.	M. Swindoll, C. M. Aelion, D. C. Dobbins, 0. Jiang,
and S. C. Long. C1988,11 p EPA/600/J-88/067
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v7
n4 p291-299 Apr 88. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr En-
vironmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
Studies were conducted to characterize the diversity of
degradative abilities of microbial communities from
pristine aquifer solids samples. Biodegradation was
measured In aquifer solids slurries as both the conver-
sion of radiolabeled substrate to (14)C02 and the in-
corporation of label into cell biomass. The microbial
community degraded aniline hydrochloride, chloroben-
zene, p-chlorophenol, m-cresol, ethylene dibromide,
naphthalene, phenol, toluene, and trichlorobenzene.
Several kinetic parameters were calculated from the
uptake and mineralization data. The results show that
uptake into cell biomass represents a large fraction of
total metabolism for many of the xenobiotic com-
pounds. (Copyright (c) SETAC1988.)
Keywords: "Biodegradation, "Water pollution, Aerobic
processes, Aquifers, Sediments, Organic compounds,
Kinetics, Water microbiology.
PB89-103329/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Oxygen Transfer under Process Conditions. Jour-
nal article,
Manhattan Coll., Bronx, NY.
J. A Mueller, and W. C. Boyle. 01988,12p EPA/600/J-
88/045
Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
v60 n3 p332-341 Mar 88. Prepared in cooperation with
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Dept. of Civil and Environ-
mental Engineering. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
The report outlines five procedures used to evaluate
oxygen transfer under process conditions. Steady and
nonsteady state analyses, radioactive and nonradioac-
tive tracer techniques, and off gas methods are evalu-
ated in side by side comparisons at six municipal and
industrial wastewater treatment plants employing both
diffused and mechanical aeration. (Copyright (c) Water
Pollution Control Federation 1988.)
Keywords: "Waste water, "Oxygen, Dissolved gases,
Water treatment devices, Mass transfer, Aerators, Ki-
netics, Tracer studies, Tests, Water pollution, "Indus-
trial waste treatment, "Aeration. Industrial wastes, Mu-
nicipalities, Reprints.
PB89-103337/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Bench-Scale Evaluation of Coagulant* for Low
Turbidity Water. Journal article,
American Water Works Association, Denver, CO.
D.	R. Brink, S. I. Choi, M. Al-Ani, and D. W. Hendricks.
c1988,9p EPA/600/J-88/046	_
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association, v80 n4
p199-203 Apr 88. Prepared in cooperation with Iowa
State Univ., Ames, and Scientific Research Center,
Baghdad (Iraq). Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab., and Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins.
Because the conventional jar test is ineffective for de-
termining optimal coagulant dosages for low turbidity
waters, utilities employing rapid-rate filtration of such
waters may fail to maximize treatment efficiency for
lack of a simple bench-scale procedure for determin-
ing coagulant dosage. Using terms useful to water
treatment plant operators, the article describes a
simple bench-scale test for determining coagulant
dosages for raw water supplies with turbidity levels of 1
ntu or less. The report covers the protocol for the jar-
filtration test and documentation on test validity.
(Copyright (c) Journal AWWA 1988.)
Keywords: "Turbidity, "Water quality, Coagulants,
Water purification, Water treatment, Tests.
PB89-103345/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Aluminum Reclamation by Acidic Extraction of
Aluminum-Anodizing Sludges. Journal article,
Georgia Inst, of Tech., Atlanta. School of Civil Engi-
neering.
F. M. Saunders, and R. C. Shaw. C1988,12p EPA/
600/J-88/047
Grant EPA-R-801290
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Pollution Control Federation, v60
n3 p369-378 Mar 88. Prepared in cooperation with En-
gineering-Science, Inc., Atlanta, GA. Sponsored by En-
vironmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water
Engineering Research Lab.
Extraction of aluminum-anodizing sludges with sulfuric
acid was examined to determine the potential for pro-
duction of commercial-strength solutions of aluminum
sulfate, that is liquid alum. The research established ki-
netic and stoichiometric relationships and evaluates
product quality. Detailed material-balance data were
collected to monitor the progress and extent of extrac-
tions. The production of a commercial-strength liquid
alum was feasible. Issues relative to product quality in-
dicate that segregation of certain metal containing
wastes may be required for selected aluminum-finish-
ing wastes. (Copyright (c) Journal Water Pollution Con-
trol Federation (WCPF) 1988.)
Keywords: "Alums, "Sludges, "Extraction, "Materials
recovery, Aluminum sulfate, Industrial wastes, Kinet-
ics, Waste treatment, Performance evaluation.
PB89-103352/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Modeling Distribution-System Water Quality: Dy-
namic Approach. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research Div.
W. M. Grayman, R. M. Males, and R. M. Clark. C1988,
20p EPA/600/J-88/048
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Resources Planning and Manage-
ment, vl 14 n3 p295-312 May 88. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Grayman (Walter M.), Concinnati, OH., and
RMM Technical Services, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Interest is growing in determining the quality variations
that exist in drinking water distribution systems. The
paper is dedicated to understanding distribution-
system quality issues and to the development of a
model that will enhance this understanding. A dynamic
algorithm that can be used to predict water quality vari-
ations is described in the paper. Determination of the
blending of flows from separate sources, tracing of
transient concentrations in the system, and establish-
ment of a compliance monitoring system are only a
few of the potential uses of such a model. The model
has been implemented on a microcomputer and ap-
plied to the North Penn Water Authority distribution
system. Lansdale, Pennsylvania. It shows good corre-
spondence with observed field data. (Copyright (c)
ASCE 1988.)
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Water distribu-
tion, "Potable water, "Water quality, Mathematical
models, Unsteady state, Contaminants,
Concentration(Composition), Variations, Spatial distri-
bution, Sources, Blending, Reprints, "Drinking water,
"Environment models, Monitoring, Environmental
transport.
PB89-103360/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Summary of Discussion Sessions: Symposium on
Lead-Blood Pressure Relationships. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
W. Victery, H. A. Tyroler, R. Volpe, and L. D. Grant.
1988,20p E PA/600/J-88/127
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v78 p139-
155 1988. Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina
Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Epidemiology, and Inter-
national Lead Zinc Research Organization, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The International Symposium on Lead-Blood Pressure
Relationships was held in Chapel Hill, NC, April 27-29,
1987. The program was structured so as to first
present an overview of theories and findings in the
general area of human hypertension and then to have
speakers review the extent literature on lead and blood
pressure relationships, including papers on: the human
observational studies of lead and hypertension; relat-
ed studies of lead and human hypertension; occupa-
tional studies of lead and hypertension; experimental
studies of lead and hypertension; and papers present-
ing related information from work in progress. The
report summarizes key exchanges of information
during discussions after individual papers were pre-
sented or during separate discussion sessions. It also
summarizes presentations by several speakers who
declined to publish in these presentations full-length
papers on ongoing work.
Keywords: "Toxic substances, "Meetings,
'Lead(Metal), "Hypertension, Occupational safety and
health, Epidemiology, Exposure, Lead poisoning, Re-
prints.
PB89-103378/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effect of Ash Disposal Ponds on Groundwater
Quality at a Coal-Fired Power Plant. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
G. V. Simsiman, G. Chesters, and A. W. Andren.
C1987,12p EPA/600/J-87/372
Pub. in Water Research, v21 n4 p417-426 Apr 87. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Wisconsin Univ. Madison
Water Resources Center.
The impact of fly and bottom ash disposal ponds on
groundwater quality was investigated at the coal-fired
Columbia Power Plant at Portage, Wl. Groundwater
sampling was conducted utilizing a network of piezo-
meters and multilevel wells located at various cross-
sections of the ash disposal facility. Analyses were
performed for 16 major and minor elements, pH and
conductivity. Data for a 3-yr monitoring program estab-
lished the existence of large B, Na and S04 plumes in
the groundwater system surrounding the ash disposal
area. Substantial amounts of B, Na and S04 were
present in the plume and portions were discharged
into an adjacent wetland as the plumes moved with
groundwater flow. The secondary fly ash settling pond
was the major source of B and S04, while the midn
source of Na was from previous releases to the aquifer
from the use of Na2C03 to condition fly ash to en-
hance removal of S02 from flue gas by electrostatic
precipitation. (Copyright (c) Pergamon Journals Ltd
1987.)
Keywords: 'Water pollution, Ground water, Water
quality, Coal fired power plants, Emission factors.
Sampling, Monitoring, Chemical analysis, Environment
tal impact assessments, Reprints, Ry ash disoosal
ponds.
PB89-103386/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Cadmium Sulfate Application to Sludge-Amended
Soils. 1. Effect on Yield and Cadmium AvailshMtu
to Plants. Journal article,	^
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati OH
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. J. Mahler, J. A. Ryan, andT. Reed, cl 987,17b
EPA/800/J-87/373
Pub. in Science of the Total Environment 67, pi 17-131
1987. Prepared in cooperation with Arkansas Univ
Marianna. Eastern Arkansas Soil Testing and Re!
search Lab.
Twelve paired soils (only one of each pair having a hie.
tory of sludge application) with pH values ranaina fmm
3.9 to 7.4 were amended with CdS04 in a growth
chamber experiment. Three crops of Swiss cSJh
(Beta vulgans var. cicla) and one crop of corn (2#,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
mays L) were sequentially grown for 5 weeks in pot
cultures containing the treated soils. Increasing Cd ad-
ditions to the soils, whether as CdS04 or in sewage
sludge, resulted in increased Cd uptake by the plants,
with the greatest accumulation of Cd by those plants
grown on the acid soils. Liming the soils resulted in a
decrease of Cd uptake by the two test crops. Regard-
less of soil pH, corn plants accumulated significantly
higher concentrations of Cd than the Swiss chard
plants. Results indicated that the added Cd was less
available in the soils which had previously received
sludge. (Copyright (c) Elserier Science Publishers B. V.
1987.)
Keywords: 'Soil fertility, 'Cadmium, 'Sludge disposal,
Bioaccumulation, Heavy metals, Agricultural products,
Farm crops, Corn plants, Nutrients, Bioavailability.
PB89-103394/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Evaluating the Maintenance and Effect* of Geneti-
cally Engineered Microorganisms. Journal article,
Tennessee Univ., Knoxville.
G. S. Saylor, C. Harris, C. Pettigrew, D. Pacia, and A.
Breen. C1987,17p EPA/600/J-87/386
Pub. in Developments in Industrial Microbiology, v27
p136-149 1987. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environ-
mental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
Concepts and methods were identified for their utility in
evaluating the persistence and potential perturbations
of genetically engineered microorganisms in the envi-
ronment. Novel uses of DNA reassociation kinetics
and gene probe technologies, In conjunction with con-
ventional bacterial and plasmid isolation procedures,
were found to provide the necessary sensitivity and
specificity to detect genotypes in environmental sam-
ples. Detection of catabolic plasmid DNA, using a
DNA:DNA colony hybridization approach, was
achieved at a sensitivity of one target colony in one
million nonhomologous background colonies. The
methods were found useful for The rapid detection and
isolation of specific catabolic microorganisms in envi-
ronmental samples and were also valuable in monitor-
ing genes in uncontaminated groundwater popula-
tions. Genetic methods can be used to provide insight
into ecological processes that will affect the mainte-
nance and effects of genetically engineered microor-
?anlsms or genes in tne environment. (Copyright (c)
987, Society for Industrial Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Genetic engineering, 'Ecology, 'Microor-
ganisms, Arthrobacter, Escherichia coli, Genotype,
PlasmkJs, Recombinant DNA, Nucleic acid hybridiza-
tion, Ground water, Pseudommas aeruginosa, Detec-
tion, Isolation, Methodology, Reprints, 'Microbial ecol-
ogy, Pseudommas putida.
PBM-103428/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse:
Ongoing Research and Regulatory Development
Prefects, July 1988. Interim rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC. Progress
Center.
S. K. M. Buchanan, and T. K. Moody. Jul 88,194p
DCN-88-230-001-44-07, EPA/450/5-88/004
Contract EPA-68-02-4330
See also PB88-113196. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The document is divided into two pans and an appen-
dix. The first part lists 385 air toxics projects currency
in progress at EPA, NIOSH, and State and local agen-
cies. A brief description of each project and a contact
name, office, and telephone number are given. The
second part of the document contains the index that
allows readers to locate projects of Interest. Projects
are indexed by agency, project type, chemical name,
Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) number, and source
category Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Code.
The appendix lists regulatory development projects on
toxic chemicals underway at the EPA's Office of Drink-
ing Water (ODW). While most of these projects are not
Erectly related to air problems, health information on
toxic chemicals from ODW projects may be of interest
to Clearinghouse users.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control. 'Information sys-
tems, Airborne wastes, Research projects, State gov-
ernment. Local government, Water pollution, Regula-
tions, 'National Air Toxic Information Clearinghouse,
'Toxic substances, NATICH.
PB89-103436/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse:
Bibliography of Selected Reports and Federal
Register Notices Related to Air Toxics. Volume 2.
Citations, 1988. Interim rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC. Progress
Center.
J. H. Mangum, C. E. Norris, and C. A. Owen. Jul 88,
191p DCN-88-239-001-44-08, EPA/450/5-88/005
Contract EPA-68-02-4330
See also PB89-103444 and Volume 1, PB88-136601.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The bibliography Is published in two volumes plus an
index. Volume 1 contains cumulative citations from
before 1974 through March 1987. Volume 2 has the
more recent citations from April 1987 through March
1988 (taken from sources available through March 31,
1988). The volume consists of two parts. Part 1 in-
cludes introductory material describing the scope and
organization and contains information necessary for
the proper use of the document. Volume 2, Part 2 con-
tains the report and Federal Register notice entries
with bibliographic information ana, in most cases, an
abstract. The index to the bibliography covers all the
reports from 1974 to the present. Each listing indicates
which of the two volumes contains the citation. The
current index is organized by document type; by pollut-
ant class, name, or Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS)
number; by source category Standard Industrial Classi-
fication (SIC) Code: and by sponsoring agency.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, 'Air pollution control, State
government, Local government, Public health, Industri-
al wastes. Pollutants, 'Hazardous materials, 'Toxic
substances, National Air Toxics Information Clearing-
house, Risk assessments.
PB89-103444/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse:
Bibliography of Selected Report* and Federal
Register Notices Related to Air Toxics, Index
1988. Interim rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park. NC. Progress
Center.
J. H. Mangum, C. E. Norris, and C. A. Owen. Jul 88,
449p DCN-88-239-001 -44-09, EPA/450/5-88/006
Contract EPA-68-02-4330
See also Volume 2, PB89-103436 and Volume 1,
PB88-136801. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards.
The bibliography is published in two volumes plus an
index. Volume 1 contains cumulative citations from
before 1974 through March 1987. Volume 2 has the
more recent citations from April 1987 through March
1988 (taken from sources available through March 31,
1988). The volume consists of two parts. Part 1 in-
cludes introductory material describing the scope and
organization and contains information necessary for
the proper use of the document. Volume 2, Part 2 con-
tains the report and Federal Register notice entries
with bibliographic information and, in most cases, an
abstract. Tne Index to the bibliography covers ail the
reports from 1974 to the present. Each listing indicates
which of the two volumes contains the citation. The
current index is organized by document type; by pollut-
ant class, name, or Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS)
number; by source category Standard Industrial Classi-
fication (SIC) Code; andoy sponsoring agency.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, 'Air pollution control, State
government, Local government, Industrial wastes, Pol-
lutants, 'Hazardous materials, 'Toxic substances,
Risk assessments, National Air Toxics Information
Clearinghouse.
PB89-103627	Not available NTIS
Biorestoratlon of Aqulfars Contaminated with Or-
ganic Compounds. Journal article,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK. Subsurface Processes Branch.
M. D. Lee, J. M. Thomas, R. C. Borden, P. B. Bedient,
and C. H. Ward. C1988,62p EPA/600/J-88/078
Pub. in CRC Critical Reviews in Environmental Control,
v18 n1 p29-89 1988. Prepared in cooperation with
Rice Univ., Houston, TX. Dept. of Environmental Sci-
ence and Engineering.
Techniques available to remediate ground water con-
taminated with organic compounds. These include
physical containment, in situ treatment with chemicals
or microbes, and withdrawal and treatment via various
forms of physical, chemical, or biological processes.
(Copyright (c) CRC Press, Inc. 1988.)
Keywords: 'Aquifers, 'Water pollution abatement, Or-
ganic compounds, Contaminants, Ground water,
;hemical removal(Water treatment), Water quality,
Reprints, Biorestoration, Remedial actions.
PB89-103535	Not available NTIS
Disinfection (1988). Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
A. D. Venosa, and R. A. Isaac. c1988,9p EPA/600/J-
88/124
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Pollution Control Federation, v60
n6 p845-852 Jun 88. See also PB88-140504. Prepared
in cooperation with Massachusetts Dept. of Environ-
mental Quality Engineering, Westborough. Div. of
Water Pollution Control.
The article is a summary of the literature published in
the year 1987 on the topic of wastewater disinfection.
It consists of a section on the microbiology and kinet-
ics of disinfection and several sections related to the
chemistry of disinfection, including analytical methods,
reactions, and products.
Keywords: 'Waste water, 'Disinfection, Water treat-
ment chemicals, Water treatment, Microbiology, Chlo-
rine oxides, Ozone, Halogens, Ultraviolet lamps, Disin-
fectants, Cooling towers, Byproducts, Chemical analy-
sis, Chemical reactions, Reprints.
PB89-103543/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Response of an Alaskan Wetland to Nutrient En-
richment Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
W. Sanville. 1988,14p EPA/600/ J-88/120
Pub. in Aquatic Botany 30 p231 -243 Mar 88.
Studies were performed to determine the effects of nu-
trient addition to an Alaskan freshwater wetland. Nitro-
gen (as urea), phosphorus (as a super triple phosphate
fertilizer), and secondary sewage were added to a
freshwater Sphagnum wetland. Changes in the end-of-
season standing biomass of the herb and shrub com-
munity were estimated. The nutrient-depth distribution
in the Sphagnum was also recorded. Plots receiving
the urea and phosphate fertilizer showed increased
biomass when compared to controls. No changes in
community structure were observed. Added nutrients
appeared to be retained in the surface of the Sphag-
num. No stimulatory effect of sewage was detected,
probably the result of low application rates. (Copyright
(c) Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. 1988.)
Keywords: 'Fertilizing, 'Sewage treatment, Fresh
water, Alaska, Biological productivity, Biomass,
Shrubs, Nitrogen, Urea, Phosphorus, Reprints, Wet-
lands, Nutrient enrichment, Sphagnum.
PB89-1035S0	Not available NTIS
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Ion Chemistry of a Gas Chromatographic/Mas*
Spectrometry Ion Abundance CaNbranL Journal
article,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
Y. Tondeur, W. J. Niederhut, J. E. Campana, R. K.
Mltchum, and G. W. Sovocool. C1988,12p EPA/600/
J-88/119
Contracts EPA-88-01-7159, EPA-68-03-3249
Pub. in Biomedical and Environmental Mass Spec-
trometry, vi 5 p429-4391988. Prepared in cooperation
with Nevada Univ., Las Vegas. Environmental Re-
search Center. Sponsored by Environmental Monitor-
ing Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Mass and ion abundance calibration of gas chromato-
graph/mass spectrometer responses is essential for
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
the production of good data. In 1975, ion abundance
criteria based on the mass spectrum of decafluorotri-
phenylphosphine (DFTPP) were proposed to standard-
ize quadrupole mass spectra against magnetic sector
spectra. The paper reports on investigation of DFTPP
ion chemistry with the determination of the effects of
some gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer operat-
ing parameters on the mass spectrum of DFTPP. New
ion abundance criteria are proposed and discussed in
relation to the findings of the investigation. (Copyright
(c) 1988 by John Wiley and Sons, LTD.)
Keywords: *Gas chromatography, 'Mass spectrome-
try, "Ionization, Calibrating, Reprints,
Decafluorotriphenylphosphine(DFTPP), ion abun-
dance.
PB89-103568	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Variability of Particulate Trace Element Emissions
from the Columbia Coal-Fired Power Plant, Por-
tage, Wisconsin. Journal article,
New Hampshire Univ., Durham. Dept. of Chemistry.
C. F. Bauer, and A. W. Andren. c1988,17p EPA/600/
J-88/084
Grant EPA-R-806678
Pub. in Science of the Total Environment 68, p251-266
1988. Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Univ.,
Madison. Sponsored by Environmental Research
Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Variability of particulate emissions from two pulver-
ized-coal power plants was characterized over a 1 year
period. Parameters evaluated for both total particles
and 16 individual elements included volume concen-
trations, mass emission rates, enrichment factors, and
size distributions. In general, variations over several
weeks or more were much larger than those within a
given day. Small particles were strongly enriched in As,
Ba, Br, Cr, Se, Sb, and Zn. Concentrations of individual
elements varied by as much as 10 times at a given par-
ticle size, and the extent of small particle enrichment
varied greatly between individual samples. Composi-
tional correlations among submicron particles suggest
the importance of coal mineralogy and combustion
chemistry in determining behavior. The two combus-
tion units were generally similar in behavior, although
the newer unit often emitted a factor of 3 less particu-
late mass with somewhat smaller particle size. (Copy-
right (c) Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. 1988.)
Keywords: 'Particulates, "Pollutants, Coal fired power
plants, Emission factors, Trace elements, Chemical
analysis, Path of pollutants, Particle size, Reprints,
Submicron particles, Emission rates.
PB89-103578	Not available NTIS
Characterization of Doxylamlna and Pyrilamine
Metabolites via Thermospray/Mass Spectrometry
ana Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
W. A. Korfmacher, C. L. Holder, L. D. Betowski, and R.
K. Mitchum. C1988,9p EPA/600/J-88/080
Pub. in Biomedical and Environmental Mass Spec-
trometry, v15 p501-508 1988. Prepared in cooperation
with National Center for Toxicological Research, Jef-
ferson, AR.
Analysis of doxylamine N-oxide and pyrilamine N-oxide
as synthetic standards and biologically derived meta-
bolites by thermospray mass spectrometry (TSP/MS)
provided (M + H)+ ions for each metabolite. TSP/
tandem mass spectrometry (TSP/MS/MS) of the (M
+ H)+ ions provided fragment ions characteristic of
these metabolites. In addition, TSP mass spectrometry
and TSP/MS/MS analysis of ring-hydroxylated N-des-
methyldoxylamine, N-desmethylopyrilamine and O-
dealkylated pyrilamine is also reported. A fragmenta-
tion pathway for analysis by MS/MS of pyrilamine and
its metabolites is also proposed. The results demon-
strated the utility of TSP/MS for biologically derived
metabolites of pyrilamine and doxylamine. (Copyright
(c) 1988 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "Doxylamine, 'Pyrila-
mine, "Cyclic N-oxides, "Mass spectrometry, Metabo-
lism, Pyridines, Macaca mulatta, Laboratory animals.
Reprints, "Tandem mass spectrometry, Thermospray
mass spectrometry.
PB89-103584	Not available NTIS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Effect of a Subsurface Sediment on Hydrolysis of
Haloalkanes and Epoxides. Journal article,
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. Chemistry Lab.
W. R. Haag, and T. Mill. c1988,7p EPA/600/J-88/079
Grant EPA-R-812414
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v22
n6 p658-663 Jun 88. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr En-
vironmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
Neutral and base-catalyzed hydrolyses of isopropyl
bromide, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroeth-
ane, and ethylene dibromide were studied in pure
water and in barely saturated subsurface sediment at
25-60 deg C. No significant differences in the kinetics
or products were observed in the sediment pores com-
pared to those in water at the same pH, indicating that
the effects of ionic strength, surface catalysis, and ad-
sorption are unimportant for the low-carbon sediment
studied. Thus, kinetic and product data for haloalkanes
obtained in pure water are applicable to such ground-
water systems. (Copyright (c) American Chemical So-
ciety 1988.)
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Chlorohydrocarbons,
Sediments, Ground water, Hydrolysis, Kinetics, Water
chemistry, "Epoxy compounds, Bromides, Ethane, Re-
prints, Ethylene dibromide.
PB89-103592/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Thermal Destruction of Hazardous Waste: A
State-of-the-Art Review. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
H. M. Freeman, R. A. Olexsey, D. A. Oberacker, and R.
E. Mournighan. 1987,18p EPA/600/J-87/440
Pub. in JnT. of Hazardous Materials, 14 pi 03-1171987.
See also PB86-145505.
The authors provide an overview of thermal treatment,
a discussion of EPA incineration regulations, and dis-
cussion of several specific thermal processes. Includ-
ed are discussions of rotary kilns, liquid injection sys-
tems, industrial boilers, industrial processes using
waste as fuel ocean incineration, and new thermal
processes. The discussion addresses how the sys-
tems work, what the capabilities of the system are, and
to what extent they are being utilized. The paper is of
interest to those interested in a broad overview of in-
cineration today.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Air pollution con-
trol, "Water pollution control, "Incinerators, Pyrolysis,
Boilers, Regulations, Kilns, Cements, Fluidized bed
processors, Electric reactors, Fused salts, Plasma jets,
Oxidation, Assessments, Organic compounds, "Waste
utilization, "Thermal destruction, Refuse derived fuels.
PB89-103600	Not available NTIS
Flow Visualization Experiments on Stably Strati-
fled Flow over Ridges and Valleys. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. T. Lee, R. E. Lawson, and G. L. Marsh. c1987,13p
EPA/600/J-87/380
Pub. in Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics 37,
p183-194 1987. See also PB87-145900. Prepared in
cooperation with Los Alamos National Lab., NM. Earth
and Space Sciences Dlv., and Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
The objective of the experiments was to define the
flow over a simple cosine-shaped ridge and within a
valley formed by a pair of such ridges when there is a
stable ambient flow normal to the ridge. Three experi-
mental parameters were varied during the study: the
Froude number, the steepness of the ridge, and the
separation distance between the ridges. The flow over
single ridges was found to be similar to previously pub-
lished results for isolated hills. The flow within the
valley formed by a pair of ridges was dependent upon
the steepness of the ridge. For the most gentle ridge,
there appeared to be little aerodynamic interaction be-
tween the two ridges even at the minimum separation
of S/W = 1. For the steepest ridge, there was a strong
interaction between the ridges for a separation of S7
W= 1 to 2. For some test conditions the downstream
ridge caused separation of the flow from the lee side of
the upstream ridge, and the external flow passed over
the entire valley. (Copyright (c) Springer-Verlag, 1987.)
Keywords: "Atmospheric circulation, "Topographic
features, "Valleys, "Flow visualization, Model tests
Mathematical models, Wind(Meteorology), Interac-
tions, Stratification, Aerodynamics, Reprints, Ridges.
PB89-103618	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Cytotoxicity of Chemical Carcinogens Towards
Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Evaluated In a
Clonal Assay. Journal article,
Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
J. M. Siegfried, and S. Nesnow. c1984,7p EPA/600/J-
84/412
Contract EPA-68-02-4031
Pub. in Carcinogenesis, v5 p1317-1322 1984. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Survival of human bronchial epithelial cells after ad-
ministration of four chemical carcinogens was meas-
ured in a clonal assay. Human bronchial epithelial cells
were obtained from outgrowths of explanted tissue
pieces. Serum-free medium was used for both explant
culture and clonal growth. The clonal assay could be
performed on three substrata: plastic dishes alone,
protein-coated dishes, and inactivated Swiss 3T3
cells. Several other cell lines supported clonal growth
of the human cells. Little variation among individuals in
cytotoxicity of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
and K2Cr04, a possible human lung carcinogen, was
observed, but in the case of benzo(a)pyrene and 7,12-
dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, large variations in survival
were found between cultures derived from different in-
dividuals. (Copyright (c) IRL Press Ltd.)
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Carcinogens, "Bronchii,
"Clone cells, Toxicity, Cell lines, Epithelium, Culture
media, Methodology, Reprints.
PB89-103626	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Erosion of Soft Cohesive Sediment Deposits.
Journal article,
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Coastal and Ocean-
ographic Engineering.
T. M. Parchure, and A. J. Mehta. C1985,21 p EPA/600/
J-85/529
Grant EPA-R-806684
Pub. in Jnl. of Hydraulic Engineering, v111 n10 p1308-
1326 Oct 85. Sponsored by Environmental Research
Lab., Athens, GA.
Erosion behavior of soft cohesive sediment deposits
has been investigated in laboratory experiments. Such
deposits are representative of the top, active layer of
estuarial beds. An experimental procedure involving
layer by layer erosion under a range of bed shear
stresses, Tau sub b, of successively increasing magni-
tude was utilized. Interpretation of the resultingcon-
centration-time data together with bed density profiles
yielded a description of the variation of the bed shear
strength, Tau sub s, with depth as well as an expres-
sion for the rate of surface erosion. In general, Tau sub
s, increased with depth and also was influenced by the
type of sediment, bed consolidation period and salinity
The rate of erosion was found to vary exponentially
with (tau sub b-tau sub s)112. In modeling estuarial bed
erosion, it is essential to take these characteristics of
tau sub s and the rate of erosion into account.
Keywords: "Erosion, "Sediments, "Estuaries, "Hy-
draulic models, Soil mechanics, Shear stress, 'Shear
tests, Flumes, Bed load, Density(Mass/volume) Pro-
files, Channel flow, Flushing, Shear strength. ConsniL
dation. Salinity, Reprints.
PB89-103634	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Regional Water Quality Impacts of Intensive Row-
Crop Agriculture: A Lake Erie Basin Case Study
Journal article,
Heidelberg Coll., Tiffin, OH. Water Quality Lab.
D. B. Baker. c1985,9p EPA/600/ J-85/530
Grant EPA-R-805436
Pub. in Jnl. of Soil and Water Conservation, v40 ni
p125-132 Jan/Feb 85. Sponsored by Environments
Research Lab., Athens, GA.
intensive row-crop agriculture dominates land use In
the northwestern Ohio River basins draining into Lake
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Erie. Detailed, long-term studies of water quality in
these rivers reveal high unit-area P loads entering
Lake Erie, even though gross erosion rates are rela-
tively low. Concentrations of nitrate-N and currently
used herbicides are also high from May through July,
both in surface waters and in public water supplies de-
rived therefrom. Conservation tillage could increase ni-
trate and herbicide contamination of area waters. The
region's detailed baseline nutrient and herbicide data
provide an opportunity to evaluate the effects of con-
servation tillage on a variety of water quality param-
eters. To separate weather-related from management-
related effects, an ecosystem approach is advocated.
(Copyright (c) Soil Conservation Society of America
1985.)
Keywords: 'Agricultural products, 'Water quality, Ni-
trates, Herbicides, Contaminants, Water pollution, Soil
conservation, Erosion, Lake Erie, Reprints.
PB69-103642	Not available NTIS
Development and Validation of Site-Specific
Water Quality Criteria tor Copper. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
A. R- Carlson, H. Nelson, and D. Hammermeister.
C1986,17p EPA/600/J-86/481
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v5
p997-1012 Nov 86. Prepared in cooperation with Sci-
ence Applications International Corp., McLean, VA.,
and Wisconsin Univ.-Superior. Center for Lake Superi-
or Environmental Studies.
Comparative acute toxicity values for Ceriodaphnia
dubia, Scapholeberis sp. and Pimephales promelas
exposed to copper were used to calculate water effect
ratios (e.g., site water LC50 value/reference water
LC50 value), which reflect the difference in the biologi-
cal availability and/or toxicity of copper between water
from the Naugatuck River, Connecticut and Lake Su-
perior reference water. These ratios were used to
modify EPA ambient aquatic life criteria for copper to
site- and station-specific criteria, using the indicator
procedure of the EPA guidelines for deriving site-spe-
cific water quality criteria. It was concluded that the na-
tional and site-specific criteria derived for copper
would be protective of the river's aquatic life because a
relatively health aquatic community existed where
these criteria were exceeded slightly. Generally, C.
dubia survival and young production data from receiv-
ing water tests and copper addition tests, conducted
juet prior to the acute toxicity tests, were also indicative
of reduced copper biological availability and/or toxicity
in the Naugatuck River at downstream stations. (Copy-
right (c) Pergamon Journals Ltd. 1986.)
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Copper, Tests, Toxicity,
Water analysis, Aquatic biology, Water quality data,
Naugatuck River, Bioaccumulation, Heavy metals,
Water chemistry, Tables(Data), Water quality criteria.
PBM-103859/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Review of the Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standard's Lead Benefit Valuation Methodology.
Rnal rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
30 Jun 87,15p SAB/CASAC-87/032
The program's lack of clearly stated scientific assump-
tions aria objectives, and its need for a more consist-
ant approach to peer review, constitute its most seri-
ous technical deficiencies. The absence of consistent-
ly documented assumptions and objectives, and as-
sessing whether the program as a whole, or specific
studies, have achieved their overall goals and also
were noted as deficiencies.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), 'Air pollution, 'Toxicity,
•Risk assessment, Design criteria, Exposure, Monitor-
ing, Evaluation, National Ambient Air Quality Stand-
ards
PB89-103867/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Review of the OEETD (Office of Environmental
Engineering and Technology Demonstration)
Radon Mitigation Research Program. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
14 Jan 88,14p SAB/RAC-88/0O9
See also PB88-24S48S.
The EPA Radiation Advisory Committee was very fa-
vorably impressed with both the quality and quantity of
the Agency's research efforts on radon mitigation.
Recommendations were directed towards strengthen-
ing the weaker areas in an otherwise very strong pro-
gram. The Committee also made several recommen-
dations concerning data collection and presentation
which should improve consistency and ease of inter-
pretation.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Houses, Radioactive contami-
nants, Radiation hazards, Air pollution abatement, Pol-
lution monitoring, Indoor air pollution, Cost effective-
ness, Project management, US EPA, Data collection.
PB89-103691/HSU	PC A1S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Control of Open Fugitive Dust Sources. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
C. Cowherd, G. E. Muleski, and J. S. Kinsey. Sep 88,
344p EPA/450/3-88/008
Contract EPA-68-02-439S
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards.
The purpose of the document is to provide State and
local regulatory personnel with sufficient information to
develop control plans for open dust sources of PM-10,
covering paved roads, unpaved roads, storage piles,
construction/demolition activities, open area wind ero-
sion, and agricultural tilling. Each chapter begins with
an overview of the source category describing emis-
sion characteristics and mechanisms, followed by
available emission factors for analyzing the operative
nature of control measures. Demonstrated control
techniques are discussed for estimating efficiency and
determining costs of implementation. Suggested regu-
latory formats provide arguments used in implement-
ing the technical discussions in viable regulations and
compliance actions. Example regulations for each
source category are presented in an appendix.
Keywords: 'Dust, 'Air pollution control, Regulations,
Dust control, Risk, Project management, Particulates,
Stationary sources.
PB89-103709/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, New York. Region
II.
Love Canal Emergency Declaration Area Hablt-
ablllty Study: User's Guide to the Soli Assessment
for Indicator Chemicals Integrated Data Baee.
Final rept.
CH2M Hill Southeast, Inc., Reston, VA.
Sep 88,119p EPA/902/4-88/002E
Contract EPA-68-01-7251
See also PB88-249149. Prepared in cooperation with
Horizons System Corp., Herndon, VA. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, New York. Region
II.
Directions are provided tor the use of the data collect-
ed during the Love Canal Emergency Declaration Area
Soil Assessment for Indicator Chemicals study. The
data are contained in a Statistical Analysis System
(SAS) relational data base, comprised of ten separate
SAS data sets. The data base is available from Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency Region II. The data base
contains data from field, preparation laboratory, analyt-
ical laboratory, and data validation sources. Over 1.8
million cells of data are contained in the data base.
The user's guide gives an overview of the source
system, file contents, and SAS data set structure, de-
scribes specific data sets, and discusses the combin-
ing of files. Appendices list the data elements con-
tained in the data base and provide formulas used in
computations.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Sod analysis,
Chemical analysis, Computer systems programs, Haz-
ardous materials, Habitability, Risk assessment,
Hazard analysis, Industrial wastes, Data bases, Love
Canal(NewYork).
PB89-103931/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Comparison of Oxygen Transfer Teat Methods In
a Total Barrier Oxidation Ditch Configuration,
BCM Converse, Inc., Mobile, AL.
R. C. Borneman. Oct 88,411p EPA/600/2-88/056
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati,
OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The Total Barrier Oxidation Ditch (TBOD), a recent de-
velopment in oxidation ditch technology is described.
The study was carried out in 1986 and 1987 tor the
purposes of: (1) evaluating the applicability of selected
test procedures developed by the American Society of
Civil Engineers (ASCE) Committee on Oxygen Trans-
fer for estimating oxygen transfer of a circulating oval
aeration basin, as represented by the TBOD configura-
tion; and (2) generating reliable clean and process
water oxygen transfer data on two TBOD's at Opelika,
Alabama, and South Hill, Virginia. The methods used in
the clean water test program included the ASCE non-
steady state procedure, the krypton/tritium radiotracer
procedure, and a technique in which a dissolved
oxygen mass balance is performed across the aeration
device. In the process water test program, methods
utilized included off-gas analysis and the above radio-
tracer procedure at both sites plus a process oxygen
consumption/oxygen supply mass balance at one of
the sites.
Keywords: 'Oxidation tests, 'Waste water, Water
treatment, Ditches, Design criteria, Performance eval-
uation, Civil engineering, Environmental tests.
PB89-103956/HSU	CP D02
Historic S02 and NOx Emissions Estimates (for
Microcomputers). Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. D. Mobley, and G. Gschwandtner. 31 Mar 88,1
diskette* EPA/600/7-88/009B, EPA/DF/DK-89/001
The data file is contained on 5 1 /4-inch, double sided,
double density diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC/
XT microcomputer. The diskettes are in the LOTUS 1-
2-3 format. Price includes documentation PB89-
103964.
The data file contains the results of a comparison of
historic S02 and NOx emission data sets. The diskette
contains 12 files: AL-FLS02.WK1 S02 emissions for
Alabama-Florida + U.S.; GA-LAS02.WK1 S02 emis-
sions for Georgia-Louisiana; ME-MTS02.WK1 S02
emissions for Maine-Montana; NE-NDS02.WK1 S02
emissions for Nebraska-North Dakota; OH-
TNS02.WK1 S02 emissions for Ohio-Tenhessee; TX-
WYS02.WK1 S02 emissions for Texas-Wyoming; AL-
FLNOX.WK1 NOx emissions for Alabama-Florida +
U.S.; GA-LANOX.WK1 NOx emissions for Georgia-
Louisiana; ME-MTNOX.WK1 NOx emissions for
Maine-Montana; NE-NDNOX.WK1 NOx emissions for
Nebraska-North Dakota; OH-TNNOX.WK1 NOx emis-
sions for Ohio-Tennessee; TX-WYNOX.WK1 NOx
emissions for Texas-Wyoming.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Air pollution, Emission, Sulfur
dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Trends, United States, Dis-
kettes.
PB8S-103964/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Comparison of Historic §02 and NOx Emission
Data Sets. Final rept. Jan 87-Mar 88,
Pechan (E.H.) and Associates, Inc., Durham, NC.
G. Gschwandtner, J. K. Wagner, and R. B. Husar. May
88,169p* EPA/600/7-88/009A, EPA/DF/DK-89/
001A
Contract EPA-68-02-4271
For system on diskette, see PB89-103956. Prepared in
cooperation with Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of a comparison of historic
S02 and NOx emission data sets. During the past few
years, several research projects have been conducted
to reconstruct historic air pollution emission trends in
the U.S. The report compares in detail the emission es-
timates and attempts to determine the methodological
differences that result in different emission estimates.
In addition, the U.S. EPA historical trends, the electric
utilities emissions estimates and the NAPAP monthly
trends inventory are compared to Gschwandtner's In-
ventory. One objective of the study was to determine a
basis for changing any of the existing estimates in
order to minimize or eliminate unnecessary differences
in reported national total emissions for common years.
-------
Revised NOx and S02 emission estimates, based pri-
marily on Gschwandtner and EPA trends, are recom-
mended for use in future analyses utilizing historic
emission estimates.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Trends, Emission, Estimat-
ing, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Tables(Oata),
Documentation, Air pollution control, Stationaiy
sources.
PB89-103980/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Induction of Supernumerary Ribs in Rodents:
Role of the Maternal Stress (Journal Version).
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
P. E. Beyer, and N. Chernoff. c1986,13p EPA/600/J-
86/493
Pub. in Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagen-
esis, v6 p419-429 1986. Prepared in cooperation with
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The present study describes the effects of immobiliza-
tion stress on the induction of supemumeraiy ribs. To
isolate the sensitive period of SNR induction, Sprague-
Dawley rats and CD-1 mice were treated with 300 mg/
kg and 1500 mg/kg, respectively, of sodium salicylate
on single days 7-11 of gestation. In the rat, day 10 was
found to be the sensitive period of lumbar rib induction
while 9 was critical in the mouse. In a second set of ex-
periments, maternal stress was accomplished by re-
straining two groups of gravid females in the supine
position lor 12 hours on the predetermined sensitive
day. One group was immobilized from 9am-9pm, while
the second group was restrained from 9pm-9am. An
increase in supernumerary ribs was noted in stressed
mice but not in rats. The 9am-9pm mouse group exhib-
ited the highest increase in supernumerary ribs (41 %)
as well as significant incidences of fused ribs and ex-
encephaly. Results suggest that supernumerary ribs
may be the indirect result of agent-induced, general-
ized maternal stress in the CD-1 mouse. (Copyright (c)
1986 Alan R.Liss, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Teratology, 'Psychological stress, Preg-
nancy, Laboratory animals, Species specificity, Immo-
bilization, Body weight. Reprints, 'Rib abnormalities.
PB89-103998/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Acute, 14-Day Repeated Dosing, and 90-Day
Subchronlc Toxicity Studies of Potassium Pl-
cloram (Journal Version). Journal article,
Virginia Commonwealth Univ., Richmond. Dept. of
Pharmacology and Toxicology.
J. R. Hayes, L. W. Condie, and J. F. Borzelleca. C1986,
10p EPA/600/J-86/473
Grant EPA-R-808861
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, v7 n3
p464-470 Oct 86. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Potassium picloram was administered either by
ravage (acute studies) or in drinking water to male and
female Sprague-Dawley derived rats (14-day and 90-
day studies). The acute oral LD50 was 950 mg/kg
(812-1120) tor mates and 686 mg/kg (599-786) for fe-
males. Depression, prostration, ataxia, tremors and
convulsions preceded death. There were no consist-
ent biologically significant compound related effects in
rats that received 60, 190 or 600 mo potassium pi-
cloram/kg/day for 14 days. In the subchronlc study,
rats received 60, 190, 600 or 1070 mg potassium pi-
cloram/kg/day for 90 consecutive days. There were
only 4 male and 2 female survivors out of 20 rats of
each sex at the 1070 mg/kg dose and 16 male and 18
female survivors at the 570 mg/kg dose. Mortality was
dose-dependent. No specific organ site toxicity could
be identified in these studies. Toxicity from exposure to
picloram in drinking water is apparently low. (Copyright
(c) 1986 by the Society of Toxicology.)
Keywords: 'Toxic substances, 'Toxicity, 'Herbicides,
'Picloram, Mortality, Laboratory animals, Dose-re-
sponse relationships, Oral administration. Pathology.
Central nervous system, Liver, Kidney, Reprints, Pico-
linic acid/amino-tnchtoro(Potassium salt).
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB89-104004/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Acute, 14-Day Repeated Dosing, and 90-Day
Subchronlc Toxicity Studies of Carbon Tetrachlo-
ride In CD-I Mice (Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. R. Hayes, L. W. Condie, and J. F. Borzelleca. C1986,
12p EPA/600/J-66/472
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, v7 n3
p454-463 Oct 86. Prepared in cooperation with Virginia
Commonwealth Univ., Richmond. Dept. of Pharmacol-
ogy and Toxicology.
CD-1 mice were utilized in 14-day repeated dosing and
90-day subchronic toxicity studies of carbon tetrachlo-
ride employing oral gavage with a corn-oil vehicle. The
14-day study used doses of 625, 1250 and 2500 mg/
kg and the 90-day subchronic study used doses of 12,
120, 540 and 1200 mg/kg. The 14-day study revealed
a dose dependent mortality and decreased body
weight in males, whereas females demonstrated mor-
tality only at the high dose. Other major findings were:
decreased fibrinogen and lymphocytes, increased
LDH, SGPT and SGOT, increased liver weight and de-
creased lung, thymus and kidney weights. No mortality
was evident in the 90-day study. Decreased hemoglo-
bin was evident in males and females and depressed
hematocrits in females. LDH, SGPT, SGOT and ALP
were increased: blood glucose levels decreased at all
dosage levels. Liver and spleen weights were in-
creased at all doses and thymus weights were in-
creased in all but the two lower doses in females. Liver
damage was observed at all doses in both sexes.
Keywords: "Carbon tetrachloride, 'Toxicity, 'Toxic
substances, Liver, Pathology, Mortality, Laboratory
animals, Chlorine organic compounds, Corn oil, Dose-
response relationships, Hematology, Enzymes, Liver
function tests, Body weight, Sex factors, Organ weight,
Reprints.
PB89-104012/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Luna Tumor Induction In Strain a Mice with Ben-
zotnchlorids (Journal Version). Journal article,
Medical Coil, of Ohio at Toledo. Dept. of Pathology.
G. D. Stoner, M. You, M. A. Morgan, and M. J.
Superczynski. c1986,10p EPA/600/J-86/471
Pub. in Cancer Letters, v33 p167-173 1986. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Benzotrichloride (BTC) is used in the synthesis of ben-
zoyl chloride and benzoyl peroxide. Epidemiological
data suggest that BTC is a human lung carcinogen. In
the present study, BTC was evaluated for Its ability to
induce lung adenomas in strain A/J mice. Four groups
of 15 male and 15 female A/J mice were injected i.p.
with either tricaprylin or BTC in tricaprylin three times a
week for 8 weeks. BTC groups received doses totaling
1440 mg/kg, 719 mg/kg or 287 mg/kg. The mean
number of lung tumors per mouse was 127 87 plus or
minus 5.81, 43 plus or minus 2.44, and 17.73 plus or
minus 1.09 in the groups treated with either 1440 mg/
kg, 719 mg/kg, or 287 mg/kg, respectively. Tricaprylln-
vehicle controls had a mean number of 0.46 plus or
minus 0.15 lung tumors per mouse. Therefore, BTC
produced a significant (P< 0.001) and dose-related in-
crease in the Tung tumor response when compared to
tricaprylin controls and is a potent carcinogen in the
strain A mouse lung tumor bioassay. (Copyright (c)
1986 Elsevier Scientific Publishers Ireland Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Toxic substances, "Toxicity, 'Carcino-
gens, 'Occupational safety and health, Lung neo-
plasms, Laboratory animals, Dose-response relation-
ships, Chlorine organic compounds, Reprints, Benzo-
trichloride, Benzene/trichloromethyl.
PB89-104020/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Mechanism for the Large Anisotropic Swelling of
DNA Films (Journal Version). Journal article,
Arizona State Univ., Tempe. Dept. of Physics and As-
tronomy.
G. Lewen, S- M. Lindsay, N. J. Tao, T. Weidlich, and R.
J. Graham. C1986,8p EPA/600/ J-86/494
Contract EPA-68-02-4105
Pub. in Biopolvmers, v25 p766-770 1986. Prepared in
cooperation with Stockholm Univ. (Sweden). Arrtienius
Lab. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Wet spun films of DNA show a large anisotropic swatt-
ing when hydrated, changing little along the fiber axis
but swelling by a factor of 10 or more perpendicular to
the axis. High resolution electron microscopy has been
performed on films with 1 gram NaCI content per Qram
DNA (1% Na-DNA), as well as higher salt content Na-
DNA and with Li-DNA, before and after swelling. After
swelling and vacuum drying, the 1 % Na-DNA snow* a
markedly different structure than the more heavib
salted DNA. The 1 % Na-DNA consists mostly of amor-
phous regions and plate-like lamellae with only a small
percentage of fibrous material remaining. However,
the stability of these preparations presumably de-
pends on these fibrous regions which act as tie points
for the amorphous matrix. The more heavily salted Na-
DNA and Li-DNA do not contain such regions on swift-
ing, which may contribute to the solubility of these rna-
terials. (Copyright (c) 1986 John Wiley and Sons, Inc.)
Keywords: *DNA, "Films, "Fibers, Swelling, Arxisotro-
py, Electron microscopy, Sodium chloride,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints.
PB89-104277/HSU	PC A03/MF AOI
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triantfe
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse:
Case Studies In Risk Communication. Final rept
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC. Progress
Center.
Jun 88,48p DCN-88-239-001 -38-11, EPA/450/5-88/
003
Contract EPA-68-02-4330
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency.Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Pttri-
ning and Standards.
The report documents the risk communication experi-
ence of three agencies. Case studies are presented
describing the experience of the Puget Sound (Wash-
ington) Air Pollution Control Agency and the San Diego
County (California) Air Pollution Control District In com-
municating the results of source-specific cancer risk
assessments. Routine risk communication practices,
rather than a specific case study, are presented for
Maryland's Department of the Environment. The report
is intended to be most useful to State and Local agetv-
cies just beginning to do quantitative cancer risk as-
sessments, and seeking to benefit from the risk oorn-
munication experience of others.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Air pollution control.
Carcinogens, Epidemiology, "Air toxic substances,
"Risk assessment.
PB89-104293/HSU	PC A04/MF Ml
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor Mi
Office of Mobile Sources.	' *
Butadiene Measurement Technology. Final rant
Jun 87-Feb 88,	•
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
L. R. Smith. Aug 88,57p EPA/460/3-88/005 -
Contract EPA-68-03-4044
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Ann
Arbor, Ml. Office of Mobile Sources.
The program involved the development and validation
of a gas chromatography procedure to measure 1 a.
butadiene levels in vehicle exhaust. After development
and validation, the procedure was used to measuni
1,3-butadiene emissions from each of two gasoline-
fueled light-duty test vehicles over duplicate coktatM
Federal Test Procedure (FTP) tests. In addition, to the
1,3-butadiene measurements, regulated exhaust errfe.
sions, other C4 hydrocarbons, and fuel economy
measurements were conducted for each FTP test.
Keywords: 'Butadiene, 'Exhaust gases, 'Motor v«hl
cle engines, Chemical analysis, Ga9 chromatogna&g<
Air pollution control, Air toxic substances.
P089-1O4418/HSU	PCAW/MF,
Toxicokinetics of Fenvalerate in Rainbow T.
('Salmo galrdneri') (Journal Version). Journal <
cte,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
S. P. Bradbury, J. R. Coats, and J. M. McKim. c19to :
12p EPA/600/J-86/485
Puo. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry ««
p567-576 Nov 86. Prepared in cooperation with
State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Entomology.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
An in vivo rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) preparation
was used to evaluate the gill uptake and toxicokinetics
of (3H)fenvalerate ((R,S)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxyben-
zyl (R,S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyrate), a syn-
thetic pyrethroid insecticide. Fish were exposed to
technical-grade fenvalerate (0.28 or 23 ng/L) or an
emulsifiable-concentrate formulation (16 ng/L) for 36
to 48 h. No significant effects of emulslfiers or fenva-
lerate concentration on uptake were observed. The
overall mean gill uptake efficiency was determined to
be 28.6. Following 8- to 46-h depuration periods, car-
cass and bile contained 80 to 90 percent and 10 to 20
percent of the gill-absorbed doses, respectively. Anal-
ysis of biliary metabolites indicated that the glucuro-
nide of 4'-HO-fenvalerate was the only significant deg-
radation product. Results from the present study sug-
gest that efficient gill uptake does not explain the ex-
treme sensitivity of fish to fenvalerate. Rather, a low
rate of biotransformation and excretion may play a sig-
nificant role in the susceptibility of rainbow trout to the
synthetic pyrethroid insecticides. (Copyright (c) 1986
SETAC.)
Keywords: 'Toxic substances, 'Insecticides, 'Salmo
oairdneri, 'Trout, 'Toxicity, Gills, Pharmacokinetics,
Tissue distribution. Metabolism, Biotransformation, Ex-
cretion, Degratlon, Toxicology, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Aquatic organisms, Reprints, 'Fenvalerate,
Benzene acetic acid/cyano(phenoxyphenyl)methyl-
chloro-(methylethyl).
PB89-104426/H8U	PC A02/MF A01
Empirical Models for Lake Acidification In the
Upper Great Lakes Region. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. A. Rogalla, P. L. Brezonik, and G. E. Glass. C1986,
9p EPA/600/J-86/486
Pub. in Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 31, p95-100 Jul
86. Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Univ., Min-
neapolis. Dept. of Civil and Mineral Engineering.
A large data base on inland lakes in the Upper Great
Lakes Region (UGLR) was used to evaluate assump-
tions and relationships of empirical acidification
models. Improved methods to calculate background
alkalinity and background S04(2-) are reported;
SO4(20 enrichment factors indicate that terrestrial
S04(2-) sources and watershed or lake sinks must be
considered for site-specific background S04(2-) esti-
mates. Significant relationships were found between
lake acidification estimated as change in S04(2-) and
precipitation acidify but not between changes in lake
alkalinity and precipitation acidity in the lightly impact-
ed region. (Copyright (c) 1986 by D. Reidel Publishing
Company.)
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Great Lakes, 'Water pollu-
tion, PrecipitationfMeteorology), Mathematical
models, Watersheds, Estimates, Alkalinity, Sulfur diox-
ide, Sulfuric acid, ions, Land use, Graphs(Charts),
Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Reprints.
PBM-104632/H8U	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Development and Evaluation of a Procedure for
Determining Volatile Organic* in Water (Journal
Version). Journal article,
Research Triangle Inst, Research Triangle Park, NC.
L. C. Michael, E. D. Pelizzari, and R. W. Wiseman.
C1988,8p EPA/600/J-88/0S4
Contract EPA-68-03-2704
Pub In Environmental Science and Technology, v22
ns p665-570 May 88. See also PB89-104832. Pre-
pared in cooperation with National Inst, of Environ-
mental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Athens,
GA.
A comprehensive procedure for Isolation of volatile or-
ganic compounds from various waters was developed
through the use of representative volatile organic com-
pounds as part of the EPA Master Analytical Scheme.
ptSkritWi recoveries were determined for a broad
range of analytes in distilled water, municipal
wastewater effluent, and Industrial (energy-related)
wastewater effluent. The apparatus for isolation of the
compounds form water was Interfaced directly to a gas
chromatograph-mass spectrometer-computer, and re-
coveries were determined for compounds comprising
afferent functional groups in drinking water and munic-
ipal-industrial wastewater. (Copyright (c) American
Chemical Society 1988.)
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Chemical analysis, Mass
spectroscopy, Gas chromatography, Waste water, In-
dustrial wastes, Water quality management, Water
analysis, 'Volatile organic compounds(VOC), Drinking
water.
PB89-104640/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Granular Activated Carbon for Controlling THMs
(Trlhalomethanes) (Journal Version). Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
B. W. Lykins, R. M. Clark, and J. Q. Adams. 1988,11 p
EPA/600/J-88/051
Pub. in Jnl. of American Water Works Association,
p85-92 May 88.
Suggested reduction of the maximum contaminant
level for trihalomethanes (THMs) could force many
utilities to change disinfectants or to alter treatment
processes. Faced with the possibility, more utilities are
considering granular activated carbon for trace organ-
ics removal. The report presents performance and
cost data, collected from five sites, for the removal of
THMs, their precursors, and surrogates.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Halohydrocar-
bons, 'Potable water, 'Activated carbon treatment,
Water pollution abatement, Performance evaluation,
Economic analysis, Drinking water, Volatile organic
compounds(VOC).
PB89-104806/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Review of the Drinking Water Health Criteria Doc-
ument for Styrene. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
19 Jul 88,9p SAB/EHC-88/039
See also PB86-118056.
The Drinking Water Subcommittee completed its
review of the document. The Subcommittee made the
following conclusions and recommendations: there is
insufficient evidence to Justify the reclassification of
styrene to EPA's category B2 and the Committee rec-
ommend continuation of the category C classification,
the study by Quast et al should be discounted because
it was less than a lifetime study and the metabolism in
the dogs poorly understood, the rationale for choosing
the study used to quantify the risk was unclear and
needs to be more clearly articulated, all of the epidemi-
ology findings should be included in the analysis, and
the exposure section needs to be changed to more re-
alistically reflect the existing situation.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Toxicology, 'Styrene, Re-
views, Exposures, Water pollution. Public health, Labo-
ratory animals, Risk, Carcinogens, Mutagens, 'Drink-
ing water, 'Water qualify criteria, 'Environmental
health, 'Water pollution effects(Humans), 'Water pol-
lution effects(Animals), Path of pollutants.
PB89-104814/H8U	PC A02/MF A01
Review of the Drinking Water Criteria Document
for Copper. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
19 Jul 88.5p SAB/EHC-88/036
See also PB87-137733.
The Metals Subcommittee of the Science Advisory
Board's Environmental Health Committee completed
its review of the Drinking Water Criteria Document for
Copper dated February 1987. The Subcommittee con-
cluded that the derivation of the drinking water stand-
ard from the 1 day Health Advisory Is reasonably
based on acute effects. No data indicates that copper
will accumulate in the body at these levels which justi-
fies these the use of the 1 day health advisory for the
drinking water standard. However there is a caveat If
the proposed drinking water standard is equivalent to
or the basis for a Maximum Contaminant Level Goad
(MCLG), the consideration of dietary Intake from food
is recommended, since route comprises most (more
than 80%) of the total copper intake. Rounding off to
one significant figure the Subcommittee recommends
a final value of one 1 mg/L for the standard.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Copper, 'Toxicology,
Contaminants, Concentration(Composltion), Toxtefty,
Reviews, 'Drinking water, 'Water quality criteria,
'Toxic substances, Health effects.
PB89-104822/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Assessment Document for Trlchloroethy-
lene. July 1987 Draft Addendum. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
9 Mar 88,9p SAB/EHC-88/012
See also PB85-249696.
The Halogenated Organic Subcommittee evaluated
the document, and the conclusions and recommenda-
tions are as follows: the document presented the
strength and weaknesses in a balance manner, the
Addendum should place greater because of the
number of apparent negative as well possibility of a ap-
parent compound is a tumor inducing agent and the
genotoxic information. The overall weight of evidence
lies on the continuum between the categories B2 and
C of EPA's risk assessment guidelines for cancer. The
Subcommittee's major concerns with the Addendum,
is that the relatively moderate tumor responses and
the uncertainties regarding most of the assumed end-
points are not adequately presented. The committee
concluded that the trichloroethylene has the potential
to cause cancer in humans, but Its potency is low.
Keywords: 'Industrial hygiene, 'Degreasing, 'Air pol-
lution, Solvents, Toxicology, Laboratory animals, Car-
cinogens, Mutagens, 'Trichloroethylene, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Occupational safety and health, Ethylene/
trichloro.
PB88-104830/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Drinking Water Disinfection and Disinfection By-
product* Research Program. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
23 Oct 87,29p SAB/ EHC-88/005
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
An EPA Subcommittee concluded that current re-
search efforts are well focused in view that they appro-
priately address a number of scientific issues that cur-
rently confront the EPA Office of Drinking Water. The
caliber of the research personnel and the qualify of the
individual research projects were viewed as being gen-
erally high. Current research efforts presented to the
Subcommittee focused almost exclusively in the area
of chlorination and the by-products resulting from the
treatment process. The Subcommittee's major recom-
mendation is that more attention be devoted to the po-
tential toxicity problems that could arise from alterna-
tives and/or adjuncts to chlorination.
Keywords: 'Disinfection, 'Drinking water, Science
findings, Chlorination, Water purification, Water treat-
ment chemicals, Project management, Evaluation,
Toxicology, Health effects research, Environmental
Protection Agency.
PB89-104855	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Ozone Effects on Alpha-1-Proteinaae Inhibitor In
vivo: Blood Plasma Inhibitory Activity Is Un-
changed. Journal article,
East Tennessee State Univ., Johnson City.
D. A. Johnson, R. S. Winters, T. Woolley, D. Graham,
and F. W. Henderson. C1986,10p EPA/600/ J-86/492
Pub. in Experimental Lung Research, v11 p95-103
1986. Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina
Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Medicine. Sponsored by
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
The possible oxidative inactivation of human blood
plasma alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (PI) by inhaled
ozone was assessed. Eleven male volunteers (non-
smokers) were exposed to 0.5 ppm ozone for four
hours on two consecutive days and ten control sub-
jects were exposed to air under the same conditions.
Blood plasma samples, drawn before and after treat-
ment, were assayed for total PI, total protein and elas-
tase inhibitory activity. The amount of active PI in
plasma samples was quantitated by titrating porcine
pancreatic elastase with increasing amounts of
plasma. The Importance of constructing titration
curves for determinations of the type was demonstrat-
ed. No differences were noted in the ratios of total PI/
total protein or elastase inhibitory activity/total PI in
the plasma from ozone exposed individuals relative to
controls. Although inhaled ozone did not result in any
significant decrease in the activity of blood plasma PI,
these findings do not preclude the possibility of oxkta-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tive inactivation of PI in the lung. (Copyright (c) 1986 by
Hemisphere Publishing Corporation.)
Keywords: "Ozone, *Alpha-1-antitrypsin, Toxicity,
Enzyme inhibitors, Elastase, Exposure, Respiration,
Blood plasma, Reprints.
PB89-104863	Not available NTIS
Rodent Whole-Embryo Culture as a Teratogen
Screening Method (Journal Version). Journal arti-
cle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
K. T. Kitchin, B. P. Schmid, and M. K. Sanyal. C1986,
12p EPA/600/J-86/491
Pub. in Methods and Findings in Experimental Clinical
Pharmacology, v8 p291-301 1986. Prepared in coop-
eration with Yale Univ., New Haven, CT. School of
Medicine.
In vitro rodent whole embryo culture offers a wholistic
system in which extremely rapid cell division and spe-
cific time-related morphogeny events occur. Because
in vitro development so closely parallels that occurring
in vivo, the in vitro embryo culture system appears to
be particularly relevant in the detection of teratogenic
and embryotoxic compounds. Correlation between the
in vitro screen and the published results of in vivo
embryo toxicology and teratology studies has been
very good. There is a high correlation (r=0.97) be-
tween the concentration of teratogenic agents which
cause adverse effects in vitro and the in vivo terato-
genic dose of these compounds.
Keywords: 'Teratogens, "Toxicology, "Drug screen-
ing, Methodology, Embryo, Laboratory animals, Tissue
culture, Fetal development, Postimplantation phase,
Reprints.
PB89-104871	Not available NTIS
Amygdaloid Kindling Increases Enkephalin-LIke
Immunoreactlvlty but Decreases Dynorphln-A-
Uke Immunoreactlvlty In Rat Hippocampus. Jour-
nal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.
J. F. McGinty, T. Kanamatsu, J. Obie, R. S. Dyer, and
C. L. Mitchell. C1986,7p EPA/600/J-86/490
Pub. in Neurosclence Letters, v71 p31-36 1986. Pre-
pared in cooperation with National Inst, of Environ-
mental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC.,
and East Carolina Univ. School of Medicine, Green-
ville, NC.
The effects of amygdaloid kindling on the regional
levels and distribution of enkephalin-like immunoreac-
!E!?X J ' and dynorphin A-like immunoreactivity
(DNLI) were examined. One day after completion of
kindling, radioimmunoassay revealed that there was a
70 percent decrease in DNLI and a 50 percent in-
crease in ELI in the hippocampus. DNLI immunostain-
ing revealed a depletion in the hippocampal mossy
fiber pathway and an increase in ELI in the mossy fiber
and perforant pathways. Levels of DNLI and ELI were
not altered in hypothalamus or frontal cortex. Four
weeks after completion of kindling, the levels and im-
munostaining intensity of DNLI and ELI in the hippo-
campus had returned to control values. (Copyright (c)
1986 Elsevier Scientific Publishers Ireland Ltd.)
Keywords: "Hippocampus, "Amygdaloid body, "Dyn-
orphin, "Enkephains, Seizures, Laboratory animals,
Kindling(Neurology), Frontal lobe, Reprints.
PB89-104889	Not available NTIS
Postnatal Evaluation of Prenatal Exposure to p -
Xylene In tha Rat. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. B. Rosen, K. M. Crofton, and N. Chernoff. c1986,9p
EPA/600/J-86/489
Pub. in Toxicology Letters, v34 p223-229 1906. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to either
3500 or 7000 mg/m3 p-xylene from days 7-16 of ges-
tation. Dams were allowed to give birth, and litters
counted, weighed, and observed for external malfor-
mations on postnatal days (PD) 1 and 3. Litters were
normalized to 8 pups (4 males and 4 females +1) on
PD4. On PD21 animals were weaned and littermates
housed by sex. Body weights were recorded weekly
1154 Vol. 90, No. 24
until weaning and once every two weeks thereafter.
Central nervous system development was evaluated
by acoustic startle response on PD13, 17, 21, and 63
as well as figure eight maze activity on PD22 and 65.
The data indicate that p-xylene as administered in the
study does not appear to be a selective developmental
toxicant in the rat. (Copyright (c) Elsevier Science Pub-
lishers B.V. (Biomedical Division).)
Keywords: "Toxic substances, "Xylenes, "Toxicity,
Pregnancy, Growth, Reproduction, Exposure, Body
weight, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Central nervous
system, Prenatal exposure delayed effects, Laboratory
animals. Reprints, Benzene/p-dimethyl.
PB89-105019/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Science Advisory Board Endorses the Range of
Risks Presented by EPA (Environmental Protec-
tion Agency) In Radon Risk Estimates. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
9 Sep 88,8p SAB/RAC-88/042
The EPA Science Advisory Board's (SAB) Radiation
Advisory Committee endorses the range of risk esti-
mates proposed by EPA's Office of Radiation Pro-
grams in Radon Risk Estimates. The Committee rec-
ommends EPA not attempt to develop still another
model for radon and radon daughter risk estimation
and projection, but urges the use of existing technical
consensus reports. Three important technical consen-
sus reports on radon risks are of potential use to EPA.
None of these reports is clearly pre-eminent; each has
its strengths and weaknesses which reflect the uncer-
tain state of knowledge in particular areas. Two of
these reports appear to have greater utility for EPA.
Keywords: "Radon, Hazardous materials, Air pollution
control, Project management, Exposure, "Risk as-
sessment, Environmental Protection Agency, Air toxic
substances.
PB89-105027/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for 1,2-Dlchlor-
opropane (Draft). Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
9 Mar 88,6pSAB/EHC-88/017
See also PB86-117850.
After conduct a review of the document, the Haloge-
nated Organics Subcommittee unanimously conclud-
ed that the drinking water equivalent level should not
be based on the non-carcinogenic endpoints of the
National Toxicology Program's 1986 bioassay in male
rats. It offered five reasons for this conclusion: (1) the
dose of 62 ma/kg bw/day represents a no-observed-
effect-level (NOEL) for cancer in male rats; (2) the
endpoints of survival, body weight organs and tissues
are not sufficiently sensitive; and (3) histological le-
sions were observed in the testes of some male rats
given the 62 mg dose; and (4) to the male reproductive
toxin 1,2 dibromo-3-chloropropane are sufficient evi-
dence that the chemical may be a male reproductive
toxic; and (5) the NTP bioassay was not designed to
supply data for derivation of a drinking water equiva-
lent level.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Toxicology, Reviews, Ex-
posures, Chlorine organic compounds, Water pollu-
tion, Public health, Laboratory animals, Risk, Carcino-
gens, Mutagens, "Drinking water, "Water quality crite-
ria, "Dichloropropanes, "Water pollution
effects(Humans), "Water pollution effects(Animals),
Propane/dichloro, Case studies, Health risk, Occupa-
tion safety and health.
PB89-105035/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Review of ORD (Office of Research and Develop-
ment) Drinking Water Distribution System Re-
search Program. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
9 Mar 88,10p SAB/EHC-88/020
The Drinking Water Subcommittee of the EPA Science
Advisory Board's Environmental Health Committee
completed its independent scientific review of the
Office of Research and Development Drinking Water
Distribution System Research Program. The Subcom-
mittee's major conclusions and recommendations are:
the research program needs greater cohesiveness
both in terms of scientific integration and research
planning; the assimilable organic carbon studies merit
additional support to establish whether or not micro-
biological contaminants are growing within the distribu-
tion system; the declining support for research on cor-
rosion is short-sighted; the cost modeling studies
should be terminated; and the water quality modeling
study should be continued, but with refinement in the
research objectives and appropriate verification meas-
ures.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Research management,
"Water quality management, Microrganism
control(Water), Mathematical models, Corrosion,
Project planning, Economic analysis, Evaluation'
Drinking water, Environmental Protection Agency. '
PB89-105043/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
For the Interim, the Proposed Central Estimate
and Range in EPA's (Environmental Protection
Agency's) Low-LET Risk Estimate for Regulatory
Purposes are Acceptable. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
9 Sep 88,7p SAB/RAC-68/041
The EPA Science Advisory Board's (SAB) Radiation
Advisory Committee has reviewed EPA's Low-LET
Risk Estimate for Regulatory Purposes and deter-
mined that, on an interim basis, the nominal central es-
timate of 400 fatal cancers and a range of 120-1200
additional fatal cancers per million persons exposed to
one rad of low-LET radiation is acceptable. However
several important reports and radiation risks are ex-
pected within the year which could alter the under-
standing of their magnitude. The reports are based, in
part, on new information from Japan on the survivors
of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
The SAB urges EPA to take the findings and conclu-
sions of such reports into account in the development
of final regulations on radionuclides in the environ-
ment.
Keywords: "Radiation hazards, "Radionuclides, "Con-
taminants, "Malignant neoplasms, Regulations, Haz-
ardous materials, Exposure, "Risk assessment. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency.
PB89-105381	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
High Resolution of Mouse Chromosomes: Band-
ing Conservation between Man and Mouse (Jour-
nal Version). Journal article,
Florida Inst, of Tech., Melbourne.
J. R. Sawyer, and J. C. Hozier. c1986, 5p EPA/600/J-
86/488
Grant EPA-R-812163
Pub. in Science, v232 p1632-1635 1986. Sponsored
by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park kll"
A detailed schematic representation of high resolution
G-banding patterns was prepared from elongated and
finely banded mitotic chromosommes of the mouse.
Such chromosomes can be obtained from both animal
tissue and cell lines by a simple protocol, facilitating
precise demarcation of break points in chromosome
rearrangements, as well as aiding in sublocalization of
genes. Regions of subbanding homology were ob-
served between human and mouse chromosomal seg-
ments known to have conserved gene assignments in-
dicating that, at the cytogenetic level, extensive re-
gions of the mammalian genome may remain intact
after 60 million years of species divergence. (Copyright
(c) 1986 by the American Association for the Advance-
ment of Science.)
Keywords: "Evolution, "Mice, "Chromosome bandina
"Cytogenetics, Chromosomes, Prophase, Genetics
Inbred DBA mice, Laboratory animals, Humans Chnk
mosome mapping, Reprints.	'
PB89-105399	Not available NTIS
Sulfolane Effects on Audiogenic, Pentylenetetra-
zol and Afterdischarge Seizure Activity. Journal ar-
ticle.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triannia
Park, NC.	n,le
L. J. Burdette, and R. S. Dyer. C1986,7p EPA/600/J-
86/487
Pub. in Neurobehavioral Toxicity and Teratology va
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Services, Inc./Environmental Sciences, Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Sulfolane dosages that alter seizure susceptibility
were determined using audiogenic (AG), pentylenetra-
zol (PTZ) and hippocampal afterdischarge (AD) sei-
zure models. The presence of AG seizures and poten-
tiation of PTZ seizures were investigated in rats inject-
ed IP with 0, 200, 400 or 800 mg/kg; AD activity was
assessed only at the highest and lowest dosages. The
dose-dependent hypothermia associated with sulfo-
lane treatment was controlled in Experiment I and a
replication study (Experiment II) by testing under isoth-
ermic conditions. The effect of body temperature was
measured directly In Experiment III by comparing AG
seizure incidence and characteristics exhibited by hy-
pothermic and normothermic animals. Audiogenic sei-
zures were elicited in nearly half of the 800 mg/kg ani-
mals in both Experiments I and II. Sulfolane-induced
hypothermia, maximal at 3 hours, partially protected
against AG seizure characteristics. Potentiation of PTZ
seizure severity (800 ma/kg) and duration (800 and
400 mg/kg) also were observed. None of the hippo-
campal AD parameters was affected significantly by
sulfolane treatment. The similarity of the convulsants,
sulfolane and PTZ, is discussed. (Copyright (c) Ankho
International Inc.)
Keywords: 'Convulsants, 'Toxic substances, 'Toxici-
ty, Seizures, Hippocampus, Laboratory animals, Expo-
sure, Central nervous system, Sulfur heterocyclic com-
pounds, Body temperature, Pentylenetetrazol, Drug
synergism, Nitrogen heterocyclic compounds, Re-
prints, 'Sulfolane, Thiophene dioxide/tetrahydro.
PBS9-105407	Not available NT1S
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park,NC.
Effect! of Prenatal Nltrofen Exposure on Cardiac
Structure and Function In the Rat. Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc./Environmental Sciences, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
C Lau, A. M. Cameron, O. trsula, and K. S. Robinson.
C1986,12p EPA/600/J-86/484
Contract EPA-68-02-4032
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v86
o22-32 1986. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The herbicide nltrofen was administered to pregnant
Fischer-344 and Sprague-Dawley rats on days 10-13
of gestation (po., 20 or 40 mg/kg daily) and its effects
on cardiac structure and function were investigated in
the offspring. In the 21-day fetuses, nitrofen did not in-
fluence intrauterine growth or basal heart rate. In con-
trast, the herbicide produced a marked depression of
heart rate and abnormal electrocardiographic (ECG)
profiles in the newborn rats, in conjunction with la-
bored respiratory movements and a profound increase
of postnatal mortality. A few animals displayed cardiac
ventricular septal defects and diaphragmatic hernias
but these malformations did not appear to be associat-
ed with the ECG changes. The chronotropic deficien-
cies seen in the nitrofen-treated pups were reversible
by acute hyperoxia (40% oxygen). These results sug-
gest that the teratogenic effects of nitrofen on cardiac
physiology and postnatal mortality cannot be account-
ed for solely by spe cific gross anatomical damages to
the rat heart and diaphragm. (Copyright (c) 1986 by
Academic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Toxic substances, 'Herbicides, 'Terato-
g'Toxicity, Prenatal exposure delayed effects,
Electrocardiography, Heart rate, Pregnancy, Chlorine
organic compounds, Ethers, Respiration, Heart, Labo-
ratory animals, Reprints, 'Nitrofen, Benzene/dichloro-
nltrophenoxy.
PBM-105415	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
PmK NC.
•olid-Phase Assay for the Phosphorylation of
Protein* Blotted on Nitrocellulose Membrane Fil-
ters. Journal article,
Rockefeller Univ., New York.
F Valtorta. W. Scheibler, R. Jahn, B. Ceccarelli, and P.
Greenoard. C1986,9p EPA/600/J-86/483
Grant EPA-R-810608
pub in Analytical Biochemistry 158, p130-137 1986.
Prepared in cooperation with Milan Univ. (Italy). Sporv
¦nrad by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angSe Park, NC.
A new procedure for the phosphorylation and assay of
phosphoproteins is described. Proteins are solubilized
from tissue samples, separated by polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis, transferred onto nitrocellulose mem-
brane filters and the blotted polypeptides are phos-
phorylated with the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP (3',
5'-adenosine monophosphate)-dependent protein
kinase. The method was developed for the assay of
dephosphosynapsin I, but it has also proven suitable
for the phosphorylation of other proteins. The patterns
of phosphorylation of tissue samples phosphorylated
using the new method are similar to those obtained
using the conventional test tube assay. Once phos-
phorylated, the adsorbed proteins can be digested
with proteases and subjected to phosphopeptide map-
ping. The phosphorylated blotted proteins can also be
analyzed by overlay techniques for the immunological
detection of polypeptides. (Copyright (c) by Academic
Press, Inc.)
Keywords: "Phosphoproteins, 'Phosphorylation, 'Pro-
tein kinases, 'Neurochemistry, Cattle, Methodology,
Peptide mapping, Laboratory animals, Reprints, *Syn-
apsin I.
PB89-105423/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Renal Functional Tsratogsnesls Resulting from
Adrlamycln Exposure (Journal Version). Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. J. Kavlock, E. H. Rogers, and B. F. Rehnberg. 1986,
11p EPA/600/J-86/482
Pub. in Teratology, v33 p213-2201986.
Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to adria-
mycin, an anthracycline antibiotic used in the treat-
ment of neoplasms, and offspring were evaluated for
renal functional competence using a variety of physio-
logical techniques. Exposure consisted of 0,1.0 or 1.5
mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection on either gestational
days 7-10 or 10-12. Exposure during days 7-10 of ges-
tation produced greater evidence of overt develop-
mental toxicity than did exposure during days 10-12 of
gestation. The reverse was true, however, for the ef-
fects of adriamycin on renal function, as the majority of
effects on these measures (Including decreased creat-
inine clearance, increased fractional excretion of
water, decreased renal concentrating ability and de-
creased ability to excrete an acid load) were found in
the high dose pups exposed during days 10-12 of ges-
tation.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Adriamycin, 'Teratogens,
'Kidney, Prenatal exposure delayed effects, Kidney
function tests, Laboratory animals, Pregnancy, Expo-
sure, Reprints.
PB89-105431	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Microbiological Content and Health Effect of Fish-
ponds Enriched with Wastewater Effluent Journal
article,
Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem (Israel). Envi-
ronmental Health Lab.
N. Guttman-Bass, N. M. Noe, and B. Fattal. c1987,9p
EPA/600/J-86/478
Grant EPA-R-806416
Pub. in Water Science and Technology, vi 8 ni 0 p2l 1-
218 Oct 86. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
During July to December 1980, a study was carried out
on kibbutzim (cooperative agricultural settlements) in
Israel, to determine the microbiological quality and
health effect of fishponds enriched with human
wastewater. Ponds on seven kibbutzim were sampled,
two of which were chosen for intensive study: one
used domestic wastewater effluent as a fishpond sup-
plement, while the other used only animal wastes as a
supplement. Thirty-eight water samples were assayed
for total and fecal conform. The use of wastewater in
the ponds did not consistently increase the levels of
the indicator bacteria in the water or in the fish, in com-
parison with unenriched ponds. Analysis of morbidity
data showed no significant excess in enteric disease
rates among the total population or among fishpond
workers on kibbutzim using wastewater for fishpond
enrichment. (Copyright (c) IAWPRC1987.)
Keywords: 'Wastewater, 'Fresh water biology, Munic-
ipal solid wastes, Water microbiology, Water quality,
Conforms, Bioassay, Poxviruses, Water analysis, Je-
rusalem, Fishpond enrichment, Kibbutzim, Agricultural
cooperatives.
PB89-105449	Not available NTIS
Bronchoconstrlctlon In Asthmatics Exposed to
Sulfur Dioxide during Repeated Exercise (Journal
Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. J. Roger, H. R. Kehrt, M. Hazucha, and D. H.
Horstman. c1985,9p EPA/600/J-85/536
Pub. in Jnl. of Applied Physiology, v59 p784-791 1985.
Prepared in cooperation with Rockwell International,
Chapel Hill, NC., and North Carolina Univ. at Chapel
Hill. School of Medicine.
Young male volunteers with mild asthma were ex-
posed for 75 min with natural breathing to 0.0, 0.25,
0.5, and 1.0 ppm S02. Each exposure included three
10-min periods of treadmill exercise with associated
minute ventilation. Specific airway resistance (sRaw)
was not significantly increased after exercise in 0.25
ppm S02. In 0.5 and 1.0 ppm S02, sRaw was in-
creased 2-fold and 3-foid above preexposure levels re-
spectively. There was a broad range of responses to
exercise and S02. The increases in sRaw after the
second and third exercises were significantly less than
after the first exercise. Respiratory impedance meas-
ured by forced random noise suggests that the in-
duced bronchoconstriction was primarily associated
with peripheral airways. The results confirm that mild
asthmatics as a group have significant bronchocon-
striction in response to short-term moderate exercise
with natural breathing in 1.0 and 0.5 ppm S02 but not
in 0.25 ppm S02. In addition, there is less induced
bronchoconstriction when exercise is repeated at
short intervals during exposure to S02.
Keywords: 'Asthma, 'Sulfur dioxide,
Exercise(Physiology), ConcentrationfCompositlon),
Exposure, Respiration, Reprints, 'Health effects, 'Air
pollution effects(Humans), Respiratory function tests,
Airway resistance.
PB89-105456	Not available NTIS
Toxicity of Mercuric Chloride to the Developing
Rat Kidney. 3. Distribution and Elimination of Mer-
cury during Postnatal Maturation. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
G. P. Daston. B. F. Rehnberg, L. L. Hall, and R. J.
Kavlock. C1986,11p EPA/600/J-86/480
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 85, p39-
48 May 86. See also PB85-124600. Prepared in coop-
eration with Wisconsin Univ.-Milwaukee. Dept. of Bio-
logical Sciences.
Mercuric chloride is a potent nephrotoxin in the adult
rat, but has little effect on newborns. Nephrotoxicity in-
creases with postnatal maturation. The study assess-
es the changes in tissue distribution and excretion of
Hg during postnatal development. Sprague Dawley
rats were injected so with 5 mg/kg (203)HgCI2 on
postnatal day 1,8,15,22 or 29. Hg concentration was
measured in the whole body, renal cortex, medulla and
papilla, liver, and subcellular fractions of liver and
kidney. Binding to cytosolic metallothionein was as-
sessed.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Mercuric chloride, Rats, Kid-
neys, Dosage, Metabolism, Reprints.
PB89-105464	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Analysis of Tap Water for Viruses: Results of a
Survey. Journal article,
Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem (Israel). Envi-
ronmental Health Lab.
N. Guttman-Bass, and B. Fattal. C1985,10p EPA/600/
J-85/535
Grant EPA-R-806416
Pub. in Water Science and Technology, v17 n10 p89-
96 Oct 85. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The paper is a preliminary report of the results of a
survey which assayed drinking water for viruses on 30
rural settlements in Israel. Over the period of a year
and a half, 111 samples were tested, and 3 were posi-
tive for viruses. The positive samples were from close-
ly situated settlements, and were of relatively good
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
bacteriological quality. The isolates were found in 300
1 samples which were concentrated on-site rather
than in the laboratory (100 1 samples) and by plaque
assay rather than cytopathic effect. Out of a total of
20,000 liters of water which were processed, 5 plaques
were isolated. (Copyright (c) 1985 LAWPRC.)
Keywords: "Potable water, 'Israel, 'Waterquality, "Vi-
ruses, "Water pollution, Water analysis, Aquatic micro-
biology, Bacteria, "Environmental surveys, Reprints.
PB89-105472	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Response of Human Ciliated Respiratory Epitheli-
um to Brief In vivo Ozone Exposure: An Ultras-
tructural Study (Journal Version). Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
J. L. Carson, A. M. Collier, N. G. Henshaw, C. A. Smith,
and S. C. Hu. c1985,17p EPA/600/J-85/534
Contract EPA-68-02-3404
Pub. in Environmental Research, v37 p212-227 1985.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Ciliated nasal epithelium obtained from human volun-
teers exposed under controlled conditions to 0.4 ppm
of ozone for four hours was examined by transmission
electron microscopy. These investigations were initiat-
ed to evaluate the utility of human ciliated nasal epithe-
lium as a model for the characterization of possible ul-
trastructural level cytopathic effects induced by short-
term, low level in vivo exposure to ozone. Particular at-
tention was given to both the qualitative and quantita-
tive evaluation of ciliated cells in the nasal respiratory
epithelium in response to ozone exposure. The results
of these investigations indicated that cell structure is
generally retained and no appreciable manifestations
of injury is evident in human nasal mucosa in response
to the regimen of ozone exposure employed during
these studies. (Copyright (c) by Academic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Ozone, "Epithelium, "Respirato-
ry system, Cilia, Humans, Exposure, Electron micros-
copy, Reprints, "Nasal epithelium.
PB89-105480	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Evaluation of Host Resistance and Immune Func-
tion In Cadmium-Exposed Mice (Journal Version).
Journal article,
IIT Research Inst., Chicago, IL. Life Sciences Div.
P. T. ThomaB, H. V. Ratajczak, C. Aranyi, R. Gibbons,
and J. D. Fenters. C1985,13p EPA/600/J-85/533
Contract N01 -ES-1 -5000
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v80
p446-456 1985. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC., and Nation-
al Inst, of Environmental Health Sciences, Research
Tnangle Park, NC.
Adult female B6C3F1 mica received distilled water
only or water containing 10, 50, or 250 ppm of cadmi-
um chloride (CdCI2) for 90 days. On Day 91 mice also
received a primary challenge with various infectious
agents. There was no change in body weight gain,
organ weights, or in humoral immunity during treat-
ment even though cadmium had accumulated in signif-
icant quantities in the tissues. Compared with controls,
exposure to cadmium had no statistically significant
effect on mortality and mean survival time following
primary or secondary challenge with any of the infec-
tious agents. However, there was a dose-related, in-
creased susceptibility to Herpes simplex type 2 virus.
T- and B-lymphocyte proliferation was significantly re-
duced, and macrophage phagocytosis was significant-
ly increased following cadmium exposure. NK cell ac-
tivity was augmented, but not significantly. Macro-
phage bactericidal activity and DTH were not signifi-
cantly altered. (Copyright (c) 1985 Academic Press,
Inc.)
Keywords: "Toxicity. "Cadmium, "Toxic substances,
"Immunity, "Immune system, Herpes simpley, Labora-
tory animals, Exposure, Mortality, Body weight. Dis-
ease susceptibility, Antibody formation, Phagocytosis,
Natural killer cells, Lymphocytes, Tissue distnbution.
1150 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB89-105498	Not available NTIS
Estimation of Personal Exposures to Air Pollut-
ants for a Community-Based Study of Health Ef-
fects in Asthmatics: Design and Results of Air
Monitoring. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
T. H. Stock, D. J. Kotchmar, C. F. Contant, P. A.
Buffler, and A. H. Holguin. C1985,10p EPA/600/J-85/
531
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v35
n12 pi 266-1273 Dec 85. Prepared in cooperation with
Texas Univ. Health Science Center at Houston. School
of Public Health.
In order to provide reliable pollutant and meteorologi-
cal exposure estimates for an epidemiological study of
asthmatics residing in two Houston neighborhoods, a
dedicated three-tier air monitoring system was estab-
lished. This consisted of fixed site ambient air monitor-
ing at the center of each study area, a mobile van per-
forming simultaneous indoor and outdoor measure-
ments at selected residences of study participants,
and a limited amount of direct personal monitoring.
Monitored pollutants included all criteria pollutant
gases, as well as aeroallergens, aldehydes, TSP, and
IP. Laboratory analyses provided concentrations of
sulfate, nitrate, and trace elements. The monitoring
scheme allowed important pollutant concentration dif-
ferences to be detected between day and night, be-
tween indoors and outdoors, and among various
indoor environments. (Copyright (c) Air Pollution Con-
trol Association 1985.)
Keywords: "Indoor air pollution, "Asthma, Monitoring,
Design criteria, National Ambient Air Quality Stand-
ards, Risk assessment, Epidemiology, Criteria pollut-
ants, Personal exposures, Health effects. Community
studies.
PB89-105506/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Alterations in Macrophage Functions by Environ-
mental Chemicals (Journal Version). Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Inhalation Toxicology Div.
D. E. Gardner. 1984,18p EPA/600/J-84/413
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v55 p343-
3581984.
The theme of the review will be to discuss those envi-
ronmental assaults that impair alveolar macrophage
activities. The paper is not intended to completely
review all available data on every chemical tested nor
will it provide dose-response data. Instead, it is an at-
tempt to provide the reader with a selective, but repre-
sentative, overview of major advances in the field. An
extensive bibliography is included which will guide the
reader to additional information on the subject. The ob-
jective of the review is to assess the current approach-
es and techniques for studying the effects of environ-
mental chemicals on alveolar macrophages by illus-
trating the effects and chemical compounds that have
been studied and relating the observed changes to the
potential health risk of the host.
Keywords: "Macrophages, "Pulmonary alveoli,
"Health effects, "Immunity, "Environmental pollutants,
Reviews, Cell survival. Bacterial diseases, Phagocyto-
sis, Virus diseases, Cytology, Enzymes, Biochemistry,
Laboratory animals, Humans, Reprints.
PBB9-105514	Not available NTIS
Effects of Chlorine Dioxide on Thyroid Function
in the African Green Monkey and the Rat (Journal
Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
R. M. Harrington, H. G. Shertzer, and J. P. Bercz.
C1986,10p EPA/600/J-86/479
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health,
v19 n2 p235-242 Oct 86. See also PB85-249811. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Cincinnati Univ. Medical
Center, OH. Dept. of Environmental Health.
In a previous study from the laboratory, chlorine diox-
ide (CI02) treated drinking water depressed thyroxine
(T4) levels in the African Green monkey. The present
study again demonstrated a decrease in T4 levels in
the same species after 4 weeks of oral exposure. How-
ever, after 8 weeks of treatment T4 levels rebounded
to above pretreatment levels coinciding with an in-
crease in thyroid radioiodide uptake. The T4 rebound
phenomenon and increased iodide uptake may be due
to a compensatory endocrinological mechanism. In
rats, T4 levels dropped during the 8 week CI02 treat-
ment period in a dose-dependent manner, and no re-
bound effect was observed. Iodide uptake values in
the rat were not affected. It appears that CI02 may
have an effect on thyroid parameters in both species.
Keywords: "Thyroid and antithyroid agents, "Chlorine
oxides, "Water treatment chemicals, Hormone antago-
nists, Laboratory animals, Monkeys, Rats, Depression,
Resilience, Isotopic labeling, Endocrinology, Iodine
isotopes, Reprints.
PB89-105522	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianala
Park, NC.
Sister Chromatid Exchange Analysis in Lung and
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of Mice Exposed
to Methyl Isocyanate by Inhalation (Journal Ver-
sion). Journal article,
Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
A. D. Kligerman, J. A. Campbell, G. L. Erexson, J. W.
Allen, and M. D. Shelby. C1987,10p EPA/600/J-87/
406
Contract EPA-68-02-4031
Pub. in Environmental Mutagenesis v9 p29-36 1987
Prepared in cooperation with National Inst, of Environ-
mental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Sponsored by Health Effects Researcn Lab., Re^
search Triangle Park, NC.
Mice were exposed to 1,3, or 6 ppm methyl isocyanate
(MIC) for 6 h/day for 4 consecutive days. Lung cells
and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) were re-
moved and cultured for analysis of sister chromatid ex-
change (SCE) and cell cycle kinetics. MIC caused a
small but significant increase in SCE frequency of cul-
tured lung cells from mice exposed to 1, 3, or 6 ppm
MIC. MIC did not significantly increase SCE levels in
PBLs of mice exposed to concentrations as high as 6
ppm. In cultured PBLs, MIC had a stimulatory effect on
cell cycling rates as measured by the replicative index,
and it caused a significant reduction in mononuclear
leucocyte counts and the mitotic indices. (Copyright fel
1987 Alan R. Liss, Inc.)	* '
Keywords: "Toxic substances, "Isocyanates, "Cytoge-
netics, "Toxicity, Sister chromatid exchange, Inhala-
tion, Laboratory animals, Nitrogen organic com-
pounds, Lung, Lymphocytes, Mitosis, Mononuclear
leukocytes, Reprints, "Methyl isocyanate, Isocyanato
methane.
PB89-105530/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Methoxychlor Affects the Decidual Ceo Response
of the Uterus but Not Other Progestational Param-
eters In Female Rats (Journal Version). Journal ar-
ticle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.	w
A. M. Cummings, and L. E. Gray. 1987,10p EPA/600/
J-87/407
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. vflO
P330-336 1987.
The pesticide methoxychlor (MXC) is a proestrogen
which is metabolized to a compound that has been
shown to exhibit estrogenic activity in vivo and in vitro
Following long-term exposure of female rata to MXC*
fertility is reduced and fetotoxicity is evident However'
the effects of MXC on several aspects of maternal re^
productive physiology including the decidual cell re-
sponse (DCR), ovanan weight, serum progesterone
levels, and corpora lutea maintenance, have not been
previously described. In the present study, the ability of
MXC to interfere with progestational events essential
for implantation and the maintenance of pregnancy in
the rat was investigated. MXC was administered to
pseudopregnant rats, decidualization was induced on
day 4, and the DCR and related parameters were eval-
uated following sacrifice on day 9. DCR induction
during estrone adminstration served as a positive con-
Keywords: "Hydrocarbons, "Cells(Biology), "Rats In-
secticides, Uterus, Chlorohydrocarbona
Reproduction(Blology), Dosage, Pregnancy
sponses, Fertility, Chlorine aliphatic compounds, Evaw
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB89-105548	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effect of Flavanone on Mixed-Function Oxidase
and Conjugation Reactions In Rats (Journal Ver-
sion). Journal article,
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN.
B. A. Trela, and G. P. Carlson, cl 987,7p EPA/600/J-
87/408
Pub. in Xenobiotica, v17 n1 p11-16 1987. Sponsored
by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Flavanone administered to female Fischer 344 rats at
doses up to 1.00 mmol/kg/day for seven days did not
induce ethylmorphine demethylation, aniline hydroxy-
lation, hexobarbital oxidation or aldrin epoxidation.
Flavanone administered at a dose of 0.05 mmol/kg/
day for seven days increased glutathione-S-transfer-
ase activity with 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene and 1,2-
epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane as substrates, and
increased the glucuronidation of 1-naphthol and at
0.20 mmol/kg the glucuronidation of chloramphenicol.
Flavanone administration did not alter sulfotransferase
activity with 2-naphthol as the substrate, or enhance
glutathione-S-transferase or glucuronyltransferase ac-
tivity when added in vitro.
Keywords: "Xenobiotics, 'Enzyme induction, 'Mixed
function oxidases, 'Glutathime trasferases, Glucuron-
yltransferase, Liver, Laboratory animals, Oxygen het-
erocyclic compounds, Toxicity, Reprints, 'Flavanone.
PB89-105555/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Dibutyl Phthalate: Maternal Effects versus Feto-
toxicity (Journal Version), Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park. NC.
A. M. Cummings, and L. E. Gray. 1987,10p EPA/600/
J-87/409
Pub. in Toxicology Letters, v39 p43-501987.
Dibutyl phthalate, a plasticizer, is a teratogen in mice
and rabbits but produces fetal loss in the rat. Long-
term dosing studies indicating reduced fertility in the
rat suggested a maternal effect of the compound. The
decidual cell response (DCR) and pregnant rats were
used to examine whether DBP affects maternal physi-
ological parameters independent of the compound's
fetotoxic effect. DBP has no effect on the DCR, preg-
nant uterine weight, number of implantation sites,
ovarian weight, or serum progesterone concentration
during early pregnancy or pseudopregnancy. These
data show that short term dosing with DBP has no
direct maternal effect in the rat and suggest that the vi-
ability of preimplantation embryos is not compromised.
Keywords: 'Ovum implantation, 'Phthalates, 'Toxic
substances, 'Toxicity, Decidua, Pregnancy, Laborato-
ry animals, Uterus, Organ weight, Teratogens, Ovary,
Females, Progesterone, Repnnts, 'Dibutyl phthalate,
Phthalic acid/dibutyl ester.
PBM-106563	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Central Adrenergic Receptor Changes In the In-
herited Noradrenergic Hyperlnnervated Mutant
Mouse Tottering (Journal Version). Journal article,
Medical Coll. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
P. Levitt, C. Lau, A. Pylypiw, and L. L. Ross. c1987,6p
EPA/600/ J-87/410
Contracts EPA-68-02-4032, EPA-68-02-4450
Pub. in Brain Research, v418 p174-177 1987. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Adrenergic receptor binding characteristics were ana-
lyzed in the mutant mouse tottering (tg/tg), a single
gene locus autosomal recessive mutation causing ny-
perinnervation by locus coeuruleus neurons of their
target regions, which results in epilepsy. Instead of the
expected down-regulation of receptors due to the hy-
perinnervation, both 3H-prazosin (alpha 1-receptor)
and 1251-todopindolol (beta-receptor) binding were
normal in the tg/tg hippocampus, spinal cord and
slightly increased in the cerebellum. The lack of post-
synaptic receptor modulation in the target cells, com-
bined with increased levels of norepinephrine due to
the aberrant axon growth, may be critical factors in the
expression of the abnormal spike-wave absence sei-
zures in the tg/tg mouse. (Copyright (c) 1987 Elsevier
Science Publishers B.V.)
Keywords: 'Brain, 'Adrenergic receptors, 'Epilepsy,
'Locus coeruleus, Neurons, Petit mal epilepsy, Labo-
ratory animals. Norepinephrine, Alpha adrenergic re-
ceptors, Beta adrenergic receptors, Spinal cord,
Hippocampus, Cerebellum, Reprints, 'Tottering mice,
Neurologic mutants.
PB89-105571	Not available NTIS
Possible Role of the Brainstem in the Mediation of
Prepulea Inhibition in the Rat (Journal Version).
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
K. Saitoh, H. A. Tilson, S. Shaw, and R. S. Dyer. C1987,
8p EPA/600/J-87/411
Pub. in Neuroscience Letters, v75 p216-222 1987.
Prepared in cooperation with National Inst, of Environ-
mental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Bilateral stimulation of electrodes aimed at the cunei-
form nucleus produced significant inhibition of the star-
tle response produced by presentation of an 8 KHz,
110 dB tone. Stimulation of electrodes aimed at the
deep mesencephalic nucleus also reduced the magni-
tude of the startle response, but the effect was less
than that following stimulation sites near the cuneiform
nucleus. Histological reconstruction of the electrode
tip locations revealed a significant negative correlation
between the maximum magnitude reduction of the
acoustic startle response following an electrical pre-
pulse stimulus and the distance from the cuneiform nu-
cleus. Histological examination also indicated that
some electrodes aimed at the cuneiform nucleus were
located in or near the inferior colliculus or parabrachial
nucleus, all of which are thought to be part of an inhibi-
tory circuit parallel to the acoustic startle reflex arc.
These experiments support the view that the prepulse
inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex originates in the
brainstem. (Copyright (c) 1987 Elsevier Scientific Pub-
lishers Ireland Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Brain stem, 'Startle reaction, Acoustic
stimulation, Laboratory animals, Electric stimulation,
Reprints, Cuneiform nucleus, Prepulse inhibition.
PB89-105589	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Central and Sympathoadrenal Responses to in-
sulin In Adult and Neonatal Rats (Journal Ver-
sion). Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc./Environmental Sciences, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
C. Lau, J. V. Bartolome, M. B. Bartolome, and T. A.
Slotkin. C1987,5p EPA/600/J-87/412
Contracts EPA-68-02-4450, EPA-68-02-4032
Pub. in Developmental Brain Research, v36 p277-280
1987. Prepared in cooperation with Duke Univ. Medi-
cal Center, Durham, NC. Dept. of Pharmacology.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
In the mature rat, subcutaneous administration of Insu-
lin (0.02 lU/g body wt.) produced hypoglycemia and a
profound activation of the sympatho-adrenal pathway,
as indicated by a marked depletion of adrenal catecho-
lamines. Cellular glucopenia caused by administration
of 2-deoxyglucose also produced a sympatho-adrenal
response. In contrast, in 2-day-old rats, the systemic
injection of insulin evoked only a small depletion of ca-
techolamines even though severe hypoglycemia was
present, and 2-deoxyglucose also produced a dimin-
ished response. The central administration of insulin at
an equivalent dose (0.02 lU/g brain) stimulated brain
ornithine decarboxylase activity in both neonates and
adults, but was ineffective in evoking hypoglycemia or
adrenal catecholamine relea3e. These results suggest
that: (a) direct interaction of insulin with its receptors in
the central nervous system is not required for activa-
tion of the sympatho-adrenal pathway, and (b) the lack
of sensitivity of neonatal adrenal catecholamine re-
lease to subcutaneous administration of insulin is likely
associated with immaturity of splanchnic neurotrans-
mission rather than with absence of central insulin re-
ceptors or impaired peripheral responsiveness to insu-
lin. (Copyright (c) Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.)
PB89-105597/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Comparison of Maternal and Fetal Toxic Dose Re-
sponses in Mammals (Journal Version). Journal ar-
ticle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. M. Rogers. 1987,12p EPA/600/J-87/413
Pub. in Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutaoen-
esis, v7 p297-306 1987.
The role of maternal toxicity in adverse developmental
outcome and the importance of maternal toxicity as a
factor in developmental risk assessment have re-
ceived increasing attention in recent literature. The
paper reviews these concepts and some of the experi-
mental approaches that have been used to assess
their importance. The often non-parallel nature of ma-
ternal and fetal toxic dose response curves make spe-
cific comparisons of maternal and fetal toxic doses
quite difficult. The use of specific ratios of maternal to
fetal toxic doses, such as the A/D ratio and the Rela-
tive Teratogenic Index is discussed, including some of
the difficulties encountered in assigning such ratios,
and a compilation of A/D ratios for compounds for
which the ratio could be estimated in more than one
mammalian species is included. Results of studies on
the fungicide dinocap, for which the A/D ratio does not
seem to be consistent across species, are briefly re-
viewed.
Keywords: Toxic substances, 'Toxicology, 'Fungi-
cides, 'Teratology, Dosage, Fetus, Reviews. Pregnan-
cy, Laboratory animals, Toxicity, Mammals, Species
specificity, Reprints, 'Dinocap, Maternal toxicity, Bu-
tenoic acid/isooctyl-dinitrophenyl ester, Risk assess-
ment.
PB89-105605/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Differential Effects of Caffeine, Plcrotoxln, and
Pentylenetetrazol on Hippocampal Afterdischarge
Activity and Wet Dog Shake* (Journal Version).
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. J. Burdette, and R. S. Dyer. 1987,15p EPA/600/J-
87/414
Pub. in Experimental Neurology, v96 p38l-3921987.
The present experiment was conducted to identify
changes in hippocampal after discharge (AD) param-
eters following administration of subconvulsant dos-
ages (half of the convulsant dosage) of analeptics with
known pharmacological action. Long Evans rats
(N=104) with chronic bipolar electrodes implanted in
the dorsal hippocampus were injected with saline (0
mg/kg), caffeine (75 mg/kg), picrotoxin (2 mg/kg) or
pentylenetetrazol (20 mg/kg) 15 minutes before test-
ing. A differential effect of caffeine administration was
observed in the dramatic prolongation of the rebound
AD, without an accompanying change noted in the du-
ration of the primary AD. Because caffeine blocks
adenosine receptors at physiological concentrations,
adenosine action is implicated in the termination of the
second, but not the first, spike train. Picrotoxin and
pentylenetetrazol had no influence on EEG param-
eters. A decrease in wet dog shake frequency, was as-
sociated with picrotoxin. The results suggest that
GABA is involved minimally, if at all, in the hippocam-
pal AD sequence.
Keywords: 'Analeptics, 'Caffeine, 'Picrotoxin, *Pen-
tenetetrazol, 'Hippocampus, 'Neurobiology, Elec-
troencephalography, Laboratory animals, Body tem-
perature, Reprints.
PB89-106613/HSU
PC A02/MF A01
Keywords: 'Insulin, 'Catecholamines, 'Adrenal
glands, 'Central nervous system, Hypoglycemia, Lab-
oratory animals, Secretion, Newborn animals, Sympa-
thetic nervous system, Ornithine decarboxylase,
Aging, Insulin receptors, Reprints, 'Sympatho-adrenal
development.
Ozone Exposure Increases Respiratory Epithelial
Permeability in Humans (Journal Version). Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
H. R. Kehrl, L. M. Vincent, R. J. Kowalsky, D. H.
Horstman, and J. J. O'Neil. 1987,7p EPA/600/J-87/
398
Pub. in American Review of Respiratory Diseases,
v135p1124-1128 1987.
After both air and ozone exposures, the permeability of
the respiratory epithelium was assessed by measuring
the pulmonary clearance rate of inhaled aerosolized
99mTc-labeled diethylene triamine pentacetic acid
(99mTc-DTPA). Following ozone exposures sufficient
to induce decrements in mechanical lung function,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
seven of eight young men showed increased epithelial
permeability.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, "Ozone, "Toxic substances,
"Health effects, Technetium isotopes, DTPA, Expo-
sure, Exertion, Respiratory function tests, Lung, Epi-
thelium, Permeability, Reprints, Pentacetic acid/dieth-
ylene triamine.
PB89-105621/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Regulation of Adrenal Chromaffin Cell Develop-
ment by the Central Monoaminergic System: Dif-
ferential Control of Norepinephrine and Epineph-
rine Levels and Secretory Responses (Journal
Version). Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc./Environmsntal Sciences, Re-
search triangle Park, NC.
C. Lau, L. L. Ross, W. L. Whitmore, and T. A. Slotkin.
C1987,11D EPA/600/ J-87/399
Contract EPA-68-02-4032
Pub. in Neuroscience, v22 n3 p1067-1075 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Medical Coll. of Pennsylva-
nia, Philadelphia, and Duke Univ. Medical Center,
Durham, NC. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
In the mature rat, reflex sympathetic stimulation by in-
sulin-induced hypoglycemia resulted in profound de-
pletion of adrenal epinephrine, and to a lesser extent,
Norepinephrine. In the developing rat, insulin evoked
little or no secretory response from the adrenals prior
to 1 week of age. By 7 days, a moderate depletion of
epinephrine was seen and the magnitude of the re-
sponse increased with age. In contrast, during the first
3 weeks of postnatal life, insulin failed to deplete nore-
pinephrine from the adrenal medulla and in fact, pro-
duced an increase. The results suggest that the ontog-
eny of the two chromaffin cell types (norepinephrine
and epinephrine-containing) in the adrenals and the
maturation of their secretory responses are under dif-
ferential regulation. Because descending supraspinal
catecholaminergic and serotonergic systems have
been implicated to play key roles in regulating adreno-
medullary function, the ontogeny of the sympatho-
adrenomedullary axis was evaluated after neonatal
central lesioning with 6-hydroxydopamine or 5,7-dihy-
droxytryptamine. The results suggest that central mon-
oaminergic neurons impose botn inhibitory and facilita-
tory influences on the maturation of specific chromaf-
fin cell types in the adrenal medulla and that supra-
spinal catecholaminergic inputs may play a role in de-
termining the set-point for reflex adrenomedullary re-
sponses. (Copyright (c) 1987IBRO.)
Keywords: "Neuroregulators, 'Epinephrine, "Noreph-
nne, Adrenal medulla, "Chromaffin system, Laborato-
ry animals, Insulin, Hypoglycemia, Secretion, Fetal de-
velopment, Adult, Newborn, Development, Reprints.
5B8.?;10"39/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
r flrK, NO.
Similarities between Protein Ilia and Protein lllb,
Two Prominent Synaptic Vesicle-Associated
Phosphoproteins (Journal Version). Journal article,
Rockefeller Univ., New York.
M. D. Browning, C. K. Huang, and P. Greengard
C1987, 9p EPA/600/J-87/397
Grant EPA-R-810608
Pub. in the Jnl. of Neuroscience, v7 n3 p847-853 Mar
87. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Protein Ilia (Mr 74,000) and protein lllb (Mr 55,000) are
two major phosphoproteins found in mammalian brain.
It was previously shown in Intact nerve cells that the
phosphorylation state of these two proteins could be
increased by electrical stimulation, by depolarizing
agents in the presence of calcium, and by 8-bromo-
cAMP. The authors now report that protein Ilia and
protein lllb possess significant structural homology as
indicated by immunochemical studies using polyclonal
and monoclonal antibodies and by peptide mapping
studies. A quantitative radioimmunoassay using im-
munolabeling in SDS-polyacrylamide gels has been
used to study the tissue distribution and regional and
subcellular distribution in the brain of the two proteins.
The two proteins were found only in nervous tissue
and the adrenal medulla. Within the central nervous
system, both proteins exhibited a distribution that par-
allels the relative density of nerve terminals. Subcellu-
lar fractionation studies indicated that both proteins
are associated with synaptic vesicles. (Copyright (c)
1987 Society for Neuroscience.)
Keywords: "Phosphoproteins, "Synaptic vesicles,
"Nerve tissue proteins, "Brain, Laboratory animals,
Adrenal medulla, Peptide mapping, Tissue distribution,
Cerebral cortex, Central nervous system, Reprints.
PB89-105647/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of d-Amphetamine on Behavioral and Au-
tonomic Thermoregulation in Mice (Journal Ver-
sion). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park NC
P. J. Bushnell, and C. J. Gordon. 1987,7p EPA/600/J-
87/400
Pub. in Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, v27
p431-435 1987.
d-Amphetamine has well-known behavioral and sym-
pathomimetic effects in rodents, but its effects on ther-
moregulation are not well characterized. d-Ampheta-
mine was administered i.p. to mice at doses of 0.1 to
10.0 mg/kg. Locomotor activity and preferred ambient
temperature (Ta) were measured for 60 min after injec-
tion in a linear temperature gradient, and metabolic
rate (MR) and evaporative water loss (EWL) were
measured in a metabolic chamber at ambient tempera-
tures of either 20 deg C or 30 deg C. Colonic tempera-
tures (Tc) were obtained 60 min after injection in all
cases. Doses of d-amphetamine at 0.3 mg/kq and
above reduced preferred Ta from the control value of
30 deg C to about 25 deg C. The behavioral and auto-
nomic heat loss responses induced in mice by d-am-
phetamine suggest that its thermogenic action is de-
tected by the animal at doses below those producing
measurable thermogenesis and that appropriate effec-
tors, from selection of a cool Ta to increasing EWL, are
engaged in an orderly progression to maintain nor-
mothermia under all but the most challenging condi-
tions.
Keywords: "Dextroamphetamine, "Amphetamines,
"Body temperature regulation, "Animal behavior, Lo-
comotion, Temperature, Insisible water loss, Metabo-
lism, Mice, Reprints.
PB89-10S654/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Changes in Lung ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
Concentration In the Rat After Low-Level Phos-
gene Exposure (Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
W. D. Currie, G. E. Hatch, and M. F. Frosolono. C1987,
12p EPA/600/J-87/404
Pub. in Jnl. of Biochem. Toxicol., v2 p105-114 1987.
Prepared in cooperation with Duke Univ. Medical
Center, Durham, NC., and Burroughs Wellcome Co.,
Research Triangle Part*, NC.
Rats were exposed to phosgene for 4 hrs at concen-
trations of 0.05 to 1.0 ppm. Lung wet and dry wt and
ATP concentration were measured immediately after
exposure and for 3 days post-exposure. The accumu-
lation of lavage fluid protein (LFP) was also measured
as an index of damage or edema due to phosgene.
Lung wt (wet and dry) was significantly elevated one
day post-exposure to 0.5 ppm phosgene while LFP
was elevated at a lower concentration. The ATP de-
crease was found to be phosgene concentration-de-
pendent and remained decreased for 3 days post-ex-
posure to 1.0 ppm. Time course studies at these doses
of phosgene snowed that decreased ATP concentra-
tion preceded the onset of edema or increase in lung
weight. The ATP values expressed on a per lung basis
showed that ATP levels were significantly lowered im-
mediately following phosgene exposure, suggesting
that the ATP changes were not the result of edema.
(Copyright (c) 1987 VCH Publishers, Inc.)
Keywords: "Phosgene, "Toxic substances, "Toxicity,
Lung, Adenosine triphosphate, Laboratory animals,
Pulmonary edema, Exposure, Dose-response relation-
ships, Inhalation, Reprints.
PB89-105662/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pyrethroid Insecticides and the gamma-Aminobu-
tyric Acid (Alpha) Receptor Complex: Motor Activ-
ity and the Acoustic Startle Response In the Rat
(Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
K. M. Crofton, and L. W. Reiter. C1987,12p EPA/600/
J-87/405
Pub. in the Jnl. of Pharmacology and Experimental
Therapeutics, v243 n3 p946-9541987. Prepared in co-
operation with North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
Two behavioral tests, locomotor activity and the
acoustic startle response (ASR), were utilized to test
for dose-addition of cismethrin, a Type I, or deltameth-
rin, a Type II pyrethroid, with compounds active to the
aamma-aminobutryic acid (GABA) receptor complex
(picrotoxin, muscimol, and chlordiazepoxide). All com-
pounds produced dosage-dependent decreases in lo-
comotor activity. Muscimol and picrotoxin decreased
ASR amplitude, increased ASR latency and decreased
ASR sensitization. Results from the interaction studies
indicate dose-addition of picrotoxin and deltamethrin
on locomotor activity and the ASR. These data
produce further evidence for the differences between
the in vivo effects of Type I and Type II pyrethroids,
and suggest that the in vivo effects of the Type II ayr'.
ethroid deltamethrin may be due in part to interaction
with the picrotoxinin binding site of the GABA receptor-
ionophore complex. In addition, these results are con-
sistent with reported differential effects of the two
classes of pyrethroids on the GABA receptor comDlex.
(Copyright (c) 1987 by the American Society for Phar-
macology and Experimental Therapeutics.)
Keywords: "Pyrethrins, "Startle reaction, "Motor activi-
ty, "GABA receptors, "Insecticides, Laboratory ani-
mals, Central nervous system, Drug interactions, Pi-
crotoxin, Muscimol, Chlordiazepoxide, Reprints, "Cis-
methrin, "Deltamethrin.
PB89-105670/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Induction of Prophage Lambda by Chlorinated
Pesticides (Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.	*
V. S. Houk, and D. M. DeMarini. 1987,12p EPA/600/J-
87/403
Pub. in Mutation Research, v182 p193-201 1987.
In an effort to identify a short-term assay sensitive to
chlorinated carcinogens, a group of chlorinated pesti-
cides were tested, most of which are carcinogenic in
rodents, in a prophage-induction assay. The pesticides
tested were malathion, monuron, p,p'-DDT, mirex, lin-
dane, nitrofen, chlordane, toxaphene, captan, and
dichlorvos. All but the first 4 induced prophage. The re-
maining pesticides were ranked as follows according
to induction potency in the presence of S9: captan >
dichlorvos > toxaphene > lindane > nitrofen >
chlordane. Rankings were similar in the absence of S9.
Of these 6 pesticides, only nitrofen required S9 to
induce prophage. Comparisons with mutagenesis data
in Salmonella indicated that the assay detected as
genotoxic each of the pesticides that were mutagenic
in Salmonella; moreover, it detected 2 additional car-
cinogens (chlordane and lindane) that were not muta-
genic in the Salmonella assay.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Carcinogens, "Bioassay
Tests, Toxicology, Chlorohydrocarbons, Mutagens'
Risk assessment, Screening methods, Phages, Geno^
toxicity.
PB89-105688/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Selective Immunotoxlc Effects In Mice Treated
with the Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitor 2-Deoxv-
coformycln (Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triartola
Park, NC.	^
R. W. Luebke, L. D. Lawson, R. R. Rogers, M. M.
Riddle, and D. G. Rowe. C1987,12p EP A/600/J-87/
395
Pub. in Immunopharmacology, v13 p25-35 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Mice given the adenosine deaminase inhibitor 2-deox-
ycoformycin, for five days were evaluated 24 h 72 h
and 6 days after the final dose. Spleen weight was da-
creased for up to 6 days after treatment. Trie number
and relative percentage of circulating lymphocytes
were decreased 24 and 72 h after the last injection
Lymphoproliferative responses to T cell mitogens were
suppressed for at least 72 h post-treatment, whereas
the mixed lymphocyte response was normal at 24 h
but was depressed at 72 h post-treatment Natural
killer (NK) cell activity was greater in treated mice than
in controls for the entire observation period The anti>
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
body responses of mice, treated with 2 or 4 microgram
2dCF/a over four days prior to or after immunization
with sneep erythrocytes, were suppressed or en-
hanced, respectively, compared to controls. The re-
sults indicate selective effects of 2dCF on immune
function and suggest that subpopulatlons of lympho-
cytes differ in the degree of sensitivity to 2dCF.
Keywords: 'Immunity, 'Toxicity, 'Toxic substances,
'Adenosine deaminase, 'Natural killer cells, Spleen,
Immunosuppression, Laboratory animals, Deoxyribon-
ucleosides, Nucleosides, Body weight, Reprints,
•Deoxycoformycin, CAS 53910-25-1.
PB89-105746/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Review of the Scientific Bases of Proposed Rules
for Surface Water Treatment and Conforms. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
9 Mar 88,27p SAB/EHC-88/021
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The EPA Drinking Water Subcommittee completed its
review of scientific information supporting EPA's ef-
forts to develop rules for filtration (surface and surface
water treatment) and conforms. The Subcommittee
made the following recommendations to the Agency:
using total conforms as the primary standard is reason-
able; EPA should be more specific regarding the disin-
fection requirements to be used following filtration; a
guidance document should be developed to accompa-
ny the proposed surface water treatment rule that
would stress raising the concentration of chlorine to
meet the need for contact time; and, additional re-
search is needed, such as that dealing with treatment
techniques for legionellosis.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Coliform bacteria, Reg-
ulations, Drinking water, Filtration, Surface water, Envi-
ronmental health committee, Legionellosis.
PB89-105845/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Polychlorl-
nated Blphenyls(PCBs). 1987 Review of the Draft
Final. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
9 Mar 88,12p SAB/EHC-88/019
See also PB86-118312.
The Halogenated Organics Subcommittee of the Sci-
ence Advisory Board s Environmental Health Commit-
tee completed its independent scientific review of the
Draft Drinking Water Criteria Document for Polychlori-
nated Biphenyls (PCBs). The review was conducted in
Washington, b.C. November 19-20, 1987. The major
recommendation of the Subcommittee was that the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency explore wheth-
er the available data on PCB congeners can be devel-
oped on a scale of toxicity similar to the toxicity equiva-
lency factor that the Agency had already prepared for
dioxins. The efforts could potentially yield some scien-
tifically interesting insights relating to uncertainties in
the P&B data base even if it represents only an ap-
proximation in which data analysis and scientific judge-
ment are combined. In general the Subcommittee con-
cluded that the document suffers from a failure to
clearly identify its scientific objectives.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Toxicology, Reviews, Ex-
posure, Toxicity, Contaminants, Metabolism, Chlorine
organic compounds, Water pollution, Public health,
Laboratory animals, Risk, Carcinogens, Mutagens,
•Drinking water, 'Water quality criteria, 'Environmen-
tal health, 'Water pollution effects(Humans), 'Water
pollution effects(Anlmals), * Polychlorl nated biphenyls,
Biphenyl/Polychloro, Path of pollutants.
PB8S-10S852/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Developmental Toxicity of Dinocap in the Mouse
Is not Due to Two Isomers of the Major Active In-
gredients (Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J M. Rogers, L. E. Gray, B. D. Carver, and R. J.
KavlOCk. 1987,8p EPA/600/J-87/415
Pub. In Teratogenesls, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagen-
esis, v7 p341-3461987.
The developmental toxicities of 2,4-dinitro-6-(1-
methylheptyi)phenyl crotonate and 2,6-dlnltro-4-(1-
methylheptyf)phenyl crotonate, model isomers of the
major active ingredients of technical dinocap, were
compared to the known teratogenicity of the technical
compound. Individual isomers, both isomers com-
bined, or technical dinocap were administered to preg-
nant mice on days 7-16 of gestation. Similar to previ-
ous studies, technical grade dinocap caused cleft
palate and weight deficits in fetuses at term and in-
creased neonatal mortality and abnormal swimming
behavior, torticollis, and deficient otolith formation in
surviving pups. Neither of the purified isomers exhibit-
ed any developmental toxicity when administered
under identical conditions. Thus, it is concluded that
these isomers are not the active teratogenic
component(s) in technical grade dinocap.
Keywords: 'Toxic substances, 'Fungicides, 'Terato-
gens, Fetus, Isomers, Laboratory animals, Nitrogen or-
ganic compounds, Prenatal exposure delayed effects,
Pregnancy, Cleft palate, Fetal viability, Body weight,
Otoliths, Reprints, 'Dinocap, Butenoic acid/methy-
heptyl-dinitrophenyl ester.
PB89-105860	Not available NTIS
Pyrethrold Effects on Schedule-Controlled Behav-
ior. Time and Dosage Relationships (Journal Ver-
sion). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D. B. Peele, and K. M. Crofton. C1987,9p EPA/600/J-
87/421
Pub. in Neurotoxicology and Teratology, v9 p387-394
1987. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services,
Inc./Environmental Sciences, Research Triangle Park,
NC.
Pyrethroid insecticides have been divided into Types I
and II based on behavioral profiles of toxicity produced
by life-threatening dosages. In order to assess poten-
tial alterations in acquired (operant) behavior, acute
dosage-effect and time-course determinations for per-
methrin (Type I) and cypermethrin (Type II) were
made. Long-Evans rats responded for food according
to a multiple schedule consisting of four different vari-
able-interval schedules. Permetnrin (100-400 mg/kg)
and cypermethrin (7.5-60 mg/kg) were administered
po 1.5 hrs pre-session and tneir effects on response
rates and between-component response patterning
determined. Differential effects on response pattern-
ing, in potency, and in the time course of effects of per-
methrin and cypermethrin suggest a type-specificity for
pyrethroid effects on schedule-controlled behavior at
dosages far below those producing lethality in rats.
(Copyright (c) Pergamon Journals Ltd., 1987.)
Keywords: "Insecticides, 'Pyrethrins, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Toxicity, Animal behavior, Laboratory ani-
mals, Chlorine organic compounds, Operant condition-
ing, Dose-response relationships, Reprints, 'Permeth-
rin, 'Cypermethrin.
PB89-106878	Not available NTIS
Heterogeneity of Human Natural Killer (NK) Cells:
Enrichment of NK by Negative-Selection with the
Lectin from 'Erythrlna crtstagalll' (Journal Ver-
sion). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tnangle
Park, NC.
D. T. Harris, J. L. Iglestas, S. Argov, J. Toomey, and H.
S. Koren. C1987,9p EPA/600/J-87/431
Pub. in Jnl. of Leukocyte Biology, v42 p163-170 1987.
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill, Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC.,
and Ben-Gurion Univ. of the Negev, Beersheba
(Israel).
A novel technique for the Isolation and enrichment of
human natural Killer (NIC cells from peripheral blood
mononuclear cells (MNC) is described. Negative se-
lection of MNC with the lectin from Erythrina crlstagaili
(ECA), whether by panning or agglutination in solution,
resulted in a population of lymphocytes (5-20% of
original MNC) highly enriched in cells exhibiting NK
function. The enrichment was evident by a significant
increase (range of 3-50-fold) in cells with large granu-
lar lymphocyte (LQL) morphology, K562 tumor-binding
cells, cytotoxic activity, and cells expressing NK phen-
otypic markers (Leu 11+, OKM1+). Analysis of the
cytolytic specificity of the ceils demonstrated that the
[ytic spectrum was typical of endogenous NK. The ef-
fector cells were responsive to augmentation of cyto-
oxfc potential by lymphokines (IL-2, iFN-alpha, and
iFN-jjamma) and capable of antibody-dependent cell-
mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). ECA-negative (ECA(-))
cells were equivalent to NK isolated by Percoll gradi-
ent fractionation. NK heterogeneity was demonstrated
by the observation of a small percentage (1-5% of
MNC) of NK in the ECA(+) population. (Copyright (c)
1987 Alan R.Liss, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Immunology, 'Lectins, 'Natural killer
cells, 'Antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity, Humans,
Lymphokines, Isolation, Lymphocytes, Reprints, Eryth-
rina cristagalli.
PB89-105886	Not available NTIS
Growth Inhibition of 'Cryptococcue neoformans'
by Human Alveolar Macrophages (Journal Ver-
sion). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
P. B. Weinberg, S. Becker, D. L. Granger, and H. S.
Koren. C1987,7p EPA/600/J-87/430
Pub. in American Review of Respiratory Diseases,
v136 p1242-1247 1987. Prepared in cooperation with
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill, and Environmental
Monitoring and Services, Inc., Chapel Hill, NC.
Macrophage cytotoxicity for Cryptococcus neofor-
mans was investigated by culturing human alveolar
macrophage (AM) with a thin-capsuled clone of C.
neoformans. Under appropriate conditions, fungal rep-
lication was inhibited in the presence of human AM.
The effect persisted over the 48-h time course that
was evaluated. Human AM did not require endotoxin,
fetal calf serum, or specific rabbit anticryptococcal
antibody for fungistasis. Under these conditions, mi-
croscopic evaluation of a cytocentrifuge preparation of
AM-yeast cocultures, stained by a modified Giemsa
technique, revealed all the fungi to be extracellular, in
the presence of 10 percent fresh human serum, AM
phagocytized C. neoformans and exhibited fungicidal
activity. Tumor necrosis factor did not affect the repli-
cation rate of the yeast. These findings suggest that
there may be at least 2 mechanisms by which human
AM protect against C. neoformans. One is serum-inde-
pendent and extracellular and results in fungistasis,
and the other is dependent on a serum factor and
leads to intracellular inhibition of growth and possibly
killing of the organism.
Keywords: 'Crytacoccus neoformans, 'Macrophages,
'Phagocytosis, 'Immunologic cytotoxicity, Blood
serum, Pulmonary alveoli, Humans, Cultured cells,
Immune system, Reprints.
PB89-105894	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) Evidence
for a New Speclea, 'Giardla psittacT (Journal Ver-
sion). Journal article,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Medical School.
S. L. Erlandsen, and W. J. Bemrick. C1987,8p EPA/
600/J-87/391
Pub. in Jnl. of Parasitology, v73 n3 p623-629 Jun 87.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Giardia trophozoites were isolated from the small in-
testine of budgerigars (parakeets) and examined mor-
phologically with light and scanning electron microsco-
py. The presence of a claw-hammer shape median
body suggested classification of these trophozoites as
G. duodenalis. However, unlike any known members
of G. duodenalis, the Giardia trophozoites from budg-
erigars were moiphologically distinct in that they
lacked the ventrolateral flange and therefore did not
have a marginal groove bordering the anterior and lat-
eral border of the adhesive disc. The distinct morphol-
ogy clearly indicated that trophozoites from budgeri-
gars should be considered as a separate species, G.
psittaci. The evidence has demonstrated that median
body shape cannot serve as a sole criterion for specia-
tion of Giardia. In addition, if other avian species of
Giardia also resemble G. psittaci, then this would sug-
gest that evolutionary divergence has occurred in the
genus Giardia. (Copyright (c) American Society of Par-
asitologists 1987.)
Keywords: 'Giardia, Taxonomy, Parakeets, Scanning
electron microscopy, Morphology, Reprints, 'Giardia
psittaci.
PB89-105902	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Distribution, Covalent Binding, and DNA Adduct
Formation of 7,12 -Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene In
SENCAR and BALB/c Mice Following Topical and
Oral Administration (Journal Version). Journal arti-
Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN. School of Pharmacy and
Pharmacal Sciences.
M. A. Morse, W. M. Baird, and G. P. Carlson. C1987,7p
EPA/600/J-87/392
Pub. in Carcinogenesis Cancer Research, v47 p4571-
4575 Sep 87. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The distribution and macromolecular binding of 7,12-
dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) were examined in
SENCAR and Balb/c mice to determine if these fac-
tors could account for the greater susceptibility in initi-
ation-promotion assays following topical application in
comparison to oral administration or the much greater
susceptibility of the SENCAR mouse. Both the amount
of DMBA in skin and the covalent binding of DMBA to
epidermal DNA were greater following topical adminis-
tration indicating that the known differences in efficien-
cy of epidermal tumor formation could be due to differ-
ences in initiation by DMBA. Differences in DMBA dis-
tribution and macromolecular binding between
SENCAR and Balb/c mice did not provide an explana-
tion for the greater sensitivity of SENCAR mice to
DMBA-induced tumorigenesis.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Dimethylbenzanthracene,
•Carcinogens, "Epidermis, Oral administration, Topi-
cal administration, Laboratory animals, Mice, Aromatic
polycyclic hydrocarbons, Tissue distribution, Reprints,
"DNAadducts, 'Tumor initiation.
PB89-105910/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Investigations ol Amltraz Neurotoxicity in Rats. 1.
Effects on Operant Performance (Journal Ver-
sion). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
V. C. Moser, W. K. Boyes, and R. C. MacPhail. 1987,
11p EPA/800/J-87/402
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, v9 pl31-
139 1987. See also PB88-160684.
Amitraz (AMZ), a formamidine pesticide, displayed a
unique spectrum of neurobehavioral effects which dif-
fered from that of the prototypic formamidine, chlordi-
meform (CDM). In male Long-Evans rats, general
signs of intoxication included hypothermia, hyperreac-
tivity, vasodilation, profound weight loss, aggression,
and extreme reactions to handling. These effects re-
quired days to weeks for recovery, and were cumula-
tive with short-term repeated administration. AMZ pro-
duced differential effects on multiple-schedule per-
formance that were distinct from the effects of CDM.
Moreover, the marked signs of intoxication, and ef-
fects on schedule-controlled behavior following high
doses (>50 mg/kg), were persistent and cumulative
on repeated administration.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Rats, Laboratory animals, Re-
prints, "Neurotoxicity, "Amitraz, "Operant perform-
ance.
PB89-105928	Not available NTIS
Control of Energy Absorption Rate In Transmis-
sion Line Radiofrequency Exposure Systems
(Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. S. Ali, and D. J. Elliott. c1987,9p EPA/600/J-87/
418
Pub. in Bioelectromagnetics, v8 pi 65-172 1987. Pre-
pared In cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc./En-
vironmental Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC.
A frequent problem in the radiofrequency (RF) irradia-
tion of experimental animals in health effects studies is
the temporal variation of the specific absorption rate
(SAR) with animal movement. An RF power controller
which regulates the energy absorption rate has been
designed for use with transmission line exposure sys-
tems that utilize the power difference method to moni-
tor the SAR. The controller operates by altering the in-
cident power to the exposure cell in order to compen-
sate for the change in RF energy absorption rate due
to animal motion. A circuit diagram is Pr®f.®"^.as weli
as experimental data under three cond'ttons of expo-
sure. The controller is effective in maintaining the
mean value of energy absorption rate at the setpoint
value even for the case of a highly active animal.
(Copyright (c) 1987 Alan R. Liss, Inc.)
Keywords'. "Radio frequencies, "RF systems, "Biologi-
cal radiation effects, "Animal behavior, Radiofrequen-
cy power, Feedback control, Radiofrequency genera-
tors, Exposure, Movement, Energy absorption, Trans-
mission lines, Test equipment, Laboratory animals,
Reprints.
PB89-105936/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Immunologic Effects of Nonionizing Electromag-
netic Radiation (Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. J. Smialowicz. 1987, 7p EPA/600/J-87/417
Pub. in IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics En-
gineers) Engineering in Medicine and Biology Maga-
zine, p47-51 Mar 87.
Many of the studies in which animals or cells have
been exposed at various frequencies and intensities of
NER radiation have reported inconsistent and tran-
sient changes in the functional integrity of the immune
defense system. Many of the reported immune effects
of NER, however, appear to result from a generalized
stress response which is due to NER-induced heating.
The absence of increases in core temperature follow-
ing NER does not preclude a thermal interaction that
the animal is able to compensate for and control. Con-
clusions of the human health implication of observed
interactions of NER with the Immune system in experi-
mental models must be made most cautiously. There
is presently no convincing evidence from in vitro or in
vivo studies for adverse alterations in the immune
system at NER radiation intensities comparable to av-
erage environmental levels, i.e., 0.01 to 0.1
microwatts/cm2 in the frequency range of 54 to 900
MHz, which encompasses the resonant frequency for
humans.
Keywords: "Biological radiation effects, "Electromag-
netic radiation, "Non-ionizing radiation, "Immune
system, Laboratory animals, Humans, Health effects,
Body temperature, Reprints.
PB89-105944	Not available NTIS
Time-Dependent Neurobiological Effects of Col-
chicine Administered Directly Into the Hippocam-
Rus of Rats (Journal Version). Journal article,
ealth Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC,
H. A. Tilson, B. C. Rogers, L. Grimes, G. J. Harry, and
N. J. Peterson. C1987,11p EPA/600/J-87/419
Pub. in Brain Research, v408 p163-172 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with National Inst, of Environ-
mental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC.,
and North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
Rats were given bilateral injections of colchicine into
the dorsal and ventral hippocampus. Behavioral, neur-
ochemical and histopathological measurements were
taken up to 12 weeks after surgery. Colchicine pro-
duced a consistent increase in spontaneous motor ac-
tivity, enhanced acoustic startle reactivity, and acceler-
ated acquisition of two-way shuttle box avoidance, but
did not affect reactivity to a noxious thermal stimulus.
Measurement of dynorphin in the hippocampus indi-
cated that colchicine rapidly depleted this neuropep-
tide, which is thought to be contained preferentially in
the mossy fibers of granule cells of the hippocampus.
Colchicine also decreased metenkephalin in the
hippocampus, but the magnitude of the change (22%)
was less than that (89% depletion) observed for hippo-
campal dynorphin. Examination of hippocampal mor-
phology using light microscopic techniques indicated
that colchicine caused approximately 60% degenera-
tion of granule cells in the hippocampus. (Copyright (c)
1987 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.)
Keywords: "Neurobiology, "Colchicine, "Hippocam-
pus, "Animal behavior, Avoidance learning, Pathology,
Dynorphin, Methionine enkephalin, Alkaloids, Motor
activity, Startle reaction, Reprints.
PB89-105951/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Allyllsopropylacetamlde Induces Rat Hepatic Or-
nithine Decarboxylase (Journal Version). Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
K. T. Kitchin, and J. L. Brown. 1987,11 p EPA/600/J-
87/422
Pub. in Jnl. of Biochemical Toxicology, v2 p215-223
1987.
Allylisopropylacetamide (AIA) did not cause DNA
damage in rat liver. The porphyrinogens research drug
did strongly induce the activity (25-fold) of rat hepatic
enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). By either the
oral or the subcutaneous route AIA produced a long
lasting induction (30-40 hr) of hepatic ODC activity
Four analogs of AIA, 2-propyl-2-isopropylacetamide
(PIA), allobarbital, allylbenzene and allylacetate were
examined for their ability to induce hepatic ODC. PIA,
allylbenzene and allobarbital were active ODC induc-
ers while allylacetate was not. Although induction of
hepatic ALA synthetase activity and the accumulation
of hepatic porphyrins depends on the allyl moiety of
AIA, this was not the case with hepatic ODC induction.
AIA did not elevate serum alanine aminotransferase
(SGPT), and thus hepatic cell death is not a likely ex-
planation of AlA's long lasting induction of ODC. As
AIA does not belong in any of the common categories
of ODC inducers, it is possible that AIA may be the
chemical prototype of a new class of hepatic ODC in-
ducers.
Keywords: "Allylisopropylacetamide, "Ornithine decar-
boxylase, "Porphyrinogens, Enzyme induction, Liver,
Laboratory animals, Amides, Reprints, Acetamide/al-
lylisopropyl.
PB89-106969	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.	*
High Resolution G-Banded Chromosomes of the
Mouse. Journal article,
Florida Inst, of Tech., Melbourne.
J. R. Sawyer, M. M. Moore, and J. C. Hozier. C1987
lOp EPA/600/J-87/423
Grant EPA-R-812163
Pub. in Chromosome (Berl), v95 p350-358 1987.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re^
search Triangle Park, NC.
High resolution G-banded mouse chromosomes were
prepared using an actinomycin D and acridine orange
pretreatment protocol, resulting in late prophase
mouse chromosomes which reveal over twice the
number of bands as compared to mid-metaphase
These elongated chromosomes, described here in
detail and used to construct a precise schematic rep-
resentation of the late prophase banding patterns,
should be generally useful in high resolution mouse
chromosome analysis. (Copyright (c) Springer Verlaa
1987).
Keywords: "Chromosome bonding, 'Cytogenetics,
Chromosomes, Prophase, Genetics, Inbred DBA mice
Laboratory animals, Mice, Reprints.
PB89-105977/HSU	PC A02/MF AOt
Effects of Microwave-Exposure and Temperature
on Survival of Mice Infected with 'Streptococcus
Rneumoniae' (Journal Version). Journal article,
ealth Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
C. G. Liddle, J. P. Putnam, and 0. H. Lewter. 1987 10n
EPA/600/J-87/424	^
Pub. in Bioelectromagnetics, v8 p295-3021987.
Female CD-I mice were injected with an LD50 dose of
Streptococcus pneumoniae and then exposed to 2 45
GHz (CW) microwave radiation at an incident power
density of 10 mW/cm2 (SAR approximately equals 6 8
W/kg), 4 h/d for 5 d at ambient temperatures of 19 22.
25,28,31,34,37 and 40 degs. C. the results showed
that survival of sham exposed animals increased a*
ambient temperature increased until 37 degs. c when
the thermoregulatory capacity of the animals was ex-
ceeded and deaths due to hyperthermia occurred. Sur-
vival of microwave exposed animals was significantly
greater than the shams (approximately 20 percent) at
each ambient temperature below 34 degs. C. An anaiv-
sis of the data suggests that the hyperthermia from
microwaves may be more effective in increasing sur-
vival than conventional hyperthermia. The results indi-
cate that microwave radiation may be beneficial to irw
fected animals at low and moderate ambient temoera.
tures, but detrimental when combined with hioh ambi-
ent temperatures.
Keywords: 'Hyperthermia, 'Streptococcus pneumon.
iae, 'Bacterial infections, 'Microwaves, Induced hyl
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
perthermia, Temperature, Laboratory animals, Expo-
sure, Survival, Reprints.
PB69-105985	Not available NTIS
Experiential Factor* In the Expression of Hyper-
motlllty Produced by Intradentate Colchicine:
Lack of Effect of GM1 Ganglioaide on Colchlclne-
Induced Loss of Granule Cells and Mossy Fibers
(Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
H. A. Tllson, G. J. Harry, K. Nanry, B. Rogers, and J.
Peterson. C1987,8p EPA/600/J-87/429
Pub. in Jnl. of Neuroscience Research, v17 p410-416
1987. Prepared in cooperation with National Inst, of
Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle
Park, NC., and North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
Adult, male Fischer-344 rats were given bilateral injec-
tions of 2.5 microgram colchicine or artificial cerebro-
spinal fluid into caudal and rostral sites of the dentate
gyrus of the hippocampus. One group of rats received
21 consecutive daily injections of 20 mg/kg GM1
gangliosides, i.p., beginning the day prior to surgery.
Another group received saline. Colcnicine-induced hy-
permotility was not seen in animals repeatedly handled
21 days after surgery, in spite of significant decreases
in granule cell number and decreases in the volume of
hippocampal mossy fibers. Pretreatment with GM1
had no effect on behavior and it did not protect against
the hippocampal damage produced by colchicine.
Rats given colchicine, but not handled for 21 days,
showed significant hypermotility, which was associat-
ed with decreases in hippocampal granule cells. These
data underscore the importance of handling in post
lesion functional recovery. (Copyright (c) 1987 Alan R.
Liss, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Toxicity, "Colchicine, "Hippocampus,
*G(M1) ganglioside, Motor activity, Animal behavior,
Laboratory animals, Alkaloids, Pathology, "Nerve
fibers, Reprints.
PBM-105993	Not available NTIS
Metabolism and DNA Binding of 1-Nltro 14C
Pyrene by Isolated Rabbit Tracheal Epithelial
CeMs. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L C. King, M. Jackson, L. M. Ball, and J. Lewtas.
c1987,9p EPA/600/J-87/433
Pub. in Carcinogenesis, v8 n5 p675-682 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill, and Environmental Health Research and
Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The metabolism of 1-nitro(14C)pyrene (1-NP) and the
binding of its reactive intermediates to DNA and pro-
tein was examined in rabbit tracheal epithelial cells.
The predominant metabolites identified and quantified
in the medium were the ring oxidation products, a 1-
NP-Diol, 1-NP phenols (6-or 8-OH-1-NP, 10-OH-1-NP,
and 3-OH-1-NP). Major metabolites formed by nitrore-
duction were N-acetyl-1 -amino pyrene and 1-aminopyr-
ene. The rate of both 1 -NP metabolism and DNA blnd-
was very high in these tracheal cells. The high rate
1-NP metabolism and DNA binding suggests that
tracheal ceils may be a target tissue for tumor induc-
tion by nitro-PAHs associated with diesel and other
combustion particle emissions. The preponderance of
highly mutagenic 1-NP phenols as metabolites sug-
gests that ring oxidation as well as nitroreduction may
result in Intermediates which form DNA adducts.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Trachea, Epithelium, Metab-
olism, Cultured cells, Laboratory animals, Aromatic po-
ly cyclic hydrocarbons, Nitro compounds, Protein bind-
ing, Reprints, "Pyrene/nitro, "DNA adducts, "Nitropyr-
ene.
PBW-1M009/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Blood Lead, Hearing Thresholds, and Neurobeha-
ytoral Development in Children and Youth (Jour-
nal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. Schwartz, and D. Otto. 1987,11 p EPA/600/J-87/
434
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, v42 n2
p163-1601987.
NHANES II audiometry data were used to confirm a
previously observed link between blood lead (PbB)
level and hearing threshold. Other indicators of neuro-
logical development, such as age at which a child first
sat up, walked, and spoke, and the presence of
speech difficulties and hyperactivity were also exam-
ined to determine if they were significantly related to
lead exposure. The probability of elevated hearing
thresholds at 500,1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz increased
significantly (P<0.0001) with increasing PbB for both
ears. PbB levels were also significantly related to
delays in the age at which children first sat up, walked,
and spoke and to the probability that a child was hy-
peractive. Lead was not related to the probability of a
child having a previously diagnosed speech impair-
ment.
Keywords: "Hearing, "Youths, "Children, "Lead, Hy-
Cerkinesis, Exposure, Blood analysis, Public health,
nited States, Health survey, Health statistics, Toxici-
ty, Tables(Data), Developmental disabilities, Reprints.
PB89-106017	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Gfardla lamblia: Stimulation of Growth by Human
Intestinal Mucus and Epithelial Cells in Serumfree
Medium (Journal Version). Journal article,
California Univ. Medical Center, San Diego.
M.J. Gault, F. D. Gillin. and A. J. Zenian. c1987,11 p
EPA/600/J-87/393
Grant EPA-R-811950
Pub. in Experimental Parasitology, v64 p29-37 Aug 87.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Giardia lamblia trophozoites specifically colonize the
upper human small Intestine which is normally serum-
free, but grow in vitro only in medium supplemented
with serum or serum fractions. Recently, biliary lipids
were shown to support the growth of G. lamblia without
serum. Now, it is reported that human duodenaljejunal
mucus stimulates growth of Giardia in medium with bili-
ary lipids. Stimulation by mucus was enhanced by in-
clusion of chymotrypsin or crude pancreatic proteases.
Coculture of trophozoites with human intestinal epithe-
lial cells also promoted growth, especially in the pres-
ence of mucus and/or biliary lipids. With biliary lipids
alone, the mean increase in cell number was 3.2 fold
and In the presence of mucus 8 fold (p < 0.01) in 24
serial subcultures. The demonstration that human in-
testinal mucus and epithelial cells promote serum-free
growth of G. lamblia may help to explain specific colo-
nization of the small intestine by G. lamblia.
Keywords: "Culture media, "Parasitic intestinal dis-
eases, "Protozoa, "Giardiasis, Mucus, Lipids, Growth,
Cultured cells, Epithelium, Small intestine, Reprints,
"Giardia lamblia, 'Trophozoites.
PB89-106025	Not available NTIS
Terminal Arbors of Axons Projecting to the Soma-
tosensory Cortex of the Adult Rat 2. The Altered
Morphology of Thalamocortical Afferenta Follow-
ing Neonatal Infraorbital Nerve Cut (Journal Ver-
sion). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
K. F. Jensen, and H. P. Kiflackey. cl 987,11 p EPA/
600/J-87/396
Pub. in the Jnl. of Neuroscience, v7 n11 p3544-3553
Nov 87. See also PB88-202098. Prepared In coopera-
tion with California Univ., Irvine.
The organization of the whisker representation within
the neocortex of the rat is dependent on an intaci pe-
riphery during development. To further investigate how
alterations in the cortical map arise the authors exam-
ined the organization of thalamocortical afferents to
the whiskers representation in adult animals In which
the infraorbital branch of the trigeminal nerve was cut
on the day of birth. The disrupted pattern of thalamo-
cortical projections to the vibrissae representation was
apparent in the abnormal pattern of the anterograde
transport of horseradish peroxidase from the thala-
mus, as well as in the abnormal pattern of succinate
dehydrogenase activity. To determine the morphology
of individual thalamocortical axons associated with the
disrupted pattern, terminal arbors were 'bulk-labeled'
by injections of horseradish peroxidase into the white
matter beneath the somatosensory cortex. Terminal
arbors were identified by their laminar distribution of
boutons corresponding to the specific thalamocortical
afferent The medial to lateral extent of these terminal
arbors varied dramatically, from 350 to 1500 micro-
grams. (Copyright (c) 1987 Society for Neuroscience.)
Keywords: "Cerebral cortex, Rats, Laboratory animals,
Morphology, Reprints, "Neurology, "Terminal arbors.
PB89-106033/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Radiofrequency Radiation: Activities and Issues,
A 1986 Perspective (Journal Version). Journal arti-
cle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. A. Elder. 1987, 7p EPA/600/J-87/420
Pub. in Health Physics, v53 p607-611 1987. See also
PB86-217155.
The following topics are discussed in the report: (1) en-
vironmental exposure levels of radiofrequency (RF) ra-
diation; (2) Federal and other activities related to the
control of exposure to RF radiation; (3) biological ef-
fects; (4) limitations in the knowledge of biological ef-
fects; and (5) research budgets.
Keywords: "Radiation effects, "Electromagnetic ef-
fects, Radio frequencies, Public health, Exposure,
Physiological effects, Body temperature, Dosimetry,
Data bases, Reprints.
PB89-106041/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Quantitative Changes In the Synaptic Vesicle Pro-
teins Synapsin I and p38 and the Aatrocyte-Spe-
clftc Protein Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein are As-
sociated with Chemical-Induced Injury to the Rat
Central Nervoua System (Journal Veralon). Journal
grticle
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
T. O. Brock, and J. P. O'Callaghan. 1987,15p EPA/
600/J-87/394
Pub. in the Jnl. of Neuroscience, v7 p93l-942 Apr 87.
Measurements of neuron-specific and glia-specific
proteins were used to characterize chemical-induced
injury to the rat CNS. Trimethyltin (TMT), a neurotoxi-
cant which preferentially damages neurons in limbic
structures, was employed to produce consistent, time-
dependent, dose-related, cell-type-specific alterations
in CNS morphology. Brain weights and histology were
used to verify the cytopathologlcal effects of TMT. Ac-
companying changes In two synaptic vesicle-associat-
ed proteins, synapsin I and p38, and the astrocyte-as-
sociated protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP),
were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Immuno-
histochemistry of GFAP and incorporation of 3H-thymi-
dine into GFAP-positive astrocytes also were used to
characterize astrocytic responses to TMT-induced
injury. Finally, quantitative two-dimensional PAGE was
employed to detect additional proteins affected by
TMT. Acute administration of TMT caused large dose-
and time-dependent decreases in synapsin I and p38
in hippocampus; the same proteins were largely unaf-
fected in a non-limbic structure, the frontal cortex.
Keywords: "Brain injuries, "Toxicity, "Neurochemiatry,
"Nerve tissue proteins, "Glial fibrillary acidic protein.
Astrocytes, Synaptic vesicles, Pathology, Tin organic
compounds, Hippocampus, Frontal cortex. Reprints,
"Synapsin I, "P38 protein.
PB89-106058/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
National Screening Survey of Hazardous Waste
Treatment, Storage, Disposal, and Recycling Fa-
cilities, 1986.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Sep 88,10Op EPA/530/SW-88/035
Contract EPA-68-01 -7350
See also PB86-197837. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid
Waste.
The report describes the results of the 1986 National
Screening Survey of Hazardous Waste Treatment
Storage, Disposal, and Recycling Facilities (Screening
Survey). This survey was conducted to collect prelimi-
nary data necessary to select a sample for a more de-
tailed follow-up survey, the National Survey of Hazard-
ous Waste Treatment, Storage, Disposal, and Recy-
cling (TSDR) Facilities. Respondents were required to
complete the questionnaire under Section 3007 of the
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act that author-
izes collection of information for regulatory develop-
ment purposes. Survey objectives included informa-
tion that would: (1) uniquely identify the name, location,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ownership, operating status, and commercial availabil-
ity of every TSDR in the country; (2) characterize the
type, scope, nature of the hazardous waste and the
hazardous waste TSD and recycling operations onsite
at each TSDR in the country; (3) be used in regulatory
development; and (4) assist EPA in understanding the
relationship between hazardous wastes managed in
units exempt from RCRA regulation and hazardous
wastes managed in units regulated under RCRA.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Hazardous mate-
rials, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Waste treatment, United
States, Selection, Storage, Regulations, Licenses, Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act, Waste recy-
cling, Waste processing plants.
PB89-106298/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Cape Cod Aquifer Management Project (CCAMP).
Final rept. Aug 85-Dec 87,
Environmental Protection Agency, Boston, MA.
Region I.
G. A. Zoto, and T. Gallagher. Sep 88,199p EPA/901 /
3-88/006
Prepared in cooperation with Geological Survey,
Boston, MA. Water Resources Div., Massachusetts
Dept. of Environmental Quality Engineering, Boston,
and Cape Cod Planning and Economic Development
Commission, Barnstable, MA.
The Cape Cod Aquifer Management Project (CCAMP)
was the first truly cooperative project of its kind in
which a unique partnership was established between
Mass. DEQE, and Cape Cod Planning
(CCPEDC), but it was also charged with broadly ex-
ploring a topic of increased regional concern; integrat-
ed and resource-based ground water management
among all levels of government. At a time when staff
resources were limited, CCAMP provided an opportu-
nity to explore a new approach to targeting environ-
mental priorities based upon the degree of nsk posed
to the resource. The Project found certain ground
water recharge areas were more threatened than
others by particular land-use activities; these areas re-
quire priority attention within management programs at
all levels of government. The land-use study illustrates
the process which may be undertaken to identify these
threatening activities and set these priorities. Numer-
ous insightful recommendations put forth by the Insti-
tutions Committee outline how these priorities should
be incorporated into regulatory programs.
Keywords; 'Ground water, 'Aquifers, 'Massachusetts,
Water resources, Water supply, Toxic material, Water
pollution, Waste disposal, Sewage treatment, Subsur-
face drainage, Pesticides, Management, Cape Cod
Aquifer	Management	Project,
Barnstable(Massachusetts),
Eastham(Massachusetts).
PB89-106439/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effects of Metal Cation* on Pituitary Hormone Se-
cretion In vitro (Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. L. Cooper, J. M. Goldman, G. L. Rehnberg, W. K.
McElroy, and J. F. Hein. C1987,12p EPA/600/J-87/
401
Pub. in Jnl. of Biochemical Toxicology, v2 p24l-249
1987.
The purpose of the study was to determine, in vitro, the
effects of nickel, cadmium, and zinc (SO microM) on
both baseline and potassium chloride (KCI)-stimulated
pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (Prl), and
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) release. Baseline
and stimulated LH releases were unaffected by nickel
and zinc; however, cadmium caused an increase in
baseline LH secretion. Baseline Prl release was de-
creased by zinc, while cadmium resulted in increased
release of the hormone. Stimulated Prl release was
lower during exposure to zinc but unaltered by nickel
and cadmium. Following exposure to zinc, a rebound in
stimulated release was noted for all three hormones
measured. These results showed that the metal ca-
tions tested did have a direct effect on pituitary hor-
mone release at a dose lower than 'h°s®
alter testicular function in vitro. Furthermore, the
changes in pituitary hormone secretion yaned depend-
ing upon the metal and hormone being evaluated.
(Copyright (c) VCH Publishers, Inc.)
Kevwords: "Nickel, 'Cadmium, 'Zinc, 'Pituitary hor-
mones, Laboratory animals, Secretion, Prolactin, Thyr-
otropin, LH, Toxicology, Metals, Reprints.
1162 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB89-106819	Not available NTIS
Triphenyl Phosphite: In vivo and In vitro Inhibition
of Rat Neurotoxic Esterase (Journal Version).
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. S. Padilla, T. B. Grizzle, and D. Lyerly. c1987,9p
EPA/600/J-87/384
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v87
p249-2561987. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop
Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Organophosphorus compounds which, after acute ad-
ministration, inhibit neurotoxic esterase (NTE) by > or
= 65% and undergo a subsequent 'aging' reaction,
produce a delayed neuropathy characterized by de-
generation of large and long nerve fibers. The present
studies examine in detail the NTE-inhibiting properties
of triphenyl phosphite (TPP), a plasticizer which pro-
duces ataxia and degeneration of the spinal cord in
animals. A neurotoxic dosing regimen (1184 mg/kg/
week, sc, for 2 weeks) inhibited both brain and spinal
cord NTE (< or = 40%) only marginally 4 and 48 hr
postdosing. By contrast, TPP was snown in vitro to be
a potent inhibitor of rat brain NTE relative to Mipafox or
diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate. Preincubation of 10
micromolar TPP in buffer (37 deg C) resulted in a time-
dependent loss of TPP's ability to inhibit NTE. In sum-
mary, TPP is a powerful NTE inhibitor in vitro, but only
a marginal NTE inhibitor after in vivo administration.
These results raise questions as to the causal events
mediating TPP-induced neuropathy in the rat. (Copy-
right (c) 1987 Academic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: "Toxic substances, "Toxicity, 'Carboxylic
ester hydrolases, Spinal cord, Brain, Laboratory ani-
mals, Enzyme inhibitors, Phosphorus organic com-
pounds, Nerve degeneration, Reprints, 'Triphenyl
phosphite, Neurotoxic esterase, Phosphorous acid/tri-
phenyl ester.
PB89-106827	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Influence of Cortisol on Prostaglandin Synthesis
by Fetal Membranes, Placenta, and Uterus of
Pregnant Rabbits (Journal Version). Journal article,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
P. A. Fail, and R. P. Reynolds. C1987,9p EPA/600/J-
87/383
Pub. in Biology of Reproduction, v37 p47-54 1987.
Prepared in cooperation with Research Triangle Inst.,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Sponsored by Health Ef-
fects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Two experiments were designed to assess the effects
of Cortisol on prostaglandin-forming cyclooxygenase in
4 gestational tissues of rabbits. Cortisol treatment (12
mg/kg body wt/h) was initiated on day 21 of pregnan-
cy and continued for a 24-h period. In cortisol-treated
rabbits, plasma progesterone decreased (P < .01) from
7.2 + or - 0.8 ng/ml on day 21 (pretreatment) to 1.6 +
or - 0.2 ng/ml on day 23, 48 hrs after the initiation of
Cortisol treatment. By 62 h, PGF, PGE2, and Cortisol
concentrations were all significantly higher (P<.05) in
the amniotic fluid of treated animals. However, Cortisol
treatment did not increase prostaglandin-forming cy-
clooxygenase activity in fetal or maternal tissues at
either 48 or 62 h. Therefore, even though increased
prostaglandin production may be responsible for the
cortisoT-induced abortion, increased cyclooxygenase
activity in the gestational compartment was not detect-
ed.
Keywords: "Fetal membranes, "Hydrocortisone,
'Prostaglandins, 'Prostaglandin synthase, Uterus,
Placenta, Laboratory animals, Microsomes, Induced
abortion, Amniotic fluid, "Pregnancy, Progesterone,
Reprints.
PB89-106835	Not available NTIS
Method for Calculating Electric and Magnetic
Fields In TEM Cells at ELF (Journal Version). Jour-
nal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. J. Spiegel, W. T. Joines, C. F. Blackman, and A. W.
Wood. C1987, 9p* EPA/600/J-87/382
Pub. in Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vEMC-
29 n4 p265-272 Nov 87. Prepared in cooperation with
Swinburne Inst, of Tech., Hawthorn (Australia).
A method is presented whereby the electric and mag-
netic field distributions within rectangular strip trans-
mission lines (TEM cells) can be calculated. Quasi-
static approximations are employed, thereby restrict-
ing the validity of the results to operational frequencies
well below the cell's cutoff frequency. The method is il-
lustrated by calculating the fields within an existing
structure used in biological experimentation. Where
possible, calculations are compared with measured
data.
Keywords: 'Electric fields, 'Magnetic fields, Computa-
tion, Reprints, *TEM cells, Crawford cells, Rectangu-
lar-strip lines.
PB89-106843/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Modified Molecular Charge Similarity indices for
Choosing Molecular Analogues (Journal Version).
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
A. M. Richard, and J. R. Rabinowitz. 1987,18p EPA/
600/J-87/381
Pub. in International Jnl. of Quantum Chemistry, v31
p309-323 1987.
Towards the goal of defining a molecular charge simi-
larity index which best quantifies the concept ofmolec-
ular similarity as it relates to biological activity, the au-
thors have evaluated a variety of definitions of the mo-
lecular charge distribution function, sigma, for use in
the charge similarity index formalism. Spatially distrib-
uted nuclear charges are incorporated into electron
distribution functions to approximately account for the
screening of core electronic charge and to model the
net effect of the total charge distribution in a manner
that better reflects the inherent relation to the molecu-
lar electrostatic potential. The resulting charge similari-
ty indices are evaluated based on their sensitivity to
relative molecule displacement and their ability to
meaningfully group or order a simple set of molecular
structures: CH3CH2CH3, CH30CH3 and CH3SCH3.
Keywords: 'Molecular properties, 'Structure-activity
relationship, 'Molecular structure, "Analogs, Propane,
Methy ether. Electron distribution, Charge density, Al-
kanes, Ethers, Sulfur organic compounds, Reprints,
'Molecular charge similarity index, Dimethyl sulfide.
PB89-106850	Not available NTIS
Studies on the Mechanism of Action of Chloro-
form Stimulation of Rat Hepatic Ornithine Decar-
boxylase (ODC) (Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianole
Park, NC.
R. E. Savage, A. B. DeAngelo, C. Guion, and M. A.
Pereira. C1987,19p EPA/600/J-87/374
Pub. in Chemical Pathology and Pharmacology, v58 n1
p97-113 Oct 87. Prepared in cooperation witn Environ-
mental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
It was previously reported that chloroform is a very
potent stimulator of rat hepatic ornithine decarboxy-
lase (ODC) activity. In an attempt to more thoroughly
understand the mechanism of tne stimulation, the ef-
fects of a series of pharmacologic, physiologic and
toxicologic manipulations on the chloroform response
were examined. These studies involved: in vivo experi-
ments in which animals were pretreated with com-
pounds known to affect the various physiological sys-
tems and then challenged with chloroform and in vitro
experiments in which chloroform was added to the in-
cubation media with/without the compound of interest
The results did not allow the assignment of a specific
effect of any of the manipulations to the mechanism of
the chloroform response, although much data of signif-
icant interest evolved. (Copyright (c) 1987 by PJD Pub-
lications Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Chloroform, "Ornithine decar-
boxylase, 'Toxic substances, Enzyme induction, Uver
Laboratory animals, Sex factors, Metabolism, Chlorine
organic compounds, Reprints.
PB89-106868	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianole
Park, NC.	^
Prospective Epidemiological Study of Health
Risks Associated with Wastewster Utilization in
Agriculture (Journal Version). Journal article,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
B. Fattal, P. Yekutiel, Y. Wax, and H. I. Shuval. C1987,
12p EPA/600/ J-86/477
Grant EPA-R-806416
Pub. in Water Science and Technology, v18 n10 p199-
209 Oct 86. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A prospective epidemiological morbidity and serology
study was carried out in Israel in 1980/82 on the asso-
ciation between enteric disease incidence and
wastewater utilization in 29 kibbutzim. Analysis of mor-
bidity data indicate that no significant excess of enteric
disease episode rates was found in any age group, or
in any occupational group, in kibbutzim exposed to
wastewater aerosols, versus kibbutzim using
wastewater. Results of viral antibodies in blood sera of
a subsample of the population generally confirmed the
findings of the morbidity study. Of 8 enterovirsuses
tested no excess in antibody level was found in the
population, exposed to aerosolized wastewater versus
the control kibbutzim. No differences were found be-
tween wastewater-contact and clean water-contact
workers. In field studies, aerosolized enteric bacteria
and viruses of wastewater origin were detected in air
samples as far as 730 m downwind of wastewater
sprinkler irrigated plots. (Copyright (c) IAWPRC 1987.)
Keywords: 'Waste water, 'Agricultural engineering,
'Risk, Epidemiology, Safety, Morbidity, Jerusalem,
Farms, Communities, 'Foreign technology, 'Risk as-
sessment, 'Waste water reuse, Waste utilization.
PB89-106876	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Permeation of Mouse Skin and Silicone Rubber
Membranes by Phenols: Relationship to In vitro
Partitioning (Journal Version). Journal article,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Coll. of Pharmacy.
W. E. Jetzer, A. S. Huq, N. F. H. Ho, G. L. Flynn, and N.
Duraiswamy. C1986, 7p EPA/600/J-86/476
Grant EPA-R-809229
Pub. in Jnl. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, v75 n11
p1098-1103 Nov 86. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A discrepancy has been noted in the relationship be-
tween the relative skin permeabilities of phenols and
their lipophilicities as expressed in commonly used oc-
tanol/water partition coefficients. The permeability co-
efficients of 4-nitrophenol and several other phenols
through skin and a model lipophilic membrane made of
silicone rubber were found to be independent of con-
centration, ruling out concentration dependent molec-
ular aggregation as the cause of the partitioning-per-
meability incongruity. An unexpectedly low permation
rate was observed for the diffusion of 4-nltrophenol
through the synthetic, silicone rubber membrane, con-
firming the phenol's anomalous position in permeabil-
ity relative to the octanol/water partitioning scale.
However, when o/w partition coefficients for the phe-
nolic compounds based on either n-hexane, methyl-
ene chloride, chloroform or silicone rubber as the
water immiscible phase are used, permeability coeffi-
cients for the skin and the synthetic membrane fol-
lowed expected permeation-partitioning dependen-
cies.
Keywords: 'Phenols, 'Membranes, 'Skin, 'Silicone
resins. Permeability, Separation, Elastomers, Diffu-
sion, Solubility, Organic solvents, Water, 'Nitrophen-
ols, Toxicology, Reprints.
PB89-106884	Not available NTIS
Effect of (lavage Vehicle on Hepatotoxiclty of
Carbon Tetrachloride In CD-1 Mice: Corn Oil
versus Tween-60 Aqueous Emulsion (Journal Ver-
sion). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. W. Condie, R. D. Laurie, T. Mills, M. Robinson, and J.
p. Bercz. C1986,9p EPA/600/ J-86/475
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, v7 n2
p199-206 Aug 86. Prepared In cooperation with Com-
puter Sciences Corp., Falls Church, VA.
The investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect
of corn oil gavage on the subchronic hepatotoxiclty of
carbon tetrachloride (CCI(4)). Male and female CD-1
mice were gavaged with 0, 1.2, 12, and 120 mg/kg
CCI(4) in either corn oil or 1 % Tween-60 vehicles once
dally for five consecutive days per week for 90 days.
The study revealed that the hepatotoxiclty was greater
In the corn oil vehicle groups of mice than in the
Tween-60 groups. Increases in serum enzyme activi-
ties were detected in the 12 mg/kg CCI(4) corn oil
male and female groups but not in the corresponding
Tween-60 groups. The experimental findings indicate
that the corn oil vehicle lowered the no-observed-ad-
verse-level (NOAEL) from CCI(4) exposure by an order
of magnitude (from 12 mg/kg to 1.2 mg/kg) and also
enhanced the hepatoxicity of CCI(4) in the high dose
treatment groups. (Copyright (c) 1986 by the Society of
Toxicology.)
Keywords: 'Corn oil, 'Carbon tetrachloride, 'Toxicity,
'Toxic substances, Liver, Pathology, Chlorine organic
compounds, Laboratory animals, Toxicology, Dose-re-
sponse relationships, Liver function tests, Enzymes,
vehicles, Reprints.
PB89-106892/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of Mixed Cell Types and S-lodo-2'-
Deoxyurldlne Treatment upon Plaque Assay
Titers of Human Enteric Viruses (Journal Version).
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
W. H. Benton, and C. J. Hurst. 1986,6p EPA/600/J-
86/474
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v51
n5 p1036-1040 May 86.
Four continuous cell lines BGM, L-132, HEL-299, and
RD were compared both when cultured separately and
as mixtures for use in plaque assay titrations of human
Adenovirus 1 and six human enterovirus serotypes.
The effect of incubating these cell cultures in media
containing IDU (5-iodooeoxyuridine) prior to inocula-
tion with virus was also studied. The use of mixed cell
cultures revealed cell line dependent synergistic as
well as inhibitory effects. These effects were strongly
virus dependent. The effect of IDU pretreatment was
also virus and cell line specific and enabled some vi-
ruses to form plaques in ceil lines when they otherwise
would not. Overall, IDU pretreatment resulted In an ap-
proximate two-fold increase in plaque titers over those
obtained without treatment.
Keywords: 'Enteroviruses, 'Idoxuridine, 'Plaque
assay, Cell lines, Echoviruses, Coxsackieviruses,
Human adenoviruses, Iodine organic compounds, Nu-
cleosides, Poliovirus, 'Viral cytopathogenic effect,
'Water microbiology, Reprints, 'virus isolation.
PB89-106983/HSU	PC A24/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
National Air Toxica Information Clearinghouse:
NATICH Data Base Report on State, Local and
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Air
Toxlce Activities. Interim rept. (Final).
Radian Corp.. Austin, TX.
Jul 88, 571 p DCN-88-239-001-50-08, EPA/450/5-88/
007
Contract EPA-68-02-4330
Supersedes PB86-200466. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The purpose of the report is to disseminate information
provided to the NATICH data base by State and local
air agencies and EPA on their air toxics activities. The
computer-generated report supersedes manually- and
computer-prepared reports published in September
1984, March 1985, September 1985, July 1986, and
July 1987. It both updates and extends (in new tables)
the information in the first five reports and contains in-
formation received through July 8,1988. The report in-
cludes a listing of State and local agencies that have
provided information to the Clearinghouse, air toxics
contacts, regulatory program information, acceptable
ambient concentration guidelines or standards and the
bases of those guidelines/standards, pollutant re-
search information, methods development activities,
permitting information, source testing information, etc.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, *Alr pollution, National govern-
ment, State government, Local government, Stand-
ards, Concentration(Composition), Tests, Risk, Ac-
ceptability, Data base, Ambient air, Listings, Chemi-
cals.
PB89-107882/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Nonmethane Organic Compound and Air Toxics
Monitoring Program. Final Report 1987. Volume 1.
Hydrocarbons.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Aug 88,363p EPA/450/4-88/011
Contract EPA-68-02-4391
See also Volume 2, PB89-107890, and PB86-120631.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
Samples of ambient air were collected at 32 sites in
the U.S. during June through September 1987 on
week days from 0600 to 0900 hours. Analysis for the
NMOC concentration was by PDFID. Data were used
in the EKMA ozone model. An extensive QA program
carried out with the samples shows good precision and
accuracy of the method. Data from all the samples are
tabulated together with an extensive discussion of the
QA program.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Hydrocarbons, Air
pollution, Organic compounds, Sites, Samples, Ozone,
Mathematical models, Concentration(Composition),
Tables(Data), Quality assurance, Computer programs,
'Air pollution detection, 'Toxic substances, 'Air pollu-
tion sampling. Flame ionization detection, Nonmeth-
ane Organic Compounds, NMOC data.
PB89-10789O/HSU	PC A04/MF AOI
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Nonmethane Organic Compound and Toxics Mon-
itoring Program. Final Report 1987. Volume 2.
Toxic Species.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Aug 88,75p EPA/450/4-88/012
Contract EPA-68-02-4391
See also Volume 1, PB89-107882. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Samples of air were collected at 15 sites in the U.S.
during June through September, 1987 on weekdays
from 0600-0900 hours. Some of the samples were
analyzed for 28 putative toxic compounds by a pas
chromatographic, multi-detector procedure. Verifica-
tion of compound identified was by mass spectrome-
ter. Data from all the samples (about 10 per site) are
reported. A description of the apparatus used is given
together with results from the QA program also carried
out.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Organic compounds,
Air pollution, Ozone, Sites, Samples, Gas chromatog-
raphy, Detectors, Mass spectrometers,
Concentratlon(Composition), Tables(Data), Quality as-
surance, Computer programs, 'Air pollution detection,
'Toxic substances, 'Air pollution sampling, Risk as-
sessment, Nonmethane Organic Compounds, NMOC
data.
PB89-108195/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Monitoring and Managing Environmental Impact
American and Soviet Perspectives,
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
G. E. Schweitzer, and A. S. Phillips. Jan 88,292p
Proceedings of the US-USSR Symposium on Compre-
hensive Analysis of the Environment (5th), Washing-
ton, DC., December 1986. Sponsored by Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Washington, DC., and Obsh-
chesoyuznyi Gosudarstvennyi Komitet SSSR po Gi-
drometeorologii i Kontroiyu Prirodnoii Stredii, Moscow.
At the request of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, the National Academy of Sciences hosted a
U.S.-USSR bilateral symposium in December 1986
(Comprehensive Analysis of the Environment). The
meeting was fifth in a series of symposia on the topic
and was part of an ongoing project within the frame-
work of the Intergovernmental Agreement on Coop-
eration in the Field of Environment Protection between
EPA and the USSR State Committee for Hydrometeor-
ology and Control of the Natural Environment (Hydro-
met). The symposium's goal was to help clarify the var-
ious factors which influence the quality of the environ-
ment, including the Impact of pollutants on the ecosys-
tem and human health, the influence of human activity
on the biosphere, and the scientific basis for determin-
ing ecological resilience. A general session addressed
approaches and basic concepts, while technical ses-
sions covered such topics as monitoring approaches
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
and technology, regional-scale case studies, manage-
ment applications, and global monitoring strategies.
Future directions for joint research were discussed at
the closing session.
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Meetings, "Inter-
national relations, "Hydrology, Meteorological, Lakes,
United States, Air pollution control, Water pollution
control, Monitoring, Foreign countries, Ecology, Re-
views, USSR, Acidity, Regional planning, Ecosystem,
Global, Acid precipitation.
PB89-108237/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
BACT/LAER (Best Available Control Technology/
Least Allowable Emission Rate) Information
System (BLIS) User's Manual, June 1988.
Ptl Associates, Inc., Durham, NC.
J. Steigerwald, and R. Paul. Jun 88,80p EPA/450/3-
88/011
Contract EPA-68-02-4394
See also report dated Aug 83, PB84-142249. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards.
In the report, Section 1 is the introduction. Section 2
describes the data stored in BLIS and the organization
of these data. Section 3 instructs the user In how to
gain access to BLIS. Section 4 lists the procedures for
obtaining printed reports, and Section 5 instructs the
user on data submission.
Keywords: "Information systems, "Air pollution con-
trol, Technology, State government, Industrial wastes,
Combustion products, Tables(Data), Sources, Manu-
als, Best technology, Lowest achievable emission rate.
PB89-108682/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 173: Glyphosate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jun 86,14p EP A/540/FS-88/124
See also PB87-103214.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, Including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred; issuance or reissuance
of a registration standard: issuance of each special
review document; registration of a significantly
changed use pattern; registration of a new chemical;
or an immediate need for information to resolve con-
troversial issues relating to a specific chemical or use
pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Plant hormones, Growth regu-
lators, Herbicides, Standards, Regulations, Toxicol-
ogy, Ecology, Glycine, Agricultural products, Exposure,
"Glyphosate, "Toxic substances, Path of pollutants,
Chemical information fact sheet, Use patterns, Sci-
ence findings, CAS 38641 -94-0, Glycine/N-phosphon-
omethyl, Pesticide residues.
PB89-108690/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstratlon of Pesticide
Products Containing Phenmedipham as the Active
Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Mar 87,99p EPA/540/RS-88/119
See also PB89-108716.
The report contains information regarding the registra-
tion of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient The document includes how to register
under a registration standard, regulatory position and
rationale, and summaries of date requirements and
data gaps. Also included is a bibliography containing
citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving at
the positions and conclusions contained in the stand-
ard.
Kevwords: "Herbicides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products. Pesticides, "Reregistration, "Toxk:
substances, "Phenmedipham, *
minophenyl-3-methylcarbanilate, Path of pollutants,
CAS 13684-63-4.
PB89-108708/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 175: Strychnine
Alkaloid and Sulfate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Oct 88,6p EPA/540/FS-88/125
The report contains up-to-date chemical information,
including a summary of the Agency's regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group of
pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the fol-
lowing actions has occurred: issuance/reissuance of a
registration standard; issuance of each special review
document; registration of a significantly changed use
pattern; registration of a new chemical; or an immedi-
ate need for information to resolve controversial
issues relating to a specific chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, "Ag-
ricultural products, "Toxic substances, "Strychnine
alkaloid, "Strychnine sulfate, "Strychnine, Path of pol-
lutants, Alkaloids, CAS 57-24-9, CAS 60-41-3.
PB89-108718/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 172: Phenmedl-
pham.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Mar 87,9p EPA/540/FS-88/118
See also PB89-108690.
The report contains up-to-date chemical information,
including a summary of the Agency's regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group of
pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the fol-
lowing actions has occurred: issuance/reissuance of a
registration standard; issuance of each special review
document; registration of a significantly changed use
pattern; registration ol a new chemical; or an immedi-
ate need for information to resolve controversial
issues relating to a specific chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Herbicides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, Pesticides, "Toxic substances,
"Phenmedipham, *3-Methoxycarbonylaminophenyl-3-
methylcarbanilate, Path of pollutants, CAS 13684-63-
4.
PB89-108724/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Shset Number 174: Sodium Fluora-
eetate (Compound 1080).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Oct 88,6p EPA/540/FS-88/126
The report contains up-to-date chemical information,
including a summary of the Agency's regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group of
pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the fol-
lowing actions has occurred; issuance/reissuance of a
registration standard; issuance of each special review
document; registration of a significantly changed use
pattern; registration of a new chemical; or an immedi-
ate need for information to resolve controversial
issues relating to a specific chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Rodenticides, Standards, Pesticides, Haz-
ardous materials, Chemical properties. Regulations,
Toxicology, Ecology, Agricultural products, "Toxic sub-
stances, "Sodium fluoroacetate, Compound 1080,
Ratsbane, Path of pollutants, Fluoroacetates, CAS 62-
74-8.
PB89-108S71/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparative Health Effects Assessment of Drink-
ing Water Treatment Technologies. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
9 Mar 88,9p SAB-EHC-88-015
On October 8-9,1987 the Drinking Water Subcommit-
tee of the Science Advisory Board's Environmental
Health Committee met to independently review of
Office of Drinking Water report to Congress entitled
'Comparative Health Effects Assessment of Drinking
Water Treatment Technologies'. The objective of the
report is to compare the health effects resulting from
the use of different drinking water treatment technol-
ogies with those prevented by biological treatment.
The Subcommittee concludes that the constraints of
time and available budget, the report adequately sur-
veys the available information on health effects pf
chemicals involved in water treatment, including cost
estimates. The rationale for the specific approach
used in examining water treatment processes should
be articulated. Tne introduction should also clearly
state that there is a disparity in knowledge for the vari-
ous treatment techniques.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Public health, "Water
treatment, Sewage treatment, Cost estimates, Chlorin-
ation, Halogens, Risk, Disinfection, Recommenda-
tions, Assessments, "Drinking water, Chemicals.
PB89-108989/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Review of Neurotoxlcology Methods Develop-
ment by Neurotoxlcology Research Review Com-
mittee. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
9 Sep 88,19p SAB-EC-88-043
The Neurotoxlcology Research Review Panel of EPA'a
Science Advisory Board (SAB) reviewed the EPA re-
search program to develop neurotoxlcology methods.
SAB analysis of the program produced six scientific
recommendations, including the following: focusing
the approach in behavioral research by involving all
principal investigators; establishing a data base for ref-
erence chemicals with known neurotoxic effects; utiliz-
ing field batteries of behavioral and electrophysical
tested in high dose human exposure cases; emphasiz-
ing research on problems associated with screening
tests; emphasizing research in the area of cross spe-
cies extrapolation of toxicity data; and confining the
study of limbic system electrophysiological to a sec-
ondary test. Administrative recommendations included
the following: development of better mechanisms for
assuring budget stability; developing a method for
funding unit cost in the range of $15,000 to $50,000;
and forming a separate branch in cellular and molecu-
lar toxicology.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Neural transmission, Central
nervous system, Acute diseases, Toxicity, Test meth-
ods, "Hazardous substances, US EPA.
PB89-108997/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Assess Health Effects Associated with DtcMoro-
methane Methylene Chloride. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Waishington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
9 Mar 88,9p SAB-EHC-88-013
See also PB84-162643.
On August 13-14, 1987 the Halogenated Organics
Subcommittee of the Science Advisory Board's Envi-
ronmental Health Committee met in Washington, D.C.
to review two documents prepared by EPA's Office of
Research and Development that assess health effects
associated with dichloromethane (methylene chlo-
ride). The documents included: a June 1987 Draft
Technical Analysis of New Methods and Data Regard-
ing Dichloromethane: Pharmacokinetics, Mechanism
of Action and Epidemiology, a July 1987 Draft Adden-
dum to the Health Assessment Document for Dichloro-
methane: Pharmacokinetics, Mechanism of Action and
Epidemiology. The Subcommittees concluded that the
Addendum was one of the best documents It has re-
ceived In terms of its clarity, coverage of the data and
analysis of scientific issues. The document clearly
demonstrates the potential utility of pharmacokinetics
data in risk assessment
Keywords: "Chioromethanes, 'Public health, 'Water
pollution, Chlorine organic compounds, Ethane, Phar-
macology, Kinetics, Epidemiology, Risk, Malignant
neoplasms, Hazards, Ethane/dlcnloro.
PB89-1Q9003/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Review of the Office of Drinking Water's Draft
Final Criteria Document for Ortho-Meta-Para-Dieh.
lorobenzene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
9 Mar 88,7p SAB-EHC-88-016
See also PB86-117918.
The Halogenated Organics Subcommittee of the Sci-
ence Advisory Board's Environmental Health Commit,
tee completed its review of the Office of Qrinkjno
Water's Draft Final Criteria Document for Ortho-M«ta-
Para-Dichlorobenzene. The U.S. Environmental Pro.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tection Agency has used the weight of evidence ap-
proach in recommending a classification of B2 for
drinking water base on existing animal studies. The
Subcommittee concluded that the reasoning offered
for the conclusion is scientifically defensible, but it is
not the only defensible conclusion. In assessing the
issue of carcinogenicity, a key question is the weight
that should be signed to the rat data for purposes of
this and other issues led most Subcommittee mem-
bers to concluded that the compound should more ap-
propriately be classified as Category C of U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency guidelines.
Keywords: *Potable water, "Toxicology, Reviews,
Public health, Carcinogens, Mutagens, 'Drinking
water, "Water quality criteria, "Dichlorobenzene,
"Water pollution effects(Humans), "Water pollution
effects(Animals), Benzene/dlchloro, Toxicokinetics,
Health risk, Environmental health.
PB89-109011/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Review of the Acrylamide Health Criteria Docu-
ment. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
19 Jul 88, 7p SAB-EHC-88-035
See also PB86-117744.
The Drinking Water Subcommittee of the Science Ad-
visory Board's Environmental Health Committee com-
Eleted its review of the Drinking Water Health Criteria
locument for Acrylamide. Subcommittee made the
following conclusions and recommendations: because
it was performed for two full years the Johnson Study
should be used in setting the standard, the final as-
sessment of the carcinogenic potential should await
the results of the current bioassay, the ability of acryl-
amide to produce heritable germ cell mutations should
be given emphasis in the risk assessment process, the
health implications of products formed from acrylam-
ide as a result of chlorination and oxidation processes
are potentially serious and must be considered in the
document, and the potential effects of pH and metal
ions in water should be addressed.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Toxicology, Reviews,
Public health, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Germ cells,
Chlorination, Oxidation, "Drinking water, "Water qual-
ity criteria, "Water pollution effects(Humans), "Water
pollution effects(Animals), "Acrylamide, Health risk.
PB89-109029/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Review of the Selenium Health Criteria Document.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
19 Jul 88,6p SAB-EHC-88-036
See also report dated Apr 85, PB86-118098.
The Metals Subcommittee of the Science Advisory
Board's Environmental Health Committee has com-
pleted Its review of the Drinking Water Health Criteria
Document for Selenium. The Subcommittee made two
recommendations: that more information was needed
in the document on the studies on which the standard
is based and that the Drinking Water Equivalent Level
(DWEL) should be 200 micrograms/L based on an un-
certainty factor of 10. The Committee observed that
the Environmental Protection Agency for its suggested
drinking water equivalent level has chosen a factor 15
and are to be able to balance the data from Yang et al
(1983) and the National Academy of Sciences 1980
conclusion that the safe range of daily selenium intake
if SO to 200 microgram. The Subcommittee further rec-
ommended that because the Yang et al study and the
National Academy of Sciences recommendation plays
such an Important role in the development of the drink-
ing water equivalent level, that more detail be more re-
defined concerning these study.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Toxicology, "Selenium,
Reviews, Exposures, "Drinking water, 'Water quality
criteria, "Water pollution effects(Humans), "Water pol-
lution effects(Animal8), Toxicokinetics.
PBM-1M060/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
BACT/LAER (Beat Available Control Technology/
Lowest Achievable Emission Rate) Clearing-
house: A Compilation of Control Technology De-
terminations. Third Supplement to 1985. Summary
Tables and Appendices A-G.
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Jul 88,683p EPA/450/3-85/016-SUPPL-3
Contract EPA-68-0-4394
See also report dated Jun 87, PB87-220596. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards.
The basic purposes of the BACT/LAER Clearinghouse
are to: (1) provide State and local air pollution control
agencies with current information on case-by-case
control technology determinations that are made na-
tionwide; and (2) promote communication, coopera-
tion, and sharing of control technology information
among the permitting agencies. The information pre-
sented in the compilation was abstracted from precon-
struction permits and submitted voluntarily by the
State and local air pollution control agencies. The
Clearinghouse is intended as a reference for State and
local agencies in making BACT/LAER decisions. The
report is a supplement to previous Clearinghouse com-
pilations issued in May 1982, April 1983, May 1984,
May 1985, May 1986, and May 1987.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, State government, In-
dustrial wastes, Emission, Combustion products,
Sources, Boilers, Tables(Data), "Best technology.
PB8S-109151/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Review of the Barium Health Criteria Document
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
19 Jul 88,5p SAB-EHC-88-038
See also PB86-118031.
The Metals Subcommittee of the Science Advisory
Board's Environmental Health Committee completed
its review of the Drinking Water Health Criteria Docu-
ment for Barium dated December 1987. The Subcom-
mittee was asked to review the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency's standard 4.7 mg/L which was the stand-
ard recommended by the National Academy of Sci-
ences in 1982. The Subcommittee concluded that any
value for the drinking water standard in the range of 1
to 5 mg/L was consistent with the scientific evidence.
The Subcommittee observed that it was unclear how
the National Academy derived its value and the Sub-
committee recommended that Environmental Protec-
tion Agency use its own data base to develop a stand-
ard. Tne Subcommittee further observed that express-
ing a standard to significant figure gives a false impres-
sion and precision and recommended that a standard
be given to one significant figure.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Barium, "Toxicology,
Public health, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Water quality.
Reviews, "Drinking water, "Water quality criteria,
"Water pollution effects(Humans), "Water pollution
effects(Animals), Water pollution standards, Environ-
mental health, Risk assessment.
PB8S-109177/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation* of Electrostatic Precipitator Perform-
ance at Edgewater Unit 4 Limestone Injection
Multistage Burners (LIMB) Demonstration. Rnal
rept. Oct 85-Mar 88,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL. Environ-
mental Sciences Dept.
J. P. Gooch, and J. L. DuBard. Sep 88,71 p SRI-ENV-
88-749, EPA/600/7-88/020
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report describes laboratory- and pilot-scale stud-
ies of the Limestone Injection Multistage Burners
(LIMB) process as well as preliminary on-site tests at
Ohio Edison's Edgewater Station. The effects of LIMB
on electrostatic precipitation (ESP) performance are
reported in terms of ash resistivity, electrical operation,
mass loading, particle size distribution, and mass emis-
sions. A significant reduction in SOx and NOx emis-
sions from coal-fired utility boilers may require retrofit
applications of emission control technology. LIMB is
such a retrofit technology which may be applicable to a
number of existing boilers. EPA's LIMB demonstration
at Edgewater Unit 4 employs a wall-fired boiler of 105
MW electric generating capacity, equipped with a large
ESP (nominal SCA 600 sq ft/1000 acfm at 528,000
acfm) of modern design that was retrofitted in 1982.
Keywords: "Electrostatic precipitators, *Air pollution
control equipment, Performance evaluation, Sulfur
oxides, Nitrogen oxides, Air toxic substances, Electric
boilers, Coal fired power plants, Fly ash, Particle size
distribution, Air pollution abatement, Limestone injec-
tion multistage burners.
PB80-109243/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Electrophysiological and Morphological Evidence
for a Diameter-Based Innervation Pattern of the
Superior Colllculua (Journal Version). Journal arti-
cle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Neurotoxicology Div.
W. K. Boyes, and B. Veronesi. 1988,20p EPA/600/J-
88/151
Pub. in Experimental Neurology, v101 p190-207 1988.
Neurophysioiogical and morphological techniques
were used to describe changes in the optic tract and
superior colliculus (SC) in response to monocular enu-
cleation. Long-Evans, male, (250g) rats were implant-
ed with chronic bipolar stimulating electrodes located
in the optic chiasm and a recording electrode located
below the stratum griseum superficiale (SGS) and ref-
erenced to a skull screw electrode. In rats with satis-
factory electrode placements (n=17), peaks corre-
sponding to rapidly conducting presynaptic activity
(Pre), rapidly conducting postsynaptic activity (Nl), and
slowly conducting postsynaptic activity (P3), were
identified according to peak latency, polarity, stimula-
tion threshold, and resistance to 100 Hz stimulation.
These peaks diminished differentially over a seven day
(D1 -7) post-enucleation period. Those peaks reflecting
rapidly conducting axons (i.e., Pre, N1) decayed by D2,
whereas those reflecting slowly conducting axons (i.e.,
P3) persisted until D4 and completely decayed by D7.
Keywords: "Optic nerve, "Superior colliculus, "Neural
transmission, "Electrophysiology, Nerve fibers, Optic
chiasm, Laboratory animals, Morphology, Electron mi-
croscopy, Axons, Reprints.
PB89-109250/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Models of the Interaction of Mortality and the
Evolution of Risk Factor Distribution: A General
Stochastic Process Formulation (Journal Ver-
sion). Journal article,
Duke Univ., Durham, NC.
K. G. Manton, M. A. Woodbury, and E. Stallard. C1988,
20p EPA/600/ J-88/093
Grant EPA-R-81109O
Pub. in Statistics in Medicine, v7 p239-256 1988.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC., and National Science Foun-
dation, Washington, DC.
Generally, analyses of longitudinal studies of chronic
disease risks do not directly model the change with
time of risk factor values and the interactions of those
changes with risk levels. Failure to account for such
process characteristics can lead to incorrect infer-
ences about the specific effects of risk factors on mor-
tality, the inability to accurately forecast the future risk
of the cohort, and inaccurate statements about the ef-
fects of specific risk factor interventions on morality. A
model is presented which does describe such a proc-
ess model, and shows how it can be estimated from
longitudinal studies. The effects of certain risk factor
process features on the evolution of disease risk are il-
lustrated, using data from males in the Framinaham,
Massachusetts study. (Copyright (c) John Wiley &
Sons Ltd. 1988.)
Keywords: "Mortality, "Risk, "Mathematical models,
Prediction, Accuracy, "Risk assessment, Chronic dis-
eases.
PB89-109288/H8U	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Flow Cytometric Discrimination of Mitotic Nuclei
by Right-Angle Light Scatter (Journal Version).
Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc./Environmentai Sciences, Re-
search triangle Park, NC.
R. M. Zucker, K. H. Elstein, R. E. Easterling, and E. J.
Massaro. c1988,8p EPA/600/J-88/094
Contract EPA-68-02-4450
Pub. in Cytometry, v9 p226-231 1988. Sponsored by
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Flow cytometry has been used to demonstrate alter-
ations in protein, RNA, and DNA content of cells as
they traverse the cell cycle. Employing fluorescein
isothiocynate (FITC) to stain protein and propidium
iodide (PI) to stain nucleic acids, multiple regions within
the G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle, in addition to
the M phase, can be distinguished. Cytograms of the
90 degree light scatter signal vs. P1 fluorescence were
remarkably similar to those of FITC fluorescence vs.
P1 fluorescence, suggesting a relationship between 90
degree light scatter and protein content. M-phase cells
can be distinguished from G2-phase cells on cyto-
grams of 90 degree light scatter vs. P1 fluorescence.
However, the percent of mitotic cells obtained by this
technique is approximately 30% less than that found
by light microscopic analysis. Flow cytometric param-
eters of nuclei prepared by nonionic detergent (NP40)
lysis in Dulbecco's PBS, Vindelov's buffer, or Pollack's
hypotonic EDTA/Tris buffer were compared. The best
resolution of mitotic cells were obtained in Pollack's
buffer. However, the stainability of the M-phase cells is
reduced and they are located in the G2/M region of
the single-parameter histogram. (Copyright (c) 1988
Alan R. Liss, Inc.)
Keywords: "Cytology, 'Mitosis, Cell nucleus, Nucleic
acids, Proteins, Reprints, *Flow cytometry, *Cell cycle,
Stains and staining, Cultured cells.
PB89-109276/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Biotransformation of Chlordecone by 'Pseudo-
monas' Species (Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
S. E. George, and L. D. Claxton. 1988.12p EPA/600/
J-88/095
Pub. in Xenobiotica, v18 n4 p407-416 1988.
Chlordecone, known under the tradename Kepone, is
a highly chlorinated cyclodiene pesticide that is resist-
ant to microbial degradation. Six month chlordecone
enrichment cultures yielded several Gram-negative
microorganisms that were resistant to and/or degrad-
ed chlordecone. Three Pseudomonas spp. were fur-
ther characterized for their chlordecone degrading
ability. Chlordecone and two derivates, Mirex and Ke-
tevan, supported growth of these strains. All three
Pseudomonas spp. reduced the concentration of
chlordecone in the medium after 14 days incubation as
determined by HPLC analysis when it was added either
as sole carbon source or in the presence of medium
supplements.
Keywords; 'Insecticides, 'Pseudomonas, Metabolism,
Chlorine organic compounds, Reprints, 'Chlordecone,
'Biotransformation.
PB89-109284/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Analysis of the Qene-Tox Carcinogen Data Base
(Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
S. Nesnow, and H. Bergman. 1987,19p EPA/600/J-
88/096
Pub. in Mutation Research, v205 p237-2531988.
The Gene-Tox Carcinogen Data Base is an evaluated
source of cancer data on 506 chemicals, selected, in
part, for their previous assessment in genetic toxicol-
ogy bioassays. The data base has been analyzed for
the distribution of these chemicals into chemical class-
es and for the distribution of the cancer studies by
route of administration, animal species, gender, major
tumor sites, and tumor types. Chemicals in the data-
base have been assessed for species specific carcino-
genic effects, and these results indicate that for mice
and rats, there is a high correspondence (85 A). When
chemicals in the Gene-Tox Carcinogen Data Base
were examined for their previous evaluation in 73 ge-
netic toxtoology bioassays, °nly 26 of the^^oassays
had 30 or more chemicals. In these 26 bioassays, ine
prevalence of positive chemicals was generally great-
er than 80-90%. This suggests that a thorough evalua-
tion of genetic toxicology bioassays for their ability to
predict carcinogenic effects in animals is premature at
this time.
Keywords: 'Carcinogens, 'Genetics, Hazardous mate-
rials, Tables(Data), Toxicology, Bioassay, 'Risk as-
sessment.
PB89-109292/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effects of Type I and II Pyrethroids on Motor Ac-
tivity and the Acoustic Startle Response In the
Rat (Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Neurotoxicology Div.
K. M. Crofton, and L. W. Reiter. 1987,13p EPA/600/J-
88/097
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, v10
P624-634 1988.
Two behavioral tests, locomotor activity and the
acoustic startle response (ASR), were utilized to sepa-
rate the behavioral actions of Type I and II pyrethroids
using permethrin, RU11679, cypermethrin, RU26607,
fenvalerate, cyfluthrin, flucythrinate, fluvalinate and
p,p'-DDT. Dosage-effect functions for all compounds
were determined for both figure-8 maze activity and
the ASR in the rat. All compounds were administered
po in 1 ml/kg corn oil 1.5 - 3 hr prior to testing. The
Type I compounds permethrin RU11679, along with
p,p'-DDT, increased amplitude and had no effect on la-
tency to onset of the ASR. In contrast, the Type II pyr-
ethroids cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, and flucythrinate de-
creased amplitude and increased the latency to onset
the ASR. Fenvalerate increased the amplitude, had no
effect on latency, but unlike the other compounds
tested, increased ASR sensitization. Fluvalinate had
no effect on any measure of the ASR. The data pro-
vide further evidence of the differences between the in
vivo effects of low dosages of Type I and II pyrethroids
and extend the findings of our previous work to other
representatives of the two classes of pyrethroids.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Toxicity, DDT, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Fluorine organic compounds,
Oxygen heterocyclic compounds, Reprints, Pryeth-
rins, Dose-response relationships, CAS 50-29-3, CAS
52645-53-1, CAS 22431-62-5, CAS 68359-37-5, CAS
52315-07-8, CAS 51630-58-1, CAS 69409-94-5, CAS
70124-77-5, Motor activity, Startle reaction.
PB89-109300/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Qenotoxiclty of Complex Mixtures: Strategies for
the Identification and Comparative Assessment
of Airborne Mutagens and Carcinogens from
Combustion Sources (Journal Version). Journal ar-
ticle.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
J. Lewtas. 1988,22p EPA/600/J-88/098
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, v10
p571-589 1988.
Two strategies for assessment of the toxicity of com-
plex mixtures are described and illustrated with exam-
ples from genotoxicity studies of complex combustion
mixtures. The first is a strategy for identifying biologi-
cally active compounds or compound classes In com-
plex mixtures (bioassay-directed fractionation and
characterization). Studies have shown that a signifi-
cant portion of the mutagenicity in combustion emis-
sions and urban air is found in fractions more polar
than poiynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. The second
strategy (comparative potency method) provides an
approach to evaluating the relative toxicities of a series
of mixtures. The comparative mutagenicity and car-
cinogenicity of a series of combustion emissions has
been assessed using dose-response studies in bacte-
ria, mammalian cells, and rodents. Comparative muta-
genic and tumorigenic emission rates or emission fac-
tors provide a means to directly compare the relative
hazard of the sources. The data base also has been
used to develop a comparative risk assessment meth-
odology for combustion emissions.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Genetics, Mutagens, Carcino-
gens, Combustion products, Prediction, Mutations,
Tests, Design criteria, 'Air toxic substances, 'Risk as-
sessment.
PB89-109318/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Age-Related Changes in the Regional Distribution
of Hormones In the Male Rat Anterior Pituitary
(Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. M. Goldman, R. L. Cooper, G. L. Rehnberg, W. K.
McElroy, and J. F. Hein. c1988,10p EPA/600/J-88/
100
Pub. in Biochemical and Biophysical Research Com-
munications, v152 n3 p1213-1220 May 88. Prepared in
cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc./Environmen-
tal Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Some heterogeneity in the localization of hormone-
containing cells has been reported in the mammalian
anterior pituitary. Since age-related changes are
present in pituitary hormone concentrations, the
present study was designed to explore if such changes
in the male rat are regionally consistent. The results
show clear geographic patterns in the presence of im-
munoreactive LH, FSH, prolactin and TSH. In the two
year-old male, specific regional declines in hormone
concentrations were present. With one regional excep-
tion, such was not the case when values were ex-
pressed in total hormonal content. A fall in gonadotro-
pins still appeared in the medial area of the most
caudal strip. The results suggest that with age, there is
a displacement of hormone-containing cells in the pitu-
itary and that for the gonadotropes this effect appears
to be more prominent within the medio-caudal area.
(Copyright (c) 1988 Academic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Anterior pituitary aland, 'Aging, 'Pituitary
hormones, Histology, Males, Laboratory animals, LH,
Thyrotropin, Prolactin, FSH, Reprints.
PB89-109326/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Analysis by Chemical Class of Salmonella Mutage-
nicity Tests as Predictors of Animal Carcinogen-
icity (Journal Version). Journal article,
Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
L. D. Claxton, A. G. Stead, and D. Walsh. c1988,31 p
EPA/600/ J-88/101
Contract EPA-68-02-4456
Pub. in Mutation Research, v205 p197-225 1988.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
For a number of years, investigators have recognized
that humans potentially are exposed to large numbers
of genotoxicants. Many efforts have attempted to vali-
date various short-term bioassays for use as rapid, in-
expensive screens for genotoxicants-especially car-
cinogens. Salmonella mutagenicity as an indicator of
potential carcinogenicity is examined by comparing
published (and wnen possible, evaluated) Salmonella
results with the evaluated Gene-Tox animal carcino-
gen data base. The Salmonella bioassay does espe-
cially well in those cases where the level of evidence
for carcinogenicity is the strongest. Analysis shows
that except for special classes of compounds, the
plate-incorporation protocol and the preincubation
protocol are equally efficient at detecting mutagens.
The paper also demonstrates how validation values
(sensitivity, specificity, etc.) vary with chemical class.
Overall, the analysis demonstrates that when used
and interpreted in a meaningful chemical class con-
text, the Salmonella bioassay remains extremely
useful in identifying potential animal carcinogens.
(Copyright (c) 1988 Elsevier Science Publishers B7V.)
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Salmonella, 'Carcii
Predictions, Methodology, Laboratory animals,
say, Reprints, 'Mutagenicity tests.
PB89-109334/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Biochemical Effects of DDT and DDE In Rat and
Mouse Uver (Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.	*
K. T. Kitchin, and J. L Brown. 1988,11 p EPA/600/J-
88/102
Pub. in Environmental Research, v46 p39-47 1988.
The effects of two hepatocarcinogens (DDT and ODE)
on hepatic biomedical parameters were examined In
adult female rats and mice. Two oral administrations of
DDT (66 mg/kg/day) at 21 and 4 hours before aacri.
flee increased rat hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
450 content by 28%. After two oral treatments with
175 and 525 mg/kg/day of DDE, rat hepatic ornithine
decarboxylase (ODC) activity was increased 6.5 and
22 fold while cytochrome P-450 content was elevated
by 58% and 123% respectively. As DDT did not acute-
ly increase rat ODC activity, a chronic exposure to DDT
was also performed. Thirty days after a single oral
treatment with 90 mg/kg DDT, rat hepatic ODC was
not elevated above control values. Neither DDT or
DDE caused any significant biochemical changes in
mouse liver. Thus rat hepatic ODC, a biochemical
marker for carcinogenic promotional potential, re-
sponded to DDE, the stronger of the two hepatocarcin-
ogens, but not to DDT. Neither DDT or DDE caused
hepatic DNA damage in either rat or mouse liver.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, *DDT, 'Insecticides, Biochemis-
try, Uver, Laboratory animals, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Ornithine decarboxylase, Cytochrome P-450,
Reprints, 'DDE, Oral administration. Ethylene/
bis(chlorophenyl)-dichloro, Dose-response relation-
ships.
PB89-109342/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Comparison of 'Qlardla microti' and 'Spironucleus
muris' Cyst* in the Vole: An Immunocytochemlcal,
Light, and Electron Microscopic Study (Journal
Version). Journal article,
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis.
M. M. Januschka, S. L. Erlandsen, W. J. Bemrick, D. G.
Schupp, and D. E. Feely. C1988,9p EPA/600/J-88/
115
Grant EPA-R-811834
Pub. in Jnl. of Parasitology, v74 n3 p452-458 Jun 88.
Prepared in cooperation with Nebraska Univ. Medical
Center, Lincoln. Dept. of Oral Biology and Basic Sci-
ence. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Cysts of the genus Spironucleus share many common
morphological features with Giardia cysts including: 2-
4 nuclei, flagellar axonemes, a distinct cyst wall, and
they even display the same immunostaining as Giardia
cysts when labeled with antibodies specific for Giardia
cyst wall. A direct comparison of Spironucleus muris
and Giardia microti cysts has revealed that cysts of S.
muris are significantly smaller than cysts of G. microti.
At the ultrastructural level, the cyst walls are similar in
fibrillar appearance, but the width of the S. muris cyst
wall is significantly less than that of G. microti. The
cysts of s. muris also differ from G. microti in that they
contain a striated rootlet fiber, flagellar sheath, and nu-
merous glycogen rosettes. Characteristic features of
Giardia Include the adhesive disc and median body. Al-
though the cysts of Spironucleus and Giardia are simi-
tar in appearance, these unique morphological fea-
tures can be used to distinguish between the 2 proto-
zoa and should be employed in the detection of Giar-
dia cysts in water samples. (Copyright (c) American
Society of Parasitologys 1988.)
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Protozoa, 'Parasitic in-
testinal diseases, Cysts, immunohistochemistry, Mor-
Phology, Electron microscopy, Identifying, Voles,
eces, 'Giardiasis, Reprints, 'Giardia microti, 'Spiron-
ucleus muris.
PBS9-109358/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Production of Viable 'Qlardla' Cysts In vitro: De-
termination by Fluorogenlc Dye Staining, Excyeta-
tion, and Animal Infectivlty In the Mouse and Mon-
Rollan Qerbll (Journal Version). Journal article,
linnesota Univ., Minneapolis.
D G. Schupp, M. M. Januschka, L. A. F. Sherlock, H.
H Sttbbs, and E. A. Meyer. c1988,13p EPA/600/J-
88/116
Pub. in Gastroenterology, v95 n1 p1-10 Jul 88. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Oregon Univ. Health Sci-
ences Center, Portland. Dept. of Microbiology and Im-
munology, and Washington Univ., Seattle. School of
Public Health and Community Medicine. Sponsored by
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
The purpose of the research was to document the for-
mation of viable Giardia cysts in vitro. Viability staining,
using fluorogenlc dyes that required metabolic conver-
sion for detection, and immunocytochemistiy at the
light microscopic level, provided information on viabili-
ty as well as the identification of antigens that were
similar to those found with in vitro formed cysts. Analy-
sis of cysts formed in vivo and in vitro showed similar
morphological appearances by both light and electron
microscopy. Cysts formed in vitro were capable of es-
tablishing infections in both the mouse and gerbil
models for giardiasis. Trophozoites recovered from
mice experimentally infected with cysts produced in
vitro could be maintained in culture and induced a
second time to form cysts in vitro. The model, for the
production of viable Giardia cysts in vitro, should facili-
tate research on controlling the complete life-cycle of
Giardia outside an animal host. (Copyright (c) 1988 by
the American Gastroenterological Association.)
Keywords: 'Giardiasis, 'Parasitic intestinal diseases,
'Protozoa, 'Giardia, Cultured cells, Cysts, Immunohis-
tochemistry, Moiphology, Electron microscopy, Labo-
ratory animals, Life cycle, Infectivity, Gerbils, Reprints,
'Trophozoites.
PB89-109367/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Lethality and Hepatotoxlclty of Complex Waste
Mixtures (Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. E. Simmons, D. M. DeMarini, and E. Berman. 1988,
15p EPA/600/J-88/117
Pub. in Environmental Research, v46 p74-851988.
Male F344 rats were exposed by gavage to samples of
complex mixtures and evaluated 24 hours later. Seven
of the 10 samples caused death at doses ranging from
1 to 5 ml/kg body wt. Eight of the 10 samples were he-
patotoxic based on histopathologic evaluation: 6 were
centrilobular and 2 were periportal hepatotoxicants.
The waste samples exerted toxicity through different
mechanisms, as indicated by differences in the severi-
ty and lobular location of the tissue damage. With his-
topathological evaluation as the criterion, relative liver
weight was the single best indicator of hepatotoxicity.
Exposure to several of the waste samples increased
serum total bilirubin and serum enzyme activities of al-
anine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase,
lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and or-
nithine carbamyf transferase. As a battery, but not indi-
vidually, the serum indicators separated the 8 hepato-
toxic samples from the 2 nonhepatotoxic samples. In
general, the hepatotoxicity of the waste samples did
not appear to be readily predicted from (partial) chemi-
cal characterization data.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, Chemical analysis, Predictions, Montality,
Exposure, Laboratory animals, Histology, Liver, Organ
weight, Reprints, Liver function tests, Oral administra-
tion.
PB89-10S375/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
In vivo and In vitro Characteristics of Early Car-
cinogen-Induced Premallgnant Phenotypes In Cul-
tured Rat Tracheal Epithelial Cells (Journal Ver-
sion). Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc./Environmental Sciences, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
V. E. Steele, J. T. Arnold, and M. J. Mass. 1986,9p
EPA/600/J-88/135
Contract EPA-68-02-4103
Pub. in Carcinogenesis, v9 n7 pi 121-1127 1988.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The initial stages of neoplastic transformation in respi-
ratory tract epithelial cells were defined and studied by
characterizing a series of morphologically transformed
cell colonies from carcinogen-exposed rat tracheal
epithelial (TRE) cell cultures both in vivo and in vitro.
RTE cells were isolated and exposed to 7,12-
d!methylbenz(a)anthracene on Day 1 for 24 h. Be-
tween bays 26 and 30, single colonies of morohologl-
caliy altered cells were isolated and classified into
three major croups based on cell density. Class II and
III cells exhibited a higher colony forming efficiency
when replated on various substrates. Class III cells ap-
peared to grow better than Class I or II cells under
complete media conditions, while Class I cells grew
better In media without 3T3 conditioning factors. At
early passage levels, the population doubling times
were longer for Class I cells, shorter for Class II cells,
and even shorter for Class III cells. Inoculation of the
three classes of cells into nude mice providing con-
firming evidence of the benign nature of Class I cell
lines, and the malignant nature of some Class II cell
lines and all of the Class III cell lines. (Copyright (c) IRL
Press, Limited.)
Keywords: 'Carcinogens, 'Trachea, Cell morphology,
Epithelium, Cultured cells, Culture media, Laboratory
animals, Reprints, 'Neoplastic cell transformation,
Neoplasm transplantation.
PB89-109458/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 178: Strychnine
Update.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
28 Sep 88,5p EPA/540/FS-88/129
The report contains up-to-date chemical information,
including a summary of the Agency's regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group of
pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the fol-
lowing actions has occurred: issuance/reissuance of a
registration standard: issuance of each special review
document; registration of a significantly changed use
pattern; registration of a new chemical; or an immedi-
ate need for information to resolve controversial
issues relating to a specific chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, 'Toxic substances, 'Strychnine,
'Strychnine sulfate, Path of pollutants, Alkaloids, CAS
57-24-0.
PB89-109466/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 176: Ethephon.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
29 Sep 88,12p EPA/540/FS-88/127
See also PB89-109474.
The report contains up-to-date chemical information,
including a summary of the Agency's regulatory posi-
tion ana rationale, on a specific pesticide or group of
pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the fol-
lowing actions has occurred, issuance/reissuance of a
registration standard; issuance of each special review
document; registration of a significantly changed use
pattern; registration of a new chemical; or an immedi-
ate need for information to resolve controversial
issues relating to a specific chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Growth regulators, Chemical properties.
Regulations, 'Toxicology, Ecology, Agricultural prod-
ucts, 'Pesticides, 'Toxic substances, "Ethephon, Path
of pollutants, Phosphonates, Phosphorus organic
compounds, CAS 16672-87-0.
PB89-109474/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Outdance for the Rereglstration of Pesticide
Products Containing Ethephon as the Active In-
gredient
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
29 Sep 88,126p EPA/540/RS-88/128
See also PB89-109466.
The report contains information regarding the registra-
tion of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The document includes how to register
under a registration standard, regulatory position and
rationale, and summaries of date requirements and
data gaps. Also included is a bibliography containing
citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving at
the positions and conclusions contained in the stand-
ard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chernl
cal properties, Regulations, 'Toxicology, Ecology, Ac
ricultural products, Standards, Labels, Marking, Re
quirements, * Registration, 'Toxic substances, *Eth
ephon, *(2-Chloretnyl)phosphonic acid, Path of pollut
ants, Phosphonic acids, CAS 16672-87-0.
PB89-109482/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Pact Sheet Number 5.2: Terbufoe.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
9 Sep 88,12p EPA/540/FS-88/120
Supersedes PB87-125548. See also PB89-109490.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred: (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard; (2) Issuance of each
special review document; (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern; (4) Registration of a new
chemical; or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Insecticides, Nematocides,
Hazardous materials, Regulations, Standards, Toxicol-
ogy, Ecology, Agriculture products, Exposure, Chemi-
cal properties, 'Toxic substances, *Tert>ufos, Organo-
phosphates, Use patterns, Chemical information fact
sheet, Phosphorodithioic acid/s-(((dimethyl-
ethyl)thio)methyl-diethyl ester), Science findings, Path
of pollutants, CAS 13071-79-9.
PB89-109490/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstration of Pesticide
Product* Containing Terbufos as the Active In-
gredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
9 Sep 88,125p EPA/540/RS-88/121
Supersedes PB84-210335. See also PB89-109482.
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of date requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by tPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Pack-
aging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agriculture prod-
ucts, Public health, Regulations, Ecology, Manufactur-
ing, Toxicology, Tables(Data), Insecticides, Nemato-
cides, Toxic substances, 'Terbufos, Path of pollut-
ants, Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide
... Phosphorodithioic acid/s-(((dimethyl-
ethyl)thio)methyl-diethyl ester), CAS 13071-79-9.
PB89-109607/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Science Advisory Board's Review of the Ethyl-
benzene Health Criteria Document. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
19 Jul 88, 7p SAB-EHC-88-033
See also PB86-117835.
The Drinking Water Subcommittee of the Science Ad-
visory Board's Environmental Health Committee com-
Sleted its review of the Drinking Water Health Criteria
ocument for Ethylbenzene dated March 1987. The
review was conducted February 4-5, 1988, at the
Washington, Circle Hotel in Washington, D.C. The
Subcommittee made the following conclusions and
recommendations: the use of study by Wolf et al is ac-
ceptable in calculating the drinking water equivalent
level, since the proposed drinking water equivalent
level is greater than the odor and taste threshold a
secondary should be set for ethylbenzene, further re-
search is needed regarding interaction with other toxic
such as acrylonitrile and xylene, classifying ethylben-
zene as group D on weight of evidence it sound and
exposure section is incomplete and misleading.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Toxicology, 'Ethyl ben-
zene, Reviews, Public health, Carcinogens, Mutagens,
Water quality, 'Drinking water, 'Water quality criteria,
'Water pollution effects(Humans), 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Water pollution standards, Benzene/
ethyl, Environmental health, Risk assessment.
PB89-109631/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Convulsant Properties of Cyciotrimethylenetrinl-
tramlne (RDX): Spontaneous, Audiogenic, and
Amygdaloid Kindled Seizure Activity (Journal Ver-
sion). Journal article,	_. .
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tnangle
Park NC.
L. J. Burdette, L. L. Cook, and R. S. Dyer. C1988,11p
EPA/600/J-88/092	,
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology v92
0436-444 1988. Prepared in cooperation with Gradu-
ate Hospital, Philadelphia, PA. Dept. of Neurology.
Dose-effect and time course relationships were deter-
mined for the effects of cyclotrimethylemetrinitramine
(RDX) on seizure susceptibility. Male Long Evans rats
treated with 0-60 mg/kg RDX, p.o., were monitored for
spontaneous seizures during an 8 h interval between
dosing and audiogenic (AG) seizure testing. Spontane-
ous and AG seizures were observed at dosages as low
as 10-12.5 mg/kg. Spontaneous seizure incidence
peaked at 2 h for all RDX treatment groups. In con-
trast, AG seizures (37.5 mg/kg) could be elicited only
at 8 and 16 h, despite significant elevation of plasma
RDX concentrations at 2 and 4 h. Because limbic
system involvement was suggested by spontaneous
seizure characteristics, the rate of amygdaloid kindling
was measured following daily treatment with 6.0 mg/
kg. The dosage significantly accelerated kindling de-
velopment without inducing spontaneous seizures or
producing an accumulation of RDX in plasma. These
data provide preliminary evidence that limbic struc-
tures may participate in RDX induced seizure suscepti-
bility. (Copyright (c) 1988 by Academic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: *RDX, 'Toxicity, Laboratory animals, Ex-
plosives, Amygdala, Limbic system, Reprints, Convul-
sants,	Dose-response	relationships,
Kindling(Neurology).
PB89-109649/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Detection of Chemically Induced Aneuploidy by
the 'Vlcla faba' Root Tip Assay (Journal Version).
Journal article,
Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
G. N. Acedo, and S. S. Sandhu.c1988,13p
Contract EPA-68-02-4456
Pub. in Toxicology and Industrial Health, v4 p257-267
1988. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Six chemicals selected for their ability to induce aneu-
ploidy in short-term mammalian bioassays were tested
for their aneuploidy-inducing potential in the Vicia faba
root tip assay system. Para-fluorophenylalanine, grise-
ofulvin, maleic hydrazide, lithium chloride, and cyclo-
phosphamide all induced significant levels of hyperdi-
ploidy in V. faba root tip cells. Lithium chloride and
sodium azide were negative for hyperdiploidy induc-
tion. In addition to the numerical loss or gain in chro-
mosome number, the chemicals induced other specific
chromosomal effects, possibly indicating different
mechanisms by which these chemicals bring about
genomic imbalance. Judging from the low effective an-
euploidy-inducing dose of each chemical, the V. faba
root tip assay system is a sensitive and promising tool
for evaluating the potential of chemicals to induce an-
euploidy.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Lithium chloride, 'Cyclophos-
phamide, 'Sodium azides, Chromosome abnormali-
ties, Fluorine organic compounds, Chlorine organic
compounds, Nitrogen organic compounds, Reprints,
'Aneuploidy, 'Cytogenetics, 'Fluorophenylalanines,
'Griseofulvin, 'Maleic hydrazide, Pyridazinedime/di-
hydro, Phenyl alamine/p-fluoro, Spiro benzfuran cyclo-
hexenedime/chloro-methyl-trimetnoxy, Roots, vlcia
faba, CAS 60-17-3, CAS 126-07-8, CAS 123-33-1,
CAS 7447-41-8, CAS 50-18-0.
PB89-109656/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Analysis of Cyclopentafused Isomers of
Banz(a)anthracene in Wood Smoke (Journal Ver-
sion). Journal article,
North Carolina Univ., Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environmen-
tal Sciences and Engineering.
R. M. Kamens, J. N. Fulcher, L. M. Ball, and A. Gold.
c1987,8p EPA/600/J-87/436
Grants EPA-R-810849, EPA-R-812256
Pub. in Biomedical and Environmental Mass Spec-
trometry, v14 p369-3741987. Sponsored by Health Ef-
fects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A previously-unidentified peak occurring in chromato-
grams of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fraction
from wood smoke particulate extracts analyzed by
capillary gas chromatography on a DB-5 column was
found to correspond in retention index and molecular
mass either to benzo(a)fluoranthene or to
benzo(l)aceanthrylene, one of a series of four novel
and highly mutagenic cyclopentafused isomers of
benz(a)anthracene. Detailed sub-fractionation, and re-
analysis on a liquid crystal capillary column, indicated
that the identity of this peak was most likely to be
benzo(a)fluoranthene, a compound not previously re-
ported in woodsmoke. (Copyright (c) by John Wiley &
Sons, Ltd, 1987.)
Keywords: 'Mutagens, 'Smoke, 'Wood, 'Aromatic
polycyclic hydrocarbons, 'Air pollution, Gas chroma-
tography, Isolation, Fuel combustion, Fluorenes, Mass
spectroscopy, Chemical analysis, Reprints, 'Benzo-
fluoranthene.
PB89-109664/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Genetic Activity Profiles and Pattern Recognition
in Test Battery Selection (Journal Version). Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
M. D. Waters, H. F. Stack, J. R. Rabinowitz, and N. E.
Garrett. C1988,22p EPA/600/J-88/088
Contract EPA-68-02-4031
Pub. in Mutation Research, v205 p119-138 1988.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Computer-generated genetic activity profiles and pair-
wise matching procedures may aid in the selection of
the most appropriate short-term bioassays to be used
in test batteries for the evaluation of the genotoxicity of
a given chemical or group of chemicals. Selection of
test batteries would be based on a quantitative com-
parative assessment of the past performance of simi-
lar tests applied to other chemicals of the same struc-
tural group. Application of the method should further
our understanding of the relationships between chemi-
cal properties and genotoxic responses obtained in
short-term bioassays, and also may contribute to our
knowledge of the mechanisms of complex processes
such as carcinogenesis. The approach to battery se-
lection should be augmented by careful consideration
of established principles of genetic toxicity testing; that
is, a chemical should be evaluated in a battery of tests
representing the full range of relevant genetic end-
points. (Copyright (c) Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.
1988.)
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Mathematical genetics, Muta-
tions, Predictions, Malignant neoplasms, Tests, Haz-
ardous materials, Risk assessment.
PB89-109672/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Genetic Toxicology of Gene-Tox Non-Carcino-
gens (Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianole
Park, NC.	^
M. D. Waters, H. B. Bergman, and S. Nesnow. 1907
47p* EPA/600/J-88/087
Pub. in Mutation Research, v205 p139-1821988.
The Gene-Tox program evaluation of chemicals has
identified 61 chemicals that have been tested In chron-
ic rodent bioassays and found to be inactive. The ge-
netic toxicology data of these 61 non-carcinogensis
reviewed and summarized. The genetic toxicity of 12
chemicals with sufficient data is discussed in detail. A
new technique for the evaluation of multiple test data
the Genetic Activity Profile, has been applied to the
last 6 chemicals, allowing the qualitative and quantita-
tive information to be compared collectively In the
evaluation of the genotoxic effects of these non-car-
cinogens, a number of discrepancies between the re-
sults from genetic toxicity bioassays and chronic
rodent bioassays have been uncovered. These dis-
crepancies are discussed in light of current knowledge
on the strengths and weaknesses of both genetictox-
icity bioassays and chronic rodent bioassays.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Bioassay, 'Carcinogens.
'Genetics, Organic compounds, Laboratory animals!
Chromosome abnormalities, Evaluation, Benzoin Cafl
feine, Ethyl alcohol, Malathion, Maleic hydrazide.
Methotrexate, Phenylene diamines, Reprints *Mu£
genicity tests, Neoplastic cell transformation,' Haiottv
ane, Hycanthone methanesulfonate, NaphthylamirtM
Nitrophenylenediamines, Caprolactam, CAS 11 9-SoIq'
CAS 123-33-1, CAS 106-60-3, CAS 106-60-2. CASsJl
08-2, CAS 64-17-5, CAS 151-67-7, CAS 2325&e^I"
CAS 134-32-7, CAS 99-56-8, CAS 121-75-7. CASsa!
05-01.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB69-109680/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
UN of Computerized Data Ustlnga and Activity
Profile* of Genetic and Related Effecta In the
Review of 195 Compounds (Journal Version).
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
M. D. Waters, H. F. Stack, A. L. Brady, P. H. M.
Lohman, and L. Haroun. C1988,20p EPA/600/J-88/
089
Pub. in Mutation Research, v205 p295-312 1988. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Environmental Health Re-
search and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.,
Leiden Rijksunlversiteit (Netherlands), and Internation-
al Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (France).
Computer-generated listings of data from short-term
tests for genetic and related effects (activity profile list-
ings) were prepared for 195 compounds that included
for each compound: the test system (identified by a
three-letter code word); qualitative results; and the
lowest effective dose (LED) or highest ineffective dose
(HID) tested. A corresponding bar or line graph (activi-
ty profile) also was generated, in which test systems
are displayed along the x-axis and the LED or HID
values along the y-axis. The listings were reviewed and
the data summarized by an IARC Working Group. The
methodology used to generate these listings and plots
is described, and results are given for one compound,
benzene. The entire data base contains approximately
7,000 entries from 4,000 references. (Copyright (c) El-
sevier Science Publishers B.V. 1988.)
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Genetics, Hazardous materials,
Tests, Chemical compounds, Benzene, Predictions,
Tablas(Oata), Computer systems programs, 'Risk as-
sessment.
PBS9-109698/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Estimating Hidden Morbidity via Its Effsct on Mor-
tality and Disability (Journal Version). Journal arti-
cte
Duke Univ., Durham, NC. Center for Demographic
Studies.
M. A. Woodbury, K. G. Manton, A. I. Yashin, and G.
Lowrimore. c1988,14p EPA/600/ J-88/090
Grant EPA-R-811090
Pub. in Statistics in Medicine, v7 p325-336 1988. Pre-
pared in cooperation with International Inst, for Applied
Systems Analysis, Laxenburg (Austria). Sponsored by
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
The applicability of the theory of partially observed
finite state Markov processes to the study of disease,
morbidity, and disability is explored. A method is devel-
oped for the continuous updating of parameter estima-
tion over time in longitudinal studies analogous to
Kalma filtering in continuous valued continuous time
processes. The method builds on Yashin filtering of in-
completely observed finite state Markov processes.
The method of estimation used in maximum likelihood
and the incompletely observed aspect is dealt with by
using missing information principles.
Keywords: 'Epidemiology, 'Morbidity, 'Mortality,
Markov processes, Reprints, 'Chronic disease, 'Dis-
abilities, Maximum likelihood estimation, Risk factors.
PB89-1M706/H8U	PC A03/MF A01
Effect of Ambient Levels of Power-Llne-Frequen-
cy Electric Fields on a Developing Vertebrate
(Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. F. Blackman, D. E. House, S. G. Benane, W. T.
Joines, and R. J. Spiegel. 1988,14p EPA/600/J-88/
081
Pub. in Bioelectromagnetics, v9 p129-1401968.
Fertilized eggs of Gallus domesticus were exposed
continuously during their 21 -day incubation period to
either 50-Hz or 60-Hz sinusoidal electric fields at an
average intensity of 10 Vrms/m. Within 1.5 days after
hatching, the chickens were removed from the appara-
tus ana tested. The test consisted of examining the
effect of 50- or 60-Hz electromagnetic fields at 15.9
Vrms/m and 73 nTrms (in a local geomagnetic field of
38 uT, 85 deg N) on efflux of calcium ions from the
chicken brain. For eggs exposed to 60-Hz electric
fields during incubation, the chicken brains demon-
strated a significant response to 50-Hz fields but not to
60-Hz fields, in agreement with the results from com-
mercially incubated eggs. In contrast, the brains from
chicks exposed during incubation to 50-Hz fields were
not affected by either 50- or 60-Hz fields. These results
demonstrate that exposure of a developing organism
to ambient power-line-frequency electric fields at
levels typically found inside buildings can alter the re-
sponse of brain tissue to radiation-induced calcium-ion
efflux.
Keywords: 'Electric fields, 'Power lines, Chick
embryo, Calcium, Brain, Electromagnetic fields, Re-
prints, 'Fetal development, 'Biological radiation ef-
fects, Biological transport.
PB89-109714/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Association between Health Status and the Per-
formance of Excessively Variable Spirometry
Tests In a Population-Based Study in Six U.S.
Cities (Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
E. A. Eisen, D. W. Dockery, F. E. Speizer, M. E. Fay,
and B. G. Ferris. C1987,9p EPA/600/J-87/438
Pub. in American Review of Respiratory Disease, v136
P1371-1376 1987. Prepared in cooperation with Har-
vard Medical School, Boston, MA. Dept. of Medicine,
and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
The relationship between six chronic respiratory symp-
toms and the inability to perform an acceptable lung
function test (test failure) was examined among 8,390
white adults in six U.S. cities. A total of 141 subjects
were unable to perform such a test The proportion of
subjects with test failure was higher in each symptom
group than in the asymptomatic group. The potential
confounders of age, city of residence, and gender
were found to be associated with test failure. Cigarette
smoking was not a risk factor in the absence of symp-
toms. Adjusted odds ratios for test failure in the pres-
ence of each specific symptom were estimated In lo-
gistic regression models, the results support the re-
vised standards for spirometry. (Copyright (c) Ameri-
can Review of Respiratory Disease 19870
Keywords: 'Respiratory infections, 'Tests, Mortality,
Predictions, Epidemiology, Demography, Regression
analysis, 'Chronic diseases, 'Risk assessment
PB89-109789/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Benzo(a)pyrene Dlol Epoxide I Binds to DNA at
Replication Forks (Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. S. Paules, M. Cordeiro-Stone, M. J. Mass,M. C.
Poirier, and S. H. Yuspa. C1988,8p* EPA/600/ J-88/
068
Pub. in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sci-
ences, v85 p2176-2180 Apr 88. Prepared in coopera-
tion with North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill, and Na-
tional Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD.
The distribution in replication forks of DNA lesions
caused by the treatment of S phase calls with
benzo(a)pyrene-diol-epoxide-1 (BPDE-1) was studied
in synchronized C3H10T1 /2 cells. Sites of carcinogen
modification of DNA were identified by polyclonal
rabbit antibodies that were specific in their recognition
of the deoxyguanosine adduct formed in DNA upon ex-
posure to BPDE-1. The total DNA from S phase calls
treated with 0.5 microgram/ml BPDE-1 for 10 min con-
tained an average of 19 and 30 fmoles of BPDE-1
adduct for microgram of DNA, respectively. Under
these conditions, overall rates of DNA synthesis meas-
ured by the uptake of (3H)thymidlne decreased to 32%
and 13% of control levels, 60 mln after the carcinogen
treatment. DNA replication fork structures with anti-
bodies bound to BPDE-1 adducts were analyzed by
EM. The highest carcinogen binding was found in
close proximity to the fork junction. The proportion of
replication forks that were apparently blocked at the
site of the DNA damage was found to increase with the
amount of replication allowed after carcinogen expo-
sure. The results support the evidence that BPDE-1
adducts block the displacement of replication forks
during DNA synthesis in intact ceils.
Keywords: 'Carcinogens, Cells(Biology), Electron mi-
croscopy, Reprints, Benzopyrene did epoxide, 'DNA
replication, Neoplastic cell transformation, DNA
damage, Benzopyrene/dthydroxy-epoxy-tetrahydro.
Binding sites.
PB89-109797/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Metabolism of Benz(J)aceanthrylene (Cholanthry-
lene) and Benz(l)aceanthrylene by Induced Rat
Liver S9 (Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
S. Nesnow, R. E. Easterling, S. Ellis, R. Watts, and J.
Ross. 1988,11 p EPA/6007J-88/069
Pub. in Cancer Letters, v39 p19-271988.
The metabolites of benz(j)aceanthrylene (B(j)A) and
benz(l)aceanthrylene (B(I)A) produced by incubation
with liver S9 proteins from rats induced with Aroclor-
1254 and phenobarbital have been studied. Aroclor-
1254 and phenobarbital induced rat liver S9 each me-
tabolized B(j)A to trans-B(j)A-1,2-dihydrodiol, B(|)A-
9,10-dihydrodiol, B(j)A-11,12-dihydrodiol, and 10-hy-
droxy-B(j)A. The major metabolite formed (58-60%) by
both induced S9 preparations was trans-B(j)A-1,2-di-
hydrodiol, the cyclopentra-ring dihydrodiol while oxida-
tion at the k-region or the proximal-bay region was
minor. There were no statistical differences in individ-
ual or total B(j)A metabolite rates between the two in-
duced S9 preparations. Both induced S9s produced
similar rates of B(I)A metabolites except for B(l)A-7,8-
dihydrodiol formation which was higher for Aroclor-
1254 induced S9.
Keywords: 'Metabolism, Liver, Laboratory animals,
Enzyme induction, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons,
Benzanthracenes, Reprints, 'Toxic substances, *Ben-
zaceanthrylenes, Cytochrome P-450, Aceanthrylene/
benz.
PB89-109805/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Acute Exposure of the Neonatal Rat to Triethyltin
Results In Persistent Changes In Neurotyplc and
allotypic Proteins (Journal Version). Journal arti-
cie
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. P. O'Callaghan, and D. B. Miller. 22 Sep 87,13p
EPA/600/J-88/074
Pub. in Jnl. of Pharmacology and Experimental Thera-
peutics, v244 n1 p368-378 1988.
Measurements of neuron-specific (neurotypic) and
glia-specific (fliotypic) proteins were used to character-
tee the toxic effects of TET on the developing CNS. Six
proteins, each of which is associated with specific as-
pects of neuronal and glial development, were evaluat-
ed as follows: (1) NF-200, an intermediate filament
protein of the neuronal cytoskeleton; (2) synapsin I, a
synapse-specific, synaptic vesicle localized protein;(3)
p38, another synaptic-vesicle localized protein; (4)
MBP, a protein unique to myelin-forming oligodendrog-
lia: (5) GFAP, the intermediate filament protein of as-
trocytes; and (6) beta-tubulin, a constituent primarily of
neuronal microtubules. The amount of each protein in
homogenates of hippocampus, forebrain and cerebel-
lum, brain regions with different developmental pro-
files, was determined by RIA. TET (3 or 6 mg/kg. i.p.)
on postnatal day 5 caused permanent dose- and
region-dependent decrements in brain weight, with the
hippocampus being the most affected. The effects
were not associated with light microscopic evidence of
cytopathology but were accompanied by large dose-,
time- and region-dependent alterations in all neuroty-
pic and gliotypic proteins evaluated.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Brain, Nerve cells, Hippo-
campus, Laboratory animals, Exposure, Tin organic
compounds, Histology, Cerebellum, Reprints, 'Tnethyl
tin, 'Nerve tissue proteins, Neuroglia, Stannane/Tri-
ethyl, Newborn animals.
PB89-109813/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Do Trtfluorothymldlne-RMistant Mutants of
L5178Y Mouse Lymphoma Cells Re-Express Thy-
midine Kinase Activity Following 5-Azacytidlne
Treatment (Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park. NC.
M. M. Moore, M. L Applegate, and J. C. Hozier. c1988,
9p EPA/600/J-88/075
Pub. in Mutation Research, v207 p77-82 1968. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Florida Inst, of Tech., Mel-
TFT Is an effective selective agent for TK-deftcient mu-
tants of mouse lymphoma cells. Mutants can be classi-
fied by colony size into small colonies (many of which
show readily observable chromosome abnormalities
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
associated with chromosome 11 -the location of the TK
gene) and large colonies (which may represent events
affecting only the expression of the TK gene). The hy-
pomethylating agent 5-azacyidine can be utilized to in-
vestigate the possibility that mutants might be the
result of a suppressed rather than an altered TK gene.
Some of the mutants may be TK deficient due to the
translocation of the TK gene into a chromosomal envi-
ronment precluding the expression (position effect)
rather than actual damage at the TK locus. One mech-
anism for gene inactivation due to position effect might
be transfer of the gene to a region of the chromosome
where the ONA is highly methylated, a condition
known to be associated with inactivation of some
genes. In the studies, 11 mutants have been evaluat-
ed. None of the 11, including 10 small-colony mutants
(6 with chromosome 11 translocations) and t large-
colony mutant, show a high conversion to TK compe-
tency following 5-azacytidine treatment. (Copyright (c)
1988 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.)
Keywords: 'Cell(Biology), Methyiation, Mutations,
Lymphoma, Chromosome abnormalities, Tymidines,
Azo compounds, Nucleosides, Reprints, 'Thymidine
kinase, "Azacytidine, "Gene expression, Triazinone/
amino-ribofuranosyi, Thymidine/trifluono.
PB89-109821/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Mammalian Cell Mutagenesis, Banbury Confer-
ence (Journal Version). Journal article,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Center for Life Sciences and Toxicology.
M. M. Moore, D. M. DeMarini, F. J. de Serres, and K. R.
Tindall. C1988,12p EPA/600/J-88/085
Grant EPA-R-813960
Pub. in Mutation Research, v203 p69-78 1988. Pre-
pared in cooperation with National Inst, of Environ-
mental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
A conference on mammalian cell mutagenesis was
held at the Banbury Center, Cold Spring Harbor, NY,
USA, March 22-25, 1987. The objective of the confer-
ence was to provide a forum for discussions concern-
ing the genetic, biochemical, and molecular basis of in-
duced mutations in standard, and in newly developed,
mammalian mutagenesis assays. The meeting was in-
tended to extend the focus of the Banbury 2 Confer-
ence on Mammalian Cell Mutagenesis to Include
recent developments in commonly used mammalian
cell mutagenesis systems, as well as to provide avail-
able molecular data evaluating the mechanistic path-
ways involved in mutational processes in mammalian
cells. Of particular significance was the presentation of
data that analyzes quantitative differences In observed
radiation and chemical-induced mutant frequencies at
different selectable loci. Such differences have impor-
tant implications in the interpretation and analysis of
data derived from defined mammalian cell specific-
locus assays. (Copyright (c) 1988 Elsevier Science
Publishers B. V.)
Keywords: "Mutations, "Meetings, Cells(Biology),
Mammals, Reprints, 'Mutagenicity tests, Radiation ge-
netics, DNA repair.
PB89-109839/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Selection Delays on Radial Maze Per-
formance: Acquisition and Effects of Scopola-
mine (Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D. B. Peele, and S. P. Baron. C1988,10p EPA/600/J-
88/086
Pub. in Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, v29
n1 p143-150 1988. Prepared in cooperation with Nor-
throp Services, Inc./Environmental Sciences, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The effects of post-selection confinement (delays) on
both the acquisition of performance and the response
to the muscarinic blocker scopolamine were examined
in an automated version of the eight arm radial maze.
Long-Evans rats exposed to post-selection delays of
0.5 sec (n=4) or 100 sec (n=4) during daily training
trials did not differ in either the number of trials to ac-
quire an accurate baseline of performance or in the
amount of time required to obtain all eight food pellets.
However, rats exposed to the 0.5 sec delay typically
selected arms adjacent to arms from which they exited
while rats in the 100 sec delay were more likely to
1170 Vol. 90, No. 24
enter arms 2 removed from the exit arm. In contrast,
rats in the 100 sec delay group showed an enhanced
sensitivity to the accuracy-decreasing effects of sco-
polamine (0.03 to 1.0 mg/kg) as well as an increase in
the time to obtain all eight pellets. The differential
effect of delay value on delta arm scores was also
eliminated in a dosage dependent manner with scopol-
amine. The results indicate that the post-selection
delay procedure is a sensitive and selective test for
chemical-induced dysfunctioning of spatial memory in
rats.
Keywords: 'Scopolamine, 'Memory, "Maze learning,
"Toxicology, Laboratory animals, Belladonna alka-
loids, Cholinergic blocking agents, Reaction time, Re-
prints, Dose-response relationships.
PB89-109847/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effects of Scopolamine on Repeated Acquisition
of Radial-Arm Maze Performance by Rats (Journal
Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D. B. Peele, and S. P. Baron. c1988,18p EPA/600/J-
88/071
Pub. in Jnl. of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior,
v49 p275-290 1988. Prepared in cooperation with Nor-
throp Services, Inc./Environmental Sciences, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Rats repeatedly acquired the performance of selecting
only the four baited arms in an automated eight-arm
radial maze, with the arms containing food pellets ran-
domly assigned prior to each session. During each 14-
trial (trial: obtain all four pellets) daily session, the
number of errors (selecting nonbaited arms or repeat-
ing arm selections) showed a within-session decline,
and choice accuracy for the first four arm selections
showed a positive acceleration across trials for all rats.
An index-of-curvature statistic, calculated for total
errors, was used to quantify both the within- and be-
tween-session improvement of performance. Scopola-
mine (0.03 to 0.3 mg/kg, ip), but not methylscopola-
mine (0.3 mg/kg), reduced the accuracy of the first
four selections of each trial and increased total within-
session errors for all rats. Session times also were in-
creased by scopolamine. An examination of within-
session accuracy showed only slight signs of improve-
ment at the higher dosages of scopolamine. The re-
sults indicate that behavior in transition states main-
tained by reinforcement contingencies in the radial
maze is similar to that maintained by extended chained
schedules, despite the fact that some of the stimuli
controlling behavior in the maze are absent at the
moment behavior is emitted.
Keywords: 'Scopolamine, 'Maze learning, 'Memory,
'Toxicology, Laboratory animals, Belladonna alka-
loids, Cholinergic blocking agents, Reprints,
Discrimination(Psychology), Dose-response relation-
ships.
PB89-109854/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Comparative Hepatotoxlclty of Inhaled Cadmium
Chloride and Cadmium Oxide (Journal Version).
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
E. C. Grose, J. H. Richards, R. H. Jaskot, M. G.
Menache, and J. A. Graham. c1987,11 p EPA/600/J-
87/426
Pub. in Jnl. of the American College of Toxicology, v6
n4 p451-459 Oct 87. Prepared in cooperation with Nor-
throp Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC., and
North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh.
The purpose of the study was to determine the toxicity
of inhaled cadmium (Cd) on hepatic biochemical func-
tion. Male rats and rabbits were exposed for 2 hr to
concentrations of 0.25, 0,45, and 4.5 mg Cd/cu m.
Xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, serum and liver en-
zymes, and histological changes were studied. Expo-
sure to 4.5 mg/cu m CdCI2 and CdO resulted in an in-
crease of liver Cd content in both rat and rabbit. Fol-
lowing exposure to 4.5 mg/cu m CdCI2, decreases in
body and liver weight, and decreased activities of glu-
tathione (GSH)-reductase, GSH-peroxIdase, and glu-
coses-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) were
observed in rat liver. Exposure to a similar concentra-
tion of CdO caused decreased liver activities of GSH-
reductase and peroxidase, G-6-PDH. The 0.45 mg/cu
m exposure to CdCI2, collectively produced more he-
patic effects in both rat and rabbit than did a similar ex-
posure to CdO. The differential response was probably
due to a more rapid clearance of CdCI2 or Cd+2 ions
from the lung and transport to the liver via the systemic
blood circulation as compared to CdO.
Keywords: "Toxicity, Cadmium inorganic compounds,
Liver, Respiration, Laboratory animals, Exposure, Aer-
osols, Enzymes, Histology, Reprints, "Cadmium chlo-
ride, "Cadmium oxide.
PB89-109862/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pulmonary Alterations In Rats Due to Acute Phos-
gene Inhalation (Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
W. D. Currie, G. E. Hatch, and M. F. Frosolono. c1987
10p EPA/600/J-87/427
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, v8 p107-
114 1987. Prepared in cooperation with Duke Univ.,
Durham, NC., and Burroughs Wellcome Co., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
The study evaluated the relationship between low-
level phosgene (COCI2) exposure and pulmonary
change or damage. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were
exposed to phosgene for 4 hr at concentrations of
0.125 to 1.0 ppm (30, 60, 120 and 240 ppm min). Sig-
nificant changes in lung weights (wet and dry) were ob-
served following exposure to 120 and 240 ppm min
phosgene and the LFP was significantly altered at 60
ppm min. The changes in lung wet and lung dry weight
pooled over all times and phosgene concentrations in
each correlated significantly witn the change in LFP in-
duced by phosgene. The total number of cells in the
lavage fluid of phosgene-exposed rats was increased,
and the most sensitive cellular indicator of phosgene
inhalation was the increase in the percentage of poly-
morphonuclear leukocytes (PMNS). The results con-
firm that LFP concentration and cellular differentials
are an index of lung damage due to phosgene. A dose-
response relationship for the measured parameters
was observed. Over the dosage range studied, the
return of all measured parameters to near control
levels within 3 days following exposure showed the
pulmonary damage was reversible or rapidly reparable.
(Copyright (c) 1987 by The Society of Toxicology.)
Keywords: 'Phosgene, 'Toxicity, Chlorine organic
compounds, Lung, Laboratory animals, Exposure,
Respiration, Proteins, Reprints, Neutrophils, Bron-
choalveolar lavage fluid.
PB89-109870/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
Lack of Effect of Low Levels of Carboxyhemoglo-
bin on Cardiovascular Function In Patients with Is-
chemic Heart Disease (Journal Version). Journal
article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
D. S. Sheps. C1987,11p EPA/600/J-87/428
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, v42 p108-
116 Mar/Apr 87. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Thirty patients 38-75 years of age who had ischemic
heart disease were studied to assess the effect of
acute elevation of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) con-
centration. After an initial familiarization and exercise
session patients were exposed to air (carboxyhemog-
lobin (COHb) = 1.5 + 0.05%) and to carbon monox-
ide (CO) (100 ppm-CIHb-average = 3.8 + 0.1%) on
successive days in a double blind, randomized fashion
There was no significant difference in time to onset of
angina (air = 312, CO = 306 sec), maximal exercise
time (air = 711 sec, CO = 702 sec) maximal ST de-
pression (1.5 min for both), or time to significant ST de-
pression (air = 474 sec, CO = 475 sec). Double prod-
uct at ST depression and maximal double products
were similar for both conditions. Resting ejection frac-
tion was slightly but nonsignificantly higher after CO
exposure (air = 53.9%, CO = 55.2%) Maximal elec-
tion fraction was similar for both conditions (air »
57.4%, CO = 57.1 %). Change in ejection fraction was
slightly lower for CO exposure (air - 3.5%, co =.
2%), p = .049. In conclusion, there is no clinically sig-
nificant effect of 3.8% COHb (representing a 2.2%|n-
crease from resting values) on the cardiovascular
system in the study.
Keywords: 'Carbon monoxide, "Toxidtv
Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Exercise
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
nary disease, "Carboxyhemoglobin, "Air pollution
effects(Human).
PB89-109888/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hyperactivity Induced by Triadimefon, a Trlazole
Fungicide (Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
K. M. Crofton, V. M. Boncek, and L. W. Reiter. c1988,
9p EPA/600/J-88/070
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, v10
p459-465 1988. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop
Services, Inc./Environmental Sciences, Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Triadimefon is an agriculturally important triazole fungi-
cide. Experiments were conducted to characterize the
behavioral toxicity of triadimefon using a measure of
motor activity. Male Long Evans hooded rats, approxi-
mately 70 days old, received triadimefon po in 2.0 ml/
kg corn oil. Motor activity testing was conducted for 1
hr in figure-eight mazes. For the dosage-effect deter-
mination triadimefon (50-400 mg/kg) was adminis-
tered 1 hr prior to testing. In the time-course study, tria-
dimefon (200 mg/kg) was administered either 0.5,1,2,
4, 8, or 24 hr prior to testing. In the repeated dosing ex-
periment animals received triadimefon (100 mg/kg)
daily for seven days and were tested 24 hr after the
last exposure. Triadimefon produced significant hyper-
activity following dosages of 100 and 200 mg/kg. The
hyperactivity was rapid in both onset (0.5 hr) and re-
covery (8.0 hr). Repeated dosing with 100 mg/kg/day
revealed no cumulative effects nor tolerance. The re-
sults indicate that triadimefon produces a transient hy-
peractivity at dosages 17 to 33% of the reported LD50.
(Copyright (c) 1988 by The Society of Toxicology.)
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Fungicides, 'Triazoies, Animal
behavior, Laboratory animals, Nitrogen heterocyclic
compounds, Chlorine organic compounds, Reprints,
'Triadimefon, Dose-response relationships, Butan-
one/chlorophenoxy-dimethyl-triazolyl, CAS 43121-43-
3, Motor activity.
PB89-109896/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Pulmonary Response to Threshold Levels of
Sulfur Dioxide (1.0 ppm) and Ozone (0.3 ppm)
(Journal Version). Journal article,
California Univ., Santa Barbara, inst. of Environmental
Stress.
L. J. Folinsbee. J. F. Bedi, and S. M. Horvath. c1985,
7d EPA/600/J-85/540
Grant EPA-R-807890
Pub. in Jnl. of Applied Physiology, v58 n6 p1783-1787
1985. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
The authors exposed 22 healthy adult non-smoking
men for 2 hours to either filtered air, 1.0 ppm sulfur di-
oxide, 0.30 ppm ozone or the combination of 1.0 ppm
sulfur dioxide plus 0.30 ppm ozone. It was hypoth-
esized that exposure to near threshold concentrations
of these pollutants would show any interaction be-
tween the two pollutants that might have been masked
by the more obvious response to the higher concentra-
tions of ozone used in previous studies. Each subject
alternated 30-minute treadmill exercise with 10-minute
rest periods for the 2 hours. Following ozone exposure
alone, forced expiratory measurements (FVC, FEV-1,
and FEF25-75%) were significantly decreased. The
combined exposure to S02 plus 03 produced similar
but smaller decreases in these measures. There were
small but significant differences between the ozone
and the ozone plus sulfur dioxide exposure for FVC,
FEV-1 ,-2,-3, and FEF25-75% at the end of the 2 hour
exposure. It was concluded that, with these pollutant
concentrations, there is no additive or synergistic
effect of the two pollutants on pulmonary function.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Ozone, 'Sulfur dioxide, Respira-
tion, Concentration(Composition), Exercise, Sulfur in-
organic compounds. Reprints, 'Air pollution
tffects(Humans), Respiratory function tests.
PM9-10M20/HSU	„ PCA12/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Characterization and Laboratory Soil Treatability
Studies for Creosote and Pentachlorophenol
Sludges and Contaminated Soil. Rept. for Oct 87-
Jun 88,
Mississippi Forest Products Utilization Lab., Mississip-
pi State.
G. D. McGinnis, H. Boraziani, L. K. McFarland, D. F.
Pope, and D. A. Strobel. Sep 88,251p EPA/600/2-88/
055
Grant EPA-R-811498
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
Information is presented from characterization and
laboratory treatability phases of a 3-phase study per-
taining to on-site treatability potential of soils contain-
ing hazardous constituents from wood-treatment
waste. Specific information includes: (1) literature as-
sessment of soil treatability potential for wood treating
chemicals: (2) sludge/soil characterization data for a
wood treating sites; and (3) degradation/toxicity data
for wood treating chemicals in soils from 4 sites. Each
sludge characterized contained the PAH constituents;
relative concentrations of individual compounds varied
among sludges. PCP sludges contained PCP, OCCD,
and traces of hepta/hexa dioxins and corresponding
furans. PAH's with 2 rings generally exhibited half lives
< 10 days; 3-ring PAH's generally exhibited longer
half lives; less than 100 days. Four or five-ring PAH's
exhibited half lives equal to or greater than 100 days.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Cleanup operations,
Creosote, Wood preservatives, Land pollution, Soils,
Toxicology, Sludges, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocar-
bons, Risk assessment, Pentachlorophenol, Chlorinat-
ed biphenyls.
PB89-110035/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Follow-Up Alpha-Track Monitoring In 40 Eastern
Pennsylvania Houses with Indoor Radon Reduc-
tion Systems (Winter 1987-88). Final rept. Dec 87-
May 88,
American ATCON, Inc., Wilmington, DE.
A. G. Scott, and A. Robertson. Sep 88,24p EPA/600/
8-88/098
See also PB88-156617. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report gives results of follow-up alpha-track detec-
tor (ATD) measurements. The systems involved some
form of active soil ventilation, although three involved
heat recovery ventilators and two included carbon fil-
ters for removing radon from well water. The reduction
in indoor radon concentration achieved in each house
was described in an earlier report. The purpose of the
ATD measurements was to determine how well the
radon reduction performance of the systems was
being maintained. The ATD measurements were
scheduled to assess system performance when cold
weather would be giving the systems a significant chal-
lenge. These 1987-88 ATD results are compared with
post-mitigation ATD measurements during the previ-
ous winter (1986-87), and with ATD measurements
made prior to the installation of the radon reduction
systems. Of the 34 houses where radon mitigation was
in operation during the entire measurement period, the
radon levels measured In 1988 compared well with
those measured in 1987 in all but one house, indicating
no significant degradation in system performance: in
House 10, levels had increased 50-70 percent from
1987 with no apparent reason.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Radon, 'Radioac-
tive contaminants, Ventilation, Residential buildings,
Monitors, Measurement, Soils, Alpha particles, Filters,
Activated carbon, Water wells, Indoor air pollution, Soil
gas, Stationary sources.
PB89-110118/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Engineering Assessment of EDB (Ethylene Dibro-
mide) Pesticide Destruction Technologies,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
S. H. Ambekar, and B. A. Laseke. Sep 88,149p EPA/
600/2-88/056
Contract EPA-68-03-3389
Sponsored bv Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The project covered by the report involved an engi-
neering evaluation of the suitability of various available
technologies for the destruction of ethylene dibromide
pesticides. The study highlighted the technical merits
and shortcomings, safety, cost, and total time require-
ment for each of the alternatives considered. Both
thermal and chemical destruction options were consid-
ered. Evaluation criteria were developed so that the
different options could be compared on a common
basis. Information was collected on each candidate
process, and benchscaie tests of the chemical meth-
ods were conducted. A test burn was made at a com-
mercial facility to determine the effectiveness of one of
the incineration options. Only preliminary process cal-
culations and cost estimates were developed for these
processes. Based on the results of the study, inciner-
ation in the presence of sulfur dioxide appears to be
the best alternative for the safe, effective, rapid, and
economical destruction of the ethylene dibromide pes-
ticides.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Waste disposal, 'Inciner-
ators, Performance evaluation, Design criteria, 'Haz-
ardous substances, 'Ethylene dibromide, *1,2-Dibro-
moethane.
PB89-110126/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Manganese Dioxide Coated Filters for Removing
Radium from Drinking Water. Rept. for 19 Sep 83-1
Sep 87,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
M. Y. Menetrez, D. G. Anderson, and E. P. Stahel. Sep
88,110p EPA/600/2-88/057
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
Research was performed using manganese dioxide
(Mn02) to demonstrate that above pH3 cations are ad-
sorbed from solution in the order of their affinity, and
that the interaction is characterized by the pH depend-
ence of the metal. The relationship of the zero point
charge of pH and the solution ionic strength effects on
intenacial surface potential and adsorption have been
addressed. Characteristics of Mn02 behavior, struc-
ture, and stability found in research investigation were
reviewed. Most of the study was on the use of Mn02
coated filters for the removal of radium. A few compari-
son tests on radium removal with ion exchange were
also made. Specifically, these tests have shown that
acrylic fiber filters coated with Mn02 will remove
radium from water. For a high hardness water with pH
= 7.4, total radium removal was 14,200 pCi/g Mn02
before the MCL of 5 pCi/L was exceeded, and for a
low hardness water with pH = 4.5, total radium remov-
al was 5000 pCi/g Mn02 before the MCL of 5 pCi/L
was exceeded. Hardness passed through the Mn02
filters with little change and therefore radium was
highly preferred over hardness. A step by step process
for the preparation of acrylic fiber filters coated with
Mn02 was designed and operated successfully.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Radium isotopes, 'Man-
ganese oxides, 'Water treatment, Coatings, Filtration,
pH, Adsorbents, Decontamination, Acrylic fibers, Cal-
cium inorganic compounds.
PB89-110134/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption with On-
Site Infrared Furnace Reactivation. Final rept.,
Jefferson Parish Dept. of Public Utilities, LA.
W. E. Koffskey. Sep 88,178p EPA/600/2-88/058
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The costs associated with the design, construction,
operation, and maintenance of three 1 million gallons
per day (mgd) granular activated carbon (GAC) pres-
sure contractors and reactivation system were evalu-
ated over a 2.4 year operational period. The reactiva-
tion system was comprised of a Shirco infrared reacti-
vation furnace, three GAC storage tanks, and a water
slurry GAC transport system. Operation and mainte-
nance costs, excluding amortized capital costs, were
determined to be 20 cents/lb of reactivated GAC or 14
cents/1,000 gal of treated water. Adsorption perform-
ance of the reactivated GAC was equal to or greater
than that of virgin GAC for all parameters monitored.
The GAC loss observed during reactivation averaged
8.6% and was comprised of 7.1% reactivation loss
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
and 1.5% transport loss. The effluent streams of the
infrared reactivation furnace were examined for the
presence of poiychlorinated dibenzodioxins and poly-
chlorinated dibenzofurans. While trace levels of some
of these substances were observed, a risk assess-
ment indicated a maximum life time risk of three in 1
billion for the existing facility.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Activated carbon treat-
ment, Water pollution, Water quality, Water analysis,
Infrared furnace reactivation, US EPA.
PB89-110142	Not available NTIS
Indoor Air Sampling and Mutagenicity Studies of
Emissions from Unvsntsd Coal Combustion (Jour-
nal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. L. Mumford, D. B. Harris, K. Williams, J. C. Chuang,
and M. Cooke. C1987, 6p EPA/600/J-87/432
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v21
p308-311 1987. See also PB86-218435. Prepared in
cooperation with Battelle Columbus Div., OH.
The purpose of the study is to develop sampling strate-
gies and bioassay methods for indoor air in homes, the
authors developed a medium-volume sampler to col-
lect the <10 - micrometers particulate matter and se-
mivolatile organics, and used high-volume particulate
sampler for comparison. The percent organic extracta-
ble and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) con-
tent of the filter and XAD-2, as well as the distribution
Of the organic matter, were determined. The mutage-
nicity of the filter and XAD-2 samples was determined
by the Ames Salmonella mutagenesis assay. Most
PAH compounds collected in the XAD-2 resin were
equal to or smaller than 4-ring compounds and had
lower mutagenic activity than the filter sample. Com-
pounds contained in the filter samples included 3- to 7-
ringPAHs, and showed higher mutagenic activity than
XAD-2 samples. The coal combustion emitted both
direct- and indirect-acting mutagens, most of which
were frameshift mutagens. (Copyright (c) 1987 the
American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, Toxicity, Expo-
sure, Inspection, Mutagens, Aromatic polycyclic hydro-
carbons, Bioassays, Combustion products, Samplers,
Reprints, "Toxic substances, 'Indoor air pollution,
Particulate sampling, 'Coal combustion, Houses, Air
sampling, Volatile organic compounds.
PB89-110167/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Must
Contlnus to Monitor Research in the Field of Non-
Ionizing Radiation Research and Provide Techni-
cal Support and Assistance to Other Qovernment
Agencies. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
19 Jul 88,7p* SAB/RAC-88/031
The EPA Science Advisory Board's (SAB) Radiation
Advisory Committee believes EPA must continue to
monitor research in the field of non-ionizing radiation
research and provide technical support and assistance
to other government agencies. In its January 31,1984
report, tne SAB recommended periodic review and
evaluation of new research, a strengthening of in-
house and extramural research, and a continuation of
the Agency's monitoring of ambient levels and its tech-
nical support to other government agencies to assure
compliance with its guidance. Apart from one periodic
review, EPA has carried out none of these recommen-
dations and is unlikely to implement them now despite
renewed nationwide interest in the effects of non-ioniz-
ing radiation as a possible cancer promoter and the im-
minent issuance of a Guidance that is to be implement-
ed by other Federal agencies.
Keywords: 'Radiation hazards, 'Government policies,
Monitoring, Project management, Malignant neo-
plasms, Regulations, Radiation protection laws, US
EPA, Risk assessment.
PB89-110274/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
1172 Vol. 90, No. 24
Performance of Air Stripping and GAC (Granular
Activated Carbon) for SOC (Synthetic Organic
Chemical) and VOC (Volatile Organic Chemical)
Removal from Groundwater. Final rept. Oct 83-Nov
87,
Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton.
D. W.Hand, J. C. Crittenden, J. M. Miller, and J. L.
Gehin. Sep 88,97p EPA/600/J-88/053
Prepared in cooperation with Wausau, Wl. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The study compares the ability and cost effectiveness
of granular activated carbon and packed tower aer-
ation (air stripping) in removing synthetic organic and
volatile organic chemicals (SOCs and VOCs) from a
contaminated groundwater source in Wausau, Wl.
Among the SOCs and VOCs identified and targeted for
removal were cis-1,2-dichloroethene, trichloroethene,
tetrachlorethene, and toluene. A liquid-phase GAC
pilot-plant, full-scale GAS adsorber, and a full-scale air
stripping tower were designed, built, and operated to
provide data so that the process performance could be
evaluated. Extensive laboratory studies were per-
formed. Mathematical models and correlations, for ob-
taining kinetic parameters and single solute isotherm
parameters were developed and tested by comparing
their results to those obtained from the pilot-plant.
Possible surrogate parameters were investigated.
Cost estimates are compared.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Ground water,
Water treatment. Activated carbon treatment, Air pol-
lution control equipment, Performance evaluation,
Synthesis(Chemistry), Pilot plants, Cost effectiveness,
Volatile organic compounds(VOC).
PB89-110282/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Determination and Enhancement of Anaerobic
Dehalogenation: Degradation of Chlorinated Or-
ganics In Aqueous Systems. Summary rept. Oct 83-
Apr 87,
Battelle Columbus Div., OH.
D. T. Palmer, T. G. Linkfield, J. B. Robinson, B. R.
Sharak Genthner, and G. E. Pierce. Sep 88,59p EPA/
600/2-88/054
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The report summarizes initial efforts: to isolate micro-
organisms capable of anaerobic dehalogenation; to
examine the nutritional requirements of dehalogenat-
ing enrichments and a dehatogenating consortium;
and to study the genetics of dehalogenation. Enrich-
ments using secondary anaerobic digestor sludge con-
taining either 3- or 4-chlorobenzoate were established
with a variety of terminal electron acceptors. Degrada-
tion of 4-chlorobenzoate was not observed. Degrada-
tion of 3-chlorobenzoate (3CB) was observed after 10-
23 weeks. Use of a 3CB degrading consortium re-
vealed that the microorganisms capable of benzoate
degradation and methanogenesis were lost but dech-
lorination continued. Genetic studies using a pure cul-
ture of strain DCB-1 found the strain to be suitable for
cloning manipulations.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Chlorine organic
compounds, 'Anaerobic bacteria, Water treatment,
Performance evaluation. Chemical analysis, Bioengin-
eering, Genetics.
PB89-110308/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pulmonaiy Function and Symptom Responses
after 6.8-Hour Exposure to 0.12 ppm Ozone with
Moderate Exercise (Journal Version). Journal arti-
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. J. Folinsbee, D. H. Horstman, and W. F. McDonnell.
C1988,10p EPA/600/J-88/052
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v38
n1 p28-35 Jan 88, Prepared in cooperation with Envi-
ronmental Monitoring and Services, Inc., Chapel Hill,
NC.
Episodes occasionally occur when ambient ozone (03)
levels remain at or near 0.12 ppm for more than 8 h.
The hypothesis that prolonged exposure to 0.12 ppm
03 would result in progressively larger changes In res-
piratory function and symptoms over time was tested.
Ten nonsmoking males (18-35 yr) were exposed once
to clear air (CA) and once to 0.12 pp, 03 for 6.75 h. Ex-
posures consisted of six 50-min exercise periods, each
followed by 10-min rest and measurement; a 45-min
lunch period followed the third exercise period. Exer-
cise ventilation averaged approximately 40 1/min.
Forced expiratory and inspiratory spirometry and respi-
ratory symptoms were measured prior to exposure and
after each exercise. Increases in the symptom ratings
of cough and pain on deep inspiration were observed
with 03 exposure but not with CA. Airway reactivity to
methacholine was approximately doubled following 03
exposure. Spirometry results indicate that prolonged
exposure to 0.12 ppm 03 results in a marked increase
in non-specific airway reactivity and progressive
changes in respiratory function.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Exercise(Physiology), Respira-
tion, Exposure, Methacholines, Toxicology, Reprints,
'Health effects, 'Air pollution effects(Humans), Respi-
ratory function tests, Airway resistance.
PB89-110316/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Prenatal Dlnocap Exposure Alters Swimming Be-
havior in Mice Due to Complete Otolith Agenesis
in the Inner Ear (Journal Version), Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
L. E. Gray, J. M. Rogers, J. S. Ostby, R. J. Kavlock, and
J. M. Ferrell. 1988,10p EPA/600/J-88/056
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v92
p266-273 1988.
Gestational exposure to the fungicide dinocap pro-
duces behavioral abnormalities in the house mouse
that are not apparent at birth but become obvious at
weaning. Torticollis (head-tilting) appears in the treat-
ed offspring of CD-1 mice at three weeks of age and,
during a test of swimming ability, many of the mice sink
below the surface or are unstable and swim on their
side in the water. These behavioral abnormalities are
the result of agenesis of the otoliths In the inner ears.
These behavioral and neurological alterations were
the only developmental defects noted in the 12 mg/
kg/d dosage group. In the group 4.4% of the mice dfe-
played torticollis, 9.2% did not swim normally, 19%
were missing one or more whole otoliths and partial
agenesis of the crystalline material was seen in an ad-
ditional 11.6% of the mice. The frequency of behavior-
al and inner ear defects increased in the higher dosage
group, but the order of sensitivity of the effects did not
change.
Keywords: 'Fungicides, "Toxicity, 'Teratogens,
Animal behavior, Exposure, Pregnancy, Laboratory
animals, Nitrogen organic compounds, Congenital ab-
normalities, Development, Reprints, 'Dinocap, Oto-
lithic membrane, Butenoic acid/isooctyl-(dinitroph«nyt
ester).
PB89-110324/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.	^
Ultrastructural Evidence for the Presence of Bac-
teria, Vlral-Uke Particles, and Mycopfasma-Uke
Organisms Associated with 'GIARDIA spp. (Jour-
nal Version). Journal article,
Nebraska Univ. Medical Center, Lincoln.
D. E. Feely, D. G. Chase, E. L. Hardin, and S. L.
Eriandsen. c1988,11 p EPA/600/J-88/057
Pub. in Jnl. of Protozoology, v35 n1 p151-158 Feb 88
Prepared in cooperation with California Univ., Davis!
School of Medicine, and Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., R*.
search T riangle Park, NC.
Giardia trophozoites and cysts, Isolated from mamma-
lian and avian hosts, were examined by transmission
electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron micros-
copy (SEM), and by fluorescent light microscopy for
the presence of microbial symbionts. Mycroplasma-
like organisms were observed on the surfaces of tro-
phozoites isolated from the prairie vole, laboratory rat
and beaver. Intracellular bacteria were ob8erved bv
TEM in the trophozoites and cysts of G. microti and bv
fluorescence microscopy in trophozoites and cysts of
Giardia spp. isolated from beaver, muskrat, great-blue
heron, and the green heron. Trophozoites of Q. muris
from rat small intestine contained viral-like particles
measuring 60 nm in diameter. These observations
suggest that biological associations between Giardia
spp. and diverse microbes may be more common than
formerly appreciated. It also raises the possibility o»
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Giardia cyst, to other mammalian hosts including man.
(Copyright (c) 1988 by The Society of Protozoologists.)
Keywords: *Giardia, 'Symbiosis, 'Mycoplasma, 'Dis-
ease vectors, Viruses, Electron microscopy, Laborato-
ry animals, Reprints, Microtus ochrogaster, Tropho-
zoites, Cysts, Castor canadensis, Ardea herodias, Bu-
toriedes virescens, Ondatra zibethica, Prairie voles,
Disease reservoirs, Beavers, Herons, Muskrats.
PB89-110332/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Impairment ol Calcium Homeostasis by Hexach-
lorobenzene (HCB) Exposure In Fischer 344 Rats
(Journal Version), Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. E. Andrews, K. D. Courtney, and W. E. Donaldson.
C1988,12p EPA/600/J-88/061
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health,
v23 p311-320 1988. Prepared in cooperation with
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
Human exposure to hexachlorobenzene (HCB) has re-
sulted In demineralization of bone with osteoporosis
resulting. Experiments were undertaken to investigate
the effects of HCB on the homeostatic mechanism of
calcium metabolism. Fischer 344 rats were dosed with
0, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0 or 25.0 mg HCB/kg body weight 5
days/wk for S wks while being fed normal rat diet or vi-
tamin D3 deficient diet. Rats receiving the normal diet
had a dose-related decrease in body weight gain and
increased liver weight when compared to their con-
trols. Serum cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase
(ALT), 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D) and
parathyroid hormone (PTH) were significantly elevated
when compared to control values. In the vitamin D3
deficient diet group, there was a dose related increase
in liver weight, liver-to-body-weight ratio and kidney-to-
body-weight ratio. Serum cholesterol and 1,25-(OH)2D
were significantly elevated. The data indicate that HCB
does affect calcium metabolism by altering the con-
centrations of two primary controlling factors in calci-
um homeostasis. (Copyright (c) 1988 by Hemisphere
Publishing Corporation.)
Keywords: 'Calcium metabolism disorders, 'Toxicity,
'Calcltrlol, Homeostasis, Cholesterol, Liver, Chlorohy-
drocarbons, Laboratory animals, Kidney, Parathyroid
hormone, Reprints, 'Hexachlorobenzene, Alanine
aminotransferase, Benzene/hexachloro, Vitamin D
deficiency, Body weight.
PB9S-110340/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Reactivities of Acrylic and Msthacrylic Add* In a
NuotoopMllc Addition Model of Their Biological
Activity (Journal Veralon). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. Osman, K. Namboodlrl, H. Weinstein, and J. R.
Rabinowitz. 1988,9p EPA/600/J-88/062
Pub. in Jnl. of the American Chemical Society, vl 10 n6
p1701 -1707 Mar 88. Prepared in cooperation wtth
Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York.
The reactivities of derivatives of acrylic and methaciyl-
ic acid (AA and MAA) in Michael reactions of nucleo-
phWc addition that have been proposed as the underly-
ing mechanisms for the toxicity of such compounds
are evaluated from a study of the mechanism of addi-
tion of a nucleophile, fluoride ion, to the activated
double bonds. The differences in the molecular prop-
erties of AA and MAA that account for the differences
in the structure and energy of the resulting carbanions,
are calculated with ab-initio methods of quantum
chemistry. Based on a detailed analysis of the structur-
al and electronic changes that occur during the Inter-
action with the nucleopniie, the greater stabilization of
the carbanion from AA is attributed to specific differ-
ences in the properties of the isolated molecules. On
this basis, it is possible to identify some discriminant
reactivity criteria that are based on the properties of
the isolated AA and MAA molecules. Analysis of the
results can be used to generate parameters for struc-
ture-reactivity correlations to predict the reactivity of
related compounds. Useful tools for predicting the tox-
icity of untested compounds in the series are thus ob-
tainable.
Keywords: 'Chemical reactions, "Methacryllc aold,
'Acrylic acids, 'Toxicology, Fluorlnation, Carbanions,
Fluorine organic compounds, Aliphatic acids, Molecu-
lar structure, Quantum chemistry, Reprints, Structure-
activity relationship.
PB89-110357/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Genotoxlclty of Acrylic Acid, Methyl Acrylate,
Ethyl Acrylate, Methyl Methacrylate, and Ethyl
Methacrylate in L5178Y Mouse Lymphoma Cells
(Journal Version). Journal article,
Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
M. M. Moore, A. Amtower, C. L. Doerr, K. H. Brock, and
K. L. Dearfield. C1988,17p EPA/600/J-88/063
Contract EPA-68-02-4031
Pub. in Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis,
v11 p49-63 1988. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A series of monomeric acrylate/methacryiate esters
(methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate,
and ethyl methacrylate) as well as acrylic acid were ex-
amined for genotoxic activity in L5178Y mouse lym-
phoma cells without exogenous activation. All five
compounds induced concentration dependent in-
creases in mutant frequency. Small-colony, TFT-re-
sistant mutants were primarily induced which suggest
that these compounds may act via a clastogenic
mechanism. The prediction was confirmed by the find-
ing that all five compounds produced gross aberra-
tions In mouse lymphoma cells. The two acrylates
were much more potent in their response than acrylic
acid. The two methacrylates required larger quantities
of compound to induce a positive response. The evi-
dence suggests that the genotoxlclty of these com-
pounds is most likely due to a clastogenic mechanism.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Acrylates, 'Methacrylates, 'Mu-
tagens, 'Cytogenetics, Acrylic acids, Carboxylic acids,
Carboxylic acid esters, Lymphomas, Cells(Biology),
Chromosome abnormalities, Reprints, Methyl acrylate,
Ethyl acrylate, Methyl methacrylate, Ethyl methacry-
late, CAS 79-10-7, CAS 96-33-3, CAS 140-88-5, CAS
80-62-6, CAS 97-63-2, Propenoic acid, Propenoic
acid/(methylester), Propenoic acid/jethylester), Pro-
penoic acid/metnyl-(methylester), Propenoic acid/
methyl-(ethylester).
PB89-110366/H8U	PC A02/MF A01
Acute Exposures to p-Xylene and Toluene Alter
Visual Information Processing (Journal Version).
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. S. Dyer, M. S. Bercegeay, and L. M. Mayo. 1968,
lOp EPA/600/J-88/064
Pub. in Neurotoxicology and Teratology, vio pi 47-153
1988.
Long-Evans hooded rats were exposed to single
doses of toluene (p.o.) at 0,250,500 and 1000 mg/kg,
to p-xylene (p.o.) at 0, 125, 250, 500,1000 and 2000
mg/kg, and to inhalation of p-xylene for 4 hrs at 0,800
or 1600 ppm. The functional integrity of the visual
system was evaluated using flash-evoked potentials
(FEPs). The data indicated a significant depression in
amplitude of FEP peak N3 at 250 mg/kg and higher
dosages of toluene and p-xylene. A similar depression
in peak N3 amplitude was observed following inhala-
tion exposure to 1600 ppm p-xylene. The effects pro-
duced by oral administration of 500 mg/kg p-xylene or
toluene lasted at least B hr, while the effect of inhaled
p-xylene dissipated within 75 min of removal from the
exposure. FEP peak N3 is presumed to be related to
arousal, such that increase In arousal from a relaxed
state should decrease amplitude. Rats administered
amphetamine in dosages of .6, 1.2 and 2.5 mg/kg
(known to increase arousal) also had reduced N3 am-
plitude. The effects of p-xylene and toluene on FEPs,
while indicative of altered processing of visual informa-
tion, may be secondary to changes Tn arousal or excit-
ability.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Toluene, 'Xylenes, Amphet-
amines, Exposure, Respiration, Aromatic hydrocar-
bons, Laboratory animals. Arousal, Reprints, 'Visual
cortex, Oral administration, Visual evoked potentials.
PBS9-110373/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Electrostatic Potentials of Some DU>enzo-p-Dlox-
Ins In Relation to Their Biological Activities (Jour-
nal Version). Journal article,
New Orleans Univ., LA. Dept. of Chemistry.
J. S. Murray, and P. Politzer. c1987,13p EPA/600/J-
Pub. in Theoretica Chimica Acta, v72 p507-517 1987.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
A computational analysis of the electrostatic potentials
of eight halogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins has been car-
ried out at the ab initio SCF STO-5G level. It focuses
upon the relationships between these potentials and
the biological activities of the molecules, including tox-
icity, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction and re-
ceptor binding. In general, regions of negative poten-
tial are founcf to be associated with the oxygens and
with the halogen substituents. Biological activity ap-
pears to be related to the presence of an optimum
range of negative potentials above the lateral portions
of the molecules in conjunction with a weakening of
those near the oxygens. (Copyright (c) Springer-
Verlag, 1987.)
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Herbicides, 'Electric potential,
'Electrostatics, Chlorine organic compounds, Fluorine
organic compounds, Oxygen heterocyclic compounds,
Molecular structure, Reprints, 'Dibenzodioxins, Struc-
ture-activity relationship, Dibenzodioxin/dichloro-di-
fluoro, Dibenzodioxin/cnloro, Dibenzodioxin/dichioro,
Dibenzodioxin/tetrachloro, Dibenzodioxin/trichloro,
Enzyme induction, Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylases,
Receptors(Physiology).
PB89-110381/HSU	PC A04/MF AOt
Report to Congress: Solid Waste Disposal in the
United States. Volume 1. Report to the Congress.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Oct 88,68p* EPA/530/SW-88/011
See also PB89-110399 and PB88-242508.
The report presents the results of EPA's study carried
out pursuant to Section 4010 of Subtitle D of RCRA, as
amended by HSWA. The report addresses the land
disposal of all non-hazardous solid waste covered by
the existing Federal Subtitle D criteria (40 CFR Part
257). The adequacy of these Federal criteria as well as
existing State Subtitle D programs is evaluated. The
report Is published in two volumes. Volume I contains
the Executive Summary and presents the conclusions
of the Subtitle D study.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Regulations, National
government, United States, 'Solid Waste Disposal
Act, 'Municipal wastes, 'Solid wastes, US EPA, Land
disposal, Land pollution abatement.
PB89-110399/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Report to Congress: Solid Waste Disposal in the
United States. Volume 2. Rept. to the Congress.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Oct 88,359p* EPA/530/SW-88/011B
See also PB89-110381.
The report presents the results of EPA's study carried
out pursuant to Section 4010 of Subtitle D of RCRA as
amended by the 1984 HSWA. The report addresses
the land disposal of all non-hazardous solid waste cov-
ered by the existing Federal Subtitle D criteria (40 CFR
Part 257). The adequacy of these Federal criteria and
existing State Subtitle D programs is evaluated.
Volume II summarizes the data collected during the
study and used to support the findings and recommen-
dations presented in Volume I. Volume II discusses the
background of Subtitle D of RCRA, the study method-
ology, the data collection projects, Subtitle D wastes,
Subtitle D facilities and Subtitle D State programs.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Regulations, National
government, United States, 'Solid Waste Disposal
Act, 'Municipal wastes, 'Solid wastes, US EPA, Land
disposal, Land pollution abatement.
PB89-110415/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Electrophysiological Measures of Visual and Audi-
tory Function at Indices of Neurotoxicity (Journal
Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D. Otto, K. Hudnell, W. Boyes, R. Janssen, and R.
Dyer. 1988,14pEPA/600/D-88/079
Pub. in Toxicology, v49 p205-2181988.
The application of auditory and visual evoked potential
(VEP) to neurotoxicity testing of humans and animals
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
is reviewed. VEPs elicited by flash, reversing-checker-
board patterns, and sine wave grating are described.
The flash evoked potential in rats is altered by expo-
sure to many heavy metals, pesticides and solvents.
The brainstem auditory evoked potential also appears
to be sensitive to neurotoxic chemicals, but the evi-
dence available is limited. The homology of auditory
and visual evoked potentials in rats and humans is
useful for cross-species extrapolation in neurotoxico-
logy research.
Keywords: "Electrophysiology, 'Visual evoked poten-
tials, "Auditory evoked potentials, "Toxicity, 'Nervous
system, Humans, Laboratory animals, Brain stem, Re-
prints.
PB89-110423	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Investigation of Hydroxyl Radical Reactions with
o-Xylene and m-Xylene In a Continuous Stirred
Tank Reactor (Journal Version), Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
M. W. Grey, D. L. Fox, R. M. Kamens, and L.
StOCkburaer. C1987,13pEPA/600/J-87/444
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v21
n4 p339-348 Apr 87. Prepared in cooperation with Sys-
tems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
The gas phase reactions of hydroxyl radicals with o-
Xylene and m-Xylene were studied in a continuous
stirred tank reactor. Gas and aerosol products ac-
counted for 65 to 85 percent of the reacted carbon.
Approximately 19 and 10 percent of the original o-
Xylene and m-Xylene oxidation occurred through
methyl hydrogen abstraction by OH, primarily leading
to methylbenzyl nitrates and tolualdehydes. The re-
maining mass reacted through the OH addition path-
way forming dimethylphenols, nitro-dimethylphenols,
nitroxylenes and stable products resulting from further
reaction of metastable 02-OH-adducts (including
alpha-dicarbonyls, methyl-p-benzoquinones, CO and
formaldehyde). For o-Xyfene the ratio of reaction rate
constants for formation of nitroxylenes versus dimeth-
ylphenols was estimated to be 59,000, while the same
value for m-xylene was only about 10,000. The ratios
of the dimethylphenol formation rates to the effective
oxygen addition rates were found to be greater than or
equal to 0.15 for o-Xylene and 0.27 for m-Xylene.
These vary significantly from the approximations used
in current photochemical kinetics models.
Keywords: 'Xylenes, 'Air pollution, 'Hydroxyl radicals,
Photochemical reactions, 'Smog, Aromatic monocy-
clic hydrocarbons, Reaction kinetics, Phenols, Formal-
dehyde, Nltro compounds, Gases, Ultraviolet radiation,
Nitrous acid, Reprints.
5B8S:11J?i31	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.	a
Combined Effect of Ozone and Sulfuric Acid on
Pulmonary Function In Man (Journal Version).
Journal article,
California Univ., Santa Barbara. Inst, of Environmental
Stress.
S. M. Horvath, L. J. Folinsbee, and J. F. Bedi. 1987,7p
EPA/600/J-87/441
Grant EPA-R-807890
Pub. in American industrial Hygiene Association Jnl.,
v48 n2 p94-98 1 987. Prepared in cooperation with En-
vironmental Monitoring and Services, Inc., Chapel Hill,
NC. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
A potential synergistic effect of ozone and sulfuric acid
mist (H2S04) on respiratory function has been postu-
lated for humans exposed to these two pollutants si-
multaneously. Nine young men were exposed to 0.25
ppm ozone (03), 1200-1600 mcg/cu m sulfuric acid
aerosol (H2S04), and the combination of 03 and
H2S04. During the 2-h exposures, the subjects exer-
cised (ventilation = 30 liters/min) three times for 20
min each. Air temperature was 35 deg C and relative
humidity 83%. Pulmonary function changes after ex-
posure to ozone alone were not expected and were
not demonstrated. Had a synergism between 03 and
H2S04 occurred, pulmonary function responses
would have been anticipated following the combina-
tion exposure but no significant changes were seen, it
is concluded that ozone and sulfuric acid aerosol do
not act synergistically in persons with 'normal' lung
function to produce greater effects than either sub-
stance alone.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Ozone, 'Sulfuric acid, Tox-
icity, Humans, Respiratory function tests, Exposure,
Respiration, Aerosols, Temperature, Humidity, Re-
prints.
PB89-110449	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Ozone Induced Hematological Changes in Mouse
Strains with Differential Levels of Erythrocyte G-
a-PD Activity and Vitamin E Status (Journal Ver-
sion). Journal article,
Massachusetts Univ., Amherst.
E. J. Calabrese, G. S. Moore, and R. Grinberg-Funes.
c1985,11 p EPA-600/J-85/537
Grant EPA-R-805797
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology
and Oncology, v6 n2 p283-291 1985. Sponsored by
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
A single short term in vivo exposure (6 hr) to 03 (i.e.,
0.3,0.9,1.5 ppm) markedly affected several hematolo-
gical parameters in males of two mouse strains (C57L/
J and A/J) reared on either a vitamin E normal or defi-
cient diet. Of particular significance is that at the
lowest concentration employed (i.e., 0.3 ppm), 03 in-
duced marked decreases in red cell ACHE and in-
creases in heinz body formation and osmotic fragility in
both mouse strains regardless of diet type. Although
the two mouse strains markedly differ in the RBC G-6-
PD activity, they did not consistently differ in re-
sponses to 03 exposure. (Copyright (c) 1985 by
Chem-Orbital.)
Keywords: "Toxicity, 'Ozone, 'Tocopherol, Acetylcho-
linesterase, Laboratory animals, Vitamin deficiencies,
Concentration(Composition), Erythrocytes, Reprints,
'Glucosephosphate dehydrogenase.
Not available NTIS
Lab., Research Triangle
PB89-110456
Health Effects Research
Park, NC.
Mycobacteria In Public Water Supplies: Compara-
tive Resistance to Chlorine (Journal Version).
Journal article,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Dept. of An-
aesthesia.
P. A. Pelletier, G. C. du Moulin, and K. D. Stottmeier.
C1988,5p EPA/600/J-88/128
Grant EPA-R-812787
Pub. In Microbiological Sciences, v5 n5 p147-148 May
88. Prepared in cooperation with Boston Univ., MA.
School of Medicine. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The isolation of mycobacteria from municipal and hos-
pital water supplies prompted an investigation of the
susceptibility of environmental and clinical isolates of
mycobacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis
and Mycobacterium bovis to free chlorine. Experi-
ments revealed that free chlorine concentrations of 1.0
mg/l eliminated 100,000 c.f.u. of the mycobacterial
strains tested within 8 hours of exposure, whereas a
concentration of 0.15 mg/l had virtually no bacterioci-
dal effect. Free chlorine residual levels of 0.1 mg/l or
less, depending on the water temperature within
Boston, suggest that current disinfection procedures
may not be adequate for effective control of potentially
pathogenic mycobacteria in public water supply sys-
tems serving a population with increased risk factors.
Keywords'. 'Chlorine, 'Mycobacterium, 'Water treat-
ment, Microorganism control(Water), Sanitary engi-
neering, Potable water, Concentration(Composition),
Resistance, Bacteria, Reprints, 'Waterborne dis-
eases, 'Water pollution control.
PB69-110464	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Flow Injection Analysis of Trace Hydrogen Perox-
ide Using an immobilized Enzyme Reactor (Jour-
nal Version). Journal article,
Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock. Dept. of Chemistry and
Biochemistry.
H. Hwang, and P. K. Dasgupta. C1986,14p EPA/800/
J-85/538
Grant EPA-R-812366
Pub. in Mikrochimica Acta, v3 n1-2 p77-87 1985.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
Sub-parts per billion (ppb) levels of aqueous hydrogen
peroxide have been determined with a flow injection
analysis system employing a single bead string reactor
composed of horseradish peroxidase covalently
bound to an aminated macroporous polymeric absorb-
ent with glutaraldehyde and a passive cation exchange
membrane reactor to alter pH. The chemistry relies on
the peroxidase mediated oxidation of nonfluorescent
p-hydroxyphenylacetate to its fluorescent dimer. The
advantage of the system includes rapid throughout
rates (40 samples/h), excellent detection limits (0.3
ppb H202) and large dynamic range of linear response
(1 ppb -1 ppm). However, the immobilized enzyme is
not useful for the analysis of organic peroxides which
act as inhibitors. (Copyright (c) Springer-Verlag, 1986.)
Keywords: 'Hydrogen peroxide, 'Chemical analysis,
'Membranes, 'Enzymes, 'Chemical reactors, Per-
formance evaluation, Fluorescence, Monitoring, At-
mospheric composition, Cation exchanging, 'Acid pre-
cipitation.
PB89-110472	Not available NTIS
Interspecies Differences In the Stability of Mam-
malian Sperm Nuclei Assessed In vivo by Sperm
Microinjection and In vitro by Flow Cytometry
(Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. D. Perreault, R. R. Barbae, K. H. Elstein, R. M.
Zucker, and C. L. Keefer. c1988,13p EPA/600/J-88/
137
Pub. in Biology of Reproduction, v39 p157-167 1988.
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.
Research Triangle Park, NC., and Georgia Univ.!
Athens. Coll. of Veterinary Medicine.
To assess the structural stability of mammalian sperm
nuclei and make interspecies comparison, sperm
nuclei from six different species were injected into
hamster oocytes. The time course of sperm deconden-
sation varied considerably by species. Male pronuclei
formed in oocytes injected with human, mouse, chin-
chilla, and hamster sperm nuclei, but rarely in oocytes
injected with bull or rat sperm nuclei. However, vtfien
bull sperm nuclei were pretreated with dithiothreitroi
(DDT) in vitro to reduce protamine disulfide bonds prior
to microinjection, they subsequently decondensed and
formed pronuclei in the hamster ooplasm. Condensed
rat spermatid nuclei, which lack disulfide bonds, be-
haved similarly. The same six species of sperm nuclei
were induced to undergo decondensation in vitro by
treatment with DTT and detergent Human sperm
nuclei decondensed the fastest in vitro, followed short-
ly by chinchilla, mouse, and hamster and, after a lag
by rat and bull sperm nuclei. Thus species differences
in sperm nuclear stability exist and appear to be relat-
ed to the extent and/or efficiency of disulfide bonding
in the sperm nuclei, a feature that may, in turn, be de-
termined by the type(s) of sperm nuclear protamine(s)
present. .
Keywords: 'Cell nucleus, 'Reproduction(Biology),
Hamsters, Mammals, Humans, Oocytes, Protamines
Reprints, 'Spermatozoa, Microinjections, Flow cyU>
metry, Species specificity.
PBS9-110480/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Morphometric and Electrophysiological Evidence
for a Diameter-Based Rata of Degeneration in the
Optic Nerve of the Rat (Journal version). Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trtanoia
Park, NC.	®
B. Veronesi, and W. K. Boyes. 1988,16p EPA/600/J-
88/152
Pub. in Experimental Neurology, v101 p176-189 igeg.
The diameter-based rate of degeneration in the rat's
optic nerve was examined using coordinated morpho-
logical and electrophysiological techniques. Lono-
Evans male rats were implanted with indwelling stimu-
lating electrodes in the optic chiasm and recording
electrodes In the stratum opticum of the superior colli,
culus. After one week, enucleation was performed on
one optic nerve with the unoperated side servino a*
the control. In another set of identically treated rats
morphological analysis of the optic nerve over D70I7
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
was performed. A linear regression analysis revealed
an exponential rate of degeneration as a direct func-
tion of axonal diameter, that is the number of fibers.
Keywords: "Morphology, "Electrophysiology, 'Optic
nerve, Laboratory animals, Rats, Deterioration.
PB89-110498/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Mouse Teratogen Dlnocap Has Lower A/D Ratios
and Is Not Teratogenic in the Rat and Hamster
(Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. M. Rogers, B. Barbae, L. M. Burkhead, E. A. Rushin,
and R. J. Kavlock. 1988,10p EPA/600/J-88/153
Pub. in Teratology, v37 p553-559 1988.
The fungicide dinocap is currently used in the control
of powdery mildew. The authors have reported that
dinocap is teratogenic in the CD-1 mouse, causing
cleft palate, otolith defects, and fetal weight deficits
well below maternotoxic dose levels. In the study the
maternal and fetal toxicity of dinocap was determined
in the Sprague-Dawley rat and Syrian golden hamster,
and Adult-to-Developmental (A/D) toxicity ratios were
calculated and compared to the previously established
A/D ratio of dinocap in the mouse. The A/D ratios for
dinocap in the rat and hamster are similar, and are ap-
proximately one. These previous studies have demon-
strated that dinocap is teratogenic in the mouse, with
an A/D ratio in the range of 8-16 in the species. The
basis for the species-specific teratogenicity and Incon-
sistent A/D ratio of dinocap is unknown.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Genetics, Fungi-
cides, Mice, Laboratory animals, Hamsters, Rats, Tox-
icity, Dosage, 'Dinocap, 'Teratogens, Mildew.
PB89-110606/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Significance of the Dilated Renal Pelvis In the Nl-
trofen-Exposed Rat Fetus: Effects on Morphology
and Function (Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. J. Kavlock, B. R. Hoyle, B. F. Rehnberg, and E. H.
Rogers. 1988,12pEPA/600/J-88/154
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v94
p287-2961988.
The fate of the dilated renal pelvis that is induced in
fetal rats following prenatal exposure to nltrofen was
evaluated. Groups of Long Evans rats were exposed
to 0, 6.2S, 12.5 or 25 ma/kg of nitrofen on gestation
days 7-16. Renal morphology of the offspring were de-
termined on gestation day 21 and postnatal week five.
The postnatal cohort was tested at two weeks of age
for their ability to excrete an osmotically concentrated
urine. In addition to confirming the effect on the fetal
papilla, a reduced renal concentrating ability in the
neonate was demonstrated. As was the case with
adriamycin, the poor performance in function test was
associated with permanence of the morphological
effect. By utilizing a standardized semi-quantitative
procedure to describe the status of the kidneys and
ureters during development in combination with physi-
ological assessment of organ performance, it was pos-
sible to assess the morphological and functional de-
velopment of the kidney. It is suggested offspring be
monitored during postnatal development when alter-
ations of the fetal renal papilla are observed In stand-
ard teratology bioassays in order to determine whether
the effect is transient or permanent.
Keywords: 'Herbicides, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicity,
'Kidney pelvis, Pregnancy, Exposure, Nitrogen organ-
ic compounds, Morphology, Kidney functioning tests,
Laboratory animals, Repnnts, 'Teratogens, 'Nltrofen,
Benzene/dichloro-nitrophenoxy.
10514	Not available NTIS
Comparison of CMordlmeform and Carbaryl Using
m Functional Observational Battery (Journal Ver-
sion). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
V C. Moser, J. P. McCormick, J. P. Creason, and R. C.
MacPhall. C1986,19p EPA/600/J-88/155
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, v11
0189-2061988. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop
Services, lnc./Environmental Sciences, Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
The effects of the formamidine pesticide chlordime-
form (CDM), and the carbamate carbaryl (CAR) were
compared using a functional observational battery
(FOB). The FOB, a series of observations and meas-
urements that can be rapidly administered to toxicant-
treated rats, includes home-cage and open-field ob-
servations, neuromuscular ana sensorimotor tests,
and physiological measures. Evaluations were made
according to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
testing guidelines so as to determine dose-, time-, and
sex-related toxicant effects on Long-Evans hooded
rats of both sexes. Both compounds affected general
activity (home-cage and open-field), equilibrium, CNS
excitability, and sensory responsiveness. Whereas
similar decreases were obtained on rearing, gait, and
arousal, there were important qualitative differences in
the effects of CAR and CDM on reactions to handling
and the reflex tests. Thus, the profiles of effect pro-
duced by these two pesticides could be clearly differ-
entiated using the FOB. (Copyright (c) 1988 Society of
Toxicology.)
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Toxicology, Central nervous
system, Muscles, Animal behavior, Autonomic nervous
system, Laboratory animals, Carbamates, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Body weight, Body temperature.
Reprints, 'Carbaryl, 'Chlordimeform, 'Functional ob-
servational battery, Carbanic acid/methyl-(naphthyl-
ester), Formamldine/N-(chloro-tolyl)-N-N-dimethyl,
Psychomotor performance.
PB89-110522	Not available NTIS
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Evaluation of Effects of Ozone Exposure on Influ-
enza Infection in Mice Using Several Indicators of
Susceptibility (Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. J. K. Selgrade, J. W. tiling, D. M. Starnes, A. G.
Stead, and M. G. Menache. c1988,13p EPA/600/ J-
88/146
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, vl1
p169-1801988. Sponsored by Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Mice were exposed to 1 ppm 03, 3hrs/day, for 5 con-
secutive days. A 2-fold increase in % mortality and a 3
day decrease in survival time were observed in mice
infected with influenza virus after the 2nd exposure.
These endpoints were not affected in mice infected
after the 1st, 3rd, 4th, or 5th exposure. 03 had no
effect on virus titers in the lungs of mice infected after
either the 2nd or 5th exposure. The data indicate that
03 had no effect on anti-viral defenses since virus
titers in the lungs were not affected by 03. However,
mortality and morbidity, (lungs wet weights, histopath-
ology and pulmonary function changes) were en-
hanced by 03 exposure in mice infected after the
second exposure suggesting that symptoms due to in-
fection can be enhanced in the absence of enhanced
virus replication, possibly due to synergistic effects of
03 and virus in production of lung pathologic changes.
The fact that effects due to daily repeated exposures
were only observed when infection occurred after the
2nd exposure may be due to adaptation.
Keywords: 'Disease susceptibility, 'Toxicity, 'Ozone,
'Influenza virus, 'Virus diseases, 'Respiratory tract In-
fections, Pathology, Laboratory animals, Mortality, His-
tology, Lung, Respiratory function tests, Reprints,
'Toxic substances.
PB89-110530/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Detection of Environmental Viruses In Sludge: En-
hancement of Enterovirus Plaque Assay Titer*
with 5-lodo-2'-D«oxyurldlne and Comparison to
Adenovirus and Coll phage Titers (Journal Ver-
slon). Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH. Toxicol-
ogy and Microbiology Div.
F. P. Williams, and C. J. Hurst 1988,7p EPA/600/J-
88/148
Pub. in Water Research, v22 n7 p847-851 Jul 88.
Enteroviruses present in the primary sludge of two
wastewater treatment plants were quanfltated by
plaque assay using a continuous African green
monkey kidney cell line (BQM). Incubation of BGM
monolayers with 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (50 micro-
grams/ml) for 4 days prior to use enhanced the
number of PFU detected in 10 of 10 concentrated
sludge samples. Coiiphages also present in these
samples were detected using as hosts E. coll C and E.
coli A-19, an Hfr strain. E. coil C coliphage titers were
consistently higher than E. coli A-19 titers, and were
100-1000 times higher than the enterovirus titers ob-
tained with BGM cells. Adenoviruses present in the
sludge samples were detected by immunofluores-
cence assay. Interestingly, those results suggested
that adenoviruses were also more numerous than en-
teroviruses (as detected by either IDU-treated or un-
treated BGM plaque assay).
Keywords: 'Enteroviruses, 'Sewage sludge, 'Adeno-
viruses, 'Coliphage, Detection, Iodine organic com-
pounds, Reprints, 'Waste water treatment, lododeox-
yuridine, Uridine/deoxy-iodo.
PB89-110548	Not available NTIS
Extrathoracic and Intrathoracic Removal of 03 in
Tidal-Breathing Humans (Journal Version). Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
T. R. Gerrity, R. A. Weaver, J. Berntsen, D. E. House,
and J. J. O'Neil. C1988,9p EPA/600/J-88/149
Pub. in Jnl. of Applied Physiology. v65 p393-400 1988.
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill. School of Public Health.
The efficiency of ozone removal from inspired air by
the extrathoracic and intrathoracic airways was meas-
ured in 18 healthy, nonsmoking, young male volun-
teers. Removal efficiencies were measured as a func-
tion of ozone concentration (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 ppm),
mode of breathing (nose only, mouth only, and orona-
sal), and respiration frequency (12 and 24 bpm). Sub-
jects were placed in a controlled environmental cham-
ber into which ozone was introduced. A small polyeth-
yethylene tube was then inserted into the nose of each
subject with the tip positioned in the posterior pharynx.
Samples of air were collected from the posterior phar-
ynx through the tube and into a rapidly responding
ozone analyzer yielding inspiratory and expiratory
ozone concentrations in the posterior pharynx. The
mean extrathoracic removal efficiency for all measure-
ments was 39.6%, and the mean intrathoracic removal
efficiency was 91.0%. Significantly less ozone was re-
moved both extrathoracically and intrathoracically
when subjects breathed at 24 bpm compared to 12
bpm. Ozone concentration had no effect on extrathor-
acic removal efficiency, but there was a significantly
greater intrathoracic removal efficiency at 0.4 ppm
than at 0.1 ppm.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Toxicology, Respiration,
Humans, Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Re-
prints, 'Health effects, 'Toxic substances.
PB89-110555	Not available NTIS
Increased Hlppocampal Excitability Produced by
Amltraz (Journal Version), Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. E. Gilbert, and R. S. Dyer. c1988,8p EPA/600/J-
88/158
Pub. in Neurotoxicology and Teratology, v10 p229-235
1988. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services,
lnc./Environmental Sciences, Research Triangle Park,
NC.
The study characterized the effect of the formamidine
pesticide, amitraz, upon hlppocampal function in male
Long Evans rata Animals were chronically prepared
with a stimulating electrode in the perforant path and
field potentials were recorded from a bipolar electrode
situated across the granule cell layer of the dentate
gyrus. Input/output functions and paired pulse inhibi-
tion were monitored in unrestrained, unanesthetized
animals over a number of days following acute admin-
istration of 100 mg kg of amitraz. Inout/output func-
tions revealed a decrease in excitatory postsynaptic
potential (EPSP) slope and an increase in population
spike height 4 and 24 hr after treatment, with return to
baseline oy 48 hr. Tests of inhibition using pairs of
stimulus pulses delivered at intervals ranging between
20 and 100 msec revealed a decrease in inhibition fol-
lowing amitraz. Both of these effects could be mim-
icked by administration of 0.1 mg/kg of the alpha-2
agonist clonidine, supporting this mode of action of
amitraz on CNS function. The results indicate that sys-
temic amitraz treatment produced a transient en-
hancement of excitatory and reduction of inhibitory
processes in a CNS pathway.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, 'Hippocampus,
Central nervous system, Neural transmission, Evoked
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
potentials, Laboratory animals, Reprints, 'Amitraz,
•Toxic substances, Methanimidamide/N'-dimethy-
phenyl-N-dimethyphenyl-iminomethyl-N-methyl.
PB89-110563	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Formamldlne Pesticides Enhance Susceptibility to
Kindled Seizures In Amygdala and Hippocampus
of the Rat (Journal Version). Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. E. Gilbert. c1988, 8p EPA/600/J-88/173
Pub. in Neurotoxicology and Teratology, v10 p221-227
1988. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Electrical kindling of the amygdala and hippocampus
was used to evaluate the effects of two formamidines,
chlordimeform (CDF) and amitraz (AMZ), upon seizure
susceptibility in the rat. Male Long-Evans rats were im-
planted with electrodes in the amygdala or dorsal den-
tate gyrus, and injected i.p. daily with 40 mg/kg CDF,
50 mg/kg AMZ, or equal volumes of their respective
vehicles. Afterdischarge (AD) thresholds were deter-
mined after the first injection. Animals were then stimu-
lated twice daily, 2 and 4 hours postinjection, at a
standard 200 micro A stimulus intensity until three
stages 5 generalized seizures ensued. Both CDF and
AMZ significantly facilitated amygdaloid kindling rate,
and CDF also facilitated hippocampal kindling rate.
The effects of AMZ on hippocampal kindling were not
assessed. AD durations were prolonged in the form-
amidine-treated groups, but there was no effect on AD
thresholds. The alpha-2 adrenergic agonist and/or
local anesthetic-like properties of these compounds
may be responsible for these seizure enhancing ef-
fects. (Copyright (c) Pergamon Press pic, 1988.)
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Insecticides, 'Toxicity,
•Amygdala, 'Hippocampus, 'Kindling(Neurology),
Laboratory animals, Chlorine organic compounds, Sei-
zures, Reprints, 'Chlordimeform, 'Amitraz, Formami-
dine/N-(chloro-tolyl)-N-N-dimethyl, Formamidine/N-
methyl-N'-xylyl-N-(N-xylylformimidoyl).
P889-110571	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
Alkyltln Inhibition of ATPase Activities In Tissue
Homogenates and Subcellular Fractions from
Adult and Neonatal Rats (Journal Version). Journal
article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
K. E. Stine, L. W. Reiter, and J. J. Lemasters. c1988,
Hp EPA/600/J-88/174
Grant EPA-R-809644
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v94
P394-406 1988. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC. Genetic
Toxicology Div.
Inhibition of ATPase activities by triethyltin (TET),
djsthyltin (DET), monoethyltin (MET) and trimethyltin
(TMT) was studied in homogenates of brain and liver
from adult rats. MET did not produce significant inhibi-
tion. ATPase activities in brain and liver homogenates
[r°m TET-treated adult rats did not differ from controls.
Mitochondrial ATPase in brain homogenates from 5-
day-old rats was two orders of magnitude more sensi-
tive to TET than brain homogenates from adult rats.
Isolated mitochondria and synaptosomal fractions
from adult and neonatal brains were equally sensitive
to TET. It is concluded that in vivo brain tin concentra-
tions in 5-day-old rats following a neurotoxic dose of
TET are sufficient to inhibit brain mitochondrial
ATPase, whereas in adults, tin concentrations are in-
sufficient for inhibition. In the adult rat, TET binding to
myelin appears to prevent inhibition of brain mitochon-
drial ATPase, and the target of toxic action may be
myelin.
Keywords: 'Tin organic compounds, 'Toxicity, 'Aden-
osine triphosphatase, 'Brain, 'Liver, Mitochondria,
Laboratory animals, Adults, Newborn animals, Re-
prints 'Triethyltin, Diethyltin, Monoethyltin, Tnmethyl-
tin, Stannane/triethyl, Stannane/diethyl, Stannane/
ethyl, Stannane/trimethyl.
PB89-110589	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Synaptonemal Complex Damage In Relation to
Melotic Chromosome Aberrations after Exposure
of Male Mice to Cyclophosphamide (Journal Ver-
sion), Journal article,
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC.
L. C. Backer, J. B. Gibson, M. J. Moses, and J. W.
Allen. 1988,15p EPA/600/J-88/175
Contract EPA-68-02-4450, Grant EPA-R-812736
Pub. in Mutation Research, v203 p317-330 1988.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Cyclophosphamide (CP) has been reported to cause
structural and numerical chromosome aberrations in
mouse spermatocyte metaphase chromosomes. Fur-
ther, it was concluded to be one of the few chemicals
for which there appears to be reliable data suggesting
that it can induce germ cell aneuploidy. In the present
study, mice were injected with CP, and both prophase
and metaphase analyses were conducted to better un-
derstand the qualitative and quantitative relationship
between respective synaptonemal complex (SC) and
chromosome endpoints. The intent was to confirm that
CP induces aneuploidy and to assess what happens to
the various types of SC damage as they may relate to
aberrations observed at metaphase 1 and 2. In some
instances, mice were injected with tritiated thymidine in
addition to CP so that sequentially harvested prophase
and metaphase cell samples could be accurately iden-
tified by autoradiography as belonging to the same
treated cell population. The results substantiate SC
analysis as a highly sensitive indicator of potentially
heritable effects of this (and presumably other) geno-
toxic agents.
Keywords: "Cyclophosphamide, 'Chromosome abnor-
malities, 'Toxicity, Mutations, Meiosis, Laboratory ani-
mals, Reprints, 'Cytogenetics, 'Mutagenicity tests,
Aneuploidy.
PB89-110597	Not available NTIS
Cytogenetic Comparison of the Responses of
Mouse and Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes
to 60Co Gamma Radiation (Journal Version), Jour-
nal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
A. D. Kligerman, E. C. Halperin, G. L. Erexson, G.
Honore, and B. Westbrook-Collins. c1988,14p EPA/
600/J-88/176
Pub. in Radiation Research, v115 p334-3461988. Pre-
Bared in cooperation with Duke Univ. Medical Center,
wham, NC., and Environmental Health Research
and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Experiments were conducted to compare the chromo-
some damaging effects of (60)Co gamma radiation on
mouse ana human peripheral blood lymphocytes
(PBLs). Either whole blood or isolated and pelleted
mononuclear leucocytes (MNLs) were irradiated with a
(60)Co unit to yield exposures of 1,2,3, or 4 Gy. In ad-
dition, mice were whole body irradiated in vivo with the
same doses so that an in vitro-in vivo comparison
could be made. The results indicate that mouse PBLs
irradiated in whole blood, whether in vivo or in vitro, re-
spond similarly to (60)Co gamma rays as measured by
dicentric chromosome formation. In addition, mouse
PBLs showed a similar radiosensitivity compared to
human PBLs, but because the mouse PBL data were
best fitted to an exponential function and the human
PBL data to a quadratic function, direct comparisons
were difficult to make. Pelleted MNLs from mice were
much less sensitive to the clastogenic effects of
gamma radiation than whole blood. This is believed
due to hypoxic conditions that develop during irradia-
tion and transport. Human PBLs did not show a
marked difference whether irradiated in whole blood or
as MNLs in tissue culture medium. (Copyright (c) 1988,
Academic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Biological radiation effects, 'Cytogenet-
ics, 'Lymphocytes, 'Cobalt 60, 'Gamma irradiation,
Chromosomal aberrations, Humans, Mice, Exposure,
Radiation tolerance, Reprints.
PB89-110605/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Influence of Aerobic Microorganisms upon Virus
Survival In Soil (Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. J. Hurst. 1988,6p EPA/600/J-88/179
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Microbiology, v34 p696-699
May 88.
Survival of human poliovirus type 1 in a sandy loam soil
appeared to be deleteriously influenced by aerobic
microorganisms. The effect was determined by com-
paring the survival of virus in soil under four different
possible combinations of aerobic versus anaerobic
(H2-C02) atmosphere and sterile versus nonsterile
condition. Storage of samples was done in humid
chambers to prevent soil desiccation. The effect attrib-
uted to aerobic microorganisms was measurable and
statistically significant at all three incubation tempera-
tures used in the study (1, 23, and 37 degrees C), with
the increase in inactivation rate attributable to aerobic
microorganisms generally being two to threefold. No
comparable effect was observed to occur for anaero-
bic microorganisms under the sets of conditions em-
ployed in the study.
Keywords: 'Viruses, 'Polioviruses, 'Soil microbiology.
Survival, Aerobic processes, Anaerobic processes!
Reprints.
PB89-110613	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
Microbial Characterization of Municipal
Wastewater at a Spray Irrigation Site: The Lub-
bock Infection Surveillance Study (Journal Ver-
sion), Journal article,
Texas Univ. at Austin.
B. E. Moore, D. E. Camann, C. A. Turk, and C. A.
Sorber. c1988,11 p EPA/600/J-88/180
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation
v60 n7 p1222-1230 Jul 88. Prepared in cooperation
with Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX., and
Pittsburgh Univ., PA. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The objective of the Lubbock Infection Surveillance
Study (LISS) was to identify possible adverse effects
on human health from slow-rate land application of
wastewater. During a 3-year study wastewater applied
to a 1478-ha site from either the transit pipeline or on-
site storage reservoirs was analyzed for indicator bac-
teria, bacteriophages, enteric viruses, and selected
physical and chemical parameters. Irrigation waste-
water used before reservoir completion had a compo-
sition equivalent to a typical medium strength untreat-
ed wastewater with fecal coliform levels exceeding 1
million/100 mL and virus levels ranging from 100 to
1000 pfu/L. Impoundment of the wastewater reduced
coliform levels by as much as 99% and lowered viral
levels to less than 10 pfu/L. (Copyright (c) 1988 Jour-
nal of the Water Pollution Control Federation.)
Keywords: 'Waste water, Agricultural engineering.
Water microbiology, Contaminants, Water pollution
control, Waste treatment, Irrigation, Coliform bacteria.
Viruses, Reprints, 'Municipal wastes.
PB89-110621	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.	*
Relative Concentrations of Serum NeutraHikM
Antibody to VPS and VP7 Proteins In Adults In-
fected with a Human Rotavirus (Journal Version).
Journal article,
James N. Gamble Inst, of Medical Research, Cincin-
nati, OH.
R. L. Ward, D. R. Knowlton, G. M. Schlff, Y. Hoshino,
and H. B. Greenberg. C1988,8p EPA/600/J-88/129
Pub. in Jnl. of Virology, v62 n5 pi 543-1549 May 88
Prepared in cooperation with Veterans Administration
Medical Center, Palo Alto, CA„ and National Institutes
of Health, Bethesda, MD. Sponsored by Health Effects
Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Two outer capsid rotavirus proteins, VP3 and VP7
have been found to elicit neutralizing antibody product
tion, but the immunogenicity of these proteins during
human rotavirus infection has not been determined
The relative amounts of serum neutralizing antibody
against the VP3 and VP7 proteins of the CJN strain of
human rotavirus were, therefore, determined in adults
subjects before and after infection with this virus.
Reassortant strains of rotavirus that contained the
CJN gene segment for only one of these two neutral-
ization proteins were isolated and used. The geometric
mean titer of serum neutralizing antibody to a reassor-
tant virus (CJN-M) that contained VP7 of CJN and VPS
of another human rotavirus was 12.7 times less than
that of antibody to CJN before infection and 20 3 time*
less after infection. This indicated that most neutral?
ing antibody was against the CP3 rather than the VP?
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
protein of CJN. The result was confirmed with other
reassortants between CJN and animal rotavirus strains
(EDIM and rhesus rotavirus). The findings suggest that
CP3 is the primary immunogen that stimulates neutral-
izing antibody during at least some rotavirus infections
of humans. (Copyright (c) 1988 American Society for
Microbiology.)
Keywords: "Immunization, "Capsid, "Viral proteins,
'Rotaviruses, "Antibody formation. Humans, Neutral-
ization tests, Genetic recombination, Reprints.
PB89-110639/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Wood Smoke Impacted Air Mutagenicity and
Chemical Analysis of Ambient Air In a Residential
Area of Juneau, Alaska (Journal Version). Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. R. Watts, R. J. Drago, R. G. Merrill, R. W. Williams,
and E. Perry. 1988,11p EPA/600/J-88/136
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association.
See also PB88-180593.
The study was undertaken to determine the bacterial
mutagenicity (Ames test) and chemical characteristics
of respirable particulate matter collected in the area.
Fine particle concentrations for the sampling period of
November 16th to January 7th ranged from 1.19 to
209.8 microgram/cu m. Bioassay samples from ambi-
ent air fine particle concentration periods of 25.6 to
209.8 microgram/cu m showed indirect acting muta-
genicities of 6.64 to 77.8 rev./cu m with a mutagenic-
rty/partlcle concentration correlation coefficient of
0.89. The indirect acting mutagenic potency values
ranged from 0.29 to 1.44 rev./microgram of extracted
organics and averaged 0.73 + /- 0.26. Correlations be-
tween fine particle concentration, indirect acting muta-
genicity and PAH concentrations were observed for
most periods throughout the study. A comparison of
ambient air samples collected from wood smoke im-
pacted residential areas in Raleigh, NC, Albuquerque,
NM and Juneau showed that the relationship between
ambient air mutagenicity and fine particle concentra-
tion was similar for each location.
Keywords: "Smoke, "Combustion products, "Toxicol-
ogy, Alaska, Bioassay, Bacteria, Particles, Respiration,
Concerrtration(Composltlon), Sampling, Reprints, "Air
pollution effects(Humans), Air sampling, Mutagenesis.
PB89-110647/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Ketamine Altera Rat Flash Evoked Potentials
(Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Q. C. Rigdon, and R. S. Dyer. 1988,8p EPA/600/J-88/
133
Pub. in Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, v30
p421-4261988.
Discovering the neurotransmitters involved in the gen-
eration of flash evoked potentials (FEPs) would en-
hance the use of FEPs in screening for and assess-
ment of neurological damage. Recent evidence sug-
gests that the excitatory amino acids, glutamate and
aspartate, may be transmitters in the visual system.
Ketamine selectively antagonizes the actions of exci-
tatory amino acids on n-methyl-d-aspartate receptors
and may be administered systemically. The effects of
ketamine (37, 75, 150 mg/kg) on FEPs recorded in
Hght and dark backgrounds were investigated. Keta-
mine administration resulted in dose dependent alter-
ations in FEP peak amplitudes and latencies. Peak P1
amplitude increased by a factor of 4, in a dose depend-
ent manner. Peak N1 virtually disappeared at 150 mg/
kg. Peak P2 amplitude increased by 50%, but only in
the light background, and only at 150 mg/kg. Keta-
mine (150 mg/kg) effect on peak P1 and peak N3 am-
plitudes were maximal 5 min after ketamine adminis-
tration, but were not recovering 30 min post-injection.
The various peak latencies were also affected differ-
ently. The results suggest that glutamate or aspartate
Is Involved in the generation of tne rat FEPs.
Keywords: "Electrophysiology, Laboratory animals,
Chlorine organic compounds, Reprints, 'Ketamine,
'Visual evoked potentials, 'Neuroregulators, Cyclo-
hexanone/chlorophenyl-methylamino.
PM9-110M2/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Manual lor Sewage Sludge Application to Crop-
lands and Orchards. Final rept.,
Battelle Environmental Program Office, Washington,
DC.
M. F. Arthur, B. W. Cornaby, A. R. Gavaskar, G. K.
O'Brien, and M. G. Shafer. Sep 88,333p
Contract EPA-68-01 -6986
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Criteria and Standards Div.
A users' handbook addresses sewage sludge applica-
tion rates to agricultural lands. Based on a model,
tables are presented for ten or more major crops in 42
states or portions of states. Tabular application rate
data are presented for sludge application rates in 42
areas. These rates consider the crops grown, their ex-
pected yield, the nature of the sludge (aerobic or an-
aerobic), type of application (surface or soil incorporat-
ed), nature of the soil, and land slope. A model also is
presented by which site specific application rates can
Be estimated. Considered in the application rates are
prevention of damage to crops, protection of neighbor-
ing waters from pollution by erosion of applied sludge,
and rates of use of nutrients by the crops grown. Re-
sulting sludge application rates are considered con-
servative to reduce risk to the land and crops, and non-
point pollution of waters.
Keywords: "Sewage disposal, "Sludge disposal,
"Farm crops, "Manuals, Waste disposal, Orchards,
Farms, Plant nutrition, Tables(Data), Water pollution
control.
PB89-112965/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Protection of Corn, November 1984-Aprll 1988: Ci-
tations from AQRICOLA (AGRICultural OnLine
Access) Concerning Diseases and Other Environ-
mental Considerations. Bibliographies and literature
of agriculture,
National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.
C. N. Bebee. Sep 88,252p' USDA/BLA-69
See also PB85-222669. Prepared in cooperation with
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
The sources referenced in these bibliographies include
the majority of the latest available information from
U.S. publications involving commodity protection
throughout the growing, and processing stages for
each agricultural commodity. The report includes com
and diseases.
Keywords: "Protection, "Plant diseases, "Pests, "Corn
plants, "Bibliographies, Insects, Nematode, Organic
compounds, Plant genetics, Plant physiology, Pesti-
cides, Soil fertility, Legislation, Weed control.
PB89-112973/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Protection of Root Vegetables, January 1979-
Aprll 1988: Cltationa from AQRICOLA (AGRICul-
tural OnLine Access) Concerning Diseases and
Other Environmental Considerations. Bibliogra-
Rhies and literature of agriculture,
lational Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.
C. N. Bebee. Sep 88,116p USDA/BLA-68
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Pesticide Pro-
grams.
The sources referenced in these bibliographies include
the majority of the latest available information from
U.S. publications Involving commodity protection
throughout the growing and processing stages for
each agricultural commodity.
Keywords: 'Vegetables, 'Roots, "Bibliographies,
Plant diseases, Environmental impacts, Fungus dis-
eases, Bacteria, Fungicides, Germination, Virus dis-
eases, Rust8(Fungi).
PB89-113757/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Design of the Underground Storage Tank (UST)
Release Simulation Model. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
Apr 88,22p SAB/EEC-88/029
The Committee concluded that the overall structure
and design of the Underground Storage Tank (UST)
Release Simulation Model developed by the Office of
Underground Storage Tanks for the purpose of devel-
oping a Regulatory Impact Analysis of the require-
ments proposed to regulate underground gasoline
storage tanks is sound, but only in the context of sub-
stantiating regulatory decisions on underground gaso-
line tanks that have been made by other means. The
Committee recommends that the model results should
be compared to simpler order-of-magnitude estimates
of tank failures and impacts based on a first-order-
characterization of tank ages and failure probabilities.
The simplified and full models should each be com-
pared to data bases on tank failure that are currently
becoming available. The committee recommended
that the model code should be documented to facili-
tate wider use.
Keywords: "Underground storage, "Storage tanks,
"Fuel tanks, "Regulations, "Environment simulation,
Environmental surveys, Gasoline, Failure analysis,
Design criteria, Service stations.
PB89-113765/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Review of the Draft Drinking Water Criteria Docu-
ment for Xylenes. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
9 Mar 88,7p SAB/EHC-88/014
The Drinking Water Subcommittee of the EPA Science
Advisory Board's Environmental Health Committee
completed its scientific review of the Draft Drinking
Water Criteria Document for Xylenes. The primary
issue in the review concerns the selection of studies
used in determining the Drinking Water Equivalent
Level (DWEL), whicn is based upon the experimental
level below which a health effect is not observed and
provides a non-carcinogenic basis for establishing a
drinking water standard. The Subcommittee concluded
that the Office of Drinking Water has selected the ap-
propriate studies to calculate the DWEL. The Subcom-
mittee recommends that taste and odor should be a
scientific basis for a secondary maximum Contaminant
Level because most of the public will not drink water
that smells.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Xylenes, "Regulations,
Public health, "Drinking water, Safe Water Drinking
Act, Water quality maintenance, Water pollution stand1
ards.
PB89-113971/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Twenty-One Papers by Environmental Protection
Agency Scientists are Recommended for Scientif-
ic and Technological Achievement Awards. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
27 Apr 88,16p SAB/EC-88/027
The EPA Science Advisory Board (SAB) reviewed 30
papers by Environmental Protection Agency scientists
and recommended that 21 receive Scientific and Tech-
nological Achievement Awards (STAA), and that three
other papers of notable quality be recognized through
some other mechanism. The SAB was pleased that
the call for papers was Agency-wide this year, and
hopes that other awards programs are used to recog-
nize those papers and scientists of notable quality
which do not otherwise meet the requirements of the
STAA. Such awards would be for excellence in re-
views, data bases, special projects, and interlabora-
tory comparisons.
Keywords: "Research projects, "Performance evalua-
tion, Project planning, Research management, US
EPA, Technology utilization.
PBS9-114078/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Pesticide
Fact Sheeta-2,4-DB (No. 179).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 88,8p EPA/540/FS-88/130
The report contains up-to-date chemical information,
including a summary of EPA's regulatory position and
rationale, on 2,4-DB. A Fact Sheet is issued on a pesti-
cide after one of the following actions has occurred: is-
suance or reissuance of a registration standard: issu-
ance of each special review document; registration of
a significantly changed use pattern; registration of a
new chemical; or an immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Herbicides, Hazardous mate-
rials, Chemical properties, Regulations, Toxicology,
Ecology, Agricultural products, Toxic substances, *2
4-DB, *4-(2 4-Dichlorophenoxy)butric acid, Path of pol-
lutants, CAS 94-82-6.
PB89-114086/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstration of Pesticide
Products Containing 4-(2,4-Dlchlorophenoxy) Bu-
tyric Acid (2,4-DB) and Its Salt, Amine and Esters
as the Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 88,112p EPA/540/RS-88/131
See also PB89-114078.
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of date requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Herbicides, Hazardous mate-
rials, "Chemical properties, Regulations, Toxicology,
Ecology, Manufacturing, Guidelines, Standards, Agri-
cultural products, Requirements, Public health, Li-
censes, "Toxic substances, *4-(2 4-
dichlorophenoxy)butryric acid, Path of pollutants, CAS
10433-59-7.
PB89-114110/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Magnetic Tape Manufacturing Industry: Back-
ground Information for Promulgated Standards.
Final Environmental Impact Statement
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jul 88, 95p EPA/450/3-85/029B
See also PB86-156791.
Standards of performance for the control of VOC emis-
sions from magnetic tape manufacturing lines are
being promulgated under authority of Section 111 of
the Clean Air Act. These standards apply to all new
magnetic tape coating lines using at least 38 cubic
meters of solvent per year (cu m/yr) in the production
of magnetic tape and to all modified and reconstructed
magnetic tape coating lines using at least 370 cu m/yr
in the production of magnetic tape. The document con-
tains a summary of the public comments on the pro-
posed standards and EPA's responses, as well as
summary economic and environmental impact state-
ments.
Keywords: "Magnetic tapes, "Manufacturing, "Stand-
ards, Air pollution control, Organic compounds, Per-
formance evaluation, Emission, "Pollution control,
Web coating, Volatile organic compounds, Environ-
ment effects.
PB89-114128/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Draft Risk Screening Analysis of Mining Wastes.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
26 Apr 88,35p" SAB/EEC-88/028
The Mine Waste Risk Screen Subcommittee of the
EPA Science Advisory Board's Environmental Engi-
neering Committee concluded that the general risk
screen approach for analysis of mining waste is appro-
priate and the risk screen methodology can be used
for setting priorities for collection of additional data
when all appropriate pathways and component models
are implemented. The Subcommittee recommended
that, wnile the model may be appropriate, it should not,
in its current state, be used to provide a context for
performing analyses which may lay out options for the
scope of the regulatory approaches for managing
mining wastes. The Subcommittee identified additional
pathway receptor combinations approach is conceptu-
ally sound and the air emission factors are appropriate
for the present state of development of the risk screen
analysis.
Keywords'. "Industrial wastes, "Mining, Mathematical
models, Environmental engineering, Civil engineenng,
Air pollution control, Water pollution control, Risk as-
sessment, Path of pollutants, Air toxic substances.
PB89-114144/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
ROD (Record of Decision) Annual Report, FY
1987.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Jul 88,240p
See also report for FY 1986, PB87-199550.
The report is a record of decision. It described the situ-
ation of pollution, the remedial action what is selected
and the estimated capital cost for the remedy in the
Davis Liquid Waste site and the Ottati and Goss/Great
Lakes Container Corporation site (GLCC).
Keywords: "Waste disposal, Decontamination, Stabili-
zation, Waste treatment, Contaminants, Hazardous
materials, "ROD reports, "Record of decision, "Super-
fund, "Remedial action, "Pollution control.
PB89-114169/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Pesticide
Fact Sheet 2-(2,4-Dlchlorophenoxy) Propionic
Acid. Fact sheet.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 88,8p EPA/540/FS-88/134
The report contains up-to-date chemical information,
including a summary of EPA's regulatory position and
rationale, on a specific pesticide or group of pesticides.
A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the following ac-
tions has occurred, covering: the issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard; issuance of each
special review document: registration of a significantly
changed use pattern; registration of a new chemical;
or an immediate need for information to resolve con-
troversial issues relating to a specific chemical or use
pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Herbicides, Hazardous mate-
rials, Chemical properties, Regulations, Toxicology,
Ecology, Guidelines, Standards, Agricultural products.
Disposal, Requirements, Specifications, "Toxic sub-
stances, *2-(2 4-Dichlorophenoxy)propionic acid, CAS
120-36-5.
PB89-114177/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstration of Pesticide
Products Containing 2-(2,4 Dichlorophenoxy) Pro-
pionic Acid (2,4-DP) as the Active Ingredient
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 88,105p EPA/540/RS-88/135
See also PB89-114169.
The report contains information regarding the registra-
tion of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The document includes how to register
under a registration standard, regulatory position and
rationale, and summaries of date requirements and
data gaps. Also included is a bibliography containing
citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving at
the positions and conclusions contained in the stand-
ard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Herbicides, "Pollution, Haz-
ardous materials, Chemical properties, Regulations,
Toxicology, Ecology, Guidelines, Standards, Agricul-
tural products. Disposal, Requirements, Specifica-
tions, Utilization, "Toxic substances, *2-(2 4-Dichloro-
phenoxy) propionic acid, CAS 120-36-5.
PB89-114219/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Regulation and Policy Matrices: A Guide to the
Rules Governing Grants Awarded under the Con-
struction Grants Program. Update 18(8.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Municipal Pollution Control.
Sep 88,58p
See also report for 1986, PB87-110037.
The document is the 1988 update material for the pub-
lication entitled 'Regulation and Policy Matrices: A
Guide to Rules Governing Grants Awarded Under the
Construction Grants Program' (April 1985). It contains
a listing and brief description of the Federal Register
notices of construction grants program.
Keywords: "Grants, "Construction, 'Water pollution,
Regulations, Municipalities, Financing, Guidelines,
"Sewage treatment plants, Construction Grants Pro-
gram.
PB89-114292/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Economic Impact Analysis of Final Effluent Limi-
tations Guidelines and Standards for the Gold
Placer Mining Industry.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
May 88,138p EPA/440/2-87/003
The report identifies and analyzes economic impacts
that are projected to result from water pollution control
regulations on the gold placer mining industry. The
regulations include EPA effluent limitations and stand-
ards. The report supplements technical studies sup-
porting the issuance of the gold placer mining regula-
tions by estimating the broader economic effects
which might result from the application of various con-
trol methods and technologies. The primary economic
impact variables assessed include the cost of the con-
templated regulations, and the potential for these reg-
ulations to cause plant closure, unemployment, reduc-
tions in profitability, and the increase in operating costs
due to compliance.
Keywords: "Placer mining, "Gold, "Waste water,
"Regulations, Economic impact, Benefit cost analysis
"US EPA.	1
PB89-114300/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Economic Impact Analysis of Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Organic Chemi-
cals, Plastics, and Synthetic Fibers Industry.
Abt Associates, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Sep 87, 320p EPA/400/2-87/007
Contract EPA-68-01 -7074
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC. Office of Water Regulations and
Standards.
The report identifies and analyzes economic impacts
that are likely to result from water pollution control reg-
ulations on the organic chemicals, plastics and syn-
thetic fibers (OCPSF) industry. The regulations includ-
ed EPA effluent limitations and standards. The report
supplements technical studies supporting the issu-
ance of the OCPSF regulations by estimating the
broader economic effects which might result from the
application of various control methods and technol-
ogies. The primary economic impact variables as-
sessed include the costs of the contemplated regula-
tions, and the potential for these regulations to cause
plant closure, unemployment, reductions in profitabil-
ity, shifts in the balance of trade and anticompetitive
effects on small business and new facilities.
Keywords: "Industrial plants, "Waste water, "Regula-
tions, Economic impact. Chemical plants, Plasticsin-
dustry, Synthetic fibers, Benefit cost analysis *US
EPA.
PB89-114508/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Draft Criteria Document for 1,2, Dlchloropropane.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Science Advisory Board.
9 Mar 88,5p SAB/EHC-88/018
The Halogenated Organics Subcommittee of the EPA
Science Advisory Board's Environmental Health Com-
mittee conducted an independent scientific review of
the Office of Drinking Water's Draft Criteria Document
for 1,2 Dichloropropane. The Subcommittee unani-
mously concluded that the drinking water equivalent
level should not be based on the non-carcinogenic
endpoints of the National Toxicology Program'sigae
bioassay in male rats. It offered five reasons for this
conclusion: (1) the dose of 62 mg/kg bw/day reore-
sents a no-observed-effect-level for cancer in male
rats; (2) the endpoints of survival, body weight on
and tissues are not sufficiently sensitive; (3) histo
cal lesions were observed in the testes of some i
rats given the 62 mg dose; (4) evidence indicated'that
the chemical may be a male reproductive toxic- and IS)
the NTP bioassay was not designed to supply'data for
derivation of a drinking water equivalent level.
Keywords: "Chlorine aliphatic compounds, 'Water ooi
lutton abatement, "Potable water, Carcinogens. PiK£i>
health, Laboratory animals, "Risk assessment
Drinking Water Act.	s
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB89-114524/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Un of the Effective Dose Equivalent Concept of
the International Commission on Radiological
Protection by EPA (Environmental Protection
Agency) Is Encouraged. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
27 Apr 88,4p SAB/RAC-88/026
While the EPA Science Advisory Board's Radiation
Advisory Committee has repeatedly recommended
that EPA use the effective dose equivalent concept of
the International Commission on Radiological Protec-
tion in developing risk estimates and establishing regu-
lations related to the exposure of humans to radionu-
clides in the environment, the EPA has not been con-
sistent in its use of the effective dose equivalent con-
cept or the weighting factors applied in quantifying
dose. The Committee believes that effective dose
equivalent, rather than dose equivalent to specific
organs, should be applied as the basis for regulations
dealing with radiation exposure. The Committee
strongly encourages EPA to carefully examine its posi-
tion on the effective dose equivalent concept, the nu-
merical value of organ-specific weighting factors, and
the application of effective dose equivalent in estab-
lishing regulations and strive to ensure consistency
within EPA and between EPA and other government,
national, and international recommendations.
Keywords: *Dose equivalents, 'Radiation doses,
'Risk assessment, Radiation hazards, 'Regulations,
Pollution, Radioactive contaminants, Public health,
Standards, Environmental trasnport, Drinking water,
Radioactivity, *US EPA.
PB89-114S13/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Marin* and Sport Fisheries: Economic Valuation
and Management. Progress rept.
Association of Environmental and Resource Econo-
mists, Washington, DC.
Jun 88,402p EPA/230/08-88/034
See also PB88-108675. Proceedings of the 4th Annual
AERE Workshop held at University of Washington, Se-
attle, WA., June 23-24, 1988. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of
Policy Analysis.
The report includes 11 papers prepared for the June
23-24, 1988 workshop sponsored by the Association
of Environmental and Resource Economists (AERE)
on the subject of valuing and managing marine and
sport fisheries.
Keywords: 'Marine fishes, 'Fisheries, 'Economic de-
velopment, 'Meetings, Management, Economic fac-
tors, Recreation, Cost analysis, Surveys, Mathematical
models, Salmon, Travel, Regression analysis, Specifi-
cations. Graphs(Charts). Sport fishing, Commercial
fishing, Supply and demand, Catch statistics.
PB89-115216/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Resource Document for Consideration of the Tu-
lallp Aquifer as a Sol* Source Aquifer.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA. Office
of Groundwater.
May 88,34p EPA/910/9-88/188
In April of 1984, the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) received a petition from the Seven
Lakes Water Association (SLWA) requesting sole
source aquifer designation for the Association's serv-
ice area in west central Snohomish County, Washing-
ton. The SLWA Intends to utilize sole source aquifer as
on* means of protecting their ground water resource.
It Is referred to in the report as the 'Tulallp Aquifer'.
The report describes the characteristics of the aquifer
area and evaluates the area against criteria for sole
source aquifer designation. Specific topics discussed
are' (1) the boundaries of the aquifer area as proposed
by EPA; (2) hvdrogeologic characteristics; (3) ground
water and surface water consumption; (4) water qual-
itr(5) potential for contamination; and (8) the availabil-
ity of economically feasible alternative sources of
tMnklng water. The report summarizes information
available to EPA as of April 1988; no additional field
studies were conducted.
ggilswiiiK"*"!
•Snohomish County(Washlngton)
PB89-115224/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Region 10 Environmental Indicators FY 87 Sum-
mary. Annual rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Jan 88,207p* EPA/910/9-88/181
The first annual EPA Region 10 summary report of en-
vironmental indicators for air, water, and land media is
presented. The Region's programs in air, water, toxics,
pesticides, and hazardous waste are attempting to
characterize their progress in addressing environmen-
tal pollution via the measures described in the report.
Each program's chapter includes: (1) a statement de-
scribing (or choosing) the indicator(s); (2) a narrative
explaining how the indicator does a good job of de-
scribing environmental quality or progress and how it
falls short; (3) graphs/tables/maps to display data;
and (4) plans for modification of present indicators
and/or development of future ones.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'National govern-
ment, Air pollution control, Water pollution control,
Contaminants, Pesticides, Tables(Data), Project man-
agement, 'US EPA, Air toxic substances, Hazardous
wastes, EPA Region 10.
PB89-115687/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Expert System for Mixing Zone Analysis of Aque-
ous Discharges (CORMIX1): Further Develop-
ments,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. School of Civil and Environ-
mental Engineering.
G. H. Jirka, and R. L Doneker. Oct 88,11 p EPA/600/
D-88/205
Grant EPA-R-813093
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Athens,
GA.
CORMIX1 deals with submerged, single port dis-
charges of aqueous and conventional pollutants into
rivers, estuaries, and coastal waters, as well as the lim-
iting case of stagnant water bodies, such as lakes or
reservoirs. In several applications, the expert system
has produced results as accurate as mathematically
more complex models. The system Is currently being
extended to include stratified receiving waters, nega-
tively buoyant discharges, and the effect of bottom at-
tachment of the discharge plume.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Estuaries, 'Mixing,
'Transport properties, 'Mathematical models, Com-
puter systems programs, Diffusion, 'Path of pollutants.
PB89-115895/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Permit Applicants' Quid* Manual for Hazardous
Wast* Land Tr*atm*nt, Storage and Disposal Fa-
cilities. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
1984,856p EPA/530-SW/84/004
Also available from Supt of Docs. See also PB87-
151064,Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The manual explains the EPA permitting process, the
facility standards, and the application information re-
quirements. It describes the level of detail needed in a
permit application to show how the facility design com-
plies with specific standards. Useful references to
other EPA manuals and to the professional engineer-
ing and hydrogeologic literature are provided. The
manual is written for persons who must file applica-
tions with the EPA for Federal permits to operate facili-
ties that treat, store, or dispose of hazardous waste in
surface impoundments, waste piles, land treatment
units, and landfills. Authorized States that administer
their own programs may have different permitting pro-
cedures not covered in the manual.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Manuals, Design
standards, Guidance, Regulation, 'Waste disposal fa-
cilities, 'Waste management.
PM9-11M24/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Technology Evaluation Report SITE Program
Demonstration Test, Shirco Infrared Incineration
System, Peak Oil, Brandon, Florida. Voium* 2,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
S. Rosenthal, and H. O. Wall. Sep 88,406p* EPA/
540/5-88/002B	H
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Enviresponse, Inc., Living-
ston, NJ.
A Shirco Infrared system used for a removal action at a
PCB-containlng oil refining waste site in Brandon, Flor-
ida (a suburb of Tampa) was evaluated. The evaluation
included a determination of toxics in the material being
decontaminated as well as all the effluent streams
such as ash, air emissions and wastewater. These
streams were analyzed for heavy metals, organics,
dioxins, furans as well as NOx, and inorganic acids.
Leaching tests were performed on the ash. The results
indicated that the PCB was reduced from 5 to 100 ppm
to less than 1 ppm in the ash, which was the purpose
of the removal action. Although research had indicated
that the lead compounds in the ash would become in-
soluble because they would be complexed with
carbon, the ash could not be considered non-leach-
able based on the EP toxicity tests.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Oil refining, 'Chlorine
organic compounds, 'Waste treatment, Waste water,
Air pollution control, Water pollution control, Chemical
analysis, Toxicity, 'Risk assessment.
PB89-116065/HSU	CP T02
Environmental Fate Data Base (ENVIROFATE):
Chemical Nam* Fll* (CASLST), Jun* 1988. Data
file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
R. Boethling. Jun 88,' mag tape EPA/DF/MT-89/003
Supersedes PB87-186490.
Source tape is in the ASCII character set This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. For price at
6250 bpi density, caii NTIS Computer Products.
The tape includes the chemical name, molecular for-
mula, and CAS registry number for each chemical
added to the ENVIROFATE database by these supple-
ments. The tape is to be used in conjunction with DA-
TALOG, BIOLOG, and CHEMFATE. The CASLST file
consists of three fields: (1) Chemical Abstract Service
Registry Number (CAS) which is numerical and 9 bytes
in length; (2) Chemical formula (FOR) which is textural
and 23 bytes in length; and (3) Chemical name (CNA)
which is textural and 48 bytes in length.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Chemical compounds, Magnet-
ic tapes, Degradation, Molecular structure, Chemical
properties, Physical properties, 'Environment pollu-
tion, 'Path of pollutants.
PB89-116073/HSU	CP T02
Environmental Fat* Data Base (ENVIROFATE):
Journal Citation* (XREF), Jun* 1988. Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
R. Boethling. Jun 88, mag tape EPA/DF/MT-89/004
Supersedes PB87-186524.
Source tape is in the ASCII format. This restricts prep-
aration to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify re-
cording mode by specifying density only. For price at
6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Products.
The file contains the full reference (authors, titles and
citation) for references included in DATALOG,
BIOLOG, CHEMFATE, and BIODEG. The references
are linked to the other files by reference number. Each
record contains a reference number (RNO) (6 bytes), a
list of authors separated by semi-colons (AUT) (150
bytes), a title (TLE) (244 bytes), the journal or source
(JRN) (200 bytes), the citation (CIT) (200 bytes), and
the year (YRP) (19nn or blank if not applicable) (4
bytes).
Keywords: 'Data file, Magnetic tapes, 'Bibliographic
data elements, Bibliographic Information, CHEMFATE
database.
PB89-116081/HSU	CPT02
Environmental Fat* Data Baa* (ENVIROFATE): En-
vironmental Fat* Data (DATALOG), Jun* 1988.
Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
R. Boethling. Jun 88, magtape* EPA/DF/MT-89/005
Supersedes PB87-186508.
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half Inch tape only. Identify
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
recording mode by specifying density only. For price at
6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Products.
DATALOG is a bibliographic pointer file of environmen-
tal fate data and each record contains a chemical CAS
registry number (9 bytes), one of 18 data types (9
bytes), and a reference number (6 bytes) to the full ci-
tation in the XREF file. The data types identify physical
properties, degradation and transport studies, and
food, occupational and ambient monitoring data. The
file should be used with CASLST (in order to link the
full reference citation). A list of possible data types and
their abbreviations are: Adsorption (ADSORP), Bio-
concentration (BIOCON), Biodegradation (BIODEG),
Dissociation constant (DISS CON), Ecosystem
(ECOS), Effluent concentrations (EFFL), Evaporation
from water (EVAP), Food and crop concentrations
(FOOD), Field studies (FIELD), Henry's Law constant
(HENRY CON), Hydrolysis (HYDROL), Monitoring
(MONIT), Occupational concentrations (OCCUP), Oc-
tanol/water partition coefficient (O/W PART), Photoxi-
dation (PHOTOOXID), UV Spectra (UV), Vapor pres-
sure (VP) and Water solubility (WATER SOL).
Keywords: 'Data file, "Toxicity, "Chemical com-
pounds, Chemical properties, Physical properties,
Transport, Degradation, Magnetic tapes, 'Environ-
mental pollution, Chemical attack(Degradation), CAS
Registry number.
PB89-116099/HSU	CP T02
Environmental Fata Data Base (ENVIROFATE): Mi-
crobial Degradation/Toxiclty Data (BIOLOQ), June
1988. Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
R. Boethling. Jun 88, mag tape* EPA/DF/MT-89/006
Supersedes PB87-1865f6.
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. For price at
6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Products.
BIOLOQ is a bibliographic pointer file of microbial bio-
degradation/toxicity data. Each record contains a
Chemical Abstract Services Registry Number (9
bytes), a string of data codes (total of 10 bytes) and a
reference number (6 bytes). The string of data codes is
divided into: (1) an Indication of biodegradation (B) or
microbial toxicity (T) data (1 byte); (2) oxygen condi-
tion- aerobic (AE) or anaerobic (AN) (2 bytes); (3) cul-
ture type-pure enzyme (PE), pure culture (PC), mixed
culture (MC), or cell-free extract (CF) (2 bytes); (4)
source of micro-organism- soil (SOI), sediment (SED),
sewage (SEW) fresh water (WAF), marine water
(WAM) or other (OTH) (3 bytes); (5) whether the path-
way of degradation was (R) or was not (blank) studied
(1 byte); and (6) data source- DATALOG (D) or various
files from Dr. Martin Alexander at Cornell University (H,
M, G, A, or P) (1 byte). The file should be used with
CASLST (in order to link the chemical name and for-
mula) and XREF (in order to link the full reference cita-
tion).
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Toxicity, "Chemical com-
pounds, Degradation, Magnetic tapes,
Cultures(Biology), "Microbial degradation, "Biodegra-
dation, Pointer bibliographic file, Environmental fate.
PB89-116107/HSU	CPT02
Environmental Fata Data Baaa (ENVIROFATE):
Chamlcal Identification Information File (CHEM-
FATE), June 1988. Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
R. Boethling. Jun 88, mag tape EPA/DF/MT-89/007
Supersedes PB87-186532.
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. For price at
6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Products.
CHEMFATE is a data value file containing literature-
derived data on environmental fate on several hundred
chemicals. The file includes chemical identification in-
formation, physical/chemical properties, transport and
degradation studies, field investigations and monitor-
ing data. In all there are 23 data types covered in the
file For each data type, there is a pertinent set of fields
qualifying the data, but a physical record only exists for
those fields that contain data. Each physical record is
made up of a CAS Registry No. (9 bytes), a record
number (4 bvtes), a data type code (2 bytes), a field
type code (3 bytes) and data (240 bytes). With the ex-
ception of the identification field, each data type has a
mandatory reference field which contains the refer-
ence number pointing to XREF, the full reference file.
(See documentation for possible fields in each data
type).
Keywords: "Data file, "Chemical compounds. Magnet-
ic tapes. Chemical properties, Degradation, Environ-
mental effects, Pollution, CHEMFATE database, Moni-
toring.
PB89-116115/HSU	CP T02
Environmental Fate Data Base (ENVIROFATE):
Value Biodegradation File (BIODEG), June 1988.
Data file.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
R. Boethling. Jun 88, mag tape* EPA/560/5-88/006E,
EPA/DF/MT-89/008
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. For price at
6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Products.
BIODEG is a data value file containing literature-de-
rived data on the biodegradation of over 500 chemi-
cals. There are five different types of records; four
record types that cover different types of tests:
(screening studies, biological treatment simulations,
grab samples, and field studies) and one summary
record that contains summary evaluation codes. A
more detailed discussion of the file is available in P.H.
Howard, et al, Environ. Toxicology Chem. 6:1-10
(1987).
Keywords: "Data file, "Biodeterioration, Chemical ele-
ments, "Chemical compounds, Tests, Magnetic tapes.
PB89-117008/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Planned and Actual Impacta on Fish and Water
Quality in Three National Forests in Northern
Idaho. Final rept. Aug-Nov 87,
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
C. M. Kelly. Nov 87,136p EPA/910/9-87/178
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Idaho Univ., Moscow.
The report summarizes the planning process used on
National Forests lands. It then examines three oper-
ations on National Forest in Northern Idaho. A compar-
ison of planning and implementation of these oper-
ations assesses whether practices were carried out as
planned and whether impacts were mitigated as pre-
dicted. The study provides a summary of observations
and recommendations.
Keywords: "Freshwater fishes, "Forest land, Structural
timber, Sales, Water pollution, Operations, Standards,
Idaho.
PB89-117378/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1):
Keefe Environmental Site, Epping, New Hamp-
shire, March 1988 (Second Remedial Action). Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
21 Mar 88,164pEPA/ROD/R01-88/024
See also PB85-213601.
The report is a record of decision. It described the situ-
ation of industrial wastes disposal pollution (mainly
water pollution) and pollution control at Keefe Environ-
mental Services (KES) site. The report proposed the
selected remedial action for the site and estimated the
cost for the remedial action.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Industrial waste
treatment, "Water pollution control, "Site survey, Stor-
age, Leakage, Surface water, Ground water, Sampling,
Water wells, Potable water, New Hampshire, "Solid
waste management, "Pollution control, "Superfund
program, "Keefe site, Municipal wastes, Remedial ac-
tions, EPA region, Drinking water, Volatile organic
compounds.
PB89-117386/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2k
American Thermostat, New York, January iaaa
(First Remedial Action).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
7 Jan 88,113p EPA/ROD/R02-88/056
The American Thermostat Corporation (ATC) site, oc-
cupying approximately eight acres, is located in South
Cairo, New York. From the mid 1950s through at least
1981, waste containing TCE and PCE sludges were
poured down drains which were connected to an aban-
doned septic system and dumped outside onto plant
grounds. The drains were connected to the aban-
doned septic system. In March 1981, two ATC employ-
ees were observed dumping solvents on plant proper-
ty. This triggered investigations into the company's
waste handling practices by New York State. Water
samples collected in five privately-owned wells in the
ATC vicinity revealed the presence of high levels of
TCE and PCE. As a result, ATC began supplying bot-
tled water to local residents in April 1981. By late 1982,
ATC had installed carbon filters on its own well and the
affected residential wells. Pursuant to a 1983 Consent
Order, ATC and AMRO Realty Operation (AMRO), the
owners of the property, agreed to clean up the site and
its surroundings; supply bottled water for cooking and
drinking purposes; and install, monitor, and maintain
carbon filter systems.
Keywords: "Industrial wastes, "Chlorine organic com-
pounds, "Hazardous materials, "Waste disposal, "Site
surveys, "Earth fills, Sites, Licenses, Public health
Water pollution, Potable water, Solid waste disposal!
Cost analysis, "Solid waste management, "Superfund
program, "Land reclamation, 'Remedial actions
Liquid waste disposal, South Cairo(New York). '
PB89-117394/HSU
PC A10/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2V
York Oil Company, New York, February 1988 (First
Remedial Action).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
9 Feb 88,205p EPA/ROD/R02-88/054
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The York Oil Company site, encompassing 17 acres
was located in Franklin County, New York. The now
dissolved York Oil Company operated a waste oN recy-
cling facility from 1964 to 1977. Crankcase industrial
oils, some containing PCBs, were collected from
sources throughout New England and New York, then
stored and/or processed at the site in eight above-
ground storage tanks, a series of three earthen-
dammed settling lagoons, and at least one below-
ground storage tank. During heavy rains and sprtno
thaws, the oil-water emulsion from the lagoons would
often overflow onto the surrounding lands. In lieu of
paying damages to adjacent farm-owners, in 1964ihe
oil company purchased land in the area of the spills
The York Oil site contamination was first discovered in
1979 by a New York State Department of Transporta-
tion road crew.
Keywords: "Industrial wastes, 'Motor oils, "Waste dis-
posal, "Site surveys, "Earth fills, Sites, Licenses.
Public health, Water pollution, Chlorine organic coin!
pounds, Solid waste disposal, Cost analysis, *So#d
waste management, 'Superfund program, 'Land rec-
lamation, "Remedial actions, 'Liquid waste disooaal
Ranklin County (New York).
PB89-117402/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3k |_
A. Clarke and Son, Spotsylvania County, Viroinla
March 1988. First Remedial Action.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. DC
31 Mar 88,83p EPA/ROD/R03-88/040
The 40-acre L.A. Clarke site, located in Spotsylvania
County, Virginia, began wood preserving operations in
June 1937, which have continued to date. During the
past 50 years, creosote contaminated soil and ews.
ments resulted from facility operations spills waste
streams entering the drainage ditches, and oniite (2*.
posal. Historical aerial photography indicates that from
at least 1953 through 1974 wastewater was '"nnnnnrl
into two concrete-lined pits. Overflow from the corC
crete pits was stored in an earthen pit Excess wat«»
was discharged to drainage ditches and sprayed m
the ground around the storage yard to control dust. In
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
1975, L.A. Clarke & Son, Inc. was issued a National
Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)
permit for outfalls from two onsite drainage ditches
which is still in effect. Phenol is the only toxic contami-
nant regulated by the permit. In 1980, LA. Clarke &
Son, Inc. was classified under RCRA as a treater of
hazardous waste. As part of a State-mandated remedi-
al action in 1982, approximately 1,400 cu yd of soil was
excavated from the processing area.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Creosote, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Earth fills, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys,
Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Substitutes, Cost analysis, 'Solid
waste management, 'Superfund program, 'Land rec-
lamation, 'Municipal wastes, 'Environmental re-
search, 'Remedial actions, Liquid waste disposal,
Spotsylvania County(Virginia).
PB89-117410/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision: (EPA Region 4):
Zellwood Groundwater Contamination Site, Zell-
wood, Florida. December 17,1987. First Remedial
Action. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
17 Dec 87,83p EPA/ROD/R04-88/031
The 57-acre Zellwood site is located in the northwest-
ern comer of Orange County, Florida, situated in a
rural area, the site is occupied by four industries and an
open field containing a marshy wetland area. Approxi-
mately 300 homes within a one-mile radius of the site
depend on private wells as their sole source of potable
water. Between 1963 and 1971, Drum Service Compa-
ny of Florida, a drum recycling facility, operated
wastewater disposal system without a regulatory
permit, treating and disposing of generated
wastewaters in two onsite evaporation/percolation
ponds. In 1980, the company eliminated the use of
these ponds for waste disposal and in August 1981 ini-
tiated drainage and removal of contaminated sedi-
ments from tne ponds. The selected remedial action
for the site includes: excavation of soils and sediments
with onsite incineration and testing of residuals to de-
termine appropriate disposal; ground water pump and
treatment with flushing of the treated ground water
back through the abandoned drum area to facilitate
cleanup of residual contamination; and a long term
ground water monitoring program for private potable
water wells. The estimated present worth cost for the
remedial action ranges from $41,264,244 to
$61,908,244 with estimated present worth O&M of
$13,543,244 (excluding ground water treatment and
remediation).
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Pollution, Pesti-
cides, Chromium, Inorganic compounds, Organic com-
pounds, Water wells, Licenses, Cost analysis,, Evapo-
ration, Ponds, Sediments, Vegetables, Industrial
plants, Fertilizers, Florida, Tables(Data), 'Superfund,
Orange County(Florida), Recycling, Toulene, Clean up.
PB89-117428/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Love Canal, Niagara Falls, New York, October
1M7. Second Remedial Action.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
26 Oct 87,79p EPA/ROD/R02-88/055
See also PB85-232080.
The Love Canal site is located in the southeast comer
of the city of Niagara Falls and is approximately one-
quarter mile north of the Niagara River. The canal was
one of two Initial excavations designed to provide inex-
pensive hydroelectric power for industrial development
around the turn of the 20th century. Hooker Chemicals
and Plastics Corporation (Hooker), now Occidental
Chemical Corporation, disposed of over 21,000 tons of
chemical wastes, including dioxin tainted trichloro-
phenols, into Love Canal between 1942 and 1953. In
the mid to late 1970s, continued periods of high pre-
cipitation contributed to water accumulation in the dis-
posal area causing chemically-contaminated leachate
to be carried to the surface and into contact with resi-
dential basement foundations. Also, dioxin and other
contaminants migrated from Love Canal to the sewers
which have outfalls to nearby creeks. The remedial
program at Love Canal has been extensive and has
occurred In two phases. Approximately 30,400 cu yd -
40 goo cu yd of creak and sewer sediments are con-
taminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodlbenzo-p-dloxin,
commonly referred to as dioxin.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
Sediments, Chemical industry. Plastics, Phenols, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Decision making, Founda-
tions, Residential buildings, Contamination, Streams,
Outfall sewers, Dewatering, Containment, New York,
'LoveCanal, Chemicals, Leachates, Dioxin.
PB89-117436/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Eau Claire Municipal Well Field, Eau Claire County,
Wisconsin (First Remedial Action), March 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
31 Mar 88,48p EPA/ROD/R05-88/064
See also PB85-249571.
The 500-acre Eau Claire Municipal Well Field
(ECMWF) supplies drinking water to approximately
57,600 residents and numerous commercial establish-
ments in the city of Eau Claire and Washington Town-
ship. Ground water from five municipal wells in the
north well field is contaminated with VOCs. The con-
tamination at the ECMWF site has been characterized
as two separate plumes with the estimated volume of
contamination at Plume 1 and 2 of 1.9 x 10(8) ft(3) and
2.6 x 10(8) ft(3), respectively. Concerned about the
future use of the water supply, additional testing in
September 1982 and January 1983 was conducted to
identify the source and extent of VOC contamination.
Several residential wells reported detectable levels of
VOCs including, 1,1-dichloroethene concentrations in
excess of the WDNR health advisory. The Eau Claire
site was given a high Superfund NPL priority by WDNR
due to the nature of the toxicity and persistence of the
contaminants and the large population affected. The
primary contaminants of concern affecting the ground
water are VOCs and include: chloroform, DCE, dichlor-
oethene, PCE, TCE, and trichloroethane. The selected
remedial action for the site is proposed in the report.
The estimated capital cost for the remedial action is
$1,214,200 with annual O&M of $396,700.
Keywords: 'Water supply, 'Water wells, 'Decontami-
nation, Water treatment, Cost estimates, Wisconsin,
Potable water, 'Water pollution control, Air stripping,
Eau Claire(Wi8consin), Volatile organic compounds,
Drinking water.
PB89-117444/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5): La-
Salie Electrical Utllltlea Site, LaSalle, Illinois,
March 1908.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Mar 88,79p EPA/ROD/R05-88/061
See also PB87-189379.
The LaSalle Electrical Utilities (LEU), a former manu-
facturer of electrical equipment, began operating prior
to World War II. Between the late 1940s and 1978,
PCBs were utilized in the production of capacitors. Soil
sampling conducted by the Illinois Environmental Pro-
tection Agency (IEPA) in December 1980 documented
onsite PCB contamination. Continued soil sampling re-
vealed offsite contamination in March and May 1981.
The IEPA ordered the company to cease operations in
May 1981. The U.S. EPA conducted Immediate Re-
moval Actions that involved fencing the LEU property
and capping a portion of the heavily contaminated
onsite property; capping contaminated offsite property
to the south of the site; and staging, sampling, and
packaging PCS waste material for future disposal. The
first operable unit ROD, signed September 19, 1986,
addressed offsite soli contamination. The second re-
medial action operable unit addresses PCB and VOC
contamination in soil, sediments, building structures,
and ground water. The selected remedial action for the
site Is proposed in the report. The estimated present
worth cost for the remedial action is $34,495,180.
Keywords: 'industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
Waste disposal, Site surveys, Licenses, Public health,
Electric utilities site, Illinois, 'Land pollution, 'Polychlo-
rinated btphenyls, 'Superfund program, Liquid wastes,
EPA region. Liquid waste disposal, LaSalle
County(lllinols).
PB89-117592/H8U	PC A13/MF A01
Estimating Toxicity of Industrial Chemicals to
Aquatic Organisms using Structure Activity Rela-
tionships. Volume 1. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
R. G. Clements. Jul 88,283p EPA/500/6-88/001
The report presents 49 SARs (Structure Activity Rela-
tionships) which are currently used by the EPA Envi-
ronmental Effects Branch to estimate the toxicity of in-
dustrial organics to aquatic organisms. These SARs
can be applied to three broad categories of organic
chemicals: (1) neutral organics which are non-reactive
and non-ionizable, (2) neutral organics which are reac-
tive and show excess toxicity in addition to narcosis,
and (3) surface active organic compounds such as sur-
factants, and polycationTc polymers. There are about
40 classes and sub-classes of organic compounds
covered by these SARs. The scope of these SARs in-
clude acute toxicity to vertebrates and invertebrates
(freshwater and saltwater species), chronic toxicity to
freshwater vertebrates and invertebrates, and toxicity
to freshwater algae.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Aquatic animals, 'Organic com-
pounds, 'Industrial wastes, 'Water pollution, Fresh
water, Salt water, Aquatic plants, 'Structure activity re-
lationships, 'Risk assessment, Path of pollutants.
PB89-117634/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
National Radon Measurement Proficiency (RMP)
Program: Cumulative Proficiency Report. Rept. for
Mar-Sep 88,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington. DC.
Sep 88,172p EPA/520/1-88/024
The report is intended for use by Federal, State, and
local officials, radon measurement companies, radon
mitigation contractors, concerned homeowners, and
other persons as an aid in selecting reliable sources of
radon measurement services. The report includes a
complete listing of participants who met EPA's Nation-
al Radon Measurement Proficiency (RMP) Program re-
quirements during Test Round 5, conducted between
March through September 1988, providing each par-
ticipant's performance record, service area, address,
and telephone number. It also indicates whether par-
ticipants are laboratories or distributors, and whether
or not they have an EPA-approved quality assurance
plan.
Keywords: 'Radiation monitoring, 'Radon, Radiation
dosage. Houses, Requirements, Quality assurance,
Methodology, Monitors, Services, US EPA, Residential
buildings, 'Indoor air pollution, National Radon Meas-
urement Proficiency Program.
PBS9-117790/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Development Document for Final Effluent Limita-
tions Guidelines and New Source Performance
Standards for the Ore Mining and Dressing Point
Source Category. Gold Placer Mine Subcategory.
Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Industrial Technology Div.
May 88,280p EPA/440/1-88/061
See also PB82-250952.
The development document presents the technical
data base developed by EPA to support effluent limita-
tions guidelines and standards for the Gold Placer
Mining Subcategory of the Ore Mining and Dressing
Point Source Category. The Clean Water Act (CWA)
designates various levels of technology as the basis
for effluent limitations: best practicable technology
(BPT), best available technology economically achiev-
able (BAT), best conventional pollutant control tech-
nology (BCT), and best available demonstrated tech-
nology (BDT). Effluent limitations guidelines based on
the application of BPT, BAT, and BCT are to be
achieved by existing sources. New source perform-
ance standards (NSPS) based on BDT are to be
achieved by new facilities.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Placer mining,
'Beneficlation, 'Guidelines, 'Standards, 'Gold, Indus-
trial wastes, Technology, Cost analysis, Law enforce-
ment, Effluents, Pollutants, Regulations, 'Water pollu-
tion abatement, Best technology, Point sources, Toxic
substances.
PBM-117857/HSU	PC E99/MF EM
Application for Certification 1989 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1989,12456p
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Set includes PB89-117865 through PB89-117964. See
also PB88-198197.
No abstract available.
PB89-117865/HSU	PCS75.00/MFS17.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1989 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Mitsubishi Motors Corpora-
tion.
Mitsubishi Motors Corp., Tokyo (Japan).
1989, 599p EPA/460/A-89/1
See also PB89-117873, and PB88-125125. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB89-117857.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Fuel sys-
tems, Ignition systems, Air pollution control, 'Light
duty vehicles, 'Light duty trucks, 'Exhaust emission
control devices, Evaporative emission control de-
vices, "Certification, Mitsubishi Motors Corporation,
Motor vehicles(1989 models), Compliance.
PB89-117873/HSU	PCJ232.50/MFS24.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1989 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Ford Motor Company.
Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Ml.
1989,2074p EPA/460/A-89/2
See also PB89-117865, PB89-117881, and PB88-
125059. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB89-117857.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, sen/ice accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'internal combustion engines, Fuel sys-
tems, Ignition systems. Air pollution control, 'Light
duty vehicles, 'Light duty trucks, 'Exhaust emission
control devices, 'Evaporative emission control de-
vices, 'Certification, Ford Motor Company, Motor vehi-
cles(1989 models), Compliance.
PB89-117881/HSU	PC$73.50/MF$17.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1989 M<*Jel Year
Light-Duty Vehicle* - American Honda Motor
American Honda Motor Co., Inc., Gardena, CA.
1989 584p EPA/460/A-89/3
See also PB89-117873, PB89-117899, and PB88-
125067. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency,' Washington, DC.	coo/mf foq
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB89-117857.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: Internal combustion engines, Fuel systems,
Ignition systems, Air pollution control, 'Light duty vehi-
cles, 'Exhaust emission control devices. Evaporative
emission control devices, 'Certification, American
Honda Motor Company, Motor vehicles(1989 models),
Compliance.
PB89-117899/HSU	PC$41.50/MF$22.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1989 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - U.S. Technical Research
Company (Peugeot).
U.S. Technical neseai
NJ.
1989,1632p EPA/460/A-89/4
See also PB89-117881, PB89-117907, and PB89-
125091. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC,
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB89-117857.
Research Co. (Peugeot), Lyndhurst,
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Fuel sys-
tems, Ignition systems, Air pollution control, 'Light
duty vehicles, 'Exhaust emission control devices,
'Evaporative emission control devices, 'Certification,
US Technical Research Company-Peugeot, Motor ve-
hicles) 1 989 models), Compliance.
PB89-117907/HSU	PC*249.60/MF$25.60
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1989 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - General Motor*.
General Motors Proving Ground, Milford, Ml.
1989,2240p EPA/460/A-89/5
See also PB89-117899, PB89-117915, and PB88-
198221. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Afao available in set of 11 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB89-117857.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he Intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Fuel sys-
tems, Air pollution control, Ignition systems, 'Light
duty vehicles, 'Exhaust emission control devices,
'Evaporative emission control devices, 'Certification,
Motor vehicles(1989 models), Compliance, General
Motors Corporation.
PB89-117915/HSU	PCS180.00/MF822.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1989 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles • Volkswagen.
Volkswagen of America, Inc., Ann Arbor, Ml.
1989,1545p EPA/460/A-89/6
See also PB89-117907, PB89-117923, and PB88-
198254. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99/MF E99
PB89-117857.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger care,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
control, Fuel systems, Ignition systems, 'Light duty ve-
hicles, 'Exhaust emission control devices, 'Evapora-
tive emission control devices, 'Certification, Motor ve-
hicles(1989 models), Volkswagen of America Incorpo-
rated, Compliance.
PB89-117923/HSU	PC*64.50/MFt17.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1989 Model Yew
Light-Duty Vehicles - Mercedes-Benz of North
America, inc.
Mercedes-Benz of North America, Inc., Montvale, NJ
1989,491 p EPA/460/A-89/7
See also PB89-117915, PB89-117931, and PB88-
125083. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available In set of 11 reports PC E99/MF E99
PB89-117857.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine m-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords'. 'Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
control, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Exhaust emission con-
trol, 'Evaporative emission control devices, 'Certifica-
tion, Motor vehicles(1989 models), Mercedes-Benz of
North America Incorporated, Compliance.
PB89-117931/H8U	PC8130.S0/MF*ia fin
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. DC
Application for Certification 1989 Model Yaar
Light-Duty Vehicles • Volvo Cars of North Amer-
ica.
Volvo of America Corp., Rockletgh, NJ.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
1989,1152p EPA/460/A-89/8
See also PB89-117923, PB89-117949, and PB88-
125133. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB89-117857.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides Information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
control, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Exhaust emission con-
trol devices, 'Evaporative emission control devices,
'Certification, Volvo of America Corporation, Motor ve-
hicles! 1 989 models), Compliance.
PB89-117949/HSU	PC$122.00/MF$19.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application lor Certification 1989 Model Year
light-Duty Vehicles - Audi.
Audi NSU Auto Union A.G., Neckarsulm (Germany,
F.R.).
1989, 1070d EPA/40O/A-89/9
See also PB89-117931, PB89-117956, and PB88-
198254. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 11 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB89-117857.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, Ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
control, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Exhaust emission con-
trol devices, 'Evaporative emission control devices,
'Certification, Audi NSU Auto Union AG, Motor vehi-
des(1989 models), Compliance.
PB89-117S56/HSU	PCS27.00/MFI17.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1989 Model Year
Ught-Duty Trucks - Range Rover.
Range Rover of North America, Inc., Lanham, MD.
198?. 119p EPA/460/A-89/10
See also PB89-117949, PB89-117964, and PB88-
125141. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
Also amiable in set of 11 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB89-117857.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he Intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, Ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides Information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
control, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Exhaust emission con-
trol devices, 'Evaporative emission control devices,
'Certification, Range Rover of North America, Motor
vehicles(1989 models), Compliance.
PB89-117964/HSU	PC»110.50/MF$18.50
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1989 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles • Mazda Motor Corporation.
Mazda Motor Corp., Hiroshima (Japan).
1989,950p EPA/460/A-89/11
See also PB89-117956, and PB88-125075. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available In set of 11 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB89-117857.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
control, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Exhaust emission con-
trol devices, 'Evaporative emission control devices,
'Certification, Mazda Motor Corporation, Motor vehi-
cles(l989 models), Compliance.
PB89-117972/HSU	PC E18/MF E10
Application for Certification 1989 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicles.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1989,349p
Set Includes PB89-117980 through PB89-117998, See
also PB88-198262.,
No abstract available.
PB89-117980/HSU	PC$27.50/MF»17.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1969 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicles • Mitsubishi.
Mitsubishi Motors Corp., Tokyo (Japan).
1989,124p EPA/480/A-89/12
See also PB89-117998, and PB88-198320. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 2 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB89-117972.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data Include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
Issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, 'Diesel en-
gines, Air pollution control. Heavy duty engines, 'Ex-
haust emission control devices, 'Evaporative emission
control devices, 'Certification, 'Heavy duty en-
gines(1909 models), Mitsubishi Motors Corporation,
Compliance.
PB89-117998/HSU	PC$38.00/MF$17.00
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1989 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines - Hino Motors.
Hino Motors (USA), Inc., New York.
1989,225p EPA/460/A-89/13
See also PB89-117980, and PB88-125190. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 2 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB89-117972.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'internal combustion engines, 'Diesel en-
gines, Air pollution control, 'Heavy duty engines(1989
models), 'Exhaust emission control devices, 'Evapo-
rative emission control devices, "Certification, Heavy
duty engines, Hino Diesel Trucks USA Incorporated,
Compliance.
PB89-118319/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for An-
thracene.	. r-
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Apr 87,101pEPA/600/X-87/147
The report was prepared to support listings of hazard-
ous constituents of a wide range of waste streams and
to provide health-related limits for emergency actions.
Published literature and information obtained from
EPA program office files were evaluated as they per-
tained to potential human health, aquatic life and envi-
ronmental effects of hazardous waste constituents.
Quantitative estimates have been presented, provided
sufficient data are available. Existing data are insuffi-
cient to determine a Reference Dose or a carcinogenic
potency factor for anthracene. Data to determine the
Reportable Quantity (RQ) value, based on chronic tox-
icity, are insufficient
Keywords: 'Anthracene, 'Hazardous materials, 'Tox-
icity, 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Profiles, Ex-
posure, Toxicology, Standards, Aquatic biology, Envi-
ronmental surveys, Humans, Physiochemical proper-
ties, Carcinogens, Concentration(Composition),
Absofption(Bioiogy), 'Health effects, 'Environmental
effects, Risk assessment, Path of pollutants, Pharma-
cokinetics, CAS 120-12-7.
PB89-118327/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-
Methoxyethanol Acetate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Apr 87,50p EPA/600/X-87/158
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-
methoxyethanol acetate was prepared to support list-
ings of hazardous constituents of a wide range of
waste streams under Section 3001 of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to pro-
vide health-related limits for emergency actions under
Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and Information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. 2-methoxyethanol acetate has been deter-
mined to be a systemic toxicant The daily exposure to
the human population (including sensitive subgroups)
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
that is likely to be without appreciable risk of deleteri-
ous effect during a lifetime, for 2-methoxyethanol ace-
tate is 0.002 mg/kg/day for inhalation exposure. The
Reportable Quantity (RQ) value for 2-methoxyethanol
acetate is 100.
Keywords: "Toxicity, 'Hazardous materials, Profiles,
Exposure,	Concentration(Composition),
Absorption(Biology), Toxicology, Metabolism, Stand-
ards, Carboxylic acid esters, Fishes, Humans, Respira-
tion, "Methoxyethanol acetate, "Health effects, "Envi-
ronmental effects, CAS 110-49-6, Environmental
transport, Risk assessment, Acetic acid/methoxy ethyl
ester, Pharmacokinetics.
PB89-118335/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
SITE (Superfund Innovative Technology Evalua-
tion) Demonstration of the Shlrco Infrared Incin-
erator,
Enviresponse, Edison, NJ.
H. O. Wall, and S. Rosenthal. Oct 88,16p EPA/600/D-
88/199
Contract EPA-68-03-3255
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
A Shirco Infrared System used for a removal action at
a PCB-containing oil refining waste site in Brandon,
Florida (a suburb of Tampa) was evaluated. The eval-
uation included a determination of toxics in the materi-
al being decontaminated as well as all the effluent
streams such as ash, air emissions and wastewater.
These streams were analyzed for heavy metals, or-
ganics, dioxins, furans as well as NOx, and Inorganic
acids. Leaching tests were performed on the ash. The
results indicated that the PCB was reduced from 5 to
100 ppm to less than 1 ppm in the ash, which was the
purpose of the removal action. Although research had
indicated that the lead compounds in the ash would
become insoluble because they would be complexed
with carbon, the ash could not be considered non-
leachable based on the EP toxicity tests.
Keywords: "Incinerators, "Waste disposal, "Lagoons,
Decontamination, Hazardous materials, Industrial
wastes, Recycling, Florida, Petroleum industry, Tech-
nology innovation, "Shirco Infrared System, "Super-
fund, SITE program, Remedial action, EPA region 4,
Toxic substances, Brandon(Florida).
PB89-118343/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Incinerating the Pesticide Ethylene Dlbromlde
(EDB): A Field-Scale Trial Bum Evaluation of Envi-
ronmental Performance,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
D. A. Oberacker, D. R. Roeck, and R. Brzezinski. Oct
88,15pEPA/600/D-88/198
Prepared In cooperation with Alliance Technologies
Corp., Bedford, MA., and Rollins Environmental Serv-
ices, Inc., Deer Park, TX.
The paper is an overview of the trial burn of a repre-
sentative quantity of waste EDB pesticides and is
based upon results presented in the Final Report pre-
pared for Rollins by Alliance Technologies Corpora-
tion. The results demonstrated that the brominated
material could be safely incinerated with no significant
bromine stack emissions. Recent experience by indus-
try with brominated wastes strongly suggested that the
major objection to incinerating EDB, tne uncontrolled
release of bromine (Br) to the atmosphere, could be
overcome by the addition of sulfur to the combustion
process. One of the major objectives of the trial burn
was to verify that the present of sulfur as S02 would
force the conversion reaction of Br to hydrogen
bromide(HBr).
Keywords: "Waste treatment, "Pesticides, "Inciner-
ators, "Hazardous materials, Sulfur dioxide, Hydrogen
bromide, Chemical reactions, Air pollution abatement,
"Ethylene dibromide, Ethane/dibromo.
PB89-11B350/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Evaluation of Ozone Exposure Indices for Relat-
ing Exposure to Plant Production and for Estimat-
ing Agricultural Losses. Technical rept.,
NSI Technology Services Corp., Corvallis, OR.
E H Lee, D. TTingey, and W. E. Hogsett. Oct 88,
118p EPA/600/3-88/039
Contract EPA-68-03-3246
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
The objective of the report is: (1) to compare alterna-
tive ozone exposure indices that relate well to plant re-
sponse and are useful in developing future standards
for ozone; (2) to estimate standard errors and confi-
dence intervals of regression coefficients and expo-
sure levels of fixed yield losses. Plant growth data for
soybean, wheat, corn, sorghum, and cotton, from
NCLAN studies were regressed against the exposure
indices. Optimum performance, when the minimum
sum of squares criterion was used, was not attained
for any single index across crops/species, sites, and
years. However, indices that cumulated concentra-
tions over time and emphasized ozone concentrations
of 0.06 ppm or higher correlated well with plant growth.
The censored cumulative sum of ozone concentra-
tions of 0.06-0.07 ppm and a sigmoid-weighted cumu-
lative index (centered at 0.062 ppm) were among the
topranked indices, having potential as a future stand-
ard. These findings indicate that: (1) peak concentra-
tions are important but lower concentrations should be
included in the calculations; (2) increased plant sensi-
tivity occurs between flowering and maturity; (3) plants
respond to cumulative impact.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Plant growth, "Farm crops,
"Agronomy, Exposure, Concentration(Composition),
Indexes(Ratios), Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), "Air
pollution effects(Plants).
PB89-118368/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Continuous Measurement of Diesel Particulate
Emissions (Journal Version). Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
S. Cha, F. Black, and F. King. C1988,9p EPA/600/J-
88/161
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v38
n3 p252-257 Jul 88. Prepared in cooperation with Illi-
nois Univ. at Chicago Circle.
Evaluation of emerging diesel particulate emissions
control technology will require analytical procedures
capable of continuous measurement of transient or-
ganic and elemental carbon emissions. Procedures
based on the flame ionization properties of organic
carbon and the opacity or light extinction properties of
elemental carbon are described. The instrumentation
provided adequate time resolution to observe the tran-
sient concentrations associated with typical automo-
bile driving patterns. Accuracy and precision are evalu-
ated by comparing integrated average results to meas-
urements, using classical gravimetric filtration tech-
niques. Emissions from two diesel passenger cars with
substantially different chemical compositions are ex-
amined. Mass specific extinction coefficients are de-
veloped using the Beer-Lambert Law and a simplified
linear model which proved adequate for particulate
concentrations typical of diluted passenger car ex-
haust. (Copyright (c) 1988 APCA.)
Keywords: "Diesel engines. 'Exhaust emissions, 'Par-
ticles, 'Combustion products, 'Chemical analysis,
Carbon, Organic compounds, Monitoring, Air pollution
control equipment, Reprints, Air toxic substances.
PB89-118376/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Comparison of Techniques for Measurement of
Ambient Levels of Hydrogen Peroxide (Journal
Version). Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
T. E. Kleindienst, P. B. Shepson, D. N. Hodges, C. M.
Nero, and R. R. Arnts. c1987,12p EPA/600/J-88/159
Contracts EPA-68-02-4033, EPA-88-02-4443
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v22
n1 p53-61 Jan 88. Prepared in cooperation with Texas
Tech Univ., Lubbock. Dept. of Chemistry and Biochem-
istry, National Center for Atmoapheric Research, Boul-
der, CO., and Unisearch Associates, Inc., Concord
(Ontario). Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric
Sciences Research Lab.
A study measured hydrogen peroxide (H202) from
three sources: (1) zero air in the presence and ab-
sence of common interferences; (2) steady-state irra-
diations of hydrocarbon/NOX mixtures; and (3) ambi-
ent air. The techniques employed for measuring H202
included infrared absorption from a diode laser, fluo-
rescence from an enzymatically produced complex,
and chemiluminescence from reaction with luminol.
Four systems, each of which utilized one of the above
techniques, were compared with respect to sensitivity,
selectivity, and dynamic range in measuring H202
concentrations ranging from 0.062 to 128 ppbv. There
was no indication of interferences for an H202 level of
6 ppbv except in the luminol technique, where a nega-
tive interference was caused by S02. Agreement
among techniques was much worse for measurement
of H202 produced in the photochemical mixtures. Sig-
nificant concentrations of organic peroxide were
measured by the enzymatic technique. During ambient
monitoring the techniques employed showed quantita-
tive agreement. (Copyright (c) 1987 American Chemi-
cal Society.)
Keywords: 'Hydrogen peroxide, 'Chemical analysis,
'Air pollution, Photochemical reactions, Monitoring,
Tests, Environments, Quantitative analysis, Sampling.
PB89-118384/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Study of Ammonia Source at a Portland Cement
Production Plant (Journal Version). Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. L. Cheney, and K. T. Knapp. 1987,7p EPA/600/J-
87/446
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association 37
p1298-1302 1987.
A source and process sampling study was conducted
at a dry process Portland Cement production plant
One aspect of the study focused on the source or point
of NH3 within the production process. An extensive
number of process solids from raw feeds to baghouse
solids were collected and analyzed for NH4(1 +). The
results show the presence of NH4(1 +) in many proc-
ess samples, and that its collection efficiency in the
baghouse is related to baghouse temperature. The
data also show that NH3 is derived from the shale
used in the raw feed at this cement production plant
Keywords: 'Ammonia, 'Exhaust gases, Portland ce-
ments, Ammonium compounds, Air pollution control
equipment, Particles, Industrial wastes, Monitoring,
Bagnouses.
PB89-118392/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Achieving a Transmission Electron Microscopy
Clearance Criterion at Asbestos Abatement SKee
In New Jersey,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
J. A. Brownlee, J. H. Lucas, K. J. Walls, J. J. Murphy,
and C. DiNardo. Oct 88,16p EPA/600/D-88/227
Prepared in cooperation with New Jersey State Dept.
of Health, Trenton, PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati,
OH., and Computer Sciences Corp., Cincinnati, OH.
Representatives of the New Jersey Department of
Health's Asbestos Control Service conducted final
clearance evaluations at 79 schools where asbestos
removal took place during the Summer of 1987. The
evaluations entailed a thorough visual inspection of
each abatement area by an experienced inspector, the
performance of aggressive air sampling, and sample
analysis by transmission electron microscopy
(Yamate-revised Method). Each abatement site was
evaluated against an absolute air clearance criterion of
0.01 fiber per cubic centimeter (f/cu cm). The results
of the study support the premise that a thorough visual
inspection strongly influences passing a transmission
electron microscopy (TEM) clearance test. These data
also demonstrate that post abatement air concentra-
tions that meet the clearance criterion (0.01 f/cu em)
can be achieved by a detailed cleaning, thorough
visual inspection, and subsequent use of aggressive
air sampling techniques.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'School buildings, 'Air pollution
abatement, 'Electron microscopy, New Jersey, Chem-
ical analysis, Carcinogens, Monitoring, 'Cleanup oper-
ations, 'On-site inspections, Air toxic substances!
PB89-118400/HSU	PC A03/MF AQl
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triancde
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research LabT
Particulate and Organic Emissions from Unvanted
Kerosene Heaters, Test House Study,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
M. D. Jackson, S. A. Rasor, R. K. Clayton, and E. E.
Stephenson. 1988,12p EPA/600/D-88/226
Contract EPA-68-02-3988, EPA-68-02-4701
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper discusses a study of particulate and organic
emissions from unvented kerosene heaters in a test
house. Results from the test house are compared with
those from large (room size) chambers, using EPA's
indoor air quality (IAQ) model. In the test house, un-
vented kerosene heater particulate emissions were
collected on Teflon-coated glass fiber filters. Organic
emissions were trapped on Tenax-GC and XAD-2 sor-
bents, and the organic compounds were identified by
gas chromatograpny/mass spectrometry. Target com-
pounds were then quantified. CO, C02, and Su2 were
monitored during each test. Weather data were also
collected for correlation with emissions and house
characterization data. The test house is a typical three-
bedroom, two-bath, single-story frame house with
crawl space. It has natural gas heat and electric cen-
tral air conditioning. The house is 8 years old and has
the energy efficiency features of homes built during the
early 1980s.
Keywords: 'Space heaters, 'Houses, Exhaust gases,
Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide, Sulfur dioxide,
Monitoring, Chemical analysis. Kerosene, 'Indoor air
pollution, Particulates, Volatile organic
compounds(VOC), Risk assessment.
PM9-118426/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Wastewater Treatment and Receiving Water Body
Interactions,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
L A. Rossman. Oct 88, 50p EPA/600/D-88/206
The dynamic nature of the interactions between
wastewater discharges and receiving water quality can
complicate the analysis of pollution abatement pro-
grams; a numerical example of ammonia toxicity is
used to Illustrate this. It shows the role that correlated
variables, chemical transformations, and water quality
criteria play in determining water quality responses
and their environmental significance. Several methods
of waste load allocation (the process of Identifying dis-
charge limits satisfying water quality criteria) that take
these dynamic interactions into account are reviewed.
Also reviewed are pollution control strategies based
on variable effluent limits. These can lower treatment
costs by allowing discharge levels to change by time of
year or with conditions in the receiving water. A waste
bad allocation method for seasonal discharge limits is
introduced that maintains an equal risk of water quality
criteria violation with nonseasonal limits.
Keywords: 'Waste water, 'Water treatment, 'Water
pollution abatement, Allocations, Seasonal variations,
Ammonia, Toxicity, Predictions, Mixing, Mathematical
models, Computer systems programs, 'Risk assess-
ment, 'Discharge(Water).
PB00-118434/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Asbestos Problem Resolution,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
W C Cain, R. C. Wilmoth, and T. J. Powers. Oct 88,
1(jp EPA/600/D-88/209
The paper discusses the variety of regulations applica-
ble jo asbestos in buildings, ranging from the Clean Air
Act to the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act
Remedial actions are discussed (removal, enclosure
and encapsulation) and the ongoing research related
to those areas is briefly described. Operational and in-
terpretations! problems with encapsulant use are also
discussed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Asbestos, 'Regula-
tions, Construction materials. Remedial actions.
pMfr.118442/H8U	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
f^2Sl^n&^^I^AHInltv»nd SpeeMcttyof
osteins Wests Strsam Treatment,
Washington Univ., Seattle.
C E. Furlong, J. A. Sundstrom, E. B. Weller, P. W.
Ch^jng, and J. Yin. c1988,12p EPA/600/D-88/229
Pub. in Environmental Biotechnology, p271-280 1988.
Prepared in cooperation with California Univ., Berke-
ley. Dept. of Chemical Engineering. Sponsored by En-
vironmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
The purpose of the research was to test the feasibility
of using immobilized proteins as highly specific ad-
sorbers of pollutants in waste streams. The Escheri-
chia coli periplasmic phosphate-binding protein served
as both a model system for determining the feasibility
of such an approach and at the same time was used to
produce a cycling ligand adsorber capable of efficient-
ly scrubbing phosphate from a feed stream. Three dif-
ferent procedures for the removal of cadmium from
feed streams were developed. One involved an immo-
bilized metallothionein (a natural mammalian protein).
The second involved use of an immobilized plant pep-
tide, and the third involved the synthesis of a resin that
mimics the backbone structure of the naturally occur-
ring plant peptides. A bioreactor for continuous protein
production was developed to minimize the cost of pro-
tein production. The bioreactor contained immobilized,
non-growing E. coli cells. The cell line had been muta-
genized and selected for the direct secretion of peri-
plasmic proteins into the medium. The cells contained
the gene that encodes the phosphate-binding protein.
Keywords: 'Phosphates, 'Proteins, 'Waste treatment,
'Water pollution control, 'Cadmium, Escherichia coli,
Peptides, Scrubbers, Reprints, Metallothionein, Carrier
proteins, Bacterial proteins, Bioreactions.
PB89-118459/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Evaluation of a Teflon Helix Liquid-Liquid Extrac-
tor for Concentration of Trace Organic! from
Water Into Methylene Chloride (Journal Version).
Journal article,
Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA. Environmental Studies
Inst.
R. J. Baker, J. Gibs, A. K. Meng, and I. H. Suffet.
C1987,14p EPA/600/J-87/416
Grant EPA-R-810484
Pub. in Jnl. Water Research, v21 n2 p179-190 Oct 87.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
A continuous liquid-liquid extraction system (CLLE) for
concentrating trace orgarics from water into methyl-
ene chloride for analysis was designed, built and eval-
uated. The CLLE uses Teflon coils for phase contact
and gravity phase separation. The system includes a
self-contained excess solvent distillation chamber, so
the methylene chloride is recovered and recycled. The
units are portable, and are currently In service sam-
pling raw and treated water at locations in the north-
eastern United States.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Drinking water, 'Surface
waters, 'Trace elements, 'Solvent extraction, 'Organ-
ic compounds, Chemical analysis, Performance eval-
uation, Design criteria, ConcentratiorKComposition).
Water pollution, Portable equipment Continuous sam-
pling, Chloromethanes, Reprints. 'Water pollution de-
tection, Teflon coils, Water pollution sampling.
PBS9-118467/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Relationship of Nonspecific Bronchial flespon-
slveneee to Respiratory Symptoms in a Random
Population Sample (Journal version). Journal arti-
cle,
Groningen Rijksuniversiteit (Netherlands).
B. Rijcken, J. P. Schouten, S. T. Weiss, F. E. Speizer,
and R. van der Lende. c1987,9p EPA/600/J-87/437
Grant EPA-R-811650
Pub. in American Review of Respiratory Disease, v136
p62-68 1987. Prepared in cooperation with Harvard
Medical School, Boston, MA. Dept of Medicine. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
The relationship of airways responsiveness to respira-
tory symptom prevalence has been studied in a cross
sectional analysis of a random subpopulatlon from a
large scale population study on chronic obstructive
lung disease (COLD) being conducted in the Nether-
lands- In 1905 subjects with complete data on age,
sex, area of residence, smoking habits, and respiratory
symptom prevalence, airways responsiveness was as-
sessed by a histamine challenge test Subjects with a
decrease in FEV1 of at least 10% at histamine con-
centrations up to 16 mg ml were considered to be re-
sponded. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness appeared
to be age dependent with the proportion of responders
increasing from 13% in the age group 14-24 to 40% in
the age group of 55-64. Respiratory symptom out-
comes included chronic cough, chronic phlegm, dysp-
nea, bronchitis episodes, persistent wheeze and asth-
matic attacks. Respiratoiy symptom prevalence rates
were significantly higher in responders. Regardless of
smoking category, responders were more likely to be
symptomatic than nonresponders. Both cigarette
smoking and bronchial responsiveness were signifi-
cantly associated with each symptom in a dose-re-
sponse relationship. The results are consistent with
the hypothesis that nonspecific bronchial responsive-
ness is associated with the occurrence of chronic res-
piratory symptoms.
Keywords: 'Respiratory diseases, 'Smoking, 'Bron-
chial provocation tests, Aging(Biology), Histamine,
Respiratory function tests, Humans, Reprints.
PB89-118475/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Motor Vehicle Emissions under Reduced Ambient
Temperature Idle Operating Conditions (Journal
Version). Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. Baugh, W. Ray, and F. Black. c1987,9p EPA/600/J-
87/445
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v21 n10 p2077-
2082 1987. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop
Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Gasoline motor vehicle organic emissions are elevated
by reduced ambient temperature operating conditions,
and the practice of warming vehicles with extended
idle periods, as is common during winter months. Total
hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and
formaldehyde emissions are examined under idle op-
eration at 20 F, 40 F, and 68 F with six gasoline fueled
vehicles (including noncatalyst, early catalyst, and late
model catalyst) and a methanol fueled prototype vehi-
cle. The emissions were substantially reduced by the
late model catalyst control technologies at all tem-
peratures examined. Formaldehyde emissions were
elevated with methanol fuel. (Copyright (c) Pergamon
Journals Ltd. 1987.)
Keywords: 'Exhaust gases, 'Motor vehicle engines,
'Gasoline engines, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide,
Nitrogen oxides, Formaldehyde, Seasonal variation,
Air pollution, Atmosphere temperature, 'Air toxic sub-
stances, Methanol fuels.
PB89-118483/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Relating Error Bounds for Maximum Concentra-
tion Estimates to Diffusion Meteorology Uncer-
tainty (Journal Version). Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. S. Irwin, S. T. Rao, W. B. Petersen, and D. B. Turner.
C1987,13p EPA/600/J-87/447
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v21 n9 P1927-1937
1987. Prepared in cooperation with New York State
Dept. of Environmental Conservation, Albany.
The paper relates the magnitude of the error bounds of
data, used as inputs to a Gaussian dispersion model,
to the magnitude of the error bounds of the model
output. The research addresses the uncertainty in esti-
mating the maximum concentrations from elevated
buoyant sources during unstable atmospheric condi-
tions, as these are most often of practical concern in
regulatory decision making. The ability to develop spe-
cific error bounds, tailored to the modeling situation,
allows more informed application of the model esti-
mates to the air quality issues. The numerical uncer-
tainty analysis is performed using the Monte Carlo
technique to propagate the uncertainties associated
with the model input Uncertainties were assumed to
exist in four model input parameters: (1) wind speed;
(2) standard deviation of lateral wind direction fluctua-
tions; (3) standard deviation of vertical wind direction
fluctuations; and (4) plume rise. The authors conclude
that the error bounds for the estimated maximum con-
centration and the distance to the maximum can be
double that of the error bounds for individual model
input parameters. These results allow estimation of
minimum bounds on errors in model output when con-
sidering reasonable input error bounds.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Atmospheric diffusion, 'Error analysis,
"Air quality, Wind direction, Plumes,
Concentration(Composition), Wind velocity, Monte
Carlo method, Transport properties, Air pollution, Re-
prints, 'Gaussian plume models.
PB89-118491/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Relationships between Direction of Wind Flow
and Fine Particle Sulfur Concentrations within and
Upwind of St. Louis, MO. (Journal Version). Jour-
nal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
A.	P. Altshuller. 1987,13p EPA/600/J-87/448
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v21 n5 p1023-1032
1987. See also PB87-176707.
The relationships between the monthly averages of di-
urnal fine particle sulfur concentrations and wind flow
direction with season of the year are evaluated using
measurements at urban and rural locations within the
St. Louis area. The results confirm and quantify the re-
gional contribution to fine particle sulfur concentra-
tions within the St. Louis urban area. The contribution
of local scale photochemical oxidation of S02 to parti-
cle sulfur to S02 is estimated as is the contribution of
local scale direct emissions of particle sulfur. Evidence
is provided of downward mixing during the morning
hours of fine particle sulfur along with 03 from layers
aloft. A positive gradient in fine particle sulfur concen-
trations from west to east is confirmed which is shown
to be primarily the result of much lower concentration
in flow from the northwest of the St. Louis area. These
results are consistent with other monitoring measure-
ments available from midcontinental non-urban loca-
tions.
Keywords: 'Wind direction, 'Air pollution, 'Aerosols,
'Sulfur, Particles, Evaluation, Measurement, Rural
areas, Emission, Photochemical reaction, Ozone,
Concentration(Composition), Diumal variations, Re-
prints, Air quality data, Saint Louis(Missourl).
PB89-118509/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Dispersion of Dense Qas Releases In a Wind
Tunnel,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
W. B. Petersen, W. H. Snyder, J. Y. Ku, and S. T. Rao.
Oct 88,13p EPA/600/D-88/207
Prepared in cooperation with New York State Dept. of
Environmental Conservation, Albany.
The paper documents two dense gas projects under-
taken at the US EPA Fluid Modeling Facility. The study
investigated the basic nature of the transport and dis-
persion of a dense gas plume in a simulated neutral at-
mospheric boundary layer. The two dense gas re-
leases were C02 and SF6. The configuration of the
wind tunnel was the same for both gases, except that
the wind speed had to be increased 20% in the SF6
study to avoid laminarization of the plume. The plumes
were tracked by mixing a small fraction of ethane with
the dense gases and using flame ionization detectors
to measure downwind lateral and vertical concentra-
tion profiles. The increased density clearly has very
significant effects. The vertical spread of the SF6
plume was about two-thirds that of the C02 plume.
Perhaps the most unusual finding was that the shapes
of the vertical distributions remained similar far down-
stream and high non-Gaussian in the outer reaches of
the plume.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust gases, 'Atmos-
pheric diffusion, 'Wind tunnel models, Aerodynamic
configurations, Gas laws, Density ratio, Path of pollut-
ants.
PB89-118517/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Measurement of Dry Deposition Using Imperfect
Sensors and In Non-Ideal Terrain (Journal Ver-
sion). Journal article,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Oak Ridge, TN. Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion
Div
B.	B. Hicks, and R. T. McMillen. 1988,18p EPA/600/J-
Pub1?n°Boundary-Layer Meteorology 42, p79-94 1988.
Soonsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park. NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
Important questions concerning the turbulent ex-
change of atmospheric pollutants between the air and
natural surfaces urgently require answers, but sensors
for many important species are not yet sufficiently well
developed for use with standard micrometeorological
methods; hence, there is a need to develop methods
by which deficient sensors can be used in microme-
teorological applications. Here, methods based upon
the assumption of cospectral similarity are explored.
Initial tests indicate that it is possible to estimate day-
time turbulent fluxes with sensors having response
times considerably greater than values normally
quoted and to compute first-order corrections for the
error resulting from the lack of detection of high-fre-
quency turbulence. It is suggested that a similar
method might be used to derive flux data in terrain
more complex than can be handled by conventional
micrometeorology.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric composition, 'Meteorologi-
cal probes, Mathematical models, Atmospheric diffu-
sion, Detectors, Air pollution, 'Acid deposition, Path of
pollutants.
PB89-118S2S/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
National Survey of Solid Waste (Municipal) Land-
fill Facilities. Draft rept. (Final).
Westat, Inc., Rockville, MD. Research Div.
Sep 88,74p EPA/530/SW-88/034
Contract EPA-68-01 -7359
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The report describes the methodology and results of a
national survey of Subtitle D municipal landfill facilities.
A landfill is classified as a MUNICIPAL landfill if it re-
ceives primarily household refuse and commercial
waste, and is not a hazardous waste landfill.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Munici-
palities, Refuse, Residential buildings, Environmental
surveys, Populations, Design, Questionnaire, Sam-
pling, Errors.
PB89-118533/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Acid Air and Aerobiology Related to the Maturing
Human Lung,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
T. B. Montonen, R. C. Graham, W. Hofmann, and A.
Eisner. Oct 88,30p EPA/600/D-88/223
Contract EPA-68-02-4450
Prepared in cooperation with Duke Univ., Durham, NC.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The effect of 'acid air' on human health was studied by
considering the effects of hygroscopicity upon aerosol
deposition in the lung as a function of human subject
age. Children are a critical sub-population to be incor-
porated into health effects analyses following ambient
exposures. Sulfate particles are products of the com-
bustion of fossil fuels, are consequences of basic per-
sonal needs and industrial uses, and are prevalent in
the atmosphere. Experimental hydroscopic growth in-
formation is introduced into a validated mathematical
model describing aerosol deposition in the human
lung. The results are intended for hazard evaluations
pertinent to humans subsequent to exposures to pol-
lutant atmospheres. The influences of hygroscopic
growth, taking place when inhaled particles enter the
warm, moist numan respiratory tract, are significant;
and should not be ignored in considerations of threat-
to-human-health. The findings can be directed into
aerosol therapy functions also, leading to more effi-
cient administrations of drugs via the Inhalation route.
Therefore, the findings, considering age-dependency,
are of potential application to pediatric medicine.
Keywords: 'Lung, 'Air pollution, 'Sulfates,
'Aging(Biology), Respiration, Exposure, Mathematical
models, Aerosols, Hygroscopicfty, Children, 'Health
effects, 'Acid rain, Risk assessment.
PB89-118541/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Update of Innovative Thermal Destruction Tech-
nologies,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
C. C. Lee, and G. L. Huffman. Oct 88,39p EPA/600/D-
88/225
Five innovative technologies for thermally destroying
hazardous wastes were selected and described in the
paper. They are Oxygen-Enriched Incineration, Wes-
tinghouse/O'Connor Combustor, Circulating Bed
Combustion, Infrared System, and Plasma Arc. Two
important criteria used in selecting these technologies
are they are at least at the stage of pilot-scale demon-
stration, and appear to be promising in terms of de-
struction effectiveness.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal
'Industrial wastes, 'Incinerators, Design criteria, Per-
formance evaluation, Air toxic substances. Risk as-
sessment.
PB89-118558/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for N-
Ethylaniline.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Dec 86,44p EPA/600/X-87/026
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for N-
ethylaniline was prepared to support listings of hazard-
ous constituents of a wide range of waste streams
under Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide health-related
limits for emergency actions under Section 101 of the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensa-
tion and Liability Act (CERCLA). Both published litera-
ture and information obtained from Agency program
office files were evaluated as they pertained to poten-
tial human health, aquatic life and environmental ef-
fects of hazardous waste constituents. Quantitative
estimates have been presented provided sufficient
data are available. Existing data are insufficient to de-
termine a Reference Dose (RfD) or a carcinogenic po-
tency factor for N-ethylaniline. The Reportable Quanti-
ty (RQ) value of 1, 10, 100, 1000 or 5000 pounds is
used to determine the quantity of a hazardous sub-
stance for which notification is required in the event of
a release as specified by CERCLA based on chronic
toxicity. The RQ value of N-ethylaniline is 1000.
Keywords: 'Anilines, 'Toxicity, 'Hazardous materials.
Profiles, Exposure, Concentration(Composition), Toxi-
cology, Standards, Amines, Fishes, Algae, Humans,
Laboratory animals, 'Health effects, 'Environmental
effects, Ethylaniline, Benzenamine/N-ethyl, Environ-
mental transport, Risk assessment, Pharmacokinetics.
PB89-118S66/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methyl Acetate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Dec 86,46p EPA/600/X-87/027
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methy Acetate was prepared to support listings of haz-
ardous constituents of a wide range of waste streams
under Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide health-related
limits for emergency actions under Section 101 of the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensa-
tion and Liability Act (CERCLA). Both published liters-
ture and information obtained from Agency program
office files were evaluated as they pertained to poten-
tial human health, aquatic life ana environmental ef-
fects of hazardous waste constituents. Quantitative
estimates have been presented provided sufficient
data are available. Methyl acetate has been deter-
mined to be a systemic toxicant. A Reference Doae
(RfD), defined as an estimate (with uncertainty scan-
ning perhaps an order of magnitude) of the daily expo-
sure to the human population (including sensitive nib-
groups) that is likely to be without appreciable risk of
deleterious effect during a lifetime, for methyl acetate
is 1 mg/kg/day for oral exposure. Existing data are In-
sufficient to determine an RQ value.
Keywords: 'Acetates, 'Toxicity, 'Hazardous materi-
als, Profiles, Exposure, Concentratton(Compoattk>nl.
Absorption(Blology), Toxicology, Excretion,
lism, Standards, Fishes, Vertebrates, Humans Rmdl
ration, 'Methyl acetate, 'Health effects, *Environ>rS!!
tal effects, Acetic acld/(Methyleater), CAS 79.2o!a
Environmental transport, Risk assessment, Pharmacol
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB89-118624/HSU	PC A22/MF A01
New York State Energy Research and Development
Authority, Albany.
Performance Monitoring of Advanced Technology
Wood Stoves: Field Testing for Fuel Savings, Cre-
osota Bulld-Up and Emissions. Volume 1 and 2.
Technical Appendix. Final rept.
OMNI Environmental Services, Inc., Beaverton, OR.
Nov 87,511 p NYSERDA-87-26
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Spon-
sored by New York State Energy Research and Devel-
opment Authority, Albany, CONEG Policy Research
Center, Inc., Washington, DC., and Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Washington, DC.
The report presents the results of a two-year study that
monitored smoke emissions of wood stoves in 68
homes near Glens Falls, New York and Waterbury,
Vermont, to determine whether new wood stove tech-
nologies proved to be as effective in reducing smoke
emissions when used in the home as laboratory tests
had showed. The monitoring found that the new
stoves failed to reduce smoke emissions to the extent
found in the laboratory. However, they did consume
less wood than conventional stoves. The study found
that, in the home, wood stove emissions varied greatly
for the exact same model stove; however, some new
wood stove models did reduce smoke emissions. Non-
catalytic low-emission stoves produced, on average,
less smoke than conventional stoves; catalytic stoves,
as a group, showed a statistically insignificant reduc-
tion in smoke emissions compared to conventional
stoves. Firebox size proved to be a major factor in de-
termining smoke emissions from all stoves; generally,
the larger the firebox, the higher the emission rate.
Keywords: 'Stoves, 'Creosote, 'Exhaust emissions,
Smoke abatement, Design criteria, Performance eval-
uation, 'Wood burning appliances, 'Indoor air pollu-
tion.
PBS»-118632/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Removal of VOCa (Volatile Organic Compounds)
from Drinking Water by Adsorption,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
T. F. Speth. Oct 88,43p EPA/600/D-88/224
The efficiency of using adsorbents to remove VOCs
from potable water is discussed. The effects of vari-
able influent concentrations, adsorption competition,
natural dissolved organic matter, humic complexa-
tions, and microbial growth are evaluated. Column
configurations, application methods, regeneration
methods, and pretreatment options also are dis-
cussed.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water pollution abate-
ment, 'Water treatment, Water pollution, Growth,
Microorganisms, Humans, Adsorption, Public health,
Guidelines, Standards, 'Volatile organic compounds
(VOC), Pretreatment(Water), Drinking water.
PB89-118640/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Behavlroral Effects of Microwaves: Relationship
of Total Dose and Dose Rate,
Tulsa Univ., OK.
M. E. O'Connor, and R. Strattan. Oct 88,67p EPA/
600/1-88/005
Contract EPA-68-02-4120
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The goal of the research was to compare the relation-
ship of whole body averaged spscific absorption rate
(SAR) and specific absorption (SA) to determine
whether dose rate or dose was the better predictor of
biological effects. Sperm positivs Long-Evans female
rats were exposed to 2450 MHz CW microwave radi-
ation for 1 -3 hours at approximately 10 W/kg. The ma-
ternal subjects were then observed for natural delivery
of their litters. Sensitivity to thermally induced seizures
and huddling were studied in the offspring. Analyses
revealed that there were no statistically significant dif-
ferences between exposed and control offspring on
the behavioral indices. The behavior did not appear to
be affected by prenatal exposure to microwave radi-
ation at this level. The huddle sizss became smaller as
the pups agsd both in sxposed and control offspring.
Keywords: 'Microwaves, 'Biological radiation effects,
'Radiation dosage, 'Pregnancy, Laboratory animals,
Animal behavior, Dosage rate, Seizures.
PB89-1186S7/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Characterization of the Ah Receptor,
Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Dept. of Veteri-
nary Physiology and Pharmacology.
S. H. Safe. Oct 88,32p EPA/600/1-88/006
Grant EPA-R-823626
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Cincin-
nati, OH.
The rat liver cytosoiic receptor protein containing the
Ah-receptor protein was purified and studied using a
photochemical assembly of 2,3,7,8-TCDD. The un-
bound receptor protein rapidly lost its capacity to bind
2,3,7,8-TCDD; however, the 2,3,7,8-TCDD bound Ah
receptor did not readily dissociate, probably reflecting
the nigh potency and persistence of the toxicity of
2,3,7,8-TCDD. Results are based on a new one-step
methodology which allows activation parameters to be
calculated directly from raw experimental measure-
ments, which allows the uncertainty in the activation
enthalpy to be obtained unambiguously. The enthal-
pies of activation for both the formation and the inter-
action of the receptor-ligand complex are the same
within the statistical uncertainty. This led to a kinetic
model in which the receptor was activated to an inter-
mediate followed by competitive degradation of the
unoccupied receptor and formation of the receptor-
ligand complex, both of these latter steps being fast
compared with the first.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Industrial wastes, 'In vitro analy-
sis, Reaction kinetics. Enthalpy, Sense organs, Chemi-
cal reactions, Mathematical models, Carcinogens,
Risk assessment.
PB89-118665/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Demonstration and Evaluation of the CAPTOR
Process for Sewage Treatment Final rept. 1 Apr
83-31 Jul 86,
Water Research Centre, Stevenage (England).
P. F. Cooper. Oct 88,127p EPA/600/2-88/060
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency. Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The CAPTOR process had been proposed as a
method of quickly and economically uprating existing
activated sludge processes. A full-scale evaluation
was initiated for uprating the activated sludge plant
and Freehold Water Reclamation Works (near Stour-
bridge, England) to achieve year-round nitrification.
The process suffered from several major operational
problems. The report describes how these problems
were tackled by pilot-scale work and in a demonstra-
tion plant at Freehold before implementation on the
full-scale plant at Freehold. The work showed that it
was possible to raise the biomass concentration in the
CAPTOR unit to 6000 - 8000 mg/l, but it also showed
that the respiration rate of the biomass in the pads is
less than the same biomass if freely suspended and
less than normal activated sludge. Several variants of
the CAPTOR process were tried out in the pilot and
full-scale systems. An economic evaluation of the
CAPTOR variants was carried out.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Activated sludge
process, Pilot plants, Municipalities, Nitrification, Water
quality, Water pollution control, Cost effectiveness,
Evaluation, England, 'Foreign technology, 'Municipal
sludge.
PB8S-118673/HSU	PC A11 /MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Evaluation, Development and Verification of Field
Methods for Rapid, On-Sits Determination of Ap-
propriated Chemical Protective Clothing. Final
rept.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
T. R. Carroll, and A. D. Schwope. Oct 88,243p ADL-
60570-03, EPA/600/2-88/063
Contract EPA-68-03-3293
Sponsored bv Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
Personnel involved in chemical spill emergency re-
sponse and hazardous waste site activities often have
the need to make on-site decisions regarding the ef-
fectiveness and limitations of their available chemical
protective clothing. Three gravimetric test methods,
typically used in the laboratory have been evaluated
for their applicability and overall usefulness in field kit
form: an immersion test, a degradation test, and a per-
meation cup test. Each method was evaluated using a
test matrix comprised of four neat chemicals; three,
two-component mixtures thereof; and two common
protective materials. The permeation cup was selected
as the preferred method for field application. Three
prototype permeation cup field kits were fabricated
and subjected to preliminary field trial; the method is
also being considered for standardization by ASTM.
Preliminary results from these trials were favorable;
additional laboratory field testing is recommended in
order to establish the validity and limitations of the
method.
Keywords: 'Protective clothing, 'Hazardous materials,
'Permeability, Performance evaluation. Standards,
Specifications, Field tests, Emergency planning.
PB89-118681/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Evaluation of Perchloroethylene Emissions from
Dry Cleaned Fabrics. Final rept. Mar-May 88,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
B. A. Tichenor, L. E. Sparks, and M. D. Jackson. Oct
88,51 p EPA/600/2-88/061
The report gives results of short-term evaluation of
perchloroethylene (perc) from dry cleaned fabrics to
determine: (1) how the introduction of fresh dry clean-
ing into a house affects the indoor concentration of
perc, and (2) the effectiveness of 'airing-out' for reduc-
ing perc emissions. Small chamber tests were con-
ducted to determine perc emission characteristics for
three fabrics at several temperatures and air exchange
rates. Test house studies were conducted to deter-
mine the indoor concentration of perc due to the
placement of dry cleaned clothing in the house. Based
on study results, and assuming that test conditions
were representative of normal dry cleaning and con-
sumer practices, the following conclusions were
reached: (a) emissions from freshly dry cleaned cloth-
ing cause elevated levels of perchloroethylene in resi-
dences; and (b) for the three fabrics tested, 'airing-out'
of dry cleaned clothing by consumers will not be effec-
tive in reducing perchloroethylene emissions. Signifi-
cant variations in dry cleaning practices and/or in the
mix of fabrics and clothing being cleaned could provide
different results and conclusions.
Keywords: 'Tetrachloroethylene, 'Dry cleaning, Air
pollution control. Houses, Industrial wastes, 'Indoor air
pollution. Air toxic substances, Volatile organic com-
pounds (VOC).
PB69-116699/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Ecological Quality Assurance Workshop.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Oct 88,47p EPA/600/9-88/020
Proceedings of a workshop held at Denver, CO on
March 29-31,1988.
The publication is a workshop proceedings where 40
people from about 25 organizations across the U.S.
and Canada discussed QA concepts and how they
apply to ecological research. After an introductory ses-
sion, three plenary papers were given (Morrison from
Canada; Robarge from NCSU; and Taylor, consultant)
which were then followed by group discussion. The
proceedings reflect these activities.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Ecology, Bioclimatology, Bio-
geography, Ecological succession, Environments, Life
cycles, Quality assurance, Research projects.
PB89-118707/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Solicitation for Research Qrant Proposals, 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development
Jul 88,15p EPA/600/8-88/086
Supersedes PB88-144159.
Grants are an important means by which EPA under-
writes research on environmental topics in the aca-
demic sector. Therefore, the document solicits investi-
gator-Initiated proposals to address ORD's priority re-
search needs. The solicitation relates only to the re-
search grants procedures administered by the ORD's
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Office of Exploratory Research and outlines the proce-
dures for applying for grant assistance.
Keywords: "Grants, Methodology, Environments,
Manuals, Research projects, 'Solicitation.
PB89-118715/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Determination of Atmospheric Dilution for Emer-
gency Preparedness: A Joint EPA-DOE (Environ-
mental Protection Agency-Department of Energy)
Technical Workshop Held on October 15-17,1986,
Research and Evaluation Associates, Inc., Chapel Hill,
NC.
S. E. Rogers. Oct 88,257p* EPA/600/9-88/019
Contract EPA-68-02-4129
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
The workshop was held in Research Triangle Park, NC
in October of 1986. The objectives of the workshop
were to review the current methods of determining at-
mospheric dilution for use in hazard identification,
emergency preparedness planning, and emergency
response, to provide recommendations for choosing
among these methods, and, finally, to define the role
of the meteorologist in hazard identification, emergen-
cy planning, etc. Several invited papers were present-
ed, and panel discussions were held to meet the ob-
jectives. The results are presented and discussed.
Keywords: *Air pollution abatement, "Atmospheric dif-
fusion, "Hazardous materials, "Meteorological data,
"Meetings, "Air toxic substances, "Emergency plan-
ning, Risk assessment, US EPA, US DOE.
PB8B-118723/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
¦line Emissions Forecasts for Industrial Non-
Baseline —¦ ¦ ¦¦ ¦ v,wa«i« ¦ ui muua
Boiler Sources. Final rept. Oct 85-Mar 86,
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
T. Hogan. Oct 88,116p* EPA/600/8-88/102
Contract EPA-68-02-4202
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
Res^arch Laii ^ anc* Energy Engineering
The report gives regional air emission forecasts from
three Process Model Projection Technique (PROMPT)
runs. These estimates illustrate a range of possible
future emissions. PROMPT, one of a number of Na-
tional Acid Precipitation Assessment Program emis-
sion forecasting models, projects the emissions of ni-
trogen oxides and sulfur oxides from industrial sources
such as process heaters, wood boilers, furnaces,
dryers, kilns, engines, and turbines through the year
2030. It excludes emissions from the combustion of
natural gas, distillate or residual fuel oil, or coal in in-
dustrial Boilers.
Keywords: "Industrial heating, "Air pollution control,
"Mathematical models, "Forecasting, Nitrogen oxides,
Sulfur oxides, Heating equipment, "Air toxic sub-
stances, "Acid precipitation.
PB89-118731/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Emissions Forecast* (or Industrial Process
Sources. Final rept. May-Sep 86,
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
VA.
T. Hogan. Oct 88,58p" EPA/600/8-88/103
Contract EPA-68-02-4202
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lao.
The report gives national and regional air emissions
forecasts from several sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide
(SOx and NOx) emissions control Process Model Pro-
jection Technique (PROMPT) test runs. PROMPT, one
of a number of National Acid Precipitation Assessment
Prooram emission forecasting models, projects the
emissions of NOx and SOx from industrial sources
such as process heaters, wood boilers, furnaces,
dryers kilns, engines, and turbines through the year
2030. PROMPT excludes emissions from the combus-
tion of natural gas, distillate or residual fuel oil, or coal
in industrial boilers. These emissions forecasts have
been generated from test data to ascertain model per-
formance; they do not necessarily reflect EPA, DOE, or
Interagency Task Force on Acid Precipitation policies
or projections.
Keywords: "Industrial heating, "Air pollution control,
"Mathematical models, "Forecasting, Nitrogen oxides.
Sulfur oxides, Heating equipment, "Air toxic sub-
stances, "Acid precipitation.
PB89-118749/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Advanced Utility Simulation Model, Model Oper-
ations (Version 1.0). Final rept. Sep 80-Aug 85,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Coll. of Engineer-
ing.
C. J. Badger, and W. H. May. Oct 88,138p EPA/600/
8-88/071E
See also PB89-101208. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report is one of several in a series describing the
initial development-by the Universities Research
Group on Energy (URGE)-of the Advanced Utility Sim-
ulation Model (AUSM), one of four stationary source
emission and control cost forecasting models devel-
oped by the U.S. EPA for the National Acid Precipita-
tion Assessment Program (NAPAP). The AUSM model
projects air pollution emissions (S02, NOx, and partic-
ulate matter), costs of electric generation, electric rate
schedules, costs of emissions control, fuel consump-
tion by type, electric generating technology construc-
tion, and generating technology utilizations (i.e., ca-
pacity factors) for existing and new electric utility gen-
erating units by state. The particular report descnbes
the methodology employed to run the model as it was
initially developed (Version 1.0). The changes to the
methods of operation of the AUSM model (i.e., the
AUSM as revised by the Science Applications Interna-
tional Corporation (SAIC) research team to produce
Version 3.0) are described in another report in the
same series.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Emission, Electric util-
ities, Cost analysis, Simulation, Forecasting, Sulfur di-
oxide, Nitrogen oxides, Particles, Fuels, Mathematical
models, Stationary sources, Particulate, Advanced
Utility Simulation Model, AUSM.
Not available NTIS
Research Triangle
PB89-118756
Health Effects Research Lab.,
Park. NC.
Etfect of In vivo Ozone Exposure to Dorset
Sheep, an Animal Model with Low Levels of Eryth-
rocyte Giucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Ac-
tivity (Journal Version). Journal article,
Massachusetts Univ., Amherst. Div. of Public Health.
G. S. Moore, E.J. Calabrese, and E. Schulz. c1984,9p
EPA/600/J-84/414
Grant EPA-R-805797
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in JEPTO, v5 n4-5 p71-781984.
Female Dorset sheep were exposed in vivo to ambient
ozone levels of 0.12 ppm, 0.25 ppm, 0.50 ppm, 0.70
ppm for 2.75 hours and the effects of this exposure
upon eiythrocytes were studied. Ozone exposure in-
duced biochemical evidence of oxidant stress as indi-
cated by decreases in reduced glutathione (GSH)
levels (at 0.5 and 0.7 ppm ozone) and acetylcholines-
terase (at 0.7 ppm), increases in methemoglobin (from
0.12 ppm upward) and decreases in red blood cell
counts (0.12 ppm upward). However, only the de-
crease in GSH levels at the 0.5 ppm ozone ensure
was statistically significant (p=0.05). (Copyright (c)
1984 by Chem-Orbital.)
Keywords: "Sheep, 'Ozone, "Toxicity, Erythrocytes,
Exposure, Glutathione, Concentration(Composition),
Reprints, 'Air pollution effects(Animals), "Glucose-
phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
PB89-11B764/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Comparisons of Various Filtration Media,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
G. S. Logsdon. Oct 88,27p EPA/600/D-88/217
The report reviews use of filtering materials in diatoma-
ceous earth (DE) filtration, slow sand filtration, and co-
agulation-rapid rate filtration. For DE filtration, in-
creased effluent clarity (lower turbidity) is generally at-
tained at the expense of increased rates of head loss
increase. Changing the surface characteristics of DE
from electronegative to electropositive permits use of
coarser grades of DE for effective removal of fine parti-
cles. An important consideration in selecting media for
slow sand filtration is whether to use media mined and
prepared by a filter media processor, or whether to use
a locally quarried and processed material as filter
media, based on pilot plant studies of the filter media
being considered and the source water which will be
treated at the full scale plant. Trends in filter media
design for plants employing coagulation and rapid rate
filtration have varied over tne decades. Recently a 600
MGD direct filtration plant was built with very deep
beds consisting of a single medium anthracite. Filter
bed design is continuing to evolve and change.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Filtration, Filter materi-
als, Clarification, Water quality, Coagulation, Particles,
Physlcochemical properties, Contaminants, Potable
water, Municipalities, "Drinking water, Risk assess-
ment.
PB89-118772/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Construction of Piasmlds for Use In Risk Assess-
ment Research,
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Medical School.
G. J. Zylstra, S. M. Cuskey, and R. H. Olsen. Oct 88,
16p* EPA/600/D-88/216
Grant EPA-R-812679
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Gulf
Breeze, FL.
The report describes a series of selftransmissible and
nonselftransmissible (cloning vector) plasmids con-
structed to compare results from different laboratory
tests and plasmid systems. Plasmids were designed to
overcome problems of reproducibility, confusion due
to use of different genetic structures with a wide range
of capabilities, and background contamination when
enumerating released organisms or recipients in gene
transfer determinations. Inclusion of one or more such
plasmids may alleviate some ambiguity in analysis of
data from different environmental milieus.
Keywords: 'Bioengineering, "Genetics, Genes, Public
health, Biosensors, Microbiology, Deoxyribonucleic
acids, Safety engineering, "Risk assessment.
PB89-118780	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Toxicity and Accumulation of Permethrln In the
Ttlapla 'Oreoehromls aureus' (Journal Version).
Journal article,
Ministry of Agriculture, Jerusalem (Israel).
A. M. Herzberg. C1988,6p EPA/600/J-88/186
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth,
Pub. in the Israeli Jnl. of Agriculture-Bamidgeh, v40 n1
P35-39 1988.
LC50 (24 hours) of permethrin to the tilapia Oreochro-
mis aureus ranged between 6.23 and 6.54 micro-
grams/1 (95% CI 5.57 to 7.00) as measured in two
static exposures at 24 deg C. No residues were detect-
ed in the muscle of O. aureus after an exposure of uo
to 4.8 micrograms/1. After exposure to 1.4 micro-
grams/1 no residue was found in the gills. Permethrin
concentration in the muscle reached 1,400 micro-
grams/g and in the gills 6,000 micrograms/g after ex-
posure to concentrations of 12 to 14 micrograms/1
Residue concentrations in the gills were four times
higher than those in the muscle. Permethrin concen-
tration under static conditions decreased very quickly
and long-term, low-level cases of fish poisonira in tha
field seem very unlikely.
Keywords: 'Fishes, "Insecticides, "Pesticides, 'Toxici-
ty, Concentration(Compositlon), Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Exposure, Tissue distribution, Reprints, 'Per.
methrin, 'Tilapia, 'Oreochromis aureus. Cyclopropane
carboxyllc acid/(dichloroethenyl)-dimeth^(phana».
phenyl), Bioaccumulation, Pesticide residues.
PBS9-118798	Not available NTIS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab Art.
OK.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Rapid, Sensitive Method for the Analysis of Halo-
genated Oases In Water (Journal Version). Journal
article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Ada, OK.
J. W. Cochran. C1988, 5p EPA/600/J-88/187
Contract EPA-68-03-3315
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
Pub. in Jnl. of High Resolution Chromatography and
Chromatography Communications, v11 n§ p663-665
Sep 88.
A GC method has been developed for the quantitative
analysis of halogenated gases (chloromethane, bro-
momethane, chloroethane, vinyl chloride) in water. An
aqueous sample is purged directly to a cryogenically
cooled, capillary column for 45 seconds followed by
separation of the analytes by temperature pro-
grammed gas chromatography. A Nation tube is used
to dry the purge stream and selectively remove metha-
nol which can co-elute with the compounds of interest.
Examples of the rapid, purge/GC technique are also
presented for volatile halocarbons and aromatics.
(Copyright (c) 1988 Dr. Alfred Huethig Publishers.)
Keywords: 'Halogen organic compounds, *Gas chro-
matography, Chemical analysis, Water analysis, Low
temperature tests, Concentration(Composition), Re-
prints, 'Volatile organic compounds, 'Water pollution
detection.
PB89-118806	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
CASE-SAR (Computer Automated Structure Eval-
uatlon/Structure-Actlvlty Relationship) Study of
Mammalian Hepatic Azoreductlon (Journal Ver-
sion). Journal article,
Environmental Health Research and Testing, inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
S. Nesnow, H. Bergman, B. J. Bryant, S. Helton, and A.
Richard. C1988,16p EPA/600/J-88/189
Contract EPA-68-02-4456
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health,
v24 p499-513 1988.
A group of 36 aryl azo dyes were examined for their
ability to be reduced by rat liver microsomal azoreduc-
tase. This group of azo dyes featured a variety of sub-
stituents including sulfonic acid, phenol, nitro, amide,
and methyl functionalities on phenyl, alpha-naphthyl,
and beta-naphthyl rings. Reduction rate constants for
aach dye were obtained using a spectrophotometry
method and anaerobic incubation conditions. The re-
duction rate constants and dye structures provided the
data for a CASE-SAR fragment analysis and three
major structure fragments associated with the ability of
thisgroup of azo ayes to be reduced were identified.
These structural fragments may be useful in future pre-
dfctions of the ability of azo dyes to undergo reduction
by rat liver azoreductase.
Keywords: 'Azo dyes, 'Carcinogens, 'Toxicology,
'Oxidoreductases, laboratory animals, Predictions,
Computer programs, Reprints, 'Structure-activity rela-
tionship, 'Liver microsomes.
peas-119283	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Constructing Microbial Strain* for Degradation of
Hafooenated Aromatic Hydrocarbons,
Minnesota Univ., St. Paul. Dept. of Biochemistry,
p J. Chapman. C1988,1Bp EPA/600/D-88/214
sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Gulf
freeze, FL.
Pub. in Environmental Biotechnology, p81-95 1988.
Tha book chapter examines methods that have been
uaed to isolate and to construct bacteria capable of
growing aeroblcally with chlorinated aromatic com-
pounds, including chlorinated hydrocarbons. It also de-
scribes some recent work in this area of research.
Keywords: 'Genetic intervention, 'Chlorine organic
compounds, 'Pseudomonas, "Alcaliaenes, 'Aerobic
bacteria, 'Biotransformation, 'Aromatic hydrocarbons,
"Pollution control, Genetic conjugation, Plasmids,
Seiectk>n(GenetlC8), Molecular cloning, Reprints,
'Btodegradation.
PB89-119291	Not available NTIS
Effects of Pulp Mill and Ore Smelter Effluents on
Vertebrae of Fourhorn Sculpln: Laboratory and
Field Comparisons,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
F. L. Mayer, B. E. Bengtsson, S. J. Hamilton, and A.
Bengtsson. c1988,15p EPA/600/D-88/215
Prepared in cooperation with Columbia National Fish-
eries Research Lab., MO., National Swedish Environ-
ment Protection Board, Nykoeping. Brackish Water
Toxicology Lab., and Umea Univ. (Sweden).
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment,
ASTM STP 971, American Society for Testing and Ma-
terials, v10 p406-419 1988.
Vertebral quality of fourhorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus
quadricornis) exposed to pulp mill or ore smelter ef-
fluents was investigated in the laboratory and in con-
taminated sites near the Swedish coast of the Gulf of
Bothnia. Actual effluent samples from pine and birch
pulp processes (chlorine bleaching) and a simulated
effluent of the ore smelter effluent were tested in the
laboratory. In the field, fish were collected from both
reference (control) and contaminated sites. Laboratory
exposures of pulp mill effluent significantly affected
biochemical composition of vertebrae, but no statisti-
cally significant effects were observed in fish from the
field. Mechanical properties were significantly affected
in fish from both the laboratory and field; spinal anom-
alies ranged from 19 to 38%. Major effects on me-
chanical properties of vertebrae were observed in the
ore smelter study, but the properties affected in labora-
tory fish differed from those affected in the field. Inci-
dence of spinal anomalies was 47 to 58% in the labo-
ratory and 29% in the field. Effects on fish in the labo-
ratory were related to those observed in the field for
pulp mill effluents, but the stimulated effluent for the
ore smelter elicited vertebral responses different from
those in fish exposed to actual effluents in the field.
(Copyright (c) American Society for Testing and Mate-
rials, 1988.)
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'industrial wastes, 'Pulp mills,
'Smelters, Bothnia Gulf, Sweden, Vertebrae, Abnor-
malities, Chlorine organic compounds, Arsenic, Re-
prints, 'Water pollution effectsjAnimals), 'Fourhorn
sculpin, 'Myoxocephalus quadricornis, Chemical ef-
fluents, Heavy metals.
PB89-119309	Not available NTIS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Desorption of 2,3,7,8,-TCDO from Soils into
Water/Mathanol and Methanol Liquid Phases,
Maryland Univ., College Park.
R. W. Walters, A. Guiseppi-Elie, M. M. Rao, and J. C.
Means. C1986,14p EPA/600/D-88/221
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
Pub. in Chlorinated Dioxlns and Dibenzofurans in Per-
spective, p157-1691988.
The kinetics of 2,3,7,8-TCDD sorption and desorption
were investigated. Results are presented for two differ-
ent soils. The experimental data suggest that the sorp-
tion process appears to be much mora rapid than the
desorption process. Desorption was attempted with
methanol as an extractant. Methanol, however, was
only able to extract a small percentage of the TCDD.
The findings of significant irreversibility suggest the
local equilibrium assumed in most transport models
will not be adequate for describing the transport of
2,3,7,8-TCDD In soils.
Keywords: 'Land pollution, "Soils, Sorption, Desorp-
tion, Methyl alcohol, Reprints, 'Dibenzodioxin/tetra-
chloro, 'Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin, 'Environmental
transport, 'Toxic substances.
PB89-110317	Not available NTIS
Effects of Aquatic Humlc Substance* on Analysis
for Hydrogen Peroxide Using Pefoxldase-Cata-
lyzed Oxidation* of Trlarylmethanes or p-Hydrox-
ypenylacotic Add (Journal Version). Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
R. G. Zepp, Y. I. Skurlatov, and L. F. RHmiller. C1988,
13p EPA/600/J-88/139
Prepared in cooperation with Akademiya Nauk SSSR,
Moscow.
Pub. In Environmental Technology Letters, v9 n4
p287-298 Apr 88.
A sensitive procedure is described for trace analysis of
hydrogen peroxide in water. The process involves the
peroxide-catalyzed oxidation of the leuco forms of two
dyes, crystal violet and malachite green. The sensitivi-
ty of this procedure, as well as of another procedure
based on the peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of p-hy-
droxyphenylacetic acid (POHPA), is decreased in natu-
ral water samples and in aqueous solutions of aquatic
humic substances. This decrease, which is less pro-
nounced with the POHPA method, may be caused by
competitive reactions of peroxidase intermediates with
phenolic components of the humic substances. (Copy-
right (c) Publications Division Selper Ltd., 1988.)
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Surface waters, 'Humus,
"Hydrogen peroxide, "Trace elements, Oxidation,
Methanes, Catalysts, Performance evaluation, Chemi-
cal analysis, Water pollution, Reprints, 'Water pollu-
tion detection, Acetic acid/hydroxyphenyl.
PB69-119325	Not available NTIS
Operating a Small FuN-Scale Ion Exchange
System for Uranium Removal (Journal Version).
Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research Div.
R. T. Jelinek, and T. J. Sorg. c1988,8p EPA/600/J-
88/140
Prepared in cooperation with Arber (Richard P.) Asso-
ciates, Inc., Denver, CO.
Pub. in Jnl. of the American Water Works Association,
v80 p79-83 Jul 88.
The design and operation of a small full-scale ion ex-
change system used to remove uranium from well
water in the foothills west of Denver, Colorado, are de-
scribed. Consistent removal of uranium was accom-
plished by anion exchange treatment at a reasonable
cost. Because of a lack of clear regulatory guidelines,
disposal of the uranium-laden regenerant wastewater
was the most complicated task associated with this
treatment system. Gamma radiation buildup did not
appear to be a health concern. (Copyright (c) Journal
AWWA1988.)
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, 'Uranium,
"Water wells, Ion exchangers, Design criteria. Per-
formance evaluation, 'Cleanup operations,
*Denver(Colorado).
PB89-119333/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Xenon-133 in California, Nevada, and Utah from
the Chernobyl Accident (Journal Version). Journal
drtido
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
R. W. Holloway, andC. K. Liu. 1968,6p EPA/600/J-
88/141
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v22
n5 p583-585 May 88.
The accident at the Chernobyl nuclear reactor in the
USSR introduced numerous radioactive nuclides into
the atmosphere, including the noble gas xenon-133.
EPA's Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory,
Las Vegas, NV, detected xenon-133 from the Cherno-
byl accident in air samples from a monitoring network
that consists of 15 stations located in Nevada, Utah,
and California. The peak concentration of xenon-133
was found in weekly air samples collected during May
6-13, 1986. The network average concentration of
xenon-133 was 41 pCi cu m during that time. A lower
average was found in air samples collected in the fol-
lowing week. These concentrations are comparable to
or less than that of natural radionuclides (such as
radon) normally present in the atmosphere, and are
much lower than the peak xenon-133 concentration
measured in New York State following the accident at
the Three Mile Island reactor.
Keywords: 'Fallout, 'Xenon, 'Radioactive isotopes,
'Air pollution, 'Nuclear reactors, Monitoring, Chemical
analysis, Reprints, 'Chernobyl(USSR), Risk assess-
ment.
PB89-119341	Not available NTIS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Anaerobic Biotransformations of Pollutant Chemi-
cal* In Aquifers (Journal Version). Journal article,
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Dept. of Botany and Micro-
biology.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
J. M. Suflita, S. A. Gibson, and R. E. Beeman. c1988,
17p EPA/600/J-88/142
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
Pub. in Jnl. ot Industrial Microbiology, v3 n3 p179-194
May 88.
Anaerobic microbial communities sampled from either
a methanogenic or sulfate-reducing aquifer site have
been tested for their ability to degrade a variety of
groundwater pollutants, including halogenated aromat-
ic compounds, simple alkyl phenols and tetrachlor-
oethylene. The haloaromatic chemicals were biode-
graded in methanogenic incubations but not under sul-
fate-reducing conditions. In contrast, the degradation
of cresol isomers occurred in both types of incubations
but proved faster under sulfate-reducing conditions.
The requisite microorganisms were enriched and the
degradation pathways for p-cresol under the latter
conditions involved the anaerobic oxidation of the aryl
methyl group. Tetrachloroethylene was also degraded
by reductive dehalogenation but under both incubation
conditions. The initial conversion of this substrate to
trichloroethylene was generally faster under methano-
genic conditions. These results illustrate that pollutant
compounds can be biodegraded under anoxic condi-
tions and that a knowledge of the predominant ecolog-
ical conditions is essential for accurate predictions of
the transport and fate of such materials in aquifers.
(Copyright (c) 1988 Society for Industrial Microbiolo-
gy)
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Biodeterioration, 'An-
aerobic processes, "Halohydrocarbons, Aquifers,
Chemical reactions, Reprints, Path of pollutants.
PB89-119358	Not available NTIS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Evaluation of Mobility of Pesticides In Soli Using
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)
Methodology (Journal Veraion). Journal article,
Utah Water Research Lab., Logan.
J. E. McLean, R. C. Sims, W. J. Doucette, C. R. Caupp,
and W. J. Grenney. c1988,16p EPA/600/J-88/143
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Engineering, v114 n3
P689-703 Jun 88.
A methodology developed by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency for evaluating the mass transport
potential of hazardous organic compounds through
environmental pathways is used to determine the po-
tential mobility of eight chlorinated and organophos-
phorus pesticides in soil systems. Soil treatability stud-
ies are conducted to determine first-order degradation
constants. Partition coefficients among water, soil, and
air phases are calculated. Results of the treatability
study along with calculated partition coefficients are
used as input to a finite difference mathematical model
to evaluate mass transport potential, including amount
and extent of movement, through environmental path-
ways to groundwater and to the atmosphere. Applica-
tion of the model using results of the treatability stud-
ies provides a methodology for predicting the behavior
of hazardous constituents in soil systems, and for
ranking chemicals with regard to the need for manage-
ment and control for protection of public health and the
environment. (Copyright (c) ASCE1988.)
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Soil chemistry, 'Transport
properties, Mass transfer, Kinetics, Mathematical
models, Predictions, 'Path of pollutants, Organic load-
ings.
PB89-119366/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Sorption on Geologic Material of Vary-
ing Organic Carbon Content (Journal Veraion).
Journal article,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
D. C. Bouchard, and A. L. Wood. 1988,11p EPA/600/
J-88/144
Pub. in Toxicology and Industrial Health, v4 n3 p34l-
349 May/Jun 88.
Sorption of three pesticides on geologic material rang-
ing in organic carbon content from 0.33 to 6.9 g/kg
was measured in soil columns using a miscible dis-
placement technique. An octanol-water partitioning
model was shown to be inappropriate for predicting
sorption of the less hydrophobic pesticides on the low
organic carbon materials.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Sorption, 'Soil chemistry,
Water pollution, Physiochemical properties, Mathe-
matical models, Predictions, 'Path of pollutants.
PB89-119374	Not available NTIS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Oxygen Transfer through Flexible Tubing and Its
Effects on Ground Water Sampling Results (Jour-
nal Version). Journal article,
Illinois State Water Survey Div., Champaign.
T. R. Holm, G. K. George, and M. J. Barcelona. C1988,
8p EPA/600/J-88/145
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
Pub. in Ground Water Monitoring Review, v8 n3 p83-
89,1988.
A model for the diffusion of gases through polymeric
tubing was derived which predicts that the amount of
gas transferred is proportional to the tubing length and
inversely proportional to the pumping rate. The model
was experimentally tested and confirmed for oxygen
transfer through fluorinated ethylene-propylene copol-
ymer (FEP) tubing using tubing lengths and flow rates
typical of ground water sampling. Diffusion can intro-
duce measurable concentrations of oxygen into initial-
ly anoxic water. Diffusive loss of carbon dioxide from
water that is oversaturated with respect to atmospher-
ic C02 does not measurably affect pH under similar
usage conditions. (Copyright (c) GWMR 1988.)
Keywords: "Ground water, "Gaseous diffusion proc-
ess, 'Carbon dioxide, "Dissolved gases, 'Mathemati-
cal models, 'Oxygen, Permeability, Plastics, Sampling,
Gas dynamics.
PB89-119382	Not available NTIS
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Bromo- and Bromochloro-Polynuclear Aromatic
Hydrocarbons, Dioxlns and Dibenzofurans in Mu-
nicipal Incinerator Fly Ash (Journal Version). Jour-
nal article,
Nevada Univ., Las Vegas. Environmental Research
Center.
G. W. Sovocool, R. K. Mitchum, Y. Tondeur, W. D.
Munslow, and T. L. Vonnahme. C1988,9p EPA/600/J-
88/147
Contract EPA-68-01-7159, EPA-68-03-3249
Prepared in cooperation with Lockheed Engineering
and Management Services Co., Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Pub. in Biomedical and Environmental Mass Spec-
trometry, v15 P669-676 1988.
A fly ash sample found to contain polychlorinated diox-
ins and dibenzofurans was analyzed for brominated
analytes. Bromochloro-polynuclear aromatic hydrocar-
bons, dioxins and dibenzofurans, as well as bromo
PAH were found in ppt to ppb concentrations. Analyti-
cal results were confirmed by high-resolution mass
spectrometric accurate mass determinations and by
tandem mass spectrometry. (Copyright (c) 1988 by
John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Incinerators, 'Fly ash, 'Aromatic polycy-
clic hydrocarbons, 'Bromonydrocarbons, Chemical
analysis, Municipal wastes, Waste disposal, Hazard-
ous wastes, Reprints, 'Air toxic substances.
PB89-119390/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Temperature-Dependent Changes In Visual
Evoked Potentials of Rata (Journal Veraion). Jour-
nal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
B, E, Hetzler, W. K. Boyes, J. P. Creason, and R. S.
Dyer. 1988,20p EPA/600/J-88/1S0
Pub. in Electroencephalography and Clinical Neuro-
physiology, v70 p137-154 1988.
The effects of alterations in body temperature on flash
and pattern reversal evoked potential (FEPs and
PREPs) were examined in hooded rats whose ther-
moregulatory capacity was compromised with lesions
of the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area and/or cold
restraint. Body temperature, measured with a rectal
thermometer, was manipulated via exposure to differ-
ent ambient temperatures. To describe the data, a
model was used in which both linear and quadratic re-
lationships could be estimated. PREP amplitudes were
not significantly influenced by body temperature over
the range of 27 - 42 C, although in one experiment FEP
amplitudes did show a linear decline as temperatures
fell below approximately 30 C. Both FEP and PREP la-
tencies were strongly influenced by temperature, and
became progressively longer as body temperature was
lowered. The nonlinear component affecting latencies
became more prominent as body temperature
dropped lower and lower. These data demonstrate the
temperature-dependence of FEP and PREP latencies
independence of anesthetic or other drugs.
Keywords: 'Visual evoked potentials, 'Body tempera-
ture, 'Electrophysiology, Hypothermia, Laboratory ani-
mals, Reprints.
PB89-119408	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Chemical and Physical Characteristics of Lakea In
the Upper Midwest, United States (Journal Ver-
sion). Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
J. M. Eilers, D. F. Brakke, and D. H. Landers. C1988
10p EPA/600/J-88/157
Contract EPA-68-03-3246
Prepared in cooperation with Western Washington
Univ., Bellingham. Inst, for Watershed Studies. Spon-
sored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technoloav v22
p164-172 Feb 88.
A statistical sampling of 592 lakes, representing an es-
timated 8575 lakes, was conducted in northern Minne-
sota, Wisconsin and Michigan during Fall 1984 as part
of the EPA's Eastern Lake Survey. The survey was de-
signed to quantify the number of lakes with surface
area greater than 4 ha that are acidic or that have low
acid neutralizing capacity (ANC). The largest estimat-
ed number (102) and percentage (9.8%) of acidic
lakes (ANCO) in the upper Midwest were found in the
upper peninsula of Michigan. There were an estimated
45 acidic lakes in the northcentral Wisconsin, repre-
senting 3% of the target lakes, and the highest per-
centage (41.4%) of low ANC lakes was also observed
in this area. Sulfate concentrations were greatest In
the upper peninsula of Michigan and were intermedi-
ate in northeastern Minnesota. Acidic lakes had low
concentrations of major base cations and high sulfate
concentrations and were most common in areas re-
ceiving greatest acidic deposition.
Keywords: 'Limnology, 'Lakes, 'Water pollution, Min-
nesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Acidity, Chemical prop-
erties, pH, Physical properties, Sulfates, Reprints.
PB89-119416	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Rhabdomyosarcoma In the Japanese Medaka.
'Oryzias (stipes' (Temmlnck and Schlegel) and
Guppy, Poecilla reticulata' Peter* (Journal Ver-
sion). Journal article,
Gulf Coast Research Lab., Ocean Springs, MS.
W. E. Hawkins, J. W. Fournie, R. M. Overstreet, and W
W. Walker. c1988,9p EPA/600/J-88/167
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Gulf
Breeze, FL.
Pub. in Jnl. of Fish Diseases, v11 n3 P259-2661988.
Three cases of skeletal muscle neoplasms occurrina
in two small fish species used in carcinogen tests are
reported. The cases illustrated a wide range of histolo-
gic patterns including a well-differentiated Juvenile
type, a well-differentiated pleomorphic type, and a
poorly differentiated pleomorphic type. A rhabdomyo-
sarcoma with juvenile type features developed solvent
dimethylformamide. Single cases of pleomorphic tvoe
rhabdomyosarcoma also occurred in the medaka and
in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata, exposed to the carcin-
ogen methylazoxvmethanol acetate. These cases indi-
cate the potential for skeletal muscle cells in medaka
and guppy to become neoplastic, but the low frequen-
cy of the tumors does not necessarily establish ¦
chemical etiology.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Fishes, 'Animal diseases.
•Neoplasms, "Carcinogens. 'DimethyHormamSe
Muscles, Amides, Azoxy compounds, Reprints 'Jaoal
nese medaka, 'Oryzias latipes, 'Guppy, 'Poedllarel
ticulate, 'Methylazoxymethanol acetate, Methanol
methylazoxy-(acetic acid ester).
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PBS9-119424	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Characterization of the 'Pseudomonas aerugin-
osa' recA Gene: The LES (Lyaogeny Establish-
ment Deficient)- Phenotype (Journal Version),
Journal article,
Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL.
T. A. Kokjohn, and R. V. Miller. c1988,7p EPA/600/J-
88/168
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Gulf
Breeze, FL
Pub. in Jnl. of Bacteriology, v170 n2 p578-5821988.
The Les- (lysogeny establishment deficient) pheno-
type is a plelotropic effect of the lesB908 mutation of
Pseudomonas aruginosa PAO. LesB908-containing
strains are also deficient in general recombination,
sensitive to UV irradiation, and deficient in UV-stimulat-
ed induction of prophages. The P. aruginosa recA-con-
taining plasmid pKML3001 complements each of
these various pleiotropic characteristics of the
lesB908 mutation supporting the hypothesis that
lesB908 is an allele of the P. aruginosa recA gene. The
phenotypic effects of the lesB908 mutation may be
best explained by the hypothesis that the lesB908
gene product Is altered in such a way that it has lost
synaptase activity but possesses intrinsic protease ac-
tivity even in the absence of DNA damage. The Les-
phenotype is a result of the rapid destruction of newly
synthesized phage repressor resulting in lytic growth
of the infecting virus. This hypothesis is consistent with
the observations that increasing the number of copies
of the phage repressor gene will also suppress the
Les-phenotype in a phage-specific fashion. (Copyright
(C) 1988 American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Pseudomonas aruginosa, 'Bacterial
genes, 'Microbial genetics, 'Lysogeny, Plasmids, Ge-
netic recombination, Virus activation, Phenotype, Re-
prints.
PB89-119432	Not available NTIS
Benzoate-Dependent Induction from the OP2 Op-
erator-Promoter Region of the TOL pWWO In the
Absence of Known Plasmid Regulatory Genes
(Journal Version). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
S. M. Cuskey, and A. B, Sprenkle. c1988,7p EPA/
800/J-88/170
Prepared in cooperation with Technical Resources,
Inc., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Pub. in Jnl. of Bacteriology, v170 n8 p3742-37461988.
The OP2 (Pm) operator-promoter region of the TOL
plasmid, pWWO, is located immediate^ upstream from
the 'lower' pathway operon responsible for the catabo-
Usm of benzoate and related aromatic acids. Induction
of the operon In the presence of aromatic acid induc-
ers, requires the xylS gene product. The authors
doned a 401 base pair region containing the OP2
region upstream from the promoter less xylE (catechol
2 3-dtoxygenase) gene and measured induction in the
presence of a variety of aromatic inducers in a xylS
free background. Approximately 30-fold induction was
seen when transformed cells of Pseudomonas putida
strain PRS2000 were grown on lactate in the presence
of benzoate. Slight (4-fold) induction occurred when m-
tohilc acid was included in the growth medium.
Keywords: 'Enzyme induction, 'Oxygenases,
•Operon, 'Microbial genetics, 'Gene expression regu-
lation, Molecular cloning, Genetic transformation, Ben-
zoctes, Plasmids, Reprints, 'Pseudomonas putida.
PS89-119440/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Fate of Pollutants (Journal Version). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
p H. Pritchard. 1988,13pEPA/600/J-88/171
pijb in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
v60 n8 p983-9941988.
Published literature on the environmental fate of pol-
lutants published during 1987 are reviewed. Short ex-
cerpts are presented from eaoh reference covering
such areas as photolysis, biodegradation, hydrolysis,
sorption, and volatility for pollutants including pesti-
cides. hydrocarbons, heavy metals, polynuclear hydro-
carbons, and other toxic organic chemicals.
Keywords: 'Pollution, 'Chemical reactions, Hydrocar-
bons. Pesticides, Metals, Photolysis, Biodeterioration,
Hydrolysis. Sorption, Volatility, 'Path of pollutants,
•Environmental exposure pathway, 'Toxic sub-
PB89-119457	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Methods tor Detecting Recombinant DNA in the
Environment (Journal Version). Journal article,
Tennessee Univ., Knoxville.
R. K. Jain, R. S. Burlage, and G. S. Sayler. c1988,53p*
EPA/600/J-88/172
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Gulf
Breeze, FL.
Pub. in Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, v8 n1 p33-
841988.
Conventional, non-conventional and emerging tech-
niques to detect and monitor genetically engineered
microorganisms (GEMs) or rONA sequences in the en-
vironment are described. Where appropriate, advan-
tages and disadvantages of each technology are dis-
cussed. One basic requirement of a monitoring tech-
nique is its ability to detect low levels of released rDNA
sequences In an environment. There is also a need to
test and apply future or emerging techniques for moni-
toring the GEMs, such as the use of phage attachment
and sensitivity and development of new selective en-
richment techniques. Also, the use of differential geno-
typic markers, for example, the Insertion of the Deta-
galactosidase genes or lux genes, into the organisms
of interest, appears to be a very selective and specific
technique. While further developments and refine-
ments are necessary, relatively efficient routine tech-
nology is on the horizon.
Keywords: 'Biotechnology, 'Recombinant DNA, 'Ge-
netic intervention, 'Microorganisms, Plaque assay, Im-
munoassay, Nucleotide mapping, Genetic marker,
Base sequence, Nucleic acid hybndization, Polyacryla-
mide gel electrophonesis, Gene expression regulation,
Reprints, 'Environmental monitoring, Environmental
persistence.
PBS9-119481	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Development and Pilot Plant Evaluation of Silica-
Enhanced Lime Sorbents for Dry Flue Gas Desul-
furizatlon (Journal Version). Journal article, Oct 86-
Feb88,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
W. Jozewicz, C. Jorgensen, J.C. S. Chang, C. B.
Sedman, and T. G. Brna. C1988,11p EPA/600/J-88/
177
Contract EPA-08-02-3988
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v38
n6 p796-805 Jun 88.
The paper discusses recent work on lime enhance-
ment and testing at the bench-scale, followed by eval-
uation of the more promising sorbents in a pilot plant to
develop low cost, retrofittaole flue gas cleaning tech-
nology specifically the development of highly reactive
sorbents. Conversion of Ca(OH)2 with S02 increased
several-fold when Ca(OH)2 was slurried with fly ash
first and later exposed to S02 In a laboratory packed
bed reactor; Ca(OH)2 enhancement increasing with in-
creased fly ash amount. Diatomaceous earns were
very effective reactivity promoters of lime-based sor-
bents. Analysis of the promoted sorbents revealed the
formation of a new phase (calcium silicate hydrates)
after hydration, which may be the basis for improved
S02 capture. Fly ash/lime and diatomaceous earth/
lime soments were tested in a 100 cu m/h pilot facility
incorporating a gas humidifier, a sorbent duct injection
system, and a baghouse. The inlet S02 concentration
was 1000-2500 ppm. With once-through dry sorbents
injection into the humidified flue gas, the total S02 re-
moval ranged from 50 to 90%. (Copyright (c) 1988 Air
Pollution Control Association.)
Keywords: 'Desulfurization, 'Flue gases, 'Sulfur diox-
ide, Air pollution abatement, Air pollution control equip-
ment, Calcium hydroxides, Sorbents, Performance
evaluation, Design criteria, Pilot plants. Reprints.
PBM-119499/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-
Methyl-5-Nttroanillne.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Feb 87,49p EPA/600/X-87/091
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-
methyi-6-nitroaniline was prepared to support listings
of hazardous constituents of a wide range of waste
streams under Section 3001 of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide
health-related limits for emergency actions under Sec-
tion 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. 2-methyl-5-nitroaniline has been evaluated
as a carcinogen. The human carcinogen potency
factor (q1 *) for 2-methyl-5-nitroaniline is .033/(mg/kg/
day) for oral exposure. The Reportable Quantity (RQ)
value for 2-methyl-5-nitroaniline is 1000.
Keywords: 'Anilines, 'Toxicity. 'Hazardous materials,
Profiles, Exposure, Concentration(Composition), Toxi-
cology, Metabolism, Standards, Anyiamines, Nitro
compounds. Fishes, Invertebrates, Humans, Carcino-
gens, Laboratory animals, 'Methyl nitroaniline,
Health effects, 'Environmental effects, Benzena-
mine/methyl-nitro, CAS 99-55-8, Environmental trans-
port, Risk assessment, Pharmacokinetics.
PB89-119507/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methylene Bromide.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Feb 87,59p EPA/600/X-87/093
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
methyl bromide was prepared to support listings of
hazardous constituents of a wide range of waste
streams under Section 3001 of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide
health-related limits for emergency actions under Sec-
tion 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Methyl bromide has been determined to be a
systemic toxicant. The daily exposure to the human
population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely
to be without appreciable risk of deleterious effect
during a lifetime, for methyl bromide is 0.01 mg/kg/day
for inhalation exposure. The Reportable Quantity (RQ)
value for methyl bromide is 1000.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Hazardous materials, Profiles,
Exposure,	Concentration(Composition),
Absorption(Biology), Toxicology, Excretion, Metabo-
lism, Laboratory animals, Algae, Bromine organic com-
pounds, Humans, Respiration, Standards. 'Methylene
bromide, 'Health effects, 'Environmental effects,
Methane/dibromo, CAS 74-95-3, Environmental trans-
port, Risk assessment, Pharmacokinetics.
PB89-119S15/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 3,3'-
Dimethoxybenzidlne.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Feb 87,66p EPA/600/X-87/101
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 3,3'-
dimethoxybenzidine was prepared to support listings
of hazardous constituents of a wide range of waste
streams under Section 3001 of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide
health-related limits for emergency actions under Sec-
tion 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. 3,3'-Dimethoxybenzldine has been evaluat-
ed as a carcinogen. The human carcinogen potency
factor (q1 *) for 3,3'-dlmethoxybenzidine is .0141 /(mg/
kg/day) for oral exposure. Existing data are insufficient
to determine an RQ value.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Hazardous materials, Profiles,
Exposure,	Concentration(Composition),
Absorption(Biology), Toxicology, Excretion, Metabo-
lism, Standards, Laboratory animals, Anilines,
Humans, Carcinogens, Polyphenyl compounds, 'Di-
methoxybenzidine, 'Health effects, 'Environmental ef-
fects, Biphenyldiamine/dimethoxy, CAS 119-90-4, En-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
vironmental transport, Risk assessment, Pharmaco-
kinetics.
PB89-119523	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Numerical Modeling of Sorption Kinetics of Or-
ganic Compounds to Soil and Sediment Particles
(Journal Version). Journal article,
National Taiwan Univ., Taipei. Inst, of Environmental
Engieering.
S. C. Wu, and P. M. Gschwend. C1988,12p EPA/600/
J-88/181
Grant EPA-R-810472
Prepared in cooperation with Massachusetts Inst, of
Tech., Cambridge. Dept. of Civil Engineering. Spon-
sored by Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Pub. in Water Resources Research, v24 n8 p1373-
1383 Aug 88.
A numerical model is developed to simulate hydropho-
bic organic compound sorption kinetics, based on a re-
tarded intraaggregate diffusion conceptualization of
this solid-water exchange process. The model was
used to ascertain the sensitivity of the sorption proc-
ess for various sorbates to nonsteady solution concen-
trations and to polydisperse soil or sediment aggre-
gate particle size distributions. Common approaches
to modeling sorption kinetics amount to simplifications
of the model and appear Justified only when (1) the
concentration fluctuations occur on a time scale that
matches the sorption time scale of interest and (2) the
particle size distribution is relatively narrow. Finally, a
means is provided to estimate the extent of approach
of a sorbing system to equilibrium as a function of ag-
gregate size, chemical diffusivity and hydrophobicity,
ana system solids concentration. (Copynght (c) Ameri-
can Geophysical Union 1988.)
Keywords: *Soil chemi9tiy, 'Organic compounds,
'Chemisorption, 'Kinetics, 'Mathematical models, Dif-
fusion, Sediments, Research projects, Chemical reac-
tions, Path of pollutants.
PB89-11953VHSU	PC A07/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-
Methoxyethanol.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Nov 86,129p EPA/600/X-87/025
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-
methoxyethanol was prepared to support listings of
hazardous constituents of a wide range of waste
streams under Section 3001 of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide
health-related limits for emergency actions under Sec-
tion 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Quantitative estimates have been presented
provided sufficient data are available. 2-Methoxyeth-
anol has been determined to be a systemic toxicant. A
Reference Dose (RfD), defined as an estimate (with
uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude)
of the daily exposure to the human population (includ-
ing sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without ap-
preciable risk of deleterious effect during a lifetime, for
2-methoxyethanol is 0.001 mg/kg/day for inhalation
exposure. The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value of 1,
10,100,1000 or 5000 pounds is used to determine the
quantity of a hazardous substance for which notifica-
tion is required in the event of a release as specified by
CERCLA based on chronic toxicity. The RQ value for
2-methoxyethanol is 100.
Keywords: 'Methoxyethanol, 'Toxicity, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Methoxyethanol, Profiles, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Absorption(Biology),
Toxicology, Excretion, Metabolism, Laboratory ani-
mals, Ethers, Fishes, Invertebrates, Humans, Carcino-
aens, Respiration, Standards, 'Health effects, 'Envi-
ronmental effects, Ethanol/methoxy, CAS 109-86-4,
Environmental transport, Risk assessment, Terato-
gens, Pharmacokinetics.
PB89-11SS80/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Columbus,
OH.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Method
Study 39, Method 504, 1,2-Dibromoethane (EDB)
and 1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane (DBCP) In
Water by Microextractlon and Gas Chromatogra-
phy. Final rept. Jun-Dec 87,
Bionetics Corp., Cincinnati, OH.
K. W. Edgell. Oct 88,61 p EPA/600/4-88/034
Contract EPA-68-03-3254
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Columbus, OH.
An interlaboratory collaborative study assessed the
precision and bias (recovery) of Method 504 for the
analysis of two semi-volatile organic compounds in
groundwater: 1,2-dibromoethane and 1,2-dibromo-3-
chloropropane in water. The study design was based
upon Youden's non-replicate plan for collaborative
tests of analytical methods. The data analyses pro-
duced measures of precision and recovery for each
compound in each water type and compared the per-
formance of the method between water types.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Halohydrocar-
bons, 'Chemical analysis, 'Gas chromatography, Ac-
curacy, Bias, Statistical analysis, 1,2-dibromoethane,
1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane.
PB89-119598/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Guidelines for Assessing the Biotic Communities
of Freshwater Wetlands. Symposium paper,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. School of
Forest Resources.
R. P. Brooks, and R. M. Hughes. c1988,10p EPA/
600/D-88/208
Contract EPA-68-03-3124
Pub. in Proceedings of National Wetlands Mitigation
Symposium, New Orleans, LA. October 8-10, 1986,
ASWM Technical Report 3, p276-282 May 88. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc., Cor-
vallis, OR. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
A set of guidelines for monitoring the biotic communi-
ties of small, freshwater wetlands is proposed to help
standardize comparisons among reference, mitigated,
and impacted wetlands. A bioassessment tool is
needed to evaluate mitigation policies and assess the
cumulative impacts on wetlands. Information about a
wetland's functions and values can be inferred by
sampling its vertebrate, invertebrate, and plant com-
munities, and by characterizing its hydrology and mor-
phometry. This information is needed to make regula-
tory and management decisions.
Keywords: 'Fresh water biology, Assessments, Hy-
drology, Reclamation, Vertebrates, Invertebrates,
Vegetation, Birds, Fishes, Sampling, Guidelines, Re-
prints, 'Wetlands, 'Ecosystems.
PB89-119806/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Chemical Characteristics of Streams in the Mid-
Atlantlc and Southeastern United States (National
Stream Survey: Phase 1). Volume 1. Population
Descriptions and Physlco-Chemlcal Relationships.
Final rept.,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
P. R. Kaufmann, A. T. Herlihy, J. W. Elwood, M. J. Sale,
and H. I. Jager. Jun 88,454p EPA/600/3-88/021 A
See also PB88-245923 and Volume 2, PB89-119614.
Errata sheet inserted. Prepared in cooperation with
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
National Stream Survey Phase I (NSS-I) field activities
were conducted in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern
U.S. in the spring of 1986 by the U.S. EPA as part of
the National Surface Water Survey and the National
Acid Precipitation Assessment Program. The Survey
employed a probability sample of 500 stream reaches
representing a regional population of 64,700 reaches
portrayed as blue lines on 1:250,000 scale maps and
which have drainage areas less than 155 sq km. The
NSS-I design allows regional extra-polation, with
known confidence, of the number and total length of
reaches with specified chemical characteristics. Ex-
cluding Florida, the Southeastern subregions of the
NSS-I were estimated to contain very few acidic (ANC
less than 0) reaches. Acidic reaches were found pri-
marily in lowland reaches of Florida and the Mid-Atlan-
tic Coastal Plain and in upland reaches of the Mid-At-
lantic subregions. Sulfate concentrations were mark-
edly higher in the Mid-Atlantic than in the Southeast.
Analysis of ion composition and evidence of stream
acidification are presented.
Keywords: 'Acidification, "Stream pollution,
'Precipitation(Meteorology), 'Lakes, Surveys, Storms!
Chemical properties, Sampling, Water analysis, pHl
Laboratories, Concentration(Composition), Sulfates,
Tables(Data), Maps, Populations, Southeastern
Region(United States).
PB89-119614/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Chemical Characteristics of Streams In the MId-
Atlantic and Southeastern United State* (National
Stream Survey: Phase 1). Volume 2. Streams Sam-
pled, Descriptive Statistics, and Compendium of
Physical and Chemical Data. Final rept.,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
P. R. Kaufmann, A. T. Hertihy, J. W. Elwood, M. J. Sale,
and H. I. Jager. Jun 88,625p EPA/600/3-88/021 B
See also Volume 1, PB89-119606. Errata sheet insert-
ed. Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Moni-
toring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
National Stream Survey Phase I (NSS-I) field activities
were conducted in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern
U.S. in the spring of 1986 by the U.S. EPA as part of
the National Surface Water Survey and the National
Acid Precipitation Assessment Program. The Survey
employed a probability sample of 500 stream reaches
representing a regional population of 64,700 reaches
portrayed as blue lines on 1:250,000 scale maps and
which have drainage areas less than 155 sq km. The
NSS-I design allows regional extra-polation, with
known confidence, of the number and total length of
reaches with specified chemical characteristics. Ex-
cluding Florida, the Southeastern subregions of the
NSS-I were estimated to contain very few acidic
reaches. Acidic reaches were found primarily in low-
land reaches of Florida and the Mid-Atlantic Coastal
Plain and in upland reaches of the Mid-Atlantic subre-
gions. Analysis of ion composition and evidence of
stream acidification are presented.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Stream pollution
*Precipitation(Meteorology), 'Lakes, Surveys, Sul-
fates, pH, Chemical properties. Populations, Esti-
mates, Florida, Ions, Concentration(Composltlon)
'Southeastern Region(United States).
PB89-119721/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Specific Proteins and Their Application in
Wastewater Treatment. RepL for Oct 84-Dec 87,
Washington Univ., Seattle.
C. E. Furlong, J. A. Sundstrom, E. B. Weiler, P. W. .
Cheung, and J. Yin. Oct 88,33p EPA/600/D-88/228
Grant EPA-R-811948
Prepared in cooperation with California Univ., Berke-
ley. Dept. of Chemical Engineering. Sponsored by En-
vironmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
The purpose of the research was to test the feasibility
of using immobilized proteins as highly specific ad-
sorbers of pollutants in waste streams. The Escheri-
chia coli periplasms phosphate-binding protein served
as both a model system for determining the feasibility
of such an approach and at the same time was used to
produce a cycling ligand adsorber capable of efficient-
ly scrubbing phosphate from a feed stream. Three dif-
ferent procedures for the removal of cadmium from
feed streams were developed in this project. A bior-
eactor for continuous protein production was devel-
oped to minimize the cost of protein production The
bioreactor contained immobilized, non-growing E ooH
cells. The cell line had been mutagenized and selected
for the direct secretion of periplasms proteins into the
medium. The cells contained the gene that encodes
the phosphate-binding protein.
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, 'Escherichia
coli, 'Proteins, Cadmium, Phosphates, Polymers Pen-
tides, 'Waste water treatment, 'Bioreactors, Carrier
proteins, Metallothionein.
PB89-119739/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Summary Review of the Health Effect* 'wniSt
ed with Propylene: Health Issue Assessment^
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trtanota
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Jul 88,37p ECAO-R-0083, EPA/600/8-88/070
Propylene's major use is as a starting material in the
manufacture of polypropylene, acrylonitrile, propylene
oxide, and as a component in fuel. Ambient concentra-
tions in urban areas of the United States range from
about 1 to 10 ppb, with rural air levels being an order of
magnitude lower. Propylene Is a precursor of photo-
chemical oxidants and other smog components. The
atmospheric half-life has been estimated to be 7.7
hours. Propylene is readily metabolized following inha-
lation exposure. Limited data from acute studies (ex-
posure to a 40% concentration for 6 hours) indicate
that propylene is not very toxic to rats. Similarly, no
compound-related toxic effects were found in subch-
ronic studies with exposure levels up to 10,000 ppm.
Propylene was not carcinogenic in the NTP rat and
mice studies with exposure levels up to 10,000 ppm.
Propylene is classified as a Group C carcinogen, possi-
bly a human carcinogen.
Keywords: "Propylene, *Air pollution, "Industrial at-
mospheres, "Chemical industry, Polypropylene, Pro-
?yiene oxide, Acrylonitriles, Environmental surveys,
oxicology, "Risk assessment.
PB09-119770	Not available NTIS
Organic Cation Effects on the Sorption ot Metals
and Neutral Organic Compounds on Aquifer Mate-
rial (Journal Version). Journal article,
RobWt S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
D C. Bouchard, R. M. Powell, and D. A. Clark. C198B,
19p EPA/600/J-88/188
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Ada. OK.
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Science and Health,
vA23 n6 p585-601 Aug 88.
Sorption of ethylhexadecyldimethylammonium
(EHDDMA+), a large organic cation, and three neutral
organic compounds (NOC's) on two low organic
carbon aquifer materials was studied using a soil batch
equilibration technique. EHDDMA+ competed effec-
tively with metals for exchange sites and EHDDMA+
aorption was accompanied by an equimolar charge de-
eorption of metals. NOC's sorption on the aquifer ma-
larial* was low (K less than or = 0.22) which was con-
nstent with the sorbent's low organic carbon content.
However, EHDDMA+ sorption increased toluene
aorption by two orders of magnitude. The enhanced
toluene sorption was due to the hydrophobic surface
provided by the hydrocarbon moiety of sorbed
EHODMA+. (Copyright (c) J. Environmental Science
Health 1988.)
Keywords: "Soil chemistry, "Aquifers, "Organic ions,
•Metals, Trace elements, Chemisorption, Ecological
concentrations, Bioaccumulation, Research projects,
Reprints.
PM9-119788	Not available NTIS
Mutational Spectrum and ftecombinogenic Ef-
fects Induced by Amlnofluorene Addueta in Bac-
teriophage M13 (Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Parfc,NC.
J Ross. R. Doisy, and M. S. Tang. c1988,11 p EPA/
600/J-88/190
Prepared In cooperation with Texas Univ. System
Cancer Center, Smithviile.
Pub. in Mutation Research, v201 p203-2121988.
Double stranded replicative form (RFI) DNA of bacter-
iophage M13mp10 has been modified in vitro to vari-
ous extents with N-hydroxy-2-aminofluorene (N-OH-
AF1 and then transfected into E. coli cells. HPLC analy-
tit of the modified DNA shows that only dG-C8-AF ad-
ducts are formed. Approximately 20 adducts per FRI
molecule constitute one lethal event when plaque
forming ability is assayed on E. coli cells which have
received no prior SOS induction. The mutagenicity of
dG-C8-AF adducts was assayed by measuring loss of
bata-galactosidase activity as a function of adducts
oar molecule. A dose-dependent increase in lac(-) mu-
tants was observed, with a four-fold increase In mu-
tants per survivor at 30 adducts per RFI molecule. The
mutants were analyzed by DNA sequencing, and occur
Qtedominately at either C3 or C positions which are dlf-
fontht from those observed In the spontaneous mutant
—jectrum. In the assay system, dG-C8-AF adducts
Sduce a previously-unreported recombinogenic actM-
ivtCopyright (c) 1988 Elsevier Science Publishers
B.V. (Biomedical Division.))
Keywords: "Coliphages, "Mutations, "Genetic recom-
bination, Fluorenes, Carcinogens, Bacteriophages,
Amines, DNA mutational analysis, Reprints, "Amino-
fluorenes, Fluorene/amino-N-hydroxy.
PB89-119796	Not available NTIS
Teratogenic Effects of Trlchloroacetonltrlle In the
Long-Evans Rat (Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. K. Smith, J. L. Randall, D. R. Tocco, R. G. York, and
J. A. Stober. C1988,9p EPA/600/J-88/192
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Health
Research and Testing, Inc., Cincinnati, OH., and Com-
puter Sciences Corp., Cincinnati, OH.
Pub. in Teratology, v38 n2 p113-120 Aug 88.
Trichloroacetonltriie (TCAN) is among a number of
contaminants found in drinking water produced by re-
actions of chlorine with background organic material.
Long-Evans rats were incubated with TCAN on gesta-
tion days 6-18. The highest dose tested (55 mg/kg)
was lethal in 21 % of the dams and produced 100% re-
sorptions in two-thirds of the survivors. Only one ma-
ternal death was seen at the next-lower dose; howev-
er, fetal weight and viability were decreased in a dose-
related manner. The percentage of embryolethality
was 13.9% at the lowest dose (1 mg/kg) and 78.4% at
the high dose, with resorption of entire litters seen at
7.5 mg/kg and above. At all doses, cardiovascular (in-
terventricular septal defect, levocardia, common carot-
id, and right-sided aortic arch and ductus arteriosus)
and urogenital (hypoplastic, missing, misplaced and
fused kidneys, and hypoplastic uterine homs) malfor-
mations were seen in the offspring. Frequency of
these malformations was dose related. The incidence
of total soft tissue malformations was statistically sig-
nificant at 15 and 35 mg/kg. (Copyright (c) 1988 Alan
R. Liss, Inc.)
Keywords: "Teratogens, "Toxicity, "Drinking water,
"Water pollution, Concentration(Composition), Labo-
ratory animals, Nitriles, Chlorine organic compounds,
Cardiovascular system, Urogenital system, Reprints,
"Trichloroacetonltriie, Acetonltrile/tricnloro.
PBS9-119804	Not available NTIS
Simulation of Geological Surfaces Using Fractals
(Journal Version). Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
E. A. Yfantis, G. T. Flatman, and E. J. Englund. c1988,
8p EPA/600/ J-88/193
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas.
Pub. in Mathematical Geology, v20 n6 p867-6721988.
Methods suggested in the past for simulated ore con-
centration or pollution concentration over an area of
interest, subject to the condition that the simulated sur-
face is passing through specifying points, are based on
the assumption of normality. A new method Is based
on the construction of a fractal plane-to-line function
f(x,y,R,e,u), where (x,y) is in (a,b) X (e,d), R Is the auto-
correlation function, e is the resolution limit, and u is a
random real function on (-1,1). The simulation using
fractals escapes from any distribution assumptions of
the data. The given network of points is connected to
form quadrilaterals; each one of the quadrilaterals is
split based on ways which are extensions of the well-
known subdivision method. The quadrilaterals contin-
ue to split and grow until resolution obtained in both x
and y directions is smaller than a prespecified resolu-
tion. (Copyright (c) 1988 International Association for
Mathematical Geology.)
Keywords: "Geological structures, "Environmental
simulation,	.Numerical	analysis,
Coricentration(Composition), Pollutants, Beneficiation,
Ore sampling, Reprints, "Fractals, "Functional
models.
PB89-119812	Not available NTIS
Morphometrtc Changes In QUI Secondary Lamel-
lae of Brook Trout (Satvelinus fontinalis) After
Long-Term Exposure to Add and Aluminum
(Journal Version). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. E. Tietge, R. D. Johnson, and H. L. Bergman. C1988,
7p EPA/600/J-88/194
Prepared in cooperation with American Scientific Inter-
national, Duluth, MN., and Wyoming Univ., Laramie.
Dept. of Zoology and Physiology.
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Fisheries and Aquatic Sci-
ence, v45 p1643-1648 Sep 88.
Adult brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were exposed
for 147 d to three different combinations of acid and Al
in soft water (2 mg Ca/L). Samples of gill tissue from
each of the three exposure conditions (pH 6.64 + 0
micrograms Al/L, pH 4.91 + 4.3 micrograms Al/L, and
pH 4.45 + 393 micrograms Al/L) were examined by
light microscopy using high-resolution techniques and
morphometric analysis. As compared with fish in con-
trol conditions (pH 6.64 + 0 micrograms Al/L), expo-
sure to pH 4.91 without Al significantly increased
volume density of lamellar chloride cells. Low pH and
elevated Al (pH 4.45 + 393 micrograms Al/L resulted
in increased diffusion distance, while blood cell infiltra-
tion of the lymphatic space of the gill tissue (an indica-
tor of tissue damage), and a dramatic increase in la-
mellar dense cells. These results are consistent with
the physiological data that show ionoregulatory stress
and decreased respiratory efficiency as typical re-
sponses of brook trout exposed to low pH and combi-
nations of low pH and elevated Al.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Trout, "Fishes, "Alumi-
num, "Toxicity, Acidity, Diffusion, Pathology, Respira-
tion, Reprints, "Salvelinus fontinalis, "Gills.
PB89-119820	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Capital and Operating Coats of Wet Scrubbers
(Journal Version). Journal article, Sep 80-Aug 87,
Ohio Univ., Athens.
W. D. Baasel. C1988,6p EPA/600/J-88/195
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
Pub. in Jnl. of Air Pollution Control Association, v38 n3
p327-332 Mar 88.
The article discusses a computer program for deter-
mining the cost of building and operating wet scrub-
bers on individual coal-fired utilities in states where
emissions are likely to affect the acid rain problem in
the eastern U.S. The program differs from other esti-
mates since it calculates the cost for each of 831 indi-
vidual sites. The capital costs for installing scrubbers
on the top 50 S02 emitting plants will be about $20 bil-
lion and will result in a mean increase in the cost of
electricity of 0.88 cents/kWh and a reduction of S02
emissions from 1980 of 7.1 million tons per year (TPY).
An added reduction of at least 1.0 million TPY would
require all plants burning oil to burn low sulfur oil.
These figures assume that utilities will use least-emis-
sions dispatching and local coals containing at least
3.5% sulfur. The use of focal coals should result in a
saving of at least 0.2 cents/kWh; this should make
available a large supply of low sulfur coal which could
reduce S02 emissions by up to 1 million TPY. The S02
reductions will be continued for at least the next 13
years and have a very significant effect through the
year 2010. (Copyright (c) 1988 Air Pollution Control As-
sociation .)
Keywords: "Scrubbers, "Air pollution control equip-
ment, "Sulfur dioxide, "Design criteria, "Cost analysis,
Performance evaluation, Computer systems programs,
Predictions, Air pollution abatement, Reprints, Acid
precipitation.
PBS9-119838	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Transferable Discharge Permits for Control of
S02 Emissions from Illinois Power Plants (Journal
Version). Journal article,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Civil Engl-
J. S. Dlemer, and J. W. Eheart. c1988,10p* EPA/600/
J-88/196
Grant EPA-R-808514
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.	'
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v38
n8 p997-10005 Aug 88.
The paper discusses the use of a large scale simula-
tion model in evaluating various policy alternatives for
reducing S02 emissions from Illinois electric power
plants for a broad range of nuclear power capacity ad-
dition scenarios. A dynamic simulation of a transfera-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ble discharge permit (TDP) program suggests that a
market oriented management system can ensure an
acceptable level of environmental quality while achiev-
ing typical cost savings of 40-60% over a program
based on uniform decreases in existing emission
standards. This cost advantage can be realized with-
out any major decline in the demand lor coal generally
or for indigenous coals in particular. Several options
for initiating the TDP market are evaluated. The analy-
sis concludes that initiating the market by government
sales may not constitute a major financial burden on
the electric utilities or their customers. (Copyright (c)
1988APCA.)
Keywords: *Air pollution abatement, "Sulfur dioxide,
•Electric power plants, 'Nuclear electric power gen-
eration, Design criteria, Cost analysis, Regulations, Ex-
haust gases.
PB89-119846/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Further Evaluation and Development of Charge
Similarity Indices for Choosing Molecular Ana-
logues (Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
A. M. Richard, and J. R. Rabinowitz. 1888,12pEPA/
600/J-88/197
Pub. in International Jnl. of Quantum Chemistry, v34
p207-216Sep88.
Two molecular charge similarity index (CSI) methods
are further evaluated for practical application - one
method based on a simple CNOO-type approximation
to the electron density function and the other based on
an ab-initio pseudo total charge density function. The
test system consists of isosteric analogues of dimethyl
ether and methoxy acetic acid. The effects of differ-
ences in skeletal structure on the CSI measure of elec-
tron density similarity about corresponding atoms is
estimated and two new developments are presented
for application of the ab-initio based methods: (1) an
INDO-type approximation which improves the efficien-
cy of the CSI calculation; and (2) a FOCUS feature
which enables comparisons of local molecule regions.
Keywords: "Molecular structure, "Electron
density(Concentration), Physiochemistry, Compari-
sons, Reprints, "Charge similarity index, Ether/dimeth-
yl, Acetic acid/methoxy, Intermediate neglect of differ-
ential overlap, CNDO method, Ab initio analysis.
PB89-119853	Not available NTIS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Equivalence of Microbial Blomass Measures
Based on Membrane Lipid and Cell Wall Compo-
nents, Adenosine Triphosphate, and Direct
Counts In Subsurface Aquifer Sediments (Journal
Version). Journal article,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Dept. of Biological
Scisnco
D. L. Balicwill, F. R. Leach, J. T. Wilson, J. F. McNabb,
and D. C.White. c1988,13pEPA/600/J-88/131
Grants EPA-R-813725, EPA-R-812504
Prepared in cooperation with Oklahoma State Univ.,
Stillwater. Dept. of Biochemistry, and Tennessee
Univ., Knoxville. Sponsored by Roberts. Kerr Environ-
mental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
Pub. in Microbial Ecology, v16 n1 p73-84 Jul 88.
An uncontaminated subsurface aquifer sediment con-
tains a sparse microbial community consisting primari-
ly of coccobacillary bacteria of relatively uniform size
which can be counted directly with appropriate strain-
ing. The morphological simplicity and tne relatively de-
creased cell numbers, when compared with surface
soils and sediments, make the subsurface an ideal nat-
ural community with which to compare the utility of
chemical measures of microbial biomass to direct mi-
croscopic counts. The membrane phospholipids (esti-
mated as the polar lipid fatty acids, the lipid phosphate,
and phosopholipid glycerol phosphate), lipopolysac-
charide lipid A (estimated as the LPS hydroxy fatty
acids), cell walls (estimated as the muramic acid), and
adenosine triphosphate all give essentially identical
estimates of cell numbers and dry weight as the direct
counts using conversion factors determined on sub-
surface microorganism monocultures. Assays of mi-
orabiafcellcomponents are thus validated by compari-
son with the classical direct count in at least one soil/
Sent (Copyright (c) 1988 Spnnger-Verlag New
York, inc.)
Keywords: "Ecology, "Biomass, "Bacteria, "Microor-
ganisms, "Soil microbiology. Sediments, Aquifers,
Lipids, Adenosine phosphates, Reprints, "Cell count.
PB89-119861	Not available NTIS
Sorption Nonequilibrlum during Salute Transport
(Journal Version). Journal article,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
D. C. Bouchard, A. L. Wood, M. L. Campbell, P. Nkedi-
Kizza, and P. S. C. Rao. c1988,16p EPA/600/J-88/
132
Prepared in cooperation with Florida Univ., Gainesville.
Pub. in Jnl. of Contaminant Hydrology, v2 n3 p209-223
Jul 88.
The effects of pore-water velocity, solute hydrophobi-
cs, and sorbent organic-carbon content on sorption
nonequilibrium during solute transport were evaluated.
Nonequilibrium transport was observed to increase
with pore-water velocity, solute hydrophobicity, and
sorbent organic-carbon content. Nonequilibrium trans-
port of neutral organic compounds was not detected
with low organic-carbon aquifer material, but was de-
tected on higher organic sorbents from the unsaturat-
ed zone and the soil surface. For solute-sorbent com-
binations yielding retardation factors above 2, none-
quilibrium during transport was observed. After experi-
mentally accounting for slow solute diffusion in the
aqueous phase ana isotherm nonlinearity as potential
contributors to nonequilibrium solute transport, sorp-
tion nonequilibrium was attributed to slow solute diffu-
sion within the organic-carbon matrix. (Copyright (c)
1988 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.)
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Groundwater, "Chemis-
orption, "Nonequilibrium flow, Soil pressure, Sorbents,
Soil chemistry, Surface chemistry, Transport proper-
ties, Diffusion coefficient, Solutes, Organic com-
pounds, "Path of pollutants.
PB89-119879/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Modeling Bloconcentratfon of Nonpolar Organic
Pollutants by Fish (Journal Version). Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
M. C. Barber, L. A. Suarez, and R. R. Lassiter. 1988,
16p EPA/600/J-88/138
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v7
p545-5581988.
A model describing thermodynamically driven kinetic
exchange of organic chemicals between fish and the
aqueous environment is developed. This model con-
siders both the biological attributes of the fish and the
physicochemical properties of the chemical that deter-
mine diffusive exchange across gill membranes. Im-
portant biological characteristics addressed by the
model are the fish's gill morphometry, body weight,
and fractional aqueous, lipid and structural organic
composition. Relevant physicochemical properties are
the chemical's aqueous diffusivity, molar volume, and
n-octanol/water partition coefficient (Kow), which is
used as a surrogate to quantify chemical partitioning to
the fish's lipid and structural organic fractions. Using
this model, excretion rates, gill uptake efficiencies, and
bioconcentration factors can be predicted for nonme-
tabolized organic chemicals.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Fishes, "Organic com-
pounds, Mathematical models. Excretion, Transport
processes, Diffusion, Reprints, 'Bioaccumulation,
"Gills.
PB89-119887	Not available NTIS
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Drilling and Constructing Monitoring Wells with
Hollow-Stem Augers. Part 1. Drilling Consider-
ations (Journal Version). Interim rept. Apr 86-May
87,
National Water Well Association, Dublin, OH.
G. Hackett. C1987,13p EPA/600/J-87/442
See also Part 2, PB89-119895. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Pub. in Ground Water Monitoring Review, v7 n4 p51-
82 1987.
Advantages associated with hollow-stem auger drilling
include rig mobility and versatility; the utility of the
hollow stems for collection of representative samples
of formation materials and for installation of monitoring
wells; relatively fast advancement of the borehole in
unconsolidated deposits; minimal formation damage in
sands and gravels; minimal, if any, use of drilling fluids;
and good control of drill cuttings. When drilling in heav-
ing sands, if a positive pressure head of water cannot
be maintained inside the auger column as described in
the report, the use of hollow-stem augers for installa-
tion of a monitoring well may be limited. When monitor-
ing the quality of ground water below a known con-
taminated zone, hollow-stem auger drilling may not be
advisable unless protective surface casing can be in-
stalled. Procedures used to construct monitoring wells
inside hollow-stem augers may depend on specnic site
conditions and the experience of the driller. To ensure
an adequate working space, augers of appropriate
inside diameter for the required size well casing and
intake must be used.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Ground water, 'Drilling
machines(Tools), Contamination, Water quality, Se»
ments, Penetration, Wells, Well surveys. Sands,
Gravel, Reprints, "Hollow-stem auger drilling.
PB89-119895	Not available NTIS
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Drilling and Constructing Monitoring Wells Willi
Hollow-Stem Augers. Part 2. Monitoring Well In-
stallation (Journal Version). Interim rept Apr 86-
May 87,
National Water Well Association, Dublin, OH.
G. Hackett. C1988,10p EPA/600/J-88/191
See also Part 1, PB89-119887. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Pub. in Ground Water Monitoring Review, v8 n1 p60-
681988.
Advantages associated with hollow-stem auger drilling
include rig mobility and versatility; the utility of the
hollow stems for collection of representative samples
of formation materials and for installation of monitoring
wells; relatively fast advancement of the borehole In
unconsolidated deposits; minimal formation damage In
sands and gravels; minimal, if any, use of drilling fluids;
and good control of drill cuttings. When drilling in heav-
ing sands, if a positive pressure head of water cannot
be maintained inside the auger column as described in
the report, the use of monitoring the quality of ground
water below a known contaminated zone, hollow-stem
auger drilling may not be advisable unless protective
surface casing can be installed. Procedures used to
construct monitoring wells inside hollow-stem augers
may depend on specific site conditions and the experi-
ence of the driller. To ensure an adequate worldng
space, augers of appropriate inside diameter for the
required size well casing and intake must be used.
Keywords; "Water pollution, "Wells, "Drilling
machines(Tools), Contamination, Water quality, Sedi-
ments, Penetration, Ground water, Well surveys.
Sands, Gravel, Drilling fluids. Reprints, "Hollow-stem
auger drilling.
PB89-119903/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile tor
Pyrene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jul 87,88p EPA/600/X-87/393
The report was prepared to support listings of hazard-
ous constituents of a wide range of waste streams and
to provide health-related limits for emergency actions.
Published literature and information obtained from
EPA program office files were evaluated as they per-
tained to potential human health, aquatic life and envi-
ronmental effects of hazardous waste constituents.
Quantitative estimates have been presented, provided
sufficient data are available. Existing data are Insuffi-
cient to determine a Reference Dose or a carcinogenic
potency factor for pyrene. Data to determine the Re-
portable Quantity value, based on chronic toxicity, are
Insufficient.
Keywords: "Pyrenea, "Hazardous materials, "Toxicity
Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons. Profiles, Exposure!
Toxicology, Humans, Standards, Environmental
veys, Physiochemical properties, Carcinooena.
Concentratlon(Compo8ition), Absorptk>n(Biolo»rt
Aquatic biology, "Environmental effects, 'HealthiM*
facts, Risk assessment, Path of pollutants, Pharmam.
kinetics, CAS 129-00-0.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PM9-11M11/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
B«tzo(K)Fluoranth«ne.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Aug 87.61 p EPA/600/X-87/394
The report was prepared to support listings of hazard-
ous constituents of a wide range of waste streams and
to provide health-related limits for emergency actions.
Published literature and information obtained from
EPA program office files were evaluated as they per-
tained to potential human health, aquatic life and envi-
ronmental effects of hazardous waste constituents.
Quantitative estimates have been presented, provided
sufficient data are available. Existing data are insuffi-
cient to determine a Reference Dose or a carcinogenic
potency factor for benzo(k)fluoranthrene. Data to de-
termine the Reportable Quantity (RO) value, based on
chronic toxicity, are insufficient.
Keywords: 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Toxicity, Profiles, Aquatic biology,
Standards, Environmental surveys, Physicochemical
properties, Carcinogens, Exposure, Humans,
Concentration(Composition), Absorptlon(Biology),
Toxicology, 'Environmental effects, 'Health effects,
Risk assessment, Path of pollutants, Pharmacokine-
tics, CAS 207-08-9.
PB89-11M2A/H3U	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 3,3'-
Dtmettiylbenzkllne.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 87,66p EPA/600/X-87/391
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 3,3'-
Oimethylbenzidine was prepared to support listings of
hazardous constituents of a wide range of waste
streams under section 3301 of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide
health-related limits for emergency actions under Sec-
tion 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability ACt (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. 3,3'-Dlmethylbenzidine has been evaluated
a* a carcinogen. The human carcinogen potency
factor (q1*) for 3,3'-d!methylbenzidine is 9.2 (mg/kg/
day) for oral exposure. Existing data are insufficient to
determine an RQ value.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Hazardous materials, Profiles,
Exposure,	Concentration(Com position),
Absorption(Biology), Toxicology, Excretion, Metabo-
lism, Standards, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Humans,
Carcinogens, Laboratory animals, "Dimethyl benzidine,
•Health effects, 'Environmental effects, Biphenyl dia-
mine/dimethyl, CAS 119-93-7, Environmental trans-
port, Risk assessment, Pharmacokinetics.
P6W-119937/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Phenanthrene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jul 87,95p EPA/600/X-87/392
The report was prepared to support listings of hazard-
ous constituents of a wide range of waste streams and
to provide health-related limits for emergency actions.
Published literature and Information obtained from
EPA program office files were evaluated as they per-
tained to potential human health, aquatic life and envi-
ronmental effects of hazardous waste constituents.
Quantitative estimates have been presented, provided
aufflcjent data are available. Existing data are insuffi-
cient to determine a Reference Dose or a carcinogenic
ootancy factor for phenanthrene. Data to determine
tfwiRflportable Quantity (RQ) value, based on chronic
toxicity, are insufficient.
Keywords: 'Phenanthrene, 'Hazardous materials,
•Toxicity, 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Stand-
ards. Environmental surveys, Physlochemical proper-
flea Aquatic biology, Carcinogens, Profiles, Exposure,
Coocentration(Com position), Absorption(Biology),
Toxtooiogy, Humans, 'Environmental effects, 'Health
effects, Risk assessment, Path of pollutants. Pharma-
cokinetics, CAS 85-01-8.
PB89-119945	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Silica-Enhanced Solvents for Dry Injection Re-
moval of S02 from Flue Gas (Journal Version).
Journal article, Sep 86-Mar 67,
AcurexCorp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
W. Jozewicz, J. C. S. Chang, C. B. Sedman, and T. G.
Brna. C1988,9p EPA/600/J-68/156
Contract EPA-68-02-3988
See also PB87-182663. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v38
n8p1027-1034 1988.
The paper gives results of tests of novel silica-en-
hanced lime sorbents in a bench-scale sand-bed reac-
tor for their potential for S02 removal from flue gas.
Reactor conditions were: 64 C, relative humidity 60%
(corresponding to an approach to saturation tempera-
ture of 10 C), and inlet S02 concentration 500 or 1000
ppm. The sorbents were prepared by pressure hydra-
tion of CaO or Ca(OH)2 with siliceous materials at 100-
230 C (101-2793 kPa) for from 15 min. to 4 h. The con-
version of Ca(OH)2 in the sand-bed reactor increased
with the increasing weight ratio of flyash to lime and
correlated well with B.E.T. surface area, increasing
with increasing surface area. The optimum tempera-
ture range for the pressure hydration of flyash with
Ca(OH)2 was 110-160 C. The pressure hydration of di-
atomaceous earth with CaO did not offer significant re-
activity advantages over atmospheric hydration; how-
ever, the rate of enhancement of Ca(OH)2 conver-
sions was much faster with pressure hydration. SEM
and x-ray diffraction studies showed solids of different
morphology with different flyash/lime ratios and
changing conditions of pressure hydration. (Copyright
(C) 1988, APCA.)
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Flue
gases, 'Sorbents, 'Silica dioxide,
Absorbers(Materials), Concentration(Composition),
Fly ash, Reprints, Dry injection, Stationary sources.
PB89-119952/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Methods for Removing Uranium from Drinking
Water (Journal Veralon). Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
T. J. Sorg. 1988,11 p EPA/600/J-88/134
Pub. in Jnl. of the American Water Works Association,
v80 p105-111 Jul 88. See also DE83-005166.
The number of water supplies with high uranium levels
and the possibility of a national uranium regulation has
stimulated greater interest in uranium removal technol-
ogy. The paper summarizes recent information on the
effectiveness of various methods for uranium removal
from drinking water supplies. A variety of methods
have been studied and reported upon, however, most
of the Information was developed from either laborato-
ry or pilot plant 8tudies. Very limited data exists for full
scale treatment systems. Treatment methods dis-
cussed include conventional coagulation/filtration,
lime softening, ion exchange, activated alumina,
granular activated carbon, and reverse osmosis.
Keywords: 'Uranium, 'Potable water, Removal, Water
supply, Leading abstract, Purification, Coagulation, Fil-
tration, Calcium oxides, Softening, Ion exchanging, Ac-
tivated carbon, Osmosis, Reprints, 'Drinking water.
PB89-119960	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Low NOx, High Efficiency Multistaged Burner.
Fuel OH Results (Journal Version). Journal article,
Mar-May 87,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. A. Mulhofland, and R. K. Srivastava. c1988,7p EPA/
600/J-88/185
Contract EPA-68-02-4213
See also PB87-196788. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lib.
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v38
n9p1182-1167 Sep 88.
The paper discusses the fuel oil portion of an evalua-
tion, utilizing a multistaged combustion burner de-
signed for in-furnace NOx control and high combustion
efficiency, for high nitrogen content fuel and waste in-
cineration application in a 0.6 MW package boiler sim-
ulator. A low NOx precombustion chamber burner has
been reduced in size by about a factor of two (from 600
to 250 ms first-stage residence time) and coupled with
(1) air staging, resulting in a three-stage configuration,
and (2) natural gas fuel staging, yielding up to four stoi-
chiometric zones. Natural gas, doped with ammonia to
yield a 5.8% fuel nitrogen content, and distillate fuel
oil, doped with pyridine to yield a 2% fuel nitrogen con-
tent, were used to simulate high nitrogen content fuel/
waste mixtures. The multistaged burner reduced NO
emissions by 85% from emission levels from a con-
ventional unstaged burner mounted on a commercial
package boiler. A minimum NO emission level of 110
ppm was achieved in the fuel oil tests, from a level of
765 ppm for conventional firing. This is compared with
a 160 ppm minimum NO level achieved in gaseous fuel
tests, from an uncontrolled level of 1000 ppm. (Copy-
right (c) 1988, APCA.)
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
'Fuel oils, Combustion products, Boilers, Burners,
Design, Performance, Reprints, 'Staged combustion,
Stationary sources.
PB89-119978/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Elements In Major Raw Agricultural Crops in the
United States. 2. Other Elements in Lettuce, Pea-
nuts, Potatoes, Soybeans, Sweet Corn, and Wheat
(Journal Version). Journal article,
Food and Drug Administration, Rockviile, MD.
K. A. Wolnik, F. L. Fricke, S. G. Capar, G. L. Braude,
and M. W. Meyer. 1983,8p EPA/600/J-83/368
Pub. in Jnl. of Agric. Food Chem., v31 n6 p1244-1249
Nov/Dec 83. See also PB84-201946, and PB89-
119986. Prepared in cooperation with Soil Conserva-
tion Service, Washington, DC. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Re-
duction Engineering Lab.
Six raw agricultural crops (lettuce, peanuts, potatoes,
soybeans, sweet corn, and wheat) were collected from
fields in major U.S. growing areas and were analyzed
for Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Se, and Zn.
Statistical frequency distributions of some of the major
elements were normal.
Keywords: 'Farm crops, 'Chemical analysis, 'Environ-
mental surveys, Calcium, Copper, Iron, Potassium,
Magnesium, Manganese, Molybdenum, Sodium,
Nickel, Phosphorus, Selenium, Zinc,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints.
PB89-119986/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Elements in Major Raw Agricultural Crop* in the
United States. 3. Cadmium, Lead, and Eleven
Other Elements In Carrots, Field Com, Onions,
Rice, Spinach, and Tomatoes (Journal Version).
Journal article,
Food and Drug Administration, Rockviile, MD.
K. A. Wolnik, F. L. Fricke, S. G. Capar, M. W. Meyer,
and R. D. Sabger. 1985,8p EPA/600/J-85/539
Pub. in Jnl. of Agric. Food Chem., v33 n5 p807-811
1985. See also PB84-201946, and PB89-119978. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Soil Conservation Service,
Washington, DC. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineer-
ing Lab.
Six raw agricultural crops (carrots, field corn, onions,
rice, spinach, and tomatoes) were collected from
major U.S. growing areas uncontaminated by human
activities other than normal agricultural practices. Han-
dling, preparation, and analysis of the 1215 samples
were performed under carefully controlled conditions.
Cadmium and lead were determined by differential
Kulse anodic stripping voltammetry and Ca, Cu, Fe, K,
Ig, Mn, Mo. Na, Ni, P. and Zn by inductively coupled
plasma emission spectroscopy. Mean Cd concentra-
tions in carrots, field corn, onions, rice, spinach, and
tomatoes were 0.028,0.012,0.011, 0.012, 0.065, and
0.017 micrograms/g (wet weight), respectively; mean
Pb concentrations in these crops were 0.009, 0.022,
0.005, 0.007, 0.045, and 0.002 micrograms/g wet
weight, respectively.
Keywords: 'Farm crops, 'Chemical analysis, 'Envi-
ronmental surveys. Cadmium, Lead(Metal), Calcium,
Copper, Iron, Potassium, Magnesium, Maganese, Mo-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
lybdenum, Sodium, Nickel, Phosphorus, Selenium,
Zinc, Concentration(Composition), Reprints.
PB89-119994/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Modal Analysis of Metal Partitioning In a Hazard-
ous Waste Incineration System (Journal Version).
Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
C. C. Lee. 1988, 7p EPA/600/J-88/182
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v38
n7 p941-945 Jul 88.
Because the 1984 Amendments to the Solid Waste
Act require that the wastes listed under the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) be passed
through an analysis to assess the feasibility of banning
from further land disposal, more incineration is expect-
ed to be used for disposing of either the banned
wastes directly or the residues of various treatment
processes. Incineration of hazardous wastes, munici-
pal wastes and industrial sludges all produce some
extent of trace metals. The paper provides a prelimi-
nary model concept for analyzing metal partitioning
during incineration. The paper concludes that a model
for predicting metal partitioning phenomenon is feasi-
ble and will save cost in conducting metal emission
testing in the field.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'Waste treatment, 'Incinerators, 'Metals, Fly ash,
Flue gases, Separation, Mathematical models, Parti-
cles, Ashes, Reprints, Emission factors.
PB89-120000	Not available NTIS
Biological Aerated Filter Evaluation (Journal Ver-
sion). Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
H. D. Stensel, H. C. Brenner, K. M. Lee, H. Melcer, and
K. Rakness. C1988,18p EPA/600/J-88/183
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Engineering, v114 n3
p655-671 Jun 88. Prepared in cooperation with Wash-
ington Univ., Seattle. Dept. of Civil Engineering, Cincin-
nati Univ., OH., Environmental Protection Service, Bur-
lington (Ontario). Waste Water Technology Centre,
and Process Applications, Inc., Fort Collins, CO.
The paper presents the results of a 2-year evaluation
of a two-cell, full-size biological aerated filter
w
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
phenylacetic acid to HPA. (Copyright (c) 1988 Ameri-
can Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Biogenic amines, 'Pseudomonas arugin-
osa, 'Metabolism, 'Bacteria, 'Tyramine, Oxygenases,
NADH, NADPH oxidoreductases, Analklyamines, Mu-
tations, Enzyme induction, Molecular cloning, Chromo-
some mapping, Reprints, "Octopamine, Benzene
methanol/(aminomethyi)-hydroxy.
PB89-120075/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Removal ol Organic Toxic Pollutants by Trickling
Fitter and Activated Sludge (Journal Version),
Journal article (Final) Nov S5-Sep 87,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
S. A. Hannah, B. M. Austern, A. E. Eralp, and R. A.
DobbS. 1968,6p EPA/800/J-88/113
Pub. in Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
v60 n7 p1281 -1283 J ul 88.
A standard rate trickling filter was operated in parallel
with a conventional activated sludge system to evalu-
ate removals of 21 priority pollutant organics spiked
into municipal wastewater. The two processes gave
comparable removals of seven volatile compounds
where stripping to the atmosphere is a principal remov-
al mechanism. Average removals of volatiles for both
processes exceeded 91%. The activated sludge pro-
duced removals of 14 semivolatile organics averaging
12% higher than removals by the trickling filter and
would be preferred for treatment of that class of com-
pounds. Toxic removal data from two essentially Iden-
tical activated sludge studies conducted two years
apart are compared. While overall results were gener-
ally comparable, some significant differences were
noted for individual compounds. Allowances should be
made for such variability when removal data are used
for regulatory purposes.
Keywords: 'Waste water, 'Municipalities, 'Activated
Sludge process, Water treatment devices, Water purifi-
cation, Filtration, 'Volatile organic compounds (VOC).
PB69-120083	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Advanced Oxidation Processes for Treating
Groundwater Contaminated with TCE (Trlchlor-
oethyiene) and PCE (Tetrachloroethylene): Labo-
ratory Studies (Journal Version). Journal article,
California Univ., Los Angeles.
W. H. Glaze, and J. W. Kang. c1988,9p EPA/800/ J-
88/114
Grant EPA-R-813188
Sponeored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
Pub in Jnl. of American Water Works Association, v80
nS p57-63 May 88.
Oxidation of trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachlor-
cwthytene (PCE) with various dosages of ozone or
ozone plus hydrogen peroxide was studied in laborato-
ry experiments. Tne results show that hydrogen perox-
ide accelerates the oxidation of TCE and PCE by
ozone. At peroxlde-to-ozone dosage ratios above 0.7
(w/w), the process appears to be mass transfer limit-
ed High levels of bicarbonate ion in the groundwater
stanificantly decreased the efficiency of TCE and PCE
removal by the ozone-peroxide system, suggesting
that softening prior to oxidation may improve tne proc-
ess.
Keywords: 'Groundwater, 'Contaminants, 'Halohy-
drocarbons, 'Tetrachloroethylene, 'Water pollution
abatement, Water treatment, Oxidation, Water purifi-
cation.
P869-120M1	Not available NTIS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
n^|H|i- in a Saturated-Stratified Aquifer with Re-
dharae(Journal Version). Journal article,
AgrloStural Research Service, Riverside, CA. Salinity
S*R Yates. C1988,9p EPA/600/J-88/130
pranared in cooperation with California Univ., River-
akjaDept. of Soli and Environmental Sciences. Spon-
sored^ Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab.,
pfS* m Soil Science Society of America Jnl., v52 ri2
p36&-383 Mar/Apr 88.
An analytical solution for the flow of water through a
large-scale laboratory aquifer consisting of three soil
layers is presented. It is assumed that each layer is
saturated, that the soil is homogeneous but may be an-
isotropic and that the flow of water in each layer is two-
dimensional; that is, the flow at the inflow and outflow
boundary is uniform over the entire aquifer width. The
solution includes a flux boundary condition at the sur-
face which allows recharge to, or a loss from, the
upper aquifer. The solution is presented in terms of the
hydraulic head and the stream function. The features
of the solution are illustrated with several examples.
Keywords: 'Aquifers, 'Water pollution, 'Water flow,
Mathematical models, 'Soil properties, Design criteria
Laboratory equipment, Heterogeneity, Fluid infiltration,
Stratification, Reprints, Head(Fluid mechanics). Poros-
ity, Pore pressure.
PB89-120109	Not available NTIS
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Electrophlllc Bromlnatlon of Dlbenzo-p-Dloxin
(Journal Version). Journal article,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
W. D. Munslow, G. W. Sovocool, J. R. Donnelly, and R.
K. Mitchum. C1987, 8p EPA/600/J-87/450
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Pub. in Chemosphere, v16 n8-9 p1661 -1666 1987.
Brominated dibenzodioxine (PBDDs) may be widely
dispersed in the environment, arising from the oxida-
tive ring closure of fire retardant brominated biphenyl
ethers, from the combustion of other bromine contain-
ing materials, from the use of brominated phenols as
synthetic intermediates, and from other routes analo-
gous to those leading to formation of the polychlorinat-
ed dibenzodioxins (PCDDs). In order to monitor possi-
ble environmental contamination by highly toxic
PBDDs, authentic analytical chemical standards of
these compounds must be available. Therefore, di-
benzo-p-dioxin has been brominated under standard
electrophlllc conditions to yield mono through octabro-
modibenzodioxin. The GC retention indices (Rl) for
thirteen products have been measured and correlated
with the retention indices calculated for the corre-
sponding chlorodibenzodioxins. Mass spectra for the
eight major congeners are reported.
Keywords: 'SynthesisfChemistry), 'Chemical analysis,
Bromination, Bromine organic compounds, Repnnts,
'Brominated dibenzodioxins, 'Dibenzodioxin/bromo,
Dibenzodioxin/dibromo, Dibenzodioxin/tribromo, Di-
benzodioxin/perbromo.
PM9-120117/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Long-Term Biological Data Sets: Their Role In Re-
search, Monitoring, and Management of Eatuarine
and Coastal Marine Syatema (Journal Version).
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
D. A. Wolfe, M. A. Champ, D. A. Flemer, and A. J.
Mearns. 1987,15p EPA/600/J-87/449
Pub. in Estuaries, v10 n3 p181-193 Sep 87. Prepared
in cooperation with National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, RockviDe, MD. Ocean Assessments
Div., and National Science Foundation, Washington,
DC.
Long-term records of biological data are extremely val-
uable for documenting ecosystems changes, for differ-
entiating natural changes from those caused by
humans, and for generating and analyzing testable hy-
potheses. Long-term sampling, however, is generally
discouraged by a variety of institutional disincentives,
so that today such records are uncommon. Approach-
es for overcoming these disincentives through im-
proved research planning and design are discussed,
including clearer a priori definition of management and
regulatory actions and information needs, more rigor-
ous adherence to hypothesis formulation and testing,
and proper spatial and temporal scaling in sampling.
Prospective study design, in which the foregoing ele-
ments are essential for cost-effectiveness, and retro-
spective analysis, which relies on reconstruction of
long-term records from existing data sets are delineat-
Keywords: 'Coasts, 'Biology, 'Ecology, 'Sampling,
Biogeography, Ecological succession, Life cycles,
Habitabllity, Data recording, Planning, Records man-
agement, Statistical analysis, Marine biology, Reprints,
'Ecosystems.
PB89-120125	Not available NTIS
Indoor Air Sampling and Mutagenicity Studies of
Emissions from Unvented Coal Combustion (Jour-
nal Version). Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. L. Mumford, D. B. Harris, K. Williams, J. C. Chuang,
and M. Cooke. C1987,6p EPA/600/ J-87/443
Prepared in cooperation with Battelle Columbus Labs.,
OH.
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v21
n3p308-311 Mar 87.
The article discusses preparations for indoor air sam-
pling and mutagenicity studies of emissions from un-
vented coal combustion in homes in rural Xuan Wei
County in southern China. A medium-volume sampler
was developed to collect particles less than 10-mi-
crometers and semivolatile organics, using a filter and
XAD-2 resin, respectively. A nigh-volume particulate
sampler was used for comparison. Coal was burned
under conditions that simulated open-pit combustion
that occurs in Xuan Wei. High- and medium-volume
sampling yielded similar, hign particulate concentra-
tions of 38-39 mg/cu m. Of the total extractable organ-
ic mass, 15% was collected in the XAD-2 resin; the re-
maining 85% was retained in the filter. Polycyclic aro-
matic hydrocarbons found in the XAD consisted of four
or fewer rings. The XAD sample showed low mutagen-
ic activity, with most of the mutagenic activity found in
the filter. Coal combustion emitted both direct- and in-
direct-acting mutagens, most of which were frameshift
mutagens. (Copyright (c) 1987 American Chemical So-
ciety.)
Keywords: 'Mutagens, 'Coal, 'Heating fuels, 'Ex-
haust gases, Particles, Sampling, 'Foreign technolo-
gy, 'Indoor air pollution, 'Xuan Wei County(China),
Volatile organic compounds(VOC).
PB89-120133/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Comparative Toxicity of Six Test Chemicals to
Lettuce Using Two Root Elongation Test Method*
(Journal Version). Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
H. C. Ratsch, and D. Johndro. 1986,12p EPA/600/J-
86/499
Pub. in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v6
P267-2761986.
Lettuce (Lactuca sath/a L„ cv buttercrunch) was used
to evaluate and compare the results from two different
root elongation phototoxicity test methods with the
same six test substances. Seeds were either germinat-
ed in the dark on an inclined filter paper substrate with
one end immersed in test solution or germinated In 0.1
strength nutrient solution with a 16 hr light period in a
glass bulb mixed and aerated with compressed air.
Sodium fluoride, monosodium methanearsonate and
monuron reduced lettuce root length at similar concen-
trations for both methods; with cadmium chloride and
2,4-D root inhibition occurred at concentrations ap-
proximately one order of magnitude smaller in the so-
lution culture method than in the substrate method.
Two orders of magnitude difference were observed
between the two methods for silver nitrate. The results
indicate that the solution method is at least as sensi-
tive for all the chemicals tested and much more sensi-
tive for some.
Keywords: 'Herbicides, 'Lettuce, 'Toxicity, 'Plant
growth, Sodium fluorides, Silver nitrate, Nitrogen inor-
ganic compounds, Tests, Arsenic organic compounds,
Cadmium halides, Methane arsonic acids, Fluorides,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, 'Lactuca
sativa, Monuron, Cadmium chloride, Plant roots, Urea/
N-chlorophenyl-N,N-dimethyl, MSMA herbicide,
Screening, D 2-4 herbicide, Acetic acid/dichlorophen-
oxy.
PB89-120141	Not available NTIS
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Survival and Transport of Hepatitis A Virus In
Soils, Groundwater and Wastewater (Journal Ver-
sion). Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
M. D. Sobsey, P. A. Shields, F. H. Hauchman, R. L.
Hazard, and L. W. Caton. C1986,11p EPA/600/J-86/
497
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
Pub. in Water Science and Technology, v18 n10 p97-
106 Oct 86.
Hepatitis A virus (HAV), poliovirus type 1 and echovirus
type 1 were studied for their adsorption and survival in
groundwater, wastewater and soils suspended in
these media and for survival and transport through un-
saturated miniature soil columns intermittently dosed
with virus-laden groundwater or wastewater. There
were differences among the viruses in adsorption to
soils, with poliovirus adsorbed most extensively, echo-
virus the least and HAV intermediate between these
two. All three viruses survived well ior at least 12
weeks in groundwater, wastewater and soil suspen-
sions at 5 deg C. However, at 25 deg C, HAV survived
generally longer than poliovirus and echovirus. In mini-
ature soil columns dosed with virus-laden groundwater
or wastewater, virus reductions were generally least
for echovirus and greatest for poliovirus. HAV reduc-
tions were intermediate between these two, but more
like poliovirus. The ability of HAV to survive for long pe-
riods in soils, groundwater and wastewater and to mi-
grate to some extent through unsaturated soils helps
to explain why HAV can contaminate groundwater and
cause outbreaks of groundwaterborne disease. (Copy-
right (c) 1987IAWPRC.)
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Hepatitis A virus, 'Soils,
Groundwater, Wastewater, ECHO viruses, Poliovirus,
Adsorption, Temperature, Reprints, 'Environmental
transport, 'Waterborne diseases, Environmental per-
sistence.
PB89-120158/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Phthallc Add Esters.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 87,254p EPA/600/X-87/384
The report was prepared to support listings of hazard-
ous constituents of a wide range of waste streams and
to provide health-related limits for emergency actions.
Published literature and information obtained from
EPA program office files were evaluated as they per-
tained to potential human health, aquatic life and envi-
ronmental effects of hazardous waste constituents.
Quantitative estimates have been presented, provided
sufficient data are available. D1 (2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
has been evaluated as a carcinogen and its human
carcinogen potency factor for oral exposure was cal-
culated. Diethyl phthalate and di-n-butyl phthalate
nave been determined to be systemic toxicants. Refer-
ence Doses (RfD), defined as an estimate of the daily
exposure to the human population that is likely to be
without appreciable risk of deleterious effect during a
lifetime were estimated for oral exposure. Existing data
are insufficient to determine an RfD or a carcinogenic
potency factor for diisononyl phthalate, dimethyl
phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate and n-butyl benzyl
P • ~"e R®Portable Quantity value of 1,10,100,
1,000 or 5,000 pounds is used to determine the quanti-
ty of a hazardous substance for which notification is re-
quired in the event of a release.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Phthalates, 'Hazardous materi-
als,	Profiles,	Carcinogens,
Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Phthallc
acids, Regulations, Standards, Absorption(Biology),
Metabolism, Humans, Aquatic biology, 'Health effects,
'Environmental effects, Risk assessment, CAS 85-68-
7, CAS 85-69-8, CAS 84-74-2, CAS 84-77-5, CAS 117-
87-7, CAS 84-66-2, CAS 3648-21-3, CAS 84-75-23,
CAS 26761-40-0, CAS 28553-12-3, CAS 27554-26-3,
CAS 131-11-3, CAS 84-76-4, CAS 84-76-4, CAS 117-
84-0, CAS 84-62-8, CAS 2117-06-2, CAS 3648-20-2.
PB89-120232	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Variance Techniques to Measure Dry Air-Surface
Exchange Hates (Journal Version). Journal article,
Argonne National Lab., IL. Biological, Environmental,
and Medical Research Div.	o0/iro
M. L. Wesely. C1988,20p EPA/600/J-88/163
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Apency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric fences Re-
search Lab., and Department of Energy, Washington,
DC.
1198 Vol. 90, No. 24
Pub. in Boundary-Layer Meteorology, v44 p13-31
1988.
Variances of fluctuations of scalar quantities can be
measured and interpreted to yield indirect estimates of
their vertical fluxes in the atmospheric surface layer.
Strong correlations among scalar fluctuations indicate
a similarity of transfer mechanisms. Chemical sensors
whose output is contaminated by nonatmospheric
noise, covariances with fluctuations of scalar quanti-
ties measured with a very good signal-to-noise ratios
can be used to extract the needed standard deviation.
Field measurements have shown that many of these
approaches are successful for gases such as ozone
and sulfur dioxide, as well as for temperature and
water vapor, and could be extended to other trace sub-
stances. In humid areas, it appears that water vapor
fluctuations often have a higher degree of correlation
to fluctuations of other trace gases than do tempera-
ture fluctuations, making water vapor a more reliable
reference scalar. These techniques provide some reli-
able research approaches but for routine or operation-
al measurement they are limited by the need for fast-
response sensors. (Copyright (c) 1988 by Kluwer Aca-
demic Publishers.)
Keywords: 'Atmospheric composition, 'Mathematical
models, 'Variance(Statistics), Ozone, Sulfur dioxide,
Error analysis, Air pollution, 'Acid deposition, 'Acid
rain. Atmospheric chemistry.
PB89-120240/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Soma Characteristics of Ozone Formation In the
Urban Plume of St. Louis, MO. (Journal Version).
Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
A. P. Altshuller. 1988,14p EPA/600/J-88/164
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v22 n3 p499-510
1988.
The 03 measurements from the RAMS monitoring net-
work in St. Louis in the upwind and downwind wind
flow direction have been used to evaluate the impact
of the urban plume of St. Louis. Incremental 03 forma-
tion within the urban plume compared to regional 03
background increases both in frequency and intensity
from spring into midsummer and declines again In late
summer and early fall. Episodic periods with substan-
tial increments of 03 formation to the plume over
background occur especially during the summer
months. Aircraft measurement of 03 are used in com-
bination with surface measurements to estimate the
transport distance and width of the plume of St. Louis.
The significance Is evaluated of incremental 03 forma-
tion in the St. Louis plume on population exposures as
well as on fumigations of field crops or forest in rural
areas downwind. The results obtained from the St.
Louis plume are discussed as they may apply to
plumes from other cities, especially in interior regions
of the United States.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Monitoring, Atmospheric diffu-
sion, Plume detection, Air pollution, Atmospheric com-
position, Chemical reactions, Rural urban fringe,
'Saint Louis(Missourl), Air toxic substances.
PB89-120257/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ethyl
Acrylate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
May 87,99p EPA/600/X-87/162
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for ethyl
acrylate was prepared to support listings of hazardous
constituents of a wide range of waste streams under
Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act (RCRA) and to provide health-related limits
for emergency actions under Section 101 of the Com-
prehensive Environmental Response, Compensation
and Liability Act (CERCLA). Both published literature
and information obtained from Agency program office
files were evaluated as they pertained to potential
human health, aquatic life and environmental effects
of hazardous waste constituents. Ethyl acrylate has
been evaluated as a carcinogen. The human carcino-
gen potency factor (q1 *) for ethyl acrylate is .048/ma/
kg/day for oral exposure. The Reportable Quantity
(RQ) value for ethyl acrylate is 1000.
Keywords: 'Acrylates, "Toxicity, "Hazardous materi-
als, Profiles, Exposure, Concentration(Composition),
Absorption(Biology), Toxicology, Metabolism, Stand-
ards, Fishes, Invertebrates, Vertebrates, Humans, Car-
cinogens, Respiration, "Ethyl acrylate, "Health effects,
'Environmental effects, Propenoic acid/(ethyl ester),
CAS 140-88-5, Environmental transport, Risk assess-
ment, Pharmacokinetics.
PB69-120265/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Direct Llghtfast Blue.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Apr 87, 34p EPA/600/X-87/169
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Direct Lightfast Blue was prepared to support listings
of hazardous constituents of a wide range of waste
streams under Section 3001 of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide
health-related limits for emergency actions under Sec-
tion 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic Hfe
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Quantitative estimates have been presented
provided sufficient data are available. Existingdataare
insufficient to determine a Reference Dose (RfD) or a
carcinogenic potency factor for Direct Lightfast Blue.
Existing data are insufficient to determine an RQ value.
Keywords: "Azo dyes, "Toxicity, "Hazardous materi-
als, Profiles, Exposure, Toxicology, Humans, "Direct
Blue 71, "Health effects, "Environmental effects,
Naphthalene disulfonic acid, CAS 4399-55-7, Risk as-
sessment.
PB89-120273/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Niag-
ara Blue 48.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
May 87, 51 p EPA/600/X-87/389
The report was prepared to support listings of hazard-
ous constituents of a wide range of waste streams and
to provide health-related limits for emergency actions.
Published literature and information obtained from
EPA program office files were evaluated as they per-
tained to potential human health, aquatic life and envi-
ronmental effects of hazardous waste constituents.
Quantitative estimates have been presented, provided
sufficient data are available. Existing data are insuffi-
cient to determine a Reference Dose or a carcinogenic
potency factor for Niagara Blue 4B. Data for determin-
ing the Reportable Quantity value, based on chronic
toxicity, are insufficient.
Keywords: "Azo dyes, "Hazardous materials, "Toxici-
ty, Profiles, Aquatic biology, Standards, Environmental
surveys, Physicochemical properties, Carcinogens,
Exposure,	Concentration(Compositk)n),
Absorption(Biology), Toxicology, Humans, Environ-
mental effects, 'Health effects, Risk assessment. Path
of pollutants, Pharmacokinetics, CAS 2429-74-5, Mag.
ara Blue 4B.
PB89-120281/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-
Methylanlllne and 2-Methylanlllne Hydrochloride.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Feb 87,114p EPA/600/X-87/092
The report was prepared to support listings of hazard-
ous constituents of a wide range of waste streams and
to provide health-related limits for emergency actions
Published literature and information obtained from
EPA program office files were evaluated as they per-
tained to potential human health, aquatic life and envi-
ronmental effects of hazardous waste constituents.
Quantitative estimates have been presented, provided
sufficient data are available. 2-Methylaniline and 2.
methylaniline hydrochloride have been evaluated as
carcinogens, and their human carcinogen potency fac-
tors for oral exposure were calculated. The Reportable
Quantity value, based on chronic toxicity, for 2-methv!
laniline and 2-methyianlline hydrochloride Is 1 ooo
pounds.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Anilines, 'Toxicltv
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Physicochemical properties, Profiles, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Absorption(Biology),
Toxicology, Humans, Aquatic biology, "Health effects,
•Environmental effects, Risk assessment, Path of pol-
lutants, CAS 95-53-4, CAS 636-21-5, Pharmacokine-
tics.
PB89-120299/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for N,N-
Diethylaniline.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Mar 87,40p EPA/600/X-87/115
The report was prepared to support listings of hazard-
ous constituents of a wide range of waste streams and
to provide health-related limits for emergency actions.
Published literature and information obtained from
EPA program office files were evaluated as they per-
tained to potential human health, aquatic life and envi-
ronmental effects of hazardous waste constituents.
Quantitative estimates have been presented provided
sufficient data are available. Existing data are insuffi-
cient to determine a Reference Dose or a carcinogenic
potency factor for N,N-diethylanillne. Data to deter-
mine the Reportable Quantity value, based on chronic
toxicity, are insufficient.
Keywords: "Anilines, "Hazardous materials, "Toxicity,
Profiles, Exposure, Toxicology, Humans, Standards,
Environmental surveys, Physiochemical properties,
Carcinogens,	Concentration(Composition),
Absorption (Bio logy), Aquatic biology, "Environmental
effects, 'Health effects, Risk assessment, Path of pol-
lutants, Pharmacokinetics, CAS 91-66-7.
PB89-120307/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Direct Black 38.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Mar 87,73p EPA/600/X-87/116
The report was prepared to support listings of hazard-
ous constituents of a wide range of waste streams and
to provide health-related limits for emergency actions.
Published literature and information obtained from
EPA program office files were evaluated as they per-
tained to potential human health, aquatic life ana envi-
ronmental effects of hazardous waste constituents.
Quantitative estimates have been presented, provided
sufficient data are available. Direct Black 38 has been
evaluated as a carcinogen and its human carcinogen
potency factor for oral exposure was calculated. The
Reportable Quantity value, based on chronic toxicity,
is 100 pounds.
Keywords: "Industrial wastes, "Azo dyes, "Hazardous
materials, "Toxicity, Profiles, Exposure, Standards, En-
vironmental surveys, Physiochemical properties, Car-
cinogens,	Concentration(Composition),
Absorptlon(Blology), Toxicology, Humans, Aquatic bi-
ology, "Health effects, "Environmental effects, Risk
assessment, Path of pollutants, CAS 1937-37-7, Direct
Black 38, Pharmacokinetics.
PB89-120315/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1-
Amino-2-Naphthol and l-Amlno-2-Naphthol Hy-
drochloride.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Nov 86,36p EPA/600/X-87/029
The Health and Environmental EFfects Profile for 1-
amino-2-naphthol and l-amino-2-naphthol hydrochlo-
ride was prepared to support listings of hazardous con-
stituents of a wide range of waste streams under Sec-
tion 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA) and to provide health-related limits for
emergency actions under Section 101 of the Compre-
hensive Environmental Response, Compensation and
Liability Act (CERCLA). Both published literature and
information obtained from Agency program office files
were evaluated as they pertained to potential human
health, aquatic life and environmental effects of haz-
ardous waste constituents. Existing data are insuffi-
cient to determine a Reference Dose (RfD) or a carci-
nogenic potency factor for 1 -amlno-2-naphthol and 1-
amlno-2-naphthol hydrochloride. Existing data are in-
sufficient to determine an RQ value.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Hazardous materials, Profiles,
Toxicology, Standards, Naphthols, Arylamines, Neo-
plasms, Laboratory animals, "Aminonapbthol, "Health
effects, "Environmental effects, Naphthalenol/amino,
CAS 2834-92-6, Risk assessment, Naphthalenol/
amino-(hydrochloride salt).
PB89-120323/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ethyl
Acetate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Dec 86, 73p EPA/600/X-87/028
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for ethyl
acetate was prepared to support listings of hazardous
constituents of a wide range of waste streams under
Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act (RCRA) and to provide health-related limits
for emergency actions under Section 101 of the Com-
prehensive Environmental Response, Compensation
and Liability Act (CERCLA). Both published literature
and information obtained from Agency program office
files were evaluated as they pertained to potential
human health, aquatic life and environmental effects
of hazardous waste constituents. Ethyl acetate has
been determined to be a systemic toxicant. The daily
exposure to the human population (including sensitive
subgroups) that is likely to be without appreciable risk
of deleterious effect during a lifetime, for ethyl acetate
is 0.9 mg/kg/day for oral exposure. The Reportable
Quantity (RQ) value for ethyl acetate is 1000.
Keywords: "Ethyl acetate, "Toxicity, "Hazardous ma-
terials,	Profiles,	Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Absorption(Biology),
acid
Humans,
Carcinogens, Respiration, "Health effects, "Environ-
mental effects, CAS 141-78-6, Environmental trans-
port, Risk assessment, Pharmacokinetics.
Toxicology, Metabolism, Standards, Carboxylic
esters, Fishes, Invertebrates, Vertebrates, Hum
PB89-120331/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Direct Brown 95.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Mar 87,58p EPA/600/X-87/117
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Direct Brown 95 was prepared to support listings of
hazardous constituents of a wide range of waste
streams under Section 3001 of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide
health-related limits for emergency actions under Sec-
tion 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. The human carcinogen potency factor (ql*)
for Direct Brown 95 is 9.3 (mg/kg/day) for oral expo-
sure. The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value for Direct
Brown 95 is 100.
Keywords: *Azo dyes, "Toxicity, "Hazardous materi-
als, Profiles, Exposure, Concentratton(Composltlon),
Toxicology, Excretion, Metabolism, Standards, Copper
organic compounds, Fishes, Humans, Carcinogens,
Laboratory animals, "Direct Brown 95, "Health effects,
"Environmental effects, CAS 16071-86-6, Environ-
mental transport, Risk assessment.
PB89-120489/H8U	CP T05
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical
Substances Inventory: Reissued Inventory Syno-
nym and Preferred Nam* File, April 198S. Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Information Management and Services Dh/.
E. T. Merrick. 18S8, mag tape EPA/560/7-88/005,
EPA/DF/MT-89/009
Supersedes PB86-220878, PB86-220860, and PB83-
254128. See also PB86-220795 and PB86-220803.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call Nils Computer Prod-
ucts.
The Toxic Substance Act Chemical Substances Inven-
tory: Reissued Inventory lists names and more than
50,000 Chemical Substances. The computer-readable
TSCA Chemical Substance Inventory - 1985 Edition
and its subsequent computer-readable supplements or
cumulative reissues contain chemical substance infor-
mation for those substances on the non-confidential
substance identity portion of the TSCA Master Inven-
tory File. For a complete understanding of the data
contained on these tapes, it is necessary to consult the
introductory material of the printed 1985 Edition. The
revised inventory consists of two files: (1) Inventory
Preferred Name File (EPA-560/7-88-005a); (2) Inven-
tory Synonym Name File (EPA-560/7-88-005b). This is
the first file which contains each substance with its
CAS Registry Number, preferred CA Index Name, mo-
lecular formula, and other appropriate information. The
entries are in ascending CAS Registry Number order.
Keywords: "Chemical compounds, "Environmental
surveys, Inventories, Chemical industry, Manufactur-
ing, "Toxic Substances Control Act.
PB89-120539/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Benzo(ghl)perylene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jul 87,63p EPA/600/X-87/395
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
benzo(ghi)perylene was prepared to support listings of
hazardous constituents of a wide range of waste
streams under Section 3001 of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide
health-related limits for emergency actions under Sec-
tion 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Quantitative estimates have been presented
provided sufficient data are available. Existing data are
insufficient to determine a Reference Dose (RFD) or a
carcinogenic potency factor for benzo(ghi)perylene.
The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value of 1, 10, 100,
1000 or 5000 pounds is used to determine the quantity
of a hazardous substance for which notification is re-
quired in the event of a release as specified by
CERCLA based on chronic toxicity. Existing data are
insufficient to determine an RQ value.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Hazardous materials, Profiles,
Exposure, Concentration(Composition), Toxicology,
Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Invertebrates,
Humans, Respiration, "Benzoperylene, "Health ef-
fects, "Environmental effects, Perylene/benzo, CAS
191-24-2, Environmental transport, Risk assessment.
PB89-120547/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methyl Aery late.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 87,65p EPA/600/X-87/390
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
methyl aciylate was prepared to support listings of
hazardous constituents of a wide range of waste
streams under Section 3001 of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide
health-related limits for emergency actions under Sec-
tion 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Methyl acrylate has been determined to be a
systemic toxicant. The dally exposure to the human
population (including sensitive subgroups) that is likely
to be without appreciable risk of deleterious effort
during a lifetime, for methyl acrylate is 0.03 mg/kg/day
for oral exposure. The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value
for methyl acrylate is 1000.
Keywords: "Acrylates, "Toxicity, "Hazardous materi-
als, Profiles, Exposure, Concentration(Composition},
Absorption(Biology), Toxicology, Excretion, Metabo-
lism, Standards, Carboxylic add esters, Fishes, Inver-
tebrates, Humans, Respiration, Algae, Laboratory ani-
mals, "Methyl acrylate, "Health effects, "Environmen-
tal effects, Propenoic acid(Methy) ester), CAS 96-33-3,
Environmental transport, Risk assessment. Pharmaco-
kinetics.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB89-120737/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Relationship between the Mass Concentration
and Light Attenuation of Particulate Emissions
from Coal-Fired Power Plants (Journal Version).
Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
W. D. Conner, and K. T. Knapp. 1988,9p EPA/600/J-
88/162
Pub. In Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association 38,
p152-1571988.
Data are presented on 40 mass concentration-light at-
tenuation tests of particulate emissions at coal-fired
power plants with electrostatic precipitator controls,
and on particle size measurements at two plants near
the high and low extremes in the range of the mass
concentration-light attenuation tests. Good correla-
tions were observed between mass concentration and
light attenuation measurements at most of the plants.
Ninety-three % of the tests had correlation coefficients
of 0.90 or better. Unfortunately, the relationship varied
considerably from plant to plant. A theoretical analysis
of the light attenuation to mass concentration ratio
from the particle size measurements at the plants near
the range extremes accounted for about hall of the
measured range. The repeatability of several mass
concentration-flght attenuation tests at the same
plants at different times was inconsistent; however, a
more accurate monitoring of the mass concentration is
obtained if an empirically established mass concentra-
tion-light attenuation relationship is used to calibrate
the transmissometer for the plant.
Keywords: Particles, Light absorption, Air pollution,
Monitoring, "Coal fired power plants, 'Total suspend-
ed particulates, 'Visibility.
PB89-120745	Not available NTIS
Polymer Film Standards for X-ray Fluorescence
Spectrometers (Journal Version). Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
T. G. Dzubay, N. Morosoff, G. L. Whitaker, and H.
Yasuda. C1988,17p EPA/600/J-88/165
Prepared in cooperation with Research Triangle Inst.,
Research Triangle Park, NC., and Missouri Univ.-Rolla.
Dept. of Chemical Engineering.
Pub. in Jnl. of Trace and Microprobe Techniaues v5
n4p327-341,1988.
Sets of thin polymer films were developed to serve as
standards for XRF analysis of the following 18 ele-
ments in aerosol particle samples: Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe,
Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ge, As, Rb, Sr, Zr, Cd, Sb, Ba, and Pb.
Each film contains a pair of elements having non-inter-
fering x-rays, and each set consists of 9 such films.
Element concentrations were replicated to a precision
of about 1%. To determine absolute amounts, the
films were analyzed by 8 laboratories. Accuracies of
concentrations of 15 of the elements ranged from 2 to
9%. Stability for films stored at -18 deg C and +22 deg
C was better than 1% y sub minus 1. (Copyright (c)
1988 by Marcel Dekker, Inc.)
Keywords: *X ray fluorescence, "Standards, "Thin
films, "Aerosols, "Arsenic, "Lead, Polymers, Disper-
sions, Precision, Accuracy, Chemical analysis, Titani-
um, Vanadium, Chromium, Manganese, Iron, Cobalt,
Nickel, Copper, Zinc, Germanium, Rubidium, Stronti-
um, Zirconium, Cadium, Antimony, Barium,
Tables(Data), Reprints.
PB89-120782/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Rate Constant for the Reaction of N02 with
Sulfur(IV) over the pH Range 8.3-13 (Journal Ver-
sion). Journal article,
National Bureau of Standards (NML), Gaithersburg,
MD. Chemical Kinetics Div.
C L. Clifton, N. Alstein, and R. E. Huie. 1988,6p EPA/
600/J-88/166	_ , ,
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v22
n5 p586-589 1988. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmos-
pheric Sciences Research Lab.
Rate constants have been determined for the reac-
tions of N02 with S03(2-) and HS03(1-) in aqueous
solutions. The rate constant increases from about l.2
x 10 to the 7th power /M-sec near pH 5 to 2.9 x 10 to
the 7th power /M-sec at pH 13. The reaction appears
to involve the formation of an intermediate complex
which may undergo subsequent reaction with N02 to
yield the ultimate products or may react with other sub-
strates present. The formation of a long-lived interme-
diate would have implications on the chemicals of flue-
gas scrubbers and on luminol-based N02 detectors.
Keywords: "Nitrogen dioxide, "Sulfates, "Sulfites,
"Reaction kinetics. Aqueous electrolytes, Chemical re-
actions, pH, Flue gases, Air pollution, Physicochemical
properties, "Acid precipitation, Air toxic substances.
PB89-120760/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient* for Evalua-
tion of Hazardous Waste Land Disposal: Selected
Chemicals. Environmental research brief,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
J. J. Ellington, and F. E. Standi. Aug 88,6p EPA/600/
M-88/010
Octanol/water partition coefficients were extracted
from the literature, calculated using a molecular frag-
ment database (CLOGP), or measured in the laborato-
ry for selected chemicals. Agreement between meas-
ured values and calculated values was good for chemi-
cals for which both members of six chemical classes:
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydro-
carbons, phosphate esters, nitrogen mustards, alkyla-
mines, and amines. Measurement of the octanol/
water partition coefficients of two standard reference
chemicals, pyrene and biphenyl were interspersed with
determinations of those of compounds of interest to
serve as quality assurance indicators.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Waste disposal,
Mathematical models, Physicochemical properties,
Solubility, Predictions, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocar-
bons, Chlorohydrocarbons, Esters, Nitrogen mustards,
Amines, "Land disposal, Risk assessment, "Path of
pollutants.
PB89-120786/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Monitoring Program for Radionuclide* In Market-
place Seafoods. Final rept.,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
W. R. Curtis. Jun 88,62p EPA/520/1-88/010
Prepared in cooperation with Food and Drug Adminis-
tration, Rockville, MD.
The report presents the results of a monitoring pro-
gram, conducted in 1981 and 1982, by the Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Food and
Drug Administration (FDA) to measure concentrations
of man-made radionuclides in seafoods to determine
effects from previous U.S. ocean disposals of low-level
radioactive wastes (LLW). Commercially-marketed
seafood samples were collected from Boston, Massa-
chusetts, Atlantic City, New Jersey and San Francisco,
California. Each of these cities is near a previously-
used U.S. ocean disposal site for LLW. The data ob-
tained during this monitoring program shows that the
concentrations of man-made radioactivity in seafoods
sampled are below levels of public health concern.
The data is considered to be of normal background
level, attributable to global fallout over the oceans.
Keywords: "Radioactive wastes, "Seafood, "Waste
disposal, "Monitoring, Public health, Contaminants,
Water pollution, Path of pollutants, Risk assessment,
Radionuclide migration.
PB89-120794/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Study of Deep Ocean Current* Near the 3800 m
Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Site. May
1984-May 1988. Final rept.,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
C. Casagrande, and P. Hamilton. Jun 88,82p EPA/
520/1-88/007, SAIC-87/7503/133
Prepared in cooperation with Science Applications
International Corp., Newport, Rl.
The report presents the results of a two-year study of a
U.S. 3800 m low-level radioactive waste disposal site
near the mouth of the Hudson Canyon. The program
objectives were to describe the currents, including
their source and variability, and deduce from the data
the potential for, and direction of, transport of contami-
nants from the disposal area. The results show that the
currents in the disposal area range in strength from a
few to 62 cm/sec and are principally due to the pres-
ence of low frequency topographic Rossby waves
having periods of approximately two to four weeks.
The currents generally flow towards the southwest, in
line with the general topography of the mid-Atlantic
region. The canyon acts to distort the southwest flow
resulting in currents below the canyon rim which are
aligned with the canyon onshore-offshore axis. The di-
rection of currents along the canyon axis appears to
be determined by the proximity of both the Gulf Stream
and the Western Boundary Undercurrent.
Keywords: "Radioactive wastes, "Contaminants,
"Ocean current, Waste disposal, Industrial wastes, At-
lantic Ocean, Water pollution, Water flow, Sediment
transport, Gulf Stream, Western Boundary Undercur-
rent, Hudson Canyon.
PB89-120810/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Advances In the Use of Biotechnology for Munici-
pal Pollution Control. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH
Water Engineering Research Lab.
A. D. Venosa. 1988,5p EPA/600/D-88/202
Pub. in United Nations Environment Programme Indus-
try and Environment Review, p11-12 Dec 87.
The paper summarizes progress in two of the biotech-
nology projects funded by WERL in recent years. The
first deals with the cloning and DNA sequencing of the
important genes responsible for methane production
in methanogens. The second concerns the successful
development of microbial binding proteins as cycling
column adsorbers for scrubbing pollutants such as
cadmium and phosphate from waste water. Implica-
tions of results of the research in the Water Engineer-
ing Research Laboratory's research objectives are dis-
cussed.
Keywords: "Bioadsorbents, "Water pollution control,
"Methonogenic bacteria, "Scrubbers, "Cadmium!
"Phosphates, DNA cloning, Bacterial genes, Carrier
proteins, Escherichia coli, Metallothionein, Laboratory
animals, Reprints, "Waste water treatment.
PB89-120828/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
EPA's (Environmental Protection Agency's) Incin-
eration of an Industrial Refinery. Lagoon Sludge
Using Infrared Furnace Technology,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
D. A. Oberacker, W. O. Wall, and S. Rosenthal. Nov
88,22p EPA/600/D-88/201
The report briefly presents a case study of a recent
field-scale incineration test supported by the U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency (EPA) as one of over
twenty projects under EPA s Superfund Innovative
Technology Evaluation (SITE) program. The purpose
of these programs is to encourage demonstration of
various innovative techniques for cleaning up polluting
hazardous waste sites in different regions of the coun-
try. Presented here is an executive summary of the
purpose, the technology used, and a summary of the
purpose, the technology used, and a summary of per-
formance results of what will be referred to, hence-
forth, as the Peak Oil SITE Cleanup Project.
Keywords: 'Oil pollution, 'Industrial wastes, 'Inciner-
ators, 'Hazardous materials, Refineries, Furnaces,
Field tests, Regulations, United States, Sludge dispo*
al, 'Peak Oil Site Cleanup Project, Land pollution, US
EPA, Superfund.
PB89-120838	Not available NTIS
Studies of Organic Pollutant Uptake by Plant*.
Summary rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.	'
R. M. Bell, P. R. Sferra, J. R. Ryan, and M. P, Vttello
c1988,9p EPA/600/D-88/200
Prepared in cooperation with Liverpool Univ fErw
land), and Cincinnati Univ., OH.	^
Pub. in Contaminated Soil '88, p451 -4581988.
A brief summary of the literature on plant uptake of or-
ganic chemicals illustrates the potential for utNtzjna
physiochemical parameters to evaluate potential maw
uptake. Further, the need for additional researchon
the subject is clarified. (Copyright (c) 1988 by KlawZr
Academic Publishers.)	'
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Land pollution, "Plant DhvaL.
ology, "Organic compounds, Soils, Plants(BotanwT
Absorption(Biology), Reprints.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB89-120844/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Polnt-of-UM/Polnt-of-Entry Systems for Remov-
ing VOCs (Volatile Organic Compound*) from
Drinking Water,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
B. W. Lykins, and J. H. Baier. Nov 68,43p EPA/600/D-
88/203
Prepared in cooperation with Suffolk County Dept. of
Health Services, Hauppauge, NY.
Where available, centralized treatment is the recom-
mended method for producing potable water. Many
homes, however, can not connect to a centralized
water treatment system leaving them with no other al-
ternative but to treat their own water. POU/POE sys-
tems are effective for removing organic contaminants
from drinking water if operated and maintained proper-
ly. More homeowners with private drinking water
sources are aware of the potential of contamination of
these sources and are willing to have them tested.
This has led to the identification of many organic com-
pounds in these private drinking water sources. As
testing continues, the potential exists for identifying
more private drinking water sources that have been
contaminated by agricultural use, industrial solvents,
leaking gasoline tanks, and hazardous waste sites.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water pollution abate-
ment, 'Houses, Contaminants, Water quality, Water
reclamation, Industrial wastes, Hazardous materials,
Municipalities, 'Volatile organic compounds(VOC).
PB89-120851/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Overview of Incineration Performance,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
C. R. Dempsey, and D. A. Oberacker. Nov 88,24p*
EPA/600/D-88/230
During the early 1980s the EPA Office of Research
and Development conducted field evaluations at eight
hazardous waste incinerators, eleven industrial boil-
ers, and eight industrial furnaces to characterize their
emission and assess the performance of these facili-
ties to destroy hazardous waste. The results of these
studies plus trial burn data submitted by 14 RCRA ap-
plicants are summarized and compared with the 1982
hazardous waste incinerator regulations and the pro-
posed industrial boiler and industrial furnace regula-
tions.
Keywords: 'Incinerators, 'Hazardous materials, 'In-
dustrial wastes, Performance evaluation, Regulations,
Boilers, Furnaces, 'Hazardous waste sites, Cleanup
operations, Land pollution abatement, Air toxic sub-
stances, US EPA.
PB89-120869/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Overview of EPA's (Environmental Protection
Agency's) Program for Retrofit Sorbent injection
Technologies,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park. NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
R. D. Stern. Nov 88, 24p* EPA/600/D-88/232
An overview is given of EPA's research program to de-
velop improved control technologies for emissions of
sulfur dioxide (S02) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from
the combustion of fossil fuels. Analysis indicates that
low capital cost technology for retrofit to existing boil-
ers would provide flexibility in control strategy even at
moderate (e.g., 50%) S02 removal rates. EPA Is eval-
uating the Dmestone Injection Multistage Burner
(UMB), which combines sorbent injection for SOS con-
trol with the use of low-NOx burners. EPA also Is evalu-
ating E-SOx and ADVACATE (ADVAnced SillCATE)
technologies. E-SOx combines advanced electrostatic
precipitator (ESP) technology and spray dryer technol-
ogy to remove particulate matter and S02 in the same
physical equipment; the ADVACATE process uses in-
duct injection of a highly reactive calcium sorbent for
S02 control. The process may be used alone or in
combination with LIMB to enhance performance.
EPA's program for research and development, field
evaluation, and demonstration of LIMB, E-SOx, and
ADVACATE technologies is described.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
'Sulfur dioxide, Sorbents, Fossil fuels, Combustion,
Limestone, Electrostatic precipitators, Air pollution
abatement. Stationary sources. Scrubbers, US EPA.
PB89-120877/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Control of Toxic Emissions from the Thermal
Treatment of Contaminated Soils,
Radian Corp., Sacramento, CA.
L. Edwards, M. Fuchs, H. O. Wall, and S. Rosenthal.
Nov 88,22p EPA/600/D-88/233
Contract EPA-68-03-3255
Prepared in cooperation with Enviresponse, Edison,
NJ. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is in-
vestigating technologies to clean up hazardous waste
sites through the Superfund Innovative Technology
Evaluation (SITE) Program. Two sites having PCBs
and heavy metals were demonstrated using the Shirco
Infrared System, a roasting process. These locations
were at Peak Oil, Brandon Florida and Rose Township,
Michigan. Average values of contaminants in the ma-
terial being thermally treated for decontamination are
given as well as average values of emissions to the air,
wastewater analysis and decontaminated soil analy-
ses.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Incinerators, 'Hazard-
ous materials, Decontamination, Decontamination,
Florida, Michigan, Furnaces, Field tests, Regulations,
Air pollution, Waste water, Waste treatment, Soil anal-
ysis, Biphenyl, Chlorine organic compounds, 'Clean-
up, 'Air toxic substances, Land pollution, US EPA, Poi-
ychlorinated biphenyis, Bipnenyl/chloro, Heavy
metals, Superfund.
PB89-120901/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Adaptation of Aquatic Microbial Communities to
Pollutant Stress. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
T. Barkay, and H. Pritchard. 1988,8p EPA/600/J-88/
189
Pub. in Microbial Sciences, v5 n6p165-1691988.
Adaptation to biodegradation of p-nitrophenol and to
volatilization of Hg2+ are examples of the role the
process plays in removal of environmental pollutants
and in maintaining active microbial communities in im-
pacted ecosystems. A molecular mechanism of adap-
tation to Hg2 + is suggested by the enrichment of mer-
cury resistance (mer) genes in some communities
upon exposure to mercury.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Nitrophenols,
'Mercury(Metal), 'Aquatic microbiology, 'Adaptation,
Btodeterioration, Biotransformation, Bacterial genes,
Vaporizing, Aquatic ecosystems, Fresh water, Estu-
aries, Reprints, Salt marshes, Coastal waters.
PB89-120918	Not available NTIS
Pilot-Plant Evaluation of Porous Blomass Sup-
ports (Journal Version). Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
J. A. Heidman, R. C. Brenner, and H. J. Shah. C1988,
21 p EPA/600/J-88/184
Prepared in cooperation with Smith (J.M.) and Associ-
ates, Cincinnati, OH.
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Engineering, v114 n5
p1077-1096 Oct 88.
Several porous biomass-support systems are currently
available for use in the activated-sludge process. One
of these systems, Captor, utilizes polyurethane foam
pads to provide biofilm growth sites that transform an
aerobic suspended-growth reactor into a fixed-film re-
actor. In a two-year pilot-plant evaluation, three reac-
tors were operated under various loading conditions,
dissolved-oxygen levels, and pad-cleaning frequen-
cies in both series and parallel flow configurations. The
system efficiently converted soluble biochemical
oxygen demand to new biomass, but the majority of
the solids exited in the process effluent rather than via
the pad cleaners. Increased pad cleaning provided
only marginal improvement. Nitrification was evaluated
dunng series operation. Pad durability was good, but
overall system economics were not impressive. There
was no evidence of enhanced oxygen transfer efficien-
cies as previously claimed. (Copyright (c) ASCE 1988.)
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Waste water,
'Water treatment, Performance evaluation, Biochemi-
cal oxygen demand, Cost analysis, Pilot plants, Aero-
bic processes.
PB89-122121/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Technological Approaches to the Cleanup of Ra-
diologically Contaminated Superfund Sites.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Aug 88,130p EPA/540/2-88/002
Also available from Supt. of Docs.
The report identifies technologies that may be useful in
removing or stabilizing radiological contamination at
those uncontrolled hazardous waste (Superfund) sites
that contain radionuclides. The report addresses re-
mediation of contaminated soils; it does not address
remediation of contaminated buildings or ground
water. The report is not intended to provide any legal
or policy basis for the selection or use of technology
for cleanup of a hazardous waste site. Several tech-
nologies have potential for eliminating or stabilizing ra-
dionuclides at radiologically contaminated sites. These
include both on-site and off-site disposal, on-site treat-
ment, radon control, chemical extraction, physical sep-
aration, and combined physical separation and chemi-
cal extraction technologies. Applicability of these tech-
nologies Is controlled by site-specific factors, so their
suitability must be determined on a site-by-site basis.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Hazardous materials,
'Radioactive contaminants, Stabilization, Uranium,
Thorium, Radioactive waste processing. Tailings,
Radon, Vitrificaiton, Extraction, Superfund.
PB89-122139/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Regulatory Impact Analysis of Proposed National
Primary Drinking Water Regulations for Lead and
Copper (Draft). Interim rept.
Miller (Wade) Associates, Inc., Arlington, VA.
1 Jun 88,103p EPA/570/9-88/008
Contract EPA-68-03-3514
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
A report provides a detailed regulatory impact analysis
of the costs and benefits of proposed national primary
drinking water regulations for lead and copper. Topics
cover problem definition; market imperfections, the
need tor federal regulation, and consideration of regu-
latory alternatives; assessments of total costs of regu-
latory compliance; assessments of benefits derived
through regulation; and regulatory flexibility analysis
and paperwork reduction analysis. A tabular summary
of national and state implementation costs, national
benefits, and household costs is included.
Keywords: 'Radioactive waste disposal, 'Low-level
radioactive wastes, 'Marine disposal, Geophysical
surveys, Marine surveys, 'Drinking water, 'Environ-
mental impact assessments.
PB89-122147/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Compendium of Acceptable Uses (Use Index) for
the Reregietratlon of Pesticide Product* Contain-
ing Chlorinated Isocyan urates as the Active In-
redlent.
nvlronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
May 88,213p* EPA/540/UI-88/078
The document contains information regarding the ac-
ceptable uses for pesticide products containing chlor-
inated isocyanurates as the active ingredient. The doc-
ument may include aquatic non-food and indoor uses
(such as household, commercial and industrial), types
of pesticide, formulations, and general warnings and
limitations.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Isocyanates, Chlorine organic
compounds, Utilization, Acceptability, Standards,
Guidelines, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials.
Agricultural products, Formulations, Public health.
Regulations, Manufacturing, Toxicology, 'Reregistra-
tion, 'Toxic substances. Federal Insecticide Fungicide
and Rodenticide Act.
PB89-122162/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Application of Radon Reduction Methods,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
R. B. Mosley, and D. Henschel. Aug 88,108p EPA/
625/5-88/024
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The document is intended to aid homeowners and
contractors in diagnosing and solving indoor radon
problems. It will also be useful to State and Federal
regulatoiy officials and many other persons who pro-
vide advice on the selection, design and operation of
radon reduction methods for houses. Topics include:
Background information; Measuring radon concentra-
tions; Determining the sources of radon; Diagnostic
testing to select a mitigation method; Selecting and
designing a mitigation system; Installing a mitigation
system; Post-installation diagnostics; Post-mitigation
monitoring; Additional radon reduction techniques; and
Sources of information.
Keywords: 'Radon, Radiation hazards, 'Houses, *Air
pollution control, Public health, Ventilation, Sealing,
Pressurizing, Air cleaning systems, 'Indoor air pollu-
tion.
PB69-122550/HSU	PC A03
UN of Geophysical Monitoring Systems and Data
to Identify and Designate Ocean Sites for Dispos-
al of Low-Level Radioactive Wastes. Final rept.,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
J. Neiheisel. Jul 88,16p EPA/520/1-88/012
The report provides information applicable to using
geophysical instruments and survey methods, and the
data collected, in the process of designating sites for
ocean disposal of low level radioactive wastes. The
geophysical ocean survey methods described in the
report are envisioned as preceding any sediment sam-
pling required to characterize disposal sites.
Keywords'. 'Radioactive wastes, 'Waste disposal,
'Geophysical surveys, "Monitoring, Planning, Site sur-
veys, 'Ocean waste disposal, 'Site selection.
PB89-122956/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for De-
cabromodiphenyl Oxide.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Mar 87,69p EPA/600/X-87/135
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for deca-
bromodiphenyi oxide was prepared to support listings
of hazardous constituents of a wide range of waste
streams under Section 3001 of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide
health-related limits for emergency actions under Sec-
tion 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Existing data are insufficient to determine a
Reference Dose (RfD) or a carcinogenic potency
factor for decabromodiphenyi oxide. The Reportable
Quantity (RQ) value for decabromodiphenyi oxide is
1000.
Keywords:
Exposure,
Absorption(Biology)
lism, Standards, Ar
'Toxicity, 'Hazardous materials, Profiles,
Concentration(Composition),
Excretion, Metabo-
Aryl ethers. Bromine organic com-
pounds, Fishes, Humans, Carcinogens, Laboratory
animals, 'Decabromodiphenyi oxide, 'Health effects,
'Environmental effects, CAS 1163-19-5, Environmen-
tal transport, Risk assessment, Benzene/pentabromo-
oxybis, Pharmacokinetics.
PB89-122W4/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
¦ Environmental Effects Profile for
Alpha-Msthylstyrsne.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Mar 87,62p EPA/600/X-87/136
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
alpha-methylstyrene was prepared to support listings
of hazardous constituents of a wide range of waste
streams under Section 3001 of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide
health-related limits for emergency actions under Sec-
tion 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Alpha-methylstyrene has been determined
to be a systemic toxicant. A Reference Dose (RfD), de-
fined as an estimate (with uncertainty spanning per-
haps an order of magnitude) of the daily exposure to
the human population (including sensitive subgroups)
that is likely to be without appreciable risk of deleteri-
ous effect during a lifetime, for alpha-methylstyrene is
0.069 mg/kg/dav for inhalation exposure. The Report-
able Quantity (RQ) value for alpha-methylstyrene is
1000.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Hazardous materials, Profiles,
Exposure,	Concentration(Composition),
Absorption(Biology), Toxicology, Excretion, Metabo-
lism, Standards, Alkene hydrocarbons, Aromatic mon-
ocyclic hydrocarbons, Fishes, Invertebrates, Humans,
Respiration, Laboratory animals, 'Methylstyrenes,
'Health effects, 'Environmental effects, Benzene/
methylethenyl, CAS 98-83-9, Environmental transport,
Risk assessment, Pharmacokinetics.
PB88-122972/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 4-
Chloro-2-Methylanillne and 4-Chloro-2-Methylanl-
line Hydrochloride.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Dec 86, 73p EPA/600/X-87/036
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 4-
chloro-2-methylaniline and 4-chloro-2-methylaniline
hydrochloride was prepared to support listings of haz-
ardous constituents of a wide range of waste streams
under Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide health-related
limits for emergency actions under Section 101 of the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensa-
tion and Liability Act (CERCLA). Both published litera-
ture and information obtained from Agency program
office files were evaluated as they pertained to poten-
tial human health, aquatic life and environmental ef-
fects of hazardous waste constituents. The human
carcinogen potency factors (q1 *) for 4-chloro-2-meth-
ylaniline and 4-chloro-2-metnylaniline hydrochloride
are 0.58 and 0.46/(mg/kg/day), respectively, for oral
exposure. The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value for 4-
chloro-2-methylaniline and 4-chloro-2-methylaniline
hydrochloride is 5000.
Keywords: 'Anilines, 'Toxicity, 'Hazardous materials,
Profiles, Exposure, Concentration(Composition),
Absorption(Biology), Toxicology, Excretion, Metabo-
lism, Standards, Toiuidines, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Humans, Carcinogens, Laboratory animals,
'Chioro-methylanilines, 'Health effects, 'Environmen-
tal effects, 'Benzenamine/chloro-methyl, CAS 3165-
93-3, Risk assessment, Benzenamine/chloro-methyl-
(hydrochloride salt), CAS 95-69-2, Pharmacokinetics.
PB89-123004/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2,4-
Dlmethylanillne and 2,4-Dlmethylaniline Hydro-
chloride.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 87,70p EPA/600/X-87/038
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-4-
Dimethylaniline and 2,4-Dimethylaniline Hydrochloride
was prepared to support listings of hazardous constitu-
ents of a wide range of waste streams under Section
3001 of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA) and to provide health-related limits for emer-
gency actions under Section 101 of the Comprehen-
sive Environmental Response, Compensation and Li-
ability Act (CERCLA). Both published literature and in-
formation obtained from Agency program office files
were evaluated as they pertained to potential human
health, aquatic life and environmental effects of haz-
ardous waste constituents. The human carcinogen po-
tency factors (ql*) for 2-4-Dimethylaniline and 2,4-Di-
methylaniline Hydrochloride are 0.75 and 0.58/(mg/
kg/dav) respectively, for oral exposure. The Report-
able Quantity (RQ) value for 2-4-Dimethylaniline and
2,4-Dimethylaniline Hydrochloride is 1000.
Keywords: 'Anilines, "Toxicity, 'Hazardous materials,
Profiles, Exposure, Concentratton(Composition),
Absorption(Biology), Toxicology, Excretion, Metabo-
lism, Standards, Arylamines, Fishes, Humans, Car-
cinogens, Respiration, Algae, Laboratory animals, *Di-
methylanilines, 'Health effects, 'Environmental ef-
fects, Benzenamine/dimethyl, CAS 95-68-1, Environ-
mental transport, Risk assessment, Benzenamlne/di-
mathyl-(hydrochloride salt), CAS 21436-96-4, Pharma-
cokinetics.
PB89-123012/HSU	PC A04/MF AOI
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-
Methoxy-5-Nltroanlline.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 87,57p EPA/600/X-87/039
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 2-
Methoxy-5-nitroaniline was prepared to support list-
ings of hazardous constituents of a wide range of
waste streams under Section 3001 of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to pro-
vide health-related limits for emergency actions under
Section 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. The human carcinogen potency factor (ql*)
for 2-methoxy-5-nitroaniline Is .0456/(mg/kg/day) for
oral exposure. The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value for
2-methoxy-5-nitroaniline is 1000.
Keywords: 'Anilines, 'Toxicity, 'Hazardous materials,
Profiles, Exposure, Concentration(CompoBttion), Toxi-
cology, Standards, Arylamines, Nitro compounds,
Humans, Carcinogens, Laboratory animals, 'Methoxy-
nitroanilines, 'Health effects, 'Environmental effects,
Benzenamine/methoxy-nitro, CAS 99-59-2, Risk as-
sessment.
PB89-123020/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Indoor Air Pollution Source Database. Journal arti-
cle,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. C. Bare. 1988,5p EPA/600/ J-88/178
Pub. in JAPCA, v38 n5 p670-671 May 88.
The paper, directed to individual interested in indoor
air pollution, is an introduction, and directions for the
use of, the EPA indoor air pollution source database
(also known as the indoor air source emissions data-
base). The database is a computerized system con-
taining source characterization studies done in the
U.S. and abroad. It addresses the entire range of
indoor air sources. It provides ready access to such in-
formation as: emission factors determined for each of
the pollutants and sources tested, data about the test
facility, conditions of the experiment, sampling and an-
alytical data, and an abstract of each publication. The
program also includes options for researchers carrying
out their own source characterization studies. The da-
tabase is currently available in a dBase III version or a
Clipper compiled version.
Keywords: 'Data tapes, 'Surveys, 'Statistical data,
'Computer systems programs, National government,
Residences, Sampling, Air pollution abatement,
'Indoor air pollution, US EPA.
PB89-123038/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for N,N>
Dlmethylanillne.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Nov 86,64p EPA/600/X-87/052
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for N.N-
Dimethylaniline was prepared to support listings of
hazardous constituents of a wide range of waste
streams under Section 3001 of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide
health-related limits for emergency actions under Sec-
tion 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic Hfe
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. A Reference Dose (RfD), defined as an esti-
mate (with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of
magnitude) of the daily exposure to the human popula-
tion (including sensitive subgroups) that Is likely to be
without appreciable risk of deleterious effect during a
lifetime, for N,N-dimethylaniline Is 0.002 mg/kg/dav
for oral exposure. The Reportable Quantity (RQYvahn
for N.N-dlmethyianiiine is 100.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Anilines, 'Toxicity, 'Hazardous materials,
Profiles, Exposure, Concentration(Composition),
Absorption(Biology), Toxicology, Excretion, Metabo-
lism, Standards, Arylamines, Algae, Fishes, Verte-
brates, Humans, Carcinogens, Respiration, Laboratory
animals, 'Dimethylanilines, "Health effects, 'Environ-
mental effects, Benzenamine/dimethyl, CAS 121-69-
7, Environmental transport, Risk assessment, Pharma-
cokinetics.
PB89-123046/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effect* Profile for
Methyl Isocyanate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Dec 86,65p EPA/600/X-87/053
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Methyl Isocyanate was prepared to support listings of
hazardous constituents of a wide range of waste
streams under Section 3001 of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (CERCLA). Both published lit-
erature and information obtained from Agency pro-
gram office files were evaluated as they pertained to
potential human health, aquatic life and environmental
effects of hazardous waste constituents. Existing data
are insufficient to determine a Reference Dose (RfD)
or a carcinogenic potency factor for methyl isocyanate.
Existing data are insufficient to determine an RQ value.
Keywords: "Isocyanates, 'Toxicity, 'Hazardous mate-
rials. Profiles, Exposure, Concentration(Composition),
Absorption(Biology), Toxicology. Excretion, Metabo-
lism, Standards, Humans, Respiration, Laboratory ani-
mals, 'Methyl isocyanate, 'Health effects, 'Environ-
mental effects, Methane/isocyanato, CAS 624-83-9,
Environmental transport, Risk assessment, Pharmaco-
kinetics.
PB89-123152/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Metal Interactions at Sulfide Mineral Surfaces.
Part 2. Adsorption and Desorption of Lanthanum,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Y Un, G. W. Bailey, and A. T. Lynch. Oct 88,4Sp EPA/
600/D-88/220
Prepared in cooperation with Academia Sinica. Beijing
(China), and Technology Applications, Inc., Athens,
GA.
Batch-type adsorption experiments with four sulfide
minerals (chalcocite, galena, pyrite, and sphalerite)
were used to investigate the adsorption ana desorp-
tion behavior of lanthanum (III) in the presence of ethy-
lenediamlnetetraacetic acid (EDTA), a model humic
substance. Linear adsorption was found in all cases.
The presence of EDTA caused a S- to 10-fold increase
of La(lll) adsorbed and also changed the order of ad-
sorption of the four minerals. The presence of a solu-
ble organic complexing ligand like EDTA should
reduce the mobility of La(lil) in porous media and its
transport to groundwater In the percolating soil solu-
tion. Binding mechanisms are proposed to account for
this preferential adsorption behavior.
Keywords: 'Mining, 'Tailings, 'Lanthanum, 'Sulfide
minerals, Soil chemistry, Water pollution, Groundwat-
er, Adsorption, Desorption, EDTA, Model tests, 'Path
of pollutants.
PBSS-123376/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Iso-
butanol.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
May 86,70p EPA/600/X-86/149
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Iso-
butanol was prepared to support listings of hazardous
constituents of a wide range of waste streams under
Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act (RCRA) and to provide health-related limits
for emergency actions under Section 101 of the Com-
onhenslve Environmental Response, Compensation
and Liability Act (CERCLA). Both published literature
and information obtained from Agency program office
Mm were evaluated as they pertained to potential
human health, aquatic life and environmental effects
of hazardous waste constituents. Isobutanol has been
determined to be a systemic toxicant An Acceptable
Daily Intake (ADI), denned as the amount of a chemical
to which humans can be exposed on a daily basisover
an extended period of time (usually a lifetime) without
suffering a deleterious effect, for isobutanol Is 0.3 mg/
kg/day for oral exposure. The Reportable Quantity
(RQ) value for isobutanol is 1000.
Keywords: 'Butanols, 'Toxicity, 'Hazardous materials,
Profiles, Exposure, Concentration(Composition),
Absorption(Biology), Toxicology, Excretion, Metabo-
lism, Laboratory animals, Acyclic alcohols, Fishes, In-
vertebrates, Vertebrates, Humans, Carcinogens, Res-
piration, Standards, 'isobutanol, 'Health effects, 'En-
vironmental effects, Propanol/methyl, CAS 78-83-1,
Environmental transport, Risk assessment, Pharmaco-
kinetics.
PB89-123384/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Pyri-
dine.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 86,90p EPA/600/X-86/168
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Pyri-
dine was prepared to support listings of hazardous
constituents of a wide range of waste streams under
Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act (RCRA) and to provide health-related limits
for emergency actions under Section 101 of the Com-
prehensive Environmental Response, Compensation
and Liability Act (CERCLA). Both published literature
and information obtained from Agency program office
files were evaluated as they pertained to potential
human health, aquatic life and environmental effects
of hazardous waste constituents. Pyridine has been
determined to be a systemic toxicant. An Acceptable
Daily Intake (ADI), defined as the amount of a chemical
to which humans can be exposed on a daily basis over
an extended period of time (usually a lifetime) without
suffering a deleterious effect, for pyridine is 0.002 mg/
kg/day for inhalation exposure. The Reportable Quan-
tify (RQ) value for pyridine is 100.
Keywords: 'Pyridines, 'Toxicity, 'Hazardous materi-
als, Profiles, Exposure, Concentration(Composition),
Absorption(Bioiogy), Toxicology, Excretion, Metabo-
lism, Laboratory animals, Fishes, Invertebrates, Verte-
brates, Humans, Respiration, Standards, 'Health ef-
fects, 'Environmental effects, CAS 110-86-1, Environ-
mental transport, Risk assessment, Pharmacokinetics.
PB89-123392/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Par-
aldehyde.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 86,44p EPA/600/X-86/169
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Par-
aldehyde was prepared to support listings of hazard-
ous constituents of a wide range of waste streams
under Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide health-related
limits for emergency actions under Section 101 of the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensa-
tion and Liability Act (CERCLA). Both published litera-
ture and information obtained from Agency program
office files were evaluated as they pertained to poten-
tial human health, aquatic life and environmental ef-
fects of hazardous waste constituents. Existing data
are insufficient to determine a Reference Dose (RfD)
or a carcinogenic potency factor for paraldehyde. The
Reportable Quantity (RQ) value for paraldehyde is
1000.
Keywords: "Paraldehyde, "Toxicity, "Hazardous mate-
rials, Profiles, Concentration(Composition),
Absotption(Blology), Toxicology, Excretion, Metabo-
lism, Laboratory animals, Aldehyde polymers, Verte-
brates, Humans, Standards, "Health effects, "Environ-
mental effects, CAS 126-63-7, Risk assessment, Phar-
macokinetics.
PB89-123400/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effect* Profile for 1,4-
Naphthoqulnone.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 86,44p EPA/600/X-86/257
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for 1,4-
Naphthoquinone was prepared to support listings of
hazardous constituents of a wide range of waste
streams under Section 3001 of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide
health-related limits for emergency actions under Sec-
tion 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Existing data are insufficient to determine a
Reference Dose (RfD) or a carcinogenic potency
factor for 1,4-naphthoouinone. Existing data are insuf-
ficient to determine an RQ value.
Keywords: 'Naphthoquinones, 'Toxicity, 'Hazardous
materials,	Profiles,	Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Toxicology, Metabolism,
Laboratory animals, Algae, Aromatic ketones. Fishes,
Vertebrates, Humans, Standards, 'Health effects,
'Environmental effects, CAS 130-15-4, Environmental
transport, Risk assessment, Pharmacokinetics.
PB89-123418/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Pen-
tachloronitrobenzene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Sep 86,121 p EPA/600/X-86/267
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Pen-
tachloronitrobenzene was prepared to support listings
of hazardous constituents of a wide range of waste
streams under Section 3001 of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide
health-related limits for emergency actions under Sec-
tion 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Pentachloronitrobenzene has been evaluat-
ed as a carcinogen. The human carcinogen potency
factor (q1') for pentachloronitrobenzene is 0.262 (mg/
kg/day) for oral exposure. The Reportable Quantity
(RQ) value for pentachloronitrobenzene is 1000.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Hazardous materials, Profiles,
Exposure,	Concentration(Composition),
Absorption(Biology), Toxicology, Excretion, Metabo-
lism, Nitro compounds. Laboratory animals, Chlorine
organic compounds, Fishes, Invertebrates, Verte-
brates, Humans, Carcinogens, Standards, "Pentach-
loronitrobenzene, 'Health effects, 'Environmental ef-
fects, Benzene/nitro-pentachloro, CAS 82-68-8, Envi-
ronmental transport, Risk assessment, Pharmacokine-
tics.
PB86-123426/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effect* Profile for
Direct Blue 6.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 87,71 p EPA/600/X-87/063
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Direct Blue 6 was prepared to support listings of haz-
ardous constituents of a wide range of waste streams
under Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide health-related
limits for emergency actions under Section 101 of the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensa-
tion and Liability Act (CERCLA). Both published litera-
ture and information obtained from Agency program
office files were evaluated as they pertained to poten-
tial human health, aquatic life and environmental ef-
fects of hazardous waste constituents. Direct Blue 6
has been evaluated as a carcinogen. The human car-
cinogen potency factor (q1*) for Direct Blue 6 is 8.1
(mg/kg/day) for oral exposure. The Reportable Quan-
tity (RQ) value for Direct Blue 6 is 100.
Keywords: "Azo dyes, "Toxicity, "Hazardous materi-
als, Profiles, Exposure, Concentratk>n(Composltk>n),
Toxicology, Excretion, Metabolism, Laboratory ani-
mals, Fishes, Vertebrates, Humans, Carcinogens,
Respiration, Standards, "Direct blue 6, "Health ef-
fects, "Environmental effects, CAS 2602-46-2, Envi-
ronmental transport, Risk assessment, Napthaiene
disulfonlc acid. Pharmacokinetics.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB89-123434/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Direct Sky Blue 6B.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
May 87,49p EPA/600/X-87/170
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Direct Sky Blue 6B was prepared to support listings of
hazardous constituents of a wide range of waste
streams under Section 3001 of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide
health-related limits for emergency actions under Sec-
tion 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Both published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Existing data are insufficient to determine a
Reference Dose (RfD) or a carcinogenic potency
factor for Direct Sky Blue 6B. Existing data are insuffi-
cient to determine an RQ value.
Keywords: *Azo dyes, 'Toxicity, 'Hazardous materi-
als, Profiles, Exposure, Concentration(Composition),
Absorption(Biology), Toxicology, Excretion, Metabo-
lism, Laboratory animals, Fishes, Vertebrates,
Humans, Carcinogens, Standards, 'Health effects,
'Environmental effects, Direct sky blue 6B, Naphtha-
lene disulfonic acid, CAS 2610-05-1. Environmental
transport, Risk assessment, Pharmacokinetics.
PB89-123459/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Ni-
trotoluenes (o-, m-, p-).
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
May 86,92p EPA/600/X-86/143
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Nitro-
toluenes (o-, m-, p-) was prepared to support listings of
hazardous constituents of a wide range of waste
streams under Section 3001 of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide
neaitn-relatea limits for emergency actions under Sec-
tion 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
boot published literature and information obtained
from Agency program office files were evaluated as
they pertained to potential human health, aquatic life
and environmental effects of hazardous waste con-
stituents. Nitrotoluenes has been determined to be a
systemic toxicant. An Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI),
defined as the amount of a chemical to which humans
can be exposed on a daily basis over an extended
period of time (usually a lifetime) without suffering a
deleterious effect, for nitrotoluenes is 0.0143 mg/kg/
day for oral exposure. The Reportable Quantity (RQ)
value for nitrotoluenes is 1000.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Hazardous materials, Profiles,
Exposure,	Concentration(Composition),
Absorption(Biology), Toxicology, Excretion, Metabo-
lism, Laboratory animals, Algae, Nttro compounds,
Fishes, Invertebrates. Vertebrates, Humans, Carcino-
gens, Respiration, Standards, 'Nitrotoluenes, 'Health
effects, 'Environmental effects, Benzene/methyl-
nitro, CAS 88-72-2, Environmental transport, Risk as-
sessment, CAS 99-08-1, CAS 99-99-0, Pharmacokine-
tics.
PB8S-124077/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision F,
Hazard Evaluation: Human and Domestic Animals.
Series 81-3 and 82-4. Acute and Subchronlc Inha-
lation Toxicity Testing. Addendum 6 on Data Re-
porting,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
S. B. Gross. Oct 88,38p EPA/540/09-89/007
See also PB83-153916 and PB89-124085.
The Data Reporting Guideline (DRG) for Acute and
Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity Testing. Series 81-3
and 82-4 gives guidance to pesticide registrants on
the format of their study report so that the Agency can
review it efficiently. The guidance clarifies setfions in
the existing Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivi-
sion F on data reporting. It provides an outline for the
study report which data submitters can use in prepar-
ina their reports for submission to EPA to meet 40 CFR
158 data requirements for the registration ofpesti-
cides. The DRG for Series 81-3 and 82-4, Acute and
Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity Testing, is only one of a
number of DRGs published by the National Technical
Information Service as an addendum to Subdivision F
of the Pesticide Assessment Guidelines.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Guidelines, 'Toxicology,
Humans, Animals, Assessments, Toxicity, Respiration,
Regulators, Exposure, 'Federal Insecticide Fungicide
and Rodenticide Act, Bioaccumulation, Risk assess-
ment.
PB89-124085/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision F,
Hazard Evaluation: Human and Domestic Animals.
Series 85-1, General Metabolism. Addendum 7 on
Data Reporting,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
G. Z. Ghali, and R. Engler. Oct 88,20p EPA/540/09-
89/008
See also PB89-124077.
The Data Reporting Guideline (DEG) for General Me-
tabolism, Senes 85-1, gives guidance to pesticide reg-
istrants on the format of their study report so that the
Agency can review if efficiently. The guidance clarifies
sections in the existing Pesticide Assessment Guide-
lines, Subdivision F, on data reporting. It provides an
outline for the study report which data submitters can
use in preparing their reports for submission to EPA to
meet 40 CFR 158 data requirements for the registra-
tion of pesticides. The DRG for Series 85-1, General
Metabolism, is only one of a number of DRGs pub-
lished by the National Technical Information Service
as an addendum to Subdivision F of the Pesticide As-
sessment Guidelines.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Guidelines, "Toxicology,
Humans, Animals, Assessments, Toxicity, Metabolism,
'Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act,
Bioaccumulation, Risk assessment.
PB89-124333/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Evaluation of Volumetric Leak Detection Methods
for Underground Fuel Storage Tanks. Volume 1.
Final rept. Sep 86-Jul 87,
Vista Research, Inc., Mountain View, CA.
R. D. Roach, J. W. Starr, and J. W. Maresca. Nov 88,
337p EPA/600/2-88/068A
Contract EPA-68-03-3409
See also Volume 2, PB89-124341. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Re-
duction Engineering Lab.
The report summarizes the results of a research pro-
gram to evaluate the current performance of 25 com-
mercially available volumetric test methods for the de-
tection of small leaks in underground gasoline storage
tanks. The leak rate measurable by these systems
ranged from 0.26 to 6.97 L/h (0.07 to 1.84 gal/h), with
a probability of detection of 95% and probability of
false alarm of 5%. Only one of the methods achieved a
performance better than 0.56 L/h, but five methods
achieved a performance between 0.56 L/h and 0.95
L/h. The measured performance was considerably
poorer than the often claimed 0.19 L/h (0.05 gal/h).
The report can be of value in estimating the impact of
system improvements, but any new claims of improved
performance, to be completely credible must be sup-
ported, in most cases, by additional experimental and
analytic evidence.
Keywords: 'Fuel storage, 'Underground storage,
'Leakage, 'Tests, 'Gasoline, Regulations, Water pol-
lution, Ground water, Performance evaluation, Public
health, Risk assessment, US EPA.
PB89-124341/HSU	PC AB9/MF EM
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Evaluation of Volumetric Leak Detection Methods
for Underground Fuel Storage Tanks. Volumt 2.
Technical Appendices. Final rept Sep 86-Jul 87,
Vista Research, Inc., Mountain View, CA.
R. D. Roach, J. W. Starr, and J. W. Maresca. Nov 88,
977p EPA/600/2-88/068B
Contract EPA-68-03-3409
See also Volume 1, PB89-124333. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Re-
duction Engineering Lab.
The report summarizes the results of a research pro-
gram to evaluate the current performance of 25 com-
mercially available volumetric test methods for the de-
tection of small leaks in underground gasoline storage
tanks. The leak rate measurable by these systems
ranged from 0.26 to 6.97 L/h (0.07 to 1.84 gal/h), with
a probability of detection of 95% and probability of
false alarm of 5%. Only one of the methods achieved a
performance better than 0.56 L/h, but five methods
achieved a performance between 0.56 L/h and 0.95
L/h. The measured performance was considerably
poorer than the often claimed 0.19 L/h (0.05 gal/h).
The report can be of value in estimating the impact of
system improvements, but any new claims of improved
performance, to be completely credible must be sup-
ported, in most cases, by additional experimental and
analytic evidence.
Keywords: 'Fuel storage, 'Underground storage
'Leakage, 'Tests, 'Gasoline, Regulations, Water pol-
lution, Ground water, Performance evaluation, Public
health, Risk assessment, US EPA.
PB89-124358/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Kinetic Modeling of NOx Formation and Destruc-
tion and Combustibles Burnout Final rept Oct 85-
Aug 88,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
J. A. Cole, J. C. Kramlich, and W. S. Lanier. Oct 88
453p* EPA/600/7-88/021
Contract EPA-68-02-4247
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineisrina
Research Lab.
The report describes a model of the gas-phase chem-
istry involved in the combustion of simple hydrocarbon
fuels and the interconvereion of fixed nitrogen species.
One focus of the work was on modeling the chemistry
involved in rebuming and other advanced NOx control
strategies. A second focus was on the decay rate of
various hydrocarbon species under high-temperature
conditions. This provided an initial step toward the
chemistry needed to model fuel burnout in small com-
bustors; e.g., wood stoves. The approach was to com-
pare rates for elementary reactions as represented in
the different compilations available in the literature
Where Inconsistencies appeared, the original literature
on the rates was consulted. The mechanism was
tested against benchmark data so that the key reac-
tions that controlled any inconsistencies could be Iden-
tified. Adjustments to the rates were allowed if they fell
within the error bounds of the original determination.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Reaction kinetics,
'Mathematical models, 'Air pollution control, Hydr?
carbons, Burnout, Combustion products, Combustion
Graphs(Charts), 'Chemical reaction mechanisms, Re^
burning. State of the art.
PB89-124366/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Status of U.S. EPA's (Environmental Protection
Agency's) Sludge Incinerator Regulations,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
E. P. Crumpler, A. B. Rubin, and H. E. Bostian. Nov &&
8p EPA/600/D-88/231	^
The report describes a potential regulatory approach
that the U.S. EPA could use for controlling sawaoe
sludge incinerators. The approach utilizes a most ex
posed individual risk assessment to ensure that sludge
incineration air emissions will not cause an unaccept-
able health risk. An incinerator facility can demonstrate
compliance using a three-tiered system which pro-
ceeds from a simple worst case calculation to a mora
resource intensive site-specific demonstration. A kev
part of the tiering system is development of an accu-
rate and reliable emissions data base for U.S. sludge
incinerators which can be used to develop reasonable
worst case emission control factors. The resuftsof
testing to date are discussed in the paper.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Incinerators, 'Reaule-
tions, Sewage treatment, Municipalities, Combustion
products, Public health. Waste disposal, 'Air toxic sub.
stances, Risk assessment, US EPA.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB89-124374/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Investigation of Analyzer Problem* In the Meas-
urement of NOx from Methanol Vehicles. Final
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
P. A. Gabele. Nov 88,22p EPA/600/3-88/040
The study investigated the extent and source of irregu-
larities related to the measurement of NOx emissions
from methanol cars. Corrective measures also were
explored. It was observed that NOx chemiluminescent
analyzers respond to methanol and formaldehyde
after being exposed to high concentrations of metha-
nol and formaldehyde over extended periods. This re-
sponse can cause significant errors in the measure-
ment of NOx from methanol cars which have inherent-
ly elevated concentrations of exhaust methanol and
formaldehyde. The most effective way of eliminating
the spurious response is to clean the analyzer's reac-
tion chamber regularly when testing vehicles which are
being operated on methanol fuels.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Motor vehicle en-
gines, 'Methylalcohol, 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Exhaust
gases, 'Chemical analysis, 'Automotive fuels, Formal-
dehyde, Combustion products, Analyzers, Errors, Ac-
curacy, Monitoring.
PB89-124408/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Rocky Mountain Acid Deposition Model Assess-
ment: Add Rain Mountain Mesoseals Model
(ARM3). Final rept.,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
R. E. Morris, R. C. Kessler, S. G. Douglas, K. R. Styles,
and G. E. Moore. Nov 88,318p EPA/600/3-88/042
Contract EPA-68-02-4187
See also PB87-180584. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Sciences Research Lab.
The Acid Rain Mountain Mesoscale Model (ARM3) is a
mesoscale acid deposition/air quality model that was
developed for calculating incremental acid deposition
(sulfur and nitrogen species) and pollutant concentra-
tion impacts in complex terrain. The model was set up
for operation within the Rocky Mountain region. The
model contains many simplications that were neces-
sary to meet operational requirements. New research
studies to provide information on mesoscale flow over
complex terrain and atmospheric chemistry in the
western region would be necessary to help resolve
questions concerning the validity of the model simplifi-
cations. The ARM3 consists of six components. Of
them, the mesoscale meteorological model contains a
new diagnostic wind model that accounts for the kine-
matic, deflection, and thermal effects that alter the
flow fields due to complex terrain. The Lagrangian acid
deposition/air quality model has the following at-
tributes: two options for calculating plume height
above wound; three options for determining dispersion
rates, including one that accounts for terrain rough-
ness; a dry deposition algorithm based on the resist-
ance approach; a wet deposition algorithm based on
the scavenging approach; and two options ror calculat-
ing chemical transformation.
Keywords: 'Meteorology, 'Atmospheric models, 'Air
pollution, Terrain, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur, Contami-
nants, Atmospheric composition, 'Acid rain, 'Rocky
Mountain region(United States), 'Environmental trans-
port, Complex terrain, Air qualify.
MM-124416/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Incineration of a Chemically Contaminated Syn-
thetic Soil Matrix (SSM) Using a Pilot-Scale Rotary
KRn System,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
M. P. Esposito, M. L. Taylor, C. L. Bruffey, and R. C.
Thurnau. Nov 88,31 p EPA/600/D-88/240
Contract EPA-68-03-3389
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
The paper details part of the Initial work conducted
from June to November 1987 under Phase I of EPA's
superfund research program. In this segment of the
Diagram, a surrogate Superfund soli bearing a wide
range of chemical contaminants typically occurring at
Superfund sites was subjected to treatment by rotary
kiln incineration. A series of 6 test burns were conduct-
ed, a complete set of process and emissions samples
were collected and analyzed, and the results are re-
ported herein.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
'Incinerators, 'Kilns, Chemical reactors, Pilot plants,
Chemical analysis, Combustion products, 'Land dis-
posal, Land pollution abatement, Air toxic substances,
Superfund program.
PB89-124424/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Nutrient Diffusion and Kinetic Limitations In Blo-
films,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
D. K. Gattie, and D. L. Lewis. Nov 88,15p EPA/600/D-
88/238
Prepared in cooperation with Georgia Univ., Athens.
Substrate removal rates of biofiims, which occur at
sediment-water interfaces and on other submerged
aquatic surfaces, depend on whether the rates are
predominantly limited by diffusion rates of the sub-
strate to and into the biofiims or by the kinetics of
microorganisms that remove the substrate from solu-
tion. A reasonable understanding of the interrelation-
ship of these processes requires a knowledge of how
diffusion limitation affects species diversity and, there-
fore, the ultimate kinetic limitations of biofiims to trans-
form a substrate. Mathematical models designed to
predict substrate removal rates under field conditions
must incorporate a capability to predict whether diffu-
sion or microbial kinetics will dominate substrate re-
moval rates for a particular substrate under a particular
set of environmental conditions. A possible solution to
this modeling problem Involves the use of subroutines
to estimate diffusion rates to compare with microbial
transformation rates based on laboratory-determined
rate coefficients for kinetically limited substrate remov-
al rates of blended blofilm samples.
Keywords: 'Diffusion, 'Aquatic microbiology, 'Water
pollution, Sediments, Mathematical models, Reaction
kinetics, Films, 'Biotransformation.
PB89-124432/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Model for Deep Catalytic Oxidation of Hydrocar-
bon Mixtures In the Strong Pore Diffusion Region.
Rept. for Jun 85-Apr 87,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
S. K. Garigwal, and T.N. Rogers. 1988,14p EPA/600/
D-88/237
Pub. in Catalysis 1987, v38 p671-681 1988. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Re-
search Lab.
The paper describes a model for deep catalytic oxida-
tion of hydrocarbon mixtures In the strong pore diffu-
sion region, A laboratory-scale tubular catalytic reac-
tor, used for low-temperature (160-360 C) deep cata-
lytic oxidation of n-hexane and benzene as single com-
ponents and in a binary mixture, was modeled both
with and without internal (pore) diffusion effects. Ex-
perimental conversion data for a 0,1% Pt, 3% Nl/
gamma-A1203 catalyst, using 120 x170 mesh parti-
cles, were compared to model predictions. Both
models provided similar predictions of the single com-
ponent results indicating the absence of pore diffusion
effects In the 120 x 170 mesh particles. Benzene oxi-
dation in the binary mixture was somewhat overpre-
dlcted throughout the temperature range, indicating
the need for a more rigorous kinetic mechanism.
Single component n-hexane oxidation was oveipre-
dicted above 260 C, presumably due to external affu-
sion effects In the laboratory reactor.
Keywords: 'Catalysis, 'Oxidizing atmospheres, 'Math-
ematical models, Chemical reactions, Aliphatic hydro-
carbons, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Benzene, Hexanes,
Kinetics, Incinerators, Waste treatment, Hazardous
materials, Reprints.
PM9-124440/HSU	PCA03/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Fan Door Testing on Crawl Space Buildings. RepL
for Aug 87-Jun 88,
Southern Research Inst, Birmingham, AL
T. Brennan, B. Pyle, and M. Osborne. Nov 88,12p
EPA/600/D-88/236
Grant EPA-R-814621
Prepared in cooperation with Camroden Associates,
Rome, NY. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses: (1) fan door testing of crawl
spaces in nine buildings in Tennessee, and (2) using
two fan doors to estimate the leakage area of the floor
between the crawl space and the living space. The
testing gives some insight into the tightness of crawl-
spaces and the leakage area through the floor be-
tween them. It has been observed that: (1) even with
vents closed, the crawl spaces tested are leakier than
the houses they support; (2) the leakage area between
crawl spaces and living spaces is a large fraction of the
overall building leakage; and (3) HVAC ductwork in-
creases the leakage area between the two spaces dra-
matically (four of the nine test houses had ductwork).
Currently, these crawl spaces are being modified to
reduce indoor radon concentrations by sealing the
crawl space as tightly as possible, and by sealing only
the floor between the crawl space and the living space.
Keywords: 'Ventilation, 'Radon, 'Houses, *Air pollu-
tion control equipment, 'Tennessee, Carcinogens,
Public health, Design standards, Radioactive materi-
als, Radiation hazards, 'Air toxic substances.
PB89-124457/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Stationary Source Characterization and Control
Strategies for Reactive Volatile Organic Com-
pounds,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
G. B. Martin. Nov 88,9p EPA/600/D-88/235
The paper provides a brief overview of the sources of
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and of the control
technologies which may be used to control these
emissions. VOCs are emitted to the atmosphere from
a variety of processes. These compounds may react in
the lower atmosphere as part of the process leading to
ozone generation and/or may be classified as hazard-
ous air pollutants (HAPs) which have direct health im-
pacts.
Keywords: *Air pollution abatement, 'Air pollution con-
trol equipment, Reviews, Toxicity, Chemical analysis,
Public health, Hazardous materials, 'Volatile organic
compounds(VOCs), 'Stationary sources.
PB89-124465/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Total Organic Halide Measurements,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
R. C. Dressman, and A. A. Stevens. Nov 88,21 p EPA/
600/D-88/234
Currently, the most popular method of analyzing total
dissolved halide in water involves carbon adsorption,
oxidative combustion, and measurement of the hydro-
gen halide by microcoulometry. Total dissolved organ-
ic halide can be used as an indicator of water quality,
providing a direct measure of disinfection by-product
formation and, in some circumstances, a surrogate
measure of individual organic pollutants. An important
application of organic halide measurements is in unit
process design, control, and monitoring. Each poten-
tial application, however, must be carefully assessed
to determine the usefulness of organic halide meas-
urements.
Keywords: 'Halohydrocarbons, 'Water pollution, 'Po-
table water, 'Chemical analysis, Water treatment,
Sampling, Water quality, Public health, 'Drinking
water.
PB89-124473/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Pen-
tachlorophenol.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jun 86,165p EPA/600/X-86/170
See also PB86-134541.
The report was prepared to support listings of hazard-
ous constituents of a wide range of waste streams
under Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide health-related
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
limits for emergency actions under Section 101 of the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensa-
tion and Liability Act (CERCLA). Both published litera-
ture and information obtained from Agency program
office files were evaluated as they pertained to poten-
tial human health, aquatic life and environmental ef-
fects of hazardous waste constituents. Quantitative
estimates have been presented provided sufficient
data are available. Pentachlorophenol has been deter-
mined to be a systemic toxicant. An Acceptable Daily
Intake (ADI), defined as the amount of a chemical to
which humans can be exposed on a daily basis over an
extended period of time (usually a lifetime) without suf-
fering a deleterious effect, for pentachlorophenol is
0.03 mg/kg/day for oral exposure. The Reportable
Quantity (RQ) value of 1, 10, 100, 1000 or 5000
pounds is used to determine the quantity of a hazard-
ous substance for which notification is required in the
event of a release as specified by CERCLA based on
chronic toxicity. The RQ value for pentachlorophenol
is 100.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial hygiene,
'Toxicology, 'Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Aquatic animals,
'Occupational safety and health, 'Toxic substances,
'Environmental health, 'Phenol/Pentachloro, Envi-
ronmental fate, Environmental transport, Pharmaco-
kinetics, Path of pollutants, Risk assessment.
PB89-124572/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division, Standard Evaluation
Procedure: Eye Irritation Studies,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
V. M. Seabaugh, and k J. Vocci. Aug 86,36p EPA/
540/09-88/105
See also PB83-153916.
The Standard Evaluation Procedure for Eye Irritation
Studies states the purpose and requirements, and the
test Is further defined in the Pesticide Assessment
Guidelines (Subdivision F, Hazard Evaluation: Human
and Domestic Animals, (1982, revised 1984)). Back-
ground information is given on the development of the
test, animal models, scoring system, labeling, and fac-
tors affecting the results. There are discussions on ob-
jective and alternative technologies, evaluation based
on weight-of-evidence, epidemiological data, and low
dose and dose response studies. A tier system is pre-
sented incorporating present methods and possible
future alternatives. Data Reporting Guidelines (Subdi-
vision F, Series 81-4, Eye Irritation) are available (Na-
tional Technical Information Service (NTIS), accession
no. PB88-161179; EPA document no. 540/09-88-023).
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Guidelines, Humans, Ani-
mals, Assessments, Evaluation, Toxicity, 'Environ-
mental health, 'Eye irritants, Standard Evaluation Pro-
cedure, Risk assessment.
PB89-124580/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Hazard Evaluation Division, Standard Evaluation
Procedure: Guidance Document for Conducting
Terrestrial Field Studies,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
E. C. Fite, L. W. Turner, N. J. Cook, and C. Stunkard.
Sep 88,66p EPA/540/09-88/109
See also PB83-153908.
The document is a technical paper intended to provide
guidance on how to design and perform terrestrial field
studies relative to data requirements under the Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act as amend-
ed (FIFRA, P.L. 92-516). The paper discusses when
the Agency requires these tests, their objective and
suggests a general approach and some experimental
designs which could be used to address Agency's con-
cerns. A variety of basic wildlife investigative methods
which have been found useful in these type of studies
are briefly reviewed along with adequate references to
assist scientists planning to undertake a study to sup-
port a Federal Pesticide Registration.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Guidelines, 'Wildlife, Verte-
brates, Birds, Mammals, Toxicity, Tests, 'Federal In-
secticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, Terrestrial
organisms, Standard Evaluation Procedure, Risk as-
sessment.
1206 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB89-124598/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision O,
Residue Chemistry. Series I71-4(a)(3). Metabolism
(Qualitative Nature of the Residue): Food Animals.
Addendum 7 on Data Reporting,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, GA.
Office of Pesticides Programs.
K. H. Arne. Oct 88,14p EPA/540/09-89/009
See also PB83-153981.
The Data Reporting Guideline (DRG) for Metabolism
(Qualitative Nature of the Residue): Food Animals,
Series 171-4(a)(3), gives guidance to pesticide regis-
trants on the format of their study report so that the
Agency can review it efficiently. The guidance clarifies
sections in the existing Pesticides Assessment Guide-
lines, Subdivision O, on data reporting. It provides an
outline for the study report and describes the topics
which should be addressed such as dosing of radiola-
beled materials, housing and health of animals,
sample collection, characterization of the radioactivity,
etc., and provides guidance on the presentation of the
results of the study. Data submitters can use the DRG
in preparing their reports for submission to EPA to
meet 40 CFR 158 requirements for the registration of
pesticides.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Guidelines, Assessments,
Metabolism, Residues, Foods, Laboratory animals,
Radioactivity, 'Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act,
'Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act,
Pesticide residues.
PB89-124606/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision 0,
Residue Chemistry. Series 171-4(c)(3). Residues
in Meat, Milk, Poultry and Eggs: Livestock Feeding
Studies. Addendum 8 on Data Reporting,
Environmental Protection Agency, Chamblee, GA.
Office of Pesticides Programs.
R. A. Loranger. Oct 88,14p EPA/540/09-89/010
See also PB89-124598.
The Data Reporting Guideline (DRG) for Residues in
Meat, Milk, Poultry and Eggs: Livestock Feeding Stud-
ies, Series 171 -4(c)(3), gives guidance to pesticide
registrants on the format of their study report so that
the Agency can review it efficiently. The guidance clari-
fies sections in the existing Pesticides Assessment
Guidelines, Subdivision O, on data reporting. It pro-
vides an outline for the study report and describes the
topics which should be addressed such as feed con-
sumption, preparation of the dose, housing and health
of the animals, sample collection, sample handling and
storage stability, analysis of the samples, submission
of representative chromatograms, etc., and provides
guidance on the presentation of the results of the
study. Data submitters can use the DRG in preparing
their reports for submission to EPA to meet 40 CFR
158 requirements for the registration of pesticides.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Guidelines, Assessments,
Residues, Meat, Poultry, Eggs, Livestock, Feeding
stuffs, 'Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act 'Feder-
al Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, Pesticide
residues.
PB89-124614/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Validation Data for Photochemical Mechanisms:
Experimental Results. Interim rept. Apr 86-Dec 87,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
K. G. Sexton, J. R. Arnold, H. E. Jeffries, T. L. Kale, and
R. M. Kamens. Nov 88,85p EPA/600/3-88/041
See also PB87-145298. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Sciences Research Lab.
The smog chamber facility of the University of North
Carolina (UNC) was used to provide experimental data
for the EPA and atmospheric model developers for
testing and validating kinetic mechanisms of photo-
chemical smog formation. In the study, 71 dual-experi-
ments were performed using NOx and various hydro-
carbons and hydrocarbon mixtures. Experiments were
also conducted to better understand and characterize
(1) the chamber when operated dynamically to simu-
late continuous emissions and dilution, and (2) the
solar radiation inside the smog chamber. The chamber
experiments described in the report have been added
to the existing UNC database for model testing, bring-
ing the total number of dual-experiments in the data-
base to 417. The database is available on an ANSI for-
matted magnetic tape.
Keywords: 'Photochemical reactions, 'Smog, Atmos-
pheric models. Reaction kinetics, Nitrogen oxides. Ex-
perimental data, Hydrocarbons, Chambers, Dilution,
Solar radiation, Proving.
PB89-124622/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Control Technology Center Current Status and
Future Plans. Final rept. Dec 86-Sep 88,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab
S. L. Nolen. Oct 88,37p EPA/600/9-88/022
The report gives the current status of and future plans
for EPA's Control Technology Center (CTC). Initially
established to help reduce public exposure to toxic air
Mutants in the ambient air, the CTC's program has
en expanded to also include emission source and
control technology assessments associated with air
toxics, particulate matter, oxides of sulfur and nitrogen,
and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), as well as
emission measurements.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Particles, Sulfur
oxides, Nitrogen oxides, Public health, Toxicity, *Air
toxic substances, 'Remedial actions. Volatile organic
compounds(VOC), Stationary sources.
PB89-124630/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Development of a High Volume Surface Sampler
for Pesticides In Floor Dust. Final rept. 1 Mar 87-31
Aug 87,
Engineering Plus, Seattle, WA.
J. W. Roberts, and M. G. Ruby. Nov 88,51 p EPA/600/
4-88/036
Contract EPA-68-02-4406
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Services, Inc., Camarillo, CA. Sponsored by
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
A high volume surface sampler (HVS2) for the collec-
tion of house dust and the semivolatile organics (in-
cluding pesticides) in house dust has been designed
and tested. The sampler consists of an intake nozzle,
cyclone, and filter. The position of the nozzle is regu-
lated by the static pressure in the nozzle. The HVS2
operates at approximately 9.5 L/s (20 cfm) and can
collect more than 2 g of floor dust from a rug in an av-
erage clean residence in less than 4 mln. Over 95% of
the sample is retained in the cyclone. Both house dust
and a test dust were spiked with 10 or 20 ppm chlor-
pvrifos and dieidrin and 50 or 100 ppm diazinon. Virtu-
ally all the pesticide was retained in the cylcone or on
the filter. Conventional vacuum cleaners, small hand-
held vacuum cleaners, gloves, semi-sticky paper, and
carpet squares were not satisfactory substitutes. A
recommended sampling procedure for the use of the
HVS2, based on the test experiences reported here, is
provided.
Keywords: 'Dust collectors, 'Pesticides, Sampling,
Chemical analysis, Performance evaluation, Design
criteria, Houses, 'Indoor air pollution, 'High volume
samplers, Volatile organic compounds(VOC).
PB89-124S48/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Treatment of Hazardous Landfill Leachates and
Contaminated Groundwater. Final rept. Oct 80-Oct
86,
Rutgers - The State Univ., Piscataway, NJ. Dept. of
Chemical and Biochemical Engineering.
R. C. Ahlert, and D. S. Kosson. Nov 88,290p EPA/
600/2-88/064
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The study assessed the application of separate or
combined biological and physical/chemical treatment
techniques to nigh-strength hazardous dumpsite or
landfill leachates, extractable wastes and spills, or
sludges. Four types of real-world toxic, concentrated
complex wastes served as prototype waste streams!
industrial landfill leachate, leachate from an industrial
sludge impoundment, forced extract from impounded
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
chlorinated solvent. Field pilot plants were constructed
and operated to demonstrate sequential aerobic/an-
aerobic soil-based microbial treatment for leachates
from two sites and for ground water contaminated with
1,1,1-trlchloroethane at a third site. Even in the pres-
ence of high concentrations of inorganic salts, organic
carbon reductions up to 99% were readily achieved.
The levels of chlorinated solvents extracted in subsur-
face water were reduced from 5 mg/L to less than 20
ng/mL (greater than 99.6%).
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
'Ground water, Halohydrocarbons, Earth fills, Water
pollution abatement, Toxicity, Public health, Physico-
chemical properties, Pilot plants, 'Cleanup operations,
Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure(TCLP), Haz-
ardous waste sites.
PBM-124655/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Pesticide
Feet Sheet No. 181: Metlram.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Oct 88,8p EPA/540/FS-89/001
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred: issuance or reissuance
of a registration standard; issuance of each special
review document; registration of a significantly
changed use pattern; registration of a new chemical;
or an immediate need for information to resolve con-
troversial issues relating to a specific chemical or use
pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Fungicides, Hazardous mate-
rials, Chemical properties, Regulations, Toxicity, Ecol-
ogy, Agricultural products, Thiocarbamates, 'Toxic
substances, 'Metiram, Path of pollutants, Chemical in-
formation fact sheets, Use patterns, CAS 9006-42-2.
PBM-124663/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Metiram as the Active Ingre-
dient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Oct 88.140p EPA/540/RS-89/002
See also PB89-124655.
The document contains Information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Herbicides, Standards,
Guidelines, Genetics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous
materials, Agricultural products, Public health, Regula-
tions, Ecology, Manufacturing, Toxicity, 'Reregistra-
tion, 'Metiram, 'Toxic substances, Federal Insectide
Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, CAS 9006-42-2.
PBW-124739/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Chromosomal Changes Associated with Tumorl-
genlc Mineral Fibers,
Northrop Sen/ices, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
L D. Paiekar, J. F. Eyre, and D. L. Coffin. Oct 88,33p
EPA/600/D-88/222
Contract EPA-68-02-4450
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The purpose of the study is to investigate the cytoge-
netic characteristics of mineral fiber-induced rat pleu-
ral mesotheliomas. Cell lines were established in vitro
from 6 chrysotlle- and 7 ertonlte-induced rat pleural
mesotheliomas. Each cell line was composed of sev-
eral cell populations that were heterogeneous in their
chromosome make-up, but a predominant cell popula-
tion was readily recognizable in each cell line baaed on
chromosome number. The cell lines were character-
ized by either aneuploid or pseudodiploid cells with
chromosome modal numbers ranging from 40-92. Kar-
yotype analyses revealed a heterogeneous display of
chromosome rearrangements. Each cell line had
unique abnormalities. No recurrent abnormality could
as yet be associated with either chrysotile or erionite-
induced mesothelioma cells. However, frequent anom-
alies of chromosome No. 1 suggest chromosome No.
1 involvement in the pathogenesis of rat pleural me-
sotheliomas.
Keywords: 'Serpentine, 'Carcinogens, 'Asbestos,
'Silicate minerals, 'Chromosome abnormalities, Labo-
ratory animals, Pleural neoplasms, 'Erionite, 'Meso-
thelioma, Ceil lines, Cytogenetics.
PB89-124762/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Pesticide
Fact Sheet No. 182: Maneb.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Oct 88,9p EPA/540/ FS-89/005
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred: issuance or reissuance
of a registration standard; issuance of each special
review document; registration of a significantly
changed use pattern; registration of a new chemical;
or an immediate need for information to resolve con-
troversial issues relating to a specific chemical or use
pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Fungicides, Hazardous mate-
rials, Chemical properties, Regulations, Toxicity, Ecol-
ogy, Agricultural products, Thiocarbamates, 'Toxic
substances, 'Maneb, Path of pollutants, Chemical in-
formation fact sheets, Use patterns, CAS 12427-38-2.
PB89-124770/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Maneb as the Active ingredi-
ent
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Oct 88,167p EPA/540/RS-89/006
See also PB89-124762.
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes now to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Herbicides, Standards,
Guidelines, Genetics, Labels, Hazardous materials,
Agricultural products, Packaging, Public health, Regu-
lations, Ecology, Manufacturing, Toxicity, 'Reregistra-
tion, 'Maneb, 'Toxic substances, Federal Insectide
Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, CAS 12427-38-2.
PB89-126041/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Interim Procedures for Estimating Risks Associat-
ed with Exposures of Mixtures of Chlorinated Dt-
benzo-p-DloxIna and -Dibenzofurans (COOs and
CDFs),	_
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
J. S. Bsilin, and D. G. Barnes. Mar 87,59p EPA/625/3-
87/012
As part of its effort to address risks posed by chlorinat-
ed dibenzo-p-dioxins and chlorinated dibenzofurans
(CDDs and CDFs) in the environment, the U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency (EPA) has adopted an in-
terim procedure, based on dioxin toxicity equivalence
factors (TEFs), for estimating the hazard and dose-re-
sponse of complex mixtures containing CDDs and
CDFs in addition to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-
dioxin (TCDD). The TEF procedure, and the scientific
data upon which it is based, are the subject of the
report. The document describes the recommended in-
terim procedure for generating the TCDD equivalence
of complex mixtures of CDDs and CDFs, based on
congener or homologue-specific data, and for using
such information in assessing risk.
Keywords: 'Chlorine organic compounds, 'Toxicity,
Industrial wastes, Carcinogens, Public health, Risk as-
sessment, 'Hazard analysis, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), Chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins,
Chlorinated dibenzofurans.
PB89-125405/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Ground Water Monitoring Evaluation Hughes Air-
craft, U.S. Air Force Plant No. 44. Tucson, Arizona,
Environmental Protection Agency, San Francisco, CA.
Region IX.
M. G. Filippini, and D. Zuroski. Apr 88,84p EPA/700/
8-87/037
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The report summarizes the results of EPA investiga-
tions conducted during April 1987 at the Hughes Air-
craft/Air Force Plant 44 in Tucson, Arizona to deter-
mine compliance with the regulatory requirements of
ground water monitoring, and for the hazardous and
solid waste amendments of RCRA, and the corre-
sponding State regulations. Based on the results of
these investigations, a number of requisite actions
were identified to attain compliance.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Ground water,
'Regulations, 'Monitoring, Performance evaluation,
Water pollution abatement, Water pollution control,
Environmental surveys, Solid waste management, Air
Force facilities.
PB89-125884/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Journal
Holdings Report, 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Information Resources Management.
Oct 88,179p EPA-IMSD-88-012
See also report for 1983, PB84-194877.
This is the 10th edition of the EPA Journal Holdings
Report. The Report contains approximately 3,000 titles
and 11,000 holdings records which represent the hold-
ings of the 28 EPA Libraries.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Libraries, 'Peri-
odicals.
PB89-125934/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Methods for Aquatic Toxicity Identification Eval-
uations. Phase 1 Toxicity Characterization Proce-
dures,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
D. I. Mount, and L Anderson-Camahan. Sep 88,68p*
EPA/600/3-88/034
The manual describes procedures for characterizing
the physical/chemical nature of toxicants in acutely
toxic effluent samples. To detect the presence and po-
tency of the toxicants as the sample is manipulated,
the measurement of toxicity using organisms is helpful.
The final step is to separate the toxicants from other
sample constituents to simplify the analytical process.
Usually the toxicants must be concentrated for analy-
sis. Sample manipulations to alter toxicity include:
sparging, pH change, filtration, solid phase extraction
and addition of chelating and reducing agents. The re-
sults will often reveal information about the physical/
chemical characteristics of the toxicants.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Toxicity, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Physicochemical properties, 'Manuals,
Chemical analysis, Bioassay, Public health, Instruc-
tions, Tests, Evaluation, Standards, Risk assessment.
PB89-125942/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Field and Laboratory Testing of a Compacted Soli
Liner,
McClelland Engineers, Inc., Houston, TX.
B. R. Elsbury, G. A. Sraders, D. C. Anderson, J. A.
Rehage, and J. O. Sal. Nov 88,156p EPA/600/2-88/
067
Contract EPA-68-03-3250
Prepared in cooperation with Brown (K.W.) and Asso-
ciates, Inc., College Station, TX., and Texas Univ. at
Austin. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering
Lab.
The project was initiated to provide information on the
construction criteria that control the performance of
compacted soil liners. The information generated by
the study is intended to be used in regulating, design-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ing, and constructing soil liners that meet the mandat-
ed maximum hydraulic conductivity of 1 x 10 to the
minus 7 cm per sec. The construction criteria that have
the greatest impact on soil liner performance were ten-
tatively identified. On the basis of these criteria a field
liner was designed and constructed under close con-
trol. An extensive program of monitoring the construc-
tion and of testing the liner's density and moisture con-
tent was undertaken. After construction, the hydraulic
conductivity of the liner was measured in the field
using four 25-sq-ft (2.3-sq-m) sealed double ring infil-
trometers, set in the liner surface and a 256-sq-ft
(23.8-sq-m) lysimeter set in the gravel underdrain. Lab-
oratory testing was also performed on samples of the
liner taken using 3-in.- and 6-in.-diameter thin-walled
tube samplers and from hand-carved blocks of soil.
Keywords: 'Construction, 'Soils, 'Linings, Hydraulic
conductivity, Performance evaluation, Design criteria,
Regulations, Density(Mass/volume), Moisture con-
tent, Compacting, Dyes, Tests.
PB89-125959/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Proposed Test Protocol to Determine Toxicant
Leaching Into Potable Water,
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
R. Rossi, C. R. Turner, and D. K. Basu. Nov 88,61 p
EPA/600/2-88/066
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
Research was conducted to develop a general test
protocol to identify the possible deterioration of water
quality as a result of leaching of toxicants from distribu-
tion/transmission pipes and tanks during distribution
and storage of potable water. The developed protocol
was tested with a representative coating material nor-
mally used for corrosion inhibition of standard steel
pipes and tanks and is known to contain a large
number of compounds, some of which are suspected
to be carcinogenic. The leaching apparatus of the test
protocol is expected to be applicable in predicting pos-
sible toxicant leaching from other coated and uncoat-
ed materials that come in contact with potable water.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water pollution control,
Water quality, 'Tests, Toxicity, Public health, Carcino-
gens, Corrosion inhibitors, Water pipes, Water distribu-
tion, Water storage, 'Drinking water, Risk assessment.
PB89-125967/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Oxygen Utilization In Activated Sludge Plants:
Simulation and Model Calibration. Final rept. Jun
86-Jun 88,
Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton.
C. R. Baillod. Nov 88,97p EPA/600/2-88/065
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The objective of the research described in the report is
to apply recent advances in activated sludge process
modeling to the simulation of oxygen utilization rates in
full scale activated sludge treatment plants. This is ac-
complished by calibrating the International Association
for Water Pollution Research and Control Model and
associated SSSP micro-computer software to operat-
ing data at six full-scale activated sludge treatment
plants. Field data were used to calibrate the key bio-
logical parameters contained in the model so that the
oxygen utilization rates, dissolved oxygen concentra-
tions, mixed liquor volatile suspended solids concen-
trations, and process performance simulated by the
model matched the corresponding quantities observed
in the treatment plants. The results showed that the
model and associated software package provide a
useful capability to analyze, simulate, and predict
oxygen utilization rates. It was possible to obtain rea-
sonable agreement between the measured and simu-
lated values of oxygen uptake rate, dissolved oxygen
concentration and other process parameters at most
of the plants studied.
Keywords: 'Activated sludge process, 'Mathematical
models. 'Oxygen consumption, 'Computerized simu-
lation, Performance evaluation, Systems engineenng,
Predictions, Industrial plants, Waste treatment.
1208 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB89-125975/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Special Report on Ingested Inorganic Arsenic:
Skin Cancer; Nutritional Essentiality,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. DC.
Office of Research and Development.
T. Levine, A. Rispin, C. S. Scott, W. Marcus, and C.
Chen. Jul 88,136p EPA/625/3-87/013F
A Technical Panel of the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency's Risk Assessment Forum has studied
three special issues regarding certain health effects,
particularly skin cancer, associated with arsenic inges-
tion: the validity of the Tseng et al. (1968) study of skin
cancer in Taiwan and its use for dose-response as-
sessment in the U.S. population; the interpretation and
use of skin lesions reported as arsenic-induced skin
cancers in that study; and the role of arsenic as an es-
sential nutrient in the human diet. The Technical Panel
also reviewed auxiliary information on genotoxicity,
metabolism, and other factors that might suggest the
most appropriate approach to dose-response assess-
ment. In brief summary, the analysis shows a causal
relationship between ingestion exposure to arsenic
and an increased risk of skin cancer in the Taiwan pop-
ulation. This leads to a classification of arsenic as a
Group A human carcinogen under EPA's cancer guide-
lines. However, in the absence of fully persuasive evi-
dence for any of the possible mechanisms of arsenic-
induced carcinogenesis, a generalized multistage
model that is linear at low doses was used to place an
upper bound on the expected human cancer dose-re-
sponse.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Arsenic, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Toxicity, 'Trace elements, Skin neo-
plasms, Carcinogens, Humans, Taiwan, Exposure, Ep-
idemiology, Metabolism, 'Health effects, Risk assess-
ment.
PB89-125983/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
National Stream Survey: Phase 1 Quality Assur-
ance Report,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
K. A. Cougan, D. W. Sutton, D. V. Peck, V. J. Miller, and
J. E. Pollard. Apr 88,222p EPA/600/4-88/018
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
See also PB88-245923. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The National Stream Survey - Phase I, conducted
during the spring of 1986, was designed to assess
quantitatively the present chemical status of streams
in regions of the eastern United States where aquatic
resources are potentially at risk as a result of acidic
deposition. A quality assurance program was imple-
mented to ensure consistency in the collection and
analysis of water samples and to verify the reported re-
sults. In addition, the quality assurance program pro-
vides data users with quantitative and qualitative docu-
mentation of the quality of the data base in terms of
representativeness, completeness, and comparability
and the quality of the analytical results in terms of de-
tectability, accuracy, and precision. The quality assur-
ance report describes the major design and operation-
al aspects of the quality assurance program and the
final assessment of the quality of the analytical prob-
lems that occurred during the survey and the correc-
tive actions implemented.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Stream pollution, Quality
assurance, Streams, Precipitation(Chemistry), Sam-
pling, Chemical analysis, Assessments, Eastern
region(United States).
PB89-125991/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Technology Evaluation Report SITE Program
Demonstration Test, Shlrco Infrared Incineration
System, Peak Oil, Brandon, Florida. Volume 1,
Environmental Protection Agency, Gncinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
S. Rosenthal, and H. <3. Wall. Sep 88,107p EPA/540/
5-88/002A
See also Volume 2, PB89-116024. Prepared in coop-
eration with Enviresponse, Inc., Livingston, NJ.
A Shirco Infrared System used for a removal action at
a PCB-containing oil refining waste site in Brandon,
Florida (a suburb of Tampa) was evaluated. The eval-
uation included a determination of toxics in the materi-
al being decontaminated as well as all the effluent
streams such as ash, air emissions and wastewater.
These streams were analyzed for heavy metals, or-
ganics, dioxins, furans as well as NOx, and inorganic
acids. Leaching tests were performed on the ash. The
results indicated that the PCB was reduced from 5 to
100 ppm to less than 1 ppm in the ash, which was the
purpose of the removal action. Although research had
indicated that the lead compounds in the ash would
become insoluble because they would be complexed
with carbon, the ash could not be considered non-
leachable based on toxicity tests.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Refineries, 'Inciner-
ators, Hazardous wastes, Toxicity, Air pollution control.
Waste water, Combustion products, Sites, Florida!
'Hazardous waste sites, 'Toxicity characteristic tead^
ing procedure (TCLP), 'Petroleum refineries, Air toxic
substances, Cleanup operations, Brandon(Florida).
PB89-126056/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 184: Tetrachlorvin-
phos.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Oct 88,9p EPA/540/FS-89/004
See also PB89-126064.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred: issuance or reissuance
of a registration standard; issuance of each special
review document; registration of a significantly
changed use pattern; registration of a new chemical;
or an immediate need for information to resolve con-
troversial issues relating to a specific chemical or use
pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Fungicides, Hazardous mate-
rials, Chemical properties, Regulations, Toxicity, Ecol-
ogy, Agricultural products, Phosphorus organic com-
pounds, 'Toxic substances, 'Tetrachlorvinphos, Path
of pollutants, Chemical information fact sheets, Use
patterns, CAS 22248-79-9, CAS 22350-76-1 CAS
961-11-5.
PB89-128064/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstration of Pssflctelt
Products Containing Tetrachlorvinphos as the
Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Oct 88,123p EPA/540/RS-89/003
See also PB89-126056.
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subtect
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA In arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides, Standards.
Guidelines, Genetics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous
materials, Agricultural products, Public health, Regula-
tions, Ecology, Manufacturing, Toxicity, 'ReregistFa-
tion, 'Tetrachlorvinphos, 'Toxic substances, Federal
Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act CAS
22248-79-9,CAS22350-76-1,CAS961-11-5.
PB88-126072/HSU	PC A03/MF AOI
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 183: HexasktoiM.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC
Office of Pesticide Programs.	'
Sep 88,11 p EPA/540/FS-88/082
See also PB89-126080.
The document contains up-to-date chemical Informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatorv
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or grouo
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred: issuance or reissuance
of a registration standard; Issuance of each special
review document; registration of a signWoantt*
changed use pattern; registration of a new chamteafc
or an immediate need for information to resolve co«v
troversial Issues relating to a specific chemical or uu
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Herbicides, 'Toxicity, Hazard-
ous materials, Chemical properties, Regulations, Ecol-
ogy, Agricultural products, Triazines, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Hexazinone, Path of pollutants, CAS 107-
20-1.
PB89-126080/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Outdance tor the Reregiatration of Pesticide
Products Containing Hexazinone as the Active In-
fradiant,
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 88,110p EPA/540/RS-88/081
See also PB87-110292.
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of data requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Herbicides, Standards,
Guidelines, Genetics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous
materials, Agricultural products, Public health, Regula-
tions, Ecology, Manufacturing, Toxicity, 'Registration,
'Hexazinone, 'Toxic substances, Federal Insectiside
Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, CAS 107-20-1.
PB89-126320/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Hazardous Waate Enforcement In Illinois, Fiscal
Year 1M7. Rept. for 1 Jul 86-30 Jun 87,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Enforcement Programs.
J. Svoboda, and J. Muraro. Oct 88,87p IEPA/ENF/88-
037
See also report for 1988, PB88-150032. Portions of this
document are not fully legible.
A brief overview of enforcement policies and proce-
dures by the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency,
particularly as they involve violations concerning haz-
ardous wastes or materials, and the various enforce-
ment options available to IEPA to secure compliance.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Environmental pro-
tection, 'Illinois, Policies, 'Enforcement, Pollution
laws.
PB8B-126338/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Cleaning Illinois: Status of tha State's Hazardoua
Waste Cleanup Programs, Spring 1988. Rept. for
1970-1988,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field Div. of Land Pollution Control.
J Muraro. Jun 88,52p IEPA/GCA-88/027
See also report for 1986, PB87-113809.
An updated version of an earlier (1986) report, which
outlines the current status of Illinois efforts to deal with
cleaning up hazardous waste sites, including those on
the NPL, the SRAPL, voluntary cleanups and immedi-
ate removals.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, State government,
Illinois, Incinerators, Earth fills, Heat treatment,
Ground water, Contamination, Underground storage,
"Cleanup programs, Hazardous wastes.
PBM-126460/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
¦IMOurce Conservation and Recovery Act Sub-
HHe C, Hazardoua Waste Management, 8ectlon
3001, Identification and Uating of Hazardous
Waate; Section 261.33, Hazardous Waste from
Placarding of Commercial Chemical Products and
the Containers and Spill Reskluee Thereof: Back-
ground Document Rapt, for Jan-Apr 81.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
OMce of SoHd Waste.
Apr 81,170p EPA/530/SW-89/005
See also PB89-102594. Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The background document explains the basis for regu-
lations concerning discarded commercial products,
which are described and listed in Section 261.33 and
tor which exclusion levels are established in Section
201.5. Commercial chemical products or manufactur-
ing chemical intermediates are divided Into two cate-
gories: those which are acutely hazardous and subject
to stringent exclusion levels: and those which are haz-
ardous wastes. These regulations concern commercial
chemical products, and associated off-specification
chemical products, spill cleanup residues and debris.
For acutely hazardous chemicals, the regulations also
cover containers and inner liners which contain the
acutely hazardous chemicals.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Chemical industry,
'Industrial wastes, 'Waste disposal, 'Manuals, 'Stor-
age tanks, Engineering standards, Design criteria.
PB89-126478/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, New York. Region
Permit Writers' Guidance Manual for Hazardous
Waate Tanks. Draft rept.
Battelle Columbus Div., OH.
1988,196p EPA/530/SW-89/003
Contract EPA-68-01-6515
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, New
York. Region II.
The purpose of the manual is to provide a resource for
permit writers in the implementation of Part 264, Sub-
part J, CFR, which sets forth regulations for facilities
that use tanks to treat or store hazardous waste. The
material Is meant for guidance purposes only and is
not meant to replace data and information that are
specific to the facility being assessed. The manual has
been written primarily to assist permit writers when
performing a technical review of Part B permit applica-
tions for facilities that treat or store hazardous waste in
tanks and when writing the final permit The most likely
user would be either an engineer or a scientist with
some experience in reviewing engineering information.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial wastes,
'Waste disposal, 'Manuals, 'Storage tanks, Engineer-
ing standards, Design criteria. Waste management,
'volatile organic compounds(VOC).
PB89-126569/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Advanced Utility Simulation Model, Energy and
Employment Impacts Module (Version 1.0). Final
rept. Sep 82-Aug 83,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Coll. of Engineer-
ing.
B. Hannon, R. Jackson, and D. Kennedy. Oct 88,29p
EPA/600/8-88/071G
See also PB88-204276, and PB89-126677. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research
The report is one of an 11-volume series that de-
scribes the initial development of the Advanced Utility
Simulation Model (AUSM), one of four stationary
source emission ana control cost forecasting models
developed in 1984 for the National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program (NAPAP). The AUSM model
projects air pollution emissions (S02, NOx, and partic-
ulate matter), costs of electric generation, eiectnc rate
schedules, costs of emissions control, fuel consump-
tion by type, electric generating technology construc-
tion, and generating technology utilizations for existing
and new electric generating units by state. The initial
versions of AUSM (Version 1.0) was delivered be-
tween November 1984 and August 1985. Further de-
velopment of the AUSM model between 1985 and
1988 has resulted in the development of Versions 2.0
and 3.0. Reports describing Revisions 2.0 and 3.0 ere
also part of this series.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, Sulfur dioxide, Ni-
trogen oxides, Cost analysis, Control simulation, Fore-
casting, Fuels, Utilities, Emission, Electric power
demand, 'Stationary sources, 'Air pollution control,
Computer applications.
PBM-126S77/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Advanced Utility Simulation Modal, User's Guide
§ torsion 3.0). Rept. for Oct-Dec 67,
cience Applications International Corp., McLean, VA.
R. L. Capone, E. H. May, and C. J. Peterson. Oct 88,
46p
Contract EPA-68-02-4227
See also PB89-126569. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report describes the procedures for operation of
the entire integrated Advanced Utility Simulation
Model (AUSM), one of four stationary source emis-
sions and control cost forecasting models developed
in 1984 for the National Acid Precipitation Assessment
Program (NAPAP). The AUSM projects air emissions
of S02, NOx, and particulates from electric utilities;
forecasts changes in emissions resulting from reduc-
tion initiatives: and assesses the resulting financial and
economic impacts of these initiatives on utilities and
consumers. Model results, derived from a 1980 base-
line, are generated by state for each year from 1980 to
2009. The AUSM (Version 3.0) is available for remote
terminal access and operation at EPA's National Com-
puter Center (NCC). A transcription of the AUSM is
also available on magnetic tape.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, Computer pro-
grams, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Cost analysis,
Control simulation, Forecasting, Fuels, Utilities, Emis-
sion, Electric power demand, 'Stationary sources, 'Air
pollution control, User manuals(Computer programs).
PB89-126585/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Hex-
achlorocyclohexanes.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Dec 87,253p EPA/600/X-88/248
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Hex-
achlorocyclohexanes was prepared to support listings
of hazardous constituents of a wide range of waste
streams under Section 3001 of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and to provide
health-related limits for emergency actions under Sec-
tion 101 of the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA).
Quantitative estimates have been presented provided
sufficient data are available. Hexachlorocyclonexanes
has been evaluated as a carcinogen. The human car-
cinogen potency factors (ql*) for Alpha-HCH, Beta-
HCH, Gamma- HCH and T-HCH are 6.34, 1.84, 1.33
and 1.76, respectively, for oral exposure. The Report-
able Quantity (RQ) value of 1, 10, 100, 1000 or 5000
pounds is used to determine the quantity of a hazard-
ous substance for which notification is required in the
event of a release as specified by CERCLA based on
chronic toxicity. The RQ values for Alpha-HCH, Beta-
HCH, Gamma-HCH and T-HCH are 1000,1000, 100
and 100, respectively. Existing data are insufficient to
determine an RQ value for Delta-HCH and Epsilon-
HCH.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Exposure, Carcinogens,
Guidelines, Standards, Profiles, Waste water, Hazard-
ous materials, 'Environmental health, 'Hexachlorocy-
clohexanes, 'Toxic substances, Environmental fate,
Environmental transport, Pharmacokinetics, Risk as-
sessment.
PB89-126593/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Qualitative Pathogen Risk Assesament for Ocean
Dlapoaal of Municipal Sludge.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
May 86,141 p EPA/600/6-88/010
The purpose of the document is to focus on microbial
contaminants of municipal wastewater sludges that
have been actually or potentially implicated in produc-
ing human illness; it summarizes available data on the
occurrence, transport and fate of these pathogens in
the marine environment; and describes the possible
hazards to human health associated with the disposal
of sludges in open ocean waters. Following the pres-
entation of background information, a discussion of
risks associated with ocean disposal of sludge are pre-
sented.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Ocean environments,
•Disease vectors, 'Public health, Municipalities, Risk,
Assessments, Dumping, Barges, New York Bight, Ex-
posure, Outfall sewers, Viruses, Microorganisms, En-
terobacterlaceae, Metals, Organic compounds, North
Atlantic Ocean, Shellfish, Collform bacteria.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB89-126801/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Climate Change and Its Interactions with Air
Chemistry: Perspectives and Research Needs. In-
terim rept.,
Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA.
J. E. Penner, P. S. Conned, D. J. Wuebbles, and C. C.
Covey. Nov 88,96p EPA/600/3-88/046
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
The report attempts to outline and estimate the inter-
actions between climate change and atmospheric
chemistry that need investigation on both local and/or
regional and global scales. The problem is enormously
complex and is not simply one of estimating tempera-
ture change and running chemical models already in
use. The changing climate influences many different
factors such as precipitation, atmospheric transport,
changes in budgets of species with biological sources,
changes in UV light because of stratospheric ozone
depletion, changes in deposition rates, etc. The single
most significant finding in the study is that very little is
known about the interactions of the above cited ef-
fects with either climate or air pollution. Current analy-
ses suggest that it is improbable that present trends
towards increasing concentrations will be arrested or
reversed in the near future.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, 'Atmospheric compo-
sition, 'Climatic changes, Atmospheric temperature.
Mathematical models, Precipitation(Meteorology), At-
mospheric circulation, Stratosphere, Ozone, Air pollu-
tion, Ultraviolet radiation, Trace elements, Gases,
Trends, Concentration(Composition), Global.
PB89-126726/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Precision and Accuracy Assessments for State
and Local Air Monitoring Networks, 1981-1986,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
R. C. Rhodes. Aug 88,372p* EPA/600/4-88/037
See also PB88-180138.
Precision and accuracy assessments of air quality data
obtained from State and local air monitoring agencies
during the six years, 1981-1986, are summarized in
graphical form for each reporting organization. For
most reporting organizations, the graphs show an im-
provement in data quality during the six-year period.
Comparisons across reporting organizations for the
same pollutant measurements reveal persistent signifi-
cant differences. The data quality assessments are
also summarized and shown graphically for each EPA
Region and for the Nation. The report covers the
period from 1981 through 1988.
Keywords: 'Monitoring, 'Air pollution, State govern-
ment, Local government, Graphs(Charts), Compari-
son, States(United States), Accuracy, 'Air quality data,
Networks, Probability limits.
PB89-127468/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Description of the Process Model Projection
Technique (PROMPT). Version 3.0. Final rept Oct
85-Mar86,
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
VA.
T. Hogan. Oct 88,44p* EPA/600/8-88/101
Contract EPA-68-02-4202
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report describes the model logic and data sources
for Version 3.0 of the Process Model Projection Tech-
nique (PROMPT), one of four stationary source emis-
sion and control cost forecasting models developed
for the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Pro-
gram (NAPAP). PROMPT projects air pollution emis-
sions (S02, sulfates, and NOx) and costs for Industrial
combustion and industrial processes (e.g., process
heaters, furnaces, dryers, kilns, engines, turbines, and
wood-fired boilers). PROMPT excludes emissions from
the combustion of natural gas, distillate and residual
fuel oil, and coal in industrial boilers. The outputs are
provided for 1980 (baseline), 1985 (forecasted, not
actual), 1990, 1995, 2000, 2010, 2020, and 2030. The
data sources used to develop PROMPT Version 3.0
predate the release of the final 1980 NAPAP Emis-
sions Inventory.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Sulfur
oxides, Industries, Mathematical models, 'Air pollution
forecasts, Air pollution control, Emission factors, Acid
rain.
PB89-127476/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Projections of Regional Fuel Oil and Natural Gas
Prices. Final rept. May-Sep 86,
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
T. Hogan. Oct 88, 77p EPA/600/6-88/104
Contract EPA 68-02-4202
Prepared in cooperation with National Acid Precipita-
tion Assessment Program, Washington, DC. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Re-
search Lab.
The report presents delivered regional oil and natural
gas price forecasts for the industrial and electric utility
sectors. Delivered energy price projections by Federal
region through the year 2045 are provided for distillate
fuel oil, residual fuel oil, and natural gas. Methodology
and major assumptions are also described.
Keywords: 'Prices, 'Fuel oil, 'Natural gas, 'Forecast-
ing, Tables(Data), Electric utilities, Industries, Crude
oil. Economic growth, Pollution control.
PB89-1274B4/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Effects of Sorbent Injection for Sulfur Dioxide Re-
moval on Particulate Control Systems for Coal-
Flred Boilers. Final rept. Oct 84-Oct 87,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL. Environ-
mental Sciences Dept.
J. P. Gooch, J. L. DuBard, M. G. Faulkner, G. H.
Marchant, and R. S. Dahlin. Nov 88,131pSRI-ENV-
88-620-5676, EPA/600/7-88/023
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report describes studies undertaken to quantify
the effects of dry S02 sorbent injection on electrostat-
ic precipitator (ESP) operation with a coal-burning utili-
ty boiler. The specific operation of interest was EPA's
limestone injection, multistage burners (LIMB) proc-
ess. The combination of spent sorbent and fly ash has
a higher resistivity, a higher mass concentration, and a
finer particle-size distribution than the ash alone; all of
these factors diminish the effectiveness of ESP. Also
investigated was chemical conditioning to reduce the
resistivity problem, the only one of three concerns
stemming from sorbent injection that can be readily
mitigated. Other topics studied were: the recycle, dis-
posal, and utilization of waste-ash/sorbent mixtures;
the selection and modification of sorbents to improve
S02 capture in the furnace; and the reactivation of
spent sorbent by humidification to achieve supplemen-
tal post-furnace capture of S02.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Boilers,
'Sulfur dioxide, Particles, Combustion products. Flue
dust, Fly ash, Electrostatic precipitators, 'Coal fired
power plants.
PB89-127492/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Guideline for Design, installation. Operation, and
Quality Assurance for Dry Deposition Monitoring
Networks,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Research and Development
L. F. Porter. Sep 88,357p EPA/600/3-88/047
The manual provides basic, practical, field-tested guid-
ance on the installation, operation, maintenance, cali-
bration, and auditing of dry deposition measurement
systems. The information provided is based primarily
on EPA's experience in installing, operating, maintain-
ing, and auditing the National Dry Deposition Network.
It nas been supplemented with information gathered
from personnel involved in other acid deposition and
some non-acid deposition monitoring networks, and by
a review of present research and development efforts.
Each section of the manual first describes the activi-
ties covered by the topic area, then it describes the
quality control activities.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Monitoring, 'Air pollution,
Drying, Manuals, Design criteria, Sampling, Gases,
Meteorological data, Wind(Meteorology), Surveys,
Equipment, Quality control, Sites, Operations, Train-
ing, Laboratories, Meteorological instruments, Audit-
ing, 'Acid deposition, Particulates.
PB89-127500/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Analytical Techniques for Assessing the Effects
of Acid Deposition on Paintsd Steel Substrates,
Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD.
P. Moran, T. Simpson, G. Davis, and C. Arah. Nov 88,
60p EPA/600/3-88/045
Grant EPA-R-814347
Prepared in cooperation with Martin Marietta Labs.,
Baltimore, MD. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospher-
ic Sciences Research Lab.
The report summarizes the outcome of studies per-
formed for the period of October 1,1987-May 15,1988
of the first year of the program at The Johns Hopkins
University and Martin-Manetta Laboratories. To date,
initial exposure studies of painted steel (ASTM A569
CO) coupons coated with a commercial alkyd primer/
top coat system for steel structures (not bridges) and
preliminary characterization of the free standing paint
films have been completed. Surface analytical tech-
niques including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
(XPS), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been used
in the characterization process. In addition, electro-
chemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), fourier-trans-
form infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), weight loss/gain
measurements, and coating/steel adhesion-strength
studies have been performed to evaluate performance
of sample coupons and paint films in aqueous acid en-
vironments.
Keywords: 'Steels, 'Primers(Coatings), 'Corrosion re-
sistance, 'Acids, Alkyd resins, Microscopy, Spectros-
copy, X rays, Adhesive strength, Paints, Chemical
analysis, Graphs(Charts), Electrical impedance.
PB80-127518/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Analytical Techniques for Measuring the Effects
of Add Deposition on Coatings on Wood,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
C. M. Balik, R. E. Fornes, and R. D. Gilbert. Nov 88,
60p EPA/600/3-88/044
Grants EPA-R-814166, EPA-R-814121
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
Preliminary experiments have been carried out to char-
acterize the potential deleterious effects of acidic dep-
osition on three representative paints: an oil alkyd
paint and two acrylic latex formulations. The base poly-
mer latex common to both latex paints was also stud-
ied individually. Free films of paint have been exposed
to relatively high levels ol gaseous S02 and ultraviolet
light, and have been immersed in aqueous S02 at pH
2.0. Several analytical techniques have been used to
assess the resulting chemical and physical changes in
the paint films, including sorption and diffusion meas-
urements, attenuated total reflectance infrarad spec-
troscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, sol-gel analy-
sis, contact angle measurements, differential scanning
clorimetty, and electron spin resonance. All tech-
niques show promise for characterizing the early
stages of damage to paint films caused by acidic depo-
sition. The major effects noted in the study include
leaching of acid-soluble extender components upon
immersion in aqueous S02, and enhanced degrada-
tion of the base polymer upon exposure to gaseous
S02, and ultraviolet light.
Keywords: 'Acid resistance tests, 'Coatings, Meas-
urement, Photodeoradation, Paints, Latex, Sulfur diox-
ide, Ultraviolet radiation, Protective coatings, Wood
Assessments.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB89-127526/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Meteorological Processor for Regulatory Models
(MPRM-1.1) User's Guide,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. S. Irwin, J. O. Paumier, and R. W. Brode. Jul 88,
225p EPA/600/3-88/043
Prepared in cooperation with Computer Sciences
Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Version 1.1 of Meteorological Processor for Regula-
tory Models (MPRM) provides a general purpose com-
puter processor for organizing available meteorologi-
cal data into a format suitable for use by air quality dis-
persion models. Specifically, the processor is de-
signed to accommodate those dispersion models that
have gained EPA approval for use in regulatory deci-
sion making. MPRM can be envisioned as a three-
stage system. The first stage retrieves the meteorolog-
ical data from computer tape or disk files and process-
es the data through various quality assessment
checks. The second stage collects all data available
for a 24-hour period (upper air observations, hourly
surface weather observations, and data collected as
part of an on-site meteorological measurement pro-
gram) and stores these data in a combined (merged)
format The third stage reads the merged meteorologi-
cal data and performs the necessary processing to
produce a meteorological data file suitable for use by
the specified dispersion model.
Keywords: 'Computer simulation, 'Meteorological
data, 'Dispersions, 'Atmospheric diffusion, 'Air pollu-
tion, Airborne wastes, Regulations, Data processing,
Instructions, Models, 'Air quality.
PB89-127690/H8U	PC A06/MF A01
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1987.
Volume 4: West-Centrsl Illinois Region. Annual
root#
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control,
j Hawes, N. W. Thomas, and V. Wood. Sep 88,101 p
IEPA/WPC/88-016D
See also PB89-127708.
The report is Vol. 4, of a series of 7 reports summariz-
ing Illinois EPA's 1987 Volunteer Lake Monitoring Pro-
~nam (VLMP). It provides a program overview, a sum-
mary of 1987 VLMP lakes in West-Central Illinois, in-
cluding a discussion of lake characteristics, volunteer
participation, and a ranking of lakes on a regional
basis. West-Central Illinois results are compared to
statewide statistics. Lake assessment information
from the Illinois Water Quality Report 1986-1987 for
Weet-Ceritral VLMP lakes is provided and briefly dis-
cussed. Lake/watershed management strategies are
described. Thirty-five volunteers recorded total depth,
Seechi disc transparency, and field observations for 20
lakas in West-Central Illinois between May and Octo-
£*•71987.
Keywords: 'Monitoring, 'Lakes, 'Water pollution, 'Illi-
nois, Citizen participation, Assessments, Transpar-
, Depth, Observations, Field tests, Tables(Data),
Qraphs(Charts).
Regton(lllinois).
Trophic level, Western
PSS9-127708/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1987.
Volume 5: East-Central Illinois Region. Annual
Mjt,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
prompted designation of this stream as a priority water
body in the 1982-1983 Illinois Water Quality Report
(IEPA 1984). In late summer 1986, a stream quality in-
vestigation was initiated to determine the current
status of Eagle Creek. Aquatic macroinvertebrate and
water quality samples were collected from eight loca-
tions in the Eagle Creek watershed; fish populations,
stream habitat and sediment chemistry were assessed
at selected basin sites (Appendix Table A). Objectives
of this assessment were to: Document ambient water
quality conditions and any problems resulting from
coal mining activities in the basin; Evaluate biotic integ-
rity in the basin using aquatic macroinvertebrate and
fish communities; Determine aquatic life use support
attainment and factors causing or contributing to use
impairment; Assign a Biological Stream Characteriza-
tion (BSC) rating to stream segments assessed; and
Determine sediment chemistry characteristics and
document constituents present at abnormal levels.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Stream pollution, Illinois,
Habitabilily, Fishes, Aquatic biology, Natural re-
sources, Organic compounds, Sediments, Inverte-
brates, Biological surveys, Eagle Creek basin, Organ-
ochlorine compounds.
PBM-127I07/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Intensive Survey of the Sugar Creek Basin, Craw-
ford County, Illinois, 1988,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
Ft. L. Hite, M. M. King, M. R. Matson, and C. A. Bickers.
Jun 88,91 p IEPA/WPC/88-030
An intensive survey of Sugar Creek and tributaries in
the vicinity of Robinson, Illinois in Crawford County
was conducted during the period June 24 to October 8,
1986. Sugar Creek, a tributary of the Wabash River, is
14 rrales long and has a watershed of 69.5 square
miles. Ma|or dischargers in the basin include the Rob-
inson municipal wastewater facility (MWWTP) and the
Marathon Oil Company refinery; both discharge to
Robinson Creek. The survey was designed primarily to
assess wastewater impact from these two sources
upon water quality and biotic integrity of the receiving
streams. Environmental quality was summarized utiliz-
ing various indices including water quality (WQI), ma-
croinvertebrates (MBI), fish (AIBI), and habitat (PIBI).
Severe stream degradation evident in approximately
9.5 miles of Robinson and Sugar Creeks was attrib-
uted to wastewater from the Marathon Petroleum
Company.
Keywords: 'Aquatic biology, 'Water pollution, 'Sugar
Creek Basin, Wabash River, Surveys, Waste water
Environmental impacts, Invertebrates, Fishes, Chemi-
cal properties, Degradation, Sewage treatment, Refin-
eries, Assessments, Illinois, 'Habitats,
Discharge(Water).
PM9-127815/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Intensive Survey of the Mackinaw River Basin,
1M7,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
M. Short. Sep 88, 57p IEPA/WPC/88-034
In July, 1987 the Illinois Environmental Protection
Agency (IEPA) and the Illinois Department of Conser-
vation (IDOC) participated in a cooperative survey of
the Mackinaw River, a sixth order tributary to the Illi-
nois River, to evaluate the aquatic resources of the
basin. Water and sediment chemistry, macroinverte-
brates, fish and instream habitat data were sampled at
twenty-two stations to assess biotic potential and
assign use support ratings. Site selection included two
stations which are part of the IEPA stream monitoring
network (AWQMN) and historical IDOC fish monitoring
sites. Data was analyzed using a variety of indices:
water quality (WQI), macroinvertebrates (MBI), fish
(AIBI) and habitat (PIBI). Mean index values for the
Mackinaw River basin were 42.9 WQI, 5.3 MBI, 48.7
AIBI and 43.6 PIBI. These values indicated minor
water quality problems primarily due to phosphorus
and total suspended solids. They also indicated that
most of the streams sampled were capable of support-
ing a diverse macroinvertebrate community comprised
of intolerant organisms and a highly valued fishery re-
source.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Stream pollution, Illinois,
Habitability, Fishes, Aquatic biology, Natural re-
sources, Organic compounds, Sediments, Inverte-
brates, Biological surveys, Mackinaw River basin, Or-
ganochlorine compounds.
PB69-127849/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Municipalities, Small Business, and Agriculture:
The Challenge of Meeting Environmental Respon-
sibilities. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Sep 88,85p EPA/230/09-88/037
Prepared in cooperation with Department of Agricul-
ture, Washington, DC., and Small Business Adminis-
tration, Washington, DC.
The Administrator of the EPA requested that analyses
be conducted of the costs of environmental controls
across three different sectors of the economy - the
agricultural, small business, and municipal government
sectors. The analyses were to provide a critical self-ex-
amination of the collective effects EPA proposed ac-
tions will have on each of the sectors. The regulations
examined were those expected to impose new costs in
the 1988-1996 time period. As this was the Agency's
first attempt to examine the cumulative economic im-
pacts of projected regulations, some of which are in
the early stages of regulatory development, the find-
ings in each study are best considered as preliminary.
The report summarizes the findings presented in each
of the individual reports. In addition, it discusses the
possible policy recommendations that could be con-
sidered in light of the findings of each analysis.
Keywords: "Regulations, 'Economic analysis, 'Mu-
nicipalities, 'Agncultural economics. Benefit cost anal-
ysis, Commerce, Government policies, 'Environmen-
tal impact assessments, 'Small businesses.
PB89-127856/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Municipal Sector Study: Impacts of Environmental
Regulations on Municipalities. Final rept.,
Policy Planning and Evaluation, Inc., Vienna, VA.
J. Singh, R. Stein, S. Chandra, and B. Snyder. Sep 88,
181 p EPA/230/09-88/038
Contract EPA-68-01-7252
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Policy, Planning and Eval-
uation.
Due to this first attempt to examine the cumulative ef-
fects of projected regulations on municipal govern-
ments, some of which are in the early stages of devel-
opment, the findings of the study are best considered
as preliminary. Both municipalities under 2,500 per-
sons and over 250,000 persons will experience the
largest average increases in total user charges and
fees paid on a per household basis for the upcoming
regulations. Average costs to households in communi-
ties under 2,500 persons will increase by more than
100% in 20% of the municipalities between 1986 and
1996. Most other municipalities will experience in-
creases in user charges of less than 50% for their im-
proved environmental services. Communities under
2,500 persons will probably face the greatest difficulty
raising the capital necessary to meet the additional re-
quirements - between 21 and 30% in the U.S.
Keywords: 'Regulations, 'Economic analysis, 'Mu-
nicipalities, Benefit cost analysis, Commerce, Govern-
ment policies, 'Environmental impact assessments.
PB89-127864/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Small Business Sector Study: Impacts of Environ-
mental Regulations on Small Business. Final rept.
Clark (Lyman H.), Washington, DC.
Sep 88,173p EPA/230/09-88/039
Contract EPA-68-01-7047
Prepared in cooperation with Pechan (E.H.) and Asso-
ciates, Inc., Springfield, VA. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of
Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Due to this first attempt by EPA to examine the cumu-
lative effects of projected regulations on small busi-
nesses, some of which are in the early stages of devel-
opment, the findings of the study are best considered
as preliminary. The small business study focused on
nine industries likely to be adversely affected by the
regulations. The study found that tne costs may be
high for small businesses in three of the industries -
electroplating, wood preserving, and pesticide formu-
lating. If the costs for hazardous waste and toxic
chemical controls prove to be as high as estimated
and cannot be passed on to consumers, some small
businesses in these industries may be forced to dis-
continue operations or to close. Some small dry clean-
ers that have underground storage tanks or require
substantial perchlorethylene emissions controls may
have difficulty meeting the requirements. Gas stations,
trucking firms, and farm supply stores with leaking urv
derground storage tanks also may have difficulty.
Keywords: 'Regulations, 'Economic analysis, Com-
merce, Benefit cost analysis, Dry cleaning, Electroplat-
ing, Wood preservatives, Pesticides, Government poli-
cies, 'Environmental impact assessments, 'Small
businesses.
PB89-127872/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Agricultural Sector Study: Impacts of Environ-
mental Regulations on Agriculture. Final rept,
Development Planning and Research Associates, Inc.
Manhattan, KS.
T. Dinan, C. Simons, and R. Lloyd. Sep 88, 188d EPA/
230/09-88/040
Contract EPA-68-01-7047
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC. Office of Policy, Planning and Eval-
uation.
Due to this first attempt to examine the cumulative ef-
fects of projected regulations on agriculture, some of
which are in the early stages of development, the find-
ings of the study are best considered as preliminary.
The general findings of the report were that some spe-
cialty crops were more likely to experience serious ef-
fects than were major field crops, and the effects for all
farms were highly dependent upon the producer's geo-
graphical location, production practice, and initial fi-
nancial condition. For the few crop and livestock farms
examined, the loss in income and changes in debt to
asset ratios were small (less than 3% and 1 %, respec-
tively). For specialty crop farms, net returns per acre
did not change substantially for most examined regula-
tory scenarios. However, under some conditions
losses could be substantial for apple producers in New
York and Michigan, and tomato growers in Florida.
Keywords: 'Regulations, 'Economic analysis, 'Agri-
cultural economics, Benefit cost analysis, Commerce,
Government policies, 'Environmental impact asses*
ments.
PB89-128300/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Reckon 2);
Nascollte Corporation, New Jersey (First Remedi-
al Action), March 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Dec 87,106p EPA/ROD/R02-88/059
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Nascolite Corporation 17.5 acre site (over one-
half of which is wooded) located in the cities of MMville
and Vineland, Cumberland County, New Jersey, is In
an area zoned as residential and industrial. Several
homes exist near the site and rely on potable wells for
drinking water. Between 1953 and 1980, the NascoHte
Corporation manufactured polymethyl methacrylate
(MMA) sheets, commonly known as plexiglass. Waste
residues were stored in buried tanks onsite. Perfora-
tions in one of the tanks excavated indicated the possi-
bility of liquid waste leaking into the soils. In 1981and
1983, the New Jersey Department of Environmental
Protection sampled onsite and found ground water
with significant concentrations of VOCs. Over 100 fifty
five-gallon drums and several buried tanks were sub-
sequently removed by the property owner and by EPA
The primary contaminants of concern affecting both
ground water and soil include: VOCs, base/neutrals,
and MMA. The selected remedial actions for the site
are discussed. The estimated capital cost for this re-
medial action is $609,000 with annual O&M of
$266,000.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, 'Methacrv-
lates, Sites, Licenses, Regulations, Public health.
Water pollution, Groundwater, Soil analysis, Soliri
waste disposal, Cost analysis, Monitoring, "Remedial
actions, 'Superfund program, 'Land pollution abate!
ment, 'Solid waste management, *MilMlle(New
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Jersey), *Vineland(New Jersey), 'Liquid waste dispos-
al, 'US EPA, Volatile organic compounds(VOC).
PB89-128326/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Pristine, Ohio, December 1987. First Remedial
Action. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
31 Dec 87,75p EPA/ROD/R05-88/060
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
In 1974, Pristine, Inc. began liquid waste disposal op-
erations in the City of Reading (population 12,843), a
suburb of Cincinnati. In the spring of 1977, Pristine,
Inc. obtained a permit to operate a liquid waste inciner-
ator. In April 1979, as many as 8,000 to 10,000 drums
and several hundred thousand gallons of bulk liquids
were found onsite consisting of acids, solvents, piesti-
cktos, PCBs, and other chemicals. Disposal operations
were ordered to shut down in September 1981.
Wastes were subsequently removed. Subsequent
analyses indicated that over 90 toxic compounds were
In the soil, ground water, surface water, and sedi-
ments. The selected remedial actions for the site are
discussed.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Incinerators, 'Water
pollution abatement, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste
disposal, 'Site surveys, Sludge disposal, Solvents,
Pesticides, Sites, Regulations, Ground water, Soil
analysis. Cost analysis, Monitoring, Public health, Li-
mamaa ftAHimants. 'Lifluid waste diSDOfial 'RAmarlifll
PBM-128334/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
Odessa Chromium 1, Texas, March 1988. Second
Remedial Action. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
18 Mar 88.90p EPA/ROD/R06-88/026
See also PB89-128342 and PB87-188462.Portions of
this document are not fully legible.
The article is a superfund record of decision. The
Odessa Chromium I site consists of a series of chromi-
um contaminated wells within 300 acres. The article
described the situation of pollution in the wells and
ground water in the area due to plating, the selected
remedial action and estimated cost.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Water wells,
'Electroplating, Water supply. Chromium, Potable
water, Texas, Contaminants, 'Remedial action, Super-
fund, EPA region 6, Odessa(Texas), Point sources.
PB89-128342/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 8):
njaat- Chromium 2, Texas, March 1988. Second
Remedial Action. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
TaMaraS, 81 p EPA/ROD/R06-88/027
See also PB89-128334 and PB87-189916.
The article is a superfund record of decision. The
Odessa Chromium II site consists of a series of chro-
mium contaminated wells within 200 areas. The article
described the situation of pollution in the wells and
around water in the area due to utilizing chromium in
the cooling system, the selected remedial action, and
estimated cost.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Water wells,
'Cooling water, Ground water, Hazardous materials,
dimmitim, Potable water, Contaminants, Texas, Su-
perfund, Odessa Chromium li(Texas).
p(69-128359/HSU
PC A03/MF A01
_ Record of Decision (EPA Region 8):
_	nd Products, Arkansas, March 1988. First
Actjon<
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
24lDtar88,3Bp EPA/ROD/H06-88/028
Between 1969 and 1S70, Old Midland Products was in
ooeratton treating wood with creosote. Effluents con-
taHno pentachlorophenol (PCP) and polynuclear aro-
metie compounds were discharged into lagoons via a
jininennir discharge pipe. Approximately 9,000 to
21000cu yd of soil, 850 cu yd of drainage sediments,
4*0.000 gallons of ground water, 620,000 gallons of
lagoon Mds, and 2,770 cu yd of lagoon sludges are
contaminated with PCP and polynuclear aromatic hy-
drocarbons. The selected remedial action for this site
includes: onsite thermal destruction of the contaminat-
ed surface soils, lagoon sludges, and drainageway
sediments with onsite disposal of waste residuals and
a vegetated cover; and ground water pump and treat-
ment using carbon adsorption. Cost estimates for
these actions have not yet been fully developed and
recovery enforcement action will be pursued at a later
date.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, 'Water pollution
abatement, 'Creosote, Lagoons(Ponds), Wood pre-
servatives, Sites, Licenses, Regulations, Public health.
Ground water, Soil analysis, Cost analysis, Monitoring,
Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, 'Remedial actions,
'Superfund program, 'Liquid waste disposal, 'Yell
County(Arkansas), 'US EPA.
PB89-128387/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 8):
Sol Lynn, Texas, March 1988. First Remedial
Action.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
25 Mar 88,67p EPA/ROD/R06-88/029
The Sol Lynn site, also known as Industrial Transform-
ers site, is located in Houston, Texas. During the fall of
1971, the City of Houston Water Pollution Control Divi-
sion noted that workers at Industrial Transformers
poured oil out of electrical transformers onto the
ground during transformer dismantling. In 1981, strong
odors originated from the site. Upon inspection, ap-
proximately 75 drums were found scattered about the
property. Most were labeled as trichloroethylene, were
empty and had puncture holes. A technical assess-
ment of the site in 1986 indicated the presence of PCS
contamination confined to the top two feet of soil. The
selected remedial actions for this site are delineated.
The estimated present worth cost for the remedial
action is $2,200,000.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Insulating oil, 'Transformers,
'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials, 'Site sur-
veys, Sites, Licenses, Regulations, Public health, Halo-
hydrocarbons, Soil analysis, Cost analysis. Monitoring,
'Remedial actions, 'Superfund program, 'Land pollu-
tion abatement, 'Liquid waste disposal,
*Houston(Texas), *US EPA.
PB89-128375/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 7Y.
Cherokee County/Galena, Kansas, December
1987. First Remedial Action.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
21 Dec 87,42p EPA/ROD/R07-88/010
The Galena subsite (Cherokee County, Kansas) is
characterized by surface mining waste features that
impact the quality of the shallow ground water aquifer
which serves as a primary source of drinking water for
approximately 1,050 people. Remains from past
mining activity at the subsite include: large areas cov-
ered by mine and mill wastes, water-filled subsidence
craters, and open mine shafts. EPA investigations
demonstrated that the shallow ground water aquifer
and surface water are contaminated with elevated
concentrations of metals. EPA Region VII conducted a
removal action and installed water treatment units on
these wells, considered as a temporary protective
measure. The primary contaminants of concern ob-
served in the private wells include: cadmium, lead, se-
lenium, and zinc. The selected remedial actions for this
site are discussed.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, 'Heavy
metal excretion. Sites, Licenses, Regulations, Public
health, Water pollution. Ground water, Potable water,
Cost analysis, Monitoring, Water pollution abatement,
Cadmium, Lead, Selenium, Zinc, 'Mine wastes, 'Re-
medial actions, 'Superfund program, 'Cherokee
County(Kansas), 'US EPA, Mine drainage.
PB89-128383/H8U	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region ty.
Central City/Clew Creek, Colorado, March 1988.
Second Remedial Action.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
31 Mar 88,80p EPA/ROD/R08-88/019
The Clear Creek/Central City site consists primarily of
acid mine drainages and adjacent milling and mining
wastes. Acid mine drainage and runoff nave affected
downstream surface water quality. The primary con-
taminants of concern for human receptors in surface
water include aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, chromium
(IV), lead, manganese, nickel, and silver for aquatic re-
ceptors, copper, fluoride, and zinc are of concern.
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, 'Industrial
wastes, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site
surveys, 'Mining, Sites, Licenses, Regulations, Public
health, Heavy metal excretion, Ground water, Cost
analysis, Monitoring, 'Mine acid drainage, 'Remedial
actions, 'Superfund program, 'Clear Creek
County(Colorado), 'Gilpin County(Colorado), 'US
EPA.
PB89-128391 /HSU
PC A03/MF A81
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9k
Operating Industries, California, November 1987.
Second Remedial Action.
Environmental Protection
16 Nov 87,
antal Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
, 45p EPA/ROD/R09-88/017
Over its 36-year life span, the Operating Industries,
Inc. (Oil) landfill has accepted several types of waste.
In 1979, Getty Synthetic Fuels, Inc. (GSF) extracted
gas from the landfill for processing and sale. After sev-
eral permitting denials, GSF abandoned the gas ex-
traction operations in 1987, which were taken over by
EPA. Both landfill gas and leachate are generated by
the Oil site. Since October 1984, collected leachate
has been stored onsite in tanks and transported to a
permitted offsite treatment facility. Approximately
10,000 gallons of leachate will be collected before im-
plementation of a final site remedy. The leachate con-
tains VOCs including: benzene, TCE, toluene, and
vinyl chloride. Remedial action for this site is dis-
cussed.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys. Gas pro-
duction, Sites, Licenses, Regulations, Pubftc health.
Solid waste disposal, Cost analysis, Monitoring, 'Re-
medial actions, 'Liquid waste disposal, 'Superfund
program, 'Solid waste management, 'Monterey
ParS(California), *Montebello(California), 'Land pollu-
tion abatement, 'US EPA.
PB89-128409/HSU PC AOS/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 10):
Frontier Hard Chrome, Washington, December
1987. First Remedial Action.		
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Dec 87,167p EPA/ROD7R10-88/012
The Frontier Hard Chrome (FHC) site has primarily
been occupied by two businesses engaged in the
chrome plating industry. In 1975. the City of Vancouver
determined that chromium in wastewater was upset-
ting the operation of its new secondary treatment
system, and ordered a halt to cease discharges to the
sewer system until a treatment system was installed to
remove chromium from their waste. At that time, FHC
began discharge of their untreated plating wastes to a
drywell behind the facility. In 1976, FHC was given a
waste water disposal permit for discharge to the
drywell by the Washington Department of Ecology.
The permit also contained a schedule for completion
of a treatment system for their wastes. In 1982, FHC
was found to be in violation of the Dangerous Waste
Act for the Illegal disposal for hazardous wastes, and
was ordered to stop discharge of chromium plating
wastes to the drywell.Chromium was found in the
ground water at more than twice the drinking water
standards, and in soil and FHC building structures. The
selected remedial actions for this site are delineated.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Chromium
coatings. Plating, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste dto-
pos®1. &te surveys, Sites, Licenses, Regulations,
Wastewater, Water treatment W*Mr
pollution abatement, Cost analysis. Monitoring, Sod
analysis, 'Remedial actions. 'Superfund program,
EP/l waste di8posal"vancouvsr(WashinO»n) 'US
PB89-128540/HSU	PC EH/MF EM
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act)
Facility Investigation 9RFI) Guidance.
NUS Corp., Gaithersburg, MD.
Jul 87,1024p-in 4v
Set includes PB89-128557 through PB89-128581.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
A four-volume report provides guidance to owners and
operators of hazardous waste management facilities
concerning the second phase of the EPA RCRA Cor-
rective Action Program, viz., the RCRA Facility Investi-
gation (RFI). Guidance is provided for conducting an
RFI, based on pollutant release determinations made
by the regulatory agency, covering soil, surface water,
ground water, subsurface water, and air. Volume I
covers the rationale, general strategy, and procedures
for developing a plan for conducting an RFI, and de-
scribes how data collecting in an RFI will be interpret-
ed by the regulatory agency; Volumes II and III de-
scribe media-specific methods for conducting an RFI;
Volume IV presents case studies to illustrate various
aspects of the RFI process.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal, In-
dustrial wastes, Guidelines, Regulations, Municipali-
ties, Ground water, Water pollution abatement, 'Solid
waste management, 'Hazardous materials handling,
'Remedial actions, Land pollution abatement, Path of
pollutants.
PB89-128557/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act)
Facility Investigation (RFI) Guidance. Volume 1.
Development of an RFI Work Plan and General
Considerations for RCRA Facility Investigations.
Draft rept.
NUS Corp., Gaithersburg, MD.
Jul 87,270p EPA/530/SW-87/001A
Contracts EPA-68-01-7310, EPA-68-01-6871
See also Volume 2, PB89-128565. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office
of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB89-
128S40.
The document, presented in four volumes, provides
guidance to owners or operators of hazardous waste
management facilities as to the conduct of the second
phase ot the RCRA Corrective Action Program, the
RCRA Facility Investigation (RFI). The document pro-
vides such owners or operators with guidance on con-
ducting a RFI, based on release determinations made
by the regulatory agency. The owner or operator of a
facility is notified, through an enforcement order or
permit conditions, of those unit(s) and releases (known
or suspected) which must be further investigated.
Media of concern include: soil, ground water, subsur-
face gas, air, and surface water, volume I presents the
procedures and rationale that should be used to devel-
op a work plan for conducting the investigation, a gen-
eral strategy for release investigations, other aspects
of the investigation, and the means by which the data
collected during the RFI will be interpreted by the regu-
latory agency. Volumes II and III describe media-spe-
cific methods for conducting an RFI. Volume IV pre-
sents case study illustrations of various aspects of the
RFI process.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal, In-
dustrial wastes, Guidelines, Regulations, Municipali-
ties, Ground water, Water pollution abatement, 'Solid
waste management, 'Hazardous materials handling,
'Remedial actions, Land pollution abatement, Path of
pollutants.
PB89-128565/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act)
Facility Investigation (RFI) Guidance. Volume 2.
Soil, Ground Water and Subsurface Gas Releases.
Draft rept.
NUS Corp., Gaithersburg, MD.
Jul 87,289p EPA/530/SW-87/001B
Contracts EPA-68-01-7310, EPA-68-01-6871
See also Volume 1, PB89-128557 and Volume 3,
PB89-128573. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington DC. Office of SoliflI Waste
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, rBB9
128540.
The document, presented in four volumes, is intended
to assist Regional and State personnel in exercising
the discretion conferred by regulation in developing re-
quirements for the conduct of RCRA Facility Investiga-
tions pursuant to 40 CFR 264. Instruction is provided
for the development and performance of an investiga-
tion based on determinations made by the regulatory
agency as expressed in the schedule of a permit or in
an enforcement order issued under HSWA Section
3008(h). The purpose of the RFI is to obtain informa-
tion for fully characterizing the nature and extent ot re-
leases of hazardous waste or its constituents; this in-
formation will be used to determine whether interim
corrective measures or a Corrective Measures Study
will be necessary.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal, In-
dustrial wastes, Guidelines, Regulations, Municipali-
ties, Ground water, Water pollution abatement, 'Solid
waste management, 'Hazardous materials handling,
'Remedial actions, Land pollution abatement, Path of
pollutants.
PB89-128573/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act)
Facility Investigation (RFI) Guidance. Volume 3.
Air and Surface Water Releaaes. Draft rept.
NUS Corp., Gaithersburg, MD.
Jul 87, 228p EPA-530/SW-87/001C
Contracts EPA-68-01-7310, EPA-68-01-6871
See also Volume 2, PB89-128565 and Volume 4,
PB89-128581. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB-128540.
The document, presented in four volumes, is intended
to assist Regional and State personnel in exercising
the discretion conferred by regulation in developing re-
quirements for the conduct of RCRA Facility Investiga-
tions, pursuant to 40 CFR 264. Conformance with this
guidance is expected to result in the development of
RFIs that meet the regulatory standard of adequately
detecting and characterizing the nature and extent of
releases. The document is not a regulation, and should
not be used as such. Regional and State personnel
must exercise their discretion in using the guidance
document as well as other relevant information, in de-
termining whether an RFI meets the regulatory stand-
ard.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal, In-
dustrial wastes, Guidelines, Regulations, Municipali-
ties, Ground water, Water pollution abatement, 'Solid
waste management, 'Hazardous materials handling,
'Remedial actions, Land pollution abatement, Path of
pollutants.
PB89-128581/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act)
Facility Inveatigatlon (RFI) Guidance. Volume 4.
Case Study Examples. Draft rept.
NUS Corp., Gaithersburg, MD.
Jul 87,237p EPA/530/SW-87/001D
Contracts EPA-68-01-7310, EPA-68-01-6871
See also Volume 3, PB89-128573. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office
of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB89-
128540.
The document, presented in four volumes, provides
guidance to owners or operators of hazardous waste
management facilities as to the conduct of the second
phase of the RCRA Corrective Action Program, the
RCRA Facility Investigation (RFI). Volume IV of the
RCRA Facility Investigation Guidance contains case
studies selected to illustrate various concepts and pro-
cedures described in Volumes I, II, and III. These case
studies are provided to explain, through example, how
various tasks can be conducted during RFIs. The case
studies also identify some of the potential problems
that can occur if the RFI sampling and analytical prob-
lems are not carefully designed and executed. The
case studies, however, should not be used as the pri-
mary source of guidance for RFI program design and
conduct. Volumes I, II, and III should be consulted.
Most of the case studies are based on actual sites. In
some cases, existing data have been supplemented
with hypothetical data to Illustrate a particular point.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal, In-
dustrial wastes, Guidelines, Regulations, Municipali-
ties, Ground water, Water pollution abatement, 'Solid
waste management, 'Hazardous materials handling,
'Remedial actions, Land pollution abatement, Path of
pollutants.
PB89-128631/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors.
Volume 1. Stationary Point and Area Sources,
Fourth Edition. Supplement B.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sep 88,173p AP-42-SUPPL-B
See also PB86-124906.
In the supplement to the Fourth Edition of AP-42, new
or revised emissions data are presented for Bitumi-
nous And Subbituminous Coal Combustion; Anthracite
Coal Combustion; Residential Wood Stoves; Waste OH
Combustion; Refuse Combustion; Sewage Sludge In-
cineration; Surface Coating; Polyester Resin Plastics
Product Fabrication; Soap and Detergents; Grain Ele-
vators and Processing Plants; Lime Manufacturing;
Crushed Stone Processing; Western Surface Coal
Mining; Wildfires and Prescribed Burning; Unpaved
Roads; Aggregate Handling And Storage Piles; Indus-
trial Paved Roads; Industrial Wind Erosion; and Appen-
dix C.3, 'Silt Analysis Procedures'.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Industrial wastes, Emission,
Exhaust emissions, Combustion products, Chemical
industry, Residential buildings, Minerals, Wood prod-
ucts, Food industry, Petroleum industry, Evaporation
control, 'Emission factors, Stationary sources. Open
burning, Point sources.
PB89-128979/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstration of Pesticide
Products Containing Metalaxyt as the Active In-
fredlent.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 88,135p EPA/540/RS-88/117
See also PB89-128987.Portk>ns of this document are
not fully legible.
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of date requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Fungicides, Regulations,
Standards, Requirements, Labels, Hazards, Public
health, Environment protection, Toxicity, Registration
Standards Program, Metalaxyl, Ridomil, Subdue,
Apron, Proturf, N-Dimethylphenyl-N-methoxyacetyl al-
anine methyl ester.
PB89-128987/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 156.1: Metalaxyl.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 88,10p EPA/540/FS-88/116
See also PB88-213855, and PB89-128979.
The document contains up-to-date chemical Informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred: (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard; (2) Issuance of each
special review document; (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern; (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials. Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Fun.
gicides, Toxic Tolerances, Standards, Exposure
*Toxlc substances, 'Metalaxyl, Alanine/(N-Dim«thuI
phenyl-N-Methoxyacetyl)-Methyl ester, Chemical Inter,
mation fact sheet, Environmental fate. Path of ooHut.
ants, Use patterns, CAS 57837-19-1, Science findings.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB89-128996/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistratlon of Pesticide
Product* Containing Sulfotepp as the Active In-
gredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 88,100p EPA/540/RS-88/086
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The guidance document contains information regard-
ing the registration of pesticide products containing the
subject active ingredient. The document includes how
to register under a registration standard, regulatory po-
sition and rationale, and summaries of date require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides, Standards,
Guidelines, Genetics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous
materials, Agricultural products, Public health, Regula-
tions, Ecology, Manufacturing, Toxicity, 'Reregistra-
tion, 'Toxic substances, 'Sulfotepp, Federal Insecti-
cide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, CAS 3689-24-5,
US EPA.
PB89-12S001/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Pesticide
Fact Sheete-SULFOTEPP No. 185.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 88,9p E PA/540/ FS-88/085
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Organophosphates, Hazard-
ous materials, Chemical properties, Regulations, Toxi-
cology, Ecology, Insecticides, Acaricides, Toxic toler-
ances, Standards, Exposure, 'Toxic substances, 'Sul-
fotepp, Pyrophospho acid/cllthio-tetraethyl ester,
Chemical information fact sheet, Use patterns, Formu-
tions, Science findings, CAS 3689-24-5, Path of pollut-
ants, Environmental 7ate.
PB89-129019/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Estimating Air Toxics Emissions from Organic
Liquid Storage Tank*. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Cary, NC.
P. Murphy. Oct 88,121p EPA/450/4-88/004
Contract EPA-68-02-4395
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
To assist groups interested in inventorying air emis-
sions of potentially toxic substances, EPA is preparing
a series of documents that compiles available informa-
tion on sources and emissions of toxic substances.
The document deals specifically with methods to esti-
mate air toxics emissions from organic liquid storage
tanks. Its intended audience includes Federal, State,
and local air pollution personnel and others interested
in making estimates of toxic air pollutants emitted from
organic liquid storage tanks. The document presents
equations for estimating air toxics emissions from or-
ganic liquid storage tanks and demonstrates through
examples how to use the equations. Information is also
provided on storage tanks typically associated with
source categories.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Air pollution,
'Emission, Sources, Storage tanks, Estimates, Equa-
tions, 'Toxic substances, volatile organic compounds.
PBM-12S027/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Multiple Air Toxics Exposure Study Working
Paper Number 3. Urban Air Toxics Exposure
Model: Development and Application.
South Coast Air Quality Management District, Ei
Monte, CA.
Nov 88,127p EPA/450/4-88/013
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The South Coast Air Quality Management District of
California has completed a Multiple Air Toxics Expo-
sure Study (MATES) which examines the additive risk
from a number of air toxics on an urban area. The
project, though partially funded by EPA, is an example
of how a State or local agency may approach assess-
ing their local air toxics risks as is encouraged by
EPA's Urban Air Toxics Program which results from
EPA's Air Toxic Strategy. The report is a summary of
the methods used by the California agency. Though
not intended as an endorsement of the entire contents
of the report, EPA is reproducing their report (working
paper number 3) to benefit and encourage other agen-
cies which may be contemplating such an assess-
ment.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Contaminants, Sources, Ex-
posure, Emission, Urban areas, Atmospheric models,
Regulations,	ConcentrationfComposition),
Tables(Data), California, Carcinogens, 'Environmental
impact assessments, 'Risk assessment, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Environmental health.
PB89-129035/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Laboratory Biotechnol-
ogy Research Program: An Overview Summary,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
L. D. Claxton, S. E. George, and C. Y. Kawanishi. Nov
88,12p* EPA/600/D-88/255
The present Health Effects Research Laboratory
(HERL) biotechnology program is an outgrowth of pre-
viously existing programs in microbial pesticide re-
search and genetic toxicology research. In order to
meet the recommendation issued during the Coolfont
Conference, HERL presently maintains this inter-divi-
sional program which supplies support to OPP, OTS,
and OSW program offices. Since Coolfont, the EPA
has been given an expanded regulatory role for bio-
technology organisms and products. HERL Is now de-
termining how to expand its efforts in support of bio-
technology health effects research. HERL could
expand its biotechnology research in other existing
HERL efforts such as immunology, inhalation toxicol-
ogy, developmental toxicology, and/or neurobiology.
Expansions in existing biotechnology efforts are also
potentially possible. For example, the Genetic Bioas-
say Branch has the expertise with ambient sampling to
expand Into biological exposure methodologies. HERL
feels that any redirection and/or expansion must be
done on a scientifically sound basis, that the efforts
should support the short and long range needs of the
program offices.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Genetics, Biocides, Pesti-
cides, Research projects, Bioassay, Risk, Hazards,
'Biotechnology, 'Environmental impacts, 'Health Ef-
fects Research Laboratory, US EPA, Health risks.
PB89-129043/H8U	PC A02/MF A01
CorvaIHa Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Method for the Selection of Reference Wetlands.
Symposium paper,
Northrop Services, Inc./Environmental Sciences, Cor-
vallis, Oh.
S. Henderson, A. B. Allen, B. Abbruzzese, M. E.
Kentula, and R. M. Hughes. Nov 88,7p EPA/600/D-
88/254
Presented at the Eighth Annual Meeting of the Society
of Wetland Scientists, Seattle, Washington, May 26-
29, 1987. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
Preference wetlands can be used to estimate the natu-
ral variability of wetland characteristics in a region.
Naturally-occurring wetlands are selected for compari-
son with created and restored wetlands in the same
ecoregion. The selection procedure has four steps.
They are: (1) define the study area; (2) characterize the
parent population; (3) take a random sample from a list
frame; and (4) verify the appropriateness of the refer-
ence sites. The creation or restoration of wetlands is
often required as compensation for wetland losses
permitted under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act.
Pilot studies were conducted in the summer of 1987 to
test an evaluation method for created and restored
wetlands within an ecological spatial framework, i.e.,
ecoregions. Reference sites, representative of the
wetland type and landscape of created and restored
wetlands, were randomly selected within an ecoregion
for comparison.
Keywords: 'Land reclamation, Land use, Standards,
Regulations, Compensation, Evaluation, Sampling,
Design criteria, 'Wetlands, Land pollution abatement,
Remedial actions, Water pollution efforts, Terrestrial
ecosystems.
PB89-129050/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pulmonary Function Studies In the Rat Address-
ing Concentration versus Time Relationships of
Ozone (03),
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D. L. Costa, G. E. Hatch, J. Highflil, M. A. Stevens, and
J. S. Tepper. Nov 88,13p EPA/600/D-88/256
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Recent data from human studies suggest that the cur-
rent 1 hr National Ambient Air Quality Standard
(NAAQS) for 03 may not be appropriate for exposures
of several hours. Animal studies are being used to fur-
ther investigate this issue. A polynomial model has
been developed to depict lung injury from the interac-
tion of 03 concentration (C) and exposure duration (T).
The model was derived from lung fluid protein values in
rats exposed in a matrix design to 0.1 to 0.8 ppm 03
for 2, 4, or 8 hrs. Airway dysfunction was correlated
only at the highest CxT products. Rats, exposed to 0.5
or 6.8 ppm 03 for 2 or 7 hours with intermittent 8%
C02 to augment ventilation, were evaluated with static
and dynamic lung function tests. Protein leakage into
the airspace was also assessed. Although, the impact
of T on 03 toxicity appeared to be C-dependent, loss
of function was not necessarily linear. Collectively,
studies provide a preliminary basis for the evaluation of
duration of exposure on the pulmonary response to
03.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Ozone, 'Toxicity, 'Lung,
Respiratory function tests, Exposure, Laboratory ani-
mals, Respiration, Time, ConcentrationfComposition).
PB89-129068/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
In vivo and In vitro Intestinal Survival and Compe-
tition of Environmental 'Peeudomonaa' Species,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
S. E. George, M. J. Kohan, D. B. Walsh, G. M. Nelson,
and D. A. Whitehouse. Nov 88,11p EPA/600/D-88/
257
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Health
Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park,
NC.
The main objective of the work is to evaluate various
mutant and recombinant microorganisms and/or their
metabolites and identify any adverse effects they
could have on human health. One of the primary fo-
cuses is to develop new methods and to improve exist-
ing methods for monitoring exposure to engineered
bacterial strains and/or genotoxic metabolites gener-
ated by these organisms. Several areas of research
are being pursued. They include (1) competition and
survival of mutant microorganisms, (2) the identifica-
tion and effects of toxic metabolites produced by
mutant or recombinant microorganism biodegradation
products and the associated toxicity, (4) genetic trans-
fer capabilities and mechanisms of interest to the mi-
crobial gut inhabitants, and (5) expression within intes-
tinal flora of genes transferred from the mutant or re-
combinant microorganisms of interest In general, the
Pseudomonas spp. were poor competitors in the
mouse intestinal tract Even though their numbers de-
creased significantly over the test period, some of the
strains were still recoverable 14 days after dosing. In
vitro results are similar.
Keywords: 'Pseudomonas, 'Genetic intervention,
'Bacterial genetics, 'Intestines, 'Toxicity, Laboratory
animals, Selection(Genetlc8), Mutations, Metabolism,
Transfection.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB89-129076/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Wood-Degrading Fungi as Degraders of Hazard-
ous Waste,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
J. A. Glaser. Nov 88,9p EPA/600/D-88/258
The biological detoxification of hazardous waste is
largely an underdeveloped technology. Bacterial spe-
cies are known to possess a variety of detoxification
skills, apparently associated with the need to survive.
Single bacterial species may not have the ability to
convert a toxicant to carbon dioxide and water. With
the use of bacterial communities, there is the feature
that each species of the consortium plays a role in the
overall degradation of the waste with the inadequacies
of one covered by the abilities of another. The stability
of such consortia is of some concern since there may
be environmental effects that permit the selection of
certain members over others resulting in the loss or
slowing of the degradation process. The use of fungi to
degrade waste materials has not been investigated to
any extent until recently. From the perspective of
sewage treatment, filamentous fungi were to be avoid-
ed due to processing problems and in some cases
fungi found In sewage can be pathogenic.
Keywords: 'Wood, "Hazardous materials, 'Basidiomy-
cetes, 'Degradation, Fungi, Detoxification, Stability,
Wastes, Sewage treatment, Carbon dioxide, "Phaner-
ochaete chrysosporium.
PB89-129084/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
In vitro Competition of Natural 'Autographs Call-
fornlea' Nuclear Polyhedrosls Virus and a Recom-
binant Expressing a Polyhedrin-Beta Galactosld-
ase Fusion Protein,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. Y. Kawanishi, Y. S. Huang, K. L. Bobseine, and W.
Setzer. Nov 88,9p EPA/600/D-88/259
The paper describes results of experiments conducted
to investigate the kinetics of in vitro competition be-
tween natural progenitor Autoqrapha californica (Acv
E-2) and the recombinant Ac360-Bgal virus strains.
The following conclusions can be drawn from the anal-
ysis: Selection pressure appeared to be fairly constant
throughout the experiment: Selection was virtually uni-
directional in favor of the natural strain regardless of
the starting ratio, and consequently, the natural strain
eventually predominated; The observed high frequen-
cy of mixed phenotype plaques appear to be influ-
enced by some combinational phenomenon other than
recombination at the DNA level; and The frequency of
mixed phenotype plaques are also affected by pas-
sage. All evidence in the experiment points toward a
disfavored recombinant genotype which appears not
to be capable of competing effectively in vitro. The
data present information that can be utilized as a basis
for assessing the potential health effects of baculo-
viru8 expression vectors.
Keywords: 'Polyhedrosis viruses, 'Recombinant pro-
teins, Genetic intervention, Selection(Genetics), Ge-
netic recombination, Genetic vectors, 'Autographa ca-
lifornica.
MSSfBLg Systems UhfE^VeK
aSMr&Str'n Floridaa""QuanHty"
Management.
R. C. Herndon, J. E. Moerllns, E. B. Jones, V. W
Lambou, and J. D. Koutsandreas. Nov 88, 36d EPA/
600/4-88/038	p
Grant EPA-R-813151
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.	'
Data are presented on the production and manage-
ment of hazardous waste by approximately 20,000
small-quantity hazardous-waste generators
(SQHWGs) in the state of Florida. SQHWGs are gen-
erators that produce less than 1,000 kilograms of naz-
ardous-waste in a calendar month. These data were
collected as part of the Florida Local-Government
Hazardous-Waste Assessment Program and made
available to us for analysis. There were approximately
117,000 metric tons of small-quantity-generator (SQG)
hazardous waste produced annually. Approximately
half of this hazardous waste is managed using the fol-
lowing methods: recycling, treatment, and disposal in
permitted hazardous-waste-management facilities.
However, large quantities of the SQG hazardous
waste are disposed of in sanitary landfills and dis-
charged to public sewers and these facilities are typi-
cally not designed to handle hazardous waste.
Keywords: 'Production, 'Hazardous materials, 'Man-
agement, 'Florida, Solid waste disposal. Industrial
waste treatment. Sanitary engineering, Earthfills,
Sewers, Public health, Local government, Tables, Re-
cycling.
PB89-129100/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Development of a Capillary Wick Unsaturated
Zone Pore Water Sampler. Final rept. Aug 85-Jan
87,
Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Sta-
tion.
K. W. Brown, J. C. Thomas, and M. W. Holder. Jan 88,
117p EPA/600/4-88/001
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Existing unsaturated zone soil water samplers have
several deficiencies which jeopardize their utility for
field sampling. A capillary wick sampler was developed
to overcome these problems. Materials for its con-
struction were selected and tested for conductivity,
capillary rise, and chemical inertness. Breakthrough
curves for selected inorganic ions and organic chemi-
cals were established in the laboratory. No adsorp-
tion/desorption of these chemicals was found for the
capillary wick sampler, the suction cup sampler, and
the pan sampler. Banks of 8 capillary wick samplers
were installed in test plots of undisturbed soils having
sand, silt loam and clay textures. The data were used
to determine the number of samplers required to char-
acterize the flow of contaminants resulting from a uni-
form application to the soil surface. These results indi-
cated that, to achieve 95% confidence, 31 samplers
would be required in sandy soil, 6 in silt loam soil and 2
in clay soil.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Soil water, 'Samplers,
'Sampling, Tables(Data), Chemical analysis, Collect-
ing methods, Field tests, Clay soils, Silts, Sands,
'Volatile organic compounds(VOC), 'Inorganic com-
pounds.
PB89-129118/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effects of Temperature and Redox Conditions on
Degradation of Chlorinated Phenols In Freshwater
Sediments,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
J. E. Rogers, G. W. Kohring, and J. Wiegel. Nov 88,
23p EPA/600/3-88/048
Prepared in cooperation with Georgia Univ., Athens.
The effect of temperature and redox conditions on the
anaerobic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-
DCP) was investigated in anaerobic sediment slurries,
prepared from local freshwater pond sediments. Under
methanogenic conditions, 2,4-DCP dechlorination oc-
curred in the temperature range between 5 and SO C.
Although dechlorination was not observed above 50 C,
anaerobic bacterial activity was indicated by methane
formation up to 60 C. In sediment samples from two
sites and at all temperatures from 5 to 50 C, 2,4-DCP
was transformed to 4-chlorophenol (4-CP). The 4-CP
intermediate was subsequently degraded after an ex-
tended lag period. Adaptation periods for 2,4-DCP
transformation decreased between 5 and 25 C, were
essentially constant between 25 and 35 C, and in-
creased between 35 and 40 C. Degradation rates in-
creased exponentially between 15 and 30 C, had a
second peak at 35 C, and decreased to about 5% of
the peak activity by 40 C. In one sediment sample, an
increase in degradation rates was observed following
the minimum at 40 C, suggesting that at least two dif-
ferent organisms were involved in the 2,4-DCP dech-
lorination. Storage of the original sediment slurries for
2 months at 12 C resulted in increased adaptation
times but did not affect the degradation rates.
Keywords: 'Anaerobic processes, 'Chemical
removal(Sewage treatment), Degradation, Anaerobic
bacteria, Fresh water, Temperature, Methane, Sedi-
ments, Slurries, Samples, Dechlorination, 'Chlorinated
phenols, 'Anaerobic digestion, Dichlorophenols, Oxi-
dation reduction reactions.
PB89-129126/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Further Development of a Mammalian DNA Alka-
line Unwinding Bloassay with Potential Applica-
tion to Hazard Identification for Contaminants
from Environmental Samples,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
F. B. Daniel, L. W. Chang, K. M. Schenck, A. B.
DeAngelo, and M. F. Skelly. Nov 88,34p EPA/600/D-
88/204
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Health
Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park,
NC.
Recently, the authors detailed a DNA alkaline unwind-
ing assay (DAUA) that can be used to rapidly measure
chemically induced strand breaks In mammalian cells.
Further developments of the assay include: studies on
the relationship between DNA adducts and DNA
strand breaks: evaluation of the role of cytotoxicity in
DNA strand breaks; and application of the DAUA to
cell preparations from the liver of mice dosed with
methylating agents. The level of DNA adducts pro-
duced in human CCRF-CEM cells by treatment with
benzo(a)pyrene diol-epoxide (BPDE), N-acetoxy-2-
acetyl aminofluorene (AAAF) and various methylating
agents was linear with concentration over several
orders of magnitude. Likewise, the level of strand
breaks increased with the concentration over the
same dose range. The strand breaks/adduct ratio
ranged from 0.05 for the methyl adducts to 0.001 tor
the BPDE adducts. Using these values and the inher-
ent sensitivity of the DAUA (circa 100 to 1000 breaks/
cell, the ability of the assay to detect DNA damage in-
duced by various classes of chemical carcinogens can
be calculated. The DAUA can be conducted on cells
isolated from target organs of whole animals.
Keywords: 'Mutagenicity tests, 'Carcinogens, *DNA
damage, 'Hazardous materials, Cells(BioToqy), Labo-
ratory animals, Concentration(Composition), Bioassay,
Toxicology.
PB89-129159/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Area Source Estimates tor the 1985 NAPAP (Na-
tional Acid Precipitation Assessment Program)
Emissions Inventory,
Alliance Technologies Corp., Chapel Hill, NC.
J. L. Demmy, C. O. Mann, and D. A. Pahl. Nov 88,19p
EPA/600/D-88/260
Contract EPA-68-02-4274
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper discusses the revised area source method-
ologies used by the National Acid Precipitation As-
sessment Program (NAPAP) and EPA's Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) to generate
the emissions estimates found in the 1985 NAPAP
Emissions Inventory. The information may be useful to
inventory participants, users, and those affected by
regulations which may have resulted from information
contained in the inventory. It includes an overview of
estimation procedures for stationary, mobile, and mis-
cellaneous area source categories. In addition, a mora
detailed description of the estimation procedures, In-
cluding general assumptions and references used to
obtain input data, is presented for new and revised
area sources.
Keywords: *Precipitation(Meteorology), 'Acidification,
'Emission, Exhaust gases, Combustion products, De-
mographic surveys, United States, Reviews, Air pollu-
tion control. Inventories, Investigations, Field test*,
Study estimates, 'Acid precipitation, "Stationary
sources, 'Nonpoint sources.
PB89-129373/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
US. Environmental Protection Agency's Strategy
for Ground Water Quality Monitoring at Hazaro-
ous Waste Land Disposal Facilities Located In
Karat Terrenes,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
M. S. Field. Nov 88,10p EPA/600/D-88/241
Ground water monitoring of hazardous waste land dis-
posal units by a network of wells is ineffective when lo-
cated in karstic terrenes. The U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency (EPA) is currently proposing to modify
its current ground water quality monitoring requirement
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
of one upgradient well and three downgradient wells
for disposal units located in karstic terranes. The con-
vergent nature of subsurface flow to cave streams in
karstic terranes requires that effective monitoring wells
intercept the cave streams. Wells located around a
hazardous waste disposal unit, but not in the specific
cave stream draining the site, are only providing irrele-
vant data and a false sense of security because the
water samples from such wells are not necessarily
from the hazardous waste disposal unit. A case study
is provided in the paper. EPA is drafting a guidance
document that will allow monitoring by wdls, only if the
up and downgradient wells can be demonstrated to be
ftydraulically connected by means of dye-trace stud-
ies. If not, then the monitoring of springs shown to be
hydraulically connected to the facility by dye-tracing
studies would be required. Monitoring for sinkhole de-
velopment will also be required to provide advance
warning of sinkhole collapse. The investigation and de-
termination of the probability of sinkhole collapse will
be given special treatment.
Keywords: Waste disposal, Water wells, Ground water,
Guidance, Hazardous materials, Karst, 'Water pollu-
tion detection, 'Environmental monitoring, "Solid
waste disposal, 'Water pollution sampling, Dye-trac-
ing, Monitoring wells, Water quality data.
PB89-129381/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Decontamination of Structure* and Debris at Su-
perfund Sites,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
M. L Taylor. Nov 88,27p EPA/600/D-88/243
Contract EPA-68-03-3413
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
Two building decontamination technologies were dem-
onstrated and evaluated: a method for in situ degrada-
tion of PCB's requiring application of an alkali metal/
polyethylene glycolate mixture directly on concrete
surfaces; and a shotblaeting technique using steel
shot to cut away concrete surfaces. Costs of large-
scale implementation of each of the two techniques
were calculated and compared.
Keywords: 'Decontamination, 'Concrete slabs, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Buildings, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Halohydrocarbons, 'Hazardous waste sites,
'Cleanup operations, Remedial actions.
PMM29399/HSU	pc A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Treatabil-
ity Database,
Radian Corp., Milwaukee, Wl.
S. A. Hansen, C. Crosby, and K. A. Dostal. Nov 88,15p
EPA/600/D-88/244
Contract EPA-68-03-3371
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
Since the mid-1970's EPA has generated a wealth of
dottf on the treatability of organic and inorganic com-
pounds found in industrial and domestic wastewaters,
groundwater, leachates, and surface waters. To date,
various attempts have been made to organize select-
ad segments of this information, but a comprehensive
evaluation and compilation of information encompass-
ing compounds regulated by all pertinent environmen-
tal laws has not been undertaken. The major activity
was initiated with the overall objective of providing a
database on the treatability of priority pollutants and
other hazardous compounds in water and wastewater.
The database summarizes years of studies on the
treatability of priority pollutants and other hazardous
compounds.
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Industrial wastes, 'Waste water, 'Data ac-
aittrtf""! Ground water, Leaching, Surface water,
x/Vater treatment, Information systems, Computer sys-
tems programs, 'Remedial actions, 'Cleaning oper-
attonsT'USEPA.
PB89-129407/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Economic Analysis of Treatment Technologlea to
Achieve VOC (Volatile Organic Chemicals) Re-
moval to Safe Levels,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research Div.
R. M. Clark, and J. Q. Adams. Nov 88,58p EPA/600/
D-88/245
In the VOC regulations both Granular Activated
Carbon (GAC) and Packed Tower Aeration (PTA) have
been designated as Best Available Treatment. DWRD
has performed a great deal of research both at the
bench, pilot and field scale on the use of GAC and pilot
and field scale research for PTA. Cost and perform-
ance data has been collected for both technologies.
The paper will compare predictions of cost and per-
formance of GAC and PTA using available models and
field scale data. A sensitivity analysis of each technol-
ogy with respect to design and operating variables and
cost will be made. Liquid-phase GAC and PTA with off
gas control will be compared. In the paper each tech-
nology will be described, cost and performance will be
discussed, and comparative evaluations will be made.
Keywords: 'Economic analysis, Granular materials,
Activated carbon treatment, Aeration, Treatment, Pilot
plants, Expenses, Performance, Mathematical models,
Design, Operations, Regulations, 'Air pollution eco-
nomics, 'volatile organic compounds.
PB89-129415/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Use of Genetic Activity Profiles In Hazard Evalua-
tion,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. D. Waters, H. F. Stack, and A. L. Brady. Nov 88,23p
EPA/600/D-88/246
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Health
Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park,
NC.
A methodology has been developed to display and
evaluate multiple test quantitative information on ge-
netic toxicants for purposes of hazard/risk assess-
ment. Dose information is collected from the open lit-
erature: either the lowest effective dose or the highest
ineffective dose tested is recorded for each agent and
bioassay system. For each agent in the data base, the
quantitative results from genetic and related test sys-
tems are represented by computer-generated bar
graphs 'genetic activity profiles.' Bioassay systems are
organized according to classes of genetic activity and
subdivided by the phylogenetic level of the test orga-
nism. Genetic activity profiles were prepared 187
chemicals, e.g., dibromochloropropane, for the use of
the International Agency for Research on Cancer
(IARC) Working Group.
Keywords: 'Profiles, 'Hazardous materials, 'Mutage-
nicity tests, 'Toxicity, 'Carcinogens, Mutagens, Labo-
ratory animals, Concentration(Composition), 'Health
effects, * Dibromochloropropane, Risk assessment,
Propane/dibromo-chloro.
PB89-129423/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Application of the 'Master Analytical Scheme' to
Influent and Effluent Wastewaters,
Research T riangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. L Norwood, L C. Michael, S. D. Cooper, T. W. Pack,
and M. E. Montgomery. Nov 88,26p* EPA/6Q0/D-88/
248
Contract EPA-68-01-6904
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Athens,
GA.
The Master Analytical Scheme for Organics in Water
(MAS) was applied to samples of influent and effluent
wastewaters obtained from a series of municipal
wastewater treatment works. The results were expect-
ed to provide and indication of treatment efficiency rel-
ative to micropollutant content. For each influent and
effluent sample pair, the complete MAS was applied.
In each individual protocol, target compounds were
searched for and quantified using a current database
of relative molar response values. For selected sam-
ples, a complete qualitative analysis was performed.
The concentrations of the identified non-target micro-
pollutants were estimated using previously determined
response and recovery factors. Typical results from
the MAS protocols are presented and results of the
complete study are summarized.
Keywords: 'Wastewater, 'Chemical analysis, 'Munici-
palities, Water treatment, Quantitative analysis, Quali-
tative analysis. Water analysis, Tests.
PB89-129431/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Metal Interactions at Sulfide Mineral Surfaces:
Part 3, Metal Affinities in Single and Multiple Ion
Adaorptlon Reactions,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Y. Lin, G. W. Bailey, and A. T. Lynch. Nov 88,49p
EPA/600/D-88/247
Prepared in cooperation with Academia Sinica, Beijing
(China). Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sci-
ences, and Technology Applications, Inc., Athens, GA.
Adsorption reactions of both single ions and multiple
ion mixtures with sulfide minerals (chalcocite, galena,
pyrite, and sphalerite) were investigated in the metal
concentration range of 0.0001 to 0.00001 M. Chromi-
um (III), iron (III), barium (II), cadmium (II), copper (II),
nickel (II), lead (II), zinc (II), silver (I), and arsenic (III)
were used in batch-type experiments. Adsorption
isotherms were plotted and conformity to both the
Langmuir adsorption equation and the linear isotherm
was evaluated. Observations were compared with pre-
dictions of metal phase distribution/partitioning ob-
tained with the MINTEQA1 equilibrium metal specia-
tion model.
Keywords: 'Adsorption, 'Sulfide minerals, Surface
properties, Ions, Isotherms, Interactions, Mathematical
models, 'Metal ions, Affinity, Langmuri adsorption
equation.
PB89-129449/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Expert Systems to Assist In Evaluation of Meas-
urement Data,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
D. G. Greathouse. Nov 88,10p EPA/600/D-88/250
The Agency expends a significant proportion of its
budget to measure levels of contaminants or effects of
contamination in the environment. In addition, it man-
dates that other organizations, primarily private com-
panies, expend considerable resources to provide
measurement data to the Agency. This requires that
decisions be made concerning appropriate sampling
methods and analytical techniques and results in huge
volumes of measurement data that must be evaluated
and interpreted by Agency personnel. Concerns such
as extent of contamination, potential health risks due
to the contamination, and likelihood of adverse health
consequences by introduction of new chemicals into
the market place are just a few of the decision areas
based on these data. Clearly the potential health con-
sequences and economic implications of these eval-
uations and interpretations are very significant. Hence
it is very important that the best expertise be brought
to bear on these decisions. The purpose of the paper
is to review the development of expert systems by US
EPA to assist in evaluation of measurement data.
Keywords: 'Environmental tests, Measurement, Eval-
uation, Data, Sampling, Methodology, Geophysics,
Quality assurance, Quality control, 'Expert systems,
Technology transfer, Procedures, Flexible Membrane
Liner System (FLEX).
PB89-129456/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Integrated Approach to the Characterization of
Particle and Organic Emissions from Unvsnted
Kerosene Space Heaters,
John B. Pierce Foundation Lab., New Haven, CT.
J. B. White, B. P. Leaderer, and P. M. Boone. Nov 88,
12p EPA/600/D-88/251
Grant EPA-R-813594
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper reports the results from a three-phase study
characterizing and modeling particle and organic emis-
sions from unvented kerosene space heaters, a major
source of. indoor air contaminants. In Phase I, emis-
sions from 12 heaters covering a range of design types
and Btu ratings, were evaluated. Aerosol mass, size
distribution, extractable mass, bioassay, and bice ele-
ment content, as well as conventional gas (CO, NOx,
etc.) measurements were made for dl the heaters
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tested, while VOCs and semivolatiles measurements
were made for a subsample of the heaters. In Phase II,
a detailed characterization of particle and organic
emissions for four heaters was performed. Two of the
heaters subjected to the detailed chamber testing in
Phase II were then used in Phase III, which consisted
of a series of heater runs in the EPA test house in
North Carolina. The test house experiments were de-
signed to validate model predictions based on the
chamber studies in Phase II.
Keywords: "Heating equipment, 'Kerosene, "Combus-
tion products, Houses, Chemical analysis, Bloassay,
Particles, Tests, Mathematical models, "Indoor air pol-
lution, Risk assessment, Volatile organic
compounds(VOC), Stationary sources, Air pollution
effects(Humans).
PB89-129464/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Incinerator Ash Quality, Residue Characteristic*,
and Control of Heavy Mstal Emissions,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
G. J. Carroll. Nov 88,23p EPA/600/D-88/252
Limited information from past research indicates that
organic concentrations in hazardous waste incinerator
(HWI) ash and air pollution control device residue are
low, and that destruction is the primary reason for high
Destruction and Removal Efficiency (DRE) values. In-
creasing attention is being focused on HWI stack
metal-emissions, which appear to be the most signifi-
cant component of HWI risk assessment values de-
rived to date.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Incinerators, "Fly
ash, "Air pollution control equipment, Chemical analy-
sis, Reviews, "Heavy metals, "Air toxic substances,
Risk assessment.
PB89-129472	Not available NTIS
Approach tor Integration of Toxlcologlcal Data
(Journal Version). Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
M. A. Shirazi, and L. N. Lowrie. C1988,19p EPA/600/
D-88/253
Prepared In cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc./
Environmental Sciences, Corvallis, OR.
Pub. in Special Technical Publication 971, American
Society for Testing and Materials, p343-3601988.
The paper presents an approach for aggregating a
group of similar test data into a single mean dose-re-
sponse curve with error bounds quantifying the varia-
bility of the original data. Groups of similar tests are
then classified using generalized exponential dose-re-
sponse functions whose constants define modes of bi-
ological response and facilitate calculation of toxicity
and sensitivity. Groups of similar data and classes of
different groups of tests are used to demonstrate the
application and the utility of the approach. (Copyright
(c) American Society for Testing and Materials, 1988.)
Keywords: "Responses, "Toxicology, "Dosage, Sensi-
tivity, Tests, Bloassay, Comparison, Reprints, Chemi-
cals, LC 30.
PB89-129670/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Lining of Waste Contalnmsnt and Other Impound-
ment Facilities.
Matrecon, Inc., Alameda, CA.
Sep 88,1030p* EPA/600/2-88/052
Contract EPA-68-03-3265
See also PB86-192796. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction En-
gineering Lab.
The report provides current technological information
on liner ana cover systems for waste storage and dis-
posal units. The various materials used in the con-
struction of these systems are discussed, with particu-
lar emphasis on polymeric flexible membrane liners.
The types and properties of wastes that may be im-
pounded in land storage and disposal units and the
constituents of these wastes that can affect lining ma-
terials are discussed. The conditions inside a contain-
ment unit are described. Elements of the design, spec-
ification, construction, quality assurance, and mainte-
nance of a lined waste containment unit are discussed.
Costs for the components of a lining system, including
1218 Vol. 90, No. 24
their installation and construction, are presented. Sev-
eral test methods are included.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Earth fills, "Waste
disposal, "Containment, "Linings, Polymeric films,
Tests, Standards, "Land disposal, Liquid waste dis-
posal, Path of pollutants, Risk assessment, Remedial
actions, Hazardous waste sites, Hazardous materials
handling, Cleanup operations, Land pollution abate-
ment.
PB89-129688/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Protection of River Basins, Lakes and Estuaries:
Fifteen Years of Cooperation toward Solving En-
vironmental Problems in the USSR and USA,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
R. C. Ryans. Nov 88,329p EPA/600/9-88/023
In 1987, the United States of America and the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics completed 15 years of co-
operation in the field of environmental protection.
Overviews are provided of joint activities in water plan-
ning and management. Among the papers are discus-
sions of water quality management strategies and
modeling techniques for water protection (USSR) and
of mass balance approaches and nonpoint agricultural
measures in water quality management (USA). Other
contributions address predictive models of water body
conditions and problems in investigating petroleum
pollution (USSR) and describe mesocosms for evalu-
ating ecosystem health and water quality research in
the Great Lakes (USA). Finally, papers are presented
regarding ion exchange in fish and biotesting of aquat-
ic environments (USSR) and describing aquatic toxicity
test methodologies.
Keywords: "Protection, "River basins, "Lakes, "Estu-
aries, Water pollution, History, Aquatic biology, Marine
biology, Invertebrates, Fishes, United States, USSR,
Crude oil, Mathematical models, Toxicity, Ammonia,
Tests, Metabolism, Nonpoint sources.
PB89-129720/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 186: Streptomycin.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 88,7p EPA/540/FS-88/096
See also PB89-129738.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred: issuance or reissuance
of a registration standard; issuance of each special
review document; registration of a significantly
changed use pattern; registration of a new chemical;
or an immediate need for information to resolve con-
troversial issues relating to a specific chemical or use
pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Fungicides, "Streptomycins,
Hazardous materials, Chemical properties, Regula-
tions, Toxicity, Ecology, Agricultural products, "Toxic
substances, Path of pollutants. Chemical information
fact sheet, Use patterns, CAS 57-92-1, CAS 3810-74-
0, US EPA.
PB89-129738/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Guidance for the Registration of Pesticide
Products Containing Streptomycin and Strepto-
mycin Sulfate as the Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 88,96p EPA/540/RS-88/097
See also PB89-129720.
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient, viz.: streptomycin and streptomycin
sulfate, me document describes how to register under
a registration standard, the regulatory position and ra-
tionale, and provides summaries of date requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Bactericides, "Fungicides,
"Streptomycins, Standards, Guidelines, Regulations,
Genetics, Packaging, Labels, Hazardous materials,
Ecology, Manufacturing, Toxicity, Public health, Agri-
cultural products, "Registration, "Toxic substances,
Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act
CAS 57-92-1, CAS 3810-74-0.
PB89-129746/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 177: Blfenthrln.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Oct 88,7p EPA/540/FS-89/011
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide, viz.: bi-
fenthrin. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the follow-
ing actions has occurred: issuance or reissuance of a
registration standard; issuance of each special review
document; registration of a significantly changed use
pattern; registration of a new chemical; or an immedi-
ate need for information to resolve controversial
issues relating to a specific chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Insecticides, Halohydrocar-
bons, Hazardous materials, Chemical properties. Reg-
ulations, Toxicity, Ecology, Agricultural products,
"Toxic substances, "Bifenthrin, Path of pollutants.
Chemical information fact sheet, Use patterns. CAS
82657-04-3.
PB89-130371/HSU	PCA03/MFA01
Influence of Two Culturlng Techniques on Toxici-
ty of Four Chemicals in 'Arabldopsim' (Journal
version). Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
H. C. Ratsch, and D. Johndro. 1987,17p EPA/600/J-
87/453
Pub. in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment v9
p155-168 1987.
Plots of Arabidopsis thaliana L. plants were grown In
two hydroponic systems, one using a solid roofing sup-
port media and the other a flowing solution culture
Both were tested with various concentrations of bro-
macil, dichlobenil, copper sulfate and 3-aminotriazole
The effects on biomass production were compered!
Plants treated with bromacil at concentrations up to
0.05 mg/1 were similarly reduced in growth In both cul-
ture methods. However, the toxic effects of dichlo-
benil, copper sulfate and 3-aminotriazole were differ-
ent for both culture methods. Solution culture testing
was generally more sensitive and since roots were
bathed directly in a solution of known pH, nutrient level
and chemical concentration, the test conditions were
more accurately defined.
Keywords: "Culture media, "Toxicology, Plant growth
Cultures(Biology),	Copper	sulfates!
Concentration(Composition), Nutrients, Reprints,
"Toxic substances, Bromacil, Dichlobenil, Aminotrfa-
zole.
PB89-130389/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Veaaa.
NV.
Single-Laboratory Evaluation and Modification of
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agencrt
Methods 7470 and 7471 for the Determination of
Mercury in Aqueous and Solid Hatardoua Wastee
(Journal Version). Journal article,
Battelle Columbus Div., OH.
M. E. Churchweli, R. L. Livingston, D. L Sgontz, J. D
Messman, and W. F. Beckert. c1988,17p EPA/60O/J.
87/452
Contract EPA-68-03-3226
Pub. in Environment International, v13 p475-4891987
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring System*
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The current U.S. Environmental Protection Agencv
(U.S. EPA) protocols for mercury determinations in
aqueous and solid waste samples (SW-846 Methods
7470 and 7471) using recirculating cold-vapor atomic
absorption spectrometry (CV-AAS) have been evaluat-
ed. The U.S. EPA protocols have been modified in a
single-laboratory study to facilitate additional QC
measures, to enhance detectability for tow-level mer-
cury concentrations, and to eliminate nonspecific
vapor absorption interferences. Volumetric mar5pu£
tions for additional QC measures, if required, are fadH-
tated by performing the sample digestions in Erlen-
meyer flasks rather than in the current Biochemical
Oxygen Demand (BOD) reduction-aeration bottfesTliv.
strument detectability is improved 10-fold by usina a
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
vessel and a sliver wool-amalgamation CV-AAS
system operated in an open configuration. The on-line
amalgamation thermal desorption process of the
modified CV-AAS system eliminates interfering water
and organic matrix vapors prior to the mercury absorp-
tion measurement. Good accuracy and precision have
been obtained with the amalgamation CV-AAS system
for the analyses of four reference sediment materials.
(Copyright (c) 1988 Pergamon Press.)
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, *Mercury(Metal),
'Hazardous materials, Methodology, Quality control,
Concentratlon(Composition) Atomic spectroscopy,
Reprints, *U.S. EPA.
PB89-1303S7/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Distribution of Protozoa in Subsurface Sediments
of a Pristine Groundwater Study Site in Oklahoma
(Journal Version). Journal article,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. Dept. of Microbiology.
J. L Sinclair, and W. C. Ghiorse. c1987,9p EPA/600/
J-87/451
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v53
n5 p1157-1163 May 87. Sponsored by Robert 5. Kerr
Environmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
Most-probable-number counting methods were ap-
plied to determine the distribution of protozoa in a
depth profile at a groundwater microbiology study site
near Lula, Oklahoma in January and June, 1985. Asep-
tic procedures were used to ensure minimal airborne
contamination samples. Numbers of protozoa declined
with depth, but amoebae or flagellates were present in
ail samples down to an interface zone just below the
water table. Deeper in the profile, only samples from
one layer of the saturated zone contained protozoa.
The results emphasize the biological variability of
deeper subsurface layers.
Keywords: 'Subsurface investigations, 'Ground water,
'Protozoa, 'Amoebae, Sediments, Oklahoma, Clay
soils, Loams, Sands, Water table, Data, Reprints,
Aconchulinida, Lula(Oklahoma).
PM9-13040S/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Polychloroblphenyl (PCB) Metabolism by Plant
Ceils (Journal Version). Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. Fletcher, A. Groeger, J. McCrady, and J. McFarlane.
C1987,6p EPA/600/J-87/425
Pub. in Beotechnology Letters, v9nt1 p817-820 1987.
Prepared in cooperation with Oklahoma Univ.,
Norman. Dept. of Botany and Microbiology.
Suspension cultures of Paul's Scarlet rose provided
with 0.3 ppm of 2,2',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl metabo-
lized the compound at a rate of 4.6 pmoles h g dry wt.
The environmental and technological significance of
plants to metabolize environmentally persistent com-
pounds Is discussed.
Keywords: 'Plant metabolism, "Blodeterioratlon, Plant
colls, Cuttures(Biology), Chlorine organic compounds,
Reprints, 'Tetrachlorobiphenyl, 'Bipnenyi/tetrachloro,
'Paul's Scarlet rose.
PM9-130413/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of pH on the Toxicities of Cadmium,
Copper, and Zinc to Steettiead Trout ('Salmo
gafanerO (Journal Version). Journal article,
Oonrallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
R F. Cusimano, D. F. Brakke, and G. A. Chapman.
C19B6,9p EPA/600/J-86/500
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Fisheries and Aquatic Sci-
ence, v431986. Prepared in cooperation with Western
Washington Univ., Bellingham. Inst, for Watershed
Studies.
Increased metal concentrations have been associated
with freshwater acidification. Continuous-flow acute
toxicity tests were conducted In soft water to deter-
mine the effect of pH on the toxicity of cadmium,
copper, and zinc to small (1-6 g) steelhead trout
/Saimo gairdnefi). LC50 values were calculated for 96-
168-h exposure periods in waters of pH 4.7, 5.7,
•nd 7.0. Test fish were significantly more tolerant of
the metals at the lowest pH value than at higher pHs.
The 96-h LC50 values at pH 4.7,6.7, and 7.0 were 671,
07, end 66 mlcrograms/L for zinc, 66.0,4.2 and 2.8 mi-
crograms/L for copper, and 28.0,0.7 and less than 0.5
micrograms/L for cadmium, respectively. The 166-h
results were similar to the 96-h values. The results indi-
cate that for the metals tested, toxicity is ameliorated
in depressed pH waters over short exposure periods,
such as may occur during snowmelt runoff. The possi-
bility of hydrogen ion interference with metal uptake is
postulated.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Trout, 'Toxicity, 'Metals,
*pH, Lethal dosage, Cadmium, Copper, Zinc, Reprints,
'Salmo gairdneri.
PB89-130421/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Assessment of Teratogenic Potential of Trlchloro-
fon in Mice and Rats (Journal Version). Journal ar-
ticle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
K. D. Courtney, J. E. Andrews, and J. Springer. 1986,
24p EPA/600/J-86/498
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Science Health, vB21 n3
p207-227 1986. Prepared in cooperation with Food
and Drug Administration, Washington, DC. Center for
Food Safety and Applied Nutrition.
Trichlorofon was evaluated for its teratogenic potential
in the CD-1 mouse at doses of 200, 300, or 400 mg/
kg/day administered by gavage on days 7-16 of gesta-
tion. In the CD-1 mouse, TCF was teratogenic, feto-
toxic and lethal at the two highest dose levels which
were also maternally lethal. At the lowest dose level
which was not maternally lethal, there was a significant
decrease in the number of calcified centers in the fore-
paws and hindpaws indicating fetotoxicity and a delay
in maturation. TCF was administered at doses of 50,
100, or 200 mg/kg/day to CD rats by gavage on gesta-
tional days 7-19 (study I) or 8-20 (study II). In both
study I and II, the highest dose level was maternally
lethal. In study I, TCF was teratogenic with a shift in rib
profile. In study II, TCF was teratogenic with an in-
creased incidence in malformations of the urinary
system. Additionally, TCF was fetotoxic with reduced
ossification of the skulls.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicity, 'Tera-
togens,	Laboratory	animals,
Concentratlon(Composition), Exposure, Lethal
dosage, Phosphorus organic compounds, Reprints,
'Trichlorofon, Phosphoric acid/trichloro-hydroxyethyl-
(dimethyl ester).
PB69-130439/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Role of Vibrational Spectroscopy at the U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency's Environmental
Research Laboratory in Athens, Georgia,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
T. W. Collette. 1988,6p EPA/600/M-88/021
Pub. in Applied Spectroscopy, v42 n6 p1139-1142 Aug
88.
The Environmental Research Laboratory, U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Athens GA, Is best
known by vibrational spectroscopists as the laboratory
where much of the pioneering work on the develop-
ment of a sensitive, real-time gas chromatograph/Fou-
rier transform infrared system was conducted. Current
work in vibrational spectroscopy involves two applica-
tions. One area involves the identification of unlisted
pollutants-a conventional but somewhat specialized,
usage. The second area, a more novel application of
vibrational spectroscopy and one for which few related
studies have been reported, involves the prediction of
environmental fate constants for chemicals.
Keywords: 'Vibrational spectra, 'Spectrochemlcal
analysis, 'Spectroscopy, Contamitants, Reprints, En-
vironmental fate.
PBM-130447/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Performance of Emissions Control Systems on
Municipal Waste Combustors,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
T. G. Brna, C. C. Masser, C. E. Riley, and M. G.
Johnston. Dec 68,29p EPA/600/D-68/267
The paper reports results of several EPA-supported
field evaluations of data on gaseous pollutant emis-
sions from modem municipal waste combustors/incto-
erators and emissions control by flue gas cleaning sys-
tems. The results are presented in terms of add gas
(HCI and S02), trace organic (dloxin/furan), trace
heavy metal, and particulate matter reductions through
the use of lime spray dryer absorber/fabric Alter and
lime spray dryer absorber/electrostatic precipitator
technologies. Plans for additional field tests are dis-
cussed briefly.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Munici-
palities, 'Incinerators, 'Waste disposal, Sulfur dioxide,
Hydrogen chloride, Particles, Electrostatic precipi-
tates, Absorbers(Equipment), Volatile organic
compounds(VOC), Limestone injection, Air toxic sub-
stances, Remedial actions.
PB89-130454/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Physical Factors Affecting Lung Deposition of
Cigarette Smoke (with SyncarcTnogenic Radon
Progeny Effects), and Mineral Fiber Particulate
Matter,
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC.
T. B. Martonen, W. Hofmann, and I. Balashazy. Nov
88,43p EPA/60O/D-88/266
Contract EPA-68-02-4450
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Unusual dynamic factors affecting the behavior and
fate of inhaled cigarette-smoke particles and mineral
fibers within the human lung are addressed. The ac-
tions of interception, for fiber particles, and cloud-set-
tling, for concentrated cigarette smoke, can enhance
focal deposition in locations that would not have been
anticipated for dilute aerosols or for more regularly
shaped, sphere-like particles. It is important to quanti-
tate the efficiencies of these deposition mechanisms
because it is after deposition that deleterious biologi-
cal effects can occur. Theoretical deposition models
are presented that simulate the actions of the intercep-
tion and cloud-settling processes, which are validated
by comparisons with in vitro and in vivo data. The sites
of preferential deposition are regions whose cells re-
ceive increased doses of hazardous substances asso-
ciated with smokes and fibers. They must, therefore,
be considered in risk assessment analyses of human
inhalation exposures to airborne toxicants. Incorpora-
tion of these mechanisms in aerosol therapy protocols
could conceivably lead to improved therapeutic proce-
dures.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Air pollution, 'Smoke, 'Min-
eral wool, 'Lung, 'Radon, Particles, Mathematical
models, Respiration, Pathology, Aerosols, Carcino-
gens, Reprints, 'Cigarette smoke, Risk assessment,
Inhalation administration.
PB89-130462/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Overview of Combustion Emissions In the United
States,
Alliance Technologies Corp., Chapel Hill, NC.
D. A. Pahl, D. Zimmerman, and R. Ryan. Nov 88,52p*
EPA/600/D-88/262
Contract EPA-68-02-4274
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Apency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper summarizes combustion emissions using
the results of past and ongoing research programs in
U.S. emissions trends and detailed inventories, due to
the availability of data and the distribution of total U.S.
emissions, with emphasis on S02 and NOx. The dis-
cussion includes both magnitude and transport emis-
sions parameters, a review of the general methodolo-
gies employed by the referenced research, and a sum-
mary of results regarding aggregated, combustion
emissions categories. Combustion categories are the
most significant sources of S02 and NOx emissions.
Utilities contributed nearly 70% of the 1985 anthropo-
genic emissions of S02. The two major sources of
NOx in 1985 were utilities and transportation. On the
other hand, VOC emissions in 1985 came from com-
bustion and non-combustion sources, principally evap-
orative fugitive sources, in approximately equal
amounts.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Sulfur di-
oxide, 'United States, 'Combustion products, 'Ex-
haust emissions, Trends, Exhaust gases, Utilities,
Motor vehicles. Surveys, Stationary sources, Nonpoint
sources, Fuel combustion, Volatile organic
compounds(VOC).
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB89-130470/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Regulations Concerning the Use of Qeosynthetlcs
In Waste Management Facilities,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
R. E. Landreth. Nov 88,15p EPA/600/D-88/249
Regulations for hazardous and nonhazardous waste
containment facilities as they impact the potential use
of geosynthetics. A summary of the Subtitle 'C' and 'D'
liner regulations are presented.
Keywords: Linings, Barriers, Drainage, Hazardous ma-
terials, Design criteria, Earth fills, Regulations, Waste
disposal, "Environmental chemical substitutes, "Geo-
synthetics, Waste management, Surface impound-
ments.
PB89-130496/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency's Methodology
for Assessing Risk of Exposure to Nasal Carclno-
ftns,
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
W. E. Pepelko. Nov 88,10p EPA/600/D-88/242
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has carried
out risk assessments on a variety of chemicals that
have been shown to induce nasal tumors in animals
and/or humans. Human cancer potency estimates,
however, were not always based on the induction of
nasal tumors. For those that were, studies employing
the inhalation route of exposure were used, with one
exception. Extrapolation from the inhalation to the oral
route has not been attempted for nasal carcinogens. A
variety of uncertainties in assessing potency of nasal
carcinogens is being addressed.
Keywords: "Carcinogens, "Respiratory neoplasms,
•Nose(Anatomy), Respiration, Inhalation, Tests, Labo-
ratory animals, Risk, Hazardous materials, Air pollu-
tion, US EPA.
PB89-131320/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab
Assistance to States In Preparing 1985 NAPAP
(National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program)
Emissions Inventory Submittals,
Alliance Technologies Corp., Chapel Hill NC
D. J. Zimmerman, D. A. Pahl, andD. G. Johnson. Nov
88,14p EPA/600/D-88/261
Contract EPA-68-02-4274
See also PB85-236768 and PB89-131338. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research
Lab.
The paper describes the coordinated effort undertak-
en by the U.S. EPA to provide resources to the states
for the delivery of a high quality emissions inventory
within the schedule set by tne National Acid Precipita-
tion Assessment Program (NAPAP), and will be of in-
terest to individuals concerned with the effort to quan-
tify emissions thought to be acid rain precursors. To
accommodate identified resource constraints, data
collection priorities and methodologies were devel-
oped for the states to provide NAPAP with the data
necessary for its research purposes. Emphases were
placed on confirmation of emissions from large
sources and quality control procedures during data
collection in order to increase confidence in the data
base. Financial and contractor support were provided
to states identified as needing resources to meet the
data and schedule requirements. The results were
completely updated 1985 emissions estimates for the
criteria pollutants established by NAPAP, representing
the most complete National Emissions Data Systems
(NEDS) inventory to date. NAPAP will use the 1985
NEDS as a primary origin of point source data for the
1985 NAPAP Emissions Inventory of sources thought
to be acid precipitation precursors.
Keywords'. "Air pollution, Sources, Quality assurance,
Assessments, Emission, Inventories, Acidification,
Data acquisition, "Emission inventories, "National
Acid Precipitation Assessment Program, "Acid rain,
Emission factors, Stationary sources, NAPAP.
PB89-131338/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Quality Assurance and Quality Control Plan for
the 1985 NAPAP (National Acid Precipitation As-
sessment Program) Emissions Inventory (Novem-
ber 1988). Rept. for Jul 86-Apr 87,
Alliance Technologies Corp., Chapel Hill, NC.
R, E. Battye, D. A. Pahl, and J. D. Mobley. Nov 88,18p
EPA/600/D-88/263
Contracts EPA-68-02-3997, EPA-68-02-4274
See also PB89-131320. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper identifies the quality assurance and quality
control (QA/QC) objectives that must be met to creat a
comprehensive and accurate emissions inventory and
summarizes the QA/QC plan specifically designed for
the 1985 inventory to meet these objectives. The data
quality objectives, priorities, and constraints for the
collection of the 1985 inventory data are reviewed.
QA/QC checks of both state data and the completed
inventory are discussed. Guidelines for data process-
ing, documentation, and the calculation of data quality
indicators are reviewed. A fundamental objective of
the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
(NAPAP) research program is the location and quantifi-
cation of natural and anthropogenic emissions that
may contribute to acid deposition. To achieve the ob-
jective, NAPAP's Task Group and Emissions and Con-
trols is conducting a multi-year research effort to de-
velop an accurate and comprehensive inventory of
1985 emissions from sources thought to be important
in acid deposition processes. Most of the 1985 emis-
sions data for the inventory are being collected and
analyzed by state air pollution control agencies and
the U.S. EPA.
Keywords: "Air pollution, Quality assurance, Quality
control, Data processing, Emission, Inventories, Acidi-
fication, "Emission inventories, "National Acid Precipi-
tation Assessment Program, "Acid rain, Stationary
sources.
PB89-131346/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Mutagenic Screening of Three Dyes for Marker
Grenades in the Salmonella Reversion Assay and
the L5178Y/TK+/-Mouse Lymphoma Assay.
Technical rept.,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
M. M. Moore, L. Claxton, V. Houk, G. M. Nelson, and K.
Brock. Dec 88,144p EPA/600/1 -88/007
See also AD-A152 110. Portions of this document are
not fully legible. Prepared in cooperation with Environ-
mental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
Dyes are used by the military in M18 marker signaling
grenades. The U.S. Army is concerned with evaluating
any potential health hazards that might result from per-
sonal contact with the dyes in the industrial setting.
Three dyes (Solvent Red 1, Disperse Blue 3, and Dis-
perse Red 11) were tested for mutagenicity in the Sal-
monella reversion assay and the L5178Y/TK(sup +/-)
mouse lymphoma assay. The in vitro assays were per-
formed both with and without exogenous activation
provided by Aroclor induced rat liver S-9. In the Salmo-
nella assay, Solvent Red 1 was positive with S-9 acti-
vation in strain TA100 and negative to questionably
positive in the other strains and activation conditions.
Disperse Blue 3 was positive with S-9 activation in
strain TA1537 and negative to questionably positive
under the other test conditions. Disperse Red 11 was
positive with S-9 activation in strain TA102, but nega-
tive to weakly positive with the other strains and activa-
tion conditions. Both Disperse Blue 3 and Disperse
Red 11 were positive both with and without S-9 activa-
tion in the mouse lymphoma assay. Solvent Red 1
could not be tested without activation. With S-9 activa-
tion, it was weakly positive.
Keywords: "Mutagenicity tests, "Dyes, "Grenades,
"Toxicity, Salmonella typhimurium, Lymphoma,
Cells(Bioiogy), "Solvent Red 1, "Disperse Blue 3, "Dis-
perse Red 11, "Occupational safety and health,
Ethene/bromo.
PB89-131379/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Water Resources Data for New York, Water Year
1987. Volume 1. Eastern New York Excluding
Long Island. Water-data rept (Annual) 1 Oct 86-30
Sep 87,
Geological Survey, Albany, NY. Water Resources Div.
G. D. Firda, R. Lumia, and P. M. Burke. 1988,280p
USGS/WRD/HD-88/260, USGS/WDR/NY-87/1
See also report for 1986, PB88-174388.
Water resources data for the 1987 water year for New
York consist of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality
of lakes and reservoirs: and water levels in observation
weils. The volume contains records of water discharge
at 97 gaging stations: stage only at 4 gaging stations;
and stage and contents at 4 gaging stations, and 19
other lakes and reservoirs; water quality at 33 gaging
stations; and water levels at 24 observation wells. Lo-
cations of these sites are shown on figures 7A and 7B.
Also included are data for 35 crest-stage partial-record
stations. Additional water data were collected at vari-
ous sites not in the systematic data-collection program
and are published as miscellaneous measurements
and analyses. These data, together with the data in
volumes 2 and 3, represent that part of the National
Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological
Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies In
New York.
Keywords'. "Ground water, "Surface waters, 'New
York, Water quality, Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes,
Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Temperature,
Tables(Data), Water analysis, Sediments, Water wells.
Chemical analysis, "Water quality data, "Hydrologic
data, Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB89-132112/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Phenol.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Feb 87,120p EPA/600/X-87/121
See also PB86-134186. Prepared in cooperation with
Syracuse Research Corp., Cincinnati, OH.
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Phenol was prepared to support listings of hazardous
constituents of a wide range of waste streams under
Section 3001 of the Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act (RCRA) and to provide health-related limits
for emergency actions under Section 101 of the Com-
prehensive Environmental Response, Compensation
and Liability Act (CERCLA). Both published literature
and information obtained from Agency program office
files were evaluated as they pertained to potential
human health, aquatic life and environmental effects
of hazardous waste constituents. Quantitative esti-
mates have been presented provided sufficient data
are available. Phenol has been determined to be a sys-
temic toxicant. A Reference Dose (RfD), for phenol Is
0.04 mg/kg/day for oral exposure. The Reportable
Quantity (HQ) value ol 1, 10, 100, 1000 or 5000
pounds is used to determine the quantity of a hazard-
ous substance for which notification is required in the
event of a release as specified by CERCLA based on
chronic toxicity. The RQ value for phenol is 10.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Industrial hygiene
"Toxicology. "Environmental surveys, "Phenol, As-
sessments, Profiles, Exposure, Carcinogens, Muta-
gens, Laboratory animals, Water pollution, Air pollu-
tion, Chemical analysis, Sampling, Sources, Ecology.
Dosage, "Occupational safety arm health, "Toxic sub-
stances, "Environmental health, Pharmacokinetics,
Path of pollutants, Risk assessment.
PB89-132203/HSU	PC A23/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Chemical, Physical, and Biological Properttoa of
Compounds Present at Hazardous Wast* Sltem.
Final rept.
Clement Associates, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
27 Sep 85,543p* EPA/530/SW-89/010
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Pre-
pared in cooperation with GCA Corp., Bedford, MA.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Adenev
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The chemical profiles are intended to serve as a con-
cise reference with information on the physicochem-
ical properties, transport and fate, toxicity, and regula-
tory standards for individual chemicals identified bythe
EPA Office of Waste Program Enforcement at hazard-
ous waste sites. The profiles can be used |n conjunc-
tion with the Toxicology and Endangerment 'ntiin
ment Handbooks.
Keywords: "Chemical compounds, "Hazardous mate-
rials, "Physlcochemical properties, "Biological afcitts.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
'Toxicity, 'Regulations, 'Information systems, Public
health, Standards, Industrial wastes, Data, 'Hazard-
ous waste sites, 'Path of pollutants, Environmental
fate, Environmental transport, Risk assessment.
P889-13238S/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) Emissions
from Petroleum Refinery Wastewater Systems-
Background Information for Promulgated Stand-
ards. Environmental impact statement (Pinal),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Paik, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
J. R. Farmer. Dec 87,63p EPA/450/3-85/001 B
Owners or operators of petroleum refineries would be
required to meet certain emissions, design, operation,
and work practice standards for their wastewater treat-
ment systems. The report contains a summary of
changes to the standards made since their proposal, a
summary of impacts of the promulgated standards,
and a summary of public comments and EPA re-
sponses on the proposal.
Keywords: 'Petroleum refining, 'Waste water, 'Indus-
trial waste treatment, 'Regulations, Air pollution abate-
ment, Design criteria, 'Volatile organic
compounds(VOC), 'Air pollution standards, US EPA.
P0M-182393/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Summary of Emissions Associated with Propyl-
OxIMi
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
G. Hume. Nov 88,93p EPA/450/3-88/014
The summary describes the industrial production and
uses of propylene oxide, documents the methods of
calculation used to estimate emissions, and lists the
major facilities emitting propylene oxide, along with
their estimated emissions.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Propylene oxide, 'Exhaust gases, 'Chemical indus-
try Air pollution control, United States, Predictions,
•Air toxic substances, Hazard analysis, Air pollution
forecasts, Risk assessment, Stationary sources.
PSS0-1326O9/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Research
Proaram Quide, FY-1988, October 1,1988-Septem-
M*30.1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
office of Research and Development.
SBDftB. 107p EPA/600/9-88/017
See also PB88-124060.
The free and open exchange of knowledge both stimu-
lates and provides quality control for the progress of
science. The report provides information on the re-
search which EPA Is planning for the fiscal year, on
how much the office Intends to spend on each pro-
(yam area, and on it to contact for further details. More
than 60 percent of its research budget will be spent
through extramural contracts, grants, and cooperative
agreements with organizations outside of EPA's lab-
oratories. It is its intent to increase the efficiency and
effectiveness of the research by placing great empha-
st» upon open competition for extramural support. The
office hopes that the information in the report will stim-
ulate qualified parties and make their capabilities
known to its research managers so that the office all
mlaht gain from sharing experience and expertise,
pjeeae feel free to contact any of the parties listed in
the report
Keywords: 'Research project, 'Environments, Air pol-
lution. Water pollution, Potable water, Water quality,
Hazardous materials, Toxicology, Pesticides, Energy,
RaSatton, 'Environmental protection agency, Toxic
aubstances, Risk assessment, Superfund program,
Hazardous wastes.
MMM3M74/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
TaiiinnlnBT Screening Quide for Treatment of
CCHGLA (Comprehensive Environmental Re-
asons^ Compensation, and Liability Act) Soils
MdfllMdOMi
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
CMeeof Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
lJxSSst. Sep 88,136p EPA/540/4-88/004
The Technology Screening Guide for Treatment of
CERCLA Soils and Sludges is a guide for screening
feasible alternative treatment technologies for soils
and sludges at Superfund sites. The guide provides a
screening methodology to identify treatment technol-
ogies that may be suitable for the management of soils
and sludges containing CERCLA wastes. For each of
the treatment technologies, information is presented
on (a) the generic system, (b) individual, unique sys-
tems, (c) developmental status, (d) process schemat-
ics, (e) characteristics affecting treatment perform-
ance, and (f) contacts. Some limited information is also
presented about pretreatment, materials handling, and
residuals management requirements.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Sludge disposal,
'Soils, 'Land reclamation, Feasibility, Selection, Flow
charts, Environmental impacts, Schematic diagrams,
Processing, Toxicity, Infrared lumps, Temperature, In-
cinerators, Fluidize bed processors, Oxidation reduc-
tion reactions, Extraction, Superfund.
PB89-132682/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Durability of Qeosynthetlcs In Waste Management
Facilities: Needed Research,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
R. E. Landreth. Dec 88,11p EPA/600/D-88/268
The United States Environmental Protection Agency is
interested in both the short- and long-term perform-
ance of geosynthetics when these materials are used
in waste management facilities. The paper discusses
research to address both concerns and identifies data
gaps that require additional research.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Containers, 'Research
projects, Performance evaluation, Membranes, Tex-
tiles, Plastic pipes, 'Waste management, 'Geosynthe-
tic materials, Geonets.
PB80-132690/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation
(SITE) Program: Technology Profiles.
PEER Consultants, Dayton, OH.
Nov 88,87p EPA/540/5-88/003
Contract EPA-68-03-3490
See also PB88-242961. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction En-
gineering Lab.
The purpose of the document is to provide Regional
decision makers and other interested individuals with a
ready reference on those technologies in the SITE
Demonstration and Emerging Technologies Programs.
Each profile contains a: (T) technology description; (2)
discussion on waste applicability; (3) status report; and
(4) EPA Project Manager and Technology Contact.
Technologies are presented in alphabetical order by
developer name with separate sections for the SITE
Demonstration and Emerging Technologies Programs.
Keywords: 'Sites, 'Decision making, 'Hazardous ma-
terials, 'Waste disposal, Profiles, Project planning,
Risk, Describing, Management, Evaluation, Superfund
Innovative Technology, Evaluation program.
PB89-133708/HSU '	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Alternative Treatment Technology Evaluations of
CERCLA (Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation, and Liability Act) Soils
and Debris. Rept. for Feb 87-Feb 88,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
B. B. Locke, P. Esposito. and R. C. Thumau. Dec 88,
13p EPA/600/D-88/270
Contract EPA-68-03-3413
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lao.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
instituted a research and regulatory development pro-
gram for establishing the best demonstrated and avail-
able technology (DBAT) for RCRA and Superfund
wastes in response to the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) Hazardous and Solid Waste
Amendments of 1984, which prohibit the continued
land disposal of untreated hazardous wastes. Under
Phase I of EPA's BDAT research program, a repre-
sentative surrogate soil containing a wide range of
chemical contaminants typically found at Superfund
sites was prepared for use in bench-scale evaluations
of the treatment technologies. In Phase II, actual Su-
perfund site contaminated soil and debris were used to
evaluate the same technologies. The paper discusses
the development of the surrogate soil and the results
of the Phase I study.
Keywords: 'Soil analysis, 'Hazardous materials,
'Land reclamation, Industrial wastes, Tables(Data),
'Hazardous waste sites, 'Cleanup operations, 'Land
pollution, 'Best technology, Superfund program. Re-
medial actions.
PB89-132716/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Chemical and Biological Status of Lakes and
Streams in the Upper Midwest: Assessment of
Acidic Deposition Effects. Symposium Paper,
Fish and Wildlife Service, Columbia, MO.
J. G. Wiener, and J. M. Ellers. 1987,17p EPA/600/D-
88/271
Pub. in Lake and Reservoir Management, v3 p365-378
1987. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services,
Inc., Corvallis, OR. Sponsored by Corvallis Environ-
mental Research Lab., OR.
Many lakes in three areas in the Upper Midwest-north-
eastern Minnesota, northern Wisconsin, and the Upper
Peninsula of Michigan-have low acid neutralizing ca-
pacity (ANC) and may be susceptible to change by
acidic deposition. These acidic lakes are precipitation-
dominated, Clearwater seepage lakes having small
surface area, shallow depth, and low concentrations of
dissolved organic carbon. The spatial distribution of
these acidic Takes parallels a west to east gradient of
increasing sulfate and hydrogen ion deposition. Sever-
al of these acidic lakes exhibit chemical characteristics
and biological changes consistent with those observed
elsewhere in waters reported to be acidified by acidic
deposition. Streams in this three-state region have
high ANC and appear to be insensitive to acidic depo-
sition. The species richness and composition of lacus-
trine fish communities in the region are partly related to
pH and associated chemical factors. Sport fishes con-
sidered acid-sensitive and of primary concern with
regard to acidification include walleye, smallmouth
bass, and black crappie. The fishery in at least one
lake. Morgan Lake in Wisconsin (pH 4.6), may have
declined because of acidification. Given the general
lack of quantitative fishery data for acidic Wisconsin
and Michigan lakes, however, more general conclu-
sions concerning impacts or the absence of impacts of
acidification on the region's fishery resources are not
possible.
Keywords: 'Lakes, 'Streams, 'Aquatic biology, 'Acidi-
fication, Surface waters, Fisheries, Sediments, pH, Air
pollution, Water pollution, Chemical properties, Minne-
sota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Tables(Data), Reprints,
'Water pollution effects(Animals), 'Air-water interac-
tions, 'Acid rain.
PB89-132765	Not available NTIS
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Multi-Zone Contaminant Dispersal Analysis Using
an Element Assembly Approach. Final rept.,
National Bureau of Standards (NEL), Gaithersburg,
MD. Building Environment Div.
J. Axley. 1988,26p*
Sponsored by Department of Energy, Washington,
DC., Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
DC., and Consumer Product Safety Commission,
Washington, DC.
Pub. in Proceedings of AIVC (Air Infiltration and Venti-
lation Centre) Conference (9th), Novotel, Gent, Bel-
gium, September 12-15,1988, p1 -26.
An element-assembly formulation of multi-zone con-
taminant dispersal analysis theory is described. In this
approach, a flow system is idealized as an assemblage
of mass transport elements that model specific in-
stances of contaminant mass transport in the flow
system. Equations governing the mass transport phe-
nomena modeled by each element are expressed in
terms of contaminant concentration variables that ap-
proximate the contaminant concentration at discrete
points in the flow system. The imposition of conserva-
tion of mass allows these element equations to be as-
sembled to form spatially discrete but temporally con-
tinuous equations that govern the system as a whole.
Solution options are outlined, examples of application
are presented, and a family of computer programs that
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
provide one implementation of the theory is briefly de-
scribed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Dispersion reactions, 'At-
mospheric diffusion, 'Mathematical models, 'Houses,
Computerized simulation, Computer systems pro-
grams, Mass transfer, Predictions, Equations of
motion, 'Path of pollutants, 'Indoor air pollution.
PB89-133417	Not available NTIS
Risk Assessment Guidelines Update, 1988,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
A. M. Ehrlich. Nov 88,34p* EPA/600/D-88/264
See also PB88-123997.
In 1986, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
issued five guidelines for conducting risk assessments.
The authors describe the process used by EPA to
evaluate the health effects of exposure to environmen-
tal toxicants. When those guidelines were issued, EPA
stated its intent to continue the development of new
guidelines and revision of existing guidelines. The
paper discusses the seven guideline activities under
way as of September 1988: female reproductive risk,
male reproductive risk, exposure measurements, de-
velopmental toxicity, carcinogenicity, non-cancer
health effects, and neurotoxicity.
Keywords: 'Health risks, Guidelines, Exposures, 'En-
vironmental health, 'Risk assessments, Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis,
Toxic substances.
PB89-133607/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Indoor Air Quality Model Version 1.0 Documenta-
tion. Rept. for Jun 87-Jun 88,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
L. E. Sparks. Sep 88,142p* EPA/600/8-88/097A,
EPA/SW/DK-89/010A
For system on diskette, see PB89-133615.
The report presents a multiroom model for estimating
the impact of various sources on indoor air quality
(IAQ). The model is written for use on IBM-PC and
compatible microcomputers. It is easy to use with a
menu-driven user interface. Data are entered using a
fill-in-a-form interface. Model results are presented In
graphic and tabular form. The model treats each room
as a well-mixed chamber that can contain both
sources and sinks. The model allows analysis of the
impact of 'interroom air flows, HVAC (heating, ventilat-
ing, and air conditioning) systems, and air cleaners on
IAQ. Model predictions are compared with experimen-
tal data from EPA's IAQ test house. The model predic-
tions are in good agreement with the experimental
data. The model is a useful tool for analyzing IAQ
issues. The model requires an IBM-PC or compatible
computer, DOS 2.1 or higher, one disk drive, and at
least 512 k-bytes of memory. A graphics adapter and
monitor are required to display the graphics output
from the model.
Keywords: Buildings, Heating, Air conditioning, Ventila-
tion, Air flow, Air circulation, Air cleaners, Documenta-
tion, 'Indoor air pollution, 'Air quality.
PB89-133815/HSU	CP D01
Indoor Air Quality Model Version 1.0. Model-Simu-
lation,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
L. E. Sparks. 12 Sep 88,1 diskette* EPA/SW/DK-89/
010
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskette,
double density (360K), compatible with the IBM PC/XT
microcomputer. The diskettes are in the ASCII format
Price includes documentation, PB89-133607.
The disk contains a microcomputer model (IBM-PC or
compatible) to estimate indoor air quality in a multir-
oom building. The model treats each room as a well
mixed chemical reactor that can contain pollutant
sources and sinks. HVAC (heating, ventilating and air
conditioning) systems, air cleaners, interroom air flows
and air exchange with the outdoor are included in the
model. The model is menu driven. Data entry is han-
dled with a fill-in-the-form interface. Model predictions
are in good agreement with experimental data. Soft-
ware Description: The program is written in the BASIC
programming language for implementation on an IBM-
PC/XT or compatible equipment, using MS DOS 2.1 or
better operating system. The system has 512K of
memory. A graphics adapter and monitor are required
to display the graphics output from the model.
Keywords: 'Models-Simulation, Buildings, Heating, Air
conditioning, Ventilation, Air flow, Air circulation, Air
cleaners, Diskettes, 'Indoor air pollution, 'Air quality,
L=BASIC, H=IBM PC/XT.
PB89-133631/HSU	CP D04
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
(SARA): Section 313 Roadmaps Database (for
Microcomputers). Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
J. Darr, and J. Neumann. 31 Aug 88,6 diskettes* EPA/
DF/DK-89/011
The data file is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskettes,
double density (360K), compatible with the IBM PC
microcomputer. The diskettes are in the dBase III/
CLIPPER compiler format. Price includes documenta-
tion, PB89-133649.
EPA has developed a database of sources of informa-
tion on the chemicals listed in section 313 of the Su-
perfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
(SARA). The database is intended to assist users of
section 313 Toxic Release Inventory data to perform
exposure and risk assessments of these chemicals.
The roadmaps system displays and/or prints informa-
tion for the SARA section 313 chemicals on health and
environmental effects, Federal regulations, and state
air and water regulations, monitonng data, and state
contacts.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Toxicology, Exposure, Risk,
Diskettes, Regulations, 'Toxic substances, 'Super-
fund Amendments and Reauthorization Act, "Section
313 chemicals, Air pollution effects(Humans), Environ-
mental health, Water pollution effects, Pollution regu-
lations.
PB89-133649/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
(SARA): Section 313 Roadmaps Data Base User's
Manual. Final rept.
ICF, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
31 Aug 88,70p* EPA/560/2-88/001, EPA/DF/DK-
89/011A
Contract EPA-68-02-4235
For system on diskette, see PB89-133631. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
EPA has developed a database of sources of informa-
tion on the chemicals listed in section 313 of the Su-
perfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
(SARA). The database is intended to assist users of
section 313 Toxic Release Inventory data to perform
exposure and risk assessments of these chemicals.
The Roadmaps system displays and/or prints informa-
tion for the SARA section 313 chemicals on health and
environmental effects, Federal regulations, and state
air and water regulations, monitonng data, and state
contacts.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Exposure, Risk, Regulations,
Documentation, 'Toxic substances, 'Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act, 'Section 313
chemicals, Air pollution effects(Humans), Environmen-
tal health, Water pollution effects, Pollution regula-
tions.
PB89-134084/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Boston, MA.
Region I.
Mass-Balance Nitrate Model for Predicting the Ef-
fects ot Land Use on Groundwater Quality in Mu-
nicipal Wellhead Protection Areas. Technical rept.
Aug 85-Dec 87,
Geological Survey, Boston, MA. Water Resources Div.
M. H. Frimpter, J. J. Donohue, and M. V. Rapacz. Jul
88,50p
Prepared in cooperation with Massachusetts Dept. of
Environmental Quality Engineering, Boston, and Cape
Cod Planning and Economic Development Commis-
sion, Barnstable, MA. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Boston, MA. Region I.
The mass-balance accounting model can be used to
guide the management of septic systems and fertiliz-
ers to control the degradation of groundwater quality in
zones of an aquifer that contribute water to public
supply wells. The nitrate nitrogen concentration of the
mixture in the well can be predicted for steady-state
conditions by calculating the concentration that results
from the total weight of nitrogen and total volume of
water entering the zone of contribution to the well.
Computations 1or different development schemes pro-
vide a technical basis for planners and managers to
compare water quality effects and to select alterna-
tives that limit nitrate concentration in wells. Appendix
A contains tables of nitrate loads and water volumes
from common sources for use with the accounting
model; Appendix B describes the preparation of a
spreadsheet for the nitrate loading calculations with a
software package generally available for desktop com-
puters.
Keywords: 'Water wells, 'Water pollution control, 'Ni-
trate minerals, 'Mathematical models, 'Municipalities,
Potable water, Predictions, Septic tanks, Ground
water, Fertilizers, Computer systems programs, Water
quality,	'Path	of	pollutants,
'Barnstable(Massachusetts),
*Eastham(Massachusetts), 'Mass balance.
PB89-134092/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Toxic Orunlc Compounds In Surface Sediments
from the Elizabeth and Patapsco Rivers and Estu-
aries,
Virginia Inst, of Marine Science, Gloucester Point
R. H. Bier), C. Hein, R. J. Huggett, P. Shou, and H.
Slone. Nov 82,149p EPA/600/3-88/049A
Grant EPA-R-806012
See also PB89-134100. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD. Chesapeake Bay
Program.
The study is an extension of a Chesapeake Bay-wide
analysis of toxic organic substances into the Elizabeth
and Patapsco River subestuaries. Twenty-eight sur-
face sediment samples from the Elizabeth River and
40 surface sediment samples from the Patapsco, were
analyzed in detail for the presence of mainly aromatic
and polar organic compounds. Approximately 310 dis-
tinct compounds were identified by gas chromatogra-
phy-mass spectrometry in the Elizabeth River sam-
ples, and about 480 in the Patapsco. Total aromatic
concentrations ranged from 440,000 to 3,100 ppb in
the Elizabeth and from 2.7 x 10 to the 6th power to
6100 ppb in the Patapsco. Similar to observation in the
Chesapeake Bay, unsubstituted polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons dominated, contributing about 50% to
the total resolved concentration. The report consists of
four appendices which present lists of concentrations
and computer reconstructed gas chromatograma of
'aromatic extracts from Elizabeth River sediments.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Water pollution,
'Elizabeth River, 'Patapsco River, 'Sediments,
'Chesapeake Bay, 'Toxicity, Chromatographic analy-
sis,	Aromatic	compounds,
Concentration(Composition), Gas chromatography.
Mass spectroscopy, Aromatic polycydic hydrocar-
bons, Depth, Tables(Data).
PB89-134100/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Toxic Organic Compounds in Surface Sediments
from the Elizabeth and Patapsco Rivers and Estu-
aries: Appendices.
Virginia Inst, of Marine Science, Gloucester Point
R. H. Bleri, C. Hein, R. J. Huggett, P. Shou, and H.
Slone. NOV 82,214p EPA/600/3-88/049B
Grant EPA-R-806012
See also PB89-134092. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD. Chesapeake Bay
Program.
The study is an extension of a Chesapeake Bay-wide
analysis of toxic organic substances into the Elizabeth
and Patapsco River subestuaries. Twenty-eight sur-
face sediment samples from the Elizabeth River i
40 surface sediment samples from the Patapsco, *
analyzed in detail for the presence of mainly aron _
and polar organic compounds. Approximately 310
tinct compounds were identified by gas chromatogra-
phy-mass spectrometry In the Elizabeth Riversam-
ples, and about 480 in the Patapsco. Total aromatic
concentrations ranged from 440,000 to 3,100 ppb in
and
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
the Elizabeth and from 2.7 x 10 to the 6th power to
6100 ppb in the Patapsco. Similar to observation in the
Chesapeake Bay, unsubstituted polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons dominated, contributing about 50% to
the total resolved concentration. The report consists of
four appendices which present lists of concentrations
and computer reconstructed gas chromatograms of
'aromatic' extracts from Elizabeth River sediments.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Sediments, 'Water
pollution, 'Elizabeth River, 'Patapsco River, 'Chesa-
peake Bay, 'Toxicity, Concentration(Composition), Ar-
omatic compounds, Gas chromatography, Fractions,
Extraction, Tables(Data), Spectrum signature.
PB89-134118/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Effect* of Atrazlne on 'Zoitera marina' in Chesa-
peake Bay, Virginia. Draft rept. (final),
Virginia Inst, of Marine Science, Gloucester Point.
C. Hershner, K. Ward, J. Illowsky, D. Delistraty, and J.
Martorana. Aug 82,286p EPA/600/3-88/050
Grant EPA-R-805953
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, An-
napolis, MD. Chesapeake Bay Program.
The project was designed to assess the effects of agri-
cultural herbicides on submerged aquatic vegetation in
the Lower Chesapeake Bay. Atrazine was selected for
testing because it is the most widely utilized herbicide
in the Bay region. Zostera marina was the submerged
vegetation studied. The project began with two sur-
veys. The first survey, conducted Tn 1979, covered
forty eight stations throughout the Virginia portion of
the Chesapeake Bay. The survey was designed to indi-
cate typical atrazine loading for the lower Bay. A
second survey in 1980 was limited to the Severn River,
and was intended to indicate the duration of peak atra-
zine loading. Field dosing experiments, utilizing large
plexiglass enclosures, measured effects of short-term
atrazine exposure on the net production of the Zostera
community. Greenhouse experiments, utilizing a flow-
through dosing system, measured effects of long-term
(21 day) atrazine exposure on the morphology of
mature Zostera plants.
Keywords: 'Atrazine, 'Aquatic plants, 'Herbicides,
'Water pollution, 'Chesapeake Bay, Surveys, Agricul-
ture, Runoff, Mortality, Land use, Photosynthesis, Field
teats. Dosage, Exposure, Greenhouses, Morphology,
Maturation, Estuaries, Tables(Data), Maps,
Graphs(Chart8), 'Zastera marina, Eel grass, 'Water
pollution effect8(Plants), Organic loading.
PM9-134126/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Interfacing Nonpolnt Source Program* with the
Conservation Reserve: Outdance for Water Qual-
ity Managers. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
M. D. Smolen, K. J. Adler, A. L. Lanier, D. L. Hoag, and
0. W. Miller. Sep 88,32p EPA/506/2-88/001
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina State
Univ. at Raleigh.
The manual is intended as a guide for state NPS agen-
cies and area-wide planning agencies to coordinate
Section 319 activities with FSA85 Title XII - Conserva-
tion, which created the Conservation Reserve, Highly
Erodible Land Conservation (HELC), and Wetland
Conservation (WC) subtitles. The HELC subtitle man-
dates the Conservation Compliance (CC) and Sod-
buster programs that protect highly credible cropland.
In addition, to discourage the drainage of wetlands, the
Swampbuster program was established, under the WC
gubtttie. The manual uses targeting concepts, reviews
FSA85 conservation programs, with an emphasis on
the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), and sug-
gests ways to coordinate programs to optimize the
State's NPS management effort
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Manuals, 'Water pollution
control, Regional planning, State government, Guide-
lines, Wetlands, Soil conservation, Watersheds, Fed-
eral assistance programs, Farm management, *Non-
oohtt sources, 'Water quality management, Food Se-
curity Act of 1985, Water Quality Act of 1987, Inter-
agency cooperation.
PBM-134142/HSU	PC A1S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Fundamental Studies of Dry injection of Calcium-
Based Sorbents for S02 Control In Utility Boilers.
Final rept. Oct 85-Sep 87,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
G. H. Newton, D. K. Moyeda, G. Kindt, J. M. McCarthy,
and S. L. Chen. Dec 88,330p EPA-600/2-88/069
Contract EPA-68-02-4239
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report describes research to determine the mech-
anisms which limit the extent of reaction between S02
and calcium-based sorbents (CaC03 and Ca(OH)2) by
measuring the in situ physical structure and reactivity
of sorbent injected into a combustion environment for
residence times as short as 35 ms. Four models of the
sulfation reaction were used to guide the research and
interpret the data. The extent of sorbent utilization was
found to be limited by porosity losses during the sor-
bent activation process. In situ porosities, a fraction of
that theoretically possible, were measured in the ab-
sence of S02. Calcines from CaC03 suffered greater
losses in porosity than those from Ca(OH)2 which,
along with the larger CaC03 particle size, accounts for
the substantial differences in S02 capture between
these two sorbents.
Keywords: 'Desulfurization, 'Boilers, 'Sulfur dioxide,
'Air pollution control equipment, 'Sorbents, 'Calcium
inorganic compounds, Chemical reactions, Porosity,
Utilities, Combustion products, Natural gas, 'Coal fired
power plants, Stationary sources.
PBM-134159/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Field Screening Method* Catalog: User'* Guide.
Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Sep 88,127p EPA/540/2-88/005
The Field Screening Methods Catalog contains a com-
pilation of methods that were identified as being used
in EPA Regions. Several methods contain no method
performance Information, because this information
was not available. The Catalog was developed to
assist the user in identifying field screening methods
applicable to specific site characteristics. A computer
system was developed using dBase III Plus and oper-
ates on an IBM compatible microcomputer. The user
may search for field methods by entering selection cri-
teria, including chemical class, name, or CAS number,
method name or number, matrix type (air, soil, and/or
water) and a minimum detection limit.
Keywords: 'Field tests, 'Hazardous materials, 'Chem-
ical analysis, Sampling, Computer systems programs,
Information systems, 'Hazardous waste sites, 'Risk
assessment, Cleanup operations, Hazard analysis.
PB89-134290/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Characterization of Spatial and Temporal Trend*
In Water Quality in Puget Sound. Final rept.
Tetra Tech, Inc., Bellevue, WA.
Jul 88,445p EPA/503/3-88/003
Contracts EPA-68-03-3319, EPA-68-02-4341
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seat-
tle, WA. Region X, and Battelle Ocean Sciences, Dux-
bury, MA.
The primary purpose of the study was to assess
whether water quality in Puget Sound has changed
over time. The major focus of the study was nutrient
enrichment and the enhancement of algal blooms. The
physical variables investigated were salinity and water
temperature. The chemical variables investigated
were concentrations of dissolved oxygen, Inorganic ni-
trate, and orthophosphate. The intensity of algal
blooms was measured by the concentration of chloro-
phyll a, percent dissolved oxygen saturation in surface
water, and Sacchi disk depth. The concentration of
sulfite waste liquor was evaluated as an index of pulp
mill pollution. The concentration of fecal collform bac-
teria was evaluated as an index of sewage contamina-
tion.
Keywords: 'Periodic variations, 'Water pollution,
'Puget sound, Trends, Salinity, Temperature, Plankton
blooms, Algae, Chlorophylls, Oxygen, Inorganic ni-
trates, Phosphorus, Nutrients, Dissolved gases,
Concentration(Compo8itlon), Conform bacteria, Pulp
mills, Sewage disposal.
PB89-134332/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Assessment of Potential Toxic Problems In Non-
Urban Areas of Puget Sound. Final rept.
TetraTech, Inc., Bellevue, WA.
Aug 88,190p EPA/503/3-88/002
Contracts EPA-68-03-3319, EPA-68-02-4341
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seat-
tle, WA. Region X, and Battelle Ocean Sciences, Dux-
bury, MA.
The report compiles and interprets information on po-
tential environmental degradation from toxic chemical
contaminants in non-urban areas within Puget Sound.
Prior to the publication, information on toxic contami-
nants in the areas of concern was scattered among
numerous locations in forms not readily usable. The
objectives of the study were (1) to identify, by interpret-
ing existing information, non-urban areas in Puget
Sound that may have serious contamination or biologi-
cal problems, and (2) to prioritize those areas for future
detailed studies. Of the 97 non-urban areas of Puget
Sound evaluated in the study by the Environmental As-
sessment Matrix technique, only 6 received a ranking
of HIGH which may qualify them for consideration as
sites for future, detailed investigations. The areas of
significant concern are: the Guemes/Fldalgo Channel,
Port Angeles Harbor, Crescent Harbor, Richmond
Beach, Liberty Bay, and East Passage.
Keywords: 'Marine biology, 'Toxicity, 'Contaminants,
'Puget Sound, Sediments, Assessment, Sources,
Degradation, Evaluation, Channels(Waterways), Har-
bors, Beaches, BaysfLandforms), 'Toxic substances,
'Risk assessment, 'Environment pollution, Non-urban
areas.
PB8B-134340/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Workbook of Screening Techniques for Assess-
ing Impacts of Toxic Air Pollutant*. Final rept.,
TRC Environmental Consultants, Inc., East Hartford,
CT.
J. S. Touma. Sep 88,199p EPA/450/4-88/009
Contract EPA-68-02-3886
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The workbook provides a logical approach to the se-
lection of appropriate screening techniques for esti-
mating ambient concentrations due to various toxic/
hazardous pollutant releases. Methods used in the
workbook apply to situations where a release can be
fairly well defined, a condition typically associated with
non-accidental toxic releases. The format of the work-
book is built around a series of scenarios considered
typical and representative of the means by which toxic
chemicals become airborne. For each scenario, the
workbook helps the user identify applicable release
scenarios and determine release and emission rates
and then guides the user through all the steps required
for making atmospheric dispereion estimates. An ex-
ample application of the emission and associated dis-
persion estimation methods for each release scenario
is provided.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Hazardous materials,
'Mathematical models, 'Atmospheric diffusion, Manu-
als, Meteorological data, Exhaust gases, Environmen-
tal tests, Simulation, Predictions,
Screening(Selection), Programmed Instruction, Phys-
icochemical properties, Transport properties, 'Air toxic
substances, 'Air pollution episodes, Path of pollutants,
Contingency planning.
PB89-134367/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Review of Ecological Risk A**e*sment Method*.
Final rept,
ICF, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
S. Norton, M. McVey, J. Colt J. Durda, and R. Hegner.
Nov 88,181p* EPA/230/10-88/041
Contract EPA-68-01-7489
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Policy, Planning ana Eval-
uation.
The report provides a review of several of the methods
developed by EPA and other Federal and State agen-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
cies for assessing ecological impacts or risks associat-
ed with the release of toxic or hazardous substances
into the environment. Included is a review of legislative
or executive directives under which ecological assess-
ment methods have been developed. Three general
objectives of ecological assessments are identified
and discussed. Qualitative and quantitative methods
are discussed, and 'top-down' and 'bottom-up' ap-
proaches are compared. Individual reviews of twenty
ecological assessment methods focus on four major
components of ecological risk assessment: receptor
characterization, hazard assessment, exposure as-
sessment, and risk characterization.
Keywords: * Hazardous materials, "Exposure, 'Mathe-
matical models, "Regulations, Human ecology, Animal
ecology, Plant ecology, Public health, Predictions, Sta-
tistical analysis, Chemical analysis, Government poli-
cies, Legislation, Industrial wastes, Toxic substances,
"Air pollution effects(Humans), "Water pollution
effects(Humans), Risk assessment, Path of pollutants.
PB89-134399/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Chesapeake Bay Earth Science Study: Interstitial
Water Chemistry-Chemical Zonatlon, Tributaries
Study and Trace Metals. Final rept.,
Maryland Geological Survey, Baltimore.
J. M. Hill, P. J. Blakeslee, R. D. Conkwright, and G.
McKeon. Nov 82,79p EPA/600/3-88/053
Grant EPA-R-805693
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, An-
napolis, MD. Chesapeake Bay Program.
The sediments of the Chesapeake Bay constitute a
large reservoir of chemical species derived from natu-
ral and anthropogenic sources. The behavior of these
materials in the estuary is determined by the physio-
chemical sedimentary environments in which they are
found. Three major environments are identified, from
the interstitial water chemistry as Northern Bay, Middle
Bay, and Southern Bay. The chemical sedimentary en-
vironments of five tributaries to the main Bay were
sampled for interstitial water. The data indicate the
concentration of the metals are greater than coastal
seawater and river water, and comparable to concen-
trations found in municipal waste.
Keywords: Chesapeake Bay, "Sediments, "Trace ele-
ments, "Water chemistry, "Sea water, Intertidal zone,
"Water pollution, Sedimentation, Bed load, Detritus,
Lead, Cadmium, Copper, Zinc, Maryland, Elizabeth
River, Patapsco River, James River, Ware River,
Rhode River.
PB89-134407/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Biogenic Structure of Lower Chesapeake Bay
Sediments. Final rept.,
Virginia Inst, of Marine Science, Gloucester Point.
K. J. Nilsen, R. J. Diaz, L. C. Schaffner, D. F. Boesch,
and R. Bertelsen. Aug 82,257p EPA/600/3-88/054
Grant EPA-R-805982
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, An-
napolis, MD. Chesapeake Bay Program.
The study was designed to obtain information on the
animal-sediment relationships in the Chesapeake Bay
as a means of assessing the relative importance of
benthic macroinvertebrates in determining the distribu-
tion and fate of sediment-borne toxic substances.
Large volume box cores for biological examination
were collected simultaneously with cores taken by
Maryland Geological Survey for interstitial water chem-
istry. Vertical distribution of organisms within the cores
was utilized as a means of determining the depth of bi-
ological mixing. The vertical distribution of onanisms
has been found to be correlated to the depth of mixing.
Employed was an x-ray technique to determine the rel-
ative amounts of mixing in different areas of the estu-
ary as well as the types of biogenic structure produced
by resident organisms.
Keywords: "Sediments, "Benthos, "Aquatic animals,
"Marine biology, "Chesapeake Bay, Biological produc-
tivity, Dissolved organic matter, Invertebrates, Mixing,
Tables(Data), Maryland, Water chemistry, Estuaries,
•Path of pollutants.
PB89-134449/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Nursery Role of Seagrass Meadows in the Upper
and Lower Reaches of the Chesapeake Bay. Final
rept. 1979-82,
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, PA.
K. L. Heck, and T. A. Thoman. Jan 82,55p EPA/600/
3-88/052
Grant EPA-R-806151
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, An-
napolis, MD. Chesapeake Bay Program.
A two year trawling and gill-netting study of vegetated
and unvegetated bottoms near Parson's Island, Mary-
land and near the mouth of the York River, Virginia was
carried out to assess the nursery function of sub-
merged vegetation for population of fishes and deca-
pod crustaceans in the Chesapeake Bay. Results re-
vealed that vegetated bottoms supported substantially
larger numbers of decapods, but not fishes, than unve-
getated substrates. Also, the lower Bay grassbed was
an important nursery area for juvenile blue crabs, al-
though neither of the grassbeds functioned as a nurs-
ery for commercially or recreationally valuable fishes.
Keywords: "Marine fishes, "Sea grasses, "Chesa-
peake Bay, Populations, Shellfish, Assessments,
Shrimps, Crabs, Biomass, Reduction, Substrates,
Sampling, Vegetation, Parson's Island, Maryland.
PB89-134548/HSU	PC A09/MF AOI
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Structural and Functional Aspect* of the Ecology
of Submerged Aquatic Macrophyte Communities
in the Lower Chesapeake Bay. volume 1. Studies
on Structure and Function of a Temperate, Estua-
rine Seagrass Community: Vauciuse Shores,
Lower Chesapeake Bay, Virginia, USA. Final rept.,
Virginia Inst, of Marine Science, Gloucester Point.
R. E. Tine, and R. L. Wetzel. Aug 82,195p EPA/600/3-
88/051 A
Grant EPA-R-805974
See also Volume 2, PB89-134555. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD. Chesa-
peake Bay Program.
There is increasing evidence which suggests that pri-
mary production in both marine and estuarine systems
is generally nitrogen limited. Orth (1977) demonstrated
a positive growth response in Zostera marina commu-
nities in the Bay to added commercial fertilizer treat-
ments. These data together with the consistent and
predictable pattern for the depth distribution of sea-
grasses in the Lower Chesapeake Bay suggests that
light (and/or factors influencing the quality and quanti-
ty of the light regime) and nutrients are principal fac-
tors governing the distribution and metabolism of the
submerged aquatic plant communities. The overall ob-
jectives of the studies are given in the report.
Keywords: "Aquatic plants, "Ecology, "Chesapeake
Bay, Fertilizers, Primary biological productivity, Photo-
synthesis, Growth, Sea grasses, Depth, Underwater
light, Transmittance, Metabolism, Diurnal variations,
Seasonal variations.
PB89-134555/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Structural and Functional Aspects of the Ecology
of Submerged Aquatic Macrophyte Communltlee
In the Lower Chesapeake Bay. Volume 2: Subma-
rine Light Quantity and Quality in the Lower
Chesapeake Bay and Its Potential Role in the
Ecology of Submerged Seagrass Communities.
Final rept,
Virginia Inst, of Marine Science, Gloucester Point.
R. F. van Tine, and R. L. Wetzel. Aug 82,164p EPA/
600/3-88/051B
Grant EPA-R-805974
See also Volume 1, PB89-134548. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD. Chesa-
peake Bay Program.
The research reported on in the volume is concerned
with the underwater light environment and its relation-
ship to submerged aquatic vegetation. Since light
energy is the force by which all ecosystems are driven
and since it has been suggested by some researchers
that the light environment of the Chesapeake Bay has
deteriorated coincident with declining SAV distribution,
a research program was devised to analyze the under-
water light environment of the lower Chesapeake Bay
with respect to seagrasses. As estuarine waters are
frequently heavily laden with both autochthonous and
allchthonus loads of both organic and inorganic sus-
pended and dissolved materials-all of which affect the
spectral distribution of light underwater. The results of
these studies along with an analysis of past and
present research on the topic reported for the Chesa-
peake Bay, a primer on aquatic optics and a compara-
tive report on underwater irradiance in a tropical sea-
grass bed are presented in the report.
Keywords: "Aquatic plants, "Ecology, "Chesapeake
Bay, Primary biological productivity, Photosynthesis,
Underlight light, Organic materials. Sea grasses. Opti-
cal spectra, Transmittance, Nutrients, "Zostera
marina, Eel grass.
PB89-134563/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Longitudinal Changes In Fish Assemblages and
Water Quality In the Willamette River, Oregon
(Journal Version). Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
R. M. Hughes, and J. R. Gammon. C1987,16pEPA/
600/J-87/457
Pub. in Transactions of the American Fisheries Socie-
ty, v116 n2 p196-209 1987. Prepared in cooperation
with DePauw Univ., Greencastle, IN. Dept. of Zoology.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
A survey of the fish assemblages between river kilo-
meter 283 and 2 of the mainstream Willamette River,
Oregon, was conducted in 1983 to evaluate the effects
of improved water quality on longitudinal change* in
fish assemblages and the usefulness of two indices of
fish assemblage quality (index of well being and index
of biotic integrity). Physical and chemical habitat qual-
ity and fish assemblage quality showed gradual, simi-
lar, and expected declines from the upper to the lower
river, with only small changes near large point soutom
of pollution. More fish species, more species intolerant
of poor habitat quality, and fewer species tolerant of
poor habitat occurred in 1983 than in 1945. Stream
order was not a predictor of fish assemblage patterns.
A modification of the index of biotic integrity appeared
to reflect changes in fish assemblage patterns and
habitat quality better than the index of well being.
(Copyright (c) by the American Fisheries Society
1987.)
Keywords: "Fresh water fishes, "Ecological suooee-
sion, "Willamette River, "Aquatic biology, "Water qual-
ity, Animal ecology, Oregon, Environmental surveys.
Reprints, "Water pollution effects(Animals), "Biologi-
cal adaptation.
PB89-134597/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Rate of Soli Reduction as Affected by Level* of
Methyl Parathlon and 2, 4,-D (Journal Version).
Journal article,
Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge. Center for Wet-
land Resources.
K. S. Reddv, and R. P. Gambrell. c1985,28p EPA/
600/J-85/532
Grant EPA-R-807018
Pub. In Jnl. Environmental Science find Health, vB20
n3 p275-298 Mar 85. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab., Athens, GA.
A simple technique was demonstrated for determMaa
the potential for synthetic organic® to stress microhm
populations. Oxidized Crowly and Cecil soil materials
were amended with varying concentrations of 2,4-Q
and methyl parathion, flooded, and then analyzed Jor
changes in pH, redox potential, and levels of soKma
plus exchangeable Fe, Mn, and Zn, all of which may be
directly or indirectly influenced by the activity of SON
microorganisms. At the concentrations tested (up to
75 ppm), there was little effect of 2,4-0, but methyl par-
athion apparently did affect microbial activity contribut-
ing to changes in the measured soil properties ran
flooding. This approach may be a useful tschniquMor
inlng various compounds for their potential to
that 4«»	^ —«- " !
screen!
stress
is in the measured soil properties bum
be a useful technioue fr*
ds for their
stress microbial activity that, for many researchers!
would be easier than direct observations of microbial
parameters such as population numbers snd dim
cations, and enzyme levels. (Copyright (c) 1986
Marcel Dekka, Inc.)
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Land pollution, 'Soil microbiology, 'Insec-
ticides, 'Herbicides, 'Pesticides, Flooding, pH,
Reduction(Chemistry), Phosphorus organic com-
pounds, Chlorine organic compounds, Reprints,
'Methyl parathion, "D 2-4 herbicide, Phosphorothioic
acid/(dimethyl-ester)-(nitrophenyl ester), Acetic acid/
dichlorophenoxy.
PB89-134605/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Transpiration Effect on the Uptake and Distribu-
tion of Bromacll, Nitrobenzene, and Phenol in
Soybean Plant* (Journal Version). Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. C. McFarlane, T. Pfleeger, and J. Fletcher. 1987,8p
EPA/600/J-87/454
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality, v16 n4 p372-376
Oct-Dec 87.
The influence of transpiration rate on the uptake and
translocation of two industrial waste compounds,
phenol and nitrobenzene, and one pesticide, 5-bromo-
3-sec-butyl-6-methyluracil (bromacll), was examined.
Carbon-14 moieties of each compound were provided
separately in hydroponic solution to mature soybean
plants maintained under three humidity conditions.
Bromacil was taken up slower than the other chemi-
cals, had the most 14C translocated to the shoot, and
the amount translocated to the shoot responded di-
rectly to the rate of transpiration. In contrast, both
phenol and nitrobenzene were rapidly lost from solu-
tion and bound to the roots. Less than 1.5% of the 14C
from phenol or nitrobenzene was translocated to the
plant shoots. Increased transpiration rates had little in-
fluence on root binding of 14C; however, increasing
transpiration rate from Tow to medium was associated
with an increased uptake of nitrobenzene.
Keywords: 'Herbicides, 'Phenol, 'Nitrobenzenes, 'Ar-
omatic hydrocarbons, 'Industrial wastes,
•Absorption(Biology), 'Soybean plants, 'Transpira-
tion, Plant physiology, 'Pesticide residues, 'Bromacll,
'Translocation, Carbon 14 compounds, Dynamic func-
tion studies, Tracer techniques, Glycine hispida, Bio-
logical accumulation, Uptake, Root absorption.
PBM-134613/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Microcosm Method to Assess Survival of Recom-
binant Bacteria Associated with Plants snd Her-
bivorous Insects (Journal Version). Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. L Armstrong, G. R. Knudsen, and R. J. Seidler.
C1987,6p* EPA/600/J-87/455
Pub. in Current Microbiology, v15 p229-232 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Oregon State Univ., Corval-
Iis7 Dept. of Microbiology.
A microcosm method was developed to investigate
survival and fate of genetically engineered bacteria as-
sociated with plant surfaces and a plant-feeding
insect, the variegated cutworm, Perldroma saucla.
Larvae on radish plants in microcosms were sprayed
with nonrecombinant Pseudomonas cepacia and a re-
combinant strain of P. cepacia carrying the transmissi-
ble plasmid R388::Tn1721. Immediately after spraying,
p. cepacia comprised about 20%-30% of the total
population on leaves. After 2 days, the total epiphytic
population had increased approximately fourfold, while
the P. cepacia strains had decreased to 2%-30% of
their Initial numbers. Plasmid transfer from P. cepacia
R388::Tn 1721 to the nonrecombinant recipient P. ce-
pacia strain was not observed. (Copyright (c) Springer-
Verlag New York Inc. 1987.)
Keywords: 'Genetic intervention, 'Recombinant DNA,
*Pfants(Botany), 'Ecosystems, 'Population dynamics,
Survival, Plasmids, Reprints, 'Pseudomonas cepacia,
'Cutworms, 'Peridroma saucla.
PBM-134621/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Growth Measurements of Terrestrial Microbial
SMdM by a Continuous-Flow Technique (Journal
Varslon). Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
C W. Hendricks, E. A. Paul, and P. D. Brooks. C1987,
9p EPA/600/J-87/456
Pub. In Plant and Soil, v101 pi 89-195 1987. Prepared
in oooperation with California Univ., Berkeley. Dept. of
Plant and Soil Biology.
A continuous nutrient flow system has been developed
to measure microbial activity in soli with various con-
centrations of added substrate. The system consists of
a thin soil layer through which substrate was added
continuously over periods up to 4.5 days. Substrate uti-
lization was determined by effluent analysis. Respira-
tion was measured manually by injecting a sample into
a gas chromatograph or automatically by coupling the
growth chamber to a computer-controlled gas sam-
pling valve. This permitted respiratory C02 to be
measured by the gas chromatograph at intervals se-
lected by the investigator. Software controlling the
valve and gas chromatograph not only automated gas
phase sampling, but also provided a scan of C02 evo-
lution and a preliminary data summary. Data for growth
on glucose using a microbial population native to a
California annual grassland soil demonstrated that the
direct cell count and respiratory techniques for bio-
mass estimation give comparable results. (Copyright
(c) Martinus Nijhofr Publishers.)
Keywords: 'Soil microbiology, 'Cultures(Biology),
Growth, Metabolism, Fungi, Respiration, Bacteria,
Carbon dioxide, Equipment, Methodology, Glucose,
Reprints.
PB89-134639/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Estimating Downwind Concentrations of Viable
Airborne Microorganisms in Dynamic Atmospher-
ic Conditions (Journal Version). Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
B. Lighthart, and A. J. Mohr. 1987,6p EPA/600/J-87/
458
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v53
n7 p1580-1583 1987. Prepared in cooperation with
Department of the Army, Washington, DC.
A Gaussian plume model has been modified to include
an airborne microbial survival term that is a best-fit
function of laboratory experimental data of weather
variables. The model has been included in an algo-
rithm using microbial source strength and local hourly
mean weather data to drive the model through a
summer- and winter-day cycle. For Illustrative pur-
poses, a composite airborne virus (developed using
actual characteristics from two viruses) was used to
show how wind speed could have a major modulating
effect on near-source viable concentrations.
Keywords: 'Microorganisms, 'Air pollution control,
'Mathematical modds, 'Aerodynamic loads, Predic-
tors, Meteorological data, Plumes, Wlnd(Meteorology),
Viruses, Computerized simulation, Reprints, 'Atmos-
pheric dispersion, 'Path of pollutants.
PB89-134647/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Wasts Allocation Simulation Models: A State-of-
the-Art Review (Journal Version). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, QA.
R. B. Ambrose, J. P. Connolly, E. Southerland, T. 0.
Barnwell, and J. L. Schnoor. c1988,13p EPA/600/J-
88/209
Pub. in Jnl. Water Pollution Control Federation, v60 n9
p1646-1655 Sep 88. Presented at the Annual Confer-
ence of the Water Pollution Control Federation (59th),
Los Angeles, CA. Prepared in cooperation with Man-
hattan Coll., Bronx, NY., and Iowa Univ., Iowa City.
The waste load allocation process for toxic chemicals
requires a different approach than that used for con-
ventional pollutants. Present waste load allocations for
toxicants generally rely on simple dilution calculations
for low stream flow conditions. The paper examines
the new water quality criteria for toxicants and the
modeling strategies used to implement the criteria.
The new criteria specify an acute threshold concentra-
tion and a chronic-no-effect concentration for each
toxicant as well as tolerable durations and frequencies
of exposure at or above the two concentrations. Meth-
ods for using steady-state and dynamic models to
derive waste load allocations based on the new criteria
are reviewed. Physical, chemical, and biological proc-
esses affecting toxicants in the mixing zone and far-
field regimes of streams are summarized.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Water pollution control,
'Mathematical models, 'Physicochemlcal properties,
'Statistical analysis, 'Computerized simulation, Pre-
dictions, Reprints, 'Toxic substances, 'Water quality
index, 'Path of pollutants, Point sources.
PBM-134662/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Conjugation and Genetic Recombination in Es-
cherichia coil' In Sterile and NonsterHe Soil (Jour-
nal Version). Journal article,
New York Univ., NY. Dept. of Biology.
V. N. Krasovsky, and G. Stotzky. C1987,10p EPA/
600/J-87/461
Pub. in Soil Biology and Biochemistry, v19 n5 p631-
638 1987. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
Conjugal transfer of chromosomal DNA and genetic
recombination of E. coli occurred in both stenle and
nonsterile soil, but the frequency of recombination
(F.O.R.) was higher in sterile soil. The F.O.R. was in-
creased when the soil was amended with montmoril-
lonite but not when amended with kaolinite, and both
the survival of the parentals and conjugation (i.e., the
F.O.R.) increased as the pH of the soil was increased
from 4.7 towards neutrality. (Copyright (c) 1987 Perga-
mon Journals, Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Recombinant DNA, 'Escherichia coli,
'Genetic conjugation, 'Soil microbiology, Genetic re-
combination, pH.
PB89-134670/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Cumulative Impacts of Oil Fields on Northern
Alaskan Landscapes (Journal Version). Journal ar-
ticle,
Colorado Univ., Boulder.
D. A. Walker, P. J. Webber, E. F. Binnian, K. R. Everett,
and N. D. Lederer. c1987,7p EPA/600/J-87/460
Pub. in Science, v238 p757-761 Nov 87. Prepared in
cooperation with North Slope Borough, Anchorage,
AK„ and Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Sponsored oy
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Proposed further developments on Alaska's Arctic
Coastal Plain raise questions about cumulative effects
on arctic tundra ecosystems of development of multi-
ple large oil fields. Maps of historical changes to the
Prudhoe Bay Oil Field show indirect impacts can lag
behind planned developments by many years and the
total area eventually disturbed can greatly exceed the
planned area of construction. For example, in the wet-
test parts of the oil field (flat thaw-lake plains), flooding
and thermokarst covered more than twice the area di-
rectly affected by roads and other construction activi-
ties. Protecting critical wildlife habitat is the central
issue for cumulative impact analysis in northern
Alaska. Comprehensive landscape planning with the
use of geographic information system technology and
detailed geobotanical maps can help identify ana pro-
tect areas of high wildlife use.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Oil fields, 'Prob-
ability distribution functions, 'Alaska, 'Landscaping,
Wildlife, Geological maps, Reprints, 'Arctic Coastal
Rain, Prudhoe Bay, Ecosystems.
PB89-134688/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Kinetics of Mixed Microbial Assemblages En-
hance Removal of Highly Dilute Organic Sub-
strates (Journal Version). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
D. L. Lewis, R. E. Hodson, and H. M. Hwang. c1988,6p
EPA/600/J-88/210
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v54
n8 p2054-2057 Aug 88. Prepared in cooperation with
Georgia Univ., Athens.
Experiments with selected organic substrates reveal
that the rate-limiting process governing microbial deg-
radation rates changes with substrate concentration,
S, in such a manner that substrate removal is en-
hanced at lower values of S. This enhancement is the
result of the dominance of very efficient systems for
substrate removal at low substrate concentrations.
The variability of dominant kinetic parameters over a
range of S causes the kinetics of complex assem-
blages to be profoundly dissimilar to those of systems
processing a single set of kinetic parameters; the find-
ings necessitate taking a new approach to predicting
substrate removal rates over wloe ranges of S. (Copy-
right (c) 1988, American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Aquatic microbiology,
"Biodeterioration, 'Reaction kinetics, 'Organic com-
pounds, Mathematical models, Phenols, Glucose, Al-
cohols, Acetone, Chlorine organic compounds, Fresh
water. Salt water, Reprints, Acetic add/dichiorophen-
oxy-Onethyt ester).
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB89-134696/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Design and Characterization of a 1200C Entrained
Flow, Gas/Solid Reactor (Journal Version). Journal
article,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
B. K. Gullett, J. A. Blom, and G. R. Gillis. C1988, 7p
EPA/600/J-88/212
Contract EPA-68-02-4701
Pub. in Review of Scientific instruments, v59 n9
p1980-1984 Sep 88. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses the design and characterization
of a 1200 C flow reactor for studying non-catalytic gas/
solid reactions. The reactor is designed for high-tem-
perature isothermal operation in a developing laminar-
flow regime. The process gas is raised to the reaction
temperature by a tubular preheat furnace fitted with se-
quential alumina honeycombs for increased convec-
tive and radiative surface area. The preheat furnace
eliminates typical use of a flame burner to reach these
high temperatures, thereby eliminating combustion
gases which may affect the reaction of interest. The
reactive solid is introduced into the flow reactor by a
water-cooled injection probe. Reacted solids are col-
lected by a stainless steel, water-cooled probe capa-
ble of axial movement. Solids residence times can be
varied between about 50 and 250 ms, depending on
process gas flowrate and collection probe height in the
reactor. Sample results are presented for the CaO/
S02 reaction at varying times and temperatures.
Keywords: *Air pollution, "Reaction kinetics, Laminar
flow, Flames, Exhaust gases, Combustion, Solids, Cal-
cium oxides, Entrainment, Chemical reactors.
PB89-134704/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Persistence of SCE (Sister Chromatid Exchange)-
Inducing Lesions in Lymphocytes of Mice Ex-
posed to Diszlquone (Journal Version). Journal ar-
tide,
Se2!th^Ef,ec,s Research Lab., Research Triangle
r 8TK, NC.
A. D. Kligerman, M. F. Bryant, G. L. Erexson, and J. R
Rabinowitz. C1988,18p EPA/600/J-88/211
i1)?' i.n« Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis,
v12 pi 85-199 1988. Prepared in cooperation with En-
vironmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Male C57B1/6 mice were injected ip. with either 1.25
or 5.0 mg/kg diaziquone (AZQ) and killed at various
time intervals from 1 to 99 days post-treatment for ex-
amination of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) persist-
ence in the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and
splenocytes. SCE frequencies were found to decay
steeply during the first week after exposure in both
PBLs and splenocytes. This was followed by a slower
decline to baseline over the next week. However, high
frequency cell (HFC) analysis indicates that significant
numbers of HFCs persist in the PBLs through day 28
and splenocytes at day 99 post-exposure. Mathemati-
cal modeling of the time-response curves indicates
that the average life span of the majority of AZQ-phy-
tohemagglutimn is between 3 and 5 days.
Keywords: "Toxicology, 'Mutagenicity tests, "Cytoge-
netics, "Sister chromatid exchange, 'Lymphocytes,
'Antineoplastic agents, Laboratory animals, Spleen,
Mathematical models, Azirldines, Reprints, "Diazi-
quone,	Benzoquinone/diaziridinyl-
bis(carboethoxyamino), CAS 57998-68-2.
PB89-134712/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Target Transformation Factor Analysis as an Aer-
osol Mass Apportionment Method: A Review and
Sensitivity Study (Journal Version). Journal article,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Inst, for Environ-
mental Studies.
P. K. Hopke. c1988,19p EPA/600/J-88/213
Contract EPA-68-02-3449
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v22 n9 pi 777-1792
1988. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric
Sciences Research Lab.
Over the past several years, a multivariate receptor
model called Target Transformation Factor Analysis
(TTFA) has been applied to various problems of envi-
ronmental source resolution. In recent reports on the
analysis of data sets with known structure, good re-
sults were obtained. In order to further test the TTFA
approach, additional simulated data sets have been
created with varying degrees of collinearity of the
source profiles and normally distributed uncertainty.
The effect of the collinearity is to restrict the number of
resolvable sources. The analytical error affects the
identification of the number of sources and develop-
ment of accurate profiles. (Copyright (c) 1988 Perga-
mon Press.)
Keywords: "Aerosols, "Atmospheric diffusion, "Mathe-
matical models, Computerized simulation, Statistical
analysis, Predictions, Errors, Accuracy, Air pollution
control, Reprints, "Point sources, "Particulates, "Path
of pollutants.
PB89-134720/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Upstream Motions in Stratified Flow (Journal Ver-
sion). Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
I. P. Castro, and W. H. Snyder. C1988,23p EPA/600/J-
88/214
Pub. in Jnl. of Fluid Mechanics, v187 p487-506 1988.
Prepared in cooperation with Surrey Univ., Guildford
(England). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering.
In the paper experimental measurements of the time-
dependent velocity and density perturbations up-
stream of obstacles in linearly stratified flow are pre-
sented. Attention is concentrated on obstacles which
generate turbulent separated wakes at Froude num-
bers, based on velocity and body height (U/Nh), of
less than 0.5. The form of the upstream columnar
modes is shown to be largely that of first-order unat-
tenuating disturbances, which have little resemblance
to the perturbations described by small obstacle height
theories (e.g., Mclntyre, 1972). For two-dimensional
obstacles, the disturbances are similar to those found
by Wei et al (1975) and it is shown that provided a suit-
able obstacle drag coefficient is specified, the lowest
order modes (at least) are quantitatively consistent
with the results of linear theory based on the Oseen in-
viscid model (e.g., Janowitz, 1981). The experiments
complement earlier work and a study of the corre-
sponding columnar disturbances upstream of three-di-
mensional obstacles is included. A discussion of the
importance of towing tank end-walls and the relevance
of the Foster & Saffman (1970) theory for the limit of
zero Froude number is also included.
Keywords: Velocity, Density, Froude number, Fluid
flow, Turbulence, Experimental data, Mathematical
models, "Stratified flow.
PB89-134746/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Assessment of Reproductive Risks (Journal Ver-
sion). Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
E. D. Clegg, C. S. Sakai, and P. E. Voytek. 1985,14p
EPA/600/J-85/501
Pub. in Biology of Reproduction, v34 p5-161986.
In the regulatory process, the hazards posed by poten-
tially toxic agents to the female and male reproductive
systems and to developing young are evaluated by risk
assessment procedures. In the paper, toxicity testing
and the regulatory process are discussed, with empha-
sis on risk assessment. The suggested testing proto-
cols of the Pesticide Assessment Guidelines (U.S.
EPA) are presented as an example of testing that
might be done to produce toxicity data for an agent.
Protocols and end points that are utilized in testing for
reproductive effects are described. Included are acute,
subchronic, chronic, and short-term tests. The four
components of reproductive risk assessment (hazard
identification, dose-response assessment, exposure
assessment, and risk characterization) are examined.
Effects of dibromochloropropane on rabbit testicular
parameters are used to demonstrate approaches that
could be taken in doing a reproductive risk assess-
ment. Research needs are identified. Areas in which
changes in reproductive risk assessment are anticipat-
ed, as well as the mechanism for influencing the nature
and extent of those changes are discussed.
Keywords:	"Pesticides,	"Toxicology,
•Reproduction(Biology), "Hazardous materials, "Tera-
togens, Laboratory animals, Humans, Males, Females,
Regulations, Tests, Concentration(Composition), Ex-
posure, Methodology, Reprints, Risk assessment.
PB89-134753/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Plant Exposure Chambers for Study of Toxic
Chemical-Plant Interactions (Journal Version).
Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. C. McFarlane, andT. Pfleeger. 1987,13p EPA/600/
J-87/459
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality, v16 n4 p361-371
Oct-Dec87.
Chambers for the study of plant uptake and phytotoxi-
city of toxic, radio-labeled chemicals are described.
The chambers are designed to meet the criteria of
continuously stirred tank reactors while providing con-
tainment for toxic chemical. They are computer man-
aged and operated within a controlled environment
room. Besides providing controlled conditions within
the contained spaces, continuous measurements are
made of various environmental parameters and plant
transpiration, net photosynthesis, and dark respiration
in up to 18 separate chambers.
Keywords: "Plant ecology, "Industrial wastes, "Toxici-
ty, "Test chambers, Transpiration, Photosynthesis,
Respiration, Environmental tests, Closed ecological
systems, Reprints, "Air toxic substances, Risk f	
ment, Uptake.
PB89-134761/HSU	PCAO6/MFA01
Available Disposal Capacity for Solid Wast* in Illi-
nois: Second Annuel Report
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Land Pollution Control.
Oct 88,110p IEPA/LPC-88/036
See also PB88-119672.
In the report, the table of contents includes the follow-
ing: Executive summary; Introduction: Programs and
activities of the Illinois environmental protection
agency, Programs and activities of the Department of
Energy and Natural Resources, Programs and activi-
ties of the University of Illinois; Data collection and
methodology: Active landfills, Landfill capacity, Public/
private, Disposal volumes, Projections of landfill ca-
pacity depletion, Imports and exports; Solid waste dis-
posal capacity: Statewide, Northwestern Illinois-
region 1, Chicago metropolitan-region 2, Peoria-quMi
cities-region 3, East-central Illinois-region 4, West-
central Illinois-region 5, East St Louis metro-region
6, Southern Illinois-region 7; Summary and conclu-
sions: and References: Appendix.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, "Illinois, Refuse, Recy-
cling, Recovery, Combustion, Earth fills, Capacity,
"Solid waste management.
PB89-134779/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Chemical and Physical Characteristics of Lakes of
the Southeastern United States (Journal Version),
Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
J. M. Eilers, D. H. Landers, and D. F. Brakke. c1988, Bp
EPA/600/J-88/231
Contract EPA-68-03-3246
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v22
n2 p172-177, 1988. See also PB88-251764. Prepared
in cooperation with Western Washington Univ., Bel-
lingham. Inst, for Watershed Studies. Sponsored by
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A survey of the chemical status of 252 lakes, repre-
senting an estimated 2424 lakes, was conducted in the
Southern Blue Ridge province and in Florida during
Fall 1984. The survey was part of the Eastern Lake
Survey designed to quantify the number of acidic lakes
and lakes with low acid neutralizing capacity (ANC)
with surface area greater than 4 ha. Of the 102 brim
sampled in the Southern Blue Ridge, none were addle
(ANC less than or equal to 0) and only 1.4% of the
population of 258 lakes were estimated to have low
ANC (less than or equal to 50 micro equiv/L). In con-
trast, an estimated 22% of the lakes in the Florida su-
bregion were acidic, and 35.3% were e8timated to
have low ANC. Almost 90% of the lakes in the South-
ern Blue Ridge were reservoirs. These lakes generally
had moderate ANC values (median = 250 micro
equiv/L) and had low concentrations of aluminum, dis-
solved organic carbon (DOC), and sulfate compared to
those of Florida, the upper Midwest, and the North-
east. The lakes in the Southern Blue Ridge showed a
high degree of chemical homogeneity relative to thosa
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
of other regions in the East. (Copyright (c) 1988 Ameri-
can Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Acidity. 'Water pollution, 'Lakes, Water
analysis, Florida, Concentration(Composition), Sam-
pling, Aluminum, Sulfates, Dissolved organic matter.
Organic acids, Reprints, Southeastern Region(United
States), Southern Blue Ridge.
PB89-134787/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effect of Oxalate on the Dissolution Rate* of Oli-
goclase and Tremollte (Journal Version). Journal
srticte
Wyoming Univ., Laramie. Dept. of Geology and Geo-
physics.
M. A. Mast, and J. I. Drever. C1987,12p EPA/600/ J-
87/462
Grants EPA-R-813634, NSF-EAR83-06567
Pub. in Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v51
p2559-2568, 1987. Sponsored by Corvallis Environ-
mental Research Lab., OR., and National Science
Foundation, Washington, DC.
The effect of oxalate, a strong chelator for Al and other
cations, on the dissolution rates of oligoclase feldspar
and tremolite amphibole was investigated in a flow-
through reactor at 22 deg C. Oxalate at concentrations
of 0.5 and 1 mM has essentially no effect on the disso-
lution rate of tremollte, nor on the steady-state rate of
release of Si from oligoclase. The fact that oxalate has
no effect on dissolution rate suggests that detachment
of SI rather than Al or Mg is the rate-limiting step. At pH
4 and 9, oxalate has no effect on the steady-state rate
of release of Al, and dissolution is congruent. At pH 5
and 7, oligoclase dissolution is congruent in the pres-
ence of oxalate, but in the absence of oxalate Al is
preferentially retained in the solid relative to Si. The
rate of dissolution of tremolite is independent of pH
over the pH range 2-5, and decreases at higher pH.
The rate of dissolution of oligoclase was independent
of pH over the pH range 4-9. Since the dissolution rate
of these minerals is independent of pH and organic
ligand concentration, the effect of acid deposition from
the atmosphere on the rate of supply of cations from
weathering of granitic rocks should be minor. (Copy-
right (c) Pergamon Journals Ltd., 1987.)
Keywords; 'Acid rain, *Alr pollution, 'Weathering, *Or-
thoclase, 'Silicate minerals, Amphiboles, Oxalates,
pH, Dissolving, Reprints, 'Tremolite.
PMft-134795/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
PuMrtlon Damper Solve* Analyzer Problem (Jour-
nal Version). Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
piiifc, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J W. Montgomery. 1988,4p EPA/600/J-86/208
Pub. in InTech (Instrument Society of America) p91 -92,
Oct 88.
The paper describes the use of a pulsation damper to
solve a severe output signal Interference problem with
a Beckman Model 402 Total Hydrocarbon Analyzer.
The analyzer was used in a computerized data-gather-
ing system. The problem was traced to compressions/
decompressions of flow caused by the sample pump.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Monitoring, 'Hydro-
carbons. 'Analyzers, Signal stabilization, Design crite-
ria, Chemical analysis, Pulse modulation, Electromag-
netic interference, Damping, Reprints.
PBM-134M3/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Recovery of DDT, Kepone, and Permethrln Added
to Soil and Sediment Suspensions Incubated
under Controlled Redox Potentlel and pH Condi-
Hone (Journal Version). Journal article,
Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge. Center for Wet-
land Resources.
R P. Gambrell, C. N. Reddy, V. Collard, G. Green, and
w H. Patrick. c1984,11p EPA/600/J-84/415
Grant EPA-R-804940
Pub. in Jnl. Water Pollution Control Federation, vS6 n2
pi 74-182 Feb 84. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab., Athens, oA.
The study demonstrated that pH and oxidation-reduc-
tion conations affect the persistence of pesticide com-
pounds and that different compounds may respond dif-
ferently to a given physicochemical environment. The
stability of kepone was little affected by altered pH and
oxidation conditions, DDT was markedly affected by
oxidation conditions, and the degradation of permeth-
rin was strongly influenced by both pH and redox po-
tential conditions. The mechanism by which pH or
redox potential affected the degradation of two of the
three pesticides studied was not determined. It could
have involved purely chemical processes. The effect
also could be secondary through the influence of phys-
icochemical conditions on the population and activity
of microorganisms present and the subsequent meta-
bolic action of these microbes on the compounds. A
combination of these processes also could have been
involved. Information on the effects of physicochem-
ical conditions on the adsorption and degradation of
specific pesticides should contribute to improved pre-
dictive capability concerning the fate of pesticide resi-
dues in various compartments of the environment.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Pesticides, *DDT, 'Water
pollution, Stability, Electrode potentials, pH, Sedi-
ments, Chlorine organic compounds, Soils, Mobile
Bay, James River, Reprints, 'Environmental persist-
ence, 'Kepone, 'Permethrln, Cyclobutapentalenone/
decachlorooctahydro-metheno, Cyclopropane carbox-
ylicacid/(dichloroethenyl)-dimethyl-(phenoxyphenyl).
PB89-134811/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Extinction and Persistence In Models of Popula-
tion-Toxicant Interactions (Journal Veralon). Jour-
nal article,
Tennessee Univ., Knoxville. Dept. of Mathematics.
T. G. Hallam, and J. T. de Luna. C1984,10p EPA/600/
J-84/416
Pub. in Ecological Modelling, v22 n1-2 p13-20, Mar 84.
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Athens,
GA.
Recent qualitative studies of the effects of toxicants on
populations have resulted in conjectures about the
role played by a dose-response function in determining
the existence of multiple equilibrium states, conse-
quences of modeling chemical dynamics by first order
laws, and problems arising when uptake or toxicant
can occur through both environmental and food chain
pathways. A brief synthesis, focusing on the sensitivity
of the models to the representation of the population,
of these studies is presented. Then, some new persist-
ence-extinction results for resource-consumer-toxi-
cant interactions are indicated. An analytical approach
Is used to address a set of generic models each em-
ploying a dynamic submodel of the population, a dy-
namic formulation for environmental concentration of
a toxicant, and a dynamic concentration of toxicant in
the individual organisms. Conclusions, derived from
the models by analytic techniques, are phrased in
terms of system level parameters that govern persist-
ence or extinction of the model population. (Copyright
(c) 1984 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.)
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Population dynamics, Expo-
sure, Mathematical models, Body burden,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, 'Environmen-
tal pollution.
PB89-134837/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Fly A ah Concentrations in Philadelphia Aerosol
Determined by Electron Microscopy (Journal Ver-
sion). Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Y. Mamane, and T. G. Dzubay. C1988,19p EPA/600/
J-88/215
Pub. In Water, Air and Soil Pollution, v37 p389-405
1988. Prepared in cooperation with Technion • Israel
Inst, of Tech., Haifa.
The study attempted to differentiate between coal fly
ash and other minerals in the atmosphere, using sam-
ples which were collected on Nuclepore filters in di-
chotomous samplers and analyzed by scanning elec-
tron microscopy and energy cHspersive x-ray spec-
trometry. The samples Included ambient aerosol from
two sites, resuspended sod, and emissions from coal-
and oil-fired power plants in the Philadelphia area. Fly
aah was distinguished from minerals by morphology. In
the fine fraction estimated concentrations were 6 to 75
ng/cu m for fly ash and 30 to 300 ng/cu m for miner-
als. In the coarse fraction, minerals were the predomi-
nant component; estimated concentrations were 0 to
320 ng/cu m for fly ash and 400 to 5800 ng cu m for
minerals. (Copyright (c) 1988 by Kluwer Academic
Publishers.)
Keywords: 'Flyash, 'Chemical analysis, 'Minerals,
Particle size, Electron microscopy, X ray spectroscopy,
Morphology, 'Aerosols, Urban areas, Air pollution, At-
mospheric composition, Reprints, 'Coal fired power
plants, 'Philadelphia(Pennsylvania).
PB89-134845/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Acute Toxicity and Behavioral Effects of Aery-
latea and Methacrylates to Juvenile Fathead Min-
nows (Journal Version). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
C. L. Russom, R. A. Drummond, and A. D. Hoffman.
1988, lOp EPA/600/J-88/229
Pub. in Bulletin Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v41 p589-596, Oct 88.
Acrylate and methacrylate esters are reactive mon-
omers that are used primarily in the synthesis of acrylic
plastics and polymers. Ninety-six hour flow-through
acute toxicity tests were conducted with fathead min-
nows (Pimephales promelas) using 6 acrylates and 6
methacrylates. Ninety-six hour LC50 values were cal-
culated and then compared to a previously reported
structure activity relationship (SAR) for ester narcosis.
In addition, behavioral and morphological changes
were recorded using a previously developed checklist
and were then evaluated using discriminant function
analysis. The results demonstrate that acrylates are
much more toxic than methacrylates, and 4 to 56 times
more toxic than would be predicted by the baseline
ester SAR. In general, measured methacrylate toxicity
was within a factor of 2 of values predicted from the
ester model. Fish exposed to methacrylates were gen-
erally hyperactive and underreactive to stimuli. Fish ex-
posed to acrylates were hyperactive and overreactive
to stimuli with some eliciting tetany, scoliosis and/or
lordosis. The results suggest that methacrylates are
acting as narcotics, while acrylates generally act as re-
active toxicants. Although methacrylate toxicity can be
reliably predicted, the lethality of acrylate esters, which
seemingly elicit their toxicity through a reactive mecha-
nism, is underestimated with the current ester narcosis
model. Based on the findings a more acceptable SAR
for acrylates is proposed.
Keywords: 'Acrylates, 'Minnows, 'Toxicity, 'Fishes,
'Methacrylates, CNS disorders. Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Esters, Reprints, 'Pime-
phales promelas, Motor activity, Structure-activity rela-
tionship.
PB89-134B52/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effects of Fluorene on Microcosms Developed
from Four Natural Communities (Journal Veralon).
Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
F. S. Stay, A. Katko, C. M. Rohm, M. A. Fix, and D. P.
Larsen. 1988,12p EPA/600/J-88/230
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v7
p635-644 Aug 88. Prepared in cooperation with Nor-
throp Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
Ecosystem-level responses were examined in micro-
cosms developed from four different natural plankton
communities and exposed to nominal concentrations
of 0.12, 0.50, 2.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/L fluorene. The
lowest observed effect level (LOEL) for dark respira-
tion was 0.12 mg/L fluorene in three of the four com-
munities during tne first 14 d; in the fourth community,
it was 5.0 mg/L The LOEL of the net productivity/res-
piration ratio was 0.12 mg/L in all four communities.
These results suggest that the responses of these mi-
crocosms were not completely Independent of their
source communities. The sensitivities or LOEL values
from these microcosm experiments were as low as
those reported for chronic bioassays of the three most
sensitive of seven standard test organisms. Compari-
sons between the responses of these microcosms and
those reported for experimental ponds exposed to the
same concentrations of fluorene suggest that these
microcosms accurately reflect the types of changes
and concentrations that cause change in pond ecosys-
tems.
Keywords: 'Aquatic microbiology, 'Toxicity, 'Fluor-
enes, 'Bioassay, Respiration, Plankton, Ponds, Pre-
dictions, Concentration(Composition), Reprints,
'Aquatic ecosystems, Water pollution
effects(Animals), Microcosms.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB89-135099/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Interagency Task Force on Acid Precipitation, Wash-
ington, DC.
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
Annual Report 1987 to the President and Con-
gress.
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program,
Washington, DC.
Apr 88,81 p*
See also report for 1986, PB88-138037. Sponsored by
Interagency Task Force on Acid Precipitation, Wash-
ington, DC.
The document reports on 1987 research activities of
the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
(NAPAP). It outlines 1987 research highlights, future
research activities, major deliverables, and the pro-
gram's 1990 research objectives, its seven substan-
tive chapters cover NAPAP research in the areas of:
Emissions and controls; Atmospheric chemistry; At-
mospheric modeling and transport; Atmospheric depo-
sition and air quality monitoring; Terrestrial effects (on
forests and crops); Aquatic effects; and Effects on ma-
terials and cultural resources. The document includes
introductory materials on the National Program's orga-
nizational structure, efforts at research coordination,
peer and program review activities, and budget. A
complete listing of the program's 1987 publications is
also included.
Keywords: 'Acid rain, 'Air pollution, Control technolo-
gy, Precipitation(Meteorology), Transport properties,
Forests, Crops, Water pollution, Nitrogen oxides,
Sulfur dioxide, Forecasting, Assessments, 'National
Acid Precipitation Assessment Program, Volatile or-
ganic compounds, Air pollution effects(Materials), Air
pollution effects(Plants), Air pollution sampling, Air-
water interactions.
PB89-135115/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Development of Benthic Biological Monitoring
Criteria for Disposal of Low-Level Radioactive
Waste In the Abyssal Deep Sea. Final rept.,
Washington Univ., Seattle. School of Oceanography.
C. R. Smith, T. M. C. Present, and P. A. Jumars. Sep
88, 214p EPA/520/1-88/011
Contract EPA-68-02-4303
Sponsored by Office of Radiation Programs. Washing-
ton, DC.
in order to develop recommendations for monitoring
low-level radioactive waste dumpsites in the abyss, the
report attempts a synthesis of information from three
overlapping topical areas. First, U.S. Regulations gov-
erning the dumping and monitoring of wastes in the
ocean are interpreted in a deep-sea context. Second,
significant attention is given to experiences obtained
from past dumping of low-level radioactive wastes in
marine environments, both shallow-water and deep-
sea. Third, the report attempts to apply the monitoring
'Requirements' and conceptual approaches selected
to the abyssal seaffoor, based on present understand-
ings of the deep-sea ecosystem.
Keywords: 'Radioactive contaminants, 'Benthos,
Water	pollution,	Sampling,
Concentration(Composition), Monitoring, Standards,
'Low-level radioactive wastes, 'Abyssal sea, 'Ocean
waste disposal, 'Water pollution sampling, 'Biological
indicators, Baseline measurements.
PB89-135123/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Summary of Selected New Information on Effects
of Ozone on Health and Vegetation: Draft Supple-
ment to Air Quality Criteria for Ozone and Other
Photochemical Oxidants. Draft rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
tnfcosta, L. J. Folinsbee, J. A. Raub, B. E. Tilton,
andOTdingey. Nov 88,92p EPA/600/8-88/105A,
ECAO-R-019S
Selected newer literature from 1986 through 1988 on
the vegetation and health effects resulting from expo-
posVSfpwfdi^^
ity Standards for Ozone.
Knvwords' 'Toxicity, 'Ozone, 'Farm crops, 'Air qual-
ity,Standards, Tables(Data), Epidemiology, Humans,
Laboratory
animals,
„Exp;
iosure,
Concentration(Composition), Bibliographies, 'Health
effects, 'Air pollution effects(Plants), 'Photochemical
oxidants.
PB89-135271/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1):
Laurel Park Site, Naugatuck, Connecticut (First
Remedial Action), June 1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Jun 88,106p EPA/ROD/R01 -88/025
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Laurel Park site is located in the town of Nauga-
tuck, New Haven County, Connecticut. The landfill, oc-
cupying about 19-acres of the 35-acre site, lies entirely
within the drainage basin of the Naugatuck River. Addi-
tionally, the landfill is located on a hill in close proximity
to fractured bedrock and bedrock aquifer. It is as-
sumed that waste disposal actions began in the late
1940s. It was common practice to burn some of the
waste brought to the site. Operational problems at the
landfill were supported in the early 1960s. Complaints
included chemical spills on roads leading to the landfill,
large quantities of black acid smoke, odors, and blow-
ing litter. Construction of a leachate collection system
was completed in 1984. The primary contaminants of
concern affecting ground water, soil, surface water,
and sediments include: VOCs, organics, and metals.
The selected remedial action for tne site includes: in-
stallation of a RCRA cap over all waste disposal areas;
rehabilitation of existing leachate collection system,
supplemented by a shallow ground water extraction
system consisting of a French drain and/or ground
water extraction wells, with discharge and offsite treat-
ment at the Naugatuck Water Pollution Control Facility
(NWPCF); and monitoring of all media.
Keywords: 'Sites, 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Aquifers, Contamination, Sediments,
Soils, Metals, Organic compounds, Vaporizing, Sur-
face waters, Incinerators, Smoke, Odors, Metals, Con-
struction, Capping, Drains, Cost analysis, Record of
Decision, 'Laurel Park(Connecticut), Chemical spills,
Leachate.
PB89-135289/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
North Cavalcade Street Site, Houston, Texas
(First Remedial Action), June 1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
28 Jun 88,52p EPA/ROD/ R06-88/034
The 21-acre North Cavalcade site is located in north-
east Houston, Texas. The surrounding areas are a mix-
ture of residential, commercial, and industrial proper-
ties. Surface water is drained by three stormwater
drainage ditches, a limited aquatic habitat as classified
by Texas Water Quality Standards. The site was devel-
oped in 1946 when Houston Creosoting Company, Inc.
(HCCI) established creosote wood preserving oper-
ations. Around 1955, HCCI added pemachlorophenol
(PCP), wood preservation services and other support
facilities. The area of soil contamination corresponds
to where creosote was historically stored, and the
point of entry for the contaminants into the ground
water. The primary contaminants of concerning affect-
ing the ground water, soils, and sediments Include:
VOCs, benzene, toluene, xylene, and PAHs.
Keywords: 'Sites, 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Ground water, Monitoring, Contami-
nation, Waste treatment, Water wells. Sediments,
Runoff, Wood preservatives, Soils, Organic com-
pounds, Plumes, Vaporizing, Benzenes, Texas,
Record of Decision, 'Supemind, *Houston(Texas),
North Cavalcade(Texas.
PB89-135297/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 10):
Pacific Hide and Fur Site, Pocatello, Idaho (First
Remedial Action), June 1MB. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
28 Jun 88,53p EPA/ROD/R10-88/015
The Pacific Hide and Fur (PHF) site, consists of ap-
proximately 11-acres of fenced land, located in the
northwest edge of Pocatello, Bannock County, Idaho.
The site, a former gravel mining area, was purchased
by McCarty's, Inc. (Ml), a scrap metal dealer, in 1958.
Ml purchased scrap metal, batteries, drained trans-
formers, and capacitors filled with PCB oils from vari-
ous sources, storing them onsite in a previously exca-
vated gravel pit. Also, PHF may have purchased scrap
metals and transformers and stored them onsite. EPA
declared the site to be an immediate threat to public
health and welfare. As a result, approximately 593
PCB capacitors were transported offsite for inciner-
ation, and 21 hazardous materials drums and 30 cubic
yards of soil were transported offsite for disposal.
Keywords: 'Sites, 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Gravel mines, Ground water, Moni-
toring, Contamination, Waste treatment, Water wells,
Soil properties, Batteries, Scrap, Metals, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Biphenyl, Pacific Hide and Fur, Ban-
nock County(ldaho), 'Poiychtorinated biphenyls, By-
shenyl/chloro, Record of Decision, 'Superfund.
PB89-135305/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3k
Douglassvllie Disposal Site, Berks County, Penn-
sylvania (Second Remedial Action), June IMS.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
24 Jun 88, 45p EPA/ ROD/ R03-88/041
		I, 45p 			
See also PB86-172541.
The Douglassville Disposal site occupies approximate-
ly 50 acres of land in Union Township, Berks County,
Pennsylvania. It is almost entirely within the 100-year
fioodplain of the Schuylkill River. In 1941, Berks Asso-
ciates began recycling lubrication oil at the site; waste
solvents were recycled in the 1950s and 1960s.
Wastes generated from those recycling processes
were stored in onsite lagoons from 1941 until 1972. In
November 1970, heavy rains caused the lagoons to
overflow and release 1,000,000 - 3,000,000 gallons of
wastes down the Schuylkill River. Operations then
turned to the practice of refining waste oils for use as
fuel in industrial boilers. Beginning in 1979, oily waste
sludge from the new recycling process was land-
farmed onsite.
Keywords: 'Sites, 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Ground water, Monitoring, Contami-
nation, Waste treatment. Water wells, Organic com-
pounds, Pennsylvania, Record of Decision, 'Super-
fund,	Berks	County(Pennsylvania),
'Douglassville(Pennsylvania).
PB89-135313/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 10):
Frontier Hard Chrome Site, City of Vancouver,
Washington (First Remedial Action), July 19M.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
5 Jul 88,33p EPA/ROD/R10-85/014
See also PB89-128409.
The Frontier Hard Chrome (FHC) site, covering ap-
proximately one-half acre, is located in the City ofVah-
couver, Washington. The areai ground water is used
as the drinking water supply for the City of Vancouver,
which has two well fields within one mile of the site.
Since 1955, the site has primarily been occupied by
two companies engaged in the chrome plating busi-
ness. Presently, the facility is being used as a storage
and staging area for a neighboring business. During
the operation of Pioneer and the initial operation of
FHC, chromium plating wastes were discharged to the
sanitary sewer system. In 1975, the City of Vancouver
determined that the chromium in the wastewater from
FHC was upsetting the operation of its new secondary
treatment system. At that time, FHC began discharge
of their untreated plating wastes to a dry well behind
the facility. In 1976, Ecology permitted FHC to dis-
charge to the dry well. In 1982, Ecology found FHC in
violation of the Washington State Dangerous Waste
Act for the illegal disposal of hazardous wastes, and In
1983 ordered FHC to stop discharging tothediry wag.
The selected remedial action for the site Includes!
ground water pump and treatment using selective
media ion exchange to remove chromium, followed by
carbon adsorption to remove VOC with discharge Into
the river or the city sanitary sewer; ground water moni-
toring.
Keywords: 'Sites, 'Earth fills. 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Ground water, Monitoring, Contami-
nation, Waste treatment, Water wells. Pumping, Chro-
mium plating, Organic compounds, Ion exchertttoe
Carbon. Adsorption, Organic compounds!
Washington(State), Record of Decision, 'Superfund!
*Vancouver(Washington).	, :
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB89-135321/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 7):
Big River Sand Site, Wichita, Kansas (First Reme-
dial Action), June 1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
28 Jon 88,57p EPA/ROD/R07-88/011
The site consists of approximately 123 acres, half of
which has been extensively mined for sand and gravel.
During the early 1970s, approximately 2,000 drums of
paint-related waste were disposed of on the eastern
portion of the site, adjacent to a five-acre sand quarry
lake. The initial site inspection in August 1982 identi-
fied damaged, corroded, and leaking drums. Waste
solvents and paint sludges from several drums con-
tained metals and VOCs. Waste solvents from the bar-
rels were determined to be hazardous due to their
ignitability. A removal and site cleanup was ordered.
Sampling detected arsenic, lead, and selenium in
drinking water wells, and VOCs, including toluene, in
onsite soils and in monitoring wells. It has been deter-
mined that the site does not pose a significant threat to
public health, welfare, and the environment. Therefore,
no further action has been selected.
Keywords: 'Site surveys, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazard-
ous materials, 'Waste disposal, Toluene, Arsenic,
Lead, Selenium, Solid waste disposal, Cost analysis,
Sites, Licenses, Public health, Water pollution,
Kansas, 'Solid waste management, 'Superfund pro-
gram, 'Land reclamation, 'Environmental research,
'Cleanup operations, 'Remedial actions, Land pollu-
tion, Liquid waste disposal, Sedwick County(Kansas).
PBM-135339/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Long Prairie Site, Long Prairie, Minnesota (First
Remedial Action), June 1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
27 Jun 88,66p EPA/ROD/R05-88/066
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Long Prairie site, as defined by the extent of the
plume of contaminated ground water, extends 2,100
Met by 1,000 feet in Long Prairie, Todd County, Minne-
sota. The Long Prairie River flows within 500 feet of
the contaminant plume. In August and October 1983,
routine municipal well monitoring by the Minnesota De-
partment of Health (MDH) indicated contamination in
two of five municipal wells. The MDH ordered the two
wells shut down in October 1983, and in November
1983, issued an advisory to provide bottled water for
area residents. About SO of the area's 300 private
weHs were affected by the groundwater contamination.
The selected remedial action for the site includes:
ground water pump and treatment using air stripping
with discharge to the river; spill treatment using active
toil venting: and ground water monitoring.
Keywords: 'Sites, 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Ground water, Monitoring, Contami-
nation, Waste treatment, Water wells, Organic com-
pounds, Vaporizing, Minnesota, Record of Decision,
^Superfund, 'Long Prairle(Minnesota).
PBM-136347/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
•upcrfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Waste Disposal Engineering Site, Andover, Minne-
sota (First Remedial Action), December 19B8. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
31Dec 88,81p EPA/ROD/R05-88/063
The Waste Disposal Engineering (WDE) site, consist-
ing of 73 seres of a 114-acre dump, is located in the
Cftv of Andover (formerly Grown Township), Anoka
fvJmty, Minnesota. The site area Is characterized by
low relief with shallow water tables and numerous wet-
tands. Disposal of wastes was by burial or burning in
«K* or drenches. In 1968, WDE purchased the dump
Md was licensed by Grow Township to operate as a
aanHaiy landfill. The pit received approximately 6,600
containers (ranging from one gallon pall to fifty-five
oallen drums) from 1972 to 1974, in the form of acids,
waste paints, spent solvents, plating sludges,
and cyanides. The area of refuse/non-hazardous
waste disposal covers an area of 73 acres.
Keywords: 'Sites, 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials,
^JSwte disposal, Ground water, Monitoring, Contami-
¦Mtlnn Waste treatment, Water wells, Organic acids,
Mnnesota, Cyanides, Solvents, Paints, Organic com-
pounds, Adsorption, Carbon, Capping, Slurries, Clay
soils, Record of Decision, 'Superfund, Anoka
County(Minnesota), 'Andover(Minnesota), Wetlands.
PB89-135354/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
South Andover Site, Andover, Minnesota (First
Remedial Action), March 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Mar 88,25p EPA/ROD/R05-88/065
The South Andover site is comprised of several sepa-
rate parcels of land totaling approximately 50 acres in
the southern portion of Andover, Minnesota. One-
quarter mile to the north of the site is a residential
neighborhood. Further development is planned to the
west and the south of the site. The Waste Disposal En-
gineering landfill, a Superfund National Priorities List
site, is located 3,000 feet northeast of South Andover.
Multiple waste handling operations occurred between
1954 and 1981 on several properties within the site
boundaries. Consequently, there are multiple source
areas which include a drum storage area, a waste dis-
charge area, and a waste burning area. In 1981, the
contents of approximately 700 drums were disposed of
by mixing them with waste oil and using the mixture as
fuel. In 1986, a group of PRPs removed approximately
500 additional onsite drums. Soil investigations have
been limited by the presence of a large volume of tires
piled onsite and piles of junked automobiles. Currently,
the primary contaminants of concern affecting the
ground water include: arsenic, chromium, lead, metals,
VOCs, PCE, TCE, toluene, and organics. The selected
remedial action for the site is included in the report.
Keywords: 'Sites, 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Ground water, Monitoring, Contami-
nation, Waste treatment, Water wells, Vaporizing, Ar-
senic, Chromium, Lead(Metal), Organic compounds,
Minnesota, Record of Decision, 'Superfund, South
Andover(Minnesota).
PB89-136382/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Old Bethpage Landfill, Old Beth page, New York
(First Remedial Action), March 1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
17 Mar 88,257p EPA/ROD/R02-88/058
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Old Bethpage landfill, covering approximately 65
acres, is located In Old Bethpage, Town of Oyster Bay,
Nassau Country, New York. Two public drinking water
wells, a residential community, an industrial park, and
a state park, exist within the site's general vicinity. Be-
ginning in 1958, the Town of Oyster Bay operated the
landfill as a municipal landfill. In addition to accepting
municipal wastes and garbage, local industrial wastes
were disposed of on the landfill during the late 1960s
and early 1970s. A system designed to collect, store,
treat, and dispose of leachate has been operating at
the site since 1983. There are three remedial actions
currently underway at the site. They include: leachate
collection, methane gas collection, and landfill cap-
ping. The primary contaminants of concern affecting
ground water include: VOCs, TCE, benzene, toluene,
inorganics, chromium, and lead. Air is contaminated
with methane gas and VOCs.
Keywords: 'Sites, 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Industrial wastes, Ground water,
Monitoring, Contamination, Waste treatment, Water
wells, Methane, Lead(Metal), Vaporizing, Organic
compounds, Capping, Benzene, Metals, Toulene, New
York, Record of Decision, 'Superfund, 'Oyster
Bay(New York), Nassau County(New York).
PB69-136636/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region •):
Anaconda Smelter Site, Mill Creek, Montana (First
Remedlel Action), October 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
2 Oct 88,396p EPA/ROD/R08-88/018
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The 160-acre community of Mill Creek is located in
Deerlodge County, Montana, immediately adjacent to
the Anaconda Smelter NPL site. The community of Mill
Creek has been contaminated for over 100 years with
smelter emissions, fugitive emissions of flu dust at the
smelter, and continued fugitive emissions emanating
from adjacent highly contaminated soils. Settled flue
amissions in the community of MHI Creek, from the
now defunct copper smelting operation, contain ar-
senic, cadmium, and lead. Environmental siting of the
community and biological testing of pre-school chil-
dren, led EPA to conclude that contamination in the
Mill Creek area poses an imminent and substantial en-
dangerment to the health of individuals residing there.
The primary contaminant of concern at this site is ar-
senic. Cadmium and lead are secondary contaminants
of concern. The selected remedial action for the site
includes: permanent relocation of all residents (8
homes) with temporaiy erosional stabilization of dis-
turbed areas by establishing and maintaining a vegeta-
tive cover; demolition, consolidation, and storage.
Keywords: 'Sites, 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Ground water, Monitoring, Contami-
nation, Waste treatment, Water wells, Soils, Public
health, Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead(Metal), Organic com-
pounds, Mill Creek, Minnesota, Record of Decision,
'Superfund. Anaconda smelter, 'Deerlodge
County(Minnesota).
PB89-135644/HSU	PC A23/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Toxic Air Pollutant Emission Factors: A Compila-
tion for Selected Air Toxic Compounds and
Sources. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC. Progress
Center.
A. A. Pope, P. A. Cruse, and C. C. Most. Oct 88,536p
EPA/450/2-88/006A
Contract EPA-68-02-4392
See also PB87-183414. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The report presents emission factors for selected air
toxic compounds and sources, and associates the
emission factors to levels of source activity. The emis-
sion factors in the report were compiled from a review
of the literature for more than 200 air toxic compounds.
Emission factors in the report are sorted by pollutant
and source. Also included are brief descriptions of
emission factors derivations, notes on control meas-
ures associated with factors, and references. A soft-
ware system containing the air toxics emission factors
in the compilation was developed for easy access and
updating of the data. The purpose of the report is to
offer a technical service to air pollution control agen-
cies in performing preliminary estimates of air toxics
emissions.
Keywords: 'Exhaust gases, 'Toxicity, 'Reviews, Pre-
dictions, Tables(Data), Air pollution control. 'Air toxic
substances, 'Emission factors, Risk assessment,
Point sources.
PB89-135859/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Superfund Exposure Assessment Manual.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Apr 88,166p EPA/540/1-88/001, OSWER
DIRECTIVE-9285-5-1
Manual provides a framework for the assessment of
exposure to contaminants at or migrating from uncon-
trolled hazardous waste sites, covering the application
of both monitoring and modeling procedures to the ex-
posure assessment process. This process considers
all contaminant releases and exposure routes and as-
sures that an adequate level of analytical detail is ap-
plied to support the human health risk assessment
process. The analytical process covers: analysis of
contaminant releases from a subject site into environ-
mental media; evaluation of the transport and environ-
mental fate of the contaminants released; identifica-
tion, enumeration, and characterization of potentially
exposed populations; integrated exposure analysis;
and uncertainty analysis. The Manual supports the de-
velopment of exposure assessments that are consist-
ent from site to site, and provides a means of docu-
menting that eech site receives adequate evaluation.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Exposure, 'Chemical analysis. Public health, Manu-
als, Sites, Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts),
Formulas(Mathematics), 'Hazardous waste sites,
'Risk assessment. 'Superfund program, 'Hazard
analysis, US EPA, Environmental fate, Environmental
transport, Remedial actions.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB89-135867/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Waste Package Performance Criteria for Deepsea
Disposal of Low-Level Radioactive Wastes. Final
repl.,
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY. Nuclear Energy
Dept.
P. Colombo, and M. Fuhrmann. Jul 88,44p EPA/520/
1-88/009
Sponsored by Office of Radiation Programs, Washing-
ton, DC.
The report presents technical information relevant to
the packaging of low-level radioactive wastes for
ocean disposal. Section 2.2 of the report contains 11
recommended waste package performance criteria.
Specifications and rational statements for each crite-
rion are also included.
Keywords: "Radioactive wastes, 'Containers, Packag-
ing, Ocean bottom, Radioactive isotopes,
Tables(Data).
PB89-135875/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Sediment Monitoring at Deep-Ocean Low-Level
Radioactive Waste Disposal Sites: Methods
Manual. Final rept.,
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
J. S. Booth. Aug 88,200p EPA/520/1-88/002
Prepared in cooperation with Geological Survey,
Woods Hole, MA. Office of Marine Geology.
The report is a methods manual for monitoring sedi-
ments in the deep ocean. It is intended to be a frame of
reference for baseline monitoring to characterize low-
level radioactive waste disposal sites and for site des-
ignation and trend assessment monitoring of sedi-
ments.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Manuals, Sites, Radioactive
wastes, Water pollution. Monitoring, Water pollution,
Oceans, Concentration(Composition), 'Ocean waste
disposal, 'Low-level radioactive wastes, 'Water pollu-
tion sampling, Baseline measurements.
PB89-135958/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Radiation Data: Report 52, Octo-
ber-December 1987. Quarterly rept.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Jun 88,46p EPA/520/5-88/054
See also PBB9-100838.
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) contains data
from the Environmental Radiation Ambients Monitor-
ing systems (ERAMS), Data from similar networks op-
erated by contributing States, Canada, Mexico, and
the Pan American Health Organization are reported in
the ERD when available. The ERAMS is comprised of
nationwide sampling stations that provide air, surface
and drinking water and milk samples from which envi-
ronmental radiation levels are derived. Sampling loca-
tions are selected to provide optimal population cover-
age while functioning to monitor fallout from nuclear
devices and other forms of radioactive contamination
of the environment. The radiation analyses performed
on these samples include gross alpha and gross beta
levels, gamma analyses for fission products, and spe-
cific analyses for uranium, plutonium, stronium, iodine,
radium, krypton, and tritium.
Keywords: 'Radioactive contaminants,
'Precipitation(Meteorology), Tables(Data), Air pollu-
tion, Concentration(Composition), Sampling, Sites,
Drinking water, Krypton, Radium, Iodine, Milk, Water
pollution, Surface water, Uranium, Plutonium, Stron-
ium, Tritium, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Water pollution
sampling.
PB89-135966/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Portland Cement Plants-Background Information
for Promulgated Revisions to Standards. Final
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jul 88,66p EPA/450/3-85/003B
See also PB86-100476.
Revisions to the monitoring, recordkeeping, and re-
porting requirements associated ^ standards of per-
formance for Portland cement plants (40 cfr oo.eo;
were proposed in the Federal Registef on September
10, 1985 (50 FR 36956). These requirements are
being promulgated under the authority of Section 114
of the Clean Air Act. The document contains a summa-
ry of the comments on the proposed revisions to the
standards, the Agency's response to the comments,
and a summary of the changes to the revised stand-
ards since proposal.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Standards, 'Port-
land cements, Industrial wastes, Combustion products,
Particles, Revisions, Economic impact, 'Standards of
performance, Clean Air Act.
PB89-136097/HSU	PC A06
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Restoration Potential of Diked Estuarlne Wet-
lands In Washington and Oregon. Phase 1: Inven-
tory of Candidate Sites. Final rept.
Jones and Stokes Associates, Inc., Believue, WA.
11 Oct 88,116p EPA/910/9-88/242
Contract EPA-68-02-4381
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle,
WA. Region X.
EPA Region 10 has developed interest in the possibili-
ty of enhancing wetland habitat in the Pacific North-
west by identifying sites where it may be possible to re-
store tidal influence to diked agricultural lands within
the estuaries of Oregon and Washington. The study
was undertaken as the first step in identifying candi-
date wetland restoration sites in Washington and
Oregon. The objective of this first step is to identify
areas which (1) once were estuarine wetlands but are
not now functioning as such due to dike construction,
(2) are greater than 5 acres in size, and (3) may be suit-
able for restoration.
Keywords: 'Wetlands, 'Estuaries, 'Land reclamation,
Washington(State), Oregon, Farm crops, Land devel-
opment, Utilization, Dikes, Sites, Maps, Region 10.
PB89-136121/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Development of Resistively Heated Diesel Partic-
ulate Trap/Regeneration Systems. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology and Applications Branch.
R. I. Bruetsch. Aug 88,32p EPA/AA/CTAB-88/09
The report describes the recent developments of
diesel manufacturers material suppliers toward meet-
ing the 1991 and 1994 diesel particulate emission
standards. Technical approaches and the current in-
dustry efforts are also included.
Keywords: 'Diesel engines, 'Air pollution control
equipment, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Regenerators, Cata-
lytic converters. Exhaust gases, Standards, 'Particu-
lates, Catalyzed trap oxidizer.
PB89-136139/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Methanol Vehicle Catalyst Evaluation: Phase 3.
Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology and Applications Branch.
G. K. Piotrowski. Nov 88,24p EPA/AA/CTAB-88/10
The report discusses the evaluation of two noble metal
catalysts for methanoi-fueied vehicles to reduce
mobile source emissions. The catalysts were first
tested as three-way converters, to oxidize unburned
fuel, aldehydes, and carbon monoxide, as well as to
reduce oxides of nitrogen emissions. An air pump,
which supplied air to the exhaust ahead of the catalyst
but downstream of the exhaust oxygen sensor, was
then used to evaluate the catalysts in a simulated oxi-
dation mode. Also included are the test vehicle de-
scriptions, the test facilities and analytical methods
used, and specifications for each individual test vehi-
cle.
Keywords: 'Exhaust gases, 'Air pollution control
equipment, 'Motor vehicle engines, 'Catalysts, Test
engines, Tests, Performance evaluation, 'Methanol
fuels, 'Catalytic converters, 'Non-point sources.
PB89-136147/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Sample Preparation Techniques for Evaluating
Methanol and Formaldehyde Emissions from
Methanol Fueled Vehicles and Engines. Technical
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
W. M. Pidgeon, and M. P. Reed. 19 Sep 88,19p EPA/
AA/TEB-88/02
The report describes the 'wet Chemistry' procedures
used by the Emission Control Technology Division,
Test and Evaluation Branch of the E.P.A. Motor Vehi-
cle Emission Laboratory in evaluating methanol fuels
for use in motor vehicles. The report describes the
formaldehyde and methanol wet chemistry procedures
used. Included is elution changes, volume measure-
ment, sample contamination issues, preparation pro-
cedures and various appendices.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Methyl
alcohol,	'Formaldehyde,	Sampling,
Concentration(Composition), Volumetric analysis, 'Air
pollution sampling, 'Methanol, Alcohol fuels.
PB89-136154/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Directory of State Environmental Libraries: First
Edition. October 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Information Resources Management.
1988, 58p* EPA/IMSD-88/010
The Directory contains information on the collections
and services provided by the state environmental li-
braries. It contains a subject index to state collections,
list of environmental hotlines, and directories of librar-
ians by librarian and by state. This is the first edition.
Keywords: 'Directories, 'Libraries, State government
Librarians, 'Environmental issues, Special libraries,
US EPA.
PB89-136576/HSU	PC A22/MF A01
Land Application and Distribution and Marketing
of Sewage Sludge: Technical Support Document
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
1986,514p
The document provides the technical background and
justification for the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency's (EPA) proposed regulation (40 CFR Part
503) covering the land application and distribution and
marketing of sewage sludge. The document summa-
rizes current practices in land application and presfftfs
data supporting the risk assessment methodology
used to derive human health and environmental risk-
based limits for contaminants in land applied sewage
sludge. The underlying assumptions of the methodolo-
gy, embodied in a senes of computer models, are dis-
cussed, and the risk-based contaminant limits derived
by the models are presented. The three management
practices associated with land application are outlined,
and the twelve different pathways by which contami-
nants reach most-exposea individuals through land ap-
plication are discussed.
Keywords: 'Marketing, 'Sludge disposal, Regulations,
Public health, Risk, Mathematical models, Manage-
ment, Humans, Exposure, Toxicity, Food, Agriculture,
Pesticides, Metals, Arsenic, Cadmium, Potable water,
Dosage, 'Land application, Path of pollutants.
PB89-136584/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Landfllllng of Sewage Sludge: Technical Support
Document
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
1989,341 p*
The document provides the technical background and
justification for the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency's (EPA's) proposed regulation (40 CFR Part
503) covering the disposal of municipal sewage sludge
in sludge-only landfills (monofills). The document sum-
marizes current practices at monofills and presents the
risk assessment methodology used to derive human
health and environmental nsk-based limits for con-
taminants in monofilled sewage sludge. The underly-
ing assumptions of the risk assessment methodolow
embodied in a series of computer models, are c£LI
cussed, the values assigned to the model parameters
are presented and justified, and the risk-baaed con-
taminant limits derived by the models are PfflHiHnil
The various siting limitations and management nrao^
tlces mandated by the regulation are discuseecTanri
justified.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Earth fills, 'Municipali-
ties, Ground water, Environmental impacts, Public
health, Risk, Mathematical models, Site surveys, Plan-
ning, Soil properties, Airports, Birds, Floods, Geologi-
cal faults, Seismology, Coverings, Disease vectors,
Depth, Tables(Data), 'Path of pollutants, Chemicals,
'Sewage sludge.
PB89-136592/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Incineration of Sewage Sludge: Technical Support
Document.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
1989,656p
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Information is presented to support the numeric limits
proposed in the regulations for sewage sludge inciner-
ation for the metals: arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chro-
mium, lead, mercury, and nickel, and total hydrocar-
bons (THCs). For THCa, the numeric limit is a stack
combustion gas concentration, based on allowable
ambient air quality at ground-level, site characteristics,
and meteorological conditions. The limits for metals
are allowable sludge concentrations, based on allow-
able ambient air quality at ground-level, allowable
emission rates, air dispersion factors, and data on fa-
cility operating conditions. A major process in deter-
mining the limits was the risk methodology. In the
methodology, cancer potency values were applied and
risk levels were developed based on worst-case emis-
sion and exposure scenarios. Air dispersion models
were used in the methodology to predict the maximum
emission levels. They were also used to develop a sim-
plified approach for determining compliance with the
metal and THC limits.
Keywords: 'Sewage, 'Sludge disposal, 'Incinerators,
'Air pollution control, Hydrocarbons, Exposure, Ex-
haust gases, Prediction, Regulations, 'Risk assess-
ment, V-leavy metals, Emission factors.
PBM-136600/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Surface Disposal of Sewage Sludge: Technical
Support Document
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
1989,138p*
The document provides the technical background and
justification for EPA's proposed regulation (40 CFR
Part 503) covering the surface disposal of municipal
sewage sludge. Because a risk assessment methodol-
ogy for surface disposal has not yet been developed,
the document presents the risk assessment methodol-
ogy used to derive risk-based limits for contaminants in
monofllled sewage sludge, which can be modified to
derive risk-based contaminant limits in surface-dis-
posed sludge. The underlying assumptions of the
methodology, embodied in a series of computer
models, are discussed, and the values assigned to the
model parameters for monofills are presented and jus-
tified. The maximum allowable sludge contaminant
concentrations for surface-disposed sludge are then
presented, and the results of a sensitivity analysis for
monofills are also included. Finally, the various siting
limitations and management practices mandated by
the regulation are discussed and justified.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Sewage treatment,
•Regulations, 'Mathematical models, Predictions, Soil
analysis, Surface properties, Environmental surveys,
•Risk assessment, 'Land disposal, Land pollution,
Path of pollutants, Technology utilization, US EPA, Mu-
nicipal wastes.
PS89-13M18/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Pathogen/Vector Attraction Reduction In Sewage
Sludge: Technical Support Document
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
1988,63p
The document provides the technical background and
justification for the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency's proposed regulation (40 CFR part 503) on
oathogen and vector attraction reduction In municipal
wastewater sludge (Subpart F). The document sum-
marizes the existing 40 CFR 257 Federal regulations
tor controlling pathogens and vector attraction in
sludge and discusses their shortcomings. It presents
the components of disease risk, including the patho-
gens of concern (bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and hel-
minths), their types, measurement, environmental fate
and transport and infective dose. The document dis-
cusses the principal aspects of the proposed new reg-
ulations concerning sludge pathogen and vector at-
traction control and discusses the available scientific
information that supports these regulations, as well as
data gaps and areas where additional information
would De helpful.
Keywords: 'Disease vectors, 'Sewage treatment,
'Sludge disposal, 'Waste water, Regulations, Public
health, Design criteria, 'Pathogens, 'Municipal
wastes. Risk assessment. Pollution control, Path of
pollutants.
PBS9-136628/HSU	PCA16/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Human Health Risk Assessment for Municipal
Sludge Disposal: Benefits of Alternative Regula-
tory Options. Draft rept.
Abt Associates, Inc., Washington, DC.
Feb 89,371p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Water Regulations and
Standards.
The report discusses numerical criteria for the reuse
and disposal of municipal sewage sludge and evalu-
ates reductions in human health risks or benefits de-
rived from controlling sludge disposal practices. Quan-
titative aggregate risk estimates are projected for 31
contaminants for each of the key sludge management
practices: incineration; monofilling; land application
(food chain and non-food chain); and distribution and
marketing. The study utilizes state-of-the-art fate,
transport and exposure methodologies in predicting
environmental concentrations. The analysis evaluates
a number of human exposure routes including dietary,
drinking water and inhalation pathways. The analysis
couples this information with national and local popula-
tions exposed along with the Agency's most recent
health effects data in assessing nsks. A methodology
for quantitatively assessing non-carcinogenic effects
from exposure to lead is introduced.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Public health, 'Regula-
tions, 'Water pollution control, Benefit cost analysis,
Exposure, Air pollution control, Mathematical models,
Predictions, Tables(Data), 'Risk assessment, 'Munici-
pal wastes, Technology utilization, Path of pollutants,
US EPA.
PB89-136634/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Economic Analysis Div.
Regulatory Impact Analysis of the Proposed Reg-
ulations for Sewage Sludge Use and Disposal.
Final rept.,
Eastern Research Group, Inc., Arlington, MA.
A. Jones, L. Knight, and D. Meyers. 18 Jan 89,462p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Economic Analysis Div.
The report evaluates the economic impacts of pro-
posed regulations pertaining to the use and disposal of
sewage sludge generated by publicly owned treatment
works. The analysis also evaluates the impacts associ-
ated with three other regulatory options, each reflect-
ing a different set of regulatory requirements and vary-
ing levels of stringency. Six conventional sludge use
and disposal practices are addressed in the report.
The report provides a profile of the wastewater treat-
ment industry, an analysis of the costs associated with
complying with the proposed regulation and the three
other regulatory options, a case study analysis to
assess the impacts of pretreatment as It pertains to
the proposed regulation, a summary of the baseline
health risks of sludge use and disposal, and an esti-
mate of the benefits of the proposed regulation.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Sludge disposal,
'Regulations, 'Economic impact, 'Benefit cost analy-
sis, Industrial wastes, Public health, 'Municipalities,
Risk assessment.
PB89-13M42/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Information Collection Request for Monitoring,
Reporting, and Recordkeeping Requirements
under the Technical Regulation for Sewage
Sludge Use and Disposal
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
12 Dec 88,111p*
An estimation of burden hours and cost to respond-
ents for monitoring, reporting and recordkeeping asso-
ciated with the sewage sludge technical regulations at
40 CFR Part 503 is presented.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Data acquisition, Cost
estimates, Labor estimates, Tables(Data), 'US EPA,
'Sewage sludge, Land disposal, Incineration.
PB89-136659/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Review of Technical Documents: Supporting Pro-
posed Revisions to EPA (Environmental Protec-
tion Agency) Regulations for the Disposal/Reuse
of Sewage Sludge Under Section 405(d) of the
Clean Water Act.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Science Advisory Board.
Jan 87,83p SAB/EEC-87/015
EPA's Science Advisory Board has reviewed the risk
assessment methodologies used to derive criteria for
the Part 503 regulations. A report on the Board's find-
ings is presented.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Sewage treatment,
'Water pollution control, 'Regulations, Evaluation,
Water quality, Public health, 'Risk assessment, 'US
EPA, Technology utilization, Path of pollutants, Clean
Water Act.
PB89-1366S3/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Concentrations and Patterns of Photochemical
Oxidants In ths United States,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
B. E. Tilton, and S. A. Meeks. Jan 89,22p ECAO-R-
0223, EPA/600/D-88/239
The report describes ozone and PAN levels at urban
sites in the U.S., and of ozone at selected nonurban
sites. Sample diurnal curves for ozone at suburban and
nonurban sites are presented. Highest concentrations
of both oxidants occur in California, where the second-
highest 1-hr concentration of ozone in 1983 was 0.37
ppm, and the highest PAN concentration reported in
this decade was 0.047 ppm, in 1980. At selected non-
urban sites, maximum 1 -nr ozone levels for 1978-1981
were about half the second-highest 1-hr ozone levels
at urban sites in those years. Examples presented of
temporal patterns of ozone show distinct seasonality
at suburban versus nonurban sites, and point out po-
tential implications for exposures to ozone of popula-
tions, vegetation, and other receptors. Data on co-oc-
currences of ozone with nitrogen dioxide or sulfur diox-
ide indicate relatively few such events at levels of po-
tential concern for vegetation and public health.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Air pollution, 'Pattern recogni-
tion, 'Photochemical reactions, 'United States, Chem-
ical analysis, Atmospheric composition, Nitrogen diox-
ide, Sulfur dioxide, Trends, Public health, Monitors,
Predictions, 'Oxidants, Risk assessment.
PB89-136691/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Regional Oione Modeling in the Northeastern
U.S.: Selection of Meteorological Episodes. Rept
for Mar-Oct 88,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
D. C. Doll, T. E. Pierce, and N. C. Possiel. Jan 89,8p
EPA/600/D-88/273
In 1987 a study was initiated of the photochemical
smog problem along the Northeast U.S. Corridor. The
study (Regional Ozone Modeling for Northeast Trans-
port (ROMNET)), has three major components: (1) to
identify emission control strategies; (2) to assemble
emission inventories suitable for regional ozone mod-
eling; and (3) to model the control strategies with ap-
propriate meteorological and emissions data. One im-
portant prerequisite for the third component is to
select 3 meteorological episodes that reflect typical
transport patterns associated with high ozone levels.
These flow regimes were along-corridor flow, recircu-
lation, and westerly flow into the corridor.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Photochemical reactions,
'Smog, 'Atmospheric models, Meteorological data,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Trends, Predictions, Design criteria, Evaluation, Air
pollution control, 'Northeast Region(United States),
Risk assessment, Path of pollutants, Air quality data,
Regional analysis.
PB89-136709/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Comparison of Modelled and Measured Tracer
Gas Concentrations during the Across North
America Tracer Experiment (ANATEX),
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
T. L. Clark, R. D. Cohn, S. K. Seilkop, R. R. Draxler, and
J. L. Heffter. Jan 89,17p EPA/600/D-88/274
Prepared in cooperation with Analytical Sciences, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC., and National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, Washington, DC.
The 24-hour surface concentrations of several per-
fluorocarbon tracer gases measured during the 1987
Across North America Tracer Experiment (ANATEX)
provided a unique continental-scale data set with
which to evaluate long-range transport and diffusion
models. One such model, a multilayer Lagrangian
model, was evaluated in the ANATEX Model Evalua-
tion Study (AMES) by comparing distributions and time
series of calculated and measured tracer concentra-
tions at bands of sampling sites nearly equidistant from
one of the two tracer release sites and by computing
spatial differences in the concentration-weighted cen-
troids of 20, 24-hour tracer 'footprints' or composite
plumes. The results for this model indicated that it
overemphasized the effects of the stronger upper-
level winds. In spite of the bias in transport speed, the
distributions of the calculated and measured concen-
trations were quite similar.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric circulation, 'Atmospheric
models, 'Mathematical models, Air pollution control,
Chemical analysis, Predictions, Evaluation, Fluorohy-
drocarbons, 'Across North America Tracer Experi-
ment, 'Path of pollutants, Environmental transport,
Tracer studies.
PB89-136717/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Role of Particle Hygroscopicity In Aerosol Ther-
apy and Inhslatlon Toxicology,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
T. B. Martonen, M. G. Menache, W. Hofmann, and A.
D. Eisner. Jan 89,29p EPA/600/D-88/275
Contract EPA-68-02-4450
Prepared in cooperation with Duke Univ. Medical
Center, Durham, NC. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The extrathoracic compartment of the human respira-
tory tract (i.e., the naso- and oropharyngeal regions)
effectively conditions inhaled air by warming and hu-
midifying processes even in extreme ambient environ-
ments. When airborne particles are inhaled, the effec-
tiveness of interactive particle-gas thermodynamic
processes will be affected by the nature of surrounding
fluid dynamics patterns. To conduct mathematical
modeling of effects of hygroscopicity upon deposition,
the growth characteristics of particles within defined
environments must be known. Laboratory tests have
been performed which yield data regarding the hygro-
scopic nature of some therapeutic aerosols and ambi-
ent pollutants. Here, data are related to environments
within the lung for oral and nasal breathing modes.
These in vitro data, which must of necessity be utilized
in the restrictive formats in which they have been de-
rived, can be associated with in vivo situations data,
and incorporated hygroscopicity within the lung.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, 'Hygroscopicity, 'Toxicology,
Thermodynamics, Respiratory system, Particle size,
Drug therapy, Mathematical models, Deposition, Res-
piration, Tables(Data), Air pollution effects(Humans),
Inhalation administration.
PB89-137053/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Tabernacle Drum Dump, New Jersey (First Reme-
dial Action), June 1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
30 Jun88,106p EPA/ROD/R02-88/059
The Tabernacle Drum Dump site is a one-acre facility
located in Tabernacle Township, Burlington County,
New Jersey. Drum disposal activities, which resulted in
contamination by hazardous substances, occurred on
a 2,000 sq ft area portion of the site. During 1976 and
1977, the Atlantic Disposal Services (ADS), disposed
of approximately 200 fifty-five gallon drums, twenty
gallon containers, and five gallon paint cans, which
were stored at the site from 1977 to 1984. Deteriora-
tion and leakage of some containers resulted in visible
soil contamination and ultimately ground water con-
tamination. The principle threat posed at the site is po-
tential ingestion of ground water Including VOCs. Re-
medial actions for this site are discussed.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial wastes,
'Waste disposal, 'Earth fills, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Sites, Risk, Public health, Ground
water, Metropolitan areas, New Jersey, 'Hazardous
waste sites, Remedial actions, 'On-site inspections,
'Cleanup operations, 'Superfund program, Risk as-
sessment, Liquid waste disposal, US EPA, Tabernacle
Township(New Jersey), Volatile organic
compounds(VOC), Drinking water.
PB89-138002/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
In-sltu Emission Factors for Residential Wood
Combustion Units. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Dec 88,45p EPA/450/3-88/013
The report presents particulate emission factors
(prams per hour, grams per kilogram) for existing tradi-
tional technology woodstoves and catalytic and non-
catalytic units which meet or could meet the Environ-
mental Protection Agency's 1988 new source perform-
ance standards.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Residential build-
ings, 'Particles, 'Stoves, Standards, Performance
evaluation, 'Emission factors, 'Air pollution standards,
'Wood fuels.
PB89-138416/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Evaluation of Control Chart Methodologies for
RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act)
Waste Sites,
Nevada Univ., Las Vegas. Environmental Research
Center.
T. H. Starks. Jan 89,49p EPA/600/4-88/040
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The report is a discussion of decision rules relating to
the monitoring of ground water at hazardous waste
sites that are subject to regulation under the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA). The
final rule for RCRA regulations 40CFR part 264 was
published October 1,1988 (S3FR39720). Understand-
ing the complexity of the monitoring problem and the
diversity of RCRA sites, the final rule wisely allows the
owner/operator to choose, conditioned on EPA ap-
proval, a site-specific 'statistical procedure.' Particular
attention is paid to the possible application of industrial
quality control strategies to the ground-water monitor-
ing problem. A decision procedure that changes over
time as more information about well and aquifer char-
acteristics accumulate is proposed. This procedure in-
volves the use of outlier tests and of Shewhart-
CUSUM quality control strategies.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Regulations,
'Ground water, 'Control charts, Sites, Aquifers, Statis-
tical quality control, Wells, Mathematical models,
'Water pollution sampling, 'Land disposal, Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976.
PB89-138424/HSU	PC A22/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Proceedings: Symposium on Iron and Steel Pollu-
tion Abatement Technology tor 1983. Held in Chi-
cago, Illinois on October 18-20,1983,
Babcock and Wilcox Co., Beaver Falls, PA.
J. S. Ruppersberger, and C. W. Askins. Dec 88,509p
EPA/600/9-88/027
See also PB83-164038. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab., and American
Iron and Steel Inst., Washington, DC.
The proceeding document presentations at the Sym-
posium on Iron and Steel Pollution Abatement Tech-
nology for 1983, the fifth in this series, held in Chicago
on October 1B-20,1983. It provided a forum for the ex-
change of information on technological problems relat-
ed to multimedia pollution control in the iron and steel
industry. Session 1 dealt with water pollution abate-
ment, Session 2 with air pollution abatement, and Sm-
sion 3 with RCRA and multimedia pollution abatement
Keywords: 'Iron and steel industry, 'Pollution, 'Meet-
ings, Industrial wastes, Water pollution abatement.
Hazardous materials, Air pollution abatement. Com-
bustion products, Furnaces, National government,
State government, Hydrocarbons, Iron oxides,
Tables(Data).
PB89-138432/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Acid Deposition, Environmental Monitoring,
and Quality Assurance.
Eastern Lake Survey, Phase 1. Data Base.
Lockheed Engineering and Sciences Co., Inc., Las
Vegas, NV.
Sep 88,134p EPA/600/4-88/032
Contracts EPA-68-03-3249, EPA-68-03-3050
See also related magnetic tape, PB87-193298. Spon-
sored in part by contracts EPA-68-03-3246, and EPA-
68-02-3889. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop
Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC., and
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Acid Deposition, Environmental Monitoring,
and Quality Assurance.
The data base package, which covers only the first
phase of ELS (ELS-I), represents one of several prod-
ucts produced by the Aquatic Effects Research Pro-
gram Technical Information Project. A computerized
copy of the ELS-l data set and the documentation nec-
essary to make use of the data are included in the
package. There are three distributed ELS-I data sets:
data set 3, the validated data set; data set 4, the final
data set; and a subset of data set 4 distributed on IBM
personal computer (PC) format disks. Data sets 3 and
4 are distributed on magnetic tape, and the PC data 8et
is distributed on a low-density diskette. Documentation
provided in the data base package includes a descrip-
tion of the design and implementation of ELS-I (Seo-
tion 2), information on the statistical design .of the
survey (Section 3), and a summary of survey results
(Section 4). The data base dictionary and instructions
on accessing the data base dictionary and instructions
on accessing the data are included as appendices.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Lakes, 'Surface
waters, Water quality, Water pollution. Surveys, R«-
8ions, Design criteria, United States, 'ELS-I database,
lata dictionaries.
PB89-138440	Not available NTIS
Ecoregions of the Upper Midwest States,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. M. Omernik, and A. L. Gallant Sep 88,64p EPA/
800/3-88/037
See also PB88-148978. Prepared in cooperation with
NSI Technology Services Corp., Corvallis, OR.
A map of ecoregions of the Upper Midwest States was
compiled to give managers of aquatic and terrestrial
resources a better understanding of the regional pet.
tems of attainable quality of these resources. Tte
ecoregions represent areas that are relatively homo-
geneous in patterns of combinations of factors includ-
ing land use, land-surface form, potential natural vege-
tation, and soils. Descriptions and photographs pro-
vide a synopsis of the major characteristics affecting
and distinguishing each ecoregion. A synoptic ap-
proach, similar to that used in defining the ecoregioM.
is also useful for applications of the map. Initial efforts
to use the framework are at the State level of aquatic
resource management and center on identifying attain-
able ranges in chemical quality, bio tic assemblages,
and lake trophic condition.
Keywords. 'Aquatic biology, 'Natural resources.
'Marine biology. 'Regional planning, 'Maps, Land
use, Surfaces, Topography, Vegetation, Soils, Water
pollution, Research management Lakes, 'Ecosys-
tems, Trophic level.
PB89-138457/H8U	PC A06/MF AQ1
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trianala
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stands^.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Toxic Air Pollutant Emission Factors: Information
Storage and Retrieval System. User's Manual.
Final rept.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Oct 88,97p EPA/450/2-88/006B
Contract EPA-68-02-4392
See also PB89-135644. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The report presents instructions on the Air Toxics
Emission Factor data management system. The
system was designed to allow easy access and up-
dates to the emission factor data presented in the ac-
companying EPA report, Toxic Air Pollutant Emission
Factors - A Compilation For Selected Air Toxic Com-
pounds And Source, EPA-450/2-88-006a. The soft-
ware system is an IBM PC based application that con-
tains a listing of emission factors categorized by pollut-
ant name, Chemical Abstracts Services (CAS) number,
industrial process description, Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) code, emission source description,
and source classification code (SCC). The program
has modules that allow users to search, add, edit, and
print data. The purpose of the report is to document
the usage of the system. EPA is making available the
system and data to agency users on two regular
(360KB) diskettes or one high density (1.2 MB) dis-
kette.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'information systems,
'MWiuals, Design criteria, Utilization, 'Emission fac-
tors, 'Toxic Air Pollutant Emission Factors, 'Toxic
substances.
PB89-138465/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Special Report; The Release of Ice Minus Recom-
binant Bacteria at California Test Sltea,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
R. J. Seldler, and S. Hern. Mar 88,204p EPA/600/3-
88/060
EPA Office of Research and Development scientists
were involved in conducting the first spray releases of
genetically engineered ice nucleatlon deficient Pseu-
domonas species In California during April and May of
1987. Their role was to verify proper functioning of the
sampling equipment and provide recommendations for
evaluating fate and transport of recombinant orga-
nisms for future field releases. The report provides a
complete documentation of the meteorological condi-
tions which existed during the spray events and on
subsequent sampling days. The report also provides
documentation of the bacteriological field data collect-
ed, including dispersal patterns of the aerosol in hori-
zontal and vertical directions; and it provides a discus-
sion of the effectiveness of the various sampling de-
vices used in enumeration of the recombinant bacte-
ria.
Keywords: 'Piants(Botany), 'Frost protection, 'Spray-
ing 'Transport properties, Graphs(Charts),
Tables(Data), Sampling, Bacteria, Aerosols, Meteoro-
logical data. Field tests, 'Pseudomonas syringae,
•Pseudomonas fluorescens.
PS89-138473/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Impacts of Acidic Deposition: Context and Case
Studies of Forest Soils in the Southeastern U.S.,
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Forest and
Wood Sciences.
D Binkley, C. T. Driscoll, H. L. Allen, P.
Sohoeneberger, and D. McAvoy. Dec 88,189p EPA/
000/3-88/061
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Univ., NY.
Dept. of Civil Engineering, and North Carolina State
Univ. at Raleigh. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmen-
tal Research Lab., OR.
The authors designed their assessment to include
both the basic foundation needed by non-experts and
the detailed Information needed by experts. Their as-
sessment includes background information on acidic
deposition (Chap. 1), an in-depth discussion of the
nature of soil acidity and ecosystem H(1 +) budgets
(Chap- 2), and a summary of rates of deposition in the
Southeastern U.S. (Chap. 3). A discussion of the
nature of forest soils in the region (Chap. 4) is followed
bu an overview of previous assessments of soB sensi-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The software Is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskettes,
double density (360K), compatible with the IBM PC/AT
microcomputer. The diskettes are in the ASCII format.
Price includes documentation, PB89-149306.
The RAMS Model for Terrestrial Pathways is a com-
puter program for calculation of numeric criteria for
land application and distribution and marketing of
sludges under the sewage sludge regulations at 40
CFR Part 503. The risk assessment models covered
assume that municipal sludge with specified character-
istics is spread across a defined area of ground at a
known rate once each year for a given number of
years. Risks associated with direct land application of
sludge applied after distribution and marketing are
both calculated. The computer program calculates the
maximum annual loading of contaminants that can be
land applied and still meet the risk criteria specified as
input. Software Description: The program is written in
the Turbo/Basic programming language for implemen-
tation on IBM PC/AT or compatible machines using
DOS 3.0 or higher operating system. Minimum core
storage is 512K.
Keywords: 'Models-Simulation, 'Sludge disposal,
•Risk, Toxicity, Food chains, Diskettes, 'Land dispos-
al, Municipal wastes, Environmental exposure path-
way, L=Turbo/Basic, H=IBM PC/AT.
DC.
PB89-138747/HSU	CP 099
SLAPMAN Model tor Groundwater Pathway (tor
Microcomputer). Model-Simulation,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
N. Whetzel. 1989,2 diskettes* EPA/SW/DK-89/017
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskettes,
double density, compatible with the IBM PC microcom-
puter. The diskettes are in the ASCII format. Price in-
cludes documentation, PB89-149298.
SLAPMAN is a set of computer programs designed to
estimate concentrations for 19 chemicals migrating
from an application area. The chemicals are: arsenic,
cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel,
TKN, zinc, benzene, benzo(a)pyrene, bis (2-
ethylhexyl)phthalate chlordane, DDT/DDE/ODD, di-
methylnitrosamine, lindane, PCBs, trichloroethylene,
toxaphene. SLAPMAN calculates a 'reasonable worst
case' level of human exposure to chemicals leaching
from an application area and being carried downwind
by the atmosphere. Exposure levels can then be com-
pared to health criteria to determine if they are likely to
cause unacceptable impacts. SLAPMAN can also be
used to calculate acceptable input concentrations
given limiting concentrations at the aquifer. Software
'ascription: The software is written in the Fortran pro-
gramming language for implementation on IBM-PC or
compatible machines using DOS 3.0 or higher operat-
ing systems. Minimum memory is 512K. Special fea-
tures/requirements: Single floppy disk drive and a hard
disk.
Keywords: 'Models-simulation, 'Ground water,
'Water pollution, Sludge dispersal, Leaching, Dis-
kettes, 'Chemical effluents, Water pollution
effects(Humans), Land pollution, L= Fortran, H=IBM
PC.
Keywords: 'Models-simulation, 'Sludge disposal,
Ground water, Vapors, Leaching, Sewage sludge, Dis-
kettes, 'Sanitary landfills, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), 'Air pollution effects(Humans),
L=Fortran, H=IBM PC.
PB89-138762/HSU	CP D99
Sludge Incineration Model (SIM) (for Microcom-
puter*). Model-Simulation,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
G. Crumpler. Apr 89,9 diskettes* EPA/SW/DK-89/
028
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskettes,
double density (360K), compatible with the IBM XT/AT
microcomputer. The diskettes are in the ASCII format.
Price includes documentation, PB89-149314.
The model is a computer program for calculation of nu-
meric criteria for incineration of sewage sludge under
sewage sludge regulations at 40 CFR Part 503. Soft-
ware Description: The model is written in the Turbo
Pascal programming language for use on an IBM XT/
AT or compatible machines using DOS 2.2+ operating
system. It requires a minimum of 640K of memory.
Special requirements are the 8087 or 80287 Math Co-
Processor and a Graphics Display Adapter.
Keywords: 'Models-Simulation, 'Sludge disposal,
Sewage disposal, Diskettes, 'Sewage sludge, 'Incin-
eration, Solid waste disposal, L=Turbo Pascal,
H=IBM PC/XT/AT.
PB89-138754/HSU	CP D99
SLUDQEMAN Model (for Microcomputer*). Model-
Simulation,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
N. Whetzel. Feb 89,3 diskettes' EPA/SW/DK-89/023
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskettes,
double density (360K), compatible with the IBM PC
microcomputer. The diskettes are in the ASCII format.
Price includes documentation, PB89-149322.
The computer program calculates numeric criteria for
groundwater and vapor pathways of monofilling of
sludges under the sewage regulations at 40 CFR Part
503. SLUDGEMAN calculates a 'reasonable worst
case' level of human exposure to chemicals leaching
from a landfill and being carried by the atmosphere.
Exposure levels can then be compared to health crite-
ria to determine if they are likely to cause unaccept-
able Impacts. Software Description: The software is
written in the FORTRAN programming language for
implementation on IBM-PC or compatible machines
using DOS 3.0 or higher operating system. Minimum
memory is 512K.
1234 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB89-13B788/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Guidance for the Preparation of Quality Assur-
ance Plans tor 03/CO SIP (State Implementation
Plan) Emlsalon Inventories. Final rept.,
Alliance Technologies Corp., Chapel Hill, NC.
S. L. Kersteter, and R. Battye. Dec 88,61 p EPA/450/
4-88/023
Contract EPA-68-02-4396
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The document presents guidance for the preparation
of quality assurance (QA) plans by State and local air
pollution control agencies required under the post
1987 ozone and carbon monoxide State Implementa-
tion Plans. The guidance discusses both required and
recommended components for these QA plans. Major
topics that are covered are as follows: QA policy state-
ment, QA and the project organization, planning, data
collection and analysis, data handling, data reporting,
and QA auditing.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Carbon monoxide, 'Guidelines,
'Air pollution control, 'Quality assurance, Sampling,
Inventories, Sources, Tables(Data), State government,
Local government, 'State Implementation Plans, Air
pollution sampling.
PB89-138796/HSU	PC A03/MF AOt
Criteria for Evaluating the Reliability of Literature
Data on Environmental Process Constants (Jour-
nal Version). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
H. P. Kollig. 1988,28p EPA/600/J-88/201
Pub. in foxicological and Environmental Chemistry,
v17 n8 p287-311 Aug 88.
In the assessment of health risk from pollutant expo-
sure, it is important for the modeler to know the reliabil-
ity of literature values that are needed for estimating
the fate of toxic substances in the environment Since
literature values, in general, are of unknown reliability,
evaluation criteria were developed for twelve rate and
equilibrium constants used in environment modeling.
These evaluation criteria also can be used to assess
the reliability of literature values for other properties.
(Copyright (c) 1986 Gordon and Breach Science Pub-
lishers, Tnc.)
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Hazardous materials, 'Expo-
sure, 'Mathematical models, Physicochemical praier-
ties Evaluation, Public health, Chemical analysis, Con-
stants, Reliability, Criteria, 'Risk assessment, Environ-
mental factors.
PB89-138804/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Analysis of Volatile Organic Compound* in Water
by Dynamic Stripping, Thermal Desorptlon, Cryo-
focualng, and Capillary Gas Chromatography
(Journal Version). Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Ada, OK.
S. A. Vandegrift. 1988,6p EPA/600/J-88/200
Contract EPA-68-03-3315
Pub. in Jnl. of Chromatographic Science, v26 p513-
516 Oct 88. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmen-
tal Research Lab., Ada, OK.
A dynamic headspace procedure developed for the
determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in
water is described. The VOCs are purged from a water
sample with an inert gas, transferring them to a tube
packed with Tenax adsorbent. The adsorbent tube, or
trap, is thermally desorbed, the analytes cryotocused,
and subsequently transferred to a capillary column gas
chromatograph.
Keywords:	'Water	analyses,
Concentration(Composition),	Desorption,
Stripping(Distillation), Reprints, 'Water pollution de-
tection, 'Volatile organic compounds, 'Capillary gas
chromatography, Cryofocusing.
PB89-138812/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada.
OK.
Distribution and Activity of Microorganisms in
Subsurface Sediments of a Pristine Study Site in
Oklahoma (Journal Version). Journal article,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. Dept. of Microbiology.
R. M. Beloin, J. L. Sinclair, and W. C. Ghiorse. C1888,
15p EPA/600/J-88/199
Pub. in Microbial Ecology, v16 n1 p85-97 Jul 88. Spon-
sored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab.,
Ada, OK.
Distribution and activity of microorganisms in surface
sod and subsurface sediments were studied in depth
profiles of six different microbial biomass and activity
indicators (total direct counts, number of cells capable
of electron transport system activity, viable cell plate
counts, most probable numbers of protozoa, and 4-hy.
droxy-benzoate-degrading microorganisms, and Alp
content). The profiles showed same general trends on
two different dates (January and June 1985). Seasonal
variations were noted, but they were not extreme. Bio-
mass and activity values declined sharply with depth in
the unsaturated zone, reaching minima in a clay con-
fining layer in the interface zone between 3 and 4 m.
Lowest values were detected in an underlying bedrock
clay layer at 8 m, which, despite its impermeability and
low viable counts, did contain measurable total counts,
4-hydroxy-benzoate-degrading microorganisms, and
ATP. Correlations were noted between sediment tex-
ture and microbial activity (i.e„ sandy texture = high
activity, clayey texture = low activity), but other hydro-
geological and geochemical factors probably also in-
fluenced microbial distribution and activity in the pro-
file. (Copyright (c) Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
1988.)
Keywords: 'Microorganisms, 'Sediments, 'Ground
water, 'Soil analysis, Sites, Sampling, Biomass, Okla-
homa, Bacteria, Geochemistry, Aquifers, Boreholes,
Reprints, 'Water pollution sampling, 'Land pollution.
PB89-138820/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada.
OK.
Morphological and Cultural Comparison of Micro,
organisms In Surfsce Soil and Subsurface Sedi-
ments at a Pristine Study Site in Oklahoma (Jour-
nal Version). Journal article,
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Dept. of Biological
Scisncs
T. L. Bone, and D. L. Balkwill. c1988,18p EPA/600/J.
88/198
Pub. in Microbial Ecology, v16 n1 p49-64 Jul 88. Spon-
sored by Robert S. Ken- Environmental ResearchLah^
Ada, OK.	V
Surface-soil and subsurface microfloras at the site of a
shallow aquifer in Oklahoma were examined and com-
pared with respect to (1) total and viable cell number*.
(2) colony and cell types that grew on various ptatbu
media. (3) cell morphologies seen in flotation fH
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
structure. Appreciable numbers of microbial cells were
present in the subsurface, but the subsurface micro-
flora was considerably less populous than that of the
surface soil. The subsurface microflora (especially that
of the saturated zone) also appeared to be much less
diverse, containing fewer microbial types that would
grow on enumeration plates (on nutrient-rich media, 3-
4 colony types versus 19-22 for the surface soil) and
fewer cell types that could be distinguished by direct
microscopy (3-4 types versus 17 for the surface soil).
The specific types of microorganisms that were nu-
merically predominant in the aquifer sediments were
entirely different from those that were predominant in
the surface soil. Moreover, the predominant types
varied from one depth to another within the saturated
zone. The potential metabolic capability of the subsur-
face microflora, as indicated by its readiness to grow
rapidly on nutrient-rich media, also varied with depth.
(Copyright (c) Springer-Verlag New York Inc. 1988.)
Keywords: 'Microorganisms, 'Sediments, 'Ground
water, 'Soil analysis, 'Cell morphology, Sampling,
Sites, Oklahoma, Aquifers., Reprints, 'Microfloras,
'Water pollution sampling, 'Land pollution.
PB89-136638/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Phthallc Acids (o-, m-, p-).
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Aug 86,92p EPA/600/X-86/292
The Health and Environmental Effects Profile for
Phthallc Adds (o-, m-, p-) was prepared to support list-
ings of hazardous constituents of a wide range of
waste streams. Quantitative estimates have been pre-
sented provided sufficient data are available. p-Phthal-
ic aicid has been determined to be a systemic toxicant.
A Reference Dose (RfD), defined as an estimate (with
uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude)
of the daily exposure to the human population (includ-
ing sensitive subgroups) that is likely to be without ap-
isting -
Dose (RfD) or a carcinogenic potency factor for o- and
m-phthalic acid. The Reportable Quantity (RQ) value
of 1,10, 100,1000 or 5000 pounds is used to deter-
mine the quantity of a hazardous substance for which
notification is required in the event of a release (as
specified by CERCLA) based on chronic toxicity. The
RQ value for p-phthallc acid is 1000. Existing data are
insufficient to determine an RQ value for o- and m-
phthallc acid.
Keywords: 'Phthallc acids, 'isophthalic acid, 'Tereph-
thalic add, 'Toxicity, 'Hazardous materials, Exposure,
ConcentrationfComposition), Toxicology, Excretion,
Metabolism, Profiles, Fishes, Vertebrates, Carcino-
gens, Mutagens, Teratogens, 'Health effects, 'Envi-
ronmental effects, CAS 121-91-5, CAS 88-99-3, Envi-
ronmental transport, Risk assessment, Pharmacokine-
tics, Tissue distribution, CAS 100-21-0, Blodegrada-
tion.
PBS9-138846/HSU	PC AM/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Reductions of Enteric Microorganisms during
Aerobic Sludge Digestion: Comparison of Con-
ventional and Autoheated Digesters,
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
jH. Martin. Jan 89,124p EPA/600/2-88/072
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The objectives of the investigation were to: (1) deter-
mine the seasonal variations in sludge stabilization
and reductions In the densities of indicator organisms,
Salmonella ssp., and enteroviruses that occur with
conventional aerobic digestion in cold climates: and
(2) demonstrate that both sludge stabilization and re-
ductions In the densities of these microorganisms can
be improved by simple modifications that Increase
orocess temperature. Two 32 cu m aerobic digesters
located at a small municipal wastewater treatment
olont were operated continuously over a period of 20
months to obtain the data necessary to satisfy these
obiectives. One digester was a conventional digester
w^e the other was designed to minimize heat losses
and thus, facilitate autoheating.
Keywords: "Sludge digestion, 'Aerobic processes,
'Aerobic bacteria, 'Microorganism control(Sewage).
Municipalities,	Sludge	disposal,
Digestion(Decomposition), Digesters, Temperature,
Stabilization, Enteroviruses, Salmonella ssp.
PB89-138853/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Field Measurements of Full-Scale Hazardous
Waste Treatment Facilities - Organic Solvent
Wastes.
Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Wakefield, MA.
Jan 89,216p EPA/600/2-88/073
Contract EPA-68-03-3166
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The report describes the treatment of organic hazard-
ous wastes by distillation, thin-film evaporation, incin-
eration, steam stripping, waste blending, carbon ad-
sorption and activated sludge at full-scale facilities.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Organic com-
pounds, 'Waste treatment, Distillation, Evaporation,
Adsorption, Tables(Data), 'Waste utilization, Steam
stripping, Incineration, Activated sludge treatment,
Fuel substitutes.
PB89-138861/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Episodic Response Project Research Plan,
FTN Associates, Little Rock, AR.
K. Thornton, J. P. Baker, D. Marmorek, D. Bernard, and
K. N. Eshleman. Feb 88,255p EPA/600/3-88/059
Contract EPA-68-03-3439
Prepared in cooperation with Kilkelly Environmental
Associates, Inc., Raleigh, NC., Environmental and
Social Systems Analysts Ltd., Vancouver (British Co-
lumbia), and Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
In some geographic locations, acidic deposition is
known to be affecting surface water chemistry on both
long-term and short-term time scales. Considerable re-
search in the past decade has greatly improved our un-
derstanding of the biological effects of acidification,
particularly the relationship between chronic chemical
conditions and biological responses. In comparison,
relatively little is known about the role that short-term
acidification is having on the composition or function-
ing of aquatic biological communities. Despite this sci-
entific uncertainty, it is generally presumed that short-
term acidification ('episodes') can result in significant
adverse effects on aquatic resources of interest, par-
ticularly fish communities. Recognizing episodes as a
potentially important source of uncertainty in index-
based estimates of acidic deposition effects on popu-
lations of lakes and streams, the EPA has initiated the
Episodic Response Project (ERP). From an acidifica-
tion perspective, the ERP is designed primarily to
quantify this component of uncertainty in regional pop-
ulation estimates, and to determine the degree to
which acidic episodes adversely affect fish popula-
tions.
Keywords: 'Acid rain, 'Air pollution, 'Fishes, 'Surface
waters, Water pollution, Lakes, Streams, Acidification,
Aquatic animals, 'Episodic Response Project, 'Water
pollution effects(Animals), 'Air-water interactions.
PB89-139026/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Pesticide
Fact Sheet No. 188: OxytetracycHne.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 88,9p EPA/540/FS-89/017
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a group of oxytetracycilne
pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the fol-
lowing actions has occurred: Issuance or reissuance of
a registration standard; Issuance of each special
review document; Registration of a significantly
changed use pattern; Registration of a new chemical;
or An immediate need for information to resolve con-
troversial Issues relating to a specific chemical or use
pattern.
Keywords: 'Antibiotics, 'Tetracyclines, 'Pesticides,
Hazardous materials. Chemical properties, Regula-
tions, Toxicology, Toxic tolerances, Standards, Bacter-
icides, Algicides, Fungicides, 'Oxytetracyclines, Oxy-
tetracycHne hydrochloride, Calcium oxytetracycline,
CAS 79-57-2, CAS 7179-50-2, CAS 2058-46-0, Use
patterns, Chemical information fact sheet, Naphtha-
cene carboxamide/dimethyamino-octahydro-hexahy-
dro-methyl-dioxo.
PB89-139042/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Causeways in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. Final
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Anchorage, AK.
Alaska Operations Office.
B. D. Ross. Oct 88,35p EPA/910/9-88/218
The report reviews information from several years of
permit-required field monitoring of the physical and bi-
ological effects of solid-fill gravel causeways in the
Beaufort Sea near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. The shallow
nearshore zone of the Beaufort Sea coast in the Prud-
hoe Bay area functions biologically as an estuary. Area
anadromous fish rely heavily upon the comparatively
moderate estuarine conditions in this zone. Prudhoe
Bay area causeways have been constructed across
this critical zone, degrading the nearshore estuarine
environment by: (1) deflecting fresh and brackish
water masses offshore, resulting in the loss of thermal
energy and fresh water from the nearshore; (2) caus-
ing enhanced upweiling and intrusion of marine water
directly into the nearshore zone in replacement of the
deflected estuarine water; and (3) affecting local ice
dynamics. These physical effects increase the risks
that populations of anadromous fish will be seriously
affected by increased overwinter mortalities, reduced
growth and fecundity, and/or delayed maturation. Evi-
dence that these impacts may already have begun to
occur is discussed. Construction of additional cause-
ways in the area would further increase these risks.
Keywords: 'Causeways, 'Fishes, 'Water quality, 'Pe-
troleum pipelines, 'Prudhoe Bay, Estuarines, Oil fields,
Gravel, Industrial wastes, Beaufort Sea, 'Water pollu-
tion effects(Animal8).
PB89-139117/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT)
Background Document for K009 and K010 (Pro-
posed),
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
R. April, and J. Labiosa. Dec 88,78p* EPA/530/SW-
89/017C
See also PB89-139349 and PB83-139646.
The document provides background information on
EPA's technical support for selecting and developing
treatment standards for the constituents to be regulat-
ed for the K009 and K010 wastes. Section 2 presents
waste-specific information, the number and location of
facilities affected by the land disposal restrictions, the
waste generating process, and waste characterization
data. Section 3 discusses the applicable and demon-
strated technologies used to treat the waste or similar
wastes, and Section 4 summarizes the available per-
formance data, including data on which the treatment
standards are based. Section 5 explains EPA's deter-
mination of BDAT, while Section 6 discusses the se-
lection of constituents proposed for regulation. Deter-
mination of treatment standards is presented in Sec-
tion 7.
Keywords: 'industrial waste treatment, Acrvlonitriles,
Halogen organic compounds, Waste water, Standards,
Regulations, Water pollution control, 'Land disposal,
'Best technology, 'Land pollution abatement, US
EPA, Point sources.
PB89-139190/HSU	MF A01
National Emissions Report, 1985: National Emis-
sions Data Systems (NEDS) of the Aerometrtc and
Emissions Reporting System (AEROS). Final rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Sep 88,1743p EPA/450/4-88/018
See also PB86-114659.
The National Emissions Report summarizes annual
cumulative estimates of source emissions of five crite-
ria pollutants: particules, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides,
volatile organic compounds, and carbon monoxide.
Source emissions data are reported to the U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency under provisions of Sec-
tion 110 of the Clean Air Act, as amended 1977, and
EPA regulations, Title 40, Code of Federal Regula-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tions, Part 51.321. Summary data are presented for
the Nation as a whole, for individual States, and for Air
Quality Control Regions and for individual interstate
portions thereof. The data compilations result from the
operations of the National Emissions Data System
(NED), which functions as a component of the compre-
hensive EPA air information system-the Aerometric
and Emissions Reporting System (AEROS). AEROS is
managed by the National Air Data Branch, Emissions
Standard Division, Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, at
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
Keywords: *Air pollution, Particles, Sulfur oxides, Ni-
trogen oxides, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, 'Na-
tional Emissions Data System, Aerometric and Emis-
sions Reporting System.
PB89-139349/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Best Demonstrated and Available Technology
(BDAT) Background Document for K028, K029,
K095, K096 (Proposed),
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L. Jones, and J. Berlow. 28 Dec 88,104p* EPA/530/
SW-89/017M
See also PB89-139117.
The document provides background information on
EPA's rationale and technical support for selecting the
proposed constituents to be regulated in K028 waste
and for developing proposed treatment standards for
these constituents. The background document also
provides the Agency's rationale and technical support
for proposing a standard of 'No Land Disposal Based
on No Generation' for alt K029 nonwastewaters and a
standard of 'No Land Disposal Based on Recycling' for
all K095 and K096 nonwastewaters. The Agency is
not proposing treatment standards for wastewater
forms of K029, K09S, or K096. The Agency may de-
velop such treatment standards prior to May 8,1990 if
there is an identified need for such standards (i.e., if
wastewater forms of the listed wastes are proven to be
generated).
Keywords: 'industrial waste treatment, Organic com-
pounds, Inorganic compounds, Waste water, Stand-
ards, Regulations, Water pollution control, 'Land dis-
posal, 'Best technology, Land pollution abatement,
Point sources, US EPA.
PB89-139646/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document for K011, K013, and K014
(Proposed),
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
R. April, and M. Chatmon-McEaddy. Dec 88,197p*
EPA/530/SW-89/017B
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The document provides background information on
EPA's technical support for selecting and developing
the proposed treatment standards for the constituents
to be regulated in acrylonitrile wastes. Section 2 pre-
sents waste-specific information (the number and lo-
cation of facilities affected by the land disposal restric-
tions, the waste generating process, and waste char-
acterization data). The technologies used to treat the
waste or similar wastes are discussed in Section 3. All
the available performance data, including data on
which the treatment standards are based, are present-
ed in Section 4. Section 5 explains EPA's determina-
tions of BDAT, and Section 6 discusses the selection
of constituents to be regulated. The proposed treat-
ment standards are determined in Section 7.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Acrylonitriles,
Standards, Regulations, Waste water, Water pollution
control, Organic compounds. Cyanides, Metals, 'Land
pollution abatement, 'Best technology, US EPA, Land
disposal, Point sources.
PB89-139695/HSU	PC A21/MF A01
Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA.
Proceedings: 1987 Joint Symposium on Station-
ary Source Combustion NOx Control. Held in New
Orleans, Louisiana on March 23-26,1987. Volume
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
B B. Emmel. Dec 88,495p EPA/600/9-68/026A
Contract EPA-66-02-3994
See also Volume 2, PB89-139703, and PB86-225042.
Sponsored by Electric Power Research Inst., Palo
Alto, CA., and Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The two-volume proceedings document the 1987 Joint
(EPA and EPRI) Symposium on Stationary Combustion
NOx Control, held March 23-26,1987 in New Orleans,
LA. The 49 presentations covered: low NOx combus-
tion developments (e.g., reburning and burner design
modifications): coal-, oil-, and gas-fired boiler applica-
tions: flue gas treatment processes; fundamental com-
bustion studies: and industrial and commercial applica-
tions. Also presented were manufacturers' updates O'
commercially available technology and an overview ol
environmental issues involving NOx control. Atten-
dees represented 14 nations. Volume 1 covers Ses-
sions I (background and environmental issues), II (low-
NOx combustion development), III (manufacturers'
update of commercially available technology), and IV
(coal-fired boiler applications).
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Air pollution control, 'Industrial
wastes, 'Nitrogen oxides, Combustion products,
Fossil fuels, Flue gases, Commercial buildings, Indus-
trial plants, 'Stationary sources.
PB89-139703/HSU	PC A22/MF A01
Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA.
Proceedings: 1987 Joint Symposium on Station-
ary Source Combustion NOx Control. Held In New
Orleans, Louisiana on March 23-26,19B7.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
B. B. Emmel. Dec 88,511p EPA/600/9-88/026B
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
See also Volume 1, PB89-139695. Sponsored by Elec-
tric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA., and Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The two-volume proceedings document the 1987 Joint
(EPA and EPRI) Symposium on Stationary Combustion
NOx Control, held March 23-26,1987 in New Orleans,
LA. The 49 presentations covered: low NOx combus-
tion developments (e.g., reburning and burner design
modifications); coal-, oil-, and gas-fired boiler applica-
tions; flue gas treatment processes; fundamental com-
bustion studies; and industrial and commercial applica-
tions. Also presented were manufacturers' updates of
commercially available technology and an overview of
environmental issues involving NOx control. Atten-
dees represented 14 nations, volume 2 covers Ses-
sions Va (flue gas treatment), Vb (fundamental com-
bustion studies), VI (cyclone-fired boilers), Vila (oil-
and gas-fired boilers), and Vllb (industrial and commer-
cial applications).
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Air pollution control, 'Industrial
wastes, 'Nitrogen oxides, Combustion products,
Fossil fuels, Flue gases, Commercial buildings, Indus-
trial plants, 'Stationary sources.
PB89-139752/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Proposed Organic Emission Standards and Test
Procedures for 1988 and Later Methanol Vehicles
and Engines.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Office of Mobile Sources.
Jul 86,112p
See also PB88-169115.
The results of analyses conducted in support of the
proposed standards for emissions from methanol-
fueled vehicles and motor vehicle engines are summa-
rized in the document. (51 FR 30984, August 29,
1986). The analyses include selection of standards for
emissions of methanol and formaldehyde based on
non-ozone-related health effects, microscale expo-
sure scenarios, measurement of methanol concentra-
tions and the consideration of the costs and benefits of
the proposed action as well as a comparison of the
proposed action with alternative regulatory approach-
es. Inclusion of methanol fueled vehicles and engines
in the diesel particulate averaging programs is also in-
cluded.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Formaldehyde,
'Motor vehicles, 'Regulations, 'Air pollution abate-
ment, Standards, Toxicity, Substitutes,
Concentration(Composition), Public health, Ozone,
'Methanol, Air quality, Air pollution sampling, Alcohol
fuels.
PB89-140016/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Cape Cod Aquifer Management Project (CCAMP):
Hydrogeologlc Papers. Rept. for Aug 85-Dec 87.
Massachusetts Dept. of Environmental Quality Engi-
neering, Boston.
Sep88,40p
See also PB89-106298 and PB89-140024. Prepared in
cooperation with Environmental Protection Agency,
Boston, MA. Region I, Geological Survey, Boston, MA.
Water Resources Div., and Cape Cod Planning and
Economic Development Commission, Barnstable, MA.
The project was initiated in 1985 with the goal of study-
ing existing federal, state, and local programs for pro-
tecting and preserving Cape Cod's sole-source aqui-
fer. To meet this need, the Massachusetts Department
of Environmental Quality Engineering and the U.S. En-
vironmental Protection Agency's Region 1 in coopera-
tion with the Cape Cod Planning and Economic and
Development Commission and the U.S. Geological
Survey initiated a two-year study to determine the ade-
quacy of current groundwater protection programs and
to recommend improvements. In the process of gath-
ering and evaluating hydrogeological data from the
Towns of Barnstable and Eastham, the CCAMP Aqui-
fer Assessment Committee developed the papers
which are the subject of this publication. These studies
formed the technical basis for groundwater resource
management decision making.
Keywords'. 'Ground water, 'Aquifers, 'Massachusetts,
Water resources, Water supply, Toxic material, Water
pollution, Waste disposal, Sewage treatment. Water
wells, Mathematical models, Hydrogeology, Subsur-
face drainage, Pesticides, Management, 'Cape Cod.
PB89-140024/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Cape Cod Aquifer Management Project (CCAMP):
Institutions! Recommendations. Rept. for Aug 85-
Dec 87.
Massachusetts Dept. of Environmental Quality Engi-
neering. Boston.
Sep 88, 53p
See also PB89-140016 and PB89-106298. Prepared in
cooperation with Environmental Protection Agency,
Boston, MA. Region I, Geological Survey, Boston, MA.
Water Resources Div., and Cape Cod Planning and
Economic Development Commission, Barnstable, MA.
The project was initiated in 1985 with the goal Of study-
ing existing federal, state, and local programs for pro-
tecting and preserving Cape Cod's sole-source aqui-
fer. To meet this need, the Massachusetts Departmnt
of Environmental Quality Engineering, U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency's Region T in cooperation
with the Cape Cod Planning and Economic and Devel-
opment Commission and the U.S. Geological Survey
initiated a two-year study to determine the adequacy of
current groundwater protection programs and to rec-
ommend improvements. The document focuses on
specific recommendations for the improvement of
local, state, and federal programs to protect this re-
source.
Keywords: 'Government policies, 'Ground waiter,
'Aquifers, 'Water pollution abatement, Water re-
sources, Water supply, Water pollution, Management,
Earth fills, Classifications, Land use. Water wells, Haz-
ardous materials, Massachusetts, 'Cape Cod.
PB89-141071/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Guidance for the R•registration of Pesticide
Products Containing Oxydemeton-Methyl as the
Active ingredient
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 87,174p EPA/540/RS-88/134
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
the rag-
The document contains information re=„
istration of pesticide products containing c.
methyl. The document includes how to register under a
registration standard, regulatory position and rationale,
and summaries of data requirements and data gaps.
Also included is a bibliography containing citations of
all studies reviewed by tPA in arriving at the positions
and conclusions contained in the standard.
Keywords: 'Acaricides, 'Insecticides, 'Pesticides.
'Toxicity, 'Standards, Toxic tolerances, Regulations!
Tables(Data), Phosphorus organic compounds, Sulfur
organic compounds, Metabolism, Pesticide residues.
Labelling, Exposure, "Oxydemeton-methyl, *Phoa-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
phorothioic acid/(dimethyl-ester)-((ethylsulfinyl)ethyl-
ester), CAS 301-12-2, Environmental effects, Path of
pollutants, Risk assessment, Aquatic organisms, Reg-
istration standard, Health effects.
PB89-141329/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet No. 34.2: Phorate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 88,11p EPA/540/FS-89/019
See also PB87-111530.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, Including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. Issuance or reissuance
of a registration standard; Issuance of each special
review document; Registration of a significantly
changed use pattern; Registration of a new chemical,
or an immediate need for information to resolve con-
troversial issues relating to a specific chemical or use
pattern.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Regulations, 'Pesticides, In-
structions, Standards, Phosphorus organic com-
pounds, Insecticides, Utilization, Farm crops, Pesticide
residues, Path of pollutants.
PM9-141337/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstration of Pesticide
Products Containing Phorate aa the Active Ingre-
dient
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 88,164p EPA/540/RS-89/020
Supersedes PB87-109393. See also PB89-141329.
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of date requirements
and data gaps. Also Included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA In arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard-
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Regulations, 'Pesticides,
Ecology. Standards, Requirements, Chemical analy-
sis, Marking, Public health, Tolerances(Physlology),
Waste disposal. Phosphorus organic compounds,
•Pesticide residues, 'Path of pollutants.
us individual report for order number and price/
see individual report for order number and
prioe
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Battelle, Arlington, VA.
26 Iasues26 issuesWater Quality Standards Criteria
Summarie
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Water Regulations and
Standards.
The report contains excerpts from the individual State
water quality standards establishing pollutant specific
criteria for interstate surface waters. Mercury in state
water quality standards is the subject of the compila-
tl0nMercury. 1988,63p PC A04/MF A01 PB89-
141378/HSU
Oroanica. 1988,62p PC A04/MF A01 PB89-
141386/HSU
Bacteria. 1988, S8p PC A04/MF A01 PB89-
141394/HSU
Designated Uses. 1988,73p PC A04/MF A01
P089-1414O2/HSU
Intermittent Streams. 1988,22p PC A03/MF A01
PBW-141410/HSU
> General Provisions. 1988,45p PC A03/MF A01
PM9-141428/HSU
Other Elements. 1988,34p PC A03/MF A01
PM9-141438/H8U
phosphorus. 1988,23p PC A03/MF A01 PB8&-
i7i444/HSU
TwWdity. 1988,23p PC A03/MF A01 PB89-
1414B1/HSU
Cadmium. 1988,62p PC A04/MF A01 PB89-
141469/HSU
Mixing Zones. 1988, 85p PC A05/MF A01 PB89-
141477/HSU
Cyanide. 1988,57p PC A04/MF A01 PB89-
141485/HSU
Definitions. 1988,158p PC A08/MF A01 PB89-
141493/HSU
Arsenic. 1988,60p PC A04/MF A01 PB89-
141501/HSU
Zinc. 1988,58p PC A04/MF A01 PB89-141519/
HSU
Acidity-Alkalinity (pH). 1988,33p PC A03/MF A01
PB89-141527/HSU
Pesticides. 1988,65p PC A04/MF A01 PB89-
141535/HSU
Iron. 1988, 58p PC A04/MF A01 PB89-141543/
HSU
Temperature. 1988,87p PC A05/MF A01 PB89-
1415S0/HSU
Dissolved Oxygen. 1988,37p PC A03/MF A01
PB89-141568/HSU
Dissolved Solids. 1988,27p PC A03/MF A01
PB89-141576/HSU
Chromium. 1988,62p PC A04/MF A01 PB89-
141584/HSU
Copper. 1988,59p PC A04/MF A01 PB89-
141592/HSU
Antidegradation. 1988,82p PC A05/MF A01
PB89-141600/HSU
Nitrogen-Ammonia/Nitrate/Nitrite. 1988,35p PC
A03/MFA01 PB89-141618/HSU
Lead. 1988, S9p PC A04/MF A01 PB89-141628/
HSU
PB89-141634/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
State Water Quality Standards Summaries. Final
rept.
Battelle, Arlington, VA.
Sep 88,408p EPA/440/5-88/031
Contract EPA-68-03-3534
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Water Regulations and
Standards.
The report contains a complete summary of water
quality standards for 56 States and U.S. Territories.
Water Quality Standards for the State of California are
not included. A source for obtaining Information about
the water quality standards of California is however,
provided.
Keywords: *States(United States), 'Standards,
'Water pollution, Regulations, Licenses, Water con-
servation, Ground water, Surface waters,
Tables(Data), Classifications, 'Water quality stand-
ards.
see Individual report for order number and price/
HSU
see Individual report for order number and
price
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
1988, Final rept.
Battelle, Arlington, VA.
57 issues57 issuesState Water Quality Standards
Summary.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Water Regulations and
Standards.
The report contains summary of water quality stand-
ards for Alaska. Included Is information on use classifi-
cation and waterbodles and other pertinent data.
Alaska. 1988,11 p PC A03/MF A01 PB89-
141642/HSU
Alabama. 1988,9p PC A02/MF A01 PB89-
141669/HSU
Arkansas. 1988,10pPCA02/MFA01 PB8S-
141667/H8U
American Samoa. 1988,8p PC A02/MF A01
PB89-141876/HSU
Arizona. 1988,11pPCA03/MFA01 PB89-
141683/H8U
California. 1988,3p PC A02/MF A01 PB89-
141691/HSU
Colorado. 1988,11 p PC A03/MF A01 PB89-
141709/HSU
N. Mariana Islands. 1988,10p PC A02/MFA01
PB89-141717/HSU
Connecticut. 1988, lip PCA03/MFA01 PBS9-
141725/HSU
District of Columbia. 1988,11 p PC A03/MF A01
PB89-141733/HSU
Delaware. 1988,9p PC A02/MF A01 PB89-
141741/HSU
Florida. 1988,10p PC A02/MF A01 PB89-
141758/HSU
Georgia. 1988,9p PC A02/MF A01 PB89-
141766/HSU
Guam. 1988,8p PC A02/MF A01 PB89-141774/
HSU
Hawaii. 1988,8p PC A02/MF A01 PB89-141782/
HSU
Iowa. 1988,9p PC A02/MF A01 PB89-141790/
HSU
Idaho. 1988,11p PC A03/MFA01 PB89-
141808/HSU
Illinois. 1988,11 p PC A03/MF A01 PB89-
141816/HSU
Indiana. 1988,10p PC A02/MF A01 PB89-
141824/HSU
Kansas. 1988,11p PC A03/MFA01 PB89-
141832/HSU
Kentucky. 1988,10pPCA02/MF A01 PB89-
141840/HSU
Louisiana. 1988,9p PC A02/MF A01 PB89-
141857/HSU
Massachusetts. 1988,9p PC A02/MF A01 PB«9-
141885/HSU
Maryland. 1988,9p PC A02/MF A01 PBS9-
141873/HSU
Maine. 1988,10p PC A02/MF A01 PB89-
141881/HSU
Michigan. 1988,9p PC A02/MF A01 PB89-
141899/HSU
Minnesota. 1988,10p PC A02/MF A01 PB89-
141907/HSU
Missouri. 1988,11p PC A03/MFA01 PB89-
141B15/HSU
Mississippi. 1988,9p PC A02/MFA01 PB89-
141923/HSU
Montana. 1988,9p PC A02/MF A01 PB89-
141931/HSU
North Carolina. 1988,13p PC A03/MF A01
PB89-141949/HSU
North Dakota. 1988,1 Op PC A02/MFA01 PM9-
141956/H8U
Nebraska. 1988,11 p PC A03/MF A01 PB89-
141964/HSU
New Hampshire. 1988,7p PC A02/MF A01
PB89-141972/HSU
New Jersey. 1988,10p PC A02/MF A01 PB89-
141980/HSU
New Mexico. 1988,11 p PC A03/MF A01 PB89-
141998/HSU
Nevada. 1988,11 p PC A03/MF A01 PB89-
142004/HSU
New York. 1988,19p PC A03/MF A01 PB8»-
142012/HSU
Ohio. 1988,14p PC A03/MF A01 PB89-142020/
HSU
Oklahoma. 1988,12p PC A03/MF A01 PB8»-
142038/HSU
Oregon. 1988,7p PC A02/MF A01 PB89-
142046/HSU
Pennsylvania. 1988,11 p PC A03/MF A01 PBM-
142083/HSU
Puerto Rico. 1988,11 p PC A03/MF A01 PB89-
142061/HSU
Rhode Island. 1988,14p PC A03/MF A01 PBM-
142079/HSU
South Carolina. 1988,11 p PC A03/MF A01
PB89-142087/HSU
South Dakota. 1988,11p PC A03/MFA01 PB89-
142095/HSU
Tennessee. 1988,9p PC A02/MFA01 PB89-
142103/HSU
Trust Territories. 1988,11pPCA03/MFA01
PB89-142111/HSU
Texas. 1988,10p PC A02/MF A01 PB89-
142129/HSU
Utah. 1988,13p PC A03/MF A01 PB89-142137/
HSU
Virginia. 1988,10p PC A02/MF A01 PB88-
14214S/HSU
Virgin Islands. 1988,8p PC A02/MF A01 PB89-
142152/HSU
Vermont. 1988,9p PC A02/MF A01 PBW-
142180/HSU
Washington. 1988,9p PC A02/MF A01 rast-
142178/HSU
Wisconsin. 1988,8p PC A02/MF A01 P889-
142186/HSU
West Virginia. 1988,10p PC A02/MF A01 P8M-
142194/HSU
Wyoming. 1988,10p PC A02/MF A01 PBW-
142202/HSU
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB89-142210/HSU	PC E99/MF E99
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Dec 88,1039p-in 11v*
Set includes PB89-142228 through PB89-142285,
PB89-142301, PB89-139117, PB89-139349, and
PB89-139646.
No abstract available.
PB89-142228/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document (or Cyanide Wastes (F008)
(Non-CBI Version) (Proposed).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Dec 88,195p* EPA/530/SW-89/017A
See also PB89-142236.
Also available in set of 11 volumes PC E99, PB89-
142210.
The document provides the background for EPA's
technical support for selecting ana developing pro-
posed treatment standards for the constituents to be
regulated for the electroplating and metal heat treating
wastes. Sections 2 through 7 present information for
the F-code wastes. Section 2 describes the industries
affected by regulation of these wastes, explains the
processes generating these wastes, and presents
available waste characterization data. Section 3 speci-
fies the applicable and demonstrated treatment tech-
nologies for these wastes and presents descriptions of
those technologies. Section 4 contains performance
data for the demonstrated technologies, and Section S
analyzes these performance data to determine BDAT
for each waste. In Section 6 the rationale for selection
of regulated constituents is presented, and in Section
7 the proposed BDAT treatment standards are calcu-
lated for the regulated constituents selected. Section 8
discusses associated inorganic cyanide P-code
wastes and details the development of the proposed
treatment standards for these wastes.
Keywords: "Metal industry, 'Industrial waste treat-
ment, 'Regulations, "Standards, Electroplating, Cyan-
ides, Cyanide hardening, "Best technology, 'Solid
waste disposal, 'Sludge treatment, Waste water treat-
ment, Technology utilization.
PB89-142236/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document for K043 (Non-CBI Ver-
sion) (Proposed).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Dec 88,47p* EPA/530/SW-89/017D
See also PB89-142244 and PB89-142228.
Also available In set of 11 volumes PC E99, PB89-
142210.
The document provides the background for EPA's
technical support for selecting and developing the pro-
posed treatment standards for the constituents to be
regulated in K043 waste. Section 2 presents waste-
specific information-the number and location of facili-
ties affected by the land disposal restrictions, the
waste generating process, and waste characterization
data. Section 3 discusses the technologies used to
treat the waste (or similar waste), and Section 4 pre-
sents available performance data, including data on
which the proposed treatment standards are based.
Section 5 explains EPA's determination of BDAT,
while Section 7 discusses the selection of constituents
to be regulated. The proposed treatment standards
are determined in Section 7.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Regulations,
'Standards, 'Hazardous materials, Pesticides, Phen-
ols, Dioxlns, Furans, Chlorine organic compounds,
'Best technology, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Waste
water treatment, Technology utilization, Dichloro-
phenol, SIC 2818.
PB69-142244/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT)
Background Document for Phthalate Wastes (Pro-
In^ronmentTprotection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Deo 88,43p* EPA/530/SW-89/017E
See also PB89-142236 and PB89-142251.
Also available in set of 11 volumes PC E99, PB89-
142210.
The document provides the background for EPA's
technical support for selecting and developing treat-
ment standards for the constituents to be regulated in
the phthalate wastes. Sections 2 • 7 present waste-
specific information for the K023, K093, and K094
wastes. Section 2 presents the number and location of
facilities affected by the land disposal restrictions, the
waste generating process, and the waste characteriza-
tion data. Section 3 presents the technologies used to
treat the wastes (or similar wastes). Section 4 presents
the available performance data, including data on
which the proposed treatment standards are based.
Section 5 explains EPA's determination of BDAT,
while Section 6 discusses the selection of constituents
to be regulated. Proposed treatment standards are de-
termined in Section 7. Section 8 presents a discussion
of the development of proposed treatment standards
for those phthalate wastes designated as U wastes
(U028, U069, U088, U102, U107, and U190).
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Regulations, 'Standards, Phthalates,
'Best technology, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Waste
water treatment, Technology utilization.
PB89-142251/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document for Organophosphorous
Wastes (Proposed).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Dec 88,54p* EPA/530/SW-89/017F
See also PB89-142269 and PB89-142244.
Also available in set of 11 volumes PC E99, PB89-
142210.
The document provides the background for EPA's
technical support for selecting and developing treat-
ment standards for the constituents to be regulated in
these organophosphorous wastes. For the K wastes,
Section 2 presents waste-specific information-the
number and location of facilities affected by the land
disposal restrictions, the waste generating process,
and the waste characterization data. Section 3 dis-
cusses the applicable and demonstrated technologies
used to treat these wastes (or similar wastes). Section
4 presents the available performance data, including
data on which the treatment standards are based.
Section 5 explains EPA's determination of BDAT,
while Section 6 discusses the selection of constituents
to be regulated, and Section 7 presents treatment
standards for these constituents. The P and U wastes
are discussed in Section 8.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Hazardous
wastes, 'Regulations, 'Standards, Organic phos-
phates, Pesticides, 'Best technology, 'Solid waste
disposal, 'Waste water treatment, 'Sludge treatment,
Parathion, Disulfoton, Phorate, Famphur, SIC 2818,
Technology utilization.
PB89-142269/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document for Inorganic Pigment
Wastes (K002, K003, K005, K006, and K007) (Pro-
posed).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Dec 88,38p* EPA/530/SW-89/017G
See also PB89-142251 and PB89-142277.
Also available in set of 11 volumes PC E99, PB89-
142210.
The document presents the background for EPA's
technical support and rationale for developing regula-
tory standards for these wastes. Sections 2 through 7
present waste-specific information for the K002, K003,
K005, K006, and K007 wastes.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Regulations,
'Standards, 'Hazardous materials, Pigments, Inorgan-
ic compounds, Chromium, 'Best technology, 'Sludge
treatment, Technology utilization.
PB89-142277/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Best Demonstrated and Available Technology
(BDAT) Background Document for F024 (Pro-
posed).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Dec 88,127p* EPA/530/SW-89/017I
See also PB89-141269 and PB89-142285.
Also available in set of 11 volumes PC E99, PB89-
142210.
The document provides the background for EPA's ra-
tionale and technical support for selecting the pro-
posed constituents to be regulated in F024 and for de-
veloping proposed treatment standards for these con-
stituents. The document also provides waste charac-
terization information that serves as a basis for deter-
mining whether variances from a treatment standard
may be warranted for a particular F024 waste that has
characteristics such that the particular waste is more
difficult to treat than the wastes that were analyzed in
developing treatment standards for F024.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Regulations, 'Standards, Dioxins, Furans,
Nickel, Chromium, Chemical industry, 'Best technolo-
gy, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Waste water treatment,
T echnology utilization.
PB89-142285/HSU	PC A05/MF AOI
Best Demonstrated and Available Technology
(BDAT) Background Document for Wastes from
the Production of Dlnitrotoluene, Toluenedlarrilne
and Toluene Dlisocyanate (K027, K111-K116.
U221, U223) (Proposed).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. DC
Office of Solid Waste.
Dec 88,82p* EPA/530/SW-89/017J
See also PB89-142277 and PB89-142301.
Also available in set of 11 volumes PC E99, PB89-
142210.
The document provides the background for EPA's ra-
tionale and technical support for the proposed treat-
ment standards for the listed wastes identified in 40
C.F.R. 261.31 as K027, K113, K114, K115, K116
U221, and U223. K027, which is generated from the
production of toluene diisocyanate (TDI), is part of the
2nd third of the scheduled listed wastes to be evaluat-
ed by the Agency for land disposal restrictions. Wastes
listed as K111, K112, K113, K114, K115, and K116
which aregenerated from the production of dinitrotolu^
ene (DNT), toluenediamine (TDA), or toluene diiso-
cyanate (TDI), are 'newly listed' (i.e., listed after the ef-
fective date of HSWA). Treatment standards for K113-
K116 are being proposed as part of this 2nd third's
rulemaking. The Agency is not proposing treatment
standards for the newly listed wastes Kill and K112
at this time. In addition, the Agency is proposing treat-
ment standards for soft-hammered 1st third U wastes,
U221 & U223. This proposed regulation also address-
es K027, K113-K116, U221, and U223 wastewaters
generated from RCRA corrective actions and CERCLA
remedial orders (as either contaminated ground or sur-
face water).
Keywords: 'industrial waste treatment, 'Regulations,
'Standards, 'Hazardous materials, Nickel, Toluene
Organic compounds, Chemical industry, 'Best tectv
noiogy, 'Waste water treatment, Land disposal. Tech-
nology utilization.
PB8B-142301/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Methodology for Developing Best Demonstrated
Available Technology (BDAT) Treatment Stand-
ards.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washinaton or
Office of Solid Waste.	'
Dec 88,63p* EPA/530/SW-89/017L
See also PB89-142285.
Also available in set of 11 volumes PC E99 Praq.
142210.	'
The document summarizes EPA's approach for Implo
menting the land disposal restrictions program. Sec-
tion 2 presents the legal authority under which the
Agency is basing its regulations. Section 3 describes
the technical methodology EPA uses to define treat-
ment standards for restricted hazardous waste. Sec-
tion 4 discusses variances from these treatment stand-
ards, and finally, Section 5 presents the Agency's ao-
proach to the special problems raised by the P andU
listed hazardous waste categories in 40 CFR 281.33,
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Regulations
'Standards, 'Hazardous materials, 'Best technotoav
'Land disposal, Technology utilization.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB80-142343/HSU	PC E9S/MF E99
B«st Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT)
Background Document Set.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Aug 86,3983p-in 18v
Set includes PB89-142350 through PB89-142533.
No abstract available.
PB89-142350/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Beat Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document for K015. Final rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L Jones, and J. R. Berlow. Aug 88,I72p* EPA/530/
SW-88/031A
See also PB89-142388.
The background document provides the Agency's ra-
tionale and technical support for selecting the constitu-
ents to be regulated in K015 waste and for developing
treatment standards for those regulated constituents.
The document also provides waste characterization in-
formation that serves as a basis for determining
whether treatment variances may be warranted. EPA
may grant a treatment variance in cases where the
Agency determines that the waste in question is more
difficult to treat than the waste upon which the treat-
ment standards have been established.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Water pollution control,
'Metals, Standards, Chromium, Nickel,
Concentratk>n(Composition), Toluene, Incineration,
Reduction(Chemi8try), Preclpitation(Chamistry),
Benzyl chloride, Anthracene, Phenanthrene, 'Best
technology, 'Land disposal, 'Volatile organic com-
pounds, Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments,
Benzofluoranthene, Fuel substitution.
PB89-142368/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Beet Demonstrated and Available Technology
/BOAT) Background Document for K016, K019,
K020, K030. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Alio 88.289p' EPA/530/SW-88/031B
See also PB89-142376.
The background document provides the Agency's ra-
tionale and technical support for selecting the constitu-
ents to be regulated In K016, K018, K019, K020, and
K030 wastes and for developing treatment standards
for those regulated constituents. The document also
provides waste characterization Information that
serves as a basis for determining whether a variance
may be warranted for a particular waste having the
same waste code as one of the five wastes above but
with characteristics such that the particular waste is
more difficult to treat than the waste for which the
treatment standards have been established.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Industrial waste
treatment, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
'Chemical industry, Standards, Carbon tetrachloride,
Chloroethanes, Chlorine organic compounds, Organic
compounds, Tables(Data), Incinerators, Air pollution
control, Gas scrubbing, 'Best technology, 'Land dls-
nosal, Ethylene/dlchloro, Ethylene/trichloro, Hazard-
Jjusand Solid Waste Amendments, SIC 2869, Ethyl-
ene/chloro.
PBM-142378/HSU	PC A23/MF A01
n«al Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document lor K048, K04S, K050,
K081, K0S2. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
jkjJoSfi, 531 p* EPA/530/SW-88/031C
See also PB89-142368.
The background document provides the Agency's ra-
tionale and technical support for selecting the oonatltu-
entato be regulated in K048, K049, K050, K051, and
K062 wastes and for developing treatment standards
for those regulated constituents. The document also
omvtdes waste characterization information that
Mrves as a basis for determining whether variances
mov be warranted for a particular waste having the
aaine waste code as one of the five wastes above but
«Zh characteristics such that the particular waste is
more difficult to treat than the waste for which the
treatment standards have been established.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal
'Water pollution control, 'Industrial waste treatment
Standards, Incinerators, Tables(Data), Emulsification
Separators, Precipitation(Chemistry), Heat exchang
ers, Tanks(Containers), Organic compounds, Arsenic
Chromium, Stabilization, Filtration, Nickel, Selenium
Cyanides, Lead(Metal), Solvent extraction, 'Best tech-
nology, 'Petroleum refineries, 'Land disposal, Sludge
treatment, Dissolved air flotation, Hazardous and Solid
Waste Amendments, SIC 2911.
PB89-142384/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Best Demonstrsted Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document for K061. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
J. R. Berlow, and J. Keenan. Aug 88.186p* EPA/530/
SW-88/031 D
See also PB89-142368.
The document provides the background for EPA's ra-
tionale and technical support for selecting the constitu-
ents to be regulated constituents. The document also
provides waste characterization and treatment infor-
mation that serves as a basis for determining whether
variances may be warranted. EPA may grant a treat-
ment variance in cases where the Agency determines
that the waste In question is more difficult to treat than
the wastes upon which the BDAT treatment standards
are based.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment. 'Hazardous
materials, 'Regulations, 'Standards, Zinc, Metal in-
dustry, 'Best technology, 'Solid waste disposal,
'Waste water treatment, Technology utilization, SIC
3312.
PB89-142392/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Beat Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT):
Background Document for K062. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
J. R. Berlow, and M. Chatmon. Aug 88,168p* EPA/
530/SW-88/031E
See also PB89-142350.
The document provides EPA's rationale and technical
support for selecting the constituents to be regulated
in K062 waste and for developing treatment standards
for those regulated constituents. The document also
provides waste characterization and treatment infor-
mation that serves as a basis for determining whether
variances may be warranted. EPA may grant a treat-
ment variance in cases where the Agency determines
that the waste in question is more difficult to treat than
the wastes upon which the BDAT treatment standards
are based.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial waste
treatment, 'Regulations, 'Standards, 'Iron and steel
industry, Lead(Metal), Nickel, Chromium, 'Best tech-
nology, 'Waste water treatment. 'Sludge treatment,
Technology utilization, SIC 331, SIC 332.
PB89-142400/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT):
Background Document for K071. Final rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
J. Keenan, and J. R. Berlow. Aug 88,213p* EPA/530/
SW-88/031 F
The document provides the background for EPA's ra-
tionale and technical support for selecting the constitu-
ent to be regulated in K071 waste and for developing
treatment standards for that regulated constituent.
The document also provides waste characterization
and treatment information that serves as a basis for
determining whether treatment variances may be war-
ranted. EPA may grant a treatment variance in cases
where the Agency has determined that the waste in
question Is more difficult to treat than the waste upon
which the treatment standards have been established.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial waste
treatment, 'Standards, 'Regulations, Mercury(Metal),
'Best technology, 'Sludge treatement, 'Waste water
treatment, Technology utilization, SIC 2812.
PB89-142418/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Beat Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document for K103 and K104. Final
rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
J. Baez-Martinez. Aug 88,334p EPA/530/SW-88/
031G
See also PB89-142350.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The document provides the agency's rationale and
technical support for selecting the constituents to be
regulated in the K103 and K104 wastes and for devel-
oping treatment standards for those regulated con-
stituents. The document also provides waste charac-
terization and treatment information that serves as a
basis for determining whether variances may be war-
ranted.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Industrial waste treat-
ment, 'Water pollution control, 'Chemical industry,
'Anilines, 'Nitrobenzenes, Regulations, Standards,
Performance evaluation, Hazardous materials,
Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition), 'Best
technology, *K103 waste, *K104 waste, SIC 2869,
Land disposal.
PB89-142426/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document for K024. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L. Jones, and J. R. Berlow. Aug 88,152p* EPA/530/
SW-88/031 H
See also PB89-142384.
The document provides the background for EPA's ra-
tionale and technical support for selecting the constitu-
ents to be regulated in K024 waste and for developing
treatment standards for those regulated constituents.
The document also provides waste characterization
and treatment information that serves as a basis for
determining whether variances may be warranted.
EPA may grant a treatment variance in cases where
the Agency determines that the waste in question is
more difficult to treat than the wastes upon which the
BDAT treatment standards are based.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Regulations, 'Standards, Phthalic acid,
'Best technology, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Waste
water treatment, 'Volatile organic compounds(VOCs),
Technology utilization.
PB89-142434/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT):
Background Document for K037. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
J. R. Berlow, and L Jones. Aug 88,139p* EPA/530/
SW-88/0311
See also PB89-142392.
The document provides EPA's rationale and technical
support for selecting the constituents to be regulated
in K037 waste and for developing treatment standards
for those regulated constituents. The document also
provides waste characterization and treatment infor-
mation that serves as a basis for determining whether
variances may be warranted. EPA may grant a treat-
ment variance in cases where the Agency determines
that the waste in question is more difficult to treat than
the wastes upon which the BDAT treatment standards
are based.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial waste
treatment, 'Regulations, 'Standards, Toluene, Insecti-
cides, 'Best technology, 'Waste water treatment,
'Sludge treatment, Disulfoton, Technology utilization.
PB89-142442/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document for K046 Nonreactlve Sub-
category. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
J. Baez-Martinez. Aug 88,141 p EPA/530/SW-88/
031J
See also PB89-142418.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
In promulgating treatment standards for K046 non-
wastewaters, the Agency has established subcategor-
ies: nonreactive and reactive. Treatment standards for
the reactive subcategory of K046 nonwastewaters will
be established at a later data. The background docu-
ment provides the Agency's rationale and technical
support for selecting me constituents to be regulated
in the K046 waste and for developing treatment stand-
ards for those regulated constituents. The document
also provides waste characterization information that
serves as the basis for determining whether variances
may be warranted for a particular waste that has the
same waste code but has waste characteristics that
make it more difficult.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Sludge disposal,
'Industrial waste treatment, 'Munitions industry,
'Water pollution control, Explosives, Regulations,
Standards, Performance evaluation, Hazardous mate-
rials, Tables(Data), "Lead compounds, 'Best technol-
ogy, *K046 waste, SIC 2892, Land disposal.
PB89-142459/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Beat Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT)
Background Document for K101 and K102: Low
Arsenic Subcategory. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
J. Baez-Martinez. Aug 88,387p EPA/530/SW-88/
031K
See also PB89-142442.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
In promulgating treatment standards for K101 and
K102 nonwastewaters, the Agency established two
subcategories: low arsenic ana high arsenic. The Low
Arsenic Subcategory is defined as those K101 and
K102 wastes that contain less than 1% total arsenic.
The High Arsenic Subcategory is defined as those
K101 and K102 wastes that contain greater than or
equal to 1% total arsenic. The document provides the
Agency's rationale and technical support for selecting
the constituents to be regulated in the K101 and K102
wastes and for developing treatment standards for
those regulated constituents.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Industrial waste treat-
ment, Water pollution control, 'Arsenic, Veterinary
medicine, Drugs, Regulations, Standards, Perform-
ance evaluation, Hazardous materials, Tables(Data),
Waste water, Concentration(Composition), 'Bast tech-
nology, 'Arsenic compounds, 'K101 waste, *K102
waste, Heavy metals, SIC 2834, Land disposal.
PB89-142467/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT)
Background Document for F006. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
J. Keenan, and J. R. Berlow. Aug 88,151p* EPA-530/
SW-88/03fL
The background document provides the Agency's ra-
tionale and technical support for selecting the constitu-
ents to be regulated in F006 waste and for developing
treatment standards for those regulated constituents.
The document also provides waste characterization
and treatment information that serves as a basis for
determining whether variances may be warranted.
EPA may grant a treatment variance in cases where
the Agency determines that the waste in question is
more difficult to treat than the waste upon which the
BDAT treatment standards are based.
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Waste treatment, 'Water pollu-
tion control, Electroplating, Plating, Anodizing, Sludge
disposal, Standards, Hazardous materials,
Tables(Data), Chemical etching, Metal cleaning, Per-
formance evaluation, 'Best technology, 'Land dispos-
al, Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments, SIC
3000.
PB89-142475/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Beat Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT)
Background Document for K087. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
j Labiosa, and J. R. Berlow. Aug 88,269p EPA/530/
SW-88/031M
The document provides the background for EPA's ra-
tionale and technical support for selecting the constitu-
ents to be regulated in K087 waste and for developing
treatment standards for those regulated constituents.
The document also provides waste characterization in-
formation that serves as a basis for determining
whether treatment variances may be warranted. EPA
may grant a treatment variance in cases where the
Agency determines that the waste in question is more
difficult to treat than the waste upon which the treat-
ment standards have been determined.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Sludge disposal, 'Standards, 'Regula-
tions, Lead(Metai), Benzene, Toluene, Xylenes, Acen-
aphthylenes, Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, Pyrenes,
Coking, 'Best technology, Technology utilization,
Chrysene, Fluoranthene, SIC 3312.
PB89-142483/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document for K086 Solvent Wash
(Non CBI Version). Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
J. R. Berlow, and J. Labiosa. Aug 88,247p EPA/530/
SW-88/031N
See also PB89-142475.
Also available in set of 18 reports PC E99 PB89-
142343.
The background document provides the Agency's ra-
tionale and technical support for selecting the constitu-
ents to be regulated in K086 solvent wash waste and
for developing treatment standards for those regulated
constituents. The document also provides waste char-
acterization information that serves as a basis for de-
termining whether treatment variances may be war-
ranted. EPA may grant a treatment variance in cases
where the Agency determines that the waste in ques-
tion is more difficult to treat than the waste upon which
the treatment standards have been established.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
Solid waste disposal, Standards, Regulations, Organic
compounds, Vaporizing, Selection, variances, Indus-
tries, Acceptability, Waste water, Incineration, Metals,
Recovery, Filtration, Earth fills, 'Solvent wash waste,
'Best available technology, Environmental Protection
Agency, Petitions, Nonwaste water.
PB89-142491/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document for K001. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
J. R. Berlow, and L. Jones. Aug 88,257p* EPA/530/
SW-88/031O
See also PB89-142426.
The document provides the background for EPA's ra-
tionale and technical support for selecting the constitu-
ents to be regulated in K001 waste and for developing
treatment standards for those regulated constituents.
The document also provides waste characterization
and treatment information that serves as a basis for
determining whether variances may be warranted.
EPA may grant a treatment variance in cases where
the Agency determines that the waste in question is
more difficult to treat than the wastes upon which the
BDAT treatment standards are based.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Regulations, 'Standards, Toluene, Xy-
lenes, Napthalene, Phenols, Phenanthrene, Fyrenes,
Lead(Metal), 'Best technology, 'Solid waste disposal,
'Waste water treatment, Technology utilization.
PB89-142S17/H3U	PC A09/MF AQ1
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document for K022 (Non CBI Ver-
sion). Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
J. R. Berlow, and J. Labiosa. Aug 88,192p* EPA/530/
SW-88/031Q
See also PB89-142491.
The document provides the background for EPA's ra-
tionale and technical support for selecting the constitu-
ents to be regulated in nonwastewater forms of K022
waste and for developing treatment standards for
those regulated constituents. The document also pro-
vides waste characterization and treatment informa-
tion that serves as a basis for determining whether
treatment variances may be warranted. EPA may grant
a treatment variance in cases where the Agency deter-
mines that the waste in question is more difficult to
treat than the wastes upon which the treatment stand-
ards have been established.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Regulations, 'Standards, Toluene, Aceto-
phenones, Diphenylamine, Phenols, Chromium,
Nickel, 'Best technology, 'Solid waste disposal,
'Waste water treatment. Technology utilization.
PB89-142525/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Amendment to the Best Demonstrated Available
Technology (BDAT) Background Document for
F001-F005 Spent Solvents, volumes 1 and 2.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Aug 88,45p* EPA/530/SW-88/031R
See also PB87-120267 and PB87-120275.
The amendment to the Best Demonstrated and Avail-
able Technology (BDAT) Background Document for
F001-F005 Spent Solvents presents the new data re-
ceived by EPA and provides EPA's rationale for revis-
ing the treatment standard for methylene chloride in
F001-F005 wastewaters from the pharmaceuticals
manufacturing industry. Section 1.0 provides EPA's
legal authority for revision of the treatment standard.
Sections 2.0 through 4.0 describe the specific revi-
sions to the November 7, 1986 BDAT Background
Document for F001-F005 Spent Solvents.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Industrial waste
treatment, 'Drug industry, 'Chloromethanes, 'Waste
disposal, 'Hazardous materials, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Standards, Organic solvents, 'Best technolo-
gy, 'Methane/chloro, 'Land disposal, Biological in-
dustrial waste treatment. Hazardous and Solid Waste
Amendments, Steam stripping.
PB89-142533/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document for K099 (Non CBI Ver-
sion). Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
J. R. Berlow, and J. Vorbach. Aug 88,110p EPA/530/
SW-88/031S
See also PB89-142350.
The background document provides the Agency's ra-
tionale and technical support tor selecting the constitu-
ents to be regulated in K099 waste and for developing
treatment standards for those regulated constituents.
The document also provides waste characterization in-
formation that serves as a basis for determining
whether treatment variances may be warranted.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Water pollution control,
Solid waste disposal, Waste water, Standards, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Reduction(Chemfstry),
Precipitation(Chemlstry), 'Best technology, 'Land dis-
posal, Hazardous and solid waste amendments.
PB89-142840/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Regulation: Its Impact on Infra-
structure Decision Making,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research Div.
J. A. Goodrich, and F. T. Mayo. Jan 89,9p EPA/600/
D-88/276
The enactment of laws and regulations related to
drinking-water quality, surface water discharge limita-
tions, and wastewater treatment goals has required
utilities to maintain, upgrade, or even replace their re-
spective underground services. With Federal aid pro-
grams to support infrastructure financing reduced or
eliminated, utilities are finding it necessary to seek
other sources of funds or pass costs on to the con-
sumer. The paper reviews how USEPA's regulations
have affected and will affect infrastructure issues.
Keywords:	'National	government
*Law(Jurisprudence), 'Water pollution, Public utilities,
Sewage trestment. Upgrading, Regulations, Economic
impact, Financing, Local government, Consumers.
State government. Cost analysis, 'Drinking water.
PB89-142657/H8U	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OB.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Robust Bayee Models of Fish Response to Lake
Acidification. Symposium paper,
Duke Univ., Durham, NC. School of Forestry and Envi-
ronmental Studies.
K. H. Reckhow. Jan 89,16p EPA/600/D-88/277
Grant EPA-R-811837
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
A large historical data set from the Adirondack region
of the United States was created to study the relation-
ship between water chemistry variables associated
with acid precipitation and the presence/absence of
selected fish species. From these data, logistic func-
tion models for presence/absence were fitted for
brook trout and lake trout, using maximum likelihood
and robust Bayes methods. The robust Bayes proce-
dure used herein is a compromise estimator between
Bayes and empirical Bayes, with the final expression
based on classical risk function criteria. A cross-valida-
tion study will be used to aid in selection of a preferred
model for policy analysis.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Lakes, 'Fishes, Aquatic
biology. Acidification, Mathematical models, Predic-
tions, Water quality, Water analysis, Adirondack Moun-
tains, Environmental surveys, 'Acid precipitation,
'Acid deposition, Risk assessment, Path of pollutants.
PB89-142665/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
OH Spill Research and Development Needs for the
IMO'a. Symposium paper,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
J. S. Farlow, and J. M. Cunningham. Jan 89,18p EPA/
600/0-88/278
In the 1970s and the early 1980s the emphasis of Fed-
erally-sponsored oil spill research was on mechanical
spill control devices and removal methods such as
booms, skimmers, and sorbents, with later efforts also
focused on dispersing agents. The preponderance of
the work was directed toward oil spills in open ocean
and coastal areas. Private research programs and field
experience also contributed to the extensive knowl-
edge-base capabilities and limitations of mechanical
and chemical oil spill control and cleanup methods. In
fiscal 1988, research and development in prevention
and cleanup of oil spills was suspended by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in favor of
other high priority topics. However, recent events have
shown that further research is needed on preventing
and cleanup methods, especially for inland spills. Fur-
thermore, innovations developed since the early
1980s have yet to be evaluated in a controlled setting,
even in the open sea. The paper presents topics for an
oH spill research and development agenda through the
beginning of the 1990s that will help to fill those voids
Intne areas of spill prevention and response.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, Oceans, Surface
waters. Control equipment, Booms(Equipment), Sor-
bents, Cleaning, Skimmers, Dispersing, Rivers,
lniets(Waterways), Research projects, 'Oil spills, 'Oil
pollution removal, Contingency planning, Remedial ac-
PB49-142673/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Evaluation of the Accuracy of Volumetric Leak
Detection Methods for underground Storage
Tanks Containing Gasoline,
VMa Research. Inc.. Mountain View, CA.
j W Maresca, J. W. Starr, R. D. Roach, and J. S.
Fe/taW. Jan 89,26p EPA/600/D-88/279
Contract EPA-68-03-3409
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The report summarizes the results of EPA's research
MMorani to evaluate the current performance Of 25
commercially available volumetric test methods for the
dftteiion of small leaks in underground gasoline stor-
moa tanks. The leak rate measurable by these systems
Sued from 0.26 to 6.78 L/h (0.97 to 1.79 gal/h) with
• oiobability of detection at 95% and probability of
tafaM alarm of 5%. Five of the methods achieved a per-
fgmance that was better than 0.57 L/h (0.15 gal/h).
Thl measured performance was considerably poorer
Art the often claimed 0.19 L/h (0.05 gal/h). The per-
Snance of the methods evaluated here was limited
b? currant protocol and practice rather than by hard-
ly* Such limitations can be overcome by rather
modest modifications to testing practice rather than by
major system redesign.
Keywords: 'Underground storage, 'Gasoline. 'Stor-
age tanks, 'Leakage flux, Accuracy, Tests, Statistical
analysis, Mathematical models, Predictions, Ground
water, Water pollution abatement. Path of pollutants.
PB89-142681/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Status of the Superfund Innovative Technology
Evaluation (SITE) Program. Symposium paper,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
R. D. Hill, Jan 89,16p EPA/600/D-88/272
See also PB87-181939.
In 1986, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's
(USEPA's) Offices of Solid Waste and Emergency Re-
sponse, and Research and Development established
a technology research, demonstration, and evaluation
program to promote the development and use of inno-
vative technologies. Called the Superfund Innovative
Technology Evaluation, or SITE program, the program
will help provide the treatment technologies necessary
to implement new cleanup standards that require a
greater reliance on permanent remedies at Superfund
sites. The SITE program, directed by the Risk Reduc-
tion Engineering Laboratory, has been focused along
three lines: (1) a full-scale demonstration program; (2)
an emerging technologies development program; and
(3) innovative technologies development within the
USEPA. As of August 1988,29 technologies are in the
Demonstration Program. The Emerging Technologies
Program was initiated in 1987. In July 1988, the first
seven technologies were accepted into the program.
The Innovative Technologies Program is an outgrowth
of technologies that have been primarily developed
through the USEPA's lead. The portion of the SITE
program fosters the further development of USEPA
technologies by firms that are willing to commercialize
these technologies for use at Superfund sites.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Hazardous materials,
'Pollution control, Liquids, Solid waste disposal, Re-
search management, Evaluation, Government poli-
cies, Combustion, Pyrolysis, Combustion chambers.
Solvent extraction, Ozonization, Filtration, Ion ex-
changers, Stabilization, Solidification, Washing, Ad-
sorption, 'Environmental Protection Agency, "Super-
fund, Biodeterioration, Bioreactors.
PB89-142699/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Acute Toxicity, Sublethal Effects and Bloconcen-
tratlon of Chlorlnatlon Products, Viruses, and
Bacteria In Edible Shellfish: A Review,
South Carolina Univ., Columbia. Dept. of Environmen-
tal Health Sciences.
G. I. Scott, W. P. Davis, J. M. Marcus, T. G. Ballous,
and J. A. Dahlin. Jan 89,54p* EPA/6O0/D-88/280
Grant EPA-R-813138
Prepared in cooperation with Research Planning Inst.,
Inc., Columbia, SC. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
The report identifies, synthesizes, and summarizes
published scientific data concerning toxicity, sublethal
physiological effects, and uptake/depuration rates of
chlorine, viruses, and bacteria in edible marine shell-
fish of the United States. The summary may provide
environmental managers with information related to
coastal zone Issues, such as point-source pollution
permits, hazardous materials, material spills, and non-
point-source runoff regulations.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Viruses, 'Bacteria, 'Chlorina-
tors, 'Shellfish, Food contamination, Marine biology.
Public health, Hazardous materials, Tables(Data), En-
vironmental surveys, Reviews, Coasts, 'Biological ac-
cumulation, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), Envi-
ronmental exposure, Toxic substances, Pollution con-
trol. Pollution sources.
PB89-142707	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Oxidative 4-Oechlortnatlon of PolycMorlnated
Phenoie Is Catalyzed by Extracellular Fungal
Ugnln Peroxidases (Journal Version). Journal arti-
C|q
State Univ. of New York at Syracuse. Coil, of Environ-
mental Science and Forestry.
K. E. Hammel, and P. J. Tardone. C1988,7p EPA/600/
J-88/268
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
Pub. in Biochemistry, v27 p6563-65681988.
The extracellular lignin peroxidases (llgninases) of
Phanerochaete chrysosporium catalyzed H202-de-
pendent spectral changes in several environmentally
significant polychlorinated phenols: 2,4-dichloro-
,2,4,5-trichloro-, and pentachlorophenol. Gas chroma-
tography/mass spectrometry showed that lignin per-
oxidase catalyzed a 4-dechlorination of the starting
phenol to yield a p-benzoquinone. The oxidation of
2,4-dichlorophenol also yielded a dechlorinated cou-
pling dimer, tentatively identified as 2-chloro-6-(2,4-
dicnlorophenoxyl)-p-benzoquinone. Experiments on
the stoichiometry of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol oxidation
showed that this substrate was quantitatively dechlor-
inated to give the quinone and inorganic chloride.
H2(sup 18)0-labeling experiments on 2,4,6-trichloro-
phenol oxidation demonstrated that water was the
source of the new 4-oxo substituent in 2,6-dichloro-p-
benzoquinone. Results indicate a mechanism whereby
lignin peroxidase oxidizes a 4-chlorinated phenol to an
eTectrophilic intermediate, perhaps the 4-chlorocyclo-
hexadienone cation. Nucleophllic attack by water and
elimination of HCI then ensue at the 4-position, which
produces the quinone. It appears that these peroxi-
dases could also catalyze the initial dechlorination of
certain polychlorinated phenols in vivo. (Copyright (c)
1988 American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Aromatic polycyclic hydro-
carbons, 'Phenols, 'Lignin, 'Peroxidases, 'Biocfeter-
ioration, Contaminants, Basldiomycetes, Fungi, Oxida-
tion, Dechlorination, Catalysts, Reprints, Air purifica-
tion, Phanerochaete chrysosporium.
PB89-142715	Not available NTIS
National Science Foundation, Washington, DC.
Root-Mycocosm for Growing Ectomycorrhlzal
Hyphae Apart from Host Roots while Maintaining
Symbiotic Integrity (Journal Version). Journal arti-
cle,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
P. T. Rygiewicz, S. L. Miller, and D. M. Durall. C1988,
Sp EPA/600/J-88/233
Grants NSF-BSR85-05975. NSF-BSR83-06181
Pub. in Plant and Soil, v109 p281-284 1988. Prepared
in cooperation with Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.
Dept of Forest Science. Sponsored by National Sci-
ence Foundation, Washington, DC., and Pacific North-
west Forest and Range Experiment Station, Corvallis,
OR. Forestry Sciences Lab.
A culture system is described to grow mycorrhizal
plants which allows experimental measurements to be
made on mycorrhizae, and a portion of intact ectomy-
corrhlzal fungi while in symbiosis, but growing apart
from the rooting medium and host roots. A portion of
the extramatrical hyphae is kept apart from the rooting
medium by a restrictive passageway between the root
and fungal chambers. Fungal nyphae grow out of the
root chamber onto pre-weighteo glass fiber filter, paper
for gravimetric estimation of the hyphal mass in the
fungal chamber. The pieces of the modular Root-My-
cocosm can be assembled in various configurations.
Ponderosa pine (pinus ponderosa Laws.) seedlings
were inoculated with Hebeloma crustuliniforme Quel in
either commercial-vermicullte inoculum or in plastic
growth-pouches and grown in the Root-Mycocosm.
Hyphae were allowed to grow into the fungal cham-
bers and after four weeks, amounted to 5.5 + or-0.81
SE and 6.4 + or -1.5 SE mg for pouch and commer-
cial inoculum techniques, respectively. (Copyright
1988 Kluwer Academic Publishers.)
Keywords: 'Fungi, *Cultures(Biology), Gravimetric
analysis, Plants(Botany), Plant growth, Reprints, *My-
corrhizas, Roots.
PB89-142723/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Atmospheric Wet Sulphate Deposition and
Lakewater Chemistry (Journal Version). Journal ar-
ticle,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
T. J. Sullivan, J. M. Eilers, M. R. Church, D.J. Blick, and
K. N. Eshleman. Feb 88,6p EPA/600/ J-88/235
Pub. in Nature, v331 n6157 p607-609,18 Feb 88.
Atmospheric sulphur deposition and its impacts on sur-
face-water chemistry and biota have been extensively
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
studied in several areas of the United States and else-
where during the past two decades. In the absence of
regionally based statistical (probability) sampling, how-
ever, it has not been possible to extrapolate the results
from intensive small-scale studies to a regional popu-
lation. The authors present data from the first regional
probability sampling of lakes in the United States, indi-
cating that median Take sulphate concentrations corre-
late highly with estimated wet sulphate deposition at
lake sites. The data further suggest that acid deposi-
tion has depleted acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC) in
low-base-cation lakes, and that some high-base-cation
lakes receive substantial sulphate from internal water-
shed sources.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Acidification, 'Lakes,
'United States, Regional planning, Sampling,
Concentration(Composition), Statistical tests, Sul-
fates, Comparison, Water analysis, Acidity, Reprints.
PB89-142731	Not available NTIS
Flow Cytometric Analysis of the Cellular Toxicity
of Tributyltin (Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. M. Zucker, K. H. Elstein, R. E. Easterling, and E. J.
Massaro. C1988,19p EPA/600/J-88/236
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc./
Environmental Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in Toxicology Letters, v43 p201-2181988.
Flow cytometric and light/fluorescence microscopic
analyses indicate that tributyltin (TBT) alters the
plasma membrane/cytoplasm complex of the murine
erythroleukemic cell (MELC) in a dose-dependent and
time-dependent manner. The flow cytometric parame-
ter axial light loss, a measure of cell volume, de-
creases in cells exposed to S microMTBT relative to
control cells or cells exposed to 50 microMTBT. The
flow cytometric parameter degrees light scatter, a
function of refractive index and a measure of protein
content, increases as a function of TBT concentration
above 0.5 microM. Following exposure to TBT concen-
trations greater than 0.5 microM, but less than 50
microM, DNA distribution across the cell cycle cannot
be resolved adequately by flow cytometry. Also, the
cells become resistant to solubilization of the cell
membrane/cytoplasm complex by nonionic deter-
ments. Relative to logarithmically growing cells, MELC
in the stationary phase of the growth cycle and butyic
acid-differentiated cells exhibit decreased plasma
membrane permeability resulting in increased carboxy-
fluorescein (CF) retention derived from the intracellular
hydrolysis of carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA).
Keywords: "Flow measurement, Organometallic com-
pounds, Rats, Mice, Blood diseases, Toxicity, Fluores-
cence, Light scattering, Reprints, 'Tributyltin, 'Cytolo-
glcal techniques, 'Erythrocyte membrane, 'Erythro-
leukemia, Cell membrane permeability, Dose-re-
sponse relationships.
^B8tl42749/HSU	pc A02/MF A01
Contribution of Woodsmoke and Motor Vehicle
Emissions to Ambient Aerosol Mutagenicity
fJouMWmtartt. Journal article,
™*™i' Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
r arK,
C. W. Lewis, R. E. Baumgardner, R. K. Stevens, L. D.
Qaxton, and J. Lewtas. Aug 88,7p EPA/600/J-88/
Pub.Jn Environmental Science and Technology, v22
n8 P968-971 Aug 88.
Mutagenicity is frequently considered as a screening
test for the carcinogenicity of compounds to which
humans are exposed. Past estimates of the mutage-
nicity of ambient aerosol have depended on measure-
ments of the mutagenic potency (refertants/microg) of
the extractable organic matter (EOM) in Salmonella ty-
phimurium from specific source emissions and their
mass emission rate. This source-oriented approach re-
quires an explicit model for the dispersion and possible
transformation of the mutagens in the atmosphere.
However, a receptor-oriented approach, demonstrated
here, requires only ambient measurements of mutage-
nicity and of trace elements that are markers for the
suspected sources of the mutagens. During winter at a
residential site, woodsmoke and motor vehicle emis-
sions were found to make nearly equal contributions to
the average mutagenic concentration (refertants/cu
m) of the fine particle ambient aerosol. Mutagenic po-
tency of the fine particle EOM traced to motor vehi-
cles, however, was three times greater than that with a
woodsmoke origin. The results are consistent with the
known potency of these sources, from source meas-
urements.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, 'Exhaust emissions, 'Motor ve-
hicles, 'Wood, 'Mutagens, Residential buildings,
Bioassays, Carcinogens, Fines, Sources,
Concentration(Composition), Trace elements, Sam-
pling, Air pollution, Reprints, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans).
PB89-142756	Not available NTIS
Army Medical Research and Development Command,
Washington, DC.
Mutagenic Screening of Marker Grenade Dyes by
the 'Salmonella' Reversion Assay, L5178Y/TK(+)/
(-)Mouse Lymphoma Assay, and In vivo Sister
Chromatid Exchange Analysis In Mice (Journal
Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
M. M. Moore, J. W. Allen, L. Claxton, C. Doerr, and C.
Qwaltney. C1988,10p EPA/600/ J-88/238
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Health
Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park,
NC., and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Re-
search Inst., Albuquerque, NM. Inhalation Toxicology
Research Inst. Sponsored by Army Medical Research
and Development Command, Washington, DC.
Pub. in Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis,
v12p219-233 1 988.
Two dyes (C.I. Solvent Yellow No. 33, and a C.I. Sol-
vent Yellow No. 33-C.I. Solvent Green No. 3 mixture)
were tested for mutagenicity and for sister chromatid
exchange (SCE) in vivo in mice. Purified yellow dye
was tested with and without exogenous activation in
the Salmonella reversion assay and the mouse lym-
phoma assay. Neither C.I. Solvent Yellow No. 33 nor
the C.I. Solvent Yellow No. 33-C.I. Solvent Green No. 3
mixture was positive for inducing in vivo SCE. All three
dyes were tested in the standard plate incorporation
test in seven strains. The dyes were negative with and
without exogenous activation in strains TA98, TA1535,
and TA1538. One test with TA1537 was positive using
the yellow dye. All three dyes gave weakly positive re-
sults with S-9 in TA100 and were clearly positive in
TA102 and TA104 both with and without S-9. They in-
duced mutation at the thymidine kinase locus in mouse
lymphoma cells, produced both large- and small-
colony trifluorothymidine-resistant mutants, and were
clastogenic. The purified yellow dye was capable of in-
ducing a slight positive SCE response in mouse lym-
phoma cells only in the presence of S-9.
Keywords: 'Dyes, 'Dye markers, 'Grenades, 'Toxici-
ty, 'Chromosome abnormalities, 'Bioassay, 'Muta-
gens, Mice, Lymphomas, Thymidines, Phosphotrans-
ferases, Salmonella, In vivo, Chemical marking agents,
Anthraquinones, Indanthrenes, Cultures(Biology), Re-
prints, Colony-forming units assay, Occupational
safety and health, Sister chromatid exchanges.
PB89-142814/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1987.
Volume 7. Southern Illinois Region. Annual rept.,
Greater Egypt Regional Planning and Development
Commission, Carbondale, IL.
D. B. Muir. Sep 88,138p IEPA/WPC-88/016G
See also PB88-209044. Sponsored by Illinois State
Environmental Protection Agency, Springfield. Div. of
Water Pollution Control.
The report is Vol. VII of a series of seven reports sum-
marizing Illinois' 1987 Volunteer Lake Monitoring Pro-
gram. It provides a program overview, a summary of
1987 VLMP lakes in Southern Illinois, including a dis-
cussion of lake characteristics, volunteer participation,
and a ranking of lakes on a regional basis. Southern Il-
linois results are compared to statewide statistics.
Lake assessment information from the Illinois Water
Quality Report 1986-1987 for Southern VLMP lakes is
provided and discussed. Lake/watershed manage-
ment strategies are described. Twenty-one volunteers
recorded total depth, Secchi disc transparency, and
field observations for 18 lakes in Southern Illinois be-
tween May and October, 1987. Three of the lakes
were classified as mesotrophic, and the remainder, eu-
trophic, based on average Secchi disc transparency.
Keywords: 'Lakes, 'Water pollution, 'Illinois, Monitor-
ing, Citizen participation, Transparence, Nutrients, Tur-
bidity, Classifications, Suspended sediments. Trophic
level.
PB89-143267/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Contaminant Transport from Elliot and Com-
mencement Bays. Final Report,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Se-
attle, WA. Pacific Marine Environmental Lab.
H. C. Curl, E. T. Baker, T. S. Bates, G. A. Cannon, and
R. A. Feely. Aug 87,280pCONTRIB-903, EPA/910/9-
87/177
See also PB88-219456. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Seattle, WA. Region X.
Major sources of contamination to Puget Sound are
concentrated in the urban embayments. Most of these
contaminants are particulates or adhere to particles. If
these particulates are dense, they tend to fall out of
the water column near the source; thus analysis of the
sediment within urban embayments can provide an in-
dication of the level of contamination, and by proximity,
of the probable source of that contamination. During
spring and summer 1985, and again in January 1986.
the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL)
of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra-
tion (NOAA) made a series of observations designed
to determine to what degree contaminants in Elliott
and Commencement Bays could leave the bays and
enter the main basin of Puget Sound. The approach
employed in the study was to map the distribution of
water properties (salinity, suspended particulate
matter or SPM, and toxic trace metals ana organics)
during a period of high river runoff and during com-
bined sewer overflow events after heavy rainfall. Cur-
rent meters and sediment traps were employed, pro-
viding a continuous record of salinity, temperature, cur-
rent speed and direction which allows a calculation of
horizontal transport.
Keywords: 'Elliott Bay, 'Commencement Bay, 'Water
pollution, Transport properties, Tables(Data), Sedi-
ments, Meteorology, Physical oceanography, Urban
areas, Metals, Organic compounds. Trace elements,
•Puget Sound Estuary Program, 'Environmental trans-
port, Region 10.
PB89-143275/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Pesticide* of Concern In the Puget Sound Basin:
A Review of Contemporary Pesticide Usage. Final
rept.
Tetra Tech, Inc., Bellevue, WA.
Sep 88,226p* TETRAT-TC-3338-32, EPA/910/9-88/
231
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seat-
tle, WA. Region X.
The Puget Sound Basin is a demographically complex
region that supports a diversity of economic activities.
A diverse group of opportunistic organisms is also as-
sociated with the development of the ba3in and are
often controlled or eradicated with pesticides These
diverse chemicals exhibit a wide range of effects on
the environment and many are toxic to organisms
other than the intended targets. Pesticides that have
the potential to migrate to the waters of Puget Sound
or rivers within the basin are of major concern for their
potential to cause harm to aquatic organisms The
report addresses the amount and distribution of con-
temporary pesticides used in the basin and then as-
sesses the potential for these pesticides to migrate to
the aquatic environment and Induce toxic effects on
aquatic organisms. This task is accomplished by defin-
ing pesticide uses, locating sources of available intor-
matlon, and surveying these sources to determine
quantities used on a country-wide basis. Collated infor-
mation characterizes the environmental fate and toidc-
ity of pesticides. A tiered scoring method is used to
rank pesticides and to determine the level of concam
for individual pesticides.
Keywords: 'Puget Sound Basin, 'Pesticides, 'Water
pollution, Reviews, Toxicity, SamoUnn
Concentratton(Composition), Urban areas, a-tii»ii
ments, TablasjData), Sources, Utilization, 'Water Dfi.
lutlon effects(Animals), 'Water pollution sampling.
vironmental fate.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB8S-143291/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
National Toxicology Program: Review of Currant
DHHS (Department of Health and Human Serv-
ice*) DOE (Department of Energy) and EPA (Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency) Research Related
to Toxicology, Fiscal Year 1988. Annual rept.
National Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park,
NC.
Jun 88,382p NTP-88-201
See also report for Fiscal Year 1987, PB88-131750.
The publication lists chemicals being studied by vari-
ous DHHS agencies, the Department of Energy, and
the Environmental Protection Agency, and describes
toxicology research and toxicology methods currently
being developed by these agencies for FY 1988. The
NTP coordinates selected toxicology activities of the
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences,
National Institutes of Health; the National Center for
Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administra-
tion; and the National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health, Centers for Disease Control.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Research protects, Organic
compounds, Public health, Research management,
Tests, National government. Inorganic compounds,
Carcinogens, Drugs, Food contamination,
Tables(Data), Disease vectors, National Toxicology
Program, Occupational safety and health.
PBM-143317/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1987.
Volume 2. Northwestern Illinois Region. Annual
rept.,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
J. Hawes, J. W. Hammel, and N. W. Thomas. Sep 88,
91 p IEPA/WPC/88-016B
See also PB88-209044.
The report is Vol. II of a series of 7 reports summariz-
ing Illinois EPA's 1987 Volunteer Lake Monitoring Pro-
gram (VLMP). It provides a program overview, summa-
ry of 1987 VLMP lakes in Northwestern Illinois, includ-
ing a discussion of lake characteristics, volunteer par-
ticipation, and a ranking of lakes on a regional basis.
Northwestern Illinois results are compared to state-
wide statistics, and lake assessment information from
the Illinois Water Quality Report 1988-1987 for North-
western VLMP lakes is provided and briefly discussed.
Lake/watershed management strategies are de-
scribed. Eighteen volunteers recorded total depth,
Secchi disc transparency, and field observations for 18
lakes in Northwestern Illinois between May and Octo-
ber, 1987. Included were 17 dammed-stream im-
poundments and 1 excavated lake. Average transpar-
encies ranged from 7-128 inches. Fifty percent of the
lakes exhibited average transparencies greater than 4
feet, 44 percent between 2 and 4 feet, and only one
lake less than 2 feet. Two lakes were classified as me-
eotrophic, and the remainder, eutrophic, based on av-
erage Secchi disc transparency.
Keywords: 'Illinois, 'Lakes, 'Water pollution, Monitor-
ing, Citizen participation, Transparence, Nutrients, Tur-
bidity, Classification, Suspended sediments, Trophic
level.
PB89-143390/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Municipal Wastewater Conveyance and Treat-
ment: Technological Progress and Emerging
Issuee 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Municipal Pollution Control.
Sep 88, 76p
See also PB87-230165.
The report provides an overview of technological
progress ana emerging issues in the conveyance and
treatment of municipal wastewater. It is a successor to
EPA's annual 'Innovative and Alternative Technology
Progress Reports'. The three ma|or topics covered in
the report are: toxics, conveyance and treatment tech-
nology, and operation and maintenance.
Keywords: 'Sewers, 'Sewage treatment, 'Municipali-
ties, 'Water pollution control. Water distribution, Distri-
bution systems, Toxicity, Research protects, Corro-
sion Water pipelines, Maintenance, Comparison, Nitri-
fication, Secondary treatment, Pre-treatment(Water),
Point sources, Land application, Wetlands.
PB89-143689/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Thermoregulatory Responses of the Rabbit to
Subcutaneous Injection to Sulfolane (Journal Ver-
sion). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Neurotoxicology Div.
F. S. Mohler, and C. J. Gordon. 1988,7p EPA/600/J-
86/266
Pub. in Archives of Toxicology, v62 p216-219 1988.
The study was designed to determine the thermoregu-
latory effects of sulfolane on the central nervous
system (CNS) of the rabbit. POAH temperature (T sub
POAH), ear temperature (T sub e), and metabolic rate
(MR) were recorded at an ambient temperature (T sub
a) of 15 C. No changes were observed in any of the
thermoregulatory indices following injections of saline
or sulfolane and intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection
of saline. ICV sulfolane caused T sub POAH to rise
0.23 to 0.56 C. This hyperthermia was significant at a
dosage of 3000 micrograms. Microinjection of 10,000
micrograms sulfolane ICV caused a slight decrease in
T sub POAH for 30 min followed by an increase to
+0.54 C at 120 min after injection. The hypothermia
was accompanied by an increase in T sub e which re-
turned to baseline values as the sulfolane-induced hy-
perthermia began. MR was not affected by sulfolane
exposure. The data suggest that the previously ob-
served thermoregulatory effects of sulfolane following
systemic exposure cannot be attributed to a direct
action of the compound on the CNS.
Keywords: 'Thermoregulation, 'Hypothermia, "Sol-
vents, 'Toxicity, Tables(Data), Hazardous materials,
Rabbits, Body temperature, Exposure, Metabolism,
Central nervous system, Reprints, 'Sulfolane, 'Toxic
substances, Dose-response relationships, Polycyclic
sulfur heterocycles, Occupational safety and health.
PB89-143697/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Possible Antiestrogenic Activity of Lindane In
Female Rats (Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. W. Chadwick, R. L. Cooper, J. Chang, G. L.
Rehnberg, and W. K. McElroy. C1988,14p EPA/600/
J-88/265
Pub. in Jnl. of Biochemical Toxicology. v3 pi 47-158
1988. Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina
Univ. at Chapel Hill.
During chronic treatment of weanling female rats with
daily injections (0.069 mmol/kg of gamma-hexachloro-
cyclohexane (lindane, gamma-HCH), the treatment in-
duced a significant 20% increase in body weight after
110 days. Further investigation with 0,5,10,20 and 40
mg/kg lindane confirmed a significant increase in aver-
age body weight gain at the two highest doses after 10
weeks of treatment Significantly greater food con-
sumption was observed and the Lee Index indicated
that lindane treatment induced obesity. In addition to
obesity, lindane caused a delay in vaginal opening, dis-
rupted estrous cycling, reduced pituitary and uterine
weight and elevated food consumption during proes-
trus. These responses suggest that by inducing alter-
ations in the reproductive function of the female rate
and by interfering with hormonal regulation of energy
balance, lindane may be antiestrogenic rather than es-
trogenic as previously proposed. (Copyright (c) 1988
VCH Publishers, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Chlorobenzenes, 'Obesity, 'Hormone an-
tagonists, Tables(Data), Rats, Toxicity, Food con-
sumption, Reproduction(Biology), Females, Body
weight, Reprints, 'Estrogen antagonists, 'Lindane,
Reproductive disorders.
PB89-143705/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Comparison of In vivo and In vitro Methods for
Assessing the Effects of Repeated Dosing with
Carbon Tetrachloride on the Hepatic Drug-Metab-
olizing Enzyme System (Journal Version). Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. W. Chadwick, M. F. Copeland, G. P. Carlson, B. A.
Trela, and B. M. Most. C1988,15p EPA/600/J-88/264
Pub. in Toxicology Letters, v44 p201-213 1988. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN.
Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Northrop
Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The effect of a single i.p. Injection of 0, 20, 200, and
1000 microliters/kg carbon tetrachloride on the activity
of the hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme system was
measured in the rat by a model substrate assay, em-
ploying lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane), and
by a battery of in vitro enzyme assays. The data in the
study indicated that carbon tetrachloride had a tripha-
sic influence on the phase I reactions with the lowest
dose inducing a significant increase in enzyme activity
while the highest dose produced significant inhibition.
Significant CCI4-induced reductions in glucaronyl-
transferase and sulfotransferase activities were also
observed while the effect on glutathione-S-transferase
was ambiguous. The in vivo and in vitro assays
showed good agreement. (Copyright (c) 1988 Elsevier
Science Publishers B.V.)
Keywords: 'Transferases, 'Bioassay, 'Carbon tetra-
chloride, 'Toxicology, 'Hazardous materials, In vivo
analysis, In vitro analysis, Rats, Chlorobenzenes,
Liver, Experimental design, Metabolism, Reprints,
'Enzyme repression, 'Enzyme tests. Glutathione
transferases, Comparative evaluations, Lindane, Toxic
substances, UDP glucaronyltransferase, Sulfurtrans-
ferases, Benzene hexachloride, Dose-response rela-
tionships.
PB89-143713/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Behavioral Consequences of Chelator Administra-
tion In Acute Cadmium Toxicity (Journal Version).
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Neurotoxicology Div.
D. B. Peele, J. D. Farmer, and R. C. MacPhail. c1988,
15p EPA/600/ J-88/262
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, v11
p416-4281988. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop
Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The conditioned flavor-aversion paradigm was used to
assess the toxicity of acutely administered cadmium
and the interaction of cadmium with the heavy-metal
chelating agents dimercaproi (BAL) and dimercapto-
succinic acid (DMSA). Shortly after consuming sac-
charin, rats received cadmium either alone or in combi-
nation with BAL or DMSA. When compared to rats re-
ceiving either nothing or the vehicle, rats receiving
cadmium displayed significant reductions in saccharin
preference (i.e., conditioned flavor aversions). BAL
and DMSA were also capable of producing condi-
tioned flavor aversions when given alone. Rats receiv-
ing cadmium in combination with either BAL or DMSA
displayed significant, but not complete, attenuations of
conditioned flavor aversions when compared to rats
receiving cadmium alone. Chelator-induced blockade
of cadmium-induced flavor-aversion conditioning was
not obtained when BAL or DMSA administration was
delayed by 4 hrs. (Copyright (c) 1988 by the Society of
Toxicology.)
Keywords: 'Flavor, 'Cadmium, 'Chelating agents,
'Avoidance learning, 'Toxicity, Exposure, Saccharin,
Rats, Antidotes, Conditioning(Learning), Animal be-
havior, Bioassay, Reprints, Dimercaprol(BAL), Sulfhy-
dryl compounds, Dimercaptosuccinic acid(DMSA),
Toxic substances, Heavy metals.
PB89-143721/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer In Xuan Wei, China:
Current Progress, issues, and Research Strate-
Sies (Journal Version). Journal article,
ealth Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. S. Chapman, J. L. Mumford, D. B. Harris, X. He, and
W. Jiang. C1988,8p EPA/600/ J-88/261
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, v43 p180-
185 Mar/Apr 88. Prepared in cooperation with Institute
of Environmental Health and Engineering, Beijing
(China), and Yunnan Province Anti-epidemic Station,
Kunming (China).
in Xuan Wei, a rural Chinese county of about one mil-
lion people, females' annual lung cancer mortality is
China's highest, and males' is among China's highest.
Xuan Wei's very high indoor air pollution levels (some-
times exceeding 20 mg/m3), residentially stable popu-
lation, relatively uncomplicated lifestyle, and wide geo-
graphic variation in lung cancer mortality render it
nighjy amenable to quantitative, interdisciplinary inves-
tigation of chemical carcinogens due to indoor air pol-
lution. To date, epidemiologic findings reveal a closer
association of lung cancer with the indoor bunting of
'smoky' coal than with tobacco use or occupation. Cur-
rent aerometric, chemical, and toxicologic findings
tend to confirm this association. Chinese and Ameri-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
can Investigators are conducting interdisciplinary field
and laboratory investigations to quantify the lung
cancer risk attendant on indoor air pollution relative to
other factors, to measure and compare the character-
istics of pollution from different Xuan Wei fuels, to de-
termine the relative etiologic importance of pollution
composition and concentration, and to develop quanti-
tative relationships between air pollution dose and
lung cancer risk.
Keywords: "Smoke, "Coal, "Carcinogens, "Pulmonary
neoplasms, China, Epidemiology, Mortality, Mutagens,
Respiratory diseases, Etiology, Reprints, "Indoor air
pollution, "Air pollution effects(Humans), Xuan
Wei(China), Risk assessment, Toxic substances.
PB89-143739/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Ontogeny of the Acoustic Startle Response and
Sensitization to Background Noise In the Rat
(Journal Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. P. Sheets, K. F. Dean, and L. W. Reiter. 1988,10p
EPA/600/J-88/259
Pub. in Behavioral Neuroscience, v102 n5 p706-713
1988.
The purpose of the study was to characterize the on-
togeny of the acoustic startle response (ASR), and re-
sponse sensitization to background noise, in
greweanling rats. With constant low-level (45 dB)
ackground noise, response latency decreased stead-
ily with age, whereas, both response incidence and
amplitude increased non-monotonically with age. Two
approaches were used to examine the ontogeny of
sensitization to background noise: the first compared
the ASR of animals tested at 75 dB background noise
to ones tested at 45 dB; the second compared the
ASR of animals tested at 3 background levels (30 dB
range) within the test session. In each instance, sensi-
tization was first evident at 16 days of age. Results in-
dicate that daily test experience does not alter ASR
amplitude, latency, incidence or the development of
sensitization.
Keywords: 'Noise(Sound), "Reflexes, Background
noise, Pseudoconditioning, Laboratory animals, Rats,
Stress(Physiology), Experimental design, Reprints,
Acoustic startle response, Ontogenesis.
PB89-143747/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Approach to Environmental Risk Assessment
Using Avian Toxicity Tests (Journal Version).
Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
M. A. Shirazi, R. S. Bennett, and L. Lowrie. c1988,11 p
EPA/600/J-88/258
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v16 p263-271 1988. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallls, OR.
Toxicity tests results are often condensed into a single
endpoint (LC50) to facilitate their use in environmental
management. The single number cannot distinguish
between two tests with equal LC50s but dissimilar
slopes at LC50 and it cannot describe the response at
low and high dose levels. Some chemicals produce a
flat response at low dose levels, others produce a
steep response. The management of different chemi-
cals requires different strategies and a more compre-
hensive approach to analysis of test data than use of a
single endpoint. An alternative analysis of test data
using Weibull survivor function produces information
on the overall form of the dose-response curve and
enables calculation of toxicity, the slope, and errors at
arbitrary protection levels, Including the conventional
50% level. (Copyright (c) 1988 Springer-Verlag New
York Inc.)
Keywords: "Lethal dosage, "Hazardous materials,
"Weibull density functions, Toxicity, Birds, Bioassay,
Tables(Data), Pesticides, Statistical distributions,
Mathematical models, Reprints, "Risk assessment,
"Environmental tests, Dose-response relationships.
PB89-143764/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Evaluation of an Ozone X Moisture Stress Interac-
tion Model for Soybean (Journal Version). Journal
Portland Univ., OR. Dept. of Physical and Life Sci-
ences.
D. A. King, A. S. Heagle, and R. B. Flagler. C1988,13p
EPA/600/J-88/257
Pub. in Ecological Modelling, v41 p269-279 1988. Pre-
pared in cooperation with North Carolina Agricultural
Research Service, Raleigh. Plant Pathology Dept., and
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. Sponsored by
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Assessments of air pollution impacts on crops may
overestimate losses because they do not consider the
impacts of soil moisture deficits on pollutant uptake by
plants. A recent model of moisture stress X ozone
interactions predicted reduced ozone impacts on
yields of drought-stressed crops, due in part to an as-
sumed reduction in the ozone damage during drought.
The paper describes an evaluation of the model with
ozone X moisture stress field experiments on soybean
conducted at Raleigh, NC, U.S.A. Modelled yield
losses due to ozone were smaller than observed for
moisture-stressed soybean, but these differences
were not statistically significant. The model predictions
were consistent with the ozone X H20 interaction ob-
served by other researchers for soybean grown in a
controlled environment. (Copyright (c) 1988 Elsevier
Science Publishers B.V.)
Keywords: "Ozone, "Stress(Physiology), "Droughts,
"Soybean plants, Oxygen, Mathematical models,
Yield, Forecasting, Plant physiology, Plant growth, Re-
prints, Air pollution effects(Plants), Glycine max.
PB89-143762/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Classification of Binary Mass Spectra of Toxic
Compounds with an Inductive Expert System and
Comparison with SIMCA Class Modeling (Journal
Version). Journal article,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
D. R. Scott. 1988,21 p EPA/600/J-88/254
Pub. in Analytica Chimica Acta, v211 p11 -29 1988.
The performance of an inexpensive, inductive rule-
butlding expert system, 1 ST CLASS, using the ID3 al-
gorithm was compared to that of SIMCA class model-
ing in classifying the binary mass spectra of 78 toxic
and related compounds. The compressed mass spec-
tra consisted of 17 masses chosen using information
theory. The expert rules verified the six main classes
and two subclasses found with SIMCA class modeling.
These classes were: all benzenes and all alkanes/al-
kenes (alkaenes); nonhalobenzenes, chlorobenzenes,
bromoalkaenes, and chloroalkaenes; and mono-, dich-
loroalkaenes and pqlychloroalkaenes. Training set
classification accuracies obtained with the expert rules
gave a classification accuracy of 97-100% vs. 79-96%
for SIMCA. Predictive accuracy for the four main class-
es was 78%. In general fewer masses were involved
with the rules than with the SIMCA models, and the
rules are normally optimized with regard to minimum
number of steps in the rule, not minimum number of
variables. The expert rules work best with closed sets
of objects where all possibilities can be included in the
training sets. The expert rules can be taken to be spec-
ified paths along the perimeter of the multidimensional
measurement space (hypercube) to a vertex nearest
the SIMCA cylinders for an appropriate class. Overall
the performance of the expert system was very good.
Keywords: "Mass spectroscopy, "Information sys-
tems, "Environmental surveys, "Hazardous materials,
"Chemical analysis, Performance evaluation. Pattern
recognition, Benzenes, Alkanes, Alkene compounds,
Chlorine organic compounds. Bromine organic com-
pounds, Comparison, Reprints, "Volatile organic com-
pounds, "SIMCA models, "Environmental monitoring,
Expert systems.
PB89-1443B0/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Isoprene Emissions and Photosynthesis In Three
Ferns: The Influence of Light and Temperature
(Journal Version). Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. T. Tingey, R. C. Evans, E. H. Bates, and M. L.
Gumpertz. c1987,10p EPA/600/J-67/463
Pub. in Physiologia Plantarum 69, p609-6161987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc., Cor-
vallis, OR.
A study was designed to determine the rates of iso-
prene emission and photosynthesis in three fern spe-
cies and the independent influence of light and tem-
perature on these processes. The plants were condi-
tioned in a growth chamber and then transferred to a
controlled environment chamber. Samples of the
chamber atmosphere were collected: isoprene was
concentrated and measured by gas chromatography.
Only small amounts of isoprene were detected around
the ferns in the dark. Isoprene emissions increased
with increasing levels of photosynthetic photon flux
density (PPFD) in all three species. Maximum isoprene
emissions occurred between 35 and 39 C which is a
lower temperature maximum than reported for angio-
sperms and gymnosperms. The increased emissions
with temperature were primarily associated with in-
creased biosynthetic rates for isoprene. Carbon lost
through isoprene accounted for 0.02 to 2.6% of the
carbon fixed during photosynthesis, depending on the
PPFD level, temperature and fern species.
Keywords: "Photosynthesis, "Ferns, *Light(Visible ra-
diation), "Temperature, "Isoprene, "Plant physiology,
Terpene compounds, Respiration, Statistical data, Re^
prints, "Biosynthesis, Dicksonia antarctica, Thelypteris
decursive-pinnata, Thelypteris kunthii.
PB89-144398/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Ozone and Soli Moisture Deficit Effects on Nitro-
5en Metabolism of Soybean (Journal Version)
ournal article,
Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD.
R. B. Flagler, R. P. Patterson, A. S. Heagle, and W W
Heck. c1987,10p EPA/600/J-87/464
Pub. in Crop Science 27, p1177-1184 1987. Prepared
in cooperation with North Carolina State Univ. at Ra-
leigh. Dept. of Botany. Sponsored by Corvallis Environ-
mental Research Lab., OR.
A two-year field study was conducted to determine the
effects of soil moisture deficit and 03 on nitrogen me-
tabolism of soybean. Nitrogen fixation, estimated by
the acetylene reduction (AR) technique, was de-
creased by both treatments. As 03 concentration In-
creased, there was a decrease in total AR activity and
a more rapid decline of activity during reproductive
growth. Water deficit decreased AR activity significant-
ly both years. The activity of nitrate reductase (NR)
was also decreased by WS treatments. Ozone effects
on NR activity varied between years. Rates of N
mulation were generally lower in higher 03 and WS
treatments. The partitioning of N among various plant
parts and concentrations of N within plant parts were
altered in WS treatments during all stages of growth
and to a far lesser extent by 03 treatments dunno re-
productive growth. There were no significant (53 X
water regime interactions.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Stress(Physiology), "Droughts.
"Soybean plants, "Nitrogen fixation, Oxygen, Soil
water, Nitrification, Plant metabolism, Plant physioloay.
Farm crops, Yield, Reprints, "Dose-response relation-
ships, "Air pollution effects(Plants), Glycine max. Re-
ductases.
PB89-144406/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Evaluation of the Kriging Method to Predict 7-h
Seasonal Mean Ozone Concentrations for Eatt-
msting Crop Losses (Journal Version). Journal arti-
cle,
A.S.L. and Associates, Helena, MT.
A. S. Lefohn, H. P. Knudsen, J. A. Logan, J. Simp
and C. Bhumralkar. C1987, lOp EPA/BOO/j^87^48£P'
Contract EPA-68-03-3246
Pub. in JAPCA, v37 n5 p395-602 May 87. Prepared in
cooperation with Harvard Univ., Cambridge, ma fti*
telle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA., and NiiI
tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Rode
ville, MD. Sponsored by Corvallls Environmental iSI
search Lab., OR.
Using kriging, a statistical technique, the National Crao
Loss Assessment Network (NCLAN) program estimat
ed growing season 5-month (May-September) ambient
7-h mean 03 concentrations for each of the malar
crop growing areas of the United States for iSfo.
1982. The 03 estimates were used to predict econonv
ic benefits anticipated by lowering 03 levels In th*
United States. The paper reviews NCtAN'a use of krio.
ing to estimate 7-h seasonal mean 03 concentration
for crop growing regions. Although the original krtabv!
program used by NCLAN incorrectly calculated thatf
agonal elements of the kriging equations, this TrnilntinT
did not result in significant errors in the predictadMH.
mates. Most of the data used in estimating the
sonal values were obtained from urban areas: thei^a
of these data tended to underestimate the 7-h t
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
al 03 concentrations in rural areas, it is recommended
that only 03 data that are representative of agricultural
areas and have been collected under accepted quality
assurance programs be used in future kriging efforts.
(Copyright (c) 1987 APCA.)
Keywords: 'Farm crops, 'Ozone, 'Forecasting, Sea-
sonal variations, Surveys, Oxygen, Statistical analysis,
Economic impact, Rural areas, Urban areas, Reprints,
'Kriging, 'Air pollution effects(Plants), National Crop
Loss Assessment Network(NCLAN).
PB89-144414/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Co-Occurrence Pattern* of Gaseous Air Pollutant
Pairs at Different Minimum Concentrations In the
United States (Journal Version). Journal article,
A.S.L. and Associates, Helena, MT.
A. S. Lefohn, C. E. Davis, C. K. Jones, D. T. Tlngey,
and W. E. Hogsett. C1987,12p EPA/600/J-87/466
Contract EPA-68-03-3225
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v21 n11 p2435-
2444 1987. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
The frequency of co-occurrences for S02/N02, S02/
03 and 03/N02 at rural and remote monitoring sites
in the United States was characterized for the months
of May-September for the years 1S78-1982. Minimum
hourty concentrations of 0.03 and 0.05 ppm of each
gas were used as the criteria for defining a 'co-occur-
rence.' The objectives of the study were to: (1) identify
the types of co-occurrence patterns and their frequen-
cy; (2) identify whether the frequency of hourly simulta-
neous co-occurrences increased substantially when
the minimum concentration was lowered (e.g., from
0.05 to 0.03 ppm) for each pollutant; and (3) determine
whether the frequency of co-occurrences showed
large year-to-year variation. Based on their observa-
tions, researchers attempting to assess the potential
effects of S02/N02, S02/03 and 03/N02 in the
United States should construct simulated exposure re-
gimes so that (1) hourly simultaneous and daily simul-
taneous-only co-occurrences are fairly rare and (2)
when co-occurrences are present, complex-sequential
and sequential-only co-occurrence patterns predomi-
nate. (Copyright (c) 1987 Pergamon Journals Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Ozone, 'Nitrogen dioxide,
Air pollution, Concentration(Composition), Sites, Rural
areas, Air quality, Farm crops, Mixtures, United States,
Graphs(Charts), Reprints, Air pollution sampling, 'Air
pollution effects(Plants).
PBM-144422/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Injury and Yield Response of Soybean to Chronic
Doses of Ozone and Soil Moisture Deficit (Journal
Vereion). Journal article,
Aariculturai Research Service, Beltsville, MD.
AiS. Heagle, R. B. Flagler, R. P. Patterson, W. M.
Lesser, and S. T. Shafer. C1987,11p EPA/600/J-87/
467
Pub. in Crop. Scl., v27 p1016-1024 1987. Prepared in
cooperation with North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
A 2-yr field study was performed to determine Injury
and yield response of soybean to long-term 03 expo-
sure and soil moisture deficit. Two levels of soil mois-
ture (well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS))
were obtained by differential irrigating during periods of
low precipitation. Open-top field chambers were used
to expose plants to different levels of 03 for 109 days.
The 1983 season was drier and hotter than the 1984
Mason. In 1983, plants in the (WS) plots were under
moderate to severe moisture stress and yielded ap-
proximately half as much as those in the (WW) plots. In
1984, plants in the WS plots were under moderate
moisture stress during flowering and pod-fill stages
and they yielded 20% less than those in the WW plots.
In 1983, there was a significant relationship between
OS concentration and yield in the WW plots, but not in
the WS plots. In 1984, similar linear responses to 03
occurred at both levels of soil moisture. Compared to
the control, predicted yield loss for WW plots at ambi-
ent 03 levels (2-yr 7 h per day mean of 0.0S4 micro-
Mers/ner) was 12% in 1983 and 14% In 1984. The
predicted loss value for the WS plants in 1984 was
12%.
Keywords: "Ozone, 'Stress(Physlology), 'Droughts,
'Soybean plants, Injuries, Yield, Forecasting,
Tables(Data), Exposure, Field tests, Reprints, 'Dose-
response relationships, *Air pollution effects(Plants),
Glycine max.
PB89-144430/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Assessing the Impacts of Soil Moisture Stress on
Regional Soybean Yield and Its Sensitivity to
Ozone (Journal Version). Journal article,
Portland Univ., OR. Dept. of Physical and Life Sci-
ences.
D. A. King, and W. L. Nelson. c1987,16p EPA/600/J-
87/469
Pub. in Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 20
p23-35 1987. Prepared in cooperation with Doane
Publishing, St. Louis, MO. Sponsored by Corvallis En-
vironmental Research Lab., OR.
Plants that experience moisture stress show less
ozone-caused injury than non-stressed plants ex-
posed to similar levels of ozone. To evaluate the inter-
action of moisture stress and ozone for soybean grown
in the U.S.A., relative yields were simulated with a
model to compute a general relationship between
moisture stress effects on yield and crop sensitivity to
ozone. In 1980 a 25% reduction in ozone would have
increased mean yield by 6.0% for adequately watered
soybeans, but only a 4.6% increase was predicted
when moisture stress was included. This shift repre-
sents a 23% decline in sensitivity to ozone caused by
moisture stress. The mean predicted ozone impact on
soybean yield for 1979-1983 was reduced 19% by
moisture stress. These predictions agree with drought-
induced reductions in ozone sensitivity observed in
pot-grown soybeans, but results from field experi-
ments involving moisture stress are less certain.
Keywords: "Ozone, 'Stress(Physiology), 'Droughts,
'Soybean plants, Plant physiology, Sensitivity, Region-
al analysis, Soil water, Oxygen, Forecasting, Mathe-
matical models, Yield, Reprints, Air pollution
effects(Plants), Glycine max.
PB8M44448/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Suppression of Viral Replication by Quanidlne: A
Comparison of Human Adenoviruses and Entero-
viruses (Journal Vsrslon). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. J. Hurst, W. H. Benton, and K. A. McClellan. 1988,
13p EPA/600/J-88/202
Pub. in Jnl. of Virologlcal Methods, v22 pl-11 Oct 88.
A comparison was made of the relative sensitivities of
laboratory strain human adenoviruses and enterovir-
uses, and recently isolated human enteroviruses, to
the presence of guanidine hydrochloride in cell culture
media. The concentration of guanidine hydrochloride
used was 100 microG per ml, corresponding to 59
microG per ml of free guanidine. Representatives of all
six human adenovirus groups were unaffected in their
replication. Representatives of the human enterovirus
groups varied in sensitivity to suppression. Use of gua-
nidine as a media additive successfully facilitated de-
tection of indigenous adenoviruses in concentrates
prepared from raw wastewater. It did so through selec-
tively suppressing replication of the more rapidly grow-
ing enteroviruses which were likewise present In the
same samples. The findings suggest a novel role for
antiviral drugs: serving as an adjunct in facilitating se-
lective Isolation of specific virus groups when they may
be present as part of a mixed viral population.
Keywords: "Guanldines, "Adenoviruses, 'Enterovir-
uses, 'Antiviral agents, Water analysis, Waste water,
Amines, Viruses, Sensitivity, Humans, Nitrogen organ-
ic compounds, Cultures(Blology), Bioassay, Hydrogen
chloride, Reprints. "Virus Inhibitors, Virus replication.
PB89-144455/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Changes In Testicular and Serum Hormone Con-
eentratlos in the Male Rat Following Treatment
With 'm'-Dtnltrobenzene (Journal Version). Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park. NC.
G. L. Rehnberg, R. E. Under, J. M. Goldman, J. F. Hein,
arid W. K. McElroy. 1988, t2p EPA/600/J-88/203
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v95
p255-2641988.
m-Dfnitrobenzene (m-DNB)-induced testicular atrophy
has been attributed to a direct effect upon the germinal
epithelium. However, such degenerative changes in
the germinal epithelium should induce shifts in the tes-
ticular hormonal milieu, which would in turn alter the
hypothalmic-pituitary gonadal axis in general. The
study evaluated the endocrine status of male rats fol-
lowing a single oral dose of m-DNB (32 mg m-DNB/
kg). Serum and pituitary leuteinizing hormone, follicle-
stimulating hormone (FSH), and protactin and hypo-
thalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
concentrations were determined. Testosterone and
androgen-binding protein concentrations in serum, in-
terstitial fluid, seminiferous tubule fluid, and caput epi-
didymis were also determined. In vitro basal and hCG-
stimulated testosterone release was determined in the
decapsulated testis. These data demonstrate that m-
DNB exerts a direct effect on the testes and not
through alterations in hypothalamic and pituitary con-
trol of gonadal function. (Copyright (c) 1988 Academic
Press, Tnc.)
Keywords: "Toxicity, 'Hormones, 'Testes, 'Blood
serum, Gonadotropins, Hypothalamus, Nitroaryl com-
pounds, Pituitary gland, Atrophy, Rats, Testosterone,
Reproductive system, Reprints, 'Dinitrobenzenes, Bi-
ological effects, Epithelium.
PB89-144463/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Aneuploidy Detection with a Short-Term Hexa-
plold Wheat Assay (Journal Version). Journal arti-
cle,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
G. P. Redei, and S. S. Sandnu. c1988,14p EPA/600/
J-88/204
Pub. in Mutation Research 201, p337-348 1988. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Missouri Univ.-Columbia.
A novel assay for the identification of agents causing
aneuploidy is described. This assay takes advantage
of allohexaploid wheat in which monosomic and nulii-
somic cell lineages can be genetically detected. The
wheat strain used is homozygous for a pair of recissive
alleles (v1) which in homozygous condition interfere
with normal pigmentation of the leaves at low tempera-
ture, but It is nemizygous ineffective. This locus is in
the short arm of chromosome 3B near the centromere.
As a consequence of nondisjunction of this chromo-
some, twin sectors may be detected in which the mon-
osomic cell lineages appear green, whereas the triso-
mic sectors display white color on a cream-colored
background at low temperature. This genetic system
can also be used for the detection of deletions or dupli-
cations involving the short arm of chromosome 3B.
Results show that X-rays, gamma rays, p-fluorophenyl-
alanine, 3-amino-triazole, caffeine, vinblastin sulfate,
benzo(a)pyrene, and auramine significantly increased
aneuploidy, and diethylstilbestrol, sulfacetamide, sa-
frole, and dichiorvos caused some increase of sector-
ing.
Keywords: 'Detection, 'Wheat plants, 'Mutagens,
'Bioassay, 'Chromosome abnormalities, Toxicity, X-
rays, Caffeine, Phenylalanine, Triazoles, Vinblastin,
Gamma rays, Reprints, 'Aneuploidy, Neatby's vires-
cens, Genetic nondisjunction, Benzopyrenes, Aura-
mine, Diethylstilbestrol, Dichiorvos, Safrole, Sulfaceta-
mide.
PBM-144471/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Synaptonemal Complex Damage Induced by Clas-
togenlc and Antl-Mltotic Chemicals: Implications
for Non-Dis|unctlon and Aneuploidy (Journal Ver-
sion). Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
J. W. Allen, J. B. Gibson, P. A. Poorman, L. C. Backer,
and M. J. Moses. C1988,14p EPA/600/J-88/205
Pub. in Mutation Research, v201 p313-324 1988. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Duke Univ. Medical Center,
Durham, NC., and Wellcome Research Labs., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Mice were treated with mitomycin C, cyclophospha-
mide, amuscarine, colchicine, or vinblastine sulfate,
and meiotk: prophase cells analyzed for synaptonemal
complex damage. All test agents caused synaptone-
mal complex breakage and synapsis irregularities, al-
though propensities for inducing specific types of
damage at S-phase or prophase stages varied among
the chemicals. The data indicate that SC analysis can
reveal chemical-specific alterations to meiotic homo-
logue pairing/synapsis which have not generally been
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
recognized, and which theoretically may be implicated
in nondisjunction.
Keywords: "Mutagens, 'Toxicology, 'Synopses, Mice,
Laboratory animals, Exposure, Meiosis, Mitomycins,
Cyclophosphamide, Colchicine, Chromosome abnor-
malities, Reprints, "Aneuploidy, 'Chromosomal trans-
location, 'Genetic effects, Mitomycin C, Amsacrine,
Vinblastine sulfate, Prophase, Alkylating agents, Chro-
mosome breakage, Toxic substances, Sister chroma-
tid exchanges, Antimitotic drugs.
PB89-144489/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Genetic Assay for Aneuploidy: Quantitation of
Chromosome Lou Using a Mouse/Human Mon-
ochromosomal Hybrid Cell Una (Journal Version).
Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
S S. Sandhu, R. Gudi, and R. S. Athwal. c1988,10p
EPA/600/J-88/206
Pub. in Mutation Research, v201 p423-430 1988. Pre-
pared in cooperation with New Jersey Medical School,
Newark.
A genetic assay is described in which a mouse/human
hybrid cell line R3-5 containing a single human chro-
mosome (a monochromosomal hybrid) is used to
detect chemically induced aneuploidy. The hybrid cells
are deficient in hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl-
transferase (HGPRT) and contain human chromo-
some 2, marked with Ecogpt, an E. coli gene for xan-
thine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. These cells
with a genotype of HGPRT(sup -)/Ecogpt (sup +) can
grow in the medium containing mycophenolic acid and
xanthine (MX medium) but not in the medium contain-
ing 6-thioguanine (6-TG). The loss of the human chro-
mosome from R3-5 cells as a result of chemical treat-
ment produces cells with a genotype of HGPT(sup -)/
Ecogpt(sup -) which are capable of growth in the
medium containing 6-TG. Thus, the cloning efficiency
of cells treated with a test chemical in 6-TG provides a
method to determine the frequency of cells that have
lost the human chromosome. Colcemid and nocoda-
zole, known to induce aneuploidy at concentrations
ranging from 0.002 to 0.032 micrograms/ml, showed a
concentration-related positive response in this
assay.(Copyright (c) 1988 Elsevier Science Publishers
B.V.)
Keywords: 'Bioassay, 'Chromosome abnormalities,
Mice, Humans, Eschericea coll, Reprints, 'Aneuploidy,
•Chromosome losses, 'Toxic hazards, Nocodazole,
Hybridomas, Animal cells, Genetic effects, Hypoxanth-
ine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT),
Thioguanine, Colcemid.
PB89-144497/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Semiquantitative Analysis by X-ray Powder Dif-
fraction (SQXRD) of the 2 mm to 0.002 mm and
0.002 mm Fractions of Soli (Journal Version). Jour-
nal article,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
G. A. Raab. C1988,12p EPA/600/J-88/207
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
Pub. in Powder Diffraction, v3 n3 p144-152 Sep 88.
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The method described in the paper is a strict protocol
for X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of mineral phases
found in soils. Its application is not restricted to soils
and is an attempt to standardize XRD sample prepara-
tion and analysis.
Keywords: 'Quantitative analysis, 'X-ray diffraction,
'Clay minerals, 'Clay soils, Fractions, Watersheds,
Particle size, Ethylene glycol, Standards, Mineralogy,
Comparison, Reprints, Acid rain, tnternal standard,
Calibration standard, Reference standard.
PB89-144505/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Modeling the Impact of Ozone x Drought Interac-
tions on Regional Crop Yields (Journal Version).
Journal article,
Portland Univ., OR.
D. A. King. C1988,16p EPA/600/J-88/221
Grant EPA-R-812671
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
The influence of soil moisture stress on crop sensitivity
to 03 was evaluated for corn, cotton, soybean, and
wheat grown in the United States by using yield fore-
casting models to estimate the influence of soil mois-
ture deficits on regional yield and a previously devel-
oped model to predict moisture stress x 03 interac-
tions. Reduced crop sensitivity to 03 was predicted for
those regions and years for which soil moisture stress
reduced yield. The models predicted a drought-in-
duced reduction in crop sensitivity to 03 of approxi-
mately 20% for the 1979 to 1983 period; i.e., a hypo-
thetical 03-induced yield reduction of 5% for ade-
quately watered crops would have been reduced to a
4% effect by the 1979 to 1983 distribution of soil mois-
ture deficits. However, predicted drought effects
varied. Uncertainties in the model predictions are also
discussed. (Copyright (c) 1988 Elsevier Applied Sci-
ence Publishers Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Droughts, 'Mathematical
models, 'Soil water, 'Farm crops, Soybean plants,
Wheat, Cotton plants, Forecasting,
Stress(Physiology), Corn, Plant physiology, Plant
growth, Sensitivity, Yield, Reprints, 'Air pollution
effects(Plants), Gossypium hirsutum, Glycine max, Tri-
ticum aestivum, Regional analysis, Biological adapta-
tion, Zea mays.
PB89-144513/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Physiological and Growth Responses of Differen-
tially Irrigated Cotton to Ozone (Journal Version).
Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
P. J. Temple, R. S. Kupper, R. L. Lennox, and K. Rohr.
C1988,11 p EPA/600/J-88/222
Pub. in Environmental Pollution 53, p255-263 1988.
Prepared in cooperation with California Univ., River-
side. Statewide Air Pollution Research Center.
The study was conducted to determine the physiologi-
cal and growth responses of cotton (Gossypium hirsu-
tum L.) to the interaction of ozone (03) and drought
stress. Cotton (cv SJ-2) was grown in open-top cham-
bers in the field at three levels of soil water and ex-
posed to charcoal-filtered air, nonfiltered air (NF), and
NF x 1.25, and NF x 1.5 ambient 03 concentrations in
Riverside, CA from June to October 1986. Ozone re-
duced carbon fixation an average of 74.6% in optimal-
ly watered (OW) plots, 63.4% in suboptimal (SO) plots,
but only 19.3% in severely water-stressed (SS) plots.
Leaf and stem biomass in OW and SO plots showed
similar linear reductions in mass in response to in-
creased 03 concentrations, but SS plots showed no
response to 03 except at the highest 03 treatment
(seasonal 12-h 03 mean of 0-111 ppm 218
microgm(sup -3)). These results showed that moder-
ately water-stressed cotton had similar physiological
and growth responses to 03 as well-watered plants,
but severely water-stressed cotton showed little re-
sponse to 03 at ambient 03 concentrations. (Copy-
right (c) 1988 Elsevier Applied Science Publishers Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Plant physiology, 'Cotton plants, 'Ozone,
'Droughts, 'Stress(Physiology), Biomass, Statistical
data, Irrigation, Plant growth, Photosynthesis, Re-
prints, 'Air pollution enects(Plants), Oxygen com-
pounds, Carbon dioxide fixation, Gossypium hirsutum.
PB89-144621/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Injury and Yield Responses of Differentially Irri-
gated Cotton to Ozone (Journal Version). Journal
article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
P. J. Temple, R. S. Kupper, R. W. Lennox, and K. Rohr.
C1988,8p EPA/600/J-88/223
Pub. in Argon. Jnl. 80, p751-755 1988. Prepared in co-
operation with California Univ., Riverside. Statewide
Air Pollution Research Center.
The study was conducted to determine the influence of
drought stress on foliar injury and yield responses of
field-grown cotton. Cotton grown on Hanford coarse
sandy loam at three levels of soil water in open-top
chambers was exposed to seasonal 12-h 03 concen-
trations in Riverside, CA. At ambient 03 concentra-
tions severely drought-stressed (SS) cotton averaged
25% foliar injury, while moderately stressed (SO)
plants averaged 56%, and optimally watered (OW)
plants averaged 68% foliar injury. Lint and seed yields
were significantly reduced by 03 in OW and SO plots,
while SS cotton showed no yield reductions, except at
0.111 microliters per liter. Yield reductions were pri-
marily attributable to fewer numbers of bolls. The rela-
tive similarity in responses of OW and SO cotton was
attributed to adaptation to drought stress by SO plants,
which maintained the sensitivity of moderately
stressed cotton to 03. These results suggest that low
or moderate drought stress would have relatively little
effect on the response of irrigated cotton to 03.
Keywords: 'Farm crops, 'Ozone, 'Droughts, 'Plant
physiology, Stress(Physiology), Cotton plants, Plant
growth, Irrigation, Yield, Regression analysis, Injuries,
Reprints, Air pollution effects(Plants), Gossypium hir-
sutum.
PB89-144539/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Chloroform Induction of Ornithine Decarboxylase
Antlzyme (ODC-AZ) In Male Rat Liver (Journal
Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
R. E. Savage, M. A. Pereira, and A. B. DeAngelo.
C1988,7p EPA/600/J-88/220
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health,
v25 n1 p97-101 Aug 88. See also PB83-189050. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Environmental Health Re-
search and Testing, Inc., Cincinnati, OH., and National
Inst, for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati,
OH.
Chloroform stimulation of rat hepatic ornithine decar-
boxylase (ODC) is most dramatic at 18 h following a
single injection. Repeated dosing, 1 dose/d for up to 7
d, results in a daily decline in the ability of the liver
enzyme to respond 18 h after the final injection. This
decline was probably due to an increased synthesis
and accumulation of the ODC-antizyme (AZ) protein.
ODC-AZ was determined by measuring the inhibition
of isolated ODC activity. Rats were injected daily for 1,
3, or 7 d with 3.0 mmol/kg chloroform. Chloroform in-
duced ODC-AZ activity in males at 3 and 7 d (26% and
37% inhibition of the ODC activity in the incubation
medium, respectively). While females exhibited a simi-
lar decline in ODC activity after repeated doses, ODC-
AZ was not induced. Thus, it would appear that daHy
exposure of rats to chloroform results In a refractori-
ness of its induction of ODC activity accompanied by
an induction of the ODC-AZ in males. However, in fe-
males these two responses were not directly related.
(Copyright (c) 1988 Hemisphere Publishing Corp.)
Keywords: 'Chloroform, 'Enzyme inhibitors, 'Toxicity,
'Hazardous materials, Chlorohydrocarbons, Rats,
Liver, Alphaamino carboxylic acids, Valeric acid. In-
duction, Exposure, Laboratory animals, Stimulation,
Reprints, 'Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme, 'Toxic
substances.
PB89-144547/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Urinary Cadmium and B«ta2-M!crofllobulln: Corre-
lation with Nutrition and Smoking History (Journal
Version). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH. Toxicol-
ogy and Microbiology Div.
N. E. Kowal. 1988,7p EPA/600/J-88/219
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health
v25 n 1 p179-183 Sep 88. See also PB84-175264.
Urinary cadmium and beta2-microglobulin concentra-
tions from approximately 1000 samples from the gen-
eral adult U.S. population, collected as part of the Na-
tional Health and Nutritional Examination Survey li
(NHANES II), were related to nutritional and smoking
history of the individuals. Urinary cadmium concentra-
tion was negatively correlated with dietary iron (signifi-
cance level of 0.0065), negatively correlated with die-
tary calcium (significance level of less than 0.0001)
and significantly (level ol less than 0.001) higher hi
past or present smokers than in those who had never
smoked. The results suggest increased cadmium ab-
sorption in the presence of low dietary intake of iron,
low dietary intake of calcium, and cigarette smoking in
the general population of the United States.
Keywords: 'Cadmium, 'Calcium, 'iron, 'Smoklna
'Nutrition, Public health, Diets, Globulins, Urine, P|2l
prints, 'Beta 2 microglobulin, 'Nutrition surveys, Na-
tional Health and Nutritional Examination Survey ||.
PBM-144554/HSU	PC A03/MF Afl1
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ecoreglons: An Approach to Surface Water Pro-
tection (Journal Version). Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
R. M. Hughes, and D. P. Larsen. c1988,12p EPA/600/
J-88/224
Contract EPA-68-03-3124
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Pollution Control Federation
p486-493 Apr 88. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmen-
tal Research Lab., OR.
Many of the most important scientific and manage-
ment questions require some sort of regionalization.
Problems are too widespread and numerous to be
treated on a site by site basis and ecosystems are too
variable to be treated the same way nationwide. The
paper demonstrates the use of a regional framework
for determining chemical and biological goals for sur-
face waters. In four case studies, an eco-region map
drawn from landscape characteristics was used to
stratify the naturally occurring variance in water quality
and biological communities. An ecoregion framework
helps apply sound ecological theory to setting goals
for entire states or regions of the country. Such a
framework is an important bridge between site-specific
and national approaches. When combined with appro-
priate statistical design, the ecoregional approach can
provide precise expectations about large numbers of
water bodies that would not be possible from tradition-
al site-specific research or river basin surveys. (Copy-
right (c) April 1988, Journal Water Pollution Control
Federation.)
Keywords: 'Surface waters, 'Water pollution control,
Water quality, Sites, Aquatic animals, Arkansas, Ohio,
Oregon, Minnesota, Concentration(Composition), Re-
prints, 'Aquatic ecosystems, 'Regional analysis, 'Re-
source management, 'Water pollution sampling,
Water pollution effects(Animals).
PBM-144662/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Hydroxyl Free Radical Mediated Formation of 8-
Hydroxyguanlne in Isolated DNA (Journal Ver-
sion). Journal article,
Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma
City.
R A. Floyd, M. S. West, K. L. Eneff, W. E. Hogsett, and
D T Tingey.cl 988,9p EPA/600/J-88/225
Grant EPA-R-812710
Pub. in Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, v262
n1 p266-272 1988. Sponsored by Corvallis Environ-
mental Research Lab., OR.
Formation of 8-hydroxyguanine within calf thymus
DNA has been studied after exposure to uv-H202 as a
hydroxy! free radical generating system. Using high-
pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical
detection, the amount of S-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine
(8-OHdG) was measured. The 8-OHdG content of uv-
exposed DNA increased linearly with increasing H202
levels up to 0.03%, above which the rate of increase
was less than linear. All hydroxyl free radical scaveng-
ers studied (mannitol, ethanol, thiorea, and salicylate),
if present In the system when DNA was exposed to uv-
H202, caused a decrease in the amount of 8-OHdG
formed. Thiourea when incubated with damaged DNA
caused a loss of 8-OHdG when it was an integral part
of DNA. In contrast, thiorea did not react with the nu-
cleoside free in solution. Reduced glutathione did not
cause a decrease of 8-OHdG, either when it was an in-
tegral part of DNA, or as the free nucleoside in solu-
tion. (Copyright (c) 1988 by Academic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Deoxyribonucleic acids, 'Free radicals,
Guanines, Ultraviolet radiation, Hydrogen peroxide,
Ethyl alcohol, Thioureas, Salicylates, Glutathione,
Thymus gland, Sugar alcohols, Scavenging, Reprints,
'Hydroxyguanine, 'Biological radiation effects, Hy-
droxyl radicals, DNA, Cows, Mannitol.
MaS-144570/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Determinatlon of Inorganic and Organotln Com-
sounds In Sea Water by Graphite Furnace Atomic
Absorption Spectrometry (Journal Version). Jour-
nal article,
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Chemistry.
M. Chamasz, and J. D. Winefordner. c1988,8p EPA/
600/J-88/226
Grant EPA-R-813017	.
Pub. In Jnl. of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, v3
p119-123 Jan 88. Sponsored by Environmental Moni-
toring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Inorganic tin and organotin compounds in artificial sea
water were determined at sub-p.p.b. levels. These
compounds are separated from matrix elements in
aqueous solutions by benzene extraction of their
iodide forms from a 2M sulphuric acid-1.5M sodium
iodide solution containing 1 percent m/V ascorbic
acid. The organic phase was partially vaporized to pre-
concentrate the analytes and was injected directly into
the treated graphite tube; the signal was measured by
a Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometer. Using a
matrix modifier, inorganic tin could be directly deter-
mined at sub-p.p.m. levels in the presence of organotin
compounds.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Tin inorganic com-
pounds, 'Tin organic compounds, Spectrometers,
'Spectrum analysis, 'Toxicity, 'Sea water, Absorption
spectra, Atomic spectra, Extraction, Atomizing, Haz-
ardous materials, Background radiation, Zeeman
effect, Graphite composites, Reprints, Graphite fur-
nace.
PB89-144588/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Solution Nebullzatlon of Aqueous Samples Into
the Tubular-Electrode Torch Capacltatlvely-Cou-
pled Microwave Plasma (Journal Version). Journal
article,
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Chemistry.
B. M. Patel, J. P. Deavor, and J. D. Winefordner.
c1988,7p EPA/600/J-88/227
Grant EPA-R-813017
Pub. in Talanta, v35 n8 p641-645 1988. Sponsored by
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
The work shows the feasibility of using nebulization for
introduction of aqueous samples into the tubular-torch
capacitatively-coupled microwave plasma (CMP). Pre-
viously, solid electrodes were used with this type of
plasma, in which analyte carrier and plasma support
gases are premixed and swept around the electrode
tip. With the new design, the analyte carrier gas
passes through the center of the hollow tubular elec-
trode and mixes with the plasma support gas at the tip
of the electrode where the plasma is formed. Sample
solutions are nebulized with a Meinhard nebulizer and
laboratory-constructed spray chamber and desolva-
tion system. The tubular torch is made of tantalum.
Plasma gases investigated include argon, helium and
nitrogen. Typical operating powers are 300-350 W.
Elements studied include Ag, Al, Ba, Ca. Cd, Cr, Cs,
Cu, K, LI, Na, Pb, Sr and Zn. (Copyright (c) 1988 Perga-
mon Press pic.)
Keywords: 'Spectrochemical analysis, 'Atomizing,
Emission spectroscopy, Feasibility, Reprints, 'Capaci-
tatlvely coupled microwave plasma, Aqueous solu-
tions, Argon plasma, Helium plasma, Nitrogen plasma,
Atomizanon.
PB89-144596/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Evaluation of Fuaed-SIIIca Capillary Columns for
GC/ECD (Gas Chromatography with Electron
Capture Detection) Analysis of Chlorinated Hy-
drocarbons Usted In EPA (Environmental Protec-
tion Agency) Method 8120 (Journal Version). Jour-
nal article,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Environmental Sys-
tems Div.
V. Lopez-Avila, N. Dodhiwala, and W. F. Beckert.
C1988,10p EPA/800/J-88/228
Contract EPA-68-03-3226
Pub. in Jnl. of High Resolution Chromatography and
Chromatography Communications 11, p234-24l 1988.
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Four mega-bore, one wide-bore, and one narrow-bore
fused-silica capillary columns were evaluated for their
applicability to the GC/ECD analysis of 22 chlorinated
hydrocarbons, some of which are currently targeted by
EPA Method 8120. No one column can resolve all 22
compounds. Four compounds (two pairs) are coeluting
on the SPB-35, DB-210, DB-WAX, and DB-519 fused-
silica capillary columns, five compounds (two groups)
are coeluting on the DB-1301 fused-silica capillary
column, and ten compounds (five pairs) are coeluting
on the SPB-5 fused-silica capillary column. The analy-
sis time varies between 30 and 50 min. The order of
elution of the chlorinated benzenes seems to depend
on their boiling points rather than on the polarity of the
liquid phase. The retention times of an additional nine
chlorinated toluenes, eight chlorinated xylenes, and
five chlorinated naphthalenes are also reported. Elec-
tron capture detector linearity is reported for the DB-
210 fused-silica capillary column. Five brominated
compounds were investigated as possible internal
standards for Method 8120. (Copyright (C) 1988, Dr.
Alfred Huethig Publishers.)
Keywords: 'Chromatographic analysis, Gas chroma-
tography, 'Chlorohydrocarbons, 'Bromohydrocar-
bons, 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste disposal,
Chemical analysis, Electron capture, Toluene, Naph-
thalene, Xylene, Evaluation, Reprints, 'Fused silica
capillary.
PB89-144620/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Development of Criteria for Fine Sediment In the
Northern Rockies Ecoregion. Final rept.,
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
D. W. Chapman, and K. P. McLeod. 10 Mar 87,287p
EPA/910/9-87/162
Contract EPA-68-01 -6986
Prepared in cooperation with Chapman (Don) Consult-
ants, Inc., Boise, ID. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Seattle, WA. Region X.
A critical review of sedimentation criteria, the report
develops management techniques for instream eval-
uation of sedimentation. It is divided into sections on
the environments for reproduction and for rearing,
winter ecology, fine sediments and channel morpholo-
gy, tools for prediction of effects of fines, a discussion
section on genetic risk, biological compensation and
limiting factors, and a treatment of predictors and man-
agement regulation.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Fresh water fishes, 'Stream
pollution, 'Bed load, Substrates,
Reproduction(Biology), Oxygen, Dissolved gases, Par-
ticle size, Traps, Aquatic animals, Genetics, Risk, Land
use, Embryos, 'Habitats, Geomorphology.
PB89-144646/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Characteristics of Acidic Lakes In the Eastern
United States (Journal Version). Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. H. Landers, J. M. Eilers, D. F. Brakke, and P. E.
Kellar. c1988,13p EPA/600/ J-88/232
Pub. in Verh. Internet. Verein. Limnol., v23 p152-162
Jan 88. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Serv-
ices, Inc., Corvallis, OR., Western Washington Univ.,
Bellingham, and Radian Corp., Research Triangle
Park, NO.
Acidic lakes are found in many regions of the world
and are especially common in those regions of the
temperate northern hemisphere that have received
high levels of acidic deposition during the last several
decades. The National Lake Survey was a one-time
fall sampling of lakes in regions of the United States
suspected of containing lakes susceptible to acidic
deposition. The sample Takes were statistically select-
ed from all lakes identified on medium-scale topo-
graphic maps to permit population estimates to be cal-
culated of the charactenstics of lakes in the target pop-
ulations in the regions sun/eyed. Acidic lakes were de-
fined as those lakes with acid neutralizing capacity
(ANC) < or = 0 (as determined by Gran analysis).
This definition is limiting in that only the lakes with no
remaining ANC are included. It is clear that lakes with
ANC > 0 may be acidic based on pH; however, the ra-
tionale for defining other or additional categories of
acidic lakes is beyond the scope of the presentation.
(Copyright (c) 1988 E. Schweizerbart'sche Veriags-
bucnhandlung.)
Keywords: 'Lakes, 'Acidification, Water analysis, pH,
Watersheds,	Air	pollution,
Concentratk>n(Composition), Sites, Limnology, Sam-
pling, Aluminum, Reprints, 'Eastern Region(United
States), 'Water pollution sampling, 'Air-water interac-
tions, Water pollution detection, Acid rain, Acid neu-
tralizing capacity, Dissolved organic matter.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB89-144653/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Characteristics of Lakes In Mountainous Areas of
the Western United States (Journal Version). Jour-
nal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. M. Eilers, D. F. Brakke, D. H. Landers, and P. E.
Kellar. c1988,11p EPA/600/J-88/240
Pub. in Verb. Intemati. Verein. Limnol., v23 p144-151
1988. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services,
Inc., Corvallis, OR., Western Washington Univ.. Bel-
ling ham, and Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park,
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) initi-
ated the National Lake Survey to quantify the number,
location, and characteristics of lakes in the United
States with little or no acid neutralizing capacity (ANC).
Presumably, the lakes with low ANC are at greatest
risk to acidification from atmospheric deposition. In
autumn 1984, EPA sampled 1792 lakes in the eastern
United States; those results are reported in Linthurst et
al. (1986). The companion project of the Eastern Lake
Survey is the Western Lake Survey, conducted in
autumn of 1985. The purpose of the paper is to
present results of the Western Lake Survey and to il-
lustrate the characteristics of these lakes in the con-
text of acidic deposition impacts. (Copyright (c) 1988
E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.)
Keywords: 'Lakes, 'Acidification, 'Water pollution, Air
pollution.	Sites,	Sampling,
Concentration(Composition), pH, Limnology,
Tables(Data), Reprints, 'Western Region(United
States), *Air-water interactions, "Acid neutralizing ca-
pacity, 'Water pollution sampling, Baseline measure-
ments.
PB89-144661/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Eastern Lake Survey: Regional Estimates of Lake
Chemistry (Journal version). Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. H. Landers, W. S. Overton, R. A. Linthurst, and D F
Brakke. c1988,11 p EPA/600/J-88/241
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology v22
n2 p128-135 1988. See also PB87-110375. Prepared
in cooperation with Western Washington Univ., Bel-
lingnam, and Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.
Eastern Lake Survey was conducted by the US
EPA in the fall of 1984. Lakes were selected at
random, based on a rigorous statistical design that
Pf""™ estimates of the chemical and physical status
of lake populations in specified regions of the survey.
Complete chemical characterization was performed on
water samples from each lake and a detailed quality
assurance and quality control program was an integral
part of the study and resulting data base. Three re-
8ions of the Eastern U.S. were defined (Northeast,
ipper Midwest, and Southeast) in which a total of
1612 lakes was sampled. In the Northeast, 4.6 percent
(326 lakes) were estimated to be acidic (i.e., acid neu-
tralizing capacity (ANC) < or = to 0.0 micro eq/l),
while 60 percent (4258 lakes) had ANC < or = to 200
micro equiv/l. In the Upper Midwest, 1.7 percent (148
lakes) were estimated to be acidic, with 41.4 percent
(3518 lakes) having ANC < or = to 200 micro equiv/l.
The unique survey design provides a framework for in-
terpreting current and future aquatic research on re-
gional basis.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Lakes, Water
quality, Acidification, Samples, Aquatic biology,
Concentration(Composition)t Water chemistry, Quality
control, Quality assurance, Reprints, 'Eastern
Region(United States), 'Water quality data.
PB89-144679/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Evaluation of the Role of Sea Salt impute In the
Lono-Tarm Acidification of Coastal Naw England
Lakes (Journal Version). Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
T. J. Sullivan, C. T. Driscoll, J. M. Eilers, and D. H.
Landers. C1988,8p EPA/600/J-88/234
Contract EPA-68-03-3246
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v22
p185-190 Feb 88. Prepared in cooperation witn Syra-
cuse Univ., NY. Dept. of Civil Engineering. Sponsored
by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Input ol neutral salt (NaCI) from sea spray, followed by
Na(sup -t-)-H(sup +) exchange within the soil ex-
change complex, has been proposed as an important
factor in surface water acidification of coastal areas.
1240 Vol. 90, No. 24
This hypothesis was tested on a regional basis by
comparing the Na:CI ratio of lake water with that of
precipitation for the coastal lakes included in the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency Eastern Lake
Survey-I in New England. The precipitation Na:CI ratio
closely approximated that of seawater at monitoring
stations located within approximately 20 km of the
coast. Few lakes in this coastal region exhibited a
Na:CI ratio less than that observed in precipitation.
Those lakes that were acidic (ANC less than or = 0)
showed no tendency toward a lowered Na:CI ratio.
Sodium contribution from, rather than retention by, wa-
tershed soils was suggested by the data from these
lakes. Although episodic acidification of runoff due to
NaCI deposition may occur, there is little support for
the neutral salt effect being an important long-term aci-
difying process in Northeastern lakes. (Copyright (c)
1988 by the American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Lakes, 'Coasts, 'Sodium
chloride, Surface waters, Sea breezes, Inorganic salts,
Salt water, Sea water, Ion exchanging, Soil chemistry,
Reprints, Northeastern Region(United States).
PB89-144687/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Acute Elevation of Blood Carboxyhemoglobin to
6% Impairs Exercise Performance and Aggra-
vates Symptoms In Patients with Ischemic Heart
Disesse (Journal Version). Journal article,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
K. F. Adams, G. Koch, B. Chatterjee, G. M. Goldstein,
and J. J. O'Neil. c1988,12p EPA/600/ J-88/267
Pub. in Jnl. of the American College of Cardiology, v12
P900-909 1988. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Acute exposure to carbon monoxide has the potential
to impair exercise capacity in patients with ischemic
heart disease. We studied the effect of inhalation of
this compound sufficient to gradually produce a level
of 6% carboxyhemoglobin in 30 non-smoking patients
with obstructive coronary artery disease and evidence
of exercise induced ischemia. On the carbon monox-
ide day, mean post exposure carboxyhemoglobin was
5.9 + or -1 % compared to 1.6 + or - 0.1 % (p is less
than .01) after air exposure. The results demonstrate
earlier onset of ventricular dysfunction, angina, and
poorer exercise performance in patients with ischemic
heart disease after acute carbon monoxide exposure
sufficient to increase carboxyhemoglobin to 6%.
(Copyright (c) 1988 By the American College of Cardi-
ology.)
Keywords: 'Carbon monoxide, 'Coronary artery dis-
ease, *Exercise(Physiology), Aortic insufficiency, Is-
chemia, Tables(Data), Heart function tests, Toxicity,
Angina pectoris, Exposure, Reprints, 'Carboxyhemog-
lobin, 'Air pollution effects(Humous), Ventricular out-
flow obstruction.
PB89-14469S/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
National Crop Loss Assessment Network: Quality
Assurance Program (Journal Version). Journal arti-
cle,
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
D. S. Coffey. J. C. Sprenger, D. T. Tingey, G. E. Neely,
and J. C. McCarty. C1988,13p EPA/600/J-88/250
Contract EPA-68-03-3246
Pub. in Environmental Pollution, v53 p89-98 1988. See
also PB88-180724. Sponsored by Corvallis Environ-
mental Research Lab., OR.
A quality assurance program was incorporated into the
National Crop Loss Assessment Network (NCLAN)
program, designed to assess the economic impacts of
gaseous air pollutants on major agricultural crops in
the United States. The quality assurance program de-
veloped standardized research and monitoring proto-
cols among sites, and included a range of audit and
review procedures. The goal was to quantitatively de-
scribe the overall quality of data collected in terms of
precision, accuracy, completeness, representative-
ness, and comparability. Project data quality objectives
were valuable for determining the acceptability of data
from diverse sites. Standardized protocols ensured
data comparability among research sites. Independent
on-site audits served to evaluate protocol adherence,
and precision and accuracy measurements provided a
way to assess data quality, determine data acceptabil-
ity and indicate the need for instrument adjustment or
repair. (Copyright (c) 1988 Elsevier Applied Science
Publishers Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Quality assurance, 'Farm crops,
'Forecasting, Data, Research management, Surveys!
Economic impact, Assessments, Tables(Data), Sites,
Reprints, 'National Crop Loss Assessment
Network(NLAN), 'Air pollution effects(Plants), Envi-
ronmental monitoring.
PB89-144976/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Combined Effects of Ozone and Water Stress on
Alfalfa Growth and Yield (Journal Version). Journal
article,
California Univ., Riverside.
P. J. Temple, L. F. Benoit, R. W. Lennox, C. A. Reagan,
and O. C. Taylor. c1988,9p EPA/600/J-88/256
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality, v17 n1 p108-113
Jan-Mar 88. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., OR.
The interactive effects of ozone (03) and water stress
on alfalfa were studied to determine how water stress
could alter these functions, and to describe the cumu-
lative effects of multiple-year exposures to 03 on this
perennial crop. Water stress reduced total seasonal
yield about 10% in 1984 and 27% in 1985. Ozone sig-
nificantly reduced yields in both years, and the interac-
tion between 03 and water stress was statistically sig-
nificant in 1985 and for combined 1984 and 1985
years. Ozone dose-alfalfa yield loss functions were ho-
mogeneous between 1984 and 1985 and no evidence
of a cumulative effect of multiple-year exposure to 03
was found on top growth. However, crown (under-
ground stem) weights were significantly reduced by
03, suggesting that continued exposure to 03 could
shorten the productive life of alfalfa stands, in addition
to its effect on yield. (Copyright (c) 1988 ASA, CSSA.
SSSA.)	'
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Stress(Physiology), 'Droughts
Yield, Plant growth, Soil water. Oxygen, Mathematicai
models, Forecasting, Farm crops, Reprints, 'Alfalfa,
Medicago sativa, Air pollution effects(Plants), Dose-re-
sponse relationships.
PB89-144984/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Influence of Phosgene Inhalation on Extrapul-
monary Effects in Mice (Journal Version). Journal
article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. W. Illing, M. L. Mole, J. A. Graham, T. B. Williams
and M. Menache. C1988,10p EPA/600/J-88/252 '
Pub. in Inhalation Toxicology, Premier Issue, p13-20
Nov 88. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Serv-
ices, Inc./Environmental Sciences, Research Trianola
Park, NC.	™
Results were: exposure of mice for 4 hours to phos-
gene concentrations ranging from 0.1 ppm to 0.5 ppm
resulted in a significant increase in pentobarbital-in-
duced sleeping time vs. air-exposed animals. Blood
pentobarbital levels were measured following a 4 hr
exposure to 0.5 ppm phosgene. Although there were
no significant differences m the slopes of the clear-
ance curves for phosgene- and air-exposed animals
the half life of pentobarbital was increased by 35% in
separate studies, cytochrome P-450, body weights
and liver weights were determined for mice ""nonad to
0.5 ppm phosgene or to filtered air for 4 hrs. No differ-
ences were observed for any of the measurements.
These results suggest that phosgene has extract*,
monary effects without causing direct effects onthe
cytochrome P-450 levels. (Copyright (c) 1988 HanZ
sphere Publishing Corp.)	""v*
Keywords: 'Phosgene, 'Toxicity, 'Hazardous materi-
als, Sleep disorders, Acid halides, Phenobarbital Ex-
posure, Mice, Laboratory animals, Liver, Gases'Pol.
sons, Military chemical agents, Reprints, 'Toxic' aub-
stances, Air pollution effects(Animals), Inhalation, Oc-
cupational safety and health, Cytochrome P-450
PB89-144SS2/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR,
Experimental Design Strategy lor the Welhi*
Dose Response Model (Journal Version). Journal
article,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
K. A. Dassel, and J. O. Rawlings. c19B8,11 p EPA/
600/J-88/248
Pub. in Environmental Pollution, v53 p333-349 1988.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
The objective of the research was to determine opti-
mum design point allocation for estimation of relative
Meld losses from ozone pollution when the true and
fitted yield-ozone dose response relationship follows
the Weibull. The optimum design is dependent on the
values of the Weibull model parameters. A transforma-
tion was developed which allowed the optimum design
(by the determinant criterion) for one parametric situa-
tion to be translated to any other, and permitted the
search for optimum designs to be restricted to one set
of Weibull parameters. Optimum designs were deter-
mined for the case where the Weibull parameters are
assumed known, and effects of deviating from the opti-
mum designs were investigated. Several alternative
design strategies were considered for protecting
against incorrectly guessing the Weibull model param-
eters when their true values are not known. (Copyright
(c) 1988 Elsevier Applied Science Publishers Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Mathematical models, 'Weibull
density functions, 'Farm crops, Yield, Forecasting, Ex-
perimental design, Oxygen, Agricultural economics,
Reprints, 'Air pollution effects(Plants), 'Dose-re-
sponse relationships.
PBS9-145007/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Us* of Krlging to Estimate Monthly Ozone Expo-
cure Parameters (or the Southeastern United
State* (Journal Version). Journal article,
A.S.L. and Associates, Helena, MT.
A. S. Lefohn, H. P. Knudsen, and L. R. McEvoy. C1988,
11p EPA/600/J-88/249
Pub. in Environmental Pollution, v53 p27-421988. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Montana Coll. of Mineral Sci-
ence and Technology, Butte. Sponsored by Corvallis
Environmental Research Lab., OR.
The paper explores the feasibility of (1) using kriging to
predict the monthly mean of daily 7-h mean (0900-
1559) 03 concentrations, (2) using kriging to estimate
the percent of hourly mean 03 concentrations equal to
or greater than 0.07 ppm (137 microg/cu m) for a spe-
cific month, and (3) developing a quantitative relation-
ship between the monthly mean of the daily 7-h (0900-
1559) average 03 concentration and the monthly
number of hourly concentrations greater than or =
0.08 ppm (157 microg/cu m). The large uncertainties
will make it difficult to accurately estimate vegetation
effects caused by ambient levels of 03. However, if a
generalized quantitative relationship between repeat-
ed occurrences of hourly mean concentrations greater
than or - 0.07 or greater than or = 0.08 ppm and
vegetation effects can be developed, it may be possi-
ble using kriged monthly values accompanied with
confidence intervals, to identify those areas where
vegetation may be at risk. However, before it will be
possible to implement such an approach, researchers
will have to better quantify the relationship between re-
alistic 03 exposures and vegetation effects. (Copyright
(c) 1988 Elsevier Applied Science Publishers Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Ozone, Farm crops, Feasibility studies,
Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Vegetation,
Sites, Forests, Graphs(Charts), Reprints, 'Southeast-
ern Regk>n(United States), 'Air pollution sampling,
'Air pollution effects(Plants), 'Kriging.
PBW-146016/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
influence of Ozone Exposure Dynamics on the
Growth and Yield of Kidney Bean (Journal Ver-
sion). Journal article,
Boyce Thompson Inst, for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY.
R J. Kohut, J. A Laurence, and L. J. Colavlto. c1968,
8p EPA/600/J-88/247
Pub. in Environmental Pollution, v53 p79-88 1988.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
A fMd experiment was conducted in open-top cham-
bers to assess the importance of peak exposure con-
centration and exposure frequency on the responses
of kidney bean plants to 03. There were five treat-
ments In the study: charcoal-filtered air, constant ex-
posure to 0.05 ppm 03 (131 mtcrograms/cu m) daily,
fluctuating exposure to 0.08 ppm 03 on three alternate
days, cluster exposure to 0.08 ppm 03 on three con-
secutive days, and peak exposure to 0.12 ppm 03 on
two consecutive days. There were no significant ef-
fects of the 03-addition treatments on yield when com-
pared to the plants receiving charcoal-filtered air. This
indicates that there were no cumulative impacts on
plants exposed to 0.12 ppm 03 for 4h on two consecu-
tive days followed by filtered air compared to plants re-
ceiving charcoal-filtered air. The seasonal 7-h average
concentrations of 03 in the peak and filtered air treat-
ments were approximately 0.040 and 0.025 ppm, re-
spectively. (Copyright (c) 1988 Elsevier Science Pub-
lishers B.V.)
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Bean plants, Biomass, Plant
growth, Yield, Exposure, Field tests, Oxygen, Reprints,
Dose-response relationships, 'Air pollution
effects(Plants), Phaseolus vulgaris, Kidney bean
plants.
PB89-145023/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Chronic Effects of Contaminated Sediment on
'Daphnla magna' and 'Chironomus tentans' (Jour-
nal Version). Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A. V. Nebeker, S. T. Onjukka, and M. A. Cairns. 1988,
10p EPA/600/J-88/242
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v41 P574-581 1988.
Chronic tests were conducted with Daphnia magna
(cladoceran) and Chironomus tentans (midge) to de-
termine their usefulness as test organisms for chronic
sediment assays, and to estimate the potential long-
term impact of contaminated freshwater sediments
and contaminated Superfund site soils on freshwater
invertebrates. These two species have been used suc-
cessfully in acute sediment tests and have been
shown to be useful in chronic tests in water.
Keywords: 'Cladocera, 'Diptera, 'Sediments, 'Toxici-
ty, 'Indicator species, Bioassay, Hazardous materials,
Exposure, Soil analysis, Freshwater biology, Reprints,
'Chironomus tentans, 'Daphnia magna, 'Water pollu-
tion effects(Animals), Superfund program, Sanitary
landfills.
PB89-145031/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparative Toxicity Based on Similar Asymptot-
ic Endpoints (Journal Veralon). Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
M. A. Shirazi, and L. Lowrie. c1988,10p EPA/600/J-
88/243
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v17 p273-280 1988. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
Results of the laboratory tests are used in assessing
the environmental risk of exposure to industrial chemi-
cals. The combined effects of dose-level exposure and
time-duration exposure are tested in the laboratory,
but only a single endpolnt reflecting the dose-level ex-
posure at the end of the test period is routinely report-
ed and used. At times, this might be sufficient, or the
data otherwise inappropriate for calculation of more
than a single endpoint. Nevertheless, an approach that
makes a more complete use of existing sufficient test
information is needed. One method is presented in the
paper, the focus of which is the evaluation of an LC50
endpoint at a calculated exposure time. This calcula-
tion determines a condition for the toxicity curve to
become established along the time axis. The authors
refer to this condition of the dose-response curve as
an asymptotic state and the LC50 calculated from it as
the asymptotic LC50. An analysis of 152 toxicity tests
using fathead minnows show that the 96-hr LC50 is
25% more conservative than the asymptotic LC50.
The calculation of LC5Q under asymptotic conditions
better enables comparing toxicities of different chemi-
cals on the basis of comparable dose-level and time-
duration exposures. (Copyright (c) 1988 Springer-
Verlag New York Inc.)
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Industrial wastes, *Asympto«c
series, 'Chemical compounds, 'Water pollution, Dose
rate, Exposure, Comparison, Assessments, Statistical
analysis, Reprints, 'water pollution effects(Animals),
Dose-response relationships, Fathead minnow*.
PBM-145049/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Evaluation of Ozone Exposure Indices in Expo-
sure-Response Modeling (Journal Version). Jour-
nal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
E. H. Lee, D. T. Tingey, and W. E. Hogsett. c1988,13p
EPA/600/J-88/244
Contract EPA-68-03-3246
Pub. in Environmental Pollution, v53 p43-62 1988.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
In exposure-response modeling, a major concern is
the numerical definition of exposure in relating crop
loss to 03, yet few indices have been considered. The
paper addresses research in which plant growth was
regressed for soybean, wheat, cotton, corn, and sor-
ghum against 613 numerical exposure indices using
the Box-Tidwell model. The top-performing general-
ized, phenologically weighted, cumulative impact indi-
ces accumulated concentrations emphasizing 03 con-
centrations of 0.06 ppm (118 micrograms/cu m) or
higher, and had phenological weighting schemes with
greatest weight occurring 20 to 40 days prior to crop
maturity. These findings indicate that (1) peak concen-
trations are important, but lower concentrations should
be included in the calculations, (2) increased plant
sensitivity occurs between flowering and maturity, and
(3) plants respond to cumulative exposure impact.
(Copyright (c) Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.)
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Plant growth, 'Mathematical
models, Tables(Data), Oxygen, Yield, Soybean plants.
Wheat plants, Cotton plants, Com, Grain sorghum
plants, Statistical analysis, Exposure, Indexes(Ratios),
Reprints, 'Dose-response relationships, 'Air pollution
effects(Plants).
PB89-145056/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Drilling Fluids and the Arctic Tundra of Alaska:
Assessing Contamination of Wetlands Habitat
and the Toxicity to Aquatic Invertebrates and Fish
(Journal Version). Journal article,
National Fisheries Contaminant Research Center,
Jackson, WY. Jackson Field Station.
D. F. Woodward, E. Snyder-Conn, R. G. Riley, and T.
R, Garland. C1988,17p EPA/600/J-88/246
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v17 p683-697 1988. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland,
WA. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research
Lab., OR.
Drilling for oil on the North Slope of Alaska results in
the release of large volumes of used drilling fluids into
arctic wetlands. These releases usually come from
regulated discharges or seepage from reserve pits
constructed to hold used drilling fluids. A study of five
drill sites and their reserve pits showed an increase in
common and trace elements and organic hydrocar-
bons in ponds near to and distant from reserve pits.
Ions elevated in water were Ba, CI, Cr, K, S04 and Zn.
Concentrations of Cu, Cr, Fe, Pb, and Si in sediments
were higher in near and distant ponds than in control
ponds. The predominant organics in drill site waters
and sediments consisted of aromatic and paraffinlc hy-
drocarbons characteristic of petroleum or a refined
product of petroleum. In 96-hr exposures in the field,
toxicity to Daphnia Middendorffiana was observed in
water from all reserve pits, and from two of five near
ponds, but not from distant ponds. In laboratory tests
with Daphnia magna, growth and reproduction were
reduced in dilutions of 2.5% drilling fluid (2.5 drilling
fluid: 97.5 dilution water) from one reserve pit, and
25% drilling fluid from a second. (Copyright (c) 1988
Springer-Verlag N.Y. Inc.)
Keywords: 'Oil recovery, 'Drilling fluids, 'Tundra, 'En-
vironmental impacts, Aquatic biology, Invertebrates,
Contamination, Toxicity, Fishes, Ecology, Arctic re-
gions, Tables(Data), Trace elements, Aromatic hydro-
carbons, Alkanes, Ions, Reprints, 'Wetlands, Aquatic
ecosystems, Daphnia Middendorffiana, Daphnia
magna.
PB89-146064/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Assessing the Regional Effects of Sulfur DtBBSl
tlon on Surface Water Chemistry: The Southern
Blue Ridge (Journal Version). Journal article.
Northrop Services, Inc., CorvalHs, OR.
K. N. Eshleman, and P. R. Kaufmann. c1968,8p EPA/
600/J-88/245
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Contract EPA-68-03-3246
Prepared In cooperation with Utah Water Research
Lab., Logan. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., OR.
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v22
n6 p685-690 Jun 88.
A method was developed for quantifying the regional
chronic acidification of surface waters which uses syn-
optic survey data and a conceptual titration model of
acidification. The principal assumptions of the model
are that stream waters have been titrated by an
amount of sulfuric acid equivalent to their current
S04(sup -2) concentration and historical pH and acid-
neutralizing capacity (ANC) can be calculated from
current chemical data. The model allows for increases
in S04(sup -2) concentration to be compensated by in-
creased production of base cations through use of a
regional coefficient. Making 'worst case' assumptions,
the median historical decline in ANC and pH in streams
in the Southern Blue Ridge was estimated to be 23
micro equiv/L and 0.09 unit, respectively. An inverse
correlation between the S04 to base cation ratio and
ANC is shown to be consistent with the use of the titra-
tion model. (Copyright (c) 1988 by the American
Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Surface waters, "Acidification, 'Volumet-
ric analysis, "Mathematical models, 'Sulfuric acid, Air
pollution, Assessments, Streams, Lakes, pH, Water
chemistry, Comparison, Concentration(Composition),
Water analysis, Sites, Field tests, Reprints, "Water pol-
lution sampling, "Water pollution detection, Blue Ridge
Mountains, Air-water interactions.
PB89-145072/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
High Concentrations of Sodium Chloride Induce a
'Positive' Response at the TK Locus of L5178Y/
TK(+)/(-)Mouse Lymphoma Cell* (Journal Ver-
sion). Journal article,
Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
M. M. Moore, and K. H. Brock. c1988,6p EP A/600/J-
88/239
Contract EPA-68-02-4456
Pub. in Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis,
V12 P265-268 1988. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC. Genetic
Toxicology Div.
The experiment with sodium chloride demonstrates
the importance of carefully evaluating weak mutagenic
responses observed with high concentrations of test
compounds. The positive mutagenicity is likely not due
to a direct interaction with DNA but from some indirect
mechanism resulting from the extremely nonphysiolo-
gical condition of the test. A 'blind testing scheme"
might conclude that sodium chloride should be tested
in the rodent bioassay. For short-term tests to be
useful, all results must be carefully analyzed and eval-
uated using all available information including the likeli-
hood that the test conditions may impact the outcome.
To do otherwise compromises the utility of the particu-
lar test systems.
Keywords: "Sodium chloride, "Bioassay, 'Cytology,
Mice, Toxicity, Thymidines, Reprints, Mutagenicity
tests, Stem cells.
PB89-146288/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 96.1: Dlazlnon.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 88,11 p EPA/540/FS-89/015
See also PB87-116505.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred: Issuance or reissuance
of a registration standard; Issuance of each special
review document; Registration of a significantly
changed use pattern; Registration of a new chemical;
or An immediate need for information to resolve con-
troversial issues relating to a specific chemical or use
pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, Insecticides, Phosphorous organic
acid esters, "Toxic substances, "Diazinon, Path of pol-
lutants, Chemical information fact sheet, Use patterns,
Science findings, CAS 333-41-5, Phosphorothioates,
Phosphorous organic compounds.
PB89-146294/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistratlon of Pesticide
Products Containing Dlazlnon as the Active Ingre-
dient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 88,197p EPA/540/RS-89/016
See also P889-146286.
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing diazinon as
the active ingredient. Contents include: Description of
Diazinon; Use profile; Registration history; Health ef-
fects assessment; Ecological effects assessment; En-
vironmental and human exposure assessment; Toler-
ance reassessment; Regulatory position and rationale;
Products subject to this standard; Requirements for
submittal of generic data, product-specific data, and
revised labeling; Instructions for submittal; and Appen-
dices for data labelling, bibliographies and forms.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Standards, "Guidelines, Ge-
netics, Packaging, Labels, Marking, Hazardous materi-
als, Agricultural products, Manufacturing, Public
health. Regulations, Tables(Data), Phosphorous or-
ganic acid esters, Pyrimidines, Insecticides, "Reregis-
tratlon, "Diazinon, "Toxic substances, Phosphorous
organic compounds, Federal Insecticide Fungicide
and Rodenticide Act, CAS 333-41-5, Phosphoroth-
ioates.
PB89-148076/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste Physi-
cal/Chemical Methods. First Update. (3rd Edition),
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Jan 88,771 p EPA/530/SW-846.3-1
See also PB88-239223.
The proposed Update is for 'Test Methods for Evaluat-
ing Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods,' SW-
846, Third Edition. Attached to the report is a list of
methods included in the proposed update indicating
whether the method is a new method, a partially re-
vised method, or a totally revised method. Do not dis-
card or replace any of the current pages in the SW-846
manual until the proposed update I package is promul-
gated. Until promulgation of the update package, the
methods in the update package are not officially part of
the SW-846 manual and thus do not carry the status of
EPA-approved methods. In addition to the proposed
Update, six finalized methods are included for immedi-
ate inclusion into the Third Edition of SW-846. Four
methods, originally proposed October 1, 1984, will be
finalized in a soon to be released rulemaking. They
are, however, being submitted to subscribers for the
first time in the update. These methods are 7211,
7381,7461, and 7951. Two other methods were final-
ized in the 2nd Edition of SW-846. They were inadver-
tantly omitted from the 3rd Edition and are not being
proposed as new. These methods are 7081 and 7761.
Keywords'. 'Solid wastes, 'Sampling, "Test methods,
Manuals, Chemical analysis, Evaluation, Standards,
Collection methods, Hazardous materials, Chemical
composition, Ground water, Regulations, Organic
compounds, Corrosion tests, Ignition, Toxicity, Sludge,
* Environmental monitoring, Land disposal, Path of pol-
lutants.
PB89-148258/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Alerting the Apathetic and Reassuring the
Alarmed: Communicating About Radon Risk In
Three Communitiss. Final rept.,
Cook Coll., New Brunswick, NJ.
C. Chess, and B. J. Hance. 1 Aug 88,59p EPA/230/
08-88/036
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Policy, Planning and Eval-
uation.
Public reaction to the risk from radon varied widely in
three communities chosen for qualitative analysis. In
Boyertown, PA, some residents were very alarmed but
most were apathetic toward this newly identified envi-
ronmental risk. In Clinton, NJ, residents were con-
cerned and worked with the mayor and the state to de-
termine whether they were at risk and to disseminate
information about mitigation of high indoor radon
levels. Residents in Vernon, New Jersey were very
alarmed and actively opposed the state's decision to
site low-level radium wastes there. The qualitative
study examines why reactions differed among the
three communities, and extracts lessons for communi-
cating about the risk from radon. These lessons should
apply to communicating about other environmental
hazards to individuals and communities.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Public opinion, 'Communications
management, 'Risk, Pennsylvania, New Jersey,
'Public health education. Mitigation, Citizen participa-
tion, Case studies.
PB89-148286/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Heart Disease Patients' Averting Behavior, Coats
of Illness, and Willingness to Pay to Avoid Angina
Episodes. Final rept.,
California Univ., Irvine. Graduate School of Manage-
ment.
L. G. Chestnut, S. D. Colome, L. R. Keller, W. E.
Lambert, and B. Ostro. Oct 88,379p* EPA/230/10-
88/042
Prepared in cooperation with RCG/Hagler, Bailiy, Inc.,
Washington, DC. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Policy, Plan-
ning and Evaluation.
Insufficient blood flow to the heart muscle will cause
low-oxygen stress, which may be manifested as an-
ginal pain. Oxygen delivery may be impaired by expo-
sure to the air pollutant carbon monoxide causing epi-
sodes of angina. The report presents an economic
model of behavior for an individual's health and re-
sponse to environmental pollution. In a pilot test, data
was collected from a sample of 50 men with heart dis-
ease. Cost of illness measures were computed to in-
clude lost work time and expenditures to avoid angina.
Contingent valuation methods were used to elicit will-
ingness to pay for avoiding additional angina. Results
from the alternative approaches are compared, and
recommendations are provided for a more representa-
tive study.
Keywords: 'Avoidance responses, 'Human behavior,
'Angina pectoris, Males, Carbon monoxide, Heart dis-
eases, Air pollution, Economic impact, "Health care
costs, 'Primary prevention.
PB89-148274/HSU	PC A04/MF AOI
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Reduction of Volstile Organic Compound Emis-
slons from the Application of Traffic Markings.
Final rept,
Midwest Research Inst., Carv, NC.
G. A. Aurand, M. B. Turner, C. J. Athey, and R. M.
Neulicht. Aug 88,53p EPA/450/3-88/007
Contract EPA-68-02-4379
See also PB89-148282. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Traditional traffic marking materials (solvent-bom*
paints) are a source of volatile organic compound
(VOC) emissions. The study was conducted to evalu-
ate alternative traffic marking techniques that can be
used to reduce VOC emissions from this source. The
document provides information on traffic marking ap-
plication processes, VOC emissions and emission re-
ductions, and costs associated with the alternative
marking techniques. The primary conclusions from the
study are: (1) the use of available low-and zero-VOC
alternatives can result in VOC emission reductions
ranging from 15% to 100%; (2) the annualized coats
for the alternative marking techniques are less than or
equivalent to those for traditional solvent-borne paints:
and (3) the performance of the alternative markings is
equivalent to or better than that of traditional solvent-
borne paints.
Keywords: 'Spray painting, 'Solvents, Highways.
Public health, Air pollution abatement, Paints, Subs«£
tutes, Evaluation, Chemical analysis, 'Volatile organic
compounds(VOCs), 'Risk assessment, 'Pavement
markings.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PBW-148282/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Reduction of Volatile Organic Compound Emis-
sion* from Automobile Refinishing,
Midwest Research Inst., Cary, NC.
C. Athey, C. Hester, M. McLaughlin, R. M. Neulicht,
and M. B. Turner. Oct 88,98p EPA/450/3-88/009
Contract EPA-68-02-4379
See also PB89-148274. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Automobile refinishing (repainting) is a source of vola-
tile organic compound (VOC) emissions. The study
was conducted to evaluate available techniques that
can be used to reduce VOC emissions from this
source. The document provides information on the
steps involved in the refinishing process which result in
emissions, available emission reduction techniques,
VOC emission levels, VOC emission reductions, and
costs associated with the reduction techniques. Tech-
niques investigated include (1) reduced-VOC cleaners,
(2) replacement of lacquers with enamels, (3) replace-
ment of enamels with polyurethanes, (4) replacement
Of solvent-borne primers with waterborne primers, (5)
replacement of conventional clearcoats with higher-
solids clearcoats, (6) installation of cleanup solvent re-
covery systems, (7) replacement of conventional spray
guns with higher transfer efficiency equipment, and (8)
add-on controls. The primary conclusions from the
study are: (1) the use of available techniques could
result in VOC emission reductions ranging from 3-50%
of the current estimated baseline emissions from typi-
cal refinishing shops; and (2) the annualized costs tor
many of the available techniques are less than the
cost of current practices.
Keywords: 'Spray painting, 'Automobile bodies, 'Sol-
vents, "Air pollution abatement, Paints, Substitutes,
Evaluation, Chemical analysis, 'Volatile organic
compounds(VOCs), 'Risk assessment, Occupational
safety and health.
PB89-148308/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planningand Standards.
Hospital Waste Combustion Study Data Gathering
Phase. Final rept. Apr 87-Aug 88.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Deo 88,200(3* DCN-88-239-001 -30-12, EPA/450/3-
88/017
Contract EPA-68-02-4330
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The report contains the results of a study of air emis-
sions from hospital waste combustion. These results
will allow the EPA to assess the need for and feasibility
of regulating multipoilutant emissions from hospital
waste combustion. Information was gathered from
State and local environmental agencies, equipment
vendors, the open technical literature, the American
Hoapital Association, and visits to three incineration fa-
cilities. Information was sought concerning feed char-
acteristics, combustor designs and operating charac-
teriatics, emissions of air pollutants, applied and po-
tential control technology, numbers and locations of
hospital waste combustors, and applicable regula-
tions. The report provides a description of the industiy
and characterization of hospital waste, information
about the processes and equipment used for hospital
waste combustion, data concerning air pollutants emit-
ted from hospital waste incinerators and their forma-
tion in the combustion process, a discussion of air pol-
lution control techniques and possible control efficien-
cies a summary of regulations affecting hospital waste
combustion and model plants for EPA's use in assess-
ing regulatory strategies.
Keywords: 'Combustion products, 'Waste disposal,
•Hospital*. 'Air pollution, Regulations, State govern-
ment, Local government, Incinerators, Air pollution
control, Design criteria, Feasibility, Organic com-
pounds, Acidify, Scrubbers, Effectiveness, Fluid filtra-
tion. Fabrics.
PB8S-148316/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
W^^c^^ro^ei^lnBs: Toxic Sediment*-Ap-
proaches to Management, June 18-17,19M,
American Management Systems, inc., Arlington, VA.
R. C. Barrick, T. Ginn, C. Hogue, P. Booth, and L.
Jacobs. Sep 88,176p*
Contract EPA-68-01-7489
Proceedings of workshop held in Arlington, Virginia, on
June 15-17, 1988. Prepared in cooperation with PTI
Environmental Services, Bellevue, WA. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy Analysis.
The focus of this EPA-sponsored workshop was to de-
velop a framework for evaluating various management
strategies aimed at reducing the risks posed by toxic
materials in marine/estuarine riverine sediments.
Areas specifically addressed included: (1) setting ap-
propriate management priorities: (2) selecting best
available management alternatives; and (3) imple-
menting the chosen alternative. Participants were di-
rected to better define the problem, refine questions
that decision-makers should ask, and offer recommen-
dations for improving the process. A series of case
studies was presented that described the nature and
extent of sediment problems and possible manage-
ment solutions. Participants were divided into 3 work-
groups (priority setting, option selection, option imple-
mentation) to develop the management framework.
Results of the workgroup discussions were presented
in a plenary session. Appendices Include: participants,
case study summaries, and overviews of relevant
laws/regulations, and overviews of a related workshop
on contaminated sediments.
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, 'Sediments,
'Hazardous materials, 'Management methods, 'Tox-
icity, 'Meetings, Design criteria, Decision making, Risk
assessment, Case studies, Best management prac-
tice.
PB89-148324/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Capital and O and M Cost Estimates for Attached
Growth Biological Wastewater Treatment Proc-
CWC/HDR Engineers, Dallas, TX.
H. H. Benjes. Jan 89,305p* EPA/600/2-89/003
Contract EPA-68-03-2556
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
Data for projecting process capabilities of attached
growth biological wastewater treatment systems and
procedures for making design calculations are pre-
sented in the report. Carbonaceous oxidation (second-
ary treatment) and single stage nitrification design ex-
amples are given. Information for estimating average
construction costs and operation and maintenance re-
quirements are presented for typical wastewater treat-
ment plants ranging in size from 1 to 100 mgd capac-
ity. Estimated average construction costs and oper-
ation and maintenance requirements for individual unit
processes are related graphically to appropriate single
parameters for each component. Construction costs
are broken down into labor and materials components;
operation and maintenance requirements are given for
labor, energy, and maintenance materials and sup-
plies. The data in the report provide a means of esti-
mating anticipated average performance and costs for
facilities.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Cost analysis, Oper-
ating costs, Maintenance, Construction costs, Biode-
terioration, Design criteria. Biochemical oxyoen
demand, Oxidation, Computation, Tables(Data), Trick-
ling filters, Nitrification, Rotating biological contractors.
PB89-148S71/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Experimental Design and Data Analysis Applica-
ble to Assaya for Monitoring Waterborne Viruses.
Research rept.,
Computer Sciences Corp., Falls Church, VA.
L J. Wymer. Jan 89,79p EPA/600/4-89/002
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Techniques are presented for the statistical treatment
of data obtained from single titration plaque count viral
assays. It Is recommended that the standard statistical
analysis of any such assay include a test for Poisson
distribution of the plaque counts and interval estimates
for titer (in total and by virus type), and proportions rep-
resented by vims types in the sample. Techniques for
Improving the quality of the data are discussed, includ-
ing suggestions to type all viruses from selected bot-
tles rather than randomly selecting plaques for typing,
sample size guidelines, and measures to be taken to
optimize the precision of the assay.
Keywords: 'Experimental design, 'Viruses, 'Statistical
analysis, 'Bioassay, Poisson density functions, Data
acquisition, Environmental tests, Water chemistry,
Quality assurance, 'Plaque assay.
PB89-148589/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Evaluation of the Flux Chamber Method for Meas-
uring Volatile Organic Emissions from Surface Im-
poundments. Final rept.,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A. R. Gholson, X R. Albrltton, and R. K. M. Jayanty.
Jan 89,80p EPA/600/3-89/008
Contract EPA-68-02-4550
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
The research deals with the validation of the flux
chamber method for measuring volatile organic emis-
sions from liquid surfaces in treatment, storage and
disposal facilities (TSDF). A simulated surface im-
poundment was constructed so that method precision
and accuracy could be determined under controlled
conditions. Operational parameters studied included
sweep flow rate, sampling time, sweep flow position
and chamber depth in the liquid. Environmental factors
included wind velocity, solar intensity, emission rate,
and chemical composition. Field testing was per-
formed at two TSDFs, a wastewater treatment facility
at a chemical plant, and a waste stabilization facility.
The results showed that good precision can be ob-
tained under a variety of conditions, but that the
method suffers from a negative bias that varies with
the compound under analysis.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
'Waste treatment, 'Gas sampling, Field tests, Sites,
ConcentrationfComposition), Sampling, Performance
evaluation, Storage, 'Volatile organic compounds,
'Surface impoundment, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Air
samplers, 'Liquid wastes, 'Flux chamber method, En-
vironmental factors, Environmental monitoring.
PB89-148697/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Mountain Cloud Chemistry Project: Wet Dry and
Cloud Water Deposition,
State Univ. of New York at Albany. Atmospheric Sci-
ences Research Center.
V. A. Mohnen. Jan 89,87p EPA/600/3-89/009
Grant EPA-R-813934
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
The report is the second in a series of annual summa-
ries of research on the deposition of airborne chemi-
cals to forest canopies and the forest floor in eastern
North America. The report is based on observations
and model estimates of atmospheric deposition at high
elevation sites in the eastern United States. The report
is produced by the scientists in the Mountain Cloud
Chemistry Program. One of the major objectives of the
research is to characterize regional (mainly longitudi-
nal) and eievational variability In the amounts of air-
borne chemicals transferred from the atmosphere into
the spruce-fir and other forest ecosystems that cover
high elevation sites in the Appalachian Mountains of
the eastern part of North America.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Ozone, 'Sulfur, 'Atmos-
pheric composition, 'Forest land,
Clouds(Meteorology), Aerosols, Chemical analysis.
Elevation, Mathematical models, Wind velocity, Appa-
lachian Mountains, Tables(Data), Chemicals.
PB89-149298/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
SLAPMAN User's Manual.
Battelle Environmental Program Office, Washington,
DC.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Sep 88,116p* EPA/SW/DK-89/017A
Contract EPA-68-03-3534
For system on diskette, see PB89-138747.Portions of
this document are not fully legible. Prepared in coop-
eration with ICF Technology, Inc., Fairfax, VA. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, DC. Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
The document is a user's manual for the SLAPMAN
computer programs. It describes the computer system
requirements for running SLAPMAN, gives an over-
view of SLAPMAN, including a brief description of the
programs, and then describes the basics of running
SLAPMAN - how to load the disk, how to use the com-
mand file, and basically what to expect as the pro-
grams execute.
Keywords: "Ground water, 'Water pollution, Sludge
disposal, Leaching, Computer programs, Documenta-
tion, 'Chemical effluents, Water pollution
effects(Humans), Land pollution.
PB89-149306/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Risk Assessment Models for Land Application of
Municipal Sludges (RAMMS Version 3.0). Volume
1. Draft Complete Documentation of the System/
User Manual.
Science Applications International Corp., McLean, VA.
1989,104p* EPA/SW/DK-89/016A
Contract EPA-68-03-3453
For system on diskette, see PB89-138739. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
developed a series of models for calculating the risks
associated with the land application of municipal
sludge. These models were used in the development
of the Proposed Technical Sludge Regulation, and
have been collected together in a single, user friendly
computer program. The manual contains a basic de-
scription of the risk assessment models, explains how
to use the computer program, and documents the
code, input, and output data for the program. The
manual is organized in six chapters. The first chapter is
a brief description of the risk assessment models as
they are implemented by the program. The second
chapter explains system requirements and how to in-
stall the program on appropriate systems. The third
chapter explains how the program is structured and
outlines options that can be invoked at different stages
of execution. The fourth chapter steps through typical
execution of the program, showing input screens and
output screens that are encountered. The fifth chapter
is the listing of the program code, and the sixth chapter
is a listing of data files used by the program.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Mathematical models,
Toxicity, Food chains, Computer programs,
Tables(Data), Documentation, 'Land disposal, 'Mu-
nicipal wastes, Environmental exposure pathway, User
manuals (Computer programs), Risk assessment.
PB89-149314/H8U	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Sludge Incineration Modeling (SIM) Syatem User's
Quids. Draft rept.
General Sciences Corp., Laurel, MD.
Mar 89,68p* GSC-TR-89-007, EPA/SW/DK-89/028A
For system on magnetic tape, see PB89-138762.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Water Regulations and
Standards.
A user-friendly, menu-driven PC version of the Industri-
al Source Complex Long-Term (ISCLT) model has
been implemented to support EPA regulations regard-
ing incineration of sewage sludge under Section
405(d) of the Clean Water Act. The model will be made
available to the public as part of the support for the
proposed sewage sludge incineration regulation. The
Sludge Incineration Modeling (SIM) system composes
five components: (1) Build ISCLT Input File, (2) Run
ISCLT, (3) SIM Post Processor, (4) Terrain Utility, and
(5) Run Catalog Manager. The purpose of the user s
auide is to describe how to use tne components of the
SIM system. Instructions on how to load the system
and descriptions of screen design, system functions,
and commands are given. General information on the
ISCLT model and detailed descriptions of the SIM
components are given. Finally, a case example is pre-
sented.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, Sewage disposal, Docu-
mentation, 'Sewage sludge, 'Incineration, Solid waste
disposal, User manuals(Computer programs).
PB89-149322/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
SLUDGEMAN User's Manual.
ICF, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
Sep 88,227p* EPA/SW/DK-89/023A
Contract EPA-68-03-3534
For system on diskette, see PB89-138764. Prepared in
cooperation with Battelle Environmental Program
Office, Washington, DC. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Water
Regulations and Standards.
The user-friendly manual facilitates operation of the
SLUDGEMAN model for the groundwater and vapor
pathways in the monofilling of sewage sludge under
the proposed Part 503 regulations has been devel-
oped.
Keywords: "Sludge disposal, Ground water, Vapors,
Leaching, Documentation, Sewage sludge, "Sanitary
landfills, 'Water pollution effects(Humans), 'Air pollu-
tion effects(Humans), User manuals(Computer pro-
grams).
PB89-150668/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Cape Cod Aquifer Management Project (CCAMP)
Documents Available. Rept. for Aug 85-Dec 87.
Environmental Protection Agency, Boston, MA.
Region I.
Sep 88,7p
See also PB89-106298. Prepared in cooperation with
Geological Survey, Boston, MA. Water Resources
Div., Massachusetts Dept. of Environmental Quality
Engineering, Boston, and Cape Cod Planning and Eco-
nomic Development Commission, Barnstable, MA.
The report includes a listing of Cape Cod Aquifer Man-
agement Project (CCAMP) reports and publications
available from NTIS and other sources. Some of the
sub|ect areas covered are: Water supply planning;
Ground water; Aquifers; Water wells; Sewage disposal
and treatment; Hazardous materials and septage dis-
posal.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Water supply, 'Sewage
treatment, 'Water pollution, Research projects, Haz-
ardous materials, Toxicity, Fertilizers, Water wells,
Lagoons(Ponds), Aquifers, Earth fills, Pesticides, List-
ings, Septage.
PB89-150718/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1M7.
Volume 3. Northeastern Illinois Region,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
H. L. Hudson, and R. J. Kirschner. Nov 88,167p IEPA/
WPC/88-016C
See also PB88-209044. Prepared in cooperation with
Northeastern Illinois Planning Commission, Chicago.
The report provides background information on the
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program. It includes a brief
overview of the program and a discussion of the pro-
gram's objectives and rationale. It also contains a de-
scription of this regional report's format.
Keywords: 'Illinois, 'Lakes, 'Water pollution, Monitor-
ing, Citizen participation, Transparence, Nutrients, Tur-
bidity, Classifications, Suspended sediments, North-
eastern Region(lllinois), Trophic level.
PB89-151039/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Characterization of Products Containing Lsad and
Cadmium In Municipal Solid Waste in the United
States, 1970 to 2000. Final rept
Franklin Associates Ltd., Prairie Village, KS.
Jan 89,221 p* EPA/530/SW-89/015A
Contract EPA-68-01-7310
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
As disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) has
become an issue of increasing importance in the
United States, combustion of wastes has been recog-
nized as one of several alternative management ap-
proaches. A concern associated with municipal waste
combustion, however, is that heavy metals (lead and
cadmium ir, particular) have been found in analytical
tests of the ashes from these facilities. The report
characterizes the source of lead and cadmium in prod-
ucts disposed in MSW over the time period 1970 to
1986, with the projections to the year 2000.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Lead, 'Cadmium, Chem-
ical analysis, Tables(Data), Incinerators, 'Solid waste
disposal, 'Municipal wastes, Heavy metals, Point
sources, Nonpoint sources.
PB89-151047/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Statistical Analyals of Ground-Water Monitoring
Data at RCRA (Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act) Facilities, Interim Final Outdance.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Feb 89,148p EPA/530/SW-89/026
The document provides guidance to RRA Facility
permit applicants and writers concerning the statistical
analysis of ground-water monitoring data at RCRA fa-
cilities. Section 1 is an introduction to the guidance; it
describes the purpose and intent of the document, and
emphasizes the need for site-specific considerations
in implementing the Subpart F regulations of 40 CFR
Part 264. Section 2 provides the reader with an over-
view of the recently promulgated regulations concern-
ing the statistical analysis of ground-water monitoring
data (53 FR 39720: October 11,1988). Section 4 dis-
cusses the important hydrogeologic parameters to
consider when choosing a sampling Interval. Section 4
provides guidance on choosing an appropriate statisti-
cal method. Section 5 covers statistical methods that
may be used to evaluate groundwater monitoring data
when background wells have been sited hydrauiiMlly
upgradient from the regulated unit, etc. Section 6 in-
cludes statistical procedures that are appropriate
when comparing ground-water constituent concentra-
tions; and Section 7 presents the case where the level
of each constituent is compared historically.
Keywords: 'Ground water, "Water pollution, 'Hazard-
ous materials, 'Statistical analysis. Hydrology, Water
quality, Evaluation, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Pollution
monitoring, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
US EPA.	1 ^
PB89-151062/HSU	CP D01
RVD 2.0-A Relief Valve Discharge Screening
Model (for Microcomputers). Model-Simulation,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
D. Guinnup, and N. Meyer. 1 Jan 89,1 diskette* EPA/
SW/DK-89/014
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskette
double density (360K), compatible with the IBM PC
microcomputer. The diskettes are in the ASCII format.
Price includes documentation, PB89-151070.
RVD 2.0 is a personal computer model which provides
estimates of short-term ambient concentrations for the
screening of pollution sources which emit denser-than-
air gases through vertical releases. The calculations
are based on empirical equations derived from wind
tunnel tests. The code is written in BASIC and requires
a BASIC interpreter for its execution. It can be execut-
ed on any IBM-compatible personal computer. Soft-
ware Description: The software is written in the BASIC
programming language for implementation on IBM-PC
or compatible machines using DOS 3.1 or hiahw ooer-
ating system. A minimum of 512K bytes of core stor-
age is required.
Keywords: 'Models-simulation, 'Air pollution.
'Sources, Gas sampling, Dispersions, Diskettes Air
pollution monitoring, L=BASIC, H=IBM PC.
PB89-151070/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
RVD 2.0-A Relief Valve Discharge Screening
il. User's Quids.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Tri
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning c
Jan 89,58p* EPA/450/4-88/024, EPA/SW/DK4»T
MS
014A
For system on diskette, see PB8S-151062.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The document is the user's guide for RVD 2.0, a per-
sonal computer model which provides estimates of
short-term ambient concentrations for screening pollu-
tion sources which emit denser-than-air gases through
vertical releases. The code is based on empirical
equations derived from wind tunnel tests. The user's
guide describes the bases, features, applicability and
limitations of the model, and provides two example
runs of the model for illustrative purposes and bench-
mark testing.
Keywords: "Air pollution, 'Sources, Gas sampling, dis-
persions, Mathematical models, Documentation, Air
pollution monitoring, User manuals(Computer pro-
grams).
PB69-151112/HSU	CP DM
Blopluma II Computer Model of Two-Dimensional
Contaminant Transport under the Influence of
Oxygen Limited Blodegradatlon In Ground Water
(for Microcomputer*). Model-Simulation,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
H. S. Rifai, J. F. Haasbeek, P. B. Bedient, and J.
Wilson. Oct 87,2 diskettes* EPA/SW/DK-89/015
The software is contained on S 1/4-inch diskettes,
double density (360K), compatible with the IBM PC/AT
microcomputer. The diskettes are in the ASCII format.
Price includes documentation, PB89-151120.
BIOPLUME II simulates the transport of dissolved hy-
drocarbons under the influence o< oxygen limited blo-
degradatlon as well as the reaeration and anaerobic
biodegradation as & first order in hydrocarbon concen-
tration. BIOPLUME II solves the solute transport equa-
tion twice: once for hydrocarbon and once for oxygen.
As a result, two plumes are computed at every lime
step. The model assumes an Instantaneous reaction
between oxygen and hydrocarbon to simulate biode-
gradation processes, the two plumes are combined
using the principle of superposition. The model is ex-
tremely versatile in that it can be used to simulate natu-
ral biodegradation processes, retarded plumes, and in-
sltu biorestoratlon schemes. Software Description:
The program Is written in Fortran programming lan-
guage for implementation on IBM-PC/AT and compati-
ble machines using DOS 2.X or higher operating
system. Minimum of 550K bytes of memory required.
Note: MS Fortran 4.01 required.
Keywords: 'Models-Simulation, 'Aerobic processes,
'Anaerobic processes, Ground water, Contaminants,
Solutes, Plumes, Hydrocarbons, Oxygen, Diskettes,
•Biodegradation, L=Fortran 4.01, H=IBM PC/AT.
PBM-1S1120/H8U	PC A11/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Bio plume II Computer Model of Two-Olmenslonal
Contaminant Transport under the Influence of
Oxygen Limited Biodegradation In Ground Water.
Documentation. Final rept.,
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Environmental and Ground
Water Inst.
H. S. Rifai, P. B. Bedient, R. C. Borden, and J. F.
Haasbeek. Aug 88,247p* EPA/SW/DK-89/015A,,
EPA/600/8-88/093A
For system on diskette, see PB89-151112. Prepared in
cooperation with North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
Dept. of Civil Engineering. Sponsored by Robert S.
Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
The manual presents a two-dimensional computer
model, BIOPLUME II, that simulates the transport of
issolved hydrocarbons under the influence of
oxygen-limited biodegradation. BIOPLUME II also sim-
ulates reaeration ana anaerobic biodegradation as a
first order decay in hydrocarbon concentrations. The
model is based on the USGS solute transport two-di-
mensional code (Konikow and Bredehoeft, 1978). The
model computes the changes in concentration over
time due to convection, dispersion, mixing, and biode-
gradation. The same numerical techniques that are
%ed in the USGS code are maintained in BIOPLUME
IL BIOPLUME II solves the solute transport equation
twice: once for hydrocarbon and once for oxygen. As a
result, two plumes are computed at every time step.
The model assumes an instantaneous reaction be-
tween oxygen and hydrocarbon to simulate ttodegra-
dcMon processes. The model is extremely versatile in
that it can be used to simulate natural biodegradation
oroceeses, retarded plumes, and in-situ biorestoration
schemes. BIOPLUME II allows injection wells to be
specified as oxygen sources into a contaminated aqui-
fer. This means that alternate methods for aquifer rec-
lamation can be investigated to design the most eco-
nomically feasible scheme.
Keywords: 'Aerobic processes, 'Anaerobic process-
es, Ground water, Contamination, Solutes, Hydrocar-
bons, Oxygen, Documentation, Computer programs,
'Biodegradation.
PB89-151187/HSU	CP D99
Geosynthetlc Modeling System-CSC Version 1.00
(for Microcomputers). Software,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
R. E. Landreth. Jan 88,2 diskettes* EPA/SW/DK-89/
020
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskettes,
double density (360K), compatible with the IBM PC
microcomputer. The diskettes are in the ASCII format.
Price includes documentation, PB89-151195 and
PB88-131263.
The development of guidance design procedures for
the evaluation of geosynthetlc materials used in con-
tainment systems for landfills, surface impoundments
and waste piles has been computerized to increase
the speed of calculation of results and to reduce the
frequency of human error resulting from manual calcu-
lations. A summary of the test procedures used in eval-
uating each specific material property is provided in
the manual. Relevant standards for each test are refer-
enced when available. Software Description: The soft-
ware is written in Advanced Basic for implementation
on IBM-PC or compatible machines using the DOS op-
erating system. Memory requirement is 256 Kbytes.
Special features/requirements: An 8086 microproces-
sor, one 51 /4 inch diskette drive with controller; a de-
tached keyboard; and a printer with an adapter board.
A color/graphics adapter with suitable monitor is re-
quired to display GM System graphics.
Keywords: 'Software, 'Linings, Design, Waste dispos-
al, Failure, Diskettes, *US EPA, 'Land pollution con-
trol, L=Advanced BASIC, H-IBM PC.
PB89-151195/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Geosynthetlc Modellg System-CSC Version 1.00.
OM System User's Manual,
Computer Sciences Coip., Cincinnati, OH.
C. L. Patterson. Jan 88,28p* EPA/600/2-88/029,
EPA/SW/DK-89/020A
Contract EPA-68-01-7178
For system on diskette, see PB89-151187. See also
PB88-131263. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engi-
neering Research Lab.
The development of guidance design procedures for
the evaluation of geosynthetlc materials used in con-
tainment systems for landfills, surface impoundments
and waste piles has been computerized to increase
the speed of calculation of results and to reduce the
frequency of human error resulting from manual calcu-
lations. Potential failure modes for each geosynthetlc
component are established. A design procedure is de-
veloped for evaluating each of the potential failure
modes. Each design procedure is based on calculation
of service conditions In the component under field con-
ditions. A Design Ratio (DR) is then calculated as the
ratio of the limiting performance of the component
based on laboratory tests to the actual performance
oaiculated for field conditions. Minimum values for
Design Ratio are recommended tor each design pro-
cedure. Specific geosynthetlc material properties are
required to determine the DR in each design proce-
dure. A suggested range of values, based on available
data, is presented for each material property used.
Keywords: 'Linings, Design, Waste disposal, Failure,
Documentation, US EPA, 'Land pollution control,
User manuals(Computer programs).
PBM-151229/HSU	CP D99
Salmonella Data Management Software (for
Microcomputers). Software,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
L. R. Williams. Dec 87,2 diskettes* EPA/SW/DK-89/
018
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskettes,
double density, compatible with the IBM PC microcom-
puter. The diskettes are in the ASCII format. Price in-
cludes documentation, PB89-151237.
The software is designed for analyzing mutagenicity
data from the Salmonella Assay (Ames test). Tne pro-
gram will automatically supply an accepted method of
statistical analysis and will, optionally, supply statistics
from several different models, thereby eliminating a
potentially major source of variability between investi-
gators. Statistics supplied include: (1) the initial slope
of the dose-response curve (potency estimate); (2) a
determination as to whether the computed slope is
statistically different than zero (model dependent mu-
tagenicity determination); and (3) an indication of
whether each dose is significantly different than the
background (t-Test). A glossary of terms and abbrevia-
tions used in the manual is provided in Appendix A.
Software Description: The software is written in the
Turbo C programming language for implementation on
IBM-PC/XT/AT and compatible machines using MS-
DOS, PC-DOS operating system. Minimum memory re-
quirement is 512K.
Keywords: 'Software, 'Salmonella, 'Bioassay, 'Sta-
tistical analysis, Data, Mutagens, Toxicology, Genet-
ics, Diskettes, 'US EPA, Data management, L=Turbo
C, H = IBM PC/XT/AT.
PB89-151237/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Salmonella Assay Software (Version 2.2) and
User's Manual. Standardized Procedure for Analy-
sis and Interpretation of Mutagenicity Data.
Integrated Lab. Systems, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Dec 87,34p* EPA/600/8-88/006, EPA/SW/DK-89/
018A
For system on diskette, see PB89-151229. Prepared in
cooperation with Army Medical Bioengineenng Re-
search and Development Lab., Fort Detrick, MD.
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Computer software for the management of Salmonella
mutagenicity assay data has been developed based
on the recommendations of genetic toxicologists and
statisticians. The panels of international experts con-
vened to design the software package included repre-
sentatives of the Federal government, industry, acade-
mia, and research institutions. The resulting microcom-
puter program automatically supplies an accepted
method of statistical analysis, and will, at the user's
option, supply statistics from several different models.
A potentially major source of variability among investi-
gators is largely eliminated. Statistics supplied include:
(1) the initial slope of the dose-response curve (poten-
cy estimate), (2) a determination as to whether the
computed slope is statistically different than zero and
(3) an indication of whether each dose is significantly
different than the background (t-Test). Slope estima-
tion is performed using either a linear or one of two
non-linear models. A standardized data output format
is provided to facilitate review of results.
Keywords: 'Salmonella, 'Bioassay, 'Statistical analy-
sis, Mutagens, Data, Documentation, Genetics, Toxi-
cology, 'US EPA, Data management, User
manuals(Computer programs).
PB89-151245/HSU	CP DM
QEO-EAS (Qeostatlstlcal Environmental Assess-
ment Software) (for Microcomputers). Software,
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
E. J. Englund, and A. R. Sparks. Sep 88,3 diskettes*
EPA/SW/DK-89/019
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskettes,
double density (360K), compatible with the IBM PC
microcomputer. The diskettes are in the ASCII format
Price includes documentation, PB89-151252.
The Geo-EAS (Geostatistical Environmental Assess-
ment Software) software package consists of thirteen
programs written for IBM PC - compatible computers.
The principal functions of the package are the produc-
tion of 2-dimen8iona! grids and contour maps of inter-
polated (kriged) estimates from sample data. Other
functions include data preparation, data maps, univar-
iate statistics, scatter plots/linear regression, and var-
iogram computation and model fitting, Extensive use of
screen graphics such as maps, histograms, spatter
plots ana variograms help the user search, for patterns,
correlations, and problems In a data set. Data maps,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
contour maps, and scatter plots can be plotted on an
HP compatible pen plotter, individual programs can be
run independently; the statistics and graphics routines
may prove useful even when a full geostatistical study
is not appropriate. For ease of use, the programs are
controlled interactively through screen menus, and
use simple ASCII data files... Software Description:
The software is written in the Fortran programming lan-
guage for implementation on IBM-PC/XT/AT or com-
patible machines using the DOS 2.0 or higher operat-
ing system. Minimum memory required is 640K. Spe-
cial features/requirements: Graphics monitor required
(CGA, EGA, VGA, or Hercules); Math Coprocessor
recommended.
Keywords: 'Software, 'Geology, Statistics, Contours,
Mapping, Data processing, Diskettes, 'Environmental
monitoring, Environmental Protection Agency,
L=Fortran, H=IBM PC/XT; IBM PC/AT.
PB89-151252/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
QEO-EAS (Geostatistical Environmental Assess-
ment Software) User's Guide,
Computer Sciences Corp., Las Vegas, NV.
E.J. Englund, and A. R. Sparks. Sep 88,182p* EPA/
600/4-88/033A, EPA/SW/DK-89/019A
Contract EPA-68-01 -7325
For system on diskette, see PB89-151245. Sponsored
by Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las
Vegas, NV.
The report describes how to install and use the Geo-
EAS (Geostatistical Environmental Assessment Soft-
ware) software package on an IBM-PC compatible
computer system. A detailed example is provided
showing how to use the software to conduct a geosta-
tistical analysis of a data set. Thirteen Geo-EAS pro-
grams are documented. The principal functions of the
package are the production of 2-dimensional grids and
contour maps of interpolated (kriged) estimates from
sample data. Other functions include data preparation,
data maps, univariate statistics, scatter plots/linear re-
gression, and variogram computation and model fit-
ting. Extensive use of screen graphics such as maps,
histograms, scatter plots and vasograms help the user
search for patterns, correlations, and problems in a
data set. Data maps, contour maps, and scatter plots
can be plotted on an HP compatible pen plotter. Indi-
vidual programs can be run independently; the statis-
tics and graphics routines may prove useful even when
a full geostatistical study is not appropriate.
Keywords: Statistical data, Maps, Histograms, Plotting,
Documentation, 'Land pollution, Environmental
impact assessments, Site selection, Environmental
monitoring, Computer graphics, User
manuals(Computer programs).
PBS9-1S1278/HSU	CP D01
Plume Visual Impact Screening and Analyels (for
Microcomputers). Software,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
J. S. Touma. 1988,1 diskette* EPA/SW/DK-89/012
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskettes,
double density (360K), compatible with the IBM PC
microcomputer. The diskettes are in the ASCII format.
Price includes documentation, PB89-151286.
The Prevention of Significant Deterioration and visibili-
ty regulations of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) require the evaluation of a type of visibil-
ity impairment which can be traced to a single source
or small group of sources known as 'plume blight'. The
VISCREEN model is used for both Level-1 and Level-2
screening analyses, and is designed to evaluate plume
visual effects along multiple lines of sight across the
plume's length for two different viewing backgrounds
and for two different scattering angles. It also provides
for the evaluation of the potential perceptibility of
plumes using recent psychophysical concepts. Soft-
ware Description: The program is written in FORTRAN
77 for implementation on IBM PC or compatible. The
system will operate with 256K memory.
Keywords: 'Software, *Air pollution, 'Visibility,
•Plumes, Aerosols, Nitrogen oxides, Diskettes, Air
quality display model, US (fPA, L=Fortran 77, H=IBM
PC.
PB89-151286/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Workbook for Plume Visual Impact Screening and
Analysis,
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
D. A. Latimer, and R. G. Ireson. Sep 88,203p EPA/
450/4-88/015, EPA/SW/DK-89/012A
For system on diskette, see PB89-151278. See also
PB81-157885. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards, and National Park
Service, Washington, DC.
The Prevention of Significant Deterioration and visibili-
ty regulations of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) require the evaluation of a type of visibil-
ity impairment which can be traced to a single source
or small group of sources known as 'plume blight'. The
Workbook presents current EPA guidance on the use
of screening procedures to estimate visibility impair-
ment due to plume blight and is an update and a revi-
sion to the earlier book. It is being issued as a draft for
public comment until a final version is incorporated into
the Guideline on Air Quality Models (Revised). It pre-
serves the same 3-level screening approach and in-
cludes a new screening model (VISCREEN) that can
be run on a personal computer. The VISCREEN model
is used for both Level-1 and Level-2 screening analy-
ses, and is designed to evaluate plume visual effects
along multiple lines of sight across the plume's length
for two different viewing backgrounds and for two dif-
ferent scattering angles.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Visibility, 'Handbooks, Envi-
ronmental impacts, Plumes, Industrial wastes, Com-
bustion products, Electric power plants, Cements,
Contrast, Visual perception, Nitrogen oxides. Atmos-
pheric diffusion, Sulfates, Mathematical models, Coal
fired power plants, Numerical solution, VISCREEN
model.
PB89-151344/HSU	CP D99
Process Model Projection Technique (PROMPT),
Version 3.0 (for Microcomputers). Model-Simula-
tion,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
L. G. Jones, and T. Hogan. 30 Sep 86,4 diskettes*
EPA/SW/DK-89/013
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskettes,
double density (360K), compatible with the IBM XT/AT
microcomputer. The diskettes are in the ASCII format.
Price includes documentation, PB89-151351.
The Process Model Projection Technique (PROMPT)
is one of four stationary source emission and control
cost forecasting models developed by the Air and
Energy Engineering Research Laboratory for the Na-
tional Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
(NAPAP). PROMPT projects air pollution and costs for
industrial combustion and industrial processes. The
outputs are provided for 1980 (baseline), 1985 (fore-
casted, not actual), 1990,1995,2000,2010, and 2030.
Version 3.0 of PROMPT has been tested to verify that
its source code and algorithms are functioning as in-
tended. The reader is cautioned to remain aware that
the results obtained from this version of PROMPT are
subject to change upon release by EPA of the next, up-
dated version using the 1985 data baseline. Software
Description: The program is written in FORTRAN for
implementation on IBM XT/AT compatible equipment,
using DOS 3.10 operating system.
Keywords: *Models(Simulation), 'Industrial wastes,
'Airborne wastes, Sulfur oxides, Nitrogen oxides, Dis-
kettes, 'Air pollution forecasts, Stationary sources, Air
pollution economics, L=FORTRAN, H=IBM PC/XT/
AT.
PB89-161351/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Personal Computer Version of the Process Model
Projection Technique (PROMPT) (Version 3.0).
User's Manual,
Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington,
VA.
T. Hogan. Sep 88,67p* EPA/SW/DK-89/013A,,
EPA/800/8-88/095A
Contracts EPA-68-02-4202, EPA-68-02-4384
For system on diskettes, see PB89-151344. Prepared
in cooperation with National Acid Precipitation Assess-
ment Program, Washington, DC. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The manual describes the use of the Process Model
Projection Technique (PROMPT), one of four station-
ary source emission and control cost forecasting
models developed by the EPA for the National Acia
Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP).
PROMPT projects air pollution emissions (sulfur diox-
ide, sulfates, and nitrogen oxides) and costs for indus-
trial combustion and industrial processes; i.e., process
heaters, furnaces, dryers, kilns, engines, turbines, and
wood-fired boilers. PROMPT excludes the combustion
of natural gas, distillate or residual fuel oil, and coal in
industrial boilers. The outputs are provided for 1980
(baseline), 1985 (forecasted, not actual), 1990, 1995
2000,2010,2020, and 2030. The manual is for Version
3.0 of PROMPT. It includes procedures and options for
model operation on an IBM-AT or compatible personal
computer. The model's operation is menu driven and
relatively easy to use.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Airborne wastes. Sulfur
oxides, Nitrogen oxides, Documentation, Mathemati-
cal models, 'Air pollution forecasts, Stationary
sources, Air pollution economics, User
manuals(Computer programs).
PB89-151393/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency. Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Comparative Evaluation of Mesophilic and Ther-
mophilic Anaerobic Digestion. Phase 1. Tempera-
ture Transition Studies. Research rept. Oct 84-Apr
86,
Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA.
I. J. Kugeiman, and V. G. Guida. Jan 89,75o EPA/
600/2-89/001A
See also Phase 2, PB89-151401. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. R&k Re-
duction Engineering Lab.
A study of the operation of anaerobic systems under
temperature transition was conducted as part of a
larger study of mesophilic vs. thermophilic anaerobic
digestion. Systems seeded with domestic sewage
sludge, but subsequently fed a chemically defined
complex medium, were operated at 20- and 30-day de-
tention times at 35 C. The temperature was raised to
55 C at rates varying from 0.25 C to 2.5 C per day. As
soon as the temperature exceeded 45 C methane pro-
duction shut down; the units were held at 45 C until re-
covery occurred. Once recovery of methane produc-
tion ability occurred, transition to 55 C took place with
little incident. The rate of temperature rise had little
effect on the total time required to obtain stable oper-
ation at 55 C; detention time had a minor effect with
longer detention time yielding superior results. Studies
of temperature drop and steady-state comparison be-
tween mesophilic and thermophilic operation also
were conducted.
Keywords: 'Sludge digestion, 'Sewage treatment
'Biodeterioration, Temperature, Anaerobic conditions
Thermophiles, Methane, Decomposition reactions'
Thermodynamic properties, Chemical analysis, Steady
state, Municipalities, Tables(Data), Waste disposal.
PB89-151401/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Comparative Evaluation of MesophHic and Ther-
mophilic Anaerobic Digestion. Phase 2. steady
State Studies. Research rept. Sep 83-Aug 87.
Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA.
I. J. Kugeiman, and V. G. Guida. Jan 89,63p EPA/
600/2-89/011B
See also Phase 1, PB89-151393. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Re-
duction Engineering Lab.
A study was conducted of the relative performance of
anaerobic digestion systems under mesophilic and
thermophilic conditions. Fifty liter laboratory scale di-
?esters were fed primary sludge from the Allentown
A Waste Water Treatment Plant. Long-term, steady^
state performance data were obtained at 49.5 deo C
and 35 deg C. Two hydraulic detention times, 25 daviii
and 15 days, were used. Operation of the mesoohific
and thermophilic units was within parameter raiviB*
normally considered satisfactory. Mesophilic operation
was superior to thermophilic operation total and
tile solids breakdown, gas production, and breakdown
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
of carbohydrate, oil, and grease. Thermophilic break-
down of organic nitrogen was superior. Dewaterability
of sludge produced under mesophilic conditions also
was better than under thermophilic conditions.
Keywords: 'Sludge digestion, 'Sewage treatment,
'Biodeterioration, 'Steady state, Temperature, Anaer-
obic conditions, Propionic acid, Methane, Decomposi-
tion reactions, Chemical analysis, Thermodynamic
properties, Municipalities, Performance evaluation,
waste disposal, Tables(Data).
PB80-151419/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Anthropogenic Emissions Data for the 1985
NAPAP (National Acid Precipitation Assessment
Program) Inventory. Final rept. Nov 87-Aug 88,
Alliance Technologies Corp., Chapel Hill, NC.
D. Zimmerman, W. Tax, M. Smith, J. Demmy, and R.
Battye. Nov 88,297p* EPA/600/7-88/022
Contract EPA-68-02-4274
See also PB89-151427 and PB85-236768. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research
The report documents the development of the anthro-
pogenic emissions estimates to be used in the 1985
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
(NAPAP) Emissions Inventory. Point and area source
data, spanning the contiguous U.S., focus on the
NAPAP high priority pollutants S02, NOx, and VOC.
Detailed point source data were obtained for more
than 100 area source categories. Quality control was
conducted at all levels of inventory development. This
effort was the first national emissions inventory in
which the data were actually returned to the responsi-
ble agencies for their comments and corrections. As a
result, the quality of the annual inventory is better than
that of any previously developed national inventory.
Data are summarized at various levels of aggregation
including nation, state, and source category. Emis-
sions data are also analyzed by plant size, stack
height, and general source type.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Air pollution,
Sumir dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Tabies(Data), industri-
al wastes, Quality control, 'Acid precipitation, 'Nation-
al Acid Precipitation Assessment Program, Stationary
sources, Nonpoint sources, Point sources, Inventories.
PM0-1S1427/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Aim Source Documentation for the 1985 National
Add Precipitation Assessment Program Invento-
ry. Final rept. May 86-Aug 87,
Alliance Technologies Corp., Chapel Hill, NC.
J L Demmy, W. M. Tax, and T. E. Warn. Dec 88,
267D* CH-88-05, EPA/600/8-88/106
Contract EPA-68-02-4274
See also PB89-151419.Portions of this document are
not fully legible. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report provides, to states and other participants
and users of the 1985 National Acid Precipitation As-
sessment Program Emissions Inventory, a general un-
derstanding of the estimating procedures mat will be
used by NAPAP and EPA's Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards to generate 1985 emissions esti-
mates for area source categories. General methodolo-
gy and assumptions are discussed, as well as the orlgi-
fVai source of algorithms, activity levels, and emission
factors. Emission estimates are updated annually by a
aeries of computer programs which multiply each cur-
rent area source activity level by an emission factor
that accounts for emissions removed by any control
technology. County emissions estimates are then
summed to produce national emissions estimates.
Area sources are divided into stationary sources,
mobile sources, solid waste disposal, miscellaneous
area sources, and additional area sources.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Air pollution con-
trol, 'Computer systems programs, Sulfur dioxide, Ni-
trogen oxides. Industrial wastes, Predictions, 'Acid
orecipitatton, 'Volatile organic compounds(VOCs),
•Emission inventories, 'National Acid Precipitation As-
ssewnent Program, Environmental impacts, Stationary
sources, Nonpoint sources, Pollution monitoring. Point
sources, Environmental Protection Agency.
PB89-151435/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Proceedings: Symposium on Iron and Steel Pollu-
tion Abatement Technology for 1984. Held In
Cleveland, Ohio, on October 16-18,1984,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. S. Ruppersberger. Dec 88,367p EPA/600/9-88/
028
See also PB83-258665. Prepared in cooperation with
Armco, Inc., Middletown, OH.
The report includes presentations made at the Sympo-
sium on Iron and Steel Pollution Abatement Technolo-
gy for 1984. It provided a forum for the exchange of in-
formation on technological problems related to multi-
media pollution control in the iron and steel industry.
American and international representatives from in-
dustry, academia, the research community, public in-
terest organizations, and federal and state govern-
ments participated. Session 1 dealt with water pollu-
tion abatement, Session 2 with air pollution abatement,
and Session 3 with solid waste/multimedia pollution
abatement.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, "Air pollution con-
trol, 'Iron and steel industry, 'Meetings, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Cost analysis, Evalua-
tion, Materials recovery, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Tech-
nology utilization, 'Solid waste disposal.
PB89-151468/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Advanced Utility Simulation Model Description of
the National Loop (Version 3.0). Final rept. Jul 85-
Sep87,
Science Applications International Corp., McLean, VA.
R. L. Capone, and L. G. Jones. Dec 88,83p* EPA/
600/8-88/071H
Contract EPA-68-02-4227
See also PB89-101208. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Apency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report describes the national loop of the Ad-
vanced Utility Simulation Model (AUSM), simulating
strategic planning in the electric utility industry. Acting
as a preprocessor to the second component of AUSM
(the state model), the national loop simulates deci-
sions about generating and scrubber capacity addi-
tions, fuel choices, and interstate electricity transfers.
These decisions influence (and are Influenced by) coal
prices, providing a partial equilibrium model of the
coal-electric utility market. Three modules comprise
the national loop: the Multi-Period, Multi-State Module
(MPMS), the National Coal Supply Module (NCSM),
and the Coal Market Equilibrium Module (CMEM).
Electric utility decisions are made in the MPMS and
coal demands calculated. These are passed to the
NCSM where coal prices are calculated. After being
checked for convergence (which signals achievement
of equilibrium), prices are passed to the MPMS for re-
simulation of coal demand. This process continues
until equilibrium is achieved or until it is determined
that no equilibrium exists. In general, the report con-
tains all or the principal equations and operating con-
cepts for the national loop.
Keywords: 'Electric utilities, 'Computerized simula-
tion, Mathematical models, Electric power generation,
Electric power demand, Coal, Prices, Scrubbers, Emis-
sion, Fuels, *US EPA.
PB89-151476/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Radon Reduction ana Radon Resistant Construc-
tion Demonstrations In New York. Final rept Sep
86-Jun 88,
Fleming (W.S.) and Associates, Inc., Syracuse, NY.
I. Nitscnke. Jan 89,299p EPA/600/8-89/001
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report covers three tasks related to indoor radon:
(1) the demonstration of radon reduction techniques in
8 houses in each of two uniquely different radon prone
areas of the State of New York; (2) the evaluation and
repair of 14 radon mitigation systems in houses miti-
gated 4 years earlier; and (3) the development and ap-
plication of radon resistant new construction designs
In 15 different houses. In applying radon reduction
techniques in existing houses, techniques which were
applicable in extremely porous soil were not as easily
applied to houses built on granite ledge; combinations
of techniques may be required in many difficult houses
before an acceptable radon level can be achieved.
During the study, basement pressurization was applied
as a radon reduction technique for the first time. The
radon resistant new construction designs should dem-
onstrate effective methods of sealing out radon during
construction; however, quality control problems preva-
lent in the construction industry may require additional
laboratory tests for verification.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Air pollution control, 'Houses,
'Structural engineering, New York, Radioactive con-
taminants, Construction, Design criteria, Quality con-
trol, Sealers, Basements, Fans, Soil mechanics,
'Indoor air pollution.
PB89-151492/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Alternative Ozone Dose Metrics to Characterize
Ozone Impact on Crop Yield Loss (Journal Ver-
sion). Journal article,
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
J. 0. Rawlings, V. M. Lesser, A. S. Heagle, and W. W.
Heck. C1988,9p EPA/600/J-88/251
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality, v17 n2 p285-291
1988. Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Ag-
ricultural Research Service, Raleigh. Sponsored by
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Previous studies of the National Crop Loss Assess-
ment Network (NCLAN) relating the impact of ozone
(03) on agricultural crops have used the seasonal
arithmetic average of 03 for either a 7- or 12-h daily
period as the measure of dose in the dose response
relationships. The study investigated the use of alter-
native dose metrics that gave differential weighting to
hourly 03 concentrations according to level of 03,
period of day, or total hourly solar radiation. Data were
used from two NCLAN studies in which two different
methods of 03 addition were used for 7 h/d. In addi-
tion, one study included 12 h/d exposure for one
method of 03 addition. The residual sums of squares
from fitting a common Weibull response model to each
experiment were compared over the range of dose
metrics. Weighting by total hourly solar radiation gave
results very similar to the best obtained from differen-
tial peak-valley weighting and 7 h:5 h weighting.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Exposure, 'Farm crops, 'Air pol-
lution, Soybean plants, Solar radiation,
Concentration(Composition), Dosage, Mathematical
models, Response, Seasonal variations, Yield, Tobac-
co plants, Environmental impacts, Tables(Data), Re-
prints.
PB89-151500/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Teratogenic Evaluation of the Pesticides Baygon,
Carbofuran, Dlmethoate and EPN (Journal ver-
sion). Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
K. D. Courtney, J. E. Andrews, J. Springer, and L
Dalley. 1985,36p EPA/600/J-85/542
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Science and Health,
B20(4), p373-4061985.
Baygon and Carbofuran were administered to CD rats
on the 7th through 19th day of gestation, while dimeth-
oate and EPN were administered to CD-1 mice on the
6th through 16th day of gestation. Baygon did not
produce fetotoxicity, nor was it found to be teratogenic,
increased fetal mortality and decreased fetal weight
occurred at maternally lethal doses. Carbofuran was
not teratogenic but was found to be fetotoxic at higher
dose levels. Dimethoate was not teratogenic but de-
pressed maternal weight gain at lower doses and in-
creased maternal lethality at higher dose levels. EPN
administered at maternally lethal doses did not
produce fetotoxicity, fetal lethality or an increase in
malformations. These few studies with baygon, carbo-
furan, EPN and dimethoate in the mammalian fetus in-
dicated the need for teratology studies with these pes-
ticides.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicity, 'Hazardous materi-
als, Furans, Mice, Laboratory animals. Exposure,
Reproduction(Biology), Public health, industrial hy-
giene, Tabie(Data), Cholinesterase inhibitors,
Baygon, 'Carbofuran, 'Dimethoate, 'EPN, 'Terato-
genesls, 'Health effects, 'Environmental effects, Ma-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ternal mortality, Fetal death. Occupational safety and
health, Body weight.
PB89-151518/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
SARAH2: A Near Field Exposure Assessment
Model for Surface Water,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
S. B. Vandergrift, and R. B. Ambrose. Oct 88,180p
EPA/600/3-88/020
The near field surface water model (SARAH2) calcu-
lates maximum allowable hazardous waste concentra-
tions, based on predicted exposure to humans or
aquatic life from contaminated surface water. The sur-
face water contamination pathways analyzed in
SARAH2 include groundwater leachate from a land
disposal facility, storm runoff from a land disposal facil-
ity, and discharge through a waste water treatment fa-
cility or lagoon. The human exposure pathways con-
sidered include ingestion of treated drinking water and
consumption of contaminated fish. Acceptable leach-
ate or treated industrial waste discharge constituent
concentrations are estimated by a procedure starting
from chemical safety criteria in surface water, drinking
water, or fish. Direct calculations predict the instream
concentrations from leachate or discharge concentra-
tions. SARAH2 is an interactive, menu-driven, modular
FORTRAN computer program with three default data
sets that can be modified rapidly.
Keywords: 'Surface water runoff, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'Industrial wastes, 'Exposure, 'Computer sys-
tems programs, 'Waterpollution, Earth fills, Waste dis-
posal, Public health, Potable water, Fishes, Waste
water, Water treatment, Predictions, Mathematical
models, Ground water, "SARAH2 computer program,
'Land pollution, 'Path of pollutants, 'Risk assess-
ment.
PB89-161526/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Exposure of Forests to Air Pollutants, Clouds,
Precipitation and Climatic Variables,
State Univ. of New York at Albany. Atmospheric Sci-
ences Research Center.
V. A. Mohnen. Jan 89,209p EPA/600/3-89/003
Grant EPA-R-813934
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
The report contains atmospheric measurements data
at high elevation sites in the eastern United States.
Measurements made in 1987 from May to October are
included for 03, S02, N02, cloud water content, cloud
chemistry, H202. Historical data from other sites are
included for comparison purposes as well as data on
climatic variables. Sites at Mt. Mitchell, NC, Shenando-
ah, VA, Whitetop, VA, Whiteface Mt., NY, Mt. Moosi-
tauke, NH, and Howland, Maine form the Mountain
Cloud Chemistry Project (MCCP). The primary objec-
tive of the MCCP is to characterize the exposure of
montane forested ecosystems to atmospheric inputs.
The high elevation forests of the eastern United States
are of particular interest because of reported declines
in the populations of red spruce and balsam fir trees at
selected locations throughout the Appalachian Moun-
tains.
Keywords:	'Forestry,	'Trees(Plants),
'Clouds(Meteorology),	'Climatology,
'Precipitation(Meteorology),	Sampling,
Concentration(Composit(onj, Sites, Graphs(Ct\art&),
Ozone, Fir wood, Spruce wood, Quality assurance, Ex-
posure, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Hydrogen per-
oxide, Moisture content, 'High altitudes, 'Eastern
Region(United States), 'Air pollution effects(Plants),
•Mountain Cloud Chemistry Project.
PB89-151534/HSU	pc ^2
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Tnanale
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
Sampling and Analysis of Butadiene at a Synthet-
Entropj^nvironmentalists, Inc., Research Triangle
lu^Goodrich, W. G. DeWees, and R. R. Segall. Jan
89 54p EPA/600/3-89/004
Contract EPA-68-02-4442
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
Butadiene emission samples were collected from the
process vent stream of a plant manufacturing synthet-
ic rubber from styrene and butadiene. On-site analysis
of samples was performed using a gas chromatograph
equipped with a flame ionization detector. The preci-
sion of butadiene concentrations was determined from
simultaneous samples collected at a nominal sampling
rate of 0.050 L/min, rather than at the recommended
sampling rate of 0.5 L/min. In addition, simultaneous
samples were collected at both 0.20 L/min and 0.050
L/min and analyzed to determine if the mean values or
precisions of the measured concentrations were influ-
enced by the sampling rate. Acceptable precision was
observed at both sampling rates, and the mean values
and precisions of butadiene levels determined were
statistically equal for simultaneous samples.
Keywords: 'Butadienes, 'Industrial wastes, "Exhaust
gases. Synthetic elastomers, Butyl rubber, Industrial
		........	Qag
: substances.
plants', Air pollution sampling! Chemical analysis,
chromatography, Public health, 'Air toxic substan
PB89-151542/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
National Atmospheric Deposition Program/Na-
tional Trends Network (NADP/NTN) Site Visitation
Program. October 1986 through September 1987.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
W. C. Eaton, C. E. Moore, R. W. Murdoch, R. C.
Shores, and D. A. Ward. Jan 89,84p EPA/600/3-89/
007
Contract EP A-68-02-4125
See also PB88-132519. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Lab.
The report survey visits to the NADP/NTN precipita-
tion collection stations are part of the network's quality
assurance program and are coordinated through the
NADP/NTN Quality Assurance Director's office. Re-
search Triangle Institute, under contract to EPA, has
visited approximately two-thirds of the 200 NADP/
NTN sites for the purposes of verifying and document-
ing that pre-established siting criteria are met; assess-
ing the uniformity of sample collection, analysis, and
reporting procedures; conducting quality assurance
tests of the operators' equipment and procedures, and
providing technical assistance and instruction. Of the
approximately 120 sites visited from October 1986
through the present, most are operating within speci-
fied guidelines.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Atmospheric composition,
'Deposition, 'Air pollution, StatesfUnited States),
Sites, Inspection, Assessments, Sampling, Collecting
methods, Quality control, Test methods, Equipment,
Operations, Variations.
PBB9-152037/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Chesapeake Bay Nonpolnt Source Programs.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Liaison Office.
Jan 88,129p*
The report describes the current programs to amelio-
rate nonpoint sources of pollution to the Chesapeake
Bay which have been developed by the four jurisdic-
tions in cooperation with other agencies, the achieve-
ments to date in terms of pollutant removal, and rec-
ommendations for future directions of the Bay Pro-
gram over the next several years.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, State government,
Forecasting, Urban areas, Agricultural wastes,
Sources, Nutrients, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, 'Nonpoint
sources, 'Chesapeake Say, Best technology, State
programs.
PB89-152276/H8U	PC A06/MF A01
Protocol for Determining the Dally Volatile Organ-
ic Compound Emission Rate of Automobile and
Light-Duty Truck Topcoat Operations,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
D. Salman. Dec 88,119p EPA/450/3-88/018
The protocol determines the daily VOC emission rate
(pounds of VOC per gallon of coating solids deposited)
for a complete automobile and light-duty truck topcoat
operation. The protocol is designed for use in cases
where (1) the topcoat emission limit is stated in units of
pounds of VOC per gallon of solids deposited, (2) com-
pliance is to be demonstrated for each day, and (3) the
entire topcoat operation (i.e., all spray booths, flash-off
areas and bake ovens where topcoat is applied, dried,
and cured; except final off-line repair) is treated as a
single entity.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Trucks, 'Painting, *Alr pol-
lution, Coating processes, Numerical analysis. Stand-
ards, 'Volatile organic compounds, 'Light duty vehi-
cles, 'Emission factors.
PB89-152383/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Emission Inventory Requirements for Post-1987
Ozone State Implementation Plans,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
D. C. Misenheimer. Dec 88,65p EPA/450/4-88/019
See also Volume 1, PB89-152409,
The document describes the final emission inventory
requirements related to preparation and submission of
post-1987 ozone State Implementation Plans (SIPs)
for those States required to revise their plans after De-
cember 31, 1987. Addressed in the document are
emission inventory requirements relating to geograph-
ic area of coverage, point source cutoff size specifica-
tions, sources to be included, pollutants of interest,
data reporting formats, documentation requirements,
quality of data base, years to be addressed, and
schedule for inventory submission.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Requirements, 'Air pollution,
'State government, Inventories, Revisions, Organic
compounds, Vaporizing, Nitrogen oxides, Carbon
monoxide, Area, Specifications, Smog, Point sources.
PB89-152391/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Emission Inventory Requirements for Post-1M7
Carbon Monoxide State Implementation Plana,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
T. N. Braverman. Dec 88,26p EPA/450/4-88/020
See also PB89-152383
The document describes the final emission inventory
requirements related to preparation and submission of
post-1987 carbon monoxide State Implementation
Plans (SIPs) for those States required to revise their
plans after December 31,1987. Discussed In the doc-
ument are emission inventory requirements relating to
geographic area of coverage, point source cutoff size
specifications, sources to 6e included, data reporting
formats, documentation requirements, quality of data
base, years to be addressed, and schedule for inven-
tory submission.
Keywords: 'Carbon monoxide, 'Requirements, 'Air
pollution, 'State government, inventones, Area, Speci-
fications, Revisions, Point sources.
PB09-1524O9/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Procedures for the Preparation of Emission in-
ventories for Precursors of Ozone. Volume ,1
(Third Edition),
Alliance Technologies Corp.. Chapel Hill, NC.
S. L. Kersteter. Dec 88,246p EPA/450/4-88/021
Contract EPA-68-02-4396
See also PB89-152391. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Offloe
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Procedures are described for compiling emission in-
ventories of precursors of ozone (volatile organic com-
pounds, nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide) for use
In less data-intensive models such as the Empirical Ki-
netic Modeling Approach (EKMA). Such inventories
are required for submission of ozone State Implemen-
tation Plans (SIPs) for those areas required to revise
their plans after December 31.1987. The baric iman-
tory elements - planning, data collection, emission |ni
ventory estimates, reporting - are discussed. Various
examples are included to aid the agency in the unda*
standing and use of the document.
-------
Keywords: "Ozone, "Environmental surveys, "Air pol-
lution control, 'Guidelines, Nitrogen oxides, Carbon
monoxide, Quality assurance, Sources, Management
planning, Questionnaires, Numerical analysis. Fossil
fuels, 'Emission factors, 'Emission inventories, 'State
implementation plans, Volatile organic compounds,
Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach, Point sources.
PB89-152490/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH.
Availability, Adequacy, and Comparability ot Test-
Procedures for the Analysis ot Pollutants Es-
lished Under Section 304(h) of the Federal
Water Pollution Control Act Report to Congress.
Final rept.
Enseco, Inc., Arvada, CO.
Sep 88.222p EPA/600/9-87/030
Contract EPA-68-01-3410
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring and Support
Lab.-Cincinnati, OH.
Section 518 of the Water Quality Act of 1987, directed
the United States Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) to study the availability and adequacy of field
and laboratory test procedures and methods to sup-
port the provisions ot the Act. It also requested that the
Agency study the comparability of laboratory test pro-
cedures among major federal environmental pro-
Prams. In the study: (1) monitoring requirements of the
ederal Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA) and
other environmental legislation were reviewed; (2) test
procedures in 40 CFR 136 were evaluated to deter-
mine the degree to which they support the FWPCA
monitoring requirements; (3) the adequacy and com-
parability of quality assurance/quality control pro-
grams (QA/QC) to support the FWPCA were evaluat-
ed. The major findings and recommendations resulting
from the study were stated in the report.
Keywords: 'Quality assurance, 'Water analysis,
'Quality control, 'Guidelines, Law(Jurisprudence), Re-
views, Performance evaluation, Standards, Biological
surveys. Comparison, Tables(Data), State govern-
ment, Water quality, Accuracy, Drinking water, Feder-
al Water Pollution Control Act, 'Environmental moni-
toring, 'Water pollution sampling, 'Water pollution de-
tection.
PBM-153712/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 8):
California Oulch, Leadvllle, Lake County, Colora-
do, March 1988. First Remedial Action.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Mar 88,183p EPA/ROD/R08-88/020
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The California Gulch site is located in Lake County,
Colorado, approximately 100 miles southwest of
Deliver. The study area for the first remedial action en-
compasses an 11.5 sq m watershed, which Includes
the city of Leadvllle, that drains along California Gulch
to the Arkansas River. Between 1859 and 1986, the
area was extensively mined for gold, lead, silver,
copper, zinc and manganese. Because of these mining
operations, the Yak Tunnel was constructed to
dewater mines and facilitate mineral exploration and
development. Studies indicate that the Yak Tunnel dis-
charges a combined total of 210 tons per year of cad-
mium, load, copper, manganese, iron, and zinc into
California Gulch, which drains into the Arkansas River.
Both California Gulch and the Arkansas River are used
by the public for recreation, and the Arkansas River is
hasvily used for irrigation, livestock watering, public
water supply and fisheries as well. Primary contami-
nants of concern affecting the surface water, sedi-
ments, and ground water are cadmium, copper, lead
and zinc.
Keywords: 'Mining, 'Hazardous materials, 'Water pol-
lution, Mine waters, Drainage, Metals, Arkansas River,
Water supply, Surface waters, Ground water, Dewater-
iiig 'Superfund program, Record of decision, 'Lake
OMjnty(Cotorado).
MM-163720/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
gHP—fcmd Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
Mo Reflnlng Site, Harris County, Texas, March
IMS. First Remedial Action. Final rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
31Mar 88,87p EPA-ROD/R06-88/031
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The 58-acre Brio Refining site is located in Harris
County, Texas, approximately 20 miles southeast of
Houston. The site is broken into two parcels, 49-acre
Brio North and 9-acre Brio South, separated by Drive
Farm Road. Between 1957 and 1982 the site refined
crude oil and styrene tars to produce toluene, ethyl-
benzene, solvents, naphthalene, diesel fuel and kero-
sene. Site investigation indicate that between 500,000-
700,000 sq yds of onsite soil have measurable con-
tamination, and that high levels of VOCs exist in
ground water underlying the site. The selected remedi-
al action for the Brio Refining site includes: Excavation
and incineration or biological treatment of all onsite
soils, sludges, and liquids found to be above action
levels defined in the Endangerment Assessment, with
backfilling of all treated material passing the Toxicity
Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP).
Keywords: 'Refineries, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste
disposal. Organic compounds, Site surveys, Solvents,
Cycloalkane hydrocarbons, Tars, Crude oil, Storage,
Vaporizing, Diesel fuels, Ground water, Soil properties,
Sludge disposal, Excavation, Incinerators, Backfills,
Cost estimates, Texas, 'Superfund program, 'Harris
CountyfTexas), Record of Decision.
PB89-153738/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 8):
Dixie Oil Processors Site, Harris County, Texas,
March 1988. First Remedial Action.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
31 Mar 88,79p EPA-ROD/R06-88/032
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The 26.6-acre Dixie Oil Processors (DOP) site is locat-
ed approximately 20 miles southeast of Houston. Be-
tween 1969 and 1978, the DOP North parcel operated
as a copper recovery and hydrocarbon washing facili-
ty. Six surface impoundments were used to store
copper wastewater and wastewater from the hydrocar-
bon washing operation prior to recovery and treat-
ment. In 1978, DOP began operations on the South
parcel of the site, including: regeneration of cuprous
chloride catalyst; hydrocarbon washing to produce
ethylbenzene, toluene, aromatic solvents and styrene
pitch; oil recovery; and blending and distilling chemical
residues to produce fuel oil, creosote extender and
molybdenum concentrate catalyst. The North parcel
wastes were disposed of onsite in tanks, drums, and
waste pits. Sampling indicates contamination of sur-
face and subsurface soils and shallow ground water.
The selected remedial actions for the site are dis-
cussed. The estimated present worth costs of the
remedy is $241,000.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, Sites, Li-
censes, Public health, Water pollution, Petroleum re-
fining, Copper, Organic compounds, Hydrocarbons,
Solid waste disposal, Cost analysis, Regulations, Son
analysis, 'Remedial actions, 'Superfund program,
'Liquid waste disposal, 'Solid waste management,
'Cleanup operations, 'Hazardous waste sites, 'Land
pollution. Region 6, Harris CountyfTexas).
PB89-153746/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
Sands Springs Petrochemical Complex, Tulsa
County, Oklahoma. June 1988. Second Remedial
Action.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
28 Jun 88.43p EPA/ROD/R06-88/033
The 235-acre Sand Springs Petrochemical site is a
former refinery and solvent recycling facility that oper-
ated between 1900 and the early 1970s. The site con-
sists of unlined acid sludge pits, a surface impound-
ment, solvent and waste oil lagoons, and several sub-
surface sludge pits and spray ponds. Primary contami-
nants of concern affecting tne soil, shallow ground
water, and sediments were organic solvents and
heavy metals. In September, 1987, a source control
Record of Decision was signed to control and destroy
the major sources of contamination. This second
Record of Decision deals with the remainder of the
site, primarily shallow ground water and minimally con-
taminated soil. The selected remedial action for re-
mainder of the Sand Springe site is no further action.
Based upon the findings of the Remedial Investiga-
tion/Feasibility Study, tne Endangerment Assessment
for the operable unit concluded that no significant risk
to public health or the environment exists. Estimated
capital cost of the remedy is $9,300 with annual O&M
costs of $45,600.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, Sites, Li-
censes, Public health, Water pollution, Organic com-
pounds, Solid waste disposal, Cost analysis, Regula-
tions, 'Remedial actions, 'Superfund program, 'Liquid
waste disposal, 'Cleanup operations, 'Hazardous
waste sites, Region 6, Sand Springs(Oklahoma),
Heavy metals, Volatile organic compounds(VOCs).
PB89-153753/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
Bailey Waste Disposal Site, Orange, Texas, June
1988. First Remedial Action. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
28 Jun 88,27p EPA/ROD/R06-88/035
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Bailey Waste Disposal site is an inactive industrial
waste facility located approximately 3 miles southwest
of Bridge City, Orange County, Texas and is part of a
saltwater marshland which includes two ponds. Indus-
trial wastes, primarily organics, were disposed of along
the north and east margins of Pond A with four sepa-
rate areas of contamination identified. They include: a
waste channel that contains a minimum of 44,000 cu
yd of industrial waste and debris; an area that contains
21,000 cu yd of municipal and industrial waste; a drum
disposal area that contains fifty-eight corroded drums
witn 80 cu yd of industrial waste; and a series of waste
pits that contains 1900 cu yd of tar-like wastes. The
primary contaminants affecting the sediments include:
VOCs, aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons, PAHs,
and metals. The selected remedial actions for this site
are discussed. The estimated present worth for this re-
medial action is $13,700,000.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Site surveys, Sites, Licenses, Public health,
Water pollution, Organic compounds, Solid waste dis-
posal, Cost analysis, Regulations, 'Remedial actions,
'Superfund program, 'Cleanup operations, Bridge
City (Texas).
PB89-153781/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6): In-
dustrial Waste Control, Fort Smith, Arkansas,
June 1988. First Remedial Action. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
28 Jun 88,88p EPA/ROD/R06-88/036
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The 8-acre Industrial Waste Control (IWC) site, an
abandoned coal strip mine, is a closed industrial waste
landfill about 8 miles southeast of Fort Smith near
Jenny Lind, Sebastian County, Arkansas. Landfilling
operations began in the late 1960s or early 1970s and
primarily dealt with municipal refuse and debris, and in-
dustrial trash. The site received liquid wastes (includ-
ing methylene chloride, phenols, cresylic acid, and
paints), solid wastes, and sludges. In March 1977, sur-
face impoundments overflowed and contaminated a
local pond and pastures north of the site resulting in a
fish kill in the pond and the death of several cattle.
Consequently, the site was covered, recontoured, and
closed by the State in 1978. Four areas of contamina-
tion have been identified at the site. The selected re-
medial action for the site includes: installation of a
french drain along the south, west and east sides of
the site with a synthetic liner or other barrier, excava-
tion and onsite stabilization soil with onsite disposal of
residual matrix in the Area C excavation pit. The esti-
mated present worth cost for this remedial action is
$11,400,000.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Strip mining, Earth fills, Site surveys,
Organic compounds, Phenols, Chloromethanes,
Paints, Excavation, Drains, Soil stabilization,
Pit8(Excavations), Ditches, Cost estimates, Arkansas,
'Superfund program, Record of Decision, 'Sebastian
County(Arkansas).
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB89-153779/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
Wamchem Site, Burton, Beaufort County, South
Carolina, June 1988. First Remedial Action. Final
rapt.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Jun 88, 54pEPA/ROD/R04-88/037
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The 21-acre Wamchem site is located in Burton, Beau-
fort County, South Carolina on a small island in the
midst of a salt marsh near a tidal stream. Between
1959 and 1972, the Beaufort Chemical and Research
Company operated the site, producing dyes for the
textile industry; in 1972, M. Lowenstein Company pur-
chased the facility and continued operations until
1981. Liquid wastes generated at the site were dis-
charged to a drainage ditch leading to two unlined
ponds. Ground water contamination was documented
at the site in 1982. The selected remedial actions for
this site are discussed. The estimated capital cost for
this remedial action is $1,310,000, with annual O&M of
$155,100.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, Sites, Licenses, Public
health, Water pollution, Dyes, Organic compounds,
Cost analysis, Regulations, Soil analysis, Ground
water, 'Remedial actions, 'Superfund program,
'Liquid waste disposal, 'Cleanup operations, 'Hazard-
ous waste sites, Region 4, Beaufort County(South
Carolina), Volatile organic compounds(VOCs).
PB89-153787/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record ot Decision (EPA Region 3):
New Castle Steel Site, New Castle County, Dela-
ware, March 1988. First Remedial Action. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
31 Mar 88,36p EPA/ROD/R03-88/046
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The New Castle Steel site (NCS) is a 3-acre disposal
dump, located in New Castle, Delaware. The site is di-
vided into two parts by a city drainage channel. One
portion of the site, the inactive disposal area, occupies
1.3 acres, and the active area occupies 1.7 acres.
Since operations began in 1907, solid waste generat-
ed by the Deemer Steel Company (DSC), located im-
mediately across the NCS site, was piled and periodi-
cally spread over the surface of the disposal areas.
The waste consisted primarily of black sand which may
contain small quantities of bentonite and corn flour.
Between 1973 and 1980, electric furnace dust was
generated at the rate of 9.8 tons per year. In Decem-
ber 1980, the electric furnace dust was found to be EP-
toxic for cadmium, chromium, and lead. The selected
remedial action for this site is no further action. EPA
will monitor surface wastes for lead until the site is de-
leted from the National Priorities List (NPL) and closed
under the State closure law.
Keywords: 'Iron and Steel Industry, 'Hazardous mate-
rials, 'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Organic com-
pounds, Sands, Solid waste disposal, Bentonite, Dust,
Electric arc furnaces, Monitoring, Delaware, 'Super-
fund program, Record of Decision, New
Castle(Delaware).
PB89-153795/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record ot Decision (EPA Region 3): Or-
dance Works Disposal Superfund Site, Morgan-
town, West Virginia, March 1988. First Remedial
Action.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
31 Mar 88,47p EPA/ROD/R03-88/042
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Ordnance Works Disposal site, also known as the
Morgantown Ordnance Works, is located one mile
south of Morgantown, West Virginia. Remediation fo-
cuses on the waste disposal area, which consists of an
inactive landfill, two former lagoons and the surround-
ina impacted area, and a scraped area of bare soil.
The landfill was reportedly used from 1942 untfM962
for the disposal of various solid chemical pastes.
Waste materials identified included: construction
debris, slag, ash, and catalyst piliets, with arsenic and
carcinogenic PAHs (CPAHs) detected n the soils at
concentrations exceeding risk-based clea""PJ®.*®'®-
CPAHs have been identified at levels exceeding clean-
up standards in the area adjacent to the lagoons. The
scraped area was an active disposal area for solid
wastes; arsenic and CPAHs exceed the proposed
cleanup levels. The selected remedial actions for this
site are detailed. The estimated present worth cost for
the remedial action is $6,718,000.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys. Sites, Li-
censes, Public health, Water pollution, Organic com-
pounds, Arsenic, Solid waste disposal, Cost analysis,
Regulations, Polyaromatic hydrocarbons, 'Remedial
actions, 'Superfund program, 'Solid waste manage-
ment, 'Cleanup operations, 'Hazardous waste sites,
Region 3, Morgantown(West Virginia).
PB89-153803/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Chisman Creek Site, Grafton, York County, Virgin-
ia, March 1988. Second Remedial Action. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
31 Mar 88,52p EPA/ROD/R03-88/044
See also PB87-188561.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The Chisman Creek site is located near Grafton in
York County, Virginia. The Record of Decision (ROD)
addresses operable unit two, which consists of three
ponds (designated A, B, and C), the freshwater tribu-
tary, and the Chisman Creek estuary. The site is locat-
ed within the watershed of Chisman Creek, a tributary
of the Chesapeake Bay. Between 1957 and 1974, fly
ash from the Virginia Power Yorktown Power Generat-
ing Station was disposed of in four abandoned sand
gravel borrow pits located approximately two miles
south of the generating station. The fly ash disposal
areas, became known as the Chisman Creek Super-
fund site. Between 1971 and 1973, all fly ash in Area D
was removed and deposited in Area C. Area D was re-
portedly filled with construction rubble generated
during the construction of public utilities in the area at
that time. The remedial action, begun in November
1987.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste
disposal, 'Chisman Creek Estuary, Site surveys, Public
health, Water pollution, Arsenic, Cadmium,
Lead(Metal), Fly asn, Pits(Excavations), Water wells,
Construction, Sampling, Virginia, 'Superfund program,
Record of Decision.
PB89-153811/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
Alpha Chemical, Alpha Rosins Corporation Site,
Lakeland, Florida, May 1988. First Remedial
Action. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Mar 88,48p EPA/ROD/R04-88/033
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Alpha Chemical site, located in Kathleen, Florida,
consists of over 32 acres, that comprise the Alpha
Resins Corporation (ARC), a facility of the Alpha
Chemical Corporation. Surface water from the site
drains into a swampy, low-lying wetland area. The fa-
cility has produced unsaturated polyester resin for fi-
berglass manufacturers since 1967. After switching to
incineration, Pond 4 dried up. A waste stream, referred
to as the 'water of reaction,' is produced as a by-prod-
uct of polyester resin formation. The percolation ponds
have not been used since 1976. At that time, a thermal
oxidizer was installed to incinerate the waste stream
rather than place it in the percolation ponds. It was
then used for one year as a solid waste landfill by ARC.
In April 1983, a ground water assessment report Indi-
cated industrial Impacts on the surficial aquifer. The
selected remedial action for the site is discussed. The
estimated capital cost for the remedial action is
$142,400, with present worth O&M of $186,200.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, Sites, Licenses, Public
health, Water pollution, Organic compounds, Solid
waste disposal, Cost analysis, Regulations, 'Remedial
actions, ^Superfund program, 'Cleanup operations,
Kathleen(Florida), Wetlands.
PB89-153829/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Superfund Record ot Decision (EPA Region 6):
Coshocton Landfill, Coshocton, Ohio, Jun* 1B88.
First Remedial Action. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
17 Jun 88,92p EPA/ROD/R05-88/067
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Coshocton City Landfill, an 80-acre landfill, is lo-
cated in Franklin Township, Coshocton County, Ohio.
The waste received at the landfill consisted of mixed
municipal refuse and industrial wastes including rela-
tively inert solid scrap wastes, nonhazardous materi-
als, and hazardous liquid waste types such as spent
chlorinated solvents, non-chlorinated flammable sol-
vents, resins, and plasticizers. The primary contami-
nants of concern affecting the surface and ground
water at this site include: carbon disulfide, TCE, PAHs,
chlorinated and non-chlorinated solvents, and heavy
metals (mostly arsenic). The selected remedial action
is discussed. The implementation of the remedial
action will entail a capital investment of $8,010,000,
with a present value of O&M cost of $910,000 associ-
ated with the remedy.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, Sites, Li-
censes, Public health, Water pollution, Organic com-
pounds, Arsenic, Solid waste disposal, Cost analysis,
Regulations, 'Remedial actions, ^Superfund program,
'Solid waste management, 'Cleanup operations,
'Hazardous waste sites, 'Municipal wastes, Region S,
Liquid waste disposal, Coshocton City(Ohio).
PB89-1S3837/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
Ninth Avenue Dump, Gary, Indiana, September
1988. First Remedial Action.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
20 Sep 88,47p EPA/ROD/R05-88/071
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Ninth Avenue Dump (NAD) is a 17-acre inactive
chemical and industrial waste disposal site located in
Gary, Indiana. NAD is located in a low-lying area with
poor drainage. Prior to filling, the site consisted of par-
allel ridges separated by wetlands areas. Hazardous
waste disposal activities occurred at the site from early
to mid 1970s with some filling continuing until 1980.
The site accepted dry industrial, construction and
demolition waste, oil, solvents, paint solvents and
sludges, resins, sands, and flammable, caustic and ar-
senic-contaminated materials. In 1975 and 1980 EPA
ordered the site operator to initiate surface cleanups.
The first operable unit addresses remediation of an oil
layer floating on the ground water surface, the princi-
pal environmental threat at the site. The selected re-
medial action for the site includes: Construction of a
soll-bentonite slurry wall to completely surround the
hydrocarbon layer; separate extraction of oil and
ground water through a series of central extraction
wells. The estimated capital cost for the remedial
action is $1,960,000 with annual O&M of $190,000.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Organic compounds.
Earth fills, Construction materials, Oils, Solvents,
Sludge disposal, Resins, Ground water, Arsenic, Ben-
tonite, Walls, Benzene, Metals, Indiana, 'Superfund
program, Record of Decision, Gary(lndiana).
PB89-163845/HSU	PC A12/MF AQ1
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4k
Chemtronlcs Site, Swannanoa, Buncombe County.
North Carolina. April 1988. First Remedial Action.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
5 Apr 88.262p EPA/ROD/R04-88/032
Portions ol this document are not fully legible.
The Chemtronlcs site, an active waste disposal facility,
is located In a rural area of Swannanoa, Buncombe
County, North Carolina. The 1,027-acre site was devel-
oped as an industrial facility in 1952. Several compa-
nies operated the facility prior to Its purchase by
Chemtronlcs, Inc. in 1978. Waste disposal operations
only occurred over approximately ten acres of the site.
Existing records indicate the presence of twenty-three
individual onsite disposal areas (OAs) which are
grouped into six discrete areas. Disposal practices
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
prior to 1971 were not well defined; however, solid
waste materials and possibly solvents were incinerat-
ed in pits dug in an area. Additionally, chemical wastes
were disposed of in trenches beside this burning
ground. Waste materials generated in the production
of the chemical warfare agent, and the tear gas agent
ware placed in 55-gallon arums with a neutralizing so-
lution, and then buried onsite in trench-type landfills.
The selected remedial action for the sites includes:
multi-layer capping of sites and the acid pit area with
fencing, placement of a vegetative cover over the cap,
and installation of a gas collection ventilation system, if
necessary; treatability studies for soils associated with
one site DA-23 to determine the most appropriate soil
fixation/stabilization/solidification process and mixing
ratios followed by onsite capping.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste
disposal, Sites, Solid waste disposal, Liquids, Sol-
vents, Incinerators, Pits(Excavations), Military chemi-
cal agents, Sediments, Organic compounds, Benzene,
Vaporizing, 'Superfund program, Record of decision,
Buncombe County(North Carolina), Chemicals.
PB89-153852/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 10):
Gould Site, Portland, Oregon, March 1988. First
Remedial Action.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
31 Mar 88,92p EPA/ROD/R10-88/013
The Gould site is located in a heavily Industrial area of
Portland, Oregon, approximately 1.3 miles southeast
of SL John's Bridge. The site is contained in a 60-acre
study area consisting of the Gould property and outly-
ing areas containing battery casings and other resi-
dues from site operations. Between 1949 and 1981,
various owners operated the site as a secondary lead
smelting facility specializing in lead-acid battery recy-
cling, lead-smelting and refining, zinc alloying and
casting, cable sweating, and lead oxide production.
Operations ceased in August 1981. The primary con-
taminants of concern affecting the soil and sediments
are lead and lead oxide. The selected remedial action
for the soils unit at the site include: excavation of all
battery casing fragments and matte from the Gould
property and adjacent contaminated areas; a phased
design program to determine the amount of material
that can be recycled, and to minimize the amount of
material that must be RCRA landfilled.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Organic compounds,
Earth fills, Smelting, Electric batteries, Acid electro-
lltes, Lead(Metai), Lead oxides, Monitoring, Toxicity,
Soils, Ground water, Oregon, 'Superfund program,
Record of Decision, Portland(Oregon), Recycling.
PBM-154462/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of the Assistant Administrator for Water.
Directory of National Citizen Volunteer Environ-
mental Monitoring Programs.
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Sea Grant Program.
Sep 88,19p* EPA/530/9-88/001
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of the Assistant Administrator
for Water.
The directory was compiled from responses filled out
by programs participating in the Role of Citizen Volun-
teers in Environmental Monitoring Workshop held May
23-25,1988 at The University of Rhode island. It con-
tains the names, addresses, and brief descriptions of
volunteer monitoring programs from around the coun-
try (with a focus on water quality monitoring programs)
that participated in the workshop.
Keywords: 'Directories, 'Water quality, Water re-
sources, 'Environmental monitoring, 'Volunteers,
'Voluntary organizations.
PBM-1S504B/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Prevention Reference Manual: Chemical Specific.
Volume 14. Control of Accidental Releases of
Ftiososn* Final rept. Nov 87-Sep 88,
Rarfan Corp., Austin, TX.
n s Davis, G. B. DeWoif, S. R. Penrod, and J. D.
OHM. Jan 89,134p DCN-87-203-024-90-32, EPA/
600/8-87/034N
Contracts EPA-68-02-3994, EPA-68-02-4286
See also PB88-103734. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park. NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report, discussing phosgene, is one of a series ad-
dressing the prevention of accidental releases of toxic
chemicals. Phosgene, a highly reactive and corrosive
liquid that boils at room temperature, has an Immedi-
ately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) concentra-
tion of 2 ppm, which makes it a substantially acute
toxic hazard. Reducing the risk associated with an ac-
cidental release of phosgene involves identifying some
of the potential causes of accidental releases that
apply to processes that use phosgene. The manual
identifies examples of potential causes and measures
that may be taken to reduce the accidental release
risk. Such measures include recommendations on
plant design practices, prevention, protection, and
mitigation technologies, and operation and mainte-
nance practices. Conceptual cost estimates of possi-
ble prevention, protection, and mitigation measures
are provided.
Keywords: 'Accident prevention, 'Phosgene, 'Toxici-
ty, 'Air pollution control, Industrial plants, Design,
Public health, Manuals, Cost analysis, Tables(Data),
Chemical releases, Mitigation.
PB89-155055/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Prevention Reference Manual: Chemical Specific.
Volume IS. Control of Accidental Releases of
Sulfur Trioxlde. Final rept. Jun 87-Sep 88,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
D. S. Davis, G. B. DeWoif, K. E. Hummel, and J. D.
Quass. Jan 89,116p DCN-88-239-004-41 -07, EPA/
600/8-87/0340
Contracts EPA-68-02-3994. EPA/68-02-4286
See also PB89-155048. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report, discussing sulfur trioxide (S03), is one of a
series addressing the prevention of accidental re-
leases of toxic chemicals. S03, a clear oily liquid or
solid at typical ambient conditions, has an Immediately
Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) concentration of
20 ppm, which makes it an acutely toxic hazard. Re-
ducing the risk associated with an accidental release
of S03 involves identifying some of the potential
causes of accidental releases that apply to process fa-
cilities than manufacture or use the chemical. The
manual identifies examples of potential causes and
measures that may be taken to reduce the accidental
release risk. Such measures include recommenda-
tions on plant design practices, prevention, protection,
and mitigation technologies, and operation and main-
tenance practices. Conceptual cost estimates of ex-
ample prevention, protection, and mitigation measures
are provided.
Keywords: 'Accident prevention, 'Sulfur oxides, 'Tox-
icity, 'Air pollution control, Manuals, Risk, Industrial
plants, Design, Cost estimates. Public health, Recom-
mendations, Maintenance, Hazards, Inspection,
Tables(Data), Standards, 'Sulfur trioxide, Chemical re-
leases.
PB89-15S063/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Prevention Reference Manual: Control Technol-
ogies. Volume 2. Post-Release Mitigation Meas-
ures for Controlling Accidental Releases of Air
Toxica. Final rept. Jun 87-Sep 88,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
D. S. Davis, G. B. DeWoif, K. A. Feriand, D. L. Harper,
and R. C. Keeney. Jan 89.215p EPA/600/8-87/039B
Contracts EPA-68-02-3994, EPA-68-02-4286
See also PB87-228656 and PB89-15S055. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
jjle^Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research
The report covers post-release mitigation measures to
control accidental releases of air toxics. This can be
accomplished by a variety of mitigation measures that
can contain, capture, destroy, divert, or disperse the
released chemical. Mitigation measures begin with the
initial siting and layout of a facility to decrease the area
that would be affected by a release. The extent of the
area potentially affected, the concentrations of toxic
chemicals reaching those areas, and the duration of
exposure can be estimated by vapor or gas dispersion
modeling. The extent and magnitude of an actual re-
lease can be determined using meteorological instru-
ments. Other measures involve the use of various miti-
gation techniques. The general application costs of
these methods are discussed.
Keywords: 'Chemical plants, 'Hazardous materials,
'Accidents, 'Air pollution control, 'Manuals, Stand-
ards, Control equipment, Toxicity, Design criteria, 'Air
toxic substances, 'Risk assessment, 'Emergency
planning, 'Accidental release.
PB89-155204/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Biological Monitoring Systems for Hazardous
Waste Sites (Production and Analysis of Analyti-
cal Reference Materials),
Nevada Univ., Reno.
V. R. Bohman, C. R. Biincoe, G. C. Miller, R. L. Scholl,
and W. W. Sutton. Feb 89,191 p EPA/600/4-89/007
Contracts EPA-68-03-3100, EPA-68-03-3050
Sponsored in part by Contract EPA-68-02-3173 and
Grant EPA-R-809787. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
EPA programs in pesticides, toxics, and hazardous
waste require analytical reference materials. The
project emphasized the collection of and analysis of
urine, fat, and blood for ultimate use as reference sam-
ples and the practicality of using certain metabolites to
indicate previous exposure to chlorinated hydrocar-
bons. The reference samples can, with verified com-
pound concentrations, be used as qualifying samples
when evaluating a technique to use for a particular
analysis. However, the reference materials may be of
greatest benefit when used by laboratories to deter-
mine analytical accuracy for samples of human urine,
blood, etc. This is because the standards, like the un-
known samples, will contain pollutant compounds and
associated metabolites (all in vivo Incorporated). Dairy
animals were used during this study.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Chemical analysis,
'Chlorohydrocarbons, 'Contaminants, Exposure,
Urine, Production, Fat analysis, Blood, Site surveys,
Wastes, Tables(Data), 'Environmental monitoring,
'Standard reference materials, Metabolites.
PB89-155212/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Automated Monitoring System for Fish Physiolo-
gy and Toxicology,
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
R. W. Carlson, G. J. Lien, and B. A. Holmen. Feb 89,
86p EPA/600/3-89/011
Prepared in cooperation with American Scientific Inter-
national, Duluth, MN.
The report describes a data acquisition and control
(DAC) system that was constructed to manage select-
ed physiological measurements and sample control for
aquatic physiology and toxicology. Automated DAC
was accomplished with a microcomputer running
menu-driven software developed with an extended
BASIC. Automated measurements were made of tem-
perature, ventilation volume, oxygen content of expo-
sure (Inspired) and expired water, and pH of both
waters from four in vivo rainbow trout (Salmo galrdneri)
preparations. Oxygen uptake efficiency and oxygen
consumption were calculated. Urine and expired water
samples were also collected from all fish. Non-auto-
mated sampling included ventilation frequency, cough
frequency, the electrocardiogram, and aortic blood
from an implanted canula. Sampled blood was ana-
lyzed for oxygen, carbon dioxide, pH, hematocrit, and
hemoglobin. The respiratory-cardiovascular data gath-
ered with this system were used to define fish acute
toxicity syndromes (FATS) specific to known modes of
toxic action.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Toxicity, 'Physiology, Data acqui-
sition, Bioinstrumentation, Automatic control. Oxygen,
pH, Urine, Body temperature, Ventilation, Computer
systems programs, In vivo analysis. Trout, Aquatic ani-
mals, Computer systems hardware, Detectors, Blood,
Sampling, Rainbow trout, Salmo galrdneri. Environ-
mental effects.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB89-155220/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Quality Assurance Support for the National At-
mospheric Deposition Program and National
Trends Network Monitoring Activites: 1967-1990.
Interim Report.
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Natural Resources
Ecology Lab.
D. S. Bigelow, and B. I. Bennett. Feb 89,344p EPA/
600/3-89/012
Grant EPA-R-813910
See also PB88-174438. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Lab.
The report summarizes the quality assurance activities
of the NADP/NTN network from mid-1987 through
mid-1988. The report presents some accomplish-
ments and makes recommendations for the network.
The report discusses data quality issues relating to site
representativeness, field versus laboratory measure-
ments of pH, site operator turnover rates and various
monitoring network reviews. The report also contains
the previously released 'NADP/NTN Instruction
Manual for Site Operation' and the 'Quality Assurance
Report of NADP/NTN Deposition Monitoring for Labo-
ratory Operations' as well as an NADP/NTN quality as-
surance bibliography.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Atmospheric composition,
'Deposition, 'Air pollution, States(United States),
Quality control, Field tests, Laboratories, Sites, Rec-
ommendations, Trends, pH, Manuals, Rain gages, Op-
erations, Surveys.
PB89-155238/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Stability of Parts-Per-Blllion Hazardous Organic
Cylinder Oases and Performance Audit Results of
Source Test and Ambient Air Measurement Sys-
tems. status Report 5,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
V. R. Bryant, G. B. Howe, S. B. Tompkins, R. K. M.
Jayanty, and C. K. Sokol. Feb 89,320p EPA/600/3-
89/014
Contract EPA-68-02-4550
See also PB88-201504. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Lab.
An evaluation of 29 gaseous organic compounds at
PPB levels in compressed gas cylinders was conduct-
6? by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA). Primary objectives of this on-going project are
to: (1) evaluate the quality of measurements made by
EPA, state/local agencies or their contractors by using
PPB gas cylinders for performance audits to assess
relative accuracy of source measurement systems
during hazardous waste trial burn tests and ambient air
monitoring programs; (2) verify the manufacturer's cer-
tified analysis of the multi-component gas mixtures; (3)
determine stability of gas mixtures with time; and (4)
develop new audit materials as requested by EPA. Re-
sults of these audits and description of experimental
procedures used for analyses and available stability
data are in Status Report No. 5.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Incineration, 'Gas
cylinders, 'Quality assurance, 'Gas analysis, 'Organic
compounds, Standarda, Waste disposal, Tables(Oata),
Concentration(Composition), State government,
Sources, Experimental design, Performance evalua-
tion, Calibrating, Stability, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Air
pollution detection.
PB89-155246/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Precision and Accuracy Assessments for State
and Local Air Monitoring Networks, 1987,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
J. C. Suggs. Feb 89,156p EPA/600/3-89/015
See also report for 1986, PB88-180138.
Precision and accuracy data obtained from state and
local agencies during 1987 are analyzed. Pooled site
variances and average biases which are relevant
ouantities to both precision and accuracy determina-
tions are statistically compared within and between
states to assess the overall effectiveness and consist-
ency in the application of various quality assurance
programs. Individual site results are evaluated for con-
sistent performance throughout the year. Reporting or-
ganizations, states and regions which demonstrate
consistent precision and accuracy data as the result of
effectively administered quality assurance programs
are identified. This information is intended as a guide
for identifying problem areas, for taking corrective
action from the standpoint of improving the effective-
ness of quality assurance programs, and for providing
more knowledgeable decisions concerning attainment
status with regards to ambient air quality standards. An
approach to deal with accuracy data for individual sites
is presented, and an alternative sampling design for
generating precision and accuracy data is discussed.
Keywords: 'Monitoring, 'Quality assurance, 'Atmos-
pheric composition, Measuring instruments, State gov-
ernment, Local government, Performance evaluation,
Concentration(Composition), Assessments, Sites,
Quality control, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Air quality
data.
PB89-155253/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Analytical Method Evaluation for Measuring Ethyl-
ene Oxide Emissions from Commercial Dilute-
Acid Hydrolytlc Control Units. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. Steger, and J. H. Margeson. Feb 89,149p EPA/
600/3-89/016
Contract EPA-68-02-4119
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Expo-
sure Assessment Lab.
The Source Branch of the Environmental Protection
Agency's (EPA) Environmental Monitoring Systems
Laboratory (EMSL) at Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina has a program to develop stationary source
test methods of known precision and accuracy for de-
termining compliance with EPA standards. While par-
ticipating in this program, Radian Corporation per-
formed a field evaluation of a method for sampling and
analyzing ethylene oxide (EO) in the vent stream from
a dilute acid scrubber of a commercial sterilizer. The
purposes of the test were to evaluate the ability of the
analytical method to quantitate EO in scrubber emis-
sions, to determine EO stability in sample containers,
and to measure the EO concentration profile and EO-
to-oxygen and EO-to-dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-
12) ratios during the initial sterilizer evacuation.
Keywords: "Gas analysis, 'Air pollution control equip-
ment, 'Ethylene oxide, 'Gas scrubbers,
Concentration(Composition), Performance evaluation.
Sampling, Gas chromatography, Tables(Data), 'Sta-
tionary sources, 'Air pollution detection, Air pollution
sampling, 'Freon 12, Methane/dichloro-difluoro.
PB89-155201/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Stability of Parts-per-Mllllon Organic Cylinder
Oases and Results of Source Test Analysis
Audits: Status Report Number 10,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Center for Environmental Measurement.
G. B. Howe, J. R. Albritton, S. B. Tompkins, R. K. M.
Ja^an^, and C. E. Decker. Feb 89,116p EPA/600/3-
Contract EPA-68-02-4550
See also PB88-158761. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Lab.
A repository of 45 gaseous compounds including hy-
drocarbons, halocarbon, and sum* species has been
established under contract with the U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency (USEPA). The main objectives of
this on-going project are (1) to provide gas mixtures to
EPA, state/local agencies, or their contractors, as per-
formance audits to assess the accuracy of source
emission measurements in certain organic chemical
manufacturing industries, (2) to corroborate the ven-
dor's certified analysis of the gas mixtures by in-house
analysis, (3) to determine the stability of the gas mix-
tures with time by in-house analysis, and (4) to explore
the feasibility of materials as requested by EPA. Thus
far, 31 compounds have been used to conduct 232 dif-
ferent audits. The results of these audits and a descrip-
tion of the experimental procedures used for analyses
and available stability data are presented in the status
report.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, 'Air pollution, 'Gas cyl-
inders, 'Auditing, 'Gases, Quality assurance, Stability,
Concentration(Composition), Halohydrocarbons, Gas
analysis, Organic compounds, Mixtures, Tests, *Air
pollution detection.
PB89-155279/HSU	PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Analysis of Acid Precipitation Samples Collected
by State Agencies: January-December 1987,
Global Geochemistry Corp., Canoga Park, CA.
R. McCracken, and L. Shepard. Feb 89,489p EPA/
600/3-89/018
Contract EPA-68-02-4454
See also PB88-124292. Portions of this document are
not fully legible. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospher-
ic Research and Exposure Assessment Lab.
The report presents the analytical data from the 31
acid precipitation collection sites in the State Operated
Network. Samples are collected weekly in plastic bag
liners and shipped in 500 ml polyethylene bottles to
Global Geochemistry Corp. (the central laboratory for
the network). The report contains maps showing the
location of each site, plots of analytical data, tables of
all field and analytical data, plots comparing field and
laboratory pH and conductivity, and information on
data quality. Samples are analyzed for pH, strong acid,
conductivity, fluoride, chloride, nitrite, phosphate, bro-
mide, nitrate, sulfate, ammonium, sodium, potassium,
calcium and magnesium.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Chemical analysis,
*States(United States), Acidification, Sites, Laborato-
ries, Maps, pH, Concentration(Composition), Conduc-
tivity, Haiides, Nitrites, Nitrogen inorganic compounds,
Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magneslurrt,
Tables(Data), 'Acid precipitation, Global.
PB89-155527/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
SRF (State Revolving Fund) Letter of Credit How
is It Used in EPA's (Environmental Protection
Agency's) State Revolving Fund Program.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Municipal Pollution Control.
Sep 88,55p* EPA/430/09-68/009
See also PB88-169784.
The brochure supplements the EPA publication 'Initial
State Guidance for State Revolving Funds.' It explains
in detail EPA's Letter of Credit system. The appendix
includes a glossary of program terminology, key provi-
sions of the SRF Initial Guidance, and IRS Nonce 88-
54 on the tax-exempt status of the program. A list Of
contact persons is also included.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, Federal assist-
ance programs, Subsidies, State government, Financ-
ing, 'Water pollution economics, 'State Revolving
Fund program, 'Waste water treatment, Water Quality
Act of 1987.
PB89-1SS774/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Cape Cod Aquifer Management Project (CCAMP)
Bibliographies: Publications and Maps. Final rapt
Environmental Protection Agency, Boston, MA.
Region I.
Oct 88,37p EPA/901/3-88/002
See also PB89-155808 and PB89-106298, Prepared in
cooperation with Geological Survey, Boston, MA.
Water Resources Div., Massachusetts Dept. of Envi-
ronmental Quality Engineering, Boston, and Cape Cod
Planning and Economic Development Commission,
Barnstable, MA.
Recent contamination of both public and private
supply wells in parts of Cape Cod, MA caused the
need to examine the adequacy of existing groundwater
protection programs and recommend Improvements.
From that project came a survey of available sotma*
of information. From an inventory of books, report*,
maps and journal articles in the EPA Libraiy and of-
fices of DEQE, CCPEDC and USGS (the paittdpattna
agencies) came a consolidated Hst of over 300 reports.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
books, maps and journal articles dealing with ground-
water related topics with emphasis on Cape Cod, MA,
particularly Barnstable and Eastham. To make the list-
ing easier to use, we separated it by type of material:
bibliographic citations and map references. While bib-
liographies are generally listed by author, we chose to
list by title because the emphasis in this collection was
on subject related material and many of the references
did not have authors. Information on each title may in-
clude source of publication, date, author, and abstract
or publication or type of map; location, if owned by one
of the participating agencies and call number (for publi-
cations).
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, 'Ground water, 'Water
pollution. Documents, Maps, Water supply, Water re-
sources, Abstracts, Hydrology, Public utilities, Water
quality, State government, Rural areas, 'Cape Cod Aq-
uifer Management Project, 'Water management.
PBM-156782/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Cap* Cod Aquifer Management Project (CAMP).
Executive Summary.
Environmental Protection Agency, Boston, MA.
Region I.
Sep 88,20p EPA/901 /3-88/003
See also PB89-155774. Prepared in cooperation with
Geological Survey, Boston, MA. Water Resources
Div., Massachusetts Dept. of Environmental Quality
Engineering, Boston, ana Cape Cod Planning and Eco-
nomic Development Commission, Barnstable, MA.
The Cape Cod Aquifer Management Project (CCAMP)
was initiated in September 1985 to examine the effec-
tiveness of the way in which the groundwater resource
was being protected due to concern over the increas-
ing contamination of the water supplies on Cape Cod,
MA. This is a summary of the two-year intergovern-
mental project which strived to establish new institu-
tional arrangements among levels of government in
order to implement a resource-based approach to
groundwater protection to refine the way groundwater
S managed on Cape Cod. It was intended to provide a
model for other areas in the state, region or nation.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Water pollution, Water re-
sources, Water supply, Hydrology, Public utilities,
State government, Rural areas, Water quality, Effec-
tiveness, Sites, 'Cape Cod Aquifer Management
Project, 'Water management.
PB89-15S790/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Cape Cod Aquifer Management Project (CCAMP):
quM« to Contamination Sources for wellhead
Protection. Draft rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Boston, MA.
Region I.
K. D. Noake, T. Gallagher, and R. Crystal. Sep 88,
320p EPA/901 /3-88/004
See also PB89-155782. Prepared in cooperation with
geological Survey, Boston, MA. Water Resources
Piv., Massachusetts Dept. of Environmental Quality
Engineering, Boston, and Cape Cod Planning and Eco-
nomic Development Commission, Barnstable, MA.
Developed through the combined efforts of scientists,
engineers, planners and regulators representing the
40ur agencies participating in the Cape Cod Aquifer
Management Project (CCAMP), the manual provides
detailed information on 16 potential groundwater con-
taminants or classes of contaminants and 32 common
land use categories. It covers the threat each land use
may pose to groundwater quality, key examples of the
oroducts that contain a particular contaminant,
common uses of the product or contaminant and the
behavior and mobility of the contaminant in the soils
and groundwater. For each land use category, Best
Management Practices (BMPs) are described. The
Quideincludes the Land Use/Public Supply Well Pollu-
tion Potential Matrix which is presented as a poster
and is intended to be used as a convenient reference
source.
Keywords: 'Well heads, 'Ground water, 'Soil analysis,
'Water pollution, 'Guidelines, 'Manuals, Sources,
Land use, Water wells, Water quality, Aquifers, Physi-
cal properties, Hazardous materials, Rural areas,
Drinking water, 'Cape Cod Aquifer Management
Project, Environmental transport, Best technology.
PB89-155808/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Cape Cod Aquifer Management Protect (CCAMP):
Demonstration of a Geographic Information
System for Ground Water Protection,
Environmental Protection Agency, Boston, MA.
Region I.
L. Steppacher. Sep 88, 51Ip EPA/901/3-88/005
See also PB89-155790. Prepared in cooperation with
Geological Survey, Boston, MA. Water Resources
Div., Massachusetts Dept. of Environmental Quality
Engineering, Boston, and Cape Cod Planning and Eco-
nomic Development Commission, Barnstable, MA.
The publication summarizes the application of GIS
Technology to the project. Geographic Information
systems (GIS) technology has the capability of over-
laying various mapped data layers, determining dis-
tances from fixed points, automatic changing of map
scales, and prepanng maps from tabular point data to
better understand the complex issues involved in deci-
sion making. GIS was used for a series of pilot analy-
ses for Cape Cod. The work concentrated on the de-
velopment of a digital database and assessment at
three different geographic levels of analysis: (1) the
zone of contribution to nine public water-supply wells
in a highly urbanized area; (2) a rural, seasonally popu-
lated, summer tourist town; and (3) the Cape Cod pe-
ninsula. The project was designed to raise issues and
answer the types of ground water management ques-
tions being asked on Cape Cod, but also those faced
by ground water managers in other areas of the coun-
try as well.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Information systems,
'Data acquisition, 'Water pollution, Hydrology, Fore-
casting, Assessments, Sites, Water resources, State
government, Water quality, Rural areas, Maps, Geo-
logical surveys, Public utilities, Water supply, Risk,
Land use, 'Water management, 'Geographic informa-
tion systems, 'Cape Cod Aquifer Management Project,
Data base management.
PBM-156067/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Coordinating Research Council, Inc., Atlanta, GA.
Southern California Air Quality Study: Tunable
Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometer Measure-
ments of H202 and H2CO at the Claremont and
Long Beach 'A' Sites. Final rept.,
Unisearch Associates, Inc., Concord (Ontario).
G.I. Mackay, D. R. Karecki, and H.I. Schiff. 9 Nov 88,
337p CRC-APRAC-AP-4-SCAQS-8-1,, CRC-APRAC-
AP-4-SCAQS-10-1
See also PB88-240445. Sponsored by Coordinating
Research Council, Inc., Atlanta, GA.
During the summer and fall of 1987 the State of Cali-
fornia Air Resources Board coordinated the Southern
California Air Quality Study (SCAQS) in the greater Los
Angeles area to address ozone, nitrogen dioxide and
the role of nitrogen oxides, PM-10, fine particles, visi-
bility, toxic air contaminants and atmospheric acidity.
Measurements discussed in the report were made
during the summer in Claremont and during the fail in
Long Beach, which represented 'A-site' receptor and
source regions respectively. The tunable diode laser
absorption spectrometer (TDLAS) system was em-
aed for the real time measurements of gas-phase
ogen peroxide and formaldehyde. The system ob-
tained a data point for both species every minute. Re-
sults were subsequently reduced to 1-hour average
values for comparison with measurements made by
other methods.
Keywords: *Alr pollution detection, Atmospheric
chemistry, California, Air pollution sampling, Air sam-
Slers, Particles, Ozone, Aerosols, Spectrometers,
leasurements, Hydrogen peroxide, Formaldehyde,
Sulfuric acid, Comparison, Ammonium sulfate, Organic
acids, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur dioxide, *Alr quality,
Southern Region(Callfomla).
PB89-156293/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision: (EPA Region 3):
Weetilne Site, McKean County, Pennsylvania,
June 29,1AM. Second Remedial Action.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Jun 88,30pEPA/ROD/R03-88/043
See also PB87-183786.Portions of this document we
not fully legible.
The Westline site, located in the town of Westiine,
McKean County, Pennsylvania, is a 40-acre tract of
land formerly used as a lumber processing facility. Be-
tween 1901 and 1952, the onsite chemical plant con-
verted lumber into charcoal, methanol, and acetic acid.
In 1952, the plant was closed due to equipment dete-
rioration and declining profits. Waste tars containing
high levels of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs) and various phenolic compounds were left
onsite. An Emergency Removal Action was imple-
mented in 1983 to remove the largest tar deposit, and
a Record of Decision was signed in July, 1986, to ad-
dress the excavation and off site incineration of remain-
ing tar deposits and contaminated soil. The second op-
erable unit addresses potential ground water contami-
nation. In 1985 high levels of benzene were found in
two onsite monitoring wells. Additional tests indicated
the presence of toluene, trichloroethane, phenol, and
other VOCs; however, benzene was the only contami-
nant that exceeded Federal Maximum Contaminant
Levels (MCLs) of 5 microgram/l, and is, therefore, the
primary contaminant of concern. The article describes
the condition of pollution at the site, EPA's determina-
tion and adopted actions.
Keywords: 'Site surveys, 'Water pollution control,
'Solid waste disposal, Ground water, Aromatic polycy-
clic hydrocarbons, Tars, Phenols, Incinerators, Penn-
sylvania, Contaminants, 'Superfund program,
Westline(Pennsylvania).
PB89-156616/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Long-Term Study of Radon and Airborne Particu-
lates at Phosphogypsum Stacks In Central Flori-
da. Final rept.,
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
T. R. Horton, R. L. Blanchard, and S. T. Windham. Oct
88,216p EPA/520/5-88/021
The report provides a detailed description of a one-
year study that was conducted to measure the Air-
borne Radionuclide Emissions from five phosphogyp-
sum stacks in Central Florida. Measurements were
conducted over a 12-month period on four active and
one inactive phosphogypsum stacks. The study includ-
ed the following measurements: 1260 radon-222 flux,
90 ambient radon-222, and 50 gamma-ray exposure
rates. Also, radionuclide analyses were performed on
33 airborne particulate samples, 9 airborne particle-
size samples, and 50 phosphogypsum samples.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Radioactive materials, 'Particles,
'Gas	analysis,	'Gypsum,
Concentration(Composition), Sites, Sampling, Chemi-
cal analysis, Design criteria, Florida, Moisture content
Quality assurance, Monitoring, Chimneys,
Tables(Data), Particle size, 'Air pollution sampling,
'Air pollution detection, 'Phosphoric acid plants, Envi-
ronmental monitoring.
PB89-156640/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, PA.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Chesapeake Bay Mainstem Monitoring Program
Statistical and Analytical Support Contract Final
Report, Volume 1.
Martin Marietta Environmental Systems, Columbia,
MD.
Sep 87,59p CBP/TRS-12/87
See also PB89-156657. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency. Philadelphia, PA. Chesapeake Bay
Program.
The primary focus of this contract was the develop-
ment of a statistical analysis framework for detection
of trends in Chesapeake Bay water quality attributable
to pollution control management actions. The report
found that, while there are aspects of the main Bay
water quality monitoring program that can be im-
proved, the overall approach of the program is sound
and will provide the empirical information needed to
characterize and detect trends in Chesapeake Bay
water quality and to evaluate the effectiveness of man-
agement actions. Continuation of this coordinated
monitoring effort provides the best opportunity for gen-
eration of rigorous statements concerning the State-
of-the-Bay and for the development of an ecologically
sound water quality management strategy.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Statistical analy-
sis, Trends, Forecasting, Performance evaluation,
Quality assurance, Quality control. Hazardous materi-
als, Sediments, 'Environmental monitoring, 'Water
pollution sampling, 'Chesapeake Bay, 'Water quality
management
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB89-156657/HSU	PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, PA.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Chesapeake Bay Mainstem Monitoring Program
Statistical and Analytical Support Contract: Final
Report, Volume 2.
Martin Marietta Environmental Systems, Columbia,
MD.
Sep 87,481Ip CBP/TRS-13/87
See also PB89-156640. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Philadelphia, PA. Chesapeake Bay
Program.
The primary focus of this contract was the develop-
ment of a statistical analysis framework for detection
of trends in Chesapeake Bay water quality attributable
to pollution control management actions. The report
found that, while there are aspects of the main Bay
water quality monitoring program that can be im-
proved, the overall approach of the program is sound
and will provide the empirical information needed to
characterize and detect trends in Chesapeake Bay
water quality and to evaluate the effectiveness of man-
agement actions. Continuation of this coordinated
monitoring effort provides the best opportunity for gen-
eration of rigorous statements concerning the State-
of-the-Bay and for the development of an ecologically
sound water quality management strategy.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Statistical analy-
sis, Trends, Forecasting, Performance evaluation,
Tables(Data),	Graphs(Charts),
Concentration(Composition), Hazardous materials,
Sediments, "Environmental monitoring, "Water pollu-
tion sampling, "Chesapeake Bay, "Water quality man-
agement.
PB89-158715/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Fish Toxicity Screening Data. Part 1. Lethal Ef-
fects ot 964 Chemicals upon Steelhead Trout and
Brldgellp Sucker. Part 2. Lethal Effects of 2,014
Chemicals upon Sockeye Salmon, Steelhead
Trout and Threesplne Stickleback.
Idaho Univ., Moscow. Forest, Wildlife and Range Ex-
periment Station.
F-E- Cheng, and R. L. Lipnick. Apr 89,
117p EPA/560/6-89/001
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Toxic Substances.
Bridgelip sucker (Catastomus colubianus) and steel-
head trout (Sal mo gairdneri) were screened with 964
toxicants; threesplne stickleback (Gasterosteus acu-
leatus), sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), and
steelhead were screened with 2,014 toxicants. Two
salmonids were tested together for each chemical
either with two suckers or two sticklebacks in 24-h
static bioassays. The times at which the fish lost equi-
librium and died are noted. A review is provided on ad-
ditional sources of fish toxicity screening tests and
how these data have been used in the development of
quantitative structure-activity relationships.
Keywords; "Organic compounds, "Toxicity, "Fishes,
"Water pollution, Trout, Salmon, Fresh water fishes,
Bioassay, Stability, Selection, Mortality, Swimming,
Toxic substances, Chemicals, Listings, Salmo gaird-
neri, Steelhead trout, Sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus
nerka.
PB89-156939	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Long-Term Stability of the Elemental Composition
in Biological Materials. Final rept,
National Bureau of Standards (NML), Gaithersburg,
MD. Inorganic Analytical Research Div.
R. Zeisler, R. Greenberg, S. Stone, and T. Sullivan.
1988,4p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.	.
Pub. in Fresenius' Zeitschrift fuer Analytische Chemie
332, p612-6151988.
Lyophilized and radiation sterilized biological certified
reference materials (CRMs) are believed to be stable
in their chemical composition. Generally, the certifying
agencies consider the certificates of these biological
CRMs valid for a 5-year shelf life, i.e., apart from meas-
urable moisture content, the chemical composition
should not change during that time. The long-term be-
havior of fresh frozen material is not known. In the
study the elemental compositions of the Bovine Liver
Standard Reference Material (SRM 1577) and human
liver tissue samples are evaluated over a time period
of more than 7 years. The concentrations of selected
elements were determined by neutron activation anal-
ysis at various times. The initial evaluation of zinc, se-
lenium and arsenic results gives no indication of
changes during 7 years storage of fresh frozen tissues,
however, a trend towards lower arsenic concentra-
tions has been observed in SRM 1577 during a 10-year
period.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "Biological surveys,
"Tissue	extracts,	Standards,
Concentration(Composition), Chemical stabilization,
Neutron activation analysis. Zinc, Selenicum, Arsenic,
Trace elements, Liver extracts, Reprints, "Standard
reference materials.
PB89-158653/HSU	CP D01
Chemicals Subject to Reporting under the Emer-
gency Planning and Community Right to Know
Act (Title III of the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act of 1986), January 1989 (for
Microcomputers). Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
H. Sykes. Jan 89,1 diskette* EPA/DF/DK-89/025
Supersedes PB88-193255.
The data file is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskette,
double density (360K), compatible with the IBM PC
microcomputer. The diskettes are in the DBase III Plus
format.
The data file is the disk based version of the Office of
Toxic Substances' Consolidated list of chemicals sub-
ject to reporting under Title III of the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986
(SARA). Title III is also known as the Emergency Plan-
ning and Community Right to Know Act. The disk is de-
signed to generate either a printout or a dbase III file
from any IBM or IBM compatible system.
Keywords: "Data file, Hazardous materials, Diskettes,
"Chemicals, "Toxic substances, Emergency planning,
Lists, US EPA, Superfund Amendments and Reauthor-
ization Act of 1986.
PB89-158737/HSU	CP D99
Controlling Air Toxics (CAT), Version 1.0 (for
Microcomputers). Software,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
S. L. Nolen, and G. Shareef. 16 Aug 88,2 diskettes*
EPA/SW/DK-89/021
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskettes,
double density (360K), compatible with the IBM PC
XT/AT microcomputer. The diskettes are in the ASCII
format. Price includes documentation, PB89-158745.
Controlling Air Toxics (CAT) is an interactive and user-
friendly software package to assist in the review of air
emission permit applications. The permit reviewer can
input information on the air emission stream character-
istics as well as other information in the permit applica-
tion. The program provides guidance on which control
devices may be appropriate and allows the reviewer to
select a specific pollutant/control device combination
for evaluation. The program then calculates design pa-
rameters and estimates costs for each control device
selected. The results can be compared against the
permit applicant's actual or proposed design. A report
generator is also included in the program...Software
Description: The program is written in C for implemen-
tation on IBM-PC, XT/AT compatible equipment, using
DOS 2.0 or higher operating system. It requires 640K
of memory.
Keywords: 'Software, "Licenses, Reviewing, Air pollu-
tion control equipment, Incinerators,
Absorbers(Equipment), Diskettes, "Air pollution abate-
ment, "Emission factors, Costs, Fabric filters, Venturi
scrubbers, L=C, H=IBM PC/XT/AT.
PB89-1S874S/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Controlling Air Toxics (CAT), Version 1.0. Tutorial
Manual. Rept. for Jun 87-Mar 88,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
G S. Shareef, M. T. Johnston, E. P. Epner, D. Ocamb,
and C. Berry. Aug 88,71p* EPA/SW/DK-89/021A,,
EPA/600/8-88/092A
Contracts EPA-68-02-3994, EPA-68-02-4286
For system on diskette, see PB89-158737. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research
Lab., and New Jersey Dept. of Environmental Protec-
tion, Trenton.
The manual gives instructions for using Controlling Air
Toxics (CAT). The primary objective of this interactive
and user-friendly software package is to assist in the
review of air emission permit applications. The engi-
neering software is based on the EPA document. Con-
trol Technologies for Hazardous Air Pollutants, EPA/
625/6-86/014, September 1966. The software is writ-
ten for the IBM PC using the Microsoft V3.0 C compiler
and Windows for Data Libraiy V1.0 for screen and key-
board interaction. The permit reviewer can input infor-
mation on the air emission stream characteristics as
well as other information in the permit application. The
program provides guidance on which control devices
may be appropriate and allows the reviewer to select a
specific pollutant/control device combination for eval-
uation. The control devices included in the program
are thermal and catalytic incinerators, flares, carbon
adsorbers, absorbers, condensers, fabric filters, and
venturi scrubbers. The program then calculates design
parameters and estimates costs for each control
device selected. The results can be compared against
the permit applicant's actual or proposed design.
Keywords: "Licenses, Reviewing, Air pollution control
equipment, Incinerators, Absorbers(Equipment), Doc-
umentation, "Air pollution abatement, "Emission fac-
tors, Costs, Fabric filters, Venturi scrubbers.
PB89-158810/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Office of Research and Development.
Technology Evaluation Report SITE Program
Demonstration Test, HAZCON Solidification,
Douglassvllle, Pennsylvania. Volume 1. Rept for
Apr 87-Aug 88,
Enviresponse, Inc., Livingston, NJ.
S. Sawyer. Feb 89,131 p EPA/540/5-89/101A
Contract EPA-68-03-3255
See also PB89-158828. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Office of Research
and Development.
The major objectives of the HAZCON Solidification
SITE Program Demonstration Test were to develop re-
liable performance and cost information. The
HAZCON process mixes the hazardous waste material
with cement, a proprietary additive called Chloranan
and water. The Chloranan is claimed to neutralize the
inhibiting effect that organics normally have on the hy-
dration of cement. The technical criteria used to evalu-
ate the effectiveness of the HAZCON process were
contaminant mobility, based on leaching and perme-
ability tests; and potential integrity of solidified soils
based on measurements of physical and microstruc-
tural properties. Extensive sampling and analyses
were performed showing the concentration of the or-
ganics were the same in the leachates of the untreated
and treated soils, heavy metals reductions ware
achieved, and structural properties of the solidified
cores were found to indicate good long-term stability.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Cost analysis, "En-
capsulating, "Oil wastes, "Solidification, Performance
evaluation, Substitutes, Cements, Soil analysis, Soil
stabilization, Leaching, Leakage, DrumsfContainere)
Sampling, "Superfund project, "SITE program'
"HAZCON solidification process, "Oil pollution, Chlor-
anan, Environmental transport. Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls, Volatile organic compounds, Heavy metals
Land pollution.
PB89-158828/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Technology Evaluation Report SITE Program
Demonstration Test, HAZCON Solidification
Douglassvllle, Pennsylvania. Volume 2. Rem tar
Apr 87-Aug 88,	K
Enviresponse, Inc., Livingston, NJ.
S. Sawyer. Feb 89,326p EPA/540/5-89/001 B
Contract EPA-68-03-3255
See also PB89-158810. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction En-
gineering Lab.
The major objectives of the HAZCON Solidification
SITE Program Demonstration Test were to develop re-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
	 performance and cost information. The
HAZCON process mixes the hazardous waste material
with cement, a proprietary additive called Chloranan
and water. The Chloranan is claimed to neutralize the
inhibiting effect that organics normally have on the hy-
dration of cement The technical criteria used to evalu-
ate the effectiveness of the HAZCON process were
contaminant mobility, based on leaching and perme-
ability tests; and potential integrity of solidified soils,
baaed on measurements of physical and microstruc-
tural properties. Extensive sampling and analyses
were performed showing the concentration of the or-
ganics were the same in the leachates of the untreated
and treated soils, heavy metals reductions were
achieved, and structural properties of the solidified
cores were found to indicate good long-term stability.
The volume contains data collected during the project.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Cost analysis, 'En-
capsulating, 'Oil wastes, 'Solidification, Performance
evaluation, Substitutes, Cements, Soil analysis. Soil
stabilization, Concentration(Composition), Leaching,
Leakage, Drums(Containers), Sampling, Tables(Data),
'Superfund project, 'SITE program, 'HAZCON solidi-
fication process, 'Oil pollution, Chloranan, Environ-
mental transport, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Volatile
organic compounds, Heavy metals, Land pollution.
PM9-158S85/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Resource Document for Consideration of the
Lewiston Basin Aquifer as a Sole Source Aquifer.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA. Office
of Ground Water.
Apr 88,32p EPA/910/9-88/193
See also PB89-158893.
The Asotin County (Washington) Public Utility District
petitioned the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
to declare its drinking water supply as a sole source
aquifer under Section 1424(e) of the Safe Drinking
Water Act. In response, EPA prepared a document
which briefly describes the geology, ground-water hy-
drology, and drinking water consumption of the Lewis-
ton Basin. The report describes the technical basis for
EPA proposing to designate the Lewiston Basin Aqui-
fer System as a sole source aquifer. The Lewiston
Basin is an approximately 500 square mile structural
and topographic depression in southeastern Washing-
ton and western north-central Idaho, including part of
the Nez Perce Indian Reservation. Major faults and an-
ticlinal folds form most of the boundaries of the
ground-water basin. Ground-water provides about 68
percent of the drinking water consumed in the Lewis-
ton Basin. Community water supply wells all withdraw
drinking water from the Grande Ronde Basalt. Howev-
er according to the EPA guidelines, those supplies
cannot economically serve all those who depend upon
the aquifer system for drinking water.
tary rocks, Ground water recharge, Surface waters,
Maps. 'Lewiston Basin Aquifer, Drinking water,
•Asotin County(Washington).
PBM-1MS83/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Support Document for Designation of the Lewis-
ton Basin Aquifer at a Sole Source Aquifer.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA. Office
of Groundwater.
Sao 88.32p EPA/910/9-88/194
see also PB89-158885.
The Asotin County (Washington) Public Utility District
petitioned the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
to declare its drinking water supply as a sole source
gauffer under Section 1424(e) of the Safe Drinking
Mgter Act. In response, EPA prepared a document
which briefly describes the geology, ground-water hy-
drology, and drinking water consumption of the Lewis-
ton Basin. The report describes the technical basis for
EPA's decision to designate the Lewiston Basin Aqui-
fer System as a sole source aquifer. The Lewiston
Basin is an approximately 500 square mile structural
and topographic depression in southeastern Washing-
ton and western north-central Idaho, including part of
the Nez Perce Indian Reservation. Ground water pro-
vides about 68 percent of the drinking water consumed
in the Lewiston Basin. Community water supply wells
•n withdraw drinking water from the Grande Ronde
Basalt However, according to EPA guidelines, those
mjppUee cannot economically serve all those who
Spend upon the aquifer system lor drinking water.
Keywords: 'Aquifers, 'Water supply, Ground water,
Hydrogeology,	Climate,	Populations,
Washington(State), Boundaries, Basalt, Idaho, Stream
flow, Water quality, Maps, Graphs(Charts), 'Lewiston
Basin Aquifer, Drinking water, 'Asotin
County(Washington), 'Ground water movement.
PB89-159024/HSU	PC E99/MF E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Validation Teating of New Mechanisms with Out-
door Chamber Data.
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Public
Health.
Jan 89,648p-in 4v
Set includes PB89-159032 through PB89-159065.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Re-
search Lab.
No abstract available.
PB89-159032/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Validation Testing of Nsw Mechanisms with Out-
door Chamber Data. Volume 1: Comparison of
CB4 snd CAL Mechanisms. Final rept. Apr 86-Sep
88,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Public
Health.
H. E. Jeffries, K. G. Sexton, J. R. Arnold, and J. L. Li.
Jan 89,298p EPA/600/3-89/01 OA
See also Volume 4, PB89-159065. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB89-
159024.
The UNC smog chamber data base was used to com-
pare the performance of two state of the science pho-
tochemical mechanisms: The Carbon Bond Four
Mechanism (CB4) and the Carter, Atkinson, Lurmann
Mechanism (CAL). Although the mechanisms behaved
differently, both mechanisms showed good agreement
with ozone and oxides of nitrogen chamber data. The
agreement for other products such as formaldehyde
and peroxyacetylnitrate were not as good. Neither
mechanism, however, was overall superior to the other
in fitting chamber data. The two mechanisms predicted
very similar VOC control requirements for the standard
SIP-type cases. In SIP-like sensitivity analyses, CB4
was more sensitive to decreasing hydrocarbon and
ozone aloft and to decreasing the temperature, giving
somewhat lower control requirements than CAL at the
extreme conditions. Although problems remain in the
performance of both mechanisms, the authors do not
believe that it is possible to choose between them on
the basis of performance in either fitting chamber data
or in predicting control calculations.
Keywords: 'Smog, 'Test chambers, 'Photochemical
reactions, 'Air pollution control, 'Reaction kinetics,
Environmental tests, Performance evaluation, Environ-
ment simulation, Graphs(Charts), Urban areas,
Concentration(Composit(on), Ozone, Nitrogen oxides,
TablesfData), Comparison, Formaldehyde, 'Carbon
Bond Four Mechanism, 'Carter-Atklnson-Lurmann
Mechanism, 'Air pollution sampling, State Implemen-
tation Plans, Volatile organic compounds, Peroxyace-
tyl nitrate.
PB89-159040/HSU	PC A06/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Validation Testing of New Mechanisms with Out-
door Chamber Data. Volume 2: Analysis of VOC
Data for the CB4 and CAL Photoohemlcai Mecha-
nisms. Final rept Apr 86-Sep 88,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Public
Health.
H. E. Jeffries, K. G. Sexton, and J. R. Arnold. Jan 89,
103p EPA/600/3-89/010B
See also Volume 1, PB89-159032 and Volume 3,
PB89-159057. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospher-
ic Sciences Research Lab.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB89-
159024.
Ambient hydrocarbon data were analyzed to derive hy-
drocarbon speciation for use with the Carbon Bond
Four (CB4) and the Carter, Atkinson, Lurmann (CAL)
mechanisms. A total of 66 city-years of detailed sur-
face-layer hydrocarbon data (comprising 773 individ-
ual analyses) was available. A total of 56 hydrocarbon
samples collected aloft was also added to the data
base. These data were speciated into the carbon frac-
tions for hydrocarbon species in the CB4 and CAL
mechanisms. Fractions for each mechanism are re-
ported for each city-year, for five clusters of city years
with similar internal composition, and for the total. The
five clusters were determined using two forms of clus-
ter analysis. Multiple regression was also used to con-
firm the overall average carbon fractions. Four analy-
ses of automobile exhaust from the UNC autoexhaust
smog chamber study were also speciated. Recom-
mendations for the default carbon fractions for
OZIPM4 are given. Selected simulations for both
mechanisms are used to demonstrate the effects of
HC composition on ozone predictions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Photochemical reac-
tions, 'Reaction kinetics, 'Smog, 'Test chambers,
•Exhaust emissions, Urban areas, Automobiles, Hy-
drocarbons,	Tables(Data),	Sampling,
Concentration(Composition), Comparison, Information
systems, State government, Carbon, Ozone, Sites,
'Volatile organic compounds, 'Carbon Bond Four
Mechanism, 'Carter-Atkinson-Lurmann Mechanism,
'Air pollution sampling.
PB89-159057/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Validation Testing of New Mechanlema with Out-
door Chamber Data. Volume 3: Calculation of
Photochemical Reaction Photolysis Rates In the
UNC Outdoor Chamber. Final rept. Apr 86-Sep 88,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Public
Health.
H. E. Jeffries, K. G. Sexton, J. R. Arnold, and T. L. Kale.
Jan 89,105p EPA/600/3-89/010C
See also Volume 2, PB89-159040 and Volume 4,
PB09-159065. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospher-
ic Sciences Research Lab.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB89-
159024.
A new model is described for computing in-chamber
actinic flux using site specific conditions that include
time of day, air pressure, total column ozone, total
column water vapor, relative humidity, aerosol type,
aerosol optical density at 500 nm, and the spectral
albedo of the aerosol. Included in this model are a
highly accurate solar coordinate model, two broad
band models for predicting the Total Solar Radiation
(TSR) and Eppley Ultraviolet Radiometer irradiances,
a TFE film transmission model, a total chamber trans-
mission model, a reflective floor model, and a treat-
ment for clouds. This model runs on MS/PC-DOS type
machines. A description of how these models were
used to compute the in-chamber actinic flux every 16-
minutes for every day in the UNC database is given. A
description is also given of how these new actinic
fluxes were used with kinetic data on species absorp-
tion cross sections and quantum yields to computer
the photolysis rates of 20 reactions. A separate
column contains the appendices for this document
Keywords: 'Test chambers, 'Air pollution, 'Mathemat-
ical models, 'Photochemical reactions, 'Reaction ki-
netics, 'Smog, 'Photolysis, Climatology, Information
systems, Sites, Performance evaluation, Urban areas,
Graphs(Charts), Comparison.
PB89-159065/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Validation Testing of New Mechanisms with Out-
door Chamber Data. Volume 4: Appendixes to
Photochemical Reaction Photolysis Rates In the
UNC Outdoor Chamber. Final rept. Apr 86-Sep 88,
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Public
Health.
H. E. Jeffries, K. G. Sexton, J. R. Arnold, and T. L. Kale.
Jan 89,142p EPA/600/3-89/01 OD
See also Volume 3, PB69-159057. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99, PB89-
159024.
The volume contains appendixes related to the com-
putation of photoiytic rates for the UNC chamber. The
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
first appendix is the data base of climate and solar ra-
diation variables needed by the models, including time
of day, air pressure, total column ozone, total column
water vapor, relative humidity, aerosol type, aerosol
optical density at 500 nm, and the spectral albedo of
the aerosol. The second appendix gives plots of broad
band model predictions by the models compared with
observed TSR and UV irradiance data for each day in
the UNC data base, and includes selected examples of
plots of the predicted N02 and HCHO-to-radicals pho-
tolysis rates inside the chamber. The third appendix
lists the molecular absorption cross sections and reac-
tion quantum yields usea in the photolysis rate calcula-
tions. The final appendix includes listings of the com-
puter code for all models and sub-models. These
models run on MS/PC-DOS type machines and are
available on diskettes from the authors for distribution
costs. The in-chamber photolysis rates for twenty spe-
cies, computed every 16 minutes for each day in the
UNC data base are also available on diskettes for dis-
tribution costs.
Keywords: 'Test chambers, *Air pollution, "Mathemat-
ical models, 'Photochemical reactions, "Reaction ki-
netics, *Smog, "Photolysis, Climatology, Information
systems. Urban areas, Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition).
PB89-159180/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Washington, DC.
Distribution of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation In
the Chesapeake Bay and Tributaries, 1084,
Virginia Inst, of Marine Science, Gloucester Point.
R. Orth, J. Simons, R. Allaire, V. Carter, and L.
Hlndman. Aug 87,169p CBP/TRS-11 /87
Grant NA83AA-D-C2048
See also PB89-159198 and PB83-264226. Prepared in
cooperation with Bionetics Corp., Warrenton, VA., and
Geological Survey, Reston, VA. Sponsored by Nation-
al Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Washing-
ton, DC., and Environmental Protection Agency, Phila-
delphia, PA. Chesapeake Bay Program.
During 1984, Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (SAV)
beds in the Chesapeake Bay were photographed and
H^PPsd under grants by the U.S. EPA and the Nation-
? .°c®an°SraP1lic ar*d Atmospheric Administration
tNOAA) to, 'ha Virginia Institute of Marine Science
(VIMS) and EPA's Environmental Photographic Inter-
Sr?. < on (EPIC). In addition, ground surveys for
SAV were conducted in the Potomac Valley by the
< ^ • ancl in ,he entire Maryland section
of the bay by the Maryland Department of the Environ-
ment. Field observations made In the Susquehanna
River and Flats, and the Choptank River were used to
corroborate and fill in areas missed by the aerial pho-
tography. The report represents a unique effort to
combine all the information into one baywlde report of
the 1984 status 01 SAV.
Keywords: "Spatial distribution, "Aquatic plants, "Tur-
bidity, "Chesapeake Bay, Transparence, Aerial pho-
tography, Density(Mass/Volume), Plant growth, Abun-
dance, Sea grasses, Potomac River, Maryland, Virgin-
ia, Tables(Data), "Vallisneria americana, Wild celery,
Hydrllla verticillata, Hydrilla, "Zostera marina, Eel-
grass.
PB89-169198/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, PA.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Distribution of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation In
the Chesapeake Bay and Tributaries, 1985,
Virginia Inst, of Marine Science, Gloucester Point.
R. Orth, J. Simons, J. Capelli, V. Carter, and L.
Hlndman. Aug 87,308p CBP/TRS-9/87
See also PB88-159180. Prepared in cooperation with
Bionetics Corp., Warrenton, VA., and Geological
Survey, Reston, VA. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Philadelphia, PA. Chesapeake Bay
Program, and Maryland Dept. of Natural Resources,
Annapolis.
In 1985, color aerial photography at a scale of
1:12,000 was used to map submerged aquatic vegeta-
tion (SAV) in the Maryland section of the Chesapeake
Bay, while black and white photography at a scale of
1:24,000 was used to map the Virginia section. A total
of 19,390 hectares was mapped in 1985, a 26% in-
crease over that reported in 1984. The report repre-
sents an effort to combine all the SAV information for
1985 into one cohesive baywide product
Keywords: "Spatial distribution, "Aquatic plants, "Tur-
bidity, "Chesapeake Bay, Transparence, Aerial pho-
tography, Density(Mass/Volume), Abundance, Map-
ping, Plant growth, Maps, Sea grasses, Maryland, Vir-
ginia, Tributaries.
PB89-159388/HSU	CP D01
SCREEN Model, Version 1.1 (for Microcomputers).
Model-Simulation,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
R. W. Brode. 26 Oct 88,1 diskette* EPA/SW/DK-89/
022
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskettes,
double density (360K), compatible with the IBM PC
microcomputer. The diskettes are in the ASCII format.
Price includes documentation, PB89-159396.
The SCREEN Model estimates the maximum ground-
level concentration for sources in simple flat or elevat-
ed terrain, accepts user-specified distances, performs
inversion break-up and shoreline fumigation estimates,
includes building downwash effects in the wake region
and performs calculations for the cavity region, and in-
cludes an optional complex terrain screening proce-
dure based on the VALLEY Model 240 hour screening
technique. SCREEN operates on IBM-PC compatible
systems with at least 256K of RAM. Software Descrip-
tion; The program is written in FORTRAN for imple-
mentation on IBM-PC compatible systems, using DOS
operating system. Minimum of 256K of RAM.
Keywords: "Models-simulation, "Atmospheric diffu-
sion, Dispersions, Diskettes, Meteorology, "Air quality
display model, Screening, Air pollution forecasts, Sta-
tionary sources, L=Fortran, H=IBM PC.
PB89-159396/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Screening Procedures for Estimating the Air Qual-
ity Impact of Stationary Sources. Draft for Public
Comment,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
R. W. Brode. Aug 88,140p* EPA/45074-88/010,
EPA/SW/DK-89/022A
For system on diskette, see PB89-159388. See also
PB274 087.
The document presents current EPA guidance on the
use of screening procedures to estimate the air quality
impact of stationary sources. It is an update and revi-
sion of Volume 10R of the GAQMPA series, and is in-
tended to replace Volume 10R as the standard screen-
ing procedures tor regulatory modeling of stationary
sources, it is being issued as a draft for public com-
ment until such time as a final version can be incorpo-
rated into a future supplement to the Guideline on Air
Quality Models (Revised). An important advantage of
the current document is the availability of the SCREEN
model for executing the single source, short-term pro-
cedures on a personal computer.
Keywords'. "Atmospheric diffusion, "Air pollution, Dis-
persions, Sources, Environmental impacts. Require-
ments, SCREEN model, Stationary sources.
PB89-159461/HSU	CP T03
Spatial Allocation Factor Procedure* for the 1980
NAPAP (National Acid Precipitation Assessment
Program) Emissions Inventory. Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. D. Mobley, and L. G.L. Modica. 1986, mag tape*
EPA/DF/MT-89/024
See also PB88-137138 and PB87-182879.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTls Computer Prod-
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB89-159479.
The package contains documentation of the spatial al-
location factor development procedures for the 1980
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
(NAPAP) area source emissions inventory, including
the Fortran programs and input data files. The goal of
the spatial allocation factor development effort was to
create as many spatial surrogates ss possible for each
county to allow the user maximum flexibility in assign-
ing county-level area source emissions to modeling
arid cells. The surrogates are used to represent the
subcounty distribution of area source emissions for
each emissions category. Fourteen surrogate Indica-
tors were developed for use with the NAPAP inventory
based on housing, population, and land use data.
Once the subcounty distribution of each surrogate Is
determined, area source emissions categories are
matched to the most appropriate surrogate indicators.
The resultant Spatial Allocation Factor File is input to
the Spatial Allocation Module of the Flexible Regional
Emissions Data System.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Spatial distribution, 'Emission,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Mathematical models,
Magnetic tapes, 'National Acid Precipitation Assess-
ment Program, *Air pollution control, Acid rain, Station-
ary sources.
PB89-159479/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Spatial Allocation Factor Procedures for the 1060
NAPAP (National Acid Precipitation Assessment
Program) Emissions Inventory Documentation.
Final rept. Sep 85-Sep 88,
Alliance Technologies Corp., Bedford, MA.
T. A. Beaulieu, and L- G. L. Modica. Dec 88,285p*
A87-133, EPA/DF/MT-89/024A,, EPA/600/7-68/
024A
Contract EPA-68-02-4274
For system on magnetic tape, see PB89-159461.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineisring
Research Lab.
The report documents the development of spatial allo-
cation factors to apportion National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Pro-am (NAPAP) area source emissions
from counties to individual grid cells for input to the Re-
gional Acid Deposition Models (RADM) and Regional
Oxidant Models (ROM). The development effort fo-
cused on creating a variety of spatial surrogates to
allow the user maximum flexibility in assigning area
source emissions to modeling grid cells. The surro-
gates are used to represent the sub-county distribution
Of area source emissions for each category. Fourteen
surrogate indicators were developed lor use with the
NAPAP inventory based on housing, population, and
land use data. Fortran programs were developed to
generate the spatial factors. These programs are avail-
able on a companion magnetic tape. The user can
specify processing options and grid definition by
means of control option files accessed by the pro-
grams. Once the sub-county distribution of each surro-
gate is determined, area source emissions categories
are matched to the most appropriate surrogate. The
resultant Spatial Allocation Factor File is input to the
Spatial Allocation Module of the Flexible Regional
Emissions Data System.
Keywords: 'Spatial distribution, 'Emission,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Mathematical models.
Documentation, 'National Acid Precipitation Assess-
ment Program, "Air pollution control, Acid rain. Station-
ary sources.
PB89-159818/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of a Resistively Heated Metal Monolith
Catalytic Converter on a Gasoline-Fueled Vehicle.
Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology and Applications Branch.
G. K. Piotrowski. Dec 88,30p EPA/AA/CTAB-89/12
The major portion of hydrocarbon and carbon monox-
ide emissions measured from a catalyst-equipped gas-
oline vehicle over the Federal Test Procedure (FTP)
cycle are generated during the cold start and wamtup
of the catalyst. These emissions are difficult to control
because engine-out emissions are high and catalytic
converters have low conversion efficiency during their
warm-up phase of operation. A resistively heated
metal monolith catalyst has been evaluated by EPA
Motor Vehicle Emission Laboratory on a methanol-
fueled vehicle. Results from this previous testing indi-
cated the feasibility of the concept of a resistively
heated metal monolith substrate as a quick light-off
catalyst support The report describes the evaluation
of such a catalyst on a gasoline-fueled vehicle. The ve-
hicle was tested at 72-74 deg F ambient test cell con-
ditions and at 20 deg ambient 'cold-room' conditions.
Keywords: "Motor vehicle engines, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, 'Air pollution abatement 'Catalytic converters.
Gasoline engines, Automotive fuels. Gasoline,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
formance tests, Evaluation, Methanol fuels, Federal
Test Procedure.
PB89-15M26/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 48.1-Picloram.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
24 Oct 88,14p EPA/540/FS-88/133
See also PB89-159834.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred: (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard; (2) Issuance of each
special review document; (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern; (4) Registration of a new
chemical; or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords; 'Pesticides, Standards, Hazardous materi-
als, Public health, Regulations, 'Toxic substances,
•Pidoram.
PM9-159834/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Outdance for the Rereglstration of Pesticide
product* Containing Plcloram as the Active Ingre-
dient
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Sep B8,155p EPA/540/RS-88/132
Supersedes PB86-173887. See also PB89-159826.
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes now to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of date requirements
and data gaps. Also Included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords; 'Pesticides, 'Standards, Genetics, Pack-
aging, Labels, Hazardous materials, Agricultural prod-
ucts Public health, Regulations, Reregistration,
•Toxic substances, Picloram.
PBM-1M0M/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Mo Migration Variances to the Hazardous Waste
!mi) ftepoeai Prohibitions: A Guidance Manual
(or Petitioners. Draft rept.
NUS Corp., Gaithersburg, MD.
j«, 89,84p* EPA/530/SW-89/032
Contract EPA-88-01 -7310
prepared in cooperation with Earth Technology Corp.,
Alexandria, VA. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
A 'no migration' variance is a formal decision that can
be rendered by the EPA to allow the land disposal of
Inacfflc, prohibited wastes not meeting the treatment
standards established by EPA at a particular facility. In
1966 Congress passed the RCRA authorizing EPA to
latabttsh nationwide standards for the management of
iwCTMfdoua wastes. Under HSWA, RCRA Sections
3004(d) (e), and (g) were to Include provisions prohlb-
mm the land disposal of all such 'listed' and 'charac-
teristically hazardous' wastes unless they are first
Mated. Wastes included in the EPA's land disposal
onMritions will have to be treated by best demonstrat-
ed technology to meet the treatment standard estab-
lished by EPA, unless a 'no migration' variance is ob-
tained.
Kevwords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Guidelines, 'Waste
treatment, 'Containment, Standards, Sites, Quality as-
mranoe. Quality control, Assessments, Environmental
aimaya. Performance evaluation, Sources, Air pollu-
tion *Land disposal, 'Environmental transport, Best
technology, Environmental monitoring, Resource Con-
servation and Recovery Act, Environmental effects,
Unm(Juri8pnidence), Emission factors.
PB89-160063/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Surrogate and Matrix Spike Recoveries In Chlorin-
ated Samples Using Sodium Thiosulfate, Sodium
Arsenite and L-Ascorbic Acid as Dachlorinatlng
Agenta,
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Central Regional Lab.
S. C. Warner, and J. L. Slayton. 1988,83p EPA/903/9-
89/001
Chlorine reacts with various organics in environmental
samples to produce undesirable artifacts. These arti-
facts can cause false positives to be reported, and
other compounds actually present to be reported as
not detected. The NPDES method (EPA Method 625)
for base/neutral and acid compounds states that re-
sidual chlorine should be determined in the field. Ef-
fluents must be dechlorinated before acidification to
prevent the chlorination of compounds present in the
effluent. The study examined the suitability of three
dechlorinating agents: sodium thiosulfate, L-ascorbic
acid and sodium arsenite. The three dechlorinating
reagents were also tested using the separatory funnel
technique. The authors are currently using continuous
extraction as the routine method of extraction for water
samples. This method has been found to generally
produce higher recoveries of all compounds when
compared to separatory funnel extraction. The higher
recoveries are due to the fact that the extraction sol-
vent is constantly being re-distilled. This essentially re-
sults in numerous, repeated extractions using fresh
solvent for each extraction.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Environmental pollu-
tion, 'Dechlorination, 'Solvent extraction, 'Sodium
thiosulfates, 'Ascorbic acid, Tables(Data), Water pol-
lution, Acidification, pH, Sampling, Chemical reaction,
Water analysis, Quality control, *EPA method 625,
'Water pollution detection, 'Continuous extraction,
'Sodium arsenite.
PB89-160188/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Evaluation of Specific Requirements for Unfll-
tered Surface Water Supplies. Draft rept.
Pirnie (Malcolm), Inc., Paramus, NJ.
13 Sep 88,343p
Contract EPA-68-03-3467
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Pre-
pared in cooperation with CWC-HDR, Inc., Santa Ana,
CA. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
The Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act
Gassed in June 1986 (PL 99-339) require that the
inited States Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) promulgate a National Primary Dnnking
Water Regulation (NPDWR) by December 1987, speci-
fying criteria under which filtration (Including pretreat-
ment, coagulation and sedimentation as appropriate)
would be required as a treatment technique for public
water systems supplied by surface water sources. The
proposed Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR), de-
veloped to comply with this requirement, includes con-
ditions for which filtration would be required as a treat-
ment technique for systems utilizing a surface water
source, as well as conditions for which disinfection
alone would be the only required treatment. The pur-
pose of the report is to evaluate the criteria presented
in the proposed SWTR (52 Federal Register 42 178,
November 3, 1987) and the draft Guidance Manual
(October 8,1987) which pertain to avoiding filtration.
Keywords: 'Regulations, 'Water supply, 'Surface
waters, 'Water treatment, Requirements, Filtration,
Coagulation, Disinfection, Settling, Evaluation, Manu-
als, Water consumption, Urban areas, Monitoring, Tur-
bidity, Giardia, pH, Viruses, Tables(Data), Safe Drink-
ing Water Act of 1986 and Amendments, 'Drinking
water, Case studies, 'Water quality criteria,
Pretreatment(Water).
PBM-161046/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Potential Effects of Global Climate Chang* on the
United States. Executive Summary. Draft Report
to the Congress,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development
J. B. Smith, and D. A. Tirpak. Oct 88,55p
Also available from Supt. of Docs. See also PB89-
161053.
Scientific theory suggests that the addition of green-
house gases to the atmosphere will alter the global cli-
mate. The result will be increasing temperatures and
consequent changes in rainfall and other weather pat-
terns. To help identify the effects of such a climate
change, Congress asked the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency to undertake two studies on the green-
house effect. One of the studies would focus on 'the
potential health and environmental effects of climate
change including, but not be limited to the potential im-
pacts on agricultural, forests, wetlands, human health,
rivers, lakes, estuaries as well as societal impacts.'
The report used regional data from atmospheric
models known as General Circulation Models (GCMs)
as a basis for climate change scenarios. The GCMs
are large models of the ocean-atmosphere system
that provide the best scientific estimates of the im-
pacts of increased greenhouse gas concentrations on
climate. The GCMs generally agree concerning gener-
al global and latitudinal increases in temperature, but
they disagree concerning other areas such as the lo-
cation of hydrological change. The temperature
changes from three different GCMs are shown both for
the United States and several regions. These results
are estimates of changes caused by a doubling of
carbon dioxide levels.
Keywords: 'Carbon dioxide, 'Climatic changes, At-
mospheric temperature, Industries, Atmosphenc circu-
lation, Gases, Mathematical models, Estimates,
Concentration(Composition), Air water interactions,
Environmental impacts, Forestry, Agriculture, 'Green-
house effect, Ecosystems.
PB89-161053/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Potential Effects of Global Climate Change on the
United States. Volume 1. Regional Studies. Draft
Report to the Congress,
Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
J. B. Smith, and D. A. Tirpak. Oct 88,289p
Also available from Supt. of Docs. Seie also PB89-
161046, and Volume 2, PB89-161061.
Contents: Regional studies: Global climate change,
Methodology, California, Great Lakes, Southeast,
Great Plains.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Climatic changes, 'Atmos-
pheric temperature, 'Regional planning, Carbon diox-
ide,	Nitrogen	oxide,	Methane,
Concentration(Composltion), National government,
Government policies, Decision making, Environmental
impacts, Agriculture, Water supply, Forestry, Ozone,
Fluorohydrocarbons, Industries, California, Economic
factors, Public health, 'Global Climate Protection Act
of 1987, Greenhouse effect, Acid rain, Great Lakes
Regk>n(United States), Southeastern Region(United
States), Great Plains Region(United States).
PB88-161061/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Potential Effects of Global Climate Change on the
United States. Volume 2. National Studies. Draft
Report to the Congress,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
J. B. Smith, and D. A. Tirpak. Oct 88,414p
Also available from Supt. of Docs. See also Volume 1,
PB89-161053.
Contents: National studies: Water resources. Sea level
rise, Agriculture, Forests, Biological diversity, Air qual-
ity, Human health, Urban infrastructure, Electricity
demand, Research needs.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Climatic changes, 'Atmos-
pheric temperature, Water resources. Government
policies, Sea level, Beach erosion, Agriculture, Flood-
ing, Droughts, Forestry, Acidification, Public health,
Urban areas, Electricity, Economic impact. Social
effect, Global Climate Protection Act of 1987, Green-
house effect, Deforestation, Species diversity.
PB89-161483/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Prevention Reference Manual; Chemical Specific.
Volume 13. Control of Accidental Releasee of
Methyl leocyanat*. Final rept. Jun 87-Sep 88,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
D S. Davis, G. B. DeWolf, R. A. Nash, and J. S.
Stalling. Feb 89, 75p DCN-87-203-068-05-05, EPA/
600/8-87/034M
Contract EPA-68-02-3994, EPA-68-02-4286
See also PB88-103734. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report is one of a series of manuals addressing ac-
cidental releases of toxic chemicals. Methyl isocyan-
ate (MIC) has an Immediately Dangerous to Life and
Health (IDLH) concentration of 20 ppm, making it a
substantially acute toxic hazard. Reducing the risk as-
sociated with an accidental release of MIC involves
identifying some of the potential causes of accidental
releases that apply to processes that use MIC. The
manual identifies examples of potential causes and
measures that may be taken to reduce the accidental
release risk. Such measures include recommenda-
tions on plant design practices, prevention, protection,
and mitigation technologies, and operation and main-
tenance practices. Conceptual cost estimates of pos-
sible prevention, protection, and mitigation measures
are provided.
Keywords: "Isocyanates, "Accidents, "Toxicity, "Pollu-
tion, Manuals, Risk, Public health, Hazards, Inspection,
Recommendations, Maintenance, Standards, Chemi-
cal releases, Methyl isocyanate.
PB89-161491/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Fractionation of Mutagens from Municipal Sludge
and Wastewater,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
C. W. Wright, D. L. Stewart, and W. C. Weimer. Feb 89,
69p EPA/600/1-89/001
Grant EPA-CR-812051
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Cincin-
nati, OH.
There are potential environmental concerns from the
disposal of municipal wastewater effluents and
sewage treatment plant sludges. The report summa-
rizes the microbial mutagenic evaluation of 13 sewage
sludge samples from various locations in Texas and
Washington state. The sewage sludge samples were
air-dried followed by sequential Soxhfet extraction with
pentane, methylene chloride, and methanol. The or-
ganic extracts from three of the samples were further
fractionated by normal phase high-pressure liquid
chromatography (HPLC). The obtained extracts and
fractions were bioassayed for microbial mutagenic re-
sponse using the standard histidine reversion assay
with Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100,
both with and without S9 metabolic activation. Extracts
and fractions were chemically analyzed by high resolu-
tion gas chromatography (GC) using a variety of ele-
ment-specific detectors, gas chromatograpny/mass
spectrometry (GC/MS), and liquid chromatography/
mass spectrometry (LC/MS).
Keywords: "Microbiology, "Mutagens, "Sludge dispos-
al, "Sewage disposal, Sampling, Solvent extraction,
Bioassay, Pentane, Chromatographic analysis, Salmo-
nella, Methylene chloride, Carblnols, Mass spectros-
copy, Evaluation.
PB89-161509/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Method to Measure Protective Clothing Perme-
ation Under Intermittent Chemical Contact Condi-
tions,
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
R. Goydan, T. R. Carroll, A. D. Schwope, and R. C.
Reid. Feb 89,120p ADL-62290-65, EPA/600/2-89/
004
Contract EPA-68-03-3293
Prepared in cooperation with Massachusetts Inst, of
Tech., Cambridge. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engi-
neering Lab.
A preliminary method was developed to measure
chemical permeation under intermittent chemical con-
tact conditions. Protective clothing permeatwn is pres-
ently measured using ASTM Method f73^85:.
cause this test measures permeation when the cloth-
ing material is in continuous contact with the chemica!
during the test, the results may overestimate the per-
meation resulting from intermittent chernical contacts.
Tests were conducted using nitrile rubber/acetone,
natural rubber/tetrachloroethylene, and vanous t(sub
on)/t(sub cycle) ratios. The results indicate that lower
levels of chemical permeation would be measured
using the proposed method than those using ASTM
F739. The measured breakthrough times were compa-
rable but the permeation rates were greatly reduced.
Although only a limited number of experiments was
performed the method appears to generate reproduci-
ble results which agree fairly well with mathematical
model predictions derived from Fick's laws of diffusion.
Keywords: "Protective clothing, "Chemical com-
pounds, "Permeability, Performance tests, Mathemati-
cal models, Comparison, Experimental design, Syn-
thetic elastomers, Acrylonitrile copolymers, Diene
resins, Natural rubber, Tetrachloroethylene, Diffusion.
PB89-161517/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Evaluation of the Secondary Effects of Air Strlp-
&'ontc
Montgomery (James M.) Consulting Engineers, Inc.,
Pasadena, CA. Montgomery Labs.
M. D. Umphres, and J. H. Van Wagner. Mar 89,99p
EPA/600/2-89/005
Prepared in cooperation with Valley County Water Dis-
trict, Baldwin Park, CA. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction En-
gineering Lab.
At a 2.9 million gallon per day well contaminated with
several volatile organic compounds (VOCs), principally
trichloroethylene (TCE), a packed tower aerator (PTA)
was pilot tested, designed, constructed and monitored
during its first seven months of operation. Pilot testing
was based on gas/liquid mass transfer theory. Calcu-
lated mass transfer coefficients coupled with this
theory were used to design the full-scale aerator for
TCE control. In addition to liquid-phase VOCs, other
parameters including bacteria, temperature, pH, dis-
solved oxygen, calcium, alkalinity, turbidity, particle
counts, noise, and air-phase VOCs were monitored to
assess the secondary effects of aeration.
Keywords: "Aerators, "Column packings, Drinking
water, Air pollution control, Mathematical models,
Graphs(Charts), Performance evaluation, Capitalized
costs, Operating costs, Ground water, Noise(Sound),
Assessments, Design criteria, Particles, Scaling, Cor-
rosion, Bacteria, "Volatile organic compounds, 'Water
pollution control equipment, Ethylene/trichloro, Risk
assessment, Air quality.
PB89-161764/HSll	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Radio Frequency Enhanced Decontamination of
Soils Contaminated with Halogenated Hydrocar-
bons,
IIT Research Inst., Chicago, IL
H. Dev, J. Bridges, G. Sresty, J. Enk, and N. Mshaiel.
Feb 89,175p EPA/600/2-89/008
Contract EPA-CR-811529-02
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
There has been considerable effort in the develop-
ment of innovative treatment technologies for the
clean up of sites containing hazardous wastes such as
hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons. Typical
examples of such waste material are: chlorinated sol-
vents, polychlorinated biphenyls, waste aviation fuels,
gasoline, etc. The feasibility of treating waste sites
containing such materials by in-situ radio frequency
heating was established by the study through bench-
and pilot-scale experiments. A design for an in-situ
field test was developed for the treatment of sites con-
taining solvents and aviation fuel. Cost studies were
performed to estimate the treatment cost of a system
for the decontamination of sites containing fuels, etc.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, "Hazardous materials,
•Radiofrequency heating, "Haiohydrocarbons, "Soil
surveys, "Decontamination, Sites, Feasibility, Field
tests, Cost analysis, Solvents, Gasoline, Aviation fuels,
Experimental design, Graphs(Charts), Earth fills,
TablestData), Fuels, Dielectric properties, Industrial
wastes, "Hazardous materials spills, Polychlorinated
biphenyls, Aroclors.
PB88-161772/HSU	PC A25/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Advanced Utility Simulation Model Analytical Doc-
umentation State Level Model (Version 1.0). Final
rept. Sep 80-Aug 85,
Illinois Univ. at Orbana-Champaign. Coll. of Engineer-
ing.
J. J. Stukel. Jan 89,578p EPA/600/8-88/071A
See also PB89-126569 and PB89-161780. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research
Lab.
The report is one of 11 in a series describing the initial
development of the Advanced Utility Simulation Model
(AUSM). The AUSM is one of four stationary source
emission and control cost forecasting models devel-
oped by EPA for the National Acid Precipitation As-
sessment Program (NAPAP). The AUSM projects air
pollution emissions (S02 and NOx), generating tech-
nology types and costs of operation, and combinations
of fuels and emission control technologies to simulta-
neously meet electric demand and emission con-
straints on a least cost basis for each year through
2010. Thirteen electric demand regions are simulated,
and output is provided for each of the 48 contiguous
states. The initial version of AUSM, Version 1.0, was
delivered in November 1984 and August 1985. Further
development of the AUSM between 1985 and 1988
has resulted in the development of Versions 2.0 and
3.0. Reports describing these revisions to the initial
Version 1.0 of AUSM are also part of the series.
Keywords: "Mathematical models, "Air pollution con-
trol, Forecasting, Operating costs, Industrial wastes,
Cost analysis, State government, Control simulation.
Electric power demand, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen
oxides, Tables(Data), Numerical analysis, 'Stationary
sources, "Air pollution economics, National Acid Pre-
cipitation Assessment Program.
PB89-161780/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Advanced Utility Simulation Model Description of
Modifications to the State Level Model (Version
3.0). Final rept. Mar 86-Jun 88,
Science Applications International Corp., McLean, VA.
R. L. Capone, R. Lassinger, C. Peterson, and E. May.
Jan 89,93p EPA/600/8-88/0711
Contract EPA-68-02-4227
See also PB89-161772. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report documents modifications to the state level
model portion of the Advanced Utility Simulation
Model (AUSM), one of four stationary source emission
and control cost forecasting models developed for the
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
(NAPAP). The AUSM model, originally developed In
two principal parts (the national loop and the state
level model), projects air pollution control, and elecMc
rates by consumer category by state and year. The
state level model modifications followed testing and
review that Identified four types of required revisions:
(1) correction of coding errors which caused syntacti-
cal or logical problems; (2) addition of new knowledge
about electric utility operations, generating and emis-
sions control equipment, ways in which users wish to
run the model, and user information need8; (3) modifi-
cation of components to permit calibration or AUSM to
more accurately simulate the historical years, 1980-
1985; and (4) incorporation of changes in external fac-
tors such as new tax requirements and financing
trends. Only Revisions 2, 3, and 4 are Included in the
volume. Revision 1 modifications are documented in
the source code by comment.
Keywords: "Mathematical models, "Air pollution con-
trol, Operating costs, Cost analysis, Industrial wastes,
State government. Electric power demand, Control
simulation, Numerical analyses, Sulfur dioxide, Nitro-
gen oxides, Forecasting, Revisions, "Stationary
sources, "Air pollution economics, Emission factors.
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program.
PB89-161798/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 189: Carbofuran.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Pesticide Programs.
5 Jan 89,8p EPA/540/FS-89/026
See also PB87-105516.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion , including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on Carbofuran. A Fact Sheet is
Issued after one of the following actions has occurred:
Issuance or reissuance of a registration standard; Issu-
ance of each special review document; Registration of
a significantly changed use pattern; Registration of a
new chemical, or An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, Carbamates, Insecticides, 'Toxic
substances, 'Furadan, 'Carbofuran, Path of pollut-
ants, Chemical information fact sheet, Use patterns,
Science findings, CAS 1563-66-2.
PB89-161830/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Flah Communities In Lakes In Subrsglon 2B
(Upper Peninsula of Michigan) In Relation to Lake
Acidity- Volume 1,
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
R F. Cusimano, J. P. Baker, W. W. Taylor, B. P.
Baldigo, and W. J. Warren-Hicks. Mar 89,132p EPA/
600/3-89/021A
Contract EPA-68-C8-0006, EPA-68-03-3249
See also Volume 2, PB89-161848. Sponsored in part
by Contract EPA-68-03-3439 and Grant EPA-R-
814030. Prepared in cooperation with Kilkelly Environ-
mental Associates, Inc., Raleigh, NC., Michigan State
Unlv, East Lansing, and Lockheed Engineering and
Sciences Co., Washington, DC. Sponsored by Corval-
lis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Suveys of fish community status were conducted in
summer 1987 in 49 lakes in Subregion 2B, the Upper
Peninsula of Michigan, as part of Phase II of the East-
ern Lake Survey. Lake selection involved a variable
probability sampling design. Fish communities were
surveyed using gill nets, trap nets, beach seines, and
angling. Duplicate surveys were conducted for 10 of
the 49 lakes as part of the quality assurance/quality
control protocol. Fish were collected in 47 of the 49
lakes surveyed. Extrapolation of the results to the
Pastern Lake Survey Phase II target population sug-
gests that 99.4% of the lakes in the area support fish.
For the 49 survey lakes, the number of fish species
caught per lake (species richness) was lower in seep-
age lakes (without inlets or outlets) than in non-seep-
ms lakes and was also lower In lakes with lower pH,
ANC calcium (and other base cations), DOC, and
silica' and with higher levels of extractable aluminum. In
contrast to the large number of variables associated
with flah presence/absence and species richness,
variations in the numbers of fish caught and catch per
unit effort among lakes appeared to be independent of
lake characteristics.
Kavwords: 'Acidification, 'Fishes, 'Lakes, 'Water pol-
lution. Michigan, Environmental surveys, Sampling,
Statistical analysis, pH, Cations, Perch, Bass, Water
chemiatry, Silicon dioxide, Aluminum, Seepage, Spe-
eds diversity, Catch statistics.
PBM.161S48/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
CnrvalU* Environmental Research Lab., OR.
M, Communities In Lakes In Subregion 2B
ilj£per peninsula of Michigan) In Relation to Lake
sSSw. Volume 2, Appendices,
Sortjirop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
FIF Cusimano, J. P. Baker, W. W. Taylor, B. P.
Saiiiao and W. J. Warren-Hicks. Mar 89,111p
Contract EPA-68-C8-0006, EPA-68-03-3249
SiL also Volume 1, PB89-161830. Sponsored in part
bv Contract EPA-68-03-3439 and Grant EPA-R-
814030. Prepared In cooperation with Kilkelly Environ-
mental Associates, Inc., Raleigh, NC., Michigan State
lb*/ East Lansing, and Lockheed Engineering and
Minces Co., Washington, DC. Sponsored by Corval-
lt Environmental Research Lab., OR.
4<*veV8 of fish community status were conducted in
auniMr 1987 In 49 lakes in Subregion 2B, the Upper
Peninsula of Michigan, as part of Phase II of the East-
am Lake Survey. Lake selection involved a variable
^Lkability sampling design. Fish communities were
•imaved using gill nets, trap nets, beach seines, and
aMHna. Fish were collected In 47 of the 49 lakes sur-
S-JedExtrapolatlon of the results to the Eastern Lake
sSuM Phase II target population suggests that 99.4%
nMhe lakes In the area support fish. For the 49 survey
• the number of fish species caught per lake (spe-
cies richness) was lower in seepage lakes (without
inlets or outlets) than in non-seepage lakes and was
also lower in lakes with lower pH, ANC, calcium (and
other base cations), DOC, and silica and with higher
levels of extractable aluminum. In contrast to the large
number of variables associated with fish presence/ab-
sence and species richness, variations in the numbers
of fish caught and catch per unit effort among lakes
appeared to be independent of lake characteristics.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Fishes, 'Lakes, 'Water pol-
lution, Michigan, Environmental surveys, Sampling,
Water chemistry, Laboratories, pH, Fluorides, Quality
control, Aluminum, Silicon dioxide, Perch, Trout, Bass,
Tables(Data), Dissolved organic carbon, Catch statis-
tics.
PB89-161855/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Novel and Simple Approach to Elimination of
Dilute Toxic Waates Based on Photoelectrocheml-
cal Systems. Final rept. Jan 86-Jan 88,
Solar Energy Research Inst., Golden, CO.
G. Cooper, and A. J. Nozik. Feb 89,31 p EPA/600/2-
89/007
Grant EPA-CR-813055-010
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research
Lab.
This work investigated several basic parameters. Im-
portant for extending photocatalytic purification of
water contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE), from
the laboratory to the field. Some of these variables
strongly influence the decomposition kinetics of the
TCE. Parameters investigated were the effect of solu-
tion pH, initial TCE concentration, presence of natural-
ly occurring ions, temperature and presence of 'color
bodies.' It was found that the photocatalytic decompo-
sition of aqueous TCE occurs more than twice as fast
in the pH range 6.4 to 9 than in the range 3.4 to 5. Ad-
ditionally, various photocatalyst materials were also
tested but titanium dioxide exhibited superior activity in
decomposing TCE. In this laboratory study low intensi-
ty irradiation having the equivalent intensity of 1 /4 to
1 /5 Solar at AM1 was employed in order to exemplify
the feasibility of large scale water purification utilizing
natural solar light.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Water pollution
control, 'Photochemical reactions, 'Photoelectricity,
Solvents, Industrial wastes, Ground water, Surface
water, Laboratory equipment, Performance evaluation,
Decomposition, Reaction kinetics, pH, 'Liquid waste
disposal, 'Ethylene/trichloro, 'Land pollution, 'Land
disposal, Environmental transport.
PB89-1S1863/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Evaluation of HCI Continuous Emission Monitors.
Final rept. May 86-May 87,
Entropy Environmentalists, Inc., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. A. Shanklin, J. R. Jernigan, and S. C. Steinsberger,
Mar 89,113p EPA/600/3-89/019
Contract EPA-68-02-4442
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
The report presents the findings obtained from the
field evaluation of commercially available HCI monitor-
ing equipment at a municipal waste-fired boiler which
was not equipped with HCI emission control equip-
ment. The analyzers were operated continuously
during a two-month test period. The measurement
techniques employed by the HCI monitors evaluated
were IR gas filter correlation, specific ion electrode,
wet chemical colorimetric, dry reaction colorimetric,
and gas membrane galvanic cell. Except for the gas
membrane galvanic cell monitor, the HCI monitoring
equipment produced effluent measurements that were
in good agreement with concurrent reference meas-
urements. The results comparing the continuous emis-
sion monitor data to the reference wet-chemistry
measurement data do not indicate biases for any of
the monitor measurement techniques because of ana-
lytical interferences preeent in the effluent of this mu-
nicipal refuse-fired boiler. Also, both in-stack dilution
systems and the nondilution, heat-traced sampling
system were found to reliably provide representative
effluent samples to the analyzers.
Keywords: 'Continuous sampling, 'Hydrogen chloride,
'Incinerators, 'Waste disposal, 'Hazardous materials,
'Samplers, Combustion products, Design criteria, Per-
formance evaluation, Air filters, Ion electrodes, Cali-
brating, Graphs(Charts), Measuring instruments, Co-
lorimeters, Galvanometers, Electrolytic cells, Chim-
neys, Comparison, 'Environmental monitoring, 'Mu-
nicipal wastes, 'Air pollution sampling, Wet methods,
Dry methods.
PB89-161939/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
National Inst, for Occupational Safety and Health, Cin-
cinnati, OH.
Proceedings of the First NCI/EPA/NIOSH (Nation-
al Cancer Institute/Environmental Protection
Agency/National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health) Collaborative Workshop: Progress on
Joint Environmental and Occupational Cancsr
Studies Held In Rockvllle, Maryland on May 6-8,
1980,
National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD.
H. F. Kraybill, I. C. Blackwood, and N. B. Freas. May
80,874p
See also PB88-164355. Sponsored by National Inst,
for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH.,
and Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
DC.
Proceedings of a workshop on progress in environ-
mental and occupational cancer studies are present-
ed. Epidemiological and industrial hygiene studies of
populations exposed to potential carcinogens were re-
ported. New methodological approaches and develop-
ments for testing for carcinogenicity and mutagenicity,
experimental studies on the carcinogenicity of different
chemical, the development of in-vitro tests for screen-
ing chemicals for carcinogenic potential, and the de-
velopment of markers useful in the diagnosis of malig-
nant diseases were reported. Problems and new de-
velopments in radiation carcinogenesis studies were
discussed, with emphasis on the carcinogenic effects
of exposure to ultravfolet-B radiation. Data resources
for determining occupational hazards and information
and modeling systems were described. Uses of the
National Occupational Hazard Survey of NIOSH were
discussed. The authors conclude that the collaborative
research programs of NIOSH, the National Cancer In-
stitute, and the Environmental Protection Agency have
resulted in considerable progress in the identification
of cancer hazards in the general work environment.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Industrial medi-
cine, 'Carcinogens, 'Meetings, Toxicity, Inspection,
Hazardous materials, 'Toxic substances, 'Occupa-
tional safety and health, 'Cancer, Medical research,
Epidemiology.
PB89-161954/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Quality Assurance Audits of the EPA (Environ-
mental Protection Agency) State-Operated Pre-
cipitation Collection Network: 1987,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
W. C. Eaton, C. E. Moore, R. W. Murdoch, and D. A.
Ward. Mar 89,66p EPA/600/3-89/024
Contract EPA-68-D8-0001, EPA-68-02-4125
See also PB87-208740. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The collection of precipitation and the measurement of
its constituents are important steps in attaining a better
understanding of the distribution and effects of acid
rain in the United States. The document is a report of
the findings from quality assurance and technical as-
sistance visits made in 1987 to the 29 sites that com-
prise the State Operated Precipitation Network. The
network is staffed mainly by personnel from state envi-
ronmental agencies and foresty commissions. It is
under the overall sponsorship of regional and national
offices of the Environmental Protection Agency. Pro-
cedures followed in conducting the site visits are de-
scribed. Results of systems and performance audits
are discussed for siting, collection equipment, and field
laboratories.
Keywords: 'Precipitation(Meteorology), 'State gov-
ernment 'Collecting methods, Measuring instruments,
Laboratories, Quality assurance, Technical assist-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ance. Performance evaluation, 'State operated pre-
cipitation network, *Acid rain.
PB89-161962/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Development and Validation of a Test Method for
Acrylonltrlle Emissions,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. N. Fulcher, G. B. Howe, R. K. M. Jayanty, and M. R.
Peterson. Mar 89, 51 p EPA/600/3-89/022
Contracts EPA-68-02-4125, EPA-68-02-4442
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
Acrylonitrile (AN) has been identified as a suspected
carcinogen and may be regulated in the future as a
hazardous air pollutant under Section 112 of the Clean
Air Act. A method was validated that utilizes a midget
impinger containing methanol for trapping AN vapors
followed by a charcoal tube for detecting any AN lost
from the impinger. The analysis was performed by cap-
illary gas chromatography with a nitrogen selective de-
tector. The accuracy of the method was determined to
be 100 + or - 4.6% from 11 tests performed in the lab-
oratory covering the range of 10.6 to 1038 ppm AN
and 0 to 40% moisture. The overall precision was
3.3%. Field testing of the method was conducted at
two different sites.
Keywords: *Gas analysis, 'Acrylonitriles, Performance
evaluation, Laboratory equipment, Design criteria,
Sampling, Field tests, Sites, Quality control, Gas chro-
matography, Traps, Concentration(Composition), *Air
pollution detection, 'Stationary sources, Air pollution
sampling, Environmental monitoring.
PB89-161970/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Annual Report on Performance Audit Results for
POHC (Principal Organic Hazardous Constituents)
Testing During RCRA Trial Burns,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Jayanty, S. B. Tompkins, and G. B. Howe. Mar
89,56p EPA/600/3-89/023
Contract EPA-68-02-4550
See also PB84-187889. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Lab.
Audit materials containing Principal Organic Hazard-
ous Constituents (POHCs) have been developed by
AREAL for use by federal, state, and local agencies or
their contractors to assess the accuracy of measure-
ment methods during RCRA trial burn tests. Audit ma-
terials are currently available for 27 gaseous organics
In 5,6, 7, and 9 component mixtures at parts-per-billion
levels (7 to 10,000 ppb) in compressed gas cylinders in
a balance gas of nitrogen. The criteria used for the se-
lection of the gaseous organic compounds is de-
scribed. Stability studies indicate that all of the organ-
ics tested (with the exception of ethylene oxide and
propylene oxide below 10 ppb levels) are stable
enough to be used as reliable audit materials. Subse-
quent to completion of the stability studies, 129 per-
formance audits have been initiated with the audit ma-
terials to assess the accuracy of the Volatile Organic
Sampling Train (VOSTji and baa measurement meth-
ods during or prior to RCRA trial burn tests.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Audits, 'Inciner-
ators, 'Organic compounds, 'Air pollution, Carbon tet-
rachloride, Ethylene oxide, Propylene oxide, Gas anal-
ysis, Chemical analysis, Sampling, 'Volatile organic
sampling trains, *Alr pollution detection, Volatile or-
ganic compounds.
PB89-161988/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 19a Tefluthrln.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
3 Feb 89,13p EPA/540/FS-89/025
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide, tefluth-
rin. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the following ac-
tions has occurred: Issuance or reissuance of a regis-
tration standard; Issuance of each special review doc-
ument: Registration of a significantly changed use pat-
tern: Registration of a new chemical: An immediate
need for information to resolve controversial issues re-
lating to a specific chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides, Hazardous ma-
terials, Chemical properties, Regulations, Toxicology,
Ecology, Agricultural products, Fluorine organic com-
pounds, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, 'Toxic
substances, "Tefluthrin, Path of pollutants, Pyrethroid,
Chemical information fact sheets, Use patterns, Sci-
ence findings, CAS 79538-32-2.
PB89-161996/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstratlon of Pesticide
Products Containing Metaldehyde as the Active
Ingredient. EPA Case No. 0576.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Dec 88,101p EPA/540/RS-89/028
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing metaldehyde
as the active ingredient. The document includes how
to register under a registration standard, regulatory po-
sition and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Guidelines, 'Standards, Ge-
netics, Packaging, Labels, Marking, Hazardous materi-
als, Agricultural products, Manufacturing, Public
health, Regulations, Tables(Data), Aldehydes, Hydro-
carbons, Bibliographies, 'Reregistration, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Metaldehyde, Federal Insecticide Fungicide
and Rodenticide Act, CAS 9002-91 -9, CAS 108-62-3.
PB89-16208S/HSU	PC A04
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Effects of Acute Radiation on Reproductive Suc-
cess of the Polychaete Worm 'Neanthes arena-
ceodentata'. Final rept.,
Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA. Environmental
Sciences Div.
F. L. Harrison, and S. L. Anderson. Dec 88,58p EPA/
520/1-88/003
Sponsored by Office of Radiation Programs, Washing-
ton, DC.
Laboratory populations of the polychaete worm
Neanthes arenaceodentata were exposed to acute
doses of external gamma radiation to determine ef-
fects on reproduction. Groups of mated pairs received
either no radiation (controls) or 0.5,1.0, 2.0, 5.0 10 or
50 Gy. The doses were delivered at the time when oo-
cytes were visible in the females and at a rate of 5 Gy/
min. The broods from the mated pairs were sacrificed
before hatching occurred, and information was ob-
tained on brood size, on the number of normal and ab-
normal embryos, and the number of embryos that were
living, dying, and dead. An important effect of acute ir-
radiation was increased mortality of the embryos.
Except for those mated pairs that received 10 or 50
Gy, there was no evidence for gamete loss or for re-
duced fertilization success; the number of embryos in
the brood did not decrease with increased dosage.
The results on embryo abnormality and mortality indi-
cate that lethal mutations were most likely induced in
the germ cells and that these affected survival of the
early life stages.
Keywords: 'Worms, 'Gamma rays, 'Radiation effects,
Fertility, Tables(Data), Embryos, Marine biology, Anne-
lida, Invertebrates, Reproduction(Biology), Radioeco-
logy, Dose-response relationships, Neanthes arena-
ceodentata.
PB89-162093/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 189; Propazin*.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
20 Dec 88,6p EPA/540/FS-89/021
See also PB89-162101.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide, propa-
mine. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the following
actions has occurred: Issuance or reissuance of a reg-
istration standard; Issuance of each special review
document; Registration of a significantly changed use
pattern: Registration of a new chemical; An immediate
need for information to resolve controversial issues re-
lating to a specific chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, Triazines, Nitrogen heterocyclic
compounds, 'Toxic substances, 'Propazine, Path of
pollutants, Chemical information fact sheet. Use pat-
terns, Science findings, CAS 139-40-2.
PB89-162101/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstratlon of Pesticide
Products Containing Propazine as the Active In-
gredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Dec 88,102p EPA/540/RS-89/022
See also PB89-162093.
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing propazine as
the active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Standards, Guidelines, Genet-
ics, Packaging, Labels, Marking, Hazardous materials.
Ecology, Agricultural products, Manufacturing, PubNc
health, Regulations, Tables(Data), Triazines, Nitrogen
heterocyclic compounds, Bibliographies, 'Reregistra-
tion, 'Toxic substances, 'Propazine, Path of pollut-
ants, Chemical information fact sheet, Use patterns,
Science findings.
PB89-162119/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 194: Difenzoquat.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Dec 88,8p EPA/540/FS-89/035
See also PB89-162127.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on ditenzoquat. A Fact Sheet Is
issued after one of the following actions has occurred:
Issuance or reissuance of a registration standard; Issu-
ance of each special review document; Registration of
a significantly changed use pattern; Registration of a
new chemical; An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Herbicides, Hazardous mate-
rials, Chemical properties, Regulations, Toxicology,
Ecology, Agricultural products, 'Toxic substances,
'Difenzoquat, Chemical information fact sheet. Use
patterns, Science findings, Pyrazoles, Path of pollut-
ants, CAS 43222-48-6.
PB89-162127/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of PesMcWe
Products Containing DHenzoquat Methyl Sulphate
as the Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Dec 88,112p EPA/540/RS-89/034
See also PB89-162119.
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing difenzoquat
methyl sulfate as the active ingredient. The document
includes how to register under a registration standard,
regulatory position and rationale, and summaries of
data requirements and data gaps. Also Included is a
bibliography containing citations of all studies re-
viewed by EPA in arriving at the positions and conci-
sions contained in the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Guidelines, Standards. Go
netics. Packaging. Labels, Marking, Regulations, Bib-
liographies, Hazardous materials. Ecology, Agricultural
products, Manufacturing, Public health, Tables(Data)
Organic sulfates, 'Reregistration, 'Difenzoquat methyl
sulfate, 'Toxic substances, CAS 43222-46-6, Federal
Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB89-184172/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Product* Containing Bendiocarb as the Active In-
gredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Oct 87,140p EPA/540/RS-88/122
See also PB89-164180.
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing bendiocarb
as the active ingredient. The document includes how
to register under a registration standard, regulatory po-
sition and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Standards, 'Guidelines, Ge-
netics, Packaging, Labels, Marking, Hazardous materi-
als, Manufacturing, Bibliographies, Regulations, Public
health, Tables(Data), Carbamates, Reregistration,
"Bendiocarb, 'Toxic substances, Federal Insecticide
Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, CAS 22781-23-3.
PBM-164180/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
pesticide Fact Sheet Number 195: Bendiocarb.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Jun 87,7p EPA/540/FS-88/123
See also PB89-164172.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on bendiocarb. A Fact Sheet is
Issued after one of the following actions has occurred:
Issuance or reissuance of a registration standard; Issu-
ance of each special review document; Registration of
a significantly changed use pattern; Registration of a
new chemical; An immediate need for information to
reaolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Is: 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides, Hazardous ma-
Is, Chemical properties. Regulations, Toxicology,
Ecology. Carbamates, 'Toxic substances, 'Bendio-
caito. Path of pollutants, Chemical information fact
aheet, Use patterns, Science findings, CAS 22781-23-
3.
Keyword;
tenals, C
PB89-164198/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
products Containing 'Bscllius thurlnglensis' as the
Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Doc 88,80p EPA/540/RS-89/023
See also PB89-164206.
The document contains information regarding the reg-
iatration of pesticide products containing Bacillus thur-
lnglensis as the active ingredient. The document In-
cludes how to register under a registration standard,
regulatory position and rationale, and summaries of
data requirements and data gaps. Also included is a
bibliography containing citations of all studies re-
PA In arriving at the positions and conclu-
aions contained In the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Guidelines, Standards, Ge-
netics, Packaging, Labels, Marking, Hazardous materi-
als, Ecology, Agricultural products, Manufacturing,
Public health, Regulations, Tables(Data), Bacillaceae,
Bacteria, 'Reregistration, 'Toxic substances, 'Bacll-
£ja thurlnglensis, Federal Insecticide Fungicide and
- ¦ " ? Act, Biological insect control.
PM9-184208/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
PsstVlrtf Fact Sheet Number 93.0: 'Bacillus thur-
¦nutenals'
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Offioe of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Dec88,10p EPA/540/FS-88/024
See«ISOPB89-164198.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
—i and rationale, on a specific pesticide, Bacillus
msi8. A Fact Sheet Is issued after one of the
i actions has occurred: Issuance or reissuance
of a registration standard; Issuance of each special
document; Registration of a significantly
changed use pattern; Registration of a new chemical;
An immediate need for information to resolve contro-
versial issues relating to a specific chemical or use pat-
tern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides, Hazardous ma-
tenals, Chemical properties, Regulations, Toxicology,
Ecology, Agricultural products, Bacillaceae, Bactena,
'Toxic substances, 'Bacillus thuringiensis, Path of pol-
lutants, Chemical information fact sheet, Use patterns,
Science findings, Biological insect control.
PB89-164214/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Resmethrln as the Active In-
gredient
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Dec 88,105p EPA/540/RS-89/032
See also PB89-184222.
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing resmethrin as
the active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
aniving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Guidelines, 'Standards, Ecol-
ogy, Agricultural products, Genetics, Packaging,
Labels, Marking, Hazardous materials, Manufacturing,
Public health, Regulations, Tables(Data), Carboxylic
acid esters, Cycloalkane compounds, Phenols, Bib-
liographies, 'Reregistration, 'Toxic substances, 'Res-
methrin, Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenti-
cide Act, CAS 10453-86-8, Pyrethroid.
PB89-164222/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 193: Resmethrin.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Dec 88.10p EPA/540/FS-89/033
See also PB89-164214.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Aaency's position and
rationale, on resmethrin. A Fact sheet is issued after
one of the following actions has occurred: Issuance or
reissuance of a registration standard; Issuance of each
special review document; Registration of a significantly
changed use pattern; Registration of a new chemicai;
An immediate need for information to resolve contro-
versial issues relating to a specific chemical or use pat-
tern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides, Hazardous ma-
tenals. Chemical properties, Regulations, Toxicology,
Ecology, Agricultural products, Carboxylic acid esters,
Cycloalkane compounds, Phenols, 'Toxic substances,
'Resmethrin, Path of pollutants, Chemical information
fact sheet. Use patterns, Science findings, CAS
10453-86-8, Pyrethroid.
PB89-164230/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Pesticides In Ground Water Data Base. 1988 Inter-
im Report,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
W. M. Williams, P. W. Holden, D. W. Parsons, and M.
N. Lorber. Dec 88,154p* EPA/540/9-89/036
One of EPA's priorities is to determine the extent of
pesticides occurring In the nation's ground water. The
Pesticides in Ground Water Data Base was developed
to compile the results from monitoring studies con-
ducted by pesticide registrants, universities, and gov-
ernment agencies. The data base identifies the pesti-
cides that nav^ been looked for In ground water, the
areas that hav* been monitored, and the pesticides
that have been detected. An important component in
the development of the data base is the data confirma-
tion program which Involves contacting the director or
responsible agsnt for each study in order to document
and assess the sample collection and analysis proce-
dures used in the study. The report outlines the devel-
opment of the data base, the data confirmation pro-
gram, and how the data base will be used by EPA to
support the registration process for pesticides. The
report attempts to segregate the results according to
the quality of the study and the origin of contamination
(i.e., point source origins vs leaching through the soil
following applications in accordance with registration).
The report is an interim report in that the data confir-
mation program continues and new data is added to it
daily.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Ground water, 'Information
systems, 'Water pollution. Water quality. Sampling,
Assessments, Comparison, Agricultural chemistry,
Water pollution sampling. Point sources, Environmen-
tal transport, Environmental monitoring.
PB89-164248/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Reporting
Form R and Instructions. (Revised 1988 Version)
Section 313 of the Emergency Plsnning and Com-
munity Rlght-to-Know Act.
ICF Technology, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
Jan 89,89p EPA/560/4-88/005
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Toxic Substances.
Submission of EPA Form R, the Toxic Chemical Re-
lease Inventory Reporting Form, is required by section
313 of the Emergency Planning and Community Rlght-
to-Know Act (Title III of the Superfund Amendments
and Reauthorization Act of 1986, Public Law 99-499.)
The information contained in Form R constitutes a
'report,' and the submission of a report to the appropri-
ate authorities constitutes 'reporting.' Reporting is re-
quired to provide the public with information on the re-
lease of listed toxic chemicals from your facility to the
environment during the past year. Facilities must
report the quantities of both routine and accidental re-
leases of listed chemicals, as well as the maximum
amount of the listed chemical ever onsite during the
calendar year and the amount contained in wastes
transferred off-site.
Keywords: "Chemical compounds, 'Instructions,
'Manuals, Reporting, Information, Facilities, Indus-
tries, Industrial plants, Waste disposal, Site surveys,
Concentration(Composition), 'Hazardous materials,
Chemical properties, Earth fills, Requirements, 'Toxic
substances, Superfund Amendments and Reauthor-
ization Act of 1986, Waste transfer stations.
PB89-164255/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Questions and
Answers; Section 313 of the Emergency Planning
and Community Right-to-Know Act
ICF Technology, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
Jan 89,57p EPA/560/4-89/002
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, be. Office of Toxic Substances.
The Questions and Answers document has been pre-
pared to help clarify reportingrequirements under Sec-
tion 313 of the Emergency Planning and Community
Right-to-Know Act (Title III of the Superfund Amend-
ments and Reauthorization Act of 1986, Public Law
99-499.) The document has been developed to expe-
dite facility reporting and to provide additional explana-
tion of reporting requirements. It supplements the in-
structions for completing Form R.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Guidelines, Ques-
tionnaires, Information, Utilization, Facilities, Sites,
'Hazardous materials. Waste treatment. Monitoring.
Concentratk>n(Composition), Quality control, Industrial
plants, Reporting, Requirements, Penalties, 'Toxic
substances, Environmental transport, Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986.
PB89-1S4283/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Effectiveness of Agricultural and Silvlcultural
Nonpolnt Source Controls. Final rept.
Jones and Stokes Associates, Inc., Bellevue, WA.
Oct 88,229p EPA/910/9-88/210
Contract EPA-68-02-4381
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seat-
tle, WA. Region X.
The report summarizes state of the art information in
the Northwest on available nonpoint source (NPS)
monitoring techniques for aquatic ecosystems. The
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
document evaluates the potential to use ecosystem
measures such as fish habitat improvements and ripar-
ian area quality to assess the effectiveness of NPS
control. The four main objectives of the report are to:
(1) inventory selected monitoring programs associated
with best management practices implemented by agri-
cultural and silvicultural resource management agen-
cies, including programs that use only baseline moni-
toring; (2) summarize water quality and aquatic habitat
parameters that have been monitored and the tech-
niques that have been used; (3) evaluate the applica-
bility of monitoring techniques, particularly those as-
sessing aquatic habitat condition; (4) recommend,
based on experience of the region, appropriate ele-
ments of a monitoring program.
Keywords: "Agricultural wastes, 'Water pollution con-
trol, Monitoring, Water quality, Aquatic animals, Animal
behavior, Ecology, Fishes, Reviews, Farm crops,
Feeding stuffs, irrigation, Guidelines, Performance
evaluation, Dry farming, Grazing land, 'Nonpoint
sources, "Silviculture, "Environmental monitoring,
'Pollution control, "EPA region 10, Water manage-
ment, Baseline measurements, State of the art, Best
technology.
PB89-164271/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
User's Guide to MOBILE4 (Mobil* Source Emis-
sion Factor Model). Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
Feb 89,195p EPA/AA/TEB-89/01
Supersedes PB84-213974.
The document is the User's Guide to MOBILE4.
MOBILE4 is a computer program that calculates emis-
sion factors for hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide
(CO), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) from gasoline-
fueled and diesel highway motor vehicles. The pro-
gram uses the calculation procedures and emission
factors presented in Compilation of Air Pollutant Emis-
sion Factors: Highway Mobile Sources (AP-42 Fourth
Edition, September 1985). MOBILE4 calculates emis-
sion factors for eight individual vehicle types in two re-
gions of the country. MOBILE4 emission estimates
depend on various conditions such as ambient temper-
ature, speed, and mileage accrual rates. MOBILE4 su-
percedes MOBILES.
Keywords: "Exhaust emissions, "Air pollution, "Gaso-
line, "Diesel fuels, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide,
Nitrogen oxides, User manuals(Computer programs),
Motor vehicles, Highway transportation, Fortran,
MOBILE4 computer program, Evaporative emissions.
PB89-164305/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
User's Quids to SDM- A Shoreline Dispersion
Model.
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Sep 88,225p EPA/450/4-88/017
Contract EPA-68-02-4351
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The Shoreline Dispersion Model (SDM) is a multipoint
Gaussian dispersion model that can be used to deter-
mine ground-level concentrations from tall stationary
point sources that are influenced by the unique mete-
wp'Ofllcal phenomenon In a shoreline environment
The SDM model is a hybrid model that utilizes a shore-
line fumigation model to determine the hours during
the year when fumigation events are expected and
that uses the EPA MPTER model to determine the re-
maining hours. The advantage of the SDM hybrid
model is that it can provide the total impact of a
source, i.e., the source itself and other nearby sources.
The user's guide provides an overview of the program,
its routines, and algorithms and describes the model
input/output.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Atmospheric diffusion, Me-
teorology, Mathematical models, "Air quality disper-
sion model, 'Shorelines, Stationary sources, User
manuals(Computer programs).
PB89-164313/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Indoor Radon Pollution: Update. Bibliographic
S. A. Richard. Dec 88,204p* EPA/IMSD-88/014
The bibliography focuses on indoor radon pollution
problems and is organized according to the following
major topic areas: l-Overview (covering general areas
such as law and policy, popular press, communication
and education, indoor air and books); ll-Health Effects
(epidemiology, risk estimates, and dosimetry); Ill-Expo-
sure (house construction, geology, source, physical
properties, and radon in water); TV-Surveys (national
and international case studies); V-Mitigation; and VI-
Measurement Techniques. Section Vlll-Appendix, lists
State Contacts.
Keywords: "Radon, "Bibliographies, "Air pollution, Ab-
stracts, Residential buildings, Public health, Exposure,
Radiation monitoring, Case studies, Radiation doses,
Risks, "Indoor air pollution, Water pollution
effects(Human), Environmental transport, Air pollution
effects(Humans).
PB89-164321/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Risk Assessment Methodology for Hazardous
Waste Management. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
E. W. Lawless. 23 Sep 88,325p" EPA/230/02-89/041
Contract EQ4C15
See also PB86-158912. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Policy,
Planning and Evaluation, and Council on Environmen-
tal Quality, Washington, DC.
Presents a methodology for assessing and comparing
the risks to human health and the environment of haz-
ardous waste management alternatives, based on a
critique of available technical and science policy litera-
ture. Methodology is oriented toward site-specific as-
sessments of alternative treatment, storage and dis-
posal facilities. It is designed to be modular, with 7
steps (1) hazard characterization, (2) environmental
transport and fate analysis, (3) exposure prediction, (4)
health and environmental effects analysis, (5) estima-
tion of adverse impacts for exposed individuals and
populations, (6) uncertainty analysis, and (7) compari-
son of results across hazardous waste management
alternatives. Careful aggregation of uncertainties is de-
scribed. Extensive bibliography.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Environmental sur-
veys, Assessments, Substitutes, Comparison, Expo-
sure, Public health, Dosage, Waste disposal. Sources,
Probability theory, Mathematical models, Chemical
compounds, Error analysis, Water pollution, Air pollu-
tion, Pesticides, Drinking water, "Waste management,
"Risk assessment, Environmental transport, Fate of
pollutants, Environmental health, Environmental ef-
fects.
PB89-164652/H8U
CP DM
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Information Management and Services Div.
HEQADAS: Heavy Gas Dispersion Model (for
Microcomputers). Model-Simulation,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
A. Marsden, and D. Guinnup. 27 Jan 89, 4 diskettes*
EPA/SW/DK-89/027
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskettes,
double density (360K), compatible with the IBM PC
microcomputer. The diskettes are in the ASCII format.
Price includes documentation, PB89-164560.
The HEGADAS program models the dispersion of re-
leases of heavier-than-air gases to the atmosphere.
The model is an integral model which uses assumed
profile (e.g., concentration profile) shapes and empiri-
cal relations describing air entrainmenl The model
provides for a smooth transition to passive dispersion.
Descriptions of heat transfer from the ground and
water vapor transfer are also included. The source re-
lease rate may be constant or time-dependent (e.g.,
evaporating liquid pool). Software Description: The
software is written in the FORTRAN language for use
on an IBM PC or compatible machines using DOS 3.1
or higher operating system. Memory requirement is
512kT
Keywords: "Models-Simulation, "Dispersions, "Gases,
"Air pollution, Heat transfer, Evaporation, Water vapor,
Diskettes, L=Fortran, H=IBM PC.
PB89-164560/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
HEGADAS: Heavy Gas Dispersion Program. User's
Guide,
Shell Research Ltd., Chester (England).
H. W. M. Witlox, J. S. Puttock, and G. W. Colenbrander
Aug 88,105p* EPA/SW/DK-89/027A
For system on diskette, see PB89-164552. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
The HEGADAS program models the dispersion of re-
leases of heavier-than-air gases to the atmosphere.
The model is an integral model which uses assumed
profile (e.g., concentration profile) shapes and empiri-
cal relations describing air entrainment. The model
provides for a smooth transition to passive dispersion.
Descriptions of heat transfer from the ground and
water vapor transfer are also included. The source re-
lease rate may be constant or time-dependent (e.g.,
evaporating liquid pool).
Keywords: "Dispersions, "Gases, "Air pollution, Math-
ematical models, Heat transfer, Evaporation, Water
vapor, Documentation, User manuals(Computer pro-
grams).
PB89-164909/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Wetlands Protection. Bibliographic series.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Information Management and Services Div.
Nov 88,99p EPA/lMSD-88/009
The bibliography serves as a tool for understanding
wetlands and the regulations, policies and activities
that form the current framework for protection or deg-
radation and loss. It is organized according to the fol-
lowing topics: Wetland types; Wetland characteriza-
tion; wetland values or functions; Trends in wetlands-
Wetland mitigation; Wetland regulations and policies'
Citations included in the bibliography were selected
from articles and papers published between 1974 and
1987.
Keywords: "Swamps, "Bibliographies, Regulations
Policy, Characteristics, Value, "Wetlands, "Marshes!
"Resource conservation, Aquatic ecosystems, US
EPA.
PB89-164917/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Technology Transfer: Clearinghouses. Bibliograph-
ic series.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Information Management and Services Div.
Sep 88,25p EPA/TMSD-88/006
The bibliography is part of the EPA Headquarters Li-
brary's continuing effort to provide information and
foster communications about clearinghouses within
the Agency. The citations and abstracts are organized
by the following clearinghouse topics: Clearinghouse
Studies; Databases: Organization and Design; Refer-
ence Services and Hotlines; Outreach; and Case Stud-
ies.
Keywords: "Bibliographies, 'Information centers, 'Li-
braries, Documents, Design, Systems analysis, Stand-
ards, 'Environmental Protection Agency, "Clearing-
houses, "Technology transfer, Data Eases, Case stud-
PB89-165922/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Evaluation of Asbestos Levels In Two Schools
Before and After Asbestos Removal. Final repL
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.	1
M. A. Karaffa, J. Chesson, and J. Russell. Mar 89 asn
EPA/600/2-89/010	' ^
Contract EPA-68-03-4006
Prepared in cooperation with Price Associates, Wash-
ington, DC. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering
The report presents a statistical evaluation of airborne
asbestos data collected at two schools beforeand
after removal of asbestos-containing material (ACM)
Although the monitoring data are not totally consistent
with new Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
(AHERA) requirements and recent EPA guidelines, the
study evaluates these historical data by standard sta-
tistical methods to determine if abated work areas
meet proposed clearance criteria. The objectives of
this statistical analysis were to compare (1) airborne
asbestos levels indoors after removal with levels out-
doors, (2) airborne asbestos levels before and after re-
moval of asbestos, and (3) static sampling and aggres-
sive sampling of airborne asbestos. The results of this
evaluation indicated the following: The effect of asbes-
tos removal on indoor air quality is unpredictable; the
variability In fiber concentrations among different sam-
pling sites within the same building indicates the need
to treat different sites as separate areas for the pur-
pose of clearance; and aggressive sampling is appro-
priate for clearance testing because it captures more
entrainable asbestos structures. Aggressive sampling
lowers the chance of declaring a worksite clean when
entrainable asbestos is still present.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'School buildings, 'Air pollu-
tion, 'Statistical analysis, Concentration(Composition),
Sites, Sampling, Experimental design, Tables(Data),
Regulations, Comparison, Removal, Risk, 'Indoor air
pollution, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Air quality, Asbes-
tos Hazard Emergency Response Act.
PBM-165930/HSU
PC A03/MF A01
Climatology ol Temperature and Precipitation
Variability in the United States. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
B K. Eder, L. E. Truppi, and P. L. Finkelstein. Mar 89,
47p EPA/600/3-89/025
The paper examines the seasonal and annual variance
and standardized range for temperature and the sea-
sonal and annual coefficient of variation and normal-
ized standardized range for precipitation, on a climatic
division level for the contiguous United States for the
period 1895 to 1985. Examination of the temperature
variance reveals a continentality phenomenon in
which the largest variances occur in the upper midwest
section of the country, while the smallest variances are
generally found in coastal regions along the west
coast, the Gulf coast and southeastern states. Exami-
nation of the coefficient of variation for precipitation
depicts a propensity for the largest seasonal and
annual variation to occur over the southwestern states
from Texas to California.
Keywords: 'Climatology, 'Variability, 'United States,
Atmospheric temperature, Coefficient of variation,
Seasonal variations, Periodic variations,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Temperature gradients,
Coasts. Southwestern Region(United States), Great
Lakes Region(United States).
PBS9-166948/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC- Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Annual Report on Establishment and Operation of
ths Eastern Fine Particle and Visibility Network,
C-E Environmental, Inc., Chapel Hill, NC.
A. Handler, L. Collins, and J. Howes. Mar 89,67p EPA/
600/3-89/026
Contract EPA-68-02-4535
See also PB87-180055. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Lab.
The Eastern Fine Particle and Visibility Monitoring Net-
work (EFPVN) was established to obtain long-term, re-
nlonaily-scaled measurements of visibility and related
Hne particle characteristics throughout the eastern
u S, The overall goal of the EFPVN is to provide data
•trough which a quantitative assessment can be made
regarding trends and causes of visibility impairment in
the East This goal will be achieved through continu-
ous monitoring of atmospheric light scattering coeffi-
cient, 24-hour integrated measurements of fine parti-
cle mass, elemental composition and optical absorp-
tion coefficient, and photographic measurements of
visual range taken three times each day. The program
is expected to run for five years. During the first year of
the EFPVN, five monitoring stations were established.
Three of the stations are located in the southeastern
U S where airport observations Indicate as much as
60 percent reduction In visual range during the past
forty years. The remaining stations are located in the
Northeast, where long-term trends are less evident.
Data collected and processed through July 1988 are
summarized.
Keywords: 'Haze, 'Monitoring, 'Air pollution, Parti-
cles, Visibility, Optical properties, Nephelometers, Aer-
osols, Trends, Light scattering, Photography, Eastern
Region(United States).
PB89-166359/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Use of Industrial Hygiene Samplers for Soli-Gas
Measurement,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
H. B. Kerfoot, and C. L. Mayer. Mar 89,36p EPA/600/
4-89/008
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The report describes a field evaluation of a passive-
sampling technique for soil-gas surveying. The system
uses a sampler, consisting of an industrial hygiene or-
ganic vapor monitor inside a metal sampling manifold,
uried at a depth of approximately 0.3 meters (1 foot).
An absorbent sampler Is buried at a shallow depth and
allowed to collect VOCs from the soil atmosphere.
After a set time (8 hours to several weeks), the sam-
pler is retrieved, sealed immediately, and transported
to a laboratory for analysis. Analysis results indicate
the identity and concentration of VOCs collected by
the sampler. The main advantage of passive sampling
lies in the simplicity of field operations, that is, field
support (supplies, personnel, and equipment) is much
less costly than for grab sampling, and equipment
problems are virtually non-existent. The disadvantages
associated with passive sampling are that results are
not available for days to weeks and that deep sampling
is difficult without more elaborate equipment.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Gas sampling, 'Sam-
plers, Site surveys, Field tests, Ground water, Diffu-
sion, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Hazard-
ous matenals, Leaching, Leakage, Electrolytes, Under-
ground storage, Solid waste disposal, 'Volatile organic
compounds, 'Land pollution, 'Soil gases, Environ-
mental transport, Environmental monitoring.
PB69-166375/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Unfinished Business In New England: A Compara-
tive Assessment of Environmental Problems.
Overview Report. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Boston, MA.
Region I.
Dec 88.64p EPA/901 /7-89/001
See also PB89-166383.
The report presents the results of a study conducted
by EPA in New England that examined 24 environmen-
tal problems and assessed the level of residual risk
posed by each problem to human health and to eco-
systems. Residual risk is defined as the risk posed by a
problem, given current levels of control. Tne authors
also estimated the management tools that are current-
ly available to address the highest risk problem areas.
The report summarizes the methodology that was
used to conduct these analyses, the findings of the
study and lessons learned. Tne three problems posing
the most serious residual risk for human health are
ozone, radon and lead. The problems posing the most
serious ecological risks are air pollution (primarily
ozone), acid rain, loss of wetlands and habitat, all dis-
charges to surface water and accidental releases.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pollution, 'Ecol-
ogy, Risk, Assessments, Evaluation, Air pollution,
Public health, Ozone, Radon, Lead(Metal), Surface
waters, Exposure, Toxicity, Methodology, 'New Eng-
land, Priorities, Lessons learned, Wetlands.
PB89-166383/H8U
PC A07/MF A01
Unfinished Business In New England: A Compara-
tive Aeseeement of Environmental Problems.
Public Health Risk Work Group Report Final rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Boston, MA.
Region I.
Dec 88,134p EPA/901 /7-89/0O2
See also PB89-166375.
The report presents the results of a study undertaken
by EPA In New England that examined 24 environmen-
tal problems and assessed the level of residual risk
posed by each problem to human health. Using the
methodological framework of risk assessment the
public health work group developed estimates of resid-
ual risk for individuals and populations for each of the
problem areas. Residual risk is defined as the risk
posed by a problem, given current levels of control.
Analyses for cancer risk and non-cancer risk were de-
veloped independently and then combined at the end
of the study to produce a single ranking.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pollution, 'Public
health, Risk, Evaluation, Assessments, Air pollution,
Toxicity, Malignant neoplasms, Respiration, Ranking,
Allergic diseases, Kidney, Exposure, Radon, 'New
England, Nonpoint sources.
PB89-166391/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Unfinished Business in New England: A Compara-
tive Assessment of Environmental Problems. Eco-
logical Risk Work Group Report. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Boston, MA.
Region I.
Dec 88,115p EPA/901 /7-89/003
See also PB89-166383.
The report presents the results of a study undertaken
by EPA in New England that examined 24 environmen-
tal problems to determine which areas present the
greatest residual ecological risk. The analyses con-
ducted by the ecological risk work group compared the
stressors associated with each problem area with
eight different ecosystems found in New England. The
work group found the problems posing the most seri-
ous ecological risks are air pollution (particularly
ozone), acid rain, loss of wetlands and habitat, all dis-
charges to surface water, and accidental releases.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pollution, 'Ecol-
ogy, Methodology, Risk, Assessments, Ozone, Air pol-
lution, Surface waters, Runoff, Agriculture, Lakes,
Losses, Accidents, Comparison, Exposure, 'New Eng-
land, Acid rain, Wetlands.
PB89-166581/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Treatability Potential for EPA (Environmental Pro-
tection Agency) Listed Hazardous Wastes in Soil.
Final rept. Sep 85-Feb 89,
Texas Univ. at Austin. Dept. of Environmental Engi-
neering.
R. C. Loehr. Mar 89,134p EPA/600/2-89/011
Grant EPA-R-812819
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada. OK.
The study developed comprehensive screening data
on the treatability in soil of: (a) specific listed hazard-
ous organic chemicals; and (b) waste sludge from ex-
plosives production (K044) and related chemicals.
Laboratory experiments were conducted using two soil
types, an acidic soil, and a slightly basic sandy loam
soil. The experiments were developed to evaluate: (a)
the relative toxicity of the chemicals and waste using
the MICROTOX bioassay method; (b) the degradation
potential of the chemicals and waste in the soils; (c)
the adsorption characteristics of the chemicals in the
two soils; and (d) the toxicity reduction that occurred
during degradation.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Organic com-
pounds, 'Soils, 'Water pollution, Degradation, Separa-
tion, Mathematical models, Estimates, control, Vadose
water, Oil pollution, 'Land pollution, 'Chemical spills,
Soil water movement, 'Oil spills.
PB89-1665M/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Proceedings of the Research Planning Confer-
ence on Human Activity Patterns,
Nevada Univ., Las Vegas. Environmental Research
Center.
T. H. Starks. Jan 89,298p* EPA/600/4-89/004
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The study of human activity patterns was initially an
area of interest in the field of sociology, but recently it
has become important to people Investigating the
amount and extent of exposure of human populations
to hazardous chemicals. The report presents the pro-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ceedings of a conference held to compare various
methods of studying human activity patterns, and to
determine where additional research is needed to de-
velop methods for collecting reliable human activity
patterns data pertinent to the determination of expo-
sure rates.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Hazardous materials, 'Re-
search management, "Project planning, 'Human be-
havior, Sociology, Exposure, Radiation dosage, Dose
rate, Irradiation, Radiation tolerance.
PB89-166607/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Assessment of the Potential tor Transport of
Oloxlns and Codlsposed Material* to Groundwat-
er. Rept. for 26 Dec 86-25 Jan 88,
Maryland Univ., College Park. Dept. of Civil Engineer-
ing.
R. W. Walters, Z. Yousefi, A. L. Tarleton, S. A.
Ostazeski, and D. C. Barry. Mar 89,114p EPA/600/6-
89/002
Grant EPA-R-813601
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
Dioxins are very toxic contaminants and warrant study
under a variety of experimental conditions. Studies
were performed to evaluate the mobility of several of
the dioxins in both soil columns as well as in batch ex-
periments. The studies showed that the amount of
chlorination did not necessarily control the partitioning
of the dioxins, as expected, but also suggested that
the structure or location where the CI ion was attached
to the benzene ring modified the hydrophobicity of the
compound. Studies were performed with a variety of
cosolvents which might mediate the movement of the
dioxin. The observed modification in mobility was con-
sistent with existing theory for enhanced mobility with
truly miscible solvents. Experimental data appears to
show reversibility in the sorption process, but signifi-
cantly limited by kinetics with 30 to 50 days required to
release 50-80% of the contaminant.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Soil surveys, 'Waste dis-
posal, 'Water pollution, Assessments, Experimental
design, Transport properties, Solubility, Sorption, De-
sorption, Reaction kinetics, Molecular structure, Sol-
vents, 'Environmental transport, 'Dioxins, Polychlori-
nated dibenzodioxins.
PB89-166815/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
tnwonmenta1 Protection Agency, Research Triangle
ParK, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Proceedings: Advances In Particle Sampling and
Measurement. Held In Daytona Beach, Florida in
October 1961,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
W. B. Smith, and A. D. Williamson. Feb 89,404p*
EPA/600/9-89/004
Contract EPA-68-02-3118
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The proceedings consist of reports of research on
equipment and techniques for sampling and character-
izing particulate emissions from industrial sources
(e.g., nickel smelters and a power plant burning low-
sulfur coat) and other aerosols (e.g., uranium oxide in
high-energy environments, the launch exhaust of the
NASA shuttle). Equipment included samplers de-
signed for: collection of particles in the Inhalable size
range; collection of samples for wave-dispersive x-ray
fluorescence; condensation and collection of vapors
by dilution; and isokinetic sampling by gas recircula-
tion. Other equipment included piezoelectric microba-
lances for monrtoring mass emissions, a velocimeter
for measuring aerodynamic particle sizes, a remote
passive opacity meter, and an optical particle counter
using coherent detection of phase-shifted light. Tech-
niques included methods for impactor data reduction
and prediction of sampler collection efficiency, and
comparisons of methods: the EPA source assessment
sampling system vs a dilution tunnel for collecting
combustion emissions containing organic matter, non-
intrusive optical probes vs extractive probes for meas-
uring soot from a swirl-stabilized oombustor, plume
opacity vs mass concentration, and particle-sizing
methods for measuring collection efficiency of fabric
filters.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Samplers, 'Aerosols, 'Parti-
cles, 'Industrial wastes, Design criteria,
Concentration(Composition), Particle size, Perform-
ance evaluation, Comparison, Optical measuring in-
struments, Collecting methods, X ray flourescence,
Dust, Air pollution control, Assessments, Combustion
products, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Particulate sam-
pling, 'Air samplers, Environmental monitoring.
PB89-166623/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
N20 Field Study. Final rept.,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC. Southeast
Regional Office.
R. Clayton, A. Sykes, R, Machilek, K. Krebs, and J.
Ryan. Feb 89,90p EPA/600/2-89/006
Contract EPA-68-02-4285
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of measurements of nitrous
oxide(NZO) emissions from coal-fired utility boilers at
three electric power generating stations. Continuous
emissions monitor measurements were made for nitro-
gen oxide (NO), 02, C02, and CO. On-line N20 meas-
urements were made using a gas chromatograph (GC)
with electron capture detection. On-line S02 levels
were measured on one unit using a GC with flame pho-
tometric detection. Stainless steel (SS) sample con-
tainers were used to collect flue gas samples for the
evaluation of N20 formation as a function of time in
the presence of NO, S02, and water. The N20 on-line
results were in the range from 'not detectable' to 4.6
ppm. The results did not exhibit apparent differences
related to different boiler types and load conditions.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxide(N20), 'Gas analysis, 'In-
dustrial wastes, Combustion products, Field tests,
Sampling,	Chemical	analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Continuous sampling,
Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide, Gas chromatogra-
phy, Flame photometry, Sites, Nitrogen oxide(NO)
Oxygen, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Air pollution detec
tion, 'Coal fired power plants, Electron-capture detec
tors, Stationary sources.
PB89-166631/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Advanced Utility Simulation Model, Program Doc-
umentation. State Level Model (Version 1.0). Final
rept. Sep 80-Aug 85,
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Coll. of Engineer-
ing.
J. J. Stukel. Jan 89,615p* EPA/600/8-88/071 B
See also PB89-161772.Portions of this document are
not fully legible. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report is one of 11 in a series describing the initial
development of the Advanced Utility Simulation Model
(AUSM). The AUSM is one of four stationary source
emission and control cost forecasting models devel-
oped by EPA for the National Acid Precipitation As-
sessment Program (NAPAP). The AUSM projects air
pollution emissions (S02 and NOx), generating tech-
nology types and costs of operation, and combinations
of fuels and emission control technologies to simulta-
neously meet electric demand and emission con-
straints on a least cost basis for each year through
2010. Thirteen electric demand regions are simulated,
and output is provided for each of the 48 states. The
initial version of AUSM, designated Version 1.0, was
delivered in November 1984 and August 1985. Further
development of the AUSM between 1985 and 1988
has resulted in the development of Versions 2.0 and
3.0. Reports describing these revisions to the initial
Version 1.0 of AUSM are also part of this series.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Cost analysis,
'Mathematical models, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Nitrogen
oxides, Forecasting, Economic forecasting, Operating
costs, Electrical power demand, State government,
'Advanced Utility Simulation Model, 'Stationary
sources, 'Air pollution economics.
PB89-166849/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Advanced Utility Simulation Model, Report of Sen-
sitivity Testing, Calibration, and Model Output
Comparisons (Version 3.0). Final rept. Dec 87-May
88,
Science Applications International Corp., McLean, VA.
R. L. Capone, R. T. Lassinger, E. May, and C. J.
Peterson. Jan 89,193p* EPA/600/8-88/071 K
Contract EPA-68-02-4227
See also PB89-166631. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report gives results of activities relating to the Ad-
vanced Utility Simulation Model (AUSM): sensitivity
testing, comparison with a mature electric utility model,
and calibration to historical emissions. The activities
were aimed at demonstrating AUSM's validity over
input variable ranges likely to be used for application
runs. Univariate sensitivity tests demonstrated that
AUSM runs and returns credible results for Input
ranges expected during model application and ad-
dressed issues raised by reviewers. AUSM was com-
pared with Coal and Electric Utilities Model (CEUM) tar
EPA's 1987 interim base case to compare results and
analyze reasons for differences between the output of
the two models for 1990 through 2010. Experiments
for 1980 through 1985 found ways to calibrate the
model to historical emissions without resorting to scal-
ing or ad hoc methods. All three activities resulted in
increased confidence in AUSM for several reasons:
AUSM worked well over a wide range of values; sensi-
tivity tests and normal model inputs span such a wide
range of possible values that the model will dearly
work for any expectable set of inputs; outputs changed
in directions and by magnitudes which were consistent
with input changes and with analysts' understanding of
electric utilities; and all outputs form a consistent set of
results.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Mathematical
models, 'Cost analysis, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Nitrogen
oxides, Comparison, Calibrating, Performance evalua-
tion, Electric utilities, Electric power demand, Fore-
casting, Fuel consumption, State government
Graphs(Charts), 'Advanced Utility Simulation Model,
'Stationary sources, 'Air pollution economics, Coal
and Electric Utilities Model.
PB89-188797/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1M7.
Volume 6: Southwestern Illinois Region,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
M. E. Clement, and S. E. Andres. Nov 88,89p IEPA/
WPC/88-016F
See also Volume 5, PB89-127708. Prepared in coop-
eration with Southwestern Illinois Metropolitan and Re-
gional Planning Commission, Collinsville.
The report summaries Volunteer Lake Monitoring Pro-
gram data for 9 lakes in the Southwestern Illinois
Region (Madison, St. Clair, Monroe, Washington, Clin-
ton, Randolph and Bond Counties). A statewide sum-
mary (Hawes, 1988) is also available for the 134 lakes
monitored for four or more periods in 1987. Section 2
of the report provides a summary of 1987 regional re-
sults, discussion of lake characteristics, volunteer par-
ticipation, ranking of lakes on a regional basis and
comparison to statewide statistics. Lake assessment
information Irom the Illinois Water Quality Report,
1986-1987 is provided. Regional transparency trends
from 1981 to 1987 are presented and analyzed, and
regional problems, causes, patterns and management
strategies are discussed. Section 3 contains individual
lake summaries for those VLMP lakes that were moni-
tored for nine or more periods during the 1987 season.
For each lake, transparency and field observations
aorftoother lakes, spatial and seasomTvariator^re^
latlonship to lake use, and relationship to prior data
collection efforts. Management strategies/recommen-
dations are also provided for each lake.
Keywords; 'Monitoring, 'Lakes, 'Illinois, 'Water pollu-
tion, Citizen participation, Watersheds, Depth, Obser-
vations, Field tests, Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts).
Volunteers, Southwestern Regton(lllinois).
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB8S-167225/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Unfinished Business in New England: A Compara-
tive Assessment of Environmental Problem*. Risk
Management Work Group Report. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Boston, MA.
Region I.
Dec 68, 96p EPA/901 /7-89/004
See also PB89-166375.
The report presents the results of a study undertaken
by EPA in New England that examined 24 environmen-
tal problems. The risk management work group identi-
fied and evaluated (actors that should be considered
by EPA management in developing and implementing
strategies to reduce risks associated with these prob-
lem areas. The risk management factors that were
evaluated were public perception, available resources,
economic impact, legal authority, and effective tech-
nology. Each problem was ranked for each manage-
ment factor based on the ease or difficulty in managing
that specific problem.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Pollution, 'Ecol-
ogy, Management, Risk, Air pollution, Hazardous ma-
terials, Surface waters, Industrial wastes, Water pollu-
tion, Agriculture, Ground water, Ranking, Lakes, Eval-
uation, Perception, Economic impact, Public law, 'New
England.
PB80-167480/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Proceedings: The 1988 Symposium on Radon and
Radon Reduction Technology. Volume 1. Symposi-
RoJianCorP', Research Triangle Park, NC. Progress
Center.
M. C. Osborne, and J. Harrison. Mar 89,744p* EPA/
0OO/9-89/OO6A
Contract EPA-68-02-4286
Sea also PB89-167498. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
arid Energy Engineering Research Lib.
The two-volume proceedings document the 1988
Symposium on Radon and Radon Reduction Technol-
' .	amnaAraW Kw CDA'e Air am/4 Cnamu CnAi
RscU&m-
17-21.1988. The objective'of the symposium was the
exchange of technical information on radon and radon
reduction technologies in the indoor environment. Oral
papers and poster presentations describing recent ad-
vances in radon research and radon reduction meth-
ods provided a pertinent forum for consideration of:
regulatory agency activities In radon, radon health
studies, radon surveys, radon measurement methods,
soil/geology and source potential, house dynamics,
and radon diagnostics. Volume 1 consists of 52 oral
papers, and Volume 2 summarizes 35 poster presenta-
tion*
Kaywords: 'Meetings, 'Radon, 'Air pollution control,
'Water pollution, 'Environmental surveys, Regula-
tions, Houses, Schools, Residential buildings,
Sources, Soil analysis, Geology, Sampling,
Concentration(Composltlon), Exposure, State govern-
ment National government, Diagnosis, 'Indoor air pol-
lugon, Pollution regulations, Environmental health, En-
vironmental monitoring.
BM9-167498/H8U	PC A21/MF A01
environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park. NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Piuoasrtlnnr The 1988 Symposium on Radon and
Radon Reduction Technology. Volume 2. Sympo-
gliiif) Potttf Piptrii
flatten Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC. Progress
SfejDsborne, and J. Harrison. Mar 89,476p* EPA/
0OO/9-89/OO6B
Contract EPA-68-02-4286
Saa also PB89-167480. Sponsored by Environmental
pjeteetion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Dm two-volume proceedings document the 1988
Affnooskim on Radon and Radon Reduction Technol-
aom icilritlY sponsored by EPA's Air and Energy Engl-
SS&foReaearch Laboratory (AEERL) and Office of
> Research Laboratory (AEERL) i
Programs (ORP), In Denver, CO, October
yToT 1968. Th« objective of the symposium was the
ILghange of technical information on radon and radon
JaSueVon technologies in the Indoor environment. Oral
papers and poster presentations describing recent ad-
vances in radon research and radon reduction meth-
ods provided a pertinent forum for consideration of:
regulatory agency activities in radon, radon health
studies, radon surveys, radon measurement methods,
soil/geology and source potential, house dynamics,
and radon diagnostics. Volume 1 consists of 52 oral
papers, and Volume 2 summarizes 35 poster presenta-
tions.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Radon, 'Air pollution control,
'Water pollution, ^Environmental surveys, Regula-
tions, Houses, Schools, Residential buildings,
Sources, Soil analysis, Geology, Sampling,
Concentration(Composition), Exposure, State govern-
ment, National government, Diagnosis, 'Indoor air pol-
lution, Pollution regulations, Environmental health, En-
vironmental monitoring.
PB89-167506/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Magnetic
Media Submission Instructions. Section 313 of the
Emergency Planning and Community Rlght-to-
Know Act (Revision).
ICF, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
Jan 89,25p* EPA/560/7-88/003
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Toxic Substances.
The document provides basic specifications for the
use of magnetic media to submit EPA Form R reports
required by Section 313 of the Emergency Planning
and Community Right-to-Know Act (Title III ot the Su-
perfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of
1986), Public Law 99-499. The specifications and re-
quirements presented in the document supplement to
the reporting requirements presented in the Section
313 final rule (40 CFR Part 372). Submission of mag-
netic media reports does not relieve the submitter from
any of the regulatory requirements of the Section 313
final rule.
Keywords: 'Magnetic tapes, 'Magnetic storage,
'Chemical compounds, 'Technical writing, 'Informa-
tion systems, Specifications, Reporting, Instructions,
Inventories, 'Superfund Amendments and Reauthor-
ization Act of 1986, 'Toxic substances, Superfund
project.
PB89-167514/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 191: Metaldehyde.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
23 Dec 88,5p EPA/540/FS-89/029
See also PB89-161996.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency^ regulator position and rationale, on
metaldehyde. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred: issuance or reissuance
of a registration standard; issuance of each special
review document; registration of a significantly
changed use pattern; registration of a new chemical;
an immediate need for information to resolve contro-
versial issues relating to a specific chemical or use pat-
tern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Molluscacides, Hazardous
materials, Chemical properties. Regulations, Toxicol-
ogy, Ecology, Agricultural products, Octanes, Hydro-
carbons, 'Toxic substances, 'Metaldehyde, Path of
pollutants, Chemical information fact sheet, Use pat-
terns, CAS 108-82-3, CAS 9002-91-9.
PB89-1678S4/HSU •	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Office of Research and Development.
Technology Evaluation Report SITE (Superfund
Innovative Technology Evaluation) Program Dem-
onstration Test The American Combustion Pyre-
tron Thermal Destruction System at the U.S.
EPA's (Environmental Protection Agency's) Com-
bustion Reaearch Faculty.
Acurex Corp., Jefferson, AR.
L. Waterland, and J. W. Lee. Apr 89,248p EPA/540/5-
80/008
Contract EPA-68-03-3267
Sponsored bv Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Office of Research and Development.
A series of demonstration tests of the American Com-
bustion, Inc., Thermal Destruction System was per-
formed under the SITE program. This oxygen-en-
hanced combustion system was retrofit to the rotary
kiln incinerator at EPA's Combustion Research Facili-
ty. The system's performance was tested firing con-
taminated soil from the Stringfellow Superfund Site,
both alone and mixed with a coal tar waste (K087).
Comparative performance with conventional incinera-
tor operation was also tested. Compliance with the in-
cinerator performance standards of 99.99% principal
organic hazardous constituents (POHC) destruction
and removal efficiency and particulate emissions of
less than 180 mg/dscm at 7% 02 was measured for
all tests. The Pyretron system was capable of in-com-
pliance performance at double the mixed waste fee-
drate and at a 60% increase in batch waste charge
mass than possible with conventional incineration.
Scrubber biowdown and kiln ash contained no detect-
able levels of any of the POHCs chosen.
Keywords: 'Soils, 'Incinerators, 'Waste disposal,
'Hazardous materials, 'Kilns, Coal tar, Performance
evaluation, Contaminants, Design criteria, Air pollution
control equipment, Research management. Mixing,
Quality assurance, Concentration(Composition),
Scrubbers, 'Superfund program, 'Land pollution, 'Re-
medial action, Air pollution sampling, Environmental
research.
PB89-187902/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Technology Evaluation Report: SITE (Superfund
Innovative Technology Evaluation) Program Dem-
onstration Test Shlrco Pilot-Scale Infrared Incin-
eration Syatsm at the Rosa Township Demode
Road Superfund Site. Volume 1. Final rept
Enviresponse, Inc., Livingston, NJ.
S. Rosenthal. Apr 89,125p EPA/540/5-89/007A
Contract EPA-68-03-3255
See also Volume 2, PB89-167910. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Re-
duction Engineering Lab.
A Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE)
Program demonstrated the Shirco Infrared System
(pilot plant) for thermally proceasing PCB waste at
Rose Township, Michigan. The process was evaluated
by the U.S. EPA and is reported in Volume I of the
report. Results reported in Volume I indicated that PCB
was removed from the feed material with a DRE great-
er than 99.99%. The destructive ratio (percent of PCB
in the ash compared to feed) was greater than 83% re-
sulting in a less than 1 ppm concentration in the ash.
Particulate emissions, products of incomplete oom-
bustion (PICs) and acid gas emissions were below any
standards. Metals in the ash leached by the TCLP and
EP Tox. were below suggested standards.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Incineration, 'infrared
radiation, 'Hazardous materials, 'Site surveys, 'Indus-
trial wastes, 'Storage tanks. Pilot plants, Environmen-
tal surveys, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
Sampling, Air pollution, Leakage, 'Superfund program,
'Remedial action, 'Polychlonnated blphenyls, 'Rose
Townshlp(Michigan), Heavy metals, Environmental
transport, Land pollution.
PB89-167910/HSU	PC A26/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Technology Evaluation Report SITE (Superfund
Innovative Technology Evaluation) Program Dem-
onstration Test Shlrco Pilot-Scale Infrared Incin-
eration System at the Rose Township Demode
Road Superfund Site. Volume 2. Final rept
Enviresponse, Inc., Livingston, NJ.
S. Rosenthal. Apr 89, S99p EPA/540/5-89/007B
Contract EPA-68-03-3255
See also Volume 1, PB89-167902. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati. OH. Rnk Re-
duction Engineering Lab.
The performance of the Shlrco pilot-scale infrared
thermal destruction system has been evaluated at the
Rose Township, Demode Road Superfund Site and is
presented in the report. The waste tested consisted of
solvents, organics and heavy metals In an illegal dump
site. Volume II is the test program, copies of the origi-
nal operating data, sampling analysis report and qual-
ity assurance plan.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Incineration, 'Infrared
radiation, 'Hazardous materials, 'Site surveys, 'Indus-
trial wastes, 'Storage tanks, Pilot plants, Environmen-
tal surveys, Performance evaluation, Air pollution, Sub-
stitutes, Leakage, Concentration(Composition), Qual-
ity assurance, "Superfund program, 'Remedial action,
"Polychlorinated	bipnenyls,	'Rose
Township(Michigan), Heavy metals, Land pollution,
Environmental transport.
PB89-167951/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Contract Compliance Screening System (CCSS)
Software (or the PC (Personal Computer) (Version
4/89) User Manual.
Viar and Co., Alexandria, VA.
Apr 89,142p* EPA/SW/DK-89/034A
Contract EPA-68-01 -7253
For system on diskette, see PB89-944900. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
The document is the user manual for Contract Compli-
ance Screening System (CCSS) software. CCSS soft-
ware is a version of a mainframe-based application de-
veloped for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agen-
cy's National Contract Laboratory Program (CLP).
CCSS is designed to automate the determination of
contractual compliance and completeness of data
submitted to the EPA under the Routine Analytical
Services (RAS) programs of CERCLA (Comprehensive
Emergency Response Clean-up and Liability Act) and
SARA (Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization
Act). In order to remain consistent with the mainframe
system the PC version of CCSS is written in SAS and
requires that SAS/PC be installed on the host PC. It
will load analytical data from diskettes into SAS file
format, perform technical edits on the data, produce
technical defect and summary reports, and reproduce
forms which contain defects. In addition, CCSS in-
cludes software to detect critical structural defects in
the data format to assist in identifying these for correc-
tion prior to performing technical edits.
Keywords: 'Contract administration, Contracts, Man-
agement, Documentation, "Compliance, US EPA,
User manuals(Computer programs), Comprehensive
Emergency Response Clean-up and Liability Act, Su-
perfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act.
PB89-187969/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Guidance Document for Providing Alternate
Water Supplies.
CDM Federal Programs Corp., Annandale, VA.
Feb 88,65p EPA/540/G-87/006,, OSWER
Dl R ECTI VE-9355.3-03
Contract EPA-68-01 -6939
See also PB85-238616. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Emer-
gency and Remedial Response.
The document serves as EPA guidance for providing
information when it becomes necessary to develop or
obtain alternate water supplies where releases of haz-
ardous substances or pollutants have resulted in the
closing of drinking water wells or has contaminated a
principal drinking water supply. The information was
prepared to assist Superfund contractors and on-
scene Federal, State, and local officials with the plan-
ning and implementation of alternate water supplies at
uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. Guidance is spe-
cifically provided for those sites that do not require a
time-critical removal action, but do require provision of
an alternate water supply as either a non-time-critical
removal actions of 6 months or more or a remedial
action before implementation of a final remedy can be
achieved (actions performed at National Priority List
sites where short-term threats to the human popula-
tion exist). These remedial actions are used to provide
faster response than can be achieved with normal re-
medial actions. The decision-making process used in
the document discusses the determination of water
supply needs, screening and evaluating alternatives,
and implementing the remedy.
Keywords: "Guidelines, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste
disposal, Water pollution control, Inspection, Public
health, Sampling, Sites, Decision making, Water
supply, Law enforcement, Feasibility, National govern-
ment, 'Superfund program, 'Land disposal, Water
demand, Alternative planning.
PB89-187985/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Community Relations Program: A
Guide to Effective Presentations with Visual Aide.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Jun 88, 78p EPA/540/G-89/001
The guide is designed to assist Superfund community
relations personnel and their contractors in preparing
presentations to enhance public understanding and
encourage informed participation in the cleanup proc-
ess. It specifically addresses the selection and devel-
opment of effective visual aids which are best suited to
presenting complex technical materials clearly and
concisely to increase the understanding of the non-
technical public.
Keywords: 'Community relations, Visual aids, Draw-
ings, Graphs(Charts), Communications management,
'Superfund program, 'Remedial action, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB89-1S8843/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Common Synonyms: For Chemicals Listed Under
Section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Com-
munity Right to Know Act
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Dec 88, 53p* EPA/560/4-89/004
The glossary contains chemical names and their syno-
nyms for substances covered by the reporting require-
ments of SARA Title III, Section 313. The glossary was
developed to aid in determining whether a facility man-
ufactures, processes, or uses a chemical subject to
section 313 reporting. These synonyms are available
to the EPA through tne public literature, primarily CAS
online.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Dictionaries, Envi-
ronmental surveys, Pollution, 'Toxic substances,
'Synonyms, Listings, CAS numbers, Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act.
PB89-168884/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Carbofuran: Technical Support Document. Special
Review.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jan 89,248p* EPA/540/9-89/027
See also PB87-186771.
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Ajjency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause reasonable adverse effects
on the environment.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Hazardous materials,
'Birds, 'Environmental surveys, Carbamates, Pesti-
cides, Regulations, Assessments, Toxicology, Expo-
sure, Risk, Field tests, Substitutes, Farm crops,
Ground water, Animal ecology, Public health. Reviews,
'Carbofuran, 'Environmental health, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Carbamic acid/((dihydro-dimethyl)-benzofur-
anyl-ester)-methyl, Path of pollutants.
PB89-169171/HSU	PC AOS
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Rockville, MD. Office of Sea Grant and Extramural Pro-
grams.
Persistent Marine Debris, Challenge and Re-
sponse: The Federal Perspective.
Alaska Sea Grant Coll. Program, Fairbanks.
1988,50p
Grant NA88AA-D-SG041
See also PB89-109938.Color illustrations reproduced
in black and white. Sponsored by National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, Rockville, MD. Office
of Sea Grant and Extramural Programs.
Information in the publication is drawn from the 1988
Report of the Interagency Task Force on persistent
Marine Debris. The subject areas included in the report
are: scope of the problem; sources of marine debris;
effects on wildlife and humans and what measures are
being done to prevent the problem.
Keywords: 'Debris, 'Water pollution, 'Coasts, Mexico
Gulf, Plastics, Hazardous materials. Cleaning, Atlantic
Ocean, Alaska Gulf, Pacific Ocean.
PB89-169205/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Bioremediatlon of Hazardous Waste Sites Work-
shop: Speaker Slide Copies and Supporting Infor-
mation.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
Feb 89,215p CER1-89-11
Also available from Supt. of Docb.
Contents: Basic Requirements for Implementing Bio-
logical, Systems to Remediate Hazardous Wastes; Ini-
tial Data Requirements; Example Site for Bioremedia-
tion; Reactor Design; In Situ Design.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Meetings, 'Biologi-
cal agents, 'Biodeterioration, 'Waste disposal,
Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data), Aerobic processes, An-
aerobic processes, Organic compounds, Sites, Soil
analysis, Leaching, Physiology, Biochemistry, Water
pollution, Chemical analysis, Path of pollutants, 'Re-
medial actions, 'Superfund.
PB89-169825/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Ambient Water Quality Criteria for 2, 3, 7, 8 - Te-
trachlorodlbenzo-p-dloxin,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
C. E. Stephen. Feb 84, 291 p EPA/440/5-84/00?
Pursuant to section 304(a)(1) of the Clean Water Act,
the document was developed to publish criteria for
water quality accurately reflecting the latest scientific
knowledge. A summary of the criteria for 2,3,7,8-te-
trachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is as follows. Not
enough data are available concerning the effects of
2,3,7,8-TCDD on aquatic life and its uses to allow deri-
vation of national criteria. For the maximum protection
of human health from the potential carcinogenic ef-
fects due to exposure to 2,3,7,8-TCDD through inges-
tion of contaminated water and contaminated aquatic
organisms, the ambient water concentration should be
zero based on the non-threshold assumption for this
chemical. However, zero level may not be attainable at
the present time. Other concentrations representing
different risk levels may be calculated. The risk esti-
mate range is presented for information purposes and
does not represent an Agency judgment on an 'ac-
ceptable' risk level.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Standards, 'Aquatic biol-
ogy, Chlorine organic compounds, Chemical proper-
ties, Toxicology, Public health, Aquatic animals, Malig-
nant neoplasms, Sampling, Sites, Exposure, Guide-
lines, Dosage, Laboratory animals, In vitro analysis.
'Dibenzodioxin/tetrachloro, 'Pollution regulations!
'Ecosystems, Dioxins, CAS 1746-01-8, Water polK^
tion effects(Humans), Water pollution
effects(Animals), Clean Water Act, Water pollution
sampling. Risk assessment, Maximum permissible ex-
posure, Pharmacokinetics.
PB89-169833/H8U	PC A04/MF Ml
National Performance Audit Program: Ambient Air
Audits of Analytical Proficiency, 1987,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trianale
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
B. F. Parr, R. L. Lampe, E. T. Hunike, and W. J.
Mitchell. Jan 89,53p EPA/600/3-89/006
See also PB88-161542.
The report presents the results of the U.S. Environ,
mental Protection Agency's 1987 National Ambient Air
Audit Program by pollutant and by analytical method.
Semiannual audits were conducted for CO, Pb NOa
and S04 (filter strips) and acid rain, and an annual
audit was conducted for particulate sampler flow rats.
Continuous S02 monitors were audited throughout the
year such that no monitor was audited more than
once. Approximately 45 laboratories participated In
each semiannual acid rain audit and in each N03 and
S04 audit and approximately 90 laboratories partici.
pated in each Pb audit. Five hundred and ninetv-fhm
CO monitors, 262 S02 monitors, and 1333 hinh
volume flow samplers were also audited. The reauR*
for each 1987 audit are presented in tabular form far
each concentration level. The overall performance far
all participants for each audit conducted since the be-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ginning of the program is also illustrated in a series of
figures.
Keywords: 'Auditing, 'Air pollution, Sulfur dioxide.
Monitors, Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen nitrates,
Concentration(Composition),	Laboratories,
Lead(Metal), Performance evaluation, Tables(Data),
'Air pollution sampling.
PB89-169841/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Humkllflcatlon of Flue Gas to Augment S02 Cap-
ture by Dry Sorbents. Rept. for Oct 85-Jul 88 (Final),
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
J. P. Gooch, R. Beittel, E. B. Dimukes, and R. S. Dahlin.
Mar 89,76p SRI-ENV-88-1023-5914, EPA/600/7-89/
001
Grants EPA-R-811683, EPA-R-012811
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report discusses, for a coal-burning power plant,
using humidification of the flue gas in a low-tempera-
ture duct to increase S02 removal by dry calcium-
based sorbents. In particular, humidification may be a
desirable modification of EPA's LIMB process, which is
based on Injecting limestone or hydrated lime in the
furnace; it could augment S02 removal by adding
post-furnace removal to that occurring in the injection
zone. The report covers work in post-furnace humidifi-
cation, charge-augmented humidification, water vapor
adsorption by lime (with and without additives), and
mathematical modeling of humidification and S02 re-
moval processes. From these investigations, it was
concluded that, for enhancement of S02 capture at
the Edgewater demonstration of LIMB, humidification
by a water spray will be required. A spray of pure water
would suffice if the frequency of collisions between
sorbent particles and water droplets could be in-
creased. Deliquescent additives that are known to en-
hance S02 capture by Ca(OH)2 at low temperatures
must operate to some extent by mechanisms other
than deliquescence.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Flue gases, 'Sulfur
dioxide, 'Sorbents, 'Humidification, Mathematical
models, Furnaces, Experimental design, Limestone,
Performance evaluation, Pilot plants, Quality control,
'Dry methods, 'Coal fired power plants, 'Limestone
injection multistage burners process.
PBM-16M58/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Annular Denuder Sampler for Phase-Distributed
BemlvoiatUe Organic Chemicals,
Battefie Columbus Div., OH.
p. w. Coutant, P. J. Callahan, and J. C. Chuang. Mar
89 109p EPA/600/3-89/029
Contract EPA-88-02-4127
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
A compact compound annular denuder, with a removal
efficiency for volatile polynuclear aromatic hydrocar-
bons (PAH) of at least 90% at flow rates of up to 200
L/min, was designed for use with the PS-1 sampler.
Laboratory tests of this denuder showed no detectable
« 10%) removal of ambient particulate matter larger
than 0.1 micrometer mean diameter at flow rates of
100-200 L/min. The vapor collection efficiency, as
measured with naphthalene, was better than 95%, and
the capacity for removal of approximately 180 micro-
grams of naphthalene was better than 90%. The field
experiments consisted of three series: (1) outdoors
during the winter; (2) indoors within a laboratory; and
(3) outdoors during the summer. In these experiments
a denuder difference approach was followed to moni-
tor the phase distributions of 18 PAH. The results in
general are consistent with previous work and extend
the overall body of information on the phase distribu-
tions of PAH and their tendencies for artifact formation
as a result of volatilization during sampling. Phase dis-
tributions for PAH were shown to be well represented
by the Dubrinin-Radushkevich Isotherm under both
summer and winter conditions.
Keywords: 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, 'Math-
ematical models, 'Particle size distribution, Field tests,
Performance evaluation. Design criteria,
Graphs(Charts), Computer programs, Tables(Data),
Comparison, Winter, Summer, Experimental design,
'High volume samplers, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Par-
ticulate sampling, 'Volatile organic compounds, 'Den-
uder samplers, Indoor air pollution, Air quality.
PB89-169866/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Data Aasessment Reports for CEMS (Continuous
Emiaslon Monitoring Systems) at Subpart Da Fa-
cilities,
Entropy Environmentalists, Inc., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
G. Walsh. Mar 89,55p EPA/600/3-89/027
Contract EPA-68-02-4550
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
EPA promulgated minimum quality assurance (QA) re-
quirements Tor Continuous Emission Monitoring Sys-
tems (CEMS) in 40 CFR Part 60 Appendix F. Appendix
F requires the development of site-specific QA plans
and the reporting of results of EPA specified QA activi-
ties each calendar quarter. The report of QA activities
under Appendix F is called a Data Assessment Report
(DAR). The DAR includes identifying and descriptive
information for the CEMS, results or periodic audits,
identification of periods when calibration drift exceeds
specified criteria, identification of periods when the
analyzers or CEMS are out of control (OOC), and de-
scriptions of corrective actions in response to OOC
conditions. The principle objective of the study is an
evaluation of the information in DARs for the first and
second quarters of calendar year 1988. Secondary
study objectives include the establishment of contacts
with agency staff who normally receive the DARs each
quarter and identification of facilities for which DARs
were apparently not received, for follow-up by the ap-
propriate agency.
Keywords: 'Continuous sampling, 'Data recorders,
Data acquisition, Quality assurance, Assessments,
Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Auditing, Trends, Cali-
brating, Revisions, Performance tests, State govern-
ment, Forecasting, 'Environmental monitoring, 'Air
pollution sampling, 'Data assessment reports.
PB88-169874/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Construction and Testing of Electrochemical N02
PSDs,
Transducer Research, Inc., Napervitle, IL.
M. W. Flndlay, J. R. Stetter, and C. Yue. Mar 89,66p
EPA/600/3-89/028
Contract EPA-68-02-4406
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
The monitoring of pollutant gases at sub-ppm and low-
ppb levels is of primary concern in indoor air and non-
industrial locations such as the home. The trend
toward more airtight homes, which began during the
energy crisis of the early 1970s, has caused concern
among health experts about increased levels of indoor
pollutants such as the sulfur and nitrogen oxides. It is
the objective of this work to develop a personal expo-
sure monitor (PEM) which will allow real-time monitor-
ing of low concentrations of N02. The work focused
upon improvement of the existing electrochemical
technique so that it can be used at ppb levels.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides(N02), 'Portable equip-
ment, 'Monitors, 'Personnel detection, 'Airborne de-
tectors, 'Electrical measurement, Design criteria, Per-
formance evaluation, Concentration(Compositions),
Electrochemistry, Exposure, 'Air pollution sampling,
Indoor air pollution.
PB89-169882/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sesament L&b.
Evaluation of Refrigerant from Mobile Air Condi-
tioners. Rept. for Apr 88-Jan 89 (Final),
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC. Southeast
Regional Offkw.
L. Weitzman. Feb 89,75p EPA/600/2-89/009
Contract EPA-68-02-4285
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
The report gives results of a project to provide a scien-
tific basis for choosing a reasonable standard of purity
for recycled chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) refrigerant in
operating automobile air conditioners. The quality of
refrigerant from air conditioners in automobiles of dif-
ferent makes, ages, and mileages, from different parts
of the U.S., and with both failed and properly working
air conditioners was measured. The refrigerant (CFC-
12) was tested for water content, acidity, residue (com-
pressor oil) quantity, refrigerant purity, inorganic chlo-
ride, and inorganic fluoride. Of the 227 cars sampled,
neither the refrigerant nor the residue showed measur-
able levels of acid or inorganic chlorides and fluorides.
The gaseous refrigerant, in all but two samples, was of
higher purity than the specification for new CFC-12.
The residue was greater than 99% pure in all but two
samples. The mean water content for all samples (56
ppm) exceeded the Federal Specification BB-F-1421A
of 10 ppm maximum. The work will be the basis for pro-
grams to reduce CFC emissions from the servicing of
automotive air conditioners.
Keywords: 'Dichlorodifluoromethane, 'Refrigerants,
'Air conditioning, 'Air pollution control, Maintenance,
Fluorohydrocarbons, Moisture content, Acidity, Fluo-
rine inorganic compounds, Chlorine inorganic com-
pounds, Purification, 'Freons, 'Automotive accesso-
ries, Air pollution sampling, Freon-12.
PB89-169890/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research Div.
Uranium Removal from Drinking Water Using a
Small Full-Scale System,
Arber (Richard P.) Associates, Inc., Denver, CO.
R. T. Jelinek, R. L. Clemmer, and F. J. Johns. Mar 89,
47p EPA/600/2-89/012
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div.
The report presents background and history of water
quality, the basis for design and nine months of actual
operating data for a small, full-scale strong-base ion
exchange system that is used to remove uranium from
a water supply serving a school in Jefferson County,
CO. Information is also presented on the effectiveness
of regeneration, the gamma radiation profile of the
system, and the capital and O/M costs of the system.
Because of no on-site disposal system, the regenera-
tion wastewater is hauled away to a school district
wastewater treatment plant at a cost of $2.40 per
1,000 gallons of treated water.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Drinking water, 'Urani-
um, 'Ion exchangers. Cost analysis, Capitalized costs.
Operating costs, Waste disposal, Design criteria, Per-
formance evaluation, Maintenance, Radioactive mate-
rials. 'Water pollution control equipment
PB89-169908/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Evaluation of SoMMcatlon/Stabillzation aa a Beat
Demonstrated Available Technology for Contami-
nated Solla,
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
L. Weitzman, and L E. Hamel. Mar 89,86p EPA/600/
2-89/013
Contract EPA-68-03-3241
Sponsored bv Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The project involved the evaluation of solidification/
stabilization technology as a BDAT for contaminated
soil. Three binding agents were used on four different
synthetically contaminated soils. Performance evalua-
tion data included unconfirmed compressive strength
(UCS) and the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Proce-
dure (TCLP) leaching test. Results indicated that so-
lidification/stabilization techniques were effective in
reducing the teachable metals of the contaminated
soils.
Keywords: 'Soil surveys, 'Solidification, 'Stabilization,
'Waste disposal, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treat-
ment Stabilizers(Agents), Sites, Bindere(Materiais),
Performance standards, Tabtes(Data),
Concentration(Compositk>n), Sampling, Leaching,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Metals, 'Best technology, 'Land pollution, 'Superfund
project, Environmental transport.
PB89-169924/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC.
National List of Plant Species that Occur In Wet-
lands: Central Plain* (Region 5),
National Ecology Research Center, Fort Collins, Co.
P. B. Reed. May 88,81 p BIOLOGICAL-88(26.5)
See also PB89-127914. Sponsored by Corps of Engi-
neers, Washington, DC., Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC., and Soil Conservation Serv-
ice, Washington, DC.
The report represents the combined efforts of many bi-
ologists over the last decade to define the wetland
flora of the United States. Plant species that occur in
wetlands, as used in the National List, are defined as
species that have demonstrated an ability to achieve
maturity and reproduce In an environment where all or
portions of the soil within the root zone become, peri-
odically or continuously, saturated or inundated during
the growing season. The list will facilitate the imple-
mentation and management of the wetland regulatory
programs of the Federal Government and most State
governments. The list for the Central Plains (Region 5)
is a subset of the National List.
Keywords: 'Plants(Botany), 'Plant ecology, Taxono-
my, Trees(Plants), Grasses, Weeds, Shrubs, Ferns,
Ornamental plants, Regulations, Government policies,
'Wetlands, 'Central Plains Region(United States),
Listings.
PB89-169932/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC.
National List of Plant Species that Occur In Wet-
lands: South Plains (Region 6),
National Ecology Research Center, Fort Collins, Co.
P. B. Reed. May 88,103p BIOLOGICAL-88(26.6)
See also PB89-169924. Sponsored by Corps of Engi-
neers, Washington, DC., Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC., and Soil Conservation Serv-
ice, Washington, DC.
The report represents the combined efforts of many bi-
ologists over the last decade to define the wetland
flora of the United States. Plant species that occur in
wetlands, as used in the National List, are defined as
species that have demonstrated an ability to achieve
maturity and reproduce in an environment where all or
portions of the soil within the root zone become, peri-
odically or continuously, saturated or inundated during
the growing season. The list will facilitate the imple-
mentation and management of the wetland regulatory
programs of the Federal Government and most State
governments. The list for the South Plains (Region 6)
is a subset of the National List.
Keywords: 'Plants(Botany), 'Plant ecology, Taxono-
my, Classifications, Trees(Plants), Grasses, Weeds,
Shrubs, Ferns, Berry plants, Regulations, Government
policies, 'Wetlands, 'South Plains Region(United
States), Listings.
PB89-169973/HSU
PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Review of Current Methods for Measuring Partic-
ulate Matter Including Condensables from Sta-
tionary Sources. Final rept.,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
J. D. McCain, and A. D. Williamson. Feb 89,31 p EPA/
600/3-89/020
Contract EPA-68-02-4442
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
The PM10 ambient air particulate concentration stand-
ard has created a need for updating measurement
methods for PM10 emissions (nominally 10 microme-
ters aerodynamic diameter and smaller) from station-
ary sources. Condensable emissions can be a signifi-
cant portion of stack emissions. Further, since these
substances primarily condense to particles less than
10 micrometers in diameter, they form a greater per-
centage of the PM10 fraction than of the total particu-
late matter emissions. Therefore, the need arises for
developing a source test method which includes the
condensable component of emissions. A review of
possible techniques was conducted to determine cur-
rent methodology and to make recommendations for
research. Research is recommended on two ap-
proaches. One is a dilution method which simulates
plume formation by mixing stack gases with condi-
tioned ambient air and the other is an adaptation of uti-
lizing the Method 5 back-half catch.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Chimneys, 'Combustion prod-
ucts, 'Dilution, Reviews, Concentration(Composition),
Performance evaluation, Sources, Plumes, 'Stationary
sources, 'Air pollution sampling, *EPA method 5.
PB89-170195/HSU	CP D01
d-SSYS: A Computer Model for the Evaluation of
Competing Alternatives (for Microcomputers).
Model,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
A. J. Klee. Mar 89,1 diskette* EPA/SW/DK-89/026
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskette,
double density (360K), compatible with the IBM PC
microcomputer. The diskettes are in the ASCII format.
Price includes documentation, PB88-234182.
The study was instigated to develop a computer model
that quantitatively evaluates competing research and
development projects, and assists in prioritizing such
projects when resources are not sufficient to conduct
all of them. An evaluation model was developed,
based upon existing multiattribute utility theory but with
some modification and innovation. The model, with
user input, helps determine the relative weights of the
factors or criteria used to evaluate the projects under
consideration, and, again with user input, determines
the utility function for each of the attributes. A unique
feature of the model is that it Incorporates uncertain-
ties of three types (1) those dealing with the factor
weights, (2) those dealing with the worth of each
project with respect to each factor, and (3) those deal-
ing with the utilities of the attributes. The model is suffi-
ciently general so that it may be applied to any problem
of competing alternatives. Software Description: The
software is written in the FORTRAN and Assembly lan-
guages for use on an IBM PC or compatible machines
using DOS 2.0+ operating system.
Keywords: 'Models-Simulation, 'Research manage-
ment, 'Decision making, Competition, Research
projects, Evaluation, Diskettes, 'Resource allocation,
'Pnorities, L=Fortran; Assembly, H = IBM PC.
PB80-170203/HSU	CP T99
MOBILE4 Emission Factor Model: Source Code
(One Version Mixed Case, One Version Upper
Case), Input Files for Example Runs, and HIgn Al-
titude Area l/M Credits. Model,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
T. P. Newell, and R. Parsons. 1 Mar 89, mag tape*
EPA/SW/MT-89/029
Supersedes PB84-221795. For system on diskettes,
see PB89-170211.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB89-164271.
MOBILE4 is a computer program that calculates emis-
sion factors for hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide
(CO), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) from highway
motor vehicles. MOBILE4 calculates emission factors
for eight individual vehicle types, in two regions of the
country (low- and high-altitude). The emission factors
depend on various conditions such as ambient temper-
ature, fuel volatility, speed, and mileage accrual rates.
MOBILE4 will estimate emission factors for any calen-
dar year between 1960 and 2020 inclusive. The 20
most recent model years are considered in operation
in each calendar year. MOBILE4 supersedes
MOBILE3. Relative to MOBILE3, MOBILE4 incorpo-
rates several new options, calculating methodologies,
emission control regulations, and internal program de-
signs. Software Description: The model is written in the
FORTRAN programming language for use on an
Amdahl 5890-18DE computer using the MTS operat-
ing system. Minimum memory required is 920K.
Keywords: 'Models-Simulation, 'Exhaust emissions,
Motor vehicles, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, Ni-
trogen oxides, Altitude, Magnetic tapes. 'Automobile
exhaust, 'Emission factors, US EPA, L=Fortran,
H=Amdahl 5890-18DE.
PB89-170211/HSU	CP DM
MOBILE4 Emission Factor Model: Source Code
(One Version Mixed Case, One Version Upper
Case), Input Files for Example Runs, and Hlgh-AI-
tltude Area l/M Credits (for Microcomputers).
Model,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
T. P. Newell, and R. Parsons. 1 Mar 89,3 diskettes*
EPA/SW/DK-89/030
For system on magnetic tape, see PB89-170203.
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskettes,
double density (360K), compatible with the IBM PC
microcomputer. The diskettes are in the ASCII format
Price includes documentation, PB89-184271.
MOBILE4 is a computer program that calculates emis-
sion factors for hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide
(CO), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) from highway
motor vehicles. MOBILE4 calculates emission factors
for eight individual vehicle types, in two regions of the
country (low- and high-altitude). The emission factors
depend on various conditions such as ambient temper-
ature, fuel volatility, speed, and mileage accrual rates.
MOBILE4 will estimate emission factors for any calen-
dar year between 1960 and 2020 inclusive. The 20
most recent model years are considered in operation
in each calendar year. MOBILE4 supersedes
MOBILES. Relative to MOBILE3, MOBILE4 incoreo-
rates several new options, calculating methodologies,
emission control regulations, and internal program de-
signs. Software Description: The software is written in
the FORTRAN language for use on an IBM PC or com-
patible machines using MS-DOS operating system. It
requires a minimum of 920K of memory.
Keywords: 'Models-Simulation, 'Exhaust emissions,
Motor vehicles, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide. Ni-
trogen oxides, Altitude, Diskettes, 'Automobile ex-
haust, 'Emission factors, US EPA, Fortran,
H=IBM PC.
PB89-170344/HSU	CPT02
AQUIRE: Aquatic Toxicity Information Retrieval
Data Base. Data file,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duiuth, MN.
E. Anderson, and A. Pilli. 13 Mar 89, mag tape EPA/
DF/MT-89/031
Source tape is in the ASCII format This restricts prep-
aration to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identity i*.
cording mode by specifying density only. For price at
6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Products.
The purpose of Aquatic Toxicity Information Retrieval
(AQUIRE) data base is to provide scientists and man-
agers quick access to a comprehensive, systematic,
computerized compilation of aquatic toxicity data. Sci-
entific papers published both nationally and interna-
tionally on the toxicity of chemicals to aquatic otim»
nisms and plants are collected and reviewed lor
AQUIRE. Independently compiled data files that meet
AQUIRE parameter and quality assurance criteria are
also included. Selected toxicity test results and related
testing information for any individual chemical from
laboratory and field aquatic toxicity tests are extracted
and added to AQUIRE. Acute, sublethal and biocon-
centration effects are included for tests with freshwa-
ter and marine organisms. The total number of data
records in AQUIRE now equals 104,500. This includes
data from 6000 references, for 5200 chemicals end
2400 test species. A major data file. Acute Toxicity of
Organic Chemicals (ATOC), has been incorporated
into AQUIRE. The ATOC file contains laboratory acute
test data on 525 organic chemicals using juvenNe fat-
head minnows. The complete data file can bis ac-
cessed by requesting review code S as a search pa-
rameter.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Aquatic plants, 'Aquatic ani-
mals, 'Toxicity, Tests, Fresh water biology, Marine bi-
ology, Magnetic tapes, 'Aquatic organisms, Organic
chemicals industry, Water pollution effects(Animais).
Water pollution effects(Plants).
PB89-171963	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Radiochemical and Instrumental Neutron Activa-
tion Analysis Procedures for the Determination of
Low Level Trace Elements in Human Uvera. Final
rept.,
National Bureau of Standards (NML). SaMterabura.
MD. Inorganic Analytical Research Div.
R. Zeisler, R. R. Greenberg, and S. F. Stone. 1968,17p
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.
Pub. in Jnl. of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry
124, n1 p47-63 1988.
A comprehensive approach to the analysis of human
livers was developed in a pilot program for the National
Environmental Specimen Bank that employed a com-
bination of four analytical techniques. Refinements in
this approach were needed for improvement in detec-
tion limits, for more effective sample usage, and to
reduce the number of analytical steps that were in-
volved. Since neutron activation analysis (NAA) deter-
mined most of the elements, expansion of NAA was
chosen to achieve these goals. Modifications in the in-
strumental NAA procedures, including the use of a
Compton Suppressor System, gave increased sensi-
tivity for some low level elements, such as arsenic and
chromium. Radiochemical procedures that followed
the instrumental counts increased the sensitivity for
the elements chromium, selenium, arsenic, molybde-
num, silver, antimony, and tin. Results are given for
two radiochemical procedures that were applied fol-
lowing the modified procedure, either the use of an in-
organic ion exchange column or a liquid/liquid extrac-
tion, and these are compared to instrumental results.
Keywords: 'Trace elements, 'Neutron activation anal-
ysis, 'Liver, Humans, Compton effect, Spectrochemi-
cal analysis, Tissues(Biology), Nuclear chemistry, Ra-
dlochemistry, Reprints.
PB89-172142/HSU	PC EM/MF EM
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineerina Research Lab.
Proceedings: First Combined FGD (Flu* Qas De-
•ulfurizatlon) and Diy 802 Control Symposium.
Held In St Louis, Missouri, on OctoMr 25-28,
1988,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
B. B. Emmel. Mar 89,1645p-in 3v*
s«t includes PB89-172159 through PB89-172175.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab., and Electric Power Research Inst.,
Palo Alto, CA. Coal Combustion Systems Div.
No abstract available.
PB80-172159/HSU	PC A24/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
pjirk, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Proceedings: First Combined FQD (Flue Qas De-
wilfurlxatlon) and Diy S02 Control Symposium.
Hold In St Louis, Missouri, on October 26-28,
1088. Volume 1. Sessions 1,2,3, and 4,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
B. B. Emmel. Mar 89.551p* EPA/600/9-89/036A
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
See also Volume 2, PB89-172167 and Volume 3,
PB89-172175. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab., and Electric
Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA. Coal Combustion
Systems Div.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB89-
172142.
The First Combined FGD and Dry S02 Control Sympo-
sium was held in St. Louis, Missouri, October 25-28,
1988. The Symposium, jointly sponsored by EPRI and
EPA, had as its objective the exchange of technical
and regulatory information on sulfur oxide control tech-
nology. including wet and dry scrubbers, emerging
processes, and international developments In clean
ooal/acid rain technologies. Eighty-five papers were
presented
tfves of ul
by EPA and EPRI members, representa-
of utility companies, equipment manufacturers,
research and development companies, and university
researchers. The Proceedings of the Symposium have
been compiled In three volumes. Volume 1 contains
papers on International Overview; Retrofit Economics;
Spray Dryer Technology; Furnace Sorbent Injection -
Demonstrations/Integration/Byproduct Utilization.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Air pollution control equip-
ment, 'Flue gases, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Nitrogen oxides,
•Sulfur oxides, International government. Electric
power plants, Design criteria, Performance evaluation.
Economic analysis, Sorbents, Injection, Byproducts,
Waste disposal, Coal preparation,
Predpttation(Meteorology), 'Flue gas desulfurtzation,
•Wet methods, 'Dry methods, Limestone injection.
Spray tower scrubbers, Limestone injection multistage
burners, Waste utilization, Acid rain, Air pollution
abatement.
PB89-1721S7/HSU	PC A22/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Proceedings: First Combined FGD (Rue Gas De-
sulfurtzation) and Dry S02 Control Symposium.
Held in St Louis, Missouri on October 25-28,1988.
Volume 2. Sessions 5 and 8,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
B. B. Emmel. Mar 89,508p* EPA/600/9-89/036B
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
See also Volume 1, PB89-172159 and Volume 3,
PB89-172175. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab., and Electric
Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA. Coal Combustion
Systems Div.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB89-
172142.
The First Combined FQD and Dry S02 Control Sympo-
sium was held in St. Louis, Missouri, October 25-28,
1988. The Symposium, jointly sponsored by EPRI and
EPA, had as its objective the exchange of technical
and regulatory information on sulfur oxide control tech-
nology, including wet and dry scrubbers, emerging
processes, and international developments in clean
coal/acid rain technologies. Eighty-five papers were
presented by EPA and EPRI staff members, represent-
atives of utility companies, equipment manufacturers,
research and development companies, and university
researchers. Specific topics contained in Volume 2 are
FSI Impacts/Enhancements/Wet FGD Operation and
Municipal Solid Waste Facilities.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Air pollution control equip-
ment, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Sulfur oxides, Flue gases, Elec-
trostatic precipitators, Performance evaluation, Design
criteria, Sorbents, Corrosion prevention, Scrubbers,
Descaling, Incineration, Waste disposal, 'Flue gas de-
sulfurization, 'Dry methods, 'Wet methods, Mist elimi-
nators, Limestone injection, Limestone injection mul-
tistage burners, Municipal wastes, Spray tower scrub-
bers.
PB89-172175/HSU	PC A25/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Proceedings: First Combined FGD (Flue Gas De-
sulfurtzation) and Dry S02 Control Symposium.
Held In St. Louis, Missouri on October 25-28,1988.
Volume 3. Sessions 7 and 8,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
B. B. Emmel. Mar 89,586p* EPA/600/9-89/036C
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
See also Volume 2, PB89-172167. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab., and
Electric Power Research Inst, Palo Alto, CA. Coal
Combustion Systems Div.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB89-
172142.
The First Combined FGD and Dry S02 Control Sympo-
sium was held in St Louis, Missouri, October 25-28,
1988. The Symposium, jointly sponsored by EPRI and
EPA, had as Its objective the exchange of technical
and regulatory information on sulfur oxide control tech-
nology, including wet and dry scrubbers, emerging
processes, and International developments In clean
coal/acid rain technologies. Eighty-five papers were
presented by EPA and EPRI staff members, represent-
atives of utility companies, equipment manufacturers,
research and development companies, and university
researchers. Specific topics contained in Volume 3 are
Special Topics: Dry FGD Fundamentals/New Tech-
nologies/FGD Improvement and Post-Combustion Dry
Technologies.
Keywords: 'Meetings, "Air pollution control equip-
ment 'Flue gases, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Sulfur oxides, In-
jection, Chemical reactions, Fluidized bed processors,
Scrubbers, Fly ash, Linings, Sorbents, Performance
evaluation, Design criteria, Protective coatings. 'Flue
gas desulfurtzation, 'Dry methods, Limestone injec-
tion, Limestone scrubbing. Waste utilization.
PB89-172274/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
National Air Audit System FY 1986-1987 National
Report Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jan 89,144p EPA/450/2-89/003
See also PB86-169133.
The National Air Audit System (NAAS), which was de-
veloped jointly by EPA and representatives of State
and local air pollution control agencies, was imple-
mented for the first time in FY 1984, and audits were
again conducted in FY 1985. The report for FY 1986-
1987 indicates that State and local agencies generally
have sound programs in each of the audited areas and
the audited agencies show improvement over the pre-
vious audits. There are still areas where improvement
is needed, however, and various remedial actions
have been initiated. A task force is also being formed
to assess how to Improve the function of the NAAS, to
make the audit results more comprehensive and
useful.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Auditing, Sources, Reviews,
Inspections, State government, Monitoring, 'Air qual-
ity, 'National air audit system, State implementation
plans.
PB89-172308/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Seasonal Variations of Radon and Radon Decay
Product Concentrations In Single Family Homes.
Final rept,
Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas, NV.
J. M. Hans, and R. J. Lyon. Aug 86,46p EPA/520/1-
86/015
Radon and radon decay product concentrations were
measured weekly for a period of 1 year In 20 homes. A
seasonal cycle was observed for the radon concentra-
tions, with a low during the warmer months and a high
during the cooler months of the year. Radon decay
product concentrations were found to generally follow
the radon cycle, as expected. The equilibrium ratio was
observed, however, to vary inversely with the radon
and radon decay product cycles. The indoor radon
cycle for the 20 homes was also found to follow the in-
verse of the outdoor radon concentrations. Some
speculation and supporting data are presented to ex-
plain the inverse indoor and outdoor relationships.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Houses, 'Seasonal variations,
Residential buildings. Concentration(Composition), Air
pollution, Graphs(Charts), Ventilation, Heat distributing
units, 'Daughter products, 'Indoor air pollution.
PB89-172748/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance for the Registration of Pesticide
Products Containing Mecoprop (MCPP) as the
Active Ingredient
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 88,101 p EPA/540/RS-89/030
See also PB89-172753.
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient The document includes now to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of date requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Regulations, Instructions,
Standards, Requirements, Toxicology. Labels, Risk,
Asaeeament, Exposure, Humans, Path of pollution,
Mecoprop.
PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide
PB89-172753/HSU
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)
Fact Sheet No. 192: Mecoprop (MCPP).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 88.13p EPA/540/FS-89/031
See also PB89-172746.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. Issuance or reissuance
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
of a registration standard, Issuance of each special
review document, Registration of a significantly
changed use pattern, Registration of a new chemical,
or An immediate need for information to resolve con-
troversial issues relating to a specific chemical or use
pattern.
Keywords: 'Regulations, 'Pesticides, Standards, For-
mulations, Organic compounds, Toxicity, Herbicides,
Utilization, Absorption, Mecoprop, Chemical informa-
tion fact sheet.
PB89-172761/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Personal Protective Equipment for Pesticide Ap-
plicators. Guide to Sources.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office o1 Pesticide Programs.
Jan 89,233p* EPA/540/9-89/043
Prepared in cooperation with National Inst, for Occu-
pational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH., and De-
partment of Agriculture, Washington, DC.
The Compendium is a nationwide listing of suppliers of
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). These guides
contain a listing by States of both manufacturers and
suppliers and the types of equipment they distribute.
There are seven sections to the guide. Section 1 pro-
vides a listing by States of suppliers and distributors.
Section 2 provides the same type of list for manufac-
turers and lists their sales representatives when
known. Sections 3 and 4 can be used to determine
sources of chemical protective clothing available by
fabric type by state and gloves available by fabric type
by state. Section 5 provides sources of certified respi-
rators by state and section 6 provides toll-free phone
numbers for distributors and suppliers of personal pro-
tective equipment. Section 7 provides toll-free phone
numbers for protective equipment manufacturers and
sales representatives.
Keywords: 'Protective clothing, 'Protectors, 'Pesti-
cides, 'Directories, Breathing apparatus, Respirators,
Protective masks, Distributors, Manufacturers, Supply-
ing, United States, Gloves, 'Occupational safety and
health. Toxic substances, Insecticides, Rodenticides.
PB89-172894/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Report on the Status of Chemicals in the Special
Review Program, Registration Standards Pro-
gram, Data Call-in Program, and Other Registra-
tion Activities. Fiscal Year 19S8,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
S. Hobgood. 30 Sep 88,121 p EPA/540/9-69/037
Supersedes PB88-158886.
The publication contains: (1) an alphabetical listing of
all chemicals which have been, or are being handled
under the Special Review Process: (2) an alphabetical
listing of the chemicals which have been through or
are now active in the Registration Standard Develop-
ment Process; and (3) identification by cluster of the
chemicals which have been through or are being proc-
essed in the Data Call-In Program. The listing is Intend-
ed to give the dates and status of a chemical and is up-
dated semi-annually.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Registration, Chemicals,
Standards, Risk, Benefits, Review.
PB89-172902/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Personal Protective Equipment for Pesticide Ap-
plicators: Quids to Sources in Western States.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
NOV 88,74p" EPA/540/9-89/041
See also PB89-172936. Prepared in cooperation with
National Inst, for Occupational Safety and Health, Cin-
cinnati, OH., and Department of Agriculture, Washing-
ton, DC.
The report lists suppliers of Personal Protective Equip-
ment (PPE) in Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado,
Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, North Dakota,
Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wyoming.
The guide contains a listing by States oi both manufac-
turers and suppliers and the types of equipment they
distribute. There are seven sections to the guide. Sec-
tion 1 provides a listing by States of suppliers and dis-
tributors. Section 2 provides the same type of list for
manufacturers and lists their sales representatives
when known. Sections 3 and 4 can be used to deter-
mine sources of chemical protective clothing available
by fabric type by state and gloves available by fabric
type by state. Section 5 provides sources of certified
respirators by state and section 6 provides toll-free
phone numbers for distributors and suppliers of per-
sonal protective equipment. Section 7 provides toll-
free phone numbers for protective equipment manu-
facturers and sales representatives.
Keywords: 'Protective clothing, 'Protectors, "Directo-
ries, 'Pesticides, Distributors, Manufacturers, Supply-
ing, Gloves, Breathing apparatus, Protective masks,
Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho,
Montana, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, South
Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wyoming, 'Western
Region(United States), 'Occupational safety and
health, Toxic substances, Insecticides, Rodenticides.
PB89-172910/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Personal Protective Equipment for Pesticide Ap-
plicators: Guide to Sources in North East and Mid-
Atlantic States.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Nov 88,86p* EPA/540/9-89/042
See also PB89-172902. Prepared in cooperation with
National Inst, for Occupational Safety and Health, Cin-
cinnati, OH., and Department of Agriculture, Washing-
ton, DC.
The report lists suppliers of Personal Protective Equip-
ment (PPE) in Connecticut, Delaware, District of Co-
lumbia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hamp-
shire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Puerto
Rico, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, and West Vir-
ginia. The guide contains a listing by States of both
manufacturers and suppliers and the types of equip-
ment they distribute. There are seven sections to the
guide. Section 1 provides a listing by States of suppli-
ers and distributors. Section 2 provides the same type
of list for manufacturers and lists their sales represent-
atives when known. Sections 3 and 4 can be used to
determine sources of chemical protective clothing
available by fabric type by state and gloves available
by fabric type by state. Section 5 provides sources of
certified respirators by state and section 6 provides
toll-free phone numbers for distributors and suppliers
of personal protective equipment. Section 7 provides
toll-free phone numbers for protective equipment man-
ufacturers and sales representatives.
Keywords: 'Protective clothing, 'Protectors, 'Directo-
ries, 'Pesticides, Distributors, "Manufacturers, Supply-
ing, 'Gloves, Breathing apparatus, 'Protective masks,
Vermont, District of Columbia, Maine, Connecticut,
Delaware, Virginia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New
Hampshire, New Jersey, West Virginia, New York,
Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico, Rhode Island, 'Northeast
Region(United States), 'Middle Atlantic Reglon(United
States), 'Occupational safety and health, Toxic sub-
stances, Insecticides, Rodenticides.
PB89-172928/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Personal Protective Equipment for Pesticide Ap-
plicators: Guide to Sources In Mid-Western
States.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Nov 88,84p* EPA-540/9-89/044
See also PB89-172910. Prepared in cooperation with
National Inst, for Occupational Safety and Health, Cin-
cinnati, OH., and Department of Agriculture, Washing-
ton, DC.
The report lists suppliers of Personal Protective Equip-
ment (PPE) in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan,
Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio, and Wisconsin.
The guide contains a listing by States of both manufac-
turers and suppliers and tne types of equipment they
distribute. There are seven sections to the guide. Sec-
tion 1 provides a listing by States of suppliers and dis-
tributors. Section 2 provides the same type of list for
manufacturers and lists their sales representatives
when known. Sections 3 and 4 can be used to deter-
mine sources of chemical protective clothing available
by fabric type by state and gloves available by fabric
type by state. Section 5 provides sources of certified
respirators by state and section 6 provides toll-free
phone numbers for distributors and suppliers of per-
sonal protective equipment. Section 7 provides toll-
free phone numbers for protective equipment manu-
facturers and sales representatives.
Keywords: 'Protective clothing, 'Protectors, 'Directo-
ries, 'Pesticides, Distributors, 'Manufacturers, Supply-
ing, 'Gloves, Breathing apparatus, 'Protective masks,
Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota,
Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio, Wisconsin, 'Midwest
Region(United States), 'Occupational safety and
health, Toxic substances, Insecticides, Rodenticides.
PB89-172936/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Personal Protective Equipment for Pesticide Ap-
plicators: Guide to Sources In Southern States.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Nov 88,93p* EPA/540/9-89/045
See also PB89-172928. Prepared in cooperation with
National Inst for Occupational Safety and Health, Cin-
cinnati, OH., and Department of Agriculture, Washing-
ton, DC.
The report lists suppliers of Personal Protective Equip-
ment (PPE) in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia.
Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, North
Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee and
Texas. The guide contains a listing by States of both
manufacturers and suppliers and the types of equip-
ment they distribute. There are seven sections to the
guide. Section 1 provides a listing by States of suppli-
ers and distributors. Section 2 provides the same type
of list for manufacturers and lists their sales represent-
atives when known. Sections 3 and 4 can be used to
determine sources of chemical protective clothing
available by fabric type by state and gloves available
by fabric type by state. Section 5 provides sources of
certified respirators by state and section 8 provides
toll-free phone numbers for distributors and suppliers
of personal protective equipment. Section 7 provides
toll-free phone numbers for protective equipment man-
ufacturers and sales representatives.
Keywords: 'Protective clothing, 'Protectors, 'Directo-
ries, 'Pesticides, Distributors, Manufacturers, Supply-
ing, Gloves, Breathing apparatus, 'Protective masks,
Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Lou-
isiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, North Carolina, Okla-
homa, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, 'Southern
RegionfUntted States), 'Occupational safety and
health, Toxic substances, Insecticides, Rodenticides.
PB89-173215/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Atmospheric Processes and Effects on Materials.
Interim rept. May 88-Dec 88,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
J. J. Bufalini, and E. O. Edney. 1989,22p EPA/600/D-
89/001
The two chapters summarize the effects expected
from the depletion of stratospheric ozone by the pres-
ence of CFCs. The two areas considered by these two
reports are materials damage and atmospheric proc-
esses. Increased UV can affect materials in the follow-
ing ways: (1) corrosion of metals is expected to in-
crease because of increased acid deposition; (2) stone
deterioration is expected to increase again because of
increased acid deposition; (3) dyes are expected to
fade more quickly; (4) polymers are expected to break-
down more rapidly; and (5) paints will weather faster.
In the area of atmospheric processes, Increased UV is
expected to: (1) increase photochemical reactions in
cities and more ozone Is expected; (2) sulfur dioxide is
expected to oxidize to sulfate more quickly; and (3)
gas-particle reaction rates are expected to increase.
Keywords: * Fluorohydrocarbons, 'Stratosphere
'Ozone, 'Ultraviolet radiation, Photochemical reac-
tions, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur dioxide, Aerosols, D
Paints, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Sunll
Metals, Polymers, 'Atmospheric chemistry, 'Air pu.»-
tion effects(Materials), 'Air quality, Volatile organic
compounds, Atmospheric corrosion, Acid gases.
PB89-173223/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab
Historic Emissions of VOC (Volatile Organic Com-
pounds) and NOx in the United State* from 1900
to 1986. Rept for Jun 88-Jan 89,
Pechan (E.H.) and Associates, Inc., Durham, NC.
G. Gschwandtner, and J. D. Moblsy. 1989,9p EPA/
600/D-89/012
Contract EPA-68-02-4271
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
See also PB88-208723. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses historic emissions of volatile or-
ganic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in
the U.S. from 1900 to 1985. Total VOC emissions have
increased over the study period with peaks around
1930 and 1970. In 1900, transportation sources con-
tributed 2% of the total emissions. By 1960, these
sources contributed nearly 50% of the total VOC emis-
sions. Also, the percentage contribution of industrial
processes increased from about 3% in 1900 to 26% in
1960 and 39% in 1980. External fuel combustion was
a major category from 1900 to 1S40, but the percent-
age contribution has decreased since then. Similarly,
the contribution by miscellaneous other sources has
also decreased with time. The percentage contribution
of solid waste disposal appears to have remained
nearly constant over time. NOx emissions have In-
creased nearly steadily since 1900, while S02 emis-
sions have gradually increased from 1900 to 1980 with
considerable changes during certain shorter periods of
time. VOCs have also increased, but the rate of in-
crease appears to be less than that of NOx and more
than S02, at least on the national level.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, 'United States,
Graphs(Charts),	Concentration(Composition),
Sources, Trends, Sulfur dioxide. Waste disposal,
'Volatile organic compounds, 'Air pollution sampling.
PB89-173231/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Diagnostic Approaches to Better Solution* of
Radon IAO (Indoor Air Quality) Problems,
Princeton Univ., NJ.
D. T. Harrje. and L. M. Hubbard. 1988,12p EPA/600/
D-89/003
Grant EPA-R-814014
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper discusses diagnostic approaches that offer
improved evaluations of radon-related indoor air qual-
ity (IAQ) problems. An informed solution involves
knowledge of the building, the building site, and the
interaction of radon sources with the living space. The
diagnostics can be viewed as having applicability in
four phases of the mitigation process: (1) diagnostics
which assess the radon problem; (2) premftigation
diagnostics, from which a suitable mitigation approach
must be chosen; (3) Important diagnostics that check
the performance of the radon mitigation solution; and
(4) diagnostics that determine if the radon problem has
been solved (that guideline values have not been ex-
ceeded over the different seasonal conditions experi-
enced). A consensus of current knowledge on impor-
tant radon diagnostic techniques and how they may be
best applied are the result of a two-day Radon Diag-
nostics Workshop sponsored by the U.S. EPA held at
Princeton University, April 13-14,1987. The paper will
summarize those findings, placing the various radon
diagnostic techniques in perspective.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Residential buildings, 'Meetings,
Sites, Assessments, Performance evaluation,
Sources, Houses, Concentration(Compositlon), Moni-
toring, Seasonal variations, 'Air quality, 'Indoor air pol-
lution, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Diagnostic techniques.
Environmental transport, SoiT gases.
PB80-173249/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Impact of Pharmacokinetics on the Risk Assess-
ment of Dlchloromethane. Symposium paper,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
J. N. Blancato, and L. Rhomberg. May 88,9p EPA/
600/D-88/219
The paper recapitulates the means by which a physio-
logically based risk assessment for dlchloromethane
(DCM, methylene chloride) evolved. Two somewhat
different physiologically based pharmacokinetic
(PBPK) models hadbeen published by Angelo et al. in
1984 and Andersen et al. in 1987. The paper dis-
cusses the rationale for the selection and implementa-
tion of a PBPK model for purposes of estimating the
delivered or effective dose. Also discussed Is the ra-
tionale used for selecting the scaling method for esti-
mating the equivalency of delivered dose between test
species and humans.
Keywords: 'Physiology, 'Chloromethanes, 'Bioassay,
'Environmental surveys, Exposure, Laboratory ani-
mals, Humans, In vitro analysis, Metabolism, 'Pharma-
cokinetics, 'Risk assessment, 'Methane/dichioro.
Dose response relationships.
PB89-173256/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
EPA's (Environmental Protection Agency's) Eco-
logical Risk Assessment Research Program. Oc-
tober 1985-March 1988. Environmental research
brief,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
H. W. Holm. Aug 88,7p EPA/600/M-88/011
By Congressional mandate, the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency must determine whether individual
chemicals, either new or existing, can be manufac-
tured and sold in the United States. The evaluation
process for each chemical includes an ecological risk
assessment. To improve capabilities for assessing and
predicting risk to ecosystems, EPA's Office of Re-
search and Development initiated a comprehensive re-
search program in 1986. The three levels of any risk
assessment (exposure analysis, hazard analysis, and
the integration of the two into a risk analysis) are ad-
dressed in research involving six levels of integration.
In the report, the six individual projects-decision sup-
port systems, exposure analysis, toxicokinetics, biotic
effects analysis, population and community risk as-
sessment, and ecosystem risk analysis-are discussed
and component publications are listed.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Research projects, 'Chemical
compounds, 'Chemical industries, Reviews, Pesti-
cides, Exposure, Toxicology, Public health, 'Risk as-
sessment, 'Ecosystems, 'Environmental Protection
Agency, 'Toxic substances.
PB89-173710/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Comparative Health Effects Assessment of Drink-
ing Water Treatment Technologies, Report to
Congress,
Borriston Labs., Inc., Temple Hills, MD.
C. Felkner, H. Quinn, and J. Connery. Nov 88,199p
EPA/570/9-88/009
Contract EPA-68-03-3417
See also PB89-108971. Prepared in cooperation with
Eastern Research Group, Inc., Arlington, MA. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
The report evaluates the public health impact of the
most widespread drinking water treatment technol-
ogies, with particular emphasis on disinfection. It is the
Agency's conclusion that, in general, commonly used
dnnking water treatment processes- including disin-
fection, filtration, and other processes designed to
remove chemical and physical contaminants-provide
enormous benefits in ensuring the quality and safety of
drinking water in the United States. The report dis-
cusses aspects of alternative disinfectants and briefly
reviews health aspects of other treatment-related
chemicals such as sodium, aluminum etc. The report
also discusses health aspects of lead, radon, and or-
ganic contaminants.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Public health, 'Water
treatment, Disinfection, Filtration, United States, Water
quality, Chlorination, Coagulation, Osmosis, Flocculat-
ing, Sedimentation, Corrosion, pH control, Ion ex-
changing, Water softening, Adsorption,
Stripping(Dlstlllation), Raw water.
PBM-173728/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact 8h*«t Number 198: Rotsnone.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
7 Oct 88, 9p EPA/540/FS-89/040
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the EPA's regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, on rotenone. A Fact Sheet is issued
after one of the following actions has occurred: issu-
ance or reissuance of a registration standard; issuance
of each special review document; registration of a sig-
nificantly changed use pattern; registration of a new
chemical; an immediate need for information to re-
solve controversial issues relating to a specific chemi-
cal or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Insectides, Hazardous mate-
rials, Chemical properties, Regulations, Toxicology,
Ecology, Agricultural products, Aromatic polycyclic hy-
drocarbons, Furans, 'Toxic substances, 'Rotenone,
Science findings, Path of pollutants, Chemical informa-
tion fact sheet, Use patterns, CAS 83-79-4, Piscicides,
Benzopyrene.
PB89-173736/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstration of Pesticide
Products Containing Rotenone as the Active In-
redient
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Oct 88,127p EPA/540/RS-89/039
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing rotenone as
the active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of date require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides, 'Standards, Ge-
netics, Packaging, Labels, Marking, Hazardous materi-
als, Agricultural products, Manufacturing, Public
health, Regulations, Tables(Data), Aromatic polycyclic
hydrocarbons, Furans, 'Reregistration, 'Rotenone,
'Toxic substances, Federal Insecticide Fungicide and
Rodenticide Act, Benzopyrene, CAS 83-79-4, Pisci-
cides.
PB89-173744/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Baywide Nutrient Reduction Strategy: Chesa-
peake Bay Program. Agreement Commitment
Report Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Jul 88,125p*
The Strategy establishes baseline nutrient loading
conditions and the year 2000 nutrient loading target for
each Bay watershed jurisdiction. It outlines a phased
approach toward meeting the Agreement goal of a
40% reduction in nutrients by the year 2000 and identi-
fies additional information needed over the next sever-
al years to refine the strategy and carry out the re-
evaluation to be conducted in 1991.
Keywords: 'Chesapeake Bay, 'Nutrients, 'Water qual-
ity, 'Water pollution control, State government, Water-
sheds, Aquatic animals, Aquatic plants, Substitutes,
Phosphorus, Nitrogen, 'Chesapeake Bay Program,
'Resource management, 'Nonpoint sources, 'Toxic
substances, Water quality management, Baseline
measurements.
PB89-173827	Not available NTIS
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Designs for Assessmsnt of Measurement Uncer-
tainty: Experience In the Eastern Lake Survey.
Final rept.,
National Bureau of Standards (NEL), Gaithersburg,
MD. Statistical Engineering Div.
W. S. Uggett. 1986,15p
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Pub. in International Biometric Conference: Invited
Papers (13th), Seattle, WA., July 27-August 1, 1986,
p1-15.
As is typical of environmental studies, the Eastern
Lake Survey generated data that reflect both proper-
ties of the environment and properties of the sampling
and measurement procedures. Thus, environmental
conclusions cannot be drawn from these data without
assessment of the sampling and measurement error.
The paper shows how the properties of ion chromatog-
raphy affect the nitrate and sulfate measurements in
the survey. The investigation, which is based on meas-
urements of routine-duplicate samples, field blanks,
and field audit samples, is Interesting because of its
complexity. The measurement error nas a within-day
component and a day-to-day component The vari-
ance of the within-day component increases linearly
with concentration except near zero where the algo-
rithm used to Interpret the chromatographs seems to
behave poorly. The day-to-day component depends
on the calibration procedure. As an example, this in-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
vestigation illustrates the strengths and weaknesses
of some common designs for uncertainty assessment.
Keywords: 'Lakes, 'Error analysis, 'Environmental
surveys, Quality assurance, Statistical analysis, As-
sessments, Probability theory, Chromatographic anal-
ysis, Inorganic nitrates, Sulfates, Performance evalua-
tion, United States, 'Water pollution sampling.
PB89-173843	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Comparison of a Cryogenic Preconcentration
Technique and Direct Injection lor the Qas Chro-
matographic Analysis of Low PPB (Parts-per-BII-
llon) (NMOL/MOL) Qas Standard* of Toxic Organ-
ic Compounds. Final rept.,	.
National Bureau of Standards (NML), Gaithersburg,
MD. Gas and Particulate Science Div.
G. C. Bhoderick. 1988,6p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.
Pub. in Proceedings of EPA/APCA (Environmental
Protection Agency/Air Pollution Control Association)
International Symposium on Measurement of Toxic
and Related Air Pollutants, Research Triangle Park,
NC., May 2-4,1988, p259-264.
There is an increasing need for multicomponent gas
standards containing volatile toxic organic compounds
at the low parts-per-blllion level for use in environmen-
tal monitoring programs. Standards containing many
organic compounds, both halogenated and nonhalo-
genated species within the same mixture, can be very
difficult to analyze at the 1 -15 ppb concentration level.
Analyses of low level multicomponent mixtures have
been done using several different techniques. Gas
chromatography has been used to separate com-
pounds in simple and complex mixtures. Original work
was done using packed columns with a flame-ioniza-
tion detector (FID) and large sample volumes, 10 mL
and an electron-capture detector (ECD) to analyze for
halogenated compounds at low ppb levels. Therefore,
to measure all the compounds in a single analysis, a
cryogenic preconcentration technique was developed
to increase the sensitivity of both types of compounds
to the FID. Temperature programming was coupled
with this cryogenic preconcentration technique to in-
crease the quality of baseline separations.
Keywords'. 'Gas analyses, 'Gas chromatography,
Halogen organic compounds, Performance evaluation,
Cryogenics, Emission spectroscopy, 'Air pollution de-
tection, 'Volatile organic compounds, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Standard reference materials, Environmen-
tal monitoring, Electron capture detectors, Flame ioni-
zation.
PB89-174239/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Toxic Chemical Report, First Annual: A Summary
of Information Contained In the Toxic Chemical
Report Forms for Calendar Year 1987. Final rept,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Environmental Programs.
R. L. Carlson, J. A. Lampe, and J. F. Goodner. Feb 89,
158p* IEPA/ENW89-012
The report summarizes the information contained In
the Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Reporting
Forms (Form R) for calendar year 1987 as submitted
to the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency. The in-
formation includes all routine and non-routine releases
of toxic chemicals in Illinois to the air, water, and land,
as well as transfers of wastes to offsite treatment stor-
age and disposal facilities. Title III, Section 313 of the
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of
1986 (SARA) requires Form Rs to be filed by certain
companies which release any of the listed toxic chemi-
cals to the environment.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Illinois, 'Hazard-
ous materials, 'Environmental surveys, TablesfData),
Air pollution, Water pollution, Waste disposal, Metro-
politan areas, Utilization, Toxicology, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Land pollution, Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization of 1988, State programs.
PB89-174403/HSU	PC A98/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Land Disposal, Remedial Action, Incineration and
Treatment of Hazardous Waste. Proceedings of
the Annual Research Synposium (14th) held at
Cincinnati, Ohio, May 9-11,1988. Final rept.
JACA Corp., Fort Washington, PA.
Jul 88,644p EPA/600/9-88/021
Contract EPA-68-03-3258
See also PB87-233151. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction En-
gineering Lab.
The purpose of the Symposium was to present the
latest significant research findings from ongoing and
recently completed projects funded by the Risk Re-
duction Engineering Laboratory (RREL). These Pro-
ceedings are organized in four sections: Session A,
Hazardous Waste Land Disposal; Session B, Hazard-
ous Waste Incineration and Treatment; Session A/B,
Combined Session; and Session C, RREL Posters.
Subjects discussed in Session A include remedial
action treatment and control technologies for waste
disposal, landfill liner and cover systems, personnel
protection, underground storage tanks and demon-
stration and development of innovative/alternative
treatment technologies for hazardous waste.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Meetings, Waste
treatment, Waste disposal, Storage tanks, Pollution,
Underground storage, Organic compounds, Foams,
Fuel oils, Vacuum apparatus, Separation, Earth fills,
Linings, Incinerators, 'Land disposal, Alternate tech-
nology.
PB89-175426/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Technologies and Costs for the Treatment of Mi-
crobial Contaminants In Potable Water Supplies.
Pirnie (Malcolm), Inc., Paramus, NJ.
Oct 88,338p*
Contract EPA-68-01-6989
Prepared in cooperation with CWC-HDR, Inc.. Santa
Ana, CA. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
The document identifies the best technologies or other
means that are generally available, taking costs into
consideration, for inactivating or removing microbial
contaminants from surface water and ground water
supplies of drinking water. For municipal officials, engi-
neers, and others, the document provides a review of
alternative technologies and their relative efficiency
and cost and discusses water treatment technologies
which may be used by community and noncommunity
water systems in removing turbidity, Giardia, viruses,
and bacteria from water supplies. The EPA is currently
developing treatment regulations addressing these mi-
crobial concerns. A brief discussion of disinfection
technologies and costs for groundwater supplies is
also provided since disinfection is the best available
technology for groundwater systems to comply with
the coliform regulations. The information provided is
intended to aid in reviewing available technologies for
achieving the required reduction in turbidity ana micro-
organisms. It provides the user with an evaluation of
the various methods in use today for the removal of dif-
ferent concentrations of turbidity and microorganisms,
as well as relative costs.
Keywords: 'Cost analysis, 'Water pollution control,
'Surface waters, 'Ground water, 'Water treatment,
'Portable water, 'Marine microorganisms, Water
supply, Viruses, Bacteria, Giardia, Disinfection, Regu-
lations, Filtration, Turbidity, Water quality, Perform-
ance evaluation, Substitutes, Water
treatment(Chemicals), 'Best technology, 'Microorga-
nism control(Water), Pollution regulations.
PB89-175541/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Decision Msklng for Regulating Chemicals In the
Environment
National Research Council, Washington, DC. Commis-
sion on Natural Resources.
1975,244p ISBN-0-309-02401 -3
Contract EPA-68-01-2262
Library of Congress catalog card no. 75-29665. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, DC.
The intent of the study was to assess the state of the
art of decision making to identify inadequacies in cur-
rent methods, and to make recommendations that
could aid EPA and other regulatory agencies in making
more equitable and scientifically sound decision for
controlling chemicals in the environment.
Keywords: 'Regulations, 'Chemical compounds, 'Pol-
lution, 'Hazardous materials Statutes, Benefit cost
analysis, State government, Local government, Deci-
sion making, 'Toxic substances, Priorities, Federal
agencies.
P889-175608/HSU	CP T08
Advanced Utility Simulation Model (AUSM), Ver-
sion 3.0. Model-Simulation,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
R. Capone, and L. G. Jones. 30 Dec 88, mag tape*
EPA/SW/MT-89/032
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Price includes documentation PB89-181772,
PB89-188831, PB89-101208, PB88-2042B8, PB89-
118749, PB88-204276, PB89-126569, PB89-151468,
PB89-161780, and PB89-166649.
The computer program simulates the operation of all
electric utility generating units in the U.S. The Ad-
vanced Utility Simulation Model (AUSM) is document-
ed in a series of 11 reports numbered EPA-600/8-8S-
071, volumes A through K. The model forecasts emis-
sions, costs of electric generation and electric rate
schedules by year and by state. Alternative emissions
control scenarios, electricity growth rates, interest
rates, and other economic parameters can be inputted
by the model user to study their effects on electric utili-
ty construction and compliance strategies. Software
Description: The model is written in the Fortran and
TSO. CLIST programming languages for implementa-
tion on an IBM 3090 computer using the MVS-XA (VS
Fortran Compiler) operating system. Memory require-
ment is 4000K bytes.
Keywords: 'Models-Simulation, 'Electric utilities,
'United States, Electric power generation,
Rates(Cost), Air pollution, Nitrogen oxidiss, Sulfur
oxides, Forecasting, Growth, Magnetic tapes, Costs,
Emission factors, Interest rate, L=Foitran; TSO
CLIST, H = IBM-309O.
PB89-178275	Not available NTIS
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Tests of the Recallbratlon Period of a Drifting In-
strument. Final rept.,
National Bureau of Standards (NEL), Gaithersburg,
MD. Statistical Engineering Div.
W. Liggett. 1986,6p
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Pub. in Proceedings of Oceans 88, Conference
Record on National Monitoring Strategies, Washlntori,
DC., September 23-25,1988, p923-928.
The use of a drifting instrument requires that an ade-
quately short recallbratlon period be chosen. After sev-
eral periods, the calibration data can be used to test
the adequacy of the choice. The paper disctisses sta-
tistical tests of the recalibration period and applies
these tests to continuous analyzers for sulfur dioxide.
The paper presents two tests, a test of the second dif-
ferences of the calibration sequence for normality and
a test of the upper part of the spectrum for flatness.
The paper illustrates these tests with two sequences
each consisting of about fifty recalibrations of a sulfur
dioxide analyzer. Also, the power of the tests and
some approximations made in their formulation are in-
vestigated by Monte Carlo experiments.
Keywords: 'Continuous sampling, 'Samplers, *Caft-
brating, 'Statistical analysis, 'Drift(lnstrumentation),
Sulfur dioxide, Performance evaluation, Quality assur-
ance, Reliability, 'Air pollution detection, 'Air pollution
sampling.
PB89-176481	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DG.
Grants Administration Div.
Influence of Reaction Reversibility on Continu-
ous-Flow Extraction by Emulsion Liquid Mem-
brane*. Final rept.,
National Bureau of Standards (NEL), Boulder, CO
Chemical Engineering Science Div.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
D. L Reed, A. L. Bunge, and R. D. Noble. 1987,21 p
Grant EPA-R-811247
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Grants Administration Div.
Pub. in ACS (American Chemical Society) Symposium
Series 347, p62-82 1987.
The paper examines theoretically the continuous flow
extraction by emulsion globules in which the transfer-
ring solute reacts with an internal reagent. The reversi-
ble reaction model is used to predict performance.
These results are compared with advancing front cal-
culations which assume an irreversible reaction. A
simple criterion which indicates the importance of re-
action reversibility on performance is described. Calcu-
lations show that assuming an irreversible reaction can
lead to serious underdesign when low solute concen-
trations are required. For low solute concentrations an
exact analytical solution to the reversible reaction
problem is possible. For moderate solute concentra-
tions, the authors have developed an easy parameter
adjustment of the advancing front model which rea-
sonably approximates expected extraction rates.
Keywords: 'Solvent extraction, 'Mathematical
models, 'Liquid filters, 'Membranes, 'Chemical reac-
tivity, 'Chemical equilibrium, Performance evaluation,
Irreversible processes, Emulsions, Continuum me-
chanics, Reprints.
PB88-177927/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Companies that Generate Hazardous Waste and
gtiip |t Off-Site: 1987 Annual Report,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Land Pollution Control.
H. A. Wright, and E. P. Theios. Jan 89,323p* IEPA/
LPC-89/009
See also PB88-156534.
U8t of Companies located in Illinois that generate haz-
ardous waste regulated under the Resource Conser-
vation Recovery Act (RCRA) and who ship It to another
company for storage, treatment, or disposal. Included
in each company's listing is their address, telephone
number, county, ID numbers (IEPA and USEPA), and
the amount of waste shipped off-site in 1986 in both
gallons and tons. Companies are arranged by county
of location.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial wastes,
Illinois. Storage, Waste treatment, Waste disposal,
Listings.
PB09-177935/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Companies that Treat, Store, and Dispose of Haz-
ardous Waste: 1987 Annual Report,
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
analysis, Waste management, Waste recycling, Waste
utilization.
PB89-179S27/HS0	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Summary of the Third National Conference on
Household Hazardous Waste Management, Held
on November 2-4,1988 In Boston, Massachusetts.
Tufts Univ., Medford, MA. Canter for Environmental
Management.
Nov 88,328p EPA/530/SW-89/042C
See also PB89-179519.Portions of this document are
not fully legible. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The report is a compendium of presentations made at
the third annual Household Hazardous Waste Man-
agement Conference. The summaries reflect the
statements made by the speakers; they do not neces-
sarily reflect the position of the Center for Environmen-
tal Management.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Hazardous materials, Substi-
tutes, Education, Local government, Cost analysis,
Sites, Chemical compounds, Pesticides,
Laws(Jurisprudence), Regulations, Forecasting,
Tables(Data), 'Household wastes, 'Waste manage-
ment, State programs, Case studies.
PB89-179S3S/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Background Document for Second Third Wastes
to Support 40 CFR Part 268, Land Disposal Re-
strictions. Proposed Rule. Second Third Waste
Volumes, Characteristics, and Required and Avail-
able Treatment Capacity.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Dec 88,315p EPA/530/SW-89/034
See also PB88-2i3368.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The document support the proposed rule for the
second third of wastes scheduled for restriction from
land disposal. It estimates the quantities of wastes that
will require alternative treatment and recovery prior to
land disposal.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
"Earth fills, Government policies, Requirements,
Volume, Standards, Waste treatment, Recovery,
Design, Solvents, Land disposal.
PB89-179543/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washinoton DC
Office of Solid Waste.
Trial Burn Observation Guide. Final rept.,
Kearney (A.T.), Inc., Alexandria, VA.
L Vega. Mar 89, 74p EPA/530/SW-89/027
Contract EPA-68-01 -7374
Prepared in cooperation with Midwest Research Inst.,
Kansas City, MO. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The purpose of the Trial Burn Observation Guide is to
assist Regional and State regulatory staff in observing
trial burns at hazardous waste incinerators. The Guide
provides background information about such tests and
identifies other documents and personnel that can pro-
vide additional Information or assistance.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Incinerators,
'Waste disposal, 'Guidelines, Field tests, Quality as-
surance, Quality control, Sites, Performance stand-
ards, Licenses, Forms(Paper), Reviews, Experimental
design, Design criteria, Air pollution sampling, Air
samplers.
PB89-179865/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Comprehensive Research Plan; An Agreement
Commitment Report from the Chesapeake Execu-
tive Council. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Jul 88,64p*
The plan outlines a process for meeting long-term re-
search needs of the Chesapeake Bay Program. Rec-
ommendations include establishing the Research
Planning Committee as a standing committee, devel-
opment of a Chesapeake Bay research directory to be
updated annually, an annual assessment of the previ-
1282 Vol. 90, No. 24
ous year's research achievements, and an annual list-
ing of research priorities including estimates of funding
and resource requirements.
Keywords: 'Chesapeake Bay, 'Water quality, 'Water
pollution, 'Research management, Forecasting, As-
sessments, State government, Estuaries, Wildlife,
Aquatic plants, Aquatic animals, Nutrients, Water-
sheds, Ground water, Habitability, 'Chesapeake Bay
Program, 'Resource management. Comprehensive
planning, Toxic substances, Water quality manage-
ment.
PB69-179873/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Living Resources Monitoring Plan: An Agreement
Commitment Report from the Chesapeake Execu-
tive Council. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Jul 88,109p*
The plan establishes the framework for a Baywide
long-term resources monitoring program to document
the current status of living resources and their habitats
in the Chesapeake Bay, track the abundance and dis-
tribution of living resources and the quality of their
habitats over time, and examine correlations and rela-
tionships between water quality, habitat quality, and
the abundance, distribution and integrity of living re-
sources populations.
Keywords: 'Chesapeake Bay, 'Water quality, 'Aquatic
animals, 'Aquatic plants, 'Water pollution, 'Birds,
Habitability, Ecology, Toxicity, Wildlife, Data process-
ing, 'Chesapeake Bay Program, 'Resource manage-
ment, 'Environmental monitoring, Ecosystems.
PB89-179881/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Stock Assessment Plan: An Agreement Commit-
ment Report from the Chesapeake Executive
Council. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Jul 88,79p*
The plan proposes improved means of assessing
stocks of finfish and shellfish in Chesapeake Bay and
identifies data needs for stock assessment models for
Bay fisheries. Recommendations include better ways
to collect catch, effort, and biological data from com-
mercial and recreational landings, in addition to long-
term surveys for estimating relative abundance of im-
portant species in all regions of the Bay and its tributar-
ies.
Keywords: 'Inventory control, 'Chesapeake Bay,
"Fisheries, 'Fishes, 'Shellfish, 'Water quality, 'Water
pollution, Data processing, Aquatic animals, Assess-
ments, Monitoring, Population growth, State govern-
ment, Biologicaf surveys, Biostatistics, Ecology,
'Chesapeake Bay Program, 'Resource management.
PB89-179899/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Federal Work Plan: An Agreement Commitment
Report from the Chesapeake Executive Council.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Jul 88,109p*
The Workplan describes each participating Federal
agency's Bay initiatives and the current level of coordi-
nation, outlines a process for expanding that coopera-
tion, and indicates future directions for agency efforts
in support of the 1987 Bay Agreement. The plan in-
cludes projections of possible projects and programs
which may be the basis for coordinated, complementa-
ry budget proposals in the future.
Keywords: 'Chesapeake Bay, 'Environmental sur-
veys, 'Water quality, 'Water pollution, 'Government
policies, National government, Federal budgets, Wild-
life, Fishes, Soil conservation, Geological survey, Pop-
ulation growth, Forecasting, 'Chesapeake Bay Pro-
gram, 'Resource management, 'Federal assistance
programs, Interagency cooperation, Federal agencies.
PB80-179907/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Federal Facilities Strategy: An Agreement Com-
mitment Report from the Chesapeake Executive
Council. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Jul 88,50p*
The Strategy identifies Federal facilities with the po-
tential to affect the water quality and living resources
of the Chesapeake Bay and establishes a timetable for
implementation.
Keywords: 'Chesapeake Bay, 'Water quality. 'Water
pollution, 'National government, 'Aquatic plants,
'Aquatic animals, 'Wildlife, Birds, Fishes, Hazardous
materials, Nutrients, Federal Assistance programs.
State government, Fisheries, 'Federal agencies.
'Chesapeake Bay Program, 'Resource management.
Water quality management, Interagency cooperation.
PB89-179915/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Schedule for Developing Baywide R(source Man-
agement Strategies: An Agreement Commitment
Report from the Chesapeake Executive Council
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Jul 88,31 p*
Schedules development ol resource management
strategies to ensure that appropriate short- and long-
term efforts for restoration and protection are under
way Baywide. Includes target dates for developing re-
source management strategies for submerged aquatic
vegetation, tiaal and non-tidal wetlands, waterfowl, fin-
fisn, shellfish, and other ecologically-valuable species.
Keywords: 'Chesapeake Bay, 'Water pollution,
'Water quality, 'Aquatic animals, 'Aquatic plants,
'Birds, Ecology, Wetlands, Fishes, Shellfish, Habitabil-
ity, Wildlife, Population growth, 'Resource manage-
ment. 'Chesapeake Bay Program, 'Ecosystems, Re-
source conservation.
PB89-179923/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Baywide Conventional Pollutants Control Strate-
gy: An Agreement Commitment Report from the
Chesapeake Executive Council. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Jul 88,50p*
See also PB88-142823.
The strategy outlines programs under way and
planned by Bay watershed jurisdictions (Pennsylvania,
Virginia, the District of Columbia, Maryland) to address
the water quality problems caused by conventional
pollutants. It calls for a coordinated effort to improve
the quality of control programs and proposes an
annual Conventional Pollutant Working Conference to
provide an information exchange forum.
Keywords: 'Chesapeake Bay, 'Water pollution con-
trol, 'Water quality, 'Watersheds, Oxygen demand, Li-
censes, Standards, Nutrients, Agricultural engineering.
Erosion, Urban areas, Forestry, Forecasting, 'Chesa-
peake Bay Program, 'State programs. Resource
management, Water quality management,
Law(Jurisprudence), Nonpoint sources, Point sources.
Best technology.
PB89-179931/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Chesapeake Bay Baelnwlde Toxics Reduction
Strategy: An Agreement Commitment Report
from the Chesapeake Executive Council, final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Jul 8B, 37p"
See also PB84-140508.
Outlines steps to be taken to work towards a toxics-
free Chesapeake Bay by eliminating the discharge of
toxic substances from all controllable sources. Com-
mitments in the strategy are to ensure that by the year
2000 the input of toxic substances from all controllable
sources to the Chesapeake Bay wilt be reduced to
levels that result in no toxic or bioaccumulative im-
pacts on the living resources that inhabit the Bay or on
human health.
Keywords: 'Chesapeake Bay, 'Water quality, 'Water
pollution control, 'Sediments, 'Water pollution abate-
ment, State government, Wildlife, Ecology, Assess-
ments, Public nealth, Hazardous materials, Standanjg,
Aquatic animals, Aquatic plants, 'Chesapeake Bay
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ment, Comprehensive planning, Water Quality Act of
1987, Environmental monitoring, Clean Water Act of
1987.
PB89-178949/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Chesapeake Bay Baslnwide Toxica Reduction
Strategy: An Agreement Commitment Report
from the Chesapeake Executive Council. Appendi-
ces A, B, and C. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Dec 88,180p* CBP/TRS-25/88
Includes three appendices to the Chesapeake Bay Ba-
sinwide Toxics Reduction Strategy: Appendix A-Toxics
Requirements Under the 1987 Amendments to the
Clean Water Act; Appendix B-Signatory Appendices:
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Commonwealth of
Virginia, District of Columbia, State of Maryland, U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency; Appendix C-Scien-
tific and Technical Advisory Committee Toxics Re-
search Plan.
Keywords: 'Chesapeake Bay, 'Water quality, 'Water
pollution control, 'Sediments, 'Water pollution abate-
ment, State government, National government, Regu-
lations, Wildlife, Hazardous materials, Ecology,
'Chesapeake Bay Program, 'Toxic substances, 'Re-
source management, Clean Water Act of 1987, Envi-
ronmental monitoring, Water quality management,
Waste management, Laws(Jurisprudence).
PB89-1799S6/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Chesapeake Bay Wetlands Policy: An Agreement
Commitment Report from the Chesapeake Execu-
tive Council. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Dec 88,19p*
The Policy addresses the protection and restoration of
both tidal and non-tidal wetlands through several ele-
ments, each with attendant policy goals and specific
action items. The elements comprise a comprehensive
wetland protection strategy with the immediate goal of
no net-loss and the long-term goal of a net resource
gain.
Keywords: 'Chesapeake Bay, 'Water quality, 'Wet-
lands, 'Water pollution control, Wildlife, Habitabillty,
Forecasting, Flood control, Birds, Ecology, State gov-
ernment, Mapping, 'Chesapeake Bay Program, 'Re-
source management, 'Chesapeake Bay Wetlands
Policy, Water quality management, Ecosystems.
PB89-179964/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Technical Assistance and Incentives to Local
Governments. An Agreement Commitment Report
from the Chesapeake Executive Council. Final
ropt*
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Dec88,44p*
The report discusses fragile natural areas and ways In
which governments can help protect them, presents in
matrix form a listing of technical assistance and incen-
tive programs currently available to local governments,
and outlines a strategy for developing a more com-
plete and more fully integrated set of technical assist-
ance and Incentive programs.
Keywords: 'Chesapeake Bay, 'Water quality, 'Water
pollution, 'Local government, State government, Pop-
ulation growth, Land use, Education, Wetlands, Gov-
ernment policies, Tables(Data), Land development,
•Chesapeake Bay Program, 'Resource management,
'Technology assessment, State programs, Federal
expenditures, Federal assistance programs.
P0SS-179S72/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Population Growth and Development in the
Chesapeake Bay Watershed to the Year 2020: The
Report of the 2020 Panel to the Chesapeake Ex-
ecutive Council.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Dec88,81p*
Analyzes the environmental effects of population
growth upon the Bay and recommends a series of ac-
tions to concentrate development in suitable areas.
protect sensitive areas, direct growth to existing popu-
lation centers in rural areas and protect resource
areas, establish stewardship policies, conserve re-
sources, and establish development and conservation
trust funds.
Keywords: 'Chesapeake Bay, 'Population growth,
•Watersheds, 'Population migrations, 'Water quality,
Forecasting, Substitutes, State government, Demo-
graphic surveys, Land use, Land development, Rural
areas, 'Environmental effects, 'Chesapeake Bay Pro-
gram, 'Resource management, Resource conserva-
tion, Waste management.
PB89-179980/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Chesapeake Bay Watershed Development Poli-
cies and Guidelines: An Agreement Commitment
Report from the Chesapeake Executive Council.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Jan 89,37p*
Policies and guidelines Intended to guide the location,
design, construction, operation, and maintenance of
new developments in such a manner as to preserve
the quality of the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries.
Keywords: 'Chesapeake Bay, 'Watersheds, 'Guide-
lines, 'Water quality, 'Water pollution, 'Land develop-
ment, Sites, Design criteria, Operation, Maintenance,
State government, Wildlife, Aquatic plants, Aquatic
animals, Education, Nutrients, Hydrology, Regulations,
National government, 'Chesapeake Bay Program,
'Resource management, Toxic substances,
Laws(Jurisprudence), Environmental monitoring.
PB89-180053/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Alr/Superfund National Technical Outdance Study
Series, Volums 2. Estimation of Baseline Air Emis-
sion at Superfund Sites. Interim rept.(Final).
Radian Corp., Sacramento, CA.
Jan 89,246p EPA/450/1-89/002
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The volume is one in a series of manuals prepared for
EPA to assist its Remedial Project Managers in the as-
sessment of the air contaminant pathway and develop-
ing input data for risk assessment. The manual
(Volume II) provides guidance on developing baseline
emission estimates from hazardous waste sites. Base-
line emission estimates (BEEs) are defined as emis-
sion rates estimated for a site in its undisturbed state.
Specifically the manual is intended to: Present a proto-
col for selecting the appropriate level of effort to char-
acterize baseline air emissions; Assist site managers
in designing an approach for BEEs; Describe useful
technologies for developing site-specific baseline
emission estimates (BEEs); Help site managers select
the appropriate technologies for generating site-spe-
cific BEEs.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Air pollution,
'Waste disposal, Manuals, Management planning, As-
sessments, Earth fills, Lagoons(Land forms), Mathe-
matical models, Dust, Concentration(Composition),
'Superfund program, 'Risk assessment, 'Path of pol-
lutants, "Baseline studies, 'Air pollution sampling,
Baseline measurements, Land disposal, Case studies,
Soil gases.
PB89-180061/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Alr/Superfund National Technical Guidance Study
Series, Volume 3. Estimation of Air Emissions
from Cleanup Activities at Superfund Sites. Interim
rept. (Final).
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Jan 89,249p EPA/450/1 -89/003
See also PB89-180053. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection" —	•
of Air
ction Agency, Re
Quality Planning
Triangle Park, NC. Office
and Standards.
The manual was developed concurrently with three re-
lated manuals that also address air issues arising from
hazardous waste sites. The overall goal of the program
is to develop guidelines for predicting and/or measur-
ing air emissions during remedial activities. For the
preliminary version of the manual, the objectives were
to: Present a protocol for estimating air emissions from
remedial activities at NPL sites; Identify existing data
gaps or limitations in the protocol; Provide guidance for
collecting data to estimate or confirm air emissions.
Field studies are scheduled to address one of the data
gaps that has been identified. A revised version of the
manual will be published subsequent to the research.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Air pollution con-
trol, Manuals, Field tests, Incineration, Ground water,
Strippers, Venting, Soil analysis, Stabilization, Solidifi-
cation, 'Path of pollutants, 'Baseline measurements,
"Superfund program, 'Emission factors, 'Remedial
actions, Fugitive emissions, Air quality, Point sources,
Area sources.
PB89-180467/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 200: Hexythlazox.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
13 Apr 89,10p EPA/540/FS-89/047
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on hexythlazox. A Fact Sheet is
issued after one of the following actions has occurred:
issuance or reissuance of a registration standard; issu-
ance of each special review document; registration of
a significantly changed use pattern; registration of a
new chemical; an immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Acaricides, Hazardous mate-
rials, Chemical properties, Regulations, Toxicology,
Ecology, Agricultural products, Chlorinated aromatic
hydrocarbons, Phenylamines, Thiazoles, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Hexythiazox, Path of pollutants, Chemical in-
formation fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings,
CAS 78587-05-0.
PB89-180475/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheets Number 196: Imazethapyr.
New Chemical Registration.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
8 Mar 89,11 p EPA-540/FS-89/038
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on Imazethapyr. A Fact Sheet is
issued after one of the following actions has occurred:
Issuance or reissuance of a registration standard; issu-
ance of each special review document; registration of
a significantly changed use pattern; registration of a
new chemical; or an immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Herbicides, Hazardous mate-
rials, Chemical properties, Regulations, Toxicology,
Ecology, Agricultural products, Pyridines, Imidazoles,
'Imazethapyr, Path of pollutants, Chemical information
fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings.
PB89-180483/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Assessment of National and Regional Acid Depo-
sition Precursor Emission Trends. Rept. for Oct 86-
Mar 87 (Final),
Pechan (E.H.j and Associates, Inc., Springfield, VA.
J. H. Wilson, E. H. Pechan, and K. Graves. Mar 89,
136p* EPA/600/8-89/042
Contract EPA-68-02-3997
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of an analysis of national and
regional acid deposition precursor emission trends, in-
volving SOx, NOx, and VOCs. While the focus Is on
emissions during 1980-1985, comparisons are made
(for perspective) with emission trends for 1940-1980.
Study methods Integrated data from the U.S. EPA's
national emission trends reports, state and regional
activity indicators, and plant level data for electric utili-
ties and copper smelters. For 1980-1985, all three pol-
lutants showed both annual declines and increases.
For a longer term, emission trends can be divided into
three periods: (1) 1940 to the mid-1970s, when emis-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sions increased in proportion to fuel use and the GNP;
(2) the late 1970s to the early 1980s, the emissions
control era, when Clean Air Act programs produced a
downward trend for all pollutants except NOx as the
economy continued growing; and (3) since 1980, when
relationships between emissions and the economy,
fuel use, and regulations are making it more difficult to
predict emissions in future years.
Keywords: "National government, *Air pollution,
•Sulfur oxides, 'Nitrogen oxides, Trends, Assess-
ments, Forecasting, Comparison, Sources, Exhaust
emissions, Combustion products, Electric power
plants, Smelters, 'Regional analysis, 'Acid rain, 'Vola-
tile organic compounds, Copper smelters.
PB89-180822/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Evaluation of a FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectrometer) Mobile Source Measurement
System. Status rept.,
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. E. Sigsby, A. McArver, and R. Snow. Apr 89,45p
EPA/600/3-89/036
Contract EPA-68-02-4443
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
An initial evaluation was made of a prototype Fourier
transform infrared spectrometer on its ability to meas-
ure mobile source emissions. This prototype repre-
sents the commercialization of research technology
developed by the Ford Motor Co. The system utilizes a
Mattson Instruments Co. interferometer coupled to a
Masscomp computer. The required software is still in-
complete. This has resulted in the inability to correct
errors or optimize results. Unreliability of both hard-
ware and software has been a major shortcoming of
the system. When operating properly, the system
measures carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, and formalde-
hyde accurately, both when compared to bag analysis
and on direct point-by-point comparisons with real-
time data. Completion of the evaluation awaits the final
software translations and improvements in reliability.
Keywords: 'Infrared	spectroscopy, 'Motor vehicles,
'Exhaust emissions, 'Gas analysis. Chemical analy-
sis, Performance	evaluation, Design criteria,
Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), Carbon dioxide, Form-
aldehyde, Nitrogen	oxide(NO), 'Fourier transform
spectrometers, Air pollution detection, Computer
aided analysis.
PB80-18O83O/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Community Relation* in Superfund: A Handbook
(Interim Version),
ICF, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
V. Musgrave. Jun 88,190p EPA/540/G-88/002,,
OSWER DIRECTIVE-9230.0-3B
Contract EPA-68-01-7389
See also PB84-209378. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Emer-
gency and Remedial Response.
The purpose of the handbook is to provide (1) policy
requirements for coordinating community regulations
activities at Sueprfund sites and (2) additional tech-
niques and guidance that can be used to supplement
and enhance the basic requirements for community re-
lations. As such, the present handbook is a thorough
revision of an interim version issued in September
1983. New material has been added, and existing ma-
terial has been rewritten to incorporate new public par-
ticipation requirements of SARA, and EPA policies
issued since 1983. The overall aim has been to reflect
additional years of experience in conducting communi-
ty relations activities at Superfund sites throughout the
nation. While this experience has confirmed the value
of the Superfund community relations program, it also
has provided considerable insight, often based on trial-
and-error, about which approaches and activities are
more useful, and which may be less so.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Handbooks, 'Com-
munity relations, Solid waste disposal, National gov-
ernment, Urban areas, Public opinion, Assessments,
'Superfund program.
PB89-180921/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Development of a Vortex Containment Combustor
for Coal Combustion Systems. Rept. for Jan 80-
Dec 83 (Final),
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
J. F. LaFond, M. P. Heap, W. R. Seeker, and T. J.
Tyson. Mar 89,120p EPA/600/7-89/003
Contract EPA-68-02-3633
See also DE88016249. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report describes the development of a vortex con-
tainment combustor (VCC) for coal combustion sys-
tems, designed to solve major problems facing the
conversion of oil- and gas-fired boilers to coal (e.g., de-
rating, inorganic impurities in coal, and excessive for-
mation of NOx and SOx). The system would: have a
high firing density, separate and retain fly ash, and be
adaptable to viable pollution control technologies. An
extensive literature review and tests of two candidate
isothermal systems preceded the design and con-
struction of a bench-scale VCC. Coal combustion tests
were performed on the VCC to evaluate its perform-
ance in terms of ash retention efficiency, coal burnout,
combustion stability, and slag and ash deposition. Re-
sults were veiy promising for both retention efficiency
and combustion stability. Fuel injector modifications
improved internal slag deposition conditions while
maintaining acceptable carbon burnout levels. NOx
control by staging and reburning technologies was
evaluated in the VCC, along with sorbent injection for
the control of S02 emissions. Both staging and reburn-
ing were effective in reducing NOx emissions in the
VCC. Improvements in the sorbent injection approach
are required to obtain an acceptable degree of S02 re-
duction. Based on particle force balance expressions,
scaling criteria have been established for the VCC.
Keywords: "Combustors, 'Coal, Combustion cham-
bers, Design, Efficiency, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur
oxides, Engineering drawings, Air pollution control,
Boilers, Models, Fuel substitution, Performance tests.
PB89-161093/HSU	CP D01
Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) Receptor Model
(Veralon 6.0) (for Microcomputers). Model-Simula-
tion,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Q. T. Nguyen. 20 Jul 87,1 diskette* EPA/SW/DK-89/
033
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskette,
double density (360K), compatible with the IBM PC
microcomputer. The diskettes are in the ASCII format.
Price includes documentation, PB89-181101.
The Chemical Mass Balance (Version 6.0) Receptor
Model uses the chemical composition of an ambient
particulate sample to estimate the relative contribu-
tions of different source categories to the measured
particulate concentration. The chemical composition
of each source category's emissions (source profile)
must also be known in order to run the model. Soft-
ware Description: The software is written in the Fortran
77 language for use on an IBM-PC or compatible ma-
chine using MS-DOS 2.0+ operating system. The
system will operate with 320K memory.
Keywords: 'Models-Simulation, 'Air pollution, Chemi-
cal composition, Least squares method, Linear regres-
sion, Diskettes, 'Particulate sampling, Particulates,
L=Fortran 77, H=IBM PC.
PB89-181101/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Receptor Model Technical Series, Volume 3 (Re-
vised). CMB (Chemical Mass Balance) Model
User's Manual (Version 6.0),
PEI Associates, Inc., Durham, NC.
K. Axetell, and J. G. Watson. May 87,84p* EPA/450/
4-83/014R, EPA/SW/DK-89/033A
Contract EPA-68-02-3890, Grant EPA-CX-813087
For system on diskette, see PB89-181093. See also
PB83-264622, and PB87-206496. Prepared in coop-
eration with Nevada Univ. System, Reno. Desert Re-
search Inst Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards.
The Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) Model uses the
chemical composition of an ambient particulate
sample to estimate the relative contributions of differ-
ent source categories to the measured particulate con-
centration. The manual describes Version 6.0 of the
CMB Receptor Model. It is designed to allow persons
to use the CMB Model constructively with only a few
hours learning time. The manual covers primarily the
mechanical aspects of running the model. The manual
is intended for wide use by state and local air pollution
control agency personnel in developing State Imple-
mentation Plans (SIPs) for PM(10).
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Chemical composition, Least
squares method, Linear regression, Tables(Data),
Documentation, 'Particulate sampling, User
manuals(Computer programs).
PB89-181218/HSU	PC A03/MF AQ1
Regional Analysis of Wet Deposition for Effect*
Research. Project rept.,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
R. Vong, S. Cline, G. Reams, J. Bernert, and D.
Charles. Feb 89,48p EPA/600/3-89/030
Prepared in cooperation with Oregon State Univ., Cor-
vallis, NSI Technology Services Corp., CorvaHis, OR.,
Indiana Univ. at Bloomington, and Colorado State
Univ., Fort Collins.
The basis for regional analysis of precipitation amount,
concentration and deposition is investigated. When
performing such a spatial analysis, key issues are the
data selection, data compositing, the interpolation
technique, and the uncertainty of the results. Sources
of data on precipitation amount and chemical compo-
sition are presented along with procedures for screen-
ing the chemical data. A review of recent work reveals
that different scientists select different data sets and
that data selection plays an important role In the result-
ing maps. Important issues in data preprocessing In-
clude temporal resolution, data stratification Into geo-
graphic regions, and choosing between direct and indi-
rect methods for interpolating wet deposition. Avail-
able spatial interpolation techniques are discussed.
The geostatistlcal technique, kriging, is discussed in
detain to allow other researchers the benefit of previ-
ous applications to precipitation chemistry. Procedures
for generating and checking uncertainty estimates are
discussed.
Keywords: *Precipitation(Meteorology), 'Data proc-
essing, 'Spatial distribution, 'Air pollution. Forestry,
Limnology, Interpolation, Concentration(Compositioro,
Acidity, Hydrogen, Ammonia, Calcium, Inorganic ni-
trates, Sulfates, Ecology, Comparison, Cations, Mete-
orological charts, Statistical data, 'Wet methods, 'Re-
gional analysis, 'Acid rain, 'Kriging, Environmental
monitoring.
PB89-181226/HSU
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Ti
Research
sessment Lab.
PC A04/MF A01
_ esearch Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Characterization of Painted Surfaces In the United
States from the Perspective of Potential Damage
from Acidic Deposition,
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
F. W. lipfert. Apr 89,56p EPA/800/3-89/040
Grant EPA-R-814375
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research
Exposure Assessment Lab.
. Re-
and
Data on the types and applications of exterior paints
used in the United States are reviewed from the per-
spective of potential damage by air pollution or acidic
deposition. Although both new construction and main-
tenance painting are economically important, the mora
difficult conditions involved in painting over existing fin-
ishes make this an important class for research. The
most important mode of paint failure appears to be
peeling, which in its various manifestations account*
for about half of residential paint problems. Such prob-
lems often occur within two to three years after paint-
ing. Although chalking and erosion have bean ob-
served, their roles in decisions to repaint are lees ap-
parent. Paints containing acid-sensitive components
may be found in today s retail market at all prtoe
ranges, especially oil-based glossy paints. The report
recommends that selections of coatings and sub-
strates tor acid deposition research should include
both those combinations that are widely used (latex
over wood and over previous paint) and that are r
-------
tive to acid deposition (paints containing CaC03; alkyd
over steel).
Keywords: "Paints, 'United States, 'Sulfuric acid, 'Air
pollution, 'Residential buildings, 'Weathering, Surface
properties, Damage, Deposition, Cost analysis, Alkyd
resins, Latex, Wood, Chalking, Calcium carbonates,
Drying oils, Peeling, GraphsfCharts), Tables(Data),
PB89-181234/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Waste
Minimization Research Program: An Overview,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
J. S. Bridges. 1689,14p EPA/600/D-89/013
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
established a waste minimization research program
within the Office of Research and Development's Risk
Reduction Engineering Laboratory which is the primary
contact for pollution prevention research efforts con-
centrating on source reduction and recycling. The
paper provides an overview of the Waste Minimization
Branch's research programs and to discuss the
progress of specific projects. Through four major pro-
gram areas, the Branch identifies and evaluates rele-
vant production operations and waste management
practices, demonstrates waste reduction techniques
and technologies, designs and tests prototypes of
waste management systems, performs model waste
minimization assessments for public and private pollu-
tion prevention operation, and participates in a variety
of technology transfer activities.
Keywords: 'Solid wastes, 'Liquid wastes, Hazardous
materials, State government, Local government, Na-
tional government, 'Pollution abatement, 'Waste
management, 'Research management, Waste recy-
cling, Project planning, Waste Reduction Innovative
Technology, Waste Reduction Evaluations at Federal
Sites, Wastes Reduction Assessments Program,
Waste Minimization Information Clearinghouse.
PBM-181242/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Evaluation of New In-Faceplece Sampling Proce-
dures for Full and Half Facepleces. Interim rept.
(Final) 1 Jan 86-30 Sep 88,
West Virginia Univ., Morgantown. Dept. of Industrial
pLkps, and R. W. Hornung. Apr 89,47p EPA/
600/2-89/014
prepared in cooperation with National Inst, for Occu-
pational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH. Div. of Sur-
veillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati,
OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The research report represents important information
on whether the current technique of in-facepiece sam-
pling provides representative samples of airoorne con-
taminants from within the facepiece cavity of negative
pleasure half and full-facepiece respirators. The ade-
quacy of in-facepiece sampling methodology Is impor-
tant for assessments, mandated by the Toxic Sub-
stances Control Act, and conducted by EPA's Office of
Toxic substances (OTS), of the level of respiratory pro-
tection that can be provided to workers engaged In the
proposed manufacture of new chemical substances.
Vhe precision and bias associated with five different
methods of sampling for inboard penetration through
three areas on the face seal of full and half facepiece
negative pressure respirators were determined. The
sampling procedures identified and evaluated in the
study were: (1) a continuous, low sampling rate, flush,
mid nose-mouth probing (CLF) procedure; (2) a contin-
uous, high sampling rate, deep front-of-mouth probing
(CHD) procedure; (3) a pulse exhalation, high sampling
rata, deep front-of-mouth probing (PED) procedure; (4)
an exhalation valve discharge (EVD) procedure; and
(5) a pulsed inhalation, high sampling rate, deep front-
of-mouth probing (PID) procedure. The CLF procedure
Is ueed to represent current in-facepiece sampling
practice in the U.S. Evaluations were conducted on
nine models of full facepiece respirators not equipped
with nose cups. The bias observed with each method
was found to be affected, to some extent, by the loca-
tion of the face seal penetration.
Keywords; 'Sampling, 'Respirators, 'Oxygen masks,
'Oman criteria, 'Breathing apparatus, Error analysis,
Bias, leakage, Particle sizes, Air flow, Experimental
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
design, Continuous sampling, Industrial hygiene,
'Toxic substances, 'Occupational safety and health.
PB89-181259/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Materials Asrometrlc Database for Use In Devel-
oping Materials Damage Functions,
Computer Sciences Corp., Research Triangle Park,
NC.
R. T. Tang, P. M. Barlow, and P. Waldruff. Apr 89,29p
EPA/600/3-89/031
Contract EPA-68-01-7365
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
Meteorological and air quality data acquired at field ex-
posure sites have been accumulated into the Materials
Aerometric Database (MAD). The National Acid Pre-
cipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP) will use the
MAD to develop damage functions for materials ex-
posed at the sites; these functions then will be used in
preparing NAPAP integrated assessment reports to
Congress. The MAD data cover as many as six and a
half years at five materials exposure sites in the east-
ern United States. Conservative techniques based on
secondary-site data, regression predictions, and other
information have been applied to the MAD to enhance
the quality and usability of the database.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Materials tests,
'Meteorological data, Air pollution, Corrosion tests.
Exposure, Statistical analysis, Fouling, Weathering,
'Air pollution effects(Matenals), 'Materials Aerometric
Database, 'Air quality data. Eastern Region(United
States).
PB89-181267/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Impact of Aging on Cardiovascular Function and
Reactivity,
Northrop services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
C. Lau. Apr 89,45p EPA/600/D-89/076
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
It is generally thought that senescence In mammals is
accompanied by an overall decline in functional integri-
ty of the organiam and its ability to adapt to various en-
vironmental challenges. A considerable body of evi-
dence has shown that in both human and laboratory
animals, advancing age produces a number of signifi-
cant alterations in the neart and circulatory hemodyna-
mics. These include cardiac hypertrophy, alterations in
heart rate and contraction duration, toss of arterial wall
elasticity, elevated blood pressure and altered respon-
sivity to a host of physiologic and pharmacologic stim-
uli. Because of these findings, a fundamental issue of
concern arises as to whether the cardiovascular
system of an elderly individual is at an increased risk to
toxic insults derived from drugs and hazardous envi-
ronmental compounds. The report addresses this par-
ticular issue and provides an overview of the current
research findings.
Keywords: 'Cardiovascular system, 'Heart,
Tolerances(Physiology), Vulnerability, Bibliographies,
Toxicity, Blood pressure, Arteries, Physiology, 'Aging,
'Elderly persons, Heart rate, Toxic substances. Risk
assessment, Hemodynamics.
PB89-18127S/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Technological Progress in Reducing CFC (Chloro-
fluorocarbon) and Halon Emissions,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
N. D. Smith, and P. S. Shapiro. Apr 89,13p EPA/600/
D-89/074
The paper discusses EPA's development of a techno-
logical program to implement in the U.S. the Montreal
Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.
EPA's Office of Air and Radiation (OAR) has the lead
tar developing the technical and economic goals of the
program, and EPA's Office of Research and Develop-
ment (ORD) has the lead in providing technical support
to meet the goals, including both short-term projects
and long-term research. EPA's strategy is to target the
halon and high chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-uslng indus-
tries or industry subgroups to identify opportunities to
reduce CFC and halon usage and find alternatives.
When such opportunities are found, cooperative indus-
try/government groups are formed to identify and
solve the problems that impede transition away from
CFC and halon usage. Other groups (including aca-
demic, non-profit research institutes, other govern-
ment agencies, and foreign individuals or groups) are
invited to join in the effort if they have a special exper-
tise or interest. Identifying the high-use industry sec-
tors and subsectors is not difficult; however, identifying
appropriate industries, individuals, and groups who are
willing to influence industry usage of CFCs is not easy.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Ozone, 'Industrial
wastes, 'Air pollution abatement, 'Chlorohydrocar-
bons, 'Bromohydrocarbons, 'Research management
Fluorohydrocarbons, Utilization, Forecasting, Project
planning, Foam, Metal cleaning, Fire fighting, Electron-
ic equipment. Chemical industry. Aircraft industry,
Automotive industry, 'Atmospheric chemistry, 'Halon,
'Stationary sources, Interagency cooperation.
PB89-181283/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Examples of Biological Waste Minimization Tech-
nology,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
J. A. G laser. Apr 89,10p EPA/600/D-89/073
The use of biological means to treat waste has been a
mainstay of industrial and municipal wastewater treat-
ment technology. Recovery of waste materials or con-
version to other economically useful forms of commer-
cial products has provoked considerable scrutiny but
few genuine commercial processes. This lapse of ap-
plication is partially attributable to the changing knowl-
edge base supporting such ventures and the econom-
ic recovery of development costs. The increasing cost
of materials and the enforcement of environmental
legislation has paved the way for a renewed interest in
biological technology that offers both a recovery of
unused resources and a general reduction of waste ef-
fluents.
Keywords: 'Biological agents, 'Solid wastes, Cost
analysis, Agricultural wastes, Biomass, Fuels, Flavor,
Paper industry, Pulping, Wood wastes, 'Pollution
abatement, ^Biotechnology, 'Waste utilization,
'Waste recycling, Whey.
PB89-181291/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Area Sources of VOC (Volatile Organic Com-
pounds) Emissions and Their Contribution to Tro-
pospherlc Ozone Concentrations. Rept. for Jul 88-
Mar89.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
1989.,19p* EPA/600/D-89/075
The paper quantifies the importance of area sources to
total volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, re-
views components of EPA/AEERL's non-attainment
program, discusses the status of emission control or
prevention for several area sources, and reviews some
of the regulatory strategies being implemented or con-
sidered by state and local air pollution agencies. In
1988, several projects were undertaken by AEERL to
develop a greater understanding of the contribution to
the ozone problem by area sources of VOCs. These in-
clude studies related to specific sources of VOCs,
identification of consumer/commercial product control
options, and determination of the regional/seasonal
variations in emissions. In each study, available
sources of information have been used to develop pri-
orities for the sources of emissions contributing to the
ozone non-attainment problem. Sources of data in-
clude the technical literature, contacts in industry and
elsewhere in the EPA, and surveys conducted by vari-
ous trade organizations.
Keywords: 'Troposphere, 'Ozone, 'Air pollution con-
trol, Evaporation, Aerosols, Solvents, Reviews, Coat-
ings, Plastics, Rubber industry, Dry cleaning, Local
government, Degreasing, Automobile bodies, Graphic
arts, State government, 'Volatile organic compounds,
'Area sources, 'Air pollution abatement, Fugitive
emissions, Stationary sources, Mobile sources, Pollu-
tion regulations.
PB89-181309/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Ken Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Gas Chromatographic Determination of Aviation
Gasoline and JP-4 Jet Fuel In Subsurface Core
Samples (Journal Version). Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Ada, OK.
S. A. Vandegrift, and D. H. Kampbell. 1988,6p* EPA/
600/J-88/271
Contract EPA-68-03-3315
Pub. in Jnl. of Chromatographic Science, v26 p566-
569 Nov 88. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environ-
mental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
A new gas chromatographic procedure for quantifying
levels of aviation gasoline (avgas) and JP-4 jet fuel
contamination in soils is described. The fuel is extract-
ed from a small quantity of soil or subsurface material,
typically about 6 g, using 3 mL of methylene chloride.
The extract is analyzed by wide-bore capillary column
gas chromatography with flame ionization detection.
Advantages of the method are a short analysis time of
20 minutes, the use of small amounts of solvent, de-
tection limit in the low parts-per-million range, and de-
termination of the type of fuel contamination (i.e. avgas
or jet fuel) by the chromatographic pattern or 'finger-
print.' (Copyright (c) 1988.)
Keywords: *Gas chromatography, 'Contamination,
•Soils, "Solvent extraction, Methodology, Chlorometh-
anes, Chemical analysis, Jet engine fuels, Aviation
fuels, Reprints.
PB89-181317/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Nitric Acid Shootout: Field Comparison of Meas-
urement Methods (Journal Version). Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
S. V. Hering, I. Allegrini, A. Febo, C. Perrino, and J. E.
Sickles. C1988,23p EPA/600/J-88/218
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v22 n8 p1519-1539
1988. Prepared in cooperation with California Univ.,
Los Angeles. Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome (Italy), and Research
Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Eighteen instruments for measuring atmospheric con-
centrations of nitric acid were compared in an eight-
day field study at Pomona College, situated in the east-
01 the Los Angeles Basin, in September
1®85. The study design Included collocated and sepa-
rated duplicate samplers, and the analysis by each lab-
oratory of a set of quality assurance filters, so that the
experimental variability could be distinguished from dif-
ferences due to measurement methods. For all sam-
pling periods, the values for nitric acid concentrations
reported by the different instruments vary by as much
as a factor of four. Overall, the highest reported con-
centrations are observed with the filter packs and
lower concentrations are observed by the annular den-
uders and tunable diode laser absorption spectrom-
eters. When the nitric acid concentrations are high
enough to be detected by the FTIR, the FTIR values
are close to those obtained by the denuder difference
method and to the mean value from the other sampler
groups. In the absence of a reference standard for the
entire study, measurement methods are compared to
the average of four denuder difference method sam-
plers (DDM). (Copyright (c) 1988 Pergamon Press pic.)
Keywords: 'Nitric add, 'Measuring instruments,
'Samplers, Tables(Data), Field tests, Comparison,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Quality assur-
ance, Quality control, Concentration(Composition), In-
frared spectroscopy, Reprints, 'Air pollution sampling,
Denuder spectrometers, Laser spectroscopy, Fourier
transform spectrometers.
PB89-181325/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Modified Purge-and-Trap/Qas Chromatography
Method for Analysis of Volatile Halocarbons In Mi-
crobiological Degradation Studies (Journal Ver-
sion). Journal article,
Northrop Services, Inc., Ada, OK.
J. W. Cochran, M. V. Yates, and J. M. Hanson. c1988,
10p* EPA/600/J-88/276
Contract EPA-68-03-3315
Pub. in Jnl. of Microbiological Methods, v8 r>6 p347-
354 Nov 88. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environ-
mental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
A modification of a purge-and-trap unit is describedI for
use in microbiological studies concerning ctegradation
of aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons (nalocartwns).
Sealed serum tubes containing bacteria, aqueous
medium, headspace, and volatile halocarbons are
used as purge vessels to monitor the disappearance of
the halocarbons. Data are presented to show the loss
of volatile halocarbons that occurred when these sys-
tems were analyzed by standard purge-and-trap. An
application of this method is shown with methane-uti-
lizing bacteria. The modified purge-and-trap method
resulted in a total measurement of halocarbons in the
sample without making a transfer to a separate purge
vessel. (Copyright (c) Elsevier Science Publishers B.v.
Biomedical Division.)
Keywords: 'Purging, 'Traps, 'Volatility, 'Halohydro-
carbons, 'Gas chromatography, 'Water pollution,
'Water analysis, Equipment, Microbiology, Bacteria,
Degradation, Methane, Measurement, Ground water,
Contamination, Reprints.
PB89-181333/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Sorption of Cd, Ni and Zn by Kaolinlte and Mont-
morlllonite Suspensions (Journal Version). Journal
article,
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
R. W. Puis, and H. L. Bohn. C1988, 7p EPA/600/J-88/
270
Pub. in Soil Science Society of America Jnl. v52 n5
p1289-1292 Sep/Oct 88. Prepared in cooperation with
Arizona Univ., Tucson. Dept. of Soil and Water Sci-
ence.
Sorption is the predominant process governing metal
ion movement in soils and includes the following physi-
cal and chemical mechanisms: adsorption, precipita-
tion and absorption. The research attempts to use the
Hard-Soft Acid-Base Principle to explain sorption se-
lectivity of the metal cations Cd, Ni and Zn by kaolinite
and montmorillonite clays. The hard-soft character of
the clay surfaces, which is due to their surface func-
tional groups, may be inferred by cation sorption selec-
tivity experiments where pH and complex ion formation
are controlled and monitored. Calcium saturated clays
were suspended in Ca(CI04)2, CaCI2 or CaS04 and
spikes of the above metals as divalent cations were
added and their reactivity assessed within the frame-
work of the HSAB Principle. For kaolinite in Ca(CI04)2,
metal sorption followed the sequence Cd > Zn > Ni.
For montmorillonite in Ca(CI04)2, metal sorption fol-
lowed the sequence Cd approximately = Zn > Ni. In
CaCI2 and CaS04, the selectivity was different due to
the presence of Cl(-) and S04(2-) ions which compet-
ed with the mineral surfaces for the divalent metal ca-
tions. (Copyright (c) 1988, Soil Society of America.)
Keywords: 'Adsorption, 'Cadmium, 'Nickel, "Zinc,
'Clay minerals, Acidity, Kaolinite, Montmorillonite, Ca-
tions, pH, Perchlorates, Metals, Calcium chlorides,
Calcium sulfates, Suspending(Mixing), Reprints.
PB89-181341/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Sampling of Reactive Atmospheric Species by
Transition-Flow Reactor. Application to Nitrogen
Species (Journal Version). Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmoapheric Sciences Research Lab.
T. G. Ellestad, and K. T. Knapp. 1988,9p EPA/600/J-
88/217
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v22 n8 p1595-1600
1988.
Concentrations of nitric acid vapor and fine particulate
nitrate were measured at the 1985 Nitrogen Species
Methods Comparison Study at Claremont, California
with a transition-flow reactor, which separates the
gases and particles by differential diffusion in a transi-
tion-flow stream and avoids sampling artifacts for
these reactive species.
Keywords: 'Nitric acid, 'Inorganic nitrates, 'Samplers,
'Transition flow, 'Gas analysis, 'Particles, Fines,
Concentration(Composition), Exhaust emissions,
Combustion products, Chemical analysis, Design crite-
ria, Performance evaluation, Error analysis, Reprints,
'Air pollution sampling, 'Air samplers, 'Air pollution
detection, 'Stationary sources.
PB89-181358/HSU
PC A03/MF A01
Pub. in Jnl. of Hazardous Materials, v18 p37-67 1988.
Prepared in cooperation with Cambridge Univ. (Eng-
land).
The basic nature of the transport and dispersion of a
dense gas plume in the simulated atmospheric bound-
ary layer of a wind tunnel was investigated both in flat
terrain and over a ramp. Measurements were made of
the concentration fields downstream of ground-level,
circular sources. These measurements consisted of
longitudinal ground-level, vertical, and crosswind pro-
files at various distances downwind. Both neutrally
buoyant (air) and negatively buoyant (C02) source
gases were used so that the specific effects of the
density difference could be observed. Similarly, meas-
urements were made in both flat terrain and over the
ramp (14 degree slope followed by an elevated pla-
teau) so that specific effects of the terrain could be ob-
served. The resulting dense plume was significantly
wider in the lateral direction and much narrower in the
vertical direction, yet the longitudinal ground-level con-
centration profile downwind was essentially identical
to that from the neutral plume. The lateral profiles of
the neutral plumes were essentially Gaussian in char-
acter, whereas the dense gas plumes exhibited top-hat
distributions. The net effect of the ramp on the dense
gas plume was a small reduction in ground-level con-
centration, which was quite similar to that of the neu-
tral plume. (Copyright (c) 1988 Elsevier Science Pub-
lishers B.V.)
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Gas flow, 'Plumes, 'Fluid
mechanics, DensityjMass/Volume), Ramps,
Graphs(Charts), Wind tunnels, Carbon dioxide. Buoy-
ancy, Measurement, Gas dynamics, Reprints.
PB89-181366/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Evaluation of the Potential Carcinogenicity of
Lead and Lead Compounds: In Support of Report-
able Quantity Adjustments Pursuant to CERCLA
(Comprehensive Environmental Response, Com-
pensation, and Liability Act) Section 102. Draft
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
Mar 89,142p EPA/600/8-89/045A
Information on the potential carcinogenicity of lead
and lead compounds is summarized and evaluated.
The human studies provide suggestive evidence of
carcinogenicity, but, because of confounding expo-
sures to other carcinogens and the lack of measure-
ments of lead exposure, are inadequate to prove or
disprove carcinogenicity. Numerous long-term animal
studies, using several different forms of lead and
routes of exposure, provide sufficient evidence. This
combination of evidence, together with information
from short-term tests, other toxic effects, and pharma-
cokinetic properties, yields a classification of lead and
lead compounds as probably human carcinogen.
Group B2. No specific cancer potency has been esti-
mated for lead. Many factors Influence lead-Induced
cancer, creating difficulties in selecting an appropriate
measure of dose. Cross-species pharmacokinetic
models are needed before the animal studiea can be
used to estimate a human cancer potency. Because It
has been relatively high concentrations of lead that
have increased the Incidence of cancer in animals. It
seems appropriate to characterize the cancer potency
of lead as low, placing lead in potency Group 3.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), 'Carcinogens, 'Environmen-
tal surveys, Antineoplastic agents, Exposure, Labora-
tory animals, Toxicology, Plumbers, Chemical industry
Electric batteries, Public health, Epidemiology, lndu£
trial hygiene, Smelters, 'Lead compounds, *Risk as-
sessment, 'Occupational safety and health, Pharma-
cokinetics.
PB8S-181374/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Supplement to the 1986 EPA (Environmental Pro-
tection Agency) Air Quality Criteria for Lead -
Volume 1, Addendum (pages A1-A87). Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trianc
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Asseasmc
Office.
Fluid Modeling of Dense Qas Dispersion over a
Ramp (Journal Version). Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
R. E. Britter, and W. H. Snyder. c1988,33p EPA/600/
J-88/126
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ed health effects and potential risks. An Addendum
(1986) to that document focuses on additional, newer
studies concerning the effects of lead on cardiovascu-
lar function and on early physical and neurobehavioral
development. The present Supplement to the above
materials evaluates further still newer information
emerging in the published literature concerning (1)
lead effects on blood pressure and other cardiovascu-
lar endpoints and (2) the effects of lead exposure
during pregnancy or early postnatally on birth out-
comes and/or the neonatal physical and neuropsy-
chological development of affected children. The eval-
uations contained in the Supplement and the 1986 Cri-
teria Document and Addendum are to serve as scien-
tific inputs to decisionmaking with regard to review and
revision, as appropriate, of the National Ambient Air
Quality Standards (NAAQS) for Lead.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), "Air pollution, 'Public health,
Chemical analysis, Exposure, Toxicology,
Tables(Data), Blood pressure, 'Air quality, 'Air pollu-
tion effects(Humans).
PB8B-181382/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Forced-Gradient Tracer Tests and Inferred Hy-
draulic Conductivity Distributions at the Mobile
Site (Journal Version). Journal article,
Auburn Univ., AL. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
F J. Molz, O. Guven, J. G. Melville, J. S. Nohrstedt,
and J. K. Overholtzer. c1988,13p EPA/600/J-88/25S
Grant EPA-R-810704
Pub. in Ground Water, v26 n5 p570-579 Sep/Oct 88.
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
Four single-well tracer tests and a two-well tracer test
performed in a 21 -m thick confined granular aquifer at
a field site near Mobile, Alabama are described. The
data from these tests together with previously pub-
lished data from a single-well test and a two-well test
allow one to begin to develop a three-dimensional pic-
ture of the hydraulic properties of the study aquifer. A
consistent feature of all the tests is a high hydraulic
conductivity zone which appears in the bottom third of
the aquifer. This result is in agreement with hydraulic
conductivity distributions inferred from previous aquifer
thermal energy storage experiments at the same site.
In some locations the new tests indicated high hydrau-
lic conductivity zones in the upper third of tne aquifer
which were not detected In the previous two-well test
and single-well different locations. It was possible to
predict tne ma|or features of the tracer concentration
as a function of time at the withdrawal well in the two-
well test by means of an available numerical model as-
suming perfect stratification at the test site and using a
hydraulic conductivity distribution inferred from a
single-well test.
Keywords: 'Water wells, 'Aquifers, 'Hydraulic con-
ductivity,	Hydrology,	Hydrogeotogy,
Concentration(Composition), Graphs(Charts), Contin-
uous sampling, Performance evaluation, Data proc-
essing, 'Water pollution sampling, 'Tracer techniques,
*Mobile(Alabama), Three-dimensional calculations,
Thermal energy storage.
PBW-181390/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Erjrironmentai Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
Evaluation of High-Resolution Qas for the Deter-
mination of 2, 3, 7,8-TCDD In Soil, Sediment and
Water (Journal Version). Journal article,
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
j S. Stanley, T. M. Sack, Y. Tondeur, and W. F.
Backert C1988,12p EPA/600/J-88/263
Contract EPA-68-03-3226
Pub. in Biomedical and Environmental Mass Spec-
trometry, v17 p27-35 1988. Prepared in cooperation
with Nevada Univ., Las Vegas. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
An analytical protocol for the determination of 2,3,7,8-
tafrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxln (2,3,7,8-TCDD) and total
TCDDs in soil, sediment and aqueous samples using
hkih-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolutlon
mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) was evaluated
through replicate analyses of fortified and unspiked
soH and aqueous samples. Lower levels of detection
can be achieved through a slight modification of the
method with respect to initial sample size and/or final
extract volume. Instrumental parameters that affect
data quality, specifically HRGC column performance,
mass resolution and mass measurement accuracy are
presented. (Copyright (c) 1988 by John Wiley & Sons
Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Sediments, 'Soil
analysis, 'Water analysis, 'Gas chromatography,
'Mass spectroscopy, Water pollution, Chemical analy-
sis, Performance evaluation, Herbicides, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Reprints, 'Dlbenzodioxin/tetra-
chloro, 'Land pollution, 'Water pollution detection.
PB89-181408/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Generalized Ground Water Sampling Device
Matrix (Journal Version). Journal article,
Nevada Univ. System, Las Vegas. Water Resources
Center.
K. F. Pohlmann, and J. W. Hess. c1988,5p EPA/800/
J-88/269
Grant EPA-R-812713
Pub. in Ground Water Monitoring Review, v8 n4 p82-
84 1988. Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Sys-
tems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The sampling matrix is based on a review of the litera-
ture. It illustrates general relations of ground water pa-
rameters to sampling devices. Twelve types of sam-
pling devices and 14 ground water parameters (includ-
ing inorganic, organic, radioactive, and biological) were
considered. Notes regarding sampling depths, well di-
ameters, sample delivery rates, and construction ma-
terials are included.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Samplers, 'Portable
equipment. Water flow, Inorganic compounds, Organic
compounds, Radioactive materials, Biological agents,
Water wells construction materials, Repnnts, 'Water
pollution sampling, 'Environmental monitoring.
PB89-181416/H8U	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Acid and Aluminum on Swim Bladder
Development and Yolk Absorption In the Fathead
Minnow, 'Plmephales promelas', (Journal Ver-
sion). Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
R. L. Leino, J. H. McCormick, and K. M. Jensen. cMay
88,8p EPA/600/D-89/077
Pub. in Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and
Aquatic Sciences, v1607 p37-41 May 88. Prepared in
cooperation with Minnesota Univ.-Duluth, and Ameri-
can Scientific International, Duluth, MN.
Thirty-day old fathead minnows were raised to maturity
and spawning in a laboratory flow-through system
using softened water at various pH and Al levels. Suc-
cessful spawnings were reduced by more than 85% at
pH 6.0, 5.5-25 mlcrog/L AI+3, and 5.5, and absent in
all pH 5.2 treatments. Hatching success, larval surviv-
al, swim bladder development and yolk absorption
were reduced or abnormal when spawning did occur at
lower pHs.
Keywords: 'Aluminum, 'Acidity, Fishes, pH, Toxicity,
Reproduction(Biology), Exposure, Growth abnormali-
ties, Aquatic biology, Reprints, 'Fathead minnows. Bi-
ological effects, Dose-response relationships, Ptme-
phales promelas.
PB89-181424/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
User's Guide to the Complex Terrain Dispersion
Modal Plus Algorithms tar Unstable Situations
(CTDMPLUS): Volume 1. Model Description and
User Instructions,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
S. G. Perry, D. J. Bums, L H. Adams, R. J. Paine, and
D. G. Strimaltis. Mar 89,211p EPA/600/8-89/041
Prepared in cooperation with Computer Sciences
Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC., Environmental
Research and Technology, Inc., Concord, MA., and
Sigma Research Corp., Lexington, MA.
The Complex Terrain Dispersion Model Plus Algo-
rithms for Unstable Situations (CTDMPLUS) is a re-
fined air quality model for use in all stability conditions
for complex terrain applications. It contains the tech-
nology of the original Complex Terrain Dispersion
Mode) (CTDM) for stable and neutral conditions, but
also models daytime, unstable conditions. The model
makes use of considerable detail in the terrain and me-
teorological data (as compared to current EPA regula-
tory models) and requires the parameterization of indi-
vidual terrain features, thus considering the three-di-
mensional nature of the Interaction of the plume and
terrain. The user's manual describes, in detail, the
basis of the model and instructions for its use.
Keywords: 'Manuals, 'Mathematical models, 'Com-
puterized simulation, 'Air pollution, Terrain models,
Meterological data, Numerical analysis, Plumes, Dis-
persions, Distribution functions, Lift, *Air quality display
model, 'Complex Terrain Dispersion model, 'User
manuals(Computer programs).
PB89-181937/HSU	PC A24/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Design, Construction, and Evaluation of Clay
Liners for Waste Management Facilities,
NUS Corp., Gaithersburg, MD.
L. J. Goldman, L. I. Greenfield, A. S. Damle, G. L.
Kingsbury, and C. M. Northeim. Nov 88,566p EPA/
530/SW-86/007F
Contract EPA-68-03-7310
See also PB86-184496. Prepared in cooperation with
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Sponsored bv Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste and Emergen-
cy Response.
The Technical Resource Document (TRD) is a compi-
lation of available information on the design, construc-
tion, and evaluation of clay liners for landfills, surface
impoundments and waste piles. The information was
obtained from the literature and from in-depth inter-
views with design and construction engineers and
other knowledgeable individuals in both the private
and government sectors. The broad topics covered
are clays with emphasis on their composition, fabric,
and hydraulic conductivity; geotechnical test methods
and soil properties including soil classification, and hy-
draulic conductivity testing; clay chemical compatibil-
ity, including a discussion of the mechanisms of inter-
action and a compilation of test data from the literature
and private sources, construction and quality assur-
ance; clay liner failure mechanisms; the performance
of existing clay liners based on case studies of 17
sites; and clay liner transit time prediction methods.
Keywords: 'Clay soils, 'Lining, 'Earth fills, Hazard-
ous materials, Design criteria, Soil properties, Hydrau-
lic conductivity, Failure, Waste disposal, Bentonite,
Mathematical models, Permeability, Compatabitity,
Test methods, Acceptability, Case studies.
PB89-191945/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
USEPA (United States Environmental Protection
Agency) Method Study 38, SW-846, Method 3010,
Acid Digestion of Aqueous Samples and Extracts
for Total Metals for Analyals by Flame Atomic Ab-
sorption Spectroscopy. Final rept Sep 86-Feb 88,
Bionetics Corp., Cincinnati, OH.
K. W. Edgell, and D. M. Wllbers. Apr 89,178p EPA/
800/4-89/011
Contract EPA-68-03-3254
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
An interlaboratoiy collaborative study was conducted
to determine the mean recovery and precision for anal-
yses of 21 trace metals in surface and wastewaters.
The study design was based upon Youden's non-repli-
cate plan for collaborative tests of analytical methods.
Four water matrices were spiked with 21 trace metals
at six concentration levels, as three Youden pairs.
Nine participating laboratories analyzed the four
sample types using Method 3010. The primary objec-
tive was to use the USEPA computer program Interia-
boratory Method Validation Study to measure recovery
and precision for the 21 trace metals and compare the
performance of the method across water types. Mini-
mum detection limits (MDLs) were also compared.
Comparison between samples, at the lowest metals
concentration specified ana another sample at 50% of
thoservalues. verified that the values specified in SW-
846 are valid.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Hazardous materials,
'Water analysis, 'Trace elements, 'Metals, 'Atomic
spectroscopy, Waste disposal, Quality assurance, Sur-
face waters, Waste waters. Add treatment,
Digestion(Decomposition), Emission spectroscopy,
-------
Extraction, Performance evaluation, Data processing,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), 'Land dis-
posal, *EPA method 3010, 'Water pollution detection,
'Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy, Environmen-
tal monitoring.
PB89-181952/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
USEPA (United States Environmental Protection
Agency) Method Study 37, SW-846, Method 3050,
Add Digestion of Sediment*, Sludges, and Soils.
Final rept. Jan 87-Feb 88,
Bionetics Corp., Cincinnati, OH.
K. Edgell. Apr 89,133p EPA/600/4-89/012
Contract EPA-68-03-3254
See also PB80-181945. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
An interlaboratory collaborative study was conducted
to determine the precision and accuracy of Method
3050 lor the analysis of 23 elements in sediments,
sludges and soils. It includes instructions for quality
control, sample preparation and analysis of samples
by AA direct aspiration. The study design was based
upon Youden's non-replicate plan for collaborative
tests of analytical methods. Initially, 14 solid wastes
were collected, dried, homogenized and analyzed for
the 23 elements of interest by Inductivelv-Coupled
Plasma. Based upon this data, seven solid wastes
were selected that contained the most naturally-occur-
ring elements over a relatively wide concentration
range. Elements not occurring naturally were spiked
into each solid waste, and subsequently digested with
nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide, refluxed with nitric
or hydrochloric acid, and analyzed by atomic absorp-
tion - direct aspiration. The resulting data were ana-
lyzed using USEPA computer program Interlaboratory
Method Validation Study. The data analysis produced
measures of precision and mean recovery for the acid
digestion/AA direct aspiration for each element.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Atomic spectroscopy,
'Chemical analysis, 'Hazardous materials, 'Metals,
'Solid waste disposal, 'Soil analysis, 'Sludges, Qual-
ity assurance, Statistical analysis,
~igestion(Decomposition), 'Flame atomic absorption
spectroscopy, 'Graphic furnace atomic absorption
spectroscopy, 'Land disposal, 'EPA method 3050.
PB89-182406/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Supsrfund Record of Decision (EPA Region #):
MOM Brakes Sits. Clovsrdale, California (First Re-
medial Action), September 1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 88, 206p EPA/ROD/R09-88/018
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The MGM Brakes site consists of a five-acre plot con-
taining an automotive brakes casting plant, a paved
area surrounding the plant, and an open field. It is lo-
cated in the community of Cloverdale, California, in Al-
exander Valley, approximately 80 miles north of San
Francisco. From 1965 until 1972, hydraulic fluid con-
taining PCBs was discharged onto site property.
Wastewater containing ethylene glycol was disposed
onsite between 1972 and 1981. The ethylene glycol
acted as a co-solvent with water, facilitating the trans-
port of PCBs in soil. Approximately 13,510 cu yds of
soil within a 3-acre area nave been contaminated with
PCBs at concentrations up to 4500 ppm. The primary
contaminants of concern affecting soil, sediments, sur-
face water, and air are PCBs. Tne selected remedial
action for the site includes: dismantling of the MGM
Brakes process building; crushing of concrete slab,
and excavation of soil. The estimated capital cost for
the remedial action is $5,369,300 with no annual O&M
costs.
Keywords: 'Chlorine organic compounds, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, Automobiles, Hydraulic
fluids, Industrial plants, Sites, Drainage, Water pollu-
tion, Soils, Ethylene glycol, Ground water, California,
Record of Decision, First Remedial Action, 'Super-
fund, 'Polychlorinated biphenyl, Biphenyl/chloro,
Cloverdale(California).
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB89-182414/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 7):
Times Beach, St. Louis County, Missouri. Minker/
Stout/Romaine Creek, Jefferson County, Missouri
(Third Remedial Action), September 1988. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 88,282p EPA/ROD/R07-88/016
See also PB88-173000.
The Minker/Stout/Romaine Creek (M/S/RC) site is
located in the city of Imperial, Jefferson County, Mis-
souri, 25 miles southwest of St. Louis. The site is an
unincorporated, wooded residential area and is com-
prised of four noncontiguous areas: Minker, Stout,
Cashel, and Sullins. It is within a distance of approxi-
mately 0.8 miles and includes the upper 6000 feet of
Romaine Creek. Contamination at the site resulted
from the use of dioxin-contaminated soil as fill materi-
al, and has spread as a result of erosion from these
areas. Contaminated soil in all areas except the Stout
area and Romaine Creek has been excavated and cur-
rently is stored in interim onsite storage. The total
volume of contaminated soil at this site including the
amount in temporary storage is estimated to be 12,000
cubic yards. The primary contaminant of concern af-
fecting the soil at this site is 2,3,7,8-TCDD (dioxin).
Keywords: 'Herbicides, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazard-
ous materials, 'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water
pollution, Solid waste disposal, Romaine Creek, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Oxygen heterocyclic com-
pounds, 'Superfund program, 'Record of decision,
Dioxin/tetrachloro-dibenzo, Remedial actions,
Imperial(Missouri).
PB89-182422/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 7):
Times Beach, St. Louis County, Missouri. Second
Remedial Action (September 1988).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 88,284p EPA/ROD/R07-88/015
The Times Beach site is a 0.8 square-mile area located
in the formerly incorporated city of Times Beach, St.
Louis County, Missouri, approximately 20 miles south-
west of the city of St. Louis. The site Is bordered on the
north and east by the Meramec River and areas of St.
Louis County, on the south by areas of Jefferson
County, and on the west by the City of Eureka. Land
use of the surrounding areas is primarily residents! and
agricultural. The soil contamination at the site is a
result of spraying roads for dust control In the 1970s
with oil that was contaminated with dioxin. Investiga-
tions indicate that the contamination is limited to tne
roads, road shoulders, and drainage ditches. The se-
lected remedial action for the site includes: demolition
and onsite disposal of all structures and debris remain-
ing at the site: excavation of dioxin-contaminated soil
exceeding 20 ppb with onsite disposal of incinerator
ash; placing of clean soil cover and revegetation over
all areas.
Keywords: 'Chlorine organic compounds, 'Herbicides,
'Hazardous materials, Waste disposal, Sites, Water
pollution, Soils, Oxygen heterocyclic compounds, Re-
moval, Incinerators, Excavation, Coverings, Cost esti-
mates, Missouri, Record of Decision, Second Remedi-
al Action, 'Superfund, Revegetation, 'Times
Beach(MiS80uri), Dioxin/Tetrachloro-dibenzo.
PB89-182430/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4): B.
F. /Goodrich, Calvert City, Marshall County, Ken-
tucky (First Remedial Action), June 1988. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
24 Jun 88,69p EPA/ROD/R04-88/036
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The B.F. Goodrich (BFG) site is a one-acre area con-
sisting of a landfill and waste burn pits and is located
out8ide the zoned area of Calvert City, Marshall
County, Kentucky. The B.F. Goodrich Company used
the landfill between 1965 and 1973 to dispose of ap-
proximately 54,000 tons of construction-type waste
and plant trash. The company also operated the burn
pit area where several pits were used to bum approxi-
mately 2.6 million gallons of liquid chlorinated organ-
ics. Additionally, 370 cu. yds. of salt-brine sludge was
buried in an area near the burn pits. From 1973 to
1980, excavation dirt was the only waste disposed at
the site. The selected remedial action for the site in-
cludes: Excavation and consolidation of approximately
5,000 cu. yds. of contaminated soil and sediments
within the dikes and around the landfill from both the
BFG and Airco sites, with onsite disposal in the former
burn pit area followed by construction of an organic
vapor recovery system and a RCRA cap over the ouin
pit.
Keywords: 'Vaporizing, 'Organic compounds, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Waste disposal, Sites, Water pollu-
tion, Earth fills, Chlorine organic compounds, Industrial
wastes, Refuse, Leaching, Sediments,
Pits(Excavations), Benzene, Toluene, Brines, Ken-
tucky, Record of Decision, First Remedial Action, 'Su-
perfund, Calvert City(Kentucky), Polychlorinated bi-
phenyl.
PB89-182448/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision: (EPA Region 6)s
Curley Pit Site, Groundwater Operable Unit, Crit-
tenden County, Arkansas (Second Remedial
Action), September 1988. Final rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
26 Sep 88,28p EPA/ ROD/ R06-88/046
The Gurley Pit site consists of a 3.25-acre pit located
approximately one mile north of Edmondson, Critten-
den County, Arkansas. The primary land use Is agricul-
tural. Gurley Refining Company (GRC) leased the site
from R.A. Caldwell between 1970 and 1980. During
this time the pit was divided by levees into three oeNs
and used between 1970 and 1975 as a state permitted
disposal site for secondary oil refining wastes including
acids, oil sludges, PCBs, inorganics and spent cfiato-
maceous wastes. In May 1978, EPA and ADPCE re-
ceived complaints of chronic overflows from storm
runoff. These overflows hsd an adverse affect on fish
and waterfowl in the Fifteen Mile Bayou. The selected
source control remedy included treatment and dis-
charge of onsite surface water, offsite incineration of
PCB-contaminated oil, ground water monitoring, and
stabilization and onsite disposal of contaminated
sludge, sediment, and soil.
Keywords: 'Oils, 'Refineries, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Sites, Water pollution,
Plts(Excavations), Acids, Sludge disposal, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Incinerators, Waste treatment,
Ground water, Arizona, Record of Decision, First Re-
medial Action, 'Superfund, Polychlorinated blphenyls.
PB89-18245S/HSU	PC AOS/MF Afll
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Regtan TfcAr*
kanaas City Dump Sits. Arkansas City, tfanias
(First Remedial Action), September 1M8.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Reaponse.
29 Sep 88.76p EPA/ROD/R07-88/014
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The 200-acre Arkansas City Dump site is located In the
southwest section of Arkansas City, Cowley County
Kansas, and is bounded on the west and south Jby a
levee that separates it from the Arkansas Rtajr
Ground water flows predominantly to either the south-
west or southeast toward the Arkansas River due to a
ground water divide that exists near the center of the
site. Upgradient ground water is used for drinking pur.
poses by Arkansas City as well as private residences.
The site was used as an oil refinery between 1016 and
the mid-1920s. Residual acid sludge from the iHsUlta
tion process was disposed of in pits or on the ground.
The principal contributor of organic contaminants to
the ground water, particularly polynuclear aromatic hy-
drocarbons (PAHs), appears to be the soil contaminat-
ed sediments in tfie subsurface. The selected r ~
action for the north waste area operable unit it 	-
In situ neutralization of the acid sludge foHowed by the
installation of a soil coven deed restrlcdora: and
ground water monitoring.	^ ~
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Earth fills, 'Hazarei.
ous materials, Sludge disposal. Sites, Water poHuHm
Ground water, Refineries, Sulfuric acid, Aromatio nohr
cyclic hydrocarbons, Soils, Neutralization, BaCST
tions. Monitoring, Kansas, Record of Decision, FkS
Remedial Action, 'Superfund, CowSu
County(Kansas).	^
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB89-182483/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 7):
Hasting* Ground Water Contamination, FAR-
MAR-CO, NE. Hasting*, Nebraska. (First Remedial
Action), September 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Sep 88,33p EPA/ROD/R07-88/017
The FAR-MAR-CO subsite of the Hastings Ground
Water Contamination site is located east of the City of
Hastings, Adams County, Nebraska. The site Is cur-
rently owned by Farmland Industries, Inc., who ac-
quired the property through a merger with FAR-MAR-
CO, Inc. in 1967. The current and previous owners
used various chemicals onslte for fumigation of stored
grain. Contamination was discovered when complaints
about water quality. Contaminated soil at the subsite
are believed to be the result of accidental spills and
may be the direct result of a 1959 grain dust explosion
which damaged a fumigation tank system, releasing
997 gallons of fumigant. The selected remedial action
for this site includes: in situ soil vapor extraction, utiliz-
ing vacuum extraction technologies; treatment of ex-
tracted vapor with an activated carbon system, and air
and ground water monitoring.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'Waste disposal, Sites, Water pollution, Ground
water, Soils, Carbon tetrachloride, Vacuum pumps, Ex-
traction, Activated carbon treatment, Monitoring, Ne-
braska, Record of Decision, First Remedial Action,
'Superfund, 'Hastings(Nebraska), Ethylene dibro-
mide.
PB89-182471/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 7):
Hastings Ground Water Contamination. Colorado
Avenue, NE. Hastings, Nebraska (First Remedial
Action), September 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
28 Sep 88,32p EPA/ROD/R07-88/018
See also PB89-182463.
The Colorado Avenue subsite of the Hastings Ground
Water Contamination site is located in the City of Hast-
ings, Adams County, Nebraska. From 1987 to May
1982 the site was used by Dravo Corporation for man-
ufacturing of heating and air conditioning equipment.
Metals were cleaned prior to finishing with a vapor-de-
greasing process, and the waste solvents were dis-
charged directly into the sanitary sewer and the storm
sewer. Ground water contamination was discovered
when an out-of-service drinking water well was put
back in service. The selected remedial action for this
site includes: in situ soil vapor extraction, utilizing
vacuum extraction technologies: treatment of extract-
ed vapor with an activated carbon system, and air and
ground water monitoring.
Keywords: 'Vaporizing, 'Organic compounds, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Waste disposal, Sites, Water pollu-
tion, Ground water, Solvents, Metal cleaning, Chlor-
oethanes, Vinyl chloride, Soils, Vacuum pumps, Acti-
vated carbon treatment, Monitoring, Nebraska, Record
of Decision, First Remedial Action, 'Superfund,
Hastings(Nebraska).
PB69-182489/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
Airco, Calvert City, Marshall County, Kentucky
(First Remedial Action), June 1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
24 Jun 88,69p EPA/ROD/R04-88/035
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Airco site is a 2.7-acre industrial waste landfill lo-
cated outside the zoned area of Calvert City, Marshall
County, Kentucky. By 1971, 18,000 tons of caustics,
adds, VOCs, zinc and mercuric acetate, and mercuric
chloride reportedly were disposed at the site. Air Prod-
ucts and Chemicals, Inc. leased the landfill from Airco
until 1980, during which time they disposed of approxi-
mately 14,000 tons of coal ash containing low level
metal contaminants, as well as polyvinyl chloride
eoHds, ferric hydroxide sludge, and construction waste
at the site. The landfill was capped and closed in Sep-
tember 1981. The selected remedial action for the site
includes: Excavation and consolidation of approxi-
mately 5,000 cu. yds. of contaminated soil and sedi-
ments within the dikes and around the landfills from
both the Airco and BFG sites, with onslte disposal in
the former burn pit area at the BFG site followed by
construction of an organic vapor recovery system.
Keywords: 'Vaporizing, 'Organic compounds, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Waste disposal, Earthfills, Sites,
Water pollution, Industrial wastes, Acids, Benzene, Al-
kalies, Kentucky, Record of Decision, First Remedial
Action, 'Superfund, Calvert City(Kentucky).
PB09-182497/HSO	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
National Starch and Chemical Corp. Site, Salis-
bury, Rowan County, North Carolina (First Reme-
dial Action), September 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Sep 88,43p EPA/ROD/R04-88/039
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The National Starch and Chemical Corporation
(NSCC) site is located in Rowan County, North Caroli-
na, approximately five miles south of the city of Salis-
bury. The site consists of 500 acres and is occupied by
the NCSS-owned Cedar Springs Road Plant which cur-
rently manufactures textile finishing and custom spe-
cialty chemicals. From 1971 to 1978, NSCC disposed
of approximately 350,000 gallons of reaction vessel
wash waters classified as D002 waste (corrosive
waste with pH less than or equal to 2.0) in trenches
constructed in a 5-acre tract of land located behind the
Clant. The waste consisted predominantly of salt
rines, sulfuric acid solutions, sulfonating fats and oils,
and solvents. The selected remedial action for the site
includes: installation of a ground water interception
and extraction system downgradient of the source
area(s) with pretreatment prior to discharge.
Keywords: 'Vaporizing, 'Organic compounds, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Waste disposal, Sites, Water pollu-
tion, Textile finishing, Brines, Sulfuric acid, Solvents,
Benzene, Oils, Metals, Filtration, Activated carbon
treatment, Aeration, Rea>rd of Decision, First Remedi-
al Action, 'Superfund, Rowan County(North Carolina).
PB89-182505/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision: (EPA Region 6):
ATSF (Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fsj Site,
Clovis, New Mexico (First Romsdlal Action), 8ep-
tember 1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
23 Sep 88,38p EPA/ROD/R06-88/039
The Atchison/Santa Fe (Clovis) Superfund site is lo-
catedjust south of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe
(ATSF) Railway switching yard in Clovis, New Mexico.
The site is comprised of an approximately 26-acre
playa lake (Santa Fe Lake) which has been owned by
ATSF since the early 1900s. The lake was used for the
disposal of wastewater from various operations
throughout the years. Wastewater from the washing of
hopper care used for hauling potash, cement, fertilizer,
grain, and coke were disposed in the lake from 1962 to
1982. The primary contaminants of concern affecting
the sediments, soil, surface water, and ground water
are metals including arsenic, chromium and lead, or-
ganics including phenols and inorganics. The selected
remedial action for the site includes: construction of a
run-on control dike and ditch system; evaporation of
the water in Santa Fe Lake through a pump and spray
sprinkler system.
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Organic compounds, 'Hazard-
ous materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Santa Fe Lake, Sites,
Water pollution, Industrial wastes, Arsenic, Chromium,
Biodeterloration, Phenols, Construction, Dikes, Sedi-
ments, Linings, Pumps, New Mexico, Record of Deci-
sion, First Remedial Action, 'Superfund, Ck>vis(New
Mexico).
PB89-1S2513/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Brewster Well Field, Village of Brewster, Putnam
County, Now York (Second Romsdlal Action),
September 1988. Final rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 88,44p EPA/ROD/R02-88/066
See also PB87-188850.
The Brewster Well Field consists of two municipal well
fields. No. 1 and No. 2, located on the northern bank of
the East Branch Croton River, 3/4 of a mile east of the
Village of Brewster, Town of Southeast in Putnam,
New York. The 18 shallow wells in the field are a
source of water for the municipal water system that
serves over 2,100 residents in the Village of Brewster
and the Town of Southeast, as well as a number of
businesses and a railyard. Additional receptors of the
ground water from this aquifer include downstream
users of the East Branch Croton River, which contrib-
utes to the Croton Falls Reservoir approximately 3.5
miles downstream. Also, two reservoirs exist upstream
to the east and northeast within 3000 feet of the site,
which are part of New York City's Croton watershed
reservoir system. Land use to the north and west Is
predominantly residential, and to the south commer-
cial and light industrial.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Earth fills, 'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Water pollu-
tion, Public health, Organic compounds, Vaporizing,
Dry cleaning, Solvents, Water wells, New York, 'Su-
perfund program. Liquid waste disposal, Record of de-
cision, Remedial action, Putnam(New York).
PB89-182521/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Reg (on 2):
Ludlow Sand and Gravel Site, Town of Paris,
Oneida County, Nsw York (First Romsdlsl Action),
September 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Sep 88,78p EPA/ROD/R02-88/067
The Ludlow Sand and Gravel site is located approxi-
mately six miles south of Utica, in the town of Paris,
Oneida County, New York. The landfill, which is the
focus of this ROD, is in a ground water recharge zone
to the principal aquifer along Sauquoit Creek. Fill mate-
rial is in contact with the ground water in some loca-
tions in the landfill. The waste included domestic
wastes, septic tank effluent, industrial wastes such as
dyes, waste oils and metallurgical cooling oils, and
animal parts from a meat processing plant. The pri-
mary contaminants of concern affecting soil, sedi-
ments and ground water are VOCs including benzene
and toluene and organics including PCBs and phenols.
The selected remedial action for the site includes: con-
solidation and onsite disposal into the landfill of ap-
proximately 10,000 cu yds of contaminated soil and
sediment adjacent to the landfill, and installation of an
impermeable cover over the landfill; collection of
leachate from seepage areas formed from the landfill
and dewatering of the landfill.
Keywords: 'Chlorine organic compounds, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, Sites, Water pollution,
Earth fills, Aquifers, Biphenyl, Phenols, Dewatering,
Soils, Benzene, Toluene, Removal, Ground water,
Coverings, New York, Record of Decision, First Reme-
dial Action, 'Superfund, Polychlorinated biphenyls,
Paris(NewYork).
PB89-182639/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Pesticide
Fact Sheet No. 199: Cypermethrln.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
3 Jan 89,9p EPA/540/FS-89/046
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the EPA's regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, on cypermethrin. A Fact Sheet is
issusd after one of the following actions has occurred:
issuance or reissuance of a registration standard; issu-
ance of each special review document; registration of
a significantly changed use pattern; registration of a
new chemical; an immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Insectides, 'Acaricides. Haz-
ardous materials, Chemical properties, Regulations,
Toxicology, Ecology, Agricultural products, Cyanates,
Aromatic polycycllc hydrocarbons, Chlorohydrocar-
bons, 'Toxic substances, 'Cypermethrin, Path of pol-
lutants, Chemical Information met sheet, Use patterns,
Science findings, CAS 66841-24-5, Pyrethroids.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB89-182687/HSU	PC A25/MF A01
Preliminary Evaluation of Initial TSCA (Toxic Sub-
stances Control Act) Section 8(e) Substantial Risk
Notices. January 1,1987 to December 31,1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Mar 89,589p EPA/560/2-89/001
See also PB87-176004.
The volume contains, in ascending submission
number order, 'status reports' (i.e., preliminary evalua-
tions) prepared by the staff of the Office of Toxic Sub-
stances in EPA's Office of Pesticides and Toxic Sub-
stances for initial submissions received by EPA from
chemical manufacturers, importers, processors and
distributors from January 1, 1987 to December 31,
1988 under Section 8(e), the 'substantial risk' informa-
tion reporting provision of the Toxic Substances Con-
trol Act (TSCA). The status reports contained in the
compendium reflect only the initial phase of the Agen-
cy's evaluation process for the submitted information.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Public health. En-
vironmental surveys, Hazards, Risk, Evaluation, Toxici-
ty, 'Toxic substances, 'Toxic Substances Control Act,
Health hazards.
PB89-182695/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
California Air Pollution Control Officers Association,
Cameron Park, CA.
Proceedings: National Workshops on Hospital
Waste Incineration and Hospital Sterilization. Held
in San Francisco, California on May 10-12, 1988
and In Baltimore, Maryland on May 24-26, 1988.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jan 89,369p EPA/450/4-89/002
Prepared in cooperation with Northeast States for Co-
ordinated Air Use Management, Boston, MA. Spon-
sored by California Air Pollution Control Officers Asso-
ciation, Cameron Park, CA., and State and Territorial
Air Pollution Program Administrators/Association of
Local Air Pollution Control Officials, Washington, DC.
The primary goals of the workshops were to present
the most advanced research and policies on hospital
waste incineration being pursued in the regulatory
sector, encourage the formation of networks among
those involved, and improve permitting and enforce-
ment through exchange of information. Hospital waste
sterilization was also included because it is a related
source of increasing regulatory concern. The agenda
was specifically structured to provide insight into the
magnitude and nature of the problems associated with
these sources, and the responsive actions taken by
State and local agencies to develop regulations and
issue permits.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Infectious dis-
eases, 'Hospitals, 'Waste disposal, 'Meetings, Incin-
erators, Sterilization, Air pollution, Fly ash, Regula-
tions, Ethylene oxide, Sources, Toxicity, State govern-
ment, Local government.
PB89-183B83/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Oak Qrovs Sanitary Landfill Site, Anoka County,
Minnesota (First Remedial Action), September
1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Sep 88,68p EPA/ROD/R05-88/074
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Oak Grove Sanitary Landfill covers 45 to 50 acres
in Oak Grove Township, Anoka County, Minnesota,
approximately 38 miles northwest of St. Paul. There
are 249 people that live within 1 mile of the site and
6,786 reside within 4 miles. The majority of these resi-
dents depend on water from wells drawn primarily from
the lower aquifer. The primary contaminants of con-
cern affecting ground water and surface water are
VOCs including ethyl benzene, toluene and xylenes.
The selected remedial action for this site includes: in-
stallation of a security fence; capping with a final cover
system consisting of a gas control layer, a barrier layer
of low permeable material or a flexible membrane and
a drainage layer; and topsoil cover and vegetation.
Keywords: 'Vaporizing, 'Organic compounds, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Waste disposal, Sites, Water por-
tion, Earth fills, Refuse, Solvents, Lubncants, Drain-
age Toluene, Benzene, Ground water, Fences, cover-
ings, Minnesota, Record of Decision, First Remedial
Action, 'Superfund, Oak grove, Minnesota.
PB89-183891/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Henderson Road NPL Site, Upper Merlon Town-
ship, Pennsylvania (First Remedial Action), June
1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Jun 88,131 p EPA/ROD/R03-88/049
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Henderson Road site is an active waste facility sit-
uated on 7.6 acres of land in Upper Merion Township,
Pennsylvania. The land in the vicinity of the site is
zoned for light industrial, heavy industrial and residen-
tial use. The site is approximately 2,000 feet south and
upgradient of the Upper Merion Reservoir (UMR),
where ground water is part of a public water supply
serving 228,000 customers. The O'Hara Sanitation
Company (OSL) presently occupies the site with sev-
eral automobile repair shops and a drilling contractor.
The OSL presently conducts onsite waste storage and
waste recycling operations. Results of PADER and
EPA sampling conducted between 1977 and 1981,
and ground water monitoring conducted in 1986 re-
vealed the presence of organic and VOC contamina-
tion both on and offsite. Of the 35 chemicals of con-
cern identified at the site, fifteen were found in UMR in
1986. The selected remedial action for the site in-
cludes: installation of onsite and downgradient ground
water recovery wells and treatment using air stripping
with probable discharge to an adjacent stream, and
possible discharge of a portion of the treated ground
water onto an area near the injection well.
Keywords: 'Vaporizing, 'Organic compounds, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Waste disposal, Sites, Water pollu-
tion, Sediments, Injection wells, Ground water, Water
wells, Oils, Recovery, Monitoring, Excavation, Activat-
ed carbon treatment, Pennsylvania, Record of Deci-
sion, First Remedial Action, 'Superfund, Upper Merion
Township(Pennsylvania), Air stripping.
PB89-184071/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region S):
Environmental Conservation and Chemical Corpo-
ration, and Northside Sanitary Landfill, Zionaville,
Indiana (First Remsdial Action), September 1987.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 87,107p EPA/ROD/R05-87/049
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Northside Sanitary Landfill (NSL) and the Environ-
mental Conservation and Chemical Corporation (ECC)
are ad|acent sites located in Boone County, Indiana.
These two sites have been combined into the first re-
medial action because of their close proximity and si-
milarities in contaminants. Between 1977 and 1981
some still bottom and oily liquid wastes were permitted
to be disposed of at NSL. Sometime between 1955
and 1962, NSL began landfill operations. From 1972 to
1973, numerous operational deficiencies, including
failure to cover refuse, surface burning, underground
fires, leachate and vermin problems resulted in three
Indiana State Board of Health (ISBH) orders to cease
operations. Ground water, surface water, soil and sedi-
ments are contaminated with inorganics, oraanics,
pesticides, acids, base-neutral compounds, oils and
VOCs including benzene, 1,1 -DCE and TCE. The rec-
ommended alternative for the two sites combined in-
cludes: implementing deed and access restrictions to
prevent future site development; excavation and
dewatering of 4,200 cu yds. of leachate soils and sedi-
ments wltn onsite disposal under a RCRA multi-layer
cap.
Keywords: 'Vaporizing, 'Organic compounds, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Waste disposal, Sites, Water pollu-
tion, Earth fills, Industrial wastes, Solvents, Oils, Soils,
Refuse, Benzene, Pesticides, Indiana, Record of Deci-
sion, First Remedial Action, 'Superfund, Boone
County(lndiana).
PB89-184584/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Glossary of Terms Related to Health, Exposure,
and Risk Assessment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air Risk Information Support Center.
Mar 89,43p EPA/450/3-88/016
Also available from Supt. of Docs.
Many state and local agencies are developing or im-
plementing programs to control emissions of toxic air
pollutants. To successfully cany out these programs,
agency personnel must be familiar with a wide range of
issues and terms related to health, exposure, and risk
assessment for toxic air pollutants. Understanding
these issues and terms is not always an easy ta8k. The
glossary has been prepared by the U.S. EPA's Air Risk
Information Support Center (Air RISC) as a resource
tool for State and local air pollution control agencies
and U.S. EPA Regional Offices. The purpose of the
glossary is to define terms that are commonly used in
health, exposure, and risk assessments for toxic air
pollutants.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Public health, 'Air pollution,
'Dictionaries, Risk, Exposure, Dosage, Epidemiology
Benign neoplasms. Sensitivity, Malignant neoplasms!
'Occupational health and safety.
PB89-184618/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Guidance on Remedial Actions for Contaminated
Ground Water at Superfund Sites. Interim Rem.
(Final).
CH2M Hill, Inc., Gainesville, FL
Dec 88,123p EPA/540/G-88/003,, OSWER
DIRECTIVE-9283.1 -2
Also available from Supt. of Docs. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response.
The guidance document focuses on key issues in the
development, evaluation, and selection of ground
water remedial actions at Superfund sites. Statutory
mandates require that remedies be protective and uti-
lize permanent solutions and treatment technologies
to the maximum extent practicable. Consistent with
these mandates, the goai of Superfund ground water
actions is to restore ground water to its beneficial uses
within a reasonable time frame, given the particular
site circumstances. The document presents the ana-
lytical framework and statutory basis for formulating
ground water alternatives, outlines factors that should
be examined to evaluate and compare ground water
alternatives, highlights key considerations for selecting
a ground water remedy, and illustrates with a case
study the remedial investigation and feasibility study
process for ground water. Although each Superfund
site presents unique environmental conditions and
human health problems, a consistent approach should
be used when collecting and analyzing data and devel-
oping and evaluating ground water remedial alterna-
tives.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Waste disposal 'Site
surveys, 'Guidelines, 'Ground water, Substitutes.
Management planning, Public health, Comparison!
Feasibility, Performance evaluation, Data processing!
Regulations, Drinking water, 'Superfund Program!
'Remedial action, 'Solid waste management land
disposal. Water pollution sampling. Water qualify man-
agement.
PB89-184626/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Guidance for Conducting Remedial Investigations
and Fsaslbillty Studies Under CERCLA. Interim
rept. (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response ' '
Oct 88,209p EPA/540/G-89/004, OSWER
DIRECTIVE-9355.3-01
Also available from Supt. of Docs.
The remedial investigation and feasibility study mi/
FS) process represents the methodology that tho Su-
perfund program has established for characterizing tha
nature and extent of risks posed by uncontrolled haz
ardous waste sites and for evaluating potential remacS.
al options. The approach should be viewed as a t£.
namic flexible process that can and should be taikyad
to specific circumstances of individual sites. The <£!
jectlve of the RI/FS process is not the unobtalln^fai
goal of removing all uncertainty, but rather to gatharbv!
formation sufficient to support an informed risk mark
sgement decision regarding which remedy nnnoeri L
be most appropriate for a given site. The aporocyiata
level of analysis to meet the objective can on&h*
reached through constant strategic thinking and <
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ful planning concerning the essential data needed to
reach a remedy selection decision.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
"Site surveys, Guidelines, 'Management planning,
'Environmental surveys, Feasibility, Data processing,
State government, Cost analysis, Sampling, Public
health, Field tests, Standards, Risks, Project planning,
Law enforcement, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial
action, 'Solid waste management, Superfund Amend-
ments and Reauthorization Act of 1986.
PM9-184683/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Distribution of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation In
the Chesapeake Bay and Tributaries and Chinco-
taague Bay-1987. Final rept.,
Virginia Inst, of Marine Science, Gloucester Point.
R. J. Orth, A. A. Frisch, J. F. Nowak, and K. A. Moore.
Apr 89,265p*
See also PB89-159198. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD. Chesapeake Bay
Program, Maryland Dept. of Natural Resources, An-
napolis, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC.,
and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra-
tion, Rockville, MD.
The distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation
during 1987 In the Chesapeake Bay, rts tributaries, and
Chincoteague Bay was mapped at a scale of 1:24,000
using color aerial photography. Submerged aquatic
vegetation bed perimeter information was digitized and
stored in a computerized data base. Ground truth infor-
mation was obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey,
the Maryland Department of Natural Resources, the
University of Maryland Horn Point Laboratory, Harford
Community College and the Virginia Institute of Marine
Science. Citizen support via the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service and Chesapeake Bay Foundation, as well as
the Maryland Charterboat Association via the Maty-
land DNR Watermen's Assistance Program, provided
additional ground truth information.
Keywords: 'Chesapeake Bay, 'Chincoteague Bay,
'Aquatic plants, Vegetation, Marine biology, Aerial sur-
veys, Geophysical surveys, Maps, Aquatic ecosys-
tems, Species diversity, Ground truth, Spatial distribu-
tion.
PBM-184709/H8U	PC A05/MF A01
National Air Pollutant Emission Estimates, 1940-
1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park. NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Mar 89.83p* EPA/450/4-88/022
See also PB88-169388.
The report presents estimates of trends in nationwide
air pollutant emissions for six major pollutants: sulfur
oxides, particulate matter with PM/TSP as the indica-
tor pollutant, carbon monoxide, reactive volatile organ-
ic compounds, nitrogen oxides, and lead. Estimates
are provided for major categories of air pollution
aourcea. A short analysis of emission trends Is given,
along with a discussion of methods used to develop
the data.
Keywords: 'United States, 'Air pollution, 'Sulfur
oxides, 'Particles, 'Carbon monoxide, 'Nitrogen
oxides, 'Lead(Metal), Estimates, Fuels, Trends, Ex-
haust emissions, Industrial wastes, Solid waste dispos-
al TablesfData), Combustion products,
ConcentratlonfComposition), 'Volatile organic com-
pounds, 'Emission factors, Particulate, Total suspend-
ed particulates. Point sources, Stationary sources, Fu-
gitive emissions.
PBM-1S60M/H8U	CP T10
Toxic Release Inventory (TRI), 1987. Data die,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Q D. Nowak, and E. Merrick. 1987, mag tape EPA/
OF/MT-89/035
See also PB89-156653.
Source tape is in the ASCII character set This restricts
~reparation to 9 track, one-half Inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. For price at
0260 bpi density, call NTfS Computer Product*. Price
includes documentation, PB89-188078.
Section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Communi-
ty FUght-to-Know Act (also known as Title III) of the Su-
perfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986
(Public Law 99-499) requires EPA to establish a Na-
tional Inventory of toxic chemical emissions from cer-
tain facilities. The reporting requirement applies to
owners and operators of facilities that have 10 or more
full-time employees, that are in Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) codes 20 through 39 (i.e., manu-
facturing facilities) and that manufacture (including im-
porting), process or otherwise use a listed toxic chemi-
cal in excess of specified threshold quantities.
Keywords: 'Data files, 'Pollution, 'Hazardous materi-
als, Inventories, Facilities, Manufacturing, Imports, Re-
quirements, Reporting, Volume, 'Toxic substances,
'Chemical releases, Superfund program.
PB89-186076/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Toxic Release Inventory (TRI), 1987 Documenta-
tion.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
1987,73p EPA/DF/MT-89/035A
For system on magnetic tape, see PB89-186068.Por-
tions of this document are not fully legible.
The list of toxic chemicals subject to reporting consist-
ed initially of chemicals listed for similar reporting pur-
poses by the States of New Jersey and Maryland.
There are over 300 chemicals and categories on these
lists.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Hazardous materi-
als, Inventories, Classifications, Reporting, Require-
ments, New Jersey, Maryland, 'Toxic substances,
'Chemicals, SIC codes, Listings.
PB89-186118/HSU	CP T02
Toxic Release Inventory (TRI), 1987: Reporting
Facilities Names and Addresses. Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
S. Leacraft, and D. Sellers. 1987, mag tape EPA/DF/
MT-89/036
See also PB89-186088.
Source tape Is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB89-186076.
Section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Communi-
ty Right-to-Know Act (also known as Title III) of the Su-
perfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1988
(Public Law 99-499) requires EPA to establish a Na-
tional Inventory of toxic chemical emissions from cer-
tain facilities. The final Toxic Chemical Release Form
R and regulations for the 1987 reporting year were
published in the Federal Register on February 16,
1988 (53 FR 4500-4554). The list of toxic chemicals
subject to reporting consisted initially of chemicals
listed for similar reporting purposes by the States of
New Jersey and Maryland. There are over 300 chemi-
cals and categories on these lists. The reporting re-
quirement applies to owners and operators of facilities
that have 10 or more full-time employees, that are in
Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes 20
through 39 (i.e., manufacturing facilities) and that man-
ufacture (including importing), process or otherwise
use a listed toxic chemical in excess of specified
threshold quantities. The database contains only the
name, location and type of business of facilities that
have been reported for 1987.
Keywords: 'Data file. Industries, Manufacturing, Toxic
materials, Emissions, Pollution, 'Toxic release inven-
tory, 'Industrial facilities, SIC codes 20 to 39, Commu-
nity right-to-know, Public Law 99-499.
PB89-1S7256/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglatratlon of Pesticide
Products Containing Potassium Bromide (KBr) as
the Active ingredient Case Number 342.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
28 Sep 84,64p EPA/S40/RS-88/136
See also PB86-174679.
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes now to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of date requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Standards, Guidelines, Haz-
ardous materials, Public health, Packaging, 'Toxic
substances, 'Potassium bromide, 'Potassium.
PB89-187413/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Ensuring the Viability ot New, Small Drinking
Water Systems: A Study of State Programs,
Cadmus Group, Inc., Waltham, MA.
R. T. Jones. Apr 89,131p EPA/570/9-89/004
Contract EPA-68-C8-0035
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
Small water systems are plagued by financial, techni-
cal and managerial difficulties that severely impact
their ability to meet the challenges of aging equipment,
unexpected sources of contamination and more strin-
gent drinking water regulations mandated by the 1986
Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments. In the past sev-
eral years, state drinking water programs have shown
a heightened interest in information about programs to
control the creation of new potentially non-viable sys-
tems. The study reports findings on four states' efforts
to control small systems growth: Connecticut, Georgia,
Maryland and Washington. Six methods are identified
including permitting process reviewing minimum
design, operating and construction; encouraging inter-
connections with existing systems; satellite manage-
ment or ownership; financial and operational require-
ments; financial assistance and incentives; and water
supply planning. Each state interviewed utilizes some
combination of the methods listed, creating programs
specific to that state's needs.
Keywords: 'Drinking water, 'Water pollution abate-
ment, 'Water supply, Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland,
Washington(State), Comparison, Regulations, Assess-
ments, Performance evaluation, Management plan-
ning, Financial assistance, Design criteria, 'State pro-
grams, 'State implementation plans, Safe Drinking
Water Act Amendments of 1986, Case studies.
PB89-187421 /HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Report to Congress: Indian Wastewater Treat-
ment Needs and Assistance.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Municipal Pollution Control.
Jan 89.48p* EPA/430/9-88/006
Prepared in cooperation with Indian Health Service,
Rockville, MD.
The report has been prepared in cooperation with the
Indian Health Service (IHS) to meet the requirements
of Section 518(b) of the Clean Water Act (CWA) as
amended by the Water Quality Act (WQA) of 1987. The
report's five major objectives are as follows: to sum-
marize EPA's assessment of Indian wastewater treat-
ment construction needs, to report on the degree to
which such needs will be met through CWA funding, to
identify any obstacles which may prevent such needs
from being met, to discuss how EPA plans to imple-
ment the Indian Set-Aside Program established under
Section 518(c) of the CWA, and to describe EPA's ef-
forts to maximize Indian participation in CWA pro-
grams.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Sewage treat-
ment, 'Water quality, Assessments, Water wells,
Ground water, Lagoons(Ponds), Grants, Public health,
Capitalized costs, National government, 'Clean Water
Act, 'Water Quality Act of 1987, 'Indian reservations,
'Water management(Applied), Construction grants
program.
PB89-187629/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Report to Congress: Management of Hazardous
Waatea from Educational Institutions.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Apr 89,128p EPA/530/SW-89/040
The EPA has studied and evaluated the problems as-
sociated with managing hazardous wastes generated
by educational Institutions. The report is factual in
nature. EPA was not directed by the law to develop
recommendations for regulatory or statutory changes.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The report identifies the statutory and regulatory re-
quirements for educational institutions to manage haz-
ardous waste, examines current hazardous waste
management practices at such institutions, identifies
the hazardous waste management problems encoun-
tered by them, and concludes by identifying possible
ways for educational institutions to improve hazardous
waste management. The report primarily focuses on
hazardous waste generated by universities, colleges,
high schools, and vocational schools. The findings of
the report can also apply to waste generated at facili-
ties providing adult education and programs of educa-
tion of less than 2 years' duration, because factors af-
fecting the management of such waste would be simi-
lar for all levels and categories of educational institu-
tions.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials. Regulations, Guide-
lines, Waste disposal, Schools, Universities, Feasibili-
ty, 'Waste management, 'Management planning and
control, 'Environment management, 'Educational fa-
cilities, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.
PB89-187637/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Solid Waste Dilemma: An Agenda for Action. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Feb 88,80p EPA/530/SW-89/019
See also PB88-251146.
The document describes the municipal solid waste sit-
uation in the United States and presents a strategy to
improve the management of wastes nationwide. The
background document and appendices (which are
available through NTIS), provide data on the problem
and develop the arguments for alternative solutions.
Major waste stream components and other contribu-
tors are presented in the appendices along with a ra-
tionale and an approach for local officials to identify
true costs of waste management options.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Municipalities, Na-
tional government, Reduction, Standards, Industries,
Local government, State government, Composts, Citi-
zen participation, Risk, Earth fills, Incinerators, Recom-
mendations. Waste management, Recycling, House-
holds.
PB89-187645/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
1985 National Biennial Report of Hazardous
Waste Generators and Treatment, Storage and
Disposal Facilities Regulated Under RCRA (Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act). Volume
1: Summary.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Mar 89,35p EPA/530/SW-89/033A
See also PB69-167652.
The Summary report (Vol. I) focuses on national and
regional analyses and findings. Various regional and
national hazardous waste generation ana manage-
ment patterns are highlighted in this volume as docu-
mented in the study's data library.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
'Waste disposal, 'Facilities, Storage, States(United
States), National government, Regulations, Maps, Pro-
files, Volume, Reporting, Management, Ranking, Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act.
PB89-187652/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
1985 National Report of Hazardous Waste Gen-
erators and Treatment, Storage and Disposal Fa-
cilities Regulated Under RCRA: (Resource Con-
servation and Recovery Act). Volume 2: Method-
ology and Data.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Mar 89,289p EPA/530/SW-89/033B
See also PB89-187645.
The report presents the more extensive State data
profiles upon which the national and regional results
are based. The Methodology and Data volume ex-
pands upon the aggregate levels analyses (explained
In Vol. 1) by profiling key hazardous waste generation
and management data for all 50 States and 3 Territo-
ries. RCRA-regulated hazardous waste generators
and TSD facilities in all States, DC, Puerto Rico and
Guam, completed and submitted data forms to State
and EPA Regional offices describing their 1985 waste
management practices.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
'Waste disposal, 'Facilities, Management,
States(United States), Profiles, Classifications,
Tanks(Containers), Storage, Earth fills, Incinerators,
Injection wells, Volume, Sites, Shipping, Exports,
Weight(Mass), Tables(Data), Reporting, Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act, Ocean waste dispos-
al, Land treatment.
PB89-188379/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Development and Evaluation of a Rubber 'Duck
Bill' Tide Gate. Rept. for Jul 81-Jan 86,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
P. A. Freeman, A. B. Forndran, and R. Field. May 89,
88p EPA/600/2-89/020
Prepared in cooperation with New York City Dept. of
Environmental Protection, Wards Island, and Freeman
(Peter A.) and Associates, Inc., Berlin, MD.
A unique 54 in. diameter 'duckbill' rubber tide gate
(RTG) was designed, fabricated, and installed in a typi-
cal New York City tide gate chamber. The operation of
the RTG was observed over two years. The RTG was
very effective in preventing the inflow of tidal waters
and generally showed equal or improved performance
compared to a typical flap gate. Hydraulically, the RTG
was supposed to open to release storm flows at a
positive difference in upstream head of 6 in. and to
remain closed preventing inflow at a downstream posi-
tive head up to 8 ft. during high tide. Minor inflow was
observed when debris was introduced into the RTG,
and capability of self-cleaning was exhibited. Inflow
would be significantly greater if similar size debris was
lodged in the conventional flap-type gate. The mainte-
nance crews observed no incident where the manual
removal of debris was required. The existing chamber
required minor modifications for the installation of the
RTG.
Keywords: 'Tides, 'Flood control, 'Storm sewers,
Water flow, Hydraulics, Runoff, Floodways, Hydrology,
'Gates(Openings).
PB89-188718/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Declelon (EPA Region 7):
John Deere Dubuque Worke, Dubuque, Iowa (First
Remedial Action), September 1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 88,50p EPA/ROD/R07-88/021
The John Deere Dubuque Works site is located ap-
proximately 2.5 miles north of the City of Dubuque,
Iowa. The site is owned by Deere and Company, which
has operated a manufacturing plant at the site since
1946. The plant property includes an area of 1,447
acres located in the flood plain at the confluence of the
Little Maquoketa River and the Mississippi River. The
waste management history of the plant is complex, but
the primary area of concern is an unlined landfill origi-
nally placed in a natural depression caused by the
Little Maquoketa River. Prior to 1968, wastes were
placed in the low areas of the landfill and combustible
materials were burned. Another area of concern at the
facility is the site of a 1980,200,000-gallon diesel fuel
spill. Investigations conducted by John Deere indicat-
ed that human health hazards at the landfill could be
considered minimal with the primary hazard being the
possibility of dissolved organic chemicals impacting
offsite domestic wells located east of the plant along
the Mississippi River. The primary contaminants of
concern affecting the ground water are volatile organic
compounds including benzene, PCE, TCE, and tolu-
ene. The selected remedial action for the site is includ-
ed.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Waste disposal, Water pollu-
tion, Diesel fuels, Ground water, Water wells, Potable
water, Incineration, Forecasting, 'Superfund, 'Land
disposal, 'Remedial action, 'Land pollution, Environ-
mental transport, Hazardous materials spills, Volatile
organic compounds, Contingency planning,
Dubuque(lowa).
PB89-188726/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Declelon (EPA Region 7):
Midwest Manufacturing/North Farm Superfund
Site. North Farm Operable Unit, Kellogg, Iowa,
(First Remedial Action), September 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Sep 88,62p EPA/ROD/R07-88/019
The document describes the remedy that the U.S. En-
vironmental Protection Agency (EPA) has selected to
implement at the North Farm subsite of the Midwest
Manufacturing/North Farm Site located near Kellogg,
Iowa. The document also describes the decision-
making procedures that were followed in selecting the
preferred remedial action. The remedial action has
been selected to remedy an environmental problem
which could potentially affect the health of the resi-
dents who may choose to live at the site in the future.
Records indicate that electroplating activities took
place at the site and involved the use of various heavy
metals. A wastewater treatment plant was installed at
the facility to treat the plant effluent before it was dis-
charged into the local river. Solids generated at the
treatment plant were temporarily stored in a tank
onsite and periodically transferred to the disposal cell.
Soil sampling was conducted onsite and downslope to
evaluate the potential lor contaminant migration due to
previous waste disposal practices. Analysis of the
samples revealed that soil contamination had oc-
curred via surface run-off.
Keywords: 'Electroplating, 'Sludge disposal, 'Indus-
trial waste treatment, Water pollution control, Soil sur-
veys, Rural areas, Cadmium, Cyanides, Runoff, Fore-
casting, 'Superfund, 'Remedial action, 'Land pollu-
tion, 'Heavy metals, 'North Farm, Waste water treat-
ment, Kellogg(lowa), Land disposal.
PB89-188734/HSU	PC A03/MF AOI
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region Tk
Syntax Agribusiness, Incorporated, Verona, Mis-
souri, (First Remedial Action), September IMS.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
5 May 88,49p EPA/ROD/R07-88/013
The Syntex Verona (SV) site, formerly operated as
Hoffman-Taff, inc., was purchased in 1969 by Syntex
Agribusiness. The site is located 30 miles southwest of
Springfield in extreme southwestern Missouri. SV was
used to manufacture hexachlorophene from 1870 to
1971, which produced the byproduct 2,3,7,6-tefrach-
lorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), referred to as dioxin. The
primary contaminant of concern affecting the soil is
dioxin. The selected remedial action for this site in-
cludes: excavation and offsite thermal treatment of
dioxin-contaminated soil and olfsite disposal erf the
ash residue.
Keywords: 'Herbicides, 'Hazardous materials, "Waste
disposal, Sites, Water pollution, industrial wastes,
Chlorine organic compounds, Oxygen heterocyclic
compounds. Soils, Excavation, Incinerators, Decon-
tamination, Missouri, Record of decision, First remedi-
al action, 'Superfund, Verona(Missouri), Dioxin/tetra-
chloro-dibenzo.
PB89-188742/HSU	PC AM/MI* AOI
8uperfund Record of Decision (EPA ffrjhiii m-
Brodertck Wood Products Company,
County, Colorado, (First Remedial Action), Jm
1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Rosponse.
30 Jun 88,112p EPA/ROD/R08-88/021
The Broderick Wood Products Company (BWP) site, la
located in Adams County. Colorado, and encom-
passes approximately 64 acres. It Is situated In a pri-
marily Industrial area. The major site Includes two sur-
face impoundments and a total of 19 boildlnaa and
structures. Between 1947 and 1981, BWP operated a
wood treatment facility to treat power poles, fence
posts, railroad ties and other wood products. Records
indicate that waste seepage was apparent just north of
the site and became so extensive that the waste >
,f	-'-JsurtfecQ
impoundments that reportedly had only been utodtor
the disposal of solid waste. The primary contaminants
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
of concern from the impoundments affecting the soil
and ground water are VOCs including benzene, organ-
ic* including PAHs, PCPs, dloxins, and metals includ-
ing lead.
Keywords: 'Vaporizing, 'Organic compounds, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Waste disposal, Sites, Water pollu-
tion, Benzene, Wood preservatives, Metals, Chlorine
organic compounds, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocar-
bons, Incinerators, Excavation, Soils, Waste treat-
ment, Colorado, Record of Decision, First Remedial
Action, 'Superfund, Adams County(Colorado).
PB89-188759/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 10):
Martin Marietta Site, The Dalle*, Oregon, (First Re-
medial Action), September 1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 88,77p EPA/ROD/R10-88/017
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The 350-acre Martin Marietta Reduction Facility
(MMRF) site is located in The Dalles, Wasco County,
Oregon. The site lies within an 800-acre area used pri-
marily for heavy industry and manufacturing. From
1958 to 1970, Harvey Aluminum, Inc. operated a proc-
essing facility designed to produce about 90,000 tons
of aluminum a year. Martin Marietta Corporation
(MMC) acquired the facility in 1970 and continued alu-
minum processing operations until 1984, when the
plant was shut down. The MMRF site consists of 28
areas of significant contamination resulting from treat-
ment, storage, and disposal practices at the site. A1 fi-
acre landfill located near the aluminum reduction build-
ing contains approximately 200,000 cu yds of waste
and plant construction debris. Leachate emanating
from the landfill resulted in the contamination of the
area aquifer. The selected remedial action for this site
includes: excavation of the cathode waste material
and placement into the existing landfill, and covering
the landfill with a RCRA cap; placement of a soil cover
over scrubber sludge ponds 2 and 3; plugging and
abandonment of nearby production wells.
Keywords: 'Vaporizing. 'Organic compounds, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Waste disposal, Sites, Water pollu-
tion, Metals, Asbestos, Hydrocarbons, Industrial
wastes. Oregon, Record of decision, First remedial
action, 'Superfund, Wasco County(Oregon).
PB8B-1S8767/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9):
Tucson International Airport Area, Tucson, Arizo-
na, (First Remedial Action), August 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
22 Aug 88.40p EPA/ROD/R09-88/021
The Tucson International Airport Area (TAA) site en-
compasses sections of southwest Tucson and adjoin-
ing lands south of the city in Pima County, Arizona. The
site is located In the Tucson Basin and includes indus-
trial, commercial, residential, and undeveloped areas,
as well as the Tucson International Airport, the U.S. Air
Force Plant 44 (AFP44), and part of the San Xavier
Indian Reservation. The Santa Cruz River borders the
atte to the west. Before the discovery of ground water
contamination In the TAA, wells within the site bound-
aries provided water for over 47,000 people. The first
Indications of ground water contamination in TAA ap-
oeared in the early 1950s when elevated levels of
Chromium were detected in a municipal supply well ad-
lucent to AFP44. In 1978, a well was closed at AFP44
Ruth* State because of high levels of chromium. The
remedial action for this site Includes: ground
water pump and treatment of Areas A and B using
parft»H column aeration, followed by discharge of
treated water.
Keywords: 'Vaporizing, 'Organic compounds, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Waste disposal. Sites, Water pollu-
tion, Ground water, Chromium, Benzene, Water wells,
Aoultors, Pumping, Activated carbon treatment, Arizo-
ntReconi of decision, First remedial action, 'Super-
fund, Tucson International Airport Area, Pima
County(Arlzona).
PB89-188775/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9):
Scottsdale Ground Water Operable Unit, Indian
Bend Wash Superfund Site, Scottsdale, Arizona,
(First Remedial Action), September 1988. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
21 Sep 88,57p EPA/ROD/R09-88/019
The Indian Bend site (IBW) encompasses 13 square
miles in Scottsdale and Tempe, Arizona. The portion of
the site addressed in this remedial action, the Scotts-
dale Ground Water Operable Unit, covers approxi-
mately eight square miles within the Scottsdale city
limits. Ponds in the wash were used as a water collec-
tion system; however, ground water was no longer dis-
charged to the wash when contamination was detect-
ed in the ponds. Approximately 70 percent of the City
of Scottsdale's municipal water currently is supplied by
ground water. In 1981, TCE was discovered in the
ground water from several City of Scottsdale and City
of Phoenix municipal wells at concentrations exceed-
ing the Arizona Department of Health Services action
levels. The selected remedial action for this operable
unit of the site includes: extraction of ground water by
pumping City of Scottsdale Wells at a minimum of 75
percent of their historical capacities; and treatment of
ground water using packed column aeration to transfer
the VOCs from the water to air.
Keywords: 'Vaporizing, 'Organic compounds, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Waste disposal, Sites, Water pollu-
tion, Ground water, Water wells, Toxicity, Aliphatic acy-
clic hydrocarbons, Pumping, Water treatment, Record
of decision, First remedial action, 'Superfund,
Scottsdale(Arizona), Ethylene/trichloro.
PB89-188783/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Marathon Battery, NY (Second Remedial Action),
September 1988 (Re-Announced).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Sep 88,343p EPA/ROD/R02-88/064
RE-ANNOUNCED with different title. See also PB87-
190096.
The Marathon Battery Company (MBC) site, a former
battery manufacturing plant, is located in the Village of
Cold Spring in Putnam, New York, approximately 40
miles north of New York City. The site operated from
1952 to 1979 producing military and commercial bat-
teries. During this time the site changed ownership
several times, finally operating as the MBC from 1969
to 1979. Before 1965, the plant's wastewater treat-
ment system discharged into the Hudson River at the
Cold Spring pier via the Cold Spring sewer system,
except during periods of overload or system shutdown
during which time the process effluent was discharged
directly into East Foundry Cove Marsh (EFCM) to the
southeast. Between November 1972 and July 1973, a
limited cleanup was conducted by MBC and other re-
sponsible parties, to remove sediment from parts of
Foundry Cove and surrounding areas contaminated
with cadmium and nickel in excess of 900 mg/kg. The
selected remedial action for Area II at this site in-
cludes: decontamination of the former battery facility;
excavation; and offslte disposal.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
'Sewage treatment, Decontamination, Cadmium,
Nickel, Cobalt, New York, Organic compounds, Vapor-
izing, 'Remedial action, Record of Decision, Super-
fund, Putnam(New York).
PM9-188791/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1):
Yaworskl Lagoon Site, Canterbury Township,
Connecticut, (First nemadlal Action), September
1988. Final rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 88,93p EPA/ROD/R01-88/027
The Yaworskl Lagoon site is a dewatered and back-
filled lagoon, approximately 700 feet and 300 feet
wide, and surrounded by an earthen dike. It is located
on an approximately 100-acre section of land in Can-
terbury Township, Windham County, Connecticut on
the floodplaln of and bordered on the north, south and
west by the Qulnebaug River. Between 1950 and
1973, sludge materials and drums of Industrial waste
including solvents, paint textile dyes, acids, resins,
and other debris were deposited in the lagoon. The
lagoon currently contains approximately 65,000 cubic
yards of contaminated sludge covered by about
60,000 cubic yards of contaminated debris. The se-
lected remedial action for this site includes: installation
of a RCRA cap; improvement of dike around the
lagoon to ensure protection from floods; establishment
of a ground water protection standard (ACL); and mon-
itoring of ground water for 30 years.
Keywords: 'Vaporizing, 'Organic compounds, "Haz-
ardous materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Yaworski Lagoon,
Sites, Water pollution, Metals, Benzene, Toluene,
Ground water, Water treatment, Dikes, Floods, Protec-
tion, Connecticut, Record of decision, First remedial
action, 'Superfund, Windham County(Connecticut).
PB89-188817/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 8):
KOppers Texarkana Site, Texarkana, Texas (First
Remedial Action), September 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
23 Sep 88,89p EPA/ROD/R06-88/023
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Koppers Texarkana site is located within the City
of Texarkana, Texas. The site consists of a 34-acre
residential area and a 28-acre former sand and gravel
operation. The Koppers Company operated the site as
a wood preserving facility from 1910 to 1961 using
pentachlorophenoi (PCP), creosote, and metallic salts
in the operation. The site is currently owned by Carver
Terrace, Inc. The Texas Department of Water Re-
sources became aware of the site in 1979 through the
Ekhardt Survey. The remedial investigation indicated
that the highest concentration of site contaminants in
the soil were located near the operations and drip
track areas of the old wood preserving facility. The pri-
mary contaminants of concern affecting the soil,
ground water and sediments are volatile organic com-
pounds including benzene, xylenes, and toluene, other
organics including polynuclear armotic hydrocarbons
and PCP, and metals including arsenic. The selected
remedial action for the site is included.
Keywords: 'Wood preservatives, 'Water pollution,
Sites, Substitutes, Residential buildings, Ground water,
Industrial wastes, Metals, Sediments, 'Superfund,
'Remedial action, 'Land pollution, Texarkana(Texas),
Risk assessment, Volatile organic compounds.
PB89-188932/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1):
Groveland Walls Nos. 1 and 2 Site, Valley Site
Source-Control Organic Operable Unit, Groveland,
Massachusetts (First Remedial Action), Septem-
ber 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Sep 88,242p EPA/ROD/R01 -88/030
The 850-acre Groveland Wells site is located In the
Town of Groveland, Essex County, Massachusetts
within the lower Johnson Creek drainage basin. The
site includes the watershed and aquifer which re-
charge two municipal supply wells, Station Nos. 1 and
2, and three known sources of soil, surface water, and
ground water contamination: the Valley site, the A.W.
Chesterson site, and the Havenhill Municipal Landfill
site. The selected remedial action for the Valley site
operable unit includes: in situ vacuum extraction of ap-
proximately 20,000 cu yds of unsaturated soil followed
by activated carbon treatment of the extracted VOCs;
onsite ground water pump and treatment by carbon
adsorption and aeration, with recharge to the aquifer of
a portion of the treated ground water.
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Organic compounds, 'Hazard-
ous materials, 'Waste disposal, Sites, Water pollution,
Water wells. Aquifers, Arsenic, Lead(Metal), Extrac-
tion, Soils, Activated carbon treatment. Aeration,
Ground water recharge, Massachusetts, Record of
Decision, First Remedial Action, 'Superfund,
Groveton(Massachusett8).
PB89-189419/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Radon Measurements In Schoola: An Interim
Report
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Mar 89,39p EPA/520/1-89/010
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The report provides school officials, groups such as
Parent-Teacher Associations, and other interested
person with interim information on how to measure
radon in schools and what to do if elevated levels are
found. The first sections of the document contain facts
about radon and the health risks associated with radon
exposure. The next sections summarize what is known
about radon in schools and provide guidance for con-
ducting radon measurements. The last sections de-
scribe how to interpret the measurement results and
suggest techniques that can be used to reduce radon
concentrations if elevated levels are found.
Keywords: "Radon, "School buildings, Public health,
Exposure, Radiation measuring instruments, Residen-
tial buildings, Houses, Children, "Indoor air pollution,
"Air pollution sampling, Risk assessment.
PB89-189468/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
West Virginia Ordnance Works, Mason County,
West Virginia, (Second Remedial Action), Septem-
ber 1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Sep 88,62p EPA/ROD/R03-88/053
See also PB88-106455.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The West Virginia Ordnance (WVO) site covers ap-
proximately 8,323 acres in Mason County, West Virgin-
ia. It is located on the east bank of the Ohio River.
General Chemical Defense Corporation of New York
operated the plant until 1945. Red and yellow water
(liquid wastes) were produced during the TNT manu-
facturing process. Yellow water was discharged to the
Mill Creek drainage system, which eventually drains
into the Ohio River; red water was discharged directly
to the Ohio River through a pipe located about one
foot offshore. In May 1981, ranger officials observed a
seep of red water adjacent to a pond located on the
wildlife station. Upon examination, ground water dis-
charging to this pond was found to be contaminated by
di- and trinitrotoluenes and phenol. The selected re-
medial action for this site addresses three distinct
areas of contamination.
Keywords: "Chemical industry, "Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, Sites, Water pollution, Ground water,
Land use, Decontamination, Water treatment, Nitro-
gen organic compounds, Aromatic compounds,
Record of Decision, Second Remedial Action, "Super-
fund, TNT, TNB, Mason County(West Virginia).
PB6S-189476/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Flke (Artel) Chemicals Site Nltro, West Virginia
(First Remedial Action), September 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Sep 88,49p EPA/ROD/R03-88/054
The Allied Chemical site is located in the City of Iron-
ton, Lawrence County, Ohio. This remedial action ad-
dresses the Goldcamp Disposal Area (GDA) operable
unit of the site. The GDA is a four-acre disposal pit lo-
cated in a mixed Industrial/business/resiclential area
bounded by Third Street on the east and the Ohio
River on the southwest. The wastes include: anthra-
cene residue, anthracene salts, phthalic anhydride
residue, and miscellaneous process wastes from the
Tar Plant; foundry sand containing heavy metals,
phenolics, and oils from the Dayton Malleable Iron
Company; and wastes disposed of by the Goldcamp
Gravel Company. The selected remedial action for this
site Includes: construction of a slurry wall; installation
of a multi-media RCRA cap; extraction and onsite
treatment of ground water from inside and outside the
containment system.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Inorganic com-
pounds, "Hazardous materials, "Waste disposal
Sites, Water pollution, Ground water, Chemical indus-
tiy, Acids, Asbestos, Cyanides, Metals, Record of De-
cision, First Remedial Action, "Superfund, Ironton
(Ohio).
PB89-189484/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Beachwood/Berkeley Wells, Ocean County, New
Jersey (First Remedial Action), June 1988. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Jun 88,45p EPA/ROD/R02-88/062
The Beachwood/Berkeley Well site, encompasses
Beachwood Borough and Berkeley Township in cen-
trai-east Ocean City, NJ. The total population of the
two municipalities is approximately 23,000. In re-
sponse to a public complaint of possible aluminum
contamination of drinking water, the New Jersey De-
partment of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) sam-
pled four potable wells and discovered the presence of
lead in exceedance of the Federal Interim Primary
Drinking Water Standard. Subsequent sampling con-
firmed the presence of lead at approximately 4 times
the standard. It was concluded that elevated concen-
trations of lead in drinking water were not caused by
man-made or Industrial sources. Rather, the sources
of lead include: a minor contribution from native area
ground water, lead packers used in well construction,
and dissolution of lead from lead-bearing materials of
home plumbing systems, particularly lead/tin solder.
The State of New Jersey is proceeding independently
of Federal Superfund financing to address the pres-
ence of and the problems posed by lead in drinking
water.
Keywords: "Lead(Metal), "Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, Sites, Water pollution, Water wells,
Drinking water, Ground water, Plumbing, Residential
buildings, New Jersey, Record of Decision, "Super-
fund, Berkeley Township(New Jersey), Ocean
City(New Jersey).
PB89-189492/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Asbestos Dump, Mllllngton Site, Mllllngton, New
Jersey (First Remedial Action), September 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Sep 88,36p EPA/ROD/R02-88/065
The Asbestos Dump site is an 11-acre commercial
property, formerly an asbestos processing plant, in
Millington, New Jersey. Part of the site lies within the
flood plain of the Passaic River which serves as a
public water supply source for 74,000 people. Asbes-
tos, Limited engaged in the fiberlzation and sale of as-
bestos at the site from 1927 until 1946. From 1946
until 1953, the plant was owned by Bernard E. Smith
and operated under the name of Smith Asbestos, Inc.,
a manufacturer of asbestos roofing and siding. Most of
the waste was recaptured and recycled during this
period, although broken siding and asbestos fibers
were dumped on a five-acre area on the property.
From 1959 until 1972, National Gypsum used phenyl-
mercuric acetate (PMA) as a fungicide to coat the as-
bestos shingles. The selected remedial action for this
site Includes: installation of a two-foot soil cover on
areas of exposed or minimally covered asbestos, con-
struction of slope protection/stabilization measures
along the asbestos mound embankment, and surface
run-off diversion channels on top of asbestos mound;
and long-term monitoring.
Keywords: "Fungicides, "Asbestos, "Hazardous mate-
rials, "Waste disposal, Sites, Water pollution, Earth
fills, Ground water, Soils, Coverings, Runoff, Embank-
ments, Soil stabilization, Record of Decision, First Re-
medial Action, "Superfund, Millington(New Jersey).
PB89-189500/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2);
Kln-Buc Landfill, Operable Unit I, Edison Town-
ship, Middlesex County, New Jersey (First Reme-
dial Action), September 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Sep 88,85p EPA/ROD/R02-88/068
The 220-acre Kin-Buc Landfill consists of a number of
inactive industrial and municipal waste disposal areas
and is located in the Raritan River 100-year flood plain
and within a coastal zone in Edison Township, Middle-
sex County, New Jersey. Landfill operations were con-
ducted between 1947 and 1977. Examples of wastes
received include solvents, waste oils, paint sludges,
cyanides, metal stripping waste and paint thinners.
The selected remedial action for this site includes: in-
stallation of a slurry wall surrounding the site; RCRA
capping over Kin-Buc II, a portion of the low-lying area
between Kin-Buc I and the Edison Landfill, and Pool C;
maintenance and upgrading, if necessary, of the Kin-
Buc I cap; collection of approximately 3 million gallons
of oily-phase leachate with oflsite incineration and re-
sidual disposal; collection and onsite biological or
carbon treatment of aqueous-phase leachate and con-
taminated ground water with discharge either to sur-
face water or POTW, and dewatering of residual
sludges and offsite disposal; ground water monitoring;
and O&M.
Keywords: "Vaporizing, "Organic compounds, 'Haz-
ardous materials, "Waste disposal, Sites, Water pollu-
tion, Solvents, Oils, Paints, Metals, Industrial wastes.
Cyanides, Earthfills, Incineration, Activated carbon
treatment, New Jersey, Record of Decision, First Re-
medial Action, "Superfund, Middlesex County(New
Jersey).
PB89-189518/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2): CUE
Wiring Devices, Juana Diaz, Puerto Rico (First He-
medial Action), September 1988. Final rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Sep 88,36p EPA/ROD/R02-88/069
The GE Wiring Devices site is located in Juana Oiaz,
Puerto Rico. The General Electric Company (Q.E.)
owns and operates a five-acre wiring devices plant at
this site, which assembled silent mercury swttahes
from 1957 until 1969. Approximately half a ion of mer-
cury was discarded along with 4,000 cu yds of detec-
tive switch parts and plastic scraps in an onsite waste-
ful area about 1 acre in area and 1 to 4 feet deep.
Ground water in the area is used as a source of drink-
ing water with a public supply well located approxi-
mately 1,500 feet west of the waste-fill area. Evidence
indicates that contamination of the water table Is oc-
curring due to the migration of perch water through the
clay layer that exists beneath the waste-fill area. Ap-
proximately 1,500 cu yds of near-surface soil south
and downgradient of the waste-fill area has been con-
taminated by mercury as a result of previous surface
runoff from the plant area. The selected remedial
action for this site includes: onsite hydrometalkiraical
treatment of the waste-fill materials, perched water,
and contaminated near-surface soil with disposal of
the treatment residue in the former waste-fill area, fol-
lowed by covering with a clean soil cover, and onsite
treatment of the process leaching agent.
Keywords: "Mercury(Metal), "Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, Sites, Water pollution, Ground water
Perched water, Decontamination, Soils, Residues,
Coverings, Electric wire, Wiring, Puerto Rico, Reoord
of Decision, First Remedial Action, "Superfund, Juana
Diaz(Puerto Rico).
PB89-189528/HSU	PC A0S/MF AOt
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region fie
IMC East Plant, Terrs Haute, Indiana Sit* (IMC>
(Second Remedial Action), June 1988. Final rapt
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Jun 88,80p EPA/ROD/R05-68/070
The IMC/Terre Haute site is located In southeastern
Terre Haute, Vigo County, Indiana. A waste
.	Kisjocat-
,	..s» wwomi/) iifwiaiia. n ifWHo (
area, encompassing approximately six acres, is locat-
ed in the northeastern portion of the plant site, ftnm
1946 to 1954 a small facility on a six-acre segment of
the property manufactured, packaged, and
I«ai ioa/I	kA»«A»» ***'"' L1 *
r.wr~.», ...w<»i«w«iiwi Kovnayeu* ana
housed technical-grade benzene hexachtortde (BHC-
tech). In 1980, approximately 28,500 cu yds erf soft,
rubble, piping and other debris were excavated and
placed in a secure clay-capped mound to prevent off-
site migration of BHC-tech. The cap system included a
surface drainage collection system and soil gas vent-
ing. The selected remedial action for this siteleno fur-
ther action with a maintenance program.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Hazardous materials, "Wast*
disposal, Sites, Water pollution, FluorohydrocaiboM.
Benzene, Chlorobenzenes, Excavation, Vent*. Oiei
soils, Maintenance, Indiana, Record of decision, nS
remedial action, 'Superfund, Terry Haute(lndiarta)
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB89-189534/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
PeterMn Sand and Gravel Site, UbertyvTlle, Illi-
nois (First Remedial Action), September 1988.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Sep 88,38p EPA/ROD/R05-88/072
Petersen Sand and Gravel (PSG) Is a 20-acre mining
site and a former disposal area located north of Liber-
tyvilie, Illinois. The site is part of a tract of land owned
since 1979 by the Lake County Forest Preserve Dis-
trict (LCFPD). The site consists of three disposal
areas- Raymond Petersen purchased the property in
1952, which included a 30-acre parcel east, and a 20-
acre parcel west of the river, and began the sand and
?ravel operations at the site later that year. Between
955 and 1958, unknown refuse was disposed of in
the four-acre landfill. In 1971 the Illinois Environmental
Protection Agency (IEPA) investigated reports of ille-
gal dumping and subsequently ordered immediate clo-
sure of the site. In 1973, the Illinois Pollution Control
Board ordered complete waste removal and covering
of the refuse. Additional reports cited that numerous
drums were not removed. The final remedial investiga-
tion report conducted by IEPA was completed in April
1988, indicating no presence of contaminants at levels
of concern, thus a feasibility study was not necessary.
The investigation analyzed over 150 organic and inor-
ganic compounds, and only manganese and iron ex-
ceeded secondary MCLs. The selected remedial
action for the site is no further action, since the find-
ings in the Rl indicated that previous removal actions
were adequate and that no unacceptable risk re-
mained on site.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Site surveys, 'Hazardous ma-
terials, 'Waste disposal, 'Mines(Excavations), Cost
analysis, Water pollution, Manganese, Iron, Sampling,
Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition), Perform-
ance evaluation, 'Superfund, 'Remedial action, 'Solid
waste management, 'Petersen Sand and Qravel,
'Land reclamation, 'Libertyyille(lllinois), Liquid waste
disposal, Contingency planning.
PBM-189642/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
NL/Taracorp/Qolden Auto Parts Sit*, St Louis
Park, Minnesota (Second Remedial Action) Sep-
tember 1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Sep 88,30p EPA/ROD/R05-88/077
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The NL/Taracorp/Golden Auto Parts site is located in
St Louis Park, Hennepin County, Minnesota. A sec-
ondary lead smelting facility operated onsite from 1940
until 1982. Aquifers beneath the site serve as primary
sources of drinking water in the area. Secondary lead
smelting operations recovered lead from lead plates,
battery fragments, and lead containers. The industrial
operations and onsite waste disposal activities result-
ed in elevated lead levels in air and onsite soil. Under a
Consent Order, NL conducted onsite investigations
and cleanup activities between 1985 and 1988includ-
Ing soil remediation, capping the site with asphalt and
establishing a long-term ground water monitoring pro-
gram. There are no contaminants of concern attributa-
ble to the site affecting the offsite soil.
Keywords: *Lead(Metal), 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Sites, Water pollution, Smelting,
Ground water, Soils, Monitoring, Minnesota, Record of
decision. First remedial action, 'Superfund, Cleanup,
Hennepin County(Mlnnesota).
PB89-180559/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
Mid-State Disposal Landfill, Marathon County,
Wisconsin (First Remedial Action), September
1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Sep 68,82p EPA/ROD/R05-88/076
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Mid-State Disposal (MSD) site is an abandoned
municipal and industrial waste landfill located In cen-
tral Wisconsin, in Cleveland Township, Marathon
County, about 4 miles northeast of Stratford. The area
has two offsite sludge disposal lagoons owned by
Weyerhaeuser, Inc. to the northeast, and private prop-
erty to the south. Specific wastes received included
papermill sludges, asbestos dust, solvents, pesticides,
paint sludges and metals. Four areas of contamination
have been identified at the site. The selected remedial
action for this site includes: Installation of new soil/
clay caps for the lagoon and landfills; site monitoring
that includes ground water, surface water, and landfill
gas monitoring; offsite ground water monitoring; provi-
sion of an alternate water supply for nearby resi-
dences; and improvement of surface water drainage.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'Waste disposal, Sites, Water pollution, Industrial
wastes, Paper mills, Sludge disposal, Asbestos,
Ground water, Pesticides, Solvents, Earth fills. Clay
soils, Methane, Monitoring, Record of Decision, First
Remedial Action, 'Superfund, Cleveland
Township(Wisconsin).
PB89-189633/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Needs Survey Report to Congress, 1988: Assess-
ment of Needed Publicly Owned Wastewater
Treatment Facilities In the United States.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Municipal Pollution Control.
Feb 89,70p EPA 430/09-89/001
See also PB87-157251.
The report provides EPA's detailed estimate of the
capital costs to build publicly owned municipal
wastewater treatment facilities to comply with the re-
quirements of the Clean Water Act. Tne 1988 Needs
Survey Focuses on construction grant eligible catego-
ry of need, rather than the expanded State Revolving
Fund eligibilities under the 1987 Amendments to the
Clean Water Act. EPA's needs estimates include those
facilities for which a water quality or public health prob-
lem could be documented in accordance with specific
criteria established in the 1988 Survey.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, 'Capitalized costs,
Construction, Estimates, Surveys, Requirements,
Public health, Grants, Assessments, United States,
Construction Grants Program, Clean Water Act of
1987.
PB89-189841/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Risk Assessment Management, Communication: A
Quid* to Selected Sources. Volume 2, Number 2.
Information guide,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Information Resources Management.
Oct 88,83p* EPA/IMSD-88/002B
See also PB88-210596.
The document is the sixth update in EPA's series of
risk management bibliographies. References were
gathered from the environmental, medical and scientif-
ic literature included in the following databases: Med-
line, Conference Papers Index, Enviroline, NTIS, PAIS
Public Affaire Information Service, ABI Inform, and
Legal Resource Index. The citations cover documents
added to those collections during the period from
March 1988 through August 1988. The original Guide
appeared in March 1987 and was followed by quarterly
updates. These earlier updates constitute volume one
of the current semiannual series. The document is sub-
divided into Risk Assessment Risk Management and
Risk Communication. The Table of Contents lists fur-
ther divisions of each of these categories. Citations are
arranged alphabetically by title, with the exception of
the chemical specific references. These citations are
grouped alphabetically by chemical name. Abstracts in
tne Risk Assessment section have been shortened or
eliminated if the content of the article Is adequately re-
flected In the title.
Keywords: 'Management planning, 'Bibliographies,
'Environmental surveys, 'Communications manage-
ment, Public health, Hazardous materials, Regulations,
Abstracts, Chemical compounds, Public relations,
'Risk assessment Occupational safety and health.
PB89-189682/H8U	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Cooperative Environmental Management
Poet-Remedial Use of Superfund Sites: Social and
Economic Effects of Remediation. Technical rept,
Tufts Univ., Medford, MA.
D. R. Mandell. Aug 88,55p EPA/600/9-89/021
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Cooperative Environmental
Management.
The purpose of the report is to study the social and
economic issues involved in cleaning up Superfund
sites. EPA usually avoids making land use an explicit
consideration when the Agency chooses a cleanup
strategy. Vet post-remediation land use assumptions
are part of the risk assessment calculation used in de-
termining cleanup levels of Superfund sites. Evasion of
significant issues, including use of the site after EPA
and the state completes work, only frustrates a com-
munity's efforts to understand and cope with a hazard-
ous waste site. A community's perceptions of how a
site affects them-including economic effects, health
problems, and a range of social and psychological
issues-will inevitably affect use of the site affect after
remediation is completed. Land use issues seem most
controversial where great pressure exists for residen-
tial development near Superfund sites. Re-use of a
contaminated site is usually more acceptable In indus-
trial zones and undeveloped areas. In all areas, post-
remediation use of sites will be shaped by public per-
ceptions of the property and its effect on the common-
wealth. Use of the formerly contaminated site, particu-
larly for residential or public use, may depend on over-
coming the taboo which forms during the process of
site discovery, investigation, and many technical stud-
ies.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Social effect, 'Eco-
nomic factors, Communities, Sites, Land use, Residen-
tial buildings, Conflicts, Citizen participation, Percep-
tion, Industries, Superfund, 'Remedial action, 'Clean-
up.
PB89-189849/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Paint Coatings: Controlled Field and Chamber Ex-
periments,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
E. O. Edney. Apr 89,20p EPA/600/3-89/032
To determine the impact of pollution levels on the
weathering rates of coatings, laboratory chamber ex-
periments and controlled field exposures at North
Carolina and Ohio sites were conducted in such a
manner to separate the contributions due to dry depo-
sition, wet deposition, precipitation pH, etc. The results
of these studies confirm that acidic gases such as S02
and HN03, as well as acids within rain, promote the
dissolution of alkaline components including CaC03,
ZnO, and Al flake from paint films. It is unclear from
these studies whether the removal of these compo-
nents reduces the service life or protective properties
of the paint film. Other researchers within the Coatings
Effects Program are conducting subsequent analyses
to determine micro-damage of these paints. The
uptake of acidic gases to painted surfaces is a com-
plex process that depends on several factors. The
deposition rate of S02 to a wet, painted surface may
be controlled by the level of oxidants such as H202.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Weathering, 'Paints, 'Pro-
tective coatings, Exposure, Sulfur dioxide, PH, Nitric
acid, Alkalinity, Dissolving, Controlled atmospheres,
Zinc oxides, Aluminum, Held tests, Tab!es(Data),
'Acid rain.
PB89-189856/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Application Guide for the Source PM10 Exhaust
Gin Recycle Sampling System,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
R. S. Martin, S. S. Dawes, A. D. Williamson, and W. E.
Farthing. Apr 89,151p EPA/600/3-88/058
Contract EPA-68-02-4442
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
The document describes assembly, operation, and
maintenance of the Exhaust Gas Recycle (EGR) sam-
pling system. The design of the sampling train allows
the operator to maintain a constant flow rate through
an inertial sampler while the gas flow rate into the sam-
pling nozzle is adjusted to remain isokinetic with the
local duct velocity. The manual specifically addresses
the operation of the EGR system for determination of
stationary source PM-10 emissions. Material in the text
includes: construction details, calibration procedures,
presampling calculations, sample retrieval, data reduc-
tion, and equipment maintenance.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Exhaust gases, 'Flow measurement, Gas
flow, Nozzles, Flow rate, Measuring instruments, Gas
meters, Orifices, "Particulate sampling, Stationary
sources.
PB89-189864/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Soil Sampling Quality Assurance User's Guide.
Second Edition,
Nevada Univ., Las Vegas. Environmental Research
Center.
D. S. Barth, B. J. Mason, T. H. Starks, and K. W.
Brown. Mar 89,268p EPA/600/8-89/046
See also PB84-198621. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Use of the first edition of the 'Soil Sampling Quality As-
surance User's Guide' as a text in a series of seminars
conducted at various U.S. EPA Regional Offices elicit-
ed many constructive comments for improvements
from seminar attendees. Many of these suggested im-
provements have been incorporated in the second edi-
tion. Specifically, the references have been updated,
particularly through the incorporation of recent U.S.
EPA guideline documents. More attention has been
given to experimental design, specifically to proce-
dures for developing data quality objectives. The sta-
tistical coverage has been expanded considerably to
include an introduction to applications of geostatistics
and a discussion of requirements for the definition of
support in conjunction with guidance for soil sampling.
The report is intended to be a living document provid-
ing state-of-the-art guidance.
Keywords: 'Soil surveys, "Quality assurance, 'Guide-
lines, 'Hazardous materials, Collecting methods, Man-
agement planning, Sampling, Sites, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, Auditing, Qualm control,
Data processing. Regulations, Sources, Standards,
Error analysis, 'Environmental monitoring, 'Land pol-
lution, 'Remedial response, Risk assessment, Path of
pollutants, Pollution control.
PB89-169872/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Control Technology Center.
Hospital Incinerator Operator Training Course:
Volume 1, Student Handbook. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Cary, NC.
R. M. Neulicht, L. S. Chaput, D. D. Wallace, M. B.
Turner, and S. G. Smith. Mar 89,254p EPA/450/3-89/
Contracts EPA-68-02-4395, EPA-68-08-0011
See also PB89-189880. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Con-
trol Technology Center.
The document is Volume I of a three-volume training
course for operators of hospital waste incinerators.
The course provides hospital waste incinerator opera-
tors with a basic understanding of the principles of in-
cineration and air pollution control and to identify good
operation and maintenance (O&M) practices. Proper
O&M, in addition to reducing air emissions, improves
equipment reliability and performance, prolongs equip-
ment life, and helps to ensure proper ash burnout. The
course is not intended to replace site-specific, hands-
on training of operators with the specific equipment to
be operated. Volume I is narrative in style and can be
used as a reference at the completion of the class.
Review questions and answers for students are pro-
vided at the end of each classroom session. The
course includes 11 separate classroom sessions cov-
ering topics such as basic combustion principles and
incinerator design; air pollution control equipment
design, function, operation, and monitoring; incinerator
operation; maintenance inspections; typical problems;
and State regulations.
Keywords: 'Hospitals, 'Incinerators, 'Manuals, 'Edu-
cation, Combustion, Design, Air pollution control
equipment, Operations, Maintenance, Problem solv-
ing, 'Air pollution control 'Medical waste incineration,
•Hospital waste incineration, 'Incinerator operator
training.
PB89-189880/HSU	PCA11/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Control Technology Canter
Hospital Incinerator Operator Training Course.
Volume 2, Presentation Slides. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst., Cary, NC.
R. M. Neulicht, L. S. Chaput, D. D. Wallace, M. B.
Turner, and S. G. Smith. Mar 89,243p EPA/450/3-89/
004
Contracts EPA-98-02-4395, EPA-68-08-0011
See also PB89-189872. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Con-
trol Technology Center.
The document is Volume II of a three-volume training
course for operators of hospital waste incinerators.
The course provides hospital waste incinerator opera-
tors with a basic understanding of the principles of in-
cineration and air pollution control and to identify good
operation and maintenance (O&M) practices. Proper
O&M, in addition to reducing air emissions, improves
equipment reliability and performance, prolongs equip-
ment life, and helps to ensure proper ash burnout.
Volume II contains classroom materials including a
copy of the presentation slides so that students can
follow along during the class and worksheets that can
be completed during the classroom sessions. The
course includes 11 separate classroom sessions cov-
ering topics such as basic combustion principles and
incinerator design; air pollution control equipment
design, function, operation, and monitoring; incinerator
operation; maintenance inspections; typical problems;
and State regulations.
Keywords: 'Hospitals, 'Incinerators, "Manuals,
'Visual aids, Education, Charts, Drawings, 'Presenta-
tion slides, 'Incinerator operator training, Medical
waste incineration, Hospital waste incineration, Air pol-
lution control.
PB89-190284/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati. OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Evaluation of Solidified Residue from Municipal
Solid Waste Combustors,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
D. R. Jackson. Apr 89,87p EPA/600/2-89/018
Contract EPA-68-01-69S9
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Hisk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The study was conducted to evaluate the effective-
ness of commercial solidification techniques for immo-
bilizing contaminants in municipal incinerator ash. Six
different ash samples from five plants were used.
None of the ash samples contained sufficient organic*
for detection, consequently such analyses were not
conducted on the solidified samples. Inorganic analy-
ses were made for thirteen metals, five of which were
the most prevalent - they were calcium, copper, lead,
sodium and zinc. Three solidification techniques were
used, all showed significant containment potential.
Keywords: 'Fly ash, 'Solid waste disposal, 'inciner-
ators, 'Municipalities, Residue disposal, Solidification,
Metals, Containment, Evaluation, Chemical analysis,
Calcium, Copper, Lead(Metal), Zinc, PH, Particle size,
Organic compounds, Recovery, Tables(Data).
PB89-190292/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Protozoan Sources of Spontaneous Conform Oc-
currence In Chlorinated Drinking Water,
Georgia Univ., Athens. Coll. of Veterinary Medicine.
E. B. Shotts, and R. E. Wooley. May 89,41 p EPA/800/
2-89/019
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The spontaneous occurrence of conforms in chlorinat-
ed drinking waters has resulted in concern over their
potential source and mechanism(s) of introduction into
water delivery systems. Previous observations related
to protozoal resistance to chlorine coupled with the in-
gestion of bacteria by this group of organisms prompt-
ed an in-depth study of bacterium-protozoan interac-
tion in the presence of chlorination. Bacteria used
were either from previous 'spontaneous conform out-
breaks' or potential human pathogens. The proto-
zoans utilized were laboratory adapted and wild strains
of protozoans found naturally in water reservoirs.
These organisms were established in axenic cocul-
tures and the effect of various concentrations of chlor-
ination and exposure were determined. It was found
that, alone, the bacteria were killed by from 0.25-1 mg/
L of chlorine; however, when ingested by protozoans,
these same bacteria survived in significant concentra-
tion levels of chlorination 4 to 10 times the above
dose. It further suggests a need for Increased aware-
ness in developing improved methods of treating res-
ervoir waters.
Keywords: 'Coliform bacteria, 'Protozoa, 'Chlorina-
tion, 'Water treatment, Interactions,
Tolerances(Physiology), Survival, Drinking water.
Sources, Water distribution, Distribution systems. Res-
ervoirs, Bacteria, Exposure, Bioassay, Dosage, Water
borne diseases.
PB89-190300/HSU	PC A04/MF AOI
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Wetlands and Water Quality; EPA's (Environmen-
tal Protection Agency's) Research and Monitoring
Implementation Plan for the Years 1989-94,
NSI Technology Services Corp., Corvallis, OR.
P. R. Adamus. Apr 89,61p EPA/600/3-89/039
Contract EPA-68-C8-0006
Prepared in cooperation with Weston (Roy F.), Inc.,
Washington, DC. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmen-
tal Research Lab., OR.
The document describes products which the US EPA
Wetlands Research Program proposes to develop
during the years 1989-1994. The general protocols
used to develop these products are also described. AN
these products are intended to address concerns
about the wetlands and water quality, and are part of a
larger set of products EPA is developing to deal with
other aspects of wetlands. EPA's highly interrelated
concerns about wetlands and water quality can be
generally categorized as follows: Water quality criteria
to protect wetland function; Ecological status of the
wetland resource; and waste assimilation limits of wet-
lands.
Keywords: 'Research projects, 'Water pollution. Pro-
posals, Monitoring, Ecology, Protection, Waste dispos-
al, 'Wetlands, Environmental Protection Agency,
Water quality criteria.
PB89-190318/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Baghouse Efficiency on a Multiple Hearth Inciner-
ator Burning Sewage Sludge,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. C. Adams, L. E. Keller, E. V. Robb, M. C. Vancil, and
J. B. Farrell. Apr 89,216p EPA/600/2-89/016
Contract EPA-68-03-3148
See also PB88-1 l2l64.Portions of this document are
not fully legible. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Water Engineering Re-
search Lab.
A pilot-scale fabric filter (baghouse) was evaluated for
its removal performance for 23 metals and for sulfur as
well as for total particles when fitted to a multiple
hearth incinerator burning sewage sludge. The small
scale baghouse was installed to take a slipstream of
about 3% of the total incinerator emissions. Particle
size fractions were collected from the gas streams en-
tering and leaving the baghouse. Each particle size
fraction was analyzed for the 24 elemental species
and baghouse performance was evaluated for overall
removal efficiency, size fraction removal efficiency,
and for selective removal of specific metals. Total con-
centrations of each element in the controlled emission
stream was determined as well as the proportionate
concentrations of species in the solid and volatile
states. Concentrations of each metal in the emission
stream was compared with the concentration in a
sludge residue. To obtain comparisons of baghouse
performance with a more typical emission control
device, the performance of the incinerator's full scale
wat scrubber was also evaluated.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Inciner-
ators, 'Metals, Sulfur, Solid waste disposal, Deskri
criteria, Performance evaluation. Particle 55*,
Concentration(Compos)t)on),	Scrubbers.
Tables(Data), 'Baghouaes, 'Fabric filters, "Sewaoe
sludge, 'Air pollution sampling.
PB89-190359/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH Rtek
Reduction Engineering Lab.	'
Persistence of Psthogens In Lagoon-Stemi
Sludge. Final rept. Aug 82-Jul 86,
Tulane Univ., New Orleans, LA.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
R. S. Beimers, M. D. Little, T. G. Akers, W. 0.
Henriques, and R. C. Badeaux. Apr 89,232p EPA/
600/2-89/015
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The project objective was to investigate pathogen in-
activation in lagoon-stored municipal sludges. The in-
field lagoons were located in Louisiana (New Orleans)
and in Texas (Port Aransas), both semitropical areas
of the United States. Each lagoon was filled with 7.56
cu m of anaerobically digested sludae to which a spike
containing a mixture of Salmonella Hvingstone, poiiovi-
rus Type 1, and Ascaris suum eggs was added. The
field and laboratory data demonstrated that 15 mo of
storage was required for pathogen inactivation to meet
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA)
Process to Further Reduce Pathogens (PFRP) criteria
for lagoon-stored sludges in a semitropical climate. In
the study, viable Ascaris eggs were inactivated in 15
mo in the New Orleans lagoon where the temperature
averaged about 25 C over a 5 mo period. Salmonella
IMngstone was inactivated in 4 to 6 mo in both lagoons
at a log-reduction rate of 1.2 and 1.6 log Most Proba-
ble Number (MPN)/mo/100 ml in New Orleans and
Port Aransas sediments, respectively. Total coliforms
and fecal coliforms declined 2 to 6 logs within 12 mo.
Keywords: 'Lagoons(Ponds), 'Deactivation, Sludge,
Microorganisms, Tables(Data), Waste treatment,
•Parthogens, 'Persistence, 'Municipal sludges.
PB89-190367/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Cost and Performance of Membrane* for Organic
Control In Small Systems: Flagler Beach and
Punta Qorda, Florida. Final rept. 1 Jun 88-28 Feb
69
University of Central Florida, Orlando. Dept. of Civil En-
Sineering and Environmental Soiences.
. S. Taylor, L A. Mulford, W. M. Barrett, S. J.
Duranceau, and D. K. Smith. May 89,272p EPA/800/
2-89/022
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The project documented the performance and cost of
low pressure membrane technology to remove THM
precursors from drinking water. A 12,500 gpd mem-
brane pilot plant was operated for one year at both
groundwater and surface water source test sites in
Florida. Use of this type of membrane technology on
such surface water will require lower membrane flux,
lower recovery, more frequent membrane cleanings
and extensive pretreatment. Capital costs for such an
application will be significantly higher than convention-
al treatment.
Keywords: 'Drinking water, 'Water treatment, 'Mem-
branes, 'Organic compounds, 'Cost analysis, Low
pressure research, Florida, Performance evaluation,
Ground water, Surface waters, Flagler Beach,
Concentration(Compoaitlon), TablesfData), Sampling,
Capitalized costs, Operating costs, Experimental de-
signs, Quality control, Field tests, 'Halomethanes,
Punta Gorda(Florida), Water pollution sampling.
PB89-19037S/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
86ssnwnt L&i}.
Dov^iopmont of Sampling Methods for Sourco
PM10 Emissions. Final rept.,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
A. D. Williamson, W. E. Farthing, S. S. Dawes, J. D.
McCain, and R. S. Martin. Apr 89,192p EPA/600/3-
88/056
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
The report describes an investigation of the needs and
available techniques for in-stack PM-10 sampling. Dis-
cussion includes the conceptualization, development,
documentation, and testing of two candidate methods.
The first method, Constant Sampling Rate (CSR), Is a
procedural approach which adds particle size separa-
tion to sampling hardware that has been widely used in
EPA Methods Sand 17 but modifies the sampling pro-
tocol to accomplish the PM-10 objectives. The second
method, Exhaust Gas Recycle (EGR), is an equipment
approach which accomplishes the PM-10 objectives
by using a modified sampling train to implement the
concept of exhaust gas recirculation. Six field studies
indicated that these techniques were practical and
compared well with one another and witn more labor-
intensive approaches. Laboratory investigations with
monodisperse aerosols indicated that commonly used
geometries for sampling nozzles could cause a de-
crease in the particle size out of a closely coupled iner-
tial sizing device. Nozzle geometries were also found
which eliminated the observed shifts in particle size
cut.
Keywords: 'Chimneys, 'Particle size, 'Combustion
products, Experimental design, Field tests, Perform-
ance evaluation, Cyclone separators, Nozzles, Error
analysis, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Particulate sam-
pling, 'Stationary sources.
PB89-190433/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Colorado, Water Year
1988. Volume 1: Missouri River Basin, Arkansas
River Basin, and Rio Qrande Basin. Water-data
rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 87-30 Sep 88,
Geological Survey, Lakewood, CO.
R. C. Ugland, B. J. Cochran, J. L. Ebling, and R. D.
Steger. Mar 89,423p USGS/WRD/HD-89/228,
USGS/WDR/CO-88/1
See also PB89-190441.
Water-resources data for Colorado for the 1988 water
year consist of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality
of lakes and reservoirs. The report (Volumes 1 and 2)
contains discharge records for 310 gaging stations,
stage and contents of 25 lakes and reservoirs, 5 par-
tial-record low-flow stations, peak flow information for
40 crest-stage partial record stations, and 1 miscella-
neous site; water quality for 114 gaging stations, 170
miscellaneous sites, and for 14 observation wells. Four
pertinent stations in bordering states also are included
in the report
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Colora-
do, Water pollution, Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes,
Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Temperature,
Tables(Data), Missouri River Basin, Arkansas River
Basin, Rio Grande Basin, 'Water quality data, Hydro-
logic data, Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB89-190441/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Colorado, Water Year
1988. Volume 2: Colorado River Basin. Water-data
rept (Annual) 1 Oct 87-30 Sep 88,
Geological Survey, Lakewood, CO.
R. C. Ugland, B. J. Cochran, R. G. Kretschman, E. A.
Wilson, and J. D. Bennett. Mar 89,381 p USGS/WRD/
HD-89/229, USGS/WDR/CO-38/2
See also PB89-190433.
Water-resources data for Colorado for the 1988 water
year consist of records of stage, discharge, and water
quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality
of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water
quality of wells and springs. The report (Volumes 1 and
2) contains discharge records for 310 gaging stations,
stage and contents of 25 lakes and reservoirs, 5 par-
tial-record low-flow stations, peak flow information for
40 crest-stage partial record stations, and 1 miscella-
neous site; water quality for 114 gaging stations, 170
miscellaneous sites; and for 14 observation wells. Four
pertinent stations in bordering States also are included
in the report.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Colora-
do, Water pollution, Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes,
Streams, Reservoirs, Water table. Temperature,
Tables(Data), Colorado River Basin, 'Water quality
data, Hydrologic data, Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB89-190573/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
USEPA (United State* Environmental Protection
Agency) Method Study 35.SW Method 3005. Add
Digestion of Waters for Total Recoverable or Dis-
solved Metals for Analyses by name Atomic Ab-
sorption Spectroscopy.- Rept for Sep 88-Dec 87
(Final),
Bionetics Corp., Cincinnati, OH.
K. W. Edgell. Apr 89,281 p EPA/600/4-88/015
Contract EPA-68-03-3254
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
An interlaboratory collaborative study was conducted
to determine the precision and bias (recovery) of Solid
Waste (SW) Method 3005 for the analysis of 21 ele-
ments in ground water. The study design was based
upon Youden's non-replicate plan for collaborative
tests of analytical methods. Each water type was
spiked with six concentrations (as three Youden pairs)
of the 21 test elements and was prepared using nitric/
hydrochloric acid digestion and anajyzed by Atomic
Absorption (AA-Direct Aspiration). Test data from
three spiked ground water sources were compared
against reagent water which was used as a control.
Tne study produced, for each element, measures of
precision and mean recovery for the acid digestion/
AA-Direct Aspiration and compared the performance
of the method between water types and reagent water.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Ground water, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Metals, 'Site surveys, 'Solid waste
disposal, Tabies(Data), Concentration(Composition),
Quality assurance, Quality control, Data processing,
Emission spectroscopy, Atomic spectroscopy, 'Water
pollution detection, 'Water pollution sampling.
PB89-190581/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
USEPA (Environmental Protection Agency)
Method Study 38 SW-848 Methods 8270/3510,
GC/MS (Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrome-
try) Method for Semivolatile Organic*: Capillary
Column Technique Separatory Funnel Liquid-
Liquid Extraction. Final rept. Sep 86-Dec 87,
Bionetics Corp., Cincinnati, OH.
K. W. Edgell, and R. J. Wesselman. Apr 89,289p EPA/
600/4-89/010
Contract EPA-68-03-3254
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
An interlaboratory collaborative study was conducted
to determine the precision and bias (recovery) of
Office of Solid Waste (OSW) 8270/3510 for the analy-
sis of 59 semivolatile organic compounds in ground-
water. OSW Method 8270 is entitled 'GC/MS Method
for Semivolatile Organics Capillary Column Technique'
and includes instructions for quality control, sample
preparation and analysis of samples by GC/MS. OSW
Method 3510 is entitled 'Separatory Funnel Liqui-
Liquid Extraction.' The study design was based upon
Youden's non-replicate plan for collaborative tests of
analytical methods. Each water type was spiked with
three Youden sample pairs of the 59 semivolatile com-
pounds and analyzed using Methods 8270/3510. The
test waters included reagent water as a 'control'
against which other test data were compared and two
t^jes of groundwater. The resulting data were ana-
lyzed using the USEPA computer program entitled, 'ln-
tertaboratory Method Validation Study (IMVS).' The
data analyses produced measures of precision and re-
covery for each compound in each water type and
compared the performance of the method between
water types.
Keywords: 'Gas chromatography, 'Mass spectrosco-
py, 'Water analysis, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Ground
water, 'Organic compounds, Chemical analysis. Sol-
vent extraction, Quality control, Statistical analysis, Ex-
perimental design. Data processing, Tables(Data),
Concentratton(Composition), "EPA method 8270,
'EPA method 3510, 'Water pollution detection, Water
pollution sampling.
PB89-190615/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Control Technology Center.
Operation and Maintenance of Hospital Medical
Waste Incinerators. Final rept.,
Midwest Research Inst, Cary, NC.
R. M. Neulicht, M. B. Turner, L. S. Chaput, D. D.
Wallace, and S. G. Smith. Mar 89,212p EPA 450/3-
89/002
Contracts EPA-68-02-4395, EPA-68-C8-0011
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Control Technology Center.
The document identifies the operation and mainte-
nance (04M) procedures that should be practiced on
hospital medical waste incinerators and associated air
pollution control equipment to minimize air emissions.
Proper O&M, in addition to reducing air emissions, im-
proves equipment reliability and performance, pro-
longs equipment life, and helps to ensure proper ash
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
burnout. The document provides general guidance on
proper O&M procedures with the intention of identify-
ing good operating practices. The document is intend-
ed as a technical guide for use by federal, state, and
local agency personnel, hospital waste management
personnel, and hospital incinerator operators. The
document presents background information on hospi-
tal medical waste incineration systems including a
summary of combustion principles and descriptions of
the types of incinerators typically used for hospital
medical wastes. Background information on add-on air
pollution control systems is presented. Key operating
parameters and good operating practices for the incin-
eration and air pollution systems are identified and dis-
cussed. General guidance on maintenance of the sys-
tems is provided.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Incinerators, 'Air
pollution control equipment, 'Guidelines, Operations,
Maintenance, Performance evaluation. National gov-
ernment, State government, Local government,
Design criteria, Safety, 'Hospital solid wastes, Envi-
ronmental monitoring, Fabric filters, Venturi scrubbers.
PB89-190821/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Guide to Treatment Technologies for Hazardous
Wastes at Superfund Sites.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Engineering and Technology.
Mar 89, 31 p EPA/540/2-89/052
Also available from Supt. of Docs. See also PB88-
113360.
The guidebook addresses alternative technologies
that can be used to treat wastes at Superfund sites.
These treatment methods comprise the following five
sections of the alternative technologies table: Biologi-
cal treatment; Chemical treatment; Physical treatment;
Stabilization, solidification, and encapsulation treat-
ment; and Thermal treatment.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
Sites, Activated sludge process, Activated carbon
treatment, Bacteria, Chlorination, Fluidized bed proc-
ess, Distillation, Filtration, Separation, Superfund, Ro-
tating biological contactor.
PB89-190854/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 107.2: Heptachlor.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
26 Apr 89,18p EPA/540/FS-89/053
See also PB87-233748.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred: (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard; (2) Issuance of each
special review document; (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern; (4) Registration of a new
chemical; or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Standards, Toxicology, Ecology, Regu-
lation, Pest control, Chlorine alipnatic compounds,
Chlorine organic compounds, Insecticides, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Chemical Information fact sheet, Use pat-
terns, 'Heptachlor, Methanoindene/heptachloro-te-
trahydro.
PB89-190862/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Outdance for the Registration of Pesticide
Products Containing Dicrotophos as the Active
Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Apr 82,100p EPA/540/RS-88/137
The document contains Information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing dicrotophos.
The document includes how to register under a regis-
tration standard, regulatory position and rationale, and
summaries of date requirements and data gaps. Also
included is a bibliography containing citations of all
studies reviewed by the EPA in arriving at the positions
and conclusions contained in the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Guidelines, 'Acaricldes, 'In-
secticides, Standards, Packaging, Labels, Marking,
1298 Vol. 90, No. 24
Hazardous materials, Ecology, Agricultural products,
Manufacturing, Public health, Regulations.
Tables(Data), Carbamates, Crotonic acid, 'Reregistra-
tion, 'Toxic substances, 'Dicrotophos, Federal Insec-
ticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, CAS 141-66-2,
Crotonamide/hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl, Phosphoric acid/
(dimethyl ester).
PB89-190870/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet No. 201: Methomyl.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Apr 89,11p EPA/540/FS-89/051
See also PB82-180738.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred: (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard; (2) Issuance of each
special review document; (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern; (4) Registration of a new
chemical; or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Standards, Toxicology, Or-
ganic compounds, Manufacturing, Chemistry, Regula-
tions, Residues, Insecticides, Carbamates, 'Metho-
myl.
PB89-190888/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 202: Flurprlmldol.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
22 Feb 89,13p EPA/540/FS-89/054
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred. Issuance or reissuance
of a registration standard; Issuance of each special
review document; Registration of a significantly
changed use pattern; Registration of a new chemical,
or an immediate need for information to resolve con-
troversial issues relating to a specific chemical or use
pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Herbicides, Hazardous mate-
rials, Chemical properties, Regulations, Toxicity, Ecol-
ogy, Requirements, Turf grasses, Ornamental plants,
Body weight, Rats, Growth regulators, Inhibitors, *Flur-
primidol, Chemical information fact sheet, Use pat-
terns, Science findings, CAS Number: 56425-91-3.
PB89-191217/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Basic Instructor Training Course: Fundamentals
of Environmental Compliance Inspections. Legal,
Technical, Administration, Communications. In-
structor Quids.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring.
Mar 89,411p
See also PB89-191225.
The Instructor Guide is designed for use in presenting
the training course that inspectors employed by the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency must complete
to satisfy the basic training requirements of EPA Order
3500.1, Training and Development for Compliance In-
spectors/Field Investigators. The Instructor Guide is
based on the student text 'Fundamentals of Environ-
mental Compliance Inspections' and includes lectures,
group participation exercises, and discussion topics in-
tended to reinforce the materials in the text.
Keywords: Manuals, 'Instructors, 'Education, Inspec-
tion, Law(Jurisprudence), Regulations, Standards,
'Environmental compliance, Environmental enforce-
ment.
PB89-191225/HSU	PC A21/MF A01
Basic Inspector Training Course: Fundamentals of
Environmental Compliance Inspections. Legal,
Technical, Administration, Communicatlona.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Enforcement and Compliance Monitoring.
Mar 89,496p
See also PB89-191217.
The Text is designed for use with the Classroom Train-
ing Course that inspectors employed by the U.S. EPA
must complete to satisfy the basic training require-
ments of EPA Order 3500.0 (Training and Develop-
ment for Compliance Inspectors/Fiela Investigators).
The Text covers legal, technical, administrative, and
communications aspects of performing inspection
work under all statutes administered by EPA.
Keywords: Manuals, 'Education, 'Training, Instruc-
tions, Inspection, Law(Jurisprudence), Litigation, Li-
abilities, 'Environmental compliance, 'Training, Envi-
ronmental enforcement, Legal aspects. Environmental
monitoring.
PB89-192025/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Technology Evaluation Report: SITE (Superfund
Innovative Technology Evaluation) Program Dem-
onstration Test. Terra Vac In situ Vacuum Extrac-
tion System, Groveland, Massachusetts. Volume
Foster Wheeler Enviresponse, Inc., Livingston, NJ.
P. A. Michaels. Apr 89,112p EPA/540/5-89/003A
Contract EPA-68-03-3255
See also Volume 2, PB89-192033. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Re-
duction Engineering Lab.
An evaluation was made of Terra Vac Inc.'s vacuum
extraction system during a 56-day demonstration test
run at Valley Manufactured Product Company's site in
Groveland, Massachusetts. This site is part of the
Groveland Wells Superfund site and is contaminated
mainly by trichloroethylene. The report, one of three
volumes, includes a detailed discussion of the oper-
ations of the vacuum extraction unit, a process de-
scription and diagram of the system and a summary of
the sampling and analytical protocols. The final sam-
pling and analytical report and the quality assurance
project plan are included. An overall evaluation of the
process cost and its applicability to other Superfund
sites across the country is included. Both shallow soil
gas and soil VOC concentrations showed a decline
with time which was correlatable. The process worked
well in soils of both high and low permeability. The
system operation was very reliable during the 56-day
demonstration test run and the only operation atten-
tion required was to replace the spent activated
carbon canisters with fresh canisters.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Storage tanks, 'Industri-
al wastes, 'Hazardous materials, 'Site surveys, 'Ma-
chine shops, 'Earth fills, Leakage, Water pollution
Drinking water, Vacuum apparatus, Chemical analysis,'
Soil analysis, Cost analysis, Performance evaluation
Extraction, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial action'
'GrovelandfMassachusetts), 'Ethylene/trichloro'
Land pollution. Volatile organic compounds, Envirorv
mental transport.
PB89-192033/HSU	PC A1S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Technology Evaluation Report: SITE (Superfund
Innovative Technology Evaluation) Program Dem-
onstration Test Terra Vac In situ Vacuum Extrac-
tion System, Groveland, Massachusetts. Volume
2.
Foster Wheeler Enviresponse, Inc., Livingston, NJ.
P. A. Michaels. Apr 89,337p EPA/540/5-69/003B
Contract EPA-68-03-3255
See also Volume 1, PB89-192025.Porttons of this doc-
ument are not fully legible. Sponsored by Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction
Engineering Lab.
Sampling and analysis was conducted during the
Terra-Vac In-sltu Vacuum Extraction Project in Grove-
land, Massachusetts. The Terra-Vac process was
demonstrated and tested under the U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency's (EPA's) Superfund Innovative
Technology Evaluation (SITE) program. The malor ob-
jectives of the demonstration were: (1) determine the
ability of the technology to reach an acceptable low
level of contaminant concentration in the soil- (2) to
assess the effectiveness in various soil types: (3$ to
gather capital and operating costs; and (4) to gain oar
formance and reliability information. A secondarv ob.
jective was to establish a correlation between volatile
organic concentrations in soils and concentration In
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
three volumes. Volume II, Field Data Sheets, contains
copies of the original daily sample data sheets which
were used to record process conditions and sampling
information. In addition, copies of the chain-of-custody
sheets used during the project are also included.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Storage tanks, 'Industri-
al wastes, 'Hazardous materials, 'Site surveys, 'Ma-
chine shops, 'Earth fills, Quality assurance, Field
tests, Graphs(Charts), Leakage, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Water pollution, Sam-
pling, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial action,
'Groveland(Massachusetts), 'Ethylene/trichloro, En-
vironmental transport, Volatile organic compounds,
Land pollution.
PB89-192041/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Acrylamids
(Final Draft), July 1987.
Ufa Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH.
Jul 87,186p TR-832-104A
Contract EPA-68-03-3279
See also PB86-117744. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Criteria and
Standards Div.
The Office of Drinking Water, Environmental Protec-
tion Agency has prepared a Drinking Water Criteria
Document on Acrylamide. The Criteria Document is an
extensive review of the following topics: Physical and
chemical properties of Acrylamide; Toxicokinetics and
human exposure to Acrylamide; Health effects of Ac-
rylamide in humans and animals; Mechanisms of toxi-
cological effects of Acrylamide; Quantification of toxi-
cological effects of Acrylamide.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water quality, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Amides, Reviews, Physical properties, Chemical
properties, Reaction kinetics, Exposure, Public health,
Laboratory animals, Risk, Carcinogens, Mutagens,
Concentration(Composition), 'Drinking water, 'Acryl-
amide, 'Water pollution standards, 'Environmental
health, 'Water pollution effects(Humans), 'Water pol-
lution effects(Animals), Toxicokinetics, Case studies,
Health risks, Health effects, Occupational safety and
health, Chemical reaction mechanisms, Path of pollut-
ants, Water pollution abatement.
PBM-192066/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Aldicarb
(Ftoiri), January 1968,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Crrteria and Assessment Office,
j F. Rishner. Jan 88,181 p
Sea also PB86-117751.
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), Environmental
Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water Cri-
teria Document on Aldlearb. This Criteria Document is
an extensive review of the following topics: Physical
and chemical properties of Aldlearb; toxicokinetics
and human exposure to Aldicarb; Health Effects of Al-
dteaito in humans and animals; Mechanisms of toxico-
ipnfMi effects of Aldicarb; Quantification of toxicologi-
cal effects of Aldicarb.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water quality, 'Toxicol-
'	nMAArflAfi Drinntlnn IiIhaMju ^kAinUiil
properties
health, E»
^andards, 'Environmental health, 'Aldicarb sulfone,
Mater pollution effects(Humans), Water pollution
0fjacts(Animals).
MM9-192074/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
inh*lno Water Criteria Document for Asbestos
Draft), March 1986,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
ufrnnmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
C. Sonich-Mullln, Y. Patel, S. Bayard, and B. T.
Moeeman. Mar 85,192p
geealSO PB88-118202.
tha Office of Drinking Water (ODW), Environmental
Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water Cri-
^rtaDocument on Abestos. This Criteria Document is
lZ extensive review of the following topics: Physical
and chemical properties of Abestos; Toxicokinetics
¦nd human exposure to Abestos; Health Effects of
>baatmi in humans and animals; Mechanisms of toxici-
ty of Abestos; Quantification of toxicological effects of
Abestos.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water quality, 'Toxicol-
ogy, 'Asbestos, Physical properties, Reaction kinetics,
Chemical properties, Industnal medicine, Water pollu-
tion, Public health, Exposures, 'Drinking water, 'Water
pollution standard, 'Environmental health, Water pol-
lution effects(Humans), Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB89-192082/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Atrazine
(External Review Draft), August 1988.
Dynamac Corp., Rockvllle, MD.
Aug 88,120p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
The Office of Drinking Water, Environmental Protec-
tion Agency has prepared a Drinking Water Criteria
Document on Atrazine. The Criteria Document is an
extensive review of the following topics: Physical
chemical properties of Atrazine; Toxicokinetics and
human exposure to Atrazine; Health effects of Atrazine
in humans and animals; Mechanisms of toxicological
effects of Atrazine; Quantification of toxicological ef-
fects of Atrazine.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water quality, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Chlorine organic compounds, Nitrogen heterocy-
clic compounds, Reviews, Physical properties, Chemi-
cal properties, Reaction kinetics, Public health, Expo-
sure, laboratory animals, Risk, Carcinogens, Muta-
gens, Concentration(Composition), 'Drinking water,
'Atrazine, *T riazine/chloro-ethylamlno-lsopropyla-
mino, 'Water pollution standards, 'Environmental
health, 'Water pollution effects(Humans), 'Water pol-
lution effects(Animals), Health effects, Toxicokinetics,
Case studies, Health risks, Occupational safety and
health, Chemical reaction mechanisms, Path of pollut-
ants, Water pollution abatement.
PB89-192090/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Barium
(Final Draft), December 1987.
Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH.
1987,158p TR-832-92
Contract EPA-68-03-3279
See also PB86-118031. Sponsored bv Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Drinking
Water.
The Office of Drinking Water, Environmental Protec-
tion Agency has prepared a Drinking Water Criteria
Document on barium. The Criteria Document is an ex-
tensive review of the following topics: Physical chemi-
cal properties of Barium; Toxicokinetics and human ex-
posure to Barium; Health effects of Barium in humans
and animals; Mechanisms of toxicological effects of
Barium; Quantification of toxicological effects of
Barium.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water quality, 'Toxicol-
ogy, 'Barium, Reviews, Physical properties, Reaction
kinetics. Chemical properties, Exposure, Public health,
Laboratory animate, Risk, Carcinogens, Mutagens,
Concentration(Composition), 'Drinking water, 'Water
pollution standards, 'Environmental health, 'Water
pollution effects(Humans), 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Toxicokinetics, Case studies, Health
risks, Health effects, Occupational safety and health,
Chemical reaction mechanisms, Path of pollutants,
Water pollution abatement.
PB89-192108/H8U	PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Carbofuran
(Final Draft), April 1987.
Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH.
Apr 87,10Op TR-832-98
Contract EPA-68-03-3279
See also PB86-118007. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Drinking
Water.
The Office of Drinking Water, Environmental Protec-
tion Agency has prepared a Drinking Water Criteria
Document on Carbofuran. The Criteria Document is an
extensive review of the following topics: Physical and
chemical properties of Carbofuran; Toxicokinetics and
human exposure to Carbofuran; Health effects of Car-
bofuran in humans and animals; Mechanisms of toxi-
cological effects of Carbofuran; Quantification of toxi-
cological effects of Carbofuran.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water quality, 'Toxicol-
ogy, 'Carbofuran, Reviews, Physical properties, Reac-
tion kinetics, Chemical properties, Exposure, Furans,
Public health, Laboratory animals, Risk, Carcinogens,
Mutagens, Concentration(Composition), 'Drinking
water, 'Water pollution standards, 'Environmental
health, 'Water pollution effects(Humans), 'Water pol-
lution effects(Animals), 'Environmental health, *Car-
bamic acid/((dihydro-dimethyl)-benzofuranyl ester)-
methyl, Toxicokinetics, Case studies, Health risks,
Health effects, Occupational safety and health, Chemi-
cal reaction mechanisms, Path of pollutants, Water
pollution abatement.
PB89-192116/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Health Effects Criteria Document for Chloroben-
zene (Final Draft), June 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Jun 88,104p
See also B88-242706.
The Office of Drinking Water, Environmental Protec-
tion Agency has prepared a Drinking Water Criteria
Document on Monochlorobenzene. The Criteria Docu-
ment is an extensive review of the following topics:
Physical chemical properties of Monochlorobenzene;
Toxicokinetics and human exposure to Monochloro-
benzene; Health effects of Monochlorobenzene in
humans and animals; Mechanisms of toxicological ef-
fects of Monochlorobenzene; Quantification of toxico-
logical effects of Monochlorobenzene.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Toxicology, 'Water qual-
ity, Exposure, Carcinogens, Physical properties,
Chemical properties, Public health,
Concentration(Composition), "Drinking water, 'Water
pollution standards, 'Health effects, Water pollution
effects(Humans), 'Chiorobenzene, 'Environmental
health, Health risks, Toxicokinetics, Path of pollutants,
Chemical reaction mechanisms, Water pollution
abatement, Occupational safety and health.
PB89-192124/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Chromium
(Final Draft), December 1986.
Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH.
Dec 86,183pTR-832-91
Contract EPA-68-03-3279
See also PB86-118072. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Drinking
Water.
The Office of Drinking Water, Environmental Protec-
tion Agency has prepared a Drinking Water Criteria
Document on Chromium. The Criteria Document is an
extensive review of the following topics: Physical
chemical properties of Chromium; Toxicokinetics and
human exposure to Chromium; Health effects of Chro-
mium in humans and animals; Mechanisms of toxico-
logical effects of Chromium; Quantification of toxico-
logical effects of Chromium.
Keywords: 'Potable water. 'Water quality, 'Toxicol-
ogy, 'Chromium, Reviews, Physical properties. Reac-
tion kinetics, Chemical properties, Exposure, Public
health, Laboratory animals, Risk, Carcinogens, Muta-
gens, Concentration(Compo8ition), 'Drinking water,
Water pollution standards, 'Environmental health,
'Water pollution effects(Humans), 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Toxicokinetics, Case studies, Health
risks. Health effects, Occupational safety and health,
Chemical reaction mechanisms, Path of pollutants,
Water pollution abatement
PB89-192132/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for DBCP (Df-
bromocnloropropane) (Final Draft), March 1968.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
S. B. Wilbur, D. A. Gray, P. R. Durkin, M. W. Neal, and
W. Stewart. Mar 88,220p
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The Office of Drinking Water, Environmental Protec-
tion Agency has prepared a Drinking Water Criteria
Document on Dibromochloropropane. The Criteria
Document is an extensive review of the following
topics: Physical and chemical properties of Dibromo-
chloropropane; Toxicokinetics and human exposure to
Dibromochloropropane; Health effects of Dibromo-
chloropropane in humans and animals; Mechanisms of
toxicological effects of Dibromochloropropane: Quan-
tification of toxicological effects of Dibromochloropro-
pane.
Keywords: "Potable water, 'Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, Reviews, Physical properties, Reaction kinetics,
Chemical properties, Exposure, Chlorohydrocarbons,
Public health, Laboratory animals, Risk, Carcinogens,
Mutagens, Concentration(Composition), "Drinking
water, "Propane dibromo-chloro, "Water pollution
standards, "Environmental health, "Water pollution
effects(Humans), "Water pollution effects(Animals),
Dibromochloropropane, Toxicokinetics, Case studies,
Health risks, Health effects, Occupational safety and
health, Chemical reaction mechanisms, Path of pollut-
ants, Water pollution abatement.
PB89-192140/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Cadmium
(Final Draft), December 1986. Final draft rept.
Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH.
Dec 86,318p TR-832-93
Contract EPA-68-03-3279
See also PB86-117934. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Drinking
Water.
The Office of Drinking Water, Environmental Protec-
tion Agency has prepared a Drinking Water Criteria
Document on Cadmium. The Criteria Document is an
extensive review of the following topics: Physical and
chemical properties of Cadmium; Toxicokinetics and
human exposure to Cadmium; Health effects of Cad-
mium in humans and animals; Mechanisms of toxico-
logical effects of Cadmium; Quantification of toxicolog-
ical effects of Cadmium.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, "Cadmium, Physical properties. Chemical proper-
ties, Carcinogens, Public health, Laboratory animals,
Exposure,	Risk,	Mutagens,
Concentration(Composition), "Drinking water, "Water
pollution standards, "Environmental health, "Water
pollution effects(Humans), "Water pollution
effect8(Animais), Health effects, Toxicokinetics, Case
studies. Health risks, Chemical reaction mechanisms,
Path of pollutants. Water pollution abatement
PB89-192157/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Heptachlor,
Heptachlor Epoxide and Chlordane (Final), March
1987.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Mar 87,303p
See also PB86-117991.
The Office of Drinking Water, Environmental Protec-
tion Agency has prepared a Drinking Water Criteria
Document on Chlordane/Heptachlor. The Criteria
Document is an extensive review of the following
topics: Physical chemical properties of Chlordane/
Heptachlor; Toxicokinetics and human exposure to
Chlordane/Heptachlor; Health effects of Chlordane/
Heptachlor in humans and animals; Mechanisms of
toxicological effects of Chlordane/Heptachlor; Quanti-
fication of toxicological effects of Chlordane/Hepta-
chlor.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, "Heptachlor, "Chlordane, "Heptachlor epoxide,
Insecticides, Chlorine organic compounds, Reviews,
Physical properties, Chemical properties, Reaction ki-
netics, Carcinogens, Public health, Exposure, Labora-
tory	animals,	Risk,	Mutagens,
Concentration(Composition), "Drinking water, "Water
oollutlon standards, "Environmental health, Water
pollution effects(Humans), "Water pollution
effects(Animals), Health effects, Toxicokinetics, Case
studies, Health risks, Occupational safety and healtti,
Chemical reaction mechanisms, Path of pollutants,
Water pollution abatement.
PB89-192165/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Eplchloro-
hydrln (Final), February 1987.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Feb 87,164p
See also PB86-118023.
The Office of Drinking Water, Environmental Protec-
tion Agency has prepared a Drinking Water Criteria
Document on Epichlorohydrin. The Criteria Document
is an extensive review of the following topics: Physical
and chemical properties of Epichlorohydrin; Toxicokin-
etics and human exposure to Epichlorohydrin; Health
effects of Epichlorohydrin in humans and animals;
Mechanisms of toxicological effects of Epichlorohy-
drin; Quantification of toxicological effects of Epichlor-
ohydrin.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, "Epichlorohydrin, Oxygen heterocyclic com-
pounds, Reviews, Physical properties, Chemical prop-
erties, Reaction kinetics, Public health, Exposure, Lab-
oratory animals, Risk, Carcinogens, Mutagens,
Concentration(Composition), "Drinking water, "Water
pollution effects(Humans), "Water pollution
effects(Animals), Toxicokinetics, Case studies, Path of
pollutants.
PB89-192173/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Ethylben-
zene (Final), March 1987.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Mar 87,86p
See also PB86-117835.
The Office of Drinking Water, Environmental Protec-
tion Agency has prepared a Drinking Water Criteria
Document on ethylbenzene. The Criteria Document is
an extensive review of the following topics: Physical
and chemical properties of ethylbenzene; Toxicokine-
tics and human exposure to ethylbenzene; Health ef-
fects of ethylbenzene in humans and animals; Mecha-
nisms of toxicological effects of ethylbenzene; Quanti-
fication of toxicological effects of ethylbenzene.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, "Ethylbenzene, Aromatic monocyclic hydrocar-
bons, Reviews, Physical properties, Chemical proper-
ties, Reaction kinetics. Carcinogens, Public health, Ex-
posure, Laboratory animals, Risk, Mutagens,
Concentration(Compositlon), "Drinking water, "Water
pollution standards, "Environmental health, "Water
pollution effects(Humans), "Water pollution
effectsfAnimals), Benzene/ethyl, Health effects, Toxi-
cokinetics, Case studies, Health risks, Occupational
safety and health, Chemical reaction mechanisms,
Path of pollutants, Water pollution abatement.
PB89-192181/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Ethylene Dl-
bromide (EDB) (Final), July 1987.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jul 87,160p
See also PB86-118247.
The Office of Drinking Water, Environmental Protec-
tion Agency has prepared a Drinking Water Criteria
Document on Ethylenedibromide. The Criteria Docu-
ment is an extensive review of the following topics:
Physical and chemical properties of Ethylenedibro-
mide; Toxicokinetics and human exposure to Ethylene-
dibromide; Health effects of Ethylenedibromide in
humans and animals; Mechanisms of toxicological ef-
fects of Ethylenedibromide; Quantification of toxico-
logical effects of Ethylenedibromide.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, "Ethylene dibromide, Reviews, Physical proper-
ties, Chemical properties. Reaction kinetics, Carcino-
gens, Public health, Exposure, Laboratory animals,
Risk, Mutagens, Concentration(Composition), "Drink-
ing water, "Water pollution standards, "Environmental
health, "Water pollution effects(Humans), "Water pol-
lution effects(Animals), Health effects, Toxicokinetics,
Case studies, Health risks, Occupational safety and
health, Chemical reaction mechanisms, Path of pollut-
ants Water pollution abatement.
PB89-192199/HSU	PC AOB/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Lindane
(Final Draft), January 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 88,168p
See also PB86-117819.
The Office of Drinking Water, Environmental Protec-
tion Agency has prepared a Drinking Water Criteria
Document on Lindane. The Criteria Document is an ax-
tensive review of the following topics: Physical chemi-
cal properties of Lindane: Toxicokinetics and human
exposure to Lindane; Health effects of Lindane in
humans and animals; Mechanisms of toxicological
effect of Lindane; Quantification of toxicologicaref-
fects of Lindane.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, "Lindane, Cycloalkane compounds, Physical
properties, Chemical properties, Carcinogens, PiMe
health, Exposure, Laboratory animals, Mutagens,
Concentration(Compoaition), Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Pesticides, "Drinking water, "Water pollution
standards, 'Environmental health, "Cyclohexane/hex-
achloro, "Water P9llution effects(Humans), 'Water
pollution effects(Animals), Health effects, Toxlcoidne-
tics, Case studies, Health risks, Occupational safa^
and health, Chemical reaction mechanisms. Path of
pollutants, Water pollution abatement
PB89-192207/HSU	PC AQ7/MF AM
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Inorganic
Mercury (Final), July 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jul 88,149p
See also PB86-117827.
The Office of Drinking Water, Environmental Protao-
tion Agency haa prepared a Drinking Water Criteria
Document on Mercury. The Criteria Document is an
extensive review of the following topics: Physical and
chemical properties of Mercury; toxicokinetics and
human exposure to Mercuiy; Health effects of Mercury
in humans and animals; Mechanisms of f—1—1— ¦
effects of Mercury; Quantification of I
fects of Mercury.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water quality, 'Toxicol-
ogy, 'Mercury(Metal). Reviews, Physical properties.
Chemical properties, Reaction kinetics, Carcinogen*
Public health, Exposure, Laboratory animals. Risk. Mu-
tagens, Concentration(Composition), "Drinking waMr,
"Water pollution standards, "Environmental health,
"Water pollution effects(Humans), "Water pollution
effectsfAnimals), Health effects. Toxicokinetics, Case
studies, Health ri8ks, Occupational safety and health,
Chemical reaction mechanisms, Path of pollutants.
Water pollution abatement
PB89-19221S/HSU	PC AM/MP AQ1
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Methoxyrfv-
lor (Final), February 1987.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OK En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Feb87,188p
See also PB88-117878.
The Office of Drinking Water, Environmental Protec-
tion Agency has prepared a Drinking Water Criteria
Document on Methoxychior. The Criteria Document is
an extensive review of the following topics: Physical
and chemical properties of Methoxychior; Toxicokine-
tics and human exposure to Methoxychior; Health ef-
fects of Methoxychior in humans and animals; Quanti-
fication of toxicological effects of Methoxychior.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water quality, "Taxioot-
ogy. Chlorine aliphatic compounds, Physical prooer-
ties, Chemical properties, Carcinogens, Public hearth.
Exposure, Laboratory animals. Risk, Mutuant
' "	ferr^XSSr
n siarraaraa, environmental neaffl "
ychlor,
ConcentrationtComposition), "Drinking water,
pollution standards, "Environmental healtti, "Methra.
ychlor, "Water pollution effects(Humans), "WataroS
lutlon effects(Animals), Health effects, Toxicokinetics!
Case studies, Health risk, Chemical reaction mesh*!
nlsms, Path of pollutants, Water pollution abatement
PB89-192223/H80	PC AM/MF AOl
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, nh
Office of Drinking Water,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Nitrate/Ni-
trite (Final Draft), May 1987.
Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OM.
May 87,158pTR-832-77
Contract EPA-08-03-3279
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
The Office of Drinking Water, Environmental Protec-
tion Agency has prepared a Drinking Water Criteria
Document on Nitrate/Nitrite. The Criteria Document is
an extensive review of the following topics: Physical
chemical properties of Nitrate/Nitrite; toxicokinetics
and human exposure to Nitrate/Nitrite; Health effects
of Nitrate/Nitrite in humans and animals; Mechanisms
of toxicological effects of Nitrate/Nitrite; Quantification
of toxicological effects of Nitrate/ Nitrite.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water quality, 'Toxicol-
ogy, 'Nitrites, 'Nitrates, Nitrogen inorganic com-
pounds, Physical properties, Chemical properties, Car-
cinogens, Public health, Laboratory animals, Expo-
sure, Risk, Mutagens, Concentration(Composition),
'Drinking water, 'Water pollution standards, Environ-
mental health, 'Water pollution effects(Humans),
'Water pollution effects(Animals), Health effects, Toxi-
cokinetics, Case studies, Health risks, Chemical reac-
tion mechanisms, Path of pollutants, Water pollution
abatement.
PB89-192231/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Ortho-Dlch-
lorobenzene, Meta-Dichlorobenzene, and Para-
Dlchlorobenzene (Final Draft), June 1988. Final
draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Jun 88,194p
SeealsoPB86-117918.
The Office of Drinking Water, Environmental Protec-
tion Agency has prepared a Drinking Water Criteria
Document on o-dlchlorobenzene. The Criteria Docu-
ment is an extensive review of the following topics:
Physical and chemical properties of o-dichioroben-
zene; Toxicokinetics and human exposure to o-dlchlor-
obenzene; Health effects of o-dichlorobenzene in
humans and animals; Mechanisms of toxicological
effect of o-dichlorobenzene; Quantification of toxico-
logical effects of o-dlchlorobenzene.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water quality, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Chlorobenzenes, Physical properties. Chemical
properties, Carcinogens, Public health, Exposure, Lab-
oratory animals, Risk, Mutagens,
Goncentration(Composition), 'Drinking water, 'Water
pollution standards, 'Environmental health, *Ben-
zene/dlchloro, 'Water pollution effects(Humans),
'Water pollution effects(Animals), Dichlorobenzene,
Health effects, Toxicokinetics, Case studies, Health
risks, Occupational safety and health, Chemical reac-
tion mechanisms, Path of pollutants, Water pollution
abatement.
PB89-192249/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Pentachlor-
ophenol (Final), February 1967.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
D. L. Tullis, D. A. Gray, P. R. Durkln, D. Sing, and R.
McGaughy. Feb 87,117p
The Office of Drinking Water, Environmental Protec-
tion Agency has prepared a Drinking Water Criteria
Document on Pentachlorophenol. The Criteria Docu-
ment is an extensive review of the following topics:
Physical and chemical properties of Pentachloro-
phenol'. Toxicokinetica and human exposure to Pen-
tachlorophenol; Health effects of Pentachlorophenol
in humans and animals; Mechanisms of toxicological
effects of Pentachlorophenol; Quantification of toxico-
logical effects of Pentachlorophenol.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water quality, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Chlorine organic compounds, Reviews, Physical
properties. Reaction kinetics, Chemical properties, Ex-
posure, Public health, Laboratory animals, Risk, Car-
cinogens. Mutagens, Concentratlon(Composition),
'Drinking water, *Phenol/pentachloro, 'Water pollu-
tion standards, 'Environmental health, 'Water pollu-
tion effects(Humans), 'Water pollution
effects(Animal8), Pentachlorophenol, Toxicokinetics,
Case studies, Health risks, Health effects, Occupation-
al safety and health, Chemical reaction mechanisms,
Path of pollutants, Water pollution abatement.
PB89-192256/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Polychlorl-
nated Biphenyls (PCBs) (Final), April 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
D. A. Barsotti, J. R. Olson, E. D. Pelizzari, S. S. Que
Hee, and S. H. Safe. Apr 88,436p
The Office of Drinking Water, Environmental Protec-
tion Agency has prepared a Drinking Water Criteria
Document on PCB. The Criteria Document is an exten-
sive review of the following topics: Physical chemical
properties of PCB; Toxicokinetics and human expo-
sure to PCB; Health effects of PCB in humans and ani-
mals; Mechanisms of toxicological effects of PCB;
Quantification of toxicological effects of PCB.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water quality, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Reviews, Chlorine organic compounds, Physical
properties, Reaction kinetics, Chemical properties, Ex-
posure, Public health, Laboratory animals, Risk, Car-
cinogens, Mutagens, Concentration(Composition),
'Drinking water, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls, 'Water
pollution standards, Environmental health, 'Water
pollution effects(Humans), 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Toxicokinetics, Case studies, Health
risks, Health effects, Occupational safety and health,
Chemical reaction mechanisms, Path of pollutants,
Water pollution abatement.
PB89-192284/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Selenium
(Final Draft), December 1988.
Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH.
Dec 86,189pTR-832-89
Contract EPA-68-03-3279
See also PB86-118098. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Drinking
Water.
The Office of Drinking Water, Environmental Protec-
tion Agency has prepared a Drinking Water Criteria
Document on Selenium. The Criteria Document is an
extensive review of the following topics: Physical and
chemical properties of Selenium; Toxicokinetics and
human exposure to Selenium; Health effects of Seleni-
um in humans and animals; Mechanisms of toxicologi-
cal effects of Selenium; Quantification of toxicological
effects of Selenium.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water quality, 'Toxicol-
ogy, 'Selenium, Reviews, Physical properties, Reac-
tion kinetics, Chemical properties, Exposure, Public
health, Laboratory animals, Risk, Carcinogens, Muta-
gens, Concentration(Composltlon), 'Drinking water,
'Water pollution standards, 'Environmental health,
'Water pollution effects(Humans), 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Toxicokinetics, Case studies, Health
risks, Health effects, Occupational safety and health,
Chemical reaction mechanisms, Path of pollutants,
Water pollution abatement.
PB89-192272/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Styrene
(Final), January 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
B. C. Hansen, D. A. Gray, and J. Santodonato. Jan 88,
262p
See also PB86-118058.
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), Environmental
Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water Cri-
teria Document on Styrene. This Criteria Document is
an extensive review of the following topics: Physical
chemical properties of Styrene; Toxicokinetics and
human exposure to Styrene; Health Effects of Styrene
in humans and animals; Mechanisms of toxicological
effect of Styrene; Quantification of toxicological ef-
fects of Styrene.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water quality, 'Toxicol-
ogy, 'Styrene, Physical properties, Chemical proper-
ties, Reaction kinection, Industrial medicine, Water
pollution, Public health, Exposures, 'Drinking water,
'Water pollution standard, 'Environmental health,
Chemical reaction mechanisms, Water pollution
abatement.
PB89-192280/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Tetrachlor-
oethylene (Final), 1987.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
1987,34p
See also PB86-118114.
The Office of Drinking Water, Environmental Protec-
tion Agency has prepared a Drinking Water Criteria
Document on Tetrachloroethylene. The Criteria Docu-
ment is an extensive review of the following topics:
Physical chemical properties of Tetrachloroethylene;
Toxicokinetics and human exposure to Tetrachloroeth-
ylene; Health effects of Tetrachloroethylene in
humans and animals; Mechanisms of toxicological ef-
fects of Tetrachloroethylene; Quantification of toxico-
logical effects of Tetrachlorothylene.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water quality, "Toxicol-
ogy, Chlorine organic compounds, Reviews, Physical
properties, Chemical properties, Reaction kinetics, Ex-
posure, Public health, Laboratory animals, Risk, Car-
cinogens, Mutagens, Concentration(Composition),
'Drinking water, Ethylene/tetrachloro, 'Water pollu-
tion standards, 'Environmental health, 'Water pollu-
tion effects(Humans), 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Toxicokinetics, Case studies, Health
risks, Health effects, Occupational safety and health.
Chemical reaction mechanisms, Path of pollutants,
Water pollution abatement.
PB89-192298/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Toluene
(Final), March 1987,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
J. M. Becker, and M. W. Neal. Mar 87,267p
See also PB86-117975.
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), Environmental
Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water Cri-
teria Document on Toluene. This Criteria Document is
an extensive review of the following topics: Physical
chemical properties of Toluene; Toxicokinetics and
human exposure to Toluene; Health Effects of Toluene
in humans and animals; Mechanisms of toxicological
effect of Toluene; Quantification of toxicological ef-
fects of Toluene.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Toluene, 'Toxicology,
'Water quality, Water pollution, Public health, Water
treatment, 'Drinking water, 'Water pollution stand-
ards, 'Environmental health, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), Chemical reaction mechanisms.
PB89-192306/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Toxaphene
(Final), February 1987,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
S. Q. Hee, and M. Radicke. Feb 87,128p
See also PB86-118049.
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), Environmental
Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water Cri-
teria Document on Toxaphene. The Criteria Document
is an extensive review or the following topics: Physical
chemical properties of Toxaphene; Toxicokinetics and
human exposure to Toxaphene; Health Effects of Tox-
aphene in humans and animals; Mechanisms of toxi-
cological effects of Toxaphene; Quantification of toxi-
cological effects of Toxaphene.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water quality, 'Toxicol-
ogy, 'Insecticides, Physical properties, Chemical prop-
erties, Reaction kinetics, Industrial medicine, Water
pollution, Public health, Exposures, 'Drinking water,
'Water pollution standards, 'Environmental health,
'Toxaphene, Toxicokinetics.
PB89-192314/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Xylene
(Final), June 1987,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
J. M. Becker, D. A. Gray, and M. W. Neal. Jun 87,198p
See PB86-117942.
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), Environmental
Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water Cri-
teria Document on Xylene. The Criteria Document is
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
an extensive review of the following topics: Physical
chemical properties of Xylene, Toxicokinetics and
human exposure to Xylene, Health Effects of Xylene in
humans and animals, Mechanisms of toxicological
effect of Xylene, Quantification of toxicological effects
of Xylene.
Keywords: "Potable water, 'Water quality, 'Toxicol-
ogy, 'Xylenes, Physical properties, Chemical proper-
ties, Reaction kinetics, Industrial medicine, Water pol-
lution, Public health, Laboratory animals, Exposures,
'Drinking water, 'Water pollution standard, 'Environ-
mental health, Case studies, Health risk, Water pollu-
tion abatement.
PB89-192322/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document (or 1,2-Dichlor-
opropane (Final), April 1987,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
D. K. Basu, J. R. Anderson, and J. T. Coleman. Apr 87,
98p
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), Environmental
Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water Cri-
teria Document on 1,2-Dichloropropane, which is an
extensive review of the following topics: Physical and
chemical properties; Toxicokinetics and human expo-
sure; Health effects; Mechanisms of toxicological ef-
fects; and Quantification of toxicological effects.
Keywords: 'Drinking water, 'Chloropropanes, 'Toxici-
ty, 'Water pollution, Public health. Chemical proper-
ties, Exposure, Chlorohydrocarbons, Dichloropropane.
PB89-192330/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for 2(2,4,5-
Trlchlorophenoxy) Propionic Acid (2,4,5-TP)
(Final), September 1987,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
J. R. Anderson, and M. W. Neal. Sep 87,132p
See also PB86-117928.
The Office of Drinking Water (ODW), Environmental
Protection Agency has prepared a Drinking Water Cri-
teria Document on 2,4,5-TP (Silvex). This Criteria Doc-
ument is an extensive review of the following topics:
Physical chemical properties of 2,4,5-TP (Silvex); Toxi-
cokinetics and human exposure to 2,4,5-TP (Silvex);
Health Effects of 2,4,5-TP (Silvex) in humans and ani-
mals; Mechanisms of toxicological effect of 2,4,5-TP
(Silvex); and Quantification of toxicological effects of
2,4,5-TP (Silvex).
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water quality, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Chemical properties, Physical properties, Reac-
tion kinetics, Industrial medicine, Chlorine organic
compounds, Water pollution, Public health, 'Drinking
water, 'Environmental health, Water pollution stand-
ard, Chemical reaction mechanisms, Water pollution
abatement.
PB89-192348/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for 2,4-Dlchlor-
ophenoxyacetlc Acid (2,4-D) (Final), March 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Mar 88,198p
See also PB86-117884.
The Office of Drinking Water, Environmental Protec-
tion Agency has prepared a Drinking Water Criteria
Document on 2,4-D. The Criteria Document is an ex-
tensive review of the following topics: Physical chemi-
cal properties of 2,4-D; Toxicokinetics and human ex-
posure to 2,4-D; Health effects of 2,4-D in humans and
animals; Mechanisms of toxicological effects of 2,4-D;
Quantification of toxicological effects of 2,4-D.
Keywords: "Potable water, 'Water quality, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Chlorine organic compounds, Reviews, Physical
properties, Chemical properties, Reaction kinetics, Ex-
posure, Public health, Laboratory animals, Risk, Car-
cinogens, Mutagens, Concentration(Composition),
'Drinking water, 'Acetic acid/dlchlorophenoxy, *D 2-4
herbicide, 'Water pollution standards, 'Environmental
health, 'Water pollution effects(Humans), 'Water pol-
lution effects(Animals), Health effects, Toxicokinetics,
Case studies, Health risks, Occupational safety and
health, Chemical reaction mechanisms, Path of pollut-
ants, Water pollution abatement.
PB89-192355/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Estimated Low Range Costs for the Removal of
Inorganics, Radionuclides, and Corrosion Related
Contaminants from Potable Water Supplies
(Draft), January 1987.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
9 Jan 87,46p
The document estimate low range costs for the remov-
al of inorganics, radionuclides, and corrosion related
contaminants from potable water supplies.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water quality, 'Water
treatment, 'Cost estimates, Cost analysis, Cost analy-
sis, Waste disposal, Chemical removal(Water treat-
ment), Radioactive isotopes, 'Water pollution stand-
ards, 'Drinking water, Water pollution standards,
Water purification.
PB89-192363/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Technologies and Costs for the Treatment and
Disposal of Waste Byproducts from Water Treat-
ments for the Removal of Inorganic and Radioac-
tive Contaminants (Revised Draft), September
1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
23 Sep 86,229p
The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is
establishing National Primary Drinking Water Regula-
tions for a number of inorganic, radionuclide and corro-
sion related contaminants. The document evaluates
waste disposal options, and associated costs, for
drinking water treatment processes which remove the
following contaminants: nitrates, barium, mercury,
silver, arsenic, selenium, chromium, cadmium, lead,
copper, cyanide, fluoride, radon, uranium, man-made
radionuclides and radium. The report identifies the op-
tions for disposing of the waste byproducts from the
drinking water treatment processes and develops cost
estimates for the specific waste disposal options.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water quality, 'Waste dis-
posal, "Water treatment, "Cost analysis, Cost esti-
mates, Contaminants, Nitrates, Barium,
Mercury(Metal), Silver, Arsenic, Selenium, Chromium,
Cadmium, Lead(Metal), Copper, Cyanide, Fluoride,
Radon, Radioactive contaminants, 'Water pollution
control, 'Drinking water, Water pollution standards,
Water purification.
PB89-192389/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Occurrence and Expoeure Assessment of Atra-
zlne In Public Drinking Water Supplies (Prelimi-
nary Draft), August 1988.
Science Applications International Corp., McLean, VA.
Aug 88,30p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
The document provides occurrence and exposure esti-
mates for atrazine in drinking water. The primary focus
of the document is an evaluation of occurrence in envi-
ronmental media and the development of national esti-
mates of exposure when sufficient data are available.
Other topics covered include an overview of physical/
chemical properties, use and release, environmental
transport and transformation, and estimates of the rel-
ative source contribution to exposure from food, air,
and drinking water.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Potable water,
'Water quality, 'Toxicology, Assessments, Exposure,
Carcinogens, Physical properties, Chemical proper-
ties, Transport properties, Herbicide, Public health,
Mutagens, Concentration(Composition), 'Drinking
water, 'Water pollution standards, 'Environmental
transport, 'Atrazine, *Triazine/chloro-ethylamino-iso-
propylamino, 'Water pollution effects(Humans),
Health risks, Health effects, Toxic substances, Path of
pollutants, Chemical reaction mechanisms, Water pol-
lution abatement.
PB89-192397/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Regulatory Impact Analysis: Benefits and Costs
of Proposed National Primary Drinking Water
Regulations for Inorganic Chemicals. Phase 2,
March 1989.
Miller (Wade) Associates, Inc., Arlington, VA.
31 Mar 89,102p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations are pro-
posed for 30 synthetic organic chemicals, termed the
SOCs. The document presents an analysis of the pro-
jected national costs and benefits associated with the
proposed regulations in compliance with Executive
Order 12291. It also includes an analysis of cost im-
pacts on small water systems in compliance with the
Regulatory Flexibility Act. The 30 SOCs fall into three
groups. For a group of three 'miscellaneous' contami-
nants (acrylamide, epichlorohydrin, and PCBs), it is
simply not possible to estimate occurrence due to a
lack of data. Total national costs and benefits for an
three are not anticipated to be very significant
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Inorganic compounds,
'Regulations, 'Cost estimates, Water quality, Benefit
cost analysis, Water treatment, Contaminants, 'Water
pollution control, 'Drinking water, 'Safe Drinking
Water Act, Water purification, Pollution regulations.
PB89-192405/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Regulatory Impact Analysis of Proposed National
Primary Drinking Water Regulations for Synthetic
Organic Chemicals. Phase 2, April 1989.
Miller (Wade) Associates, Inc., Arlington, VA.
Apr 89,108p*
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
The report contains an analysis of the costs and bene-
fits of controlling inorganic chemical contaminants
(lOCs) in drinking water through the promulgation of
regulations for maximum contaminant level goals
(MCLGs) and maximum contaminant levels (MCLs).
The regulatory impact analysis (RIA) was prepared in
accordance with Executive Order 12291 which re-
quires that the costs and benefits of all major rules be
examined and compared. The major topical areas cov-
ered in the RIA are as follows: Problem definition;
Market imperfections, the need for federal regulation,
and consideration of regulatory alternatives; Assess-
ment of total costs; Assessment of benefits; Regula-
tory flexibility and paperwork reduction analyses; and a
summary of costs and benefits.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Regulations, 'Cost analy-
sis, Water quality, Benefit cost analysis, Water treat-
ment, Contaminants. 'Water pollution control, 'Drink-
ing water, 'Safe Drinking Water Act, 'Synthetic organ-
ic chemicals, Water purification, Pollution regulations.
PB89-192413/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office ol Drinking Water.
Information Collection Request (or National Pri-
mary Drinking Water Regulations for Inorganic
Chemicals. Phase 2, March 1989.
Miller (Wade) Associates, Inc., Arlington, VA.
31 Mar 89,35p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.	'
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), under
the requirements of the Safe Drinking Water Act (Sec-
tion 1401 and 1412, P.L 99-339, as amended in 1886
has proposed a National Primary Drinking Water Reau^
lation (NPDWR) pertaining to the contamination of
public water systems by inorganic chemical contami-
nants. The proposed lOCs Rule includes Information
collection requirements for eight inorganic chemicals -
asbestos, barium, cadmium, chromium, mercury ni-
trate, nitrite, and selenium. The information collection
request analyzes the information burden imposed on
public water systems and States as a result of the reo-
ulation. EPA is proposing only to regulate Trm rnlat
ed Inorganics under this rule, as opposed to inorganics
which predominately occur as corrosion by-products
and naturally occurring copper and lead are analyzed
In the RIA and ICR forlead and corrosion by-product^
Note also that EPA has already promulaatBd »
NPDWR for fluoride.	*
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Potable water, "Water quality, 'Inorganic
compounds, 'Regulations, Water treatment, Contami-
nants, Asbestos, Barium, Cadmium, Chromium,
Mercury(Metal), Nitrates, Nitrites, Selenium, 'Water
pollution, 'Drinking water, 'Safe Drinking Water Act,
Water purification, Pollution regulations.
PB89-192421/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Information Collection Request for Proposed Na-
tional Primary Drinking Water Regulations for
Synthetic Organic Chemicals (Draft), April 1989.
Miller (Wade) Associates, Inc., Arlington, VA.
Apr 89,28p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), under
the requirements of the Safe Drinking Water Act (Sec-
tion 1401 and 1412, P.L. 99-339, as amended in 1986),
has proposed National Primary Drinking Water Regula-
tions (NPDWR) pertaining to the contamination of
public water systems by synthetic organic chemical
(SOCs) contaminants. The proposed regulations re-
quire the collection of information by public water sys-
tems, states and the EPA. Information collection re-
quirements include monitoring, reporting and record-
keeping activities that are discussed in this Information
Collection Requests (ICR) document.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water quality, 'Regula-
tions, Water treatment, Contaminants, 'Water pollu-
tion control, 'Drinking water, 'Safe Drinking Water Act,
'Synthetic organic compounds, Water purification,
Pollution regulations.
PB89-192439/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Occurrence of Pesticides in Drinking Water, Food,
and Air. Plume 2 (Revised Draft), July 1967.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Jul 87,213p
The document provides occurrence and exposure esti-
mates for pesticides In drinking water. The primary
focus of the document is an evaluation of occurrence
tn environmental media and the development of na-
tional estimates of exposure when sufficient data are
available. Other topics covered include an overview of
physical/chemical properties, use and release, envi-
ronmental transport and transformation, and estimates
of the relative source contribution to exposure from
food, air, and drinking water.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water quality, 'Pesticides,
Assessment, Toxicology, Carcinogens, Mutagens,
physical properties. Chemical properties. Public
health, Concentration(Composition), 'Drinking water,
'Water pollution standards, 'Environmental transport,
'Water pollution effects(Humans), 'Alachlor, Health
risk Health effects, Toxic substances, Path of pollut-
ants, Chemical reaction mechanisms, Water pollution
abatement
PB89-192447/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
camt Supplement to Technologies and Costs for
•ha Removal of Asbestos from Potable Water
Supplies (Brat Draft), February 1987.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office Of Drinking Water.
13 Feb 87, H7p
The cost estimates in the document is a supplement to
mm cost estimates of the February S, 1986, report emi-
tted Technologies and Costs for the Removal of As-
bestos from Potable Water Supplies.'
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water quality, 'Asbestos,
'Water treatment, 'Cost analysis, Estimates, Design
criteria, Operating costs, Small water systems, 'Drink-
ing water.
PM9-1924S4/HSU	PCA0S/MFA01
Supplement to the Removal of Barium from
potabta Water Supplies (First Draft), January
1M7.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
22 Jan 87,91 p
The cost estimates in the document is a supplement to
the cost estimates of the July 13,1984, report entitled,
'Technologies and Costs for the Removal of Barium
from Potable Water Supplies.'
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water quality, 'Barium,
'Water treatment, Estimates, Cost analysis, Design
criteria, Operating costs, 'Small water systems,
'Drinking water.
PB89-192462/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Cost Supplement to the Removal ot Cadmium
from Potable Water Supplies (First Draft), Febru-
ary 1987,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
3 Feb 87,141 p
The cost estimates in the document is a supplement to
the cost estimates of the April 1,1985, report entitled,
Technologies and Costs for the Removal of Cadmium
from Potable Water Supplies.'
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water quality, 'Cadmium,
'Water treatment, 'Cost analysis, Estimates, Design
criteria, Operating costs, Small water systems, 'Drink-
ing water.
PB89-192470/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Cost Supplement to Technologies and Costs for
th« Removal of Chromium from Potable Water
Supplies (First Draft), February 1987.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
20 Feb 87,41 p*
The cost estimates in the document supplement the
cost estimates of the January 31,1985, report entitled,
'Technologies and Costs for the Removal of Chromi-
um from Potable Water Supplies.'
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water treatment 'Chro-
mium, Water treatment chemicals, Water removal,
Contaminants, Cost estimates, Water supply, Operat-
ing costs, Water storage, Surface waters, Small water
systems, Design flow.
PB89-192488/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Cost Supplement to Technologies and Cost* for
the Removal of Nitrates and Nltritea from Potable
Water Supplies (First Draft), February 1987.
Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
6 Feb 87,78p
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The cost estimates in the document supplement the
cost estimates of the September 30,1985 report enti-
tled, Technologies and Costs for the Removal of Ni-
trates and Nitrites from Potable Water Supplies'.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water quality, 'Cost esti-
mates, 'Water treatment 'Nitrates, 'Nitrites, Cost
analysis, Contaminants, 'Water pollution control,
'Drinking water, Water purification, Water pollution
standards.
PB8S-1B2496/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Cost Supplement to Technologies and Coats for
the Removal of Selenium from Potable Water Sup-
plies (First Draft), February 1987. Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
13Feb87,139p
The cost estimates in the document supplement the
cost estimates of the November 18,1985 report enti-
tled, 'Technologies and Costs for the Removal of Sele-
nium from Potable Water Supplies'.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water quality, 'Cost esti-
mates, 'Water treatment, Selenium, Cost analysis,
Chemical(Water treatment), Contaminants, 'Water
pollution control, 'Drinking water. Water purification,
Water pollution standards.
PB89-192504/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Technologies and Costs for the Removal of Syn-
thetic Organic Chemicals from Potable Water
Supplies. Appendix A: Estimation of Carbon
Usage Rates, March 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Mar 89,356p
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
EPA is currently establishing MCLs for a number of
synthetic organic chemicals (SOCs) which might occur
in contaminated water supplies. The document assists
EPA to define 'best available technology' (BAT) to
remove SOCs from water supplies. The document
considers the effectiveness of treatment technologies
to remove contaminants and the level of treatment
that is affordable for water systems.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water treatment, 'Cost
estimates, Cost analysis, Water quality, Contaminants,
Chemical(Water treatment), 'Drinking water, 'Synthet-
ic organic chemicals, 'Water pollution control, Water
purification, Water pollution standards.
PB89-192512/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Dichlor-
oethylenes (1,1-Dlchloroethylene), (ci»-1,2-Dlch-
loroethylene), and (trans-1,2-Dlchloroethylene)
(Final waft).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
1986,196p
The Office of Drinking Water, Environmental Protec-
tion Agency has prepared a Drinking Water Criteria
Document on cis/trans dichloroethylene. The Criteria
Document is an extensive review of the following
topics: Physical chemical properties of cis/trans dich-
loroethylene; Toxicokinetics and human exposure to
cis/trans dichloroethylene in humans and animals;
Mechanisms of toxicological effects of cis/trans dich-
loroethylene; Quantification of toxicological effects of
cis/trans dichloroethylene.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water quality, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Aliphatic hydrocarbons, Physical properties.
Chemical properties, Carcinogens, Public health, Lab-
oratory animals, Exposure, Risk, Mutagens,
Concerrtration(Composition), 'Drinking water, 'Water
pollution standards, 'Environmental health, 'Ethyl-
ene/dichloro, 'Water pollution effects(Humans),
'Water pollution effects(Animals), Health effects, Toxi-
cokinetics, Case studies, Health risks, Chemical reac-
tion mechanisms, Path of pollutants, Water pollution
abatement, Dichloroethylenes.
PB89-192520/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Occurrence of Synthetic Volatile Organic Chemi-
cals in Drinking Water, Food and Air (Revlaed
Draft), July 1987.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Jul 87,175p
The report presents information on the occurrence of
Volatile Organic Contaminants (VOC's) in public drink-
ing water supplies, food, and ambient air in the United
States and an estimate of human intake of VOC's from
those sources. Federal survey data on VOC's levels in
the drinking water systems were combined and strati-
fied according to water source (surface and ground)
and size based on population served. These data were
used to project a national profile of VOC levels in drink-
ing water that yields estimates of the number of sys-
tems of each source/size category, and the total popu-
lation served by them, at each exposure level.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water supply, 'Organic
compounds, Water treatment chemicals, Environ-
ments, Sources, Vaporizing, 'Drinking water.
PB89-192538/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Cost Supplement to Technologies and Costs for
ths Removal of Mercury from Potable Watar Sup-
pUee (First Draft), January 1987.
Pimie (Malcolm), Inc., Paramus, N J.
26 Jan 87,112p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Criteria and Standards Div.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The cost estimates in the document supplement the
cost estimates of the December 30, 1984 report enti-
tled, 'Technologies and Costs for the Removal ol Mer-
cury from Potable Water Supplies'.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Cost estimates,
"Mercury(Metal), "Water treatment, Water supply,
Drinking water.
PB89-192587/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticides In Ground Water Data Baae: 1988 Inter-
im Report.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Dec 88, 39p*
One of EPA's priorities is to determine the extent of
pesticides occurring in the nation's ground water.
While many individual, localized ground-water monitor-
ing studies have been conducted across the country,
there has been no comprehensive compilation of
these results. In response to this, the EPA's Office of
Pesticide Programs has developed the Pesticides in
Ground Water Data Base. The data base contains in-
formation derived from monitoring studies conducted
by pesticide registrants, universities, and government
agencies. The data base identifies the pesticides that
have been looked for in ground water, the areas that
have been monitored, and the pesticides that have
been detected. The data base was developed in the
first quarter of 1988, and at the same time, a public
docket was established so interested parties could
have access to the source information. Following the
development of the data base, the EPA has been con-
ducting a program to assess the validity of the informa-
tion it contains. At this time, the authors believe they
have gathered sufficient information to provide the
public with an interim report on the national status of
pesticide residues in ground water.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Pesticides, "Information
systems, Assessments, Sources, Forecasting, State
government, Local government, "Water pollution sam-
pling, Databases.
PB89-192892/HSU	PC$10.95/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Supplier Notification Requirements: Under Sec-
tion 313 of the Emergency Planning and Commu-
nity Rlght-to-Know Act
ICF Technology, Inc., Fairfax. VA.
1 Jan 89,16p EPA/560/4-89/003
See also PB89-192900. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Pesti-
cides and Toxic Substances.
Title III (also known as the Emergency Planning and
Community Right-to-Know Act) requires, under section
313, that certain manufacturers report annual releases
to the environment of listed toxic chemicals and chem-
ical categories. Because these manufacturers must
know the toxic chemical composition of the products
they use to be able to calculate releases accurately,
EPA requires some suppliers of mixtures or trade
name products containing one or more of the listed
section 313 chemicals to notify their customers. The
pamphlet explains which suppliers must notify their
customers, who must be notified, what form the notice
must take, and when it must be sent
Keywords: "Reporting, Labels, Requirements, Hazard-
ous materials, Safety, Chemical compounds, Public
health, "Toxic substances, Emergency Planning and
Com munity Rlght-to-Know Act of 1988.
PB89-192SOO/HSU	PC$10.»5/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Emergency Planning and Community Rlght-to-
Know Act: Section 313 Release Reporting Re-
quirements.
The Act requires that the information be made avail-
able to the public. One of the requirements concerns
the reporting of annual releases of toxic chemicals to
the air, water, and land. These provisions are outlined
in Section 313 which mandates annual release report-
ing for over 300 chemicals. Other reporting require-
ments are included elsewhere in the Act. The booklet
deals with Section 313.
Keywords: "Public health, "Safety, Hazardous materi-
als, Chemical compounds, Requirements, Reporting,
"Toxic substances, Emergency Planning and Commu-
nity Right-to-Know Act of 1986.
PB89-193320/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Application Guide for Source PM10 Measurement
with Conetant Sampling Rate,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
W. E. Farthing, and S. S. Dawes. May 89,77p EPA/
600/3-88/057
Contract EPA-68-02-4442
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
The manual presents a method, Constant Sampling
Rate (CSR), which allows determination of stationary
source PM-10 emissions with hardware similar to that
used for Methods 5 or 17. The operating principle of
the method is to extract a multipoint sample so that
errors due to spatial variation of particle size and ani-
sokinetic sampling are kept within predetermined
limits. The manual specifically addresses the use of
the CSR methodology for determination of stationary
source PM-10 emissions. Material presented in the
manual includes calibration of sampling train compo-
nents, pretest setup calculations, sample recovery,
test data reduction, and routine equipment mainte-
nance.
Keywords: "Manuals, "Particles, "Continuous sam-
pling, Error analysis, Calibrating, Numerical analysis,
Performance evaluation, Maintenance, Data process-
ing, Flow rate, "Air pollution sampling, "Stationary
sources, EPA method 5, EPA method 17.
OUirwraiiiB.
ICF Technology, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
Dec 88,16p EPA/560/4-88/001
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Toxic Substances.
The brochure contains information about the Emer-
O Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act.
iw establishes a structure at the state and local
levels to assist communities in planning for chemical
emergencies and requires facilities to provide informa-
tion on various chemicals present in the community.
PB89-193348/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Analysis of Performance Limiting Factors (PLFs)
at Small Sewage Treatment Plants.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Municipal Pollution Control.
Mar 89,28p OMPC-10-89
Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
The Report was prepared for local officials and treat-
ment plant staff ultimately responsible for facility
design, construction, and operation; State regulatory
officials responsible for approving design and assuring
compliance of Individual treatment plants; and the
design engineering community.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Operations, Perform-
ance evaluation, Design criteria, Construction, Regula-
tions, State government. Local government Mainte-
nance, Process control, "Sewage treatment planls,
Small systems.
PB89-193353/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Conversion of Methanol-Fueled 16-Valve, 4-Cylin-
der Engine to Operation on Gaseous 2H2/CO
Fuel. Interim Report 2. Technical rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology and Applications Branch.
G. K. Piotrowski, and J. Martin. Mar 89,27p EPA/AA/
CTAB-89/02
Described is the conversion of a 16-valve, 4-cyiinder
light-duty automotive engine to operation on a mixture
or hydrogen and carbon monoxide gaseous fuel. The
engine was evaluated to determine the difference in
emission levels and lean limit operation between two
different fuels: M100 neat methanol and simulated dis-
sociated methanol gaseous fuel (2H2/CO). The
engine will eventually be used as a test bed for a prac-
tical, onboard methanol dissociation fuel system.
Modifications made to the test engine to enhance the
characteristics of 2H2/CO fuel are discussed. A de-
scription of the CA18DE test engine modified for use
on M100 neat methanol is also included.
Keywords: "Motor vehicle engines, "Automotive fuels.
Methyl alcohol, Internal combustion engines, Exhaust
emissions, Fuel consumption. Test facilities, "Metha-
nol fuels.
PB89-193726/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy Analysis.
Valuing Risks: New Information on the Willing-
ness to Pay for Changes in Fatal Risks. Final rept.,
Energy and Resource Consultants, Inc., Boulder, CO.
D. M. Violette, and L. G. Chesnut. Feb 86,43p EPA/
230/06-86/016
Contract EPA-68-01-7047
See also PB83-238550. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Policy
Analysis.
The report updates the Violette and Chestnut (1983)
report which assembled and reviewed estimates of
willingness to pay for changes in fatal risks. The results
of several different studies are compared by reference
to the estimated 'value of life.' It is a way of comparing
valuations for small changes in small risks that affect a
large number of people. The updated review suggests
a possible narrowing of the range of values for on-the-
job risks of death to $1.5 to $3 million. Further ques-
tions remain concerning if these value of life estimates
are appropriate for valuing reduced risks from environ-
mental hazards.
Keywords: "Values, Estimates, Risk, Public health,
Policies, "Health risks.
PB89-193957/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Registration Standard for the Rereglstratlon of
Pesticide Products Containing Methomyt as the
Active Ingredient. (Second Round Review).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Apr 89,140p EPA/540/RS-89/052
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing metnomyi as
the active ingredient The document includes how to
register under a registration standard, regulatory posi-
tion and rationale, and summaries of date require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Insecticides, "Carbamates,
"Guidelines, Standards, Labels. Marking, HazanJous
materials, Ecology, Agricultural products, Manufactur-
ing, Public health, Regulations, Tables(Data), Genet-
ics, Packaging, Toxicity, "Reregistration, "Methomyt,
"Toxic substances, Federal Insecticide Fungicide Ro-
denticide Act CAS 16752-77-5.
PB89-193965/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Registration Standard for Pesticide Products
Containing Monuron as the Active Ingredient
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jul 83,62p EPA/540/RS-83/013
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes now to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of date requltemerits
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA fn arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Herbicides, Standards,
Guidelines, Labels, Requirements, Hazardous materi-
als, Toxicology, Agricultural products, Ureas, Storage.
Registration, Toxic substances, CAS 150-68-5, Mon-
uron, Federal Insectioide and Rodenticide Act
PB89-193973/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Reelstlvely Heated Methanol Diaaooiator tor
Engine Cold Start Assist Interim Report 2, Techni-
cal rept..
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml Con-
trol Technology and Applications Branch.
G. K. Piotrowski. Feb 89,24p EPA/AA/CT AB-89/01
See also PB88-223763.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
A catalyst specifically formulated for the dissociation
of methanol to hydrogen and carbon monoxide was
evaluated for the application of a cold start assist for a
light-duty methanoi-fueled engine. The dissociated
methanol generating systems consisted of a steam-
heated methanol boiler, a gas superheated, and a
catalyzed dissociation element. The experiment deter-
mined the ability of the catalyst to facilitate the disso-
ciation of methanol, and to start and idle a four-cylinder
engine on the product gas from the dissociator. The
dlssociator operation, the equipment, the test results
and the test engine specifications are also included.
Keywords: 'Motor vehicle engines, 'Dissociation,
'Automotive fuels, Internal combustion engines, Ex-
perimental data, Methyl alcohol, Reaction kinetics,
Catalysts, Exhaust emissions, Test facilities, 'Metha-
nol fuels, 'Catalytic combustors.
PBS9-1M039/HSU	PC A23/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Proceedings: Symposium on the Transfer and Utl-
Itzatlon of Particulate Control Technology (7th).
Volume 1. Rept. for Mar 87-Mar 88,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
8. R. Fields. May 89,541 p EPA/600/9-89/046A,,
EPRI-GS-6208-VOL-1
See also PB87-147809 and PB89-194047. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research
Lab., and Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA.
Coal Combustion Systems Div.
The proceedings documents presentations from the
7th symposium on the transfer and utilization of partic-
ulate control technology, March 22-25,1988 in Nash-
ville, TN. Objectives of the symposium were to encour-
age the exchange of new knowledge in the particulate
control field between designers, users, and research-
ers, and to stimulate new ideas that will lead to further
technological improvements. Fabric filters (FFs) and
electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) were the major
topics, but novel concepts and advanced technologies
ware also explored. Volume 1 contains 33 papers cov-
ering dust properties, power supplies and controls for
ESPs, advanced S02/particuiate control studies, ESP
performance evaluation and upgrading, and ESP mod-
eling.
Keywords: 'Proceedings, 'Electrostatic precipitators,
*Ar pollution control equipment, Mathematical
models. Sulfur dioxide, Dust, 'Air pollution control,
•Particulates, 'Fabric filters, Stationary sources, Tech-
nology transfer.
PBS0-1M047/HSU	PC A22/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Proceedings: Symposium on the Transfer and Uti-
lization of Particulate Control Technology (7th).
Volume 2. Rept. for Mar 87-Mar 88,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
SR. Fields. May 89,502p EPA/600/9-89/046B,,
EPRI-GS-6208-VOL-2
Sea also PB89-194039. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab., and Electric
Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA. Coal Combustion
Systems Div.
The proceedings documents presentations from the
•avanth symposium on the transfer and utilization of
narOculate control technology, March 22-25,1988 in
bgehvflle. TN. Objectives of the symposium were to
anoourage the exchange of new knowledge in the par-
ticulate control field between designers, users, and re-
•aarchers, and to stimulate new ideas that will lead to
further technological improvements. Fabric filters
(fft) and electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) were the
Mior topics, but novel concepts and advanced tech-
nologies were also explored. Volume 2 contains 30
Mpara covering particulate control for Incinerators,
QLacale FF studies, advanced S02/particulate con-
&Ol studies, and FF pilot-scale studies.
Keywords: 'Proceedings, 'Incinerators, Sulfur dioxide,
coat. Air pollution control equipment, Electrostatic pre-
jjnjtators, 'Particulates, Stationary sources. Fabric Al-
tar*,Technology transfer, Particulate sampling.
PB89-194161/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Technology Evaluation Report: SITE (Superfund
Innovative Technology Evaluation) Program Dem-
onstration Test International Waste Technologies
In situ Stabilization/Solidification Hlaleah, Florida,
Volume 1.
Foster Wheeler Enviresponse, Inc., Edison, NJ.
S. Sawyer. Jun 89,105p* EPA/450/5-89/004A
Contract EPA-68-03-3255
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
A demonstration of the International Waste Technol-
ogies (IWT) process utilizing the Geo-Con, Inc., deep-
soil-mixing equipment occurred in April 1988 at the site
of a General Electric Co., electric service shop in Hla-
leah, FL where the soil contained polychlorinated bi-
phenyls (PCBs) and localized concentrations of vola-
tile organics and heavy metal contaminants. The dem-
onstrated process mixed the contaminated soil in-situ
with a mixture of a proprietary additive, called HWT-20,
and water. The technical criteria used to evaluate the
effectiveness of the IWT process were contaminant
mobility, based on leaching and permeability tests; and
the potential integrity of solidified soils, based on
measurements of physical and microstructural proper-
ties. The performance of the Geo-Con deep-soil-
mixing equipment was also evaluated. The process did
appear to immobile PCBs. However, because of very
low PCB concentrations in the leachates, caused in
part by the low concentrations of PCBs in the untreat-
ed and treated soils, absolute confirmation of PCB im-
mobilization In the SITE project was not possible. The
cost per ton of treating contaminated soil under the
demonstration test conditions was determined at ap-
proximately $194.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
'Earth fills, 'Stabilization, 'Solidification, Field tests,
Performance evaluation, Cost analysis. Leaching, Per-
meability, Additives, Industrial wastes, 'Superfund In-
novative Technology Evaluation Program, 'Remedial
action, 'Land pollution, Technology utilization,
Hialeah(Florida), Polychlorinated biphenyls, Volatile
organic compounds, Heavy metals.
PB89-194179/H8U	PC A99/MF E06
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Technology Evaluation Report Site Program
Demonstration Test International waste Technol-
ogies In situ Stabilization/Solidification, Hlaleah,
Florida. Volume 2.
Foster Wheeler Enviresponse, Inc., Edison, NJ.
S. Sawyer. Jun 89,1120p* EPA/540/5-89/004B
Contract EPA-68-03-3255
See also PB89-194161. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction En-
gineering Lab.
The volume contains eight appendices to the report:
EPA operating log data; LE operating log data; Oper-
ations report of Geo-Con; Microstructural and phase
identification study of pretreatment and treated soil
samples from Hialeah(Rorida); Laboratory report - pre-
treatment results; Laboratory report - posttreatment
results; Sampling log sheets; PCB site profiles.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
'Earth fills, 'Stabilization, 'Solidification, Field tests,
Performance evaluation. Experimental design, Soil
surveys, 'Superfund Innovative Technology Evalua-
tion Program, 'Remedial action, 'Land pollution,
Technology utilization, Hialeah(Florida), Polychlorinat-
ed biphenyls, Volatile organic compounds. Heavy
metals.
PB89-194187/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Experimental study of Hlgn Levels of S02 Remov-
al in Atmospheric-Pressure Fluldlzsd Bad Com-
buatora. Rept for Oct 78-Jul 80 (Final),
FluiDyne Engineering Corp., Minneapolis, MN.
D. D. Klnzler, and K. R. Drake. Apr 89,144p EPA/600/
7-89/004
Contract EPA-68-02-3121
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report describes tests (conducted in an atmos-
pheric-pressure fluidized-bed combustor (FBC) with a
cross-section of 1 x 1.6 m) to demonstrate high levels
of S02 removal when burning a high-sulfur coal and
feeding limestone sorbent for S02 removal. The goal
was to achieve 90-plus % S02 removals with reasona-
ble sorbent feed rates through suitable reductions in
sorbent particle size (to improve reaction kinetics) and
increases in gas residence time (to increase gas/sor-
bent contact time), in a manner predicted by an exist-
ing mathematical model. The result supports model
predictions. Reducing sorbent particle size and in-
creasing gas residence time resulted in modest in-
creases in S02 removal over the range of conditions
tested here. Increases in flue gas 02 content also in-
creased removals. Only one of the three sorbents con-
sidered for the project had the attrition resistance nec-
essary to permit use in the testing, indicating that some
sorbents will not be suitable for use in dense-phase
FBC. NOx emissions ranged from 130 to 236 ng/J
during these tests.
Keywords: 'Fluidized bed processors, 'Air pollution
control equipment, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Combustion prod-
ucts, 'Industrial wastes, Experimental design, Sor-
bents, Boilers, Performance evaluation, Particle size,
'Limestone injection, 'Stationary sources. Fabric fil-
ters.
PB69-194229/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Estimating Air Toxics Emission from Coal and Oil
Combustion Sources. Final rept.,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC. Progress
Center.
G. Brooks. Apr 89,448p EPA/450/2-89/001
Contract EPA-68-02-4392
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
To assist groups interested in inventorying air emis-
sions of potentially toxic substances, EPA is preparing
a series of documents that compiles available informa-
tion on sources and emissions of toxic substances.
The document deals specifically with methods to esti-
mate air toxic emissions from coal and oil combustion
sources. Its intended audience includes Federal, State
and local air pollution personnel and others interested
in making estimates of toxic air pollutants emitted from
coal and oil combustion sources.
Keywords: 'Combustion products, 'Coal, 'Crude oil,
'Air pollution, Emission, Inventories, Estimates,
Metals, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Trace ele-
ments, Arsenic, Concentration(Composition), National
fovernment. State government. Sources, Boilers,
oxic substances.
PB89-194237/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Second Review of New Source Performance
Standards for Coal Preparation Plants. Final rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Feb 88,77p EPA/450/3-88/001
The new source performance standards (NSPS) for
coal preparation plants (Subpart Y of 40 CFR Part 60)
were reviewed by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency for the second time. The industry and other
government agencies were contacted to obtain data.
The review found that the use of coal dryers and pneu-
matic coal cleaning equipment is declining, and that no
new technology exists for these facilities. Technology
exists for more stringent control than required by the
NSPS for sources of fugitive emissions from coal
transfer, handling, and storage facilities because of
recent application of high efficiency control equipment
for particulate emissions.
Keywords: 'Standards, 'Air pollution control, Clean-
ing, Performance evaluation, Materials handling, Stor-
age, Transportation, Drying apparatus, 'Coal prepara-
tion plants, Particulates.
PB89-194245/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
SOC (Synthetic Organic Compounds) Rejection by
Nanofiltration,
University of Central Florida, Orlando. Dept. of Civil En-
gineering and Environmental Sciences.
J. S. Taylor, S. J. Duranceau, L. A. Mulford, D. K. Smith,
and W. M. Barrett. May 89,142p EPA/600/2-89/023
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
A study evaluated the rejection of six synthetic organic
compounds (SOCs) from a potable water source by a
nanofiltration membrane process. The SOCs were eth-
ylene dibromide (EDB), dibromochloropropane
(DBCP), chlordane, heptachlor, methoxychlor and
alachlor. To Investigate SOC rejection, a membrane
pilot plant was constructed that utilized a single, 4- by
40-inch FllmTec N 70 spiral wound, thin film composite
membrane with a molecular weight cutoff of 300. The
effects of different operating pressures and membrane
feed stream velocities on membrane rejection of SOCs
are reported. Trihalomethane formation potential
(THMFP) and total organic halide formation potential
(TOXFP) and general water quality in and out of the
membrane are also reported. Accurate organic and in-
organic mass balances were conducted in solutes.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water treatment, "Mem-
branes, 'Organic compounds, Low pressure research,
Filtration, Water supply, Surface waters, Ground water,
Performance evaluation, Field tests,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), Experi-
mental design. Quality control, Water quality, Sites,
'Synthetic materials, Water pollution sampling, Halo-
methanes.
PB89-194252/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Development of the Regional Oxidant Model Ver-
sion 2.1. Interim rept. Jan 88-Apr 89,
Computer Sciences Corp., Research Triangle Park,
NC.
J. O. Young, M. Aissa, T. L. Boehm, C. J. Coats, and J.
R. Eichinoer. May 89,64p EPA/800/3-89/044
Contract EPA-68-01 -7385
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
The report describes improvements that were made to
version 2.0 of the Regional Oxidant Model (ROM) in
order to create version 2.1. The ROM is an Eulerian
grid model that calculates hourly concentrations of
ozone and other chemical species for episodes up to
about a month long. The ROM's modeling domain,
represented by a grid of cells that are approximately 19
km on a side, encompasses an area about 1000 km by
1000 km. The physical processes that the ROM simu-
lates include photo-chemistry, spatially- and temporal-
ly-varying wind fields, nocturnal jets and temperature
inversions, terrain effects, dry deposition, and emis-
sions of biogenic and anthropogenic ozone precur-
sors. Major technical improvements include upgrading
the Carbon Bond Mechanism to version 4.2, improving
the biogenic emissions processor (which now includes
a canopy model), updating the wind fields processor,
and expanding the use or buoy data for determining
meteorological data fields over water. Also, ROM 2.1
can be adapted more easily than version 2.0 to various
modeling domains in eastern North America. In addi-
tion, the computer software has been redesigned to fa-
cilitate ROM's eventual application by outside users.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Oxidation,
'Ozone, 'Air pollution, Meteorological data, Urban
areas, Forecasting, Sources, Photochemical reac-
tions, Data processing, Land use, Computer program-
ming, 'Regional analysis, 'Air quality, 'Atmospheric
chemistry, Environmental transport.
PB89-194260/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Evaluation of Terrestrial Microcosms tor Detec-
tion, Fate, and Survival Analysis of Genetically En-
gineered Microorganisms and Their Recombinant
Genetic Material,
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
J. K. Fredrickson, and R. J- Seidler. Feb 89,156p EPA/
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Terrestrial microcosms have been used for several
decades by researchers to evaluate the fate and trans-
port of xenobiotics in the environment; however, very
little information is available on their application to the
fate, survival, and transport of recombinant bacteria
and microbial pest control agents. The research in-
cluded in the document represents the current scientif-
ic information available regarding the applicability of
terrestrial microcosms and related methodologies for
evaluating detection methods and the fate and survival
of microorganisms in the environment. The three ter-
restrial microcosms described in this document were
used to evaluate the survival and fate of recombinant
bacteria in soils and in association with plant surfaces
and insects and their transport through soil with perco-
lating water and root systems, and to test new meth-
ods and procedures to improve detection and enu-
meration of bacteria in soil. The usefulness of these
various microcosms as a tool for risk assessment is
underscored by the ease in obtaining soil from a pro-
posed field release site to evaluate subsequent Ge-
netically Engineered Microorganisms' fate and surviv-
al.
Keywords: 'Microorganisms, 'Bacteria, 'Pest control,
'Genetics, 'Environmental engineering, Soil surveys,
Assessments, Sampling, Deoxyribonucleic acids,
Plants(Botany), Insects, Terrestrial ecosystems, 'En-
vironmental transport, 'Land pollution, 'Microcosms,
Biological agents.
PB89-194278/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lsb
PM10 Source Measurement Methodology: Field
Studies,
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
W. E. Farthing, R. S. Martin, S. S. Dawes, and A. D.
Williamson. May 89,102p EPA/600/3-88/055
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
Two candidate measurement methods, Constant
Sampling Rate (CSR) and Exhaust Gas Recycle
(EGR), have been developed to measure emissions of
in-stack PM-10 particulate matter with aerodynamic di-
ameter less than 10 micrometers. Two field tests were
performed at the clinker cooler exhaust of a Portland
cement plant to quantify precision and comparability of
these techniques, in addition, accuracy was deter-
mined for total particulate measurement by compari-
son to Method 17. Collocated sampling trains were op-
erated parallel with two Method 17 trains. In the
second test, two CSR and one EGR trains were oper-
ated parallel to two Method 17 trains. The operating
procedures used for the CSR and EGR trains are de-
scribed in detail. In measurement of PM-10 and total
particulate matter, the precision of both the CSR and
EGR techniques was found to be of the same magni-
tude as Method 17 (approximately 5%). A small bias
was found between CSR and EGR PM-10 results
(15%) and between EGR and Method 17 total particu-
late matter (10%). Although small, these observed dif-
ferences, combined with trie results of laboratory stud-
ies reported elsewhere, led to a recommendation for
an increase in the length of sampling nozzles. This
modification improved cyclone performance and is in-
corporated into the nozzle geometries described in the
application guides for CSR and EGR.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Continuous sampling, 'Industri-
al wastes, Field tests, Performance evaluation, Quality
assurance,	Sites,	Cements,
Concentration(Composltion), Design criteria, 'Air pol-
lution sampling, 'Stationary sources, EPA method 17.
PB89-194286/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Oil Field Emissions of Volatile Organic Com-
pounds. Final rept. Apr 88-Mar 89,
Tulsa Dept. of City Development, OK.
R. S. Viswanath, and J. H. Van Sandt. Apr 89,74p
EPA/450/2-89/007
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The report presents data that determines the composi-
tion of volatile organic compound emissions from oil
production fields in Tulsa County, Oklahoma. Five
points in the crude oil production process were sam-
ples: well heads, gathering tasks, oilfield pipeline
tanks, pipeline terminal tanks, and refinery crude oil
storage tanks. The samples were collected in Summa
polished stainless steel canisters and analyzed by a
gas chromatograph with dual flame ionization detec-
tors. The analytical technique looked for ninety specif-
ic compounds; thirty were detected and are reported.
In general the compounds in greatest abundance were
ethane, propane, n-butane, 2-methyl butane, and n-
pentane. The data developed under the study are for
the composition of the volatile organic compounds;
volatile organic compound emission rates were not de-
termined.
Keywords: 'Gas chromatography, 'Oil fields, Chemi-
cal composition, Chemical analysis, Ethane, Propane,
Butanes, Pentanes, Crude oil, Tables(Data), 'Oil wells,
'Emission factors, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Volatile or-
ganic compounds.
PB89-194526/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Multi-Media Compliance Audit Procedures, IMS.
Final rept.
National Enforcement Investigations Center, Denver,
CO.
Mar 89,356p EPA/330/9-89/003-R
Supersedes PB88-114053.
The manual is intended as a guide for investigators
who conduct multi-media compliance audits of facili-
ties that discharge, emit, prepare, manage, store, or
dispose of substances controlled by federal, state or
local environmental laws and regulations. Investigative
methods are presented which Integrate the enforce-
ment programs associated with air, water, solid wa8te,
pesticides and toxic substances. Investigators per-
forming compliance audita follow established policies
and procedures for. (1) chain-of-custody and docu-
ment control; (2) handling of confidential information;
(3) employee conduct; (4) quality assurance and qual-
ity control; and (5) safety rules.
Keywords: 'Manuals, 'Pollution, 'Audits, 'Faculties,
Environmental surveys, Industrial waste8, Monitoring,
Investigations, Law enforcement Regulations, Gov-
ernment policies, Statutes, Instructions, Safety, Quatfty
assurance, Employees, Standards, 'Envlronrhental
management.
PB89-194740/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1966.
Volume 8. Southwestern Illinois Region.
Southwestern Illinois Metropolitan and Regional Plan-
ning Commission, Collinaville.
S. E. Andres. Apr 89,55p IEPA/WPC-89-089F
See also rept. for 1987, PB89-168797. Sponsored by
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Sorino-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
The report includes a brief overview of the program
and a discussion of program objectives and rationale,
it also contains data and analyses for those South-
western Illinois 1988 Volunteer Lake Monitoring Pro-
gram.
Keywords: 'Monitoring, 'Lakes, 'Water pollution, Ctti>
zen participation, Watersheds, Observations, Field
tests, Tables(Data), Graphs(Data), Volunteers, South-
western Region(lllinois).
PB89-194864/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Capsule Report: Environmental Controls at a Sec-
ondary Lead Smelter,
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
K. Schwttzgebel, and R. Vandervort Jul 83,24p EPA/
625/2-82/030
Prepared In cooperation with Centec Consultants, Inc.
Reston, VA. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Hazardous Waste Engineer-
ing Research Lab.
The Environmental Protection Agency and the Nation-
al Institute for Occupational Safety and Health have
sponsored a study of environmental and workptaiee
controls at a domestic secondary lead smelter The
study was Intended primarily to develop information
important to the effective control of environmental
emissions and employee exposure. The study was -yg
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ried out at East Penn Manufacturing Company in
Lyons, PA. It comprised an initial baseline evaluation
of environmental and workplace controls. In the follow-
up sampling and analysis to characterize the East
Penn lead smelter, the four major areas of interest
were process source emissions, baghouse efficiency,
employee exposure and workplace controls, and ag-
glomeration furnace performance. Emission rates for
specific lead smelting and refining operations were de-
termined on sources hooded for emission control in
the sanitary baghouse. These sources were sampled
for total lead, total particle loading, and particle size
distribution. Test results are reported for various
sources upstream and downstream of the control sys-
tems. Employee exposures to airborne lead were re-
duced significantly after the control systems were in
operation.
Keywords: 'Lead ores, 'Smelting, Tables(Data), Con-
trol equipment, Refining, Atmospheric dispersion, 'Oc-
cupational health and safety, 'Emission factors.
PB89-194880/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 89.1: Avermectin B1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
May 89,12p EPA/540/FS-89/055
See also PB87-114153.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on Avermectin B sub 1. A Fact
Sheet is issued after one of the following actions has
occurred: Issuance or reissuance of a registration
standard; Issuance of each special review document;
Registration of a significantly changed use pattern;
Registration of a new chemical; An immediate need for
information to resolve controversial issues relating to a
specific chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides, 'Acaricides,
'Lactones, Hazardous materials, Chemical properties,
Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agricultural prod-
ucts, Concentration(Composltion), Public health,
•Toxic substances, Avermectin B sub 1, Path of pollut-
ants, Chemical information fact sheet, Use patterns,
CAS 65185-55-3, CAS 65195-56-4.
PBM-196002/H3U	PCA11/MFA01
Proceedings of Stormwater and Water Quality
Model User Group Meeting. Held In Denver, Colo-
rado on October 3-4,1988. Technical rept.,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
J C Y. Quo. B-Urbonaa, and T. O. Barnwell. Jan
89. 243p EPA/600/9-89/001
See also PB88-125505. Prepared in cooperation with
Colorado Univ. at Denver. Dept. of Civil Engineering,
and Denver Urban Drainage and Flood Control District,
CO.
Twenty-two technical papers are presented on topics
related to the development and application of comput-
er-based mathematical models for water quality and
quantity management. The papers address five sub-
ject areas: revisions and modifications to EPA models,
administrative concerns, applications and experi-
ences, latest developments, and field observations
and related studies. A number of papers present criti-
cal reviews of modeling concepts, numerical ap-
proaches, and comparisons with field observations.
Revisions and modifications of the EPA SWMM model
presented in the proceedings are helpful in the en-
fjancement of the model's capability and user-friendli-
ness. Although the application of computer models is
the prime subject area, many other subjects, such as
Sreadsheet use, statistical sensitivity of measured
ta, AUTOCAD enhancement in data management,
and mapping database application, are addressed in
the papers from the October 1988 meeting of the
Stormwater and Water Quality Model Users Group
Meeting-
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Water quality, 'Computerized
simulation, 'Mathematical models, Hydrology, Man-
agement planning, Computer programs, Computer
oJocrarnmlng, Runoff. Rainfall, Monitoring, Sediments,
Winer pollution, Trace elements, Urban areas, Statisti-
cal analysis, Revisions, Land use, Watersheds,
Floods, Drainage, Comparison, 'Storm water, 'Water
quality management
PB89-195010/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Polnt-of-Entry Drinking Water Treatment Systems
for Superfund Applications,
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
C. 0. Chambers, and T. A. Janszen. Jun 89,79p EPA/
600/2-89/027
Contract EPA-68-03-3413
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and
State Superfund agencies need a technical manual to
assist their personnel in the selection of an effective
drinking water treatment system for individual house-
holds in areas where the drinking water has been ad-
versely affected by Superfund site contaminants and
no other alternative water supply is available or feasi-
ble. Commercially available water treatment systems
for individual households are of two basic types: point-
of-use (POU) and point-of-entry (POE). A POU device
consists of equipment applied to selected water taps
to reduce contaminants at each tap. A POE device
consists of equipment to reduce the contaminants in
the water distributed throughout the entire structure of
a house. The study was initiated to collect monitoring,
operation and maintenance, performance, and design
data on existing Superfund POE water treatment sys-
tems. Evaluation of the collected data showed that the
existing data are not sufficient for the preparation of a
technical assistance document to meet the objectives
of EPA and State Superfund personnel.
Keywords: 'Drinking water, "Water treatment, 'Waste
disposal, Water supply, Cost analysis, Strippers, Per-
formance evaluation, Materials handling. Houses,
Design criteria, 'Superfund program, 'Pollution con-
trol, Land pollution, Granular activated carbon treat-
ment.
PB89-195028/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Use of Starling Neat Boxes for Field Reproductive
Studies: Provisional Guidance Document and
Technical Support Document,
Huxley Coll. of Environmental Studies, Bellingham,
WA.
R. J. Kendall, L. W. Brewer, T. E. Lacher, M. L. Whitten,
and B. T. Maiden. Jun 89,91 p EPA/600/6-89/056
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
The report proposes nest box field testing guidelines
for determining reproductive effects of agricultural
pesticides on European starlings (Stumus vulgaris)
and provides background information and justification
for the procedures and methodology described. Inves-
tigation of the effects of pesticides on birds has gener-
ally been limited to either laboratory tests of pen-
reared species or to small-scale studies of captive
birds. Previous studies have focused mainly on gallina-
ceous and/or waterfowl species. The information on
the toxicity of various compounds to these species has
been extrapolated to other bird species, inherently in-
troducing a substantial amount of potential error. In
order to reduce this error, it is necessary to expand the
number of species tested and vary the conditions
under which the testing occurs.
Keywords: 'Reproduction(Bioiogy), 'Breeding, 'Birds,
'Pesticides, Wildlife, Toxicity, Exposure,
ConcentrationfComposition), 'Toxic substances, Stur-
nus vulgaris, Biological effects.
PB89-195036/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Interrelation of Experimental Exposure and Ambi-
ent Air Quality Data for Comparison of Ozone Ex-
posure Indices and Estimating Agricultural
Losses,
NSI Technology Services Corp., Corvallis, OR.
E. H. Lee, D. T. Tingey, and W E. Hogsett. Jun 89,
115p EPA/600/3-89/047
Contract EPA-68-C8-0006
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
The report evaluates ambient air quality indicators for
ozone (03) and estimates the exposure levels associ-
ated with agricultural losses. In support of the U.S.
EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
review and evaluation of a secondary National Ambi-
ent Air Quality Standard for ozone, the Terrestrial
Branch within the Corvallis Environmental Research
Laboratory investigated alternative exposure indices
for characterizing tne adverse effects of ozone on agri-
culture, using experimental data from the National
Crop Loss Assessment Network program. Scientific
and technical information on ozone and its effects on
vegetation, natural ecosystems, natural and artificial
materials, and human welfare necessitates a second-
ary standard that adequately describes the temporal
variations of exposure and their effects on plant pro-
duction and correlates well with short- and long-term
exposures. The identification of an appropriate ozone
standard that protects against crop yield losses pro-
ceeds along two lines: regression analysis of plant re-
sponse data against various exposure indices to deter-
mine indices tnat best depict biological response, and
ambient air quality analysis of ambient 03 data to iden-
tify indices that correlate well with various exposure
patterns.
Keywords: 'Farm crops, 'Ozone, 'Plant growth, Expo-
sure, Comparison, Experimental design, Standaids,
Regression analysis, Mathematical models, Sites,
Rural areas, 'Air pollution effects(Plants), 'Air quality
data, 'Biological indicators.
PB89-195044/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Methods for Studying Bacterial Gene Transfer In
Soil by Conjugation and Transduction,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
G. Stotzky, M. A. Devanas, and L. R. Zeph. Jun 89,
170p* EPA/600/3-89/042
Prepared in cooperation with New York Univ., NY. Lab.
of Microbial Ecology.
The document provides a series of protocols by which
a trained technician can conduct studies on the trans-
fer of genetic information by conjugation or transduc-
tion in soil, with emphasis on bacteria containing re-
combinant DNA. The level of the document is geared
to technicians with some background and experience
in standard laboratory methods used in microbiology
but who have limited knowledge of, and experience In,
bacterial genetics, molecular biology, and microbial
ecology, especially in soil. Many of the specific tech-
niques described in the document for studying gene
transfer in soil were developed by the authors during
the past few years. The primary motivation tor the
studies was the need for information on the survival of,
and gene transfer by, genetically engineered bacteria
that could be used in risk assessment of the release of
genetically engineered microorganisms to the environ-
ment.
Keywords: 'Genetic engineering, 'Bacteria, 'Soil
microbiology, 'Molecular biology, Tests, Manuals.
'Genetic conjugation, 'Transaction, Recombinant
DNA, Risk assessment
PB89-195184/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
State of Technology Review Soil Vapor Extraction
Syetema. Final rept.,
Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton. Dept of Civil
Engineering.
N. J. Hutzler, B. E. Murphy, and J. S. Gierke. Jun 89,
96p EPA/600/2-89/024
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
Soil vapor extraction is a cost-effective technique for
the removal of volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) from
contaminated soils. Among the advantages of the soil
air extraction processes are that they create a minimal
disturbance of the contaminated soil, they can be con-
structed from standard equipment, there is demon-
strated experience with soil vapor extraction at pilot-
and field-scale, they can be used to treat larger vol-
umes of soil than can be practically excavated, and
there is a potential for product recovery. The experi-
ence with existing extraction systems has been re-
viewed and information about each system is briefly
summarized.
Keywords: 'Soils, Extraction, Decontamination, Mate-
rials reoovary, Performance evaluation, Design criteria.
Site surveys, Reviews, Pilot plants, Field tests, 'Soil
gases, 'Land pollution, 'Volatile organic compounds,
'Pollution control, Hazardous materials spills.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB89-195192/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Continuous Performance Monitoring Technique*
for Hazardous Waste Incinerators. Rept. for Jan
80-Mar 80 (Final),
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
R. K.Nihart, J. C. Kramlich, G. S. Samuelsen, and W.
R. Seeker. May 89,62p EPA/600/2-89/021
Contract EPA-68-02-3633
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report describes a study to determine the feasibili-
ty of utilizing real-time continuous exhaust measure-
ments of combustion intermediates as a way to moni-
tor incinerator performance. The key issue was to de-
termine if a direct correlation exists between destruc-
tion efficiency (DE) and intermediate species concen-
tration measurements. Two general correlations were
observed: the correlation between DE, THC, and CH4
is nearly proportional, and the CO correlation indicates
that a significant increase in CO emissions is neces-
sary before the exhaust concentration of waste com-
pounds increases substantially.
Keywords: 'Continuous sampling, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'Incinerators, 'Combustion products, 'Waste dis-
posal, Performance evaluation, Feasibility, Carbon
monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Methane, Experimental
design, Stoichiometry, Atomizing, Destruction tests,
'Air pollution sampling, Quenching.
PB89-195200/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Removal and Fate of RCRA (Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act) and CERCLA (Compre-
hensive Environmental Response, Compensation
and Liability Act) Toxic Organic Pollutants In
WastewaterTreatment. Final rept.,
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Dept. of Civil and Environmental
Engineering.
S. K. Bhattacharya, R. V. R. Angara, D. F. Bishop, R. A.
Dobbs, and B. M. Austern. Jun 89,159p EPA/800/2-
89/026
Contract EPA-88-03-4038
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
Two separate studies were conducted to investigate
the removal and fate of 28 selected RCRA compounds
(0.25 mg/L of each compound) and 19 selected
CERCLA compounds (0.55 mo/L of each compound)
In conventional activated sludge treatment In each
study, two pilot-scale (35 gpm) activated sludge sys-
tems (SRT: 4 days for RCRA study and 8 days for
CERCLA study) were operated in parallel at the U.S.
EPA Test and Evaluation Facility in Cincinnati, Ohio.
One system was spiked continuously with either RCRA
or CERCLA toxics to produce an acclimated biomass;
the other was spiked Intermittently with the same
toxics and sampled to determine performance under
unaccWmated conditions. The selected RCRA or
CERCLA compounds did not cause any adverse ef-
fects on COD and SS removals. The concentrations of
organics (RCRA study) in air emissions indicated that
the chlorinated aliphatic solvents were essentially
volatilized into the plant air emission stream, whereas
the aromatic volatile benzenes were substantially de-
graded. Additional work is planned to attempt to
reduce the analytical variability encountered In the
studies.
Keywords: 'Activated sludge treatment, 'Sewage
treatment, Tables(Data), Concentrationns of this document
are not fully legible.
The report describes the methodology and the specific
conversion factors used for the heavy-duty gasoline
and diesel powered vehicles for the model years 1962
through 2000. Heavy-duty emission factors are used
by MOBILE4, a computer program that determines
emission inventories in various localities.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, 'Diesel en-
§ines, 'Exhaust emissions, Urban areas, Air pollution,
ampling, 'Heavy duty engines, MOBILE 4 computer
program, Conversion factors, Mobile source emis-
sions.
PB89-196398/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Progress In the Prevention and Control of Air Pol-
lution In 1987. Annual rept (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
1988,106p* EPA/450/2-89/009
See also report for 1988, PB88-168483.
The report addresses the progress made in the pre-
vention and control of air pollution in 1988. It oovore
the areas of air quality trends and monitoring, develop-
ing of air quality criteria and standards, the status of
State implementation plans, the control of stationary
and mobile source emissions, enforcement, and Rtloa-
tton. The report is the annual report of the Administra-
tor of EPA to the Congress in compliance with Sec-
tions 313,202(b)(4), and 306 of the Clean Air Act, as
amended.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Trends, Law enforce-
ment, Research programs, Standards, Radon, Nation-
al government. Stratosphere, Ozone, Management
planning, "Air pollution abatement, 'Air quatlty^CJean
Air Act, Stationary sources. Pollution requisitions. Envi-
ronmental monitoring, State Implementation Plans,
Nonpoint sources, Indoor air pollution, Toxic sub-
stances.
PB89-196422/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. DC
Office of Policy Analysis.
Communicating Radon Risk Effectively: Radon
Testing In Msrytsnd. Final Report,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park. NC.
W. H. Desvousges, V. K. Smith, and H. K Rink. Oct an
158p EPA/230/03-89/048	'
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Aoenov
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Two sets of materials and corresponding delivery
strategies for communicating radon risk were evaluat-
ed, compared with a 'no-special-treatment' strategy In
a comparison community. One community received
radio public service announcements and utility bill in-
serts. The second received these plus posters, local
government sponsorship of a radon awareness week,
and local slide presentations. The most intensive ef-
forts (multiple channels, multiple hits) were more effec-
tive than the less intensive effort, which had little
impact compared with no special treatment. From a
marketing perspective, the effort was very successful,
increasing the share of homeowners who tested for
radon from 5% to 15%. This may not be viewed as suf-
ficiently effective from a public health perspective,
however.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Maryland, 'Communication man-
agement, 'Mass communication, Education, Design
criteria, Environmental surveys, Residential buildings,
'Risk assessment, Indoor air pollution.
PBM-196679/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9):
Lorentz Barrel and Drum, San Jose, California
(First Remedial Action), September 1986.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
25 Sep 88,122p EPA/ROD/R09-88/023
The 5.4-acre Lorentz Barrel & Drum (LB and D) site is
located in San Jose, California, about 0.25 mile from
San Jose State University. The site lies directly above
a major source of potable ground water in the south
San Francisco Bay area, witn three public water supply
well fields within one mile of the site. In 1947 the Lo-
rentz family began a drum recycling operation on 10.S
acres of land at the site. Drums containing residual
aqueous wastes, organic solvents, acids, oxidizers,
caustic residues and oils were received for recycling.
Sometime between 1968 and 1971 the discharge was
diverted to a sanitary sewer, and investigations indi-
cate that this discharge occurred until 1984. Since
1981 several investigations have revealed soil and
ground water contaminated with numerous metals, or-
ganics, and PCBs. This remedial action will address
gie offsite contaminated shallow ground water. The
selected Expedited Response Action for this site in-
cludes: onsite ground water pump and treatment using
ozone/UV for organic removal and ion exchange for
nickel removal, with discharge of treated water to a
local creek.
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Organic compounds, 'Hazard-
ous materials, 'Waste disposal, Sites, Water pollution,
DrumsfContainers), Chlorine organic compounds, Bi-
phenyl. Ground water, Pumping,Industrial waste treat-
ment ion exchanging, Ozonlzation, California, Record
of Decision, First Remedial Action, 'Superfund, San
joee(Califomia).
bm»-186«87/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9):
Operating Industries, Inc. (Oil), Monterey Park,
California (Third Remedial Action), September
196*.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Sep 88,307p EPA/ROD/R09-88/013
The Operating Industries Inc. (Oil) site is a 190-acre
landffl located in Monterey Park, Calilomia, 10 miles
east of Los Angeles. To the northwest and east of the
aite the land use Is primarily Industrial; residential units
mrm located to the southwest, east and west of the site.
Ip 1952, the site and additional land, totalling 218
acres, were purchased by Oil. The landfill was permit-
tad to accept household refuse, organic refuse, scrap
metal, non-decomposable inert solids, and certain
types of liquids. In April 1983, Oil ceased accepting all
fadri wastes; disposal of all solid wastes ended In Oc-
tober 1984. EPA currently is performing operation and
mairrtenance of the existing leachate collection
austem. perimeter gas extraction system and interior
S. extraction system. The selected remedial action at
Jha site includes: installation of perimeter landfill gas
n_FQ) extraction wells, pile-driven weHs on the top
{jack of the landfill, shallow and deep slope wells to
aartfa subsurface migration at the perimeter; and utM-
'aStton of existing gas extraction wells and gas monitor-
ing probes.
Kavwerds: 'Vaporizing, 'Organic compounds, *Haz-
aSoM materials, 'Waste disposal, Sites, Water pollu-
tion, Earth fills, Benzene, Toluene, Maintenance,
Gases, Extraction, Monitoring, California, Record of
Decision, First Remedial Action, 'Superfund, Monte-
rey Park(California).
PB89-196695/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Republic Steel Quarry Site, Elyrla, Ohio (First Re-
medial Action), September 1988. Final rept,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Sep 88,44p EPA/ROD/R05-88/084
The Republic Steel Quarry site is located in the City of
Elyria in Lorain County, Ohio, southwest of Cleveland.
From 1950 to 1972, approximately 200,000 gallons of
waste pickle liquor (acid wastes used in steer process-
ing) were discharged to a ditch located on the east
side of the steel plant, which flowed north into the
quarry. From 1972 to 1975 the ditch was used for dis-
posing of rinse water from pickling operations. The pri-
mary contaminants of concern affecting surface water,
sediments, and soil are VOCs including toluene, and
metals including chromium and lead. The selected re-
medial action for this site includes: excavation and off-
site disposal in a RCRA landfill of approximately 100
cu yds of contaminated surface soil from the pickle
liquor discharge ditch and from along the southern end
of the quarry; and implementation of a five-year moni-
toring plan including a fish species survey.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Metals, 'Hazard-
ous materials, 'Waste disposal. Sites, Water pollution,
Mines(Excavations), Steel plants, Ground water, Earth
fills, Monitoring, Excavation, Fishes, Bioassay, Ohio,
Record of Decision, First Remedial Action, 'Super-
fund, Heavy metals, Elyria(Ohio).
PB89-196703/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Veislcol Chemical Corporation, Marshall, Illinois
(First Remedial Action), September 1988. Final
rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Sep 88,98p EPA/ROD/R05-88/081
The Velsicol Chemical Corporation (VCC) is a manu-
facturing facility located in east-central Illinois, approxi-
mately one mile north of the Gty of Marshall, Clark
County, Illinois. A total of 334 acres onsite are leased
for crop fanning. VCC was In operation between the
mid-19308 and August 1987, and occupied an area of
approximately 420 acres, 172 of which were used for
production or disposal practices for petroleum deriva-
tives including resins, solvents, and pesticides, includ-
ing chlordane manufacturing. Ail process wastewater
has been deep-well injected onsite since 1985 and the
majority of the waste solids and sludges generated at
the facility were disposed of in Pond 5/6 until 1980
when the firm ceased operations. Accidental and In-
tentional offsite releases of wastes were noted during
the period the ponds were in operation. In the 1980s,
all contaminated soil and visually contaminated sedi-
ments were consolidated and stabilized with cement
and fly ash, and covered with a temporary clay cap and
vegetation. The primary contaminants of concern af-
fecting the soil, sediments, surface water and ground
water are VOCs including benzene and other organ ics
including PAHs and pesticides. The selected remedial
action for the site is included.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Site sur-
veys, 'Hazardous materials, 'Ponds, 'Chemical indus-
try, 'Waste disposal, Water pollution, Solid waste dis-
posal, Ground water, Benzene, Surface water, Soils,
Aromatic poiycyciic hydrocarbons, Pesticides, Cost
analysis, Public health, 'Superfund, 'Remedial action,
'Solid waste management, 'Velsicol Chemical Corpo-
ration, 'Land reclamation, 'MafShall(lllinois), Liquid
waste disposal, Land disposal, Volatile organic com-
pounds, Contingency planning.
PBW-198711/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
Flowood, Rankin County, Mississippi (First Reme-
dial Action), September 1988. Final rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Sep 88.51 p EPA/ROD/R04-88/041
The Flowood site consists of 225 acres of mostly wet-
lands and lowlands, is located in the Town of Flowood,
Rankin County, Mississippi on the east side of the
Pearl River. The site includes wastewater discharge
areas and downstream areas adjacent to two industrial
manufacturing facilities. Two manufacturing facilities
have been owned and operated by a series of compa-
nies at the Flowood site since the 1950s. The north-
ernmost facility manufactured corrugated boxes, and
the southernmost facility produced ceramic tiles
through the 1970s and stoneware cooking pots from
the mid-1970s to the present. A routine industrial
wastewater inspection conducted by the Mississippi
Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) in the fall of
1982 revealed the unpermitted discharge of hazardous
substances to the onsite canal. Subsequent sampling
detected lead contamination in water and sediments
from the canal. The MDNR began an emergency treat-
ment and removal process to address the contaminat-
ed wastewater, but discontinued the process when
higher levels of lead were found in the canal adjacent
to one of the manufacturing sites. In 1983, EPA investi-
gations revealed high lead levels in onsite sludges,
sediments, and surface soil. The primary contaminant
affecting the soil and sediments is lead. The selected
remedial action for the site is included.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Site surveys, 'Hazard-
ous materials, 'Earth fills, 'Water pollution, Sedi-
ments, Surface waters, Law enforcement, Ground
water, Substitutes, Cost analysis, Lead(Metal), 'Su-
perfund, 'Land reclamation, 'Remedial action,
'Flowood(Mississippi), 'Waste waters, Risk assess-
ment, Contingency planning, Land pollution.
PB89-196729/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
CelaneM Fibers Operations, Shelby, North Caroli-
na (First Remedial Action), March 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
23 Mar 88,79p EPA/ROD/R04-88/038
The 450-acre Celanese Fiber Operations (CFO) site is
occupied by a polyester raw-material production facili-
ty and is located in Cleveland County, one mile north of
Earl, North Carolina. The plant began operations in
1960 as Fibers Industries, Inc. and manufactured poly-
ester polymer chip and filament yarn using the chemi-
cals dimethyl terephthalate and ethylene glycol. The
CFO waste treatment plant was constructed in phases
concurrent with the manufacturing plant This resulted
in the disposal of chemical wastes directly into a drain-
age ditch during the early years of operation prior to
completion of the waste treatment plant Several areas
around the plant have been used for waste disposal,
including old burning pits for normal plant wastes (pol-
yester and trash), a glycol recovery unit sludge burial
area, and a former drum storage and staging area
(drums contained solutions that failed to polymerize)
excavated and backfilled in the mid-1960s, and two
soak-away ponds formerly containing treated sanitary
sewage. The primary contaminants of concern affect-
ing the ground water include: VOCs including benzene
and PCE, organics including phenols, and metals In-
cluding chromium. The selected remedial action for
the site is included.
Keywoids: Site surveys, 'Earth fills, Industrial wastes,
Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal, Polyester
fibers, Chromium, Ground water. Water pollution, Ben-
zene, Cost estimates, 'Superfund, 'Remedial action,
Land reclamation, Solid waste management Municipal
wastes, Cleveland County(North Carolina).
PB89-196737/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Drake Chemical Site, Lock Haven, Pennsylvania
(Third Remedial Action), September 198*. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 88,98p EPA/ROD/R03-88/058
See also PB87-188454.
The Drake Chemical Site (DCS) is a 12.5-acre inactive
chemical manufacturing facility located in Lock Haven,
Clinton County, Pennsylvania The DCS facility in-
cludes two synthetic-lined wastewater treatment la-
goons, an unlined leachate lagoon, and a dry unlined
sludge lagoon. The water and sediments within the two
lined Impoundments are highly contaminated with site-
related organic and inorganic contaminants. The site
surface is covered with debris, chemical sludge, and
contaminated soil. Approximately 252,000 cu yds of
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
soil, sludges and sediments are contaminated. The
Drake Chemical Company was cited several times by
State and Federal agencies for violating environmental
and health and safety regulations. The focus of the
ROD is remediation of the contaminated soil, sludges,
and ground water at the site. The primary contami-
nants of concern affecting the ground water, surface
water, soil, and sediments are VOCs including ben-
zene, toluene, TCE, and xylenes, other organics in-
cluding fenac, phenols, and PAHs, and metals includ-
ing lead, chromium, and arsenic. The selected remedi-
al action for the site is included.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Chemical industry,
'Site surveys, 'Hazardous materials, 'Earth fills,
'Lagoons(Ponds), 'Waste disposal, Water pollution,
Ground water, Storage tanks, Aromatic polycyclic hy-
drocarbons, Cost analysis, Solid waste disposal,
Public health, 'Superfund, 'Remedial action, 'Drake
Chemical Company, 'Surface impoundments, 'Land
reclamation, Solid waste management, 'Lock
Haven(Pennsylvania), Volatile organic compounds,
Liquid waste disposal, Contingency planning.
PB89-198745/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Dorney Road Landfill Superfund Site, Lehigh
County, Pennsylvania (First Remedial Action),
September 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 88,57p EPA/ROD/R03-88/056
The Dorney Road Landfill site is located in Lehigh
County, Pennsylvania. The site is approximately 27
acres, bounded on the east by Dorney Road, and ex-
tends westward such that the southwest corner is in
Longswamp Township, Berks County. Beginning in
1952, an abandoned iron mine pit on the site was used
as an open dump. From 1966 to 1978, an unpermitted
landfill was operated in the same mine pit. In 1986,
EPA conducted a removal action and rearaded the
landfill to prevent runoff and erosion of landfill material
from migrating to neighboring property. In 1980 and
1982, EPA investigations revealed elevated levels of
VOCs, metals and phenols in ground water and leach-
ate samples. The remedial action will prevent dermal
contact and incidental ingestion of landfill soil and
solid waste. The primary contaminants of concern af-
fecting the soil, ground water and surface water are
VOCs including benzene, toluene and xylenes, metals
including arsenic and chromium, and other organics in-
cluding phenol and PAHs. The selected remedial
action for the site is included.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Site surveys, 'Hazardous ma-
terials, 'Waste disposal, Water pollution, Ground
water, Surface waters, Cost analysis, Public health,
Metals, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Solid waste
disposal, 'Superfund, 'Remedial action, 'Land recla-
mation, 'Municipal wastes, 'Lehigh
County(Pennsylvania), Land pollution, Volatile organic
compounds, Contingency planning.
PB89-196752/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Wildcat Landfill, Kent County, Delaware (First Re-
medial Action), June 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Jun 88,62pEPA/ROD/R03-88/052
The Wildcat Landfill site is located 2.5 miles southeast
of Dover in Kent County, Delaware. A pond, created by
construction of the landfill, Is located directly adjacent
to the site along the northwestern edge. The site was
operated as a permitted sanitary landfill between 1962
and 1973, accepting both municipal and industrial
wastes. Industrial wastes suspected to have been dis-
posed of include latex waste and paint sludges. Typi-
cal wastes encountered at the site included municipal
refuse latex in strips and sheets; scattered crushed,
empty, or intact drums; and manufactured plastic
items. Consequently, in that area of the landfill, wastes
are in direct contact with the surficial sand aquifer. The
primary contaminants of concern affecting the soil and
around water are VOCs including benzene, other or-
aanics including PCBs, and metals including arsenic
and lead. The selected remedial actions for the site are
included.
Keywords; 'Earth fills, 'Site surveys, 'Waste disposal,
•Hazardous materials, 'Industrial wastes. Ground
water, Soils, Water pollution, Cost analysis, Water
wells. Public health, Solid waste disposal. Regulations,
'Superfund, 'Remedial action, 'Land reclamation,
'Solid waste management, 'Municipal wastes, 'Kent
County(Delaware), Volatile organic compounds, Land
pollution, Contingency planning, Land disposal, Risk
assessment.
PB89-196760/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Ewan Property, Burlington County, New Jersey
(First Remedial Action), September 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 88,111 p EPA/ROD/R02-88/073
The 43-acre Ewan Property site is located in a pre-
dominantly agricultural and residential area of Sha-
mong Township, Burlington County, New Jersey. Pri-
vate residences are provided domestic water from
wells. The site is broken into two study areas. Area A
and Area B. Area A, consisting of nine acres, is the
area of concern. Site investigations revealed that
during the early to mid-1970s, at least 500 to 8,000 55-
gallon drums containing hazardous industrial wastes
were disposed of in trenches in Area A, and the trench-
es were subsequently backfilled with soil. Investiga-
tions also revealed that many of the drums are rup-
tured, corroded or leaking. Soil and ground water sam-
ples indicate the presence of VOCs and metals. The
selected remedial action for this site includes: con-
struction of decontamination, staging and waste char-
acterization areas; excavation, staging and character-
ization of waste materials with offsite incineration of all
appropriate wastes (approximately 4,500 cu yds of
buried drums and heavily contaminated soil); tempo-
rary onsite storage and assessment of non-incinerable
wastes to determine proper disposal method; and
monitoring of air and ground water during remedial ac-
tivities.
Keywords: 'Vaporizing, 'Organic compounds, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Waste disposal, Sites, Water pollu-
tion, Ground water, Industrial wastes, Benzene,
Metals, Drums(Containers), Incinerators, Monitoring,
Storage, New Jersey, Record of Decision, First Reme-
dial Action, 'Superfund, Burlington County(New
Jersey).
PB89-196778/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1):
Rose Disposal Pit, Lanesborough, Massachusetts
(First Remedial Action) September 1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC,
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
23 Sep 88,108p EPA/ROD/R01 -88/028
The Rose Disposal Pit site occupies 1.5 acres in the
northern section of a 14-acre residential lot located in
Lanesborough, Massachusetts, approximately 4 miles
north of Pittsfield. During the 1950s and possibly later,
the General Electric Company disposed of waste oils
and solvents in a trench on the site, now referred to as
the disposal area. Field investigations conducted be-
tween 1981 and 1986 revealed nigh concentrations of
PCBs in surface and subsurface soils and indicated
the presence of VOCs in ground water. The primary
contaminants of concern affecting the soil, sediments,
ground water, and surface water are VOCs including
PCE, TCE, toluene, and xylenes, and other organics in-
cluding PCBs. The selected remedial action for the site
is included.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Site sur-
veys, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal, Water
pollution, Cost analysis, Ground water, Public health,
Soils, Sediments, surface water, 'Superfund, 'Land
reclamation,	'Remedial	action,
'Lanesborough(Massachusetts) Liquid waste dispos-
al, Volatile organic compounds, Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls, Land pollution, Contingency planning.
PB89-198788/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Kummer Sanitary Landfill, Beltrami County, Min-
nesota (Second Remedial Action) September
1968.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Sep 88,65p EPA/ROD/R05-88/082
See also PB85-249548.
The Kummer Sanitary Landfill is a 40-acre site located
in Northern Township, Beltrami County, Minnesota.
Between 1971 and 1983 the site operated as a sani-
tary landfill, accepting mixed municipal waste. Begin-
ning in 1974, demolition debris consisting of fly ash
and sawdust were disposed of onsite. In 1982 and
1983 the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency sampled
ground water from onsite monitoring wells and discov-
ered 19 VOCS including TCE, PCE, and benzene. In
1984, VOCs were also discovered in offsite shallow
residential wells downgradient of the site; consequent-
ly, in 1985 the site was ordered closed. Approximately
244 homes affected by contaminated ground water.
Although there is no documentation of hazardous
waste disposal at the site, it is believed that small
quantities of wastes such as paint thinner, solvents,
and pesticides were included in municipal wastes. The
primary contaminants of concern affecting ground
water and soil are VOCs such as TCF, PCE and ben-
zene. The selected remedial action for the site is in-
cluded.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Site surveys, 'Hazardous ma-
terials, 'Waste disposal, 'Industrial wastes, Ground
water, Water pollution, Cost analysis, Public health.
Solid waste disposal, 'Superfund, 'Remedial action,
'Solid waste management, 'Land reclamation, 'Mu-
nicipal wastes, 'Beltrami County(Minnesota), Volatile
organic compounds, Land pollution, Contingency plan-
ning.
PB89-196828/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Effects of Burn Rate, Wood Species, Moisture
Content and Weight of Wood Loaded on Wood-
stove Emissions. Rept. for Dec 84-Dec 85,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
K. E. Leese, and S. M. Harkins. May 89,400p EPA/
600/2-89/025
Contract EPA-68-02-3992
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of tests of four woodatove op-
erating parameters (burn rate, wood moisture, wood
load, and wood species) at two levels each using a half
factorial experimental test design to determine statisti-
cally significant effects on the emission components
CO, C02, particulate matter, total extractable organics
(TEOs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), C1-
C7 hydrocarbons, metals, and the Ames plate incorpo-
ration bioassay mutagenic potential. Results showed
that increasing burn rate lowered CO, particulate
matter, TEO, and C1-C7 hydrocarbon emission rates.
Increasing burn rate raised emission rates of individual
PAHs ana several metals, and also the mutagenic po-
tential of the emissions. All of these effects were sig-
nificant at the 90% or better confidence interval. At the
90% or better confidence interval, reducing wood
moisture increased the particulate emission factor
while concentrations of several PAHs in the stack gas
were lowered. Changing from pine to oak increasedK
emissions at the 90% confidence interval.
Keywords: 'Combustion, 'Wood, *Air pollution.
Stoves, Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide, Particles,
Organic compounds, Bioassay, Aromatic polycyclic
hydrocarbons, Metals, Burning rate, Mutagens, Oak
wood, Pine wood, Tables(Data), 'Wood stoves.
PB89-197214/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Onset of Electrical Breakdown In Dust Layers. 2.
Effective Dielectric Constant and Local Field En-
hancement Journal article May-Nov 87.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab
R. P. Young, J. L. DuBard, and L E. Sparks. c1988 8d
EPA/600/J-88/289	H
Prepared in cooperation with Southern Research Inst
Birmingham, AL.	'
Part 1 of the work has shown that electrical breakdown
in dust layers obeys Paschen's Law, but occurs at ap-
plied field values which appear too small to initiate the
breakdown. In the paper the authors show how an ef-
fective dielectric constant characterizing the dust layer
can be determined from AC dielectric measurements
and the theory of Debye. When combined with en ex
pression for the enhanced local electric field in tha
void spaces between particles in the layer field
strengths which are large enough to initiate electrical
breakdown In the layer are predicted at relatively Em!
values of applied field. The effect of temperature and
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
dust layer thickness on the onset of electrical break-
down within the dust layer can also be explained by the
dependence of the effective dielectric constant on
these parameters. (Copyright (c) APCA, 1988.)
Keywords: 'Dust control, 'Dielectric properties, 'Elec-
trical faults, 'Electric fields, 'Particles, 'Electrostatic
precipitators, Air pollution control equipment, Test
chambers, Temperature, Numerical analysis, Debye-
Scherer method, Reprints.
PB09-197222/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Assessing Multiple Pollutant Multiple Source
Cancer Make from Urban Air Toxic*: Summary of
Approaches and Insights from Completed and
Ongoing Urban Air Toxics AiMument Studies.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
D. Sullivan, T. Lahre, and M. Alford. Apr 89,261 p EPA/
450/2-89/010
The primary purpose of the report is to assist State,
local and other agency personnel by describing meth-
ods that have been used in assessing multiple source,
multiple pollutant risks from air toxics exposures in
urban areas. The report does not constitute formal
EPA guidance for conducting an urban risk assess-
ment, nor does it recommend a single approach. In-
stead, it Identifies techniques that others have elected
to employ and offers insights that may assist the
reader in selecting a particular set of techniques for
use in a given locale. Major topics covered include (1)
a summary of completed and ongoing urban air toxics
assessment studies, (2) ambient monitoring assess-
ment approaches, (3) emission inventory/dispersion
modeling assessment approaches, (4) aspects of ex-
posure and risk assessment, (5) control strategy eval-
uation, (6) data handling, and (7) evolving assessment
technologies, including receptor modeling, personal
monitoring and bioassay sampling.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Air pollution, 'Urban areas,
Guidelines, Monitoring, Carcinogens, Exposure, Sites,
Emission, Dispersing, Inventories, Mathematical
models, Bioassay, Sampling.
PM9-187313/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
National Science Foundation, Washington, DC. Div. of
Industrial Science and Technological Innovation.
Feasibility Demonstration of a Materials Non-De-
structivs Evaluation Expert System.
Structural Integrity Associates, Inc., San Jose, CA.
A, N. Mucciardi, P. C. Riccardella, and R. B. Stonesifer.
Jul 86,82p SIR-86-019, NSF/ISI-86048
Grant NSF-iSi85-60555
Sponsored by National Science Foundation, Washing-
ton, DC. Div. of Industrial Science and Technological
Innovation.
A feasibility study was performed on a general purpose
materials non-destructive evaluation (NDE) expert
system. The research included a survey of several
NDE applications in U.S. industry, from which power
plant piping was selected as an example for demon-
stration of the expert system concept. The elements of
conventional NDE application were identified, from in-
spection scheduling to data analysis and ultimate dis-
position of inspection findings. Computer software to
Implement the major elements were Identified and
combined into an overall expert system framework
consisting of three modules which emulate the deci-
aions of skilled NDE, metallurgy, and design and frac-
ture mechanics personnel. The feasibility of the expert
system was demonstrated through application to four
specific power plant pipe welds, which exercise vari-
ous aspects of the evaluation process.
Keywords: 'Nondestructive tests, 'Fracture tests,
Fractures(Materials), Artificial intelligence, Feasibility,
Evaluation, Mechanical properties, Metallurgy,
Ptpes(Tubes), 'Expert systems, Computer applica-
tions.
PBM-197420/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Arulfysis of Inorganic and Organic Chloramlnes:
Dwtvatbatlon with 2-Mermptobenzothlaxoie.
journsl article.
Minnesota Univ.-Duluth. Dept. of Chemistry
M T Lukasewycz, C. M. Bieringer, R. J. Uukkonen, M.
E.Fttzslmmons, and H. F. Corcoran. C1989,7p EPA/
eoo/j-es/049
Grant EPA-R-810948
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v23
n2 p196-199 Feb 89. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Knowledge of the amine content present during water
renovation processes involving chlorination is impor-
tant to define more adequately the content of a matrix
now described only as 'combined residual chlorine' or
'chlorine produced oxidants' and because of the varia-
tion in disinfectant capability and other chemical and
biological activities of the chloramine species that are
generated. However, the presence of 'organic nitro-
gen' and the instability of many organic cnioramines
continue to challenge the analyst A technique has
been developed for the analysis of chloramine and or-
ganic chloramlnes present in water using 2-mercapto-
benzothiazole as the derivatizing agent. The resulting
sulfanamides are stable and can be conveniently ana-
lyzed by HPLC using ultraviolet or electrochemical de-
tection. (Copyright (c) 1989 American Chemical Socie-
ty.)
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, Electrochemistry,
Chlorination, Water treatment, Ultraviolet spectrosco-
py, Reprints, 'Chloramines, 'High performance liquid
chromatography, "Water pollution detection, Benzoth-
iazole thiol.
PB49-197438/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Validation of Signature Polarllpld Fatty Add Blo-
markera for Alkane-Utlllzlng Bacteria In Soils and
Subsurface Aquifer Material*. Journal article.
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
D. B. Ringelberg, J. D. Davis, G. A. Smith, S. M.
Pfiffner, and P. D. Nichols. c1989,14p EPA/600/J-89/
048
Pub. in FEMS Microbiology Ecology 62, p39-50 Jan 89.
Prepared in cooperation with Tennessee Univ., Knox-
ville. Inst, for Applied Microbiology, Commonwealth
Scientific and Industrial Research Organization,
Hobart (Australia). Div. of Oceanography, Florida State
Univ., Tallahassee. Dept. of Biological Science, and
Johnson (S.C.) and Son, Inc., Racine, Wl.
Extractable cell membrane-derived polarlipid ester-
linked fatty acids (PLFA) obtained from aerated soils
gassed with methane or propane and from methane-
and propane-oxidizing bacteria isolated from the soils
were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography/mass
spectrometry. Exposure of aerated soils to methane
resulted in the formation of a high proportion of an un-
usual 18-carbon mono-saturated PLFA, 18:1w8c. High
proportions of this fatty acid biomarker are found in
monocultures from this soil grown in minimal media
with methane. This PLFA has been previously estab-
lished as associated with authentic type II methane-
oxidizing bacteria. This PLFA pattern has been detect-
ed in several monocultures enriched from the soil with
propane-amended minimal media. The correspond-
ence of high proportions of these unusual mono-un-
saturated PLFA in the isolated monocultures and in
situ in the soils after stimulation with the appropriate
hydrocarbon is a strong validation of the utility of these
btomarkers in defining the community structure of the
surface soil microbial community. (Copyright (c) 1989
Federation of European Microbiological Societies.)
Keywords: 'Fatty acids, 'Bacteria, 'Soils, Exposure,
Microorganisms, Reprints, 'Biomarkers.
PB89-1S7446/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Microbial Ecology of the Subsurface at an Aban-
doned Creosote waate Site. Journal article.
Rice Univ., Houston, TX. Dept. of Environmental Sci-
ence and Engineering.
J. M. Thomas, M. D. Lee, M. J. Scott, and C. H. Ward.
C1989,14p EPA/600/ J-89/045
Pub. In Jnl. of Industrial Microbiology, v4 n2 p109-120
Mar 89. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental
Research Lab., Ada, OK.
The microbial ecology of pristine, slightly contaminat-
ed, and heavily contaminated subsurface materials,
and four subsurface materials on the periphery of the
plume at an abandoned creosote waste site was inves-
tigated. Except for the unsaturated zone of the heavily
contaminated material, mineralization of glucose (13.5
ppb) indicated a metabolically active microflora in ail
subsurface material*. However, mineralization
(<40%) of naphthalene, phenanthrene, and 2-methyl-
naphthalene was observed in contaminated material
and material from the periphery of the plume, but not in
pristine material. The data suggest that the subsurface
microflora in slightly and heavily contaminated subsur-
face materials and materials from the periphery of the
plume has adapted to degrade many compounds
found in creosote.
Keywords: 'Creosote, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste
disposal, 'Microorganisms, 'Water pollution control,
Sites, Biodeterioration, Metabolism, Acclimatization,
Aquifers, Comparison, Plumes, Napthalene com-
pounds, Napthalene, Degradation, Subsurface investi-
gations, Tests, Reprints.
PB89-197453/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Economics of Sample Compositing as a Screen-
ing Tool In Ground Water Quality Monitoring. Jour-
nal article.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
R. Rajagopal, and L R. Williams. 1989,10p EPA/600/
J-89/044
Pub. in GWMR, p186-192 1989.
Recent advances in high throughput/automated com-
positing with robotics/field-screening methods offer
seldom-tapped opportunities for achieving cost-reduc-
tion in ground water quality monitoring programs. An
economic framework is presented for tne evaluation of
sample compositing as a screening tool in ground
water quality monitoring. When the likelihood of occur-
rence of a contaminant in a well is very small, the use
of sample compositing instead of routine exhaustive
sampling will lead to reduction in analytical efforts.
Such reduction will be maximum when there are no
contaminated wells in the network. An N-fold reduction
will result when none of the wells in a network of N
wells are contaminated. When 25% or more wells in a
network are contaminated, the use of sample compo-
siting will require, at the most, an additional 50% ana-
lytical effort compared to exhaustive sampling. A quan-
titative ratio (fl) of laboratory analytical cost to that of
well installation and field sampling costs and a ratio
(12) of the expected number of contaminated wells to
that of the total number of wells in the network. Sever-
al useful mathematical results of primary interest are
derived and illustrated with case examples in the
paper. Selected areas for further research are also
outlined.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Water quality, 'Economic
analysis, 'Site surveys, Composts, Water wells, Cost
effectiveness,	Waste	disposal,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, 'Environmen-
tal monitoring, 'Water pollution sampling.
PB89-197481/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Characterization of Particulate Emissions from
Non-Ferrous Smelter*. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
R. L. Bennett, and K. T. Knapp. 1989,9p EPA/600/J-
89/043
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association 39,
p169-1741989.
Chemical composition and particle size data for partic-
ulate emissions from stationary sources are required
for environmental health effect assessments, air
chemistry studies, and air quality modelling investiga-
tions such as source apportionment. In the study, par-
ticulate emissions from a group of non-ferrous smelt-
ers have been physically and chemically character-
ized. Emission samples were collected at the bagh-
ouse outlets from smelter furnaces and at smelter acid
plant stacks at three locations: a zinc, a lead, and a
copper smelter. Mass emission rate determinations
were made by EPA reference methods. Cascade im-
pactors were used to collect in-stack samples for parti-
cle size distribution measurements. Particulate sam-
ples for chemical characterization were collected on
membrane filters for analysis by X-ray fluorescence
spectroscopy. Development measurement techniques
required to determine the elemental composition of
the total mass and sized fractions of the emission are
discussed. Results of the tests at the three smelters in-
clude total mass and elemental emission rates, parti-
cle size distribution, and the elemental composition of
the total particulate mass and of sized fractions from
both the smelter furnaces and acid plants.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Particles, 'Industrial wastes, 'Smelters,
'Environmental surveys, Zinc, Lead(Metal), Copper,
Sites,	Particle	size	distribution,
Concentration(Composition), Physical properties,
Chemical properties, Reprints, "Air pollution sampling,
Baghouses, Stationary sources, Air pollution detec-
tion, Fluorescence spectroscopy.
PB89-197479/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Characterization of Emissions from a Methanol
Fueled Motor Vehicle. Journal article (Final).
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. Snow, L. Baker, W. Crews, C. O. Davis, and J.
Duncan. c1989,10p EPA/600/J-89/039
Contract EPA-68-02-4443
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association 39,
p48-54 1969. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park. NC. Atmospheric
Sciences Research Lab.
Exhaust, evaporative, and refueling emissions were
examined from a methanol fueled Ford Escort operat-
ed with M-85 (85% methanol-15% gasoline) and M-
100 (100% methanol) fuels. Exhaust and evaporative
emissions were examined for vehicle operation at
summer and winter ambient temperatures, while refu-
eling emissions were examined at typical summer tem-
peratures. Regulated emissions (total hydrocarbons,
carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides), as well as, formal-
dehyde, methanol, ana detailed hydrocarbon emis-
sions were examined. Results indicated that carbon
monoxide, methanol, hydrocarbon, and formaldehyde
exhaust emissions increased substantially when the
vehicle was operated at reduced temperatures. Form-
aldehyde emissions were more fuel sensitive than hy-
drocarbon, carbon monoxide and methanol emissions.
With M-85 a significant portion of the total organic
evaporative and refueling emissions was comprised of
hydrocarbons. Both hydrocarbon and methanol evap-
orative emissions were dependent on test temperature
as well as on fuel type. Methanol refueling emissions
were invariant to both tank temperature and fuel type,
while hydrocarbon refueling emissions decreased with
increasing tank temperature.
Keywords: 'Gasohol, 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emis-
sions, "Methanol fuels. Formaldehyde, Hydrocarbons,
Environmental tests, Carbon monoxide, Temperature,
Winter, Summer, Emissions tests, Evaporative emmis-
sions, Ford Escort automobiles.
PB89-197487/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Estimation of Maximum Surface Concentrations
from Source* Near Complex Terrain in Neutral
Flow. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
R. E. Lawson, W. H. Snyder, and R. S. Thompson.
1989,13p EPA/600/J-89/067
Pub. In Atmospheric Environment, v23 n2 p321-331
1989.
A wind tunnel study was conducted to determine maxi-
mum ground-level concentrations for a variety of
source positions (locations and heights) both up-
stream and downstream of two model nills, an axisym-
metric hill and a two-dimensional ridge, immersed in a
simulated neutral atmospheric boundary layer. Terrain
amplification factors derived from these measure-
ments were used to construct contour plots showing
regions or 'windows' of enhanced ground-level con-
centration. These windows of enhanced ground-level
concentration are shown to be a useful guide for esti-
mating the effects of complex terrain on pollutant dis-
persion or, conversely, for determining source loca-
tions near complex terrain which minimize the en-
hancement of ground-level concentration.
Keywords: "Air pollution, ConcentrattonfComposition),
Atmospheric diffusion, Hills, Estimates, Reprints, 'Sur-
face air, Ground level. Wind tunnel tests, Atmospheric
boundary layer, Complex terrain.
g&TSSL* L*.
AnMroblc^l^MmMlon of ^Dichiorophenoi
In Freshwater Lake Sediments at Different Tem-
peratures. Journal article,
Georgia Univ., Athens.
G. W. Kohring, J. E. Rogers, and J. Wiegel. c1989,8p
EPA/600/J-89/054
Grant EPA-R-812638
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology 55, n2
p348-353 Feb 89. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab., Athens, GA. Office of Research and De-
velopment.
Anaerobic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-
DCP) between 5 and 72C was Investigated. Anaerobic
sediment slurries prepared from local freshwater sedi-
ments were partitioned into anaerobic tubes or serum
vials, which then were incubated separately at the vari-
ous temperatures. Reductive 2,4-DCP dechlorination
occurred only in the temperature range between 5 and
50C, although methane was formed up to 60C. In sedi-
ment samples from two sites and at all temperatures
from 5 to 50C, 2,4-DCP was transformed to 4-chloro-
phenol (4-CP). The 4-CP intermediate was subse-
quently degraded after an extended lag period in the
temperature range from 15 to 40C. Adaptation periods
for 2,4-DCP transformation decreased between 5 and
25C, were essentially constant between 25 and 35C,
and increased in the tubes incubated at temperatures
between 35 and 40C. This suggests that at least two
different organisms were involved in the transforma-
tion of 2,4-DCP to 4-CP.
Keywords: 'Biodeterioration, 'Chlorine organic com-
pounds, 'Sediments, 'Lakes, Phenols. Temperature
gradients, Anaerobic processes, Tests, Seasonal vari-
ations, Herbicides, Chemical reactions, Methane,
Dechlorination, Graphs(Charts), Reprints, Dichloro-
phenol.
PB8S-1S7503/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Assessing Interaction* of Organic Compounds
during Blodegradation of Complex Waste Mix-
tures by Naturally Occurring Bacterial Assem-
blages. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA. Office of
Research and Development.
H. M. Hwang, R. E. Hodson, and D. L. Lewis. C1989,8p
EPA/600/J-89/053
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v8
n3 p209-214 Mar 89. Prepared in cooperation with
Georgia Univ., Athens.
Selected organic chemicals were tested to determine
the minimum concentrations at which complete inhibi-
tion of microbial degradative processes occurred.
Complete inhibition did not occur at less than 2 g/L
phenol, 10 g/L toluene or n-butanol, and 100 g/L ace-
tone, benzene or methanol. Consequently, microbial
degradative processes may play a significant role in
the abatement of even very high organic pollutant con-
centrations. Glucose utilization and thymidine uptake
rates were tested as indicative of the toxic effects of
organic pollutants. Both methods accurately indicated
the concentrations of organic pollutants required to
cause cessation of degradative activities and could
serve as indicators of degradative inhibition, in lieu of
degradation studies, when analytical processes for
test organics are expensive or unavailable. Degrada-
tion kinetics of the high organic chemical concentra-
tions followed typical multiphasic kinetic patterns,
which tended to yield pseuao-first-order degradation
rates over a wide range of chemical concentrations,
except when chemical concentrations were sufficiently
high to elicit metabolic inhibition. (Copyright (c) 1989
SETAC.)
Keywords: 'Aquatic microbiology, 'Decomposition re-
actions, 'Organic compounds, Phenols, Acetone,
Methanols, Butanols, Toluene, Benzene, Industrial
wastes, Reaction kinetics, Lakes, Metabolism, Water
pollution, Reprints, 'Blodegradation, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Aquatic ecosystems, Xenobiotics.
PB89-197611 /HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Microbial Degradation Kinetics of Toxic Organic
Chemicals Over s Wide Range of Concentrations
In Natural Aquatic Systems. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA. Office of
Research and Development.
H. M. Hwang, R. E. Hodson, and D. L. Lewis. C1989,
12p EPA/600/J-89/052
Pud. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v8
n1 p65-74 Jan 89. Prepared in cooperation with Geor-
gia Univ., Athens.
The degradation kinetics for several toxic organic com-
pounds (p-cresol, phenol, p-chlorophenol, acetone,
and methanol) exposed to natural aquatic microbial
assemblages were examined over a wide range of
concentrations. The results revealed that degradation
kinetics were multiphasic for each of the compounds
during at least one sampling period, i.e., the kinetic pa-
rameters K sub t and V sub max increased with in-
creasing substrate concentration. The observed muftt-
phasicity suggests the presence within the natural fru-
strate concentration range, tf the kinetic diversity is ig-
nored and rates of degradation are calculated based
on the assumption that kinetics follow simple hyperbol-
ic (Michaelis-Menten) relationships, then en-ors as
large as 40,000-fold can result. Thus, the results sug-
gest that models for predicting the persistence of sua)
compounds In natural waters should consider changes
in kinetic constants with substrate concentration
(Copyright (c) 1989 SETAC.)
Keywords: 'Decomposition reactions, 'Organic com-
pounds, 'Aquatic microbiology, Acetone, Methanols,
Cresols, Phenols, Water pollution, Lakes, Reaction ki-
netics, Industrial wastes, Reprints, "Blodegradation,
'Toxic substances, 'Environmental persistence,
Chlorophenols, Aquatic ecosystems, Xenobiotics.
PB89-197685/H8U	PC A02/MF AOI
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Influence of Increasing Chlorine Content on Km
Accumulation and Metabolism of Poly chlorinated
Biphenyls (PCBs) by Psul's Scarlet Rose Cell*.
Journal article,
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Dept. of Botany and Micro-
A. G. droeger, and J. S. Fletcher. C1988,7p EPA/600/
J-88/275
Pub. in Plant Cell Reports, v7 p329-332 1988. %>on-
sored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
e.,L -teuBcniorooipnenyi; ana Z,Z',4,4',5,5'-IWX-
achlorobiphenyl) were provided to suspension cultures
of rose (Rosa sp. vc. Paul's Scarlet) for four days. Both
the kinetics of (14)C exchange between the cells and
medium, and the metabolism of the parent compounds
depended on the chlorine content of the congeners.
Analysis of both the cells and their medium snowed
that of the recovered radioactivity 88%, 86%, and 3%
of the biphenyl, 1-PCB, and 2,2',4,4'-PCB were metab-
olized respectively to polar and insoluble residue prod-
ucts. The 2,2',4,4',5,5'-PCB did not appear to be me-
tabolized. (Copyright (c) 1988 Springer-verlag.)
Keywords: 'Plant metabolism, 'Decomposition reac-
tions, Plant cells. Aromatic hydrocarbons. Reaction ki-
netics, Reprints, 'Chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons,
'Bioaccumulation, 'Roses, 'Toxic substances, 'Poly-
chlorinated biphenyls, Cell cultures.
PB89-197693/HSU	PC A02/MF AOI
Air Cleaners and Indoor Air Quality. Journal article
Nov 87-May 88,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
L. E. Sparks. 1988,3p EPA/600/J-88/286
Pub. in American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and
Air-Conditioning Engineers Journal, p45 Jul 88.
The paper summarizes material presented at ASH-
RAE's Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) 1988 meeting in Atlan-
ta, Georgia in April 1988. One conclusion drawn from
several papers presented at the meeting, focusing on
the role of particulate and gaseous air cleaners in im-
proving IAQ, is that air cleaners have an Important role
in improving IAQ. However, they must be designed, op-
erated, and maintained property. There are two main
classes of indoor air cleaners: in-duct and room clean-
ers. In-duct cleaners are installed within heating, venti-
lating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, and
depend on the HVAC fans, ducts, etc. to move dirty air
into the air cleaner and cleaned air back into the buM>
ing. Room air cleaners are self-contained, and de-
signed to handle the air in a single room. Particle* In
both types of cleaners are collected by fibrous ~~
tion, electrostatic precipitation, or electrostatically ayg.
mented filtration. Organic vapors are usually adsorbed
by activated carbon filters which can be installed in
either type of cleaner. Although many comments in tha
paper apply to both types of cleaners, it focuses on irv
duct units. The rest of the paper discusses factor* (fag
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
affect air cleaner effectiveness, data on particulate
and organic cleaners, and measurement techniques.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, *Air clean-
ers, Air filters, Performance evaluation, Particles, Elec-
trostatic precipitators, Filtration, Activated carbon, En-
vironmental engineering, Reprints, 'Air quality, 'Indoor
air pollution.
PB89-197701/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Discharges from Coal Gasification Plant*. Journal
article Feb 79-Dec 86.
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
K. J. Bombaugh, and W.J. Rhodes. 1988,10p EPA/
0OO/J-88/27?
Contract EPA-68-02-3137
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v22
n12 p1369-1396 1968. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Apency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lib.
The paper reviews organics data obtained from fixed-
bed coal gasification processes. The review indicates
that, when gasifiers were operated with fuels having
similar volatTles contents, they all produced about 30
kg of condensable organics per metric ton of feed
coal; entrained-bed processes produced virtually
none. These condensable organics were generally
similar in composition. However, detailed comparisons
of the results indicated that the sums of the speciated
components accounted for a relatively small portion of
the total organics and that significant data gaps
remain. Further investigation indicated that the specia-
tion methodology may have omitted certain types or
classes of compounds that were not specifically
sought. This review points up the strengths and identi-
fies weaknesses in the data compilations.
Keywords: 'Coal gasification, 'Industrial wastes,
'Chemical analysis, 'Organic compounds,
Concentration(Composition), Sampling, Sites, Re-
views, Tables(Data), Reprints, 'Liquid wastes, 'Envi-
ronmental monitoring, 'Volatile organic compounds,
•Air pollution detection, Stationary sources.
PBM-197719/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Methods Used for Managing and Analyzing the
Data Stored In the NCLANData Library. Journal ar-
ticle.
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
S. E. Spruill, V. M. Lesser, M. C. Somerville, and J. O.
Rawlings. C1988,6p EPA/800/J-88/274
Pub. In Environmental Pollution 53, p482-465 1988.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
The final library file of formatted data contains nearly
250 individual NCLAN data sets comprised from 43
studies from four continental regions collected over 7
years (1980-1988). Data was collected to study re-
sponse of various cultivars to ozone. Data were for-
matted into three categories: descriptive information,
air quality data, and plant-response data. Coordinated
analysis of the data included developing dose-re-
aponse functions for the economic assessment incor-
porating experiment to experiment variation into meas-
ures of precision of estimated relative yield losses and
investigating altsrnative methods of analyses. Dose-
response models were developed for economic as-
sessment by combining ail data for each crop species
to model assumptions and homogeneity of response
to ozone over cultivars, sites and years. Methods used
in thes« combined analysis Included analyses of vari-
ance, polynomial and nonlinear regression analyses.
Transformations of the data and of models were used
when necessary based on development of residual
and normal plots, Box-Cox analyses and Barlett's Chi-
square Test for homogeneity of variance. An 'average'
response was computed from models for each spe-
cies, even though the response was known to be het-
erogeneous in most cases.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Data processing,
•pfint growth, 'Farm crops, 'Ozone, Mathematical
models, Economic analysis, 'Air pollution
effects(Plants), Dose-response relationships.
MM9-197727/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
CorvaWs Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Ozone and Water Stress on Net Photo-
synthetic Rate of Field Grown Soybean Leaves.
Journal article.
North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh.
S. F. Vozzo, J. E. Miller, A. S. Heagle, and W. A.
Pursley. C1988,10p EPA/600/J-88/273
Pub. in Environmental Pollution, v53 p471-473 1988.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Detailed physiological measurements were taken in
controlled field experiments to better elucidate how
environmental stresses interact to affect a soybean
plant's physiology and growth. Nondestructive tech-
niques were used to measure weekly and diurnal ef-
fects of ozone and water stress on net photosynthesis,
stomatal resistance and water status of field-grown
soybean leaves. Open-top field chamber were used to
expose soybean to seasonal 12-h/day mean concen-
trations of 0.018 (CF), 0.059 (1.3NF) and 0.085
(1.9NF) ppm ozone. Soil water levels were well wa-
tered (WW) and water stressed (WS). Net carbon ex-
change rate measurements (CER) were taken be-
tween 1000 and 1230h EST on center trifoliates with
uniform exposure to sunlight. Average CER rates ex-
pressed as percent of CF over the growing season
were 75% and 55% for WW 1.3NF, and 1.9NF and
90% and 81% for WS 1.3NF and 1.9NF, respectively.
Measured mean seasonal photosynthesis rates of the
WS CF treatments were 68% of those for the WW CF
treatments.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Soybean plants,
'Leaves(Botany), 'Photosynthesis, Farm crops, Plant
physiology, Plant growth, Concentration(Composition),
Reprints, Water stress, 'Air pollution effects(Plants).
PB89-197735/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Transduction of 'Escherichia coll' by Bacterio-
phage P1 In Soil. Journal article.
New York Univ., NY. Lab. of Microbial Ecology.
L. R. Zeph, M. A. Onaga, and G. Stotzky. c1988,10p
EPA/600/J-88/272
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v54
n7 p1731 -1737. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., OR.
Transduction of Escherichia coll W3110(R702) and
J53(RP4) (10,000 to 100,000 CFU/g of soil) by lysates
of temperature-sensitive specialized transducing de-
rivatives of bacteriophage P1 (10,000 to 100,000 PFU/
g of soil) (P1 Cm cts, containing the resistance gene
for chloramphenicol, or P1 Cm cts::Tn501, containing
the resistance genes for chloramphenicol and mercury
(Hg) occurred in soil amended with montmorillonite or
kaolinite. In nonsterile soil, survival of introduced E.
coli and the numbers of E. coli transductants resistant
to chloramphenicol or Hg were independent of the clay
amendment. The numbers of added E. coli increased
more when bacteria were added in Luria broth amend-
ed with Ca and Mg(LCB) than when they were added in
saline, however foe same proportion of E. coli was
transduced with both types of inoculum. In sterile soil,
total and transduced E. con and P1 increased by 3 to 4
logs, which was followed by a plateau when they were
inoculated in LCB and a gradual decrease when they
were inoculated in saline. Transduction appeared to
occur primarily in the first few days after addition of P1
to soil. The transfer of Hg or chloramphenicol resist-
ance from lysogenic to nonlysogenic E. coli by phage
P1 occurred In both sterile ana nonsterile soils. The
transductants appeared to be the E. coli that was
added. The survival of P1, E. cod hosts, and transduc-
tants for at least 28 days In nonsterile soil indicated the
potential for genetic transfer via transduction in soil.
(Copyright (c) 1988, American Society for Microbiolo-
gy.)
Keywords: 'Soil microbiology, 'Coliform bacteria, Es-
cherichia coli, Bacteriophages, Growth curves, Envi-
ronmental tests, Reprints, 'Transfection, Environmen-
tal persistence, Genetic engineering.
PB89-197743/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Onset of Electrical Breakdown In Dust Layers. 1.
Mlcrosparklng Described by Paschen's Law. Jour-
nal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
R. P. Young, J. L DuBard, and L. E. Sparks. c1988,
10p EPA/600/J-88/253
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v38
n11 p1412-1418 Nov 88. Prepared in cooperation with
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
The paper describes a study of the onset of electrical
breakdown In dust layers, for hand-deposited dust
layers in a parallel-plate geometry. It was found that
the breakdown was an ordinary electron avalanche
process originating in voids within the dust layer and
obeying Paschen s Law. The size of voids where
breakdown occurs was in the range of 10-20 microme-
ters for the layers used. The distribution of particle
sizes in a sample influences its breakdown through
changes in the average void dimension where brew-
down takes place. Water vapor in the test environ-
ment, which affects the electrical conduction mecha-
nism prior to breakdown, lowered the average electric
field required to initiate breakdown. Moderate compac-
tion of the sample had little or no effect on its break-
down behavior. (Copyright (c) 1988 APCA.)
Keywords: 'Electrostatic precipitators, 'Dust collec-
tors, 'Avalanche breakdown, Combustion deposits,
Particle size distribution, Electrical resistivity, Voids,
Layers, Water vapor, Air pollution control equipment,
Cements, Fly ash, Tables
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
the results from these experiments and the applicabil-
ity of an RBC to treat a hazardous waste leachate from
a Superfund site.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Sewage treatment,
Biodeterioration, Organic compounds, Vaporizing, Re-
moval, Pilot plants, Tests, Biomass, Thickness, Effec-
tiveness, Stripping(Distillation), Tables(Data), Ohio,
'Rotating disk process, Leachate, New Lyme(Ohio).
PB89-197776/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Comparative S02 Reactivity of CaO Derived from
CaCOS and Ca(OH)2. Journal article Oct 87-Mar 88.
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
B. K. Gullett, K. R. Bruce, and L. 0. Beach. cJan 89,7p
EPA/600/J-89/002
Contract EPA-68-02-4701
Pub. in AlChE Jnl., v35 n1 p37-41, Jan 89. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research
Lab.
In an effort to develop a low-cost retrofit technology for
control of sulfur dioxide (S02) emissions from coal-
fired utility plants, boiler injection of dry calcium-based
sorbents to form calcium sulfate (CaSo4) has been
widely studied. The effects of such parameters as in-
jection temperature, sorbent surface area, and S02
concentration on the reaction between the active spe-
cies, calcium oxide (CaO), and S02 are well docu-
mented. One such parameter of particular interest is
the chemical parentage of the active sorbent. In pilot-
scale studies, CaO derived from hydrated lime,
Ca(0H)2, has been found to be more reactive than
that from the respective limestone, CaC03. The paper
gives results of a comparison of experimental data on
sulfation rates of CaO particles derived from CaC03
with those derived from Ca(OH)2 using a product layer
diffusion control model differing only in the shape of
the CaO grain. Both the modef and the experimental
data indicate slightly higher reactivity for the Ca(0H)2-
derived oxide due to the observed difference in grain
shape. The effect is proposed as a contributor to the
greater performance of Ca(OH)2 in pilot scale S02 re-
moval studies.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide, "In-
dustrial wastes, 'Calcium oxides, Sorbents, Calcium
sulfates, Particle size, Performance evaluation, Experi-
mental design, Pilot plants, Reprints, 'Limestone injec-
tion, 'Hydrated lime.
PBB9-198006/HSU
PC A03/MF A01
Experimental Acidification of UttleRock Lake
(Wisconsin): Fish Research Approach and Early
Responses. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
W. A. Swenson, J. H. McCormick, T. D. Simonson, K.
M. Jensen, and J. Q. Eaton. e1989,11 p EPA/600/J-
89/023
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 18, p167-174 Jan 89. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Wisconsin Univ.-Superior. Center for Lake Su-
perior Environmental Studies, and American Scientific
International, Inc., McLean, VA.
One goal of research at Little Rock Lake, Wisconsin is
to enhance understanding of lake acidification effects
on warm- and cool-water fishery resources. The Little
Rock Lake fish assemblage is characteristic of many
acid sensitive waters in North America and is dominat-
ed by yellow perch (Percidae) and sunfishes (Centrar-
chidae). Analyses of reproduction, early survival and
growth rates in the field were designed around the dif-
fering reproductive modes of these taxa. Complemen-
tary Faboratory research on early life stages was con-
ducted to assist in isolating direct effect mechanisms
and to determine the reliability of laboratory results in
predicting field response. Preliminary findings suggest
that lake acidification to pH 5.6 has not influenced re-
productive activity of the four most abundant fish spe-
cies. However, the field results suggest that year-class
failure of rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris) may be oc-
curring due to reduced survival of eaily life stages. Re-
duced growth and food conversion efficiency of Age 0
largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) is also sug-
aested. The laboratory bioassays indicate rock bass is
the most acid-sensitive Little Rock Lake species
tested. However, rock bass fry survival was not signifi-
cantly affected until pH was reduced from 5.6 to 5.0.
(Copyright (c) 1989 Springer-Verlag.)
Keywords: 'Lakes, "Acidification, 'Fresh water fishes,
Tabies(Data), Survival, Reproduction(Biology),
Growth, Reprints, "Acid rain, 'Air pollution
effects(Animals), Aquatic ecosystems, Little Rock
Lake(Wisconsin).
PB89-198014/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Optimization of Coal Beneficiation Plants for S02
Emissions Control. Journal article Sep 80-Mar 88.
Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA.
E. S. Rubin, and J. F. Skea. C1988,11p EPA/600/J-
88/287
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v38
n10 p1281-1288 Oct 88. Prepared in cooperation with
Sussex Univ., Brighton (England). Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The article describes an optimization model for esti-
mating the properties and cost of washed coal from
coal beneficiation plants of varying levels of complex-
ity. The design and technical description of the plant
performance model are presented, together with cost
algorithms for three plant designs with increasing
sulfur removal capability. Important concepts included
in the model are the treatment of different coal size
fractions, the efficiency of coal washing equipment,
and the optimization of plant yield to achieve a target
coal quality. When employed in a larger simulation
framework, the plant model serves as a building block
for obtaining more realistic estimates of the role of coal
cleaning as a cost-effective method of sulfur emis-
sions reduction from coal combustion. (Copyright (c)
1988APCA.)
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Beneficiation,
'Coal preparation, 'Air pollution abatement, 'Sulfur di-
oxide, 'Washing, 'Cost effectiveness, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, Desulfurization, Combustion
products, Industrial wastes, Reprints, Air pollution con-
trol, Stationary sources.
PB89-198022/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Catalytic Oxidation of Groundwater Stripping
Emissions. Journal article May-Nov 87.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
M. Kosusko, M. E. Mullins, K. Ramanathan, and T. N.
Rogers. c1988,10p EPA/600/J-88/288
Pud. in Environmental Progress, v7 n2 p136-142 May
88. Prepared in cooperation with Research Triangle
Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The paper reviews the applicability of catalytic oxida-
tion to control ground-water air stripping gaseous ef-
fluents, with special attention to system designs and
case histories. The variety of contaminants and cata-
lyst poisons encountered in stripping operations are
also reviewed. Air stripping is an efficient and cost ef-
fective way to remove volatile organic contaminants
from groundwater and soil. Unfortunately, these con-
taminants are transferred to the air where they may
continue to pose environmental and health threats.
Few options are available for their control. Vapor-
phase carbon adsorption and thermal incineration are
the two treatment methods which have been applied
most often; however, both have some disadvantages.
Adsorption merely transfers the contaminant to a solid
phase which, in turn, requires disposal or regeneration.
Thermal incineration may be expensive, since It re-
quires a substantial energy input to destroy dilute gas-
phase contaminants. A new alternative is catalytic oxi-
dation. Like thermal incineration, it is an ultimate dis-
posal method but, since it operates at much lower tem-
peratures, the energy costs are also lower.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Oxidation, 'Catalysts,
*Stripping(Distillation), 'Water pollution control, 'Air
pollution control, Chlorine organic compounds, Sol-
vents, Thermodynamics, Performance evaluation,
Fuels, Incinerators, Adsorption, Chemical reactions,
Design criteria, Reprints, 'Volatile organic com-
pounds, 'Soil gases, 'Air stripping, Environmental
transport.
PB89-198030/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Use of Electron Microscopy Data in Receptor
Models for PM-10. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
T. G. Dzubay, and Y. Mamane. C1989,12p EPA/600/
J-89/071
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v23 n2 p467-476
1989. Prepared in cooperation with Technion - Israel
Inst, of Tech., Haifa.
Coarse particles (2.5 to 10 micrometers) were collect-
ed in dichotomous samplers and analyzed by scanning
electron microscopy and x-ray fluorescence. The re-
sulting data were used in a chemical mass balance re-
ceptor model, and the mass concentration of coarse
particles was apportioned into 8 components, which
included 2% coal fly ash and 25% botanical matter.
Mineral concentrations deduced by electron microsco-
py were in good agreement with soil deduced from
bulk compositional data. A comparison of results for
an incinerator component indicated possible biases in
results by both methods. (Copyright (c) 1989 Perga-
mon Press pic.)
Keywords: 'Particle size, 'Fines, 'Mathematical
models, Sites, Concentration(Composition), Fly ash.
Aerosols, Inorganic salts, Minerals, Comparison, Bio-
mass, Incineration, Air filters, Reprints, 'Air pollution
sampling, 'Scanning electron microscopy. Energy-
loss spectroscopy.
PB89-198170/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Sexual Pattern* of Monooxygenase Function In
the Uver of Marine Teleosts and the Regulation of
Activity by Estradiol. Doctoral thesis.
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MA.
E. S. Gray. c1988,158p WHOI-08-34
Grants EPA-CX81 -356701, EPA-CR81-315501
Sponsored in part by grant NSF-OCE83-10505. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Massachusetts Inst of
Tech., Cambridge. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Washington, DC., National Institutes
of Health, Bethesda, MD., and National Science Foun-
dation, Washington, DC.
Sex differences in hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-
450 and monooxygenase activities were investigated
in the marine teleosts scup (Stenotomus chryiope)
and winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes ameri-
canus). Sex differences in ethoxyresorufin O-deethy-
lase activity reflected suppressed levels of the respon-
sible isozyme, P-450E, in females. Microsomal estradi-
ol (E(2» 2-hydroxylase activity, demonstrated here for
the first time In teleosts, was sexually differentiated in
scup, and P-450-mediated although not by P-460E.
E(2)2-hydroxylase, testosterone 6(beta)-hyaroxytatsa,
and aminopyrine N-demethylase activities were sexu-
ally differentiated in winter flounder, and in both spe-
cies these activities were correlated to some extent
with isozyme P-450A levels, suggesting co-regulation
with or catalysis by P-450A. Altered microsomal mon-
ooxygenases in gonadally mature females accounted
for several sex differences in metabolism, implying
monooxygenase regulation by E(2). In immature winter
flounder, E(2) injections shitted some microsomal ac-
tivities and enzyme levels toward female-type pat-
terns. This suggested that E(2) can regulate monooxy-
genase activities in winter flounder, ana that additional
factors regulate individual cytochrome P-450 Isozymes
in adult females.
Keywords: 'Liver, 'Marinefishes, 'Estradiol, "Metabo-
lism, Steroids, Biochemistry, Theses, "Cytochrome P-
450, Xenoblotlcs, Enzyme activation. Sex factors, Oxy-
genases, Pseudopleuronectes amertcanus, Stenoto-
mus chrysops.
PBS9-198204/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
National Science Foundation, Washington, DC.
Molecular Regulation of the Induction of Cytoch-
rome P-460E In the Estuartne FMi 'Funduiua he-
terociitus'. Doctoral thesis.
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MA.
P. J. Kloepper-Sams. cFeb 89,226p WHOIO-89-1
Grants NSF-OCE83-10505, PHS-ES-4220
Sponsored in part by grants EPA-R-813155 and EPA-
X-813567. Prepared in cooperation with Maasachu-
setts Inst, of Tech., Cambridge. Sponsored by National
Science Foundation, Washington, DC., Public Health
Service, Washington, DC., and Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC.
Regulation of induction of P450IA1 (P-450E) in te-
leosts was examined by investigating temporal rela-
tionships between P-450E protein, activity, and mRNA
levels, and measuring protein and heme turnover in
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
the teleost Fundulus heteroclitus. Monoclonal anti-
bodies used for P-450E protein detection were specific
in immunoblots for purified scup (Stenotomus chry-
sops) P-450E, a single band corresponding to P-4S0E
in scup microsomar mixtures, and the xenobiotic-in-
ducible orthologue in other fish including Fundulus. P-
450E mRNA was measured by translation of total
RNA, precipitation with anti-P-450E polyclonal anti-
bodies and autoradiography, or by hybridization of
RNA with a trout P450IA1 cDNA. P-450E and ethoxyr-
esorufin O-deethylase activity rose coordinately after
treatment with Beta-naphthoflavone, lagging behind
mRNA increases by about 25 hours. mRNA levels de-
clined rapidly, despite prolonged elevated protein and
activity levels. In a dual label experiment, P-450E was
precipitated from solubilized microsomes. The apopro-
tein was calculated to have a half-life of 32 to 43 hours,
the heme moiety a longer half-life of 104 hours. These
results support a hypothesis that transcriptional en-
hancement is involved in initial stages of P-450E in-
duction, while other forms of control are important in
maintenance of P-450E expression. The study ad-
dressed a specific chemico-biological interaction - the
organism's biochemical response to a challenge by
foreign compounds - which occurs in the marine envi-
ronment. (Copyright (c) Pamela J. Kloepper-Sams,
1989.)
Keywords: 'Estuaries, 'Fishes, Regulation, Anti-
bodies, Theses, Ribonucleic acid, 'Cytochrome P-450,
'Enzyme induction, 'Fundulus heteroclitus, Xenobiotic
metabolism.
PB69-198246/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Direct/Delayed Response Project: Definition of
Soil Sampling Classes and Selection of Sampling
Sites for the Northeast.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. J. Lee, D. R. Marmorek, K. W. Thornton, D. L.
Stevens, and D. A. Lammers. Apr 89,107p EPA/600/
3-89/041
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental and
Social Systems Analysts Ltd., Vancouver (British Co-
lumbia), FTN Associates, Little Rock, AR., Eastern
Oregon State Coll., La Grande, and Pacific Northwest
Forest and Range Experiment Station, Corvallis, OR.
Forestry Sciences Lab.
The Direct/Delayed Response Protect (DDRP) has
been designed and implemented to estimate the
number of lakes and streams that might become acidic
in three regions due to current or altered levels of
acidic deposition. As part of DDRP, 145 watersheds in
the northeast US were mapped at 1:24,000 for soils,
vegetation, depth to bedrock, and bedrock geology.
About 600 soils were identified during mapping. These
were grouped into 38 soil sampling classes, bach of
these was sampled about 8 times across the region, so
that regional means and standard deviations of soil
properties could be computed for each class. The re-
gional soil data will be used with the soil maps to esti-
mate soil properties for each watershed. The water-
shed estimates will be used in the array of DDRP
models to estimate future effects of acidic deposition
on lakes in the northeast. The sampling classes were
developed at a workshop held In Corvallis, Oregon July
16-18, 1985. The report documents the process and
decisions of the workshop.
Keywords: 'Soil analyses, 'Site surveys, 'Surface
waters, 'Acidity, 'Watersheds, 'Meetings, Sampling,
Stratification, Quality assurance, Quality control, Water
pollution, Regional analysis, Soil properties. Mapping,
'Direct/Delayed Response Project, 'Northeast
Regk>n(United States), Land pollution.
PM9-1M2B3/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Evaluation and Sensitivity Analyses Results of the
MESOPUFF II Model with CAPTEX (Cross-Appa-
lachian Tracer Experiment) Measurements. Final
rept. Jun 86-Dec 88.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
J. M. Goodwltch. Jun 89,110p EPA/600/3-89/056
The MESOPUFF II regional Lagranglan puff model has
been evaluated and tested against measurements
from the Cross-Appalachian Tracer Experiment
(CAPTEX) data base In an effort to assess its ability to
simulate vie transport and dispersion of a nonreactlve,
nondepositing tracer plume out to distances of over
1000 km. The model applied a mixed-layer averaged
wind field to simulate boundary layer transport and
Gaussian dispersion parameters to govern puff
growth. The model overpredicted peak and mean con-
centrations; modeled mean values were within a factor
of two of observed values in four experiments. Graphi-
cal maps confirmed that the scatter among concentra-
tion pairs was primarily due to notable spatial displace-
ments between observed and modeled tracer plumes.
Analysis of plume centroid positions was employed to
give quantitative information about the difference in
downwind distances and separation between the ob-
served and modeled plume patterns versus time. Diag-
nostic test run results, where optional single level wind
fields and optional dispersion methods were exer-
cised, are also compared to default model run results
and to observed values. Sensitivity test runs focused
on variations in the dry deposition and chemical trans-
formation parameters for SOx.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Air pollution,
'Plumes, Dispersing, Boundery layers, Comparison,
Field tests, Performance evaluation, Atmospheric dif-
fusion, Chemical reactions, Wind(Meteorology), Sulfur
oxides, Concentration(Composition), 'MESOPUFF II
model, Cross Appalachian Tracer Experiment, Dry
methods, Wet methods, Environmental transport,
Tracer studies.
PB89-198261/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Interim Protocol for Testing the Effects of Micro-
bial Pathogens on the Honey Bee, 'Apis melllfera'
L (Hymenoptera: Apidae).
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Entomology.
M. Burnett. Jun 89,19p EPA/600/3-89/053
Grant EPA-B-0093NATA
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Registration of Microbial Pest Control Agents (MPCAs)
under Subsection M of the EPA Pesticide Assessment
Guidelines requires that the susceptibility of nontarget
species be tested. Honey bees as supplemental polli-
nators of many entomophilous crop species and as
producers of honey and wax, are considered a premier
beneficial species on a cosmopolitan scale. The docu-
ment outlines proposed methods of testing the sus-
ceptibility of honey bees to MPCAs. These methods
will have to be adapted to specific microbial agents,
depending upon the known mode of action, proposed
stadium of the nontarget species (adult or immature
stages) and the potential mode of environmental en-
counter. Precise correlations in dosage relationships
between laboratory and field pathogenicity would be
rare. Therefore, interpretation of test results in predict-
ing the effects of the MPCAs under field conditions re-
quires caution. The ultimate evaluation of honey bee
susceptibility to MPCAs depends on the effect on
colony health and productivity.
Keywords: 'Bees, 'Pest control, 'Pesticides,
*Tolerance8(Physk>logy), Microorganisms, Field tests,
Dosage, Pathology, Bacteria, Guidelines, Protozoa,
Larvae, Evaluation, 'Apis mellifera, Honey bees.
PBSS-198279/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Method for Conducting Laboratory Toxicity Deg-
radation Evaluations of Complex Effluents.
Battelle Columbus Div., OH.
G. M. DeGraeve, W. H. Clement, and M. F. Arthur. Jun
89,28p EPA/600/3-89/052
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth,
A method is described to measure the persistence of
effluent toxicity. Fate pathways of photolysis, volatili-
zation, Qxidatlon, sorption, and microbial degradation
are included. The method Is intended to use without
identifying the toxicants and is suitable for acute and
chronic toxicity.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Effluents, Oxidation, Sorption,
Photolysis, 'Biodegradatton, Microbial degradation.
PB69-1982S7/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Quality Assurance Procedure*: Method 28 Certifi-
cation and Auditing of Wood Heaters.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
T. E. Ward, G. D. Rives, M. W. Hartman, and R. C. Olin.
Jun 89,169p* EPA/600/3-89/049
Contract EPA-68-02-4119
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
Quality assurance procedures are contained in this
comprehensive document intended to be used as an
aid for wood heater manufacturers and testing labora-
tories in performing particulate matter sampling of
wood heaters according to EPA protocol, Method 28.
These procedures may be used in research and devel-
opment, and as an aid in auditing and certification test-
ing. A detailed, step-by-step quality assurance guide is
provided to aid in the procurement and assembly of
testing apparatus, to clearly describe the procedures,
and to facilitate data collection and reporting. Suggest-
ed data sheets are supplied that can be used as an aid
for both recordkeeping and certification applications.
Throughout the document, activity matrices are provid-
ed to serve as a summary reference. Checklists are
also supplied that can be used by testing personnel.
Finally, for the purposes of ensuring data quality, pro-
cedures are outlined for apparatus operation, mainte-
nance, and auditing. These procedures combined with
the detailed descnption of the sampling and analysis
Krotocol will help ensure the accuracy and reliability of
lethod 28 emission testing results.
Keywords: 'Quality assurance, 'Heating equipment,
'Auditing, 'Combustion products, 'Particles, Perform-
ance	evaluation,	Calibrating,
Concentration(Composition), Forms(Paper), Tempera-
ture measurement, Installing, Standards, Design crite-
ria, Regulations, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Wood burn-
ing furnaces.
PB89-198295/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Standard Practice for Conducting Fungal Patho-
genicity Tests on the Predatory Mite 'Metaseiulus
occldentalls' (Acari: Phytoseiidae).
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
B. Lighthart, and D. K. Sewall. Jun 89,27p EPA/600/
3-89/046	. _
Prepared in cooperation with Oregon State Univ., Cor-
vallis. Dept. of Entomology.
The laboratory bioassay is designed to evaluate poten-
tial pathogenicity of a fungal agent on a standard pred-
atory mite, Metaseiulis occidentalis (Nesbitt). under
conditions intended to maximize the virulence of the
fungus and the susceptibility of the predatory mites.
The practice describes procedures to evaluate the
lethal effects of fungal agents to adult female predato-
ry mites, M. occidentalis, via direct exposure. Results
measure the pathogenicity of a fungus to the predatory
mites under controlled conditions.
Keywords: 'Mites, 'Biocides, Bioassay, Fungi, Pesti-
cides, In vivo analysis, 'Biotogical insect control, Infec-
tivity, Metaseiulis occidentalis, Beauveria bassiana.
PB89-198303/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trianale
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Quality Assurance Procedures: Method 5Q Deter-
mination of Particulate Emissions from Wood
Heaters from a Dilution Tunnel Sampling Loca-
tion.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
T. E. Ward, M. W. Hartman, R. C. Olin, and G. D. Rives.
Jun 89,200p* EPA/600/3-89/050
Contract EPA-68-02-4119
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
Quality assurance procedures are contained in this
comprehensive document intended to be used as an
aid for wood heater manufacturers and testing labora-
tories in performing particulate matter sampling of
wood heaters according to EPA protocol, Method 5G.
These procedures maybe used in research and devel-
opment, and as an aid in auditing and certification test-
ing. A detailed, step-by-step quality assurance guide is
provided to aid in the procurement and assembly of
testing apparatus, to clearly describe the procedures,
and to facilitate data collection and reporting. Suggest-
ed data sheets are supplied that can be used as an aid
for both recordkeeping and certification applications.
Throughout the document, activity matrices are provid-
ed to serve as a summary reference. Checklists are
also supplied that can be used by testing personnel.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Finally, for the purposes of ensuring data quality, pro-
cedures are outlined for apparatus operation, mainte-
nance, and traceability. These procedures combined
with the detailed description of the sampling and anal-
ysis protocol will help ensure the accuracy and reliabil-
ity of Method 5G emission testing results.
Keywords: 'Quality assurance, "Particles, "Combus-
tion products, "Heating equipment, Performance eval-
uation, Concentration(Composition), Calibrating, Nu-
merical analysis, Design criteria, Forms(Paper),
Tables(Data), "Air pollution sampling, "Wood burning
furnaces, "Dilution tunnels, "EPA method 5G, EPA
method 28.
PB89-198790/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Test Report for the Trial Burn of Dinoaeb In a
Pilot-Scale Incinerator. Final rept.
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Environmental Sys-
tems Div.
D. Oberacker, M. Wool, F. Villa, and H. Mason. Jun 89,
23p EPA/600/2-89/002
Contract EPA-68-03-3241
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
determined that the herbicide Dinoseb represents a
significant human health hazard. EPA estimates that
there are approximately 5 million gallons affected by
this action. As part of a program by the EPA Office of
Research and Development (ORD) to determine which
technically viable disposal option is appropriate, pilot-
scale test burns were made of a mixture of Dinoseb
products at the John Zink Company Research Inciner-
ation Facility in Tulsa, Oklahoma. The mixture repre-
sented the various Dinoseb products to be destroyed.
The rationale for doing the pilot-scale test was that
specific performance data were needed to address,
with confidence, any public or permitting questions
that may arise in authorizing a full-scale incineration
disposal operation. The test burns were successfully
performed between February 18 and February 26,
1988. The report gives an overall summary of the test
program.
Keywords: "Incinerators, "Herbicides, "Air pollution
control, Hazardous materials, "Combustion products,
Pilot plants, Performance evaluation, Tables(Data),
Public health, Nitrogen oxides, Particles, Design crite-
ria, Sampling, "Dinoseb.
PB89-198808/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Removal of DBCP (1,2-Dlbromo-3-chloropropane)
from Groundwater. Volume 1. POE/POU (Point of
Entry/Point of Use) Treatment Devieee: Institu-
tional and Jurisdictional Factor*.
California State Univ., Fresno.
K. E. Longley, G. P. Hanna, and B. H. Gump. Jun 89,
61p EPA/600/2-89/029
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The results obtained from evaluating ten GAC POE
(point-of-entry) devices show that while these GAC
units generally function very satisfactorily, their per-
formance can change markedly over short periods of
time. These units require conscientious, periodic moni-
toring. The monitoring of the operation of the POE
(and POU) units appears to be a significant shortcom-
ing in the application of tills technology. During the
course of the study, operation and maintenance prob-
lems were encountered with three of the ten units
monitored. Several institutional models exist and are
described for achieving the desired degree of supervi-
sion and control over individual or small private water
systems.
Keywords: "Chloropropanes, "Water pollution control,
"Activated carbon treatment, Performance evaluation,
Residential buildings, Businesses, Monitoring, Oper-
ations, Maintenance, Ground water, Filtration, Regula-
tions, Claims, State government, "Water treatment de-
vices, Point of entry, Institutional framework, Small
systems.
PB89-198816/HSU	PC A25/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Flexible Regional Emissions Data System (FREDS)
Documentation for the 1985 NAPAP (National
Acid Precipitation Assessment Program) Emis-
sions Inventory. Final rept.
Alliance Technologies Corp., Bedford, MA.
L. G. Modica, D. R. Dulleba, R. A. Walters, and J. E.
Langstaff. May 89,577p TRC-A87-342, EPA/600/9-
89/047
Contract EPA-68-02-4274
See also PB8B-129499.Portions of this document are
not fully legible. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report documents the Flexible Regional Emissions
Data System (FREDS) for the 1985 NAPAP Emissions
Inventory. FREDS extracts emissions data, modeling
parameters (e.g., stack height, exhaust gas tempera-
ture), and source identification information from point/
area source NEDS data, and applies temporal, spatial,
and pollutant species allocation factors to derive a
gridded, speciated, and temporally resolved emissions
tile for input to regional scale atmospheric simulation
models (e.g., the Regional Acid Deposition Model and
Regional Oxidant Model). FREDS consists of seven
modules that reformat the data, apply allocation fac-
tors to the annual emissions data, and ensure the qual-
ity of FREDS output. In addition to FREDS, peripheral
software is used to maintain the allocation factor files.
Separate programs are used to process point/area
sources. The seven modules are the Hydrocarbon Pre-
processor, the Quality Control Module, the Model Data
Extraction Module, the Temporal Allocation Module,
the Speciation Module, the Spatial Allocation Module,
and the Model Input Preprocessor. Many of the mod-
ules can be implemented in a logical sequence or inde-
pendently of the others in most cases. For maximum
flexibility, FREDS allows the user to define and assign
emissions of up to 15 pollutants prior to speciation, the
temporal scenario, and other variables.
Keywords: "Exhaust gases, "Air pollution, "Flue
gases, Industrial wastes, Data processing, Documen-
tation, Inventories, Regions, Mathematical models,
Sources, Deposition, Computer systems programs,
"Air pollution control, Acid precipitation, FREDS
system.
PBB9-198931/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
National Science Foundation, Washington, DC.
Great Lakes Watsr Levels: Shoreline Dilemmas.
Report on a Colloquium Sponsored by th« Water
Science and Technology Board, March 17-18,
1988. Colloquium 4.
National Research Council, Washington, DC. Commis-
sion on Engineering and Technical Systems.
1980,170p
Grant NSF-CES87-11858, Contract DE-FG01-
83ER60161
See also PB87-157467. Sponsored in part by Grants
DI-14-08-0001-A-0562 and EPA-X-813619-01. Spon-
sored by National Science Foundation, Washington,
DC., Department of Energy, Washington, DC., Geolog-
ical Survey, Reston, VA., and Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC.
The report addressed hydrometeorological, engineer-
ing, and land management and policy issues related to
fluctuations in Great Lakes water levels. The Board felt
that this topic was of importance as the possibilities of
a rising sea level and the impacts of climate change on
hydrology are considered. Six formal papers were pre-
sented by recognized experts concerning aspects of
lake level fluctuations, shoreline impacts of water level
changes, alternative solution strategies, policy con-
flicts in existing laws, multl-jurisdictional issues, and
the role of the private,sector. Additionally, panel dis-
cussions focused on climate change and state coastal
erosion management programs. The report has three
major sections: an overview prepared by the chairman
of the colloquium, issue papers by the individual au-
thors, and panel discussion papers.
Keywords: 'Climatic changes, "Hyrology, "Great
Lakes, "Meetings, Sea level, Variations, Shores, Soil
erosion, Coasts, Environmental impacts, Land use,
Policies, Conflict, Law(Jurisprudence), "Water levels.
PB89-199004/HSU
see individual diskette for order number and
price
Toxic Release Inventory (TRI), United States and
Territories (dBASE III) (for Microcomputers). Data
file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
F. Zaiss, and G. Nowak. 1987,55 diskettesic Release
Inventory (TRI), United States
Set includes PB89-199012 through PB89-199533.
The data file is contained on 5 1 /4 inch diskettes, high
density (1.2M). compatible with the IBM PC/AT micro-
computer. The diskettes are in the dBASE III format
Price includes documentation, PB89-186076.
Section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Communi-
ty Right-to-Know Act (also known as Title III) of the Su-
perfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1988
(Public Law 99-499) requires EPA to establish an in-
ventory of routine toxic chemical emissions from cer-
tain facilities. The list of toxic chemicals sub|ect to re-
porting consisted initially of chemicals listed for similar
reporting purposes by the States of New Jersey and
Maryland. There are over 300 chemicals and catego-
ries on these lists. The reporting requirement applies
to owners and operators of facilities that have 10 or
more full-time employees, that are in Standard Indus-
trial Classification (SIC) codes 20 through 39 (i.e.,
manufacturing facilities) and that manufacture (includ-
ing importing), process or otherwise use a listed toxic
chemical in excess of specified threshold quantities.
Toxic Release Inventory (TRI), United States and
Territories (dBASE III). 1987,55 diskettes.
PR AO. 1QQTMIA/UQIJ
Alaska. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-199Q12/
HSU
Alabama. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 P889-
199020/HSU
American Samoa. 1987,1 diskette CP D01
199038/HSU
Arkansas. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199046/HSU
Arizona. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-199053/
HSU
California. 1987,2 diskettes CP D02 PB89-
199061/HSU
Colorado. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199079/HSU
Connecticut. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199087/HSU
Delaware. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199095/HSU
Florida. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-199103/
HSU
Georgia. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PBS&-1M111/
HSU
Hawaii. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PBS 9-199129/
HSU
Iowa. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PBB9-199137/
HSU
Idaho. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 P889-199145/
HSU
Illinois. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-199162/
HSU
Indiana. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-199180/
HSU
Kansas. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-199178/
HSU
Kentucky. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199100/HSU
Louisiana. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PM»-
199194/HSU
Massachusetts. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PBS9-
199202/HSU
Maine. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-199210/
HSU
Michigan. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
1M228/HSU
Minnesota. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199236/HSU
Missouri. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-199244/
HSU
Mississippi. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB88-
199251/HSU
Montana. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199269/HSU
Maryland. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PBM-
199277/HSU
North Carolina. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199286/HSU
North Dakota. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 KlA.
199293/H8U
Nebraska. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PBS9-
199301/H8U
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
New Hampshire. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199319/HSU
New Jersey. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
190327/HSU
New Mexico. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199335/HSU
Nevada. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-199343/
HSU
New York. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199350/HSU
Ohio. 1987,2 diskettes CP D02 PB89-199368/
HSU
Oklahoma. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199376/HSU
Oregon. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-199384/
HSU
Pennsylvania. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199392/HSU
Puerto Rico. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199400/HSU
Rhode Island. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199418/HSU
South Carolina. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199426/HSU
South Dakota. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
1S9434/HSU
Tennessee. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199442/HSU
Texas. 1987,2 diskettes CP D02 PB89-199459/
HSU
Utah. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-199467/
HSU
Virginia 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-199475/
HSU
Virgin Islands. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199483/HSU
Vermont. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199491/HSU
Washington. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199609/HSU
Wisconsin. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199517/HSU
West Virginia. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
1M625/HSU
Wyoming. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199S33/HSU
PB89-199641/HSU
see individual diskette for order number and
price
Toxic Release Inventory (TRI), United States and
Territories (LOTUS 1-2-3) (for Microcomputers).
Data file,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
F. Zaiss, and G. Nowak. 1987,57 disketteslc Release
Inventory (TRI), United States
Set includes PB89-199558 through PB89-200075.
The data file Is contained on 5 1 /4-inch diskettes, high
density (1.2M), compatible with the IBM PC/AT micro-
computer. Diskettes are in the LOTUS 1-2-3 format,
price includes documentation, PB89-186076.
Section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Communi-
ty Right-to-Know Act (also known as Title III) of the Su-
perfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986
(Public Law 99-499) requires EPA to establish an In-
ventory of routine toxic chemical emissions from cer-
tain facilities. The list of toxic chemicals sub|ect to re-
porting consisted initially of chemicals listed for similar
reporting purposes by the States of New Jersey and
Maryland. There are over 300 chemicals and catego-
ries on these lists. The reporting requirement applies
to owners and operators of facTlties that have 10 or
more full-time employees, that are in Standard Indus-
trial Classification (SIC) codes 20 through 39 (i.e.,
manufacturing facilities) and that manufacture (includ-
ing importing), process or otherwise use a listed toxic
chemical in excess of specified threshold quantities.
Other individual documents are also available.
Toxic Release Inventory (TRI), United States and
Territories (LOTUS 1-2-3). 1987,57 diskettes.
PBS9-199541/HSU
Alabama. 1987,1 diskette CP 001 PB69*
199SM/HSU
Alaska. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PBS9-19MM/
H8U
Arkansas. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199674/HSU
American Samoa. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB«»-
1M6S2/H8U
Arizona. 1987,1 diskette CP 001 PB89-199690/
H8U
California. 1987,2 diskettes CP D02 PB89-
199608/HSU
Colorado. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199616/HSU
Connecticut. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199624/HSU
Delaware. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199632/HSU
Florida. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-199640/
HSU
Georgia. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-199657/
HSU
Hawaii. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-199665/
HSU
Iowa. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-199673/
HSU
Idaho. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-199681/
HSU
Illinois. 1987,2 diskettes CP D02 PB89-199699/
HSU
Indiana. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-199707/
HSU
Kansas. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-199715/
HSU
Kentucky. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199723/HSU
Louisiana. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199731/HSU
Massachusetts. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199749/HSU
Maryland. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199756/HSU
Maine. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-199764/
HSU
Michigan. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199772/HSU
Minnesota. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199780/HSU
Missouri. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-189798/
HSU
Mississippi. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199806/HSU
Montana. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199814/HSU
North Carolina. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199822/HSU
North Dakota. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
1M830/HSU
Nebraska. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199848/HSU
New Hampshire. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
19985S/HSU
New Jersey. 1987,1 diskette CP 001 PB89-
199863/HSU
New Mexico. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199871 /HSU
Nevada. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-199889/
HSU
New York. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199897/HSU
Ohio. 1987,2 diskettes CP D02 PB89-199905/
HSU
Oklahoma. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
10M13/H8U
Oregon. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-199921/
HSU
Pennsylvania. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199939/HSU
Puerto Rico. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199947/HSU
Rhode Island. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199954/HSU
South Carolina. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199962/HSU
South Dakota. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
199970/HSU
Tennessee. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PBS 9-
199988/HSU
Texas. 1987,2 diskettes CP D02 PB89-199996/
HSU
Utah. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-200000/
HSU
Virginia. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-200018/
HSU
Virgin Islands. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
200026/HSU
Vermont 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
200034/HSU
Washington. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
200042/HSU
Wisconsin. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
200069/HSU
Wast Virginia. 1987,1 diskette CP 001
200067/HSU
Wyoming. 1987,1 diskette CP D01 PB89-
200075/HSU
PB89-200240/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Contamina-
tion in Puget Sound Seafood. Final rept. 1985-88.
TetraTech, Inc., Bellevue, WA.
L. Williams. Sep 88,375p TETRAT-TC-3338-28, EPA/
910/9-88/249
Contract EPA-68-02-4341
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seat-
tle, WA. Region X.
The report provides resource management and health
agencies with a general indication of the magnitude of
potential human health risks associated with con-
sumption of recreationally harvested seafoods from
Puget Sound. Data collection and evaluation focused
on a variety of metal and organic contaminants in fish,
shellfish and edible seaweeds from 22 locations in the
Sound. EPA risk assessment techniques were used to
characterize risks to average and high consumer
groups for both carcinogens and noncarcinogens.
Theoretical risks associated with consumption of both
average and high quantities of Puget Sound seafood
appear to be comparable to or substantially less than
those for fish and shellfish from other locations in the
United States.
Keywords: 'Public health, 'Food contamination, 'Sea-
food, 'Puget Sound, Risk, Carcinogens, Toxicology,
Hazards, Consumers, Dosage, Biphenyl, Chlorine or-
Sanic compounds, DDT, Exposure, Fishes, Shellfish,
letals, Arsenic, Washington(State), Chemicals, Sport
fishing.
PB89-200281/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Proceedings of the National Workshop on Biolog-
ical Criteria (1st). Held in Uncolnwood, Illinois on
December 2-4,1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL Region
V.
T. P. Simon, L. L. Hoist, and L. J. Shepard. Dec 88,
143p EPA/905/9-89/003
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The proceedings contains reports from several State
agencies in the process of adopting instream biologi-
cal criteria for fish or benthic macroinvertebrates into
their State standards and water quality program. The
report contains the technical presentations not includ-
ed in the Workshop Report which was distributed by
the Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Keywords: 'Proceedings, 'Fishes, 'Populations,
'Benthos, Standards, Water quality, State govern-
ment, Benthic macroinvertebrates.
PB89-200299/HSU	PC A99/MF EOS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act)
Facility Investigation (RFI) Guidance. Volumes 1
through 4. Interim rept. (Final).
NUSCorp., Bedford, MA.
May 89,1221 p EPA/530/SW-89/031,, OSWER
DIRECTIVE-9502.00-6D
Contracts EPA-88-01-7310, EPA-68-01-6871
Prepared in cooperation with Alliance Technologies
Corp., Bedford, MA., and Labat-Anderson, Inc., Arling-
ton, VA. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The documents provide the owner or operator with
guidance on conducting a RCRA Facility Investigation.
Based on release determinations made by the regula-
tory agency (generally resulting from the RFA), the
owner or operator of a facility will be notified, through
an enforcement order or permit conditions, of those
unit(s) and releases (known or suspected) which must
be further investigated. The guidance is divided into 15
sections presented in four volumes. Vol. I presents
recommended procedures to follow in developing a
work plan for conducting the investigation. Volumes II
and III describe specific methods for characterizing the
nature, extent, and rate of contaminant release to soil,
ground water, subsurface gas, air and surface water.
Volume IV presents a number of case studies selected
to illustrate concepts and procedures presented in Vol-
umes I, II, and III.
Keywords: 'Guidelines, 'Hazardous materials, 'Envi-
ronmental surveys, Law enforcement. Licenses, Man-
agement planning, Soils, Ground water, Public health.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Regulations, Data processing, Sampling, Surface
water, Air pollution, Water pollution, Quality assurance,
Quality control, "Resource Conservation and Recov-
ery Act, 'Solid waste management, Occupational
safety and health, Environmental transport, Path of
pollutants, Case studies.
PB89-200398/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Sediment Quality Values Refinement Volume 1.
1988 Update ana Evaluation of Puget Sound AET
(Apparent Effects Threshold). Final rept.
PTI Environmental Services, Bellevue, WA.
R. Barrick, S. Becker, L. Brown, H. Seller, and R.
Pastorok. Sep 88,177p EPA/910/9-88/246A
Contract EPA-68-01-4341
See also PB89-200406. Prepared in cooperation with
Tetra Tech, Inc., Bellevue, WA. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA. Region X.
The report contains a detailed evaluation of the Appar-
ent Effects Threshold (AET) approach. The AET ap-
proach can be used to develop chemical specific sedi-
ment quality values. As part of the effort, AET values
were generated for Puget Sound, Washington, and ap-
plied in a predictive manner to approximately 300 sta-
tions. The objective of the investigation was to test the
reliability of AET, and potential sediment quality stand-
ards based on AET, in predicting adverse biological ef-
fects associated with sediment contamination. Of the
201 benthic infauna stations and 287 amphipod bioas-
say stations evaluated, approximately 75% were in ac-
cordance with AET predictions. Approximately 96% of
the 50 stations at which oyster larvae and microtox
bioassays performed were in accordance with AET
predictlos. Based on AET for the four biological indica-
tors, Puget Sound maps were produced snowing the
location of predicted impacts in the estuary. The effort
involved the generation and evaluation of AET for 58
metal and organic chemicals.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Marine biology, "Water pollu-
tion, 'Puget Sound Estuary, Standards, Tests, Oys-
ters, Bioassay, Environmental impacts, Crustacae,
Maps, Metals, Sites, Washington(State), Chemicals,
Water pollution effects(Animals), Bioindicators.
PB89-200406/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Sediment Quality Values Refinement. Volume 1.
Data Appendices. 1988 Update and Evaluation of
Puget Sound AET (Apparent Effects Threshold).
Final rept.
PTI Environmental Services, Bellevue, WA.
R. Barrick, S. Becker, L. Brown, H. Seller, and R.
Pastorok. Sep 88,296p EPA/910/9-88/246B
Contract EPA-68-01-4341
See also PB89-200398. Prepared in cooperation with
Tetra Tech, Inc., Bellevue, WA. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA. Region X.
The report contains a detailed evaluation of the Appar-
ent Effects Threshold (AET) approach. The AET ap-
proach can be used to develop chemical specific sedi-
ment quality values. As part of the effort, AET values
were generated for Puget Sound, Washington, and ap-
plied In a predictive manner to approximately 300 sta-
tions. The objective of the investigation was to test the
reliability of AET, and potential sediment quality stand-
ards based on AET, in predicting adverse biological ef-
fects associated with sediment contamination. Of the
201 benthic infauna stations and 287 amphipod bioas-
say stations evaluated, approximately 75% were in ac-
cordance with AET predictions.
Keywords: "Sediments, "Marine biology, "Water pollu-
tion, "Puget Sound Estuary, Standards, Oysters, Crus-
tacae, Bioassay, Environmental impacts, Metals,
Tables(Data), Sites, Washington(State), Chemicals,
Water pollution effects(Animals), Bioindicators.
PB89-200760/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Ocean Outfalls. 1. Submerged Wastefleld Forma-
tion. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
P. J. W. Roberts, W. H. Snyder, and D. J. Baumgartner.
cMar 88,27p EPA/600/J-89/073
Pub. in Jnl. of Hydraulic Engineering, V115 n1 pl-25
Jan 89. See also PB89-200778. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Georgia Inst, of Tech., Atlanta. Dept. of Civil
Engineering.
The findings from experiments to study the dilution and
formation of wastefields resulting from discharge into a
linearly density-stratified steady current of arbitrary
speed and direction are presented in three papers. Ex-
periments were conducted using a model multi-port
diffuser for a range of parameters typical of ocean
waste outfalls. In the paper, results are given from
which the established wastefield characteristics for
'line plume' source conditions can be predicted. In
general, the wastefield rise height and thickness de-
crease as the current speed increases. Dilution in-
creases with current speed for all current directions,
with diffusers perpendicular to the current resulting in
higher dilutions than when parallel. Effluent concentra-
tion profiles for perpendicular currents show little hori-
zontal structure as the individual plumes rapidly merge.
The results for dilution show no dependency on port
spacing or source momentum flux over the parameter
range tested, and the dominant source parameter is
the buoyancy flux per unit length. The results confirm
the value of the 'line plume' approximation for predict-
ing dilutions for deepwater ocean outfalls over a fairly
wide parameter range. (Copyright (c) ASCE, 1989.)
Keywords: "Ocean currents, "Water flow, 'Outfall
sewers, Water pollution, Concentration(Composition),
Deep water, Dilution, Reprints, 'Municipal wastes,
'Ocean waste disposal.
PB89-200778/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Ocean Outfalls. 2. Spatial Evolution of Submerged
Wastefleld. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
P. J. W. Roberts, W. H. Snyder, and D. J. Baumgartner.
cMar 88,26p EPA/600/J-89/074
Pub. in Jnl. of Hydraulic Engineering, v115 nl p26-48
Jan 89. See also PB89-200760 and PB89-200786.
Prepared in cooperation with Georgia Inst, of Tech.,
Atlanta. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
Some basic features of submerged wastefield forma-
tion due to ocean outfalls are reported. Dilution was
found to increase with distance from the diffuser until it
reaches a maximum value after which it remains con-
stant. The zone of increasing dilution is the initial
mixing region whose length is predicted for strong per-
pendicular currents by interpreting it as the distance at
which the buoyancy-induced turbulence collapses. An
expression for lateral spreading in parallel currents is
derived which is found to be of the same form as for
unstratified currents, except that the rate of spreading
in stratified currents is much slower. An expression for
the rate of spreading in perpendicular currents is de-
rived by assuming results from mixed-region collapse
can be applied. An applications example shows that
the initial mixing region can extend for several hundred
meters downstream from the discharge. Because of
gravitational spreading, a line diffuser will produce a
wastefield width comparable to the diffuser length for
most oceanic conditions, suggesting that Y or similarly
complex diffuser configurations are not necessary to
produce a widely dispersed wastefield. (Copyright (c)
ASCE, 1989.)
Keywords: 'Ocean currents, "Water flow, "Spatial dis-
tribution, "Outfall sewers, Dilution, Mixing, Transport
properties, Gravity drainage, Diffusers, Reprints, "Mu-
nicipal wastes, 'Ocean waste disposal.
PB88-200786/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Ocean Outfalls. 3. Effect of Diffuser Design on
Submerged Wastefleld. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
P. J. W. Roberts, W. H. Snyder, and D. J. Baumgartner.
cMar 88,24p EPA/600/J-89/075
Pub. in Jnl. of Hydraulic Engineering, v115 n1 p49-70
Jan 89. See also PB89-200760. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Georgia Inst, of Tech., Atlanta. Dept. ot Civil
Engineering.
The effects of port spacing and jet momentum flux on
the characteristics of submerged wastefields pro-
duced by multi-port ocean outfalls in linearly stratified
currents were investigated experimentally. Within the
parameter range studied the primary effect of these
variables is on the rise height and thickness of the
wastefield, and dilution is closely approximated by line
plume results. Point plume results did not reliably pre-
dict properties in flowing currents due to rapid plume
merging. Increased momentum flux causes a reduc-
tion in rise height at low current speeds while leaving
the total entrainment path, and hence dilution, fairly
constant, but exerts little influence at higher currant
speeds. Results are presented in graphical and tabular
form from which rise heights and thicknesses can be
estimated for outfalls which do not approximate line
plumes, and an example ot the procedure is given.
(Copyright (c) ASCE, 1989.)
Keywords: 'Diffusers, "Water flow, "Outfall sewers,
Plumes, Experimental design, Design criteria,
Tabtes(Data), Mixing, Water pollution, Graphs(Charts),
Dilution, "Municipal wastes, "Ocean waste disposal.
PB89-200810/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Bench-Scale Studies to Identify Process Param-
eters Controlling Reburning with Pulverized Coal.
Final rept. Jan 80-Dec 83,
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
D. W. Pershing, M. P. Heap, and W. R. Seeker. May 89,
182p EPA/600/7-89/005
Contract EPA-68-02-3633
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report addresses the evaluation of a technology
which is a combination of two technologies used to
control the atmospheric emission of NOx by stationary
sources: combustion modification, which controls
flame temperature and maximizes fuel-rich residence
time to minimize NOx formation and flue gas cleaning,
which uses a reducing agent with or without a catalyst
to remove NOx from combustion products. The com-
bined technology uses fuel as a reducing agent to
remove NOx. The process, referred to as in-nirnace
NOx reduction, reburning, and staged fuel injection,
can be applied to many types of combustion systems.
In fact, reburning is the process which allows the *in-
furnace NOx reduction' to take place. Reburning in-
volves two processes: NO reduction, in which reburn-
ing fuel is added to the combustion products of the
main combustion zone, which operates fuel lean, to
produce a fuel-rich mixture, products of which are re-
ferred to as total fixed nitrogen, and TFN oxidation, in
which air is added to produce overall fuel-lean condi-
tions, with the NH3, HCN, NO, and char nitrogen con-
verted to either N2 or NO and fuel oxidation complet-
ed.
Keywords: "Nitrogen oxides, "Combustion products,
"Coal, Flue gases. Air pollution, Pulverized fuols,
Reduction(Chemistry), Oxidation, Graphs(Chaits), Am-
monia, Hydrogen cyanide, Emission factors.
PB89-200828/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Regional
Oxidant Model (ROM2.0): Evaluation on 1M0
NEROS Data Bases. Rept. for Jan 87-Apr 89.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
K. L. Schere, and R. A. Waytand. Jun 89,370p EPA/
600/3-89/057
Prepared in cooperation with Computer Sciences
Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The second generation U.S. EPA Regional Oxidant
Model (ROM2.0) has been evaluated for the north-
eastern United States using the 1980 NEROS data
bases. The theoretical basis of the model and its struc-
ture and organization are described. The data bases
available from the summer 1980 period include routine
air quality and meteorological monitoring data in addi-
tion to data from several extensive field measurement
protects conducted during the summer of 1980 in the
northeastern U.S. on regional and urban acaies. Also
a complete emissions inventory, composed of anthro^
pogenlc and biogenic components, was assembled for
the 1980 base year for use in air quality modeling; The
ROM2.0 evaluation was conducted using quasi-deter-
ministic and diagnostic techniques.
Keywords: Planning, Evaluation, Air pollution. Mathe-
matical models, Simulation. Nitrogen oxides, Aircraft
Hydrocarbons, Meteorological data, TableslData)
Graphs(Charts), "Air quality display model, "Oxidants'
•Northeast region(United States), Data bases, Crnia
sion factors.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB89-201834/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Modeling Ambient Carbon Monoxide Trends to
Evaluate Mobile Source Emissions Reductions.
Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
R. L. Dennis, and M. W. Downton. C1987,19p EPA/
600/J-87/477
Pub. in Jnl. of Climate and Applied Meteorology, v26
nIO p1377-1391 Oct 87. Prepared in cooperation with
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder,
CO.
Regression models have been used with poor success
to detect the effect of emission control programs in
ambient concentration measurements of carbon mon-
oxide. An advance CO regression model is developed
based on an understanding of the physical processes
of dispersion. Its performance is shown to be superior
to the more traditionally developed regression and
time series models. The model reliably separates the
effects of emissions change from the effects of fluctu-
ations in meteorological conditions. The model has
sufficient precision to identify present trends in emis-
sions from ambient concentration data. The model
should be useful for detecting changes in emission
trends due to implementation of a control program on
vehicular emissions such as an inspection and mainte-
nance program. (Copyright (c) 1987, American Meteor-
ological Society.)
Keywords: 'Carbon monoxide, 'Repression analysis,
'Mathematical models, 'Air pollution control, 'Ex-
haust emissions, Motor vehicles, Trends, Atmospheric
diffusion, Inspection, Maintenance, Meteorology, Wind
velocity.
PB89-201842/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Turbulent Diffusion Behind Vehicles: Experimen-
tally Determined Influence of Vortex Pair In Vehi-
cle Wake. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
R. S. Thompson, and R. E. Eskridge. 1987,8p EPA/
600/J-87/479
Pub. In Atmospheric Environment, v21 n10 p2091-
2097 1987. See also PB87-208690.
The wake of a moving vehicle was stimulated using a
wind tunnel with a moving floor. The vehicle models,
both scale and block-shaped, were held in a fixed posi-
tion while the floor moved at the upstream air speed.
This simulates an automobile traveling on a straight
highway in still ambient air. Vertical and lateral profiles
of mean and fluctuating velocities and mean tracer
concentration were obtained. Profiles were taken at
distances of 15-60 model heights downstream. Two
exhaust source positions were used: at the center of
the rear of the vehicle and on the side just behind the
rear wheel. It was found that the scale vehicles induce
a pair of vortices in the wake that modify the velocity
and concentration patterns in a minor way from that of
the block car.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Automobiles, 'Wakes,
Motor vehicles, Exhaust gases, Exhaust emissions,
Aerodynamics, Vortices, Wind tunnels, Highways,
Graphs(Charts), Reprints, Automobile exhaust, Diffu-
sion modeling.
P089-2O1859/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Acid Precipitation Patterns and Trend* In Eastern
North America, 1980-84. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
S K. Seilkop, and P. L. Flnkelstein. 1987,18p EPA/
0OO/J-87/478
Pub. in Jnl. of Climate and Applied Meteorology, v26
ns p980-994 Aug 87. See also PB84-157932. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Analytical Sciences, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Using data compiled from seven nationwide precipita-
tion chemistry networks in the U.S. and Canada, the
spatial distribution of hydrogen, sulfate, and nitrate
ions in North America Is discussed. Geographic pat-
terns of concentration and deposition are character-
ized using isopleth maps which are presented and in-
terpreted for tne years 1980-1984. The maps were de-
veloped using a geostatistical technique known as
driging. This method allows for the estimation of confi-
dence limits on interpolated values. Using these limits,
the significance of an observed decrease in the spatial
patterns of deposition and concentration is assessed.
Decreases of as large as 15 to 20% were observed in
sulfate and nitrate concentrations between 1980 and
1983.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Precipitation(Meteorology),
'Water pollution, 'Air pollution, 'North America, Spa-
tial distribution, ions, Hydrogen, Sulfates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Periodic variations, Sites, Maps, Deposition,
Trends, Concentration(Composition), Estimates, Moni-
toring, Reprints. 'Acid precipitation.
PB89-201867/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comments on 'Lateral Dispersion from Tall
Stacks'. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
G. A. Briggs. 17 Apr 87, 5p EPA/600/J-87/480
Pub. in Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology,
v26 n12 p1779-1781 Dec 87.
The paper by Hanna (1986) on lateral dispersion pro-
vides very useful analyses of EPRI measurements of
plumes from tall stack, large buoyancy sources. How-
ever, there are a few errors in the equations, and there
are a few inconsistencies which require further discus-
sion. The errors that the author noticed all originate in
the section which pertains to buoyancy effects sigma
(sub y).
Keywords: 'Plumes, 'Atmospheric diffusion, 'Numeri-
cal analysis, 'Error analysis, 'Air pollution, Disper-
sions, Buoyancy, Industrial wastes, Meteorology, Re-
prints, 'Environmental transport, 'Stacks.
PB89-201875/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Pentachlorophenol: Health and Environmental Ef-
fects Profile. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
H. Choudhury, J. Coleman, C. T. De Rosa, and J. F.
Stara. c1986,91 p EPA/600/J-86/503
Pub. In Toxicology and Industrial Health, v2 n4 p483-
571 1986. See also PB89-124473. Prepared in coop-
eration with Syracuse Research Corp., NY. Center for
Chemical Hazard Assessment.
Pentachlorophenol is used as an industrial wood pre-
servative for utility poles, crossarms, fence posts, and
other purposes (79%); for NaPCP (12%); and miscel-
laneous including mill uses, consumer wood preserv-
ing formulations and herbicide intermediate (9%). Pho-
tolysis and microbial degradation are the important
chemical removal mechanisms for pentachlorophenol
(PCP) in water. Direct photolysis may be an important
environmental sink for PCP present in the atmosphere.
Soil degradation studies indicate the PCP is biodegrad-
able; microbial decomposition is an important and po-
tentially dominant removal mechanism In soil. Monitor-
ing studies have confirmed the widespread occurrence
of PCP in surface waters, groundwater, drinking water
and industrial effluents. Subchronic and chronic toxici-
ty studies show adverse effects in the liver, kidney and
immune system. Inadequate evidence exists for car-
cinogenicity.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial hygiene,
'Toxicology, 'Environmental surveys, Exposure, Car-
cinogens, Assessments, Mutagens, Wood preserva-
tives, Phenol/Pentachloro, 'Occupational safety and
health, 'Toxic substances, Environmental fate, Risk
assessment.
PB89-201883/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Syracuse Research Corp., NY. Center for Chemical
Hazard Assessment.
Health and Environmental Effeeta ProfUe for Pen-
tachloronltrobenzene. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
H. Choudhury, J. Coleman, F. L. Mink, C. T. De Rosa,
and J. F. Stara. c1987,66p EPA/600/J-87/476
Pub. in Toxicology and Industrial Health, v3 n1 p5-69
1987. See also PB89-123418. Sponsored by Syracuse
Research Corp., NY. Center for Chemical Hazard As-
sessment.
Pure pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) is a colorless
crystalline solid; the primary usage is as a soil fungi-
cide for a wide variety of crops and in seed treatment.
The fate of PCNB in water has not been comprehen-
sively studied. Pertinent data regarding the fate and
transport of PCNB in air or levels in ambient and drink-
ing water could not be located. PCNB is persistent in
soils; volatilization and biodegradation are important
processes in the loss from soils. Although the evi-
dence indicates that relatively pure PCNB did not
induce hepatomas in B6C3F1 mice, albino Swiss
female mice fed relatively pure PCNB with HCB con-
tamination of 2.7% developed statistically significant
increased incidences of subcutaneous fibromas and fi-
brocarcomas. From these data a q1 for humans of
3.93x0.01 (mg/kg/day) was derived. The limited evi-
dence in animals and lack of evidence in humans indi-
cate that PCNB is an EPA Group C chemical. There-
fore, PCNB has a LOW hazard ranking under
CERCLA. A RQ of 1000 was derived based on liver pa-
thology in dogs.
Keywords: "Toxicity, 'Hazardous materials, Profiles,
Chlorine organic compounds, Nitro compounds, Labo-
ratory animals, Humans, Standards, Tumors, Liver, Ex-
posure, Bioassay, Carcinogens, Standards, Risk,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, 'Pentachloron-
itrobenzene, 'Health effects, Benzene/nitro-pentach-
loro, Environmental transport.
PB89-201891/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Possible Animal Models of Follicular Development
Relevant to Reproductive Toxicology. Journal arti-
cle.
Kansas Univ. Medical Center, Kansas City.
G. S. Greenwald. C1987,7p EPA/600/J-87/474,,
OHEA-R-250
Pub, in Reproductive Toxicology, v1 n1 p55-59 Mar 88.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment.
Models of follicular development in rodents that may
be applicable to reproductive toxicology are consid-
ered. The value of evaluating changes in follicular
numbers during the estrous cycle is stressed. Most of
the methods involve in vivo manipulations. However,
the use of enzymes to dissociate intact follicles from
the ovary and their subsequent in vitro development in
the presence or absence of xenobiotics offers an alter-
native, attractive approach. (Copyright (c) 1987 Perga-
mon Journals Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Reproduction(Biology), 'Toxicology, Lab-
oratory animals, Rats, Reproductive system, Ovary.
Reprints, 'Follicles, Estrous cycle, Toxic substances.
PB89-201909/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Ion Budgets In a Seepage Lake. Journal article.
Iowa Univ., Iowa City. Dept. of Civil and Environmental
Engineering.
J. C. Lin, J. L. Schnoor, and G. E. Glass. c1987,21 p
EPA/600/J-87/475
Grant EPA-R-810395
Pub. in Advances in Chemistry Series No. 216,
Sources and Fates of Aquatic Pollutants, p209-227
1987. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-
Duluth, MN.
On the basis of an existing hydrologic model (trickle-
down model), an ion budgets approach was applied to
study the internal processes of Vandercook Lake in
Wisconsin. The results indicated that alkalinity was
produced by in-lake processes. Nitrogen transforma-
tions were significant, but their role in the acid-base
budget was negligible because the acidifying influence
of the ammonium loss was roughly balanced by the al-
kalizing effect of the nitrate loss. Sulfate reduction was
important and accounted for 54% of the alkalinity pro-
duction. (Copyright (c) 1987 American Chemical Soci-
ety.)
Keywords: 'Lakes, 'Water chemistry, Chemical reac-
tions, Alkalinity, Acidity, Models, Quantitative analysis,
Reprints, 'Vandercook Lake(Wisconsln).
PB89-201917/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Histological Assessment of Follicular Develop-
ment and Its Applicability to Risk Assessment
Journal article.
Maryland Univ. at Baltimore. School of Medicine.
A. N. Hirshfleld. C1987,11p EPA/600/J-87/473,,
OHEA-R-249
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pub. in Reproductive Toxicology, v1 n1 p71 -79 Mar 88.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment.
The article describes histological methods currently
used to study ovarian physiology that may have appli-
cability to reproductive toxicology. Histologic tech-
niques are, for the most part, inexpensive and easy to
perform. Many of these techniques require little equip-
ment and can be readily implemented in small labora-
tories. The resulting histological preparations are per-
manent, can be used over again for several different
types of analyses, and provide objective, quantifiable
endpoints. These techniques have been extremely
useful for studying the ovary. (Copyright (c) 1987 Per-
gamon Journals Ltd.)
Keywords: "Reproduction(Biology), "Toxicology,
•Ovary, Reproductive system, Sex glands, Rats,
Growth, Reprints, "Follicles, Risk assessment, Histo-
logical technics.
PB89-20192S/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Female Reproductive Risk Assessment. Journal ar-
ticle.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
C. Sakai. Mar 88,4p EPA/600/J-87/472, OHEA-R-
248
Pub. in Reproductive Toxicology, v1 n1 p53-54 Mar 88.
The article introduces a series of articles which identi-
fies concepts related to endpoints and methodology
potentially useful for female reproductive risk assess-
ment. Many of the endpoints and methodologies have
not yet been applied to toxicological testing, nowever,
they have been used in basic reproductive biology and
may be helpful in defining causative factors related to
female reproductive disorders and infertility.
Keywords: "Reproduction(Biology), 'Females, "Toxi-
cology, Reproductive system, Genital diseases, Re-
prints, "Risk assessment, Infertility.
PB89-201933/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Chemical of Current Interest Propylene Oxide:
Health and Environmental Effects Profile. Journal
article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
W. Meylan, L. Papa, C. T. De Rosa, and J. F. Stara.
C1986, 44p EPA/600/J-86/502
Pub. in Toxicology and Industrial Health, v2 n3 p219-
260 1986. Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Re-
search Corp., NY. Center for Chemical Hazard Assess-
ment.
The article reviews all of the relevant information on
propylene oxide including physical and chemical prop-
erties, environmental fate and transport processes, ex-
posure (water, food, inhalation and dermal), pharma-
cokinetics, effects (carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, tera-
togenicity, other reproductive effects and chronic tox-
icity), aquatic toxicity, existing guidelines and stand-
ards, and develops risk assessments. The available
toxicological data regarding propylene oxide indicate
that the compound is a contact carcinogen in rodents,
causing stomach tumors following ingestion and nasal
tumors after inhalation exposure. Applying the cancer
guidelines, propylene oxide is most appropriately clas-
sified as a group B2 chemical.
Keywords: "Propylene oxide, "Toxicology, "Water pol-
lution, Chemical properties, Environmental transport,
Industries, Exposure, Carcinogens, Rodents, Dosage,
Risk, Assessments, Reprints, "Occupational health
and safety.
PB89-202253/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Corpus Luteum: Animal Models of Possible Rel-
evance to Reproductive Toxicology. Journal arti-
cIq
Abraham Lincoln School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
M. C. Rao, and G. Gibori. C1988,12p EPA/600/J-88/
290,,OHEA-R-251	,
Pub. in Reproductive Toxicology, v1 n1 p6l-69Mar8B.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment.
The presence of a normally functioning corpus luteum
is an essential requirement for the maintenance of
gestation in mammals. The chief function of the corpus
luteum in all species is to synthesize the steroid hor-
mone progesterone that is necessary for implantation
and for the subsequent development of the feto-pla-
cental unit. Activation and maintenance of luteal func-
tion involve pituitary, placental, and ovarian hormones.
Perturbation in the secretion and/or action of any of
these luteotropins by exogenous compounds can pro-
foundly affect the steroidogenic capacity of the corpus
luteum. Abnormal luteal function causes failure of im-
plantation and embryonic wastage. Both in vitro and in
vivo models for assessing luteal function are available;
while the former are more convenient, the model of
choice for toxicological studies is one in which in vitro
findings can be easily confirmed in whole animals in
vivo. The article is concerned primarily with the tech-
niques used in basic research that might be useful for
the evaluation of luteal function in reproductive toxicol-
ogy. (Copyright (c) 1987 Pergamon Journals Ltd.)
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Reproduction(Biology), Proges-
terone, In vivo analysis, Reprints, "Corpus luteum,
Lutein cells, Animal models.
PB89-202261/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Studies of Reproductive Cycliclty: Evaluation of
Computer Modeling as a Toot. Journal article.
Columbia Univ., New York. Coll. of Physicians and Sur-
geons.
M. Ferin, and R. J. Bogumil. c1988,9p EPA/600/J-88/
291,, OHEA-R-252
Pub. in Reproductive Toxicology, v1 n3 p229-234 Sep
88. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC, Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment.
Assessment of toxic effects on human reproductive
function using fetal health or teratogenic criteria pre-
sumes the conditions of parental fertility. Toxins that
compromise fecundity through derangement of the
menstrual cycle may require quite different models and
criteria. Nonlinear dynamic interactions of the hormo-
nal and morphological components of the menstrual
cycle add to the difficulty of such studies. With appro-
priate mathematical models, computer simulation can
provide a useful guide to the design and conduct of in
vivo experiment. (Copyright (c) 1988 Pergamon Press
pic.)
Keywords: "Reproduction(Biology), "Toxicity,
"Humans, Reproductive system, Computerized simu-
lation, Endocrinology, Models, Fecundity, Embryos,
Reprints, "Menstrual cycle, Risk assessment.
PB89-202279/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Neuroendocrine Mechanisms Controlling the
Onset of Female Puberty. Journal article.
Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, Beaver-
ton. Div. of Neuroscience.
H. F. Urbanski, and S. R. Ojeda. C1988,13p EPA/600/
J-88/292,, OHEA-R-253
Pub. in Reproductive Toxicology, v1 n2 p129-138 Jun
88. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment.
The article describes the major neuroendocrine devel-
opments that are associated with the normal onset of
puberty in the female rats. Although differences exist
between rats and humans with regard to development
and function of the reproductive system, there are
major basic similarities. This makes the rat a valuable
laboratory model in which to evaluate the effects of po-
tentially hazardous substances on normal sexual mat-
uration. A systematic experimental approach is pre-
sented to show how the study of reproductive develop-
ment in the female rat can aid understanding of the
processes by which these substances could disturb
normal puberty in the human female. (Copyright (c)
1988 Pergamon Press pic.)
Keywords: 'Reproduction(Biology), "Females, Repro-
ductive system, Pituitary hormones, Endocrinology,
Rats, Laboratory animals, Reprints, "Puberty, Sex mat-
uration.
PB89-202287/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Neuroendocrinology of Female Reproduction:
Review, Models, and Potential Approaches for
Risk Assessment. Journal article.
Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, Beaver-
ton. Div. of Reproductive Biology and Behavior.
D. L. Hess. C1988, 9p EPA/600/J-88/293
Pub. in Reproductive Toxicology, v1 n2 p139-145
1988. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Health and Envi-
ronmental Assessment.
The central role of the mammalian hypothalamic-pitui-
tary axis in regulating female reproductive cycles is re-
viewed. A variety of animal models and techniques
that offer increased sensitivity, speed, and flexibility
over traditional reproductive toxicologic approaches
for short-term testing or screening are discussed, in-
cluding the pivotal analysis of gonadotrophin releasing
hormone (GnRH) pulse generator activity in vivo and in
vitro. Other neuroendocrine techniques that require
further development, but provide potential approaches
to demonstrate specific sites or mechanisms of action
for toxic effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis are
suggested.
Keywords: 'Reproduction(Biology), "Females, Hy-
pothalamus, Pituitary gland, Toxicology, Gonadotro-
pins, Pulse generators, Reprints, 'Neuroendocrino-
logy, Animal models, Risk assessment.
PB89-202295/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Critical Evaluation of Methods for Detection and
Assessment of Estrogenic Compounds In Mam-'
mals: Strengths and Limitations for Application to
Risk Assessment. Journal article.
Worcester Foundation for Experimental Biology,
Shrewsbury, MA.
D. L. Kupfer. C1988,10p EPA/600/J-88/294,, OHEA-
R-255
Pub. in Reproductive Toxicology, v1 n2 p147-153 Jun
88. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment.
Methods for assessing proestrogens and estrogenic
activity of xenobiotics (environmental pollutants and
therapeutic agents) are critically evaluated. The utero-
tropic assay in vivo and the binding affinity to the uter-
ine estrogen receptor in vitro are still tne preferred
methods by most investigators. Because metabolism
could markedly alter the activity of estrogens and
proestrogens, in vitro methods that do not consider
such possibilities have only limited utility. An in vitro
method, which attempts to satisfy that requirement by
combining metabolic capability with binding to the es-
trogen receptor, has become available. However, this
method still needs considerable refinement and the
assessment of its potential and limitations. In addition,
there is a need for a facile method for determining
whether a compound Is a frank estrogen or a partial
agonist/antiestrogen. These methods are considered
in respect to their application for risk assessment.
(Copyright (c) 1988 Pergamon Press pic.)
Keywords: 'Reproduction(Biology), "Toxicol
hormones, Estrogens, Reprints, Xenobiotics,
sessment, Proestrogens, Therapeutic agents. , .
PB89-202303/HSU	PC A02/MF AQ1
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
Aging and Responses to Toxins In Female Repro-
ductive Functions. Journal article.
University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Ethat
Percy Andrus Gerontology Center.
P. C. May, and C. E. Finch. cSep 88,8p EPA/600/J-
88/295,, OHEA-R-279
Pub. in Reproductive Toxicology, vl n3 P223-228
1988. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Health and Envi*
ronmental Assessment.
Female reproductive functions improve after puberty
to reach a maximum within the first quarter of the life-
span of most mammals. Thereafter, there are progres-
sive declines with age leading in most mammaHansM-
cies to a loss of fertility by midlife. The changes are
complex and there can be extensive variations in their
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
timing among individuals, even in inbred rodents.
Three markers of reproductive function, length of ovu-
latory (or estrous) cycles, infertility, and fetal abnor-
malities, are extensively utilized to monitor reproduc-
tive senescence and may be equally valuable in as-
sessing the potential toxicity of xenobiotlc agents. The
article describes the parameters used to evaluate re-
productive function and normal changes with age. In
addition, two paradigms that disrupt normal reproduc-
tive function in young mature rodents will be briefly de-
scribed as useful models for analysis of reproductive
toxicity. (Copyright (c) 1988 Pergamon Press pic.)
Keywords: 'Reproduction(Biology), 'Females, 'Toxi-
cology, 'Toxins, *Aging(Biology), Laboratory animals,
Mice, Reproductive system,
Ovulation, Estrous cycle.
Reprints, 'Senescence,
PBS9-202311/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Use of Primate Folllculogenesla Models in Under-
standing Human Reproductive Biology and Appli-
cability to Toxicology. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
C. N. Sakai, and G. D. Hodgen. C1988,17p EPA/600/
J-88/296, OHEA-R-280
Pub. in Reproductive Toxicology, v1 n3 p207-221 Sep
88. Prepared in cooperation with Jones Inst, for Repro-
ductive Medicine, Norfolk, VA. Dept. of Obstetrics and
Gynecology.
The nonhuman primate reproductive system provides
an excellent model for studying basic physiological
processes applicable to humans. The article reviews
hormonal observations and experimental manipula-
tions useful in the evaluation of ovarian events In vari-
ous stages of the reproductive life. As the need arises,
primate reproductive toxicoloqical studies may clarify
questions relevant to human risk evaluations. Evalua-
tion of reproductive toxicological observations may
reveal biological parameters defining premature repro-
ductive failure. (Copyright (c) 1988 pergamon Press
pic.)
PBS9-202329/HSU
PC A02/MF A01
Predictive Model of Conlugatlve Plasmid Transfer
In the Rhlzosphere and Phyllosphere. Journal arti-
cle.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
G. a Knudsen, M. V. Walter, L. A. Porteous, V. J.
Prince, and J. L. Armstrong. 1988,7p EPA/600/J-88/
297
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology 54, n2
p343-347 Feb 88.
A computer simulation model was used to predict the
dynamics of survival and conjugation of Pseudomonas
cepacia (carrying the transmissible recombinant plas-
mid R388:Tn1721) with a nonrecombinant recipient
strain In simple rhlzosphere and phyllosphere micro-
cosms. Plasmid transfer rates were derived for a mass
action model, and donor and recipient survival were
modeled as exponential growth and decay processes
or both. Rate parameters were derived from laboratory
studies in which donor and recipient strains were incu-
bated In te8t tubes with a peat-vermiculite solution or
on excised radish or bean leaves in petri dishes. The
model predicted donor, recipient, and transconjugant
populations in hourly time steps. It was tested in a mi-
crocosm planted with radish seeds and Inoculated with
donor and recipient strains and on leaf surfaces of
radish and bean plants also growing in microcosms.
Bacteria were periodically enumerated on selective
media over 7 to 14 days. An Initial rapid increase and a
subsequent decline in numbers of transconjugants in
the rhlzosphere and on leaf surfaces were correctly
predicted.
Keywords: Survival, Computerized simulation, Re-
prints, *Pla8mid8, 'Pseudomonas cepacia, Rhizos-
pheres, Phyllospheres, Genetic conjugation.
PBM-202337/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Dm of the Amphlpod Crustacean 'HyaleDa Aztecs'
In Freshwater and Eetuarlne Sediment Toxicity
Twta- Journal article,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A. V. Nebeker, and C. E. Miller. 1988,9p EPA/600/J-
88/299
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v7
p1027-1033 1988.
Hyalella azteca (Saussure), which are currently used in
toxicity tests with freshwater sediments, were tested to
determine their suitability for tests with estuarine sedi-
ments. Reproduction was good after 24 d at and below
12.5 g/l (ppt) salinity in water only. EC50 values (50%
reduction In young) were 10.5 and 10.4 g/l salinity.
Survival was good in tests conducted with estuarine
sediments collected from a range of freshwater to full
seawater sites, using fresh water overlaying the sedi-
ments (200 ml sediment, 800 ml water). The results
demonstrate that H. azteca can be used to test the
toxicity of sediments from both freshwater and estua-
rine sites.
Keywords: 'Crustacea, 'Fresh water, 'Toxicity, 'Sedi-
ments, Tests, Estuaries, Species indicators, Salinity,
Tolerances(Physiology),	Survival,
Reproduction(Biology), Acceptability, Comparison, Ex-
posure, Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data),
Reprints, 'Hyalella azteca.
PB89-202345/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Changes in Mallard Hen and Brood Behaviors In
Response to Methyl Psrathlon-lnduced Illness of
Ducklings. Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A. Fairbrother, S. M. Meyers, and R. S. Bennett. C1988,
7p EPA/600/J-88/300
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v7
p499-5031988. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop
Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
Half the young In each of four broods of 5-d-old mal-
lards (Anas platyrhynchos) were gavaged orally with 4
mg/kg methyl parathion and released with their
mother and untreated siblings in pond enclosures.
Four control broods received corn oil only. Activity cat-
egories (swimming, preening, feeding, loafing) of hens
and broods were noted every 15 min. and continuous
observations were made of length of time to recovery
or death (dosed ducklings) and of time spent in a be-
havior. There was a significant difference (X2 « 76.4,
p <0.001) between behaviors of treated and control
broods: treated broods mostly preened and loafed on
land while control broods pnmarily fed and swam in
open water. Hens remained with their broods and kept
all ducklings together even when dosed young were
too sick to move (for 90 to 155 min. posttreatment).
Forty percent of dosed ducklings died the first day,
whereas no control ducklings died. The results of the
study indicate that methyl parathion can affect the
brood-rearing phase of reproduction by direct mortality
and through behavioral changes. (Copyright (c) 1988
SETAC.)
Keywords: 'Animal behavior, 'Toxicology, 'Ducks,
Reproductk>n(Biology), Toxicity, Mortality, Reprints,
'Methyl parathion, Biological effects, Toxic sub-
stances.
PB89-202352/HSU
PC A02/MF A01
Comparison of Breaking Strength and Shell Thick'
ness ss Evaluators of Eggshell Quality. Journal ar-
ticle.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. K. Bennett, R. K. Ringer, R. S. Bennett, B. A.
Williams, and P. E. Humphrey. C1988.10p EPA/600/J-
88/301
Pub. In Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v7
p351 -3571988. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop
Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR., Michigan State Univ.,
East Lansing, and Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept.
of Forest Products.
The shell quality of eggs produced by northern bob-
white (Colinus Virginlanus) dosed with sulfanilamide
wen evaluated by a compression breaking strength
test and by the shell thickness measurements that are
used in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
avian reproduction test to determine the effect of a
chemical substance on eggshells. The relative sensi-
tivities of the two methods in detecting shell quality
changes in suifanilamide-treated quail were compared
by relative response ratios, calculated as treatment
period response divided by pretreatment values. The
ratios demonstrated a clear shell weakening response
and a less apparent shell thinning response. Signifi-
cant differences in shell thickness of eggs from sulfa-
nilamide-treated hens and those from control hens
were not demonstrated (alpha = 0.32 and 0.34), al-
though highly significant differences In shell strength
were demonstrated (alpha <0.0001). Scanning elec-
tron micrographs of weak shells of normal thickness
revealed abnormal ultrastructure, usually poorly
formed mammillae. Obtaining both shell thickness and
shell strength information may provide better means to
evaluate a chemical's effect on shell quality.
Keywords: 'Birds, 'Sulfanilamide, 'Toxicity, Thick-
ness, Sulfur organic compounds, Breaking strength,
Reprints, 'Eggshells, 'Bobwhite quail, Biological ef-
fects, Colinus Virginianus.
PB89-202360/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effect of Several Stress Factors on the Suscepti-
bility of the Predatory Mite, 'Metaselulus occiden-
talls' (Acarl: Phytoselidae), to the Weak Bacterial
Pathogen 'Serratia marcescens.' Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
B. Lighthart, D. Sewall, and D. R. Thomas. c1988,12p
EPA/600/J-88/302
Pub. in Jnl. of Invertebrate Pathology, v52 p33-42
1988. Prepared in cooperation with Oregon State
Univ., Corvallis.
A Metaseiulus occidentalis bioassay procedure that
approaches incubation conditions for maximum host
susceptibility to Serratia marcescens is presented.
Preinoculation temperature and/or starvation pulses,
chronic RH and crowding (or food search area) stres-
sors, and an age (or instar) modulator were used singly
and in combination to observe effects on the egg pro-
duction and mortality of a predatory mite, M. occiden-
talis, inoculated with a weak bacterial pathogen, S.
marcescens. Susceptibility of the mature host to the
bacterium increased significantly after 4 days of incu-
bation when the mite was exposed to a preinoculation
high-temperature pulse and the containment area was
increased. By day 6, these factors combined with incu-
bation at high RH and some of their interactions signifi-
cantly affected mite mortality and accounted for most
of the variability in the experimental data. Although
some of the stress factors significantly affected fecun-
dity, as measured by egg production rate, inoculation
with S. marcescens at doses up to 10(sup 8) colony-
forming units/ml did not. (Copyright (c) 1988 by Aca-
demic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Stresses, Invertebrates, Bacteria,
Susceptibility(Physiology), Reprints, 'Serratia marces-
cens, 'Metaseiulus occidentalis, Biological effects,
Mites, Pathogens.
PB89-202378/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Regional Applications of an Index of Bio tic Integ-
rity for Use in Water Resource Management Jour-
nal article.
Northrop Services, Inc., Ada, OK.
D. L Miller, P. M. Leonard, R. M. Hughes, J. R. Karr,
and P. B. Moyle. C1988,12p EPA/600/ J-88/303
Contract EPA-68-03-3246
Pub. in Fisheries, v13 n5 p12-201988. See also PB84-
208115. Sponsored by Corvallia Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
The index of biotic integrity (IBI) integrates 12 meas-
ures of stream fish assemblages for assessing water
resource quality. Initially developed and tested in the
Midwest, tne IBI recently was adapted for use in west-
em Oregon, northeastern Colorado, New England, the
Appalachians of West Virginia and Virginia, and north-
em California. The concept also was extended to Lou-
isiana estuaries. In regions of low species richness, the
IBI proved difficult to apply and often required exten-
sive modification. Adapting the IBI to those regions re-
quired that metrics be replaced, deleted, or added to
accommodate regional differences in fish distribution
and assemblage structure and function. The IBI holds
promise for direct biological monitoring because of Its
strong ecological foundation and flexibility. Vermont,
TVA, Ohio, Kentucky and Illinois have incorporated the
181 into their monitoring or standards programs. The IBI
thus serves as a quantitative, biological goal for water
resource management (Copyright 1988 by the Ameri-
can Fisheries Society.)
Keywords: 'Water resources, 'Water management,
Water quality, Surface waters, Fishes, Populations, In-
dexes, Reprints, 'Biological integrity, Environmental
monitoring.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB89-202386/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Growth of Cotton under Chronic Ozone Stress at
Two Levels of Soil Moisture. Journal article.
Agricultural Research Service, Washington, DC.
J. E. Miller, R. P. Patterson, A. S. Heagle, W. A.
Pursley, and W. W. Heck. c1988,12p EPA/600/J-88/
305
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality, v17 n4 p635-643
1988. Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina
State Univ. at Raleigh. Sponsored by Corvallis Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., OR.
Recent field research has shown that ambient concen-
trations of ozone(03) have the potential to reduce
yield of a number of economically important crop spe-
cies. Less emphasis has been placed on characteriza-
tion of the effects of 03 on growth of the total plant
that ultimately determines yield. In the study, the au-
thors measured season-long growth of field-grown
cotton that was exposed to a range of 03 concentra-
tions at two levels of soil moisture, well-watered (WW)
and water-stressed (WS). The cotton was exposed for
12 h/d throughout the growing season in open-top
chambers to five 03 concentrations. Three cotton
plants were sampled from each chamber at 2-to 3-wk
intervals during the season, and biomass and growth
measurements were made on all major plant parts.
Ozone stress reduced leaf and root biomass in particu-
lar, while stem tissues were less affected. Water stress
caused fewer significant effects overall than did 03, al-
though it appeared to reduce the growth of most plant
parts, especially at low 03 concentrations.
Keywords: *Stress(Physiology), 'Growth, 'Cotton
plants, Ozone, Soil water, Exposure, Yield, Field tests,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints.
PB89-202384/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Plasma Binding of 1-Butanol, Phenol, Nitroben-
zene and Pentachlorophenol In the Rainbow Trout
and Rat: A Comparative Study. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
P. K. Schmieder, and T. R. Henry. C1988,8p EPA/
600/J-88/306
Pub. in Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,
v91C n2 p413-418 Feb 88. Prepared in cooperation
with College of Saint Scholastica, Duluth, MN.
Protein binding has been recognized as an important
consideration in pharmacokinetic modeling of drugs
since the early 1980s (Kruger-Thiemer et al„ 1966). As
toxicokinetic models are increasingly applied in the as-
sessment of xenobiotic uptake, distribution and elimi-
nation in aquatic species, the paucity of relevant data
for plasma protein binding becomes apparent. The
present project was an attempt to empirically dissimilar
chemicals to rainbow trout and rat plasma proteins.
The study attempts to relate plasma protein binding
and chemical lipophilicity, as represented by log octa-
nol water partition coefficients (Log P). The in vitro
binding of l-butanol, phenol, nitrobenzene, and pen-
tachlorophenol in trout plasma and rat plasma was de-
termined. Binding to rainbow trout plasma proteins
agreed within 9% of that observed in rat plasma. Per-
centage bound to rainbow trout (C-99%) or rat (10-
99%) plasma proteins increased as the log octanol
water partition of the chemicals increased within the
Log P 1-3 range, and was suggestive of hydrophobic
interactions in binding.
Keywords: 'Butanols, 'Phenol, 'Nitrobenzenes, Trout,
Rats, Concentration(Composition), Reprints, "Phenol/
pentachloro, 'Plasma binding.
PB89-202402/HSU	PCA03/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Evaluating Various Adsorbents and Membranes
for Removing Radium from Qroundwater. Journal
article.
Houston Univ., TX. Dept. of Civil and Environmental
Engineering.
D. Clifford, W. Vijjeswarapu, and S. Subramonian.
C1988,14p EPA/600/J-88/307
Pub. in Jnl. of American Water Works Association, v80
p94-104 Jul 88. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineer-
ing Lab.
Field studies were conducted in Lemont, IL to evaluate
specific adsorbents and reverse osmosis (RO) mem-
branes for removing radium from groundwater. A
radium-selective complexer and barium-sulfate-loaded
1322 Vol. 90, No. 24
alumina appeared to have the best potential for low-
cost adsorption of radium from raw water or ion ex-
change brines, provided that the problem of the ulti-
mate disposal of spent media can be solved. A new,
low-pressure (70-psig) RO module achieved radium
and total dissolved solids (TDS) rejections of 91 and
87%, respectively. Central treatment with standard or
low-pressure RO modules would be effective for
radium removal but would be expensive and unneces-
sary if TDS reduction is not also required. Point-of-use
treatment using RO is effective for removing radium
and may be cost effective for very small communities.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Radium, Adsorb-
ents, 'Membranes, 'Ground water, Osmosis, Field
tests, Performance evaluation, Drinking water, Water
supply, Ion exchanging, Radioactive materials. Re-
prints, Lemont(lllinois).
PB89-202410/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Responses of Zoopiankton and 'Chaoborus' to
Temephos In a Natural Pond and In the Laborato-
ry. Journal article,
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. C. Helgen, N. J. Larson, and R. L. Anderson. c1988,
15p EPA/600/J-88/308
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 17, D459-471 1988. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Saint Olaf Coll., Northfield, MN. Dept. of Biol-
ogy, and Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, St. Paul.
Application of the organophosphorus insecticide teme-
phos to a natural pond in central Minnesota was fol-
lowed by reduction within 24 hr in all cladocerans, in
Diaptomus leptopus and in Chaoborus americanus,
and increases in cyclopoid copepods, copepod nauplii
and rotifer Keratella cochlearis. Daphnia pulex that
reappeared 35 days post-application were ex-ephip-
pial. After application, reproduction of cladocerans and
Diaptomus was markedly reduced compared to the
previous year, an effect attributed to temephos. Daph-
nia population density was strongly reduced into the
fall season, long after the spring applications, com-
pared with both a reference pond's and the previous
season's populations. On-site bioassays demonstrat-
ed 24-hr mortalities of Daphnia and Chaoborus that
were comparable to the population decreases in the
pond. Laboratory toxicity tests showed Daphnia was
the most sensitive followed by Chaoborus and Diapto-
mus.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Insecticides, 'Zoopiankton,
'Cladocera, 'Water pollution, Ponds, Responses,
Phosphorus organic compounds, Daphnia, Mortality,
Bioassay, Laboratories, Risk, Exposure, Abundance,
Life cycles, Reprints.
PB89-202428/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Qenotoxlc Activity of Organic Chemicals In Drink-
ing Water. Journal article,
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH. Toxicol-
ogy and Microbiology Div.
J. R. Meier. 1988,37p EPA/600/J-88/309
Pub. in Mutation Research, v196 p211-2451988.
The information summarized in the review provides
substantial evidence for the widespread presence of
genotoxins in drinking water. In many, if not most
cases, the genotoxic activity can be directly attributed
to the chionnation stage of drinking water treatment.
The genotoxic activity appears to originate primarily
from reactions of chlorine with humic substances in
the source waters. Genotoxic activity in drinking water
concentrates has been most frequently demonstrated
using bacterial mutagenicity tests but results with
mammalian cell assay systems are generally consist-
ent with the findings from the bacterid assays. There is
currently no evidence for genotoxic damage following
in vivo exposures to animals. In some locations geno-
toxic contaminants of probable industrial and/or agri-
cultural origin occur in the source waters and contrib-
ute substantially to the genotoxic activity of finished
drinking waters. The method used for sample concen-
tration can have an important bearing on study results.
In particular, organic acids account for most of the mu-
tagenicity of chlorinated drinking water, and their re-
covery from water requires an acidification step prior to
extraction or XAD resin adsorption. Recently, one
class of acidic compounds, the chlorinated hydroxyfur-
anones, has been shown to be responsible for a major
part of the mutagenic activity.
Keywords: "Bacteria, 'Toxicity, 'Water treatment,
Chlorination, Damage, Mutagens, Bioassay, Laborato-
ry animals, Organic acids, Acidification, Carcinogens,
Humans, Disinfection, Activated carbon treatment. He-
prints, 'Drinking water, Organic chemicals.
PB89-202436/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Reference Dos* (RfD): Description and Use In
Health Risk Assessments. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
D. G. Barnes, and M. Dourson. 1988,18p EPA/600/J-
88/310
Pub. in Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 8
p471-486 1988.
For many years the concept of the 'acceptable daily
intake' has served the toxicological and regulatory
fields quite well. However, as approaches to assessing
the health significance of exposures to noncarcino-
genic substances receive greater scrutiny, some diffi-
culties with this traditional approach have become
more apparent. Consequently, the concept of the 'ref-
erence dose' is introduced in order to avoid use of prej-
udicial terms (e.g., 'safety' and 'acceptable'), to pro-
mote greater consistency in the assessment of non-
carcinogenic chemicals, and to maintain the functional
separation between risk assessment and risk manage-
ment.
Keywords: Exposure, Toxicology, Reprints, 'Risk as-
sessment, 'Reference dose, 'Health risks.
PB89-203319/HSli	PC A21/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Pharmacokinetics In Risk Assessment Drinking
Water and Health. Volume 8.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
1987,497p* ISBN-0-309-03775-1
Contracts EPA-68-01-3169, EPA-68-02-3809
See also Volume 4, PB82-249244. Errata sheet insert-
ed. Library of Congress catalog card no. 77-88284.
Sponsored in part by contract EPA-68-02-3869 and
grants PHS-RR-01693 and PHS-CA-14236. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, DC., and National Institutes of Health, Betheada,
tin
Contents: Risk assessment: historical perspectives;
Tissue dosimetry in risk assessment; Modeling: an in-
troduction; Physiologically based pharmacokinetic
modeling; Allometry: body size constraints in animal
design; Prediction of In vivo parameters of drug metab-
olism and distribution from in vitro studies; Dose, spe-
cies, and route extrapolation; Uncertainty in pharma-
cokinetic models using SIMUSOLV; Interspecies and
dose-route extrapolations; Carcinogen DNA-adducts
as a measure of biological dose for risk analysis of car-
cinogenic data; Resources available for simulation in
toxicology; Route-to-route extrapolation of dichloro-
methane exposure using a physiological pharmacokin-
etic model; Sensitivity analysis in pharmacokinetic
modeling; Mutation accumulation: chronic cytotoxicarit
exposure; Model for ethylene chloride and fts applica-
tion in risk assessment; Mathematical modeling of
ozone absorption in the lower respiratory tract; Devel-
opment of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic
model for multiday inhalation of carbon tetrachloride;
The delivered/administered dose relationship and its
impact on formaldehyde risk estimates; Pharmacokin-
etic simulation in risk assessment; Hazard "mm
merit: ozone; Role of pharmacokinetic modeling In risk
assessment; Development of multispecies, multfoute
pharmacokinetic models for methylene chloride and
1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl chloroform); Methotrex-
ate: pharmacokinetics and assessment of toxicity; Pro-
spective predictions and validations in anticancer ther-
apy; The application of pharmacokinetic data in carci-
nogenic risk assessment.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water treatment, 'Meet-
ings, 'Pharmacokinetics, Mathematical models, Tonic-
ity, Epidemiology, 'Risk assessment, Toxic sub-
stances, Dose-response relationships. Safe Drinkino
Water Act of 1974.	*
PB89-203459/HSU	PC AM/MF E(U
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Proceeding* of the NCI/ERA/NIOSH (National
Cancer Inetltute/Envlronmental Protection
Agency/National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health) Collaborative Workshop (2nd):
Progress on Joint Environmental and Occupation-
al Cancer Studies: Held In Rockvllle, Maryland on
September 9-11,1981.
Johnson (Lawrence) and Associates, Inc., Washing-
ton, DC.
H. F. Kraybill, I. C. Blackwood, and N. B. Freas. Apr 82,
815p*
Contract N01-CP-1-5746
See also PB89-161939. Sponsored by National
Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD, National Inst, for Occu-
pational Safety and Health, Rockville, MD., and Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Presentations and discussions held at this joint meet-
ing on environmental and occupational carcinogens in-
cluded the following topics: lung cancer associations
with zinc smelting operations; exposures to styrene
(100425); case/control studies of cancer of the lung,
stomach, and pancreas; mortality of workers in the ply-
wood, paper and pujp industries; etiological study of
respiratory cancer in Texas; mortality study of fur dyers
and processors; industrial emissions in Contra Costa
County, California; mortality data of newspaper press-
men; environmental health database for New Jersey;
mortality study of dry cleaning workers exposed to
perchloroethylene (127184); identification of chemi-
cals in human biological media; gold mining oper-
ations; chemical workers; leather tanning and finishing
industries; exposures to toluene (108883); dosimetry
studies; foundry particulates; iron foundry casting op-
erations; pulmonary fibrosis; wood preservatives; roof-
ing asphalts, pitch and sunlight; teratogenic effects of
pesticides; chloroform (67663) carcinogenesis; labora-
tory animal studies; urinary cancer related proteins;
lymphoid progenitor cells; skin exposures; and pho-
tooxidation.
Keywords: 'Industrial medicine, 'Carcinogens, 'Meet-
ings, 'Malignant neoplasms, Exposure, Toxicity, Haz-
ardous materials, Dyeing, Printing, Tanning materials,
Styrene, Toluene, Mining, Wood preservatives, Roof-
ing, Chemical industry, 'Toxic substances, 'Occupa-
tional safety and health, CAS 100-42-5, CAS 127-18-4,
CAS 108-88-3, CAS 67-66-3.
PBM-203668/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
greenhouse Effect Sea Level Rise and Coastal
Wetlands.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
J. G. Titus. Jul 88,159p EPA/230/05-86/013
Library of Congress Catalog card no. 88-16585. Pre-
pared In cooperation with Butler Univ., Indianapolis, IN.
Holcomb Research Inst.
The report examined the potential impacts of acceler-
ated sea level rise on coastal wetlands in the United
States and found that sea level could potentially have
a large effect on future wetland losses. Nationwide, a
five to seven foot rise in sea level could result in 30 to
SO percent loss in coastal wetlands. Along underdevel-
oped coasts, a rise drowns the seaward wetlands and
allows new wetlands to be created inland as formerly
dry land is flooded. Unfortunately, the area just above
sea level available for wetland creation is generally far
loss than the area of wetlands that would be lost. And
If development exists behind the wetlands and Is pro-
tected from sea level rise, there Is even less opportuni-
ty for wetland creation. Because of the Importance of
wetlands, federal and state agencies should now
begin to determine how to mitigate wetland loss from
sea level rise.
Keywords: 'Greenhouse effect, 'Sea level, 'Marshes,
'Coasts, Atmospheric composition, Carbon dioxide,
Thermal radiation, Swamps, Flooding, Losses, Con-
servation, United States, 'Wetlands.
PBM-203673/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Overview of the Regulatory Baseline, Technical
Baste, and Alternative Control Levels for Sulfur
Dioxide (S02) Emission Standards for Small
Steam Generating Units. Final rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
May 89,42p EPA/450/3-89/12
See also PB89-203681.
The report provides a summary of the technical data
used in developing proposed new source performance
standards (NSPS) for small industrial-commercial-in-
stitutional steam generating units (small boilers). The
report focuses on sulfur dioxide (S02) emissions from
boilers firing coal and oil with heat input capacities of
100 million Btu/hour or less. Conclusions are drawn
from the data regarding the performance of technol-
ogies available to reduce S02 emissions. Alternative
control levels are then chosen based on the conclu-
sions drawn from the data.
Keywords: 'Boilers, 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur diox-
ide, 'Emission, 'Standards, Environmental impacts,
Exhaust gases, Coal, Fuel oil.
PB89-203681/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Model Boiler Cost Analysis for Controlling Sulfur
Dioxide (S02) Emissions from Small Steam Gener-
ating Units. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
May 89,26p EPA/450/3-89/14
See also PB89-203673.
The report presents estimates of the cost and cost ef-
fectiveness associated with controlling sulfur dioxide
emissions from small coal- and oil-fired industrial-com-
mercial-institutional steam generating units (small boil-
ers). The report was prepared during development of
proposed new source performance standards for
small boilers (boilers with heat input capacities of 100
million Btu/hour or less).
Keywords: 'Boilers, 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur diox-
ide, 'Emission, Exhaust gases, Models, Estimates,
Coal, Fuel oil, 'Air pollution economics.
PB89-203699/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Overview of the Regulatory Baseline, Technical
Basis, and Alternative Control Levele for Nitrogen
Oxides (NOX) Emission Standards for Small
Steam Generating Units. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
May 89,48p EPA/450/3-89/13
See also PB89-203707.
The report provides a summary of the technical data
used in developing proposed new source performance
standards (NSPS) for small industrial-commercial-in-
stitutional steam generating units (small boilers). The
report focuses on nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions
from boilers firing coal, oil, and gas with heat input ca-
pacities of 100 million Btu/hour or less. Conclusions
are drawn from the data regarding the performance of
technologies available to reduce NOx emissions. Alter-
native control levels are then chosen based on the
conclusions drawn from the data.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Boilers, 'Air pollution
control, Standards, Regulations, Steam electric power
generation, Coal, Fuel oils, Natural gas. Performance
evaluation, Small boilers, Baseline studies.
PB89-203707/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Model Boiler Cost Analysis for Controlling Nltro-
Sin Oxides (NOX) Emlealona from Small Steam
eneratlng Unit*. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
May 89,40p EPA/450/3-89/16
See also PB89-203699.
The report presents estimates of the cost and cost ef-
fectiveness associates with controlling nitrogen oxides
(NOx) emissions from small coal-, oil-, and gas-fired in-
dustrial-commercial-institutional steam generating
units (small boilers). The report was prepared during
development of proposed new source performance
standards (NSPS) for small boilers (boilers with heat
input capacities of 100 million Btu/hour or less).
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Boilers, *Alr pollution
control, Steam electric power generation, Cost effec-
tiveness, Natural gas, Fuel oils, Coal, Standards, Reli-
ability, Prices, Fuels, Tables(Data), 'Small boilers.
PB89-203715/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Overview of the Regulatory Baseline, Technical
Basis, and Alternative Control Levels for Particu-
late Matter (PM) Emission Standards for Small
Steam Generating Units. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
May 89,38p EPA/450/3-89/011
See also PB89-203723.
The report provides a summary of the technical data
used in developing proposed new source performance
standards for small industrial-commercial-institutional
steam generating units (small boilers). The report fo-
cuses on particulate matter (PM) emissions from boil-
ers firing coal, oil, and wood with heat input capacities
of 100 million Btu/hour or less. Conclusions are drawn
from the data regarding the performance of technol-
ogies available to reduce PM emissions. Alternative
control levels are then chosen based on the conclu-
sion drawn from the data.
Keywords: 'Boilers, 'Air pollution control, 'Emission,
'Standards, Fuel oil, Environmental impacts, Exhaust
gases, Wood, Coal, 'Particulates.
PB89-203723/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Model Boiler Cost Analysis for Controlling Partic-
ulate Matter (PM) Emissions from Small Steam
Generating Units. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
May 89,74p EPA/450/3-89/015
SeealsoPB89-203715.
The report presents estimetes of the cost and cost ef-
fectiveness associated with controlling particulate
matter emissions from small coal-, oil-, and wood-fired
industrial-commercial-institutional steam generating
units (small boilers). The report was prepared during
development of proposed new source performance
standards for small boilers (boilers with heat input ca-
pacities of 100 million Btu/hour or less).
Keywords: 'Boilers, 'Air pollution control, Emission,
Standards, Exhaust gases. Models, Wood, Coal, Fuel
oil, 'Air pollution economics, Particulates.
PB89-203731/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Projected Impacts of Alternative New Source Per-
formance Standards for Small Industrlal-Commer-
clal-lnstltutional Fossil Fuel-Fired Boilers. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
May 89,151p EPA/450/3-89/017
The report presents projected national environmental
cost and energy impacts of alternative sulfur dioxide
(S02) and particulate matter (PM) air emission stand-
ards for new small industrial-commercial-institutional
steam generating units (small boilers) firing coal, oil,
and natural gas. The analysis examines projected im-
pacts in the fifth year following proposal of the stand-
ards. The report was prepared during development of
proposed new source performance standards (NSPS)
for small boilers.
Keywords: 'Boilers, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Air pollution con-
trol, Steam electric power generation, Fossil fuels,
Standards, Environmental impacts, Coal, Natural gas,
Fuel oils, Tables(Data), Industries, Performance eval-
uation, Cost overruns, Forecasting, United States, Par-
ticulates.
PBS0-203749/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Projected Impacts of Alternative Particulate
Matter New Source Performance Standards for In-
dustrial-Corn merclal-lnstitutional Nonfossll Fuel-
Fired Steam Generating Unite. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
May 89.20p EPA/450/3-89/18
The report presents projected national environmental,
cost, and energy impacts of alternative particulate
matter air emission standards for new small industrial-
commercial-institutional steam generating unite (small
boilers) firing wood. The analysis examinee projected
impacts in the fifth year following proposal of the
standards. The report was prepared during devetop-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ment of proposed new source performance standards
for small boilers.
Keywords: 'Boilers, "Air pollution control, 'Wood,
'Emission, 'Standards, Combustion products, Envi-
ronmental impacts, Exhaust gases, Forecasting, 'Par-
ticulates, Air pollution economics.
PB89-203756/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Radiation Data: Report 55, July-
September 1988. Quarterly rept.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Mar 89,46p EPA/520/5-89/011
See also PB89-135958.
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) contains data
from the Environmental Radiation Ambients Monitor-
ing System (ERAMS). Data from similar networks oper-
ated by contributing States, Canada, Mexico, and the
Pan American Health Organization are reported in the
ERD when available. The ERAMS is comprised of na-
tionwide sampling stations that provide air, surface
and drinking water and milk samples from which envi-
ronmental radiation levels are derived. Sampling loca-
tions are selected to provide optimal population cover-
age while functioning to monitor fallout from nuclear
devices and other forms of radioactive contamination
of the environment. The radiation analyses performed
on these samples include gross alpha and gross beta
levels, gamma analyses for fission products, and spe-
cific analyses for uranium, plutonium, strontium, iodine,
radium, krypton, and tritium.
Keywords'.	'Radioactive contaminants,
'Precipitation(Meteorology), 'Air pollution,
Tables(Data), Sampling, Sites, Water pollution, Moni-
tors, Canada, Mexico, *Air pollution sampling, 'Water
pollution sampling.
PB89-204333/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
Water Resourcee Data for North Carolina, Water
Year 1988. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 87-30
Sep 88,
Geological Survey, Raleigh, NC. Water Resources Div.
B. C. Ragland, R. G. Garrett, R. G. Barker, W. H.
SSiTS8'and J-F- Rinehardt. 31 Mar 89,431 p USGS/
WRD/HD-89/247, USGS/WDR/NC-88/1
See also report for 1987, PB88-212550.
Water resources data for the 1988 water year for North
Carolina consist of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes
and reservoirs; and groundwater levels. The report
contains discharge records for 171 gaging stations
and stage and contents for 26 lakes and reservoirs;
water quality for 35 gaging stations and 10 miscellane-
ous sites; and water levels for 43 observation wells.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'North
Carolina, Water pollution, Stream flow, Flow rate,
Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Tempera-
ture, Tables(Data), 'Water quality data, Hydrologic
data, Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB89-204739/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1):
Charles George Landfill, Massachusetts (Third
and Fourth Remedial Actions), September 1988.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 88,125p EPA/ROD/R01-88/029
The Charles George Landfill site is located approxi-
mately one mile southwest of the Town of Tyngsbor-
ough, Massachusetts. The 70-acre site is bounded by
Flint Pond Marsh (wetland area) and Flint Pond, Dun-
stable Brook, and the Cannongate Condominium com-
plex. Land use in the vicinity Is predominantly rural and
residential includes some fight industry and seasonal
livestock grazing. The landfill contains municipal waste
disposed of onsite from the mid-1950s until the landfill
closed in 1983. Hazardous industrial waste was also
disposed of primarily in the western area of the site
from 1973 until at least 1976. The site came to the at-
tention of the Massachusetts Department of Environ-
mental Quality Engineering when the deep bedrock
wells in use by the Cannongate Condominium complex
became contaminated with VOCs. The wells closed in
1982. EPA conducted ground water monitoring in 1981
and 1982 and also undertook emergency removal ac-
tions beginning in August 1983 and continuing through
March 1984. The ROD encompasses the third and
fourth operable units and focuses on the control and
cleanup of contaminants that have spread or are
spreading from the site, including the treatment of
leachate collected as part of the cap system. The se-
lected remedial action for this site is outlined.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, 'Organic
compounds, Public health, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, Cost analysis, Water reclamation,
'Charles George Landfill, 'Solid waste management,
'Superfund program, 'Land reclamation, 'Municipal
wastes, 'Environmental research, 'Remedial action,
'Tyngsborough(Massachusetts), Liquid waste dispos-
al.
PB89-204747/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1):
Landfill and Resource Recovery, Rhode Island
(First Remedial Action), September 1988. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 88,118p EPA/ROD/R01 -88/032
The Landfill and Resource Recovery (L and RR) site is
located in North Smithfield, Rhode Island, and consists
of a 28-acre landfill and a sand and gravel pit. The site
is a former sand and gravel pit that began accepting
domestic, commercial, and industrial wastes in 1927.
In 1983, the Rhode Island Department of Health in-
stalled monitoring wells onsite to ensure compliance
with State regulations, and based on sampling results,
ordered the site closed. Upon final closure in 1985 the
owners covered 80 percent of the landfill area with one
foot of sand, another synthetic cover and topsoil.
Eighteen gas vents were installed to vent gases under-
lying the synthetic cover. The selected remedial action
for this site includes: access restrictions; stabilization
of the steep side slopes of the landfill and installation
of a RCRA cap over the entire landfill, with revegeta-
tion; collection and thermal destruction of underlying
gases.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'Waste disposal, 'Earthfills, Sites, Water pollution,
Air pollution, vaporizing, Hydrogen sulfide, Methane,
Benzene, Toulene, Capping, Soil stabilization, Excava-
tion, Rhode Island, Record of Decision, First Remedial
Action, 'Superfund, North Smithfield(Rhode Island),
Revegetation.
PB89-204754/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1):
Old Springfield Landfill, Vermont (First Remedial
Action), September 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
22 Sep 88,215p EPA/ROD/R01 -88/033
The Old Springfield Landfill site is located approxi-
mately one mile southwest of the city center in Spring-
field, Windsor County, Vermont. Four areas of con-
tamination have been identified at the site where in-
dustrial waste was either disposed of in discrete
trenches or mixed with the municipal waste. Thepri-
mary contaminants are VOCs including benzene, PCE,
TCE, toluene, and other organics including PCBs and
PAHs. The selected remedial action for this site in-
cludes: construction of an underground collection
system to collect leachate; installation of wells for ex-
traction of contaminated ground water; onsite treat-
ment of the collected leacnate and extracted ground
water.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'Waste disposal, Earth fills, Sites, Water pollution,
Soils, Contamination, Ground water, Extraction, Va-
porizing, Benzene, Toluene, Collecting methods,
Sewage treatment, Vermont, Record of Decision, First
Remedial Action, 'Superfund, Windsor
County(Vermont), Leachates.
PB89-204762/HSU
PC A04/MF A01
vania. Smelting operations were conducted in the west
plant from 1898 to 1987, and in the east plant from
1911 to present. Primary smelting of concentrated zinc
sulfide ores, conducted until December 1980, resulted
in the emission of large quantities of zinc, lead, cadmi-
um, and sulfer dioxide. This air pollution caused defo-
liation of over 2,000 acres of vegetation in the vicinity
of the east smelter. Between 1898 and 1987 process
residue and other plant wastes were disposed of on
Cinder Bank, a 2.5-mile, 2,000-acre waste pile. The se-
lected remedial action for the site includes: slope
modification, capping, and application of a vegetative
cover on Cinder Bank; construction of surface water
diversion channels; surface water and leachate collec-
tion and treatment using lime-activated filtration la-
goons and/or constructed wetlands; implementation
of an inspection, monitoring, and maintenance plan;
and wetlands restoration measures, if necessary.
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste
disposal, Sites, Water pollution, Smelters, Cadmium,
Lead(Metal), Zinc, Capping, Ground water, Runoff,
Sediments, Diverting, Channel flow, Slopes, Vegeta-
tion, Record of Decision, First Remedial Action, 'Su-
perfund, Carbon County(Pennsylvania),
Palmerton(Pennsylvania).
PB89-204770/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Montgomery Township Housing Development,
New Jersey (Second Remedial Action), June 88.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 May 88,63p EPA/ROD/R02-88/060
The Montgomery Township Housing Development
(MTHD) site is located in Somerset County, New
Jersey. The Rocky Hill Municipal Wellfield (RHMW)
Superfund site is also covered by the remedial action
because of its proximity to the MTHD and the similarity
of the contaminants present. The 72-acre MTHD site is
a development which includes 71 private homes, with
an additional 6 homes affected by the contamination in
the surrounding residential areas. The RHMW consists
of a two-acre tract of land in the Borough of Rocty HHI,
which supplies public water to the residents of Rocky
Hill. The selected remedial action for this site includes:
ground water pump and treatment using air stripping
and reinjection of the treated water back into the aqui-
fer.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'Waste disposal, Sites, Water pollution, Ground
water, Water wells, Pumping, Water treatment, Record
of Decision, First Remedial Action, 'Superfund, Trich-
loroethylene, Somerset County(New Jersey).
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Palmerton Zinc Pile, Pennsylvania (Second Reme-
dial Action), September 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 May 88,64p EPA/ROD/R03-88/063
The Palmerton Zinc site is composed of two locations
in the Borough of Palmerton, Carbon County, Pennsyl-
PB89-204788/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6k
French Limited, Texas (First R(media) Action),
March 1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
24 Mar 88,96p EPA/ROD/R06-88/030
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The French Limited, Inc. (FLI) site, a 22.5-acre tract of
land, is located in Harris County, Texas. The site is sit-
uated one mile east of the San Jacinto River. The
entire site is within the 100-year flood plain of the River
and has flooded frequently in the past Between 1966
and 1972, approximately 300,000 cu yds of industrial
wastes from area petrochemical companies were de-
posited in an unlined 7.3-acre pit, formerly an active
sand pit. In 1982, the U.S. EPA conducted an Immedi-
ate Removal Action (IRA). The dike was repaired and
the majority of discharged sludges were pumped back
into the pit. Sludge ana soil from the waste pit and ad-
jacent slough include the following primary contami-
nants: PCBs, PCP, organics, VOCs, metals, and ar-
senic. The selected remedial action for this site In-
cludes: in-situ biodegradation of sludges and contami-
nated soils with aeration of the lagoon waste for degra-
dation enhancement; stabilization of residues; and
ground water pump and treatment
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Organic compounds, 'Hazard-
ous materials, 'Waste disposal, Sites, Water pollution.
Industrial wastes, Ground water, Sludge disposal
Pumping, Monitoring, Soils, Biodeterioratton, Aeration.
Lagoons(Ponds), Waste treatment. Cost estimates.
Texas, Record of Decision, First Remedial Action,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
'Superfund, Harris County(Texas), Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls.
PB89-204796/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
Sol Lynn/Industrial Transformers, Texas (First
Remedial Action), September 1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
23 Sep 88,52p EPA/ROD/R06-88/040
See also PB89-128367.
The Sol Lynn site, also known as Industrial Transform-
ers site, is located in Houston, Texas. The area around
the three-quarter-acre site is a mix of residential, com-
mercial, and light industrial facilities. Approximately
2,000 residents and 100,000 other people move within
a one-mile radius of the site on a daily basis due to rec-
reational activities associated with the area. The site
operated as an electrical transformer salvage and re-
cycling company between 1971 and 1978, and as a
chemical recycling and supply company from 1979
through 1980. The first documented investigation of
this site took place during the fall of 1971 when the
City of Houston Water Pollution Control Division noted
that workers at Industrial Transformers poured oil out
at electrical transformers onto the ground during trans-
former dismantling. In 1981, strong odors originating
from the site were Drought to the attention of the Texas
Department of Water Resources, the predecessor
agency of the Texas Water Commission (TWC).
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'Waste disposal, Sites, Water pollution, Soils,
Transformers, Chlorine organic compounds, Biphenyl,
Waste treatment, Texas, Record of Decision, First Re-
medial Action, "Superfund, Trichloroethylene,
HoustonfTexas).
PB89-204804/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Suoerfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
South Valley (SJ-6), New Mexico (Third Remedial
Action), September 1986.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Sep 88,62p EPA/ROD/R06-88/041
See also PB85-249555.
The South Valley/SJ-6 site is located on the southern
margin of Albuquerque, New Mexico, just north of
South Valley. Currently, petroleum fuels and various
chlorinated organics are stored, handled and used
within the South Valley areas. Ground water contami-
nation was first suspected in 1978 when foul tastes
and odors were noted in ground water from a private
wed on the Edmunds property in South Valley. Subse-
quent sampling revealed the presence of several
VOCs In three municipal wells including SJ-6. The re-
medial action addresses only the source and extent of
around water contamination in the vicinity of SJ-6.
Principle threats at the site (i.e., the source and ema-
nating plumes of contamination from surrounding
areas) are being addressed through remedial actions
Initiated by EPA in separate RODs. The primary con-
taminants of concern affecting the ground water are
VOCs including 1,1-DCE, PCE and TCE. The selected
remedial action for the site is included.
Keywords: 'Site surveys, 'Hazardous materials, 'In-
dustrial wastes, 'Waste disposal, Ground water, Water
pollution, Cost analysis, Solvents, Petroleum products,
Substitutes, Public health, Storage, 'Superfund pro-
gram. 'Remedial action, 'Municipal wastes,
X£uquerque(New Mexico), Volatile organic com-
pounds.
PM0-2O4812/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region #):
South VaHey (PL-83), New Mexico (First Remedial
Action). September 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Sep 88,77p EPA/ROD/R06-88/043
See also PB89-204804.
The former Air Force Plant 83/General Electric Opera-
ble Unit (PL-83) in Albuquerque, New Mexico is sltuat-
od in an industrial area, but there are residences imme-
dUtely north of the GE property. The contaminants
Which caused the listing of the South Valley site on the
NPL consisted mainly of industrial solvents. The GE
property is heavily built up, with the matortty of the site
paved or covered with buildings. Three areas of con-
tamination have been identified at the site: four haz-
ardous waste storage areas which were used for
chemical storage, the north parking lot (a former dirt
parking lot which was sprayed with oil as a dust control
measure), and the DWB-2 area which contains methyl-
ene chloride and freon contamination. In addition to
soil contamination, ground water contamination occurs
at depths of up to 160 feet. The primary contaminants
of concern affecting the ground water and soil are
VOCs including PCE, and metals. The selected reme-
dial action for the site is given.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Waste dis-
posal, 'Site surveys, Metals, Public health, Chloro-
methanes, Water pollution, Cost analysis, Licenses,
'Superfund program, 'Land reclamation, *EPA region
6, 'Remedial action, 'Environmental research, 'Liquid
waste disposal, *Albuquerque(New Mexico), Volatile
organic compounds.
PB89-204820/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 7):
Fulbright/ SAC River Landfill, Missouri (First Re-
medial Action), September 1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Sep 88,43p EPA/ROD/R07-88/030
The Fulbright and Sac River Landfills are located just
north of the City of Springfield, Missouri, in a semirural
area. The landfills were operated by the city for the dis-
posal of municipal and industrial solid wastes. The site,
however, could endanger human health or the environ-
ment in the future through exposure of the industrial
wastes through erosion of the landfill cover. The se-
lected remedial action for this site includes: removal of
the drum and drum remnants found in the sinkhole and
associated trench east of the Fulbright Landfill; sam-
pling the removed contents to determine hazardous
characteristics; proper offsite treatment or disposal.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
'Earthfills, Sites, Water pollution, Cyanides, Industrial
wastes, Ground water, Surface waters, Record of De-
cision, First remedial action, 'Superfund,
Springfield(Missouri).
PB89-204838/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 7):
Shenandoah Stables, Missouri (First Remedial
Action), July 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington* DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
28 Jul 88,25p EPA/ROD/R07-88/012
The Shenandoah Stables (SS) site is located in a rural
area near Moscow Mills, Lincoln County, Missouri, ap-
proximately 35 miles northwest of St. Louis, Missouri.
The property includes an enclosed arena and horse
stables. In May 1971, the area inside the arena was
sprayed with dioxin-contaminated waste oil for dust
control purposes. Investigations were conducted by
EPA in May 1982, which indicated continued exterior
and interior contamination of the facility by dioxin at
levels greater than 1,750 micrograms/kg. The select-
ed remedial action for this site includes: excavation of
all dioxin-contaminated surface soil exceeding 1 mi-
crograms/kg with continued excavation until a residual
concentration of 5 to 10 micrograms/kg at the 2 to 4-
foot depth is reached in the arena and slough, or exca-
vation until bedrock is encountered, with backfilling of
excavated area.
Keywords: 'Chlorine organic compounds, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, Sites, Water pollution,
Herbicides, Soils, Contamination, OAs, Structures, Ex-
cavation, Decontamination, Storage, Missouri, Record
of Decision, First Remedial Action, 'Superfund, Dioxin,
Lincoln CountytMissourl),
PB89-204848/H8U	PC A11 /MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9):
South Bay Asbestos Area, California (First Reme-
dial Action), September 1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 88; 241p EPA/ROD/R09-88/026
The South Bay Asbestos (SBA) site is located at the
northern end of the Santa Clara VaHey and at the
southernmost extent of San Francisco Bay, in Alviso,
California. The site is within an area of approximately
330 acres, and is comprised of a mixture of residential,
commercial, light industrial, and agricultural land uses.
In August 1983, an excavation occurred on property
owned by the City of San Jose involving the construc-
tion of an outfall structure at the Guadalupe River
levee. The excavation revealed asbestos contamina-
tion ranging from 20 to 40 percent by area. The select-
ed remedial action for the ring levee includes: stripping
and rough grading of the levee; placement of a com-
pacted soil layer and a top soil cover followed by reve-
getation to prevent erosion. The estimated present
worth cost for this remedial action is $2,374,700.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste
disposal, 'Santa Clara Valley, Sites, Water pollution,
Soils, Contamination, Removal, Soil compacting,
Grading(Earthworking), Erosion control, Slopes, Cali-
fornia, Record of Decision, First Remedial Action, 'Su-
perfund, Alvista(California), Revegetation.
PB89-204853/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9):
Selma Pressure Treating Company, California
(First Remedial Action), September 88.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
24 Sep 88,123p EPA/ROD/R09-88/025
The Selma Pressure Treating Company is located in
Selma, California, 15 miles south of the City of Fresno.
The site encompasses approximately 18 acres, includ-
ing a 3 to 4-acre wood treatment facility and 14 acres
of adjacent vineyards that were used for site drainage.
Wood preserving activities using pentachlorophenol
(PCP) were conducted at the site from 1942 until 1965
under a series of owners. In 1965, a new facility was
constructed converting operations to a pressure treat-
ing process using chemical preservatives. Prior to
1982, wastes generated from spent retort fluids and
sludges were discharged to drainage and percolation
ditches, dry wells, and an unlined pond and sludge pit,
as well as onto open ground and the adjacent vine-
yards. An inspection conducted by EPA in 1981 raised
concerns about the potential for ground water con-
tamination, and as a result the company was required
to modify its operations to minimize the potential for
contamination. The primary contaminants of concern
affecting the ground water and soil are organics includ-
ing dioxin and phenols, and metals including arsenic
and chromium. The selected remedial action for the
site is included.
Keywords: 'Site surveys, 'Industrial wastes, 'Wood
preservatives, 'Waste disposal, 'Hazardous materials,
Cost analysis, Water pollution, Ground water, Soils,
Drinking water, Public health, Substitutes, Phenols,
Metals, Arsenic, Chromium, 'Superfund program, 'Re-
medial action, 'Land reclamation, 'Selma(Califomia),
Dioxins, Phenol/pentachloro.
PB89-204861/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9):
Motorola (82nd Street Plant), Phoenix, Arizona
(First Remedial Action), September 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Sep 88,48p EPA/ROD/R09-88/024
The Motorola 52nd Street site is located in the City of
Phoenix, Maricopa County, Arizona. The site is bound-
ed by the Phoenix Military Reservation and mixed resi-
dential and commercial neighborhoods. The site is cur-
rently owned by Motorola, Inc., which operates a man-
ufacturing facility at the site using solvents for various
manufacturing processes. In January 1983, Motorola
tested some underground storage tanks used to store
virgin solvents for leaks and determined that a 5,000-
gallon tank containing TCA was leaking. Subsequently
investigation indicated soil and ground water contami-
nation on the plant site and ground water contamina-
tion offsite to the west Motorola initiated an onsite
ground water treatment program in 1986, a Riot Treat-
ment Plant (PTP). The PTP is still in operation. The se-
lected remedy requires partial cleanup of onsite and
offsite organic solvents contamination in the soil and
alluvium ground water. A subsequent remedial action
will address cleanup of all onsite and offsite contami-
nation in the soil, alluvium ground water, and the bed-
rock underlying the alluvium. The primary contaminant
of concern affecting the soil and ground water is TCA.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Site surveys, 'Organic compounds, 'Organic sol-
vents, Ground water, Public health, Water pollution,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Water reclamation, "Superfund program, "Land recla-
mation, "Environmental research, 'Remedial action,
"Phoenix(Arizona).
PB89-205124/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Injury and Yield Response of Cotton to Chronic
Doses of Ozone and Soil Moisture Deficit. Journal
article.
Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD.
A. S. Heagle, J. E. Miller, W. W. Heck, and R. P.
Patterson. C1988,12p EPA/600/ J-88/304
Pub in Jnl. of Environmental Quality, v17 n4 p627-635,
1988. See also PB89-144422. Prepared in cooperation
with North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. Sponsored
by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Plant response to ozone (03) is Known to be modified
by soil moisture deficit, which occurs in varying de-
grees during most growing seasons. Thus, the authors
examined tne response of cotton (Gossypium hirsu-
tum) to different levels of seasonal stress by 03 when
grown at two soil moisture levels. The cotton was ex-
posed for 12 h/d in open-top field chambers to five 03
doses under well-watered (WW) conditions or under
water-stressed (WS) conditions with periodic cycles of
low soil moisture. Exposures began when the fifth
leaves were expanding and continued for 124 d when
most leaves were chiorotic or had abscised. Ozone
caused significant yield loss in WW plots but not in WS
plots. Results indicate that soil moisture deficit can de-
crease the impact of 03 on cotton yield.
Keywords: 'Ozone, "Stress(Physiology),	'Cotton
plants, 'Droughts, Injuries, Yield, Losses,	Dosage,
Field tests, Soil water, Moisture	content,
Leaves(Botany), Color, Reprints, Air	pollution
effect8(Plants), 'Gossypium hirsutum.
PB89-205611 /HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Methods for Aquatic Toxicity identification Eval-
uations. Phase 3. Toxicity Confirmation Proce-
dures. Technical rept.
National Effluent Toxicity Assessment Center, Duluth,
MN.
D. I. Mount. Feb 89,28p EPA/600/3-88/036, TR-04-
88
See also PB89-207005.
Various procedures are described that provide evi-
dence that the suspected toxicants in effluents are the
actual toxicants. These procedures include: correla-
tion, symptoms, relative sensitivity, spiking, mass bal-
ance, and miscellaneous procedures.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Water pollution, 'Pesticides,
'Hazardous materials, Water pollution sampling, Con-
centration, Evaluation, Phosphorous organic com-
pounds, Suspended sediments, Carbon compounds,
pH, Species specificity. Mass balance.
PB89-205934/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Procedures for Completion and Deletion of Na-
tional Priorities List Sites.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Apr 89,44p EPA/540/G-89/002, OSWER
DIRECTIVE-9320.2-3A
Also available from Supt. of Docs.
The document focuses on the technical requirements
that have been developed to determine the completion
of cleanup at Superfund sites and the subsequent pro-
cedural requirements for deleting sites from the Na-
tional Priorities List (NPL). The guidance does not
apply to sites that are removed from the NPL so that
action can be taken under a different authority or to
proposed sites that do not get placed on the final NPL.
Expected users of the document include EPA person-
nel states, and responsible parties involved in comple-
tion of cleanup activities at Superfund sites. The roles
and responsibilities of all parties are herein described.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Waste disposal,
"Decontamination, Guidelines, State government,
Ranking, Reporting, "Superfund program, "Remedial
action, "National priorities list, Compliance, Program
evaluation, Administrative procedures.
PB89-2059S9/HSU	^ P? A^^F A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Assessment of International Technologies for Su-
perfund Applications - Technology Identification
and Selection. Final rept. Jul 87-May 89.
Alliance Technologies Corp., Bedford, MA.
T. Nunno, J. Hyman, P. Spawn, J. Healy, and C.
Spears. May 89,292p' EPA/600/2-89/017
Contract EPA-68-03-3243
Also available from Supt. of Docs. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Re-
duction Engineering Lab.
The report summarizes the results of Phase I of a pro-
gram to identify and assess international technologies
that could be utilized for hazardous waste site remedi-
ation within the United States. Data was obtained
through a comprehensive literature survey and through
telephone contacts/interviews with agencies, indus-
tries, vendors, research groups, and others involved in
the development and marketing of technologies. Em-
phasis was placed on technologies that have been de-
veloped and/or applied in Europe, Japan, and Canada.
The factors considered in assessing the applicability of
each technology were: function, operating descrip-
tions, performance, limitations, economics, and cur-
rent status. All remedial technologies identified as a
result of the Phase I activities are described in the
report.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Bibliographies,
"Waste disposal. Abstracts, Tables(Data), United
States, Performance evaluation, Industrial waste treat-
ment, Design criteria, Economic analysis, Europe, For-
eign countries, Technology assessment, 'Foreign
technology, "Superfund program, 'Remedial action,
"Environmental research, "Technology utilization.
PB89-205967/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Ecological Assessment of Hazardous Waste
Sites: A Field and Laboratory Reference.
Kilkelly Environmental Associates, Inc., Raleigh, NC.
W. Warren-Hicks, B. R. Parkhurst, and S. S. Baker. Mar
89,301 p* EPA/600/3-89/013
Contract EPA-68-03-3439
Also available from Supt. of Docs. Presented at a
workshop held in Seattle, WA. on July 25-27, 1988.
Prepared in cooperation with Western Aquatics, Inc.,
Laramie, WY. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., OR.
The document discusses the scientific basis for as-
sessing adverse ecological effects at hazardous waste
sites (HWSs), and presents methods for evaluating the
on-site and off-site ecological effects of HWSs. The
methods are intended for implementation in the early
phases of the HWS evaluation process and should be
used as integral parts of HWS evaluations. The docu-
ment is intended for use by administrative and scientif-
ic personnel with a strong background in the environ-
mental sciences, including laboratory and field proce-
dures, and environmental assessment strategies.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Environmental sur-
veys, 'Ecology, "Waste disposal, Field tests, Design
criteria, Toxicity, Quality assurance, Quality control,
Exposure, Water pollution, "Toxic substances, "Land
pollution, Superfund program, Biological indicators,
Environmental monitoring, Maximum permissible ex-
posure.
PB89-205975/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Application of Radon Reduction Methods (Re-
vised).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
R. B. Mosley, and D. B. Henschel. Apr 89,111p EPA/
625/5-88/024
Also available from Supt. of Docs. See also PB89-
122162.
The purpose of the manual is to provide guidance in di-
agnosing radon problems in houses as well as in se-
lecting, designing, and installing radon reduction sys-
tems. The organization of the manual is designed to
guide the user through decision making by stages to
the point of operating and maintaining a successful
radon reduction system. Note that advice is provided
on choosing a professional mitigator to recommend
and/or install a mitigation system. The present docu-
ment focuses on actions that can be taken to reduce
the risks associated with indoor radon exposure once
a problem has been recognized.
Keywords: "Radon, "Air pollution control, Houses,
Manuals, Design criteria. Air cleaning systems, Ventila-
tion, Radiation hazards, Maintenance, Operation,
Pressurizing, Public health, Radiation monitors, Seal-
ing, "Indoor air pollution, "Remedial action, "Pollution
abatement, Diagnostic techniques, Mitigation, Environ-
mental transport.
PB89-2059B3/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Volumetric Tank Testing: An Overview.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
Apr 89,38p EPA/625/9-89/009
Also available from Supt. of Docs.
The objectives of the program were to: provide data to
support the development of new EPA regulations-
define the performance of the current technology;
make recommendations to improve current practice;
provide information that would help users select suita-
ble leak detection systems. The major findings of the
EPA study are: Volumetric test methods are capable of
meeting regulatory requirements to achieve a perform-
ance level that meets the regulatory requirements; to
achieve a performance level that meets the regulatory
requirements, most volumetric test methods need
modification; in most cases, the area in need of modifi-
cation is the testing procedure, not the instrumenta-
tion. Generally, the instrumentation is intrinsically
sound.
Keywords: "Storage tanks, 'Underground storage
"Tests, "Leakage, Detection, Performance, TestfacNlI
ties, Measurement.
PB89-206023/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Five Year Program Strategy for the Great Lakes
National Program Office, FY 1989-1993.
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Dec 88,94p EPA/905/9-89/001, GLNPO-89/1
Also available from Supt. of Docs. See also PB88-
107984.
Contents: The Great Lakes National Program Offlce-
The Great Lakes Ecosystem; Current Great Lakes
Water Quality Problems; Regulator and Remedial
Programs; The Clean Water Act; The Great Lakes
Water Quality Agreement; A Five Year Program Strate-
gy; Environmental Management Plans; Remedial Ac-
tivities; Research; Technology Development and
Transfer; International/lnteragency/lntra-agency Co-
ordination; Public Education and Involvement
Keywords: "Research projects, "Water quality man-
agement, 'Great Lakes, Monitoring, Project planning.
Agreements, Toxicity, Limnology, Fishes, Sediments!
Technology transfer, Hydrology, International rela-
tions, Canada, United States, 'Eutrophication, Reme-
dial action, Water quality Agreement of 1987.
PB89-206163/HSU	PC AOS
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region Si:
United Scrap Lead, Troy, Ohio (First Remedial
Action) September 1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Sep 88,78p EPA/ROD/R05-88/085
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The United Scrap Lead (USL) site is located in a
sparsely populated area approximately one mile south
of the City of Troy, Concord Township, Miami Countv
Ohio. From 1946 to 1980, the site was used by a lead
reclamation business, reclaiming lead from used auto-
mobile batteries and selling it to lead shelters. The
lead reclamation operation involved the separation of
the batteries from their casings and tops, collection of
the lead plates for reprocessing, and this disposal of
the tops and castings onsite. Trie acid was originallv
discharged directly to an acid seepage field, but begin,
ning in late 1972, the acid was neutralized with ammo-
nia prior to discharge. The site first came to the atten-
tion of authorities in June 1967 when USL requested a
permit to continue to dispose of the battery casinos In
the back portion of the property. Subsequent testina of
the wastewater indicated nigh levels of lead, cadmium
and other toxic materials. In November 1985 the EPA
Region V Emergency Response Section initiated an
emergency removal action. This action removed tha
contaminated soil and waste materials from the immZ
diate vicinity of the surrounding residences and placed
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
them in a large pile onsite. The primary contaminants
of concern affecting the soil and sediments include
lead. The selected remedial action for this site is given.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes,
'Lead(Metal), 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, Public
health, Water pollution, Solid waste disposal, Cost
analysis, Arsenic, Licenses, 'Superfund program,
'Land reclamation, 'Municipal wastes, *EPA region 5,
•Remedial action, 'Environmental research,
'Troy(Ohio), Liquid waste disposal.
PM9-206171/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
United Nuclear Corporation, McKinley County,
New Mexico, Groundwater Operable Unit (First
Remedial Action) September 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Sep 88,139p EPA/ROD/RO6-88/044
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The United Nuclear Corporation (UNC) site is located
approximately 17 miles northeast of Gallup, New
Mexico in McKinley County. The site operated as a
State-licensed uranium mill facility from June 1977 to
May 1982. It includes an ore processing mill (about 25
acres) and an unlined tailings pond area (about 100
acres). In July 1979, approximately 23 million gallons
of tailings and pond water were released to a nearby
river as a result of a dam breach in the tailings pond
area. The site damage was repaired; however, atten-
tion was focused on ground water contamination re-
sulting from tailings seepage. Nevertheless, the offsite
migration of radionuclides and chemical constituents
from uranium milling byproduct materials into the
ground water, as well as to surface water and air, are
still principal threats at the site. The remedial action
will address onsite ground water contamination.
Source control and onsite surface reclamation will be
Implemented under the direction of the Nuclear Regu-
latory Commission and integrated with this ground
water operable unit. The primary contaminants of con-
cern affecting the ground water are metals including
arsenic, and radioactive substances including radium-
226/228 and gross alpha. The selected remedial
action for the site is Included.
Keywords: 'Site surveys, 'Waste disposal, 'Uranium
ore deposits, 'Tailings, Ground water, Cost analysis,
Metals, Arsenic, Radioactive materials, Water pollu-
tion, Radium 226, Radium 228, 'Mine wastes, 'Super-
fund program, 'Remedial action, 'McKinley
Courtty(New Mexico), 'Radioactive wastes.
PM9-206189/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Ambler Asbestos Plies, Amblsr, Pennsylvania
(First Remedial Action) September 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Sep 88,187p EPA/ROD/R03-88/057
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Ambler Asbestos Piles site is located in the south-
western portion of the Borough of Ambler, Montgom-
ery County, Pennsylvania. Land around the site Is used
for industrial, residential, commercial, and transporta-
tion purposes. The site consists of four distinct areas
of asbestos contamination. The waste piles of concern
are the Locust Street Pile and the Plant Pile. The K&M
Company owned and operated the site from the late
18008 to 1962, and produced asbestos products such
as paper, millboard, electrical insulation, linings, con-
veyor belts, and high pressure packings. The primary
wastes generated and disposed of in the Locust Street
and Plant Piles during that period were spent magnesi-
um/calcium (from pharmaceutical operations) and as-
bestos process waste. In 1962, CertainTeed Corpora-
Don purchased a portion of the site and facilities from
K&M and manufactured asbestos-cement pipe at the
plant EPA and the Pennsylvania Department of Envi-
ronmental Resources conducted their first investiga-
tion of the site in 1971, noting visible emissions and
substantial dust concentrations attributed to asbestos.
Subsequent investigation of the surface water, bulk
waste samples and air samples in 1983 revealed as-
bestos contamination. The selected remedial action
tor this site is given.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Asbestos,
'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, 'Hazardous materials,
public health, Air pollution, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal. Licenses, Cost analysis, Asbestos de-
posits, 'Superfund program, 'Solid waste manage-
ment, 'Land reclamation, 'Remedial action, 'Environ-
mental research, 'Ambler(Pennsylvania).
PB89-206197/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Avtex Fibers NPL Site - Operable Unit One, Front
Royal, Virginia (First Remedial Action) September
1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Sep 88,80p EPA/ROD/R03-88/055
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The 440-acre Avtex Fibers site is located in Front
Royal, Warren County, Virginia. The Avtex Fibers site
has produced rayon fibers since 1940, polyester be-
tween 1970 and 1977, and polypropylene since 1985.
During this 46-year period, byproducts from the rayon
manufacturing process were disposed of in onsite sur-
face impoundments. These byproducts included
sodium cellulose xanthate-based viscose and zinc-hy-
droxide sludge. Fly ash (from incinerator exhaust air
pollution control devices) and boiler house solids were
disposed of in five other surface impoundments. Land
disposal of viscose waste ceased in 1983; since that
time, the waste has been routed directly to an onsite
wastewater treatment plant. In 1982, carbon disulfide,
a constituent of viscose waste, was identified in
ground water samples from residential wells located
across the Shenandoah River from the site. In re-
sponse to the results of a ground water investigation,
Avtex implemented interim measures, which included
purchasing 23 subdivision properties on the west side
of the river that had contaminated domestic wells, and
initiating a ground water pump and treatment program.
The pnmary contaminants of concern affecting the
ground water are phenols, and metals including ar-
senic and lead. The selected remedial action for this
site is given.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
wastes, 'Site surveys, Public health, Water pollution,
Solid waste disposal, Cost analysis, Licenses, Arsenic,
Lead(Metal), Phenols, 'Superfund program, 'Solid
waste disposal, 'Land reclamation, 'Environmental re-
search, 'Remedial action, 'Front Royal(Virginia), Sur-
face impoundments, Liquid waste disposal.
PB89-20620S/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Delaware Sand and Gravel Site, New Castle, Dela-
ware (First Remedial Action) April 1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
22 Apr 88,89p EPA/ROD/R03-88/048
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Delaware Sand and Gravel Landfill is an inactive
industrial waste landfill located in New Castle County,
Delaware. The 27-acre site is approximately two miles
southwest of the City of New Castle on Grantham
Lane, west of Route 9, and less than one mile east of
the intersections of Routes 13 and 40. Wastes are lo-
cated in four smaller areas on the property. The small-
er areas are referred to as the Drum Disposal, Inert
Disposal, Ridge, and Grantham South areas. Wastes
disposed on site include household and construction
waste and approximately 7,000 drums containing in-
dustrial liquids and sludges. Since no significant air or
surface water and sediment contamination was de-
tected, it was determined no risks were posed by these
media. The following three areas were found to
present potential risk to the public health and the envi-
ronment: risk posed by groundwater ingestion; and soil
ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact, and site
access. Selective remedial action Is outlined.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys. Public health, Water
pollution, water treatment. Ground water, 'Superfund
program, 'Land reclamation, 'Municipal wastes, 'En-
vironmental research, 'Remedial action, 'New Castle
County(Delaware), Land pollution.
PB89-206213/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5y.
Mason County Landfill, Mason County, Michigan
(First Remedial Action) September 19M.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emeraency and Remedial Response.
28 Sep 88,11 EPA/ROD/RO5-88/O0O
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Mason County Landfill site is located three miles
south of the City of Ludington, Mason County, Michi-
gan. The site occupies approximately 18 acres of a
predominantly rural area in Pere Marquette Township.
Approximately 10 acres of the site were used as a
landfill. Less than 500 feet from the landfill there is a
wetland area which drains into the headwaters of Iris
Creek. There are 14 residential wells within a 0.5 mile
radius of the landfill. The population within a 3-mile
radius of the site is estimated to be 1,112. Although the
Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR)
documented that slurry and sludge wastes from local
industries were being dumped at the landfill, the site's
license was renewed annually until it was closed in
August 1978 after reaching capacity. Public concerns
over the water quality in Iris Creek prompted the DPW
and MDNR to review closure activities. The site is cur-
rently owned by Mason County. In 1983, a clay cap
was installed over the landfill and berms, and storm
drains were constructed to Improve site drainage. Two
surface aerators were installed in Babbin Pond to fa-
cilitate biodegradation of organic matter and 15 gas
vents were placed in the top of the landfill. The primary
contaminants of concern affecting the ground water
are VOCs including benzene, PCE, TCE, and xylene.
The selected remedial action for the site is outlined.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, 'Orgjuiic
compounds, Public health, Water pollution, Solid
waste disposal, 'Solid waste management, 'Super-
fund program, 'Land reclamation, 'Municipal wastes,
'Remedial action, 'Mason County(Michigan), Liquid
waste disposal.
PB89-206221/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region S):
Allied Chemical/lronton Coke Site, ironton, Ohio
(Second Rsmsdlal Action) September 1988. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 88,89p EPA/ROD/R05-88/078
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Allied Chemical site is located in the City of Iron-
ton, Lawrence County, Ohio. The remedial action ad-
dresses the Goldcamp Disposal Area (GDA) operable
unit of the site. The GDA was a sand and gravel pit
used for disposal of various chemical wastes from
three sources between 1945 and 1977. In 1977, Allied
decided to discontinue use of the GDA for disposal of
chemical wastes. Allied and its contractor, in consulta-
tion with the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency
(OEPA), completed a closure project at the site in
August 1980, which involved removal of standing liq-
uids and filling and capping the site with clay. Subse-
quent hydrogeologic and water quality investigations
indicated that there is ground water contamination at
the site which may pose a threat to public health
through migration. The primary contaminants of con-
cern affecting the soil and ground water are VOCs in-
cluding benzene, other organics including phenols and
PAHs, and inorganics including cyanide. The selected
remedial action for the site is included.
Keywords: 'Site surveys, 'Industrial wastes, "Chemi-
cal industry, 'Waste disposal, 'Coking, 'Hazardous
materials. Ground water, Soils, Metals, Inorganic com-
pounds, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Cost anal-
ysis, Water pollution, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial
action, 'Lawrence County(Ohio), 'Land reclamation,
Landfill covers, Volatile organic compounds, Contin-
gency planning.
PB89-206239/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Fort Wayne Reduction, Fort Wayne, Indiana (First
Remedial Action) August 1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
28 Aug 88,136p EPA/ROD/R05-88/075
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The 35-acre Fort Wayne site (FW) is a former munici-
pal landfill/waste disposal facility located along the
Maumee River just east of the city of Fort Wayne, Allen
County, Indiana. Two onsite areas are designated as
wetlands. In addition, the site lies within a 100-year
flood plain. The site accepted residential and industrial
wastes from 1967 to 1978. From May 1967 to August
1970, FW was issued a county permit for public dis-
posal of garbage and rubbish. Wastes were Incinerat-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ed and the residual ash disposed of onsite. In 1970,
FW changed its name to National Recycling Corpora-
tion. All solid waste was to be processed through the
plant. It was torn down in 1985. Inspection reports indi-
cated that deposited refuse included: industrial and
liquid wastes, municipal wastes, garbage, paper, and
wood. The site consists of two characteristically differ-
ent areas reflecting its historical use: the eastern half
of the site was used as the municipal/general refuse
landfill (approximately 15 acres), and the western half
of the site (approximately 5 acres) was used for dis-
posal of industrial wastes, building debris, barrels of
unidentified wastes, and residual ash from earlier incin-
eration operations. Presently, soil and ground water
are contaminated with 43 chemicals of concern includ-
ing: metals, organics, PCBs, PAHs, phenols, and
VOCs. The selected remedial action for the site is in-
cluded.
Keywords: "Site surveys, 'Earth fills, 'Waste disposal,
'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial wastes, Sewage
treatment, Ground water, Soils, Water pollution, Cost
analysis, Flood plains, Substitutes, 'Municipal wastes,
'Allen County(lndiana), 'Remedial action, Superfund
program, Wetlands.
PB89-206247/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1):
Boston and Maine Wastewater Lagoon*, Iron
Horn Park, North Billerlca, Massachusetts (First
Remedial Action) September 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
15 Sep 88,78p EPA/ROD/RQ1-88/026
The Iron Horse Park site is a 552-acre industrial com-
plex and railyard located in North Billerica, Massachu-
setts. The site includes manufacturing and railyard
maintenance facilities, open storage areas, landfills,
and wastewater lagoons. A long history of activities at
the site has resulted in contamination of soil, ground
water, and surface water. B&M has been ordered to
stop discharging wastewater to the B&M Lagoons by
the end of 1988, and plans to tie-in to the town of Bll-
lerica's sewer system. Subsequent RODS will address
other portions of the site including a landfill and site-
wide ground water. The primary contaminants of con-
cern affecting the soil, sludge, and debris are VOCs,
organics including PAH, and metals including arsenic
and lead. The selected remedial action for the site is
included.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Site surveys, 'Earth
fills, 'Hazardous materials, 'Railroads,
Lagoons(Ponds), 'Bulk storage, 'Waste disposal,
Sals, Ground water, Public health, Substitutes, Sur-
face waters, Water pollution, Metals, Aromatic polycy-
clic hydrocarbons, Remedial action, "Superfund pro-
gram, 'North Billerica(Massachusetts), Iron Horse
Park, Volatile organic compounds.
PB89-208254/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Raich Farm, Dover Township, Ocean County, New
Jersey (First Remedial Action) September 1988.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Sep 88,110p EPA/ROD/R02-88/070
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Reich Farm site is located in Dover Township,
Ocean County, New Jersey. The site is currently
owned by Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Reich. In August 1971,
they rented a portion of their land to Mr. Nicholas Fer-
nicola for temporary storage of used 55-gallon drums.
Most of the drums had Union Carbide Corporation
(UCC) markings on them, with labels reading 'tar
pitch,1 'lab waste solvent,' 'blend of resin and oil,' and
solvent wash of process stream' among others. The
site first came to tne attention of the New Jersey Supe-
rior Court when the Reichs filed suit against Mr. Ferru-
cola and UCC. The primary contaminants of concern
affecting the ground water and soils are VOCs includ-
ing 1,1,1-trichToroethane (TCA), TCE, PCE, and^ semi-
volatile organics compounds (SVOCs). The selected
remedial action for the site is included.
Keywords: 'Site surveys, 'Waste disposal, 'Hazard-
ous materials, 'Solvents, *Pitch(Matenal), Resins,
'Industrial wastes, Ground water, Soils, Cost analysis,
Water pollution, Substitutes, Public health. Tars, Su-
perfund program, 'Remedial action, Chemical ef-
fluents, 'Ocean County(New Jersey), 'Land reclama-
tion, Volatile organic compounds.
PB89-206262/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Upjohn Manufacturing Company, Barceloneta,
Puerto Rico (First Remedial Action) September
1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Sep 88,86p EPA/ROD/R02-88/071
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Upjohn Manufacturing Company (UMC) site is lo-
cated in the Barceloneta industrial park on the north
coast of Puerto Rico. Land use in the surrounding area
is industrial, agricultural, and rural residential. Between
August and September 1982, UMC dispatched ap-
proximately 15,300 gallons of a manufacturing by-
product waste mixture estimated to be comprised of
65% carbon tetrachloride and 35% acetonitrile to a
leaking underground storage tank (UST), resulting in
the release of all of the waste into the ground. Investi-
gation by UMC determined that carbon tetrachloride
contamination had migrated offsite approximately 2
miles to the north and occupied an area of about 2.1 sq
miles. In 1983, UMC began implementing remedial ac-
tions to remove carbon tetrachloride from the solid and
ground water. This included the installation and oper-
ation of a vacuum extraction system until March 1988.
The possibility of residual contamination in the soil as a
continuing source of carbon tetrachloride contamina-
tion in the ground water will be addressed later by the
EPA RCRA program. The primary contaminant of con-
cern affecting the ground water is carbon tetrachloride.
The selectedremedial action for this site is given.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Ground
water, 'Site surveys, 'Waste disposal, 'Carbon tetra-
chloride, Public health, Water pollution, Cost analysis,
Storage tanks, Chlorine aliphatic compounds, 'Super-
fund program, 'Liquid waste disposal, 'Land reclama-
tion, 'Environmental research, 'Remedial action,
Puerto Rico.
PB89-206270/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 8):
South Cavalcade Street Sits, Houston, Texas
(First Remedial Action) September 1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
26 Sep 88,64p EPA/ROD/RO6-88/045
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The 66-acre South Cavalcade site is located in north-
east Houston, Texas. The surrounding areas are a mix-
ture of residential, commercial, and industrial proper-
ties. Stormwater runoff flows to two stormwater drain-
age ditches, which flow into Hunting Bayou, a limited
aquatic habitat as classified by Texas Water Quality
Standards. The site was used as a wood preserving
and coal tar distillation facility from 1910 to 1962. The
wood preserving facility consisted of an operations
area, a drip track, and treated and untreated wood
storage areas. The operations area included wood-
treating cylinders, chemical storage tanks, and a waste
water lagoon. Creosote and metallic salts were used in
the operation. PAHs, VOCs, metals and components
of creosote were detected in the soil, sediments, and
ground water. The primary contaminants of concern
affecting the ground water, soils, and sediments are
VOCs including benzene, toluene, and xylenes, other
organics including PAHs, and metal including arsenic,
chromium, and lead. The selected remedial action for
the site is outlined.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, Public
health, Water pollution, Solid waste disposal, Cost
analysis, Water reclamation, Ground water, Creosote,
Wood preservatives, 'Superfund program, *EPA
region 6, 'Land reclamation, 'Remedial action, 'Envi-
ronmental research, 'Liquid waste disposal,
*Houston(Texas).
PB89-206288/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Rsgion 3):
Rhinehart Tire Fire Site, Winchester, Frederick
County, Virginia (First Remedial Action) June
1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Jun 88,34p EPA/ROD/R03-88/050
The Rhinehart Tire Fire (RTF) site is located in a
sparsely populated rural area in Western Frederick
County, Virginia, approximately six miles east of the
Town of Winchester. Between 1972 and 1983, the site
owner, Mr. Rhinehart, conducted a tire disposal oper-
ation which consisted of transporting discarded tires
from various locations and storing them on a wooded
slope behind his home. By October 1983, an estimated
five to seven million tires had accumulated, and on Oc-
tober 31, 1983 caught fire. EPA, through the Army
Corps of Engineers, conducted a Remedial Investiga-
tion (Rl) to characterize and define the extent of possi-
ble contaminants. The remedial action will address the
control of contaminant migration off-site via surface
water runoff. A subsequent remedial action will ad-
dress source control at the site. The primary contami-
nants of concern affecting the ground water, soil, and
surface water are metals including arsenic and lead.
The selected remedial action for the site is included.
Keywords: 'Site surveys, 'Waste disposal, 'Hazard-
ous materials, 'Tires, Ground water, Surface water,
Soils, Metals, Cost analysis, Runoff, Arsenic,
Lead(Metal), Incineration, Fires, Water pollution.
Public health, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial action,
'Frederick County(Virginia).
PB69-206296/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Rsgion 2):
Rocky Hill Municipal Wellfield, Montgomery Town-
ship, Somerset County, New Jersey (First Reme-
dial Action) June 1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Jun 88,64p EPA/ROD/R02-88/061
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The 2-acre Rocky Hill Municipal Well Field site is locat-
ed in Montgomery Township, Somerset County, New
Jersey. Montgomery Township Housing Development
(MTHD), located north of the well field, contains 77 pri-
vate homes. Two wells, numbered 1 and 2, were con-
structed in 1936 to provide a source of potable water
to the Borough of Rocky Hill. A 1978 study revealed
TCE contamination levels in Well 1 and was aban-
doned and sealed by 1978. Further testing, conducted
between 1978 and 1983, revealed cycles of elevated
levels of TCE in Well 2. It was closed In November
1979, reopened and again closed in January of 1982.
The selected remedial action for the site includes:
ground water pump and treatment using air stripping
with reinjection; connection of any remaining affected
residences to the public water supply; sealing remain-
ing private water supply and monitoring wells within the
contamination plume: and implementation of ground
water sampling program to monitor the effectiveness
of the cleanup. The estimated capital cost for ttva re-
medial action is $1,618,000 with annual O&M of
$84,000.
Keywords: 'Water wells, 'Site surveys, 'Water treat-
ment, Water pollution, Public health, 'Superfund pro-
gram, 'Environmental research, 'Remedial action,
^Municipal wastes, 'Rocky Hill Municipal Wed Field,
'Somerset County(New Jersey).
PB89-206304/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2k
Burnt Fly Bog Superfund Site, Martboro Town-
ship, Monmouth County, Nsw Jersey (Second Re-
medial Action) September 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 88,49p EPA/ROD/R02-88/072
The Burnt Fly Bog site is located in MariboroTown-
ship, Monmouth County, New Jersey, The area it ef-
fected by contamination from the 10-acre parcel whan
waste was originally deposited (Uplands Area Optra,
ble Unit). The site includes both flood plains and wet-
lands. Contamination has been detected in the surfaoe
water, surface soil, and the shallow subsurface soil as
a result of uncontrolled discharges and runoff from the
Uplands Area waste sources. The Uplands Area in-
cludes several abandoned oil storage and treatment
lagoons containing residual oil sludges and Twmtm
wastes, contaminated waste piles, and buried or ex-
posed drummed wastes. The primary contaminants of
concern affecting the surface water, soil and seg-
ments are PCBs and lead. The selected remadW
action for the site Is included.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Site surveys, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, 'Oil wastes, 'Automobiles, Surface
water, Soils, Runoff, Water pollution, Sludge disposal,
Substitutes, Flood plains, Rural areas, Water pollution,
Metals, Lead(Metai), Public health, Cost analysis, 'Su-
perfund program, 'Remedial action, 'Liquid waste dis-
posal, 'Monmouth County(New Jersey), Polychlorinat-
ed biphenyls, Wetlands.
PBW-206312/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Rlngwood Mines/Landfill, Rlngwood Borough,
Paeaalc County, New Jersey (First Remedial
Action) September 1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 88,45p EPA/ROD/R02-88/075
The Rlngwood Mines/Landfill site consists of approxi-
mately 500 acres in a historic mining district in Ring-
wood Borough, Passaic County, New Jersey. The
mines lie west of and adjacent to the Town of Ring-
wood and one mile northwest of Wanaque Reservoir.
The site is characterized by a variety of features includ-
ing abandoned mine shafts and surface pits, an inac-
tive landfill, an industrial refuse disposal area, small
surficial dumps, a municipal recycling area, a municipal
garage, and approximately 50 residences. Ground
water beneath the site discharges to surface streams
and the Wanaque Reservoir. The site was purchased
by the U.S. Government prior to 1940, and later sold to
a succession of owners including Ringwood Realty
Corporation, a subsidiary of Ford Motor Company, in
January 1965. In 1976, the New Jersey Department of
Environmental Protection closed the landfill after de-
termining that leachate emanating from the landfill was
contaminating surface water in the area. The site was
subsequently divided into four discrete areas for inves-
tigation. The primary contaminants of concern affect-
ing the soH and ground water are arsenic, lead, and pe-
troleum hydrocarbons. The selected remedial action
for the site is included.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials, 'Site
surveys, 'Waste disposal, Petroleum products, Hydro-
carbons, Metals, Arsenic, Geochemistry, Water pollu-
tion, Water wells, Lead(Metal), Ground water, Soils,
Water pollution, Surface waters, 'Superfund program,
'Remedial action, 'Mine wastes, 'Municipal wastes,
'Rlngwood Borough(New Jersey), Solid waste man-
agement
P8M-206320/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
pencil do Groundwater Contamination Site, P«r-
dlde, Alabama (First Remedial Action) September
IMS. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Sep 88, S9p EPA/ROD/R04-88/042
The Perdido Groundwater Contamination site is locat-
ed in the Town of Perdido, Baldwin County, Alabama.
Site contamination occurred as a result of a 1965 train
derailment on the Louisville and Nashville Railroad
(now CSX Transportation, Inc.). Chemical (particularly
benzene) from derailed tank cars spilled into drainage
dHches, infiltrating the underlying aquifer. The area of
around water contamination covers approximately 15
acres and is centered downgradient about 300 yards
from the derailment site. The Alabama Department of
Public Health, Division of Public Water Supply
(ADPWS) first documented reports of taste and odor
problems in resident's water wells In 1981. Further
StSjuM showed benzene contamination in 6 of 27
walla which led to supplying bottled water to 250 af-
fected residents. The selected remedial action for this
sita includes: ground water pump and treatment using
air stripping or activated carbon adsorption with the
reflection of treated water back into the aquifer, and
air monitoring during operations; and ground water
monitoring to measure success of the cleanup. The
astlmated capital cost for this remedial action is
$109,000 with estimated annual O&C cost of
$103,000.
Kavwoida: 'Hazardous materials, 'Site surveys, 'Ben-
zene, 'Ground water, 'Water pollution, Publfc health,
Coat analysis. Aromatic monocyclic hydrocarbons,
•fluoerfund program, 'Land reclamation, 'Errviron-
•nZrttai research, 'Remedial action,
"perdldo(Alabama), Chemical spills, Cleanup oper-
ations.
PB89-206338/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Voortman Farm Site, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania
(First Remedial Action) June 1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Jun 88,35p EPA/ROD/R03-88/047
The 43-acre Voortman Farm site is located in Upper
Salucon Township, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, the
site consists of a sinkhole that contained empty bat-
tery casings disposed of in late 1979 and early 1980.
Citizen complaints in 1980 prompted the prohibition of
dumping and subsequent site investigation. In Septem-
ber 1986, the battery casings in the sinkhole caught on
fire. Since the battery casings were burning under-
ground, attempts to extinguish the fire remained un-
successful. There does not appear to be any leaching
from any residual metals, contaminated soils or battery
casings present The selected remedial action for the
site is included.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Site surveys, 'Waste disposal,
'Hazardous materials, 'Electric batteries, Cost analy-
sis, Ground water, Soils, Water pollution, Water wells,
Substitutes, Metals, Chromium, Lead(Metal), Public
health, 'Superfund program, 'Lehigh
County(Pennsylvania), 'Remedial action.
PB89-206346/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Aladdin Plating Superfund Site, Chinchilla, PA
(First Remedial Action) September 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
27 Sep 88,28p EPA/ROD/R03-88/062
The two-acre Aladdin Plating site is a former electro-
plating facility located in Scott and Abington Town-
ships, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, approxi-
mately 1.S miles north of the town of Chinchilla. Haz-
ardous materials used in operations include sulfuric
acid, chromic acid, cyanide, chromium, and other
heavy metals. For 35 years, electroplating waste ef-
fluents containing heavy metals and other contami-
nants were discharged via a ditch and underground
pipes to a shallow surface lagoon hear the electroplat-
ing building. A fire destroyed the facility and ended op-
erations in 1982. Three source areas of contamination
have been identified: the site of the former plating facil-
ity building, a buried trench (presumably the building's
floor drain), and the lagoon. In March 1987, EPA per-
formed emergency response activities to remove sig-
nificant immediate health threats. These responses in-
cluded fencing contaminated zones and removing
drums and vats containing hazardous wastes. The re-
sponse action addresses only the remediation of the
contaminated soil onsite. The ground water contami-
nation will be addressed in a subsequent remedial
action. The primary contaminants of concern affecting
the soil and ground water are arsenic, chromium, ana
lead. The selected remedial action for this site is in-
cluded.
Keywords: 'Site surveys, "Waste disposal. 'Industrial
wastes, 'Electroplating-, 'Hazardous materials,
Lagoons(Ponds), Substitutes, Ground water, Soils,
Metals, Public health, Arsenic, Chromium,
Lead(Metal), Cost analysis. 'Superfund program, 'Re-
medial action, 'Land reclamation, 'Lackawanna
County(Pennsylvania), Heavy metals.
PB89-200353/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Klmberton Superfund Site, Village of Klmbwton,
Chester County, Pennsylvania (First Remedial
Action) 8eptewiaer 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Sep 88,87p EPA/ROD/RO3-88/081
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Klmberton site is located in the northeastern por-
tion of Chester County, Pennsylvania near the Phila-
delphia metropolitan area. The site encompasses the
Monsey Products Company property and adjacent
properties within the surrounding village of Klmberton.
Several buried lagoons are located on the site. EPA's
subsequent investigation in early 1982 indicated that
soU, ground water, and surface water were contami-
nated by VOCs, including DCE, TCE and vinyl chloride.
Currently, sampling and analysis has or currently is
being performed in other lagoon areas to evaluate
their potential as sources of ground water contamina-
tion. The remedial action was designed to address the
health risk to those residents who may continue to use
contaminated private wells. A subsequent ROD will ad-
dress other sources of contamination as well as addi-
tional ground water remediation. The primary contami-
nants of concern affecting the ground water are VOCs
including DCE, TCE and vinyl chloride. The selected
remedial action for the site is included.
Keywords: 'Site surveys, 'Waste disposal,
'Lagoons(Ponds), 'Industrial wastes, Soils, Ground
water, Surface waters, Water pollution, Cost analysis,
Water wells, Public health, 'Superfund program, 'Re-
medial action, 'Land reclamation, 'Chester
County(Pennsylvania), Volatile organic compounds.
PB89-206361/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Berks Sand Pit Site, Longawamp Township, Berks
County, Pennsylvania (First Remedial Action)
September 1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 88,38p EPA/ROD/RO3-88/060
The three to four-acre Berks Sand Pit site is located in
Longswamp Township, Berks County, Pennsylvania.
There are at least 20 single family homes within the in-
vestigation area, including one on top of the actual
sandpit. The immediate vicinity of the site is zoned for
low density residential use. Tne Berks Sand Pit was
created by the removal of sand and gravel, but report-
edly was used by area residents for refuse disposal. In-
dustrial waste also was alleged to have been disposed
of in the area around the pit. Houses were constructed
and private wells installed at the location beginning in
1978, after the pit was backfilled. The site first came to
the attention of EPA in January 1982 when area resi-
dents detected ground water contamination. Emergen-
cy actions were undertaken by EPA in the summer of
1983. The pit was partially excavated and backfilled
with clean fill, but no pocket of contamination was dis-
covered. The primary contaminants of concern affect-
ing the ground water, surface water, and sediments
are VOCs including 1,1,1-TCA, 1,1-DCA, PCE, and 1,1-
DCE. The selected remedial action for the site is in-
cluded.
Keywords: 'Site surveys, 'Industrial wastes, 'Waste
disposal, 'Gravel, 'Hazardous materials, Ground
water, Surface water, Cost analysis, Sediments, Water
pollution, Substitutes, Water wells, 'Superfund pro-
gram, 'Remedial action, 'Berks
County(Pennsylvania), 'Municipal wastes, Volatile or-
ganic compounds.
PB89-206379/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3y.
Bendlx Superfund Site, Brldgewater Township,
South Montrose, Susquehanna County, Pennsyl-
vania (First Remedial Action) September 1988.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Sep 88,104p EPA/ROD/RO3-88/059
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Bendix site Is an aircraft instruments manufactur-
ing plant located near the Village of South Montrose,
Bndgewater Township, Susquehanna County, Penn-
sylvania. The 60-acre site is situated in a sparsely pop-
ulated area (approximately 500 people) atop a topo-
graphic divide between the Meshoppen Creek and
Wyalusing Creek watersheds. Natural ground water
discharge areas exist east of the site in a wetlands
area of Meshoppen Creek, and west of the site at the
headwaters of Wyalusing Creek. South Montrose is
solely dependent on private ground water wells for
water. Investigations performed by Bendix from 1984
through 1987 indicated that as a result of past disposal
practices, contamination from subsurface soil has
been leaching into the underlying ground water. Five
source areas of contamination have been identified at
the site: a TCE storage tank area, the pet/trench area,
an old landfill area, the area of a former solvent evapo-
ration facility, and a former drum storage area behind
the plant building. The primary contaminants of con-
cern affectingthe ground water and soil are VOCs in-
cluding TCE. The eelected remedial action for the site
is included.
Keywords: 'Site surveys, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazard-
ous materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Aircraft instruments,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ground water, Water wells, Soils, Cost analysis, Water
pollution, Substitutes, "Superfund program, 'Remedial
action, "Susquehanna County(Pennsylvania), Volatile
organic compounds, Wetlands.
PB89-206387/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Southern Maryland Wood Treating Site, Holly-
wood, Maryland (First Remedial Action) June
1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Jun 88,85p EPA/ROD/RO3-88/051
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Southern Maryland Wood Treating (SMWT) site is
located in Hollywood, St. Mary's County, Maryland.
The site is situated within a wetland area in a drainage
divide such that runoff from the site discharges into
Brooks Run and Mcintosh Run tributaries, which flow
into the Potomac River. The area surrounding the site
is predominantly used for agricultural and residential
purposes. Currently, part of tne site is being used as a
retail outlet for pretreated lumber and crab traps. The
waste generated at the site included retort and cylin-
der sludges, process wastes, and material spillage.
These wastes were In six onslte unllned lagoons. The
primary contaminants of concern affecting the onsite
ground water, soil, surface water, sediments, and
debris Include: VOCs, PNA, and base/neutral acid ex-
tractables. The selected remedial action for the site is
included.
Keywords: 'Site surveys, 'Wood preservatives, "In-
dustrial wastes, "Lagoons(Ponds), "Waste disposal,
"Hazardous materials, Ground water, Surface water,
Soils, Sediments, Water wells, Public health, Cost
analysis, Water pollution, Rivers, Sludge disposal, Aro-
matic polycycllc hydrocarbons, Alkalinity, "Superfund
program, "Remedial action, "Hollywood(Maryland),
volatile organic compounds.
PB89-206395/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 10):
Commencement Bay - South Tacoma Channel,
Tacoma Landfill Site, Tacoma, Washington (Final
Remedial Action) March 1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
31 Mar 88,103p EPA/ROD/R10-88/016
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Commencement Bay/Tacoma site is a 190-acre
industrial/municipal landfill located in Tacoma, Pierce
County, Washington. The landfill Is operated by the
City of Tacoma Refuse Utility and is surrounded pri-
marily by residential development and open land, with
some commercial and industrial development. Several
utilities (i.e., sewer, water, and storm) pass through the
site. An aquifer beneath the site provides drinking
water to the Town of Fircrest and the City of Tacoma,
both of which have wells near the landfill. The Tacoma
landfill began operations in 1960, receiving only non-
hazardous wastes and bulk waste. Although the landfill
does not accept hazardous wastes for disposal, it did
receive wastes in the 1960s and 1970s that have since
been designated as hazardous substances. In 1983,
investigations by EPA revealed the presence of haz-
ardous compounds in the ground water and soil near
the landfill. The primary contaminants affecting the
ground water and surface water are VOCs including
enzene, toluene, and xylenes. The selected remedial
action for this site is given.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, Public
health, Water pollution, Solid waste disposal, Cost
analysis, Substitutes, Licenses, "Superfund program,
"Solid waste management, "Land reclamation, "Mu-
nicipal wastes, "Environmental research, "Remedial
action, "EPA region 10, *Tacoma(Washington), Vola-
tile organic compounds, Liquid waste disposal.
PB89-206635/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Ozone Air Quality Models: Critical Review Discre-
tion Papers. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
K.L.Schere. 1988,9p EPA/600/J-88/336
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v38
n9p1114-1119Sep88.
The paper is a formal response to the 1988 APCA Criti-
cal Review of Ozone Air Quality Models by Dr. John
Seinfeld. His Critical Review was a comprehensive dis-
cussion on the state of knowledge of urban ozone air
quality models. The paper extends Seinfeld's review in
the areas of model components and input data, emis-
sions inventories, uncertainties in wind fields, regional
scale ozone models, model evaluation, and future re-
search directions.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Air quality, "Mathematical
models, Evaluation, Photochemical reactions, Simula-
tion, Removal, Turbulence, Dispersing, Emissions,
Spatial distribution, Area, Predictions, Chemicals.
PB89-206643/HSU	PC A03/MF ACM
Wind Direction Effects on Dispersion from
Sources Downwind of Steep Hills. Journal article.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
I. P. Castro, W. H. Snyder, and R. E. Lawson. cJan 88,
12p EPA/600/J-88/335
Pub. in Atomospheric Environment, v22 n10 p2229-
2238 1988. Prepared in cooperation with Surrey Univ.,
Guildford (England). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering.
A previous experimental study of the nature of disper-
sion from point sources down-wind of three-dimen-
sional hills of various crosswind aspect ration (span-
wise breadth/height) has been extended to the case
when the approaching wind is not normal to the span-
wise axis of the hill. Surface concentration patterns re-
suiting from sources placed at various heights have
been examined, with attention limited to cases which
led to the greatest concentration (or the normal wind
direction (theta=0). Sufficient data have been ob-
tained to determine the terrain amplification factor (i.e.,
the ratio of the maximum ground-level concentration in
the presence of the hill to that in its absence) for vari-
ous wind directions, hills and source heights, and also
to find how the ground-level concentration at the posi-
tion of its maximum value for theta=0 varies with wind
direction. It is demonstrated that in some circum-
stances the amplification factor (A) for a particular
source position actually increases with small changes
in wind direction. In general, however, there is a mono-
tonic decrease In A as theta deviates from zero, which
is most rapid for hills of small aspect ratio. In the case
of wider hills, it is possible for the amplification factor
to be reduced below unity for large theta.
Keywords: "Wind direction, "Atmospheric diffusion,
"Air pollution, "Hills, Concentration(Composition), Ter-
rain, Topography, Reprints, "Point sources, "Environ-
mental transport.
PB88-206650/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Surface Inhomogeneity Effects on Convective
Diffusion. Journal article.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab.. Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
G. A. Briggs. 5 May 88,21 p EPA/600/J-88/334
Pub. in Boundary-Layer Meteorology 45, p117-135
1988.
It is suggested that convective scaling, with appropri-
ate extensions, provides the most useful framework for
estimating the effects of urban-scale surface inhomo-
geneities on diffusion in convective conditions. Strong
contrasts in surface heat flux exist between cropland,
forests, urban areas, and water or marshland surfaces.
It is argued that a typical fetch for convective turbu-
lence to readjust to changed heat (or buoyancy) input
from the surface below is 2(U/w*)z(j), where U is the
mean wind speed in the mixing layer, w* is the convec-
tive scaling velocity, and z(J) Ts tne mixing depth. The
ratio w*/U is the'best index of diffusion rates in moder-
ately to very unstable conditions. General urban ef-
fects on heat flux, z(j), and U are discussed separately,
then their combined effects on w*/U are estimated. Fi-
nally, some examples of heat flux inhomogeneities
causing stationary convective features are presented.
Keywords: "Atmospheric diffusion, 'Urban areas, Heat
flux, Wind velocity, Atmospheric models. Mathematical
models. Reprints, "Convection(Atmospheric), Atmos-
pheric turbulence, Saint Louls(Missourt).
PB89-206668/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Air Pollution Climatology Around an Isolated
Point Source Using Convective Scaling Param-
eters. Journal article,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
T. E. Pierce. 1988,15p EPA/600/J-88/333
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v22 n11 p2463-
24751988.
An air pollution climatology, which incorporated con-
vective scaling parameters, is used to investigate the
conditions associated with hourly sulfur dioxide con-
centrations from a coal-fired power plant One year of
data from the Paradise power plant in central Kentucky
(U.S.A.) was analyzed. Variables which were examined
included emission rate, plume rise, wind speed, wind
direction, stability class, convective scaling velocity,
and similarity categories. The results show the meteor-
ological conditions leading to high surface concentra-
tions are the daytime hours having neutral/unstable at-
mospheric stability, light winds, and effective plume
height to mixing height ratios typically greater than
0.85. In more than half of the 30 hours of highest ob-
served concentrations, the atmospheric conditions
satisfy the criteria for mixed-layer scaling.
Keywords: "Sulfur dioxide, "Air pollution, "Climatology,
Flue gases, Towers, Convection, Exhaust gases,
Emission, Plumes, Height, Mathematical models, Heat
flux, Wind velocity, Wind direction, Tables(Data), Vari-
ations, Reprints, "Foreign technology, "Coal-fired
power plants.	^
PB89-206676/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Video Images of Smoke Dispersion in the Near
Wake of a Model Building. Part 1. Temporal and
Spatial Scales of Vortex Shedding. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
QAMmant I ah
A. H. Huber. 1988,38p EPA/600/J-88/332
Pub. in Jnl. of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerody-
namics, v31 p189-224 1988.
In a wind-tunnel study, recorded video images of
smoke dispersion in the wake of a rectangular-snaped
building were analyzed. A continuous source of smoke
was emitted at floor level, midway along the leeward
side of the building. Smoke was observed to build up
within a region adjacent to the building. Th«i the
smoke was periodically swept away by vortices shed
from the leeward building sides and roof. The applica-
bility of analyzing time series of smoke scattered light
for selected quantized video picture elements was fa-
vorably demonstrated. Temporal and spatial scales of
vortex-shedding of smoke puffs near the center of the
wake were quantified through the calculation of spec-
tral densities and autocorrelations. The dominant fre-
quencies (cycles/second) near the center of the wake
(low were found to be 0.1 -0.3 times the ratio of this ve-
locity to the building height Estimated integral length
scales near the center of the wake flow were found to
be 1 -2 times the building height.
Keywords: "Vortices. "Wakes, "Air pollution, "Flow
visualization, Wind tunnel models, Turbulence, Smoke,
Video signals, Dispersions, Measurement,
Wind(Meteoroiogy), Buildings, Experimental data,
"Vortex flow.
PB89-206684/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Plume Dispersion In the Convective Boundarv
Layer. Part 1. CONDORS (CONvectlve OHfuaion
Observed by Remote Sensors) Field Experiment
and Example Measurements. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trianola
Park, NC, Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab
W. L. Eberhard, W. R. Moninoer, and G. A. Brigos.
cMay 88,20p EPA/600/ J-68/331
Pub. in Jnl. of Applied Meteorology, v27 n5 P599-616
May 88. Prepared in cooperation with National Ocean-
ic and Atmospheric Administration, r * 	
.Boulder, CO. Wave
Propagation Lab.
No abstract available.
Keywords: "Thermal boundary layer, "Dispersion.
•Plumes. Convection, Towers, Experimental data!
Mixing, Diffusion, Mathematical modaty, Fog, OHs.
tlcal radar, Radiosondes, Remote senslr—
Experimental data, Evaluation, Wlnd(Mi
Three dimensional flow, Reprints, Tracer studies

-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB89-206692/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Simple PDF (Probability Distribution Function)
Modal* (or Convactlvely Drlvan Vartlcal Diffusion.
Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
L. Zong-Kai, and G. A. Briggs. C1988,22p EPA/600/J-
88/329
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v22 m p55-74
1988. Prepared in cooperation with Naniing Univ.
(China). Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences.
The mode of vertical velocity in convective boundary
layers is usually negative and the probability distribu-
tion function (PDF) of w, P(sub w), is rarely symmetric.
Consequently, vertical diffusion from elevated sources
is u8ually asymmetric and exhibits a descending mode
of concentration, causing higher peak surface concen-
trations than predicted by Gaussian models. The main
concentration (X) effects, the authors argue, can be
modeled using simple PDF diffusion models, with trac-
ers responding to P(sub w) at the source height with
straight line trajectories and simple reflection at the
surface and z(sub i), the mixing depth. The critical ele-
ment is the choice of P(sub w). The PDF models are
compared with diverse selection of atmospheric turbu-
lence measurements. Recent lidar measurements of
oil fog plumes are presented that show a large variabil-
ity.
Keywords: 'Probability distribution functions, 'Mathe-
matical models, 'Atmospheric diffusion, 'Boundary
layer, 'Wind velocity, Convection, Heat transfer, Tur-
bulent flow, Aerial surveys, Optical radar. Comparison,
Reprints, Gaussian plume models, T racer studies.
PB89-206700/H8U	PC A03/MF A01
Indirect Sensing of Plant Canopy Structure with
Simple Radiation Measurements. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
S. G- Perry, A. B. Fraser, D. W. Thomson, and J. M.
Norma. C1988,26p EPA/600/ J-88/328
Pub. in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v42 p255-
278 1988. Prepared in cooperation with Pennsylvania
State Univ., University Park. Dept. of Meteorology, and
Nebraska Univ.-Lincoln. Dept. of Agronomy.
A technique for indirectly sensing canopy structure
from simple, manageable measurements of sunlight
transmission through the canopy Is examined. The
need for reliable measures of leaf area index and leaf
angle distributions has been clearly established in the
literature for many applications, in particular as inputs
to canopy-atmosphere interaction models and dry
deposition calculation techniques. The integral rela-
tionship between sunlight transmission and canopy
structure is discussed and a numerical solution tech-
nique is described. Test results with simulated data
«id with actual field measurements support the con-
elusion that useful estimates of plant canopy structure
can be derived from manageable radiation measure-
ments within and beneath the canopy. (Copyright (c)
1988 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.)
Keywords: 'Remote sensing, *Trees(Plants), 'Solar
radiation, Leaves(Botany) Forestry, Canopies, Sun-
light, Electromagnetic radiation, Structures, Models,
Radiation measurement.
PB89-206718/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evidence for Cloud Venting of Mixed Layer Ozone
and Aerosols. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
J. K. S. China, S. T. Shipley, and E. V. Browell. C1988,
20p EPA/600/ J-88/327
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v22 n2 p225-242
1988. Prepared in cooperation with National Aeronau-
tice and Space Administration, Hampton, VA. Langley
Research Center.
Observations are presented which substantiate the hy-
pothesis that significant vertical exchange of ozone
and aerosol pollutants occurs between the mixed layer
and the free troposphere during cumulus cloud con-
vective activity. Right experiments conducted in July
1981, utilized the airborne Ultra-Violet Differential Ab-
sorption Lidar system developed by NASA. This
system provides simultaneous range resolved ozone
concentration and aerosol backscatter profiles with
high spatial resolution. Data were obtained during the
afternoon along East to West and South to North inter-
secting transects over North Carolina In the presence
of active, non-precipitating cumulus clouds.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Air pollution, 'Aerosols, 'Aerial
surveys, 'Cumulus clouds, Mixing, Boundary layers.
Troposphere, Optical radar, Reprints.
PB89-206726/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Modeling Ozone Concentrations: Urban- and Re-
gional-Scale Models are Needed to Develop Emis-
sion Control Policies That Reduce Ozone Levels.
Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
K. L. Schere. May 88,10p EPA/600/J-88/326
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v22
p488-495, May 88.
Regional scale air quality models are needed for co-
ordinated planning of emission control strategies to
reduce the ozone pollutant burden. Urban scale
models by themselves cannot provide the link from
one source area to the next. In the paper the structural
components of the more rigorous grid-type regional
ozone models are described along with some of the
issues that must yet be resolved to achieve credible
regional scale simulations. Chief among these issues
are the questions of the magnitude and photochemical
effects of regional-scale biogenic organic emissions,
the mass transfer from the lower to upper boundary
layer by cloud fluxes, the lack of determinism in region-
al scale wind fields, and perhaps most critically, how to
properly describe the subgrid scale chemical and
physical processes within the enormous volume of a
regional gridcell. The major components and recent
applications of five representative regional scale air
quality models are presented.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Air pollution con-
trol, 'Ozone, 'Urban areas, Photochemical reactions,
Sources, Organic compounds, Clouds(Meteorology),
Winds(Meteorology), Troposphere, Reprints, 'Air qual-
ity, 'Regional analysis.
PB89-206734/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Contribution of Woodsmoke and Motor Vehicle
Emissions to Ambient Aerosol Mutagenicity. Jour-
nal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
C. W. Lewis, R. E. Baumgardner, R. K. Stevens, L. D.
Claxton, and J. Lewtas. Aug 88,6p EPA/600/J-88/
325
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v22
n8 p968-971, Aug 88.
A receptor model analysis of the mutagenicity of ambi-
ent fine particles in air samples collected under EPA's
Integrated Air Cancer Project has been performed.
The analysis was based on multiple linear regression,
using measured concentrations of inorganic chemical
elements which are good indicators of likely sources of
the mutagenicity. This has allowed the determination
of the separate contributions made by woodsmoke
and mobile sources to the mutagenicity measured in a
residential neighborhood in Albuquerque, NM. The re-
sults is generally consistent with the known potencies
of these sources, based on source measurements.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Aerosols, 'Combus-
tion products, 'Mutagens, 'Motor vehicles. Fines, Par-
ticles, Public health, ConcentrationfComposition), Bio-
assay, Exposure, Toxicity, Reprints, 'Wood burning
furnaces, 'Air pollution effects(Humana).
PB89-206742/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Performance of a Gaussian Model for Centerline
Concentrations In the Wake of Buddings. Journal
article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
A. H. Huber. 1988,14p EPA/800/ J-88/324
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v22 n6 p1039-1050,
1988.
The inherent variability of 10- to 60-min average
ground-level plume centerline concentrations in the
wake of buildings and inherent limitations on the per-
formance of a Gaussian plume model are presented.
Point comparisons between observed and model pre-
dicted concentrations were evaluated for three sets of
field measurements. The presentation Is based on a
quantitative evaluation of the same model that was
qualitatively evaluated in another presentation. The
same method prescribed for estimating enhanced dis-
persion in the wake of buildings and its incorporation
into the Gaussian plume equation is used here. A
sample of performance measures is judged to provide
an adequate basis for determining the strengths and
weaknesses of the model. For groups with reduced
measures of mean error, the variability among errors
was reduced to values between 50 and 100 percent of
the mean concentration, which appears here to repre-
sent the inherent limitation of a simple Gaussian plume
model.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric diffusion, 'Mathematical
models, 'Wakes, 'Plumes, 'Air pollution, Buildings,
Performance evaluation, Aerodynamics,
Concentration(Composition). Field tests, Comparison,
Error analysis, Repnnts, 'Gaussian plume models, "Air
quality.
PB89-2067S9/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH. Toxicol-
ogy and Microbiology Div.
Oral Toxicology Studies with Xylene Isomers and
Mixed Xylenes. Journal article.
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA.
L. W. Condie, J. R. Hill, and J. F. Borzelleca. C1988,
16p EPA/600/ J-88/323
Contract EPA-68-03-1880
Pub. in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, v11 n4 p329-
354 Dec 88. Prepared in cooperation with Virginia
Commonwealth Univ., Richmond. Dept. of Pharmacol-
ogy and Toxicology. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Cincinnati, OH. Toxicology and Microbi-
ology Div.
Xylene isomers and mixed xylenes were administered
to male and female Sprague-Dawley rats to evaluate
their effects on standard toxicological parameters
which included body and organ weights, hematology,
serum chemistries, urinalysis and histopathologic^ ex-
amination. In the initial study, m-, o- or p-xylene were
administered in corn oil by gavage for 10 consecutive
days at dose levels of 250,1000 and 2000 mg/kg/day.
The most noteworthy changes were increased liver
weight in both sexes for all three isomers while de-
creases in spleen and thymus weights were seen less
frequently. Rats were subsequently exposed to mixed
xylenes by gavage in corn oil for 90 consecutive days
at dose levels of 150, 750 and 1500 mg/kg/day. The
most significant findings of the subchronic study were
enlarged livers and kidneys. Histopathological evalua-
tion of liver and kidney tissues revealed an increased
incidence of minimal chronic renal disease in only
female rats, while treatment related hepatic histopath-
ological changes were not detected in either sex.
(Copyright (c) 1988 by Marcel Dekker, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Xylenes, Exposure, Bioassays,
Rats,	Laboratory	animals,
Concentration(Composition), Aromatic hydrocarbons,
Reprints, Biological effects, Signs and symptoms.
Dose-response relationships.
PB89-206987/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Chesapeake Executive Council First Progress
Report under the 1987 Chesapeake Bay Agree-
ment
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Jan 89,37p
See also PB87-205910.
The report reviews program accomplishments for the
period 1987-88 toward the goals of the Chesapeake
Bay restoration and protection program, including the
signing of a new Bay Agreement in December 1987. It
also summarizes major implementation actions taken
in 1988 to carry out provisions of the Bay agreement.
Keywords: 'Agreements, 'Water pollution control,
'Regional planning, 'Chesapeake Bay, Protection,
Project planning, National government, State govern-
ment, Objectives, Wildlife, Fisheries, Stream flow, Ni-
trogen, Phosphorus, Runoff Population growth, Wet-
lands, Habitats, Restoration.
PBM-20696S/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Public Access Strategy. Chesapeake Bay Program
Agreement Commitment Report
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Jul 88, lip
The report discusses Public Access to the Chesa-
peake Bay, in fulfillment of Public Access Commit-
ment Number 1 of the 1987 Chesapeake Bay Agree-
ment. '...to intensify our efforts to improve and expand
public access opportunities being made available by
the federal government, the states, and local govern-
ments, by developing a strategy, which includes an in-
ventory of current access opportunities by July
1988...'. The report is to be used as guidance, along
with other information, to help refine and improve
Agreement programs designed to 'promote increased
opportunities for public appreciation and enjoyment of
the Bay and its tributaries.' The implementation strate-
gies in the report can guide land managers at all levels
to strive to acquire and make available adequate re-
sources to improve and maintain access to the Bay in-
cluding public beaches, parks, and forest lands.
Keywords: 'Recreational facilities, 'Land use, 'Re-
gional planning, 'Chesapeake Bay, Management,
Public land, Esthetics, Parks, Forest land, Agree-
ments, Inventories, Guidelines, Virginia, Maryland,
Pennsylvania, District of Columbia.
PB89-206973/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Baywide Communication Plan. Chesapeake Bay
Program Agreement Commitment Report
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
May 88,50p
The report discusses the Bay-wide Communication
Plan in fulfillment of Public Information, Education and
Participation Commitment Number 3 of the 1987
Chesapeake Bay Agreement: '...by May 1988, to de-
velop a unified, Bay-wide communication plan.' The
Plan includes identification for the constituencies for
which information efforts are being developed, speci-
fies priority constituencies for 1988, outlines coordinat-
ed protects for 1988 and the future, outlines the
present process of public involvement in the develop-
ment and implementation of Agreement commitments,
provides a Bay-wide calendar of events, and provides
a list of present and planned information materials for
use throughout the Bay region.
Keywords: 'Regional planning, 'Mass communication,
'Chesapeake Bay, Agreements, Project planning,
Education, Citizen participation, Publicity, Associa-
tions, Government, District of Columbia, Maryland,
Pennsylvania, Virginia, Restoration, Cooperative pro-
grams.
PBB9-206981/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Habitat Requirements (or Chesapeake Bay Living
Resources. Chesapeake Bay Program Agreement
Commitment Report
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Jan 88,127p
See also PB88-142831.
The report provides guidance, along with EPA Water
Quality Criteria and State Water Quality Standards and
other information, to help refine and improve Chesa-
peake Bay Agreement programs designed to provide
for the restoration and protection of living resources,
their habitats, and ecological relationships. The Living
Resources Task Force, an ad hoc workgroup of the
Chesapeake Bay Program, was charged by the Chesa-
peake Bay Implementation Committee to develop an
approach to define habitat objectives for the living re-
sources of the Bay. The report was produced by the
Task Force to establish a technically defensible ap-
proach in setting regional habitat objectives for Chesa-
peake Bay by initially assembling habitat requirement
for individual target species. It summarizes the results
of the Task Force efforts to date and provides the
basis for future refinement of the habitat objectives ap-
proach.
Keywords: 'Invertebrates, "Aquatic plants, 'Aquatic
animals, 'Ecology, 'Water pollution, 'Chesapeake
Bav Regional planning, Objectives, Requirements,
Marine fishes, Life cycles, Shellfish, Substrates,
Ocean temperature, Reproduction(Biology), Enwon-
mental Impacts, Ducks, 'Habitats, Waterfowl, Trophic
level, Cooperative programs.
PB89-206999/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Strategy for Removing Impedimenta to Migratory
Fishes In the Chesapeake Bay Watershed.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Dec 88,38p
The report contains the findings and recommenda-
tions of the Fish Passage Workgroup which was ap-
pointed in January, 1988, by the Living Resources
Subcommittee to develop a strategy for implementing
the 1987 Chesapeake Bay Agreement commitment re-
garding fish passage. The workgroup includes repre-
sentatives from each of the Bay states, the District of
Columbia, Appropriate federal resource agencies, and
the environmental community. The Bay Agreement in-
cludes a commitment that the signatories will 'provide
for fish passage at dams, and remove stream block-
ages wherever necessary to restore passage for mi-
gratory fish.'
Keywords: 'Fishways, 'Dams, 'Fisheries, 'Chesa-
peake Bay, Animal migrations, Barriers, Stream flow,
Culverts, Removal, Surveys, History, Inventories, Li-
censes, Monitoring, Maryland, Virginia, Pennsylvania,
District of Columbia, Cooperative programs.
PB89-207005/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Methods for Aquatic Toxicity identification Eval-
uations. Phase 2. Toxicity Identification Proce-
dures. Technical rept.
National Effluent Toxicity Assessment Center, Duluth,
MN.
D. I. Mount, and L. Anderson-Carnahan. Feb 89,32p
EPA/600/3-88/035, TR-02-88
See also PB89-12S934 and PB89-205611.
The manual describes test methods that can be used
to provide evidence as to whether non-polar organics,
ammonia, or cationic metals cause effluent toxicity.
These methods are not intended to be irrefutable evi-
dence but only to be providers of enough evidence to
suggest that Phase III, the toxicity confirmation, should
be started. Phase III uses available methods to provide
adequate evidence that the true cause of toxicity is
consistently due to the identified toxicants.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Water pollution, 'Environmental
tests, 'Hazardous materials, Ammonia, Cations, Or-
ganic compounds, pH, Temperature, Evaluation, High
pressure liquid chromatography, Atomic absorption
spectrophotometry, Gas cnromatography-mass spec-
trometry, Osmolar concentration.
PB89-207013/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Short-Term Methods for Estimating the Chronic
Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to
Freshwater Organisms. Second Edition.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
C. I. Weber, W. H. Peltier, T. J. Norberg-King, W. B.
Homing, and F. A. Kessler. Mar 89,260p EPA/600/4-
89/001
See also PB88-158474. Prepared in cooperation with
Computer Sciences Corp., Cincinnati, OH.
The manual describes short-term (four- to seven-day)
methods for estimating the chronic toxicity of effluents
and receiving waters to the fathead minnow (Plme-
phales promelas), a cladoceran (Ceriodaphnia dubia),
and a green alga (Selenastrum capricornutum). Also
included are guidelines on laboratory safety, quality as-
surance, facilities and equipment, dilution water, efflu-
ent sampling and holding, data analysis, report prepa-
ration, and organism culturing and handling. Examples
of the statistical analysis of test data are included with
the methods. Supplementary information on statistical
techniques for test design and analysis of toxicity test
data is provided in the Appendices.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, "Fresh water biology, 'Water pol-
lution, Manuals, Invertebrates, Algae, Laboratories,
Quality assurance, Minnows, Sewage, Industrial
wastes, Statistical analysis, Test methods, Safety, Bio-
assay, Equipment.
PB89-207021/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Statistical Comparison of Results of Two Indoor
Air Pilot Studies. Final rept. 10 Dec 87-29 Feb 88.
Battelle Columbus Div., OH.
G. A. Mack, J. W. Stockrahm, and J. C. Chuang. Jun
89, 146p EPA/600/3-89/055
Contract EPA-68-02-4127
See also PB87-129524. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Lab.
The objective of the study was to compare the results
between two previous indoor air PAH monitoring stud-
ies conducted by EPA in 1984 and 1987. Both of the
previous studies were pilot studies involving ambient
and indoor air monitoring at a small number of resi-
dences in Columbus, Ohio- The objectives of these
studies were to characterize the ranges of selected
PAH and nitrogen heterocyclic compounds in the
indoor air and to evaluate contributions of various
indoor combustion sources to the indoor PAH concen-
tration levels. The current study compared the results
between the 1984 and 1987 studies, and where the re-
sults were consistent, the data from the two studies
were combined to produce more precise statistical es-
timates of concentration level ranges and estimates of
the contributions of different indoor combustion
sources to indoor PAH levels.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Nitrogen heterocyclic
compounds, 'Aromatic polycycllc hydrocarbons,
Sources, Residential buildings, Graphs(Charts), Com-
bustion products, Concentration(Composition), 'Toxic
substances, 'Indoor air pollution, 'Air pollution sam-
pling, Air quality.
PB89-207047/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Guidance Manual for Compliance with the Filtra-
tion and Disinfection Requirements for PuMe
Water Systems Using Surface Water Sources.
Draft rept.
Pirnie (Malcolm), Inc., Paramus, NJ.
31 Mar 89,364p
Contract EPA-68-01-6989
Prepared in cooperation with CWC-HDR, Inc., Santa
Ana, CA. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
The Guidance Manual complements the filtration and
disinfection treatment requirements for public water
systems using surface water sources or ground water
under direct influence of surface water as presented in
the Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR). The
manual provides guidance to Environmental Protec-
tion Agency Regional Offices, individual states and af-
fected utilities in the implementation of the SWTR, and
to help assure that actions taken toward implementa-
tion are consistent. The manual is advisory in native
and is meant to supplement the criteria of the SWTTR.
The guidance manual suggests design, operating and
performance criteria for specific surface water quality
conditions to provide the optimum protection from mi-
crobiological contaminants. Throughout the docu-
ment, the term 'Primary Agency' refers to e State wtth
primary enforcement responsibility for public water
systems or 'primacy,' or to mean EPA in the case of a
State that has not obtained primacy.
Keywords: 'Manuals, 'Water treatment, 'Surface
waters, 'Public utilities, Disinfection, Requirements,
Filtration, Municipalities, Standards, Water services.
Potable water, 'Drinking water.
PB89-207161/H9U	PC AM/MF A01
Analysis of Air Toxics Emissions, Expoeurea,
Cancer Risks and Controllability In Five Urban
Areas. Volume 1. Baee Year Analysis and Result*.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Qualify Planning and Standards.
J. Wilson, D. Istvan, E. Laich, and T. Lahre. Jul 89, B8o
EPA/450/2-89/012A	^
Prepared in cooperation with Pechan (E.H.) and Asso-
ciates, Inc., Springfield, VA.
The report is the first phase of a study to define the
multiple source, multiple pollutant nature of the urban
air toxics problem (also known as 'urban soup') and to
discern what control measures (or combinations of
measures) can best be employed to mitigate the urban
air toxics problem. The report documents the baae
year analysis, involving dispersion modeling of emis-
sions data for 25 carcinogenic air toxics in five u S.
uiban areas and a subsequent exposure/risk minus
ment to estimate aggregate cancer incidence. Agar*,
gate (multi-source, multi-pollutant) cancer incidence
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
(or population risk) across the 5 cities in this study
averaged about 6 excess cases per million persons,
ranging from about 2 to 10 in individual cities. The most
important pollutants contributing to aggregate inci-
dence are polycyclic organic matter, 1,3-butadiene,
formaldehyde and hexavalent chromium. The most im-
portant sources are road vehicles, comfort and indus-
trial cooling towers, chrome platers, solvent use and
fuel combustion, including woodstoves.
Keywords: 'Urban areas, 'Hazardous materials, 'Air
pollution control, 'Malignant neoplasms, Exposure, In-
dustrial wastes. Exhaust emissions, Combustion prod-
ucts, Public health, Formaldehyde, Chromium, Buta-
dienes, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Air pollution effects(Humans), 'Risk assess-
ment.
PBM-207203/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Compilation and Speciatlon of National Emissions
Factors for Consumer/Commercial Solvent Use.
Information Compiled to Support Urban Air
Toxics Assessment Studlss.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Apr 80,209p EPA/450/2-89/008
Portions of this document are Illegible. See also PB86-
238086.
The report describes the methods used to prepare the
volatile organic compound (VOC) species profiles for
consumer and commercial products, and outlines
measures to be used by state and local agencies to es-
timate consumer product-related VOC emissions in
their jurisdictions.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Hazardous materi-
als, Volatility, State government, Local government,
Aerosols, Paints, Insecticides, Solvents, Consumers,
Protection, 'Toxic substances, Volatile organic com-
pounds.
PB89-20724S/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Narrow-flap Polnt-to-Plane Corona with High Ve-
locity Flows. Journal article Sep 86-Feb 88.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
p&k, NC- Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
T Yamamoto, P. A. Lawless, and L. fc. Sparks. C19B8,
9p EPA/600/J-88/311
Pub. in IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics En-
glneiers) Transactions on Industry Applications, v24 n5
P034-939 Sep/Oct 88. Prepared in cooperation with
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The article discusses a mathematical model devel-
oped to describe a narrow-gap point-to-plane corona
system used in the detoxification of chemical agents or
their simulants, for which the degree of destruction de-
pends on the strength of the electric field or electron
energy. Narrow-gap electrodes are characterized by
extremely high electron activity and the presence of
positive and negative Ions. The three-dimensional spa-
Sai distributions In the electron density and the electric
field are of primary interest. The results address the
potential problems of the corona device and help to
provide for an optimum design.
Keywords: 'Electric corona, 'Chemical compounds,
'Detoxification, Mathematical models, Electrodes,
Plectron density(Concentratlon), Electric fields, Spatial
dstribution, Reprints, Pollution control, Stationary
sources.
M09-2O7252/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Mnrisllnn Psrticulate Charging In ESPs (Electro-
,1^ precipitators). Journal article Oct 85-Jan 88.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park. NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
p. A. Lawless, and L. E. Spams. c1988, Bp EPA/600/
100/212
pub. In IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics En-
gineers) Transactions on Industry Applications, v24 n8
5)22-927 Sep/Oct 88. Prepared in cooperation with
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The article proposes a method to calculate both the
charge and the operating point of electrostatic
~ladpitators (ESPs). in ESPs, there is a strong interac-
Kflbetween the particulate space charge and the op-
voltage and current of an electrical ssction.
oScu&ting either when the other is fixed is not difficult,
JJJtcaicuiating both self-consistently is much mors dif-
ficult. An iterative solution is required, but the closure
rate should be acceptable.
Keywords: 'Electrostatic precipitators, 'Space charge,
'Electric potential, 'Air pollution control equipment,
Mathematical models, Particles, Iteration, Reprints,
'Particulates, Stationary sources, Numerical solution.
PB89-207260/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH. Toxicol-
ogy and Microbiology Div.
Activity of 1,1,1- and 1,1,3-Trlchloroacetones In a
Chromosomal Aberration Assay in CHO (Chinese
Hamster Ovary) Cells snd the Micronuclsus and
Spermhead Abnormality Assays In Mice. Journal
article.
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. Cytogenetics and
Reproductive Biology Program.
W. F. Blazak, J. R. Meier, 5. E. Stewart, D. C.
Blachman, and J. T. Deahl. c1988,10p EPA/600/J-
88/313
Contract EPA-68-03-1880
Pub. in Mutation Research, v206 p431-438 Sep 88.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Cincin-
nati, OH. Toxicology and Microbiology Div.
1,1,1- and 1,1,3-trichloroacetones (TCA) result from
the disinfection of municipal water supplies with chlo-
rine and are direct-acting mutagens in the Ames/Sal-
monella assay. The study further investigated the gen-
otoxicity of these compounds in mammalian cells
using an in vitro chromosomal aberration assay in Chi-
nese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and the micronucleus
and spermhead abnormality assays in mice. Both com-
pounds induced significant increases in structural
chromosomal aberrations in CHO cells in the presence
and in the absence of rat S9 metabolic activation (MA).
1,1,3-TCA was more cytotoxic to CHO cells but 1,1,1-
TCA resulted in a higher proportion of cells with aber-
rations. The clastogenic activities of both compounds
were reduced in assays conducted with MA. Results
indicate that the drinking water contaminants 1,1,1-
and 1,1,3-TCA are clastogenic in. vitro, but are not clas-
togenic to bone marrow cells in vivo and do not ad-
versely affect several indicators of testicular function
in mice. (Copyright (c) 1988 Elsevier Science Publish-
ers B.V. (Biomedical Division).)
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Chromosome abnormalities,
Bioassay, Chlorine organic compounds, Potable water,
In vitro analysis, In vivo analysis, Chlorohydrocarbons,
Reprints, 'Acetone/trichloro, 'Water pollution effects,
Mutagenesis, Biotransformation.
PB89-207278/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Influence of CC1 (sub 4) Biotransformation on the
Activation of Rat Uver Phospholipase C 'In vitro'.
Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
J. B. Coleman, L W. Condie, and R. G. Lamb. c1988,
10p EPA/600/J-88/314
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v95 n2
p200-207 Sep 88. See also PB89-207286. Prepared in
cooperation with Virginia Commonwealth Univ., Rich-
mond.
Carbon tetrachloride (CCW) biotransformation and co-
valent binding was measured in 1000g liver fractions
by determining the amount of CCI4 metabolites cova-
lently bound to proteins and lipids at various (5-60 min)
incubation times. Reactive intermediate binding to pro-
teins and phospholipids peaked at 20 min, whereas
CCI4 metabolites associated with neutral lipids (pri-
marily dlacylglycerol) were initially low (0-15 min) and
then gradually Increased from 20-60 min. The rise in la-
beleddlacylglycerol was associated with a decrease in
phospholipids containing covalently bound CCW meta-
bolites, since CCI4 bioactlvation increased phospholi-
pase C (PLC) activity three- to fourfold. In contrast,
when CCI4 bioactlvation is absent, 0.5mm CCI4 has
little effect on PLC activity. PLC activation by high
doses of CCI4 occurs by' bioactivation-independent
mechanisms. Therefore, there are two components of
CCI4-induced PLC activation. Under both conditions,
the activation of PLC may be a key event in CCI4 hepa-
totoxicity since PLC disrupts the functional and struc-
tural integrity of membranes by degrading membrane
phospholipids. (Copyright (c) 1988 Academic Press,
Inc.)
Keywords: 'Liver, 'Toxicity, In vitro analysis, Metabo-
lism, Rats, Laboratory animals, Reprints, 'Carbon tet-
rachloride, 'Phoapholipase C, Enzyme activation, Bio-
transformation.
PB89-207286/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Role of CC1 (sub 4) Biotransformation In the Acti-
vation of Hepatocyte Phoapholipase C 'In vivo'
and 'In vitro'. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
J. B. Coleman, L. W. Condie, and R. G. Lamb. c1988,
15p EPA/600/J-88/315
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v95 n2
p208-219 Sep 88. See also PB89-207278. Prepared in
cooperation with Virginia Commonwealth Univ., Rich-
mond.
Rats treated with a single 0.5 ml/kg dose (ip) of CCI4
exhibited a threefold increase in liver microsomal
phospholipase C (PLC) activity that was enhanced by
phenobarbital and diminished by metyrapone pretreat-
ment, respectively. Hepatocytes and hepatocellular
fractions exposed to 0.5 mM CCI4 in vitro also exhibit-
ed a rapid rise in PLC activity that was reduced by me-
tyrapone. Metyrapone also reduced the CCI4-related
increase in the PLC-mediated reductions in cellular
phosphatidylcholine content. The influence of CCI4
biotransformation on the activation of liver cell PLC
was assessed in vitro. Covalent binding of CCI4 meta-
bolites to isolated hepatocyte proteins and lipids was
linear through 20 min of incubation and then quickly
plateaued. Results suggest that chemical metabolites
activate PLC in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the activa-
tion of a PLC that degrades membrane phospholipids
may represent an important step in the pathogenic
scheme of chemical-mediated liver ceil necrosis.
(Copyright (c) 1988 Academic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: "Liver, 'Toxicity, In vivo analysis, In vitro
analysis, Rats, Laboratory animals, Reprints, 'Carbon
tetrachloride, 'Phospholipase C, Biotransformation,
Enzyme activation, Cytochrome P-450.
PB89-207294/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Selection of a Suitable Extraction Method for Mu-
tagenic Activity from Wood smoke-Impacted Air
Partldea. Journal article.
Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Re-
search T riangle Park, NC.
R. Williams, T. Pasley. S. Warren, R. Zweidinger, and
R. Watts. C1988,20p EPA/600/J-88/316
Contract EPA-68-02-4456
Pub. in International Jnl. of Environmental Analytical
Chemistry, v34 p137-154 1986. Sponsored by Health
Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Extraction methods were evaluated for recovery of
mutagneic activity from woodsmoke-impacted air parti-
cles. Soxhlet and sonication techniques were utilized
with a variety of solvents to ascertain the effect of sol-
vent choice, extraction methods, or dissolved gases in
extraction solvents on the recovery of mutagenicity.
Sonication extraction gave slightly less mass recovery
than the Soxhlet method. Methanol extracted more
mass than the other solvents with dichloromethane re-
covering the least. Dissolved gases were not found to
have any effect, while mutagenicity was shown to be
dependent upon solvent and extraction method. Soxh-
let extraction with acetone and toluene/ethanol yield-
ed the highest recovery of mutagenic activity; howev-
er, results indicated a solvent/solute interaction which
chemically altered one or more extract components.
Extraction employing dichloromethane and sonication
was selected as a suitable method since this treatment
appeared not to alter extracted compounds, and good
recovery of mutagenicity was obtained. (Copyright (c)
1988 Gordon and Breach Science Publishers Inc.)
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Chemical analysis, Muta-
gens, Wood, Combustion products, Reprints, 'Air
sampling, 'Particulates.
PB89-207302/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Tranaport of Dissolved Organlos from Dilute
Aqueous Solutions through Flexible Membrane
Liners. Journal article.
Matrecon, Inc., Alameda, CA.
C1988,22p EPA/600/ J-88/317
ContractEPA-68-03-3213
Pub. in Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials, v5
n4 p275-294 1988. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engi-
neering Lab.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The paper presents the results of experiments relating
to the partitioning of dissolved organics from dilute
aqueous solutions to polymeric flexible membrane
liners (FMLs) and their permeation through the liners.
In order to simulate partitioning and the transport of
waste constituents within and out of a landfill, two sets
of experiments were performed. In the first set, sam-
ples of an FML that were either unexposed or saturat-
ed with an organic were placed in test liquids, including
deionized water, neat organics, and saturated aque-
ous solutions of organics. In the second set, the parti-
tioning of organics measured in a three-compartment
closed apparatus. The results of the experiments show
that, even at low concentrations in an aqueous solu-
tion, some organics can be highly absorbed by a poly-
ethylene (PE) FML, reaching equilibrium concentra-
tions in less than 120 hours. Trichloroethylene, tolu-
ene, and o-xylene migrated from the dilute aqueous
solution and penetrated a PE FML barriers in as short
a time as 24 hours after the experiment had begun.
Keywords: "Membranes, "Barrier materials, "Polyeth-
ylene, "Permeability,"Earth fills, Tables(Data), Simula-
tion, Separation, Absorption, Toluene, Xylenes, Organ-
ic wastes, Polymers, Linings, Reprints, Sanitary land-
fills, "Environmental transport.
PBB9-207310/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Short-Term Toxicity (One- and Ten-Day Gavage)
of Barium Chloride In Male and Female Rata. Jour-
nal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH. Toxicol-
ogy and Microbiology Div.
J. F. Borzelleca, L. W. Condie, and J. L. Egle. cDec 88,
14p EPA-600/J-88/318
Pub. in Jnl. of the American College of Toxicology, v7
n5 p675-685 Dec 88. Prepared in cooperation with Vir-
ginia Commonwealth Univ., Richmond. Dept. of Phar-
macology and Toxicology.
To assess adverse effects that might be caused by an
event resulting in high levels of barium in drinking
water, rats were gavaged with barium chloride (BaCll
at dosage levels of 30,100, and 300 mg/kg in a 1-day
study and at 100, 145, 209, and 300 mg/kg for 10
days) and the effects were determined. LD50 values
for male and female rates were found to be 419 (352-
499) and 408 (342-487) mg/kg 8aCI2, respectively. In
the 1-day exposure study, decreases in body weight
and liver/brain weight ratios and increase in kidney
weight as a percentage of body weight appeared to be
related to barium ingestion at 300 mg/kg. After 10
days of exposure to barium, survival of females was
substantially lower at 300 mg/kg. A reduction in ova-
ries/brain ratio at 300 mg/kg appeared to be barium-
induced. There was a decrease in BUN at 300 mg/kg
in males and at all dose levels in females. No other ef-
fects were attributed to barium, Histopathological find-
ings were negative in both the 1 - and 10-day studies. It
is concluded the short-term oral exposure to BaCI2 at
doses up to 209 mg/kg produces no significant ad-
verse health effects.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Potable water, Rats, In vitro
analysis, Lethal doses, Laboratory animals, Exposure,
Tables(Data), Reprints, "Barium chlorides, 'Water
quality, Dose-response relationships, Water pollution
effects.
PB89-207328/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Test Kit (or Field Evaluation of the Chemical Re-
sistance of Protective Clothing. Journal article.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
A. D. Schwope, T. R. Carroll, R. Huang, and M. D.
Royer. c1988,15p EPA/600/J-88/319
Contract EPA-68-03-3293
Pub. in American Society for Testing and Materials,
Special Technical Report 989, p314-325 1988. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati,
OH. Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
Personnel involved in emergency response and haz-
ardous waste site activities often have the need to
reach on-scene decisions regarding the effectiveness
and limitations of chemical protective clothing. Three
gravimetric techniques were evaluated as means for
providing essential information for aiding such deci-
sions. For four neat chemicals, three two-component
solutions and two clothing materials, permeation cup
tests yielded breakthrough time and permeation rate
data comparable to that from testing performed ac-
cording to ASTM Method F739. Three prototype kits
based on the cup test are presently undergoing field
trials. The permeation cup test was selected over a
simple immersion test and a proposed degradation
test. Recommendations for further development of the
cup test and the degradation test are given. (Copyright
(c) American Society for Testing and Materials, 1988.)
Keywords: "Chemical attack, "Permeability, "Protec-
tive clothing, "Field tests, "Gravimetric analysis, Fab-
rics, Acetone, Hexanes, Nylon fibers, Acrytonitrile co-
polymers, Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data), Butyl rubber,
Diene resins, Synthetic elastomers, Reprints.
PB89-207336/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Water Chemistry Methods in Acid Deposition Re-
search: A Comparative Study of Analyses from
Canada, Norway, and the United States. Journal ar-
ticle.
Lockheed-ESCO Environmental Programs, Las Vegas,
NV.
M. A. Stapanian, T. E. Lewis, and D. C. Hillman. C1988,
18p EPA/600/J-88/320
Pub. in International Jnl. of Environmental Analytical
Chemistry, v34 p299-3141988. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Identical aliquots (split samples) from lakes in the
southeastern United States were analyzed in laborato-
ries in the U.S. and Norway. A second set of split sam-
ples from lakes in the northeastern U.S. was analyzed
in laboratories in the U.S. and Canada. Methods used
by the laboratories were identical for most analytes.
For 8 of 11 analytes, there was a statistically signifi-
cant difference between the results from Norway and
the U.S. For 15 of 17 analytes, there was a statistically
significant difference between the results from Canada
and the U.S. Linear equations describing the relation-
ship between results from the U.S. and Norway (or
Canada) explained over 90% of the variance for most
analytes. Notable discrepancies occurred for labile in-
organic aluminum and acid-neutralizing capacity, two
analytes critical to acid deposition studies. A linear
model explained about 35% of the variance for labile
inorganic aluminum. Considerable laboratory bias was
evident for acid-neutralizing capacity in both sets of
split sample measurements. Difference in methodolo-
gies and holding times may account for these discrep-
ancies. For any of the analytes, the practical signifi-
cance of the differences is dependent on the objec-
tives and constraints of each application. The effects
of laboratory and methodology were statistically con-
founded. Standardizing analytical methods would
assist the chemist in interpreting data from studies, no-
tably those of lake acidification, in other nations.
(Copyright (c) 1988 Gordon and Breach, Science Pub-
lishers,Inc.)
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Chemical analysis, Alu-
minum, United States, Tables(Oata), Lakes, Acid dep-
osition, Analytical methods, International laboratory.
PB89-207344/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Sorption of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachiorodlbenzo-p-dloxin to
Soils from Wster/Methanol Mixtures. Journal arti-
Maryland Univ., College Park. Dept. of Civil Engineer-
ing.
R. W. Walters, and A. Gulseppi-Elie. c1988,9p EPA/
600/J-88/321
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v22
n7 p819-825 Jul 88. Prepared in cooperation with
Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA. Environmental Studies
Inst, on Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab.,
Ada, OK.
Sorption of l4C-labeled 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-
dioxin (TCDD) to soils from water/methanol mixtures
has been evaluated by batch shake testing. Unconta-
minated soils from Times Beach, MO were used in
these experiments and ranged in fraction organic
carbon f(sub oc) from 0.0066 to 0.077. Volume fraction
methanol in the liquid phase (fs) was varied between
0.25 and 1.0. Contact times ranging from 1 to 90 days
were employed. Sorption kinetics were Influenced by
soil type and fs; at fs of 0.5, sorption equilibrium for
low-f(sub oc) soils was achieved within 1 day, while
sorption to the high-f(sub oc) soil required as long as
30 days to reach equilibrium. Data presented here sug-
gest that the latter solvent-soil interactions may not in-
crease TCDD accessibility to soil organic matter to the
same extent as that reported for less hydrophobic or-
ganic solutes. (Copyright (c) 1988 American Chemical
Society.)
Keywords: "Sorption, "Soils, Herbicides, Methanol,
Chlorine organic compounds, Soil chemistry, Reprints,
"Dioxin/tetrachloro-dibenzo, Partition coefficients.
PB89-207351/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Comparison of Methods to Determine Oxygen
Demand for Bloremedlatlon of a Fuel Contaminat-
ed Aquifer. Journal article.
Northrop Services, Inc./Environmental Sciences, Ada,
OK.
R. M. Powell, R. W. Callaway, J. T. Michalowski, S. A.
Vandearift, and M. V. White. c1988,13p EPA/600/J-
88/322
Contract EPA-68-03-3315
Pub. in International Jnl. of Environmental Analytical
Chemistry, v34 n3 p253-263 Sep 88. Sponsored by
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Four analytical methods were compared for estimating
concentrations of fuel contaminants In subsurface
core samples. The methods were total organic carbon,
chemical oxygen demand, oil and grease, and a sol-
vent extraction of fuel hydrocarbons combined with a
gas chromatographic technique. Presently the most
applicable and convenient technique, based on great-
est apparent contaminant recovery, is the solvent ex-
traction gas chromatographic method. Sample hetero-
geneity and opportunity for losses due to contaminant
volatility require considerations during sample han-
dling. analysis, and when interpreting analytical data.
(Copyright (c) 1988 Gordon and Breach, Science Pub-
lishers,Inc.)
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "Fuel contamination,
"Aquifers,	"Oxygen	demand,
Concentration(Composition), Sampling, Sediments,
Reprints, "Bioremediation, "Subsurface cores.
PB89-207476/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Information Management ana Services Div.
May 89,72p* EPA/IMSD-89/001
The bibliography focuses solely on stratospheric
ozone depletion. Global climate change, a related
issue, is not within its scope. The first section contains
an overview of stratospheric ozone issues. The
second section, entitled 'science', discusses atmos-
pheric chemistry and dynamics, specifically trace gas
emissions and ozone/UVB levels. The third section
contains citations relating to risk assessment for
humans and other organisms. Section IV includes in-
formation on domestic and international public policy.
The fifth section outlines research on substitutes and
alternatives for ozone-depletion substances. World-
wide participants in the Montreal Protocol are listed in
the Appendix.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Stratosphere, "Air pollution, 'Bib-
liographies, Substitutes, Public health,
Concentration(Composition). Public opinion, Atmos-
pheric chemistry, Risk assessment, tracer studies
Environmental health, Environmental effects.	'
PB89-207484/HSU	PC AM/MF A01
Understanding the Estuary: Advances In ChM^
peake Bay Research,
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MO
Chesapeake Bay Program.
M. P. Lynch, and E. C. Krome. Aug 88,640p CBP/
TRS-24/88
Also pub. as Chesapeake Research Consortium, Solo-
mons, MD. rept no. CRC-PUB-129. Proceedings of a
conference held in Baltimore, MD. on March 28-31
1988. Prepared in cooperation with Chesapeake R«I
search Consortium, Inc., Solomons, MD.
The conference proceedings provides a context for as-
sessing the relevance of scientific findings to the form,
term snorts to protect and restore the Chesapeake
watershed. The conference was primarily oriented to-
wards scientists engaged in research onfundamental
estuarine processes In Chesapeake Bay and secortt-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
arily oriented to managers with scientific and technical
backgrounds.
Keywords: 'Research projects, 'Estuaries, 'Water
pollution, 'Chesapeake Bay, 'Meetings, Oceano-
graphic data, Circulation, Organic compounds. Toxici-
ty, Genetics, Fisheries, Oysters, Nutrients, Sediments,
Pelagic zone, Salinity, Plankton, Oxygen, Dissolved
gases, Aquatic plants, Monitoring, Ecosystems, Troph-
ic level.
PW9-207872/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Regulatory Impact Analysis: Benefits and Costs
of Final Surface Water Treatment Rule.
Miller (Wade) Associates, Inc., Arlington, VA.
17Feb89,71p
Contract EPA-68-03-3514
See also PB88-251582. Sponsored bv Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Drinking
Water.
The report presents an analysis of the costs and bene-
fits of controlling microbiological contaminants in
public water systems using surface water sources
through the criteria specified in the final Surface Water
Treatment Rule (SWTR). The analysis was prepared in
compliance with Executive Order 12291 and the Regu-
latory Flexibility Act. A draft Regulatory Impact Analy-
sis was prepared on September 1, 1987, in support of
the proposed SWTR which was published in the Fed-
eral Register on November 7,1987. The present docu-
ment does not duplicate material presented previous-
ly. Instead, the document focuses on items which have
changed in the analysis since the publication of the
proposed rule, largely in response to public comments.
Keywords: 'Benefit cost analysis, 'Microorganism
control(Water), 'Water treatment, Filtration, Disinfec-
tion, Surface waters, Public utilities, Turbidity, Monitor-
ing, Regulations, Cost estimates, State government,
Requirements, Revisions.
PB80-2O788O/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
AsbMtos Content In Bulk Insulation Samples:
Visual Estimates and Wslght Composition.
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
I M.Stewart.Sep88,22pEPA/560/5-88/011
Contract EPA-68-02-4252
Prepared in cooperation with Lee (R.J.) Group, Inc.,
Monroeville, PA. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic Sub-
stances-
The document discusses the validity of the assump-
tions that are made in extrapolating an area/volume
percentage estimation to a weight percentage estima-
tion of the asbestos content of insulation and other
building materials. The document provides recommen-
dations for determining the asbestos content in bulk in-
sulation samples.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Insulation, Construction mate-
rials, Weight(Mass), Area, Volume, Microscopy, Visual
inspection, Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data).
PB89-207898/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Eneray Engineering Research Lab.
Proceedings of the Radon Diagnostics Workshop.
HaM at Princeton University, New Jersey on April
13-14,1M7. Rept. for Mar 87-Feb 88,
Princeton Univ., NJ. Center for Energy and Environ-
mental Studies.
OT. Harrje, and L. M. Hubbard. Jun 89.170p EPA/
000/9-89/057
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The proceedings comprise a consensus of current
Knowledge on Important radon diagnostic techniques
arid how they may best be applied. That knowledge is
summarized, placing the various radon diagnostic
tsohniques In perspective. Diagnostic approaches
offer Unproved evaluations of radon-related indoor air
ouallty problems. An informed solution involves knowl-
edoe oTthe building, the building site, and the interac-
tinnof radon sources with the living space. The diag-
nostics are applicable in four phases of the mitigation
process: (1) diagnostics that assess the radon prob-
lem; (2) premitigation diagnostics, from which a suita-
ble mitigation approach must be selected; (3) diagnos-
tics that check the performance of the radon mitigation
solution; and (4) diagnostics that determine If the
radon problem has been solved and that guideline
radon concentrations have not been exceeded over
the different seasonal conditions experienced.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Air pollution control, 'Buildings,
'Meetings, Diagnosis, Sites, Visual inspection, Walls,
Measurement, Gases, Soil properties, Radiation
measuring instruments, Seasonal variations,
Concentration(Composition), 'indoor air pollution.
PB89-207806/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Durability Testing of a Toyota LCS-M (Lean Com-
bustion System-Methanol) Carina. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Office of Mobile Sources.
G. K. Piotrowski. Jun 89,30p EPA/AA/CTAB-89/03
The report describes the exhaust emissions, fuel econ-
omy and oil sample analysis from a Toyota LCS-M
Carina motor vehicle fueled with M100 fuel. The vehi-
cle accumulated 6,000 miles driven over the AMA du-
rability driving schedule in order to determine if ex-
haust emissions levels increase during the first 5,000-
15,000 miles of driving with a light-duty methanol
fueled vehicle. The program description, test vehicle
description, test facilities and the test vehicle specifi-
cations are included.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, Durability. Exhaust emis-
sions, Fuel economy, Methanol fuels, Toyota LCS-M
Carina automobiles.
PB89-207914/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Review of the National Ambient Air Quality Stand-
ards for Lead: Exposure Analysis Methodology
and Validation. Staff rept. (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
J. Cohen. Jun 89,172p EPA/450/2-89/011
The report summarizes relevant information on multi-
media lead exposure and presents the modeling meth-
odologies that EPA staff believes should be consid-
ered for the review of the national ambient air quality
standards for lead. Results of validating one of these
methodologies are also presented. The significant
downward trends in gasoline lead emissions and lead
concentrations in the diet are accounted for in these
methodologies. Young children, pregnant women (as
exposure surrogates for the fetus), and middle-aged
men are identified as particularly susceptible to lead.
Three different exposure methodologies, developed
from a wide variety of data are described: the uptake/
biokinetic and aggregate air lead models, both applica-
ble to young children, and the disaggregate air lead
model, which is applicable to both young children and
adults. The uptake/biokinetic model allows explicit
projections of future lead concentrations in different
media and in turn can estimate the impacts of these
changes on different age groups of children. It is this
flexibility that makes the uptake/biokinetic model
adaptable for a wide range of predictive exposure as-
sessments and why it was the focus of the validation
exercises described in the paper. Results of these ex-
ercises indicate good concordance between predicted
and observed blood lead levels in children living near
different lead point sources.
Keywords: 'Air pollution standards, 'Lead organic
compounds, Exhaust emissions, Exhaust gases. Air
condition. Exposure, Children, Adults, Blood, Assess-
ments, Models, Tolerances(Physlology).
PB89-207922/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Control Technology Center.
Control Technology Assessment Report for Air
Emissions from Wastewater Treatment Oper-
ations.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC,
S. Harkins, and A. S. Damle. Apr 89,35pEPA/450/3-
89/008
Contract EPA-68-02-4397
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Control Technology Center.
Air emissions from the wastewater treatment oper-
ations at a chemical manufacturing plant were investi-
gated at the request of a State air pollution control
agency. The report presents information on existing
emission controls and options for additional controls,
with associated costs.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Industrial waste
treatment, Chemical industry, Waste water, Solvents,
Organic	compounds,	Vaporizing,
Stnppers(Distillation), Steam distillation,
Absorbers(Materials), Carbon, Storage tanks.
PB89-207948/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Kinematic Modeling of Multiphase Solute Trans-
port in the Vadose Zone. Final rept. Apr 86-Jul 88.
Texas Univ. at Austin. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
R. J. Charbeneau, J. W. Weaver, and V. J. Smith. Jun
89,169p EPA/600/2-89/035
Grant EPA-R-813080
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
The research project developed a computationally effi-
cient simulation model for multiphase flow of organic
hazardous waste constituents in the shallow soil envi-
ronment. Such a model is appropriate for investigation
of fate and transport of organic chemicals introduced
to the soil through spills on the ground surface, leak-
age from surface impoundments or underground stor-
age tanks, or land treatment of hazardous wastes.
During the initial phases of a site investigation there
usually does not exist sufficient data to support the ap-
plication of comprehensive, computationally expen-
sive numerical models. Simplified physically based
models which can address the transport of an organic
constituent experiencing volatilization, multiphase par-
titioning, biodegradation, and migration may be pre-
ferred. Two models based on the kinematic theory of
multiphase flow are developed and presented herein,
along with a number of illustrative examples. The Kine-
matic Oily Pollutant Transport (KOPT) model assumes
steady infiltration of water based on the expected
annual infiltration rate; the Kinematic Rainfall and Oily
Pollutant Transport (KROPT) model includes transient
hydrolooic phenomena (evaporation and infiltration)
along with a model for stochastic generation of rainfall.
Keywords: 'Soil analysis. 'Organic compounds, 'Haz-
ardous materials, Transport properties, 'Environmen-
tal transport, "Environmental fate.
PB89-207955/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Internally Staged Coal Burners and
Sorbent Jet Aerodynamics for Combined S02/
NOx Control In Utility Boilers. Volume 1. Testing In
a 10 Million Btu/hr Experimental Furnace. Final
rept. Oct 82-Jun 85.
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
B. M. Cetegen, J. Clough, G. C. England, T. R.
Johnson, and Y. Kwan. Jun 89,297p EPA/600/7-89/
007
Contract EPA-68-02-3923
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Apency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lao.
The document gives results of tests conducted in a 2
MWt experimental furnace to: investigate ways to
reduce NOx emissions from utility coal burners without
external air ports (i.e., with internal fuel/air staging);
and improve the performance of calcium-based aor-
bents for S02 control, by modifying the design and op-
eration of the sorbent jets. NOx emissions could be re-
duced by 50-60% (to 300-500 ppm) without external
ports by using two secondary air channels in the
burner throat, and by modifying the coal nozzle. A
baffle in the outer secondary air channel also appears
necessary where high secondary air velocities cannot
be avoided. Sorbent testing confirmed that jet design/
operation must focus on protscting the sorbent from
seeing high peak temperatures: a peak temperature of
1230-1290 C gave optimum sorbent performance.
S02 removals of 80% at Ca/S = 8 were achieved
with a pressure-hydrated lime at this temperature. Jet
design to increase sorbent heating rate might also
have a secondary effect in improving performance.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Burners, *Coal,
'Sulfur dioxide, 'Nitric oxides, Emission, Nozzles, Jet
flow, Sorbents, Air pollution, Exhaust gases.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB89-207963/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Your Guide to EPA (Environmental Protection
Agency) Clearinghouses and Hotlines (Revised).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Information Management and Services Div.
May 89,63p* EPA/IMSD-88/011
See also PB86-183456.
Many clearinghouses and hotlines have been set up by
EPA to respond to legislative initiatives requiring the
Agency to facilitate communications and technology
transfer. The Guide is part of the Library's continuing
effort to provide information and foster communica-
tions about clearinghouses and hotlines within the
Agency. The Guide is updated semi-annually.
Keywords: 'Information services, 'Directories, *US
EPA, 'Clearinghouses, 'Hotlines, 'Environmental
issues.
PB89-208144/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Toxics-Release Inventory: A National Perspective,
1987.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Jun 89,349p* EPA/560/4-09/005
Also available from Supt. of Docs. See also PB89-
208151.
The 1987 Toxics Release Inventory was mandated by
the 'Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-
Know Act' enacted by Congress in October of 1986.
The law, also known as Title III of the Superfund
Amendments, is based on the premise that citizens
have a 'right-to-know' about toxic chemicals in their
communities, and has two main purposes: to encour-
age planning for response to chemical accidents; and
to provide the public and the government information
about possible chemical hazards in their communities.
The law requires States to establish State Emergency
Response Commissions and Local Emergency Plan-
ning Committees to collect detailed information of
local manufacturers. The law further requires certain
manufacturers to report to the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency (EPA) and to States the amounts of
over 300 toxic chemicals that they release directly to
air, water, or land, or that they transport to off-site fa-
cilities. In addition, the law specifies that the EPA must
compile these reports into an annual inventory of re-
teases and transfers, the Toxics Release Inventory
(THi), and make the inventory available to the public in
a computerized database. The report summarizes re-
lease and transfer data for 1987, the first year of data
collection under TRI.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Environmental
surveys, Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal, Air
pollution, Water pollution, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), State government,
Graphs(Charts), Maps, 'Toxic substances, 'Communi-
ty Right to Know Act of 1986, Superfund program,
Land pollution, Environmental transport.
PB89-208151/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Toxics-Release Inventory. Executive Summary.
Hampshire Research Associates, Alexandria, VA.
Jun 89,29p* EPA/560/4-89/006
See also PB89-208144. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic
Substances.
The report highlights the full National Report which
gives detail on the release of chemicals to land, air and
water. The summary includes graphs and maps to
make the report both easy to understand and very in-
formative.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Environmental
surveys, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal, Air
pollution, Water pollution, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), State government,
Graphs(Charts), Maps, 'Toxic substances, 'Communi-
ty Right to Know Act of 1986, Superfund program, En-
vironmental transport, Land pollution.
PB89-208169/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act)
Inspection Manual. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Waste Programs Enforcement.
22 Apr 88,376p* EPA/OWPE-88/001, OSWER-
9938.2A
The RCRA Inspection Manual is intended to assist
RCRA field inspectors in their performance of Compli-
ance Evaluation Inspections of RCRA generators,
transporters, and treatment, storage, and disposal fa-
cilities. Included in the document are inspection proce-
dures for both interim status and permitted facilities.
The guidance also provides inspection checklists to
aid the inspectors in their review of facility compliance.
The Manual will assist RCRA inspectors and enforce-
ment personnel to: conduct RCRA inspections effi-
ciently and professionally, to determine facility compli-
ance with RCRA regulations, adequately prepare for
and conduct inspections at RCRA generators, trans-
porters and TSD's, review facility permits for inspec-
tion of permitted facilities, and prepare quality inspec-
tion reports.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Facilities, Inspec-
tion, Manuals, Licenses, Waste treatment, Storage,
Solid waste disposal, Law enforcement, Regulations,
Transportation, Tox, Requirements, Incinerators, Earth
fills, Ground water, Monitoring, Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act, Compliance.
PB89-208334/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Genetic Engineering of Enhanced Microbial Nitrifi-
cation. Environmental research brief Aug 83-Sep 88.
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Dept. of Microbiological and Mo-
lecular Gsn0tics
M. Carsiotis, and S. Khanna. Jun 69,10p EPA/600/M-
89/011
Grant EPA-R-810888
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
Experiments were conducted to introduce genetic in-
formation in the form of antibiotic or mercuric ion re-
sistance genes into Nitrobacter hamburgenesis strain
X14. The resistance genes were either stable compo-
nents of broad host range plasmids or transoosable
genes on plasmids presumably unable to replicate in
strain X14. Four methods for plasmid transformation
as well as conjugation with various donor strains of Es-
cherichia coll failed. The leuB gene containing DNA
was restriction-mapped and the 1.3 kilobase pair gene
was subcloned into a vector suitable for use in DNA
sequencing. To date, a tentative sequence comprising
about 1300 bases has been obtained. Although the pri-
mary goal of developing a procedure for introducing
genetic material into a nitrifying organism has not yet
been achieved, the results achieved have produced
useful information on the genomic organization of Ni-
trobacter as well as a plasmid-borne library of genes
from that organism. Future experiments can be made
with this library in order to provide additional basic In-
formation on Nitrobacter's genome.
Keywords: 'Nitrification, 'Nitrobacter, Bacterial pro-
teins, 'Genetic engineering. Resistance plasmids, Ni-
trobacter hamburgenesis, Genetic vectors, Trans'
tion, Waste water treatment.
PB89-208607/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Acute Toxicity of Malathion, TetrabromoMa-
phenol-A, and Trlbutyltin Chloride to Mysids ('My.
•Idopsls bahla') of Three Ages. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
L. R. Goodman, G. M. Cripe, P. H. Moody, alnd D. G
Halsell. c1988,11p EPA/600/J-88/278
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v41 p746-753,1988. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Computer Sciences Corp., Gulf Breeze, Fl_
and University of West Florida, Pensacola.	'
Mysids (Mysidopsis bahia) of three ages (< or = 1 -, 5-
, and 10-d-old at test initiation) were confined within
the same aquaria and exposed to measured concen-
trations of malathion, tetrabromobisphenol-A, and trl-
butyltin chloride in separate 96-hr acute toxicity teste.
Sensitivities of the three age groups were very similar
Ninety-six hour LC50 values ranged from 2.6 to 3.1
micro g/L for malathion and from 1.1 to 2.2 micro g/L
for tributyltln chloride. The 96-hr LC50 for < or = f-d-
old mysids exposed to tetrabromobisphenol-A was
860 micro g/L, and about 50% of the 5- and 10-d-oid
mysids died at 1150 micro g/L.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Toxicity, 'Malathion, Estu-
aries, Exposure, Lethal dosage. Water pollution, Re-
prints, 'Mysidopsis bahia, 'Tetrabromobisphenol-A.
'Tributyltin chloride, Dose response relationships. Am
groups, Biological effects.
PB89-208615/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
Estimation of the Generalized Co variance Func-
tion. 2. A Response Surface Approach. Journal tr-
ticle.
Nevada Univ., Las Vegas. Environmental Research
Center.
T. H. Starks, and A. R. Sparks. c1987,18p EPA/600/
J-87/471
Pub. in Mathematical Geology, v19 n8 p769-783 1867
Prepared in cooperation with Computer Sciences
Corp., Las Vegas, NV. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
A procedure is proposed that employs first-moment
estimation (krlging), cross-validation, and response
surface analysis to estimate parameters of a general-
ized covariance function. Results from application of
the procedure to two data sets are given, uie results
are useful for problems in geostatistics and environ-
mental monitoring.
Keywords: 'Covariance, Reprints, 'Generalized covw-
iance functions, Parameter estimation. Response sur-
face analysis, Cross validation, Krlging, Environmental
monitoring.
PB89-208623/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Embryo Ecology ot the Pacific Surf Smelt, *Hvdo»
mesus prstiosus' (Pisces: Oemeridse). Journal art-
cle
Transfec- Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
D. P. Middaugh, M. J. Hemmer, and D. E. Penttila.
C1988,13p EPA/600/J-87/468, CONTRIB-557
PB89-208S99/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Principles of Toxicity Testing with Marine Unicel-
lular Algse. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
G. E. Walsh. 1988,11p EPA/600/J-88/279, PUB-606
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v7
p979-987 1988. Presented at workshop on 'Tech-
niques for Culturing Marine Algae and Invertebrates for
Use in Toxicity Tests', Annual Meeting of the Society
of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (7th), Al-
exandria, Virginia, November 205,1986.
Toxicity testing with unicellular algae requires applica-
tion of the principles of phycology and microbiology to
culturing, handling, and exposing the organisms. The
brief review describes major aspects of algal toxicity
testing, including growth curves, factors that influence
population growth in culture (light, temperature,
medium composition, pH, and salinity), choice of test
species, measurement of population density, enu-
meration of living and dead cells, numerical expression
of toxic effects, and bioaccumulation.
Keywords: 'Aquatic microbiology. Tests, Phytoplank-
ton, Algae, Toxicity, Contaminants, Reprints.
Pub. in Pacific Science. v41 n1-4 1988. Prepared in co-
operation with Washington State Dept. of Flnhnllo.
Seattle.
A study of the ecology of developing embryos of tha
Pacific surf smelt, Hypomesus pretiosus, was
ed. Embryos were maintained in the laboratory andth*
time to specific embryonic stages determined. Than
was no significant difference in survival between t£T
groups (ANOVA, P = 0.53). Field observations ityje*?
ed that embryos are spawned in patches in the wear
intertidal zone near the time of high tide. They araS.
tached to gravel substrates by the zona radiata manw
brane which ruptures and quickly turns inside out at th*
time embryos are fertilized. After several days of 52
velopment embryos detach from the original TOnwiuIkl
substrates and are washed seaward and down into itS
gravel substrate in the intertidal zone. However than
was no significant difference (ANOVA. P > or J ooi
in the number of eggs found at each of 4 depth
in the upper, middle and lower intertidal zones, <'
right (c) 1988 by the University of Hawaii Prees.)
Keywords: 'Fishes, Statistical development, Marina M.
oiogy, Animal behavior. Reprints, 'Hypomesus oUSZ
sus, Fetal development. Pacific surf smeit. Habitat.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB89-208698/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Microinjection of Chemical Carclnogene Into
Small Fish Embryos: Exocrine Pancreatic Neo-
plasm In 'Fundulua grandls' Exposed to N-methyl-
N'-nitro-N-Nitrosoguanldlne. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
J. M. Grizzle, M. R. Putnam, J. W. Fournie, and J. A.
Couch. c1988,8p EPA/600/J-88/282
Pub. in Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v5 p101-l05
1988. Prepared in cooperation with Auburn Univ., AL.
Gulf killifish (Fundulus grandis) embryos were injected
with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG).
Retention of carcinogen in the egg immediately after
injection was highly variable. Hatching percentages of
MNNG-injected and uninjected embryos were similar,
but survival of MNNG-injected fish during the first week
after hatching was less than half of the survival of con-
trols. One of three MNNG-exposed fish examined after
20 weeks had a pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma, a
type of neoplasm seldom found in fish. No neoplasms
were found in controls nor in MNNG-exposed fish ex-
amined after 34 weeks. The neoplasm was invasive
and had a high mitotic index, but no metastases were
found. The acinar cell origin of the tumor was con-
firmed by ultrastructural examination of tissue reproc-
essed from paraffin into epoxy resin. (Copyright (c)
Inter-Research.)
Keywords: 'Carcinogens, "Fishes, 'Embryos, Malig-
nant neoplasms, Laboratory animals, Reprints, 'Fun-
dulus grandis, 'Nitrosoguanldines, Animal models,
Medical oncology.
PB89-208839/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Interface of a Mlcrobore HIgh-Performance Liquid
Chromatograph with a Diffuse Reflectance Fouri-
er Transform Infrared Spectrometer. Journal arti-
cle.
California Univ., Riverside. Dept. of Chemistry.
C. M. Conroy, P. R. Griffiths, and K. Jinno. C1985,6p
EPA/600/J-85/543
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v57 n4 p822-825 Apr 85.
Prepared in cooperation with Toyohashi Univ. of Tech-
nology (Japan). School of Materials Science. Spon-
sored by Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Some of the problems commonly found In high-per-
formance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/Fourier
transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) can be alleviat-
ed through the use of microbore HPLC columns. An
interface based on a solvent elimination technique and
utilizing the microsampling capability of diffuse reflec-
tance (DR) FTIR haB been designed for use with mi-
crobore HPLC. Detection limits achieved with the inter-
face are about an order of magnitude lower than those
previously reported. Several different microbore col-
umns were studied and the relative advantages and
disadvantages of each, with respect to the interface,
are discussed. (Copyright (c) 1985 American Chemical
Society.)
Keywords: 'Infrared spectra, 'Fourier transformations,
Interfaces, Column packings, Boring, Instrumentation,
Reprints, 'Liquid chromatography.
PB89-20M47/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Metal Speclatlon by Donnan Dialysis. Journal arti-
cle.
Southern Illinois Univ. at Carbondale. Dept. of Chemis-
try and Biochemistry.
J. A. Cox, K. Slonawska, D. K. Gatchell, and A. G.
Hiebert. C1984,6p EPA/600/ J-84/417
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v56 n4 p650-653 Apr 84.
Prepared In cooperation with Knox Coll., Galesburg, IL.
Dept of Chemistry. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab., Athens, GA.
In Donnan dialysis, aqueous samples are separated
from receiver electrolytes by an ion exchange mem-
brane. The present work demonstrates that the dialy-
sis of metal into salt solutions occurs in proportion to
the sum of the concentrations of the free metal and the
metal held in the form of labile complexes. With
strongly acidic or chelating receivers, however, the di-
alysis occurs in proportion to the total soluble metal.
Hence, Donnan dialysis provides the basis for a rapid
estimation of the total soluble (l.e., free plus labile
complexed) metal and nonlabile-complexed metal.
The metal is demonstrated with Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd
complexes of glycine, humlc acid, and nitrilotrlacetic
acid and Is applied to a lake water sample. The results
are compared to values obtained from an established
approach that uses stripping voltammetry and separa-
tion with a chelating ion exchange resin. (Copyright (c)
1984 American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Dialysis, 'Water pollution, 'Metals, 'Ion
exchange membrane electrolytes, 'Chelates,
Tables(Data), Quantitative analysis, Acetic acid, Ni-
trites, Complex compounds, Glycine, Humic acids.
Lead, Zinc, Copper, Cadmium, Reprints.
PB89-208854/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Selection of the Receiver Electrolyte for the
Donnan Dialysis Enrichment of Cations. Journal ar-
ticle.
Southern Illinois Univ. at Carbondale. Dept. of Chemis-
try and Biochemistry.
J. A. Cox, T. Gray, K. S. Yoon, Y. T. Kim, and Z.
Twardowski. cDec 84,5p EPA/600/J-84/418
Pub. in Analyst, v109 n12 p1603-1605 Dec 84. Spon-
sored by Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
The Donnan dialysis of cations is typically performed
with sulphonated ion-exchange membranes. Factors
that govern the selection of the receiver electrolyte
when such membranes are used are described. In
terms of providing high enrichment factors that are
similar for a variety of cations and constituting a
medium that is compatible with various quantification
methods, a mixture containing 0.2 M MgS04 and 0.5
mM A12(S04)3 at pH 1 is the recommended electro-
lyte. For use with cadmium and copper ion-selective
electrodes, the pH is adjusted to 3.5-4 after the dialy-
sis. For quantification with a lead ion-selective elec-
trode, the receiver consists of the nitrate salts of
Mg(lll) and A1 (III).
Keywords: 'Dialysis, 'Quantitative analysis, 'Cations,
'Ion exchange membrane electrolytes, Magnesium
sulfates, Aluminum sulfate, Cadmium, Copper, Elec-
trodes, Lead, Tables(Data), Reprints.
PB09-208862/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Optimization of QC/FT-IR (Gas Chromatograph/
Fourier Transform-Infrared) Measurements. 2. Op-
tical Design. Journal article.
California Univ., Riverside. Dept. of Chemistry.
P. W. J. Yang, and P. R. Griffiths. C1984,8p EPA/600/
J-84/420
Pub. in Applied Spectroscopy, v38 n6 p816-821 Aug
84. See also PB89-208888. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Several optical designs for GC/FTIR have been inves-
tigated. It was found that reflection losses occurring in
the light-pipe cause the solid angle of the emerging
beam to Be much smaller than that of the input beam.
That property permits a very small image at the detec-
tor to be achieved since the collection mirror may be
mounted well away from the end of the light-pipe. With
an optical configuration of this sort, the effect of radi-
ation emitted from the light-pipe saturating the re-
sponse of the detector is also minimized. (Copyright (c)
1984 Society for Applied Spectroscopy.)
Keywords: 'Gas chromatography, 'Design criteria,
Fourier transformations, Infrared spectroscopy, Instru-
ments, Optical prisms, Graphs(Charts), Reprints.
PB89-208870/H8U	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Simulation of Electron Impact Mass Spectra by
Charge Exchange In Chemical Ionization Mass
Spectrometry. Journal article.
Virginia Univ., Charlottesville. Dept. of Chemistry.
~. F. Hunt, and P. J. Gale. c1984,6p EPA/600/ J-84/
422
Pub. In Analytical Chemistry, v56 n7 p1111-1114 Jun
84. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.,
Athens, GA.
Chemical ionization conditions were developed for ob-
taining mass spectra that bear a striking resemblance
to electron impact (El) spectra. The method, which
employs charge exchange reactions In a high-pressure
source, is applied to the identification of pnority pollut-
ants. In most cases, identification of the compounds
by using computer-generated searches of the pseudo-
El spectra against libraries of true El spectra was pos-
sible with confidence levels of 80% or greater. (Copy-
right (c) 1984 American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Mass spectra, 'Contaminants, 'Electrons,
'Qualitative analysis, 'Organic wastes, Ionization,
High pressure tests, Methodology, Pesticides,
Charged particles, Simulation, Impact, Reprints.
PB89-208888/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Optimization of QC/FT-IR (Gas Chromatograph/
Fourier Transform-Infrared) Measurements. 1.
Construction of Ught-Plpes. Journal article.
California Univ., Riverside. Dept. of Chemistry.
P. W. J. Yang, E. L. Ethridge, J. L. Lane, and P. R.
Griffiths. C1984,6p EPA/600/J-84/423
Pub. in Applied Spectroscopy, v38 n6 p813-816 1984.
See also PB89-208862. Sponsored by Environmental
Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Conditions under which light-pipes with highly repro-
ducible transmittance are prepared are described.
Preparation of borosilicate glass tubing by washing
with HF and SiCI2 solution gave the best results. Elec-
tron microscopy showed tnat drawn capillary tubing
had a much smoother bore than 'precision-bore
(drilled) tubing, and light-pipes constructed from drawn
tubing had a much higher transmittance. Annealing the
tubes at 800 C appeared to cause the gold coating to
be more tightly held to the glass tubing. Light-pipes
that had been annealed at 800 C could have small
holes drilled through the tubing without the gold coat-
ing lifting. (Copynght (c) 1984 Society for Applied
Spectroscopy.)
Keywords: 'Gas chromatography, 'infrared spectros-
copy, 'Capillary tubes, Fourier transformations, Trans-
mittance, Borosilicate glass, Light sources, Annealing,
Gold, Metal coatings, Electron microscopy, Reprints.
PB89-208896/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Gradient Liquid Chromatography/Maas Spec-
trometry Using Microbore Columns and a Moving
Belt Interface. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA. Office of
Research and Development.
M. J. Hayes, H. E. Schwartz, P. Vouros, and B. L.
Karger. c1984,10p EPA/600/J-84/419
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v56 n8 p1229-1236 Jul
84. Also pub. as Northeastern Univ., Boston, MA. rept.
no. CONTRIB-186. Prepared in cooperation with
Northeastern Univ., Boston, MA. Barnett Inst, of
Chemical Analysis and Materials Science.
High-performance gradient microbore LC/MS is dem-
onstrated by use of spray deposition onto a moving
belt surface. A simplified nebulizer design is shown to
provide convenient operation and high transfer effi-
ciency over a wide range of flow and solvent condi-
tions. It is shown further that the extracolumn variance
of the LC/MS system is sufficiently small to allow the
use of relatively short 5 micrometers and 7.5 microme-
ters reversed-phase microbore columns without signif-
icant loss in resolution. Relatively high microbore How
rates (about 100 microL/min) are possible for fast
analysis and sensitivity. The LC/MS technique is ap-
plied to the analysis of phenols in a aqueous coal gas-
ification sample. Detection limits for full scan LC/EI-
MS are found to be about 6 ng for some representative
phenols. (Copyright (c) 1984 American Chemical Soci-
ety.)
Keywords: 'Mass spectroscopy, 'Phenols, Column
packings, Boring, Interfaces, Motion, Qualitative analy-
sis, Belt conveyors, Graphs(Charts), Reprints, 'Liquid
chromatography.
PBM-206M4/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
National Science Foundation, Washington, DC.
Comparison of Gas Chromatography/Fourier
Transform Infrared Spectrometrtc Gram-Schmidt
Reconstructions from Different interferometers.
Journal article.
California Univ., Riverside. Dept. of Chemistry.
G. M. Brissey, D. E. Henry, G. N. Giss, P. W. Yang, and
P. R. Griffiths. c1984,7p EPA/600/J-84/421
Grant NSF-CHE82-08073
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v56 n12 p2002-2006 Oct
84. Sponsored by National Science Foundation,
Washington, DC., and Environmental Research Lab.,
Athens, GA. Office of Research and Development.
The results of an experimental comparison of Gram-
Schmidt GC/FT-IR cnromatogram reconstructions as
calculated from data measured on two different inter-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ferometers are presented. The comparison was made
using the same sample, GC column, separation condi-
tions, transfer lines, light pipe, detector, and detector
optics. Only the interferometers, source, source optics,
and data systems were varied. It is determined that the
optimum vector displacement is dependent on the sta-
bility of the interferometer used, but in general the cen-
terburst should be just outside the sampled area.
(Copyright (c) 1984 American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: *Gas chromatography, 'Interferometers,
Infrared spectroscopy, Fourier transformations, Com-
parison, Graphs(Charts), Reprints.
PB89-208912/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA. Office of
Research and Development.
Scheme for the Direct Analysis of Organlcs In the
Environment by Tandem Mass Spectrometry.
Journal article.
Virginia Univ., Charlottesville. Dept. of Chemistry.
D. F. Hunt, J. Shabanowitz, T. M. Harvey, and M.
Coates. C1985,15p EPA/600/J-85/544
Grant EPA-R-805790
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v57 n2 p525-537 Feb 85.
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Athens,
GA. Office of Research and Development, and Army
Research Office, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Direct analysis of hazardous organic chemicals in the
environment by tandem mass spectrometry is de-
scribed. Liquid and solid chemical wastes and residues
from lyophilized aqueous solutions are volatilized di-
rectly into the ion source of a triple quadrupole instru-
ment. All or most wet chemical and chromatographic
separation steps are eliminated. Analysis of phtha-
lates, aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorocaroons, phenols,
amines, and carboxylic acids by functional group and
molecular weight is accomplished by using the tech-
nique of collision activated dissociation and a series of
0.5-s neutral loss and parent ion scans under data
system control on a triple quadrupole instrument. Both
knowns and unknowns are characterized, detection
limits are at the 10-100 ppb level, and the total analysis
time per sample is typically only 25-30 min. (Copyright
(c) 1985 American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: *Mass spectra, 'Water pollution, 'Hazard-
ous materials, 'Quantitative analysis, Organic wastes,
Phthalates, Phenols, Amines, Chlorohydrocarbons,
Tables(Data), Reprints.
PB89-208920/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of FGD (Flue Gas Desulfurlzatlon) Dry
Injection Sorbents and Additives. Volume 1. De-
velopment of High Reactivity Sorbents. Final rept.
Jan 86-Dec 87.
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC. Environ-
mental Systems Div.
W. Jozewicz, and J. C. S. Chang. May 89,122p EPA/
600/7-89-006A
Contract EPA-68-02-3988
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report discusses recent work addressing lime en-
hancement by slurrying with siliceous materials and
testing in a laboratory packed-bed reactor, as part of
EPA's efforts to develop low cost, retrofit flue gas
cleaning technology, including the development of
highly reactive sorbents. The solids generated 1rom a
furnace limestone injection process were reactivated
by slurrying at elevated temperatures. Compared with
untreated solids, reactivity toward S02 was significant-
ly enhanced by hydration. The S02 capture by solids
increased with increasing time and temperature of hy-
dration. The dry sorbents produced by slurrying sever-
al diatomaceous earths, or montmorillonitic clays, with
lime were found to be highly reactive with S02. The
most reactive sorbent was generated by slurrying
silica/lime at a weight ratio of 1 to 1. The morphology
of the developed sorbents was characterized. Several
additives were tested to evaluate their potential to pro-
mote the lime/silica reaction rate and increase sorbent
reactivity.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Additives. 'Sor-
bents,'Sulfur dioxide,'Silicon dioxide, Slurnes, Cal-
cium oxides, Performance evaluation, piatomaceous
earth, Graphs(Charts), Experimental dasign lndustrial
wastes, Hydration, Chemical reactions, Boilers, Flue
gas desulfurization, 'Dry methods, Stationary sources,
Limestone injection.
PB89-208938/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Regulation and Policy Matrices: A Guide to the
Rules Governing Grants Awarded under the Con-
struction Grants Program. Update 1987.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Municipal Pollution Control.
Sep 87,37p
See also PB09-114219.
Presented is the 1987 update material for the publica-
tion. It contains a listing and brief description of the
Federal Register notices of the construction grants
program.
Keywords: 'Regulations, 'Law enforcement, 'Sewage
treatment, 'Water pollution control, 'Government poli-
cies, 'Grants, Tables(Data), National government,
State government, Local government, Cost analysis,
'Pollution regulations, 'Construction Grants Pro-
grams, Best technology, Clean Water Act.
PB89-209647/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Effects of the Herbicide Alachlor on Larval Devel-
opment of the Mud Crab, 'Rhlthropanopeus harri-
sii' (Gould). Journal article.
Duke Univ., Beaufort, NC. Marine Lab.
R. L. Takacs, R. B. Forward, and W. Kirby-Smith.
C1988, 7p EPA/600/J-88/285
Grant EPA-R-813415
Pub. in Estuaries, v11 n2 p79-82 Jun 88. Sponsored by
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL., and
National Science Foundation, Washington, DC.
The effects of the herbicide alachlor, in both technical
grade and commercial product form (Lasso(R)), were
tested for acute toxicity on larvae of the estuarine crab
Rhithropanopeus harrisii. The generalized effect is a
reduction in survival and a lengthening of developmen-
tal time with an increase in concentration. The LC(sub
50) values were inversely proportional to exposure
time and ranged from 10 to 27 ppm. Lasso(R) was
slightly more toxic than technical grade alachlor.
(Copyright (c) 1988 Estuarine Research Federation.)
Keywords: 'Herbicides, 'Toxicity, 'Crabs, 'Larvae,
Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Lethal
dosage, Growth abnormalities, Marine biology, Re-
prints, 'Toxic substances, 'Alachlor, Rhithropanopeus
harrisii.
PB89-209654/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Multispecies System for Evaluation of Infectlvlty
and Pathogenicity of Microbial Pest Control
Agents in Nontarget Aquatic Species. Journal arti-
cle.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
J. W. Fournie, S. S. Foss, and J. A. Couch. 8 Sep 88,
11 p EPA/600/J-88/284, GULF BREEZE CONTRIB-
640
Pub. in Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v5 p63-70
1988.
Microbial pest control agents (MPCAs) such as vi-
ruses, bacteria, protozoa, and fungi, are being used as
biological pesticides and herbicides. Test animals
must be selected and laboratory systems developed to
evaluate safety of such agents to nontarget species. A
simple, multispecies laboratory system has been de-
signed and used to determine risks of infectivity and
pathogenicity of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Col-
lego (R)), a registered postemergent mycoherbicide, to
nontarget freshwater and estuarine plant and animal
species. Test organisms included a freshwater and an
estuarine fish, crustacean, bivalve mollusk, and plant.
Results from the study have shown these multispecies
test systems to be viable, inexpensive, and reliable.
Histopathological methods used indicated no evi-
dence that experimental exposure to the fungal MPCA
in the test system caused infection or related pathoge-
nicity in the selected nontarget species.
Keywords: 'Biological agents, 'Pest control, Biocides,
Aquatic biology, In vivo analysis, Laboratory tests, Bio-
assay, Pesticides, Herbicides, Reprints, 'Environmen-
tal tests, Pathogenesis, Colletotrichum gloeospor-
ioides.
PB89-209662/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Conjugal Transfer of R68.45 and FP5 between
'Pseudomonas aeruginosa' Strains in a Freshwa-
ter Environment. Journal article.
Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL
S. B. O'Morchoe, 0. Oguseitan, G. S. Sayler, and R. V.
Miller. C1988,9p EP A/600/J-88/283
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v54
n8 p1923-1929 Aug 88. Prepared in cooperation with
Tennessee Univ., Knoxville. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Recent concern over the release of genetically engi-
neered organisms has resulted in a need for informa-
tion about the potential for gene transfer in the envi-
ronment. The report examines the potential for conju-
gal transfer of the plasmids R68.45 and FP5 by conju-
gation in a freshwater environment using Pseudo-
monas aeruginosa as a test system and Fort Loudoun
Reservoir, Knoxville, Tennessee as the field rite.
When genetically well-defined plasmid donor and re-
cipient strains were introduced into test chambers sus-
pended in Fort Loudoun Lake, transfer of both plas-
mids was observed. Conjugation occurred both In the
presence and absence of the natural microbial com-
munity. The number of transconjugants recovered was
lower when the natural community was present Trans-
fer of the broad-host-range plasmid R68.45 to ona-
nisms other than the introduced recipient was not ob-
served in the chambers but was observed in laboratory
simulations when an organism isolated from lakewater
was used as the recipient strain. (Copyright (c) 1968,
American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords'. 'Fresh water biology, 'Pseudomonas, Field
tests, Aquatic microbiology, Pseudomonadacae, Re-
prints, "Transfection, 'Plasmids, Environmental per'
sistence, Genetic engineering.
PB69-209803/HSU	PC A03/MF M1
Seasonal Changes in the Standing Crop and Chlo-
rophyll Content of Thalassla teatudHium' nanin
Ex Koenlg and Its Epiphytes In the Northern QuH
of Mexico. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
J. M. Macauley, J. R. Clark, and W. A. Price. c1988,
17p EPA/600/J-88/280, CONTRIB-611
Pub. in Aquatic Botany, v31 p277-287 1988. Prepared
in cooperation with Technical Resources, Inc., Guff
Breeze, FL„ and University of West Florida, Pertsaco-
The seasonal cycle for standing crop and chlorophyll
content of Thalassla testudlnum and Its epiphytes la
described from monitoring data collected at a study
site in Santa Rosa Sound, northwestern Florida, from
December 1983 through March 1987. Water tempera-
ture correlated more highly with standing crop and
chlorophyll measurements than did salinity or incident
light. The seasonal cycle described for Thalassla waa
positively correlated with temperature whereas epi-
phyte standing crop was negatively correlated with
water temperature. These findings are compared with
other reports on seasonality of Thalassla growth.
Keywords: 'Sea grasses, 'Seasonal variations. Chlor-
ophylls, Plant growth, Gulf of Mexico, Aquatic plants.
Salinity, Energy absorption, Reprints, 'Thalassla teMu-
dinum, Water temperature.
PB89-209811/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Mlnutocellus potymorphus': A New Marine Diatom
for Use In Algal Toxicity Tests. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
G. E. Walsh, L. L. McLaughlin, M. J. Voder, P. H.
Moody, and E. M. Lores. 1988,8p EPA/600/J-88/281
CONTRIB-627
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry v7
P925-9291988.
The marine diatom, Mlnutocellus .
suited for use as a test species in ak
Its responses to 19 toxicants in a modification of Aqt*
a chemically defined phytoptankton culture medium'
compared favorably with those of Skeletonema TW>
turn, a common test species. The alga grows ruHv
allowing a test duration of 48 h, thus minimizing ooriv
plications due to toxicant degradation, volatilization
and adsorption to test vessel walls. These and other
characteristics argue strongly for use of M. polymer,
phua as a standard organism In algal toxicity teats.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Diatoms, 'Toxicity, Marine biology,
Plants(Botany), Algae, Environmental tests, Reprints,
'Minutocellus polymorphus.
PB89-209829/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4): In-
dependent Nail, Beaufort, Beaufort County, South
Carolina (Second Remedial Action), August 1988,
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
8 Mar 88,69p EPA/ROD/R04-88/040
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Independent Nail site, occupying 24.6 acres, is lo-
cated near the town of Beaufort, South Carolina. The
Black and Johns on Company, previous owners of the
site, manufactured metallic screws and fasteners. As
part of the manufacturing process, the company dis-
charged approximately 33,000 gallons per day of plat-
ing wastewater into an unlined infiltration lagoon. The
discharge rate may have been as high as 75,000 gal-
lons per day. The lagoon was in use from approximate-
ly 1969 to 1980. The South Carolina Department of
Health and Environmental Control reported that
wastewater contained some organic cleaning solvents
and metals. The primary contaminants of concern in-
clude chromium, zinc and cyanide.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
Sites, Water pollution, Chromium, Iron, Lead(Metal),
Mercury, Cyanides, Record of Decision, First Remedial
Action, 'Superfund, Beaufort(South Carolina).
PB89-210629/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Radiological Surveys of Naval Facilities on Puget
Sound. Final rept.
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
V. D. Lloyd, and R. L. Blanchard. Jun 89,36p EPA/
520/5-88/016
The report presents results of surveys conducted to
assess levels of environmental radioactivity resulting
from maintenance and operation of nuclear-powered
warships at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Naval Sub-
marine Base, Bangor, and the proposed Carrier Battle
Group Homeporting Site in northwestern Washington.
The purpose of the survey was to determine if activi-
ties related to nuclear-powered warships resulted in
release of radionuclides which may contribute to signif-
icant population exposure or contamination of the en-
vironment.
Keywords: 'Radioactive contaminants, 'Environmen-
tal surveys, 'Warships, 'Puget Sound, California, Envi-
ronment protection, Military facilities, Sediments, 'Ra-
diation monitoring, 'Nuclear powered ships, Path of
pollutants.
PB89-210637/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Radiological Survey of the Mare Island Naval
Shipyard, Alameda Naval Air Station, and Hunters
Point Shipyard.
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
M. O. Semler, and R. L. Blanchard. Jun 89,25p EPA/
520/5-88/018
The report presents results of surveys conducted to
assess levels of environmental radioactivity resulting
from maintenance and operation of nuclear-powered
warships at Naval facilities located within San Francis-
co and San Pablo Bays on the California coast. The
purpose of the survey was to determine if activities re-
lated to nuclear-powered warships resulted in release
of radionuclides which may contribute to significant
population exposure or contamination of the environ-
ment.
Keywords: 'Radioactive contaminants, 'Environmen-
tal surveys, *San Francisco Bay, 'San Pablo Bay, Cali-
fornia, Radioactivity, Sediments, Military facilities, 'Ra-
diation monitoring, 'Nuclear powered ships, 'Water
pollution sampling.
PBS9-210645/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Radiological Survey of San Diego Bay. Final rept.
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
3*0. Semler, and R. L. Blanchard. Jun 89,27p EPA/
520/5-88/019
The report presents results of surveys conducted to
assess levels of environmental radioactivity resulting
from maintenance and operation of nuclear-powered
warships in San Diego Bay, California. The purpose of
the survey was to determine if activities related to nu-
clear-powered warships resulted in release of radionu-
clides which may contribute to significant population
exposure or contamination of the environment.
Keywords: 'Radioactive contaminants, 'Environmen-
tal surveys, 'San Diego Bay, California, Military facili-
ties, Concentration(Composition), Sediments, 'Radi-
ation monitoring, 'Nuclear powered ships, Water pollu-
tion sampling, Radioactivity.
PB89-211676/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Pesticide Testing Guidelines, Subdivision M: Mi-
crobial and Biochemical Pest Control Agents (Part
A Microbial).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
J. Andersen, D. F. Edwards, W. J. Hazel, M. A. Levin,
and W. R. Schneider. Mar 89,205p EPA/540/09-89/
056
See also PB83-153965.
As a guideline for the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide
and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), Subdivision M provides
guidance on developing data on microbial (Part A) and
biochemical (PB83-153965) (Part B) pest control
agents to determine their fate in the environment and
to evaluate potential adverse effects on humans and
other nontarget organisms. These guidelines provide
detailed information relating to the data requirements
listed in 40 CFR Part 158.690 and 158.740, including
the conditions under which each data requirement is
applicable; the standards for acceptable testing, the
information that should be included in a test report;
guidance on evaluation and reporting of data and ex-
amples of acceptable protocols. In addition, scientific
publications are cited in the guidelines to provide
useful information for designing test protocols.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Guidelines, Pest control, As-
sessments, Biochemistry, Toxicity, Public health, Envi-
ronmental surveys, 'Federal Insecticide Fungicide and
Rodenticide Act, Path of pollutants.
PB89-211664/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record ot Decision (EPA Region 3):
Middletown Air Field, Pennsylvania (First Remedi-
al Action), December 1987.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
31 Dec 87,47p EPA/ROD/R03-88/039
The Middletown Air Field site covers what is now the
Harrisburg International Airport (HIA), located between
the town of Middletown and Nighspire, Dauphin
County, Pennsylvania. The airport is owned and oper-
ated by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Depart-
ment of Transportation. The area surrounding the base
is characterized as mixed residential/industrial. Be-
tween 1898 and 1962, the property was owned by the
U.S. Government and used by the military. HIA and
several other entities occupy what was referred to as
the Olmsted Air Force Base. In March 1983, TCA con-
tamination caused six of the ten onsite production
wells supplying HIA to be taken out of service. Studies
initiated under the Department of Defense Installation
Restoration Program indicate that while ground water
contamination due to volatile organic compounds
exists, the exact source(s) of contamination cannot be
clearly defined. Ground water contamination may
result from one or more, possibly current, sources in
the 'industrial area'. To date, HIA has been able to
temporarily meet the water requirements of the facility
by taking the most contaminated well off-line as a po-
table water source, and by blending potable water
from a number of wells.
Keywords: 'Vaporizing, 'Organic compounds, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Waste disposal, Sites, Water pollu-
tion, Ground water, Potable water, Chloroethanes,
Vinyl chloride, Pumping, Waste treatment, Record of
Decision, First Remedial Action, 'Superfund, 'Dau-
phin County(Pennsylvania).
PB89-212724/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Field Applications of the KPEG (Potassium Poly-
ethylene Glycolate) Process for Treating Chlorin-
ated Wastes.
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
M. L. Taylor, J. A. Wentz, M. A. Dosani, W. Gallagher,
and J. S. Greber. Jul 89, 56p EPA/600/2-89/036
Contract EPA-68-03-3413
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering La6„ and Civil
Engineering Lab. (Navy), Port Hueneme, CA.
The KPEG chemical dechlorination process was iden-
tified at the Franklin Research Center in Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania in 1978 for the dechlorination of poly-
chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in oil. Further process
development, primarily by the U.S. EPA Risk Reduc-
tion Engineering Laboratory, has focused on the dech-
lorination of PCBs and other potentially toxic haloge-
nated aromatic compounds such as tetrachlorodiben-
zodioxin that contaminate soils. In 1987, in Moreau,
New York a pilot-scale treatment system was demon-
strated on PCB-contaminated soil in batches of 35 ib
each. The demonstration was the first attempt to dech-
lorinate PCB-contaminated soil in a reactor/mixer at a
scale larger than that used in the laboratory. Analytical
results of the demonstration indicated an average PCB
reduction of 99.7%, thus illustrating the efficacy of the
potassium polyethylene glycolate (KPEG) technology
at a larger scale and warranting assessment for scale-
up.
Keywords: "Dechlorination, 'Hazardous materials,
'Site surveys, 'Storage tanks, 'Waste disposal, Field
tests, Halogen organic compounds, Pilot plants, Herbi-
cides, 'Potassium polyethylene glycolate process,
'KPEG process, 'Land pollution, 'Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls, 'Dibenzodioxin/tetrachloro, Liquid wastes.
PB89-212757/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Cleaning Excavated Soil Using Extraction Agents:
A State-of-the-Art Review. Final rept. Jun 85-Jan
89
Foster Wheeler Enviresponse, Inc., Livingston, NJ.
R. Raghaven, E. Coles, and D. Dietz. Jun 89,82p EPA/
600/2-89/034
Contract EPA068-03-3255
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The report presents a state-of-the-art review of soil
washing technologies and their applicability to Super-
fund sites in the United States. The review includes
Superfund site soil and contamination characteristics,
as well as soil cleaning technologies, their principles of
operation, and process parameters. The technical fea-
sibility of using soil washing technologies at Superfund
sites in the United States is accessed. Contaminants
are classified as volatile, hydrophilic, or hydrophobic
organics; PCBs; heavy metals; or radioactive material.
Soils are classified as either sand, silt, clay, or waste
fill. Three generic types of extractive treatments are
identified for cleaning excavated soils: water washing
augmented with a basic or surfactant agent to remove
organics, and water washing with an acidic or chelating
agent to remove organics and heavy metals; organics-
solvent washing to remove hydrophobic organics and
PCBs; and air or steam stripping to remove volatile or-
ganics.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Solvent extraction,
'Washing, 'Surfactants, 'Soils, 'Reviews, Excavation,
United States, Organic compounds, Radioactive con-
taminants, 'Superfund program, 'Land reclamation,
'Land pollution, Volatile organic compounds,
Stripping(Distillation), Polychlorinated biphenyls,
Heavy metals.
PB89-213189/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act)
Orientation Manual.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
R. Knox, B. S. McDonough, and E. J. Dolin. Jan 86,
168p* EPA/530/SW-86/001
Also available from Supt. of Docs. Prepared in coop-
eration with Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., Bethesda,
MD.
The manual explains the RCRA program. Although the
manual was designed for EPA and State staff, the au-
thors hope that it will be useful to all individuals who
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
wish to better understand RCRA. The manual is written
for those unfamiliar with the RCRA program, therefore
complex details were either simplified or excluded for
the sake of clarity. Each chapter of the manual in-
cludes an overview of what is to be covered, illustra-
tions and figures highlighting the text, and a summary
of the key points presented.
Keywords: 'Manuals, 'Hazardous materials, Law en-
forcement, Licenses, State government, Local govern-
ment, Waste disposal, Storage tanks, Public relations,
•Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, 'Solid
waste management, 'Environmental management,
Pollution regulations, Superfund program, Environ-
mental Protection Agency.
PB89-213987/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Sensitive Parameter Evaluation (or a Vadose
Zone Fate and Transport Model. Final rept. May 86-
Sep 88.
Utah State Univ., Logan. Dept. of Civil and Environ-
mental Engineering.
0. K. Stevens, W. J. Grenney, Z. Yan, and R. C. Sims.
Jul 89,94p EPA/600/2-89/039
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada. OK.
The report presents information on quantitative eval-
uation of the potential impaot of selected parameters
on output of vadose zone transport and fate models
used to describe the behavior of hazardous chemicals
in soil. The Vadose Zone Interactive Processes (VIP)
model was selected as the test model for the study.
Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to
evaluate the effect of sensitive soil and model param-
eters on the degradation and soil partitioning of haz-
ardous chemicals. Laboratory experiments were con-
ducted to determine the effect of temperature, soil
moisture and soil type on the degradation rate. Field-
scale experiments were conducted to evaluate oxygen
dynamics, through depth and time, for petroleum
waste applied to soil. Results of laboratory experi-
ments demonstrated that the sensitivity of the degra-
dation rate to changes in temperature and soil mois-
ture was generally greater for low molecular weight
compounds and less for high molecular weight com-
pounds. For the two soil types evaluated, soil type was
more significant with regard to immobilization. Soil type
was not found to have an effect on degradation kinet-
ics for the malority of chemicals evaluated.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Chemical com-
pounds, 'Mathematical models, 'Soil surveys, 'Dete-
rioration, "Waste disposal, Experimental design, Field
tests, Soil moisture, Temperature, Soil microbiology,
Petroleum products, Reaction kinetics, 'Environmen-
tal transport, 'Vadose Zone Interactive Processes
Model, Land pollution, Path of pollutants, Liquid
wastes.
PB89-213995/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Dnnking Water Research Div.
Nutrients for Bacterial Growth In Drinking Water
Bioassay Evaluation. Summary rept. May 86-Apr 88.
Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Avon-
dale, PA. Stroud Water Research Center.
L. A. Kaplan, and T. L. Bott. Jul 89,64p EPA/600/2-
89/030
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Drinking Water Research Div.
The regrowth of bacteria in drinking water distribution
systems can lead to the deterioration of water quality.
Pathogenic bacteria are heterotrophs, and hetero-
trophs are probably the dominant bacteria associated
with the regrowth phenomenon. Only a portion ot the
total organic carbon in drinking water is biologically
labile to heterotrophic bacteria, and a bioassay devel-
oped to quantify this assimilable organic carbon (AOC)
has been proposed as an index of the regrowth poten-
tial of drinking water. The authors have evaluated both
biological and chemical assays for determining AOC
as related to regrowth of bacteria in drinking waters
from surface water and groundwater sources. Correla-
tions of the bioassay AOC with chemical determina-
tions were poor, but with improvements they have
made in the handling of the test water, glassware, and
p-17, the authors suggest that the bioassay holds
promise for a simple routine measure of drinking water
regrowth potential.
Keywords: 'Growth regulators, 'Drinking water, 'Nu-
trients, 'Bacteria, 'Aquatic microbiology, 'Water qual-
ity, Bioassay, Water distribution, Water supply, Carbon,
Experimental design, Pathology, Chemical analysis,
Organic matter.
PB89-214027/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Quality Assurance Procedures: Method 28A Meas-
urement of Air to Fuel Ratio and Minimum Burn
Rate for Wood-Fired Appliances.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. C. Olin, G. D. Rives, M. W. Hartman, and T. E. Ward.
Jul 89,219p EPA/600/3-89/051
Contract EPA-68-02-4119
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
Quality assurance procedures are contained in the
comprehensive document intended to be used as an
aid for wood heater manufacturers and testing labora-
tories in performing measurement of air-to-fuel ratio
and minimum burn rate determinations according to
EPA protocol, Method 28A. These procedures may be
used in research and development, and as an aid in
auditing and certification applicability testing. A de-
tailed, step-by-step quality assurance guide is provided
to aid in the procurement and assembly of testing ap-
paratus, to clearly describe the procedures, and to fa-
cilitate data collection and reporting. Suggested data
sheets are supplied that can be used as an aid for both
recordkeeping and certification applications. Through-
out the document, activity matrices are provided to
serve as a summary reference. Checklists are also
supplied that can be used by testing personnel. Finally,
for the purposes of ensuring data quality, procedures
are outlined for apparatus operation, maintenance and
traceability. These procedures combined with the de-
tailed description of the sampling and analysis proto-
col will help ensure the accuracy and reliability of
Method 28A testing results.
Keywords: *Gas analysis, 'Combustion products,
'Heaters, Quality assurance, Design criteria, Calibrat-
ing, Burning rate, 'Air fuel ratio, Wood burning fur-
naces, *Air pollution sampling, 'Air pollution detection,
*EPA method 28A.
PB89-214118/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Isolation and identification of Electrophilic Muta-
gens Produced during Chlorine Disinfection. Sum-
mary rept.
Minnesota Univ.-Duluth. Dept. of Chemistry.
R. M. Carlson. Jun 89,51 p EPA/600/1-89/006
Grant EPA-R-810948
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology
Div.
The chlorination of organic materials present in natural
waters and in wastewaters generates many direct
acting mutagenic and potentially carcinogenic prod-
ucts. The reaction of nucleophillc reagents with the un-
identified mutagenic electrophiles present in disinfect-
ed water and with a number of known electrophilic
compounds as a means of generating stable addition
products that could aid in the isolation, chromatogra-
phic separation, and in the identification of the muta-
gens via mass spectrometry was investigated. Of the
nucleophiles investigated for this purpose diethyldith-
iocarbamate proved to be the most suitable, ft was
found to react with most of the electrophiles, but the
mass spectra of the resulting products while providing
unique ions suitable for selective ion monitoring, were
not suitable for structure determination. Nudeophilic
functionalities bonded to solid supports were also in-
vestigated for the purpose of selectively isolating elec-
trophilic mutagens from aqueous samples and while
several were found that would remove the electro-
philes, no suitable means of removing them from the
supports was found.
Keywords: 'Chlorination, 'Water treatment, 'Toxicity,
'Mutagens, 'Carcinogens, Chromatographic analysis,
Mass spectroscopy, Public health, Separation, Drink-
ing water, Disinfection, Electrophilic reactions, Chemi-
cal analysis, 'Water pollution detection, 'Water pollu-
tion effects(Humans).
PB89-214126/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Interaction between Water Pollutants: Quantita-
tive Electron Microscopy of Hepatic Morphologi-
cal Changes Induced by 1,2-Dichloroethene (DCE)
and 1,1-Dichloroethylene (VDC). Summary rept.
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Dept. of Environmental and
Industrial Health.
R. H. Gray. Jul 89,136p EPA/600/1-89/005
Grant EPA-R-812556
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Cincin-
nati, OH.
Numerous chemicals are found as contaminants in
public water supplies which constitute potential pifclic
health hazards. The studies were designed to deter-
mine the early histopathological effects of two known
water contaminants, 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) and
1,1-dichioroethylene (VDC), administered alone or in
mixtures to laboratory rats. Both agents have been
shown to cause cytotoxic responses in kidney and
liver. Hepatic tissues were removed and prepared for
quantitative electron microscopic studies. Significant
changes were seen In cell, cytoplasmic and nuclear
volumes, except in the high dose DCE group (600 ma/
kg). Comparison of measured parameters of the single
dosed animals with the mixed dosed exhibited fie
most significant differences in the lipid droplet com-
partment.
Keywords: 'Water supply, 'Ground water, 'Drinking
water, 'Public health, 'Toxicity, Laboratory animals,
Dosage, Electron microscopy. Exposure, Experimental
design, Molecular structure, Cells(Biology), 'Water
pollution effects(Humans), 'Ethane/dichioro, 'Ethyl-
ene/dichloro.
PB89-214134/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of FQD (Rue Gas Desutfurtzatton) Dry
Injection Sorbents and Additives. Volume 2. Plot
Plant Evaluation of High Reactivity Sorbents. Final
rept. Jan 88-Dec 87.
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC. Environ-
mental Systems Div.
J. C. S. Chang, and C. Jorgensen. May 89,92p EPA/
600/7-89/006B
Contract EPA-68-02-3988
See also PB89-208920. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Mr
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report describes a mini-pilot test program to inves-
tigate potential new sorbents and processes for dry
S02 removal. Initial tests showed that the 85 cu m/n
pilot plant could be used successfully to evaluate both
spray dryer and dry injection processes using tradition-
al calcium or sodium based sorbents. The maiorpartof
the test program investigated the use of flyash or dla-
tomaceous earth for enhancement of lime with respect
to S02 removal in a dry injection process. This part of
the test program verified the silica enhancement of
Ca(OH)2 which previously had been extensively stud-
ied on a bench-scale reactor. The pilot program
showed that 50-90% S02 removal can be achieved
for a stoichiometric ratio of 1 to 2 by dry injection of the
silica enhanced lime when using a duct + bagtouse
configuration, or when using a duct + cyclone configu-
ration including recycle. The sorbent preparation pro-
cedure was developed throughout the test program,
and an important result was that the silica enhanced
lime can be prepared as a semldry sorbent containing
20-30% moisture, suitable for duct injection. Evapon?
tive cooling of the flue gas is allowed as a result of the
sorbent injection, thereby lowering the approach to
saturation and increasing the S02 removal.
Keywords: 'Desulfurization, 'Pilot plants, *Sprav
"	s, Sulfur dioxide, Calcium
drying, 'Sorbents, 'Flue gases,	~,m
oxides, Injection, Silicon dioxide, Fly ash. Diatoms
ceous earth, Air pollution.
PB89-214142/HSU	PC A18/MFA01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Determination of C2 to C12 Ambient Air Hydrocar-
bons in 39 U.S. Cities from 1984 through ism.
Computer Sciences Corp., Research Triangle Pub
NC.
R. L Sella, W. A. Lonneman, and S. A. Meeks. Mar 69
418p EPA/600/3-89/058
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Contract EPA-68-01 -7365
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
Currently more than 60 urban areas are not in compli-
ance with the National Ambient Air Quality Standard
(NAAQS) for ozone. The use of photochemical models
will be necessary to forecast the nonmethane organic
compound (NMOC) reductions needed to attain the
NAAQS. These models require knowledge of the indi-
vidual organic species in ambient air. To this end, spe-
ciated hydrocarbons were determined in over 800 am-
bient air samples obtained from 39 U.S. cities during
1984, 1985, and 1986. Whole-air samples were col-
lected in electropolished, stainless steel spheres on
weekdays from 6 to 9 A.M. during June through Sep-
tember each year. Two gas chromatographic (GC) pro-
cedures with cryogenic sample preconcentration were
employed to separate and measure C2 to C12 hydro-
carbon species. Menu driven software was developed
to transfer GC data to a personal computer. The 48
compounds seen in highest concentration consisted of
25 paraffins, 15 aromatics, 7 olefins, and acetylene.
Sample concentrations of the 64 most abundant spe-
cies are reported.
Keywords: 'Hydrocarbons, *Gas analysis, 'Informa-
tion systems, 'Urban areas, Experimental data, Gas
analysis, Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data),
Gas chromatography, Ozone, United States, 'Air pol-
lution sampling, Air pollution detection, Data base
management, Environmental monitoring, National Am-
bientAir Quality Standard.
PS89-2143M/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Superfond Record of Decision (Region 2): Love
Caiuri/B3rd Street, New York (Third Remedial
Action). September 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
See also PBB»-i i /4»j.Kortions ot tms document are
not fuMy legible.
The Love Canal/93rd Street School site consists of
approximately 19 acres and includes a school and an
adjacent vacant lot. The site is located in Niagara
Falls, New York, less than one mile northwest of Love
Canal and is within the Love Canal Emergency Decla-
ration Area. Hooker Chemicals and Plastics Corpora-
tion disposed of over 21,000 tons of various chemicals
at the Love Canal site from 1942 to 1953, when the
aite was deeded over to the City of Niagara Falls Board
of Education. Sampling has revealed that approxi-
mately 6,000 cu yds of soil are contaminated. During
the 1950s, home construction accelerated in the area
Specifically, In 1950, the 93rd Street School was built,
andin 1954, the 99th Street School was built adjacent
to the middle portion of the Canal. Prior to construction
of the 93rd Street School, a drainage swale crossed
(he site. Between 1938 and 1951, the swale was par-
«al|y fiHed with soil and rock debris, followed by sand
and fly ash materials, in 1980, the 93rd Street School
was closed due to public health concerns related to
potentially contaminated fill material. The primary
contaminants of concern affecting soil are VOCs, in-
chiding toluene and xylenes, other organlcs including
dfoxins, PAHs and pesticides, and metals including ar-
aenic and lead.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Hazardous matert-
alef 'Waste disposal, Sites, Water pollution, Pesti-
SdM, Metals, Arsenic, Lead(Metal), Vaporizing, Public
iuZth New York, Record of Decision, Remedial
acton, 'Superfund, 'Love Canal, Niagara Falls(New
York).
PBM-214407/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
p^mnraTotTSur^^lubstanoas and Algae by Die-
aolved Air Flotation.
Massachusetts Univ., Amherst. Dept. of CMI Engineer-
Edrwald, and J. P. Malley. Jul 89,202p EPA/800/
Cln-
2-89/032
SSSWl
Environmental Protection A(
:lsk Reduction Engineering Lai
.gency,
naantirr1 air flotation (DAF) is used in place of con-
zZEond gravity settling as a means to separate low
Vjnjiitv Hoc parades from water. The following objec-
Were: (1) to compare DAF to conventional water
treatment of coagulation-flocculation followed by grav-
ity settling (CGS) for removals of particles, color, dis-
solved organic carbon (DOC), trihalomethane (THM)
precursors, and total organic halide (TOX) precursors;
(2) to examine the effects of raw water quality, water
temperature, chemical variables, flocculation period
prior to DAF, and DAF design and operating variables
on DAF performance; and (3) to evaluate alum and po-
lyaluminum chloride (PAC1) as pretreatment coagu-
lants for DAF. The results of the DAF experiments
using synthetic and natural waters showed that good
DAF treatment requires good coagulation. The experi-
mental results also showed that flotation without a
prior flocculation period is effective. For waters con-
taining humic substances, there was no significant dif-
ference in the removal of UV, true color, DOC, and dis-
solved organic halide precursors (THM and TOX) be-
tween DAF and conventional treatment.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Drinking water, 'Algae,
'Humus, Water quality, Water supply, Performance
evaluation, Particles, Coagulation, Color, Dissolved or-
ganic matter, Carbon, Halogen organic compounds,
'Dissolved air flotation, Halomethanes,
Pretreatment(Water), Polyaluminum chloride, Alum.
PB89-214415/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Long-Term Starvation-Induced Lose of Apparent
Antibiotic Resistance in Cells Containing the Plas-
mid pSa(1+). Technical rept.
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.
R. P. Griffiths, C. L. Moyer, B. A. Caldwell, C. Ye, and
R. Y. Morita. Jun 89,20p EPA/600/3-89/059
Grant EPA-R-813413
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Escherichia coll, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and a
Pseudomonas sp. strain 133B containing the pSa plas-
mid were starved in well water for up to 523 days.
There were two patterns of apparent antibiotic resist-
ance loss observed. In Pseudomonas sp. strain 133B,
there was no apparent loss of antibiotic resistance
even after starvation for 340 days. In E. coli, by day 49
there was a ten-fold difference between the number of
cells that would grow on antibiotic and non-antibiotic
containing plates. By day 523, only 12% of the cells
were able to express their antibiotic resistance after
they had been first resuscitated on non-antibiotic
medium. Cells that could not grow on antibiotic
medium even after resuscitation showed a permanent
loss of chloramphenicol (Cm) resistance but retained
resistance to kanamycin and streptomycin. Restriction
enzyme digests show that a region from 13 to 15.5 Kb
was deleted. This was essentially the same 2.5 Kb
region previously reported as being deleted by sponta-
neous mutation.
Keywords: 'Pseudomonas, 'Escherichia coli, Bacte-
rial proteins, Starvation, 'Plasmids, 'Gene expression
regulation, Genetic engineering, Microbial drug resist-
ance.
PB89-214423/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Riak
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Cytotoxicity and Mutagenesis Methods for Evalu-
ating Toxicity Removal from Wastewaters. Final
rept. 24 Sep 79-17 Dec 84.
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Dept of Environmental Health.
R. Christian, and T. Cody. Jun 89,68p EPA/600/2-89/
031
Contract EPA-68-03-2846
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH.Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The project was a feasibility study of the effectiveness
of a mammalian ceil cytotoxicity assay and a mammali-
an ceil mutagenesis aaaay for monitoring the toxicity
and mutagenicity of Influent and effluent wastewater at
treatment plants. In the cytotoxicity assay, ambient
samples of raw aewage were substantially cytotoxic
but secondary effluent samples were not toxic enough
to eatablish an LC50 value. In the mutagenesis assays,
the early Mill Creek ambient samples of raw and sec-
ondary effluent were mutagenic but the ambient sam-
ples from the later Mill Creek sampling were not muta-
genic. The data suggest that the cytotoxic and muta-
genic activities of tne ambient waste-water samples
are near the limits of detection of the two assays.
When the samples had high biological activity, there
was an observable response. With the exception of al-
kaline extracts of the second Mill Creek samples, all
concentrated extracts from the samples were cyto-
toxic and mutagenic to some degree. The single
Muddy Creek influent was not as toxic or mutagenic as
the Mill Creek influent on either sampling date.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Mutagens, 'Cytology, 'Bioas-
says, Sampling, Toxicity, Growth, Ceiis(Biology),
Public health, Laboratory animals, 'Environmental
monitoring, 'Sewage treatment plants, 'Sewage treat-
ment effluents, Baseline measurements.
PB89-214431/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
National Dioxin Study: Analytical Procedures and
Quality Assurance Plan for the Analysis of 2,3,7,8-
TCDD in Tier 3-7 Samples of the U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency National Dioxin Strategy.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
May 86,41p EPA/600/3-85/019
See also PB87-213963.
Analytical methodology used by EMSL-RTP, ECL-BSL
and ERL-D in the analysis of samples for the study of
Tiers 3-7 in the U.S. EPA National Dioxin Strategy is
provided. The methods are based on low and high res-
olution mass spectrometry using stable isotope la-
beled internal standards. The methods were peer re-
viewed by the Quality Assurance Committee for the
National Dioxin Strategy, as revised in November
1984. The methods are to serve only as a guideline for
these analyses and may be modified as required to
successfully meet target detection limits.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Air pollution, 'Com-
bustion products, Flue gases, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Reviews, Mass spectroscopy, Instrumenta-
tion, Calibration, Standards, Isotope labelling. Quality
control, 'Dioxins, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Emission
factors.
PB89-215164/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Dollars and Sense; A Summary of the Financial
Reaponalbility Regulations for Underground Stor-
age Tank Systems.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Underground StorageTanks.
Dec 88, 21 p EPA/530/UST-88/005
See also PB89-215172 and PB89-215180.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has pub-
lished final regulations concerning financial responsi-
bilities for owners and operators of underground stor-
age tank systems containing petroleum. The booklet
provides a brief summary and answers some important
questions about their financial responsibilities. The
complete regulations were published in the Federal
Register on October 26, 1988; Underground Storage
Ranks Containing Petroleum; Financial Responsibility
Requirements and State Program Approval Objective;
Final Rule 40 CFR Parts 280 & 281.
Keywords: 'Underground storage, 'Storage tanks,
'Fuel tanks, 'Petroleum products, 'Liabilities, 'Leak-
age, Insurance, Environmental surveys, 'Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act, US EPA, State pro-
grams, Pollution regulations. Service stations.
PB8S-215172/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Leak Lookout Using External Lesk Detectors to
Prevent Petroleum Contamination from Under-
ground Storage Tanks.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Underground Storage Tanks.
J. D. Kotler. Aug 88.20p EPA/530/ UST-88/006
See also PB89-215164 and PB89-215180.
The booklet was written for owners and operators of
underground storage tanks that hold petroleum prod-
ucts auch as gasoline, diesel fuel, or oil. The Federal
regulations require that these systems have leak de-
tection. The booklet briefly describes external leak de-
tectors. It does not recommend which product to buy
or rank equipment from best to worst, but gives back-
ground needed on external devices so owners and op-
erators can ask the right questions when speaking to
vendors about their products.
Keywords: 'Underground storage, 'Storage tanks,
'Fuel tarries, 'Petroleum products, 'Leakage, 'Detec-
tors, Performance evaluation, Design criteria, 'Envi-
ronmental monitoring, 'Pollution abatement, 'Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act, US EPA,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
State programs, Pollution regulations, Service sta-
tions.
PB89-215180/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Must* for USTs: A Summary ol the New Regula-
tion* tor Underground Storage Tank Systems.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Underground Storage Tanks.
J. Evans. Sep 88,41p EPA/530/UST-88/008
See also PB89-215172 and PB89-215164.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has written
regulations for many of the nation's underground stor-
age tank systems. The booklet briefly describes the
technical requirements for these systems, which in-
clude tanks and piping, for petroleum products and
chemicals. The complete regulations were published
as Part II of the Federal Register on September 23,
1988; Underground Storage Tanks: Technical Re-
quirements and State Program Approval; Final Rules
40 CFR Parts 280 & 281.
Keywords: 'Underground storage, "Storage tanks,
~Fuel tanks, 'Chemical compounds, 'Petroleum prod-
ucts, 'Leakage, Standards, 'Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act, 'Pollution regulations, US EPA,
State programs, Service stations.
PB89-215214/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation Pro-
gram: Progress and Accomplishments, Fiscal
Year 1S68. A Second Report to Congress.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Mar 89,71 p EPA/540/5-89/009
See also PB88-237482.
The document is the second Report to Congress on
the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation
(SITE) Program. The report summarizes the progress,
accomplishments, and results of the SITE Program
through 1988. Field demonstrations for eight protects
have been completed since publication of the first
report. The second Report to Congress focuses on the
completed demonstrations and provides performance
data and results. The process used to assess the eco-
nomic feasibility of each demonstration is presented.
The report also describes the progress of the compo-
nents that were initiated during the first year of the pro-
gram and the two components implemented during
this past year. Another difference between the two re-
ports is that the second Report to Congress identifies
the impediments encountered during the first two
years of the program and describes the refinements
that EPA has implemented to address these problems
and improve the effectiveness of the SITE Program.
Keywords: Performance evaluation, Research
projects, 'Superfund innovation technology, Evalua-
tion program, Pollution control.
PB89-215396/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Light-Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel
Economy Trend* through 1989. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology and Applications Branch.
R. M. Heavenrich, and J. D. Murrell. May 89,57p EPA/
AA/CTAB-89/04
Supersedes PB88-241914.
Trends in motor vehicle technology and fuel economy
usage for light-duty cars and trucks model years 1978
through 1989 are examined in the report. Comparisons
with previous years' data are made for the fleet as a
whole and for the number of cylinders, vehicle class
size, inertia weight class and market segment (Domes-
tic, European, and Asian).
Keywords: 'Motor vehicles, 'Fuel consumption,
'Automobile engines. Thermal efficiency, Exhaust
?ases, Technology assessment, Truck engines,
rends, Technology utilization, Automotive fuels, Fed-
eral test procedures.
PB89-21S412/HSU	CP T03
Need* Survey Report to Conor***: 1988 Assess-
ment of Needed Publicly Owned Wastewater
Treatment Facilities in the United State*. Data file.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Municipal Facilities Div.
J. Hudson, R. Cooper, and T. Czado. 1J an 88, mag
tape EPA/0F/MT-89/145
1342 Vol. 90, No. 24
See also PB85-172690.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB89-189633.
The data tape includes cost estimates for wastewater
treatment facilities and State supplied technical data.
These data were used to produce the 1988 Needs
Survey Report to Congress. The data on the tape were
collected through 'IMS', in-house software where
States perform direct on-line data updates.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Sewage treatment, 'Costs
analysis, 'Grants, Construction costs, Magnetic tapes,
Facilities, United States, Assessments, Surveys, 'Pub-
licly owned wastewater treatment.
PB89-216360/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Control Technology Center.
Ultrasonic Cleaning of Rotogravure Cylinders.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
K. W. Barnett, and C. E. Most. Jun 89.38p DCN-89-
203-080-34-11, EPA/450/3-89/024
Contract EPA-68-02-4392
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Control Technology Center.
The report summarizes available information on the
use of ultrasonic techniques (in an aqueous solution)
for cleaning cylinders used in rotogravure printing
processes. Ultrasonic cleaning has the potential to
reduce organic solvent use, volatile organic compound
emissions, and solvent waste generation. The report
briefly reviews the ultrasonic cleaning process, de-
scribes the rotogravure printing process and the po-
tential application of aqueous ultrasonic cleanings for
cylinders, reviews potential benefits and costs, and
discusses the potential for application to other graphic
arts processes.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Ultrasonic cleaning,
'Metal cleaning, 'Qravure printing, Industrial wastes,
Ultrasonic frequencies, Printing, Environmental im-
pacts, Printing equipment.
PB89-217897/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Air Toxic* Technical Assistance for the State of
Alaska. Final rept.
Radian Corp., Sacramento, CA.
R. J. Dickson, S. H. Peoples, and W. R. Oliver. 30 Mar
87, 261 p DCN-87-203-024-81 -02, EPA/910/9-87/159
Contract EPA-68-02-3899
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seat-
tle, WA. Region X.
An air toxics emission inventory was developed for the
state of Alaska. The inventory focuses on both point
(i.e., specifically Identified facilities) and area sources.
The area source inventory does not Identify facilities,
but instead consists of aggregated emission totals for
a geographic area. Activity data were obtained for the
time periods ranging from 1979 to 1986. Included in
the report are exact sources of information and the
time periods for which they were derived, and a sum-
mary of point and area source emissions by source
type. Also included are tables of data by air toxic com-
Sound and a detailed list of the point source emissions
y source. Threshold limit values were used to rank
the emission sources and the results are tabulated.
Keywords: 'Alaska, Reviews, Sources,
Thresholds(Perception), Toxic tolerance,
Concentration(Composition), Exhaust emissions,
Public health, Inorganic compounds, Organic com-
pounds, Combustion products, Industrial wastes, Incin-
eration, Solid waste disposal. Ranking, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Emission inventories, 'Point sources, 'Non-
point sources, 'Air pollution sampling, Maximum per-
missible exposure. Emission factors, Air pollution de-
tection.
PB89-217913/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Briefing Report to the EPA (Environmental Pro-
tection Agency) Science Advisory Board: The Ap-
parent Effect* Threshold Approach. Briefing rept.
(Final).
Battelle Columbus Div., OH.
R. Barrick, and H. Beller. Sep 88,63p EPA/910/9-89/
013
Contract EPA-68-03-3534
Prepared in cooperation with PTI Environmental Serv-
ices, Bellevue, WA. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency. Seattle, WA. Region X.
The Apparent Effects Threshold (AET) Approach has
been used to develop sediment quality values for 58
chemicals in Puget Sound. AET values are currently
being used to make contaminated sediment manage-
ment decisions in a variety of regulatory programs. The
State of Washington is considering using the AET ap-
proach as a basis for setting state sediment quality
standards. The report was prepared for Region 10 for
submission to EPA's Science Advisory Board. The
region requested that the Board conduct a critical sci-
entific review of the AET method. The briefing report
contains a description of the method and guideHnes for
AET generation. Additionally, the report details AET
field validation studies and presents conclusion* re-
garding the reliability of the approach in predicting ad-
verse biological impacts in the field. Finally, the report
describes uncertainties associated with AET genera-
tion and application in regulatory programs.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Chemical compounds,
'Puget Sound Estuary, Management planning, Waiter
quality, Guidelines, Washington(State), Information
systems, Bioassay, 'Biological indicators, 'Water pol-
lution effects(Animals), 'Sediment-water interfaces.
Region 10.
PB89-217962/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Coeur d'Alene Basin EPA (Environmental Protec-
tion Agency) Water Quality Monitoring, 1972-1M6.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
C. E. Hornig, D. A. Terpening, and M. W. Bogue. Sep
88, 40p EPA/910/9-88/216
See also PB86-153640.
Region 10, U.S. EPA, has conducted chemical and bi-
ological monitoring during low-flow conditions from
1972 to 1986 along the South Fork Coeur d'Aterw
River in northern Idano, a stream with a londhistory of
severe metals pollution from mining activities. During
1986, metals analysis of sediments and tissues from
the lower Coeur d'Alene River and Coeur d'Alene Lake
was also conducted. Due chiefly to effluent controls at
the Bunker Hill Complex Superfund site, concentra-
tions o1 zinc, cadmium and lead were reduced since
the 1970's. Although levels of zinc and cadmium
remain well above national criteria for protection of
cold water biota, recovery of aquatic life has been sub-
stantlal, with the lower mainstream now supporting a
successful sports fishery. Sediments In the lower
Coeur d'Alene system remain heavily contaminated
with toxic metals, although high levels in edible fish tie-
sues were not found. Allowable permit Hmlte (as of
1986) for metals (primarily cadmium) have the poten-
tial of increasing in-stream metals concentrations.
Water quality-based permits are particularly important
for aquatic life protection of the South Fork upstream
of Mullan and the mainstream downstream of the S.F.
confluence.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Mine waters, Ground
water, Chemical indicators, Zinc, CadrMum.
Lead(Metal), Metals, Fisheries, Mineral depoeibL
Tabtes(Data), Idaho, 'Mine add drainage.
PB89-218188/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Summary of Risk Assessment Methodoiogiee for
Municipal Sludge Reuse or Disposal Option*.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
R. J. F. Bruins, L. Fradkin, and J. F. Stara. 1089. 7o
EPA/600/D-89/016
Pub. in Proceedings of the National Conference on
Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant Sludge Manage.'
ment, Series No. 17, Hazardous Materials ControtFto.
search Institute. Silver Spring, MD., p21-241987.
Risk assessment methods have been .
which can be used to calculate criteria for ^
toxic pollutants in municipal wastewater skxtooiT
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
simple to complex, which allow calculation of exposure
and risk from various sludge disposal practices. These
calculations may show a need for management prac-
tice controls or for numerical limits on specific pollut-
ants. Criteria for land-applied or distributed and mar-
keted sludge may take the form of application rate
limits (kg/ha) or concentration limits, calculated to
control pollutant levels in the food chain or off-site
movement in air or water. Criteria for landfilled sludge
are defined In terms of acceptable leachate concentra-
tions, as determined by an appropriate leachate char-
acterization test, to prevent excessive groundwater
contamination of vapor emission.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, *Air pollution, 'Water
pollution, 'Municipalities, 'Meetings, Risk, Exposure,
Food chains, Toxicity, Ground water, Earth fills, Incin-
erators, Concentrations(Composition), Mathematical
models, Environmental transport, Reprints, Land appli-
cation, Ocean waste disposal.
PB89-218176/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Multi-Madia Microbiological Risk Assessment
Methodology for Municipal Wastewater Sludges.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
L Fradkin, N. E. Kowal, and P. V. Scarpino. c1969,8p
EPA-600/D-89/017
Pub. in Proceedings of the National Conference on
Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant Sludge Manage-
ment, Series No. 17, Hazardous Materials Control Re-
search Institute, Silver Spring, MD„ p25-29 1987. See
also PB89-218168. Prepared in cooperation with Cin-
cinnati Univ., OH.
In order to reduce the risk of municipal sludge to ac-
ceptable levels, the U.S. EPA has undertaken a regula-
tory program based on risk assessment and risk man-
agement. The key to such a program is the develop-
ment of a methodology which allows the regulatory
agency to quantify the relative risks arising from a
given reuse/disposal option. The paper briefly de-
scribes the development of risk assessment methodol-
ogy for future development of pathogen criteria for
land application and distribution and marketing of mu-
nicipal sludge.
Keywords: 'Microorganisms, 'Sludge disposal, 'Mu-
nicipalities, Public health, Risk, Bacteria, Viruses, Pro-
tozoa, Disease vectors, Food chains, Salmonella,
Growth, Enteroviruses, Regulations, Hazards, Mathe-
matical models, Environmental transport, Humans, Ex-
posure, Reprints, 'Land application.
PB89-218184/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Risk Assessment in Devslopmsnt of Municipal
Sludge Incineration Regulations under 405(d) of
the Clean Watsr Act.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
E P. Crumpler, and L. Fradkin. 1989,9p EPA/600/D-
89/018
Pub. in Proceedings of the National Conference on
Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant Sludge Manage-
ment, Series No. 17, Hazardous Materials Control Re-
search Institute, Silver Spring, MD., p30-35 1987. See
also PB89-218176.
The need for effective sludge management is contin-
ual and growing. In the United States, the quantity of
municipal sludge produced annually has almost dou-
bled since 1972. The U.S. EPA established an Agency
Sludge Task Force in 1982. In 1983 one of the Task
Force's major recommendations was to develop a
comprehensive technical regulatory program under
Section 405(d) of the Clean miter Act that requires the
U S. EPA to develop and issue regulations which (1)
Identify uses for sludge including disposal; (2) specify
factors to be taken into account in determining the
measures and practices applicable for each use or dis-
posal (including costs); and (3) identify concentrations
of pollutant which interfere with each use or disposal.
The mafor areas discussed in this manuscript are; reg-
ulation development, incineration, selection of model
plants, air dispersion modeling, most exposed individ-
ual. risk level, reference air concentration and an ex-
ample calculation.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Incinerators, 'Munld-
PfltoM	Risk,	Regulations,
Concentration(Composition), Air pollution, Dispersing,
Mathematical models, Furnaces, Industrial plants,
Public health, Particle size, Exposure, Carcinogens,
dean Water Act.
PB89-218192/HSU	PC A03/MF AOI
Effects of Trlbutyltin on Biomembranes: Alter-
ation of Flow Cytometric Parameters and Inhibi-
tion of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase Two-Dlmenslonal
Crystallization. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. M. Zucker, K. H. Elstein, R. E. Easterling, H. P. Ting-
Beall, and J. W. Allis. C1988,14p EPA/600/0-89/019
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v96
p393-403, 1988. Proceedings of Hanford Life Sci-
ences Symposium, Richland, WA., October 18-20,
1988. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services,
Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC., and Duke Univ.
Medical Center, Durham, NC.
The cell Interacts with its environment via the plasma
membrane. Alteration of the composition/structure of
this membrane can result in altered cell function.
Therefore, the ability to detect subtle changes in the
condition of the membrane may be of considerable
value in predicting the response of cells to toxic insult.
Tributyltin is a membrane-active toxicant of consider-
able environmental concern since it is extensively em-
ployed as a component of marine antifouling paints. Its
effect on the murine erythroleukemic cell by flow cyto-
metry has been investigated and has been observed to
be toxic at extremely low levels (micromolar concen-
trations). These data have been utilized recently by the
state of Virginia to lower their saltwater standard for
this chemical.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, Fluorescein, Crystallization, Fluo-
rescence, Exposure, Cell nucleus, Hydrolysis,
'Membranes(Biology), 'Tributyltin, 'Environmental
pollution, Flow cytometry, Sodium potassium ATPASE,
Enzyme inhibitors, Cultured tumor cells.
PB89-218200/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Assessing Potential Effects of Incinerating Haz-
ardous Wastes at Sea: Using Research to Answer
Management Question*.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
D. Bedford, M. Jackson, J. Gentile, D. Oberacker, and
P. Boehm. Oct 87,12p EPA/600/D-89/021, AEERL-
P-343
See also PB88-133582. Presented at the International
Ocean Disposal Symposium (7th), Woltville, Nova
Scotia, October 21-25,1987. Prepared in cooperation
with Battelle Ocean Sciences, Duxbury, MA.
In 1985, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) developed a strategy to address the research
necessary for measuring possible environmental and
public health effects of incinerating hazardous wastes
at sea. Although existing data indicated that effects
would be minimal. These methods have been devel-
oped and evaluated In a series of land-based tests,
and they have been found suitable for use in research
to be conducted at sea. Plans for conducting research
at sea will include emissions sampling and conduct of
toxicity tests in conjunction with monitoring for emis-
sions constituents in the air, surface water, sea-sur-
face microlayer, and organisms that live in surface
waters (neuston). The paper describes development
of EPA's ocean Incineration regulation and an operat-
ing program to administer the regulation as well as
EPA's research strategy.
Keywords: 'Ocean environments, 'Incinerators, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Waste disposal, Assessments,
Public health, Air pollution, Surface waters, Toxicity,
Nekton, Chlorine organic compounds, Microorga-
nisms, Sampling, Regulations, Licenses, Operations,
Pollution control. Ocean waste disposal, Polychlorinat-
ed biphenyf.
PB89-218218/HSU	PC A03/MF AOI
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Development of the Advanced Utility Simulation
Model. Rapt, for May 85-Sep 88.
Science Applications International Corp., McLean, VA.
R. L. Capone, and L. G. Jones. 1989,17p EPA/600/0-
89/023,, AEERL-P-453
Contract EPA-68-02-4227
Presented at Joint Power Generation Conference,
Philadelphia, PA., September 27,1988. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses the development of the Ad-
vanced Utility Simulation Model (AUSM), developed
for the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Pro-
gram, to forecast air emissions of pollutants from elec-
tric utilities. AUSM integrates generating unit engineer-
ing detail with dynamic strategic decisions made by
utility planners and coal miners. Decisions about ca-
pacity additions and emissions control strategies for
one unit, state, and year influence (and are influenced
by) decisions made for other units, states, and years.
Emissions control economics are controlled by unit-
specific factors and by market factors. Designed as a
cost-minimization model, AUSM integrates decisions
about each unit with decisions about other units
through competition for coal, interstate electricity
transmission, intrastate system dispatch, and power
pool, state, and unit-level emissions limits.
Keywords: 'Electric power generation, 'Air pollution,
'Electric utilities, Cost analysis, Management plan-
ning, Coal, Computerized simulation. Production ca-
pacity, Forecasting, Decision making, Advanced Utility
Simulation Model, National Acid Precipitation Assess-
ment Program.
PB89-218226/HSU	PC A03/MF AOI
Conference on Environmental Control '89. Air
Toxics Developments at EPA (Environmental Pro-
tection Agency).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
W. H. Ponder. 14 Feb 89,14p EPA/600/D-89/022
Conference held in Greenville, SC. on February 14,
1989. Prepared in cooperation with Clemson Univ.,
SC. Continuing Engineering Education.
The paper gives an overview of research activities in
EPA's Air and Energy Engineering Research Laborato-
ry, including the identification, assessment, and control
of sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), haz-
ardous air pollutants (HAPs), and chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs). VOCs, HAPs, and CFCs cause serious detri-
mental environmental effects, including human health
effects, materials damage, and crop/forest losses re-
sulting from troposphenc (or boundary layer) ozone
concentrations which are too high, increased ultravio-
let radiation reaching the surface of the Earth due to
ozone depletion in the stratosphere, and exposures of
human lung tissue (and other organs) to HAPs. EPA's
Office of Air and Radiation has established a national
ambient air quality standard (NAAQS) of 0.12 ppm for
ozone. This standard is routinely exceeded In more
than 60 areas nationwide. This, coupled with the fact
that some areas may not be able to attain the NAAQS
for the next 20-30 years, causes serious concerns for
human health and welfare. These concerns are height-
ened by the fact that some scientists are calling for an
even more stringent ozone NAAQS. Health impacts
from exposure to HAPs include neurological, behavior-
al, reproductive, and carcinogenic effects.
Keywords: 'Research projects, Hazardous materials,
Fluorohydrocarbons, Chlorohydrocarbons, Ozone,
Troposphere, Forest, Farm crops, Ultraviolet radiation,
Exposure, Toxicity, Public health, 'Toxic substances,
'US EPA, 'Air pollution effects(Humans), 'Air pollution
effects(Materials), 'Air pollution effects(Plants), At-
mospheric chemistry, Volatile organic compounds, Air
quality standards.
PB89-218234/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Intensive Study of Radon and Remedial Measures
In New Jersey Homes: Preliminary Results.
Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA. Indoor Environment Pro-
gram.
R. G. Sextro, J. Harrison, B. A. Moed, K. L. Revzan,
and B. H. Turk. 21 Aug 87,8p EPA/600/D-89/024,,
AEERL-P-499
Contract DE-AC03-76SF00098
Presented at Indoor Air '87, Berlin, Federal Republic of
Germany, August 17-21,1987. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab., and
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
The paper discusses an intensive investigation of
radon source characterization, entry mechanisms, pro-
cedures for remediation diagnosis, and mitigation
system performance evaluation being conducted in
occupied New Jersey homes. The aim of the investiga-
tion is to examine the influence of environmental and
building factors on radon entry into homes. One home
serves as a control and remains in the original state
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
during the experiment. Radon mitigation systems are
installed in the other six homes. Indoor radon levels,
indoor and outdoor temperatures, windspeed and di-
rection, pressure differentials, and soil temperature
and moisture are some of the parameters being moni-
tored continuously. Soil air permeability, soil gas radon
concentrations, ventilation rates, and radon progeny
are also being measured periodically. The homes will
be monitored for 12 months and various mitigation sys-
tems cycled on and off weekly. The relation of the vari-
ous parameters to radon entry is discussed and impli-
cations for radon mitigation diagnostics are presented.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Houses, Performance evaluation,
New Jersey, Soil analysis, Ventilation,
Concentration(Composition),	Diagnosis,
Wind(Meteorology), Temperature, Construction, 'Re-
medial action, 'Indoor air pollution, Mitigation, Air pol-
lution monitoring.
PB89-218242/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Recent Development* o4 Emission Control Tech-
nology In the United States for Fossil Fuel Com-
bustion Sources.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
D. C. Drehmel, and C. B. Seaman. 1989,27p EPA /
600/D-89/025, AEERL-P-494
Presented at Taiwan EPA Workshop on Air Pollution
Control Policy/Strategies, Taipei, Taiwan, January 17-
19,1989.
The paper discusses control of air pollution from fossil
fuel combustion. Until recently, this meant abatement
of smoke (particulate), sulfur dioxide, and oxides of ni-
trogen. With growing concern about global climate
change, carbon dioxide has been added to the list. The
paper includes discussions of such controls and con-
trol systems as wet and dry scrubbers, fabric filters,
electrostatic precipitators, physical coal cleaning, flue
gas desulfurization, selective catalytic reduction, lime-
stone injection multistage burners, reburning, E-SOx
and ADVACATE.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Air pollution control
equipment, 'Fossil fuels, 'Combustion products, Nitro-
gen oxides, Sulfur dioxide, Carbon dioxide, Particles,
Coal preparation, Desulfurization, "Stationary sources,
'Air pollution abatement, Flue gas desulfurization.
PB89-218259/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Removal of Uranium from Drinking Water by Con-
ventional Treatment Methods.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research D!v.
T. J. Sorg. Jan 89,28p EPA/600/D-89/020
The USEPA currently does not regulate uranium in
drinking water but will be revising the radionuclide reg-
ulations during 1989 and will propose a maximum con-
taminant level for uranium. The paper presents treat-
ment technology information on the effectiveness of
conventional methods to removal uranium from drink-
ing water. Treatment Information based primarily on
laboratory and pilot plant studies is presented on con-
ventional coagulation/filtration, ion exchange, lime
softening, and reverse osmosis. Ion exchange treat-
ment has been applied successfully on ground waters
by small systems.
Keywords: 'Uranium isotopes, 'Water treatment, Re-
moval, Evaluation, Pilot plants, Coagulation, Fluid fil-
tration, Ion exchanging, Calcium oxides, Reverse os-
mosis, Field tests, Regulations, Tables(Data), 'Drink-
ing water.
PB89-218267/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Transient Phenomena In Rotary Kiln Incineration.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
W. P. Linak, J. D. Kilgroe, J. A. McSorley, J. 0. L.
Wendt, and J. E. Dunn. 1989,26p EPA/600/D-89/026
Presented at Fall Meeting of the Western State Sec-
tion, Tucson, AZ., October 27-28, 1986. Prepared in
cooperation with Arkansas Univ., Fayetteville. Dept. of
Mathematical Sciences, and Arizona Univ., Tucson.
Dept. of Chemical Engineering.
The paper describes results of an ongoing experimen-
tal investigation at the U.S. EPA into trie waste proper-
ties and kiln parameters that determine both the in-
stantaneous intensity and the total magnitude of tran-
sient puffs leaving the kiln. (NOTE: The batch introduc-
tion of waste-filled drums or containers into practical
rotary kiln incinerators can lead to transient overcharg-
ing conditions which, for brevity, are here denoted as
'puffs.') The experimental apparatus utilized was a 73
kW laboratory rotary kiln simulator. Surrogate solid
wastes (plastic rods) and surrogate liquid wastes (on
corncob sorbent in cardboard containers) were investi-
gated. A statistically designed parametric study was
used to determine the extent to which waste and kiln
variables (e.g., charge mass, charge surface area,
charge composition, kiln temperature, and kiln rotation
speed) affected the intensity (hydrocarbon peak
height) and magnitude (hydrocarbon peak area) of
puffs.
Keywords: 'Kilns, 'Incinerators, 'Air pollution, 'Waste
disposal, Prototypes, Combustion products, Hazard-
ous materials, Temperature, Vaporizing, Combustion
chambers, Hydrocarbons, Tests, Liquids, Simulators,
Solids, Transient overcharging, Puffs.
PB89-218276/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Qenetlc Activity Profiles: Use in Management of
Risk from Genotoxlc Substances In the Environ-
ment.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
M. D. Waters, H. F. Stack, and A. L. Brady. 1989,27p
EPA/600/D-89/004
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Health
Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park,
NC.
A methodology has been developed to display and
evaluate multiple test quantitative information on ge-
netic toxicants for purposes of hazard/risk assess-
ment. Genetic activity profiles were prepared which il-
lustrate a quantitative data base on the genetic and re-
lated effects of nearly 200 chemicals for which some
data are available on carcinogenicity in humans. This
information may be used for purposes of comparative
chemical hazard assessment. Together with informa-
tion derived from animal cancer tests and human epi-
demiological studies, assessments may be made re-
garding potential human health risks associated with
exposure to chemical substances.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Environmental pollution, 'Muta-
gens, Bioassay, Dosage, Exposure, Organic com-
pounds, Computer systems programs, Lead, 'Risk as-
sessment, Mutagenicity tests. Carcinogenicity tests.
PB89-218283/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 203: Trtchoderma
harzlanum and Trlchoderma polysporum.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jul 89,6p EPA/540/FS-89/057
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred: issuance or reissuance
of a registration standard; issuance of each special
review document; registration of a significantly
changed use pattern; registration of a new chemical;
or an immediate need for information to resolve con-
troversial Issues relating to a specific chemical or use
pattern.
Keywords: 'Fungicides, Pesticides, Toxicology, Regu-
lations, Chemical properties, Wood preservatives,
'Binab T, Use patterns, Chemical Information Fact
Sheet, Environmental Protection Agency, Trlchoderma
harzianum, Trichoderma polysporum, Environmental
impacts.
PB89-218291/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 204: Trladlmenol
(Baytan).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jul 89,10p EPA/540/FS-89/058
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, Including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred: issuance or reissuance
of a registration standard; issuance of each special
review document; registration of a significantly
changed use pattern; registration of a new chemical;
or an immediate need for information to resolve con-
troversial issues relating to a specific chemical or use
pattern.
Keywords: 'Fungicides, Pesticides, Toxicology,
Seeds, Regulations, Chemical properties, 'Baytan,
Environmental impacts, Chemical Information Fact
Sheet, Triadimenol, Environmental Protection Agency,
CAS 5219-65-3, Triazole ethanol I (chlorophenoxy)-(«-
methylethyl), Use patterns.
PB89-218762/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Influences of HVAC (Heating, Ventilating and Air
Conditioning) Design and Operation on Radon
Mitigation of Existing School Bulkttnga. Rept for
Dec 87-Mar 89.
Infiltec, Falls Church, VA.
K. W. Leovic, A. B. Craig, and D. Saum. Mar 89,21p
EPA/600/D-89/015
Contract EPA-68-02-4287
Presented at IAQ 89: The Human Equation: Health and
Comfort, San Diego, CA., April 17-20, 1989. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Re-
search Lab.
The paper discusses various school building charac-
teristics identified as influencing radon entry, the
design and operation of installed mitigation systems In
four Maryland schools, and the success of these sys-
tems in reducing school radon levels. Results iodteate
that one of the most significant factors contributing to
elevated radon levels in schools is room depressunza-
tion caused by the HVAC system exhausting more air
from a room than the supply tan is furnishing to the
room. Conversely, if the HVAC system pressurises the
room, radon entry can often be prevented as long as
the tan is operating. Four Maryland schools with vary-
ing types of HVAC systems have had mitigation sys-
tems Installed to reduce elevated levels of Indoor
radon. Mitigation techniques include depressurtzation
of the area under the slab, sometimes accompanied by
the sealing of cracks and holes, and the temporary re-
duction of radon levels by pressure control through the
HVAC system. These systems were effectively reduc-
ing radon levels following their installation during the
summer of 1988.
Keywords: 'School buildings, 'Radon, Ventilation, Air
flow, Air pollution control equipment, Pressure control,
Design, Exhaust systems, Safety engineering. Human
factors engineering, 'HVAC systems, 'Indoor tur pollu-
tion, Building technology.
PB89-218770/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Translating Research Into Practice: The Drtnidng
Water Industry.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Rhk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
R, M. Clark. 1989,23p EPA/600/D-89/014
Presented at Environmental Quality and Industrial
Competitiveness Workshop, Baltimore, MD., April 11.
1989.	v •
The Water Supply Industry Is very conservatives
adopting major changes in water supply treatment, An
Increased number of regulations and an accelerated
regulatory agenda has the potential for revohiHonlzkMi
this field. Technology transfer and information diffu-
sions will be very Important in helping the water iiMWas
meet these new regulations. EPA and Other agendas
are Investing heavily in technology transfer. The author
suggests a Drinking Water Innovative Technology Pro-
gram as a mechanism for accelerating information pro-
Keywords: 'Drinking water, 'Water treatment, Water
supply, Mathematical models. Research protects.
Water pollution, Regualtions, State government. Na-
tional government, Technology utilization, informa-
tion management
PB89-218788/H8U	PC AOS/MF AQ1
Comparison of 0600-0900 AM Hydrocarbon Cm
positions Obtained from 29 Clttee.	.•
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trtalmli
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
W. A. Lonneman. 1989,16p EPA/600/D-69/010
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Presented at the EPA/APCA Symposium on Measure-
ment of Toxic Air Pollutants, Raleigh, NC., April 26-30,
1986.
The report describes and compares 0600-0900 AM
nonmethane organic carbon compound data from 29
cities collected during summer periods of 1964 and
1985. Considerable differences are observed in those
areas that are anticipated to have different volatile or-
ganic compound emissions. Range of benzene and
toluene concentrations are presented for the 29 urban
areas. It appears that variation in the observed con-
centration range is more evident for toluene than ben-
zene. This observation suggests that there may be
more discrete sources lor toluene than benzene.
Keywords: United States, Urban areas, Summer,
Concentration(Composition), Graphs(Charts), Tolu-
ene, Benzene, *Air pollution sampling, * Non-methane
hydrocarbons, Volatile organic compounds.
PB89-218796/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Steam Stripping and Batch Distillation (or the Re-
moval/Recovery of Volatile Organic Compound*.
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Dept. of Civil and Environmental
Engineering.
S. Q. Hassan, and J. P. Herrin. 1989,16p EPA/600/D-
89/009
Contract EPA-68-03-4038
Presented at 'HAZMAT Central '89 Conference',
Rosemont, IL„ March 16, 1989. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Re-
duction Engineering Lab.
Steam stripping and batch distillation are two tech-
niques under investigation by the Hazardous Waste
Treatment Branch of the USEPA Risk Reduction Engi-
neering Laboratory. The studies evaluated the applica-
tion of these methods to aqueous and dilute organic
solutions which are currently subject to land disposal
restrictions. General design equations which can be
used to assess the applicability of steam stripping to
achieve a given separation are included. Preliminary
results of a pilot-scale steam stripping study with 2-ni-
tropropane are reviewed. General design procedures
for batch distillation are also discussed.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
'Distillation, 'Materials recovery, Pilot plants, Design
criteria, Assessments, Numerical analysis, 'Land dis-
posal, 'Volatile organic compounds,
'Stripping(Dlstillatlon), 'Hazardous and Solid Waste
Amendments of 1984, Pollution regulations, Propane/
nitro, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.
PBM-218804/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
pathophysiological and Disease Constraints on
Aerosol Delivery.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Clinical Research Branch.
T. R. Gerrity. 1989,112p EPA/600/D-89/005
The dose of inhaled particles to the respiratory tract
depends upon many factors. These factors include the
dze of the particles, the pattern of breathing (flow and
tidal volume), the physical properties of trie articles
(hygroscopic or non-hygroscopic), anatomy of the res-
piratory tract, and the pathophysiologic status of the
respiratory tract. In addition to these factors, which are
primarily related to the deposition of particles, the rate
of particle clearance from the respiratory tract also in-
fluences the dose of particles. The paper is a review of
the various factors influencing dose of inhaled parti-
cles to the respiratory tract. The emphasis of the paper
is on therapeutic aerosol particles, though the princi-
pal* discussed also apply to toxic particles as well. An
Important areas of consideration is the Influence of dis-
ease on the delivery of particle dose. From the point of
view of toxic particles this is important when consider-
ing potential susceptible populations.
Keywords: 'Respiratory diseases, 'Respiratory
system, 'Aerosols, 'Drug therapy, Dosage forms, Par-
tfclesize, Respiration, Formulas(Mathematlcs), Diffu-
sion, Deposition, Mouth, Nose, Lung, Larynx, Disease
susceptibility, Pulmonary alveoli, Pharmacokinetics.
PBM-218812/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Genetic Activity Profiles and Hazard Assessment.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Dlv.
M. D. Waters, H. F. STack, and A. L. Brady. 6 Oct 88,
27p EPA/600/D-89/007
Presented at Symposium on Management of Risk from
Genotoxic Substances in the Environment, Stockholm,
Sweden, October 3-6, 1988. Prepared in cooperation
with Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
A methodology has been developed to display and
evaluate multiple test quantitative information on ge-
netic toxicants for purposes of hazard/risk assess-
ment. Dose information is collected from the open lit-
erature: either the lowest effective dose (LED) or the
highest ineffective dose (HID) tested is recorded for
each agent and bioassay system. For each agent in
the data base, the quantitative results from genetic
and related test systems are represented by comput-
er-generated bar graphs 'genetic activity profiles'. The
x-axis unit values correspond to approximately 200 dif-
ferent test systems. Bioassay systems are organized
according to classes of genetic activity and subdivided
by the phylogenetic level of the test organism. The y-
axis values are the logarithmically transformed LED or
HID values. Genetic activity profiles were prepared
which illustrate a quantitative data base on the genetic
and related effects of nearly 200 chemicals for which
some data are available on carcinogenicity in humans.
The information may be used for purposes of compar-
ative chemical hazard assessment. Together with in-
formation derived from animal cancer tests and human
epidemiological studies, assessments may be made
regarding potential human health risks associated with
exposure to chemical substances.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Mutagens, Dosage, Bioassay,
Exposure, Computer systems programs. Organic com-
pounds, Lead, Risk assessment. Mutagenicity tests,
Carcinogenicity tests.
PB8S-218820/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Vulnerability of Karst Aquifers to Chemical Con-
tamination. Symposium paper.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
M. S. Field. Nov 88,17p EPA/600/D-89/008, OHEA-
E-288
Presented at the American Inst, of Hydrology Confer-
ence,Tampa, FL., November 16-18,1988.
Ground water flow in karst aquifers is very different
from flow in granular or fractured aquifers. Karst
ground water flow is often turbulent within discrete
conduits that are convergent in the upper reaches and
divergent in the lower, simulating the flow pattern of
surface water streams that are dendritic or trellised but
with discharge to one or more springs. Significant pre-
cipitation tends to flood karat aquifers quickly, causing
a rapid rise in the water table that may flood higher
levels with discharge to different springs. The vulner-
ability of karst aquifers to chemical contamination Is a
result of these characteristics. The convergent nature
of flow in karst aquifers may result in contamination be-
coming concentrated in conduits. These contaminants
can affect delicate plant and animal life that exists in
caves as well as contaminate drinking water supplies
too rapidly for adequate warning.
Keywords: 'Water pollution. 'Ground water, 'Water
flow, 'Aquifers, Karst, Precipitation(Meteorology),
Flooding, Water wells, Percolation, Water table,
SpringsjWater), Vulnerability, Plants(Bctany), Animals,
Caves, Chemicals.
PB89-219224/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Uparl Landfill, Mantua Township, Gloucester
County, New Jersey, July 11,1968. Third Remedi-
al Action. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
11 Jul 88,139pEPA/ROD/R02-88/074
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Llpari Landfill site is a municipal and industrial
waste landfill In Mantua Township, Gloucester County,
New Jersey. The landfill consists of an 'onsite' and an
'offsite' portion. The remedial action addresses the off-
site portion of the site which is the area outside of the
encapsulation system consisting of agricultural and
residential areas that include several lakes, streams,
and parks. Offsite investigations indicate that lakes,
streams, and marshland In the area surrounding the
site has been impacted by contaminant migration from
the landfill. The primary contaminants of concern af-
fecting the ground water, surface water, sediments,
soil and air are VOCs including benzene, toluene, and
xylene, and metals including arsenic, chromium, and
lead. The selected remedial action for the offsite areas
includes: collection of the contaminated ground water/
leachate, followed by onsite treatment and discharge
to POTW; excavation of contaminated marsh soil, and
dredging and dewatering contaminated sediments, fol-
lowed by thermal treatment and offsite disposal as
nonhazardous material; integration of offsite sampling
with the onsite monitoring plan being developed to
monitor the effectiveness of the onsite flushing action;
and temporary remedial measures in the surrounding
marshland, rf necessary, to mitigate volatile emissions
from leachate seepage areas.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials, 'Site
surveys, 'Industrial wastes, 'Waste disposal, Lining,
Water pollution, Surface water, Ground water, Law en-
forcement, Sediments, Metals, Air pollution. Substitu-
tion, "Superfund program, 'Municipal wastes, 'Reme-
dial action, 'Gloucester County(New Jersey), Land
pollution, Volatile organic compounds, Environmental
monitoring.
PB89-219539/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Geographic Information System Documentation
of watershed Data for Direct/Delayed Response
Project Southern Blue Ridge Province Database.
NSI Technology Services Corp., Corvallis, OR.
D. C. Mortenson. Mar 89,34p EPA/600/3-89/002
See also PB89-222483. Sponsored by Corvallis Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., OR.
The Direct/Delayed Response Project (DDRP) was
designed by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency within the National Acid Precipitation Assess-
ment Program to predict the long-term response of wa-
tersheds and surface waters to acidic deposition. The
purpose of the DDRP is to investigate and distinguish
the time scales over which surface water systems
might change chemically under varying levels of acidic
deposition. The DDRP is examining a sub-set of water-
sheds sampled as part of the National Surface Water
Survey. In tne Southern Blue Ridge Province Region of
the United States, 35 watersheds are under study. The
DDRP required detailed watershed information on
those characteristics thought important relative to the
effects of acid deposition. The information was then
mapped, then entered into a Geographic Information
System (GIS). The document discuss protocols, guide-
lines, and standards used to complete GIS entry of the
mapping data, and quality control procedures were
used to ensure accuracy and consistency.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Watersheds, 'Sur-
face waters, 'Mapping, Streams, Quality control, Per-
formance evaluation, Guidelines, Standards, Regional
analysis, Soils, Land use, Geology, North Carolina,
South Carolina, Alabama, Tennessee, 'Acid rain,
'Water pollution sampling, 'Direct/Delayed Response
Project 'South Blue Ridge Region.
PB89-219968/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Potential Technologies for Collection and De-
struction of CFCs (Chlorofkjorocarbons), Hakxis,
and Related Compounds. Final rept. Mar 88-May
89.
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
K. E. Hummel, and T. P. Nelson. Jul 89,98p EPA/600/
2-89/037
Contract EPA-88-02-4286
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives recommendations of a muttidisctpii-
nary panel of experts on new or novel technologies (or
modifications of existing technologies) which show the
most promise for the collection and destruction of
chiorofiuorocarbons and related compounds. Panel
members met In a 'roundtable' format to discuss their
experiences and relate them to the compounds of in-
terest. The panel Identified technologies holding the
most promise and suggested general areas of re-
search and development needed to develop collection
and destruction technologies.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Hazardous materials, 'Chloro-
hydrocarbons, 'Fluorohydrocarbons, 'Halogen organ-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ic compounds, 'Military chemical agents, 'Collecting
methods, 'Waste disposal, Incineration, Design crite-
ria, Performance evaluation, Solid wastes, Air pollution
control, Combustion products, Refrigerants, Chemical
properties, Biological industrial waste treatment, Diox-
ins, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Halomethanes, Physi-
cal chemical treatment, Liquid wastes, Freons.
PB89-219976/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
In situ Bioramedlatlon of Spills from Underground
Storage Tanks: New Approaches for Site Charac-
terization Project Design, and Evaluation of Per-
formance. Final rept. 1985-89.
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
J. T. Wilson, L. E. Leach, J. Michalowski, S. Vandegrift,
and R. Callaway. Jul 89,62p EPA/600/2-89/042
Prepared in cooperation with NSI Technology Services
Corp., Ada, OK.
The report presents a systematic approach for the
design of in situ bioremediation of hydrocarbon con-
tamination in ground water from the determination of
the total quantity of hydrocarbons in the aquifer to the
utilization of that information in an actual field bioreme-
diation demonstration. The report explains why the
total quantity of hydrocarbons in an aquifer can only be
determined by collecting cores. A procedure to acquire
cores from a contaminated aquifer is described. The
procedures described in the report ware field-tested in
designing a demonstration of the bioremediation of an
aviation gasoline leak. The performance of the demon-
stration was consistent with the expected performance
based on the preliminary site characterization using
the described procedures.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Underground storage,
'Water pollution, 'Storage tanks, Microorganism
control(Sewage), Biodeterioration, Hydrocarbons,
Leakage, Feasibility, Aquifers, Inorganic compounds,
Nutrients, Aquifers, Aviation gasoline. Cores, Sam-
pling, Oil spills, 'Gasoline.
PB89-219984/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Testing of Indoor Radon Reduction Techniques in
Central Ohio Houses: Phase 1 (Winter 1987-1988).
Rept. for Oct 87-Aug 88 (Final).
Acres International Corp., Amherst, NY.
W. 0. Findlay, A. Robertson, and A. G. Scott. Jul 89,
316p EPA/600/8-88/071
Contract EPA-68-02-4262
See also PB87-188124. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
a program to demonstrate practical, cost effective
methods to reduce indoor radon concentrations in
housing to 150 Bq/cu m (4 pCi/L) or less. The com-
plete program will evaluate tne full range of radon re-
duction methods, i.e., house ventilation, sealing of
entry routes, soil ventilation, radon removal from
water, and air-cleaning in the full range of housing sub-
structure types and building styles, and geological con-
ditions across the continental United States. The pro-
gram described in the report demonstrated certain
radon reduction methods in housing and geology typi-
cal of southern Ohio in particular, and the central Great
Plains States in general. The testing of radon mitiga-
tion systems in Ohio houses is envisioned as taking
place in two phases. The report describes Phase 1,
which was carried out in 16 existing houses in the
Dayton area during the 1987-1988 heating season.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Radon, 'Houses,
'Ventilation, Basements, Concentration(Composition),
'Indoor air pollution, 'Radiation monitoring,
Dayton(Ohio), Sub-slab ventilation systems.
PB89-219992/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
ln-sltu Aquifer Restoration of Chlorinated Allpha-
tics by Methanotrophlc Bacteria. Research rept. 1
Stanforcfun^v.! CA. Dept. °f Civil Engineering.
Ga^cRatepSLLMSSnjUl 89,' 232Pp EPA/600/2-89/
Grant EPA-R-812220
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
The project evaluated the potential of enhanced in-situ
biotransformation of chlorinated aliphatic solvents by a
bacterial community grown on methane under aerobic
conditions. The target chlorinated compounds were
trichloroethene (TCE), cis- and trans-1 ,z-dichloroeth-
ene (DCE), and vinyl chloride. Laboratory studies were
conducted to improve understanding of the microbial
growth and transformation rates and to characterize
important transport properties. In field experiments,
biostimulation was accomplished by introducing meth-
ane and oxygen into a shallow, confined, sand and
gravel aquifer to encourage the growth of a native bac-
terial community. Methane utilization commenced
within ten days in the first biostimulation attempt, and
within one day in subsequent biostimulation episodes.
Biotransformation of the target organic compounds
ensued immediately after commencement of methane
utilization, and reached steady-state values within
three weeks. Mathematical modeling of the transport
and transformation process confirmed that the behav-
ior observed in the field demonstration was consistent
with the results of the laboratory research and theoreti-
cal expectations.
Keywords: 'Aquifers, 'Aliphatic hydrocarbons, 'Chlor-
ohydrocarbons, 'Water pollution, 'Methanomonada-
ceae, Aerobic bacteria, Vinyl chloride, Field tests,
Ground water geology, Mathematical models, Sorp-
tion, Epoxy compounds, 'Biotransformation, Biodeter-
ioration, Biological transport, Dichloroethanes, Trich-
loroethylene.
PB89-220008/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA. Office of
Research and Development.
ANNIE-IDE, a System for Developing Interactive
User Interfaces for Environmental Models (Pro-
grammers Guide).
AQUA TERRA Consultants, Decatur, GA.
J. L. Kittle, P. R. Hummel, and J. C. Imhoff. Apr 89,
180p EPA/600/3-89/034
Contract EPA-68-03-3515
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Athens,
GA. Office of Research and Development.
The document is a guide to the newly developed com-
puter software called ANNIE-IDE, the ANNIE Interac-
tion Development Environment. ANNIE-IDE provides a
consistent methodology for building Interactive inter-
faces for environmental software. ANNIE-IDE com-
bines a toolkit of utility subroutines for building individ-
ual interactive screens with instructions for developing
two parallel products: a file containing all text, ques-
tions, and messages used In interactive communica-
tion and a Fortran program containing the control strat-
egy and sequencing instructions tor interactions. The
system provides an efficient means for storing and up-
dating screen contents. The ANNIE-IDE package is
based on a re-evaluation of currently available tools
and ideas for constructing a user interface. According-
ly, the manual draws on an expanding body of knowl-
edge of the 'human factors involved in effective
design of man-machine interlaces. By providing a
straightforward but powerful set of tools, the ANNIE-
IDE software and manual greatly reduce the difficulty a
programmer will encounter in developing an interactive
user interface.
Keywords: Human factors engineering, Computer pro-
gramming, Tables(Data), 'Man computer interface,
'interactive systems, 'Environmental research, Man
machine systems, Software tools, Software engineer-
ing.
PB86-220016/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Workshop Summary Report: Wster Quality Crite-
ria to Protect Wildlife Resources. Report on Pol-
lutants Considered to Pose the Greatest Threat to
Wildlife When Existing Water Quality Criteria Are
Met
Kilkellv Environmental Associates, Inc., Raleigh, NC.
Aug 89,65p EPA/600/3-89/067
Contract EPA-68-03-3439
Proceedings of a workshop held in Beaverton, OR. on
November 1-2,1988. Sponsored by Corvallis Environ-
mental Research Lab., OR., and Fish and Wildlife
Sen/ice, Washington, DC.
The workshop was convened to identify and define the
need for water quality criteria to protect wildlife spe-
cies. The workshop's goals were to (1) generate a
strategy for developing wildlife criteria based on avail-
able toxicological data, (2) recommend an approach to
incorporating wildlife criteria into the regulatory proc-
ess, and (3) identify research needs. Although work-
shop participants believe that existing aquatic life
water quality criteria will in general protect wildlife spe-
cies, they identified several important exceptions. The
recommended procedures are designed to develop a
method for identifying chemicals likely to adversely
affect wildlife and to provide a mechanism for develop-
ing protective criteria.
Keywords: 'Protection, 'Wildlife, 'Water pollution,
'Meetings, Objectives, Regulations, Toxicology, Legis-
lation,	Exposure,	Sensitivity,
Concentration(Composition), Residues, Mammals,
Birds, Amphibia, Exposure, Chemicals, 'Water quality
criteria.
PB89-220024/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lsb.
Effects of Acid Deposition on Painted Wood Sub-
strates.
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
C. M. Balik, R. E. Fornes, R. D. Gilbert, and R. S.
Williams. Jul 89,48p EPA/600/3-89/066
Grants EPA-R-814166, EPA-R-814121
Prepared in cooperation with Forest Products Lab.,
Madison, Wl. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Re-
search and Exposure Assessment Lab.
The research program identifies early failure process-
es associated with acidic deposition on painted wood
substrate systems. Effects that have been observed
during short term accelerated exposure studies are as
follows: FTIR, NMR, and Sol-gel analysis indicate that
S02 attacks the base terpolymer or latex polymeric
coating in the presence of UV radiation. The polymer is
stable upon exposure to S02 alone, either gaseous or
aqueous as sulfurous acid. Sulfurous add diffuses
through both oli-alkyd and latex coatings and can de-
grade lignin of the wood substrate. Field and laborato-
ry studies indicate that CaC03 and ZnO are removed
from latex paints during exposures. The removal rate
decreases with increasing pH. Discoloration or yellow-
ing of CaC03 containing paints on wood substrates
has been observed after three months field exposure.
Based on the findings, it is recommended that re-
search be continued to develop dose response rela-
tionships for the effects of acid deposition on coated
wood substrate systems.
Keywords: 'Coatings, 'Ultraviolet radiation, 'Weather-
ing, 'Lignin, Polymers, Paints, Sulfur dioxide. Wood,
Latex, Alkyd resins, Calcium carbonates, Zinc oxides,
pH, Graphs(Charts), Diffusion, Sulfurous acid, *Ajr pol-
lution effects(Materials), 'Acid precipitation.
PB89-220461/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Methods for the Determination of Organic Com-
founds In Drinking Water.
nvironmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Cincinnati
OH.	,
Dec 88,392p EPA/600/4-88/039
Thirteen analytical methods for the Identification and
measurement of organic compounds in drinking water
are described in detail. Six of vie methods are for vola-
tile organic compounds (VOCs) and certain disinfec-
tion by-products. These methods were cited In the
Federal Register of July 8, 1987, under the National
Primary Drinking Water Regulations. The other seven
methods are designed for the determination of a varie-
ty of synthetic organic compounds and pesticides, and
these methods were cited in proposed drinking water
regulations in the Federal Register of May 22, 1968
Five of the methods utilize the Inert gas purge-and-trap
extraction procedure for VOCs, six methods employs
classical liquid-liquid extraction, one method uses a
new liquid-solid extraction technique, and one method
is for direct aqueous analysis. Of the 13 methods^lS
use either packed or capillary gas chromatography
column separations followed by detection with mass
spectrometry or a selective gas chromatography de-
tector. One method is based on a high performance
liquid chromatography separation.
Keywords: 'Drinking water, 'Water analysis, 'Organic
compounds, Synthetic resins, Chemical analysis, Die-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
infection, Byproducts, Pesticides, Solvent extraction,
Extraction, Gas chromatography, Separation, Mass
spectroscopy, 'Water pollution detection, Volatile or-
ganic compounds, High performance liquid chroma-
tography.
PB89-220479/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Hydrolysis Rate Constants for Enhancing Proper-
ty-Reactivity Relationships.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA. Office of
Research and Development.
J. J. Ellington. Jul 89,59p EPA/600/3-89/063
The report examines the rate constants for hydrolysis
in water of 10 classes of organic compounds with the
objective of establishing new or expanding existing
property-reactivity correlations. These relationships
can then be used to predict the environmental hydroly-
sis fate of chemicals that have similar molecular struc-
ture. The compound classes covered by the report in-
clude: aliphatic and aromatic carboxylate esters, alkyl
and aromatic halides, amides, carbamates, epoxides,
nitrites, phosphate esters, alkylating agents, haloge-
nated ethers, and oxidized sulfur compounds.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Hydrolysis, 'Reaction ki-
netics, 'Organic compounds, Waste disposal, Molecu-
lar structure, Infrared spectroscopy, Numerical analy-
sis, Fundamental constants, Ethers, Sulfur oxides, Al-
legation, Phosphorus organic acid esters, Nitriles, Car-
boxylic acid esters, Halides, Amides, Carbamates,
Epoxides, 'Water chemistry, Land disposal.
PB69-220487/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Guidance Document for the WRITE (Waste Re-
duction Innovative Technology Evaluation) Pilot
Program with State and Local Governments.
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
M. L. Apel, H. M. Freeman, M. F. Szabo, andS. H.
Ambekar. Aug 89,43p* EPA/600/8-89/070
Contract EPA-68-03-3389
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The guidance document provides an overview of a
new research demonstration program designed to
evaluate the use of innovative engineering and scien-
tific technologies to reduce the volume and/or toxicity
of wastes produced from the manufacture, processing
and use of materials. The 'WRITE Pilot Program Witn
State and Local Governments' is a major component
of a national pollution prevention research program
ciriled the 'Waste Reduction Innovative Technology
Evaluation' (WRITE) Program. The WRITE program is
broad in technical scope and addresses the reduction
of pollutants across all environmental media: air, land,
surface water and ground water. Under this pilot pro-
gram technical and economic evaluations of source re-
duction and recycling technologies are being conduct-
ed through the joint efforts of various State and local
governments and the Environmental Protection
ftgenc ;y. Information obtained under this program will
assist Federal, State and Local Governments as u
i well
as small and mid-size industries in evaluating waste re-
duction technologies by providing reliable perform-
ance and cost information on pollution prevention
technologies. The research will also serve to accom-
plish an early introduction of waste reduction tech-
niques into broad commercial practice.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial wastes,
'State government, 'Local government, 'Chemical
compounds, Guidelines, Waste disposal, Performance
evaluation, Cost analysis, Research management, Re-
gional analysis, 'Waste Reduction Innovative Technol-
ogy Evaluation Program, Pollution abatement, Waste
management, Waste recycling, Waste utilization.
PMS-220496/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Summary Review of Health Effects Associated
with Hydrogen Fluoride and Related Compounds.
HmWi Issue Assessment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
ICTheissen. Dec 88,65p EPA/600/8-89/002F, *
ECAO-R-0131
Also available from Supt. of Docs. Prepared in coop-
eration with Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
The average daily hydrogen fluoride intake is on the
order of 1.2-3.0 mg/day from food and water, respec-
tively. For children and adults who do not have any oc-
cupational exposure to or do not live in the immediate
vicinity of industrial operations that emit HF. Use of
fluoridated dentifrices contributes an additional 0.25
mg/day; less than 0.1 mg/day comes from inhaled flu-
onde. This total exposure level (approximately 0.06
mg/kg/day) has been shown to have a cariostatic
effect, especially in children, and is generally consid-
ered to be the No Observed Adverse Effect Level
(NOAEL). This level of exposure has been established
as the oral reference dose (RfD) by the Agency, al-
though it should be noted that very mild dental fluoro-
sis (mottling) has been observed in about 20% of the
people who are chronically exposed at this level. The
possible carcinogenic potential or chronic exposure to
fluoride has been investigated, and the Agency has
stated that there is not enough information to conclude
that fluoride presents a cancer risk to humans.
Keywords: 'Hydrogen fluoride, 'Toxicity, Exposure, In-
dustrial atmospheres, Food, Water, 'Risk assessment.
Carcinogenesis, Biological effects, Dose-response re-
lationships, Air pollutants, Reference dose.
PB89-220503/HSU	PC A19/MF A01
Short-Term Methods for Estimating the Chronic
Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to
Marine and Estuartne Organisms.
Environmental Monitoring and Support Lab.-Cincin-
nati, OH. Biological Methods Branch.
C. I. Weber, W. B. Horning, D. J. Klemm, T. W.
Neiheisel, and P. A. Lewis. May 88,427p EPA/600/4-
87/028
See also PB85-205383 and PB86-158474. Prepared in
cooperation with Computer Sciences Corp., Cincinnati,
OH.
The manual describes six short-term (one-hour to
nine-day) methods for estimating the chronic toxicity of
effluents and receiving waters to five species: the
sheepshead minnow, Cyprinodon variegatus; the
inland silverside, Menidia beryllina; the mysid, Mysl-
dopsis bahia; the sea urchin, Arbacia punctulata; and
the red, macroalga, Champia parvula. Also included
are guidelines on laboratory safety, quality assurance,
facilities and equipment, dilution water, effluent sam-
pling and holding, data analysis, report preparation,
and organism cuituring and handling. Listings of com-
puter programs for Dunnett's Procedure and Problt
Analysis are provided in the Appendix.
Keywords: 'Invertebrates, 'Toxicity, 'Marine biology,
'Water pollution, 'Estuaries, Manuals, Algae, Bioas-
say, Equipment, Test methods. Minnows, Marine
fishes, Industrial wastes, Laboratories, Survival,
Growth.
PB89-220611 /HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Trends of Seasonal Haziness and Sulfur Emis-
sions Over the Eastern U.S.
Washington Univ., St Louis, MO. Center for Air Pollu-
tion Impact and Trend Analysis.
R. B. Husar. Jun 89,31 p EPA/600/3-89/062
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
The reduction in visual range in the eastern U.S. is
caused largely by sulfate particles. Therefore, it is ex-
pected that the spatial distribution and temporal trend
of man-made haziness will, to some extent corre-
spond to the spatial-temporal pattern of sulfur emis-
sions. The purpose of the study is to examine the
sulfur emission-haze relationship using regionally and
seasonally disaggregated SO(2) emissions and visual
range data. Across much of the Northeast the winter-
time haziness has been either declining or slightly in-
creasing over the past three decades. The summer-
time haziness has been generally increasing in all
areas of the eastern U.S. Trie monthly sulfur emissions
for individual states were reconstructed using yearly
emission trends and seasonal emission rates. Before
1970 winter emissions were greater but since the
1970's the summer emissions have become compara-
ble in magnitude. These relationships may be used as
a first indication of how visibility might change with
changes in SO(2) emissions.
Keywords: 'Haze, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Air pollution,
'United States, Regional planning, Visibility, Trends,
Winter, Summer, Comparison, Periodic variations,
Qraphs(Charts), SlatesfUnited States).
PB89-220529/HSU	PC A24/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Proceedings: 1989 Joint Symposium on Station-
ary Combustion NOx Control. Held In San Francis-
co, California on March 6-9,1989. Volume 1.
Electric Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA.
C. Runge. Jun 89,553p EPA/600/9-89/062A
See also Volume 2, PB89-220537 and PB89-139695.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The proceedings document presentations at the 1989
Joint Symposium on Stationary Combustion NOx Con-
trol, held March 6-9,1989, in San Francisco, CA. The
symposium, sponsored by the U.S. EPA and EPRI,
was the fifth in a series devoted solely to the discus-
sion of control of NOx emissions from stationary
sources. Topics discussed included low-NOx combus-
tion developments such as burner design modifica-
tions and reburning; coal-, oil-, and gas-fired boiler ap-
plications; flue gas treatment processes; fundamental
combustion studies; and industrial and commercial ap-
plications. Also presented were manufacturers' up-
dates of commercially available technology and an
overview of environmental issues involving NOx con-
trol. Volume 1 includes background, combustion NOx
developments I and II, manufacturer's update, ad-
vanced combustion technology, and incineration.
Volume 2 includes SCR coal applications, fundamental
combustion research, post combustion NOx control
development fundamental combustion research, new
developments, and oil and gas combustion.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Air pollution, 'Nitrogen oxides,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Incinerators,
Toxicity, Boilers, 'Stationary sources, Hazardous
wastes.
PB89-220S37/HSU	PC A23/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Proceedings: 1989 Joint Symposium on Station-
ary Combustion NOx Control. Held in San Francis-
co, California on March 6-9,1989. Volume 2.
Electric Power Research Inst, Palo Alto, CA.
C. Runge. Jun 89,544p EPA/600/9-89/062B
See also Volume 1, PB89-220529. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The proceedings document presentations at the 1989
Joint Symposium on Stationary Combustion NOx Con-
trol, held March 6-9, 1989, in San Francisco, CA. The
symposium, sponsored by the U.S. EPA and EPRI,
was the fifth in a series devoted solely to the discus-
sion of control of NOx emissions from stationary
sources. Topics discussed included low-NOx combus-
tion developments such as burner design modifica-
tions and reburning; coal-, oil-, and gas-fired boiler ap-
pliclications; flue gas treatment processes; fundamen-
tal combustion studies; and Industrial and commercial
applications. Also presented were manufacturers' up-
dates of commercially available technology and an
overview of environmental issues involving NOx con-
trol. Volume 2 includes SCR coal applications, funda-
mental combustion research, post combustion NOx
control development, fundamental combustion re-
search, new developments, and oil and gas combus-
tion.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Air pollution, 'Nitrogen oxides,
Industrial wastes, Combustion products, Incinerators,
Toxicity, Boilers, 'Stationary sources. Hazardous
wastes.
PB89-220546/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Commercial Treatment/Recovery TSDR (Treat-
ment, Storage, Disposal and Recycling) Survey
Data Set
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Jun 89,124p EPA/530/SW-89/068
Contract EPA-68-01 -7053
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The commercial treatment/recovery capacity data set
consists of data on Incineration/Reuse as Fuel and on
Other Treatment Systems. The system capacity is data
derived from data reported in the National Survey of
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, Disposal and
Recycling Facilities, were entered onto PC data entry
sheets.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'industrial waste
treatment, 'Incinerators, Waste disposal, Sewage
treatment, Tables(data), Surveys, Availability, Facili-
ties, Recovery, Waste recycling, Waste storage.
PB89-220552/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Background Document for Second Third Waste*
to Support 40 CFR Part 268 Land Disposal Re-
strictions. Volume 1. Final Rule. Second Third
Waste Volumes, Characteristics, and Required
and Available Treatment Capacity.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
8 Jun 89,261 p EPA/530/SW-89/057A
See also PB89-179535 and Volume 2, PB89-220560.
The document supports the finalrule for the Second
Third of the wastes scheduled for restriction from land
disposal under section 3004(m) of RCRA, as amended
by HSWA. It presents the estimates of the quantities of
wastes that will require alternative treatment and re-
covery prior to land disposal. It also presents esti-
mates of alternative treatment and recovery capacity
available to manage wastes restricted from land dis-
posal, taking into account the demands already placed
on that capacity by previous land disposal restrictions.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
'Earth fills, Statutes, Government policies, Require-
ments, Volume, Standards, Waste treatment, Recov-
ery, Design, Solvents, Land disposal restrictions.
PB89-220560/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Background Document for Second Third Wastes
to Support 40 CFR Part 268 Land Disposal Re-
strlctions. Volume 2. Final Rule. Second Third
^ ? » Characteristics, and Rsquired
and Available Treatment Capacity.
OfficeT^IWWMte.0110" A9enCy' Wa8hin0t°n' DC'
8 Jun 89,206p EPA/530/SW-89/057B
See also Volume 1, PB89-220552.Portlons of this doc-
ument are not fully legible.
The document is in response to comments on capacity
requirements for cyanide treatment. EPA performed
an analysis to estimate to evolume of generated F006
wastes that may exceed the promulgated cyanide
treatment standards and required treatment for cyan-
ides. EPA relied on two major data sources for the
analysis: (the TSDR survey and the Generator survey).
EPA also evaluated data submitted by several com-
menters on cyanide concentrations in F006 waste
streams.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
'Earth fills, Government policies, Requirements,
Volume, Standards, Waste treatment, Cyanides, Re-
covery, Design, Solvents, Land disposal restrictions.
PB89-220578/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Analysis of U.S. Municipal Waste Combustion Op-
erating Practices.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Solid Waste.
18 May 89,139p EPA/530/SW-89/061
The study presents the results of a nationwide survey
of municipal waste combustion (MWC) facilities. The
intent of the survey was to characterize the MWC in-
dustry as completely as possible. Topics covered in-
clude description of facilities, characterization of waste
received, review of recycling activities, description of
residue generation, and residue handling and disposal
practices.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Combustion chambers,
'Incinerators, 'Municipalities, Surveys, Facilities, Resi-
dues, Materials handling, States(United States), Cost
analysis, Waste recycling, Listings, Addresses.
PB89-220586/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lsb
Laboratory and Field Evaluation of a Methodology
for Determination of Hydrogen Chloride Emis-
sions from Municipal and Hazardous Waste incin-
erators.
Entropy Environmentalists, Inc., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. C. Steinsberger, and J. H. Margeson. Apr 89,83p
EPA/600/3-89/064
Contract EPA-68-02-4442
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
Laboratory and field studies were performed to devel-
op and evaluate a sampling and analytical technique
for measuring hydrogen chloride (HCI) from stationary
sources. Studies were conducted in three phases (1)
literature seach and development of a candidate sam-
pling and analysis protocol, (2) laboratory evaluation
and refinement of the protocol, and (3) field evaluation.
A modified Method 6 sampling train was selected for
sample collection due to its ease of operation, avail-
ability, and cost. An acidified water absorbing solution
was identified for collecting HCI in the impingers. The
acidified water solution was selected to minimize the
potential for diatomic chlorine (CI2) to interfere with the
HCI determination. Ion chromatography was selected
as the most suitable technique for the analysis of HCI.
The laboratory phase evaluated the HCI collection effi-
ciency of the sampling protocol and the distribution of
CI2 in the sampling train. A preliminary field test was in-
cluded in the laboratory phase to indicate any further
protocol modifications. A ruggedness test was de-
signed to evaluate the effect of six variables that may
be encountered when employing the sampling proto-
col. A field evaluation was conducted to determine the
precision and estimate the accuracy of the sampling
and analytical protocol. The candidate method was
also employed to determine the bias and precision of
two HCI continuous emission monitoring systems.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Hydrogen chloride,
'Air pollution, Chemical analysis, Gas analysis, Sam-
pling, Monitors, Wastes, Solutions, Flue gases, Incin-
erators, Water pollution, Absorption.
PB89-220594/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Forest Survey Methods Used In the USDA (United
Statee Department of Agriculture) Forest Service.
Kilkelly Environmental Associates, Inc., Raleigh, NC.
J. W. Hazard, and B. E. Law. 3 Jul 89,59p EPA/600/3-
89/065
Contract EPA-68-03-3439
Prepared in cooperation with Statistical Consulting
Service, Bend, OR., National Council of the Paper In-
dustry for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc., Corvallis,
OR., and Forest Service, Washington, DC. Sponsored
by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
There has been an increasing need for forest resource
inventory data to contribute to various objectives of dif-
ferent agencies and organizations. Monitoring forest
health Is one area of interest for which existing forest
survey data may be useful. There are many different
sampling designs of forest resource inventories in ex-
istence. The key to retrieving and using the information
is not whether the design Ts complex or simple, but
whether ground plots are permanent and can be accu-
rately remeasured over time. Those agencies installing
permanent fixed or variable radius plots can provide
useful information for monitoring forest effects. The
forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) survey system in-
stalls such plots.
Keywords: 'Surveys, 'Forestry, Methodology, Objec-
tives, Inventories, Requirements, Standards, Report-
ing, Sampling, Design, Boundaries, Renewable forest
resources, US Department of Agriculture.
PB88-220602/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Workshop Report on EPA (Environmental Protec-
tion Agency) Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk As-
sessment. Held In Virginia Beach, Virginia on Jan-
uary 11-13.1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
W H. Farland, and R. Hill. Mar 89,109p* EPA/625/3-
89/015, OHEA-F-320
Prepared in cooperation with Eastern Research
Group, Inc., Arlington, MA.
On September 24, 1986, the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency (EPA) issued guidelines for assessing
human risk from exposure to environmental carcino-
gens. Since that time, new information in several areas
of carcinogen risk assessment has led to continued
EPA review and assessment of the guidelines. As part
of the review, on January 11-13,1989 EPA conducted
a workshop at which experts in carcinogen risk as-
sessment examined the scientific foundation for two
aspects of the guidelines. Some workshop participants
studied qualitative issues bearing on the classification
of chemicals as potential human carcinogens; others
tlon'frorn test animal data to humarPpopulationa/The
workshop report highlights the major scientific issues
discussed at the meeting. The report includes remarks
by opening session speakers, EPA's pre-meeting
statement of issues, summary statements lor major
workshop discussions, reference lists and a list of
workshop, rather than standard scientific papers.
Keywords: 'Carcinogens, 'Meetings, Experimental
data, Humans, Exposure, Guidelines, Revisions, Bio-
assay, Dose rate, 'Risk assessment, Data analysis..
PB89-220941/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Cape Cod Waste Water Renovation and Retrieval
System. A Study of Water Treatment and Conser-
vatlon. Data Supplement for Annual Report, June
11,1974-June 10,1975. Technical rept.
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MA.
W. B. Kerfoot, B. H. Ketchum, P. Kallio, P. Bowker, and
A. Mann. Jan 76,92p WHOI-76-5
Grant EPA-S-802037
See also PB89-220958.Portk>ns of this document are
not fully legible. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC., and Massachuaetta
Water Resources Commission, Boston. Div. of Water
Pollution Control.
The Cape Cod Wastewater Renovation and Retrieval
System Is evaluating alternative means of wastewater
treatment and developing design criteria for the re-
charge of water of potable quality to the groundwater
reservoir of the coastal outwash plains of Cape Cod
and the Islands. The three-year plan involves investi-
gation of the in situ performance of (1) the existing
sand filter bed at Otis Air Force Base, (2) a rapid Infil-
tration system designed to enhance biological denitrifi-
cation, and (3) a spray Irrigation-cropping program.
The quantity and quality of the treated water, the re-
ceiving water, and the character of the soil is being
carefully examined to project eventual water condition
after many years of operation.
Keywords: 'Water conservation, 'Waste water reuse,
'Sewage treatment, 'Cape Cod, 'Coasts, Ground
water recharge, Sand filtration, Surface irrigation, Mon-
itoring, pH, Metals, Cations, Anions, Temperature,
Water quality, Chemical analysis, Nitrogen, Calcium,
Magnesium, Massachusetts, 'Spray irrigation, Heavy
metals.
PB89-220958/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Cspe Cod Waste Water Renovation and Retrieval
Syatem. A Study of Water Treatment and Conser-
vation. Interim Report June 11, 1975-June 10,
1976. Technical rept.
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MA.
B. H. Ketchum, R. F. Vaccaro, P. E. Kallio, A. Mann,
and P. L. Deese. Oct 76,140p WHOI-76-93
Grant EPA-S-802037
See also PB89-220941. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC., and Massachu-
setts Water Resources Commission, Boston. Div. of
Water Pollution Control.
The Cape Cod Wastewater Renovation and Retrieval
System is evaluating alternative means of wastewater
treatment and developing design criteria for the m-
charge of water of potable quality to the groundwater
reservoir of the coastal outwash plains of Cape Cod
and the Islands. The three-year plan Involves investi-
gation of the in situ performance of (1) the eriNm
sand filter bed at Otis Air Force Base, (2) selected vert-
eties of animal forage grasses, and 0 various ratea of
application of secondary effluent The quantity and
quality of the treated water, the receiving i	
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
the character of the soil is being carefully examined to
project eventual water condition after many years of
operation.
Keywords: 'Water conservation, "Waste water reuse,
'Sewage treatment, 'Cape Cod, 'Coasts, Volume,
Sand filters, Performance evaluation, Forage grasses,
Selection, Water quality. Water pollution, Vegetation,
Soils, Flow rate, Chlorine, Temperature, pH, Massa-
chusetts, Land application, Spray irrigation.
PB89-220974/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Supplemental Risk Assessment Guidance for the
Superfund Program. Part 1. Guidance for Public
Health Risk Assessments. Part 2. Guidance for
Ecological Risk Assessments. Draft rept. (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Boston, MA.
Region I.
Jun 89,114p* EPA/901/5-89/001
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The guidance manual was developed to address the
practical aspects and issues pertaining to the Super-
fund risk assessment process for both public health
and environment concerns. Part 1, Guidance for Public
Health Risk Assessments, supplements the Superfund
Public Health Evaluation Manual and Superfund Expo-
sure Assessment Manual and the Endangerment As-
sessment Handbook. Explicit guidance on technical
matters which should be followed in developing public
health risk assessments for EPA Region 1. The guid-
ance addresses hazard identification, dose-response
assessment, exposure assessment, risk characteriza-
tion and uncertainty/limitations. Part 2 of the manual,
Guidance for Ecological Risk Assessments, addresses
the collection of site-specific data needed to support
an ecological risk assessment, describes a framework
for conducting the assessments, and provides several
specific approaches for assessing risks to systems ex-
posed to chemical contamination in different media.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Public health,
'Ecology, Guidelines, Manuals, Environmental sur-
veys, Exposure, Toxicity, Water pollution, Potable
water, Dosage, Carcinogens, 'Risk assessment, "Su-
perfund program, 'Region 1, Land pollution, Path of
pollutants, Environment transport, Ecological concen-
tration.
PMB-221204/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Case-Control Study of Bladder Cancer In Massa-
chusetts Among Populations Receiving Chlorinat-
ed and Chloramlnated Drinking Water.
Brown Univ., Providence, Rl. Dept. of Community
Health.
S. Zierler, L. Feingold, R. A. Danley, and G. Craun.
1989,2flp EPA/600/D-89/066
Grant EPA-R-812080
Pub. in Water Chlorinatlon: Environmental Impact and
Health Effects, v6. Prepared in cooperation with North
Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Epidemiology,
and Massachusetts Dept. of Public Health, Boston.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Studies of the occurrence of bladder cancer in relation
to exposure to chlorinated drinking water, in general,
have found a small excess frequency of bladder
cancer among consumers of chlorinated drinking
water. Despite near consistent findings of a small posi-
tive association, Interpretation of the association has
been cautious because of the inability to control for po-
tential confounding by unmeasured differences In sur-
face and ground water, as the index frequently used
for exposure to levels of chlorinatlon in drinking water
compares chlorinated surface water to unchlorinated
around water. The authors undertook a case-control
study to collect detaNed data on residential history that
was obtained from telephone interviews with Inform-
ants of 614 individuals who died of primary bladder
cancer and 1,074 individuals who died of other causes.
The study was based in an area where surface water
has been disinfected with either chlorine or a combina-
tion of chlorine and ammonia (chloramine) since 1938.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Chlorinatlon, 'Bladder
neoplasms, Investigations, Sampling, Surveys, Water
treatment, Carcinogens, Chlorine, Ammonia, Toxicol-
ogy, Vital statistics, Demography, Mortality, Ground
water, Epidemiology, Massachusetts, Tables(Data),
¦Water pollution effects(Humans), 'Drinking water,
Case histories, Surface water.
PB89-221212/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Rules for Distinguishing Toxicants That Cause
Type (I) and Type (II) Narcosis Syndromes.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
G. D. Veith, and S. J. Broderius. 20 Oct 88,22p EPA/
600/D-89/057
Presented at EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)
Workshop on Structural Properties for Determining
Mechanisms of Toxic Action, Duluth, MN., October 18-
20,1988.
Narcosis is a non-specific reversible state of arrested
activity of protoplasmic structures caused by a wide
variety of organic chemicals. The vast majority of in-
dustrial organic chemicals can be characterized by a
baseline structure-toxicity relationship as developed
for diverse aquatic organisms and using only the n-oc-
tanol/water partition coefficient as a descriptor. There
are, however, many apparent narcotic chemicals that
are more toxic than baseline narcosis predicts. Some
of these chemicals have been distinguished as polar
narcotics. Joint toxic theory and isobole diagrams
were used to show that chemicals were generally
more toxic than predicted by narcosis (I) models and
characterized by a different mode of action called nar-
cosis (II) syndrome. This type of toxicity is exemplified
by certain amides, amines, phenols, and nitrogen he-
terocycles. Evidence is provided that suggests that
narcosis (II) syndrome may result from the presence of
a strong hydrogen bonding group on the molecule and
narcosis (I) syndrome results from hydrophobic bond-
ing of the chemical to enzymes and/or membranes.
Keywords: 'Narcosis, Nitrogen heterocyclic com-
pounds, Amides, Amines, Minnows, Models, Lethal
dosage, Polarity, Enzyme inhibitors, Phenols, 'Toxic
substances, Structure-activity relationship.
PB89-221220/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
New Chemical Alternatives to CMorofluorocar-
bons and Halons. Rept. for Aug 88-Feb 89.
Tennessee Univ., Knoxville. Dept. of Chemistry.
J. C. Bare, N. D. Smith, and J. L. Adcock. Feb 89,10p
EPA/600/D-89/071,, AEERL-P-S29
Grant EPA-R-815147
Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste
Management Association (82nd), Anaheim, CA., June
25-30, 1989. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lat>.
The paper describes a determination of the basic prop-
erties of laboratory quantities of potential alternative
compounds which may be used to replace cNorofluor-
ocaroons (CFCs) and halons listed in the -'Montreal
Protocol for Substances that Deplete the Ozone
Layer.' The property testing currently posed for investi-
gation was designed to assist in the determination of
applicability for replacements for CFCs and halons as
refrigerants, fire extinguishants, solvents, or foam-
blowing agents. The compounds chosen are currently
being synthesized by aerosol fluorination, a process
which is described in the paper. The actual chemical
equations and experimental yields are included.
Keywords: 'Fluorohydrocarbons, "Chlorohydrocar-
bons, 'Air pollution, "Bromohydrocarbons,
Synthesis(Chemistry), Refrigerants, Halogen organic
compounds, Solvents, Fire extinguishing agents,
Fluonnation, Aerosols, Foaming agents, Blowing
agents, 'Air pollution abatement, Environmental
chemical substitutes, Ozone layer, Freons, Halons.
PBM-221238/HSU	PCA03/MFA01
Technical Issues Related to Emission Releases
from Subsiab Radon Mitigation Systems.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
D. C. Sanchez. Mar 89,14p EPA/600/D-89/078,
AEERL-P-541
Presented at the ASCE (American Society of Chemical
Engineers) National Conference on Environmental En-
gineering, Austin, TX., July 9-12,1989.
The peper presents a preliminary review of the litera-
ture and an estimation of the range of dilutions that are
possible for roof-top and elevated slde-of-house emis-
sion releases. Operating characteristics of typical
subsiab systems are used with estimated equations to
assess possible emissions reentrainment and down-
wind effects on houses. Surveya of government and
private sector radon mitigation activities indicate that
subsiab radon mitigation systems account for more
than 50% of all installed systems. While ongoing miti-
gation research and demonstration projects show
promise for optimizing system designs in the future,
current practice relies on the installation of robust (ef-
fective oversized) systems. Such systems can remove
large quantities of radon-laden soil gas from under-
neath and from around mitigated houses.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Air pollution control, "Houses,
'Air cleaners, "Slabs, "Subsurface structures, Wind di-
rection, Concentration(Composition), Performance
evaluation, Wind velocity, 'Mitigation, 'Indoor air pol-
lution, 'Soil gases, Air pollution sampling.
PB89-221248/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Asbestos Fiber Reentrainment during Vacuuming
and Wet-Cleaning of Carpet at a Captive Research
Site.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
J. R. Kominsky, R. W. Freybery, W. C. Cain, R. C.
Wilmoth, and T. J. Powers. 31 Mar 89,22p EPA/600/
D-89/055
Presented at the Annual Asbestos Abatement Confer-
ence and Exposition (6th), National Asbestos Council,
Anaheim, CA., March 29-31,1989. Prepared in coop-
eration with PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
A study was conducted to compare the effectiveness
of alternative carpet cleaning techniques and to evalu-
ate the potential for asbestos fiber reentrainment
during cleaning of carpet contaminated with asbestos.
The equipment was evaluated at two carpet contami-
nation levels. Airborne asbestos concentrations were
determined before and during carpet cleaning. Overall,
airborne asbestos concentrations were two to four
times greater during the carpet cleaning activity. The
level of asbestos contamination and the type of clean-
ing method had no statistically significant effect on the
relative increase of airborne asbestos concentrations
during carpet cleaning.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, "Carpets, 'Decontamination,
'Vacuum	cleaners,	Exposure,
Concentration(Composltion), Statistical analysis, Parti-
cle size distributions, Performance evaluation, Fire re-
sistant materials, 'Occupational safety and health,
'High efficiency particulate filters, 'Air pollution sam-
pling, Risk assessment, Wet methods, Dry methods.
PB89-2212S3/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Statistical Evaluation of Airborne Asbestos Meas-
ured Before, During and After Abatement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
J. R. Kominsky, R. W. Freyberg, T. J. Powers, and R. C.
Wilmoth. 31 Mar 89.15p EPA/600/D-89/054
Presented at the Annual Asbestos Abatement Confer-
ence and Exposition (6th), National Asbestos Council,
Anaheim, CA, March 29-31, 1989. Prepared In coop-
eration with PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
A statistical evaluation was made of airborne asbestos
concentrations measured before, during, and after re-
moval of asbestos-containing fireproofing at three uni-
versity buildings. Of the three sites studied, all passed
the AHERA z-test when the work area asbestos levels
were compared to perimeter levels (outside the abate-
ment area but inside the building). Two sites also
passed the z-test when work area and outdoor air
ievels were compared. At one site, contamination of
the perimeter area occurred at some point during the
abatement project. Had this area been used in tne z-
test clearance comparison, a contaminated site would
have been falsely released.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Statistical analysis, 'Air pollu-
tion control, Universities, Quality assurance,
Concentration(Composition), Fire resistant materials,
'Air pollution sampling, 'Indoor air pollution.
PB99-221261/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Destruction of Volatile Organic Compounds Using
Cateiyttc Oxidation. Rept. for Apr 87-Dec 88.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
M. Kosusko, and C. M. Nunez. Dec 88,19p EPA/600/
D-89/079, AEERL-P-540
Presented at the Annual AWMA (Air and Waste Man-
agement Association) Meeting, Anaheim, CA.. June
25-30,1989.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The paper discusses the application of catalytic oxida-
tion to four types of air emission sources: groundwater
stripping operations, graphic arts facilities, flexograph-
ic pnnting plants, and latex monomer production. Char-
acteristics of each of these emissions are discussed,
along with the catalytic technology used to control
them. In addition to key emission stream characteris-
tics, the paper discusses hazardous air pollutant char-
acteristics that affect the applicability of catalytic oxi-
dation.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Catalysis, "Oxida-
tion, 'Incinerators, Heat exchangers, Performance
evaluation, Design criteria, Strippers, Ground water,
Flexography, Industrial wastes, Rubber industry,
Latex, Graphic arts, 'Volatile organic compounds,
Waste gas recovery.
PB89-221279/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Use of Bioassay Methods to Evaluate Incinerator
Emissions.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. R. Watts, D. M. DeMarini, W. P. Unak, P. M.
Lemieux, and J. A. McSorley. 1989,14p EPA/600/D-
89/068
Presented at the International Conference on Munici-
pal Waste Incineration, April 12,1989.
The organic components in combustion emissions are
composed of thousands of chemicals. Analyzing such
a complex mixture for the presence of even a few se-
lected chemicals is difficult and provides information
on only a fraction of the chemicals present. Reliance
on such limited chemical analysis for determining pos-
sible health effects may ignore the contribution of
many other chemical components of the effluent. Be-
cause combustion emissions are complex mixtures,
they have been evaluated as such, rather than by
studying a few selected chemicals that might be
present. The Salmonella (Ames) assay was used to
determine the mutagenicity associated with particles
from the effluent of municipal waste combustors, from
ambient air collected near a municipal waste combus-
tor, and from the effluent of a pilot-sized rotary kiln in
which polyethylene was combusted. Filter samples
were extracted with dlchloromethane, and concentrat-
ed extracts were solvent exchanged into dimethyl sulf-
oxide for bioassay.
Keywords: 'Bioassay, 'Incinerators, 'Kilns, 'Exhaust
gases, Salmonella typhimurium, Evaluation, Toxic sub-
stances, Municipalities, Particles, 'Air pollution, 'Toxic
substances, Mutagenicity tests, Metabolic activation.
PB89-221287/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Mobile Air Conditioner Refrigerant Evaluation.
Rept. for Apr 88-Mar 89.
AcurexCorp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. L. Harmon, W. J. Rhodes, and L. Weitzman. Mar 89,
17p EPA/600/D-89/084,, AEERL-P-527
Contract EPA-68-02-4285
Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste
Management Association (82nd), Anaheim, CA., 25-
30, 1989. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses an evaluation of refrigerant from
mobile air conditioners. The data gathered indicate
that CFC-12 refrigerant does not degrade significantly
with use. Furthermore, while small amounts of con-
taminant are removed with the refrigerant during serv-
icing, most of the contaminants remain with the com-
pressor oil. Current servicing practices do not require
that the compressor oil be changed unless the com-
pressor is replaced. The presence of HCFC-22 in con-
centrations above the specification for new CFC-12
(0.5%) is rare; it occurred in less than 1% of the 227
cars tested. HCFC-22 contaminant quickly leaks out of
the automotive air conditioner through hoses and does
not appear to cause operational problems while in the
system.
Keywords: 'Refrigerants, 'Fluorohydrocarbons, 'Air
pollution, 'Chloronydrocarbons, Air conditioners, D|-
chlorodifluoromethane, Mobile equipment, Motor vehi-
cles, Leakage, 'Freons, 'Fugitive emissions, Freon
12, Freon22.
1350 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB89-221295/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Use of th« Mixed Flask Culture (MFC) Microcosm
Protocol to Estimate the Survival and Effects of
Microorganisms Added to Freshwater Ecosys-
tems.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
L. Shannon, and R. L. Anderson. 1989,37p EPA/600/
D-89/058
Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Univ.-Duluth.
Dept. of Biology.
Live microorganisms present a special problem when
assessing their effects in natural systems. Some deter-
mination of the probability of the test organisms' sur-
vival in the wild must be made and laboratory micro-
cosms offer an appropriate solution. The report de-
scribes a microcosm test procedure based on the con-
cept that many ecosystem processes are independent
of species composition. As long as suitable groups are
represented in the microcosms, these processes will
occur and a viable, self-sustaining community will de-
velop. Using the procedures outlined in this protocol 3
tests of chemicals and 4 tests with micoorganisms
have been completed. The report presents the proce-
dures and provides examples of data from experi-
ments.
Keywords: 'Toxic substances, 'Fresh water biology,
'Aquatic microbiology, Cultures(Biology), Dissolved
gases, Oxygen, pH, Food chains, Culicidae, 'Genetic
engineering, 'Biological pest control, 'Aquatic ecosys-
tems, Environmental tests, Water microbiology. Envi-
ronmental persistence.
PB89-221303/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Uncertainties In Quantitative Cancer Risk Assess-
ment: Some Approaches to Reduce Them. Sympo-
sium paper (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
C. W. Chen. Dec 88,23p EPA/600/D-89/051, OHEA-
C-313
Presented at Symposium on Health Risk Assessment,
Taipei, Taiwan, December 20-22,1988.
There are three major sources of uncertainties in
quantitative cancer risk assessment: low-dose ex-
trapolation, route-to-route extrapolation, and species-
to-species extrapolation. Scientific information and
procedures useful for reducing uncertainties are dis-
cussed. Two examples, one relating to genotoxic car-
cinogens and another to promoting agents, are pre-
sented to demonstrate the importance of incorporating
biologic information into the risk assessment. These
examples also demonstrate that a quantitative risk as-
sessment is a multidisciplined endeavor that involves
various branches of the biomedical and mathematic
sciences.
Keywords: 'Malignant neoplasms, 'Public health,
Forecasting, Estimates, Permissible dosage, Models,
'Risk assessment, 'Environmental impacts.
PB89-221311/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Efficiency of Dloxln Recovery from Fly Ash Sarn-
ies during Extraction and Cleanup Process.
outhern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
J. M. Finkel, R. H. James, K. W. Baughman, J. C. Pau,
and J. E, Knoll. 1989,23p EPA/600/D-89/050
Contract EPA-68-02-4442
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
The data from preliminary investigations of the effi-
ciency of dioxin recovery from fly ash samples during
sample extraction and subsequent column cleanup of
sample extracts are discussed. Steps of the extraction
and the column cleanup procedures were evaluated by
using radiolabeled (14)C-dioxins as tracers. Sample
extracts and eluate fractions were analyzed by liquid
scintillation counting and the results confirmed by gas
chromatography/mass spectrometry. Recovery data
of spiked 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-(14)C
(TCDD-(14)C) and octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-(14)C
(0CDD-(14)C) in carbon-free fly ash and fly ash con-
taining from 0.1 to 10% carbon are discussed. The
data indicate that the amount of carbon in the fly ash
may affect the recovery of dioxins. The data from the
study will be used to determine procedural areas that
need improvements or modifications to allow the accu-
rate determination of trace levels of dioxins and furans
in fly ash. Various extraction techniques of fly ash and
cleanup of sample extracts by column chromatogra-
phy were evaluated. Several chromatographic media
and eluting solvents were investigated. Information
from this study will support efforts to monitor the haz-
ardous composition, if any, of fly ash from various
types of incinerators that use different types of com-
bustible materials, mainly municipal wastes.
Keywords: 'Fly ash, 'Hazardous materials, 'Inciner-
ation, 'Solvent extraction. Chromatographic analysis.
Trace elements, Chemical analysis, Carbon 14, Isotop-
ic labeling, Solid wastes, Chlorine organic compounds,
Oxygen organic compounds, 'Dioxins, 'Municipal
wastes, 'Furans, Dibenzodioxin/tetrachloro, Dibenzo-
dioxin/octachloro, Environmental monitoring.
PB89-221329/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation and Estimation of Potential Carcino-
Senlc Risks of Polynudaar Aromatic Hydrocar-
ons (PAH). Symposium paper (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
M. M. L. Chu, and C. W. Chen. Jan 85,34p EPA/600/
D-89/049, OHEA-C-147
Presented at the 1984 International Chemical Con-
gress of Pacific Basin Societies.
The evaluation and estimation of the potential risk of
human exposures to a hazardous substance requires
the analysis of all relevant data to answer two ques-
tions: does the agent cause the effect and what is th«
relationship between dose (exposure) and incidence
of the effect in humans. For polynuclear aromatic hy-
drocarbons (PAH), carcinogenicity is the effect of con-
cern. Three types of evidence can be used to evaluate
the likelihood that a PAH is carcinogenic to humans.
They are epidemiologic evidence, experimental evi-
dence derived from long-term animal bioassays, sup-
portive or suggestive evidence from short-term tests,
metabolism, pharmacokinetics and structure-activity
correlations. Mathematical modeling can be used to
estimate the potential human risks. The approaches
and the problems associated with these approaches
for estimating cancer risk to humans are addressed
with special emphasis on problems related to PAH.
Keywords: 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, 'Public
health, 'Carcinogens, Exposure, Bioassays, Epidemi-
ology, Mathematical models, Hazardous materials.
Dosage, Assessments, Laboratory animals, In vivo
analysis, 'Risk assessment, 'Occupational safety and
health, Environmental monitoring.
PBB9-221337/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
U.S. and Canadian Emissions Inventory, 1M&.
Rept. for Mar-Sep 88.
Alliance Technologies Corp., Chapel Hill, NC.
W. Tax, D. Pahl, and F. Vena. 1988,22p* EPA/600/D-
89/046,, AEERL-P-463
Contract EPA-68-02-4274
Proceedings of the EMEP Workshop on Emissions In-
ventory Techniques, Cologne, Federal Republic of
Germany, May 17-19, 1988. Prepared in cooperation
with Environment Canada, Ottawa (Ontario). Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Re-
search Lab.
The paper discusses efforts by the U.S. and Canada to
develop an accurate and highly detailed 1965 emis-
sions inventory which focuses on three pollutanta
(S02, NOx, and VOCs) believed to play a critical role in
the formation of acid deposition, and also includes in-
formation on species such as HCI, HF, NH3, and alka-
line particulate matter. The 1985 emissions inventory
is also designed to meet a number of research objec-
tives for the U.S. National Acid Precipitation Assess-
ment Program. The U.S. and Canadian data collection
methodologies exhibited differences in data formats,
classifications of point and area sources, emission fee!
tors, source classification codes, units of measure-
ment, key data elements, and quality control checks.
U.S. and Canadian modeling inventories differ intttSr
respective grid sizes, allocation factors, and *r—
classes for VOCs and total suspended particulates!
The inventory methodologies used by each countrv
were adapted and standardized to ensure consistent
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Air pol-
lution, Canada, United States, Data processing,
Sources, Assessments, Quality control, Mathematical
models, 'Volatile organic compounds, 'Acid rain,
•Emissions inventories, Emission factors, Total sus-
pended particulates, National Acid Precipitation As-
sessment Program.
PB89-221345/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Calcination of Calcium Hydroxide Sorbent In the
Pretence of S02 and It* Effaet on Reactivity.
Rept. for Oct 88-Mar 89.
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
W. Jozewicz, and D. A. Kirchgessner. 6 Apr 89,31 p
EPA/600/D-89/045., AEERL-P-512
Contract EPA-68-02-4701
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper discusses the calcination of Ca(OH)2 sor-
bent in the presence of S02 and its effect on reactivity.
When Ca(OH)2 is calcined in an isothermal flow reac-
tor with 300 ppm or less S02, the structure of the sor-
bent is characterized by retention of higher pore vol-
umes and surface areas than when calcined in the ab-
sence of S02. When reinjected into the isothermal
flow reactor (1000 C, 3000 ppm, 0.8 s), a higher level
of reactivity with S02 is observed for the S02-modified
calcine than for the unmodified sorbent Structural evi-
dence suggests that a slower initial rate of sintering in
the modified calcine accounts for its enhanced reactiv-
ity. It is postulated that deposition of small amounts of
CaS04 on pore faces and along crystal boundaries re-
tards the solid state diffusion process responsible for
sintering. The effects on sintering and reactivity of vari-
ous combinations of residence time (0.6 • 2.0 s) and
S02 concentration (10-50 ppm) during precalcination
have been tested.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Calcium hydroxide,
'Adsorbents, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Reaction kinetics,
Chemical reactions. Combustion products, Surface
chemistry, Area, Porosity, Experimental design, Calci-
um sulfates, 'Calcination, 'Limestone injection multis-
tage burners.
PB89-221362/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Bench-Scale Evaluation of Calcium Sorbent* for
Acid Qa* Emission Control. Rept for Oct 88-Mar
89.
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
W. Jozewicz, J. C. S. Chang, and C. B. Sedman. Apr
89,29p EPA/600/D-89/044,, AEERL-P-516
Contract EPA-68-02-4701
Presented at the Spring National Meeting of the AlChE
(American Society of Chemical Engineers), Houston,
TX., April 1-6,1989. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper gives results of an evaluation of calcium
sorbents for acid gas emission control for effective-
ness in removing S02/HCI and S02/NOx from simu-
lated incinerator and boiler flue gases which is used in
municipal solid waste disposal. All tests were conduct-
ed in a bench-scale fixeo-bed reactor simulating fabric
filter conditions in an acid gas removal process. Rea-
gent grade Ca(OH)2 was used to establish baseline
sorbent performance. Several additives were subse-
quently tested to determine optimum sorbent combi-
nations for S02/NO control. As with S02/HCI, calci-
um silicate has been shown to be superior for S02/NO
capture. Some implications for larger-scale process
configurations and sorbent selection for HCI/S02/NO
control are discussed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Adsorbents, 'Incin-
erators, 'Boilers, 'Calcium hydroxides, Solid waste
disposal, Flue gases, Performance evaluation, Sulfur
dioxide, Hydrochloric acid, Nitrogen oxide(NO), Nitro-
gen oxides, Infection, 'Acid gases, 'Fabric filters, 'Dry
methods, 'Calcium silicates, Municipal wastes.
PBM-221360/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Trial Burn*: Method* Perspective.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
L. D. Johnson. Feb 89,13p EPA/600/D-89/043
Presented at the Annual Symposium, Hazardous
Waste Incineration (1st), Beaumont, TX., February,
1989.
When conducting a trial burn, it is necessary to make a
number of measurements to adequately define the
performance of the incinerator. In addition to flue gas
emissions for particulate matter, HCI, and selected or-
ganics, it is also necessary to measure selected organ-
ics in the waste feed, incinerator operating tempera-
ture, stack gas volume flow, waste feed rate, and many
other important parameters. A relatively small, but im-
portant segment of this trial burn sampling and analy-
sis universe is addressed in the paper. Tne sampling
and analysis procedures receiving the most attention
until recently have been those for organic compounds.
The knowledge base and availability of detailed proce-
dures is stiir expanding. Recently, concerns about
metals emissions have caused further research into
sampling technology in that area. Accordingly, the
principal sampling and related analytical methods to
be discussed will be Method 0010, Method 0030, and
the new Multiple Metals Train.
Keywords: 'incinerators, 'Combustion efficiency,
'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal, Performance
evaluation, Flue gases, Particles, Organic compounds,
Hydrogen chloride, Chemical analysis, Metals, 'Air
pollution sampling, 'Air pollution detection, EPA
method 10, EPA method 30, Stacks.
PB89-221378/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
S02 and NOx Control Technology Research, De-
velopment, and Demonstration. Rept. for 1982-Mar
89.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
R. D. Stern, C. B. Sedman, and F. T. Princiotta. 1989,
15p EPA/600/D-89/041
Presented at the International Conference on Coal and
Slurry Technology (14th), Clearwater, FL., April 24-27,
1989.
The paper describes work in several areas relating to
reducing S02 and NOx emissions from coal-fired utility
boilers and provides an overview of objectives, ap-
proach, current status, and plans for each. In addition,
it describes plans for a small-scale selective catalytic
reduction system. S02 and NOx are major pollutants
resulting from fuel combustion. Coal-fired utility boilers
account for about 65% of the S02 and 29% of the
NOx emissions in the U.S. These pollutants are gener-
ally believed to be major precursors of acid rain, and
their control is a significant concern of the U.S. EPA,
the utility industry, and other private and public organi-
zations. The national strategy for reducing acid rain is
still being debated in Congress; the choice of a strate-
gy will determine the control techniques for limiting
S02 and NOx emissions from utility boilers and will
most likely include a mix of technologies to achieve the
desired reduction at minimum cost.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Ni-
trogen oxides, 'Industrial wastes, Combustion prod-
ucts, Catalysts, Electrostatic precipitators, Burners,
Flue gases, 'Coal fired power plants. Stationary
sources, Limestone injection multistage burners, Acid
rain.
PB89-221386/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Aquatic Humlc Substances a* Sources and Sinks
of Photochemlcally Produced Transient Reac-
tants.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA. Office of
Research and Development,
J. Hoigne, B. C. Faust, W. R. Haag, and R. G. Zepp.
1989,31 p EPA/600/D-89/040
Prepared in cooperation with Eidgenoessische Anstalt
fuer Wasserversorgung, Abwasserreinigung und
Gewaesserschultz, Duebendorf (Switzerland).
In sunlit surface waters, aquatic humics and nitrate act
as sensitizers or precursors for the production of pho-
toreactants such as singlet oxygen, humic-derived
peroxy radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and solvated elec-
trons. Lifetimes of the various reactants are controlled
by their reactions with aquatic humics, by solvent
quenching (singlet oxygen), by reactions with molecu-
lar oxygen (solvated efectron), or by other processes
(peroxy radicals). The steady-state concentration of
each transient formed during solar irradiation was de-
termined from the observed disappearance rate of
added organic probe compounds. The probe com-
pounds have selective reactivities with the individual
transient species of interest. Effects of these photor-
eactants on the elimination of micropollutants and on
chemical transformations of dissolved organic matter
are discussed.
Keywords: 'Surface waters, 'Water pollution, 'Humic
acids, 'Photochemical reactions, 'Solar radiation,
Aquatic biology, Nitration, Free radicals, Hydrogen per-
oxide, Oxygen, Reaction kinetics.
PB89-221394/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Expert System Technology: Tool* for Developing
Intelligent Advisory Systems for Today's Waste
Management Programs.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
D. Greathouse, and J. Clements. 1989,12p EPA/600/
D-89/038
Prepared in cooperation with Computer Sciences
Corp., Cincinnati, OH.
The paper discusses what expert systems are, the
benefits of expert systems, development techniques,
example hazardous waste systems and considerations
that should be evaluated for future systems within the
municipal solid waste sector.
Keywords: 'Waste management, 'Municipalities,
'Solid waste disposal, 'Waste treatment, Computer
applications, Artificial intelligence, Decision making,
"Expert systems.
PB89-221402/HSU	PC E99/MF EOT
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT)
Treatment Set
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
1989,1868p-in 14v
Set includes PB89-221410 through PB89-221527,
PB89-220552 and PB89-220560.
No abstract available.
PB89-221410/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Treatment Technology Background Document
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
J. R. Berlow, and J. Vorbach. Jun 89,253p EPA/530/
SW-89/048A
The document, consisting of descriptions of 23 treat-
ment technologies, includes information relevant to
the use and understanding of the background docu-
ments for each group of listed hazardous wastes sub-
ject to the RCRA Land Ban restrictions. These treat-
ment technology descriptions represent a revision to
previously published versions. Typically the revisions
made were editorial in nature. The reader should note
that the document has not been peer reviewed.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial waste
treatment, 'Water pollution control, Waste disposal.
Acid treatment, Precipitation(Chemistry), Oxidation,
Reduction(Chemistry), Adsorption, Evaporation, Strip-
ping, Incineration, Solvent extraction, Materials recov-
ery, High temperature tests, Ion exchanging, Stabiliza-
tion, Distillation, Filtration, 'Best technology, 'Tech-
nology utilization, Retorting, Biological industrial waste
treatment, Fuel substitution, Dry methods, Wet meth-
ods.
PB89-221428/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Methodology for Developing Best Demonstrated
Available Technology (BOAT) Treatment Stand-
ard*.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
R. April. May 89,81p EPA/530/SW-89/048B
See also PB89-221410 and PB89-142301.
The document summarizes EPA's approach for Imple-
menting the land disposal restrictions program. Sec-
tion 2 presents the legal authority under which the
Agency is basing its regulations; Section 3 describes
the technical methodology EPA uses to define treat-
ment standards for restricted hazardous wastes. Sec-
tion 4 discusses variances from these treatment stand-
ards, and finally, Section 5 presents the Agency's ap-
proach to the special problems raised by the P and U
listed hazardous waste categories in 40 CFR 261.33.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Standards, "Water pollution control,
"Waste disposal, "Industrial waste treatment, "Haz-
ardous	materials,	Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Earth fills, Sampling,
"Best technology, "Land disposal, "Hazardous and
Solid Waste Amendments of 1984, Surface impound-
ments, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Standards compliance, Pollution regulations.
PB89-221436/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Response to Comments: Background Document
for the Second Third Land Disposal Restrictions
Proposed Rule: Policy Related Comments.
ICF Technology, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
8 Jun 89,193p EPA/530/SW-89/048C
See also PB89-221535. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid
Waste.
The Agency requested public comments on the pro-
posed rule to prohibit land disposal of the second one-
third of the schedule of restricted hazardous wastes,
known as the Second Third. The regulated community,
environmental organizations, trade associates, State
and Federal agencies, and concerned citizens submit-
ted over 90 written comments on the proposed rule.
EPA compiled three volumes of the comments. Docu-
ment 048C addresses comments on broad policy
issues.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Waste treatment,
"Waste disposal, Public opinion, Standards, State gov-
ernment, Injection, Leaching, Industrial wastes, Soil
surveys, Incinerators, Law(Jurisprudence), Water pol-
lution control, "Land disposal, "Pollution regulations,
"Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984,
"Waste recycling, Resource Conservation and Recov-
ery Act, Federal agencies, Waste management, Land
pollution, Remedial action, Best technology, Super-
fund program.
PB89-221444/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Beet Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT)
Background Document for Organophosphorous
Wastss.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
SV^89/048G Cunninflham-Jun 89' 62P EPA/530/
Contract EPA-68-01 -7053
See also PB89-142251 and PB89-221428. Sponsored
Offfcnetf0sSiTwa8tre0,eCti0n Washin9ton'DC'
The background document provides the Agency's
technical support for selecting and developing treat-
ment standards for the constituents to be regulated in
these organophosphorous wastes. Section 2 presents
waste-specific information; Section 3 discusses the
applicable and demonstrated technologies used to
treat these wastes; Section 4 presents the available
performance data; Section 5 explains EPA's determi-
nation of BDAT, white Section 6 discusses the selec-
tion of constituents to be regulated and Section 7 pre-
sents treatment standards for these constituents.
Keywords: "Phosphorus organic compounds, "Water
pollution control, "Industriar waste treatment, "Waste
disposal, Hazardous materials, Performance stand-
ards, Distillation, Stripping, Filtration, Sludge treat-
ment, Pesticides, "Best technology, "Land disposal,
"Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984,
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Pollution
regulations, SIC 2818.
PB89-221451/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document for Phthalate Wastes.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
R April, and L. Rosengrant. Jun 89,55p EPA/530/
SW-89/048H
Contract EPA-68-01-7053
See also PB89-142244 and PB89-221444. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
The document provides the Agency's technicalI sup-
port for selecting and developing treatment standards
for the constituents to be regulated in the phthalate
wastes. Sections 2 through 7 present waste-specific
information for the K023, K093, and K094 wastes.
Section 8 presents a discussion of the development of
treatment standards for those phthalate wastes de-
signed as U wastes (U028, U069, U088, U102, U107,
and U190).
Keywords: "Phthalates, "Water pollution control, "In-
dustrial waste treatment, "Waste disposal, "Hazard-
ous materials, Performance standards, Incineration,
Chemical industry, "Best technology, "Land disposal,
"Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984,
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Pollution
regulations.
PB89-221469/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Beet Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document for K009 and K010.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
R. April, and J. Labiosa. Jun 89,83p EPA/530/SW-89/
0481
Contract EPA-68-01-7053
See also PB89-221451 and PB89-139117. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
The background document provides the Agency's
technical support for selecting and developing treat-
ment standards for the only regulated constituent (i.e.,
chloroform) for the K009 and K010 wastes. Section 2
presents waste-specific information; Section 3 dis-
cusses the applicable and demonstrated technologies
used to treat the waste; Section 4 summarizes the
available performance data; Section 5 explains EPA's
determination of BDAT, while Section 6 discusses the
selection of the regulated constituent and deletion of
some K009 and K010 constituents originally selected
in the proposed rule. Finally, Section 7 presents the
determination of the treatment standards.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Industrial waste
treatment, "Waste treatment, "Waste disposal, "Chlo-
roform, "Hazardous materials, Acetaldehyde, Perform-
ance standards, Distillation, Incinerators,
Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition), Chemical
industry, "Best technology, "Land disposal, "Hazard-
ous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984, Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act, Pollution regulations,
SIC 2869.
PB89-221477/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document for K011, K013, and K014.
Final rept.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
R. April, and M. Chatmon-McEaddy. Jun 89,104p
EPA/530/SW-89/048J
Contract EPA-68-01 -7053
See also PB89-139646 and PB89-221469. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
The background document presents the Agency's
technical support for selecting and developing the
treatment standards for the constituents to be regulat-
ed in the acrylonitrile nonwastewaters. The document
also contains some information relevant to the acrylo-
nitrile wastewaters. THE EPA will summarize any addi-
tional information used to develop performance stand-
ards for the wastewaters from acrylonitrile production
in an addendum to the background document. Be-
cause of facility claims of confidentiality, the document
does not contain all of the data that EPA used in Its
regulatory decision-making process.
Keywords: "Acrylonitriles, "Waste disposal, "Water
pollution control, "Industrial waste treatment, "Hazard-
ous materials, Performance standards, Plastics indus-
try, Incinerators, Cyanides, "Best technology, "Land
disposal, "Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments
of 1984, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Pollution regulations, SIC 2869.
PB89-221486/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document for Cyanide Wastes.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
R. April, and M. Chatmon-McEaddy. Jun 89,311 d
EPA/530/SW-89/048K
Contract EPA-68-01-7053
See also PB89-142228 and PB89-21477. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
The background document provides the Agency's
technical support for selecting and developing pro-
posed treatment standards for the constituents to be
regulated for the electroplating and metal heat treating
wastes. Sections 2 through 7 present information for
the F-code wastes. Section B discusses associated In-
organic cyanide P-code wastes and details the devel-
opment of the proposed treatment standards for these
wastes.
Keywords: "Cyanides, "Water pollution control, 'In-
dustrial waste treatment, "Metal finishing, "Hazardous
materials, Metals, Performance standards,
Tables(Data),	Electroplating,
Concentration(Composition), "Best technology, "Land
disposal, "Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments
of 1984, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Pollution regulations, SIC 3000.
PB89-221493/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. DC
Office of Solid Waste.
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document for K043. Final rept.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
R. April, and J. Vorbach. Jun 89,47p EPA/530/SW-
89/048L
Contract EPA-68-01-7053
See also PB89-221485 and PB89-142236. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
The background document provides the Agency's
technical support for selecting and developing vie pro-
posed treatment standards for the constituents tobe
regulated in K043 waste. Section 2 presents waste-
specific information Section 3 discusses the technol-
ogies used to treat the waste; Section 4 presents avail-
able performance data; Section 5 explains EPA's de-
tention of BDAT; while Section 6 discusses the selec-
tion of constituents to be regulated; and the treatment
standards are determined In Section 7.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Industrial waste
treatment, "Waste disposal, "Hazardous materials.
Performance standards, Incinerators, Pesticides
"Best technology, "Hazardous and Solid Waste
Amendments of 1984, "Land disposal, "Phenol/dlch-
loro, Volatile organic compounds, Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act, Pollution regulations, D2-4 h«-
blcide, SIC 2818.	"*
PB89-221501/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. DC
Office of Solid Waste.
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT)
Background Document for Wastes from the Prn.
ductlon of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
F024. Final rept.	wwma
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. R. Berlow, and J. Vorbach. May 89,30p EPA/530/
SW-89/048M
Contract EPA-68-01 -7053
Prepared in cooperation with Versar, Inc., Springfield.
VA. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Aoencv
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The background document provides the Agency's ra-
tionale and technical support for selecting tne constitu-
ents to be regulated as F024 wastes ana for devetorv
ing treatment standards for these constituents. Tha
document also provides waste characterization data
that serve as a basis for determining whether a vari-
ance from a treatment standard may be warranted fcw
a particular type of F024 that is more difficult to treat
than the wastes that were analyzed in devekvJnn
treatment standards for F024.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Industrial wast*
treatment, "Chlorine aliphatic compounds, "Waste rST
posal, "Hazardous materials. Performance standard
Metals,	Tables(Data),	IncirSSSS:
Concentration(Compo8ition), Chemical industry, "Boat
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
technology, 'Hazardous and Solid Waste Amend-
ments of 1984, 'Land disposal, Furans, Dioxins, Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act, Pollution reg-
ulations, Waste water reuse, Chemical feedstocks.
PB69-221519/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BOAT)
Background Document for Wastes from the Pro-
duction of 1, 1, 1-Trichioroethans K028, K029,
K095, and K096. Final rept.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. R. Berlow, and L. Jones. 25 May 89,96p EPA/530/
SW-89/048N
Contract EPA-68-01-7053
See also PB89-221501. Prepared in cooperation with
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of
Solid Waste.
The background document provides the Agency's ra-
tionale and technical support for selecting the constitu-
ents regulated in K028, K029, K095, and K096 non-
wastewatere and K028 wastewaters and for develop-
ing treatment standards for these constituents. The
document also provides waste characterization data
that serve as a basis for determining whether a vari-
ance from treatment standards may be warranted for a
particular type of K028, K029, K095, or K096 waste
that is more difficult to treat than the wastes that were
analyzed in developing the treatment standards for
K028, K029, K095, and K096 non-wastewaters and
K028 wastewaters.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Industrial waste
treatment, 'Waste disposal, 'Hazardous materials.
Performance standards, Chemical industry, 'Best
technology, 'Land disposal, 'Hazardous and Solid
Waste Amendments of 1984, 'Ethane/trichloro, Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act, Pollution reg-
ulations, SIC 2869.
PB69-221527/H3U	PC A06/MF A01
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document for Waste* from the Pro-
duction of Dinltrotolutne, Toiuensdlamlns, and
Toluene Dllsocyanate (K027, K111, K112, K113,
K114, K115, K116, U221, and U223). Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
J. E. Labiosa. May 89.106p EPA/530/SW-89/048O
See also PB89-142285 and PB89-221519.
The background document provides the Agency's
treatment standards for wastes from the production of
dlnitrotoluene, toluenediamine, and toluene dlisocyan-
ate (K027, K113-4116, U221, and U223). The Agency
is not proposing treatment standards for the newly
Dated wastes KT11 and K112 at this time. The back-
ground document presents waste-specific information,
the number and locations of facilities affected by the
land disposal restrictions for K027, K113-K116, U221
and U223 wastes, the waste generating process, char-
acterization data, and the technologies used to treat
the waste or similar wastes. The document also ex-
plaint the determination of BDAT, selection of con-
stituents to be regulated, and calculation of treatment
standards.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Industrial waste
treatment, 'Waste disposal, 'Hazardous materials,
'Dlnitrotoluene, Explosives, Toluidines, Dyes, Per-
formance standards, Incinerators, Nlckle, 'Best tech-
nology, 'Land disposal, 'Hazardous and Solid Waste
Amendments Of 1984, 'Toluene diamine, 'Toluene dii-
socyanate, Fuel substitution, Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act, Pollution regulations.
P089-22153S/H8U	PC A98/MF E10
Response to the Second Third Wastes Treatment
Standards: Related Comments for the Second
TMrd Land Disposal Restrictions Proposed Rule
(Issue Numbers 1 Through 12).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
8 Jun 89,1460p* EPA/530/SW-89/048D
See also PB89-221543.Portlons of this document are
not fully legible.
The Agency requested public comments on the pro-
posed rule to prohibit the land disposal of the second
one-third of the schedule of restricted hazardous
wastes, known as the Second Third. The regulated
community, environmental organizations, trade associ-
ates, State and Federal agencies, and concerned citi-
zens submitted over 90 written comments on the pro-
posed rule. EPA compiled three volumes of the com-
ments. The document addresses comments on waste-
specific treatment standards.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
'Waste disposal, Standards, Public opinion, State gov-
ernment, Law(Jurisprudence), Industrial wastes, Water
pollution control, Incinerators, Cyanides, Metals, Pig-
ments, Phosphorus organic compounds, Phthalates,
'Land disposal, 'Pollution regulations, 'Hazardous
and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984, 'Waste recy-
cling, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Fed-
eral agencies, Waste management, Dioxins, Furans.
PB89-221543/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Response to Capacity-Related Comments Submit-
tsd on the Second Third Proposed Land Disposal
Rsstrictlons Rule.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
8 Jun 89,162p* EPA/530/SW-89/048E
See also PB89-221436.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The Agency requested public comments on the rule to
prohibit the land disposal of the second one-third of
the schedule of restricted hazardous wastes, known
as the Second Third. The regulated community, envi-
ronmental organizations, trade associations, State and
Federal agencies, and concerned citizens submitted
over 90 written comments on the proposed rule. EPA
compiled three volumes of the comments. The volume
addresses comments on waste specific capacity con-
cerns.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
'Waste disposal, State government,
Law(Jurisprudence), Leaching, Cyanides, Incinerators,
Industrial wastes, Standards, Water pollution control,
Concentration(Composition), Public opinion, 'Land
disposal, 'Pollution regulations, 'Hazardous and Solid
Waste Amendments of 1984, 'Waste management,
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Land pollu-
tion, US EPA, Best technology.
PB89-222483/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Qsographlc Information System Documentation
of Watershed Data for Direct/Delayed Response
Projsct. North sast Data bass.
NSI Technology Services Corp., Corvallis, OR.
D. C. Mortenson. Mar 89,47p EPA/600/3-89/001
See also PB89-219539. Sponsored by Corvallis Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., OR.
The Direct/Delayed Response Project (DDRP) was
designed by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency within the National Acid Precipitation Assess-
ment Program to predict the long-term response of wa-
tersheds and surface waters to acidic deposition. The
purpose of the DDRP is to investigate and distinguish
the time scales over which surface water systems
might change chemically under varying levels of acidic
deposition. The DDRP is examining a sub-set of water-
sheds sampled as part of the National Surface Water
Survey. In the Northeast Region of the United States,
145 watersheds are under study. The DDRP required
detailed watershed information on those characteris-
tics thought important relative to the effects of acid
deposition. The information was then mapped, then
entered into a Geographic Information System (GIS).
The document discusses protocols, guidelines, and
standards used to complete GIS entry of the mapping
data, and quality control procedures used to ensure
accuracy and consistency.
Keywords: 'Information systems, 'Watersheds, 'Sur-
face waters, 'Mapping, Hydrology, Quality control,
Performance evaluation, Guidelines, Standards, Re-
gional analyses, Soils, Lakes, Land use. Geology,
'Northeast Reglon(United States), 'Acid rain, 'Wafer
pollution sampling, 'Direct/Delayed Response
Project. US EPA.
PBM-222624/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Formation and Control of Non-Trihalomathans
By-ProducU.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
A. A. Stevens, L. A. Moore, and R. J. Miltner. 1989,20p
EPA/600/ D-89/037
Hundreds of organic byproducts of chlorination are
now known to occur in drinking water along with the tri-
halomethanes. About twenty of these appear to be
found with sufficient frequency and in sufficient con-
centration to attract consideration for regulations.
These include chloral hydrate, chloropicrin, a trichloro-
propanone, haloacetonitriles, and haloacetic acids.
Trihalomethane concentrations do not serve as good
predictors of concentrations of these other byproducts
because their conditions of formation vary widely. This
is especially true when pH is changed. Treatment
strategies for control of these byproducts including the
trihalomethanes are: Remove the compounds after
they are formed; Remove precursors; and Use other
disinfectants. Current evidence supports the idea that
precursor removal processes effective for trihalometh-
ane control may be effective for the other byproducts
as well.
Keywords: 'Drinking water, 'Chlorination, 'Water
treatment, Pilot plants, Byproducts, Chlomethanes,
Removal, Disinfection, Oxidizers, Water pollution con-
trol, pH, Disinfectants, Regulations,
Concentration(Composition), *T rihalomethanes.
PB89-222632/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Sources of Mutagenic Activity in Urban Fins Parti-
cles. Symposium paper.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
R. K. Stevens, C. W. Lewis, T. G. Dzubay, L. T. Cupitt,
and J. Lewtas. 1989,26p EPA/600/D-89/034
Samples were collected during the winter of 1985-
1986 in the cities of Albuquerque, NM and Raleigh, NC
as part of a US Environmental Protection Agency
study to evaluate methods to determine the emission
sources contributing to the mutagenic properties of ex-
tractable organic matter (EOM) present in fine parti-
cles. Data derived from the analysis of the composition
of these fine particles served as input to a multi-linear
regression (MLR) model used to calculate the relative
contribution of wood burning and motor vehicles
sources to mutagenic activity observed in the extracta-
ble organic matter. At both sites the mutagenic poten-
cy of EOM was found to be greater (3-5 times) for
mobile sources when compared to wood smoke ex-
tractable organics. Carbon-14 measurements which
give a direct determination of the amount of EOM that
originated from wood burning were in close agreement
with the source apportionment derived from the MLR
model.
Keywords: 'Exhaust gases, 'Smoke, Wood, Muta-
gens, Model tests, Salmonella typhimurium. Carbon
14, Urban areas, Environmental surveys, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), "Mutagenicity tests.
PB89-222640/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Risk Asssssmsnt of Chemical Mixtures.
Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
J. F. Stars, J. Patterson, K. Blackburn, R. C. Hertzberg,
and C. T. DeRosa. 1989,11p EPA/600/D-89/028
Pub. in Trace Substances in Environmental Health
XIX: Proceedings of the University of Missouri's Annual
Conference (19th), June 3-6,1985.
The Implementation of Superfund requires a methodol-
ogy for estimating health risk from multi-chemical con-
tamination at ambient levels. Most often, the chemical
composition of these mixtures is poorly characterized,
exposure data are uncertain and toxicologic data on
the known components of the mixture are limited.
However, a potential human health hazard may exist
and the U.S. EPA, state and local governments need
to be able to assess the total hazard in order to make
decisions on appropriate action. The paper describes
a procedure for assessing the risks from chemical mix-
tures that includes options when different kinds of data
are available. Good-quality information on the mixture
of concern or a similar mixture should always be used.
A less desirable, still useful approach, is to utilize data
on components and their interactions. The quality of
exposure and toxicity data must be determined and the
uncertainties involved in each risk assessment must
be thoroughly discussed. Water contamination is brief-
ly discussed since it is of vital concern as the primary
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
exposure medium for chemical mixtures. The method-
ology for estimating the human health risk from single
chemicals, both carcinogens and systematic toxicants,
is reviewed as it forms the basis for the assessment of
mixtures.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
Sites, Water pollution, Record of Decision, First Reme-
dial Action, 'Superfund, Chemical mixtures, Health
risk.
PB89-222673/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Assessment of Ecologic Risks Related to Chemi-
cal Exposure: Methods and Strategies Used In the
United States.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
J. W. Falco, and R. V. Moraski. May 88,16p EPA/600/
D-89/069
Pub. in Risk Management of Chemicals in the Environ-
ment, Vol. 12 of NATO: Challenges of Modern Society,
Jan 89.
The state-of-the-art assessment of risk to the ecosys-
tem is still evolving. Although single-species tests have
provided valuable information for the assessment of
ecologic risk, it is necessary to focus on ecosystems-
level tests and analyses. The increasing availability of
predictive models makes assessment of risk to the en-
vironment, rather than simply to a single species, more
possible. The paper presents a partial compilation of
methods used in performing ecological risk assess-
ments developed by the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency or published by the American Society for
Testing and Materials and looks at the future directions
of the EPA in the development of new ecological risk
assessment methodologies and approaches.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Chemical compounds,
United States, Standards, Exposure, Lethal dosage,
Public health, Population, Forecasting, Guidelines,
Bioassays, Physiology, Reprints, 'Risk assessment,
Ecosystems, 'Toxic substances, 'Environmental ef-
fects.
?B89-222681/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Quantitative Evaluation of Air Filtration Systems
n Use at Asbestos Abatement Sites: Research In
Progress.
environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
deduction Engineering Lab.
T. J. Powers, W. C. Cain, R. C. Wilmoth, J. R.
Kominsky, and J. A. Brownie©. 1989,17p EPA/600/D-
89/056
Presented at the National Asbestos Abatement Coun-
cil Conference, and Exposition (6th), Anaheim, CA„
March 29-31, 1989. Prepared in cooperation with PEI
Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH., and New Jersey
State Dept. of Health, Trenton.
High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filtration sys-
tems serve as the principal engineering control to
remove asbestos particulate from airstreams at abate-
ment projects. However, little quantitative information
is available on the integrity of these air filtration sys-
tems in preventing asbestos fiber release into outdoor
air or adjacent building areas, potentially exposing oc-
cupants. A study is in progress to assess the perform-
ance of HEPA filtration systems in use at asbestos
abatement projects to determine each systems oper-
ating particle-removal efficiency, percent concentra-
tion, and decontamination factor. The asbestos fiber
concentration in the inlet and discharge air of each fil-
tration system will be determined by isokinetic air sam-
pling. Each isokinetic air sample collected will be ana-
lyzed using transmission electron microscopy. In addi-
tion, in-place aerosol performance testing will be con-
ducted according to procedures outlined in ANSI/
ASME N510-1980. The test method utilizes a polydis-
persed dioctyl phthalate aerosol (generated by Laskin
nozzles) and a photometric light-scattering mass-con-
centration detector as the measuring device.
Keywords: 'Filtration, 'Asbestos, 'Air cleaners, 'Air
pollution control equipment, Performance evaluation,
Concentration(Composition), Aerosols, Experimental
design, Wind tunnels, 'High efficiency particular air fil-
ters, "Air pollution sampling.
PB89-222699/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Type# and Effects of Microbial Contamination of
Groundwater.	, ..
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
G. F. Craun. 1989,32p EPA/600/D-89/067
Proceedings of West Virginia Ground Water 1987:
Status and Future Directions, Morgantown, WV.,
August 13-15,1987.
Waterborne illness can be contracted by ingestion of
contaminated water or ice; during bathing, swimming,
or wading; from inhalation of aersols, gases, or vapors
from contaminated water or waste water. The general
unavailability of water for bathing and washing also
contributes and can increase person-to-person trans-
mission of certain infectious diseases. Reviewed in the
article are those illnesses caused by ingestion of con-
taminated water, especially groundwater and deficien-
cies in water supply systems which have been respon-
sible for waterborne outbreaks in the United States. Al-
though the emphasis is on infectious disease, acute
chemical poisonings are also briefly reviewed.
Keywords: 'Microorganisms, 'Water pollution,
'Ground water, 'Water supply, Ingestion(Biology),
Respiration, Aerosols, Contamination, Ice, Giardiasis,
Concentration(Composition), Protozoa, Escherchi coli,
Amebiasis, Hepatitis viruses, Gastrointestinal dis-
eases, Waterborne diseases.
PB89-222707/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Methods Used In the United States for the As-
sessment and Management of Health Risk Due to
Chemicals.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
J. W. Falco, and R. V. Moraski. May 88,27p* EPA/
600/D-89/070, OHEA-E-284
Pub. in Risk Management of Chemicals in the Environ-
ment, Vol. 12 of NATO: Challenges of Modern Society,
Jan 89.
A key factor in the development of a strategy for the
control of environmental pollution or the protection of
human health is the assessment of the risk associated
with the accidental or intentional release of the chemi-
cal. A risk assessment may be used to estimate the
degree of risk reduction that could result from the con-
sideration of control scenarios that may be implement-
ed in the regulatory process. As legislation and regula-
tions have been enacted over the years to control
chemical releases and to institute risk strategies, a di-
versity of approaches and technical quality in risk as-
sessments resulted and complicated the management
of environmental risks. The paper reviews the recent
major U.S. reports on the issues of risk assessment
and risk management and the response of federal
agencies to the recommendations made in those re-
ports. A more detailed description in this area is provid-
ed including as an example the recent risk assessment
for dichloromethane (methylene chloride).
Keywords: 'Environmental pollution, 'Public health,
'Hazardous materials, United States, Legislation, Ex-
posure, Reprints, 'Risk assessment, 'Chemical spills,
Environment management, Pollution regulations.
PB89-222798/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD.
Mutagenicity of Combustion Emissions from a
Biomedical Waste Incinerator.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. H. Driver, H. W. Rogers, and L. D. Claxton. 1989,
15p EPA/600/D-89/093
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill. Biohazard Science Program. Sponsored
by National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD.
The Ames Salmonella typhimurium (TA98) assay was
used to determine the mutagenicity of stack fly ash
from a medical/pathological waste incinerator. Stack
fly ash also collected from a boiler plant adjacent to
the incinerator and ambient air particles (upwind and
downwind of the incinerator and boiler facilities) were
collected and bioassayed. Downwind particulate muta-
genicity (revertants per cubic meter of air) was signifi-
cantly greater than upwind particulate mutagenicity.
Mutagenic emission rate estimates (revertants per
kilogram waste feed) for the incinerator and boiler
were less than estimates for ash and downwind ambi-
ent air particulate samples collected during incinerator
auxiliary burner failure and demonstrated significant in-
crease in mutagenicity compared to samples collected
during routine incinerator operation.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Incinerators, 'Mutagens,
Salmonella typhimurium, Fly ash, Combustion prod-
ucts, 'Hospital solid wastes, Polycycllc compounds,
Mutagenicity tests, Air pollution sampling, Boilers.
PB89-222806/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Hybrid Knowledge-Based/Algorlthmlc Approach
to the Design of waste Treatment Systems.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
L. A. Rossman. 1989,11p EPA/600/D-89/096
Synthesizing a wastewater treatment system design
involves selecting the combination, arrangement, and
sizing of unit treatment processes that will meet all
treatment objectives. A computer-based method for
the initial phase of treatment system design is devel-
oped. It identifies arrangements of alternative unit
processes whose overall performance index falls
within a specified limit. The problem is approached
using the artificial intelligence paradigm of algorithmic
state space search guided by knowledge-based heur-
istics. An experimental PROLOG program illustrates
how the method may be implemented for a wide varie-
ty of wastewater treatment design problems.
Keywords: 'Systems engineering, 'Water pollution, Al-
gorithms, Artificial intelligence, Automation, Computer
programs, 'Waste water treatment, 'Computer aided
design, Expert systems, Processes, Prolog program-
ming language, Computer applications.
PB89-222814/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Waste Minimization Insights for the Polymer In-
dustry.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
S. G. Howell, and P. M. Randall. 1989,11 p EPA/600/
D-89/085
The huge volumes of polymeric materials produced in
this country can also result in the production of large
volumes of wastes consisting of 'off spec' polymers,
process solvents, additives, stabilizers, and gaseous
emissions. The EPA has recently instituted an effort to
work with the industry to minimize these wastes, which
will not only result in lower pollution, but if properly
thought out and instituted, result in cost savings. Eco-
nomic pressures have always been a tremendous in-
centive to minimize waste and maximize production.
The authors suggest that a joint industry/EPA program
be set up to accomplish this and offer some sugges-
tions on areas in which to start.
Keywords: 'Plastic industry, 'Cost effectiveness.
State government, Local government, Materials recov-
ery, Polymers, Quality control, Air pollution, SoNd
wastes, 'Waste management, 'Pollution abatement
Liquid wastes, Waste gas recovery, Waste recycling!
Waste utilization, Environmental chemical substitutes
Waste Reduction Innovative Technology Evaluation
Program.
PB89-222822/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Influence of Temperature and Intrlnalc Character-
istics of Surface Frsshwsters on Vims Stability
Conference on Microbial Aspects of Surface
Water Quality. Held In Chicago, Illinois on May 30-
June 2,1089.	*
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
C. J. Hurst, W. H. Benton, and K. A. McClellan. 2 Jun
89,16p EPA/600/D-89/086
Multiple linear regression analysis was used to statisti-
cally model the Influence of natural chemical, bacterio-
logical, and physical environmental water parameters
upon the survival of human enteroviruses in surface
freshwaters. Model development was based upon ex-
perimental data yielded from a factorially designed
study. The values for the water parameters were used
as independent variables and regressed versus rate
values representing viral inactlvation under each pos-
sible combination of the three experimental lisolon
factors. The results of the modeling indicated thatthe
most important predictors of viral persistence in the
examined surface freshwaters were temperature, tur-
bidity, and the number of generations of bacterial
growth which water from a particular collection atta
could support.
Keywords: 'Surface waters, 'Enteroviruses, Temoara
ture, Turbidity, Water analysis, Bacteriology, Aquatic
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
microbiology, 'Virus inhibitors, Environmental persist-
ence.
PB89-222830/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Um of Genotoxic Activity Profiles In Assessment
of Carcinogenesis and Transmissible Genetic Ef-
fects.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
M. D. Waters, H. F. Stack, and A. L. Brady. 1988,27p
EPA/800/D-89/087
Presented at Symposium on Management of Risk from
Genotoxic Substances in the Environment, Stockholm,
Sweden, October 3-6, 1988. Prepared in cooperation
with Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
A methodology has been developed to display and
evaluate multiple test quantitative information on ge-
netic toxicants for purposes of assessing carcinogene-
sis and transmissible genetic effects. Genetic activity
profiles were prepared which illustrate a quantitative
data base on the genetic and related effects of nearly
200 chemicals for which some data are available on
carcinogenicity in humans. This information may be
used for puiposes of comparative chemical hazard as-
sessment. Together with information derived from
animal cancer tests and human epidemiological stud-
ies, assessments may be made regarding potential
human health risks associated with exposure to chemi-
cal substances.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Mutagens, 'Carcinogens, 'Haz-
ardous materials, Bioassay, Dosage, Organic com-
pounds, Computer programs, Mutagenicity tests, Car-
cinogenicity tests, Risk assessment.
PB89-223283/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Serum Lipid Levels In Neighboring Communities
with Chlorinated and Nonchlorlnsted Drinking
Water, 1989.
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
E. A. Zeighami, A. P. Watson, and G. F. Craun. 1989,
22p EPA/600/D-89/080
Contract DE-AC05-840R21400
See also report dated 1987, DE88011830. Prepared in
cooperation with Oak Ridge National Lab., TN. Spon-
sored by Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
The Wisconsin Heart Health Research measured
serum lipids and other clinical parameters among resi-
dents of forty-six neighboring small communities in
central Wisconsin. The purpose of the study was to de-
termine whether distribution of serum lipids, blood
pressure or thyroid hormones differed according to the
chlorination of the water supply, or to its calcium and
magnesium content (hardness). The report examines
serum lipid levels in relation to the drinking water char-
acteristics chlorination and hardness. Variables meas-
ured on individuals included age, education level, alco-
hol intake, cigarette smoking, dietary fat and dietary
calcium. An analysis of covariance was used to esti-
mate effects of chlorination and hardness on each of
the serum lipids, with individual variables included as
covariates. Among females, serum cholesterol (SC)
levels are significantly higher in chlorinated communi-
ties than in nonchlonnated communities. Community
SC levels are also higher for males in chlorinated com-
munities, on the average, but differences are smaller
and not statistically significant. LDL cholesterol levels
follow a similar pattern to that for total SC levels,
higher In chlorinated communities for females, but not
different for males. On the other hand, HDL cholester-
ol community means are nearly identical in the chlorin-
ated and nonchlorinated communities for each sex.
Keywords: 'Lipids, 'Serum(Blood), 'Potable water,
Wisconsin, Females, Thyroid hormones, Blood pres-
sure, Cholesterol, Chlorination, Males, 'Drinking
water.
PM9-223606/H8U	PC A03/MF A01
Detection of Genetic Hazards from Environmental
Chemicals with Plent Test Systems.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
B. S.GHI, and S. S. Sandhu. 1989,45p EPA/600/D-
89/062
Prepared In cooperation with Environmental Health
Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park,
NC.
The book chapter reviews the methodology and utility
of five plant bioassays for detecting the mutagenicity
of environmental chemicals. The bioassays described
in this chapter are Vicia faba root tip, Tradescantia mi-
cronucleus for chromosome aberrations, tradescantia
stamen hair, Arabidopsis embryo for gene mutation,
and wheat seedling assay for aneuploidy.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Environmental pollution, Muta-
tions, Plants(Botany), Bioassay, Models, Hazardous
materials, 'Mutagenicity tests, Micronucleus test,
Chromosome aberrations, Aneuploidy, Risk assess-
ment.
PB89-223614/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evoked Potentials: Physiological Methods with
Human Applications.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park. NC.
R. S. Dyer. 1989,15p EPA/600/D-89/063
A number of tests and test batteries have been devel-
oped and implemented for detecting potential neuro-
toxicity in humans. In some cases test results may sug-
gest specific dysfunction. While tests in laboratory ani-
mals are often used to project the potential for adverse
health effects In humans, reverse extrapolation may
also be desirable. When changes in physiological
measures are indicated in humans, it may be important
to pinpoint the nature of the effect and understand its
underlying biology. A first step in this process can be
taken using animal models with demonstrated homol-
ogy to the human case. The paper will focus upon 3
physiological methods which have been used in the
neurological clinic to evaluate sensory function in
humans, and which have also been used in laboratory
animals to evaluate toxicant-induced dysfunction.
Keywords: 'Evoked potentials, 'Nervous system dis-
orders, 'Electrophysiologic tests, Toxicology, Rats,
Brain stem, Electroencephalography, Senses, 'Neuro-
toxins, Somatosensory cortex, Visual cortex, Auditory
cortex, Animal models, Neurotransmitters.
PB89-223622/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Utility of Short-term Tests for Genetic Toxicity.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Bioassay Branch.
D. M. DeMarini, J. Lewtas, and H. E. Brockman. 1989,
24p EPA/600/D-89/061
Prepared in cooperation with Illinois State Univ.,
Normal. Dept. of Biological Sciences.
By definition, short-term tests (STTs) for genetic toxici-
ty detect genotoxic agents, not carcinogens specifical-
ly. However, there is sufficient evidence, based on
mechanistic considerations alone, to say that geno-
toxic agents are potential carcinogens. STTs have
high statistical power, are almost always replicated,
can be performed rather easily under various sets of
experimental conditions, are relatively Inexpensive,
and detect a variety of endpoints relevant to carcino-
genesis. In addition, several STTs have shown consid-
erable utility in evaluating the genotoxic effects of real-
world, environmental complex mixtures as well as the
antimutagsnlc effects of various pure compounds and
complex mixtures. STTs are likely to continue to be re-
fined, resulting in STTs that are increasingly more rele-
vant to human mutation and disease. Their utility
should not be fudged solely against the questionable
standard of a rodent carcinogenicity assay.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Hazardous materials, Carcino-
gens, Rodents, Mutagens, 'Mutagenicity tests, 'Car-
cinogenicity tests, 'Environmental pollution.
PB89-223630/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Effects of Atmospheric Mix and Toxic Fumes on
Military Performance.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Neurotoxlcology Div.
V. A. Benignus. 1989,85p EPA/600/D-89/060
The present chapter covers the individual and com-
bined neurobehavioral effects of carbon monoxide, hy-
drogen cyanide, carbon dioxide and hypoxic hypoxia.
The effects of each were reviewed separately and
then the literature of the effects of combined expo-
sures were covered. The latter is a relatively sparse lit-
erature. The empirical and physiological information
available was encoded as a series of dose-effects and
pharmacokinetic equations. Assuming additive effects,
a mathematical model was proposed for the combined
exposure. Several pharmacokinetic interactions make
the received dose of the combined pollutants nonaddl-
tive, however, and thus introduce nonadditivity into the
combined model. The model was useful in pointing out
the kind of information still needed to make predic-
tions. The model thus serves a mainly heuristic pur-
pose.
Keywords: 'Carbon dioxide, 'Carbon monoxide, 'Hy-
drogen cyanide, 'Hypoxia, 'Toxicity, Exposure, Math-
ematical models, Combustion products, Lethal
dosage, Weapon systems, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), Pharmacokinetics.
PB89-223648/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Chlorine Dioxide for Drinking Water Disinfection.
Symposium paper.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
B. W. Lykins, J. A. Goodrich, J. C. Hoff, and N. Kothari.
Mar 89,21 p EPA/600/D-89/082
Presented at WPC Association Joint Conference,
Great Falls, MT„ March 29-31, 1989. Prepared in co-
operation with HKM Associates, Billings, MT.
The paper presents the methods of generation, bioci-
dal effectiveness, field applications, and problems with
using chlorine dioxide for disinfecting drinking water
brought about by the need to comply with the trihalo-
methane regulation. Many drinking water utilities have
had to alter their treatment methods. One option avail-
able to these utilities is to use a disinfectant other than
chlorine such as chlorine dioxide. With chlorine dioxide
disinfection, trihalomethanes are not formed by reac-
tions with humic substances if the chlorine dioxide is
produced without excess chlorine. Also, chlorine diox-
ide is not expected to react with humic substances to
form other byproducts scheduled for regulation such
as haloacids and haloacetonitriles. However, there are
some possible health effects from chlorine dioxide and
its inorganic byproducts (chlorite and chlorate). Chlo-
rine dioxide has been used in potable water treatment
for controlling taste and odor and for removing iron
and manganese. Control of bacteria and viruses, chlo-
rine dioxide is as effective or superior to free chlorine.
Chlorine dioxide is an effective drinking water disin-
fectant and current estimates indicate that 300 to 400
utilities in the United States have chlorine dioxide treat-
ment equipment.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Potable water, 'Chlor-
ination, 'Disinfection, Trichloromethane, Biocides, Ef-
fectiveness, 'Drinking water, Water microbiology,
Chlorine dioxide.
PB89-223655/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Drinking Water Treatment for Groundwater Reme-
diation. Symposium paper.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research Div.
J. A. Goodrich, and B. Krishnan. 1989,18p EPA/600/
D-89/083
Report on National Waterwell Association National
Outdoor Action Conference (3rd), on Aquifer Restora-
tion, Groundwater Monitoring and Geophysical Meth-
ods, Orlando, FL., May 22-25,1989.
It has become increasingly obvious that important
interactions exist between decisions regarding the
treatment of contaminated ground and surface water
for consumption and aquifer restoration and hazard-
ous waste cleanup. Many of the contaminants to be
regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
are the same as those to be regulated under the Com-
prehensive Environmental Response Compensation
and Liability Act (CERCLA) Hazardous Substances
List The purpose of the paper is to (1) describe the
state-of-the-art of drinking water treatment technology
and (2) provide examples of some field applications
that provide safe drinking water from contaminated
aquifers.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Drinking water, 'Water
treatment, Risk, Water pollution, Aquifers, Hazardous
materials, Regulations, Organic compounds, Inorganic
nitrates, Radioactive isotopes, Uranium, Vaporizing,
Actived carbon treatment, Aeration, Ozone, Oxidation,
Remedial action, Safe Drinking Water Act and 1966
Amendments, Reverse osmosis.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB89-223663/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Inclnerablllty Index: A Measure of Incinerator Per-
formance.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
R. C. Thurnau. May 89,24p EPA/600/D-89/081
Presented at the international Conference on Inciner-
ation of Hazardous, Radioactive, Infectious and Mixed
Wastes (8th), Knoxville, TN., May 1-5,1989.
Since promulgation of the hazardous waste incinerator
performance standards in January 1981, there has
been a continuing interest in validating a real-time sur-
rogate means of measuring incinerator compliance
with the destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) per-
formance standard. One such possible surrogate is
sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). SF6 is one of the most
stable compounds known with respect to thermal de-
composition. Thus it has been hypothesized that the
SF6 DRE would represent a lower bound to other prin-
cipal organic hazardous constituent DREs in an incin-
erator. Further, SF6 can be measured at very low con-
centrations in flue gas on a real-time basis using onsite
gas chromatographic techniques. Thus, use of SF6 in-
jection with real-time DRE measurement represents a
potentially attractive surrogate DRE measure for deter-
mining continuous compliance with the DRE perform-
ance standard.
Keywords: "Incinerators, "Waste disposal, "Hazard-
ous materials, "Sulfur hexafluoride, "Combustion effi-
ciency, "Air pollution control, Performance standards,
Design	criteria,	Graphs(Charts),
Concentration(Composition), "Tracer studies, "Air pol-
lution sampling, Pollution regulations.
PBB9-223671/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
POU/POE (Polnt-of-Use/Polnt-of-Entry) Devices:
Availability, Performance, and Cost Symposium
Env^onmentat Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
B. W. Lykins, J. A. Goodrich, and R. M. Clark. Jul 89,
12p EPA/600/D-89/053
Report on ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers)
National Conference on Environmental Engineering,
Austin, TX., July 10-12,1989.
A committee was established by the Environmental
Engineering Division of the American Society of Civil
Engineers to gather and summarize information and
data on POU/POE devices. Various tasks were as-
signed to committee members and the paper will ad-
dress the following: (1) develop a list or the types of
POU/POE devices that are currently being used, (2)
determine what contaminants are being removed by
these devices, (3) collect data showing the effective-
ness of the devices (especially field data), and (4) col-
lect any available data on the cost of the devices.
Keywords: "Drinking water, "Water treatment, Fluid fit-
ters, Carbon, Distillation, Ozone, Disinfection, Organic
compounds, Volatility, Cost analysis, Point of use point
of entry devices, Households, Reverse osmosis, Air
stripping.
PB89-223689/H8U
PC A03/MF A01
lndn°2C Enhancem*nt °~n"H««rdou.
&E^^nCy' Cincinnati, OH. Risk
r. nnfn?!fT?? feb 8®'17P EPA/600/D-89/052
Protect on rEnlTmwh" v 00"9™85 on Environmental
AusCFebfu^Tri989enna 1"9) (1St)' Vi9nna'
How does the addition of Oxygen improve the applica-
bility of incineration. The paper addresses that ques-
tion by evaluating the performance of oxygen en-
hanced hazardous waste incineration in three different
applications. The cases studied include a laboratory
study of the use of oxygen in reducing the transient
emissions produced when solid waste is fed to a rotary
kiln, a direct comparison of oxygen-enhancement to
air only Incineration using a mixture of hazardous
wastes in a 3 million BTU/hr rotary kiln, and the use of
oxygen-enhancement to decontaminate dioxin con-
taminated soil from seven uncontrolled waste sites.
Results indicate that, oxygen-enhancement can sig-
nificantly increase the throughput rate of low heating
value wastes while still achieving successful decon-
tamination. For high heating value wastes, additional
modifications are required to reduce the temperature
increase that accompanies oxygen enhancement. This
rise in temperature causes increases in NOx, soot, and
unburned hydrocarbon emissions.
Keywords: "Oxygen, "Hazardous materials, "Inciner-
ation, "Solid waste disposal, Kilns, Heating, Perform-
ance evaluation, Heating, Air pollution, Temperature,
Nitrogen oxides, Soot, Reduction, Hydrocarbons, De-
contamination, "Dioxin, Case studies.
PB89-223697/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Heterotrophic Plate Count Bacteria In Potable
Water Monitoring Methods and Applications.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
D. J. Reasoner. 1989,61 p EPA/600/D-89/072
The heterotrophic plate count (HPC), formerly known
as the standard plate count, is a useful tool for enu-
merating bacteria in potable water. The document
briefly reviews the development of the heterotrophic
bacterial plate count for use in water quality measure-
ments in the United States. Methodology consider-
ations in the selection of the HPC procedure to be
used include medium (high or low nutrient), incubation
time, incubation temperature, and method (pour plate,
spread plate or membrane filter). Applications of HPC
monitoring include evaluation of treatment processes,
storage and distribution water quality changes, biofilm
development, growth of bacteria on construction ma-
terials and microbial corrosion.
Keywords: "Aquatic microbiology, "Potable water,
Cultures(Biology), Evaluation, Water storage, Water
treatment, Water distribution, Time, Temperature, Bio-
deterioration, "Microbial colony count, Culture media.
PB89-223721/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Integration of Fluid Modeling with Complex-Ter-
rain Field Studies and Model-Development Ef-
forts.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
W. H. Snyder. 22 Feb 88,6p EPA/600/D-89/036
Presented at the Symposium on Turbulence and Diffu-
sion (8th), San Diego, CA„ April 1988.
EPA's Complex Terrain Model Development Program
(CTMDP) was designed to develop reliable atmospher-
ic dispersion models applicable to large pollutant
sources located in complex terrain. The primary em-
phasis was on plume impaction on nearby hills during
nighttime stable conditions. EPA's Fluid Modeling Fa-
cility (FMF) interacted closely with the model develop-
ers participating in the CTMDP and provided support in
various ways through the conduct of a wide range of
laboratory studies. Work at the FMF prior to the incep-
tion of the program provided the basic framework for
the model, the dividing-streamline concept, and the
focal point around which the field program was de-
signed. At the beginning of the program, the FMF pro-
vided direct support as an aid to planning the details
and strategies of the field experiments and testing the
limits of applicability of the dividing-streamline con-
cept. Later work included exercises of 'filling in the
gaps' in the field data, furthering the understanding of
the physical mechanisms important to plume impac-
tion in complex terrain and in stably stratified flows in
general, testing various modeling assumptions, provid-
ing data for 'calibration' of vanous modeling param-
eters, and testing the ability of the laboratory models to
simulate full-scale conditions.
Keywords: "Mathematical models, "Atmospheric diffu-
sion. "Air pollution, "Plumes, "Topographic features,
"Gas dynamics, Field tests, Experimental design, At-
mospheric motion, Measure and integration, "Complex
Terrain Model Development Program, Environmental
transport.
PB89-223804/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Structural Properties for Determining Mecha-
nisms of Toxic Action.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
S. P. Bradbury, and R. L. Lipnick. 1989,10p EPA/600/
D-89/089
The results of a workshop co-sponsored by EPA
through the Health and Environmental Review Divi-
sion, Office of Toxic Substances and the Environmen-
tal Research Laboratory-Duluth, of the Office of Re-
search and Development are briefly summarized as an
introduction to a series of manuscnpts dealing with the
structural properties of chemicals that determine their
toxic mechanisms. Results of the workshop are intend-
ed to be incorporated in an expert system to predict
mechanisms from chemical structure and aid in predic-
tive toxicology applications in the Agency. The goal of
the workshop was to review current understanding of
fundamental mechanisms, and develop an initial
knowledge base on chemical features and properties
from which toxic mechanisms could be predicted from
structure. Areas addressed included general anesthe-
sia, or narcosis, oxidative phosphorylation uncoupling,
electrophile and free-radical reactivity, and a variety of
pesticide-based mechanisms.
Keywords: "Meetings, "Aquatic ecosystems, Free
radicals, Pesticides, Anesthesiology, Electrophilic re-
actions, Phosphorylation, Fishes, Toxic substances,
"Structure activity relationship.
PB89-223861	Not available NTIS
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Bladder Cancer in Massachusetts Related to
Chlorinated and Chloramlnated Drinking Water: A
Case-Control Study. Journal article.
Brown Univ., Providence, Rl. Dept. of Community
Health.
S. Zierler, L. Feingold, R. A. Danley, and G. Craun,
C1988,9p EPA/600/D-89/059
Grant EPA-R-812080
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, v43 n2,
p195-200 Mar/Apr 88. Prepared in cooperation with
Massachusetts Dept. of Public Health, Boston. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Studies show consumers of chlorinated drinking water
have a small excess of bladder cancer. Risk may have
been underestimated because of confounding and
misclassification of exposure status. A case-control
study detailed residential histories obtained by tele-
phone interviews with informants of 614 Individuals
who died of primary bladder cancer and 1,074 individ-
uals who died of other causes. Their surface water had
been disinfected with chlorine or a combination of
chlorine and ammonia (chloramine) since 193S. The
mortality ratio for bladder cancer among individuals
who resided in communities supplied with drinking
water disinfected with chlorine, compared to individ-
uals who resided in communities supplied with drinking
water disinfected with chloramine, was 1.6 (95% confi-
dence interval = 1.2-2.1). When the comparison group
was restricted to Individuals who died of lymphoma,
the mortality odds ratio was 2.7 (95% confidence inter-
val = 1.7-4.3).
Keywords: "Potable water, "Bladder neoplasms,
"Chlorination, Massachusetts, Lymphomas, Mortality,
Exposure, Males. Females, Water pollution
effects(Humans), "Drinking water, Chloramines.
PB89-223879	Not available NTIS
James N. Gamble Inst, of Medical Research, Cincin-
nati, OH.
Microbiological Risk Assessment for Land Appli-
cation of Municipal Sludge. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
P. V. Scarpino, L. Fradkin, C. S. Clark, N. E. Kowal, and
E. Lomnitz. c1988,13p EPA/600/D-89/029	'
Pub. in Chemical and Biological Characterization of
Sludges, Sediments, Dredge Spoils and DrllllnaMuda.
ASTM STP 976, p489-488 1988. Prepared In COOMri
tion with Cincinnati Univ., OH. Sponsored by James N.
Gamble Inst, of Medical Research, Cincinnati, OH.
Major options developed for the disposal/reuse of mu-
nicipal sludges have potential risks to human health or
the environment because of the microbial contami-
nants in sludge. Therefore, risk assessment methodol-
ogy appropriate for pathogen risk evaluation for land
application and distribution and marketing options was
developed. A computer model was designed to aid in
sludge management by comparing the risks of alterna-
tives when sludge is applied to cropland and grazed
pasture as a fertilizer and/or soil conditioner- The
model integrates microbial dose-response information
with the number of pathogens likely to be present In
exposure pathways. Interpretations from risk ninn
ment model outputs were made.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, "Microbiology, Protozoa.
Fertilizers, Treatment, Dosage, Models, Bacterid
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Fungi, Helminths, Exposure, Humans, *Risk assess-
ment, 'Municipal wastes, Dose-response relationship.
1-223887	Not available NTIS
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Measuring the Solubility ot Disperse Dyes.
Georgia Univ., Athens. Dept. of textiles, Merchandis-
ing and Interiors.
G. L Baughman, and T. A. Perenich. cFeb 89,8p EPA/
600/D-89/039
Grant EPA-R-812638
Pub. in Textile Chemist and Colorist, v21 n2 p33-37
Feb 89. See also PB88-250220. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Methods that have been used for measuring solubility
of disperse dyes are critically examined along with a
dynamic method heretofore unused for dyes. Available
data are analyzed regarding heats of solution and en-
tropies of fusion. Solubilities of disperse dyes are ex-
amined with regard to data reliability and to behavior in
the dye bath and in the environment
Keywords: 'Dynamic tests, 'Disperse dyes, Solubility,
Taoles(Data), Measurement, Heat of solution, Entropy,
Columns(Process
Reprints.
engineering), Statistical analysis,
>•223895	Not available NTIS
Regulation ol Sludge Disposal through Applica-
tion of Risk Assessment techniques. Journal arti-
old
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
G. W. Dawson, C. J. English, and L. Fradkin. c1988,
12p EPA/600/ D-89/030
Pub. in Chemical and Biolooical Characterization of
Sludges, Sediments, Dredge spoils, and Drilling Muds,
ASTM STP 976, p472-479 1988, Prepared in coopera-
tion with ICF Technology, Inc., Richland, WA.
Risk-based methodologies are developed to establish
criteria for regulating contaminant concentrations in
) sludge for various disposal options. The paper
	es the methodology developed for landfilling.
The methodology is structured into three tiers. The first
tier compares the results of an extraction test to
health-based criteria. If the extract concentration for a
contaminant Is below the criteria, no further analysis is
required. If the concentration exceeds the criteria, a
Tier 2 or 3 analysis is required. Tiers 2 and 3 are based
on application of analytical models to predict ground-
water and vapor contaminant levels at the landfill prop-
erty boundary. Tier 2 uses some site-specific data,
such as hydraulic conductivity and soil type, along with
literature values for adsorption and degradation. In
lier 3, site-specific field and laboratory studies are
conducted to refine estimates of physical and chemi-
cal parameters affecting contaminant transport. The
paper describes the algorithms and models employed
to simulate each element and the input data required.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, 'Earth fills, 'Site sur-
veys, 'Public health, Ground water, Water pollution,
Waste	disposal,	Air	pollution,
Conqentration(Composition), Field tests. Leaching,
Exposure, Mathematical models, Experimental design,
Reprints, 'Risk assessment, 'Pollution regulations,
'Sewage sludge, Land pollution, Path of pollutants,
Environmental transport.
PBM-223M3/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Analytical Methods Necessary to Implement Rlsk-
Based Criteria for Chemicals In Municipal Sludge,
journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
r. J. F. Bruins, L. Fradkin, J. F. Stars, W. B. Peirano,
and V. Molak. 1989,11p EPA/600/D-89/031
Pub. In Chemical and Biological Characterization of
Sludges, Sediments, Dredge Spoils and Drilling Muds,
ASTM STP 976, P465-471 1988.
The Ambient Water Quality Criteria that were promul-
gated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency In
1880 Included water concentration levels which, for
many pollutants, were so low as to be unmeasurable
by standard analytical methods. Criteria for controlling
toxics In municipal sludge would likely pose similar
emblems of sampling and analysis. Risk assessment
methodologies recently developed by the U.S. EPA
provide criteria derivation procedures for eaoh of the
following sludge management practices: land applica-
tion (including distribution and marketing), landfilling,
incineration, and ocean disposal. These methodolo-
gies recommend that numencal limits on toxicant con-
centrations in sludge, or on rates of toxicant disposal,
should be used to minimize risk to human health and
the environment. Implementation of these numerical
criteria would require refinement of sampling and ana-
lytical techniques for sludges, and various types of
field validation studies would be needed to ensure that
the criteria are appropriately protective.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Water pollution,
'Sludge disposal, Chemical analysis, Sewage treat-
ment, Incinerator, Toxicology, Risk, Earth fills, Public
health, Aquatic animals, Toxicity, Reprints, Water qual-
ity criteria.
PB89-223911	Not available NTIS
Effects ot Low Dosage of Stable Strontium on
Serum Enzymes in Chronic Alcoholics. Journal arti-
cle.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
J. F. Stara, J. Perras, R. J. Pivon, P. Koch, and J. T.
Nolan. C1986,20p EPA/600/D-89/032
Pub. in Trace Substances in Environmental Health, v2
693-109, 1986. Prepared in cooperation with McGill
niv„ Montreal (Quebec), and La Maison Jean La-
pointe, Montreal (Quebec).
The study shows the systemic effects of low dosage of
stable Sr(2+) in relation to chronic ethanol abuse. In
the current study, 6 chronic alcoholic patients were ad-
ministered Sr carbonate (600-700 mg of Sr(2+) per
day) for periods of 4-6 weeks, alternating with treat-
ment-free (placebo) intervals. Serum GDH was deter-
mined using Koch's modification; GGTP was deter-
mined using standard methodology (Gilford Stasar III).
Serum ethanol levels were determined using Alcohol
Dipstick Methodology of Kapur and Israel. Serum
Sr(2+) and Ca(2+) levels were determined by Atomic
Absorption Spectrophotometry. In patients receiving
Sr(2+), serum GDH levels were decreased 61-68%
(range 44.9-88.6%) when compared to the control pe-
riods during the acute alcoholic episodes. The effects
of Sr(2+) on serum GGTP levels varied in extent of
decrease. The preliminary studies indicate that low
dosage of Sr(2+) exerts a protective effect on mito-
chondrial function during acute alcoholic episodes.
Keywords: 'Strontium compounds, 'Alcoholism, 'En-
zymes, Blood, Mitochondna, Dosage, Glucosephos-
phate dehydrogenase, Atomic absorption spectropho-
tometry, GGTP.
PB89-223929	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Data Base on the Sources of Indoor Air Pollution
Emissions. Journal article.
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
J. B. White, J. C. Reaves, P. C. Reist, and L S. Mann.
C1988,18p EPA/600/D-89/094
Grant EPA-R-813460
Presented at ASHRAE Conference, IAQ'88, Atlanta,
GA., April 11-13, 1968. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper gives an overview of an EPA data base on
the sources of indoor air pollution emissions, and dis-
cusses its potential for use in developing pollutant pro-
files and emission rate data. EPA's AEERL has been
working the past 3 years to develop a data base cover-
ing the international technical literature on sources of
Indoor air pollution. The computerized system provides
an archive for experimentally determined data from
source characterization studies. It focuses on organic
emissions and can provide pollutant profiles and emis-
sion rates for a variety of building materials and un-
vented Combustion sources. Data base operation con-
sists of three segments: data query, data input, and
data oiitput. Data query is user-friendly, consisting of
menu screens that allow the user to manipulate up to
three variables to describe and locate a specific data
need. Data input is accomplished through similar
screens by responding to menu-driven prompts, a fea-
ture that allows the user to customize the data base tor
personal data needs and can also facilitate the ex-
change of information between users. Data output is
through screen displays or a printer interface.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Data processing, Combus-
tion, Organic compounds, Construction materials,
'Indoor air pollution, Building materials.
PB89-223937	Not available NTIS
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Operation of Small Scale Uranium Removal Sys-
tems. Symposium paper.
Arber (Richard P.) Associates, Inc., Denver, CO.
R. T. Jellnek, and R. J. Correll. C1989,22p EPA/600/
D-89/084
Prepared in cooperation with Indian Health Service,
Seattle, WA. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering
Lab.
The design and operation of a small full-scale ion ex-
change system used to remove uranium from well
water in the foothills west of Denver, Colorado are de-
scribed. Consistent removal of uranium was accom-
plished by anion exchange treatment at a reasonable
cost. Because of a lack of clear regulatory guidelines,
disposal of the uranium-laden regenerant wastewater
was the most complicated task associated with the
treatment system. Gamma radiation buildup did not
appear to be a health concern.
Keywords: 'Anion exchanging, 'Water treatment, 'Ra-
dioactive contaminants. Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Pilot plants, Drinking water, Brines, 'Water
quality data, 'Water pollution sampling, 'Uranium 234,
'Uranium 238, Liquid waste disposal.
PB89-223945	Not available NTIS
Risk Assessment Methodology for Determining
Groundwater Contamination from Landfilling
Sludge. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
L Fradkin, R. J. F. Bruins, W. B. Peirano, S. D.
Lutkenhoff, and J. F. Stara. c1986,9p EPA/600/D-89/
027
Pub. in Environmental Engineering: Proceedings of the
Specialty Conference held in Cincinnati, OH. on July 8-
10, 1986 p380-387. Prepared in cooperation with ICF
Northwest, Richland, WA.
Contaminant concentration criteria are required to pre-
vent contaminant infiltration from leading to conditions
which exceed health criteria. A methodology of
groundwater has been described which may be used
to select those criteria and quantify concentrations as-
sociated with placement of a given sludge in a desig-
nated landfill. However, use of the model and good
management practices cannot guarantee that environ-
mentally significant releases will not occur. As a con-
sequence, a comprehensive monitoring program
should be implemented with any sludge disposal alter-
native. In the case of landfills, this would consist of
monitoring wells to detect groundwater contamination
from infiltration.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Water pollution, 'Sludge
disposal, 'Earth fills, Municipalities, Risk, Public
health, Methodology, Evaluation, Monitoring, Fluid in-
filtration, Water wells.
PB89-223952/HSU
PC A03/MF A01
Risk Assessment Is a Developing Science: Ap-
proaches to Improve Evaluation of Single Chemi-
cals and Chemical Mixtures.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
J. F. Stara, R. J. F. Bruins, M. L. Dourson, L S.
Erdreich, and R. C. Hertzberg. 1989,28p EPA/600/D-
89/033
Pub. in Methods for Assessing the Effects of Mixtures
of Chemicals, p719-7431987.
The US Environmental Protection Agency is engaged
in the development of risk assessment guidelines and
methodologies as part of the regulatory program of the
Agency. The primary goal of the Agency was originally
to accurately assess the effects of numan exposure to
single chemicals in a single medium (e.g. water) over a
human lifetime. Assessment methods for estimating
low-dose lifetime cancer risk for known or suspected
human carcinogens, or long-term acceptable daily
intake (ADI) levels for threshold-acting toidcants, were
developed and successfully applied to meet this need.
Now there is an increasing need for methods which ad-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
dress more complex exposure situations, including
multichemical, multiroute, and partial-lifetime expo-
sures. Improvements in the current methods are also
needed. Several issues now under study are briefly de-
scribed.
Keywords: 'Environmental pollution, 'Public health,
'Hazardous materials. Carcinogens, Exposure, Meas-
urement, Reprints, 'Risk assessment, Dose response
relationships, Health effects.
PB89-223960/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Air Toxica Control 'Situation Room'. Rept. for Jul
88-Mar 89.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
W. H. Ponder, and C. M. Nunez. 1989,22p EPA/600/
D-89/088
Presented at National ACS (American Chemical Socie-
ty) Symposium (197th), New Developments in Separa-
tion Processes for Decontamination of Water and Gas
Streams, Dallas, TX., April 11,1989.
The paper describes one component of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency's (EPA's) efforts to assist
state and local environmental agencies and its own re-
gional offices in response to their increased responsi-
bilities for planning, evaluating, and approving control
approaches for reducing emissions of volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) and hazardous air pollutants
(HAPs). This component is EPA's air toxics control 'sit-
uation room'. This is a complex and difficult job, and
EPA's guidance and assistance are often sought. Hun-
dreds of sources emit thousands of ozone-producing
and toxic pollutants in the U.S. A major concern is the
possibility that some of these compounds may cause
cancer. In addition, these toxic air pollutants damage
materials and cause crop/forest losses. Thus, state
and local environmental officials must also assume re-
sponsibility for protecting people and the environment
from the effects of these pollutants.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Computerized simu-
lation, 'Research projects, 'Laboratories, Manage-
ment planning, State government, Local government,
Ozone, Mathematical models. Air pollution control
equipment, Information systems, 'Toxic substances,
'volatile organic compounds, 'Stationary sources, Air
quality, Atmospheric chemistry, Case studies.
PB89-223978/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
y®.	Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
Identification of Aneuploidy-lnducing Agent*
Uaing the Wheat Seedling Assay. Symposium
paper.
Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
S. S. Sandhu, J. S. Dhesi, and B. S. Gill. 31 Mar 89,17p
EPA/600/D-89/091
Contract EPA-68-02-4456
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Central
Univ., Durham. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology
Div.
A short-term assay using Chinese spring wheat for de-
tecting induced aneuploidy and/or clastogenicity is de-
scribed. The seed of virescent wheat (v1v1) are treat-
ed with a test agent. The appearance of white sectors
(v1v1v1) or green sectors (v10) on the virescent
leaves indicates the gain or loss of a chromosome or a
segment of a chromosome bearing v1 allele. Three
test chemicals, chromium trloxide (100-5,000 microg/
ml), chromium dichromate (500-5,000 microg/ml), and
cyclophosphamide (100-1,000 microg/ml) produced a
dose-related positive response for chromosome aber-
rations in the assay.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Mutagens, 'Wheat plants, Cy-
clophosphamide, Chromium inorganic compounds,
•Aneuploidy, Mutagenicity tests, Chromosome aberra-
tions, Alleles, DNA repair.
PB89-223986/HSU
PC A03/MF A01
Electrophysiological Systems for Neurotoxicity
Field Testing: PEARL II and Alternatives.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tnangle
Park, NC. Neurotoxicology Div.
D. A. Otto, and H. K. Huanell. 10 Feb 89,22p EPA/
600/D-89/092
Presented at the International Symposium on Neuro-
behavioral Methods in Occupational and Environmen-
tal Health (3rd), Washington, DC., December 12-15,
1988.
PEARL II, a computerized battery of electrophysiologi-
cal tests designed for neurotoxicity field testing, was
developed a decade ago. The battery includes sensory
evoked potentials (auditory, somatosensory and
visual), event-related slow brain potentials (CNV,
P300), and associated behavioral measures. Field-
testing capabilities have been demonstrated in pediat-
ric lead studies. Several dozen PEARL II systems are
currently being used in fixed-base laboratories. Fac-
tors which limit the use of PEARL II in neurotoxicity
field testing include: operation and maintenance of the
system requires a highly trained staff; PEARL II is a rel-
atively expensive system; it is not commercially avail-
able or serviced; the hardware is obsolescent. Al-
though sensory evoked potential tests have proven to
be very sensitive to chemical exposure in humans and
animals, the effectiveness of such tests for neurotoxi-
city screening of exposed populations has not been
demonstrated. Several commercial systems suitable
for neurotoxicity field testing are reviewed briefly. Elec-
trophysiological tests of visual toxicity currently under
development are also described.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Electrophysiologic recording,
Evoked potentials, Exposure, Computer systems hard-
ware, Computer systems programs, Proving, Lead poi-
soning, 'PEARL II, Neurotoxins, Auditory cortex,
Visual cortex, Somatosensory cortex.
PB89-224000/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Radiation Data: Report 56, Octo-
ber-December 1988. Quarterly rept.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Jun 89,42p EPA/520/5-89/013
See also PB89-135958.
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) contains data
from the Environmental Radiation Ambients Monitor-
ing System (ERAMS). Data from similar networks oper-
ated by contributing States, Canada, Mexico, and the
Pan American Health Organization are reported in the
ERD when available. The ERAMS is comprised of na-
tionwide sampling stations that provide air, surface
and drinking water and milk samples from which envi-
ronmental radiation levels are derived. Sampling loca-
tions are selected to provide optimal population cover-
age while functioning to monitor fallout from nuclear
devices and other forms of radioactive contamination
of the environment. The radiation analyses performed
on these samples include gross alpha and gross beta
levels, gamma analyses for fission products, and spe-
cific analyses for uranium, plutonium, stronium, iodine,
radium, krypton, and tritium.
Keywords: 'Radiation monitoring, 'Ecological concen-
tration, Fallout, Radioecoiogical concentration, Radio-
nuclide migration, Radioactive contaminants, Environ-
mental transport, Air pollution, Water pollution, Sam-
pling, Drinking water. Milk, Uranium, Plutonium, Stronti-
um, Iodine, Krypton, Tritium, Tables(Data), 'Environ-
mental monitoring, Environmental radiation data,
ERAM system.
PB89-224034/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Microbial Water Quality Concema for Water
Supply Use.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
E. E. Geldreich. 2 Jun 89,32p EPA/600/D-89/104
Presented at WPCF (Water Pollution Control Federa-
tion) Specialty Conference, Chicago, IL„ May 30-June
2,1989.
The burden of water quality enhancement should be a
shared responsibility among all discharges and down-
stream users of these irreplaceable resources. Much
can be accomplished through the application of a mul-
tiple barrier approach in wastewater treatment, con-
trolled stormwater releases and water supply en-
hancement. Dischargers must seek to minimize patho-
gen releases, reduce particulate dispersion and dimin-
ish organics in effluents. These factors impact heavily
on wastewater disinfection effectiveness. Further-
more, with passage downstream to the water intake,
these organic residuals may be the precursors of disin-
fection ^products created during drinking water treat-
ment. Some water supply operations must revise their
treatment practices to provide better protection from
protozoan cyst passage and enhance the removal of
organics before applying disinfection. Disinfection of
water supply is critical and will only be consistently ef-
fective in a clean processed water.
Keywords: "Microorganisms control(Sewage),
'Sewage treatment, Disinfection, Disease vectors.
Protection, Protozoa, Cysts, Giardia, Salmonella, Vi-
ruses, Bacteria, Escherchi coli, Worms, Storm water
runoff, Particulates, Water borne diseases, 'Drinking
water.
PB89-224265/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Interim Protocols for Screening and Follow-up
Radon and Radon Decay Product Measurements.
Interim rept.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
P. Magno, P. Nyberg, and M. Ronca-Battista. Feb 87,
25p* EPA/520/1-86/014-1
See also PB89-224273.
The report outlines the recommended strategy for as-
sessing indoor radon levels and provides guidance for
interpreting measurement results, it recommends a
two-step strategy for making the fewest measure-
ments possible, while ensuring that radon concentra-
tions are not seriously underestimated.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Decay, 'Radiation measuring in-
struments, Methodology, Detectors, Monitors, Expo-
sure, Concentration(Composition), Charcoal, Sam-
pling, 'Protocols.
PB89-224273/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Indoor Radon and Radon Decay Product Meas-
urement Protocols.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Mar 89,105p* EPA/520/1-89/009
See also PB89-224265.
The publication updates the Interim EPA Radon Meas-
urement Protocols by providing guidance for using a
total of 11 measurement techniques. EPA has exten-
sive laboratory and field experience with seven of the
methods: continuous working level and radon moni-
tors, alpha-track detectors, charcoal canisters
RPISUs, and grab techniques. The remaining four
methods are interim; EPA has evaluated these tech-
niques in the laboratory and found them to be satisfac-
tory. The protocols provide instrument-specific techno-
logical guidance that can be used as the basis for
standard operating procedures.
Keywords: 'Radon, "Decay, 'Radiation measuring In-
struments, Methodology, Detectors, Monitors, Expo-
sure, Concentration(Composition), Ionization cham-
bers, Charcoal, Cans, Sampling, 'Protocols.
PB89-224455/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab. Ada
OK.
Establishment of a Groundwater Research Data
Center for Validation of Subsurface Flow and
Transport Models. Final rept. Aug 86-Nov 88.
International Ground Water Modeling Center, Indian-
apolis, IN.
P. K. M. van der Heijde, W. I. M. Elderhorst, R. A. Miller
and M. F. Trehan. Jul 89,238p EPA/600/2-89/040 '
Grant EPA-R-813191
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
The International Ground Water Modeling Center has
established a Groundwater Research Data Center
which provides information on research dataaets re-
sulting from publicly funded field experiments regard-
ing soil and groundwater pollution and related labora-
tory bench studies, and which distributes selected
public domain datasets for testing and validation of
models for flow and contaminant transport in the satu-
rated and unsaturated zones of the underground To
fulfill its advisory role, the Data Center analyzes infor-
mation and documentation resulting from field and lab-
oratory experiments and evaluates the appropriate da-
tasets for their suitability in model testing and valida-
tion, The Data Center has developed a computerized
data directory, SATURN, programmed Independent)^
from any proprietary software. In addition to proMtna
referral services, the Data Center distributes on anW
is1 basis, selected, Mgh-quality datasets describecTin
the data directory. The datasets of concern represent
different hydrologicai, geological, and geographfe^!.
matic settings, pollutant compositions, and dearaesnf
contamination.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Ground water, Water pollution, Water flow,
Subsurface drainage, Mathematical models, Informa-
tion centers, Information retrieval, Hydrogeology, Ge-
ography, Climate, Contamination, Data sets.
PBM-224463/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Evaluation of Airborne Asbestos Concentrations
Before and During an 0 and M (Operations and
Maintenance) Activity: A Case Study.
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
J. Kominsky, and R. Freyburg. Aug 89,34p EPA/600/
2-89/041
Contract EPA-68-03-4006
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The current lack of information regarding the impact of
O&M activities on the potential for asbestos exposure
to building staff and occupants prompted the study.
The report presents a statistical evaluation of airborne
asbestos data collected before and during an O&M ac-
tivity involving removal of thermal surface insulation
from a feedwater preheater tank in a boiler room. It
also presents a comparison of transmission electron
microscopy (TEM) analysis on 0.4 micrometer-pore-
size polycarbonate and TEM analysis on 0.8 microme-
ter-pore-size mixed cellulose ester membrane filters.
Containment barriers should be designed and main-
tained for effective prevention of significant increases
in airborne asbestos concentrations in the areas adja-
cent to an O&M activity.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Statistical analysis, 'Thermal
insulation, 'Buildings, Concentration(Composition),
Operations, Maintenance, Sites, Quality assurance,
Cnemical analysis, Electron microscopy, 'Air pollution
sampling, 'Indoor air pollution, 'Air pollution detection,
Case studies.
PM9-224471/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Source Characterization and Control Technology
AeMsemant of Methylene Chloride Emissions
from Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, NY.
Final rept. Jul 88-Apr 89.
Alliance Technologies Corp., Chapel Hill, NC.
S A. Walata, and R. M. Rehm. Jul 89,104p EPA/600/
2-89/043
Contract EPA-68-02-4396
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of an assessment of potential
control technologies for methylene chloride (also
known as dichloromethane or DCM) emission sources
at Eastman Kodak Company's Kodak Park facility in
Rochester, NY. DCM is a solvent used by Kodak in the
manufacture of cellulose triacetate film support. Work
has involved: a plant visit where major DCM emission
sources were Inspected, and evaluation of current and
potential control technologies for the DCM emission
sources. The report contains information gathered
during the plant visit to the Kodak Park facility. Inciud-
ad are emission estimates determined by Kodak of all
sffljssion points greater than 8000 lb (3600 kg)/yr
DCM, as well as a description of each point observed
during the visit. Also Included are results of an evalua-
tion of control technologies that might be applied to
the major emission sources. A cost analysis of differ-
ent add-on control devices Is provided for four of the
uncontrolled emission points.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Chloromethanes,
•Industrial wastes, Solvents, Performance evaluation,
Photographic film, Cellulose acetate, Cost analysis,
Assessments, 'Eastman Kodak Company, 'Fugitive
emissions, 'Stationary sources.
PSM-2244M/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Statistical Evaluation of the Performance of the
tCM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) Clear-
ance Procedure.
Price Associates, Washington, DC.
J. Chesson, and J. Rosenberg. Jul 89,45p EPA/800/
£49/044
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
EPA has evaluated the performance characteristics of
the three-step clearance procedure under a variety of
conditions with the use of a negative binomial distribu-
tion to describe the statistical distribution of asbestos
fiber concentrations and the Z-test to perform the
inside-outside comparisons. The main results of this
evaluation of the proposed Transmission Electron Mi-
croscopy clearance procedure are: The false negative
error rates are lower when the underlying statistical
distribution of airborne asbestos concentrations fol-
lows a lognormal distribution. Of the four inside/out-
side comparison tests, the Poisson test has the lowest
false negative error rates, but also has the highest
false positive rates. Sampling the minimum volume of
air increases the false negative error rate, particularly
at airborne asbestos concentrations less than 0.061/
cu cm. Counting only fibers longer than 0.5 microme-
ters and with an aspect ratio of 5:1 or greater may in-
crease or decrease decision error rates.
Keywords: 'Statistical analysis, 'Asbestos, Binomial
density functions, Performance evaluation, Error anal-
ysis, Concentration(Composition), Flow charts,
Graphs(Charts), 'Air pollution sampling, 'Indoor air
pollution, Air pollution detection, Transmission elec-
tron microscopy.
PB89-224497/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Groundwater Modeling: An Overview and Status
Report Final rept. Sep 85-Sep 88.
International Ground Water Modeling Center, Indian-
apolis, IN.
P. K. M. van der Heijde, A. I. El-Kadi, and S. A.
Williams. Dec 88,258p EPA/600/2-89/028
Grant EPA-R-812603
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
The report focuses on groundwater models and their
application in the management of water resource sys-
tems. It reviews the kinds of models that have been
developed and their specific and general role in water
resource management. The report begins with the in-
troduction of system concepts applicable to subsur-
face hydrology and presents groundwater modeling
terminology, followed by a discussion of the role of
modeling Tn groundwater management with special at-
tention to tne importance of spatial and temporal
scales. The model development process is discussed
together with related issues such as model validation.
A separate section provides information on model ap-
plication procedures and issues. In addition to a review
of the model application process, this chapter contains
discussion of model selection and model calibration
and provides information on specific aspects of pollu-
tion modeling. The report also contains an extensive
overview of current model status.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Mathematical models,
'Water pollution, Hydrology, Subsurface investiga-
tions, Seepage, Percolation, Waste disposal. Spatial
distribution. Quality assurance, Calibrating, Improve-
ment, Recommendations.
PB89-224521/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Measurement of Condensable Vapor Contribution
to PM10 Emissions.
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL
A. D. Williamson, R. S. Martin, and D. B. Harris. 21 Jun
85,19p EPA/600/D-89/103,, AEERL-P-072
Contract EPA-68-02-3696
Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution
Control Association (78th), Detroit, Mi., June 16-21,
1985. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lab.
The paper describes the woodstove dilution sampling
system, the results of laboratory characterization of
the device, and field measurements of residential
woodstove emissions. Under EPA contract, a stack di-
lution sampling system (SDSS) for field measurement
of condensable emissions was designed and con-
structed . This train waa used to measure condensable
components of inhaiable particulate matter at several
sources. Also developed under EPA oontract was the
ESDSS, a reduced-scale dilution sampling system,
which is mechanically suitable for fireplace and wood
heater emissions measurement. Residential wood-
stoves emit large quantities of condensable as well as
volatile and semi-volatile organic species. Thus, in
order to adequately assess the effect of woodstove
particulate emissions on the near-source environment,
measurement techniques must be used which do not
discriminate against the condensable emissions. Am-
bient particulate samplers collect the woodstove par-
ticulate matter after the plume-mixing dilution and
cooling process.
Keywords: 'Stoves, 'Residential buildings, 'Particles,
'Condensates, Design criteria, Plumes, Flue gases,
Performance evaluation, Field tests, Experimental
design, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Wood burning appli-
ances.
PB89-224554/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Chronic Exposure to Ozone Csuses Restrictive
Lung Disease.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
E. C. Grose, D. L Costa, G. E. Hatch, F. J. Miller, and J.
A. Graham. 1989,11p EPA/600/D-89/102
Prepared in cooperation with Duke Univ., Durham, NC.
Dept. of Medicine, and Northrop Services, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
A chronic study to determine the progression and/or
reversibility of ozone-induced lung disease was con-
ducted. Male rats were exposed to a diurnal pattern of
ozone (03) for 1 week, 3 weeks, 3 months, 12 months,
or 18 months. The occurrence of chronic lung disease
was determined by structural and functional endpoints.
Structural, a btphasic response was observed with an
initial acute inflammatory response after 1 week of ex-
posure, a reduced acute response after 3 weeks of ex-
posure, and an epithelial and interstitial response ob-
served after 3 months which persisted or increased in
intensity up to 18 months of exposure. Functional stud-
ies showed a persistence of decreased total lung ca-
pacity and residual volumes at 3,12, and 18 months of
exposure, a response indicative of restrictive lung dis-
ease. Biochemical changes in antioxidant metabolism
were also observed after 12 and 18 months of expo-
sure. Most significant changes were resolved after the
clean air recovery period. The study has shown that
chronic exposure to 03 causes restrictive lung disease
as characterized by the development of focal intersti-
tial fibrosis.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Lung diseases, Exposure, Anato-
my, Physiology, Rats, Antioxidants, Pulmonary fibrosis,
Phospholipids, Biochemistry, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans).
PB89-224562/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Mouse Skin Tumors and Human Lung Cancer: Re-
lationships with Complex Environmental Emis-
sions.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park. NC.
S. Nesnow. 1989,27p EPA/600/D-89/101
See also PB88-170089.
Mouse skin tumorigenesis has been used to evaluate
the tumorigenic effects of complex mixtures including
human respiratory carcinogens. The study examines
the quantitative relationships between tumor induction
in SENCAR mouse skin and the induction of respirato-
ry cancer in man using lour well-established human
respiratory carcinogens: emissions from coke ovens,
roofing tar pots, diesel engines, and cigarettes. The
tumor multiplicity data from mouse skin studies using
extracts of particulates from each of the four emission
sources is compared. Using the unit risk (the lifetime
probability of respiratory cancer death due to a con-
stant lifetime exposure of 1 microg/m3 emissions in
the inhaled air) to compare the potency of the four
emissions to human respiratory cancer, the relative
potency is: coke oven:roofing tar:diesel:cigarette
smoke: 1.0:0.39:0,075:0.0024. When fitted to a linear
regression the mouse skin tumor data and human lung
cancer risks were highly associated. The close asso-
ciation between the two relative potencies suggest
that this comparative potency approach can be used in
prospective analyses of human respiratory cancer risk
to complex emissions, and several examples are pro-
posed. In addition, the similarity of the chemical and
toxicological characteristics of complex mixtures is dis-
cussed with regard to the prospective use of the com-
parative potency approach.
Keywords: 'Carcinogens, 'Skin cancer, 'Pulmonary
neoplasms, Combustion products, Environmental
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tests, Toxicology, Mice,
effects(Humans), Risk factors.
*Air pollution
PB89-224570/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
Application of a Simple Short-Term Bloassay for
the Identification of Qenotoxlna from Hazardous
Waste*.
Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
S. S. Sandhu, and G. N. Acedo. 1989,12p EPA/600/
n flQ/flQQ
Contract EPA-68-02-4456
Symposium on Waste Testing and Quality Assurance,
ASTM STP 1062, v2 1 989. Sponsored by Health Ef-
fects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC. En-
vironmental Toxicology Div.
The proper disposal of hazardous wastes currently
generated and clean up of waste disposal sites of the
past are challenges facing regulatory agencies in the
industrialized nations. The estimation of levels of toxic-
ity is an essential step in prioritizing industrial effluents
and solid wastes for treatment an
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The Eastern Lake Survey, Phase II was designed pri-
marily to assess seasonal variability in regional surface
water chemistry. The report describes and evaluates
the quality assurance program employed during the
survey. The operations component included quality as-
surance and quality control procedures to ensure that
all samples were collected and analyzed consistently
and to estimate the accuracy and precision of the re-
ported values with a known degree of confidence. The
data management component established a means to
store and track data; to identify and correct entry, re-
porting, and analytical errors; and to keep a record of
such changes. The survey design identified 24 physi-
cal and chemical characteristics of lake water for
measurement. Data quality objectives for detectability,
accuracy, precision, representativeness, complete-
ness, and comparability of ELS-II were based on previ-
ous related surveys. During data verification and vali-
dation activities, several issues (concentrated primarily
on the data from the chloride, nitrate, sulfate, and alka-
linity analyses) prompted a Special Data Assessment.
The process produced a list of recommendations and
justifications for changes to be made to the official
verified data base.
Keywords: 'Lakes, 'Surface water, 'Water chemistry,
United States, Seasonal variations, Quality assurance,
Surveys, Regional analysis, Environmental monitoring.
PB89-224927/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Methods Manual for Perdido Bay Citizen* Moni-
toring Program.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
D. A. Flemer. Jul 89,33p EPA/600/4-89/030
The Methods Manual for Perdido Bay Citizens' Moni-
toring Program and its companion quality assurance/
quality control plan were developed In response to a
request made by the Friends of Perdido Bay(FPB), Inc.
The monitoring and other activities of the FPB form an
important component of the Environmental Protection
Agency's Perdido Bay Cooperative Management
Project (PBCMP). The PBCMP is a pilot project of the
Agency's Near Coastal Water Initiative and is geo-
graphically within the Agency's Gutf of Mexico Pro-
grams. Thus, data obtained by the citizens' volunteer
monitoring project will be of interest to the local com-
munity and to various levels within the Agency.
Keywords: 'Perdido Bay, Depth, Salinity, Measure-
ment, Florida, Manuals, Temperature, Transparence,
Dissolved gases. Oxygen, 'Environmental monitoring,
'Citizen participation, Water pollution sampling, Dem-
onstration projects.
PB89-224935/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Aaency, Washington, DC.
Office of Technology Transfer and Regulatory Sup-
port..
Ground-Water Research: Technical Assistance Di-
rectory.
Environmental Management Support, Silver Spring,
MD.
17 May 89,49p EPA/600/9-89/048
Prepared In cooperation with PEER Consultants, Inc.,
Rockville, MD. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Technology
Transfer and Regulatory Support.
The Directory, a revision of the first edition (EPA/600/
9-87/008) published by ORD in March 1987, is intend-
ed to foster communication among scientists and engi-
neers throughout EPA's Office of Research and Devel-
opment (ORD) and among EPA, state, and local per-
sonnel involved in the protection and management of
ground-water resources. In addition to listing ORD re-
searchers by location and subject matter, the Directory
provides brief organizational descriptions of the
ground-water research programs for each ORD office.
These descriptions may aid in locating assistance in
areas not covered by the subject indices.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Research program admin-
istration, 'Protection, 'Directories, Scientists, Re-
search projects, Monitoring, Describing, Organiza-
tions, Technical assistance, Listings, Priorities.
PBM-224M3/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Sensitivity of a Regional Oxidant Model to Vari-
ations In Climate Parameters. Volume 1 and 2.
Final rept
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
R. E. Morris, M. W. Gery, M. K. Liu, G. E. Moore, and C.
Daley. Jul 89,149p EPA/600/3-89/068
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
In order to investigate the sensitivity of ozone concen-
trations to future climate variations, a regional oxidant
model was applied for future climate scenarios to two
regions: one covering central California (San Joaquin
Valley, Sierra Nevada mountains and the San Francis-
co Bay Area) and the other covering the midwestern
and southeastern United States. Based on model cal-
culations, the effects of increased temperature on am-
bient ozone concentrations results in an increase of
the area of exceedances of the ozone air quality stand-
ard, a movement of the peak ozone concentration
closer to the urban areas, and the resultant increase in
the exposure of people to harmful levels of ozone con-
centrations. The calculations for California indicate
that the maximum daily ozone concentrations may in-
crease from 2 to 20% and the number of people ex-
posed to hourly ozone concentrations in excess of the
air quality standard may triple as a result of a tempera-
ture increase. Similar, although less dramatic, results
were seen for the midwestern and southeastern appli-
cations.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Ozone, 'Regional
analysis, 'Oxidizers, 'Climate changes, 'Air pollution,
Urban areas, Environmental surveys, Forecasting, Tro-
posphere, Assessments, Concentration(Composition),
Meteorology,	Stratosphere,	'Central
Region(CaTifomia), 'Southeast Region(United States),
'Midwest Region(United States), 'Air quality.
PB89-224950/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Bench Scale Fixation of Soils from the Tacoma
Tar Pits Superfund Site. Final Report
Nevada Univ., Las Vegas. Environmental Research
Center.
G. Rupp. Jul 89,106p EPA/600/8-89/069
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The report documents the result of a bench-scale soil
fixation study conducted with materials from the
Tacoma Tar Pits Superfund Site. Chemical fixation
(also called stabilization/solidification) is a relatively
new technique for remediating contaminated soils. It
entails both immobilization of contaminants via sorp-
tion or chemical reaction and physical transformation
of the soil into a firm, impervious 'monolith.' Fixation
has been used for years to immobilize metals in low-
level radioactive wastes and specialized industrial
wastes, such as baghouse dusts, it has not been com-
monly used at sites with organic contamination, how-
ever. The study utilized materials contaminated with
metals and several types of organic contaminants in-
cluding benzene, toluene, xylene, polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons, and polychlorinatea blphenyls. Sam-
ples of heavily contaminated soils and wastes from the
site were chemically fixed using a proprietary product,
and the resulting monoliths were subjected to various
physical, chemical, and leaching tests. The purpose
was to assess the efficacy of fixation for a complicated
matrix, i.e., one that was physically heterogeneous and
contained several classes of contaminants.
Keywords'. 'Site surveys, 'Chemical stabilization, * So-
lid iri cation, 'Waste disposal, 'Containment 'Coal tar,
Sorption, Chemical reactions, Coal gasification, Soils,
Substitutes, Fixatives, Physical properties,
Stabilizers(Agents), Concentration(Composition),
Sampling, Field tests, Leaching, 'Superfund program,
'Remedial action, 'Land pollution,
Tacoma(Washington), Region 10.
PB89-228411/HSU	PC A24/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
BACT/LAER (Beat Available Control Technology/
Lowest Achievable Emlasion Rate) Clearing-
house: A Compilation of Control Technology De-
terminations. Fourth Supplement to IMS Edition.
Summary Tables and Appendices A-H.
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Jun 89,568p
Contract EPA-68-02-4394
See also report dated Jul 88, PB89-109060. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards.
The Clean Air Act as amended in 1977 prescribes sev-
eral technology-based limitations affecting new or
modified air pollution sources: (1) new source perform-
ances standards (NSPS); (2) best available control
technology (BACT); and (3) lowest achievable emis-
sion rate (LAER). The basic purposes of the BACT/
LAER Clearinghouse are to: (1) provide State and local
air pollution control agencies with current information
on case-by-case control technology determinations
that are made nationwide and (2) promote communi-
cation, cooperation, and sharing of control technology
information among the permitting agencies. The Infor-
mation presented in the compilation was abstracted
from preconstruction permits and submitted voluntarily
by the State and local air pollution control agencies.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, State government, In-
dustrial wastes. Combustion products. Boilers,
Sources, Tables(Data), 'Best Available technology.
PB89-225486/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Forest Waste Disposal, Ml. (Second Remedial
Action), March 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
31 Mar 88,141p EPA/ROD/R05-88/062
See also PB87-189890.
The Forest Waste Disposal site consists of an 11-acre,
abandoned municipal and industrial waste landfill and
9 surface impoundments. It is located in Genesee
County, Michigan, 20 miles northeast of Flint, and is
surrounded by agricultural land and undeveloped
woodlands and wetlands. Forest Waste Disposal con-
ducted landfill operations from 1972-1978, receiving
limited types of liquid industrial waste, general house-
hold refuse, and drummed waste until 1978. Specific
waste material found within the landfiN includes PBB-
contaminated feed, septic sludge, and drums contain-
ing primarily solid and liquid VOCs in high concentra-
tions. The primary contaminants of concern affecting
the soil and ground water are VOCs including toluene
and TCE; other organics including pesticides, PAHs
and PBBs; and metals including arsenic and lead. The
selected remedial action for the site includes: removal
and incineration of contaminated soil; installation of a
containment system including a RCRA cap, slurry wall,
dewatering system and a leachate collection system;
and treatment and disposal of collected leachate;
deed restrictions to prevent use of the ground water as
a drinking water source; access restrictions; and
ground water monitoring.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Ground water, 'Water pollu-
tion, 'Industrial wastes, Sludge disposal, Hazardous
materials, Polyaromatlc hydrocarbons, Arsenic,
Lead(Metal), 'Superfund program, 'Remedial action,
'Land pollution, 'Municipal wastes, 'Genesee
County(Michigan), Liquid wastes, Volatile organic
compounds, Environmental monitoring.
PB89-225494/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Belvidere LandflH, IL. (First Remedial Action),
June 19M.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Jun 88,70pEPA/ROD/R05-88/069
The Belvidere Landfill, is located just outside the City
of Belvidere, County of Boone, Illinois. The City of Bel-
videre owned the landfill from 1939 to 1973, operating
first as a municipal landfill until 1965 and then as an in-
dustnal landfill until 1973. The primary contaminants of
concern affecting the soil and ground water include:
organics, PCBs, PAHs, metals, and lead. The selected
remedial action for the site includes: RCRA Subtitle C
capping over the 19.3-acre landfill; treatment or con-
tainment of soil from the drum disposal area following
resampling to determine the magnitude of PCB con-
tamination; ground water pump and treatment possibly
usinoair stripping with discharge to either the Kishwau-
kee River or the city treatment plant; ground water
monitoring; pond and river fish monitoring; Installation
of an upgraded fence; deed restrictions to control un-
acceptable onsite activities and construction; and
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
flood control measures to prevent erosion of the cap
and landfill contents.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, 'Waste dis-
posal, 'Hazardous materials, Site surveys, Licenses,
Public health, Polyaromatic hydrocarbons, Cost analy-
sis, Ground water, "Solid waste management, 'Super-
fund program, 'Remedial action, 'Municipal wastes,
"Land reclamation, 'Boone County(lllinois), Polychlori-
nated biphenyls.
PB89-225S02/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
U.S. Aviex, Ml. (First Remedial Action), September
1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
7 Sep 88,60p EPA/ROD/R05-88/073
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The six-acre U.S. Aviex site is located in the City of
Niles, Howard Township, Cass County, Michigan. Sur-
face runoff from the site and surrounding areas flows
toward Bome-Huntly Drain, a tributary of St. Joseph
River, and ultimately Lake Michigan. U.S. Aviex pro-
duced non-lubricating automotive fluids from the early
1960s until 1978. During operations at the plant, chlor-
inated hydrocarbons, including trichloroethane (TCA),
were released into the vadose zone south of the proc-
ess room. The subsurface soil still contains significant
quantities of TCA, TCE, and PCE. The selected reme-
dial action for this site includes: soil flushing of approxi-
mately 11,500 cu yd of contaminated onsite soil; and
collection of onsite and offsite ground water and fluids
from the soil flushing process with treatment onsite by
air stripping, and discharge to surface water.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, 'Hazardous materi-
als, "Waste disposal, Sites, Water pollution, Chlorohy-
drocarbons, Ethyl ether, Soils, Water wells, Benzene,
Water pollution. Flushing, Stripping(Distillation),
Record of Decision, First Remedial Action, "Super-
fund, Niles City(Michigan).
PB89-225510/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Poer Farm, IN. (First Remedial Action), September
1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 88,29p EPA/ROD/R05-88/079
The 4.5 acre Poer Farm site is located about 4 miles
north of Charlottesville, in Hancock County, Indiana.
The site is an abandoned tract of land with a collapsed
house and barn and an old, inactive well that lies
southeast of the house. The surrounding area is open
farmland. The nearest house is about 0.25 mile from
the site and the nearby residents rely on private wells
for their water supply. There are about 270 homes with
a population of about 2,400 within 3 miles of the site. In
1973, approximately 260 drums of offgrade solvents
and paint resins were stockpiled on the Poer property.
In 1981 and 1983, the drums and an onsite well were
tested and found to contain elevated levels of arsenic,
cadmium, lead, and mercury. Emergency cleanup ac-
tivities were conducted in the summer of 1983. All
wastes were removed from the site and six to eight
inches of soil were removed from the drum storage
areas. Subsequent sampling showed significantly de-
creased levels of the heavy metals. The site was
fenced and warning signs were posted. An investiga-
tion in 1988 indicated that contaminant levels were
below Federal and State Health Standards and that
there was no threat to human health or the environ-
ment.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Paints, Site surveys, Licenses, Public
health, Cost analysis, Water pollution, Solvents,
"Liquid waste disposal, 'Superfund program, 'Reme-
dial actions, 'Hancock County(lndiana), Environmen-
tal research, Land reclamation, Solid waste manage-
ment
PB89-225628/H8U	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
South Valley/Edmunds Street, NM. (Second Re-
medial Action), June 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
28 Jun 88,47p EPA/ROD/R06-88/037
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The South Valley/Edmunds Street site is a large area
in Albuquerque, New Mexico, surrounding the munici-
pal water well known as San Jose 6. Witnin this large
area are a number of industrial properties owned and
operated by different groups and individuals. Analyses
of the area have shown significant levels of industrial
solvents in the soil, and a plume of contaminated
ground water starting at the drainage pit area and ex-
tending to the east. The contaminated group water
currently poses a direct threat to Albuqerque's water
supply by moving toward the city's well fields. The pri-
mary contaminants of concern affecting the ground
water include VOCs such as PCE and TCE. The select-
ed remedial action for the site includes: ground water
pump and treatment using air stripping (packed tower
aeration) with reinjection of the treated water into the
aquifer through infiltration galleries; and ground water
and air monitoring.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Licenses, Public health,
Water pollution, Cost analysis, "Solid waste manage-
ment, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial action, 'Land
reclamation, *Albuquerque(New Mexico), Volatile or-
ganic compounds.
PB89-225536/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Tyson's Dump Site, PA. (Second Remedial
Action), September 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Sep 88,81 p EPA/ROD/R03-88/068
See also PB85-2l3858Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The Tyson's Dump site is an abandoned septic and
chemical waste disposal facility on a four-acre plot bor-
dered on the east and west by unnamed tributaries of
the Schuylkill River. During its period of operation from
1962 to 1970, several formerly unlined lagoons were
used to dispose of various industrial, municipal and
chemical wastes. Spills and overflows reportedly oc-
curred, dispensing contaminants throughout the site.
Surface water runoff and seeps contributed to offsite
migration of wastes toward the Schuylkill River. In
1973 the State ordered the original onsite disposal fa-
cility closed. The primary contaminants of concern af-
fecting the ground water are VOCs including 1,2,3-
trichloropropane, total xylenes, toluene, and other or-
ganics. The selected remedial action for the site in-
cludes pumping and treatment of contaminated
ground water with discharge of treated water to the
river; offsite incineration of organic-phase condensate
produced from steam regeneration of vapor-phase
carbon beds; and ground water monitoring.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes; 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, Licenses, Public health,
Water pollution, Site surveys, Cost analysis, "Super-
fund program, 'Remedial action, "Municipal wastes,
'Land reclamation, 'Solid waste management, "Mont-
gomery County(Pennsylvania), Volatile organic com-
pounds.
PB89-225544/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 10):
Commencement Bay/Near Shore, WA. (First Re-
medial Action), December 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Dec 87,107p EPA/ROD/R10-88/011
Portions on this report are not fully legible. See also
PB85214179.
The Tacoma Tar Pits site covers approximately 30
acres within the Commencement Bay-Nearshore/Ti-
deflats site in Tacoma, Pierce County, Washington.
Currently there is concern for the site's impact on sur-
face water quality; many local industries use ground
water from onsite wells. The primary contaminants of
concern affecting surface water and soil include: ben-
zene, PAHs, PCBs, and lead. The selected remedial
action for the site includes: excavation of all contami-
nated soils exceeding 1 % total PAHs and all surface
soils exceeding a 10 sup -6 lifetime cancer risk level
with stabilization of all excavated soils in a polymer/
cement mixture; capping of the stablized matrix with
asphalt; channeling and managing of surface waters;
ground water monitoring; and removal and treatment
of ponded water.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, "Hazardous materials.
"Waste disposal, Polyaromatic hydrocarbons, Site sur-
veys, Licenses, Public health, Cost analysis. Com-
mencement Bay, Lead(Metai), Water pollution, 'Su-
perfund program, "Remedial action, "Land reclama-
tion, Solid waste management,
*Tacoma(Washington), Volatile organic compounds.
PB89-225851/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region
San Qabrlel Valley Areas 1, 2, & 4, CA. (Second
Remedial Action), September 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 88,35p EPA/ROD/R09-88/020
See also PB88-220926.
The San Gabriel Valley site consist of four large areas
of ground water contamination located approximately
10-20 miles east of Los Angeles in Los Angelas
County, California. The sites include industrial, com-
mercial, residential, and undeveloped areas. The con-
taminated ground water underlies significant portions
of several cities and outlying areas of the San Gabrial
Valley, and appears to be the result of inadequate han-
dling and disposal of industrial solvents by dozens of
industrial/commercial facilities. This ROD addresses
contamination in the Bartolo Well Field, a private water
utility, owned and operated by Suburban Water Sys-
tems (SWS) and located along the east side of the San
Gabriel River in the Whittier Narrows area. The select-
ed remedial action for this site includes: onsite ground-
water pump and treatment using an air stripping
system equipped with air emissions controls, with r
suquent discharge to the utility's water distribution
system; floodproofing the treatment facility; and
ground water monitoring.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'Waste disposal, Sites, Water pollution, Water
wells, Solvents, Vaporizing, Ground water, PumpkKL
Air pollution control, Activated carbon treatment
Stripping(Distillation), Record of Decision, Second Ra-
medial Action, 'Superfund, Los Angeles
County(Calilornia).
PB89-225589/HSU	PC A03/MF AOl
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Raglan 9k
Ordot Landfill, QU. (First Remedial Action), San.
tember 1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
28 Sep 88,48p EPA/ROD/R09-88/022
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Ordot Landfill site is located on the Island of
Guam. The landfill is in a volcanic upland region, whe>»
site runoff flows directly into the adjacent Lonfit Ftlver
There is concern, however, that a suspected fault near
the landfill may provide a hydrologtc connection be-
tween the contaminants at Ordot Landfill and Guam's
major drinking water acquifer located in the northern
limestone province of Guam. Because ft is the only
major public waste disposal site on Guam it haa re-
ceived some hazardous waste during its history. In-
cluding spent industrial and commercial ~*iitrnirii|»
PCB-contaminated oils from transformers, andparl
haps munitions. The selected remedial action for Ms
site is the no action alternative.
Keywords: 'Metals. 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste
disposal, 'Guam Island, Sites, Water pollution. Earth-
fills, Iron, Manganese, Operations, Maintenance
Record of Decision, First Remedial Action, "Sunto!
fund.
PB89-225577/HSU	PC A11/MF AOl
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region ifc
Cannon Engineering, MA. (First Remedial AottonC
March 1988. Final rept.	h
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
31 Mar 88,228p EPA/ROD/R01 -88/031
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Cannon Engineering Corporation (CEC) lacKty fa
located in a small Industrial park in the western part 3
the Town of Bridgewater, Plymouth County, Massa-
chusetts. CEC, which has owned the property tincm
1974, handled, stored, and incinerated chemical waste
onsite from 1974 to 1980. EPA conducted sits ImZ
aations between 1980 and 1982, and in October igao
Massachusetts contracted for the removal of
and liquid waste from onsite tanks and drums. InJantT
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ary 1988, EPA provided for the removal and disposal
of numerous hazardous materials abandoned at the
site. This remedial action addresses three discrete
areas of soil and sediment contamination. The primary
contaminants of concern affecting the ground water,
soil, and debris are VOCs including benzene, TCE, and
vinyl chloride, and other organics including PCBs and
PAHs. The selected remedial action includes: excava-
tion and onslte treatment of VOC-contaminated soil by
thermal aeration, and excavation and offsite treatment
of PCB-contaminated soil by incineration; decontami-
nation, removal, and disposal of contaminated build-
ings, tanks, and structures; additional soil sampling;
ground water monitoring.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Licenses, Public health,
Cost analysis, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial ac-
tions, 'Bridgewater(Massacnusetts), 'Liquid waste
disposal, 'Solid waste management, Land reclama-
tion, Environmental research.
PB89-225908/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Summit National Site, Deerfield, OH. June 1988.
First Remedial Action. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, IX.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Jun 88,157p EPA/ROD/R05-88/068
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The 11.5-acre Summit National site is a former coal
strip mine approximately 45 miles southeast of Cleve-
land. Summit National Liquid Services operated a sol-
vent recycling and waste disposal facility on the site
from 1973 to 1978. Solvents, paint sludges, phenols,
cyanide, arsenic, and other liquid wastes were stored,
incinerated, and buried or dumped during site oper-
ations. All onsite media are contaminated with a varie-
ty of organic and inorganic compounds, and investiga-
tions indicate that offsite areas also are affected. The
primary contaminants of concern affecting soil, sedi-
ments, ground water, and surface water are VOCs in-
cluding benzene, toluene, TCE and xylenes, other or-
ganics including phenols, PAHs and PCBs, and metals
including arsenic and chromium. The selected remedi-
al action for the site includes: excavation and onsite in-
cineration of contaminated soil and sediments and the
contents of approximately 1,600 buried drums and 4
tanks, with disposal of incinerator residuals in an
onsite RCRA landfill; ground water pump and treat-
ment and onsite surface water treatment and dis-
charge of treated water to downgradient surface
water; dismantling and onsite disposal of all onsite
structures; ground water and surface water monitoring;
and residence relocation.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Chromium, Arsenic, Licenses, Public
health, Cost analysis, Polyaromatlc hydrocarbons,
Phenols, Water pollution, Site surveys, Solid waste
management, 'Superfund program, 'Land reclama-
tion, 'Remedial action, 'Portage County(Ohio), Liquid
waste disposal, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Volatile or-
ganic compounds.
PM9-228104/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Construction Grants Program for Municipal
Wastewater Treatment Works: Handbook of Pro-
cedures (July 1989 Update).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Municipal Construction Dlv.
Jul 89,219p* TRANSMITTAL M-89-1
See also PB88-157417.
Transmitted are change pages updating the refer-
enced publication.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment 'Water quality man-
agement, 'Municipal wastes, 'Water pollution control,
Substitutes, Management planning, Construction man-
agement, Cost analysis, State government, National
government, Local government, 'Construction grants
program, Clean Water Act, Technology utilization.
PBM-228369/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Characterization and Control of Radionuclide
Emissions from Elemental Phosphorus Produc-
tion. Rept. for May 88-Feb 89.
Midwest Research Inst., Cary, NC.
D. Wallace, K. Allen, and J. Obremski. Feb 89,128p
EPA/450/3-89/020
Contract EPA-68-02-4379
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The report presents the results of a study conducted
by the Industrial Studies Branch in EPA's Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards that was designed to
collect background information on radionuclide emis-
sions from elemental phosphorus production process-
es. The Office of Radiation Programs will use this infor-
mation to evaluate the National Emission Standard for
Hazardous Air Pollutants for radionuclide emissions
from elemental phosphorus production in response to
litigation by the Sierra Club. Information gathered in-
cluded all emission data generated over the past 10
years by EPA and elemental phosphorus facilities, test
results of the test program conducted concurrently
with this study (two scrubbers), data compiled from
plant visits to each of the five operating facilities, and
data acquired through review of published literature,
contact with knowledgeable EPA personnel, and tele-
phone contacts with control equipment vendors. The
report provides descriptions of the elemental phos-
phorus production processes, radionuclide emissions
from those processes, availability of control tech-
niques that could reduce those emissions, and the per-
formance and costs of alternative control techniques.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Phos-
phorus, 'Industrial wastes, 'Radioactive materials. By-
products, Polonium 210, Sources, Standards, Scrub-
bers, Concentration(Composition), Performance eval-
uation, Substitutes, Cost analysis, Process charting,
Electrostatic precipitators, 'Phosphate industry, Lead
210, High efficiency particulate air filters, Fabric filters,
Baseline measurements.
PB89-228377/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Economic Criteria for Relocation. Final rept.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
B. M. Bunger. Jun 89,37p* EPA/520/1-89/015
The report provides background information on the
social cost of relocating households away from areas
contaminated as a result of a release of radioactive
particulate material to the atmosphere from an acci-
dent at a nuclear power plant. Results of the analyses
presented in the report were used in the development
of Protective Action Guides for relocation.
Keywords: 'Radiation protection, 'Neighborhoods,
Civil defense, Economic analysis, 'Radiation acci-
dents, 'Population relocation, 'Evacuation, Emergen-
cy plans, Decontamination, Cost estimation.
PB89-229504/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 8):
Ubby Ground Water Contamination, MT. (Second
Remedial Action), December 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Dec 88,132p EPA/ROD/R08-89/022
See also PB87-169874.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The Libby Ground Water Contamination site (also
known as the Champion Mill site or the Libby Pesticide
site) is located on the Champion International Corpora-
tion lumber and plywood mill in the City of Ubby, Lin-
coln County, Montana. The contaminated soil/source
area is within the confines of the facility; however,
ground water contamination extends well into the City
of Ubby. Wood treating fluids and their constituents, In-
cluding creosote and PCP, are the contaminants of
concern at the site. They are found in soil and sedi-
ments at several different locations, including former
waste pits, tank storage areas, and butt dip and treat-
ment sites. The contamination is the result of spent
fluids, overflow of treatment tanks, and spills. In addi-
tion to creosote and PCP, certain carrier fuels or oils
were used at the site and contributed VOC contami-
nants. The site has been divided into three operable
units; however, they require concurrent remediation.
The primary contaminants of concern affecting the
soil, sediments, and ground water at the site are VOCs
including benzene; other organics Including dioxin,
PAHs (creosote constituents), and PCP; metals includ-
ing arsenic; and oil.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Cost analysis, Public
health, Licenses, Creosote, Arsenic, Water reclama-
tion, Polyaromatic hydrocarbons, 'Superfund program,
'Remedial action, 'Land reclamation, 'Solid waste
management, 'Uncoln County(Montana), Volatile or-
ganic compounds.
PB89-229512/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Croyden TCE Spill, PA. (First Remedial Action),
December 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
28 Dec 88,55p EPA/ROD/R03-89/066
The Croyden TCE Spill site is located in Bristol Town-
ship, Buck County, Pennsylvania. VOC contamination
in the ground water has been detected over a 3.5-
square mile area predominantly residential with an es-
timated 3,000 residents. The study area is bordered on
the south by the Delaware River. Neshaminy Creek,
which borders the study area to the west, and Hog Run
Creek which flows through the focused area of investi-
gation, both discharge to the river. Although the source
of contamination has not been identified, the contami-
nant plume appears to be flowing south-southeast into
the East Branch of Hog Run Creek and probably into
the Delaware River. The primary contaminants of con-
cern affecting the ground water are TCE and PCE. The
selected remedial action for the site includes connect-
ing approximately 13 residences to the public water
supply system via the construction of new water serv-
ices lines, mains, hydrants, and valves; and ground
water monitoring to ensure that homes located outside
of the TCE-contaminated zone will not be at risk from
the migrating plume.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Site surveys,
"Ground water, 'Water pollution, Licenses, Public
health, Watersheds, Cost analysis, 'Superfund pro-
gram, 'Remedial action, 'Environmental research,
'Bucks County(Pennsylvania), Volatile organic com-
pounds.
PB89-22S520/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Wausau Water Supply, Wl. (First Remedial
Action), December 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
12 Dec 88,78p EPA/ROD/R05-89/086
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Wausau Water Supply site, also known as the
Wausau Groundwater Contamination site, encom-
passes an area in the northern section of the City of
Wausau, Marathon County, Wisconsin. The site in-
cludes five of six production wells in the City Well Field
and is located on both sides of the Wisconsin River.
The wells supply nearly all the potable water for ap-
proximately 33,000 people, as well as irrigation and In-
dustrial water to surrounding areas. In 1982, the city
discovered that wells CW3, CW4, and CW6 were con-
taminated with VOCs. Since that time, several systems
have been implemented to reduce VOC levels in the
water supply. Initially, uncontaminated water from
CW9 and CW7 was blended with water from CW3,
CW4, and CW6 to dilute the VOC concentrations.
However, increasing VOC concentrations resulted in
regulatory limits being exceeded. The primary contami-
nants of concern affecting the West Well Field at the
site are VOCs including TCE. The selected remedial
action for the site includes ground water pumping and
treatment using air stripping with discharge to the Wis-
consin River, groundwater monitoring; and provision
for implementation of an additional extraction well as
necessary.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Water pollution, 'Potable
water, Site surveys, Water reclamation, Licenses,
Public health, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial action,
*Wausau(Wisconsin), Volatile organic compounds.
Pollution monitoring.
PB89-229538/H8U	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 7):
Flndett, MO. (First Remedial Action), December
1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
28 Dec 88,43p EPA/ROD/R07-89/023
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The Findett/Hayford Bridge Road Ground Water site is
located just north of the City of St. Charles, in St.
Charles County, east-central Missouri. Land use in the
site vicinity is primarily agricultural, but also includes a
small industrial park containing Findett Corporation,
Cadmus Corporation, and several other commercial
and light industrial establishments. Until 1980, Findett
Corporation reclaimed heat transfer fluids or oils, some
of which contained PCBs, and received waste solvents
for reclamation or recycling. Subsequently, Findett has
custom blended or manufactured organic chemicals
for other companies. There is PCB-contaminated soil
at the Findett facility as well as the adjacent Cadmus
Corporation facility. The Elm Point Well Field is also at
risk of contamination by releases from the site. The pri-
mary contaminants of concern affecting the soil and
ground water are VOCs, and other organics including
PCBs. The selected remedial action for the site in-
cludes onsite ground water pumping and treatment
using air stripping with discharge to the publicly owned
treatment works; and excavation of contaminated soil
with either offsite disposal or treatment.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Licenses, Public health,
Water pollution, Ground water, Cost analysis, 'Super-
fund program, 'Remedial action, 'Land reclamation,
'Solid waste management, 'Saint Charles
County(Missouri), Volatile organic compounds, Poly-
chlorinated biphenyls.
PB89-229546/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Clba-Gelgy, NJ. (First Remedial Action), April
1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
24 Apr 89,123p EPA/ROD/R02-89/076
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Ciba-Geigy Chemical Corporation site is located in
Dover Township, Ocean County, New Jersey. From
1952 to 1988, a variety of synthetic organic pigments,
organic dyestuffs and intermediates, and epoxy resins
were manufactured at the site. The company disposed
of chemical wastes onsite in several locations. The
drum disposal area and lime sludge disposal area were
closed and capped in 1978. About this time, the filter-
cake disposal area was also closed and covered with
soil. Ground water contamination is migrating from
these inactive disposal sites easterly towards the
Toms River. Contaminants are present in leaking
drums, waste sludges, soils, and ground water. The
primary contaminants of concern affecting the ground
water are VOCs including benzene, PCE, TCE, and tol-
uene; and metals Including arsenic and chromium. The
selected remedial action lor the site includes sealing
contaminated residential irrigation wells; on- and off
site ground water pumping with onsite treatment fol-
lowed by temporarily retaining the ground water in
basins for monitoring and subsequent discharge to the
Toms River; and Implementation of a river and ground
water monitoring program.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
Waste disposal, Site surveys, Cost analysis, Water
reclamation, Licenses, Public health, Ground water,
Arsenic, Chromium, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial
action. Solid waste management, 'Ocean
County(New Jersey), Volatile organic compounds,
Liquid waste disposal.
P889-a29553/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 7):
if"*"?* Farm, IA. (First Remedial
Action), November 1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
4 Nov 88,59p EPA/ROD/R07-89/022
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The 2.7-acre Dupont Impoundment of the Todtz Farm
site is located on a 120-acre farm 1.25 miles west of
Camanche, Iowa. Originally a sand and gravel mine,
the landfill received municipal waste from 1969 to
1975. Dupont disposed of an estimated 4,300 tons of
wet end cellophane process wastes from 1971 until its
closure in 1975. Impoundment wastes are periodically
in direct contact with the ground water beneath the
site, which flows southeasterly toward the Mississippi
River. Domestic wells and the municipal water supply
wells for Camanche located downgradient of the site
may be affected by contamination from the site. In ad-
dition, several ponds and lakes in the vicinity are po-
tential receptors for contaminated runoff and re-
charge. The primary contaminants of concern affect-
ing the ground water are VOCs including toluene and
benzene, and metals including arsenic, lead, and chro-
mium. The selected remedial action for the site in-
cludes installation of a soil cover over the Dupont Im-
poundment; implementation of institutional controls in-
cluding deed and land use restrictions; provision of an
alternate water supply for an affected residence by re-
locating an existing well; and groundwater monitoring.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Industrial wastes, Li-
censes, Public health, Ground water, Arsenic,
Lead(Metal), Chromium, Cost analysis, Site surveys,
'Municipal wastes, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial
action, 'Land reclamation, 'Camancne(lowa), Volatile
organic compounds.
PB89-229561/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
Pesses Chemical, TX. (First Remedial Action), De-
cember 1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
22 Dec 88,47p EPA/ROD/R06-89/047
The 4.2-acre Pesses Chemical Company site is locat-
ed in Tarrant County, Ft. Worth, Texas. The site is in a
light industrial and commercial area with an estimated
19,500 people residing or working within a one-mile
radius. In June 1979, the Pesses Company began op-
erations to reclaim cadmium and nickel from dry-cell
batteries and metal sludges. In January 1981, site op-
erations were discontinued. Heavy metals contamina-
tion from airborne dust and surface water runoff are
the main potential threats at the site. The primary con-
taminants of concern affecting the soil, buildings and
equipment, and debris are metals including cadmium,
lead and nickel. The selected remedial action for the
site includes excavation of contaminated offsite soil
and wastes, and consolidation with onsite contaminat-
ed soil, followed by in situ stablization; decontamina-
tion of the metal warehouse and equipment with result-
ant solid wastes combined with the soil remediation,
and waters treated and discharged into the sewer
system; offsite disposal of drums and debris, as well as
equipment that cannot be adequately cleaned, and off-
site deep well injection of wastewater above POTW
discharge requirements; and cleaning and sealing the
sumps.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Cost analysis,
Lead(Metal), Licenses, Public health, Cadmium,
Nickel, Waste water, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial
action, 'Solid waste management, 'Land reclamation,
'Fort WorthfTexas), Heavy metals.
PB89-229579/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
American Creosote Works, TN. (First Remedial
Action), December 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
5 Jan 89,38p EPA/ROD/R04-89/043
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The American Creosote Works (ACW) site is located
immediately southwest of Jackson, in central Madison
County, Tennessee. ACW conducted wood preserving
operations using both creosote and PCP from the early
1930s until December 1981. Untreated process
wastewater and potential contaminated stormwater
runoff were discharged directly into Central Creek until
1973, at which time a levee was constructed to retain
surface water runoff. The soil borrow pits used for the
levee construction became sludge storage lagoons. A
wastewater treatment system was installed onsite
during 1974 and 1975 and operated until 1981. The se-
lected remedial action for the site includes consolida-
tion and incineration of sludges in the vicinity of the
buildings and tanks; on- or offsite incineration of the
oils and sludges from the tanks; treatment of tanked
process liquids onsite using a sand filter, filter press,
and carbon adsorption unit, followed by discharge to a
surface stream; decontamination and offsite disposal
of site structures; construction of a flood-protection
dike; deed restrictions and site fencing; and site stabili-
zation including monitoring onsite water levels behind
the dikes and pumping, treating (as needed), and dis-
charging impounded water pending a final remedy.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Water disposal, Site surveys, Cost analysis, Phenols!
Licenses, Public health, Water pollution, Sludge, Po-
lyaromatic hydrocarbons, 'Superfund program, 'Land
reclamation, 'Remedial action, 'Madison
County(Tennessee), K001 waste, Volatile organic
compounds.
PB89-229587/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3): M.
W. /Manufacturing, PA. (First Remedial Action).
March 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
31 Mar 89, 51 p EPA/ROD/R03-89/067
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The M.W. Manufacturing site is a former copper recov-
ery facility located in Montour County, Pennsylvania,
two miles north of Danville. M.W. Manufacturing were
engaged in secondary copper recovery from scrap
wire, using both mechanical and chemical processes.
Granular carbon wastes generated by the chemicai
process was dumped onsite, and spent solvents and
acids were allegedly disposed of onsite. The initial re-
medial investigation revealed several areas posing po-
tential threats to public health: the carbon waste pile
four wire-fluff waste piles, a surface impoundment
buried lagoon and contaminated soils, drums and stor-
age tanks. The remedial action addresses the con-
cerns for direct contact with and migration to ground
water of contaminants from the carbon waste pile. The
primary contaminants of concern affecting the soil are
VOCs including PCE and TCE; organics including
PCBs; and metals including lead. The selected remedi-
al action for the site includes excavating the carbon
waste pile and transporting the waste offsite to an in-
cinerator facility and disposing of the ash in an offsite
RCRA hazardous waste landfill.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials
'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, Licenses, Public
health, Ground water, Lead(Metal), 'Solid waste man-
agement, 'Superfund program, 'Land reclamation
'Remedial action, 'Montour County(Pennsylvanla)
Environmental research, Volatile organic compounds'
Polychlorinated biphenyls.	'
PB89-229595/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region at:
Wildcat Landfill, DE. (Second Remedial ActtonC
November 1988. Final rept.	"
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
28 Nov 88,30p EPA/ROD/R03-89/065
See also PB89-196752.
The Wildcat Landfill is located 2.5 miles southeast of
Dover in Kent County, Delaware. A 2.7-acre pond,
formed by the landfill blocking natural drainage from
upland areas, is located along the northwestern border
of the site. The landfill was operated as a State-permit-
ted sanitary landfill between 1962 and 1973, accepting
both municipal and industrial wastes. During iS 11
years of operation, the facility routinely violated operat-
ing and other permits issued by the regulatory agen-
cies. In August 1973 the facility was ordered closed bv
the state and the site owners were required to cover
the site with soil and vegetation. EPA began Investigat-
ing the site in 1982. Industrial wastes suspecteoto
have been disposed of onsite Include latex waste and
paint sludges. The primary contaminants of Concern
affecting the sediments and surface water in the pond
are metals including arsenic, chromium and I6ad The
selected remedial action for the site includes: drainina
filling, and revegetating the pond area consistent with
the landfill cover; constructing a new pond elsewhere
on the site; implementing institutional controls for land
use restrictions; and ground water monitoring utnra
dient of the new pond.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveva
Arsenic, Chromium, Licenses, Public health, Wmbt
pollution, Surface wastes, Lead(Metal), 'Superfund
program, 'Solid waste management, 'Remedtal
action, 'Land reclamation, 'Kent County(Delaw«i*L
Environmental research, Environmental monitoring;
PB89-229819/H8U	PC A07/MF a
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Comparison of Bioassays for Assessing Sediment
Toxicity in Puget Sound. (Appendices Included).
Rept. for 1988-89 (Final).
PTI Environmental Services, Bellevue, WA.
R. A. Pastorok, and D. S. Becker. May 89,147p EPA/
910/9-89/004
Contract EPA-68-D8-0085
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seat-
tle, WA. Region X.
The study evaluated the relative performance of sever-
al bioassays used to assess toxicity of Puget Sound
sediments. Selected bioassays were conducted simul-
taneously on the same array of sediment samples, and
direct comparisons were made among the various
tests in relation to specific performance criteria. The
bioassays and toxicity endpoints evaluated included
the following: Amphipod test (Rhepoxynius abronius),
percent mortality and abnormality; Amphipod test (Eo-
naustorius estuarius), percent mortality and abnormali-
ty; Juvenile geoduck (Panope generosa), percent mor-
tality; Juvenile polychaete (Neanthes arenaceoden-
tata), percent mortality and percent reduced biomass;
Echinoderm embryo test (Dendraster excentricus),
percent developmental abnormality and chromosomal
abnormality; Bivalve larvae test (Mytilus edulis, Cras-
sostera gigas), percent abnormal development; Micro-
tox saline and organic extract (Photobacterium phos-
phoreum), percent decrease in luminescence. The 11
evaluation criteria included: dose responsiveness,
sensitivity, statistical power, cost-effectiveness, eco-
logical relevance, ease of use, availability of test orga-
nisms, endpoint reliability, relationship to indigenous
biota, holding constraints, and stage of protocol devel-
opment.
Keywords: 'Puget Sound, 'Sediments, 'Bioassay,
'Marine biology, Contaminants, Comparison, Mortality,
Chemical analysis, 'Toxic substances, 'Water pollu-
tion effects(Animals), Drug dose response relation-
ship.
PC A07/MF A01
Agency, Seattle, WA.
PB8»-22«827/HSU
Environmental Protection
SocKment Quality Values Refinement Volume 2.
		 sound Dredged Dle-
. (Appendices A and
Evaluation of PSDDA (Puget Sc
poMl Analysis) Quality Values. (
B). Final rept. 1986-88.
PTI Environmental Services, Bellevue, WA.
R Barrick, L. Brown, and S. Becker. Sep 88,132p
EPA/910/9-88/247A
Contract EPA-68-01-4341
See also PB89-200398 and PB89-229835. Prepared in
cooperation with Tetra Tech, Inc., Bellevue, WA. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle,
WA. Region X.
The report contains a detailed evaluation of the predic-
tive reliability of dredged material disposal guidelines
developed by the Puget Sound Dredged Disposal
Analysis program. These guidelines were developed
tor use in evaluating the acceptability of dredged mate-
rial for disposal in unconflned, open-water sites in
Puget Sound and Incorporate the following two kinds
of sediment quality values: screening levels (sediment
contamination below screening levels is assumed suit-
able for disposal without confirming biological tests);
and maximum levels (the maximum levels indicate a
level of chemical contamination above which a pre-
ponderance of toxicity information indicates the likeli-
hood of unacceptable adverse biological effects).
Evaluations conducted for the report indicate that cur-
rent PSDDA screening and maximum level values are
generally reliable in predicting adverse biological ef-
fects. Of 201 benthic infauna field samples and 287
amphipod bioassays field samples evaluated, approxi-
mately 93 percent are in accordance with the predic-
tions of PSDDA values (i.e., they do not exhibit ad-
verse effects at chemical concentrations below the
screening levels and do exhibit adverse effects at con-
centrations above the maximum levels.)
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Sediments,
'ktarine biology, 'Water pollution, 'Puget Sound,
Standards, Tests, Oysters, Bioassay, Environmental
impacts, Tables(Data), Chemicals, Water pollution
ettect»(Animal8), Biolndicators.
PSM-22M3S/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
RegionX.
Sediment Quality Values Refinement Volume 2.
Data Appendices. Evaluation of PSDDA (Puget
Sound Dredged Disposal Analysis) Sediment
Quality Values. Final rept.
PTI Environmental Services, Bellevue, WA.
Sep 88,228p EPA/910/9-88/247B
See also PB89-229827. Prepared in cooperation with
Tetra Tech, Inc., Bellevue, WA. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA. Region X.
The report includes tables on: Chemicals exceeding
Puget Sound Dredged Disposal Analysis (PSDDA)
maximum or screening levels; Samples not exceeding
either PSDDA maximum or screening level; Samples
exceeding either PSDDA maximum or screening level;
and a Summary of comparisons to PSDDA maximum
and screening levels for eleven Puget Sound surveys
(including Elliott Bay, Eagle Harbor, and Everett
Harbor.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Sediments, 'Water
pollution, 'Puget Sound, Standards, Organic com-
pounds, Aromatic Polycyclic hydrocarbons, Metals,
Surveys, Tables(Data), Dredge spoil, Listings, 'Chemi-
cals.
PB89-229843/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy Analysis.
Feasibility and Cost-Effectiveness of Controlling
Emissions from Diesel Engines In Rail, Marine,
Construction, Farm, and Other Mobile Off-HIgh-
way Equipment Final rept.
Radian Corp., Sacramento, CA.
C. S. Weaver. Feb 88,146p DCN-87-258-012-25-02
Contract EPA-68-01 -7288
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Policy Analysis.
Diesel engines In off-highway vehicles and other off-
highway mobile equipment, while less numerous than
those in highway trucks and buses, are still significant
contributors to oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particu-
late inventories in many urban areas. Tnese engines
are presently exempt from any emissions control re-
quirements. Consequently, they produce far more pol-
lution per unit of fuel input or work output than the oth-
erwise similar emission-controlled engines used in on-
hlghway vehicles. The recent promulgation of stringent
NOx and particulate emission standards for diesel en-
gines in on-highway vehicles has drawn attention to
diesel emissions in general, and has raised the ques-
tion of whether similar emissions standards might be
appropriate for off-highway diesel engines.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Exhaust emissions,
Feasibility, Cost effectiveness, Marine engines, Con-
struction equipment, Railroad trains, Agricultural ma-
chinery, Standards, Particles, Refrigerating machinery,
Trucks, 'Diesel engine exhaust, 'Heavy duty vehicles,
Pollution regulations
PB89-230106/H8U	PC A24/MF A01
Programmer's Quid* to MOBILE4 (Mobile Source
Emission Factor Modal). Technical rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Jul 89,569p EPA/AA/TEB-89/02
See also PB89-164271.
The programmer's guide for the MOBILE4 mobile
source emission factor model contains a listing of the
program source code, a structure chart a module dic-
tionary, an execution summary, and discussions of
porting of the MOBILE4 program to microcomputers
and of potential program modnlcations.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Motor vehicles, Pro-
gramming manuals, Air pollution, Hydrocarbons,
Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Computer pro-
grams, 'Computer applications, MOBILE4 computer
program, Emission factors, Personal computers.
PB89-2306M/H8U	PC A1S/MF A01
Measurements of Particulates, Metals, and Organ-
lea at a Hazardous Waste Incinerator. Draft rept
(Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
S. Garg. Nov 88,328p EPA/530/SW-89/067
The EPA's Office of Solid Waste is developing amend-
ments to regulations for hazardous waste incmerators.
OSW, is gathering additional data relative to these
amendments. Several issues arose during develop-
ment of the amended regulations that required this
data gathering. The issues related to control device ef-
ficiency for particulate and toxic metals and to the use
of total hydrocarbon monitors to measure organic
emissions. The report describes the field tests at a
hazardous waste incinerator that is part of this data-
gathering effort. The types of data collected during this
test are particulate emissions, particle size, selected
toxic metals emissions and their control device effi-
ciency, and organic emissions.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'Incinerators, 'Air pollution, 'Toxicity, Monitoring,
Hydrocarbons, Particle size, Metals, Air pollution con-
trol, Particulates.
PB89-230676/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Derivation of Technology Specific Effects of the
Use of Oxygenated Fuel Blends on Motor Vehicle
Exhaust Emissions. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Oct 88,39p* EPA/AA/TSS/PA-88/1
The report is a supporting document to the report,
'Guidance on estimating motor vehicle emission re-
ductions from the use of alternative fuels and fuel
blends.' It presents the data and calculations which
were used to estimate the effects of gasoline/oxygen-
ate fuel blends on vehicle exhaust emissions. Data
were gathered from several studies of fuel blends, and
include tests of blends with methanol, ethanol, tert-
butyl alcohol, and MTBE. Effects are calculated sepa-
rately for vehicles with different emission control tech-
nology. The report discusses exhaust emissions of hy-
drocarbons, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Air pollution abate-
ment, 'Air pollution control, 'Motor vehicles, Oxygen
organic compounds, Blends, Hydrocarbons, Carbon
monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, State government, Butan-
ols, Local government, Sources, Data processing,
Methyl alcohol, Ethanols, 'Alternative fuels, 'Gasohol.
Technology utilization.
PB89-230692/HSU
PC A03/MF A01
Cold Starting a Neat Methanol (Ml00) Vehicle with
Long Duration Spark Ignition. Technical rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology and Applications Branch.
R. I. Bruetsch. Jun 89,24p EPA/AA/CTAB-89/05
A test program was devised at EPA's Motor Vehicle
Emission Laboratory to evaluate the Nissan long dura-
tion spark ignition (LDSI) system on an M10O test vehi-
cle to determine whether cold starting neat methanol
at low ambient temperatures can be improved. Modifi-
cations were made to the vehicle's ignition system and
stock cold start injectors were utilized. Successful cold
starts were obtained down to 20 F.
Keywords: 'Automotive fuels, 'Automobile engines,
'Exhaust gases, 'Starting, Fuel injectors, Automo-
biles, Environmental impacts, Spark ignition, Spark ig-
nition engines, Air pollution, Test facilities, 'Methanol
fuels.
PB89-230700/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
MOBILE4 Oxygenated Fuels Version User's Guide.
Technical rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technical Support Staff.
E. L. Glover. Aug 89,8p* EPA/AA/TSS/IM-89/1
See also PB88-169594.
The document briefly describes changes made to the
standard MOBILE4 emission factors program to create
a special version which facilities modeling the effect of
the use of oxygenated fuel on carbon monoxide (CO)
emissions from mobile sources. The document also
explains the changes made to the,M0BILE4 input and
output formats to allow user input of oxygenated fuel
use. Finally, examples of input and output files for the
model are provided.
Keywords: 'Carbon monoxide, 'Exhaust emissions,
*Ajr pollution abatement 'Air pollution control, Motor
vehicles, Blends, Oxygen organic compounds. Methyl
alcohol, Ethanols, Computer programs, State govern-
ment Local government 'Gasohol, 'Alternative fuels,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
•Emission factors, 'MOBILE4 computer program,
'User manuals(Computer programs), Reid formula.
PB89-230809/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA. Office of
Research and Development.
Effects of Humlc Substances on Metal Speclatlon.
Georgia Inst, of Tech., Atlanta. School of Geophysical
Sciences
E. M. Perdue. C1989,17p EPA/600/D-89/048
Pub. in Aquatic Humic Substances: Influence on Fate
and Treatment of Pollutants, Chapter 19, n 219 p281-
295 1989. See also PB88-133632. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., Athens, GA. Office of Re-
search and Development.
The heterogeneity of ligands in a humic substance not
only complicates the mathematical description of equi-
librium data but also makes the complexation capacity
of humic substances almost impossible to determine
accurately. Complexation capacities (meq/g) of humic
substances are widely reported to vary with pH, ionic
strength, concentration of the humic substances used
in the measurement, and nature of the metal being
studied. By analogy with the behavior of a simple
ligand (citrate), the chapter demonstrates that the re-
ported effect of humic-substance concentration on
complexation capacity is probably an artifact and that
other experimental parameters affect conditional con-
centration quotients for metal complexation reactions.
These effects create the illusion that complexation ca-
pacity is a function of pH, ionic strength, and nature of
the added metal ion.
Keywords: 'Metals, "Humic acids, 'Aquatic biology,
•Water treatment, Complex ions, Variations, pH, Co-
agulation, Flocculating, Removal, Water pollution, Tox-
icity, Chemical reactions, Concentration(Composition),
Ligands, Simulation, Graphs(Charts), Reprints, Heavy
metals, Metal speciation.
PB89-231526/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Enclosed Aquatic Multlspecles Test System for
Testing Microbial Pest Control Agents with Non-
Target Species.
Arizona Univ., Tucson. Environmental Research Lab.
D. V. Lightner, R. B. Thurman, and B. Trumper. Jun 89,
61 p EPA/600/4-89/027
Grant EPA-R-814175
Prepared in cooperation with Aquinas Coll., Adelaide
(Australia). Sponsored by Environmental Research
Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
An enclosed test system was developed in which mul-
tiple species of aquatic animals and plants were tested
experimentally lor adverse non-target effects of wild-
type and genetically altered microbial pest control
agents (MPCAs). Four different types of model MPCAs
were tested in the multispecies system. These includ-
ed two different strains of the mosquito pathogen Ba-
cillus sphaericus, a strain of Pseudomonas putida
(used as a model for the genus), and the insect baculo-
virus AcMNPV. The fate, persistence, and infectivity of
these model MPCAs were evaluated using traditional
microbiological and histological methods, as well as
specific microbiological assays for model MPCAs that
were altered by addition of a unique genetic marker.
For two of the model MPCAs, gene probes were used
as a detection method to track the MPCA in the test
system water and NTOs.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Aquatic animals, 'Aquatic
plants, Aquatic microbiology, Histological techniques,
Models, Water pollution effects(Animals), Bacillus
sphaericus, Pseudomonas putida, DNA probes.
PB89-233423/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.	.....
Shlrco Infrared Incineration System: Applications
S^soredbyEnvironmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The document is an evaluation of the Shirco Infrared
Thermal Destruction Technology and its aPP'lc®J?'j'|y
as an on-site treatment method for waste site clean-
unsA Superfund Innovative Technical Evaluation was
conductedon a 100-ton per day unit dunng a removal
action at Brandon Florida. Also, a pilot-scale unit, 1 -ton
per day unit was demonstrated at the Demode Road
Superfund site in Rose Township Michigan. Operation-
al data and sampling analysis were carefully monitored
to determine the technology's suitability for use in
clean-up of waste materials at other sites. The unit,
generally speaking, can decontaminate organic con-
taminants, retain metals in the ash, require feed prepa-
ration, and meet applicable incinerator performance
standards.
Keywords: 'Incinerators, 'Infrared heating, 'Waste
disposal, Sites, Performance standards, Organic com-
pounds, Economic analysis, Design criteria, Compari-
son, Ashes, 'Superfund program, Furans, Dioxins, Pol-
ychlorinated biphenyls, Technology utilization, Case
studies, Heavy metals.
PB89-233431/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund: Getting Into the Act: Contracting and
Subcontracting Opportunities In the Superfund
Program.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Apr 89,65p EPA/540/G-89/003A, OSWER
DIRECTIVE-9200.5-402
The publication is intended to assist those interest in
providing contractual services to the Superfund pro-
gram. 'Superfund: Getting Into The Act' describes cur-
rent Superfund contracts and provides contact points,
addresses, and telephone numbers for firms with Su-
perfund contracts. Where appropriate, direct contract-
ing and subcontracting opportunities have been identi-
fied.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
'Pollution control, Contract administration, Business-
es, Contracts, Services, 'Superfund, Subcontracting,
Listings, Remedial response.
PB89-233449/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Observational Study of Final Cleaning and AHERA
(Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act)
Clearance Sampling at Asbestos-Abatement Sites
In New Jersey. Rept. for Jan 88-Jun 89.
PEI Associates, inc., Cincinnati, OH.
J. R. Kominsky, R. W. Freyberg, J. A. Brownlee, J. H.
Lucas, and D. R. Gerber. Aug 89,203p EPA/600/2-
89/047
Contract EPA-68-03-4006
See also PB89-118392. Prepared in cooperation with
New Jersey State Dept. of Health, Trenton. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
A study was conducted during the summer of 1988 to
document final cleaning procedures and evaluate As-
bestos Hazard Emergency Response Act (AHERA)
clearance air-sampling practices used at 20 asbestos-
abatement sites in New Jersey. Each abatement took
place in a school building and involved removal of sur-
facing material, thermal system insulation, or suspend-
ed ceiling tiles. Final cleaning practices tend to be simi-
lar among abatement contractors. Meticulous atten-
tion to detail in cleaning practices is important to a suc-
cessful final cleaning. Sites passing a stringent 'no-
dust' criterion of a thorough visual inspection are more
likely to pass the AHERA transmission electron mi-
croscopy clearance test. AHERA sampling and analyti-
cal requirements and recommendations are not com-
pletely understood and followed by consultants con-
ducting clearance air monitoring. Matrices are provid-
ed that cross-reference case nistoiy information on
final cleaning procedures, visual inspections, and
AHERA clearance practices at these sites.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'School buildings, 'Air pollution
abatement, 'Site surveys, Chemical analysis, New
Jersey, Design, Quality assurance, Ventilation, Elec-
tron microscopy, Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data),
'Cleanup operations, 'On-site inspections, Air pollu-
tion sampling, Air pollution detection, 'Indoor air pollu-
tion, Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act, High
efficiency particulate air filters.
PB89-233456/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Interim Protocol for Testing the Effects of Micro-
bial Pathogens on Lepldoptera.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. Miller, and B. Lighthart. Aug 89,12p EPA/600/3-89/
069
Prepared in cooperation with Oregon State Univ., Cor-
vallis.
The protocol outlines methods for laboratory tests on
the effects of Microbial Pest Control Agents on Lepi-
doptera. It will attempt to cover the mode of action of
agents like viruses, bacteria, and fungi in addition to
preparations of naturally produced toxins like those of
Bacillus thuringiensis. Three methods will be used to
introduce the agent: contact toxicity, topical applica-
tion, and ingestion. In keeping with the recommenda-
tions of the International Organization for Biological
Control (IOBC), the susceptibility testing will not only
evaluate the immediate effects caused by contact, re-
sidual, or food-chain mediated mortality but also em-
phasize assessing the influence on reproduction, de-
velopment, and survival.
Keywords: 'Lepidoptera, Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi,
Toxicity, Ingestion(Biology), Tolerances(Physiology),
Tests, Reproduction(Biology), Development, Survival,
'Pathogens, 'Protocols, Bacillus thuringiensis.
PB89-233464/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Re-Examination of Interim Estimates of Annual
Sulfur Dry Deposition Across the Eastern United
States. Final rept. 1988-89.
Analytical Sciences, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
T. L. Clark, R. L. Dennis, and S. K. Seilkop. Jun 89,42p
EPA/600/4-89/026
Contract EPA-68-03-3439
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
During the summer of 1987 annual amounts of sulfur
dry deposition were first estimated for more than 7,000
lakes in the northeastern United States. These esti-
mates, heretofore termed interim estimates since they
were expected to be superceded in the near future,
were derived from predictions of the Regional Acid
Deposition Model (RADM) adjusted using the empirical
data from two monitoring networks. In the report the
authors compare the dry deposition predictions from
the three models (RADM, RELMAP and ASTRAP) to
the available empirically-derived estimates to ascer-
tain which of these models most accurately represents
the spatial pattern of sulfur dry deposition. Using one
of these models in conjunction with the available data,
they then recommend systematic revisions to the inter-
im estimates. The uncertainty and bias In these revised
estimates are characterized relative to Interannual var-
iability in the empirically-estimated amounts of sulfur
dry deposition, and distance of sites from the emission
source regions.
Keywords: 'Sulfur, 'Mathematical models, 'Air water
interactions, 'Air pollution, Comparison, Deposition,
Lakes, Water pollution. Regional analysis, Sulfur diox-
ide, Spatial distribution, Error analysis, 'Eastern
Region(United States), 'Dry methods, 'Annual vari-
ations.
PB89-233472/HSU	PC M4/MF A01
Predicting the Inactlvation of Qlardla Lamblla: A
Mathematical and Statistical Model.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research Div.
R. M. Clark, D. A. Black, S. H. Pien, and E. J. Read.
Aug 89,53p EPA/600/2-89/046
Prepared In cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas, and Computer Sciences Corp., Cincinnati, OH.
The 1986 Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act
(SDWA) require EPA to promulgate primary Drinking
Water Regulations (a) specifying criteria under which
filtration would be required, (b) requiring disinfection as
a treatment technique for all public water systems, and
(c) establishing maximum contaminant levels (MCLs)
or treatment requirements for control of Giardia lamb-
lia viruses, Legionella, heterotrophic plate count, bac-
teria, and turbidity. Giardia lambHa is one of the most
resistant organisms to disinfection by chlorine found In
water and therefore the Surface Water Treatment Rule
specifies 'C times t' (the product as concentration of
disinfectant with mg/L and disinfectant contact time in
minutes) for 99.9% inactlvation of Giardia cysts. Manv
factors influence Giardia lamblia reaction kinetics In-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
eluding temperature, pH, chlorine concentration and
inactivatlon level. The paper develops a model to de-
scribe these interactions and to predict C times t
values based on specific model inputs. A strategy is
proposed that uses the model to provide conservative
C times t values for regulatory purposes.
Keywords: "Water treatment, 'Potable water, Disin-
fectants, Mathematical models, Kinetics, Forecasting,
Turbidity, Time measurement, 'Legionella, 'Giardia
lamblia.
PB89-233480/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Technical Guidance Document: Final Covers on
Hazardous Waste Landfill* and Surface Impound-
ment*. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Jul 89, 54p EPA/530/SW-89/047
The document recommends and describes a design
for landfill covers that will meet the requirements of
RCRA regulations. It is a multilayered system consist-
ing, from the top down, of: a top layer of at least 60 cm
of soil, either vegetated or armored at the surface; a
granular or geosynthetic drainage layer with a hydrau-
lic transmissivity no less than 0.00003 sq cm/sec: and
a two-component low permeability layer comprised of
(1) a flexible membrane liner installed directly on (2) a
compacted soil component with an hydraulic conduc-
tivity no greater than 1 x 10 to the minus 7th power
cm/sec.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Earth fills, 'Waste
disposal, Regulations, Design criteria, Soils, Vegeta-
tion, Drainage, Layers, Granular materials, Covenngs,
Membranes, Hydraulics, Fluid flow, Transmission, Per-
meability, Barriers, Vents, Gases.
PB89-233498/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Sulfur Oxide* Eml**lon* from Fluid Catalytic
Cracking Unit Regenerators: Background Infor-
mation for Promulgated Standards. Environmental
impact statement (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
J. R. Farmer. Apr 89,157p EPA/450/3-82/013B
Standards of performance to control emissions of
sulfur oxides (SOx) from new, modified, and recon-
structed fluid catalytic cracking unit regenerators are
being promulgated under Section 111 of the Clean Air
Act. The document contains a summary of public com-
ments, EPA responses, and a discussion of differ-
ences between the proposed and promulgated stand-
ard.
Keywords: 'Fleflneries, 'Industrial wastes, 'Sulfur
oxides, *Air pollution control equipment, 'Catalytic
cracking, Performance standards, Revisions, Design
Criteria, Public opinion, Petroleum products, Scrub-
bers, Cost analysis, Fluidizing, 'Environmental impact
statements-Final, Energy consumption, Air quality,
Clean Air Act, Compliance, Economic Impact.
PB89-233606/H3U	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Air Quality Simulation Model Performance for
One-Hour Average*.
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
Q. E. Moore, T. E. Stoeckenlus, S. Hanna, and D.
Strimitas. Aug 89,150p EPA/600/3-89/071
Contract EPA-68-02-4352
Prepared in cooperation with Sigma Research Corp.,
Lexington, MA. Sponsored by Environmental Sciences
Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
If a one-hour standard for sulfur dioxide were promul-
gated, air quality dispersion modeling in the vicinity of
major point sources would be an important air quality
management tool. It Is questioned whether currently
available dispersion models would be suitable for use
in demonstrating attainment of such a standard in the
vicinity of large, elevated, buoyant point sources such
as utility power plants. The results summarized in the
report suggest that using these models in connection
with an hourly average standard does not present the
regulatory community with any significant additional
uncertainties that are not already being dealt with in
connection with the current 3- and 24-hour standards.
This review of the results of model evaluation studies
was restricted to some fairly simple analyses. Addition-
al analyses are recommended. Recommendations to
improve model formulations are made regarding the
treatment of plume behavior in the vicinity of the
mixing height and the simulation of plume dispersion
within the mixed layer during corrective conditions.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Sulfur dioxide,
'Atmospheric diffusion, 'Air pollution, 'Time studies,
Performance evaluation, Plumes, Data processing,
Concentration(Composition), Standards, Meteorology,
Electric power plants, 'Air quality, 'Point sources, 'En-
vironment management.
PB89-233514/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Proceedings: US/FRG (Federal Republic of Ger-
many) Workshop on Photochemical Ozone Prob-
lem and Its Control: US Experiences and the Situ-
ation in Europe.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment l_3b
K. Becker, K. Demerjian, H. Jeffries, and U. Schurath.
Mar 89,79p EPA/600/9-89/058
Proceedings of a Workshop held in Cologne, (Federal
Republic of Germany) on May 4-6, 1988. Prepared in
cooperation with Umweltbundesamt, Berlin (Germany,
F.R.).
Concern for the photochemical ozone problems in the
US and Europe led the US and FRG Governments to
organize and conduct the subject workshop in May
1988, in Cologne, FRG, to review the magnitude of the
problem, underlying science, and outstanding techni-
cal issues. Discussions focused on the pervasiveness,
cause/effect, and control aspects of the problem.
Issues and information gaps were identified in the at-
mospheric chemistry and transport and ozone model-
ing areas, and recommendations for future research
activities were formulated including one for a 2nd
workshop to be conducted in the US.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Photochemical reactions,
'Ozone, 'United States, 'Europe, 'Air pollution, Tro-
posphere, Atmospheric composition, Mathematical
models, Air pollution control, Greenhouse effect. Fore-
casting, Trends, Meteorology, Ozone layer, Air quality,
Emission factors, Acid rain, Atmospheric chemistry, Bi-
ological effects.
PB89-233522/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Sampling Frequency for Ground-Water Quality
Monitoring. Final rept. May 85-May 89.
Illinois State Water Survey Div„ Champaign.
M. J. Barcelona, H. A. Wehrmann, M. R. Schock, M. E.
Sievers, and J. R. Karny. Aug 89,203p EPA/600/4-
89/032
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The project was initiated to collect a benchmark water-
quality dataset and evaluate methods to optimize sam-
pling frequency as a network design variable. Ground
water was collected biweekly for 18 months from
twelve wells at two sites in a shallow sand and gravel
aquifer in Illinois. Sampling and analyses were con-
ducted for twenty-six water quality and geochemical
constituents with careful quality control measures to
allow statistical analysis of variability in ground-water
quality data. The results demonstrate that natural vari-
ability over time can exceed the variability Introduced
into the data from sampling and analysis procedures.
Analysis of data collected during the project suggests
that the collection of a long-term dataset is necessary
to determine optimal sampling frequency and to identi-
fy seasonal trends in ground-water monitoring results.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Water pollution sampling,
'water wells, Aquifers, Water pollution control, Geo-
chemistry, Statistical analysis, Variability, Optimization,
Networks, Variance(Statistics), Design, Sites, Season-
al variations, Periodic variations, Tables(Data), 'Water
quality data.
PB89-233S48/HSU	PC A19/MF AOt
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Progress Toward Implementing Superfund Fiscal
Year 1987. Report to Congress (Final).
ICF, Inc., Washington, DC.
Apr 89,439p* EPA/540/8-89/003
Contract EPA-68-01 -7389
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response.
The report summarizes progress made by EPA in im-
plementing the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA or
Superfund) of 1980, as amended by the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) of
1986. The report is required by CERCLA section
301(h)(1), Section 105(f) and Section 121(c). It in-
cludes information on resources, accomplishments,
contracts, management initiatives, and waste treat-
ment technology.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'National govern-
ment, 'Waste disposal, Law enforcement, Guidelines,
Local government, Management planning, 'Superfund
program, 'Pollution regulations, 'State implementa-
tion plans, 'US EPA, Waste management, Technology
utilization, Remedial action.
PB69-233894/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Tyson's Dump, PA. (First Remedial Action), March
1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
31 Mar 88,71p EPA/ROD/R03-88/045
See also PB85-213858.
Tyson's Dump, a 4-acre abandoned septic and chemi-
cal waste disposal site, is located in Upper Merfon
Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. Several
formerly unlinedlagoons were used to store various in-
dustrial, municipal, and chemical wastes. Spills and
overflows reportedly occurred during the period of op-
eration, thus allowing for the dispersal of wastes
throughout the site. Surface water runoff and seeps
contributed to offsite migration of the wastes toward
the Schuylkill River. Immediate removal measures
were initiated in January 1983. In December 1984,
EPA issued an operable unit ROD for the onsite area.
Remedial actions selected in the ROD include: exca-
vation and offsite disposal of contaminated soils and
sediments: and upgrading the existing air strips to treat
leachate, shallow ground water, and surface run-on. In
the fall of 1985, Ciba-Geigy Corporation (CGC) agreed
to conduct a further investigation of the offsite area. In
November 1986, CGC initiated an onsite pilot study
using an innovative vacuum extraction technology
process. In June and July 1987, four responsible par-
ties, CGC, Smith-Kline Beckman, Wyeth Laboratories,
and Essex Group submitted an alternative proposal to
EPA for the first operable unit cleanup.
Keywords: 'Sites, 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal,
i(Ponds), Ground water,
Monitoring, Contamination, Waste treatment, Water
wells, Industrial wastes, Vaporizing, Organic com-
pounds, Vacuum pumps, Removal, Benzene, Soils,
Cost estimates, Record of Decision, 'Superfund, Re-
medial action, Montgomery County(Pennsylvania).
PBS9-234959/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Statistical Policy Branch.
Methods for Evaluating the Attainment of Cleanup
Standards. Volume 1. Soils and Solid Media.
Westat Research, Inc., Rockville, MD.
D. Lipsky, W. Tusa, R. Dorrier, B. Johnson, and M.
Gardner. Feb 88,264p EPA/230/02-89/042
Contract EPA-68-01 -7359
Prepared in cooperation with Dynamac Corp., Rock-
ville, MD., and SRA Technologies, Inc., Alexandria, VA.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Statistical Policy Branch.
The document provides regional project managers,
onsite coordinators, and their contractors with sam-
pling and analysis methods for evaluating whether a
soils remediation effort has been successful. The veri-
fication of cleanup by evaluating a site relative to a
cleanup standard or applicable and relevant or appro-
priate requirement (ARAR) is discussed In section 121
of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization
Act (SARA). In section 121 of SARA the 'attainment' of
cleanup standards and ARARs is mentioned repeated-
ly. The manual, the first in a series, provides a techni-
cal interpretation of what sampling and data analysis
methods are acceptable for verifying 'attainment' of a
cleanup standard in soils and solid media.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Soils, 'Standards, 'Water
pollution control, 'Waste treatment, Manuals, Statisti-
cal analysis, Incinerators, Decision making, Risk, Cap-
ping, Removal, Concentration(Composition), Sam-
pling, Superfund, Cleanups, Remedial Action.
PB89-235089/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pharmacokinetlcally Based Risk Assessment of
Workplace Exposure to Benzene. (Journal Ver-
sion). Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
R. P. Beliles, and L. C. Totman. c1989,12p EPA/600/
J-89/005
Pub. in Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 9,
p186-195 1989. Prepared in cooperation with George
Washington Univ. Medical Center, Washington, DC.
Cancer risk from exposure to benzene for a working
lifetime was estimated from data obtained in studies
with rodents. Cancers of the Zymbal gland and the
blood-forming system were selected as endpoints for
the assessment because of their consistent occur-
rence. The combined metabolites were judged from
toxicological data to be the best representative of the
reactive agent. Because of similarity in the percent-
ages of lifetime exposed in the rodent studies and in
the occupational setting, the amount metabolized/day
as a result of exposures 5 days a week for a lifetime
was judged to be an appropriate dose paradigm for
this assessment. Derived Michaelis-Menton constants
were used to convert the doses of combined metabo-
lites from the pharmacokinetic studies to the doses
used in the bioassays. Scaling across species was
based on allometric relationships. Experimental data
were used to scale doses across species with body
weight ratios raised to the exponents of 0.74 for the in-
halation route and 1.0 for the oral route. The occupa-
tional lifetime cancer risk estimated from rodent data
was 6 to 14 cases/1000 workers, which is consistent
with the 9.5 to 174 leukemia cases/1000 estimated by
others from epidemiological data. (Copyright 1989 by
Academic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: "Benzene, 'Industrial atmospheres, 'Risk,
'Toxicity, Rodents, Malignant neoplasms, Bioassay,
Dosage, Metabolism, Exposure, 'Pharmacokinetics,
Occupational health and safety, Animal disease
models.
PB89-235121/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheets Number 205: Sullluramld.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
23 Mar 89,6p EPA/540/FS-89/060
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred: Issuance or reissuance
of a registration standard, issuance of each special
review document, registration of a significantly
changed use pattern, registration ol a new chemical,
or an immediate need for information to resolve con-
troversial issues relating to a specific chemical or use
pattern.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Pesticides, Chemical prop-
erties, Toxicity, Laboratory animals, Pest control, Rats,
'Sulfluramid, 'Biological accumulation, Octane sulfon-
amide/N-ethyl-fluoro, US EPA, Pollution regulations,
CAS 4151-50-2, Ecological concentration, Chemical
information fact sheet.
PB89-235212/HSU	Pc A21/MF AOI
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
lakes once every month from May thru October and
ambient lake data, collected by IEPA staff, is present-
ed for five lakes.
Keywords: 'Lakes, 'Water pollution, Monitoring, Citi-
zen participation, Depth, Transparence, Field tests,
Turbidity, Ranking, Seasonal variations, Trophic level,
Volunteers.
PB89-235972/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Summary of Annual Report* on Hazardous Waste
for 1984 through 1987: Generation, Treatment,
Storage and Disposal.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Land Pollution Control.
H. A. Wright, E. P. Theios, and H. Chappel. Dec 88,
73p* IEPA/LPC-89/011
See also report for 1983-86, PB88-174362.
The report is a product of Illinois' Annual Report re-
quirements for reporting years 1984 through 1987, for
hazardous waste as defined under the Resource Con-
servation Recovery Act (RCRA) and the comparable Il-
linois regulations. Several comprehensive tables are
included: (A) listing by RCRA Hazardous Waste
Number of the volume of waste shipped off-site by Illi-
nois generators and the amount of waste stored, treat-
ed, or disposed by Illinois facilities: (B) listings by
RCRA Hazardous Waste Number of the volume of
waste handled on-site and off-site by treatment sites,
landfills, incinerators, injection wells, surface impound-
ments and treatment/recycling: (C) listing by Illinois
county of the volume of waste shipped off-site and of
the volumes treated, stored, or disposed by on-site
generators and by off-site facilities: (D) listing by the
various states regarding waste imported into Illinois
and exported from Illinois; (E) lists of companies who
reported handling over 1 million gallons of waste in
1987.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial waste
treatment, 'Illinois, Waste disposal, Regulations,
Volume, Sites, Imports, Exports, Storage, State gov-
ernment, Tables(Data).
PB8S-236285/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
UM of Batch Testa a* a Screening Tool for Radio-
nuclide Sorption Characterization Studies, Han-
ford, Washington, U.S.A. Journal article.
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
R W. Puis, L. L. Ames, and J. E. McGarrah. c1989,17p
EPA/600/J-89/018
Pub. in Applied Geochemistry, v4 p63-77, 1989. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Battelle Pacific Northwest
Labs., Richland, WA.
The U.S. Department of Energy was studying the feasi-
bility of locating a high level radioactive waste reposi-
tory in basalt at the Hanford site in south central Wash-
ington. This is a saturated site where ground water
transport of radionuclides away from a repository is the
mechanism for release to the accessible environment.
Sorption is defined here as the predominant means by
which the movement of radionuclides are retarded in a
ground water flow system. This work presents prelimi-
nary laboratory batch testing results. An anoxic experi-
mental approach was used with basalt flow top core
samples recovered from depths of 915 m (3000 ft)
below the earth surface. The kinetics of sorption were
relatively slow and increased in the order U
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Grants EPA-R-809478, NSF-CHE78-26160
Pub. in Inorganic Chemistry, v28 n3 p488-491 1989.
Prepared in cooperation with Montana State Univ.,
Bozeman, Dept. of Chemistry. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN., and National Sci-
ence Foundation, Washington, DC.
The cobalt-59 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra
and longitudinal relaxation times have been studied for
tris(acetylacetonato)cobalt(lll) complexes with chlo-
ride, bromide, and iodide substitution at the methine
carbon atom of the chelate ring. The cobalt-59 chemi-
cal shift is sufficiently sensitive to this remote substitu-
tion that cobalt-59 resonances are well resolved for
each complex in a series of monohalo-, dihalo-, and tri-
halo-substituted complexes. The chemical shift is not
linearly dependent on substitution. For the more elec-
tronegative halides, chlorine and bromine, static elec-
tric field gradient effects can be observed in the mixed-
ligand complexes, but these effects amount to less
than 10% of the observed relaxation rate. Through
comparison of carbon-13 and cobalt-59 relaxation
times it appears that in the solvents benzene, diglyme,
and acetone, the cobalt-59 relaxation is a conse-
quence of rotational reorientation, but for the solvent
chloroform the cobalt-59 relaxation is different. Sever-
al possible explanations for this observation are con-
sidered. (Copyright (c) 1989 by the American Chemical
Society and reprinted by permission of the copyright
owner.)
Keywords: "Cobalt isotopes, "Nuclear magnetic reso-
nance, Relaxation time, Cobalt halides, Electrostatics,
Ligands, Temperature, Chelates.
PB89-236350/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Adaptation of Aquifer Microbial Communities to
the Blodegradatlon of Xenoblotlc Compounds: In-
fluence of Substrate Concentration and Preexpo-
sure. Journal article.
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
C. M. Aelion, D. C. Dobbins, and F. K. Pfaender. c1989,
14p EPA/600/J-89/011
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v8
n1 p75-86, Jan 89. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
Studies were conducted to examine the adaptation re-
sponse of aquifer microbial communities to xenobiotic
compounds and the influence of chemical preexpo-
sure in the laboratory and in situ on adaptation. Adap-
tation and biodegradation were assessed as mineral-
ization and cellular incorporation of (14)C-radiola-
belled substrates. For some compounds, such as eth-
ylene dibromode, aniline and m-nitrophenol, biodegra-
dation and adaptation rates were not influenced by
chemical concentration over the range tested. Biode-
gradation rates increased with concentration for p-
chlorophenol, and a gradient of adaptation and biode-
gradation responses was observed for p-nitrophenol
up to a threshold concentration. Acclimation to labora-
tory conditions decreased but did not eliminate the ad-
aptation period to p-nitrophenol. Laboratory adapta-
tion studies and examination of uncontaminated and
contaminated field samples from a single aquifer indi-
cated that adaptation was accompanied by shifts in
the metabolic fate of the substrate. The results indi-
cate that the adaptation response in aquifer solids is
due to a complex set of interactions that are influenced
by the physiology and growth of the degrading popula-
tions. (Copyright (c) 1989 SET AC.)
Keywords: "Aquifers, "Biodeterioration, "Water pollu-
tion, Aquatic microbiology, Adaptation, Nitrophenols,
Substrates, Minerals, Kinetics, Anilines, Brominated
hydrocarbons, "Xenobiotics, Environmental fate,
Chlorophenols.
PB89-236368/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Enhancement of Reactivity in Surfactant-Modified
Sorbents for Sulfur Dioxide Control. Journal article
Oct 87-Mar 88.
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
D A. Kirchgessner, andW. Jozewicz. c1989, 8pEPA/
600/J-89/010
p°btr^' fnduslrial 2a4nd° Engineering Chemistry Re-
search? v28 n4 p413-418, Apr 89. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Injection of calcium-based sorbents into the postflame
zone of utility boilers is capable of achieving sulfur di-
oxide (S02) captures of 50-60% at a stoichiometry of
2. Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) appears to be the
most effective commercially available sorbent. Recent
attempts to modify Ca(OH)2 by adding calcium ligno-
sulfonate with the water of hydration have succeeded
in enhancing its effectiveness. The particle size reduc-
tion, which in some applications accompanies lignosul-
fonate addition, does not appear to be a prerequisite
for increased S02 capture. Similarly, the accelerated
rate of dehydration observed in modified hydroxides
does not appear to be an important mechanism in the
enhancement. The primary cause of increased reactiv-
ity in modified sorbents is the ability of calcium ligno-
sulfonate to retard the rate of sintering and thus to
retain pore volume and reactive surface area. (Copy-
right (c) The American Chemical Society, 1989.)
Keywords: Air pollution control,'Sulfur dioxide, *Sor-
bents"Calcium oxides, "Surfactants, Injection, Calci-
um hydroxides, Performance evaluation, Particle size,
Sintering, Boilers, Reprints, "Limestone injection,
"Calcium lignosulfonate.
PB89-236376/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Calcium Oxide Sintering in Atmospheres Contain-
ing Water and Carbon Dioxide. Journal article Oct
86-Sep 87.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
R. H. Borgwardt. c1989,10p EPA/600/J-69/009
Pub. in Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., v28 n4 p493-500, Apr
89.
The paper gives results of measurements of the ef-
fects of water vapor and C02 on the sintering rate of
nascent CaO, as a function of partial pressure and
temperature using CaO prepared by rapid decomposi-
tion of CaC03 and CA(OH)2. Each gas strongly cata-
lyzed the sintering process and their combined effects
were additive. A model formulated by R. M. German
and Z. A. Munir in 1976, which describes surface area
reduction by a single mechanism, is empirically modi-
fied to account for catalytic effects of the gas phase.
Although multiple sintering mechanisms are apparent-
ly operative in the presence of C02 and/or H20, the
empirical model correlates isothermal surface area re-
duction as a function of time over the temperature
range of 380 to 1150 C and partial pressures of 39 Pa
to 15 kPa. Porosity reduction was also accelerated by
the presence of H20 or C02 in the sintering atmos-
phere. In an atmosphere of simulated flue gas, porosi-
ty reduction followed the Coble logarithmic law during
sintering at 800, 900, and 1000 C with induction peri-
ods of 6, 4.5, and 2.7 sec, respectively, for onset of
particle shrinkage. Coupling the sintering model with a
sulfation model that accounts for the effects of surface
area allows the prediction of S02 capture efficiencies
in boiler furnaces by Ca(OH)2 injection.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Calcium oxides,
"Sintering, "Sulfur dioxide, "Surface chemistry, Injec-
tion, Water, Carbon dioxide, Reaction kinetics, Cataly-
sis, Porosity, Flue gases, Mathematical models, Fur-
naces, Reprints, 'Flue gas desulfurization.
PB89-2363B4/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Structural Changes In Surfactant-Modified Sor-
bents during Furnace Injection. Journal article Oct
86-Oct 87.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
D. A. Kirchgessner, ana W. Jozewicz. cMar 89,0p
EPA/600/3-89/008
Pub. in American Institute of Chemical Engineers Jnl.,
v35 n3 p500-506, Mar 89. Prepared in cooperation
with Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The paper discusses a calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)
sorbent, modified by the addition of calcium lignosul-
fonate, that was recently developed for use in EPA's
LIMB (limestone injection multistage burners) process.
The increased reactivity with sulfur dioxide (S02) dis-
played by this modified sorbent has been shown to be
caused, in part, by its decreased particle (agglomer-
ate) size compared to conventional Ca(OH)2. Subse-
quent work has shown that surfactant-modified
Ca(OH)2 also undergoes significantly different struc-
tural changes during furnace injection. For a given re-
actor temperature and residence time, the modified
sorbent calcines to a greater extent that unmodified
sorbent. It also loses surface area more slowly, and re-
tains more of its porosity, suggesting that it sinters
more slowly than conventional sorbent. Therefore, in
addition to reducing the particle size of Ca(OH)2 in
some applications, calcium lignosulfonate also ap-
pears to cause the water of hydration to be bound less
tightly, and to inhibit one or more of the diffusion mech-
anisms responsible for the process of sintering.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Sorbents, "Surfac-
tants, "Sulfur dioxide, Particle size, Calcium hydrox-
ides, Sintering, Porosity, Surface chemistry, Diffusion,
Chemical reactions, Experimental design, Reprints,
"Limestone injection multistage burners process, "Cal-
cium lignosulfonate.
PB89-236392/HSU	PC A03/MF AOI
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Identification of CaS04 Formed by Reaction of
CaO and S02. Rept. for Oct 88-Mar 89.
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
B. K. Gullett, and K. R. Bruce. C1989,15p EPA/600/J-
89/007
Contract EPA-68-02-4701
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The article discusses the XRD-determination of the
identity of CaS04, formed by the reaction between
CaO and S02, and the support of that determination
by density measurements with helium pycnometry.
The anhydrous CaS04 compound formed has an orth-
orhombic crystal structure and an analytically calculat-
ed density of 2.98 g/cu cm, versus the JCPDS report-
ed value of 2.995 g/cu cm. The product of this reac-
tion, formed during calcium-based sorbent injection for
S02 removal from coal-fired power plants, has largely
been assumed to have a density of 2.61 g/cu cm.
Since reaction models must incorporate the product
density in determining the rate of sorbent pore block-
age or filling, correct identification of the reaction prod-
uct is crucial.
Keywords: "Calcium sulfates, "X ray diffraction, "Air
pollution control, "Chemical analysis, "Sulfur dioxide,
Calcium oxides, Experimental design, Density(Mass/
volume), Sorbents, Mathematical models, Perform-
ance evaluation, Injection, Porosity, Reprints, "Coal
fired power plants, "Limestone injection.
PB89-236400/HSU	PC A02/MF AOI
Sintering of Nascent Calcium Oxide. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab,
R. H. Borgwardt. C1989,10p EP A/600/J-89/006
Pub. in Chemical Engineering Science, v44 n1 p53-80
1989.
The paper discusses the measurement of the sintering
rate of CaO in a nitrogen atmosphere at temperatures
of 700-1100 C. CaO prepared from ultrapure CaC03
was compared with an impure CaO derived from lime-
stone. Both materials yielded an initial surface area of
104 sq m/g. The rate of surface reduction was inde-
pendent of particle size between 2 and 20 microme-
ters, but strongly dependent on temperature and impu-
rities. A model was used to correlate the kinetics of
surface reduction and identify lattice diffusion as the
mechanisms of solid transport. Impurities increased
the rate of sintering at a given temperature and re-
duced the activation energy. The porosity declined lo-
garithmically with time dunng the intermediate stage of
sintering.
Keywords: "Calcium oxides, "Air pollution control,
"Surface chemistry, Reaction kinetics, Mathematical
models, Temperature, Impurities, Limestone, Porosity,
"Sintering.
PB89-236418/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
EPA's (Environmental Protection Agency's) Ap-
proach to Pollution Prevention. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
D. G. Stephen, and J. Atcheson. cJun 89,8p EPA/
600/J-89/004
Pub. in Chemical Engineering Progress, p53-58 Jun
89.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
EPA's adoption of pollution prevention as the corner-
stone of its future efforts on environmental protection
is described as are the roles of the Pollution Preven-
tion Office and the Waste Minimization Branch.
Keywords: 'Water pollution abatement, Regulations,
Research program administration, Protection, Water
quality, Hazardous materials, Waste disposal, Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Discharge(Water).
PB89-236426/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Preloading on the Scale-Up of QAC
(Granular Activated Carbon) Microcolumns. Jour-
nal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
T. F. Speth, and R. J. Miltner, cApr 89,10p EPA/600/
J-89/021
A previously proposed microcolumn scale-up proce-
dure is evaluated. Scale-up assumptions dealing with
equal capacities in microcolumns and field columns
are focused on in an effort to evaluate the effect of
preloading carbon with naturally-occurring organic ma-
terials (NOM). Reductions in capacity found in the
column studies are compared to distilled, groundwater,
and pre-adsorbed isotherms. Total organic carbon
breakthrough in the field column is presented to ex-
plain capacity reductions. A simplified version of a
mass transfer model and a more complex mass trans-
fer model are used to predict the pilot column results.
For the ground water studied, preloading NOM onto
QAC reduced the carbon's capacity for cis- 1,2-dich-
loroethene. This preloading violated an assumption of
a previously presented microcolumn scale-up proce-
dure. Preloading of natural waters was therefore found
to render incomplete carbon adsorption models that
do not account for the possible reduction in capacity.
Of the models that do not take preloading into ac-
count, the simple Constant Pattern Homogeneous
Surface Diffusion Model gives a comparable prediction
to the Dispersed Flow Pore Surface Diffusion Model,
which incorporates more kinetic terms.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Column packings,
Mathematical models, Surface chemistry, Diffusion,
'Activated carbon, 'Organic loadings.
PB89-236434/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Network Design Factor* for Assessing Temporal
Variability In Ground-Water Quality. Interim rept.
May 85-Jul 88.
Illinois State Water Survey Div., Champaign. Aquatic
Chemistry Section.
M. J. Barcelona, D. P. Lettenmaier, and M. R. Schock.
C1989,33p EPA/600/J-89/022
Contract EPA-R-812165
Pub. in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,
v12 p149-179, 1989. Prepared In cooperation with
Washington Univ., Seattle. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Benchmark major ions and nutrients data were collect-
ed biweekly for about two years at 12 wells at two sites
in a shallow sand and gravel aquifer in west-central Illi-
nois. The purpose of the study was to explore the time
series properties of ground water quality data collected
at a relatively high sampling frequency. A secondary
purpose was to determine tne relative magnitudes of
natural and sampling-related sources of variance in
ground-water quality time series. The absence of this
kind of information has severely hindered the design of
ground-water sampling programs in the past. Results
suggest that, for the wells sampled, sampling frequen-
cies much higher than monthly can result in consider-
able loss of information, and may not be cost effective.
Care was taken in the design of the field and laboratory
sampling protocol to minimize the effects of measure-
ment error. The data analysis confirmed that this goal
was accomplished. In most cases considerably less
than five percent of the total variability could be attrib-
uted to sampling and analytical error. Because of the
relatively short duration of the study (42 biweekly sam-
pling occasions at most wells) it was not possible to
identify the magnitude of seasonal variations reliably.
(Copyright (c) 1989 Kluwer Academic Publishers.)
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Water quality, 'Waste dis-
posal, Sites, Assessments, Experimental design, Ions,
Nutrients, Seasonal variations, Design criteria, Quality
assurance, Quality control, Sources, Time series anal-
ysis, Reprints, 'Water pollution sampling, 'Temporal
distribution, Water pollution detection, Environmental
transport.
PB89-236442/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Mutagenicity of Nltro Compounds In 'Salmonella
typhimurium' In the Presence of Flavin Mononu-
cleotide In a Preincubation Assay. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
V. L. Dellarco, and M. J. Prival. 1989,14p EPA/600/J-
89/020
Pub. in Environmental Mutagenesis 13, pi 16-127
1989.
A series of nitro compounds (18 aromatic and one ali-
phatic) was evaluated using a modification of the
standard (Salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity assay.
A preincubation protocol was used with flavin mononu-
cleotide (FMN) incorporated into the assay mixture to
facilitate nitro reduction. Several aromatic nitro com-
pounds (m-nitroaniline, p-nitroaniiine, 2,6-dinitrotolu-
ene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, 2,3-dinitrotoluene, 1,8-dinitron-
aphthalene), which were negative or only weakly muta-
genic when tested in the standard plate incorporation
assay, showed FMN-dependent mutagenic responses
with this procedure. For some nitro compounds, the
addition of FMN was not needed for the detection of
mutagenicity in the modified protocol. Not all nitro
compounds were positive using the preincubation pro-
cedure with FMN. The lack of mutagenicity, however,
does not appear to be the result of the inability of the
modified method to reduce nitro compounds, since it
was found that reduction does occur under the assay
conditions for the two nonmutagens evaluated for nitro
reduction (nitrobenzene and p-nitrophenol). It is sug-
gested that the modified protocol may be useful for
evaluating the mutagenicity of many nitro compounds.
Keywords: 'Nitro compounds, 'Toxicity, Salmonella
typhimurium, Flavins, Nucleotides, Agents,
Reduction(Chemistry), 'Mutagenicity tests, Environ-
ment pollution.
PB89-236459/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Proceedings of the Workshop on One- versus
Two-Generation Reproductive Effects Studies.
Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
E. Z. Francis, and G. L. Klmmel. Nov 88,17p EPA/
600/J-88/348
Pub. in Jnl. of the American College of Toxicology, v7
n7 p911 -927 1988. Proceedings of a Workshop held in
Arlington, VA. on October 21-22,1987.
The purpose of the workshop was to address the cen-
tral question: Is a single-generation reproductive ef-
fects study sufficient to assess the reproductive toxici-
ty potential of chemicals that do not bioaccumulate.
The panel of nine participants concluded that, by itself,
a one-generation reproductive effects study is insuffi-
cient to identify all potential reproductive toxicants and
that a two-generation study is needed for an adequate
assessment. The panel did not support placing much
importance on bioaccumulation as related to reproduc-
tive toxicity testing mainly because it is not the only
critical factor that may account for effects in a second
generation but not in the first. The panel accomplished
several goals in directing future development in repro-
ductive toxicity testing: (1) the purpose of a reproduc-
tive effects study was defined, (2) a minimal set of end
points necessary for adequate evaluation of reproduc-
tive toxicity was determined, (3) some alternative re-
productive effects test methods were recommended,
(4) greater flexibility in choosing a test protocol on a
case-by-case basis was encouraged, and (5) areas
that need further research were identified.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Pesticides, 'Meetings, Test
methods, Reproductive system, Biological effects,
Risk assessment.
PB8S-237119/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Influence of Droplet Spacing on Drag Coefficient
in Nonevaporating, Monodlsperse Streams. Jour-
nal article.
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. A. Mulholland, R. K. Srivastava, and J. O. L. Wendt.
C1988,8p EPA/600/ J-88/343
Contract EPA-68-02-3988
Pub. in AIAA (American Institute of Aeronautics and
Astronautics, Inc.) Jnl., v26 n10 p1231-1237 Oct 88.
Prepared in cooperation with Arizona Univ., Tucson.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
It is well established that droplet interactions profound-
ly influence the ignition and combustion behavior of
droplet clouds and fuel sprays. Four group combustion
modes of a droplet cloud nave been identified, with
that of single-droplet combustion possibly being appli-
cable in practice to only a very limited number of spe-
cial situations. Such a special situation, however, can
arise during the incineration of liquid hazardous
wastes, where droplets with large diameters congre-
gate at the outer edge of fuel spray cones. One or
more of these stray droplets then may individually pass
through, or bypass, the main flame zone and lead to a
failure mode in the incinerator. In the document the in-
fluence of droplet spacing on the drag coefficient of in-
dividual drops injected into a quiescent environment
has been determined through measurement of trajec-
tories of single, monodisperse, nonevaporating droplet
streams. (Copyright (c) American Institute of Aeronau-
tics and Astronautics, Inc., 1988.)
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Liquid wastes, 'Inciner-
ators, 'Drops(Liquids), 'Drag, Combustion efficiency,
Experimental design, Combustion products, Air pollu-
tion abatement, Mathematical models, Reprints,
'Space dependence.
PB89-237127/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Porosity, Surface Area, and Particle Size Effects
of CaO Reacting with S02 at 1100C. Journal article.
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
B. K Gullett, J. A. Blom, and R. T. Cunningham. c1988,
14p EPA/600/J-88/344
Contract EPA-68-02-3988	««««..„
Pub. in Reactivity of Solids, v6 p263-275 1988. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineenng Re-
search Lab.
The paper gives results of tests for the reactivity of cal-
cium oxide (CaO) sorbents derived from calcium hy-
droxide (Ca(OH)2) and calcium carbonate (CaC03) to
gaseous sulfur dioxide (S02) in a nitrogen atmosphere
with a nominal 1100 C, entrained flow reactor and a
solids residence time of 0.74 s. The research included
direct examination of the combined effect of porosity,
particle size, and surface area upon CaO conversion to
calcium sulfate (CaS04). Conversion was inversely re-
lated to the 0.20 to 0.35 power of particle size for diam-
eters ranging from 0.77 to 12.1 micrometers. In-
creased initial surface area from 7 to 62 sq m/g led to
higher conversions at all particle sizes, eliminating the
possibility of gas film diffusion control. The conversion
for both sorbent types is proportional to initial porosity.
Substantial expansion of the sorbents during reaction
was shown by achieving conversion levels much
greater than theoretically possible, given the initial sor-
bent porosity, the larger-volume product, and an as-
sumed constant particle size. This is contrary to most
modeling assumptions, in which the reaction is limited
or cut off by pore filling or pore plugging of the sorbent
volume. (Copyright (c) 1988 Elsevier Publishers B.V.)
Keywords: 'Calcium oxides, 'Sulfur dioxide,
'Absorbers(Materials), Porosity, Area, Particle size,
Surface chemistry, Graphs(Charts), Reprints, 'Air pol-
lution control.
PB89-23713S/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Radon Mitigation Choices In the United States: A
Comparison of Private and Public Sector Develop-
ments. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
K. A. Witter, D. C. Sanchez, and A. B. Craig. c1988,7p
EPA/600/J-8B/345
Pub. in Radiation Protection Dosimetry, v24 n1/4
P513-517 1988. See also PB88-160262. Presented at
the Symposium on the Natural Radiation Environment
(4th), Lisbon, Portugal, December 7-11,1987.
The paper compares private and public sector devel-
opments relating to radon mitigation in the U.S. In re-
sponse to elevated radon levels in many U.S. houses,
the Federal and State governments and the private
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sector have undertaken many varied mitigation and
public information efforts resulting in a range of radon
reduction installations in the U.S. Government-spon-
sored research and development of radon mitigation
techniques in single-family detached houses is com-
pared with radon mitigation approaches undertaken by
the private sector. An attempt is also made to compare
premitigation diagnostics, the application of mitigation
techniques to various substructure types, the perform-
ance of mitigation installations, and the cost of the in-
stallations. The information collected indicates that
subslab ventilation is the most common technique in
both public and private sector radon mitigation; howev-
er, air-to-air heat exchangers and sealing are em-
ployed more frequently in the private sector than in
government-sponsored mitigation.
Keywords: 'Radon, "Radioactive contaminants,
'Indoor air pollution, Air pollution, Cost analysis,
Houses, Ventilation, Soils, Heat exchangers.
PB89-237143/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Secondary Combustion In a Dual-Chamber Wood-
stove. Journal article.
Portland State Univ., OR. Dept. of Mechanical Engi-
neering.
G. A. Spolek, R. E. Hall, and J. H. Wasser. c1988, lOp
EPA/600/J-88/346
Grant EPA-R-813772
Pub. in ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrig-
erating and Air-Conditioning Engineers) Transactions,
v94 pt1 p1138-1146 1988. Sponsored by Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses laboratory tests of a modified,
popular dual-chamber woodstove to determine its abil-
ity to reduce emissions. In dual-chamber stoves, the
primary chamber is for fuel volatilization, and the sec-
ondary chamber is for combustion. The original stove
was first operated at low, medium, and high burn rates
to establish baseline performance. The stove was then
modified to include an electrical igniter and a con-
trolled flow of air to the secondary chamber and was
tested again under the same conditions. Variables
measured included gas stream temperatures up-
stream and downstream of the secondary chamber
(which indicate secondary combustion) and exhaust
stream concentrations of carbon monoxide and un-
burned hydrocarbons (which indicate emissions). The
paper discusses the effectiveness of these modifica-
tions in sustaining secondary combustion and reducing
emissions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Stoves, 'Com-
bustion, Exhaust gases, Combustion chambers, Ignit-
ers, Environmental impacts, Carbon monoxide, 'Wood
burning furnaces, "Wood fuels, Stationary sources.
PB89-237150/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Radon Entry Into Detached Dwellings: House Dy-
5"®™ Mitigation Techniques. Journal article
Apr 86-Nov 87.
Emrtranmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
i u''ul W Energy Engineering Research Lab.
L. Hubbard, K. Gadsby, D. Bohac, A.Lovell, and D.
Harrje. c1988,7p EPA/600/J-88/347
_ Protection Dosimetry, v24 nl/4
p491 -495 1988. Presented at the International Sympo-
sium on Natural Radiation Environment, (4th) Lisbon,
Portugal, December 1987. Prepared in cooperation
with Princeton Univ., NJ. Center for Energy and Envi-
ronmental Studies, and Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
The paper gives results of a 12-month field study on
the mechanisms of radon entry and the effectiveness
of mitigation techniques in 14 similar houses In New
Jersey. Continuous monitoring of a variety of param-
eters before and alter mitigation has provided a very
rich data base. Continuous data were obtained for
radon concentrations and temperatures in different
zones in the house, under the slab, and in the walls, for
pressure differences across the basement perimeter,
for operation of the central air distribution system, and
for basic weather variables. Several-day averages of
air infiltration rates, both between individual zones and
outside air, and between pairs of zones, were obtained
throughout the period. The mitigation systems tested
were subslab pressurization and depressurizatlon with
and without sealing, basement sealing, and basement
pressurization. An evaluation of the efficacy of the par-
ticular mitigation techniques tested in two single-story
test houses is presented as well as a discussion of
how mitigation affected air infiltration and radon
source strengths. The amount of air infiltrating each
basement from the soil gas is also discussed.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Houses, Radioactive materials,
Ventilation, New Jersey, Meteorology, Basements,
Sources, Field tests, Reprints, 'Indoor air pollution,
'Environmental transport, 'Air pollution sampling, Soil
gases, Tracer studies, Mitigation.
PBS9-237168/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Experiences with Single-Species Tests for Acute
Toxic Effects on Freshwater Animals. Journal arti-
Columbia National Fisheries Research Lab., MO.
F. L. Mayer, and M. R. Ellersieck. c1988,12p EPA/
600/J-88/350
Pub. in the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences,
AMSIO, v17 n6 p367-375 1988,Color illustrations re-
produced in black and white. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Acute toxicity data developed over 20 years at one lab-
oratory (Columbia National Fisheries Research Labo-
ratory, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Columbia, Mis-
souri) were analyzed by various statistical approaches
for taxonomic comparisons and to assess the degree
to which various factors affected toxicity. The data
base consisted of 4902 tests with 410 chemicals and
66 species of freshwater animals. Insects were the
most sensitive group, followed by crustaceans, fishes,
and amphibians. Of the factors affecting toxicity, the
highest toxicity values were within 5 times or less the
lowest values 80% or more of the time; this generaliza-
tion included pH and temperature, evaluated on the
basis of a 1.0 pH unit or 10 C change. Generalizations
and predictions could be made for comparative toxicity
and factors affecting toxicity 80% or more of the time.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Taxonomy, 'Fresh water bi-
ology, Data, Comparisons, Species, Fishes, Insects,
Crustaceans, Amphibia, pH, Reprints, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB89-237176/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Direct Viable Counting Method for Measuring Tol-
erance of Aquatic Microbial Communities to
Hg(2+1). Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
C. Liebert, and T. Barkay. C1988,8p CONTRIB-628
Pub in the Canadian Jnl. of Microbiology, v34 p1090-
1095 1988. Prepared in cooperation with Technology
Applications, Inc., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Direct counts of Hg2+ resistant cells in natural waters
were obtained by fluorescence microscopy after incu-
bation for 20 hours in the presence of a growth sub-
strate, nalidixic acid to halt cell division, and inhibiting
concentrations of Hg2+. The method discriminated
Hg2+ resistant from sensitive Escherichia coli strains.
Estuarine samples were used to compare this proce-
dure with two other toxicity measurements that deter-
mine the effect of Hg2+ on colony growth and on
rates of radioactive thymidine incorporation into cellu-
lar material. Toxicity measurements based on direct
viable counts and thymidine incorporation rates had
comparable sensitivities, and both were 3-4 orders of
magnitude more sensitive than the method that utilized
colony counts. Thus, the direct enumeration of Hg2+
resistant cells is useful for predicting the potential of
aquatic communities to sustain heterotrophic activity,
an essential microbial process, in the presence of
Hg2+.
Keywords: 'Aquatic microbiology, 'Mercury, "Toxic
tolerances, Cells(Bioiogy), Escherichia coli, Measure-
ment, Cell division, Acid treatment, Metals, Thymi-
dines, Fluorescence microscopy.
PB69-237184/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Enhancement of Protozoan Pathogen 'Perklnsus
marinus' Infections in American Oyster* 'Crastos-
trea virginica' Expoeed to the Chemical Carcino-
gen n-NltrosocMethylamlne (DENA). Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
J. T. Winstead, and J. A. Couch, c1988,11 p
CONTRIB-645
Pub. in Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v5 p205-213
1988.
Oysters. Crassotrea virginica, exposed to high concen-
trations (600 mg/l) of n-nitrosodiethylamine (DENA)
during winter months (Feb. - May) showed significant
enhancement of an epizootic apicomplexan parasite,
Perkinsus marinus. the parasite reproduced and
caused atypical pathosis in exposed oysters at water
temperatures below its normal range (20 C). The rea-
sons for this enhancement are not clear but may re-
flect damage to the oysters non-specific cellular
immune system by the DENA.
Keywords: "Oysters, 'Parasites, Marine biology,
Animal diseases, Winter, Immunity, Toxicity, Reprirtis,
"Water pollution effects(Animals), * Nitrosodtethyla-
mine, Crassotrea virginica, Perkinsus marinus, Syner-
gism.
PB89-237192/HSU	PC A02/MF AOI
Exocrine Pancreatic Adenomas in the Greater
Redhorse, 'Moxostoma valeencienneal' Jordan,
and In the European Flounder, 'PlaMchthye fleeus'
(L). Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
J. W. Fournie, J. J. Black, and A. D. Vethaak. C1988,6p
EPA/600/J-88/353
Pub. in Jnl. of Fish Diseases, v11 p445-448 1988. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Roswell Park Memorial Inet,
Buffalo, NY., and Ministry of Transport and Public
Works, Ijmuiden (Netherlands). Tidal Waters Div.
The communication describes the two cases in the
Registry of Tumors in Lower Animals of spontaneously
occurring, exocrine pancreatic adenomas; one case
from the greater redhorse, Moxostoma valenciennesi
and a second case from the European flounder, Pla-
tichthys flesus.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Aquatic biology, "Pancreatic nap-
plasms, "Adenoma, Pathology, Exocrine glands, Oc-
currence, Reprints, "Moxostoma valenciennesi, "Pia-
tichthys flesus, Greater redhorse, European flounder.
PB89-237200/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Phylogenetfcally Based Studies of Microbial Eco-
system Perturbation. Journal article.
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Coll. of Veterinary
Medicine.
D. A. Stahl. c1988,20p EPA/600/J-88/354
Pub. in Biotechnology for Crop Protection, p373-390
1988. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.,
Gulf Breeze, FL.
The use of comparative ribosomal RNA sequencing
for studies in microbial ecology and microbial evolution
is discussed. A specific study, using the 16S ribosomal
RNA to monitor the bovine rumen microbial communi-
ty, is described. The response of this community to an-
tibiotic addition was evaluated by hybridization of the
oligonucleotide probes to nucleic acid isolated from
the rumen. The application of the ribosomal rna
based measure of microbial communities to general
evaluations of community disruption, as might follow
the release of genetically engineered microorganisms
into the environment, is discussed. (Copyright (c) 1988
American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: Gastrointestinal system, Cattle, Monitoring,
Nucleic acids, Reprints, "Biotechnology, 'Microbial
genetics, "Phytogeny, Oligonucleotide probes, 16S ri-
osomal RNA, Monensin, Microbial drug resistance.
PB89-237218/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Biological and Abiotic Degradation of Xenobtotks
Compounds In Vitro Estaurlne Water and Sedf-
ment/Water Systems. Journal article.
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
W. W. Walker, C. R. Cripe. P. H. Pritchard, and A. W.
Bourquln. c1988,18p EPA/600/J-88/349
Pub. in Chemosphere, V17 n12 p2255-2270 1988. Pro.
pared in cooperation with Gulf Coast Research Lab
Ocean Springs, MS., and Georgia State Univ., Atlanta!
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lib., Gulf
Breeze, FL.
First-order biotic degradation rate constants of 14 pn.
ticides were determined in estuarine water and sedi-
ment/water slurry systems. Test systems used envi-
ronmentally realistic concentrations of pesticides in
sterile and nonsterile samples of water and sediment
taken directly from the field. Thiobencerb, sulprofoa.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
chlorothalonil, diclofop-methyl, fenthion, oxyfluorfen,
methoxychlor, phorate, and trifluralin all showed sig-
nificantly (p < = 0.01) more degradation in the pres-
ence of nonsterile sediment than in the presence of
sterile sediment. Most of these nine pesticides biode-
graded significantly faster in flasks containing sedi-
ment than in those with water alone. Endosulfan and
PCNB, however, biodegraded faster in the absence of
sediment. EPN and chlorpyrifos were degraded pri-
marily by abiotic processes. Methomyl did not signifi-
cantly degrade under any test conditions. Oxyfluorfen
and chlorpyrifos were also slow to degrade, with half-
lives of generally over two weeks in nonsterile sedi-
ment. Diclofop-methyl and phorate were the least per-
sistent, with half-lives of a few days or less.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Biodeterioration, "Estuaries,
"Streams, Kinetics, Field tests, Reprints, "Xenobiotics,
Organochlorine insecticides, Organophosphorus in-
secticides, Environmental persistence.
PB89-237226/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Role of Sublethal Injury In Decline of Bacterial
Populations In Lake Water. Journal article.
Cornell Univ. Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca,
NY. Dept. of Agronomy.
K. R. Gurijala, and M. Alexander. C1988,5p EPA/600/
J-88/355
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v54
n11 p2859-2861 Nov 88. Sponsored by Environmental
Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Following their addition to lake water, the populations
of Escherichia coli and of antibiotic-resistant strains of
Pseudomonas fluorescens, Agrobacterium tumefa-
ciens, Micrococcus flavus, Rhizobium meliloti, and
Klebsiella pneumoniae declined rapidly, as counted on
media containing antibacterial compounds. The esti-
mates of population sizes were occasionally higher if
procedures were used permitting possible resuscita-
tion of injured cells, but no resuscitation procedure
gave consistently higher estimates of populations of
surviving cells than when the selective media were
used alone. The patterns of survival of the test bacte-
ria in lake water amended with eucaryotic inhibitors
was essentially the same whether a resuscitation pro-
cedure was used or not, and the patterns of survival in
sterile lake water or buffer were the same whether
counts were made on selective media or media with-
out antibacterial agents.
Keywords: "Bacteria, "Aquatic microbiology, Popula-
tion growth, Lakes, Antibiotics, Escherichia coli, Re-
prints, Microbial drug resistance, Cell survival, Pseudo-
monas fluorescens, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Mi-
crococcus flavus, Rhizobium meliloti, Klebsiella pneu-
moniae.
PB89-237234/HSU	PC A02/MF AOI
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Use of Phylogenetlcslly Based Hybridization
Probes for Studies of Rumlnal Microbial Ecology.
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign.
D. A. Stahl, B. Flesher, H. R. Mansfield, and L.
Montgomery, cl 988,8p EPA/600/ J-88/356
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v54
n5 p1079-1084 May 88. Sponsored by Environmental
Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
To address the long-standing need for more precise
descriptions of natural microbial ecosystem, 16S ribo-
somal RNAs were used to track certain species and
phylogenetically coherent groups of microorganisms in
their natural setting without culturing. Species- and
group-specific 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide hy-
bridization probes were developed to enumerate vari-
ous strains of Bacteroides succinogenes and Lachno-
spira multiparus in the bovine rumen before, during
and following perturbation of that ecosystem by the
addition of the ionophore antibiotic monensin. Based
on probe hybridization, relative number of L. multiparus
were depressed about two-fold during monensin addi-
tion and demonstrated a transient five- to ten-fold in-
crease immediately following removal of the antibiotic
from the diet. The most pronounced population
changes were observed among different strains of B.
succinogenes, as evaluated by three hybridization
probes. (Copyright (c) 1988, American Society for
Microbiology.)
Keywords: "Bacteriology, "Taxonomy, Cattle, Method-
ology, Probes, Stomach, Reprints, "Nucleic acid hy-
bridization, 16S ribosomal RNA, Bacteriodes succino-
genes, Lachnospira multiparus, Oligonucleotides, Phy-
logeny.
PB89-237358/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Analysis of Volatile Organic Chemicals In Aque-
ous Samples by Purge/GC (Gas Chromatography)
with Selective Water Removal. Journal article.
Northrop Services, Inc., Ada, OK.
J. W. Cochran, and J. M. Hanson. cDec 88,7p EPA/
600/J-88/366
Contract EPA-68-03-3315
Pub. in Jnl. of High Resolution Chromatography and
Chromatography Communications, v11 n12 p869-873
Dec 88. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental
Research Lab., Ada, OK.
A gas chromatographic method for volatile organic
chemicals in which an aqueous sample is purged di-
rectly to a cryogenically cooled, fused silica column
uses a Nation tube drier between the purge vessel and
GC column. The Nafion strips water from the gas
stream during the purge step white allowing volatile ha-
locarbons and aromatics to continue to the GC
column. Examples of the technique are presented on
0.53 mm and 0.25 mm fused silica columns coated
with a variety of stationary phases. (Copyright (c) 1988
Dr. Alfred Huethig Publishers.)
Keywords: "Water treatment, "Column packings, "Gas
chromatography, Test equipment, Silicon oxides,
Chemical analysis. Water pollution, Cryogenics, Re-
prints, 'Volatile organic compounds.
PB89-237366/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Technologies for the Recovery of Solvents from
Hazardous Wastes. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
R. A. Olexsey, B. L. Blaney, R. J. Turner, and L. M.
Brown. C1988,15p EPA/600/J-88/365
Pub. in Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials, v5
n4 P365-377 1988.
About 1.5 billion gallon of hazardous waste solvents
were disposed of to the land in 1985. The Hazardous
and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) of 1984 re-
quired that EPA prohibit the direct land disposal of
these materials after November 8, 1986. Alternatives
to direct land disposal include source reduction, de-
struction, treatment, and recovery. The paper de-
scribes several technologies that can be used to re-
cover solvent materials from hazardous wastes. Such
technologies include evaporation, distillation, solvent
extraction, critical fluids processing, steam and air
stripping, and carbon adsorption. Data from USEPA
studies are presented on recovery efficiencies for sev-
eral of the unit processes.
Keywords: "Materials recovery, "Solvents, "Hazard-
ous materials, Performance evaluation. Substitutes,
Evaporation, Distillation, Solvent extraction, Stripping,
Critical flow, Adsorption, Reprints, 'Technology utiliza-
tion, Land disposal, Pollution regulations, Hazardous
and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984.
PB89-237374/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Toxicity of Detroit River Sediment Interstitial
Water to the Bacterium 'Photobacterlum phoa-
horeum'. Journal article.
nvironmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
R. G. Kreis, J. P. Giesy, F. J. Horvath, C. J. Rosiu, and
R. L. Graney. c1988,14p EPA/600/J-88/364
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research, v14 n4 p502-
513, Dec 88. Prepared in cooperation with Michigan
State Univ., East Lansing, and Michigan Dept. of Natu-
ral Resources, Lansing.
The study used the Photobacterium phosphoreum
bacterial luminescence assay (Microtox R) to survey
the distribution of the toxicity of the sediments from the
lower Detroit River during the summer of 1986. Of the
136 locations tested, 25 were classified as very toxic,
60 as moderately toxic, 10 as slightly toxic, and 41
were classified as being non-toxic.. The greatest
number of very toxic sites was observed on the west-
ern shore of the Trenton Channel; however, some very
toxic locations were observed throughout the study
area. The least toxic areas were observed at the east-
ern-most locations studied. The Microtox R assay has
been found to be a sensitive assay, which can be cali-
brated to the responses of other organisms such as
macroinvertebrates and can be related to the potential
for distribution of macroinvertebrates in sediments.
Therefore, the Microtox R assay is useful for rapid
screening and mapping of toxicity of sediments.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, "Detroit River, "Sedimen-
tation, Toxicity, Site surveys, Bioassay, Metals, "Pho-
tobacterium phosphoreum.
PB89-237382/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Performance Audit Results for Volatile POHC
(Principal Organic Hazardous Constituents) Meas-
urements during RCRA (Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act) Trial Burn Tests. Journal article.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. J. Von Lehmden, R. K. M. Jayanty, and C. K. Sokol.
CJun 88, 7p EPA/600/J-88/363
Contracts EPA-68-02-3767, EPA-68-02-4125
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v38
n6 p823-827 Jun 88. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Audit materials containing Principal Organic Hazard-
ous Constituents (POHCs) have been developed by
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory (RTP)
for use by federal, state, and local agencies or their
contractors to assess the accuracy of measurement
methods used during RCRA trial burn tests. Audit ma-
terials are current available for 27 gaseous organics in
five, six, seven, and nine component mixtures at parts-
per-billion levels (7 to 10,000 ppb) in compressed gas
cylinders in a balance gas of nitrogen. Stability studies
indicate that all of the organics tested (with the excep-
tion of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide below 10
ppb levels) are stable enough to be used as reliable
audit materials. Subsequent to completion of the sta-
bility studies, 89 performance audits have been con-
ducted with the audit materials to assess the accuracy
of the Volatile Organic Sampling Train (VOST) and bag
measurement methods during or prior to RCRA trial
burn tests. A summary of the audits conducted for
each POHC and the measurement system audited is
shown in a technical paper accepted for publication by
JAPCA. The audit results obtained with audit gases
during RCRA trial burn tests are generally within + or -
50% of the audit concentrations. (Copyright (c) 1988
APCA.)
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
"Combustion efficiency, Auditing, Performance stand-
ards, Concentration(Composition), Assessments, Re-
prints, 'Volatile organic compounds, 'Air pollution
sampling, 'Air samplers, 'Incineration, Resource Con-
servation and Recovery Act.
PB89-237390/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Hotspot Sites for Acrldlne-lnduced Frameshift
Mutations In Bacteriophage T4 Correspond to
Sites of Action of the +4 Type ¦¦ Topoisomerase.
Journal article.	.
Health Effects Research Lab.. Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
L S. Ripley, J. S. Dubins, J. G. deBoer, D. M. DeMarini,
and A. M. Bogerd. c1988,18p EPA/600/J-88/362
Pub. in Jnl. of Molecular Biology, v200 p665-680 1988.
Prepared in cooperation with New Jersey Medical
School, Newark, National Inst, of Environmental
Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC., York
Univ., Downsview (Ontario). Dept. of Biology, and
Duke Univ., Durham, NC.
The type II topoisomerase of bacteriophage T4 is a
central determinant of the frequency and specificity of
acridine-induced frameshift mutations. Acridine-in-
duced frameshift mutagenesis is specifically reduced
in a mutant defective in topoisomerase activity. The
ability of an acridine to promote topoisomerase-de-
pendent cleavage at specific DNA sites in vitro is cor-
related to its ability to produce frameshift mutations at
those sites in vivo. The specific phosphodiester bonds
cleaved in vitro are precisely those at which frame-
shifts are most strongly promoted by acridines in vivo.
The cospecificity of in vitro cleavage and in vivo muta-
tion implicate acridine-induced, topoisomerase-medi-
ated DNA cleavages as intermediates of acridine-in-
duced mutagenesis in T4. (Copyright (c) 1988 Aca-
demic Press limited.)
Keywords: 'Acridines, 'Bacteriophages, 'Mutations,
Genetics, In vivo analysis, In vitro analysis, Reprints,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
*DNA damage, Topoisomerase, Mutagenicity tests,
Base sequence.
PB89-237408/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Triphenyltin Hy-
droxide to Fathead Minnows ('Plmephales prome-
ias') Following Brief or Continuous Exposure.
Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
A. W. Jarvinen, D. K. Tanner, E. R. Kline, and M. L.
Knuth. C1988,15p EPA/600/J-88/361
Pub. in Environmental Pollution, v52 p289-301 Jul 88.
Prepared in cooperation with American Scientific Inter-
national, Inc., McLean, VA.
Fathead minnow larvae (Pimephales promelas) were
exposed to triphenyltin hydroxide (TPTH) during brief
(single pulse) or continuous exposure in 96-h and 30-
day toxicity tests. The continuous exposure 96-h LC50
value was 7.1 microg/liter. Brief exposures for 12 to
72-h gave 96-h LC50 values that ranged from 61.8 to
6.0 microg/liter, respectively. The continuous expo-
sure 30-day chronic effect concentration, based upon
reduced growth, was 0.23 microg/liter. Survival was
significantly reduced at 2.0 microg/liter. Brief expo-
sures for 24, 48, and 72-h in 30-day tests significantly
reduced survival and growth at 13.0, 13.0, and 60.0
microg/liter, respectively. It is suggested that both
toxicant concentration and exposure duration are im-
portant factors to consider in the risk assessment of
potential pesticide hazards in the environment. (Copy-
right (c) 1988 Elsevier Applied Science Publishers,
Keywords: "Minnows, "Fungicides, "Toxicity, Expo-
sure, Larvae, Growth, Survival, "Pimephales promelas,
Water pollution effects(Animals), "Triphenyltin hy-
droxide.
PB89-237416/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Environmental Persistence/Degradation of Toxic-
ity in Complex Effluents: Laboratory Simulations
of Field Conditions. Journal article.
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
G. M. Degraeve, W. H. Clement, M. F. Arthur, R. B.
Gillespie, and G. K. O'Brien. c1988,15p EPA/600/J-
88/360
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment,
ASTM STP 971, v10 p177-189 1988. Sponsored by
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
A laboratory method to monitor the persistence or deg-
radation of toxicity in complex effluent/receiving water
mixtures was developed and preliminarily field-validat-
ed. The research developed a method for possible
future use in the National Pollutant Discharge Elimina-
tion System effluent permitting process that recog-
nizes differential rates of toxicity degradation in efflu-
ent/receiving water mixtures. Initial studies were made
with the toxicant 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP) added to a
natural receiving water in the laboratory. After incuba-
tion under conditions similar to the field, toxicity (as
measured periodically by Microtox R) paralleled the
degradation (or persistence) of the toxicant as meas-
ured chemically. Loss of DCP in the laboratory was
similar to predicted field-loss rate. Receiving waters
and industrial and municipal effluents were then incu-
bated in the laboratory in proportions similar to these
observed in the field. Following development of test
protocol with the DCP and effluents, the laboratory unit
was field-validated using chlorine in Mississippi River
water in the field and in the laboratory. The simple lab-
oratory method can be used to predict the persistence
(degradation) of effluent toxicity in natural receiving
waters. (Copyright (c) American Society for Testing
and Materials 1988.)
Keywords: "Effluents, "Toxicity, "Water analysis, Deg-
radation, Method, Field tests, Simulation, Laboratories,
Reprints, "Water pollution sampling, Environmental
persistence.
PB89-237424/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Development of a Protocol to Assess Reproduc-
tive Effects of Toxicants In the Rat. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
park NO.
I E Gray, J. Ostby, R. Sigmon, J. Ferrell, and G.
Rehnberg. cl 988,9p EPA/600/J-88/342
Pub. in Reproductive Toxicology, v2 p281-2871988.
1374 Vol. 90, No. 24
The determination that a chemical poses a reproduc-
tive risk to man typically relies upon fertility studies
using rodents. However, fertility in rodents is often diffi-
cult to disrupt and more sensitive indicators of repro-
ductive function should be included in the risk assess-
ment process. The present discussion compares the
sensitivity of fertility to other endpoints following expo-
sure to known reproductive toxicants. In the studies
rats were dosed from weaning through puberty, gesta-
tion, and lactation. The reproductive function of the
male, the female, and the offspring was assessed. The
effects of methoxychlor, carbendazim (MBC), dibutyl
phthalate (DBP), and lindane are discussed and com-
pared to fertility. The data from the studies indicate
that no single endpoint will consistently be the most
sensitive indicator of reproductive toxicity. Studies
must include a number of well validated endpoints that
provide a comprehensive assessment of the entire re-
productive system of the male and female.
Keywords: "Herbicides, "Animal physiology, "Toxicity,
DDT, Dosage, Rats, Sex behavior, Lindane, Male,
Female, Reproduction(Biology), Reprints, Carbenda-
zim, Dibutyl phthalate.
PB89-237432/HSU	PC A03/MF AOf
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Detection of Hydroxylated Nitro Aromatic and Hy-
droxylated Nitro Polycycllc Aromatic Compounds
In an Ambient Air Particulate Extract Using Bloas-
say-Directed Fractionation. Journal article.
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
M. G. Nishioka, C. C. Howard, D. A. Contos, L. M. Ball,
and J. Lewtas. C1988,11p EPA/600/J-88/341
Contract EPA-68-02-3745
Pub. in Environmentl I Science Technology, v22 p908-
915 1988. Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina
Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environmental Sciences
and Engineering. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The report identifies hydroxylated nitro-polynuclear ar-
omatic hydrocarbons (OH-N02PAHS) in an ambient air
particulate extract by electron impact (El) and negative
chemical ionization (NCI) high resolution gas chroma-
tography/mass spectrometry (HRGC/MS) analyses.
Bioassay-directed fractionation through three sequen-
tial separations led to detection of these 0H-NO2-
PAHs in a highly mutagenic and substantially simplified
subtraction of the extract. The compound class identi-
fication was based on comparison of both El and NCI
mass spectra of reference OH-N02-pyrenes. The
HRGC/MC retention values for seven OH-N02-fluo-
ranthene isomer. Quantification of this compound
class by NCI HRGC/MC with on-column injection is
demonstrated with sensitivity to 0.5 ng/micro L.
Keywords: "Aromatic polycylic hydrocarbons, "Air pol-
lution, Distillation, Detection, Bioassay, Gas chroma-
tography, Mass spectroscopy, Reprints.
PB89-237440/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Methoxychlor Induces Estrogen-Like Alterations
of Behavior and the Reproductive Tract In the
Female Rat and Hamster: Effects on Sex Behav-
ior, Running Wheel Activity, and Uterine Morphol-
ogy. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. E. Gray, J. S. Ostby, J. M. Ferrell, E. R. Sigmon, and
J. M. Goldman. c1988,18p EPA/600/J-88/339
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v96
p525-5401988.
In the first experiment, Fisher 344 female rats dis-
played much lower levels of estrogen-dependent run-
ning wheel activity (RWA) than did Long-Evans
hooded or Sprague-Dawley female rats. However,
RWA peaked after proestrus in all three strains and
ovariectomy (ovx) reduced activity to equally low levels
across the three strains. While Fisher 344 rats display
statistically significant estrous cycle dependent RWA,
the cycles were of such low amplitude that it precluded
using this strain in the assessment of toxicant-induced
alterations of this behavior. In the second experiment,
exposure to the weakly estrogenic pesticide methox-
ychlor induced estrogen-like alterations of RWA in
intact and in ovx LE-hooded female rats. Methoxychlor
induced high levels of acyclic RWA andpersistent vag-
inal estrus in all intact treated females. Following ovari-
ectomy, RWA declined precipitously in control but re-
mained at high levels in metnoxychlor-treated-ovx fe-
males. Additional estrogen-like effects noted in the
treated females included alterations of reproductive
tract morphology, pituitary prolactin content and at-
tenuated body weight gain following ovariectomy.
Keywords: "DDT, "Estrogens, "Sex behavior, "Repro-
ductive system, "Toxicity, Rats, Hamsters, Sex hor-
mones, Ovary, Morphology, Uterus, Ovariectomy,
Organ weight.
PB89-237457/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
NMDA (N-Methyl-D-Aspartate)-Receptor Antago-
nist, MK-801, Suppresses Limbic Kindling and Kin-
dled Seizures. Journal article.
Northrop Services, Inc./Environmental Sciences, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
M. E. Gilbert. C1988,12p EPA/600/J-88/338
Pub. in Brain Research, v463 p90-991988. Sponsored
by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
The role of excitatory amino acid neurotransmission in
electrical kindling was examined in animals stimulated
daily in the amygdala following ip administration of low
dosages of MK-801 (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg). A second ex-
periment evaluated the anticonvulsant properties of
MK-801 in rats kindled in the hippocampus and amyg-
dala, and contrasted its efficacy with the antiepileptic
agents diazepam, phenobarbital and phenytom, and
the dissociative anesthetics phencyclidine and keta-
mine. MK-801 (0.5 mg/kg) retarded the development
of amygdala kindling and reduced mean afterdis-
charge (AD) duration over the first 10 stimulation ses-
sions. The low dosage reduced total AD accrued
during each kindling stage but failed to alter kindling
rate. MK-801 blocked motor seizures induced by stim-
ulation of hippocampal or amygdala kindled foci, but
was more effective in reducing seizure severity and AD
duration resulting from stimulation of the hippocampal
focus. All other drugs tested, with the exception of
phenytoin, protected against amygdaloid kindled sei-
zures. It was concluded that excitatory amino acid
transmission contributes in an important, but noncrit-
ical way to amygdala kindling. (Copyright (c) 1988 El-
sevier Science Publishers B.V. (Biomedical Division).)
Keywords: "Neurochemistry, "Anticonvulsants, "Con-
vulsions, Dosage, Amygdala, Hippocampus, Rats,
Graphs(Charts), Reprints, "Kindling(Neurology), N-
methyl-D-aspartate, MK-801, Kainate, Quisqualate,
Neural transmission.
PB89-237465/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Computational Approaches to the Identification
of Suspect Toxic Molecules. Journal article.
New Orleans Univ., LA. Dept. of Chemistry.
P. Politzer. c1988,22p EPA/600/J-88/337
Pub. in Toxicology Letters, v43 p257-276 1988. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
The report presents computational approaches that
can be used for the relatively rapid identification of
suspect toxigens, including carcinogens, in two differ-
ent classes of compounds: halogenated olefins and
epoxides, and substituted dibenzo-p-dioxins. A
common element in these approaches is the key role
played by the molecular electrostatic potential. It is ap-
plied in two different ways, however; it is used to
assess the reactivity of a specific site in the case of the
epoxides, and for the dibenzo-p-dioxins the focus is on
the overall pattern of negative regions above the mo-
lecular plane. Results obtained so far are encouraging
and indicate that these can be regarded as useful
screening techniques for identifying compounds that
require further and more exhaustive investigation
(Copyright (c) 1988 Elsevier Science Publishers B V
(Biomedical Division).)
Keywords: "Hatohydrocarbons, "Toxicity, "Epoxides
Carcinogens, Molecular structure, Chemical analysis'
Electrostatics, Enzyme inhibitors, Computation, Re^
prints, "Toxic substances, "Dioxins, Dibenzo-p-diox-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB89-237473/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Influence of Ambient Temperature on Tailpipe
Emlaalons from 1984-1987 Model Year Light-Duty
Gasoline Motor Vehicle*. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
F. Stump, S. Teiada, W. Ray, D. Dropkin, and F. Black.
C1089,16p EPA/600/J-89/019
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v23 n2 p307-320
1089. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services,
Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Motor vehicle emissions are sensitive to a number of
variables including ambient temperature, driving
schedule (speed versus time), and fuel composition.
Hydrocarbon, aldehyde, carbon monoxide, and oxides
of nitrogen emissions were examined with nine recent
technology 4-cylinder gasoline motor vehicles at 70F,
40F, ana 20F. About 200 hydrocarbon and 12 alde-
hyde compounds were included in the organic emis-
sions characterization. Two fuels and two driving
schedules were used. Typically, hydrocarbon and
carbon monoxide emissions were significantly in-
creased by reduced ambient temperature. Oxides of
nitrogen emissions also increased, but to a lesser
extent. There were no predictable formaldehyde emis-
sions trends with temperature. Paraffinic and aromatic
hydrocarbon emission fractions were sensitive to fuel
composition, but the olefinic emission fraction (domi-
nated by ethylene and propylene) was not. With low
temperature cold start tests, preceding transient driv-
ing with a 5 minute engine idle resulted in reduced
carbon monoxide emission rates and elevated oxides
of nitrogen emission rates. Hydrocarbon emission
rates were not predictable sensitive to the preliminary
idle.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, 'Exhaust pipes,
'Motor vehicles, 'Temperature, Exhaust gases, Ex-
haust systems, Gasoline engines, Carbon monoxide,
Nitrogen oxides, Motor vehicle engines, Automative
fuels, Experimental data, Air pollution.
PB89-237481/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Dos*-FU*Ponse Analysis of Methoxychlor-ln-
duced Alterations of Reproductive Development
and Function in the Rat. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L E. Gray, J. Ostby, J. Ferrell, Q. Rehnberg, and R.
Under. C1989,19p EPA/600/ J-89/024
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, v12 p92-
1081989.
Rats were dosed from weaning, through puberty and
gestation, to Day 15 of lactation with methoxychlor at
25, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day. Morphological land-
marks of puberty were measured, including trie ages at
vaginal opening, first estrus, and first estrous cycle in
females and at preputial separation in males. In the
female, estrous cyclicity, fertility, litter size, number of
implantation sites, organ weights, and ovarian and
uterine histology were also measured. The viability of
the offspring (F1) and their fertility were evaluated
using a continuous breeding protocol. Males were ne-
cropsied after breeding, the reproductive organs were
weighed, and the cauda epididymal sperm counts
were determined. One testis was used for histopatho-
logy, while the other was used to quantify interstitial
fluid (IF) content, IF testosterone concentration, and
testicular sperm production. Testosterone and andro-
oen-binding protein were measured in the caput epi-
didymis, and sperm motility and morphology were eval-
uateid from a caudal sample. The serum and pituitary
were saved for hormonal determinations. Results are
discussed. (Copyright (c) 1989 Society of Toxicology.)
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Animal physiology, *DDT,
Males, Females, Rats, Reproductive system, Endocri-
nology, Histology, Reprints, Dose-response relation-
ships, Sex maturation, Biological effects.
PB89-237499/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Comparison of Three Sediment Bloassay Meth-
od* Using Detroit River Sediments. Journal article.
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing,
j p Qiesy, R. L. Graney, J. L. Newsted, C. J. Rosiu,
and A. Benda. C1988,18p EPA/600/ J-88/359
Grant EPA-R-812562
Pub In Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v7
0483-498 Apr 88. Prepared in cooperation with Mlchl-
n Dept. of Natural Resources, Lansing. Sponsored
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
The relative sensitivities and discrimination abilities of
the Daphnia magna 48-h lethality assay of sediment
pore water, the Photobacterium phosphoreum 15-min
bioluminescence inhibition (Microtox R) assay of sedi-
ment pore water and the Chironomus tentans 10-d
growth reduction assay of whole Detroit River sedi-
ments were investigated and predictive relationships
developed. While all three assays demonstrated the
toxicity of some sediments and all of them identified
the most and least toxic sediments, the D. magna leth-
ality assay was the least sensitive and discriminatory.
The Microtox R assay was the most sensitive. Based
on lethality, the C. tentans assay was less sensitive
than D. magna, but growth inhibition was sensitive and
the most discriminatory of the three assays. Chirono-
mids were not observed in the sediments that caused
a 30% decrease in growth of C. tentans relative to that
on control sediment in which chironomids were ob-
served. This sediment toxicity is also approximately
that which kills D. magna. Some locations were
deemed very toxic by one or two assays but not toxic
by the others. The results of all of the assays were cor-
related, but none of the assays accurately predicted
the results of the other two. It was concluded that the
D. magna lethality test could be used to predict which
sediments were so toxic that benthic insects would not
be expected to be present.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Toxicity, Bioassay, Water
analysis, Comparison, Growth, Detroit River, Benthos,
Reprints, 'Water pollution detection, Daphnia magna,
Chironomus tentans, Photobacterium phosphoreum.
PB89-237721/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Additional Analysis of EPA's (Environmental Pro-
tection Agency's) 1984 Asbestos Survey Data.
Final rept. May 87-Sep 88.
Battelle Washington Operations, DC.
J. Rogers. Sep 88,84p EPA/560/5-88/010
Contracts EPA-68-02-4243, EPA-68-02-4293
Prepared in cooperation with Westat, Inc., Rockville,
MD. Research Div. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic Sub-
stances.
The report presents the results of an additional analy-
sis of data from EPA's 1984 asbestos in buildings na-
tional survey. The original survey report was entitled
'Asbestos in Buildings: A National Survey of Asbestos-
Containing Friable Materials,' EPA Report No. 560/5-
84-006. This additional analysis was undertaken to
support EPA's ongoing asbestos in buildings program.
In addition to estimates provided in the original report,
the additional analysis provides estimates of the
number of buildings and total floor area of buildings
with (a) any asbestos containing friable matenai
(ACFM), (b) any damaged ACFM, and (c) any signifi-
cantly damaged ACFM These estimates are broken
down into categories by type of ACFM, type of build-
ing, and height of building. Although condition and lo-
cation of ACFM do not necessarily imply exposure to
airborne asbestos, they are believed to be associated
with airborne asbestos exposure. The original survey
reported that 20% of public and commercial buildings
covered by the survey contain ACFM (733,000 out of
3.6 million buildings).
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Buildings, 'Insulation, Expo-
sure, Floors, Area. Commercial building, Friability,
Construction materials, National government, Thermal
insulation, Damage assessment, Surveys, Estimates,
Surfaces, Electron microscopy.
PB89-237788/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Chesapeake Bay Annual Workpian, 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
16 Mar 89,19p
The Workpian describes tasks undertaken in 1989 to
implement strategies and policies developed pursuant
to commitments set forth in the 1987 Chesapeake Bay
Agreement. The Workpian covers activities overseen
by the Chesapeake Bay Program subcommittees and
work groups in six major categories: living resources;
water quality; population growth and development;
public access; public information, education and par-
ticipation, and governance.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Chesapeake
Bay, Ecology, Natural resources, Management plan-
ning, Water quality, Population growth, Public opinion,
Education, National government, Industrial wastes,
'Clean-up operations, 'Toxic substances, State imple-
mentation plans, Municipal wastes.
PB89-237903/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Chesapeake Bay Citizen Monitoring Program
Report. Appendix 2. Data Listing by Site. July
1985-October 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
K. K. Ellett, S. Brunenmeister, and R. H. Price. Jun 89,
79p CBP/TRS-28/89
See also PB89-237911.
Lists site-specific water quality data collected by citi-
zen volunteers in a pilot project conducted by the Alli-
ance for the Chesapeake Bay under a public participa-
tion grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. The data were collected at 35 sites along two
Chesapeake tributaries, the James River in Virginia
and the Patuxent River in Maryland. Results of the
project and a summary of data are available in a sepa-
rate volume.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Water quality,
'James River, 'Patuxent River, 'Chesapeake Bay,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), Dissolved
gases, Oxygen, pH, Salinity, Clarity, Temperature, Vir-
ginia, Maryland, 'Environmental monitoring, Citizen
participation, Water pollution sampling.
PB89-237911/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Chesapeake Bay Citizen Monitoring Program
Report, July 198»-October 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
K. K. Ellett, S. Brunenmeister, and R. H. Price. Jun 89,
134p CBP/TRS-27/89
See also PB87-205159 and PB89-237903.
Reports on the results of water quality testing by citi-
zen volunteers in a pilot project initiated in July 1985 by
the Alliance for the Chesapeake Bay under a public
participation grant from the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency. Among other goals, the project was
designed to explore the feasibility of and reliability of
monitoring by volunteers. Two Chesapeake tributaries,
the James River in Virginia and the Patuxent River in
Maryland, were included in the project. The report de-
scribes the organization and administration of the
project, outlines sampling methods used, and com-
pares water qualify data collected by volunteers with
those obtained in State programs. Data are summa-
rized in Appendix I of the report; site-specific data are
available in Appendix II, published as a separate
volume.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Environmental surveys,
•James River, 'Patuxent River, 'Chesapeake Bay,
Site surveys, Feasibility, Comparison, 'Environmental
monitoring, Citizen participation, Water pollution sam-
pling.
PB89-237929/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Bay Barometer Series, April 1987-March 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Apr 89.55p CBP/TRS-26/89
A compilation of the first 24 issues of Bay Barometer, a
monthly environmental series published by the Chesa-
Peake Bay Program is presented. Initiated by the Bay
rogram Monitoring Subcommittee to provide timely
reports on two basic water quality characteristics of
the Chesapeake, dissolved oxygen and clarity, the Bay
Barometer is distributed to newspapers, newsletters,
educational institutions and other public and private or-
ganizations.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Environmental surveys,
'Chesapeake Bay, Dissolved gases, Clarity, Oxygen,
Graphs(Charts), Marine geology, Land use, Marine bi-
ology, Natural resources, Erosion, Populations, Public
relations, Aerial surveys, Aquatic animals, Water pollu-
tion, Birds, Lighthouses, Wetlands.
PB89-237960/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Transfer of 'Bacteroldes succlnogenes' (Hungate)
to 'Fibrobacter' gen. nov. as 'Fibrobacter succlno-
genes' comb. nov. and Description of 'Fibrobacter
intestinalis' sp. nov.
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign.
L. Montgomery, B. Flesher, and D. Stahl. c1988,8p
EPA/600/J-88/357
Pub. in International Jnl. of Systematic Bacteriology,
v38 n4 p430-435 Oct 88. Sponsored by Environmental
Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Comparison of 16S rRNA sequences showed that
strains classified as Bacteroides succinogenes are not
closely related to other species of Bacteroides, includ-
ing the type species Bacteroides fragiiis. Therefore,
the study proposes that B. succinogenes strains be re-
named as members of a new genus, Fibrobacter.
Based on the 16S rRNA sequence divergence be-
tween two subgroups within that genus, two species
have been formed. Isolates from the rumen are placed
in F. succinogenes; the neotype strain is S85 (ATCC
19169). Isolates from the ceca of nonruminant animals
are placed in F. intestinalis; the type strain is NR9
(ATCC 43854). Members of F. succinogenes can be
differentiated from F. intestinalis by their requirement
for biotin; the site of isolation may not be diagnostic. Fi-
brobacter succinogenes consists of two subspecies;
subsp. succinogenes strains are broad rods, often plei-
morphic and coccoid, whereas cells of subsp. elongata
are slender rods. (Copyright (c) 1988, International
Union of Microbiological Societies.)
Keywords: 'Bacteroides, Cattle, Classification, Char-
acteristics, Reprints, "Nucleic acid sequence homol-
ogy, 'Bacteroides succinogenes, 'Fibrobacter succin-
ogenes. 'Fibrobacter intestinalis, 16S ribosomal RNA,
Cecum, Fibrobacter.
PB89-237978/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Assessing Potential Effects of Incinerating Organ-
ic Wastes at Sea: Development and Field-Testing
of the Marine Incineration Biological Assessment
Sampler.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
C. Werme, P. Boehm, M. Cooke, D. Oberacker, and M.
Jackson. C1988, 5p EPA/600/J-88/358
Pub. in Marine Pollution Bulletin, v19 n11B p602-604
1988. See also PB88-133582. Prepared in cooperation
with Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
The paper discusses the development and field-test-
ing of the Marine Incineration Biological Assessment
Sampler (MIBAS), used to assess potential effects of
incinerating hazardous wastes at sea. In 1985, the U.S.
EPA developed a strategy for the research necessary
for measuring environmental and public hearth effects
of incinerating hazardous wastes at sea. One area of
the strategy addressed developing a way to sample in-
cinerator emissions and introduce them into seawater
for use as test media in toxicity tests. Responding to
the strategy, EPA developed the MIBAS system, a
system that samples incineration flue gas, cools the
emissions, and collects them in seawater-filied im-
pingers. Particulate matter and both semi-volatile and
nonvolatile organic species are collected by the train.
The system uses no materials that could in themselves
prove toxic to marine organisms. A recent modification
of the train permits collecting emissions in the first im-
pinger without bubbling, mimicking the situation in
nature, where emissions would settle onto the ocean
surface. MIBAS test have included spike-recovery,
using a gas-phase spiking system to spike compounds
into the emissions and then measuring them in the
components of the MIBAS train.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Water pollution,
'Air water interactions, 'Sea water, 'Toxicity, Field
tests, Public health, Assessments, Water impinge-
ment, Performance evaluation, Design criteria, Re-
prints, 'Marine Incineration Biological Assessment
Sampler, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Incineration, Envi-
ronment effects, Ocean disposal.
Ftexibfe3Re9fl1ona|UEmiMlone Data System (FREDS)
Source Code, Version 2,1985. Model-Simulation.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
j p. Mobley, andM. Saeger.28 Jun89, magtape
Source^ape^s8 the EBCDIC character set. This re-
. wc nmnaration to 9 track, one-half inch tape only,
fdentity recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB89-198816.
The Flexible Regional Emissions Data System
(FREDS) for the 1985 NAPAP Emissions Inventory ex-
tracts emission data, pertinent modeling parameters
and source identification information from point and
area source data (contained in processed SAS files)
and applies appropriate temporal, spatial, and pollut-
ant species allocation factors to derive a gridded, spe-
ciated, and temporally resolved emissions file suitable
as input to regional scale atmospheric simulation
models. FREDS consists of seven modules which are
used to reformat the data, apply allocation factors to
the annual emission data, and ensure the quality of
FREDS output. The seven modules are the hydrocar-
bon preprocessor, the quality control module, the
model data extraction module, the temporal allocation
module, the speciation module, the spatial allocation
module, and the model input preprocessor. Many of
the modules can be implemented in a logical se-
?uence or independently of the others in most cases,
o maximize flexibility, FREDS allows the user to
define and assign emissions of up to 15 pollutants
prior to speciation, the temporal scenario, spatial grid
origin and grid cell size, and the number and relation-
ship of pollutant subspecies. Software description: The
model is written in the FORTRAN and SAS program-
ming languages for implementation on an IBM 3090
computer using the OS/TSO operating system.
Keywords: 'Models-Simulation, 'Air pollution, Atmos-
pheric models, Magnetic tapes, 'Emission factors,
Stationary sources, Point sources, L=Fortran;SAS,
H = IBM 3090.
PB89-238133/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Economic Analysis of Proposed Revised Effluent
Standards and Limitations for the Petroleum Re-
fining Industry.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Planning and Standards.
Nov 79,90p EPA/440/2-79/027
The study analyzes the economic impact which could
result from the application of effluent standards and
limitations issued under Sections 301, 304, 306 and
307 of the Clean Water Act to the petroleum refining
industry.
Keywords: 'Petroleum refining, "Industrial waste treat-
ment, 'Water pollution control, Guidelines, Standards,
International trade, Tariffs, Capitalized costs, Operat-
ing costs, "Clean Water Act, "Best technology, 'Water
pollution economics, Economic impact.
PB89-238141/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Development Document for Proposed Effluent
Limitations Guidelines and New Source Perform-
ance Standards for the Fabricated and Reclaimed
Rubber Segment of the Rubber Processing Point
Source Category.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water and Hazardous Materials.
Aug 74,223p EPA/440/1-74/030
The document presents the findings of an extensive
study of the rubber processing industry for the purpose
of developing effluent limitations guidelines Federal
standards of performance, and pretreatment stand-
ards for the industry; to complement Sections 304,
306, and 307 of the Federal Water Pollution Control
Act as amended.
Keywords: "Fabrication, "Processing, "Rubber indus-
try, "Water pollution abatement, Guidelines, Stand-
ards, Performance evaluation, Acceptability, National
government, Point sources, Pretreatment(Water),
Water Pollution Control Act as amended.
PB88-238158/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Economic Impact Analysis of Proposed Effluent
Guidelines and Standards for Deink Subcategory
In the Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Industry.
Meta Systems, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Oct 82,103p* EPA/440/2-82/014
Contract EPA-68-01 -6162
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Water Regulations and
Standards.
The purpose of the study is to analyze the economic
impact which could result from the application of efflu-
ent standards and limitations issued under Section
301, 304, 306 and 307 of the Clean Water Act to the
pulp, paper and paperboard industry.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Paper mills,
'Pulp mills, "Paperboards, Economic impact, Guide-
lines. Assessments, Cost analysis. Forecasting, Cap-
italized costs, Employment, Demand(Economics),
Supply(Economics), 'Water pollution economics,
'Clean Water Act, 'Pollution regulations, 'Deinking,
'Polychlorinated biphenyls, Best technology, New
source performance standards, Compliance.
PB89-238166/HSU	PC A15/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Economic Impact Analysis of Proposed Effluent
Limitations Guidelines, New Source Performance
Standards and Pretreatment Standards for the
Pulp, Paper and Paperboard Mills. Point Source
Category. Volume 1. Economic Impact Analysis.
Meta Systems, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Dec 80,334p* EPA/440/2-80/086-VOL-1
Contract EPA-68-01-4675
See also Volume 2, PB89-238174. Prepared in coop-
eration with Data Resources, Inc., Lexington, MA.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Water Regulations and
Standards.
The report analyzes the economic impacts of water
pollution controls on the Pulp, Paper and Paperboard
Industry. The study was prepared under the supervi-
sion of the Office of Analysis and Evaluation, U.S. En-
vironmental Protection Agency. As required by the
Clean Water Act, the study presents for consideration
the economic impacts of regulation proposed under
that Act which would control the industry's discharge
of its effluents. The impacts analyzed are: the resulting
increase in production costs, changes in prices ana
the quantity produced, and changes in the level of
profitability. These economic impacts in turn lead to
impacts on the amount of capacity expansion or con-
traction, number of mills closed, impacts on the
number of persons employed, community impacts and
the regulations' effects on the U.S. balance of trade.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Industrial wastes,
'Paper mills, 'Puip mills, 'Paperboards, Economic
impact, Construction materials, Roofing, Assess-
ments, Guidelines, Performance standards, 'Water
pollution economics, "Pollution regulations, 'Clean
Water Act, Point sources, Best technology, New
source performance standards.
PB89-238174/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Economic Impact Analysis of Proposed Effluent
Limitations Guidelines, New Source Performance
Standards and Pretreatment Standards for th«
Pulp, Paper and Paperboard Mills. Point Source
Category. Volume 2. Detailed Description of Prod-
uct Sectors.
Meta Systems, Inc., Cambridge, MA.
Dec 80,131p* EPA/440/2-80/086-VOL-2
Contract EPA-68-01 -4675
See also Volume 1, PB89-238166. Prepared in coop-
eration with Data Resources, Inc., Lexington, MA.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Water Regulations and
Standards.
The purpose of the study is to analyze the economic
impact which could result from the application of efflu-
ent standards and limitations issued under Sections
301, 304, 306, 307 of the Clean Water Act to the pulp
paper and paperboard industry, including builders''
paper and roofing felt manufacturing.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Industrial wastes,
•Paper mills, 'Pulp milts, 'Paperboards, Economic
impact, Guidelines, Roofinq, Construction materials
Assessments, 'Water pollution economics, 'Pollution
regulations, 'Clean Water Act, Point sources, New
source performance standards, Waste recycling.
PB89-238182/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Economic Analysis of Proposed Effluent Stand-
ards and Limitations for the Metal Finishing Indus-
try.
Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., Bethesda, MD.
Aug 82,139p* EPA/440/2-82/004
Contract EPA-68-01 -6214
See also PB83-245068. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Water
Regulations and Standards.
The purpose of the study is to analyze the economic
impact which could result from the application of alter-
native BPT/BAT, PSES/PSNS limitations and stand-
ards established under the Clean Water Act.
Keywords: 'Metal finishing, "Water pollution control,
Cost analysis, Economic impact, Assessments, Stand-
ards, Capitalized costs, Forecasting, 'Pollution regula-
tions, 'Clean Water Act, 'Water pollution economics,
Best technology, New source performance standards,
Compliance.
PB89-904200/HSU	Subscription
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Publica-
tions Bibliography, Quarterly Abstract Bulletin.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Administration.
1989,4 issues
Supersedes PB88-904200.
Paper copy available on subscription, North American
Continent price $100.00/year; all others write for
quote. Single copies also available.
EPA Publications Bibliography is a quarterly abstract
bulletin containing the abstracts, corporate source,
subject, contract number and title indexes. The fourth
issue of the year contains bibliographic citations with
abstracts for the proceeding quarter and cumulative in-
dexes for the calendar year.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, *Air pollution, 'Water pol-
lution, Abstracts, Subject indexing, Authors, Technical
reports, Regulations, Standards, Waste disposal,
Public health, 'Environmental protection, Air quality
maintenance, Air pollution effects.
PB89-911800/HSU	Subscription
Pesticide Compact Label File • 1989 Update*. Ir-
regular repts.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1969, open series
Supersedes PB88-911600.
Microfiche available on subscription, North American
Continent price $100/year; all others write for quote.
Basic set available as PB89-911699.
Photographs of updated and new pesticide labels plus
updated index to the entire Compact Label File. Con-
tains a collection of Information on registered pesticide
labels. Information Includes active Ingredients and per-
centages of same; common name of active chemicals,
sites and pests for usage, dosage and safety informa-
tion. The subscription update service provides current
updates to the manual (base set).
Keywords: 'Documentation, 'Pesticides, Photo-
graphs, Microfilm, Labels, Information retrieval,
Indexes(Documentation).
PB89-911699/HSU	Subscription
Pesticide Compact Label File - 1989. (Flche 1 -
4069). Irregular repts.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jan 89, open series*
Supersedes PB88-911699.
Demand item. Updates also available on subscription
as PB89-911600.
Photographs of pesticide labels plus updated index to
the entire compact label file. The 1989 file contains
flche 1 - 4069 plus the updated index.
Keywords: 'Documentation, 'Pesticides, Microfilm,
Labels, Information retrieval, lndexes(Documentation),
Photographs, 'Consumer products.
PB89-944900/HSU	Subscription
Contract Compliance Screening System (CCSS)
Software (Version 4/89) (for Microcomputers).
Software.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
14 Apr 89, diskettes'
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskettes,
high density (1.2M), compatible with the IBM AT/PS2
microcomputer. The diskettes are in the ASCII format.
Price includes documentation, PB89-167951. Avail-
able on subscription, North American Continent price
$200.00/year; all others write for quote.
Contract Compliance Screening System (CCSS) is de-
signed to automate the determination of contractual
compliance and completeness of data submitted to
the EPA under the Routine Analytical Services (RAS)
programs of CERCLA (Comprehensive Emergency
Response Clean-up and Liability Act) and SARA (Su-
perfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act). In
order to remain consistent with the mainframe system
the PC version of CCSS is written in SAS, and requires
that SAS/PC be installed on the host PC. It will load
analytical data from diskettes into SAS file format, per-
form technical edits on the data, produce technical
defect and summary reports, and reproduce forms
which contain defects. In addition, CCSS includes soft-
ware to detect critical structural defects in the data
format to assist in identifying these for correction prior
to performing technical edits. Software Description:
The software is written in SAS, MS/DOS Batch for im-
plementation on an IBM AT, PS/2 or compatible com-
puter using the MS-DOS 3.3 operating system. 2048K
of RAM and 10 MB of disk space is required.
Keywords: 'Software, 'Contract administration, Con-
tracts, Management, Diskettes, 'Compliance, US EPA,
Comprehensive Emergency Response Clean-up and
Liability act, Superfund Amendments and Reauthoriza-
tion Act, L=SAS, H=IBM PC/AT; IBM PS/2.
PB90-100058/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Evaluation of Trend Detection Techniques for Use
In Water Quality Monitoring Programs.
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins.
J. C. Loftis, R. C. Ward, R. D. Phillips, and C. H. Taylor.
Mar 89,150p EPA/600/3-89/037
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Information goals for a long-term water quality moni-
toring program to measure the impacts due to acid pre-
cipitation were developed using the Acid Precipitation
Act of 1980 (PL 96-294, Title VII) as a basis. These
broad information goals were refined to obtain statisti-
cal hypotheses for which statistical tests could be em-
ployed as part of a data analysis plan. Seven statistical
tests were identified as capable of providing the de-
sired information regarding trends in individual sys-
tems. The tests were evaluated under various condi-
tions (i.e., distribution shape, seasonality and serial
correlation) in order to determine how well they might
perform as part of a data analysis plan. A Monte Carlo
simulation approach was used to evaluate the tests.
For annual sampling, the Kendall-tau (also known as
the Mann-Kendall) test is recommended. For seasonal
sampling, the Seasonal Kendall or analysis of covar-
iance (ANOCOV) on ranks tests are recommended.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Lakes, 'Water pollution,
'Air pollution, Precipitation(Meteorology), Trends, Sta-
tistical tests, Spatial distribution, Seasonal variations,
Detection, Monte Carlo method, Evaluation, 'Water
quality monitoring, Acid precipitation, Mann-Kendall
test.
PB90-100447/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Optimizing Transfer Efficiency In Spray Painting.
Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air end Energy Engineering Research Lab.
C. H. Darvin. c1987,4p EPA/600/J-87/481
Pub. in Plating and Surface Finishing, v74 n7 p12 and
p72 Jul 87.
The paper describes an extensive program to define
the effects of operating and maintenance practices on
the transfer efficiency of spray painting. Three spray
painting systems were used: air-atomized convention-
al, air-atomized electrostatic, and airless conventional.
More than 30 operating variables were initially identi-
fied and evaluated. Eight were found to be most impor-
tant and received intensive testing: restricted air lines,
booth air rate, gun cleanliness, restricted paint lines,
fan or shaping air, gun tip erosion, electrode position,
and tip voltage.
Keywords: 'Spray painting, 'Mass transfer, 'Efficien-
cy, Atomizing, Air pollution, Aerosol generators, Spray
guns, Reprints, Stationary sources.
PB90-100454/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Comparison of Drinking Water Mutagenicity with
Leaching of Polycycllc Aromatic Hydrocarbons
from Water Distribution Pipes. Journal article.
Syracuse Research Corp., NY. Life and Environmental
Sciences Div.
D. K. Basu, J. Saxena, F. W. Stoss, J. Santodonato,
and M. W. Neal. C1987, 20p EPA/600/J-87/482
Grant EPA-R-806413
Pub. in Chemosphere, v16 n10-12 p2595-2612 Dec
87. Prepared in cooperation with Center for Environ-
mental Information, Rochester, NY. Sponsored by En-
vironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
The primary objectives of the study were to examine
the changes in concentration of six polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAH) and the possibility of changes in
mutagenic potential of treated waters as a result of
their passage through commonly used distribution
pipes. With tne exception of the finished water taken at
one treatment plant in which the total concentration of
the six PAH was 138.5 parts per trillion (ppt), the total
initial concentration in all other treated water ranged
from 0 to 13.4 ppt. The corresponding total PAH con-
centration in water after passage through the distribu-
tion pipes varied from 0 to 61.6 ppt. This demonstrated
that PAH concentration in water can increase as a
result of their passage through coated distribution
pipes. Mutagenic activity was also detected in many of
the treated water samples, however, the levels of this
activity did not correlate with either the transit of water
through the distribution system or the levels of PAH in
the water. There was some evidence to indicate that
the water treatment process itself may have contribut-
ed to the mutagenicity observed in the finished water.
Keywords: 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, 'Muta-
gens, 'Potable water, Toxicology, Water pipelines.
Comparison, Conditioning(Treating), Salmonella typhi-
murium, Tables(Data), Reprints, Water pollution
effects(Humans), Mutagenicity tests.
PB90-100462/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Effects of Chronic Chlorine Exposure on Litter
Processing in Outdoor Experimental Streams.
Journal article.
Minnesota Univ., St. Paul. Dept. of Forest Resources.
R. M. Newman, J. A. Perry, E. Tam, and R. L. Crawford.
C1987,16p EPA/60O/J-87/483
Pub. in Freshwater Biology 18, p415-428 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Minnesota Univ., Navarre.
Gray Freshwater Biological Inst. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
The effects of chlorine on litter (Potamogeton crispus
L.) processing were examined usinp six outdoor exper-
imental streams. Downstream portions of two streams
were dosed at c. 10 microgram/1 Total Residual Chlo-
rine (TRC), another stream at 64 micrograms/1, and
another stream at 230 micrograms/1. Two control
streams were not dosed; upstream riffles of each
stream served as instream controls. Two 35 day litter
breakdown (per cent AFDW remaining) experiments
indicated significantly lower decay rates in the high
dose riffle. No other concentration ol chlorine slgnni-
cantly affected decay rate. Overall results indicate that
the high dose (c. 230 mlcrograms/l TRC) of chlorine
reduced litter processing rates partly by reducing initial
microbial conditioning, but primarily by reducing the
colonization of amphipod shredders.
Keywords: 'Biodeterloration, 'Detritus, "Chlorination,
'Surface waters. Water treatment, Organic wastes,
Aquatic microbiology, Graphs(Charts), Invertebrates,
Exposure, Reprints, 'Potamogeton crispus, 'Litter,
Water pollution effects.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-100470/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Structure and Organization ot Methane Genes.
Journal article.
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept. of Microbiology.
J. N. Reeve. C1988,12p EPA/600/J-88/367
Grant EPA-R-812774
Pub. in Anaerobes Today, p95-104 1988. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Risk Reduction Engineering Lab., Department of
Energy, Washington, DC., and Office of Naval Re-
search, Arlington, VA.
Methanogenesis is a major pathway in the global cy-
cling of carbon. Anaerobic biodegradation is used both
for detoxification and disposal of wastes and for con-
version of biomass to the readily combustible fuel,
methane. The microorganisms that synthesize meth-
ane, the methanogens, are anaerobic archaebacteria;
however, methanogen genes have been shown to
closely resemble eubacterial genes and that they can
be functionally expressed in eubacterial cells. The pos-
sibility therefore exists to use recombinant DNA proce-
dures to investigate and dissect the regulation and bio-
chemistry of methanogenesis. The paper analyzes
currently available biochemical information to identify
enzymes essential for methanogenesis, enzymes that
could therefore be considered to be encoded by meth-
ane genes. (Copyright (c) 1988 John Wiley & Sons
Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Genes, 'Biodeterioration, 'Carbon diox-
ide, 'Methane, Biomass, Enzymes, Metabolism, Catal-
ysis, Escherichia coli, Mutation, Reprints, 'Methano-
Senic bacteria, Gene expression, Recombinant DNA,
lethanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, Methano-
coccus vannielii, Methanosarcina.
PB90-100488/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Archaebacterlal RNA Polymerase Binding Site
and Transcription Initiation of the hlaA Gene In
'Methanococcus vannielii'. Journal article.
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept. of Microbiology.
J. W. Brown, M. Thomm, G. S. Beckler, G. Frey, and K.
O. Stetter. C1988, 17p EPA/600/J-88/368
Grant EPA-R-810340
Pub. in Nucleic Acids Research, v16 n1 pi 35-150
1988. Prepared in cooperation with Regensburg Univ.
(Germany, F.R.). Lehrstuhl fuer Mikrobiologie. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati,
OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab., and Department
of Energy, Washington, DC.
Transcription initiation of the hisA gene in vivo in the
archaebacterium Methanococcus vannieliim as deter-
mined by nuclease S1 and primer extension analyses
occurs 73 base pairs (bp) upstream of the translation
initiation site. Binding of M vannielii RNA polymerase
protects 43 bp of DNA, from 35 bp upstream (-35) to 8
bp downstream (+8) of the hisA mRNA initiation site,
from digestion by DNase I and exonuclease III. An
A f T rich region, with a sequence which conforms to
the consensus sequence for promoters of stable RNA-
encoding genes in methanogens, is found at the same
location (-25) upstream of the polypeptide-encoding
hisA gene. It appears therefore that a TATA-like se-
quence is also an element of promoters which direct
transcription of polypeptide-encoding genes in this ar-
chaebacterium. (Copyright (c) IRL Press Limited,
Oxford, England.)
Keywords: Reprints, 'Archaebacteria, "Methanococ-
cus vannielii, 'RNA polymerases. 'Genetic transcrip-
tion, Bindingsites, Promotorregions(Genetics),Bacte-
rial genes, Restriction mapping, DNA probes Polya-
crylamide gel electrophoresis.
PB90-100496/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Structure and Comparative Analysis of the Genes
Encoding Component C of Metnyl Coenzyme M
Reductase In the Extremely Thermophilic Archae-
bacterium 'Methanothermus fervldus'. Journal arti-
cf©.
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept. of Microbiology.
C. F. Well. D. S. Cram, B. A. Sherf, and J. N. Reeve.
C1988,12p EPA/600/J-88/369
Grants EPA-R-812774, N00014-86-K-0211
Pub. In Jnl. of Bacteriology, v170 n10 p4718-4726
1988. Sponsored in part by Grant DE-FG02-
1378 Vol. 90, No. 24
87ER13731. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering
Lab., Office ot Naval Research, Arlington, VA., and De-
partment of Energy, Washington, DC.
A 6-kilobase-pair region of the genome of the extreme-
ly thermophilic archaebacterium Methanothermus fer-
vidus which encodes the alpha, beta, and gamma su-
bunit polypeptides of component C of methyl coen-
zyme M reductase was cloned and sequenced. Genes
encoding the beta (mcrB) and gamma (mcrG) subunits
were separated by two open reading frames designat-
ed merC and meru which encode unknown gene prod-
ucts. The M. fervidus genes were preceded by ribo-
some-binding sites, separated by short A + T-rich in-
tergenic regions, contained unexpectedly few NNC
codons, and exhibited inflexible codon usage at some
locations. Sites of transcription initiation and termina-
tion flanking the mcrBDCGA cluster of genes in M. fer-
vidus were identified. The sequences of the genes, the
encoded polypeptides, and transcription regulatory
signals in M. fervidus were compared with the function-
ally equivalent sequences from two mesophilic meth-
anogens (Methanococcus vannielii and Methanosar-
cina barken) and from a moderate thermophile (Meth-
anobacterium thermoautotrophicum Marburg).
Keywords: Peptides, Micrococcaceae, Deoxyribonu-
cleic acids, Reprints, "Methanothermus fervidus, 'Ar-
chaebacteria, 'Genetic transcription, 'Methyl coen-
zyme M reductase, Molecular cloning, Base sequence,
Amino acid sequence, Codon.
PB90-100504/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Conservation of Structure in the Human Gene En-
coding Arglnlnosuccinate Synthetase and the
argG Genes of the Archaebacteria 'Methanosar-
cina barkerl' MS and 'Methanococcus vannielii'.
Journal article.
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept. of Microbiology.
C. J. Morris, and J. N. Reeve. C1988, Bp EPA/600/J-
88/370
Grants EPA-R-812774, N00014-86-K-0211
Pub. in Jnl. of Bacteriology, v170 n7 P3125-3130 Jul
88. Sponsored in part by Contract DE-FG02-
87ER13731 A. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering
Lab., Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA., and De-
partment of Energy, Washington, DC.
The DNA sequences of the argG genes of Methano-
sarcina barkeri MS and Methanococcus vannielii were
determined. The polypeptide products of these meth-
anogen genes have amino acid sequences which are
50% identical to each other and 38% identical to the
amino acid sequence encoded by the exons of the
human argininosuccinate synthetase gene. Introns in
the human chromosomal gene separate regions which
encode amino acids conserved in both the archaebac-
terial and human gene products. An open reading
frame immediately upstream of argG in Methanosar-
cina barkeri MS codes for an amino acid sequence
which is 45 and 31 % identical to the sequences of the
large subunits of carbamyl phosphate synthetase in
Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, re-
spectively. If this gene encodes carbamyl phosphate
synthetase in Methanosarcina barkeri, this is the first
example in an archaebacterium of physical linkage of
genes that encode enzymes which catalyze reactions
in the same amino acid biosynthetic pathway. (Copy-
right (c) 1988, American Society of Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Deoxyribonucleic acids, 'Genes, Humans,
Escherichia coli, Reprints, 'Archaebacteria, 'Methan-
osarcina barkeri MS, 'Methanococcus vannielii, 'Nu-
cleic acid sequence homology, 'Argininosuccinate
synthetase, Exons, Introns, Base sequence, Amino
acid sequence, Restriction mapping.
PB90-100512/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
RNA Polymerase-Blndlng and Transcription initi-
ation Sites Upstream of the Methyl Reductase
Operon of 'Methanococcus vannielii'. Journal arti-
cte.
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept. of Microbiology.
M. Thomm, B. A. Sherf, and J. N Reeve. c1988,6p
EPA/600/J-88/371
Grant EPA-R-812774
Pub. in Jnl. of Bacteriology, v170 n4pl958-1961 1988.
Prepared in cooperation with Regensburg Univ. (Ger-
many, F.R.). Lehrstuhl fuer Mikrobiologie. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Risk Reduction Engineering Lab., and North Atlantic
Treaty Organization, Brussels (Belgium).
RNA polymerase, purified from Methanococcus van-
nielii, was shown by exonuclease III footprinting to bind
to a 49-base-pair (bp) region of DNA in the intergenic
region upstream of mcrB. S1 nuclease protection ex-
periments demonstrated that transcription initiation in
vivo occurs within this region at 32 or 33 bp 5' to the
ATG translation initiation codon of mcrB and 19 or 20
bp 3' to a TATA box. (Copyright 1988, American Socie-
ty for Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Micrococcaceae, Electrophoresis, Bind-
ing, Deoxyribonucleic acids, Reprints, 'Genetic tran-
scription, "RNA polymerases, Exonuc leases, Codon,
Methonococcus vannielii.
PB90-100S20/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Cloning, Physical Mapping and Expression of
Chromosomal Genes Specifying Degradation of
the Herbicide 2,4,5-T by 'Pseudomonas cepacia'
AC1100. Journal article.
Illinois Univ. at the Medical Center, Chicago. Dept of
Microbiology and Immunology.
U. M. X. Sangodkar, P. J. Chapman, and A. M.
Chakrabarty. C1988,13p EPA/600/J-88/372
Grants EPA-R-812660, PHS-ES-04050-3
Pub. in Gene 71, n2 p267-277 1988. Sponsored in part
by grant EPA-R-812011-01. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL., and National
Inst, of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
A genomic library of total DNA of Pseudomonas cepa-
cia AC1100 was constructed on a broad-host-range
cosmid vector pCP13 in E. coli AC80. A 25-kb segment
was isolated from the library that complemented a
Tn5-generated, 2,4,5-T minus mutant, P. cepacia
PT88. A simple colorimetric assay was developed to
detect the presence of this active enzyme in intact
cells and was used to determine the expression ot
complementing genes. Subcloning experiments
showed that a 4-kb BamHl-Pstl fragment and a 290-bp
Pstl-EcoRI fragment, separated by 1.3-kb, were re-
quired for complementation. Both fragments were
identified to be chromosomal in origin. Hybridization
studies using the subcloned fragments revealed that in
addition to a Tn5 insertion, mutant PT88 contained an
extensive chromosomal deletion accounting for Ita
2,4,5-T-phenotype. The cloned fragments did not
show homology to plasmid DNAs carrying degradative
genes for toluene, naphthalene, and 3-chloroben-
zoate. (Copyright 1988 Elsevier Science Publisher*
B.V. (Biomedical Division).)
Keywords: "Herbicides, "Pseudomonas, Biodeteriora-
tion, Deoxyribonucleic acids, Naphthalene, Toulene,
Reprints, 'Molecular cloning, 'Gene expression regu-
lation, 'Chromosome mapping, Pseudomonas cepacia
AC1100, T 2-4-5 herbicide, Cnlorobenzoates, Nucleic
acid hybridization, Nucleic acid sequence homology.
PB90-100538/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Mlcromorphology of Neogastropod Egg Cap-
sules. Journal article.
University of West Florida, Pensacola. Dept. of Biol-
ogy.
C. N. D'Asaro. C1988,18p EPA/600/J-88/373
Grant EPA-R-811649
Pub. in The Nautilus 102, n4 p134-148 1988. Spon-
sored by Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze
FL.
Egg capsule micromorphology of eight species of neo-
gastropods (Chicoreus tlonler dilectus, Phyllonotus
pomum, Cantharus multangulus, C. canceilartua,
Conus floridanus floridensis, C. jaspideus steams),
Granulina ovulitormis, and Margmella aureocincta)
was studied with light microscopy by examining very
thick, toluidine blue stained sections. Laminae ex-
posed by fracturing the sections, and their reactions to
the stain provided the characters used to describe mi-
cromorphology. The results showed that muricaceans
and buccinaceans have complex but microstructurally
similar egg capsules, while conids and margtneilkia
have egg capsules with taxonomically distinct microv
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Morphology, "Mollusca, "Eggs, Microsco-
py, Taxonomy, Laminates, Staining, Structural analy-
sis, Marine biology, Microstructure, Encapsulating, Re-
prints, Species diversity.
PB90-100546/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
Mlcronucleu*, Chromosome Aberration, and
Small-Colony TK Mutant Analysis to Quantitate
Chromosomal Damage In L5178Y Mouse Lym-
phoma Cells. Journal article.
Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
C. L. Doerr, K. Harrington-Brock, and M. M. Moore.
C1989,16p EPA/600/J-89/047
Contract EPA-68-02-4456
Pub. in Mutation Research, v222 p191-203, 1989.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
The micronucleus test has been advocated as a rapid
and easy alternative to aberration analysis. In testing
the hypothesis that the small-colony thymidine kinase
deficient mutants of L5176Y/TK+/- -3.7.2C mouse
lymphoma cells represent an estimate of the clasto-
genicity of test chemicals, gross aberration analysis
has been performed. The present study was initiated
to determine if the cytokinesis block method of micron-
ucleus analysis could be performed in mouse lym-
phoma cells. In this study, 12 compounds having vary-
ing clastogenic potencies were evaluated. Three end-
points, the number of metaphases with aberrations,
number of binucleates with micronuclei, and small-
colony TK mutant frequency, were evaluated. All three
endpoints, the number of metaphases with aberra-
tions, number of binucleates with micronuclei, and
small-colony TK mutant frequency, were evaluated. All
three endpoints can be used to estimate the clasto-
genicity of test agents. As would be expected, the
three endpoints vary in the relative magnitude of the
quantitated response. This difference likely results
from the types of clastogenic damage detected by
each endpoint. (Copyright (c) 1989 Elsevier Science
Publishers B.V. (Biomedical Division.)
Keywords: 'Chromosome abnormalities, Lymphomas,
Mutation, Cells(Biology), Mice, Actinomycin, Methyl-
sulfoxide, Methylcholanthrene, Reprints, 'Micronu-
cleus test, 'Toxic substances, Adriamycin, Bleomycin,
Methylmethacrylates, Proflavine, Hazardous waste, n-
AMSA.
PB90-100563/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Air Quality Data Analysis System tor Interrelating
Effect*, Standard*, and Needed Source Reduc-
tion*: Part 10. Potential Ambient 03 Standard* to
Umit Soybean Crop Reduction. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
R.I. Larsen, T. R. McCurdy, P.M. Johnson, and W. W.
Heck. c1988, 9p EPA/600/J-88/391
Pub. in APCA Jnl., v38 n12 Dec 88. See also PB87-
195376. Prepared In cooperation with Department of
Agriculture, Raleigh, NC., and North Carolina State
Univ. at Raleigh. Dept of Botany.
Soybean percent crop reduction is estimated as a
function of ambient 03 concentrations for each of 80
agricultural sites in the National Aerometric Data Bank
(NADB) for each available year of data for years 1981 -
1985. Fourteen 03 concentration statistics are calcu-
lated for each of the resulting 320 site-years of data.
The two statistics that correlate best with estimated
crop reduction are an effective mean 03 concentration
(1 percent of variance unexplained) and an arithmetic
mean 03 concentration 94 percent unexplained). The
worst correlation of the 14 is for the statistic used in
the present 03 National Ambient Air Quality Standard,
the second highest daily maximum 1-h 03 concentra-
tion (42 percent unexplained). The number of site-
years for estimated percent soybean yield reductions
is plotted versus Increasing 03 concentrations for
each of the 14 03 statistics. A maximum crop reduc-
tion line is drawn on each plot. The lines are used to
estimate (and list) potential ambient 03 standards for
each of the 14 statistics that would limit soybean crop
reduction at agricultural NAOB sites to 5,10,15, or 20
percent.
Keywords: 'Soybean plants, 'Plant growth, 'Ozone,
'Farm crops, Soil water, Statistical analysis, Plant
physiology, Site surveys, Graphs(Charts), Time stud-
ies, 'Air quality, Air pollution effects(Plants).
PB90-100561/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.
Microorganism Levels in Air Near Spray Irrigation
of Municipal Wastewater The Lubbock Infection
Surveillance Study. Journal article.
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
D. E. Camann, B. E. Moore, H. J. Harding, and C. A.
Sorber. C1988,13p EPA/600/J-88/392
Grants EPA-R-807501, EPA-S-806204
Pub. in Jnl. Water Pollution Control Federation, v60
n11 p1960-1970 Nov 88. Prepared in cooperation with
Texas Univ. Medical Branch at Galveston, and Pitts-
burgh Univ., PA. School of Engineering. Sponsored by
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
The Lubbock Infection Surveillance Study (LISS) in-
vestigated possible adverse effects on human health
from slow-rate land application of municipal
wastewater. Extensive air sampling was conducted to
characterize the irrigation site as a source of infectious
microbial aerosols. Spray irrigation of poor-quality
wastewater received directly from the treatment plant
significantly elevated air densities of fecal coliforms,
fecal streptococci, mycobacteria, and coliphage above
ambient background levels for at least 200 m down-
wind. Enteroviruses were repeatedly recovered at 44
to 60 m downwind at a higher level (geometric mean =
0.05 pfu/m3) than observed at other wastewater aero-
sol sites in the U.S. and in Israel. Wastewater storage
in reservoirs reduced downwind air densities of indica-
tor organisms by two orders of magnitude.
Keywords: 'Wastewater, 'Biological aerosols, 'Micro-
organisms, Enteroviruses, Irrigation, Coliform bacteria,
Streptococcus, Mycobacterium, Coliphage, Waste
treatment, Reprints, 'Air pollution effects(Humans).
PB90-100579/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH. Toxicol-
ogy and Microbiology Div.
CroM-Spacle* Transmission of 'Glardla spp.: In-
oculation of Beavers and Muskrats with Cyst* of
Human, Beaver, Mouse, and Musk rat Origin. Jour-
nal article.
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis.
S. L. Erlandsen, L. A. Sherlock, M. Januschka, D. G.
Schupp, and F. W. Schaefer. C1988,11p EPA/600/J-
88/395
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v54
n11 p2777-2785 Nov 88. Sponsored by Health Effects
Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH. Toxicology and Micro-
biology Div.
Giardia cysts isolated from humans, beavers, mice,
and muskrats were tested in cross-species transmis-
sion experiments for their ability to infect either bea-
vers or muskrats. Giardia cysts, derived from multiple
symptomatic human donors and used for inoculation
of beavers or muskrats, were shown to be viable by in-
corporation of fluorogenic dyes, excystation, arid their
ability to produce infections in the Mongolian gerbil
model. Inoculation of beavers with 5 x 10 sup 5 Giardia
lamblia cysts resulted in the infection of 75% of the
animals (n = 8), as judged by the presence of fecal
cysts or intestinal trophozoites at necropsy. The mean
prepatent period was 13.1 days. An Infective dose ex-
periment, using 5 x 10 sup 1 to 5 x 10 sup 5 viable G.
lamblia cysts collected by fluorescence-activated cell
sorting, demonstrated that doses of between, less
than 50, and less than 500 viable cysts were required
to produce infection in beavers. Scanning electron mi-
croscopy of beaver small intestine revealed that at-
tachment of G. lamblia trophozoites produced lesions
In the microvillous border. Inoculation of muskrats with
G. lamblia cysts produced infections when the dose of
cysts was equal to or greater than 1.25 x 10 sup 5. The
inoculation of beavers with Giardia ondatrae or Giardia
muris cysts did not produce any infection; however, the
administration to muskrats of Giardia cysts of beaver
origin resulted In the infection of 62% of the animals (n
= 8), with a prepatent period of 5 days. (Copyright (c)
1988, American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Giardia, 'Inoculation, 'Cysts, 'Disease
vectors, Humans, Mice, Rodents, Giardiasis, Reprints,
'Species specificity, Zoonoses, Drug therapy, Scan-
ning electron microscopy.
PB90-100587/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Effects of Streamflow Variation on Critical Water
Quality for Multiple Discharges of Decaying Pol-
lutants. Journal article.
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Civil Engi-
neering.
J. W. Eheart. C1988,10p EPA/600/J-88/396
Pub. in Water Resources Research, v24 nl p1-8 Jan
88. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The assumption that the worst water quality occurs at
the lowest streamflow may not always hold in in-
stances involving multiple discharges and nonconser-
vative pollutants. The additional dilution resulting from
increased streamflow may be offset by adverse
changes in the parameters that govern water quality
and in decreased residence time, which allows the
stream less time to recover from the effect of one dis-
charge before receiving another. The paper addresses
the question of whether, with multiple sources of de-
caying pollutants, water quality might worsen with in-
creasing streamflow. For an isothermal uniform stream
it is shown that the pattern of discharge that maximizes
the derivative with respect to streamflow of critical dis-
solved oxygen deficit or the concentration of a sub-
stance exhibiting a first-order decay is an infinite uni-
form distributed load. Theoretical results presented
here indicate that for most natural streams the tradi-
tional assumption, that the lowest streamflow is the
worst from a water quality perspective, will usually be
valid for first-order pollutants. Nevertheless, they also
lead to the expectation that increases in impacts with
increasing streamflow might occur for dissolved
oxygen, especially in highly polluted and regulated
streams. (Copyright (c) 1988 The American Geophysi-
cal Union.)
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Streams,
'Water flow, 'Decay, Unloading, Numerical analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Oxygen, Biochemical
oxygen demand, 'Water pollution sampling, Nonpoint
sources, Point sources.
PB90-100595/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Some Change* In Out Bacterial Flora of Field-
Grown 'Peridroma aaucla' (Llpidoptera: Noctul-
dae) When Brought Into the Laboratory. Journal
article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
B. Lighthart. C1988, 5p EPA/600/J-88/398
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v54
n7 p1896-1898 Jul 88. Prepared in cooperation with
American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC.
Removal of Peridroma saucis from the field to the lab-
oratory caused little change in the quantity of faculta-
tive and aerobic bacteria in the gut but produced signif-
icant qualitative and quantitative changes in distin-
guishable groups of the family Enterobacteriaceae in
the gut. (Copyright (c) 1988, American Society for
Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Lepidoptera, 'Aerobic bacteria, 'Entero-
bacteriaceae, Digestion(Biology), Qualitative analysis,
Bacteriology, Quantitative analysis, Reprints, Peri-
droma saucis.
PB90-100603/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Procedure for Evaluating th« Potential Ability of
Bird* to Avoid Chemically Contaminated Food.
Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
R. S. Bennett, and D. W. Schafer. c1988,6p EPA/600/
J-88/399
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v7
p359-362 1988. Prepared in cooperation with Oregon
State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Statistics.
The report describes a procedure for evaluating the
potential ability of birds to avoid chemically contami-
nated food. The discrimination threshold is defined as
the dietary concentration above which test animals will
decrease the proportion of treated food they consume
if untreated alternative foods are available. Two-phase
regression analysis is sued to calculate the discrimina-
tion threshold, 95% confidence interval and the good-
ness of fit of the model. An index to evaluate the rela-
tive potentials for food avoidance behavior between
chemicals is described. (Copyright (c) 1988 SETAC.)
Keywords: 'Birds, 'Animal behavior, 'Feeding habits,
'Food contamination, Toxicology, Exposure, Avoid-
ance learning, Reprints.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-100611/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Ozone and Sulfur Dioxide on Yield of
Red Clover and Timothy. Journal article.
Boyce Thompson Inst, for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY.
R. J. Kohut, J. A. Laurence, and R. G. Amundson.
c1988,8p EPA/600/ J-88/400
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality, v17 n4 p580-584,
1988. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR., and Electric Power Research Inst.,
Palo Alto, CA.
A two-year study was conducted to evaluate the ef-
fects of 03 and S02, both alone and in combination,
on the yield and quality of a mixed crop of red clover
and timothy. Sulfur dioxide had no effect on yield and
there were no interactions between the pollutants. In
the first year of the study, exposure to increasing con-
centrations of 03 led to reductions in yield primarily
through reductions in the yield of red clover; there was
little effect on the growth of timothy. In the second
year, red clover had become less prevalent in the
stand and 03 had no impact on total yield since the
stand was dominated by the more 03-resistant timo-
thy. In summary, the effect of 03 on the yield of the
stand of mixed forage was not only a function of the
concentration of the pollutant, but also of the relative
OS-sensitivity and contribution to the stand for each
species. Evaluations of crop quality indicated that with
the exception of an Increase in foliar sulfur, none of the
treatments altered the variables assessed.
Keywords: "Ozone, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Forage crops,
Yield, Plant growth, Reprints, "Red clover, Timothy,
"Air pollution effects(Plants), Trifolium pratense, Dose
response relationships.
PB90-100629/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Regional Approach for Assessing Attainable Sur-
face Water Quality: An Ohio Case Study. Journal
artide
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
D. P. Larsen, D. R. Dudley, and R. M. Hughes. C1988,
8p* EPA/600/ J-88/401
Contract EPA-68-03-3246
Pub. in Jnl. of Soil and Water Conservation p171-176
Mar-Apr 88. Prepared in cooperation with Ohio State
Environmental Protection Agency, Columbus. Spon-
sored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Land classification systems are useful for identifying
areas of relative homogeneity among which attainable
water quality varies according to predominant land
type and present use. Five ecological regions in Ohio
were delineated to evaluate a framework for assessing
attainable water quality in small streams. Streams in
relatively unlmpacted, representative watersheds were
selected in each region. Various water quality variables
were sampled over a 16-month interval from July 1983
through November 1984. The highest water quality
consistently occurred in the southeastern region; the
lowest in the northwestern region. The correspond-
ence between spatial patterns In water quality varia-
bles and the delineated regions, together with multivar-
iate classjfication of the streams based on their major
ion chemistry and nutrient richness, support the hy-
pothesis that regional differences in attainable surface
water quality occur and that a land classification
system is useful for characterizing attainable water
quality goals. Such a framework should be useful for
planning, implementing, and monitoring pollution con-
trol programs.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Land use, Classifying,
Ohio, Water chemistry, Nutrients, Reprints, 'Ecosys-
tems, Regional analysis, Pollution monitoring, Case
studies, Environmental protection.
PB90-100637/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Watershed versus In-Lake Alkalinity Generation:
A Comparison ot Rates Ualng Input-Output Stud-
ies. Journal article.
NSI Technology Services Corp., Corvallis, OR.
p. w. Shaffer, R. P. Hooper, K. N. Eshleman, and M. R.
Church. C1988,13p EPA/600/ J-88/402
Pub. in Water, Air and Soil Pollution 39, p263-273,
1988. Prepared in cooperation with Meta Systems,
Inc., Cambridge, MA. Sponsored by Corvallis Environ-
mental Research Lab., OR.
As a means of assessing the relative contributions of
watershed (terrestrial) and in-lake processes to overall
lake/watershed alkalinity budgets, alkalinity produc-
tion rates for watersheds and low alkalinity lakes were
compiled from the literature and compared. Analysis of
data indicates that for low alkalinity systems, areal al-
kalinity production rates for watersheds and lakes are
approximately equal. The relationship suggests that
watershed area to lake area ratio can be used as a
convenient estimator of the relative importance of wa-
tershed and in-lake sources of alkalinity for drainage
lake systems. For precipitation-dominated seepage
lakes and other systems where hydrology limits soil-
water contact, hydrologic flow paths and residence
times can be of overriding importance in determining
alkalinity sources. For regions dominated by drainage
lakes with high watershed area to lake area ratios
(such as the Northeastern U.S.), however, alkalinity
budgets are dominated by watershed processes.
Omission of in-lake alkalinity consideration for most
lakes in such regions would have little impact on com-
puted alkalinity budgets or on predicted response to
changes in acidic deposition loadings. (Copyright (c)
1988 by Kluwer Academic Publishers.)
Keywords: 'Neutralizing, 'Alkalinity, 'Watersheds,
'Lakes, Water pollution, Reviews, Tables(Data), Re-
prints, Acid deposition.
PB90-100645/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Toxicity of Synthetic Pyrethroids to Freshwater
Invertebrates. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
R. L. Anderson. c1989,10p EPA/600/J-89/033
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v8
P403-4101989.
The report reviews the laboratory toxicity data on fresh
water target and nontarget invertebrates exposed to
pyrethroids and evaluates the state of the data. Early
in their development, pyrethroids were shown to be
highly effective insecticides against mosquitoes,
blackflies and chironomids. Acute LC50 values for
these target animals were often less than 1 micro g/L.
Acute exposures of nontarget invertebrates showed
that some species were as sensitive as the target in-
sects. Longer exposures, up to 28 days, showed that
lethal effect concentrations were lowered with in-
creased exposure duration. Unfortunately, the long-ex-
posure tests were limited to a few species and a few
pyrethroids, so no general commentary on no effect
concentrations is possible. Some species were affect-
ed at concentrations near the analytical detection limit
for pyrethroids. The data reviewed show that tempera-
ture, life cycle stage and exposure duration will be criti-
cal factors in developing the no effect concentrations
that are important in risk assessments for nontarget in-
vertebrates exposed to these insecticides.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Invertebrates, 'Aquatic biology,
Pesticides, Culicidae, Fresh water, Zooplankton, Re-
prints, 'Pyrethroids, 'Water pollution effects(Animals),
Risk assessment, Acute exposure, Chironomids,
Blackflies.
PBAO-100652/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
Sediment Reworking and Transport in Eaatern
Lake Superior, in situ Rare Earth Element Tracer
Studies. Journal article.
Wisconsin Univ.-Milwaukee. Center for Great Lakes
Studies.
J. R. Krazoski. C1989,10pCONTRIB-320, EPA/600/
J-89/034
Grant EPA-R-813538
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research, v15 n1 p26-33
1989. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.,
Duluth, MN., Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Sea Grant
Inst., and National Undersea Research Program,
Groton, CT.
Considerable attention has been focused on under-
standing modes and rates of post-depositional sedi-
ment reworking in the Great Lakes with the result that
virtually all theoretical models describing particle dy-
namics or reconstructing the history of pollutant input
in the lakes include surficial sediment reworking terms.
A rare earth element (REE) tracer pellet was deployed
at the floor of the lie Parisienne basin of eastern Lake
Superior to measure representative sediment rework-
ing and transport processes in the benthic boundary
layer of the profundal Great Lakes. Samarium oxide, a
high neutron-capture cross-section REE, was added at
a concentration 30,000 greater than found naturally in
the lake sediments. After 23 days the study site was
reoccupied and eleven submersible-taken punch
cores were collected from within and around the la-
beled area. Verticle core sections were then examined
by instrumental neutron activation analysis. These re-
sults demonstrate the utility of in situ tracer studies at
profundal depths and suggest that longer-term studies
will permit accurate measurement of post-depositional
redistribution processes at the sediment-water inter-
face of freshwater and marine environments.
Keywords: 'Lake Superior, 'Sediments, 'Rare earth
elements, 'Site surveys, Radioactive materials. Neu-
tron activation analysis, Pollen, Reprints, 'Tracer stud-
ies, 'Sediment-water interfaces, 'Environmental
transport, 'Water pollution sampling, In-situ process-
ing, Path of pollutants.
PB90-100678/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Bostrlchobranchus digonas: Confirmation of it*
Presence In the Gulf of Mexico. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
G. E. Walsh. c1989,7p EPA/600/J-89/036,
CONTRIB-643
Pub. in Florida Scientist, v52 n1 p100-103 1989.
Comparison of the developmental stages of Bostrlcho-
branchus digonas Abbott and B. pilularis Verrill shows
that the species are distinct. Although B. pilularis has
been reported from the Gull of Mexico, descriptions
are similar to those of B. digonas. Published literature
and information presented here indicate that B. di-
gonas is present in shallow water between central and
northwestern Florida.
Keywords: 'Gulf of Mexico, Development, Shallow
water, Taxonomy, Characteristics, Reprints, 'Ascidia,
•Bostrichobrancnus digonas, * Bostrichobranchus pilu-
laris, Species specificity.
PB90-100793/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Enhanced Sensitivity In Liquid Chromatography/
Thermospray Maas Spectrometry of Dyee Using a
Wire Repeller. Journal article.
Weizmann Inst, of Science, Rehovoth (Israel).
J. Yinon, T. L. Jones, and L. D. Betowski. C1989,6p
EPA/600/J-89/029
Grant EPA-R-815425
Pub. in Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry,
v3 n2 p38-41 1989. Sponsored by Environmental Mon-
itoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The need for more sensitive methods of detection for
the analysis of dyes has led to the investigation of the
use of a repeller in the thermospray ionization source
of a liquid chromatography/rpass spectrometry instru-
ment. The repeller is actually a wire situated opposite
the extraction cone of the ion source and is operated
at a voltage of 200-250 V. An increased sensitivity of
about two orders of magnitude is reported for Disperse
Blue 79, a widely used azo dye. An increase in the rela-
tive intensity of the molecular ion versus the fragment
ions is also observed. It is believed that the narrow
electric field produced between the wire repeller and
extraction cone accelerates the ions towards the hole
of the cone and thus increases the number of ions en-
tering the analyzer.
Keywords: 'Azo dyes, 'Mass spectroscopy, 'Ion
sources, Sensitivity, Detection, Analyzers, Wire,
'Liquid column chromatography.
PBM-1Q0801/HSU	PC AQ2/MF A01
GC/FT-IR Analysis of the Thermally Labile Com-
pound Tris (2,3-dlbromopropyl) phosphate. Jour-
nal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
J. J. Ellington, T. W. Collette, and W. D. Payne. C1989
6p EPA/600/J-89/028
Pub. in Jnl. of High Resolution Chromatography v12
n5 p337-340 May 89. Prepared in cooperation with
Technology Applications, Inc., Athens, GA.
A tat and convenient GC method hew been developed
for a compound (tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate)
that poses a difficult analytical problem for both GC
(thermal instability/low volatility) and LC (not amena-
ble to commonly available, sensitive detectors) analy-
sis. The method employed a short (10-meter), thin-film
(0.53 micrometer), wide-bore (0.53 millimeter) column
a cool on-column inlet system, and a relatively fast
flow rate. The conditions were successful in that elu
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tion times and column operating temperatures could
be decreased to such an extent that the thermal lability
of the compound was not prohibitive. The successful
chromatography of Tris-BP on the short, thin-film
column with both inlet systems illustrates the effect of
film thickness and column length on thermally labile
compounds. The integrity of the eluting peak was es-
tablished by IR analysis. The type of application is im-
portant (assuming the approach is generally applicable
to many low volatility, thermally labile compounds) be-
cause spectrometers (FT-IR and MS) coupled to GCs
are almost commonplace. Chemical investigations
that require spectroscopic analysis of eluents, such as
hydrolysis product studies, can be enhanced greatly by
technology that broadens the classes of compounds
amenable to GC.
Keywords: *Gas-chromatography, 'Infrared spectros-
copy, "Fourier transformation, Carcinogens, Hydroly-
sis, Kinetics, Thermal shock, Reprints, *Tris(2,3-
dibromopropyl)phosphate.
PB90-100819/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA. Office of
Research and Development.
Characterization of Metal Binding Sltea In Fulvlc
Adda by Lanthanlde Ion Probe Spectroscopy.
Journal article.
Georgia Univ., Athens. Dept. of Chemistry.
J. C. Dobbs, W. Susetyo, F. E. Knight, M. A. Castles,
and L. V. Azarraga. C1989,8p EPA/600/J-89/027
Grant EPA-809989
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v61 n5 p483-488, Mar 89.
Sponsored fay Environmental Research Lab., Athens,
GA. Office of Research and Development.
Naturally occurring humic substances are known to be
potentially strong binders of metals in the environ-
ment. A sensitive spectroscopic technique, based on
the unique luminescent properties of the tripositive lan-
thanide metal ions, has been developed to selectively
probe metal binding sites in humic substances. A con-
tinuous multiple ligand model is proposed to describe
complexation of metals with humic materials in terms
of mean binding strengths, distributions, and concen-
trations. Experimental results as well as a simulation
study that uses the model also are presented. (Copy-
right (c) 1989 American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Humic acids, 'Rare earth ele-
ments, Probes, Graphs(Charts), Luminescence, Least
squares method, Reprints, 'Fulvic acids, 'Binding
sites, Ion spectroscopy.
PB90-100827/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA. Office of
Research and Development.
Automated Biochemical Identification of Bacterial
Ftsh Pathogens Using the Abbott Quantum II.
Journal article.
Georgia Univ., Athens. Coll. of Veterinary Medicine.
J. D. Teska, E. B. Shotts, and T. Hsu. C1989,7p EPA/
600/J-89/026
Grant EPA-R-812638
Pub. in Jnl. of Wildlife Diseases, v25 n1 p103-107, Jan
89. Prepared in cooperation with Rhone Merieux, Inc.,
Athens, GA. Sponsored by Environmental Research
Lab., Athens, GA. Office of Research and Develop-
ment.
The Quantum II was originally designed by Abbott
Diagnostics for automated rapid identification of mem-
bers of Enterobacteriaceae. The study was initiated to
determine the feasibility of expanding Its use to include
Identification of bacterial fish pathogens. Ten to fifty
isolates of Edwardsiella ictaluri, Serratia liquefaciens,
Yersinia rukert, Aeromonas hydrophila, typical Aero-
monas salmonclda, and atypical Aeromonas salmon-
ctda were utilized to determine optimal incubation con-
ditions, relative stability of the biochemicals, and ability
to obtain consistent biocide numbers. After sorting the
octal biocides from the 169 isolates into groupings
using a cluster analysis technique, it was shown by a
Chi-square goodness of fit test that isolates of a given
species were sorted into the same cluster group at a
frequency of at least 99%. Results of the study illus-
trate the usefulness of the Quantum II BID system for
the identification of bacterial fish pathogens not con-
tained in the system's memory module. (Copyright (c)
Wildlife Disease Association 1989.)
Keywords: 'Enterobacteriaceae, 'Fishes, Test equip-
ment, Aeromonas, Salmonella, Serratia, Reprints,
'Abbott Quantum III, Diagnostic uses, Feasibility stud-
ies, Yersinia, Edwardsiella.
PB90-100835/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Chemical and Biological Characterization of Prod-
ucts of Incomplete Combuation from the Simulat-
ed Field Burning of Agricultural Plastic. Journal ar-
ticle.
Acurex Corp., Research T riangle Park, NC.
J. V. Ryan, E. Perry, W. P. Unak, D. M. DeMarini, and
R. W. Williams. C1989,13p EPA/600/J-89/025
Contracts EPA-68-02-4701, EPA-68-02-4456
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v39
n6 p836-846, Jun 89. Prepared in cooperation with En-
vironmental Health Research and Testing, Inc.,
Durham, NC. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Chemical and biological analyses were performed to
characterize products of incomplete combustion emit-
ted during the simulated open field burning of agricul-
tural plastic. A small utility shed equipped with an air
delivery system was used to simulate pile burning and
forced-air-curtain incineration of a nonhalogenated ag-
ricultural plastic that reportedly consisted of polyethyl-
ene and carbon black. Emissions were analyzed for
combustion gases; volatile, semi-volatile, and particu-
late organics; and toxic and mutagenic properties.
Emission samples, as well as samples of the used
(possibly pesticide-contaminated) plastic, were ana-
lyzed for the presence of several pesticides to which
the plastic may have been exposed. When mutagenic-
ity was evaluated by exposing Salmonella bacteria
(Ames assay) to whole vapor and vapor/particulate
emissions, no toxic or mutagenic effects were ob-
served. However, organic extracts of the particulate
samples were moderately mutagenic. The study high-
lights the benefits of a combined chemical/biological
approach to the characterization of complex, multi-
component combustion emissions. These results may
not reflect those of other types of plastic that may be
used for agricultural purposes, especially those con-
taining halogens. (Copyright (c) 1989, Air & Waste
Management Association.)
Keywords: 'Bioassay, 'Chemical analysis, 'Waste dis-
posal, 'Combustion products. 'Plastics, 'Agricultural
products, Field tests, Polyethylene, Carbon black, Tox-
icity, Mutagens, Reprints, Air pollution detection,
'Open burning, Incineration.
PB90-100843/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Homogeneous Hydrolysis Rate Conatanta for Se-
lected Chlorinated Methanes, Ethanes, Ethenes,
and Propane*. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
P. M. Jeffers, L. M. Ward, L. M. Woytowitch, and N. L.
Wolfe. c1989,7p EPA/600/J-89/094
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v23
n8 p965-969, Aug 89. Prepared in cooperation with
State Univ. of New York Coll. at Cortland. Dept. of
Chemistry.
Hydrolysis rate constants of 18 chlorinated methanes,
ethanes, ethenes, and propanes have been measured
in dilute aqueous solutions within the temperature
range of 0 to 180 C and at pH values of 3 to 14. Arrhen-
ius parameters were determined for both neutral and
alkaline hydrolysis reactions. Reactivity of these com-
pounds in basic solutions increases in accord with the
expected acidity of the most reactive hydrogen atom in
the molecule. Neutral hydrolysis appears to depend on
both the C-CI bond strength and the degree of steric
hindrance at the reaction site. Only a neutral hydrolysis
process occurs for CCI4, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and
2,2-dichloro-propane. The chlorinated ethenes and
hexachloroethane react only with hydroxide under
severe conditions and exhibit no neutral hydrolysis.
Some of these compounds eliminate HCI, whereas
others substitute OH for CI to form alcohols that may
react further to give aldehydes or carboxyiic acids as
products. Environmental hydrolysis half-lives (25 C, pH
7) range from 36 h for 2,2-dichloropropane to 1850
years for CHCI3 and to more than 1,000,000 years for
C2CI6 and the ethenes. (Copyright (c) 1989 American
Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Hydrolysis, 'Reaction kinetics, 'Chlorine
aliphatic compounds, 'Water pollution, Experimental
design, Catalysts, Methanes, Ethanes, Ethylene, Pro-
pane, Reprints, 'Homogeneous reactions.
PB90-100850/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Quantitative Analysis of Alkyl Phosphates Using
Automated Cool On-Column Aqueous Injection.
Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
J. J. Ellington, and C. D. Trusty. C1989,6p EPA/600/J-
89/093
Pub. in Jnl. of High Resolution Chromatography, v12
n7 p470-473, Jul 89. Prepared in cooperation with
Technology Applications, Inc., Athens, GA.
A gas chromatographic method of analysis for tri-
methyl and triethyl phosphates was developed that
used direct aqueous injection. Automated, cool, on-
column injection was investigated because of the large
number of samples to be analyzed and the realization
that the best inlet system for quantitative high resolu-
tion gas chromatography is the non-vaporizing, cool,
on-column technique. Automated injection would in-
crease not only sample throughput, but also precision
and accuracy. Anticipated problems in the method de-
velopment were the buildup of salts in the column
system from injection of the buffered samples and the
loss of flame in the flame ionization detector during the
passage of water through the instrument. The trimethyl
(TMP) and triethyl (TEP) phosphates are often con-
taminants or impurities carried over from the synthesis
of more complex phosphates. TEP has been identified
in the groundwater adjacent to a landfill site. (Copy-
right (c) 1989 Dr. Alfred Huethig Publishers.)
Keywords: 'Quantitative analysis, 'Gas chromatogra-
phy, 'Injection, Chemical analysis, Organic phos-
phates, Site surveys, Waste disposal, Earth fills, Re-
prints, 'Water pollution detection, 'Phosphoric acid/
(trimethyl-ester), 'Phosphoric acid/(tnethyl-ester),
Aqueous solutions.
PB90-100868/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Hydrolysis of Chloroatllbene Oxide. 1. Hydrolysis
In Homogeneous Systems. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA. Office of
Research and Development.
M. E. Metwally, and N. L. Wolfe. c1989,12p EPA/600/
J-89/092
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v8
n7 p553-562 1989. Prepared in cooperation with Geor-
gia Univ., Athens.
The hydrolysis kinetics of 4-chlorostibene oxide (CSO)
in buffered distilled water, in natural waters, and in
sediment associated water are reported. The disap-
pearance of CSO followed pseudo-first-order kinetics
in buffered water over the experimental pH range of 3
to 11. Below pH 5, acid-catalyzed hydrolysis domi-
nates, with a second-order rate constant of 11.3 (+ or
-1,0)/M min. Above pH 5, hydrolysis is independent of
pH, with a rate constant of 1.02 (+ or - 0.12)X 10 sup -
4 min sup -1 at 25 C. In natural waters, the hydrolysis
rate constant of CSO had an average value of 0.59 (+
or - 0.12) X10 sup -4 min sup -1. In sediment-associat-
ed water, the observed rate constant was 1.70 (+ or -
0.05) X 10 sup -4 min sup -1. Sorption of CSO to the
humic materials in natural waters and biotic effects in
sediment-associated water appropriately explain the
differences from sterile buffer solutions. Buffer cataly-
sis was observed, but on the other hand, a negative
ionic strength affect was determined. The formation of
diastereolsomers of 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-phenylethyl-
ene glycol as major products at both acidic and neutral
pH values suggests that CSC undergoes acid-cata-
lyzed as well as neutral hydrolysis reactions through
an A-1 carbonium ion mechanism. (Copyright (c) 1989
SETAC.)
Keywords: 'Chemical reactions, pH, Kinetics, Distilled
water, Ground water, Hydrolysis, Catalysis, Reprints,
'Chiorostibene oxide, Sediment water interactions,
Aquatic ecosystems, Osmolar concentration.
PB90-10O876/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Chronic Effects of Low pH and Elevated Alumi-
num on Survival, Maturation, Spawning and
Embryo-Larval Development of the Fathead
Minnow In Soft Water. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. H. McCormick, K. M. Jensen, and L. E. Anderson.
C1989,17p EPA/600/ J-89/090
Pub. in Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, v43 p293-307,
1989. Prepared in cooperation with AScI Corp., Duluth,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were ex-
posed to a range of pH and Al concentrations in soft
water (8 mg Ca/L) to determine effect levels at various
life stages. The tested pH levels ranged from 8.0
through 5.2 and inorganic monomeric Al from 15
through 60 micro g/L. Reproductive processes includ-
ing spawning, embryogenesis and early larval survival
were more sensitive to acid stress than were juvenile
growth and survival. Juvenile survival was significantly
reduced at pH 5.2 + 60 micro g Al/L (P <0.05).
Spawning success was reduced at pH 6.0 and 5.5 (P
<0.10) and failed completely at pH 5.2, regardless of
Al concentration. The effect of parental exposure on
progeny survival was assessed by an interchange of
embryos from the spawning treatment to all tested ex-
posure conditions. When reared at pH 8.0 + 15 micro
g Al/L through 6.0 + 15 micro g Al/L or at pH 5.5 + 30
micro g Al/L, parental exposure did not significantly in-
fluence progeny survival. However, survival was sig-
nificantly reduced among progeny from brood fish
reared at pH 5.5 + 15 micro g Al/L as compared to
those spawned at pH 6.0 + 15 micro g Al/L and
above, or at pH 5.5 + 30 micro g Al/L (P <0.05). Ju-
venile or 15 day larval growth effects were not detect-
ed under any exposure condition (P <0.05). Ultimate-
ly, fathead minnow young-of-the-year recruitment and
production potential can be expected to diminish when
environmental pH falls to 6.0 and to fail completely at
5.5 and lower. (Copyright (c) 1989 Kluwer Academic
Publishers.)
Keywords: "Alkalinity, 'Aluminum, "Fishes, Minnows,
Life cycles, Animal behavior, Survival, Maturation, pH,
Embryos, Exposure, Larvae, Reprints, "Water pollution
effects(Animals), Dose-response relationships, Animal
sex behavior.
PB90-100884/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
High-Sensitivity Thermospray ionization Mass
Spectrometry of Dyes. Journal article.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
J. Yinon, T. L. Jones, and L. D. Betowski. C1989,9p
EPA/600/J-89/089
Pub. in Biomedical and Environmental Mass Spec-
trometry, v18 p445-4491989. Prepared in cooperation
with Weizmann Inst, of Science, Rehovoth (Israel).
A series of dyes belonging to different chemical class-
es have been analyzed by thermospray (TSP) ioniza-
tion mass spectrometry using a modified source con-
taining a wire-repeller. Detection limits were deter-
mined and found to be in the range 0.05-20ng, which
are lower by a factor of 10-400 than previously results.
Positive-ion TSP mass spectra of some sulfonated
dyes could be recorded for the first time owing to the
increased sensitivity. Losses of S03Na and 2S03Na
as well as losses of Na and 2Na were observed. The
losses of each one of these groups involved replace-
ment by a hydrogen atom. (Copyright (c) 1989 John
Wiley and Sons, Ltd.)
Keywords: "Dyes, "Chemical analysis, "Mass spec-
troscopy, Detectors, Chemical analysis, Sensitivity,
Sulfonates, Reprints.
PB90-100892/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Cleanup of Environmental Sample Extracts Using
Florlsll Solid-Phase Extraction Cartridges. Journal
article.
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Environmental Sys-
tems Div.
V. Lopez-Avila, J. Milanes, N. S. Dodhiwala, and W. F.
Beckert. c1989,9p EPA/600/J-89/088
Contract EPA-68-03-3226
Pub. in Jnl. of Chromatographic Science, v27 May 89.
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Disposable cartridges containing 1 g of Florisil are in-
vestigated for cleanup of extracts obtained from vari-
ous environmental matrices. Elution patterns and re-
coveries are determined for 22 chlonnated hydrocar-
bons and 16 phthalate esters in the presence of inter-
ferents such as corn oil, diesel hydrocarbons, organ-
ochlorine pesticides, and chlorinated phenols.
Hexane, hexane/diethyl ether (1:1), hexane/acetone
(9:1), and various combinations of hexane/methylene
chloride are used as eluants.
Keywords: "Water treatment, "Column packings, "Ex-
traction, "Elution, "Chemical removal(Water treat-
1382 Vol. 90, No. 24
ment), Chlorohydrocarbons, Phthalates, Water pollu-
tion, Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data), Adsorbents, Chro-
matographic analysis, Reprints, Florisil, Disposable
cartridges.
PB90-100900/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Membership Values as Indicators of Complica-
tions In Chromatography. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab
J. F. Walling. c1989,8p EPA/600/J-89/087
Pub. in Jnl. of Chromatography, v473 p267-272 1989.
Fuzzy set theory is used to provide a figure of merit,
the membership value for data sets as an alternative to
censoring databases. Applications to distributed air
volume sets and pairs of suitable chromatograms are
illustrated.(Copyright (c) 1989, Elsevier Science Pub-
lishers B.V.)
Keywords: "Gas chromatography, "Group theory,
Tables(Data), Halohydrocarbons, "Fuzzy set theory,
"Air pollution detection, Data bases.
PB90-100918/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Antifertillty Effect of Methoxychlor In Female
Rats: Dose- and Time-Dependent Blockade of
Pregnancy. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
A. M. Cummings, and L. E. Gray. C1989,11 p EPA/
600/J-89/050
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 97,
P454-462 1989. Presented at the Annual Meeting of
the Society of Toxicology (27th), Dallas, TX., February
1988.
Long-term exposure to methoxychlor (MXC), an estro-
genic pesticide, produces infertility in rats, and short-
term exposure blocks the decidual cell response. To
address the short-term effects of MXC on fertility, the
differential effects of MXC dosage and timing of ad-
ministration (relative to implantation) on several gesta-
tional parameters were investigated. When MXC was
administered during early pregnancy (Days 1-8), dose-
dependent decline in implantations and uterine weight
was seen with no effect on ovarian weight or corpora
lutea; MXC reduced serum progesterone at all doses.
Preimplantation administration of MXC (Days 1-3 of
pregnancy) produced a decline in implantations and
uterine weight, while post-implantation dosing (Days 4-
8 of pregnancy) increased resorptions to 100%, de-
creased uterine weight, and reduced serum progester-
one without affecting the number of implantations,
ovarian weight, or number of corpora lutea. The data
show that short-term MXC dosing during early preg-
nancy produces a dose-related infertility. The block-
ade of pregnancy by the preimplantation administra-
tion of MXC may be mediated by a direct effect on
preimplantation uterine development. The fetal resorp-
tion seen following post-implantatlon dosing is consid-
ered a manifestation of both reduced serum progester-
one and the direct disruption of normal decidual devel-
opment by MXC. (Copyright (c) 1989 Academic Press,
Inc.)
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Animal physiology, "Fertility,
"Toxicity, Rats, Reproductive system, Estrogens, Pro-
gesterone, Uterus, Reprints, "Methoxychlor, "Dose re-
sponse relationships, Ovum implantation, Organ
weight, Corpus luteum.
PB90-100926/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Learning and Memory: Considerations for Toxi-
cology. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D. B. Peele. C1989,13p EPA/600/J-89/051
Pub. in Jnl. of the American College of Toxicology, v8
n1 p213-223 1989. Presented at the Symposium:
Screening for Neurotoxicity: Principles and Practices,
Raleigh, NC., April 28-29,1989.
The goal of the present paper is to outline a strategy
for assessing chemical-induced dysfunction of learn-
ing and memory in laboratory animals. Questions ad-
dressed, include whether tests of learning and memory
should be included in a primary screening effort, what
considerations should guide the selection of particular
test methods, and experimental designs. Examples
are provided demonstrating that tests of learning and
memory can be simple and cost-effective and yet still
provide meaningful data on the specificity of effects
and on the neural mechanisms involved in chemical in-
duced neurotoxicity.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Memory, "Learning, Labora-
tory animals, Chemical tests, Screenings, Test meth-
ods, Reprints, "Neurotoxins, Motor activity.
PB90-100975/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Toxicokinetics and Toxicodynamlcs of Pyrettiroid
Insecticides In Fish. Journal article.
Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Entomology.
S. P. Bradbury, and J. R. Coats. c1989,10p EPA/600/
J-89/032
Grant EPA-R-810659
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v8
p373-380 1989. Presented at the Symposium on
Aquatic Toxicology of the Pyrethroid Insecticides,
Annual Meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxi-
cology and Chemistry (7th), Alexandria, VA., Novem-
ber 2-5,1986. Sponsored by Environmental Research
Lab.-Duluth, MN.
The pyrethroid insecticides are extremely toxic to fish,
with 96-h LC50 values generally below 10 micro g/L
and i.p. and i.v. LD50 values below 20 mg/kg. Corre-
sponding LD50 values in mammals and birds are in the
range of several hundred to several thousand milli-
grams per kilogram. The review examines pyrethroid
toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics in fish as critical
factors associated with species selectivity. Studies
with permethrin, cypermethrin and fenvalerate have
established that rates of metabolism and elimination in
rainbow trout are significantly lower than those report-
ed for birds and mammals. Comparatively low lethal
brain pyrethroid concentrations and nonneural aspects
of pyrethroid intoxication in fish suggest that variations
in toxicodynamics are also crucial in evaluating pyreth-
roid selectivity.
Keywords: "Fishes, "Toxicity, "Insecticides, Metabo-
lism, Animal physiology, Biological effects, Trout
Brain, Reprints, 'Pharmacokinetics, "Water pollution
effects(Animals), "Pyrethroids, Permethrin, Cyper-
methrin, Fenvalerate, Biotransformation.
PB90-100983/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Colllslonal Activation Mass Spectra of M(1-.) ions
of Azo Dyes Containing 2-Naphthol. Journal article.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Veaas
NV.	'
W. C. Brumley, G. M. Brilis, R. J. Calvey, and J. A
Sphon. C1989,11p EPA/600/J-89/031
Pub. in Biomedical and Environmental Mass Spec-
trometry, v18 p394-4001989. Prepared in cooperation
with Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC
Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition.
Collisionally activated decomposition mass spectra of
M- ions of azo dyes are presented. The compounds
are of general structure Ar(1)-N=N-Ar(2), where Ar(1)
is substituted phenyl and Ar(2) is 2-naphthol. Charac-
teristic fragment ions observed include m/z 157, which
corresponds to the 2-naphthol substituent with cleav-
age of the -N=N- bond represented as (AR(2) -N)-
lons of general structure (Ar(1) -NH)- are also oC
served. Parent ion scans of m/z 157 provide a poten-
tial screening technique for 2-naphthoi-containing azo
dyes. Specific results are reported for the chloroform
extract of FD&C Red No.8, and capillary gas chroma-
tographic introduction is compared with direct expo-
sure probe introduction for the identification of dveg
(Copyright 1988 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
Keywords: "Azo dyes, "Mass spectroscopy, Gas chro-
matography, Decomposition, Food additives, Reprints
Ion collisions, Biological effects, 2-Naphthal.
PB90-100991/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Electron Impact Mass Spectrometry of BHT and
Its Alteration Products. Journal article.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Veaaa
NV.
W. C. Brumley, C. R. Warner, D. H. Daniels, S. Vamer
and J. A. Sphon. c1989,13p EPA/600/J-89/030 '
Pub. in Biomedical and Environmental Mass Spec-
trometry v18 P207-217 1989. Prepared in cooperation
with Food and Drug Administration, Washington DC
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The electron impact (El) mass spectra of 2,6-di-tert-
butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) and certain of its alter-
ation products are described in detail. Accurate mass
measurements confirm the element compositions of
important fragment ions in the El spectra. Collisionally
activated mass spectra are also used to study frag-
mentation and suggest common ion structures. The
reference spectra provide the basis for identifying vari-
ous alteration products of BHT by capillary gas chro-
matograph/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) without the
necessity of isolating individual components. Applica-
tion of GC/MS is made to three studies: pyrolysis of
hydroperoxy-BHT as a potential pathway to alteration
products in food; GC/MS pyrolysis of hydroperoxy-
BHT as a model study; and alteration of BHT in etha-
nol/water as food-simulating solvent. (Copyright (c)
1989 by John Wiley & Sons. Ltd.)
Keywords: "Mass spectra, 'Phenols, "Food deteriora-
tion, Pyro|ysis, Gas chromatography, Electron irradia-
tion, Reprints, Food additives.
PB90-103029/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Analyst* of Organophosphorus Pesticide Sample*
by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/
Mass Spectrometry and High-Performance Liquid
Chromatography/Mas* Spectrometry/Mas* Spec-
trometry. Journal article.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
L. D. Betowski, and T. L. Jones. c1988,7p EPA/600/J-
88/383
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v22
n12 p1430-14341988.
Ten analytes from the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency's SW-846, Method 8140, Organophosphorous
Pesticide Parameters, were subjected to analysis by
high performance liquid chromatography/mass spec-
trometry (HPLC/MS) and HPLC/MS/MS with ther-
mospray ionization. The compounds chosen suffered
poor recoveries under analysis by Method 8140 which
Is a gas chromatographic procedure. Limits of detec-
tion, precision values, and retention times were gener-
ated with HPLC/MS methods on pure analytical stand-
ards. Collision activated dissociation daughter ion
spectra were also collected by tandem mass spectro-
metric techniques. Four environmental samples known
to contain organophosphorous pesticides were ana-
lyzed by HPLC/MS, and these results were compared
with similar analyses by GC/MS. Tandem mass spec-
trometry was used to confirm the compounds identi-
fied by HPLC/MS.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Pesticides, 'Mass
spectroscopy, 'Phosphorus organic compounds, Per-
formance evaluation, Sampling, Spectrum analysis,
Experimental design, Ionization, Dissociation, Re-
prints, 'High performance liquid chromatography,
*EPA method 8140, Environmental monitoring,
Daughter products.
PB90-103037/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada.
OK.
Metabolism of the (18)0-Methoj« Substltuent of
3-Methoxybenzolc Acid and Other Unlabeled
Methoxybenzoic Add* by Anaerobic Bacteria.
Journal article.
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Dept. of Botany and Micro-
K°A^eWeerd, A. Saxena, D. P. Nagle, and J. M.
Suflita. c1988,8p EPA/600/ J-88/384
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v54
n5 p1237-1242 May 88. Sponsored by Robert 5. Kerr
Environmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
O-methyl substituents of aromatic compounds can
provide C1 growth substrates for facultative and strict
anaerobic bacteria isolated from diverse environ-
ments. The mechanism of the byconversion of meth-
oxylated benzoic acids to the hydroxylated derivatives
was investigated with a model substrate and cultures
of one anaerobic consortium, eight strict anaerobic
bacteria, and one facultative anaerobic micro-orga-
nism. A haloaromatic dehalogenating consortium, a
dehalogenating isolate from that consortium, Eubac-
terium limosum, and a strain of Acetobacterium woodii
metabolized 3-methoxybenzolc acid to 3-hydroxyben-
zoic stoichlometrically at rates of 1.5, 3.2, 52.4, and
36.7 nmol/min per mg of protein, respectively. A differ-
ent strain of Acetobacterium and strains of Syntropho-
coccus, Clostridium, Desulfotomaculum, Enterobacter,
and an anaerobic bacterium, strain TH-001, were
unable to transform this compound. The O-demethy-
lating ability of E. limosum was induced only with ap-
propriate methoxylated benzoates but not with D-glu-
cose, lactate, isoleucine, or methanol. (Copyright (c)
1988 American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Metabolism, 'Anaerobic bacteria, Bio-
mass, Mass spectroscopy, Reprints, 'Methoxybenzoic
acids, Liquid column chromatography.
PB90-103045/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Blodegradatlon Modeling at Aviation Fuel Spill
Site. Journal article.
Rice Univ., Houston, TX. Dept. of Electrical and Com-
puter Engineering.
H. S. Rifai, P. B. Bedient, J. T. Wilson, K. M. Miller, and
J. M. Armstrong. C1988, 25p EPA/600/J-88/385
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Engineering v114 n5
p1007-1029 Oct 88. Prepared in cooperation with
Radian Corp., Houston, TX., and Traverse Group, Inc.,
Traverse City, Ml. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
Biodegradation has recently emerged as a effective
process for contaminant attenuation in aquifers. In the
paper the writers present the development of a two-di-
mensional model (BIOPLUME II) for contaminant
transport influenced by oxygen-limited biodegradation.
The model uses a dual-particle mover concept to simu-
late the transport of contaminants and oxygen in the
subsurface, the reaction between oxygen and the
contaminants is assumed to be instantaneous and is
simulated using the principle of superposition. The au-
thors also present preliminary results from a modeling
effort using BIOPLUME II at an aviation gasoline spill
where biodegradation is known to occur. The model
was calibrated to field data collected before the instal-
lation of an interception pumping system at the site.
The model was also used to simulate field conditions
at the site over a two-year period with the pumping
system in operation. Results indicate that the modd
predictions match the observed data and the observed
rate of contaminant mass loss at the site reasonably
well. (Copyright (c) ASCE, 1988.)
Keywords: 'Biodeterioration, 'Aviation fuels, 'Microor-
ganisms, 'Water pollution control, Mathematical
models, Field tests, Comparison, Site surveys,
Aquifers, Oxygen, Dissolved gases, Reprints, 'Bio-
plume II model, 'Environmental transport, 'Gas spills,
Two-dimensional calculations, Land pollution.
PB90-103052/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Some Reactions of Naturally Occurring Nucleo-
phlles with Haloalkanea In Water. Journal article.
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. Chemistry Lab.
W. R. Haag, and T. Mill. C1988,10p EPA/600/J-88/
386
Grant EPA-R-812414
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v7
n11 p9l 7-924 Nov 88. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr
Environmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
Rate constants for the reactions of a variety of natural-
ly occurring nucleophiles with 1-bromohexane and, to
a lesser extent, three other haioalkanes were studied
in order to assess their importance relative to hydroly-
sis in determining the environmental fate of haioal-
kanes. HS(-) is generally the most important nucleo-
phile because it is moderately reactive and, among the
reactive sulfur nucleophiles, Is usually present in the
highest concentration. When elemental sulfur is
present, poiysulfides will be more important for the
consumption of 1-bromohexane than HS(-) at pH
above approximately 7 because they are 60 times
more reactive and their equilibrium concentrations in-
crease with increasing pH. A nucleophilicity scale valid
in pure water was established for environmental nu-
cleophiles, using 1-bromohexane as a reference reac-
tant. (Copyright (c) 1988 SETAC.)
Keywords: 'Reaction kinetics, 'Hydrolysis, 'Water
pollution, 'Halohydrocarbons, 'Nucleophilic reactions,
Ground water, Reduction(Chemistry), Sulfur organic
compounds, pH, Assessments, Reprints, 'Water
chemistry, Hexane/bromo.
PB90-103060/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Air Cleaner Technologies for Indoor Air Pollution.
Journal article.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. S. Ensor, A. S. Viner, J. T. Hanley, P. A. Lawless,
and K. Ramanathan. C1988,22p EPA/600/J-88/387
Pub. in American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and
Air-Conditioning Engineers Jnl., p1f1-129 1988. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Re-
search Lab.
The paper describes methodologies for the parlicle-
size-dependent performance measurement of air
cleaners. It discusses the use of laser optical particle
counters and condensation nucleus counters with pre-
separators in evaluating air cleaners. The selection of
a challenge aerosol is particularly important; materials
include nebulized dissolved solids in water or low-
vapor-pressure organics. Another area of increased
attention is the generation of ozone by electronic air
cleaners. Ozone production rates from a wire-plate-
electrode configuration are summarized. Activated
carbon adsorbents have been used in commercial air
cleaners to remove organic materials. The absorption
of low concentrations (below 200 ppb) of materials
such as benzene and acetaldehyde obtained in labora-
tory isotherm experiments is reviewed.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Air clean-
ers, 'Aerosols, Performance evaluation, Activated
carbon treatment, Particle sizes, Ozone, Experimental
design, Adsorption, 'Indoor air pollution, Air quality,
Indoor air quality simulators.
PB90-103078/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Acuta Effects and Long-Term Sequelae of 1,3-Dln-
Itrobenzene on Male Reproduction In the Rat 1.
Sperm Quality, Quantity, and Fertilizing Ability.
Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. E. Under, R. A. Hess, S. D. Perreault, L. F. Strader,
and R. R. Barbee. C1988,12p EPA/600/J-88/376
Pub. in Jnl. of Andrology, v9 n5 p317-326 Sep/Oct 88.
See also PB90-103086. Prepared in cooperation with
Northrop Services, Inc./Environmental Sciences, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Groups of eight adult male rats were given a single oral
dose of 0 or 48 mg/kg of 1,3-dinitrobenzene and sacri-
ficed at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, 72, and 175 days post-
treatment. The groups killed at 175 days were bred to
untreated females during weeks 3,4, 6,9,13, and 24.
Decreased testis weight and testicular sperm numbers
were observed by day 4; decreased Cauda sperm re-
serves and epididymis weight occurred by day 8 and
day 16, respectively. Reduced numbers of motile sper-
matozoa and abnormal sperm morphology were seen
in spermatozoa from the cauda epididymitis by day 16.
Fertilizing ability, as indicated by the presence of two
pronuclei and a sperm tail in eggs flushed from the ovi-
ducts of inseminated females, was slightly reduced by
week 4 and declined to zero by week 6. Group means
for reproductive organ weights, sperm production, and
sperm reserves failed to return to control levels al-
though some individual animals approaching full re-
covery. Normal fertilizing ability was restored in most
animals by week 13, but two of seven remained infer-
tile.
Keywords:	'Toxicology,	'Fertility
*Reproduction(Biology), Males, Rats, Graphs(Charts),
Reprints, 'Spermatozoa, 'Biological effects, 'Dinitro-
benzenes, Organ weight.
PB90-103086/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Acute Effects and Long-Term Sequelae of 1,3-Dln-
ttrobenzene on Male Reproduction In the Rat 2.
Quantitative and Qualitative Histopathology of the
Testis. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. A. Hess, R. E. Under, L. F. Strader, and S. D.
Perreault. c1988,17p EPA/600/J-88/375
Pub. in Jnl. of Andrology, v9 n5 p327-342 Sep/Oct 88.
See also PB90-103078. Prepared in cooperation with
Northrop Sen/ices, Inc./Environmental Sciences, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The study determined the quantitative and qualitative
histopathologic effects of a single oral dose of 1,3-dini-
trobenzene (48 mg/kg) on the rat testis from 1 to 175
days postexposure. Trie testis was damaged severely
by hour 24, as evidenced by increased numbers of re-
gressive seminiferous tubules that exhibited degener-
ating pachytene spermatocytes, chromatin margina-
tionln spermatids, and reduced numbers of meiotic fig-
ures. The major effects during the first 48 hours post-
treatment were degeneration or exfoliation of pachy-
tene spermatocytes and round spermatids and the re-
tention of step 19 spermatids. These regressive ef-
fects continued until 24 days, after which the tubules
either recovered or became atrophic. At the end of the
study (175 days), three males were normal, one had
regressed testicles, and three males had atrophic tu-
bules (15 to 45%). Several cellular abnormalities were
common throughout the period.
Keywords: "Toxicology, 'Reproduction(Biology), 'Pa-
thology, 'Testis, Males, Bats, Reprints, 'Dinitroben-
zenes, 'Biological effects, Spermatozoa, Seminiferous
tubules.
PB90-103094/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Forest Soli Organic Horizon Acidification: Effects
of Temperature, Time, and Solution/Soil Ratio.
Journal article.
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
B. R- James, and S. J. Riha. c1988,8p EPA/600/J-87/
484
Pub. in Soil Science Society of American Jnl. v51 n2
p458-462 Mar/Apr 87. Sponsored by Corvallis Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., OR.
A forest soil organic horizon (Oe) was acidified with
HN03 (0-5 cmol/kg) in the laboratory at three solu-
tion/soil ratios (10,50,100), three temperatures (4,14,
30 C), and for up to 162 h to compare effects to added
H+ on pH, soluble Ca, Al, and C with effects of envi-
ronmental conditions likely to vary seasonally in the
forest floor. Soil suspension pH reached a steady state
within 48 h, regardless of quantity of H+ added, solu-
tion/soil ration, or temperature. Calcium concentra-
tions also reached a steady state with soil solid phases
quickly, and additions of H+ increased quantities of
Ca (mmol/kg) in solution as did increasing solution/
soli ratio. Shaking time and temperature had smaller
effects on Ca than did H+ additions and solution/soil
ratio. In contrast, reactions controlling dissolved or-
ganic carbon (DOC) and total soluble aluminum (Alt)
were slower than those for pH and Ca. Quantities of
DOC and Al going into solution remained nearly con-
stant, so that increasing the solution soil ratio diluted
concentrations. Dissolved organic C and soluble Al in-
creased with longer shaking times and higher tempera-
ture. The results nave implications for designing realis-
tic laboratory experiments on forest floor acidification,
for evaluating seasonal and yearly variations in soil so-
lution composition in the field, and in developing accu-
rate and reliable simulation models of H+ reactions in
forest soils.
Keywords: 'Forests, 'Soil chemistry, 'Acidification,
'Soil water, PH, Calcium, Aluminum, Carbon, Temper-
ature, Solutions, Dissolved organic matter, Reprints,
Time factors.
PB90-103102/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Simulated Add Rain on Yield Response
of Two Soybean Cultlvars. Journal article.
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Agrono-
my.
p. M. Porter, W. L. Banwart, J. J. Hassett, and R. L,
Finke. C1987,9p EPA/600/J-87/485
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality, vie n4 p433-437
Oct-Dec 87. See also PB86-103132. Sponsored by
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Field experiments were conducted for 3 yrs. to deter-
mine the effects of simulated acid rain on seed yield of
two soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars, 'Amsoy
71' and 'Williams 82'. Plants were treated biweekly
with simulated rain of pH 5.6,4.6,4.2,3.8,3.4, and 3.0.
For Amsoy 71 there was a linear decrease in yield with
increasing rainfall acidify for 1 of 3 yrs but no signifi-
cant effects for the other two. Thus acid rain appears
to reduce the yield of some soybean cultivars slightly
but this effect is not consistent from year to year.
Amsoy 71 and Williams 82 soybean treated with the
most acidic rain, pH 3.0, resulted in average yields for
the 3 yrs of the study of approximately 3% and 4%
lower than the average yields for the other treatments,
respectively. However, calculations from the response
functions developed have shown that at current levels
of rainfall acidities the effects on yield are very small.
With an increase in rainfall acidity of 50% in Illinois the
predicted yield decrease for Amsoy 71 and Williams 82
soybean would be less than 1 %. Similarly the expect-
ed increase in yield of these cultivars would be 1% or
less if acidity in the rainfall were reduced by 50%.
While there may be beneficial effects of reduced S and
N oxide emissions, these results suggest the resultant
lower rainfall acidities are not likely to produce noticea-
ble changes in soybean yields. (Copyright (c) 1987
ASA, CSSA, SSSA.)
Keywords: 'Soybean plants, 'Farm crops, Simulation,
Yield, Treatment, Sulfates, Nitrate minerals,
Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), Greenhouses, pH, Re-
prints, 'Acid rain, 'Air pollution effects(Plants), Glycine
PB90-103110/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Simulated Acid Rain Effects on Yield Response of
Two Corn Cultivars. Journal article.
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Agrono-
my.
W. L. Banwart, P. M. Porter, J. J. Hasset, and W. M.
Walker. C1988,8p EPA/600/J-87/486
Pub. in Agronomy Jnl., v79 n3 p497-501 1987. Spon-
sored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Acid rain is a documented phenomenon over much of
the eastern and midwestern United States, including
major portions of the Corn Belt. However, few studies
report the effect of acid rain on yield of corn (Zea mays
L.j. Field experiments were conducted in 1983 and
1984 on a Flanagan silt loam (fine, montmorillonitic,
mesic Aquic Argiudoll) soil at Urbana, IL. Two corn cul-
tivars (Pioneer 3377 and B73 X Mo17) were protected
from ambient rain by two automated movable rain ex-
clusion shelters and were exposed to one of six simu-
lated rain acidities ranging from pH 5.6 to 3.0. Analysis
of the effect of rainfall pH on grain yield showed no sig-
nificant linear or quadratic trend (alpha = 0.10) for
either cultivar in individual years or with both years
combined. Comparisons among treatments for both
cultivars showed rain simulants with no added acid (pH
5.6) resulted in grain yields that were not significantly
different from the average grain yields of the other five
pH treatments. These results imply that under normal
environmental conditions and agronomic practices,
rainfall at its present levels of acidity has little if any
effect on corn yields.
Keywords: 'Corn, 'Farm crops, pH, Yield, Field tests,
Simulation, Sulfates, Tables(Data), Greenhouses, Re-
prints, 'Acid rain, 'Air pollution effects(Plants), Zea
mays, Urtoana(lllinois).
PB90-103128/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of Reproductive Parameters In Adult
Male Wistar Rats After Subchronlc Exposure
(Gavage) to Benomyl. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. E. Under, G. L. Rehnberg, L. F. Strader, and J. P.
Diggs. c1988,16p EPA/600/J-88/377
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health,
v25 p285-298 1988. Prepared in cooperation with Nor-
throp Services, Inc./Environmental Sciences, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Proven-breeder 102-d-old male Wistar rats were ga-
vaged daily with 0, 1, 5, 15, or 45 mg/kg/d benomyl.
The animals were bred to untreated females after 62 d
and killed after 76-79 d for evaluation of selected male
reproductive end points. Minimal to moderate changes
were observed in rats dosed with 45 mg/kg/d; these
included decreased testis and epididymis weight, re-
duced cauda sperm reserves, decreased sperm pro-
duction, Increased numbers of decapitated spermato-
zoa, and increased numbers of seminiferous tubules
containing multinucleated giant cells. Reproductive
performance, seminal vesicle and prostate weight,
sperm motility, serum luteinizing hormone, follicle-
stimulating hormone, prolactin, and androgen binding
protein were not affected by any of the dosages
tested. Based on these end points, the no-effect level
was 15 mg/kg/d. (Copyright 1888 by Hemisphere Pub-
lishing Corp.)
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Fungicides, 'Reproductive
system, Rats, Sex hormones, Abnormalities, Male,
Animal physiology, Blood, Reprints, 'Benomyl,
'Chronic exposure, Dose-response relationships.
Organ weight. Spermatozoa.
PB90-103136/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of 7,12-Dlmethy lbenz(a)anthracene,
Benzo(a)pyrene arid Cyclosporin A on Murine Cy-
tomegalovirus Infection: Studies of Resistance
Mechanisms. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Inhalation Toxicology Div.
M. J. K. Selgrade, M. J. Daniels, G. R. Burleson, L D.
Lauer, and J. H. Dean. c1988,9p EPA/600/J-88/378
Pub. in International Jnl. of Immunopharmacology, v10
n7 p811-818 1988. Prepared in cooperation with Nor-
throp Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC., and
Chemical Industry Inst, of Toxicology, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC.
Susceptibility to murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) was
enhanced by treating B6C3F1 and CD-1 mice subcu-
taneously with 10 mg 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene
(DMBA)/kg fractionated over a 2 week period. One
week after the final DMBA treatment mice were infect-
ed with a sublethal dose of MCMV. Virus-augmented
natural killer cell (NKC) activity was depressed in
B6C3F1 mice treated with DMBA while serum inter-
feron (IFN) levels were unaffected. Susceptibility to
MCMV was not affected by treating mice with 400 mg
benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P)/kg using the same exposure
regimen. Virus-augmented NKC activity was sup-
pressed in B(a)P treated mice, but the magnitude of
the suppression (18%) was much less than that ob-
served for DMBA-treated mice (56%). Susceptibility to
MCMV, virus-augmented NKC, and IFN induction were
not affected in mice treated intraperitoneally with 50
mg cyclosporin A (CSA)/kg/day for 5 days and infect-
ed with a sublethal dose of MCMV on the 5th day of
treatment. The data suggest that chemicals which de-
press NKC are likely to enhance susceptibility to
MCMV, and conversely that effects on NKC should be
suspected when chemical exposure enhances sus-
ceptibility to MCMV.
Keywords: 'Immunology, Mice, Pharmacology, Expo-
sure, Reprints, 'Natural killer cells, *7 12-Dimethyl-
benz A anthracene, 'Benzo A pyrene, 'Cyclosporin A,
'Cytomegaloviruses, Dose-response relationships.
Disease resistance, Interferons.
PB90-103144/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Ambient Ozone on Respiratory Func-
tion In Active, Normal Children. Journal article.
New York Univ. Medical Center, Tuxedo Park.
D. M. Spektor, M. Lippmann, P. J. Lioy, G. D. Thurston,
and K. Citak. C1988,9p EPA/600/J-88/379
Grant PHS-ES-00260
Pub. in American Review of Respiratory Diseases,
v137 p313-320 1988. Prepared in cooperation with
Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA., and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Sponsored by
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC., and National Inst, of Environmental Health
Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Respiratory functions were measured daily by spiro-
metry over four weeks at a summer camp in northwest-
ern New Jersey. Multiple regression analyses incHcat-
ed that 03 concentration, cumulative daily 03 expo-
sure, ambient temperature, and humidity were the
most explanatory environmental variables for dally
variations in function, and that OS concentration had
the strongest influence on FVC, PEFR, and MMEf. For
FEV1, cumulative daily 03 exposure and heat stress
had greater relative effects. Linear regressions were
performed for each child between 03 concentration
and function, and all average slopes were slgniflcantlv
negative (p <0.05) for PVC, FEV1, PEFR and MMEF
for all children, and for boys and girls separately. The
implications of these short-term effects are unknown
However, the results in these free living children are
comparable to those found In chamber studies with
comparable exposures.
Keywords: 'Respiration, 'Ozone, 'Children, Heat
stress, Humidity, Haze, GraphsfCharts), Regression
analysis, Reprints, 'Air pollution effects(Human8), En-
vironmental exposure.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-103151/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Dose-Response Relationship of Dlethylnitrosa-
mlne-lnltlated Tumors In Neonatal Balb/c Mice:
Effect of Phenobarbltal Promotion. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. E. Klaunig, M. A. Pereira, R.J. Ruch, and C. M.
Weghorst. c1988,7p EPA/600/J-88/380
Pub. in Toxicologic Pathology, v16 n3 p381-385 1988.
Prepared in cooperation with Medical Coll. of Ohio at
Toledo. Dept. of Pathology.
The dose-response of diethylnitrosamine (DENA) initi-
ation of hepatocarcinogenesis was determined in
infant Balb/c male mice with and without subsequent
phenobarbital treatment. Male Balb/c mice received a
single intraperitoneal injection of DENA (0, 2.5. 10.0,
25.0 or 50.0 microg/gbw) in saline on day 15 of age.
Ninety mice were treated at each dose level. At wean-
ing, mice received either deionized drinking water (45
mice per group) or deionized drinking water containing
500 mg/L sodium phenobarbital (PB) (45 mice per
group). Mice from each group were sacrificed 12, 24,
and 40 weeks post-weaning. Liver and lung tumors
were found in DENA-only-treated and DENA + PB-
treated mice. In DENA-only-treated mice, the inci-
dence and number of hepatic adenomas were similar
(not dose-dependent) at DENA doses of 10, 25, and
50 microg/gbw at each of the 3 sampling times.
DENA-only-treated mice did display a time-related in-
crease in hepatic adenoma incidence and number at
each dose. In PB-treated mice, the hepatic adenoma
number was dependent upon the dose of DENA be-
tween 2.5 and 50 micro/gbw. PB treatment following
DENA administration resulted in a decrease in the time
required for the detection of hepatic adenomas and in-
creased the number of hepatic adenomas at most
sampling times compared to the mice that received
DENA only. Hepatocellular carcinomas (HPC) were
detected in mice receiving the highest DENA doses
(25 and 50 microg/gbw). PB treatment increased the
number and incidence of HPC and decreased the time
of first detection of HPC. (Copyright 1988 Society of
Toxicological Pathologists.)
Keywords: 'Liver neoplasms, 'Phenobarbitol, Mice,
Responses, Treatment, Body weight, Water condition-
ing, Reprints, 'Diethylnitrosamine, Dose-response re-
lationships, Adenoma, Carcinoma.
PB90-103169/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Phenobarbital on Diethylnitrosamine and
Dlmethylnitrosamlne Induced Hepatocellular
Tumors In Male B6C3F1 Mice. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
J. E. Klaunig, C. M. Weghorst, and M. A. Pereira.
c1988, 9p EPA/600/J-88/381
Pub. in Cancer Letters, v42 p133-139 Sep 88. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Medical Coll. of Ohio at
The effect of the type of carcinogen initiator on the
ability of phenobarbital to promote hepatic tumor for-
mation in 15-day-old initiated male B6C3F1 mice was
evaluated. Fifteen day old male B6C3F1 mice were di-
vided into 6 groups of 10 mice each. Groups 1 and 2
received a single intraperitoneal (ip) injection of dieth-
ylnitrosamine (DENA) (5 micro g/gbw). Groups 3 and 4
received a single ip injection of dlmethylnitrosamine
(DMNA) (5 micro g/gbw). Groups 5 and 6 received a
single ip injection of saline. At weaning (28 days of
age), mice in groups 2,4, and 6 received phenobarbital
(500 mg/ml) in their drinking water. Mice in groups 1,3,
and 5 received deionized drinking water. Drinking
water treatment continued for 24 weeks at which time
mice were sampled. At sampling, mice were examined
for hepatic tumors by histology. Mice in Groups 5 (no
treatment) and 8 (PB only) did not exhibit hepatic
tumors. Groups 2 (DENA + PB) displayed a decrease
In hepatic adenomas from that of Group 1 (DENA only)
confirming previous observations. Treatment with
DMNA and PB (Group 4) resulted in a significant in-
crease In both hepatic adenoma incidence and
number over that of DMNA only (Group 3) treated
mice. (Copyright (c) 1988 Elsevier Scientific Publish-
ers, Ireland Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Liver neoplasms, 'Phenobarbi-
tal, 'Carcinogens, Mice, Males, Body weight, Reprints,
'Diethylnitrosamine, 'Dlmethylnitrosamine, Dose-re-
sponse relationships, Drinking water, Organ weight.
PB90-103177/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Chloroform Mediated Refractory State Against
Ornithine Decarboxylase Induction by Serial Chlo-
roform Treatment. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. E. Savage, C. Guion, A. B. DeAngelo, and M. A.
Pereira. C1988, 6p EPA/600/J-88/382
Pub. in Research Communications in Chemical Pathol-
ogy and Pharmacology, v62 n3 p507-510 Dec 88. Pre-
pared in cooperation with National Inst, for Occupa-
tional Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH. Experimental
Toxicology Branch, and Environmental Health Re-
search and Testing, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
The chloroform mediated refractory state against orni-
thine decarboxylase induction in male and female rat
liver was further studied. One aspect of the investiga-
tion was to determine the duration of the induced re-
fractory period while the other component focused on
the extent to which the inhibitory effect was dependent
upon the concentration of the first dose. When the
dosing interval between the first and second dose was
varied from 1 to 31 days, the magnitude of the resist-
ance to further stimulation by chloroform only de-
creased gradually. In studies where the concentration
of the first dose was varied while the dosing interval
was fixed, it was concluded that the extent of the inhib-
itory effect was dependent upon the concentration of
the first dose. (Copyright 1988 PID Publications Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Chloroform, Rats, Liver,
Male, Female, Reprints, 'Enzyme induction, 'Orni-
thine decarboxylase, 'Neural conduction. Dose-re-
sponse relationships.
PB90-103185/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Soil Microbial Blomass Estimates Using 2450 MHz
Microwave Irradiation. Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
C. W. Hendricks, and N. Pascoe. C1988,11p EPA/
600/J-88/403
Pub. in Plant and Soil, v110 p39-47 1988. Prepared in
cooperation with Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept.
of Forest Science, and Forest Service, Washington,
DC.
The effect of microwave irradiation on two soils of dif-
ferent carbon content was evaluated with the intent of
investigating the potential of using this treatment to es-
timate soil biomass. After irradiation for various time in-
tervals, the soil was incubated at 25 + or - 0.1 C for 10
days. The amount of C02-C produced with the two dif-
ferent soils remained constant, and little or no differ-
ence was observed for microwave treatment ranging
from 1-20 min (4.2 X 10(sup 4) -8.5 X 10(sup 5) J).
When the C02-C results of this study were used to cal-
culate biomass-C estimates, the Sierra and Garden
soils were 29.5 + or - 3.0 and 26.9 + or - 3.9 mg C
100/g dry soil, respectively. This compared with
values of 35.8 + or - 0.7 and 28.8 + or - 1.2 mg C
100/g dry soil obtained by chloroform fumigation.
These results indicate that, for the soils tested, a suffi-
cient number of microorganisms survived microwave
irradiation to metabolize nutrients released from killed
cells during the controlled heating process. The ap-
proach appears to provide biomass estimates compa-
rable to chloroform procedure without the use of fumi-
gants. (Copyright (c) 1988 Kluwer Academic Publish-
ers.)
Keywords: 'Soil microbiology, 'Biomass, 'Electro-
magnetic radiation, Radiation effects, Carbon dioxide,
Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data), Microwaves, Decon-
tamination, Reprints, Cell count.
PB90-103201/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Assessing Potential Effects of Incinerating Organ-
ic Wastes at Sea: Using Research to Answer Man-
agement Questions. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
D. Redford, M. Jackson, J. Gentile, D. Oberacker, and
P. Boehm. c1988,5p EPA/600/ J-88/388
Pub. in Marine Pollution Bulletin, v19 n11B p599-601
1988. See also PB89-218200. Presented at Interna-
tional Ocean Disposal Symposium (7th), Wolfville,
Nova Scotia, Canada, October 21-25,1987. Prepared
in cooperation with Battelle Ocean Sciences, Duxbury
The paper discusses research to assess potential ef-
fects of incinerating hazardous wastes at sea. In 1985,
the U.S. EPA developed a research strategy to meas-
ure environmental and public health effects of inciner-
ating hazardous wastes at sea. Although existing data
indicated that effects would be minimal, the research
strategy was designed to ensure that effects would be
adequately and accurately assessed. These methods
were developed and evaluated in land-based tests;
they have been found suitable for use in research to be
conducted at sea. Plans for conducting research at
sea include emissions sampling and toxicity tests in
conjunction with monitoring for emissions constituents
in the air, surface water, sea-surface microlayer, and
organisms that live in surface water (neuston). Sam-
ples from the sea-surface microlayer will also be used
as test media for toxicity tests. Results of the research
conducted at sea may be used to refine the proce-
dures used in permitting and monitoring ocean inciner-
ation activities. The paper describes development of
EPA's ocean incineration regulation and a program to
administer the regulation. Also discussed is the use of
research results in developing short- and long-term
monitoring programs. (Copyright (c) 1988 Pergamon
Press pic.)
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Research projects,
Public health. Environmental surveys, Toxicity, Air
water interactions, Licenses, 'Waste management,
'Incineration, 'Risk assessment, 'Pollution regula-
tions, 'Ocean waste disposal. Environmental monitor-
ing, Air pollution sampling, Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB90-103219/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Practical Problems Reducing Radon in Houses:
Practical Problems Encountered During Efforts to
Reduce Radon Concentration in House*. Journal
article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
M. C. Osborne, and T. Brennan. C1988,6p* EPA/600/
J-88/390
Pub. in Building Research and Practice 16, n6 p363-
366 Nov-Dec 80. See also PB87-191540. Presented at
ASCE National Conference on Environmental Engi-
neering, Lake Buena Vista, FL, July 1987. Prepared in
cooperation with Camroden Associates, Rome, NY.
The paper discusses practical problems encountered
during efforts to reduce radon concentrations in
houses. The 10 problems identified represent only a
few of the many daily problems encountered by diag-
nosticians and mitigators. Nonetheless, they are some
of the current common problems that need to be con-
sidered and hopefuljy resolved in the near future. The
10 problems are: inconsistent sub-slab aggregate,
hidden pathways to chimneys, variations in porosity of
concrete/cinder block and block coatings, access to
radon entry surfaces, diurnal/seasonal variation in
radon concentrations, impact of radon-in-water on
radon-in-air, sealing the top row of concrete blocks, in-
sulating half-basements, sealing large thermal by-
passes, and coping with direct rock exposure.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Houses, 'Air pollution control,
Chimneys, Seasonal variations, Concrete blocks,
Basements, Porosity, Coatings, Rocks, Sealing, Con-
crete products, Construction materials, 'Indoor air pol-
lution, 'Radionuclide migration, Stationary sources,
Environmental transport, Path of pollutants.
PB90-103227/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
Radon Entry Into Detached Dwellings: House Dy-
namics and Mitigation Techniques. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
L. Hubbard, K. Gadsby, D. Bohac, A.lovell, and D.
Harjet. C1988,7p EPA/600/J-88/389
Pub. in Radiation Protection Dosimetry, v24 n1-4
p491 -495 1988. See also PB90-103219 and PB88-
184904. Presented at the International Symposium on
the Natural Radiation Environment (4th), Lisbon, Por-
tugal, December 7-11,1987. Prepared in cooperation
with Princeton Univ., NJ. Center for Energy and Envi-
ronmental Studies. Sponsored by Oak Ridge National
Lab., TN., Department of Energy, Washington,
The paper gives results of a 12-month field study on
the mechanisms of radon entry and the effectiveness
of mitigation techniques in 14 similar houses in New
Jersey. Continuous monitoring of a variety of param-
eters before and after mitigation has provided a very
rich data base. Continuous data were obtained for
radon concentrations and temperatures in different
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
zones in the house, under the slab, and in the walls, for
pressure differences across the basement perimeter,
for operation of the central air distribution system, and
for basic weather variables. Several-day averages of
air infiltration rates, both between individual zones and
outdoor air, and between pairs of zones, were ob-
tained throughout the period. The mitigation systems
tests were sub-slab pressurization and depressuriza-
tion with and without sealing, basement sealing, and
basement pressurization. An evaluation of the efficacy
of mitigation techniques tested in two single-story test
houses is presented as well as a discussion of how
mitigation affected air infiltration and radon source
strengths. The amount of air infiltrating each basement
from the soil gas is also discussed.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Houses, New Jersey, Perform-
ance evaluation, Basements, Concrete slabs, Sealing,
Pressurization, Continuous sampling, Reprints, 'Radi-
onuclide migration, 'Indoor air pollution, 'Mitigation,
'Air pollution abatement, Diagnostic techniques, Soil
gases.
PB80-103243/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from
Sources of Chromium. Supplement. Final rept.
Midwest Research Inst., Cary, NC.
J. Shular, R. Barker, B. Nicholson, and D. Randall. Aug
89,52p EPA/450/2-89/002
Contract EPA-68-02-4395
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
To assist groups inventorying air emissions of poten-
tially toxic substances, EPA is preparing a series of
documents that compiles available information on
sources and emissions of toxic substances. The docu-
ment deals specifically with methods to estimate chro-
mium (Cr(+6)) emissions from cooling towers and
electroplating operations.
Keywords: 'Chromium, 'Electroplating, "Cooling
towers, Air pollution control, Sources,
Concentration(Composition), Chromic acid, Anodizing,
Site surveys, Numerical analysis, 'Air pollution sam-
pling, 'Emission inventories, 'Toxic substances, Air
pollution standards.
PB90-103250/HSU	PC A17/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Hazardous Waste TSOF (Treatment, Storage, and
Disposal Facilities): Fugitive Particulate Matter Air
Emissions Guidance Document.
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO
C. Cowherd, P. Englehart, G. E. Muleski, and J. S.
Kinsey. May 89,399p EPA/450/3-89/019
Contract EPA-68-02-4395
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The purpose of the document is to provide regulatory
and industrial personnel with sufficient information to
identify sources of contaminated fugitive PM emis-
sions, estimate the magnitude of emissions, select
viable control measures, and estimate the effective-
ness of those measures in order to ensure that high
risks from these facilities do not occur. The following
sources are discussed in the document: paved and un-
paved roads, open waste piles and staging areas, dry
surface impoundments, landfills, land treatment, and
waste stabilization.
Keywords: 'Emission, 'Hazardous materials, 'Dust,
Roads, Storage, Industries, Magnitude, Sources, Air
pollution control, Pavements, Construction, Earth fills,
Wastes, Stabilization, Risk, Particulates, Fugitive par-
ticulate matter, Land application.
PB90-103268/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park NC Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Alternative Control Technology Document: Halo-
genated Solvent Cleaners. Final rept.
Radian Corp., Research Tnangle Park, NC. Progress
Aufl89. 240p EPA/450/3-89/030
Contract EPA-68-02-3816
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The document contains information on the use and
control of halogenated solvents in solvent cleaning ap-
plications. Described are the types of solvent cleaners
manufactured, sources of solvent emissions, methods
of controlling solvent emissions, and the costs associ-
ated with installation of control devices.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Solvents, 'Chloro-
hydrocarbons, 'Cleaning agents, 'Cleaners, 'Air pol-
lution control equipment, Cost analysis, Substitutes,
Halogen organic compounds, Capitalized costs, Oper-
ating costs, Performance evaluation, Equipment speci-
fications, 'Fugitive emissions.
PB90-103276/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Division Standard Evaluation Pro-
cedure: Storage Stability Study.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
M. J. Nelson, and F. D. Griffith. 8 Aug 89,18p EPA/
540/09-89/063
The assessment is designed to aid data reviewers in
their evaluations of the adequacy and appropriateness
of storage stability studies of pesticides and their me-
tabolites that together comprise the total toxic residue
in raw and processed commodities. Such studies pro-
vide information on the extent of residue decline with
the integrity of the residue values reported in experi-
mental samples subjected to storage prior to analysis.
The nature and magnitude of the residues in super-
vised trial samples (raw and processed foods/feeds)
are required by 40 CFR 158.240 to support the regis-
tration of any pesticide intended for use on a fooa or
feed crop under the amended Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act. The term 'total toxic
residue' is used to describe the sum of the parent pes-
ticide and its degradation products, metabolites (free
or bound), and impurities that are considered to be of
toxicological significance, and therefore warrant regu-
lation.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Food storage, 'Stability,
Toxic tolerances, Health, Impurities, Regulations,
'Pesticide residues.
PB90-103284/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Division Standard Evaluation Pro-
cedure: Analytical Method(s).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
M. J. Nelson, and F. D. Griffith. 8 Aug 89,20p EPA/
540/09-89/062
The Standard Evaluation Procedure is designed to aid
dietary exposure branch data reviewers in their evalua-
tion of analytical method(s) submitted (or referenced)
by petitioners/registrants for pesticides and their me-
tabolites that together comprise the 'total toxic resi-
due' in raw and processed commodities. These proce-
dures are to ensure that adequate analytical metnod(s)
are available for tolerance enforcement. The term
'total toxic residue' is used to describe the sum of the
parent pesticide and its degradation products, metabo-
lites (free or bound), and impurities that are considered
to be of toxicological significance, and therefore war-
rant regulation.
Keywords: 'Standard operating procedures, 'Evalua-
tion, Test methods, Quality control, 'Pesticide resi-
dues, Reference standards.
PB90-1032S2/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Division Standard Evaluation Pro-
cedure: Metabolism In Food Animals: Qualitative
Nature of the Residue.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
K. H. Arne. 8 Aug 89,17p EPA/540/09-89-061
Qualitative nature of residue studies are to define
qualitatively these residues when livestock have been
exposed to pesticides either by ingestion of treated
feeds, direct exposure, or premise use. If a pesticide
use could result in residues in edible tissue of livestock
(including poultry), in milk, or in eggs, petitioners for
tolerances are required by 40 CFR 158.240 to submit
animal metabolism studies. These data are used to de-
termine the total toxic residue (the residue considered
to be in need of regulation) in tissues, milk, and eggs.
The Standard Evaluation Procedure is designed to aid
Dietary Exposure Branch scientists in their evaluation
of animal metabolism studies. Residue chemistry and
further guidance for petitioners is in the residue chem-
istry Data Reporting Guidelines.
Keywords: 'Metabolism, 'Pesticides, 'Feeding stuffs,
Exposure, Toxicity, Regulations, Livestock,
Tolerances(Physiology), 'Pesticide residues.
PB90-103417/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Profiles of Industry: Occupational Health and
Safety Chartbook.
MITRE Corp., McLean, VA.
J. Freeman, L. Krupnak, C. Kuhlman, B. Stokes, and R
Travis. Feb81,268pMTR-81W12
Contract EPA-68-01-5064
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington. DC., and National Inst, for Occupational
Safety and Health, Rockville, MD.
The document presents selected industrial profiles
based on Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) data.
The profiles indicate work force characteristics such
as distribution and health or injury accidents. Data
summaries are presented graphically and in tabular
form for nine geographic regions. The industries in-
cluded were the primary metal industries, iron and
steel industry, petroleum and coal products, rubber
and miscellaneous plastics products, lumber and wood
products industries, chemicals and allied products,
construction industries, mining, motor vehicles and
equipment industries, agricultural production, textile in-
dustries, machinery (except electrical) industries, and
stone, clay and glass products industries. A descrip-
tion of the SEAS Economic Model used to derive
trends in employment and productivity was included. A
national overview of the United States labor force was
provided, including the 1977 data summary of the
labor force, the 1977 characterization of industrial sec-
tors, economic projections for 1975 through 2000, lists
of industries studied and their capital expenditures, the
states included in the nine United States census divi-
sions and a map showing these divisions.
Keywords: 'United States, 'Industrial accidents, 'Ac-
cident investigations. Statistical data, Hazards, Inju-
ries, Mortality, 'Occupational safety and health, Labor
force.
PB90-103458/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
DNA Adduct Formation, Metabolism, and Morpho-
logical Transforming Activity of Acianthrylene in
C3H10T1/2CL8 Cells. Journal article.
Baylor Coll. of Medicine, Houston, TX.
S. Nesnow, J. Ross, N. Mohapatra, A. Gold, and R
Sangaiah. c1989,15p EPA/600/J-89/055
Grant EPA-R-811817, Contract EPA-68-02-4031
Pub. in Jnl. of Mutation Research, v222 p223-235
1989. Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina
Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environmental Sciences
and Engineering. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Aceanthrylene (ACE), a cyclopenta-fused polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbon (CP-PAH) related to anthra-
cene, has been studied for its ability to be metabolized,
to form DNA adducts, and to morphologically trans^
form C3H101/2CL8 mouse embryo fibroblasts in cul-
ture. ACE is metabolized by C3H101T1/2 cells to
ACE-1,2-dihydrodiol (the cyclopenta-ring dihydrodioll
at a rate of 450 pmoles ACE-1,2-dihydrodiol formed/
hr 10 sup 6 cells. ACE-7,8-dihydrodiol and ACE-9 10-
dihydrodiol, identified as major Aroclor-1254 induced
rat liver microsomal metabolites from their UV, NMR
and mass spectral data, were not identified in incubal
tions of C3H10T1/2 cells with ACE. ACE-DNA adducts
in C3H10T1/2 cells were isolated, separated, identi-
fied, and quantitated using the 32p-postlabelina
method. ACE forms four major adducts and each was
identified as ACE-1,2-oxide/2'-de-oxyguanosine ad-
ducts. ACE-DNA adduct persistence and repair were
evaluated in C3H10T1/2 cells using a hydroxyurea
block after ACE treatment. ACE-DNA adducts were
not repaired under the conditions used in the morpho-
logical transformation studies. Thus, ACE provides an
interesting example of a mutagenic PAH which is ma.
tabolized by C3H10T1/2 cells to active intermediates
forms relatively stable and persistent 2'-deoxyguan©I
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sine adducts in C3H10T1/2 cells, and yet induces no
detectable morphological transforming activity under
the experimental conditions used.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Metabolism, "Aromatic polycy-
clic hydrocarbons, Thin layer chromatography, Re-
prints, "DNA damage, "Mutagenicity tests, "Aceanth-
rylene, Cultured cells.
PB90-103486/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Thermal and Water Source Effect* upon the Sta-
bility of Enteroviruses In Surface Freshwaters.
Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
C. J. Hurst, W. H. Benton, and K. A. McClellan. c5 Dec
88,9p EPA/600/J-89/056
Summary in French. Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Microbi-
ology, v35 p474-480 May 89. Prepared in cooperation
with National Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD.
The long-term survival of three human enterovirus ser-
otypes, coxsackievirus B3, echovirus 7, and poliovirus
1 was examined in samples of surface freshwater col-
lected from five sites of physically different character.
These were an artificial lake created by damming a
creek, a small groundwater outlet pond, both a large
and a medium sized river, and a small suburban creek.
Survival was studied at temperatures of -20, +01 and
4-23 celsius. The average amount of viral inactivation
was 6.5 to 7.0 log base 10 units over 8 weeks at
+23C, 4 to 5 log base 10 units over 12 weeks at
+01C, and 0.4 to 0.8 log base 10 units over 12 weeks
at -20C. The effect of incubation temperature upon
viral inactivation rate was statistically significant (P
<0.00001). As determined by pairing tests, survival
was also significantly related to both viral serotype and
water source at each of the three incubation tempera-
tures (P < or = 0.05). Efforts were made to determine
whether the rate of viral inactivation observed at the
different incubation temperatures was related to char-
acteristics inherent to the water that was collected
from the different locations.
Keywords: "Survival, "Enteroviruses, "Freshwater,
"Water pollution, Coxsackievirus, Echoviruses, Polio-
viruses, Temperature, Bacterial growth, Turbidity, Incu-
bation, Calcium carbonates, Conductivity, Tests, Sus-
pended solids.
PB90-103474/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Chloroform-Induced Multiple Forms of Ornithine
Decarboxylase: Differential Sensitivity of Forms
to Enhancement by Diethyl Maleate and Inhibition
by ODC-Antlzyme. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
R. E. Savage, K. Nofzinger, C. Bedell, A. B. DeAngelo,
and M. A. Pereira. c1989,10p EPA/600/J-89/057
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health,
v27 nl p57-64 May 89.
It has been reported that chloroform induces rat liver
ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). In both male and
female rat liver this induction is dose-dependent and
maximal 18 hours after a single intraperitoneal dose.
Two distinct forms of the enzyme are induced in rat
liver. Pretreatment of animals with diethyl maleate en-
hances the effect of chloroform. In addition, chloro-
form induces hepatic ornithine decarboxyiase-anti-
zyme (ODC-AZ) in rat liver. The study reports on the
effect of diethyl maleate pretreatment on the chloro-
form induction of two different forms of male rat liver
ODC and the sensitivity of the two forms of the enzyme
to inhibition by ODC-AZ.
Keywords: "Chloroform, "Toxicology, Liver, Rats, Re-
prints, "Ornithine decarboxylase, "Isoenzymes,
"Enzyme induction, Diethyl maleate, Gel chromatogra-
phy.
PBS0-103482/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Oene Structure, Organization, and Expression In
Archaebacteria. Journal article 28 Feb 86-28 Feb 89.
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept. of Microbiology.
J W. Brown, C. J. Daniels, and J. N. Reeve. C1989,
54p EPA/600/J-89/058
Contract EPA-R-812774
Pub. in CRC Critical Reviews in Microbiology, v16 n4
P287-338,1989. Prepared in cooperation with Indiana
Univ. at Bloomington. Dept. of Biology. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Major advances have recently been made in under-
standing the molecular biology of the archaebacteria.
The review compares the structure of protein and
stable RNA-encoding genes cloned and sequences
from each of the major classes of archaebacteria: the
methanogens, extreme halophiles, and acid thermo-
philes. Protein-encoding genes, including some en-
coding proteins directly involved in methanogenesis
and photoautotrophy, are analyzed on the basis of
gene organization and structure, transcriptional control
signals, codon usage, and evolutionary conservation.
Stable RNA-encoding genes are compared for gene
organization and structure, transcriptional signals, and
processing events involved in RNA maturation, includ-
ing intron removal. Comparisons of archaebacterial
structures and regulatory systems are made with their
eubacterial and eukaryotic homologs.
Keywords: Deoxyribonucleic acids, Ribonucleic acids,
Reprints, "Archaebacteria, "Bacterial genes, "Gene
expression, "Bacterial proteins, "Protein conforma-
tion, Genetic transcription, Base sequence, Promotor
regions(Genetics).
PBS0-103490/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's SITE (Su-
perfund Innovative Technology Evaluation)
Emerging Technology Program. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
E. R. Bates, J. G. Herrmann, and D. E. Sanning. cJul
89,11 p EPA/600/J-89/059
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v39
n7 p927-935 Jul 89.
Under the SITE Emerging Technology Program, the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is seeking to
foster the further development of technologies that
have been successfully tested at bench-scale and are
now ready for pilot-scale testing, prior to field- or full-
scale demonstration. The goal is to ensure that a
steady stream of permanent, cost-effective, technol-
ogies will be ready for demonstration in the field, there-
by increasing the number of viable alternatives avail-
able for use in Superfund removal and remedial ac-
tions. Under the program, EPA can offer technology
developers financial assistance of up to $150,000 per
year, for up to two years. The Third Emerging Technol-
ogy Program Solicitation is open to the receipt of new
proposals from July 8, 1989 through September 7,
1989. The article provides an introduction to the
Emerging Technology Program; an understanding of
how tne Program operates; a summary of those tech-
nologies currently being tested and evaluated under
the Program; and information on how to apply to the
Program. (Copyright (c) 1989, Air & Waste Manage-
ment Association.)
Keywords: Research projects, Project management,
Pilot plants, Substitutes, Awards, Reprints, "Superfund
Innovative Technology Evaluation Program, "Technol-
ogy utilization, "Waste management, Financial assist-
ance, Clean-up operations.
PB90-103508/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Statistics-Based Approach to Wastewater Treat-
ment Plant Operations. Journal article.
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison.
P. M. Berthouex, W. Lai, and A. Darjatmoko. cJun 89,
14p EPA/600/ J-89/060
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Engineering, v115 n3
p650-671 Jun 89. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engi-
neering Lab.
The paper describes work toward development of a
convenient decision support system to improve every-
day operation and control of the wastewater treatment
process. The goal is to help the operator detect prob-
lems in the process and select appropriate control ac-
tions. The system comprises subsystems for database
management, data analysis including several statisti-
cal methods, and expert advice. The statistical meth-
ods investigated include construction of external refer-
ence distributions, computation of moving averages,
graphical methods, discriminant functions for early de-
tection of upsets and several kinds of control charts.
The latter two methods are not built into the expert
system. Reference distributions are used to help
define fuzzy terms such as high and low lor the condi-
tions of the variables involved in the expert system
control rules. The system is written in dBase-Ill and
Lotus 1-2-3 and has a user-friendly interface for com-
munication between the user and the system.
Keywords: "Waste water, "Water treatment, "industri-
al plants, Management methods, Systems engineer-
ing, Control theory, Systems analysis, Decision sup-
port systems.
PB90-103516/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, NV.
Evaluation of Modifications to Extraction Proce-
dures Used In Analysis of Environmental Samples
from Superfund Sites. Journal article.
Lockheed Engineering and Sciences Co., Inc., Las
Vegas, NV.
C. A. Valkenburg, W. D. Munslow, and L. C. Butler.
c1989,9p EPA/600/J-89/061
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
Pub. in Jnl. of the Association of Official Analytical
Chemists, v72 n4 p602-608 1989. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, NV.
Recoveries from an aqueous sample of the semi-vola-
tile analytes listed on the EPA Target Compound List
are compared using 6 different methylene chloride ex-
traction procedures. Four experimental designs incor-
porating a continuous extraction apparatus are evalu-
ated, and 2 experimental designs using separatory
funnel methods are tested. In addition, 2 concentration
procedures are compared, and the loss of analytes as-
sociated with both extraction and concentration proce-
dures are determined. These studies indicate that the
most efficient and economical technique for the ex-
traction of these compounds from an aqueous matrix
is a single continuous extraction procedure performed
at 2 pH.
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "Waste disposal, "Site
surveys, "Solvent extraction, Chloromethanes, Contin-
uous sampling, Experimental design, Revisions,
Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition), pH, Gas
chromatography, Mass spectroscopy, Reprints, "Su-
perfund program, Target Compound List
PBSO-103573/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) Adsorption to Soils
and Sediments. Journal article.
Tennessee Univ., Knoxville.
A. Ogram, G. S. Sayler, D. Gustin, and R. J. Lewis.
C1988,5p EPA/600/J-89/038
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v22
n8 p982-984 Aug 88. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab., GuTf Breeze, FL., and National Institutes
of Health, Bethesda, MD.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) adsorption of five soils,
an acid-washed sand, and a lake sediment was investi-
gated. All DNA at environmentally relevant concentra-
tions was adsorbed by soils containing a significant
amount of montmorillonite at low to neutral pH values.
Studies on the effects of DNA molecular size on ad-
sorption to sand and a sandy soil were described by
the Freundlich isotherm model (r2 >0.85), and re-
vealed that the higher the molecular weight, the more
the adsorption. The effects of ionic strength (as
sodium phosphate buffer) on adsorption showed that
adsorption decreases as P04 increases. Organic
carbon was found to play a relatively minor role in the
adsorption of DNA to these soils. A scheme for the ex-
traction of DNA from soils was also developed. (Copy-
right 1988 American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: "Sediments, "Absorption, "Deoxyribonu-
cleic acids, "Soil chemistry, Ionic strength, PH, Extrac-
tion, Montmorillonite, Sands, Reprints.
PB90-103681/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Food Availability on the Acute Toxicity
of Four Chemicals to 'Myaidopals bahia' (Mysida-
cea) In Static Exposures. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
G. M. Cripe, A. ingley-Guezou, L. R. Goodman, and J.
Forester. c1989,8p EPA/600/J-89/037
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v8
P333-338 1989.
Static acute 96 hour tests were conducted with Mysi-
dopsis bahia using either carbophenothion, cyper-
methrin, maiathion, or 4-(tert-Octyl)phenol. The mysids
were 24 hours old or less at test initiation. For each
chemical, two replicate tests were conducted simulta-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
neously with each of three rations of food provided.
The rations chosen were 10 Artemia per mysid per day
(A/m/d), and 110 A/m/d, clearly in excess of that nec-
essary for good survival and growth. These rations
were chosen after growth studies with Mysidopsis
bahia using two types of Artemia salina indicated that
only rations of 5, 10 or 30 A/m/d/ were different from
50, 70, 90 and 110 A/m/d as measured by dry weight.
Keywords: "Crustacea, 'Toxicity, 'Insecticides, Food
supply, Malathion, Reprints, 'Artemia, Mysidopsis
bahia, Carbophenothion, Cypermethrin, Dose re-
sponse-relationships.
PB90-103599/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Toxicity of Pyrethrolds to Marine Invertebrates
and Fish: A Literature Review and Test Results
with Sedlment-Sorbed Chemicals. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
J. R. Clark, L. R. Goodman, P. W. Borthwick, J. M.
Patrick, and G. M. Cripe. C1989,11p EPA/600/J-89/
040
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v8
p393-401 1989. Presented at the Symposium on
Aquatic Toxicology of the Pyrethroid Insecticides,
Annual Meeting of the Society of Environmental Toxi-
cology and Chemistry (7th), Alexandria, VA., Novem-
ber 2-5,1986.
Data on acute and chronic toxicity of permethrin, fen-
valerate, cypermethrin, and flucythinate to marine in-
vertebrates and fishes are reviewed. Laboratory toxici-
ty tests were conducted with sediment-source fenva-
lerate and cypermethrin under static and flow-through
conditions to determine the degree of contamination
necessary to achieve acute, lethal effects on mysids
(Mysidopsi bahia), grass shrimp (Palaemonetes
pugio), and pink shrimp (Penaeus duorarum). Mortality
was observed among test animals only in systems
where concentrations of sediment-source pyrethroids
were sufficient to establish lethal concentrations in
overlying water through sediment-water partitioning.
For fenvalerate, lethal effects occurred at sediment
concentrations of 0.1 mg/kg (static and flow-through)
for mysids and grass shrimp and 10 mg/kg for pink
shrimp. Sediment concentrations of cypermethrin (0.1
mg/kg (static) or 1.0 mg/kg (flowthrough)) resulted in
mortality among mysids ana grass shrimp, whereas 1.0
mg/kg was the only test concentration that caused
mortality among pink shrimp in static or flow-through
tests systems.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Invertebrates, 'Toxicity, 'Insecti-
cides, 'Marine biology, Sediments, Lethal dosage, Re-
prints, Mysidopsis bahia, Penaeus duorarum, Palae-
monetes pugio, Permethrin, Fenvalerate, Cypermeth-
rin, Flucythinate.
PB90-103607/H3U	PC A03/MF A01
in situ Assessment of Genotoxlc Hazards of Envl-
ronmsntal Pollution. Journal article.
ye5l,l].^EtLect8 Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
S. S. Sandhu, and W. R. Lower. c1989,13p EPA/600/
J-89/041
Pub in Toxicology and Industrial Health, v5 nl p73-83,
1989. Prepared in cooperation with Missouri Univ.-Co-
lumbia. Environmental Trace Substances Research
Center.
The potential Impact of environmental pollutants on
human health can be evaluated by laboratory analysis
of environmental samples or by measurement of Dio-
logical effects on indigenous populations and/or spe-
cific test organisms placed in the environment to be
monitored. The organisms most commonly used to
assess mutagenicity under real world conditions are
flowering plants, wild and captive mammals, and
aquatic vertebrates. Plant species have been used to
monitor ambient air quality around several major indus-
trial cities in the USA, nuclear power plants, and indus-
trial waste sites, and also to assess potential health ef-
fects of municipal sewage sludges. Domestic animals
can be used as sentinels to provide information on ef-
fects of contaminants in the environment and have
been used to a limited extent to evaluate environmen-
tal influences on the occurrence of breast cancer and
osteosarcoma. Cytogenetic analysis from feral and
wild animals has been employed to assess health haz-
ards and prioritize clean-up efforts at hazf"fl°"® *®8t®
sites Aquatic animals have been used more often than
terrestrial animals or plants to identity ^characterize
the genotoxic effects of environmental pollution.
1388 Vol. 90, No. 24
Keywords: 'Indicator species, 'Environmental sur-
veys, Animals, Plants, Exposure, Fishes, Liver neo-
plasms, Mutations, Reprints, 'Toxic substances, 'Mu-
tagenicity tests, Biological effects, Sister chromatid ex-
change, Micronucleus test, Environmental pollution,
Gallbladder neoplasms.
PB90-103615/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Interaction of Haloacetonltriles with Glutathione
and Glutathione-S-Transferase. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
E. L. C. Lin, and C. W. Guion. C1989,6p EPA/600/J-
89/042
Pub. in Biochemical Pharmacology, v38 n4 p685-688
Feb 89.
The interactions of reduced glutathione (GSH) with ha-
loacetonltriles (HAN) were carried out under various
conditions and the depletion of GSH was determined.
Haloacetonitriles reacted directly with glutathione in
the absence of tissue extracts. In the presence of cyto-
solic protein, the depletion of GSH by MCAN was in-
creased, but GSH depletion by DBAN and TCAN was
not altered. In the presence of microsomes and a
NADPH regenerating system, the consumption of GSH
by MCAN and DCAN was increased whereas GSH
consumption by DBAN and TCAN was decreased, in-
dicating the biotransformation of HAN to metabolites
with different reactivities towards GSH. In the pres-
ence of bovine serum albumin, the consumption of
GSH by TCAN was decreased while no difference was
observed in the depletion of GSH by DBAN. All haloa-
cetonitriles inhibited glutathione-S-transferase activi-
ties in vitro. TCAN was the most potent inhibitor, fol-
lowed by DBAN, BCAN, and MCAN, with DCAN was
the least reactive.
Keywords: 'Glutathione, 'Halogen organic com-
pounds, 'Water pollution, "Acetonitrile, Rats, Metabo-
lism, Enzyme inhibitors, Toxicity, Reprints, 'Glutathi-
one transferases, Liver microsomes, NADP, Biotrans-
formation.
PB90-103623/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Ca(2+)/Caimodulin-Dep«ndent Protein Kinase
Enriched In Cerebellar Granule Cells: Identifica-
tion of a Novel Neuronal Calmodulin-Dependent
Protein Kinase. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Neurotoxicology Div.
C. A. Ohmstede, K. F. Jensen, and N. E. Sahyoun.
C1989,12p EPA/600/ J-89/046
Pub. in Jnl. of Biological Chemistry, v264 n10 p5866-
5875, 5 Apr 89. Prepared in cooperation with Bur-
roughs Wellcome Co., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The authors cloned a novel, brain-specific, Ca/calmo-
dulin-dependent protein kinase from a rat lambda gt11
library which was probed for calmodulin-binding pro-
teins. Antibodies raised against the b-galactosidase
fusion protein recognized Mr 65000 and Mr 65000/
67000 polypeptides from rat forebrain and cerebellum,
respectively. Both polypeptides co-purified to homoge-
neity and phosphorylated synapsin I. The protein
kinase is coded for by two poly A+RNAs at 2.0 kb and
3.5 kb which probably derive from a single gene. A 1.3
kbp cDNA insert contained 477 bp of protein coding
sequence which included a calmodulin-binding
domain, but no further sequence similarities to other
protein kinases. Immunohistochemical localization
with a monospecific antibody revealed that the
enzyme was expressed in specific subpopulations and
was exceptionally enriched in the granule cells of the
cerebellum.
Keywords: Calcium, Rats, Genetics, Chemical analy-
sis, Isolation, Reprints, 'Protein kinases, 'Calmodulin,
Brain chemistry, Molecular cloning, Immunohistoche-
mistry, Monoclonal antibodies, Poly A, Base se-
quence, Immunoblotting.
PB90-103631/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Plasma Binding of 1-Butanol, Phenol, Nitroben-
zene and Pentachlorophenol In the Rainbow Trout
and Rat: A Comparative Study. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
P. K. Schmieden and T. R. Henry. c1988,6p EPA/
600/J-88/374
Pub. in Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,
v91C n2 p413-418 1988. Prepared in cooperation with
College of Saint Scholastica, Duluth, MN.
The in vitro binding of 1-butanol, phenol, nitrobenzene,
and pentachlorophenol in trout plasma and rat plasma
was determined. Binding to rainbow trout plasma pro-
teins agreed within 9% of that observed in rat plasma.
Percentage bound to rainbow trout (2-99%) or rat (10-
99%) plasma proteins increased as the log octanol/
water partition coefficient of the chemicals increased
within the Log P 1 -3 range, and was suggestive of hy-
drophobic interactions in binding.
Keywords'. 'Blood proteins, "Binding, 'Toxicology,
Trout, Rats, Phenol, Butanol, Nitrobenzenes, Compari-
son, Reprints, 'Pharmacokinetics, Pentachlorophenol.
PB90-103649/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Comparison of Sorption Energetics for Hydropho-
bic Organic Chemicals by Synthetic and Natural
Sorbents from Methanol/water Solvent Mixture*.
Journal article.
Florida Univ., Gainesville.
K. B. Woodburn, L. S. Lee, P. S. C. Rao, and J. J.
Delfino. C1989,9p EPA/600/J-89/081
Grant EPA-R-811144
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology v23 n4
p407-413 Apr 89. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
Reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) was
used to investigate the thermodynamics and mecha-
nisms of hydrophobic organic chemical retention from
methanol/water solvent mixtures. The enthalpy-entro-
py compensation model was used to infer that the hy-
drophobic sorptive mechanisms were different for po-
lycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and monohalo-
benzenes compared with alkylbenzenes in methanol/
water RPLC systems. The estimated compensation
temperatures beta for the two retention mechanisms
were essentially independent of the organic cosolvent
content (35-80% methanol by volume) and RPLC
chain length (C-2-C-8). Sorption of four PAHs by Web-
ster surface soil from 30/70 methanol/water solution
at three temperatures was measured by the batch
equilibration technique. A beta value of 506 K was cal-
culated by using these data and was within the range
of beta values estimated from the RPLC data (471-
762K). This suggests that the sorptive mechanisms
were similar for PAH retention by the RPLC sorbents
and the Webster soil from the binary mixed solvent.
Keywords: 'Organic chemistry, 'Soil chemistry, 'Sor-
bents, Liquid chromatography, Aromatic poiycyclic hy-
drocarbons, Enthalpy, Entropy, Thermodynamics, Ha-
lohydrocarbons, Absorption, Comparison, Reprints.
PB90-103656/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada.
OK.
Spatial and Temporal Gradients In Aquifer Oxida-
tion-Reduction Conditions. Journal article.
Illinois Dept. of Energy and Natural Resources, Spring-
field.
M. J. Barcelona, T. R. Holm, M. R. Schock, and G. K.
George. c1969,16p EPA/600/J-89/082
Pub. in Water Resources Research, v25 n5 p991-1003
May 86. Prepared in cooperation with Illinois Univ. at
Urbana-Champaign. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr En-
vironmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
The study was undertaken to identify principal oxidiz-
ing and reducing chemical species in groundwater with
the goal of determining the utility of platinum electrode
(Eh) measurements to characterize subsurface redox
conditions. Serial measurements of Eh and ground-
water analyses were conducted in oxic and suboxic
environments over more than a 2-year period for major
ionic, oxidized, and reduced species. Vertical gradients
in measured Eh values in the oxic groundwater envi-
ronments can exceed -40 mV/m depth. In the poorly
poised oxic groundwaters, the Eh measurements cor-
related reasonably well with calculated values based
on analytical determinations of 02 and H202 which
was detected persistently in the 10 sup -8 to 10 sup -9
M range. The equilibrium calculated Eh values from
redox couples did not correlate well with measured Eh
values over the 2-year study period. In the suboxic
range, the average calculated values based on the
Fe3+/Fe2+ coupled correlated well with averaged
measured values. The results support the need tode-
termine redox pairs in groundwater as a supplement to
either calculated 'equilibrium* Eh values or Pt elec-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Aquifers, 'Oxidation reduction reactions,
'Electrode potentials, Graphs(Charts), Platinum, Dis-
solved gases, Ground water, Oxygen, Hydrogen per-
oxide, Quantitative analysis, Measurement,
Tables(Data), Reprints, 'Redox potential.
PB90-103864/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Qeochemlcal Partitioning of Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe, and
Mn Across the Sediment-Water Interface in Large
Lakes. Journal article.
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of Geologi-
cal Sciences.
J. D. McKee, T. P. Wilson, D. T. Long, and R. M. Owen.
C1989,15p
Grant EPA-R-813535
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research, v15 n1 p46-58
Apr 89. Prepared in cooperation with Michigan Univ.,
Ann Arbor. Dept. of Geological Sciences. Sponsored
by Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
The early diagenetic remobilization of Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu,
and Pb was evaluated by studying the geochemical
partitioning of the metals among hydromorphic phases
(as operationally defined by sequential-chemical ex-
tractions) in interfacial sediment (fluff) and in the sedi-
ment column at a site in the Caribou sub-basin, Lake
Superior. The fluff was collected with a vacuum/filtra-
tion system developed for the submersible Johnson
Sea-link II and the sediment column by gravity coring.
The results show that: Pb, Cu, and Zn exhibit sediment
profiles in which their concentrations decrease with
depth for total metal and some of the hydromorphic
phases; Mn and Fe profiles are the result of early dia-
genesis; each of the metals is uniquely partitioned
among the phases and the partitioning changes from
the fluff to the sediment column and with depth; and
the concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Pb in the fluff are
higher than those In the sediment column and in some
instances, appear to be an exponential extrapolations
of the latter. The results are interpreted to indicate that
the metals are remobilized during early diagenesis and
that the fluff may be chemically unique compared to
the sediment column, perhaps being similar to interfa-
cial sediments identified in deep marine environments.
Keywords: 'Geochemistry, 'Diagenesis, 'Metals,
'Lakes, Lake Superior, Separation, zinc, Iron, Copper,
Magnesium, pH, Sediments, Collecting methods, Re-
prints, 'Sediment-water interfaces.
PB90-103872/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Toxicity of Acetylenlc Alcohols to the Fathead
Minnow, 'Plmephale* promelas': Narcosis and
Proelectrophlie Activation. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
G D. Veith, R. L. Lopnick, and C. L. Russom. C1989,
12p EPA/600/J-89/084
Pud. in Xenobiotica, v19 n5 p555-5651989.
The 96-h LC50 values for 16 acetylenlc alcohols In the
fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) were deter-
mined using continuous-flow diiuters. The measured
LC50 values for seven tertiary propargylic alcohols
agreed closely with the OSAR predictions based upon
data lor other organic non-electrolytes acting by a nar-
cosia mechanism. Four primary and four secondary
propargytic alcohols were 7 to 4600 times more toxic
than the respective narcotic toxicity estimated by
QSAR. Metabolic activation to electrophilic alpha,
beta-unsaturated propargylic aldehydes or ketones Is
proposed to account for the increased toxicity. 3-
Butyn-1-ol and 4-pentyn-2-ol, primary and secondary
homopropargylic alcohols, were 320 and 160, respec-
tively, times more toxic than predicted. In this case an
activation step involving biotransformation to an al-
lenic electropnile intermediate was proposed. (Copy-
right (c) 1989 Taylor and Francis, Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Alcohols, 'Toxicity, Narcosis,
Electrophilic reactions, Reprints, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), 'Pimephales promelas, 'Propargylic
alcohols, 'Homopropargylic alcohols, Structure-activi-
ty relationship.
PB90-103640/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Factors Associated with Reduced Fertility and Im-
plantation Rates In Female* Mated to Aerylamld*
Treated Rata. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
V H Sublet, H. Zenick, and M. K. Smith. c1989,17p
EPA/600/J-89/062
Pub. in Toxicology, v55 p53-67 Mar 89. Prepared in co-
operation with Cincinnati Univ., OH. Dept. of Environ-
mental Health.
A series of studies was conducted to examine the role
of copulatory dysfunction, spermatotoxicity, and/or im-
paired fertilization in the reduced rates of fertility and
implantation observed in females mated to acrylamide-
treated male rats. In initial experiments, males were
gavaged with 0, 5,15, 30, 45, or 60 mg/kg acrylamide
(ACR) for 5 days and then mated senally to naive fe-
males. ACR treatment reduced fertility and increased
pre- and post-implantation loss, primarily over the first
3 weeks post-treatment. The data suggest that events
critical to the fertilizing ability of the sperm appear to
play a major role in the reduced reproductive compe-
tence associated with ACR treatment in male rats.
(Copyright (c) 1989 Elsevier Scientific Publishers Ire-
land Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Fertility, 'Toxicity, 'Acrylamide, Rats,
Male, Female, ReproductionfBiology), Germ cells,
Dose rate, Reprints, Animal sex behavior, Fertilization,
Ovum implantation.
PB90-103698/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Developmental Toxicity of Dichioroacetonltrile: A
By-Product of Drinking Water Disinfection. Journal
article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH. Toxicol-
ogy and Microbiology Div.
U. K. Smith, J. L. Randall, J. A. Stober, and E. J. Read.
C1989,10p EPA/600/J-89/063
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, v12
P765-772 Apr 89. Prepared in cooperation with Envi-
ronmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Cincin-
nati, OH., and Computer Sciences Corp., Cincinnati,
OH.
Dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN), a by-product of drinking
water disinfection formed by reaction of chlorine with
background organic materials, was evaluated for its
developmental effects in pregnant Long-Evans rats.
Animals were dosed by oral intubation on gestation
days 6-18 (plug = 0) with 0, 5,15, 25, or 45 mg/kg/
day. Tricaprylin was used as a vehicle. The highest
dose tested (45 mg/kg) was lethal in 9% of the dams
and caused resorption of the entire litter in 60% of the
survivors. Embryo lethality averaged 6% per litter at
the low dose and 80% at the high dose and was statis-
tically significant at 25 and 46 mg/kg/day. The inci-
dence or soft tissue malformations was dose related
and was statistically significant at doses toxic to the
dam (45 mg/kg). These anomalies were principally in
the cardiovascular (interventricular septal defect, levo-
cardia, and abnormalities of the major vessels) and
urogenital (hydronephrosis, rudimentary bladder and
kidney, fused ureters, pelvic hernia, cryptorchidism)
systems. The frequency of skeletal malformations
(fused and cervical ribs) was also dose related and sig-
nificantly increased at 45 mg/kg. The no-observed-ad-
verse-effect dose for toxicity in pregnant Long-Evans
rats was established by statistical analysis to be 15
mg/kg/day. (Copyright (c) 1989 The Society of Toxi-
cology.)
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Disinfection, Rats, Animal physi-
ology, Embryos, Lethal dosage, Body weight, Reprints,
'Teratogens, "Drinking water, 'Dichioroacetonitrile,
Dose-response relationships, Malformations, Bones,
Water pollution effects(Animals), Cardiovascular
system, Urogenital system.
PB90-103706/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Chloroform Inhibition of 1,2-Dlmethylhydrazlne-
Induced Gastrointestinal Tract Tumors In the
Flcher 344 Rat Journal article.
Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Cin-
cinnati, OH.
F. B. Daniel, A. B. DeAngelo, J. A. Stober, M. A.
Pereira, and G. R. Olson. c1989,7p EPA/600/J-89/
064
Contract EPA-68-03-3215
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, v13 n1
p40-45, Jul 89. Prepared in cooperation with Pathology
Associates, Inc., West Chester, OH. Sponsored by
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
The effect of chloroform (CHC13), administered at 0,
900, and 1800 mg/l in the drinking water, on the carci-
nogenic potency of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) was
investigated. Groups of forty male Fisher 344 rats were
given one of the three drinking water solutions for 39
weeks following the subcutaneous injection of 200
mg/kg DMH, a known gastrointestinal (Gl) tract carcin-
ogen in this animal strain. When tumors from the Gl
tract were pooled there was a highly significant (p
<0.001) decrease in total number of tumors per group
with increasing concentration of drinking water
CHC13. In the control group (0 mg/l CHC13), 14/39
(36%) of the animals developed tumors of the Gl tract,
including the duodenum, jejunum, stomach, cecum
and colon. In contrast, the incidence of tumors in the
two groups of rats given CHC13 in the drinking water
was significantly lower (p <0.001; 900 mg/l CHC13,
12.8%; and 1800 mg/l CHC13, 12.5%). A similar rela-
tionship was obtained when colon tumors were ana-
lyzed independently (p = 0.01). These results demon-
strate that CHC13 in the drinking water inhibits car-
cinogenesis in the rat Gl tract. (Copyright (c) 1989 by
the Society of Toxicology.)
Keywords: 'Chloroform, 'Dimethylhydrazines, Rats,
Male, Body weight, 'Gastrointestinal neoplasms,
'Drinking water, Dose-response relationships, Water
pollution effects(Animals), Drug antagonism.
PB9O-103714/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Synthesis of 3-(14)C-3-Chlopo-4-{Dlchloromethyl)-
5-Hydroxy-2(5H)-Furanone and It* Use In a Tissue
Distribution Study In the Rat. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH. Toxicol-
ogy and Microbiology Div.
H. P. Ringhand, W. H. Kaylor, R. G. Miller, and F. C.
Kopfler. C1989,10p EPA/600/J-89/065
Pub. in Chemosphere, v18 n11-12 p2229-2236 Jun 89.
A procedure for the synthesis of (14JC-MX using bro-
moacetic-2-(14)C acid as the starting material was de-
veloped. Use of the radiolabeled product in a distribu-
tion study in the rat indicated that the majority of the ra-
dioactivity was cleared in feces (47%) and urine (33%)
within 48 hours. The parent compound was not detect-
ed in blood samples taken after 48 hours or in the
feces and urine samples.
Keywords: 'Chemical reactions, 'Furans, 'Bromine,
Rats, Carbon dioxide, Urine, Feces, Dosage, Blood
chemical analysis, Reprints, 'Pharmacokinetics, 3-
(14)C-3-chloro-4(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-
furanone, Bromoacetic-2-(14)C acid. Tissue distribu-
tion, Carbon radioisotopes. Volatile organic com-
pounds.
PB90-103722/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC,
Transmission of Enteric Disease Associated with
Wastewater Irrigation: A Prospective Epidemio-
logical Study. Journal article.
Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem (Israel).
H. I. Shuval, Y. Wax, P. Yekutiel, and B. Fattal. c1989,
5p EPA/600/ J-89/066
Grant EPA-R-860416
Pub. in American Jnl. of Public Health, v79 n7 p850-
852 Jul 89. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A prospective epidemiological study of possible enter-
ic disease transmission by aerosolized pathogens
from sprinkler irrigation of partially treated wastewater
in 20 kibbutzim (collective agricultural settlements) in
Israel between March 1981 and February 1982 was
conducted. Medical data were collected from the pa-
tients' files and daily logs of physicians and nurses at
each kibbutzim clinic (total population 10,231). Epi-
sodes of enteric disease were similar in the kibbutzim
most exposed to wastewater aerosols (11.6 per 100
person-year) and the kibbutzim not exposed to
wastewater in any form (11.0 per 100 person-year). No
excess of enteric disease was seen among
wastewater contract workers or their families as com-
pared with the unexposed. No negative health effects
were detected in the study which Involved a large pop-
ulation, including many young children exposed to
treated wastewater aerosols generated at distances of
300-600 miles. (Copyright (c) 1989 American Journal
of Public Health.)
Keywords: 'Enterobacteriaceae, 'Sprinkler irrigation,
'Epidemiology, 'Gastrointestinal diseases, Aerosols,
Waste water, Occurrence, Israel, Randomization, Re-
prints, Prospective studies.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-103730/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Effects of Temperature Variation on Critical
Stream Dissolved Oxygen. Journal article.
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Civil Engi-
neering.
J. W. Eneart, and H. Park. c1989,9p EPA/600/J-89/
068
Pub. in Water Resources Research, v25 n2 p145-151
Feb 89. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering
Lab.
The classical assumption that the lowest dissolved
oxygen (DO) occurs at the highest temperature may
not always hold. The DO saturation concentration de-
creases monotonically with increasing temperature,
lowering the DO, but the reaeration coefficient in-
creases monotonically with increasing temperature,
tending to raise it. The decay coefficient monotonically
increases with increasing temperature, lowering the
DO for single discharges but not necessarily for multi-
ple discharges. (Lower decay rates attending lower
temperatures could result in low DO at the point where
the impact from one discharge meets that of another.)
The paper addressed the question of whether DO
might under some circumstances worsen with de-
creasing temperature. Using a linear programming
model it is shown that for a uniform stream at constant
streamflow, the pattern of discharge that maximizes
the derivative of critical dissolved oxygen with respect
to temperature is an infinite uniformly distributed load.
This suggests that streams receiving a large number of
discharges may be more susceptible to DO increasing
with decreasing temperature than streams receiving a
small number of discharges. (Copyright (c) 1989 by the
American Geophysical Union.)
Keywords: "Dissolved gases, "Oxygen, "Water quality
management, "Temperature distribution, "Mathemati-
cal models, "Water pollution control, Design criteria,
Low temperature tests, High temperature tests, Dis-
charges, Sources, Unloading, Reprints.
PB90-103748/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Waste Treatability Tests of Spent Solvent and
Other Organic Wastewaters. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
R. J. Turner. cMay 89,9p EPA/600/J-89/069
Pub. in Environmental Progress, v8 n2 p113-119, May
89.
Some commercial and industrial facilities treat RCRA
spent solvent wastewaters by steam stripping, carbon
adsorption, and/or biological processes. Thirteen fa-
cilities were visited by EPA's Office of Research and
Development (ORD) from June 1985 to September
1986, to conduct sampling and analysis episodes and
to determine the levels of performance achievable by
these and other treatment processes. The paper sum-
marizes the results of five of the tests: two steam strip-
pers, two carbon adsorption systems, and one activat-
ed sludge biological system.
Keywords: "Solvents, "Organic compounds, "Waste
treatment, Performance evaluation, Industrial wastes,
Risk, Hazardous materials, Distillation, Evaporation,
Activated sludge process, Activated carbon treatment,
Adsorption, Remedial action. Steam stripping.
PB90-10375S/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
SITE (Superfund Innovative Technology Evalua-
tion) Program Update; An Introduction. Journal ar-
ticle.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
R. A. Olexsey. cJan 89,9p EPA/600/J-89/070
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v39
n1 p15-21 Jan 89.
Provided below are detailed descriptions of the three
main components of the SITE Program: the Demon-
stration Program; the Emerging Technologies Pro-
?ram; and the Innovative Technologies Program,
ables describe the various technologies that have
been developed in these programs. (Copyright (c)
1989, Air and Waste Management Association.)
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Environmental pro-
tection, "Waste treatment, "Solid waste disposal,
Demonstrations, Technology innovation. Technology
transfer, Sites, Tables(Data), Superfund, Site program.
PB90-103763/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effect of Preloading on the Scale*up of GAC
(Granular Activated Carbon) Microcolumns. Jour-
nal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research Div.
T. F. Speth, and R. J. Miltner. cApr 89,11p EPA/600/
J-89/072
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association, p141 -
146 Apr 89.
A previously proposed microcolumn scale-up proce-
dure is evaluated. Scale-up assumptions dealing with
equal capacities in microcolumns and field columns
are focused on in an effort to evaluate the effect of
preloading carbon with naturally occurring organic ma-
terial. Reductions in capacity found in the column stud-
ies are compared to distilled, groundwater, and pre-ad-
sorbed isotherms. Total organic carbon breakthrough
in the field column is presented to explain capacity re-
ductions. A simplified version of a mass transfer model
and a more complex mass transfer model are used to
predict the pilot column results.
Keywords: "Water treatment, "Activated carbon treat-
ment, "Adsorption, "Column packings, Ground water,
Model tests, Mass transfer, Mathematical models,
Chlorohydrocarbons, Diffusion coefficient,
Graphs(Charts), Tables (Data), Alkene compounds,
Elution, Reprints, "Organic loadings.
PB90-103771/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Determination of the Insect Growth Regulator
Methoprene In Natural Waters by Capillary Gas-
Llquid Chromatography. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
M. L. Knuth. C1989,9p EPA/600/J-89/085
Pub. in Chemosphere, v18 n11 -12 p2275-2281 1989.
Residues of methoprene were measured in natural
waters by capillary gas-liquid chromatography (GLC).
Methoprene was extracted in the field by liquid-liquid
partitioning with dichloromethane, transported to the
laboratory, and extracted a second time with hexane.
The extracts were dried with Na2S04 and analyzed by
Capillary GLC on a 15m x 0.25 mm, DB-5 capillary
column using a hydrogen flame ionization detector.
The recovery of methoprene from natural waters was
107.6 plus or minus 20.2% (n=18). Methoprene was
detected in 3 of 5 sites sampled and ranged from 0.39
to 8.8 micro g/L.
Keywords: "Insects, "Pesticides, "Growth regulators,
Determination, Residues, Gas chromatography. Pest
control, Shallow water, Watersheds, Statistical analy-
sis, Reprints, "Methroprene, "Aquatic ecosystems,
Flame ionization.
PB90-103789/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Recent Advances In the Matrix Isolation Infrared
Spectrometry of Organic Compounds. Journal arti-
cle.
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
N. K. Wilson, and J. W. Childers. C1989,63p EPA/
600/J-89/076
Contract EPA-68-02-4444
Pub. in Applied Spectroscopy Reviews, v25 n1 p1-61
1989. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Re-
search and Exposure Assessment Lab.
The review addresses the application of matrix isola-
tion methods to the study of stable organic species.
Emphasis is placed on the scientific literature pub-
lished from 1981 to 1988. Earlier work is referenced to
provide a historical perspective from which to assess
current trends.
Keywords: "Infrared spectroscopy, "Organic com-
pounds, "Gas chromatography, Spectrum analysis,
Reviews, Chemical analysis, Performance evaluation,
Environmental surveys, Low temperature tests, Hydro-
gen bonds, Complex compounds, Laboratory equip-
ment, Isomerization, Aromatic polycyciic hydrocar-
bons, Reprints, "Matrix isolation techniques, "Fourier
transform spectrometers, Chemical reaction mecha-
nisms, Molecular conformation, Trace amounts, Free
radicals.
PB90-103797/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Radon Reduction In Crawl Space Houses. Journal
article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
M. C. Osborne, D. G. Moore, R. E. Southerlan, T.
Brennan, and B. E. Pyle. c1989,19p EPA/600/J-89/
078
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Engineering, v115 n3
p574-589 Jun 89. Prepared in cooperation with Energy
Systems, Inc., Cookville, TN„ Camroden Associates,
Rome, NY., and Southern Research Inst., Birmingham,
The paper gives results of an EPA study of radon miti-
gation alternatives for crawl space houses in several
houses in Nashville, TN. Application of one of these al-
ternative mitigation options, suction under a polyethyl-
ene membrane, has been successful in significantly re-
ducing radon levels in both the crawl space and the
house. The large radon concentrations measured
under unvented plastic ground covers and the mois-
ture barriers found in many crawl spaces can act as
radon-rich reservoirs capable of contaminating a crawl
space and house during periods of depressurization.
With the exhaust components of the mitigation system
in place, radon levels below the plastic decreased by
more than 95% under both passive and active suction
conditions. Based on the study, the design of a cost-ef-
fective subplastic suction passive radon mitigation
system for crawl spaces seems promising.
Keywords: "Radon, "Air pollution control, "Houses,
Substitutes, Polyethylene, Polymeric films, Ventilation!
Reprints, "Indoor air pollution, "Mitigation,'
Nashvllle(Tennessee), Soil gases.
PB90-103805/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Mechanisms of Nitrous Oxide Formation In Coal
Flames. Journal article.
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
J. C. Kramlich, J. A. Cole, J. M. McCarthy, and W. S
Lanier. C1989,12p EP A/600/J-89/079
Contract EPA-68-02-4247
Pub. in Combustion and Flame, v77 n3-4 D375-384
Sep 89. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lab.
The paper gives results of a study which investigated
an unknown mechanism by which N20 is formed in
coal flames, using both detailed kinetic modeling and
plug-flow simulator experiments. The mechanism has
considerable importance in determining the influence
of common and advanced NOx control strategies on
N20. Significant N20 emissions have been observed
from coal and oil burning power plants but not from in-
dustrial gas flames, even when they are doped with an
equivalent amount of fuel nitrogen. Kinetic modeling
suggests that net N20 is unlikely to form within flame
zones because of its rapid removal by: N20 + H yields
N2 + OH. Also, reduction of NO on coal char, or coal
char oxidation, can be significant N20 sources only if
the rates are many times their published values. How-
ever, both kinetic modeling and experiments show
that, if HCN appears in the gas phase between 1150
and 1500 K, it will be partially converted to N20. The
source of HCN may be either direct devolatillzation or
a char gasification reaction. This suggests that the
N20 which appears in coal flames may originate from
the homogeneous reaction of devolatilized char nitro-
Sen in the fuel-lean post-flame region. The kinetics in-
icate that the formation is principally through thn re-
action: NCO + NO yields N20 + CO.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Nitroaen
oxide(N20), "Flames, "Reaction kinetics, "Mathemati-
cal models, Experimental design, Combustion prod-
ucts, Coal, Carbon monoxide, Electric power plants"
Reprints, 'Chemical reaction mechanisms, Homoa*
neous reactions, Stationary sources.
PB90-104498/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Laboratory Study of the Leaching of Lead tram
Water Faucets. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati rtu
Drinking Water Research Div.	'
M. C. Gardels, and T.J. Sorg. cJul 89,16p EPA/Bon/1
89/086	ow/J-
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association Dim
114 Jul 89.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
A test pilot system was constructed to evaluate lead
leaching from 12 different kitchen faucets. A storage
tank, pressure pump, and manifold system was operat-
ed to simulate, as closely as possible, the use of the
faucets in a household plumbing system. Leaching of
lead from the faucets was determined for detention
times ranging from 30 minutes up to 34 days using dis-
tilled water, a very aggressive water, and Cincinnati tap
water, a nonaggressive water. Various sampling pro-
cedures were used to evaluate the impact of sample
size and to determine the flushing volume needed to
remove most of the lead from a faucet. The highest
lead levels were found in the first 125 mL samples
from the faucets made from cast brass and exposed to
the aggressive distilled water. Subsequent samples
had lower levels with background levels achieved after
flushing with about 500 mL to liter of water. Lead levels
are dependent on detention time, but the most signifi-
cant increase occurs during the first few hours of water
contact.
Keywords: 'Water quality, *Lead(Metal), 'Leaching,
'Potable water, 'Faucets, Brasses, Plumbing, Distilled
water, Graphs(Charts), Reprints.
PB90-104506/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Temperature Dependence of Mau Accommoda-
tion of S02 and H202 on Aqueous Surtacea. Jour-
nal article.
Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA.
D. R. Worsnop, M. S. Zahniser, C. E. Kolb, J. A.
Gardner, and L. R. Watson. C1989,16p EPA/600/J-
89/077
Pub. in Jnl. of Physical Chemistry, v93 p1159-1172
1989. See also PB89-155758. Prepared in cooperation
with Boston Coll., Chestnut Hill, MA. Dept. of Chemis-
try. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research
and Exposure Assessment Lab.
The mass accommodation coefficients of S02 and
H202 on aqueous surfaces over the temperature
range 260-292 K are reported. The experimental
method used combined a monodisperse train of drop-
lets and a low pressure flow reactor. Uptake rates
were determined by measuring changes in trace gas
number density as a function of exposed liquid surface
area. Results for S02 showed an accommodation co-
efficient of 0.11 + or - 0.02 with no significant temper-
ature variation. H202 showed a strong temperature
dependence with an accommodation coefficient of
0.18 + or - 0.02. On a practical level the mass accom-
modation process can be the rate-limiting step in het-
erogeneous mass transfer in clouds or above oceans.
S02 and H202 are of interest because of their role in
acid rain formation. Modeling studies indicate aqueous
oxidation of S02 to S04(2-) occurs in cloud droplets,
with H202 implicated as the primary oxidant. Knowl-
edge of gas/liquid mass-transfer rates for these spe-
cies is critical to modeling of the heterogeneous cloud
process. (Copyright (c) 1989 American Chemical Soci-
ety.)
Keywords: 'Hydrogen peroxide, 'Sulfur dioxide,
'Temperature coefficient, 'Water pollution, 'Air water
interactions, 'Mass transfer, 'Surface properties, Air
pollution, CloudslMeteorology), Drops(Liquids), Exper-
imental design, Gas flow, Reprints, 'Acid rain, Tracer
studies, Heterogeneous reactions.
PB90-104614/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Stationary Combustion NOx Control: A Summary
of ttM 1989 Symposium. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
D. Eskinazi, J. E. Cichanowicz, W. P. Linak, and R. E.
Hall. C1989,11 p EPA/600/ J-89/080
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v39
n8 p1131-1139 Aug 89. See also PB89-220529. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Electric Power Research
Inst., Palo Alto, CA.
The article summarizes information presented at the
1989 Joint EPA/EPRI Symposium on Stationary Com-
bustion NOx Control, March 6-9,1989, in San Francis-
co. The symposium was attended by more than 400
representatives of 40 domestic and 10 foreign utilities,
government agencies, research and development or-
ganizations, and boiler manufacturers from the U.S.
and 14 other nations. More than 60 presentations fo-
cused on developments in combustion NOx technol-
ogies, selective catalytic reduction (SCR), advanced
combustion technologies, hazardous and municipal
waste incineration, combined N0x/S02 control proc-
esses, and fundamental combustion research. Intro-
ductory reports covered the NOx regulatory status in
the U.S. and abroad, the U.S. DOE'S Innovative Clean
Coal Technology program, and NOx measurements
and environmental effects. Key points discussed in-
cluded the dramatic increase in full-scale retrofit dem-
onstrations of low-NOx combustion modifications on
pulverized-coal-fired boilers; full-scale operating expe-
rience in Japan and Western Europe with SCR, and re-
search and development to assess application in the
U.S.; and development of NOx controls for utility boil-
ers. (Copyright (c) 1988 Air & Waste Management As-
sociation.)
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Air pollution
control, 'Waste disposal, Sulfur dioxides, Combustion,
Revisions, Performance evaluation, Industrial wastes,
Boilers, Catalysts, 'Stationary sources, Municipal
wastes, Incineration, Technology utilization, Air pollu-
tion sampling.
PB90-104597/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Water Resources Data for Puerto Rico and the
U.S. Virgin Islands, Water Year 1987. Water-data
rept. (Annual) 1 Oct. 86-30 Sep B7.
Geological Survey, San Juan, PR. Water Resources
Div.
R. E. Curtis. Z. Aquino, R. J. Vachier, and P. L. Diaz.
May 89,356p USGS/WDR/PR-87/1, USGS/WRD/
HD-89/266
See also PB89-113161. Prepared in cooperation with
Puerto Rico Dept. of Natural Resources, San Juan.
Water-resources data for surface-water, quality-of-
water, and ground-water records for the 1987 water
year for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, con-
sists of records of discharge, water quality of streams,
and water levels of wells. The report contains dis-
charge records for 49 streamflow-gaging stations, and
1 crest-stage, partial-record streamflow stations; water
quality records for 16 streamflow-gaging stations, 42
ungaged streamsites, 11 lake sites, 1 lagoon, and 1
bay; and water-level records for 56 observation wells.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Puerto
Rico, 'Virgin Islands, Water pollution, Stream flow,
Flow rate, Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water table,
Temperature, Tables(Data), 'Water quality data, Hy-
drologic data, Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB90-104746/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Municipal Waste Combustion Ash and Leachate
Characterization Monoflll Baseline Year. Wood-
bum Monofill, Woodbum, Oregon. Final rept.
NUS Corp., Gaithersburg, MD.
D. Sterling. Aug 89,79p EPA/530/SW-89/074
Contract EPA-68-01-7310
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Office of Solid Waste requested the assistance of the
Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory in the sam-
pling and analysis of both liquids and solids from a rel-
atively young municipal solid waste combustion resi-
due monofill. The basis for the request is the legislated
requirement under Hazardous and Solid Waste
Amendments of 1984, dealing with Subtitle D improve-
ments. The Woodbum Monofill, located in Marion
County, OR, was selected as the suitable site to pro-
vide the needed long-term characterization data of lea-
chates generated from the monofill, of the ashes aging
in the monofill, and of the surrounding soils affected by
airborne dust from the ash monofill. The report is the
first in a series to be generated from the research
effort. It provides base-line data from the first two trips
conducted during 1988, the base-line year of the
project.
Keywords: 'Ashes, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys
'Hazardous materials, 'Earth fills, Sampling, Air pollu-
tion, Leaching, Water pollution, Organic compounds,
Metals, Particle size distribution, Graphs(Charts),
Tables(Data), Grain size, 'Municipal wastes, 'Environ-
mental transport, 'Land pollution,
'Woodburn(Oregon), 'Baseline studies, Incineration.
Dioxins.
PB90-104795/HSU	PC A16/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4);
Brown Wood Preserving Site, Live Oak, Florida
(First Remedial Action) August 1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
8 Apr 88, 366p EPA/ROD/R04-88/034
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Brown Wood Preserving site is located west of the
City of Live Oak, Suwanee County, Florida. The site
contains a former wood preserving plant facility, which
pressure treated timber products with creosote and
some pentachlorophenol (PCP) for thirty years be-
tween 1948 and 1978. Sludge and contaminated soils
have been identified in the immediate vicinity of the
plant site and an upgradient lagoon. This three-acre
lagoon drains approximately 74 acres and contains
water provided above approximately 3,000 cu yd of
creosote sludge and contaminated soil. In addition,
small amounts of solidified creosote and PCP are con-
tained in onsite storage tanks and retorts. The primary
contaminants of concern affecting the soil, sediments,
sludge, and waste water are creosote constituents in-
cluding PAHs. The selected remedial action for the site
includes: removal and treatment, if necessary, of
lagoon water; excavation, treatment, and offsite dis-
posal of approximately 1,500 tons of the most severely
contaminated soil and sludge; onsite biodegradation of
approximately 10,000 tons of the remaining soils in a
14-acre treatment area constructed with a liner and an
internal drainage and spray irrigation system; covering
of the treatment area with clean fill after bioremedia-
tion; and ground water monitoring.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
Wood preservatives, Water pollution, Sludge, Sedi-
ments, Surface waters, Creosote, 'Superfund pro-
gram, 'Remedial action, 'Environmental research,
'Live Oak(Florida), Pentachlorophenol, Polyaromatic
hydrocarbons, Soil contamination.
PB9O-106196/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Chronic Toxicity of Ammonia to Rainbow Trout
Journal article.
Montana State Univ., Bozeman. Fisheries Bioassay
Lab.
R. V. Thurston, R. C. Russo, E. L. Meyn, R. J. Luedtke,
and C. E. Smith. c1984,13p EPA/600/J-84/425
Grants EPA-R-800861, EPA-R-803950
Pub. in Transactions of the American Fisheries Society
113, p56-731984. Sponsored in part by Grant EPA-R-
807240. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-
Duluth, MN.
The chronic effects of ammonia to rainbow trout
Salmo gairdneri were studied in a laboratory test con-
ducted over a 5-year period. Fish were rested at five
concentrations over the range 0.01-0.07 mg/liter un-
ionized ammonia: the mean pH of the test water was
7.7, and the mean temperature was 9.3 C. Parental
fish were exposed for 11 months, the first filial genera-
tion (F1) for 4 years, and the second filial generation
(F2) for 5 months. The parental fish spawned of their
own volition at all ammonia concentrations tested;
baskets containing crushed rock served as the spawn-
ing substrate. The F1 fish did not spawn voluntarily at
either 3 or 4 years of age, although manual spawning
of 4-year-old F1 fish produced viable eggs. There was
no significant correlation between ammonia concen-
tration and numbers of egg lots spawned, total num-
bers of eggs produced, numbers of viable eggs,
growth of progeny, or mortality of parents or progeny in
any of the generations tested. Blood ammonia con-
centrations were measured in F1 fish, and proved to
be positively correlated with ammonia concentrations
in the rest water. Histopathological lesions were
common in parental and F1 fish at un-ionized ammonia
concentrations of 0.04 mg/liter and higher, in F2 fish,
which incurred a severe protozoan infection (Costa
sp.), lesions were common at 0.02 mg/liter and higher.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Ammonia, 'Trout, Blood chemi-
cal analysis, Water analysis, Tables(Data), Mortality,
Pathology, Reproduction(Biology), Liver, Reprints,
'Water pollution effects(Animals), Solmo gairdneri,
Gills, Dose response relationships.
PB90-106204/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA. Office of
Research and Development.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Lake Resource* at Risk to Acidic Deposition In
the Eastern United States. Journal article.
Iowa Univ., Iowa City. Dept. of Civil and Environmental
Engineering.
J. L. Schnoor, S. Lee, N. Nikolaidis, and D. R. Nair.
c1986,12p EPA/600/J-86/510
Grant EPA-R-811257
Pub. in Water Air and Soil Pollution, v31 p1091 -1101
1986. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.,
Athens, GA. Office of Research and Development.
Watershed descriptors have been obtained or com-
piled for 1439 watersheds in the northeastern and
upper midwestern United States. A methodology,
which combines multiple linear regression procedures
with a simple deterministic model for alkalinity shows
promise as a tool for acid precipitation assessments.
Mean absolute errors in predicted lake alkalinity con-
centrations of approximately + or - 100 microeq/L
were obtained with no significant difference (at the
0.05 significance level) between predicted and ob-
served alkalinity histograms. Estimates of the lake re-
source8-at-risk across the depositional gradient from
Minnesota to the Adirondack Pack of New York were
established. (Copyright (c) 1986 by D. Reidel Publish-
ing Company.)
Keywords: 'Lakes, 'Acidification, 'Watersheds, 'Air
water interactions, 'Mathematical models, Air pollu-
tion, Linear regression, Environmental surveys, Statis-
tical analysis, Alkalinity, Concentration(Composition),
Reprints, 'Eastern Region(United States), Risk as-
sessment, 'Acid rain, 'Water pollution sampling.
PB90-106212/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Microbial Recycling of Phytoplankton Phospho-
rus. Journal article.
Clarkson Univ., Potsdam, NY. Dept. of Civil and Envi-
ronmental Engineering.
J. V. De Pinto, T. C. Young, J. S. Bonner, and P. W.
Rodgers. C1986,8p EPA/600/J-86/509
Grant EPA-R-807155
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Fish and Aquatic Science, v43
P336-342, 1986. Prepared in cooperation with State
Univ. of New York Coil, at Pittsburgh. Center for Earth
and Environmental Science, and Limno-Tech, Inc.,
Ann Arbor, Ml. Sponsored by Environmental Research
Lab.-Duluth, MN.
The remineralization of phytoplankton-bound phos-
phorus subsequent to nonpredatory phytoplankton
mortality represents a significant source of algal-avail-
able phosphorous in many lakes. A unique experimen-
tal apparatus (A Dual Culture Diffusion apparatus) was
used to measure the rate and extent of the process
and to elucidate some of the governing factors. It was
demonstrated that the process is strongly influenced
by heterotrophic decomposer activity, because phos-
phorus regeneration rates were less than 0.01/d for
cultures not inoculated with a decomposer community,
while they were two to five times higher for decom-
poser-inoculated cultures. In addition to the character
and activity of the microbial decomposer community,
the phytoplankton cell phosphorus content was shown
to be a significant factor in the rate of phosphorus re-
generation for a given cell decay rate. Cell phosphorus
above the minimum cell quota appeared to be re-
teased in an available form quite rapidly upon algal
death and lysis.
Keywords: 'Lakes, 'Phytoplankton, 'Phosphorous,
Biodeterioration, Algae, Chlorella, 'Foreign technolo-
gy, Mineral cycling, Scenedesmus, Microcystis, Cell
death, Biological availability.
PB90-106220/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Bench and Pilot Scale Process Evaluation of Re-
burning for In-Furnace NOx Reduction. Journal ar-
ticle Oct. 84-Oct 85.
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
S L. Chen, J. M. McCarthy, W. D. Clark, M. P. Heap,
and W. R. Seeker. C1986,13p EPA/600/J-86/507
Contract EPA-68-02-3925
Pub. in International Symposium on Combustion,
(21st), The Combustion Institute, pi 159-1169, 1986.
Snonsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper describes a combined experimental and
theoretical study, undertaken to quantify the impact of
1392 Vol. 90, No. 24
fuel and process parameters on reburning effective-
ness and provide the scaling information required for
commercial application of reburning under highly
varied industrial conditions. Study results confirm the
potential of reburning for significant NOx reductions,
but also demonstrate that a constant reburning effec-
tiveness cannot be assumed under all conditions. The
NOx reduction possible through reburning depends
primarily on: the NO concentration at the end of the
primary zone; the stoichiometry, temperature, and resi-
dence time in the fuel-rich reburning zone; the mixing
and stoichiometry of the reburning fuel jet; and the
temperature in the final burnout zone.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides, 'In-
dustrial wastes, 'Afterburning, 'Furnaces, Pilot plants,
Experimental design, Numerical analysis, Performance
evaluation, Bench-scale experiments.
PB90-106238/I1SU	PC A02/MF A01
Synthesis and Identification of Highly Toxic Poly-
brominated Biphenyls in the Fire Retardant Fire-
Master BP-6. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
L. W. Robertson, S. H. Safe, A. Parkinson, E. Pelizzari,
and C. Pochini. c1984,8p EPA/600/J-84-426
Pub. in Jnl. of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v32,
p1107-1111, 1984. Prepared in cooperation with
Texas A and M Univ., College Station, ROCOM, Mont-
clair, NJ., and Research Triangle Inst., Research Trian-
gle Park, NC.
The accidental substitution of fireMaster, a commer-
cial polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) flame retardant, for
nutriMaster, a magnesium oxide cattle feed supple-
ment, resulted in a major pollution disaster that was
primarily confined to the State of Michigan. The initial
contamination of cattle and related agricultural prod-
ucts ultimately resulted in the widespread contamina-
tion of the food chain within the state. The identity of
over 91% of the polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) com-
ponents present in fireMaster BP-6 was determined by
capillary gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass
spectrometry (MS) with 22 individual PBB congeners
as reference standards. There was an excellent corre-
lation between the observed retention times of the in-
dividual PBBs (and of the corresponding GC peaks in
fireMaster) and the expected retention times calculat-
ed from the degree of bromination and substltuent ori-
entation for the PBB standards. Previous studies indi-
cate that the more toxic PBBs are also inducers of rat
hepatic microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylas
(AHH). The paper reports that GC and HV-MS identifi-
cation of seven additional PBBs in fireMaster that also
induce aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylas. Included in the
group of seven potentially toxic PBBs are the coplanar
3,3', 4',4'-tetra-,3,3-,3,3-,5-penta-, and 3,3-,4,4-,5,5'-
hexabromobiphenyls, which represent the most toxic
group of PBB congeners identified in fireMaster.
(Copyright (c) 1984 American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Fire resistant materials, 'Toxicity, Mass
spectroscopy, Synthesis(Chemistry), Reprints, 'Poly-
brominated biphenyls, Gas chromatography.
PB90-106246/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Influence of Atomization Quality on the Destruc-
tion of Hazardous Waste Compounds. Journal arti-
cle.
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
J. C. Kramlich, W. R. Seeker, and G. S. Samuelsen.
C1986,10p EPA/600/J-86/506
Contract EPA-68-02-3633
Pub. in International Symposium on Combustion
(21st), The Combustion Institute, p593-599, 1986. Pre-
pared in cooperation with California Univ., Irvine. Dept.
of Mechanical Engineering. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper gives results of a study of the correlation
between atomization quality and the destruction effi-
ciency of hazardous organic compounds in a turbulent
spray flame. The atomization quality was varied by
changing spray nozzle parameters and by inducing dis-
ruptive droplet combustion (secondary atomization) in
the flame. The primary atomization quality was charac-
terized by laser diagnostic size distribution measure-
ments. The secondary atomization quality was deter-
mined from observations of disruptive atomization in-
tensity on a train of monodisperse droplets, in a high-
temperature laminar reactor. The disruptive droplet
combustion results showed that hazardous waste
compounds can induce secondary atomization. Test-
ing of benzal chloride (which did not cause disruptive
combustion in No. 2 fuel oil) and isopropanol (which
caused violent disruption) in the turbulent flame reac-
tor showed that the occurrence of disruptive combus-
tion correlated with increased target compound de-
struction efficiency and reduced combustion interme-
diate emissions. Study results that the presence of
certain compounds or additives in waste streams may
assist in obtaining improved performance when pri-
mary atomization is poor, as it is for slurry or sludge
waste streams.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Organic com-
pounds, 'Atomizing, 'Combustion efficiency, 'Waste
disposal, Performance evaluation, Design criteria, Af-
terburning, Additives, Particle size distribution, 'Flame
chamber process, Incineration.
PB90-106253/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Assessment of Primary vs. Secondary Toxicity of
Aroclor (Trade Name) 1254 to Mink. Journal article.
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of Animal
Science.
R. J. Aulerich, R. K. Ringer, and J. Safronoff. C1986,9p
EPA/600/J-86/505
Grant EPA-R-810785
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v15 p393-399, 1986. Sponsored by Cor-
vallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Dietary tests were conducted, using mink as a surro-
gate mammalian wildlife carnivore, to develop and
evaluate procedures for the assessment of primary vs
secondary toxicity of potentially hazardous chemicals
to mammalian carnivores. Test methods included
comparison of mortality, body weight change, feed
consumption and calculated LC50 values in mink fed
diets that contained polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
i.e., Aroclor 1254 (primary toxicity) with mink fed diets
that contained the same concentrations of the metab-
olized xenobiotic (secondary toxicity). Mean feed con-
sumption and body weight gains were lower for the
mink fed the metabolized Aroclor 1254 (secondary tox-
icity) than for mink that received the same concentra-
tions of Aroclor 1254. The test yielded 28- and 35-day
LC50 values of 79.0 and 48.5 ppm (mg/kg) for the pri-
mary toxicity test and 47.0 and 31.5 ppm (mg/kg) for
the secondary toxicity test, respectively. The results in-
dicated that mink were a suitable carnivorous species
for secondary toxicity testing. (Copyright (c) 1986
Springer-Verlag.)
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Animal physiology
Concentration(Compounds) Carnivora, Feeding stuns!
Feeding habits, Biomedical measurement, Compari-
son, Test methods, Michigan, Body weight, Mortality
Reprints, 'Aroclor, 'Polychlorobiphenyl compounds'
Animal models, Xenobiotics, Mink, Mustela vison. '
PB90-106261/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Structure of Methanogen Genes. Journal article.
Ohio State Univ., Columbus.
J. N. Reeve, P. T. Hamilton, G. S. Beckler, C. J. Morris
and C. H. Clarke. c1986,10p EPA/600/J-86/504 '
Grant EPA-R-810340, Contract DE-AC02-81ER10945
Pub. in Systematic and Applied Microbiology 7, pS-12
1986. Prepared in cooperation with University of East
Anglia, Norwich (England). School of Biological Sci-
ences. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering
Lab., Department of Energy, Washington, DC., ana
Gas Research Inst., Chicago, IL.
An analysis of the structure and presumed regulatory
signals in sequenced methanogen genes is presented
The evidence for polycistronic transcriptional unite is
extended by inclusion of a DNA sequence, cloned
from Methanobrevibacter smithii, which precedes the
M. smithii proC gene. Comparison of DNA sequences
indicates that a consensus core ribosome binding se-
quence for methanogens would be 5' AGGTGAand
that many of the ribosome binding sequences are in
fact, longer than the core sequence containing 7
bases with the potential to hybridize to 16SrRNA The
majority, but not all, of the sequenced methanoaen
genes conform to the rule in which RNY codonsfR
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
most frequently in the translated reading frame. Codon
usages by different methanogens reflect the need to
accommodate genomes witn very different overall
%mol G+G contents. Codons such as AUA, AGA,
and AGG, rarely used by E. coli are frequently used by
methanogens. The dinucleotide, CG, which occurs
very infrequently in eucaryotic DNAs is also rarely
found in methanogen genes.
Keywords: Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces,
Tables(Data), Reprints, 'Bacterial genes, "Archaebac-
teria, 'Base sequence, Codon, Genetic transcription,
Nucleic acid hybridization, Nucleic acid repetitive se-
quence, Molecular cloning.
PB90-106279/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Gene Structure In Methanogenic Bacteria. Journal
article.
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept. of Microbiology.
J. N. Reeve. c1987,10p EPA/600/J-87/495
Grant EPA-R-810340, Contract DE-AC02-81ER10945
Pub. in Poultry Science 66, p927-933 1987. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Risk Reduction Engineering Lab., and Department of
Energy, Washington, DC.
Methane-producing microorganisms (methanogens)
catalyze the terminal reactions in the anaerobic diges-
tion of biomass. This is a well-established biotechnolo-
glcal process used for both waste treatment and the
production of the renewal energy source methane. Al-
though methanogens are procaryotes they are not
closely related to well-known eubacterial species,
commonly termed bacteria, but are members of the
third biological kingdom, the Archaebacteria. The
paper presents a brief review of the information cur-
rently available documenting the structure of genes in
methanogens. A comparison of gene structure in eu-
bacteria, eucaryotes and methanogens is given. Evi-
dence is presented indicating that polypeptide-encod-
ing genes in methanogens are organized into operons
and that translation is coordinated, as in eubacteria, by
messenger ribonucleic acid:16S ribosomal ribonucleic
acid hybridization. Methanogen-derived genes are ex-
pressed when cloned in Escherichia coli, which should
allow routine genetic engineering procedures to be
used to dissect and manipulate the bioprocess of
methanogenesis.
Keywords: 'Deoxyribonucleic acids, Biomass, Escheri-
chia coli, Bacillus subtilis, 'Bacterial genes, 'Archae-
bacteria, Genetic translation, Molecular cloning, Base
sequence, Nucleic acid hybridization.
PB90-106287/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Structure and Expression of the Qanes,
mcrBDCQA, which Encode the Subunlte of Com-
ponent C of Methyl Coenzyme M Reductase In
¦Methanococcus vannlelll'. Journal article.
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept. of Microbiology.
J. N. Reeve, D. S. Cram, B. A. Snerf, R. T. Libby, and J.
Mattaliano. c1987,8p EPA/600/J-87/494
Grant EPA-R-812774
Pub. in Proceedings of National Academy of Science
USA, v84 p3992-3996 1987. Prepared in cooperation
with Biogen Research Corp., Cambridge, MA. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati,
OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The genes that encode the alpha, beta, and gamma
subunits of component C of methyl coenzyme M re-
ductase (mcrA, mcrB, and mcrG) in Methanococcus
vannielii have been cloned and sequenced, and their
expression in Escherichia coli has been demonstrated.
These genes are organized into a five-gene cluster,
mcrBDCGA, which contains two genes, designated
mcrC and mcrD, with unknown functions. The mcr
genes are separated by very short intergenic regions
that contain multiple translation stop codons and
strong ribosome binding sequences. Although the
genome of M. vannielii Is 69 mol % A+T, there is a
very strong preference In the mcrA, mcrB, and mcrG
cnnes for the codon with a C In the wobble position in
the codon pairs AA(C/U) UU(C/U) (phenylalanine),
and UA(C/U) (tyrosine). The mcrC and mcrD genes do
not show this codon preference and frequently have U
or A in the wobble position. As the codon pairs listed
above are likely to be translated by the same tRNA
with a G in the first anticodon position, the presence of
C in the wobble position might ensure maximum effi-
ciency of translation of transcripts of these very highly
expressed genes.
Keywords: Deoxyribonucleic acids, Peptides, Reprints,
'Methanococcus vannielii, 'Archaebacteria, 'Bacte-
rial genes, 'Methyl coenzyme M reductase, Gene ex-
pression regulation, Codon, Genetic translation, Base
sequence, Amino acid sequence, Molecular cloning.
PB90-106295/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Intrinsic Dimensionality of Chemical Structure
Space. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
G. D. Veith, B. Greenwood, R. S. Hunter, G. J. Niemi,
and R. R. Regal. c1988,17p EPA/600/J-88/427
Pub. in Chemosphere, v17 n8 p1617-1630 1988. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Computer Sciences Corp.,
Falls Church, VA„ Montana State Univ., Bozeman, and
Minnesota Univ.-Duluth.
The paper is an attempt to define chemical structure
space for a large universe of chemicals. The dimen-
sionality and scaling of chemical structure space has
been sought using thermodynamic properties and the
biological activity of molecules. A set of 19,972 chemi-
cals from registnes of chemical production was select-
ed, for which graph theoretic indices have been com-
puted. The dimensionality of the data set was reduced
to a set of 8 principal components. Computer pro-
grams for minicomputers were developed to display
the 'universe' of chemical structures through user-se-
lected windows.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, Structural analysis,
Microstructure, Dimensional analysis, Chemical engi-
neering, Personnel computers, Computer systems,
Reprints.
PB90-106303/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Ozone and Water Stress, Separately
and In Combination, on Soybean Yield. Journal arti-
cle.
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
J. E. Miller, A. S. Heagle, S. F. Vozzo, R. B. Philbeck,
and W. H. Heck. c1989,10p EPA/600/J-89/118
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality, v18 p330-336
1989. Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Ag-
ricultural Research Service, Raleigh. Sponsored by
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A primary concern in applying existing 03-effects data
on crop production is the relatively unknown influence
of soil moisture which may modify plant response to
03. One of the deficiencies in performing field experi-
ments to test the influence of soil moisture on crop re-
sponse to 03 has been the lack of control of soil mois-
ture conditions in open-top chamber plots. In 1986 a
field experiment was performed with soybean to test
the influence of moderate water stress on the yield re-
sponse to 03. Open-top field chambers were used to
expose plants to a range of 03 concentrations, and
rain exclusion caps were used on individual chambers
to help regulate soil moisture levels. There were three
soil moisture treatments (well-watered (WW), water-
stressed (WS), and well-watered with permanent rain
exclusion caps that were in place from 35 days after
planting until physiological maturity (WW-C)). In the
WW and WS treatments, the rain caps were put in
place only during an exceptionally wet period from
mid-August to mid-September. The WW and WW-C
treatments had approximately the same yield and a
similar response to 03, indicating that the presence of
the caps for most of the growing season had little
effect on growth or sensitivity to 03. The WS plots
yielded 15 to 18% less that the WW and WW-C plots,
but water stress did not change the relative response
to 03 (i.e., no significant 03 x water interaction).
Based on a Weibull dose-response model, 03 reduced
the yield of 'Young' soybean 13% at a concentration of
0.05 microL/L (12 h/d seasonal mean) compared to a
hypothetical background of 0.02 microL/L.
Keywords: 'Soybean plants, 'Ozone, 'Soil water,
'Droughts, Statistical analysis, Plant growth, Test
methods, Field testing, Graphs(Charts), Yield, Re-
prints, 'Air pollution effects(Plants).
PB90-106311/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effect of Sediment Organic Carbon on Survival of
'Hyalalla asteca' Exposed to ODT and Endrin.
Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A. V. Nebeker, G. S. Schuytema, W. L. Griffis, J. A.
Barbitta, and L. A. Casey. C1989,16p EPA/600/J-89/
117
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v8
p705-718 1989. Prepared in cooperation with Battelle
Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
Sediment toxicity tests were conducted with the fresh-
water amphipod Hyaiella azteca using sediments rang-
ing in total organic carbon (TOC) concentration from 3
to 11 % and spiked with either DDT or endrin. While the
toxicity in the DDT-spiked sediment decreased with in-
creasing TOC content, the TOC content of the endrin-
spiked sediment had little apparent effect on toxicity.
The 10-d sediment dry-weight LC50 for DDT was 11.0
microg/g at 3.0% TOC and 49.7 microg/g at 10.5%
TOC. The sediment dry weight LC50s for endrin at 3.0
and 11.2% TOC were 4.4 and 6.0 microg/L, respec-
tively. The results are important in evaluating the
carbon normalization theory, which assumes that the
availability of nonpolar organic compounds is reduced
in the presence of higher concentrations of TOC. The
differences in adsorption and toxicity between DDT
and endrin are presumably related to the smaller
carbon (and octanol/water partition coefficients of
endrin.
Keywords: *DDT, 'Toxicity, 'Residual soils, 'Endrin,
Insecticides, Carbon compounds, Exposure, Adsorp-
tion, Water quality, Graphs(Charts), Reprints, 'Hyaiella
azteca.
PB90-106329/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Blowout of Turbulent Diffusion Flames. Journal ar-
ticle.
TRW Space and Technology Group, Redondo Beach,
CA. Engineering Sciences Lab.
J. E. Broadwell, W. J. A. Dahm, and M. G. Mungal.
C1984,10p EPA/600/J-84/424
Contract EPA-68-02-3633
Pub. in Symposium (International) on Combustion
(20th), p303-310 1984. Prepared in cooperation with
California Inst, of Tech., Pasadena. Sponsored by En-
vironmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The article describes a model of the mechanisms gov-
erning the stability of turbulent diffusion flames, it is
based on the nature of the large scale motions that
have been observed in turbulent jets and includes a
process for maintaining a stable flame. An analysis,
based on the proposed model, leads to a single pa-
rameter which determines the blowout velocity of pure
fuels and fuels diluted with air and C02. The parameter
is the ratio of two times: a characteristic chemical reac-
tion time and a time associated with the mixing of reen-
trained hot products into fresh reactants. The agree-
ment with a set of experimental observations forooth
pure and diluted gases is good.
Keywords: 'Diffusion flames, 'Turbulent diffusion,
'Blowouts, Stability, Turbulence, Air pollution, Mathe-
matical models, Combustion, Chemical reactions, Re-
prints.
PB9O-106337/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA. Office of
Research and Development.
Constancy of Sediment; Water Partition Coeffi-
cients of Hydrophobic Organic Pollutants. Journal
article.
Massachusetts Inst, of Tech., Cambridge. Ralph M.
Parsons Lab.
P. M. Gschwend, and S. C. Wu. C1985,9p EPA/600/J-
85/550
Grant EPA-R-810472
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v19
n1 p90-96 Jan 85. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab., Athens, GA, Office of Research and De-
velopment.
If precautions are taken to eliminate or aocount for
nonsettling (or nonfilterable) microparticles or organic
macromolecules that remain in the aqueous pnase
during laboratory sorption tests, the observed partition
coefficients (Kp or Koc) for a group of model hydro-
phobic organic compounds (PCBs) are found to
remain constant over a wide range of solkMo-solution
ratios. Further, the partition coefficients for either sorp-
tive uptake or desorptive release are indistinguishable
and confirm the reversible nature of hydrophobic sorp-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tion. It is proposed that descriptions of the 'speciation'
of hydrophobic compounds in natural waters should in-
clude not only dissolved and sorbed-to-sediment frac-
tions but also a component sorted to nonsettling mi-
croparticles or organic macromolecules.
Keywords: 'Dissolved organic matter, "Sediments,
"Water pollution, Desorption, Surface waters,
Graphs(Charts), Sorption, Gas chromatography, *Pol-
ychlorinated biphenyls, "Particle resuspension, Parti-
tion coefficient.
PB90-106345/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Computer Analysis of Toxlcological Data Bases:
Mutagenicity of Aromatic Amines In 'Salmonella'
Tester Strains. Journal article.
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH. School
of Medicine.
G. Klopman, M. R. Frierson, and H. S. Rosenkranz.
C1985, 22p EPA/600/J-85/549
Grant EPA-R-812264
Pub. in Environmental Mutagenesis 7, p625-644 1985.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
There is an increasing problem in the world of toxico-
logical evaluation in that, while test results of new com-
pounds are appearing regularly, traditional methods of
analysis of such data are cumbersome and slow. The
new computer program CASE (computer automated
structure evaluator) was designed to handle just such
problems. It analyzes molecules and their associated
biological activity on the basis of structural fragments
found and identified by the program as being important
for the activity based on statistical tests of signifi-
cance. The program was used to examine mutagenic-
ity in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100
(with S9 activation) of approximately 80-100 aromatic
amines. The resulting structural features were then
used in a predictive fashion to test the expected muta-
genic properties of a smaller set of about 20 com-
pounds. (Copyright 1985 Alan R. Liss, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Salmonella typhimurium,
Amines, Tables(Data), Predictions, Reprints, 'Data
bases, 'Toxic substances, 'Mutagenicity tests, Struc-
ture-activity relationship, Computer automated struc-
ture evaluation(CASE), Expert systems.
PB90-106352/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Polyadenylated, Noncapped RNA from the Ar-
chaebacterium 'Methanococcus vannielll'. Journal
article.
Ohio State Univ., Columbus.
J. W. Brown, and J. N. Reeve. C1985,12p EPA/600/J-
85/547
Grant EPA-R-810340, Contract DE-AC02-81ER10945
Pub. in Jnl. of Bacteriology, V162 n3 p909-917 Jun 85.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab., Depart-
ment of Energy, Washington, DC., ana National Inst,
on Aging, Bethesda. MD.
Polyadenylated (poly(A)+) RNA molecules have been
isolated from Methanococcus vannielii. Approximately
16% of the label in RNA isolated from cultures allowed
to incorporate (3)Huridine for 3 min at 37C was
poly(A)+ RNA. Electrophoretic separation of
poly(A)+ RNA molecules showed a heterogeneous
population with mobilities indicative of sizes ranging
from 900 to 3,000 bases in length. Polyadenylate
(poly(A)) tracts were isolated by digestion with RNase
A and RNase T1 after 3' end labeling of the poly(A) +
RNA with RNA lipase. The radioactively labeled
poly(A) oligonucleotides were shown by electrophore-
sis through DNA sequencing gels to average 10 bases
in length, with major components of 5, 9,10, 11, and
12 bases. Poly(A)+ RNA molecules from M. vannielii
were labeled at their 5' termini with T4 polynucleotide
kinase after dephosphorylation with calf intestine alka-
line phosphatase. Pretreatment of the RNA molecules
with tobacco acid pyrophosphatase did not increase
the amount of phosphate incorporated into poly(A)+
RNA molecules by polynucleotide kinase, indicating
that the polv(A)+ molecules did not have modified
bases (caps) at their 5' termini. (Copyright (c) 1985,
American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: Liquid chromatography, Escherichia coli,
Reprints, "Archaebacteria, 'Methanococcus vannielii,
1394 Vol. 90, No. 24
"Bacterial RNA, 'Nucleic acid conformation, Poly A,
Agar gel electrophoresis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae,
RNA polymerases.
PB90-106360/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Sequence Divergence of an Archaebacterlal Gene
Cloned from a Mesophillc and a Thermophilic
Methanogen. Journal article.
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept. of Microbiology.
P. T. Hamilton, and J. N. Reeve. C1985,12p EPA/600/
J-85/546
Grant EPA-R-810340, Contract DE-AC02-81ER10945
Pub. in Jnl. of Molecular Evolution 22, p351-360 1985.
Sponsored in part by Contract GRI-5083-260-0895.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab., Depart-
ment of Energy, Washington, DC., Gas Research Inst.,
Chicago, IL., and National Inst, on Aging, Bethesda,
MD.
A 1.6-kb fragment of DNA from the thermophilic, meth-
ane-producing, anaerobic archaebacterium Methano-
bacterium thermoautotrophicum DeltaH has been
cloned and sequenced. The DNA complements muta-
tions in both the purE1 and purE2 loci of Escherichia
coli. The sequence of the M. thermoautotrophicum
DNA predicts that complementation in E. coli results
from the synthesis of a polypeptide with a molecular
weight of 36,249. A polypeptide apparently of this mo-
lecular weight is synthesized in E. coli minicells con-
taining recombinant plasmids that carry the cloned
fragment of methanogen DNA. A purE-complementinp
gene from the mesophilic methanogen Methanobrevi-
bacter smithii has been previously cloned and se-
quenced. The two methanogen-derived purE-comple-
menting genes are 53% homologous and encode po-
lypeptides that are 45% homologous in their amino
acid sequences but would be 74% homologus if con-
servative amino acid substitutions were considered as
maintaining sequence homology. The genome of M.
thermoautotrophicum has a molar G + C content of
49.7%, whereas the genome of M. smithii is 30.6% G
+ C. Conservation oT encoded amino acids while ac-
commodating the very different G + C contents is ac-
complished by use of different codons that encode the
same amino acid. (Copyright (c) Springer-Verlag
1985.)
Keywords: 'Deoxyribonucleic acids, Mutation, Escher-
ichia coli, Reprints, 'Archaebacteria, 'Bacterial genes,
'Nucleic acid sequence homology, Methanobacterium
thermoautotrophicum, Methanobrevibacter smithii,
Molecular cloning, Codon, Restriction mapping, Mo-
lecular sequence data.
PB90-106378/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Structure and Sequence Divergence of Two Ar-
chaebacterlal Genes. Journal article.
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Microbi-
ology.
D. Cue, G. S. Beckler, J. N. Reeve, and J. Konisky.
C1985,8p EPA/600/J-85/545
Grant EPA-R-812774, Contract DE-AC02-81ER10945
Pub. in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sci-
ence USA, v82 p4207-42i 1 Jun 85. Prepared in coop-
eration with Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab., Department of Energy,
Washington, DC., ana National Science Foundation,
Washington, DC.
The DNA sequences of a region that includes the hisA
gene of two related methanogenic archaebacteria.
Methanococcus voltae and Methanococcus vannielii,
have been compared. Both organisms show a similar
genome organization in this region, displaying three
open reading frames (ORFs) separated by regions of
very high A+T content. Two of the ORFs, including
ORFHisA, show significant DNA sequence homology.
As might be expected for organisms having a genome
that is A+T-rich, there is a high preference for A and U
as the third base in codons. Although the regions up-
stream of the structural genes contain prokaryotic-like
promoter sequences, it is not known whether they are
recognized as promoters in these archaebacterial
cells. A ribosome binding site, G-G-T-G, is located 6
base pairs preceding the ATG translation initiation se-
quence of both hisA genes. The sequences upstream
of the two hisA genes show only limited sequence ho-
mology. The M. voltae intergenlc region contains four
tandemly arranged repetitions of an 11-base-pair se-
quence, whereas the M. vanielii sequence contains
both direct and inverted repetition sequences.
Keywords: Deoxyribonucleic acids, Reprints, 'Bacte-
rial genes, 'Base sequence, 'Archaebacteria, 'Spe-
cies diversity, Methanococcus voltae, Methanococcus
vannielii, Genetic translation, Codon, Nucleic acid se-
quence homology, Genetic transcription.
PB90-106386/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duiuth, MN.
Algal-Available Particulate Phosphorus In the
Great Lakes Basin. Journal article.
Clarkson Univ., Potsdam, NY. Dept. of Civil and Envi-
ronmental Engineering.
T. C. Young, J. V. DePinto, S. C. Martin, and J. S.
Bonner. C1985,14p EPA/600/J-85/548
Grants EPA-R-807155, EPA-R-806817
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research 11, n4 p434-446
1985. See also PB83-131169. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
For the purpose of comparing the relative availability of
particulate phosphorus (P) from various sources to the
Great Lakes, algal-available P was determined on sus-
pended solids and bottom sediments from tributaries,
wastewater suspended solids, lake bottom sediments,
and eroding bluff solids from the region. Physicochem-
ical and bioassay methods were used to estimate the
rate and extent of available P release from particu-
lates. Considering all types of particulates examined,
ultimately available P ranged from nil to approximately
70% of total phosphorus (Total-P) content. During
algal bioassays, changes in levels of base-extractable
inorganic P (R-NaOH-P) in tributary suspended solids
were nearly equivalent to the amounts of P used by
algae during bioassays. For the tributary solids, ulti-
mately available P averaged approximately 90% of R-
NAOH-P. Consistent differences were found in
amounts of available P among particles from different
sources. Sources of particle-bound P ranked in order
of decreasing availability were: wastewater solids, lake
bottom sediments, tributary solids, and eroding bluff
solids. Differences in available P release rates also ex-
isted among the different types of particles.
Wastewater solids displayed the largest first-order re-
lease rates, eroding bluff samples and tributary-sus-
pended solid samples that were high in apatite showed
essentially no available P release, while other tributary
suspended solids displayed intermediate release
rates.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus, 'Great Lakes, 'Algae, 'Sur-
face waters, Suspended sediments, Bioassay, Quanti-
tative analysis, Calcium phosphates, Rocks, Chemical
analysis, Reprints, 'Eutrophication.
PB90-106394/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.	a
CASE (Computer Automated Structure Evalua-
tion) Study of In vitro Inhibition of Sparetelne
Monooxygenase. Journal article.
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH. Dept. of
Chemistry.
G. Klopman, and R. E. Venegas. C1986,21 p EPA/
600/J-86/513
Grant EPA-R-812264
Pub. in Jnl. of Acta Pharmaceutica (Yugoslavia) 36
p189-208 1986. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC., and Office
of Naval Research, Arlington, VA.
The Computer Automated Structure Evaluation pro-
gram (CASE) has been used to analyze the in vitro in-
hibition of sparteine monooxygenase. A significant cor-
relation between the Log10 P (1-octanol/water) of the
74 drugs studied and their inhibitory potency is ob-
served.
Keywords: 'Enzyme inhibitors, In vitro analysis.
Tables(Data), Reprints, 'Expert systems, 'Mixed func-
tion oxidases, 'Sparteine monooxygenase, Computer
automated structure evaluation(CASE), Structure-ac-
tivity relationship.
PB90-106402/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trlanala
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships of
Beta-Adrenerglc Agents. Application of the Com-
?uter Automated Structure Evaluation (CASE)
echnlque of Molecular Fragment Recognition.
Journal article.
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH. Dept. of
Chemistry.
G. Klopman, and A. N. Kalos. C1986,18p EPA/600/J-
86/512
Grant EPA-R-812264
Pub. in Jnl. of Theor. Biol. 118, p119-214 1986. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC., and National Institutes of Health, Be-
thesda, MO.
A quantitative structure-activity analysis of adenylate
cyclase-coupied beta-adrenergic receptor agonists
and antagonists in the frog erythrocyte membrane was
made. On the basis of molecular structural fragment
descriptors, automatically generated by the CASE
methodology, catecholamine derivatives were correct-
ly classified as agonist or antagonists. The potency of
these agents in each category, as well as their binding-
affinity tor the beta receptor was correlated through a
multivariate regression analysis. (Copyright (c) 1986
Academic Press, Inc. (London) Ltd.)
Keywords: Molecular structure, Tables(Data), Re-
prints, "Structure-activity relationship, 'Beta adrener-
gic receptor agonists, 'Beta adrenergic receptor
blockaders, 'Expert systems, Adenylate cyclase,
Computer automated structure evaluation(CASE).
PB90-106410/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Computer-Automated Prediction of the Mutage-
nicity of Benzidine, 4,4(double pr1me)-Dlaminoter-
phenyl, 4-Dlmethylamlnoazo-benzene and 4-Cyan-
odlmethylanlllne: Comparison with the Results of
the Second UKEMS Collaborative Study.
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH.
H. S. Rosenkranz, M. R. Frierson, and G. Klopman.
C1986,10p EPA/600/J-86/511
Grant EPA-R-812264
Pub. in Jnl. of Mutagenesis, v1 n4 p275-282 1986.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
There was agreement between the experimental re-
sults, obtained in the course of the Second UKEMS
Collaborative Study, for the mutagenicity in Salmonella
typhimurium of benzidine, 4,4'-diaminoterphenyl, 4-di-
methylaminoazobenzene and 4-cyanodlmethylanidlne
and the mutagenicity predicted by CASE (Computer
Automated Structure Evaluation), a recently devel-
oped artificial Intelligence system.
Keywords: 'Amines, Molecular structure, Prediction,
Salmonella typhimurium, Reprints, 'Mutagenicity
tests, 'Benzidines, 'Dimethylaminobenzene, 4-Cyano-
dimethyl aniline, 4,4'-diaminoterphenyl, Expert sys-
tems, Computer automated structure
evaluation(CASE).
PB0O-1O642S/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Aaaeaament of International Technologies for Su-
perfund Applications: Technology Review and
Trip Raport Results.
Alliance Technologies Corp., Bedford, MA.
T. J. Nunno, and J. A. Hyman. Sep 88,53p EPA/540/
2-88/003
See also PB89-205959. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response.
Several international technologies were identified and
investigated for their applicability to hazardous waste
site remediation in the United States. The field team
visited with twelve research groups, consultants and
manufacturers at 15 locations in The Netherlands, Bel-
gium and the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG). Re-
sults of the individual site visits are summarized and a
capsule summary of each technology includes a brief
process description, discussion of process limitations,
performance data, costs, and status of process devel-
opment. Identified were site cleanup technologies not
currently used in the U.S., as well as unique applica-
tions of techniques used in the U.S. Among the most
important findings were five different schI washing
techniques in Holland and the the FRG. Another key
finding was the High Temperature Slagging Incinerator
technology reviewed in Belgium. In addition, the field
team reviewed unique applications of in situ biological
treatment and composting techniques, vacuum extrac-
tion and in situ air stripping, in situ extraction of cadmi-
um from soils, application of rotating biological con-
tractors, and electrochemical dehalogenation tech-
niques.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Technology as-
sessment, 'Waste disposal, Netherlands, Belgium,
Performance evaluation, United States, Industrial
waste treatment, Federal Republic of Germany, Site
surveys, 'Foreign technology, 'Superfund program,
'Remedial action, 'Environmental research, Technol-
ogy utilization.
PB90-106436/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Evaluation of Solidification/Stabilization as a Best
Demonstrated Available Technology for Contami-
nated Soils.
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
L. Weitzman, and L. E. Hamel. Sep 89,86p* EPA/600/
2-89/049
Contract EPA-68-03-3241
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The project involved the evaluation of solidification/
stabilization technology as a BDAT for contaminated
soil from Superfund sites. Three binding agents were
used on four different synthetically contaminated soils.
Performance evaluation data included unconfined
compressive strength (UCS) and the Toxicity Charac-
teristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) leaching test. Re-
sults indicated that solidification/stabilization tech-
niques were effective in reducing the leachable metals
of the contaminated soils.
Keywords: 'Solidification, 'Stabilization, 'Waste dis-
Cosal, 'Hazardous materials, Performance evaluation,
eaching, Experimental design, Quality assurance,
Quality control, Sampling, 'Best technology, 'Land
pollution, 'Superfund program, Volatile organic com-
pounds, Technology utilization.
PB90-106444/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Cllmate-Bloaphere Interactions Scope of Work.
Summary rept.
NSI Technology Services Corp., Corvallis, OR.
G. A. King. Sep 89,30p EPA/600/3-89/054
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
The document describes the research that will be un-
dertaken In this project over the next five years. Its pur-
pose is twofold. First, It presents the scientific ques-
tions that must be addressed in order to answer impor-
tant public policy needs concerning the potential envi-
ronmental effects of global climatic change. Second, it
describes the generaT research approaches that will be
used to answer the scientific questions. The document
is organized into four sections: an overview of the
project, a description of the research tasks that will be
undertaken, a discussion of the relationship of the
project's research with other global change research,
and a budget summary.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Climatic
changes, Indicator species, Ecology, Vegetation, Sen-
sitivity, Research, 'Biosphere, Response surface anal-
ysis.
PB90-1M451/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Analyala of Ambient Polar Volatile Organic Com-
pounds Using Chemical lonliatlon-lon Trap De-
tector.
I IT Research Inst., Chicago, IL.
S. M. Gordon, and M. Miller. May 89,37p EPA/600/3-
89/070
Contract EPA 68-D8-0002
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
The current approach to measuring trace levels of
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ambient air re-
quires cryogenic trapping of the analytes, followed by
thermal desorption and low-temperature refocusing
onto a column for analysis by capillary gas chromatog-
raphy/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The approach
has been successfully applied to nonpolar VOCs, but
its use for more polar species has been complicated
by the problems associated with the ambient water
vapor collected with the VOCs. A promising technique
for measuring polar VOCs is chemical ionization GC/
MS (GC/CI-MS) in the quadrupole ion trap. The ap-
proach allows whole air samples to be taken since the
water present in the air is used as the CI reagent gas.
Water CI leads to appreciable intensities for the proton
transfer agent H30+, which produces intense pseu-
domolecular ions and class-specific fragmentation
patterns for various low molecular weight polar com-
pounds. Standard mixtures of polar species at low con-
centrations in humidified zero air were analyzed with-
out a membrane dryer, using a cryogenic trap and Cl-
GC/MS with the ion trap detector in the full scan
model.
Keywords: 'Cryogenics, 'Ion traps(lnstrumentation),
'Ionization, Trace elements, Ambient conditions,
Chromatographic analysis, Water vapor, Polarity,
'Volatile organic compounds.
PB90-106469/HSU	PC A99/MF A04
United Nations Environment Programme, Paris
(France).
International Conference on New Frontiers for
Hazardous Waste Management (3rd). Proceedings
of a Conference Held In Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
on September 10-13,1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Aug 89,618p EPA/600/9-89/072
See also PB88-113360. Sponsored by United Nations
Environment Programme, Paris (France), World Feder-
ation of Engineering Organizations, Pasadena, CA.,
American Academy of Environmental Engineers, An-
napolis, MD„ and NUS Corp., Pittsburgh, PA.
The conference was held at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,
September 10-13. The purpose of the conference was
to examine the state of technology for the disposal of
hazardous waste. Emphasis was placed on the pres-
entation of papers that summarized important new
technological developments and concepts with broad
international applications. Sessions were held in the
areas of: thermal destruction, physical/chemical treat-
ment, biological treatment, land disposal, solidifica-
tion/stabilization, and waste minimization.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Meetings, 'Waste
disposal, Incinerators, Solidification, Stabilization,
Waste treatment, Foreign countries, Site surveys,
'Waste management, 'Technology utilization, Physi-
cal chemical treatment, Biological industrial waste
treatment, Land disposal, Risk assessment.
PB90-106550/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Evaluation of Skin and Ingestion Exposure Path-
ways. Final rept.
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
R. Aaberg. Jun 89,42p EPA/520/1 -89/016
Sponsored by Office of Radiation Programs, Washing-
ton, DC.
The report provides background information on expo-
sure pathways for use in the development of Protec-
tive Action Guides. An evaluation is made of the rela-
tive importance of three exposure pathways that are
usually considered to be unimportant compared to
other pathways expected to control relocation deci-
sions following a nuclear power plant accident. The
three pathways are the skin dose from contact with ra-
dionuclides transferred from the ground, the skin dose
from radionuclides on the ground surface, and inges-
tion of radionuclides transferred directly to the mouth
from the hands or other contaminated surfaces. Ap-
pendixes are included to allow the reader to examine
dose factor calculations, sourceterm data, and quanti-
fication of contact and ingestion parameters in more
detail.
Keywords: 'Radioactive isotopes, Skin effect,
Ingestion(Biology), Tables(Data), Comparison, Acci-
dents, Penetration, 'Environmental exposure path-
ways, Radionuclide migration, Recommendations, Ra-
diation dose-response relationships.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-106774/HSU	PC A12/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Exposure Factors Handbook.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
J. J. Konz, K. Lisi, E. Friebele, and D. A. Dixon. Jul 89,
273p* OHEA-E-286,, EPA/600/8-89/043
Contract EPA-68-02-4254
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment.
The document provides a summary of the available
data on various factors used in assessing human ex-
posure including drinking water consumption, con-
sumption rates of broad classes of food including
fruits, vegetables, beef, dairy products, and fish; soil in-
gestion; inhalation rate; skin area; lifetime; activity pat-
terns; and body weight. Additionally, a number of spe-
cific exposure scenarios are identified with recommen-
dations for default values to use when site-specific
data are not available. The basic equations using
these parameters to calculate exposure levels are also
presented for each scenario. Default values are pre-
sented as ranges from typical to reasonable worst
case and as frequency distributions where appropriate
data were available. Finally, procedures for assessing
the uncertainties in exposure assessments are also
presented with illustrative examples. These proce-
dures include qualitative and quantitative methods
such as Monte Carlo and sensitivity analysis.
Keywords: 'Humans, 'Exposure, 'Drinking water,
'Food, Handbooks, Fruits, Vegetables, Beef, Dairy
products. Fishes, Seafood, Food consumption, Water
consumption, Soils, Skin(Anatomy), Respiration, Body
weight, Equations, Assessments, Monte Carlo
method, Risk, Chemicals.
PB90-107079/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Registration Standard for Pesticide Products
Containing Terbacil as the Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Aug 89,137p EPA/540/RS-89/064
Supersedes PB85-120186.
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing terbacil. The
document includes how to register under a registration
standard, regulatory position and rationale, and sum-
maries of date requirements and data gaps. Also in-
cluded is a bibliography containing citations of all stud-
ies reviewed by EPA in arriving at the positions and
conclusions contained in the standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Regulations, Standards, As-
sessments, Public health, Environmental tests, Lethal
dosage, Tables(Data), Toxicity, 'Terbacil, Biological
effects, CAS 5902-51-2.
PB90-107160/HSU	PC A22/MF A03
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Proceedings of the U.S./FRG (Federal Republic of
Germany) Research Symposium: Effects of At-
mospheric Pollutants on the Spruce-Fir Forests ol
the Eastern United States and the Federal Repub-
lic of Germany. Held in Burlington, Vermont on
October 19-23, 1987. Forest Service general techni-
cal rept.
Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Broomall,
PA.
G. Hertel. 1988, 517p* FSGTR-NE-120, NEFES/89-17
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC., and Vermont Univ., Burlington. Dept.
of Botany.
Includes 66 papers presented at the US/FRG re-
search symposium: effects of atmospheric pollutants
on the spruce-fir forests of the Eastern United States
and the Federal Republic of Germany, which was held
October 19-23,1987, in Burlington, Vermont.
Keywords: "Meetings, 'Forest trees, Plant growth, De-
forestation, Ozone, Fir trees, Federal Republic of Ger-
many, United States, "Air pollution effects(Plants),
'Acid rain, Spruce trees, Coordinated research pro-
grams, Terrestrial ecosystems, Dose response rela-
tionships.
PB90-107186/HSU
PC A09/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1):
Pinette's Salvage Yard, Aroostook County, ME.
(First Remedial Action), May 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
May 89,181 p EPA/ROD/R01-89/034
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Pinette's Salvage Yard site is located approxi-
mately one mile southwest of the town of Washburn,
Aroostook County, Maine, in the northeast corner of
the State. In June 1979 three electrical transformers
were allegedly brought to the site where they ruptured
while being moved from the delivery vehicle. Approxi-
mately 900 to 1,000 gallons of dielectric fluid contain-
ing PCBs spilled directly onto the ground. Subsequent
investigations at the site revealed the presence of a
wide range of PCB concentrations in the surface and
subsurface soils. The total volume of contaminated
soil above 5 mg/kg PCBs and containing other organ-
ics is approximately 2,200 cu yd. Detectable concen-
trations of PCBs and benzene compounds were identi-
fied in both the shallow and deep aquifers localized
within and slightly downgradient of the spill area. The
primary contaminants of concern affecting the soil and
ground water are VOCs including benzene; organics
including PCBs; and metals including lead. The select-
ed remedial action for the site includes excavation of
soil; onsite ground water pumping; access restrictions;
institutional controls; and sediment, ground water and
surface water monitoring.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Waste disposal,
Benzene, Industrial waste treatment, Lead(Metal),
Ground water, Water pollution, 'Superfund program,
'Remedial action, 'Environmental research,
'Washburn(Maine), Volatile organic compounds, Poly-
chlorinated biphenyls, Soil contamination.
PB90-107558/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 8):
South Valley Site, Edmunds Street Source Control
Operable Unit, Albuquerque, NM., (First Remedial
Action) March 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Mar 89,43p EPA/ROD/R06-89/048
The South Valley/Edmunds Street site is a portion of
the South Valley Superfund site - a large area in the
southern part of the city of Albuquerque, New Mexico.
The South Valley site surrounds a city municipal water
well identified as San Jose-6. Within this larger area
are a number of industrial properties owned and oper-
ated by different groups and individuals. The site has
been divided into operable units to address soil and
ground water contamination resulting from current and
historical industrial practices. The operable units in-
clude Edmunds Street Ground Water, Former Air
Force Plant 83/GE, San Jose-6, and the final operable
unit, Edmunds Street Source Control. Potential
sources of ground water contamination within the Ed-
munds Street property have been identified, but pri-
mary focus has been given to a drainage pit area which
receives most of the drainage from the property. There
are no contaminants of concern affecting the soil at
this site. The selected remedial response for this final
operable unit is no further action. Based on sampling
data, the soil has been determined to contain contami-
nant levels below hazardous contaminant concentra-
tion limits and poses no risk to human health or the en-
vironment. The only further activities anticipated at the
site are sampling of soil gases in the drainage pit area
following the ground water remedial action.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Hazardous materials.
'Waste disposal, Soils, Site surveys. Organic com-
pounds, Earth fills, Water wells, Soil properties. Drain-
age wells, Pits(Ecavations), Industries, Water treat-
ment, 'Superfund program, Record of Decision,
Albuquerque(New Mexico).
PB90-107568/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
Amnlcola Dump Site, Chattanooga, TN. (First Re-
medial Action), March 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Mar 89,72p EPA/ROD/R04-89/045
The Amnicola Dump site is an 18-acre inactive con-
struction debris disposal site located in Chattanooga,
Tennessee. The only industrial waste reportedly dis-
posed of at the site was latex waste. Unauthorized
waste dumping and concerns about leachate dis-
charge in proximity to the drinking water intake area
led to closure of the site in 1973. The current owner
and operator has been burning, storing, and handling
cieosoted railroad ties, contributing to elevated PAHs
in surface soil. The primary contaminants of concern
affecting the soil, debris, and ground water are organ-
ics including PAHs, and metals including chromium.
The selected remedial action tor the site includes ex-
cavating and screening 600 cu yd of contaminated
soil/debris with onsite solidification/fixation of 400 cu
yd of contaminated soil and 200 cu yd of debris (debris
exceeding cleanup goals or LDR Requirements will be
disposed of offsite), followed by onsite disposal of so-
lidified mass; monitoring of ground water for 4 years;
conducting a public health assessment 5 years after
completion of the remedial action; and implementation
of institutional controls including ground water and
land use restrictions.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, 'Site surveys, Haz-
ardous materials, Water pollution, Public heaith, Cost
analysis, Monitoring, Ground water, Land use, "Solid
waste management, 'Superfund program, "Remedial
actions, Chattanooga(Tennessee).
PB90-107574/HSU	PC A04/MF AOI
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3k
Hebelka Auto Salvage Yard, We) sen burg Town-
ship Lehigh County, PA. (First Remedial Action).
March 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
31 Mar 89,69p EPA/ROD/RO3-89/069
The 20-acre Hebelka site is located in a rural area of
the Weisenburg Township in Lehigh County, Pennsyl-
vania. From 1958 to 1979, the property was used as an
automobile junk yard. Debris including two large piles
of battery casings, empty drums, junk cars, and scrap
metal were accumulated on site. A site inspection in
December 1985 revealed lead in soil downgradient
from the battery piles, and chromium in downgradient
sediments. Lead concentrations were highest in sur-
face soil samples (<3ft) ranging from 200-65,000 mo/
kg. The record of decision addresses source control; a
second operable unit will address migration pathways
such as downgradient sediments and ground water.
The primary contaminant of concern at trie site is tecKL
The selected remedial action for the site includes ex-
cavation and onsite fixation of 5,000 cu yd of soil, fol-
lowed by offsite disposal of treated soil at a sanitary
landfill; excavation and recycling of 1,000 cu yd of bat-
tery casings; and soil backfilling and revegetation.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Site surveys,
'Lead(Metal), Hazardous materials, Sources, Public
health, Cost analysis, Automobiles, Electric batteries.
Recycling, 'Solid waste management, "Superfund
program, "Remedial actions, Lehigh
County(Pennsylvania), Soil contamination.
PB90-107715/HSU	PC A02/MF AOI
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Dietary Influences on Disease Resistance Factors
in Channel Catfish. Journal article.
Georgia Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, Athens.
V. S. Blazer, G. T. Ankley, and D. Finco-Kent c1989,
7p EPA/600/J-89/091
Pub. in Developmental and Comparative Immunology
v13 p43-48 1989. Sponsored by Environmental He!
search Lab.-Duluth, MN.
The effects of diet on selected disease resistance fac-
tors were studied in channel catfish (Ictalurus puncta-
tus). Two commercial feeds and a 'control,' laboratory-
prepared diet were compared. Macrophage function
(phagocytosis and intracellular killing) was used to
assess nonspecific disease resistance and serum anti-
body was measured as an indication of specific immu-
nity. The study measured the immune response to Ed-
wardsiella ictaluri, a common bacterial pathogen of
catfish, as well as the phagocytosis and killing of the
bacteria. In the initial experiment fish were maintained
on the experimental diets for 116 days, vaccinated and
responses assayed 14 days later. Significant differ-
ences among the groups were observed in the phago-
cytic index as wolf as in circulating antibody. An aadu
tional study showed that even when fed the experi-
mental diets for only 42 days there were significant djf,
ferences in the ability of macrophages from both bn-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
munized and nommmunized fish to kill E. ictaluri.
(Copyright (c) 1989 Pergamon Press pic.)
Keywords: "Catfish, "Feeding stuffs, 'Immunity,
Animal physiology, Antibody formation, Macrophages,
Immunization, Reprints, "Disease resistance, Phago-
cytosis, Ictalurus punctatus, Edwardsieila ictaluri.
PB90-107723/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Effects of Trlchloroethylene and Its Metabolites
on Rodent Hepatocyte Intercellular Communica-
tion. Journal article.
Medical CoJI. of Ohio at Toledo.
J. E. Klaunig. R. J. Ruch, and E. L. C. Lin. c1989,14p
EPA/600/J-89/116
Grant EPA-R-812559
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v99 n3
p454-465 Jul 89, Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Chronic exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE) results in
hepatocellular cancer in mice but not rats. The induc-
tion of hepatic tumors by TCE appears to be mediated
through nongenotoxic or tumor promotion mecha-
nisms. One cellular effect exhibited by a number of
nongenotoxic carcinogens and tumor promoters is the
inhibition of gap junction mediated intercellular com-
munication. In the present study, the effects of trichlor-
oethylene (TCE) and its metabolites, trichloracetic acid
(TCA), trichloroethanol (TCEth), and chloral hydrate
(CH) on gap junction mediated intercellular communi-
cation in cultured B6C3F1 mouse and F344 rat hepa-
tocytes were assessed. TCE and TCA inhibited inter-
cellular communication in mouse hepatocytes but not
in rat hepatocytes. TCEth and CH had no effect on he-
patocyte intercellular communication in either rat or
mouse cells. TCE and TCA inhibited intercellular com-
munication in both 24-hr-old and freshly plated mouse
hepatocytes. Both compounds produced greater inhi-
bition of intercellular communication in freshjy plated
cells when compared to 24-hr-old cultures. TCE ap-
peared to require cytochrome P450 metabolism by the
mouse hepatocytes to exhibit its inhibitory effect on
dye coupling since treatment with SKF-525A prevent-
ed the inhibition of intercellular communication by
TCE. (Copyright (c) 1989 by Academic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Liver neoplasms, 'Toxicity, Mice, Rats,
Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data), Dyes, Reprints, 'Trich-
loroethylene, Dose-response relationships, Chronic
exposure, Trichloracetic acid, Trichloroethanol, Chlo-
ral hydrate, Gap junction.
PB90-1O8184/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Transfer of Coniugatlve Plasm Ids and Mobiliza-
tion of a Nonconjugative Plaemld between 'Strep-
tomyces' Strains on Agar and In Soli. Journal arti-
Idaho Univ., Moscow. Dept. of Bacteriology and Bio-
chemistry.
F. Rafil, and D. L. Crawford. C1988,9p EPA/600/J-88/
422
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v54
n6 p1334-1340 Jun 88. Sponsored by Corvallis Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., OR.
The coniugative plasmid plJ101 and its conjugative
nondeletion derivatives piJ303 and plJ211 were tested
for their transferability between strains of Strepto-
myces on laboratory media and in the soil environ-
ment. Their roles in the mobilization of the cloning
vector plasmid plJ702, a nonconjugative deletion de-
rivative of plJ101, were also examined. Biparental and
triparental crosses were performed on agar slants and
In sterile soil between the plasmid donor Streptomyces
lividans and several recipient Streptomyces strains
previously isolated from soil. Conjugative plasmids
were transferred to seven recipients in slant crosses
and to three recipients in soil. Plasmids isolated from
recipients showed restriction fragment patterns identi-
cal to that of the original plasmid in S. lividans. Plasmid
plJ303 was transferred less frequently in soil than on
slants, and the frequency of transfer was higher at 30
C than at the other temperatures examined. Transcon-
jugant Streptomyces strains differed in their ability to
maintain plJ303. The nonconjugative plasmid plJ702
was mobilized on agar slants into S. coelicolor 2708,
which already contains a self-transmissible plasmid.
Plasmid plJ702 was also mobilized into S. ftavovirens,
Streptomyces sp. strain 87A, and S. parvulus on slants
and in sterile soil after triparental crosses with two
donors, one containing plJ702 and the other contain-
ing either plJ 101 orplJ211.
Keywords: 'Soil microbiology, 'Streptomyces, Deoxyr-
ibonucleic acids, Cultures(Biology), Agar, Reprints,
'Transfection, 'Plasmid,s 'Genetic conjugation, Nu-
cleic acid hybridization, Southern immunoblotting,
Agar gel electrophoresis, Species specificity.
PB90-108192/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Pesticide Side-Effects on Arthropod Natural En-
emies: A Database Summary. Journal article.
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Entomology.
K. M. Theiling, and B. A. Croft. c1988,30p EPA/600/J-
88/421
Grant EPA-R-812182
Pub. in Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 21,
~ 191-218 1988. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., OR.
The literature on pesticide side-effects on arthropod
natural enemies has greatly expanded since the
1950s. A database (SELCTV) of the literature has
been developed for characterization, analysis and use
in decision-making for pest control and environmental
impact assessment. Currently, the database hold
some 12,600 records containing pesticide side-effects
information for over 600 species of natural enemies
and 400 agricultural chemicals. A record includes in-
formation on the natural enemy species tested, the
chemical pesticide and its attributes, the conditions of
pesticide exposure and associated natural enemy re-
sponse, and the literature source of information. In ad-
dition to characterizing the literature, all pesticide/nat-
ural enemy response data were translated to a scale
ranging from 1 (0% effect) to 5 (90-100% effect).
Lethal and sublethal effects are presented for many
species, pesticide and test method data groupings.
Some general trends from the database are that pred-
ators are less susceptible and more variable in re-
sponse to pesticides than parasitoids. Some species
very tolerant to pesticides are the spider, Lycosa pseu-
doannulata, the coccinellid, Cryptolaemus montrou-
zieri, and the chrysopid, Chrysopa carnea. Insecticides
are the most toxic pesticide class to predators and par-
asitoids, followed by herbicides, acaricides and fungi-
cides, respectively. Among insecticide classes, a trend
of increasing toxicity to natural enemies Is present
from the early inorganics to the synthetic pyrethroids.
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Arthropoda, Toxicity, Per-
formance tests, Pest control, Tables(Data), Reprints,
'Natural enemies, 'Environmental impact assess-
ments, 'Data bases, Side effects, Environmental ef-
fects.
PB90-108200/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
NCLAN (National Crop Loss Assessment Net-
work) Program for Crop Loss Assessment. Sym-
posium paper.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
E. M. Preston, and D. T. Tingey. c1989,20p EPA/600/
J-88/420
Pub. in Assessment of Crop Loss from Air Pollutants,
Elsevier Applied Science, Chapter 3, p45-62.
A series of nationally coordinated field studies was
conducted to provide crop exposure-response data
representative of the areas in which they were con-
ducted. A network of field sites was established in re-
gions where ten field crops (corn, soybeans, wheat,
nay, tobacco, sorghum, cotton, barley, peanuts and
dry beans), accounting for roughly 85% of U.S. acre-
age, are planted. Ozone exposure-response experi-
ments were conducted for each. When funding permit-
ted, additional independent variables were included In
the field experiments (e.g., water stress or other pollut-
ants). Physiological measurements were taken during
the growing season when possible, to aid in interpret-
ing results and modeling interactions of independent
variables. Response functions so generated and inter-
preted were used in an economic assessment of the
consequences of ozone exposure to U.S. field crops.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Farm crops, Plant physiology
Simulation, Field tests, Exposure, Assessments, Re-
prints, 'Air pollution effects(Plants), Dose-response
relationships.
PB90-108218/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Usefulness of Chollnesterase Measurements.
Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A. Fairbrother, and J. Bennett. c1988,6p EPA/600/J-
88/423
Pub. in Jnl. of Wildlife Diseases24, n3 p587-590 1988.
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc..
Corvallis, OR.
A standardized method outlining techniques for collec-
tion and storage as well as assay parameters such as
cuvette type and homogenization procedures is essen-
tial before utilizing data bases to their full extent. The
technique should be as rigorous and biologically realis-
tic as possible yet still capable of being conducted in a
field laboratory by personnel with minimal training in
biochemical techniques. Most importantly, proper
quality control and assurance procedures should be
adhered to by all laboratories conducting the tests, re-
gardless of whether their purpose is field diagnostics
or rigorous research. Until such time as interlaboratory
data can be more comparable, there will need to be
continued reliance on current data sets, the 2-PAM re-
activation technique, or comparisons of exposed birds
to unexposed or 'control' animals collected concur-
rently and use published control values only as a
check to determine if there are similar trends among
species.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Birds, 'Cholinesterase,
'Wildlife, Test methods, Field testing, Cholinesterase
inhibitors, Reprints, 'Reference values.
PB90-108226/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Relationship between Annual Runoff and Water-
shsd Area for the Eastern United States. Journal
article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
B. P. Rochelie, M. R. Church, W. A. Gebert, D. J.
Graczyk, and W. R. Krug. C19B8,9p EPA/600/J-88/
424
Pub. In Water Resources Bulletin, v24 nl p35-4l Feb
88. Prepared in cooperation with Geological Survey,
Madison, Wl„ and Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis,
OR.
As part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's
effort to determine the long-term effects of acidic dep-
osition on surface water chemistry, annual runoff was
estimated for about 1000 ungaged sites in the eastern
U.S. using runoff contour maps. One concern in using
contour maps was that a bias may be introduced in the
runoff estimates due to the size of the 1000 ungaged
sites relative to the size of the watersheds used in de-
veloping the maps. To determine if a bias was present
the relationship between the annual runoff (expressed
as depth) and the watershed area for the Northeast
(NE) and Southern Blue Ridge Province (SBRP) was
tested using five regional data bases. One short-term
data base (1984 Water Year, n = 531), and two long-
term data bases (1940-57, n = 134 and 1951-80, n =
342) was used in the NE. In the SBRP one short-term
data base (1984 Water Year, n = 531) and one long-
term data base (1951-80, n = 60) were used. For the
NE and the SBRP, runoff was not directly correlated
with watershed area using the five regional data bases.
Also, runoff normalized by precipitation was not relat-
ed to watershed area.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Watersheds, 'Water chem-
istry, 'Surface water runoff, 'Southern Blue Ridge
Province, Sulfates, Sites, Numerical analysis, Reprints,
'Northeast Region(United States), 'Direct/Delayed
Response Project, 'Waste pollution sampling, 'Annual
variations, Regional analysis.
PB90-108234/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Correspondence between Ecoreglons and Spatial
Patterns In Stream Ecosystems In Oregon. Journal
article.
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
T. R. Whittier, R. M. Hughes, and D. P. Larsen. C1988,
18p EPA/600/J-88/425
Contract EPA-68-03-3124
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Fisheries and Aquatic Sci-
ences, v45 n7 p1264-1278 1988. Sponsored by Cor-
vallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Multivariate analyses of biotic assemblages and phy-
siochemical measures, species richness, diversity, and
composition were used to evaluate the robustness of
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Omernik's ecoregion classification for small streams in
the eight ecoregions of Oregon. Clearest differences
were between the montane and nonmontane regions.
For the three nonmontane regions, ordinations of
fishes, macroinvertebrates, water quality, and physical
habitat measures show the clearest differences, with
the Willamette Valley ecoregion being consistently
most unlike all other regions. Differences between the
Columbia Basin and High Desert regions were clearest
for water quality and physical habitat measures and
fish assemblages of the montane regions, the East
Cascade Slopes showed the greatest variability, as
shown by the ranges of ordination scores for fishes,
water quality, and physical habitat. Regional patterns
in periphyton assemblages were markedly different
from the patterns in the other groups of variables.
Ecoregions can be used as a broad-scale geographic
framework for classifying streams. The framework pro-
vides managers of lotic resources a useful alternative
to river basins.
Keywords: "Oregon, "Streams, Classifying, Water-
sheds, Fishes, Invertebrates, Water quality, Reprints,
'Aquatic ecosystems, Habitats.
PB90-108242/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Um of 'Selenastrum capricomutum' to Assess the
Toxicity Potential of Surface and Ground Water
Contamination Caused by Chromium Waste. Jour-
ng| g|^iQ)Q,
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. C. Greene, W. E. Miller, M. Debacon, M. A. Long,
and C. L. BartelOs. C1988,7p EPA/600/J-88/426
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v7
p35-39 1988. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop
Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
United Chrome Products, Inc. (Corvallis, OR), dis-
charged liquid chrome-plating wastes into an on-site
dry well from 1957 to 1977. Samples were collected
from ground and surface waters during February and
December 1984 and evaluated for toxicity potential
using 96-h Selenastrum capricomutum bioassays.
Bioassays of the February samples were used to cal-
culated predicted EC50 values for different chromium
concentrations, which were then compared with the
chromium concentrations measured in the December
samples and with the results of S. capricomutum
bioassays on these samples. An excellent correlation
was obtained between the predicted EC50 values and
the actual bioassay response values for ground water
and drainage ditch samples. However, no correlation
was obtained with the off-site surface water samples.
These results could not be explained by changes in
chromium valence, and they demonstrate that, even in
simple systems, toxicity cannot readily be predicted
based solely on chemical analysis.
Keywords: 'Chromium plating, 'Water pollution, 'Tox-
icity, 'Industrial wastes, Groundwater, Surface waters,
Bioassay, Algae, Reprints, 'Selenastrum capricomu-
tum, Dose-response relationships, Superfund pro-
gram.
PB90-108259/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Sequential Sampling of Plasma Cholinesterase In
Mallards ('Anas platyrhynchos') as an Indicator of
Exposure to Cholinesterase Inhibitors. Journal arti-
cle.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A. Fairbrother, R. S. Bennett, and J. K. Bennett. c1989,
8p EPA/600/ J-89/106
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v8
pi 17-1221989. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop
Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
The use of sequential measurements of plasma cholin-
esterase (ChE) activity for monitoring exposure to or-
ganophosphorus pesticides was investigated in the
mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). At the onset of incuba-
tion, birds were assigned to treated (400 ppm methyl
parathion in the diet), pair-fed (same daily food allot-
ment on a g/kg/d basis as consumed by the treated
bird of the pair), control or nonincubating control
groups. Blood samples were collected weekly during
egg-laying and every 3 days during incubation periods.
Both plasma and brain samples were taken on day 24
of incubation. Plasma ChE was more variable than
brain ChE among the birds and there were no signifi-
cant correlations (p>0.05) between plasma and brain
samples within treatment groups. Reduced food con-
sumption during incubation did not affect plasma ChE
activity (p=0.77). Birds that abandoned their nests
had significantly increased (paired t=-2.39, d.f.=9,
1398 Vol. 90, No. 24
p<0.05) ChE activity at the time of abandonment.
There were significant differences (p<0.01) ion
plasma ChE activity between untreated birds, but
within-bird variation was 2 and 11 times less than be-
tween-bird variation during egg-laying and incubation,
respectively. Methyl parathion significantly
(p< 0.0001) reduced plasma ChE activity. Measure-
ment of plasma ChE activity provides a noninvasive,
nonlethal technique for assessing the exposure of ani-
mals to ChE inhibitors.
Keywords: "Cholinesterase inhibitors, 'Pesticides,
'Sequential sampling, 'Ducks, 'Cholinesterase, Blood
chemical analysis, Chemical indicators, Experimental
design, Animal behavior, Brain, Toxicity, Reprints,
'Anas platyrhynchos, Organophosphorus compounds,
Methyl parathion.
PB90-108267/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Intact Soil-Core Microcosms for Evaluating the
Fate and Ecological Impact of the Release of Ge-
netically Engineered Microorganisms. Journal arti-
cle.
Idaho Univ., Moscow. Dept. of Bacteriology and Bio-
chemistry.
S. A. Bentjen, J. K. Fredrickson, P. Van Voris, and S.
W. Li. c1989, 7p EPA/600/J-89/105
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v55
n1 p198-202 Jan 89. Prepared in cooperation with Bat-
telle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA. Spon-
sored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.,
and Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Intact soil-core microcosms were studied to determine
their applicability for evaluating the transport, survival,
and potential ecosystem effects of genetically engi-
neered microorganisms before they are released into
the environment. Soil-core microcosms were planted
with wheat and maize seeds and inoculated with Azo-
spirillum lipoferum SpBr17 and SpRG20a Tn5 mu-
tants, respectively. Microcosm leachate, rhizosphere
soil, plant endorhizosphere, insects, and xylem exu-
date were sampled for A. lipoferum Tn5 mutant popu-
lations. A. lipoferum Tn5 populations, determined by
most-probable-number technique-DNA hybridization,
varied from below detection to 10(6) g of dry root(-1) in
the rhizosphere, with smaller populations detected in
the endorhizosphere. Intact soil-core microcosms
were found to maintain some of the complexities of the
natural ecosystem and should be particularly for initial
evaluations of the fate of plant-associated genetically
engineered bacteria. (Copyright (c) 1989 American So-
ciety for Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Soil microbiology, 'Core testing,
Seeding(lnoculation), Mutations, Microorganisms,
Wheat, Deoxyribonucleic acids. Reprints, 'Genetic en-
tineering, 'Azospirillum lipoferum Tn5, Microcosms,
cological monitoring, Nucleic acid hybridization. Agar
gel electrophoresis, Restriction mapping, Maize.
PB90-108275/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Acidic Deposition and Cistern Drinking Water
Supplies. Journal article.
Olem Associates, Washington, DC.
H. Olem, and P. M. Berthouex. c1989,10p EPA/600/
J-89/104
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v23
n3 p333-340 Mar 89. Prepared in cooperation with
Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Dept. of Civil and Environ-
mental Engineering. Sponsored by Corvallis Environ-
mental Research Lab., OR.
The water quality characteristics, including the trace
elements Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn, in rainwater cistern sup-
plies representing an area receiving acidic deposition
were compared to cistern water chemistry in a control
area that does not receive a significant input of acidic
deposition. Mean volume-weighted pH for bulk deposi-
tion was two pH units higher and S04 was 50% lower
in the control region. Rainwater was neutralized upon
contact with cistern masonry in both regions, as indi-
cated by a 1.5-unit increase in pH and an increase in
calcium and alkalinity. While there seemed to be a
clear difference in water quality for the two study re-
gions, any difference in trace metals was marginal.
Metal concentrations were below current drinking
water limits in all but a few samples. Cistern water that
remained in the home plumbing system overnight ex-
ceeded the proposed drinking water standard of 5 mi-
crograms/L for lead in 18 homes in the region receiv-
ing acidic deposition and 10 homes in the control
region. No relation between metal concentrations and
roofing material, plumbing materials, or water stability
indices could be found. (Copyright (c) 1989 by the
American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Water supply, 'Acidifica-
tion, 'Water quality, 'Air water interactions, 'Water
storage, Sites, Deposition, Trace elements, Cadmium,
Copper, Plumbing, Lead(Metal), Zinc, pH, Sampling,
Reprints, 'Acid rain, 'Water pollution sampling, Re-
gional analysis.
PB90-108283/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Summer Total Phosphorus in Lakes: A Map of
Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan, USA. Journal
article
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
J. M. Omernik, D. P. Larsen, C. M. Rohm, and S. E.
Clarke. C1988, 14p EPA/600/J-88/419
Pub. in Environmental Management, v12 n6 p815-825
1988. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
A map of summer total phosphorus in lakes has been
compiled for Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan to
clarify regional patterns in attainable lake trophic state.
Total phosphorus was used as a measure of lake
trophic state because: phosphorus plays a central role
in controlling the overall fertility of most lakes, total
phosphorus values are available for a great number of
lakes, and phosphorus is measured in a consistent
manner. The maps were compiled using patterns ol
total phosphorus data and observed associations be-
tween these data and geographic characteristics in-
cluding physiography, land use, geology, and soils. Re-
gions depicted on the map represent areas of similarity
in phosphorus concentrations in lakes, or similarity in
the mosaic of values, as compared to adjacent areas.
Within each region, differences in total phosphorus
can be compared to natural and anthropogenic factors
to determine the types of lakes representative of each
region, the factors associated with differences in qual-
ity, and the realistically attainable phosphorus levels
for each type of lake. (Copyright (c) 1988 Springer-
Verlag New York Inc.)
Keywords: 'Phosphorus, 'Lakes, 'Mapping, Food
chains, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Seasonal
variations, Water chemistry, 'Trophic revel, Regional
analysis.
PB90-108291/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Response Differences between Two Soybean Cul-
tlvars with Contrasting UV-B Radiation Sensitivi-
ties. Journal article.
Maryland Univ., College Park. Dept. of Botany.
N. S. Murali, A. H. Teramura, and S. K. Randall. c1988,
8p EPA/600/J-88/418
Grant EPA-R-812152
Pub. in Photochemistry and Photobiologv, v48 n5
p653-6571988. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., OR.
Soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr. cvs. Essex and Wil-
liams) were grown in an unshaded greenhouse under
two levels of biologically effective ultraviolet-B (UV-
BBE) radiation (effective daily dose: 0 and 11.5 kJ m-2)
for 34 days. Ultraviolet-B radiation reduced leaf area
and total plant mass in Essex but these parameters
were unaffected in Williams. Differences in both ana-
tomical and biochemical characteristics were found
between cultivars. Some of these differences were in-
herently distinct between cultivars while others were
variable induced by UV treatment. Specific leaf weight,
an estimate of leaf thickness, was unchanged in Essex
but increased in Williams with UV-B irradiation. The rel-
ative increase in concentration of UV-absorbing com-
pounds in leaf tissues after UV-B irradiation was great-
er in Williams. The composition of UV-absorbing com-
pounds In leaf tissues differed between the two culti-
vars but was unaffected by UV-B radiation. Although
total soluble proteins and total peroxidase activity
were similar between cultivars, several electrophoretf-
cally distinct peroxidase activities were detected
(Copyright (c) 1988 Pergamon Press pic.)
Keywords: 'Soybean plants, 'Radiation effects, 'Ul-
traviolet radiation, Plant growth, Plant physiology, Pho-
tochemistry, Comparison, Peroxidases, Proteins, Re-
prints, "Glyone max, Radiation dose-response rela-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-108309/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Stream Chemistry In the Southern Blue Ridge:
Feasibility of a Regional Synoptic Sampling Ap-
Broach. Journal article,
tah State Univ., Logan.
J. J. Messer, C. W. Ariss, J. R. Baker, S. K. Drouse, and
K. N. Eshleman. C1988,11p EPA/600/J-88/417
Grant EPA-R-812049
Pub. in Water Resources Bulletin, v24 n4 p821-829
Aug 88. Prepared in cooperation with Oregon State
Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Statistics, Northrop Services,
Inc., Corvallis, OR., and EG and G Idaho, Inc., Idaho
Falls. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research
Lab., OR.
A pilot study, which was conducted in the Southern
Blue Ridge geographical province of the Southeastern
U.S., demonstrated the feasibility of a probability-
based regional synoptic design for the National
Stream Survey, which is a project aimed at estimating
the number and percentage of streams in various re-
gions of the U.S. that are acidic or at risk from acid
deposition. Estimated population distributions for key
chemical variables were not appreciably affected by
week-to-week variability in stream chemistry during the
spring index period chosen for the study. Differences
were observed in estimated acid neutralizing capacity
(ANC), nitrate, and pM frequency distributions between
spring and summer. Observations made at the down-
stream node did not represent the chemistry of the
entire reach for some variables (ANC and nitrate). Co-
efficients of variation in chemical species were low
enough to provide a reasonably stable classification of
streams based on ANC. Although median ANC, sul-
fate, and nitrate concentrations were quite low In the
region, the probability of finding streams with pH <8.3
is (ess than 1.3% at the alpha=0.05 confidence level.
Keywords: 'Stream pollution, "Ground water, "Water
chemistry, 'Neutralizing, pH, Seasonal variations,
Sampling, Sulfates, Graphs(Charts), Reprints, Acid
deposition, Nitrates, National Stream Surveys.
PB0O-108317/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Competition, Morphology and Canopy Structure
In Wheat ('Triticum aestlvum L.') and Wild Oat
('Avena fatua L.') Exposed to Enhanced Ultravlo-
let-B Radiation. Journal article.
Utah State Univ., Logan. Dept. of Range Science and
Ecology Center.
P. W. Barnes, P. W. Jordan, W. G. Gold, S. D. Flint, and
M. M. Caldwell. C1988,14p EPA/600/J-68/416
Pub. in Functional Ecology 2, p319-330 1988. Spon-
sored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
The influence of enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-
B, 280-320nm) on competitive balance in wheat (Triti-
cum aestivum L.) and wild oat (Avena fatua L.) was ex-
amined in the field for each of 6 years using replace-
ment series experiments. The relative competitive
status of wheat increased significantly under UV-B en-
hancement in two of the years, when precipitation was
relatively high, and over all years when data from all
years were combined. Shifts In competitive balance
occurred in response to UV-B enhancement despite
no significant changes in total shoot biomass in either
monocultures or mixtures. Associated with shifts in
competitive balance under UV-B treatment in the field
and In a glasshouse competition experiment were simi-
lar, differential effects of Uv-B on species growth form:
leaf insertion heights and leaf blade lengths were re-
duced to a greater extent in wild oat than in wheat in
mixtures exposed to enhanced UV-B. These changes
in Individual plant morphology were related to shifts in
foliage height distribution in mixed canopies with
wheat overtopping wild oat to a greater degree under
UV-B treatment.
Keywords: "Plant anatomy, "Farm crops, "Crop
weeds, "Ultraviolet radiation, Competition, Field tests,
Greenhouses, Biomass, Oat plants, Wheat plants, Re-
prints, "Triticum aestlvum, "Avena fatua, Biological ra-
diation effects.
PMO-108416/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Computer Automated Structure Evaluation
iCASE): A Study of Inhibitors of the Thermolysin
¦nzyme. Journal article.
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH.
G. Klopman, and R. D. Bendale. C1989,13p EPA/600/
J-89/115
Grant EPA-R-812264, Contract N00014-84-K-0090
Pub. in Jnl. of Theoretical Biology, v136 p67-77 1989.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC., and Office of Naval Re-
search, Arlington, VA.
The Computer Automated Structure Evaluation
(CASE) program has been applied to the analysis of
the inhibition of the thermolysin enzyme by derivatives
of di- and poly-peptides. The inhibition constant k1 was
used as a measure of the activity of the inhibitors. The
program successfully identified molecular fragments
relevant to the inhibitory activity of the peptides, with-
out any assumption regarding the mechanism of inhibi-
tory action. Utilizing these major fragments, Quantita-
tive Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) calcula-
tions were performed yielding a multiple linear regres-
sion equation for the prediction of inhibitory activity. A
comparison of the conclusions reported in the litera-
ture regarding the structural features involved in the in-
hibition of thermolysin with the major fragments identi-
fied by the program is also made. (Copyright (c) 1989
Academic Press, Limited.)
Keywords: "Enzyme inhibitors, "Molecular structure,
Tables(Data), Reprints, "Thermolysin, "Expert sys-
tems, Structure-activity relationship, Peptide frag-
ments, Computer automated structure
evaluation(CASE).
PB90-108424/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
National Science Foundation, Washington, DC.
Temporal Allocation of (14)C to Extramatrlcal
Hyphae of Ectomycorrhizal Ponderosa Pine Seed-
lings. Journal article.
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.
S. L. Miller, D. M. Durall, and P. T. Rygiewicz. c1989,
13p EPA/600/J-89/113
Grants NSF-BSR85-05792, NSF-BSR85-05975
Pub. in Jnl. of Tree Physiology, v5 p239-249 1989.
Sponsored by National Science Foundation, Washing-
ton, DC., Forest Service, Washington, DC., and Corval-
lis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Ponderosa pine seedlings were inoculated with Hebe-
loma crustuliniforme either in growth pouches before
they were transplanted to root-mycocosms (P seed-
lings), or at the time of transfer to root-mycocosms (V
seedlings). Uninoculated seedlings served as controls
(U seedlings). The use of root-mycocosms allowed ex-
amination of portions of hyphae separate from roots
and rooting substrate but still in symbiosis with the
host. The results thus provided a quantitative basis for
estimating hyphal mass and carbon allocation to extra-
matrical hyphae. The amount of 14C02 fixed after a 2-
h exposure was greatest for P seedlings and least for
uninoculated seedlings. Four and nine days after expo-
sure, 14C content was greatest in uninoculated seed-
lings and least in inoculated seedlings. In isotope dis-
tribution and dry mass accumulation, V seedlings were
more similar to U than to P seedlings. Calculated on a
dry weight basis, the allocation of isotope to mycelium
suggested that extramatrlcal hyphae of P seedlings
were a stronger sink for carbon than extramatrlcal
hyphae of V seedlings. (Copyright (c) 1989 Heron Pub-
lishing, Victoria, Canada.)
Keywords: "Pine trees, "Carbon 14, "Time depend-
ence, "Fungi, Plant anatomy, Reprints, "Pinus ponder-
osa laws, "Hebeloma crustuliniforme, "Pharmacokine-
tics.
PB90-108432/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms Dis-
tinguish Ectomycorrhizal Fungi. Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. L. Armstrong, N. L. Fowles, and P. T. Rygiewicz.
C1989,9p EPA/600/J-89/112
Pub. in Plant and Soil, v116 pi -71989. Prepared in co-
operation with NSI Technology Services Corp., Corval-
lis, OR.
Basidiomycetous fungi, two saprophytes and three my-
corrhizal, were used to assess the specificity of DNA
hybridization for distinguishing genera from one an-
other. Interspecific comparisons were done with sever-
al isolates of mycorrhizal fungi, Laccaria bicolor and L.
Laccata, collected from diverse geographical sites.
The DNAs were digested with four restriction nu-
cleases and separated by gel electrophoreses Into pat-
terns of DNA fragments called restriction fragment
length polymorphism (RFLPs). The RFLPs were hybri-
dized with a radioactively-labeled DNA probe encoding
Basidiomycetous ribosomal RNA genes. The five
genera were discernable using both unprobed and
probed RFLPs. Hybridization of probe DNA with
RFLPs was isolate-specific for all nine Laccaria iso-
lates examined. The reclassification of a L. bicolor iso-
late is supported, demonstrating that hybridization of
RFLPs offers an additional tool for taxonomy of ecto-
mycorrhizal fungi. The method may have field applica-
tion for distinguishing known isolates if their DNA fin-
gerprints are previously ascertained and are distinct
from RFLPs of indigenous organisms. (Copyright (c)
Kluwer Academic Publishers 1989.)
Keywords: "Plant genetics, Deoxyribonucleic acids,
Taxonomy, Reprints, "Restriction fragment length po-
lymorphisms, "Ectomycorrhizal fungi. Nucleic acid hy-
bridization, DNA probes, Laccaria bicolor, Laccaria
laccata.
PB90-108440/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Terrestrial and In-Lake Contributions to Alkalinity
Budgets of Drainage Lakes: An Assessment of
Regional Differences. Journal article.
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
P. W. Shaffer, and M. R. Church. C1989,9p EPA/600/
J-89/111
Contract EPA-68-03-3246
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Fisheries and Aquatic Sci-
ences, v46 n2 p509-515 1989. Sponsored by Corvallis
Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Using two independent procedures, relative contribu-
tions of in-lake alkalinity generation to total basin alka-
linity budgets for drainage lakes in selected regions of
the Eastern United States are estimated. The first
method is based on the assumption of approximately
equal areal rates of alkalinity production by water-
sheds and lakes, and uses watershed area to lake
area ratio as a direct estimator of relative alkalinity
contributions. The second approach is based on exist-
ing models for in-lake alkalinity generation estimated
from sulfate retention. Projections from the two meth-
ods are comparable, and show that for most drainage
lakes in Northeastern United States, Southern Blue
Ridge Province, and Upper Midwest, in-lake alkaljnity
generation is a minor contributor to net basin alkalinity
production, contributing 7% or less of total net basin
alkalinity production in typical watersheds in any of the
regions. Regional assessment of current or future ef-
fects of acidic deposition on surface water chemistry in
the Northeastern United States, the Southern Blue
Ridge Province or other areas dominated by drainage
lakes with high watershed to lake area ratio would not
appear to be seriously comprised by use of models lim-
ited to consideration of terrestrial processes. In areas
such as the Upper Midwest which are characterized by
high proportions of seepage lakes or for lakes with
long hydrologic residence times, in-lake processes
ana hydrologic influences must be considered.
Keywords: "Lakes, "Alkalinity, Hydrochemistry, Statis-
tical data, Forecasting, Production rate, Sulfates,
Models, Reprints, Eastern Region(United States), Acid
precipitation, Regional analysis.
PB90-108457/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Analyala of Sulfur In Soil, Plant and Sediment Ma-
terial*: Sample Handling and Use of an Automated
Analyzer. Journal article.
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Forestry.
M. B. David, M. J. Mithcell, D. Aldcorn, and R. B.
Harrison. C1989,7p EPA/600/J-89/108
Grant EPA-R-813572
Pub. in Jnl. of Soil Biology and Biochemistry, v21 n1
pi 19-123 1989. Prepared in cooperation with Wash-
ington Univ., Seattle. Coll. of Forest Resources, and
State Univ. of New York Coll. of Environmental Sci-
ence and Forestry, Syracuse. Sponsored by Corvallis
Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Methods for analyzing soil, vegetation and sediment
samples for total sulfur (S) and handling solid samples
for analysis of S constituents were examined. A LeCO
automated total S analyzer (SC-132) was used for the
analysis of vegetation, sediments and soil samples.
Results from the LECO analyzer compared favorably
with other currently used total S techniques such as al-
kaline oxidation. Calibrating the instrument on soil or
vegetation standards using two combustion accelera-
tors improved accuracy ana recovery. The upper 99%
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
confidence interval RSD values for duplicate samples
using the LECO analyzer were <15% for mineral soil,
<8% for forest floor and <3% for sediment samples.
Sample analysis takes <3 min and provides a direct
readout of the total S value. Freeze-drying soil sam-
ples caused minor changes (< 15%) in S constituent
analyses (Zn-HCI reduction, Hl-S and extractable sul-
fate) when compared to fresh (field moist, refrigerated)
samples. Oven-drying at 65 C caused greater changes
in soils than freeze-drying, primarily in extractable sul-
fate. (Copyright (c) 1989 Pergamon Press.)
Keywords: *Soil chemistry, 'Sulfur, 'Quantitative anal-
ysis, 'Analyzers, Soil tests, Plants(Botany), Sedi-
ments, Calibrating, Freeze drying, Reprints.
PB90-108465/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Influence of Aqueous Aluminum and Organic
Acids on Measurement of Acid Neutralizing Ca-
pacity In Surface Waters. Journal article.
Syracuse Univ., NY. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
T. J. Sullivan, C. T. Driscoll, S. A. Gherini, R. K.
Munson, and R. B. Cook. c1989, 5p
Grants EPA-R-814951, EPA-R-813933
Pub. in Jnl. of Nature, v338 n6214 p408-410, 30 Mar
89. Prepared in cooperation with Tetra Tech, Inc., La-
fayette, CA., Oak Ridge National Lab., TN., and Indi-
ana Univ. at Bloomington. Dept. of Biology. Sponsored
by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) is used to quantify the
acid-base status of surface waters. Acidic waters have
been defined as having ANC values less than zero,
and acidification is often quantified by decreases in
ANC. Measured and calculated values of ANC gener-
ally agree, except for low-ANC waters. The discrepan-
cy in ANC is greatest for waters with high concentra-
tions of aluminum and/or dissolved organic carbon
(DOC). The discrepancy due to aluminum increases
with increasing concentration of dissolved monomeric
aluminum (Al sub m) and can exceed 50 micro eq/1 at
low pH and high Al sub m values. ANC should not be
used as a single parameter for characterizing the
chemical suitability of surface waters for biota or for
assessing the susceptibility of low-ANC waters to
acidification by acid deposition. (Copyright (c) Macmil-
lan Magazine, Ltd. 1989.)
Keywords: 'Surface waters, 'Acidification, 'Neutraliz-
ing, Aluminum, Dissolved organic matter, Carbon,
Chemical analysis, Quantitative analysis, Valence, Vol-
umetric analysis, Graphs(Charts), Reprints, 'Acid neu-
tralizing capacity.
PB90-108473/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Watershed Surveys to Support an Assessment of
the Regional Effects of Acidic Deposition on Sur-
face Water Chemistry. Journal article.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN. Environmental Sciences
Div.
J. Lee, D. Lammers, M. Johnson, D. Stevens, and R.
Turner. C1989,16p EPA/600/J-89/107
Contract DE-AC05-84OR214000
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Management, v13 n1
P95-108 1989. Prepared in cooperation with NSI Tech-
nology Services Corp., Corvallis, OR., and Eastern
Oregon State Coll., La Grande. Sponsored by Depart-
ment of Energy, Washington, DC., and Corvallis Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., OR.
The results of these surveys and the conclusions of
the Direct/Delayed Response Protect (DDRP) will be
presented in several future papers. The current paper
gives an overview of the context, rationale, logistical
considerations, and implementation of these surveys,
with special emphasis on the field activities of water-
shed mapping and soil sampling. The discussion
should be useful to those planning, implementing, and
managing survey activities in support of regional as-
sessments of other environmental concerns, who are
likely to face similar choices and constraints.
Keywords: 'Watersheds, 'Acidification, 'Water pollu-
tion "Air water interactions, 'Water chemistry. Surface
water Air pollution, Soil analysis. Sampling, Environ-
mental surveys, Field tests, Reprints, 'Risk assess-
ment, 'Regional analysis, 'Eastern Re9l°n(.^n''®d
States), "Direct/Delayed Response Project, Acid rain.
1400 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB90-108481 /HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9):
IBM (International Business Machines), San Jose,
CA. (First Remedial Action), December 1988. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
15 Dec 88,147p EPA/ROD/R09-89/029
International Business Machines (IBM) has owned and
operated a facility in San Jose, California, since De-
cember 1956 using organic chemicals including TCA,
acetone, xylene, and petroleum naphthas. The organ-
ics have been handled and stored onsite in drums, and
above-ground and underground tanks. In addition,
waste organic solvents were stored in concrete or
steel underground tanks or drums; however, the con-
crete tanks were designed only to store organic
wastes. In October 1980, while excavating tanks, IBM
discovered soil contaminated with organics. Further-
more, investigations in November 1981 revealed ex-
tensive ground water contamination. The selected re-
medial action for the site includes onsite soil vapor ex-
traction; onsite shallow and deep ground water, and
offsite deep ground water pumping and treatment
using air stripping, followed by onsite discharge of
treated ground water to the aquifer and offsite dis-
charge to surface water after the reuse capacity of the
aquifer is exhausted.
Keywords: 'Site surveys, "Organic solvents, Hazard-
ous materials, Water pollution, Public health. Ground
water, Industrial wastes, 'Liquid waste disposal, 'Solid
waste management, 'Remedial actions, "Superfund
program, San Jose(California), Soil contamination.
PB90-108507/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Experimental Investigation of Critical Fundamen-
tal Issues in Hazardous Waste Incineration. Final
rept. Jan 84-Apr 85.
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
J. C. Kramlich, E. M. Poncelet, R. E. Charles, W. R.
Seeker, and G. S. Samuelsen. Sep 89,130p EPA/
600/2-89/048
Contract EPA-68-02-3633
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of a laboratory-scale program
investigating several fundamental issues involved in
hazardous waste incineration. The key experiment for
each study was the measurement of waste destruction
behavior in a subscale turbulent spray flame. Atomiza-
tion quality: the performance of subscale nozzles was
directly measured in terms of droplet size by laser dif-
fraction. Secondary atomization: test results showed
that, when atomization quality was the limiting process,
secondary atomization markedly improved both waste
destruction efficiency and overall combustion efficien-
cy, as measured by CO and total hydrocarbon emis-
sions. Compound concentration: test results support
the hypothesis that varying secondary atomization in-
tensity with compound concentration in the feed ex-
plains most of the variation in laboratory-scale studies.
A mechanism involving mixing limited equilibrium
chemistry is proposed to explain the field data. Forma-
tion of products of incomplete combustion: the broad
spectrum of volatile organic compounds from a simpli-
fied flame were measured. Test results show that most
of the organic compounds present were from the fuel.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Waste disposal,
'Organic compounds, 'Combustion efficiency, 'Air
pollution abatement, 'Atomizing, Experimental design,
Performance standard, Design criteria, Combustion
products, Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons, 'Inciner-
ation, Compliance, Air pollution standards, Pollution
regulations, Afterburning.
PB90-108515/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Comparison of Existing Water Quality Criteria and
Standards with Uvlng Resourcss Habitat Require-
ments.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
^WcB%PtX3T/89
See also PB88-142831.
The Workgroup compared existing water quality crite-
ria and standards with water auality requirements
found in the Chesapeake Bay Program document,
Habitat Requirements for the Chesapeake Bay Living
Resources. Based on the comparison, the Workgroup
developed general recommendations for the improve-
ment of existing criteria and standards and specific
recommendations applicable to individual parameters
in four groups: conventional, metals, biocides, and
other organic chemicals.
Keywords: 'Water quality, "Chesapeake Bay, Stand-
ards, Requirements, Monitoring, Water pollution, Natu-
ral resources, Temperature, Light(Visible radiation).
Comparison, Metals, Biocides, Organic compounds,
Tables(Data), "Habitats.
PB90-108523/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Benzene Emissions from Coke By-Product Recov-
ery Plants, Benzene Storage Vessels, Equipment
Leaks, and Ethylbenzene/Styrene Process Vents:
Background Information and Responsee to Tech-
nical Comments for 1989, Final Decisions. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Aug 89,190p EPA/450/3-89/31
Final decisions have been made on regulation of ben-
zene emissions from existing and new coke by-product
recovery plants, benzene storage vessels, equipment
leaks, and ethylbenzene/styrene process vents.
These decisions implement Section 112 of the Clean
Air Act and are based on the Administrator's determi-
nation of June 8, 1977 (42 FR 29332) that benzene
presents a significant risk to human health as a result
of air emissions from one or more stationary source
categories, and is therefore a hazardous air pollutant
The document contains a summary of the comments
on the proposal of these standards in the Federal Reg-
ister (53 FR 28496), the Environmental Protection
Agency's response to these comments, and a summa-
ry of the health, environmental and economic impacts
of the final standards.
Keywords: "Environmental impact statements-Final,
"Benzene, Byproducts, Materials recovery, Law en-
forcement, Ethyl benzene, Leakage, Styrene, Storage
tanks, Coking, Public health, 'Pollution regulations,
'Air pollution standards, 'Fugitive emissions, Econom-
ic impact Risk assessment, Compliance standards.
PB90-108531/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Ground-Water Protection Standards for Inactive
Uranium Tailings Sites (40 CFR 192): Background
Information for Final Rule. Final rept.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Mar 89,296p EPA/520/1 -88/023
The Final Background Information Document summa-
rizes the information and data considered by the
Agency in developing the ground-water protection
standards. The report presents a brief description of
the Title II ground water standard and how it can be
used to develop the Title I rulemaking. A description of
the 24 designated uranium tailings sites and their cur-
rent status in the DOE remedial action program is in-
cluded as well as a detailed analysis of the available
data on the ground water in the vicinity of 14 of the 24
sites. It also describes different methods that can be
used for the restoration of ground water and the costs
of using these restoration methods.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Tailings, 'Water quality,
"Hazardous materials, "Radioactive materials, Site
surveys, Aquifers, Cost analysis,
Concentration(Composition). "Environment protec-
tion, "Water pollution sampling. 'Pollution regulations
'Water pollution standards, 'Uranium mines. Clean-up
operations, Remedial action, Standard compliance.
PB90-108649/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
ARCS (Alternative Remedial Contract Strategy)
Contracts Users' Manual.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
B. Hamm. Aug 89,90p EPA/540/G-89/008
The handbook provides guidance tor EPA Regional
personnel with responsibility for management and Ad-
ministration of Alternative Remedial Contract Strategy
(ARCS) contracts. The ARCS is EPA's approach to ob-
taining project management and technical services to
support remedial response activities at National Prior-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
start-up, operational functions and a management plan
lor multi-regional ARCS contracts.
Keywords: 'Regional planning, 'Contract administra-
tion, 'Hazardous materials, Waste disposal, Hand-
books, Guidelines, Management planning, Quality con-
trol, Quality assurance, Fees, Performance evaluation.
Ground water, Productivity, 'Alternative Remedial
Contract Strategy, 'Remedial response, 'Superfund
program, Workstations, National Priorities Listings.
PB90-108838/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Polnt-of-Uaa Treatment of Drinking Water In San
Yatdro, NM.
Leedshill-Herkenhoff, Inc., Albuquerque, NM.
K. R. Rogers. Oct 89, 75p EPA/600/2-89/050
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
A study was conducted to determine whether point-of-
uae reverse osmosis units could satisfactorily function
in lieu of central treatment to remove arsenic and fluo-
ride from the drinking water supply of a small commu-
nity. Point-of-use treatment was evaluated for removal
efficiency, cost, and management effectiveness. The
community involved in the study, San Ysidro, New
Mexico, averaged arsenic concentrations of 0.059
mg/L and fluonde concentrations of 2.7 mg/L during
the project period. Seventy-eight under-the-slnk model
reverse osmosis units with polyamide membranes
were installed during the project, the reverse osmosis
units attained 86% arsenic removal and 87% fluoride
removal during the 20 month project period. The units
were evaluated for removal of fluoride, iron, manga-
nese, TDS, and bacteria as well. The reverse osmosis
units were effective in removal of chloride, iron, man-
Sanese and TDS to below the recommended MCLs,
ut the removal percentages were approximately 10%
less than those stated in the manufacturer's literature.
This discrepancy was more than likely due to the quan-
tity and combination of contaminants in the San Ysidro
water supply.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, "Potable water, 'Chemi-
cal removal(Water treatment), Separation, Efficiency,
Cost analysis, Management analysis, Sanitary engi-
neering, Contaminants, Demineralizing, 'Reverse os-
mosis desalination.
PB90-108846/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Internally Staged Coal Burners and
Sorbent Jet Aerodynamics for Combined 802/
NOx Control in Utility Boilers. Volume 2. Testing In
• 100 Million Btu/hr Experimental Furnace. Final
rept. Nov 84-Jun 85.
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
B. M. Cetegen, J. Clough, G. C. England, T. R.
Johnson, and Y. Kwan. Sep 89,133p EPA/600/7-89/
009
Contract EPA-68-02-3923
See also Volume 1, PB89-207955. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report gives results of tests on a 100 million Btu/hr
(28 MWt) experimental furnace to explore methods for
achieving effective S02 removal in a coal-fired utility
boiler using calcium-based sorbents, through appropri-
ate selection of injection location and injector design/
operating parameters. Methods were also tested to
reduce NOx emissions from the coal burners without
external air ports (i.e., with internal fuel/air staging).
Sorbent jet testing showed that, through cold model-
ling, injection locations and velocities could be select-
ed which avoided recirculation of the sorbent into the
burner zone (hence dead-burning). At the best condi-
tions, S02 removals at Ca/S = 2 were 30-40% with
finely ground limestone, 45-50% with dolomite, and
60% with pressure-hydrated dolomitic lime. Limited
testing of burner modifications to achieve internal
staging resulted in about a 35% reduction in NOx,
through use of coal splitters.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Sor-
bents, 'Air pollution control, 'Aerodynamics, Experi-
mental design. Boilers, Performance evaluation,
Design criteria, Limestone, Calcium oxides, 'Lime-
stone injection multistage burners.
PB90-108853/HSU	PC A11/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
Interferences at Publicly Owned Treatment
Works. Rept. for Jul 85-Sep 86.
Montgomery (James M.) Consulting Engineers, inc.,
Pasadena, CA.
E. D. Wetzel, and S. B. Murphy. Sep 86,232p EPA/
600/2-89/053
Contract EPA-68-03-1821
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Water Engineering Research Lab.
The discharge of heavy metals, toxic organics and
variable strength conventional pollutants from industri-
al (and other nondomestic) sources can have negative
impacts on the operation of publicly owned treatment
works (POTWs). Such industrial discharges can result
in an interference at POTWs, recently redefined by the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to mean
'...causation of a POTW's noncompliance with its
permit or inability to lawfully use or dispose of its
sludge.' The EPA-funded study considers the sources
of and contaminants causing interference, the impact
on the POTW, and the mitigation techniques available
for interference prevention. The results of the study in-
dicate that interference effects can be minimized with
an effective program that combines the following ele-
ments: technically sound and enforceable industrial
waste permits for all significant discharges, compre-
hensive monitoring of industrial waste permits for all
significant discharges, comprehensive monitoring of
industrial discharges and POTW plant influent, the abil-
ity to track plant upsets to the source of the discharge,
and in-plant operational control to mitigate the impact
of industrial wastes on POTWs.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Sludge disposal, 'In-
dustrial wastes, 'Waste water, Contaminants, Potable
water, Sanitary engineering, Sewage treatment, Indus-
trial plant protection.
PB90-108S61/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Artificial Intelligence Approach to the Study of
the Structural Moieties Relevant to Drug-Receptor
Interaction* in Aldose Reductase Inhibitors. Jour-
nal article.
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH. Dept. of
Chemistry.
G. Klopman, and E. Buyukblngol. c1988,13p EPA/
600/J-88/409
Grant EPA-R-812264, Contract N00014-84-K-0090
Pub. in Molecular Pharmacology, v34 p852-862 1988.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC., and Office of Naval Re-
search, Arlington, VA.
The computer-automated structure evaluation pro-
gram has been used to study 482 compounds relevant
to the inhibition of the aldose reductase enzyme. Major
activating/inactivating fragments were generated
automatically. The significance of these molecular de-
scriptors with respect to the activity of the compounds
is discussed. (Copyright (c) The American Society of
Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.)
Keywords: 'Enzyme inhibitors, 'Pharmacology,
Tables(Data), Reprints, 'Computer automated struc-
ture evaluation(CASE), 'Aldose reductase, Structure-
activity relationship, Predictive value of tests, Drug re-
ceptors.
PB90-108879/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Transport and Affinity of Substituted Benzenes In
Soybean Stems. Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. K. McCrady, C. McFarlane, and F. T. Undstrom.
C1987,18p EPA/600/J-87/491
Pub. in Jnl. of Experimental Botany, v38 n196 p1875-
1890 Nov 87. Prepared in cooperation with Oregon
State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Mathematics.
The sorption of non-ionized substituted benzenes in
the xylem tissue of excised soybean stems was stud-
ied. A positive pressure perfusion technique was used
to force solutions containing chemicals and treated
water through 50-mm stem segments. The stem efflu-
ent was collected at timed intervals and analyzed for
each chemical and tritium activity. A theoretical mass
transport model was developed and the experimental
data were analyzed to calculate the flux of water,
chemical sorption, and first order rate constants. Sorp-
tion of hydrophobic chemicals in the xylem tissue ap-
peared to be the dominant interaction responsible for
impeding solute movement. Linear relationships be-
tween sorption and accumulation of the chemicals in
the xylem tissue, and the chemical octanol/water par-
tition coefficients were demonstrated. The mathemati-
cal derivation of the mass transport model is de-
scribed. (Copyright (c) Oxford University Press 1987.)
Keywords: 'Soybean plants, Stems(Botany), Sorption,
Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), Gas chromatography,
Effluents, Diffusion, Reprints, 'Pharmocokinetics,
'Benzene derivatives.
PB90-108887/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Temperature and pH on Survival of
Free Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus of 'Autographs
callfornlca'. Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
M. D. Knittel, and A. Fairbrother. c 1987,6p EPA/600/
J-87/492
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v53
n12 p2771-2773 Dec87.
The effects of temperature and low pH on replication
and survival of nonoccluded Autographs californica
nuclear polyhedrosis virus were investigated. No virus
replication or formation of polynuclear inclusion bodies
occurred at 37 C. The virus was immediately inactivat-
ed upon exposure to pH 2.0 and was inactivated within
1 h at pH 4.0. The virus titer slowly declined, a 3-orders
of magnitude reduction in virus titer, at pH 5.0 during a
4-h exposure. Virus survival at pH 6.0 was equal to that
of the control in cell culture medium 199 MK (pH 7.12).
(Copyright (c) 1987 American Society for Microbiolo-
gy) .
Keywords: 'Temperature, *pH, Exposure,
Cells(Biology), Virology, Replicating, Survival, Re-
prints, 'Autographa californica, 'Polyhedrosis viruses,
Side effects.
PB90-110081/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Alkalinity Regulation In Softwater Florida Lakes.
Journal article.
Northrop Services, Inc./Environmental Sciences, Cor-
vallis, OR.
L. A. Baker, C. D. Pollman, and J. M. Eilers. C1988,16p
EPA/600/J-88/415
Contract EPA-68-03-3246
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Resources Research, v24 n7
p1069-1082 Jul 88. Prepared in cooperation with KBN
Engineering and Applied Sciences, Inc., Gainesville,
FL„ and Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Dept. of Civil
and Mining Engineering. Sponsored by Corvallis Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., OR.
Major ion chemistry data collected as part of the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency (EPA) Eastern Lake
Survey was examined to evaluate the mechanisms
and extent of alkalinity regulation in 37 undisturbed,
softwater lakes in Florida. Comparison of major ion-CI
ratios In atmospheric deposition and in iakewater
shows the reactions resulting in retention of sulfate
and nitrate are the dominant sources of alkalinity; pro-
duction of organic acids and ammonium retention are
the major alkalinity-consuming processes. Based on
average reactions, enrichment of major cations ac-
counted for only 12% of net alkalinity generation in the
study lakes. In general, calcium and potassium were
depleted in low ANC lakes, presumably by in-iake
sinks, and were enriched in most higher ANC lakes by
groundwater inputs. Differences in alkalinity among
these lakes reflect hydrologic factors and the proximity
of clay and carbonate deposits to the lake bed. Over-
all, net alkalinity generation nearly balanced H+ pre-
dicted from evaporative concentration of atmospheric
acid inputs; the close balance suggests that the alka-
linity status of these lakes is very sensitive to changes
in atmospheric loadings and groundwater alkalinity
inputs. (Copyright (c) 1988 by the American Geophysi-
cal Union.)
Keywords: 'Alkalinity, 'Water chemistry, 'Lakes, 'Wa-
tersheds, Atmospheric composition, Florida, Air water
interactions, Cations, Hydrology, Chemical reactions.
Precipitation(Meteorology), Sulfates, Inorganic ni-
trates, Water pollution, Ground water,
ConoentrationlComposition), Reprints, Wet methods,
Dry methods. Chlorine ions.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-110099/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Nitrite Induced Iron Deficiency In the Neonatal
Rat. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH. Toxicol-
ogy and Microbiology Div.
A. C. Roth, and M. K. Smith. C1988,12p EPA/600/J-
88/411
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v96 n1
p43-51 Oct 88.
Neonatal rats from dams administered 2 or 3 grams
NaN02/L in the drinking water through gestation and
lactation suffered severe microcytic anemia as well as
growth retardation and high mortality. Upemia, fatty
liver damage, decreased erythropoiesis of spleen and
bone marrow and reduced plasma and tissue iron
levels were noted in affected pups. These effects were
all consistent with and characteristic of iron deficiency.
Experiments presented here were designed to show
that the maternally mediated toxicity of nitrite is actual-
ly an iron deficiency syndrome in the pups caused by
inadequate iron transfer from dam to pup. First It was
demonstrated that administration of exogenous iron
supplement to pups of treated mothers reversed the
anemia and other effects of nitrite toxicity noted both in
previous studies and in unsupplemented littermates. It
was then shown that mothers of affected pups were
themselves anemic and somewhat iron deficient. Fi-
nally, severe iron deficiency in pups of nitrite treated
mothers was documented. It was shown that these
mothers produced milk of reduced iron content. (Copy-
right (c) 1988 by Academic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Nitrites, 'Iron deficiency anemia, "Toxici-
ty, Rats, Blood chemical analysis, Animal physiology,
Growth abnormalities, Mortality, Supplements, Fatty
metamorphosis(Liver), Spleen, Milk, Body weight, Re-
prints, 'Deficiency diseases, 'Drinking water, New-
born animals, Water pollution effects(Animals), Mater-
nal-fetal exchange.
PB90-110107/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
CohJPuter Automated Structure Evaluation
(CASE) of Flavonolds as Larval Growth Inhibitors.
Journal article.
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland. OH.
J eS/TiO8"' 8nd R' E' V0negaS- C1988' 8p EPA/600/
Grant EPA-R-812264
i" ¦Jnl- of Pure and Applied Chemistry, v60 p265-
? 2 L ®8, Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC., and Office of Naval
Research, Arlington, VA.
The Computer Automated Evaluation program(CASE)
has been used to analyze the inhibition of the larval
growth in the H. Zea system by flavonoid derivatives. A
quantitative structure-activity relationship was estab-
lished between molecular fragments generated by the
CASE methodology and the activity of the flavonolds.
A good correlation with experimental values is ob-
tained. (Copyright (c) 1988IUPAC.)
Keywords: 'Growth regulators, 'Inhibitors, 'Larvae,
Molecular structure, Reprints, 'Computer automated
structure evaluation(CASE), 'Heliothis zea, Flavon-
olds, Structure-activity relationship.
PB90-1101 IS/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Reranking of Area Source* In Ught of Seasonal/
Regional Emission Factors and State/Local
Needs. Final rept.
Alliance Technologies Corp., Chapel Hill, NC.
S. L. Kersteter. Aug 89,115p* EPA/600/7-89/008
Contract EPA-68-02-4396
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of a study of air pollution area
sources ana their emissions, their importance as emit-
ters of volatile organic compounds, and sources for
which better emission estimation methodologies are
needed. Area sources in general and area source sol-
vent categories were prioritized based on annual and
seasonal emissions and EPA Regional emission de-
Dendencies (i.e., certain categories, such as forest
wildfires, were identified as categories in which activity
occurs significantly more in one Region that in others
and therefore show regional emission dependencies).
Factors affecting the variability of each area source
category were also identified. Inventory assumptions
and seasonal/regional factors were documented and
discussed.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Ranking, State gov-
ernment, Local government, Seasonal variations,
Comparison, Solvents, Ozone, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), 'Area sources, "Region-
al analysis, "Emission factors, "Volatile organic com-
pounds, Air pollution sampling, National Ambient Air
Quality Standard, Emission inventories, Annual vari-
ations, Clean Air Act.
PB90-110123/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Symposium on Fugitive Emissions: Measurement
and Control (Fifth). Held In Charleston, South
Carolina on May 3-5,1982.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
D. B. Harris, and W. B. Kuykendal. Sep 89,288p EPA/
600/9-89/085
The proceedings document presentations at the Fifth
Symposium on Fugitive Emissions: Measurement and
Control, May 3-5,1982, in Charleston, SC. The Sympo-
sium was sponsored by the U.S. EPA's Air and Energy
Engineering Research Laboratory (known then as the
Industrial Environmental Research Laboratory) in Re-
search Triangle Park, NC, as part of the Agency's con-
tinuing effort to develop methods for measuring and
controlling airborne ana waterborne fugitive emissions
from energy and industrial processes. The symposium
brought together people from industrial, academic, re-
search, and government organizations with experi-
ence or interest in fugitive emissions problems to ex-
change information of mutual potential benefit. The
program included presentations by individuals from a
variety of organizations describing their experience
and viewpoints regarding the impact, measurement,
and control of fugitive emissions.
Keywords: "Meetings, 'Air pollution control, 'Water
pollution control, Dust, Aerosols, Research projects,
Industrial wastes, Coal storage, Waste disposal, Parti-
cles, Hazardous materials, Mathematical models,
Leakage, Leaching, 'Fugitive emissions, 'Air pollution
sampling, 'Water pollution sampling, Technology utili-
zation, Environmental transport.
PB90-110131/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Indoor Air Sources: Using Small Environmental
Test Chambers to Characterize Organic Emis-
sions from Indoor Materials and Products. Final
rept. Jan-Jul 89.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
B. A. Tichenor. Aug 89,41 p EPA/600/8-89/074
The report describes procedures for determining or-
ganic emission rates from indoor materials/products
using small environmental test chambers. The tech-
niques presented are useful for both routine product
testing by manufacturers and testing laboratories and
for more rigorous evaluation by indoor air quality re-
searchers.
Keywords: 'Test chambers, 'Organic compounds,
'Materials tests, Mass transfer, Assessments, Build-
ings, Diffusion, Standards, Gas chromatography Ex-
perimental design, Data processing, Numerical analy-
sis, Concentration(Composition), "Indoor air pollution,
'Air quality, "Emission factors, 'Environmental ef-
fects, 'Air pollution sampling. Comprehensive plan-
ning.
PB90-110214/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Protection of Farm Animals, 1979-Aprll 1989. Cita-
tions from AQRICOLA Concerning Diseases and
Other Environmental Considerations. Bibliogra-
phies and literature of agriculture.
National Agricultural Library, Beltsvllle, MD.
C. N. Bebee. Aug 89,465p* USDA/BLA-88
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Pesticide Pro-
grams.
The sources referenced in these bibliographies include
the majority of the latest available information from
U.S. publications involving commodity protection
throughout the growing and processing stages tor
each agricultural commodity.
Keywords: 'Livestock, 'Bibliographies, 'Environmen-
tal protection, Cattle, Sheep, Swine, Poultry, Horses,
Mules, Meat, Eggs, Milk, Agricultural products, Animai
diseases. Insects control, Nematoda, Weeds, Toxicity.
PB90-111170/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Phenoxyacetlc Acid Degradation by the 2,4-Dlch-
lorophenoxyacetlc Acid (TFD) Pathway of Plasmld
pJP4: Mapping and Characterization of the TFD
Regulatory Gene, tfdR. Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A. L. Harker, R. H. Olsen, and R. J. Seidlar. C1989, 9p
EPA/600/J-89/129
Pub. in Jnl. of Bacteriology, v171 n1 p314-320 1989
Prepared in cooperation with Oregon State Univ., Cor-
vallis, and Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Medical School.
Plasmid pJP4 enables Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP134
to degrade 3-chlorobenzoate and 2,4-dichlorophenox-
yacetic acid (TFD). Plasmid pR0101 is a derivative of
pJP4 obtained by insertion of Tn1721 into a nonessen-
tial region of pJP4. Plasmid pR0101 was transferred by
conjugation to several Pseudomonas strains and to A.
eutrophus AEO106, a cured isolate of JMP134'
AE0106(pR0101) and some Pseudomonas transcon-
jugants grew on TFD. Transconjugants with a chromo-
somally encoded phenol hydroxylase also degraded
phenoxyacetic acid (PAA) in the presence of an induc-
er of the TFD pathway, namely, TFD or 3-chloroben-
zoate. A mutant of one such phenol-degrading strain
Pseudomonas putida PP0300(pR0101), grew on PAA
as the sole carbon source in the absence of inducer.
This isolate carried a mutant plasmid, designated pR-
103, derived from pR0101 through the deletion of a
3.9-kilobase DNA fragment. Plasmid pR0103 constitu-
tively expressed the TFD pathway, and this allowed
the metabolism of PAA in the absence of the inducer,
TFD. Complementation of pR0103 in trans by a DNA
fragment corresponding to the fragment deleted in
pR0101 indicates that a negative control-regulatory
gene (tfdR) is located on the BamHI E fragment of
pR0101. (Copyright (c) 1989, American Society for
Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Biodeterioration, 'Deoxyribonucleic acids
"Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas, Mutation, Reprints, "2-4
Oichlorophenoxy acetic acid, "Plasmids, "Regulator
genes, 'Restriction mapping, "Phenoxyacetic acid,
Agargel electrophoresis, Alcaligenes eutrophics.
PB90-111S35/HSU	PC A01/MF AOI
Atypical Plumage of a Female California Qn«n
Journal article.
Health^Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
J. A. Crawford, P.J. Cole, K. M. Kilbride, and A.
Fairbrother. C1987,5p EPA/600/J-87/493
Pub. in California Fish and Game, v73 n4 p244-247
1987. Prepared in cooperation with Oregon State
Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Fisheries and Wildlife
Reversal of secondary sex characteristics, most nota-
bly plumage color and pattern, has been reported in
several species of gallinaceous birds, including ring-
necked pheasants, Phasianus colchicus, Japanese
quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica, and northern bob-
whites, Colinus virginianus. There is, however, a pauci-
ty of information relating to the reversal of plumage in
other Phasianidae. The report is on an adult, female
California quail, Callipepla californica, with mixed male
and female plumage characteristics that was collected
on 7 November 1986 at the E.E. Wilson Wildlife Man-
agement Area, 15 km north of Corvallis, Benton
County, Oregon.
Keywords: "Feathers, "Birds, Females, Characteris-
tics, Coloring, Reprints, "Callipepla californica, "Sex
characteristics, Species diversity, California quail.
PB90-111543/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Novel Approach to the Use of Graph Theory In
Structure-Activity Relationship Studies. Applies.
tlon to the Qualitative Evaluation of Mutagaoicitv
in a Series of N on fused Ring Aromatic Com.
pounds. Journal article.
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH
G. Klopman, and C. Raychaudhury. c1988, 14d EPA/
600/J-B8/404
Grant EPA-R-812264
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pub. in Jnl. of Computational Chemistry, v9 n3 p232-
243 1988. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
A novel approach to the application of graph theory in
structure-activity relationship studies is described. An
information-theoretical topological index for the ver-
tices of a molecular graph has been used for the quali-
tative evaluation of the mutagenic activity of a series of
nonfused ring aromatic compounds. The use of a
vertex index contrasts with the conventional approach
of using a topological index for the entire molecule.
The idea is to identify regions, or substructures in the
molecules (molecular graphs) which may be used to
determine certain biological activity of chemical com-
pounds. The results obtained indicate that the present
approach is capable of classifying the mutagenic activ-
ity of the compounds under consideration and may find
useful application in structure-activity relationship
studies of diverse bioactive compounds. (Copyright (c)
1988 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)
Keywords: "Heterocyclic compounds, "Aromatic hy-
drocarbons, "Graph theory, Reprints, "Mutagenicity
tests, "Structure-activity relationship.
PB90-111550/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
CASE: The Computer-Automated Structure Eval-
uation System, as an Alternative to Extensive
Animal Testing. Journal article.
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH.
H. S. Rosenkranz, and G. Klopman. C1988,10p EPA/
600/J-88/407
Contract EPA-R-812264
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Industrial Health, v4 n4
p533-540 1988. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
CASE, an artificial intelligence system with demon-
strated ability to predict biological activity based on
structural considerations, correctly predicts animal
carcinogenicity. It can, therefore, play a pivotal role in
Classifying chemicals as carcinogens and prioritizing
them for further testing. Additionally, CASE shows
promise in the design of pharmacologically active
agents by reducing the number of drugs that need to
be synthesized and tested. For both of these applica-
tions, CASE provides a mechanism to conserve animal
and other testing resources.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Substitutes, Diagnostic rou-
tines, Reprints, "Computer automated structure
evaluation(CASE), "Carcinogenicity tests, "Animal
testing alternatives, Computer applications, Structure-
activity relationship.
PB90-111568/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab,, Cincinnati, OH.
CASE: The Computer-Automated Structure Eval-
uation Method, Correctly Predicts the Low Muta-
genicity for Salmonella ot Nitrated Cyclopenta-
Fused Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Journal
article.
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH.
H. Rosenkranz, and G. Klopman. c1988,9p EPA/600/
J-88/405
Grant EPA-R-812264
Pub. in Mutation Research, v199 p95-101 1988. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati,
OH,
Recently the synthesis and purification of a series of
nitro-substituted cyclopenta-fused polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons was reported. On the basis of expected
charge distributions, these chemicals were predicted
to be potent mutagens, but were found to be only
weakly mutagenic for Salmonella. The report suggest-
ed that application of CASE, an artificial intelligence
system recently developed in these laboratories,
would also not predict the low mutagenicity of this
group of chemicals. In the present report, it is shown
that CASE, in fact, correctly predicts the low mutage-
nicity of nitro-substituted cyclopenta-fused polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons.(Copyright (c) 1988 Elsevier
Science Publishers B.V. Biomedical Division.)
Keywords: "Mutagens, "Toxicity, Tables(Data), Sal-
monella typhimurlum, Reprints, "Computer automated
structure evaluation(CASE), "Polynuclear aromatic hy-
drocarbons, Structure-activity relationship, Predictive
value of tests.
PB90-111576/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianqle
Park, NC.
Computer-Automated Structure Evaluation
(CASE) of Flavonolds and Other Structurally Re-
lated Compounds as Glyoxalase I Enzyme Inhibi-
tors. Journal article.
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH. Dept. of
Chemistry.
G. Klopman, and M. L. Dimayuga. C1988, 7p EPA/
600/J-88/408
Pub. in Molecular Pharmacology, v34 p218-222 1988.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The Computer-Automated Structure Evaluation
(CASE) methodology has been applied to a set of fla-
vonoids and other structurally related compounds
tested for glyoxalase 1 enzyme inhibition. CASE identi-
fied several structural features believed to be respon-
sible for activity. A total of five fragments were isolat-
ed. The most important structural feature is the alpha-
hydroxy-alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl group at-
tached to a fused ring carbon atom. The fragment tau-
tomerizes into a transition state analog of the sub-
strate of the enzyme. Five tested compounds initially
removed from the database were submitted to CASE
in the predictive mode. The predictions generally
matched the tested values for enzyme inhibition. A set
of chromones and phenyl-pyrones, although untested,
were also submitted to CASE. CASE predicts that, as a
class of compounds, chromones would be more effec-
tive inhibitors than phenyl-pyrones. (Copyright (c) by
The American Society for Pharmacology and Experi-
mental Therapeutics.)
Keywords: "Enzyme inhibitors, "Toxicology,
Tables(Data), Reprints, "Computer automated struc-
ture evaluation(CASE), "Flavonoids, "Glyoxalase 1,
Structure-activity relationship, Chromones, Pyrones,
Predictive value of tests.
PB90-111584/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Computer Automated Structure Evaluation ot the
Carcinogenicity of N-Nltrosothlazolidlne and N-NI-
trosothiazolldine 4-Carboxylic Acid. Journal article.
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH.
H. S. Rosenkranz, and G. Klopman. ci 987,6p EPA/
600/J-88/406
Grant EPA-R-812264
Pub. in Fd. Chem. Toxic. v25 n3 p253-2561987. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
N-Nitrosothiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid (NTCA), a sul-
phur-containing nitrosamine present in human urine,
was predicted to be non-carcinogenic by CASE, the
newly developed Computer Automated Structure Eval-
uating system. On the other hand, N-nitrosothiazoli-
dine (NTHZ), a nitrosamine present in food products,
was predicted to be carcinogenic. The putative non-
carcinogenic NTCA may be metabolized to NTHZ, a
predicted carcinogen. (Copyright (c) 1987 Pergamon
Journals Ltd.)
Keywords: "Amines, Nitroso compounds, "Toxicity,
Reprints, "Computer automated structure
evaluation(CASE), "Carcinogenicity tests, "N-Nitro-
sothiazolidine, *N-Nitrosothiazolidine-4-carboxylic
acid, Predictive value of tests, Structure-activity rela-
tionship.
PB90-111592/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
Regional Patterns of Sulfur Retention in Water-
sheds of the Eastern U.S. Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
B. P. Rochelle, and M. R. Church. C1987,15p EPA/
600/J-87/490
Pub. in Water, Air and Soil Pollution, v36 p61-73 1987.
Sponsored by Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
Retention of sulfur(S) was estimated in watersheds of
the Eastern U.S. by calculating S input-output budgets
for 678 lake and reservoir watershed systems in the
Northeast (NE), 98 lake and reservoir and 61 stream
systems of the Southern Blue Ridge Province (SBRP)
and 56 stream systems of Shenandoah National Park
(SNP). Budgets were determined based on estimates
of deposition and output (as surface water) for each of
the sites. A variety of estimates of total S deposition
were used. Percent S retention is high for sites in the
SBRP and SNP but is distributed around zero for sites
in the NE. These findings lend support to the hypothe-
sis that patterns exist in S retention relative to the
extent of the Late Wisconsinan glaciation. (Copyright
(c) 1987 by D. Reidel Publishing Company.)
Keywords: "Watersheds, "Sulfur, "Site surveys, Acidi-
fication, Lakes, Reservoirs, Streams, Deposition, Air
pollution, Air water interactions, Numerical analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Surface water runoff. Re-
prints, "Eastern Region(United States), 'Regional
analysis, "Water pollution sampling, "Land pollution,
Wet methods, Dry methods.
PB90-111600/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Computer-Automated Structure Evaluation of An-
tileukemic 9-Anilinoacridines. Journal article.
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH. Dept. of
Chemistry.
G. Klopman, and O. T. Macina. c1987,22p EPA/600/
J-87/488
Grant EPA-R-812264
Pub. in Molecular Pharmacology, v31 p457-476 1987.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC., and Office of Naval Re-
search, Arlington, VA.
The computer-automated structure evaluation (CASE)
program has been applied to the evaluation of antileu-
kemic (L1210) and toxic activities of an extensive
series of 9-anilinoacridines. Major molecular frag-
ments relevant to the respective biological end-points
were automatically generated and incorporated within
equations used to estimate the degree of activity. Cor-
relations of these activating/inactivating fragments
with the biological activities are discussed. (Copyright
(c) The American Society for Pharmacology and Ex-
perimental Therapeutics.)
Keywords: "Antineoplastic agents, "Acridines, "Phar-
macology, Tables(Data), Deoxyribonucleic acids, In
vitro analysis, Reprints, "Leukemia L1210, "9-Anilinoa-
cridines, "Computer automated structure
evaluation(CASE), Structure-activity relationship,
~ose-reponse relationships, Predictive value of tests.
PB90-111618/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Computer Automated Structure Evaluation of
Oulnolone Antibacterial Agents. Journal article.
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH. Dept. of
Chemistry.
G. Klopman, O. T. Macina, M. E. Levinson, and H. S.
Rosenkranz. C1987,12p EPA/600/J-87/487
Grant EPA-R-812264
Pub. in Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, v31
n 11 p1831 -1840 Nov 87. Sponsored by Health Effects
Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The Computer Automated Structure Evaluation
(CASE) program was used to study a series of quino-
lone antibacterial agents for which experimental data
pertaining to DNA gyrase inhibition as well as MICs
against several strains of gram-positive and gram-neg-
ative bacteria are available. The result of the analysis
was the automatic generation of molecular fragments
relevant to the respective biological endpoints. The
potential significance of these major activating-inacti-
vating fragments to the biological activity is discussed.
(Copyright (c) 1987 American Society of Microbiology.)
Keywords: "Pharmacology, Tables(Data), Reprints,
Anti-infective agents, "Quinolones, "DNA gyrase,
"Computer automated structure evaluation(CASE),
Structure-activity relationship, Predictive value of
tests.
PB90-111626/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Uptake, Distribution and Metabolism of Four Or-
ganic Chemicals by Soybean Plants and Barley
Roots. Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
C. McFarlane, C. Nolt, C. Wickliff, T. Pfleeger, and R.
Shimabuku. C1987,12p EPA/60O/J-87/489
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Toxicology and Chemis-
try, v6 P847-856 1987. Prepared in cooperation with
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY., and Oregon State Univ.,
Corvallis.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The uptake of bromacil, dichlorobenzonitrile (DCBN),
nitrobenzene (NB) and dinitrobenzene (DNB) was
studied in isolated barley roots and mature soybean
plants. The uptake rate constants for soybean plants
were in the order of 0C8N = bromacil < N6 < DNB.
The same pattern was evident for the root tissue test,
except for DNB. Metabolism of the (14)C-labeled
chemicals indicated that DCBN was metabolized in the
leaves but not in the roots. DNB was metabolized in
the roots, and bromacil remained primarily as parent
compound. A method for obtaining uptake rate con-
stants is described.
Keywords: 'Soybean plants, 'Plant metabolism,
•Barley plants, Nitrobenzenes, Reprints, 'Pharmaco-
kinetics, Environmental effects, Bromacil, Dichloro-
benzonltrile, Dinitrobenzenes, Root absorption.
: Treatment of C.I. Disperse
PB90-111642/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Aerobic and Anaerobic'
Blue 79. Volume 1.
Radian Corp., Milwaukee, Wl.
D. A. Gardner, T. J. Holdsworth, G. M. Shaul, K. A.
Dostal, and L. D. Betowski. Oct 89,117p EPA/600/2-
89/051 A
Contract EPA-68-03-3371
See also PB90-111659. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction En-
gineering Lab.
The study was conducted to determine the fate of C.I.
Disperse Blue 79, one of the largest production
volume dyes, and select biodegradation products in a
conventionally operated activated sludge process and
an anaerobic sludge digestion system. A pilot study
was conducted from November 1987 to February
1989. The equipment operated included two continu-
ous feed pilot-scale wastewater treatment systems,
consisting of one control system and one experimental
system. Screened, raw municipal wastewater fed to
the experimental treatment system was dosed with a
target concentration of 5 mg/L of active ingredient in
the commercial formulation of C.I. Disperse Blue 79.
The control system was fed only the screened, raw
municipal waste-water. After acclimation and steady
state conditions were reached, samples from each
system were analyzed for the dye and related com-
pounds. Volume I of the report presents the results re-
garding: the affect of the addition of C.I. Disperse Blue
79 on the operation of an activated sludge system and
an anaerobic digester; the fate of the dye in the treat-
ment systems; and the detection of any degradation
products in the systems. Volume II contains the raw
data.
Keywords: *Azo dyes, 'Activated sludge, 'Sludge di-
gestion, 'Waste water treatment, Biodeterioration, An-
aerobic processes, Aerobic processes, Metabolism,
Municipalities, Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), *C.I. Dis-
perse Blue 79, Environmental fate.
PB90-111659/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Aerobic and Anaerobic Treatment ot C.I. Disperse
Blue 79. Volume 2. Appendices.
Radian Corp., Milwaukee, Wl.
D. A. Gardner, T. J. Holdsworth, G. M. Shaul, K. A.
Dostal, and L. D. Betowski. Oct 89,117p EPA/600/2-
89/051 B
Contract EPA-68-03-3371
See also PB90-111642. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction En-
gineering Lab.
The study was conducted to determine the late of C.I.
Disperse Blue 79, one of the largest production
volume dyes, and select biodegradation products in a
conventionally operated activated sludge process and
an anaerobic sludge digestion system. A pilot study
was conducted from November 1987 to February
1989. The equipment operated included two continu-
ous feed pilot-scale wastewater treatment systems,
consisting of one control system and one experimental
svstem. Screened, raw municipal wastewater fed to
the experimental treatment system was dosed with a
target concentration of 5 mg/L of active ingraiienit in
the commercial formulation of C.I. Disperse Blue 79.
The control system was fed only the screened, raw
municipal waste-water. After acclimation and steady
state conditions were reached, ^mples from each
system were analyzed for the dye and related com
pounds. Volume I of the report presents the results re-
garding: the affect of the addition of C.I. Disperse Blue
79 on the operation of an activated sludge system and
an anaerobic digester; the fate of the dye in the treat-
ment systems; and the detection of any degradation
products in the systems. Volume II contains the raw
data.
Keywords: "Azo dyes, "Activated sludge, "Sludge di-
gestion, 'Waste water treatment, Biodeterioration, An-
aerobic processes, Aerobic processes, Metabolism,
Municipalities, Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), 'C.I. Dis-
perse Blue 79, Environmental fate.
PB90-111733/HSU	PC A18/MF A03
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Estimating and Valuing Morbidity In a Policy Con-
text: Proceedings of June 1989 AERE (Associa-
tion of Environmental and Resource Economists)
Workshop. Held In Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina on June 8-9,1989.
Association of Environmental and Resource Econo-
mists, Washington, DC.
Aug 89,420p EPA/230/08-89/065
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Policy, Planning and Eval-
uation, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin-
istration, Rockville, MD.
Eleven papers were prepared for distribution prior to
the June 1989 AERE Workshop, held in Research Tri-
angle Park, North Carolina, on the topics of how to es-
timate changes in morbidity and how to assign values
to the estimated changes in morbidity. The papers on
estimating health effects range from comparing animal
studies to epidemiological studies, to specific applica-
tions with respect to air pollution and skin cancer from
sunlight. The valuation papers range from conceptual
examinations of alternative methodologies to practical
application of cost-of-illness and willingness-to-pay
approaches.
Keywords: "Morbidity, "Value engineering, Air pollu-
tion, Skin cancer, Graphs(Charts), Meetings,
Tables(Data), Diseases, Cost analysis, "Public policy,
'Public health.
PB90-112475/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Inhibition of Mouse Hepatocyte Intercellular Com-
munication by Phthalate Monoesters. Journal arti-
cle.
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
J. E. Klaunig, R. J. Ruch, A. B. DeAngelo, and W. H.
Kaylor. c1988,9p EPA/600/J-88/428
Pub. in Cancer Letters, v43 p65-71 Dec 88. Prepared
in cooperation with Medical Coll. of Ohio at Toledo.
A series of straight and branched chain phthalate mon-
oesters were examined for their effects on hepatocyte
intercellular communication in male B6C3F1 mouse
hepatocytes. Intercellular communication was deter-
mined autoradiographically following the passage and
incorporation of (5-(3)H)uridine nucleotides from pre-
labeiled hepatocytes into nonlabelled hepatocytes. In-
tercellular communication was evaluated in hepato-
cytes after 8 hours treatment of straight and branched
chain phthalate esters at sublethal concentrations.
Straight chain phthalate monoesters
(mono(ethyl)phthalate, mono(n-butyl)phthalate,
mono(n-hexyl)phthalate, mono(n-octyi)phthalate,
mono(n-nonyl)phthalate	and
mono(isononyl)phthalate) had no effect on hepatocyte
intercellular communication. Branched chain phthalate
monoesters that contained an ethylalkyl moiety
(mono(2-ethylpropyl)phthalate,	mono(2-
ethylbutyl)phthalate, mono(2-ethylpentyl)phthalate
and mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate) inhibited intercellu-
lar communication. These results show a structure-ac-
tivity relationship in the ability of phthalate monoesters
to Inhibit intercellular communication in mouse hepato-
cytes. Based upon previous correlations between inhi-
bition of intercellular communication In hepatocytes
and hepatocarcinogenicity, these data suggest that
branched chain phtnalate esters may be liver carcino-
gens in male B6C3F1 mice. (Copyright (c) 1988, Else-
vier Scientific Publishers Ireland, Ltd")
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Liver, Mice, Cells(Biology),
Reprints, 'Intercellular junction, 'Phthalic acid esters,
Dose-response relationships, Structure-activity rela-
tionship, Carcinogenicity tests.
PB90-112533/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Aquatic Test Systems for Studying the Fat* of
Xenobiotlc Compounds.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
C. R. Cripe, and P. H. Pritchard. 1989,52p EPA/600/
D-89/133, GULF BREEZE CONTRIB-670
Presented at the American Society for Testing and Ma-
terials (ASTM) Symposium on Use of Plants for Toxici-
ty Assessment (1st), Atlanta, GA., April 19-20,1989.
A variety of test systems, including microcosms, have
been developed to provide information on the fate of
test compounds. Suggestions are given for selection
of test systems with emphasis on the simplest system
that will provide the most relevant and necessary infor-
mation. Shake-flask tests are recommended for pro-
viding degradation rate information and assessing the
significance of environmental factors on degradation.
Intact core microcosm systems are proposed for stud-
ies of a limited number of processes that cannot be ex-
amined in shake-flasks.
Keywords: 'Aquatic microbiology, Exposure, Field
tests, Sediments, Degradation, Graphs(Charts), Toxic-
ity, "Xenobiotics, 'Environmental fate, Biodegradation.
PB80-112541/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Cleaning of Flue Gases from Waste Combustora.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
T. G. Brna. Aug 89,29p EPA/600/D-89/132
Presented at the International Congress on Toxic
Combustion Byproducts (1st): Formation and Control,
Los Angeles, CA., August 2-4,1989.
The paper addresses flue gas cleaning processes cur-
rently used commercially in waste combustion facili-
ties. It also discusses the operating concepts of dry,
semi-dry, and wet processes, and their effectiveness
In controlling various pollutants. Air pollutants from the
combustion of hazardous and municipal wastes which
may require control include acid gases, organic com-
pounds, heavy metals, and particulate matter. Diy,
semi-dry, and wet processes are available to control
these classes of gaseous pollutants. The process that
represents the optimum solution depends on many
factors, including type of waste/fuel, targeted pollut-
ants and the desired level of control for each, toc&tton
of combustion unit, and residue disposal restrictions.
The combustion of hazardous and municipal waste
can effectively destroy targeted substances and
reduce waste volume, thus extending the useful life of
existing landfills. In addition, combustion may serve
the beneficial conversion of waste to energy, such as
for heating, cooling, or electrical energy applications.
These benefits, however, are accompanied by the
emission of air pollutants that require post-combustion
controls in order to meet regulatory requirements.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Waste disposal,
'Hazardous materials, "Incinerators, "Flue gases, Or-
ganic compounds, Particles, Acids, Combustion effi-
ciency, Scrubbers, "Municipal wastes, Energy source
development, Dry methods, Wet methods, Heavy
metals.
PB90-112558/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab
Minimization of Transient Emission* from Rotary
Kiln Incinerators.
Arizona Univ., Tucson. Dept. of Chemical Engineerina
P. M. Lemieux, W. P. Linak, J. A. McSoriey, J. 0. L
Wendt, and J. E. Dunn. 1989,26p EPA/600/D-89/131
Contract EPA-68-02-4701
Presented at International Congress on Toxic Com-
bustion Byproducts: Formation and Control (1st), Los
Angeles, CA., August 2-4,1989. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Arkansas Univ., Fayetteville. Dept of Mathe-
matical Sciences. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses combining experimental result
from a pilot-scale rotary kiln incinerator simulator with
a theoretical model in order to explore the potential of
minimizing transient emissions through changes in Win
rotation speed and temperature, steady state oxygen
enrichment, and oxygen enrichment in a dynwtfc
mode. Results indicate that transient organic emial
sions can indeed be minimized by changes In thea*
kiln operating parameters but, because of the comoiev
interactions of physical and chemical procesaes con-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
trolling emissions, the appropriate abatement proce-
dures must be implemented carefully. Transient emis-
sions of organics occur from rotary kiln incinerators
when drums containing liquid wastes bound on sor-
bents are introduced in batches. Physical processes
controlling the release of waste from the sorbent mate-
rial are greatly affected by the rotation speed and tem-
perature of the kiln. Local partial pressure of oxygen in-
fluences the rate of oxidation of the puff formed inside
the kiln. These physical and chemical phenomena can
be used to control transient emissions by oxygen en-
richment, where it is done in either a steady or a dy-
namic mode.
Keywords: 'Incinerators, *Air pollution control, "Air
pollution abatement, 'Kilns, 'Organic compounds,
Pilot plants, Performance evaluation, Mathematical
models, Sorbents, Dynamics, Systems engineering,
Speed control, Temperature, 'Liquid waste disposal,
Oxygen enrichment.
PB90-112566/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Urban Storm-Induced Discharge Impacts: U.S. En-
vironmental Protection Agency Research Pro-
§ram Review.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
R. Reld, and R. E. Pitt. 1989,12p EPA/600/D-89/130
Conference on Urban Storm Water Quality and Effects
upon Receiving Waters (2nd), Wageningen, the Neth-
erlands, September 20-22,1989. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Alabama Univ., Birmingham.
Fecal coliform bacteria (and pathogens), high flow
rates, sediment, toxic heavy metals and organic pollut-
ants are most commonly associated with urban receiv-
ing water problems. Most beneficial uses have been
shown to be adversely affected by urban runoff, includ-
ing shell fish harvesting, fish and aquatic life propaga-
tion, drinking water supplies, aesthetics and recrea-
tion. Most of the problems occur over long periods of
time and are not associated with individual runoff
events, making cause and effect relationships difficult
to study. The storm and Combined Sewer Program of
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has spon-
sored several long-term research projects to investi-
gate these problems, along with data reviews to identi-
fy urban runoff problems from available information.
Current research efforts are stressing sources and
controls for toxicants in urban runoff.
Keywords: 'Research projects, 'Water quality man-
agement, 'Water pollution control. Storm sewers,
Combined sewers, Reviews, Flow rates, Sediments,
Organic compounds, Potable water, Water supply,
Recreation, Coliform bacteria, 'US EPA, 'Urban hy-
drology, 'Toxic substances, 'Storm water runoff,
Water pollution effects(Animals), Pathogens.
PBSO-112574/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Air and Waste Management Association, Pittsburgh,
PA.
United States Environments) Protection Agency's
Stratospheric Ozone Research Program.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
R. C. Worrest. 16 Jun 89.18p EPA/800/D-89/129
Sponsored by Air and Waste Management Associa-
tion, Pittsburgh, PA.
A major consequence of decreasing the ozone layer is
an increase in tne transmission of UV-B radiation (290-
320nm) to the surface of the earth. Researchers nave
identified many potentially serious effects of increased
exposure to Uv-B radiation on the environment and
human health. They include: effects on agricultural
crops, trees, and marine organisms, and damage to
the human immune system, eyes (cataracts), and skin
(cancer). Depletion of the ozone layer also contributes
to materials damage and affects ground-level air qual-
ity. To assess the consequences of depletion of the
ozone layer scientists and policy makers need infor-
mation on the nature and magnitude of effects result-
ing from exposure to UV-B radiation. The information is
critical to establishing responsible regulations and miti-
gation options.
Keywords: 'Research projects, 'Stratosphere, 'Solar
ultraviolet radiation, Depletion, Exposure, Reflations,
Air pollution, Assessments, Ecology, Public health,
'US EPA, 'Ozone layer, Air quality, Mitigation.
PB90-112S82/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Consumers' Association, London (England).
Effects of Ultravlolet-B Radiation on Terrestrial
Plants and Marine Organisms.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
R. C. Worrest, and L. D. Grant. 1989,13p EPA/600/D-
89/128
Sponsored by Consumers' Association, London (Eng-
land).
In assessing the impact of increased exposure to UV-B
radiation (290-320 nm) for crops and terrestrial eco-
systems, it must be recognized that existing knowl-
edge is in many ways deficient. Despite uncertainties
resulting from the complexities of field experiments,
the data presently available suggest that crop yields
are potentially vulnerable to increased levels of solar
UV-B radiation. Existing data also suggest that in-
creased UV-B radiation will modify the distribution and
abundance of plants, and potentially change ecosys-
tem structure. Unfortunately, neither a quantitative nor
a qualitative prediction of how these ecosystems might
be altered can be determined from the current knowl-
edge base. For components of marine ecosystems,
vanous experiments have demonstrated that UV-B ra-
diation causes damage to fish juveniles, shrimp larvae,
crab larvae, copepods, and plants essential to the
marine food web. These damaging effects include de-
creased fecundity, growth, survival, and other reduced
functions in these organisms.
Keywords: 'Ultraviolet radiation, 'Plants(Botany),
'Marine biology, *02one, Yield, Survival, Growth, Fe-
cundity, Farm crops, Reprints, 'Biological radiation ef-
fects, Dose-response relationships, Aquatic ecosys-
tems, Terrestrial ecosystems.
PB90-112590/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Center for Environmental Information, Rochester, NY.
Linkages between Climate Change and Strato-
spheric Ozone Depletion.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
R. C. Worrest, K. D. Smythe, and A. M.Tait. 1989,14p
EPA/600/D-89/127
Prepared in cooperation with Science and Policy Asso-
ciates, Inc., Washington, DC. Sponsored by Center for
Environmental Information, Rochester, NY.
Two primary areas link the issue of stratospheric
ozone depletion to global climate change: atmospheric
processes and ecological processes. Atmospheric
processes establish a linkage through the dual roles of
certain trace gases in promoting global warming and in
depleting the ozone layer. me primary radiatively
active trace gases are carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide,
chlorofluorocarbons, methane, and tropospheric
ozone. In the troposphere, the atmosphere up to 10
miles above the earth's surface, these compounds
function as greenhouse gases. At increased levels
they can contribute to global climate change. Many of
these gases also influence the concentration of ozone
in the stratosphere, the atmospheric layer located be-
tween 10-30 miles above the earth's surface. The dif-
fuse layer of ozone in the stratosphere protects life on
earth from harmful solar radiation. A reduction of the
layer could have very important impacts on the earth's
systems. The second mode of Interaction revolves
around various ecological processes. Physical, chemi-
cal, and biological activities of plants and animals are
affected directly by global climate change and by in-
creased ultraviolet radiation resulting from depletion of
stratospheric ozone.
Keywords: 'Climatic changes, 'Stratosphere, 'Ecolo-
gy, Troposphere, Greenhouse effect, Solar ultraviolet
radiation, Depletion, Air pollution,
Concentration(Composition), 'Ozone layer, 'Atmos-
pheric chemistry, 'Global aspects, Trace contami-
nants, Atmospheric diffusion.
PB90-112608/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Air and Waste Management Association, Pittsburgh,
Scientific Linkages In Qlobal Change.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
P. R. Jutro, R. C. Worrest, and A. C. Janetos. 16 Jun
89,18p EPA/600/D-89/126
Sponsored by Air and Waste Management Associa-
tion, Pittsburgh, PA.
In the atmosphere, certain trace gases both promote
global warming and deplete the ozone layer. The pri-
mary radiatively active trace gases which affect global
warming are carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, chlorofluor-
ocarbons, methane, and tropospheric ozone. In the
troposphere, the atmosphere up to 10 miles above the
earth's surface, these compounds function as green-
house gases. Many of these gases also influence the
concentration of ozone in the stratosphere, the atmos-
pheric layer located between 10-30 miles above the
earth's surface. The diffuse layer of ozone in the strat-
osphere protects life on earth from harmful solar radi-
ation. A reduction of the layer could have very impor-
tant impacts on the earth's systems. Interactions exist
in various ecological processes as well. Physical,
chemical, and biological activities of plants and ani-
mals are affected directly by global climate change
and by increased ultraviolet radiation resulting from
depletion of stratospheric ozone.
Keywords: 'Climatic changes, 'Stratosphere, 'Ecolo-
gy, Solar ultraviolet radiation, Troposphere, Green-
house effect, Depletion, Air pollution,
Concentration(Composition), 'Ozone layer, 'Atmos-
pheric chemistry, Global aspects, Trace contami-
nants, Atmospheric diffusion.
PB90-112616/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Climate Inst., Washington, DC.
Potential Impact of Stratospheric Ozone Deple-
tion on Marine Ecosystems.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
W. C. Worrest, H. Gucinski, and J. T. Hardy. 7 Dec 88,
11 p EPA/600/ D-89/125
Prepared in cooperation with NSI Technology Services
Corp., Corvallis, OR., and Oregon State Univ., Corval-
lis. Dept. of General Science. Sponsored by Climate
Inst., Washington, DC.
As a result of stratospheric ozone depletion, ultravio-
let-B radiation (290-320 nm; UV-B) reaching marine
environments is likely to increase over the next few
decades. Available information suggests that UV-B ra-
diation can have a variety of deleterious effects on
marine ecosystems. The report points out the current
uncertainties in existing information and speculates on
the range of possible effects. The authors hope that
controversial aspects will stimulate discussion and ad-
ditional needed research.
Keywords: 'Stratosphere, 'Marine biology, 'Solar ul-
traviolet radiation, Air water interactions, Depletion,
Assessments, Oceans, Zooplankton, Fisheries,
'Ozone layer, 'Ecosystems, Dose-response relation-
ships .
PB90-112624/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Evaluation of Full Scale Activated Sludge Systems
Utilizing Powdered Activated Carbon Addition
with Wet Air Regeneration.
Weston Services, Inc., West Chester, PA.
K. J. Deeny, J. A. Heldman, and A. J. Condren. 1989,
30p EPA/600/D-89/124
Contract EPA-68-03-3429
Presented at Annual Water Pollution Control Federa-
tion Conference (61st), Dallas, TX., October 2-6,1988.
Prepared in cooperation with Montgomery (James M.)
Consulting Engineers, Inc., Pasadena, CA. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The addition of powdered activated carbon (PAC) to
activated sludge systems is a proven method of
wastewater treatment. Of eleven POTWs in the U.S.
that were designed for PAC use, ten included wet air
regeneration (WAR) for the destruction of secondary
sludge solids and recovery of spent PAC. The eleventh
plant was designed for PAC use on a single pass basis
as have essentially all of the industrial facilities using
this technology. As part of this evaluation, all 11
POTWs were contacted to obtain basic design, O and
M and performance data. Site visits were made to
eight facilities to obtain more detailed information. The
technology factors that were evaluated includiBd efflu-
ent quantity, ash buildup, carbon losses, carbon ana-
lytical methodology, wet air regeneration, recycle load-
ings, operational/design modifications and costs. The
results of the evaluations are presented.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Waste water, 'Water treatment, 'Waste
treatment, "Activated carbon treatment, Potable
water. Sludge disposal, Water quality, Effluents, Per-
formance evaluation. Design standards, Contami-
nants, Solid wastes.
PB90-112832/HSU
PC A03/MF A01
. _	OU	> w 		- .
Strategies for Monitoring the Bacteriological
Quality of Water Supply in Distribution Systems.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
E. E. Geldreich, J. A. Goodrich, and R. M. Clark. 1989,
29p EPA/600/D-89/123
Presented at American Water Works Association
Annual Conference, held in Los Angeles, California on
June 18-22,1989.
Monitoring strategies for characterizing the bacterio-
logical quality of water in the distribution system re-
quire a complete understanding of a variety of interre-
lated aspects that include treated water quality, water
supply retention in storage and infrastructure deterio-
ration in the distribution system. A study of field data
from several water supply utilities was used to highlight
some innovative interpretations of compliance moni-
toring data. Major perceptions include: The use of a 5
percent coliform frequency of occurrence limit high-
lights compliance significance in those situations
where there are clusters ot positive samples contain-
ing less than 4 conforms per 100 mL. Unfortunately,
this presence/absence concept does not provide any
indication of the magnitude of a contamination event.
Keywords: 'Distribution systems, 'Water distribution,
'Bacteria, 'Water pollution, Water supply, Coliform
bacteria, Magnitude, Water storage, Monitoring.
PB90-112640/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Treatment Plant Evaluation during a Waterborne
Outbreak.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
G. S. Logsdon. 1989,52p EPA/600/D-89/122
Presented at ASDWA/EPA Workshop on Investigation
of Waterborne Disease Outbreaks, Denver, CO., Octo-
ber 11-13,1988.
If a waterborne disease outbreak is the result of prob-
lems at a treatment plant, a thorough and careful eval-
uation of both process equipment and operating pro-
cedures is needed. The evaluation should be done in a
series of actions, explained in the paper. A thoughtful
investigation involves checking records at the water
utility and perhaps other sources, reviewing conditions
ot equipment, basins, etc., making informed judgments
on probable efficacy of processes as they are function-
ing, and checking on procedures being applied by the
operating staff. Many papers have been written con-
cerning proper design and operation of water filtration
plants and disinfection facilities. The manuscript cites
numerous references that provide guidance on appro-
priate ways to upgrade and operate treatment plants.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Potable water, 'Sani-
tary engineering, 'Public health, Contaminants, Bacte-
ria, Quality assurance, Performance evaluation.
PB90-112657/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Research In Waste Minimization: EPA's (Environ-
mental Protection Agency's) Perspective.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
I. J. Licis, M. L. Apel, and L. M. Brown. Aug 89,24p*
EPA/600/D-89/121
Presented at AlChE (American Institute of Chemical
Engineers) Summer National Meeting, Philadelphia,
PA., August 20-23,1989.
Reducing the generation of industrial and other wastes
can be achieved in many ways. Process chemistry can
be changed, potential waste streams can be recycled
within a manufacturing process or back into the proc-
ess; process technology and/or equipment can be
modified to produce products more efficiently, result-
ing in less waste; changes in raw materials (feed-
stocks) can lead to fewer waste streams or less-haz-
ardous waste streams; finally changes in the end prod-
ucts from manufacturing operations can, in some in-
stances, be made so as to affect the types and quanti-
ties of wastes emitted. EPA's waste minimization re-
search development and demonstration programs de-
scribed in the paper address several of these issues.
Keywords: 'Research projects, 'Waste disposal,
'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial wastes, Perform-
ance evaluation, State government, Local govern-
ment, National government, Assessments, 'US EPA,
'Waste management, 'Waste utilization, 'Pollution
abatement, 'Waste recycling, Solid waste abatement,
Liquid wastes, Waste Reduction Innovative Technolo-
gy Evaluation Program, Technology utilization.
PB90-112665/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Cost Evaluation of Controlling Selected Organic
Compounds In Drinking Water by Packed Tower
Aeration and GAC (Granular Activated Carbon).
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
J, Q. Adams, and R. M. Clark. 1989,44p EPA/600/D-
89/120
Proceedings of American Water Works Association
Engineering and Construction Symposium Annual
Conference, Los Angeles, CA., June 18-22,1989.
The paper focuses on a preliminary cost analysis com-
paring liquid-phase Granular Activated Carbon treat-
ment versus Packed Tower Aeration treatment includ-
ing provision for air emissions control. The sensitivity
of cost to variations in design and operation variables
is also discussed.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Potable water, 'Micro-
organism control(Water), 'Cost analysis, Aeration, Air
pollution control, Stripping(Distillation), Separation,
Contaminants, Comparisons, Graphs(Charts).
PB90-112764/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Discussion Summary; Application of Biotechnol-
ogy to the Systematica and Monitoring of Blocon-
trol Agents. Symposium paper.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. Y. Kawanishi, and B. C. Hemming. 1989, 7p EPA/
600/D-89/149
Prepared in cooperation with Monsanto Agricultural
Co., St. Louis, MO. Technology Div.
The report is a general discussion of the application of
biotechnology to the systematics and monitoring of mi-
crobial agents used in biotechnology. Present conven-
tional methods such as microscopy, selective media,
marker utilization, etc., were described. Two newer
methods, rRNA sequencing and DNA amplification
techniques were described and their usefulness in
identifying) and monitoring microbes used in biotech-
nology discussed. These were concluded to be the
most useful new techniques. Automated methods for
bacteria identification and quantification were dis-
cussed. These methods were shown to be in need of
adaptation to agricultural agents. The relevance of
these methodologies is to the Agency's regulation of
biotechnology products.
Keywords: 'Deoxyribonucleic acids, 'Bacteria, Entero-
bacteriaceae, 'Biotechnology, 'Gene amplification,
'Ribosomal RNA.
PB90-112772/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Research and Development.
Electrostatic Potential Analysis of Debenzo-p-
dioxlns and Structurally Similar Systems In Rota-
tion to Their Biological Activities.
New Orleans Univ., LA. Dept of Chemistry.
P. Politzer, and J. S. Murray. 1989,37p EPA/600/D-
89/148
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Research and De-
velopment.
of substituent groups are taken into account, there are
clearly hundreds of possibilities. These have varying
degrees of toxicity, ranging from virtually none to very
high; the latter is exemplified by the notorious 2,3,7,8-
tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, II).
Keywords: 'Electrostatics, 'Biochemistry, Chemical
reactions, GD agent, GB agent. Reprints, *Dibenzo-p-
dioxins, 'Binding sites, Cytosol, Structure-activity rela-
tionship.
PB90-112780/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Genetic Activity Profiles In the Testing and Eval-
uation of Chemical Mixtures.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
M. D. Waters, L. D. Claxton, H. F. Stack, A. L. Brady,
and T. E. Graedel. 1989,34p EPA/600/D-89/147
Pub. in the Proceedings of the Workshop on Experi-
mental and Epidemiologic Applications to Risk As-
sessment of Complex Mixtures, Espoo, Finland, May
14-17, 1989. Prepared in cooperation with Environ-
mental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Research
Triangle Park, NC., and A.T. and T. Bell Labs., Murray
Hill, NJ.
Some knowledge of the potential genetic activity of a
complex environmental mixture may be gained from an
assessment of the genetic activity of its component
chemicals. The expanded Genetic Activity Profile
(GAP) data base provides a computer-generated
graphic representation of genetic bioassay data as a
function of dose of the substance tested. In addition,
the Atmospheric Chemical Compound (ACC) data
base contains information on chemical structures,
properties, detection methods and sources of chemi-
cals found in ambient air. Using the combined data
bases, information on the quantity of an individual
chemical present within a mixture or fraction of a mix-
ture may be related to the quantity (lowest effective
dose, LED) of the chemical required to demonstrate a
positive response in one or more genetic bioassays.
Keywords: Bioassay, Salmonella typhimurium, 'Toxic
substances, 'Mutagenicity tests. 'Carcinogenicity
tests, Data bases, Dose-response relationships.
PB90-112798/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Ualng Genetic Bioas-
says.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
J. Lewtas. 1989,31p EPA/600/D-89/146
Environmental monitoring has evolved over the last
ten years toward providing data more useful for expo-
sure and risk assessment. The objective of many mon-
itoring studies in the 1960s and 1970s was to monitor
concentrations of pollutants including environmental
mutagens at ambient locations, such as roof tops and
in large bodies of water, where the pollutants would be
well mixed and represent a homogeneous sample. In
the 1980s, a number of studies focused on assessing
the emission of mutagens from various sources. Now
the emphasis has shifted to monitoring human expo-
sure to environmental mutagens and to understanding
which sources and factors lead to increased exposure
and potential cancer risk. The chapter briefly reviews
advances in genetic bioassay methods for environ-
mental monitoring and focuses on approaches to inte-
grating genetic bioassay methods with environmental
monitoring studies.
The electrostatic potential V(r) that is created In the
space around a molecule by its nuclei and electrons is
a rigorously defined property that is useful in analyzing
ana predicting the reactive behavior of molecules, and
the study of biological recognition processes, such as
drug-receptor ana enzyme-substrate interactions. The
chapter discusses methodology as related to both
types of applications of the potential, and then focuses
on a study in the area of molecular recognition involv-
ing the analysis of the electrostatic potentials of di-
benzo-p-dioxins and structurally similar molecules. Di-
benzo-p-dioxin(l) is the parent compound of a large
family of derivatives, having halogens and other substi-
tuents at various positions. Considering only chlorine
as a substituent, there are seventy-five possible de-
rivatives of I. When bromine, fluorine, and other types
Keywords; 'industrial wastes, Exposure, Salmonella
typhimurium, Potable water, Bioassay, Reprints, 'Envi-
ronmental monitoring, 'Mutagenicity tests, *Air pollu-
tion effects(Humans), 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), Risk assessment.
PB90-112806/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Concept of Activity Profiles of Antimutagene.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. D. Waters, A. L. Brady, H. F. Stack, and H. E.
Brockman. 1989,34pEPA/600/D-89/145
Proceedings of International Conference on Mecha-
nisms of Antimutagens and Anticarcinogens <2ncn
held in Ohito, Japan on December 4-9,1 gee. Prepared
in cooperation with Environmental Health Research
and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC., and itu!
nois State Univ., Normal. Dept of Biological Sciences
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Experimental evidence suggests that chemical muta-
genesis and carcinogenesis are related phenomena
such that identification of causative agents and protec-
tion from exposure might prevent certain human can-
cers and related diseases. Agents that inhibit the proc-
esses of mutagenesis and carcinogenesis, particularly
naturally occurring agents, might be expected to exert
a primary protective effect. The paper considers the
use of short-term bioassays to identify antimutagenic
and anticarcinogenic substances and to classify them
(cf. Mutation Res. 168 (1986) 47-65) according to the
locus of their protective influence, i.e., intracellular or
extracellular, and putative mechanism(s) of action. In
the extracellular environment, inhibition of formation or
uptake of mutagens and inactivation of promutagenic
species are examples of antimutagenic mechanisms.
Intracellularly, antimutagenic substances have been
described as 'scavengers' of radicals, 'blocking
agents' (involving at least 3 different mechanisms),
and "suppressing agents'. Additional intracellular
mechanisms include alterations in DNA repair proc-
esses and/or modification of the genotoxic response
to the mutagen/carclnogen.
Keywords: 'Pharmacology, 'Antineoplastic agents,
Bioassay, Salmonella typhimurium, 'Carcinogenicity
tests, 'Mutagenicity tests, Structure-activity relation-
ship, DNA damage, DNA repair.
PB90-112814/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Toxicology and Aging: Is There
Cause (or Concern.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R L. Cooper, J. M. Goldman, and T. J. Harbin. 1989,
10p EPA/600/D-89/144
Prepared In cooperation with NSI Technology Services
Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC., and Veterans Ad-
ministration Medical Center, Durham, NC.
The elderly population of the United States is growing
much more rapidly than the population as a whole and
there is increasing awareness that the greater number
of elderly will present new social, economical and polit-
ical concerns. Moreover, expanding research in basic
gerontology and geriatric medicine has shown that in
the aged there is increased vulnerability to a number of
'stressors', including those imposed on the Individual
from the environment. However, the extent to which
the elderly individual is more susceptible to toxic ef-
fects following either acute or chronic exposure to po-
tentially hazardous environmental compounds re-
mains to be determined. The chapter sets the stage by
reviewing population dynamics and the evidence that
the elderly may be a sensitive subpopulation due to
age-related changes in physiological function and al-
tered responsiveness to stress. The chapter also em-
phasizes the need for further research and the role of
advanced age in the assessment of health risks.
Keywords: "Aging(Biology), 'Geriatrics,
Stress(Physiology), Reprints, ^Environmental pollu-
tion 'Biological effects, Risk assessment.
PB90-112822/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Extrapolation Modeling; Advancements and Re-
starch Issues in Lung Dosimetry.
Duke Univ., Durham, NC.
F J Miller, E. D. Smolko, and J. D. Crapo. 1989,23p
EPA/600/D-89/143
Grant EPA-R-813113
Proceedings of Extrapolation of Dosimetric Relation-
ships for Inhaled Particles and Gases, 1989. Spon-
aored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
One of the great challenges in environmental medicine
is to define more accurately the adverse health effects
Hkely to be encountered by exposures to these pollut-
ants, since reducing exposure to zero is not politically
and economically achievable. For many common pol-
lutants, accurate extrapolations from animal toxicology
studies to humans and from short-term to long-term
chronic effects are essential. Extrapolation models
which can be verified and have characteristics that can
be generalized across classes of pollutants offer the
only feasible approach for obtaining the data needed
to assess effects of large number of pollutants in the
environment. Physical testing of the acute and chronic
affects in multiple animal species for large numbers of
different pollutants is not an economically realistic ap-
proach. The conference has focused on oxidant air
ollutants and modeling of the respiratory system,
hese are areas in which some of the most extensive
data bases exist in the relatively young field of extrapo-
lation modeling. The successful development of effec-
tive new models requires a combined input from cre-
ative investigators in a broad number of fields. One of
the primary purposes of the conference was to assem-
ble these types of investigators in a forum that could
focus future research efforts in areas of common inter-
est and facilitate the development and testing of better
extrapolation models.
Keywords: 'Lung, 'Toxicity, 'Dosimetry, Exposure,
Respiration, 'Air pollution effects(Humans), Mucous
membrane, Species specificity.
PB90-112830/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Delayed Reproductive Effects Following Expo-
sure to Toxic Chemicals during Critical Develop-
mental Periods.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park NC
L. E. Gray. 1989,56p EPA/600/D-89/150
The studies presented in the review indicate that perin-
atal exposure of the fetal or neonatal rodent to a toxi-
cant can adversely affect reproductive development,
reduce fertility and accelerate reproductive senes-
cence. In rodents and humans exposure to DES, estro-
gens, androgens and progestins during critical devel-
opmental periods produce morphological and patho-
logical alterations of the reproductive tract of males
and females. DES treatment causes cancer, infertility
and serious morphological abnormalities of the repro-
ductive tract in all species examined.
Keywords: 'Reproduction(Biology), Morphology, Pa-
thology, Androgens, Estrogens, Progestational hor-
mones, Rodents, Humans, Males, Females, 'Toxic
substances, Prenatal exposure delayed effects, Dieth-
ylstilbestrol.
PB90-113077/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Performance of Emissions Control Systems on
Municipal Waste Combustors, 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
T. G. Brna, M. G. Johnston, C. E. Riley, and C. C.
Masser. 1989,20p* EPA/600/D-89/116
See also PB89-130447. Presented at the Annual
Meeting of the Air and Waste Management Associa-
tion, Anaheim, CA., June 25-30,1989.
The paper discusses the performance of emissions
control systems on municipal waste combustors
(MWCs). Regulations for MWCs are being developed
by EPA under Section 111 of the Clean Air Act. To sup-
port this effort, data on gaseous pollutant emissions
from MWCs and emissions control by flue gas cleaning
systems are being collected and evaluated. Several
EPA-supported field tests on modem MWCs have
been performed and are reported here. The results are
reported in terms of acid gas, trace organic, trace
heavy metal, and particulate reductions for units with
lime spray dryer/fabric filter (SD/FF) and lime spray
dryer/electrostatic precipitator (SD/ESP) controls.
Both control technologies achieved over 90% removal
of HCI in the four tests reported. The three SD/FF sys-
tems removed 99% of the entering chlorinated diox-
ins/furans. The SD/ESP achieved 62% removal of the
entering dioxins/furans. Metals (except mercury) and
particulate control by the SD/FF systems was greater
than 98%; however, similar measurements were not
made for the SD/ESP system.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control equipment, 'Inciner-
ators, Performance evaluation, Combustion efficiency,
Flue gases, Acids, Particles, Organic compounds,
Spray diving, Electrostatic precipitators, 'Municipal
wastes, Clean Air Act, Pollution regulations. Fabric fil-
ters, Heavy metals.
PBM-113085/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Computer-Automated Sequence Evaluation of
Peptides: Application to the Study of Snake
Venom Toxicity. Journal article.
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH. Dept. of
Chemistry.
G. Klopman, and R. E. Venegas. C1989,17p EPA/
600/D-89/136
Grant EPA-R-812264, Contract N0014-85-K-0090
Pub. in Biocatalysis and Biomimetrics: ACS Symposi-
um Series, n392 p52-64 1989. Sponsored by Health
Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.,
and Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA.
A modified version of the Computer Automated Struc-
ture Evaluation (CASE) program has been successfully
applied to the study of the neurotoxic and cytotoxic ac-
tivity of the snake venom toxins. The program identi-
fied the sites that seem to be the most relevant to the
activity of these two classes of peptides. The knowl-
edge of the three dimensional structure of these pep-
tides together with the relevant fragments selected by
the CASE program helped to clarify the differences be-
tween the activity of each type of toxin. (Copyright (c)
1989 American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Peptides, Reprints, 'Snake
venoms, 'Amino acid sequence, 'Neurotoxins, Struc-
ture-activity relationship, Computer automated struc-
ture evaluation(CASE).
PB90-113093/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
EPA/ORD (Environmental Protection Agency/
(mice of Research and Development) Role and
Perspective In Sediment Research.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
N. A. Thomas. 1989,13p EPA/600/D-89/135
Most chemical contaminants and organic wastes in
aquatic ecosystems eventually accumulate in sedi-
ments where they may adversely affect the benthic
biota, become a source of contamination in the water
column, accumulate in biological tissues, and enter pe-
lagic and human food chains. Contaminated sedi-
ments now appear to be the main source of toxic pol-
lutants in many bays, lakes, and rivers. Because of
their potential adverse impacts, the long periods of
time associated with natural assimilation of many in-
place pollutants, and the high costs of mitigation, sedi-
ments have become a focus of concern Tor many of
EPA's research and regulatory programs. Programs in
which sediment quality assessments are currently re-
quired include ocean dumping, NEPA review, Super-
fund, and estuarine protection. The documents ad-
dresses regulatory applications, current and future
sediment quality criteria needs, and both chemical
specific and nonchemical specific sediment quality
evaluations. Mitigation/prevention of sediment quality
problems are identified and five kinds of predictive
methods are suggested, as well as future research to
develop more sensitive testing capabilities.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Research projects, 'Water
pollution, Forecasting, Waste disposal, Assessments,
Dredging, Benthos, Estuaries, Surface waters, Toxici-
ty, 'US EPA, 'Sediment-water interfaces, Environ-
mental monitoring, Environmental transport, Toxic
substances, Pollution regulations, Mitigation, Super-
fund program, Ocean waste disposal, Pollution abate-
ment.
PB90-113101/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Dredged Material Effects Assessment Single-
Species Toxicity/Bloaccumulation and Macro-
benthos Colonization Testa.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
P. R. Parrish, J. C. Moore, and J. R. Clark. 1989,9p
EPA/600/D-89/134
Proceedings of Oceans 89, held in Seattle, Washing-
ton on September 14-15, 1989.
Toxicity tests and bioaccumulation tests conducted
according to methods established by the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency/Corps of Engineers in 1977
have been used to evaluate potential environmental
impacts of ocean disposal of dredged materials. As-
sessments of potential impacts based on results of
currently recommended single-species tests were
compared with results from macrobenthos coloniza-
tion tests of dredged material from three harbors in the
Gulf of Mexico and two in the Atlantic Ocean.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Dredging, 'Waste disposal,
Oceans, Comparison, Water analysis, Aquatic animals,
Chemical analysis, 'Environmental impacts, 'Macro-
benthos, 'Environmental monitoring.
PB90-11311S/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Wetland Creation and Restoration: EPA's (Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency's) Research Pro-
gram and Investigation of an Extensive Sampling
Approach to Comparing Created and Natural Wet-
lands. Symposium paper.
NSI Technology Services Corp., Corvallis, OR.
M. E. Kentula. 1989,12p* EPA/600/D-89/114
Contract EPA-68-C8-0006
Presented at Society for Ecological Restoration and
Management Annual Meeting held in Oakland, Califor-
nia on January 16-20, 1989. Sponsored by Corvallis
Environmental Research Lab., OR.
The increased use of wetland creation or restoration
as compensation (or losses permitted under Section
404 of the Clean Water Act has focused attention on
the efficacy of this practice. The U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency's Wetlands Research Program is
studying wetland creation. Research is underway to
synthesize knowledge on wetland creation and resto-
ration; describe trends and patterns in Section 404
permitting; and compare created and naturally occur-
ring wetlands. The comparisons o1 created and natural
wetlands were designed to develop standard methods
that could be used to quantitatively describe wetlands
nationwide with known accuracy, precision, and com-
parability. An extensive sampling approach, i.e., sam-
pling of populations of wetlands, was chosen to in-
crease the limited general knowledge on created wet-
lands. Created and natural sites were characterized
through measurements of biological, physical, and
chemical parameters. Results from these studies will
be used to generate hypotheses to be tested using an
intensive sampling approach, i.e., experiments per-
formed at a limited number of sites.
Keywords: 'Ecology, Trends, Comparison, Sampling,
Population growth, Site surveys, Oregon,
Washington(State), Florida, Connecticut, 'Wetlands,
'Environment management, 'Land management,
*Land restoration, Clean Water Act, Man environment
interactions.
PB90-113127/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
What Can Biological Monitoring Tell Us about the
Environmental Health of Aquatic Ecosystems.
Symposium paper.	.
NSI Technology Services Corp., Corvallis, OR.
R. M.Hughes. 1969,21pEPA/600/D-89/113
Contract EPA-68-C8-0006
Proceedings of International Symposium on the
Design of water Quality Information Systems, held in
Fort Collins, Colorado on June 7-9, 1989. Sponsored
by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Biological monitoring offers a proven, cost-effective
way to evaluate the health of aquatic ecosystems. Ma-
croinvertebrates have been sampled for many years,
but only recently have rigorous multfmetric indices
been suggested for them. These indices have not yet
been tested as widely as the IBI. Quantitative biologi-
cal data from relatively undisturbed reference sites
typical of aquatic ecoregions provide benchmark infor-
mation, hence these sites serve as 'controls' in 'ex-
periments' with anthropogenic perturbations. The in-
formation can be used to evaluate data for a particular
site of interest or, if a representative sample is drawn,
for entire ecoregions. The paper focuses on biological
monitoring because of the current emphasis on chemi-
cal monitoring; it is not meant to suggest that chemical,
physical habitat, and toxlcological monitoring are val-
ueless. Rather, quantitative criteria developed from all
four types of monitoring are necessary tools for im-
proved water resource regulation and management.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Site surveys, Water quality,
'Aquatic ecosystems, 'Environmental quality, 'Biolog-
ical indicators.
PB90-113135/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Ecosystem Responses to Increases In Solar Ultra-
• " —""-ii— exnunAfiinm nanar
r. OdMieo, ¦ .. V--•
6PA/600/D-69/108
Presented at Air and Waste Management Association
Annual Meeting and Exhibition, (82nd), held in Ana-
heim, California on June 25-30, 1980. Sponsored by
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems represent com-
plex, interconnected assemblages of organisms which
interact with each other and their physical environ-
ment. An understanding of how ecosystems will re-
spond to subtle changes in the environment, as would
occur under stratospheric ozone depletion, will require
that consideration be given both to the direct effects
on specific organisms and the indirect effects mediat-
ed by species interactions, such as competition and
herbivory. The few examples of indirect effects dis-
cussed in the paper serve mainly to point out the need
for this broader approach to the question of how ele-
vated UV-B irradiation will affect terrestrial and aquatic
ecosystems.
Keywords: 'Ultraviolet radiation, 'Ozone, Exposure,
"Aquatic ecosystems, 'Terrestrial ecosystems, Envi-
ronmental impact, Radiation effects, Chlorofluorocar-
bons.
PB90-113143/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Statistical Issues for Seedling Studies In Air Pollu-
tion Research. Symposium paper.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
C. E. Peterson. 28 Sep 88,10p EPA/60O/D-89/110
Proceedings of the IUFRO (International Union of For-
estry Research Organization) Air Pollution Confer-
ence. Interlaken, Switzerland, October 2-8, 1988,
P496-498. Prepared in cooperation with NSI Technolo-
gy Services Corp., Corvallis, OR.
Since seedlings represent future forests, they are an
important population for exposure studies. The experi-
mental conditions for seedling studies cover a wide
range of treatment combinations, facilities, and expo-
sure regimes. The experimental utilization of experi-
mental studies with tree seedlings requires the appro-
priate design and statistical concepts employed with
any population response study. These issues are re-
viewed for their relevance to exposure studies and
contribution toward studies of forest/tree response to
pollutants. In order to realize the potential strengths of
these studies and further enhance the intrinsic value of
seedling research, the planning of experiments should
include both the relevant population ot interest and an
explicit definition (a priori) of all response variables and
covariates. The experimental designs should provide
for pretreatment measurements, repeated measures
within growing seasons, and treatments or measure-
ments which span more than one growing season.
Keywords: "Statistical analysis, 'Forestry,
'Trees(Plants), Experimental design, Exposure, Plant
growth, Specimens(Statistics), 'Air pollution
effects(Plants), 'Seedlings, Dose-response relation-
ships.
PB90-113150/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Sensitivity of Important Western Conifer Species
to S02 and Seasonal Interaction of Acid Fog and
Ozone. Symposium paper.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
W. E. Hogsett, D. T. Tingey, C. Hendricks, and D.
Rossi. 1989,32p EPA/600/D-89/111
Presented at 'Transactions' Symposium on the Effects
of Air Pollutants on Western Conifers, Annual Meeting
AWMA (Air and Waste Management Association),
Anaheim, CA., June 28-30,1989. Prepared in coopera-
tion with NSI Technology Services Corp., Corvallis,
OR.
The increased concern for forest health and the role of
anthropogenic deposition, including acidic/wet depo-
sition and gaseous air pollutants, has led to the need
to understand which forest species face the highest
risk from atmospheric deposition. In order to address
this issue for the Western U.S., a number of important
western conifer species have been assessed with
regard to seedling growth response to each of three
different deposition scenarios likely to occur in the
Western U.S. The exposure scenarios include acid fog
(fall-winter)/ozone (summer) in a seasonal interaction
of each pollutant over the year, acid fog only in fall-
winter exposure, or S02 gaseous pollutant over the fall
and winter months. Seasonal occurrence of the pollut-
ants, rather than concurrent pollutant combinations,
represent a realistic exposure scenario for much of the
climatic conditions of the coastal Western U.S. and the
Cascade and Sierra foothills. Five species were select-
ed for study based on economic and ecological impor-
tance in the West. These included Douglas-fir, ponder-
osa pine, todgepole pine, western hemlock, and west-
ern red cedar. Douglas-fir and ponderoaa pine seed-
ling sensitivity was assessed as a growth response
over two growing seasons, including the spring follow-
ing the previous year's pollutant exposure. The various
responses to the exposure scenarios for the first
year's study are reported here. The study was repeat-
ed a second year, and these results are briefly dis-
cussed.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Sensitivity, 'Softwoods, Western
United States, Graphs(Charts), Seasonal variations,
'Air pollution effects(Plants), 'Acid fog, Environmental
effects, Environmental exposure.
PB90-113168/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Sampling and Analysis Methods for Ambient PM-
10 Aerosol. Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
T. G. Dzubay, and R. K. Stevens. 21 Aug 89,39p EPA/
600/D-89/115
The chapter provides information to design a measure-
ment program to obtain ambient aerosol data for use in
receptor models. Other chapters in the book show how
receptor models are used in air quality management
and how species concentrations are used in receptor
models. Methods are described for obtaining ambient
PM-10 aerosol data for use in these receptor models.
Characteristics of PM-10 sampling devices, filter
media and laboratory analysis procedures are de-
scribed. The latter included x-ray fluorescence, neu-
tron activation, optical spectroscopy, pyrolysis, ion
chromatography and colorimetry. It is shown that
some combinations of filter medium, sampler and anal-
ysis method are incompatible, and information is pre-
sented so that incompatibility can be avoided. Meas-
urement artifacts for ionic species and annular den-
uder systems lor avoiding them are described.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, 'Samplers, 'Particle sizes. Per-
formance evaluation, Concentration(Composition),
Gas analysis, X ray fluorescence, Neutron activation
analysis, Optical spectrometers, Pyrolysis, Chromato-
graphic analysis, Colorimetric analysis, *Air pollution
sampling, 'Air pollution detection, Air quality display
model, 'Air quality data, Environment management
PB90-113176/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Source Reduction as an Option tor Municipal
Waste Management.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
H. M. Freeman. 1989,32p' EPA/600/D-89/117
Effective source reduction strategies depend upon
solid planning and the setting of reasonable goals. The
paper reviews source reduction programs and outlines
options that might be considered by those considering
source reduction as a strategy for addressing various
components in the municipal solid waste stream.
'Source reduction' is a term used to describe tectv
niques, strategies, and technologies that eliminate or
reduce the volume or toxicity of waste materials. It is
the first element in the widely cited waste management
hierarchy that is proposed by the EPA and others as
guidance for an effective waste management system.
Source reduction may occur through the design and
manufacture of products and packaging with minimum
volume ot material and for a longer useful life. Source
reduction may also be practiced at the corporate or
household level through selective buying habits and
reuse of products and materials. Effective source re-
duction slows depletion of environmental resources,
prolongs the life of available waste management ca-
pacity and can make combustion and land-milng of
wastes safer in the short and long term by removing
toxic constituents.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, Sources, Guidelines.
Earth fills, Design criteria, Toxicity, Public opinion!
State government, Urban areas, 'Municipal wastes!
'Solid waste management, 'Pollution abatement
'Source reduction, Waste utilization, Waste recycling
Incineration, Comprehensive planning.
PBM-113184/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Seed Germination and Root Elongation Toxlcitv
Tests In Hazardous Waste Sits Evaluation: Math,
ods Development and Applications. Symposium
paper,
Corvallis Environmental Resesrch Lab., OR.
G. Under, J. C. Greene, H. Ratsch, J. Nwosu, and &
Smith. 1989,34p EPA/600/D-89/109
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Presented at Symposium on Use of Plants in Toxicity
Assessment (1st), Atlanta, GA., April 16-21,1989. Pre-
pared in cooperation with NSI Technology Services
Corp., Corvallis, OR.
Seed germination tests measure soil toxicity directly,
while root elongation tests consider the indirect effects
of water-soluble constituents which may be present in
site-samples. In the seed germination toxicity test, site-
soil is mixed with a reference soil to yield exposure
concentrations into which test seeds are planted. Ger-
mination is evaluated after a five-day exposure, and ef-
fective concentrations associated with a 50% reduc-
tion in seed germination are calculated. Root elonga-
tion tests evaluate site-soil eluates. Here seeds are
placed onto moistened filter paper which lines Petri
dish exposure chambers; exposure chambers are then
covered and incubated in complete darkness for five
days. Inhibition of root elongation is calculated as an
EC50 (exposure concentration which yields a 50% re-
duction in root length relative to controls) upon termi-
nation of the test.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Germination, *Plants(Botany),
'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Mutagenicity
tests, 'Soil pollutants, Superfund program, Environ-
mental monitoring.
PBflO-113192/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Application and Assessment of Neurobehavloral
Screening Methods in Rats.
NSI Technology Services Corp., Research Triangle
Parte, NC.
V. C. Moser. 1989,29p EPA/600/D-89/139
Presented at the International Symposium on Neuro-
behavioral Methods in Occupational and Environmen-
tal Health (3rd), Washington, DC., December 12-15,
1988. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
The majority of chemicals present in the environment
have not received adequate testing to determine their
neurotoxic potential. Thus, the US EPA has prepared
guidelines for neurotoxicity testing for both new and
existing chemicals. Based on these guidelines, a core
battery of tests to assess the behavioral and neurologi-
cal integrity of laboratory rats was developed for use in
the primary screening of chemicals. The study system-
atically applies the FOB and MA to characterize known
neurotoxicants and to assess sensitivity, reliability, se-
lectivity, and specificity of the tests. The FOB includes
home-cage and open-field observations, and neuro-
muscular, sensorimotor, and physiological measures.
MA is measured in an automated photocell device
(figure-eight maze). The tests have been demonstrat-
ed to be sensitive to a variety of neurotoxicants, and
profiles of effects can be established to distinguish be-
tween them. The data provide important information
on the feasibility and interpretation of functional eval-
uations in the hazard identification of neurotoxic
chemicals.
Keywords: 'Animal behavior, Graphs(Charts),
Tabies(Data), 'Motor activity, 'Neurotoxins, Tests,
Risk assessment. Dose-response relationships.
PB90-113200/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Regulation of Sperm Nuclear Reactivation during
Fertilization.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
par<< NC.
SD'pamault. 1989,13p EPA/600/D-89/142
Symposium on Fertilization in Mammals, held in
Newton, Massachusetts on August 1-5,1989.
Upon fusion of sperm and oocyte at fertilization, a
of events is initiated whereby the highly com-
oocted sperm nucleus expands and is transformed
Into a male pronucleus capable of DNA synthesis. The
regulation of these early post-fusion fertilization events
hasbeen studied using in vitro fertilization and sperm
microinjection methods. It was learned that the first
•teo in reactivation of the mammalian sperm nucleus is
ZZ&ction of sperm protamine disulfide bonds by the
oocyte This step is modulated by glutathione, the
teuels of which increase during oocyte maturation and
correlate with the relative sperm decondensing activity
of oocytes at different developmental stages. Once
sufficient protamine disulfide bonds have been re-
leased the sperm chromatin becomes accessible to
oocyte factors that induce its decondensation, which is
dependent upon the type of protamine present, a spe-
cies specific characteristic.
Keywords: 'Germ cells, 'Animal husbandry, 'Fertility,
'Deoxyribonucleic acids, Protamines, Histones, Mam-
mals, Glutathione, *DNA replication, Oocytes, Species
specificity, Autoradiography.
PB90-113218/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Effects of Turbulence and Electrohydrodynamlcs
on the Performance of Electrostatic Precipitators.
Journal article Jun 87-May 88.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
T. Yamamoto. C1989,14p EPA/600/J-89/128
Pub. in Jnl. of Electrostatics, v22 p11 -22 1989. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Re-
search Lab.
The article discusses numerical simulations of the tur-
bulent diffusion equation coupled with electrohydro-
dynamlcs (EHD), carried out for plate-plate and wire-
plate electrostatic precipitators (ESPs). Local particle
concentration profiles and fractional collection effi-
ciencies were evaluated as a function of three dimen-
sionless parameters: the electric Peclet number, the
EHD number, and the reduced particle migration ve-
locity. The collection efficiency for the wire-plate ESP
is significantly lower than for the plate-plate ESP. For
the wire-plate ESP, when the turbulent diffusion coeffi-
cient is less than 0.001 sq m/s, collection efficiency is
not affected by any turbulence of EHD level. However,
when the turbulent diffusion coefficient exceeds this
critical value, collection efficiency drops sharply, re-
gardless of the values of the EHD number and particle
migration velocity. The critical turbulent diffusion coef-
ficient of the plate-plate ESP is higher (0.005 sq m/s),
indicating that collection efficiency is less sensitive to
turbulence. The results emphasize the importance of
controlling the quality of flow characteristics in the
ESP.
Keywords: 'Electrohydrodynamlcs, 'Electrostatic pre-
cipitators, 'Turbulence, Atmospheric diffusion, Air cir-
culation, Dust collectors, Air pollution control equip-
ment, Air cleaners, Clear air turbulence, Fluid dynam-
ics, Numerical analysis, Reprints.
PB90-113226/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Temperature Dependency of Skin Permeation of
Waterbome Organic Compounds. Journal article.
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Coll. of Pharmacy.
W. E. Jetzer, S. Y. E. Hou, A. S. Huq, N. Duraiswamy,
and N. F. H. Ho. C1988,8p EPA/600/J-88/429
Grant EPA-R-809229
Pub. in Pharmaceutica Acta Helvetiae, v63 n7 p197-
201 Oct 88. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
In vitro mouse skin permeation studies were carried
out under imposed temperature gradients across the
diffusion cell. The permeation rates were obtained
from appearance kinetics, using a newly designed,
closed, water-jacketed and internally magnetically
stirred diffusion cell. The cell was set up with two baths
so that the temperature could be programmed to vari-
able patterns to simulate possible environmental con-
ditions in an attempt to approximate the conditions of
absorption of waterbome pollutants out of a reservoir
at a non-physiologic temperature and into another 37
C reservoir representing the human body. Permeation
rates decreased with decreased temperature but were
far higher in non-isothermal studies than rates meas-
ured under isothermal conditions at the lower tempera-
tures. Since the stratum comeum acts as the principal
barrier to permeation and is in contact with the donor
medium, the donor side temperature should have the
greatest effect on rates, which it did in these studies.
However, measured decreases In permeation when
the donor temperature was less than 37 C indicate that
either the surface temperature of the skin is apprecia-
bly higher than the bulk donor temperature or diffusion
in lower strata has measurable impact on rates, or
both.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, *Skin(Anatomy),
Toxicity, Mice, Reprints, 'Water temperature, 'Water
pollution effects(Animals), 'Cell membrane permeabil-
ity, Risk assessment.
PB90-113234/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Correlations of the Protozoa, 'Cryptosporidium'
and 'Qlardla', with Water Quality Variables In a
Watershed. Journal article.
Arizona Univ., Tucson. Dept. of Microbiology and Im-
munology.
J. B. Rose, H. Darbin, and C. P. Gerba. c1989,8p
EPA/600/J-88/430
Grant EPA-R-813536
Pub. in Water Science and Technology, v20 n11-12
p271-276 Dec 88. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A watershed in the western United States was sur-
veyed biweekly for a year for the protozoa Cryptospori-
dium and Giardia. Parasite samples were collected
using filtration of 200-1000 L of water, eluted by wash-
ing the filter, concentrated and clarified with density
gradients. Oocyst and cysts were detected using mon-
oclonal antibodies, in a direct or indirect immuno-
fluorescent assay. From 39 samples, Cryptosporidium
and Giardia were detected in 20 and 12 of the sam-
ples, respectively, and oocyst concentrations were ap-
proximately 10 times higher than cyst levels. Conform
levels ranged from 0.12 to 75 CFU/100 ml while fecal
coliform levels were slightly lower. Giardia concentra-
tions were significantly correlated to Cryptosporidium
concentrations with an r value of 0.778, significant at
the 99% confidence level. No other correlations were
observed between Giardia and total or fecal conforms
or turbidities nor between Cryptosporidium levels and
total or fecal coliforms or turbidities. Neither bacterial
indicator organisms nor turbidity are reliable predictors
for the absence of enteric protozoa in the study water-
shed. (Copyright (c) 19891AWPRC.)
Keywords: 'Giardia, 'Water quality, 'Aquatic microbi-
ology, Watersheds, Coliform bacteria, Surveys, Corre-
lations, Reprints, 'Crytosporidium, Monoclonal anti-
bodies, Oocytes, Cyst, Immunofluorescence technics.
PB90-113242/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Sorption of Toxic Organic Compounds on
Wastewater Solids: Correlation with Fundamental
Properties. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. A. Dobbs, L. Wang, and R. Govind. c1989,8p EPA/
600/J-89/124
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v23
n9 p1092-1097 1989. Prepared in cooperation with
Cincinnati Univ., OH.
Sorption of toxic organic compounds on primary,
mixed-liquor, and digested solids from municipal
wastewater treatment plants has been correlated with
octanol/water partition coefficients and with modified
Randic indexes. The correlations developed are useful
for assessing the role of sorption in the treatment of
toxic or hazardous compounds in conventional biologi-
cal wastewater treatment plants. Correlations devel-
oped provide a basis for predicting the concentration
of toxic compounds associated with wastewater solids
at a given equilibrium concentration in the aqueous
phase. Organics in sludge can impact anaerobic diges-
tion, land spreading, incineration and ocean dumping
of sludges. Estimates of the concentration of toxics in
sludge allows assessment of the impact of toxics on
sludge disposal options. (Copyright (c) 1989 American
Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Waste water, 'Hazardous substances,
'Organic compounds, 'Water treatment, Sludge,
Waste disposal, Sediments, Sorption, Correlation, Re-
prints, 'Sewage treatment effluents. Toxic materials.
PB90-113259/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Influence of Alternate Electron Acceptors on the
Metabolic Fate of Hydroxy be nzoat* Isomers In
Anoxic Aquifer Slurries. Journal article.
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Dept. of Botany and Micro-
biology.
E. P. Kuhn, J. M. Sufiita, M. D. Rivera, and L. Y. Young.
C1989,12p EPA/600/J-89/125
Grant NSF-ECE86-06143
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v55
n3 p590-598 Mar 89. Prepared in cooperation with
New York Univ. Medical Center, NY. Dept. of Microbi-
ology. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Re-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
search Lab., Ada, OK., and National Science Founda-
tion, Washington, DC.
The biodegradation of hydroxybenzoate isomers was
investigated with samples obtained trom two sites
within a shallow anoxic aquifer. The metabolic fates of
the substrates were compared in denitrifying, sulfate-
reducing, and methanogenic incubations. Under the
latter two conditions, phenol was detected as a major
intermediate of p-hydroxybenzoata, but no metabolites
were initially found with m- or o-hydroxybenzoate.
However, benzoate accumulation was noted when
metabolic inhibitors were used with these samples. All
metabolites were identified by chromatographic mobili-
ty, mass spectral profiles, or both. Autoclaved controls
were uniformly incapable of transforming the parent
substrates. These results suggest that the anaerobic
fate of hydroxybenzoate isomers depends on the rela-
tive substitution pattern and the prevailing ecological
conditions. Furthermore, since these compounds are
central metabolites formed during the breakdown of
many aromatic chemicals, these findings may help
provide guidelines for the reliable extrapolation of met-
abolic fate information from diverse anaerobic environ-
ments. (Copyright (c) 1989, American Society for
Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Biodeterioration, 'Electron acceptors,
'Aquifers, Metabolism, Oxygen, Liquid chromatogra-
phy, Mass spectroscopy, Reprints, 'Hydroxybenzoate,
•Aerobic bacteria, Methanogenic bacteria, Isomerism.
PB90-113267/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Septic Tank Setback Distances: A Way to Mini-
mize Virus Contamination of Drinking Water. Jour-
nal article.
California Univ., Riverside. Dept. of Soil and Environ-
mental Sciences.
M. V. Yates, andS. R. Yates. c19S9,10p EPA/600/J-
89/126
Pub. in Ground Water, v27 n2 p202-208 Mar/Apr 89.
See also PB88-112115. Prepared in cooperation with
Agricultural Research Service, Riverside, CA. Salinity
Lab. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Re-
search Lab., Ada, OK.
Septic tanks are the most frequently reported causes
of contamination in ground-water disease outbreaks
associated with the consumption of untreated ground
water in the United States. The placement of septic
tanks is generally controlled by country-wide or state-
wide regulations, with little consideration given to the
local hydrogeologic, climatic, and land-use conditions,
using the travel time necessary to achieve a seven-
order-of-magnitude reduction in virus number as the
criterion, a wide range of septic tank setback distances
(from less than 15 m to greater than 300 m) were cal-
culated for a part of the Tucson Basin. The study
makes use of disjunctive kriging to calculate the condi-
tional probabilities associated with the setback dis-
tance estimates. The results are presented in two dif-
ferent ways: given a setback distance (e.g., prescribed
by law) the probabilities that the level of viruses will be
within acceptable limits are calculated; and the desired
probability level is specified (e.g., 90%) and the set-
back distances required to achieve that level of confi-
dence that the water will be free of virus contamination
are calculated. The methods have potential for use by
local government officials for land-use planning pur-
poses.
Keywords: 'Septic tanks, 'Public health, 'Ground
water, 'Water quality, Position(Location), Planning,
Site surveys, Contamination, Diseases, Sewage treat-
ment, Reprints.
PB90-113275/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Sorption of Volatile Organic Solvents from Aque-
ous Solution onto Subsurface Solids. Journal arti-
cl©
Illinois State Water Survey Div„ Savoy. Hazardous
Waste Research and Information Center.
M. D. Piwoni, and P. Banerjee. c1989,19p EPA/600/J-
89/127
Pub in Jnl. of Contaminant Hydrology, v4 n2 p163:179
Apr 89. Prepared in cooperation with PRC Environ-
mental Management, Inc., Chicago, IL. Sponsored by
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
In the paper, the authors present sorption data for se-
lected organic solvents on several subsurface materi-
als. The goals of the study were to advance the quali-
tative understanding of sorption of four widely-used or-
ganic solvents from aqueous solution onto natural sor-
bents with low f(sub oc) and to attempt to more quanti-
tatively define a mineral component to that sorption.
The ultimate objective was to facilitate a sound basis
for predicting transport behavior of dissolved solvents
in aquifers. The work first focused on characterizing
PCE sorption on samples obtained primarily from two
semi-continuous subsurface cores, and then on sorp-
tion of four nonpolar organic solvents on three saturat-
ed zone sorbents with low organic carbon content.
(Copyright (c) 1989 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.)
Keywords: 'Organic solvents, 'Aquifers, 'Sorbents,
'Materials tests, Surface properties. Sorption, Carbon,
Isotherms, Hydrology, Reprints, 'Volatile organic com-
pounds, 'Environmental transport, 'Water pollution
effects(Materials), Eihene/tetrachloro.
PB90-113283/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
Photographic Method for Visibility Monitoring.
Journal article.
Sonoma Technology, Inc., Santa Rosa, CA.
L. W. Richards, M. Stoeiting, and Ft. G. M.
Hammarstrand. c1989,7p EPA/600/J-89/123
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v23
n2 p182-186 1989. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmos-
pheric Sciences Research Lab.
A visibility monitoring method is described in which
photographs are taken at two distances from a scene
and the data are reduced to determine the atmospher-
ic transmittance and path radiance for the sight path
between the two cameras. Data from the magenta-
forming layer of color slide film are used to determine
the transmittance and path radiance for green light,
and these results are compared with transmittance
data for the same sight path measured by teleradio-
meters and by a transmissometer. A film calibration
method which makes it possible to determine ra-
diances from film densities is described. It is recom-
mended that the radiance calibration data and time of
the photograph be recorded on each frame to mini-
mize the need for special film handling and for auxiliary
data records. (Copyright (c) 1989, American Chemical
Society.)
Keywords: "Monitoring, 'Photography, 'Atmospheric
density, 'Visibility, Optical properties, Optical density,
Transmissivity, Transmittance, Light scattering, Light
transmission, Reprints, 'Air quality.
PB90-113291/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
In-sltu Stabilization/Solidification of PCB (Poly-
chlorinated Biphenyls)-Contamlnated Soil.
Foster Wheeler Enviresponse, Inc., Edison, NJ.
S. Sawyer, and M. K. Stinson. 1989,13p EPA/600/D-
89/119
Contract EPA-68-03-3255
Presented at International Conference for New Fron-
tiers for Hazardous Waste Management (3rd), held in
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on September 10-13,1989.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
An evaluation was performed of the International
Waste Technologies HWT-20 additive and the Geo-
Con, Inc. deep-soil-mixing equipment for an in situ sta-
bilization/solidification process and its applicability as
an onsite treatment method for waste site cleanup. A
demonstration was held at a General Electric Co. elec-
tric service shop in Hialeah, Florida which provided the
bulk of the information for the technology evaluation.
Conclusions were reached concerning the technol-
ogy's suitability for use in cleanups of various contami-
nants and at different locations: immobilization of poly-
chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) appears likely, although
due to low leachate concentrations for botn the treat-
ed and untreated soils, a result of the low soil concen-
trations encountered in most of the tests, it cannot be
confirmed; heavy metals can probably be immobilized;
volatile organics can be reduced to low concentrations
in treated soil leachates, but the ability to immobilize is
not clear; a small volume increase on the order of
magnitude of 5%-10% can be expected; the solidified
material shows satisfactory physical properties, with
high unconfined compressive strengths, moderately
low permeabilities, and satisfactory integrity for the
wet/dry samples, but unsatisfactory integrity for the
freeze/thaw samples; and microstructural results indi-
cate a dense, low-porosity, homogeneous mass, indi-
cating a potential for long-term durability.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Solidification, 'Site
surveys, 'Waste disposal, 'Stabilization, 'Collecting
methods. Cost analysis, Leaching, Addictives, Per-
formance evaluation, Mixers, 'Land pollution, 'Poly-
chlorinated biphenyls, 'Superfund program, 'Interna-
tional Waste Technology, 'Cleanup operations, 'Re-
medial action, Technology utilization, Hialeah(Florida).
PB90-113309/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Detecting Viruses in Water. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. J. Hurst, W. H. Benton, and R. E. Stetler. cSep 89,
12p EPA/600/J-89/122
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association, v81 n9
p71-80Sap89.
Various and divergent approaches that have been
used to concentrate and assay viruses from tap water
and environmental freshwaters are summarized and
briefly explained. The basic principles behind the dif-
ferent methodologies and descriptions of the most
recent developments are emphasized. Comparisons
help demonstrate the relative sensitivities of different
concentration and assay techniques.
Keywords: 'Viruses, "Aquatic microbiology,
Tables(Data), Assaying, Fresh water, Electron micros-
copy, Reprints, "Enteroviruses, Environmental effects,
Drinking water, Nucleic acid hybridization, Affinity chro-
matography, Plaque assay.
PB90-113317/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effects of Epichlorohydrin on Male and Female
Reproduction In Long-Evans Rata. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
G. P. Toth, H. Zenick, and M. K. Smith. C1989,12p
EPA/600/J-89/121
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, v13 p16-
25 1989.
Male and female Long-Evans rats were treated with
epichlorohydrin (ECH) by oral gavage (males: 12.5,25,
and 50 mg/kg/day; females: 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/
day) for 21 and 14 days respectively, prior to mating
trials with untreated animals. Treated females were
further dosed until delivery. Infertility was induced in
males at 50 mg ECH/kg/day, while no measured pa-
rameters of female reproduction were changed rela-
tive to controls. Treated males showed normal copula-
tory behavior. Sperm morphology and percent motile
sperm were not statistically different from control
values in both ejaculated and cauda epididymal sam-
ples from ECH-treated animals. The number of sperm
in ejaculates was normal while cauda epididymal
sperm count was slightly decreased in males at the 50
mg ECH/kg dose level. Mean curvilinear velocity,
straight-line velocity, and the amplitude of lateral hetKj
displacement of cauda epididymal sperm were signifi-
cantly reduced by ECH at 12.5 mg/kg/day. Sperm
track linearity was also reduced, but only at 50 mg/kg/
day. Beat/cross frequency of sperm was significantly
increased at 12.5 mg/kg/day. (Copyright (c) 1989 The
Society of Toxicology.)
Keywords: "Epichlorohydrin, 'Toxicity,
'Reproduction(Biology), Rats, Body weight, Germ
cells, Morphology, Exposure, Animal physiology,
Tables(Data), Reprints, 'Dose-response relationships,
Animal sex behavior, Organ weight
PB90-113325/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Cost and Capability of Technologies for Small
Systems.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
G. S. Logsdon, T. J. Sorg, and R. M. Clark. May 89 34n
EPA/600/D-89/118	H
Presented at Annual Conference of Association of
State Drinking Water Administrators (4th), held in
Tucson Arizona on February 20-23,1989.
Water treatment technology selected by a utilltv
should be able to improve the quality of raw water so
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
that treated water quality meets Maximum Contami-
nant Level and quality goals. It must be affordable to
build. The plant must be affordable to operate and
often must be operated with part-time staff. The proc-
esses selected must not be so complex that engineers
and chemists are required for process control, and
continuing operating costs (materials and energy)
must be reasonable. Treatment processes selected
should be simple and easy to maintain, without an
excess of complicated equipment and monitoring in-
struments. Finally, residues created in treatment
should not present insurmountable problems of man-
agement and disposal.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Portable water, "Water
quality, Sludge disposal. Cost analysis, Sanitary engi-
neering, Operating costs, Industrial plant efficiencies,
Management analysis.
PB90-113333/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Small-Quantlty-Generator Hazardous-Waste Pro-
duction and Management In Florida. Journal article.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
R. C. Herndon, J. E. Moerlins, E. B. Jones, V. W.
Lambou, and J. D. Koutsandreas. c1989,13p EPA/
600/J-89/119
Pub. in Waste Management and Research, v7 pl65-
175 1989. Prepared in cooperation with Florida State
Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Biomedical and Toxico-
logical Research and Hazardous Waste Management.
Data are presented on the production and manage-
ment of hazardous waste by approximately 20,000
small-quantity hazardous-waste generators
(SQHWGs) in the state of Florida. SQHWGs are gen-
erators that produce less than 1000 kg of hazardous
waste in a calendar month. There were approximately
117,000 metric tons of small-quantity-generator
(SWG) hazardous waste produced annually. Included
in the total are over 43,000 tons of waste oils even
though they were not regulated as a hazardous waste
at the time of the survey. Approximately half of the
hazardous waste is managed using the following meth-
ods: recycling, treatment, and disposal in permitted
hazardous-waste-management facilities. However,
large quantities of the SQG hazardous waste are dis-
posed of in sanitary landfills and discharged to public
sewers, facilities not designed to handle hazardous
waste. These data indicate that there are potential en-
vironmental and human-health problems associated
with the management of SQG hazardous waste in Flor-
ida as well as throughout the U.S.A. (Copyright (c)
1989ISWA.)
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Sewers, Florida,
Tables(Data), Waste disposal, Waste treatment, Earth
fills, Local government, State government, 'Waste
management, 'Environmental monitoring, Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act, Waste recycling.
PB00-113341/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Thorlum-230 Dating of Thermal Waters In the Vi-
cinity of the Nevada Test Site. Journal article.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
r W. Holloway, J. T. Carilli, S. H. Faller, C. K. Liu, and
PK. Kuroda. C1989,11p EPA/600/ J-89/120
Pub in Jnl. of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry,
v131 n2 p359-367 1989. Prepared in cooperation with
Nevada Univ., Las Vegas. Environmental Research
Center.
Radiochemical measurements of the concentrations
of thorium and uranium isotopes were carried out for a
total of 10 samples of hot springs, mineral springs and
lakes collected in the vicinity of the Nevada Test Site.
The uranium to thorium ratios in the water samples
were found to be generally much greater than those in
soils and in rainwater. The apparent (230)Th ages cal-
culated from the (230)Th/(232)Th and (234)U/(238)U
ratios for most of these water samples were less than
100 years.
Keywords: "Lakes, *Springs(Water), 'Radioactive age
determination, Quantitative analysis, Ground water,
Radiochemistry, Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), Re-
prints, "Nevada test site, Thermal waters, Thermal
springs, Hot springs, Thorium 230, Thorium 232, Urani-
um 234, Uranium 238.
PB90-113374/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Alr/Superfund National Technical Guidance Study
Series. Volume 1. Application of Air Pathway
Analyses for Superfund Activities. Interim rept.
(Final).
NUS Corp., Gaithersburg, MD.
R. Stoner. Jul 89,118p EPA/450/1-89/001
See also Volume 2, PB89-180053. Prepared in coop-
eration with Radian Corp., Sacramento, CA. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards.
The report is one in a series of manuals dealing with air
pathway analysis at hazardous waste sites. The docu-
ment was developed for the Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards in cooperation with the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response (Superfund). The
document is an interim final manual offering technical
guidance for use by a diverse audience including EPA
Air and Superfund Regional and Headquarters staff,
State air and Superfund program staff, Federal and
State remedial and removal contractors, and potential-
ly responsible parties in analyzing air pathways at haz-
ardous waste sites. The manual provides for flexibility
in tailoring the air pathway analysis to the specific con-
ditions of each site.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Air pollution,
"Waste disposal, Manuals, Sites, Risk, Constraints, Air
pollution control, State government, Mathematical
models, Procedures, Removal, Sources, Superfund,
Air pathway analysis, Remedial action, Cleanup.
PB90-113382/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Alr/Superfund National Technical Guidance Study
Series. Volume 4. Procedures for Dispersion Mod-
eling and Air Monitoring for Superfund Air Path-
way Analysis. Interim rept. (Final).
NUS Corp., Gaithersburg, MD.
A. Roffman, and R. Stoner. Jul 89,309p EPA/450/1 -
89/004
See also Volume 1, PB90-113374. Prepared in coop-
eration with Radian Corp., Sacramento, CA. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards.
The report is one in a series of manuals dealing with air
pathway analysis at hazardous waste sites. The docu-
ment was developed for the Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards in cooperation with the Office of
Emergency and Remedial Response (Superfund). The
document is an interim final manual offering technical
guidance for use by a diverse audience including EPA
Air and Superfund Regional and Headquarters staff.
State Air and Superfund program staff, Federal and
State remedial and removal contractors, and potential-
ly responsible parties in analyzing air pathways at haz-
ardous waste sites. The manual provides for flexibility
in tailoring the air pathway analysis to the specific con-
ditions of each site, the relative risk posed by this and
other pathways, and the program resource constraints.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Waste disposal,
'Air pollution, Dispersion, Manuals, Instruction, Re-
moval, State government, Technical assistance. Math-
ematical models, Sites, Monitoring, Risk, Design, Eval-
uation, Quality control, Superfund, Air pathway analy-
sis, Remedial action.
PB90-113408/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Potential Impact of Stratospheric Ozone Deple-
tion on Marine Ecosystems.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
R. C. Worrest, H. Gucinski, and J. T. Hardy. c1989,12p
EPA/600/D-89/112
Proceedings of North American Conference on Pre-
paring for Climate Change: A Cooperative Approach
(2nd), Washington, DC., December 6-8, 1988. Pre-
pared in cooperation with NSI Technology Services
Corp., Corvallis, OR., and Oregon State Univ., Corval-
lis. Dept. of General Science.
As a result of stratospheric ozone depletion, ultravio-
let-B radiation (200-320 nm; UV-B) reaching marine
environments is likely to increase over the next few
decades. Available information suggests that UV-B ra-
diation can have a variety of deleterious effects on
marine ecosystems. The purpose of the report is to
point to the current uncertainties in existing informa-
tion and to speculate on the range of possitSe effects.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Marine biology, "Ultraviolet radi-
ation, Fisheries, Zooplankton, 'Aquatic ecosystems,
DNA damage, Risk assessment.
PB90-113416/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Computer Automated Evaluation of Mutagenicity
and Carcinogenicity of Selected Polycycllc Aro-
matic Hydrocarbons.
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH.
C. S. Mitchell, G. Klopman, and H. S. Rosenkranz.
C1989,11p EPA/600/D-89/141
Grant EPA-R-812264
Presented at International Symposium on Polynuclear
Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Chemistry, Characterization
and Carcingenesis (9th), Columbus, OH., 1986. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
The mechanisms by which polycyclic aromatic hydro-
carbons (PAHs) induce mutations and cancer have
been the subject of considerable attention for several
years. Various theoretical and experimental models
have been advanced to explain the effects of structur-
al variations on mutagenicity and carcinogenicity.
Among these are the BAY region hypothesis devel-
oped by Jerina and coworkers, the K and L region hy-
potheses first proposed by Pullman and Pullman, the
radical cation hypothesis, and others. One of the most
widely acceptable today is the BAY region hypothesis,
based originally on studies of the carcinogenicity of
benzo(a)pyrene, that finds the epoxide formed in the
BAY region is more carcinogenic than the parent com-
pound itself. This hypothesis has since been extended
to other PAHs, and efforts are underway to identify the
specific physicochemical characteristics of the region
that make it reactive.
Keywords: "Aromatic polycycllc hydrocarbons, Salmo-
nella typhimurium, Reprints, 'Mutagenicity tests, 'Car-
cinogenicity tests, 'Computer automated structure
evaluation(CASE), Structure-activity relationship.
PB90-113432/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
U.S. Progress in Implementing the Great Lakes
Water Quality Agreement: Annex Reports to the
International Joint Commission, 1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
May 89,89p EPA/905/9-89/006, GLNPO-05/89
The report to the International Joint Commission on
Annexes 1, 2, 12, 14, 15, and 16 to the Great Lakes
Water Quality Agreement as one of the Parties signa-
tory to that Agreement. As a progress report. It is
linked in function to the 1988 Report to Congress by
the USEPA, and to the Canadian Report to the IJC.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Great Lakes, Air pollu-
tion, Agreements, Phosphorus, Toxicity, Sediments,
Green Bay, Inventories, Ground water, Water wells,
Sewers, Combined sewers, Canada, United States,
Remedial Action, Recycling, Nonpoint sources.
PB90-113473/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Disjunctive Krlging as an Approach to Manage-
ment Decision Making. Journal article.
California Univ., Riverside. Dept. of Soil and Environ-
monla I an/^ac
S. R. Yates, and M. V. Yates. c1988,8p EP A/600/J-
88/431
Pub. in Soil Science Society of America Jnl., v52 n6
p1554-1558 Nov/Dec 88. Sponsored by Robert S.
Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
Disjunctive kriging is a nonlinear estimation technique
that allows the conditional probability that the value of
a spatially variable management parameter is greater
than a cutoff level to be calculated. The method can be
used in management decision making to help deter-
mine when some reclamation action is necessary. Two
input parameters are required to use the technique: a
cutoff level and the critical probability level. The use of
disjunctive kriging as a decision making tool is illustrat-
ed using the regulation of septic setback distance as a
means for minimizing the contamination of groundwat-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
er by viruses. Two examples are described: given a
setback distance, the spatial distribution of the condi-
tional probability that the virus concentration will be
greater than acceptable levels is calculated; and given
a critical probability level, calculating the spatial distri-
bution of setback distances which satisfy that probabil-
ity level. The study showed that, to be 90% confident
that virus concentrations would be within acceptable
limits, in many areas the setback distance would have
to be severalfold higher than prescribed by current
regulations.
Keywords: "Soil science, 'Hydrology, "Decision
making, Management, Estimating, Septic tanks,
Ground water, Reprints, Disjunctive kriging.
PB90-113481/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Comparative Analysis of the Electrostatic Poten-
tials of Dibenzofuran and Some Dfbenzo-p-diox-
Ins. Journal article.
New Orleans Univ., LA. Dept. of Chemistry.
J. S. Murray, B. A. Zilles, K. Jayasuriya, and P. Politzer.
C1986,6p EPA/600/J-86/515
Pub. in Jnl. of the American Chemical Society, v108 n5
p915-918 1986. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Electrostatic potential maps of dibenzofuran, dibenzo-
p-dioxin, 2,8-dichloro-3,7-demethyldibenzo-p-dioxin,
2,3,7,8-tetrafluorodibenzo-p-dioxin and 2,3,7,8-te-
trachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) are presented and
compared. The biological activities of these molecules
increase from zero tor the first two to very strong for
the highly toxic TCDD. The analysis of the electrostatic
potentials suggests certain key features that may be
necessary for the effective interaction o1 these classes
of compounds with a cytosolic receptor, which is be-
lieved to be the initial step leading to various toxic re-
sponses and other biological activity. (Copyright (c)
1988 American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Electrochemistry, 'Electrostatics, Com-
parison, Reprints, 'Dibenzofuran, *Dibenzo-p-dioxins.
PBSO-113499/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Status of Waterborne Giardiasis Outbreaks and
Monitoring Methods. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH. Toxicol-
ogy and Microbiology Div.
G. F. Craun, and W. Jakubowski. cNov 86,10p EPA/
600/J-86/516
Pub. in Proceedings of International Symposium on
Water-Related Health Issues/American Water Re-
sources Association, Bethesda, MD., pi 67-174 Nov
86.
Ninety waterborne outbreaks and 23,776 cases of
giardiasis were reported in the United States during the
period 1965-1984. These outbreaks occurred primarily
in the northwestern, Rocky Mountain, and northeast-
ern states, and most outbreaks occurred as the result
of consuming contaminated surface water. In many
water systems experiencing an outbreak, the current
coliform standard was not exceeded, and the applica-
bility of the coliform standard in preventing outbreaks
of giardiasis must be reevaluated. Simple disinfection
as the only treatment for surface water sources has
been ineffective in preventing the waterborne trans-
mission of giardiasis, and all surface water should re-
ceive effective filtration in addition to disinfection. Cur-
rently available methods for analysis of Giardia cysts in
water samples depend upon microscopic examination
of sample concentrates. All methods have four basic
steps in common: concentration, purification, detec-
tion, and identification. Variations in procedures for ac-
complishing each of these steps have been reported
but comparative evaluations under controlled condi-
tions with a variety of waters have not been performed.
Existing methods are not suitable for routine monitor-
ing of water supplies in order to satisfy a standard.
Keywords: "Aquatic microbiology, "Water quality,
'Giardia, "Giardiasis, 'Monitoring, Coliform bacteria,
Seasonal variations.
PB90-113523/HSU
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse:
Bibliography of Selected Reports and Federal
Register Notices Related to Air Toxics, Index
1989. Interim rept.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC. Progress
Center.
D. F. Pickett, C. A. Owen, and C. E. Norris. Jul 89, 51 Op
DCN-89-203-099-07-07, EPA/450/3-89/25A
Contract EPA-68-D8-0065
See also PB89-103444. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The purpose of the bibliography is to provide State and
local agencies with citations to reports and Federal
Register notices useful to them in developing and op-
erating air toxics control programs. The reports select-
ed for the bibliography were published by the following
agencies: U.S. EPA, NAS, NCI, NIEHS, NTP, NIOSH,
ATSDR, CPSC, and WHO, including the International
Agency for Research on Cancer. Relevant reports
published by various State and local agencies are also
included in this edition. The edition of the bibliography
updates the cumulative bibliography previously pub-
lished by the National Air Toxics Information Clearing-
house, Bibliography of Selected Reports and Federal
Register Notices Related to Air Toxics, July 1988. The
citations selected for the year were compiled from
sources available through January 31,1989.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Air pollution, "Bibliographies,
Government agencies, Malignant neoplasms, State
government, Local government, Organic chemicals,
Hydrocarbons, Public health, Industrial wastes, Manu-
facturing, Federal Register.
PB90-113531/HSU	PC A10/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse:
Ongoing Research and Regulatory Development
Protects, July 1989. Interim rept.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC. Progress
Center.
C. E. Oldham, C. E. Norris, and S. K. M. Buchanan. Jul
89, 222p DCN-89-203-099-07-05, EPA/450/3-89/26
Contract EPA-68-D8-0065
See also PB89-103428. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The document describes current research and regula-
tory development projects underway at the US EPA,
the National Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry, and State and local agencies. Every effort
has been made to ensure accuracy as of April 1989,
the date that compilation of information was complet-
ed. However, further changes in agency priorities and
funding levels may change the scope and estimated
project completion dates.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "information sys-
tems, "Research projects, Local government,
Sources, Water pollution, "National Air Toxic Informa-
tion Clearinghouse, "Toxic substances, "Pollution reg-
ulations, State programs, Occupational safety and
health, US EPA.
PB90-113606/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Radiation Data: Report 57, Janu-
ary-March 1989. Quarterly rept.
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
Sep 89, 51p EPA/520/5-89/021
See also PB89-224000.
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) contains data
from the Environmental Radiation Ambients Monitor-
ing System (ERAMS). The ERAMS is comprised of na-
tionwide sampling stations that provide air, surface
and drinking water and milk samples from which envi-
ronmental radiation levels are derived. Sampling loca-
tions are selected to provide optimal population cover-
age while functioning to monitor fallout from nuclear
devices and other forms of radioactive contamination
of the environment. The radiation analyses performed
on these samples include gross alpha and gross beta
levels, gamma analyses for fission products, and spe-
cific analyses for uranium, plutonium, stronium, iodine,
radium, krypton, and tritium.
Keywords'. 'Radiation monitoring, 'Ecological concen-
tration, Fallout, Radioecological concentration, Radio-
nuclide migration, Radioactive contaminants. Environ-
mental transport, Air pollution, Water pollution, Drink-
ing water, Milk, Uranium, Strontium, Tritium, Krypton,
Iodine, Plutonium, Tables(Data).
PB90-113762/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Paleoecological Analysis of Lake Acidification
Trends in North America and Europe Using Dia-
toms and Chrysophytes. Draft rept. (Final).
NSI Technology Services Corp., Corvallis, OR.
D. F. Charles, R. W. Battarbee, I. Renberg, H. van
Dam, and J. P. Smol. 1989,113p EPA/600/D-89/106
Contract EPA-68-C8-0006
Pub. in Acid Precipitation, v2 p49-70. Prepared in co-
operation with Indiana Univ., Bloomington, University
Coll., London (England). Palaeoecology Research
Unit, and Umea Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Ecological
Botany. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
Analysis of sediment diatom and chrysophyte assem-
blages is the best technique currently available for in-
ferring past lakewater pH trends; use of this approach
is increasing rapidly. Sediment core inferred pH data
exist for at least 100 lakes in both North America and
Europe. The number will approximately double within
the next two years. The pH inference equations are
based on at least 15 calibration data sets for North
America and 10 for Europe, involving totals of at least
500 and 300 lakes, respectively. Paleoecological stud-
ies indicate that recent acidification has been caused
by acidic deposition. In most cases, the primary cause
of recent acidification trends (post-1850) is atmos-
pheric deposition of acidic material, as opposed to
land use changes or natural processes, though these
may be contributing factors. Acid loading nas de-
creased in some regions since 1970; some lakes have
become less acidic in response, but others continue to
lose buffering capacity and are becoming more acidic.
Many currently acidic lakes were naturally acidic (pH
< 5.5) prior to the onset of anthropogenic acidifica-
tion. These lakes are typically small (<10 ha), located
at moderately high elevations, have thin or peaty soils,
or are located in outwash deposits. Many of these
have acidified further recently.
Keywords: 'Diatoms, 'Lakes, "Acidification, 'Paleoe-
cology, "Europe, "North America, 'Air water interac-
tions, "Chrysophyta, pH, Water pollution, Air pollution,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Sediment, Watersheds,
Trends, Limnology, Acid neutralizing capacity, Acid
PB90-113770/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Use of Quality Control Procedures to Assess
Errors in Measuring Forest Canopy Condition.
Symposium paper.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
S. P. Cline, W. G. Burkman, and C. D. Geron. 1989,
19p EPA/600/D-89/105
Presented at the Effects of Air Pollution on Western
Forests Symposium, Air and Waste Management As-
sociation Annual Meeting (82nd), Anaheim, CA., June
25-30, 1989. Prepared in cooperation with NSI Tech-
nology Services Corp., Corvallis, OR.
Quality control data collected during the measurement
of ponderosa pine canopy cover and sugar maple
crown damage was analyzed. Measurement precision
(root mean square of differences in replicate measure-
ments) of pine canopy cover was high (+or-2.6-4.0%)
was similar for field replicates and laboratory repli-
cates digitized with the same and different f-stops. In
contrast, significant systematic errors can be intro-
duced during certain analyses of hemispherical photo-
graphs. Measurement precision (frequency of remea-
surement within -i-or- 1 class) of maple crown ratings
was high (74-95%), due mainly to crew training prior to
data collection. Precision was highest for branch die-
back and foliage transparency and when remeasure-
ments were done by the same crew. The following pro-
cedures are recommended: implement training prior to
data collection, use consistent methods and reference
materials to control measurement errors during data
collection, and include methods and quality control
data for a basis for evaluating data quality for compa-
rability.
Keywords: "Damage assessment, 'Pine trees, 'Forest
trees, "Air pollution, Maple trees, Measurement, Qual-
ity control, Field tests, Laboratories, Errors, Ratings.
Acidification, Photographs. Mortality, Transparence
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Acid precipitation, Forest Response Program, Tree
canopy.
PB90-113788/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Neurobehavioral Assessment of Workers Ex-
BDsed to Organophosphorus Pesticides.
eaith Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D. Otto, S. Soliman, D. Svendsgaard, A. Soffar, and N.
Ahmed. 1989,38p EPA/600/D-89/151
Pub. in Proceedings of International Symposium on
Neurobehavioral Methods in Occupational and Envi-
ronmental Health (3rd) 1989. Prepared in cooperation
with Alexandria Univ. (Egypt), and Tanta Univ. (Egypt).
School of Medicine.
Workers (N=229) from an Egyptian pesticide formula-
tion plant were screened for signs of organophosphor-
ous induced delayed polyneuropathy. Tests included
lymphocyte neuropathy target esterase (LNTE), serum
cholinesterase, tactile sensitivity, block design (BD)
and Santa Ana Dexterity (SAD) tests. Workers from
fertilizer (N = 181) and textile (N = 186) plants were
tested as controls. A one-year follow-up evaluation of
workers was also conducted. LNTE activity levels of
pesticide formulators were significantly lower than
levels of education (inverse relationships) after con-
trolling for age and LNTE activity. Tactile threshold in-
creased lineally with age. BD and SAD scores did not
vary with LNTE or among plants. Results suggest that
tactile sensitivity testing may provide a useful method
for early detection of peripheral neuropathy in workers
exposed to pesticides.
Keywords: 'Egypt, 'Peripheral nerve diseases, Expo-
sure, Diagnosis, Questionnaires, 'Occupational expo-
sure, 'Neurotoxins, 'Organophosphate insecticides,
Follow-up studies.
PB0O-113945/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act)
Liability Coverage for Bodily ln|ury and Property
Damage Survey Results.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Sep 89,44p EPA/530/SW-89/043
The report describes the results of a 1988 survey of
selected facilities required to comply with third party li-
ability coverage requirements for bodily injury and
property damage pursuant to the Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act (RCRA). The EPA's Office of
Solid Waste conducted the survey to help ascertain
whether firms owning or operating RCRA facilities
which treat, store or dispose of hazardous wastes
have or are experiencing difficulty in obtaining financial
assurance mechanisms, particularly insurance, to
comply with these requirements.
Keywords: 'Insurance, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste
disposal, 'Liabilities, Surveys, Injuries, Damage,
'Toxic substances, 'Third party payers, Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act.
PB90-114349/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Background Concentration of Sulfate In Precipita-
tion along the West Coast of North America. Sym-
posium paper.
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Atmospheric
Sciences.
R. J. Vong. 8 Jun 89,24p EPA/600/D-89/107
Presented at Air and Waste Management Symposium
on the Effects of Air Pollution on Western Forests,
APCA (Air Pollution Control Association) Annual Meet-
ing (82nd), Anaheim, CA., June 29,1989. Sponsored
by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
The pH is not sufficient to characterize the acidity of
precipitation, but rather Its acid-base components
must be described. The chemistry of natural emissions
sources as well as the mechanisms of precipitation for-
mation are key factors in determining the chemistry of
precipitation along the west coast of North America.
With the ocean biota as a source of atmospheric aero-
sol sulfate, it Is expected that this 'background' chem-
istry will be dominated by sulfate. For tne purpose of
the study, 'background' was defined as a remote site
generally upwind of urban areas, with the additional re-
quirement that data with evidence of contamination by
anthropogenic sources be excluded. Data from long
term precipitation monitoring sites along the coasts of
Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia were evalu-
ated to estimate a background sulfate concentration in
precipitation. In addition to screening the data for
charge balance, collection efficiency, and anthropo-
genic influence, the data were corrected for sulfate as-
sociated with sea salt.
Keywords: 'Precipitation(Meteorology), 'Sulfates, 'Air
water interactions, Concentration(Composition), Rain-
fall, Sites, Water pollution, Data processing. Marine at-
mospheres, pH, 'Acid rain, 'Pacific Coast(North
America), 'Air pollution sampling.
PB90-114448/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Building Support for Increasing User Fees.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of the Assistant Administrator for Water.
H. Farmer, and S. Rollins. Jul 89,21 p EPA/430/09-
89/006
Prepared in cooperation with Tennessee Univ., Knox-
ville. Municipal Technical Advisory Service.
The publication is targeted to reach public administra-
tors who want to increase water and wastewater user
fees. The report is a manual telling how to identify the
problem, shape the message deliver the information,
evaluate efforts and document the results. A case
study is included to show how one community built
support for user fees through public education.
Keywords: 'Public relations, 'Fees, 'Public opinion,
'Water services, Communications management,
Manuals, Guidelines, Waste water, 'User charges.
PB90-114455/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Water and Wastewater Manager's Guide tor Stay-
ing Financially Healthy.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of the Assistant Administrator for Water.
P. L. Shlnn, S. Turtll, B. Mays, and H. Farmer. Jul 89,
17p EPA/430/09-89/004
Prepared in cooperation with Government Finance Of-
ficers Association, Washington, DC. Government Fi-
nance Research Center.
The booklet is meant to help small water and sewer
utility managers understand some of the more impor-
tant principles of financial management. It presents
some management tools to use to keep a utility finan-
cially healthy.
Keywords: 'Utilities, 'Financial management,
'Sewage treatment, 'Water treatment, 'Management
methods, Operating costs, Economic analysis, Ex-
penses.
PB90-114638/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Qalesburg/Koppers, IL (First Remedial Action),
June 1969. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
8 Jun 89,91 p EPA/ROD/R05-89/090
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Galesburg/Koppers site is a 105-acre area locat-
ed approximately two miles south of the city of Gales-
burg in Knox County, Illinois. Contamination has been
found in soil, ground water, surface water, and on- and
offsite sediment. The selected remedial action for the
site includes excavation and onsite consolidation of
approximately 15,200 cu yd of contaminated soil with
onsite biological treatment of soil and implementation
of a biological monitoring program; construction of
shallow ground water interceptor trenches and deep
pumping wells with pumping and onsite pretreatment
of shallow and deep ground water using an existing
wastewater treatment system to achieve cleanup ob-
jectives, discharging treated ground water to a public-
ly-owned treatment works (POTW) for final treatment
or onsite treatment should the POTW pretreatment
standards not be achieved; ground water monitoring;
and implementation of access and land use restric-
tions.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Industrial wastes
'Organic compounds, 'Site surveys, Hazardous mate-
rials, Water pollution, Ground water, Public health, Sur-
face water, Cost analysis, Monitoring, Land use, 'Solid
waste management, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial
actions, Galesburg(lllinois), Land pollution.
PB90-114646/HSll	PC A0S/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
Chemtronlcs, NC. (Amendment), April 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
26 Apr 89,82p EPA/ROD/R04-89/049
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The primary contaminants of concern affecting the
soil, sediment, ground water and surface water are
VOCs including benzene, toluene, PCE, and TCE;
other organics including pesticides and explosives;
and metals including arsenic, lead, and chromium. The
selected remedial action for the site includes multi-
layer capping of the disposal area and the acid pit
area; ground water pumping and treatment using air
stripping, carbon adsorption, or metal removal with
treatment and discharge to be determined during
design; sampling of pond water and sediment and if
necessary, surface water treatment using the ground
water treatment system and onsite disposal of sedi-
ments; implementation of institutional controls and
access restrictions; and sediment, ground water, and
surface water monitoring.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Waste disposal, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Site surveys, Organic compounds,
Pesticides, Explosives, Metals, Water pollution,
Ground water, Public health, Cost analysis, Monitoring,
Surface water, 'Solid waste management, 'Superfund
program, 'Remedial actions, Buncombe County(North
Carolina), Land pollution.
PB90-114653/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
Cape Fear Wood Preserving, NC. (First Remedial
Action), June 1989. Final rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Jun89,128p EPA/ROD/R04-89/048
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The 9-acre Cape Fear Wood Preserving site is in Cum-
berland County, North Carolina. The primary contami-
nants of concern affecting the soil, sediment, ground
water, and surface water are VOCs including benzene,
other organics including PAHs, and metals including
arsenic and chromium. The selected remedial action
for the site includes offsite disposal of CCA salt crys-
tals found In the drainage system and solidified creo-
sote at a RCRA landfill and offsite disposal of asbes-
tos-containing pipe insulation in the county solid waste
facility; removal and decontamination of onsite pipes
and tanks to be sold for scrap metal or disposed of in
the county solid waste facility; excavation and onsite
treatment of soil and sediment using soil flushing as
the preferred alternative or a low thermal desorption
process to remove organics followed by soil washing
or fixation/stabilization/solidification to address inor-
ganics followed by placement of treated soil and sedi-
ment in the excavated area and revegetation; pumping
with onsite treatment of ground water and surface
water with offsite discharge at a POTW or a surface
stream; sale of 50,000 gallons of CCA solution to a
buyer; if no buyer is found, CCA solution and CCA-con-
taminated wastewater will be treated using the ground
water treatment system; and ground water monitoring.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Solid waste disposal,
'Organic compounds, 'Site surveys, Hazardous mate-
rials, Metals, Water pollution, Public health, Cost anal-
ysis, Monitoring, Surface water, Ground water, 'Solid
waste management, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial
actions, Cumberland County(North Carolina), Land
pollution.
PB90-114661/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Whitmoyer Laboratories, PA. (First Remedial
Action), June 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Jun 89,51pEPA/ROD/RO3-89/075
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The 22-acre Whitmoyer Laboratories site is located in
Jackson Township, Lebanon County, Pennsylvania. In
1964 widespread ground water contamination was dis-
covered onsite leading to the placement of concentrat-
ed wastes in a concrete vault and the initiation of
ground water pumping and treatment In 1987 an EPA
investigation revealed that approximately 69,000 gal-
lons of concentrated liquids had been abandoned
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
onsite in 18 tanks and 14 piping units. The selected in-
terim remedial action for the site includes consolidat-
ing, transporting offsite, and then treating, using ther-
mal treatment, biodegradation or recycling, approxi-
mately 69,000 gallons of concentrated liquid wastes at
a permitted RCRA facility, followed by disposing of
treated water in offsite surface water and disposing of
solid residues in an offsite landfill; decontaminating 32
tanks and approximately 2,000 feet of piping to meet
RCRA Subtitle C closure standards and disposing of
the tanks and piping onsite; and treating and disposing
of the cleaning agent residues offsite at RCRA-permit-
ted facilities.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Site surveys, 'Arsenic
organic compounds, Metal containing organic com-
pounds, Hazardous materials, Water pollution, Public
health, Cost analysis, 'Liquid waste disposal, 'Super-
fund program, 'Remedial actions, Lebanon
County(Pennsylvania), Solid waste management.
PB90-114679/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Publlcker/Cuyahoga Wrecking, PA. (First Remedi-
al Action), June 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Jun 89,61p EPA/ROD/R03-89/073
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Publlcker/Cuyahoga Wrecking site is a 37-acre,
abandoned manufacturing plant in Philadelphia, Penn-
sylvania. EPA evaluated site conditions in 1987 follow-
ing two explosions and a large fire. Tankers, pits/
sumps, and numerous process lines were found to
contain fuel oils or other contaminated oils. EPA initiat-
ed an emergency removal action in December 1987 to
stabilize the site and control the threat of additional
fires and explosions. The selected remedial action for
the site includes offsite treatment and disposal of the
various waste streams in RCRA-permitted facilities;
demolition of above-ground process lines, with proper
packaging of contaminated insulation and onsite stor-
age pending disposition in a subsequent remedial
action; and offsite disposal of hazardous chemicals re-
covered from within the lines.
Keywords; "Solid waste disposal, 'Industrial wastes,
'Site surveys, 'Organic compounds, Hazardous mate-
rials, Water pollution, Ground water, Public health,
Cost analysis, 'Solid waste management, 'Superfund
program,	'Remedial	actions,
Philadelphia(Pennsylvania), Liquid waste disposal.
PB90-114687/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Montclalr/West Orange, Radium, NJ. (First Reme-
dial Action), June 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Jun 89,101p EPA/ROD/R02-89/080
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Montclair/We8t Orange Radium site Is in the
towns of Montclair and West Orange in Essex County,
New Jersey. The soil at the site is contaminated with
radioactive waste materials suspected to have origi-
nated from radium processing or utilization facilities lo-
cated nearby during the early 1900b. Temporary radon
ventilation systems and gamma radiation shielding
have been installed and maintained by EPA and the
State to reduce indoor exposures. The primary con-
taminant of concern affecting the soil and structures is
radium 226 which decays to radon gas. The selected
remedial action for the site includes excavation of ap-
proximately 41,000 cu yd of highly contaminated soil
and an unspecified amount of debris followed by off-
site disposal; installation and maintenance of indoor
engineering controls at less contaminated properties;
environmental monitoring to ensure remedy effective-
ness; and continuation of a treatment technology
study for future actions. EPA deferred a final continu-
ation of a treatment technology study for future action.
Keywords: 'Radioactive wastes, 'Radium, 'Site sur-
veys, Radon compounds, Hazardous materials, Public
health, Cost analysis, Monitoring, Gramma rays, Radi-
ation shielding, 'Radioactive waste disposal, Super-
fund program; 'Remedial actions, Essex County(New
Jersey).
PB90-114695/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Glen Ridge Radium, NJ. (First Remedial Action),
June 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Jun 89,10Op EPA/ROD/R02-89/079
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Glen Ridge Radium site is in the Borough of Glen
Ridge and the town of East Orange in Essex County,
New Jersey. The soil at the site is contaminated to
varying degrees with radioactive waste materials sus-
pected to have originated from radium processing or
utilization facilities located nearby during the early
1900s. Temporary radon ventilation systems and
gamma radiation shielding have been installed and
maintained by EPA and the State to reduce indoor ex-
posures. The primary contaminant of concern affect-
ing the soil ana structures in radium 226 which delays
to radon gas. The selected remedial action for the in-
cludes excavation of approximately 41,000 cu yd of
highly contaminated soil and an unspecified amount of
debris followed by offsite disposal; installation and
maintenance of indoor engineering controls at less
contaminated properties; environmental monitoring to
ensure remedy effectiveness; and continuation of a
treatment technology study for future actions.
Keywords: 'Radioactive wastes, 'Radium, 'Site sur-
veys, Radon compounds, Hazardous materials, Public
health, Cost analysis, Monitoring, Gramma rays, Radi-
ation shielding, 'Radioactive waste disposal, 'Super-
fund program, 'Remedial actions. East Orange(New
Jersey).
PB90-114703/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Strasburg Landfill, PA. (First Remedial Action),
June 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Jun 89,42p EPA/ROD/R03-89/074
The Strasburg Landfill site is a 22-acre facility in west-
ern Newlin Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania.
In the spring of 1979 site owners began accepting in-
dustrial wastes and heavy metals which, by year's end,
included more than 1,000 cu yd of polyvinyl chloride
wastes, 2,052 cu yd of industrial wastes and sludge,
and 35,000 gallons of heavy metal sludge. In 1980
sampling revealed VOC contamination in the ground
water and by April 1983 leachate seeped at a rate of
several gallons per minute from the southeastern por-
tion of the landfill. After charging the site owners with
operating violations and subsequently suspending
their operating permit, the State ordered the landfill to
be closed. The selected remedial action for the site in-
cludes leachate collection, using an interceptor drain,
and offsite treatment; and provision of an alternate
water supply to affected residences by installing point-
of-use activated carbon treatment systems at resi-
dences with contaminated ground water above levels
of concern.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Waste disposal, 'Site
surveys, Hazardous materials, Water pollution, Public
health, Cost analysis, Ground water, Leaching, Earth
fills, 'Solid waste management, 'Superfund program,
'Remedial actions, Chester County(Pennsylvania),
Volatile organic compounds.
PB90-114737/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 206 Terbacii.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Aug 89,8p EPA/540/FS-89/065
See also PB85-120186.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred: issuance or reissuance
of a registration standard, issuance of each special
review document, registration of a significantly
changed use pattern, registration of a new chemical,
or an immediate need for information to resolve con-
troversial issues relating to a specific chemical or use
pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Herbicide, Hazardous materi-
als, Chemical properties, Regulations, Toxicology,
Ecology, Agricultural products, Uracils, 'Terbacii,
'Toxic substances, *5-chloro-3-(l-1-dimethylethyl)-6-
methyl-2-4(1H-3H)-pyrimidinedione, Science findings.
Path of pollutants, Chemical information fact sheet,
Use patterns, CAS 59Q2-51-2, Uracil/tert-butyl-chloro-
methyl.
PB90-114794/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Miami County Incinerator, OH. (First Remedial
Action), June 1989. Final rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Jun 89,150p EPA/ROD/R05-89/094
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Miami County Incinerator site is in Concord Town-
ship, Ohio. The site consists of the incinerator building
and adjacent property, including a former scrubber
wastewater lagoon, an ash disposal pit, an ash pile, a
liquid disposal area, and trench and fill landfill areas
north and south of the Eldean Tributary. Operations
began in 1968, when large Quantities of spent sol-
vents, soils, and drummed and bulk industrial sludges
were accepted for disposal. After closure of the facility
in 1983, the Ohio EPA found detectable levels of chlor-
inated hydrocarbons in drinking water wells near the
site. The primary contaminants of concern affecting
the soil and ground water are VOCs including PCE, tol-
uene, and TCE; other organics including PCBs, PAHs,
dioxin, and pesticides; and metals including lead. The
selected remedial actions for the site are included.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'incinerators, 'Earth fills,
'Hazardous materials, 'Ashes, Water pollution.
Ground water, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Cost
analysis, Lagoons(Ponds), Waste water, 'Remedial
action, "Superfund program, 'Waste management,
'Land pollution, Miami County(Ohio), Volatile organic
compounds, Dioxins, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Pesti-
cides.
PB90-114802/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region S):
Outboard Marine, IL. (Amendment), March 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
31 Mar 89,63p EPA/ROD/R05-89/096
See also PB85-213957.
The Outboard Marine site is on the west shore of Lake
Michigan in Waukegan, Illinois. A marine products
manufacturing plant operated at the site for approxi-
mately 20 years until production ended in the early
1970s. From 1961 to 1972 hydraulic fluid containing
PCBs was used at the plant in the die cast works. The
fluid was later discharged to Slip 3 of the harbor, a
parking lot north of the plant, and three areas known
as the North Ditch, Oval Lagoon, and Crescent Ditch.
There is an estimated 700,000 pounds of PCBs onsite
and approximately 300,000 pounds in Waukegan
Harbor. The primary contaminants of concern affect-
ing the soil and sediment are PCBs. The selected re-
medial action for this site includes construction of a
cutoff wall and slurry wall to isolate Slip 3 arid form a
containment cell; construction of a new slip to replace
Slip 3, and relocate Larsen Marine; removal and treat-
ment of sediment in Slip 3; excavation and onsite treat-
ment of soil and sediment exceeding 10,000 mg/ka
PCBs from the Crescent Ditch/Oval Lagoon Area;
construction of a west containment cell for treatment
residues and lower concentration PCB-contaminated
soil; construction of an east containment ceil around
the parking lot area; construction of a temporary
onsite water treatment facility for dredged water; coiv
struction of a permanent water treatment facilHy-
onsite treatment of containment cell water followed by
discharge to either a POTW or an onsite location; cap-
ping of all containment cells; and ground water moni-
toring. The estimated capital cost for this remedial
action is $19,000,000; O&M costs were not provided.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal
Site surveys, Organic compounds, Earth fills, Industrial
plants, Manufacturing, Hydraulic fluids, Biphenyl
Chlorhydrocarbons, Sediments, Soils, Wails, Contain-
ment, Removal, Waste treatment, Illinois, 'Superfund
program, Record of Decision, Outboard
Manne(lllinois), Polychlorinated biphenyls.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-114B10/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Ninth Avenue Dump, IN. (Second Remedial
Action), June 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Jun 89,84pEPA/ROD/R05-89/095
See also PB89-153837. Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The Ninth Avenue Dump is a 17-acre, inactive chemi-
cal and industrial waste disposal site in Gary, Indiana.
There is industrial, commercial, and residential devel-
opment in the surrounding area. Hazardous waste dis-
posal occurred at the site from the early to mid-1970s,
with some filling associated with cleanup activities
continuing until 1980. A State inspection in 1975 re-
vealed that there were approximately 10,000 55-gallon
drums at the site. Additionally, the State estimated that
500,000 gallons of liquid industrial waste were
dumped, and 1,000 drums were buried onsite and in
contact with ground water. As a result of 1975 state
orders and 1980 EPA orders to initiate surface clean-
up, the site operator removed drums, tank cars, and
some contaminated soil from the site's surface. The
selected remedial action for the site includes excavat-
ing approximately 36,000 cu yds of the most severely
oil-contaminated waste onsite thermal treatment of ex-
cavated waste, fill, and previously extracted oil; cover-
ing the area contained by the slurry well with a RCRA
cap; pumping and treatment of ground water inside the
slurry wall.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'Waste disposal, Site surveys, Organic com-
pounds, Earth fills, Water supply, Industrial wastes,
Waste treatment, Soils, Solvents, Benzene, Metals,
Ground water, 'Superfund program, Record of Deci-
sion, Ninth Avenue Dump, Wetlands, Gary(lndiana).
PB90-114626/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Wedzeb Enterprises, IN. (First Remedial Action),
June 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Jun 89, 72p EPA/ROD/R05-89/097
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The 0.75-acre Wedzeb Enterprises site is located in
Lebanon, Indiana. Originally, two warehouses, one of
which was used as a storage facility for electrical ca-
pacitors and transformers containing polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs), were located on site. In May 1981
the warehouse used for storage was completely de-
stroyed by fire. Contaminants may have been washed
into the sewer lines during the fire, providing a source
of long-term contaminant release to the Lebanon pub-
licly-owned treatment works (POTW). The primary
contaminants of concern affecting the sewer sediment
are PCBs. The selected remedial action for the site in-
cludes cleaning the sewer lines with hydraulic jets and
vacuum pumping to remove contaminants, followed by
filtering the resulting water and sediment to remove
PCB-contamlnated sediment, and discharging the
water to the POTW; offsite incineration and disposal of
the estimated 2 drums of sediment and 20 drums of re-
medial Investigation generated waste if PCB levels are
50 ma/kg or greater, or offsite disposal only if PCB
levels are below 50 mg/kg; and a television inspection
of the pipeline to ensure structural integrity.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Organic com-
pounds, 'Site surveys, Sewer pipes, Hazardous mate-
rials, Public health, Cost analysis, 'Superfund pro-
gram, 'Remedial actions, Lebanon(lndiana).
PB90-114836/H8U	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9):
Fslrchlld Semiconductor (S San Jose), CA. (First
Remedial Action), March 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
20 Mar 89,64p EPA/ROD/R09-89/028
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Fatrchild Semiconductor site is a former semicon-
ductor manufacturing facility in San Jose, California. In
late 1981, Fairchild discovered that an underground
organic solvent waste tank had failed, resulting in soil
and on- and offsite ground water contamination. Fair-
child has been investigating and cleaning up soil and
ground water pollution at the facility since contamina-
tion was first detected In 1981. The primary contami-
nants of concern affecting the soil and ground water
are VOCs including PCE, TCA, DCE, and xylenes. The
selected remedial action for the site includes onsite
soil vapor extraction (aeration); onsite shallow ground
water and offsite ground water pumping and treatment
using air stripping, followed by offsite reinjection of
treated ground water and discharge to surface water
after aquifer reuse capacity has been exhausted; deep
ground water from offsite, followed by discharge of un-
treated ground water to surface water via storm drains;
conducting laboratory and field study of biodegrada-
tion of onsite chemicals; implementing institutional
controls including deed restrictions to limit ground
water and land use; and ground water monitoring.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Organic solvents, 'Site
surveys, Hazardous materials, Water pollution, Ground
water, Public health, Cost analysis, Land use, Monitor-
ing, 'Liquid waste disposal, 'Superfund program, 'Re-
medial actions, 'San Jose(California), Land pollution.
PB90-114844/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9):
San Fernando Valley (Area 1), CA. (Second Reme-
dial Action), June 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Jun 89,50p EPA/ROD/R09-89/033
The San Fernando Valley Basin (SFVB) Area 1 site is
one of four Superfund sites (including SFVB Areas 2,
3, and 4) being remediated as one large site. The
SFVB lies within the approximately 32B,500-acre
Upper Los Angeles River area. The remedial action is
for the Burbank Well Field operable unit of the SFVB
Area 1 site, located within the city of Burbank, Califor-
nia, and addresses a portion of the overall ground
water problem in the SFVB Areas 1, 2, 3, and 4 sites.
The primary contaminants of concern are VOCs in-
cluding TCE and PCE. The selected remedial action
for the site includes pumping and treatment of ground
water contaminated with TCE exceeding 100 microg/l
or PCE exceeding 5 microg/l using air or stream strip-
ping, with vapor phase GAC adsorption units if air strip-
ping is used, and discharge to the municipal water
supply distribution system; and ground water monitor-
ing.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Organic compounds,
'Site surveys, Water supply, Ground water, Aquifers,
Monitoring, Cost analysis, *Superfund program, 'Re-
medial actions, 'San Fernando Valley(California).
PB90-115031/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Review and Evaluation of Principles Used In the
Estimation of Radiation Doses Associated with
Deep Sea Disposal of Low-Level Radioactive
Waste. Final rept.
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
D. A. Baker, W. L. Templeton, and J. K. Soldat. Aug 89,
57p EPA/520/1-89/019
See also DE86000573. Sponsored by Office of Radi-
ation Programs, Washington, DC.
The report includes discussions of: dose categories
and recommended dose limits; the radiation protection
philosophy of the International Commission on Radio-
logical Protection; physical and biological pathways by
which radiation from disposals of LLW in the marine
environment could also reach man; three types of ex-
isting pathway models that can be used to estimate
dose to man; oceanographic and radiological compo-
nents of existing assessment models; proposed
models; and, problems related to assessing risk from
ocean disposal of LLW. The report concludes that ex-
isting models, if Improved as additional environmental
and risk assessment data becomes available, should
provide adequate information for regulatory determina-
tion of risk from any future ocean disposals of LLW.
The existing models identified in the report should be
able to Indicate whether maximum Individual exposure
limits are likely to be exceeded.
Keywords: 'Deep water, 'Radiation dosage, Reviews,
Mathematical models, Forecasting, Public health, Ex-
posure, Organizations, 'Ocean waste disposal, 'Low-
level radioactive wastes, Risk assessment, Path of
pollutants.
PB90-115965/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Mldco I, IN. (First Remedial Action), June 1989.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Jun 89,184p EPA/ROD/R05-89/092
See also PB90-115973.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The MIDCO I site is a four-acre, abandoned industrial
waste recycling, storage, and disposal facility in Gary,
Indiana. Twelve drinking water wells have been identi-
fied within approximately one mile of the site. The Cal-
umet Aquifer, one of the two major aquifers underlying
the site and proving water to these wells, is highly sus-
ceptible to contamination from surface sources. Within
a three-year period, the site owners accepted and
stockpiled approximately 6,000-7,000 55-gallon drums
containing bulk liquid waste, and 4 bulk tanks, each
4,000-10,000 gallons. In June 1981 severe flooding
caused water In the area to drain west into a neighbor-
ing city; contact with the flood water reportedly result-
ed in skin burns. In 1982 extensive surface wastes, an
underground tank, and the top one foot of contaminat-
ed soil were removed. The primary contaminants of
concern affecting the soil, sediment, and ground water
are VOCs including benzene, toluene, and TCE; other
organics including PCBs, phenols, and PAHs; and
metals including chromium and lead. The selected re-
medial action for the site is included.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Chemical compounds,
'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, 'Hazardous materials,
Drums(Containers), Water pollution, Ground water,
Water supply, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons,
Metals, Cost analysis, Sediments, 'Superfund pro-
gram, 'Remedial action, 'Land reclamation, 'Waste
management, Land pollution, Gary(lndiana), Chemical
spills, Waste recycling centers, Waste processing
plants, Volatile organic compounds, Polychlorinated
biphenyls.
PB90-115973/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Mldco II, IN. (First Remedial Action), June 1989.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Jun 89,179p EPA/ROD/R05-89/093
See also PB90-115965.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The MIDCO II site is a seven-acre storage and dispos-
al facility in Gary, Indiana. The surrounding area is pre-
dominantly used for industrial purposes, and includes
34 other potential hazardous waste sites. The underly-
ing aquifer is highly susceptible to contamination from
surface sources because of the high water table; how-
ever, in the vicinity of the site, the aquifer is used pri-
marily for non-drinking water purposes. The same op-
erator as at another Superfund site, MIDCO I, began
waste operations, including drum storage at MIDCO II
during the summer of 1976. Following a major fire at
the MIDCO I site in January 1977, MIDCO transferred
the operations from the MIDCO I site to the MIDCO II
site. Operations included temporarily storing bulk liquid
and drum wastes; neutralizing acids and caustics; and
disposing of wastes by dumping wastes into onsite
pits, which allowed wastes to percolate into the ground
water. The resulting PCB-contaminated soil pile was
removed and disposed of in an offsite hazardous
waste landfill in early 1986, and most of the cyanide-
contaminated pile was also removed. Removal activi-
ties ended in January 1986. The primary contaminants
of concern currently affecting the soil, sediment, and
ground water are VOCs including benzene, toluene,
TCE, and xylenes; other organics including PCBs; and
metals including arsenic, chromium, and lead. The se-
lected remedial action for the site is included.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Chemical compounds,
'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, 'Hazardous materials,
Drums(Containers), Water pollution, Ground water,
Water supply, Cost analysis. Aromatic polycyclic hy-
drocarbons, Metals, Sediments, 'Waste transfer sta-
tions, 'Waste management, 'Superfund program,
'Remedial action, 'Land reclamation, Gary(lndiana),
Lend pollution, Chemical spills, Waste recycling cen-
ters, Waste processing plants, Volatile organic com-
pounds, Polychlorinated Wphenyls.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-116062/HSll	PC A03/MF A01
Polar Narcosis In Aquatic Organisms. Journal arti-
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
S. P. Bradbury, R. W. Carlson, and T. R. Henry. c1989,
18p EPA/6O0/D-89/177
Pud. in Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment,
v12 p59-73 1989. Prepared in cooperation with Ameri-
can Scientific International, Duluth, MN.
The majority of industrial organic chemicals lack identi-
fiable structural characteristics that result in specific bi-
ological activity. These nonpolar-nonelectrolytes are
acutely toxic to aquatic organisms via a nonspecific
mode of action termed narcosis. The toxicity of indus-
trial chemicals eliciting nonpolar narcosis can be reli-
ably predicted by log P (baseline toxicity models).
Using single chemical and joint toxic action models,
several research groups have reported classes of
polar compounds (for example, esters, phenols, and
anilines) that elicit a narcosis-like syndrome; however,
they are more acutely toxic than what is predicted
using baseline toxicity models. An assessment of rain-
bow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in vivo respiratory-cardio-
vascular responses during intoxication by polar narcot-
ic phenol and aniline derivatives established a toxicity
syndrome unique to that elicited by nonpolar narcotics.
The finding further suggests a mode of action unique
to polar narcotics and supports the use of structure-ac-
tivity relationships specific for these compounds.
(Copyright (c) American Society for Testing and Mate-
rials.)
Keywords: "Aquatic biology, 'Polarity, "Narcosis,
Blood chemical analysis, Respiration, Blood circula-
tion, Reprints, 'Water pollution effects(Animals),
'Toxic substances, Structure-activity relationship, Syn-
PB90-116070/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Adaptation of Mlxad Flask Culture Microcosms
tor Testing the Survival and Effects of Introduced
Microorganisms.
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
L. J. Shannon, T. E. Flum, R. L. Anderson, and J. D.
Yount. 1989,39p EPA/600/D-89/174
Presented at the Symposium on Aquatic Ecotoxico-
logy and Hazard Assessment (12th). Prepared in coop-
eration with Minnesota Univ.-Duluth. Dept. of Biology.
A microcosm test was used to evaluate the survival
and effects of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis
(Bti) in aquatic systems. Two commercial formulations
(Vectobac(tm) from Abbot; Mosquito Attack(tm) from
Reuters Laboratories) and a laboratory preparation of
Bti spores were tested. In all cases, Bti spores persist-
ed in the microcosms, showing no change in abun-
dance over six weeks of observation. The Bti prepara-
tions killed larval mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti) and
midges (Tanytarsus sp.) in microcosms within 24 to 48
hours. Other effects were limited to minor increases in
primary production and community respiration (as
measured by changes in pH and dissolved oxygen).
These effects appeared to be a response to the loss of
grazing insect species, the decomposition of dead in-
sects, and the addition of a biodegradable compound
(the formulation) with the formulated products. Bioas-
says of samples from the microcosms against Aedes
aegypti larvae showed that Bti lost its toxicity within 7
days. The microcosm procedure proved to be a useful
method for evaluating the survival and effects of mi-
crobial spores. The results obtained with the proce-
dure were similar to those reported from field tests of
Bti.
Keywords: 'Aquatic microbiology, Spores, Bioassay,
Aedes, Survival, *Bacillu6 thuringiensis, 'Biological
pest control, 'Virulence, Risk assessment, Environ-
mental effects.
PB90-116096/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Sediment Toxicity Assessment through Evalua-
tion of the Toxicity of interstitial Water.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth. MN.
G. Ankley. 1989,30p EPA/600/D-89/173
Pub. in Sediment Classification Methods Compendi-
um, p1-24.
The interstitial water toxicity approach is a multiphase
procedure for assessing sediment '^^"^nrsed?
stitial (i.e., pore) water. The use of pore water for sedi-
ment toxicity assessment was based on the strong
correlations between contaminant concentrations in
pore water and toxicity (and/or bioaccumulafcon) of
sediment-associated contaminants by benthic ma-
croinvertebrates. The approach combines the quanti-
tation of pore water toxicity with toxicity identification
evaluation (TIE) procedures to identify and quantify
chemical components responsible for sediment toxici-
ty. TIE involves recently developed procedures for the
identification of toxic compounds in aqueous samples
containing complex mixtures of chemicals. In the inter-
stitial water toxicity method, TIE procedures are imple-
mented in three phases to characterize pore water tox-
icity, identify the suspected toxicant, and confirm toxi-
cant identification.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Sediments, 'Water pollu-
tion, 'Interstices, Correlations, Contaminants, Inverte-
brates, Oxidizers, "Toxic substances.
PB90-116104/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Use of Aquatic Lethality Tests to Estimate Safe
Toxicant Concentrations for Initial Ecological Risk
Assessments. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
G. W. Holcombe, F. L. Phipps, and G. D. Veith. May 89,
22p EPA/600/D-89/175, ISBN-0-8031-1180-0
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology and Environmental Fate,
v11 p442-4581989.
The article presents an approach which allows a body
of comparative toxicity data to be used as initial eco-
logical risk assessments in order to extrapolate from
an acute test with an indicator species an estimate of
the no-effect concentration in the environment. The
fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) acute value
was selected as the reference value since this ecotoxi-
city endpoint has the largest data base for compara-
tive toxicity comparisons. Comparative toxicity end-
points for fish and invertebrates were collected from
various sources. When data for all ecotoxicity end-
points are plotted for all chemicals, this plot can be
analyzed statistically using regression analysis to cal-
culate an equation defining the upper 95 percentile
prediction limit. The upper 95% prediction limit uses
the reference test (fathead 96-h acute value) to calcu-
late a concentration that would be safe for 95% of the
species and chemicals, assuming that enough com-
parative toxicological data (especially chronic end-
points) are included in the data set. (Copyright (c) by
American Society for Testing and Materials, 1988.)
Keywords: "Aquatic biology, Minnows, Lethal dosage,
Extrapolation, Comparison, Ecology, Reprints, 'Water
pollution effects(Animals), "Toxic substances, Risk as-
sessment, Environmental monitoring.
PB90-11S112/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Assessment of the Precision and Accuracy of
SAM (Standardized Aquatic Microcosm) and MFC
(Mixed Flask Culture) Microcosms Exposed to
Toxicants. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
F. S. Stay, T. E. Flum, L. J. Shannon, and J. D. Yount.
C1989,18p EPA/600/D-89/178
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment,
v12 pi 89-203 1989. Prepared in cooperation with Min-
nesota Univ.-Duluth.
The results of 30 mixed flask culture(MFC) and four
standardized aquatic microcosm (SAM) microcosm ex-
periments were used to describe the precision and ac-
curacy of these two protocols. Coefficients of variation
(CV) for chemical measurements (DO, pH) were gen-
erally less than 7% for ecosystem processes(primary
productivity, respiration) less than 20%, and for struc-
ture (organism density) between 20 and 200%. Micro-
cosm age had no effect on the CV; however, treat-
ments causing a high magnitude of response resulted
in significantly higher CV values. Coefficients of varia-
tion, statistical power, and minimum detectable differ-
ences for several treatment-replicate combinations
are presented to aid in designing future MFC experi-
ments. Accuracy was evaluated for the SAM and MFC
microcosms by comparison to results reported for field
studies of fluorene, atrazine, and chlorpyrifos. Com-
parisons were based primarily on the lowest effect
level of short-term direct effects and the relative
hazard ranking of these chemicals. The results of com-
parisons suggest that these microecosystems have
properties common to natural systems, and their re-
sponses are more than an artifact of the microcosm.
(Copyright (c) American Society of Testing and Materi-
als 1989.)
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Toxicology,
Graphs(Charts), Exposure, Coefficient of variation,
Precision, Fluorenes, Reprints, "Microcosms, "Aquatic
ecosystems, Atrazine, Dose-response relationships,
Dursban.
PB90-116120/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Ecological Research Applications of Geographic
Information Systems.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
C. A. Johnson. 1989,12PEPA/600/D-89/179
Presented at the American Society for Photogramme-
try and Remote SensingGIS/LtS89, Orlando, FL., No-
vember 26-30, 1989. Prepared in cooperation with
Minnesota Univ.-Duluth.
Although the importance of Geographic Information
Systems (GISs) in natural resource management has
been widely acknowledged, the potential of GIS as an
ecological research tool has just begun to be explored.
The establishment of a major G IS facility at the Univer-
sity of Minnesota's Natural Resources Research Insti-
tute in Duluth has facilitated multi-investigator, inter-
agency research on the application of GIS to ecologi-
cal research. The facility operates both raster- and
vector-based GISs for a variety of research purposes.
Researchers have used GIS technology to solve eco-
logical problems at spatially complex landscape, re-
gional, and global scales.
Keywords: "Ecology, 'Research projects, Remote
sensing, Data acquisition, Statistical analysis, Tempo-
ral environments, Spatial distribution, Models, 'Geo-
graphic information systems, Data bases, Image proc-
essing.
PB90-116138/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Occupational and Environmental Exposures to
Radon: A Perspective for Mltigators.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
D. C. Sanchez, M. Messing, and D. Saum. 1989,13p
EPA/600/D-89/188
Presented at the ASCE (American Society for Chemi-
cal Engineers) National Conference on Environmental
Engineering, Austin, TX., July 9-12, 1989. Prepared in
cooperation with Infiltec, Falls Church, VA.
The paper compares normal environmental and occu-
pational exposures to radon and radon decay products
for the occupational group including radon mitigators
and diagnosticians. Occupational exposures to radon
and radon decay products and the associated high in-
cidence of radiation-induced lung cancer form the
basis for current concern for limiting exposures to
radon. While it is now known that radon is a ubiquitous
environmental pollutant and estimates exist as to what
this means in terms of cancer risk to the general popu-
lation, similar estimates are not available for radon
mitigators and diagnosticians.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Radiation dosage, Exposure.
Carcinogens, Respiratory diseases, Occupational
safety and health, 'Environmental effects, "Daughter
products, 'Mitigators, Diagnostic techniques.
PB90-116146/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Research and Development
Dissolution and Crystallization of Calcium Sulfite
Platelet*. Rept. for Sep 84-Aug 86.
Texas Univ. at Austin. Dept. of Chemical Engineerina.
C. L. Gleason, and G. T. Rochelle. 1987,20p EPA/
600/D-89/187
Grant EPA-R-812454
Presented at AlChe National Meeting, Houston, TX,
March 29-April 2, 1987. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Research and Development.
The paper discusses the dissolution and crystallization
of calcium sulfite platelets. The rates of calcium sulfite
dissolution and crystallization are important in slum
scrubbing processes for flue gas desulfurizatlon. The
rates affect the scrubber solution composition, S02
absorption, sulfite oxidation, and limestone utilization
The dissolution and crystallization rates of platelet
shaped calcium sulfite crystals were measured in the
pH stat apparatus. The solution pH was vailed from 3 0
to 6.0. The effects of sulfate content in the solids arid
solution were also investigated. The measured rates
for the platelets were compared to the rates previously
determined for agglomerates. It was determined that
there are subtle differences between platelet and ag-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
glomerated calcium sulfite. The platelet sample with
low solid sulfate content dissolved and crystallized
slower than the sample with a high solid sulfate con-
tent and the agglomerated samples. The inhibiting
effect of dissolved sulfate was also greater for the low
solid sulfate sample. The sample with a high solid sul-
fate content dissolved and crystallized at approximate-
ly the same rate as the agglomerates.
Keywords: 'Dissolving, 'Crystallization, 'Calcium inor-
ganic compounds, 'Sulfites, Air pollution, Flue gases,
Gas scrubbing, Agglomerates, Sodium sulfates, pH,
Combustion products, Coal.
PB90-116153/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effect of Humidity on Carbon Adsorption Per-
formance In Removing Organic* from Contami-
nated Air Streams. Rept. for Jan 87-Jul 88.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
C. M. Nunez, M. Kosusko, and B. E. Daniel. 1989,21 p
EPA/600/D-89/185
Presented at APCA meeting, Anaheim, CA, June 25-
30,1989.
The paper describes the configuration of EPA's in-
house, automated, adsorption laboratory, operation of
the laboratory, experimental design for evaluating
single-component adsorption in the presence of hu-
midity, and results to date. An objective of the labora-
tory is to characterize the effects of relative humidity
(RH) on performance at the lowest concentrations of
concern for potentially toxic organic pollutants. Tests
have been performed to characterize the effect of hu-
midity on the removal of volatile organics from con-
taminated air streams at concentrations ranging from
100 to 2000 ppmv. Three compounds, toluene, etha-
nol, and methyl ethyl ketone, were independently
tested with a RH range between 30 and 70%. These
tests were performed on activated carbon (BPL 4x10
mesh) on two bed columns, 15.2 cm in diameter and
15.2 cm deep.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Humidity, 'Activated
carbon treatment, 'Organic compounds, Adsorption,
Performance evaluation, Experimental design, Tolu-
ene, Ethanols, Methyl ethyl ketone, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB90-116161/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
National and Regional Trends In VOC (Volatile Or-
ganic Compounds) and NOx Emissions from 1900
to 1987.
Pechan (E.H.) and Associates, Inc., Durham, NC.
G. Gschwandtner, R. B. Husar, and J. D. Mobley. 1989,
14p* EPA/600/D-89/186
Contract EPA-68-02-4271
Presented at APCA (AWMA) annual meeting, Ana-
heim, CA June 26-30, 1989. Prepared in cooperation
with Washington Univ., St. Louis, MO. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper gives estimates of historic emissions of
VOC and NOx for each state of the contiguous U.S.
The emissions were estimated for anthropogenic
source categories which included transportation
sources, external combustion sources, industrial proc-
esses, solid waste disposal, and miscellaneous other
sources. From 1900 to the present, NOx emissions
have increased steadily throughout the U.S. VOC
emissions have historically been higher but, in recent
years, the total emissions are nearly the same as for
NOx. The reasons for these changes and source cate-
gory contributions are presented. As a result of these
changes, the ratio of VOC/NOx has decreased from
5.1 to 1.2 on a national basis from 1900 to 1985, and
from about 20 to less than 2 in certain states. The ratio
of VOC/NOx emissions Is important in modeling pho-
tochemical atmospheric reactions, especially ozone.
The paper presents a basis for understanding the tem-
poral and spatial emissions trends.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxides, 'United States, 'Air pol-
lution, Exhaust emissions, Combustion products, In-
dustrial wastes, Waste disposal, Sources, Trends,
Spatial distribution, National government, Smog,
Ozone, 'Volatile organic compounds, 'Emission in-
ventories, Atmospheric chemistry, Regional analysis,
Temporal distribution.
PB90-116179/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Assessment of the Mlcroscreen Phage-lnduction
Assay for Screening Hazardous Wastes (1989).
Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
V. S. Houk, and D. M. DeMarini. 1989,21 p EPA/600/
D-89/137
Pub. in Symposium on Waste Testing and Quality As-
surance, v2 p1 -18 1989. See also PB88-113378.
The Microscreen phage-induction assay, which quanti-
tatively measures the induction of prophage Lambda in
Escherichia coli WP2s(Lambda), was used to test 14
crude (unfractionated) hazardous industrial waste
samples for genotoxic activity in the presence and ab-
sence of metabolic activation. Eleven of the 14 wastes
induced prophage, and induction was observed at con-
centrations as low as 0.4 picograms per ml. Compari-
sons of the mutagenic activity of these waste samples
in Salmonella and their ability to induce prophage
Lambda indicate that the phage-inductlon assay was a
more sensitive indicator of genetic damage for this
group of wastes. All but one of the wastes that were
mutagenic to Salmonella were detected by the phage-
induction assay, and 5 wastes not mutagenic to Sal-
monella were genetically active in the phage assay.
The enhanced ability of the phage-lnduction assay to
detect genotoxic activity may be related to the con-
stituents comprising these waste samples. Partial
chemical characterizations of the wastes showed high
concentrations of carcinogenic metals, solvents, and
chlorinated compounds, most of which are detected
poorly by the Salmonella assay.
Keywords: 'Hazardous wastes, 'Toxicology, Escheri-
chia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Tables(Data), 'Mu-
tagenicity tests, 'Bacteriophages, Metabolic activa-
tion, Volatile organic compounds, Dose-response rela-
tionships.
PB90-116567/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Statistical Comparison of the Effect of Relative
and Absolute Humidity on Flxsd-Bsd Carbon Ad-
sorption Capacity. Rept. for Jan 87-Jul 88.
Arkansas Univ., Fayetteville.
J. E. Dunn, C. Nunez, and M. Kosusko. 1989,27p
EPA/600/D-89/183
Presented at the Annual Meeting, Air and Waste Man-
agement Association (82nd), Anaheim, CA., June 25-
30, 1989. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lab.
The paper describes statistical methods used to evalu-
ate data for toluene (at several typical operating tem-
peratures and humidity levels) and to determine which
measure of humidity (relative or absolute) is more im-
portant in determining carbon adsorption efficiency.
The water content of a solvent-laden stream is critical
for its control via carbon adsorption especially at rela-
tive humidities about 50-70%. (Relative humidity is the
percent of saturation: absolute humidity is the total
water content.)
Keywords: 'Statistical analysis, 'Humidity, 'Air pollu-
tion control, 'Activated carbon treatment, Adsorption,
Performance evaluation, Toluene, Moisture content,
'Packed bed.
PB90-11657S/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Versatile PC-Based Data Acquisition and Control
System: Automation of EPA's (Environmental Pro-
tection Agency's) Air Toxics Control Laboratory.
Rept. for Jan 87-Jul 88.
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC. Southeast
Regional Office.
C. M. Nunez, and R. Machilek. 1989,18p EPA/600/D-
89/182
Contract EPA-68-02-4701
Presented at APCA meeting held in Anaheim, CA. on
June 25-30, 1989. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses the decision making process
which resulted in the selection and configuration of the
hardware and software for the Air Toxics Control Labo-
ratory (ATCL) designed and built at EPA's Air and
Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, in response
to the need for the evaluation of volatile organic com-
pounds and hazardous air pollutants from commercial
and industrial operations, the ATCL was designed to
allow the investigation of a wide variety of control tech-
nologies. The equipment needed to perform these in-
vestigations varies widely. The first technology select-
ed to be tested was adsorption using activated carbon.
This technology directed most of the design decisions.
A description of the automated facility and its oper-
ation is included.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Computer systems hardware.
Organic compounds, Adsorption, 'Pollution control,
'Air Toxics Control Laboratory, 'Data acquisition sys-
tems, 'Control systems, Computer software, Personal
computers.
PB90-116583/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Application of Low NOx Precombustor Technolo-
gy to the Incineration of Nitrogenated Wastes.
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. K. Srivastava, J. V. Ryan, W. P. Linak, R. E. Hall, and
J. A. McSorley. 1989,24p EPA/600/D-89/181
Contracts EPA-68-02-3988, EPA-68-02-4701
Presented at the AWMA annual meeting, Anaheim,
CA June 25-30, 1989. Prepared in cooperation with
Massachusetts Inst, of Tech., Cambridge. Dept. of
Chemical Engineering. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper gives results of an evaluation of a 0.6 MW
precombustion chamber burner/package boiler simu-
lator, designed for in-furnace NOx control and high
combustion efficiency, for high nitrogen content fuel
combustion/waste incineration application. The 250-
750 ms residence time precombustion chamber
burner, using air staging and in-furnace natural gas re-
burning, yields up to four stoichiometric zones. Subse-
quently, an examination of the incineration characteris-
tics of a nitrogenated pesticide, containing dinoseb in
an organic solvent, was conducted on the low NOx fa-
cility. NO emissions without in-fumace controls were
reduced from 4400 to < 150 ppm with controls.
Keywords: "Afterburners, 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Inciner-
ators, 'Air pollution control, 'Combustion efficiency,
'Waste disposal, 'Nitrogen compounds, Design crite-
ria, Performance evaluation, Experimental design,
Pesticides, Concentration(Composition), 'Technology
utilization, Dinoseb.
PB90-116591/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Determining the Cumulative Effects of Forested
Wetlands: EPA's (Environmental Protection Agen-
cy's) Research Program, and Choices for Re-
search and Monitoring Designs.
Corvallis EnvironmentarResearch Lab., OR.
P. R. Adamus. 1989,16pEPA/600/D-89/168
Proceedings of the National Council of the Paper In-
dustry for Air and Water Improvement (NCASI), South-
em Division Meeting, Ashville, NC., June, 1989. Pre-
pared in cooperation with NSI Technology Sen/ices
Corp., Corvallis, OR.
The cumulative impacts component of EPA's wetlands
research arises from a concern that many individual
permit applications for wetland alteration involve
seemingly minimal change, yet collectively their impact
may be significant. Numerous studies have document-
ed the potential benefits of individual, natural wetlands
for passively performing landscape functions, such as
water purification, maintenance of desirable stream-
flow regimes, and habitat. However, the cumulative (or
regional) effects on these functions of landscapes
dominated by forested wetlands (as opposed to those
dominated by other natural cover types) have received
only limited attention. EPA's interest in these topics in
not merely academic; it is strongly oriented toward pro-
viding accurate technical information necessary for an
effective regulatory program.
Keywords: Research projects, 'Forestry, Licenses,
Substitutes, Land development, Stream flow, Statisti-
cal analysis, 'Wetlands, 'Environmental effects,
'Technology utilization, 'Environment monitoring, US
EPA, Habitats, Pollution regulations, Regional analy-
sis, Land pollution.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-116609/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Ecoreglonal Biological Criteria.
NSI Technology Services Corp., Corvallis, OR.
R. M. Hughes. 1989,8p EPA/600/D-89/167
Contract EPA-68-C8-0006
Proceedings of an EPA conference, Water Quality
Standards for the 21st Century, p147-151 Mar 89.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
For the purposes of the paper, biocriteria are defined
as numerical values that describe the biological health
of aquatic communities for a designated aquatic life
use. Regardless of whether they are implemented re-
gionally or site specifically, biocriteria (ambient, com-
munity-based) have the following advantages com-
pared to chemical and toxicological criteria: biocriteria
facilitate direct assessment of designated aquatic life
uses, are applicable to a wide range of stressors
(physical, chemical, biological, point, nonpoint, toxic,
nontoxic), and provide a firm basis for regulating non-
chemical degradation and antidegradation. They offer
a mechanism for evaluating long-term effects of spills,
process changes, and illegal dumping; for assessing
cumulative effects of multiple dischargers and stres-
sors; and for estimating bioaccumulation and indirect
effects (food chain, competition, predation, migration,
life history).
Keywords: 'Aquatic biology, "Environmental monitor-
ing, Criteria, Measurement, Numerical analysis, As-
sessments, Toxicology, Aquatic animals, Regions,
"Aquatic ecosystems, "Water pollution
effects(Animals), Oil spills.
PB0O-116617/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Definition of Adverse Effects for the Purpose of
Establishing Secondary National Ambient Air
Quality Standards.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. T. Tingey, W. E. Hogsett, and S. Henderson. 1989,
13p EPA/600/D-89/166
Prepared in cooperation with NSI Technology Services
Corp., Corvallis, OR.
Before the public can freely and fairly contribute to the
environmental decision process, education on the im-
portance of ecological and genetic diversity is needed.
Education will assist the public in assigning both cost
and quality of live values to environmental effects as
part of the process of assessing the adversity of an
effect. Only when the value of an ecological good or
service is understood can the decision be made
whether to accept the impact or take action to prevent
the adverse effect. The decision to prevent or limit ad-
verse effects ultimately leads to regulatory policy.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Ecology, "Genetics, Eco-
nomic analysis, Public health, Decision making, "Envi-
ronmental effects, "Secondary National Ambient Air
Quality Standards, Pollution regulations, Clean Air Act,
Air pollution effects(Plants).
PB90-116625/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Capabilities and Limitations of Approaches to In
situ Ecological Evaluation. Symposium paper.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Hark, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
1V	y'and L KaPus,ka. 1989, 26p* EPA/600/
D-89/165
Proceedings of a Symposium of Biological Hazards of
Environmental Pollutants (1 st).
Waste site ecological assessment is still in its forma-
tive stages. However, there appear to be no major ob-
stacles preventing it from rapidly developing into a vig-
orous and useful science. There is no simple or single
approach that will be generally applicable. Given the
complexity of ecological systems, one must design
each assessment carefully using the methods appro-
priate for the questions being asked.
Keywords: "Meetings, "Ecology, "Waste disposal,
"Site surveys, Assessments, Data processing, Popula-
tions, Field tests, Bioassays, Experimental design,
Design, Ecosystems, Biological indicators.
PB90-116633/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Modeling Tree Level Processes. Symposium paper.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
C TGay. 1989,29p EPA/600/D-89/164
Proceedings of the US/USSR Symposium Air Pollution
Effects on Vegetation (2nd), Raleigh, NC., September
19-20, 1988. Prepared in cooperation with NSI Tech-
nology Services Corp., Corvallis, OR.
An overview of three main types of simulation ap-
proach (explanatory, abstraction, and estimation) is
presented, along with a discussion of their capabilities
limitations, and the steps required for their validation. A
process model being developed through the Forest
Response Program is used as an example. The lower
hierarchical level of processes, such as photosynthe-
sis and nutrient allocation, is emphasized in simulation
of the activities of the foliar organ. A branch growth
module with which the foliar module will be coupled in
the system is also a process model, but is under devel-
opment using the abstraction approach. A stand model
has been developed empirically, using the estimation
approach. The development of modular simulators of
sub-processes, utilizing various of the three develop-
mental approaches, then coupling them is a robust ap-
proach to meeting information needs. The resultant
aggregate models provide tools with the capabilities of
incorporating current scientific knowledge to provide
predictions which possess the characteristics of real-
ism, generality and precision.
Keywords: "Mathematical models, "Simulation,
"Trees(Plants), Plant ecology, Plant physiology, Plant
growth, "Air pollution effect(Plants), Acid rain, Forest
Response Program.
PB90-116641/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Determination of Optimal Toxicant Loading for Bi-
ological Closure of a Hazardous Waste Site. Jour-
nal article.
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
M. A. Bianchini, R. J. Portier, K. Fujisaki, C. B. Henry,
and P. H. Templet. C1989,17p EPA/600/D-89/163
Pub. in American Society for Testing and Materials,
Special Technical Pub. 971, v10 p503-516 1988. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Louisiana State Univ., Baton
Rouge. Inst, for Environmental Studies.
To achieve biological closure of an abandoned hazard-
ous waste site, waste materials, in the form of buried
sludges and lagoon wastes, were examined. Optimal
loading levels were evaluated on the basis of biode-
gradative potential tests and acute toxicity of leachate.
Microbial ATP and microbial diversity were used in
conjunction with Microtox(tm) tests to establish an ac-
ceptable land treatment experimental design. ATP
data indicated that both waste types stressed indige-
nous microbial populations through Day 10. However,
the microbial population showed recovery by Day 17.
Lagoon wastes, applied at 4 and 8%, showed minimal
stress and high ATP levels by Day 17. GC/MS data in
subsequent studies documented significant biotrans-
formation and biodegradation of the wastes at these
optimized loading rates. (Copyright (c) American Soci-
ety for Testing and Materials, 1988.)
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Site surveys,
"Waste disposal, "Biodeterioration, Aromatic polycy-
clic hydrocarbons, Aliphatic hydrocarbons, Leaching,
Water pollution, Mississippi River, Adenosine phos-
phates, Microorganisms, Reprints, "Toxic substances,
"Land pollution, "Land restoration, Environmental
transport, Land management.
PB90-116724/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Induced Secondary Combustion In Woodstoves.
Rept. for Sep 88-Mar 89.
Spolek and Associates, Inc., Portland, OR.
G. A. Spolek, J. H. Wasser, R. E. Hall, and N. L. Butts.
1989,17p EPA/600/D-89/184
Presented at the Annual AWMA (APCA) Meeting
(82nd), Anaheim, CA., June 25-30, 1989. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research
Lab.
The paper provides information useful for woodstove
designers concerned with reducing emissions. A dual-
chamber woodstove was modified to induce second-
ary combustion by utilizing an ignition source and
forced flow of secondary air. The ignition source was
an electric flow plug installed in the secondary cham-
ber. Secondary airflow was maintained at a preset flow
rate and supply temperature. Wood was burned in the
stove in a laboratory following a standard protocol, and
the stack emissions were monitored continuously. The
modified stove generally emitted less pollution than
the same stove did prior to modification. Emission
levels generally declined as the flow rate of secondary
air and the supply air temperature were increased. In-
corporating these modifications into a woodstove, with
appropriate controls, represents an effective emission
control technology.
Keywords: "Combustion, "Air pollution control, Igni-
tion, Experimental data, Exhaust gases, Wood, Com-
bustion products, Emission, "Wood burning furnaces.
PB90-116732/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Characterizing the Genotoxicity of Hazardous In-
dustrial Wastes and Effluents Using Short-Term
Bioassays.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
V. S. Houk, and D. M. DeMarini. 1989,61 p EPA/600/
D-89/153
The paper demonstrates that short-term bioassays
can reliably and expeditiously measure the genotoxic
potential of hazardous industrial wastes and effluents.
Petrochemical wastes have been studied in detail, es-
pecially discharges from chemical manufacturing
plants and textile and dye effluents. However, there Is
little information on effluents from pesticide manufac-
turers. The most extensive evaluations have been con-
ducted on effluents from pulp and paper mills. These
studies have shown which pulping plants generate the
most genotoxic effluents, which process wastes are
most hazardous, have isolated and identified the com-
pounds responsible for the genotoxic activity, have de-
scribed the environmental fate of these compounds,
have evaluated the types of genetic damage likely to
occur upon exposure to the effluents, and have identi-
fied several treatment methods that effectively reduce
the genotoxicity of the effluents. The coupling of bioas-
says for biological analysis with chemical evaluation
provides the most powerful approach to assessing the
overall health effects of complex industrial wastes and
effluents.
Keywords: "Industrial wastes, "Effluents, "Toxicity,
Salmonella typhimurium, Distillation, Exposure, Paper-
industry, Textile industry, Chemical industry, Decon-
tamination, "Mutagenicity tests, "Toxic substances,
DNA damage.
PB90-116740/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
Mutagens, Carcinogens, and Computers.
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH.
H. S. Rosenkranz, and G. Klopman. C1986,36p* EPA/
600/D-89/140
Grant EPA-R-812664
Pub. in Genetic Toxicology of Environmental Chemi-
cals, ptA p71-104 1986. Sponsored by Health Effects
Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC., and Na-
tional Inst, of Environmental Health Sciences, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The Increased use of a multitude of short-term tests as
predictors of carcinogenicity has brought with it an in-
formation explosion which has the potential of either
inundating the author with an unmanageable volume
of data or it could prove to be invaluable with respect
to developing predictive methods as well as providing
mechanistic information. The author has been interest?
ed In developing methodologies which could use the
accumulated data for the latter purposes. Accordingly
the author has taken two approaches which have cul-
minated in the development of CASE (Computer Auto-
mated Structure Evaluation method) and CPBS (Car.
cinogenicity Prediction and Battery Selection method)
Each of these, although of proven usefulness, is stili
undergoing further refinement In addition, the two ap-
proaches can be coupled and the interaction in-
creases predictive capabilities as well as decreasina
the cost. (Copyright (c) 1986, Alan R. Lisa, Inc.)
Keywords: "Environmental tests, "Carcinogens, *Miu
tagens, Cancer, Computer applications, Chemical
bonds, Chemical structure.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-116757/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Large Laboratory Column Study of the Transport
and Degradation of Atrazine, Carbofuran, and
Dluron In Soils. Journal article.
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
T. E. Short, C. G. Enfield, and P. Jamet. c1989,17p
EPA/600/D-89/162
Pub. in Methodological Aspects of the Study of Pesti-
cile Behavior inSoil, p139-1501989. Prepared in coop-
eration with Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et
Minieres, Orleans (France).
The suitability for land treatment of 3 pesticides in a
liquid waste stream was evaluated. The evaluation was
performed under laboratory conditions utilizing 15 cm
by 150 cm lonp glass columns. Composition of the
water was monitored as a function of time and depth
for eight columns utilized in the study. Experimental
columns were duplicated and there were 4 treatments
in the study. Three different soils were studied and one
soil was studied at two different hydraulic loading
rates. The experimental data were collected in both
batch static microcosms and dynamic columns stud-
ies. The confidence limits on the batch obtained trans-
formation rates were not sufficiently tight to permit rea-
sonable projections in most cases. The pesticides fol-
lowed a systematic pattern in the column with respect
to transport and degradation. However, apparently
processes other than first order take place in the pro-
file and it is necessary to perform additional studies to
delineate the actual biochemical processes. (Copy-
right (c) INRA, Paris, 1989.)
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Pesticides, 'Biodeterior-
ation, 'Soil surveys, 'Hazardous materials, Experi-
mental design, Soil microbiology, Physical properties,
Chemical properties, Columns(Process engineering),
'Land disposal, 'Environmental transport, Aatrex, Car-
bofuran, Diuron.
PB90-116765/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Transport Processes Involving Organic Chemi-
cals. Journal article.
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
D. C. Bouchard, C. G. Enfield, and M. D. Plwoni. 01989,
28p EPA/600/D-89/161
Pub. in Reactions and Movement of Organic Chemi-
cals in Soils, SSSA Special Publication n22 p349-371
1989.
Groundwater use in the USA has more than doubled
between 1950 and 1975, and more than 40% of the
USA population utilizes groundwater as a drinking
water source. These figures, coupled with the enor-
mous cost of groundwater remediation, underscore
the importance of understanding chemical transport
through soil and in groundwater. The document dis-
cusses three aspects of organic chemical transport.
How cationic surfactants effectively increase the or-
ganic carbon content, and thus the sorption capacity,
of geologic material is discussed. Conversely, If a
mobile hydrophobic phase is present, such as colloidal
sized organic particles dispersed in the aqueous
phase, chemical transport may be greatly facilitated
through sorption on the mobile organic phase. Finally,
how chemical transport in the presence of residual hy-
drocarbons results from the entrapment of hydrocar-
bonaceous fluids, such as petroleum derived fuels and
solvents, in the pore space of geologic material.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Soil surveys,
'Ground water, 'Water pollution, 'Geological struc-
tures, Waste disposal, Hydrocarbons, Fuels, Surfac-
tants, Cations, Sorption, Thermodynamics, Reprints,
'Environmental transport, Land pollution.
PB90-116773/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Status of 8olldlflcatlon/StabHlzatlon In the United
States and Factors Affecting Its Use.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
C. C. Wiles, E. F. Barth, and P. R. de Percin. C1988,
14p* EPA/600/D-89/159
Pud. in Contaminated Soil '88, p947-956 1988. Pre-
sented at the International TNO/BMFT Conference on
Contaminated Soils, Hamburg, FR of Germany, April
11-15,1988.
Solidification/stabilization (S/S) is being evaluated by
the U.S. EPA as a best demonstrated available tech-
nology for treating hazardous waste and contaminated
soils and debris. Future use of the technology in the
United States will depend on how well it performs com-
pared to other available treatment processes. The
evaluations and current research being conducted will
provide some answers regarding performance, howev-
er, additional studies are required for a better scientific
understanding of S/S. However, the capability of the
technology to perform satisfactorily over long periods
of time has yet to be determined. (Copyright (c) 1988
by Kluwer Academic Publishers.)
Keywords: 'Solidification, 'Stabilization, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'United States, Reviews,
Industrial wastes, Research projects. Air pollution,
Leaching, Performance evaluation, 'Land pollution,
'Best technology, Technology utilization, US EPA.
PB90-116781/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Modeling Geochemical Processes Attenuating In-
organic Contaminant Transport In the Subsurface
Region: Adsorption on Amorphous Iron Oxide.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
N. T. Loux, D. S. Brown, C. R. Chafin, J. D. Allison, and
S. M. Hassan. 1989,25p EPA/600/D-89/171
Prepared in cooperation with Technology Applications,
Inc., Athens, GA., Computer Sciences Corp., Athens,
GA., and Mansoura Univ. (Egypt).
The capability of an equilibrium speciation model, MIN-
TEQA2, for estimating total dissolved (and, hence,
mobile) metals concentrations in the saturated zone
below hazardous waste disposal sites was evaluated
in laboratory studies. Emphasis was placed on testing
the geochemical speciation portion ofthe model.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Inorganic com-
pounds, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
'Metals, 'Geochemistry, Adsorption, Leaching,
Ground water, Water pollution, Thermodynamics, Hy-
drology, 'Environmental transport, 'Land pollution,
MINTEQA2 model.
PB90-11679B/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Hydrolytlc Transformations of Organic Chemicals
in the Environment. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA. Office of
Research and Development.
N. L. Wolfe, M. E. S. Metwally, and A. E. Moftah.
C1989,17p EPA/600/D-89/170
Pub. in Reactions and Movement of Organic Chemi-
cals in Soils, Soil Science Society of America Special
Publication No. 22, p229-242 1989. Prepared in coop-
eration with Georgia Univ., Athens.
In the environment, hydrolysis reactions can be medi-
ated biologically or occur via abiotic processes. For
biotic hydrolysis reactions, the rate of hydrolysis often
is proportional to bacterial biomass and/or specific
enzyme concentrations (activities) in the medium. In
abiotic hydrolysis reactions, the hydrolysis rates can
be a function of chemical parameters such as H ion ac-
tivity (pH), dissolved organic matter, and dissolved
metal ions. For many compounds, both abiotic and
biotic processes contribute to the disappearance of
pollutants in the environment. The focus of the paper
is on the factors that influence the rate of abiotic hy-
drolysis reactions in soils and sediments. (Copyright
(c) 1989 Soil Science Society of America and Ameri-
can Society of Agronomy.)
Keywords: 'Hydrolysis, 'Pesticides, 'Soil surveys,
'Sediment, 'Environmental surveys, Water pollution,
Chemical reactions, Reaction kinetics, pH control, Re-
prints, 'Sediment-water interfaces, 'Land pollution,
Environmental transport, Organic material.
PB90-116607/H8U	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Chemical Accumulation in Plant Tissues from
Aqueous Exposure.
Technology Applications, Inc., Athens, GA.
S. D. WoiCr. R. Lasslter, and S. E. Wooten. 1989,19p
EPA/600/D-89/169
Contract EPA-68-03-3351
Prepared in cooperation with Georgia Univ., Athens,
and TAI Corp., Huntsville, AL. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Predictive models have been designed to investigate
plant-water distribution coefficients and to study the
dynamics of chemical accumulation in aquatic plant
organs. Initial model testing has been completed in
laboratory studies using two chlorinated benzenes and
three species of aquatic plants. The results indicate
that the proposed modeling framework can be used to
estimate the potential for contamination of tissues by
neutral chemicals during aqueous exposures.
Keywords: 'Aquatic plants, Graphs(Charts), Exposure,
'Pharmacokinetics, 'Water pollution effects(Plants),
'Bioaccumulation, Tissue distribution.
PB90-116930/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
POHCs (Principal Organic Hazardous Constitu-
ents) and PICs (Products of Incomplete Combus-
tion) Screening Protocol. Final rept. Feb-Aug 87.
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
R. H. James, M. M. Thomason, M. L. Manier, and J. M.
Finkel. Oct 89,112p SRI-EAS-88-229, EPA/600/8-
89/080
Contract EPA-68-02-3996
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report describes risk-driven analysis strategies
and a tiered survey approach of analyses that should
be useful for building data bases related to other waste
combustion processes. The need to characterize haz-
ardous waste incinerator emissions for multiple organ-
ic compounds has been steadily increasing for several
years. Similar interest is being shown in organic emis-
sions from municipal waste incinerators and sewage
sludge incinerators. Seven protocols based on meth-
ods published by the EPA were developed and re-
viewed. The protocols included GC-FID and GC-MS
screening for volatile compounds, Soxhlet extraction
sample preparation, TCO determination, GC-MS
screening for semivolatile compounds, gravimetric de-
termination, and HPLC-UV screening. Application of
the proposed scheme to environmental samples in the
study was limited. Three extracts of samples obtained
from Method 0010 testing of an incinerator under dif-
ferent feed and firing conditions were analyzed by five
of the proposed protocols. Thirty-four compounds
have been tentatively identified but, more importantly,
the protocol methods seem to perform well.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
'Combustion efficiency, 'Organic compounds, 'Gas
analysis, 'Incinerators, Performance standards, Com-
bustion products, Gas chromatography, Mass spec-
troscopy, Laboratory equipment, Ultraviolet spectros-
copy, Gravimetric analysis. Extraction, Design criteria,
'Risk assessment, 'Air pollution sampling. Air pollu-
tion detection, 'Volatile organic compounds, Standard
compliance, High performance liquid chromatography.
PB90-116948/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Summary Review of Health Effects Associated
with Ammonia. Health issue Assessment
DynamacCorp., Rockville, MD.
Jun 89,62p EPA/600/8-89/052F,, ECAO-R-0067
Contract EPA-68-02-4140
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office.
Ammonia is a colorless gas with a repellent odor. It is a
naturally occurring compound in the environment;
however, it is also released into the environment from
ammonia production facilities and during the manufac-
ture and use of ammonia-containing products. It is a
central compound in the environmental cycling of ni-
trogen and is involved In major processes such as min-
eralization, nitrification, and nitrogen fixation. Ammonia
is a key metabolite in mammals and plays an essential
role in acid-base regulation and biosynthesis of pur-
ines, pyrimidines, and nonessential amino acids. How-
ever, ammonia is a toxic gas and in experimental ani-
mals, effects from acute exposure to ammonia gas
have ranged from mild irritation of the respiratory
system and mucous membranes to convulsions, acute
pulmonary edema, coma, and death. Continuous or re-
peated exposure of animals to sublethal concentra-
tions of ammonia gas have produced adverse effects
on the respiratory tract, liver, kidneys, and spleen.
Quantitative data on the toxic effects of ammonia in
humans is limited. Accidental exposure of humans to
unspecified concentrations of ammonia has resulted in
bums of the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract and in
death.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Ammonia, 'Toxicity, 'Air pollution, Expo-
sure, Metabolism, Laboratory animals. Respiratory dis-
eases, Tables(Data), 'Risk assessment, Dose-re-
sponse relationships, Pharmacokinetics, Health ef-
fects.
PB90-116955/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Technologies for CFC (Chlorofluorocarbons)/
Halon Destruction. Final rept. Feb-Apr 89.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. C. Dickerman, T. E. Emmel, G. E. Harris, and K. E.
Hummel. Oct 89, 75p* DCN-89-239-004-71-05, EPA/
600/7-89/011
Contract EPA-68-02-4286
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report presents an overview of the current status
of possible technologies used to destroy chlorofluoro-
carbons (CFCs) and halons, chemicals implicated in
the destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer. The
Montreal Protocol, an international treaty to control the
production and consumption of these chemicals,
allows countries to increase production by the volume
of CFCs or halons destroyed, if the destruction tech-
nology has been approved by the Parties to the Proto-
col. The Parties have neither yet approved nor consid-
ered possible destruction technologies. The document
is the first step in the United States' review of such
technologies, and will serve as the basis for additional
work in this area. Key findings address the ability of the
various technologies to effectively destroy CFCs; the
environmental consequences of such destruction; the
ability of current emission monitoring systems to verify
that the CFCs have indeed been destroyed; the im-
pacts of current regulations on CFC destruction; and
the existence of any significant data gaps, along with
recommendations of future required work to resolve
any unanswered issues resulting from the data gaps.
Keywords: 'Chlorohydrocarbons, 'Air pollution con-
trol, 'Destruction, Pyrolysis, Scrubbing, Oxidation,
Stratosphere, Environmental surveys, Forecasting,
"Technology utilization, 'Halons, Montreal Protocol,
Pollution regulations, Air pollution sampling, Inciner-
ation, Wet methods, Ozone layer.
PB00-116963/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Application of High Performance Liquid Chroma-
tography/Mass Spectrometry to Environmental
Analysis. Rept, for 1 Oct 88-31 May 89.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
L. D. Betowski, and T. L. Jones. Oct 89,47p EPA/600/
4-89/033
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) cou-
pled with mass spectrometry (MS) is described for the
analysis of samples for environmental pollutants.
During the course of the work different techniques
were used to increase both the sensitivity and specific-
ityof HPLC/MS. These included the utilization of two
different interfaces for the mass spectrometer, the
thermospray and the particle beam systems. Refine-
ments to the thermospray system were made with the
use of a wire-repeller to enhance sensitivity and also to
increase the structural information obtained from mass
spectra. The operation of the instrument in the dis-
charge negative ionization mode further increased the
specificity of these techniques as did the use of a triple
quadrupole mass spectrometer in the HPLC/MS
system. Two different sets of compounds were used in
the study. Organic dyes were used to test the improve-
ments in the system. Since work was performed with
dyes previously and since dye compounds encompass
a variety of structural functionalities, the dyes made
good test compounds. Chlorinated herbicides were
studied in an effort to analyze for these compounds di-
rectly without having to prepare derivatives before
separation.
Keywords: 'Mass spectroscopy, 'Chemical analysis,
Herbicides, Azo dyes, Chlorine organic compounds,
Desian criteria, Performance evaluation, Ionization,
Particle beams, 'Environmental monitonng, High per-
formance liquid chromatography, Phenyls, Discharg-
ers.
1420 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB90-116971/HSU	PC A11/MF A02
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Direct/Delayed Response Project: Quality Assur-
ance Plan for Preparation and Analysis of Soils
from the Mld-Appalachlan Region of the United
States.
Lockheed Engineering and Sciences Co., Inc., Las
Vegas, NV.
M. L. Papp, R. D. Van Remortel, C. J. Palmer, G. E.
Byers, and B. A. Schumacher. Oct 89, 250p EPA/600/
4-89/031
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The Direct/Delayed Response Project is designed to
address the concern over potential acidification of sur-
face waters by atmospheric sulfur deposition within the
United States. The Mid-Appalachian Soil Survey is
being conducted as a synoptic physical and chemical
survey to characterize a statistical sampling of water-
sheds in a region of the United States believed to be
susceptible to the effects of acidic deposition. The
survey has benefitted from information gained during
two previous, similar surveys. The documentation ad-
dresses the design and implementation of a quality as-
surance program and the verification of the analytical
data base for the Mid-Appalachian Soil Survey. It is ad-
dressed primarily to the users of the data base who will
be analyzing the data and making various assess-
ments and conclusions relating to the effects of acidic
deposition on the soils of the Mid-Appalachian region,
the third and final region characterized during the
project. Data quality is assessed by addressing detect-
ability, precision, accuracy, representativeness, com-
pleteness, and comparability of the data.
Keywords: 'Quality assurance, 'Soil analysis, 'Water-
sheds, 'Acidification, "Water pollution, Field tests, Ex-
perimental design, Statistical analysis, Air pollution, Air
water interactions, Surface waters, Assessment,
"Land pollution, "Environmental monitoring, "Sulfur
compounds, Appalachian Mountain Region(United
States), Direct/Delayed Response Project, Data base
management, Regional analysis.
PB90-116989/HSU	PC A99/MF A04
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Compendium of Methods for the Determination of
Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air.
Engineering-Science, Inc., Cary, NC.
R. M. Rlggin, W. T. Winberry, and N. T. Murphy. Jun 88,
605p* EPA/600/4-89/017
Contracts EPA-68-02-3745, EPA-68-02-3888
See also PB90-116997. Sponsored in part by contract
EPA 68-02-3996. Prepared in cooperation with Battelle
Columbus Labs., OH. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Lab.
Determination of toxic organic compounds in ambient
air is a complex task, primarily because of the wide va-
riety of compounds of interest and the lack of stand-
ardized sampling and analysis procedures. The com-
pendium of methods has been prepared to provide
current, peer-reviewed procedures in a standardized,
written format tor measuring toxic organic pollutants of
primary importance in ambient air. The various meth-
ods provide both sampling and analytical procedures
for a variety of pollutants, including pesticides, PCBs,
formaldehyde and other aldehydes, phosgene, n-nitro-
sodimethyiamine, cresol/phenol, dioxin, non-speciat-
ed non-methane organic compounds, polynuclear aro-
matic hydrocarbons, and various other volatile nonpo-
lar organic compounds. The compendium is a consoli-
dation and republishing of Methods T01-105 from the
original Compendium (EPA 600/4-84-041), Methods
T06-T09 from the First Supplement (EPA-600/4-87-
006), and T010-T014 from the Second Supplement
(EPA-600/4-89/018).
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Gas analysis,
Standards, Concentration(Composition), Pesticides,
Formaldehyde, Phenols, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocar-
bons, Aldehydes, Revisions, Laboratory equipment,
Chromatographic analysis, Spectrum analysis, "Toxic
substances, Air pollution sampling, "Air pollution de-
tection, Volatile organic compounds, Non-methane hy-
drocarbons, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Dloxins,
Amlne/n-nitroso-dimethyl, EPA method 608.
PB90-116997/HSU	PC A16/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Second Supplement to Compendium of Methods
for the Determination of Toxic Organic Com-
ounds In Ambient Air. Rept. for Apr 84-May 88.
ngineering-Science, Inc., Cary, NC.
W. T. Winberry, and N. T. Murphy. Jun 88,351 p* EPA/
600/4-89/018
Contracts EPA-68-02-3888, EPA-68-02-3996
See also PB90-116989. Prepared in cooperation with
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assess-
ment Lab.
Determination of toxic organic compounds in ambient
air is a complex task, primarily because of the wide va-
riety of compounds of interest and the lack of stand-
ardized sampling and analysis procedures. The meth-
ods compendium has been prepared to provide cur-
rent, written, peer-reviewed analytical procedures in a
standardized format for analysis of toxic organic pollut-
ants of primary importance in ambient air. A core set of
five methods covering some 29 air toxic compounds
was published in the original Compendium (EPA 600/
4-84-041,1984). Four additional methods were added
to the Compendium in the first Supplement (EPA 600/
4-87-006, 1986). The Second Supplement adds five
more methods to the Compendium, bringing the total
number of methods in the Compendium to 14, cover-
ing a wide variety of toxic organic air pollutants. The
five new procedures are applicable to pesticides
(T010), formaldehyde (T011), non-methane organic
compounds (T013), benzo(a)pyrene (T013), and vari-
ous toxic VOCs (T014). As further advancements are
made, the current methods in the Compendium may
be modified or updated, or additional methods may be
added as appropriate.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, 'Gas analysis.
Standards, Concentration(Composition), Pesticides,
Formaldehyde, Revisions, Laboratory equipment
Chromatographic analysis, Spectrum analysis. Aro-
matic polycyclic hydrocarbons, "Toxic substances,
"Air pollution sampling, "Air pollution detection, Vola-
tile organic compounds, Benzopyrene, Non-methane
hydrocarbons, EPA method 608.
PB90-117003/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Report on Dispersal of BCAs Released to the At-
mosphere (Simulation of Airborne Microbial Drop-
let Transport).
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
B. Lighthart, and J. Kim. Oct 89,42p EPA/600/3-89/
077
Prepared in cooperation with Oregon State Univ., Cor-
vallis.
The framework for a simulation model is presented
which describes the dispersion of individual droplets of
water containing viable microbes. The model accounts
for physical, chemical, biological and measured mete-
orological parameters of each droplet at each of many
short time steps. Repeating the modelling process for
many droplets will simulate a cloud of droplets. The
model is compared with the Tuielake, CA release in
1988, and revealed very similar patterns of deposition
within 30 m (the maximum observation distance of the
source). A hypothesis for the survival sequence in the
microbe-containing droplets is discussed.
Keywords: "Biological aerosols, "Meteorology
Graphs(Charts), Models, Atmospheric sciences, Dis-
persion, Detection, Forecasting, Mortality.
PB90-117029/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9k
Raytheon, CA. (First Remedial Action), June 19891
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Jun 89.98p EPA/ROD/R09-89/032
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Raytheon site is one of three Superfund sites that
are being remediated concurrently. The other two are
Fairchild Semiconductor (Mt. View) and Intel (Moun-
tain View Plant). The sites are located in the Middle-
field/Ellis/Whisman (MEW) Study Area in Santa Clara
County in the city of Mountain View, California. Land
use in the area is primarily light industrial and commer-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
surface drainage features within or surrounding the
site; most of the runoff is intercepted by a storm drain
system and discharged to an offsite creek. Various in-
dustrial activities were conducted in the vicinity of the
site including semiconductor manufacturing, metal fin-
ishing operations, parts cleaning, aircraft mainte-
nance, and Other activities requiring the use, storage,
and handling of a variety of chemicals.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
Site surveys, Organic compounds, Earth fills, Vaporiz-
ing, Toxicity, Soils, Waste treatment, Runoff, Storage
tanks, Leakage, 'Superfund program, Record of Deci-
sion, Mountain View(California).
PB90-117037/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9):
Intel (Mountain View), California, May 1989. First
Remedial Action.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
6 Sep 89,98p EPA/ROD/RO9-89/031
The Intel (Mountain View Plant) site is one of three Su-
perfund sites that are being remediated concurrently.
The other two sites are Fairchild Semiconductor (Mt.
View) and Raytheon. The sites are located in the Mid-
dlefield/Ellls/Whisman (MEW) Study Area in Santa
Clara County in the city of Mountain View, California.
Land use in the area is primarily light industrial and
commercial, with some residential areas. There are no
natural surface drainage features within or surrounding
the site; most of the runoff is intercepted by a storm
drain system and discharged to an offsite creek. Vari-
ous industrial activities were conducted in the vicinity
of the site, including semiconductor manufacturing,
metal finishing operations, parts cleaning, aircraft
maintenance, and other activities requiring the use,
storage, and handling of a variety of chemicals, par-
ticularly solvents. Site investigations at several of
these facilities during 1981 and 1982 revealed signifi-
cant soil and ground water contamination by toxic
chemicals, primarily VOCs. Interim cleanup actions
were conducted at the site by Fairchild, Intel, and
Raytheon. These included tank removals, soil removal
and treatment, well sealing, construction of slurry
walls, and hydraulic control and treatment of local
ground water. The primary contaminants of concern
affecting the site are VOCs including TCE, TCA, PCE,
toluene, and xylenes; and other organics including
phenols.
Keywords: "Ground water, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, 'Organic compounds, California,
Site surveys, Earth fills, Runoff, Industrial wastes, Air-
craft, Solvents, Metals, Toxicity, Semiconductors, Xy-
lenes, Toluene, Phenols, Industrial waste treatment,
Soils, 'Superfund program, Record of Decision, Moun-
tain View(California), Santa Clara County(California),
Chemicals.
PB90-117078/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Structural Properties of Organic Chemical* as
Predictors of Biodegradatlon and Microbial Toxic-
ity In Soil*. Journal article.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN. Environmental Sciences
Div.
B. T. Walton, and T. A. Anderson. cAug 88,9p ORNL/
PUB-3111, EPA/600/J-88/413
Contract DE-AC05-840R21400
Pub. in Chemosphere, v17 n8 p1501-1507 1988. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Tennessee Univ., Knoxville.
Graduate Program in Environmental Toxicology. Spon-
sored by Department of Energy, Washington, DC., and
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
The evaluation of a chemical's persistence in soil is a
major source of uncertainty in environmental risk as-
sessments. Structure-activity relationships (SARs)
may provide a useful estimation tool of blodegradabi-
lity and toxicity of chemicals in soils; however, experi-
ments must be designed to minimize or account for
competing loss processes. Biodegradation and toxicity
SARs have been described for groups of structurally
related molecules in soils, but multiple SARs will un-
doubtedly be required to estimate properties from
large data sets that include dissimilar compounds.
These studies provide evidence that the SAR ap-
proach has applicability to environmental risk assess-
ments for chemicals in soils, despite important limita-
tions of the ability to extrapolate SARs from one ho-
mologous series of chemicals to another.
Keywords: 'Biodeterioration, 'Toxicity, 'Organic
chemistry, 'Soil microbiology, 'Soil chemistry, Re-
prints, 'Environmental persistence, Structure-activity
relationship, Risk assessment.
PB90-117086/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Ambient Air Hydroxyl Radical Concentrations:
Measurements and Model Predictions. Journal arti-
cle.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
A. P. Altshuller. cMay 89, 7p EPA/600/J-89/098
Pub. in JAPCA (Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Asso-
ciation), v39 n5 p704-708 May 89.
The review critically examines the limited number of
recent near surface measurements of hydroxyl radi-
cals in urban and rural areas. Predictions of average
tropospheric, hemispheric and/or zonal concentra-
tions of hydroxyl radicals derived from methylchloro-
form and carbon monoxide concentrations and models
are discussed. The limitations of one and two dimen-
sional model predictions of zonal and seasonal hy-
droxyl concentrations received detailed consideration.
Of special concern on a regional scale are cloud cover
effects on the penetration of ultraviolet radiation below
320 micrometers which is critical to the subsequent re-
actions forming hydroxyl radicals. (Copyright (c) 1989,
Air and Waste Management Association.)
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Gas analysis,
Sampling, Concentration(Composition), Urban areas,
Rural areas, Clouds(Meteorology), Trends, Tropo-
sphere, Photochemical reactions, Carbon monoxide,
Ultraviolet radiation, Reprints, 'Hydroxyl radicals, 'At-
mospheric chemistry, Laser induced fluorescence,
Chloroform/methyl, Chemical reaction mechanisms.
PB90-117094/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Simulation of Solute Transport in Aggregated
Madia. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
F. K. Fong, and L. A. Mulkey. cApr 89,6p EPA/600/J-
89/097
Pub. In American Institute of Chemical Engineers Jnl.
35, n4 p670-672 Apr 89.
The model presented in the study describes solute
transport in soil columns by considering aggregate size
distribution. An iterative numerical scheme is intro-
duced to implement the model. The work clearly dem-
onstrates tne importance of including increasingly
more detail in modeling solute-soil interactions and
suggests that for certain spherical packing material
sites, previous analyses of packed beds that ignore
aggregate size distribution may be inadequate. Failure
to include effects of aggregate size can lead to sub-
stantially different breakthrough curves and may incor-
rectly represent solute movement in contaminated
soils or treatment systems.
Keywords: 'Soil tests, 'Solutes, 'Aggregates,
'Column packings, Mathematical models, Computer-
ized simulation, Reprints, 'Transport properties.
PB90-117103/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Increased S02 Removal with the Addition of
Alkali Metals and Chromium to Calcium-Based
Sorbents. Journal article.
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
D. M. Slaughter, S. L. Chen, W. R. Seeker, D. W.
Pershing, and D. A. Kirchgessner. c1988,12p EPA/
600/J-88/414
Contract EPA-68-02-3987	(Tu
Pub. in Symposium (International) on Combustion/The
Combustion Institute (22nd), p1155-1164 1988. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Re-
search Lab.
The paper discusses recent investigations that indi-
cate that a small addition of certain chemical reagents
can enhance or inhibit the ability of calcium sorbents to
capture sulfur. The need to develop a low-cost retrofit-
table SOx control technology for existing non-NSPS
boilers has caused renewed interest in the injection of
calcium-based sorbents; however, the removal of SOx
at a calcium/sulfur ratio of 2 has been limited to about
50%. Initially, Cr203 was found to dramatically improve
the sulfur capture of limestone. Chromium (e.g., Cr203)
combined with calcium-based sorbents increased
sulfur capture by a factor of 1.5-3 at conditions simulat-
ing a coal-fired boiler. Subsequently, alkali metal com-
pounds (Li, Na, K) gave similar results. While small
amounts of alkali metals enhanced sulfur capture by
the CaO, they were also found to react with S02 to
form alkali metal sulfates. Some refractory oxides and
clays typically found in coals were shown to reduce the
effectiveness of additives which improve sulfur cap-
ture. While calcium utilization for the advanced sor-
bents has increased capture efficiencies with the use
of promoters, the mechanisms of promotion have not
been identified. The investigation studied mechanistic
processes by which additives promote the ability of
sorbents to capture S02 in coal-fired boilers.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Sorbents, 'Limestone,
'Calcium, Alkali metals, Chromium oxides, Air pollu-
tion, Combustion products, Coal, Graphs(Charts), De-
sulfurizing, Stationary sources.
PB90-117110/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Detection of Fecal Conforms In Water by Using
(<14)C)Mannitol. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
D. J. Reasoner, and E. E. Geldreich. c1989,7p EPA/
600/J-89/114
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v55
n4 p907-911 Apr 89.
Interest in rapid bacterial detection methods for sani-
tary indicator bacteria in water prompted a study of the
use of (14)C-mannitol (UL) to detect fecal coliforms
(FC). A simple method was developed using m-FC
broth, membrane filtration, and two-temperature incu-
bation (35 C for 2 h, followed by 44.5 C for 2.5 h). Re-
sults indicated that FC numbers ranging from 1 x 10(1)
to 2.1 x 10(5) cells could be detected in 4.5 h. Within
sample reproducibility at all cell concentrations was
good, but sample to sample reproducibility was varN
able. Comparisons between m-FC broth and m-FC
broth modified by substituting 4-mannitol for lactose In-
dicated that the standard m-FC broth was the better
test medium. Results from experiments employing di-
methyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to increase permeability of
FC to (14)C-mannltol indicated no increase in (14)C02
production due to DMSO. Detection of FC using this
method may be useful for rapid analyses of potable
water suspected of contamination due to distribution
line breaks or cross-connections, or for quick surveys
of potable source water quality.
Keywords: 'Coliform bacteria, 'Aquatic microbiology,
'Potable water, Scintillation counters, Spectrometers,
Graphs(Charts), Laboratory tests, Reprints, 'Drinking
water, Mannitol, Microbiological technics.
PB90-117128/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Evaluation of EPA (Environmental Protection
Agency) Method 8120 for Determination of Chlor-
inated Hydrocarbon* In Environmental Samples.
Journal article.	_ ,
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Environmental Sys-
tems Div.
V Lopez-Avila, N. S. Dodhlwala, J. Milanes, and W. F.
Beckert. c1989,12p EPA/600/ J-89/096
Contract EPA-68-03-3511
Pub. in Jnl. of the Association of Official Analytical
Chemists, v72 n4 p593-6021989. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Method 8120 of EPA Manual SW-846 has been evalu-
ated in a single-laboratory study. The misuse of chloro-
hydrocarbons and improper disposal practices have
resulted In polluting various watersheds. Modifications
made to the current method include expansion of the
list of target compounds from 15 to 22; replacement of
the packed gas chromatographic columns with 2 me-
gabore fused-siHca open tubular columns; modification
of the Flonsil cleanup procedure to allow quantitative
recovery of 20 of the 22 target compounds; and devel-
opment of a procedure that used 1-g Florisil disposal
cartndges and gives quantitative recovery of all 22
target compounds from all matrices tasted. The re-
vised method was tested with a variety of sample mat-
rices.
Keywords: 'Chlorohydrocarbons, 'Chemical analysis,
Environmental surveys, 'Solid waste disposal, Sam-
pling, Gas chromatography, Column packings, Quanti-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tative analysis, Water pollution, Revisions, Reprints,
*EPA method 8120, Land pollution.
PB90-117136/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Implications of Recant Experimental Results for
Modeling Reactions in Turbulent Flows. Journal ar-
ticle.
California Inst, of Tech., Pasadena.
J. E. Broadwell, and P. E. Dimotakis. c1986,7p EPA/
600/J-86/508
Contract EPA-68-02-3633
Pub. in American Institute of Aeronautics and Astro-
nautics Jnl., v24 n6 p885-889 Jun 89. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper generally discusses turbulent mixing, chem-
ical reactions, and combustion in fully developed shear
layers and jets. More specifically, it reviews results of
experiments that appear to have important implica-
tions for understanding and modeling these flows, with
possible implications 7or dealing with turbulent trans-
port in general. Conclusions include: molecular trans-
port coefficients play a significant role in turbulent
mixing phenomena, even in fully developed turbulent
flows; large-scale structure dynamics dictate entrain-
ment, which in turn provides the environment for sub-
sequent turbulent cascade and mixing processes; and
turbulent shear layers and jets are essentially un-
steady at the largest temporal and spatial scales in the
flow. (Copyright (c) American Institute of Aeronautics
and Astronautics, Inc., 1985.)
Keywords: 'Turbulent flow, 'Chemical reactions, 'Air
pollution, 'Combustion, Mathematical models, Experi-
mental data, Jet flow, Boundary layer flow, Mixing, Re-
prints.
EB9£r1 i?J44/Hsu	pc A02/MF aoi
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.	a
Comparative Analysis of the Electrostatic Poten-
tials of Dlbenzoturan and Some Dibenzo-p-dlox-
Ins. Journal article.
New Orleans Univ., LA. Dept. of Chemistry.
B-A- zi'les. K- Jayasuriya, and P. Politzer.
C1986,6p EPA/600/J-86/514
Pub. in Jnl. of the American Chemical Society, v108
P915-918 1986. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Electrostatic potential maps of dibenzofuran, dibenzo-
p-dioxin, 2,8-dichloro-3,7-dimethyldibenzo-p-dioxin,
2,3,7,8-tetrafluorodibenzo-p-dioxin, and 2,3,7,8-te-
trachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) are presented and
compared. The biological activities of the molecules in-
crease from zero for the first two to very strong for the
highly toxic TCDD. The analysis of the electrostatic po-
tentials suggests certain key features that may be nec-
essary for the effective interaction of the classes of
compounds with a cytosolic receptor, which is believed
to be the initial step leading to various toxic responses
and other biological activity. (Copyright (c) 1986 Ameri-
can Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Electrostatics, 'Furans, Graphs(Charts),
Toxicity, Measurement, Reprints, "Dioxin/tetrachloro-
dibenzo, Biological effects.
PB90-117151/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Evaluation of the Toxicity of Marine Sediments
and Dredge Spoils with the Microtox (Trade
Name) Bloassay. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
G. T. Ankley, R. A. Hoke, J. P. Giesy, and P. V. Winger.
1989, 9p EPA/600/J-89/095
Pub. in Chemosphere, v18 n9-l0 p2069-2075 1989.
Prepared in cooperation with National Fisheries Con-
taminant Research Center, Columbia, MO., Michigan
State Univ., East Lansing. Dept. of Fisheries and wild-
life, and Georgia Univ., Athens. School of Forest Re-
sources.
The MicrotoxR bioassay was used to evaluate the tox-
icity of sediment and dredge spoil elutriates from sev-
eral potentially-contaminated sites in Mobile and Pas-
caaoula Bays. Elutriates were prepared using either
local seawater or distilled deionized water (osmotically
adjusted with NaCI prior to testing), and MicrotoxR
assays were performed with the elutriates and three
reference toxicants. There were marked differences in
the toxicity of several elutriates and reference toxi-
cants in the two different waters, with the seawater
generally resulting in the same or lesser toxicity than
the osmotically-adjusted distilled deionized water.
Keywords: "Toxicity, 'Water pollution, 'Aquatic micro-
biology, 'Dredging, 'Spoil, 'Sediments, Bioassay, Re-
prints, 'Photobacterium phosphoreum.
PB90-117169/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Sorption of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dloxin
from Water by Surface Soils. Journal article.
Maryland Univ., College Park. Dept. of Civil Engineer-
ing.
R. W. Walters, S. A. Ostazeski, and S. Guiseppi-Elie.
C1989, 7p EPA/600/J-89/099
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v23
n4 p480-484 Apr 89. Prepared in cooperation with
Mobil Research and Development Corp., Princeton,
NJ. Environmental Affairs and Toxicology Dept. Spon-
sored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab.,
Ada, OK.
The sorption of 14C-labeled 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodi-
benzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) from water by two uncontamin-
ated surface soils from the Times Beach, MO, area
was evaluated by using batch shake testing. Sorption
isotherm plots for the soil with the lower fraction organ-
ic carbon (foe) were linear, and regression analysis
was used to determine a value of the sorption coeffi-
cient (KD) of 30400 mL/g. This value corresponds to a
value of log Koc of 6.66, where Koc is the partition co-
efficient normalized on the basis of soil organic carbon
content. Significant interferences attributed to the
presence of nonseparable suspended particles were
apparent in the measurement of the water-phase con-
centrations of TCDD for experiments involving the
high-foe soil. Prewashing the soil from one to five con-
secutive times with water appeared to reduce these
interferences, as individual-point distribution ratios ap-
proached the Koc value determined for the low-foe
soil. The measured value of log Koc agrees with the re-
ported estimate of log Koc 6.6 for TCDD made by ap-
plying the cosolvent theory to isotherm data generated
with water/methanol mixtures. (Copyright (c) 1989
American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Adsorption, 'Water pollution, Test meth-
ods, Reprints, 'Soil pollutants, 'Tetrachlorodibenzo-
dioxin.
PB90-117177/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Application of Laboratory-Derived Criteria to an
Outdoor Stream Ecosystem. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Monticello, MN.
Monticello Ecological Research Station.
J. W. Arthur. C1988,16p EPA/600/J-88/412
Pub. in International Jnl. of Environmental Studies, v32
p97-1101988.
Field assessments of laboratory-derived water quality
criteria were conducted in S20 meter long outdoor ex-
perimental streams located in Central Minnesota. The
report presents an overview of the published studies.
Eight pollutants were tested from 1976 to 1984; dura-
tion of pollutant additions lasted from 12 to 75 weeks.
Primary emphasis was in measuring community struc-
tural changes. Examples of population effects ob-
served were in survival, growth, reproduction, diversity,
emergence and behavioral differences. Stream im-
pacts appeared to differ with each pollutant tested. Ef-
fects observed on the stream populations were at or
above the recommended criteria concentrations. For
two pollutants (pentachlorophenol and ammonia nitro-
gen), no margin of safety was evident. Laboratory-de-
rived criteria and results from single species tests were
good predictors of population impacts in the experi-
mental streams. (Copyright (c) 1988 Gordon and
Breach Science Publishers Inc.)
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Streams, Populations,
Population growth, Field tests, Assessments, Minne-
sota, Reprints, 'Ecosystems, 'Water quality index,
'Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB90-117185/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Physiochemical Properties as Predictors of Or-
ganic Chemical Effects on Soil Microbial Respira-
tion. Journal article.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN. Environmental Sciences
Div.
B. T. Walton, T. A. Anderson, M. S. Hendricks, and S
S. Talmage. C1989,13p EPA/600/J-89/100
Contract DE-AC05-84OR21400
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, vS
p53-63 Jan 89. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environ-
mental Research Lab., Ada, OK., and Department of
Energy, Washington, DC.
Structure-activity analysis was used to evaluate the ef-
fects of 19 hazardous organic chemicals on microbial
respiration in two slightly acidic soils (a Captina silt
loam from Roane County, Tennessee, and a McLaurin
sandy loam from Stone County, Mississippi), both low
in organic carbon and typical of the southeastern
United States. The chemicals included in the study
were the following: acrylonitrile, furan, methyl ethyl
ketone, tetrahydrofuran, benzene, toluene, 1,2-dichlor-
oethane, p-xylene, chlorobenzene, chloroform, nitro-
benzene, trans-1,4-dichloro-2-butene, cis-1,4-dich-
loro-2-butene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, 1,2,3-trichioropro-
pane, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dibromoethane (ethyl-
ene dibromide), 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene and hex-
achlorobenzene. Seventeen of the chemicals caused
temporary depressions in C02 efflux in at least one
soil, but treatments were not significantly different from
controls by the sixth day for most of these compounds,
indicating the ability of the microbial community to re^
cover from chemically induced toxicity at this concen-
tration. Acrylonitrile, nitrobenzene, and the 1,4-dich-
loro-2-butenes caused sustained depressions, where-
as methyl ethyl ketone and benzene increased respira-
tion. (Copyright (c) 1989 SETAC.)
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
'Physicochemical properties, 'Biodeterioration, 'Soii
microbiology, Organic compounds, Reprints, 'Struc-
ture-activity relationships, Land pollution, Toxic sub-
stances, Roane County(Tennessee), Stone
County(Mississippi).
PB90-117193/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab. Ada
OK.	'
Towards a Standard Method for the Measurement
of Organic Carbon In Sediments. Journal article.
Colorado School of Mines, Golden. Dept. of Chemistry
and Geochemistry.
C. M. Lee, and D. L. Macalady. C1989,9p EPA/600/J-
89/101
Pub. in International Jnl. of Environmental and Analyti-
cal Chemistiy, v35 n4 p219-225 Apr 89. Sponsored by
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Adi
OK.
The precisions achieved by two different methods for
analysis of organic carbon in soils and sediments were
determined and compared. The first method is a rapid
dichromate oxidation technique (Walkley-Black) that
has lonp been a standard in soil chemistry. The
second is an automated coulometric titration method
for which commercial instrumentation is available. The
latter method shows relative standard deviations that
are six to twenty times smaller than the dichromate ox-
idation technique. Development of a standardized
sediment with a low level of organic carbon is recom-
mended in order to facilitate the evaluation of the pre-
cision and accuracy or organic carbon measurement
techniques. (Copyright (c) 1989 Gordon and Breach.)
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Soil analysis, 'Standards
'Chemical analysis, 'Carbon, 'Environmental surveys'
Water pollution, Pesticides, Oxidation, Chromates'
Colorimetric analysis, Volumetric analysis, Reprints!
'Organic materials, Sediment-water interfaces. Walk-
ley Black technique, Land pollution.
PB90-117201/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab Ada
OK.	"
Solutions Approximating Solute Transport In a
Leaky Aquifer Receiving Wastewater Infection
Journal article.	i—wv.
New Mexico Inst, of Mining and Technology, Socorm
Dept. of Geoscience.
C. S. Chen. C1989,14p EPA/600/J-89/102
Grant EPA-R-813529
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pub. in Water Resources Research, v25 n1 p61-72
Jan 89. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental
Research Lab., Ada, OK.
A mathematical model amenable to analytical solution
techniques is developed for the investigation of con-
taminant transport from an injection well into a leaky
aquifer system, which comprises a pumped and an un-
pumped aquifer connected to each other by an aqui-
tard. A steady state groundwater flow field is assumed,
where the injected fluids move horizontally in the
pumped aquifer and vertically in the aquitard. The un-
pumped aquifer is assumed to remain in hydrostatic
condition due to its large transmissivity. Descriptions of
groundwater velocities are based on appropriate leaky
aquifer well hydraulics. In general, the modeling ap-
proach neglecting longitudinal dispersion in the
pumped aquifer and lateral dispersion in the aquitard
does not introduce significant error to the modelling re-
sults, as shown by the good agreement between nu-
merical solutions and the solutions of the proposed
model. (Copyright (c) 1989 American Geophysical
Union.)
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Aquifers, 'Injec-
tion wells, 'Solutes, 'Water pollution, Ground water,
Leakage, Water flow, Solutions, Reprints, 'Liquid
waste disposal.
PB90-117219/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Sequential Reductive Dehalogenation of Chlor-
oanliinee by Microorganisms from a Methano-
aanle Aquifer. Journal article.
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Dept. of Botany and Micro-
biology.
E. P. Kuhn, and J. M. Suflita. c1989,7p EPA/600/J-
89/103
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v23
n7 p848-852 Jul 89. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
Chloroaniline-based compounds are widely used
chemicals and important contaminants of aquatic and
terrestrial environments. The authors have found that
chloroanilines can be biologically dehalogenated in
polluted aquifers when methanogenic, but not sulfate-
reducing conditions prevail. The havens are re-
placed by protons in a series of reductive steps cata-
lyzed by microorganisms. The sequential release of
halogens from the para and ortho position of 2,3,4,5-
tetrachloroaniline (2,3,4,5-tetraCA) resulted in the for-
mation of 2,3,5-trichloroaniline (2,3,5-triCA) and even-
tually 3,5-dichloroaniline (3,5-diCA). Similarly, when
3,4-diCA was used as a parent substrate, it was trans-
formed to 3-chloro-aniline (3-CA). Metabolites and end
products were identified by their chromatographic mo-
bility and their mass spectral fragmentation pattern.
The reaction helps suggest novel bioremediation ap-
proaches for aquifers and other environments con-
taminated with these chemicals. (Copyright (c) 1989
American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Microorganisms,
'Aquifers, 'Soil microbiology, 'Waste disposal, Pesti-
cides, Ground water, Surface waters, Chromatogra-
phic analysis, Mass spectroscopy, Aerobic processes,
Reprints, 'Land pollution, 'Aniline/chloro, 'Methane
bacteria, 'Dehalogenation, Clean-up operations,
Chemical reaction mechanisms.
PB90-117284/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Toxicity and Mutagenicity of a Mixture of 25
Chemicals Found In Contaminated around Water.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. D. Shelby, R. R. Tice, D. M. DeMarini, and R. S. H.
Yang. 24 Apr 89, 40p EPA/600/D-89/160
Prepared in cooperation with National Toxicology Pro-
gram, Research Triangle Park, NC., and Brookhaven
National Lab., Upton, NY. Sponsored by Department
of Energy, Washington, DC.
A defined mixture of 25 chemicals that are often found
in contaminated ground water was prepared as a
water solution and studied for mutagenicity in bacteria,
for prophage induction in bacteria, lor palatability and
effect on weight-gain in rats and mice, and for cytoge-
netic effects in bone marrow cells of rats and mice. In
vitro tests for bacterial mutations and prophage induc-
tion were negative. A two-week exposure to the 25-
chemical mixture in drinking water resulted in a con-
centration-related decrease in water consumption in
male and female rats and mice. Concentration-related
decreases in weight gain were observed in male and
female mice; in rats, only the high dose groups showed
decreased weight gains. The cytogenetic studies
showed a small but significant increase in SCE in male
mice and a similar weak effect on micronucleated poly-
chromatic erythrocytes in the bone marrows of males
and females. Also in bone marrow of male and female
mice, an increase in mitotic index and a decrease in
average cell generation time was observed. The
%PCE in bone marrow were decreased in female mice
only, while the %PCE in peripheral blood was in-
creased in both sexes. In rats, the only effects ob-
served in the cytogenetic studies were increased PCE
frequencies in the peripheral blood of males and in the
bone marrow of males and females.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Ground water, Rats, Mice, Expo-
sure, Salmonella typhimurium. Bone marrow, 'Muta-
genicity tests, 'Toxic substances, Micronucleus test,
Sister chromatid exchange, Mitotic index, Chromo-
some aberrations, Dose-response relationships, Sex
factors.
PB90-118225/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9):
Fairchild Semiconductor (Mountain View), Califor-
nia, June 1989. First and Second Remedial Ac-
tions.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
9 Jun 89,94p EPA/ROD/RO9-89/030
The Fairchild Semiconductor (Mt. View) site is one of
three Superfund sites that are being remediated con-
currently. The other two sites are Intel (Mountain View
Plant) and Raytheon. The sites are located in the Mid-
dlefield/Ellis/Whisman (MEW) Study Area in Santa
Clara County in the city of Mountain View, California.
Land use in the area Is primarily light industrial and
commercial, with some residential areas. There are no
natural surface drainage features within or surrounding
the site; most of the runoff is intercepted by a storm
drain system and discharged to an offsite creek. Vari-
ous industrial activities were conducted in the vicinity
of the site, including semiconductor manufacturing,
metal finishing operations, parts cleaning, aircraft
maintenance, and other activities requiring the use,
storage, and handling of a variety of chemicals, par-
ticularly solvents. The primary contaminants of con-
cern affecting the site are VOCs including TCE, TCA,
PCE, toluene, and xylenes, and other organics includ-
ing phenols.
Keywords: "Ground water, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Water pollution, Site surveys, Organ'
ic compounds, Earth fills, Industrial wastes, Metals,
Vaporizing, Aircraft, Seals(Stoppers), Soils, Storage
tanks, Leakage, Industrial waste treatment, Hydraulic
equipment, 'Superfund program, Record of Decision,
Fairchild Semiconductor, Santa Clara
County(California), Mountain View(Californla), Clean-
up.
PB90-119215/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Carcinogenicity and Pesticides: Biological Issues
In Extrapolation.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park. NC.
R. S. H. Yang. J. Huff, D. R. Germolec, M. I. Luster, and
J. E. Simmons. 1989,39p EPA/600/D-89/158
Prepared in cooperation with National Toxicology Pro-
gram, Research Triangle Park, NC., and PATHCO,
Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Approximately 41 % (26/63) of the pesticides evaluat-
ed in the chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity studies of
the National Toxicology Program (NTP) showed vary-
ing degrees of carcinogenicity. Since those chemicals
nominated to the NTP for carcinogenicity studies usu-
ally represent a sampling of potentially 'problem'
chemicals, this ratio does not implicate the actual per-
centage of carcinogenic chemicals among all pesti-
cides. In general, results from epidemiological studies
are of limited value in prevention and have been done
on few pesticides. To assess potential risks of chemi-
cals to humans, extrapolation of the findings in labora-
tory animals to possible health effects in humans is in-
evitable. Several important biological issues must be
considered in such a process; these include extrapola-
tion between doses, species (including strain and sex),
routes of administration and exposure regimens (e.g.,
intermittent vs.constant rate). Any imperfection in such
a process (e.g., hazard identification and risk assess-
ment of any given chemical or other agent) must be
taken into consideration during extrapolation.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Exposure, 'Carcinogenicity
tests, 'Toxic substances, Risk assessment, Species
specificity, Dose response relationships, Pharmaco-
kinetics, Synergism, Lethal doses, Sex factors.
PB90-119223/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Genotoxlc and Carcinogenic Properties of Chlor-
inated Furanones: Important By-Products of
Water Chlorlnatlon.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. R. Meier, A. B. DeAngelo, F. B. Daniel, K. M.
Schenck, and J. U. Doerger. 1989,22p EPA/600/D-
89/157
Pub. in Proceedings of Genetic Toxicology of Complex
Mixtures: Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of
Complex Environmental Mixtures, 1990.
The widespread presence of genotoxins in drinking
water can be directly linked to the chlorination stage of
drinking water treatment. Recent studies in Finland,
the United States and Great Britain have shown that a
single compound, 3-chloro-4-(dichlo-romethyl)-5-hy-
droxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), is responsible for a sub-
stantial fraction of the mutagenicity of chlorinated
drinking water. Several other chlorinated furanones
that appear to contribute to the mutagenicity have also
been identified. The toxicological data available on MX
has been limited to its identification as a potent direct-
acting mutagen in Salmonella. The results of additional
studies aimed at evaluating the potential health effects
of MX can be summarized as follows: MX induces DNA
strand breaks and chromosomal aberrations in cul-
tured mammalian cells, and forms a single major DNA
adduct in both bacterial and mammalian cells; the mu-
tagenic and clastogenic effects are substantially re-
duced by liver S-9 fraction, which can be partly attrib-
uted to conjugation with glutathione via glutathione-S-
transferase; MX is inactive as a clastogen in bone
marrow and marginally active in gastrointestinal tissue
of mice when given by oral gavage; at least 40% of
orally administered MX is absorbed, and greater than
80% is excreted via feces and urine within 48 hr; MX
appears to induce skin tumors in mice when given
orally but not topically. A chronic bioassay in mice is
planned to help define the carcinogenic risk associat-
ed with exposure to MX in drinking water.
Keywords: 'Potable watei, 'Chlorination,
Graphs(Charts), In vivo analysis, Salmonella typhimur-
ium, Skin cancer, Reprints, Mutagenicity tests, 'Car-
cinogenicity tests, 'Furanones, DNA damage, Chro-
mosome aberrations, Micronucleus test, SOS
response(Genetics), Glutathione transferases.
PB90-119231/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Mutagens In Chlorinated Water.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
J. R. Meier. 1989,12p EPA/600/D-89/156
Proceedings of the International Conference on Envi-
ronmental Mutagens (5th).
Over the past twelve years, numerous reports have ap-
peared in the literature documenting the presence of
genotoxic activity in organic concentrates of drinking
water. Genotoxic activity has been observed using in
vitro test systems, including microbial, mammalian and
lower eukaryotic cells and using whole plants. Al-
though few studies have been performed to examine
genotoxic damage in vivo, little or no evidence of gen-
otoxicity has yet been observed using whole animal
assay systems. A number of potential sources exist for
the genotoxicity, but the chlorination stage of water
treatment appears to be primarily responsible for the
widespread occurrence of mutagens in drinking water.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Mutagens, 'Chlorination,
In vitro analysis, In vivo analysis, Salmonella typhimur-
ium, Reprints, 'Mutagenicity tests, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), Furanones, Carcinogenicity tests,
Micronucleus test, Sister chromatid exchange, Chro-
mosome aberrations.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-119249/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Synaptonemal Complex Analysis in Genetic Toxi-
cology.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. C. Backer, M. J. Moses, and J. W. Allen. 1989,15p
EPA/600/D-89/155
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Health
Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park,
NC., and Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC.
Synaptonemal complex analysis provides a unique
means of visualizing the behavior of meiotic chromo-
somes. The technique has been applied to the study of
normal karyotypes and mutant stocks of mice. Recent
work demonstrating the usefulness of SC analysis for
the detection of chromosome damage suggests its po-
tential application in a variety of mechanistic and ap-
plied studies. Studies investigated cell-stage specific
damage included by radiation and expressed as SC
and/or metaphase chromosome aberrations. Radi-
ation was found to exhibit a similar stage-specific clas-
togenic activity for SCs as it does for meiotic meta-
phase chromosomes. The nature of the chromosome
damage detected depend upon the cell stage exposed
and on the endpoint harvested for analysis.
Keywords: 'Genetics, Mice, Genetic radiation effects,
Cells(Biology), Meiosis, 'Synaptonemal complex,
'Sex chromosome abnormalities, Dose-response rela-
tionships, Karyotyping.
PB90-119256/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Calcium Release from Neural Tissue: Experimen-
tal Results and Possible Mechanisms.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. Blackman. 1989,31 p EPA/600/D-89/154
Presented at a workshop held in Stockholm, Sweden
on May 24-27,1989.
The research demonstrated that amplitude-modulated
radio frequency (RF) fields could preferentially cause a
biochemical change in Isolated brain tissue depending
on the specific frequency of modulation. The experi-
ment was performed with isolated brain tissue to test
whether modulated RF fields could interact with an
animal via the central nervous system or whether the
peripheral nervous system was needed. The experi-
ment was motivated by the observation that the results
could not easily be explained by a mechanism that in-
volved heating of the sample. By 1980, positive results
were found to be based on a true response of the sam-
ples to RF radiation. The experiments were begun to
establish the electromagnetic field parameters that
were critical to induce the biological changes ob-
served. To simplify the exposure situation and analy-
sis, the modulation frequency alone was used without
the RF carrier wave.
Keywords: 'Calcium, Biochemistry, Geomagnetism, In
vitro analysis. Electric fields, Radio frequencies. Cen-
tral nervous system, Peripheral nervous system,
'Nerve tissue, Signal transduction, Dose-response re-
lationships.
PB90-119587/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Assessing Chemical Releases and Worker Expo-
sures from a Filter Press.
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
JScptt. K. Sherban, and M. Marshall. Oct 89,125p
EPA/600/2-89/052
Grant EPA-R-813355
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
Chemical releases and worker exposures associated
with the filtration of an industrial wastewater sludge
were characterized. The filter was a recessed chamber
filter press with an open filtrate discharge system.
Chemical releases and worker exposures for a select-
ed chemical were measured over four operational
cycles and various aspects of the filtration operation
believed to influence the measurement values were
documented. Ventilation patterns around the filter
press were monitored. The worker's time-weighted av-
erage exposures to total copper (low vapor pressure,
highly insoluble form) during the 113-minute operation-
al cycle ranged from 3.1 to 25 micro g/cu m. To sludge
feed and filter cake copper concentrations were ap-
proximately 0.1 and 1.0 weight percent. A noticeable
difference in worker techniques was observed which
1424 Vol. 90, No. 24
may account for the large range of inhalation expo-
sures during the cake removal stage. During this stage,
the inhalation exposures ranged from 11 micro g/cu m
to 130 micro g/cu m. The manual removal of filter cake
comprised only 15% of the time in an average filtration
cycle, but produced 72% of the worker's inhalation ex-
posure.
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, 'Waste treatment,
'Waste water, 'Copper, "Industrial medicine, Expo-
sure, Hazardous materials, 'Risk assessment, 'Occu-
pational safety and health, Environmental monitoring.
PB90-119595/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Technical Guidance Document: The Fabrication of
Polyethylene FML Field Seams. Final rept.
Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA.
R. E. Koerner. Sep 89, 56p* EPA/530/SW-89/069
See also PB87-132825. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response.
The document is meant to augment the numerous
CQC and CQA guidelines that are presently available
for High density polyethylene(HDPE) liner installation
and inspection. In general, these documents allow the
installer almost complete freedom in making seams
with the only conditions being that they pass destruc-
tive shear and peel tests to a stipulated strength and
selected nondestructive tests. However, there is a
long-term concern regarding seam integrity which is
not addressed by following this course of action.
Simply expressed, it appears as though the long-term
service life of some HDPE liners is compromised when
seams are made improperly. This comes about by
overgrinding, overheating, placing new welds directly
over older welds, or simply by poor workmanship. By
developing a document somewhere between the typi-
cal CQC/CQA document and an installer's training
manual, i.e., a 'standard-of-practice', it is hoped that
the negative features of seam making can be avoided.
It is hoped to provide deeper insight for an inspector as
to what the installer is trying to accomplish. At the
same time it might be also helpful to the installer in rec-
ognizing that others have a vested interest in their spe-
cific activity. After some introductory material, the
manual is focused toward three types of field seams
used for fabricating field seams in HDPE liners: extru-
sion fillet seams, extrusion flat seams, and hot wedge
seams.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Lining processes, 'Waste dis-
posal, 'Seaming, 'Quality assurance, Guidelines,
Leaching, Quality control, Membranes, Thermoplastic
resins, Plastic extruding, 'Land disposal, 'High density
polyethylene, Thermal fusion.
PB90-119645/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Analysis of tight Facilities: Operating and Cost
Data for in-Vessel Composting. Journal article.
Camp, Dresser and McKee, Boston, MA.
J. Johnston, J. F. Donovan, and A. B. Pincince. c1989,
6p EPA/600/M-89/021
Contract EPA-68-03-3346
Pub. in BioCycle, p40-43 Apr 89. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Re-
duction Engineering Lab.
Operating experiences and cost data gathered from
site visits of eight, full scale, operating in-vessel
sewage sludge composting facilities was summarized.
The facilities visited represented the six in-vessel
equipment suppliers who had full scale, operating
plants in the U.S. at the time: American Bio Tech at
Schenectady, NY; Ashbrook-Slmon-Hartley at New-
berg, OR; Fairfield (through Compost Systems Co.) at
Pittsburgh, NY; Paygro (through Compost Systems
Co.) at Akron, OH; Purac Engineering at Cape May
County, NJ and Sarasota, FL; and Taulman-Weiss at
Clayton County, GA and Portland, OR. Examples of
both large and small plants were visited for Purac and
Taulman-Weiss. As might be expected for any new,
large scale, mechanically complex technology, these
facilities had some operational problems. Odor prob-
lems in particular were more difficult to predict and
control than anticipated during design. Difficulty with
materials handling systems was the other major prob-
lem, but was being overcome on a site-by-slte basis.
The compost being produced at all of the plants sur-
veyed had been approved by state agencies for public
use except for application on food crops.
Keywords: 'Sewage sludge, 'Solid waste disposal,
'Cost analysis, 'Site surveys, Performance evaluation,
Materials handling, Odor control, Operating costs,
Design criteria. Farm crops, Fertilizers, Reprints,
'Composting, 'Waste utilization.
PB90-119744/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Terra Vac In situ Vacuum Extraction System: Ap-
Pllcatlons Analysis Report.
oster Wheeler Enviresponse, Inc., Livingston, NJ.
P. A. Michaels. Jul 89,65p EPA/540/A5-89/003
Contract EPA-68-03-3255
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The report analyzes the results from the SITE Pro-
gram's 56-day demonstration at the Valley Manufac-
tured Product Company's site in Groveland, Massa-
chusetts. Conclusions were reached concerning the
technology's suitability for use in remediations involv-
ing both similar and different materials at other sites.
Operational data and sampling and analysis informa-
tion were monitored carefully to establish a database
against which vendor's claims for the technology could
be evaluated. Additional data on the technology's per-
formance at other sites is also discussed. The conclu-
sions from the results of the Groveland demonstration
test and from other available data are: the process can
be used to remediate a site contaminated with VOCa;
the process can remove VOCs from soils with permea-
bilities as low as 10 to the 8th power cm/s; the process
operates well in all weather conditions; and the proc-
ess implementation costs can be as low as $20/ton,
depending on various site-specific conditions.
Keywords: "Site surveys, 'Hazardous materials,
'Vacuum apparatus, "Extraction, "Water pollution
control, Operation, Sampling, Permeability, Process
charting, Performance evaluation, Economic analysis.
Ground water, "Volatile organic compounds, "Super-
fund program, "Remedial action. "Waste manage-
ment, Groveland(Massachusetts), Technology utiliza-
tion, Case studies, Land pollution, Clean-up oper-
ations.
PB90-119751/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Superfund Treatability Clearinghouse Abstracts.
Camp, Dresser and McKee, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
Aug 89,121 p* EPA/540/2-89/001
Contract EPA-68-01-6939
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC, Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response.
The abstracts were compiled to provide information on
treatability 9tudies that have been conducted at haz-
ardous waste sites. The studies presented contain
treatability data only on technologies for treatment of
soil and debris. The clearinghouse may address other
media in the future. The abstract provides operational
and performance information as well as identifying the
primary contaminants of concern. A contact is identi-
fied to obtain more specific information about the site
and/or tests conducted.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Bibliographies,
'Waste treatment. Abstracts, Performance evaluation.
Operation, Site surveys, Soils, Contaminants, 'Super-
fund program, 'Clean-up operations, 'Remedial
action, "Land reclamation, Technology utilization
Waste management, Land pollution.
PB90-119785/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Directory of Information Resources Related to
Health, Exposure, and Risk Assessment at Air
Toxics.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air Risk Information Support Center.
Aug 89,92p* EPA/450/3-88/015
Prepared in cooperation with Eastern Research
Ins* Arlin/itftn UA
Many State and local agencies are developing or Im-
plementing programs to control emissions of toxic air
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
in many cases, agency personnel must be familiar with
a wide range of issues related to health, exposure, and
risk assessment for toxic air pollutants. However, lo-
cating appropriate sources of information on these
topics is not always an easy task. The directory has
been prepared by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency's Air Risk Information Support Center (Air
RISC) as a resource tool for state and local air pollu-
tion control agencies and EPA Regional Offices to
identify useful sources of information regarding health,
exposure, and risk assessments for toxic air pollutants.
Keywords: 'Directories, 'Air pollution, Risk, Exposure,
Organizations, Data bases, Information services,
'Toxic substances, Airborne pollutants.
PBSO-119942/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Development of a Methodology lor Regional Eval-
uation of Confining Bed Integrity. Research rept.
Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater. Dept. of Geology.
G. F. Stewart, and W. A. Pettyjohn. Jul 89,133p EPA/
600/2-89/038
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
For safe underground injection of liquid waste, confin-
ing formations must be thick, extensive, and have low
permeability. Recognition of faults that extend from the
potential injection zone to underground sources of
drinking water is critical for evaluation of confining-bed
integrity. Nonproprietary geologic information from or-
dinary sources can be used to map localities suspect-
ed to be injection-insensitive. Materials include
remote-sensing imagery, aerial photographs, surface-
geologic maps, and subsurface-geologic maps; struc-
tural geologic maps, thickness maps and initial-pro-
duction maps are useful. Persons with limited experi-
ence can use data bases and computer mapping to
generate well-suited information, but input by experi-
enced geologists is necessary.
Keywords: 'Injection wells, 'Geologic structures,
'Confined environments, Safety, Brines. Sources,
Aerial surveys, Remote sensing, Water pollution
abatement, Potable water, Geological maps, Stratigra-
phy, Geological surveys, 'Liquid waste disposal, 'Un-
derground disposal, 'Regional analysis.
PB90-119989/HSU	PC A18/MF A03
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Terrestrial Ecosystem Exposure Assessment
Model (TEEAM).
Woodward-Clyde Consultants, Oakland, CA.
J. D. Dean, K. A. Voos, R. W. Schanz, and B. P.
Popenuck. Aug 89,401 p EPA/600/03-88/038
Contract EPA-68-03-6304
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Athens,
GA.
The Terrestrial Ecosystem Exposure Assessment
Model is a computer code that simulates toxic organic
chemical exposures to wildlife. The approach was to
build a code generally applicable to a diverse range of
terrestrial ecosystems that could be parameterized to
represent various ecosystem types. The initial focus,
however, was on pesticide exposure to small and
medium-size birds in agricultural settings. Using
TEEAM, the environmental analyst can compute the
probability of wildlife exposure in evaluating the regis-
tration or regulation of pesticides. The model, which
consists of seven computational modules, simulates
the environmental concentrations of pesticides In air,
ephemeral surface ponds, soil, soil water and soil gas.
plant roots and aboveground plant biomass, and ani-
mals in the food chain. These media serve as vectors
for end-point species exposure to pesticides. The
model computes both toxicant loadings to, and whole
body concentrations in, the end-point species. To
compute the probability of wildlife exposures to these
environmental concentrations, the model Is equipped
with a Monte Carlo pre- and post-processing capabil-
ity. The model documentation contains a discussion of
model theory, code installation and execution, param-
eter guidance and programmer's-ievel model descrip-
tion. Also described Is ATTEAM, a simplified analytical
version of the food chain portion of the model.
Keywords: 'Computerized simulation, 'Organic com-
pounds, 'Wildlife, 'Environmental surveys, 'Pesti-
cides, Regulations, Concentration(Composition),
Monte Carlo method, Water pollution, Air pollution,
Plants(Botany), 'Terrestrial ecosystems, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Biological effects, Land pollution, Food
chain, Bioaccumulation.
PB90-120023/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Scope of Work: Effects of Global Climate Change
on Agroecoeystems.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. L. Phillips. Aug 89,23p EPA/600/3-89/076
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Research and Development (ORD), is initiating a
Global Climate Change Program to evaluate the po-
tential environmental effects of climate change. The
document describes one project, Effects of Global Cli-
mate Change on Agroecosystems, which will be ad-
ministered at the EPA Environmental Research Labo-
ratory-Corvallis as part of the ORD program. The docu-
ment describes the areas in which research will be un-
dertaken in the project over the next five years. The
document presents the scientific questions that must
be addressed in order to answer important public
policy needs concerning the potential environmental
effects of global climate change on agroecosystems
and it describes the general research approaches that
will be used to answer the scientific questions.
Keywords: 'Climate changes, 'Agriculture, 'Green-
house effect, 'Ozone, Carbon dioxide, Methane, Nitro-
gen oxide, Exposure, Soil analysis, Conservation, Ul-
traviolet radiation, 'Environmental impact.
PB90-120031/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Interim Protocol for Testing the Effects of Micro-
bial Pathogens on Litter Mlcroarthropode.
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.
T. D. Schowalter. Oct 89,24p EPA/600/3-89/075
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
The methods described in the interim testing protocol
will have to be adapted to specific microbial agents,
depending on the microbial pest control
agents(MPCA) mode of action. Rickettsias, proto-
zoans, bacteria, and viruses usually enter arthropods
orally. Tests of these MPCAs should involve contami-
nation of food. By contrast, fungi often infect arthro-
pods through the integument. Testing of contact path-
ogenicity is recommended for fungal MPCAs. Mi-
croarthropods in the soil and litter would be sheltered
from direct application of MPCAs but would become
exposed to MPCAs entering the litter, either through
contact with contaminated surfaces or through inges-
tion of contaminated material. Tests outlined here are
designed to test effects of contact or ingestion at field
rates and maximum hazard dose rates of exposure to
MPCAs, on microarthropod survival, reproduction, and
feeding rate.
Keywords: 'Soil microbiology, 'Arthropoda, Food con-
tamination, Animal nutrition, Exposure, Bacteria, Vi-
ruses, Protozoal diseases, Mortality, Rickettsial dis-
eases, 'Biological pest control, Dose-response rela-
tionships, Pathogenicity.
PB90-120049/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Toxicity Bloaeaay and Eluate Heavy Metals Analy-
sis Results of the Bench Scale Stabilization Study
of Soils from the United Chrome Superfund NPL
(National Priority List) Site Corvallis, Oregon.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Oct 89,21 p EPA/600/3-89/074
In support of Environmental Protection Agency Region
10 and their United Chrome studies, the staff at Envi-
ronmental Research Laboratory-Corvallis performed
toxicity bioassays and selected chemical analyses.
Direct toxicity tests (i.e. using soil as the medium) and
indirect toxicity tests (i.e. using eluates obtained from
the samples) were performed. The report presents test
results for toxicity bioassays and chemicai analyses for
heavy metals.
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Toxicity, 'Chemical analysis
'Chromium, Bloassay, Stabilization, Tables(Data),
•Soil contamination, 'Superfund program, 'Bench-
scale experiments, Corvallis(Oregon), Mutagenicity
PB90-120056/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Risk of Unsaturated/Saturated Transport and
Transformation of Chemical Concentrations
(RUSTIC). Volume 1. Theory and Code Verifica-
tion.
Woodward-Clyde Consultants, Oakland, CA.
J. D. Dean, P. S. Huyakorn, A. S. Donigian, K. A. Voos,
and R. W. Schanz. Jul 89,221 p EPA/600/3-89/048A
Contract EPA-68-03-6304
See also Volume 2, PB90-120064. Prepared in coop-
eration with HydroGeoLogic, Inc., Herndon, VA., and
AQUA TERRA Consultants, Mountain View, CA. Spon-
sored by Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Documentation for RUSTIC has been produced in two
volumes. The subject of Volume I is model theory and
code verification or testing. It contains a description of
the theory underlying the PRZM, VADOFT, and SAFT-
MOD codes. The description of each code includes a
brief overview highlighting the features and limitations
of each code. This is followed by detailed descriptions
of the algorithms involved in each code and how they
are solved numerically. The description of each of
these models concludes with a section on algorithm
testing. The fifth section of Volume I contains a de-
scription of the theory behind the linkage of the three
codes to provide a cohesive simulation of the move-
ment of pesticides following application, through the
root zone, the vadose zone, and the saturated zone to
a drinking water well. Section 6 of Volume I covers the
theory behind the uncertainty preprocessor. Volume I
concludes with model development references and
appendices.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Potable water, 'Water wells,
'Mathematical models, 'Water pollution,
Plants(Botany), Farm crops, Monte Carlo method. Ex-
posure, Probability theory, Coding theory,'Environ-
mental transport, "Path of pollutants, RUSTIC model,
Pesticide Root Zone Model, Vadose Zone Flow and
Transport Model, Saturated Zone Flow and Transport
Model
PBS0-120064/HSU	PC A16/MF A02
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Risk of Unsaturated/Saturated Transport and
Transformation of Chemical Concentrations
(RUSTIC). Volume 2. User's Qulde.
Woodward-Clyde Consultants, Oakland, CA.
J. D. Dean, P. S. Huyakorn, A. S. Donigian, K. A. Voos,
and R. W. Schanz. Jul 89,357p EPA/600/3-89/048B
Contract EPA-68-02-6304
See also Volume 1, PB90-120056. Prepared in coop-
eration with HydroGeoLogic, Inc., Herndon, VA., and
AQUA TERRA Consultants, Mountain View, CA. Spon-
sored by Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Volume II is a model user's guide. It opens with an in-
troduction and a section on tne installation of the code
on the target computer systems. Section 3 has a user-
directed overview of the model software, simulation
modules, and a description of data bases for simula-
tion support and parameter estimation. The fourth sec-
tion takes the user through problem definition and
model setup, and module input sequence building.
Section 5 covers parameter estimation for the execu-
tion supervisor and each computational module. Sec-
tion 6 takes the user through an example problem.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Potable water, 'Water wells,
'Mathematical models, 'Water pollution,
Plants(Botany), Farm crops, Monte Carlo method, Ex-
posure, Probability theory, Coding theory, Data proc-
essing, 'Environmental transport, 'Path of pollutants,
RUSTIC model, User manuals(Computer programs)
Pesticide Root Zone Model, Vadose Zone Flow and
Transport Model, Saturated Zone Flow and Transport
Model, Data base management.
PB90-120072/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Sensitivity of Ecological Landscapes and Regions
to Global Climatic Change.
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.
R. P. Neilson, G. A. King, R, L. DeVelice, J. Lenihan,
and D. Marks. Sep 89,193p EPA/600/3-89/073
Contract EPA-68-C8-0006
Prepared in cooperation with NSI Technology Services
Corp., Corvallis, OR. Sponsored by Corvallis Environ-
mental Research Lab., OR.
Increasing awareness of the potential impacts from
global climatic change has elicited a storm of research
planning among all tne major federal agencies. One of
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
the primary difficulties confronted in the planning effort
is the need to objectively define clear priorities for re-
search dollars. The report is an attempt to contribute
to the process of defining those priorities by scientifi-
cally defining specific regions, ecological systems and
attributes of those systems that might be particularly
sensitive to climatic change. Two approaches to ad-
dressing sensitivity have been defined, intrinsic sensi-
tivity and sensitivity relative to a particular stressor. In-
trinsic sensitivity is gauged by past variations in differ-
ent ecosystems. Extrinsic or stressor relative sensitivi-
ty addressed the same question, but from the perspec-
tive of a particular stress.
Keywords: 'Climatic changes, "Environmental sur-
veys, 'Research projects, Hydrology, Forecasting,
Weather,	Biological	surveys,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Runoff, Natural resources,
Seasonal variations, Biomass, Vegetation, Forestry,
'Regional analysis, 'Ecosystems, 'Global aspects.
Federal agencies, Comprehensive planning.
PB90-120098/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 207: Coumaphos.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
27 Sep 89,10p EPA/540/FS-89/067
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred: Issuance or reissuance
of a registration standard, Issuance of each special
review document, Registration of a significantly
changed use pattern, Registration of a new chemical,
or An immediate need for information to resolve con-
troversial issues relating to a specific chemical or use
pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Insecticides, Hazardous ma-
terials, Chemical properties, Regulations, Toxicology,
Ecology, Agricultural products, Organic phosphates,
"Toxic substances, 'Coumaphos, Path of pollutants,
Chemical information fact sheet, Use patterns, Sci-
ence findings, CAS 56-72-4.
PB90-120106/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Control Technology Center.
Evaluation of Emission Control Options at Leeds
Architectural Products.
Engineering Science, Fairfax, VA.
J. N. Bolstad. Sep 89,79p EPA/450/3-89/001
Contract EPA-68-02-4398
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Control Technology Center.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Control
Technology Center evaluated feasible alternatives to
control emissions of volatile organic compounds
(VOC) from a specialty aluminum coating facility in CT.
The facility desired to increase its use of high VOC
content liquid polyvinylidene fluoride (PVF) Kynar(R)
coatings. The report examines several options for
emission control by incineration of spray booth and
bake oven exhaust gases. The report also discusses
the development of Kynar(R) powder coatings, other
PVF powder coatings and triglycidyl isocyanurate
(TGIC) polyester powder coatings with performance
characteristics similar to liquid Kynar(R) coatings.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Surface coatings,
"Aluminum industry, Plastic coatings, Connecticut,
Substitutes, Economic analysis, Design criteria, Per-
formance evaluation, "Volatile organic compounds,
"Best technology, "Vinyiidene fluoride resins, Kynar,
Isocyanuric acia/(triglycidyl-ester), Incineration.
PB90-120122/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Control Technology Center.
Affordablllty Analysis of Lead Emission Controls
for a Smelter-Refinery. Final rept.
JACA Corp., Fort Washington, PA.
T M. Scherer. Oct 89,35p EPA/450/3-90/001
SDonsored by Environmental Protection Agency, He-
search Triangle Park, NC. Control Technology Center.
The document evaluates the affordability and econom-
ic impact of additional control measures deemed nec-
essary for a smelter-refinery to meet the lead emission
standard. The emphasis in the analysis is on the
impact of control costs on the smelter-refinery's profit-
ability. The analysis was performed using control cost
data from two different lead smelter studies in conjunc-
tion with other existing industry data.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Smelters, "Refiner-
ies, "Cost analysis, Performance standards, Substi-
tutes, Taxes, Capitalized costs, 'Lead industry, 'Pollu-
tion economics, Herculaneum(Missouri), Standard
compliance.
PB90-120130/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Resistively Heated Catalytic Converter with Air In-
jection for Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide and Hy-
drocarbons at Reduced Ambient Temperatures.
Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology and Applications Branch.
G. K. Piotrowski. Sep 89, 35p EPA/AA/CTAB-89/06
A resistively-heated metal monolith catalytic converter
together with a belt-driven air pump was evaluated on
a gasoline-fueled vehicle. The system was evaluated
on a gasoline-fueled light-duty vehicle over the Federal
test procedure (FTP) cycle at 20 F ambient conditions.
Description of the test program, vehicle description,
test facilities and analytical methods, testing results
and future efforts are included.
Keywords: 'Catalytic converters, 'Motor vehicle en-
gines, 'Exhaust gases, Exhaust systems, Carbon
monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Air pollution abatement,
Automotive fuels, Federal test procedure.
PB90-120148/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
MOBILE4 Exhaust Emission Factors and Inspec-
tion/Maintenance Benefits for Passenger Cars.
Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Technical Support Staff.
E. L. Glover, and D. J. Brzezinski. Aug 89,66p EPA/
AA/TSS/IM-89/3
The MOBILE4 Tech IV Credit Model is used to esti-
mate the emission factor equations, the effects of In-
spection and Maintenance (l/M) programs, and the
bag fraction equations for 1981 and later passenger
cars. The model's results are then stored in the EPA
MOBILE4 emission factor model database. The report
describes the development, use and results of the
Tech IV model. It also documents the normalized bag
fractions, high altitude emission factors, biennial l/M
credits, and idle emission l/M credits used in
MOBILE4.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Passenger vehicles, 'Com-
puterized simulation, Information systems, Exhaust
emissions, Computer programs, "Emission factors,
"Motor vehicle maintenance, "Motor vehicle inspec-
tion, "MOBILE4 model, High altitude environments.
PB90-120536/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Overview of Photovoltaic and Battery Applica-
tions. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology and Applications Branch.
J. D. Murrell, and K. H. Hellman. Oct 89,14p EPA/AA/
CTAB-89/07
The use of solar cells and batteries for power genera-
tion and vehicle propulsion is examined in the report.
Issues such as energy uses and fuel sources, solar
electric power, energy storage for solar photovoltaic
systems, batteries for electric cars and applications for
other mobile sources are also discussed.
Keywords'. "Electric batteries, "Photovoltaic cells,
"Electric vehicles, Solar energy, Fuel consumption,
Electric generators, Solar power generation, Mobile
power generation, Economic analysis, Electric power
demand.
PB90-120544/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Draft Test Report: A Performance Test on a Spray
Dryer, Fabric Filter, and Wet Scrubber System.
Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
S. Garg. Oct 89,128p EPA/530/SW-90/008
Also pub. as Radian Corp., Rese arch Triangle Park,
NC. Progress Center rept. no. DCN-89-232-011-
03406. Prepared in cooperation with Radian Corp.,
Herndon, VA. Dulles Technology Center.
The EPA's Office of Solid Waste (OSW) is currently de-
veloping regulations to control emissions of products
of incomplete combustion, particulate matter and toxic
metals from hazardous waste incinerators. Emissions
data to support these regulations was collected and
testing was conducted on a toxic substances control
waste incinerator between 4/25-27/89. EPA's objec-
tives were to collect particulate and metals removal ef-
ficiency and emissions data for the combined spray
dryer and baghouse system and the total air pollution
control system; characterize the fate of waste feed
metals through the incineration and air pollution con-
trol systems; and evaluate the potential use of a surro-
gate metal 'soup' as a means of assessing control effi-
ciencies and establishing allowable waste feed con-
centrations for toxic metals.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Perform-
ance tests, "Scrubbers, Air filters, Combustion prod-
ucts, Afterburners, Exhaust gases, Drying apparatus,
Air pollution abatement, Incinerators, "Fabric filters,
"Spray drying.
PB90-120692/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Effects of Selenium on Mallard Duck Reproduc-
tion and Immune Function.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
P. L. Whiteley, T. M. Yuill, and A. Fairbrother. Nov 89,
63p EPA/600/3-89/078
Prepared in cooperation with Wisconsin Univ.-Madi-
son. School of Veterinary Medicine.
Selenium from irrigation drain water and coal-fired
power stations is a significant environmental contami-
nant in some regions of the USA. The objectives were
to examine whether selenium-exposed waterfowl had
altered immune function, disease resistance, or repro-
duction. Pairs of adult mallards were exposed for 95-
99 days on streams with sodium selenite-treated water
at 10 and 30 ppb, or on untreated streams. Selenium
biomagnified through the food chain to the ducks. Dis-
ease resistance was decreased in ducklings hatched
on the streams and challenged with duck hepatitis
virus 1 (DHV1) when 15-days old. Liver selenium con-
centrations for these ducklings on the 10 and 30 ppb
streams was 3.6 and 7.6 ppm dry weight respectively.
Mortality of ducklings purchased when 7-days old, ex-
posed to selenium for 14 days, and challenged when
22-days old was not affected. However, their selenium
exposure was lower (liver selenium 4.1 ppm dry weight
for the 30 ppb stream). Five parameters of immune
function were measured in adult ducks. Phagocytosis
of killed Pasteurella multocida by blood heterophils
and monocytes, and blood monocyte concentrations
were higher in adult males following 84 days exposure
to 30 ppb selenium. Their liver selenium concentra-
tions were 11.1 ppm dry weight after 95-99 days expo-
sure.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Reproduction(Biology), "Se-
lenium, "Ducks, "Industrial wastes, Tables(Data), Ex-
posure, "Water pollution effects(Animals), "Immune
system, Plaque assay, Hemagglutination tests. De-
layed hypersensitivity, Phagocytosis.
PB90-120759/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5k
Byron Selvage Yard, IL. (Third Remedial Action),
June 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Reaponse.
30 Jun 89,59p EPA/ ROD/R05-89/089
The Byron Salvage Yard site is in rural Ogle County, Il-
linois and is approximately 3 miles southwest of the
city of Byron. During the 1960s the salvage yard owner
accepted miscellaneous wastes and debris for dispos-
al including drums of electroplating wastes, oil
sludges, cutting wheels, solvents, and scrap metal. In-
dustrial waste dumping reportedly occurred on the site
during periods of heavy rainfall so that most of the
waste would be carried off site by the resulting surface
water runoff. In 1978 the Illinois EPA documented the
presence of cyanide and heavy metals in soil, surface
water, and ground water in and around the site. In situ
treatment of cyanide-contaminated soil less than 100
mg/kg was performed but low levels of cyanide still
remain. Water quality sampling, performed in 1994, re-
vealed that offsite ground water was contaminated wi
th VOCs, primarily TCE. The two aquifers which under-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
lie and surround the site contain elevated levels of
VOCs, metals, and cyanide. The selects remedial
action for this site includes removing all wastes gener-
ated during the remedial investigation; adding a one-
foot soil cover to the affected portions of the site and
regrading and revegetating the new surface.
Keywords: 'Sites, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste dis-
posal, Ground water, Monitoring, Contamination,
Waste treatment, Water wells, Runoff, Cyanides, Chro-
mium, Arsenic, Organic compounds, Electroplating,
Sludge, Solvents, Metals, Record of Decision, 'Super-
fund, 'Ogle County(lllinois), Byron Salvage Yard.
PB90-120767/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
Celanese (Shelby Fiber Operations), NC. (Second
Remedial Action), March 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
28 Mar 89,131p EPA/ROD/R04-89/046
The 450-acre Celanese Fiber Operations (CFO) site is
a polyester raw-material production facility located in
Cleveland County, North Carolina. The plant's facilities
Include a plant production area, wastewater treatment
area, former waste disposal areas, and a land farm
area. The plant began operations in 1960 as Fiber In-
dustries, Inc. and manufactured polyester polymer chip
and filament yarn using the chemicls dimethyl ter-
ephthalate and ethylene glycol. Chemical wastes were
dumped directly Into a drainage ditch. Trested effluent
has Been discharged to Buffalo Creek since the mid-
1960s when Fiber Industries, Inc. completed construc-
tion of the treatment facility. Celanese Corporation
bought the site and facilities in 1983. In addition to the
discharge from the wastewater treatment plant, CFO
also discharges also discharges alum-treated band-
caster water directly to Buffalo Creek. A 1988 Record
of Decision addressed extraction and treatment of
contaminated ground water. The primary contami-
nants of concern affecting the soil and sediment are
VOCs including benzene and TCE; other organics in-
cluding phenols and PAHs; and metals including lead
and chronlum.
Keywords: 'Sites, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste dis-
posal, Ground water, Monitoring, Contamination,
Waste treatment, Soils, Phenols, Metals, Vaporizing,
Organic compounds, Benzene, Toulene, North Caroli-
na, Record of Decision, 'Superfund, 'Cleveland
County(North Carolina).
PB90-122128/HSU	PC A16/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Risk Screening
Qulde (Version 1.0). Volume 1. The Process.
Volume 2. Appendices. Final rept.
Eastern Research Group, Inc., Arlington, MA.
0. Klauder, and L. Saunders. Jul 89,355p* EPA/560/
2-89/002
Contract EPA-68-C8-0033
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Toxic Substances.
The guide describes some of the challenges raised by
the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) data and to suggest
ways of approaching them. The guide suggests steps
that can be taken to answer two key issues of concern:
setting risk-based priorities for followup investigation
of the TRI facilities and chemicals within geographic
area of interest, and identifying data needs and ap-
proaches for collecting information necessary to re-
spond to heelth and ecological questions from the
public. The guide is directed at those individuals who
are Involved In interpreting and explaining environmen-
tal pollution, exposures, and health risks to the general
public, especially at the local or sub-State level. Many
users of the guide will already be well-versed in evalu-
ating risk and/or In helping members of the public un-
derstand and deal with toxic chemicals, but Title 111-
paiDcularly, the Section 313 release data - presents
new challenges for everyone.
Keywords: Guidelines, 'Environmental surveys, 'In-
dustrial wastes, 'Chemical compounds, 'Hazardous
materials, Sources, State government. Local govern-
ment, Potable water, Community development, Waste
disposal, Information systems, Exposure, Public
health, Toxicology, 'Toxic substances, 'Risk assess-
ment, 'Toxic Chemical Release inventory, Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act, Environment
management.
PB90-122151/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision F,
Revised Policy for Acute Toxicity Testing.
Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
22 Sep 88,13p EPA/540/09-90/072
See also PB89-124077.
In response to the need to improve scientific and regu-
latory decisions and to provide additional guidance for
evaluating the acute toxicity of chemical exposures
under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenti-
cide Act and the Toxic Substances Control Act. The
action builds upon a previous revision of the acute tox-
icity testing strategy to reduce the use of experimental
animals wnile providin g adequate information about
chemical safety. The Environmental Protection
Agency is disseminating the notice to industry, govern-
mental bodies, scientific societies, animal welfare
groups and interested parties. The Agency's acute tox-
icity testing guidelines are being revised to reflect the
positions articulated in the policy.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Guidelines, 'Toxicology,
'Lethal dosage, Exposure, Revisions, Laboratory ani-
mals, 'Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide
Act, Bioaccumulation, Pollution regulations, Risk as-
sessment.
PB90-122227/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Pesticide Assessment Guidelines, Subdivision F,
Hazard Evaluation: Human and Domestic Animals.
Series 81-1, Acute Oral Toxicity. Addendum 8 on
Data Reporting.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
R. P. Zendzian, 0. E. Paynter, and Gardner. Oct 89,
62p EPA/540/09-90/071
See also PB89-124085.
The Data Reporting Guideline (DRG) for Acute Oral
Toxicity, Acute Dermal Toxicity, Subchronic and
Chronic Dog Series, Subchronic Oral Toxicity (90-day
Study), Subsections Chronic Toxicity Studies, Onco-
genicity Study and Combined Chronic Toxicity/Onco-
genicy Studies (Rodent Studies), Repeated Dose
Dermal Toxicity: (2 1-day Study and Subchronic Toxici-
ty Study: 90-day Study). Reproductive and Fertility Ef-
fects, also Mutagenicity Studies, gives guidance to
pesticide registrants on the format of their study report
so that the Agency can review it efficiently. The guid-
ance clarifies sections in the existing Pesticide As-
sessment Guidelines, Subdivision F, on data reporting.
It provides an outline for the study report which data
submitters can use in preparing their reports for sub-
mission to EPA to meet 40 CFR158 data requirements
for the registration of pesticides. The DRG for the
series are only one of a number of DRGs published by
the National Technical Information Service as an ad-
dendum to Subdivision F of the Pesticide Assessment
Guidelines.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Guidelines, 'Toxicology,
Lethal dosage, Laboratory animals,
Reproduction(Biology), Fertility, Mutagens, Dermatolo-
gy, 'Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide
Act, Risk assessment, Bioaccumulation.
PB90-122243/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Registration Standard for Pesticide Products
Containing Coumaphoe as the Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 89,140p EPA/540/ RS-89/068
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of date requirements
and data gaps. Also Included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Environmental surveys,
Chemical properties, Insecticides, Toxicology, Ecolo-
Si, Exposure, Manufacturing, Genetics, Tables(Data),
enetics, Marking, Labels, Revisions, 'Standards
compliance, 'Coumaphos, 'Pesticide residues, Path
of pollutants, Thiophosphoric acid/(diethyl-ester)
(chloro-methyl-oxo-benzopyranyl), Pollution regula-
tions, CAS 56-72-4, Environmental effects.
PB90-122441/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Bally Ground Water Contamination, PA. (First Re-
medial Action), June 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Jun 89, 86p EPA/ROD/R03-89/070
The Bally Ground Water site is a municipal water
supply well field in the Borough of Bally in Berks
County, near the Philadelphia metropolitan area. Since
the 1930s degreasing solvents containing methylene
chloride, TCA, methanol, toluene, and TCE have been
used in manufacturing at the plant. One of the plant's
facilities includes a drum storage area which contains
empty drums, waste oil, and spent degreasers. A 1982
State water quality check identified the plant as a
source of VOC contamination in Bally's municipal
wells. Results of additional ground water contamina-
tion studies indicated that 19 of 35 wells sampled, con-
tained detectable levels of VOCs. Currently a plume of
VOC-contaminated ground water extends from the
plant to the east and northeast. The selected remedial
action for this site includes abandoning appropriate
wells in the attainment area; pumping and treatment of
ground water from Municipal Well No. 3 by air stripping
with either vapor phase carbon, regenerate vapor
phase carbon, or vapor phase catalytic oxidation, fol-
lowed by discharging treated water to an adjacent
stream or into the municipal potable water system.
Keywords: "Sites, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste dis-
posal, 'Water supply, Ground water, Monitoring, Con-
tamination, Waste treatment, Water wells, Manufactur-
ing, Solvents, Organic compounds, Toluene. Chloro-
methane, Carbinols, Record of Decision, 'Superfund,
Berks	Caunty(Pennsylvania),
Philadelphia(Pennsylvania).
PB90-122458/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Wauconda Sand and Gravel, IL. (Second Remedial
Action), March 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
31 Mar 89,113p EPA/ROD/R05-89/088
The 74-acre Wauconda Sand and Grave I site includes
52 acres of perm itted and unpermitted landfill areas
and is located in Lake County, I linois, north of the vil-
lage of Wauc onda. From 1941 to mid 1978, the the
site owner accepted primarily nnonhazardous munici-
pal, redidential, commercial, and industrial wastes;
there are, however, an estimated 30 ,000 cu yds of
hazardous wastes ons ite. The landfill was closed in J
uly 1978 and was subsequently cove red by a layer of
clay and soil.
Keywords: 'Sites, 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials,
•Waste disposal, Ground water, Monitoring, Contami-
nation, Waste treatment, Water wells, Organic com-
pound, Vinyl chloride, Benzene, Metals, Methane,
Record of Decision, 'Superfund, Lake County(lllinois).
PB90-122664/HSU	PC A99/MF E04
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Opinion
on Selected Pesticides: Dated June 14,1989. (Re-
vised September 14,1989).
Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC.
14 Sep 89,892p EPA/540/09-89/066
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Pesticide Programs.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) Biological Opin-
ion on selected pesticides which was completed on
June 14, 1989, and revised on September 14, 1989.
The document is a result of a new refined analysis by
EPA in determining if pesticides may affect threatened
or endangered species and represents a new ap-
proach by FWS in evaluating EPA's request for biologi-
cal consultation. EPA reinitiated consultation partly at
the request of the FWS to allow FWS to incorporate
new spiecies and incidential take s tatements. The Bio-
logical Opinion is organized in five sections: Section I -
lists the assumption FWS used in developing the Opin-
ion; Section II - presents determinations of the effects
of 112 pesticides on one or more of 165 listed species;
Section III - presents profiles of affected species, in-
cluding their potential for e«x>sure to pesticides; Sec-
tion IV - lists those species for which maps or location
descriptions were provid ed separately, as requested
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
by EPA; Section V - presents chemical data sheets
which, with hazard data provided in the request, assist-
ed the evaluation of the potential (or exposure and
effect on listed species.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Aquatic biology, 'Mammals,
Aquatic animals, Herbicides, Insecticides, Acaricides,
'Endangered species, "Environmental effects, List-
ings, Chemical information fact sheet.
PB90-122672/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
Aberdeen Pesticide/Fairway Six, NC. (First Reme-
dial Action), June 1089.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Jun 89, 93p EPA/ROD/R04-89/047
The Aberdeen Pesticide Dumps/Fairway Six site is a
former disposal area in Moore County, North Carolina,
approximately 1.6 mles west-northwest of Aberdeen.
In August 1984 the State was alerted that pesticides
had been disposed of at annd around the site for a
number of years. A State insection revealed that soil
and debris were contaminated with pesticides. In June
1985 EPA initiated an emergency response action to
excavateand remove onsite contaminated surface soil
and two buried trenches. The soil and debris were dis-
posed of offsite. The predominant contaminants of
concern affecting the soil and debris are chlorinated
organo-pesticides. The selected remedial action for
this site includes excavating and homogenizing stock-
piled pesticide-contaminated wastes; treating homog-
enized wastes in an onsite, mobile thermal treatment
facility and reinjecting process wastewater or scrubber
blowdown into the thermal treatment facility.
Keywords: 'Sites, 'Hazardous materials, "Waste dis-
posal, Pesticides, Ground water, Monitoring, Contami-
nation, Waste treatment, Soils, Organic compounds,
Record of Decision, 'Superfund, Moore County(North
Carolina).
PB90-122771/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Kimberton, PA. (Second Remedial Action), June
1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Jun 89,109p EPA/ROD/R03-89/072
The Kimberton site is in Chester County, Pennsylvania,
near the Philadelphia metropolitan area. The site en-
compasses an industrial production plant currently
owned by Monsey Products Company, Inc., and adja-
cent properties within the neighboring Village of Kim-
berton. Water quality testing since 1981 has revealed
numerous area domestic and commercial potable well
water supplies contaminated with VOCs. An EPA in-
vestigation in the spring of 1982 revealed the presence
of organics, including TCE and DCE, in local ground
water, surface water, and soil. In mid 1982, fifty seven,
55-gallon drums from an abandoned onsite septic
system were excavated, removed, and disposed of off-
site. In 1984 a remedial action program was initiated to
excavate, remove, and dispose of approximately 2,050
cu yds of soil from three former lagoon areas that were
highly contaminated with VOCs. In 1985,67 residential
and commercial wells were sampled and found to con-
tain various concentrations of TCE, DCE, and vinyl
chloride. The selected remedial action for this site in-
cludes the continued provision of alternate water sup-
plies through GAC treatment system and/or potable
water supply storage tanks; pumping and treatment of
ground water using an air stripping system with onsite
discharge; long-term ground water monitoring; collec-
tion and treatment of surface water at the local ground
water discharge point using an air stripping system.
Keywords: 'Sites, 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Ground water, Monitoring, Contami-
nation, Waste treatment, Water wells, Water pollution,
Vaporizing, Organic compounds, Soils, Excavation,
Removal, Surface waters, Record of Decision, 'Super-
fund, 'Chester County(Pennsylvania).
PB90-124058/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Construction Incentive Guidance.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of the Assistant Administrator for Water.
May 89,30p EPA/430/09-89/005
1428 Vol. 90, No. 24
The purpose of the guidance is to encourage the use
of the construction incentive (CI) clause in the EPA
Construction Grants Program and the State Revolving
fund (SRF),
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, Guidelines, Cost anal-
ysis, Contract administration, Construction manage-
ment, Proposals, "Construction Grants Program,
"State Revolving Fund Program, 'Construction incen-
tive clause, Federal Water Pollution Control Act of
1956, Compliance.
PB90-124173/HSU	PC A08
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Laskin/Poplar Oil, OH. (Third Remedial Action),
June 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Jun 89,161 p EPA/ROD/R05-89/091
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The 9-acre Laskin/Poplar Oil site is in Jefferson Town-
ship, Ashtabula County, Ohio. Included on the site are:
a residence, a greenhouse complex, a boiler house/
garage containing 4 boilers, a smokestack, 4 oil stor-
age pits, 1 underground and 32 above ground oil stor-
age tanks, a retention pond, a freshwater pond, and
miscellaneous small buildings. In the 1960s storage
pits and tanks were installed to store waste oil for the
boilers that heated the greenhouses. The Poplar Oil
Company continued to accept the waste oil throughout
the 1960s and 1970s. In 1981 EPA found PCBs in
onsite ground water and soil which resulted in several
emergency actions. The primary contaminants of con-
cern affecting the soil, onsite structures, and debris are
organics including PCBs, PAHs, pesticides, and dioxin;
and metals including lead. The selected remedial
action for the site is described.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Site surveys, 'Oil
wastes, 'Storage tanks, Ground water, Water pollu-
tion, Public health, Exposure, Substitutes, Liquid
wastes, Metals, Cost analysis, Law enforcement.
Leakage, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Pesti-
cides, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial action, Ashta-
bula County(Ohio), Dibenzodioxin/tetrachloro, Land
pollution, Risk assessment, Polychlorinated biphenyls.
PB90-124371/HSU	PC A08
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
Sheridan Disposal Services, TX. (First Remedial
Action), December 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Dec 88,169p EPA/ROD/R06-89/049
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The 110-acre Sheridan Disposal Services site is ap-
proximately 9 miles northwest of the city of Hempstead
in Waller County, Texas. The site is located on the
100-year floodplain of the Brazos River. The Evange-
line aquifer, which runs under the site, is used to meet
the drinking water needs of several communities
nearby. Sheridan Disposal Services operated as a
commercial waste disposal facility from about 1958 to
1984 using steam distillation, open burning, inciner-
ation, and direct disposal into a waste lagoon to dis-
pose of various organic and inorganic chemical and
solid wastes. The primary contaminants of concern af-
fecting the soil and sludge are VOCs including ben-
zene and toluene, and other organics including PCBs.
The selected remedial action for the site includes ex-
cavation of all material with PCB concentrations great-
er than 25 mg/kg including 13,000 cu yds of pond and
dike soil, 31,000 cu yds of pond sludge, and 300 cu yds
of floating oil and emulsion in the pond and storage
tanks. This will be followed by onsite biotreatment of
contaminated soil, sludge, etc.
Keywords: "Sites, "Hazardous materials, "Waste dis-
posal, Ground water, Monitoring, Contamination,
Waste treatment, Water wells, Incinerators, Organic
compounds, Benzene, Toluene, Biphenyl, Excavation,
Waste treatment, Record of Decision, "Superfund,
Hempstead(Texas), Waller County(Texas), Polychlori-
nated biphenyl.
PB90-124579/HSU	PC A10/MF A02
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
Bower's Landfill, OH. (First Remedial Action),
March 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
24 Mar 89,215p EPA/ROD/R05-89/087
The 12-acre Bowers Landfill site is in rural Pickaway
County, Ohio, within the Scioto River floodplain. Fif-
teen residences lie within a 0.5-mile radius of the site.
Information on the types and quantities of waste dis-
posed of at the site is not readily available; however,
landfill operations, which started in 1958, consisted
solely of municipal refuse disposal until 1963. From
1963 to 1968, however, industrial refuse and chemical
wastes were also disposed of at the site. Operations
ended in 1968. The primary contaminants of concern
affecting the soil, sediment, debris, and ground water
are VOCs including PCE and benzene, other organics
including PAHs and PCBs, metals including lead and
chromium, and other inorganics. The selected remedi-
al action for the site is described.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste
disposal, "Site surveys, Industrial wastes, Chemical
compounds, Ground water, Water pollution, Public
health, Substitutes, Sediments, Aromatic polycyclic hy-
drocarbons, Metals, Inorganic compounds, Cost analy-
sis, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial action, 'Waste
management, Pickaway County(Ohio), Municipal
wastes, Land pollution, Volatile organic compounds
Polychlorinated biphenyls, Risk assessment.
PB90-124587/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Bog Creek Farm, NJ. (Second Remedial Action),
June 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
28 Jun 89, 48p EPA/ROD/R02-89/078
The Bog Creek Farm site is a 4-acre disposal area con-
sisting of a man-made pond, bog, and trench in Howell
Township, Monmouth County, New Jersey. The site is
bordered to the north by Squankum Brook, to the west
by two residences and a riding stable, and to the south
and north by open fields. Between 1973 and 1974 or-
ganic solvents and paint residues were dumped
around a trench in the eastern portion of the property
creating a highly contaminated soil area. In late 1974
the property owner removed some waste from the dis-
posal trench and covered the trench under direction
from the Howell Township Health Department. A 1985
Record of Decision selected a first operable unit
remedy that involved excavating the soil from the
waste trench, pond, and bog areas and incinerating
the soil onsite. The second operable unit focuses on
remediating the contaminated ground water in the
shallow aquifer and the contaminated brook sediment.
The primary contaminants of concern affecting the
sediment and ground water are VOCs including ben-
zene, toluene and xylenes; and other organics includ-
ing phenols. The selected remedies for the site are de-
scribed.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Site surveys
'Waste disposal, Ground water, Water pollution, Sedi-
ments, Aquifers, Incineration, Substitutes, Phenols,
Organic compounds, Cost analysis, Law enforcement,
'Superfund program, 'Remedial action, 'Land recla-
mation, Monmouth County(New Jersey), Volatile or-
ganic compounds, Land pollution, Air quality.
PB90-125121/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lao^
Characterization of a Solid Sorbent with Crystal-
lite Size and Strain Data from X-ray Diffraction
Line Broadening. Journal article Oct 87-Aug 88.
Acurex Corp., Research T riangle Park, NC.
F. E. Briden, and D. F. Natschke. c1989,7p EPA/600/
J-89/129
Contract EPA-68-02-4701
Pub. in Advances in X-ray Analysis, v32 P437.440
1989. Presented at the Annual Conference on the Ap-
plications of X-ray Analysis (37th), Steamboat Springs
CO., August 1-5, 1988. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper gives results of the characterization of a
solid sorbent with crystallite size and strain data from
x-ray diffraction line broadening, as part of an EPA in-
vestigation of the injection of dry Ca(OH)2 into coal-
fired electric power plant burners for the controlaf
S02 emissions. For the study, seven Ca(OH)2 sorbent
materials were evaluated for percent conversion in an
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
S02 and 1 sec residence time. Study results indicated
that reactivity was directly proportional to the RMS
strain at average column length and to the RMS strain
at the column length of maximum frequency of occur-
rence. The reactivity was seen to be inversely propor-
tional to the crystallite column dimensions.
Keywords: 'Calcium hydroxides, 'Sulfur dioxide,
"Electric power plants, *Air pollution control, X ray dif-
fraction, Sorbents, Zinc oxides, Combustion, Coal-fired
power plants.
PB90-125204/HSU	PC A14/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Design Manual: Fine Pore Aeration Systems.
American Society of Civil Engineers, New York. Com-
mittee on Oxygen Transfer.
Sep 89,316p EPA/625/1 -89/023
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
In 1985, The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) funded a Cooperative Research Agreement
(No. CR812167) with the American Society of Civil En-
gineers (ASCE) (hereinafter referred to as the EPA/
ASCE Fine Pore Aeration Project) to evaluate the ex-
isting data base on fine pore diffused aeration systems
in both clean and process waters, to conduct field
studies at a number of municipal wastewater treatment
facilities employing fine pore aeration, and to prepare
the manual. The manual has been assembled based
on the evaluation and analysis of data collected over
the last 4 years. It has been written to provide engi-
neers, regulatory personnel, and others involved in
fine pore aeration system design and installation the
most current design and 0 and M (Operation and
Maintenance) information available.
Keywords: 'Aeration, 'Manuals, 'Fines, 'Activated
sludge process, 'Porosity, Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, Operations, Maintenance, Control
equipment, Economic analysis, Dlffusers, 'Sewage
treatment plants, Case studies.
PB90-12S360/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Region 10 Environmental Indicators, FY 88 Sum-
Ewironmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Jun89,172p EPA/910/9-89/017
See also P889-115224.
The report is EPA Region 10's second annual summa-
ry report of environmental indicators for air, water, and
land media. The Region's programs in air, water,
toxics, pesticides, and hazardous waste are attempt-
ing to characterize their progress in addressing envi-
ronmental pollution via the measures described in the
report The FY 88 report builds upon the FY 87 docu-
ment by adding FY 88 data, refinements to FY 87 indi-
cators, and several new measures.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Air pollution,
'Water pollution, Hazardous materials, Indicator spe-
cies, Management, Sediments, Fisheries, Environmen-
tal indicators, Land pollution.
PB90-125378/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Outdance Manual for LU8T (Leaking Underground
Storage Tank) Cleanups In Illinois, September
1S8B. Interim rept.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field Div. of Land Pollution Control.
Sep 89,184p IEPA/LPC-89/263
The Guidance Manual explains Illinois Environmental
Protection Agency's (IEPA) Leaking Underground
Storage Tank (LUST) Program. It Is designed to assist
the owners and operators of Illinois' underground stor-
age tank systems in dealing with releases of petroleum
products from their systems. The manual is presented
in a step by step format so that tank owners and opera-
tors may easily fulfill the requirements of Illinois Regu-
lations and understand IEPA procedures. The manual
covers all aspects of dealing with LUSTs, from how to
determine if a release of petroleum product has oc-
curred, to how to clean up the release, to how to obtain
reimbursement for most of the money spent dealing
with the release from the Illinois Underground Storage
Tank Fund.
Keywords: 'Storage tanks, 'Underground storage, 'Il-
linois, Petroleum products, Manuals, Requirements,
Leakage, Cost analysis, Financing, Ground water,
Cleanup.
PB90-125659/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Uncertainty Analysis of Runoff Estimates from a
Runoff Contour Map. Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
B. P. Rochelle, D. L. Stevens, and M. R. Church.
C1989,10p EPA/600/J-89/134
Pub. in Water Resources Bulletin, v25 n3 p491-498
1989. Prepared in cooperation with NSI Technology
Services Corp., Corvallis, OR., and Eastern Oregon
State Coll., La Grande.
The US EPA in cooperation with the USGS conducted
an analysis to quantify the uncertainty associated with
interpolating runoff to specific sites using a runoff con-
tour map. Tne authors interpolated runoff to 93 gaged
watersheds from a runoff contour map using: (1) hand
interpolation to the watershed outlet, (2) a computer
interpolation to the watershed outlet, and (3) hand in-
terpolation to the watershed centroid. The authors
compared the interpolated values to the actual gaged
values and found that there was a bias in the average
interpolated value for runoff estimated at basin outlets,
with interpolated values being less than the actual.
The authors found no significant difference between
the hand interpolation method and the computer inter-
polation method except that the computer method
tended to have higher variability due to factors inher-
ent to the software used. There were no strong spatial
correlations or regional patterns in the runoff interpola-
tions, which indicates that there are no regional biases
introduced in the development of the contour map.
The authors determined that they could estimate
runoff, on the average within approximately 15% of the
measured value using the three methods.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Water pollution, 'Watersheds,
Maps, Estimates, Mathematical models, Regional
planning, Comparison, Interpolation, Uncertainty anal-
ysis.
PB90-125667/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Classifying Soils for Acidic Deposition Aquatic Ef-
fects: A Scheme for the Northeast USA. Journal ar-
ticle.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. J. Lee, D. A. Lammers, D. L. Stevens, K. W.
Thornton, and K. A. Wheeler. C1989,13p EPA/600/J-
89/135
Pub. in Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Jnl., v53 p1153-1162 1989.
Prepared in cooperation with Department of Agricul-
ture, Washington, DC., Eastern Oregon State Coll., La
Grande, and FTN Associates, Little Rock, AR.
The Direct/Delayed Response Project (DDRP) Is esti-
mating the number of lakes and streams in three U.S.
regions that might become acidic due to current or al-
tered levels of acidic deposition, and the long-term
time scales involved. Because of the influence of soils
on aquatic chemistry, DDRP acquired data on soils
that were mapped, sampled, and analyzed consistent
methods across the regions. In the northeastern USA,
about 600 soils were identified during mapping of 145
watersheds. Because statistically adequate sampling
of every soil was impractical the soils were grouped
into 38 sampling classes. Each of these classes was
sampled across several watersheds. The properties of
soil on specific watersheds (or portions thereof) can be
estimated from the regional means and variances of
the sampling classes and the percent occurrence of
sampling classes on each watershed. The paper de-
scribes now the sampling classes for the northeastern
USA were developed, the definitions of the classes,
and the characteristics of soils within the classes.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Streams, 'Lakes, 'United
States, Estimates, Soils, Water chemistry. Aquatic biol-
ogy, Watersheds, Sampling, Statistical tests, Neutraliz-
ing, Mapping, Reprints, Acid precipitation.
PB90-128675/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Reassessment of the Economic Effects of Ozone
on U.S. Agriculture. Journal article.
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Agricultural and
Resource Economics.
R. M. Adams, J. D. Glyer, S. L. Johnson, and B. A.
McCarl. C1989,11p TECHNICAL PAPER-8812, EPA/
600/J-89/136
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v39
P960-968 1989. Prepared in cooperation with Texas A
and M Univ., College Station. Dept. of Agricultural Eco-
nomics. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
The ability of economists to assess the agricultural ef-
fects of one important pollutant, tropospheric ozone,
has been improved by the recently completed National
Crop Loss Assessment Network (NCLAN). The struc-
ture, protocols and initial plant science findings of the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency program have
been presented in previous journal articles. In related
articles the authors reported the economic conse-
quences of those preliminary ozone crop yield effects
and summary plant science findings have now been
published. The authors provide here a more complete
analysis of estimated benefits from reductions in tro-
posphere ozone based on the final results of the
NCLAN plant science research. While uncertainties
still remain, these improvements would result in more
defensible estimates of the magnitude of ozone's ef-
fects on U.S. agriculture.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Agricultural economics, 'Eco-
nomic impact, Protection, Farm crops, Yield, Esti-
mates, Troposphere, Mathematical models, Assess-
ments.
PB90-125683/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Defining Regional Populations of Lakes for the
Assessment of Surface Water Quality. Journal arti-
NSI Technology Services Corp., Corvallis, OR.
C. B. Johnson, T. J. Sullivan, and D. J. Blick. c1989,
10p EPA/600/J-89/137
Contract EPA-68-C8-0006
Pub. in Water Resources Bulletin, v25 n3 p565-572
Jun 89. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
Topographic maps are commonly used to define popu-
lations of lakes in regional surveys of surface water
quality. To illustrate the effect of diferent maps on that
process, the authors compared the lakes represented
on the 1:250,000 scale maps used for the Northeast
Region of the Eastern Lake Survey - Phase l(ELS-1) to
the lakes on the sample of large-scale maps. Lake
areas at or near the lower limit of representation delim-
ited 'smallest-lake' values for the compared
1:250,000-scale maps. Lake representation is influ-
enced by cartographic limitations such as map scale,
age, and complexity as well as the inherent variability
of waterbodies. The total number of lakes on large-
scale maps increased markedly as lake area de-
creased. Approximately 15,700 of the estimated
29,000 lakes in the EPA's Northeast Region were 1 to
4 ha in area.
Keywords: 'Water chemistry, 'Lakes, 'Water pollu-
tion, Topographic maps, Surveys, Populations, Cartog-
raphy, Area, Size determination, Surface waters, As-
sessments.
PB90-125691/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Predicting the Future Long-Term Effects of Acidic
Deposition on Surface Water Chemistry: The
Direct/Delayed Response Project. Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
M. R. Church. c1989,6p EPA/600/ J-89/138
Color .illustrations reproduced in black and white. Pub.
in EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union,
v70 n35 p801-802,812-813 1989.
In 1984 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) (as part of the National Acid Precipitation As-
sessment Program (NAPAP)) initiated a project to esti-
mate potential future effects of acidic deposition on
the chemistry of lakes and streams. The project (called
the Direct/Delayed Response Project (DDRP) has fo-
cused its attention on surface waters in regions of the
eastern U.S. thought to be most vulnerable to effects
of acidic deposition. The project has combined region-
al surface water chemistiy data with a unique regional
watershed and soil survey undertaken within the
project. The DDRP is applying a variety of analyses in-
cluding the use of three independently-derived water-
shed models of acidic deposition effects.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Surface waters, 'Water
chemistry, Lakes, Streams, Watersheds, Soil surveys.
Acid Precipitation Assessment Program.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-125709/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Agricultural Economics of Environmental Change:
Soma Lessons from Air Pollution. Journal article.
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Agricultural and
Resource Economics.
R. M. Adams, and T. D. Crocker. c1989,15p EPA/
600/J-89/139
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Management, v28 p295-
307 1989. Prepared in cooperation with Wyoming
Univ., Laramie. Dept. ol Economics. Sponsored by
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
The agricultural consequences of global climate
change are the latest in a series of major environmen-
tal concerns facing policy makers. As agencies begin
to consider investments in global climate change re-
search, it is instructive to examine existing conceptual
and empirical analyses of similar problems. In the
paper, the authors explore the understanding that
economists have acquired about the consequences of
air pollution-included crop damages. These studies ad-
dress research questions likely to arise in global cli-
mate change research and thus reduce the initial infor-
mation required to understand the agricultural implica-
tions of climate change. A set of nine common themes
is drawn from the extant literature. In addition, unique
research challenges likely to emerge in climate
change assessments are discussed.
Keywords: "Climatic changes, "Air pollution. Policies,
Economic factors, Farm crops, Damage assessment,
Reprints, Global.
PB90-125717/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
National Science Foundation, Washington, DC.
Nitrogen Saturation In Northern Forest Ecosys-
tems: Excess Nitrogen from Fossil Fuel Combus-
tion May Stress the Biosphere. Journal article.
New Hampshire Univ., Durham.
J. D. Aber, K. J. Nadelhoffer, P. Steudler, and J. M.
Melillo. C1989,11p EPA/600/J-89/140
Grant EPA-R-8706203
Pub. in Bioscience, v39 n6 p378-386, 1989. Prepared
in cooperation with Marine Biological Lab., Woods
Hole, MA. Ecosystems Center. Sponsored by National
Science Foundation, Washington, DC., and Corvallis
Environmental Research Lab., OR.
In the article the authors provide a formal definition of
nitrogen saturation and set forth a series of testable
hypotheses regarding the states of forest ecosystem
response to cnronic nitrogen deposition. These hy-
potheses are used to suggest early indicators of nitro-
gen saturation and to discuss the potential implications
of nitrogen saturation of forest ecosystems over large
geographic areas. Possible effects include elevated
concentrations of nitrate, aluminum, and hydrogen in
streams, which would decrease water quality; frost
damage or other disruptions of physiological function
that would reduce productivity in conifer stands; in-
crease cation leaching from soils and nitrate losses
that would lead to reduced soil fertility and increased
acidity; and possible increases in emissions of trace
gases such as nitrous oxide, which may alter atmos-
pheric chemistry and contribute to the warming of
Earth's atmosphere (the greenhouse effect).
Keywords: "Precipitation(Chemistry), "Nitrogen, "For-
estry, "Air pollution, Nitrogen dioxide, Atmospheric
composition, Plant nutrition, Deposition, Nitrification,
Methane, Fertilizers, Soil fertility, Microorganisms,
Plants(Botany), Accumulation, Nitrogen cycling, Acid
rain, Ecosystems.
PB90-12S72S/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Stable Isotope Ratios and Contaminant Concen-
trations in a Sewage: Distorted Food Web. Journal
article.
Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA. Environmental
Sciences Div.
R. B. Spies, H. Kruger, R. Ireland, and D. W. Rice.
C1989, 15p EPA/600/J-89/141 ,, ERLN-NX08
Pub. in Marine Ecology Progress Series, v54 p157-170
1989. Prepared in cooperation with Kruger Labs.,
Cambridge, MA. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Concentrations of selected neutral organic contami-
nants and stable isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen and
deuterium/hydrogen in invertebrates and fish were
compared from near a large, 60m deep municipal
waste outfall near Los Angeles, California, where
1430 Vol. 90, No. 24
waste has a measurable influence on the structure of
the marine food web, and from a reference area off
Santa Barbara, California. Objectives were to investi-
gate (1) the degree of utilization of sewage organic
matter in the food web, especially by 3 species of fish,
(2) differences in contaminant accumulation between
these benthophagous fish and (3) the behavior of or-
ganic contaminants relative to each other and to or-
ganic matter through several trophic levels. Isotopical-
ly lighter carbon and nitrogen and higher concentra-
tions of most chlorinated hydrocarbons were found in
tissues of organisms from near the outfall.
Keywords: "Outfall sewers, "Sewage disposal, "Water
pollution, Municipalities, Food chains, Chlorohydrocar-
bons, Organic compounds, Marine biology, Fishes, In-
vertebrates, Carbon, Nitrogen, Deuterium, Hydrogen,
Reprints, Trophic level, Los Angeles(California).
PB90-125733/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Direct Measurement Technique lor Determining
Ventilation Rate In the Deposit Feeding Clam
'Macoma nasuta' (Blvalvla, Tellinaceae). Journal ar-
ticle.
Environmental Research Lab.-Narragansett, Newport,
OR. Mark O. Hatfield Marine Science Center.
D. T. Specht, and H. Lee. c1989,10p EPA/600/J-89/
142, ERLN-N030
Pub. in Marine Biology, v101 p211 -218 1989.
An exposure chamber, the 'clambox', was developed
to measure ventilation rate, sediment processing rate,
and efficiency of pollutant uptake by Macoma nasuta,
Conrad, a surfacedeposit-feeding clam. Clams, col-
lected from Vaquina Bay, Oregon, USA, were cement-
ed into a hole in a piece of rubber dental dam so that
the inhalant siphons were separated by a membrane.
The dental dam was then clamped between two glass
chambers. The inhalant and exhalant siphons were
thus diirected into separate chambersof the device so
that the amount of water or feces discharged into the
exhalant camber provided direct measure ventilation
rate and sediment processing rate, respectively. The
shor-term pattern was for ventilation to be intermittent-
ly interrupted, essentially ceasing for 12 to 120 min,
followed by a short period of active ventilation and
thhen a resumption of the normal rate.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Clams, "Water pollution, "Ya-
quina Bay, Ventilation, Experimental data, Respiration,
Exposure, Water flux, Bioassay, Oregon, "Macoma
nasuta.
PB90-125741/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Acute Toxicity of Sediment from Eagle Harbor,
Washington, to the Infaunal Amphlpod 'Rhepox-
ynius abronius'. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Narragansett, Newport,
OR. Mark O. Hatfield Marine Science Center.
R. C. Swartz, P. F. Kemp, D. W. Schults, G. R.
Ditsworth, and R. J. Ozretich. C1989,10p EPA/600/J-
89/144, ERLN-N041
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v8
p215-222 1989.
Creosote-contaminated sediment from one station
(EH08) in Eagle Harbor, Washington, is among the
most toxic sediment yet tested from U.S. estuaries and
coastal waters. The total concentration of 13 polynu-
clear aromatic hydrocarbons in EH08 sediment was
6,461 mg/kg (dry wt.). The concentrations of phenan-
threne and fluoranthene in this sediment were more
than two orders of magnitude greater than their acutely
lethal concentrations. In dilution experiments with un-
contaminated sediment from Yaquina Bay, Oregon,
the 4-d LC50 of EH08 sediment to the amphipod Rhe-
poxynius abronius (Barnard) was 666 mg/kg (wet wt.).
Sediment from other stations within 150 m of EH08
was not acutely toxic to Rhepoxynius, indicating the
patchiness of sediment contamination and toxicity in
Eagle Harbor.
Keywords: "Creosote, "Toxicity, "Crustacae, 'Eagle
Harbor, "Estuaries, Aromatic Polycyclic hydrocarbons,
Sediments, Concentration(Composltion), Mortality, Ya-
quina Bay, Oregon, Washington(State), Tests, Re-
prints, "Rhepoxynius abronius, Amphypod, LC50.
PB90-125758/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Effects of a Contaminated Dredged Material on
Laboratory Populations of the Tublcolous Amphl-
pod 'Ampelisca abdlta'. Journal article.
Science Applications International Corp., Narragan-
sett, Rl.
K. J. Scott, and M. S. Redmond. C1989,16p EPA/600/
J-89/147,, ERLN-X129
Contract EPA-68-033529
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment,
v12, American Society for Testing and Materials, Spe-
cial Technical Publication no. 1027, p289-303 1989.
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Narra-
gansett, Rl.
Short-term and full life cycle toxicity tests have been
conducted with Ampelisca abdita as part of the joint
COE-EPA field Verification Program (FVP). These
studies comprised a portion of the effects assessment
component of a risk analysis describing the hazards
associated with aquatic disposal of dredged materials
from Black Rock Harbor (BRH), Connecticut. The spe-
cific objective of these toxicity tests was to document
the sensitivity of Ampelisca's chronic endpoints to a
range of contaminated suspended particulate concen-
trations. In long-term exposures of 56 days, amphipod
growth and intrinsic rate of population growth, r, were
impaired at all BRH sediment exposures. In all cases,
the reduction in population growth rate was a function
of slower growth of females, causing a longer time to
maturity, which was coupled with a reduced egg pro-
duction at maturity because the females were smaller.
Keywords: "Crustacae, "Spoil, 'Dredging, 'Solid
waste disposal, "Black Rock Harbor, Toxicity, Growth,
Populations, Females, Maturation, Eggs, Production,
Reprints.
PB90-125766/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Analytical Variation in the Determination of the
Fatty Acid Composition of Standard Preparations
of Brine Shrimp 'Artemla': An Interlaboratory Ex-
ercise. Journal article.
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Dept. of Zoology.
P. Leger, D. A. Bengtson, and P. Sorgeloos. C1989,
13p EPA/600/J-89/148,, ARLN-X132
Pub. in American Society for Testing and Materials
Special Technical Publication 1027, p413-423 1989!
Prepared in cooperation with Ghent Rijksuniversiteit
(Belgium). Sponsored by Environmental Research
Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
An international interlaboratory exercise was conduct-
ed to investigate the variability associated with the
preparation and analysis of samples and the reporting
of fatty acid composition data for two samples of Arte
mia supplied to the laboratories by the Artemia Refer-
ence Center (ARC). Results reported to the ARC indi-
cated that intralaboratory variability in determinations
of total lipid content and fatty acid composition by the
area-percent method was generally low, with a coeffi-
cient of variation (CV) around 5 to 7% on average. In-
tralaboratory variability in determination of fatty acid
composition by the mg/g method was higher, win* CVs
greater than 10% in several cases. In tnis case, data
from each of the laboratories would support the deci-
sion to use these particular Artemia only for freshwater
organisms.
Keywords: "Fatty acids, "Toxicity, "Shrimps, Nutrition,
Growth, Reproduction, Sea water, Feeding stuffs!
Concentration(Composition), Food analysis, Upida
Reprints, "Artemia nauplii, Brine shrimp.
PB90-125774/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Apparatus for Exposing Eatuarine Aquatic Orga-
nisms to Toxicants In Constant and Fluctuating
Salinity Regimes. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
R. A. Voyer, J. C. Sinnett, and G. Modtca. c1989,11d
EPA/600/J-89/149, ERLN-839
Pub. in American Society for Testing and Materials
Special T echnical Publication 1007 p564-572 1989. '
A programmable control system for salinity has been
developed and coupled with a flow-through toxicant
exposure system. The resulting apparatus allows study
of influences of constant and fluctuating salinity re-
gimes on responses of estuarine organisms exposed
to selected pollutants. Constant and fluctuating salinitv
profiles available through use of the system (a) may be
selected to range from fresh water to full-strength am-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
able, allowing long-term study; (c) are reproducible,
thus permitting replication of treatment combinations
over time and sequential testing of several species at a
common salinity regime; and (d) can be quickly and
easily modified or substituted for by another profile.
Keywords: 'Marine microorganisms, 'Salinity, 'Marine
biology, Toxicology, Exposure, Control systems, Pro-
files, Sea water, Tests.
PB90-12S782/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Dredged Material Plume Dispersal In Central Long
Island Sound. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
W. R. Munns, and J. F. Paul. c1989,14p EPA/600/J-
89/150. ERLN-847
Pub. in American Society for Testing and Materials,
Special Technical Publication Number 1007, p82-93
1989.
A simulation model based upon in situ current velocity
data and records of disposal events was developed to
predict the chemical exposure field resulting from
dredged material disposal plumes in Central Long
Island Sound (CLIS) during the spring of 1983. In the
model, plumes are assumed to form as subthermo-
cline suspended particulate clouds which are uniform
vertically and Gaussian horizontally. Horizontal cloud
dimensions are allowed to grow with a constant diffu-
sion velocity as the plume is transported by tidal cur-
rents. The model permits estimation of increases or
elevations in suspended solids concentration above
background levels at Individual sites resulting from
multiple disposal operations. Model predictions of
time-averaged elevations compare favorably with
those estimated from tissue residues of Mytilus edulis
deployed in CLIS as part of a joint Environmental Pro-
tection Agency (EPA)/Army Corps of Engineers pro-
gram to investigate dredged material disposal options.
Keywords: 'Dredging, 'Plumes, 'Solid waste disposal,
'Long Island Sound, Dispersing, Mathematical
models. Ocean currents, Diffusion, Biphenyl, Chlorine
organic compounds, Toxicity, Exposure, Turbidity, Re-
prints, Mytilus edulis, Polychlorlnated biphenyl.
PB90-125790/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Survival, Reproduction and Bioconcentratlon in
Invertebrates and Fish Exposed to Hexachloro-
benzene. Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A V Nebeker, W. L. Griffis, C. M. Wise, E. Hopkins,
and J. A. Barbitta. C1989,13p EPA/600/J-89/151
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v8
p601-611 1989.
The cladoceran Daphnia magna, the amphipods Hya-
lella azteca and Gammarus lacustris, the annelid worm
Lumbrlculus variegatus and the fathead minnow Plme-
phales promelas were exposed to hexachlorobenzene
(HBC) In flow-through tests ranging from 2 to 68 d In
duration to determine the effects of HCB on survival,
tissue bioconcentratlon and Hyalella and Lumbriculus
growth and reproduction. No effects on survival,
growth or reproduction were observed at concentra-
tions of HCB up to saturation or at tissue HCB concen-
trations of up to 223 mlcrograms/g.
Keywords: 'Invertebrates, 'Marine fishes, 'Chloro-
benzenes, 'Water pollution, Dapnuia, Minnows,
Growth, Reproduction(Biology), Survival,
Concentration(Composltion), Crustacae, Fungicides,
Tissues(Biology), Toxicity, Re prints, Daphnia magna,
Hexachlorobenzene.
PBSO-125808/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Role of Dietary Choices In the Ability of Bob whits
to Discriminate between Insecticide-Treated and
Untreated Food. Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
R S. Bennett. c1989,10p EPA/600/J-89/152
Included in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,
v8p731-738 1989.
Tests were conducted to determine the dietary con-
centrations at which 14-d old bobwhite chicks could
discriminate between food treated with two organo-
phosphorus insecticides and untreated food. Results
of subacute dietary LC50 tests using one feeder of
treated food per cage were compared with those of
tests In which birds were presented with two feeders,
one treated, one not, or 10 feeders (5:5 or 9:1). The di-
etary concentration above which birds discriminated
between treated and untreated feeders by consuming
a greater proportion of untreated was defined as the
discrimination threshold(DT). The DT occurred at sub-
lethal dietary concentrations in all chlorpyrifos tests,
but increased in the methyl parathion tests as the
number of choices and the relative proportion of treat-
ed feeders increased. No relationship was found be-
tween mortality and the amount of active ingredient in-
gested per bird-day.
Keywords: 'Insecticides, 'Diets, 'Birds,
Concentration(Composition), Phosphorus organic
compounds, Tests, Mortality, Response, Food con-
sumption, Comparison, Reprints, LC50.
PB90-125816/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Record of Daily Growth in Otoliths of Atlantic Sll-
versldes, 'Menidia menldla', from Field and Labo-
ratory. Journal article.
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Dept. of Food Science
and Technology.
R. C. Barkman, and D. A. Bengtson. C1987,15p EPA/
600/J-87/499,, ERLN-634
Pub. in Jnl. of Fish Biology 31, p683-695 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Springfield Coll., MA. Dept.
of Biology. Sponsored by Environmental Research
Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Otoliths were removed from field-collected silversides
of age less than 3 months. Otolith diameter was highly
correlated with total length of the fish. Daily growth ring
counts for the species are known to be function of age
rather than size, so widths for the daily growth rings
provide a record of daily increases in length of the fisn.
Measurement of ring widths showed that weekly spe-
cific growth rate was greater than 70 percent at age 1
week, but declined to about 30 percent at age 1 month
and about 15 percent at age 2 months. A laboratory
experiment in which temperature was changed on a
weekly basis demonstrated that environmental varia-
bles can affect the width of rings.
Keywords: 'Growth, 'Marine fishes, Age, Removal,
Length, Ocean temperature, Salinity, Plankton, Abun-
dance, Measurement, Reprints, 'Otoliths, 'Menidia
menidia, Silversides.
PB90-125824/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Nutritional Value of Artemla: A Review. Journal ar-
ticle.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
P. Leger, D. Bengtson, P. Sorgeloos, K. L. Simpson,
and A. D. Beck. C1987,18p EPA/600/J-87/500,
ERLN-790
Pub. in Artemia Research and Its Applications, v3
p357-372 1987. Prepared in cooperation with Ghent
Rijksuniversiteit (Belgium), and Rhode Island Univ.,
Kingston. Dept. of Food Science and Technology.
Successful rearing of larval stages of aquatic orga-
nisms is a challenge for aquarium hobbyists, an aim
and tool for aquatic ecologists and ecotoxicologists,
and a necessity for the success of the aquaculturist. All
these people will agree that the primary problem in any
type of larval rearing is that of food. Ideally, one would
prefer to feed larvae their natural diet, which is charac-
terized by a wide diversity of nutritious live organisms.
Although not a 'natural' food, Artemia have been suc-
cessfully used by many as food for larval organisms. It
is perhaps surprising that such success could be at-
tained with a food from such an unusual (i.e. hypersa-
line) environment. Some recent experiences suggest
that the use of Artemia does not absolutely guarantee
success.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Aquatic biology, 'Toxicology,
'Shrimps, Diets, Larvae, Animal nutrition, Reprints, Ar-
temia.
PB90-125832/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Sister Chromatid Exchange In a Marina Poly-
chaete Exposed to a Contaminated Harbor Sedi-
ment. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
G. G. Pesch, C. Mueller, C. E. Pesch, G. R. Gardner,
and J. Heltshe. c1987,19p EPA/600/ J-87/501,
ERLN-802
Pub. in Short Term Bioassays in the Analysis of Com-
plex Environmental Mixtures V, p237-253 1987 Pre-
pared in cooperation with Science Applications Inter-
national Corp., Narragansett, Rl„ and Rhode Island
Univ., Kingston.
The report evaluates the use of SCE to measure DNA-
damaging activity associated with contaminated
dredged material. The primary objectives were to test
the applicability of the SCE technique and to field verify
any responses observed in the laboratory. The SCE
technique was applied to Nephtys incisa, an infaunal
polychaete dominant in the benthic community of Long
island Sound. The SCE response was measured in l\T
incisa exposed in the laboratory to suspended and
bedded phases of sediments dredged in Black Rock
Harbor (BRH), Connecticut, and in N. incisa sampled
along a transect of stations at the Central Long Island
Sound (CLIS) site where BRH material was disposed.
Keywords: 'Worms, 'Marine biology, 'Waste disposal,
'Long Island Sound, Dredging, Spoil, Response, Black
Rock Harbor, Licenses, Sediments, Deoxyribonucleic
acids, Adsorption, Sampling, Chromosomes, Marking,
Laboratories, Connecticut, Reprints, 'Nephys incisa,
Polychaete, Sister Chromatid Exchange.
PB90-125840/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Effect of Intraspeclflc Density on Life History
Traits and Population Growth Rate of 'Neanthes
arenaceodentata' (Polychaeta: Nereidae) in the
Laboratory. Journal article.
Science Applications International Corp., Narragan-
sett, Rl.
C. E. Pesch, R. N. Zajac, R. BB. Whitlatch, and M. A.
Balboni. C1987,12p EPA/600/J-87/502,, ERLN-820
Contract EPA-68-03-3529
Pub. in Marine Biology, v96 p545-554 1987. Spon-
sored by Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett,
Rl.
The effects of intraspecific density on life history traits
and population dynamics of the nereid polychaete
Neanthes arenaceodentata Moore were assessed in a
laboratory experiment. Survival, growth, and fecundity
were measured for one generation of worms at densi-
ties of 40, 80 and 160 worms per 840 cu cm. Density
did not affect size (prior to pairing), percentage of
worms paired, time to pairing, or size of mature paired
males. Density did have a significant negative effect on
survival, size of mature paired females, time to spawn-
ing, percentage of females that reproduced, and
number of eggs per reproducing female. As density In-
creased, mean survival was 90.0, 80,8 and 74.0%;
mean size of mature females was 52.2, 49.2 and 48.1
segments. Increased density reduced the potential
population growth rate, for a given rate of larval survi-
vorship, was lower in the 2x and 4x treatments than
the 1x treatment. Analysis of sensitivity of to changes
in survivorship indicated that population growth rate at
the highest density was sensitive to botn changes in
larval survivorship.
Keywords: 'Worms, 'Marine biology, 'Water pollution,
Life cycles, Density(Mass/volume), Populations, Sur-
vival, Reproduction(Biology), Growth, Responses,
Toxicity, Reprints, 'Neanthes, Polychaeta.
PBS0-125857/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Potential Role of Bloactlvatlon in Tumor Promo-
tion: Indirect Evidence from Effects of Phenol,
Sodium Cyclamate and Their Metabolites on Met-
abolic Cooperation In vitro. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
A. R. Malcolm, and L. J. Mills. c1987,14p EPA/600/J-
87/503, ERLN-837
Pub. in Modern Environmental Toxicology, v14 p237-
249 1987. Prepared in cooperation with Science Appli-
cations International Corp., Narragansett, Rl.
Current scientific opinion appears to be that bioactiva-
tion is not of general importance in tumor promotion.
Recent studies of inhibition of metabolic cooperation
(exchange of low molecular weight substances
through gap junctions) between cultured mammalian
cells by selected tumor promoters and their metabo-
lites suggest that the promoting effects of some
chemicals might occur through metabolic products.
Phenol and sodium cyclamate are cases in point. Stud-
ies conducted In the laboratory show that phenol, a
promoter of mouse skin tumors, fails to inhibit metabol-
ic cooperation between Chinese hamster V79 cells;
however, five metabolites of phenol suppress meta-
bolic cooperation in a concentration-related fashion. In
similar studies, soodium cyclamate, a possible promot-
er of bladder cancer in rats, is a weak inhibitor of meta-
bolic cooperation between V79 cells, but three meta-
bolics of sodium cyclamate are stronger inhibitors.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
These results suggest that metabolism might be a
factor in the tumor-promoting activity of some agents.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, "Phenol, 'Carcinogens,
Sodium chloride, Reprints, "Cyclamates, 'Metabolic
activation, Phorbol dibutyrate, Tetradecanoylphorbol
acetate.
PB90-125865/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Growth Parameter and Yield Component Re-
sponse of Field Com to Simulated Acid Rain. Jour-
nal article.
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Agrono-
my.
W. L. Banwart, P. M. Porter, E. L. Ziegler, and J. J.
Hassett. C1988,11p EPA/600/J-88/432
Pub. in Environmental and Experimental Botany, v28
n1 p43-51 1988. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmen-
tal Research Lab., OR.
Acid rain occurs in the midwest. Studies to date have
suggested minimal yield response of field corn to acid
rain. However, small but significant reductions in yield
have been shown for some cultivars under extreme
conditions. To define further these yield changes the
study examined the effect of simulated acid rain on pa-
rameters associated with corn yield. Cultivars 'B73 x
Mo17' and 'Pioneer 3377' were shielded from ambient
rain by two movable rain exclusion shelters. Six simu-
lated rain treatments were applied biweekly within
these shelters through the use of a nozzle distribution
system. For the most part growth and yield parameters
were unaffected by simulated rain treatment. While the
only significant yield reduction was a contrast of pH 3.0
and the average of all other treatments for B73 x
Mo17, the reduction appears to be the result both of
slightly fewer ears and slightly less successful ear fill.
Keywords: "Acidification, 'Corn plants, 'Growth, 'Air
Pollution, "Water pollution, Exposure, Tests, Yield,
Production, Trends, pH, Seeds, Proteins, Reprints,
Acid rain.
PB90-125873/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Comparison of Robust Bayss and Classical Esti-
mators for Regional Lake Models of Fish Re-
sponse to Acidification. Journal article.
Duke Univ., Durham, NC. School of Forestry and Envi-
ronmental Studies.
K. H. Reckhow. C1988,10p EPA/600/J-88/433
Grant EPA-R-812641
Pub. in Water Resources Research, v24 n7 p1061-
1068 Jul 88. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., OR.
Empirical models of fish response to lake acidification
were recently fit to a large historical data set from the
Adirondack region of the United States using classical
and Bayesian methods. The models may be used to
predict species presence/absence for brook trout and
lake trout as a function of acid-precipitation-related
water chemistry, using a logistic function. To evaluate
the effectiveness of the models in the prediction of
presence/absence due to regional lake acidification
new data sets were used for cross validation of the
candidate models. Based on the evaluation, the robust
Bayes models, which are based on a compromise esti-
mator between Bayes and empirical Bayes, were
found to be the best predictors of species presence/
absence in lakes.
Keywords: "Trout, "Acidification, 'Lakes, 'Adirondack
Mountains, Mathematical models, Water chemistry,
Estimates, Comparison, Bayes theorem, Reprints,
'Acid precipitation, Bayes model.
PB90-125881/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Induction of Metal Binding Proteins in Striped
Bass, 'Morons saxatllus,' Following Cadmium
Treatment. Journal article.	,
Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD. School of Hy-
giene and Public Health.
§ M Bak8i,N.Libbus,andJ.M.Frazier.c1988,l1p
EPA/600/J-88/434,, ERLN-P07
Grants PHS-ES-03737, PHS-EC-000454
Pub. in Comparative Biochemistry Physiology, v91C n2
p355-363 1988, Sponsored by Environmental He-
search Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
1432 Vol. 90, No. 24
The time course of induction of cytosolic metal binding
proteins (MBP) was observed following up to three
daily intramuscular injections of cadmium chloride (0.2
mg cadmium/injection). Low molecular weight binding
proteins were resolved by gel permeation chromatog-
raphy on Sephadex G-75. Based on total metal binding
capacity, the concentration of crude MBP increased
2.6 fold. This level of induction of MBP was confirmed
by polarographic analysis. Initial binding of cadmium to
MBP resulted in displacement of zinc, while at later
times, zinc associated with MBP increased above con-
trol levels. Using 35S-cysteine incorporation, it was
shown that the rate of hepatic MBP synthesis was sig-
nificantly greater than controls and sham injected fish
18 hr after the third cadmium injection. Due to interfer-
ing proteins of molecular weights similar to the metal
binding proteins one dimensional PAGE was not capa-
ble of verifying induction. However, the metal binding
proteins were resolved using two dimensional gel elec-
trophoresis. (Copyright (c) 1988 Pergamom Press pic.)
Keywords: "Cadmium, Kinetics, Liver, Metabolism, Re-
prints, "Striped bass, "Metalloproteins, 'Morone saxa-
tilus, Gel chromatography, Polyacrylamide gel electro-
phoresis.
PB90-125899/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Accumulation of Polycylic Aromatic Hydrocar-
bons in Crankcase Oil. Journal article.
Science Applications International Corp., Narragan-
sett, Rl.
R. J. Pruell, and J. G. Quinn. c1988,11p EPA/600/J-
88/435,, ERLN-P09
Pub in Environmental Pollution, v49 p89-97 1988.
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Narra-
gansett, Rl.
The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocar-
bons (PAHs) were measured in automotive crankcase
oils. PAHs were not detected in the new oil; however,
concentrations increased rapidly with usage in the
gasoline engine of an automobile. The PAH distribu-
tions found were dominated by alkylated two- and
three-ring compounds. The concentrations of these
compounds increased until about 4000 miles and then
levelled out. Four-ring compounds continually in-
creased with miles driven, and the five-ring benzopyr-
enes were only detected in the oil used for the longest
distance (about 5800 miles).
Keywords: 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, 'Lubri-
cating oils, 'Accumulation, "Water pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Sampling, Toxicity, Car-
cinogens, Naphthalene, Biphenyl, Detection,
Tables(Data), Reprints, Benzopyrenes.
PB90-125907/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hypoxla-lnduced Respiratory Changes In English
Sole ('Parophrys vetulus Glrard'). Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Narragansett, Newport,
OR. Mark O. Hatfield Marine Science Center.
B. L. Boese. C1988,6p EPA/600/J-88/436, ERLN-
N022
Pub. in Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,
v89A n2 p257-2601988.
Laboratory measurements were made of ventilation
volume, ventilation rate, oxygen consumption rate, and
oxygen uptake efficiency or English sole (Parophrys
vetulus) subjected to a range of oxygen concentra-
tions in seawater. Oxygen consumption was constant
over various oxygen concentrations, and no critical
oxygen tension was found. As oxygen concentrations
decreased, ventilation volume and ventilation rate in-
creased, and the efficiency of oxygen extraction de-
creased (from 73 to 58% of oxygen extracted from
ventilation stream). Results suggest a moderate
degree of hypoxic tolerance in English sole.
Keywords: "Oxygen, "Respiration, 'Flatfishes, Dis-
solved gases, Hypoxia, Ventilation,
Concentration(Composition), Sea water, Measure-
ment, Reprints, 'Parophrys vetulus, English sole.
PB90-12591S/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Acute Toxicity of interstitial and Particle-Bound
Cadmium to a Marine Infaunal Amphipod. Journal
article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Narragansett, Newport,
OR. Mark O. Hatfield Marine Science Center.
P F. Kemp, and R. C. Swartz. C1986,22p EPA/600/J-
88/437, ERLN-N024
Pub. in Marine Environmental Research 26, pi 35-153
1988.
The relative acute toxicity of particle-bound and dis-
solved interstitial cadmium was investigated using a
new bioassay procedure. Interstitial concentration of
Cd was controlled by means of peristaltic pumps, al-
lowing separate manipulation of interstitial and particle
properties. Addition of small quantities of organic-rich
fine particles to sandy sediment resulted in greatly dif-
fering particle-bound Cd concentrations in sediment
with similar interstitial Cd concentrations. Analysis of
variance indicated no significant difference in the sur-
vival or ability to rebury in sediment of the phoxoce-
phalid amphipod Rhepoxynius abronius (Barnard),
when exposed to sediment with different total Cd con-
centrations but nearly equal interstitial Cd concentra-
tions; in one case LC50 data indicated slightly in-
creased mortality in sediment with higher total Cd con-
centration. At least 70.2-87.9% of mortality could be
predicted from past data on mortality based on dis-
solved Cd concentrations. The acute toxicity of Cd to
the infaunal amphipod appears to be due principally to
Cd dissolved in interstitial water.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Marine biology, "Cadmium
Bioassay, Reprints, 'Water pollution effects(Animals),
'Amphipods.
PB90-125923/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Efficiency of Uptake of Hexachlorobenzene from
Water by the Teiiinld Clam, 'Macoma nasuta'. Jour-
nal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Narragansett, Newport,
OR. Mark 0. Hatfield Marine Science Center.
B. L. Boese, H. Lee, and D. T. Specht. c1988,14p
EPA/600/J-88/438, ERLN-N025
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology, v12 p345-3561988.
A study was undertaken to determine the efficiency
with which a marine deposit-feeding clam (Macoma
nasuta) extracted hexachlorobenzene (HCB) from
water (EPW). An exposure chamber (clambox) was de-
signed that separated the inhalant and exhalant si-
phons, allowing the collection of ventilated water. Sea-
water dosed with (14)C-labeled HCB was pumped into
the inhalant chamber of the clambox. Clams were ex-
posed to three temperatures (12, 17, 22C) to vary
weight-specific ventilation volume (Vg). Loss of HCB
from the exhalant chamber precluded determination of
EPW from the difference in HCB concentrations be-
tween the inhalant and exhalant chambers. Instead
gross EPW was calculated by dividing the HCB tissue
residues by the amount of HCB to which the clam was
exposed (water ventilated x the HCB concentration)
Gross EPW averaged 82%. Correcting for non-gill
uptake (surface sorption of HCB),gill EPW averaged
64-66%, and did not decrease with increasing Vg. In
M. nasuta, Vg varied less than two-fold, which may ex-
plain the lack of a ventilation effect on EPW. HCB tis-
sueresidues were lineraly related (R (2) = 0.93) to gUI
exposure. The liner relationship between tissue resi-
dues and exposure supports a bioenergetics-based
bioaccumulation model andindicates that factors that
increase Vg, such as low oxygen concentrations,
would result in more rapid uptake and a greater body
burden. (Copyright (c) 1988 Elsevier Science Publish-
ers.)
Keywords: 'Clams, Exposure, Temperature
Tables(Data), Reprints, "Macoma nasuta, 'Pharmacol
kinetics, "Hexachlorobenzene, Tissue distribution
PB90-125931/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Culture Conditions on the Sensitivity of
a Phoxocephalid Amphipod, 'Rhepoxynius am-
bronius' to Cadmium In Sediment Journal article
Environmental Research Lab.-Narragansett, Newport
OR. Mark O. Hatfield Marine Science Center.
A. M. Robinson, J. O. Lamberson, F. A. Cole, and R c
Swartz. c1988,9p EPA/600/J-88/439, ERLN-N036 '
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry v7
p953-9591988.	J
Experiments were conducted to determine (a) the fea-
sibility of maintaining laboratory cultures of the infaunal
phoxocephalid amphipod Rhepoxynius abronius (Bar
nard), (b) the relative sensitivities of cultured versus
freshly collected adult animals, (c) the sensitivities of
adult versus juvenile R. abronius to cadmium in se£
martt and (d) the effect of handling on cultured armhT
pods. R. abronius held in sediment in a flow-throuah
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
high survival, growth and sexual maturation for periods
of up to 180 d. Cultured amphipods appeared normal
and survived well (93%) under control toxicity test con-
ditions, but were more sensitive to cadmium in sedi-
ment (LC50 = 4.4) than were freshly collected amphi-
pods (LC50 = 8.7). Differences in cadmium LC50s be-
tween size classes (LC50 = 8.2 for juveniles and 11.5
for adults) were statistically significant, but not sub-
stantial. It is recommended that large juveniles and
adults (3 to 5 mm) be used in sediment toxicity tests
because they are available from natural populations
throughout the year, and that amphipods be collected
within 14 d of use in sediment toxicity tests to minimize
the interaction between culture and contaminant
stress. (Copyright (c) 1988 SETAC).
Keywords: "Cadmium, 'Sediments, "Toxicity, Marine
biology, Growth, Survival, Reprints, "Rhepoxynius
abronius, "Water pollution effects(Animals), LC
50=4.4.
PB90-126004/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Characterization of Emissions from the Simulated
Open Burning of Scrap Tires. Final rept. Aug 88-Jun
89.
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC. Environ-
mental Systems Div.
J. V. Ryan. Oct 89,69p EPA/600/2-89/054
Contract EPA-68-02-4701
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of a small-scale combustion
study, designed to collect, identify, and quantify prod-
ucts emitted during the simulated open burning of
scrap tires. Fixed combustion gas, volatile and semi-
volatile organic, particulate, and airborne metals data
were collected u nder two burn conditions that varied
by the size of tire material. Burn rates, varied by materi-
al size, were used to estimate potential emissions of
identified products. Total estimated emissions of semi-
volatile organics ranged from 10 to 50 g/kg of tire ma-
terial burned. Monoaromatic and polyaromatic hydro-
carbons were the predominant emission products
identified. The presence of benzo(a)pyrene (BAP) in
particulate extracts is of particular concern because it
Is a known carcinogen. The presence of zinc in gase-
ous particulate collection was also verified and quanti-
fied. Several trends were evaluated relating emission
products to burn rates.
Keywords: "Combustion, "Tires, "Ignition, "Air pollu-
tion, Standards, T echnical assistance, Gases, Vaporiz-
ing, Aromatic Polycyclic hydrocarbons, Carcinogens,
Trends, Scrap tires, Hotline.
PB90-126012/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
NAPAP (National Acid Precipitation Assessment
Program) Emissions Inventory: Overview of Allo-
cation Factors, 1985. Final rept. Nov 88-Jun 89.
Alliance Technologies Corp., Bedford, MA.
R. A. Walters, L. Q. Modica, and D. B. Fratt. Oct 89,
111p EPA/600/7-89/01 OA
Contracts EPA-68-02-4274, EPA-68-02-4396
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab., and National Acid Precipitation As-
sessment Program, Washington, DC.
The report documents the development of temporal,
spatial, and species allocation factors for the 1985 Na-
tional Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
(NAPAP) anthropogenic point and area source emis-
sions inventories. These allocation factors are used to
apportion annual emissions totals into gridded, hourly,
speciated emissions estimates suitable for use as
input to atmospheric transport models such as the Re-
gional Acid Deposition Model. The temporal, spatial,
and species allocation factors are discussed in detail
in separate report sections. Each section contains a
description of the methodology for application of the
factors, a discussion of data sources, and documenta-
tion of the activities undertaken to create the allocation
factor data sets used in the 1985 NAPAP resolved
modeling inventories.
Keywords: "Acidification, "Inventories, "Air pollution,
Predpitation(Meteorology), Mathematical models,
Spatial distribution, Time series analysis, Source, As-
sessments, "Acid rain.
PB90-126020/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
CHEMFLO: One-Dimensional Water and Chemical
Movement in Unsaturated Soils. User's Manual.
Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater. Dept. of Agronomy.
D. L. Nofziger, K. Rajender, S. K. Nayudu, and P. Y. Su.
Aug 89,115p EPA/600/8-89/076
Grant EPA-R-812808
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
An interactive software system was developed to
enable decision-makers, regulators, policy-makers,
scientists, consultants, and students to simulate the
movement of water and chemicals in unsaturated
soils. Water movement is modeled using Richards
(1931) equation. Chemical transport is modeled by
means of the convection-dispersion equation. These
equations are solved numerically for one-dimensional
flow and transport using finite differences. Results of
the water model can be displayed in the form of graphs
of water content, matric potential, driving force, con-
ductivity, and flux density of water versus distance or
time. Graphs of concentration, and flux density of
chemical as functions of distance or time can also be
displayed.
Keywords: "Unsaturation, "Soil properties, "One di-
mensional flow, Decision making, Environmental
transport, Mathematical models, Convection, Dispers-
ing, Graphs(Charts), Manuals, Boundaries, Chemicals.
PB90-126038/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
EPA/IFP (Environmental Protection Agency/Insti-
tute Franeais du Petrols) European Workshop on
the Emission of Nitrous Oxide from Fossil Fuel
Combustion (Ruell-Malmaison, France, June 1-2,
1988).
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC. Environ-
mental Systems Div.
J. V. Ryan, and R. K. Srivastava. Oct 89,134p EPA/
600/9-89/089
Contract EPA-68-02-4701
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report summarizes the proceedings of an EPA/ln-
stitut Franeais du Petrole (IFP) cosponsored workshop
addressing direct nitrous oxide (N20) emission from
fossil fuel combustion. The third in a series, it was held
at the IFP in Rueil-Malmaison, France, on June 1-2,
1988. Increasing atmospheric N20 concentrations
have been linked to depletion of stratospheric ozone
(03) and to global climate warming. The combustion of
fossil fuels has been identified as a potential major an-
thropogenic source of N20. The workshop had two
goals: (1) to exchange information among various
international research and industrial groups that are in-
volved in N20 chemistry, modeling, and measurement;
and (2) to develop a network for coordinating future re-
lated efforts.
Keywords: "Fossil fuels, "Nitrogen oxide, "Combus-
tion,	"Air	pollution,	"Meetings,
Concentration(Composition), Stratosphere, Ozone, At-
mospheric composition, Measurement, Field tests,
Mathematical models, Climatic changes. Chemical
analysis, Global warming.
PB90-126046/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Toxicological Methods for Determining the Ef-
fects of Contaminated Sediment on Marine Orga-
nisms. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
R. C. Swartz. c1984,11 p ERLN-N056. EPA/600/J-84/
427
Pub. in Fate and Effects of Sediment-Bound Chemi-
cals in Aquatic Systems, p183-198 1984. Prepared in
cooperation with North Texas State Univ., Denton.
Most chemicals and waste materials discharged into
the marine environment contain fractions that eventu-
ally accumulate in sediment. Uncertainty about the ec-
ological significance of sediment contamination to
benthic, epibenthic, and pelagic communities has
prompted development of methods for testing sedi-
ment toxicity. The Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA)/Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Implemen-
tation Manual (1), mandated by the 1977 Ocean
Dumping Regulations, provided the first guidance for
sediment bioassays. During the next 7 years, a great
variety of ecotoxicological methods were used to
evaluate sediment contamination. The paper reviews
these methods and evaluates their application in regu-
latory, monitoring, and research programs.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, "Marine biology, "Sedi-
ments, "Water pollution, Toxicity, Experimental design,
Marine microorganisms, Bioassay.
PB90-126053/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Sea
Grant Program.
Cesium: Potassium Index of Food Web Structure
and Blomagnlficatlon of Trace Elements in a Pol-
luted Harbor of Southern California. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Narragansett, Newport,
OR. Mark O. Hatfield Marine Science Center.
D. R. Young, A. J. Mearns, and T. K. Jan. C1987,6p
ERLN-N029, EPA/600/J-87/496
Pub. in Heavy Metals in the Environment, v2 p74-76
1987. Prepared in cooperation with National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration. Seattle, WA., and
Los Angeles Hyperion Treatment Plant, Playa Del Rey,
CA. Sponsored by University of Southern California,
Los Angeles. Sea Grant Program.
A biological technique of quantifying trophic position in
marine food webs, and a chemical technique of quanti-
fying 'structure' in feeding relationships and resultant
biomagnification potential, were applied to a polluted
harbor ecosystem. The chemical index
(cesium:potassium ratio) indicated that the food web
sampled had a relatively high degree of structure. Nev-
ertheless, of eleven trace elements measured, only
mercury tissue concentrations systematically in-
creased with trophic level. This result is consistent with
the hypothesis that most pollutant trace elements do
not biomagnify in marine food webs.
Keywords: "Food chains, "Marine biology, Water pol-
lution, Feeding(Supplying), Sampling, Trace elements,
Mercury(MetaT), Cesium, Potassium, Ratios, Trophic
level.
PB90-126061/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, Rl.
Environmental Research Lab.
Characterization of Trace Metal Associations with
Polluted Marine Sediments by Selective Extrac-
tions. Journal article.
Science Applications International Corp., Narragan-
sett, Rl.
W. S. Boothman. C1987,9p EPA/600/J-87/497,.
ERLN-X115	,
Pub. in American Society for Testing and Matenals,
STP 976, p81-92 1987. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Narragansett, Rl. Environmental
Research Lab.
The biological availability and geochemical fate of
toxic metals in materials disposed of in the marine en-
vironment are dependent in part on the chemical forms
in which the metals are present. In order to character-
ize the associations of trace metals with particulate
matter in polluted marine sediments, samples of
dredged materials removed from Black Rock Harbor,
CT and sediments from the disposal site in Long Island
Sound collected subsequent to disposal have teen se-
quentially extracted with a series of solutions. The so-
lutions correspond to a range of conditions under
which different sediment phases can be solubilized
and operationally define four sediment fractions: ex-
changeable, weak acid soluble, oxidizable, and strong
acid soluble. In the dredge material, cadmium, copper,
and chromium are all predominantly associated with
the oxidizable fraction, that is, with sulfides and organ-
ic matter, while lead is found primarily in the residual,
strong acid soluble fraction. Data from sediment sam-
ples collected at the disposal site indicate oxidation of
the surface sediments during the warmer months and
result in the redistribution of cadmium and, to a lesser
extent, copper to the more labile exchangeable and
weak acid soluble fractions. Chromium ana lead show
little evidence of alterations in the binding of those
metals to sediments.
Keywords: "Metals, "Sediments, "Water pollution,
'Black Rock Harbor, Dredging, Solid waste disposal,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chromium, Manganese oxides, Iron oxides, Cadmium,
Copper, Long Island Sound, Particulates.
PB90-126079/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Relationships between Maternal Size, Egg Diame-
ter, Time of Spawning Season, Temperature, and
Length at Hatch of Atlantic Sllverside, 'Menldla
menldla'. Journal article.
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Dept. of Food Science
and Technology.
D. A. Bengtson, R. C. Barkman, and W. J. Berry. cMar
87,10p EPA/600/J-87/498,, ERLN-633
Pub. in Jnl. Fish Biology, v31 p697-704 1987. Prepared
in cooperation with Springfield Coll., MA. Dept. of Biol-
ogy. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Nar-
ragansett, Rl.
Eggs were stripped from gravid Atlantic silversides col-
lected on two occasions, once during the early part
and once during the late part of the natural spawning
season. Unfertilized egg diameter was not correlated
with length of the female, nor was it significantly larger
during the early part of the season. Eggs were fertilized
and incubated in the laboratory. Larval length at hatch
was measured every 24 h during the hatching period
after embryos were incubated at 18 or 25C. In most
cases (17 out of 20 at 25C, 10 out of 20 at 18C), there
was a significant decrease in length at hatch during the
hatching period for a given female's eggs incubated at
a given temperature. In the natural environment, larvae
hatched early in the season under cooler temperatures
could average 12% longer than those hatched later
under warmer temperatures, and therefore may have a
greater chance of survival.
Keywords: *Reproduction(Biology), "Marine biology,
"Marine fishes, North Atlantic Ocean, Eggs, Diame-
ters, Temperature, Females, Embryos, Length, Surviv-
al, Reprints, "Menidia menidia, Silversides.
PB90-126087/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Chromosomes of the Marine Worm 'Nephtys
inclsa' (Annelida: Polychaeta). Journal article.
Science Applications International Corp., Narragan-
S6tt, Rl.
S-9-Pesch,C. Mueller,andC. E. Pesch. c1988,7p
EPA/600/J-88/450,, ERLN-890
Contract EPA-68-03-3529
Pub. in OPHELIA, v28 n2 p157-161 Apr 88. Sponsored
by Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
The chromosome complement for the marine worm
Nephtysincisa is described for the first time. The karyo-
type consists of 19 pairs: four pairs have median cen-
tromeres; three pairs have submedian centromeres;
and twelve pairs have subterminal centromeres. The
chromosomes are relatively large, ranging in size from
4 to 11 micrometers. The large size permits application
of special techniques such as sister chromatid ex-
change. The usefulness of the application is demon-
strated with a case study that evaluates environmental
impacts of contaminated dredge material.
Keywords: "Chromosomes, "Worms, "Marine biology,
Measurement, Size determination, Dredging, Spoil,
Environmental impacts, Reprints, Dredge spoil.
PB90-126095/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Organic Chemical Waste Characterization for
Marine Disposal of Black Rock Harbor Dredged
Materials. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
P. F. Rogerson. c1988,12p ERLN-909, EPA/600/J-
88/451
Pub. in American Society for Testing and Materials,
Special Technical Publication 976 p213-222 1988.
Prepared in cooperation with Geological Survey,
Arvada, CO. Water Resources Div.
A waste characterization test was designed to deter-
mine the actual contaminants in dredged materials
that are bioavailable. Unlike many smaller freshwater
systems, marine habitats are frequently regulated on
the basis of waste bioaccumulation potential. This im-
plies that traditional chemical characterization of sedi-
ments may provide data that is not appropriate for
marine systems. A waste charactenzation procedure
was sought that would determine those contaminants
in sediment that could bioaccumulate. A highly con-
taminated urban harbor sediment from Black Rock
Harbor, Bridgeport, CT was chosen as the test maten-
1434 Vol. 90, No. 24
al. The marine bivalve, Mytilus edulis, was exposed to
suspended dredged material for 28 days in a flow-
through exposure system. These tentatively identified
contaminants were subsequently analyzed in the
dredged material and quantified when appropriate
standards were available.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Dredging, "Waste
disposal, "Black Rock Harbor, Spoil, Sediments, Accu-
mulation, Chromatographic analysis, Biphenyl, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Mussels, Tests, Reprints,
Chemicals, "Mytilus edulus, Polychlorinated biphenyls.
PB90-126103/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Lack of Effects from 2000-Hz Magnetic Fields on
Mammary Adenocarcinoma and Reproductive
Hormones In Rats. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. Baumann, R. Cooper, E. Berman, D. House, and W.
Joines. c1989,8p EPA/600/J-89/130
Pub. in Bioelectromagnetics, v10 p329-333 1989. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc./En-
vironmental Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC.,
and Duke Univ., Durham, NC.
Female rats were implanted with mammary adenocar-
cinoma tissue and 25 days later exposed to 2,000-Hz
magnetic fields 1 h a day for 9 days. Analysis showed
that tumor weights and the levels of several reproduc-
tive hormones were not significantly different between
treated and control animals. (Copyright (c) Alan R.
Liss, Inc.)
Keywords: "Adenocarcinomas, "Sex hormones,
"Electromagnetic fields, Female, Rats, Reprints, Ex-
perimental mammary neoplasms, Dose response rela-
tionships.
PB90-126111/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Role of Porosity Loss In Limiting S02 Capture by
Calcium Based Sorbents. Journal article Oct 85-Aug
87.
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
G. H. Newton, S. L. Chen, and J. C. Kramlich. C1989,
9p EPA/600/J-89/132
Contract EPA-68-02-4239
Pub. in American Institute of Chemical Engineers Jnl.,
v35 n6 p988-994 Jun 89. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The article discusses a study to determine the role of
porosity loss in limiting S02 capture by calcium based
sorbents. The extent of high temperature (900-1300
C), short time (< 1 s) S02 capture was found to be lim-
ited by temperature dependent losses in the porosity
of calcium based sorbents. At 970 C, these porosity
losses were caused by C02-activated sintering. Sulfa-
tion of the sorbents either prevented or reduced the
extent of porosity losses. Slightly lower levels of S02
capture by hydroxides from different commercial
sources and significantly lower levels of capture by
calcium carbonates compared to hydroxides were at-
tributed to differences in particle size and the degree
of porosity loss.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Porosity, "Sulfur di-
oxide, "Sorbents, "Calcium hydroxides, "Calcium car-
bonates, |njection, Area, Sintering, Carbon dioxide.
Particle size, Performance evaluation, Comparison,
Reprints, Dry methods.
PB90-126129/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Identification of CaS04 Formed by Reaction of
CaO and S02 (Journal Article). Rept. for Oct 88-Mar
89.
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
B. K. Qullett, and K. R. Bruce. C1989,5p EPA/600/J-
89/133
Contract EPA-68-02-4701
Pub. in American Institute of Chemical Engineers Jnl.,
v35 n10 p1739-1741 Oct 89. See also PB89-236392.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Ajjency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The injection of calcium-based sorbents Into coal-fired
boilers for reaction with, and reduction in the levels of,
sulfur dioxide (S02) in the flue gas has undergone con-
siderable research and development. Significant effort
has also been made in developing models for the over-
all reaction CaO + S02 + 1/2 02 <-> CaS04 in
order to better predict the effects of system and sor-
bent variables upon performance. The article dis-
cusses the XRD-determination of the identity of
CaS04, formed by the reaction between CaO and
S02, and the support of that determination by density
measurements with helium pycnometry. The anhy-
drous CaS04 compound formed has an orthorhombic
crystal structure and an analytically calculated density
of 2.98 g/cu cm, versus the JCPDS reported value of
2.995 g/cu cm. The product of the reaction, formed
during calcium-based sorbent injection for S02 remov-
al from coal-fired power plants, has largely been as-
sumed to have a density of 2.61 g/cu cm. Since reac-
tion models must incorporate the product density in
determining the rate of sorbent pore blockage or filling,
correct identification of the reaction product is crucial.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Chemical analysis,
"Calcium sulfates, "X ray diffraction, "Sulfur dioxide,
Spectrum analysis, Combustion products, Boilers, Per-
formance evaluation, Experimental design, Sorbents,
Porosity, Mathematical models, Reprints, "Limestone
injection, "Flue gas desulfurization, "Coal fired power
plants.
PB90-126426/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Preliminary Data Summary for the Pesticide
Chemicals Point Source Category.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
T. Fielding, and J. Goodwin. Aug 89,25p EPA/440/1-
89/060-E
The summaries contain engineering, economic and
environmental data about industrial facilities in various
industries discharging pollutants in their wastewaters
and considers whether the EPA should pursue regula-
tions to control such discharges. The summaries were
prepared in order to allow EPA to respond to the man-
date of Section 304(m) of the Clean Water Act. Sum-
maries for categories already subject to rulemaking
were developed for comparison purposes, and contain
only the minimum amount of data needed to provide
some perspective on the relative magnitude of the pol-
lution problems created across the categories. The
Preliminary Data Summary for the Pesticide Chemicals
Point Source category consists of early findings from
the EPA Census of Pesticide Manufacturers, and EPA
estimates of pollutant discharges (loads) for pesticide
manufacturers and pesticide formulators and packaa-
ers(PFPs).
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Water pollution control, "Sur-
face waters, "Water pollution abatement,
Tables(Data), Industrial wastes, Water quality marv
agement, Concentration(Composition), Toxicity, "Point
sources, "Water pollution sampling, Water pollution
standards, Pollution regulations, Clean Water Act of
1987, US EPA.
PB90-126434/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Preliminary Data Summary for Mm Coastal, On-
shore and Stripper Subcategories of the Oil Qas
Extraction Point Source Category.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
K. S. Troy. Sep 89,18p EPA/440/1 -89/105
The summaries contain engineering, economic and
environmental data about industrial facilities in various
industries discharging pollutants in their wastewaters
and considers whether the EPA should pursue regula-
tions to control such discharges. The summarieswere
prepared in order to allow EPA to respond to the man-
date of Section 304(m) of the Clean Water Act. Sum-
maries for categories already subject to rulemaking
were developed for comparison purposes, and contain
only the minimum amount of data needed to provide
some perspective on the relative magnitude of the pol-
lution problems created across the categories. The
document is on coastal, onshore, and stripper subca-
tegories of the oil and gas extraction industry.
Keywords: "Oil walls, "Gas wells, "Water pollution
control, "Water pollution abatement, "Surface waters
Extraction, Coasts, Concentration(Composltion>'
Tables(Data), Water quality management, "Point
sources, "Water pollution sampling, Onshore sites
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pollution regulations, Clean Water Act of 1987, US
EPA.
PB90-126459/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Preliminary Data Summary for the Hospitals Point
Source Category.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
E. Strassler, and F. H. Hund. Sep 89,79p EPA/440/1 -
89/060-N
The summaries were prepared in order to allow EPA to
respond to the mandate of Section 304(m) of the
Clean Water Act. Summaries for categories already
subject to rulemaking were developed for comparison
purposes, and contain only the minimum amount of
data needed to provide some perspective on the rela-
tive magnitude of the pollution problems created
across the categories. The document summarizes the
most current information available regarding the dis-
charge of wastewater and solid wastes containing pri-
ority and hazardous non-priority pollutants by hospi-
tals. The document provides a technical basis for de-
termining whether additional national regulations
should be developed pursuant to the Clean Water Act
(CWA), and makes available preliminary information
regarding the discharge of priority and hazardous non-
priority pollutants by the hospital industry.
Keywords: 'Hospitals, 'Water pollution control,
'Water pollution abatement, 'Hazardous materials,
'Solid waste disposal, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Chemical compounds,
Radioactive materials, Air pollution, Toxicity, 'Point
sources, 'Water pollution sampling, 'Medical waste,
Water pollution standards, Pollution regulations, US
EPA, Clean Water Act of 1987, InfectivTty, Maximum
permissible exposure.
PB90-126467/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Preliminary Data Summary for the Solvent Recy-
cling Industry.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
D. Anderson, D. DiCianna, J. Yance, and A. Tarnay.
Sep 89, 86p EPA/440/1-89/102
The summaries contain engineering, economic and
environmental data about industrial facilities in various
industries discharging pollutants in their wastewaters
and considers whether the EPA should pursue regula-
tions to control such discharges. The summaries were
prepared in order to allow EPA to respond to the man-
date of Section 304(m) of the Clean Water Act. Sum-
maries for categories already subject to rulemaking
were developed tor comparison purposes, and contain
only the minimum amount of data needed to provide
some perspective on the relative magnitude of the pol-
lution problems created across the categories. The
purpose of this ongoing work is to develop information
to characterize the solvent recycling industry as to the
scope of the Industry, its operations, and its discharges
to the nation's waters, and to identify and quantity the
pollutants discharged.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Water pollution
abatement, 'Surface waters, 'Materials recovery,
'Solvents, Cost analysis, Water quality management,
ConcentratlonjCom position), State government, Local
government, Sewers, Tabies(Data), 'Water pollution
sampling, 'Waste recycling, Environmental effects,
Water pollution standards, Pollution regulations, Clean
Water Act of 1987, US EPA, Liquid wastes, Publicly
owned treatment works.
PB90-126476/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Preliminary Data Summary for the Paint Formulat-
ing Point Source Category.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
D. Williams. Sep 89,100p EPA/440/1 -89/050
The summaries contain data about industrial facilities
in various industries discharging pollutants In their
wastewaters and considers whether the EPA should
pursue regulations to control such discharges. The
summaries were prepared in order to allow EPA to re-
spond to the mandate of Section 304(m) of the Clean
Water Act. Summaries for categories already subject
to rulemaking were developed for comparison pur-
poses. The paint formulating industry is one of 12 in-
dustries identified In the DSs as a potential source of
hazardous waste discharges to POTWs. The study
gathered information to assist the Agency in deciding
whether to develop national effluent limitations guide-
lines and standards for the industry. The document
comprises three independent studies: a technical sup-
port study, an economic impact study, and an environ-
mental impact study.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Water pollution
abatement, "Surface waters, 'Hazardous materials,
'Solid waste disposal, Sewers, Economic analysis,
Water quality management, Industrial wastes,
Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition), 'Point
sources, 'Paint industry, 'Water pollution sampling.
Clean Water Act of 1987, Pollution regulations, US
EPA, Environmental effects, Technology utilization,
Publicly owned treatment works.
PB90-126483/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Preliminary Data Summary for the Transportation
Equipment Cleaning Industry.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
F. Hund. Sep 89,123p EPA/440/1-89/104
The summaries contain engineering, economic and
environmental data about industrial facilities in various
industries discharging pollutants in their wastewaters
and considers whether the EPA should pursue regula-
tions to control such discharges. The summaries were
prepared in order to allow EPA to respond to the man-
date of Section 304(m) of the Clean Water Act. Sum-
maries for categories already subject to rulemaking
were developed for comparison purposes, to provide
some perspective on the relative magnitude of the pol-
lution problems created across the categories. EPA
conducted a preliminary study of the transportation
equipment cleaning industry as a result of the evalua-
tion of the findings from the Domestic Sewage Study
(DSS). The DSS obtained technical information for use
in determining if additional effluent limitation guidelines
and standards need to be developed and published for
this point source category, and provides a source of
current information about priority and hazardous pol-
lutant discharges from this industry for permit writers
and publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) manag-
ers and operators.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Surface waters,
'Water pollution abatement, Tables(Data), Water qual-
ity management, Concentration(Composition),
Sewers, Economic analysis, Tank trucks, Rail trans-
portation, 'Cleanup operations, 'Point sources,
•Transport vehicles, 'Water pollution sampling, Water
pollution standards, Pollution regulations, Clean Water
Act of 1987, US EPA, Publicly owned treatment works,
Environmental effects.
PB90-126491/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Preliminary Data Summary for the Drum Recondi-
tioning Industry.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
D. Anderson, and D. DiCianna. Sep 89,131 p EPA/
440/1-89/101
The summaries contain data about industrial facilities
in various industries discharging pollutants in their
wastewaters and considers whether the EPA should
pursue regulations to control such discharges. The
summaries were prepared in order to allow EPA to re-
spond to the mandate of Section 304(m) of the Clean
Water Act. Summaries for categories already subject
to rulemaking were developed for comparison pur-
poses. The study developed information to character-
ize the drum reconditioning industry as to the scope of
the industry, its operation, its discharges to the Na-
tion's waters, and identification and quantification of
the pollutants.
Keywords: 'Drums(Containers), 'Water pollution con-
trol, 'Surface waters, 'Water pollution abatement,
Tables(Data), Industrial wastes, Water quality man-
agement, Concentration(Compositlon), Cost analysis,
'Cleanup operations, 'Water pollution sampling,
Water pollution standards, Pollution regulations, Clean
Water Act of 1987, US EPA, Environmental effects.
PB90-126609/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Preliminary Data Summary for the Used OH Recla-
mation ana Re-Refining Industry.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
K. Troy. Sep 89,152p EPA/440/1-89/014
The summaries contain data about industrial facilities
in various industries discharging pollutants in their
wastewaters and considers whether the EPA should
pursue regulations to control such discharges. The
summaries were prepared in order to allow EPA to re-
spond to the mandate of Section 304(m) of the Clean
Water Act. Summaries for categories already subject
to rulemaking were developed for comparison pur-
poses. The report is part of the process by which EPA
is considering what management standards may be
appropriate for the recycling of used oil, in response to
the requirements mandated by these Acts. The study
has attempted to characterize and profile the Oil Re-
claimer/Re-Refining Industry. The goals of this prelimi-
nary effort were to: conduct a literature review, perform
an industry profile, site visit re-refiners, screen sample
re-refiners, and develop a Preliminary Data Summary.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Surface waters,
'Water pollution abatement, Tables(Data), Water qual-
ity management, Concentration(Composition), Proc-
ess charting, 'Water pollution sampling, 'Waste recy-
cling, 'Waste oils, 'Refining, Water pollution stand-
ards, Pollution regulations, Clean Water Act of 1987,
US EPA, Waste management, Liquid wastes.
PB90-126517/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Preliminary Data Summary for the Hazardous
Waste Treatment Industry.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
D. DiCianna, J. Yance, and A. Tarnay. Sep 89,186p
EPA/440/1-89/100
The summaries contain data about industrial facilities
in various industries discharging pollutants in their
wastewaters and considers whether the EPA should
pursue regulations to control such discharges. The
summaries were prepared in order to allow EPA to re-
spond to the mandate of Section 304(m of the Clean
Water Act. Summaries for categories already subject
to rulemaking were developed for comparison pur-
poses, and contain only the minimum amount of data
needed to provide some perspective on the relative
magnitude of the pollution problems created across
the categories. The study developed information to
characterize the hazardous waste treatment industry
as to the scope of the industry, its operations, its dis-
charges to the Nation's waters, and identification and
quantification of the pollutants discharged.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
'Water pollution control, 'Surface waters, 'Water pol-
lution abatement, Tables(Data), Water quality man-
agement, Concentration(Composition), Earth fills, In-
cinerators, Scrubbers, Leaching, Liquid wastes, Cost
analysis, 'Water pollution sampling, Waste manage-
ment, Water pollution standards, Pollution regulations,
Clean Water Act of 1987, US EPA, Publicly owned
treatment works, Wet methods. Environmental effects.
PB90-126525/HSU	PC A17/MF A03
Preliminary Data Summary for the Machinery
Manufacturing and Rebuilding Industry.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
S. Rajvanshl, L. Tudor, and A. Greene. Oct 89,395p
EPA/440/1-89/106
The summaries contain data about industrial facilities
in various industries discharging pollutants in their
wastewaters and considers whether the EPA should
pursue regulations to control such discharges. The
summaries were prepared in order to allow EPA to re-
spond to the mandate of Section 304(m) of the Clean
Water Act. Summaries for categories already subject
to rulemaking were developed for comparison pur-
poses, and contain only the minimum amount of data
needed to provide some perspective on the relative
magnitude of the pollution problems created across
the categories. The machinery manufacturing and re-
building (MM&R) project prepared a preliminary data
summary to assist the Agency in deciding whether to
develop national effluent limitations guidelines and
standards for MM&R facilities. The preliminary data
summary includes two studies, a technical support
study and an economic impact and cost effectiveness
study.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Water pollution
abatement, 'Surface waters, 'Machine shops, 'Re-
building, Economic analyses, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Cost effectiveness,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Water quality management, Office equipment, Military
vehicles, 'Water pollution sampling, Clean Water Act
of 1987, Pollution regulations, Water pollution stand-
ards, US EPA, Transport vehicles.
PB90-126533/HSU	PC A11/MF A02
Preliminary Data Summary for the Pharmaceutical
Manufacturing Point Source Category.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
F. Hund, and D. Brown. Sep 89,236p EPA/440/1-89/
084
The summaries contain data about industrial facilities
in various industries discharging pollutants in their
wastewaters and considers whether the EPA should
pursue regulations to control such discharges. The
summaries were prepared in order to allow EPA to re-
spond to the mandate of Section 304(m) of the Clean
Water Act. Summaries for categories already subject
to rulemaking were developed for comparison pur-
poses, and contain only the minimum amount of data
needed to provide some perspective on the relative
magnitude of the pollution problems created across
the categories. The study provides technical, econom-
ic, and environmental bases to determine whether ad-
ditional effluent limitation guidelines and standards to
control the discharge of toxic and hazardous pollutants
are necessary for the pharmaceutical manufacturing
industry and serves as a source of information to be
used by permit writers and publicly owned treatment
works (POTWs) in controlling hazardous wastes until
final rules are published.
Keywords: "Drugs, "Water pollution control, 'Surface
waters, 'Water pollution abatement, Licenses,
Sewers, Industrial wastes, Water quality management,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), Economic
analysis, 'Point sources, "Water pollution sampling,
Environmental effects, US EPA, Water pollution stand-
ards, Publicly owned treatment works, Pollution regula-
tions, Clean Water Act of 1987.
PB90-126541/HSU	PC A09/MF A02
Preliminary Data Summary for Industrial Laun-
dries.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
F. Hund. Sep 89,200p EPA/440/1-89/103
The summaries were prepared in order to allow EPA to
respond to the mandate of Section 304(m) of the
clean Water Act. Summaries for categories already
subject to rulemaking were developed for comparison
purposes, and contain only the minimum amount of
data needed to provide some perspective on the rela-
tive magnitude of the pollution problems created
across the categories. The document provides the
most current information available about the industrial
laundries subcategory of the auto and other laundries
point source category. Included are a technical sup-
port study including processes employed, waste char-
acteristics, and wastewater treatment technologies
employed; an economic impact study projecting the
hkely economic results of regulating industrial laun-
dries wastewater discharge and an environmental
impact study evaluating the impacts of the industry's
wastewater on the environment.
Keywords: 'Laundries, 'Industrial wastes, 'Water pol-
lution control, 'Water pollution abatement, "Solid
wastes, Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition),
Economic analysis, Water quality management, Fi-
nancing, "Water pollution sampling. Water pollution
detection, Pollution regulations, US EPA, Clean Water
Act of 1987, Environmental effects, Publicly owned
treatment works.
PB90-126558/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Responses of Polychaetes to Cadmium-Contami-
nated Sediment: Comparison of Uptake and Be-
havior. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Narragansett, Newport,
OR. Mark 0. Hatfield Marine Science Center.
B. L. Olla, V. B. Estelle, R. C. Swartz, G. Braun, and A.
L. Studholme. C1988,9p EPA/600/J-88/440, ERLN-
N039	^ . . ,
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v7
d1-6 1988. Prepared in cooperation with National
Marine Fisheries Service, Kodiak, AK. Northwest and
Alaska Fisheries Center.
The burrowing behavior of three polychaete species
(Nereis virens and Nephtys caeca) was examined after
variable exposure periods (7,14, 21 and 28 d) to sedi-
ment contaminated with a cadmium concentration of
about 40 mg/kg (dry weight). Most comparisons of
burrowing times and rates between exposed and unex-
posed worms were not statistically significant. Those
that were significant were relatively minor, e.g., a maxi-
mum reduction in burrowing time of 6.3 s, ana probably
would have little ecological relevance. The feeding be-
havior of G. dibranchiata on the polychaete Euzonus
mucronata was not affected by a 28-d exposure to
cadmium-contaminated sediment.
Keywords: "Worms, "Cadmium, 'Sediments, "Water
pollution, Exposure, Animal behavior, Ecology,
Feeding(Supplying), Reprints, Polychaeta, Bioaccumu-
lation, Uptake.
PB90-126566/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Mixtures of Sediment Contaminants on
the Marine Infaunal Amphlpod, Rhepoxynlus
abronlus'. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Narragansett, Newport,
OR. Mark O. Hatfield Marine Science Center.
R. C. Swartz, P. F. Kemp, D. W. Schults, and J. O.
Lamberson. C1988,10p EPA/600/J-88/441, ERLN-
N042
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v7
p1013-10201988.
The infaunal amphipod, Rhepoxynius abronius, was
exposed to mixtures of sediment contaminants at con-
centrations of the individual compounds that produce
few or no effects. Combinations of zinc, mercury, poly-
chlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1254) and fluoranthene
produced joint toxicological actions that could be clas-
sified as additive or less than additive. To be more eco-
logically relevant, sediment quality criteria should be
expressed in relation to a model of interactive effects.
A relatively small decrease in the total volatile solids
content of sediment from 1.72 to 1.30% increased the
concentration of contaminants in interstitial water and
increased sediment toxicity.
Keywords: "Metals, "Marine biology, "Organic com-
pounds, 'Water pollution, Toxicity, Sediments, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Biphenyl, Vaporizing, Expo-
sure, Concentration(Composition), Reprints, "Rhepox-
ynius abronlus, Polychlorinated biphenyl.
PB90-126574/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Manganese and Suspended Matter In the Yaqulna
Estuary, Oregon. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Narragansett, Newport,
OR. Mark O. Hatfield Marine Science Center.
R. J. Callaway, D. T. Specht, and G. R. Ditsworth.
C1988,10p EPA/600/J-88/442, ERLN-N044
Pub. in Estuaries, v11 n4 p217-225 1988.
The longitudinal distribution of total suspended matter
and total, dissolved, and particulate manganese in a
small coastal plain estuary is described. The distribu-
tion of manganese is a consequence of estuarine cir-
culation; a within-estuary maximum is inversely corre-
lated with river flow, and is a function of residence time
in the estuary, resuspension In the upper estuary, and
desorption from particles introduced from within the
estuary or from the river. The turbidity maximum is
similarly most pronounced during low river flows. The
upper estuary (salinity < 15%), comprising a small
percentage of the total estuary volume during low flow,
receives material from the river and along the bottom
from the lower estuary; this material is returned to the
water column by resuspension and desorption from
estuarine and riverine particles. The lower estuary
tends to damp out these processes because of the
greater volume and (residence) time available for
mixing.
Keywords: "Manganese, "Suspended sediments, "Ya-
quina Estuary, 'Water pollution, Chemical analysis,
Circulation, Sorption, Concentration(Composition),
Pore water, Tides, Ocean temperature, Salinity,
Tables(Data), Reprints, Particulates, Recycling.
PB90-126582/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Determination, Fate, and Potential Significance of
PCBs (Polychlorinated biphenyls) In Fish and
Sediment Samples with Emphasis on Selected
AHH-lnducing Congeners. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
J. A. Huckins, T. R. Schwartz, J. D. Petty, and L. M.
Smith. c1988,25p EPA/600/J-88/443, ERLN-N098
Pub. in Chemosphere, v17 n10 p1995-2016 1988. Pre-
pared in cooperation with National Fisheries Contami-
nant Research Center, Columbia, MO.
Total PCB residues, non-o,o'-CI PCBs, and the most
AHH-active mono-o,o'-CI PCB congener were deter-
mined in Great Lakes fish and sediment samples.
Toxic 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl and 2,3,3',4,4'-pen-
tachlorobiphenyl were detected in both fish and sedi-
ments. There appeared to be some reduction in the
percentage content of the selected AHH-active con-
geners in fish and sediment PCB residues when com-
pared to their percentage content in the Aroclor mix-
tures suspected as sources of contamination. The
TCDD equivalents (AHH induction potency normalized
to TCDD, times residue concentration in pg/g) were as
high as 666 pg/g in fish; PCB residues in one sediment
sample appeared to have undergone reductive dech-
lorination by anaerobic microorganisms.
Keywords: "Chlorine organic compounds, 'Biphenyl,
'Fishes, 'Great Lakes, Sediments, Sampling, Profiles,
Chromatographic analysis, Toxicity, Dechlorination,
Reprints, Pesticide residues, Aroclor, Polychlorinated
biphenyls.
PB90-126590/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Feeding Reduction, Reproductive Failure, and
Mortality In 'Mytilus edulls' during the 1986
'Brown Tide' In Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island.
Journal article.
Science Applications International Corp., Narragan-
sett, Rl.
G. A. Tracey. C1988,11 p EPA/600/J-88/444,, ERLN-
X128
Contract EPA-68-03-3529
Pub. in Marine Ecology, Progress Series, v50 p73-81
1988. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab
Narragansett, Rl,
During summer 1985, reduced feeding, reproductive
failure and massive mortalities were observed in popu-
lations of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis during an ex-
tremely dense algal bloom in Narragansett Bay, Rhode
Island (USA). The dominant alga was an extremely
small (1 to 2 micrometers diameter) non-flagellated
chrysophycean form previously unobserved In coastal
or offshore waters. Effects of the alga on clearance
rates of mussels were tested using natural particulates
(NBP) collected from Narragansett Bay during the
bloom. Reductions in clearance rate were independent
of cell size and extra-cellular exudates of the bloom
alga. Experiments repeated with the hard shell dam
Mercenaria mercenaria produced similar clearance
rate responses. High mortality in indigenous mussels
was coincident with peak bloom conditions, varying
from 30 to 100% at stations along the main axis of the
bay. In addition, complete reproductive failure of the
population was apparent. This effect could not other-
wise be explained by environmental conditions of tem-
perature, salinity or dissolved oxygen concentration. It
is concluded that starvation stress induced by noxious
properties of the bloom alga in combination with sea-
sonal effects (reproductive stage, temperature) was
the cause of the demise of M. edulis.
Keywords:	*Reproduction(Biology)
'Feeding(Supplying), 'Mussels, Populations, Mortality'
Growth, Availability, Plankton blooms, Algae, Losses
Toxicity, Stress(Physiology), Reprints, Brown tide. '
PB90-126608/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effect of Inherited Contamination on Egg mwi
Larval Winter Flounder, 'Pseudopleuronaetn
amerlcanu*'. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
D. E. Black, D. K. Phelps, and R. L. Lapan. C1988 20o
EPA/600/J-88/445, ERLN-742	H
Pub. in Marine Environmental Research, v25 d45-«?
1988.
The exposure of adult winter flounder, Pseudopleuron-
ectes americanus, to contaminated estuarine environ-
ments and a possible impact of this exposure on their
progeny was investigated. Polluted study areas includ-
ed Gaspee Point in upper Narragansett Bay, R|, ty**,
Bedford Harbor in Buzzards Bay, MA, noted for its PCB
contamination, and Apponagansett Bay, MA, a less
contaminated site near New Bedford. Fox Island, ara|
atively clean area in lower Narragansett Bay, served
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
as a reference area. Although adult winter flounder dis-
perse offshore during the summer, a tag and recapture
study verified their yearly residence and exposure to
contaminants.
Keywords: 'Eggs, 'Flat fishes, "Water pollution, 'Nar-
ragansett Bay, Exposure, Larvae, Environmental im-
pacts, Growth, Survival, Ecology, Buzzards Bay,
Rhode Island, Reprints, Pseudopleuronectes ameri-
canus, Bioaccumulation, Polychlorinated biphenyls.
PB90-126616/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Flow-Through Culture Techniques for 'Neanthes
arenaceodentata' (Annelida: Polychaeta), Includ-
ing Influence of Diet on Growth and Survival. Jour-
nal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
C. E. Pesch, and P. S. Schauer. C1988,10p EPA/600/
J-88/446, ERLN/CONTRIB-835
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v7
p961-968 1988. Prepared in cooperation with Rhode
Island Univ., Kingston. Dept. of Food Science and
Technology.
Neanthes arenaceodentata has been used frequently
in saltwater toxicity tests. A flowing-water system is de-
scribed for the laboratory culturing of this polychaete.
The system features the shallow, flat trays that are
commonly used to culture shellfish. Three diet studies
were conducted to determine the best diet to feed lab-
oratory cultures to promote good growth (measured by
dry weight) and survival. First, all diets (including com-
mercially prepared diets, yeasts, whole-grain and grain
by-products, algae, and animal tissue) were evaluated
singly in a 28-d test. Then, selected diets, alone and In
combination, were evaluated in two tests (34 and 70 d)
that simulated our culture conditions. In the first test, a
commercially prepared diet, prawn flakes, produced
the best growth; however, worms fed macroalgae had
better survival.
Keywords: 'Worms, 'Toxicity, 'Diets, 'Shellfish, Lab-
oratories, Growth, Survival, Yeasts, Grains(Food),
Algae, Tests, Weight(Mass), Reprints, 'Neanthes
arenaceodentata, Polychaeta.
PB90-126624/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Laboratory Culture of Qametophytlc Stages of
the Marine Mlcroalgae 'Champia parvula' (Rhodo-
phyta) and 'Lamlnaria taccharina' (Phaeophyta).
Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
R. L. Steele, and G. B. Thursby. c1988,8p EPA/600/J-
88/447, ERLN-840
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v7
p097-1002 1988. Prepared in cooperation with Rhode
Island Univ., Kingston. Dept. of Botany.
Methods to help characterize the toxicity of effluent
discharges within the National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System have been developed for tne
marine red alga Champia parvula and are currently
being developed for the brown alga Lamlnaria sac-
charine. These methods require maintaining male and
female gametophytes in laboratory cultures. Aseptic
techniques are recommended even though the cul-
tures are not intended to be axenic; the purpose is to
guard against microalgal contamination. C. parvula
can be grown at room temperature, but L. saccharine
requires a controlled temperature chamber (12-15 C).
Both species can be cultured successfully in either
natural or artificial seawater.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Algae, 'Water pollution, 'Aqua-
culture, Temperature, Sea water, Growth, Reprints,
'Champia parvula, Red algae, Laminaria saccharina,
Brown algae.
PB90-12M32/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Chromosome Complements from Two Popula-
tions of the Marine Worm 'Naanthaa arenaceo-
dentata' (Annelida: Polychaeta). Journal article.
Science Applications International Corp., Narragan-
sett, Rl.
G G Pesch, C. E. Pesch, and C. Mueller. c1988,7p
EPA/600/J-88/448,, ERLN-868
Contract EPA-68-03-3529
Pub. in OPHELIA, v28 n2 p163-107 1988. Sponsored
by Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
The chromosome complement for the marine worm
Nephtys incisa is described for the first time. The kar-
yotype consists of 19 pairs: four pairs have median
centromeres; three pairs have submedian centro-
meres; and twelve pairs have subterminal centro-
meres. The chromosomes are relatively large, ranging
in size from 4 to 11 micrometers. The large size per-
mits application of special techniques such as sister
chromatid exchange. The usefulness of this applica-
tion is demonstrated with a case study that evaluates
environmental impacts of contaminated dredge mate-
rial.
Keywords: 'Worms, 'Chromosomes, Size determina-
tion, Dredging, Spoil, Reprints, 'Neanthes incisa, Case
studies.
PB90-126640/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Shift in Photosynthetlc Plcoplankton Composition
and Its Effect on Bivalve Mollusc Nutrition: The
1985 'Brown Tide' In Narragansett Bay, Rhode
Island. Journal article.
Science Applications International Corp., Narragan-
sett, Rl.
G. A. Tracay, P. W. Johnson, R. W. Steele, P. E.
Hargraves, and J. M. N. Sieurth. c1988, 7p EPA/600/
J-88/449,, ERLN-869
Contract EPA-68-03-3529
Pub. in Jnl. of Shellfish Research, v7 n4 p671-675
1988. Prepared in cooperation with Rhode Island
Univ., Kingston. Graduate School of Oceanography.
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Narra-
gansett, Rl.
An unprecedented algal bloom occurred as a 'brown
tide' in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, during the
summer of 1985. Water samples analyzed by epi-
fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy
revealed unusual changes in the composition of the pi-
coplankton. Total bacterial numbers during peak
bloom conditions were 10 to the 7th/ml- cells or 10-
fold greater than usual for the summer coastal pico-
plankton. Experiments using mussels (Mytilus edulis)
demonstrated reduced feeding on bloom algae,
whereas optimal clearance rates were obtained with a
similarly-sized strain of Synechococcus fed at compa-
rable densities. These observations of normal and in-
hibited feeding on different components of the pico-
plankton suggest the species composition of the pico-
plankton may affect the nutrition and hence growth of
this bivalve mollusc.
Keywords: 'Mollusca, 'Shellfish, 'Water pollution,
Photosynthesis, Plankton blooms, Narragansett Bay,
Sampling, Water analysis, Toxicity, Animal nutrition,
Rhode Island, Growth, Reprints, Mytilus edulis, Brown
tide, Particles.
PB90-126668/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Terra Vac In situ Vacuum Extraction System: Ap-
plications Analysis Report.
Foster Wheeler Enviresponse, Inc., Edison, NJ.
M. Stinson. Jul 89,65p EPA/540/A5-89/003
Contract EPA-68-03-3255
Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
Sponsored bv Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The document Is an evaluation of the Terra Vac in situ
vacuum extraction system and its applicability as a
treatment method for waste site cleanup. The report
analyzes the results from the Superfund Innovative
Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program's 56-day dem-
onstration at the Valley Manufactured Product Compa-
ny's site in Groveland, Massachusetts and data from
other applications. Conclusions were reached con-
cerning the technology's suitability for use in remedi-
ations Involving both similar and different materials at
other sites. Operational data and sampling and analy-
sis information were monitored carefully to establish a
database against which vendor's claims for the tech-
nology could be evaluated. The conclusions from the
results of the Groveland demonstration test and from
other available data are: (1) the process can be used
to remediate a site contaminated with VOCs; (2) the
process can remove VOCs from soils with permeabili-
ties as low as 10 to the minus eighth power cm/s; (3)
the process operates well in all weather conditions;
and (4) the process implementation costs can be as
low as $10/ton, depending on various site-specific
conditions.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
"Site surveys, Economic analysis, Design criteria, Per-
formance evaluation, 'Clean-up operations, 'Super-
fund program. Valley Manufactured Product Company,
'Groveland(Massachusetts), 'Terra Vac in situ
vacuum extraction systems, Volatile organic com-
pounds, Remedial action, Technology utilization, Land
pollution, Soil gases, Case studies.
PB90-127192/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility's Partici-
pation In Interlaboratory and Intralaboratory
Comparisons of Environmental Sample Analyses.
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
J. Moore, J. Broadway, and R. Blanchard. Aug 89,
155p EPA/520/5-89/008
The report compiles the results of the interlaboratory
and intralaboratory quality assurance programs for
EERF's analytical chemistry laboratory during 1981
through 1986. The interlaboratory program, which con-
sisted of participating in cross-check analyses with the
EPA's EMSL-LV laboratory, the world Health Organi-
zation, and the DOE Mound Facility at Miamisburg,
Ohio. This includes the results for replicate, blind, and
spiked sample analyses.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Radioactive isotopes,
'Public health, Milk, Soils, Food, Sampling, Laborato-
ries, Quality control.
PB90-127200/HSU	PC A99/MF A04
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
International Conference on New Frontiers for
Hazardous Waste Management (Third) Proceed-
ings. Held In Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania on Septem-
ber 10-13,1989.
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
c1989,612p EPA/600/9-89/072
Also available from Supt. of Docs. Prepared in coop-
eration with IT Corp., Knoxville, TN. Sponsored by En-
vironmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lib., United Nations Environ-
ment Programme, Pans (France), and World Federa-
tion of Engineering Organizations, Pasadena, CA.
The Third International Conference on New Frontiers
for Hazardous Waste Management was held at Pitts-
burgh, Pennsylvania, September 10-13,1989. The pur-
pose of the conference was to examine the state of
technology for the disposal of hazardous waste. Em-
phasis was placed on the presentation of papers that
summarized important new technological develop-
ments and concepts with broad international applica-
tion. Sessions were held in the areas of: (1) Thermal
Treatment, (2) Physical/Chemical Treatment, (3) Bio-
logical Treatment, (4) Land Disposal, (5) Solidification/
Stabilization, (6) Waste Minimization, and (7) Waste
Management.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Pollution, 'Meet-
ings, Manuals, Industrial waste, Waste treatment,
Soils, Contamination, Ground water, Solids, Clay soils,
Linings, Vaporizing, Organic compounds, Environmen-
tal impacts, Heat treatment, Earth fills, Stabilization,
Supenund, Air stripping.
PB90-127234/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Department of Energy, Las Vegas, NV. Nevada Oper-
ations Office.
Off-Site Environmental Monitoring Report Radi-
ation Monitoring Around United States Nuclear
Test Areas, Calendar Year 1988.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
C. A. Fontana, N. R. Sunderland, S. C. Black, B. B.
Dicey, and A. N. Jarvis. May 89,144p EPA/600/4-89/
019, DOE/DP-00539-061
See also DE88000130 and DE88017291. Sponsored
by Department of Energy, Las Vegas, NV. Nevada Op-
erations Office.
The report covers the routine radiation monitoring ac-
tivities conducted by the Environmental Monitoring
Systems Laboratory-Las Vegas in areas which may be
affected by nuclear testing programs of the Depart-
ment of Energy. This monitoring is conducted to docu-
ment compliance with standards, to identify trends in
environmental radiation, and to provide suo> informa-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tion to the public. It summarizes these activities for cal-
endar year 1988.
Keywords: "Monitoring, 'Radioactive isotopes, Lab-
oratories, Standards, Nuclear explosions, Dispersion,
Atmospheric composition, Cesium, Strontium, Nevada
test site.
PB90-127341/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Control Technology Center.
Powder Coatings Technology Update. Final rept.
Midwest Research Inst., Cary, NC.
C. I. Hester, R. L. Nicholson, and M. A. Cassidy. Sep
89,88p
Contract EPA-68-02-4379
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Control Technology Center.
The objective of the report is to provide an overview of
the current status of powder coating technology. Be-
cause powder coatings are applied as dry, finely divid-
ed particles, there are no volatile organic compounds
(VOC's) released during application, and only minute
quantities are released during the curing process.
Therefore, the increased use of powder coatings, as
an alternative to liquid solvent-based coatings, repre-
sents a significant reduction in emissions of VOC's.
The report describes current powder coating materials
and equipment, end uses, and economic advantages
of the use of powder coatings. Included in the report
are discussions of the disadvantages and potential
problems identified early in the powder coating devel-
opment process. The report addresses the resolutions
of many of these problems. The report is intended to
be of use to State and local agencies in their evalua-
tion of powder coatings as an alternative to coatings
containing VOC's.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, "Metal finishing,
"Powder(Particles), "Plastic coatings, Substitutes,
State government, Local government, Cost analysis,
Thermoplastic resins, Comparison, Capitalized costs,
Thermosetting resins, Chemical properties, Materials
recovery, Equipment, Operating costs, "Source reduc-
tion, "Technology utilization, Volatile organic com-
pounds, Waste recycling, Dry methods.
PB90-127366/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Generalized Methodology for Conducting Indus-
trial Toxicity Reduction Evaluations (TREs).
Battelle Columbus Div., OH.
J. A. Fava, D. Lindsay, W. H. Clement, R. Clark, and G.
M. DeGraeve. Apr 89,110p EPA/600/2-88/070
Contract EPA-68-03-3248
Prepared in cooperation with Burlington Research,
Inc., NC., and AWARE, Inc., Nashville, TN. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency or state
regulatory agencies, under the Clean Water Act, can
require industries which cannot achieve water quality
based effluent limitations specified in their NPDES
permit to conduct a Toxicity Reduction Evaluation
(TRE). The objective of the TRE is to determine those
actions necessary to reduce the effluent's toxicity to
acceptable levels. This approach was written to de-
scribe a generalized methodology for the design and
performance of a TRE at an industrial facility. A six-tier
approach was directed toward the reduction of toxicity
of the whole effluent rather than specific components
within the effluent. A flow chart was designed as a di-
chotomous key linking the phases in a systematic pro-
gression to achieve the final result, which is an effluent
that consistently meets the toxicity limitation assigned
to it.
Keywords: "Industrial plants, "Toxicity, "Reduction,
"Waste treatment, Textile industry, Bioassay, Tests,
Refineries, Chemical industry, Sources, Evaluation
Flow charting, Monitoring, Optimization, StatesfUnited
States), Chemicals.
cB®^nmentaf Protection Agency, Rewarch Triangle
Pari
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
with and without a selenium supplement. The results
indicate that healthy populations of this species can be
maintained in reconstituted waters containing only four
salts so long as the food is nutritionally adequate and
the reconstituted water is formulated from an ultrapure
base water. The adequacy of the YTC diet varies ac-
cording to the nutritional adequacy of the constituents.
Some batches of trout chow and Cerophyl were nutri-
tionally deficient, causing unacceptably high mortality
and abortions in cultures. These deficiencies were cor-
rected by adding selenium to the culture water and
using Selenastrum in conjunction with the YTC. The
alga C. reinhardtii, if cultured in medium enriched with
vitamins and selenium, proved quite adequate for
maintaining healthy cultures of C. dubia. Animals main-
tained on the other alga, S. capricornutum, exhibited a
delay in reproductive maturation and a reduction in
brood sizes, and they were frequently trapped in the
surface film of the culture water. (Copyright (c) 1989
Setae.)
Keywords: 'Animal nutrition, 'Diets, 'Life span,
Reproduction(Biology), Aquatic animals, Selenium,
Mortality, Algae, Tables(Data), Reprints, 'Ceriodaph-
nia dubia, Environmental monitoring.
PB90-127978/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparative Analysis of Polychlorlnated Dl-
benzo-'p'-dioxln and Dlbenzofuran Congeners In
Great Lakes Fish Extracts by Gas Chromatogra-
phy-Mass Spectrometry and In vitro Enzyme In-
duction Activities. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
T. Zacharewski, L Safe, S. Safe, B. Chittim, and D.
De Vault. C1989,8p EPA/600/J-89/155
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v23
n6 p730-735 1989. Prepared in cooperation with
Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Dept. of Veteri-
nary Physiology and Pharmacology, Wellington Envi-
ronmental Consultants, Guelph (Ontario), and Umea
Univ. (Sweden).
The high-resolution gas chromatographic-mass spec-
trometric analysis of 25 Great Lakes fish extracts con-
firmed the identities of several 2,3,7,8-tetrasubstituted
polychlorlnated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dibenzo-
p-dioxins (PCDDs). The dominant congener in extracts
from Lake Michigan, Lake Erie, Lake St. Clair, Lake
Huron, and Lake Superior fish was 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-
dibenzofuran (TCDF). The fish extracts from Lake On-
tario showed significant levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachioro-
benzo-p-dioxln (TCDD) besides containing consider-
able amounts of PCDFs. The '2,3,7,8-TCDD equiva-
lents' in these extracts were determined by their activi-
ties as Inducers of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase
(AHH) and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) in rat
hepatoma H-4-II E cells in culture. For most of these
samples, there was less than a 2-fold difference in the
bioassav-estimated 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents and the
total PCDDs plus PCDFs as determined by GC-MS.
The bloassay-derived values were significantly In-
fold) higher for the Lake Erie and Lake Ontario fish ex-
tracts. This difference may be due to several factors in-
cluding synergistic interactive effects of the congeners
in the Dioassay induction response or the presence of
'bioassay-active' components that are not detected by
GC-MS analysis. (Copyright (c) 1989 American Chemi-
cal Society.)
Keywords: 'Toxicity, Bioassay, Tables(Data), Gas
chromatography. Mass spectrometry, Reprints,
'Water pollution effects(Anlmals), 'Great Lakes
region, 'Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dloxlns, 'Dibenzo-
furans, 'Enzyme induction, Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxy-
lases, Ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase, Experimental he-
patoma.
PB90-127986/H3U	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Solubility Studies Using a Generator Column for
2,3,7,S-Tetrachlorodlbenzo-p-Dloxin. Journal arti-
cle.
Minnesota Univ.-Duluth.
K. B. Lodge. C1989,10p EPA/600/J-89/157
Pub. In Chemosphere, v18 n1-6 p933-940 1989. Spon-
sored by Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
The concentration of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-
dioxin in high purity water pumped through a generator
column at Iml/min is strongly dependent on tempera-
ture. It would be desirable to provide an explanation of
these inconsistencies before it can be said that the
interaction of 2,3,7,8-TCDD with water Is clearly under-
stood. Should It prove to be the case that the data pre-
sented here can be truly identified as the solubilities,
then this is of great environmental significance. Tem-
perature dependence, since it is so strong, should be
taken into consideration when modelling the distribu-
tion, transport and fate of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in the environ-
ment.
Keywords: 'Solubility, "Temperature, Herbicides,
Concent ration(Composition), Experimental design,
Columns(Process engineering), Reprints, "Dibenzo-
dioxin/tetrachloro, 'Environmental transport.
PB90-127994/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Acute Toxicity of Trlphenyltln Hydroxide to Three
Cladocaran Specie*. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
E. R. Kline, A. W. Jarvinen, and M. L. Knuth. C1989,9p
EPA/600/J-89/158
Pub. in Environmental Pollution 56, p11-17 1989. Pre-
pared in cooperation with American Scientific Interna-
tional, Inc., McLean, VA.
The toxicity of an organotin pesticide, triphenyltin hy-
droxide, was assessed with several freshwater clado-
ceran species. Daphnia pulex, Daphnia magna, and
Ceriodaphnia dubia were exposed for 48 h to triphenyl-
tin hydroxide in static acute toxicity tests. Values of the
48-h trimmed Spearman-Karber EC50s for the three
species were found to be 14-5,16-5, and 11-3 microg/
I, respectively. Analysis of variance performed on
EC50 values of replicates revealed no significant dif-
ferences between the three species. Methods were
employed which decrease animal handling stress and
increase the accuracy and precision of the concentra-
tions. (Copyright (c) 1989 Elsevier Science Publishers
Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Fungicides, 'Cladocera, Aquatic
animals, Fresh water, Reprints, 'Triphenyltin hydrox-
ide, 'Daphnia pulex, 'Daphnia magna, 'Ceriodaphnia
dubia, Dose-response relationships.
PB90-128000/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Toward a Quantitative Comparative Toxicology of
Organic Compounds. Journal article.
Pomona Coll., Claremont, CA.
C. Hansch, D. Kim, A. J. Leo, E. Novellino, and C.
Silipo. 1989,44p EPA/600/J-89/159
Grants EPA-R-809295, EPA-R-811927
Pub. in CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology, v19 n3
B185-226 1989. Prepared in cooperation with Naples
niv. (Italy). Sponsored by Environmental Research
Lab.-Duluth, MN.
There are more than 70,000 man-made chemicals in
widespread usage in our world today, with additions
coming along at a clip of more than 5,000 per year. Be-
sides these, nundreds of thousands of new structures
are synthesized each year in many academic and in-
dustrial laboratories. Toxicological problems which
may be associated with the latter must be ignored, at
least until some serious accident forces them onto us
or until they move into the marketplace. It is impossible
to test all of these chemicals in all of the tests which
have been devised and are continuing to appear. To
make matters more confusing, there is no generally
accepted way to collect and oraanize the streams of
data from all kinds of tests on all kinds of compounds
that flow from many laboratories. With governments
and industrial laboratories planning to spend billions in
the coming decades, it is urgent that more systematic
means for the organization and discussion of these re-
sults be developed. It is viewed that a long-term objec-
tive of toxicoloigy must be to devise a computerized
data base of numerically defined, statistically validat-
ed, structure-activity relationships.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Organic compounds, Chemi-
cal tests, Correlation techniques, Tables(Data), Com-
parison, Chemical reactions, Fishes, Mammals, Plants,
Microorganisms, Formulas(Mathematics), Reprints,
Risk assessment, Structure-activity relationships.
PB90-128018/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Anaerobic Degradation of Chloroaromatlc Com-
pounds in Aquatic Sediments under a Variety of
Enrichment Conditions. Journal article.
Technical Resources, inc., Gulf Breeze, FL.
B. R. S. Genthner, W. A. Price, and P. H. Pritchard.
C1989, Bp EPA/600/J-89/162,, CONTRIB-661
Contracts EPA-63-03-3479, EPA-63-03-6265
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v55
n6 p1466-1471 Jun 89. Sponsored by Environmental
Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Anaerobic degradation of monochlorinated phenols
and monochlorinated benzoates by a variety of aquatic
sediments was compared under four enrichment con-
ditions. A broader range of compounds was degraded
in enrichments inoculated with sediment exposed to
industrial effluents. Methanogenic and 1 mM BESA-
amended enrichments were most likely, while nitrate
and sulfate enrichments least likely, to degrade the
compounds tested. Chlorophenols were more readily
degraded than chlorobenzoates. However, 2-chloro-
phenol, 3-chlorophenol, and 3-chlorobenzoate degra-
dation was observed most often and with equal fre-
quency. Para chlorinated compounds were least likely
to be degraded. A relative order of ortho < meta <
para was observed for onset of chlorophenof degrada-
tion, while the order for chlorobenzoate degradation
was meta < ortho < para. In laboratory transfers, 2-
and 3-chlorobenzoate degradation was most easily
maintained, while degradation of para chlorinated
compounds was least stable. (Copyright (c) 1989
American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Chlorine aromatic com-
pounds, 'Biodeterioration, 'Anaerobic bacteria, Indus-
trial wastes, Tabies(Data), Electron acceptors, Re-
prints.
PB90-129263/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Overview of Selected EPA (Environmental Protec-
tion Agency) Regulations and Guidance Affecting
POTW (Publicly Owned Treatment Works) Man-
agement.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of the Assistant Administrator for Water.
Sep 89, 31 p EPA/430/09-89/008
The information in the document is meant only as a
summary of some of the regulations and guidance that
may apply to publicly owned treatment works (POTW)
operations. The document does not provide a compre-
hensive overview of all applicable federal require-
ments. Use of the document should not replace refer-
ence to official regulations as published in the Federal
Register or the Code of Federal Regulations or to
other more specific guidance documents. Also, the
reader should be aware that EPA continuously up-
dates and revises its regulations in response to statu-
tory amendments or to improve its regulatory program.
Finally, POTWs are reminded that the Clean Water Act
allows states and municipalities to impose more strin-
§ent requirements on National Pollutant Discharge
limination System (NPDES) permittees than are re-
quired under federal law. Therefore, EPA suggests that
the reader contact the appropriate authorities to get
sources of detailed guidance for specific situations.
Keywords: Guidelines, 'Hazardous materials,
'Sewers, 'Industrial wastes, State government, Waste
disposal, Water pollution control, Water pollution
abatement, 'Pollution regulations, 'Publicly owned
treatment works, 'Toxic substances, US EPA, Clean
Water Act, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensa-
tion and Liability Act, Sewage sludges, Sewage treat-
ment plants, Superfund Amendments and Reauthor-
ization Act, Clean Air Act, Toxic Substances Control
Act.
PB90-129271/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Effects of Toxic Substancas on Zoo plankton Pop-
ulations: A Great Lakes Perspective. Journal arti-
cle.
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Div.
M. S. Evans, and D. McNaught. c1988,27p CONTRIB-
472, EPA/600/D-89/241
Grant EPA-R-812468
Pub. in Toxic Contaminants and Ecosystem Health; A
Great Lakes Focus, Chapter 3, p53-76 1988. Prepared
in cooperation with Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis.
Dept. of Ecology and Behavioral Biology. Sponsored
by Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
The chapter discusses how toxic substances can
affect zooplankton, both at the species and community
level, modifying factors affecting toxicity, the effects of
various environmental pertubations, including toxic
substances, on Great Lakes zooplankton, and the role
of zooplankton in the transport, persistence, and bio-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
magnification of toxic substances. (Copyright (c) 1988
by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.)
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Zooplankton, 'Toxic materials,
Exposure, Reprints, 'Aquatic ecosystems, 'Great
Lakes region, Water pollution effects(Animals), Envi-
ronmental transport, Environmental persistence.
PB90-129289/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Toxicology of Complex Mixtures of Indoor Air
Pollutants. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. Lewtas. C1989, 27p EPA/600/D-89/243
Pub. in Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicol-
ogy 29, p415-139 1989.
The review focuses on strategies for assessing the
toxicology of indoor air pollutant mixtures. These strat-
egies are illustrated by reviewing the current problems
and approaches to the toxicology of indoor air pollut-
ants from three indoor source categories which make
a major contribution to human exposure: environmen-
tal tobacco smoke, combustion emissions, and volatile
organic compound (VOC) mixtures from materials and
products. The strategies include assessment of: expo-
sure and dosimetry, toxic effects of mixtures, causative
agents in mixtures, and the predictability of toxicology
from one mixture to another. Case studies from indoor
air pollution are used to illustrate these strategies. En-
vironmental tobacco smoke research on exposure and
dosimetry illustrates new methods using biological
markers. Unvented combustion sources such as kero-
sene heaters emit genotoxic incomplete combustion
products and recent research is focused on identifying
the genotoxic (causative) agents in these mixtures.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Mixtures, Exposure, Predic-
tions, Assessments, Exhaust emissions, Reprints,
'Indoor air pollution, 'Air pollution effects(Humans),
Tobacco smokes, Volatile organic compounds.
PB90-12B297/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Changes In Pulmonary Function and Airway Reac-
tivity Due to Prolonged Exposure to Typical Ambi-
ent Ozone (03) Levels.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D. Horstman, W. McDonnell, L. Folinsbee, S. Abdul-
Salaam, and P. Ives. C1989,10p EPA/600/D-89/246
Presented at the U.S.-Dutch Scientific Symposium
held in Nijmegen, The Netherlands, May 9-13, 1988.
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing and Services, Inc., Chapel Hill, NC.
Previously observed (JAPCA 38:28-35, 1988) pulmo-
nary responses of delta FEV1 (-13%), moderate to
severe pain upon inspiration, and a doubling of PD100
for methacholine following prolonged moderate exer-
cise at 0.12 ppm 03 were of sufficient magnitude to
warrant the assessing of responses at a lower range of
concentrations, i.e., 0.08, 0.10 and 0.12 ppm 03. Ex-
posures consisted of six 50-min exercises (VE approxi-
mately equals 40 L/min), each followed by 10-min rest;
a 35-min lunch break was included. When compared
I „«ex'"°?ures 0 00 ppm, substantial pulmonary
function decrements, respiratory symptoms and in-
creases in nonspecific airway reactivity were observed
at all three 03 concentrations. For example, de-
creases in FEV1 (P < 0.01) of 7%, 7% and 12% were
observed at 0.08,0.10 and 0.12 ppm 03, respectively.
The ratios (P < 0.005) of PD100 observed in 0.00 ppm
to that in 03 were 1.56 at 0.08 ppm, 1.89 at 0.10 ppm,
and 2.21 at 0.12 ppm 03. It is concluded that exercise
representative of a day of moderate to heavy work or
play performed during exposures to 03 at levels and
pattern often found in ambient air induced clinically
meaningful pulmonary responses.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Lung, Exercise(Physiology),
Males, Exposure, Reprints, Respiratory airflow, Air
pollution effects(Humans), Dose-response relation-
ships.
PB90-129305/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Correlation of Sperm and Endocrine Measures
with Reproductive Success in Rodents. Journal ar-
Heaith Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park NC.
L E Gray J. Ostby, J. Ferrell, R. Sigmon, and R.
Cooper. C1989,19p EPA/600/D-8§/247
1440 Vol. 90, No. 24
Pub. in Sperm Measures and Reproductive Success,
p193-209 1988. Proceedings of a workshop held in
Queenstown, MD. on January 12-14,1988.
The report compares the statistical precision and bio-
logical sensitivity of multiple indicies of reproductive
function to infertility in the male rodent. The studies
discussed include those that examined reproductive
function in the male following perinatal exposure to re-
productive toxicants and others in which the com-
pounds were administered to young-adult males, often
with very diverse results. For example, some chemi-
cals that alter sex differentiation reduce fertility by af-
fecting breeding performance alone (PCBs, fenarimol,
or losulazine), without altering sperm and testicular
measures. Others also markedly alter sex differentia-
tion of the genitalia, the accessory glands and the
testis in addition to their effects on CNS sex differen-
tiation and mating behavior (testosterone, flutamide,
cyproterone acetate, tamoxifen, estradiol and DES). In
contrast, prenatal exposure to compounds that alter
primary germ cell survival (busulphan, congo red)
induce partial gonadal germ cell agenesis without al-
tering sex differentiation. These chemicals dramatical-
ly reduce testicular sperm production in the male off-
spring and the most severely affected males are infer-
tile. Young male rats were exposed to known repro-
ductive toxicants in a dose related manner from puber-
ty, through young adulthood and breeding, it was
found that the profile of effects varies considerably de-
pending upon the chemical's mechanism of toxicity.
When a compound produced infertility through direct
effects of testicular function (MBC and DBP), then
testis weight, testicular histology and testicular sperm
head counts provided sensitive indicators of toxicity.
Keywords: 'Reproduction(Biology), 'Toxicity, 'Endo-
crine glands, 'Germ cells, Correlation, Comparison,
Statistical analysis, Rodents, Measurement, Contami-
nation, Exposure, Reprints, 'Toxic substances, Biolog-
ical effects, Animal sex behavior, Cell survival.
PB90-129313/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
TIME (Temporally Integrated Monitoring of Eco-
systems) Project: An Overview.
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
A. K. Pollack, and J. Ford. C1989,18p EPA/600/0-89/
248
Contract EPA-68-03-3439
Presented at the International Symposium on Design
of Water Quality Information Systems, Fort Collins,
CO., June 6-9,1989. Prepared in cooperation with Na-
tional Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Corval-
lis, OR., Forest Service, Washington, DC., and Kilkelly
Environmental Associates, Inc., Raleigh, NC. Spon-
sored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
The TIME (Temporally Integrated Monitoring of Eco-
systems) project has been in the conceptual and
design stage for approximately two years. Delays in
implementation have allowed careful attention to many
aspects of network design not usually covered prior to
field implementation. The network was originally in-
tended as a stand-alone monitoring program, but it has
now been incorporated as part of the larger Environ-
mental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP)
being planned by Environmental Protection Agency. In
the paper, the authors first discuss the stated goals of
the TIME project. They then describe the previous EPA
projects relating to aquatic effects of acidic deposition
upon which the TIME design is based. In the third sec-
tion the authors describe tne conceptual model for the
sampling design of the project The last section de-
scribes the purpose and contents of the project Data
Analysis Plan, which is under development.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Water quality, 'Water pollu-
tion, 'United States, Assessments, Marine biology, Air
water interactions, Data processing, Sampling, Mathe-
matical models, Surface waters,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Air pollution, 'Temporally
Integrated Monitoring of Ecosystems Project, 'Eco-
systems, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Program, Acid rain, Environmental effects.
PB90-129321/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Treatment Technology for Removing Radon from
Small Community Water Supplies.
New Hampshire Univ., Durham.
N. E. Kinner, P. A. Quern, G. S. Schell, C. E. Lessard,
and J. A. Clement. 1989,16p EPA/6O0/D-89/249
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
Radon contamination of drinking water primarily af-
fects individual homeowners and small communities
using groundwater supplies. Presently, three types of
treatment processes have been used to remove
radon: granular activated carbon adsorption (GAC),
diffused bubble aeration, and packed tower aeration.
In order to obtain data on these treatment alternatives
for small communities water supplies, a field evalua-
tion study was conducted on these three processes as
well as on several modifications to aeration of water in
storage tanks considered to be low cost/low technolo-
gy alternatives. The paper presents the results of
these field studies conducted at a small mobile home
park in rural New Hampshire. The conclusion of the
study was that the selection of the appropriate treat-
ment system to remove radon from drinking water de-
pends primarily upon: (1) precent removal of process;
(2) capital operating and maintenance costs; (3) safety
(radiation); and (4) raw water quality (Fe, Mn, bacteria
and organics).
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Radon, 'Water supply,
"Potable water, Performance evaluation. Activated
carbon treatment, New Hampshire, Field tests, Water
quality. Revisions, Aeration, Cost analysis,
Graphs(Charts), Column packings, Air circulation!
Ground water, "Small systems.
PB90-129339/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Recent Advances In Risk Reduction Engineering.
Symposium paper.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
J. J. Convery. 1989,14p EPA/600/D-89/250
Presented at Pan Pacific Cooperative Symposium
(1st), on Industrialization and Emerging Environmental
Health Issues, Kitakyushu, Japan, October 2-6,1989.
Contemporary environmental legislation such as the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensa-
tion and Liability Act of 1980 and the Superfund
Amendment and Reauthorization Act of 1986 empha-
size the reduction of risk of damage to the environ-
ment and human health as the basis of environmental
management. There is a hierarchy of approaches to
risk reduction including source control, reuse and recy-
cle, treatment and exposure minimization. Recent ex-
amples of these approaches, which were evaluated by
the Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, are pre-
sented including: Superfund innovative technology
demonstrations, waste reduction techniques, protec-
tive clothing and an expert system to assess risk.
Keywords: 'Public health, 'Hazardous materials So-
lidification, Stabilization, Protective clothing, Exposure
Leaching, Waste disposal, 'Risk assessment, 'Envl^
ronment management, 'Waste management, Waste
recycling, Superfund program, Pollution regulations,
Source reduction, Waste Reduction Innovatn/e Tech-
nology Program, Waste utilization, Technology utiliza-
tion. Dose-response relationships. Land pollution.
PB90-129347/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Persistence of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Contami-
nation in a California Marine Ecosystem.
Southern California Coastal Water Research Project
Authority, Long Beach.
D. R. Young, R. W. Gossett, and T. C. Heesen. 1989
12p EPA/600/D-89/252,, ERLN-P11
Grant EPA-R-803707, Contract NA80RA-D-00040
Pub. in Oceanic Processes in Marine Pollution, Chao-
ter 3, v5 p33-41 1989. Prepared in cooperation with
Dames and Moore, Los Angeles, CA., and National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Rockvifie
MD. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab. Narl
ragansett, Rl.	''
Despite major reductions in the dominant DDT and
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) input off Los Angeles
(California, U.S.A.) in the early 1970s, the levels of
these pollutants decreased only slightly from 1972 to
1975 both in surficial bottom sediments and in a flat-
fish bioindicator (Dover sole, Microstomus pacificuai
collected near the submarine outfall. Concentrations
of these pollutants in the soft tissues of the mussel Mu
tilus calHomianus, collected intertidally well inshore of
the highly contaminated bottom sediments, followed
much more closely the decreases in the outfall dis-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ed sediments on the seafloor were the principal (al-
though not necessarily direct) cause of the relatively
high and persistent concentrations of DDT and PCB
residues in tissues. The study indicated that residues
of the higher-molecular-weight chlorinated hydrocar-
bons, such as DDT and PCB, can be highly persistent
once released to coastal marine ecosystems and that
their accumulation in surficial bottom sediments is the
most likely cause of this persistence observed in the
biota of the discharge zone.
Keywords: 'Sediments, *DDT, Chlorohydrocarbons,
Pesticides,	Aquatic	animals,
Concentration(Composition), Tissues(Biology), *Los
Angeles(California), 'Polychlorinated biphenyls, 'Eco-
systems, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), "Sedi-
ment-water interfaces, 'Water pollution sampling, Bio-
logical accumulation.
PB90-129354/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Predicting Bloaccumulatlon: Development of a
Simple Partitioning Model for Use as a Screening
Tool for Regulating Ocean Disposal of Wastes.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
J. A. Lake, N. Rubinstein, and S. Pavignano. 1967,19p
EPA/600/D-89/253, ERLN-905
Pub. in Aquatic Systems, Chapter 12, p151-166 1987.
Simple bioconcentration models (1-5) and relatively
complex food chain models (6-9) have been used to
predict the accumulation of resistant organic com-
pounds In aquatic organisms. Other models based on
fugacitles have been used to estimate distributions of
compounds in idealized environments including orga-
nisms (10-12). Selection of a model depends on the
availability of input data and the objectives of the
study. The accuracy of the model prediction, however,
depends upon (1) the accuracy of the input variables;
(2) the validity of the model for predicting the modeled
process; and (3) limitations in the range of applicability
of the model including, for environmental studies, the
importance of the process that is modeled in determin-
ing the total bioaccumulation in the organism.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Water pollution, Industri-
al wastes, Graphs(Charts), Predictions, Food chains,
Reprints, 'Bioaccumulation, 'Environmental monitor-
ing, 'Ocean waste disposal.
PB90-129362/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Pilot-Scale ESP (Electrostatic Precipitator) and
Hydro-Sonic Scrubber Parametric Tests for Par-
ticulate, Metals and HC1 Emissions. Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
S. Garg. Jun 89,77p EPA/530/SW-90/009
Also pub. as Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park,
NC. Progress Center rept. no. DCN-89-232-011-034-
05. Prepared in cooperation with Radian Corp., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Progress Center.
The EPA's Office of Solid Waste is currently develop-
ing additional regulations to control emissions of par-
ticulate matter, toxic metals and hydrochloric acid
(HC1) from hazardous waste incinerators. Emissions
data was collected to support these regulations; test-
ing was conducted on two pilot-scale air pollution con-
trol systems installed and operated in Tulsa, OK. The
test program took place between March 26 and April 4,
1989. The report represents the results of the testing
program and describes the processes involved as wen
as me testing and analytical methods used. The pri-
mary objective of the test program was to collect par-
ticulate and toxic metals removal efficiency and emis-
sions data for two pilot-scale air pollution control sys-
tems-hydro-sonic wet scrubber; and beltran two-stage
electrostatic precipitator.
Keywords: 'Incinerators, 'Waste disposal, 'Air pollu-
tion control equipment, Scrubbers, Electrostatic preci-
pitators, Particles, Metals, Performance evaluation,
Hydrochloric acid,	Pilot	plants,
Concentration(Composition), 'Pollution regulations,
*Air pollution sampling, Tulsa(Oklahoma).
PM0-129461/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Fata of Fenthion In Salt-Marsh Environments: 1.
Factors Affecting Blotlc and Abiotic Degradation
Rates In Water and Sediment. Journal article.
Technical Applications, Inc.. Arlington, VA.
C. R. Cripe, E. J. O'Neill, M. E. Woods. W. T. Gilliam,
and P. H. Pritchard. c1989,14p EPA/600/J-89/160
Contracts EPA-68-03-3124, EPA-68-03-6265
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v0
n9 P747-758 1989. See also PB90-129479. Prepared
in cooperation with Georgia State Univ., Atlanta. Spon-
sored by Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze,
FL.
Fenthion (Baytex), an organophosphate insecticide, is
frequently applied to salt-marsh environments to con-
trol mosquitoes. Shake-flask tests were used to study
rates of abiotic and biotic degradation of fenthion and
the environmental parameters that affect these rates.
Water or water-sediment (500 mg dry weight/L) slur-
ries from salt marshes located along the Northwest
Florida Gulf Coast were used. Flasks contained 200
micrograms fenthion/L, and degradation rates were
determined by following decrease of fenthion over
time. Hydrolysis and biodegradation in water were rela-
tively insignificant fate processes; fenthion disap-
peared from flasks containing water, formalin-sterilized
water, or formalin-sterilized sediment very slowly (half-
life > or = 2 weeks). The presence of nonsterile sedi-
ment resulted in a rapid exponential disappearance of
fenthion (half-life > or = 3.8 days). Biodegradation
was assumed since sterile sediment systems showed
a much slower decrease of fenthion, and the produc-
tion of polar compounds (hexane-unextractable) from
radiolabeled fenthion was greater in the presence of
sediment than sterilized sediment.
Keywords: 'Biodeterioration, 'Swamps, 'Sediment,
Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), Rates(Per time), Flori-
da, Reprints, 'Fenthion.
PB90-129479/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Fate of Fenthion In Salt-Marsh Environments: 2.
Transport and Biodegradation In Microcosms.
Journal article.
Technical Resources, Inc., Gulf Breeze, FL.
E. J. O'Neill, C. R. Cripe, L. H. Mueller, J. P. Connolly,
and P. H. Pritchard. C1989, 12d EPA/600/J-89/161
Contracts EPA-68-03-6265, EPA-68-03-2134
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v8
n9 p759-768 1989. See also PB90-129461. Prepared
in cooperation with Manhattan Coll., Bronx, NY. Dept.
of Environmental Engineering. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
The fate of fenthion was examined in microcosms to
define the possible interaction between sediment and
biodegradation in the field. A mathematical model was
also calibrated to calculate the distribution of fenthion
in microcosms. Intact sediment cores, both with and
without Juncus roemertanus, were removed from a salt
marsh and placed into microcosm vessels to simulate
the undisturbed sediment bed of a salt marsh and the
areas containing Juncus. In formalin-sterilized micro-
cosms without plants, fenthion disappeared exponen-
tially from the water column with a half-life of 105.0 h.
Fenthion had a half-life of 35.5 h in the microcosm
without plants. In microcosm with plants, the half-life
was slightly faster (33.2 h). In fractionated sediment
cores, fenthion was found at greater depths in nonster-
ile systems than predicted by diffusion and sorption in
sterile microcosms, possibly because of bioturbation.
Keywords: 'Swamps, 'Biodeterioration, Tables(Data),
Graphs(Charts), Reprints, 'Fenthion, 'Microcosms,
Environmental persistence.
PB90-129487/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Characterization of Anaerobic Dechlorlnatlng
Consortia Derived from Aquatic Sedlmente. Jour-
nal article.
Technical Resources, Inc., Gulf Breeze, FL.
B. R. S. Genthner, W. A. Price, and P. H. Pritchard.
C1989,7p EPA/600/J-89/163
Contracts EPA-68-03-3479, EPA-68-03-6265
Pub. in Applied and Environmenta I Microbiology, v55
n6 p1472-1476 Jun 69. Prepared in cooperation with
Technology Applications, Inc., Gulf Breeze, FL. Spon-
sored by Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze,
FL.
Four methanogenic consortia, which degraded 2-
chlorophenol, 3-chlorophenol, 2-chlorobenzoate, and
3-chlorobenzoate, respectively, and one nitrate-reduc-
ing consortium which degraded 3-chlorobenzoate
were characterized. Degradative activity in these con-
sortia has been maintained in laboratory transfer for
over two years. In the methanogenic consortia, the ar-
omatic ring was dechlorinated before mineralization to
methane and carbon dioxide. After dechlorination, the
chlorophenol consortia converted phenol to benzoate
before mineralization. All methanogenic consortia de-
graded both phenol and benzoate. The 3-chlorophenol
and 3-chlorobenzoate consortia also degraded 2-
chlorophenol. No other cross acclimation to monoch-
lorophenols or monochlorobenzoates was detected in
the methanogenic consortia. (Copyright (c) 1989
American Society for Microbiology)
Keywords: 'Aquatic microbiology, 'Anaerobic bacte-
ria, 'Sediments, 'Chlorine aromatic compounds, Bio-
deterioration, Graphs(Charts), Reprints, High perform-
ance liquid chromatography.
PB90-129495/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Mechanisms of DNA Utilization by Estuarlne Mi-
crobial Populations. Journal article.
University of South Florida, St. Petersburg. Dept. of
Marine Science.
J. H. Paul, M. F. DeFlaun, and W. H. Jeffrey. C1988,9p
EPA/600/J-89/164
Grant NSF-OCE84-15605
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v54
n7 p1682-1688 Jul 88. Sponsored by Environmental
Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL., and National Science
Foundation, Washington, DC.
The mechanisms of utilization of DNA by estarine mi-
crobial populations has been investigated by competi-
tion experiments and DNA uptake studies. Deoxyri-
bonucleoside monophosphates (dNMP's), thymidine,
thymine, and RNA ail completed with the uptake of ra-
dioactivity from (3H)DNA in 4 hour incubations. In fif-
teen minute incubations, dNMP's had no effect or stim-
ulated (3H)DNA binding, depending on concentration.
Uptake of radioactivity from (3H)DNA resulted in little
accumulation of TCA-soluble intracellular radioactivity,
and was inhibited by the DNA synthesis inhibitor novo-
biocin. Molecular fractionation studies indicated that
some radioactivity from (3H)DNA appeared in the RNA
(10 and 30% at 4 and 24 h respectively) and protein
(approximately 3%) fractions. The ability for esturine
microbial assemblages to transport gene sequences
was investigated by plasmid uptake studies followed
by molecular probing. (Copyright (c) 1988 American
Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Aquatic microbiology, 'Genetics, 'Deoxyr-
ibonucleic acids, Ribonucleic acids, Plankton, Thymi-
dines, Reprints, Plasmids, DNA probes, Competitive
binding, Structural genes, Navobiocin, Thymine.
PB90-129503/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Effect of Protozoan Predation on Relative Abun-
dance of Fast- and Slow-Growing Bacteria. Journal
article.
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. Dept of Microbiology.
J. L. Sinclair, and M. Alexander. c1989,7p EPA/600/J-
89/165
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Microbiology, v35 n5 p578-
582 1989. Summary in French. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Survival of six bacterial species with different growth
rates was tested in raw sewage and sewage rendered
free of protozoa. When the six species were inoculated
at the same densities into sewage containing proto-
zoa, the three slow-growing species were rapidly elimi-
nated, and two of the three fast-growing species sur-
vived In detectable numbers. It is suggested that in en-
vironments with intense protozoan predation, protozoa
may alter composition of bacterial communities by
eliminating slow-growing bacteria.
Keywords: 'Microbiology, 'Sewage, 'Protozoa, 'Bac-
teria, Culture media, Pseudomonas, Reprints, 'Preda-
tion, Cell survival, Bradyrhizobium, Micrococcus flavus.
PB90-129511/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL
Environmental Significance of the Potential for
'mer* (Tn2l)-Medlated Reduction of Hg (2+) to Hg
in Natural Waters. Journal article.
Technical Resources, Inc., Gulf Breeze, FL.
T. Barkay, C. Liebert, and M. Gillman. c1989,9p EPA/
600/J-89/166,, CONTRIB-660
Grant EPA-R-813589
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v55
n5 p1196-1202 May 89. Sponsored by Environmental
Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
The role of mer(Tn2l) in adaptation of aquatic microbi-
al communities to Hg2+ was investigated. Elemental
mercury was the sole product of Hg2+ volatilization by
freshwater and saline microbial communities. Bacterial
activity was responsible for biotransformation because
most microeukaryotes did not survive the exposure
conditions, and removal of larger microbes (> 1 micro-
gram) from adapted communities did not significantly
(P > 0.01) reduce Hg2+ volatilization rates. DNA se-
quences homologous to mer(Tn21) were found in 50%
of Hg2+ resistant bacterial strains representing two
freshwater communities, but in only 12% of strains
representing two saline communities (difference highly
significant, P < 0.001). Thus, mer(Tn21) played a sig-
nificant role in Hg2+ resistance among strains isolat-
ed from freshwaters where microbial activity had a lim-
ited role in Hg2+ volatilization. In saline environments
where microbially mediated volatilization was the
major mechanism of Hg2+ loss, other bacterial genes
coded for the biotransformation. (Copyright (c) 1989
American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Aquatic microbiology, "Toxicology, 'Mer-
cury, 'Natural waters, Fresh water, Saltwater, Deoxyr-
ibonucleic acids, Reprints, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), 'Environmental impact, Microbial
sensitivity tests, Bacterial genes, Biotransformation.
PB90-129529/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hybridization of DNA Probes with Whole-Commu-
nity Genome for Detection of Genes That Encode
Microbial Responses to Pollutants: 'mer' Genes
and Hg (2+) Resistance. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
T. Barkay, C. Liebert, and M. Gillman. C1989,6p EPA/
600/J-89/167, CONTRIB-664
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v55
n6p1574-1577 Jun 89.
Nucleic acids extracted from microbial biomass were
hybridized with probes representing four mer operons,
to detect genes encoding adaptation to Hg2 + . An en-
richment in sequences similar to the mer genes of
transposon 501 occurred during adaptation in a fresh-
water community. In an estuarine community, all four
mer genes were only slightly enriched, suggesting that
additional, yet uncharacterized, mer genes encodeded
adaptation to HG2+.
Keywords: "Toxicity, 'Aquatic microbiology, *Genet-
•Ci?ki a r?ur^' Sprints, 'Microbial sensitivity tests,
una probes, 'Genomic library, Nucleic acid hybrid-
ization.	'
PB90-129537/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Novel Pathway of Toluene Catabollsm In the
Trtchloroethylene-Degrading Bacterium G4. Jour-
nal article.
Technical Resources, Inc., Gulf Breeze, FL.
M. S. Shields, S. O. Montgomery, P. J. Chapman, S. M
Cuskey, and P. H. Pritchard. c1989,6p EPA/600/J-
89/168
Contract EPA-68-03-3479
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v55
n6 p1624-1629 Jun 89. Sponsored by Environmental
Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
o-Cresol and 3-methylcatechol were identified as suc-
cessive transitory intermediates of toluene catabolism
by the trichloroethylene-degrading bacterium G4. The
absence of a toluene dihydrodiol intermediate or tolu-
ene dioxygenase and toluene dihydrodiol dehydrogen-
ase activities suggested that G4 catabolizes toluene
by a unique pathway. Formation of a hybrid species of
18Q- and 160-labeled 3-methylcatechol from toluene
in an atmosphere of 180(2) and 160(2) established
that G4 catabolizes toluene by successive monooxy-
genations at the ortho and meta positions. Detection
of trace amounts of 4-methylcatechol from toluene ca-
tabolism suggested that the initial hydroxylation of tol-
uene was not exclusively at the ortho position. Further
catabolism of 3-methylcatechol was found to proceed
via catechol-2,3-dioxygenase and hydroxymuconic se-
mialdehyde hydrolase activities. (Copyright (c) 1989
American Society for Microbiology.)
Kevwords: 'Toluene, 'Biodeterioration,
Graphs(Charts), Chemical reactions, Cresols, Pyroca-
techols/Methyl, Reprints, 'Biological pathways, Ca-
tabolism, 'Trichloroethylene, Enzyme activation, High
performance liquid chromatography, Mixed function
oxidases.
PB90-129545/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Respiration and Osmoregulation of the Estuarine
Crab 'Rhithropanopeus harrlsil' (Gould): Effects of
the Herbicide, Alachlor. Journal article.
Duke Univ., Beaufort, NC. Marine Lab.
D. W. Diamond, L. K. Scott, R. B. Forward, and W.
Kirby-Smith. C1989,8p EPA/600/J-89/169
Pub. in Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,
v93A n2 p313-318 1989. Sponsored by Environmental
Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
The effects of a sudden decrease in salinity and expo-
sure to sublethal concentrations of the herbicide,
Alachlor, on osmoregulation and respiration of the
crab, Rhithropanopeus harrisii, were studied. Crabs
were hyperosmotic regulators at salinities below 24
ppt and became hypoosmotic at higher salinities. Upon
a salinity decrease from 20 to 1 ppt, crabs adjusted
their haemolymph osmolality to a stable hyperosmotic
level in 8 hr. Alachlor concentrations to 50 ppm did not
affect this adjustment. A salinity decrease from 10 to 0
ppt elevated V(sub 02) and the critical oxygen tension.
This response was unaffected by Alachlor concentra-
tions as high as 25 ppm. (Copyright (c) 1989 Pergamon
Press pic.)
Keywords: 'Herbicides, "Respiration, 'Crabs, Salinity,
Reprints, 'Rhithropanopeus harrisii, "Osmoregulation,
'Alachlor, Side effects, Dose-response relationships.
PB90-129552/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Creosote-Contaminated Sites: Their Potential (or
Bioremediatlon. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
J. G. Mueller, P. J. Chapman, and P. H. Pritchard.
C1989,8p EPA/600/J-89/170
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v23
n10p1197-1201 Oct89.
Bioremediation of creosote-contaminated materials is
reviewed here by characterizing coal-tar creosote,
identifying techniques for assessing the biodegradabi-
lity of its many chemical constituents, examining
known routes of microbial transformation of these
chemicals, and reviewing the performance of previous
bioremediation efforts. The approach is developed as
a model system to project the potential application of
bioremediation to ameliorate environments contami-
nated by complex mixtures of structurally diverse haz-
ardous chemicals.
Keywords: 'Site surveys, "Creosote, "Waste disposal,
'Biodeterioration, 'Hazardous materials. Microorga-
nisms, Wood preservatives, Water pollution control,
Leaching, Reprints, 'Clean-up operations, 'Chemical
spills, "Biological industrial waste treatment, 'Remedi-
al action, Land pollution.
PB90-129S60/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Characterization and Nucleotide Sequence Deter-
mination of a Repeat Element Isolated from a
2,4,5-T Degrading Strain of 'Pseudomonas cepa-
cia'. Journal article.
Abraham Lincoln School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
P. H. Tomasek, B. Frantz, U. M. X. Sangodkar, R. A.
Haugland, and A. M. Chakrabarty. c1989,14p EPA/
600/J-89/171
Grant PHS-ES-04050
Pub. in Gene 76, p227-238 1989. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL„ and Na-
tional Inst, of Environmental Health Sciences, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Pseudomonas cepacia strain AC1100, capable of
growth on 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T),
was mutated to the 2,4,5-T(sup -) strain PT88 by a
ColE1 ::Tn5 chromosomal insertion. Using cloned DNA
from the region flanking the insertion, a 1477-bp se-
quence (designated RS1100) was identified which was
repeated several times on the wild-type chromosome
and was also present on AC1100 plasmid DNA. Vari-
ous chromosomal fragments containing this sequence
were cloned and their nucleotide sequence was deter-
mined. Examination of TS1100 revealed the presence
of 38-39-bp terminal inverted repeats immediately
flanked by 8-bp direct repeats. The translated se-
quence of the single large open reading frame of
RS1100 showed structural similarity to the phage Mu
transposes and other DNA-binding proteins. (Copy-
right (c) 1989 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.)
Keywords: "Genetics, Deoxyribonucleic acids, Bind-
ing, Reprints, "Pseudomonas cepacia, 'Nucleic acid
repetitive sequences, 'Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid,
Plasmids, Molecular cloning, DNA insertion elements,
Nucleic acid sequence homology.
PB90-129578/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Utilization of Fluoranthene by 'Pseudomonas Pau-
cimobllls' Strain EPA505.
Southern BioProducts, Inc., Pendleton, SC.
J. G. Mueller, P. J. Chapman, B. O. Blattmann, and P
H. Pritchard. c1989,17p EPA/600/D-89/254
Presented at the Institute of Gas Technology Interna-
tional Symposium (2nd) on Gas, Oil, Coal, and Envi-
ronmental Biotechnology, New Orleans, LA., Decem-
ber 11-13, 1989. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Pseudomonas paucimobilis, strain EPA505, was previ-
ously purified from a 7-membered bacterial community
originally isolated from a creosote-contaminated soil
for its ability to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocar-
bon (PAH) components of creosote. The unique ability
of this organism to utilize fluoranthene as sole source
of carbon and energy for growth in pure culture was
demonstrated by increase in bacterial biomass,
change in UV-absorption spectrum of fluoranthene',
decrease in aqueous fluoranthene concentration, and
the production of metabolites when fluoranthene was
as sole carbon source in liquid culture. Hence, strain
EPA505 and other organisms similarly isolated for their
ability to degrade fluoranthene and related compounds
may prove useful to remediation efforts employing bio-
logical processes.
Keywords: 'Pseudomonas, 'Creosote, 'Soils, Degra-
dation, Carbon, Fluorine organic compounds, Bio-
mass, Culture media, Bacteria, Pseudomonas pauci-
mobilis, Fluoroanthenes, Land pollution.
PB90-129586/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Field Studies in Estuarine Ecosystems: A Review
of Approaches for Assessing Contaminant Ef-
fects. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
J. R. Clark. C1989,17p EPA/600/D-89/255
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology and Hazard Assessment
v12p120-133 1989.
The types of data obtained in field studies must corre-
spond to data used for risk assessment in order to
verify our approaches to predicting contaminant fate
and effects in estuarine systems. Survival of caged
test animals at field test sites provides field datafor
direct comparison with laboratory toxicity test results
Coupling survival and other effects data from caged
animal studies with assessments of stocks and dy-
namics of populations of the same or a related species
at the field site allows extrapolation from simple labo-
ratory and field test results to more complex and eco-
logically significant interpretations. The paper presents
examples of various approaches to contaminant prob-
lems in estuaries.
Keywords: 'Estuaries, 'Water pollution, Field tests
Toxicity, Populations, Runoff, Sediments, Animals'
Survival, Risk, Design, Malathion, Reprints, Ecosvs^
tems.
PB90-129594/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Bloaccumulatlon of 1,2,4-Trlchlorobenzene from
Food and Water Sources by Spot ('Letostomiaa
xanthurus'). Journal article.
Technical Resources, Inc., Gulf Breeze, FL.
P. T. Heitmuller, and J. R. Clark. C1989,11p EPA/600/
D-89/256
Grant EPA-R-8033479
Pub. in Special Technical Publication 1027, p261-269
1989. Proceedings of American Society for Testina
and Materials Symposium on Aquatic Toxicology and
Hazard Assessment, Reno, NV., April 24-26, 1988
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab. Gum
Breeze, FL.
Contaminated food was prepared by exposing Dink
shrimp (Penaeus duorarum) to 10 micrograms/1 1,2 4.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
trichlorobenzene -UL-(14)C (TCB) for 12 days; whole
body concentration of TCB in the exposed shrimp was
0.59 micrograms/a Juvenile spot (Leiostomus xanth-
urus) were Ted the TCB-contaminated shrimp at a daily
ration of 10% body weight for 28 days; they accumu-
lated less than 0.05 micrograms/g TCB (detection
limits). Spot were exposed to 10 micrograms/l TCB in
water for 28 days and fed uncontaminated food bio-
concentrated TCB approximately 100 times the aque-
ous exposure concentration. Spot, exposed simulta-
neously to contaminated food and water described
above, bioaccumulated TCB equal to the aqueous ex-
posure treatment. Results were compared with data
from a TCB bioaccumulation with freshwater species;
both studies indicated that TCB was accumulated
moderately from contaminated water and accumula-
tion from contaminated food was negligible.
Keywords: 'Accumulation, "Chlorobenzenes, 'Fishes,
Diets,	Toxicology,	Hazards,
Concentration(Composition), Shrimps, Water supply,
Food, Bass, Reprints, Trichlorobenzene, 'Leiostomus
xanthurus, Spot, Morone saxatilis.
PB90-129677/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Laminar Flow Element: Its Use as a Flow Stand-
ard. Symposium paper.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
W. F. Barnard. 1990,12pEPA/600/D-89/176
A standard device to measure flows accurately and
precisely was required by the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency (EPA) to establish an air pollution field
auditing system capable of generating pollutant con-
centrations in the parts per million and parts per billion
range. The establishment of a standard normally re-
quires the device possess accuracy and precision
specifications at least an order of magnitude (one
decade) better than the devices to be calibrated. In the
measurement of low flows (less than 20 liters per
minute) there are many devices capable of 1-2 percent
accuracies. The figure generally represents a percent-
age of full scale. When properly calibrated, the laminar
flow element (LFE) is capable of obtaining accuracies
better than .3 percent of reading. The LFE s character-
istics, calibrations, limitations, and usage in EPA's Na-
tional Performance Audit Program are presented.
Keywords: 'Gas flow, Calibrating, Performance eval-
uation, Concentration(Composition), Manometers, Vis-
cosity, DensltyfMass/volume), Compressibility, 'Lam-
inar flow element, 'Air pollution standards, 'Air pollu-
tion monitors, Air pollution sampling, US EPA, National
Performance Audit Program.
PB90-12M85/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Tools for Mapping Environmental Monitoring
Data.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
W. B. Riggan, L. T. Heiderscheit, J. P. Creason, and A.
C. Pellam. 1990,9p EPA/600/D-89/210
Prepared in cooperation with Integrated Lab. Systems,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
The data presentation tool with a variety of types of
data which may contain spatial and temporal patterns
of interest. The technology links mainframe computing
power to the new generation of 'desktop publishing
hardware and software to produce publication-quality
maps and tables. Maps of air pollution data have now
been generated which show spatial and temporal pat-
terns for emissions as well as ambient air quality
levels, using a Macintosh II computer with a laser print-
er.
Keywords: 'Automatic mapping, 'Computer aided
design, 'Environmental surveys. Monitors. Computer
programs, Data processing, Air pollution.
PB90-129693/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Genetic Activity Profiles in the Tasting and Eval-
uation of Chemical Mixtures.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. D. Waters, L. D. Claxton, H. F. Stack, A. L. Brady,
and T. E. Qraedel. 1990,35p EPA/600/D-89/209
Proceedings of the workshop on Experimental and
Epidemiologic Applications to Risk Assessment of
Complex Mixtures, Espoo, Finland, May 14-17, 1989.
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Health
Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park,
NC., and A.T. and T. Bell Labs., Murray Hill, NJ.
Some knowledge of the potential genetic activity of a
complex environmental mixture may be gained from an
assessment of the genetic activity of its component
chemicals. The expanded Genetic Activity Profile
(GAP) data base provides a computer-generated
graphic representation of genetic bioassay data as a
function of dose of the substance tested. In addition,
the Atmospheric Chemical Compound (ACC) data
base contains information on chemical structures,
properties, detection methods and sources of chemi-
cals found in ambient air. Using the combined data
bases, information on the quantity of an individual
chemical present within a mixture or fraction of a mix-
ture may be related to the quantity (lowest effective
dose, LED) of the chemical required to demonstrate a
positive response in one or more genetic bioassays.
Quantitative information on the carcinogenic potency
of each individual compound (TD50 value) may also be
related to the quantity present in the mixture or mixture
fraction. In turn, the quantity of the chemical In the
complex mixture to which humans are exposed may be
estimated and used to calculate the percent human
exposure dose/rodent potency dose (HERP) for the
chemical.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Toxicity, 'Chemical analy-
sis, Mixtures, Bioassay, Detection, Graphs(Charts),
'Mutagenicity tests, 'Carcinogenicity tests, 'Toxic
substances, Health hazards, Dose-response relation-
ships.
PB90-130188/HSU
PC A04/MF A01
Hydrogeology and Reaults of Aquifer Testa In the
Vicinity of a Hazardous-Waste Disposal Site Near
Byron, Illinois. Water-resources investigations.
Geological Survey, Reston, VA. Water Resources Div.
R. T. Kay, D. N. Olson, and B. J. Ryan. Jul 89,65p
USGS/WRI-89-4081
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, conducted a
hydrogeologic Investigation of a Superfund Site near
Byron, Illinois. The purpose of the investigation was to
determine the hydrogeologic properties that control
the movement of water through the Galena-Platteville
and St. Peter aquifers. These are the primary domestic
water-supply; aquifers in the area. Movement of water
in the dolomites is mainly through joints, fractures, and
solution openings. Ground-water flow in the study area
is from the salvage yard northwestward to the Rock
River. Ground water recharges from the dolomite to
the St. Peter aquifer beneath the salvage yard and dis-
charges from the Quaternary alluvial aquifer at the
river. Analysis of the Galena-Platteville aquifer-test
data indicates that the calculated aquifer transmissh/lty
ranges from 490 to 670 feet squared per day, and the
calculated specific yield ranges from 0.017 to 0.140.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Hydrogeology.
'Waste disposal, Aquifers, Ground water, Water flow,
Transmissivity, Fracture, Dolomite(Rocks), Hydraulic
conductivity, Water storage, Maps, Drawdown, 'Su-
perfund site, Discharge tests, Water levels.
PB90-130352/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
National Air Quality and Emlaslons Trends Report,
1887.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Qualify Planning and Standards.
T. C. Curran, R. B. Faoro, T. Fitz-Simons, N. H. Frank,
and W. F. Hunt. 1987,152p EPA/450/4-89/001
See also report for 1986, PB88-172473.
The report presents national and regional trends in air
quality from 1978 through 1987 for total suspended
particulate, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen
dioxide, ozone and lead. Air pollution trends were also
examined for the 5-year period (1983-87). Both nation-
al and regional trends in each of these pollutants are
examined. National air quality trends are also present-
ed for both the National Air Monitoring Sites (NAMS)
and other site categories. In addition to ambient air
quality, trends are also presented for annual nation-
wide emissions. These emissions are estimated using
the best available engineering calculations; the ambi-
ent levels presented are averages of direct measure-
ments.
Keywords: 'Air quality, 'Emission, Air pollution, Sulfur
dioxide, Ozone, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen dioxide,
Monitoring, Trends, Environmental engineering, Urban
areas, Regional planning.
PB90-130402/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Low-Altitude and Low-Temperature Exhauat
Emissions Tests of Four Vehicles on Oxygenated
Gasoline Blenda and Gasoline Fuels. Technical
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Test
and Evaluation Branch.
E. A. Barth. May 88,11p EPA-AA-TEB-89/03
The Coordination Research Council (CRC) initiated a
project to study the effect of altitude and the use of ox-
ygenated gasoline blends on motor vehicle exhaust
emissions at 75 F and low temperature. The EPA
MVEL provided four open-loop carbureted motor vehi-
cles to be tested at low-altitude. The report describes
the tests performed on the four motor vehicles. Test
results, vehicle specifications, fuel specifications and
emission results are included.
Keywords: 'Exhaust gases, 'Gasoline, 'Motor vehi-
cles, 'Air pollution. Tests, Specifications, Blends, Tem-
perature measurement, High altitude.
PB90-130444/HSU	PC A11 /MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Guideline Series: Guidance Document for Resi-
dential Wood Combustion Emlaaion Control
Measures.
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
B. Davis, and B. Read. Sep 89,236p EPA/500/2-89/
015
Contract EPA-68-02-4392
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The publication was prepared to provide guidance to
State and local air pollution control agencies with
regard to emission control measures for residential
wood combustion (RWC). The guidance is specifically
directed to agencies that are required by the U.S. EPA
to demonstrate through the State implementation
planning process that the national ambient air quality
standard for PM-10 will be attained. There are four cat-
egories of RWC emission control measures: public
awareness, combustion efficiency, restriction or reduc-
tion in the number of RWC devices, episodic curtail-
ment. A hierarchy of effectiveness and reliability of
emission control measures is presented. Methods for
developing estimates of RWC emissions are present-
ed in order to apply a quantitative estimate of effective-
ness of control measures.
Keywords: 'Guidelines, 'Air pollution control, 'Resi-
dential buildings, 'Combustion products, State govern-
ment Local government, Combustion efficient Per-
formance evaluation, 'Wood burning appliances,
Public information, State implementation plans,
Energy source development.
PB90-130489/HSU	PC A1S/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Air and Radiation.
Survey of Indoor Air Quality Diagnostic and Miti-
gation Firms. Final rept.
ICF-Lewin Energy, Fairfax, VA.
Nov 89,332p EPA/400/1-89/004
Contract EPA-68-01 -4601
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Air and Radiation.
The document reports on a survey conducted by the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to help
assess the capacity of the private sector to provide
services related to the diagnoses and mitigation of
indoor air quality problems in residential buildings,
public buildings, commercial buildings, and other non-
industrial environments. Questionnaires were mailed
to approximately 7000 firms who EPA thought were
potentially offenng such sen/ices. The body of the
report provides a brief summary of the survey findings.
In the appendices, the report provides a copy of tne
§uestionnaire, lists the firms alphabetically and by
tate and city, provides addresses and telephone
numbers, summarizes their answers to the question-
naire, and provides brief guidance for those seeking
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
the services of such firms. EPA did not attempt to
verify the accuracy of the responses received.
Keywords: Environmental surveys, "Buildings, Ques-
tionnaires, Radon, Asbestos, Corporations, "Indoor air
pollution, 'Air quality, Mitigation, Diagnostic tech-
niques, Environmental monitoring, US EPA, Air pollu-
tion sampling.
PB90-130493/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Incineration of Creosote and Pentachlorophenol
Wood-Preserving Wastewater Treatment Sludges.
Rept. for Oct 86-Sep 89.
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
F. D. Hall. Nov 89,132p EPA/600/2-89/060
Contract EPA-68-03-3389
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The report describes the treatment of creosote and
pentachlorophenol wood preserving wastewater treat-
ment sludges by rotary kiln incineration (RCRA Code
K001).
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Creosote, 'Inciner-
ators, 'Waste treatment, Wood preservatives. Rotary
kilns, Tests, Waste disposal, Quality control, Emission,
Vaporizing, Organic compounds, Effectiveness, Com-
bustion, Tables(Data), 'Pentachlorophenol, Best dem-
onstrated available technology.
PB90-130600/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Modeling the Effects of Pollutants on the Proc-
esses of Tree Growth. Symposium paper.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
E. D. Ford, and A. R. Kiester. 1989,34p EPA/600/D-
88/202
Pub. in Forest Growth: Process Modeling of Response
to Environmental Stress, 1989. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Washington Univ., Seattle. Center for Quanti-
tative Science.
Policy relevant modeling of the effects of pollutants on
tree and forest growth need to achieve two goals.
First, they must encapsulate the understanding of the
processes by which trees grow and by which pollut-
ants act. Second, they must provide the ability to make
plausible projections of the response of trees and for-
ests to alternative pollution scenarios in order to
assess the potential effects of regulatory action. Back-
ground considerations and an account of work in
progress for a modeling system of tree growth de-
signed to meet these needs is presented. The model-
ing system consists of a series of related models each
of which can be studied alone or in concert as they
form a whole tree. These individual models are charac-
terized by consideration of both physiology and mor-
P™!°Sy Taken together as a Simple Whole Tree
(swi (model they can account for synergies and com-
pensations at the level of the whole tree as it responds
to pollutant effects.
Keywords: 'Plant growth, 'Trees(Plants), 'Toxicology,
Predictions, Morphology, Phenology, Vegetation,
Graphs(Cnarts), Plant physiology, Forestry,
Formulas(Mathematics), Reprints, Air pollution
effects(Plants), Dose-response relationships, Acid
rain.
PBSO-130675/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Is Inhaled Arsenic Carcinogenic for Sites Other
Than the Lung. Symposium paper.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
H. Gibb, and C. Chen. 1 May 89,23p EPA/600/D-89/
194, OHEA-C-309
Presented at a meeting held in Hannover, Federal Re-
public of Germany on February 21,1989.
The carcinogenic risk from inhaled arsenic for sites
other than the lung is discussed. Data from persons in-
gesting arsenic as well as from persons inhaling ar-
senic are considered in arriving at the conclusions. In
the past, lung cancer has generally been assumed to
be the only cancer risk due to arsenic exposure via in-
halation. The evidence suggests, however, that inhala-
tion exposure to arsenic increases the risk of gastroin-
testinal, urinary tract, and skin cancer in addition to
lung cancer. A lifetime gastrointestinal cancer risk from
a lifetime exposure of 1 micro g/cu m of ambient ar-
senic is estimated to be 4.3 x 10(-4).
Keywords: 'Arsenic, 'Toxicity, 'Neoplasms, 'Respira-
tion, Urinary system, Gastrointestinal system,
Skin(Anatomy), Exposure, Internal medicine, Mortality,
'Air pollution effects(Humans), Risk assessment,
Dose-response relationships.
PB90-130683/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Integrated Quantitative Cancer Risk Assessment
of Inorganic Arsenic. Symposium paper (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
C. W. Chen, and C. J. Chen. Feb 89,24p EPA/600/D-
89/193, OHEA-C-312
Presented at the Symposium on Health Risk Assess-
ment, Tapei, Taiwan, December 20-22,1988.
The paper attempts to make an integrated risk assess-
ment of arsenic, using data on humans exposed to ar-
senic via inhalation and ingestion. The data useful for
making an integrated analysis and data gaps are dis-
cussed. Arsenic provides a rare opportunity to com-
pare the cancer risk to humans due to exposure to a
metal carcinogen via inhalation and ingestion. The
study's assessment suggests that the elevated lung
cancer mortality observed in the population of the
blackfoot disease endemic areas is consistent with
that observed in copper smelter workers who, presum-
ably, were exposed to arsenic via inhalation. It is also
speculated, on the basis of overall information on ar-
senic, that smelter workers could have an elevated
cancer mortality in sites other than the lung, contrary
to the usual assumption that lung tissue is the only
target tissue for cancer when exposure is via inhala-
tion.
Keywords: 'Arsenic, 'Respiration, 'Occupational dis-
eases, 'Neoplasms, Smelting, Lung, Exposure, Death
rate, Ingestion(Biology), Data, Skin(Anatomy), Potable
water, Internal medicine, 'Risk assessment, 'Air pollu-
tion effects(Humans), Pharmacokinetics.
PB90-130691/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Biological Assessment and Ecological Rick As-
sessment: New Tools for Clean-Up Decisions at
Hazardous Waste Sites. Symposium paper (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
S. B. Norton, J. Benforado, C. Zamuda, A. Mittleman,
and I. Diwan. Dec 88,13p EPA/600/D-89/192, OHEA-
E-323
Presented at Symposium on In situ Evaluation of Bio-
logical Hazards of Environmental Pollutants, (1st),
Chapel Hill, NC., December 5-7,1988. Prepared in co-
operation with Technical Resources, Inc., Rockville,
MD.
Bioassessment techniques are useful tools that can be
used to evaluate the toxicity of site-specific complex
mixtures using resident or laboratory-reused orga-
nisms. Although regulations based on bioassessment
have been implemented under the NPDES program,
the use of these techniques at hazardous waste sites
is at a relatively early stage of development. Most
commonly, bioassessment techniques have been
used to identify contaminated areas at sites, and also
to measure adverse effects that have occurred at the
site. In order for bioassessment to be more extensively
used, however, advances are needed in two general
areas. First, the authors need to provide firmer links
between endpoints that can be measured via bioas-
says to endpoints that are used in decision-making.
Second, bioassessment results need to be more di-
rectly applicable to the design of treatment technol-
ogies.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Hazardous materials, Toxicity,
Assessments, Laboratory animals, Bioassay, Decision
making, Risk, Sites, Exposure, Chemical analysis,
Clean up.
PB90-130709/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Contaminant Loading to Puget Sound from Two
Marinas. Puget Sound Estuary Program. Final rept.
Jun 88-Oct 88.
Battelle Ocean Sciences, Duxbury, MA.
E. A. Crecelius, T. J. Fortman, S. L. Klesser, C. W.
AptS, and O. A. Cotter. Jul 89,67p EPA/910/9-89/014
Contract EPA-68-03-3319
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seat-
tle, WA. Region X.
Concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, PAH's, TBT and FC bac-
teria were measured in surface sediment, sediment
trap and water column samples at two marinas in
Puget Sound during summer of 1988. Levels of con-
taminants inside the marinas were compared with
levels outside. TBT had greatest elevation in marina
sediments compared to reference sediments. Few of
sediments exceeded Puget Sound AET sediment qual-
ity values but most did exceed PSDDA screening
levels for in-water disposal of dredged sediment. All
marinas estimated to contribute less than one percent
of total mass loading of Cu, Pb and Zn to main basin of
Puget Sound. Contribution of TBT may be much more
significant if antifouling paints are the major source for
Puget Sound.
Keywords: 'Puget Sound, "Marinas, 'Sediments,
Copper, Lead(Metal), Zinc, Aromatic polycyclic hydro-
carbons, Quality control, Field tests, Conform bacteria.
Sedimentation, Ocean currents, 'Sediment-water
interfaces, 'Environmental monitoring, 'Water Pollu-
tion sampling, Northwest Region(Wasnington), Tln/tri-
butyl.
PB90-130725/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Guidance for the Reregistration of Pesticide
Products Containing Ethlon as the Active Ingredi-
ent.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
29 Sep 89,153p EPA/540/RS-90/068
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of date requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in arriving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: 'Standards, 'Pesticides, Packaging,
Labels, Marking, Hazardous materials, Tables(Data),
Agricultural products, Regulations, 'Ethion, 'Reregis-
tration, 'Toxic substances, Federal Insecticide Fungi-
cide and Rodenticide Act, Organophosphate insecti-
cides, CAS 563-12-2.
PB90-130832/HSU	PC A19/MF AOS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Analysis of State and Federal Sulfur Dloxkle
Emission Regulations for Combustion Sources
(Revised).
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. B. Vitas, R. F. Pandullo, and D. Pickett. Sep 89,
433p* EPA/450/2-89/014
Contract EPA-68-02-4392
See also PB83-179838. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
State implementation plan (SIP) regulations and Fed-
eral new source performance standards (NSPS) per-
taining to sulfur dioxide (S02) emissions from fuel
combustion sources have been compiled and summa-
rized in the report. State regulations which were sub-
mitted to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
and have been approved as part of the SIP as of De-
cember 31,1988 are included. The source categories
to which the regulations presented herein apply are
broadly defined as indirect and direct heat exchangers,
and pnmary steam generators (boilers). The report ww
serve as a quick reference for estimating S02 emis-
sion rates, assessing ranges of S02 control, and quan-
tifying the relative stringency of emission limits. Usere
are cautioned, however, to contact the appropriate
State and/or local air pollution control agency and
EPA Regional Office to verify the specific S02 emis-
sion limit that is applicable to an individual source.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Sulfur dioxide
'Combustion products, 'Air pollution control, state
government. National government, Heat exchangers
Boilers, Local government, Performance evaluation'
'Pollution regulations, 'State implementation plans!
'New source performance standards. Dry methods
Wet methods, Flue gas dasulfurization, Fluidized bed
combustion, Standards compliance, Air pollution sam-
pling.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-130949/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Roto of Sample Temperature in the Fleid-lnduced
Alteration of Calcium Release from Brain Tissue,
In vitro.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. F. Blackman, S. G. Benane, and D. E. House. 198S,
11p EPA/600/D-89/211
The release of calcium ions from in vitro preparations
of chicken brain-tissue has been used by several in-
vestigators to demonstrate the interaction of electric
and magnetic (EM) fields with biological systems. For
exposures with radiofrequency radiation amplitude
modulated at extremely low frequencies (ELF), the ob-
servations have all been of field-induced enhancement
of the calcium release. In contrast, when only ELF EM
fields are employed, the release of calcium ions has
been reported by one research group to be inhibited
and by another group, enhanced. The results in the
report demonstrate that either observation, or a null
result, is possible under exposure to 16-Hz sinusoidal
EM fields, at 14.1 Vrms/m (in air), and 64 nTesla-rms,
depending upon the thermal condition of the samples
prior to and during exposure. When the sample tem-
perature is ascending during the 20 minute exposure
enhanced release is observed, when stable during ex-
posure (i.e., within + or - 0.3C of the final temperature)
the release is reduced, and when descending a null
result occurs. This finding may reconcile the disagree-
ment in the direction of the field-induced response and
explain the reason the experimental result is so difficult
to replicate.
Keywords: 'Calcium, 'Brain, 'Radiofrequency heat-
ing Electromagnetic fields, In vitro analysis, Exposure,
Chickens, *Brain chemistry.
PB90-130956/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Historical Perspectives of Water Quality in Sagi-
naw Bay-
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie, Ml.
Largo Lakes Research Station.
VV L Richardson, and R. G. Kreis. 1990,46p EPA/
eO0/D-89/191
Pub. in Symposium Proceedings, Conference on Sagi-
naw Bay, Baton Rouge, LA., June 21-22,1988.
The paper reviews past and present water quality con-
ditionsTn Saginaw Bay, Ml. Data and ideas in published
and unpublished reports from 1937 to the present are
summarized from old reports written years ago by the
U S. Public Health Service, Federal Water Pollution
Control Administration, Federal Water Quality Agency,
the Environmental Protection Agency, and others.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Saginaw Bay, History, Oil
(killing. Brines, Lake Huron, Circulation,
Gralphs(Charts).
PM0-130M4/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
-Theoretical and Computational Approach to
Chemical Evaluation Based on Structure-Activity
Relationships.
Frivironmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
G J Niemi, S. Basak, and G. D. Veith. 1990,14p EPA/
600/D-89/190
Put, in Meeting Proceedings of the International Soci-
ety of Environmental Protection, Vienna, Austria. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Minnesota Univ.-Duluth. Nat-
ural Resources Research Inst.
During the past ten years there has been development
of relationships to predict physical, chemical, environ-
iLntei and toxicological properties of chemicals di-
rectly from structure. The fundamental framework of
the approach is to propose a theoretical basis for such
relationships, compile data to test these relationships,
and modify relationships on the basis of these
fljjL The essential elements of this process are (1)
the development of mathematical descriptors that
ouantify different aspects of molecular structure; and
XT the use of multivariate statistical techniques to
uintify intrinsic dimensions of chemical structure and
to develop structure-activity relationships (SAR) to
oradict the property of interest from structure. These
relationships may be applied to any chemical data
mm because such relationships are derived from pa-
rameters which are nonempirlcal and algorithmically
defined.
Kavwords- 'Applications of mathematics, 'Chemical
MoerOea, Statistical analysis, Biodeterioration, Toxlc-
ItyReprints, 'Structure-activity relationships, 'Struc-
tural chemical analysis, Predictive value of tests, Car-
cinogenicity tests, Theoretical data.
PB90-131079/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Research on Fate and Effects of Toxic Chemicals
In Terrestrial Plants at EPA (Environmental Pro-
tection Agency) Corvallls Environmental Re-
search Laboratory. Symposium paper.
Southwest Alabama Health Systems Agency, Mobile.
C. Mc Farlane. 1989,12p EPA/600/D-89/201
Presented at symposium 'Human Exposure to Chemi-
cals', Toronto, Canada, December 12-13,1988.
The authors research is motivated by the need to pro-
tect the human chain and the environment from con-
tamination by agricultural and industrial toxic chemi-
cals. The objective of their research is to learn what
plant mechanisms determine uptake, translocation,
accumulation, and biodegradation of toxic chemicals
in terrestrial plants. They believe that with this knowl-
edge, a model can be developed that will be useful in
understanding and predicting chemical fate in plants.
The authors are also concerned about the effects of
chemicals on the plants physiology and the resultant
effect on uptake patterns and biomass production.
Their work has been divided into the following three
areas: database development, chemical fate experi-
ments in plants, and model development.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Plants(Botany),
'Environmental surveys, Mathematical models, Infor-
mation systems, Industrial wastes, Agricultural chemis-
try, Biomass, Pesticides, Biodetenoration, Ecology,
Food chain, 'Toxic substances, 'Biological effects,
'Land pollution, Path of pollutants, Biological accumu-
lation, Environmental fate, US EPA.
PB90-131087/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Goals snd Accomplishments of the Corvallls Risk
Assessment Biotechnology Program. Symposium
paper.
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab.. OR.
M. V. Walter, R. J. Seidler, and J. L. Armstrong. 1989,
18p EPA/600/D-89/200
Presented at 'Risk Assessment in Agricultural Biotech-
nology', Davis, CA., July 31-August 4,1988. Prepared
In cooperation with NSI Technology Services Corp.,
Corvaliis, OR., and Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept.
of Microbiology.
The goal of the Terrestrial Microbial Ecology/Biotech-
nology Program is to develop methods to evaluate po-
tential impacts of genetically engineered microbes
(GEMs), and microbial pest control agents (MPCAs),
on terrestrial ecosystems. In the last few years, bio-
technology companies have constructed genetically
engineered viruses, bacteria, and fungi that will func-
tion following their purposeful release into the environ-
ment. The technology has brought a renewed interest
in microbial ecology and a need to define and better
understand the nature of exposures and possible risks
of releasing these novel microbes. The authors efforts
have dealt largely with the development of complex
microcosms to study the kinetics of conjugal gene
transfer, survival, and dispersal of various bacterial
genera containing recombinant DNA. They have found
that insects can serve as reservoirs of recombinant or-
ganisms and as vectors causing contamination of
plants and soil. Evaluation of the data on aerosol dis-
persal of recombinant bacteria spray released in Cali-
fornia revealed that simple monitoring devices can be
used to document the extent of bacterial dispersal. Ul-
timately, data from laboratory, microcosm, and field
evaluations will be integrated into mathematical
models that will help predict the ramifications of re-
leasing recombinant microbes into the environment.
Keywords: 'Pest control, 'Soil microbiology, 'Microor-
ganisms, 'Research projects, Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi,
Plants(Botany), Environmental surveys, Pesticides,
Aerosols, Sampling, 'Risk assessment, 'Land pollu-
tion, 'Terrestrial ecosystems, 'Biotechnology, Genetic
effects, Genetic variability, Genetic engineering, Envi-
ronmental transport.
PB90-131111/HSU	PC A24/MF A03
Transactions; Effects of Air Pollution on Western
Forests. Symposium paper.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
R. K. Olson, and A. S. Lefohn. 1989,557p EPA/600/
D-89/195
Pub. in Symposium on Air and Waste Management As-
sociation, Anaheim, CA., June 29-30,1989. Prepared
in cooperation with A.S.L. and Associates, Helena,
MT„ Air and Waste Management Association, Pitts-
burgh, PA., and Forest Service, Washington, DC.
The volume contains 35 papers from a Symposium
held June 29-30, 1989 in Anaheim, CA, Topics ad-
dressed include air quality and deposition, forest con-
dition and growth trends, physiological mechanism of
effects, and effects of air pollution on forest soils.
Among the conclusions reached at the Symposium
were: (1) large areas of forests in California have been
damaged by ozone; (2) highly acidic clouds impact for-
ests in Washington, California and Colorado; (3) most
western forest soils are not currently at risk from acid
deposition; (4) forests in southern Arizona are experi-
encing unexplained growth declines.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Air pollution, 'Forestry,
'Meetings, Growth, Soils, Acidity, Ozone, Damage,
Clouds(Meteorology), Aerosols, California, Canada,
Concentration(Composition), Risk, Environmental im-
pacts, Gases, Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data), 'Air pol-
lution effects(Plants), Western region(United States).
PB90-131129/HSU	PC A10/MF A02
Chemicals and Bacteriological Organisms in Rec-
reational Shellfish. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
J. Faigenblum. Jun 88,224p EPA/910/9-88/245
Prepared in cooperation with Washington State Dept.
of Social and Health Services, Olympia. Office of Envi-
ronmental Health Programs.
The study was conducted to measure levels of toxic
chemicals and bacteriological indicator organisms in
clams taken from recreational harvesting areas of
Puget Sound. The overall study hypothesis was that
shellfish collected at sites close to urban bays would
be found to have higher levels of such contaminants
and indicator organisms than those collected at sites
well away from urban or industrial influences. The
chemicals selected for measurement were based on
their toxicity, distribution and persistence in the envi-
ronment. All were on the EPA's Priority Pollutant List
and had been recognized as compounds of concern in
Puget Sound. Target species were Protothaca sta-
minea, the native little neck clam and Saxidomus gi-
ganteus, the butter clam taken from selected sites
around Puget Sound.
Keywords: 'Coliform bacteria, 'Shellfish, 'Toxicity,
'Puget Sound, Clams, Indicator species, Microbiology,
Metals, Statistical analysis, Spatial distribution, Sites,
Coliform, Chemicals, Protothaca staminea, Little neck
clam, Saxidonus giganteus, Butter clam.
PB90-131434/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Alternative Control Technology Document Ethyl-
ens Oxide Sterilization/Fumigation Operations.
Midwest Research Inst., Cary, NC.
Mar 89,100p EPA/450/3-89/007
Contract EPA-68-02-4379
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The report presents technical information that State
and local agencies can use to develop strategies for
reducing VOC (i.e., EO) emissions for sterilization/fu-
migation facilities. The information in the document will
allow planners to identify available control alternatives
and evaluate the VOC reduction and cost of imple-
menting controls. The document provides information
on sterilization/fumigation processes, EO (Ethylene
Oxide) emissions, and emission reductions, and cost
associated with the application of control units. Sec-
tion 2.0 presents a summary of the findings of the
study. Section 3.0 provides a description of steriliza-
tion/fumigation facility operations and emission
sources. Section 4.0 provides a description of alterna-
tive control techniques for the reduction of ethylene
oxide emissions. Section 5.0 presents a cost analysis
that includes a methodology for computing annualized
equipment and operating costs. A list of contacts at
various Federal agencies who are knowledgeable
about sterilization/fumigation processes is presented
in Appendix A.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Ethylene oxide,
'Sterilization, 'Fumigation, Substitutes, State govern-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ment, Local government, Cost analysis, Operating
costs, Regulations, Sources, Chlorohydrocarbons,
Medical supplies, Microorganisms, Insect control, Ma-
terials recovery, Hospitals, 'Volatile organic com-
pounds, Technology utilization.
PB90-131442/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Control Technology Center.
Evaluation of Emission Control Devices at Wafer-
board Plants. Final rept.
Midwest Research Inst., Cary, NC.
C. C. Vaught. Oct 89,101p EPA/450/3-90/002
Contract EPA-68-02-4379
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Control Technology Center.
The document discusses emissions from wood chip
dryers and the candidate control devices that should
be considered in a best available control technology
analysis. Specifically, the document characterizes
wood chip dryer effluents and presents a general de-
scription, pollutant removal efficiencies, factors affect-
ing performance, and cost for the wet electrostatic pre-
cipitator and the electrified filter bed. The document
also presents information on controlling formaldehyde
emissions from the press vents.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, 'Drying
apparatus. Design criteria. Performance evaluation,
Electrostatic precipitators, Air filters, Formaldehyde,
State government, Particles, 'Best technology, 'Wood
chips, 'Waferboard plants, Olathe(Colorado), Wet
methods. Electrified bed particulate collection device.
Volatile organic compounds.
PB90-131459/HSU	PC A99/MF A04
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
NATICH (National Air Toxics Information Clearing-
house) Data Base Report on State, Local and EPA
(Environmental Protection Agency) Air Toxics Ac-
tivities. Interim rept.
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
Jul 89,745p* EPA/450/3-89/29
Contract EPA-68-D8-0065
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The report disseminates information provided to the
NATICH data base by State and local air agencies and
EPA on their air toxics activities. It both updates and
extends (in new tables) the information in the first six
reports. The report includes a listing of State and local
agencies that have provided information to the clear-
inghouse, air toxics contacts, regulatory program infor-
mation, acceptable ambient concentration guidelines
or standards and the bases of those guidelines/stand-
ards, pollutant research information, methods devel-
opment activities, permitting data, source testing data,
ambient monitoring information, emissions inventory
information, and selected EPA risk assessment infor-
mation. Because of the large volume of data that now
resides in the data base, the document reports only a
subset of permitting and source data.
Keywords: 'State government, 'Local government,
'Information systems, 'Air pollution control,
Tables(Data), Sources, Guidelines, Licenses, Public
health, Chemical compounds, Gas analysis,
Concentration(Composition), 'National Air Toxics In-
formation Clearinghouse, "Toxic substances, "US
EPA, Risk assessment, Air pollution standards, Air pol-
lution sampling, Emission inventories, Pollution regula-
tions, Occupational safety and health.
PB90-131491 /HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Radiation Data: Report 53, Janu-
ary-March 1988. Quarterly rept.
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
Sep 88,45p EPA/S20/5-88/057
See also PB89-135958.
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) contains data
from the Environmental Radiation Ambients Monitor-
ing System (ERAMS). Data from simiiar networksoper-
ated by contributing States, Canada, M0*KO, and the
Pan American Health Organization are reported in the
ERD when available. The ER.^M,S'® ®^aPair s °rtace
tionwide samp ing stations that provide air, surface
and drinking water and milk samples from which envi-
ronmental radiation levels are derived. Sampling loca-
tions are selected to provide optimal population cover-
age while functioning to monitor fallout from nuclear
devices and other forms of radioactive contamination
of the environment.
Keywords: "Precipitation(Meteorology), "Radioactive
contaminants,	"Air	pollution,
Concentration(Composition), Sampling, Sites, Drinking
water, Surface waters.
PB90-131509/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Radiation Data: Report 54, April-
June 1988. Quarterly rept.
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
Dec 88,49p EPA/520/5-88/058
See also PB90-131491.
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) contains data
from the Environmental Radiation Ambients Monitor-
ing System (ERAMS). Data from similar networks oper-
ated by contributing States, Canada, Mexico, and the
Pan American Health Organization are reported in the
ERD when available. The ERAMS is comprised of na-
tionwide sampling stations that provide air, surface
and drinking water and milk samples from which envi-
ronmental radiation levels are derived. Sampling loca-
tions are selected to provide optimal population cover-
age while functioning to monitor fallout from nuclear
devices and other forms of radioactive contamination
of the environment.
Keywords: 'Radiation, 'Radioactive contaminants,
'Air	pollution,	United	States,
Concentration(Composition), Canada, Mexico, Moni-
toring, Fallout, Drinking water.
PB90-131525/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Diffusion in Near-Shore and Riverine Environ-
ments.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
J. Yearsley. Oct 89,39p EPA/910/9-87/168
Steady-state solutions to the diffusion-advection equa-
tion are obtained tor waste discharges under the fol-
lowing conditions: a vertically well-mixed ocean with a
coastline and a steady, uniform current parallel to the
coastline; a vertically well-mixed river with a steady,
uniform current. The method of images is used to
obtain solutions for these environments. It is assumed
that the discharge contains a constituent whose decay
characteristics can be described by a first order reac-
tion. A listing of the FORTRAN 77 source code imple-
menting the solution technique is provided in the
report.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Waste treatment,
'Rivers, "Industrial wastes, "Computerized simulation,
'Diffusers, Ocean currents, Mathematical models,
Coasts, Dilution, Water flow, "Ocean waste disposal,
'Municipal wastes, 'Diffusion modeling.
PB90-132341/HSU	PC A09/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
NAPAP (National Acid Precipitation Assessment
Program) Emissions Inventory (Version 2): Devel-
opment of the National Utility Reference File,
1985. Final rept. Jan-Sep 89.
Pechan (E.H.) and Associates, Inc., Springfield, VA.
J. K. Wagner, S. S. Rothschild, and D. A. Istvan. Nov
89,193p EPA/DF/MT-90/007A0,, EPA/600/7-89/
013A
Contract EPA-68-02-4271
For system on magnetic tape, see PB90-500992. For
system on diskette, see PB90-501008. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.,
and National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program,
Washington, DC.
The report gives results of a project conducted to
create a file containing comprehensive data on all
electric utilities in the U.S. The National Acid Precipita-
tion Assessment Program's (NAPAP's) emissions in-
ventory activities focus on the estimation of emissions
from pollutants that contribute to acid deposition. Elec-
tric utilities, which emit a large share of total acid depo-
sition precursor emissions, are important for modeling
analyses. Data reported by states to the National
Emissions Data System (NEDS) for the 1985 NAPAP
Emissions Inventory and data reported to the U.S. De-
partment of Energy (DOE) on EIA Form 759, EIA Form
767, FERC Form 423, and the Integrated Data Base
System (IDBS) were matched and combined. The re-
sulting 1985 National Utility Reference File (NURF)
contains detailed unit level data for nearly 10,000 elec-
tricity generating plants.
Keywords: "Pollution, "Air pollution, 'Electric power
plants. Inventories, Acidification, Electric utilities,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Assessments, National
Utility Reference File.
PB90-132374/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Formation and Function ol the Male Pronucleus
during Mammalian Fertilization, 1989.
Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD. School of Hy-
giene and Public Health.
. R. Zirkin, S. D. Perreault, and S. J. Naish. C1987,
26p EPA/600/D-89/251
Grant EPA-R-812765
Pub. in the Cell Biology of Fertilization, p91-109 1987.
See also PB88-125414. Sponsored by Health Effects
Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC., and Na-
tional Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
A number of excellent reviews dealing with many criti-
cal aspects of fertilization in mammalian and nonmam-
malian species have been published (Yanagimachi,
1978, 1981, 1982; Shapiro and Eddy, 1980; Longo,
1981a, b, 1985; Gulyas and Schmell, 1981; Wolge-
muth, 1983; Wassarman, 1987). The review will ad-
dress events of fertilization subsequent to the entry of
the sperm nucleus into the oocyte cytoplasm, namely:
the decondensation of the sperm nucleus, the forma-
tion of the male pronucleus, and the onset of DNA syn-
thesis in the pronucleus. The focus will be on mamma-
lian fertilization. However, events related to sperm nu-
clear decondensation and pronucleus formation and
function in nonmammalian species also will be dis-
cussed as appropriate to support or extend what is
known about mammalian fertilization. (Copyright (c)
1989 Academic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Reproduction(Btology), 'Mammals, 'Cell
nucleus. Deoxyribonucleic acids. In vitro analysis, Re-
prints, "Spermatozoa, 'Fertilization, Oocytes, Disul-
fides, Microinjections.
PB90-132382/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Mouse Skin Tumors as Predictors of Human Lung
Cancer for Complex Emissions: An Overview.
1889.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. Nesnow. C1989,17p EPA/600/D-89/244
Proceedings of the Symposium on Dermal Carcino-
genesis Research Directions for Human Relevance,
Book Chapter, p347-3611989.
A broad-range research program was initiated to study
the mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of diesel
engine emissions and other related complex mixture
samples. These studies featured a combined ap-
proach of analytical chemistry, genetic toxicity bioas-
say, and tumor bioassay to fully characterize both the
complex mixtures themselves as well as individual
components which might be responsible for biological
activities. The paper briefly summarizes the approach-
es taken and the results obtained and cites previously
published data. Also presented are some current re-
search efforts aimed at furthering knowledge of these
relationships.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Pulmonaiy neoplasms, 'Ex-
haust emissions, Mice, Humans, Bioassay, Diesel en-
gines, 'Skin neoplasms, Predictive value of tests, Mu-
tagenicity tests, Carcinogenicity tests.
PB90-132390/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Impaired Gamete Function: Implications for R*.
Rreductive Toxicology. Journal article,
ealth Effects Research Lab., Research Trlanale
Park, NC.
S. D. Perreault. c1989,16pEPA/600/D-89/242
Pub. in Toxicology of the Male and Female Reproduc-
tive System, Chapter 11, 1989. See also PBaa
132253.	"
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The invited symposium chapter reviews methods for
evaluating sperm function in laboratory rodents and
humans, and presents strategies for incorporating
both in vivo and in vitro fertilization assessments into
reproductive toxicology studies. The EPA Program Of-
fices may encounter this type of data, especially as it
appears in mechanistic studies, and this chapter pro-
vides information which is helpful in the interpretation
of the data and its application in risk assessment.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Reproduction(Biology), Lab-
oratory animals, Humans, In vivo analysis, Reprints,
'Spermatazoa, 'Gametes, In vitro fertilization, Risk as-
sessment.
PB90-132408/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Biochemical and Morphological Validation of a
Rodent Model of Organophotphorus-lnduced De-
layed Neuropathy. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Neurotoxicology Div.
S. Padilla, and B. Veronesi. c1989,13p EPA/600/D-
89/245
Pub. in Toxicology and Industrial Health: Recent De-
velopments in Pesticide Toxicology and Registration,
v4 n31988. See also PB88-184650.
The paper describes six years of research designed to
validate the use of the rat as a viable alternative to the
hen for screening and mechanistic studies of neuro-
pathic OP compounds. To date results indicate that if
morphological rather than behavioral endpoints are
used, the rat may be a more valid indicator of OPIDN.
The rat must be tested with a wider variety of test OPs
to substantiate further the NTE/pathology relationship.
Over and above the regulatory considerations, it was
shown that a familiar laboratory animal, the rat, can be
successfully used to address the mechanistic ques-
tions of OPIDN and will hopefully be used to unravel
those events occurring between OP exposure and the
onset of pathological damage.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Nervous system disorders,
Enzymes, Esterases, Rats, Exposure, Morphology,
Reprints, 'Organophoaphorua compounds, 'Ataxia.
PB90-132416/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Defining Regions for Evaluating Environmental
Resources.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. M. Omernik, and A. L. Gallant. 1989,19p EPA/600/
D-89/265
Presented at 'international Conference on Global Nat-
ural Resource Monitoring and Assessment', Venice,
Italy, September 24-29, 1989. Prepared in cooperation
with NSI Technology Services Corp., Corvallis, OR.
The need for regional frameworks for making assess-
ments of environmental resources has been recog-
nized for many years. However, attempts to define ef-
fective frameworks have met with only limited success.
In the absence of a suitable available scheme, the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency developed, tested
and applied approaches for defining regional frame-
works to meet both multi- and single-purpose needs.
Ecoregions were mapped to facilitate the assessment
of existing patterns and trends In the extent and quality
of environmental resources (particularly aquatic) and
relationships with natural and human-related factors.
Definition of these regions was based on patterns of
combinations of characteristics including land use,
land surface form, potential natural vegetation, and
soils. Other hierarchical levels of these ecoregions, in-
cluding subregions and aggregations of ecoregions,
are currently being developed for assessing agricultur-
al, forest, wetland, and surface water ecosystems. The
definition of these regions is based on patterns of spe-
cific parameters, such as surface water alkalinity or
total phosphorus in lakes, and apparent spatial asso-
ciations between these patterns, and landscape char-
acteristics including surficlal and bedrock geology.
Keywords: 'Environments, 'Natural resources, "Re-
gional planning, Land use, Vegetation, Soils, Forest
land, Surface waters, Environmental resources, Defin-
ing, Ecoregions, Wetlands.
PBM-132424/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
QI8 (Geographical Information System) Bated
Simulation Approach to Predict System Re-
sponaea to Climatic Change.
NSI Technology Services Corp., Corvallis, OR.
D. Bachelet, and A. Herstrom. c1989,24p EPA/600/
D-89/264
Presented at Landscape Ecological Impact of Climatic
Change Conference, Lunteren, the Netherlands, De-
cember 3-7, 1989. Sponsored by Corvallis Environ-
mental Research Lab., OR.
The objective of the project is to simulate how rice
yield might be affected by stratospheric ozone deple-
tion and the greenhouse effect. A simple ecosystem
model has been developed to simulate carbon and ni-
trogen dynamics in rice paddies in Asia. The model in-
cludes rice plants, weeds, insects, pathogens and ni-
trogen fixers. The paper discusses the process of de-
veloping the model in a spatial context by incorporat-
ing the capabilities of a computerized geographical in-
formation system (GIS). It highlights the difficulties en-
countered in using experimental data to calibrate the
model and regional climatic data as external variables.
The paper also shows how the same approach can be
used to simulate wetland system dynamics and thus
stimulate comparisons between natural and managed
wetland systems.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Climatic changes, Depletion,
Ecology, Mathematical models, Stratosphere, Rice
plants, Insects, Nitrogen fixation, Carbon, Nitrogen,
Greenhouse effect, Ecosystems, Wetlands.
PB90-132432/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Meteorological Influences on Mountain Cloud-
water Chemistry In the Eastern USA.
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Atmospheric
Sciences.
R. J. Vong, B. H. Bailey, M. J. Markus, and V. A.
Mohnen. 1989,6p EPA/600/D-89/263
Presented at 'International Conference on Forest De-
cline Research: State of Knowledge and Perspec-
tives'. Friedrichshafen, Federal Republic of Germany,
October 2-6,1989. Prepared in cooperation with Asso-
ciated Weather Services, Albany, NY., and State Univ.
of New York at Albany. Dept. of Atmospheric Science.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
To relate cloudwater composition with large-scale cir-
culation features, cloud events sampled during the
1986-88 field seasons by the U.S. EPA Mountain
Cloudwater Chemistry Pragram (MCCP) were classi-
fied according to the principal synoptic features re-
sponsible for cloud production. The scheme classifies
cloud events according to a mountain's location rela-
tive to surface weather map features for hours when
cloud was observed at the sites. Goals were to: (1) un-
derstand the extreme variability in cloud water chemis-
try; (2) analyze the effect of the part-time, non-random
sampling protocol (every cloud hour was sampled
during several multiple week sampling intensives but
no events were sampled for other multiple week peri-
ods); and (3) establish meteorological scenarios for
cloud water interception models.
Keywords: 'Clouds(Meteorology), 'Atmospheric com-
position, 'Atmospheric circulation, 'Mountains, Sites,
Meteorological charts, Water chemistry, Variability,
Sampling, Mathematical models, Acidity, Forestry,
Acid rain.
PB90-132440/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Use of Forest Site Index for Evaluating Terrestrial
Resources at Risk from Addle Deposition. Journal
srticlo
Institute of Ecology, Indianapolis, IN.
O. L. Loucks. C19S9,17pEPA/600/D-89/258
Pub. In Direct and Indirect Effects of Acid Deposition
on Vegetation, Chapter 8, vS p97-109 1984. Spon-
sored by Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
The principal goal of the chapter is a discussion of the
applicability of forest growth measurement to the de-
tection of acidic deposition impacts on forest growth.
The chapter has grown out of studies undertaken for
EPA on the quantification of linked land and water
system responses in watersheds following addition of
acidic deposition, with an emphasis on integrative
measures of terrestrial and aquatic effects in the same
watershed.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Growth, 'Forestry, Water-
sheds, Aquatic biology, Forest trees, Height, Diame-
ters, Measurements, Graphs(Charts).
PB90-132457/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Species Composition of Fish Communities in
Northern Wisconsin Lakes: Relation to pH.
National Fisheries Research Center, La Crosse, Wl.
G. R. Hendrey, J. G. Wiener, P. J. Rago, and J. M.
Eilers. 1989,18p EPA/600/D-89/259
Grant EPA-R-809412
Pub. in Early Biotic Responses to Advancing Lake
Acidification, Woburn, MA., Chapter 8, v6 p133-146
1984. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-
Duluth, MN.
Recent investigations of surface water and precipita-
tion chemistry have aroused considerable concern
about the potential effects of acidic precipitation on
aquatic ecosystems in the north-central United States.
The mean weighted pH of precipitation at two monitor-
ing stations in north-central Wisconsin during 1980
was 4.45 and 4.63 (7), or about 10-14 times more
acidic than 'normal' rainfall, which has a theoretical pH
of 5.6 (8). Many watersheds in northern Wisconsin
have acid soils with low buffering capacity (9). Conse-
quently, the water of most lakes in these watersheds is
very soft and slightly acidic. Analyses of 275 northern
Wisconsin lakes by Eilers et al. (10) during 1979 indi-
cated that 36% of the lakes were susceptible and an
additional 50% were potentially susceptible to acidifi-
cation from acid precipitation.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Freshwater fishes, 'Lakes,
'Wisconsin, Precipitation(Meteorology), Losses, Pop-
ulations, Mortality, pH, Rainfall, Watersheds, Water
analysis, Calcite, Saturation, Ecosystems.
PB90-132465/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Acid Rain Clouds Over the Midwest: Impacts on
Waters. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
G. E. Glass. C1989,8p EPA/600/D-89/260
Pub. in Proceedings of the Conference on Acid Rain
Over the Midwest, Science and Solutions, p67-71
1986. Presented at the Conference on Acid Rain:
Clouds over the Midwest-Science and Solutions, Chi-
cago, IL-, March 7,1986.
Water is a valuable and renewable resource but also a
vulnerable resource. The present seasonal and geo-
graphical patterns of emissions and reaction products
from fuel (coal, oil and natural gas) combustion in-
crease from west to east across the Midwest and
produce a gradient of increasing acidity in precipita-
tion, averaging from pH 4.3 in Michigan to pH 5.3 in
Minnesota.
Keywords: 'Water resources, Emissions, Reaction
product transport systems, Precipitation(Meteorology),
'Acid rain, Midwest Region(United States).
PB90-132473/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Per-
spective on AOC (Assimilable Organic Carbon)
Research as Rslated to Collform Colonization and
Compliance Problems.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research Div.
D.	J. Reasoner, and E. W. Rice. c1989,17p EPA/600/
D-89/267
Pub. in Proceedings of the AWWA (American Water
Works Association) Water Quality Technology Confer-
ence, Philadelphia, PA., November 12-15,1989.
The biological stability of treated drinking water has
become a major concern for water utilities. The U.S.
E.P.A.	is concerned from the perspective of coliform
MCL compliance and remediation of coliform biofilm
problems. The levels of readily assimilable nutrients
present in treated water are affected by water treat-
ment processes, but of greatest concern are those
processes, such as ozonation, that cause increases in
the levels of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) and
therefore contribute to biological instability of the
water. Thus, the combined use of ozonation (pre-oxi-
dant) and a lower disinfectant residual as an approach
to reducing disinfectant byproducts may result in in-
creased bacterial growth, including coliforms, in the
distribution system. Information is needed on: the AOC
flux level that stimulate coliform growth in biofilm: the
specific nutrients and concentrations that can stimu-
late growth of both coliforms and HPC; treatment strat-
egies to reduce AOC levels and strategies to effective-
ly control biofilm formation where AOC levels cannot
be reduced.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Water treatment, 'Potable water, 'Coli-
form bacteria, 'Carbon, Water pollution control, Micro-
organisms control(Water), Disinfection, Nutrients, By-
products, 'Biologically stable substances, US EPA,
Compliance, Ozonation.
PB90-132481/HSVJ	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Predicting the Barrier Effectiveness of Fiuoropo-
lymer Film-Based Protective Clothing Materials.
Symposium paper.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
R. Goydan, J. Powell, A. P. Bentz, and C. B. Billing.
C1989,10pEPA/600/D-89/266
Contract EPA-USCG1 AG, EPA-RW6993347
Presented at Scandinavian Symposium on Protecting
Clothing Against Chemicals and Other Health Risks,
Gausdal, Norway, September 26-29,1989. Prepared in
cooperation with Coast Guard Research and Develop-
ment Center, Groton, CT. Sponsored by Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction
Engineering Lab.
Emergency spill response and hazardous waste clean-
up activities often require protective clothing that is an
effective barrier to a wide range of chemicals and
chemical mixtures. Several clothing products are now
available that are based on high barrier films and lami-
nates. Examples are the fluoropolymer film-based
Challenge 5100 and Challenge 5200 totally encapsu-
lating ensembles. In the study, the results of over 300
permeation tests of the Challenge materials were eval-
uated. When permeation occurred, it was shown to
follow a simple Fickian diffusion mechanism. A model
or a rule system that enables the explanation/predic-
tion as to whether permeation will be detected within 3
hours at 25 degrees was developed. The model pre-
dicts permeation based on the structure and size of
chemical of interest. In the case of mixtures, the fol-
lowing characteristic was observed: if a chemical per-
meates the Challenge material as a neat chemical,
then it will permeate from a mixture with its rate de-
pendent on its concentration in the mixture. Converse-
ly, if a chemical does not permeate in the neat form it
will not permeate from a mixture.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Protective clothing,
'Fluorohydrocarbons, "Chemical resistance coatings,
Laminates, Protective coatings, Permeability, Perform-
ance tests, Mathematical models. Diffusion, Acci-
dents, Polymers, 'Cleanup operations, "Occupational
safety and health, 'Chemical spills, Challenge 5100,
Challenge 5200.
PB90-132564/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
identification of SARA (Superfund Amendments
and Reauthorization Act) Compounds in Adipose
Tissue. Final rept. Aug 88-Aug 89.
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
J. D. Onstot, and J. S. Stanley. 31 Aug 89,139p MRI-
8862-A, EPA/560/5-89/003
Contract EPA-68-02-4252
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Toxic Substances.
The National Human Adipose Tissue Survey (NHATS),
administered by EPA/OTS, is an on-going chemical
monitoring network designed to detect levels and pre-
valences of toxic substances in the adipose tissue of
the general U.S. population. Adipose specimens col-
lected in fiscal year 1982 were analyzed as compos-
ites for volatile and semivolatile organic compounds
via HRGC/MS as part of a previous effort. The data
files were then processed to determine the occurrence
of compounds selected from the Superfund Amend-
ments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) Title III Toxic
Chemical Listing, and from the SARA Section 110
CERCLA listing of 100 hazardous substances. A total
of 61 volatile and 120 semivolatile target compounds
were selected for analysis from the listings based on
their predicted suitability to the analytical method. Ap-
plication of target compound analysis (TCA) to 46
composited adipose tissue samples resulted in the
identification of 13 volatile and 19 semivolatile com-
oounds. Frequency of occurrence data was compiled
with respect to three age groups, four census regions
and nine census divisions.
Keywords: Chemical analysis, Tabtes(Data),
Graphs(Charts), Mass spectroscopy, Organic com-
pounds, Monitors, 'Superfund program, 'Hazardous
substances, 'Adipose tissue, Population surveillance.
PB90-132572/HSU	PC A21/MF A03
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
International Symposium on Field Screening
Methods for Hazardous Waste Site Investigations
(1st), Proceedings. Held in Las Vegas, Nevada on
October 11-13,1988.
Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH.
L. R. Williams. 1988,491p EPA/600/D-89/189
Contract EPA-68-03-3511
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The 1st International Symposium on Field Screening
Methods for Hazardous Waste Site Investigation was
held October 11-13, 1988, in Las Vegas, Nevada. Ob-
jectives of the meeting were to discuss available and
developing technology for rapid, low-cost detection
and monitoring of toxicants at hazardous waste sites;
to address new opportunities for government/private
cooperative ventures to develop and commercialize
field monitoring technology, and to inform symposium
delegates ana scientists through open discussions,
technical sessions, exhibits ana peer-reviewed publi-
cations of new approaches to solve site-investigation
problems. The scope of the symposium included port-
able and 'fieldable' instrumentation, test kit technolo-
gy, advanced field sampling methodology and support
technology designed to enhance the cost effective-
ness, speed and data quality of hazardous waste site
investigations. The proceedings document presents
about 90 technical papers presented in the symposi-
um.
Keywords: 'Sites, 'Hazardous wastes, 'Meetings, De-
tection, Monitoring, Toxicity, Government, Businesses,
Methodology, Prototypes, Portable equipment, Test
equipment, Sampling, Cost effectiveness, Spectrom-
eters, Detectors, Cooperative ventures.
PB90-132689/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Radon Fundamentals and the Effectiveness of
Coatings In Reducing Soil Gas Flow Through
Block Basement Wails. Rept. for May 88-Mar 89.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. S. Ruppersberger. 1989,10p EPA/600/D-89/205
Presented at Advances in Coatings Technology,
Cleveland, OH., June 6-7,1989.
The paper gives results of an evaluation of six different
coatings in specially designed chambers built around
1.5 sq m concrete block wall sections. Data were col-
lected over a pressure range of 1-12 Pa with flows
from < 0.01 to 50 standard liters/minute (SLPM). The
six coatings were a water-based catalyzed epoxy
paint, an elastomeric paint, a cementaceous block
filler, a surface bonding cement, a polysulfide vinyl
acrylic paint, and a latex paint. A major preliminaiy
finding is that all six coatings proved to be highly effec-
tive (98-plus %) when enough material is carefully ap-
plied. This large variation in a small sampling of blocks
is significant not only in the potential impact on coating
performance, but also more significantly that specifica-
tion of blocks with low air permeability for new con-
struction substructures could greatly reduce soil gas
entry, even it left uncoated.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Air pollution control, 'Base-
ments, "Protective coatings, Walls, Performance eval-
uation, Radioactive matenals, Paints, Fillers, Cements,
Concrete blocks, "Soil gases, 'Indoor air pollution.
PB90-132697/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Acid Fog Effects on Conifer Seedlings. Symposium
paper.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. P. T urner, D. T. Tingey, and W. E. Hogsett. 1989,8p
EPA/600/D-89/196
Pub. in Air Pollution and Forest Decline: Proceedings
of the International Meeting for Specialists in Air Pollu-
tion Effects on Forest Ecosystems (14th), IUFRO P2-
05, Interlaken, Switzerland, October 2-8, 1988, p125-
129 1989. Prepared in cooperation with Forest Serv-
ice, Washington, DC., and Western Conifers Research
Cooperative, Corvallis, OR.
Experiments were performed to assess the effects of
acid fog on foliar injury, biomass production, and nutri-
ent leaching in selected conifers. One-year old seed-
lings of Pseudotsuga menzieii, Pinus ponderosa,
Tsuga heterophylla and Thuja plicata were exposed
episodically to tog events of variable duration (22
events over a 60 day period for a total of 93 hr). Expo-
sures occurred in open top chambers with fog acidified
to pHs of 2.1, 3.1 or 5.6. Foliar injury was observed
only in T. heterophylla (pH 2.1 and 3.1) and T. plicata
(pH2.1). The low pH log treatments significantly re-
duced root biomass in T. heterophylla and across spe-
cies there was a trend towards a reduced proportion of
total dry weight as roots with decreasing fog pH. Fog
pH did not affect total biomass production or foliar nu-
trient contents. However, plant growth and foliar nutri-
ent levels were higher in plants grown at the higher nu-
trient level.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Fog, 'Forest trees, Injuries,
Vegetation, Softwoods, Biomass, Production, Pine
trees, pH, Exposure, Growth, Nutrients, 'Acid fog. Acid
rain, Pseudotsuga menzieii, Pinus ponderosa, Tsuga
heterophylla.
PB90-132812/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Acurex Corp./Aerotherm, Mountain View, CA.
Partitioning of Metals In Rotary Kiln Incineration.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
G. J. Carroll, R. C. Thurnau, R. E. Mournighan, L. R.
Waterland, and J. W. Lee. cSep 89,12p EPA/60O/D-
89/208
Presented at the International Conference on New
Frontiers in Hazardous Waste Management (3rd),
Pittsburgh, PA., September 10-13, 1989. Sponsored
by Acurex Corp./Aerotherm, Mountain View, CA.
The research project investigated the fate ol trace
metals in rotary kiln incineration with venturi- and
packed tower-scrubber particulate- and acid gas-con-
trol. A test plan was developed, using a factorial exper-
imental design, to study the partitioning of metals
among kiln ash, scrubber water, flue gas particulate,
and flue gas vapor. Synthetic waste formulations in-
cluded the hazardous trace elements arsenic, lead,
cadmium, chromium, and barium, as well as the non-
hazardous trace elements copper, magnesium, bis-
muth and strontium, spiked into a clay absorbent mate-
rial. The independent variables chosen for evaluation
were chlorine content of the feed, kiln temperature,
and afterburner temperature. Cadmium, lead and bis-
muth appeared volatile over the range of kiln tempera-
tures tested, while the other six metals displayed re-
fractory properties. Of the three independent variables
tested, feed chlorine content had the strongest effect
on changes in metal partitioning across the tests; as
chlorine content increased, metal volatilization ap-
peared to increase, while scrubber efficiency tor
metals decreased.
Keywords: 'Incinerators, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Metals, 'Kilns, Trace elements.
After burners, Air pollution control, Experimental
design, Ashes, Flue gases, Particles, Scrubbers, Solid
waste management.
PB90-132903/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Structural Changes during the Decomposition of
Calcium Hydroxide. Rept. for Oct 88-Jul 89.
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC. Environ-
mental Systems Div.
W. Jozewicz, D. A. Klrchgessner, and B. K. Gullett.
C1989,18p EPA/600/D-B9/204
Contract EPA-68-02-3988
Presented at the Annual International Pittsburgh Coal
Conference (6th), Pittsburgh, PA., September 25-29
1989. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses the production of calcium hydrox-
ides with surface areas of 6-74 sq m/g, in an attempt
to develop more reactive sorbents for S02 capture
during furnace injection. It was found that adding alco-
hol to the water of hydration yielded hydroxides with
surface areas up to 40 sq m/g. The sorbents were pro-
duced using 'double hydration' and a mixture of water
and methyl alcohol. When these sorbents were Inject-
ed into the boiler, however, only marginal increases iri
S02 capture were observed. The purpose of the re-
search was to monitor structural changes in these sor-
bents during calcination in order to determine the
reason for their relatively poor performance. For a
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
given calcine and fixed conditions of calcination, the
surface area decreased and median pore size in-
creased with decreasing particle size in the 1.2-7.5 mi-
crometer size range. This suggests that sintering ad-
vances more quickly in fine particles. For sorbents de-
scribed here and using one precursor limestone, a cor-
relation could be found between structural properties
of Ca(OH)2 and nascent CaO. Increased surface area
of Ca(OH)2 led to higher surface area of CaO after cal-
cination at fixed conditions. The theoretical existence
of an optimum combination of surface area and porosi-
ty of CaO was verified.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Calcium hydroxides,
•Decomposition, 'Sulfur dioxide, "Injection, 'Surface
properties, Sorbents, Performance evaluation, Calci-
um oxides, Chemical reactions, Particle sizes, Area,
Calcium carbonates, Porosity.
PB90-132911/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
N20 Emissions from Fossil Fuel Combustion.
Rept. for Jan 87-Dec 88.
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
W. Linak, J. McSorley, R. Hall, J. Ryan, and R.
Srivastava. C1989,21 p EPA/600/D-89/203
Contracts EPA-68-02-4701, EPA-68-02-4285
Sponsored in part by contract DE-AC22-87PC78850.
Prepared in cooperation with Arizona Univ., Tucson.
Dept. of Chemical Engineering. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab., and
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
The paper discusses on-line N20 measurements from
six full-scale, coal-fired utility boilers that indicate
direct N20 emissions of < 5 ppm. Laboratory and
pilot-scale experiments conducted to further charac-
terize direct N20 emissions are consistent with the
field data Indicating on-line N20 concentrations < 5
ppm. Further sub-scale coal experiments using air
staging and natural gas returning for NOx control
show only slight increases in N20 emissions. These
results question the reliability of the existing N20 data
base, much of which Is likely to be affected by a sam-
pling artifact by which N20 can be produced In sample
containers, awaiting analysis, through an as-yet-un-
known mechanism possibly involving No, S02, and
H20. Time resolved measurements of N20, NO, and
S02 from combustion emissions, collected in stainless
steel sample containers, show that N20 concentra-
tions In wet samples can increase to levels greater
than 100 ppm in < 24 hours. These Increases are re-
duced (but not eliminated) in dried samples. All sam-
ples show that NO reacts (possibly forming N20)
within 4 hours. S02 concentrations decrease with time
at rates related to the sample dryness. These results
suggest the need for further research to identify other
direct and indirect sources of N20.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen oxide(N20), 'Fossil fuels, 'Boil-
ers, 'Air pollution control, 'Combustion products,
Concentration(Composition), Experimental design,
Pilot plants, Field tests, Sample preparation, Contain-
ers, Graphs(Charts), Sulfur dioxide, 'Air pollution sam-
pling, Stationary sources.
PB90-132929/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Radon In School*. Rept. for May 88-Sep 89.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Pai*. NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
K W. Leovic. C1909,24p EPA/600/D-89/206
Presented at the Indoor Air Quality Conference, Clear-
water Beach, FL., October 19-20,1989.
The paper discusses radon entry into schools, radon
mitigation approaches for schools, and school charac-
teristics (e.g., HVAC system design and operation) that
influence radon entry and mitigation system design. It
also discusses mitigation systems installed by the U.S.
EPA in four schools. The primary source of radon entry
into a school with significantly elevated radon levels is
nonnally soil gas that is drawn in by pressure differen-
tials between the soil surrounding the substructure and
the building Interior. If the building interior is at a lower
pressure man the soil surrounding the substructure
and radon is present in the soil, the radon can be
pulled in through cracks and other openings that are In
contact with the soil. The amount of radon in a given
classroom depends on the level of radon in the under-
lying material, the ease with which the radon moves as
a component of the soil gas through the soil, the mag-
nitude and direction of the pressure differentials, the
number and size of the radon entry routes, and dilution
and mixing of the room air. HVAC systems in schools
vary considerably and tend to have greater impact on
pressure differentials-and consequently radon ievels-
than do heating and air-conditioning (HAC) systems in
houses.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'School buildings, 'Air pollution
control, Heating, Ventilation, Air conditioning, Design
criteria, Performance evaluation, Pressurizing, 'Indoor
air pollution, 'Soil gases, 'Mitigation, Case studies.
PB90-132945/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Survival and Recovery of Microorganisms from
Environmental Samples.
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Microbiology.
R. Y. Morita. C1989,39p EPA/600/D-89/199
Grant EPA-R-913413
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
It is nearly impossible to duplicate the various ecosys-
tems into which GEMs may be placed, mainly because
of the various environmental factors, their fluxes and
changes. It is quite impossible, also to specify any mi-
crobe in precise terms of its growth, structure, function,
survivability, or fate without specifying the environmen-
tal conditions (and its history) prevailing at the time
when the system was tested. If field testing cannot be
performed, then systems that duplicates nature as
much as possible should be employed. This also in-
cludes the physiological state of the donor and recipi-
ents of recombinant DNA. Whatever system is em-
ployed, stabilization of the system should occur before
the system receives any test sample. The main logical
and practical way to test introduced GEMs into any
ecosystem is to field test the parent strain of the GEMs
that has been genetically altered with an innocuous
gene(s) so that it provides a means by which it can be
recovered from the ecosystem.
Keywords: 'Microorganisms, 'Environmental impacts,
Survival, Deoxyribonucleic acids, Recovery, Soil analy-
sis, Water analysis, Reprints, 'Genetic engineering,
Amino acid sequence, Ecosystems, Recombinant
DNA.
PB90-132960/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Critique of Carbon Based Tree Growth Models.
Symposium paper.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
S. L. Bassow, E. D. Ford, and R. Kiester. c1989,21 p
EPA/600/D-89/198
Pub. in Symposium on Forest Growth: Process Model-
ing of Response to Environmental Stress, 1988. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Washington Univ., Seattle.
Center for Quantitative Science.
Simulation models of the processes that control carbo-
hydrate balance in coniferous trees are reviewed, and
their appropriateness for assessing pollution effects is
considered Currently such models are at the forefront
of attempts to simulate the growth process of trees,
but they are not able to predict growth of forest trees
accurately under varied environmental conditions such
as an increased pollution load. Typically model struc-
tures for growth based on carbon balance incorporate
such features as constant allocation coefficients or a
regulation of foliage amount around a theoretical maxi-
mum at canopy closure. It is these features that render
such models unable to predict the effects of pollution
because the processes of compensation in relation to
pollution load are obscured. The study presents a
model, CARBON, that prioritizes allocation between
meristems according to functional requirements, but
this is still insufficient to predict the effects of pollution.
The study discusses the problem and that of using a
maximum foliage amount as a control parameter in
canopy development, and propose suggestions for an
improved modeling framework for tree growth models.
This should include the expression of translocation
storage and utilization of carbohydrates In a spatially
well defined system.
Keywords: 'Carbon, 'Forest trees, 'Plant growth
Softwoods, Predictions, Computerized simulation!
Vegetation, Photosynthesis, Carbohydrates, Reprints,
'Air pollution effects(Plants).
PB90-132978/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
U.S. Forests and Atmospheric Deposition. Sympo-
sium paper.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. K. Winjum. c3 Nov 88,9p EPA/600/D-89/197
Pub. in Symposium on Air Pollution Effects on Vegeta-
tion (2nd) US/USSR, Corvallis, OR., September 13-14,
1988.
Forests in the United States occupy 33 percent of the
nation's land area and exist on some lands in all fifty
states. They cover approximately 299 million hectares
and are rich in essential resources. Overall, U.S. for-
ests are highly productive. However, in recent dec-
ades, several cases of forest decline on a regional
scale have occurred which are not easily explained by
normal natural causes. Atmospheric deposition of air
pollutants is suspected to play a casual role in many of
these cases. The evidence, however, is largely circum-
stantial in that forest areas with decline symptoms are
frequently located where the deposition of pollutants is
high. Proof of cause and effect has been illusive.
Ozone at concentrations elevated by human activities
has been proven to cause declines in some area, but
many other wide-spread declines remain unresolved.
Keywords: "Forest land, 'Forestry, 'Air pollution,
United States, Losses, Atmospheric circulation,
Ozone, Acidification, Concentration(Composition),
Softwoods, Pine trees, Fir trees, Damage, Sulfur diox-
ide, Nitrogen oxides, Organic compounds. Vaporizing,
Ownership.
PB90-133067/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
EPA'# (Environmental Protection Agency'*) Re-
search and Development Program for Waste Mini-
mization.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
J. S. Bridges. 1989,16p EPA/600/D-89/207
See also PB89-181234. Presented at the Annual Vir-
ginia Waste Management Conference (7th), Rich-
mond, VA., April 26,1989.
The paper was presented at the 7th Annual Virginia
Waste Management Conference in Richmond, Virginia
on April 26,1989. The purpose of the presentation and
paper was to discuss the results of two cooperative
agreements describing a non-traditional approach to
pollution prevention based on research, technology
transfer, and education; and to discuss current pojlu-
tion prevention research progress of EPA's pollution
prevention research program. The cooperative agree-
ment with federal, state and trade association pollution
prevention research approach emphasizes a non-reg-
ulatory means of encouraging industry to use innova-
tive technologies and management practices that can
both reduce pollution and provide economic benefits.
Keywords: 'Solid wastes, 'Liquid waste, 'Pollution,
Hazardous materials, State government, Local govern-
ment, National government, Technology transfer, Edu-
cation, 'Waste management.
PB90-133372/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Toxic Substance* Control Act (TSCA): Report to
Congress for Fiscal Years 1987 and 1948. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Oct 89,91 p EPA/560/1 -89/001
See also PB83-262626.
When Congress enacted the Toxic Substances Con-
trol Act (TSCA) in 1976, it gave the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency (EPA) the authority to identify and con-
trol chemical hazards to human health and the envi-
ronment. The tenth report to Congress fulfills the re-
porting requirements for information about the admin-
istration of the Act found in TSCA sections 30,9(d) and
28(c) for Fiscal Years 1987 and 1988. An overview of
other major actions under TSCA is found in Appendi-
ces A and B of the report. TSCA Title I gives EPA the
authority to gather certain basic information on chemi-
cal risks from chemical manufacturers and processors,
and to require companies to test selected existing
chemical substances and mixtures (chemicals) for
toxic effects.
Keywords: 'Safety, 'Hazardous materials, 'Govern-
ment policies, Control, Risk, National government, Re-
quirements, Public health, Regulations, Volume. Im-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ports, Law enforcement, "Chemicals, "Toxic sub-
stances.
PB90-134156/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Morphology and Mlcrochemistry of Solidified/Sta-
bilized Hazardous Waste Systems. Final rept. May
85-May 87.
Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge.
F. K. Cartledge, H. C. Eaton, and M. Tittlebaum. Nov
89,104p EPA/600/2-89/056
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The study was undertaken to decipher the mecha-
nisms of solidification/stabilization (S/S) of water solu-
ble organics, namely, phenol and ethylene glycol. Port-
land cement Type I was the binder used in ratios that
varied from 2% to 50% organics/waste mixture. The
S/S product was studied at various intervals using op-
tical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray
power diffraction, energy dispersive elemental analy-
sis, transmission electron microscopy and several
physical tests. The organics are not effectively immo-
bilized toward water leaching. Effects on the matrix are
very concentration dependent and are much more dra-
matic with ethylene glycol than with phenols. Although
there is evidence of chemical reaction between the
phenols and the fixing agents, the reaction does not
result in chemical fixation of the organic.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Solidification, "Sta-
bilization, "Phenols, "Ethylene glycol, "Waste dispos-
al, Chemical reactions, Portland cements, Physical
tests, Performance evaluation, Chromatographic anal-
ysis, Extraction, Chemical analysis, Morphology,
Leaching, Spectroscopic analysis, Microscopy,
Sample preparation, Environmental transport.
PB90-134164/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Demonstration of Autonomous Air Monitoring
Through Robotics.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
R. Rancatore. Nov 89, 55p EPA/600/2-89/500
Contract EPA-68-03-2393
Prepared in cooperation with Advanced Resource De-
velopment Corp., Columbia, MD. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Re-
duction Engineering Lab,
The project included modifying an existing teleoperat-
ed robot to include autonomous navigation, large
object avoidance, and air monitoring and cfemonstrat-
ing that prototype robot system in indoor and outdoor
environments. The robot was also modified to carry a
HNU PI-101 Photoionization Detector air monitoring
device. A sonar range finder, which already was an in-
tegral part of the 'Surveyor,' was repositioned to the
front of the robot chassis to detect large obstacles in
the path of the robot. In addition, the software of the
onboard computer was also extensively modified to
provide: navigation control, dynamic steering to
smoothly follow the wire-course without hesitation, ob-
stacle avoidance, autonomous shut down and remote
reporting of toxic substance detection.
Keywords: "Robots, Air quality, Navigation, Automatic
control, Demonstrations, Computer aided control sys-
tems, Tests, "Air monitoring.
PB90-134172/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Follow-llp Alpha-Track Monitoring In 40 Eastern
Pennsylvania Houses with Indoor Radon Reduc-
tion Systems. (Winter 1988-89). Final rept. Dec 88-
Jun 89.	__
American ATCON, Inc., Wilmington, DE.
A. G. Scott, and A. Rotwrtson. Oct 89,27p EPA/600/
8-89/083	„	_
Soonsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineenng
Research Lab.
The report gives results of 4-month-long alpha-track
detector (ATD) measurements of	J°?~
centrations, completed during the win^°'t
38 of 40 houses where radon reduction techniques
had been installed 2-4 years
er EPA project. The techniques, installed between
June 1985 and June 1987, generally involved some
form of active soil ventilation: three were air-to-air heat
exchangers, and two involved carbon filters to remove
radon from well water. The purpose of these measure-
ments was to determine if the radon reduction per-
formance of the systems had degraded compared to
previous wintertime radon measurements. Compari-
son of the current ATD results with those from 1986-87
and 1987-88 indicates that, in the 34 houses where the
system was in continuous operation during this meas-
urement period, the radon levels generally compared
well with those measured during the previous years. In
only two houses did significant, unexplainable in-
creases occur. Two soil ventilation fans failed during
the previous year: 5 out of 34 fans have failed to date.
One air-to-air heat exchanger has needed repair. The
one water treatment unit designed specifically for
radon removal is giving 97% removal, whereas the
other has degraded to 65%.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Continuous sam-
pling, "Houses, "Water pollution control, Performance
evaluation, Ventilation, Heat exchangers, Water wells,
Charcoal, Water filters, "Air pollution monitoring,
"Indoor air pollution, "Water pollution sampling. Soil
gases, Eastern Region(Pennsylvania).
PB90-134180/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Review of Plant Uptake of 2,3,7,8-TCDD from Soil
and Potential Influences of Bioavailability. Journal
article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
G. Kew, J. L. Schaum, P. White, and T. T. Evans. cAug
89,8p EPA/600/D-89/270, OHEA-E-266
Presented at 'Dioxin 1987', International Symposium
on Chlorinated Dioxins and Related Compounds (7th),
Las Vegas, NV., October 4-9,1987.
Volatilization of 2,3,7,8-TCDD from soil and resorption
on foliage represents a significant route of contamina-
tion. Some studies indicate low-level uptake, translo-
cation from roots to foliage and transpiration from foli-
age, while one shows more than 95% of 2,3,7,8-TCDD
associated with edible fruits and with tubers is found in
peels. Differences in bioavailability from different soils
might account for some inconsistencies between ex-
isting studies, suggesting additional information useful
in reporting future work.
Keywords: "Plants(Botany), Reprints, "Biological avail-
ability, "Tetrachlorodibenzodoxin, Pharmacokinetics,
Soil pollutants, Uptake.
PB90-134198/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Process Modeling of Tree and Forest Growth:
Current Perspectives and Future Needs. Symposi-
um paper.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A. R. Kiester. 1989,18p EPA/600/D-89/212
Pub. in Forest Growth: Process Modeling of Response
to Environmental Stress, 1989.
The volume demonstrates that the modeling of tree
and forest growth based on physiological processes is
emerging as an important discipline in forestry re-
search. Some possible directions for future research
include the development of overall carbon budgets
with maintenance and growth respiration considered
separately, the development of a comparative (across
species) approach in modeling, and the further analy-
sis of the relationship between the processes of
growth and those of mortality and reproduction. A
long-term goal of the modeling effort should be to
reduce the number of assumptions used in the models
and increase the number of calculated or predicted re-
sults.
Keywords: "Growth, "Forest trees, Mathematical
models, Plant physiology, Comparison, Mortality,
Reproduction(Biology), Yield.
PB90-13420S/HSU	PC A03/MF AOt
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Current and Potential Threats to Biodiversity in
Forest* of the Lower Pacific Coast States. Sympo-
sium paper.
NSI Technology Services Corp., Corvallis, OR.
S. Henderson, R. K. Olson, and R. F. Noss. 1989,18p
EPA/600/D-89/213
Contract EPA-68-C8-0006
Pub. in Proceedings of Symposium on the Effects of
Air Pollution on Western Forests (82nd), Annual Meet-
ing, 1989. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
Biodiversity in forests of the Pacific Coast States faces
immediate threats from non-sustainable land use prac-
tices, and potential threats from climate change and
other alterations of the global ecosystem. Deteriora-
tion of biodiversity in these forests can be minimized
through a combination of near-term mitigation and
management activities, and long-term changes in envi-
ronmental policy. Implementation of a successful pro-
gram will require the full participation of private individ-
uals and groups, industry, state agencies, and federal
agencies.
Keywords: "Losses, "Forestry, Land use, Deteriora-
tion, Government policies. Management, Citizen par-
ticipation, State government, Industries, National gov-
ernment, Watersheds, Soil fertility, Genetics, Pacific
Coast States, Ecosystems.
PB90-134214/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Regional Growth Trends of Three Western Coni-
fers as Related to Ozone. Symposium paper.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
G. A. Reams, and R. K. Olson. 1989,13p EPA/600/D-
89/214
Proceedings of the Air and Waste Management Asso-
ciation Annual Meeting, 1989. Prepared in cooperation
with Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.
Significant portions of California mixed conifer forests
are exposed to and influenced by the large extent of
foliar injury. Foliar ozone injury to Jeffrey and pondero-
sa pine is apparent as far north as Tahoe National
Forest and as far south as the San Bernardino moun-
tains east of Los Angeles. Spatial patterns of ozone
foliar injury appear to be correlated with spatial pat-
terns of ozone concentration. Decreased ozone injury
in the San Bernardinos over the last decade corre-
sponds with decline ozone concentrations over the
same time period. Visible injury is not a consistent indi-
cator of changes in growth rate.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Softwoods, "Forest trees,
"Growth, "Air pollution, Pine trees, Injuries, San Ber-
nardino Mountains, Concentration(Composition),
Area, Graphs(Charts), California.
PB90-134222/HSU	PC A03/MF AOI
Hazardous Waste Site Characterization Utilizing in
situ and Laboratory Bloassessment Method*.
Symposium paper.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
L. Kapustka, andG. Linder. 1989,21p EPA/600/D-89/
215
Presented at the Midwest Pollution Control Biologists
Instream Biological Monitoring and Criteria Workshop,
February 14-17, 1989. Prepared in cooperation with
NSI Technology Services Corp., Corvallis, OR.
Determination of adverse ecological effects at a haz-
ardous waste site requires definition of the questions
to be assessed plus selection of appropriate measure-
ment tools. Field observations conducted during the
initial scoping activities play an important role in defin-
ing the ecological concerns to be addressed; the
measurement tool box ideally consists of an array of
direct field measurements (biological, chemical and
physical), in situ bioassays, laboratory bioassays, addi-
tional analytical measures of site samples as welt as
statistical and risk assessment modeling. The paper
discusses the assembly of the tool box and the selec-
tion of tools.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Site surveys, "Bio-
assay, Ecology, Field tests, Experimental design, Sta-
tistical analysis, Mathematical models, Public health
Toxicity, "Biological effects, Risk assessment, Occu!
pational safety and health. Biological indicators.
PB90-134230/HSU	PC A03/MF AOI
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Regional Characterization of Air Quality and Dep-
osition In the Coniferous Forests of the Western
United States. Symposium paper.
NSI Technology Services Corp., Corvallis, OR.
M. Boehm. 1989,34p EPA/600/D-89/216
Pub. in Proceedings of the APCA (Air Pollution Control
Association) Annual Meeting, Anaheim, CA., June
1989. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental R«_
search Lab., OR.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Regional patterns in air quality across the coniferous
forests of the West are investigated using public data
bases (NADP/NTN and AIRS). The results indicate
that regional air pollution levels are low but that local
airsheds can be highly polluted. Sulfur dioxide levels
are generally less than 30 ppb, with maximum concen-
trations during the winter. High concentrations of sulfur
dioxide have Deen measured in forests close to point
sources. Ozone concentrations are usually less than
80 ppb, but often exceed the Federal Standard in
areas downwind of large urban and industrial centers
during summer months. Acid deposition levels are 15-
20% of those in the east, but cloudwater chemistry is
more comparable, especially in southern California.
Keywords: 'Forestry, "Air pollution, Sulfur dioxide,
Concentration(Composition), Ozone, Standards,
Urban areas, Industries, Summer, Atmospheric com-
position, Clouds(Meteorology), Mountains, California,
Utah, Arizona, Washington(State), Point sources, Acid
deposition.
PBM-134248/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Cloud Chemistry and Occurrence In the Western
United States: A Synopsis of Current Information.
Symposium paper.
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of General Sci-
ence.
P. S. Mulr, and M. Boehm. 1989,34p EPA/600/D-89/
217
Pub. In Proceedings of the APCA (Air Pollution Control
Association) Annual Meeting, Anaheim, CA., June
1989. Prepared in cooperation with NSI Technology
Services Corp., Corvallis, OR. Sponsored by Corvallis
Environmental Research Lab., OR.
The authors summarize published data on the inorgan-
ic chemistry and occurrence of clouds and fogs in the
western U.S. Cloudwater chemistry differs among re-
gions (southern CA to coastal AK). Most variability in
the data can be attributed to differences in total dis-
solved Ionic concentrations among sites. Ionic con-
centrations generally decrease from urban/industrial
sites in southern CA toward forested sites in more
remote, northern areas. Differences in cloudwater
chemistry among sites generally appear greater than
differences among events at a given site. Samples
from southern CA are generally more acidic than those
from the more northern sites (mean minimum pHs =
2.52 and 4.46, resp.). Most cloud interception is antici-
pated along the Pacific coast in the Coast Range of
northern CA, OR, and WA and along the western
slopes of the Cascades. The available data on cloud-
water chemistry indicate that these regions experience
clouds of relatively low ionic concentrations, however
the limited data should be supplemented to substanti-
ate this result.
Keywords:	'Atmospheric	composition,
'Clouds(Meteorology), "Fog, Chemical analysis, Ions,
Concentration(Composition), Urban areas, Industries,
Sites, Acidity, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, pH,
Coasts, Pacific Ocean, Western Region(United
States).
PBQ0-134285/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Scope and Assessment of Aqustlc Effects Due to
Acidic Deposition. Symposium paper (Draft).
FTN Associates, Little Rock, AR.
K. W. Thornton, and D. K. McKenzie. 1989,19p EPA/
600/D-89/218
Pub. in Air and Waste Management Association: Pro-
ceedings of the Annual Meeting, Anaheim, CA, June
25-30, 1989. Prepared In cooperation with NSI Tech-
nology Services Corp., Corvallis, OR. Sponsored by
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
1990 NAPAP Integrated Assessment (IA) will address
the current status of surface waters in regions poten-
tially susceptible to acidic deposition, evaluate histori-
cal changes that might have occurred In these aquatic
systems and forecast future changes that might occur
in these systems under current ana alternative deposi-
tion scenarios. Mathematical models will be used to
project future changes surface water chemistry and
fisheries responses under current and alternative
levels of acidic deposition. The mathematical models
include steady-state; empirical time-varying models
and dynamic watershed models. Output from the
chemistry models will be linked with empirical fisheries
models to forecast potential changes in fish responses
in these systems.
Keywords: 'Acidification, "Surface waters, 'Water pol-
lution, Aquatic biology, Mathematical models, Fisher-
ies, Steady state, Responses, Water chemistry, Acidi-
ty, Water pollution effects(Aquatic animals), Water pol-
lution effects(Aquatic plants).
PB90-134263/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Future Challenges for Air Pollution and Forest
Ecosystem Research In the West. Symposium
paper.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.. OR.
A. R. Kiester. 1989,11 p EPA/600/D-89/219
Pub. in Proceedings Effect of Air Pollution on Western
Forests, APCA (Air Pollution Control Association)
Annual Meeting, Anaheim, CA., Jun 89. Prepared in
cooperation with NSI Technology Services Corp., Cor-
vallis, OR.
The air quality and biological diversity of the western
United States pose special problems for future re-
search. For those who desire generality this diversity
provides a challenge to find general patterns that
cover the West. For those, such as regulators, who
need information on particular sites, the West provides
an overwhelming number of potential special cases.
Thus the West also exemplifies the problem of the re-
lationship between two kinds of scientific activity: the
search for generality and the determination of particu-
lars. Here the author proposes that future studies
should include many more comparative analyses to
address this problem. In this view the diversity of the
West becomes a major scientific resource.
Keywords: "Forestry, "Air pollution, Ecology, Biologi-
cal diversity, Topography, Sites, Comparison, Statisti-
cal analysis, Ecosystems.
PB90-134271/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Toxicity Evaluations for Hazardous Waste Sites:
An Ecological Assessment Perspective. Symposi-
um paper.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
G. Linder, J. C. Greene, L. Kapustka, C. L. Bartels, and
M. Bollman. 1989,21 p EPA/600/D-89/220
Pub. in Proceedings of the Annual Waste Testing and
Quality Assurance Symposium (5th), Washington, DC.
July 24-28, 1989. Prepared in cooperation with NSI
Technology Services Corp., Corvallis, OR.
Ecological assessments for hazardous waste sites
should include acute toxicity tests as well as short-
term tests which measure biological endpoints other
than death. Toxicity and field assessment methods
may be assembled into 'tool boxes' which reflect not
only the site-specific demands made by the ecological
assessment process, but the continuing progress in
methods development. Toxicity assessment tools may
yield information regarding acute biological responses
elicited by site-samples as well as suggest longer-term
biological effects potentially associated with subacute
and chronic exposures to complex chemical mixtures
characteristic of hazardous waste sites. Toxicity tests,
however, are but one component of an ecological as-
sessment for a hazardous waste site; field compo-
nents must be given equal regard during the early
phases of site evaluation. Through kriging, for exam-
ple, areal distributions for site-specific toxicity and
chemistry data sets may be derived, then 'maps' of
site-sample toxicity and chemistries overlaid.
Keywords: "Ecology, "Toxicity, "Hazardous materials,
Sites, Tests, Biology, Plant ecology, Animal ecology,
Assessments, Exposure, Mixtures, Maps, Evaluation,
Chemicals.
PB90-134289/HSU	PC A03/MF AOf
Effect of Chemicals on Soli Nitrifying Populations
Using a Continuous-Flow Culture Technique. Sym-
posium paper.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
C. W. Hendricks, and A. N. Rhodes. 1989,14p EPA/
600/D-89/221
Presented at Waste Testing and Quality Assurance
Symposium, Washington, DC., July 24-28,1989.
The study examines the effects of Roundup (N-
(phosphonomethyl)giycine) and N-Serve(2-chloro-6-
(trichloromethyl)pyridine) on nitrifying organisms in
static batch, perfusion soil columns, and a new contin-
uous-flow soil column system. The continuous-flow
method is new to nitrification studies and was shown to
produce greater nitrifier activity than either static batch
or perfusion techniques. Both products were shown to
significantly inhibit nitrification in treated soils over un-
treated controls. N-Serve completely inhibited nitrifica-
tion at concentrations less than 42 ug nitrapyrin/g dry
soil, and Roundup significantly reduced nitrification at
6.8 and 68 mg glypnosate/g diy soil. Heterotrophic
bacterial populations increased significantly in continu-
ous-flow columns treated with 42 mg nitrapyrin and 68
mg glyphosate/g dry soil.
Keywords: "Soil microbiology, "Nitrification, "Nitrogen
fixing bacteria, Organic compounds, Herbicides,
Concentration(Composition), Toxicity, Metabolism, Ni-
trosomonas, Cells(Biology), Roundup, Glyphosate.
PB90-134297/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Laboratory-Corvallis.
Draft rept.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
R. T. Lackey. 21 Apr 89,13p EPA/60O/D-89/222
Pub. in Laboratories in the United States, 1989.
Laboratory research programs address several broad
areas, including the ecological effects of airborne pol-
lutants, such as ozone, acid rain, and air toxics: the ef-
fects of toxic chemicals on plants, animals, and eco-
systems: the assessment and restoration of contami-
nated or degraded environments; the characterization
and assessment of the vulnerability of ecological sys-
tems, such as wetlands, to human impacts: the use of
aquatic ecoreaions to develop biological criteria for as-
sessing aquatic ecosystems; the ecological risks from
the terrestrial release of bioengineered organisms and
other biological control agents; and the ecological ef-
fects of global climate change, stratospheric ozone
depletion, and loss of biological diversity.
Keywords: "Laboratories, "Research projects, "Ecolo-
gy, "Climatic changes, "Ozone, Toxicity,
Plants(Botany), Humans, Environmental impacts, Risk,
Aquatic biology, Acid rain, Ecosystems.
PB90-134305/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Short-Term Amphibian Toxicity Tests and Para-
quat Toxicity Assessment Symposium paper.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
G. Linder, J. Barbitta, and T. Kwaiser. 1989,30p EPA/
600/D-89/223
Pub. in Proceedings of ASTM (American Society for
Testing and Materials) Aquatic Toxicology and Risk
Assessment Symposium (13th), Atlanta, GA., April
1989. Prepared In cooperation with NSI Technology
Services Corp., Corvallis, OR., and Detroit Univ., Ml.
Changes in agricultural practice may alter agrichemicai
effects on nontarget wildlife. Because of routine prac-
tice in various forms of conservation tillage, paraquat
(1,1 '-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride)has increas-
ingly been used for weed control in agricultural fields
and in supporting management practices. Though
highly adsorbed by soil and foliage, paraquat may gain
increased notice as an agrichemicai potentially im-
pacting wetlands which surround much of the farmland
across the country; consequently, amphibian toxicity
evaluations may be incorporated into wildlife hazard
assessments conducted for chemicals finding in-
creased use in conservation tillage. Using amphibians
representative of two anuran families, early life stage
toxicity tests (96 hr modified FETAX) were performed.
Acute and subacute exposures were completed, and
toxicity endpoints (mortality and teratogenicity) were
evaluated for exposure to technical-grade and formu-
lation-grade paraquat. These preliminary toxicity as-
sessments suggested that acute and subacute end-
points for each form of paraquat may be significantly
different, since the commercial formulation was three
times as acutely toxic as the technical-grade chemical.
Furthermore, it appeared that species and familial dif-
ferences must be regarded with increased caution until
a comparative toxicity data base is developed for am-
phibians.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Anura, 'Amphibia, Exposure,
Tables(Data), 'Paraquat, Teratogen.
PB90-134313/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Acid-Base Status of Pennsylvania Streams: Re-
sult* from the National Stream Survey. Symposium
paper.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
K. N. Eshelman, P. R. Kaufmann, and A. T. Herlihy.
1989,11pEPA/600/D-89/224
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Proceedings of Acid Deposition Symposium, State
College, PA., September 12, 1989. Prepared in coop-
eration with Virginia Univ., Charlottesville.
The National Stream Survey (NSS) conducted by the
Environmental Protection Agency in the spring of 1986
sampled 82 stream reaches within the state of Penn-
sylvania, representing a target population of 9900
stream reaches that are potentially sensitive to acidifi-
cation. After excluding streams acidified by acid mine
drainage, an estimated 9% of the reaches were chron-
ically acidic during spring baseflow at the upstream
end while less than 1 % of the stream reaches were
acidic at their downstream end. Comparable percent-
ages of streams with an acid neutralizing capacity
(ANC) between 0 and 50 (mu)eq/L were also identi-
fied, with the majority of these streams found in the Ap-
palachian Plateau. Almost all of the chronically acidic
streams in the state are small (<20km(2)), upland
headwater streams draining watersheds that are more
than 95% forested. Population estimates of the per-
centages of streams with an ANC less than 200
(mu)eq/L agree favorably with estimates by the Penn-
sylvania Fish Commission for managed and unman-
aged stream sections in the state.
Keywords: 'Acidification, "Streams, "Water pollution,
•Pennsylvania, Mine waters, Stream flow, Acidity,
Neutralizing, Watersheds, Forest land, Populations,
Mine acid drainage.
PB90-134321/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Influence of Climate Change on Forest Growth
Response to Nutrient Amendments. Symposium
paper.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
C. E. Peterson, and L. S. Heath. 1989,30p EPA/600/
D-89/225
Proceedings of IUFRO (International Union of Forestry
Research Organizations) Symposium, Management of
Nutrition in Forests Under Stress, Freiburg, West Ger-
many, September 18-21, 1989. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Forest Service, Portland, OR. Pacific North-
west Research Station, and Washington Univ., Seattle.
The paper examines the influence of precipitation and
temperature deviations on regional volume growth
rates in even-aged, second-growth Douglas-fir (Pseu-
dotsuga menziesii), some of which received N fertilizer
treatments. Between 1969 and 1986, average volume
gr°N*h rates in natural stands of Douglas-fir in West-
ern Washington and Oregon were significantly en-
hanced by cool wet summers and mild winters. Results
support the hypothesis that mild winters contribute to
high productivity of conifers in the Pacific Northwest.
Over the same period, there was no clear influence of
precipitation and temperature deviations on growth re-
sponse to N fertilizer.
Keywords: "Growth, "Climatic changes, "Forestry, Fir
trees, Precipitation(Meteorology), Temperature,
Volume, Rainfall, Nitrogen, Fertilizers, Pseudotsuga
menziesii, Douglas fir trees.
PB90-134339/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research Div.
Site Selection Procedures for Temporally Inte-
grated Monitoring of Ecosystems (Time). Symposi-
um paper.
National Research Council, Washington, DC.
T. C. Young, and J. Ford. Sep 89.23p EPA/600/D-89/
226
Proceedings of International Symposium on Water
Quality Information Systems Design, Fort Collins, CO.,
Jun 89. Prepared in cooperation with National Council
for Air and Stream Improvement, Corvallis, OR, Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati,
OH. Drinking Water Research Div.
A long-term program to monitor aquatic ecosystems
requires a long-term commitment of significant re-
sources. To maximize the effectiveness of such a pro-
gram, monitoring sites must be carefully selected, ad-
dressing a complex array of relevant concerns in the
process. Monitoring sites for the TIME Project (Tempo-
rally Integrated Monitoring of Ecosystems), scheduled
to begin in 1991, will be selected for chemical and bio-
logical sampling in order to meet several distinct objec-
tives including (1) establishing an 'early warning net-
work to detect changes in aquatic resource acidifica-
tion or recovery, (2) providing periodic regional assess-
ments of surface water acidification status, (3) provid-
ing data for validation of watershed models, and (4) re-
1452 Vol. 90, NO. 24
lating surface water responses to atmospheric deposi-
tion. The paper focuses on a method for selecting sites
to meet the first objective for lakes. The approach in-
volves a cluster analysis to stratify the NSWS sample
and ordination to identify lakes that are likely to re-
spond to changes in acid inputs.
Keywords: "Acidification, "Ecology, "Lakes, "Water
pollution, Monitoring, Sites, Atmospheric composition,
Watersheds, Periodic variations, Surface waters.
PB90-134347/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Increasing the Accuracy of Computer Calculated
Log P (Oct/Water) Values. Journal article.
Pomona Coll., Claremont, CA.
A. J. Leo. C1989, 9p EPA/600/D-89/227
Grants EPA-R-809295, EPA-R-811927
Pub. in Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships in
Drug Design, p53-581989. Sponsored by Environmen-
tal Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Like many 'expert systems,' the CLOGP program in-
corporates a set of empirically derived rules which are
supported by accepted theoretical concepts but which
cannot be derived directly from these concepts. Higher
log P values are expected whenever a larger effective
solute cavity is required, and lower values are seen
when solutes contain localized dipoles or hydrogen
bond acceptors. For simple solutes whose polar frag-
ments are effectively isolated, the fragment values
contain these elements, and simple addition of frag-
ment values gives satisfactory estimations. However,
in most structures showing interesting biological activi-
ty, polar fragments are not in 'isolation,' but are affect-
ed either by electron derealization, by field/inductive
forces or by intramolecular hydrogen bonding. As the
Mastertile of measured log P values has been expand-
ed through the years, it is clear that the current CLOGP
algorithm (v.3.5) needs improvement, and the paper
will attempt to demonstrate that most (if not all) of
these improvements can be made within the present
framework of the program. (Copyright (c) 1989. Alan R.
Liss. Inc.)
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, "Computer calcula-
tions, Algorithms, Computer programs, Biology, Frag-
ments, Log P values.
PB90-134354/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Narragansett, Newport,
OR. Mark O. Hatfield Marine Science Center.
Persistence of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Contami-
nation in a California Marine Ecosystem. Journal
article.
Southern California Coastal Water Research Project
Authority, Long Beach.
D. R. Young, R. W. Gossett, and T. C. Heesen. c1989,
12p EPA/600/D-89/228 ,, ERLN-P11
Grants EPA-R-803707, NA80RAD00040
Pub. in Ocean Processes in Marine Pollution, Volume
5. Urban Wastes in Coastal Marine Environments,
Chapter 3, p33-41. Prepared in cooperation with Los
Angeles County Sanitation District, CA, Sponsored by
Environmental Research Lab.-Narragansett, Newport,
OR. Mark O. Hatfield Marine Science Center, and Na-
tional Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Rock-
ville, MD. Ocean Assessments Div.
Despite major reductions in the dominant DDT and
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) input off Los Angeles
(California, U.S.A.) in the early 1970s, the levels of
these pollutants decreased only slightly from 1972 to
1975 both in surficial bottom sediments and in a flat-
fish bioindicator (Dover sole. Microstomus pacificus)
collected near the submarine outfall. In contrast, the
DDT and PCB concentrations in surficial sediment,
Dover sole, and various sportfish species from the out-
fall area decreased by about an order of magnitude be-
tween 1977 and 1981, when the input rate was rela-
tively low and essentially constant, the total DDT:total
PCB ration in the fish species collected between 1972
and 1981 more closely resembled those in the bottom
sediments than those in the wastewater input. Con-
centrations of these pollutants in the soft tissues of the
mussel Mytilus californianus, collected intertidally well
inshore of the highly contaminated bottom sediments,
followed much more closely the decreases In the out-
fall discharges. These observations suggest that con-
taminated sediments on the seafloor were the princi-
pal (although not necessarily direct) cause of the rela-
tively high and persistent concentrations ol DDT and
PCB residues in tissues of seafood fishes and inverte-
brates from the study area 5-7 y after control of the
dominant wastewater input.
Keywords: "Marine fishes, "Chlorohydrocarbons.
"DDT, "Water pollution, Sediments, Flatfishes, Outfall
sewers, Chlorine organic compounds, Biphenyf, Re-
prints, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Microstonus pacifi-
cus, Dover sole fish, Mytilus californianus, Mussels.
PB90-134362/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Application of a Hazard Assessment Research
Strategy to the Ocean Disposal of a Dredged Ma-
terial: Overview.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
J. H. Gentile, G. G. Pesch, and T. M. Dillon. C1989 10d
EPA/600/D-89/229, ERLN-832
Pub. in Oceanic Processes in Marine Pollution, Volume
5. Urban Wastes in Coastal Marine Environments,
Chapter 11 p115-122. Prepared in cooperation with
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS. Environmental Lab.
Under the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuar-
ies Act the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) has responsibility for establishing and applying
criteria for reviewing and evaluating permits for dump-
ing wastes into the ocean, and the U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers (COE) has responsibility for issuing permits
for the disposal of dredged material into the ocean
After several years of operational experience, the EPA
and the COE have reexamined the strengths and
weaknesses of the permit program and the general
state of the art in sediment testing for the evaluation of
the disposal of dredged material into the marine envi-
ronment. The chapter describes a predictive hazard
assessment strategy and decision rationale for dispos-
al that can be used as the basis for revisions both in
the ocean dumping regulations and in the permitting
program.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Spoil, "Dredging, "Water pollu-
tion, Licenses, Sites, Sediment transport, Exposure
Assessments, Monitoring, Regulations, "Ocean waste
disposal, Wetlands.
PB90-134370/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Historical Synopsis of Great Lakes Water Quality
Research and Management, and Future Direc-
tions.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
W. L. Richardson, and J. F. Paul. c1988,17p EPA/
600/D-89/230, ERLN-1114
Pub. in Protection of River Basins, Lakes, and Estu-
aries, Section 2, Protection and Management of Water
Quality in Lakes and Estuaries, p83-971968.
The paper reviews the progress made in managing eu-
trophication and summarizes some research results
dealing with trends in the transport and transformation
of toxic substances in the Great Lakes; finally, the ap-
proach being taken in planning a major field and mod-
eling (mass balance) study of Green Bay (Lake Michi-
gan) is discussed.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Great Lakes, DDT, Sedi-
ment transport, Mathematical models, Lake Michigan
Trends, History, Eutrophication, Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls.
PB90-134388/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Hazard Assessment Research Strategy for OrtMn
Disposal.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
J. H. Gentile, V. J. Bierman, J. F. Paul, H. A. Walker
and D. C. Miller. 1989,20p EPA/600/D-89/231 '
ERLN-1081
Pub. in Ocean Processes in Marine Pollution, Volume
3. Marine Waste Management: Science and Poiieu
Chapter 16, p199-212 1989.	»'
A decision rationale for ocean disposal based on a
predictive hazard assessment research stragtegy is
presented. The conceptual framework for hazard a»-
sessment is outlined, and its major components are
identified and discussed. The strategy involves tha
synthesis of results from separate exposure and ef
fects components in order to provide a scientific baste
for estimating the probability (risk) of harm toths
aquatic environment. The exposure assessment com-
ponent consists of methodologies for determlningbiaZ
logical effects as a function of contaminant exposure
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
hazard assessment strategy synthesizes exposure
and effects information to provide a casual linkage be-
tween mass inputs of contaminants and biological ef-
fects. The first study examines sewage-sludge dispos-
al atDeep-water Dumpsite-106. The second study,
which examines the disposal of dredged material in a
shallow coastal site in central Long Island Sound, is a
field verification program designee) to test methodolo-
gies required for the acquisition of exposure and ef-
fects information. Both the laboratory and field data
are synthesized to evaluate the accuracy and confi-
dence of predictions of the individual methods, the
tiered hierarchal concept, and the final prediction.
Keywords: "Toxicity, 'Spoil, 'Dredging, 'Water pollu-
tion, Hazards, Assessments, Sediments, Exposure,
Monitoring, Biology, Aquatic animals, Deep water,
Shallow water, Long Island Sound, 'Ocean waste dis-
posal.
PB90-134396/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Characteristic* ol Pilot- and Full-Scale Hazardous
Waste Incinerator Ash.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Q.J. Carroll, and D. A. Oberacker. 1989,10p EPA/
600/0-89/232
Presented at Incineration Conference, Knoxville, TN„
May 2-4,1989.
The review encompasses ash characterization data
from 16 different hazardous waste incinerators, both
pilot- and full-scale, treating a variety of waste
streams. Its focus is on 14 volatile organic compounds,
16 semivolatile organics, and 13 metals for which anal-
yses were most frequently performed. Included are re-
sults of analyses of ash leachate prepared according
to EPA's Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure
(TCLP). The most frequently detected metals in the
ash analyses (as indicated by the fraction of analyses
that were above detection limits) were chromium, zinc,
copper, nickel, lead, arsenic, and silver. The most fre-
quently detected volatile organic compounds were tol-
uene, xylene, trichloroethene, acetone, methylene
chloride, and 1,1,1 -trichloroethene. Predominant semi-
volatile organics were bis (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate,
naphthalene, phenol, di-n-butyl phthalate and pyrene.
Metals were generally detected with greater frequency
than organic compounds.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Incinerators, Ash,
Organic compounds, Vaporizing, Toxicity, Zinc,
Copper, Nickel, Lead(Metal), Acetone, Leaching, Ar-
senic, Toluene, Xylene, Metals, Leachate.
PB0O-134404/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Persistence of Indlganous Viruses through the
Processing Regimen at an Operating Water Treat-
ment Plant.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
C. J. Hurst, R. E. Stetler, and S. C. Waltrip. 1989,18p
EPA/600/D-89/233
Presented at American Water Works Association
Water Quality Technology Conference, Philadelphia,
PA., November 12-16,1989.
The levels of viable indigenous bacteriophages and
human enteric viruses contained in raw water entering
a full scale drinking water treatment facility were exam-
ined on ? quarterly basis for a 1 -year period. On these
same sampling occasions, indigenous virus concentra-
tions were also determined for water samples collect-
ed at the post sedimentation, post sand filtration, and
finished (post chlorination) stages of treatment. Identi-
cally paired water samples were seeded with laborato-
ry viruses to assess whether viral detection efficiency
differed for water at various stages of the water treat-
ment process. The water samples examined during the
course of the study were also tested to determine their
respective levels of several physical and bacterial indi-
cators. Average values for the efficiency of viral detec-
tion were unaffected by progressive stages in treat-
ment of water at the plant. Tne latter finding possibly
suggests a role of suspended water particulates in the
viralconcentration process.
Keywords: 'Bacteriophages, 'Viruses, 'Water treat-
ment, Drinking water, Concentratk>n(Composition),
Sampling, Detection, Enteroviruses, Sedimentation,
Sand filtration, Chlorination.
PB90-134412/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Use of Flexible Membrane Liners in Hazardous
and Nonhazardous Landfills.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
R. E. Landreth. 1989,16p EPA/600/D-89/234
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was
mandated by the U.S. Congress to develop standards
for the management of both hazardous and nonhazar-
dous waste in a manner that would protect human
health and the environment. Research and experience
indicate that a properly designed, constructed, and op-
erated landfill can provide alternative to safely dispose
of waste. Use of a double, composite flexible mem-
brane liner (FML) has been found to best protect the
surrounding environment. The discussion that follows
relates to the current status of the FML.
Keywords: 'Refuse, 'Hazardous materials, 'Mem-
branes, 'Linings, 'Earth fills, Standards, Management,
Safety, Protection, Diagrams, Polymers.
PB90-134420/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Integratsd Approach to Acid Rainfall Assess-
ments.
Iowa Univ., Iowa City. Coll. of Engineering.
J. L. Schnoor, G. R. Carmichael, and F. A. Van
Schepen. C1982,22p ISBN-0-250-40402-8, EPA/600/
D-89/240
Grant EPA-R-809412
Pub. in Energy and Environmental Chemistry, Chapter
13, v2 p225-243 1982. Library of Congress catalog
card no. 81-69255. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab.-Duluth, MN.
A tiered approach to the mathematical modeling of
acid precipitation, its fate and effects, might include:
(1) a steady-state susceptibility model to assess long-
term effects from average annual atmospheric load-
ings on surface and groundwaters; (2) a dynamic, re-
gional model to assess the role of long-range versus
point-source pollutant loadings for regulatory purposes
and (3) a three-dimensional dynamic event model to
assess the maximum environmental insult to a specific
ecosystem during critical conditions such as a snow-
melt event. An integrated approach is needed which
considers the fate of pollutants from their origin
through terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems to the ulti-
mate water resource, groundwater.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Rainfall, "Air pollution,
'Water pollution, Ground water, Mathematical models,
Carbon dioxide, pH, Steady state, Upper Wisconsin
River Basin, Sulfur dioxide, Models, 'Acid precipita-
tion, Ecosystems.
PB90-134438/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Concern for Acidic Deposition in the Great Lakes
Region.
Institute of Ecology, Indianapolis, IN.
0. L. Loucks. C1982,24p ISBN-0-250-10509-1, EPA/
600/D-89/239
Grant R-809412
Pub. in Acid Precipitation: Effects on the Ecological
Systems, Chapter 2. P21-41 1982. Library of Congress
catalog card no. 81-69072. Sponsored by Environmen-
tal Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
The Great Lakes region of the United States and
Canada is an especially appropriate focus for a confer-
ence on acid rain in 1981 for one paramount reason: If
the evidence is compelling that environmental alter-
ations from acidic deposition could, Indeed, be of the
type and magnitude being alleged in other regions,
then there are urgent decisions and actions needed
now to prevent those effects from being expressed
here. A principal conference goal, therefore, must be
to review the evidence as it applies to the unaltered, or
slightly altered, Great Lakes region, and to consider
what new data or relationships still need documenta-
tion before mitigation or control strategies can be eval-
uated.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Greet Lakes, 'Water pollu-
tion, Prevention, Ecology, Canada, United States, Ob-
jectives, Acid precipitation, Acid rain.
PB90-134446/H8U	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Effects of Complex Effluents on Photosynthesis
in Lake Erie and Lake Huron.
Duke Univ., Durham, NC. School of Forestry and Envi-
ronmental Studies.
S. D. Bridgham, D. C. McNaught, and C. Meadows.
C1988,15p EPA/600/D-89/238
Grant EPA-R-810775
Pub. in Functional Testing of Aquatic Biota for Estimat-
ing Hazards of Chemicals, ASTM STP 988, p74-85
1988. Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Univ.,
Minneapolis. Dept. of Ecology and Behavioral Biology.
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth,
MN.
Phytoplankton are the base of the food chain in most
large lake ecosystems; if affected by environmental
pollutants, significant ecosystem changes can result
with potential impact on higher trophic levels. The re-
search determined the effects of a complex effluent
discharge from the River Raisin in Monroe County,
Michigan, on the Lake Erie ecosystem. The river flows
through southern Michigan and has large nutrient and
industrial inputs, especially in the Monroe Harbor area.
The functional parameters measured were bacterial
uptake rate of acetate, zooplankton feeding and repro-
duction rates, and primary production. The results of
the effects of complex effluents onaross photosynthe-
sis, measured as carbon-14 ((14)C) uptake, are pre-
sented in the paper.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Phytoplankton, "Food chains,
'Lake Huron, 'Lake Erie, Photosynthesis, Nutrients,
Algae, Biomass, Great Lakes, River Basins, Reprints,
Chemicals, 'Monroe County(Michigan).
PB90-134453/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Effscts of Complex Effluents from the River
Raisin on Zooplankton Grazing In Lake Erie.
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Dept. of Ecology and
Behavioral Biology.
D. C. McNaught, S. D. Bridgham, and C. Meadows.
C1988,13p EPA/600/D-89/237
Pub. in Functional Testing of Aquatic Biota for Estimat-
ing Hazards of Chemicals, ASTM STP 988, p 128-137
1988. Prepared in cooperation with Duke Univ.,
Durham, NC. School of Forestry and Environmental
Studies. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-
Duluth, MN.
Functional ecosystem tests should reflect the hazards
of toxic chemicals, as well as stimulation by nutrients,
by measuring a single flux of phytoplankton to the
dominant members of the community. The flux of phy-
toplankton and detritus to zooplankton is reflected by
the filtering rates of individual organisms, expressed as
millilitres per animal per hour. The authors used
common particle counting techniques to measure such
fluxes in the waters of Lake Erie. They then examined
the impact of complex effluents on the filtering rates.
These effluent effects are scored as inhibition or stim-
ulation of filtering by the dominant herbivores in the
Lake Erie ecosystem. In the River Raisin, a tributary to
Lake Erie, specific effluents usually inhibited grazing
by the herbivores Daphnia. Diaptomus, and Cyclops,
although one effluent was stimulatory. These results
were airectionally consistent and probably depended
on the characteristics (especially the concentrations of
metals) of the effluents.
Keywords: 'Zooplankton, 'Toxicity, 'Lake Erie,
'Water pollution, Tests, Daphnia, Inhibition, Detritus,
Concentration(Composition), Metals, Reprints,
'Chemicals, Ecosystems.
PB90-134479/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Intrauterine Exposure to Environmental Toxins:
The Significance of Subtle Behavioral Effects.
Wayne State Univ., Detroit, Ml.
J. L. Jacobson, S. W. Jacobson, and G. G. Fein.
C1985,16p EPA/600/D-89/235
Grant EPA-R-808520
Pub. in Beyond the Individual Environmental Stressors,
p125-137 1985. Prepared in cooperation with Mary-
land Univ., College Park. Sponsored by Environmental
Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Recently, there has been an increase in interest in
subtle effects associated with exposure to environ-
mental toxins. One methodological problem in re-
search in this area involves assessment of degree ol
contamination when exposure occurs at low and mod-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
erate levels. A second problem lies in determining the
clinical or practical significance of subtle toxic effects
when they are observed. Both these issues are illus-
trated by the case of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),
a family of environmental toxins found in moderate
concentrations in humans who consume Lake Michi-
gan sports fish.
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Exposure, 'Toxins, 'Lake Michi-
gan, 'Humans, Biphenyl, Concentration(Composition),
Food consumption, Sensitivity, Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls, Newborns.
PB90-134644/HSU	PC E99/MF E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Benefits Analyst* Using Indirect or Imputed
Market Methods. Final rept. for Jul 83-Mar 88.
Maryland Univ., College Park. Dept. of Agricultural and
Resource Economics.
Oct 89,582p in 3v*
Set includes PB90-134651 through PB90-134677.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Policy, Planning and Eval-
uation.
No abstract available.
PB90-134651/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Identification of Preferences In Hedonlc Models.
Volume 1 of Benefits Analysis Using Indirect or
Imputed Market Methods. Final rept. Jul 83-Mar 88.
Maryland Univ., College Park. Dept. of Agricultural and
Resource Economics.
K. E. McConnell, M. Cropper, R. Mendelsohn, and T. T.
Phipps. Oct 89,126p EPA/230/10-89/068
Grant EPA-R-811043
See also Volume 2, PB90-134669. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office
of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB90-
134644.
The purpose of the report is 'to solve the identification
problem in hedonic models'. The volume describes the
circumstances under which the problem is solved and
analyzes other issues consistent with the use of the
hedonic model in benefit-cost analysis. The identifica-
tion problem concerns the difficulties researchers en-
counter in trying to find the household's schedule of
willingness to pay for various levels of attributes of a
house (e.g., size of rooms, neighborhood characteris-
tics, environmental quality), not just a small change in
the attnbute. The identification problem stems from the
fact that observed hedonic prices reflect not only on
the value of the attribute to the household but also on
the distribution of households of various types, the
scarcity of houses, and the distribution of housing
characteristics in the stock of housing. The conclusion
of the volume is that white it is conceptually possible to
identify the hedonic model, it is not a good use of re-
search resources. Further research into how the hous-
ing market works, the accuracy of marginal prices, and
otner issues which logically precede trie identification
problem should be pursued.
Keywords: "Economic models, "Benefit cost analysis,
Mathematical models, Housing studies, Market re-
search, Economics, Prices, "Preferences.
PB90-134669/HSU	PC A12/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Measuring the Benefits of Water Quality Improve-
ments Using Recreation Demand Models. Volume
2 of Benefits Analysis Using Indirect or Imputed
Market Methods. Final rept. Jul 83-Mar 88.
Maryland Univ., College Park. Dept. of Agricultural and
Resource Economics.
N. E. Bockstael, W. M. Hanemann, and I. E. Strand.
Oct 89,272p EPA/230/10-89/069
Grant EPA-R-811043
See also Volume 1, PB90-134651 and Volume 3,
PB90-134677. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Policy, Plan-
ning and Evaluation.		
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB90-
134644.
The public provision of improvements in water quality
is an activity endangered by the complexities involved
in the accounting of benefits. The lack of markets and
observed prices in water-related recreational activity
has necessitated the use of surrogate prices in benefit
assessment. Moreover, a formal regime (i.e., the Prin-
ciples and Standards for Water Quality) articulates the
assessment procedure. Unfortunately, the regime still
contains ambiguities, inconsistencies and slippage
sufficient to raise potential controversy over any esti-
mate of benefits from water quality improvements. The
purpose of the volume is to address some of the ambi-
guities and inconsistencies and, in so doing, provide a
more comprehensive, credible approach to the valu-
ation of benefits from water quality improvements.
Substantial progress is made in improving valuation
techniques by linking the fundamental concepts of the
'travel cost' model with cutting-edge advances in the
labor supply, welfare, and econometrics literature.
Keywords: 'Economic models, "Benefit cost analysis,
"Water quality, Recreation, Demand(Economics), Sta-
tistical analysis, Market research.
PB90-134677/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Benefits from Improvements in Chesapeake Bay
Water Quality. Volume 3 of Benefit Analysis Using
Indirect or Imputed Market Methods. Final rept. Jul
83-Mar 88.
Maryland Univ., College Park. Dept. of Agricultural and
Resource Economics.
N. E. Bockatael, K. E. McConnell, and I. E. Strand. Oct
89,184p EPA/230/10-89/070
Grant EPA-R-811043
See also Volume 2, PB90-134669. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office
of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99, PB90-
134644.
The report attempts to focus attention on the human
use of the Chesapeake Bay. It considers what is
known and what is not known about the relationship
between chemical and biological characteristics of the
Bay and human use. The relationship must be under-
stood in order to address the more complex measure-
ment of human benefits. One objective of the report is
to provide estimates of values of Chesapeake Bay rec-
reational activities and willingness-to-pay estimates of
improvements in water quality associated with the ac-
tivities. A second objective is to describe, model and to
some extent explain recreational uses of the Chesa-
peake.
Keywords'. 'Chesapeake Bay, 'Water quality, 'Benefit
cost analysis, Recreation, Market research, Statistical
analysis, Beaches, Demand(Economics), Recreational
boating, Sport fishing.
PB90-135187/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Sister Chromatid Exchange Analysis In Cultured
Primary Lung, Liver, and Kidney Cells of Mice Fol-
lowing In vivo Exposure to Vinyl Carbamate. Jour-
nal article.
Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
J. A. Campbell, C. F. Eppersimons, A. D. Kligerman, A.
B. Petro, and Y. Sharief. cOct 85,8p EPA/600/J-86/
523
Pub. in In vitro Cellular and Development Biology, v22
n8 p443-448 Aug 86. See also PB89-105522. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Methods are described for the short-term culture (48 to
56 h) of lung, liver, and kidney cells from C57B1/6
mice. With these techniques mice can be exposed in
vivo to test compounds and the cells grown on cover
glasses in the presence of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine
(BrdUrd) (5 micro M) for analysis of sister chromatid
exchange (SCE) and cell cycle kinetics. Mice exposed
to vinyl carbamate (VC) (10 to 60 mg/kg) by ip. injec-
tion were used in the initial examination of this system.
Cultured lung and kidney cells from exposed animals
(60 mg/kg) exhibited significant increases in SCE fre-
quencies (approximately 3 to 5x base-line); however,
liver cells were much less responsive and showed less
than a twofold increase over baseline SCE levels.
Lung cultures initiated as long as 320 h after VC expo-
sure (60 mg/kg) revealed a persistence of lesions
leading to the formation of SCEs in vitro. The method-
ology permits analysis of cytogenetic damage in
organs with very low mitotic activity following in vivo
exposure to known or suspected genotoxicants.
(Copyright (c) 1989 Tissue Culture Association, Inc.)
Keywords: "Lung, 'Liver, "Kidney, "Toxicology, Mice,
Exposure, In vivo analysis, Mutagens, Mitosis, Re-
prints, 'Sister chromatid exchange, 'Vinyl carbonate,
Cultured cells, Bromodeoxyuridine, Cell cycle.
PB90-135195/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Dlaziquone-lnduced Mlcronuclel In Cytochalasln
B-Blocked Mouse Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes.
Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
G. L. Erexson, A. D. Kligerman, and J. W. Allen. c1987
8p EPA/600/J-87/511
Pub. in Mutation Research, v178 p117-122 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Environmental Health Re-
search and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A mouse peripheral blood lymphoma (PBL) micronu-
cleus (MN) test was developed using a modification of
the technique for assessing MN in human PBLs de-
scribed by Fenech and Morley (1985). Male C57B1/6
mice (5/dose) were injected i.p. with either 0, 2.5, 5 0
7.5, or 10.0 mg diaziquone (AZQ)/kg. After 24 h, the
mice were bled by cardiac puncture; PBLs were isolat-
ed on a Ficoll-density gradient and then cultured in
RPM11640 medium using 8 microgram phytohemagg-
lutinin/ml. In some cultures cytochalasin B (CYB) was
added at 21 h during the medium change to block cyto-
kinesis. In other cultures, CYB was omitted to compare
the sensitivity of analyzing MN in binucleate versus
unblocked mononucleate cells. All doses of AZQ yield-
ed significant increases in MN-containing binucleated
PBLs. The use of CYB in the mouse PBL MN test in-
creased the sensitivity approximately threefold. The
MN test in mouse PBLs should be useful in compara-
tive cytogenetic studies of mice and humans. (Copy-
right (c) 1987 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.)
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Lymphocytes, Mutagens, Mice,
Humans, Reprints, 'Micronucleus test, 'Diaziquone'
Cell survival, DNA damage, Cell cycle, Phytohemagg-
lutinins, Chromosome aberrations.
PB90-135203/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Effect of Microbial Concentration on Biodagrada-
tion Rates of Phenols. Journal article.
Wisconsin Univ.-Superior. Center for Lake Superior
Environmental Studies.
D. D. Vaishnav, L. Babeu, and E. T. Korthals. c1989 9o
EPA/600/J-89/242	' ^
Pub. in Jnl. of Industrial Microbiology, v4 p307-314
1989. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab-
Duluth, MN.
Biodegradation rates of 12 phenols were measured
with respect to acclimated microbial biomass ranging
from 23,000 to 23 x 10 to the 8th power cells/l. Rates
ranged between 0.02 m/l/day for 1.6 mg/l p-bromo-
phenol exposed to 23,000 x 10 to the fourth power
cells/l and 1.41 ma/l/day for 3.2 mg/l p-methyiphenol
exposed to 2.3 x 10 to the 8th power cells/l. Generally
rates for all phenols were first-order in substrate con-
centration and zero-order in biomass concentration
Bromophenol biodegradation was preceded by lag pe-
riods of varying lengths and to a small extent the rate
was dependent on microbial biomass. Results from
the study suggest chemical biodegradation generally
exhibits pseudo-first- and occasionally, second-order
kinetics. (Copyright (c) 1989 Society for Industrial
Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Microorganisms, 'Phenols, "Biodeteriora-
tion, 'Environmentar surveys, "Reaction kinetics, Bio-
mass, Concentration(Composition), Water pollution.
Ecology, Sediments, Surface waters, Sewage treat-
ment, Reprints, Environmental persistence.
PB90-135211/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Comparison of Chemical Biodegradation Rates in
BOD Dilution and Natural Waters. Journal article
Wisconsin Univ.-Superior. Center for Lake Superior
Environmental Studies.
D. D. Vaishnav, and E. T. Korthals. c1988,9p EPA/
600/J-88/478
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v41 p291-298 1988. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Laboratory studies of chemical biodegradation are
generally conducted using synthetic media inoculated
with sewage, natural water, soil or hydrosoil. They tend
to focus, for example, on identification of intermediate
metabolites and end products, determination of miner-
alization rates and other kinetic parameters, and eval-
uation of physicochemical factors affecting the rates.
Results from such studies provide the bases for ap-
praising chemical persistence in native environments.
In view of the above, the objectives of the study were:
(1) to measure biodegradation rates of nine chemicals
in BOD dilution water, and (2) to compare the rates
with those reported in literature for the same chemi-
cals in five natural waters. The comparison allowed an
assessment of the environmental relevance of rates
measured using BOD dilution water.
Keywords: 'Biodeterioration, 'Biochemical oxygen
demand, 'Streams, Dilution, Kinetics, Assessments,
Sewage treatment, Soils, Reprints, 'Chemicals, Meta-
bolites.
PB90-135229/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Anatoxin 81 Induced Hepatic Neoplasia In Great
Lake* Coho Salmon. Journal article.
Roswell Park Memorial Inst., Buffalo, NY.
J. J. Black, A. E. Maccubbin, H. K. Myers, and R. F.
Zeigel, e1988,5p EPA/600/J-88/479
Grant EPA-R-811689
Pub. in Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 41, p742-745
1988. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-
Duluth, MN.
The Great Lakes are annually stocked with large num-
bers of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Sonste-
gard and Leatherland (1984) have previously recom-
mended use of coho salmon as an indicator for moni-
toring ecosystem health in the Great Lakes, because
stockings throughout the Great Lakes are from a
common genetic strain and in the lake environment
they have a defined food source and life cycle.
Keywords: 'Salmon, 'Water pollution, 'Great Lakes,
Disease vectors, Monitoring, Genetics, Life cycles,
Food habits, Indicator species, Carcinogens, Reprints,
Aflatoxin B1, 'Oncorhynchus kisutch, Hepatic neopla-
sia, Ecosystems.
PBM-135237/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Quantitative Structure-Blodegradablllty Relation-
ships for Alcohols, Ketones and Allcycllc Com-
pounds. Journal article.
Wisconsin Unlv.-Superior. Center for Lake Superior
Environmental Studies.
D. D. Vaishnav, R. S. Boethling, and L. Babeu. C1987,
12p EPA/600/J-87/512
Grant EPA-R-811603
Pub. in Chemosphere, v16 n4 p695-703 1987. Spon-
sored by Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Biodegradation of 17 alcohols and 11 ketones was de-
termined using the BOD technique. Quantitative struc-
ture-biodegradability relationships, based on n-octa-
nol/water partition coefficients, are reported for these
compounds, as well as a series of alicyclic compounds
studied by Pitter.
Keywords: 'Biodeterioration, 'Alcohols, 'Ketones,
"Molecular structure, 'Heterocyclic compounds,
Graphs(Charts), Biochemical oxygen demand, Re-
prints.
PBM-13524S/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Prediction of Biodegradablllty for Selected Organ-
ic Chemicals. Journal article.
Wisconsin Univ.-Superior. Center for Lake Superior
Environmental Studies.
L Babeu, and D. D. Vaishnav. c1987,11 p EPA/600/ J-
87/513
Pub. in Jnl. of Industrial Microbiology, v2 p107-115
1987. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-
Duluth, MN.
The 5-day BODs of 45 organic chemicals were deter-
mined using acclimated mixed microbial cultures.
These chemicals included alcohols, acids, esters, ke-
tones, aromatics and miscellaneous compounds. The
BOD data were correlated with water solubilities, log of
l-octanol/water partition coefficients, molar refractivi-
ties and volumes, melting (m.p.) and boiling points,
number of carbon (C No.), hydrogen and oxygen
atoms, molecular weights, and theoretical (Th) BODs
of chemicals. Linear and second-order polynomial re-
gression analyses were used; the latter was also at-
tempted with two or more independent variables. All
prediction equations were compared for statistical
merits. The acclimation potential of an autochthonous
microbial community cannot yet be predicted, but the
study demonstrates that the process of active biode-
gradation for structurally dissimilar chemicals appears
to correlate quantitatively with certain physiochemical
parameters. (Copyright (c) 1987 Society for Industrial
Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Biodeterioration,
'Environmental surveys, Microorganisms, Ecology,
Physicochemical properties, Quantitative analysis, Re-
gression analysis, Comparison, Experimental design,
Mathematical models, Reprints, Environmental per-
sistence, Biological models.
PB90-135252/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Words from Waterside Mall: 1989, A Year of
Change for EPA (Environmental Protection
Agency). Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
A. M. Ehrlich. c31 Mar 89,8p EPA/600/J-89/257,
OHEA-l-318
Pub. in Environmental Voice, the Newsletter of the Na-
tional Law Center's Environmental Law Association,
Issue 1,1989.
The year 1989 will be a year of change for EPA. There
is a change of Administration, a change of political ap-
pointees at EPA, and new leadership in Congress-all
combining to affect the direction of EPA over the next
few years. All of this is occurring as a natural conse-
quence of the governmental system, but it is worth-
while to focus on what this political evolution means
for environmental regulation and for EPA.
Keywords: 'Public administration, Trends, Govern-
ment policies, 'US EPA, Environmental protection,
Federal agencies.
PB90-136260/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Accumulation of Poly-beta-Hydroxybutyrate In a
Methane-Enriched, Halogenated Hydrocarbon-De-
grading Soli Column: Implications for Microbial
Community Structure and Nutritional Status. Jour-
na| article
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Or-
ganization, Hobart (Australia). Div. of Oceanography.
P. D. Nichols, and D. C. White. c1989,11 p EPA/600/J-
89/256
Grant EPA-R-813725
Pub. in Hydrobiologia, V176/177 p369-377 Jun 89.
Prepared in cooperation with Tennessee Univ., Knox-
vilte. Inst, for Applied Microbiology. Sponsored by
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
The prokarotic, endogenous storage polymer poly-B-
hydroxybutyrate (PHB) accumulated in soil from a
methane-enriched, halogenated hydrocarbon-degrad-
ing soil column. Two strains analyzed of the type II
methanotroph Methylobacterium organophilum were
found to contain PHB, with PHB/PLFA ratios similar to
those determined for the methane-enriched soil
column, suggesting that methanotrophic bacteria en-
riched in the methane-amended column produced
PHB. Control soil and sodium azide-inhibited material,
in which methanotroph markers were below detection,
did not contain PHB. Biochemical assays, based on
the differences observed, can be used to monitor
shifts in microbial biomass, community structure and
nutritional status of systems used to model microbial
biotransformation processes. The study illustrates that
biochemical procedures have the potential to monitor
the stimulated populations of a native soil microbial
community capable of degrading pollutants. (Copyright
(c) 1989 Kluwer Academic Publishers.)
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Soil microbiology, Fatty
acids, Gas chromatography, Aquifers, biomass,
Sodium oxides, Mass spectroscopy, Reprints, *Ar-
chaebacteria, *Poly-B-hydroxybutyrate, Soil pollut-
ants, Pharmacokinetics, Biotransformation, Environ-
mental monitoring. Nutritional status.
PB90-135278/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Present and Future EPA (Environmental Protec-
tion Agency) Incineration Research Facility. Jour-
nal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
M. K. Richards. C1989, 6p EPA/600/J-89/241
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v39
n10 p1309-1312 Oct 89.
The Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments
(HSWA) of 1984 require treatment of specified indus-
trial and hazardous wastes before they can be land-
filled. Incineration has been proposed as a solution to
the disposal problem of Sonne of these wastes. Since
not all wastes can be safely incinerated; parametric
factors determine the effectiveness of incineration de-
struction of toxic materials is necessary. The Environ-
mental Protection Agency operates an experimental
facility in Jefferson, Arkansas, which, among other
functions, evaluates thermal treatment for hazardous
wastes. The paper discusses the studies that have
been carried on at the CRF and the potential for the
hazardous waste community to use the physical plant
which essentially quadrupled its size. It is now possible
for the EPA's Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory
(RREL) to accommodate 3rd-Party users at the Arkan-
sas plant; related information is presented.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Incinerators, 'Air
pollution, Sites, Solid waste disposal, Toxicity, Safety,
Earth fills, Jefferson(Arkansas).
PB90-135351/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Delay, Intertrlal Interval, Delay Behavior
and Trlmethyltfn on Spatial Delayed Response In
Rats. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Neurotoxicology Div.
P. J. Bushnell. c24 Aug 87,10p EPA/600/J-88/477
Pub. in Neurotoxicology and Teratology, v10 p237-244
1988.
Working memory was modeled in rats using a delayed
response (DR) task with spatial location as the dis-
criminative cue. Rats received food for pressing 1 of 2
retractable levers in the choice phase of a trial if that
lever had been presented in the prior sample phase of
that trial. When delays of 0 - 20 sec were imposed be-
tween sample and choice, choice accuracy declined
with increasing delay. With short intertrial intervals
(ITIs), choice accuracy decreased more at long delays
than at short delays, showing that interference from
previous trials impaired memory but not discrimination.
Trimethyltin (TMT), 7 mg/kg iv, reduced the choice ac-
curacy of one rat to chance levels at all delays; two
other rats were affected transiently. TMT did not affect
responses to the retracted levers during delays. TMT
treatment also elevated levels of glial fibnllary acid pro-
tein (GFAP) In the CNS, measured 4 weeks after treat-
ment. GFAP levels also correlated significantly with
TMT-induced changes in the slopes and intercepts of
the retention gradients for individual animals at both
times after treatment. The delay and ITI effects sug-
?est that the DR task adequately assessed memory,
he lack of effect of delay presses on choice accuracy
suggests that these overt mediating responses did not
differentially affect choice responding. The preferential
disruption of choice accuracy at long delays by TMT
confirms previous reports that working memory is me-
diated by the limbic system. The lack of effect of TMT
on delay presses suggests that its neurotoxic effect on
memory did not involve these mediating responses.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Trimethyltin compounds,
Rats, Delay time, Animal behavior, Hippocampus, Re-
prints, 'Cognition disorders, Glial fibrillary acidic pro-
tein.
PB90-135369/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Conditioned Flavor Aversion Induced by Inhaled
'p'-Xylene In Rats. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Neurotoxicology Div.
P. J. Bushnell, and D. B. Peele. c1988,7p EPA/600/J-
88/476
Pub. in Neurotoxicology and Teratology, v10 p273-277
1988. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Inc./Environmental Sciences, Research Triangle Park,
NC.
Xylenes have the potential for widespread public expo-
sure, yet their neurotoxic properties are poorly under-
stood. The conditioned flavor aversion (CFA) paradigm
provides a sensitive behavioral assay for the aversive-
ness of many drugs and toxic chemicals. Male Long-
Evans rats were placed on a restricted water schedule
(30 min/day) 1 week after arrival in the laboratory at 40
days of age. Ten days later, all rats received 0.2% sac-
charin in place of water, and then were exposed imme-
diately either to conditioned air or to 50,100, 200, 400,
800 or 1600 ppm p-xylene for 4 hr, or to 400 ppm p-
xylene for 0.5, 1, 2, 4, or 8 hr. The restricted water
schedule remained in effect for the next 72 hr, at which
time the rats were given a choice between saccharin
and water. Inhalation of all concentrations of p-xylene
reduced preference for saccharin, with maximal aver-
sion at 800 and 1600 ppm. The aversion produced by
p-xylene was maximal at exposures of 2 or more hrs,
with shorter exposures producing intermediate effects.
Thus inhaled p-xylene at a concentration of 1/2 its
TLV (100 ppm) caused a significant, learned change in
rats' normal flavor preference for saccharin without
disrupting fluid consumption.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Xylenes, 'Taste, 'Avoidance
learning, 'Conditioned responses, Graphs(Charts),
Saccharin, Reprints, Drinking.
PB90-135377/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Immunologic Effects of Perinatal Exposure of
Rats to Oloctyltin Dlchlorlde. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Perinatal Toxicology Branch.
S. J. Smialowicz, M. M. Riddle, R. R. Rogers, D. G.
Rowe, and R. W. Luebke. C1988,22p EPA/600/J-88/
475
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health
25, p403-422 1988. Prepared In cooperation with Nor-
throp Services, Inc./Environmental Sciences, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Studies were conducted to determine the period of
immune system development which was most sensi-
tive to perturbation by the known immunotoxicant di-n-
octyltin dichloride (DOTC). Fischer 344 rats were ex-
posed prenatal ly, both pre- and postnatally or postna-
tally to DOTC by oral gavage of pregnant and/or lac-
tating females. At various ages, ranging from 3 to 16
weeks of age, offspring were examined for a number of
immune functions. These included: body and lymphoid
organ weights; lymphoproliferative responses to B and
cell mitogens; natural killer cell activity; and primary
antibody response to sheep erythrocytes. Prenatal
(day 10-20 of gestation), pre- and postnatal (day 11-20
of gestation and 2-11 days of age), or postnatal (2-13
days of age) oral dosing of dams to 20-50 mg/kg
DOTC resulted in no consistent alteration in immune
function in offspring. These results suggest that direct
dosing of pups dunng early postnatal life may be the
most effective means of inducing immunosuppression
with DOTC during immune system development. The
results also provide direct evidence for the greater
sensitivity of the developing immune system compared
with the fully developed immune system for a known
immunotoxicant. (Copyright (c) 1988 Hemisphere Pub-
lishing Corporation.)
Keywords: 'Immunology, 'Toxicology, Exposure,
Tables(Data), Body weight, Reprints, Maternal-fetal
exchange, 'Dictyltln dichloride, Organ weight, Natural
killer cells, Gestation, Lymphoid tissue.
PB90-135385/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
(32) P-Adduct Assay: Comparative Recoveries of
Structurally Divers* DNA Adducts In the Various
Enhancement Procedures. Journal article.
Baylor Coll. of Medicine, Houston, TX.
R. C. Gupta, and K. Earley. c1988,9p EPA/600/J-88/
474
Pub in Carcinogenesis, v9 n9 p1687-1693 1988.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
A (32)P-adduct assay for the measurement of low
levels (I adduct per 10(7) nucleotides) of binding of
carcinogens to DNA has been reported previously.
The recovery pattern of most adducts examined in the
polynucleotide kinase-enriehment assay was essen-
tially the same as found in nuclease P1-mediated
1456 Vol. 90, No. 24
assay, except that overall lower values were obtained.
The data suggest that a given DNA sample should be
analyzed by different versions of the 32P-adduct
assay, particularly DNA of specimens of humans ex-
posed to low levels of unknown carcinogens. The ob-
servation that chemical structure of an adduct may be
detrimental in its recovery in the enzyme- and extrac-
tion-mediated enrichment procedures may serve as a
probe in the structural characterization of adducts of
unknown carcinogens. (Copyright (c) Press Limited,
Oxford, England.)
Keywords: 'Toxicology, "Deoxyribonucleic acids,
'Carcinogens, Tables(Data), Thin layer chromatogra-
phy, Reprints, *DNA damage, Phosphorus radioso-
topes, Autoradiography, Polynucleotide kinase.
PB90-135393/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Species and Strain Sensitivity to the Induction of
Peroxisome Proliferation by Chloroacetic Acids.
Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
A. B. DeAngelo, F. B. Daniel, L. McMillan, P. Wernsing,
and R. E. Savage. cNov 89,16p EPA/600/J-89/245
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v101
n2 p285-298 Nov 89.
B6C3F1 mice and Sprague-Dawley rats were provided
drinking water containing 6 - 31 mM trichloroacetic
acid (TCA), 8-39 mM dichloroacetic acid (DCA) or 11 -
33 mM monochloroacetic acid (MCA) for 14 days, TCA
and DCA, but not MCA, increased the mouse relative
liver weight in a dose dependent manner. Rat liver
weights were not altered by TCA and DCA treatment,
but were depressed by MCA. Hepatic peroxisome pro-
liferation was demonstrated by increased palmitoyl
CoA oxidase activity (PCO), appearance of a peroxi-
some proliferation-associated (PP-A) protein, and mor-
phometric analysis by electron microscopy. Mouse
peroxisome proliferation was enhanced in a dose de-
pendent manner by both TCA and DCA, but only the
high DCA concentration (39 mM) increased rat liver
peroxisome proliferation. MCA was inactive in both
species. Three other mouse strains (Swiss-Webster,
C3H, and C57BL/6) and two strains of rat (F344 and
Osborne-Mendel) were examined for sensitivity to
TCA. TCA (12 and 31 mM) effectively enhanced per-
oxisome proliferation in all mice strains, especially the
C57BL/6. A more modest enhancement In the Os-
borne-Mendel (288%) and F344 rat (167%) was seen.
Dosing F344 rats with 200 mg/kg TCA in water or corn
oil for 10 days increased peroxisome proliferation
179% and 278% respectively above the vehicle con-
trols. Corn oil potentiated the TCA effect (316% above
the water vehicle). (Copyright (c) 1989 by Academic
Press, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Acetic acid, Liver, Body
weight, Tables(Data), Cell division, Corn oil, Electron
microscopy, Reprints, 'Microbodies, Species specifici-
ty, Organ weight, Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,
Enzyme induction, Coenzyme A, Carnitine acetyltrans-
ferase.
PB90-135401 /HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Use of Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes to
Measure DNA Binding Capacity of Chemical Car-
cinogens. Journal article.
Baylor Coll. of Medicine, Houston, TX.
R. C. Gupta, K. Earley, and S. Sharma. cMay 88,7p
EPA/600/J-88/473
Grant EPA-R-813810
Pub. in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sci-
ence, v85 p3513-3517 May 88. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Roger Williams General Hospital, Providence,
Rl. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Although animal models have been used successfully
to study metabolic activation and binding of carcino-
gens to DNA, only limited studies have been done in
human systems, to circumvent the problems associat-
ed with the inaccessibility of human tissues and a lack
of sensitive methods to detect DNA damage, the study
investigated the capability of human peripheral blood
lymphocytes to metabolize carcinogens to their DNA
binding species by a 32p-adduct assay. Freshly isolat-
ed lymphocytes were exposed at 37 C for 18 nr to 30
micro/M each of ten compounds known or suspected
to be carcinogenic in experimental animals. Anthra-
cene, pyrene, and perylene were included as noncar-
cinogen controls. 32p-postlabeling analysis of ex-
posed DNAs showed exclusively or predominantly 1
major adduct for all test carcinogens, except for 2-
anthramine (AA), triphenylene, and 7,12-dimethylben-
zanthracene (DMBA), which showed 2-3 adducts, in
the range of 8-1500 atto(a)mol/micrograms DNA. No
DNA binding was detected for the noncarcinogens.
From 12 specimens studied thus far, significant interin-
dividual variations were observed for 2-aminofluorene
(62-fold), DMBA (10-fold) benzidine (19-fold) and 1,2-
benzanthracene (18-fold) in their capacity to bind to
the lymphocyte DNA. These data indicate that all test
carcinogens formed low but readily measurable levels
of DNA adducts.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, "Deoxyribonucleic acids, 'Lym-
phocytes, 'Carcinogens, Humans, Thin layer chroma-
tography, Reprints, "DNA damage, Metabolic activa-
tion, Biotransformation.
PB90-135468/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Microbial Degradation of Seven Amides by Sus-
pended Bacterial Populations. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA. Office of
Research and Development.
W. C. Steen, and T. W. Collette. c1989,7p EPA/600/
J-89/247
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vSS
n10 p2545-2549 Oct 89. See also PB88-214739.
Microbial transformation rate constants were deter-
mined for seven amides in natural pond water. A
second-order mathematical rate expression served as
the model for describing the microbial transformation.
Also investigated was the relationship between the in-
frared spectra and the second-order rate constants for
these amides. Second-order rate constants (k2)
ranged from a low of 2.0 x 10(-14) to a high of 1.1 x
10(-9) liters/organism/h for niclosamide (2',5-dichloro-
4'-nitrosalicylanilide) and propachlor (2-chloro-N-lso-
propylacetanilide), respectively. The mechanism of
degradation (i.e., microbially mediated hydrolysis) of
the amides was consistent with that of other organic
chemicals previously studied in a variety of naturiu
waters. Preliminary investigations indicate that tempo-
ral variations in measured second-order rate constants
are small. A simple linear regression of the infrared
carbonyl-stretchlng frequency with log k2 gave a cor-
relation coefficient (r2) of 0.962. (Copyright (c) 1989
American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: "Biodeterioration, 'Water microbiology
'Amides, Infrared spectroscopy, Hydrolysis, Molecular
structure, Reprints.
PB90-135476/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA. Office of
Research and Development.
Fate of Dyes In Aquatic Systems II. Solubility and
Octanol/Water Partition Coefficients of Disperse
Dyes. Journal article.
Georgia Univ., Athens. Dept. of Textiles, Merchandis-
ing and Interiors.
C. P. C. Yen, T. A. Perenich, and G. L. Baughman.
C1989,8p EPA/600/ J-89/248
Grant EPA-R-812638
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v8
n11 p981-986 Nov 89. Sponsored by Environmental
Research Lab., Athens, GA. Office of Research and
Development.
Water solubilities were measured for 10 disperse dyes
that are mostly of recent vintage. The solubilities and
octanol/water partition coefficients are used to predict
expected concentration factors for sediment and
biota. The results show that these newer disperse
dyes are likely to have greater potential toward sedi-
ment sorption and bioconcentration than older dyes.
The data also confirm a previous conclusion that
methods for estimating the octanol/water partition co-
efficient of these dyes give results that are signlftcantlv
different from measured values. Possible explanations
for the differences are discussed.
Keywords: 'Dispersion, 'Solubility, 'Dyes, 'Water Dol.
lutlon, Sediments, Environmental transport, Sortition
Solvents, Reprints, Octanol/water partition coefficient'
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-135484/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Reductive Dehalogenatlon of Dichloroanllinea by
Anaerobic Microorganisms In Fresh and Dlchloro-
phenol-Accllmated Pond Sediment. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA. Office of
Research and Development.
J. Struijs, and J. E. Rogers. C1969,7p EPA/600/J-89/
249
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v55
n10 p2527-2531 Oct 89. Prepared in cooperation with
Rijksinstituut voor de Volksgazondheid en Miiieuhy-
giene, Bilthoven (Netherlands).
The authors investigated the transformation of 2,4-
dichloroaniline (2,4-DiCA) and 3,4-DiCA to monochlor-
oanilines (CA) in anaerobic pond sediment. Dechlorin-
ation of 3,4-DiCA to 3-CA started after a lag period of 3
weeks and was complete after an additional 5 weeks.
Although 2,4-DiCA disappeared over 8 weeks, the ap-
pearance of a CA product could not be detected. In
contrast, anaerobic bacteria in pond sediment accli-
mated to dehalogenate 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DiCP)
or 3,4-DiCP rapidly dechlorinated 2,4-DiCA and 3,4-
DiCA without any lag time. By comparison, anaerobic
sediment bacteria acclimated to 3,4-DiCA rapidly de-
graded 3,4-DiCP without a lag. In all cases, the CA
products were stable for the duration of the experi-
ments. The authors concluded that cross-acclimation
occurred.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Anaerobic bacteria,
'Ponds, Acclimatization, Sediments, Chlorine organic
compounds, Phenol, Anilines, Degradation, Dechlor-
onation. Chloroanilines.
PB90-135492/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Photolysis of Octachlorodlbenzo-P-Dioxln on
Soils: Production of 2,3,7,8-TCDD. Journal article.
Nevada Univ., Reno. Dept. of Biochemistry.
G. C. Miller, V. R. Hebert, M. J. Millie, R. Mitzel, and R.
G. Zepp. c1989,12p EPA/600/J-89/250
Grant EPA-R-813336
Pub. in Chemosphere, v18 n1-6 p1265-1274 Jun 89.
Prepared in cooperation with Enseco-Cal Lab., Sacra-
mento, CA. Sponsored by Environmental Research
Lab., Athens, GA.
Photolysis of octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) on
soils results in production of the lower chlorinated di-
benzo-p-dioxins, notably 2,3,7,7-tetrachloro-dibenzo-
p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD), 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodi-
benzo-p-dioxin (1,2,3,7,8-PCDD) and three hexachlor-
odibenzo-p-dioxin isomers substituted at the 2,3,7,8-
positions. Photodechlorination Is favored at the lateral
positions for the H6CDD and P5CDD congeners,
based on the relative yields of the various isomers pro-
duced. The mean depth of photolysis of OCDD in the
two soils examined varied between 0.06 and 0.13 mm.
Keywords: 'Chlorobenzene, 'Soils, 'Photolysis, Wood
preservatives, Production, Depth, Adsorption, Sun-
light, Irradiation, ConcentrationtComposition), Organic
materials, Montana, Reprints, Dioxin, Photodechlorina-
tion.
PB90-135500/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Phyalcochemlcal Interaction of 'Escherichia coll'
Cell Envelopes and 'Bacillus subtllls' Cell Walls
with Two Clay* and Ability of the Composite to
Immobilize Heavy Metals from Solution. Journal ar-
ticle.
Guelph Univ. (Ontario).
S. G. Walker, C. A. Flemming, F. G. Ferris, T. J.
Beveridge, and G. W. Bailey. c1989,11 p EPA/600/ J-
89/251
Grant EPA-R-813605
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v55
n11 p2976-2984 Nov 89. Sponsored by Environmental
Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Isolated Escherichia coli K-12 cell envelopes or Bacil-
lus subtllis 168 cell walls were reacted with smectite or
kaolinlte clay In distilled deionized water (pH 6.0); un-
bound envelopes or walls were separated by sucrose
density gradient centrifugation, and the extent of ad-
sorption was calculated. At saturation, both clays ad-
sorbed approximately 1.0 mg (dry weight) of envelopes
or walls per mg (dry weight) of clay. Tne addition of
heavy metals increased the incidence of planar sur-
face orientations, which suggested that multivalent
metal cation bridging was coming into play and was of
increasing Importance. On a dry-weight basis, the en-
velope-clay and wall-clay mixtures bound 20 to 90%
less metal than equal amounts of the individual com-
ponents did. This reduction in metal-binding capacity
indicates that the adsorption of the wall or envelope to
clay has masked or neutralized chemically reactive ad-
sorption sites normally available to metal ions. Trans-
mission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-
ray spectroscopy confirmed these results.
Keywords: 'Adsorption, 'Bacillus subtilis, 'Escheri-
chia coli, 'Clay minerals, Chemical reactions, Cell wall,
Kaolinite, Centrifuging, Metals, Cation exchanging,
Binding, Waste disposal, X-ray spectroscopy, Re-
prints, Heavy metals, Smectite.
PBS0-135518/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Georgia Univ., Athens. Dept. of Chemistry.
Novel Approach to Metal-Humlc Complexation
Studies by Lanthanlde Ion Probe Spectroscopy.
Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
J. C. Dobbs, W. Susetyo, F. E. Knight, M. A. Castles,
and L. V. Azarraga. C1989,19p EPA/600/J-89/252
Grant EPA-R-809989
Pub. in International Jnl. of Environmental and Analyti-
cal Chemistry, v37 n1 p1 -17 Sep 89. Sponsored by
Georgia Univ., Athens. Dept. of Chemistry.
Naturally occurring humic substances are known to be
potentially strong binders of metals in terrestrial and
aquatic environments. A sensitive spectroscopic tech-
nique, based on the unique luminescence properties of
the tripositive lanthanide metal ions, has been devel-
oped to selectively probe metal binding sites in humic
substances. A continuous, multiligand, pH-dependent
ligand model is proposed to describe complexation ol
metals with humic materials in terms of mean binding
strengths, distributions, and concentrations. (Copy-
right (c) 1969 Gordon and Breach, Science Publishers,
Inc.)
Keywords: 'Metal complexes, 'Humic acids, 'Com-
plex compounds, 'Lanthanum, 'Spectroscopic analy-
sis, 'Ions, pH, Chelates, Chemical bonds, Chemical
analysis, Equations, Coordination compounds, Lumin-
esence, Ligands, Reprints.
PB90-135526/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Special Applications of Insect Out Microflora In
Kinetic Studies of Microbial Substrate Removal
Rates. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
D. L. Lewis, and W. A. Said. cJul 89,7p EPA/600/J-
89/253
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v8
n7 p563-567 Jul 89. Prepared in cooperation with
Technology Applications, Inc., Athens, GA., and Geor-
gia Univ., Athens.
Because of the highly controlled environment in which
they live and their unique genetic history, the gut mi-
croflora of some insects may be useful for studying
some of the underlying principles that govern the kinet-
ics of uptake and metabolism of substrates by microor-
ganisms. In the present studies, D-glticose mineraliza-
tion kinetics were investigated using facultative anaer-
obes from termite gut microflora to test the similarity of
kinetics principles developed previously with aquatic
environmental microbial samples. As with environmen-
tal samples, heterogeneous kinetics were observed in
the gut microflora, with increasingly enhanced glucose
removal rates at diminishing amended substrate con-
centrations. These results lend support to the general
applicability of these kinetics principles to a diversity of
mixed microbial populations having greatly dissimilar
environmental histories.
Keywords: 'Removal, 'Substrates, 'Insects, Termites,
Nutrients,	Biodeterioration,
Concentratlon(Composition), Temperature, Re-
sponses, Microorganisms, Genetics, kinetics, Aquatic
biology, Reprints, Guts.
PB90-136534/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Abiotic Reduction of Nltro Aromatic Pesticide* in
Anaerobic Laboratory Systems. Journal article.
Colorado School of Mines, Golden. Dept of Chemistry
and Geochemistry.
P. G. Tratnyek, and D. L. Macalady. c1989,9p EPA/
600/J-89/254
Grant EPA-R-811250
Pub. in Jnl. of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, v37 n1
p248-254 Jan 89. See also PB86-217007. Sponsored
by Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Rapid abiotic reduction of nitro aromatic pesticides
occurs in homogeneous solutions of quinone redox
couples, which were selected to model the redox-
labile functional groups in natural organic matter. The
kinetics of methyl parathion disappearance are first
order in methyl parathion and first order in the mono-
phenolate form of the hydroquinone. The concentra-
tion of the monophenolate was calculated from elec-
trode measurement of Eh and pH of the model system
and the thermodynamic data. The second-order rate
constant at 25 C is 31.1 + or ¦ 4.9 L/min/mol in a solu-
tion where the quinone-hydroquinone redox system
consists of partially reduced indigo disulfonate and is
(3.80 + or - 0.65) x 10(4) L/min/mol in redox systems
based on anthraquinonedisulfonate. Reduction of
methyl parathion is negligible above about -50 mV; this
is the apparent reduction potential of methyl parathion
under the conditions used in the study. In indigodisul-
fonate model systems, the disappearance of proflura-
lin is also second order but with a rate constant equal
to 79.0 + or - 8.6 L/min/mol. (Copyright (c) 1989
American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Oxidation reduction reac-
tions, 'Anaerobic conditions, 'Mitro compounds, 'Aro-
matic compounds, Electrochemistry, Thermodynam-
ics, Reaction kinetics, Ouinones, pH, Reprints, Envi-
ronmental pollutants, 'Methyl parathion.
PB90-135542/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
What Causes Peak Splitting After Split, Splltless,
or on Column Injection In Capillary Gas Chroma-
tography. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
J. J. Ellington. cMay 89,4p EPA/600/J-88/481
Pub. in Jnl. of Chromatography, v26 n5 p245-246 May
89.
Split, splitless, and on-column are the most widely
used sample-introduction modes in capillary gas chro-
matography. Under ideal conditions, solutes are eluted
to the detector as short discrete bands, yielding sharp
narrow peaks. Problems occasionally are encountered
with sample introduction into the column. The paper
discusses some solutions for problems related to in-
jection technique, injection volume, sample solvents
used, column position in the inlet, dirty inlets, thermal
gradients, etc.
Keywords: 'Gas chromatography, 'Capillary flow, 'In-
jection, 'Splitting, Sampling, Chemical analysis, Intake
systems, Column packings, Liquid phases, Reprints.
PB90-135559/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA. Office of
Research and Development.
Anaerobic Dechlorination of 2,4-Dlchlorophenol In
Freshwater Sediments in the Presence of Sulfate.
Journal article.
Georgia Univ., Athens.
G. W. Kohring, X. Zhang, and J. Wiegel. cOct 89,5p
EPA/600/J-89/255
Grant EPA-R-812638
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v55
n10 p2735-2737 Oct 89. See also PB89-197495.
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Athens,
GA. Office of Research and Development.
In the presence of added sulfate, 2,4-dichlorophenol
and 4-chlorophenol were transformed stoichiometri-
cally to 4-chlorophenol and phenol, respectively, in an-
aerobic freshwater lake sediments between 18 and 40
C. The concommitantly occurring sulfate reduction re-
duced the initial sulfate concentration from 25 mM to
about 6 to 8 mM and depressed methane formation.
(Copyright (c) 1989, American Society for Microbiolo-
gy)
Keywords: 'Anaerobic processes, 'Sediments, 'Bio-
deterioration, 'Lakes, 'Dechlorination, 'Water pollu-
tpn control, Sulfates, Temperature, Chemical reac-
tions, Graphs(Charts), Phenols, Herbicides, Reprints,
'Phenol/dichloro, 'Phenol/chloro, DCP 2-4 herbicide.
Toxic substances, Methanogenic bacteria.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-135740/HSU	PC A20/MF A03
Development of Risk Assessment Methodology
for Land Application and Distribution and Market-
ing of Municipal Sludge.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
R. J. F. Bruins, A. Jarabek, A. Molak, L. Fradkin, and
W. B. Peirano. May 89,462p EPA/600/6-89/001
Prepared in cooperation with Woodward-Clyde Con-
sultants, Walnut Creek, CA., ICF Northwest, Richland,
WA„ Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Dept.
of Agronomy, and Department of Agriculture, Wash-
ington, DC.
The document is one of a series of reports that present
methodologies for assessing the potential risks to
humans or other organisms from the disposal or reuse
of municipal sludge. The sludge management prac-
tices addressed by this series include land application
practices, distribution and marketing programs, landfill-
ing, incineration and ocean disposal. In particular,
these reports provide methods for evaluating potential
health and environmental risks from toxic chemicals
that may be present in sludge. The document address-
es risks from chemicals associated with land applica-
tion and distribution and marketing of municipal
sludge. These proposed risk assessment procedures
are designed as tools to assist in the development of
regulations for sludge management practices. The
procedures are structured to allow calculation of tech-
nical criteria for sludge disposal/reuse options based
on the potential for adverse health or environmental
impacts. The criteria may address management prac-
tices (such as site design or process control specifica-
tions), limits on sludge disposal rates or limits on toxic
chemical concentrations in the sludge.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, "Marketing, Risk,
Distribution(Property), Assessments, Regulations,
Management, Public health, Sites, Design, Specifica-
tions, Land application, Chemicals.
PB90-137035/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Cutworm Perldroma saucla (Lepldoptera: Noctul-
dae) Supports Growth and Transport of pBR322-
Bearlng Bacteria. Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. L. Armstrong, L. A. Porteous, and N. D. Wood.
C1989,8p EPA/600/J-89/244
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v55
n9 P2200-2205 Sep 89.
Variegated cutworms were exposed to bean plants in
microcosms sprayed with pBR322-carrying strains of
Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella planticola, and Er-
winia herbicola. The three bacterial species exhibited
differential survival on leaves, in soil, and in guts and
fecal pellets (trass) of the insects. High numbers of En-
terobacter cloacae (pBR322) were detected in all sam-
ples, while the other species were unable to establish
residence in the insect. To assess the impact of this
colonization on site-to-site transport of microorga-
nisms, larvae were fed plants that had been sprayed
with the bacteria and then were transferred to uninocu-
lated plants. Cutworms were efficient carriers of Enter-
obacter cloacae (pBR322), as indicated by its rapid ap-
pearance on unlnoculated leaves and continued per-
sistence in the insects for 3 days after transfer. Few
Erwinia herbicola (pBR322) and K. planticola
(~BR322) were obtained from larvae after transfer, al-
though up to 10(3) CFU/g were detected in soil and on
plants. Differences in bacterial survival and growth
were confirmed by incubating frass overnight and ob-
serving the change in population numbers. The propor-
tion of total samples snowing at least a 25-fold in-
crease during incubation was 68% for Enterobacter
cloacae (pBR322), 39% for K. planticola (pBR322),
and 0% for Erwinia herbicola (pBR322).
Keywords: "Bacteria, 'Klebsiella, "Enterobacter, "Er-
winia, Plants(Botany), Larvae, Reprints, "Plasmids,
'Peridroma saucia, Microcosms, Cutworms.
PB90-137043/HSU	^ , PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Dulutn,MN.
Comparison of Occurrence and Rates of Cneml-
eal Blodegradatlon In Natural Waters. Journal arti-
wtsconsin State Univ., Superior. Center for Lake Supe-
rior Environmental Studies.	cDA/cnn/1
D D Vaishnav, and L. Babeu. c1987,1 Op EPA/600/J-
87/514
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v39 p237-244 1987. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
Anthropogenic materials can enter natural waters
through domestic and industrial effluents, agricultural
run-off, seepages from surface and sub-surface chem-
ical repositories, atmospheric deposition, and acciden-
tal spills. An assessment of the biological effects of
chemicals in aquatic environments requires an under-
standing of the fate of such xenobiotic compounds.
Biodegradation may be a principal mechanism which
dictates the longevity of chemical pollutants in terres-
trial and aquatic environments (Bollag 1974). Howev-
er, it is the environment that actually controls the bio-
degradation process and has a greater influence on
the process than the microorganisms per se (Kaplan
1979). The present study was conducted to measure
and compare the degradation of ten organic chemicals
in ground, Lester river and Superior harbor waters by
autochthonous microorganisms.
Keywords: 'Runoff, 'Streams, 'Biodeterioration,
Chemical reactions, Substrates, Interactions, Organic
compounds, Degradation, Lester River, Comparison,
Reprints, Chemicals, Oil spills, Superior Harbor.
PB90-137050/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Plasmld Expression and Maintenance during
Long-Term Starvation-Survival of Bacteria In Well
Water. Journal article.
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.
B. A. Caldwell, C. Ye, R. P. Griffiths, C. L. Moyer, and
R. Y. Morita. C1989, 7p EPA/600/J-89/243
Grant EPA-R-913413
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v55
n8 p1860-1864 Aug 89. See also PB89-214415. Spon-
sored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Strains of enteric bacteria and pseudomonads con-
taining plasmid R388::Tn1721(Tpr, Tcr) or pR0101
(Hgr, Tcr) were starved for over 250 days in sterile well
water to evaluate effects of starvation-survival on plas-
mid expression and maintenance. Viable populations
dropped to between approximately 0.1 and 1% of the
initial populations. Escherichia coli(pR0101) and Pseu-
domonas cepacia (pR0101) lost both viabi lity and plas-
mid expression at a lower rate than strains containing
R388::Tn1721. Three patterns of host-plasmid interac-
tion were detected: (i) no apparent loss of plasmid ex-
pression, (ii) loss of plasmid expression on initial re-
covery with subsequent expression upon resuscita-
tion, and (iii) loss of capability to produce functional
plasmid resistance. (Copyright (c) 1989, American So-
ciety for Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Starvation, 'Aquatic microbiology, 'Water
wells, Bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Eschenchia coli,
Pseudomonas, Graphs(Charts), Reprints, 'Plasmids,
'Gene expression, Gene products.
PB90-137068/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Fate and Transport of Sediment-Associated Con-
taminants, 1989.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
A. J. Medine, and S. C. McCutcheon. c1989,38p EPA/
600/D-89/269
Pub. in Hazard Assessment of Chemicals, v6 p225-
291 1989. See also PB88-139944. Prepared in coop-
eration with Water Science, Boulder, CO.
Although sediments generally are considered to pro-
vide beneficial effects in terms of water quality move-
ment through the 'sorption' of pollutants from the
water column, contaminated sediments also may
result in adverse effects. The interactions of both
metals and organic contaminants with suspended and
bed sediments significantly affects the transport and
transformation of these pollutants in streams and
lakes. Information about these interactions is impor-
tant in assessing hazards of pollutant exposure In
freshwater systems. In the paper, research into the
fate and transport of sediment-associated contami-
nants is reviewed. An overview of contaminant model-
ing is provided along with model descriptions of chemi-
cal and biological transformation processes. Research
on the physical movement of contaminated sediment
is presented, including near bed sediment transport
and advective-dispersive transport in the water
column.
Keywords: 'Sediment transport, "Water pollution,
Metals, Organic compounds, Adsorption, Streams,
Lakes, Hazards, Mathematical models.
PB90-137076/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Geographic Information Systems for Cumulative
Impact Assessment. Journal article.
Minnesota Univ.-Duluth. Natural Resources Research
Inst.
C. A. Johnson, N. E. Deterbeck, J. P. Bonde, and G. J
Niemi. C1988,9p EPA/600/J-88/480
Pub. in Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote
Sensing, v54 n 11 p1609-1615 Nov 88. Sponsored by
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are a valuable
tool for assessing cumulative environmental impact,
the incremental impact of an action when added to
other past, present, and reasonable foreseeable future
actions. GIS can be used to quantify rates of regional
resource loss by comparing data layers representing
different years. GIS can also be used to develop em-
pirical relationships between resource loss and envi-
ronmental degradation. A cumulative impact evalua-
tion method involving aerial photointerpretation, multi-
variate statistical analysis, and GIS techniques was de-
veloped and used to relate past and present wetland
abundance with stream water quality in the Minneapo-
lis-St. Paul metropolitan area. The results demonstrate
the importance of wetland position in the watershed to
water quality, a relationship which would have been
difficult to detect without the benefit of GIS assisted
analysis.
Keywords: "Geography, 'Information systems, 'Envi-
ronmental impacts, "Regional planning, Aerial photog-
raphy, Natural resources, Photointerpretation, Water-
sheds, Water pollution, Statistical analysis, Urban
areas.
PB90-137084/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Laboratory Procedure for Determining Substrata
Removal Rate Coefficients lor Biofilms. Journal ar-
ticle.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
D. L. Lewis, J. D. Pope, D. K. Gattis, and W. A. Said.
c1989,16p EPA/600/J-89/246
Pub. in Jnl. of Microbiological Methods, v10 n2 p103-
111 Sep 89. Prepared in cooperation with Technology
Applications, Inc., Athens, GA., Georgia Univ., Athens.
Inst, of Ecology, and Georgia State Univ., Atlanta.
Although numerous techniques have been standard-
ized for assessing the metabolic activities of free-living
(suspended) microorganisms, little corresponding
methodology has been developed for attached micro-
organisms. Because attached microorganisms, such
as those in biofilms, may dominate the microbiology of
shallow aquatic ecosystems, methods designed spe-
cifically for measuring their activities are a much
needed tool in environmental science. The following
method gives detailed procedures for measuring the
rates of biofilm removal of rapidly degraded hydrophilic
organic substrates. Using replicate Teflon strips colo-
nized in aquatic microcosms and a benchmark chemi-
cal (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid methyl ester), sub-
strate removal rate coefficients were determined for a
particular ratio of colonized surface area to container
volume. These coefficients are applicable in mathe-
matical models used to predict chemical removal rates
under field conditions. (Copyright (c) 1989 Elsevier Sci-
ence Publishers B.V.)
Keywords: 'Water microbiology, Test methods, Me-
tabolism, Substrates, Mathematical models, Reprints.
'Biofilms, Aquatic ecosystems, Cell adhesion.
PB90-137316/HSU	PC A10/MF A02
Nature and Extent of Ecological Risks at Super-
fund Sites and RCRA (Resource Conssrvatlon and
Recovery Act) Facilities (Executive Summary in-
cluded).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
C. Zamuda. Jun 89.219p EPA/230/03-89/043
The Office of Policy Analysis within EPA has been con-
ducting a study of the ecological risks posed by Super-
fund Sites and RCRA Facilities. In June 1989 0PA
completed the first phase of the study and the report
presents the results of OPA's efforts to character^
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
the nature and extent of ecological risks at Superfund
sites and RCRA facilities. The report is divided into two
main parts: Part I addresses Superfund sites and Part
II addresses RCRA facilities.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Hazardous materials, "Risk,
Sites, Facilities, Identifying, Collection methods, Sam-
pling, Regulations, Meetings, Damage, Refineries,
Coal, Mining, Crude oil, Natural gas, Public utilities, Su-
perfund, Case studies, Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act.
PB90-137324/HSU	PC A10/MF A02
Ecological Risk AMeMment Method*: A Review
and Evaluation of Past Practices In the Superfund
and RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act) Programs (Executive Summary Included).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
C. Zarnuda. Jun 89,21 Op EPA/230/03-89/044
Substances released from sites subject to the Com-
prehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,
and Liability Act and the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act have the potential to cause adverse ef-
fects to human health and the environment. Although
there are numerous examples of adverse ecological
impacts being caused by releases of hazardous sub-
stances and wastes, programs have focused primarily
on identification, analysis, and mitigation of potential
adverse effects to human health. As a consequence of
the program emphasis, relatively little information is
available concerning the overall extent of ecological
impacts at sites. EPA/OPA initiated a study of the
nature and extent of ecological impacts at CERCLA
and RCRA sites re. the methods that have been or
could be used to evaluate ecological impacts at these
sites, and past ecological risk management decisions
and issues at OSWER waste sites.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Ecology, 'Public
health, Environmental impacts, Humans, Waste dis-
posal, Project planning, Sites, Risk, Management, Su-
perfund program, Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse Compensation and Liability Act, Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act.
PB90-137332/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Ecological Risk Management In the Superfund
and RCRA (Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act) Programs.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
C. Zamuda. Jun 89,45p EPA/230/03-89/045
The report discusses the extent to which ecological
concerns have been used as a basis for decisionmak-
ing in the CERCLA and RCRA programs. For each pro-
gram, the report first identifies areas in which ecologi-
cal impacts could be considered, and then examines
the manner and extent to which ecological concerns
have, in fact, been taken into account in program ac-
tivities. The report concludes with discussion of the
major ecological risk management issues that should
be addressee by the Agency if ecological concerns are
to be fully considered in the RCRA/CERCLA decision-
making.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Hazardous materials, Environ-
mental impacts, Risk, Management, Decision making,
Superfund, Resources Conservation and Recovery
Act.
PB90-137340/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Summary of Ecological Risks, Assessment Meth-
ods, and Risk Management Decisions In Super-
fund and RCRA (Resource Conaervation and Re-
covery Act).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planningand Evaluation.
C. Zamuda. Jun 89,45p EPA/230/03-89/046
In developing and implementing programs under the
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensa-
tion and Liability Act (CERCLA), EPA has focused pri-
marily on analysis and mitigation of human health risks
and less emphasis has been placed on analysis and
mitigation of ecological threats at Superfund sites. As
an initial step in investigating issues related to ecologi-
cal threats at Superfund sites, EPA's Office of Policy
Analysis has conducted a study of three broad topics:
(1) the nature and extent of ecological threats at Su-
perfund sites: (2) the ecological assessment methods
that have been used in the Superfund program: and (3)
the extent to which ecological concerns have been
used as a basis for decision making at Superfund sites.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Hazardous materials, "Public
health, Risk, Sites, Policies, Assessments, Decision
making. Management, Separation, Superfund pro-
gram, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.
PB90-138314/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9):
Coalinga Asbestos Mine, Fresno County, Califor-
nia (First Remedial Action), July 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
19 Jul 89,120p EPA/ROD/R09-89/036
Portions of the document are not fully legible.Portions
of this document are not fully legible.
The Coalinga Asbestos Mine site is in Fresno County,
California, and is being remediated concurrently with
the Atlas Asbestos Mine site. The Record of Decision
(ROD) does not address the mines, but rather a sepa-
rate area in the city of Coalinga, where asbestos, from
the Atlas-Coalinga mines, was deposited to await han-
dling and shipment. The site consists of four distinct
areas: (1) the warehouse which was once a mining
waste distribution center and which currently houses
1,600 cubic yards of mining waste; (2) a storage yard
which contains asbestos-contaminated stacked pipes;
(3) a shipping yard which was used as an asbestos dis-
tribution center by the Coalinga Asbestos Company;
and (4) the U.S. Coalinga Company which currently
stores piles of asbestos-contaminated mining waste.
Subsequent sampling programs, conducted Between
1983 and 1987, revealed that surface water and air
also contained elevated levels of asbestos. As a result
of these findings, EPA issued an Administrative Order
to a major landowner, Southern Pacific Transportation
Company (SPTC), requiring SPTC to conduct an addi-
tional remedial investigation and a feasibility study and
to perform interim measures to stabilize the site. The
primary contaminants of concern affecting the soil and
debris are metals including nickel, and other inorgan-
ics including asbestos ana mining wastes. The select-
ed remedial action for this site are included.
Keywords: 'Site surveys, 'Hazardous materials, 'As-
bestos, 'Waste disposal. Materials handling, Storage,
Metals, Cost analysis, Air pollution, Law enforcement,
Water pollution, Cargo transportation, Public health,
Substitutes, Risks, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial
action, 'Fresno County (California), 'Mine wastes,
'Land pollution, 'Solid waste management, Coalinga
Asbestos Mine, Atlas Asbestos Mine.
PB90-138322/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Ambler Asbestos Plies, Montgomery County,
Pennsylvania (Second Remedial Action), Septem-
ber 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89, 56p EPA/ROD/R03-89/080
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Ambler Asbestos Piles site is in the southwestern
portion of the Borough of Ambler, Montgomery
County, Pennsylvania. This second operable unit for
the site addresses the CertainTeed asbestos pile por-
tion of the Ambler Asbestos site. The CertainTeed pile
was created by the disposal of asbestos-cement scrap
originating from asbestos pipe manufacturing oper-
ations at the CertainTeed plant. In addition, asbestos-
contaminated sludge from a process water treatment
settling pond was also disposed of at the site. Several
inorganic contaminants have also been detected in the
soil and debris of the pile as well as in surface water
and sediment from Stuart Farm Creek. Because the
actual sources of the Inorganic contaminants in the
creek have not been identified, a verification study will
be performed to define the source of these contami-
nants. The primary contaminant of concern affecting
the soil, sediment, debris, and surface water is asbes-
tos. The selected remedial action for the site are in-
cluded.
Keywords: 'Site surveys, 'Hazardous materials, 'As-
bestos, 'Waste disposal, Surface waters, Sediments,
Plpesfiubes), Water pollution, Cost analysis, Flood
plains, Substitutes, Law enforcement, 'Superfund pro-
gram, 'Remedial action, 'Montgomery
County(Pennsylvania), 'Land pollution, 'Solid waste
management, Risk assessment, Air quality, Certain-
Teed plant.
PB90-138330/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9):
Atlas Asbestos Mine, Fresno County, California
(First Remedial Action), July 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
19 Jul 89,120p EPA/ROD/R09-89/035
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Atlas Asbestos Mine site is in Fresno County, Cali-
fornia, and is being remediated concurrently with the
Coalinga Asbestos Mine site. The Record of Decision
(ROD) does not address the mines, but rather a sepa-
rate area in the city of Coalinga, where asbestos, from
the Atlas-Coalinga mines, was deposited to await han-
dling and shipment. The site consists of four distinct
areas: the warehouse which was once a mining waste
distribution center and which currently houses 1,600
cubic yards of mining waste; a storage yard which con-
tains asbestos-contaminated stacked pipes; a ship-
ping yard which was used as an asbestos distribution
center by the Atlas Asbestos Company; and the U.S.
Asbestos Company which currently stores piles of as-
bestos-contaminated mining waste. Subsequent sam-
pling programs, conducted between 1983 and 1987,
revealed that surface water and air also contained ele-
vated levels of asbestos. As a result of these finding,
EPA issued an Administrative Order to a major land-
owner, Southern Pacific Transportation Company
(SPTC), requiring SPTC to conduct an additional reme-
dial investigation and a feasibility study and to perform
interim measures to stabilize the site. The primary con-
taminants of concern affecting the soil and debris are
metals including nickel, and other inorganics including
asbestos and mining wastes. The selected remedial
action for this site are included.
Keywords: 'Site surveys, 'Hazardous materials, 'As-
bestos, 'Waste disposal, Materials handling, Storage,
Metals, Cost analysis, Air pollution, Law enforcement,
Water pollution, Cargo transportation, Public health,
Substitutes, Risks, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial
action, 'Fresno County(California), 'Mine wastes,
'Land pollution, 'Solid waste management, Coalinga
Asbestos Mine, Atlas Asbestos Mine.
PB90-138348/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
United Creosotlng Company, Conroe, Montgom-
ery County, Texas (Second Remedial Action),
September 1989. Final rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89, 76p EPA/ROD/R06-89/053
See also PB87-190039.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The 100-acre United Creosotlng site is in Conroe.
Montgomery County, Texas. The site currently is occu-
pied by a distributing company, a construction compa-
ny, and a residential subdivision. From 1946 to 1972,
the United Creosoting Company operated a wood pre-
serving facility at the site which used PCPs and creo-
sote in the wood preservation process. PCP and creo-
sote wastes were stored in two waste ponds on the
property of the distributing company. In 1983, due to
the contaminated stormwater runoff from the former
waste pond areas, the property owner was directed
under terms of an EPA Administrative Order to regrade
contaminated soil, divert surface water drainage away
from the residential portion of the site, and cap con-
taminated soil. The Record of Decision (ROD) speci-
fies a final remedy for the contaminated soil and com-
plements a 1986 ROD which determined that no action
is necessary to remediate shallow ground water. The
primary contaminants of concern affecting the soil are
organics including PAHs, PCPs, and dioxins. The se-
lected remedial action for this site are included.
Keywords: 'Site surveys, 'Waste disposal, 'Hazard-
ous materials, 'Industnal wastes, Aromatic polycyclic
hydrocarbons, Ponds, Cost analysis, Substitutes, Law
enforcement, Risks, Wood preservatives, Public
health, "Superfund program, 'Remedial action,
*Conroe(Texas), 'Land pollution, Phenol/pentachloro,
Dioxins, Backfilling.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-138355/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5): E.
H. Schilling Landfill, Hamilton Township, Law-
rence County, Ohio (First Remedial Action), Sep-
tember 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89,85p EPA/ROD/R05-89/099
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The E.H. Schilling Landfill site is in Hamilton Township,
Lawrence County, Ohio. The site is a 2.7-acre landfill
on a larger tract of land. The predominantly rural area
neighboring the site includes approximately 50 resi-
dences, which are between 0.25 mile and 1.5 miles
from the site. The landfill was created by constructing
a dam across a small valley. Both the landfill cover and
dam have been described as inadequate, and leach-
ate containing hazardous substances is being re-
leased through and beneath the dam. From 1969 to
1980 the landfill operators accepted both nonhazar-
dous and hazardous wastes including styrene, phenol,
acetone, alcohol, wastewater treatment sludge, coal
tar compounds, and cumene. Results from a 1988 in-
vestigation reveal that soil and sediment contamina-
tion is limited to the area immediately adjacent to the
dam, and ground water contamination is limited to the
monitoring wells immediately surrounding the landfill
and the monitoring wells downgradient of the dam.
Contamination appears to be due to leachate runoff.
The primary contaminants of concern affecting the
soil, sediment, and ground water are VOCs including
benzene; other organics including PAHs, pesticides,
and phenol; and metals including arsenic. The select-
ed remedial action for this site are included.
Keywords: 'Site surveys, 'Earth fills, 'Waste disposal,
'Hazardous materials, Water pollution, Sediments,
Ground water, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons,
Phenols, Public health, Metals, Pesticides, Law en-
forcement, Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition),
'Superfund program, 'Remedial action, 'Lawrence
County(Ohio), 'Land pollution, Volatile organic com-
pounds, Environmental monitoring.
PB90-138363/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superlund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Fulton Terminals Site, Oswego County, New York
(First Remedial Action), September 1989. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89,84p EPA/ROD/R02-89/081
Portions of this document are not fulty legible.
The 1.6-acre Fulton Terminals site is in Fulton,
Oswego County, New York. The site is bordered to the
west by the Oswego River, and a section of the site
lies within the riverTs 100-year floodplain. Commercial
and industrial operations are the primary land uses in
the vicinity of the site. Spills and leaks of chemical
wastes stored in eight tanks at the site resulted in soil
and ground water contamination. In 1981, following a
citation for not meeting Federal and State standards
for the operation of a hazardous waste storage facility,
Fulton Terminals initiated a cleanup which included
emptying and removing four storage tanks. This
remedy addresses the low levels of soil contamination
remaining at the site and a plume of contaminated
ground water which threatens the Oswego River. The
primary contaminants of concern affecting the soil and
ground water are VOCs including benzene, TCE, and
xylenes; other organics including PAHs; and metals in-
cluding arsenic. The selected remedial action for this
site are included.
Keywords: 'Site surveys, 'Hazardous materials,
'Chemical compounds, 'Waste disposal, 'Storage
tanks, Leakage, Cost analysis, Ground water, Water
pollution, Public health, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocar-
bons, Metals, Law enforcement, Risks, Substitutes,
'Superfund program, 'Remedial action, *Fulton(New
York), 'Chemical spills, 'Land pollution, Volatile or-
ganic compounds.
PB90-138371/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 10):
Northwest Transformer, Whatcom County, Wash-
ington (First Remedial Action), September 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
15 Sep 89,76p EPA/ROD/R10-89/018
portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Northwest Transformer site (NWT), a 1.6-acre
former salvage yard, is approximately 2 miles south of
Everson in Whatcom County, Washington. The site is
in a rural area and is bordered by low-density residen-
tial areas to the north and east, and farmland to the
south. The NWT site was used for transformer storage
and salvage. Storage and salvage operations were
conducted in an onsite barn where PCB-contaminated
dielectric fluid was drained from the transformers
before dismantling. Transformer casings and associat-
ed parts were incinerated onsite, and some of the re-
covered oil was burned to heat the barn. Spillage and
leakage of PCB-laden oil on the ground appeared to
have occurred frequently, and some oil apparently was
dumped directly into a seepage pit onsite, contaminat-
ing soil and possibly ground water. This operable unit
includes investigations of ground water and the onsite
barn to determine whether either is sufficiently con-
taminated to merit a subsequent operable unit. The pri-
mary contaminant of concern affecting the soil is PCB.
The selected remedial action for this are site included.
Keywords: 'Site surveys, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, "Salvage, 'Transformers, Insulating
oil, Cost analysis, Ground water, Agricultural products,
Law enforcement, Substitutes, Risks, Public health,
Ecology, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial action,
'Land pollution, 'Whatcom County(Washington),
'Waste management, Polychlorinated biphenyls,
Water pollution sampling, Oil spills, 'Oil pollution.
PB90-138389/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Douglassvllle Disposal, Berks County, Pennsylva-
nia. (Third Remedial Action), June 1989 (Amend-
ment). Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Jun 89,105p EPA/ROD/R03-89/071
See also PB89-135305.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The Douglassville Disposal site is a 50-acre aban-
doned waste oil processing facility in Union Township,
Berks County, Pennsylvania. The area surrounding the
site includes agricultural land, residences, and light in-
dustrial development. The site lies almost entirely
within the 100-year floodplain of the Schuylkill River,
which borders the site to the north and east. The
Schuylkill River is used for municipal and industrial
water supply, recreational purposes, and waste assimi-
lation. Further downstream of the site, seven public
water supply users draw water from the Schuylkill
River. From 1941 to 1979 the site operated as a lubri-
cation oil and waste solvent recycling facility. Wastes
generated from the recycling processes were stored
onsite in several lagoons. The site consists of a former
waste oil processing area and various waste disposal
areas. The second and final response action address-
es soil and ground water contamination remaining
after the former processing facility/tank farm and as-
sociated wastes have been removed offsite. This ROD
also amends, in part, the 1985 ROD, which outlined
the remedial action for the source areas designated as
2, 4, and 5 but deferred a decision regarding ground
water contamination. The primary contaminants of
concern affecting the soil, sediment, and ground water
are VOCs including benzene, toluene, and vinyl chlo-
ride; other organics including PAHs, PCBs, and
phenol; and metals including lead. The selected reme-
dial action for this site are included.
Keywords: 'Site surveys, 'Waste disposal, 'Hazard-
ous materials, 'Industrial wastes, Water pollution.
Ground water, Lagoons(Ponds), Lubricating oils,
Public health, Substitutes, Cost analysis, Solvents,
Metals, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Phenols,
•Superfund program, 'Berks County(Pennsylvania),
'Land pollution, Remedial action, 'Municipal wastes,
Waste oils, Waste processing, Volatile organic com-
pounds, Polychlorinated biphenyls.
PB90-138397/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA RMion 1):
Wells O and H, Woburn, Massachusetts (First Re-
medial Action), September 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
14 Sep 89,85p EPA/ROD/R01-89/036
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Wells G&H site encompasses 330 acres within
the zone of contribution of two municipal drinking
water wells known as Well G and Well H, commonly re-
ferred to as Wells G&H, in Woburn, Massachusetts.
The Aberjona River flows through the site, and a sub-
stantial onsite wetlands area is associated with the
river's floodplain. Wells G&H were developed in the
1960s and provided over one quarter of the Woburn
community water supply. In 1979 the State closed the
wells and provided the community with an alternate
water supply after detecting several chlorinated vola-
tile organic compounds (VOCs) in the wells. EPA in-
vestigations beginning in 1981 resulted in the site
being divided into three discrete operable units. Be-
tween 1983 and 1989 EPA issued several Administra-
tive Orders to site property owners requiring cleanup
activities including limiting site access and removing
drums and debris. This Record of Decision (ROD) ad-
dresses remediating contaminated soil and ground-
water found at the first operable unit, the five proper-
ties identified as principal sources of contamination,
and further evaluating the remaining operable units.
The primary contaminants of concern affecting the
soil, sludge, debris, and groundwater are VOCs includ-
ing PCE and TCE; other organics including carcino-
genic PAHs (cPAHs), PCBs, and pesticides; and
metals including lead. The selected remedial action for
this site are included.
Keywords: 'Site surveys, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, 'Water wells, Ground water, Water
pollution, Potable water, Metals, Pesticides, Public
health, Cost analysis, Sediments, Sludge disposal. Ar-
omatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, 'Superfund pro-
grams, 'Remedial action, 'Municipal wastes,
Woburn(Massachusetts), 'Land pollution, Wetlands,
Volatile organic compounds, Polychlorinated biphen-
yls, Cleanup operations.
PB90-138405/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5]c
Ott/Story/Cordova Chemical Site, North Muske-
gon, Michigan (First Remedial Action), September
1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89,103p EPA/ROD/R05-89/111
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Ott/Story/Cordova site is in Dalton Township,
Muskegon County, Michigan. Beginning in 1957, vartl
ous specialty organic chemical manufacturers operat-
ed at the site, producing intermediate items used in
making pharmaceuticals, dyestuffs, and agricultural
chemicals. Soil and water contamination was noted as
early as the 1960s, probably resulting from discharge
of production vessel clean out wastes and
wastewaters to onsite unlined lagoons, and drums of
waste that were accumulated onsite. Due to the com-
plexity of the site the cleanup will be organized into two
distinct operable units. The first operable unit address-
es the interception of contaminated groundwater en-
tering the Little Bear Creek system. The second opera-
ble unit will address contaminated soil, possible
groundwater remediation, source control, and air and
water monitoring. The primary chemicals of concern
affecting the groundwater and surface water are VOCs
including benzene, PCE, TCE, toluene, vinyl chloride,
and xylene; other organics including PCBs and pesti-
cides; and metals including arsenic. The selected re-
medial action for this site are included.
Keywords: 'Site surveys, 'Chemical industry, 'Waste
disposal, 'Hazardous materials, Water pollution
Ground water, Surface water, Cost analysis, Metals'
Pesticides, Lagoons(Ponds), Public health, 'Super-
fund program, 'Remedial action, 'Land pollution
'Muskegon County(Michigan), Volatile organic com-
pounds, Polychlorinated biphenyls, Environmental
monitoring.
PB90-138439/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Rootbox for Quantitative Observations on Intact
Entire Root Systems. Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
H. S. Neufeld. D. M. Durall, P. M. Rich, and D. T.
Tingey. c1989,6p EPA/600/J-89/198
Pub. in Plant and Soil 117, p295-2981989. Prepared in
cooperation with Pacific Northwest Forest and Range
Experiment Station, Corvallis, OR. Forestry Sciences
Lab., and Los Alamos National Lab., NM.
A rootbox is described which allows observation of an
intact, entire root system. Roots are sandwiched
against a plexiglass surface by a nylon mesh that is im-
permeable to roots, but permeable to water and nutri-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ents. To quantify root growth non-destructively, roots
of different size classes are traced onto acetate sheets
using different color pens, and root lengths determined
by digital image analysis. (Copyright (c) Kluwer Aca-
demic Publishers.)
Keywords: 'Plant growth, 'Pine trees, Roots, Obser-
vation, Reprints, 'Pinus elliottii, "Pinus ponderosa, My-
corrhizas, Image processing.
PB90-138447/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Transport of Dissolved Substancss with Second-
Order Reaction. Journal article.
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
S. R. Yates, and C. G. Enfield. C1969,8p EPA/600/J-
89/185
Pub. in Water Resources Research, v25 n7 p17S7-
1782 Jul 89. Prepared in cooperation with Agricultural
Research Service, Riverside, CA. Salinity Lab.
There has been great concern about the contamina-
tion of soils and aquifers with agricultural, municipal,
and industrial pollutants due to the ever-increasing
number of contaminated groundwater wells. A mass
transport equation which allows coupled second-order
reaction between two chemical components in
groundwater systems is described. Several analytical
solutions to the system of nonlinear equations for ad-
vective flow systems have been found, and the fea-
tures of the solution are illustrated by example. The
combined effects of hydrodynamic dispersion and
second-order reaction are investigated using a numeri-
cal technique, since analytical solutions which allow
dispersion were not found. The analytical solutions
can be used in the verification of numerical solution
techniques especially in advection-dominated trans-
port regimes and can be used to give insight into how
the second-order reaction mechanism affects the
transport and fate process. The solutions can also be
used to determine the second-order reaction coeffi-
cient from batch reactor or advective flow experi-
ments. (Copyright (c) 1989, American Geophysical
Union.)
Keywords: "Water pollution, 'Ground water, 'Reaction
kinetics, 'Mass transfer, 'Organic compounds, 'Bio-
deterioration, Numerical analysis, Finite difference
theory, Concentration(Composition), Aquifers, Micro-
organisms, Hydrocarbons, Flow distribution, 'Environ-
mental transport.
PB90-136454/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Dissolved Oxygen and Methane In Water By a QC
Headspace Equilibration Technique. Journal article.
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
D. H. Kampbell, and J. T. Wilson. c1989,11 p EPA/
600/J-89/186
Pub. In International Jnl. of Environmental Analytical
Chemistry, v36 p249-257 Aug 89. Prepared in coop-
eration with NSI Technology Services Corp., Ada, OK.
An analytical procedure is described for the determina-
tion of dissolved oxygen and methane in groundwater
samples. The method consists of generating a helium
gas headspace in a water filled bottle, and analysis of
the headspace by gas chromatography. Other perma-
nent gases such as nitrogen, and volatile aliphatic hy-
drocarbons such as ethane, propane, and butane
could also be analyzed. BTX analyses could also be
done on the sample. Detection limit for oxygen was 0.1
mg/1 and 0.002 mg/1 for methane. Goocfagreement
was shown between Winkler titration and the GC-
Headspace Equilibration Technique for oxygen analy-
ses by a linear regression coefficient, R(sup 2)=0.998.
Oxygen was greatly depleted in some field samples
when they were stored for 30 days at 4 C without hy-
drochloric acid preservation. (Copyright (c) 1989
Gordon and Breach, Science Publishers, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Methane, "Wateranalysis, 'Groundwater,
'Aromatic hydrocarbons, Gas chromatography,
Aquifers, Sample preparation, Experimental design,
Henrys law, Reprints, 'Dissolved oxygen, 'Water pol-
lution detection, 'Headspace equilibration technique.
PB90-1M462/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effects of Freezing on Toxicity of Sediments Con-
taminated with DDT end ENDRIN. Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
G. S. Schuytema, A. V. Nebeker, W. L. Grlffis, and C. E.
Miller. C1989,11p EPA/600/ J-89/199
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v8
p883-891 1989. See also PB90-106311.
Two freshwater sediments containing 3 and 11 % total
organic carbon (TOC) were spiked with DDT and
endrin to compare the effects of cold (4 C) and frozen
(-20 C) storage of the sediment on toxicity to the am-
phipod Hyalella azteca in 10-d tests. Toxicity of the
DDT-spiked sediment was reduced when it was frozen
for 14 d. LC50 values for cold-stored and frozen-stored
sediments were 4.2 and 7.3 micro/g DDT (calculated
on dry solids basis) at 3% sediment TOC and 11.1 and
23.2 micro/g DDT at 11 % sediment TOC, respectively.
Toxicity of the 3% TOC endrin-spiked sediment was
reduced by freezing: it exhibited LC50s of 5.1 and 7.7
micro/g endrin, respectively, for cold and frozen stor-
age. Toxicity of endrin in two tests in the 11% TOC
sediment remained essentially unchanged by freezing.
LC50s were 19.6 and 21.7 micro/g endrin for cold and
frozen sediments in one test and 10.3 and 9.8 micro/g
endrin in the second test.
Keywords: 'Sediments, *DDT, 'Toxicity. 'Freezing,
'Endrin, Freshwater, Exposure, Tables(Charts),
Carbon, Reprints, 'Hyalella azteca, Temperature ef-
fects.
PB90-138744/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Review.
Environmental Audit Program Design Guidelines
for Federal Agencies.
Booz-Allen ana Hamilton, Inc., Bethesda, MD.
J. R. Edward, and B. M. Young. Aug 89,171p* EPA/
130/4-89/001
Contract EPA-68-01 -7378
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Environmental Review.
The goal of environmental management is to reduce
environmental pollution and minimize risks associated
with a facility's production, operations and mainte-
nance. An environmental management program over-
sees the environmental functions within an agency,
generally providing guidance and technical support
throughout the entire organization. An environmental
audit program is a critical component of an agency's
ongoing environmental management program. Audit-
ing increasingly is being used as a systematic method
for verifying compliance with applicable statutes and
regulations, evaluating the effectiveness of environ-
mental management systems already in place, and
identifying unregulated risks present at a facility. In es-
sence, environmental auditing provides the data for a
facility or agency to prepare a 'report card' to ensure
that the goals and objectives of their ongoing environ-
mental program are achieved. The Environmental Pro-
tection Agency (EPA) defines environmental auditing
as a systematic, documented, periodic and objective
review of facility operations and practices related to
meeting environmental requirements. In addition, EPA
policy encourages all Federal agencies to develop au-
diting programs and offers technical assistance to help
Federal agencies design audit programs. The guid-
ance document is one means by which EPA is follow-
ing through on its commitment to provide such assist-
ance to other Federal agencies.
Keywords: 'Auditing, Guidelines, Performance evalua-
tion, Standards, Problem solving, Management plan-
ning, Budgeting, 'Federal agencies, 'Environment
management, State programs, Compliance, Pollution
regulations, US EPA, Environmental Issues, Pollution
control, Pollution abatement.
PB90-140336/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Inhibition of Qap-Junctlonal Intercellular Commu-
nication between Chlneee Hameter Luna Fibrob-
lasts by Dl (2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) and
Trisodium Nltrilotriacetate Monohydrate (NTA).
Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
A. R. Malcolm, and L. J. Mills. c1989,11p EPA/600/J-
89/179, ERLN-795
Pub. in Cell Biology and Toxicology, v5 n2 p145-153
1989. Prepared in cooperation with Science Applica-
tions International Corp., Narragansett, Rl.
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and trisodium nitrilotriace-
tate monohydrate, two apparently nongenotoxic car-
cinogens, were tested for effects on gap-junctional
communication between Chinese hamster V79 lung fi-
broblasts. Both compounds inhibited gap-junctional
communication in a concentration-dependent manner.
The inhibiting effects of these chemicals on gap-junc-
tional communication in vitro correlate with their tumor-
promoting activity. Such results further support the hy-
pothesis that inhibition of gap-junctional communica-
tion is an in vitro biomarker for some tumor-promoting
chemicals. (Copyright (c) 1989 Princeton Scientific
Publishing Co.)
Keywords: 'Lung, 'Toxicology, 'Carcinogens, Inhibi-
tors, Reprints, 'Intercellular junctions, *Di(2-
ethylhexyl)phthalate, 'Ethylhexyl, 'Trisodium nitrilo-
triacetate monohydrate, Chinese hamsters, Fibrob-
lasts.
PB90-140344/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Relationships between Temperature Units and
Sensitivity to Handling for Coho Salmon and Rain-
bow Trout Embryos. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
S. C. Johnson, G. A. Chapman, and D. G. Stevens.
C1989,10p EPA/600/J-89/178, ERLN-N085
Pub. in the Progressive Fish-Culturist 51, p61-68 1989.
The relationship between embryo development, ex-
pressed as cumulative temperature units (TU; the
number of TU is the difference between the daily mean
temperature and 0 C), and the timing of the period
during which embryos are sensitive to handling was
determined for coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)
and rainbow trout (O. mykiss, formerly Salmo gaird-
neri). Each day after fertilization, a different group of
embryos was subjected to standardized handling
stress; subsequent survival in the group was com-
pared to that of unhandled controls. Both species were
incubated at three temperatures. The sensitive devel-
opmental stages (when handling significantly lowered
survival; P 0.05) for coho salmon embryos was 90-139
TU at a mean incubation temperature of 8.9 C, 95-145
TU at 10.5 C, and 84-124 TU at 12.7 C. Minimum sur-
vival (about 20%) occuned at 111,115, and 98 TU for
temperatures of 8.9, 10.5, and 12.7 C, respectively.
Rainbow trout embryos survived significantly less well
when handled at 99 and 98 TU for incubation tempera-
tures of 9.3 and 10.4 C, respectively, but they evi-
denced no sensitivity to handling when incubated at
11.5C.
Keywords: 'Salmon, "Trout, "Embryos, Temperature,
Survival, Exposure, Graphs(Charts), Life cycles, Sensi-
tivity, Reprints, "Oncorhynchus kisutch, "O mykiss,
'Stress(Physiology), Incubation.
PB90-140674/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Anaerobic Biodegradatlon of o-, m- and p-creeot
by Sulfate-Reduclng Bacterial Enrichment Cul-
tures Obtained from a Shallow Anoxic Aquifer.
Journal article.
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Dept of Botany and Micro-
biology.
J. M.Suflita, L. Liang, and A. Saxena. c1989,13p EPA/
600/J-89/187
Pub. in Jnl. of Industrial Microbiology, v4 n4 p255-266
Jul 89. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental
Research Lab., Ada, OK.
Sulfate-reducing bacterial enrichments were obtained
from a shallow anoxic aquifer for their ability to metab-
olize either o-, m-, or p-cresol. GC/MS and simultane-
ous adaptation experiments suggested that the anaer-
obic decomposition of p-cresol proceeds by the initial
oxidation of the aryl methyl group to form p-hydroxy-
benzoic acid. The intermediate was then converted to
benzoic acid. Benzoic acid and a hydroxybenzalde-
hyde were also found in spent culture fluids from an o-
cresol-degrading enrichment culture. The result, in ad-
dition to others, suggested that o-cresol may also be
anaeroblcally degraded by the oxidation of the methyl
substituent. An alternate pathway for anaerobic m-
cresol decomposition might exist. Enrichment cultures
obtained with either p- or o-cresol degraded both of
these substrates but not m-cresol. In contrast a m-
cresol enrichment culture did not metabolize the ortho
or para isomers. Anaerobic biodegradation in all en-
richment cultures was inhibited by molybdate and
oxygen, and was dependent on the presence of sulfate
as a terminal electron acceptor. (Copyright (c) 1989
Society for Industrial Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Cresols, 'Anaerobic bacteria, 'Aquifers,
'Sulfate reducing bacteria, 'Biodeterioration, Benzoic
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
acids. Metabolism, Reprints, Biological pathways,
Mass fragmentography.
PB90-140682/HSU	PC A02/MF AOt
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Mechanisms of Microbial Movement in Subsur-
face Materials. Journal article.
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Dept. of Botany and Micro-
biology.
P. J. Reynolds, P. Sharma, G. E. Jenneman, and M. J.
Mclnerney. c1969,9p EPA/600/J-89/188
Grant EPA-R-813559
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v55
n9 p2280-2286 Sep 89. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr
Environmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
The biological factors important in the penetration of
Escherichia coli through anaerobic, nutrient-saturated,
Ottawa sand-packed cores were studied under static
conditions. In cores saturated with galactose-peptone
medium, motile strains of E. coli penetrated four times
faster than mutants defective only in flagellar synthe-
sis. Studies with motile nonchemotactic and chemo-
tactic microbes indicated that chemotaxis may not be
required for bacterial penetration through unconsoli-
dated porous media. Studies using motile and nonmo-
tile E. coli strains together with their respective iso-
genic non-gas-producing mutants indicated that gas
production may be an important mechanism for the
movement of non-motile bacteria through such media,
but has little effect on the penetration rate of motile or-
ganisms. Results obtained with motile strains implied
that the penetration rate for motile bacteria through un-
consolidated porous media is regulated by the in situ
bacterial growth rate. A sigmoidal relationship was
found between the specific growth rates of all of the
motile bacteria used in the study and the penetration
rates through cores saturated with galactose-peptone
medium. (Copyright (c) 1989 American Society for
Microbiology.)
Keywords: "Escherichia coli, 'Penetration tests, 'Sub-
soil, Graphs(Charts), Galactose, Growth, Porosity, Nu-
trients, Reprints, 'Motility, Chemotaxis, Culture media.
PB90-140690/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Approximate and Analytical Solutions for Solute
Transport from an Injection Well Into a Single
Fracture. Journal article.
New Mexico Inst, of Mining and Technology, Socorro.
Dept. of Geoscience.
C. S. Chen, and S. R. Yates. c1989,12p EPA/600/J-
89/189
Grant EPA-R-813529
Pub. in Ground Water, v27 nl p77-86 Jan/Fob 89. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Agricultural Research Serv-
ice, Riverside, CA. Salinity Lab., and California Univ.,
Riverside. Dept. of Soil and Environmental Sciences.
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
In dealing with problems related to land-based nuclear
waste management, a number of analytical and ap-
proximate solutions were developed to quantify radio-
nuclide transport through fractures contained in the
porous formation. It has been reported that by treating
the radioactive decay constant as the appropriate first-
order rate constant, these solutions can also be used
to study injection problems of a similar nature subject
to first-order chemical or biological reactions. The frac-
ture is idealized by a pair of parallel, smooth plates
separated by an aperture of constant thickness.
Groundwater was assumed to be immobile in the un-
derlying and overlying porous formations due to their
low permeabilities. However, the injected radionu-
clides were able to move from the fracture into the
porous matrix by molecular diffusion (the matrix diffu-
sion) due to possible concentration gradients across
the interface between the fracture and the porous
matrix. Calculation of the transient solutions is not
straightforward, and the paper documents a contained
Fortran program, which computes the Stehfest inver-
sion, the Airy functions, and gives the concentration
distributions in the fracture as well as in the porous
matrix for both transient and steady-state cases.
Keywords: 'Solutes, 'Injection wells, Mathematical
models, Transport properties, Computer systems pro-
8rams, Hydrogeology, Fracture zones. Rock proper-
es, Groundwater, Mass transfer, Ionic mobility, Diffu-
sion, Graphs(Charts), "Radionuclide migration, "Ra-
dioactive waste management.
PB90-140708/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Anaerobic Biodegradation of Nitrogen-Substitut-
ed and Sulfonated Benzene Aquifer Contami-
nants. Journal article.
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Dept. of Botany and Micro-
biology.
E. P. Kuhn, and J. M. Suflita. c1989,14p EPA/600/J-
89/190
Pub. in Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials, v6
n2 P121-133 1989. Sponsored by Roberts. Kerr Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
A literature survey of ground water contaminants indi-
cated that aquifers are repositories for hazardous
wastes, including N- and S-substituted benzene de-
rivatives. The susceptibility of several anilines, benza-
mides, benzenesulfonic acids and benzenesulfona-
mides to anaerobic metabolism by aquifer microorga-
nisms was examined. Under sulfate-reducing and
methanogenic conditions the carboxylated anilines
were biotransformed within 1 to 3 months while unsub-
stituted or methylated anilines required longer incuba-
tion times. Benzamide as welt as an aryi methyl and an
N-methyl derivative were biodegraded under both
redox conditions. The anerobic degradation of the N-
methylated benzamide was favored in sulfate-reducing
rather than methanogenic incubations. However, the
addition of a second N-alkyl group rendered the result-
ing compounds resistant to anaerobic decay. Only 1 of
7 benzenesulfonates and 2 of 5 benzene-sulfona-
mides proved amenable to anaerobic metabolism. The
authors found 37-75% of the theoretically expected
amount of methane from aquifer slurries amended with
the aminobenzoic acids, benzamide, and p-toluamide.
In the sulfate-reducing aquifer slurries 89-100% of the
oxidized benzamide, p-toluamide and N-methylbenza-
mide could be accounted for by sulfate reduction.
These results help indicate which hazardous waste
constituents will likely persist in anoxic aquifers and
the types of chemical substitution patterns that favor
anaerobic biotransformation.
Keywords: "Anaerobic processes, "Biodeterioration,
'Aquifers, "Hazardous materials, "Water pollution
control, "Benzenes, Ground water, Waste treatment.
Nitrogen organic compounds, Sulfur organic com-
pounds, Microorganisms, Sulfate reducing bacteria,
Reprints, 'Biological industrial waste treatment, Meth-
ane bacteria, Biologically stable substances.
PB90-140716/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Software at the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency's Center for Exposure Assess-
ment Modeling. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA. Center for
Exposure Assessment Modeling.
R. B. Ambrose, and T. O. Barnwell. c1989,20p EPA/
600/J-89/191
Pub. in Environmental Software, v4 n2 p76-93 Jun 89.
The Center for Exposure Assessment Modeling
(CEAM) was established to meet the scientific and
technical exposure assessment needs of the United
States Environmental Protection Agency's Program
and Regional Offices and the various state environ-
mental agencies. To support environmental risk-based
decisions concerning protection of air, water, and soil,
CEAM provides proven predictive exposure assess-
ment techniques for aquatic, atmospheric, terrestrial,
and multimedia pathways for organic chemicals and
metals. A wide range of analysis techniques is provid-
ed, ranging from simple desk-top techniques through
computerized steady-state models to sophisticate,
state-of-the art continuous simulation models. The
paper reviews the capabilities of 12 environmental
models for urban and nonurban nonpoint sources,
conventional and toxic pollution of streams, lakes and
estuaries, tidal hydrodynamics, geochemical equilibri-
um, and aquatic food chain bioaccumulatton.
Keywords: "Risk, "Exposure, Mathematical models,
Air pollution, Water pollution, Computerized simulation,
Watersheds, Hydrology, Pesticides, Streams, Hydro-
dynamics, Hazardous materials, Reprints, "Environ-
mental pollution, "Computer applications. Computer
software. Environmental Protection Agency, Land pol-
lution, Storm water runoff, Aquatic ecosystems, Food
chain.
PB90-140724/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Poster Presentations for Scientific Meetings. Jour-
nal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
L. H. Liegel, and D. Thompson. C1989,9p EPA/600/J-
89/197
Pub. in Jnl. of Agronomic Education, v18 n2 p69-75
1989. Prepared in cooperation with Forest Service,
Portland, OR. Pacific Northwest Research Station.
As the number of poster sessions increases at profes-
sional meetings each year, students, scientists, and
managers face new challenges to develop effective
poster production skills. The paper reviews the advan-
tages and disadvantages of poster presentations as
compared to verbal presentations. It outlines front-end
and secondary planning, materials, and follow-up
needed to create visually attractive and technically ac-
curate posters. An example of an actual poster display,
with several spot-art symbols, is used to help docu-
ment conceptualization and technical production as-
pects. The techniques can be used to make posters
either for classroom projects or for formal presenta-
tions at national professional meetings. Convenient
check lists are provided to help first-time or experi-
enced enthusiasts determine their progress in com-
pleting specific phases of a poster presentation.
Keywords: "Visual communication, "Graphic methods.
Graphic arts. Visual aids, Preparation, Expositions,
Charts, Diagrams, Reprints, "Verbal communication.
PB90-140732/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Zinc Exposure on Subsequent Acute Tol-
erance to Heavy Metals In Rainbow Trout Journal
article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Narragansett, Newport,
OR. Mark 0. Hatfield Marine Science Center.
D. I. Anadu, G. A. Chapman, L. R. Curtis, and R. A.
Tubb. C1989,10p EPA/600/J-89/177, ERLN-N055
Pub. in Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v43 p329-336 1989. Prepared In coopera-
tion with Anambra State Univ. of Technology, Abaikaliki
(Nigeria). Dept. of Animal Production and Aquaculture.
and Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Fisheries
and Wildlife.
Fish usually show increased tolerance to metals in so-
lution if previously given an opportunity to acclimate to
near lethal concentrations of the metal. Tolerance has
been correlated with an increase in tissue metalloth-
ionein (MT). The purposes of the tests described were
to investigate the potential for increased tolerance to
zinc; to evaluate correlations between tolerance and
liver MT level; to go beyond simple one-step acclima-
tion by increasing the acclimation level as tolerance
developed: to measure loss of tolerance following
transfer of acclimated fish to control water; and to de-
termine if zinc acclimation led to increased tolerance
to copper and cadmium.
Keywords: 'Zinc, 'Metals, 'Toierances(Physiology),
"Trout, Exposure, Liver, Correlation, Copper, Cadmi-
um, Bloassay, Reprints, 'Oncorhynchus mykiss, Me-
tal lothionein.
PB90-140740/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Organic Carbon Fractions in Extracts of O and B
Horizons from a New England Spodoaol: Effects
of Acid Treatment Journal article.
Illinois Univ., Urbana.
M. B. David, G. F. Vance, J. M. Rissing, and F. J.
Stevenson. C1989,9p EPA/600/ J-89/196
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Quality, v18 n2 p212-217
Apr-Jun 89. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
The authors examined the effects of H2S04 and
HN03 on dissolved organic carbon (DOC), pH, and
DOC fractions in extracts from Spodosol O and B hori-
zon samples of a forest soil from eastern Maine. The
DOC in O horizon extracts decreased with increasing
acidity. For the B horizon extracts, DOC increased with
increasing acidity. For the B horizon, similar trends
were observed, although hydrophobic/hydrophiHc acid
ratios were lower, indicating that hydrophobic acids
have a lower solubility with increasing acidity. From an
environmental perspective, increasing acidic inputs
through wet and dry deposition on forest Spodosolsof
New England may have significant consequences in
the solubilization and transport of metals and acidify
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
because of differences in DOC fractions. (Copyright (c)
1989, ASA, CSSA, SSSA.)
Keywords: 'Soil chemistry, 'Dissolved organic matter,
'Cartoon, 'Acidification, 'Watersheds, 'Sulfuric acid,
'Nitric acid, Bear Brook, Adirondack Mountains, pH,
Forestry, Adsorption, Solubility, Streams, Experimental
design, Extraction, Reprints, 'New England, Environ-
mental transport, Horizontal integration.
PB90-140757/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Simulation of Airborne Microbial Droplet Trans-
port Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
B. Ughthart, and J. Kim. c1989,9p EPA/600/J-89/200
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v55
n9 p2349-2355 Sep 89. See also PB90-117003. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Oregon State Univ., Corval-
lis. Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences.
In the past, large-scale aerial dispersal of microorga-
nisms from sources such as evaporative cooling
towers and sewage irrigation and treatment plants has
been estimated by using atmospheric dispersion
models based on temporal and spatial averaging as
defined in the Gaussian plume models. The framework
for a simulation model which describes the dispersion
of individual droplets of water containing viable mi-
crobes is presented. The model accounts tor physical,
chemical, biological, and measured meteorological pa-
rameters of each droplet at each of many short steps.
Repeating the modeling process for many droplets will
simulate a cloud of droplets. The model is compared
with the Tulelake, California release in 1988 and found
to show very similar patterns of deposition within 30 m
(the maximum observation distance of the source). A
hypothesis for the survival sequence In the microbe-
containing droplets Is discussed. (Copyright (c) 1989,
American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Atmospheric diffusion, 'Mathematical
models, *Drops(Liquids), 'Microorganisms, 'Air pollu-
tion, Sources, Particle size distribution, Evaporation,
Wind(Meteorology), Velocity, Reprints, 'Environmen-
tal transport.
PB0O-14O765/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Competitive Binding of Proton* and Metal lona In
Humic Substances by Lanthanlde Ion Probs Spec-
troscopy' Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
j C Dobbs, W. Susetyo, L. A. Carreira, and L. V.
Azarraga. C1989,8p EPA/600/J-89/192
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry, v61 n14 p1519-1524 Jul
89 See also PB90-100819. Prepared in cooperation
with Georgia Univ., Athens. Dept. of Chemistry.
A pH-dependent, continuous, multiligand model is de-
scribed. It is based on the Gaussian distribution model,
which has been used to describe both binding by
humic substances as well as metal binding by humic
substances. However, the Gaussian distribution model
has never been used to describe the competitive bind-
ing of the metalated and protonated ligand species.
The inclusion of pH dependence should allow one to
predict metal binding constants that are more repre-
sentative of true thermodynamic binding constant
rather than curve-fitting parameters with no chemical
significance. (Copyright (c) 1989 American Chemical
Society-)
Keywords: 'Humus, 'Metal complexes, 'Proton reac-
tions, 'Spectrum analysis, 'Mathematical models,
Thermodynamics, Chemical bonds, pH, Ligands, Envi-
ronmental surveys, Reprints, 'Metal ions, Gaussian
distribution complexation model, Ion probes.
PBM-140781/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
production of Extracellular Nucleic Acid* by Ge-
netically Altered Bacteria In Aquatic-Environment
Microcosm*. Journal article.
University of South Florida, St. Petersburg. Dept. of
Marine Science.
J H. Paul, and A. W. David, c1989, 7p EPA/600/ J-89/
176
Grant NSF-BSR86-01570
Pub In Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v55
n8 d1865-1869 Aug 89. Sponsored by Environmental
Research Lab., Gult Breeze, FL., and National Science
Foundation, Washington, DC.
Factors which affect the production of extracellular
DNA by genetically altered strains of escherichia coli,
pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudomonas cepacia,
and bradyrhizobium japonicum in aquatic environ-
ments were investigated. The presence or absence of
the ambient microbial community had little effect on
the production of extracellular DNA. Results indicate
the extracellular-DNA production by genetically altered
bacteria released into aquatic environments is more
strongly influenced by physiochemical factors than
biotic factors; extracellular-DNA production rates are
usually greater for organisms released in freshwater
than marine environments; and ambient microbial pop-
ulations can readily utilize materials released by these
organisms.
Keywords: 'Deoxyribonucleic acids, "Genetics,
'Pseudomonas, 'Escherichia coli, 'Aquatic microbi-
ology, Mutation, Marine bacteria, Fresh water biology,
Temperature, pH, Reprints, 'Bradyrhizobium.
PB90-140799/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Formation of Cigarette Smoke-Induced DNA Ad-
ducts In the Rat Lung and Nasal Mucosa. Journal
article.
Baylor Coll. of Medicine, Houston, TX. Dept. of Phar-
macology.
R. C. Gupta, M. L. Sopori, and C. G. Gairoia. C1989,7p
EPA/600/J-89/193
Pub. in Cancer Research 49, p1916-1920, 15 Apr 89.
Prepared in cooperation with Lovelace Biomedical and
Environmental Research Inst., Albuquerque, NM., and
Kentucky Univ., Lexington. Sponsored by Health Ef-
fects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The formation of DNA adducts in the nasal, lung, and
liver tissues of rats exposed daily to fresh smoke from
a University of Kentucky reference cigarette (2R1) for
up to 40 weeks was examined. The amount of smoke
total particulate matter (TPM) inhaled and the blood
carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) values averaged 5-5.5 mg
smoke TPM/aay/rat and 5.5%, respectively. The pul-
monary AHH activity measured at the termination of
each experiment showed an average increase of
about two- to threefold in smoke-exposed groups.
These observations suggested that animals effectively
inhaled both gaseous and particulate phase constitu-
ents of cigarette smoke. DNAs from nasal, lung, and
liver tissue were extracted and analyzed by an im-
proved 32P-postlabeling procedure. The data demon-
strates the DNA-damaging potential of long term fresh
cigarette smoke exposure and suggest the ability of
the tissue to partially recover from such damage fol-
lowing cessation of the exposure.
Keywords: 'Deoxyribonucleic acids, 'Smoking, 'Lung,
'Liver, Rats, Respiration, Exposure, Blood, Reprints,
*DNA adducts, 'Nasal mucosa, DNA damage, Dose-
response relationships, Carboxyhemoglobin.
PB90-140807/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Factors Influencing Discrimination between In-
secticide-Treated and Untreated Foods by North-
ern Bobwhite. Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
R. S. Bennett. C1989,11p EPA/600/J-89/195
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 18, p697-7051989.
Tests were conducted to determine at what dietary
concentrations northern bobwhite (Colinus vfrginianus)
chicks (14 days old) could discriminate between pesti-
cide-treated and untreated food using an organophos-
phate (OP) insecticide, parethion, and two carba-
mates, carbofuran and methiocarb. Results from suba-
cute dietary LC50 tests (one feeder of treated food per
cage) were compared to tests where birds were pre-
sented with two feeders (one treated, one untreated,
9:1). In all tests, mortality was inversely related to total
food consumption. No relationship was found between
mortality and the amount of active ingredient ingested/
bird/day. Consequently, mortality was more a function
of ability to locate untreated feeders than amount of
chemical ingested. When alternative food choices
exist, vulnerability to poisoning can be influenced by
the number and relative abundance of those choices,
as well as the bird's ability to detect the chemical.
Keywords: 'Feeding stuffs, 'Discrimination, 'Insecti-
cides, 'Food contamination, Feeders, Mortality, Car-
bamates, Lethal dosage, Reprints, 'Colinus virgin-
ianus, Parathion.
PB90-140815/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Townsville
(Australia).
Coccldian Parasites (Apicomplexa: Eucoccldor-
Ida) In Hardy Head Fish, 'Atherinomorus caprlcor-
nensis' (Woodland). Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
M. L. Kent, M. Moser, and J. W. Fournie. C1989,7p
EPA/600/J-89/172
Pub. in Jnl. of Fish Diseases, v12 n2 p179-183 1989.
Prepared in cooperation with Battelle Pacific North-
west Labs., Sequim, WA. Marine Research Lab., and
California Univ., Santa Cruz. Long Marine Lab. Spon-
sored by Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority,
Townsville (Australia).
The report describes coccidian merozoites (asexual
stages) in the exocrine pancreas and oocysts in the
gut epithelium of hardy heads, Atherinomorus capri-
cornensis (Woodland) (family Atherinidae) collected at
Heron Island, Queensland, Australia, during the pre-
ICOPA (International Congress of Parasitology) work-
shop held 16-24 August 1986. Examination ofthe pan-
creatic merozoites by electron microscopy revealed
conoids, micronemes and rhoptries which are unique
to the phylum Apicomplexa. As many as four individ-
uals were observed within a single host cell. Although
it was usually not possible to determine the type of cell
infected, some were intact enough to be identified as
pancreatic acinar cells. No parasites undergoing multi-
ple synchronous fission (schizogony) were observed,
but dividing pairs attached at the posterior end were
frequently seen. Because of inadequate fixation, de-
tection of sporocyst sutures or Stieda bodies in the oo-
cysts by electron microscopy were not possible.
Keywords: 'Parasites, 'Pancreas gland, Animal physi-
ology, Cells(Biology), Epithelium, Marine fishes, Elec-
tron microscopy, Reprints, 'Atherinomorus capricoc-
nensis, 'Apicomplexa eucoccidorida, Host-parasite re-
lations.
PB90-140823/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Turnover of Extracellular DNA In Eutrophlc and
Ollgotrophlc Freshwater Environments of South-
west Florida. Journal article.
University of South Florida, St. Petersburg. Dept. of
Marine Science.
J. H. Paul, W. H. Jeffrey, A. W. David, M. F. DeFlaun,
and L. H. Cazares. C1989,8p EPA/600/J-89/175
Grant NSF-BSR86-01570
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v55
n7 p1823-1828 Jul 89. Sponsored by Environmental
Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL., and National Science
Foundation, Washington, DC.
Turnover of extracellular DNA was investigated in oli-
gotrophy springs of the Crystal River ana the eutro-
phic Medard Reservoir of southwest Florida. The
Medard Reservoir possessed large populations of bac-
terioplankton and phytoplankton (6.8 x 10 sup 9 cells
per liter and 28.6 micrograms of chlorophyll a per liter,
respectively), while the Crystal River springs only con-
tained a fraction of the microbial biomass found in the
Medard Reservoir. The results indicate that regardless
of trophic status or microbial standing stock, extracel-
lular DNA turns over rapidly in subtropical planktonic
freshwater environments. Therefore, recombinant
DNA sequences from released genetically engineered
microorganisms might not be expected to survive for
long penods of time in freshwater planktonic environ-
ments. (Copyright (c) 1989 American Society for
Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Deoxyribonucleic acids, 'Fresh water,
'Genetics, Water microbiology, Plankton, Florida, Bio-
mass, Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), Aquatic microbi-
ology, Reprints, 'Extracellular matrix, 'Genetic engi-
neenng, Chlorophyll, Base sequence.
PB90-140831 /HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Oral Toxicity of 1,2-Dlchloropropane: Acute,
Short-Term, and Long-Term Studies In Rata. Jour-
nal article.
Georgia Univ., Athens. Dept. of Pharmacology and
Toxicology.
J. V. Bruckner, W. F. MacKenzie, R. Ramanathan, S.
Muralidhara, and H. J. Kim. c1989,20p EPA/600/ J-
89/194
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, v12 n4
p713-730 1989. Presented at Annual Meeting of the
Society of Toxicology (25th), New Orleans, LA., March
1986 and at Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicol-
ogy (26th), Washington, DC., February 1987. Prepared
in cooperation with Experimental Pathology Labs.,
Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC. Sponsored by
Health Effects Research Lab., Research T
The investigation characterized the acute and short-
and long-term toxic potency of orally administered 1,2-
dichloropropane (DCP). In the acute and short-term
studies, male rats of 250-300 g were gavaged with 0,
100, 250, 500, or 1000 mg DCP/kg in corn oil once
daily for up to 10 consecutive days. Although ingestion
of DCP caused body weight loss and CNS depression,
few other toxic effects were manifest 24 hr after a
single dose of the chemical. Morphological changes
were limited to liver centrilobular cells in 500 and 1000
mg/kg rats. Similarly, elevated activity of some serum
enzymes occurred only at these two highest dose
levels. Hepatic nonprotein sulfhydryl (NPS) levels were
decreased and renal NPS levels increased at 24 hr. In
the short-term study resistance developed to DCP he-
patotoxicity over the 10 consecutive days of exposure,
as reflected by progressively lower serum enzyme
levels and by decreases in the severity and incidence
of toxic hepatitis and periportal vacuolization. Nucleo-
lar enlargement in hepatocytes, however, was ob-
served at all dosage levels at 5 and 10 days. There
were a number of manifestations of hemolytic anemia,
including erythrophagocytosis in the liver, splenic he-
mosiderosis and hyperplasia of erythropoietic ele-
ments of the red pulp, renal tubular cell hemosiderosis,
and hyperbilirubinemia.
Keywords: "Toxicity, Spleen, Rats, Pathology,
Tables(Data), Photographs, Anemias, Blood serums,
Liver, Survival, Reproductive system, Blood chemical
analysis, Enzymes, Kidney, Reprints, "Dichloropro-
pane, "Oral administration, Dose-response relation-
ships, Liver microsomes, Organ weight.
PB90-140849/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Anaerobic Transformation of Phenol to Benzoate
via 'para'-Carboxylatlon: Use of Fluorlnated Ana-
logues to Elucidate the Mechanism of Transfor-
mation. Journal article.
Technical Resources, Inc., Gulf Breeze, FL.
B. R. S. Genthner, G. T. Townsend, and P. J.
Chapman. C1989,10p EPA/600/J-89/173
Contract EPA-68-03-3479
Pub. in Biochemical and Biophysical Research Com-
munications, v162 n3 P945-951 1989. Sponsored by
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Formation of benzoate from phenol and C02 in
sewage sludge when H2 was present was recently re-
ported. While investigating anaerobic degradation of
monochlorophenols, the conversion of phenol to ben-
zoate after reductive dechlorination ana before miner-
alization to C02 and CH4 was observed. Isomeric
fluorophenols were used as phenol analogues to in-
vestigate the transformation of phenol to benzoate by
an anaerobic, phenol-degrading consortium derived
from freshwater sediment. Transformation of 2-fluoro-
phenol and 3-fluorophenol occurred in the presence or
absence of phenol and led to the accumulation of
fluorobenzoic acids. Identification of the resulting fluor-
obenzoate products as 3-fluorobenzoate and 2-fluoro-
benzoate isomers, respectively, together with the non-
transformation of 4-fluorophenol indicated that the car-
boxyl group was introduced para to the phenolic hy-
droxyl group. (Copyright (c) 1989 by Academic Press,
Inc.)
Keywords: 'Anaerobic processes, "Benzoates, "Car-
boxylation, "Biodeterioration, Phenols, Chromatogra-
phic analysis, Stereochemistry, Mass spectroscopy,
Reprints, "Chemical reaction mechanisms, "Sewage
sludge, Tracer studies, Benzoic acid/fluoro, Phenol/
fluoro.
PB90-140858/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Multiple Equilibria In Modeling Open-Lake Algal
Dynamics. Journal article.
Butler Univ., Indianapolis, IN. Holcomb Research Inst.
P. Sharma, and E. H. Dettmann. c1989,16p EPA/600/
J-89/181
Pub. in Mathl. Comput. Modelling, v12 n2 p227-240
1989. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.,
Narragansett, Rl.
The study examines the apparent bifurcation phenom-
ena and associated multiple stable states among sev-
eral of the variables in an aquatic ecosystem. The
study and the proposed catastrophe model should be
viewed as limited to shallow aquatic ecosystems with
no thermal stratification. At certain nutrient loading
thresholds, algal dynamics in such lakes are found to
undergo major changes over short periods of time.
The study focuses on a theoretical model comprising 3
nonlinear, coupled ordinary differential equations with
11 parameters. The equations for the biomass compo-
nents of the system take into consideration biological
interactions, but make no assumptions for the conser-
vation of mass. Thus, the model differs from well-es-
tablished lake ecosystem simulation models. (Copy-
right (c) 1989 Pergamon Press pic.)
Keywords: "Algae, 'Mathematical models, Lakes, Lim-
nology, Simulation, Biomass, Equilibrium, Reprints,
"Aquatic ecosystems, Applied mathematics,
Branching(Mathematics).
PB90-140864/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Dynamic Studies of Naphthalene Sorption on Soli
from Aqueous Solution. Journal article.
SRI International, Menlo Park, CA. Physical Chemistry
Dept.
R. T. Podoll, K. C. Irwin, and H. M. J. Parish. c1989,
16p EPA/600/J-89/184
Grant EPA-R-810755
Pub. Chemosphere, v18 n11-12 p2399-2412 Aug 89.
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
The thermodynamics and kinetics of naphthalene
sorption from water on soil were examined over the
temperature range of 15 C to 50 C. To test the hydro-
phobic model and to better understand adsorption
thermodynamics and kinetics, the authors conducted
flow sorption equilibrium and kinetic experiments over
a range of temperatures for naphthalene sorption from
water. Naphthalene was chosen because its aqueous
solubility has been measured accurately over an ap-
propriate range of temperatures (5), and thus adsorp-
tion thermodynamics can be better understood. Flow
sorption methods were developed for examining the
temperature dependence and reversibility of sorption.
A gas purge desorption technique was used to exam-
ine desorption kinetics.
Keywords: "Naphthalene, "Soil surveys, "Adsorption,
Thermodynamics, Reaction kinetics, Water, Tempera-
ture, Thermodynamic equilibrium, Sorption, Reprints,
Land pollution.
PB90-140872/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Behavior of Double Geonet Drainage Systems.
Final rept.
Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA. Geosynthetic Research
Inst.
R. M. Koerner, and B. L. Hwu. C1989,9p EPA/600/J-
89/131
Grant EPA-R-813953
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
Geonets have become a popular component of leak
detection systems at surface impoundments, waste
piles, landfills and heap leach systems. They provide a
reasonable alternative to gravel drainage designs
which become costly when large quantities of leachate
are anticipated. The paper examines the potential in-
crease in in-plane flow by placing two layers of geonet
materials atop one another. The increase in flow was
measured for three different cross sections: Geomem-
brane overlain by double geonets overlain by geo-
membrane; geomembrane overlain by double geonets
overlain by geotextile and sand; geomembrane over-
lain by double geonets overlain by geotextile and clay.
The effect of soil intrusion was studied on the applica-
ble cross sections. Compressive strength of double
geonets were studied to determine the limits of appli-
cability, and shear testing was performed to evaluate
constructability and stability.
Keywords: "Surface drainage, 'Materials tests, 'Poly-
mers, 'Fabrics, Mechanical properties, Earth fills.
Shear tests, Soil stability, Compressive strength,
Leaching, Performance evaluation.
PB90-140880/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Large-Scale Preparation of Potassium Hydroxhto-
Modified Silica Gel Adsorbent Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Narragansett, Newport,
OR. Mark O. Hatfield Marine Science Center.
J. A. Lebo, J. L. Zajicek, T. W. May, and L. M. Smith.
C1989, 6p EPA/600/J-89/182
Pub. in Jnl. of the Association of Official Analytical
Chemists, v72 n2 p371-373 1989. Prepared in coop-
eration with National Fisheries Contaminant Research
Center, Columbia, MO.
A large-scaled method, using custom-made appara-
tus, is described for making potassium hydroxide-
modified silica gel. Batches as large as 2.3 kg can be
made in 16 man-hours. A smaller-scale version of the
method, requiring no specialized apparatus, is also de-
scribed. The method can be used to integrate this ad-
sorbent into many sample-enrichment procedures.
Many environmental contaminants of worldwide inter-
est (e.g., polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromat-
ic hydrocarbons, chlorinated dibenzodioxins and di-
benzofurans, and many organochlorine pesticides)
can be eluted from potassium silicate (KS).
Keywords: "Chemical analysis, 'Potassium silicates,
"Adsorbents, Environmental surveys, Chromatogra-
phic analysis. Separation, Potassium hydroxides, Silica
gel, Laboratory equipment, Chemical engineering, Re-
prints, 'Chemical preparation, Small systems.
PB90-140898/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Polychlorinated Dlbenzo-p-DloxIns and Dlbenzo-
furans in Selected Estuarlne Sediments. Journal
article.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
C. B. Norwood, M. Hackett, R. J. Pruell, B. C.
Butterworth, and K. J. Williamson. c1989,10p EPA/
600/J-89/180, ERLN-849
Pub. in Chemosphere, v18 n1-6 p553-560 1989. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Oregon State Univ., Corval-
lis, and Wisconsin Univ.-Superior. Center for Lake Su-
perior Environmental Studies.
Biosignificant polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins
(PCDDs) and diobenzofurans (PCDFs) were found in
estuarine sediments. When these isomer distributions
are displayed on a log scale, comparisons of various
estuarlne sediments reveal significant differences.
Principal components analyses display clusters which
suggest relationships with different source materials.
PCB contaminated sediments have elevated levels of
PCDFs.
Keywords: "Sediments, 'Estuaries, Furans,
Concentrations(Composition), Isomerization, Statisti-
cal analysis, Sources, Reprints, 'Polychlorinated di-
benzodioxins, "Polychlorinated dibenzofurans, 'Water
pollution sampling, Sediment water interfaces, Biologi-
cal accumulation, Polychlorinated biphenyls.
PB90-140906/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada.
OK.
Nonaqulllbrlum Sorption during Displacement el
Hydrophobic Organic Chemicals and (45)Ca
through Soil Columns with Aqueous and Mixed
Solvents. Journal article.
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Soil Science.
P. Nkedi-Kizza, M. L. Brusseau, P. S. C. Rao, and A G
Hornsby. C1989,8p EPA/600/J-89/183
Grant EPA-R-811144
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v23
n7 p814-820 Jul 89. Sponsored by Robert S. Ken- Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
A series of miscible displacement experiments was
conducted to investigate the significance of intraor-
ganic matter diffusion as the rate-limiting step in sorp-
tion of organic and inorganic solutes during steady
water flow in soil columns. Displacement studies were
performed using Eustis surface soil and the same ton
treated with hydrogen peroxide to reduce soil organic
carbon content from 0.2% to <0.01 %. Two herbicides
(diuron and atrazine) were also displaced with binary
solvent mixtures containing varying fractions of metha-
nol and water (0-50% methanol). A bi-continuum non-
equilibrium sorption model was used to simulate tha
measured effluent breakthrough curves obtained by si-
multaneous displacement of a nonadsorbed tracer (m.
tiated water), an organic solute (herbicide), and a
metal cation ((45)Ca). (Copyright (c) 1989 American
Chemical Society.)
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Soil chemistry, "Organic compounds,
'Solvents, Water pollution, Herbicides, Calcium, Ca-
tions, Transport properties, Diffusion, Experimental
design, Numerical analysis, Mass transfer, Reaction Ki-
netics, Reprints, "Environmental transport, "Land pol-
lution.
PB90-141003/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
N on point Sources: Agenda (or the Future.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of the Assistant Administrator for Water.
Jan 89,35p* WH-556
In 1987, Congress shifted from fifteen years of non-
point source (NPS) pollution planning and problem
Identification (1972-1987) to a new National NPS
action program. The Act placed special emphasis on
NPS by moving the provision from Title II (Grants for
Construction of Treatment Works) into Title III (Stand-
ards and Enforcement), and by strengthening the
basic Declaration of Goals and Policy in 101(a) of the
Clean Water Act. The law and its legislative history ex-
pressed the intent that Federal and state governments
should develop new Institutional arrangements and
come up with a better division of roles and responsibil-
ities to get the job done. Consistent with 319, States
are completing their assessments and management
programs, which, after EPA review and approval, will
serve as the cornerstone of the National NPS program
in the years to come. This National NPS Agenda forms
the framework for the National NPS program over the
next five years, and will be supplemented by annual
EPA work programs that provide additional, detailed
information.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, "Law enforce-
ment, 'Water pollution control, Water pollution abate-
ment Forecasting, National government, State gov-
ernment, Local government, Public relations, Manage-
ment planning, 'Nonpoint sources, 'Water pollution
Standards, Clean Water Act, Water Quality Act of
1987, Interagency cooperation, Pollution regulations,
Standards compliance, Environment management.
PB9O-141029/HSU	PC A15/MF A02
Federal Facilities Compliance Strategy.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Federal Activities.
NOV 88,328p* EPA/130/4-89/003
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) be-
lieves that Federal agencies have an inherent obliga-
tion to comply with all Federal environmental statutes
in the same manner and degree as all other regulated
entities. To help achieve this goal, EPA has developed
a new Federal Facilities Compliance Strategy which
establishes a comprehensive and proactive approach
to achieving compliance at Federal facilities. The doc-
ument provides the basic framework and consistent
guidelines for all EPA media programs (e.g., air, water,
hazardous waste, etc.) to follow in their compliance
and enforcement activities at Federal facilities. It also
attempts to reconcile EPA's dual responsibilities to
provide technical assistance and advice to Federal fa-
cjHttes pursuant to Executive Order No. 12088, and the
statutory authorities to take enforcement actions for
violations at Federal facilities in appropriate circum-
stances.
Keywords: Management, Government policies, 'Fed-
eral agencies, Environmental legislation, Compliance,
Enforcement, US EPA, Pollution control.
PB90-141227/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park NC. Control Technology Center.
Surface Impoundment Modeling System (SIMS),
User's Manual.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
S Watkins. Sep 89,40p EPA/SW/DK-90/009A,.
cpA/450/4-89/013A
Contract EPA-68-02-4378
For system on diskette, see PB90-501115. See also
PB90-141235. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Control
Technology Center.
Surface Impoundments are used to treat, store, and
jnyna of waste water generated by facilities in many
SKent industries. The surface Impoundment Model-
ma System (SIMS) is a personal computer based pro-
gram designed to estimate the air emissions from sur-
face impoundments. The emission estimates are
based on mass transfer models developed by the
Emissions Standards Division (ESD) of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) during the evaluation
of hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal
facilities (TSDF's). SIMS allows the user to specify all
required inputs to these emission models when this in-
formation is available, or when only limited information
is available, provides default values for most of the
model inputs. The manual presents a complete refer-
ence for all of the features and commands in SIMS.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Emission, 'User
manuals(Computer programs), Waste treatment, Com-
puter programs, Mathematical models, Surface im-
poundments.
PB90-141235/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Control Technology Center.
Background Document for the Surface Impound-
ment Modeling System (SIMS).
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
S. Watkins. Sep 89,184p EPA/SW/DK-EPA/450/4,,
90/009B-89/013B
Contract EPA-68-02-4378
For system on diskette, see PB90-501115. See also
PB90-141227. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Control
Technology Center.
Surface impoundments are used to treat, store, and
dispose of waste water generated by facilities in many
different industries. The Surface Impoundment Model-
ing System (SIMS) is a personal computer based pro-
gram designed to estimate the air emissions from sur-
face impoundments. The emission estimates are
based on mass transfer models developed by the
Emissions Standards Division (ESD) of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) during the evaluation
of hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal
facilities (TSDF's). SIMS allows the user to specify all
required inputs to these emission models when the in-
formation is available, or when only limited information
is available, provides default values for most of the
model inputs. The manual presents a complete refer-
ence for all of the features and commands in SIMS.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Emission, Mathematical
models, Waste treatment, Documentation, Surface im-
poundment.
PB90-141243/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Radon Risks: Attitudes, Perceptions and Actions.
Risk Communication Series. Final rept.
Stockholm School of Economics (Sweden).
L. Sjoeberg. Aug 89,106p* EPA/230/04-89/049
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Policy, Planning and Eval-
uation.
As many as 8 million homes In the United States may
have elevated radon levels, with accompanying lung
cancer risks several orders of magnitude higher than
for most other environmental risks. The U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Program (EPA) does not have clear
regulatory authority over radon, so has relied on an in-
formation program. Less than 5% of homes have been
tested, which is disappointing from a public health
stance. The report summarizes the available research
on communicating about the risk from radon from the
perspective of a psychologist. The research results are
critiqued to draw practical conclusions for radon policy
and suggest the most important topics for further risk
communication research.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Risk, 'Public health, 'Communi-
cations management, Information services, Percep-
tion, Attitudes, Mass communication. Information
processing(Psychology), 'Information sources, Toxic
substances, Case studies.
PM0-1412S2/H8U	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Communicating Effectively About Risk Magni-
tudes. Phase 1. Final rept.
Rutgers - The State Univ., New Brunswick, NJ.
N. D. Weinstein, P. M. Sandman, and N. E. Roberts.
Sep 89,117p* EPA/230/08-08/064
Grant EPA-R-814506
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Policy, Planning ana Eval-
uation.
The research tests 7 alternative ways of communicat-
ing about the magnitude of risks and the changes in
risk that can be achieved by an individual's mitigating
actions. The technique uses 4-page information leaf-
lets, accompanied by self-administered mail question-
naires. Two example risks, radon and asbestos, were
used to give a context to the expression of risk magni-
tudes. All formats yielded expected perceptions about
the relative risk of readings for that hazard. However,
people with the same size readings for asbestos as
those receiving radon readings reacted by saying the
asbestos risk at that level has about the same degree
of seriousness as reported by those receiving the cor-
responding radon reading. This occurred even though
a given radon reading is associated with a risk 25 times
larger than the same reading for asbestos. Based on
the results, the authors provide tentative recommen-
dations for communicating about environmental risks.
Keywords: "Risk, "Public health, "Communications
management, Information services, Perception, Atti-
tudes, Mass communication, Information
processing(Psychology), Asbestos, Radon, "Informa-
tion sources, Toxic substances.
PB90-142357/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Styrene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Aug 89, 70p* EPA/600/8-88/054
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in the assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systemic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer is
not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or subch-
ronic reference dose, is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs during a limited time inter-
val. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure level that
would not be expected to cause adverse effects when
exposure occurs for a significant portion of the life-
span.
Keywords: "Styrene, 'Hazardous materials. 'Industrial
hygiene, "Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, As-
sessments, Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Labo-
ratory animals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical
analysis, Sampling, Sources, Transport properties,
Ecology, "Occupational safety and health, 'Toxic sub-
stances, "Environmental health, Pharmacokinetics,
Path of pollutants.
PB90-14236S/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for 2,4,5-Trlchk>ro-
phenoxy Acetic Acid (2,4,5-T).
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Aug 89, 49p* EPA/600/8-88/058
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in the assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been eatimat-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ed for systemic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer is
not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or subch-
ronic reference dose, is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs during a limited time inter-
val. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure level that
would not be expected to cause adverse effects when
exposure occurs for a significant portion of the life-
span.
Keywords: 'Acetic acid, 'Hazardous materials, 'Indus-
trial hygiene, 'Toxicology, "Environmental surveys,
Assessments, Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens,
Laboratory animals, Water pollution, Air pollution,
Chemical analysis, Sampling, Sources, Transport
properties, Ecology, "Occupational safety and health,
'Toxic substances, 'Environmental health, Pharmaco-
kinetics, Path of pollutants, Trichlorophenoxy, Tetrach-
lorodibenzo-p-dioxin.
PB90-142373/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Updated Health Effects Assessment for Acetone.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Apr 86,32p* EPA/600/8-89/085
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in the assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systemic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer is
not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or subch-
ronic reference dose, is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs during a limited time inter-
val. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure level that
would not be expected to cause adverse effects when
exposure occurs for a significant portion of the life-
span.
Keywords: 'Acetone, 'Hazardous materials, "Industri-
al hygiene, "Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, As-
sessments, Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Labo-
ratory animals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical
analysis, Sampling, Sources, Transport properties,
Ecology, "Occupational safety and health, "Toxic sub-
stances, 'Environmental health, Pharmacokinetics,
Path of pollutants.
PB90-142381/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Benzene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Aug 89,67p* EPA/600/8-69/086
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in the assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systemic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer is
not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or subch-
ronic reference dose, is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs during a limited time inter-
val. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure level that
would not be expected to cause adverse effects when
exposure occurs for a significant portion of the life-
span.
Keywords: "Benzenes, "Hazardous materials, "Indus-
trial hygiene, "Toxicology, "Environmental surveys,
Assessments, Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens,
Laboratory animals, Water pollution, Air pollution,
Chemical analysis, Sampling, Sources, Transport
properties, Ecology, "Occupational safety and health,
"Toxic substances, "Environmental health, Pharmaco-
kinetics, Path of pollutants.
PB90-142399/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Cadmium.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Aug 88,60p* EPA/600/8-89/087
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in the assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systemic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer is
not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or subch-
ronic reference dose, is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not bis expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs during a limited time inter-
val. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure level that
would not be expected to cause adverse effects when
exposure occurs for a significant portion of the life-
span.
Keywords: "Cadmium, "Hazardous materials, "Indus-
trial hygiene, "Toxicology, "Environmental surveys,
Assessments, Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens,
Laboratory animals, Water pollution, Air pollution,
Chemical analysis, Sampling, Sources, transport
properties, Ecology, "Occupational safety and health,
"Toxic substances, 'Environmental health, Pharmaco-
kinetics, Path of pollutants.
PB90-142407/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Carbon Tetrachlo-
ride.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Aug 89,54p* EPA/600/8-69/088
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in the assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systemic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer is
not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or subch-
ronic reference dose, is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not bis expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs during a limited time inter-
val. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure level that
would not be expected to cause adverse effects when
exposure occurs for a significant portion of the life-
span.
Keywords: "Carbon tetrachloride, 'Hazardous materi-
als, "Industrial hygiene, "Toxicology, 'Environmental
surveys, Assessments, Exposure, Carcinogens, Muta-
gens, Laboratory animals, Water pollution, Air pollu-
tion, Chemical analysis, Sampling, Sources, Transport
properties, Ecology, 'Occupational safety and health,
"Toxic substances, 'Environmental health, Pharmaco-
kinetics, Path of pollutants.
PB90-142415/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Chlordane.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jul 88,44p* EPA/60Q/8-89/089
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in the assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systemic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer is
not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or subch-
ronic reference dose, is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs during a limited time inter-
val. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure level that
would not be expected to cause adverse effects when
exposure occurs for a significant portion of the life-
span.
Keywords: "Chlordane, 'Hazardous materials, 'Indus-
trial hygiene, 'Toxicology, 'Environmental surveys.
Assessments, Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens,
Laboratory animals, Water pollution, Air pollution.
Chemical analysis, Sampling, Sources, Transport
properties, Ecology, "Occupational safety and health,
"Toxic substances, "Environmental health, Pharmaco-
kinetics, Path of pollutants.
PB90-142423/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Chloroform.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Apr 88,48p* EPA/600/8-89/090
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and RemwJial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in the assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systemic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer is
not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or subch-
ronic reference dose, is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs during a limited time inter-
val. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure level that
would not be expected to cause adverse effects when
exposure occurs for a significant portion of the life-
span.
Keywords: 'Chloroform, 'Hazardous materials, 'In-
dustrial hygiene, 'Toxicology, 'Environmental surveys
Assessments, Exposure, Carcinogens. Mutagens!
Laboratory animals, Water pollution, Air pollution!
			 —'	Sources, Tranaport
!'9i ** health,
latth, Pharmaoo-
bauuiaiuijf 				»b««i fw
Chemical analysis, Sampling, 	, .
properties, Ecology, 'Occupational safety and heath'
'Toxic substances, 'Environmental her"'-
kinetics, Path of pollutants.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-142431/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for DDT.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Nov 88, 58p* EPA/600/8-89/091
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in the assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systemic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer is
not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or subch-
ronic reference dose, is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs during a limited time inter-
val. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure level that
would not be expected to cause adverse effects when
exposure occurs for a significant portion of the life-
span.
Keywords: *DDT, 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial
hygiene, 'Toxicology, 'Environmental surveys, As-
sessments, Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Labo-
ratory animals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical
analysis, Sampling, Sources, Transport properties,
Ecology, 'Occupational safety and health, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Environmental health, Pharmacokinetics,
Path of pollutants.
PB90-142449/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Methylene Chlo-
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Aug 89, 73p* EPA-600/8-B9/092
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
!(299° for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in the assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systemic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer is
not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or subch-
ronic reference dose, is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs during a limited time Inter-
val The RfD Is an estimate of an exposure level that
would not be expected to cause adverse effects when
exposure occurs for a significant portion of the life-
span.
Keywords: 'Chloromethanes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Industrial hygiene, 'Toxicology, 'Environmental sur-
veys, Assessments, Exposure, Carcinogens, Muta-
gens' Laboratory animals, Water pollution, Air pollu-
flon Chemical analysis, Sampling, Sources, Transport
oroperties, Ecology, 'Occupational safety and health,
"tcoSc substances, 'Environmental health, Pharmaco-
kinetics, Path of pollutants.
PMO-142466/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Methyl Ethyl
Ketone.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
utonmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
FW> 89,31p* EPA/600/8-89/093
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in the assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemicai(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systemic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer is
not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or subch-
ronic reference dose, is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs during a limited time inter-
val. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure level that
would not be expected to cause adverse effects when
exposure occurs for a significant portion of the life-
span.
Keywords: 'Methyl ethyl ketone, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'industrial hygiene, 'Toxicology, 'Environmental
surveys, Assessments, Exposure, Carcinogens, Muta-
gens, Laboratory animals, Water pollution, Air pollu-
tion, Chemical analysis, Sampling, Sources, Transport
properties, Ecology, 'Occupational safety and health,
'Toxic substances, 'Environmental health, Pharmaco-
kinetics, Path of pollutants.
PB90-142464/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Naphthalene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
May 88, 35p* EPA/600/8-89/094
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in the assessments is to sug-
est acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
ata are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systemic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer is
not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or subch-
ronic reference dose, is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs during a limited time inter-
val. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure level that
would not be expected to cause adverse effects when
exposure occurs for a significant portion of the life-
span.
Keywords: 'Naphthalene, 'Hazardous materials, 'In-
dustrial hygiene, 'Toxicology, 'Environmental surveys,
Assessments, Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens,
Laboratory animals, Water pollution, Air pollution,
Chemical analysis, Sampling, Sources, Transport
properties, Ecology, 'Occupational safety and health,
'Toxic substances, 'Environmental health, Pharmaco-
kinetics, Path of pollutants.
PB90-142472/H8U	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Phenol.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jul 89,36p* EPA/600/8-89/095
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents In pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in the assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systemic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer is
not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or subch-
ronic reference dose, is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs during a limited time inter-
val. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure level that
would not be expected to cause adverse effects when
exposure occurs for a significant portion of the life-
span.
Keywords: 'Phenols, 'Hazardous materials, 'Industri-
al hygiene, 'Toxicology, 'Environmental surveys. As-
sessments, Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Labo-
ratory animals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical
analysis. Sampling, Sources, Transport properties,
Ecology, 'Occupational safety and health, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Environmental health, Pharmacokinetics,
Path of pollutants.
PB90-142480/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Tetrachloroethy-
lene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Feb 88,61 p* EPA/600/8-89/096
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in the assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systemic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer is
not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or subch-
ronic reference dose, is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs during a limited time inter-
val. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure level that
would not be expected to cause adverse effects when
exposure occurs for a significant portion of the life-
span.
Keywords: 'Tetrachloroethylene, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'Industrial hygiene, 'Toxicology, 'Environmental
surveys, Assessments, Exposure, Carcinogens, Muta-
gens, Laboratory animals, Water pollution, Air pollu-
tion, Chemical analysis, Sampling, Sources, Transport
properties, Ecology, 'Occupational safety and health,
'Toxic substances, 'Environmental health, Pharmaco-
kinetics, Path of pollutants.
PB90-142498/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Trichtoroe thy tone.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Feb 88,77p* EPA/600/8-89/097
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in the assessments is to sug-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systemic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer is
not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or subch-
ronic reference dose, is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs during a limited time inter-
val. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure level that
would not be expected to cause adverse effects when
exposure occurs for a significant portion of the life-
span.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Industrial hygiene,
'Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, Assessments,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical analysis,
Sampling, Sources, Transport properties, Ecology,
"Occupational safety and health, "Toxic substances,
"Environmental health, "Trichloroethylene, Pharmaco-
kinetics, Path of pollutants.
PB90-142506/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Assessment for Xylenes.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Aug 89, 52p* EPA/600/8-89/098
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health effects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in the assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systemic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer is
not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or subch-
ronic reference dose, is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs during a limited time inter-
val. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure level that
would not be expected to cause adverse effects when
exposure occurs for a significant portion of the life-
span.
Keywords: "Xylenes, "Hazardous materials, "Industrial
hygiene, "Toxicology, "Environmental surveys, As-
sessments, Exposure, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Labo-
ratory animals, Water pollution, Air pollution, Chemical
analysis, Sampling, Sources, Transport properties,
Ecology, "Occupational safety and health, "Toxic sub-
stances, "Environmental health, Pharmacokinetics,
Path of pollutants.
PB90-142S14/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effect* Assessment for Chlorobenzene.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 89,47p" EPA/600/8-89/099
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY.
The report summarizes and evaluates information rele-
vant to a preliminary interim assessment of adverse
health eflects associated with specific chemicals or
compounds. The Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response (Superfund) uses these documents in pre-
paring cost-benefit analyses under Executive Order
12991 for decision-making under CERCLA. All esti-
mates of acceptable intakes and carcinogenic potency
presented in the document should be considered as
preliminary and reflect limited resources allocated to
the project. The intent in the assessments is to sug-
gest acceptable exposure levels whenever sufficient
data are available. The interim values presented re-
flect the relative degree of hazard associated with ex-
posure or risk to the chemical(s) addressed. Whenever
possible, two categories of values have been estimat-
ed for systemic toxicants (toxicants for which cancer is
not the endpoint of concern). The first, RfDS or subch-
ronic reference dose, is an estimate of an exposure
level that would not be expected to cause adverse ef-
fects when exposure occurs during a limited time inter-
val. The RfD is an estimate of an exposure level that
would not be expected to cause adverse effects when
exposure occurs for a significant portion of the life-
span.
Keywords: "Chlorobenzenes, "Hazardous materials,
"Industrial hygiene, "Toxicology, "Environmental sur-
veys, Assessments, Exposure, Carcinogens, Muta-
gens, Laboratory animals, Water pollution. Air pollu-
tion, Chemical analysis, Sampling, Sources, Transport
properties, Ecology, "Occupational safety and health,
"Toxic substances, "Environmental health, Pharmaco-
kinetics, Path of pollutants.
PB80-142597/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Green Bay/Fox River Mass Balance Study. Execu-
tive Summary. Rept. for 1988-90.
Science Applications International Corp., McLean, VA.
Aug 89,24p EPA/905/8-89/002,, GLNPO-07/89
Contract EPA-68-04-5041
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Chi-
cago, IL. Great Lakes National Program Office.
Mass balancing of all direct and indirect multiple
sources, pathways, and sinks of toxic contaminants
can provide a knowledge base for adequate control
and management of the Great Lakes Basin. The
Green Bay/Pox River Mass Balance Study is a major
coordination of environmental research activities
among some eleven State and Federal agencies to
measure major loads and the fate and movements of
PCBs, dieldrin, cadmium, and lead in and out of the
Green Bay/Fox River ecosystem. In the period be-
tween August 1988 and September 1989, measure-
ments of Bottom sediments, Bay-Lake exchange, at-
mospheric deposition, tributary loads, biota, etc., will
be made; analysis will be carried out through June
1990,	with the final report scheduled of September
1991.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Water pollution, "Green Bay,
"Fox River, Sediments, Sediment transport, Benthos,
Management, Atmospheric composition, Deposition,
Organic compounds, Metals, Mass balance, Ecosys-
tems, Tributaries, Heavy metals.
PB90-142753/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Review and Evaluation of Area Source Dispersion
Algorithms for Emission Sources at Superfund
Site*. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
J. S. Touma. Nov 89,124p EPA/450/4-89/020
Contract EPA-68-02-4399
Prepared in cooperation with TRC Environmental Con-
sultants, Inc., East Hartford, CT.
The report examines air quality dispersion modeling al-
gorithms and related technical issues associated with
estimating ambient concentrations from area sources
at Superfund sites. The report describes the area
source emission characteristics associated with Su-
perfund sites and provides a review of existing, avail-
able techniques for modeling area sources. It also de-
scribes the results of applying five short-term and
three long-term area source models to a number of ex-
ample applications and one field data base in order to
compare the magnitude of concentration predictions
and test whether concentration estimates are consist-
ent with mathematical and physical principles. The
report provides conclusions and recommendations.
Keywords: "Atmospheric diffusion, "Hazardous mate-
rials, "Mathematical models, Reviews, Sources, Waste
disposal, Algorithms, Earth fills, Lagoons(Ponds),
Physical	properties,	Meteorology,
Concentration(Compoaition), Comparison, 'Air quality,
"Superfund program, "Environmental transport, "Air
pollution sampling.
P09O-142837/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Structure-Activity Relationships of Species-Selec-
tivity In Acute Chemical Toxicity between Fish
and Rodents. Journal article.
Minnesota Univ.-Duluth.
K. B. Wallace, and G. J. Niemi. cl 988,13p EPA/800/
J-88/452
Grant EPA-R-810963
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v7
p201-212 1988. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Although regression analyses between the acute oral
or intraperitoneal LD50 values for both rats (Rattus
norvegicus) and mice (Mus musculus) and the 96-h
LC50 values for fathead minnows (Pimephales prome-
las) or rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) for a broad
spectrum of environmental chemicals were statistically
significant, the large variability in the regressions limits
their practical utility for interspecies extrapolations. To
gain a better understanding of this variability, analyses
were performed to reveal the structural features char-
acteristic of those chemicals that deviate substantially
from the interspecies regressions. The criterion select-
ed to indicate excessive variability was a greater-than-
fourfold difference between the observed rodent LOSO
and that estimated from the regression against the fish
data. Discriminant function analyses showed alde-
hydes, esters and organophosphorus insecticides to
be the primary outliers in the fish-to-rodent compari-
sons. Rodents were generally less sensitive to Intoxi-
cation with carbonyl-containing compounds but more
sensitive to organophosphate anticholinesterase poi-
soning than were fish.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Toxicity, 'Rats,
'Fishes, "Water pollution, Trout, Regression analysis,
Sensitivity, Variability, Aldehydes, Esters, Pharmacok)-
?y, Selection, Insecticides, Exposure, Risk, Reprints,
Ihemicals, LC 50, Organs.
PB90-142845/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Comparison of the Physiological Condition of the
Blue Mussel, 'Mytllus edulls', After Laboratory and
Field Exposure to a Dredged Material. Journal art-
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
W. G. Nelson. c1987,23p EPA/600/J-87/510, ERLN-
X109
Pub. in Pollution Physiology of Estuarine Organisms
17, P185-205 1987.
The scope for growth (SFG) of the blue mussel, Mytl-
lus edulis, was measured after exposure to Black Rock
Harbor (BRH) dredged material in the laboratory and
the field. A laboratory system was used to provide con-
stant exposure levels, ranging from 0 to 10 mg/L, of
suspended BRH sediment. Results indicated that con-
centrations as low as 1.5 mg/L BRH material reduced
SFG, clearance rates, and shell growth. In the field,
mussels were placed along a transect from the center
of the disposal mound to a clean area that was distant
from the disposal mound. The estimated maximum
BRH exposure in the field (0.8 mg/L) produced no ap-
parent reduction in the SFG of mussels collected 1 m
above the bottom at the field sites. The level of BRH
material estimated to affect SFG in field-exposed mus-
sels (>0.8 mg/L) was within the range estimated from
laboratory experiments (0-1.5 mg/L).
Keywords: "Sediments, "Dredging, "Mussels, Physio-
logical effects, Exposure, Growth, Field tests,
Tables(Data), Comparison, Reprints, "Mytilus adulis,
"Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB90-142852/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Distribution and Characterization of PCB« (Poty-
chlorlnated Blphenyle) In Lake Michigan Water.
Journal article.
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison.
D. L. Swackhamer, and D. E. Armstrong. c1987,1Sn
EPA/600/J-B7 / 507
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research 13, n1 p24-3e
1987. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab-
Duluth, MN., and National Sea Grant Coll. Program.
Rockville, MD.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured In
the water column of Lake Michigan at 28 stations. Dis-
tributions between dissolved and particulate phases
were used to evaluate the partitioning behavior of
PCBs. The average PCB concentration in Lake Michi-
gan was 1.8 ng/l, corresponding to a total PCB burden
of 8,900 kg. The average PCB concentration was slo.
nificantly lower in open lake (1.2 ng/l) than in near-
shore zone samples (3.2 ng/l). Concentrations In
Green Bay were elevated compared to the rest of the
lake. Variations in concentration with depth were
small. The average log of the water-particle partition
coefficient (Kp) was 5.9. Little dependence of Kp on
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
particulate organic carbon was observed. A relation-
ship was found between log Kp and log SPM (sus-
pended particulate matter) concentration, perhaps re-
flecting association of a non-filterable fraction of the
SPM with the aqueous phase.
Keywords: "Biphenyl, 'Chlorine organic compounds,
'Water pollution, 'Lake Michigan, Sampling,
Concentration(Composition), Variations, Chemical
equilibrium, Liquids, Distribution functions, Water-parti-
cle partition coefficient.
PB90-142860/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, UN.
Hydrophobiclty and Central Nervous System
Agents: On the Principle of Minimal Hydrophobi-
clty In Drug Design. Journal article.
Pomona Coll., Claremont, CA.
C. Hansch, J. P. Bjoerkroth, and A. Leo. c1987,26p
EPA/600/J-87/508
Grants EPA-R-811927, EPA-R-809295
Pub. in Pharmaceutical Sciences, v76 n9 p663-687
1987. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-
Duluth, MN., and Burroughs Wellcome Co., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
The problem of getting drugs across the so-called
blood-brain barrier has long been under extensive in-
vestigation; however, the other side of the problem,
that of keeping drugs out of the central nervous
system (CNS). nas not been studied so intently. The
role of lipophilicity has long been recognized as being
important in CNS penetration by chemicals, but it is be-
lieved that not enough attention has been devoted to
ust exactly what is meant when it is said that 'a lipophi-
lic drug is needed for CNS penetration.' There are
other reasons for making drugs hydrophilic. Hydropho-
bic drugs, other factors Being equal, are more inhibito-
ry of biochemical systems than hydrophilic congeners.
The report discusses these problems in terms of the
octanol-water (log P) hydrophobic scale.
Keywords: 'Central nervous system, 'Drugs, Chemical
composition, Water, Lethal dosage, Anesthetics, Hyp-
notics and sedatives, Antihistamines, Reprints, 'Phar-
macokinetics, Octyl alcohols, Antidepressive agents.
PB90-142878/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Durability of Geosynthetics in Waste Management
Facilities: Needed Research (Journal Article).
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
R. E. Landreth. c1888,10p EPA/600/D-89/152
Pub. in proceedings of a Meeting 'Aging and Durability
of Geosynthetics (GRI 2)', Philadelphia, PA., Decem-
ber 8-9,1988. See also PB89-132682.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency is
interested in both the short- and long-term perform-
ance of geosynthetics when these materials are used
in waste management facilities. The paper discusses
research to address both concerns and Identifies data
gaps that require additional research.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Containers, Research
protects, Linings, SOils, Membranes, Geosynthetic
materials.
PB90-142886/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Radon Reduction Techniques In
Fourteen Basement Houses: Preliminary Results
(Journal Article). Rept. for Apr 86-Nov 87.
Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA. Indoor Environment Pro-
gram.
B H Turk, J. Harrison, R. G. Sextro, L. M. Hubbard,
and K. J. Gadsbv. 1988,26p EPA/600/D-69/042
Contracts DE-AC03-76SF00098, DE-AC05-
S40R21400
See also DE88010773. Presented at the annual APCA
meeting (81st) held in Dallas, TX. on June 19-24,1988.
Prepared in cooperation with Princeton Univ., NJ.
Center for Energy and Environmental Studies, and
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab., and
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
The paper gives preliminary results of a study of radon
control techniques in 14 houses in New Jersey. The
study is part of a comprehensive project to: investigate
the fundamentals of soil gas flow and radon entry into
buildings and the factors that influence the entry rate;
develop a diagnostic procedure for specifying appro-
priate and effective remedial measures; and better un-
derstand the operation of certain mitigation techniques
and the parameters that affect them. The paper de-
scribes the radon control work that was conducted in
the houses and summarizes the results of that work. It
does not include a detailed analysis of the relationship
between the parameters affecting system perform-
ance.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Air pollution control, 'Base-
ments, 'Houses, New Jersey, Residential buildings,
Ventilation, Gas flow, Pressurizing, 'Indoor air pollu-
tion, 'Soil gases, Mitigation, Diagnostic techniques.
PB90-142894/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Aquatic Humic Substances as Sources and Sinks
of Photochemically Produced Transient Reac-
tants.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
J. Hoigne, B. C. Faust, W. R. Haag, F. E. Scully, and R.
G. Zepp. C1989,23p EPA/600/D-89/172
Pub. in Aquatic Humic Substances: Influence on Fate
and Treatment of Pollutants, Chapter 23, p363-381.
Prepared in cooperation with Eidgenoessische Anstalt
fuer Wasserversorgung, Abwasserreinigung und
Gewaesserschultz, Duebendorf (Switzerland).
In sunlit surface waters, aquatic humics and nitrate act
as sensitizers or precursors for the production of pho-
toreactants such as singlet oxygen, humic-derived
peroxy radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and solvated elec-
trons. Lifetimes of the various reactants are controlled
by their reactions with aquatic humics, by solvent
quenching (singlet oxygen), by reactions with molecu-
lar oxygen (solvated electron), or by other processes
(peroxy radicals). The steady-state concentration of
each transient formed during solar irradiation was de-
termined from the observed disappearance rate of
added organic probe compounds. The probe com-
pounds have selective reactivities with the individual
transient species of interest. Effects of these photor-
eactants on the elimination of micropollutants and on
chemical transformations of dissolved organic matter
are discussed. (Copyright (c) 1989 American Chemical
Society.)
Keywords: 'Humic acids, 'Surface waters, 'Photo-
chemical reactions, 'Water pollution, 'Solar radiation,
'Dissolved organic matter, Sources, Free radicals, Re-
action kinetics, Oxygen, Oxidants, Hydrogen peroxide,
Reprints, Hydroxyl radicals, Peroxy radicals.
PB90-142902/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Determination of Polychlorlnated Biphenyis Using
Multiple Regression with Outlier Detection and
Elimination. Journal article.
Wisconsin Univ.-Superior. Center for Lake Superior
Environmental Studies.
L P. Burkhard, and D. Wininger. C1987,7p EPA/600/
J-87/506
Grant EPA-R-812079
Pub. in Analytical Chemistry 59, p1187-1190 1987.
Prepared in cooperation with Pomona Coll., Clare-
mont, CA. Sponsored by Environmental Research
Lab.-Duluth, MN.
A method for the analysis of capillary column polychlo-
rlnated biphenyl (PCB) data using regression analysis
with outlier checking and elimination, COMSTAR, is
presented and evaluated. The algorithm determines
the best combination of the commercial PCB mixtures
which best fits the chromatographic fingerprint of the
sample by excluding weathered and contaminated
PCB components from its final determination. Subse-
quently, significance testing on the final determination
is performed. The extra sum of squares test is used for
outlier testing. The chief advantage of COMSTAR over
other PCB analysis methods is its ability to discern
more accurately the amount of PCB present in a
sample when weathered and contaminated or en-
riched PCB components exist in the chromatographic
data. (Copyright (c) 1987 American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Regression analysis,
Chromatographic analysis, Algorithms, Sample prepa-
ration, Pesticides, Qualitative analysis, Quantitative
analysis, 'Polychlorlnated biphenyis, 'Water pollution
detection, 'Water pollution effects(Animal8), COM-
STAR algorithm, Biological accumulation, Aroclor
1242, Aroclor 1248, Aroclor 1254, Aroclor 1260.
PB90-142910/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Polychlorlnated Blphenyls: Environmental Occur-
rence and Analysis. Journal article.
Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Dept. of Veteri-
nary Physiology and Pharmacology.
S. Safe, L. Safe, and M. Mullin. c1987,16p EPA/600/
J-87/505
Grant EPA-R-810995
Pub. in Environmental Toxin Series, v1 p1-13 1987.
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth,
MN.
Polychlorinated biphenyis (PCBs) are complex mix-
tures which have been identified in every component
of the global ecosystem. The chapter discusses the
distribution of PCBs in the environment and points out
recent analytical advances which now permit high res-
olution congener-specific analysis of PCBs in diverse
analytes using high resolution capillary gas chromato-
graphic techniques. The biologic and toxic effects of
PCBs are structure-dependent and the adverse envi-
ronmental and human health impacts of the different
mixtures of PCBs are related to the individual compo-
nents of these mixtures and their interactions. The
chapter points out that high resolution PCB analysis
will now permit the unequivocal identification and
quantitation of the individual PCBs in environmental
samples and the data can be used for more accurate
risk assessment.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Environmental transport, 'Chlo-
rine organic compounds, 'Biphenyl, 'Water pollution,
Spatial distribution, Chromatographic analysis. Risk,
Concentration(Composition), Public health. Food
chains, Snow, Response, Retaining, Tables(Data),
Ecosystem, Global, Polychlorinated biphenyis.
PB90-142928/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Revised Estimates ot Power Plant Entrapment of
Ichthyoplankton In Western Lake Erie In 1975-77.
Journal article.
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. School of Natural Re-
sources.
R. L. Patterson. C1987, 8p EPA/600/J-87/504
Grant EPA-R-806565
Pub. in Jnt. of Great Lakes Research 13, n1 p78-83
1987. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-
Duluth, MN.
Previous estimates of larval production and power en-
trapment, distributed over four power plants, are re-
vised using a lumped parameter method by which
power plant mortality is estimated independently of
natural mortality. Using the method, mean daily power
plant entrapment of four species of ichthyoplankton
averaged over three seasons of production (1975-77)
ranged from zero to 7.6%. The estimates are statisti-
cally consistent with earlier estimates made by a more
laborious, distributed parameter technique.
Keywords: 'Electrical power plants, 'Larvae, 'Entrap-
ment, 'Lake Erie, Fresh water biology, Mathematical
models, Tables(Data), Population growth, Differential
equations, Mortality, Reprints, 'Ichthyoplankton.
PB90-142936/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Phosphorus Enrichment, Silica Utilization, and
Blogeochemlcal Silica Depletion in the Qreat
Lakes. Journal article.
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Div.
C. L Schelske, E. F. Stoermer, G. L. Fahnenstiel, and
M. Haibach. C1986,11p EPA/600/ J-86/522
Grants EPA-R-806294, NSF-OCE82-16588
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Fisheries and Aquatic Sci-
ence, v43 p407-415 1986. Sponsored by Environmen-
tal Research Lab.-Duluth, MN., and National Science
Foundation, Washington, DC.
The hypothesis that silica (Si) depletion in Lake Michi-
gan and the severe Si depletion that characterizes the
lower Great Lakes were induced by increased phos-
phorus (P) inputs was supported by bioassay experi-
ments snowing increased Si uptake by diatoms with
relatively small P enrichments. The authors propose
that severe Si depletion (Si concentrations being re-
duced to less than 0.39 mg SiO L prior to thermal strat-
ification) results when P levels are increased to the
extent that increased diatom production reduces Si
concentrations to limiting levels during the thermally
mixed period. The model proposed for biogeochemical
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Si depletion is consistent with previous findings of high
rates of internal recycling because, under steady-state
conditions for Si inputs, any increase in diatom produc-
tion will produce an increase in permanent sedimenta-
tion of biogenic Si provided some fraction of the in-
creased biogenic Si production is not recycled or
unless there is a compensating increase in dissolution
of diatoms.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus, "Great Lakes, Silicon diox-
ide, Diatoms, Bioassay, Geochemistry, Biochemistry,
Lake Erie, Lake Ontario, Inorganic phosphates, Disso-
lution, Concentration(Composition), Sedimentation,
Thermal stratification, Recycling.
PB90-142944/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Lake Resources at Risk to Acidic Deposition In
the Upper Midwest. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J L Schnoor, N. P. Nikolaidis, and G. E. Glass. C1986,
12p EPA/600/J-86/521
Pub. In Jnl. of the Water Pollution Control Federation,
v58 n2 p139-148 1986. Prepared in cooperation with
Iowa Univ., Iowa City.
The acidification of lakes and streams as a result of
acid precipitation has been documented in southern
Sweden and Norway, the northeastern United States,
and southern Ontario. Simple and complex models
have been used to assess the impact of acidic deposi-
tion on lakes and streams. One model development
(the Trickle-down model) places particular emphasis
on the kinetics of chemical weathering in the water-
shed as the primary mechanism that produces cations
(Ca(+2), Mg(+2), K(+), Na(+)) and neutralizes acid
inputs. In the study the Trickle-down model was used
to simulate lake response and to predict the percent-
age of lakes in the Upper Midwest of the United States
at risk at various levels of acidic deposition.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Lakes, 'Streams, 'Water
pollution, Environmental impacts, Mathematical
models, Deposition, Kinetics, Weathering, Water-
sheds, Wisconsin, Bed load, Rocks, Granite, Cations,
Lake Clara, Neutralizing, Water chemistry, Lake
McNearney, Michigan, Acid precipitation.
PB90-142951/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Lake Resources at Risk to Acidic Deposition In
the Eastern United States. Journal article.
Iowa Univ., Iowa City. Dept. of Civil and Environmental
Engineering.
J. L. Schnoor, S. Lee, N. P. Nikolaidis, and D. R. Nair.
C1986,13p EPA/600/J-86/520
Pub. in Water, Air and Soil Pollution 31, p1091-1101
1986. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-
Duluth, MN.
Watershed descriptors have been obtained or com-
piled for 1439 watersheds in the northeastern and
upper midwestern United States. A methodology,
which combines multiple linear regression procedures
with a simple deterministic model for alkalinity shows
promise as a tool for acid precipitation assessments.
Mean absolute errors in predicted lake alkalinity con-
centrations of approximately + or - 100 micro eq/L
were obtained with no significant difference (at the
0.05 significance level) between predicted and ob-
served alkalinity histograms. Estimates of the lake re-
sources-at-risk across the depositional gradient from
Minnesota to the Adirondack Park of New York were
established.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Alkalinity, 'Lakes, Deposi-
tion, Watersheds, Histograms, Minnesota, Risk, Adir-
ondak Park, New York, Acid precipitation, Midwestern
United States, Eastern United States.
PB90-142969/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Atmospheric Transport of Toxaphene to Lake
Michigan. Journal article.
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Dlv.
C. P. Rice, P. J. Samson, and G. E. Noguchi. c1986,
10p EPA/600/J-86/519
Grant EPA-R-808849
Pub. in Environmental Sciences and Technology, v20
n11 p1109-1116 1986. Sponsored by Environmental
Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Atmospheric levels of toxaphene were monitored
during the summer and fall of 1981 at four locations:
Greenville, MS; St. Louis, MO; Bridgman, Ml; Beaver
Island, Ml. Each collection was conducted by continu-
ously sampling air during the first 2 weeks of the
months of August, September, October, and Novem-
ber. The collected toxaphene was analyzed on a capil-
lary equipped electron capture gas chromatograph.
The average concentrations over the entire sampling
period for each site were 7.0 ng/cu m in Greenville, 1.3
ng/cu m in St. Louis, and 0.29 ng/cu m for Lake Michi-
gan (Bridgman and Beaver Island combined). The
trend in relative levels of toxaphene was similar at
each site. (Copyright (c) 1986 by the American Chemi-
cal Society).
Keywords: 'Atmospheric circulation, 'Air pollution,
'Lake	Michigan,	Sampling,
Concentration(Composition), Chromatographic analy-
sis, Seasonal variations, Wind direction, Measure-
ment, Michigan, Missouri, Reprints, Toxaphene.
P890-142977/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Comparison of Short- and Long-Term Sexual Re-
production Tests with the Marine Red Alga
'Champla parvula'. Journal article.
Rhode Island Univ., Kingston. Dept. of Botany.
G. E. Thursby, and R. L. Steele. c1986,8p EPA/600/J-
86/518, .ERLN-785
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v5
p1013-1018 1986. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
A 2-d exposure test using the marine red alga Champia
parvula was developed to assess the toxic effects of
pollutants entering the marine and estuarine environ-
ments. The initial exposure was followed by a 5 to 7
day recovery period to allow the development of any
cystocarps (evidence of sexual reproduction) the end-
point measured. The 2-d exposure test was validated
by comparison with a previously developed 2-week
test in which 'no sexual reproduction' was used as the
reproductive endpoint. The 2-d procedure is intended
for use in testing both single compounds and complex
effluents. Complex effluents, however, cannot be ac-
curately tested with the 2-week test; therefore, only
single compounds were used to compare the two pro-
cedures. Nine single compounds were tested. Con-
centrations that resulted in a 95% or greater decrease
from the control response with the 2-d exposure were
considered the best estimate of the no sexual repro-
duction response from the 2-week test. All of the
single compounds tested, except cadmium, yielded
essentially the same results with both tests.
Keywords: 'Reproduction(Biology), 'Water pollution,
'Toxicity, 'Rhodophyta, Exposure, Comparison, Ef-
fluents, Reprints, 'Champia parvula, Biological effects.
PB90-142985/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Sorption Kinetics of Hydrophobic Organic Com-
pounds to Natural Sediments and Soils. Journal ar-
ticle.
Massachusetts Inst, of Tech., Cambridge. Ralph M.
Parsons Lab.
C. C. Wu, and P.M. Gschwend. c1988,11 p EPA/600/
J-86/517
Grant EPA-R-810472
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v20
n7 p717-725 Jul 86. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab.. Athens, GA.
Sorption on sediment and soil particles plays a major
role in controlling the fate of organic pollutants in
aquatic environments. Sorption kinetics of hydropho-
bic organic chemicals to and from suspended sedi-
ment and soil particles is described by a radial diffusive
penetration model modified by a retardation factor re-
flecting microscale partitioning of the sorbate between
intra-aggregate pore fluids and the solids making up
the aggregate grains. In light of this and other sorption
kinetics models, a closed-loop-stripping apparatus
with a photoionization detector operating in-line was
used to examine the effects of sorbate hydrophobic^,
sorbent particle size, and system temperature on solid-
solute exchange over times of seconds to days. (Copy-
right (c) 1988 American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Sorption, 'Kinetics, 'Organic compounds,
'Sediments, 'Soil chemistry, 'Water pollution, Mathe-
matical models, Diffusion, Transport properties, Exper-
imental design, Reprints, 'Environmental transport,
'Land pollution.
PB90-142993/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Chemically Reacting Turbulent Jets.
California Inst, of Teen., Pasadena.
P. E. Dimotakis, J. E. Broadwell, and R. D. Howard.
1982,9p EPA/600/0-89/262
Contract EPA-68-02-3633
Presented at AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting
(21st), Reno, NV., January 10-13,1983. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.,
and Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Boiling
AFB, DC.
The paper reports additional experimental evidence
supporting a new description of the mechanism of tur-
bulent entrapment, mixing, and chemical reactions
that is emerging from experiments in the last few years
which reveal the presence of large scale structures in
turbulent shear flows. The basic notion is that, in these
flows, entrapment and mixing begin with a large scale,
primarily inviscid, intertwining of the mixing species
and are completed by molecular diffusion when the
concentration fluctuations reach the smallest length
scales that are sustained by the turbulence. Specifical-
ly, the additional evidence applies to axi-symmetric re-
acting turbulent jets in water, obtained using laser in-
duced fluorescence techniques.
Keywords: 'Chemical reactions, 'Turbulent flow, *Jet
flow, Mixing. Entrapment, Lasers, Fluorescence,
Shear flow, Inviscid flow, Pollution, Diffusion, Test fa-
cilities, Experimental data.
PB90-143009/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Non-Premlxed Turbulent Jet Flames.
California Inst, of Tech., Pasadena.
W. J. A. Dahm, P. E. Dimotakis, and J. E. Broadwell.
C1983, 9p EPA/600/D-89/261
Contract EPA-68-02-3633
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab., and Air Force Office of Scientific Re-
search, Boiling AFB, DC.
The paper, part of a general investigation of mixing and
chemical reaction in turbulent jets, concerns the length
of non-premixed turbulent jet flames in a stationary en-
vironment. Experimental results for the turbulent flame
length of chemically reacting jets in water show both
increasing and decreasing mean flame length with in-
creasing Reynolds number in the transition regime be-
tween laminar and fully developed turbulent flow, de-
pending on the equivalence ratio for the reaction. The
asymptotic limit of this transition regime, at which the
flame attains its Reynolds-number-independent
length, is established at Reynolds number 3000.
Above this limit, the mean flame length depends lin-
early on the reaction equivalence ratio. Fluctuations in
the flame length are found to be nearly periodic and
approximately equal to the local jet diameter at the
flame tip for all equivalence ratios and all Reynolds
numbers above 3000, indicating that turbulent flame
length is inherently unsteady at the largest local scale
in the flow.
Keywords: 'Flames, 'Jet mixing flow, 'Turbulent flow,
Jet flow, Chemical reactions, Reynolds number, Pollu-
tion, Combustion, Test facilities, Fluorescence, Lasers,
Mathematical models, Experimental data.
PB90-143017/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Relationship between Mesoscale Add PrecipK>-
tlon and Meteorological Factors.
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Dept. of Mechanical Engi-
neering.
K. W. Ragland, and K. E. Wilkening. C1982,22p EPA/
600/D-89/257
Grant EPA-R-809412
Pub. in Acid Precipitation: Effects of Ecological Sys-
tems, Chapter 6, p123-139. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
The chapter deals with sulfur dioxide and sulfate depo-
sition from the atmosphere to the ground. Sulfur diox-
ide may be transformed to sulfate compounds in the
atmosphere and in vegetation, soil, and water. The
extent to which sulfur deposition changes the pH of
the soil and water is not addressed here. Rather, sulfur
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
loading is taken as an indicator of potential for acidifi-
cation. Nitrogen compounds may also produce acidifi-
cation; however, less is known about these processes
and they are not considered here.
Keywords: "Ecology, "Acidification, "Sulfur dioxide,
'Sulfates, "Nitrogen, "Pollution, Rainfall, Particles,
Deposition, Surface waters, Vegetation, Mathematical
models, Ions, Diffusion, Meteorological data, United
States, Canada, Acid precipitation.
PB90-143025/HSU	PC A14/MF A02
EBDC Special Review: Technical Support Docu-
ment 2/3.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Dec 89, 318p EPA/540/09-90/077
The Environmental Protection Agency is examining the
ethylene bisdithiocarbamates (maneb, mancozeb, me-
tiram, nabam and zineb) because of carcinogenic, de-
velopmental and thyroid effects caused by etnyleneth-
iourea (ETU), a common contaminant, metabolite and
degradation product of these pesticides. Available
data has led the Agency to conclude that the contin-
ued registration of EBDC products for use on certain
food crops, commercial ornamentals and home
garden sites and in some industrial uses would result in
unreasonable adverse effects to humans. In determin-
ing which uses to cancel, the Agency considered the
aggregate risks posed by the EBDCs and ETU, the
extent to which registered uses are being supported by
registrants and, where appropriate, the nsks and bene-
fits of individual uses.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Exposure, Reviews, Public
health, Regulations, Carcinogens, Plants(Botany),
Farm crops, Industrial plants, Fungicides, Toxicity,
Thyroid diseases, "Risk assessment, "Carbamic acid/
ethylene-bis(dithio), "Imidazolidine thione, Occupa-
tional safety and health, Environmental effects.
PB90-143033/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Evidence tor Chromosomal Repllcons as Unit* of
Stater Chromatid Exchanges. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M H. Lugo, H. S. Rauchfuss, H. R. Zakour, J. W. Allen,
and J. c. Hozier. C1989,10p EPA/600/J-89/240
Pub. in Chromosome 98, p89-76 1989. Prepared in co-
operation with Florida Inst, of Tech., Melbourne.
Current hypotheses of sister chromatid exchange
(SCE) formation postulate that sites of SCE induction
are associated with active repllcons or replicon clus-
ters The PCC-SCD technique has been applied to in
vh/o studies of mouse bone marrow cells that have
teen treated with cyclophosphamide (CP) for two cell
cycles to determine the influence chemical inducers of
gCEs such as CP may have on the pattern of replicon
clusters in vivo and ascertain the possible structural
and/or functional relationships between chromosomal
repllcons and induced SCEs. In vivo data support the
existence of a subunit organization of chromosomal
replication with a basic functional unit being 0.3 to 0.6
micro m in size. In addition, this chromosomal unit of
replication or 'chromosomal replicon' does not seem
to M functionally perturbed by the mutagen CP. It was
also found that similar to chromosomal units, small
SCD segments of 0.4 to 0.7 micro m in length were in-
volved In the formation of an SCE, suggesting that
both spontaneous and CP-induced SCEs occur be-
tween chromosomal repllcons. These findings provide
direct chromosome structural evidence to support a
replicon cluster/chromosomal replicon model for SCE
formation. (Copyright (c) 1989 Springer-Verlag.)
Keywords: "Chromosomes, Cyclophosphamide, Bone
marrow, In vivo analysis, Reprints, "Sister chromatid
exchange, "DNA replication, Ceil cycle, Antitumor drug
screening assays, Helper cells, Mutagenicity tests.
PM0-143041/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Hexechiorobenzene-lnduced Hypsrpsrsthyrof-
dtom and Osteosclerosis In Rata. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J E. Andrews, K. D. Courtney, A. G. Steas, and W. E.
Donaldson. c1989,12p EPA/600/J-69/239
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. v12
P242-251 1989. Prepared in cooperation with North
Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) exposure has been shown
to alter the normal concentrations of parathyroid hor-
mone and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 in rats and to
result in osteoporosis in humans. Experiments were
undertaken to investigate the effects of HCB on the
homeostatic mechanism of calcium metabolism and to
determine its effect on bone in rats. Fischer 344 rats
were dosed 5 days/wk for 5, 10 or 15 wks with 0,0.1,
1.0,10.0 or 25.0 mg HCB/kg body weight. Body weight
was not affected by any of the exposure conditions.
Liver weight was significantly elevated above control
values at the two higher dose levels at all three time
periods. Kidney weight and kidney-to-body-weight ratio
was significantly elevated at the highest dose level
after 10 weeks and at the two higher dose levels after
15 weeks of exposure. Serum alkaline phosphatase
was significantly decreased at the two higher dose
levels after both 10 and 15 weeks of exposure. 1,25-
Dihydroxy vitamin D(3) was measured in the 5 week
exposure group only and was significantly elevated in
the three higher dose levels. After 5 and 15 weeks of
exposure, parathyroid hormone concentration was sig-
nificantly elevated at the two higher dose levels at both
time periods.
Keywords: "Hyperparathyroidism, "Toxicity, "Calcium,
"Chlorobenzenes, Exposure, Rats, Kidney, Liver,
Bones, Body weight, Tables(Data), Dosimetry, Vitamin
D group, Alkaline phosphatases, Reprints, "Osteos-
clerosis, Organ weight, Dose-response relationships.
PB90-143056/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Inhaled Hexachlorobenzene Aerosols
on Rat Pulmonary Host Defenses. Journal article.
NT Research Inst., Chicago, IL. Life Sciences Dept.
R. L. Sherwood, P. T. Thomas, W. J. O'Shea, J. N.
Bradof, and H. V. Ratajczak. C1989,13p EPA/600/J-
89/238
Pub. in Toxicology and Industrial Health, v5 n3 p45l-
461 1989. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Pulmonary bactericidal activity, macrophage phago-
cytic activity, alveolar macrophage (AM) enzyme activ-
ity and T- and B-cell mitogenesis of lymphocytes from
lung associated (LALN) or mesenteric lymph nodes
(MESLN) were assessed in rats and/or mice exposed
4 hr/d, 4 days/wk for 1, 4 or 16 days to hexachloro-
benzene (HCB) aerosols. Pulmonary bactericidal activ-
ity was depressed in rats following 1 or 4 but not 16 ex-
posures to 35 mg/cu m HCB. Single 4-hr exposures of
25-45 mg/cu m HCB did not alter bactericidal activity
in mice. Rat AM phagocytosis of (51)Cr-RBC in vitro
was increased after 4 but not 1 or 16 exposures to
HCB while no effect was observed in peritoneal ma-
crophages. HCB significantly enhanced B-cell mito-
genesis in MESLN following 4 exposures while LALN
B-cell mitogenesis and LALN and MESLN T-cell mito-
genesis were not affected. However, after 16 expo-
sures the T-cell responses in LALN and MESLN were
significantly increased and decreased, respectively.
The studies show that inhalation of 35 mg/cu m HCB
alters immunologic and pulmonary defenses of the rat.
(Copyright (c) 1989 Princeton Scientific Publishing Co.,
Keywords: 'Lung, "Toxicology, "Aerosols, "Chloro-
benzenes, Respiration, Mice, Rats, Lymph nodes, Re-
prints, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, Macrophages,
Mitogens, Phagocytosis.
PB90-143066/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of the Immunotoxlclty of Low Level
PCB (Polychlorlnated Blphenyl) Exposure in the
Rat Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. J. Smlalowicz, J. E. Andrews, M. M. Riddle, R. R.
Rogers, and R. W. Luebke. C1989,17p EPA/600/J-
89/236
Pub. inToxicology, V56p197-211 1989.
Weanling male Fischer 344 rats were exposed daily by
gastric intubation for up to 15 weeks to the polychlori-
nated blphenyl (PCB) Aroclor 1254 at 0.1,1,10, or 25
mg/kg body weight. At 5, 10 and 15 weeks groups of
rats were killed and immune functions were evaluated.
The immune parameters examined included the fol-
lowing: body and lymphoid organ weights, mitogen
stimulated lymphoproliferative (LP) responses, natural
killer (NK) cell activity, mixed lymphocyte reaction
(MLR), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response.
After 10 and 15 weeks of dosing body weights were re-
duced in rats receiving 25 mg/kg PCB while thymus
weights were decreased in rats receiving 10 and 25
mg/kg. NK cell activity was reduced in rats dosed for
15 weeks at 10 and 25 mg/kg. The LP response to
phytohemagglutinin was enhanced in rats dosed for 15
weeks at 25 mg/kg PCB. Exposure of rats to PCB did
not affect the MLR or CTL responses. Other groups of
rats were exposed to cyclophosphamide (CY) and
served as positive controls for the immune assays em-
ployed. CY induced alterations in ail of the immune pa-
rameters measured, indicating that this is a sensitive
battery of immune function tests which is capable of
detecting immune alterations in the rat. (Copyright (c)
1989 Elsevier Scientific Publishers Ireland, Ltd.)
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Immunology, Graphs(Charts),
Rats, Exposure, Lymphocytes, Dosimetry, Body
weight, Reprints, "Polychlorinated biphenyl com-
pounds, Immunologic cytotoxicity, Cyclophosphamide,
Dose-response relationships, Lectins, Organ weight,
Natural killer cells, Phytohemagglutinins.
PB90-1431S5/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Determination of Rates of Reaction In the Gas-
Phase in the Troposphere. Theory and Practice. 1.
Hlerarchal Test Scheme.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
A. Leifer. Nov 89,28p EPA/560/5-89/006
The document represents a detailed report on a two-
tiered hierarchical test scheme for determining the rate
constants k(dE), k(OH), and k(03) (the second-order
rate constants for direct photoreaction and indirect
photoreaction with hydroxyl radicals and ozone, re-
spectively) and estimating the half-lives (t(sub(1 /2)E))
for each of these transformation processes and the
net half-life in the gas-phase in the troposphere. The
test scheme is organized so that estimation tech-
niques are used as screening tests at the first level of
testing followed by the laboratory methods as upper-
tier tests. These screening tests give a rough estimate
of the fate of a chemical in the gas-phase in the tropo-
sphere. Depending upon the results of these screen-
ing tests and the requirements in a risk-assessment,
upper-tier laboratory tests should be used to obtain
more detailed and reliable information to determine
the fate of a chemical in the gas-phase In the tropo-
sphere.
Keywords: "Troposphere, "Reaction kinetics, "Photo-
chemical reactions, "Air pollution, Free radicals, Solar
radiation, Gases, Oxidation, Ozone, Numerical analy-
sis, Experimental design, "Atmospheric chemistry, Hy-
droxyl radicals.
PB90-143447/HSU	PC A11/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Aerosol Industry Success In Reducing CFC
(Chlorofluorocarbon) Propellent Usage. Final rept.
Jan-Sep 89.
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
T. P. Nelson, and S. L. Wevill. Nov 89,227p EPA/600/
2-89/062
Contract EPA-68-02-4286
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The two-part report discusses the reduction of chloro-
fluorocarbon (CFC) propeilant usage. Part I discusses
the U.S. aerosol industry's experience in converting
from CFC propellants to alternative aerosol formula-
tions. Detailed examples of non-CFC formulations are
provided for 28 categories of aerosol products. Hydro-
carbon propellants, which cost less than CFCs, are
most often selected as the propellants of choice
unless speoial properties (e.g., increased solvency or
reduced flammability) are needed. Dimethyl ether is
the next most preferred CFC alternative although it is
flammable and a strong solvent. Carbon dioxide, ni-
trous oxide, and nitrogen are inexpensive and widely
available, but have been underused as aerosol propel-
lants. Special equipment is often needed to add them
to the aerosol containers.
Keywords: "Aerosols, "Propellants, "Chlorohydrocar-
bons, "Air pollution control, Fluorine, Solvents, Flam-
mability, Containers, Packaging, Dispensers, Chloro-
fluorocarbons.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-143496/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Water Quality Criteria and Advisories, Sediment
Criteria and Complex Mixtures Limits: Chronologi-
cal Development.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
N. A. Jaworski. Dec 89,15p EPA/600/8-89/081
The development and implementation of Water Quality
Criteria and Advisories, Sediment Quality Criteria, and
Whole Effluent/Complex Mixtures Limits have evolved
scientifically since the early 1900's. The technology
transfer document is an attempt to capture this rich
and scientifically rewarding history. In developing this
chronology, the authors attempt to provide the reader
not only a chronology of events, but also the resulting
regulatory actions that followed the scientific develop-
ments. Finally, they have added an appendix which in-
cludes additional support materials for waste load allo-
cation, monitoring, and other support documents.
Keywords: "Sediments, "Water pollution, Technology
transfer, Mixtures, Regulations, History, Waste dispos-
al, Allocations, Monitoring, Water quality criteria.
PB90-145194/HSU	PC A19/MF A03
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Developments at International Conference on
Water Pollution Research (14th). Held at Brighton,
England on July 17-22, 1988. Rept. for 1 Mar 88-15
Apr 89.
United States of America National Committee for Rep-
resentation of the United States to the International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control.
Nov 89,435p EPA/600/2-89/059
See also report dated Sep 87, PB88-102512. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati,
OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The purpose of the report is to provide a mechanism
whereby current water research developments from
around the world as reported at the 14th International
Conference on Water Pollution Research of the Inter-
national Association on Water Pollution Research and
Control can be highlighted and brought to the attention
of other pollution researchers. In the report are reviews
of the conference presentations and invited discus-
sion, poster sessions, as well as interpretive analyses
of informal developments associated with the Confer-
ence which were judged to be of particular relevance
to water quality control activities in the U.S.A. Also in-
cluded is a section on research needs. The report was
submitted in fulfillment of Cooperative Agreement No.
CR-814614-01-0 by the United States of America Na-
tional Committee for Representation of the United
States to the International Association on Water Pollu-
tion Research and Control under partial sponsorship of
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The report
covers a period from March 1, 1988 to May 15,1989,
and work was completed as of May 15,1989.
Keywords: "Research projects, "Water pollution,
"Meetings, International relations, Agreements, Water
pollution control, History, Overflows, Storm sewers,
Activated sludge process, Sewage treatment.
PB90-145723/HSU	PC A10/MF A02
Interim Methods for Development of Inhalation
Reference Doses.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
A. M. Jarabek, K. Blackburn, M. Dourson, L. Erdreich,
and J. Overton. Aug 89,216p EPA/600/8-88/066F,
ECAO-R-0204
Presented at a meeting held in Research Triangle
Park. NC. on October 5-6,1987.
The document describes methodology for the deriva-
tion of Inhalation Reference Doses (RfDis). An RfDi is
defined as an estimate (with uncertainty spanning per-
haps an order of magnitude) of a continuous lifetime
inhalation exposure to the human population (including
sensitive subpopulations) that is likely to be without ap-
preciable risk of adverse noncancer health effects. A
detailed discussion of factors that determine inhaled
dose, including respiratory anatomy and physiology
and the physiochemical properties of the inhaled pol-
lutants, is provided. Discussions of these area included
currently available information on interspecies variabil-
ity. Issues related to the evaluation of study design and
the generation and characterization of inhalation expo-
sures are also discussed. Guidance on use of human
data, choice of toxicity studies, application of uncer-
tainty factors and the minimum data criteria for RfDi
development is also provided.
Keywords: "Dosimetry, "Respiration, "Air pollution,
"Toxicity, Malignant neoplasms, Extrapolation,
Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), Exposure,
Absorption(Biology), "Risk assessment, "Reference
standards, Health hazards, Dose-response relation-
ships, Pharmacokinetics.
PB90-145731/HSU	PC A12/MF A02
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Identification of Mutagenic Components In
Wastewater Effluents and Sludge. Summary rept.
Cincinnati Univ. Medical Center, OH.
M. W. Tabor, and J. C. Loper. Nov 89,254p EPA/600/
1-89/007
Grant EPA-R-810792
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Both industrially-impacted and domestic municipal
sewage treatment plant wastewaters and sludges
have been studied to isolate the residue organics for
the characterization of their mutagenic properties and
for the isolation/identification of the mutagenic com-
ponents. Methods were investigated to isolate the resi-
due organics for mutagenic assessment via the Salmo-
nella/microsomal activation, i.e., 59, assay. Residue
organics were isolated from wastewaters by a modifi-
cation of the USEPA/EMSL-LV interim protocol for the
isolation of residue organics from drinking water for
mutagenic assessment. Residue organics were isolat-
ed from sludges via three methods: the Soxhlet extrac-
tion method of Hites; the USEPA/EMSL-CIN Method
624S/6255; and a newly-developed method in the
study that features the milling of the sludge with anhy-
drous sodium sulfate to a homogeneous powder fol-
lowed by sequential extractions using a solvent series
from non-polar to polar. The residue organics from
wastewaters and sludges were fractionated by high
performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a
coupled bioassay/analytical fractionation approach. In
general, mutagenic assessment of the residue organ-
ics from the industrially-impacted treatment plant
wastewaters and sludges show both direct acting and
59 dependent TA98 mutagenic activity.
Keywords: "Sewage treatment, "Waste water, "Mu-
nicipalities, "Mutagens, Identifying, Salmonella, Bioas-
say, Assessments, Sludge disposal, Residues, Drink-
ing water.
PB90-145756/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Interim Procedures for Estimating Risks Associat-
ed with Exposures to Mixtures of Chlorinated Dl-
benzo-p-Dioxins and-Dibenzofurans (CDDs and
CDFs) and 1989 Update.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
J. S. Bellin, and D. G. Barnes. Mar 89,98p EPA/625/3-
89/016
See also PB89-125041.
In 1987, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) formally adopted an interim toxicity equivalency
factor (TEF) procedure (see PB89125041), which has
been used in addressing a variety of situations of envi-
ronmental contamination involving CDDs and CDFs.
The method, published as 'Interim Procedures for Esti-
mating Risks Associated with Exposures to Mixtures of
Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and -Dibenzofurans
(CDDs and CDFs),' is republished as Part I of the docu-
ment. Since the 1987 report was published, the EPA
has been active in an international project aimed at
adopting a common set of TEFs, the International
TEFs/89 (l-TEFs/89), to promote consistency in ad-
dressing contamination involving CDDs and CDFs.
The '1989 Update to the Interim Procedures for Esti-
mating Risks Associated with Exposures to Mixtures of
Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins and -Dibenzofurans
(CDDs and CDFs)' identifies EPA's adoption of the I-
TEFs/89 as a revision to the method currently in use.
The 1989 Update is Part II of the document.
Keywords: "Chlorine organic compounds, "Furans,
"Toxicity, Hazardous materials, Exposure, Bioassay,
Public health, Fly ash, Industrial wastes, Tables(Data),
Waste disposal, Carcinogens, "Risk assessment,
"Dioxins, "Air pollution effects(Humans), Dibenzo-
dioxin/tetrachloro, Land pollution.
PB90-145764/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Short-Term Methods for Estimating the Chronic
Toxicity of Effluents and Surface Waters to
Freshwater Organisms. Supplement.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
C. I. Weber, W. H. Peltier, T. J. Norberg-King, W. B.
Horning, and F. A. Kessler. Sep 89,49p EPA/600/4-
89/001 A
See also PB89-207013, PB86-158474, PB85-205383,
and PB89-220503.
The supplement is on the Linear Interpolation Method,
a point estimation technique prepared to provide back-
ground information and examples for the use of this
method for the analysis of data from the Fathead
Minnow Larval Survival and Growth Test and the Cer-
iodaphnia Survival and Reproduction Test described in
the recently completed second edition of the Agency
manual, 'Short-term Methods for Estimating the
Chronic Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to
Freshwater Organisms,' EPA/600/4-89/001.
Keywords: "Minnows, "Toxicity, "Surface waters,
"Fresh water biology. Water pollution, Mathematical
models, Concentration(Composition), Bioassay. Indus-
trial wastes, Cladocera, Estimates, Fishes, Inverte-
brates, Algae, Survival, Larvae, "Ceriodaphnia.
PB90-145772/HSU	PC A1S/MF A02
Indoor Air: Reference Bibliography.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
D. Campbell, D. Staves, and S. McDonald. Jul 89,
341 p" EPA/600/8-89/067F, ECAO-R-0183
The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency initially es-
tablished the indoor air Reference Bibliography In
1987 as an appendix to the Indoor Air Quality Imple-
mentation Plan. The document was submitted to Con-
gress as required under Title IV-Radon Gas and
Indoor Air Quality Research of the Superfund Amend-
ments and Reauthorization Act of 1986. The Refer-
ence Bibliography is an extensive bibliography of refer-
ence matenals on indoor air pollution. The Bibliogra-
phy contains over 4500 citations and continues to in-
crease as new articles appear.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Bibliographies, Radon,
Sources, Subject indexing terms, Corporate authors,
"Indoor air pollution, Superfund.
PB90-145780/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Applications of an Exact NOAEL (No-Ob served-
Adverse-Effect-Level) Procedure for Dichoto-
mous Data from Animal Experiments.
Brown (Kenneth G.), Chapel Hill, NC.
Nov 89,49p EPA/600/8-89/068
Contract EPA-68-01-6826
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
A statistical method has been developed that utilizes a
step-wise hypothesis testing procedure to estimate the
distribution of the no-observed-adverse-effect level
(NOAEL), and thereby to estimate the expected value
of the NOAEL and its variability. The methodology is
dependent upon the sum of the dose group sizes, the
expected response rates, experimental dose levels,
and the type I error rates. The technique may be em-
ployed to evaluate the reliability of the NOAEL and to
provide a measure of its variability.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Toxicity, Dosime-
try, Graphs(Charts), Exposure, Animals, *No-ob-
served-adverse-eflects-ievel, "Dose-response rela-
tionships, Risk assessment, False negative reactions.
PB90-145798/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada
OK.
BIOPLUME (Blodegradatlon In Aquifers anil De-
veloping a Mathematical Model) for Contaminant
Transport Affected by Oxygen Limited BkxHtgra-
datlon. Research brief.
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Environmental and Ground
Water Inst.
H. S. Rifai, P. B. Bedient, and J. T. Wilson. Aug 89 9n*
Grant EPA-R-812366
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
See also PB89-151120. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr
Environmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
Many of the organic pollutants entering groundwater
are potentially biodegradable in the subsurface. The
potential has been demonstrated in aquifers contami-
nated by wood creosoting process wastes and gaso-
line. The persistence of many of these organic com-
pounds in the subsurface indicated that some factors
must be limiting biodegradation. The research de-
scribed has been aimed at identifying the major proc-
esses that limit biodegradation in aquifers and devel-
oping a mathematical model (BIOPLUME) for simulat-
ing these processes. In order to identify the rate limit-
ing processes for biodegradation, the equations de-
scribing microbial growth and decay and transport of
oxygen and contaminants were developed and solved
in one and two dimensions. The main purpose of the
research was to develop the mathematical tools nec-
essary to describe and simulate the process of oxygen
limited biodegradation of organics in groundwater. The
model was applied at two sites, the United Creosote
Company, Inc. site in Conroe, TX and an aviation gaso-
line spill site in Traverse City, Ml. Field work at the
Conroe, TX site indicated that oxygen was limiting the
microbial degradation of dissolved hydrocarbons
present in the shallow aquifer. At the Traverse City, Ml
site, model predictions for the rates of mass loss
closely matched calculated rates from the field data.
Keywords: "Biodeterioration, 'Mathematical models,
•Organic compounds, 'Water pollution, 'Aerobic proc-
esses, 'Anaerobic processes, Oxygen, Ground water,
Creosote, Wood preservatives, Industrial wastes, Field
tests, BIOPLUME models, Gas spills, Environmental
transport, Environment models, Case studies.
PB90-145822/HSU	PC A12/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
Water Quality in the Middle Great Lakes: Results
of the 1985 U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection
Agency) Survey of Lake* Erie, Huron and Michi-
gan. Final rept.
Computer Sciences Corp., Chicago, IL. Applied Tech-
rfc^ockwell, D. K. Salisbury, and B. M. Lesht. Apr
89,270p EPA/905/6-89/001,, GLNPO-4
Includes three sheets of 48X reduction microfiche.
Prepared in cooperation with Argonne National Lab.,
IL Biological, Environmental, and Medical Research
Dfv Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Chicago, IL. Great Lakes National Program Office.
Continuing a limited annual program begun in 1983,
the Great lakes National Program Office surveyed the
water quality of Lakes Erie, Huron and Michigan in
1965. A helicopter survey was completed during Janu-
ary and February, and three ship surveys were con-
ducted in spring, summer, and fall. The samples were
analyzed for traditional limnological parameters and
nutrients. Although many measurements of water qual-
ity were unchanged from 1983 to 1985, the physical
conditions, notably temperature, were much different;
1983 was a mild year, while 1984 and 1985 were much
colder. In 1985 the stratification for each lake spanned
a longer period than in 1983 and 1984. All lakes exhib-
ited a pattern of nutrient depletion from the epilimnion
and concurrent enrichment of the hypolimnion during
the summer. The magnitude of the depletion for some
parameters was greater in 1985 than observed in 1983
and 1984.
Keywords: 'Phosphorus, 'Water pollution, 'Great
Lakes, Surveys, Water quality, Limnology,
Concentratlon(Compositlon), Inorganic nitrates, Mag-
nitude, Lake Erie, Lake Huron, Lake Michigan, Silicon
dioxide, Nitrogen, Mathematical models^ Temperature,
Hypolimnion, Eutrophication, Organic loading.
PB9O-145054/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Incorporation and Disappearance of Oxygen-18 in
Lung from Mice Exposed to 1 PPM (18)03(1). Jour-
nal article.
Indiana Univ. at Bloomington. Dept. of Chemistry.
J Santrock, G. E. Hatch, R. Slade, and J. M. Hayes.
C°1989, 8p EPA/600/J-89/235
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v98
p75-80 1989. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
[ab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
In the study, (18)0(3) was used as a tracer for inhaled
ozone in mice. The amount of ozone-derived oxygen
(ODO) in the lungs was determined by measuring the
amount of oxygen-18 in excess of the natural abun-
dance level which remained covalently bound to or-
ganic constituents of lung tissue following exposure to
1 ppm (18)0(3). The rate of disappearance of ODO
from the lungs was determined by quantifying the rate
of decrease of oxygen-18 in excess of the natural
abundance level in lung tissue from mice exposed to 1
ppm (18)0(3) for 45 min. With exposure to 1 ppm
(18)0(3), ozone-derived oxygen accumulated in lung
tissue at a rate of 4.38 pmoles of ODO/mg/min. ODO
had a half-life in lung tissue of approximately 6 h. It was
impossible to determine accurately the 'dose' of ozone
to tissue from these data. However, it was estimated
that in each animal a minimum of 44 pmoles of 0(3) re-
acted with molecular constituents of lung tissue every
minute of exposure to 1 ppm 0(3). (Copyright (c) 1989
by Academic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Lung, 'Oxygen isotopes, Expo-
sure, Mice, Respiration, Reprints, 'Air pollution
effects(Animals).
PB90-145962/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Variations In the Neurotoxic Potency of Trimeth-
yltin. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. P. O'Callaghan, D. M. Niedzwiecki, and J. C. Means.
C1989, 8p EPA/600/J-89/234
Pub. in Brain Research Bulletin, v22 p637-642 1989.
Prepared in cooperation with Louisiana State Univ.,
Baton Rouge. Inst, for Environmental Studies.
Seven samples of trimethyltin obtained from three
commercial sources were evaluated for neurotoxic po-
tency in the rat. Hippocampus weight, histology and
assays of the astrocyte protein, glial fibrillary acidic
protein, were used as indices of neurotoxicity. A single
administration (8.0 mg/kg, i.v.) of different samples of
TMT resulted in markedly different degrees of neuro-
toxicity as assessed by all three criteria. Subsequent
analysis of each sample for trace metal and speciated
organotin content revealed that sample-to-sample dif-
ferences in neurotoxic potency could be attributed to
the presence of several impurities. Indeed, in several
samples, sodium was present at levels high enough to
affect neurotoxic potency simply by diluting the tri-
methyltin content A number of samples also showed
contamination with the non-neurotoxic organotin, di-
methyltin. The data underscore the need for standard-
ized sources of toxic compounds to insure the reliabil-
ity of experiment-to-experiment comparisons.
Keywords: 'Hippocampus, 'Toxicity, Mass spectrom-
etry, Histology, Rats, Tests, Impurities, Reprints,
'Trialkyltin compounds, Astrocytes, Dose-response
relationships, Glial fibrillary acidic protein, Trace
metals, Radioimmunoassay.
PB90-145970/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Induced Hepatocytes as a Metabolic Activation
System for the Mouse-Lymphoma Assay. Journal
article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
L A. Oglesby, K. H. Brock, and M. M. Moore. c1989,
10p EPA/600/J-89/233
Pub. In Mutation Research 223, p295-302 1989. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC., and Environmental Health
Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park,
NC.
The report describes methods developed for the co-
culture of hepatocytes and mouse lymphoma cells and
shows the utility of this system for testing promutagens
from several chemical classes. The present study in-
vestigated the use of hepatocytes isolated from rats
pretreated with a cytochrome P-450 inducer (PB) or a
P-448 inducer (BNF). CP-induced mutagenicity was
higher in the presence of PB-induced hepatocytes
than in control hepatocytes. Control and BNF-induced
hepatocytes were evaluated with B(a)P, B(I)A, and BA.
A dose-related positive response was observed with
B(a)P and B(I)A both in the presence of control or in-
duced hepatocytes; however, somewhat higher
mutant frequencies were obtained in the presence of
BNF-induced hepatocytes. BA was marginally positive
(approximately 2 x b.g.) in the presence of control he-
patocytes and weakly positive in the presence of BNF-
induced hepatocytes. Benzene was evaluated using
control and both PB and BNF-induced hepatocytes.
Slight dose-related increases in the mutant frequency
were observed. These increases were not sufficiently
high to meet criteria for a positive response. The re-
sponse was not affected by using induced rather than
control hepatocytes. (Copyright (c) 1989 Elsevier Sci-
ence Publishers B.V. (Biomedical Division).)
Keywords: "Liver, 'Mice, 'Toxicity, Bioassay,
Tables(Data), Benzenes, Lymphomas, Cytochromes,
Reprints, 'Mutagenicity tests, 'Metabolic activation.
Enzyme induction, Dose-response relationships, Ge-
netic effects, Thymidine kinase. Cultured cells.
PB90-145988/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Mlcronuclei In Binucleated Lymphocytes of Mice
Following Exposure to Gamma Radiation. Journal
article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
G. L. Erexson, A. D. Kligerman, E. C. Halperin, G. M.
Honore, and J. W. Allen. C1989, 7p EPA/600/J-89/
232
Pub. in Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis,
v13 p128-132 1989. Prepared in cooperation with En-
vironmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC., and Duke Univ. Medical
Center, Durham, NC.
Experiments were designed to investigate the induc-
tion of micronuclei (MN) in mouse peripheral blood
lymphocytes (PBLs) after in vitro or in vivo exposure to
(60)Co gamma radiation. For the in vitro experiments,
4 ml of blood from male C57BL/6J mice were either ir-
radiated in 6 ml Falcon culture tubes as whole blood or
isolated to obtain mononuclear leukocytes (MNLs) that
were pelleted by centrifugation and then irradiated in
RPMI 1640. For the in vivo analysis mice received
whole body irradiation, blood was obtained by cardiac
puncture, and the MNLs were isolated for each mouse.
Exposures were at a rate of 0.82 to 0.90 Gy/min to
yield doses of 0.5,1,2,3, or 4 Gy. MNLs were cultured
using cytochalasin B for MN analysis in binucleated
PBLs. There was a significant dose-dependent in-
crease in MN observed at all closes. Dose-response
curves for the in vivo and in vitro whole blood experi-
ment were not significantly different. However, for iso-
lated pelleted MNLs irradiated in vitro, the MN frequen-
cy at 4 Gy was less than half that seen in the in vivo ex-
periment. The large difference in MN response is
thought to be due to the radioprotective effect of hy-
poxia. (Copyright (c) 1989 Alan R. Liss, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Gamma radiation, 'Lymphocytes, Mice,
Exposure, Dosimetry, In vitro analysis, In vivo analysis,
Deoxyribonucleic acids, Mutations, Reprints, 'Mono-
nuclear leukocytes, 'Micronucleus tests, Mutagenicity
tests, Dose-response relationships, Cobalt radioiso-
topes.
PB90-145996/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparison of Slster-Chromatld Exchange In
Mouse Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Exposed In
vitro and In vivo to Phosphorsmlde Mustard and
4-Hydroxycyclophosphamide. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
M. F. Bryant, G. L. Erexson, and A. D. Kligerman.
C1989,9p EPA/600/ J-89/231
Pub. in Mutation Research, v222 p271-277 1989. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Environmental Health Re-
search and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.,
and Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
Cyclophosphamide (CO) and two of its known metabo-
lites, 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide (4-OHCP) and
phosphoramide mustard (PAM), were analyzed for
their ability to induce sister chromatid exchanges
(SCEs) in mouse peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs)
in vitro and in vivo. It is concluded that at equimdar
concentrations, CP is a more potent SCE inducer in
vivo than PAM and that PAM and 4-OHCP induce
equal numbers of SCEs in a dose-dependent manner.
The present study also shows that these metabolites
of CP are more potent SCE inducers than CP itself in
vitro. This relationship might be explained by the differ-
ences in pharmacokinetics of these compounds.
(Copyright (c) 1989 Elsevier Science Publishers. B.V.
(Biomedical Division).)
Keywords: 'Lymphocytes, 'Cyclophosphamide, In
vitro, In vivo, Exposure, Metabolism, Kinetics, Re-
prints, 'Sister chromatid exchange, 'Phosphoramide
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
mustards, 'Hydroxycyclophosphamide, Dose-re-
sponse relationships, Cell cycle, Antitumor drug
screening assays, Mutagenicity tests.
PB90-146002/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park. NC.
Radlofrequency Radiation-Induced Calcium Ion
Efflux Enhancement from Human and Other Neu-
roblastoma Cell* In Culture (Journal Article).
Howard Univ., Washington, DC.
S. K. Dutta, B. Ghosh, and C. F. Blackman. c1989,8p
EPA/600/J-89/230
Pub. in Bioelectromagnetics, v10 p197-202 1989. See
also DE88011609. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC., and Depart-
ment of Energy, Washington, DC.
In order to test the generality of radiofrequency-radi-
ation-induced change in alteration of (45)Ca(2+)
efflux from avian and feline brain tissues, human neu-
roblastoma cells were exposed to electromagnetic ra-
diation at 147 MHz, amplitude modulated (AM) at 16
Hz, at specific absorption rates (SAR) of 0.1, 0.05,
0.01, 0.005, 0.001, and 0.0005 W/kg. Significant
(45)Ca(2+) efflux was obtained at SAR values of 0.05
and 0.005 W/kg. Enhanced efflux at 0.05 W/kg
peaked at the 13-to-16 Hz and at the 57.5-to-60 Hz
modulation ranges. A Chinese hamster-mouse hybrid
neuroblastoma was also shown to exhibit enhanced
radiation-induced (45)Ca(2+) efflux at an SAR of 0.05
W/kg, using 147 MHz, AM at 16 Hz. These results con-
firm that amplitude-modulated radiofrequency radi-
ation can induce responses in cells of nervous tissue
origin from widely different animal species including
humans. The results are also consistent with the re-
ports of similar findings in avian and feline brain tissue
reported by others and indicate the general nature of
the phenomenon. (Copyright (c) 1989 Alan R. Liss,
Inc.)
Keywords: "Calcium, 'Neuroblastoma, *Radio fre-
§uencies, Exposure, Amplitude modulation, Ions, Cats,
irds, Humans, Reprints, 'Radiation effects, Radiation
absorption analysis, Dose-response relationships, Chi-
nese hamsters, Cultured tumor cells.
PB90-146010/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Perinatal Monotodlum Qlutamate Ad-
ministration on Visual Evoked Potentials of Juve-
nile and Adult Rats. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Neurotoxicology Div.
G. C. Rigdon, W. K. Boyes, and R. S. Dyer. C1989,10p
EPA/600/J-89/229
Pub. in Neurotoxicology and Teratology, v11 p121-128
1989.
Administration of high doses of monosodium gluta-
mate (MSG) to rats during the first postnatal week re-
sults in severe losses of retinal ganglion cells and in-
terneurons in the retina. The study was conducted to
determine what effect this severe retinal damage
would have upon the ontogeny of rat flash evoked po-
tentials (FEPs) and the adult pattern reversal evoked
potentials(PREP). MSG (4 mg/g) or isotonic saline
was administered to rat pups daily from postnatal day
(PND) 2 until PND 9. FEPs were recorded following 2
stimulation frequencies from unanesthetized, unre-
strained MSG treated and control rats on PND 15,
PND 22, and PND 60 or older. PREPs were recorded
from unanesthetized, restrained rats older than PND
60 from each treatment group. On PND 15, 9 of 12
control animals exhibited responses to light flashes,
while only 4 of 12 MSG treated animals did so. All ani-
mals from both treatment groups exhibited FEPs on
PND 22. All FEP peak latencies were significantly in-
creased in MSG treated animals with the magnitude of
the effect being greater during development. Perinatal
MSG treatment results in profound alterations in FEP
ontogeny and the generation of PREPs.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, Damage, Rats, Exposure, Flash
lamps, Optic nerve, Dosimetry, Retina,
Graphs(Charts), Aging(Biology), Reprints, 'Sodium
glutamate, 'Visual evoked potentials, Dose-response
relationships, Maternal-fetal exchange.
PB90-146028/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Emerging Methodologies for Assessment of Com-
plex Mixtures: Application of Bioassays In the In-
tegrated Air Cancer Project. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
J. Lewtas. c1989,14p EPA/600/J-89/228
Pub. in Toxicology and Industrial Health, v5 n5 p839-
8501989.
The assessment of complex mixtures of environmental
pollutants requires new interdisciplinary strategies.
The integration of bioassay methodologies into these
strategies is an important tool which provides direct
evidence of the toxicity of a mixture. Short-term genet-
ic bioassays are now widely used in the cancer as-
sessment of complex mixtures. New and emerging
interdisciplinary methodologies for the assessment of
complex mixtures using bioassays are illustrated by
the EPA's Integrated Air Cancer Project. The goals of
the project are to identify the major airborne carcino-
gens and their emission sources, and to improve the
methodology and data available for human exposure
and risk assessment from airborne carcinogens. The
research effort is focused primarily on characterizing
the impact of complex mixtures of products of incom-
plete combustion, including gaseous, semi-volatile,
and particle-bound organic species. (Copyright (c)
1989 Princeton Scientific Publishing Co., Inc.)
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Carcinogens, Humans, Ex-
posure, Mutations, Test methods, Bioassay, Combus-
tion products, Dosimetry, Transformation, Smoke,
Gases, Reprints, DNA adducts, Mutagenicity tests,
High pressure liquid chromatography.
PB90-146036/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Analysis of the Genotoxlclty of Nine Acrylate/
Methacrylate Compound* In L5178Y Mouse Lym-
Rhoma Cells. Journal article,
ealth Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
K. L. Dearfield, C. S. Millis, K. Harrington-Brock, C. L.
Doerr, and M. M. Moore. C1989,15p EPA/600/J-89/
227
Pub. in Mutagenesis, v4 n5 p381-393 1989. Prepared
in cooperation with Environmental Health Research
and Testing, Inc., Durham, NC.
Nine acrylate/methacrylate esters were tested for the
induction of mutations, aberrations, and micronuclei in
cultured L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells without exog-
enous activation. With the exception of 2-ethylhexyl
acrylate, and dicyclopentenyloxyethyl methacrylate
which produced equivocal responses, the other seven
compounds (2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, dicyclopenteny-
loxyethyl acrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, te-
traethylene glycol dimethacrylate, trimethylolpropane
triacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, and
pentaerythritol triacrylate) produced positive genotoxic
responses with different potencies. Primarily small-
colony, TFT-resistant mutants were induced, suggest-
ing a clastogenic mechanism that was supportecfby in-
creased aberration and micronucleus frequencies.
Generally, it was found that multifunctional com-
pounds (esters with more than 1 functional vinyl group)
required lower concentrations than monofunctional
compounds to induce maximal cytotoxic, mutagenic,
and clastogenic responses. In addition, acrylates were
generally more potent than their corresponding metha-
crylates.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Lymphomas, 'Acrylates, 'Meth-
acrylates, Tables(Data), Graph(Charts), Mice, Muta-
tions, Cell nucleus, Esters, Reprints, 'Mutagenicity
tests, Dose-response relationships, Risk assessment,
Cultured cells.
PBM-146044/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Influenza Virus-Specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte
Activity in Fischer 344 Rat Lunge as a Method to
Assess Pulmonary Immunocompetence: Effect of
Phosgene Inhalation. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. P. Ehrlich, A. F. Gunnison, and G. R. Burleson.
c1989,12p EPA/600/ J-89/226
Pub. in Inhalation Toxicology, v1 p129-138 1989. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC., and New York Univ. Medi-
cal Center, NY. Inst, of Environmental Medicine.
The study utilized a rat influenza virus-infectivity model
to determine alterations in an important host antiviral
immunological response following an acute 4.0 hr ex-
posure to 1.0 ppm phosgene. The effect on the specif-
ic antiviral immune response of the pulmonary cyto-
toxic T lymphocyte (CTL) was determined as the
measure of toxicity. A significant suppression in the
CTL response was detected 10 days post infection, a
time during which peak activity is normally detected in
control rats. No alterations were detected in pulmo-
nary cell populations at this time, indicating that phos-
gene exposure alters the functional CTL activity. The
CTL activity is believed to be an important antiviral im-
munological defense mechanism. CTL activity is the
first specific immunological defense mechanism: inad-
equate CTL activity resulting from toxicant exposure
couid result in an enhanced and significantly pro-
longed pulmonary virus infection. (Copyright (c) 1989
Hemisphere Publishing Corporation.)
Keywords: 'Lungs, 'Respiration, 'Toxicity, 'Phos-
gene, Body weight, Rats, Exposure, Models, infectious
diseases, Reprints, *T lymphocytes, 'immunologic cy-
totoxicity, 'Orthomyxoviruses, Dose-response rela-
tionships.
PB90-146051/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effects of Phosgene Exposure on Bacterial, Viral,
and Neoplastic Lung Disease Susceptibility In
Mice. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. K. Selgrade, D. M. Starnes, J. W. Illing, M. J.
Daniels, and J. A. Graham. c1989,19p EPA/600/J-
89/225
Pub. in Inhalation Toxicology, v1 p243-259 1989.
The effects of phosgene inhalation exposure on host
resistance models representative of bacterial, viral,
and neoplastic lung diseases were assessed. A single
4 h exposure to concentrations of phosgene of 0.025
ppm and above significantly enhanced mortality due to
aerosol infection with Streptococcus zooepidimicus
and significantly increased the number of B16 melano-
ma tumors which developed in the lungs of mice fol-
lowing intravenous inoculation of syngeneic tumor
cells. In contrast, 5 daily 4 h exposures to 0.5 ppm
phosgene did not affect mortality following infection
with influenza virus. Bacteria recovered from lavage
fluid of mice exposed to 0.05 ppm for 4 h increased be-
tween 3 and 48 h post infection while bacteria recov-
ered from lavage fluid of air-exposed mice declined to
nearly undetectable levels. The data indicate that ex-
posure to phosgene concentrations equal to 1-25% of
the current TLV (0.1 ppm) significantly enhanced sus-
ceptibility to bacterial and tumor diseaae in mice.
(Copyright (c) 1989 by Hemisphere Publishing Corpo-
ration.)
Keywords: 'Respiratory diseases, 'Phosgene, 'Lung
neoplasms, influenza, Exposure, Mice, Mortality,
Models, Graphs(Charts), Infectious diseases'
Cells(Biology), Reprints, 'Immune response, 'Disease
susceptibility, 'Air pollution effects(Animals), Strepto-
coccus zooepidimicus, Dose-response relationships,
Virus diseases, B16 melanoma, Phagocytosis, Bacte-
rial infections.
PB9O-146069/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Multiple-Site Carcinogenicity of Benzene In Fisch-
er 344 Rats and B6C3F1 Mice. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. E. Huff, J. K. Haseman, D. M. DeMarini, S. Eustis,
and R. R. Maronpot. c1989,42p EPA/600/J-89/224
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v82 p125-
163 1989.Portions of this document are not fully legi-
ble. Prepared in cooperation with National Inst of En-
vironmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Parte,
NC., Battelle Columbus Div., OH., and Michigan Univ!!
Ann Arbor.
Two-year toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of
benzene were conducted in groups of 50 F344/N rats
and 50 B6C3F1 mice of each sex and for each of three
exposure doses and vehicle controls. These studies
were conducted because of large production volume
and widespread human exposure to benzene, be-
cause of the epidemiologic association with leukemia
and because previous studies were considered in«K^
equate for determining carcinogenicity. Doses of 0 60
100 or 200 mg/kg body weight benzene in com oil is
ml/kg) were administered by gavage to male rats, s
days per week for 103 weeks. Doses of O, 25, 55 w
100 mg/kg benzene in com oil were administered' by
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
gavage to female rats and to male and female mice for
103 weeks. At week 92 for rats and week 91 for mice,
survival was greater than 60% in all groups; most of
the animals that died before week 103 had neoplasia.
Benzene-associated nonneoplastic or neoplastic ef-
fects on the hematopoietic system, Zymbal gland,
forestomach, and adrenal gland were found for rats
and mice.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Benzenes, Rats, Mice,
Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), Exposure, Statistical
analysis, Survival, Reprints, 'Carcinogenicity tests,
Mutagenicity tests, Dose-response relationships. Mul-
tiple primary neoplasms.
PB9O-146077/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Comparative Yield* of Mutagens from Cigarette
Smokers' Urine Obtained by Using Solid-Phase
Extraction Techniques. Journal article.
Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
R W. Williams, T. Pasley, R. Watts, J. Inmon, and J.
Fitzgerald. c19B9.9p EPA/600/J-89/223
Contract EPA-68-02-4456
Pub. in Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 14,
p20-26 1989. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Urine from cigarette smokers was prepared for muta-
genicity testing by extracting mutagens with solid-
phase extraction columns. Commercially available pre-
packed bonded silicas (Octadecycle, cyclohexyl, cyan-
opropyl) were compared for their ability to concentrate
the urinary mutagens. Recovered urinary metabolites
were evaluated for mutagenic activity by using a mi-
croreversion assay with Salmonella typhimurium.
Dose-response data indicated that while mutagens
were recovered by all three adsorbents, samples pre-
pared by using the bonded cyanopropyl columns yield-
ed the most bloactivity and/or the least amount of test
organism toxicity. (Copyright (c) 1989 Alan R. Liss,
Inc.)
Keywords: 'Mutagens, 'Smoking, 'Chemical analysis,
Urine, Graphs(Charts), Bioassay, Salmonella typhimur-
ium, Ultraviolet spectroscopy, Reprints, High pressure
liquid chromatography, Mutagenicity tests, Dose-re-
sponse relationships.
PB90-146085/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Polychlorlnated Biphenyl (Aroclor 1254) Induced
Changes In Femur Morphometry Calcium Metabo-
lism and Nephrotoxicity. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
j^Andrews. C1989,16p EPA/600/J-89/222
Pub. in Toxicology 57, p83-961989.
Experiments were performed to investigate the effects
of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) on calcium metabo-
lism, femur morphometry, and nephrotoxicity. Fischer
344 rats were dosed daily IG for 5, 10, or 15 weeks
with 0,0.1,1,10 or 25 mg PCB/kg body weight. After
5 10 and 15 weeks, liver weight and liver-to-body
vraight ratio were increased at the two higher dose
levels. Overt toxicity was observed at the highest dose
level after 10 and 15 weeks as evidenced by signifi-
cantly smaller body weight. Urinary alkaline phospha-
tase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were elevat-
ed at 5, 10 and 15 weeks of PCB exposure and the
kidney-to-body weight ratios were elevated at the 10
and 25 mg/kg dose levels after 10 and 15 weeks of ex-
posure indicating nephrotoxicity. Hypercalcemia was
present at the highest dose level after 5 and 10 weeks
of exposure but serum calcium concentration was
normal at 15 weeks. Serum triglycerides were signifi-
cantly elevated after 5 weeks of exposure but were
significantly decreased after 10 and 15 weeks of PCB
exposure. Serum cholesterol was significantly elevat-
edat the two higher dose levels at all three periods.
The results demonstrate that PCB exposure effects
calcium metabolism and bone morphometry and is
nephrotoxic. (Copyright (c) 1989 Elsevier Scientific
Publishers Ireland, Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Calcium, 'Femur, 'Toxicity, 'Kidney, 'Me-
tabolism, Exposure, Tables(Data), Rats, Liver, Kidney,
Body weight, Blood serum, Ratios, Reprints, 'Poly-
chlorinated biphenyl compounds, 'Aroclor, Dose-re-
sponse relationships, Lactate dehydrogenase, Alka-
line phosphatase.
PB90-146093/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab.. Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Insect Virus: Assays for Toxic Effects and Trans-
formation Potential in Mammalian Cells. Journal ar-
ticle.
Northrop Services, Inc./Environmental Sciences, Re-
search triangle Park, NC.
P. C. Hartig, M. A. Chapman, G. G. Hatch, and C. Y.
Kawanishi. C1989,7p EPA/600/J-89/221
Contract EPA-68-02-4450
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v55
n8 p1916-1920 1989. Sponsored by Health Effects
Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The increased sensitivity and reproducibility of two
new assays developed for inclusion in Subdivision M of
the Pesticide Assessment Guidelines are demonstrat-
ed. The IRS assay for toxicity and SHE/SA7 transfor-
mation assay were utilized together with presently rec-
ommended mammalian cell culture tests on a candi-
date viral pesticide. The results show that the IRS
assay was capable of showing the cytotoxicity of the
pestickial agent in more different human cell lines and
at lower dosages than the presently prescribed tests.
The SHE/SA7 assay had significantly lower spontane-
ous transformation levels than the Balb/c 3T3 test.
(Copyright (c) 1989, American Society for Microbiolo-
gy)
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Viruses, 'Insects, Mammals,
Cells(Biology), Pesticides, Exposure, Tables(Data),
Bioassay, In vitro analysis, Sensitivity, Reproducibility,
Reprints, 'Autographa californica, 'Viral cell transfor-
mation, 'Biological pest control, Dose-response rela-
tionships, Cell survival.
PB90-146101/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Peak N160 of Rat Flash Evoked Potential: Does It
Reflect Habituation or Sensitization. Journal arti-
cle.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. S. Dyer. C1989,10p EPA/600/J-89/220
Pub. in Physiology and Behavior, v45 p355-362 1989.
Flash evoked potentials recorded from awake rats
contain a negative peak occurring about 160 msec
after the flash (N160). This peak has been associated
with a specific level of arousal and/or habituation. The
current studies attempted to determine whether
changes in N160 amplitude which accompany repeat-
ed testing reflect processes associated with sensitiza-
tion or habituation. The paper describes experiments
in Long-Evans hooded rats which demonstrate the ef-
fects of repeated testing, varying stimulus intensity,
varying stimulus frequency, and discharging an alarm
bell before and during a test session. Repeated testing
produced increases in N160 amplitude which were
greater at high than low stimulus intensities. Repeated
exposure to the test chamber without flashing did not
alter N160 amplitude, nor did altering stimulus rate
within the range of 0.5 to 4.0 Hz. Discharging an alarm
increased N160 amplitude. Taken together, the data
suggest that amplitude of N160 more closely reflects
sensitization to the stimulus than habituation to either
the stimulus or any feature of the test situation.
Keywords:	'Stimulus(Psychophysiology),
'Habituation(Learnlng), 'Pseudoconditioning, Rats,
Arousal, Intensity, Graphs(Charts), Animal behavior,
Reprints, 'Flashing, 'Peak n 160, 'Visual evoked po-
tentials, Temporal dose distributions, Pattern recogni-
tion.
PB90-1461 IB/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Neurotoxicology Div.
Carbon Monoxide Exposure and Human Visual
Detection Thresholds. Journal article.
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Psycholo-
fff K. Hudnell, and V. A. Benignus. c1989,11 p EPA/
600/J-89/219
Contract EPA-68-02-3800
Pub. in Neurotoxicology and Teratology, v11 p363-37l
1989. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Neurotoxicology Div.
In order to test for low level CO exposure effects on
vision, a battery of visual tests was administered to
male college students. All subjects completed the bat-
tery of tests both before and during an exposure period
in a double-blind study. Experimental subjects re-
ceived CO during the exposure period, whereas con-
trol subjects received only room air. The battery of
visual tests was designed for the assessment of sco-
topic (dark adapted, rod mediated) vision, photopic
(light adapted, cone mediated) vision, the pattern de-
tection process and the motion detection process.
Contrast thresholds for the detection of stimulus pat-
tern and for the detection of stimulus motion were
measured under both photopic and scotopic viewing
conditions, and sensitivity was monitored throughout
the course of dark adaptation by measuring luminance
thresholds. The results indicated that visual function in
healthy, young adult males was not affected by a
COHb level of about 17% which was maintained for
over 2 hours.
Keywords: 'Visual perception, 'Carbon monoxide,
'Thresholds(Perception), 'Toxicity, Graphs(Charts),
Dark adaption, Test methods, Sensitivity, Motion, Ex-
posure, Humans, Reprints, Carboxyhemoglobin, Dose-
response relationships.
PB90-146127/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Sensitivity of Rat and Mouse Peripheral Blood
Lymphocytes to BaP Adduction and SCE (Sister
Chromatid Exchange) Formation. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
A. D. Kligerman, S. Nesnow, G. L. Erexson, K. Earley,
and R. C. Gupta. C1989,7p EPA/600/ J-89/218
Pub. in Carcinogenesis, vIO n6 p1041-1045 1989. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Environmental Health Re-
search and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.,
and Baylor Coll. of Medicine, Houston, TX. Dept. of
Pharmacology.
Both mice and rats were injected i.p. with doses of
benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) ranging from 10 to 100 mg/kg
to compare species sensitivity to SCE induction and
DNA adduct formation, as well as the relationship be-
tween these endpoints. Twenty-four hours after injec-
tion, blood was removed by cardiac puncture and the
PBLs analyzed for both DNA adduct formation by
(32)P-postlabeling and SCE induction following lym-
phocyte culture. B(a)P induced similar, but not identi-
cal, SCE dose-response curves for each species. After
B(a)P administration, the major DNA adduct, BPDEI-
dGuo, was approximately tenfold more prevalent in the
PBLs of the mouse than the rat. If one assumes that
BPDEI-dGuo is responsible for the observed SCE in-
duction in each species, then this adduct is a much
more efficient SCE inducer in the rat than the mouse.
Alternatively, the major adduct may not be causally re-
lated to SCE induction. Even though many more ad-
ducts are formed in the PBLs of the mouse compared
to those of the rat, the rat is the preferred subject for
this type of study because of the large amount of blood
that can be obtained from each animal as well as the
linearity of the dose-response curve for DNA adducts
in the PBLs of this species.
Keywords: 'Lymphocytes, 'Toxicology, Mice, Rats,
Exposure, Genetics, Reprints, *DNA damage, 'Sister
chromatid exchange, *Benzo(a)pyrene, Dose-re-
sponse relationships.
PB90-146135/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effects of the Benomyl Metabolite, Carbendazlm,
on the Hypothalamic-Pltultary Reproductive Axis
In the Male Rat. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. M. Goldman, G. L. Rehnberg, R. L. Cooper, L. E.
Gray, and J. F. Hein. C1989,12p EPA/600/J-89/217
Pub. in Toxicology 57, p173-182 1989. Prepared in co-
operation with NSI Technology Services Corp., Re-
search T riangle Park, NC.
Carbendazim (MBC), the bioactive metabolite of the
fungicide benomyl, has been reported to induce a
number of testicular alterations in male rats. In order to
broaden an exploration of its effects on the reproduc-
tive system, the present study focused on the possible
presence of concurrent endocrine changes in the hy-
pothalamic and pituitary components of the brain-pitui-
tary-testicular axis. Subchronic administration of MBC
(50, 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg) was found to cause a
dose-related elevation in serum follicle-stimulating hor-
mone (FSH) and pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH).
Values for prolactin and thyroid-stimulating hormone
remained unchanged. The effect on FSH was associ-
ated with fertility status and independent of serum tes-
tosterone. It may be linked to alterations in Sertoli cell-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
pituitary signaling. Changes in pituitary LH at 400 mg/
kg were unrelated to fertility and suggest an influence
or MBC on LH metabolism. (Copyright (c) 1989 Else-
vier Scientific Publishers Ireland Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Reproduction(Biology), Metabolism,
Males, Blood, Reprints, *Hypothalamo-hypophyseal
system, 'Carbendazim, "Benomyl, FSH, LH, Pituitary
hormone releasing hormones, Organ weight, Radioim-
munoassay.
PB90-146143/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Circulating Factors that Modify Lung Cell DNA
Synthesis Following Exposure to Inhaled Oxi-
dants. 1. Effect of Serum and Lavage on Lung Fi-
broblasts Following Exposure of Adult Rats to 1
ppm Ozone. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
A. K. Tanswell, L. J. Fraher, and E. C. Grose. C1989,
1 Bp EPA/600/J-89/216
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health
27, p239-254 1989. Prepared in cooperation with Uni-
versity of Western Ontario, London.
Adult rats were exposed to 1 ppm (1.96 mg/cu m)
ozone or air for 2 weeks. Animals were sacrificed at 3,
5, 7, or 14 days after the onset of exposure and sam-
ples of plasma and lung lavage obtained. Heat inacti-
vated plasma, from animals exposed to ozone for 7 or
14 days, significantly increased ONA synthesis by lung
fibroblasts compared with plasma from air exposed
animals. Fractionation of plasma and lavage samples
indicated that the factor responsible had an isoelectric
point of 6.45-6.75, and a molecular weight of 32 + /- 2
Kd. This factor has a dose-dependent effect on lung fi-
broblasts in culture, but no significant effect on cul-
tured pneumocyte DNA synthesis. The factor is detect-
able within 72 hours of exposure, and may hold some
promise as a marker of early oxidant lung injury. (Copy-
right (c) 1989, Hemisphere Publishing Corporation.)
Keywords: "Deoxyribonucleic acids, 'Lung, 'Ozone,
Respiration, Exposure, Blood, Cells(Biology), Oxi-
dizers. pH, Bioassay, Statistical analysis, Reprints,
Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, Fibroblasts, Isoelectric
focusing, High performance liquid chromatography.
PB90-146150/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of Acrylamlde on Mouse Germ-Line and
Somatic Cell Chromosomes. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L C. Backet, K. L. Deartietd, G. L. Erexson, J. A.
Campbell, and B. Westbrook-Collins. c1989,10p EPA/
600/J-89/215
Pub. in Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis,
v13 p218-226 1989. Prepared in cooperation with En-
vironmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The industrial chemical acrylamide is suspected to be
an agent which induces potentially heritable genetic
damage. While several studies in rodents have indicat-
ed that this substance can damage spermiogenlc cells
resulting in dominant lethals and heritable transloca-
tions, cytogenetic assessments of pre-meiotic and
meiotic cells after exposure have produced equivocal
results. (Copyright (c) 1989 Alan R. Liss, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Acrylamide copolymers, 'Toxicity, 'Chro-
mosomes, Lymphocytes, Spleen, Mice, Exposure, Re-
productive system, Germ cells, Tables(Data), Bone
marrow, Reprints, DNA repair, Dose-response rela-
tionships, Sister chromatid exchange, Micronucleus
test, Chromosome aberrations, Meiosis.
PB90-146168/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Immunotoxlclty of Trlbutyltin Oxide In Rata Ex-
posed a* Adults or Pre-Weanllngt. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. J. Smialowicz, M. M. Riddle, R. R. Rogers, R. W.
Luebke, and C. B. Copeland. c1989,17p EPA/600/J-
89/214
Pub. in Toxicology, v57 p97-111 1989.
A comparison was made between adult and pre-wean-
ing rats of the immunotoxic effects of acute dosing
with bis(tri-n-butyltin) oxide (TBTO). Adult (9 week old)
male Fischer rats were dosed by oral gavage with
TBTO for ten consecutive days at 2.5 to 10 mg/kg/
dose or three times per week for a total of ten doses at
1.25 to 20 mg/kg/dose. Adult rats similarly dosed by
oral gavage with 6 mg/kg/dose cyclophosphamide
(CY) served as positive controls. Pre-weaning rats (3
to 24 days old) were dosed three times per week for a
total of ten doses at 2.5,5 or 10 mg/kg/dose. The data
indicate that exposure of young rats to TBTO resulted
in immune alterations at doses lower than those re-
quired to suppress responses in adults and as such
are similar to earlier observations on the enhanced im-
munotoxicity of the organotin compound dioctyltin di-
chloride (DOTC) in pre-weaning rats. (Copyright (c)
1989 Elsevier Scientific Publishers Ireland, Ltd.)
Keywords: "Toxicity, Cyclophosphamide, Rats,
Graph(Charts), Exposure, Lymphocytes, Reprints,
'Tributyltin oxide, 'Immune system, Dose-response
relationships, Dioctyltin dichloride, Lymphoid tissue,
Natural killer cells, T lymphocytes, Immunologic cyto-
toxicity.
PB90-146176/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effect of Lindane on Hormonal Control of Repro-
ductive Function In the Female Rat. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. L. Cooper, R. W. Chadwick, G. L. Rehnberg, J. M.
Goldman, and K. C. Booth. c1989,13p EPA/600/J-
89/213
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 99,
p384-394 1989. Prepared in cooperation with NSI
Technology Sen/ices Corp., Research Triangle Park,
NC.
The effect of the gamma isomer of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexach-
lorocyclohexane (Y-HCH), lindane, on reproductive
function in the female rat was examined in two experi-
ments. In the first experiment, chronic treatment with
0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg lindane delayed vaginal
opening and disrupted ovarian cyclicity until approxi-
mately 110 days of age. Thereafter regular ovarian
cycles were present in the majority of females in all
dose groups. When sacrificed on the day of vaginal
proestrus, the females receiving the two higher doses
of lindane had smaller pituitary and uterine weights,
lower serum and pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and
prolactin and higher pituitary follicle stimulating hor-
mone (FSH) concentrations than the oil-treated con-
trol females. In a second experiment, the uterine
weight and pituitary hormone response to a 10 micro
injection of estradiol benzoate (EB) to 28-day-old, lin-
dane-treated females was investigated. The uterine
weights of the lindane treated prepubertal females
were significantly lower than controls at 30 hs after EB
injection. Data indicate that lindane may effectively
block the response of estrogen-dependent tissues to
this ovarian steroid hormone and that this apparent an-
tiestrogenic effect of lindane is responsible for the dis-
turbances observed in the neuroendocrine control of
ovarian function in the rat. (Copyright (c) 1989 by Aca-
demic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Chlorobenzenes, 'Reproductive system,
'Toxicity, Rats, Female, Estradiol, Sex glands, Cycles,
Tables(Data), Pituitary gland, Oman weight, Reprints,
'Pituitary hormones, 'Lindane, Sex hormones, Dose-
response relationships.
PB90-146184/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Development and Validation of the Spiral Salmo-
nella Aaaay: An Automated Approach to Bacterial
Mutagenicity Teating. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
V. S. Houk, S. Schalkowsky, and L. D. Claxton. c1989,
18p EPA/600/J-89/212
Pub. in Mutation Research, v223 p49-64 1989. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Spiral System Instruments,
Inc., Bethesda, MD.
Several automated approaches to Salmonella mutage-
nicity testing have been proposed in recent years but
have failed to gain acceptance in the scientific commu-
nity due to poor performance or lack of demonstrated
usefulness. The paper reports on an automated
system that successfully generates dose-response
data and, moreover, reduces the labor, materials, and
sample mass required to obtain such information. In
the standard Salmonella plate-incorporation assay,
dose-response relationships are defined by testing dis-
crete doses of the test agent on a series of agar plates.
In contrast, the spiral Salmonella assay generates
dose-response data from a continuous concentration
gradient on a single agar plate. Upon analysis, each
spiral plate yields a dose-response curve consisting of
13 data points that span a concentration range of
about 15:1. The performance of the spiral Salmonella
assay was compared to that of the conventional plate-
incorporation assay using 13 mutagens and 7 nonmu-
tagens selected from a variety of chemical classes.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Salmonella typhimuriun, 'Muta-
gens, Cyclophosphamide, Sodium azides, Test meth-
ods, Reprints, 'Mutagenicity tests, Dose-response re-
lationships.
PB90-146192/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
CCI4/CHCI3 Interaction Study In Isolated Hepato-
cytes: Selection of a Vehicle. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
T. M. O'Hara, J. F. Borzelleca, E. C. Clarke, M. A.
Sheppard, and L. W. Condie. c1989,13p EPA/600/J-
89/205
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 13, p605-
615 1989. Prepared in cooperation with Virginia Com-
monwealth Univ., Richmond. Dept. of Pharmacology
and Toxicology.
Emulphor, ethanol and DMSO were evaluated as vehi-
cles in studying the toxicity of CC14 and CHC13 in iso-
lated hepatocytes. Appropriateness of the vehicle was
determined by evaluating the following parameters:
solubility of CC14 and CHC13 in the vehicle, cell injury
(intracellular K+), cell death (LDH leakage) and lack
of interaction (protection or enhanced toxicity) with
CC14 and CHC13. The relative toxicity of the vehicles
according to maximum no effect levels (v/v) was:
emulphor (0.125%) > ethanol (1.0%) > DMSO
(5.0%). Emulphor at toxic levels was inadequate to
dissolve enough CC14 to evaluate in this system. Eth-
anol (5.0, 2.5,1.0, 0.5%) was more toxic man DMSO
and interacted with both CC14 and CHC13 to enhance
toxicity of CC14 and CHC13; no interaction. These
data suggest that DMSO should be the vehicle for
evaluating the toxicity of CC14 and CHC13 and their
mechanisms of action in the isolated hepatocyte.
(Copyright (c) 1989 Society of Toxicology.)
Keywords: "Carbon tetrachloride, 'Chloroform, 'Liver,
'Toxicity, Cells(Blo)ogy). Ethyl alcohol. In vitro analy-
sis, Potassium, Deoxyribonucleic acids,
Graphs(Charts), Lactate dehydrogenase, Reprints, Di-
methyl sulfoxide, Cell survival, Emulphor, Drug interac-
tions.
PB90-146200/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Serum and Testicular Testosterone and Androgen
Binding Protein Profiles Following Subchronle
Treatment with Carbendazim. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triartde
Park, NC.
G. L. Rehnberg, R. L. Cooper, J. M. Goldman, L E.
Gray, and J. F. Hein. c1989,9p EPA/600/J-89/211
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 101,
p55-61 1989. Prepared in cooperation with NSI Tectv
nology Services Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
While the general toxicity of the benzimidazole pesti-
cides for mammals is low, one of these compounds,
Carbendazim, causes degeneration of testicular tissue
and decreases spermatogenic activity at doses well
below the LD50 value. An earlier study showed ttat
treatment with 400 mg/kg/d MBC resulted in severe
seminiferous tubular atrophy and infertility. Since spar,
matogenesis is an androgen dependent process, the
study characterizes the effects of MBC (0-400 mg/kg/
d) on the endocrine function of the rat testes. The 400/
kg dose resulted in increased concentration of both
testosterone and ABP in the IF and SNF and elevated
serum ABP, with no change In serum testosterone, tt is
concluded that SNF testosterone may be a result of
two factors, increased IF testosterone concentrations
and decreased testosterone outflow from the testis to
the general circulation. Also, increased ABP In th« if
may reflect a change in the relative secretion of ABP
into the IF and the seminiferous tubules. (Copyright (cV
1989 American Academy Press, Inc.)
Keywords: "Testosterone, "Androgen, 'Toxicitv
Blood serum, Treatment, Pesticides, Degradation
Testis, Reprints. "Protein binding, "Carbendazim!
Lethal dose 50, Dose-response relationships, lnfert£
ity, Sex hormones.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-146218/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Role of Steroid Hormones and Decidual Induction
In the Regulation of Adenosine Dlphosphorlbosyl
Transferase Activity In Rat Endometrium. Journal
article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
A. M. Cummings. C1989,10p EPA/600/J-89/210
Pub. in Endocrinology 124, n3 p1408-1416 1989. Pre-
sented at the Annual Meetings of the Society for the
Study of Reproduction (20th and 21st).
To assess the effect of ovarian steroid hormones on
enzyme activity, adenosine diphosphoribosyl transfer-
ase (ADPRT) was measured in endometrial nuclei iso-
lated on estrus and on d 4 from rats ovariectomized on
estrus (d 0) and treated d 0-3 with vehicle, 1 microg es-
trone/d (E), 1 mg progesterone on d 0 and 2 mg d 1-3
(P), or the 2 hormones combined (E + P). Decidual in-
duction in rats treated with E+P through d 8 demon-
strated the ability of the combination treatment to sup-
port a decidual response comparable to that of pseu-
dopregnancy. Characteristics of ADPRT were as-
sessed by the determination of assay optima, and the
identity of the reaction product as poly(ADP-ribose)
was confirmed. Deoxyribonuclease-stimulated activity
(total) was higher than non-stimulated ADPRT activity
(endogenous) in all assays except on estrus. Estrone
treatment produced an increase in ADPRT activity ac-
companied by increased DNA content, tissue mass,
and total protein. (Copyright (c) 1989 The Endocrine
Society.)
Keywords: "Steroids, 'Hormones, "Transferases,
Rats, Deoxyribonucleic acids, Estrogens,
Graphs(Charts), Enzymes, Cell nucleus, Reprints, 'En-
dometrium, 'Adenosine diphosphate ribase, Dose-re-
sponse relationships, NAD.
PB90-146226/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Bacterial Mutagenicity of New Cyclopenta-Fused
Cata-Annelated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocar-
bona, and Identification of the Major Metabolites
of Beni(|)Acephenanthyrylene Formed by Aro-
ctor-Treated Rat Liver Microsomes. Journal article.
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Environ-
mental Sciences and Engineering.
L M. Ball. S. H. Warren, R. Sangaiah, S. Nesnow, and
A Gold. c1989,1 3d EPA/600/J-89/209
piib. in Jnl. of Mutation Research, v224 p115-125
1989. Prepared in cooperation with Environmental
Health Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle
Park NC. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Three novel cyclopenta-fused polycyclic aromatic hy-
drocarbons,	benz(d)aceanthrylene,
benz(k)aceanthrylene, and benz(j)acephenanthryiene,
were synthesized and evaluated for mutagenic activity
in the Ames Salmonella typhimurium plate incorpora-
tion assay. The two benzoaceanthrylene derivatives
ware active at low S9 concentrations In strain TA98 (4
and 27 rev/nmole respectively), as had been predicted
from the calculated Delta deloc/B values of the carbo-
cations derived from opening of the cyclopenta-fused
epoxide rings, but the majority of this mutagenicity ap-
peared to be due to free-radical decompositioniprod-
ucta of spontaneous endo peroxide formation. These
compounds were, therefore, not further investigated.
Benz(Dacephenanthrylene was also an indirect-acting
frameshift mutagen (8-12 rev/nmole in strain TA98),
but unlike most of the previously-assayed cyclopenta-
fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, exhibited no
oeak of activity at low S9 protein concentration. Con-
sideration of the reduced activity of this compound
compared to the related structure chrysene, the S9 de-
pendence curves, and the predicted Delta deloc/B
Haloes of the postulated active species, suggests that
in contrast to most other cyclopenta-fused polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons, bay region diol-epoxide forma-
tion plays a greater role than epoxidation of the cyclo-
oenta-fused ring in the metabolic activation of
benz(i)acephenanthrylene.(Copyrlght (c) 1989 Else-
vier Science Publishers B.V.(Biomedical Division).)
Keywords: 'Salmonella typhimurium, Rats, In vitro
analysts, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Ultraviolet
aaactroscopy, Metabolism, Reprints, 'Polycyclic hy-
drocarbons, 'Mutagenicity tests, 'Benzoaceanthy-
lanes. 'Liver microsomes, Metabolic activation, Aro-
ctor.
PB90-146234/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Neurobehavloral Effects of Trladimefon, a Tria-
zole Fungicide, In Male and Female Rats. Journal
article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
V. C. Moser, and R. C. Macphail. c1989,10p EPA/
600/J-89/208
Pub. in Neurotoxicology and Teralogy, v11 p285-293
1989. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services,
Inc./Environmental Sciences, Research Triangle Park,
NC.
Triadimefon is a widely used systemic fungicide, yet
there is little published information on its effects in
mammals. The study describes the effects of triadime-
fon in male and female rats using a functional observa-
tional battery (FOB), motor activity (measured in a
figure-eight maze), and operant performance (re-
sponding under a fixed-interval 3-min schedule). For
the FOB, Long-Evans hooded rats were tested imme-
diately before dosing and 0.5, 4, 24, and 48 hr after
dosing with either vehicle, 30,100, or 300 mg/kg triadi-
mefon i.p. Prominent effects of triadimefon 100 and
300 mg/kg included increased arousal, stereotypes in-
volving repetitive sniffing, head bobbing, and pacing,
and self-mutilation. Dose-related handling-induced
convulsions, changes in reflexes and sensory reactiv-
ity, hypothermia, and body weight loss were also signif-
icant findings. Doses of 30, 75, and 150 mg/kg tnadi-
mefon increased figure-eight maze activity whereas
300 mg/kg decreased activity. Thus triadimefon pro-
duced a neurotoxic syndrome which is unprecedented
in pesticides and is similar in many aspects to that pro-
duced by CNS stimulants.
Keywords: 'Animal behavior, 'Behavior disorders,
'Toxicity, Rats, Fungicides, Exposure, Graphs(Charts),
Dosimetry, Body temperature, Males, Females, Re-
prints, 'Triadimefon, Operant conditioning, Motor ac-
tivity, Dose-response relationships.
PB90-146242/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Differential Mutant Quantitation at the Mouse
Lymphoma TK and CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovary)
'HQPRT' Loci. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. M. Moore, K. Harrington-Brock, C. L. Doerr, and K.
L. Dearfield. C1989,13p EPA/600/J-89/207
Pub. in Mutagenesis, v4 n5 p394-403 1989. Prepared
in cooperation with Environmental Health Research
and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Recent reports by several laboratories indicate that
not all nonessential target loci are equally capable of
detecting chromosomal mutations. The present study
was undertaken to compare the ability of the tk locus in
mouse lymphoma cells and the hgprt locus in CHO
cells to quantitate chromosomal mutations. Seven
known mutagens for the tk locus were selected for
evaluation. From these investigations, it appears that
only those compounds that induce significant numbers
of large-colony tk mutants also induce significant num-
bers of hgprt mutants. Aberration analysis revealed
that both the mouse lymphoma and CHO cells re-
sponded to the clastogenicity of the compounds and
that neither cell line was clearly more sensitive to the
clastogens tested. The present study adds to the in-
creasing number of studies that support the view that
the hemlzygous nature of the hgprt locus permits the
recovery of mutations primarily affecting the function
of a single gene; whereas the heterozygous nature of
the tk locus permits the recovery of both single gene
and chromosomal mutations.
Keywords: 'Mutations, 'Toxicology, 'Lymphomas,
Mice, Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data), Hamsters, Acry-
lates, Reprints, 'Hypoaxanthine phosphoribosyltrans-
ferase, 'Thymidine kinase, 'Toxic substances. Dose-
response relationships, Chromosome aberrations.
PB90-146259/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Effect of Intrauterine PCB (Polychlorinated Bl-
phenyts) Exposure on Visual Recognition
Memory. Journal article.
Wayne State Univ., Detroit, Ml.
S. W. Jacobson, G. G. Fein, J. L. Jacobson, P. M.
Schwartz, and J. K. Dowler. c1985,10p EPA/600/J-
85/551
Grant EPA-R-808520010
Pub. in Child Development 56, p853-860 1985. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Maryland Univ., College
Park, Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, and New England
Medical Center, Boston, MA. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Adverse neonatal outcomes have been associated
with intrauterine exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs). In a follow-up study of exposed and nonex-
posed infants, 123 infants tested at birth were adminis-
tered Fagan's test of visual recognition memory at 7
months. Two measures of prenatal PCB exposure,
cord serum PCB level and maternal report of contami-
nated fish consumption, predicted less preference for
a novel stimulus. Preference for novelty decreased in a
dose-dependent fashion with increasing levels of pre-
natal PCB exposure. Postnatal exposure from nursing
was not related to visual recognition memory. The rela-
tion between prenatal exposure and visual recognition
was not mediated by the neonatal deficits, suggesting
that intrauterine PCB exposure may have a delayed
effect on central nervous system functioning. (Copy-
right (c) 1985 Society for Research in Child Develop-
ment, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Memory, "Toxicity, 'Lake Michigan,
'Visual perception, Fishes, Exposure, Central nervous
system, Food consumption, Food contamination, Re-
prints, "Polychlorinated biphenyl compounds, "Mater-
nal-fetal exchange.
PB90-146267/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Reliable, Efficient, Microinjection Apparatus and
Methodology for the In vivo Exposure of Rainbow
Trout and Salmon Embryos to Chemical Carcino-
gens. Journal article.
Roswell Park Memorial Inst., Buffalo, NY. Dept. of Ex-
perimental Biology.
J.J. Black, A. E. Maccubbin, and M. Schiffert c1985,
8p EPA/600/J-85/552
Pub. in Jnl. of National Cancer Institute, v75 n6 p1123-
1128 1985. Sponsored by Environmental Research
Lab.-Duluth, MN.
A modular apparatus and technique for the injection of
salmonid fish embryos with chemical carcinogens are
described. A key feature of the methodology is the rel-
ative ease of routine through-the-eggshell injection,
into the yolk sac of livingsalmonid fish embryos, inside
the 'eyed-stage' egg. The procedure is sufficiently
rapid that 2 persons working as a team can give Injec-
tions to 200 embryos per hour. The injection per se in-
duces low mortality, i.e., optimal net survival rates
(controls given an injection of dimethyl sulfoxide vs.
those not given an injection) in the range of 70-90%.
Keywords: 'Carcinogens, 'Embryos, 'Fishes, Equip-
ment, Injections(Meaicine), Trout, Salmon, Mortality,
Optimization, Survival, Neoplasms, Humans, Indicator
species, Exposure, Methyl sulfoxide, Tests, Reliability,
Salmogairdneri.
PB90-146275/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Eastern Lake Survey: Phase 2 and National
Stream Survey. Phase 1. Processing Laboratory
Operations Report
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
L. J. Arent, M. O. Morison, and C. S. Soong. Aug 89,
70p EPA/600/4-88/025
Contracts EPA-68-03-3050, EPA-68-03-3246
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The National Surface Water Survey was designed to
characterize surface water chemistry in regions of the
United States believed to be potentially sensitive to
acidic deposition. The National Stream Survey was a
synoptic survey designed to quantify the chemistry of
streams in the areas of the United States known to
contain low alkalinity waters. Phase II of the Eastern
Lake Survey was designed to address temporal varia-
bility of chemical ana biological characteristics of a
subset of Phase I lakes. The document describes the
centralized processing laboratory operations associat-
ed with the 1986 surveys. The processing laboratory Is
located in Las Vegas, Nevada.
Keywords: 'Surface waters, 'Lakes, 'Water pollution,
Surveys, Water analysis, Alkalinity, pH, Carbon, Alumi-
num, Turbidity, Conductivity.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-146283/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Value of Multiple Endpoint Data In Male Repro-
ductive Toxicology: Revelation* in the Rat (Jour-
nal article).	.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. D. Perreault, R. E. Under, L. F. Strader, and V. Slott.
c1989,16p EPA/600/D-89/268
Pub. in Proceedings of Workshop 'Sperm Measures
and Reproductive Success: Institute for Health Policy
Analysis Forum on Science, Health, and Environmen-
tal Risk Assessment, Queenstown, MD., January 12-
14,1988, p 179-192 1989. See also PB88-225024.
To explore the relationship between sperm measures
and reproductive success in the laboratory rat, results
of several male reproductive toxicology studies con-
taining both fertility and multiple endpoint data are re-
viewed. Comparisons are made between subchronic
and acute exposure studies, stressing the value of
multiple endpoint data for each approach. In addition,
the choice of endpoints in male reproductive toxicol-
ogy is discussed with emphasis on those endpoints
that are still evolving. It is concluded that sperm meas-
ures are far more sensitive indicators of reproductive
organ impairment than is fertility, and that evaluation of
multiple endpoints in acute studies is a key step in de-
termining mechanisms of toxicant action that are criti-
cal for interspecies risk extrapolation.
Keywords: 'Reproductive system, 'Toxicity, Exposure,
Rat, Germ cells, Fertility, Dosimetry, Males, Carba-
mates, "Dinoseb, 'Nitrobenzenes, "Benomyl, Sper-
matozoa, Dose-response relationships.
PB90-146291/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Determination of Rates of Reaction in the Gas-
Phase in the Troposphere: Theory and Practice. 2.
Rate of Direct Photoreaction.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
A. Leifer. Nov 89,55p EPA/560/5-89/007
The report describes in detail a simple and cost-effec-
tive screening test for estimating an environmentally
relevant maximum rate constant and minimum half-life
for direct photoreaction of a chemical in the gas-phase
in the troposphere. The report discusses the theory
and development of the screening test and describes
detailed procedures for measuring the cross section of
a chemical in the gas-phase in the laboratory by spec-
troscopic techniques and data reporting for sections 4
and 5 of TSCA (Toxic Substance and Control Act.)
Tables of solar irradiance (J(sub lambda)) are given
from 0 degrees to 70 degrees North latitude in 10
degree increments as a function of season of the year
to cover the continental United States and other parts
of the U.S., such as Alaska and Hawaii. An example is
given to illustrate the use of the experimental cross
section data and solar irradiance data (J(sub lambda))
to estimate the maximum rate of direct photoreaction
(kdE)max and the minimum half-life (t(sub 1 /2 E) (sub/
min).
Keywords: 'Troposphere, 'Photochemical reactions,
'Reaction kinetics, 'Air pollution, Solar radiation,
Spectrum analysis, Guidelines, Cross sections, Gases,
Cost effectiveness, 'Toxic Substance Control Act.
PB90-146309/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Summary of the EPA (Environmental Protection
Agency) Workshop on Carcinogenesis Bioassay
via the Dermal Route. Final technical rept.
Dynamac Corp., Rockville, MD.
29 Apr 87,10p EPA/560/6-89/002
Contract EPA-68-01 -7266
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, Cfc. Office of Toxic Substances.
Traditionally, the oral route has been the most
common route of administration in bioassays which
tested the potential carcinogenicity of chemicals. Reg-
ulatory agencies, however, prefer to have test chemi-
cals applied by the same route as expected human ex-
posure, whenever possible. Since human exposure to
industrial chemicals is frequently via the dermal route,
this has become a route of choice for animal testing of
certain chemicals. However, protocol design for
dermal bioassays presents many unique problems
which must be addressed before guidelines for bioas-
says by the dermal route can be formulated. Further-
more, it may be feasible to develop a limited dermal
protocol to screen certain classes of chemicals such
as acrylates/methacrylates. Recognizing the need for
this workshop, it was designed in two distinct parts; to
address the problems inherent in the development of a
generic protocol for dermal bioassays and, a specific
limited dermal bioassay protocol for acrylates/metha-
crylates.
Keywords: "Meetings, 'Skin(Anatomy), 'Toxicity,
Acrylates, Bioassay, Methacrylates, Laboratory ani-
mals, 'Carcinogenicity tests, 'Environmental expo-
sure pathways, Chemical effluents, Pharmacokinetics,
Dose-response relationships.
PB90-146356/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Summary of the Second EPA (Environmental Pro-
tection Agency) Workshop on Carcinogenesis
Bioassay via the Dermal Route. Final technical rept.
Dynamac Corp., Rockville, MD.
M. Argus, K. Baetcke, V. Turner, L. Cullen, and S. A.
Segal. May 88,14p EPA/560/6-89/003
Contract EPA-68-01 -7266
Presented at a workshop held in Research Triangle
Park, NC. on May 18-19,1988. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of
Toxic Substances.
The purpose of the workshop was to gather informa-
tion and expert opinions to aid EPA in drawing up
guidelines for carrying out carcinogenesis bioassays
via the dermal route. At the first workshop in April
1987, consensus was reached on many aspects of this
problem. The following areas were pinpointed as re-
quiring further consideration in a second workshop
before the desired guidelines can be written: the selec-
tion of species and strain; the role of pharmacokine-
tics; and the establishing of the Maximum Tolerated
Dose(MTD). This includes the unique situation where
skin may be the target organ for the toxicity end-point
to arrive at the MTD. At the April 1987 workshop it was
decided that these end-points involving the skin
should be determined on both gross and "histological
considerations, and that the second workshop should
include both pathologists and toxicologists. These
considerations thus provide the basis for the agenda
and roster of participants for the second workshop.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Skin(Anatomy), "Toxicology,
Laboratory animals, Pathology, Histology, Bioassay,
"Carcinogenicity tests, 'Health planning guidelines,
Pharmacokinetics, Maximum permissible dose, Envi-
ronmental exposure pathway, Species specificity.
PB90-146416/HSU	PC A14/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Air Emissions Species Manual (Addendum to the).
Final rept Apr 88-Oct 89.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
G. W. Brooks, J. T. Waddell, and A. Butler. Oct 89,
311 p EPA/450/2-88/003C
Contract EPA-68-02-4286
See also Volume 1, PB68-225792 and Volume 2,
PB88-225800. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
several activities that require speciated particulate
matter (PM) or volatile organic compound (VOC) pro-
files from several source categories. In an effort to
update the available speciated PM profile data base,
EPA has initiated studies to update various reference
manuals. The document updates the PM profiles in the
Air Emissions Species Manual, Volume li with new in-
formation obtained from contacts with principal re-
searchers in the field of PM species profiles and
source receptor modeling. The new profiles were de-
veloped using the procedures and protocols specified
in the original Air Emissions Species Manual, volume
II. The profiles are based on data submitted by the re-
searchers.
Keywords: Manuals, Research projects, Sources, Par-
ticle size distribution, Tables(Data), "Volatile organic
compounds, 'Particulates, 'Emission factors, "Air pol-
lution sampling, Data covariances.
PB90-146556/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Registration Standard for Pesticide Product*
Containing MCPA as the Active Ingredient
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
Sep 89,163p EPA/540/RS-89/069
The document contains information regarding the reg-
istration of pesticide products containing the subject
active ingredient. The document includes how to regis-
ter under a registration standard, regulatory position
and rationale, and summaries of date requirements
and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography contain-
ing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA in aniving
at the positions and conclusions contained in the
standard.
Keywords: "Herbicides, Guidelines, Pesticides, Organ-
ic salts, Esters, Amines, Chemical properties, Toxicol-
ogy, Assessments, Standards, Regulations, Marking,
Ecology. 'MCPA herbicide, "Pollution regulations,
Acetic acid/(chioro-methyl)phenoxy, Path of pollut-
ants.
PB90-146655/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Recordkeeping Guidance Document tor Surface
Coating Operations and the Graphic Arts Indus-
try.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
V. Katari, and G. T. Reed. Jul 89,128p EPA/340/1-
88/003
Prepared in cooperation with PEI Associates, Inc., Ar-
lington, VA.
Recordkeeping requirements are described for sur-
face coating operations and for sources in the graphic
arts industry. The surface coating operations are de-
scribed and the types of application methods, sol-
vents/diluents, and control devices used by surface
coating operations are summarized. Sample forms that
can be used by surface coating operations and the
graphic arts industry for recordkeeping are provided
with instructions for their completion. Suggestions are
given for procedures that can be used by enforcement
officials to verify the data submitted by a source. Ex-
ample calculations to determine compliance using rec-
ordkeeping data are shown. Graphic arts Industry
sources are described separately. Differences be-
tween recordkeeping for the graphics arts industry and
that for surface coating operations are detailed. Emis-
sion limits applicable to individual surface coating op-
erations are summarized.
Keywords: 'Records management, 'Coating process-
es, 'Graphic arts, 'Air pollution control, State govern-
ment, Law enforcement, Forms(Paper), Tables(Data).
Verification inspection, Guidelines, 'Volatile organic
compounds, 'Standards compliance, Pollution regula-
tions.
PB90-146697/HSU	PC A13/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Qualify Planning and Standards.
Nonmethane Organic Compound Monitoring Pro-
gram. Final Report 1988. Volume 2. Urban Air
Toxics Monitoring Program.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. A. McAllister, W. H. Moore, J. Rice, D. P. Dayton,
and R. F. Jongleux. Apr 89,277p EPA/450/4-89/005
Contract EPA-68-D8-0014
See also report for 1987, PB89-107890. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
From October, 1987 to October, 1988 samples of am-
bient air were collected at 19 sites in the eastern part
of the U.S. Every 12 days, air was integrated over 24-
hour periods into passivated stainless steel canisters
Simultaneously, air was drawn through cartridges corv
tainina dinitrophenylhydrazine to collect carbonyl com-
pounds. The samples were analyzed at a central labo-
ratory for a total of 37 halogenated and aromatic hy-
drocarbons, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and other
oxygenated species. The hydrocarbon species were
analyzed by gas chromatography/multiple detectors
and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, while
the carbonyl species were analyzed by liquid chroma-
tography. An extensive quality assurance program was
carried on to secure high quality data. Complete data
for all the hydrocarbon samples are presented in the
report.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Hydrocarbons, "Urban areas, *Air pollu-
tion, Sampling, Chromatographic analysis, Detection,
Carbonyl compounds, Aromatic hydrocarbons, Form-
aldehyde, Quality assurance, Acetaldehyde.
PB90-147384/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Reactivation and Aging of Phosphorylated Brain
Acetylcholinesterase from Fish and Rodents.
Journal article.
Minnesota Univ.-Duluth. Dept. of Pharmacology.
K. B. Wallace, and U. Herzberg. C1988,9p EPA/600/
J-88/453
Contract EPA-R-810963
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v92
p307-314 1988. Presented at the Annual Meeting of
the Society of Toxicology, Washington, DC., 1987.
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth,
MN.
Species-related differences in sensitivity to acute in-
toxication by anticholinesterase compounds have
been attributed, in large part, to differences in the ki-
netics of inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in
vitro. Since inhibition of AChE is also influenced by the
stability of the phosphorylated enzyme complex, it was
of interest to compare the rates at which the inhibited
enzyme from different species subsequently either
reactivates or ages. Brain AChE from rats, mice, fat-
head minnows, or rainbow trout was preincubated with
an IC90 concentration of either paraoxon or malaoxon.
The first-order rate constants for both the reactivation
and aging of paraoxon-inhibited AChE from rats and
mice were significantly greater than those observed for
either species of fish. Following malaoxon Inhibition,
however, rodent AChE reactivated more rapidly but
aged more slowly than did the enzyme from minnows.
Therefore, the data suggest that compared to rodents,
intermittent or continuous exposure of fish to sublethal
concentrations of anticholinesterase compounds is
more likely to result in a cumulative toxicity owing to
the relative irreversibility of AChE inhibition. (Copyright
(c) 1988 Academic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Brain, "Acetylcholinesterase, 'Phosphory-
lation, "Aging(Biology), "Toxicity, "Cholinesterase in-
hibitors, Exposure, In vitro analysis, Rodents, Aquatic
animals, Reprints, Pharmacokinetics, Dose-response
relationships.
PBM-147372/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Structure-Activity Relationships for Osteolathyr-
Ism. 1. Effects of Altering the Semlcarbazlde
Structure. Journal article.
Tennessee Univ., Knoxville.
T. W. Schultz, T. S. Ranney, G. W. Riggin, and M.
Cailna-Quezada. c1988,15p EPA/600/J-88/454
Grant EPA-R-813158
Pub. in Transactions of the American Microscopical
Society 107, n2 p113-126 1988. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
The toxic and osteolathyrogenic effects of 15 chemi-
cals reflecting modifications of semicarbazide (H2N-
N(H)-C(=0)-NH2) were evaluated using the Frog
Embryo Teratogenesis Assay: Xenopus (PETAX). Os-
teolathyrism, the failure of connective tissue fibers to
cross-link correctly, is expressed as gross alterations
in the long axis of the embryo and a sinusoidal configu-
ration of the notochord. Alteration (addition or subtrac-
tion) at the hydrazlno (H2NNH-) end of the molecule
sharply reduces osteolathyrogenic activity. Alteration
at the amino (H2N-) end of the molecule results in a
graded response. The replacement of oxygen with
Sulfur causes no loss of osteolathyrogenic activity.
(Copyright (c) 1988 by the American Microscopical So-
ciety, Inc.)
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Connective tissue, "Muta-
gens, Frogs, Embryos, Exposure, In vitro analysis, Re-
prints, "Osteolathyrism, 'Semicarbazides, "Xenopus
laevis, Teratogens, Structure-activity relationship.
PB0O-1473SO/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Sensitivity Analyses of Parameters of a M(t)/G/ln-
finity Stochastic Service System. Journal article.
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. School of Natural Re-
sources.
R. L Patterson, and Z. Q. Ma. c1988,10p EPA/600/ J-
88/465
Contract EPA-R-806565
Pub. in Applied Mathematics and Computation, v26
p169-177 1988. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Parameter sensitivity analyses were conducted on a
M(t)/G/infinity stochastic service system in which the
number of constants in an approximating nonhomo-
genous Poisson process of inputs, the mean of a Wei-
bull c.d.f. of service time, and the variance of the c.d.f.
of service time were traded off in analyses of 24 cases
for each of two fitting criteria: an L(1) metric imple-
mented by a linear goal program, and an L(2) metric
implemented by a multilinear least squares regression.
The model goodness of fit and estimated total input to
the system are both more sensitive to the mean serv-
ice time than to its variance or to the number of con-
stants in the approximating Poisson input. The fitting
criteria give consistent results, the L(2) criterion gives
slightly higher estimates of total input to the system
over fixed period of time.
Keywords: "Ecology, "Stochastic processes, Regres-
sion analysis, Mathematical models, Data smoothing,
Linear regression, Least squares method, Reprints,
"Applied mathematics.
PB90-147638/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Chronic Effects of 2,2'-Dichloroblphenyl on Re-
production, Mortality, Growth, and Respiration of
Daphnla pullcaria'. Journal article.
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Dept. of Ecology and
Behavioral Biology.
S. D. Bridgham. C1988,11p EPA/600/J-88/456
Grant EPA-R-810775
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v17 p731-740 1988. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Previous studies have shown toxic effects of polychlo-
rinated biphenyls (PCBs) on aquatic life only in the
micro g/L range, well above normal ambient concen-
trations. Daphnia pulicaria was isolated from Lake Erie
and exposed to 50 ng/L to 10 micro g/L of 2,2'-dich-
lorobiphenyl (DCB) in lifetable and physiological stud-
ies. Reproduction, mortality, growth, and respiration
were measured for periods up to the entire lifespan of
the animal with and without the use of an organic sur-
factant. Significant mortality and inhibition of reproduc-
tion were found at levels as low as 50-100 ng/L in life-
table studies, and no safe level could be determined. A
unique, yet repeatable, dose-response curve occurred
in lifetables with maximum inhibition at low to interme-
diate concentrations. Inhibition at the highest level
tested, 10 micro g/L, occurred only after continuous
exposure for three generations. Increasing concentra-
tions of CBD stimulated growth, while respiration ex-
periments yielded variable results. (Copyright (c) 1988
springer-Veriag New York, Inc.)
Keywords: "Toxicity, Exposure, Respiration, Mortality,
Growth, Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data), Lifespan, Re-
prints, "Polychiorinated biphenyl compounds, "Daph-
nia pulicaria, "Dichlorobipnenyf, Dose-response rela-
tionships, Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB90-147846/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Separation Characteristics of Alkylated Guanines
In HIgh-Performance Liquid Chromatography.
Journal article.
Minnesota Univ.-Duluth. Dept. of Chemistry.
W. Xue, and R. M. Carlson. c1988,13p EPA/600/J-
88/457
Grants EPA-R-813144, EPA-R-813943
Pub. in Jnl. of Chromatography, v447 p81-90 1988.
Sponsored by Environmental Re
Research Lab.-Duluth,
The retention behavior of thirteen alkylated guanines
on normal-phase silica gel and amino columns and on
reversed-pnase ODS and phenyl columns was stud-
ied. The larger the alkyl substituent at the same posi-
tion of guanine the weaker was the retention in the
normal-phase chromatographic system and the great-
er the retention during reversed-phase chromatogra-
phy. 0(6)Derivative8 possess the lowest polarity in
each set of isomers. An amino column was found to be
of highest efficiency in terms of separation of the set of
ethylguanine isomers and of bertzylguanines studied.
A phenyl column provided the best resolution of meth-
ylated guanines. (Copyright (c) 1986 Elsevier Science
Publishers R.V.)
Keywords: "Separation, "Guanines, "Chemical analy-
sis, Chromatographic analysis, Deoxyribonucleic
acids. Carcinogens, Mutagens, In vitro analysis. In vivo
analysis, Isomerization, pH, Capacity, Reprints, "High
performance liquid chromatography, "Retention func-
tions.
PB90-147653/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Carcinogenicity of Benzo(a)pyrene in Rainbow
Trout Resulting from Embryo Microinjection. Jour-
nal article.
Roswell Park Memorial Inst., Buffalo, NY. Dept. of Ex-
perimental Biology.
J. J. Black, A. E. Maccubbin, and C. J. Johnston.
c1988,13p EPA/600/J-88/458
Grant EPA-R-811689
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology, v13 p297-308 1988. Spon-
sored by Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) embryos were ex-
posed in ovo to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) by a single
transchorionic injection. Injected BaP was retained in
the yolk sac of larval trout and was only slowly metabo-
lized until swim-up. One year post-exposure, BaP-
treated fish had an elevated incidence of liver neo-
plasms which ranged from small basophilic microfoci
of altered hepatocytes to large hepatocellular carcino-
mas. These results demonstrate carcinogenesis in
rainbow trout from single dose exposure to BaP, a
widely distributed environmental pollutant that has
been implicated as the cause of liver neoplasia in wild
fish and some human cancers. (Copyright (c) 1988 El-
sevier Science Publishers B.V.)
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Embryos, Trout, Exposure, Do-
simetry, Liver neoplasms, Metabolism, Mortality,
Tables(Data), Reprints, 'Salmo gairdneri, 'Carcino-
genicity tests, "Benzo(a)pyrene, Water pollution
effects(Animals), Dose-response relationships, Mi-
croinjections, High pressure liquid chromatography.
PB90-147661/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Phosphorus Bioavailability of Fluvial Sediments
Determined by Algal Assays. Journal article.
Montana Univ., Poison. Flathead Lake Biological Sta-
tion.
B. K. Ellis, and J. A. Stanford. c1988,11 p EPA/600/J-
88/459
Grant EPA-R-812071
Pub. in Hydrobiologia, v160 p9-181988. Sponsored by
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Eroding bank soils and riverine suspended sediments
from the Flathead River-Lake ecosystem, Montana,
USA, were cultured with the alga Selenastrum capri-
cornutum Printz in PAAP medium with the sediments
as the sole source of phosphorus. Extraction of phos-
phorus by NaOH and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) solu-
tions were compared to results from algal bioassays.
The fine sediment particles transported into Flathead
Lake during spring runoff had the highest availability
(I.e., 6% of total phosphorus). Bank soils which con-
tained the greatest percentage of fine clays exhibited
similar (i.e., 4% of total phosphorus) availability. Bank
soils containing predominantly organic phosphorus
had the lowest availability. Spearman's rank coirela-
tion indicated significance at the 5% test level be-
tween algal assay estimates of available phosphorus
and both chemical extraction techniques. (Copyright
(c) Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht 1988.)
Keywords: 'Sediments, *Banks(Waterways), "Flat-
head Lake, "Phosphorus, "Algae, Bioassay, Aquatic
biology, Montana, Reprints, ' Biological availability,
'Selenastrum capricornutum.
PB90-147679/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Historic Trends In Lake Michigan Silica Concen-
trations. Journal article.
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Great Lakes Research Div.
C. L. Schelske. c1988,36p CONTRIB-485, EPA/600/
J-88/460
Grants EPA-R-806294, OCE-8216588
Pub. in Int. Revue ges. Hydrobiol., v73 n5 p559-591
1988. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-
Duluth, MN., and National Science Foundation, Wash-
ington, DC.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Historic data on soluble silica in the offshore waters of
Lake Michigan were compiled and analyzed to deter-
mine whether the data supported a decrease in silica
concentration which had been hypothesized previous-
ly on the basis of other studies. Although the data base
was limited and no data were obtained for offshore
waters (depths >40 m) prior to 1954, the available
data support the conclusion that the silica concentra-
tion decreased rapidly after 1954. The decrease in
silica concentration is attributed to increased produc-
tion and sedimentation of diatoms that resulted from
increased anthropogenic phosphorus loading. Total
phosphorus in offshore waters was probably <10 mi-
crogram P/1 during the period of rapid silica depletion.
The rapid decrease in silica concentration with rela-
tively small phosphorus enrichment demonstrates that
the tight coupling of biological and geochemica! proc-
esses drastically affected the biogeochemistry of silica
in a large, aquatic system within a relatively short
period of time.
Keywords: "Lake Michigan, "Silicon dioxide, "Water
analysis, Trends, Sites, Concentration(Composition),
Colorimetric analysis, Diatoms, Aquatic biology,
Sources, Graphs(Charts), Sedimentation, Geochemis-
try, Reprints, "Water pollution sampling, "Eutrophica-
tion, Aquatic ecosystems.
PB90-147687/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of PCBs (Poly-
chlorlnated Blphenyla) In Southern Lake Michigan
Sediments and the Effect of Waukegan Harbor as
a Point Source. Journal article.
Wisconsin Univ.-Madison.
D. L. Swackhamer, and D. E. Armstrong. C1988,15p
EPA/600/J-88/462
Pub. in Jni. of Great Lakes Research, v14 n3 p277-290
1988. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-
Duluth, MN., JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA., and
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Rockville, MD. Office of Sea Grant and Extramural
Programs.
The spatial distribution of PCBs in southern Lake
Michigan sediments was obtained from the analysis of
66 box cores and 8 grab samples. PCB concentrations
in surficial sediments were closely related to the sedi-
mentation zone and to the oxidizable organic matter
content of the sediments. Average surficial sediment
concentrations ranged from 81 micrograms/g in depo-
sitional zones to 7.2 micrograms/g in non-depositional
zones. The vertical distribution of PCBs was deter-
mined at several sites and was used to estimate the
areal burden and flux of PCBs in each of the southern
sedimentation zones. The total sediment PCB burden
in the southern portion of the lake was estimated to be
5,900 kg. Southern Lake Michigan has received PCBs
since approximately 1930 at an average flux of 7.1 mi-
crograms/sq m/yr. The effect of Waukegan Harbor as
a point source of PCBs to Lake Michigan was evaluat-
ed by comparing the PCB distribution and Aroclor com-
position of harbor sediments to those of sediments of
decreasing distances from the harbor. Significant dif-
ferences in total PCB concentration between non-
depositional zones near the harbor and those in other
areas of the basin indicate that Waukegan Harbor has
influenced the PCB burden of Lake Michigan.
Keywords: "Sediments, "Spatial distribution, Lake
Michiaan, Concentration(Composition), Sites, Wauke-
gan Harbor, Sedimentation, Reprints, "Polychiorinated
biphenyls, "Water pollution sampling, "Point sources,
"Sediment water interfaces, Aroclor, Organic matter.
PB90-1476B5/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Development of In vivo Genotoxiclty Teste In Es-
tuarine Fish and Their Application to Aquatic
Toxicology. Journal article.
Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge. Inst, for Environ-
mental Studies.
J. C. Means, C. B. Daniels, and S. M. Baksi. 1988,7p
EPA/600/J-88/463,, ERLN-P06
Pub. in Marine Environmental Research, v24 p327-331
1988. Prepared in cooperation with Johns Hopkins
Univ., Baltimore, MD. School of Hygiene and Public
Health. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.,
Narragansett, Rl.
Genotoxicity assays were developed in embryonic
stages of two species of fish, striped bass (Morone
saxitilis) and sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon varie-
gatus), and in the adults of Fundulus heteroclitus using
1480 Vol. 90, No. 24
metaphase chromosome aberrations as the endpoint.
Dose-dependent responses were obtained with sever-
al chemical mutagens, including 9-aminoacridine, eth-
ylmethane sulphonate, cyclophosphamide and n-
methyl-n-nitro-n-nitroguanidine, added to estuarine
water at doses spanning several orders of magnitude
in compound concentration. Exposures ranged from
one to four days; however, two-day exposure time was
found to be optimal in eggs and larvae. Tissues from
the gills, kidney and intestinal tract of adult Fundulus
were found to be responsive to mutagen exposure;
however, the intestine gave the best responses. The
results of these experiments suggest that these
assays are sufficiently sensitive to be used in the field
as well as in laboratory tests. (Copyright (c) 1988 Else-
vier Applied Science Publishers, Ltd.)
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Marine fishes, In vivo analy-
sis, Cyclophosphamide, Exposure, Mutagens, Kidney,
Liver, Gastrointestinal system, Estuaries, Reprints,
"Toxic substances, "Mutagenicity tests, Aminoacri-
dines, Ethyl methanesulfonate, N-methyl-n-nitro-n-ni-
troguanidine, Oose-response relationships.
PB90-147703/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Proposed Biological Testing Methods for the
United Statee Inclneration-at-Sea Research Pro-
gram. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Narragansett, Newport,
OR.
C. J. Strobel, J. H. Gentile, S. C. Schimmel, R. S. Carr,
and J. W. Williams. c1988, Bp ERNL-904, EPA/600/J-
88/465
Pub. in Marine Pollution Bulletin, v19 n11/B p605-610
1988. Prepared in cooperation with Science Applica-
tions International Corp., Narragansett, Rl., and Bat-
telle Ocean Sciences, Duxbury, MA.
As part of the United States Environmental Protection
Agency's Incineration-at-Sea research program, a
suite of toxicity tests has been selected for assessing
the toxicity of incinerator emissions generated during
the combustion of chlorinated wastes. The test orga-
nisms for the five short-term chronic tests are the
inland silverside, Menidia beryllina, the myside Mysi-
dopsis bahia, the red macroalga Champia parvula, the
polychaete Dinophilus gyrociliatus, and gametes from
the sea urchin Arbacia punctulata. The durations of in-
dividual tests range from 2 hours to 7 days. The end-
points include survival, growth and reproductive ef-
fects. The results have demonstrated that the pro-
posed methodologies can be used to test the toxicity
of gaseous emissions, and that there appears to be no
significant toxicity associated with the combustion
products of a carrier fuel oil. (Copyright (c) 1988 Perga-
mon Press pic.)
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Refuse disposal, "Incineration,
"Exhaust emissions, "Marine biology, Bioassay, Sur-
vival, Growth, Reproduction(Biology), Oceans, Expo-
sure, Reprints.
PB90-147711/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
32P-Adduct Assay: Comparative Recoveries of
Structurally Diverse DNA Adducts In the Various
Enhancement Procedures. Journal article.
Baytor Coll. of Medicine, Houston, TX. Dept. of Phar-
macology.
R. C. Gupta, and K. Earley. C1988,9p EPA/600/J-88/
466
Pub. in Carcinogenesis, v9 n9 p1687-1693 1988.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
ization of adducts of unknown carcinogens. (Copyright
1988IRL Press Ltd., Oxford, England.)
Keywords: "Carcinogens, "Deoxyribonucleic acids,
"Phosphorus isotopes, Humans, Thin layer chroma-
tography, Nucleosides, Nucleotides, Reprints, "DNA
damage, Deoxyribonucleases, Polynucleotide hydrox-
ylkinase.
PB90-147729/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Norepinephrine Modulates the Growth-Inhibitory
Effect of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta In Pri-
mary Rat Hepatocyte Cultures. Journal article.
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC. Dept. of Pa-
thology.
K. A. Houck, J. L. Cruise, and G. Michalopoulos.
C1988, 7p EPA/600/J-88/467
Grant EPA-R-814344
Pub. in Jnl. of Cellular Physiology, v135 p551-555
1988. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
TGF-beta is a potent inhibitor of EGF-induced DNA
synthesis in primary rat hepatocyte cultures. Norepin-
ephrine (NE) was shown to modulate this inhibition of
DNA synthesis. It produced a five-fold increase, from
2.8 pM to 14.4 pM, in the ID(sub 50) for TGF-beta. The
effect was dose-dependent and was significant at con-
centrations of 10(sup -6)M NE and greater. The modu-
lation by NE was medicated by the alpha(1)-adrenergic
receptor as shown by the ability of the alpha(1) an-
tagonist prazosin to block the activity. This effect might
be important during liver regeneration in allowing
escape of hepatocytes from negative growth control
exerted by TGF-beta (Copyright (c) 1988 Alan R. Uss,
Inc.)
Keywords: "Norepinephrine, "Liver, Rats, Deoxyribon-
ucleic acids, Inhibitors, Reprints, "Transforming
growth factors, "Epidermal growth factor-urogastrone
receptors, Dose-response relationships. Prazosin,
Alpha adrenergic receptors, Cultured cells.
PB90-147737/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Evaluation of DNA Damage In the Oral Mucosa of
Tobacco Users and Non-Users by (32)P-Adduct
Assay. Journal article.
Baylor Univ., Houston, TX. Coll. of Medicine.
M. Chacko, and R. C. Gupta. c1988,7p EPA/600/J-
88/468
Pub. in Carcinogenesis, v9 n12 p2309-2314 1988.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Tobacco and its combustion products contain several
known or potential human carcinogens and studies ore
not beginning to emerge for detecting DNA and protein
adducts in tobacco users. A highly sensitive (32)P-
adduct assay, capable of measunng a wide spectra of
aromatic and/or hydrophobic DNA adducts, was used
to evaluate tobacco use-related adducts in human oral
mucosal cells. The chromatographic behavior of the
oral mucosal DNA adducts by selective PE1-cellulose
TLC and their extractability in 1-butanol suggest that
they have an aromatic and/or hydrophobic moiety and
two of the major adducts have been tentatively as-
signed as aromatic amine derivatives.
Keywords: "Tobacco, "Carcinogens, Evaluation, Com-
parison, Smoking, Reprints, "DNA adducts, "Mouth
mucosa, Tobacco use disorder, Smokeless tobacco.
A (32)P-adduct assay for the measurement of low
levels (1 adduct per 10(sup 7) nucleotides) of binding
of carcinogens to DNA has been reported previously.
In this procedure, DNA is enzymatically hydrolyzed to
3'-monophosphates of normal nucleosides and ad-
ducts, which are 5'-(32)P-labeled by T4 polynucleotide
kinase and (lambda(32)P)ATP. Labeled adducts are
resolved by TLC. Enrichment of adducts by extraction
in 1-butanol or digestion with nuclease P1 prior to
(32)P-labeling, however, increased the sensitivity ot
detection for many adducts to a level of 1 per I0(sup
9-10) nucleotides, although adduct recovery particular-
ly in the latter assay depended on the chemical nature
of adducts. The observation that chemical structure of
an adduct may be detrimental in its recovery in the
enzyme- and extraction-mediated enrichment proce-
dures may serve as a probe in the structural character-
PB90-147745/HSU	PC AQ2/MF A01
Salinity Tolerance of Young Topsmelt, 'Attiertrv-
ops afflnls', Cultured In the Laboratory. Journal ar-
ticle.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
D. P. Middaugh, and J. M. Shenker. 1988,6p EPA/
600/J-88/469
Pub. in California Fish and Game, v74 rvt P232-235
1968. Prepared in cooperation with California Univ
Bodega Bay. Bodega Marine Lab.	''
III Illy MOiai	MJ JVW'B	WIIIN9 WtSf
reside in estuarine and near-shore waters along th«
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
in conducting toxicological research with freshwater
effluents entering marine habitats; or in areas that
could be subjected to chemical exposure such as pes-
ticide applications in hypersaline habitats.
Keywords:	'Salinity,	"Toxicology,
Tolerance(Physiology), Effluents, Fresh water, Expo-
sure, Survival, Coasts, Estuaries, Reprints, "Atherin-
ops affinis.
PB90-147752/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Um of Gane Probes in the Rapid Analyais of Nat-
ural Microbial Communities. Journal article.
Tennessee Univ., Knoxville.
A. V. Ogram, and G. S. Sayler. c1988,14p EPA/600/J-
88/470
Pub. in Jnl. of Industrial Microbiology, v3 p281-292
1988. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.,
Gulf Breeze, FL.
Hybridization probes produced from DNA sequences
have proven to be a powerful tool in rapid and sensi-
tive analysis of natural microbial communities. By
using function-specific probes, such as those identify-
ing genes coding for photosynthesis, the potential a
microbial community has for performing a given func-
tion may be rapidly determined. Gene probes have
also been used in the identification and isolation of a
specific catabolic genotype in less than one-fourth the
time required for tne conventional culture enrichment
technique. Species specific probes constructed from
portions of genes coding for ribosomal RNA have
been used for the rapid identification and enumeration
of bacterial species in environmental samples. The
use of reassociation Kinetics as a measure of commu-
nity diversity and complexity is also discussed. The
successful application of this technique to community
analysis may reduce the time required from one year,
for conventional analysis, to two weeks. (Copyright (c)
1988 Society for Industrial Microbiology.)
Keywords: "Microbiology, Photosynthesis, Reprints,
"Nucleic acid hybridization, "DNA probes, Microbial
genetics, Base sequence, Ribosomal RNA.
PB90-147760/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Model Studies of Electrical Leak Detection Sur-
vey* In Geomembrane-Llned Impoundments. Jour-
nal article.
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
J O. Parra, and T. E. Owen. c1988,9p EPA/600/J-88/
472
Grant EPA-R-811771
Pub. In Geophysics, v53 n11 p1453-1458 Nov 88.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
Pole-dipole array electrical potential distributions are
calculated for a geomembrane-lined liquid impound-
ment having single or multiple leaks. A three-dimen-
sional numerical model Is employed to represent a
small circular leak in the highly resistive plastic liner.
The liquid waste material, the liner, and the soil under
the impoundment are simulated by infinite horizontal
layers, with approximate corrections for the finite size
of the impoundment. Parametric curves for a single
leak show that with optimum selection of electrode
spacing and positioning and other field survey param-
eters leaks can be detected effectively. To identify and
resolve the presence of a cluster of leaks, the potential
measurements must be made close to the liner and
the detector dipole spacing must be smaller than the
separation of the leaks. The results also indicate that
the survey speed may be increased when portable
leak detection equipment employing a vertical dipole
detector is used.
Keywords: 'Membranes, "Mathematical models, 'Site
suiveys, 'Potentiometers(lnstruments), 'Electric po-
tential, Leakage, Linings, Portable equipment, Plastics,
Reprints, 'Surface impoundments, Liquid waste dis-
posal, 'Geosynthetic materials.
PBM-147778/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Blockade of alpha-1 Adrenergic Receptor Inhibits
Hepatic DNA Synthesis Stimulated by Tumor Pro-
moters. Journal article.
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC.
W. H. Tsai, J. L. Cruise, and G. K. Michalopoulos.
C1989, 8p EPA/600/J-89/201
Grants EPA-R-814344, NIH-CA43632
Pub. in Carcinogenesis, v10 p73-78 1989. Sponsored
in part by grant NIH-CA35373. Prepared in cooperation
with College of St. Thomas, St. Paul, MN. Sponsored
by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC., and National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,
MD.
Studies with regenerating liver and hepatocyte cul-
tures have shown that the alpha-1 adrenergic receptor
(A1AR) is involved in the early events which transmit a
mitogenic signal to hepatocytes after 2/3 partial hepa-
tectomy. In the study, the role of A1 AR in DNA synthe-
sis associated with the augmentative hyperplasia stim-
ulated by the xenobiotic hepatic tumor promoters phe-
nobarbital (PB) and alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane
(alpha-HCH), and the peroxisome proliferator ciprofi-
brate was investigated. Male F344 rats were treated
with each of the three xenobiotics to stimulate hepatic
DNA synthesis. These studies suggest that A1 AR is in-
volved in generating the mitogenic signal leading to
hepatic DNA synthesis induced by xenobiotic hepatic
tumor promoters phenobarbital and alpha-HCH. A1AR
is not involved in the mitogenic pathway generated by
the peroxisome proliferator ciprofibrate.
Keywords: 'Deoxyribonucleic acids, 'Carcinogens,
'Liver, Biosynthesis, Cells(Biology), Rats, Phenobarbi-
tal, Reprints, 'Adrenergic alpha receptor blockaders.
Prazosin, Organ weight, Ciprofibrate, Benzene hex-
achloride.
PC A02/MF A01
Research Triangle
PB90-147786/HSU
Health Effects Research Lab.,
Park, NC.
Natural Environment Surpasses Polluted Environ-
ment in Inducing DNA Damage In Fish. Journal arti-
cle.
Instltut Rudjer Boskovic, Zagreb (Yugoslavia).
B. Kurelec, A. Garg, S. Krca, M. Chacko, and R. C.
Gupta. c1989,6p EPA/600/ J-89/202
Pub. in Carcinogenesis, v10 n7 p1337-13391989. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Baylor Coll. of Medicine,
Houston, TX. Dept. of Pharmacology. Sponsored by
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Measurement of specific DNA adduct concentrations
in target tissues of organisms may provide a key bio-
logic end-point of exposure to environmental carcino-
gens. Using a general and highly sensitive assay with
(32)P-postlabeling, it was found that natural popula-
tions of freshwater fish species chub, barbel, bream
and carp, as well as a marine fish mugil, revealed the
presence of four to nine qualitatively similar adducts ir-
respective of whether they were caught from unpollut-
ed or polluted waters. No statistically significant differ-
ences were observed between the adduct levels of
fish from the unpolluted waters and those of fish from
the polluted waters. A dominant feature of the fish
DNA adducts was a species specificity. The finding
that a vast majority of DNA modifications in fish are
caused by natural factors rather than man-made
chemicals offers a basis for a more realistic view in as-
sessing the genotoxic risks in any aquatic environ-
ment.
Keywords: 'Marine fishes, 'Fresh water biology, Car-
cinogens, Mutagens, Liver, Reprints, *DNA damage,
'Water piollution effects(Animals), DNA adducts, Nu-
cleotide mapping, Species diversity.
PB90-147794/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Introduction of a Ha-raa Oncogene Into Rat Liver
Epithelial Cells and Parenchymal Hepatocytes
Confers Resistance to the Growth Inhibitory Ef-
fect* of TGF-Beta. Journal article.
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC. Dept. of Pa-
thology.
K. A. Houck, G. K. Michalopoulos, and S. C. Strom.
C1989,9p EPA/600/ J-89/203
Grant EPA-R-814344
Pub. in Oncogene 4, p19-25 1989. Prepared in coop-
eration with Virginia Commonwealth Univ., Richmond.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Growth of rat liver epithelial cells (RLEC) and primary
cultures of parenchymal hepatocytes is potently inhib-
ited by TGF-Beta. Transfection of a mutated Ha-ras
oncogene, but not a human c-myc oncogene, into
RLEC resulted in cell lines resistant to growth inhibition
by TGF-Beta under anchorage-dependent conditions.
Infection of primary rat hepatocyte cultures with v-Ha-
ras yielded a cell line likewise insensitive to inhibition
by TGF-Beta. Binding of (125I)TGF-Beta to Ha-ras-
transfected RLEC was reduced relative to control or c-
myc-transfected cells. These data suggest that activa-
tion of a Ha-ras oncogene in epithelial cells may result
in escape from negative growth control and hence be
a critical step during carcinogenesis. (Copyright (c)
1989 The MacMillan Press Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Liver, Epithelium, Cells(Biology), Deoxyri-
bonucleic acids, Reprints, 'Transforming growth fac-
tors, "Transfection, "Oncogenes, Protooncogenes,
Autoradiography, Ras genes, Southern immunoblot-
ting.
PB90-147802/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
Microwave Irradiation for Rapid Killing and Fixing
of Plant Tissue. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
G. E. Walsh, P. M. Bohannon, and P. B. Wessinger-
Duvall. 1989,5p EPA/600/J-89/204
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Botany, v67 n4 p1272-1274
1989.
Irradiation by microwaves allows for rapid killing and
fixing of plant tissue, with excellent cellular integnty for
histological examination. One or two exposures to
microwaves for three seconds in formalin/acetic acid/
alcohol gave good preservation of nuclei, chloroplasts,
and other plant structures. The microwave method
offers a considerable saving of time over traditional
methods for killing and fixing plant tissue.
Keywords: "Microwaves, 'Plant tissues, "Irradiation,
'Histology, Exposure, Cell nucleus, Survival, Destruc-
tion, Chloroplasts, Reprints, Fixatives.
PB90-147810/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Computer Sciences Corp., Cincinnati, OH.
Automated Analysis of Rat Sperm Motility Follow-
ing Subchronlc Epichlorohydrin Administration:
Methodologlc and Statistical Consideration*. Jour-
ncil article
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
G. P. Toth, J. A. Stober, E. J. Read, H. Zenick, and M.
K. Smith. cOct89,13p EPA/600/J-89/206
Pub. in Jnl. of Andrology, v10 n5 p401-415 Sep/Oct
89. Sponsored by Computer Sciences Corp., Cincin-
nati, OH.
The automated analysis of sperm motion endpoints is
potentially useful in identifying male reproductive toxi-
cants and ultimately in predicting fertility in humans.
The present study was designed to evaluate the auto-
mated analysis of rat sperm motility characteristics fol-
lowing subchronic administration of epichlorohydrin.
This type of validation is a prerequisite for inclusion of
sperm motion measurements in the process of repro-
ductive risk assessment. In the present studies video-
tapes were made of cauda epididymal sperm from
Long-Evans rats, both untreated and treated with the
epichlorohydrin. From analysis of videotapes of control
epididymal sperm, the relationship of various sperm
motion endpoints and settings of the CellSoft comput-
er-assisted sperm motion analysis system (Cryo Re-
sources. Ltd., N. Y. C.) is described. Optimal settings
of the system for analysis of rat sperm are detailed.
Employing data from both control and epichlorohydrin-
treated animals, statistical methodology is described
which evaluates the distributions of CellSoft-generated
sperm motion endpoints, the correlations between
these endpoints, and techniques for detection of dose-
related effects. (Copyright (c) American Society of An-
drology 1989.)
Keywords: Rats, Statistical analysis, Computer sys-
tems programs, Orientation, Velocity, Reprints,
"Sperm motility, 'Epichlorohydrin, Risk assessment.
PB90-147828/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparative Histopathologic*! Effect* of Chemi-
cally Contaminated Sediment on Marine Orga-
nism*. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
G. R. Gardner, and P. P. Yevich. c1988,8p ERNL-806,
EPA/600/J-88/464
Pub. in Marine Environmental Research, v24 p311 -316
1988.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Comparative pathological effects in three species of
fish and six species of invertebrates were investigated
using a chemically contaminated sediment from Black
Rock Harbor (BRH), Connecticut, USA. Substances
contained in BRH sediment are known to be geno-
toxic, carcinogenic, co-carcinogenic and tumor-pro-
moting. Proliferative lesions were observed in winter
flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) external,
oral and esophageal epithelial surfaces, renal vascular
and nephroblastic elements, and the pancreatic islets.
Islet lesions included cystic adenomas and a diffuse
islet proliferative condition, nesidioblastosis. In addi-
tion, pathology was enhanced when winter flounder
were fed mussels (Mytilus edulis) previously exposed
to BRH sediment. Neoplastic lesions developed in
kidney tubule epithelia, gills, some regions of the gas-
trointestinal tract, neural elements and heart of oysters
(Crassostrea virginica) exposed to BRH sediment for
30 days in the laboratory. In addition, renal carcinomas
in three oysters had metastasized to the visceral gan-
glion. (Copyright (c) 1988 Elsevier Applied Science
Publishers, Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Malignant neoplasms, 'Marine biology,
•Black Rock Harbor, Connecticut, Exposure, Reprints,
'Carcinogenicity tests, 'Mutagenicity tests, 'Water
pollution effects(Animals), 'Toxic substances, Dose-
response relationships.
PB90-147836/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Calibrated Mask-Bar for Underwater Measure-
ment of Fish. Journal article.
Wisconsin Univ.-Superior. Center for Lake Superior
Environmental Studies.
W. A. Swenson, W. P. Gobin, and T. D. Simonson.
C1988, 5p EPA/600/J-88/461
Grants EPA-R-812215, EPA-R-810934
Pub. in North American Jnl. of Fisheries Management,
v8 p382-385 1988. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab.-Duluth, MN.
The paper describes a method for measuring fish
under water by using a diving mask equipped with a
calibrated mask-bar. The calibrated mask-bar consists
of a plexiglass strip with calibration marks spaced 3.22
mm (1 /8 in) apart, mounted to a diver's mask by alumi-
num straps. Relationships between calibration mark
counts made by underwater observers and the length
of objects were described by regression analysis.
Measurements of stationary objects were accurate to
within + or - 5%. Estimates of fish length under field
conditions were generally accurate to within + or -
10%. Mean lengths calculated from multiple mask-bar
measurements were consistent with those calculated
from measurement of captured fish. (Copyright (c) by
the American Fisheries Society 1988.)
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Measuring instruments, Under-
water equipment, Calibrating, Diving suits, Breathing
masks, Reprints.
PB90-147935/HSU	PC A19/MF A03
Chesapeake Bay Basin Monitoring Program Atlas.
Volume 1. Water Quality and Other Physlochemi-
cal Monitoring Programs.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
P. Heasly, S. Pultz, and R. Batiuk. Aug 89,434p CBP/
TRS-34/89
See also Volume 2, PB90-147943.
The Monitoring Program Atlas provides an overview of
current long-term environmental monitoring programs
in the Chesapeake Bay Basin. The Atlas covers a wide
scope of program types, ranging from water quality,
living resources, toxics, and physical processes to air
quality, acid deposition and climate monitoring pro-
grams. The two-volume publication is intended to fa-
cilitate coordination and integration of environmental
monitoring programs and to encourage the collection
of comparable monitoring data basinwide.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Chesapeake Bay, At-
lases, Environmental impacts, Monitoring, Air pollu-
tion Toxicity, Climate, Sediments, Kepone, Ground
water, Radioactive isotopes, Stream flow, Hydrology,
Tributaries, Ecosystems, Point sources, Habitats.
PB90-147943/HSU	PC A15/MF A02
Chesapeake Bay Basin Monitoring Program Atlas.
Volume 2. Biological and Living Resource Moni-
toring Programs.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
P. Heasly, S. Pultz, and R. Batiuk. Aug 89,334p CBP/
TRS-35/89
See also Volume 1, PB90-147935.
The Monitoring Program Atlas provides an overview of
current long-term environmental monitoring programs
in the Chesapeake Bay Basin. The Atlas covers a wide
scope of program types, ranging from water quality,
living resources, toxics, and pnysical processes to air
quality, acid deposition and climate monitoring pro-
grams. The two-volume publication is intended to fa-
cilitate coordination and integration of environmental
monitoring programs and to encourage the collection
of comparable monitoring data basinwide.
Keywords: "Marine biology, 'Water pollution, 'Chesa-
peake Bay, Atlases, Marine fishes, Shellfish, Aquatic
plants, Birds, Plankton, Monitoring, Amphibia, Rep-
tiles, Benthos, Toxicity, Air pollution, Tributaries, Non-
point sources.
PB90-148016/HSU	PC A21/MF A03
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Guidance Manual for Compliance with the Filtra-
tion and Disinfection Requirements for Public
Water Systems Using Surface Water Sources. Oc-
tober 1989 Edition.
Pirnie (Malcolm), Inc., Paramus, NJ.
Oct 89,490p EPA/570/9-89/018
Contract EPA-68-01 -6989
See also PB89-207047. Prepared in cooperation with
CWC-HDR, Inc., Cameron Park, CA. Sponsored by En-
vironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
The manual provides guidance to states and utilities
for implementing the Surface Water Treatment Rule
(SWTR) which was promulgated in June 1989. Subject
areas include (1) determination of whether a ground-
water is under the direct influence of surface water, (2)
compliance determinations for systems filtering or not
filtering, (3) reporting requirements including recom-
mended tables for gathering compliance data, (4)
public notification and (5) exemptions. Information is
provided for how to conduct tracer studies for deter-
mining disinfection contact time and for using CT
values to determine disinfection inactivation efficien-
cies for Giardia cysts and viruses. Guidelines are given
for evaluating filtration performance, including innova-
tive technologies, and point of entry devices. Guide-
lines for conducting sanitary surveys, and maintaining
effective watershed control programs are also given.
Keywords: 'Manuals, 'Water treatment, Fluid filtration,
Surface waters, Requirements, Ground water, Giardia,
Ozone, Performance evaluation, Viruses.
PB90-148461/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
CERCLA (Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act) Compli-
ance with Other Laws Manual: Part 2. Clean Air
Act and Other Environmental Statutes and State
Requirements. Interim rept. (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Aug 89,176p EPA/540/G-89/009, OSWER
DIRECTIVE-9234.1 -02
The purpose of the CERCLA Compliance with Other
Laws Manual is to assist Remedial Project Managers
(RPMs) in identifying and complying with all applicable
or relevant and appropriate requirements (ARARs) for
remedial actions taken at Superfund sites. This part of
the guidance manual addresses CERCLA compliance
with the Clean Air Act and other environmental stat-
utes for remedial actions.
Keywords: 'Statutes, 'Environmental impacts,
*States(United States), Manuals, Air pollution, Toxici-
ty, Pesticides, Fungicides, Standards, Management,
Radioactive wastes, Incinerators, Waste disposal, Fa-
cilities, Clean Air Act, Historic Preservation Act, Wild
and Scenic Rivers Act, Coastal Zone Management
Act, Wildnerness Act, Fish and Wildlife Act, Endan-
gered Species Act.
PB90-148867/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Management of Household and Small-Quantlty-
Generator Hazardous Waste in the United States.
Duxbury (Dana) and Associates, Andover, MA.
D. Duxbury. Dec 89,85p EPA/600/2-89/064
Contract EPA-68-02-4279
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The International Solid Waste and Public Cleansing
Association (ISWA), an international nongovernmental
organization comprising twenty-seven national organi-
zations of waste management professionals, conduct-
ed a survey to obtain information regarding household
and small-quantity-generator hazardous wastes. The
report presents the U.S. response to the survey. The
questionnaire covered five different areas: (1) prob-
lems, (2) policy approach, (3) technical and organiza-
tional aspects, (4) case studies, and (5) treatment and
disposal research and development. Comments were
also invited. The appendices include the ISWA Ques-
tionnaire, a table and other information regarding State
laws and regulations governing household hazardous
waste, and a listing of the permanent household haz-
ardous waste collection programs operating in 1988.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'United States, Sur-
veys, Questionnaires, Policies, Constraints, Waste
treatment, Solid waste disposal, Law(Jurisprudence),
States(United States), Regulations, Project planning,
Households, Case studies.
PB90-14887S/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Seedling Response to Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Asso-
ciated Pollutants.
NSI Technology Services Corp., Corvallis, OR.
C. E. Peterson, K. G. Mattson, and R. A. Mickler. Nov
89,1 lOp EPA/600/3-89/081
Prepared in cooperation with Idaho Univ., Moscow.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab
OR.
In 1986, the National Acid Precipitation Assessment
Program (NAPAP) established the Forest Response
Program (FRP) to assess the effects of acidic deposi-
tion and associated pollutants on forests. Seedling ex-
posure studies were initiated to determine acute ef-
fects of simulated acid deposition, ozone, and sulfur di-
oxide, and to identify hypothesized mechanisms be
which these effects might alter tree condition and
hence result in forest decline. From data available as
of December 1988, altered post-exposure growth and
imbalance in above- and below-ground responses to
sulfur dioxide indicated changes in carbon allocation
patterns. Simulated acid precipitation reduced frost
hardiness of red spruce seedlings at pH 3.0 and led to
higher rates of foliar tissue mortality during extreme
cold. Loblolly pine showed root and stem growth de-
creases at ozone levels 80 ppb and higher. Of western
conifers, only ponderosa pine showed consistent
growth decreases due to ozone.
Keywords: *Precipitation(Meteorotogy), 'Acidification
'Forestry, Exposure, Ozone, Sulfur dioxide, Damme!
Losses, Growth, Response, Frost, Mortality, Pine
trees, Carbon, Allocations, Acid precipitation, Spnjce
trees.
PB90-149758/HSU	PC A20/MF A03
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Wetland Creation and Restoration: The Statu* of
the Science. Volume 1. Regional Reviews.
Association of State Wetland Managers, Berne, NY
J. A. Kusler, and M. E. Kentula. Oct 89,471p EPA/ '
600/3-89/038A
Contract EPA-68-C8-0006
See also Volume 2, PB90-149766. Prepared in coop-
eration with NSI Technology Services Corp., CorvaHis,
OR. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research
Lab., OR.
In 1985, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
began a multiyear research program to examine the
scientific issues which result from wetland creation
and restoration. As part of the overall program, thev
embarked on an effort to synthesize the knowtedoe
accumulated to date into a statement of the status of
the science of wetland creation and restoration. The
Agency views the document as a first step in meettrn
the needs of wetlands regulators for an analytical
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
framework from which to make decisions concerning
wetland creation and restoration. Although intended
for use primarily by federal staff involved with the
Clean Water Act Section 404 program, the status
report should prove useful to state regulatory person-
nel as well as to the private sector. The report de-
scribes current scientific knowledge involved with wet-
land creation and restoration from a regional perspec-
tive.
Keywords: 'Research projects, 'Tidewater, 'Marshes,
'Swamps, Decision making, Coasts, Sea grasses,
Fresh water, Arid land, Semiarid land, United States,
Florida, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin islands, Snake River,
'Wetlands, Clean Water Act Section 404 program,
Restoration, Riparian streams, Habitats.
PBOO-149766/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Wetland Creation and Restoration: The Status of
the Science. Volume 2. Perspectives.
Association of State Wetland Managers, Berne, NY.
J. A. Kusler, and M. E. Kentula. Oct 89,171 p EPA/
600/3-89/038B
Contract EPA-68-C8-0006
See also Volume 1, PB90-149758. Prepared in coop-
eration with NSI Technology Services Corp., Corvallis,
OR- Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research
Lab., OR.
In 1985, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
began a multiyear research program to examine the
scientific issues which result from wetland creation
and restoration. As part of the overall program, they
embarked on an effort to synthesize the knowledge
accumulated to date into a statement of the status of
the science of wetland creation and restoration. The
report describes current scientific knowledge involved
with wetland creation and restoration from a regional
perspective and from the perspective of selected
common denominator topics. It identifies the limits of
our knowledge and attempts to set priorities for future
research.
Keywords: 'Research projects, 'Tidewater, 'Marshes,
'Swamps, Decision making, Losses, Coasts, Estu-
aries. Salinity, Environmental impacts, Monitoring,
Cost effectiveness, Improvement, Channel flow, Water
pollution, Construction, United States, Hydrology,
Fisheries, 'Wetlands, Clean Water Act Section 404
program, 'Restoration, Pacific Coast(United States),
Revegation.
PB90-149774/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1):
Baird and McGuIre, Holbrook, Massachusetts
/Third Remedial Action), September 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
14 Sep 89,152p EPA/ROD/R01 -89/037
See also PB87-189981.
The Baird & McGuire site is a former chemical manu-
facturing facility in northwest Holbrook, Massachu-
setts, approximately 14 miles south of Boston. From
1912 to 1983 the company operated a chemical manu-
facturing and batching facility on the property. Manu-
factured products included herbicides, pesticides, dis-
infectants, soaps, floor waxes and solvents. Waste
disposal methods at the site included direct discharge
jnto the soil, nearby brook and wetlands, and a former
gravel pit (now covered) in the eastern portion of the
site Underground disposal systems were also used.
EPA also conducted an Initial Remedial Measure at
the site from 1985 through 1987 which involved con-
structing a new water main to direct water away from
the site, removing building structures, and installing a
temporary cap. In 1986 a Record of Decision (ROD)
was signed to address onsite ground water treatment
and incineration of contaminated soil. This ROD ad-
dresses the Cochato River sediment contamination.
The primary contaminants of concern affecting the
sediment are organics including PAHs and pesticides,
and metals including arsenic. The selected remedial
action for the site are Included.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
•Industrial wastes, 'Site surveys, 'Chemical industry,
'Sediments, Organic compounds, Pesticides, Aromat-
ic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Metals, Water pollution.
Cost analysis, Substitutes, Public health, 'Remedial
action,	'Superfund	program,
* Hotbrook(Massachusetts), Risk assessment, Wet-
lands, Land disposal, Land reclamation.
PB90-149840/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
Superfund Ground Water Issue: Accuracy of
Depth to Water Measurements. 2nd In Series of
Issue Papers.
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
J. T. Thornhill. Aug 89,5p EPA/540/4-89/002
The accuracy of depth to water measurements is an
issue identified by the Regional Superfund Ground
Water forum as a concern of Superfund decision-
makers as they attempt to determine direction of
round-water flow, areas of recharge or discharge, the
ydraulic characteristics of aquifers, or the effects of
manmade stresses on the ground-water system. The
wetted graduated steel tape, electrical and air line
methods are discussed along with frequency of meas-
urements. The graduated steel tape method is consid-
ered to be the most accurate for measuring the water
level in nonflowing wells.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Water levels, 'Water qual-
ity management, 'Water pollution, Water flow,
Aquifers, Water wells, Waste disposal, Electrical
tapes, Electric measuring instruments, Decision
making, 'Superfund program, Regional analyses.
PB90-149857/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Structure-Activity Relationships and Estimation
Techniques for Blodegradatlon of Xenobiotlcs.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
S. A. Moore, J. D. Pope, J. T. Barnett, and L. A. Suarez.
Nov 89,109p EPA/600/3-89/080
The current status of structure-activity relationships for
the biodegradation of xenobiotics is reviewed. Results
are presented of a pilot study on biodegradation con-
stants obtained from computer databases. New analy-
ses for a relatively large number of anilines and phen-
ols are presented in which the kinetic constants for
biodegradation successfully correlate with the pKa's of
the ionizing groups. The use of molecular connectivity
indices Is reviewed. These indices have broad applica-
tion over a wide array of chemical classes in structure-
biodegradability relationships, and they have the bene-
fit of being purely calculated parameters. It is proposed
that the oiodegradability of complex molecules and
polymers containing labile R-X-R' linkages may be ac-
curately estimated based on the biodegradability of
their component parts, where X is one or more heter-
oatom. Estimation techniques are reviewed with re-
spect to the kinetic processes that are associated with
biodegredation.
Keywords: 'Biodeterioration, Chemical reaction kinet-
ics, Tables(Data), 'Xenobiotics, Information systems,
Structure-activity relationship. Biotransformation, Cell
kinetics.
PB90-149972/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Alternative Formulations to Reduce CFC (Chloro-
fluorocarbons) Use in U.S. Exempted and Ex-
cluded Aerosol Products. Final rept. Apr-Sep 89.
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
T. P. Nelson, and S. L. Wevill. Nov 89,155p EPA/600/
2-69/061
Contract EPA-68-02-4286
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report examines products exempted and excluded
from those affected by the 1978 ban on the use of
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) as aerosol propellents,
the present consumption of CFCs still utilized for these
products in the U.S., and alternative formulations
which may be used to reduce or eliminate the CFC
content of these products. (NOTE: The ban allowed for
exemptions if it could be demonstrated that no accept-
able alternative propellents were available and that the
products were essential. Essentiality was based on
three criteria: (1) the product's economic significance,
(2) the environmental and health impacts of the prod-
uct and its substitutes, and (3) the effects on the qual-
ity of life resulting from no longer having the product or
a reasonable substitute available. Also, if a CFC
served some purpose other than as a propellent, that
product was excluded from the regulation.) The study
shows that about 40% of the CFC usage in these prod-
ucts can be immediately replaced by available substi-
tutes. It identified seven categories of products for
which immediate replacement of all of the CFC con-
tent is not technically feasible.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, 'Air pollution, Tables(Data),
Substitutes, Product development, Marketing, Con-
sumption, Reduction, Formulations, 'Chlorofluorocar-
bons, Pollution regulations.
PB90-150806/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Proximity of Louisiana Sanitary Landfills to Wet-
lands and Deepwater Habitats. Data on Individual
Landfills.
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Biomedi-
cal and Toxicological Research and Hazardous Waste
Management.
V. W. Lambou, R. C. Herndon, J. E. Moerlins, and R. L.
Gebhard. Dec 89,30p EPA/600/4-89/038A
Grant EPA-R-815129010
See also PB90-150814. Prepared in cooperation with
National Wetlands Inventory, St. Petersburg, FL.
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Sanitary landfills can cause considerable harm to sen-
sitive ecosystems if they are not properly located, de-
signed, and managed. The report documents the prox-
imity of sanitary landfills included in the study in Louisi-
ana to wetlands and deepwater habitats (i.e., rivers,
lakes, streams, bays, etc.). The sanitary landfills were
identified on U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National
Wetlands Inventory maps. The nearness or proximity
of the sanitary landfills to wetlands and deepwater
habitats was determined by drawing three concentric
regions around the point representing the location of
each landfill. The radii of the concentric regions were:
1/4 mile, 1/2 mile, and 1 mile. A companion report
summarizes the statewide results. The data on individ-
ual landfills include general facility/site data and wet-
lands/deepwater habitat data. These facilities have
the potential to adversely affect sensitive ecosystems,
such as wetlands and deepwater habitats, either
through habitat alterations or through the migration of
contaminants from sanitary landfills.
Keywords: 'Louisiana, 'Waste disposal, "Site surveys,
'Habitability, 'Hazardous materials, Distance, Data
processing, Rivers, Lakes, BaysfTopographic fea-
tures), Deep water, Streams, Surface waters,
Tables(Data), 'Water pollution effects(Animals),
'Waste management, 'Sanitary landfills, Natural re-
sources management, Ecosystems, Environmental
transport, Wetlands.
PB90-150814/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Proximity of Louisiana Sanitary Landfills to Wet-
lands and Deepwater Habitats. Statewide Results.
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Biomedi-
cal and Toxicological Research and Hazardous Waste
Management.
V. W. Lambou, R. C. Herndon, J. E. Moerlins, and R. L.
Gebhard. Dec 89, 33p EPA/600/4-89/038B
Grant EPA-R-815139010
See also PB90-150806. Prepared in cooperation with
National Wetlands Inventory, St. Petersburg, FL.
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Sanitary landfills can cause considerable harm to sen-
sitive ecosystems if they are not properly located, de-
signed, and managed. The report summarizes the
proximity of sanitary landfills in the state of Louisiana
to wetlands and deepwater habitats (i.e., rivers, lakes,
streams, bays, etc.). The sanitary landfills were identi-
fied on U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Wet-
lands Inventory maps. The nearness or proximity of
the sanitary landfills to wetlands and deepwater habi-
tats was determined by drawing three concentric re-
gions around the point representing the location of
each landfill. The radii of the concentric regions were:
1 /4 mile, 1 /2 mile, and 1 mile. Most sanitary landfills in
the state of Louisiana are located in or are close to
either wetlands or deepwater habitats. Most are locat-
ed close to wetlands while more than half are close to
deepwater habitats. These facilities have the potential
to adversely affect sensitive ecosystems, such as wet-
lands and deepwater habitats, either through habitat
alterations or through the migration of contaminants
from sanitary landfills.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Waste disposal, 'Louisiana, 'Site surveys,
'Habitability, 'Hazardous materials, Distance, Deep
water, Data processing, Rivers, Bays(Topographic fea-
tures), Lakes, Streams, Surface waters,
Graphs(Charts), "Water pollution effects(Animals),
"State programs, "Waste management, "Sanitary
landfills, Environmental transport, Natural resources
management, Wetlands.
PB90-150822/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Framework for Real-Time Decision-Making: New
Bedford Harbor Pilot Dredging Study.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
W. G. Nelson. Nov 89,14p EPA/600/8-89/084,
ERLN-TT02
New Bedford Harbor is located along Buzzards Bay
between the cities of New Bedford and Fairhaven,
Mass. Since the 1940s, electronics and manufacturing
companies in the area have discharged effluents con-
taining polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) into the
Acushnet River and the harbor. Over the past 15
years, nearly 18,000 acres of PGB- and heavy metals-
contaminated sediment have been Identified, with PCB
concentrations as high as 100,000 parts per million
(ppm) in some areas of the upper harbor. In 1982, the
site was added to the Environmental Protection Agen-
cy's (EPA) National Priorities List of hazardous waste
sites slated for cleanup under the Superfund Act. A
feasibility study conducted by EPA in 1984 proposed
several alternatives for the remediation of NBH includ-
ing dredging contaminated sediments out of the
harbor. Federal, State, and local officials, as well as
the public, expressed concern over dredging. Many
believed that sediments resuspended during dredging
would cause the release of contaminants that would
affect biota inhabiting both the harbor and Buzzards
Bay. Others cited potential pollution problems from
contaminated water (leachate) leaking from the pro-
posed disposal site. In order to address these con-
cerns, the EPA decided to pre-test dredging and possi-
ble disposal options.
Keywords: "Decision making, "New Bedford Harbor,
"Dredging, "Waste disposal, "Real time operations,
Acushnet River, Sediments, Toxicity, National govern-
ment, Local government, State government, Manage-
ment planning, Water chemistry, "Risk assessment,
"Water pollution sampling, "Polychlorinated biphenyls,
Heavy metals, "Cleanup operations, Sediment-water
interfaces, Water pollution effects(Plants), Water pol-
lution effects(Animals), Environmental transport, Re-
medial action, Solid waste management.
PB90-150830/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Furnace Sorbent Reactivity Testing for Control of
S02 Emissions from Illinois Coals. Final rept. Oct
88-Aug 89.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Ea!?'jy . ^'r anc^ Energy Engineering Research Lab.
B. K. Gullett, and F. E. Briden. Dec 89,65p EPA/600/
2-89/065
Prepared in cooperation with Center for Research on
Sulfur in Coal, Champaign, IL.
The report gives results of ana evaluation of the poten-
tial of furnace sorbent injection (FSI) for sulfur dioxide
(S02) emission control on coal-fired boilers burning
coals indigenous to Illinois. Tests were run using four
coals from the Illinois Basin and six calcium hydroxide
(Ca(OH)2) sorbents, Including one provided by the Illi-
nois State Geological Survey (ISGS). The evaluation
included pilot- ana bench-scale sorbent reactivity test-
ing. sorbent microstructure characterization, and injec-
tion ash characterization. Pilot-scale FSI testing gave
S02 removal greater than 60%, with some tests (in-
cluding those with the ISGS sorbent) exceeding 70%
removal for Ca/S ratios of 2:1. Bench-scale testing of
injection at economizer temperatures (538 C) yielded
comparable removals of about 55%. X-ray diffraction
(XRD) tests of the sorbents showed a strong correla-
tion between three measured crystallite microstruc-
tural parameters and sorbent reactivity in the FSI tests.
Extraction procedure (EP) toxicity tests with the sor-
bent injection ash gave values well below Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) limits for reg-
ulated metals.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Sulfur dioxide,
"Combustion products, "Sorbents, "Calcium hydrox-
ides, "Injection, Furnaces, Illinois, Pilot plants, Extrac-
tion, Experimental design, Performance evaluation,
Molecular structure, X ray diffraction, Ashes, Acid rain,
Coal combustion.
PB90-150848/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Proximity of Georgia Sanitary Landfills to Wet-
lands and Deepwater Habitats. Statewide Results.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
J. E. Moerlins, R. C. Herndon, V. W. Lambou, and R. L.
Gebhard. Dec 89,33p EPA/600/4-89/048A
See also PB90-150855. Prepared in cooperation with
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Biomedi-
cal and Toxicological Research and Hazardous Waste
Management, and National Wetlands Inventory, St.
Petersburg, FL.
Sanitary landfills can cause considerable harm to sen-
sitive ecosystems if they are not properly located, de-
signed, and managed. These reports summarize the
proximity of sanitary landfills in Georgia to wetlands
and deepwater habitats (i.e., rivers, lakes, streams,
bays, etc.) and present data on the individual landfills.
The sanitary landfills were identified on U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service's National Wetlands Inventory maps.
The nearness or proximity of the sanitary landfills to
wetlands and deepwater habitats was determined by
drawing three concentric regions around the point rep-
resenting the location of each landfill. The radii of the
concentric regions were: 1/4 mile, 1/2 mile, and 1
mile. Most sanitary landfills in Georgia are located in or
are close to either wetlands or deepwater habitats. All
are located close to wetlands while one-third are close
to deepwater habitats. These facilities have the poten-
tial to adversely affect sensitive ecosystems, such as
wetlands and deepwater habitats, either through habi-
tat alterations or through the migration of contami-
nants from sanitary landfills.
Keywords: "Georgia, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys,
"Habitability, "Hazardous materials, Distance, Data
processing, Deep water, Rivers, BaysfTopographic
features), Lakes, Streams, Surface waters,
Graphs(Charts), "Water pollution effects(Animals),
"State programs, "Waste management, "Sanitary
landfills, Environmental transport, Natural resources
management, Wetlands, Ecosystems.
PB90-150855/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Proximity of Georgia Sanitary Landfills to Wet-
lands and Deepwater Habitats. Data on Individual
Landfills.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
J. E. Moerlins, R. C. Herndon, V. W. Lambou, and R. L.
Gebhard. Dec 89,45p EPA/600/4-89/048B
See also PB90-150848. Prepared in cooperation with
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Biomedi-
cal and Toxicological Research and Hazardous Waste
Management, and National Wetlands Inventory, St.
Petersburg, FL.
Sanitary landfills can cause considerable harm to sen-
sitive ecosystems if they are not properly located, de-
signed, and managed. The report documents the prox-
imity of sanitary landfills included in the study in Geor-
gia to wetlands and deepwater habitats (i.e., rivers,
lakes, streams, bays, etc.). The sanitary landfills were
identified on U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National
Wetlands Inventory maps. The nearness or proximity
of the sanitary landfills to wetlands and deepwater
habitats was determined by drawing three concentric
regions around the point representing the location of
each landfill. The radii of the concentric regions were:
1/4 mile, 1/2 mile, and 1 mile. A companion report
summarizes the statewide results. The data on individ-
ual landfills include general facility/site data and wet-
lands/deepwater habitat data. These facilities have
the potential to adversely affect sensitive ecosystems,
such as wetlands and deepwater habitats, either
through habitat alterations or through the migration of
contaminants from sanitary landfills.
Keywords: "Georgia, "Waste disposal, 'Site surveys,
"Habitability, "Hazardous materials. Distance, Data
processing, Rivers, Lakes, Bays(Topographic fea-
tures), Deep water, Streams, Surface waters,
Tables(Data), "Sanitary landfills, "Waste manage-
ment, "Water pollution effects(Animals), Natural re-
sources management, Ecosystems, Environmental
transport, Wetlands.
PB90-150863/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Proximity of Florida Sanitary Landfills to Wet-
lands and Deepwater Habitats. Statewide Results.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
R. C. Herndon, J. E. Moerlins, V. W. Lambou, and R. L.
Gebhard. Jan 90,33p EPA/600/4-89/041 A
See also PB90-150871. Prepared in cooperation with
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Biomedi-
cal and Toxicological Research and Hazardous Waste
Management, and National Wetlands Inventory, St
Petersburg, FL.
Sanitary landfills can cause considerable harm to sen-
sitive ecosystems if they are not properly located, de-
signed, and managed. These reports summarize the
proximity of sanitary landfills in Florida to wetlands and
deepwater habitats (i.e., rivers, lakes, streams, bays,
etc.) and present data on the individual landfills. The
sanitary landfills were identified on U.S. Fish and Wild-
life Service's National Wetlands Inventory maps. The
nearness or proximity of the sanitary landfills to wet-
lands and deepwater habitats was determined by
drawing three concentric regions around the point rep-
resenting the location of each landfill. The radii of the
concentric regions were: 1/4 mile, 1/2 mile, and 1
mile. Most sanitary landfills in Florida are located in or
are close to either wetlands or deepwater habitats.
Most are located close to wetlands while approximate-
ly half are close to deepwater habitats. The facilities
have the potential to adversely affect sensitive ecosys-
tems, such as wetlands and deepwater habitats, either
through habitat alterations or through the migration of
contaminants from sanitary landfills.
Keywords: "Site surveys, "Waste disposal, 'Hazard-
ous materials, 'Florida, "Habitability, Distance, Data
processing, Rivers, Lakes, Deep water,
BaysfTopographic features), Streams, Surface waters,
Graphs(Charts), "Water pollution effects(Animals),
'State programs, 'Waste management, 'Sanitary
landfills, Ecosystems, Environmental transport. Natu-
ral resource management, Wetlands.
PB90-150871/HSU	PC AQ3/MF A01
Proximity of Florida Sanitary Landfills to Wet-
lands and Deepwater Habitats. Data on Individual
Landfills.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas.
NV.
R. C. Herndon, J. E. Moerlins, V. W. Lambou, and R. L
Gebhard. Jan 90,37p EPA/600/4-89/041 B
See also PB90-150863. Prepared in cooperation with
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Biomedi-
cal and Toxicological Research and Hazardous Waste
Management, and National Wetlands Inventory, St
Petersburg, FL.
Sanitary landfills can cause considerable harm to sen-
sitive ecosystems if they are not properly located, de-
signed, and managed. The report documents the prox-
imity of sanitary landfills included in the study in Florida
to wetlands and deepwater habitats (i.e., rivers, lakes,
streams, bays, etc.). The sanitary landfills were identi-
fied on U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Wet-
lands Inventory maps. The nearness or proximity of
the sanitary landfills to wetlands and deepwater habi-
tats was determined by drawing three concentric re-
gions around the point representing the location of
each landfill. The radii of the concentric regions were:
1/4 mile, 1/2 mile, and 1 mile. A companion report
summarizes the statewide results. The data on individ-
ual landfills include general facilities/site data and wet-
lands/deepwater habitat data. The facilities have the
potential to adversely affect sensitive ecosystems,
such as wetlands and deepwater habitats, either
through habitat alterations or through the migration of
contaminants from sanitary landfills.
Keywords: 'Florida, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys
'Habitability, "Hazardous materials, Data processing'
Water pollution, Distance, Rivers, BaysfTopographic
features), Deep water, Lakes, Streams, Surface
waters, Tables(Data), 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), 'Waste management, 'Sanitary
landfills, Natural resources management, Ecosystems.
Environmental transport. Wetlands.
PB90-150897/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5V
Whitehall Municipal Wells, Ml. (First Remedial
Action), September 1988. Final rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89,30p EPA/ROD/R05-89/108
The Whitehall Municipal Wells site is in Whitehall
Michigan, and includes production well 3 (PW3) whioh
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
is the focus of this Record of Decision. Perchloroethy-
lene (PCE) has been detected in the soil and ground
water. The suspected source of the PCE is a nearby
dry-cleaning operation which leaked PCE until the
problem was corrected in 1981. In 1980 the State iden-
tified PW3 as the source of contamination in the mu-
nicipal drinking water supply and recommended that
the city use PW3 only on an emergency basis. The
State continued to monitor the well, and until October
1988 the city used the well only on an as-needed basis
at reduced pumping rates. Results from the remedial
investigation conducted in 1988-89 revealed only low
levels of contamination in the wells; no contaminant
exceeded Maximum Contaminant Levels or Maximum
Contaminant Level Goals.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
'Water pollution, Water wells, Ground water, Soils,
"Superfund, First Remedial Action,
Whitehall(Michigan), Chloroethylene/Penta.
PB90-150905/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Caldwell Trucking Company, Fairfield Township,
Essex County, New Jersey (Second Remedial
Action), September 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
28 Sep 89,54p EPA/ROD/R02-89/096
See also PB87-190112.
The 11-acre Caldwell Trucking site is in Fairfield Town-
ship, Essex County, New Jersey. The site is situated
on an extensive 100-year floodplain of the Passaic
River and neighbors Deepavaal Brook and numerous
wetlands, as well as residential and commercial prop-
erties. From the 1950s to 1984 the Caldwell Trucking
Company dumped, and allowed others to dump, septic
wastes into unlined lagoons and later into steel holding
tanks at the site. An EPA Investigation conducted be-
tween 1984 and 1986 revealed that onsite soil and a
municipal well were contaminated with VOCs, PCBs,
and metals. The Investigation resulted in a 1988
Record of Decision (ROD) which provided for soil re-
mediation, restoration of a municipal well, and residen-
tial hookups to municipal water. Ground water, howev-
er remains contaminated because of a TCE-contami-
nated plume which extends 4,000 feet from the site to-
wards the Passaic River. The primary contaminants of
concern affecting the ground water are VOCs including
TCE. The selected remedial action for this site in-
cludes pumping and treatment of offslte ground water
using air stripping with offslte discharge to the Passaic
River.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Waste disposal,
•Hazardous materials, Ground water. Flood plains, Va-
porizing, Biphenyl, Chlorine organic compounds,
dumping. Waste treatment, Superfund, Record of De-
cision. Essex County(New Jersey).
PB90-150913/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Byron Barrel and Drum, New York (First Remedial
Action), September 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89,176p EPA/ROD/R02-89/089
The Byron Barrel and Drum site is in Genesee County,
New York, and occupies approximately two acres of an
eight-acre tract of land. The rural area surrounding the
site includes woods, wetlands and agricultural land,
with approximately 320 people living within a one-mile
¦wjius of the site. From 1978 to 1980 the site owner re-
oortedly abandoned approximately 200 barrels of haz-
ardous waste without a permit. The State and EPA dis-
covered these barrels in 1982 and initiated an investi-
gation which resulted In the removal and disposal of
{fa drums and approximately 40 cubic yards of con-
taminated soil and debris. A subsequent remedial in-
vestigation in 1987 revealed that solvent spills have
contaminated two major areas of the site, resulting in
soil and ground water contamination. The primary con-
taminants of concern affecting the soil and ground
water are VOCs including benzene, PCE, TCE, tolu-
ene and xylenes; other organics including PAHs, and
phenol*; and metals including chromium and lead.
Keywords: 'Solvents, 'Organic compounds, 'Hazard-
ous materials, 'Water pollution, Sites, Removal, Waste
HlnnXaai Ground water, Vaporizing, Benzene, Tolu-
Xylenes, Metals, Chromium, Lead(Metal), Super-
fund Record of Decision, Genesee County(New York).
PB90-150939/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Preferred Plating, NY. (First Remedial Action),
September 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
22 Sep 89, 54p EPA/ROD/R02-89/088
The 0.5-acre Preferred Plating site is located In a light
industrial area of Farmingdale, Suffolk County, New
York. The site is bordered to the east and west by
commercial and light industrial properties, to the north
by a large wooded area, and to the south by a residen-
tial community and a U.S. Army facility. Between Sep-
tember 1951 and June 1976, Preferred Plating Corpo-
ration operated a metal treating facility that resulted in
the generation, storage, and disposal of hazardous
waste. Untreated waste water was discharged to four
concrete leaching points directly behind the facility.
Site investigations conducted by the Suffolk County
Department of Health Services as early as 1953 re-
vealed heavy metal contamination of ground water
and cracked and leaking onsite leaching pits. Ground
water is used for drinking water supplies by the entire
population of both Nassau and Suffolk counties. The
operable unit addresses the overall ground water con-
tamination attributable to the site; a second operable
unit will be undertaken to more fully characterize and
identify any contaminated soil and to investigate po-
tential upgradient sources of contamination.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, Public
health, Water pollution, Cost analysis, 'Superfund pro-
gram, 'Remedial actions, Heavy metals, Volatile or-
Panic compounds, Liquid waste disposal,
armingdale(New York).
PB90-1S0947/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
Smith's Farm, Brooks, KY. (First Remedial Action),
September 1S89. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89, 99p EPA/ROD/R04-89/052
The Smith's Farm site is a 560-acre property in a rural
area of Bullitt County, Kentucky. Within the 560-acre
property there is a 37.5-acre landfill that, until recently,
was permitted by the State for the disposal of solid
waste. The owner of the landfill was cited at various
times by the State for permit violations. The property
also includes an 80-acre upgradient of the permitted
landfill on a mile-long ridge Between two intermittent
creeks where the unpermitted disposal of drums con-
taining hazardous waste occurred over a 20-year
period. EPA investigations from 1979 to 1984 resulted
in the removal of 6,000 surface drums containing haz-
ardous waste including PCB-contaminated waste. This
remedy addresses contaminated onsite soil, sediment,
and drums within the 80-acre area. A second operable
unit will address the other suspected areas of drum
disposal. The primary contaminants of concern affect-
ing the soil and sediment are organics including PCBs
and PAHs, and metals including lead.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys,
Lead(Metal), Public health, Solid waste disposal. Cost
analysis, Licenses, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons,
Water pollution, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial ac-
tions, 'Solid waste management, Poiychlorobiphenyl
compounds, Bullitt County(Kentucky), SoH contamina-
tion.
PB90-1S0964/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Claremont Poly chemical, New York (Second Re-
medial Action), September IMS. Final rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
22 Sep 89,57p EPA/ROD/R02-89/090
The Claremont Polychemical site is a 9.5-acre aban-
doned chemical production facility in central Long
Island, Town of Oyster Bay, Nassau County, New
York. Land use in the area is devoted primarily to light
industrial and commercial operations. Contamination
at the site took place between 1968 and 1980 and re-
sulted from ink and pigment manufacturing operations,
which generated wastes including organic solvents,
resins, and wash wastes. The site consists of a one-
story building with a contaminated sump, five 5,000-
gallon wastewater treatment basins containing sludge.
and six above-ground tanks, three of which still contain
waste materials. The initial discovery of site contami-
nation occurred in 1979 when the county found 2,000
to 3,000 waste drums, some uncovered and others
leaking. The primary contaminants of concern in
drummed and packaged liquids and solids, and in
treatment basin sludge are VOCs including benzene,
toluene, TCE, and PCE; other organics; and metals in-
cluding arsenic, chromium, and lead.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, Cost analy-
sis, Public health, Water pollution, Solid waste dispos-
al, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial actions, 'Solid
waste management, Liquid waste disposal, Oyster
Bay(New York), Heavy metals, Volatile organic com-
pounds.
PB90-150962/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Ewan Property, NJ. (Second Remedial Action),
September 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89,121 p EPA/ROD/R02-89/095
See also PB89-196760.
The 43-acre Ewan Property site is in the New Jersey
Pinelands in Shamong Township, Burlington County,
New Jersey. Between 1974 and 1975 the site owner
reportedly buried uncontained and drummed hazard-
ous wastes in an onsite disposal area. In 1982 the
county was informed of the possible hazardous waste
dumping and initiated ground water monitoring and soil
sampling programs the following year. Both the ground
water and soil within the disposal area were found to
be contaminated with VOCs and metals. The remedial
action represents the second of two operable units for
the site. The 1988 Record of Decision addressed the
treatment of 4,500 cubic yards of source waste includ-
ing buried drums and other heavily contaminated ma-
terials. The second operable unit addresses the reme-
diation of the residual soil which will remain after imple-
mentation of the first operable unit and the treatment
of the contaminated ground water. The primary con-
taminants of concern affecting the soil and ground
water are VOCs including benzene, PCE, TCE, tolu-
ene, and xylenes; and metals including chromium and
lead.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Site surveys, Public health, Water pollution,
Cost analysis, Solid waste disposal, Lead(Metal),
'Solid waste management, 'Superfund program, 'Re-
medial actions, 'Soil contamination, Volatile organic
compounds, New Jersey Pinelands.
PB90-150970/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 10):
Northslde Landfill, Washington (First Remedial
Action), September 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Sep 89,124p EPA/ROD/R10-89/019
The 345-acre Northslde Landfill is in a mixed residen-
tial and agricultural area, in the northwest comer of the
city of Spokane, Spokane County, Washington. The
landfill has been used since the 1930s by the city of
Spokane and a variety of private and public haulers for
disposal of residential and light commercial refuse.
The landfill is divided into four disposal units: a refuse
unit, a grease skimmings unit, an old open burn unit
and a sewage sludge unit. Only the refuse unit is
active; however, it is scheduled to close by 1992. The
western one-third of the land fill lies over the large
Spokane Valley-Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer (SVRPA).
The SVRPA was designated as a sole source of water
supply for the Spokane-Coeur d'Alene area by EPA in
1978. Investigations conducted in 1981 and 1983 indi-
cated the presence of volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) beneath the site and in off site residential wells
located northwest of the landfill. The city immediately
supplied the 19 affected residences with bottled water
and has since extended municipal water lines to the
area. The primary contaminants of concern affecting
the ground water are VOCs including PCE, TCA, and
TCE. In addition, iron and lead exceed the secondary
drinking water standards offsite.
Keywords: 'Earth fiHs, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys,
Lead(Metal), Public health. Water pollution. Solid
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
waste disposal. Cost analysis, 'Superfund program,
'Remedial actions, 'Municipal wastes,
Spokane(Washington), Soil contamination, Liquid
waste disposal, Volatile organic compounds.
PB90-151341/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Activated Carbon Adsorption of Olbromochloro-
propane: Modeling of Adsorber Performance
Under Conditions of Water Treatment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, IX.
Office of Drinking Water.
D. D. Endicott. Jun 88,92p EPA/570/9-89/019
Experiments were conducted to develop activated
carbon treatability data tor 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropro-
pane (DBCP), and examine the applications and limita-
tions of adsorption models. Equilibrium and kinetic pa-
rameters were developed using organic-free water and
ground water spiked with DBCP in experiments with
both virgin carbon and carbon which had been pre-
loaded with natural organic material. Mass transfer pa-
rameters estimated from correlations found in the liter-
ature were compared with those determined experi-
mentally. The pore-surface diffusion (PSD) model was
used for analysis of kinetic data and performance pre-
diction. interparticle diffusion was the predominant
mass transfer mechanism and it was not significantly
affected by matrix or preloading, while the equilibrium
capacity was. A lumped-parameter modeling approach
was verified with an independent experiment and was
used to predict DBCP adsorption performance under
simulated water treatment conditions. A variety of ad-
sorber configurations were examined for a variety of
treatment objectives using the calibrated PSD model.
Keywords: 'Activated carbon treatment, 'Contami-
nants, Adsorptivity, Models, Tables(Data),
Graphs(Charts), Equilibrium, Kinetics, Performance
evaluation, Water pollution, "Dibromochloropropane.
PB90-151457/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
and Appendices A-C. Final rept. Jun 87-May 88.'
OMNI Environmental Services, Inc., Beaverton, OR.
P. G. Burnet, J. E. Houck, and R. B. Roholt. Jan 90,
136p EPA/600/2-90/001 A
Contract EPA-68-02-4277
See also PB90-151465. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report gives results of a project, in support of the
Integrated Air Cancer Project (IACP), to provide data
on the specific effects of appliance type and operating
variables on woodstove emissions. Samples of partic-
ulate material and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
were collected. Particulate samples were analyzed for
different organic fractions including specific polynu-
clear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds. Inor-
ganic matter on the filters was also analyzed. Results
were calculated for pollutant concentrations, emission
rates, and emission factors. Twelve test runs were
conducted on a conventional stove, and two on a cata-
lyst-equipped stove. Operating variables included fuel
type (oak and pine), altitude (80 and 800 m), and burn
rate (high and low). Test data were analyzed using
analysis of variance and linear regression procedures.
Although the data do not show strong statistical signifi-
cance due to variability of results, some general trends
do appear to be present, and conclusions can be
drawn as to the effects of various operating variables
on woodstove emissions.
Keywords: 'Stoves, 'Flue gases, 'Residential build-
ings, Altitude, Particles, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocar-
bons, Fuels, Burning rate, Catalysts, Gas analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), Chromato-
graphic analysis, Ashes, 'Wood burning appliances,
*Afr pollution sampling, 'Indoor air pollution, 'Emis-
sion factors, 'Air pollution detection, Boise(ldaho),
Volatile organic compounds.
PB90-151465/HSU	PC A12/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Effect* of Appliance Type and Operating Varia-
bles on Woodstove Emissions. Volume 2. Appen-
dices D-F. Final rept. Jun 87-May 88.
OMNI Environmental Services, Inc., Beaverton, un.
P. G. Burnet, J. E. Houck, and R. B. Roholt. Jan 90,
266p EPA/600/2-90/001 B
Contract EPA-68-02-4277
See also PB90-151457. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report gives results of a project, in support of the
Integrated Air Cancer Project (IACP), to provide data
on the specific effects of appliance type and operating
variables on woodstove emissions. Samples of partic-
ulate material and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
were collected. Particulate samples were analyzed for
different organic fractions including specific polynu-
clear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds. Inor-
ganic matter on the filters was also analyzed. Results
were calculated for pollutant concentrations, emission
rates, and emission factors. Twelve test runs were
conducted on a conventional stove, and two on a cata-
lyst-equipped stove. Operating variables included fuel
type (oak and pine), altitude (80 and 800 m), and burn
rate (high and low). Test data were analyzed using
analysis of variance and linear regression procedures.
Although the data do not show strong statistical signifi-
cance due to variability of results, some general trends
do appear to be present, and conclusions can be
drawn as to the effects of various operating variables
on woodstove emissions.
Keywords: 'Stoves, 'Flue gases, 'Residential build-
ings, Altitude, Particles, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocar-
bons, Fuels, Chromatographic analysis, Burning rate,
Catalysts, Gas analysis, Concentration(Composition),
Tables(Data), Ashes, "Wood burning appliances, 'Air
pollution sampling, 'Indoor air pollution, 'Emission
factors, 'Air pollution detection, Boise(ldaho), Volatile
organic compounds.
PB90-151782/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Protein Adduct Forming Chemicals for Expoaure
Monitoring: Chemicals Selected for Further Study.
Lockheed Engineering and Sciences Co., Inc., Las
Vegas, NV.
F. C. Schnell, and T. C. Chiang. Dec 89,178p EPA/
600/4-89/035
Contract EPC-68-03-3249
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The present report is an in-depth characterization of
twenty-two chemicals and the protein (primarily hemo-
globin) adducts that are formed following exposure to
these compounds. These chemicals were recom-
mended for further study in a recent internal report
which described the state of the science with regard to
chemicals and adducts potentially of interest for expo-
sure monitoring. The twenty-two compounds which are
evaluated are ranked and placed in one of the follow-
ing categories: (1) Simple alkylating and arylating
agents that form N-terminal valine adducts, (2) Aro-
matic amines that form hydrolyzable cysteine adducts,
(3) Chemicals that form hydrolyzable, but less well-
characterized adducts, (4) Chemicals that form char-
acterized, but nonhydrolyzable adducts, and (5)
Chemicals that form poorly characterized adducts.
Keywords: 'Proteins, 'Carcinogens, 'Toxicity, Hydrol-
ysis, Tables(Data), In vitro analysis, In vivo analysis,
Hemoglobins, Aromatic compounds, Detoxification,
Diagrams, 'Adducts, Metabolic activation, Dose-re-
sponse relationships, Environmental monitoring, Envi-
ronmental exposure pathways.
PB9O-151770/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Exposure to Chemical Additive* from Polyvinyl
Chloride Polymer Extrusion Processing.
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, Tx.
C. S. Lamb. Dec 89,120p EPA/600/2-89/063
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The report presents a model to predict worker inhala-
tion exposure due to off-gassing of additives during
polyvinyl chloride (PVC) extrusion processing. Data on
off-massing of additives were reviewed in the literature,
the off-gassing at normal PVC processing tempera-
tures was studied in the laboratory, process variables
were estimated from an equipment manufacturer
survey, and worker-activities and possible exposure
sources were observed in an industrial survey. The
purpose of the study was to develop a theoretical
model to predict worker inhalation exposure to addi-
tives used during PVC extrusion processing. A model
to estimate the generation rate of the additive from the
polymer extrudate was derived from the mass trans-
port equations governing diffusion. The mass flow rate,
initial additive volatile weight traction, off-gassing time,
diffusivity, and slab thickness are required to deter-
mine the generation rate from the model.
Keywords; "Polyvinyl chloride, 'Respiration, 'Toxicity,
'Plastics extruding, 'Plastics industry, Exposure,
Models, Diffusivity, Tables(Data), Pyrolysis, Phtha-
lates, Air pollution, Plasticizers, Occupational expo-
sure, Risk assessment.
PB90-152224/HSU	PC A12/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Nonoccupational Pesticide Exposure Study
(NOPES). Final rept. Aug 85-Feb 88.
Research T riangle Inst., Research T riangle Park, NC.
F. W. Immerman, and J. L. Schaum. Jan 90,256p
EPA/600/3-90/003
Contract EPA-68-02-4544
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
The Non-occupational Pesticide Exposure Study was
the first attempt to develop a methodology for measur-
ing the potential exposure of specified populations to
common pesticides. In the study, as in other studies
utilizing the Total Exposure Assessment Methodology
(TEAM), the exposures were related to actual use pat-
terns. A selected list of 32 household pesticides were
evaluated in two different cities during the study. Air
samples were collected over a 24-hour period in
indoor, outdoor and personal microenvironments. In
addition, limited water and dermal contact samples
were collected for selected homes. The study house-
holds were selected from stratified random population
samples in two urbanized areas. The samples were
collected over several seasons in areas contrasting a
relatively high and low use of pesticides. Dietary recall,
activity pattern, and pesticide use data were collected
through survey questionnaires. The report discusses
the results of the study with an emphasis on the vari-
ous routes of exposure (air, water, dermal, and indi-
rectly, food) and their relative contribution to total
human exposure.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Public health. Contamination,
Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), Toxicity, Sampling, Skin
effect, Water pollution, Air pollution, 'Environmental
exposure pathways.
PB90-153214/HSU	PC A11/MFA02
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region Ik
O'Connor Company Site, ME. (First Remedial
Action), September 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
27 Sep 89,226p EPA/ROD/R01-89/038
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The O'Connor site covers a 9-acre area near the city of
Augusta, Maine. The F. O'Connor Company began op-
erating a salvage and electrical transformer recycling
business at the site in the early 1950s. Because of pith
vious oil spills the State investigated the site In 1976
and found the surface water, sediment, and soil con-
taminated with PCBs. As a result of the study the F
O'Connor Company constructed two surface water im-
poundments (lagoons) to control further migration of
oils from the site. In 1977 the State ordered the F.
O'Connor Company to discontinue use of the lagoons!
Subsequently the lagoon waters were pumped Into
several onsite storage tanks and the sediment was ex-
cavated, deposited in a low area onsite, and covered
with a clay cover. The sediment created a barrier for
surface water and formed an upland marsh onsite In
May 1987 EPA and the State jointly issued an amend-
ed Administrative Order to F. O'Connor Company re-
quired field investigations and extensions of the exist-
ing fence to areas where additional contamination was
found. The primary contaminants of concern affectina
the soil, sediment, ground water, and surface water are
VOCs including benzene, other organics including
PCBs and PAHs, and metals includinglead.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, Aromatic
polycyclic compounds, Public health, Water pollution,
Cost analysis, Lead(Metal), 'Superfund program, 'Re-
medial actions, Volatile organic compounds,
Augusta(Maine), Liquid waste disposal, Polychlorobi-
phenyl compounds.
PB90-153511/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Proximity of Pennsylvania Sanitary Landfills to
Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats: Statewide Re-
sults.
State Univ. System of Florida, Tallahassee.
R C. Hemdon, J. E. Moerlins, V. W. Lambou, and R. L.
Gebhard. Dec 89,33p EPA/600/4-89/047A
Grant EPA-R-815 139010
Prepared in cooperation with National Wetlands Inven-
tory, St. Petersburg, FL. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Sanitary landfills can cause considerable harm to sen-
sitive ecosystems if they are not properly located, de-
signed, and managed. The purpose of the report is to
document the proximity of sanitary landfills included in
the study in Pennsylvania to wetlands and deepwater
habitats (i.e., rivers, lakes, streams, bays, etc.). The
sanitary landfills were identified on U.S. Fish and Wild-
life Service's National Wetlands Inventory maps. The
nearness or proximity of the sanitary landfills to wet-
lands and deepwater habitats was determined by
drawing three concentric regions around the point rep-
resenting the location of each landfill. The radii of the
concentric regions were: 1/4 mile, 1/2 mile, and 1
mile. A companion report summarizes the statewide
results. The data on individual landfills include: (1) gen-
eral facility/site data, and (2) wetlands/deepwater
habitat data.
Keywords: 'Earth fields, 'Sanitary engineering,
'Marshes, 'Swamps, Deep water, Lakes,
BaysfTopographic features}, Environmental impacts,
Water pollution, Construction, Environmental trans-
port, Sensitivity, Pennsylvania, 'Wetlands, Habitats.
PB90-153677/H8U	PC A09/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1):
Auburn Road Landfill, Londenderry, NH. (Second
Remedial Action), September 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89,192p EPA/ROD/R01 -89/042
See also PB87-190104.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The Auburn Road Landfill site consists of four former
disposal areas on 200 acres of land in Londenderry,
Rockingham County, New Hampshire. The four dis-
posal areas, referred to as the Old Town Dump (3
acres), the Tire Dump (4 acres), the Solid Waste Area
(6 acres), and the Septage Lagoon (1 acre), are
sources of soil and ground water contamination at the
gte. in 1979, after verifying that industrial wastes were
being disposed of at the site, the State prohibited fur-
ther disposal of drums. In 1986 EPA removed approxi-
mately 1.000 drums of waste materials from the site,
the majority being removed from the Old Town Dump
area. The first operable unit for the site was completed
in December 1987, when all residences identified as
being potentially impacted by site ground water con-
tamination were connected to a local public water
supply. The ROD represents the second and third op-
erable units for the site and includes ground water re-
mediation and reducing residual soil contamination
which is a contamination source to ground water. The
primary contaminants of concern affecting the soil and
ground water are VOCs including benzene, toluene,
TCE, and PCE; and metals including arsenic and lead.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, Public
health. Water pollution, Cost analysis, Solid waste dis-
posal, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial actions, 'Soil
waste management, Soil contamination,
Londenderry(New Hampshire), Heavy metals, Volatile
organic compounds.
PB90-153685/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Cross Brothers Pall (Pembroke), IL. (First Remedi-
al Action), September 1969. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
28 Sep 89,79p EPA/ROD/R05-89/106
See also PB85-249613.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The Cross Brothers Pail site is a former pail and drum
recycling operation located in Pembroke Township,
Kankakee County, Illinois. The 20-acre site, approxi-
mately half of which was used for waste disposal, is in
a semi-residential area interspersed with small farms.
Recycling operations, which involved draining empty
drums and pails containing paints, dyes, and inks on
the ground, resulted in the formation of a waste resi-
due layer approximately 6 inches thick over 10 acres of
the property. In addition crushed pails and drums were
buried in 10 trenches located around the site. Oper-
ations continued at the site from 1961 until 1980 when
the State closed the site and ordered a cleanup. An Ini-
tial Remedial Measure was signed in 1985 which re-
quired clearing the disposal area of all vegetation and
removing 6,438 tons of contaminated surficial soils,
542 drums containing wastes, and 572 empty drums.
Ground water contamination is the principal threat at
the site. The primary contaminants of concern affect-
ing the soil and ground water are VOCs including ben-
zene, PCE, TCE, toluene and xylenes; and other or-
ganics including PCBs.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, Water pollu-
tion, Public health, Cost analysis, 'Superfund program,
'Soil contamination, 'Remedial actions, 'Land recla-
mation, Volatile organic compounds, Pembroke
Township(lllinois), Liquid waste disposal, Polychlorobi-
phenyl compounds.
PB90-153693/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Craig Farm Drum, Perry Township, PA. (First Re-
medial Action), September 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89, 54p EPA/ROD/R03-89/079
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Craig Farm Drum site covers approximately 117
acres near the village of Fredericksburg in Armstrong
County, Pennsylvania. The area around the site is
dominated by farmland and forest, and a creek
crosses the southern portion of the site. The site con-
sists of two abandoned strip mine pits which were later
used for disposal of distillation residue containing res-
orcinol and other high polymers. From 1958 to 1963
the Koppers Chemical Co. disposed of 2,500 tons of
resorcinol production residue in 55-galk>n drums in the
pits. The primary contaminants of concern affecting
the soil and ground water are organics including ben-
zene and phenol, inorganics, and metals including lead
and chromium. The selected remedial action for the
site includes the excavation of 32, 000 cubic yards of
soil from the two disposal pits and surrounding area
with onslte treatment using solidification; placement of
treated soil in a newly excavated and lined onsite land-
fill followed by capping; passive collection of ground
water using a seep interceptor system with offsite
treatment; and performing a ground water verification
study.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, Water pollu-
tion, Public health, Cost analysis, 'Superfund program,
'Remedial actions. Heavy metals,
Fredericksburg(Pennsylvania), Soil contamination,
Liquid waste disposal, volatile organic compounds.
PBSO-153701/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Chemical Insecticide, Middlesex County, NJ. (First
Rsmedlal Action), September 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89,81p EPA/ROD/R02-89/098
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Chemical Insecticide site is part of a 94-acre in-
dustrial development in Edison, Middlesex County,
New Jersey. From 1958 to 1970 Chemical Insecticide
Corporation (CIC) produced and stored pesticide for-
mulations at the property resulting in soil, surface
water, and ground water contamination. Between 1966
and 1969 CIC was ordered by the city to close onsite
lagoons, dispose of leaking drums, and stop
wastewater discharge. Subsequent Ri/FS investiga-
tions revealed the extreme complexity of the site due
to the number and variety of contaminants (herbicides,
pesticides, and metals) and the physical characteris-
tics of the site. The primary contaminants of concern in
the soil which may affect the surface water are organ-
ics including pesticides, and metals including arsenic.
The selected remedial action for this site includes
clearing and grading the site; covering the entire site
with an impermeable surficial cap; constructing a sur-
face water run-off diversion system; controlling the re-
lease of collected, uncontaminated surface water run-
off from the site; and surface water monitoring.
Keywords: 'Sites, 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Pesticides, Ground water, Monitor-
ing, Contamination, Waste treatment. Water wells,
Metals, Organic compound, Arsenic, Run off, Di-
verters, Monitoring, Record of Decision, 'Superfund,
First Remedial Action.
PB90-153719/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Big D Campground, Klngsvllle, OH. (First Rsmsdi-
al Action), September 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89,121 p EPA/ROD/R05-89/101
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Big D Campground site is in Kingsville, Ashtabula
County, Ohio. The site consists of a 1.2-acre landfill
created out of a former sand and gravel quarry. From
1964 to 1976 the site owner accepted approximately
28,000 cubic yards of hazardous materials for disposal
which included up to 5,000 drums containing solvents,
caustics, and oily substances. A1986 remedial investi-
gation identified the landfill as the primary source of
contamination in soil outside the landfill and ground
water underlying the landfill. Ground water contamina-
tion is of significant concern because it is migrating to-
wards the drinking water supply wells of nearby resi-
dences and Conneaut Creek which is adjacent to and
south of the site. The primary contaminants of concern
affecting the soil and ground water are VOCs including
PCE and TCE, other organics, and metals including
chromium and lead. The selected remedial action for
this site includes removing and incinerating up to 5,000
buried drums, bulk wastes, and up to 30,000 cubic
yards of contaminated soil followed by onsite disposal
of nonhazardous ash residue; pumping and treatment
of 40,000,000 to 60,000,000 gallons of ground water.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Organic compounds, 'Hazard-
ous materials, 'Waste disposal, Sites, Water pollution,
Solvents, Oils, Alkalies, Water supply, Ground water,
Removal, Incinerators, Waste disposal, Pumping,
Waste treatment, Record of Decision, First Remedial
Action, 'Superfund, Kingsville(Ohio), Ashtabula
County(Ohio).
PB90-153727/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Port Washington Landfill, Nassau County, NY.
(First Remedial Action), September 1989. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Sep 89,137p EPA/ROD/R02-89/082
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Port Washington Landfill site is on the eastern por-
tion of Manhasset Neck, Nassau County, Long Island,
New York. The 139-acre municipally owned site con-
sists of two landfiiled areas separated by a vacant
area. The Record of Decision addresses the 53-acre
inactive landfill on the western portion of the site,
which is the suspected source of methane gas thought
to cause furnace explosions in residences neighbonng
the landfill during 1979 through 1981. From 1974 to
1983 the landfill operator accepted incinerator residue,
residential and commercial refuse, and construction
rubble for disposal. Because extensive air monitoring,
performed in 1981, revealed high methane levels in
several areas residences, a venting system was in-
stalled to prevent subsurface gases from migrating
west of the landfill and to destroy hazardous chemicals
commonly detected in sanitary landfill gas. The select-
ed remedial action for the site includes capping the
landfill; rehabilitating the existing gas collection system
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
and installing additional vacuum extraction vents;
ground water pumping and treatment.
Keywords: 'Methane, 'Earth fills, "Hazardous materi-
als, "Waste disposal, Sites, Water pollution, Inciner-
ators, Residues, Organic compounds, Benzene, Col-
lecting methods, Ground water, Pumping, Record of
Decision, First Remedial Action, "Superfund, Nassau
County(New York), Long lsland(New York), Air strip-
ping.
PB90-153735/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2): De
Rewal Chemical, Hunterdon County, NJ. (First Re-
medial Action), September 1889. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC,
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89,55p EPA/ROD/R02-89/087
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The De Rewal Chemical site is in Kingswood Town-
ship, Hunterdon County, New Jersey. The 3.7-acre site
lies within the 100-year floodplain of the Delaware
River and consists of a former dumping area, a garage,
a private residence, and a building formerly occupied
by the De Rewal Chemical Company. Between 1970
and 1973 the De Rewal Chemical Company reportedly
manufactured and stored a textile preservative and an
agricultural fungicide onsite. The State discovered De
Rewal Chemical Company's improper chemical han-
dling practices in 1972 but was unsuccessful in forcing
the company to comply with permit requirements. The
De Rewal Chemical Company continued to improperly
dump chemicals onsite including one incident in which
a tank truck containing 3,000 to 5,000 gallons of highly
acidic chromium solution was allowed to drain onto the
soil and eventually to the Delaware River. In 1973 the
State ordered the company to excavate and place
contaminated soil on an impermeable liner. The com-
pany reportedly only placed a portion of the contami-
nated soil on an uncovered plastic sheet before filing
for bankruptcy. The primary contaminants of concern
affecting the soil and ground water are VOCs including
PCE, TCE, and toluene; other organics including
PAHs; and metals including chromium and lead.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Waste dis-
posal, "Site surveys, Aromatic polycyciic hydrocar-
bons, Public health, Water pollution, Cost analysis,
Solid waste disposal, "Superfund program, "Remedial
actions, "Solid waste management, Heavy metals,
Liquid waste disposal, Soil contamination, Kingswood
Township(New Jersey), Volatile organic compounds.
PB90-153743/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Ordnance Works Disposal Areas, Morgantown,
WV. (First Remedial Action), September 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89,72p EPA/ROD/R03-89/082
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Ordinance Works Disposal Areas site is on the
west bank of the Monangahela River in Morgantown,
Monongolia County, West Virginia. Several chemical
facilities have operated at the site since the early
1940s, producing substances such as hexamlne, am-
monia, methyl alcohol, formaldehyde, ethylene dia-
mine and coke. The operable unit addresses onsite
contamination found in the following areas: an inactive
landfill where solid and chemical wastes were dis-
posed of; a scraped area which consists of bare soil
adjacent to the landfill where solid wastes were buried;
two former lagoon areas which were closed following a
cleanup action in 1976; and several streams located in
the southern portion of the site. The selected remedial
action for the site includes excavation and onsite treat-
ment of approximately 425 cubic yards of inorganic
contaminated soil from hot spots in the scraped area
and lagoon area using solidification, followed by place-
ment of the treated soil in the landfill before capping;
installing a multimedia RCRA Subtitle C cap on the
landfill and regarding and revegetation; excavating ap-
proximately 13,460 cubic yards of organic-contaminat-
ed soil and sediment from the lagoon area, scraped
area, and streams, with onsite treatment by bioreme-
diation in a treatment bed; ground water, surface
water, and sediment monitoring; and implementing
deed restrictions to prohibit residential and industrial
construction at the site.
tion, Public health, Aromatic polycyciic hydrocarbons,
Cost analysis, Solid waste disposal, "Superfund pro-
gram, "Remedial actions, Heavy metals,
Morgantown(West Virginia), Soil contamination, Liquid
waste disposal.
PB90-153750/HSU	PC A12/MF A02
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1):
Norwood PCB's, Norwood, MA. (First Remedial
Action), September 1989. Final rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep89, 274p EPA/ROD/RQ1-89/043
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The 26-acre Norwood PCBs site consists of several in-
dustrial and commercial properties, parking areas, and
vacant lots in Norwood, Norfolk County, Massachu-
setts. Site contamination originated from disposal
practices of previous businesses, primarily electrical
equipment manufacturing, that operated from the
building now owned by Grant Gear Realty Trust. In
April 1983 the State responded to a citizen report of
previous industrial waste dumping at the site and took
surficial soil and sediment samples which confirmed
PCB contamination. In June 1983 EPA moved 500
tons of PCB-contaminated soil from the office park
complex and Grant Gear properties and disposed of it
offsite. The State implemented an Interim Remedial
Measure in 1986 to limit access to areas with high sur-
face contamination on the Grant Gear property by con-
structing a 1.5-acre cap. The primary contaminants of
concern affecting soil, sediment, ground water, and
building surfaces are VOCs including TCE and PCE;
other organics including PCBs, PAHs, and phenols;
and metals.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, Metals, Aro-
matic polycyciic hydrocarbons, Cost analysis, Water
pollution, Public health, Solid waste disposal, 'Super-
fund program, "Remedial actions,
Norwood(Massachusetts), Soil contamination, Volatile
organic compounds, Polyehlorobiphenyl compounds.
PB90-1S3768/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1):
Kellogg-Deering Well Field, Norwalk, CT. (Second
Remedial Action), September 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89,128p EPA/ROD/R01 -89/039
See also PB87-189866.
The Kellogg-Deering Well Field site is a 10-acre con-
taminated municipal well field in Norwalk, Fairfield
County, Connecticut, which includes adjacent source
areas that contribute to the well field contamination.
The city detected elevated TCE levels in the wells
during routine monitoring in 1975 and subsequently
shut down unacceptably contaminated wells until a
redwood slat treatment system was installed in 1981.
EPA conducted a remedial investigation between 1984
and 1986 leading to a 1986 Record of Decision (ROD)
which required the city to operate an air stripping unit.
EPA conducted a subsequent remedial investigation in
1987 which further defined the contaminated ground
water area. The primary contaminants of concern af-
fecting the soif and ground water are VOCs including
benzene, PCE, TCE, toluene, and xylenes.
Keywords: "Sites, "Hazardous materials, "Waste dis-
posal, Ground water, Monitoring, Contamination,
Waste treatment, Water wells, Organic compounds,
Toluene, Benzene, Xylenes, "Record of Decision, "Su-
perfund, Second Remedial Action, Fairfield
County(Connecticut), Air stripping.
PB90-153867/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Simulation of High Altitude Effects on Heavy-Duty
Diesel Emissions. Final rept. 31 Oct 88-30 Sep 89.
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
D. M, Human, and T. L. Ullman. Sep 89,94p EPA/460/
3-89/003
Contract EPA-68-03-4044
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor,
Ml. Emission Control Technology Div.
rado Department of Health sponsored the project to
characterize regulated and selected unregulated emis-
sions from a naturally-aspirated Caterpillar 3208 and a
turbocharged Cummins NTC-350 diesel engine at both
'low' and simulated 'high' altitude conditions (about
6000 ft). Emissions testing was performed over cold-
and hot-start transient cycles as welt as selected
steady-state modes. Additionally, the turbocharged
engine was operated with mechanically variable and
fixed retarded fuel injection timing to represent
'normal' and 'malfunction' conditions, respectively.
High altitude operation generally reduced NOx emis-
sions approximately 10% tor both engines. Average
composite transient emissions of HC, CO, particulate
matter, and aldehydes measured at high altitude for
the naturally-aspirated engine were 2 to 4 times the
levels noted for low altitude conditions. The same
emission constituents from the turbocharged engine at
high altitude with 'normal' timing were 1.2 to 2 times
the low altitude levels, but were 2 to 4 times the tow al-
titude levels with 'malfunction' timing.
Keywords: "Diesel engines, "Exhaust emissions, Test
chambers, Experimental design, Aldehydes, Nitrogen
oxides, Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Particles,
Quality assurance, Tables(Data), Fuel injection,
Concentratlon(Composition), "Heavy duty vehicles,
"High altitude environments, "Air pollution sampling,
Altitude tests.
construction at the site.
Keywords: "Earth fills "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous Exhaust emissions from heavy-duty diesdl engines op-
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, Water pollu- erating at high altitude are of concern. EPA and Colo-
PB90-15387S/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Management Review of the Superfund Program.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1989,186p*
Also available from Supt. of Docs. See also PB90-
153883.
Contents: A clear strategy for Superfund; Strengthen-
ing enforcement and maximizing responsible party
work at Superfund sites; Accelerating and improving
remedial action; Bringing innovative technologies to
bear on pollution at superfund sites to strengthen
remedy selection; An aggressive program of communi-
ty involvement; Management and administration: Free-
ing up the skills and tools to do the job; Accounting for
achievement: Communicating progress to the public.
Keywords: "Management, "Hazardous materials,
"Pollution control, Sites, Law enforcement, Improve-
ment, Project planning, Communities, Citizen participa-
tion, Publicity, Accounting, "Superfund program, Re-
medial action.
PB90-153883/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Management Review of the Superfund Program:
Implementation Plan.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
21 Sep 89,173p* EPA/540/8-89/009
Also available from Supt. of Docs. See also PB90-
153875.
The Superfund 90-Day Study set forth a comprehen-
sive long-term strategy for the Superfund Program.
The basic elements of the strategy are to: Control
acute threats immediately; Deal with the worst sites
and worst problems first; Carefully monitor and main-
tain sites over the long term; Emphasize enforcement
to induce private-party cleanup; Seek new technol-
ogies for more effective cleanup; Improve the efficien-
cy of program operations; and Encourage full partici-
pation by communities.
Keywords: "Management, "Hazardous materials,
"Pollution control, Implementation, Sites, Monitoring
Maintenance, Efficiency, Communities, Citizen pwtich
pation, Removal, Improvement, States(Umted States),
Remedial Action Projects, "Superfund Program.
Cleanup, Best Available Technology, *90 day study.
PB90-153891/H8U	PC A10/MF A02
Removal Cost Management Manual.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Apr 88,205p* OSWER DIRECTIVE-9360.0-02B
Also available from Supt. of Docs.Portions of this doc-.
ument are not fully legible.
The manual is designed to provide comprehensive
cost management procedures tor use by the Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) at removal actions
authorized under the Comprehensive Environmental
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA,
or Superfund). Specifically, the document should be
used by the On-Scene Coordinator (OSC) and other
on-site personnel designated by the OSC when per-
forming cost management activities at a Superfund re-
moval site.
Keywords: 'Management, 'Hazardous materials,
Manuals, Removal, Cost effectiveness, Cost analysis,
Sites, Policies, Personnel, Monitoring, Requirements,
Contract administration, Comprehensive Environmen-
tal Response, Compensation and Liability Act.
PB90-164618/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 208: MCPA.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Sep 89,12p EPA/540/FS-89/070
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet Is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred: Issuance or reissuance
of a registration standard; Issuance of each special
review document; Registration of a significantly
changed use pattern; Registration of a new chemical;
or An Immediate need for information to resolve con-
troversial issues relating to a specific chemical or use
pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Herbicides, 'Acetic acids,
Hazardous materials, Chemical properties, Regula-
tions, Toxicology, Ecology, Agricultural products, Ace-
tates, Esters, Toxic substances, 2-methyl-4-chloro-
phenoxy acetic acid, Path of pollutants, Chemical in-
formation fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings,
Acetic acid/2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy, CAS 94-74-6.
PB90-164782/H8U	PC A11/MF A02
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
VkMland Chemical, Cumberland County, NJ. (First
Remedial Action), September 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
28 Sep 89.229p EPA/ROD/R02-89/084
The Vineland Chemical site is in Vineland, Cumberland
County. New Jersey. The site is in a residential/Indus-
trial area and borders the Blackwater Branch stream a
tributary to the Maurice River, which ultimately flows
into Union Lake. The Vineland facility consists of sev-
gfti herbicide manufacturing and storage facilities, a
wastewater treatment facility, and several lagoons.
The facility produces approximately 1,107 tons of her-
bicide waste by-product salts, EPA hazardous waste
number K 031, each year which were stored onsite in
uncontrolled piles on the soil, in the unlined lagoons,
and in abandoned chicken coops. The site has been
derided into four discrete operable units to facilitate re-
mediation. The selected remedial actions for the site
will be implemented in four discrete operable units
/OUs). OU 1, the plant site source control, will include
in situ flushing of 126,000 cubic yards of arsenic-con-
taminated soil; decontaminating onsite storage build-
ings (chicken coops); and closing two impoundments
followed by offsite treatment and disposal of the
wastewater and sludge.
Keywords: 'Sites, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste dis-
posal. Ground water, Monitoring, Contamination,
Mute treatment, Water wells, Organic compounds,
piuahing, Arsenic, Waste treatment, Sludge, Recovery,
Record of Decision, 'Superfund, First Remedial
Action, Vineland(New Jersey), Cumberland(New
Jersey).
PB90-184790/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Suoarfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1):
geeo Tannery Waste Pits, ME. (First Remedial
Action), September 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
27 Sep 89,128p EPA/ROD/R01 -89/041
The Saco Tannery Pits site is in Saco, Maine, approxi-
mately 15 miles southwest of Portland. Maine. The
233-acre site is in a rural area which includes forests
and wetlands, snd lies within the 100-year floodplain of
Stuart Brook. Between 1959 and the early 1980s a
leather tannery operator used the site to dispose of
orocess wastes in two 2-acre lagoons and 53 smaller
jjLp/sMi pits. EPA and State investigations in the early
1980s led to a removal response action which included
pumping liquids from three waste pits and neutralizing
the remaining sludge from the pits. This Record of De-
cision addresses both source control and ground
water remediation. The selected remedial action is
contingent upon the State enacting legislation within
two years designating the site as a permanent conser-
vation area. The remedy includes pumping and offsite
treatment and discharge of water from waste pits and
lagoons followed by covering and revegetating waste
pits.
Keywords: 'Sites, 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, Ground water, Monitoring, Contami-
nation, Waste treatment, Water wells, Organic com-
pounds, Legislation, Conservation, Pumping, Waste
treatment, Vegetation, Record of Decision, 'Super-
fund, Saco(Maine), First Remedial Action.
PB90-154832/HSU	PC E99/MF E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Municipal Waste Combustors-Background Infor-
mation for Proposed Standards.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Aug 89,1237p-in5v
Set includes PB90-154840 through PB90-154881.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
No abstract available.
PB90-154640/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Municipal Waste Combustors-Background Infor-
mation for Proposed Standards: Cost Procedures.
Volume 1. Final rept.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
14 Aug 89,156p EPA/450/3-89/27A
Contract EPA-68-02-4378
See also Volume 2, PB90-154857. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-154832.
Cost Procedures for the costing of new and existing
municipal waste combustor facilities and associated
equipment are presented. Cost procedures are devel-
oped for combustors, heat recovery equipment, hu-
midification equipment, air pollution control devices for
the reduction of particulate matter and acid gas emis-
sions, and continuous emission monitoring equipment.
Costs in the report are divided into capital costs, oper-
ating and maintenance costs, and annualized costs.
Costs associated with retrofitting existing facilities are
also presented.
Keywords: 'Cost analysis, 'Combustion chambers,
'Municipalities, 'Air poliution control, Equipment, Heat
recovery, Humidity control, Capitalized costs. Gases,
Acidity, Monitoring, Particulates, Retrofitting.
PBS0-154857/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Municipal Waste Combustors-Background Infor-
mation for Proposed Standards: 111(b) Model
Plant Description and Cost Report Volume 2.
Final rept.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
14 Aug 89,130p EPA/450/3-89/27B
Contract EPA-68-02-4378
See also Volume 1, PB90-154840 and Volume 3,
PB90-154865. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-154832.
Twelve model plants are developed to represent the
projected municipal waste combustor (MWC) industry.
The model plants selected represent new MWC's ex-
pected to be constructed in the United States between
1990 and 1994. The model plants differ with respect to
unit size and design, waste feed characteristics, heat
recovery method, and flue gas emissions. The model
plants provide a basis for estimating emission reduc-
tions, costs, and other impacts for various control al-
ternatives. Information is provided on capital and oper-
ating and maintenance (O&M) costs of the model
plants and control equipment.
Keywords: 'Combustion chambers, 'Municipalities,
'Air pollution control, Construction, Standards, Cost
analysis, Design, Heat recovery, Flue gases, Environ-
mental impacts, Cost estimates, Control equipment.
PB90-154865/HSU	PC A14/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Municipal Waste Combustors-Background Infor-
mation for Proposed Standards: Post-Combustion
Technology Performance. Volume 3. Final rept.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
22 Sep 89,317p EPA/450/3-89/27C
Contract EPA-68-02-4378
See also Volume 2, PB90-154857 and Volume 4,
PB90-154873. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-154832.
The document evaluates the performance of various
air pollution control devices applied to new and exist-
ing municipal waste combustors (MWC's). The control
devices analyzed include electrostatic precipitators
(ESP's), furnace sorbent injection systems with ESP's,
moderate- and low-temperature duct sorbent injection
systems with ESP's, or fabric filters (FF's) and spray
dryers with ESP's or FF's. The removal capabilities for
each of these control devices are evaluated for partic-
ulate matter, metals (arsenic, cadmium, chromium,
lead, mercury, and nickel), chlorinated dibenzo-p-dtox-
ins and dibenzofurans, and acid gases, sulfur dioxide
and hydrogen chloride.
Keywords: "Combustion chambers, 'Municipalities,
'Air pollution control, Electrostatic precipitators, Fur-
naces, Injection, Filters, Spray drying, Metals, Herbi-
cides, Oxygen heterocyclic compounds, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Sulfur dioxide, Hydrogen chloride,
Furans, Dioxin.
PB90-154873/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Municipal Waste Combustors-Background Infor-
mation for Proposed Standards: Control of NOx
Emissions.Volume 4. Final rept.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
14 Aug 89,113p EPA/450/3-89/27D
Contract EPA-68-02-4378
See also Volume 3, PB90-154865 and Volume 5,
PB90-154881. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99/MF E 99,
PB90-154832.
The report characterizes nitrogen oxide (NO(sub x))
emissions from municipal waste combustors (MWC's)
and assesses the performance and costs associated
with controlling NO(sub x) emissions. Available data
on NO((sub x) emissions from MWC's are summarized.
Various control technologies for reducing NO(sub x)
emissions, both combustion modifications and add-on
controls, are reviewed. Performance data and oper-
ational experience for NO(sub x) controls which have
been applied to MWC's are presented. Cost algorithms
are developed for Thermal De(NO(sub x)), one of the
add-on control technologies that has been applied to
several new MWC's. The cost algorithms for Thermal
De(NO (sub x)) are used to estimate annualized
NO(sub x) control costs and cost-effectiveness values
for twelve model plants representative of new MWC's.
Keywords: 'Cost analysis, "Combustion chambers,
'Municipalities, 'Air pollution control, Standards, Nitro-
gen oxides, Performance evaluation, Operating costs,
Cost estimates, Cost effectiveness.
PB90-154881/HSU	PC A22/MF AOS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Municipal Waste Combustors-Background Infor-
mation for Proposed Quid (lines for Existing Fa-
cilities. Volume 5. Final rept.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
14 Aug 89,521 p DCN-89-239-003-46-14, EPA/450/3-
89/27E
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Contract EPA-68-02-4378
See also Volume 4, PB90-154873. Prepared in coop-
eration with Energy and Environmental Research
Corp., Durham, NC. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office of
Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Also available in set of 5 reports, PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-154832.
Major categories of existing municipal waste combus-
tor facilities are identified. Representative model
plants are identified and serve as the basis of the eval-
uations presented. The technical feasibility, environ-
mental benefits, and cost impacts of various retrofit
options are presented for each of the model plants.
Keywords: "Cost analysis, 'Combustion chambers,
'Municipalities, 'Air pollution control, Industrial plants,
Feasibility, Environmental surveys, Cost effectiveness,
Retrofitting.
PB90-154899/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Economic Impact of Air Pollutant Emission Guide-
lines for Existing Municipal Waste Combustors.
Final rept.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Center for Economics Research.
G. E. Morris, B. L. Jellicorse, K. B. Heller, P. T. Neely,
and T. H. Bingham. Aug 89,168p EPA/450/3-89/005
Contract EPA-68-D-80073
Errata sheet inserted. See also PB90-154907. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
plans to propose new air pollution emission Guidelines
for approximately 200 municipal waste combustors
(MWCs) in late 1989. The regulations will significantly
affect the cost of owning and operating these MWC
plants. Affected plants include both currently operating
plants and those plants under construction when regu-
lations are proposed in the Federal Register. The
report uses three economic scenarios to examine the
economic impact of the five regulatory alternatives
under most active consideration by EPA.
Keywords: 'Economic impact, 'Combustion cham-
bers, 'Municipalities, 'Air pollution, Cost analysis,
Regulations, Operating costs, Industrial plants. Waste
management.
PB90-1S4907/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Economic Impact of Air Pollutant Emission Stand-
ards for New Municipal Waste Combustors. Final
rept.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Center for Economics Research.
G. E. Morris, B. L. Jellicorse, K. B. Heller, P. T. Neely,
and T. H. Bingham. Aug 89,166p EPA/450/3-89/006
Contract EPA-68-D-80073
Errata sheet inserted. See also PB90-154899. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
plans to propose New Source Performance Standards
(NSPSs) for air emissions from new municipal waste
combustors (MWCs) in late 1989. Affected plants in-
clude all MWC plants that are placed under construc-
tion after regulations are proposed in the Federal Reg-
ister. The regulations will affect the number of plants
built and the combustion technology selected. The
regulations will also significantly affect the cost of
owning and operating these new plants. The report
uses three economic scenarios to examine the eco-
nomic impact of the five regulatory alternatives under
most active consideration by EPA.
Keywords: 'Economic impact, 'Combustion cham-
bers, 'Municipalities, Solid waste disposal, Local gov-
ernment, National government, State government,
Earth fills, Cost analysis, Social effect, Cost effective-
ness, Business, Reduction, Prices, Environmental im-
pacts, Recycling, Waste management.
PB90-154915/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Regulatory Impact Analysis of Air Pollutant Emis-
sion Standards and Guidelines for Municipal
Waste Combustors.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
J. Robson, B. Madariaga, and T. Walton. Oct 89,171 p
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), under
the authority of Clean Air Act 111 (b) and (d), proposes
to regulate air pollutant emissions from new and exist-
ing municipal waste combustors (MWCs). MWC emis-
sions cause, or contribute significantly to, air pollution
that endangers public health and welfare. The Stand-
ards and Guidelines require the reduction of emissions
to the air of organic compounds (principally dioxins
and furans), metals (cadmium, mercury, chromium,
lead, nickel, etc.), acid gases (sulfur dioxide, hydrogen
chloride, etc.), nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide.
The Standards identify these pollutants as MWC emis-
sions and nitrogen oxides. MWC emissions consist of
MWC organics, MWC metals, and MWC acid gases.
MWC emissions is the designated pollutant that trig-
gers application of 111(d); the Guidelines do not ad-
dress nitrogen oxides. Currently, EPA new source
review permitting directives to the states recommend
control of most of these pollutants at new, large
MWCs.
Keywords: 'Combustion chambers, 'Municipalities,
'Air pollution control, Regulations, History, Legislation,
Electrostatic precipitation, Nitrogen oxides, Economic
factors, State government, Locaf government.
PB90-154923/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Municipal Waste Combustion Assessment: Com-
bustion Control at New Facilities.
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Durham,
NC.
P. J. Schindler. Aug 89,70p EPA/600/8-89/057
Contract EPA-68-03-3365
See also PB90-154931. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The EPA has completed an assessment of emission
control performance and costs for add-on flue gas
cleaning alternatives, and the results have been pub-
lished in a technical support document as part of the
111 (b) emission standards development effort for new
municipal waste combustors (MWCs). Twelve model
plants were developed in the study to represent class-
es or groups of combustors in the new MWC popula-
tion that will be subject to the standards. Baseline
emission performance estimates were established for
each of the model plants. A number of add-on control
alternatives were applied to each model, and emission
reduction and cost estimates were made for each con-
trol alternative. The report provides data and support-
ing rationale used to establish the baseline emission
levels for each model plant.
Keywords: 'Combustion chambers, 'Municipalities,
'Air pollution control, Industrial plants, Models, Stand-
ards, Cost estimates, Carbon monoxide, Furans, Flue
gases, Heterocyclic compounds, Oxygen heterocyclic
compounds, Dioxins.
PB90-154931/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Municipal Waste Combustion Assessment: Com-
bustion Control at Existing Facilities.
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Durham,
NC.
P. J. Schindler. Aug 89,107p EPA/600/8-89/058
Contract EPA-68-03-3365
See also PB90-154923. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards (OAQPS) is developing emission standards and
guidelines for new and existing municipal waste com-
bustors (MWCs) under the authority of Sections 111 (b)
and 111(d) of the Clean Air Act (CAA). The EPA's
Office is providing support in developing the technical
basis for good combustion practice (GCP), which is in-
cluded as a regulatory alternative in the standards and
quidelines. The report provides the supporting data
and rationale used to establish baseline emission
levels for model plants that represent portions of the
existing population of MWCs. The baseline emissions
were developed using the existing MWC data base or,
in cases where no data existed, engineering judge-
ment. The baseline emmissions represent perform-
ance levels against which the effectiveness and costs
of emission control alternatives can be evaluated. The
report provides the rationale used to estimate the
emission reductions associated with each combustion
retrofit.
Keywords: 'Combustion chambers, 'Municipalities,
'Air pollution control, Standards, Reduction, Perform-
ance evaluation, Effectiveness, Retrofitting, Clean Air
Act, Guidelines, Baseline studies, Emission levels.
PB90-154949/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Laib.
Municipal Waste Combustion Assessment Tech-
nical Basis for Good Combustion Practice.
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Durham,
NC.
P. J. Schindler, and L. P. Nelson. Aug 89,108p EPA/
600/8-89/063
Contract EPA-68-03-3365
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The EPA's Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards (OAQPS) is developing emission standards and
guidelines for, respectively, new and existing MWCs
under the authority of sections 111(b) and 111(d) of
the Clean Air Act (CAA). The EPA's Office of Research
and Development (ORD) is providing support in devel-
oping the technical basis for good combustion practice
(GCP), which is included in the regulatory alternatives
considered in selecting the proposed standards and
guidelines. The report defines GCP and summarizes
the approach used to implement GCP into the pro-
posed MWC standards and guidelines.
Keywords: 'Combustion chambers, 'Municipalities
'Air pollution control, Standards, Regulations, Oper-
ations, Monitoring, Toxicity, Temperature.
PB90-155557/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Model of Turbulent Diffusion Flames and Nltilc
Oxide Generation.
TRW Space and Technology Group, Redondo Beach,
CA.
J. E. Broadwell, T, J. Tyson, and C. J. Kau. Jan 90,53o
EPA/600/7-90/003	H
Contract EPA-68-02-3633
Prepared In cooperation with Energy and Environmen-
tal Research Corp., Irvine, CA. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
A new view is described of mixing and chemical reac-
tions in turbulent fuel jets discharging into air. Review
of available fundamental data from jet flames lewis to
the idea that mixing begins with a large scale, inviscid
intertwining of entrained air and fuel throughout the Jet
Significant molecular mixing is delayed until the endof
a cascade to the Kolmoaorov scale. A simple mathe-
matical model incorporating these ideas is presented
The model predicts a Reynolds number dependence
for the nitric oxide formation rate that is in good agree-
ment with measurements in both methane and hydro-
gen jets burning in air. These mathematical model con-
cepts have been incorporated into a simplified com-
puter program capable of treating the detailed chemi-
cal kinetics of a gas flame. The model has been used
to predict NO formation in H2/air and CH4/air flames
and results compare favorably with experimental data.
Keywords: 'Diffusion flames, 'Turbulence, 'Nitrogen
oxide(NO), 'Mixing, Combustion, Combustion prod
ucts, Mathematicaf models, Flame propagation, Reac-
tion kinetics, Chemical reactions, Experimental data.
PB90-1SS56S/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trianole
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure X*.
sessment Lab.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Laboratory and Field Evaluations of Methodology
for Measuring Emissions of Chlorinated Solvents
from Stationary Sources. Project rept.
Entropy Environmentalists, Inc., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
A. C. Carver, W. G. DeWees, and E. A. Coppedge. Feb
90,91 p EPA/600/3-90/009
Contract EPA-68-02-4442
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
Several chlorinated solvents are being evaluated for
future emission regulations by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA). Many state and local agen-
cies already regulate chlorinated solvents. Therefore,
measurement methodologies for these compounds
should be investigated. Entropy was commissioned by
the Quality Assurance Division of EPA's Atmospheric
Research and Exposure Assessment Laboratory to
perform laboratory and field studies to evaluate sam-
pling and analytical techniques for the measurement of
carbon tetrachloride (CCI4), chloroform (CHCI3),
perchloroethylene (PERC), and trichloroethylene
(TOE) emissions from stationary sources. The studies
were conducted in two phases: preliminary work and
field studies evaluating EPA Method 18 when applied
to the emissions of PERC from degreasing facilities
and laboratory and field studies evaluating modified
EPA Method 18 sampling procedures for collection of
all four chlorinated solvents under high temperature
and high moisture conditions.
Keywords: 'Chlorine aliphatic compounds, 'Solvents,
•Cnemical analysis, Experimental design, Field tests,
State government, Local government, Emission spec-
troscopy, Carbon tetrachloride, Chloroform, Vinyl chlo-
ride, Quality assurance, Quality control, Gas chroma-
tography, "Air pollution detection, *Air pollution sam-
pling, 'Stationary sources, Pollution regulations, EPA
method 18, Ethylene/trichloro, Flame ionization.
PB90-1S6S73/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Characterization of Population and Usage of Un-
vented Kerosene Space Heaters. Final rept. May
88-Jan 89.
Applied Management Sciences, Inc., Oak Ridge, TN.
J Barnes, P. Holland, and P. Mihlmester. Jan 90,75p"
EPA/600/7-90/004
Contract EPA-68-02-4284
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of a study of the market pene-
tration of unvented kerosene space heaters (UKSHs)
In the residential sector. The study was aimed at gath-
ering baseline information to help assess the magni-
tude and potential severity of a problem involving
emissions from unvented appliances, one of a number
of synergistic factors affecting indoor air quality.
UKSHs can be a significant source of such emissions.
UKSH usage patterns were also investigated. Annual
sales of UKSHs are estimated at 825,000 units. Lead-
ing brands include convective units marketed by Toyo-
tomi USA (kero-Sun) and Corona USA. Some units
contain built-in catalytic filters for odor control. Add-on
catalytic filters are available from at least one manu-
facturer. It is believed that 15-17 million portable
UKSHs have been sold in the U.S. since the early
1970s. However, it is estimated that, in the 1986-87
heating season, there were only about 7 million units in
use. About half of these units are in the South. De-
pending on whether UKSHs are used as primary or
secondary heating sources, they may be used any-
where from 1 to 17 hours a day. Eighty percent of
UKSHs are used in multi-family dwellings and mobile
homes.
Keywords: 'Space heaters, 'Kerosene, 'Exhaust
gases, 'Air pollution abatement, Combustion, Com-
bustion products, Marketing, Buildings, Ventilation,
'Indoor air pollution, 'Air quality, US EPA.
PB90-165S81/HSU	PC A13/MF A02
Risk Assessment Guidance lor Supsrfund.
Volume 1. Human Health Evaluation Manual. Part
A.	Interim rept. (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
B.	Means. Dec 89,290p EPA/540/1-89/002
See also Volume 2, PB90-155599.
The document is part of a two-manual set entitled
'Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund.' One
manual, the 'Environmental Evaluation Manual,' pro-
vides guidance for ecological assessment at Super-
fund sites; the other, the 'Human Health Evaluation
Manual,' provides guidance for health risk assessment
of these sites. The 'Risk Assessment Guidance for Su-
perfund' manuals were developed to be used during
the Removal and Remedial Investigation/Feasibility
Study (RI/FS) processes at Superfund sites. The ana-
lytical framework and specific methods described in
the manuals, however, may also be applicable to eval-
uations of hazardous wastes and hazardous materials
for other purposes. The two manuals in the set have
somewhat different target audiences. The 'Environ-
mental Evaluation Manual' primarily addresses Reme-
dial Project Managers (RPMs and On-Scene Coordina-
tors (OSCs)), who are responsible for ensuring a thor-
ough evaluation of potential environmental effects at
sites. The 'Human Health Evaluation Manual' provides
for the risk assessor - Updated procedures and poli-
cies, specific equations and variable values for esti-
mating exposure, and a hierarchy of toxicity data
sources.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Public health, Regulations,
Quantitative analysis, Manuals, Exposure, Pollution, Ir-
radiation, Guidelines, 'Risk assessment, 'Superfund
program, Radiation-induced neoplasms, Environmen-
tal exposure pathway, Toxic substances, Dose-re-
sponse relationships, Carcinogenicity tests, Biological
radiation effects.
PB90-1555S9/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund.
Volume 2. Environmental Evaluation Manual. Inter-
im rept. (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
P. Mundy, and J. Bascietto. Mar 89,63p EPA/540/1-
89/001
See also Volume 1, PB90-155581.
The document is part of a two-manual set entitled
'Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund.' One
manual, the 'Environmental Evaluation Manual,' pro-
vides guidance for ecological assessment at Super-
fund sites; the other, the 'Human Health Evaluation
Manual,' provides guidance for health risk assessment
of these sites. The 'Risk Assessment Guidance for Su-
perfund' manuals were developed to be used during
the Removal and Remedial investigation/Feasibility
Study (RI/FS) processes at Superfund sites. The ana-
lytical framework and specific methods described in
the manuals, however, may also be applicable to eval-
uations of hazardous wastes and hazardous materials
for other purposes. The two manuals in the set have
somewhat different target audiences. The 'Environ-
mental Evaluation Manual' primarily addresses Reme-
dial Project Managers (RPMs) and On-Scene Coordi-
nators (OSCs)), who are responsible for ensuring a
thorough evaluation of potential environmental effects
at sites. The 'Environmental Evaluation Manual' is not
a detailed 'how-to' type of guidance, and it does not
provide 'cookbook' approaches for evaluation.
Keywords: Site surveys, Public health, Manuals,
Guidelines, Data analysis, Contaminants, Pollution,
Food chain, Exposure, Ecology, 'Superfund program,
'Risk assessment, Toxic substances, Environmental
effects.
PB90-155607/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Handbook on In situ Treatment of Hazardous
Wsste-Contamlnated Soils. Rept. for May 88-Jui 89.
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
C. D. Chambers, J. Willis, S. Giti-Pour, J. L
Zieleniewski, and J. F. Rickabaugh. Jan 90,169p EPA/
540/2-90/002
Contract EPA-68-03-3413
Prepared in cooperation with Cincinnati Univ., OH.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The handbook is intended to assemble state-of-the-art
information on in situ treatment technologies for haz-
ardous waste - contaminated soils. Extensive refer-
ences are provided for those who wish to seek more
detail on a given topic. The Risk Reduction Engineer-
ing Laboratory is continuing with its research on in situ
treatment to improve on technologies discussed in the
handbook and to explore new technologies.
Keywords: 'Soils, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treat-
ment, 'Reviews, Handbooks, Legislation, Soil stabili-
zation, Solidification, Degradation, Vaporizing, Photol-
ysis, Freezing, Cooling, Electrokinetics, Ultrasonics,
Soil flushing.
PB90-155615/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Predicting Subsurface Contaminant Transport
and Transformation; Considerations for Model
Selection and Field Validation. Final rept. Oct 87-
Jun 89.
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
J. Weaver, C. Enfield, S. Yates, D. Kreamer, and D.
White. Aug 89,67p EPA/600/2-89/045
Prepared in cooperation with California Univ., River-
side, Arizona State Univ., Tempe, and Tennessee
Univ., Knoxviile.
Predicting subsurface contaminant transport and
transformation requires mathematical models based
on a variety of physical, chemical, and biological proc-
esses. The mathematical model is an attempt to quan-
titatively describe observed processes in order to
permit systematic forecasting of cause and response
relationships. The mathematical models and the com-
puter codes which solve the differential equations are
approximations of the systems being described. The
validity of these approximations depends on the pur-
poses of the calculation. The report describes several
mass transport processes but does not attempt to de-
scribe transformation processes. The body of the
report focuses on considerations for model implemen-
tation and the validity of the implementation.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Environmental
surveys, Validity, Decision making, Performance eval-
uation, Water pollution, Waste disposal, Chemical
tests, Physical tests, Radioactive materials, Statistical
analysis. Probability theory, Chemical reactions, 'Envi-
ronmental transport, 'Path of pollutants, "Subsurface
environments, Site characterization, Biological ef-
fects, Pollution regulations, Land pollution.
PB90-155623/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Proximity of Connecticut Sanitary Landfills to
Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats: Statewide Re-
sults.
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Biomedi-
cal and Toxicolojjical Research and Hazardous Waste
Management.
V. W. Lambou, R. C. Hemdon, J. E. Moertins, and R. L
Gebhard. Nov 89,33p EPA/600/4-89/044A
Grant EPA-R-815139010
See also PB90-155631. Prepared in cooperation with
National Wetlands Inventory, St. Petersburg, FL.
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Sanitary landfills can cause considerable harm to sen-
sitive ecosystems if they are not properly located, de-
signed, and managed. The purpose of the reports are
to summarize the proximity of sanitary landfills in Con-
necticut to wetlands and deepwater habitats (i.e.,
rivers, lakes, streams, bays, etc.) and present data on
the individual landfills. The sanitary landfills were iden-
tified on U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Wet-
lands Inventory maps. Most sanitary landfills in Con-
necticut are located in or are close to either wetlands
or deepwater habitats. These facilities have the poten-
tial to adversely affect sensitive ecosystems, such as
wetlands and deepwater habitats, either through habi-
tat alterations or through the migration of contami-
nants from sanitary landfills.
Keywords: 'Connecticut, 'Earth fills, 'Sanitary engi-
neering, 'Water pollution, Rivers, Streams, Deep
water, Sites, Regulations, Maps, Graphs(Charts),
'Wetlands, Ecosystems.
PBM-155631/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Proximity of Connecticut Sanitary LandfiHa to
Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats: Data on Indi-
vidual Landfills.
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Biomedi-
cal and Toxicological Research and Hazardous Waste
Management.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
V. W. Lambou, R. C. Herndon, J. E. Moerlins, and R. L.
Bebhard. Nov 89,29p EPA/600/4-89/044B
Grant EPA-R-815139010
See also PB90-155623. Prepared in cooperation with
National Wetlands Inventory, St. Petersburg, FL.
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Sanitary landfills can cause considerable harm to sen-
sitive ecosystems if they are not properly located, de-
signed, and managed. The purpose of the report is to
document the proximity of sanitary landfills included in
the study in Connecticut to wetlands and deepwater
habitats {i.e., rivers, lakes, streams, bays, etc.). The
sanitary landfills were identified on U.S. Fish and Wild-
life Service's National Wetlands Inventory maps. A
companion report summarizes the statewide results.
These facilities have the potential to adversely affect
sensitive ecosystems, such as wetlands and deepwa-
ter habitats, either through habitat alterations or
through the migration of contaminants from sanitary
landfills.
Keywords: 'Connecticut, 'Earth fills, 'Sanitary engi-
neering, 'Water pollution, Rivers, Streams, Deep
water, Sites, Regulations, Maps, Ecosystems, 'Wet-
lands, Listings.
PB90-155649/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Proximity of New York Sanitary Landfills to Wet-
lands and Deepwater Habitats: Statewide Results.
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Biomedi-
cal and Toxicological Research and Hazardous Waste
Management.
J. E. Moerlins, R. C. Herndon, V. W. Lambou, and R. L.
Gebhard. Dec 89,33p EPA/600/4-89/046A
Grant EPA-R-815139010
See also PB90-155656. Prepared in cooperation with
National Wetlands Inventory, St. Petersburg, FL.
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Sanitary landfills can cause considerable harm to sen-
sitive ecosystems it they are not properly located, de-
signed, and managed. The purpose of the reports are
to summarize the proximity of sanitary landfills in New
York to wetlands and deepwater habitats (i.e., rivers,
lakes, streams, bays, etc.) and present data on the in-
dividual landfills. The sanitary landfills were identified
on U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Wetlands
Inventory maps. The nearness or proximity of the sani-
tary landfills to wetlands and deepwater habitats was
determined by drawing three concentric regions
around the point representing the location of each
landfill. These facilities have the potential to adversely
affect sensitive ecosystems, such as wetlands and
deepwater habitats, either through habitat alterations
or through the migration of contaminants from sanitary
landfills.
Keywords: 'New York, 'Earth fills, 'Sanitary engineer-
ing, 'Waste disposal, Rivers, Streams, Deep water,
Maps, Sites, Regulations, Graphs(Charts), 'Wetlands,
Ecosystems, Habitats, Path of pollutants.
PB90-155656/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Proximity of New York Sanitary Landfills to Wet-
lands and Deepwater Habitats: Data on Individual
Landfill*.
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Biomedi-
cal and Toxicological Research and Hazardous Waste
Management.
J. E. Moerlins, R. C. Herndon, V. W. Lambou, and R. L.
Gebhard. Dec 89,59p EPA/600/4-89/046B
Grant EPA-R-815139010
See also PB90-155649. Prepared in cooperation with
National Wetlands Inventory, St. Petersburg, FL.
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Sanitary landfills can cause considerable harm to sen-
sitive ecosystems if they are not properly located, de-
signed, and managed. The purpose of the report is to
document the proximity of sanitary landfills included in
the study in New York to wetlands and deepwater
habitats (i.e., rivers, lakes, streams, bays, etc.). The
sanitary landfills were identified on U.S. Fish and Wild-
life Service's National Wetlands Inventory maps. The
nearness or proximity of the sanitary landfills to wet-
lands and deepwater habitats was determined by
drawing three concentric regions around the point rep-
resenting the location of each landfill. A companion
report summarizes the statewide results. These facili-
ties have the potential to adversely affect sensitive
ecosystems, such as wetlands and deepwater habi-
tats, either through habitat alterations or through the
migration of contaminants from sanitary landfills.
Keywords: "New York, "Earth fills, "Sanitary engineer-
ing, 'Waste disposal, Rivers, Lakes, Streams,
Bays(Topographic features), Maps, Sites, Regulations,
'Wetlands, Habitats, 'Case studies.
PB90-155664/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Low NOx Strategy for Combusting High Nitrogen
Content Fuels. Final rept. Nov 84-Jul 87.
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC. Environ-
mental Systems Div.
R. K. Srivastava. Jan 90,72p EPA/600/7-90/002
Contract EPA-68-02-3988
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lao.
The report gives results of an evaluation of a multis-
taged combustion burner (designed for in-furnace NOx
control and high combustion efficiency) for high nitro-
gen content fuel and waste incineration application in
a 1.0 MW package boiler simulator. A low NOx pre-
combustion chamber burner has been reduced in size
by about a factor of two (from 600 to 250 ms first-stage
residence time) and coupled with air staging, resulting
in a three-stage configuration, and natural gas fuel
staging, yielding up to four stoichiometric zones. Natu-
ral gas, doped with ammonia to yield a 5.8% fuel nitro-
gen content, and distillate fuel oil, doped with pyridine
to yield a 2.0% fuel nitrogen content, were used to sim-
ulate high nitrogen content fuel/waste mixtures. Under
the conditions tested, net chemical destruction of NO
via reburning does not seem to be evident. This may
be due to the existence of rather low primary NO con-
centrations before the application of reburning. How-
ever, a beneficial dilution caused by reburning may
provide lower NO emissions.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Nitrogen oxides,
"Waste disposal, "Fuels, 'Combustion chambers,
"Burners, Combustion efficiency, Boilers, Quality con-
trol, Performance evaluation, Design criteria, Pilot
plants, Natural gas, "Cocombustion, 'Staged combus-
tion, 'Incineration, 'Lowest achievable emission rate.
PB90-155672/HSU	PC E99/MF E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Field Evaluation of Low-Emission Coal Burner
Technology on Utility Boilers.
Energyand Environmental Besearch Corp., Irvine, CA.
Dec 89,1191p-in5v*
Set includes PB90-155680 through PB90-155722. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Babcock and Wilcox Co.,
Barberton, OH. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
No abstract available.
PB90-155680/HSU	PC A09/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Field Evaluation of Low-Emission Coal Burner
Technology on Utility Boilers. Volume 1. Distribut-
ed Mixing Burner Evaluation. Final rept. Sep 78-Jun
86.
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
A. R. Abele, G. S. Kindt, R. Payne, and P. W.
Waanders. Dec 89,198p* EPA-600/7-89/015A
Contract EPA-68-02-3130
See also Volume 2, PB90-155698. Prepared in coop-
eration with Babcock and Wilcox Co., Barberton, OH.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Rososrch Lflu
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-155672.
The report gives results of a study in which NOx emis-
sions and general combustion performance character-
istics of four burners were evaluated under experimen-
tal furnace conditions. Of primary interest was the per-
formance of a low-NOx Distributed Mixing burner
(DMB), which was tested in a nominal full-scale (120
million Btu/hr or 35MW) version and in a correspond-
ing half-scale version. Performance was compared
against a half-scale commercial low-NOx Dual Regis-
ter burner (DRB) and a 120 million Btu/hr commercial
Circular burner. The report documents the perform-
ance of each burner type over a wide range of firing
conditions and for different bituminous and subbitu-
minous coals. Additional test program goals were to
provide information relating to the effects of burner
design, burner scale, and thermal environment on NOx
emission performance. Full- and half-scale DMB per-
formance was compared under equivalent thermal
conditions; the DMB was tested under two levels of
furnace insulation; results from the DRB and Circular
burner were compared to field data from two utility boil-
ers operating with corresponding burner designs and
coal types. A burner zone heat liberation rate parame-
ter was used to compare the relative performance of
the different burners under the various firing condi-
tions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
"Burners, "Boilers, "Combustion products, Combus-
tion efficiency, Performance evaluation, Design crite-
ria, Comparison, Sorbents, Sulfur dioxide. Injection,
"Lowest achievable emission rate, "Coal fired power
plants, "Distributed mixing burners, Dual register burn-
ers, Circular burners.
PB90-15569B/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Field Evaluation of Low-Emission Coal Burner
Technology on Utility Boilers. Volume 2. Second
Generation Low-NOx Burners. Final rept. Sep 78-
Jun 86.
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
A. R. Abele, G. S. Kindt, R. Payne, and P. W.
Waanders. Dec 89,143p* EPA-600/7-89/015B
Contract EPA-68-02-3130
See also Volume 1, PB90-155680 and Volume 3,
PB90-155706. Prepared in cooperation with Babcock
and Wilcox Co., Barberton, OH. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Parti,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-155672.
The report describes tests to evaluate the perform-
ance characteristics of three Second Generation Low-
NOx burner designs: the Dual Register burner (DRB),
the Babcock-Hitachi NOx Reducing (HNR) burner, and
the XCL burner. The three represent a progression in
development based on the original Babcock and
Wilcox DRB. Of particular interest was the identifica-
tion of burner configurations which would be suitable
for application in the EPA LIMB (Limestone Injection
Multistage Burner) technology demonstration program
at Ohio Edison's Edgewater Station, Unit 4. The retrofit
requirements for this unit were used to establish
burner performance criteria. The testing was conduct-
ed with nominal full-scale burner designs, having a ca-
pacity of 78 million Btu/hr (22.0 MW). Each burner was
tested over a wide range of operating conditions and
hardware configurations, and with different coals.
However, the XCL burner was judged to have the best
overall performance and to meet all the Edgewater
boiler retrofit requirements. Additional brief tests were
conducted to evaluate the Impact of burner design on
S02 removal by injected sorbent materials.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Nitrogen oxides
"Burners, "Boilers, "Combustion products. Combust
tion efficiency, Design criteria, Performance evalua-
tion, Sulfur dioxide, Injection, Sorbents, Comparison
"Lowest achievable emission rate, "Coal fired power
plants, "Dual register burners, 'Hitachi nitrogen oxides
reducing burners, 'XCL burners, Limestone injection
multistage burners.
PB90-155708/HSU	PC A12/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab:
Field Evaluation of Low-Emission Coal Burner
Technology on Utility Boilers. Volume 3. nisM
Evaluations. Final rept. Sep 78-Jun 86.
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA
J. A. Reese, A. R. Abele, and P. W. Waanders. Deo 88'
253p* EPA/600/7-89/015C
Contract EPA-68-02-3130
See also Volume 2, PB90-155698 and Volume 4
PB90-155714.Portions of this document are not fully
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
legible. Prepared in cooperation with Babcock and
Wilcox Co., Barberton, OH. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-155672.
The report gives results of field tests conducted to de-
termine the emission characteristics of a Babcock and
Wilcox Circular Burner and Dual Register Burner
(DRB). The field tests were performed at two utility
boilers, generally comparable in design and size
except for the burner equipment. The Circular Burner
was evaluated at Unit 2 of the Colorado Public Serv-
ices Comanche Generating Station, and the DRB was
evaluated at Unit 1 of the Wyodak Generating Station
of the Pacific Power and Light Company and the Black
Hills Power and Light Company. Of particular interest
was the development of NOx emission correlations for
the performance of Circular burners and DRBs under
boiler conditions which could be used in interpreting in-
dividual burner tests in a subscale burner test facility.
The field tests were conducted with both boilers oper-
ating at nominal full-load conditions. During each test,
boiler performance and operating conditions were
monitored using plant equipment, while gaseous emis-
sions of NOx, 02, CO, S02, and C02 were continu-
ously monitored using a mobile test trailer.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
'Burners, 'Boilers, 'Combustion products, Field tests,
'Combustion products, Field tests, Performance eval-
uation, Combustion efficiency, Design criteria,
Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition), 'Lowest
achievable emission rate, 'Coal fired power plants,
•Circular burners, "Dual register burners, 'Air pollution
sampling.
PB90-155714/HSU	PC A12/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Field Evaluation of Low-Emission Coal Burner
Technology on Utility Boilers. Volume 4. Alterna-
tive Concepts for SOx, NOx, and Particulate Emls-
aions Control from a Fuel-Rich Precombustor.
Final rept. Sep 78-Jun 86.
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
j F LaFond, J. A. Cole, W. C. Li, E. C. Moller, and R.
p'ayne. Dec 89,255p* EPA/600/7-89/015D
Contract EPA-68-02-3130
See also Volume 3, PB90-155706 and Volume 5,
PB90-155722.Portions of this document are not fully
legible. Prepared in cooperation with Babcock and
Wilcox Co., Barberton, OH. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-155672.
The report gives results of a study of the use of pre-
oombustors for the simultaneous control of S02, NOx,
and ash emissions from coal combustion. In Phase 1,
exploratory testing was conducted on a small pilot
scale-293 kW (million Btu/hr)--pulverized-coal-fired
precombustor to identify critical operating parameters.
The results from this testing raised several questions
regarding the viability of controlling S02 emissions by
injecting calcium-based sorbent materials, under con-
ditions simultaneously conducive to NOx control, and
to the rejection of coal ash as a molten slag. In Phase
2, key elements of the sulfur capture process, under
tfie fuel-rich precombustor conditions necessary to
control NOx formation, were Investigated. Detailed ex-
perimental studies were conducted at bench and labo-
ratory scales to investigate the formation of stable sul-
fides in the entrained flow region of a precombustor,
using calcium-based sorbents; study the evolution of
sulfur from coal under entrained flow combustion con-
ditions; and Investigate the stability of sulfur species in
molten slag layers. Study results indicated that the sul-
fation reactions between CaO and H2S or COS are
fast and, under optimum conditions, can remove a high
fraction of the gas-phase sulfur species in a fuel-rich
precombustor.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Burners, 'Boilers,
•Combustion products, 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Sulfur diox-
ide 'Ashes, 'Combustion chambers. Particles, Per-
formance evaluation, Combustion efficiency, Sor-
bents, Injection, 'Lowest achievable emission rate,
•Coal fired power plants, 'Precombustors, Flue gas
desulfurization, Fuel control, Fuel-air ratio.
PB90-155722/HSU	PC A15/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Field Evaluation of Low-Emission Coal Burner
Technology on Utility Boilers. Volume 5. Burner
Evaluation Data Appendices. Final rept. Sep 78-Jun
86.
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Irvine, CA.
A. R. Abele, G. S. Kindt, and P. W. Waanders. Dec 89,
342p* EPA/600/7-89/015E
Contract EPA-68-02-3130
See also Volume 4, PB90-155714.Portions of this doc-
ument are not fully legible. Prepared in cooperation
with Babcock and Wilcox Co., Barberton, OH. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Re-
search Lab.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-155672.
The report gives a detailed summary of data which
were generated during the testing of experimental
burners on EPA's Large Watertube Simulator (LWS)
test facility. The test data are presented as a series of
appendices. Appendix A< describes the data quality as-
surance procedures which were used throughout the
various tests. Appendices B and C summarize all the
valid data obtained during the testing of the different
burners. These data are presented as computer gener-
ated lists of all relevant furnace input data and flue gas
measurements.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Burners, 'Boilers,
'Combustion products, 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Data proc-
essing, Field tests, Tables(Data), Quality control, Per-
formance evaluation, Flue gases, 'Lowest achievable
emission rate, 'Coal fired power plants, 'Air pollution
sampling.
PB90-156191/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Experimental Marine Microcosm Test Protocol
and Support Document. Measurement of the Eco-
logical Effects, Fate and Transport of Chemicals
in a Site-Specific Marine Ecosystem (Revised).
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
K. T. Perez, and E. W. Davey. Jan 90,45p* EPA/600/
9-90/002, ERLN-1104
See also PB83-230S54.
The Microcosm Test Protocol described is designed to
overcome many of the concerns associated with envi-
ronmental assessments based upon existing simple
(single species and processes) test systems. Specifi-
cally, undisturbed, natural pelagic and benthic commu-
nities are coupled within a single system whose physi-
cal (e.g., temperature, water turnover, water turbu-
lence, etc.) and chemical (e.g., salinity, oxygen, sedi-
ment pore water, etc.) conditions simulate those in the
natural system. The ability to simulate a natural eco-
system, demonstrated by comparing the experimental
controls to the field, provides data that are far more ap-
plicable to predictive environmental and ecological as-
sessments than those derived from more simple tests.
Keywords: 'Marine biology, 'Tests, Experimental
design, Environmental impact, 'Water pollution
effects^Animals), 'Toxic substances, 'Aquatic ecosys-
tems, Species diversity, Environmental fate. Environ-
mental transport.
PB90-156209/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Interferences Mechanisms In Waste Stabilization/
Solidification Processes.
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS. Environmental Lab.
L. W. Jones. Jan 90,121 p EPA/600/2-89/067
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The stabilization/solidification of hazardous wastes in-
volves a series of chemical treatment procedures. The
waste is normally treated so as to complex or bind the
contaminants into a stable, insoluble form (stabiliza-
tion), or to entrap the waste material in a solid and/or
crystalline matrix (solidification). Hazardous wastes
contain many constituents that could interfere with the
binding process. The project is concerned with identi-
fying possible interference mechanisms between par-
ticular waste components and commercially available
waste-binding systems. The report presents a litera-
ture review and information concerning Portland
cement and pozzolan chemistry, the effects of added
constituents (admixtures) on their setting characteris-
tics, and the effects of typical organic waste compo-
nents on the physical and containment properties of
the treated waste product. The topics are presented so
that conclusions may be drawn as to possible types of
interference materials that might be encountered in
typical waste/binder systems.
Keywords: 'Solidification, 'Stabilization, 'Waste treat-
ment, Hazardous materials, Tables(Data), Pozzolans,
Organic wastes, Durability, Permeability, Admixtures,
'Interference, Binders.
PB90-156225/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Technologies of Delivery or Recovery for the Re-
mediation of Hazardous Waste Sites.
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Dept. of Civil and Environmental
Engineering.
L. Murdoch, B. Patterson, G. Losonsky, and W. Harrar.
Jan 90,105p* EPA/600/2-89/066
Contract EPA-68-03-3379
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
Techniques to recover contaminants or deliver treating
material at contaminated sites are described in the
report. Few of the 17 described delivery or recovery
techniques are in use today. New technologies, used
in other industries such as petroleum extraction or
mining, show promise for remediation of contaminated
sites, but require investigation to affirmation of their
suitability for in-situ remediation. The following 17
technologies are described: Colloidal gas aphrons; Hy-
draulic fracturing; Radial drilling; Ultrasonic methods;
Kerfing; Electro-kinetics; Jet slunying; C02 Injection;
Polymer injection; Vapor extraction; Steam stripping;
Hot brine injection; In-situ combustion; Radio frequen-
cy heating; Cyclic pumping; Soil flushing; Ground
freezing. Each description of a technology includes an
explanation of the basic processes involved, the opti-
mal site conditions for use, the current status of re-
search, the personnel currently involved in research,
and a list of references.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
Sites, Recovery, Hydraulic equipment, Fracturing, Ul-
trasonics, Electrokinetics, Carbon dioxide, Polymers,
Injection, Soils, Flushing, Combustion, Radiofrequency
heating, Remediation in-situ. Colloidal gas aphrons,
Kerfing, Steam stripping.
PB90-156233/HSU	PC A13/MF A02
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Exposure Assessment Component of the Field
Verification Program: Overview and Data Presen-
tation.
Science Applications International Corp., Narragan-
sett, Rl.
W. R. Munns, J. F. Paul, V. J. Bierman, W. R. Davis,
and W. B. Galloway. Jun 89,278p EPA/600/6-89/003,
, ERLN-751
Contract EPA-68-03-3529
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Narra-
gansett, Rl.
The exposure assessment component of the aquatic
portion of the Field Verification Program (FVP) related
the source input of dredged material contaminants to
corresponding concentration distributions in space
and time in the vicinity of the disposal mound. The spe-
cific objectives for this component were to provide a
description of the environmental exposure field at bio-
logical effects measurement stations in the water
column (pelagic zone), in the sediments (benthic
zone), and at the near-bottom/ sediment-water inter-
face (epibenthic zone); 10 relate the source (dredge
disposal mound) to near-field exposure measurements
using process models for the vertical transport of con-
taminants and particulate materials; and to determine
the environmental processes controlling contaminant
phase partitioning. The report provides an overview of
the exposure assessment component of the aquatic
portion of the FVP, and describes the methods used
and results obtained from activities directed towards
the first objective.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Sediments, 'Water pol-
lution, Exposure, Physical tests, Chemical tests,
Metals, Quality assurance, Quality control, Organic
compounds. Trace elements, 'Dredge spoil, 'Field
Verification Program, 'Risk assessment, 'Ocean dis-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
posal, 'Environmental effects, Comprehensive plan-
ning, Environmental transport, Biological effects, Sedi-
ment-water interfaces.
PB90-157751/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 7):
Hastings Groundwater, Hasting, NE. (First Reme-
dial Action), September 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
26 Sep 89,33p EPA/ROD/R07-89/029
The Hastings Ground Water Contamination site is a
contaminated aquifer in the vicinity of the City of Hast-
ings, Adams County, Nebraska. The site consists of
several source areas, referred to as subsites, contami-
nated with various chlorinated volatile industrial chemi-
cals. The Record of Decision addresses the Well
Number 3 subsite which consists of a ground water
plume contaminated with carbon tetrachloride ema-
nating from a former grain storage facility. The State
first identified volatile organic contamination in Well
Number 3 in 1983. Between 1986 and 1989 EPA con-
ducted a field investigation which identified the grain
storage area as the source o1 ground water contami-
nation probably resulting from accidental spills of liquid
fumigants used during grain storage, this interim
source control operable unit was developed to reduce
the migration and volume of volatile contaminants
present in the soil. The primary contaminants of con-
cern in the soil which impact the ground water are
VOCs including carbon tetrachloride and chloroform.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, "Site surveys, 'Hazard-
ous materials, 'Industrial wastes, Cost analysis, Public
health, Tables(Data), Fumigation, Carbon tetrachlo-
ride, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial actions, Volatile
organic compounds, Hastings(Nebraska), Soil con-
tamination.
PBB0-157835/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Adrian Municipal Well Field, MN. (First Remedial
Action), September 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Sep 89,38p EPA/ROD/R05-89/104
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Adrian Municipal Well Field site is in Adrian,
Nobles County, Minnesota, a city which relies solely on
ground water for its municipal water supply. In 1983
the State detected VOC contamination in two of the six
wells at the site, and by 1985 the city had replaced the
VOC-contaminated wells with two new wells. Subse-
quent ground water sampling indicated that petroleum
releases from underground storage tanks (UST) are
sources for soil and ground water contamination. Al-
though ground water contaminant concentrations
exceed Federal and State drinking water and surface
water standards, no further action will be taken by the
Superfund program because the program does not
have the authority to address clean up of petroleum re-
leases. EPA will, however, formally transfer the site to
its UST program in October 1989 for further action.
There are no costs associated with this remedial
action.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, Water pollu-
tion, Public health, Lead(Metal), Benzenes, Petroleum
products, "Superfund program, 'Remedial actions,
Soil contamination, volatile organic compounds,
Adrian(Minnesota).
PB90-157850/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 7):
Kem-Pest Laboratories, MO. (First Remedial
Action), September 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89, 81 p EPA/ROD/R07-89/031
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Kem-Pest Laboratories site is a former pesticide
manufacturing facility approximately 3 miles northeast
of Cape Girardeau, Cape Girardeau County, Missouri.
The 6-acre site is in a rural area devoted primarily to
agricultural activities. Contamination at the site result-
ed from the manufacturing of pesticide products from
1965 until 1977. Production activities took place in an
onsite concrete block formulation building. Sewage
and plant wastes were disposed of in an onsite lagoon
which was backfilled with clay in 1981. EPA investiga-
tions beginning in 1981 have identified pesticide and
volatile and semi-volatile organic contamination in soil,
sediment in drainage channels, and in groundwater.
This operable unit addresses contaminated soil and
sediment. Future operable units will address ground-
water and the formulation building. The primary con-
taminants of concern affecting the soil and sediment
are VOCs including xylenes, other organics including
organochlorine and pesticides, and metals including
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, Cost analy-
sis, Public health, Pesticides, Metals, Water pollution,
Tables(Data), Maps, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial
actions, Soil contamination, Volatile organic com-
pounds, Cape Girardeau(Missouri), Liquid waste dis-
posal.
PB90-157892/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
New Castle Spill, New Castle, DE. (First Remedial
Action), September 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
28 Sep 89,48p EPA/ROD/R03-89/077
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The New Castle Spill site is a former manufacturing fa-
cility 0.5 mile north of New Castle, Delaware, and is in
the 100-year floodplain of the Delaware River. Com-
mercial enterprises and residences neighbor the site
and receive potable water from the deeper of the two
aquifers underlying the site. The six-acre area associ-
ated with the site consists of municipal property, wet-
lands, and the Witco manufacturing facility which pro-
duced plastic foams using (2-chloropropyl)-phosphate.
In 1977, because of dead grass near the facility's drum
storage area, Witco investigated the area and deter-
mined that four to five drums of tris had spilled and
contaminated the soil and the shallow aquifer. The
State subsequently pumped and discharged contami-
nated groundwater into adjacent wetlands. A 1988 re-
medial investigation revealed that there is no longer a
source of contamination at the site and that tris has
contaminated the shallow aquifer but not the deeper
aquifer. This limited response action addresses the
groundwater contamination in the shallow aquifer. The
primary contaminant of concern affecting the ground-
water is (2-chloropropyl)-phosphate.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Site surveys, Cost analysis. Public health, Water pol-
lution, Residual soils, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial
actions, New Castle(Delaware), Soil contamination,
Chloropropyl phosphate.
PB90-159070/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Municipal Solid Waste Needs Assessment. Final
Report. Rept. for 1988-89.
Science Applications International Corp., Bothell, WA.
B. Ross, A. DeVries, and B. Humphreys. Sep 89,119p*
EPA/910/9-89/033
Contract EPA-68-W9-0008
Prepared in cooperation with Ross and Associates,
Seattle, WA. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Seattle, WA. Region X.
The final report examines the needs (technical, educa-
tional, and policy) of municipal solid waste managers in
Alaska, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. Four state
profiles of solid waste management (and one profile
for Indian tribes) indicate the variety of needs across
the region. Washington and Oregon needs are con-
centrated in finding markets for recyclable materials,
while Idaho and Alaska need more basic technical as-
sistance in siting and building landfills, handling wastes
in remote rural villages, and in beginning to promote
recycling within the states. The report presents recom-
mendations to the EPA Region 10 office on ways in
which it can assist the states. Emphasis is on market
development, basic technical assistance, interstate
issues, education and outreach, and research needs.
The report is based on over a hundred interviews with
states regulators, legislators, local waste managers,
governmental and tribal associations, non-profit
groups, and waste/recycling industries.
Keywords: 'Management planning, Alaska,
Washington(State), Oregon, Idaho, Earth fills, Assess-
ments, Market research, Regional planning, Educa-
tion, 'Municipal wastes, 'Solid waste management,
Waste recycling, Region 10, Indian reservations. Tech-
nology utilization.
PB90-159807/HSU	PC A18/MF A03
Handbook of Suggested Practices for the Design
and Installation of Ground-Water Monitoring
Wells. Final rept. Jun 85-Jul 89.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas
NV.	'
L. Aller, T. W. Bennett, G. Hackett, J. E. Denne, and R
J. Petty. Feb 90,416p EPA/600/4-89/034
Prepared in cooperation with National Water Well As-
sociation, Dublin, OH., Bennett and Williams, Inc., Co-
lumbus, OH., Ohio Dept. of Natural Resources, Colum-
bus, and Blasland, Bouck and Lee, Syosset, NY.
The document is intended to assist personnel involved
with the design, construction, and installation of
ground-water monitoring wells. It does not focus on
specific regulatory requirements, but instead presents
state-of-the-art technology that may be applied in di-
verse hydrogeologic situations. The 'Handbook' ad-
dresses field-oriented practices to solve monitoring
well construction problems rather than conceptual or
idealized practices. The information is presented in
both matrix and text form. The matrices use a relative
numerical rating scheme to guide the user toward ap-
propriate drilling technologies for particular monitoring
situations. The text provides the narrative overview of
the criteria that influence ground-water monitoring well
design and construction. Such influencing factors in-
clude purpose, location, site hydrogeology, contami-
nant characteristics, anthropogenic activities, and test-
ing equipment.
Keywords: 'Monitoring, 'Groundwater, 'Water wells,
'Water pollution, Design criteria, Construction, Install-
ing, Requirements, Hydrogeology, Drilling, Hand-
books, Soils, Sampling, Equipment, Boreholes, Drilling
fluids, Reliability, Water levels.
PB90-169831/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lalj
Municipal Waste Combustion Assessment Fossil
Fuel Co-Firing. Final rept. Oct 88-Jul 89.
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Durham,
NC.
V. J. Landrum, and R. G. Barton. Jul 89,62p EPA/600/
8-89/059
Contract EPA-68-03-3365
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.	"
The report identifies refuse derived fuel (RDF) proc-
essing operations and various RDF types; describes
such fossil fuel co-firing techniques as coal fired
spreader stokers, pulverized coal wall fired boilers pul-
verized coal tangentially fired boilers, and cyclone'fired
boilers: and describes the population of coal fired boil-
ers that currently co-fire RDF, have previously co-fired
RDF but have ceased to do so, and have been used in
RDF co-firing demonstrations. (Fossil fuel co-firing de-
fined as the combustion of RDF with another fuel (usu-
ally coal) in a device designed primarily to bum the
other fuel, is generally confined to commercial and util-
ity boilers.) Model plants are developed and good
combustion practices are recommended.
Keywords: 'Combustion efficiency, 'Boilers, 'Fossil
fuels, Assessments, Process charting, Electric power
plants, Performance evaluation, Combustion products.
Air pollution, 'Refuse derived fuels, 'Municfaai
wastes, 'Cocombustion, Energy source develooment
Coal utilization.	'
PB90-15S872/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Quality Assurance for the SITE (Superfund Inno-
vative Technology Evaluation) Program Daman,
stratlons. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
»s, and J. S. Harrington
J-89/003
G. F. Simes, i
C1989,9p EPA/600/
Pub. in Air and Waste Management Association vaa
n4 p431-436 Apr 89. Prepared in cooperation with
Maxwell Labs., Inc., San Diego, CA.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has imple-
mented a rigorous quality assurance (QA) program to
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ensure that the performance data generated during
their Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation
(SITE) Demonstration projects are of known and ade-
quate quality to support decisions to use such technol-
ogies for hazardous waste site characterizations or re-
mediations. A general overview of the ways in which
the QA program has been conducted and of the re-
sults it has produced is presented.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
Project planning, Quality assurance, Decision making,
Effectiveness, Waste treatment, Containment, Super-
fund, "SITE program.
PB90-159880/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Perspectives on the Concern for and Manage-
ment of Prenatal Chemical Exposure and Postna-
tal Effects. Symposium paper.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
C. A. Kimmel. Jan 90,8p EPA/600/D-89/272
The paper was presented as the introduction to a ses-
sion on the history and epidemiology of prenatal chem-
ical exposure. Although teratology and developmental
toxicology had its experimental beginnings in the early
part of this century, the potential tor human develop-
mental toxicity due to chemical exposure was not gen-
erally recognized until the thalidomide tragedy of the
early 1960s. Furthermore, the fact that exposure to
chemicals during development might have subtle and
long-lasting postnatal consequences in humans was
not generally recognized until the late 1960s and early
1970s. The data available are usually most extensive
for therapeutic agents or environmental chemicals for
which standard testing is required prior to marketing or
release into the environment. For substances of
abuse, on the other hand, there is no standard testing
unless the drug is a therapeutic agent, and data may
be sketchy or nonexistent until a problem is recog-
nized in humans. It is important to educate the general
public about the drastic consequences of drug abuse
during pregnancy.
Keywords: 'Drugs, 'Pregnancy, Toxicity, Exposure,
•Drug abuse, 'Prenatal care, 'Teratogens, 'Environ-
mental pollution, Health hazards, Biological effects.
PB90-159898/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Design Report: Low NOx Burners for Package
Boilers. Final rept. May 85-Mar 89.
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Environmental Sys-
tems Div.
r A Brown, H. Dehne, S. Eaton, H. B. Mason, and S.
Torbov. cJan 90,142p' EPA/600/7-90/001
Contract EPA-68-02-4213
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report describes a low-NOx burner design, pre-
sented for residual-oil-fired industrial boilers and boil-
ers cofiring conventional fuels and nitrated hazardous
wastes. The burner offers lower NOx emission levels
for these applications than conventional commercial
burners. The burner utilizes two-stage combustion in a
deep staging mode in which a precombustor firing sub-
stoichiometncally is retrofitted to the front of the boiler.
The completion of the combustion in the second stage
Is achieved through sidefire air ports to be retrofitted to
the boiler. The precombustor is a cylindrical shell of
21m internal diameter fabricated of lightweight refrac-
tory blocks with a Saffil based coating. This material
gives a lightweight, non-regenerative precombustor
which can adapt to the start-up, shutdown, and load
following transients typical of industrial boilers. The
precombustor is designed for the capacity range of 15-
29 MW heat input. A modular design using annular
spool sections adapts to different design loads within
mis range. For larger loads, a geometric scale-up is re-
quired. Design data are also given for 59 MW capacity.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen oxides,
•Burners, 'Boilers, Combustion control, Combustion
products, Combustion chambers, Exhaust gases,
Design, Air pollution.
PB90-159906/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
d-SSYS: A Computer Model for the Evaluation of
Competing Alternatives Version 3.20. Operational
Manual.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
A. J. Klee. Sep 89,71 p EPA/SW/DK-90/017A
Supersedes PB88-234182. For system on diskette,
see PB90-501214.
The study was instigated to develop a computer model
that (a) quantitatively evaluates competing research
and development projects, and (b) assists in prioritiz-
ing such projects when resources are not sufficient to
conduct all of them. An evaluation model was devel-
oped, based upon existing multiattribute utility theory
but with some modification and innovation. The model,
with user input, helps determine the relative weights of
the factors or criteria used to evaluate the projects
under consideration, and, again with user input, deter-
mines the utility function for each of the attributes. A
computer program was written to implement the
model.
Keywords: 'Computer aided analysis, 'Programming
manuals, Computer software, Computer applications,
Evaluation, Computerized simulation, Research
projects, 'Computer models, *d-SSYS computer pro-
gram, Alternatives.
PB60-160003/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Locating and Estimating Air Emissions from
Sources of 1,3-Butadiens. Final rept.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
S. K. Buchanan. Dec 89,161p? EPA/450/2-89/021
Contract EPA-68-02-4392
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
To assist groups interested in inventorying air emis-
sions of various potentially toxic substances, EPA is
preparing a series of documents to compile available
information on sources and emissions of these sub-
stances. The document deals specifically with 1,3-bu-
tadiene. Its intended audience includes Federal, State
and local air pollution personnel and others interested
in locating potential emitters of 1,3-butadiene and in
making gross estimates of air emissions therefrom.
The document presents information on the types of
sources that may emit 1,3-butadiene, process vari-
ations and release points that may be expected within
these sources, and available emissions information in-
dicating the potential for 1,3-butadiene releases into
the air from each operation.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Motor vehicles, 'Buta-
dienes, 'Exhaust emissions, Physical properties,
Chemical properties, National government, State gov-
ernment, Local government, Industrial wastes, Poly-
mers, Chemical analysis, Sampling, Elastomers,
Waste water, Leakage, Copolymers, Chemical indus-
try, 'Emission factors, 'Point sources, 'Toxic sub-
stances.
PB90-160086/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Radon Reduction Techniques in Schools: Interim
Technical Guidance.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Oct 89,56p* EPA/520/1-89/020
The guidance contained in the document is based
largely on research conducted in 1987 and 1988 in
schools located in Maryland and Virginia. Because
school design, construction and operation patterns
vary considerably, it is not always possible to recom-
mend 'standard' corrective actons that apply to all
schools. Therefore, the document covers background
information on radon and radon mitigation experience,
important school building characteristics relative to
radon entry and mitigation, problem analysis, radon di-
agnostic testing, and radon mitigation system design
and installation.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'School buildings, 'Air pollution
control, Guidelines, Maryland, Virginia, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, Ventilation, Environmental
engineering, Building codes. Maintenance, Exposure,
'Mitigation, 'Indoor air pollution, 'Source reduction,
SubsTab depressurization systems. Case studies.
PB90-160326/HSU	PC A25/MF A04
National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution
Contingency Plan (as Published In the Federal
Register, March 8,1990).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
1990,577p
The NCP is the major framework regulation for the
Federal hazardous substance response program. The
NCP includes procedures and standards for now EPA,
other Federal agencies, states and private parties re-
spond under the Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) to
releases of hazardous substances and under the
Clean Water Act to discharges of oil. These revisions
clarify the 1985 NCP language, reorganize the 1985
NCP to describe more accurately the sequence of re-
sponse actions, and incorporate changes based on
program experience since the 1985 revisions to the
Keywords: 'Crude oil, 'Hazardous materials, 'Water
pollution, Standards, Response, National government,
State government, Discharge, Revisions, Project plan-
ning, Readiness, 'National Contingency Plan, Com-
prehensive Environmental Response, Compensation
and Liability Act of 1983, 'Oil spills, Discharge.
PB90-160367/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Evaluation of Techniques for Ocean Disposal of
Soils Containing Naturally Occurring Radionu-
clides (FUSRAP (Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial
Action Program) Wastes).
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY. Nuclear Energy
Dept.
M. Fuhrmann, and P. Colombo. Sep 89,44p EPA/520/
1-89/025
Sponsored by Office of Radiation Programs, Washing-
ton, DC.
The report discusses and evaluates five alternatives
(techniques) for ocean disposal of soils, containing
very low levels of naturally occurring radionuclides,
from the Department of Energy's (DOE) Formerly Uti-
lized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP).
These five techniques include; (1) disposal of unsolidi-
fied wastes in a closed baroe; (2) disposal of unsolidi-
fied wastes in closed containers; (3) disposal of solidi-
fied wastes in a closed barge; (4) disposal of solidified
wastes in closed containers; and, (5) disposal of solidi-
fied wastes without containerization. Each technique is
evaluated with respect to how it conforms to eleven
waste package performance criteria for ocean dispos-
al of LLW.
Keywords: 'Soils, 'Radioactive wastes, 'Waste dis-
posal, Natural radioactivity, Barges, Containers,
Solids, Concentration(Composition), Ocean waste dis-
posal.
PB90-160941/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Effectiveness of the Innovative and Alternative
Wastewater Treatment Technology Program.
Report to the Congress.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of the Assistant Administrator for Water.
Sep 89,170p EPA/430/09-89/009
The Report to Congress, required by Section 517 of
the Water Quality Act of 1987, Public Law No. 100-4,
presents the results of an Environmental Protection
Agency study of the effectiveness of the innovative
and alternative (l/A) wastewater treatment technology
program. The objectives of the study are to summarize
information by State on the types of l/A wastewater
treatment technologies and on the number of facilities
constructed employing them, describe l/A technol-
ogies that have not performed to design standards, de-
termine which States have not obligated the set-aside
for l/A technologies and the reasons for failure to
make such obligations, and recommend more effec-
tive incentives for using l/A wastewater treatment
technologies.
Keywords: 'Sewage treatment, Substitutes, National
government. Economic analysis, Design criteria,
standards, Performance evaluation, Energy conserva-
tion, State government, 'Innovative and alternative
wastewater treatment technology program, Clean
Water Act of 1977, Construction grants, Technology
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
utilization, Water Quality Act of 1987, Pollution regula-
tions.
PB90-160995/HSU	PC A10/MF A02
Multispectral Identification and Confirmation of
Organic Compounds in Wastewater Extracts.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
J. M. McGuire, T. W. Collette, A. D. Thurston, S. D.
Richardson, and W. D. Payne. Feb 90,204p EPA/600/
4-90/002
Prepared in cooperation with Georgia Univ., Athens,
and Technology Applications, Inc., Athens, GA.
Application of multispectral identification techniques to
samples from industrial and POTW wastewaters re-
vealed identities of 63 compounds that had not been
identified by empirical matching of mass spectra with
spectral libraries. Twenty-five of the compounds had
not been found in wastewaters previously. Multispec-
tral techniques used in the identifications were GC/MS
(low resolution), high resolution mass spectrometry,
positive methane chemical ionization mass spectrom-
etry, and gas chromatography combined with Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy. Some of the same
techniques were used to confirm (without obtaining a
pure sample of the tentatively identified compound)
identifications made by reexamination of GC/MS data
tapes generated by contractor laboratories. Eighty per-
cent of the identifications were confirmed. Some of the
wrong identifications made by reexamination of the
tapes were attributed to poor chromatography during
the initial analysis.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Industrial wastes, 'Spec-
trum analysis, 'Organic compounds, Mass spectros-
copy, Gas chromatography, 'Sewage treatment ef-
fluents, 'Water pollution detection, Fourier transform
spectroscopy.
PB90-161001/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Municipal Waste Combustion Assessment: Waste
Co-Firing. Final rept. Oct 88-Jul 89.
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Durham,
NC.
V. J. Landrum, and P. J. Schindler. Jul 89,43p EPA/
600/8-89/060
Contract EPA-68-03-3365
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report is an overview of waste co-firing and auxilia-
ry fuel fired technology and identifies tne extent to
which co-firing and auxiliary fuel firing are practiced.
Waste co-firing is defined as the combustion of wastes
(e.g., sewage sludge, medical waste, wood waste, and
agricultural waste) in a unit designed to burn municipal
solid waste (MSW) or refuse derived fuel (RDF) as a
major fraction of total fuel input. Auxiliary fuel firing is
defined as firing coal, fuel oil, or natural gas in a munic-
ipal waste combustor under conditions when waste
feed quantities are interrupted. This is a fairly common
practice for dedicated RDF boilers, and there may be
additional mass burn MWCs that meet the definition of
auxiliary fuel firing. The report describes technologies
used by facilities that meet these definitions, charac-
terizes the population, and discusses design and oper-
ating practices and available emissions data from each
facility. The report concludes with a discussion of rec-
ommended good combustion practices for waste co-
firing combustors and auxiliary fuel fired MWCs.
Keywords: 'Combustion chambers, 'Solid waste dis-
posal, 'Incinerators, Design criteria, Assessments,
Medical supplies, Sewage sludge. Wood wastes, Agri-
cultural wastes, Combustion efficiency, 'Municipal
wastes, 'Refuse derived fuels, 'Cocombustion.
P09O-161O35/HSU	PC A25/MF A04
Catalog of Pesticide Chemical Names and Their
Synonyms. Second Edition.
Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA.
Hazard Evaluation Div.
r coberly, E. McAloon, and E. Regelman. Jan 90,
5900* EPA/540/09-90/079
See also PB86-170636.
The document contains an alphabetical listing of
active chemicals. It is an extensive pesticide collection
of chemical reference points compiled from Accepta-
ble Common Names and Chemical Names for the In-
gredient Statement on Pesticide Labels' (EPA-540/9-
77-017), EPA working files, and 180.1 - 180.418 of the
July 1,1984 CFR40.
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Nomenclature, Terminology,
"Reference books, Metabolites.
PB90-161209/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of Reslstively Heated Metal Monolith
Catalytic Converters on an Ml00 Neat Methanol-
Fueled Vehicle. Part 2. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Office of Mobile Sources.
G. K. Piotrowski. Dec 89,26p EPA/AA/CTAB-89/09
See also Part 1, PB89-101158.
Two catalyst formulations using resistively heated
metal monolith substrates were evaluated for the ap-
plication of exhaust emission catalysts on an M100
neat methanol-fueled vehicle. The active catalyst for-
mulations were palladium: cerium (Pd:Ce) and a base
metal formulation. The catalysts were evaluated at low
mileage in two modes: Resistive heating applied to the
substrate during portions of the cold-start and hot-start
transient segments of the test cycle (Federal test pro-
cedure): and No resistive heating applied to the sub-
strate during the driving cycle. The test vehicle was
also driven in the baseline, or no-catalyst mode, to
obtain engine-out emission levels for comparison. Re-
sistively heating the palladium catalyst provided a sub-
stantial emissions control benefit over the non-resisti-
vely heated catalyst mode. The base metal catalyst
showed a slight improvement in emissions when the
catalyst was resistively heated.
Keywords: "Catalytic converters, 'Emission tests,
'Automotive fuels, "Motor vehicle engines, Engine
tests, Exhaust emissions, Methanols, Resistance
heating, Evaluation, Air pollution.
PB90-161431/HSU	PC A11/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Protection of Cotton, December 1984-February
1989. Citations from AGRICOLA (Agricultural
Online Access) Concerning Diseases and Other
Environmental Considerations. Bibliographies and
literature of agriculture.
National Agricultural Library, Beltsville, MD.
C. N. Bebee. Aug 89,232p USDA/BLA-79
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Pesticide Programs.
The citations in the biblography are selected from
works by U.S. and Canadian authors on The Protection
of Cotton, December 1984-February 1989, which up-
dates BLA-37. The Protection of Cotton, 1980-Novem-
ber 1984. All citations are derived from AGRICOLA
(AGRICultural Online Access), the database family
compiled by the National Agricultural Library.
Keywords: "Cotton plants, "Bibliographies, Research
projects, Farm crops, Protection, Breeding, Meteorol-
ogy, Climatology, Legislation, Fertilizers, Soil chemis-
try, Agricultural economiccs, Production, Farm man-
agement, Marketing, Biochemistry, Plant diseases,
Animal physiology, Pollution.
PB90-161S14/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Chromium Emissions from Comfort Cooling
Towers: Background Information for Promulgated
Standards. Environmental impact statement (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jan 89,90p EPA/4S0/3-87/010B
See also PB88-197298.
A final rule for the control of hexavalent chromium
emissions from comfort cooling towers (CCT) is being
promulgated under authority of Section 6 of the Toxic
Substances Control Act. The final rule prohibits both
the use of Cr(+6) in CCTs and the distribution in com-
merce of CR(+6) for use in CCTs. The rule would
apply to existing and new CCTs. The document con-
tains a summary of changes to the rule made since
proposal, a summary of the impacts of the promulgat-
ed rule, and a summary of the public comments on the
proposed rule and EPA's responses.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-Final,
'Chromium, 'Cooling towers, 'Air pollution control,
Public opinion, Corrosion inhibitors, Public health, Sub-
stitutes, Water treatment chemicals, 'Air pollution
standards, Energy consumption, Emission factors
Economic impact, Pollution regulations, Toxic Sub-
stances Control Act.
PB90-161530/HSU	PC A2S/MF A04
FIFRA (Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Roden-
ticide Act) Accelerated Reregistratlon: Phase 3
Technical Guidance.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
A. Nugent. Dec 89, S77p EPA/540/09-90/078
The guidance provides information to assist in the
preparation of Phase 3 response for reregistration of
products. Phase 3 of reregistration is part of a five-
phase process for the accelerated reregistration of
pesticides established by Section 4 of the Federal In-
secticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (F)FRA). In
Phase 3, registrants who seek reregistration but who
are not eligible for a generic data exemption must de-
termine which of their previously submitted scientific
studies are adequate to support reregistration. The
document contains guidance required by Section 4(e)
of FIFRA concerning the adequacy of studies, how
studies must be summarized and reformatted, and
how to identify information on adverse effects.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Insecticides, 'Fungicides,
•Rodenticides, Chemical analysis, Field tests. Ecolo-
gy, Toxicology, "Reregistration, "Federal insecticide
fungicide and rodenticide act. Carcinogenicity tests.
Mutagenicity tests.
PB90-161688/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Options for Controlling the Global Warming
Impact from Motor Vehicles. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology and Applications Branch.
R. M. Heavenrich, J. D. Murrell, and K. H. Hellman. Dec
89, 23p EPA/AA/CTAB-89/08
There is a great deal of interest in the subject of global
warming and potential ways to mitigate the impacts of
emissions that contribute to global warming. Tne paper
discusses ways to formulate approaches that could be
involved in a regulatory program for control of carbon
dioxide emissions from cars and light trucks.
Keywords: 'Thermal radiation, 'Greenhouse effect,
'Air pollution control. 'Exhaust emissions, 'Motor ve-
hicles, 'Air pollution abatement. Carbon dioxide, Cli-
matic changes, Temperature inversions, Automobiles,
Trucks, Nitrogen oxide(N20), 'Global aspects, Light
duty vehicles, Pollution regulations.
PB90-161902/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Start-Up and Operation of Chemical Process
Technologies in the Municipal Sector: The Carver-
Greenfield Process for Sludge Drying.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of the Assistant Administrator for Water.
Aug 89, 71p EPA/430/09-89/007
The Carver-Greenfield Process is an example of a
more complex technology that has been adapted to
the drying of municipal sewage sludge.
Keywords: 'Sludge drying, 'Municipalities, Evapora-
tion, Vapors, Compressing, Starting, Operations, Per-
sonnel development. Operating costs, Management
Carver-Greenfield process, Mercer CountylCaFifornia)!
PB9O-162520/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Veaaa.
NV.
Evaluation of Sample Extract Cleanup Using
Solid-Phase Extraction Cartridges.
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Environmental Sys-
tems Div.
V. Lopez-Avila, J. Benedicto, and J. Milanes. Dec 89
124p EPA/600/4-09/049
Contract EPA-68-03-3511
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Fractionation and cleanup of sample extracts prior to
instrumental analysis is usually accomplished bv
column chromatography, gel permeation chromatoora-
phy, or acid-base partitioning. In the report, the results
of a study are described in which the apipiication of
solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges containing
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Florisil, alumina, silica gel, and diol to the fractionation
and cleanup of sample extracts was investigated. The
compounds investigated included organochTorine pes-
ticides and polychlorinated biphenyls listed in SW-B46
Method 8080/8081, phthalate esters listed in Method
8060, and phenolic compounds listed in Method 8040.
A draft protocol for the use of SPE cartridges for
sample extract cleanup was prepared and tested with
spiked synthetic matrices and with spiked extracts of
real samples. The results of this study indicate that
such use of SPE cartridges is feasible for a variety of
matrices and target compounds.
Keywords: "Sample preparation, "Solvent extraction,
•Chemical analysis, "Solid wastes, "Pesticides, Sam-
plers, Chromatographic analysis, Distillation, Experi-
mental design, Chlorine organic compounds, Phenols,
Phthalates, "Environmental monitoring, EPA method
8080, EPA method 8081, EPA method 8080, EPA
method 8040, Polychlorinated biphenyls.
PB90-162603/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 8):
Montlcello Vicinity Properties, San Juan County,
UT. (First Remedial Action), September 1989. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89,35p EPA/ROD/R08-89/025
The Monticello Vicinity Properties site, also known as
the Monticello Radiation Contaminated Properties, is a
federally-owned abandoned vanadium and uranium
mill area in the city of Monticello, San Juan County,
Utah. Milling of vanadium and uranium occurred from
1944 to 1960. Currently, the site consists of a disman-
tled vanadium and uranium mill, and stabilized mill tail-
ings piles. The Monticello Radiation Contaminated
Properties were accepted into the Department of Ener-
gy's Surplus Facilities Management Program in 1980
for remedial action. The Vicinity Properties were for-
mally included on the NPL In 1986 and, therefore, must
comply with requirements of CERCLA. In October
1989 the Millsite itself was also listed on the NPL. DOE
established an official list of Vicinity Properties desig-
nated for remedial action based on radiological sur-
veys conducted from 1971 to 1984. As of March 1989,
91 properties had been identified to be included in the
Monticello Vicinity Properties. Of these 91 properties,
53 remedial actions have been completed and 12 ad-
ditional properties are slated for remedial action in
1989. The primary contaminants of concern in con-
struction material and debris are thorium-230, radium-
226, and radon-222 contained in the vanadium and
uranium mill tailings.
Keywords: "Industrial wastes. "Waste disposal. "Haz-
ardous materials, "Site surveys, Public health, Radium,
Radon, Cost analysis, Radioactive wastes, "Remedial
actions, "Superfund program, "Land reclamation,
Monticello(Utah).
PB90-162611/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 7):
Chemplex, Clinton, IA. (First Remedial Action),
September 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
27 Sep 89,84p EPA/ROD/R07-89/024
The Chemplex site is in Clinton County within 5 miles
of Clinton, Iowa, and includes a landfill, a waste water
treatment plant, and an adjacent facility which manu-
factures high and low density polyethylene. From 1988
to 1976 the landfill area was used for disposal of vari-
ous plant wastes including black oily sludge, scrap pol-
yethylene, construction debris, and carbonate sludge.
The debutanlzed aromatic concentrate (DAC) area,
which consists of a pit and DAC product storage and
loading areas, was contaminated by DAC spillage. In
1987, waste was reportedly removed from the pit and
disposed of in a RCRA permitted landfill. Wastes and
apllls have contaminated the soil and ground water un-
derneath the landfill and DAC areas. This first operable
unit will address the plumes of ground water contami-
nation A subsequent operable unit remedy for the site
will address the cleanup of soil and other ground water
remediation that may be required. The primary con-
taminants of concern affecting the ground water are
VOCs including benzene, toluene, xylenes, TCE, and
PCE; and other organics including carcinogenic and
noncarcinogenlc PAHs.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, Water pollu-
tion, Public health. Cost analysis, Solid waste disposal,
Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, "Solid waste man-
agement, "Superfund program, "Remedial actions,
CTinton(lowa), Volatile organic compounds.
PB90-162629/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 7):
John's Sludge Pond, Wichita, KS. (First Remedial
Action), September 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
22 Sep 89,44p EPA/ROD/R07-89/025
The Johns' Sludge Pond site is in a relatively undevel-
oped area in the city of Wichita, Sedgwick County,
Kansas. During the 1950s and 1960s the Super Re-
fined Oil Company used the sludge pond for the dis-
posal of waste oil and up to 15,000 cubic yards of oily
sludge generated by the oil recycling and reclamation
operation. Because sulfuric acid was used to refine
waste oil for recycling, the wastes dumped into the
pond were very acidic. Additionally, high lead concen-
trations and low PCB concentrations (less than 50
ppm) were also detected in the sludge. As surface
water flowed into the pond, an extremely acidic layer of
water formed on top of the sludge which often over-
flowed into nearby surface waters. The city subse-
quently built berms to prevent further surface runoff. In
1983 EPA ordered the city to undertake interim clean-
up activities which consisted of excavating and solidi-
fying the sludge using cement kiln dust with redeposi-
tion of the treated sludge into a compacted clay-lined
cell followed by capping using a compacted clay cap.
Surface and ground water monitoring following the in-
terim action have not detected any contaminant levels
that would require further action.
Keywords: "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, "Site surveys, Public health,
Lead(Metal), "Superfund program, "Remedial actions,
Polychlorobiphenyl compounds. Liquid waste disposal,
Wichita(Kansas).
PB90-162637/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 7):
Solid State Circuits, Republic, MO. (First Remedial
Action) September 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, CXI.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
27 Sep 89,125p EPA/ROD/R07-89/026
The Solid State Circuits (SSC) site, a former industrial
and manufacturing facility, is located in Republic, Mis-
souri, approximately twelve miles southwest of Spring-
field. The city of Republic obtains its drinking water
from three municipal wells which draw from the deep-
est of three underlying aquifers. Uses of the facility
since 1902 included milling, refrigeration, printed cir-
cuit board manufacturing, and photoprocessing, as
well as other, unknown, activities. The major wastes
generated appear to have been cleaning solvents
used in the circuit board process and wastewaters
from the circuit board activities. Sampling by the Mis-
souri Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) in
1982 revealed contamination with TCE in Municipal
Well Number 1, 500 feet south of the site. The SSC
site was identified as a possible source. Subsequent
actions included pumping tests, several major soil and
debris excavations and removals (thereby eliminating
the source of contamination), and taking Municipal
Well Number 1 out of service. The primary contami-
nants of concern are VOCs, particularly TCE.
Keywords: "Industrial wastes. "Hazardous materials,
•Waste disposal, "Site surveys, Public health, Water
pollution, Cost analysis, 'Superfund program, "Reme-
dial actions, Liquid waste disposal, Volatile organic
compounds, Republic(Missouri).
PB90-162645/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 7):
Doepke Disposal (Hollktay), KS. (First Remedial
Action), September 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
21 Sep 89,84p EPA/ROD/R07-89/032
The Doepke Disposal (Holiiday) site is an inactive in-
dustrial-waste landfill located east of Holiiday, John-
son County, Kansas. During the 1950s and early 1960s
the site was used as a landfill for residential refuse. In
1963 Doepke Disposal Service, Inc. leased the proper-
ty and operated a commercial and industrial waste
landfill until 1970, when the State shut down the oper-
ation. Materials such as fiberglass, fiberglass resins,
paint sludges, spent solvents, metal sludges, soaps,
and pesticides were reportedly disposed of at the land-
fill. In 1 966 fire debris and up to 374 drums of solvents
and organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides
were disposed of at the site as a result of a fire at a
Kansas City chemical plant. Initially wastes and resi-
dues brought to the site were burned, however, in the
late 1960s burning operations ceased and solid
wastes were buried onsite and liquids were disposed
of in two surface impoundments. In 1977 rock material
excavated during the construction of an interstate was
dumped onsite and in some cases over the deposited
waste. The current owner uses portions of the site for
storage of clay, crushed shales, and crushed lime-
stone. The primary contaminants of concern affecting
the soil and ground water are VOCs including ben-
zene, toluene, and xylene; other organics including
PAHs, PCBs, and pesticides, and metals including
chromium and lead.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, Public
health, Water pollution, Cost analysis, Solid waste dis-
posal, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Chromium,
Lead, "Superfund program, "Remedial actions, Soil
contamination, Holliday(Kansas), Soil contamination.
Volatile organic compounds.
PB90-162652/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Cliff/Dow Dump, Marquette, Ml. (First Remedial
Action), September 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
27 Sep 89,104p EPA/ROD/R05-89/100
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The municipally owned 2-acre Cliff/Dow Dump site is
in a wooded recreational area adjacent to the Dead
River in Marquette, Michigan. From 1954 until the early
1960s wastes generated by the Cliffs-Dow Chemical
Company's charcoal manufacturing plant were depos-
ited at the site. The wastes, which included tar and tar-
contaminated fill materials, were deposited to fill a
small bog depression. The 200 cubic yards of exposed
tar deposits are the primary source of contamination in
the soil; however, the remaining 9,400 cubic yards of
fill material containing charcoal and wood intermingled
with approximately 200 cubic yards of tar, are also a
contamination source. Results of pilot studies indicate
that ground water is undergoing in situ biodegradation
as it flows downgradient of the fill and poses no risk to
human health or the environment. The primary con-
taminants of concern affecting the soil are VOCs in-
cluding benzene, toluene, PCE, and xylenes; and other
organics including PAHs and phenol.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys, Public
health, Cost analysis, Solid waste disposal, Aromatic
polycyclic hydrocarbons, Water pollution, Phenols,
"Superfund program, "Remedial actions, Volatile or-
ganic compounds, Marquette(Michigan), Soil contami-
nation.
PB90-162680/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 8):
Woodbury Chemical, Commerce City, CO.
(Second Remedial Action), September 1989. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89,53p EPA/ROD/R08-89/026
See also PB85-249464.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The Woodbury Chemical Site is in Commerce City, a
northern suburb of Denver, Colorado, and neighbors a
primarily industrial area which includes automobile sal-
vage yards and a petroleum refinery. From the 1950s
to 1971, the Woodbury Chemical Company operated a
pesticide formulation facility which was destroyed by
fire in 1965 but was subsequently rebuilt. Contaminat-
ed rubble and debris from the fire was disposed of on a
2.2-acre vacant lot east of the Woodbury facility.
During a 1985 remedial investigation of the 2.2-acre
lot, EPA identified high levels of pesticides and metals
in surface and subsurface soils. As a result of the dis-
covery of additional contamination, EPA determined it
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
would be more cost effective to simultaneously imple-
ment the cleanup activities at the 2.2-acre lot, the
Woodbury chemical facility, and adjacent properties.
The selected remedial action addressed in the Record
of Decision (ROD) incorporates and builds upon the
1985 ROD. The primary contaminants of concern af-
fecting the soil are VOCs including PCE and TCE;
other organics including pesticides; and metals includ-
ing arsenic.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, "Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys. Pesticides,
Public health, Cost analysis. Arsenic, Solid waste dis-
posal, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial actions, 'Soil
contamination, Volatile organic compounds,
Denver(Colorado).
PB90-162678/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
CryoChem, Berks County, PA (First Remedial
Action), September 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89,89p EPA/ROD/R03-89/078
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The 19-acre CryoChem facility is a metal fabricating fa-
cility in the village of Worman, Earl Township, Berks
County, Pennsylvania. Between 1970 and 1982, Cryo-
Chem reportedly used chemical solvents to clean dye
from metal welds at a rate of two to three 55-gallon
drums per year. The facility also reported that a solvent
spill had occurred at some unspecified time in the past.
Spilled solvent is suspected to have collected in the
workshop drains and flowed, through underground
channels, towards a stream that flows across the site.
Spilled solvent has also migrated through the soil
column and has contaminated the ground water un-
derlying the site. Ground water samples, collected be-
tween 1981 and 1985 by the State and EPA, revealed
that an onsite production well, nearby residential wells,
and onsite soil have been contaminated. As a result of
drinking water contamination, EPA installed activated
carbon filters in 13 homes in 1987. The primary con-
taminants of concern affecting the ground water are
VOCs including TCA, DCA, TCE, DCE, and PCE.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, Public health, Water
pollution, Cost analysis, 'Superfund program, 'Reme-
dial actions, Worman(Pennsylvania), Volatile organic
compounds, Liquid waste disposal.
PB90-162686/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 8):
Burlington Northern (Somerset Plant), Somers,
MT. (First Remedial Action), September 1989. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
27 Sep 89,126p EPA/ROD/R08-89/023
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The 80-acre Burlington Northern (Somers Plant) site is
a former railroad tie treatment facility in Somers, Flat-
head County, Montana. Burlington Northern operated
the treatment plant from 1901 to 1986 and generated
wastewater primarily consisting of stream condensate
containing zinc chloride and creosote, which was dis-
charged to a lagoon south of the treatment building.
Overflow from the lagoon flowed through an open
drainage ditch to a pond which formed in a swamp
area adjacent to the ditch, and eventually into the lake.
Contaminated soil and sediment areas in addition to
the drainage ditch, swamp pond, and lagoon include a
drippage area along the railroad tracks where treated
ties were removed from the treatment building, a
slough area where treated ties were stored, and a
beach area extending into Flathead Lake. Ground
water in the vicinity of the lagoon and the swamp pond
is also contaminated. The primary contaminants of
concern affecting the soil, sediment, and ground water
are organics including creosote constituents such as
PAHs and phenols, and metals including zinc.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, "Site surveys, Public health, Water
pollution, Cost analysis, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocar-
bons, Zinc, Phenols, 'Superfund program, Remedial
actions, Liquid waste disposal, Somers(Montana).
PB90-162777/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Rose Township Cemetery Dump Site, Oakland
County, Michigan. (Second Remedial Action), Sep-
tember 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89,28p EPA/ROD/R05-89/110
See also PB89-133949.
The 4-acre Cemetery Dump site is a former sand and
gravel pit in Rose Township, Oakland County, Michi-
gan. During the late 1960s or early 1970s, approxi-
mately 300 to 600 drums, containing paint sludges,
solvents, PCBs, and oils, were illegally dumped and
buried onsite. A 1985 Record of Decision (ROD) ad-
dressed the soil cleanup which included excavation
and offsite disposal of visually-contaminated soil and
drum fragments. Soil which was not visually contami-
nated was sampled and backfilled with clean soil into
the excavated areas. Subsequent soil and ground
water sampling indicated that zinc contaminants in the
ground water exceed the Federal secondary MCL, a
nonenforceable standard based on taste and odor, not
protection of health. Zinc contamination, however, is
most likely a result of monitoring well construction ma-
terials. No other contaminants exceed Federal or
State environmental standards.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, Zinc, Water
pollution, Public health, 'Superfund program, 'Reme-
dial actions, Oakland County(Michigan), Liquid waste
disposal.
PB90-162785/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Hedblum Industries, Ml. (First Remedial Action),
September 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89,59p EPA/ROD/R05-89/112
Hedblum Industries site, an automotive parts manufac-
turing plant, is approximately one mile southwest of the
town of Oscoda, in AuSable Township, Iosco County,
Michigan. Ground water flows beneath the plant and
subdivision and discharges via a bayou into the AuSa-
ble River. Between 1968 and 1972 the previous plant
operators discharged cooling water, rinse water, and
approximately 4,000 gallons of waste TCE onto the
ground. In 1973 VOCs were detected in residential
wells in the AuSable subdivision. Contaminated wells
were replaced with deeper wells which by 1977 also
showed traces of contamination. Subsequently, the
Oscoda Township Municipal Supply System was ex-
tended to residents through the installation of a new
water main. An underground storage tank containing
TCE, TCA, and PCE was removed from the site in
1980. The primary contaminants of concern affecting
the ground water are VOCs including benzene, tolu-
ene, xylenes, TCE, and PCE; and metals including
lead. The selected remedial action for the site includes
ground water pumping and treatment using activated
carbon adsorption with discharge to the bayou; and
ground water and soil monitoring. The estimated
present worth cost of the remedial action is
$2,379,000, which includes an annual O&M cost of
$264,000 over 4-5 years.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, Public health, Water
pollution, Lead(Metal), Cost analysis, 'Superfund pro-
gram, 'Remedial actions, Volatile organic compounds,
Liquid waste disposal, Oscoda(Michigan).
PB90-182793/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Wausau Water Supply, Wisconsin. (Second Reme-
dial Action), September 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89,95p EPA/ROD/R05-89/109
See also PB89-229520.
The Wausau Water Supply site, also known as the
Wausau Ground Water Contamination site, is In
Wausau, Marathon County, Wisconsin. Three primary
source areas of ground water contamination have
been identified; a municipal landfill, the Wausau Chem-
ical Company, and the Wausau Energy Company. The
landfill appears to be the predominant source ol TCE
contamination in the underlying aquifer. On the east
side of the river the Wausau Chemical and Wausau
Energy companies are suspected sources of soli and
ground water contamination due to spills from past op-
erations. Wausau Chemical, a bulk solvent distributer,
was responsible for spilling 1,000 gallons of PCE-con-
taminated waste in 1983 alone. Wausau Energy, a pe-
troleum bulk storage and disposal center, has report-
edly contaminated soil and ground water with petrole-
um by-products. To provide sufficient water of accept-
able quality EPA temporarily installed a granular acti-
vated carbon treatment system on one well in 1984
and VOC stripping towers at the municipal water treat-
ment plant to treat water from two contaminated walls.
The city has been blending treated water with unconta-
minated water to reduce VOC levels.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, Water pollu-
tion, Public health, Cost analysis, 'Superfund program,
'Remedial actions, 'Municipal wastes,
Wausau(Wisconsin), Volatile organic compounds, Soil
contamination.
PB90-162801/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region ft
South Municipal Water Supply Well, NH. (First Re-
medial Action), September 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
27 Sep 89,129p EPA/ROD/R01-89/044
The 250-acre South Municipal Water Supply Well site
is near the Town of Peterborough, in Hillsborough
County, New Hampshire. Also on tne site are the New
Hampshire Ball Bearings Incorporated (NHBB) manu-
facturing facility, several commercial establishments,
and several apartments. The town of Peterborough
discontinued use of the South Well in May 1983 after
the State discovered VOC contamination in water
samples taken from the well. Subsequent investiga-
tions revealed that a plume of contaminated ground
water extended from under the NHBB property to the
vicinity of the South Well. VOC contamination was also
detected in soil on the NHBB property, and wetlands
sediment was found to be contaminated with PCBs,
metals, and PAHs. Investigations attributed the con-
tamination to in-house chemical releases that were
subsequently washed out through floor drains or slop
sinks to outfalls, or washed out through facility doors.
Exterior releases contributed to contamination at the
site through the draining of a truck-mounted waste sol-
vent tank. The primary contaminants of concern af-
fecting the soil and ground water are VOCs including
PCE, TCE, and toluene; the primary contaminants of
concern affecting the sediment are organic^ inducting
PCBs and PAHs, and metals.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials.
•Site surveys, Public health, Water pollution, Cost
analysis, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Metals,
'Superfund program, 'Remedial actions, Liquid waste
disposal, Peterborough(New Hampshire) Volatile or-
ganic compounds, Polychlorobiphenyl compounds.
PB90-162942/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region BY:
Alsco Anaconda, OH. (First Remedial Action),
September 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
B Sep 89,54p EPA/ROD/R05-89/102
The Alsco Anaconda site is a 4.8-acre former sludge
disposal area in Gnadenhutten, Tuscarawas County
Ohio. Contamination at the site occurred from 1965 to
1978 when wastewater and wastewater treatment
sludge from the plant, containing hazardous aluminum
processing wastes (F019), was disposed of in an un-
iined settling basin and a sludge pit. In 1978 the plant
owners began dewatering the treatment sludge prior to
disposal of sludge offsite in the settling basin and a
former swamp area. Because leachate from the sludge
may have contaminated the ground water and surface
water, a subsequent ROD will address the appropriate
remedial action for those media. The primary contami-
nants of concern affecting the soil and sludge are or-
ganics including PCBs, and metals including chromi-
um, cyanide, and arsenic.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials
'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, Water pollution. Cost
analysis, Public health. Chromium, Arsenic, 'Super-
flind	nrnnram
program,
Remedial
Gnadenhutten(Ohio), Polychlorobiphenyl compounds/
•cttona.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-163106/HSU	PC A17/MF A03
Method* to Manage and Control Plastic Wastes.
Report to the Congress.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Feb 90,388p EPA/530/SW-89/051
The report is the compilation of data gathered by EPA
in response to the U.S. Japan Fishery Agreement Ap-
proval Act of 1987. The focus of the report is plastic
wastes in the municipal solid waste stream; the
amount of such waste; its impact on human health, the
environment, and management of the MSW stream
(post-consumer plastic waste); and options for reduc-
ing these impacts (recycling).
Keywords: 'Plastics, 'Water pollution control, 'Munici-
palities, Management, Solid waste disposal, Manufac-
turing, Production, Consumption, Economic factors,
Refuse, Construction, Reduction, Sources, Marketing,
Consumers, Environmental impacts, Recycling, Biode-
gradation, US Japan Fishery Agreement Approval Act
of 1987.
PB90-163114/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Yard Waste Composting: A Study of Eight Pro-
grams-
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
A C. Taylor, and R. M. Kashmanian. Apr 89,58p EPA/
530/SW-89/038
Prepared in cooperation with Harvard Univ., Boston,
MA.
The U.S. has a municipal solid waste management
problem of vast dimension. These municipalities are
quickly running out of places to land fill MSW (solid
wastes from homes, as well as commercial, institution-
al and industrial sources). The United States currently
generates 160 million tons of garbage per year with an
expected increase of 20 percent by the year 2000.
Yard wastes (debris such as grass clippings, leaves,
brush and tree pruning) have been estimated to com-
prise approximately 18 percent of the annual national
MSW stream gross discards. Yard waste generation
rates and composition vary by season, year, and
region. Yard waste composting has great potential as
a MSW management option in the U.S.
Keywords: 'Composts, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Mu-
nicipalities, Project planning, Land use, Availability,
Earth fills, Refuse, Wood wastes, Grasses, Estimates,
Seasonal variations, Volume, Management, United
States, 'Yard wastes.
PB90-163122/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Promoting Source Reduction and Recyciability In
the Marketplace.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Sep 89,144p EPA/530/SW-89/066
A successful recycling program must include four
stages: the recyclable material must be recovered
from the municipal solid waste stream; the material
must be delivered to a manufacturer for processing;
manufacturers must use reclaimed material in their
production processes; and consumers must purchase
the finished product containing the recycled material.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Municipalities, Re-
covery, Cargo transportation, Manufacturing, Produc-
tion, Processing, Consumers, Education, Plastics,
Pack	*--..-I—
ing, f
ckaging, Government policies, Industries, Market-
i, Effectiveness, Case studies, 'Source reduction.
PBSO-163189/HSU	PC A21/MF AOS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
proceedings of the National Conference on
Household Hazardous Waste Management (4th).
Hold In Orlando, Florida on November 8-8,1989.
Duxbury (Dana) and Associates, Andover, MA.
Feb90,498p* EPA/530/SW-89/042D
Grant EPA-T-901776-01-0
Prepared in cooperation with GRCDA, Silver Spring,
MoT Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.
The book Is the compendium of presentations made at
the fourth annual Household Hazardous Waste Man-
agement Conference.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Hazardous materials, Educa-
tion, Paint, Earth fills, Electric batteries, Collecting
methods, Substitutes, Waste disposal, 'Household
wastes, 'Waste management, Case studies, Compre-
hensive planning, Oil wastes, State programs, Heavy
metals, Public information, Waste recycling.
PB90-163544/HSU	PC A10/MF A02
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1): W.
R. Grace Acton, Massachusetts (First Remedial
Action), September 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89,211 p EPA/ROD/R01 -89/040
The W.R. Grace (Acton Plant) site is in Acton and Con-
cord, Massachusetts. In 1954 W.R. Grace & Company
purchased the property and began producing contain-
er sealing compounds, latex products, and paper and
plastic battery separators. Effluent wastes from these
operations flowed into several unlined lagoons and
were later buried in onsite waste areas, including an in-
dustrial landfill. After a 1978 investigation revealed that
ground water in the vicinity of the site was contaminat-
ed with VOCs, W.R. Grace & Company agreed to fully
restore the aquifer. An aquifer restoration system was
installed in 1985 which recovers and treats ground
water under the site's waste disposal areas. Subse-
quent samplings, however, have indicated that the
system has only minimally reduced the ground water
contamination at the site. This first operable unit pri-
marily addressed the source contamination and in-
cludes minimal modifications to the aquifer restoration
system. Further ground water remediation will be ad-
dressed in a subsequent Record of Decision. The pri-
mary contaminants of concern affecting the soil, sedi-
ment, and sludge are VOCs including benzene and tol-
uene, other organics, and metals including arsenic.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, Cost analy-
sis, Arsenic, Water pollution, Public health, Solid waste
disposal, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial actions.
Volatile	organic	compounds,
Concord(Massachusetts), Soil contamination.
PB90-183585/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Proximity of Delaware Sanitary Landfills to Wet-
lands and Deepwater Habitats: Statewide Results.
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Biomedi-
cal and Toxicological Research and Hazardous Waste
Management.
R. L Gebhard, R. C. Herndon, J. E. Moerlins, and V. W.
Lambou. Nov 89,32p EPA/600/4-89/045A
Grant EPA-R-815139010
Prepared In cooperation with National Wetlands Inven-
tory, St. Petersburg, FL. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Sanitary landfills can cause considerable harm to sen-
sitive ecosystems if they are not properly located, de-
signed, and managed. The purpose of the report is to
document the proximity of sanitary landfills included in
the study In Delaware to wetlands and deepwater habi-
tats (i.e., rivers, lakes, streams, bays, etc.). The sani-
tary landfills were identified on U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service's National Wetlands Inventory maps. The data
on individual landfills include: (1) general facility/site
data, and (2) wetlands/deepwater habitat data. These
facilities have the potential to adversely affect sensi-
tive ecosystems, such as wetlands and deepwater
habitats, either through habitat alterations or through
the migration of contaminants from sanitary landfills.
Keywords: 'Sanitary engineering, 'Earth fills, 'Waste
disposal, 'Delaware, Sites, Deep water, Inventories,
Maps, Rivers, Lakes, Distance, Marshes, Swamps,
Ecosystems, Habitats, 'Wetlands.
PB90-163643/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Comprehensive Report on the KPEQ (Potassium
Polyethylene Qiycolate) Process lor Treating
Chlorinated Wastes.
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
M. L. Taylor, J. A. Wentz, M. A. Dosani, W. Gallagher,
and J. S. Greber. Jan 90,136p EPA/600/2-90/005
Contract EPA-68-03-3413
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab., and Civil
Engineering Lab. (Navy), Port Hueneme, CA.
The comprehensive report describes the work per-
formed in several laboratories toward the development
of the alkali metal polyethylene glycolate (APEG)
chemical dechlorination technology. The equipment
and operational procedures implemented in various
studies (ranging in scope from laboratory scale to full
scale) are described and the results obtained are pre-
sented. Much of the work described herein was funded
by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Risk
Reduction Engineering Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH.
The initial laboratory studies that were performed fo-
cused on treatment of oils that were contaminated with
PCBs as well as closely related compounds, including
polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and poly-
chlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs). Laboratory-scale
studies involving PCB-, PCDD-, and PCDF-contaminat-
ed soils were performed during the early to mid-1980s;
the results of these studies led to the design and im-
plementation of drum and pilot-scale versions of the
APEG process. The report provides the potential users
of the APEG process with information that can be used
to assess which version of the APEG process is best
suited for implementation at a particular site.
Keywords: 'Insulating oils, 'Dechlorination, Site sur-
veys, Alkali metals, Experimental design, Pilot plants,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Biodeteriora-
tion, Soil chemistry. Soil microbiology, 'Comprehen-
sive planning, 'Polyethylene glycolic acid/(potassium-
salt), 'Land pollution control, 'Working fluids, 'Liquid
waste disposal, Cleanup operations, Polychlorinated
biphenyls, Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, Case stud-
ies, Environmental persistence, Polychlorinated diben-
zofurans, Polyethylene glycolate.
PB90-164047/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Bloremediatlon of Contaminated Surface Soils.
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
J. L. Sims, R. C. Sims, and J. E. Matthews. Aug 89,28p
EPA/600/9-89/073
Prepared in cooperation with Dynamac Corp., Ada,
OK., and Utah State Univ., Logan.
Biological processes, including microbial degradation,
have been identified as critical mechanisms for attenu-
ating organic contaminants during transit through the
vadose zone to the groundwater. On-site soil remedial
measures using biological processes can reduce or
eliminate groundwater contamination, thus reducing
the need for extensive groundwater monitoring and
treatment requirements. On-site remedial systems that
utilize the soil as the treatment system accomplish
treatment by using naturally occurring microorganisms
to treat the contaminants, treatment often may be en-
hanced by a variety of physical/chemical methods,
such as fertilization, tilling, soil pH adjustment, mois-
ture control, etc. The development of a bioremediation
program for a specific contaminated soil system in-
cludes: (1) a thorough site/soil/waste characteriza-
tion; (2) treatability studies; and (3) design and imple-
mentation of the bioremediation plan. Biological reme-
diation of soils contaminated with organic chemicals
has been demonstrated to be an alternative treatment
technology that can often meet the goal of achieving a
permanent clean-up remedy at hazardous waste sites.
Keywords: 'Soils, 'Microorganisms control(Water),
'Water pollution control, Ground water, Contamina-
tion, Monitoring, Fertilizing, Cultivation, pH, Soil water,
Organic compounds, Waste treatment, Clean up.
PB90-164054/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Municipal Waste Combustion Assessment Fluld-
ized Bed Combustion. Final rept. Oct 88-Jul 89.
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Durham,
NC.
L. P. Nelson. Jul 89,49p EPA/600/B-89/061
Contract EPA-68-03-3365
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report documents the results of an assessment of
fluidized bed combustors (FBCs) to minimize air emis-
sions from municipal waste combustors (MWCs). Ob-
jectives of the assessment were to identify the popula-
tion of existing and planned refuse fired FBC facilities
in the U.S., examine the design characteristics and op-
erating practices employed, define representative
model plants, and develop recommendations for im-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
plementing good combustion practices (GCPs) for the
control of organic emissions from FBCs. The report
describes the FBC configurations currently used and
projected for use in refuse firing applications. It gives
operating and emissions data for the two existing U.S.
facilities and one Swedish circulating bed plant.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Pollution control,
"Municipalities, "Fluidized bed processors, Design cri-
teria, Operations, Combustion, Air pollution, Models,
Recommendations, Facilities, Populations, Carbon di-
oxide, Diagrams.
PB90-164526/HSU	PC A18/MF A03
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Evaluation of the RADM (Regional Add Deposi-
tion Modal) Gas-Phase Chemical Mechanism. Final
rept. Sep 87-Jan 89.
California Univ., Riverside. Statewide Air Pollution Re-
search Center.
W. P. L. Carter, and F. W. Lurmann. Feb 90,408p*
EPA/600/3-90/001
Prepared in cooperation with Lurmann and Associates,
Santa Barbara, CA. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmos-
pheric Research and Exposure Assessment Lab.
Results are presented of a program to independently
evaluate the gas phase mechanism developed for use
in the second version of the Regional Acid Deposition
Model (RADM-II). The RADM mechanism was tested
by comparing predictions against results of over 550
environmental chamber experiments carried out at the
University of California at Riverside and at the Univer-
sity of North Carolina. Statistical summaries of the
overall results and results for individual experiments
are presented and discussed. A series of 90 test prob-
lems for use in sensitivity calculations to assess ef-
fects of alternative assumptions for gas-phase mecha-
nisms used in regional models was also developed
and used to test several condensation approaches for
the RADM mechanism. As a result of the evaluation
against chamber data and the sensitivity test calcula-
tions, recommendations were made tor modifications
to the RADM mechanism. Two modified RADM mech-
anisms, one involving primarily changes in parameter
values and one where more extensive changes and
use of fewer model species are involved, were devel-
oped. These modified mechanisms and their perform-
ance in simulating the chamber data and the sensitivity
test problems are discussed.
Keywords: "Vapor phases, "Computerized simulation,
"Air pollution control, "Acidification, Chamber tests,
Experimental design, Comparison, Performance eval-
uation, Sources, Phase transformations, Revisions,
Organic compounds, Reaction kinetics, Substitutes,
•Chemical reaction mechanisms, "Regional acid dep-
osition models, "Atmospheric chemistry, Regional
analysis, State of the art, Acid rain, Volatile organic
compounds.
PB90-164534/HSU	PC A09/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Reconnaissance Survey of Environmental Condi-
tions In 13 Puget Sound Locations, 1988. Puget
Sound Eatuary Program.
Battelle Ocean Sciences, Duxbury, MA.
E. A. Crecelius, 0. L. Woodruff, and M. S. Myers. Apr
89,198p EPA/910/9-89/005
Contract EPA-68-03-3319
Prepared in cooperation with National Marine Fisher-
ies Service, Seattle, WA. Northwest and Alaska Fish-
eries Center. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Seattle, WA. Region X.
In the spring of 1988 a reconnaissance survey in non-
urban bays and areas of Puget Sound was conducted.
The objective was to characterize sediment quality,
fish tissue chemistry, and fish disease to identify po-
tential contamination problems in these areas. The
survey focused on four bays (Dyes Inlet, Gig Harbor,
Port Angeles Harbor, and Oak Harbor) which have not
been examined extensively for contamination prob-
lems but which may be affected by contamination from
local industry, marinas, sewage outfalls and military
bases. Fish were also collected from nine additional
areas for chemical analyses. The survey indicated the
health of the areas sampled in Puget Sound was good.
In the four non-urban bays where sediments were
tested for chemicals, generally low concentrations
were detected although anthropogenic sources cause
contamination in these bays to be elevated compared
to rural reference bays. A survey for 20 pesticides that
are in current use in the Puget Sound area indicated
that a few were detected at low levels in some loca-
tions.
Keywords: "Puget Sound, *Bays(Topographic fea-
tures), "Environmental surveys, "Sediments, Recon-
naissance, Sites, Industrial wastes, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Public health, Food
chains, Pesticides, Fishes, Outfall sewers, Sewage
disposal, "Water pollution sampling, "Water pollution
effects(Animals), Sediment-water interfaces.
PB90-164831/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Annual Report on Performance Audit Results for
POHC (Principal Organic Hazardous Constituents)
Tasting during RCRA (Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act) Trial Burns, Status Report No.
2.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. K. M. Jayanty, S. B. Tompkins, V. R. Bryant, and G.
B. Howe. Dec 89, 68p EPA/600/3-90/006
Contract EPA-6B-02-4550
See also PB89-161970. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Lab.
Audit materials containing Principal Organic Hazard-
ous Constituents (POHSc) have been developed by
AREAL for use by federal, state, and local agencies or
their contractors to assess the accuracy of measure-
ment methods during Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act (RCRA) trial burn tests. Audit materials are
currently available for 27 gaseous organics in 5, 6, 7,
and 9 component mixtures at parts-per-billion levels (7
to 10,000 ppb) in compressed gas cylinders in a bal-
ance gas of nitrogen. The criteria used for the selec-
tion of gaseous organic compounds is described. Sta-
bility studies indicate that all of the organics tested
(with the exception of ethylene oxide and propylene
oxide below 10 ppb levels) are stable enough to be
used as reliable audit materials. Subsequent to com-
pletion of the stability studies, 202 performance audits
have been initiated with the audit materials to assess
the accuracy of the Volatile Organic Sampling Training
and bag measurement methods during or prior to
RCRA trial burn tests. Results of those audits and a
summary table of the audit conducted for each POHC
and the measurement system audited is described in
the report. Audit results obtained with the audit bases
during or prior to RCRA trial burn tests are generally
within + or - 50% of the audit concentrations.
Keywords'. "Hazardous materials, "Auditing, "Organic
compounds, "Waste disposal, Performance evalua-
tion, State government, Local government, Stability,
Gas	analysis,	Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Error analysis, "Air pollu-
tion standards, "Air pollution detection, *Air pollution
sampling, "Volatile organic sampling trains, "Inciner-
ation, Volatile organic compounds.
PB90-164849/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Proximity of Washington Sanitary Landfills to
Wetlands and Oeepwater Habitats: Statewide Re-
sults.
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Biomedi-
cal and Toxicological Research and Hazardous Waste
Management.
J. E. Moerlins, R. C. Herndon, V. W. Lambou, and R. L.
Gebhard. Feb 90,33p EPA/600/4-89/042A
Grant EPA-R-815139
See also PB90-164856. Prepared in cooperation with
National Wetlands Inventory, St. Petersburg, FL.
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Sanitary landfills can cause considerable harm to sen-
sitive ecosystems If they are not property located, de-
signed, and managed. The purpose of the reports are
to summarize the proximity of sanitary landfills in
Washington to wetlands and deepwater habitats (i.e.,
rivers, lakes, streams, bays, etc.) and present data on
the individual landfills. The sanitary landfills were iden-
tified on U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Wet-
lands Inventory maps. These facilities have the poten-
tial to adversely affect sensitive ecosystems, such as
wetlands and deepwater habitats, either through habi-
tat alterations or through the migration of contami-
nants from sanitary landfills.
Keywords: "Sanitary engineering, "Earth fills, "Water
pollution, Waste disposal, Deep water, Rivers, Lakes,
Streams, Bays(Topographic features), Environmental
transport, "Wetlands, Ecosystems.
PB90-184856/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Proximity of Washington Sanitary Landfills to
Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats. Data on Indi-
vidual Landfills.
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Biomedi-
cal and Toxicological Research and Hazardous Waste
Management.
J. E. Moerlins, R. C. Herndon, V. W. Lambou, and R. L.
Gebhard. Feb 90,33p EPA/600/4-89/042B
Grant EPA-R-815139
See also PB90-164849. Prepared in cooperation with
National Wetlands Inventory, St. Petersburg, FL.
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Sanitary landfills can cause considerable harm to sen-
sitive ecosystems it they are not properly located, de-
signed, and managed. The purpose of the report is to
document the proximity of sanitary landfills included in
the study in Washington to wetlands and deepwater
habitats, (i.e., rivers, lakes, streams, bays, etc.). The
sanitary landfills were identified on U.S. Fish and Wild-
life Service's National Wetlands Inventory maps. The
nearness or proximity of the sanitary landfills to wet-
lands and deepwater habitats was determined by
drawing three concentric regions around the point rep-
resenting the location of each landfill. The radii of the
concentric regions were: 1/4 mile, 1/2 mile, and 1
mile. The data on individual landfills include: (1) gener-
al facility/site data, and (2) wetlands/deepwater habi-
tat data. These facilities have the potential to adverse-
ly affect sensitive ecosystems.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, "Sanitary engineering,
"Earth fills, "Washington(State), Site surveys, Deep
water, Facilities, Environmental impacts, Water pollu-
tion, Maps, Rivers, Estuaries, Construction, 'Wet-
lands, Habitats, Ecosystems, 'Path of pollutants.
PB9O-164930/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Available Disposal Capacity for Solid Waste In Illi-
nois: Third Annual Report.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Land Pollution Control.
Dec 89,118p IEPA/LPC-89/902
See also PB89-134761.
Under the Illinois Solid Waste Management Act, IEPA
is required to publish an annual report on the remain-
ing landfill capacity in Illinois. It is the third annual
report published by the IEPA. It details data on vol-
umes of waste accepted at landfills in each county, as
well as the reported remaining landfill capacity by
county and region.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, "Earth fills, 'Illinois,
Refuse, Capacity, Volume, Area, Industrial wastes
Residential buildings, Tables(Data), Availability, Coun-
ties, Recycling, Ownership.
PB90-165556/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas
NV.
Proximity of New Jersey Sanitary Landfill* to
Wetland* and Deepwater Habitats: Statewide Re-
sults.
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Biomedi-
cal and Toxicological Research and Hazardous Waste
Management.
R. C. Herndon, J. E. Moerlins, V. W. Lambou, and R L.
Gebhard. Feb 90, 33p EPA/600/4-89/040A
Grant EPA-R-815139010
See also PB90-165564. Prepared in cooperation with
National Wetlands Inventory, St. Petersburg, pi
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Sanitary landfills can cause considerable harm to Mn-
sitive ecosystems if they are not properly located, de-
signed, and managed. The purpose of the reports are
to summarize the proximity of sanitary landfills in n**
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Jersey to wetlands and deepwater habitats (i.e., rivers,
lakes, streams, bays, etc.) and present data on the in-
dividual landfills. Most sanitary landfills in New Jersey
are located in or are close to either wetlands or deep-
water habitats. All are located close to wetlands while
more than half are close to deepwater habitats.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, "Sanitary engineering, 'Waste
disposal, Sites, Deep water, Sewage, Industrial
wastes, Lakes, Streams, Bays(Topographic features),
Distance, Graphs(Charts), New Jersey, 'Wetlands,
Ecosystems.
PB90-165564/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Proximity of New Jersey Sanitary Landfills to
Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats: Data on Indi-
vidual Landfills.
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Biomedi-
cal and Toxicological Research and Hazardous Waste
Management.
R. C. Herndon, J. E. Moerlins, V. W. Lambou, and R. L.
Gebhard. Feb 90,26p EPA/600/4-69/040B
Grant EPA-R-815139010
See also PB90-165556. Prepared in cooperation with
National Wetlands Inventory, St. Petersburg, FL.
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Sanitary landfills can cause considerable harm to sen-
sitive ecosystems if they are not properly located, de-
Signed, and managed. The purpose of the report is to
document the proximity of sanitary landfills included in
the study in New Jersey to wetlands and deepwater
habitats (i.e., rivers, lakes, streams, bays, etc.). The
sanitary landfills were identified on U.S. Fish and Wild-
life Service's National Wetlands Inventory maps. The
data on individual landfills include: (1) general facility/
site data, and (2) wetlands/deepwater habitat data.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Sanitary engineering, 'Waste
disposal, Sites, Distance, Sewage, Industrial wastes,
Streams, Bays(Topographic features), Deep water,
New Jersey, 'Wetlands, Ecosystems, Listings.
PBOO-165878/HSU	PC A89/MF E06
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Reporting of Selected EPA (Environmental Pro-
tection Agency)-Sponsored Form EIA-767 Data
for 1985-1987. Documentation. Final rept. Aug 89-
Oct 89.
Pechan (E.H.) and Associates, Inc., Springfield, VA.
NOV 89,873p EPA/600/7-89/014A,, EPA/DF/MT-
90/018A
Contract EPA-68-02-4271, EPA-68-D9-0168
For system on magnetic tape, see PB90-501339. Pre-
pared in cooperation with National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program, Washington, DC. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report is a compilation of 1985-87 data based on
the Energy Information Administration's (EIA) Form
767, 'Steam-Electric Plant Operation and Design
Report,' an annual data collection form whose major
output to date has been an annual data tape which is
released to the public through the National Technical
Information Sen/ice (NTIS). The one-page-per-plant
report includes a variety of information extracted from
various parts of Form EIA-767. For each applicable
plant, several categories of information were extracted
including: plant ownership, identification, and location;
boiler design characteristics; pollution control equip-
ment design characteristics; and fossil fuels consumed
and their quality for 1985,1986, and 1987.
Keywords: 'Data processing, 'Electric power plants,
'Pollution control, Steam electric power generation,
Boilers, Design criteria, Fossil fuels, Fuel consumption,
Quality, Sites, Operations, United States.
PB90-168117/HSU	PC E99/MF E99
Proposed Beat Demonstrated Available Technolo-
gy (BOAT) (26 Volumes).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Nov 89,1843p-in 26v
Set includes PB80-166125 through PB90-166372.
No abstract available.
PB90-166125/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Proposed Best Demonstrated Available Technolo-
gy (BDAT) Background Document for K031, K084,
K101, K102, Characteristic Arsenic Wastes (D004),
Characteristic Selenium Wastes (D010), and P and
U Wastes Containing Arsenic and Selenium List-
ing Constltutents. Volume 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L. Rosengrant, and R. Craig. Nov 89,105p EPA-530/
SW-90/011A
See also Volume 2, PB90-166133 and PB89-142459.
Also available in set of 26 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166117.
The background document presents the technical sup-
port and rationale for developing regulatory standards
for K031, K084, K101, K102, D004, D010 and P and U
wastes. Section 1 presents available data regarding
the industries affected by the land disposal restriction,
brief descriptions of the waste-generating processes,
and waste characterization data. Section 2 discusses
the technologies used to treat the wastes; Section 3
presents available treatment performance data; Sec-
tion explains EPA's determination of BDAT; Section 5
discusses the selection of constituents to be regulat-
ed; and Section 6 determines the proposed treatment
standards.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Waste disposal,
'Water pollution, 'Hazardous materials, Performance
evaluation, High temperature tests, Pesticides, Wood
preservatives, Veterinary medicine, Chemical industry,
Site surveys, Numerical analyses, 'Waste manage-
ment, 'Best technology, "Pollution regulations, "Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act, "Standards
compliance, 'Arsenic compounds, 'Selenium com-
pounds, Technology utilization, Land disposal, US
EPA.
PB90-166133/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Proposed Best Demonstrated Available Technolo-
gy (BDAT) Background Document for Character-
istic Ignitable Wastes (D001), Characteristic Cor-
rosive Wastes (D002), Characteristic Reactive
Wastes (D003), and P and U Wastes Containing
Reactive Listing Constituents. Volume 2.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L. Rosengrant, and R. Craig. Nov 89,177p EPA-530/
SW-90/011B
See also Volume 1, PB90-166125 and Volume 3,
PB90-166141.
Also available in set of 26 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166117.
The background document presents the technical sup-
port for selecting and developing the treatment stand-
ards for D001, DO02, D003 and P and U wastes con-
taining reactive listing constituents. Section 1 presents
waste-specific information such as the waste-generat-
ing processes and waste characterization. Section 2
describes the industries that will be affected by the
land disposal restrictions for the specific characteristic
waste; Section 3 discusses the applicable technol-
ogies that can be used to treat the waste; and Section
4identifiesthe BDAT.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Waste disposal, 'Haz-
ardous materials, "Water pollution. Performance eval-
uation, Ignition, Corrosion, Chemical reactions, Com-
pression ignition, Metals, Hydrazines, Industrial
wastes, Site surveys, "Best technology, "Waste man-
agement, 'Pollution regulations, 'Standards compli-
ance, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, In-
cineration, Land disposal, US EPA, Technology utiliza-
tion, Fluorine compounds.
PB90-188141/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Proposed Best Demonstrated Available Technolo-
gy (BDAT) Addendum to the Background Docu-
ment for K015. Volume 3.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L. Rosengrant, and L. Jones. Nov 89,31 p EPA-530/
SW-90/011C
See also Volume 2, PB0O-166133, Volume 4, PB90-
166158 and PB89-142350.
Also available in set of 26 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-186117.
The background document provides the Agency's ra-
tionale and technical support for selecting the constitu-
ents to be regulated in K015 nonwastewatere and for
developing proposed BDAT treatment standards for
those regulated constituents. Treatment standards for
K015 wastewaters were originally promulgated as part
of the 1st 3rds. The document is an addendum to the
supporting BDAT background document for K015
dated August 1988. The addendum reflects only revi-
sions pertaining to K015 nonwastewater standards de-
velopment.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, "Waste disposal, "Haz-
ardous materials, Metals, Chromium, Nickel, Perform-
ance evaluation, Design criteria, Site surveys, "Waste
management, "Best technology, "Pollution regula-
tions, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
"Standards compliance, Volatile organic compounds,
US EPA, Technology utilization, Incineration.
PB90-166158/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Proposed Best Demonstrated Available Technolo-
gy (BDAT) Background Document for K073.
Volume 4.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L. Rosengrant, and E. Eby. Nov 89,71 p EPA-530/SW-
90/011D
See also Volume 3, PB90-166141 and Volume 5,
PB90-166166.
Also available in set of 26 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166117.
The background document provides the Agency's
technical support for selecting and developing the pro-
posed treatment standards for the constituents to be
regulated in K073 waste. The document explains how
EPA determines BDAT, selects constituents for regu-
lation and calculates treatment standards. Section 2
presents waste-specific information-the number and
location of facilities affected by the land disposal re-
strictions, the waste-generating process, and waste
characterization data. Section 3 discusses the tech-
nologies used to treat the waste (or similar wastes),
and Section 4 presents available performance data, in-
cluding data on which the proposed treatment stand-
ards are based. Section 5 explains EPA's determina-
tion of BDAT, while Section 6 discusses the selection
of constituents to be regulated. The treatment stand-
ards are determined in Section 7.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, "Waste disposal, 'Chlo-
rine organic compounds, 'Water pollution, 'Hazard-
ous materials. Performance evaluation, Numerical
analysis, Site surveys, Design criteria, Chlorine, Chem-
ical industry, Industrial wastes, 'Waste management,
'Best technology, 'Pollution regulations, 'Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act, 'Standards compli-
ance, Land disposal, US EPA, Technology utilization,
SIC 2812.
PB90-166168/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Proposed Best Demonstrated Available Technolo-
gy (BDAT) Background Document for K021.
Volume 5.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L. Rosengrant, and E. Eby. Nov 89,79p EPA-530/SW-
90/011E
See also Volume 4, PB90-166158 and Volume 6,
PB90-166174.
Also available in set of 26 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166117.
The document explains how EPA determines BDAT,
selects constituents for regulation, and calculates
treatment standards. Section 2 presents waste-specif-
ic information-the number and location of facilities af-
fected by the land disposal restrictions, the waste-gen;
erating process, and waste characterization data. Sec-
tion 3 discusses the technologies used to treat the
waste (or similar wastes), and Section 4 presents
available performance data, including data on which
the proposed treatment standards are based. Section
5 explains EPA's determination of BDAT, while Sec-
tion 6 discusses the selection of constituents to be
regulated. The treatment standards are determined in
Section 7.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Waste disposal, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Water pollution, Fluorohydrocar-
bons. Refrigerants, Performance evaluation, Design
criteria, TablesfData), 'Best technology, 'Waste man-
agement, 'Pollution regulations, 'Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act, 'Standards compliance,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
"Freons, Technology utilization, Land disposal, SIC
2869, US EPA.
PB90-166174/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Proposed Best Demonstrated Available Technolo-
gy (BDAT) Background Document for K086 (Ink
Formulation Equipment Cleaning Wastes) (Adden-
dum). Volume 6.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
J. Labiosa. Nov 89,37p EPA-530/SW-90/011F
See also Volume 5, PB80-166166, Volume 7, PB90-
166182 and PB89-142483.
Also available in set of 26 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166117.
The background document presents the additional
data and analyses that are the support for the pro-
posed K086 treatment standards. The background
document is an addendum to the August 1988 back-
ground document for K086 solvent wash.
Keywords'. "Waste treatment, 'Waste disposal, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Solvents, 'Water pollution, Wash-
ing, Sludges, Performance evaluation, Industrial
wastes, Metals, Cyanides, Inks, 'Best technology,
'Waste management, 'Pollution regulations, 'Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act, 'Standards
compliance, US EPA, Technology utilization, Volatile
organic compounds.
PB90-166182/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Proposed Best Demonstrated Available Technolo-
gy (BDAT) Background Document for K060.
Volume 7.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L Rosengrant, and M. Chatmon-McEaddy. Nov 89,
57p EPA-530/SW-90/011G
See also Volume 6, PB90-166174 and Volume 8,
PB90-166190.
Also available in set of 26 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166117.
The background document provides the Agency's
technical support and rationale for selecting and de-
veloping the proposed treatment standards for the
constituents to be regulated in K060 waste. The docu-
ment explains how EPA determines BDAT, selects
constituents for regulation, and calculates treatment
standards. Section 2 presents waste-specific informa-
tion-the number and location of facilities affected by
the land disposal restrictions, the waste-generating
process, and waste characterization data. Section 3
discusses the technologies used to treat the waste (or
similar wastes), and Section 4 presents available per-
formance data, including data on which the proposed
treatment standards are based. Section 5 explains
EPA's determination of BDAT, white Section 6 dis-
cusses the selection of constituents to be regulated.
The treatment standards are determined in Section 7.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Waste disposal, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Water pollution, 'Organic com-
pounds, 'Cyanides, Performance evaluation, Industrial
wastes, Design criteria, Iron and steel industry, Coking,
'Best technology, 'Waste management, 'Pollution
regulations, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act, 'Standards compliance, US EPA, Technology uti-
lization, SIC 3312, Land disposal, Volatile organic
compounds.
list metal constituents that are regulated in K061 non-
wastewaters.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Waste disposal, 'Haz-
ardous materials, "Zinc, 'Water pollution. Iron and
steel industry, Industrial wastes, Performance evalua-
tion, Metals, Dewatering, Tables(Data), Design criteria,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Reduction, 'Best technolo-
gy, 'Waste management, 'Pollution regulations, 'Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act, 'Standards
compliance, US EPA, Technology utilization.
PB90-166208/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Proposed Best Demonstrated Available Technolo-
gy (BOAT) Background Document for K046 (Ad-
dendum). Volume 9.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
M. Chatmon-McEaddy. Nov 89, 51 p EPA-530/SW-90/
0111
See also Volume 8, PB90-166190, Volume 10, PB90-
166216 and PB89-142442.
Also available in set of 26 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166117.
The background document, a proposed addendum to
the 1988 background document, provides technical
support for the treatment standards being proposed
for K046 nonwastewaters in the reactive subcategory
and for all K046 wastewaters. Wastewaters are gener-
ally defined as wastes containing less than 1 % (weight
basis) total suspended solids and less than 1 % total
organic carbon. Wastes not meeting this definition are
considered nonwastewaters.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Waste disposal, * Haz-
ardous materials, 'Water pollution, 'Explosives, Per-
formance evaluation, Industrial wastes, Design criteria,
Lead(Metal), Chemical reactions, Metals, 'Best tech-
nology, 'Waste management, 'Pollution regulations,
'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, "Stand-
ards compliance, SIC 2892, Land disposal, US EPA,
Technology utilization.
PB90-166216/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Treatment Standards for K069 Nonwastewaters In
the Calcium Sulfate Subcategory and Wastewater
Forms of K069. Volume 10.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
M. Chatmon-McEaddy. 8 Nov 89,30p EPA-530/SW-
90/011J
See also Volume 9, PB90-166208 and Volume 11,
PB90-166224. Prepared in cooperation with Versar,
Inc., Springfield, VA.
Also available in set of 26 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166117.
The memorandum presents the technical support and
rationale for the development of treatment standards
for K069 nonwastewaters in the Calcium Sulfate Sub-
category and wastewater forms of K069.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Waste disposal, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Water pollution, 'Air pollution con-
trol, 'Calcium sulfates, Sludge disposal, Scrubbers,
Performance evaluation, Metals, Tables(Data),
Precipitation(Chemistry), 'Best technology, 'Waste
management, "Pollution regulations, 'Resource Con-
servation and Recovery Act, 'Standards compliance,
US EPA, Technology utilization.
PB90-166190/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pr°P°*®i,B®»t Demonstrated Available Technolo-
gy (BDAT) Background Document for K061 (Ad-
dendum). Volume 8.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Solid Waste.
M. Chatmon-McEaddy. Nov 89,40p EPA-530/SW-90/
011H
See also Volume 7, PB90-166182 and Volume 9
PB90-166208.
Also available in set of 26 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166117.
The background document presents the technical sup-
port and rationale for the development of treatment
standards for K061 wastewaters. The document is
issued as an addendum to the August 1988 back-
ground document tor K061, which accompanied the
rulemaking for nonwastewater forms of K061. The
Agency is proposing to regulate the same four BDAT
1502 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB90-166224/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Treatment Standards for Nonwastewater and
Waste water Forms ot K100.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
M. Chatmon-McEaddy. 8 Nov 89,29p EPA-530/SW-
90/011K
See also Volume 10, PB90-166216 and Volume 12,
PB90-166232.
Also available in set of 26 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166117.
ing, Sludge disposal, Lead(Metal),
Precipitation(Chemistry), Performance evaluation,
Metals, Design criteria, Tables(Data), Dewatering,
'Best technology, 'Waste management, 'Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act, 'Pollution regula-
tions, "Standards compliance, US EPA, Technology
utilization, Land disposal.
PB90-166232/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Proposed Best Demonstrated Available Technolo-
gy (BDAT) Background Document for F006 (Ad-
dendum). Volume 12.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
M. Chatmon-McEaddy. Nov 89,61 p EPA-530/SW-90/
011L
See also Volume 11, PB90-166224, Volume 13, PB90-
166240 and PB89-142467.
Also available in set of 26 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166117.
The document provides the Agency's rationale and
technical support for selecting constituents to be regu-
lated in F006 wastewaters and for developing pro-
posed treatments standards for those regulated con-
stituents. The document is an addendum to the sup-
porting Best Demonstrated Available Technology
background documents for FD06 nonwastewaters.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, 'Waste disposal, "Haz-
ardous materials, 'Water pollution, 'Electroplating,
'Metal finishing, Industrial wastes, Performance evd-
uation, Metals, Cyanides, Numerical analysis. Data
processing, Precipitation(Chemistry), Dewatering, Re-
duction, Oxidation, 'Best technology, "Waste man-
agement, 'Pollution regulations, 'ResourceConserva-
tion and Recovery Act, 'Standards compliance, US
EPA, Technology utilization.
PB90-168240/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Proposed Addendum for F019 to the BOAT Back-
ground Document lor Cyanide Wastes. Volume
13.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office ot Solid Waste.
L. Rosengrant. Nov 89,53p EPA-530/SW-90/011M
See also volume 12, PB90-166232, Volume 14, PB90-
166257 and PB89-22148S.
Also available in Bet of 26 reports PC E99/MF E99
PB90-166117.
The background document provides the Agency's ra-
tionale and technical support tor selecting the constitu-
ents regulated in F019 nonwastewaters and
wastewaters and for developing proposed Best Dem-
onstrated Available Technology (BDAT) standards for
those regulated constituents. The document is an ad-
dendum to the support 8DAT background document
for cyanide wastes (F006-F012), June 1989.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, "Waste disposal, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Water pollution, "Electroplating
'Metal industry, Cyanides, Heat treatment. Chromium'
Oxidation, Sludge, Metal coatings, Tables(Data), Re!
duction, Preclpitatfon(Chemistry), Filtration, Perform-
ance evaluation, "Best technology, "Waate manage-
ment, "Pollution regulations, "Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act, 'Standards compliance, Wet meth-
ods, US EPA, Technology utilization, SIC 3000.
PB90-166Z57/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Proposed Best Demonstrated Available Technolo-
gy (BDAT) Background Document for K011, kqm
and K014 (Addendum). Volume 14.	^
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC
Office of Solid Waste.
M. Chatman-McEaddy. Nov 89,49p EPA-530/SW-80/
011N
See also Volume 13, PB90-166240, Volume 15, PB90-
166265 and PB89-139646.
Also available in set of 26 reports PC E99/MF EOS
PB90-166117.
The memorandum presents the technical support and
rationale tor the development of treatment standards
for nonwastewater and wastewater forms of K100.
Waste code K100 is listed as waste leaching solution
from acid leaching of emission control dust/sludge
from secondary lead smelting.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, "Waste disposal, "Haz-
ardous materials, 'Smelting, 'Water pollution, Leach-
The document presents the technical support and ra-
tionale tor the development ol treatment standards for
K011/K013/K014 wastewaters. Treatment standards
for nonwastewater forms of K011/K013/K014 wore
promulgated in the 2nd 3rds Final Rulemaking on June
on 1 ana Th« Hnrumant is An aririAnrtum 1a (Ka u,	
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
late the same five BDAT list constituents that are regu-
lated in K011/K013/K014 nonwastewaters. These
standards are based on the treatment performance of
wet air oxidation.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, "Waste disposal, •Haz-
ardous materials, 'Oxidation, 'Water pollution, Per-
formance evaluation, Acetonitrile, Acrylonitriles, Indus-
trial wastes, Benzene, Cyanides, Tables(Data), Nu-
merical analysis, 'Best technology, 'Waste manage-
ment, 'Pollution regulations, 'Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act, 'Standards compliance, US EPA,
Technology utilization, Wet methods, Acrylamides,
Land disposal.
PB90-166265/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Proposed Best Demonstrated Available Technolo-
gy (BDAT) Background Document Amendment for
F002 (1, I. 2-Trlchloroethane) and F005 (Benzene,
2-Ethoxyethanol, and 2-Nltropropane). Volume 15.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
J. Labiosa. Nov 89, 57p EPA-530/SW-90/0110
See also Volume 14, PB90-166257 and Volume 16,
PB90-166273.
Also available in set of 26 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166117.
The background document presents the data and ra-
tionale for the development of treatment standards for
1 1,2-trichloroethane (F002), benzene (F005), 2-eth-
oxyethanol (F005), and 2-nitropropane (F005). The
document is Issued as an amendment to the Novem-
ber 1986 background document for F001-F005 spent
solvents. The proposed treatment standards for 1,1,2-
trichloroethane (F002), benzene (F005), 2-ethoxyeth-
anol (F005), and 2-nitropropane (F005) are presented
in the document. The technologies used as the basis
for BDAT are presented in Section 3 and the treatment
data used to develop specific performance levels are
presented in Section 4. In Section S the BDAT is se-
lected for each solvent. Section 6 contains calculation
of treatment standards for each solvent.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Waste disposal, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Solvents, Performance evaluation,
Industrial wastes, Benzene, Tables(Data), Numerical
analysis, 'Best technology, 'Waste management,
•pollution regulations, 'Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act, 'Standards compliance, US EPA, Tech-
nology utilization, Land disposal, Propane/nitro,
Ethane/trichloro, Ethanol/ethoxy.
PBM-166273/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
proposed Beat Demonstrated Available Technolo-
gy (BDAT) Background Document for Mercury
Wastes. Volume 16.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L Rosengrant, and J. Labiosa. Nov 89,155p EPA-
53O/SW-90/011P
See also Volume 15, PB90-166265 and Volume 17,
PB90-166281.
Also available in set of 26 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166117.
The background document presents the Agency's ra-
tionale and technical support for developing regulatory
treatment standards for mercury-containing wastes.
Section 2 describes the industries affected by regula-
tion of these wastes, explains the processes generat-
ina these wastes, and presents available waste char-
acterization data. Section 3 specifies the applicable
and demonstrated treatment technologies for these
wastes. Section 4 contains performance data for the
demonstrated technologies, and Section 5 analyzes
these performance data to determine BDAT for each
waste. Section 6 presents the rationale for selection of
regulated constituents, and Section 7 presents the
proposed BDAT treatment standards for the regulated
constituents selected for each waste.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Waste disposal, *Haz-
arcfous materials, 'Water pollution, 'Mercuiy(Metal),
Performance evaluation, Industrial wastes, Numerical
analysis Electric batteries, Chlorine, Fungicides, Bac-
tericides. 'Best technology, 'Waste management,
'Pollution regulations, 'Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act. 'Standards Compliance, 'Mercury
compounds, US EPA, Technology utilization, Land dis-
posal, Incineration.
PB90-166281/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Proposed Best Demonstrated Available Technolo-
gy (BDAT) Background Document for P and U
Thallium Wastes. Volume 17.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L. Rosengrant, and M. Chatmon-McEaddy. Nov 89,
30p EPA-530/SW-90/011Q
See also Volume 16, PB90-166273 and Volume 18,
PB90-166299.
Also available in set of 26 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166117.
The background document presents the Agency's
technical support and rationale for developing regula-
tory standards for thallium-containing wastes. Section
2	presents the number and location of facilities affect-
ed by the land disposal restrictions, the waste-generat-
ing process, and waste characterization data. Section
3	discusses the technologies used to treat the waste
(or similar wastes), and Section 4 presents available
performance data, including data on which treatment
standards are based. Section 5 explains EPA's deter-
mination of BDAT, while Section 6 discusses the se-
lection of constituents to be regulated. Proposed treat-
ment standards are determined in Section 7.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Waste disposal, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Thallium inorganic compounds,
'Water pollution, Performance evaluation, Industrial
wastes, Design criteria, Optical materials, Inorganic
salts, Chemical industry, 'Best technology, 'Waste
management, 'Pollution regulations, 'Standards com-
pliance, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
US EPA, Technology utilization, Land disposal.
PB90-166299/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Proposed Beat Demonstrated Available Technolo-
gy (BDAT) Background Document for P119 and
P120. Volume IB.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L. Rosengrant, and M. Chatmon-McEaddy. Nov 89,
31 p EPA-530/SW-90/011R
See also Volume 17, PB90-166281 and Volume 19,
PB90-166307.
Also available in set of 26 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166117.
The background document presents the Agency's
technical support and rationale for developing regula-
tory standards for vanadium-containing wastes. Sec-
tions 2 through 6 present waste-specific information
for P119 and P120 wastes. Section 2 presents the
number and location of facilities affected by the land
disposal restrictions, the waste-generating processes,
and waste characterization data. Section 3 discusses
the technologies used to treat the wastes (or similar
wastes), and Section 4 presents available perform-
ance data, including data on which treatment stand-
ards are based. Section 5 explains EPA's determina-
tion of BDAT. Proposed treatment standards for vana-
dium wastes are determined in Section 6.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Waste disposal, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Water pollution, 'Vanadium, Per-
formance evaluation, Industrial wastes, Chemical in-
dustry, Catalysts, Alloys, Byproducts, Numerical analy-
sis, 'Best technology, 'Waste management, 'Pollu-
tion regulations, 'Resource Conservation and Recov-
ery Act, 'Standards compliance, 'Vanadium com-
pounds, US EPA, Technology utilization, Land dispos-
al, Ore processing.
PBB0-166307/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Proposed Beat Demonetrated Available Technolo-
gy (BDAT) Background Document for Barium
Wastes D005 and P013. Volume 19.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L. Rosengrant and M. Chatmon-McEaddy. Nov 89,
34p EPA-S30/SW-90/011S
See also Volume 18, PB90-166299 and Volume 20,
PB90-166315.
Also available in set of 26 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166117.
The document presents the Agency's technical sup-
port and rationale for developing proposed regulatory
standards for barium-containing wastes. Sections 2
through 6 present waste-specific information for the
D005 wastes. Section 2 describes the industries af-
fected by the regulation of these wastes, explains the
processes generating these wastes, and presents
available waste characterization data. Section 3 speci-
fies the applicable and demonstrated treatment tech-
nologies for these wastes. Section 4 presents avail-
able performance data for the demonstrated technol-
ogies; Section 5 contains analyses of the performance
data to determine BDAT; and Section 6 contains the
determination of the proposed treatment standards for
the regulated constituent (barium). Section 7 dis-
cusses associated P-code barium-containing wastes
(P013 - barium cyanide) and details the development
of the proposed treatment standard for these wastes.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Waste disposal, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Barium, 'Water pollution, 'Barium
inorganic compounds, Performance evaluation, Indus-
trial wastes, Numerical analysis,
Precipitation(Chemistry), 'Best technology, 'Waste
management, 'Pollution regulations, 'Resource Con-
servation and Recovery Act, 'Standards compliance,
US EPA, Technology utilization, Land disposal.
PB90-166315/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Proposed Best Demonstrated Available Technolo-
gy (BDAT) Background Document for D006 Cad-
mium Wastes. Volume 20.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L. Rosengrant, and M. Chatmon-McEaddy. Nov 89,
45p EPA-530/SW-90/011T
See also Volume 19, PB90-166307 and Volume 21,
PB90-166323
Also available in set of 26 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166117.
The background document presents the Agency's ra-
tionale and technical support for developing regulatory
standards for cadmium-containing wastes. Sections 2
through 6 present waste-specific information for the
D006 wastes. Section 2 presents the number and loca-
tion of facilities affected by the land disposal restric-
tions, the waste-generating process, and waste char-
acterization data. Section 3 discusses the technol-
ogies used to treat the waste (or similar wastes), and
Section 4 presents available performance data, includ-
ing data on which treatment standards are based. Sec-
tion 5 explains EPA's determination of BDAT. Pro-
posed treatment standards for cadmium wastes are
determined in Section 6.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Waste disposal, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Cadmium, 'Cadmium inorganic
compounds, 'Water pollution, Performance evalua-
tion, Industrial wastes, Design criteria, Electric batter-
ies, Electroplating, Electronic industry, Pigments, Inor-
ganic salts, 'Best technology, 'Pollution regulations,
'Waste management, 'Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act, "Standards compliance, US EPA, Tech-
nology utilization, Land disposal.
PB90-166323/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Proposed Best Demonstrated Available Technolo-
gy (BDAT) Background Document for Chromium
Wastes D007 and U032. Volume 21.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L. Rosengrant, and M. Chatmon-McEaddy. Nov 89,
57p EPA-530/SW-90/011U
See also Volume 20, PB90-166315 and Volume 22,
PB90-166331.
Also available in set of 26 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166117.
The background document provides the Agency's
technical support and rationale for the development of
proposed treatment standards for the constituents to
be regulated for the chromium-containing wastes. Sec-
tion 2 describes the industries affected by regulation of
these wastes, explains the processes generating
these wastes, and presents available waste character-
ization data. Section 3 specifies the applicable and
demonstrated treatment technologies for these
wastes. Section 4 contains performance data for the
demonstrated technologies, Section 5 contains analy-
ses of these performance data to determine BDAT for
each waste, and Section 6 contains the determination
of the proposed BDAT treatment standards for the reg-
ulated constituents (chromium). Section 7 discusses
associated chromium-containing U-code wastes
(U032 - calcium chromate) and details the develop-
ment of the proposed treatment standards for these
wastes.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, "Waste disposal, 'Haz-
ardous materials, "Water pollution, "Chromium,
Metals, Chromium steels, Performance evaluation, In-
dustrial wastes, High temperature tests, Metallurgy,
Chemical industry, Refractory materials, Tables(Data),
"Best technology, "Waste management, "Pollution
regulations, "Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act, "Standards compliance, "Chromium compounds,
US EPA, Technology utilization, Land disposal.
PB90-166331/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Proposed Bast Demonstrated Available Technolo-
gy (BDAT) Background Document (or D008 and P
and U Lead Wastes. Volume 22.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L. Rosengrant. Nov89,67p EPA-530/SW-90/011V
See also Volume 21, PB90-166323 and Volume 23,
PB90-166349.
Also available in set of 26 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166117.
The background document provides the Agency's
technical support and rationale for the development of
proposed treatment standards for the constituents to
be regulated for lead-containing wastes. Section 2 de-
scribes the industries affected by regulation of these
wastes, explains the processes generating these
wastes, and presents available waste characterization
data. Section 3 specifies the applicable and demon-
strated treatment technologies for these wastes. Sec-
tion 4 contains performance data for the demonstrated
technologies. Section 5 analyzes these performance
data to determine BDAT tor each waste, and Section 6
presents the promulgated BDAT treatment standards
for the regulated constituents. Section 7 discusses as-
sociated lead-containing P- and U-code wastes and
details the development of the proposed treatment
standards for these wastes.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, "Waste disposal, "Haz-
ardous materials, "Water pollution, "Lead(Metal), Per-
formance evaluation, Industrial wastes, Chemical in-
dustry, Electric batteries, Tables(Data), "Best technol-
ogy, "Waste management, "Pollution regulations,
"Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, "Stand-
ards compliance, "Lead compounds, US EPA, Tech-
nology utilization, Land disposal.
PB90-166349/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Proposed Best Demonstrated Available Technolo-
gy (BDAT) Background Document for D011, P099
and P104. Volume 23.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L. Rosengrant, and M. Chatmon-McEaddy. Nov 89,
35p EPA-530/SW-90/011W
See also Volume 22, PB90-166331 and Volume 24,
PB90-166356.
Also available in set of 26 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166117.
The background document presents the Agency's
technical support and rationale for developing regula-
tory standards for these wastes. Section 2 identifies
the number and location of facilities affected by the
land disposal restrictions for D011 wastes, discusses
processes generating these wastes, and presents all
available waste characterization data. Section 3 dis-
cusses the technologies used to treat the waste (or
similar wastes), and Section 4 presents available per-
formance data, including data on which treatment
standards are based. Section 5 explains EPA's deter-
mination of BDAT. Proposed treatment standards are
determined in Section 6. Section 7 discusses associat-
ed silver-containing P-code wastes and details the de-
velopment of treatment standards for these wastes.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, "Waste disposal, "Haz-
ardous materials, "Water pollution, "Silver, Perform-
ance evaluation, Industrial wastes, Photographic ma-
terials, Solders, Electric batteries, Mirrors, Numerical
analysis, PrecipitationfChemistry), "Best technology,
"Waste management, "Pollution regulations, "Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act, "Standards
compliance, "Silver compounds, US EPA, Technology
utilization, Land disposal.
PB90-166356/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Proposed Best Demonstrated Available Technolo-
gy (BDAT) Background Document for Halogenat-
ed Aliphatic U-Wastes. Volume 24.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L. Rosengrant, and E. Eby. Nov 89,150p EPA-530/
SW-9Q/011X
See also Volume 23, PB90-166349 and Volume 25,
PB90-166364.
Also available in set of 26 reports PC E99/MF E99,
P890-166117.
The background document provides the Agency's
technical support and rationale for selecting and de-
veloping the proposed treatment standards for haloge-
nated aliphatic U-wastes. Section 2 presents waste-
specific information; Section 3 discusses the applica-
ble and demonstrated technologies used to treat the
waste; Section 4 summarizes the available perform-
ance data; Section 5 explains EPA's determination of
BDAT; while Section 6 discusses the calculation of
proposed BDAT treatment standards.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, "Waste disposal, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Halogen organic compounds,
'Water pollution, Aliphatic compounds, Performance
evaluation, Industrial wastes, Molecular structure, Nu-
merical analysis, Tables(Data), Solvents, Chemical in-
dustry, Best technology, "Waste management, "Pollu-
tion regulations, "Resource Conservation and Recov-
ery Act, "Standards compliance, SIC 2865, US EPA,
Technology utilization, SIC 2869, Land disposal, SIC
2899.
PB90-166364/HSU	PC A11/MF A02
Proposed Best Demonstrated Available Technolo-
gy (BDAT) Background Document for Polynuclear
Aromatic U-Wastes. Volume 25.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L. Rosengrant, and E. Eby. Nov 89,229p EPA-530/
SW-90/011Y
See also Volume 24, PB90-166356 and Volume 26,
PB90-166372.
Also available in set of 26 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166117.
The background document provides the Agency's
technical support and rationale for selecting and de-
veloping the proposed treatment standards for polynu-
clear aromatic U-wastes. Section 2 presents waste-
specific information; Section 3 discusses the applica-
ble and demonstrated technologies used to treat the
waste (or simitar wastes); Section 4 summarizes the
available performance data, including data on which
the treatment standards are based; Section 5 explains
EPA's determination of BDAT, while Section 6 dis-
cusses the calculation of the proposed BDAT treat-
ment standards.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, "Waste disposal, "Haz-
ardous materials, "Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons,
"Water pollution, Performance evaluation, Industrial
wastes, Numerical analysis, Tables(Data), Molecular
structure, Chemical industry, Metals, Design criteria,
Oxidation, Adsorption, "Best technology, "Pollution
regulations, "Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act, "Waste management, "Standards compliance,
US EPA, Technology utilization, SIC 2865, Land dis-
posal, Wet methods, SIC 2952, SIC 2869, SIC 2899,
SIC 8071, SIC 2951.
PB90-166372/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Proposed Bast Demonstrated Available Technolo-
gy (BOAT) Background Document for Aromatlcs
and Other Hydrocarbon U-Wsstss. Volume 26.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L. Rosengrant, and E. Eby. Nov 89,83p EPA-530/SW-
90/011Z
See also Volume 25, PB90-166364.
Also available in set of 26 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166117.
The background document provides the Agency's
technical support and rationale for selecting and de-
veloping the proposed treatment standards tor aro-
matlcs and other hydrocarbons. Section 2 presents
waste-specific information, i.e., the industry affected
and waste characterization. Section 3 discusses the
applicable and demonstrated technologies used to
treat the waste (or similar wastes), and Section 4 sum-
marizes the available performance data, including data
on which the treatment standards are based. Section 5
explains EPA's determination of BDAT, while Section
6 discusses the calculation of proposed BDAT treat-
ment standards.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, "Waste disposal, "Haz-
ardous materials, "Aromatic hydrocarbons, "Hydrocar-
bons, "Water pollution, Performance evaluation. In-
dustrial wastes, Numerical analysis, Chemical industiy,
Tables(Data), "Best technology, "Waste manage-
ment, "Pollution regulations, 'Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act, Standards compliance, SIC 2865,
US EPA, Technology hydrocarbons, SIC 2869, Land
disposal, Incineration, SIC 2899, SIC 8071, SIC 5198.
PB90-166380/HSU	PC E99/MF E99
Proposed Best Demonstrated Available Technolo-
gy (BDAT) (19 Volumes).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L. Rosengrant. Aug 89,1912p-in 19v
Set includes PB90-166398 through PB90-186588.
No abstract available.
PB90-166398/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Proposed Best Demonstrated Available Technolo-
gy (BDAT) Background Document for Inorganic
Pigment Wastes. Volume 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L. Rosengrant. Aug 89,52p EPA-530/SW-90/012A
See also Volume 2, PB90-166406 and PB89-142269.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166380.
The background document presents the Agency's
technical support and rationale for developing regula-
tory standards for K002, K003. K004, K005, K006,
K007, and K008 wastes. Section 2 presents the
number and location of facilities affected by the land
disposal restrictions, the waste-generating process,
and waste characterization data. Section 3 discusses
the technologies used to treat the waste (or similar
wastes), and Section 4 presents available perform-
ance data, including data on which treatment stand-
ards are based. Section 5 explains EPA's determina-
tion of BDAT, while Section 6 discusses the selection
of constituents to be regulated. Proposed treatment
standards are determined in Section 7.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, "Waste disposal, "Haz-
ardous materials, "Water pollution, "Pigments, Per-
formance evaluation, Design criteria, Industrial wastes,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Materials recovery, Process
charting, Inorganic compounds, Chromium,
Lead(Metal), Cyanides, Sludge disposal, 'Best tech-
nology, "Waste management, "Pollution regulations,
"Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, "Stand-
ards compliance, "Waste utilization, US EPA, Technol-
ogy utilization, Land disposal, SIC 2816.
PB90-166406/HSU	PC A11/MF A02
Proposed Treatment Technology Background
Document Volume 2.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
J. R. Berlow, and L. Rosengrant Nov 89,235p EPA-
530/SW-90/012B
See also Volume 1, PB90-166398 and Volume 3
PB90-166414.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF EBB
PB90-166380.
The document provides a discussion of the purposes
and contents of each of the various elements present-
ed in each technology section. The document explains
what information is provided in each technology sub-
section, how the Agency intends to use the information
as part of Its BDAT program, and how the Agency In.
tends to modify the treatment technology discussions
as more treatment data and information become ave#.
able.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, "Hazardous materials.
Thermal treatment, Retorting, Ion exchanaina!
Stripping(Distillation), Performance evaluation, Deaian
criteria, Aerobic processes, Activated sludge process!
Materials recovery, Reduction, Leaching, Oxidation!
Precipitation(Chemistry), Lagoons(Ponds), Tricklirm fit
rigVipMUVU\w«witn«M	HMUHI
tration, Physical properties, Solvent extraction, *
technology, "Technology utilization, "Pollution re)
refluia-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tions, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
'Waste utilization, Rotating biological contactors, US
EPA, Biological industrial waste treatment, Fuel substi-
tutes, Refuse derived fuels, Incineration.
PB90-186414/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Proposed Best Demonstrated Available Technolo-
gy (BDAT) Background Document for Wastes
from the Production of Chlorinated Allphatlcs
F205. Volume 3.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L. Rosengrant, and E. Eby. Nov 89, 28p EPA-530/SW-
90/012C
See also Volume 2, PB90-166406, Volume 4, PB90-
166422 and PB89-221501.
Also available in set of 5 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166380.
The background document provides the Agency's ra-
tionale and technical support for selecting the constitu-
ents to be regulated in F025 and for developing treat-
ment standards for these constituents; presents
waste-specific information (the industry affected and
waste characterization); discusses the applicable and
demonstrated technologies used to treat the waste;
summarizes the available performance data, including
data on which the treatment standards are based; ex-
plains EPA's determination of BDAT; and discusses
the calculation of the proposed BDAT treatment stand-
ards.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Waste disposal, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Chlorine aliphatic compounds,
'Water pollution, Performance evaluation, Industrial
wastes, Numerical analysis, Design criteria, Extraction,
Oxidation, Distillation, Adsorption, 'Beat technology,
'Waste management, 'Pollution regulations, 'Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act, 'Standards
compliance, Waste recycling, US EPA, Technology uti-
lization, Biological industrial waste treatment, Inciner-
ation, Land disposal.
PB90-166422/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Proposed Best Demonstrated and Available Tech-
nology (BDAT) Background Document for Wastes
from the Production of Epichlorohydrin K017.
Volume 4.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
J. R. Berlow, and E. Eby. Nov 89,73p EPA-530/SW-
90/012D
See also Volume 3, PB90-166414 and Volume 5,
PB0O-166430.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166380.
The background document provides the Agency's ra-
tionale and technical support for selecting the constitu-
ents for proposed regulation in K017 and for develop-
ing treatment standards for these constituents. The
document also provides waste characterization data
that serve as a basis for determining whether a vari-
ance from a treatment standard may be warranted for
a particular type of K017 that is more difficult to treat
than the wastes that were analyzed in developing the
treatment standards for K017.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Waste disposal, *Haz-
ardous materials, 'Epichlorohydrin, 'Water pollution,
Industrial wastes, Performance evaluation, Numerical
gnalysis, Strippers, Chemical industry,
Columns(Process engineering), Solvent extraction,
•Best technology, 'Waste management, 'Pollution
regulations, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act, 'Standards compliance, US EPA, Technology uti-
lization, Waste recycling, Incineration, Land disposal.
PB9O-166430/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Proposed Amendment to Best Demonstrated
Available Technology (BDAT) Background Docu-
ment for Wastes from the Production of 1, 1, 1-
Trtchloroethane K028, K029, K095, and K096.
Vofeimt 5>
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
J. R. Berlow, and E. Eby. Nov 89,68p EPA-530/SW-
90/012E
See also Volume 4, PB90-166422, Volume 6, PB90-
166446 and PB89-221519.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166380.
The amendment document describes the technologies
used to treat K028 nonwastewater metals and K029,
K095, and K096 wastewaters (or similar wastes, if any)
and presents the treatment performance data on
which the treatment standards for these wastes are
based. The document also explains how EPA deter-
mined BDAT, selected constituents for regulation, and
calculated proposed treatment standards for K028
nonwastewater metals and K029, K095, and K096
wastewaters.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, 'Waste disposal, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Water pollution, Performance eval-
uation, Industrial wastes, Revisions, Metals, Numerical
analysis, Catalysts, Strippers, Distillation, 'Ethane/
trichloro, 'Best technology, 'Waste management,
'Pollution regulations, 'Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act, 'Standards compliance, US EPA, Tech-
nology utilization, Land disposal.
PB90-166448/HSU	PC A16/MF A02
Proposed Best Demonstrated Available Technolo-
gy (BDAT) Background Document for
Wastewaters Containing BDAT List Constituents.
Volume 6.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
J. R. Berlow, and R. Kinch. Oct 89,364p EPA-530/
SW-90/012F
See also Volume 5, PB90-166430 and Volume 7,
PB90-166455.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166380.
The background document presents a technical data-
base of wastewater treatment performance data for
BDAT List constituents. In addition, the document pro-
vides the Agency's rationale and technical support for
selecting specific treatment performance data for use
in calculating a BDAT wastewater treatment standard
for each BDAT List constituent The Agency's legal au-
thority and promulgated methodology for establishing
treatment standards is summarized in EPA's method-
ology for developing BDAT treatment standards. The
background document presents the sources of treat-
ment performance data used for evaluation of BDAT,
the criteria used in screening data from these sources,
and the criteria used by the BDAT program (BDAT
Methodology) for screening data for use in determining
BDAT. The document presents wastewater treatment
performance data available for each BDAT List con-
stituent, a discussion of which data were used as
BDAT, and presents the calculation of BDAT treat-
ment standards.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Industrial waste
treatment, Performance evaluation, Numerical analy-
sis, Tables(Data), Information systems, Metals, Inor-
ganic compounds, Chlorine organic compounds, Pesti-
cides, 'Best technology, 'Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act, 'Standards compliance, 'Pollution reg-
ulations, Listings, Technology utilization, Volatile or-
ganic compounds, Furans, Polychlorinated biphenyls,
Acetic acid/phenoxy, Dioxins.
PB90-1664S5/HSU	PC A10/MF A02
Proposed Beat Demonstrated Available Technolo-
gy (BDAT) Background Document for Miscellane-
ous Halogenated Organic Wastes, Wastea of a
Pharmaceutical Nature, Bromlnated Organic
Wastes, Organ o-Sulfur Compound Wastes, and
Organo-Nltrogen Compound Wastes. Volume 7.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
J. R. Berlow, and L. Jones. Nov 89,220p EPA-530/
SW-90/012G
See also Volume 6, PB90-166448 and Volume 8,
PB90-166463.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166380.
The document provides the Agency's rationale and
technical support for developing treatment standards
for Halogen organic wastes and pharmaceutical
wastes. Section 2.0 of the background document pre-
sents the approximate number and geographic distri-
bution of facilities that may be affected by the land dis-
posal restrictions, the processes generating these
wastes, and available waste characterization data.
Section 2.0 also includes EPA's rationale for combin-
ing certain waste codes into the five treatability groups.
EPA's rationale for identifying BOAT for wastes includ-
ed in the document is presented In Section 3.0. Sec-
tion 4.0 contains treatment performance data that the
Agency has used to determine BDAT and proposed
treatment standards for the wastes included in the
document. EPA's rationale for selecting constituents
for proposed regulation by means of numerical treat-
ment standards is presented in Section 5.0. Section
6.0 includes the determination of proposed treatment
standards for the miscellaneous compounds.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, "Waste disposal, "Haz-
ardous materials, 'Halogen organic compounds,
'Drugs, 'Water pollution, Performance evaluation, Nu-
merical analysis, Industrial wastes, Chemical industry,
Molecular structure, Tables(Data), "Best technology,
'Waste management, 'Pollution regulations, "Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act, 'Standards
compliance, Biological industrial waste treatment, US
EPA, Technology utilization, SIC 2869, Land disposal.
PB90-166463/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Proposed Best Demonstrated Available Technolo-
gy (BDAT) Background Document for Oxygenated
Hydrocarbon and Heterocyclic U and P Wastes.
Volume 8. Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
J. R. Berlow, and J. Labiosa. Nov 89,89p EPA-530/
SW-90/012H
See also Volume 7, PB90-166455 and Volume 9,
PB90-166471.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166380.
The background document provides the Agency's ra-
tionale and technical support for selecting constituents
being proposed for regulation and for developing treat-
ment standards for these wastes. The document also
provides waste characterization data that serve as a
basis for determining whether a variance from treat-
ment standards maybe warranted for a particular oxy-
genated hydrocarbon and heterocyclic waste that is
more difficult to treat than the wastes that were tested
and from which treatment performance data were
used to develop the treatment standards for the
wastes included in the background document.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, "Waste disposal, "Haz-
ardous materials, 'Water pollution, "Oxygen organic
compounds, 'Heterocyclic compounds, Performance
evaluation, Industrial wastes, Numerical analysis,
Tables(Data), Oxidation, Adsorption, Chemical indus-
try, Molecular structure, 'Best technology, 'Waste
management, 'Pollution regulations, 'Resource Con-
servation and Recovery Act, 'Standards compliance,
Biological industrial waste treatment, US EPA, Tech-
nology utilization, Incineration, Chemical spills.
PB90-166471/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Proposed Amendment to the Final Beat Demon-
strated Available Technology (BDAT) Background
Document for K022. Volume 9.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
J. R. Berlow, and J. Labiosa. Nov 89,61 p EPA-530/
SW-90/0121
See also Volume 8, PB90-166463, Volume 10, PB90-
166489 and PB89-142517.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166380.
The document presents treatment performance data
that were transferred to K022 and used to develop
treatment standards for wastewater forms of K022;
EPA's rationale and technical support for selecting the
constituents proposed for regulation in wastewater
forms of K022; and EPA's approach to and technical
support for developing treatment standards for these
constituents.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment 'Waste disposal, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Water pollution, Revisions, Per-
formance evaluation, Industrial wastes. Numerical
analysis, Precipitation(Chemistry), Oxidation, 'Best
technology, 'waste management 'Pollution regula-
tions, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
'Standards compliance, Biological industrial waste
treatment, US EPA, Technology utilization, Inciner-
ation, Land disposal.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-166489/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Proposed Best Demonstrated Available Technolo-
gy (BDAT) Background Document for Distillation
Bottoms from the Production of Aniline K083.
Volume 10.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
J. R. Berlow, and J. Labiosa. Nov 89,79p EPA-530/
SW-90/012J
See also Volume 9, PB90-166471 and Volume 11,
PB90-166497.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166380.
The background document provides the Agency's ra-
tionale and technical support for selecting the constitu-
ents for proposed regulation in K083 and for develop-
ing treatment standards for these constituents. The
document also provides waste characterization data
that serve as a basis for determining whether a vari-
ance from a treatment standard may be warranted for
a particular type of K083 that is more difficult to treat
than the wastes that were analyzed in developing
treatment standards for K083.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Waste disposal, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Distillation, 'Anilines, 'Water pollu-
tion, Performance evaluation, Chemical industry, In-
dustrial wastes, Design criteria, Oxidation, Numerical
analysis, Extraction, Adsorption, 'Best technology,
'Waste management, 'Pollution regulations, 'Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act, 'Standards
compliance, US EPA, Technology utilization. Biological
industrial waste treatment, Land disposal, Incineration.
PB90-166497/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Proposed Best Demonstrated Available Technolo-
gy (BDAT) Background Document for Distillation
Bottoms from ths Production of Nitrobenzene by
the Nitration of Benzene K02S. Volume 11.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
J. R. Berlow, and J. Labiosa. Nov 89,71 p EPA-530/
SW-90/012K
See also Volume 10, PB90-166489 and Volume 12,
PB90-166505.
Also available in set 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166380.
The background document provides the Agency's ra-
tionale and technical support for selecting the constitu-
ents for proposed regulation in K025 and for develop-
ing treatment standards for these constituents. The
document also provides waste characterization data
that serve as a basis for determining whether a vari-
ance from a treatment standard may be warranted for
a particular type of K025 that is more difficult to treat
than the wastes that were analyzed in developing
treatment standards for K025.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, "Waste disposal, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Waste pollution, 'Distillation, *Ni-
trobenzenes, Performance evaluation, Industrial
wastes, Numerical analysis, Chemical industry, Oxida-
tion, Dyes, Extraction, Adsorption, 'Best technology,
'Waste management, 'Pollution regulations, 'Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act, 'Standards
compliance, Biological industrial waste treatment, US
EPA, Technology utilization, Land disposal, SIC 2865.
PB90-166505/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
proPJMd Best Demonstrated Available Technolo-
83L(5PAT) Background Document for Stripping
Still Tails from the Production of Methyl Ethyl Pyr-
idine K026. Volume 12.	'
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
J. R. Berlow, and J. Labiosa. Nov 89,50p EPA-530/
SW-90/012L
See also Volume 11. PB90-166497 and Volume 13,
PB90-166513.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166380.
The background document presents waste-specific in-
formation on the number and locations of facilities that
may be affected by the land disposal restrictions for
K026, the processes generating this waste, the waste
characterization data, the technologies used to treat
the waste (or similar wastes, if any), and the treatment
performance data on which the proposed treatment
standards are based. The document also explains how
EPA determines BDAT, selects constituents to be reg-
ulated, and calculates treatment standards.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Waste disposal,
* Stripping (Distil lation), 'Tails, 'Hazardous materials,
'Water pollution, Performance evaluation, Industrial
wastes, Data processing, Chemical industry, Adsorp-
tion, Numerical analysis, Solvent extraction, 'Best
technology, 'Waste management, 'Pollution regula-
tions, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
'Standards compliance, Biological industrial waste
treatment, US EPA, Technology utilization, Inciner-
ation, Land disposal, SIC 2869.
PB90-168513/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Proposed Best Demonstrated Available Technolo-
gy (BDAT) Background Document for Wastewater
Treatment Sludges Generated In the Production
of Creosote K035. Volume 13.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
J. R. Berlow, and J. Labiosa. Nov 89, 74p EPA-530/
SW-90/012M
See also Volume 12, PB90-166505 and Volume 14,
PB90-166521.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166380.
The background document presents waste-specific in-
formation on the number and locations of facilities that
may be affected by the land disposal restrictions for
K035, the processes generating this waste, the waste
characterization data, the technologies used to treat
the waste (or similar wastes, if any), and the treatment
performance data on which the proposed treatment
standards are based. The document also explains how
EPA determines BDAT, selects constituents to be reg-
ulated, and calculates treatment standards.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, 'Waste disposal, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Creosote, 'Water pollution control,
Sludge disposal, Industrial waste treatment, Perform-
ance evaluation, Numerical analysis, Adsorption, Data
processing, Design criteria, Tables(Data), Extraction,
Stripping(Distillatlon), 'Best technology, 'Waste man-
agement, "Pollution regulations, 'ResourceConserva-
tion and Recovery Act, 'Standards compliance,
'Waste recycling, US EPA, Technology utilization, Bio-
logical industrial waste treatment, Incineration, Land
disposal, SIC 2865.
PB90-166521/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Proposed Amendment to Final Best Demonstrat-
ed Available Technology (BDAT) Background
Document for Organophosphorus Wastes (K036
Nonwastewaters). Volume 14. Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
J. R. Berlow, and M. Cunningham. Nov 89,43p EPA-
530/SW-90/012N
See also Volume 13, PB90-166513 and Volume 15,
PB90-166539.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166380.
The amendment presents a discussion of incineration
as an additional applicable and demonstrated technol-
ogy for treating disulfoton, the proposed constituent of
concern in K036 nonwastewaters, EPA's determina-
tion of incineration as the best demonstrated available
technology for K036 nonwastewaters, and EPA's ra-
tionale for transferring treatment performance data
from incineration of K037 to K036 nonwastewater
streams. More specifically, Section 2 of the document
amends Section 3 of the 'Final BDAT Background
Document for Organophosphorus Wastes' by adding
incineration as an applicable and demonstrated tech-
nology for treating nonwastewater forms of K036. Sec-
tion 3 of the document amends Section 4 of the 'Final
BDAT Background Document for Organophosphorus
Wastes' by adding treatment performance data for in-
cineration of K037 to develop treatment standards for
K036 nonwastewaters. Section 4 amends Section 5.1,
identifying incineration as BDAT for K036 non-
wastewaters. Finally, Section 6 amends Section 7, pro-
posing numerical standards for disulfoton based on
treatment performance data for incineration trans-
ferred from K037 to K036 nonwastewaters.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Waste disposal, 'Phos-
phorus organic compounds, "Hazardous materials,
Revisions, Performance evaluation, Numerical analy-
sis, Fluidlzed bed processing, Injection, Incinerators,
Air pollution control, Design criteria, Tables(Data),
'Best technology, 'Waste management, "Pollution
regulations, "Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act, 'Standards compliance, "Disulfoton, US EPA,
Technology utilization, Incineration.
PB90-166539/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Proposed Amendment to Best Demonstrated
Available Technology (BDAT) Background for
K037. Volume 15. Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
J. R. Berlow, and M. Cunningham. Nov 89,25p EPA-
530/SW-90/0120
See also Volume 14, PB90-166521, Volume 16, PB90-
166547 and PB89-142434.
Also available in set of 19 reports, PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166380.
The amendment presents a discussion of biological
treatment as an applicable and demonstrated technol-
ogy for reducing regulated constituents in organophos-
phorus wastewater streams, performance data sup-
porting biological treatment as an effective technology
for treating organophosphorus wastewater streams,
rationale for transferring biological treatment perform-
ance data to wastewater forms of K037, and calcula-
tion of new numerical standards. Specifically, Section
2 of the document supplements Section 3 of the Final
BDAT Background Document for K037 by introducing
biological treatment as an applicable and demonstrat-
ed technology for treating wastewater forms of K037.
Section 3 of the document amends Section 4 of the
Final BDAT Background Document for K037 by adding
performance data for biological treatment of parathion
and toluene. Section 4 amends Section 5.2 by identify-
ing biological treatment as BDAT for K037
wastewaters. Finally, Section 5 amends Section 7 by
presenting revised numerical treatment standaids for
disulfoton and toluene in K037 wastewaters.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, "Waste disposal, "Haz-
ardous materials, 'Water pollution, "Phosphorus or-
ganic compounds, Revisions, Performance evaluation,
Industrial wastes, Numerical analysis, Toluenes,
Tables(Data), "Best technology, "Waste manage-
ment, "Pollution regulations, "Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act, "Standards compliance, Biological
industrial waste treatment, US EPA, Technology utili-
zation, Land disposal, Parathion, Disulfoton.
PB90-166S47/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Proposed Best Demonstrated Available Technolo-
gy (BDAT) Background Document for Halogenat-
ed Pesticide and Chlorobenzene, Haiogenated
Phenolic, and Phenolic Wastes. Volume 16.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
J. R. Berlow, and M. Cunningham. Nov 89,168p EPA-
530/SW-90/012P
See also Volume, PB90-166539 and Volume 17
PB90-166554.
Also available in set of 19 reports, PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166380.
The background document provides the Agency's ra-
tionale and technical support for selecting constituents
being proposed for regulation and for developing treat-
ment standards tor these wastes. The document also
provides waste characterization data that serve as a
basis for determining whether a variance from treat-
ment standards may be warranted for a particular haio-
genated pesticide, and chlorobenzene, haiogenated
phenolic waste that is more difficult to treat than the
wastes that were tested and from which treatment per-
formance data were used to develop the treatment
standards for the wastes included in the background
document.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, "Waste disposal, 'Haz-
ardous materials. 'Phenols, 'Pesticides, 'Halogen or-
Panic compounds, 'Water pollution, Chlorobenzenes,
erformance evaluation. Industrial wastes, Extraction
Numerical analysis, Adsorption, Oxidation!
Tables!Data), "Best technology, "Waste manage-
ment, "Pollution regulations, "Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act, Standards compliance, Waste re-
cycling, US EPA, Technology utilization, Incineration
Land disposal.	'
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-166554/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Proposed Amendment to the Final Beet Demon-
strated Available Technology (BDAT) Background
Document for Wastes from the Production of
Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons (F024).
Volume 17.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
J. R. Berlow, and J. Vorbach. Nov 89,41 p EPA-530/
SW-90/012Q
See also Volume 16, PB90-166547, Volume 18, PB90-
166562, and PB89-221501.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166380.
The addendum to the Best Demonstrated Available
Technology Background Document for F024 presents
F024 incinerator ash stabilization data; EPA's rationale
and technical support for selecting the metal constitu-
ents being proposed for regulation in nonwastewater
forms of F024; and EPA's approach to and technical
support for developing treatment standards for these
constituents.
Keywords: "Regulations, "Fly ash, "Incinerators,
"Waste treatment, Stabilization, Solid waste disposal,
Metals, Standards, Production, Chlorohydrocarbons,
Chlorine aliphatic compounds, Calcium oxides, Ce-
ments, Proposals, Tables(Data), Best Demonstrated
Available Technology, Binders(Materials).
PB90-166S62/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Proposed Amendment to Beet Demonstrated
Available Technology (BDAT) Background Docu-
ment for Wastes from the Petroleum Refining In-
dustry K048, K049, K050, K051, K052. Volume 18.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
J. R. Berlow, and J. Vorbach. Nov 89,151 p EPA-530/
SW-90/012R
See also Volume 17, PB90-166554, Volume 19, PB90-
166588 and PB89-142376.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166380.
The amendment presents the K048 and K051 solvent
extraction data used to develop the proposed treat-
ment standards for nonwastewaters; presents the
K048 incinerator scrubber water data used to develop
the proposed treatment standards for wastewaters;
and provides EPA's rationale and technical support for
developing proposed revised treatment standards for
regulated organic constituents and adding treatment
standards for xylene and naphthalene in K048-K052
nonwastewaters and for selecting cyanide as a pro-
posed regulated constituent in wastewater forms of
K048-K052. The document amends sections in the
Final BDAT Background Document for K048-K052 by
presenting additional waste characterization data,
treatment performance data, accuracy-corrected data,
selection of cyanide as a proposed regulated constitu-
ent in K048-K052 wastewaters, and calculation of pro-
posed treatment standards, respectively.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, "Waste disposal, "Haz-
ardous materials, "Water pollution, "Petroleum refin-
ing, Revisions, Organic compounds, Industrial wastes,
Solvent extraction, Xylenes, Scrubbers, Performance
evaluation, Naphthalene, Tables(Data), "Best technol-
ogy, "Waste management, "Pollution regulations,
"Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, "Stand-
ards compliance, US EPA, Technology utilization,
Land disposal, Incineration.
PB90-1S6588/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Calculation of BDAT (Beet Demonstrated Avail-
able Technology) Treatment Standards for 30
BOAT tlat Constituents. Volume 19.
Radian Corp., Herndon, VA. Dulles Technology
Nov89,20p EPA-530/SW-90/012T
See also Volume 19, PB90-166562. Sponsored by En-
vironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-166380.
The document presents the technical support for the
calculation of draft Best Demonstrated Available Tech-
noiooy (BDAT) nonwastewater treatment standards
for 30 BDAT list constituents. The document discusses
the treatment performance data that were used to de-
velop these treatment standards and the calculation of
these treatment standards. The treatment perform-
ance data from all 14 BDAT incineration tests conduct-
ed by EPA were considered in developing these treat-
ment standards. A summary of these incineration tests
is provided.
Keywords: "Regulations, "Fly ash, "Incinerators,
"waste treatment, Stabilization, Metals, Tests, Per-
formance evaluation, Chlorine aliphatic compounds,
Chlorohydrocarbons, Best Demonstrated Available
Technology.
PB90-168030/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Ambient Monitoring Guidelines for Prevention of
Significant Deterioration (PSD).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
May 87,97p EPA/450/4-87/007
Ambient air monitoring guidelines are described for
sources that may be required to monitor the air quality
under the Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD)
regulations. Some step-by-step discussion is present-
ed for a source to determine if monitoring will be nec-
essary. Situations where existing air quality and mete-
orological data, modeling, and use of assumed back-
ground concentrations for certain areas may be used
in lieu of monitoring, are shown. If a source must un-
dertake a monitoring program, general guidance is
given for pollutants to be monitored, number and loca-
tion of monitoring sites, equipment, frequency and du-
ration of sampling, and data reporting. More detailed
guidance is discussed for air quality monitoring probe
siting criteria for various pollutants, meteorological
monitoring, and quality assurance procedures.
Keywords: Guidelines, Meteorology, Quality assur-
ance, Mathematical models, Sources, Sites, Data
processing, Sampling, "Prevention of Significant Dete-
rioration regulations, "Air quality, "Air pollution moni-
toring, Air pollution monitors.
PB90-168063/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Characterization of Contaminated Soil from the
Montclalr/Qlen Ridge, New Jersey, Superfund
Sites.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
J. Neiheisel. Sep 89,6lp EPA/520/1-89/012
The report describes the soil characterization phase
conducted at the EPA Eastern Environmental Radi-
ation Facility (EERF) in Montgomery, Alabama. The
identification of the spatial distribution of the radium
within the soil and its association with specific minerals
or materials is shown to relate to the later implementa-
tion phase. Procedures developed in the investigation
have application to other radioactively contaminated
Superfund sites.
Keywords: "Radioactive isotopes, "Soil properties,
"Pollution, Radium, Waste treatment,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), Alabama,
Superfund, Montgomery(Alabama), Radioassay.
PB90-1681M/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,
Atlanta, GA.
Toxlcologlcal Profile for Carbon Tetrachloride.
Final rept.
Clement Associates, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
Dec 89,153p ATSDR/TP-89/05
Contract EPA-205-88-0608
Also available from Supt. of Docs. Prepared in coop-
eration with Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH. Spon-
sored by Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry, Atlanta, GA., and Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
The ATSDR toxicological profile for carbon tetrachlo-
ride is intended to characterize succinctly the toxico-
logical and health effects information for the sub-
stance. It identifies and reviews the key literature that
describes the substance's toxicological properties.
Other literature is presented but described in less
detail. The profile is not intended to be an exhaustive
document; however, more comprehensive sources of
specialty information are referenced. The profile
begins with a public health statement, which describes
in nontechnical language the substance's relevant tox-
icological properties. Following the statement is mate-
rial that presents levels of significant human exposure
and, where known, significant health effects. The ade-
quacy of information to determine the substance's
health effects is described. Research gaps in nontoxic
health effects information are descnbed. Research
gaps that are of significance to the protection of public
health will be identified in a separate effort.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Carbon tetrachloride. Expo-
sure, Bioassay, Rats, Mice, Laboratory animals,
Tables(Data), Aerosols, Cleaning agents, Kinetics,
Chemical analysis, Monitoring, Public health, "Car-
cinogenesis, "Cancer, Biological effects, Environmen-
tal exposure pathways, Pollution sources, Mutagenic-
ity tests, CAS 56-23-5.
PB90-168204/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,
Atlanta, GA.
Toxlcologlcal Profile for Benzidine. Final rept.
Clement Associates, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
Dec 89,117p ATSDR/TP-89/01
Contract EPA-205-88-0608
Also available from Supt. of Docs. Prepared in coop-
eration with Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH. Spon-
sored by Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry, Atlanta, GA., and Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
The ATSDR toxicological profile for benzidine is in-
tended to characterize succinctly the toxicological and
health effects information for the substance. It identi-
fies and reviews the key literature that describes the
substance's toxicological properties. Other literature is
presented but descnbed in less detail. The profile is
not intended to be an exhaustive document; however,
more comprehensive sources of specialty information
are referenced. The profile begins with a public health
statement, which describes in nontechnical language
the substance's relevant toxicological properties. Fol-
lowing the statement is material that presents levels of
significant human exposure and, where known, signifi-
cant health effects. The adequacy of information to de-
termine the substance's health effects is described.
Research gaps in nontoxic health effects information
are described. Research gaps that are of significance
to the protection of public health will be identified in a
separate effort.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Exposure, Bioassay, Rats,
Mice, Laboratory animals, Tables(Data), Monitoring,
Public health, Chemical analysis, Dyes, Kinetics, "Car-
cinogenesis, "Cancer, "Benzidine, Environmental ex-
posure pathways, Biological effects, Pollution sources,
Mutagenicity tests, CAS 92-87-5.
PB90-168253/HSU	PC A15/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region
V.
Diagnostic Feasibility Study of Lake Waubes,
Kosciusko Co., Indiana. Final rept.
Indiana State Board of Health, Indianapolis.
W. H. Senft, and K. E. Roberts. 31 Jan 82,345p
Grant EPA-S00559901
Prepared in cooperation with Ball State Univ., Muncie,
IN. Dept. of Biology. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Chicago, IL. Region V.
Lake Waubee, Indiana, is mesotrophic to mesoeutro-
phic, with water quality improving in recent years. Man-
agement strategies focus on reducing nutrient inflow
from streams through best management practices
such as no-till agriculture, grassed waterways and cos-
metic control of macrophytes with harvesting, herbi-
cides, and weed barriers/sediment covers.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Lake Waubee, Stream
flow, Nutrients, Agriculture, Cultivation, Erosion con-
trol, Grasses, Aquatic plants, Weed control, Barriers,
Indiana, Best management practices, Kosciusko
County(lndiana).
PB90-168683/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,
Atlanta, GA.
Toxlcologlcal Profile for Bls(2-chloroethyl) ether.
Final rept.
Clement Associates, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
Dec 89,78p ATSDR/TP-69/02
Contract DHHS-205-88-0606
Also available from Supt. of Docs. See also PB90-
168691. Prepared in cooperation with Life Systems,
Inc., Cleveland, OH. Sponsored by Agency for Toxic
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA., and
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
The ATSDR toxicological profile for bis(2-
chloroethyl)ether is intended to characterize succinctly
the toxicological and health effects information for the
substance, ft identifies and reviews the key literature
that describes the substances's toxicological proper-
ties. Other literature is presented but described in less
detail. The profile is not intended to be an exhaustive
document; however, more comprehensive sources of
specialty information are referenced. The profile
begins with a public health statement, which describes
in nontechnical language the substance's relevant tox-
icological properties. Following the statement is mate-
rial that presents levels of significant human exposure
and, where known, significant health effects. The ade-
quacy of information to determine the substance's
health effects is described. Research gaps in nontoxic
and health effects information are described. Re-
search gaps that are of significance to the protection
of public health will be identified in a separate effort.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Exposure, Bioassay, Rats,
Mice, Laboratory animals, Tables(Data). Monitoring,
Chemical analysis, Kinetics, Pesticides, Public health,
•Carcinogenesis, 'Cancer, *Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether,
Environmental exposure pathways, Biological effects,
Pollution sources, Mutagenicity tests, CAS 111 -44-4.
PB90-168691/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,
Atlanta, GA.
Toxicological Profile for Bls(chloromethyl) ether.
Final rept.
Clement Associates, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
Dec 89,73p ATSDR/TP-89/03
Contract DHHA-205-88-0608
Also available from Supt. of Docs. See also PB90-
168683. Prepared in cooperation with Life Systems,
Inc., Cleveland, OH. Sponsored by Agency for Toxic
Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA., and
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
The ATSDR toxicological profile for
bis(chloromethyl)ether is intended to characterize suc-
cinctly the toxicological and health effects information
for the substance. It identifies and reviews the key liter-
ature that describes the substance's toxicological
properties. Other literature is presented but described
in less detail. The profile is not intended to be an ex-
haustive document; however, more comprehensive
sources of specialty information are referenced. The
profile begins with a public health statement, which de-
scribes in nontechnical language the substance's rele-
vant toxicological properties. Following the statement
is material that presents levels of significant human ex-
posure and, where known, significant health effects.
The adequacy of information to determine the sub-
stance's health effects is described. Research gaps in
nontoxic health effects information are described. Re-
search gaps that are of significance to the protection
of public health will be identified in a separate effort.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Exposure, Bioassay, Rats,
Mice, Laboratory animals, Tables(Data), Monitoring,
Chemical analysis, Kinetics, Public health, 'Carcino-
genesis, 'Cancer, "Bis(Chloromethyl)ether, Environ-
mental exposure pathways, Pollution sources, Biologi-
cal effects, Mutagenicity tests, CAS 542-88-1.
PB90-168709/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,
Atlanta, GA.
Toxicological Profile for Chlordane. Final rept.
Clement Associates, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
Dec 89,153p ATSDR/TP-89/06
Contract DHHS-205-88-0608
Also available from Supt. of Docs. Prepared in coop-
eration with Life Systems, Inc., Cleveland, OH. Spon-
sored by Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry, Atlanta, GA., and Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC.
The ATSDR toxicological profile for chlordane is in-
tended to characterize succinctly the toxicological and
health effects information for the substance. It identi-
fies and reviews the key literature that describes the
substance's toxicological properties. Other literature is
presented but described in less detail. The profile is
not intended to be an exhaustive document; however,
more comprehensive sources of specialty information
are referenced. The profile begins with a publie health
statement, which describes in nontechnical language
the substance's relevant toxicological properties. Fol-
lowing the statement is material that presents levels of
significant human exposure and, where known, signifi-
cant health effects. The adequacy of information to de-
termine the substance's health effects is described.
Research gaps in nontoxic health effects information
are described. Research gaps that are of significance
to the protection of public health will be identified in a
separate effort.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, *Chlordane, Exposure, Bioas-
say, Rats, Mice, Laboratory animals, Tables(Data),
Pesticides. Kinetics, Chemical analysis, Monitoring,
Public health, 'Carcinogenesis, 'Cancer, Mutagenicity
tests, Pollution sources, Environmental exposure path-
ways, Biological effects, CAS 12789-03-6.
PB90-1699S4/HSU	PC A13/MF A02
OAQPS (Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards) Control Cost Manual (Fourth Edition).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
W. M. Vatavuk. Jan 90,282p* EPA/450/3-90/006
See also PB87-166583.
The Manual compiles up-to-date capital costs, operat-
ing and maintenance expenses, and other costs for
'add-on' air pollution control systems and provides a
comprehensive, concise, consistent, and easy-to-use
procedure for estimating and (where appropriate) es-
calating these costs. ('Add-on' systems are those in-
stalled downstream of an air pollution source to control
its emissions.) The Manual estimating procedure rests
on the notion of the 'factored' or 'study' estimate,
nominally accurate to within + or - 30%. This type of
estimate is well suited to estimating control system
costs intended for use in regulatory development.
Study estimates are sufficiently accurate, yet do not re-
quire the detailed, site-specific data inputs needed to
make definitive or other more accurate types of esti-
mates.
Keywords: 'Cost analysis, * Air pollution control, 'Man-
agement planning. Manuals, Benefit cost analysis,
Capitalized costs, Operating costs, Maintenance, Na-
tional government, State government, Forecasting,
Error analysis, Cost estimates, Comparison, Air pollu-
tion control equipment, *US EPA, Environmental ef-
fects, Pollution regulations, Comprehensive planning.
PB90-170002/HSU	PC A99/MF A04
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Toxic Air Pollutant/Source Crosswalk: A Screen-
ing Tool for Locating Possible Sources Emitting
Toxic Air Pollutants. Second Edition. Fnal rept.
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
A. A. Pope, G. Brooks, T. Moody, C. Most, and G.
Patterson. Dec 09,766p EPA/450/2-89/017
Contract EPA-68-02-4392
See also PB88-161146 and PB88-163019. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Stand-
ards.
The report presents the 2nd edition of the Air Toxic
Pollutant/Source Crosswalk that associates emitting
source categories with specific air toxics compounds.
This is a qualitative association and does not provide
any information about the quantities of pollutants emit-
ted. The crosswalk contains pollutant names, Chemi-
cal Abstract Service (CAS) numbers, Standard Indus-
trial Classification (SIC) codes, and Source Classifica-
tion Codes (SCC's). The report contains 15,000 asso-
ciations for more than 1100 air toxic compounds, and
the second edition revises and expends the report. A
software system, XATEF, containing the crosswalk
has been developed for easy access and updating of
the data. Use of the system is explained in the EPA
report, Crosswalk Air Toxic Emission Factor Data Base
Management System User's Manual. EPA is making
available the system and data base records to agency
users upon request. The purpose of the report is to
offer a technical service to air pollution control agen-
cies in performing preliminary assessments of the
types and sources of toxic compounds in an area. The
crosswalk helps agencies to Identify the potential of
pollutants to be emitted from sources In an area.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Air pollution, Sources, Invento-
ries, Selection, Classifications, Computer systems pro-
grams, Government agencies, Identifying, Air pollution
control, Programming manuals, Standard Industrial
Classification, Source Classification Codes, Chemical
Abstract Services numbers.
PB90-171166/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet No. 209: Ethlon.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
30 Sep 89, 14p EPA/540/FS-90/075
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred: Issuance or reissuance
of a registration standard; Issuance of each special
review document; Registration of a significantly
changed use pattern; Registration of a new chemical;
or An immediate need for information to resolve con-
troversial issues relating to a specific chemical or use
pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides, Hazardous ma-
terials, Chemical properties, Regulations, Toxicology,
Ecology, Agricultural products, 'Toxic substances,
'Ethion, 'Organothiophosphate, BisphosphorodNh-
ioate/O-O-O'-O -tetraethyl S-S'-methylene, Path of pol-
lutants, Chemical information fact sheet, Use patterns.
Science findings, CAS 563-12-2.
PB90-171182/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 210: Fenpropathrtn.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
22 Dec 89,9p EPA/540/FS-90/080
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred: issuance or reissuance
of a registration standard; issuance of each special
review document; registration of a significantly
changed use pattern; registration of a new chemical;
or an immediate need for information to resolve cor^
troversial issues relating to a specific chemical or use
pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides, Hazardous ma-
terials, Chemical properties, Regulations. Toxicology,
Ecology, Agricultural products, 'Toxic substances,
'Danitol, 'Fenpropathrin, Cyclopropanecarboxylate/
aipha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-2-2-3-3-tetramethyl.
Path of pollutants, Chemical information fact sheet
Use patterns, Science findings, CAS 39515-41-8.
PB90-171568/HSU	PC A14/MF A02
Potential Effects of Global Climate Change on the
United States. Appendix C: Agriculture, Volume 1.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
J. B. Smith, and D. A. Tirpak. Dec 89,302p
See also PB89-161046, PB89-161053, PB89-161061
and Volume 2, Appendix C, PB90-171596.
The appendix contains back-up research studies for
The Potential Effects of Global Climate Change on the
United States report for Congress (1989). Volume 1 of
the studies includes the effect of climatic changeson
Agricultural production.
Keywords: 'Climatic changes, 'Agriculture, *United
States, Farm crops, Yield, Agricultural economics, Irri-
8ation, Water supply, Plant physiology, Plant growth,
iroughts, Carbon dioxide, Animal diseases, Green-
house effect. Insects, Populations. Cattle. Pottdea,
Global warming.
PB90-171596/HSU	PC A11/MF A02
Potential Effects of Global Climate Change on the
United States. Appendix C: Agriculture, Volume 2.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. DC
Office of Policy, Planning andEvaluation.
J. B. Smith, and D. A. Tirpak. May 89,236p
See also PB89-161046, PB89-161053, PB89-161M1
and Volume 1, Appendix C, PB90-171588.
The appendix contains back-up research studies ft*
The Potential Effects of Global Climate Change on the
United States report for Congress (1989). Volume 2 of
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
the studies includes effects of Climatic changes in the
United States.
Keywords: "Climatic changes, 'Agriculture, 'United
States, Farm crops, Yield, Agricultural economics, Irri-
Sation, Water supply, Plant physiology, Plant growth,
roughts, Carbon dioxide, Animal diseases, Green-
house effect, Insects, Populations, Cattle, Policies,
Global warming.
PB90-171778/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Guideline* tor Conducting the AHERA (Asbestos
Hazard Emergency Response Act) TEM (Trans-
mission Electron Microscopy) Clearance Test to
Determine Completion of an Asbestos Abatement
Project. Final rept.
Chesson Consulting, Washington, DC.
J Chesson, B. Leczynski, T. Berner, and T. Hudson.
May 89,31p* EPA/560/5-89/001
Contract EPA-68-02-4294
Prepared in cooperation with Battelle, Arlington, VA.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Toxic Substances.
Asbestos abatement carried out in schools is subject
to regulations under the Asbestos Hazard Emergency
Response Act of 1986 (AHERA). The AHERA rule (40
CFR Part 763) includes procedures for determining
when an asbestos abatement site is sufficiently clean
for the containment barriers to be removed. Aher the
abatement site has been subject to a thorough visual
inspection, air samples are collected. In most cases,
the samples must be analyzed by transmission elec-
tron microscopy (TEM). The document provides guid-
ance for conducting the TEM clearance test with em-
phasis on Interpretation of the results. The three com-
ponents of the test, the Initial Screening Test, the
Blank Contamination Test, and the Z-test, are de-
scribed and illustrated with numerical examples.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'School buildings, 'Air pollution
abatement, Chemical analysis, Guidelines, Site sur-
veys, Concentratlon(Composition), Barriers,
Forms(Paper), 'Indoor air pollution, 'Asbestos Hazard
Emergency Response Act of 1986, 'Air pollution de-
tection, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Transmission elec-
tron microscopy, Pollution regulations, Occupational
safety and health, Screening, Working conditions, Z
test, Clearances.
PB80-171901/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Pathogen Risk Assessment for Land Application
of Municipal Sludge. Volume 1. Methodology and
Computer Model.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Nov 89,158p EPA/600/6-90/002A
See also Volume 2, PB90-171919.
Section 405 of the Clean Water Act requires the U.S.
EPA to develop and issue regulations that identify:
uses for sludge including disposal; specific factors (in-
cluding costs) to be taken into account in determining
the measures and practices applicable tor each use or
disposal; and concentrations of pollutants that inter-
fere with each use or disposal. To comply with this
mandate, the U.S. EPA has embarked on a program to
develop four major technical regulations: land applica-
tion, including distribution and marketing; landfilllng; in-
cineration and surface disposal. The development of
these technical regulations requires a consideration of
pathogens as well as chemical constituents of sludge.
The purpose of the report is to describe a proposed
methodology and associated computer model de-
signed to assess the potential risks to human health
posed by pathogens in municipal sewage sludge ap-
plied to land as fertilizer or soil conditioner.
Keywords: 'Regulations, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Fer-
tilizers, Public health, Methodology, Manuals, Hazard-
ous materials, Computerized simulation, 'Municipal
wastes, 'Pathogens, 'Risk assessment.
PB90-171919/HSU	PC A13/MF A02
Pathogen Risk Assessment for Land Application
of Municipal Sludge. Volume 2. User's Manual.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Nov 89.281 p EPA/600/6-90/002B
See also Volume 1, PB90-171901.
Section 405 of the Clean Water Act requires the U.S.
EPA to develop and issue regulations that identify:
uses for sludge including disposal; specific factors (in-
cluding costs) to be taken into account in determining
the measures and practices applicable for each use or
disposal; and concentrations of pollutants that inter-
fere with each use or disposal. To comply with this
mandate, the U.S. EPA has embarked on a program to
develop four major technical regulations: land applica-
tion, including distribution and marketing; landfilling; in-
cineration and surface disposal. The development of
these technical regulations requires a consideration of
pathogens as well as chemical constituents of sludge.
The purpose of the report is to describe a proposed
methodology and associated computer model de-
signed to assess the potential risks to human health
posed by pathogens in municipal sewage sludge ap-
plied to land as fertilizer or soil conditioner.
Keywords: 'Regulations, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Fer-
tilizers, Public health, Models, Manuals, Hazardous
materials, Methodology, Computerized simulation,
'Municipal wastes, 'Pathogens, 'Risk assessment.
PB90-171927/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Adsorption of Organic Cations to Soils and Sub-
surface Materials. Rept. for Oct 87-Oct 89.
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Chemistry.
J. C. Westall, B. J. Brownawell, H. Chen, J. M. Collier,
and J. Hatfield. Feb 90,89p EPA/600/2-90/004
Grant EPA-R-814501
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
A study of the fundamentals of adsorption of amphiphi-
lic organic cations on natural and pristine surfaces was
conducted to elucidate the factors that influence the
extent of adsorption and indirect effects of adsorption
of organic cations: the competitive edsorption of or-
ganic cations and metal cations and enhanced adsorp-
tion of hydrophobic organic compounds on mineral
surfaces coated with organic cations. The sorbents
studied were kaolinite, montmorillonite, silica, alumina,
a soil, and two aquifer materials. The distribution ratio
of the alkylpyridinium depended strongly on the nature
and concentration of inorganic cations in solution, but
solution pH had little effect. The adsorption isotherms
were distinctly nonlinear. The adsorption of dodecyl-
pyridinium in the presence of various concentrations of
slats was described quantitatively with a multisite com-
petitive ion-exchange model. Dodecylpyridinium was
found to displace Cu(ll) effectively from Lula aquifer
material when the surface concentration of dodecyl-
pyridinium is within 10-100% of the adsorption maxi-
mum. Dodecylpyridinium on Lula aquifer material en-
hanced the sorption of chlorobenzenes.
Keywords: 'Adsorption, 'Cations, 'Soil analysis, In-
dustrial plants, Sorbents, Organic compounds, Waste
disposal, Surfactants, Aquifers, Metals, Physical prop-
erties, Mineral clays, Distribution theory, Minerals, Ka-
olinite, Silicon dioxide, Aluminum oxide, Montmorillon-
ite, 'Land pollution, 'Environmental transport, 'Path of
pollutants, 'Subsurface environments. Consumer
products, Remedial action, Pyridinium compounds.
PB90-171968/HSU	PC A15/MF A02
Potential Effects of Global Climate Change on the
United States. Appendix A. Water Resources.
Report to the Congress.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
J. B. Smith, and D. A. Tirpak. May 89,333p EPA/230/
05-89/051
See also PB89-161046, PB89-161053 and PB89-
161061.
Table of Contents: Interpretation of hydrologic effects
of climate change in the Sacramento-San Joaquin
River Basin, California; Methods for evaluating the po-
tential impacts of global climate change: case studies
of the State of California and Atlanta, Georgia; The im-
pacts of climate change on the salinity of San Francis-
co Bay; Effects of climate changes on the Laurentian
Great Lakes levels; Impact of global warming on Great
Lakes ice cycles; Potential climate changes to the
Lake Michigan thermal structure; The effects of cli-
mate warming on Lake Erie water quality; Impacts of
global warming on runoff in the upper Chattahoochee
River Basin; Potential impacts of climate change on
the Tennessee Valley Authority Reservoir system.
Keywords: 'Climatic changes, 'Greenhouse effect,
'Water resources, 'Air water interactions. Great
Lakes, Hydrology, California, United States, Reser-
voirs, Runoff, Water quality, San Francisco Bay,
Oceans, Air pollution. Carbon dioxide, Thermal meas-
urements, 'Global aspects, 'Environmental effects,
'Regional analysis, Case studies, General circulation
model.
PB90-172230/HSU	PC A10/MF A02
Potential Effects of Global Climate Change on the
United States. Appendix F. Air Quality. Report to
the Congress.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
J. B. Smith, and D. A. Tirpak. May 89,209p EPA/230/
05-89/056
See also PB89-161046, PB89-161053 and PB89-
161061.
The appendix contains back-up research studies for
The Potential Effects of Global Climate Change on the
United States report for Congress (1989).
Keywords: 'Carbon dioxide, 'Climatic changes, 'Air
pollution, Greenhouse effects, Atmospheric tempera-
ture, Seasonal variations, Graphs(Charts), Urban
areas, Troposphere, Ozone, Atmospheric composi-
tion, Atmospheric circulation. Plumes, Mathematical
models, Maps, Concentration(Composition), Global
warming, Acid rain.
PB90-172297/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Potential Effects of Global Climate Change on the
United States. Appendix E. Aquatic Resources.
Report to the Congress.
Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
J. B. Smith, arid D. A. Tirpak. May 89,182p EPA/230/
05-89/055
See also PB89-161046, PB89-161053, and PB89-
161061.
The appendix contains back-up research studies for
The Potential Effects of Global Climate Change on the
United States report for Congress (1989).
Keywords: 'Carbon dioxide, "Climatic changes, 'Air
pollution, 'Water pollution, Environmental impacts.
Greenhouse effect. Lakes, Streams, Ecology, Atmos-
pheric temperature, Estuaries, Rainfall, Mathematical
models. United States, Gloal warning, 'Wetlands,
Habitats.
PB90-172313/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Potential Effects of Global Climate Change on the
United States. Appendix H. Infrastructure. Report
to the Congress.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
J. B. Smith, and D. A. Tirpak. May 89,179p EPA/230/
05-89/058
See also PB89-161046, PB89-161053, and PB89-
161061.
The appendix contains back-up research studies for
The Potential Effects of Global Climate Change on the
United States report for Congress (1989).
Keywords: 'Atmospheric temperature, 'Climatic
changes, 'Air pollution, 'Regional planning, Green-
house effect, Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Water
supply, Electricity, Demand(Economics), Lake Michi-
gan, Environmental impacts, Cargo tranportation, Lake
Erie, 'Global warming, Water levels, Energy costs.
PB90-172560/HSU	PC A11/MF A02
MOUSE (Modular Oriented Uncertainty SystEm): A
Computerized Uncertainty Analysis System. Oper-
ational Manual.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
A. J. Klee. Jan 90,233p* EPA/600/8-89/102A, EPA/
SW/DK-90/019A
For system on diskette, see PB90-501370.
MOUSE (Modular Oriented Uncertainty SystEm) deals
with the problem of uncertainties in models that con-
sist of one or more algebraic equations. It was espe-
cially designed for use by those with little or no knowl-
edge of computer languages or programming. It is
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
compact (and thus can be run on almost any personal
computer), it is easy and last to learn, and has most of
the features lor substantive uncertainty analysis (built-
in probability distributions, plotting and graphing capa-
bilities, sensitivity analysis, interest functions for cost
analyses, etc.). Moreover, a series of unique compan-
ion utility programs not only write much of the neces-
sary computer code for the user and help in analyzing
sample data to determine the probability distributions
that best suit that data, but they check each program
for errors in syntax, and assist in finding logical errors
in the models under study.
Keywords: "Risk, Simulation, Monte Carlo method,
Mathematical models, Stochastic processes, Cost
analysis, Systems analysis, Documentation, 'Environ-
mental impact assessments.
PB90-172586/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Development of County-Level Wind Erosion and
Unpsved Road Alkaline Emission Estimates (or
the 1985 NAPAP (National Acid Precipitation As-
sessment Program) Emissions Inventory. Docu-
mentation. Final rept.
Pechan (E.H.) and Associates, Inc., Durham, NC,
W. R. Barnard. Jan 90,174p EPA/600/7-90/005,
EPA/DF/DK-90/023A
Contract EPA-68-02-4271
For system on diskette, see PB90-501412. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research
Lab.
The report details the methods used and the result of
the conversion of the National Acid Precipitation As-
sessment Program's (NAPAP's) alkaline material
emissions information for wind erosion, unpaved
roads, and dust devils from their current spatial resolu-
tion to county-level resolution. Additionally, methods
for converting the county-level data to NAPAP's Mod-
elers Inventory grid system are proposed. NAPAP is
developing a nationwide emissions inventory of sub-
stances contributing to acid precipitation. Also of inter-
est are substances that can neutralize acids in precipi-
tation. Information from NAPAP's natural sources task
group on the emissions of alkaline materials (calcium,
magnesium, potassium, and sodium) is available, but
the spatial resolution is not currently in a form that
lends itself to use by either the National Emissions
Data System or modelers using the NAPAP Resolved
Modelers Inventory grid system.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, "Dust, "Alkalinity, Roads,
Wind erosion, Precipitation(Meteorology), Counties,
Mathematical models, Tables(Data), Documentation,
"Foreign technology, "Acid rain, "Emission factors,
Dust devils, Stationary sources, Air pollution control.
PB90-172628/HSU	PC A12/MF A02
Potential Effects of Global Climste Change on the
United States. Appendix B. Sea Level Rise. Report
to the Congress.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
J. B. Smith, and D. A. Tirpak. May 89,274p EPA/230/
05-89/052
See also PB89-161046, PB89-161053, and PB89-
161061.
The appendix contains back-up research studies for
The Potential Effects of Global Climate Change on the
United States report for Congress (1989).
Keywords: "Atmospheric temperature, "Climatic
changes, "Regional planning, Carbon dioxide, Nitro-
gen oxides, Methane, National government, Govern-
ment policies, Environmental impacts, Greenhouse
effect, Industries, Fluorohydrocaroons, Ozone, Agri-
culture, Water supply, Economic factors, California.
PB90-173188/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Potential Effects of Global Climate Change on the
United States. Appendix J. Policy. Report to the
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
j. B. Smith, and D. A. Tirpak. May 89,190p EPA/230/
See 9alS0° PB89-161046, PB89-161053 and PB89-
161061.
The appendix contains back-up research studies for
The Potential Effects of Global Climate Change on the
United States report for Congress (1989).
Keywords: 'Atmospheric temperature, "Carbon diox-
ide, 'Climatic changes, "Government policies, Atmos-
pheric circulation, Gases, Mathematical models, Esti-
mates, Concentration(Composition), Environmental
impacts. Agriculture, Social effect, Economic impact,
Seasonal variations, Graphs(Charts), United States,
Global warming.
PB90-173238/HSU	PC A11/MF A02
Potential Effects of Global Climate Change on the
United States. Appendix D. Forests. Report to the
Congress.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
J. B. Smith, and D. A. Tirpak. May 89,235p EPA/230/
05-89/054
See also PB89-161046, PB89-161053 and PB89-
161061.
The appendix contains back-up research studies for
The Potential Effects of Global Climate Change on the
United States report for Congress (1989).
Keywords: 'Climatic changes, 'Atmospheric tempera-
ture, "Forestry, "United States, Carbon dioxide, At-
mospheric temperature, Greenhouse effect, Vegeta-
tion, Forest trees, California, Droughts, Mathematical
models,	Ecological	succession,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Great Lakes
Region(United States).
PB90-173469/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Inside Story: A Guide to Indoor Air Quality - How
Well is It Working. Risk Communication Series.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
D. Synstelien. 10 Jan 90,56p EPA/230/01-90/073
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and
the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission devel-
oped a booklet entitled 'The Inside Story: A Guide to
Indoor Air Quality,' designed to provide information for
the general public. The report describes the small
scale evaluation of the effectiveness of the booklet.
The study appears to be one of the first attempts to de-
termine how information materials requested by
households actually are used by them. The evaluation
examined the share of requesters who read the book-
let; changes in their knowledge about indoor air pollu-
tion causes, and knowledge about testing and mitiga-
tion. The evaluation also asked whether respondents
had tested or taken action to reduce their exposure to
indoor air pollution.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, Guidelines, Public
health, Houses, Public opinion, Exposure, Education,
Questionnaires, Environmental surveys, 'Indoor air
pollution, "Air quality, "Public information, "Risk as-
sessment, 'Information dissemination, Mitigation.
PB90-173899/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Potential Effects of Global Climate Change on the
United States. Appendix 1. Variability. Report to
the Congress.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
J. B. Smith, and D. A. Tirpak. Jun 89,110p EPA/230/
05-89/059
See also PB89-161046, PB89-161053 and PB89-
161061.
The appendix contains weather variability research
studies for The Potential Effects of Global Climate
Change on the United States report for Congress
(1989).
Keywords: "Atmospheric temperature, "Climatic
changes, 'Variability, 'Air pollution, Atmospheric circu-
lation, Mathematical models, Carbon dioxide, Gases,
Weather observations, Periodic variations,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Comparison, Solar radi-
ation, Humidity, Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data), United
PB90-173881/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Potential Effects of Global Climate Change on the
United States. Appendix G. Health. Report to the
Congress.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
J. B. Smith, and D. A. Tirpak. Jun 89,109p EPA/230/
05-89/057
See also PB89-161046, PB89-161053, and PB89-
161061.
The appendix contains health research studies for The
Potential Effects of Global Climate Change on the
United States report for Congress (1989).
Keywords: 'Atmospheric temperature, 'Climatic
changes, "Public health, Humans, Carbon dioxide,
Mortality, Weather, Disease vectors, Infectious dis-
eases, United States, Greenhouse effect, Computer-
ized simulation, Populations, Census, Global warming.
Air pollution effects(Humans), Trace gases.
State's, Global warming.
PB90-173949/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 211: Oryzalin.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
30 Jun 87,9p EPA/540/FS-90/081
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred: Issuance or reissuance
of a registration standard, Issuance of each special
review document, Registration of a significantly
changed use pattern, Registration of a new chemical,
or An Immediate need for information to resolve con-
troversial issues relating to a specific chemical or use
pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Herbicides, Hazardous mate-
rials, Chemical properties, Regulations, Toxicology,
Ecology, Agricultural products, Sulfanilamide, "Toxic
substances, 'Oryzalin, Anilines/dinitro, Chemical in-
formation fact sheet, Path of pollutants, Use patterns,
Science findings, CAS 19044-88-3, Suifanilamide/&-&-
dinitro-N4-N4-dipropyl.
PBS0-174137/HSU	PC A09/MF A02
Guidance for the Reregistratlon of PeettcMa
Product* Containing Orzyalln as the Active Ingre-
dient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
30 Jun 87,193p EPA/540/RS-90/082
The document contains information regarding the re-
registration of pesticide products containing the sub-
ject active ingredient. The document includes how to
register under a reregistration standard, regulatory po-
sition and rationale, and summaries of data require-
ments and data gaps. Also included is a bibliography
containing citations of all studies reviewed by EPA In
arriving at the positions and conclusions contained in
the standard, the document includes the information
on pesticide products containing oryzalin as the active
ingredient.
'Pesticides, 'Herbicides,
Ecology, SUItonnamiae, uBneircs, oianaarus, lautcte-
lines, 'Reregistration, 'Oryzalin, 'Toxic substances.
Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act,
Sulfanilamide/3-5-dinitro-N4-N4-dipropyl, CAS 19044-
88-3.
PB90-174434/H8U	PC A04/MF A01
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1989: Section-By.
Section Analysis.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of External Affairs.
20 Jul 89, 72p
Contents: Provisions for attainment and maintenance
of ambient air quality standards; Provisions relating to
mobile sources; Hazardous air pollutants; Permits-
Acid deposition control,' Provisions relating to enforcJI
ment; Miscellaneous provisions.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: *Law(Jurisprudence), *Air pollution,
*States(United States), Air pollution control. Air quality,
Analyzing, Maintenance, Planning, Sources, Licenses,
Hazardous materials, Law enforcement, 'Amend-
ments, * Air pollution standards.
PB90-174855/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
SARA (Superfund Amendments and Reauthoriza-
tion Act) Section 313 Roadmaps Data Base.
User's Manual. Version 2.10. Final rept.
ICF, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
14 Jul 89,87p* EPA/DF/DK-90/021 A,, EPA/560/2-
90/001
For system on diskettes, see PB90-501487. See also
PB90-501479. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic Sub-
stances.
EPA has developed a database of sources of informa-
tion on the chemicals listed in section 313 of the Su-
perfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
(SARA). The database is intended to assist users of
section 313 Toxic Release Inventory data to perform
exposure and risk assessments of these chemicals.
The Roadmaps system displays and/or prints informa-
tion for the SARA section 313 chemicals on health and
environmental effects, Federal regulation, and state air
and water regulations, monitoring data, and state con-
tacts.
Keywords: 'Exposure, 'Risk, Hazardous materials,
Regulations, Monitoring, Water quality, Documenta-
tion, 'Toxic substances, Chemicals, Environmental im-
pacts, Federal law, Air quality, User
manuals(Computer programs).
PB90-177833/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9):
Kopper's (Orovllle Plant), CA. (First Remedial
Action), September 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
13 Sep 89,74p EPA/ROD/R09-89/037
The Koppers (Oroville Plant) site is a 200-acre operat-
ing wood treating plant in Butte County, California, just
south of Orovllle. Although there is a history of wood
treating operations at the site, wood treating oper-
ations were greatly expanded In 1955 when Koppers
Company, Inc. became the owner and operator.
Chemical preservatives including pentachlophenol
(PCP), creosote, and chlorinated copper arsenate so-
lution have been used in the wood treating processes.
Wastewater discharge and other site activities have re-
sulted In contamination of unlined ponds, soil, and
debris. Pursuant to a State order, Koppers conducted
cleanup activities from 1973-74, including ground
water pumping and discharge to spray fields and off-
site disposal of contaminated debris, and process
changes, including construction of a wastewater treat-
ment plant In 1986 Koppers provided an alternate
water supply for domestic uses to affected residents.
The selected remedial action for this site includes a
soil component and a ground water component.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste
disposal, Site surveys, Public health, Water pollution,
Soil properties, Ground water, Pumping, Wood pre-
servatives, Industrial waste treatment, Benzene, Tolu-
ene Metals, Refuse, Record of Decision, 'Superfund
program, Butte County(California), Oroville(Californla),
Volatile organic compounds, First Remedial Action.
PB90-177S41/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
Windom Dump, Wlndom, MN. (First Remedial
Action), September 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89,53p EPA/ROD/R05-89/116
The 11-acre Windom Dump site is a former municipal
landfill in Windom, Cottonwood County, Minnesota.
Land use In the vicinity of the site includes residential
areas and commercial, industrial, and agricultural op-
erations. City water supply wells northwest of the site
lie downgradient of the landfill. Landfilling operations
began in the 1930s and continued until 1974. During
jftteperiod paint sludges from a large manufacturing
operation were disposed of along with municipal
refuse resulting In low levels of toxic substances con-
taminating an underlying aquifer, which is used as a
water supply. The primary contaminants of concern af-
fecting the ground water are VOCs including benzene,
PCE, and TCE; metals including arsenic; and other in-
organics. The selected remedial action for this site in-
cludes grading and capping the fill area with a 2 foot
clay cap overlain by one foot of granular material, top-
soil, and new vegetation; modifying the existing munici-
pal water plant by installing additional aeration nozzles
and structure venting; and ground water monitoring.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste
disposal, Municipalities, Site surveys, Public health,
Water pollution, Aquifers, Water supply, Ground water,
Monitoring, Benzene, Metals, Arsenic, Coverings, Clay
soils, Vegetation, Aeration, 'Superfund program,
Windom(Minnesota), Volatile organic compounds,
Cleanup.
PB90-177858/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 7):
Vogel Paint and Wax, Maurice, IA. (First Remedial
Action), September 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
20 Sep 89,47p EPA/ROD/R07-89/027
The Vogel Paint and Wax (VPW) site is an approxi-
mately two-acre disposal area two miles southwest of
the town of Maurice, in Sioux County, Iowa. Adjacent
land uses are primarily agricultural; however, several
private residences are within one-quarter mile of the
site. A surficial sand and gravel aquifer underlies the
site and supplies nearby private wells and the South-
ern Sioux County Rural Water System, located a mile
and one half southeast of the site. Paint sludge, resins,
solvents, and other paint manufacturing wastes were
disposed of at the site between 1971 and 1979. VPW
records indicate that approximately 43,000 gallons of
aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and 6,000
pounds of metals waste were buried at the site. The
primary contaminants of concern affecting the soil and
ground water are VOCs including benzene, toluene,
and xylenes; and metals including chromium and lead.
The selected remedial action for this site includes ex-
cavation of contaminated soil and separation of solid
and liquid wastes; onsite bioremediation of 3,000 cubic
yards of the contaminated soil in a fully contained sur-
face impoundment unit, or onsite thermal treatment if
soil contains high metal content; and stabilization of
treated soil, if necessary to prevent leaching of metals,
followed by disposal in the excavated area.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste
disposal. Site surveys, Public health, Water pollution,
Paint, Resins, Solvents, Industrial wastes. Excavation,
Separation, Hydrocarbons, Metals, Soils, Ground
water, Chromium, Monitoring, 'Superfund, Record of
Decision, First Remedial Action, Volatile organic com-
pounds, Sioux County(lowa).
PB90-177666/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Dedalon (EPA Region 2):
Vlneland State School, New Jersey (First Remedi-
al Action). September 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Sep 69,107p EPA ROD/R02-89/092
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The 195-acre Vlneland State School site is in the
northern part of the city of Vineland, Cumberland
County, New Jersey. The site overlies three aquifers
which serve as major sources of drinking water for the
county. There were numerous allegations of improper
waste disposal at five separate onsite subsites. Sub-
site 1, a former landfill which has since been used to
covered and vegetated, reportedly had been used to
dump mercury- and arsenic-contaminated pesticides.
At subsite 2, PCB-contaminated fluid spilled and
spread over a 1-acre area. The State remediated sub-
site 2 in 1988, which included demolishing and dispos-
ing of approximately 3,900 tons of PCB-contaminated
soli and concrete pads offsite. Subsite 3 was a gar-
bage dump for 10 years before being backfilled and
used as a baseball field. Subsites 4 and 5 were pits
where transformer oils and chemicals were dumped in
the mid 1950s. Investigation results of the subsites ex-
cluding subsite 2, which was cleaned up in 1988, re-
vealed only low levels of contamination.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste
disposal, Site surveys, Public health, Water pollution,
Aquifers, Chlorine organic compounds, Biphenyl,
Soils, Contamination, Tests, 'Superfund, Record of
Decision, VinelandfNew Jersey), Chemicals.
PB90-177874/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9):
South Bay Asbestos Area, CA. (Second Remedial
Action), September 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89,37p EPA/ROD/R09-89/044
See also PB89-204846.
The South Bay Asbestos Area site is at the northern
end of the Santa Clara Valley and at the southern end
of the San Francisco Bay, in San Jose, California.
From 1953 to 1982 the site operated as an asbestos-
cement pipe manufacturing plant with asbestos-con-
taminated waste being disposed of onsite in three
landfills. In 1983 the State collected soil samples
which revealed that asbestos was randomly distributed
throughout AAlviso, including the Alviso Rim levee.
The State also determined that the Guadalupe River
levee contained asbestos-contaminated waste debris
and soil. The first ROD addressed contamination at
the rim levee. The second and final ROD addresses
the asbestos contamination found at the remainder of
the site. The primary contaminant of concern affecting
the soil, debris, and air is asbestos. The selected re-
medial action includes paving approximately 128,500
square yards of an asbestos-contaminated truck yard
and industrial yard; controlling dust emissions through
monthly wet sweeping of streets; offsite disposal of as-
bestos-contaminated debris; air monitoring; and imple-
mentation of deed restrictions and other institutional
controls.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste
disposal, 'Santa Clara Valley, Asbestos, Site surveys,
Public health, Pollution control, Air pollution, Soils, Ex-
posure, Wildlife, Marshes, Paving, Dust control, Mpni-
toring, Regulations, 'Superfund, Record of Decision,
Second Remedial Action, 'San Jose(California).
PB90-178013/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
SMS Instruments, Deer Park, Suffolk County, New
York (First Remedial Action), September 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89,102p EPA/ROD/R02-89/083
The 1,5-acre SMS Instruments site is in a light industri-
al and residential area of Deer Park, Suffolk County,
New York. Since 1967 the site has been operated as
an industrial facility which overhauls military aircraft
components. In 1980 the site owner removed 800 gal-
lons of VOC- and metal-contaminated wastewater
from the pool, and subsequently filled it with sand and
sealed all drain pipes. In 1981 the county required the
site owner to leak test a 6,000 gallon underground
storage tank (UST) used to store jet fuel. Because
tests indicated leakage, the tank was emptied and, in
1988, was excavated and removed. This Record of
Decision represents the first of two operable units at
the site and addresses ground water and soil contami-
nation. The selected remedial action for the site in-
cludes treating approximately 1,250 cubic yards of soil
using in situ steam stripping or air stripping depending
on the results of a planned treatability study.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste
disposal, Industrial wastes, Site surveys, Water pollu-
tion, Aircraft, Refuse, Metals, Removal, Storage tanks,
Fuels, Leakage, Ground water, Soils, Excavation,
Waste treatment, 'Superfund, Deer Park(New York),
First Remedial Action, Record of Decision, 'Suffock
County(New York), Volatile organic compounds. Air
stripping.
PB90-178021/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
New Brighton/Arden Hills, Minnesota (Fourth Re-
medial Action), (Amendment), August 1969.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
11 Aug 89,13p EPA/ROD/R05-89/117
The New Brighton/Arden Hills site is an area of organ-
ic solvent contamination in ground water northwest of
Minneapolis, Minnesota. The site includes the cities of
New Bnghton, Arden Hills, and St. Anthony as well as
the Twin Cities Army Ammunition plant The Record of
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Decision (ROD) amends a June 1986 ROD calling for
the installation of a new well to provide part of the
drinking water supply to New Brighton. EPA has con-
cluded that a new well is no longer necessary to pro-
tect human health in New Brighton. Originally it was
anticipated that low contamination levels in Well No. 7
(one of nine municipal wells) could not be assured and
that a replacement well in a deeper aquifer was
needed to provide an alternate supply of water. How-
ever, further data from Well No. 7 indicate contamina-
tion is not increasing. A large water supply will be pro-
vided by the U.S. Army to New Brighton as part of a liti-
gation settlement, and a system has been installed by
the U.S. Army to prevent further contamination from
the suspected sources.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
Municipalities, Site surveys, Public health, Water pollu-
tion, Ground water, Water supply, Water wells, Con-
struction, Military facilities, Solvents, "Superfund,
Record of Decision, Fourth Remedial Action,
Minneapolis(Minnesota).
PB90-178039/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
Motco Superfund Site, La Marque, Texas (Second
Remedial Action), September 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
27 Sep 89,118p EPA/ROD/R06-89/052
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The 11-acre Motco site is in La Marque, Galveston
County, Texas. Pits were used by a styrene tar recy-
cling business which operated from 1959 to 1961, and
by an industrial chemical waste disposal facility from
1961 to 1968. In 1984 an initial remedial measure
(IRM) was conducted by EPA and included removal
and offsite disposal of wastes from nine above ground
storage tanks. The first operable unit for the site was
issued in 1985 and dealt with source control measures
including excavation of the onsite waste pits, which
contained 12 million gallons of contaminated water
and organic liquids, down to the sludge/soil interface
plus one foot, and incineration of those wastes. The
Record of Decision represents the second and final
operable unit, management of migration, for the site
and addresses the subsurface beneath the waste pits
and offsite contamination of the ground water, soil,
and sediment. Ground water at the site is found in a
Transmissive Zone and the underlying Upper Chicot
aquifer. The primary contaminants of concern affecting
the soil, sediment, and ground water are VOCs includ-
ing benzene; other organics including PAHs; and
metals including arsenic, chromium, and lead.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, Ground
water, Water pollution, Aromatic polycycllc hydrocar-
bons, Arsenic, Chromium, Lead(Metal) Public health,
Cost analysis, Solid waste disposal, 'Superfund pro-
gram, 'Remedial actions, La MarquefTexas), Volatile
organic compounds, Soil contamination, Liquid waste
disposal.
PB90-178047/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Henderson Road NPL Site, Upper Merlon Town-
ship, Pennsylvania (Second Remedial Action),
September 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89,128p EPA/ROD/R03-89/081
tion, Refuse, Reservoirs, Liquids, Excavation, Waste
treatment, Pumping, 'Superfund, Record of Decision,
Second Remedial Action, Volatile organic compounds,
'Upper Merion Township(Pennsylvania), Air strippers.
PB90-178104/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2): Pl-
catlnny Arsenal, NJ. (First Remedial Action), Sep-
tember 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
28 Sep 89,85p EPA/ROD/R02-89/093
The Picatinny Arsenal is a munitions and weapons re-
search and development installation covering 6,491
acres and containing 1,500 buildings in Morris County,
near the city of Dover, New Jersey. Ground water con-
tamination above State and Federal action levels has
been detected in the vicinity of Building 24, where past
wastewater treatment practices resulted in the infiltra-
tion of metal plating waste constituents (i.e., VOCs and
heavy metals) into the ground water. Two unlined la-
goons alongside Building 24, thought to be a source of
contamination, was eliminated during a 1981 action
during which the unlined lagoons were demolished,
contaminated soil removed, and two concrete lagoons
installed. Two additional potential sources of contami-
nation are a dry well at Building 24 and a former drum
storage area at Building 31, directly across the street
from Building 24. The interim ground water cleanup
remedy is designed to prevent deterioration to Green
Pond Brook, a major drainage artery onsite, while the
Arsenal a a whole is evaluated. The primary contami-
nants of concern affecting the ground water are VOCs
including TCE and metals.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, Water pollution, Cost
analysis, Public health, 'Superfund program, 'Remedi-
al actions, Liquid waste disposal, Morris County(New
Jersey), Soil contamination, Volatile organic com-
pounds, Heavy metals.
PB90-178112/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Havertown PCP Site, Heverford Township, Dela-
ware County, Pennsylvania (First Remedial
Action), September 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89, 58p EPA/ROD/R03-89/076
The Havertown PCP site is in Havertown, Delaware
County, Pennsylvania, approximately 10 miles west of
Philadelphia. This 12- to 15-acre site consists of a
wood treatment facility, an adjacent manufacturing fa-
cility, and Naylors Run Creek which drains the area.
Contamination at the site is due to improper disposal
of wastes generated from wood preserving operations.
From 1947 to 1963 PCP-contaminated oil was dumped
into a well. In 1972 the State identified contaminated
ground water discharging from a storm sewer into Nay-
lors Run. In 1988 EPA installed a catch basin in Nay-
lors Run to trap discharge from the storm sewer pipe.
This Record of Decision (ROD), will address the reme-
diation of surface water and the disposal of drummed
and tanked wastes. A subsequent ROD will address
the impact of contaminated soil on ground water con-
tamination at the site. The primary contaminants of
concern affecting the surface water are VOCs includ-
ing benzene, toluene and TCE; other organics includ-
ing phenols, dioxins, PCP, and PAHs; metals including
arsenic and chromium; and oils.
The Henderson Road site is a 7.6-acre site in Upper
Merion Township, Pennsylvania. O'Hara Sanitation
Company, Inc. has used the site for waste storage,
waste recycling, vehicle maintenance, and parking and
office facilities since 1974. The site is bounded by the
Pennsylvania Turnpike, the Conrail property including
train tracks, Henderson Road, and Frog Run. In 1974
William J. O'Hara, Inc. began landfilJing trash and con-
struction debris on central and eastern portions of the
site until 1984. The first operable unit for the site, as
described in a June 1988 Record of Decision, included
pumping and treatment, using air strippers, of contami-
nated ground water. This will be accompanied by addi-
tional characterization of the injection well, excavation
of oil pit sediment if found, and removal of significant
waste within the well.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste
disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Industrial
wastes, Injection wells, Benzene, Toluene, Construc-
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste
disposal, Wood preservatives, Site surveys. Public
health, Water pollution, Manufacturing, Ground water,
Storage tanks, Benzene, Toluene, Metals, Oils, Sepa-
rators, Waste treatment, 'Superfund, Record of Deci-
sion, First Remedial Action, Delaware
County(Pennsylvania), 'Volatile organic compounds,
Havertown(Pennsylvania).
PB90-178120/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Ionia City Landfill, Ionia, Michigan (Firet Remedial
Action, September 1989).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergencyand Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89,60p EPA/ROD/R05-89/105
The Ionia City Landfill site is a 20-acre municipally
owned landfill in the southeast corner of Ionia, Michi-
gan. The landfill was operated from the 1950s until
about 1969, during which time industrial, commercial,
and municipal wastes were disposed of at the site, in-
cluding drummed liquids and solids from industrial
sources. Drums of ignitable liquid wastes were report-
edly burned until 1965. A State investigation in 1981
revealed exposed drums containing paint wastes, thin-
ners, and industrial solvents as well as elevated levels
of metals. Furthermore VOC- and metal-contaminated
ground water was detected. EPA investigations began
in 1982 and revealed VOC contamination in the Grand
River tributary surface water. The primary contami-
nants of concern affecting the soil and debris are
VOCs including vinyl chloride and methyl chloride,
other organics, and metals including chromium.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes. 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, Public
health, Water pollution, Cost analysis, 'Superfund pro-
gram, 'Remedial actions, 'Municipal wastes, Volatile
organic compounds, Liquid waste disposed,
lonia(Michigan), Soil contamination.
PB90-178179/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2k
Pepe Field, Boonton, Morris County, New Jersey
(First Remedial Action), September 1989. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89,51 p EPA/ROD/R02-89/091
The Pepe Field site is a former disposal area in the
town of Boonton, Morris County, New Jersey. From
1935 to 1950 the E.F. Drew Company used the site to
dispose of wastes generated from processing vegeta-
ble oils and soap products. Materials reportedly de-
posited onsite by the E.F. Drew Company were diato-
maceous earth and activated carbon filter residue; In-
cinerator and boiler ash; boiler ash; lime sludge; and
soap residue. Investigations revealed gas concentra-
tions exceeding the Tower explosive limit in the soil
vapor at the perimeter of the site and in an apparent
soil gas plume extending below the property adjacent
to the site. The primary contaminants of concern af-
fecting the soil found in the landfill include hydrogen
sulfide and methane gases. The selected remedial
action for this site includes maintaining the site cover
installing and maintaining a landfill gas collection and
treatment system using carbon adsorption; disposing
of carbon offsite; upgrading and maintaining the aids?
ing leachage collection and treatment system; and
ground water monitoring.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste
disposal, Municipalities, Site surveys, Water pollution
Hydrogen sulfide, Methane, Soils, Odor control'
Gases, Carbon, Adsorption. Waste treatment, Mainte^
nance, Residues, Soap, Incinerators, Ground water
Monitoring, 'Superfund, Record of Decision, First Re^
medial Action, *Boonton(New Jersey), Leachates.
PB90-178187/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region flfc
Auto Ion Chemicals, Kalamazoo, Michigan (First
Remedial Action), September 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
27 Sep 89,59p EPA/ROD/R05-89/103
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Auto Ion Chemicals site is a former plating waste treat-
ment and disposal facility occupying approximately 1 5
acres of vacant, fenced land in Kalamazoo, Michigan.
Ground water at the site is not currently used as a
source of drinking water. From 1964 to 1973 the facility
received chrome and cyanide plating waste. Heavy
metals were precipitated from the plating waste ana
deposited in an onsite lagoon, and wastewater was
discharged to the sanitary sewer. Leaks and spills from
storage tanks, lagoon seepage, and other site activi-
ties resulted in soil contamination. In 1983 EPA con-
ducted an emergency surface removal and, in 19Q6
they demolished the site structures which housed
tanks and storage facilities. The selected remedial
action for this site includes excavation and offsite sta-
bilization of approximately 7,200 cubic yards of con-
taminated soil; offsite disposal of treated soil in an ao-
lanW Hieivteal araa
proved land disposal area!
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal
Site surveys, Water pollution, Flood plains, Ground
water, Organic compounds, Metals, Arsenic, Chroml-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
um, Lead(Metal), Excavation, Waste treatment, Stor-
age tanks, Soil stabilization, Michigan, "Superfund,
Record of Decision, First Remedial Action,
'Kalamazoo(Michigan).
PB90-178195/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 7): Ar-
kansas City Dump Site, Arkansas City, Kansas
(Second Remedial Action), September 1989. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
19 Sep 89,24p EPA/ROD/R07-89/028
See also PB89-182455.
The 200-acre Arkansas City Dump site, in Arkansas
City. Cowley County, Kansas, abuts a levee to the west
and south which separates the site from the Arkansas
River. Between 1916 and 1927, an oil refinery was op-
erated onsite processing between 6,000 and 12,000
barrels of oil per day. After an explosion destroyed the
refinery in 1927, the site was used as a municipal land-
fill. The refinery treated petroleum fractions with sulfu-
ric acid to improve color and to remove asphaltenes,
paraffins, and resinous substances generating acid
sludge waste in the process. The sludge waste was
disposed of onsite in earthen pits in the north waste
area and remediation of the area was addressed in a
1988 Record of Decision (ROD), as operable unit one.
The second and final operable unit addressed the re-
mainder of the site, which contains subsurface petrole-
um contaminants trapped in the soil below the water
table as a result of petroleum spills. Results from re-
medial investigations revealed only low levels of soil
and ground water contamination due to onsite disposal
of municipal wastes. These contaminants, however,
are not being released in significant concentrations
and do not pose a significant threat to human health or
the environment.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, Public health, Water pollu-
tion, Petroleum, 'Superfund program, 'Municipal
wastes, Liquid waste disposal, Arkansas City(Kansas),
Soil contamination.
PB90-178203/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) Technical
Center, Atlantic County, New Jersey (First Reme-
dial Action), September 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
26 Sep 89,64p EPA/ROD/R02-89/094
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The 5,000-acre multipurpose FAA Technical Center
site is a Federal Facility eight miles northwest of Atlan-
tic City, in Atlantic County, New Jersey. Atlantic City's
municipal water supply is provided by nine ground
water supply wells located (ust north of the reservoir
on FAA property as well as by water drawn directly
from the reservoir. Land use In the site vicinity includes
forested land and commercial and residential areas.
There are 25 known areas of contamination at the FAA
Technical Center. Further areas of contamination will
be addressed in future Records of Decision. Soil and
ground water at the site are contaminated with VOCs
apparently attributable to the jet fuel farm. Subsurface
jet fuel contamination is probably the result of leaking
pipes, storage tanks, and spills associated with above-
ground and underground storage tanks, associated
vtUves, piping, and dry wells, or a truck loading stand.
Ae an Interim remedial measure, free product recovery
pumps were installed In 1988-89 in three onsite wells
to recover the hydrocarbon plume floating on the
water table. The primary contaminants of concern af-
fecting the soil and ground water are VOCs including
benzene, toluene, and xylenes; and other organics in-
cluding PAHs (naphthalene) and phenols.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Waste disposal, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Industrial wastes, 'Site surveys, Aromatic
polycyclic hydrocarbons, Cost analysis, water pollu-
tion, Ground water, Public health, 'Superfund pro-
gram, 'Remedial actions, Volatile organic compounds,
Atlantic City(New Jersey), Soil contamination.
PB90-178302/HSU	PC A11/MF A02
Communicating Radon Risk Effectively; A Mid-
Course Evaluation. Interim rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy Analysis.
V. K. Smith, W. H. Desvousges, A. Fisher, and F. R.
Johnson. Jul 87,244p EPA/230/07-87/029
Prepared in cooperation with Vanderbilt Univ., Nash-
ville, TN., North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh, and
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A panel of 2300 homeowners was divided into sub-
groups to test the effectiveness of six alternative ways
of explaining the risk from naturally occurring radon
gas. the research design focused on two dimensions:
Qualitative vs. quantitative and directive vs. evaluative.
These characteristics led to 4 experimental booklets,
which were compared with EPA's Citizen's Guide and
a one-page fact sheet. The evaluation examined how
much people learned about radon; whether they could
form risk perceptions consistent with their home's
measured radon level; and whether they felt they had
enough Information to make a decision about mitiga-
tion. The fact sheet did not perform well on any of
these evaluation criteria. None of the five booklets
clearly was best for all 3 evaluation criteria; the report
discusses the implications for designing an effective
radon risk communication program.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Houses, 'Public health, Qualita-
tive analysis, Quantitative analysis, Education, Com-
parison, Research projects, Forecasting, Natural ra-
dioactivity, Exposure, 'Risk assessment, 'Public infor-
mation, 'Technology transfer, 'Indoor air pollution,
Mitigation, Pollution regulations, Air pollution
effects(Humans).
PB90-178500/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Kysor Industrial, Cadillac, Michigan (First Remedi-
al Action), September 1989. Final rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89,142p EPA/ROD/R05-89/113
The Kysor facility is a large truck parts manufacturing
plant in the Cadillac industrial park in the city of Cadil-
lac, Wexford County, Michigan. Approximately 40 in-
dustries operate in the 1-square-mile industrial park in-
cluding Northernaire, another Superfund site. The
Kysorfacility commonly uses solvent cleaner and de-
greasers; past disposal practices included dumping
Barrels of spent solvent directly on the soil behind the
plant. Kysor excavated approximately 700 cubic yards
of soil in 1981 after contaminants were discovered in
ground water samples. The selected remedial action
for the site includes a two-stage ground water pumping
and treatment system using carbon adsorption for the
removal of chromium and air stripping with vapor-
phase carbon adsorption for the removal of VOCs.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste
disposal. Site surveys, Water pollution, Industrial
wastes, Ground water, Solvents, Decreasing, Soils.
Excavation, Toluene, Xylene, Metals, Pumping, Waste
treatment, 'Superfund, Record of Decision, First Re-
medial Action, 'Wexford County(Michigan),
Cadillac(Michigan), Volatile organic compounds.
PB90-178518/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5): In-
dustrial Excess Landfill, Inc., Unlontown, Ohio
(Second Remedial Action), July 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
17 Jul 89,62p EPA/ROD/R05-89/098
See also PB88-172994.
The 300-acre Industrial Excess Landfill site is in Union-
town, Stark County, Ohio. Several hundred residences
are within a half mile of the site, and all residences and
businesses in the Uniontown area rely on ground water
from private well supplies. The site was operated as a
mixed industrial and refuse landfill from 1966 until
1980. Large amounts of fly ash and liquid wastes in-
cluding latex and spent organic solvents were dis-
posed of in the landfill between 1968 and 1972. In
1988 an active methane extraction system was in-
stalled to prevent the offsite migration of explosive
levels of methane gas. In April 1987 EPA installed air
strippers in eight residences and two businesses due
to the presence of low levels of volatile organic com-
pounds. In September 1987 EPA signed a Record of
Decision (ROD) to provide an alternate water supply to
100 homes west of the site to ensure that the commu-
nity received safe drinking water. The primary contami-
nants of concern affecting the son, sediments, and
ground water are VOCs including benzene, vinyl chlo-
ride, and PCE; other organics including carcinogenic
PAHs; and metals.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials, "Waste
disposal, Site surveys, Public health, Water pollution,
Fly ash, Organic compounds, Solvents, Air pollution,
Soils, Ground water, Extraction, Methane, Benzene,
Metals, 'Superfund, Record of Decision, Second Re-
medial Action, 'Uniontown(Ohio), Air strippers.
PB90-178526/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
Homestake Mining Company, Cibola County, New
Mexico (First Remedial Action), September 1989.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
27 Sep 89,62p EPA/ROD/R06-89/050
The Homestake Mining Company (HMC) site consists
of a uranium processing mill and two tailings embank-
ments in Cibola County, New Mexico, about 6 miles
north of Milan. The tailings embankments contain a
combined total of 22 million tons of tailings material
covering 225 acres. Four housing subdivisions are
south and southwest of the mill with the nearest resi-
dence approximately 0.6 miles from the tailings em-
bankments. In 1983 elevated levels of selenium were
found in offsite ground water prompting EPA to require
HMC, under a consent agreement, to supply municipal
water to residents in the subdivision south of the mill.
The restoration program continued to operate and has
been largely successful in onsite containment of tail-
ings seepage. EPA has determined that the uranium
mill and tailings embankments at the site are not con-
tributing significantly to offsite subdivision radon con-
tamination and that it does not have authority under
CERCLA to address radon levels due to natural soil
concentrations.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
Site surveys, Water pollution, Mining, Tailings, Seleni-
um, Ground water, Water supply, Radon, Embank-
ments, Tests, Seepage, Uranium, 'Superfund, Record
of Decision, First Remedial Action, Cibola County(New
Mexico).
PB90-178634/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 7):
Cherokee County/Galena, Kansas (Second Reme-
dial Action), September 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
18 Sep 89,124p EPA/ROD/R07-89/030
See also PB89-128375.
The Cherokee County site is a lead and zinc mining
area in the southeastern comer of Kansas. The 25
square-mile Galena subsite is one of six subsites
within the Cherokee County site and consists of large
areas covered by mine wastes, water-filled subsidence
craters, and open mine shafts. The approximately
3,500 Galena residents receive their water supply from
two deep aquifer wells. EPA began investigations of
the Galena subsite in 1985 and determined that the
shallow ground water aquifer and surface water were
contaminated with elevated concentrations of metals.
EPA Region VII responded by installing water treat-
ment units on several private wells. The primary con-
taminants of concern affecting the ground water and
surface water are metals including cadmium, lead, and
zinc. The selected remedial action for the site includes
the removal, consolidation, and onsite placement in
mine pits, shafts, and subsidences of surface mine
wastes; diversion and channelization of surface
streams with recontouring and vegetation of land sur-
face; and investigation of deep aquifer well quality.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste
disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Mining,
Aquifers, Water supply, Metals, Lead(Metal), Cadmi-
um, Zinc, Removal, Mine waters, Subsidence, Plug-
ging, Water wells, Vegetation, 'Superfund, Record of
Decision, Second Remedial Action, Cherokee
County(Kansas).
PB90-178542/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
Carolawn, Fort Lawn, Chester County, South
Carolina (First Remedial Action), September 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
27	Sep 89,167p EPA/ROD/R04-89/051
The Carolawn site is an approximately 60-acre, aban-
doned waste storage and disposal facility in Fort Lawn,
Chester County, South Carolina. Approximately 2,500
people receive their water supply from the Catawba
River. Storage trailers and tanks and as many as 480
drums of solvents and liquid and solid wastes have
been stored inside a 3-acre fenced portion of the prop-
erty since 1970. An additional 660 drums and 11 stor-
age tanks were located outside the fenced area to the
north. Drums, waste, and contaminated soil were re-
moved from the site by EPA in 1981, and all nearby
residences were provided an alternative water source.
The primary contaminants of concern affecting the
ground water are VOCs including TCE, and metals in-
cluding lead. The selected remedial action for the site
includes ground water pumping and treatment using
one or more of the following methods: air stripping,
biodegradation, activated carbon filtration, and metals
removal.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
Waste storage, Site surveys, Public health, Water pol-
lution, Storage tanks, Trailers, Ground water, Water
supply, Solvents, Metals, Water treatment, Pumping,
Activated carbon treatment, 'Superfund program,
Record of Decision, First Remedial Action, "Chester
County(South Carolina), Volatile organic compounds.
PB90-178559/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
BEC Trucking, Town of Vestal, Broome County,
New York (First Remedial Action), September
1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
28	Sep 89,54p EPA/ROD/R02-89/086
The BEC Trucking site, also known as the Binghamton
Equipment Company, is in the town of Vestal, Broome
County, New York. The 3.5-acre site is an open lot
which overlies a Class II aquifer. Land use neighboring
the site is primarily commercial/industrial, but includes
wetlands or marsh area to the west. The original
owner, Haial Trucking, later to become BEC Trucking,
filled some of the marshlands with various fill materi-
als, including fly ash from a local power company. BEC
Trucking, Haial Trucking's successor, operated a com-
bination truck body fabrication and truck maintenance
facility. Paint thinners and enamel reducers used
during operations, and waste hydraulic oil and waste
motor oil reportedly generated during operations were
stored in a drum storage area. A1982 State inspection
identified approximately 50 drums, 20 of which con-
tained waste engine or cutting oils, enamel reducers,
paint thinners, and waste solvents. In 1988 extensive
sampling of ground water, surface water, and soil re-
vealed low-level contamination. The suspected source
of onslte ground water and surface water contamina-
tion appears to be a leaking underground storage tank
on a neighboring property. Remedial activities are cur-
rently being undertaken at the neighboring site to ad-
dress any ground water or surface water contamina-
tion at the site resulting from the tank's leakage.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
Site surveys, Public health, Water pollution, Fuel oils,
Lubricants, Solvents, Storage tanks, Aquifers, Ground
water, Paints, Monitoring, 'Superfund program,
Record of Decision, First Remedial Action,
*Vestal(New York).
PB90-178831/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9):
Sacramento Army Depot, CA. (First Remedial
Action), September 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89, 25p EPA/ROD/R09-89/043
The 485-acre Sacramento Army Depot (SAAD) site, 7
miles southeast of downtown Sacramento, California,
is surrounded by land zoned as commercial and light
industrial properly. SAAD is an electronic maintenance
and repair depot consisting of storage, maintenance,
and office facilities. Present operations include shelter
repair, electro-optics equipment repair, metal plating,
and treatment of metal plating wastes. From approxi-
mately 1947 to 1972 paint sludges, oil, grease wood,
trash, solvents and other industrial wastes were
burned and disposed of onsite in burn pits. SAAD has
since removed most of the burned material from the
burn pits. The burn pits were subsequently covered
with soil and revegetated. Ground water samples, col-
lected by SAAD from 1981 to 1984, indicated that sev-
eral chemical compounds were present at levels
above drinking water standards in two areas. The pri-
mary contaminants of concern affecting the ground
water are VOCs including TCE and PCE.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, Public
health, Cost analysis, Water pollution, Solid waste dis-
posal, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial actions, 'Solid
waste management, Sacramento(California), Volatile
organic compounds.
PB90-178849/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Marathon Battery, Cold Spring, NY. (Third Reme-
dial Action), September 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89,62p EPA/ROD/R02-89/097
The Marathon Battery site is a former battery manufac-
turing plant in Cold Spring, Putnam County, New York.
The site is composed of three study areas: Area I,
which consists of East Foundry Cove Marsh and Con-
stitution Marsh: Area II, which encompasses the
former plant, presently a book storage warehouse, the
surrounding grounds, and a vault with cadmium con-
taminated sediment dredged from East Foundry Cove;
and Area III, which includes East Foundry Cove (48
acres), West Foundry Cove and the Hudson River in
the vicinity of Cold Spring pier and a sewer outfall.
Contamination in Area III emanates from plant
wastewater that was discharged via the city sewer
system into the Hudson River at Cold Spring Pier or, in
some instances, through a storm sewer into East
Foundry Cove. A Record of Decision (ROD) was
signed for Area I in September 1986 with cleanup ac-
tivities to include dredging the East Foundry Cove
Marsh. The second ROD for the site was signed in
September 1988 and included decontamination of the
battery plant and soil excavation in Area II. The 1989
ROD represents the third and final operable unit for the
site and addresses sediment contamination in Area III.
The primary contaminants of concern affecting sedi-
ment at the site are metals including cadmium and
nickel.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Waste dis-
posal, 'Site surveys, Water pollution, Sites, Cost anal-
ysis, Cadmium, Nickel, 'Superfund program, "Remedi-
al actions, Cold Spring(New York), Liquid waste dis-
posal.
PB90-178864/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 8):
Sand Creek Industrial, Commerce City, CO. (First
Remedial Action), September 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89,85p EPA/ROD/R08-89/024
The Sand Creek Industrial site is in Commerce City,
Adams County, Colorado. Land use in the vicinity of
the site is industrial, including trucking firms, petroleum
and chemical production and supply companies, ware-
houses, small businesses and several residences. The
site contains the property and buildings of the Colora-
do Organic Chemical Company (COC) and approxi-
mately 13 residences. Production wells north and
downgradient of the study area are the source of water
supply to the county. Pesticide manufacturing oper-
ations began at COC in the 1960s. Fires in 1968 and
1977 and improper pesticide storage practices result-
ed in high levels of organophosphate pesticides, chlor-
inated hydrocarbons, and thermally-altered pesticides
being released at the site. In 1978 COC removed some
contaminated soil, and in 1984 COC removed drums of
waste, excess product, and contaminated soil, and in-
stalled fencing at the site in response to an EPA order.
The Record of Decision represents the first of five
Planned operable units for the site and addresses soil,
uildings, and tanks contaminated by pesticides, vola-
tile organics, and metals. The primary contaminants of
concern affecting the soil, onsite buildings, and tanks
are VOCs including TCE and PCE; and other organics
including pesticides.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, Public
health, Cost analysis, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial
actions, Soil contamination, Commerce
City(Colorado), Volatile organic compounds.
PB90-178872/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
New Brlghton/Arden Hills (TCAAP), Twin Cities
Army Ammunition Plant MN. (Seventh Remedial
Action), August 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
11 Aug 89,36p EPA/ROD/R05-89/118
The New Brighton/Arden Hills site, also known as the
Twin Cities Army Ammunition Plant (TCAAP) site, is In
New Brighton, Minnesota. Past disposal of ammunition
manufacturing wastes onsite resulted in contamination
of ground water beneath and downgradient of the site.
A total of 14 waste disposal locations have been iden-
tified and assigned as Sites A through K. During reme-
dial investigations at Site D, soil was discovered to be
contaminated with PCBs and other organic and metal
contaminants. A soil gas extraction system was imple-
mented to remove the source of volatile organic con-
tamination and reduce the potential of migration to
ground water. In implementing the soil gas extraction
system, PCB-contaminated soil was removed, stock-
piled near Site D, and sealed with a plastic liner materi-
al. The interim remedy addresses the treatment and
disposal of contaminated soil that is stockpiled near
Site D. The primaiy contaminants of concern affecting
the soil are VOCs including TCE and PCE, other organ-
ics including PCBs, and metals including arsenic and
lead.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, "Site surveys, 'Earth fills, Arsenic,
Lead(Metal), Cost analysis, Water pollution, Public
health, Solid waste disposal, Sites, 'Superfund pro-
gram, 'Remedial actions, 'Solid waste management.
New Brighton(Minnesota), Polychlorobiphenyl com-
pounds, Soil contamination, Volatile organic com-
pounds.
PB90-178880/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4k
Newsom Brothers/Old Reichhold, Columbia, MS.
(First Remedial Action), September 1989. Final
rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
18 Sep 89,88p EPA/ROD/R04-89/050
The 81 -acre Newsom Brothers/Old Reichhold site is in
Marion County, Columbia, Mississippi. Site activities in-
cluded producing tall oils, turpentine, calcium and zinc
resinates, and polymerized and rubber resins. Further-
more, PCP was apparently mixed with diesel oil and
sold, and xylenes were used in a number of processes.
A State investigation in 1976 revealed that wastewater
containing phenols, oil, and grease was discharging to
a small creek. Further investigations resulted in EPA
performing an immediate removal action In 1984,
which included the removal of over 600 surface drums
from the site and excavating and draining two ponds,
one of which was subsequently filled with clean fill.'
Onsite buried drum areas were the target of another
EPA removal action conducted in 1987-88. In addition
there is an extensive system of concrete drains that
served to collect and drain spilled wastes and rain-
water that has an area of runoff of approximately
300,000 square feet. The primary contaminants of
concern in the soil, sediment, and bulked wastes are
organics including PAHs, PCBs, and PCP, and metals.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, "Site surveys, Public
health, Water pollution. Cost analysis. Aromatic poly-
cyclic hydrocarbons, "Superfund program, 'Remedial
actions, 'Soil contamination, Marion
County(Mississippi), Heavy metals, Polychlorobiphenyl
compounds, Volatile organic compounds, Liquid waste
disposal.
PB90-178898/HSU	PC AM/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3k
North Ses Municipal Landfill, Southampton, NY
(First Remedial Action), September 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89,102p EPA/ROD/R02-89/085
The 131-acre active landfill overlies two aquifers and
neighbors private homes that obtain their drinkina
water from private domestic wells. Municipal solid
waste, refuse, debris, and septic system waste from
residential, industrial, and commercial sources have
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
been disposed of at the site since 1963. From the early
1960s to 1985 Cell 1 received approximately 1.3 mil-
lion cubic yards of municipal waste and septic sludges.
Subsequent ground water monitoring revealed a con-
taminated plume migrating from Cell 1 toward a nearby
cove. Cell 1 was closed and partially capped in 1985,
and a storm water diversion system was also installed
to collect storm water and recharge it. Cell 2, which
was equipped with a leachate collection system and
accepted approximately 80,000 tons of municipal
waste annually, has been closed since October 1989.
The first of two planned operable units addresses
source control through remediation of Cell 1 and the
former sludge lagoons. A subsequent Record of Deci-
sion will address ground and surface water contamina-
tion. The primary contaminants of concern affecting
the soil and sludge are VOCs, other organics including
PAHs, metals including arsenic and lead, and other in-
organics.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
wastes, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, Sites, Public
health, Water pollution, Cost analysis, Arsenic,
lead(Metal), 'Superfund program, 'Remedial actions,
'Municipal wastes, Volatile organic compounds, Liquid
waste disposal, Soil contamination, Suffolk
Courrty(New York).
PB90-178906/HSU	PC A12/MF A02
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 10):
Commencement Bay Nearshore/Tldeflats, WA.
(Second Remedial Action), September 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Sep 89,251p EPA/ROD/R10-89/020
See also PB89-225544.
The Commencement Bay Nearshore/Tideffats site is
in Tacoma, Pierce County, Washington at the southern
end of the main basin of Puget Sound. Site contamina-
tion is the result of a long history of industrial activity in
the area. More than 281 active Industrial facilities are
in the area and approximately 34 of those are NPDES
permitted dischargers. Releases of hazardous sub-
stances to the marine environment have resulted In
contamination of bottom sediment in the waterways of
the Tideflats Industrial Area, and along the shoreline in
the Nearshore Area. The Record of Decision repre-
sents two of six operable units for the site and will ad-
dress source control and marine sediment contamina-
tion in the Nearshore/Tldeflats environment. Eight
problem areas are being addressed independently by
this remedy. The remaining operable units will address
remedial response to releases of hazardous sub-
stances associated with the Tacoma tar pits and the
ASARCO Tacoma smelter. The primary contaminants
of concern affecting the sediment are organics includ-
ing PCBs and PAHs; and metals including arsenic,
mercury, lead, and zinc.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, Public health, Water
pollution, Cost analysis, Sites, Aromatic polycyclic hy-
drocarbons, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial actions,
Liquid waste disposal. Tide Tlats(Washlngton), Heavy
metals, Polychlorobiphenyl compounds.
PB0O-179664/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
Seminar Publication: Requirements for Hazardous
Waste Landfill Dealgn, Construction, and Cloture.
Eastern Research Group, Inc., Arlington, MA.
Aug 89,132p EPA/625/4-89/022
Contract EPA-68-C8-0O11
Also available from Supt. of Docs. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Center
for Environmental Research Information.
Contents: Overview of Minimum Technology Guidance
and Regulations for Hazardous Waste Landfills; Liner
Design: Clay Liners; Flexible Membrane Liners; Ele-
ments of Liquid Management at Waste Containment
Sites; Securing a Completed Landfill; Construction,
Quality Assurance, and Control: Construction of Clay
Liners' Construction of Flexible Membrane Liners;
Uner Compatibility with Wastes; Long-Term Consider-
ations: Problem Areas and Unknowns; and Leak Re-
sponse Action Plans.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Earthfills, 'Meet-
ings Design criteria, Requirements, Construction, Re-
moval, Coverings, Clay soils, Composite materials,
Membranes, Linings, Barriers, Vegetation, Quality as-
surance, Tests, Response, Hydraulic conductivity,
Leachates.
PB90-179672/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Forest Survey Methods Used In the USDA (United
States Department of Agriculture) Forest Service.
Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.
J. W. Hazard, and B. E. Law. Jul 89,60p EPA/600/3-
89/065
Contract EPA-68-03-3439
Also available from Supt. of Docs. Prepared in coop-
eration with Kilkelly Environmental Associates, Inc.,
Raleigh, NC., and Statistical Consulting Service, Bend,
OR. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research
Lab., OR.
The purpose of the report is to describe the sampling
methodology of the Forest Inventory and Analysis
(FIA) survey system and the National Forest System
(NFS) inventories. In the past twenty years, there has
been an increasing need for forest resource inventory
data to contribute to various objectives of different
agencies and organizations. Many ongoing forest re-
source survey programs exist. In addition, other agen-
cies conduct independent surveys of range, soil,
water, wildlife, and other natural resources. However,
the authors have confined the scope of the report to
surveys which focus primarily on timber. The USDA
Forest Service has 16 survey units (7 for the FIA and 9
for the NFS). Some continuity exists among FIA and
NFS surveys, but they essentially have their own iden-
tities. The descriptions of these 16 survey units will
show the commonalities and differences among them.
Keywords: 'Inventories, 'Forestry, Surveys, Structural
timber, Assessments, States(United States), Sam-
pling, Forest land. Area, Design, Statistical analysis,
Mapping, Forest trees, Diameters, Height, Classifica-
tions, Quality, Ownership.
PB90-180258/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,
Atlanta, GA.
Toxlcological Profile for N-Nltrosodl-n-Propyla-
mine. Final rept.
Clement Associates, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
Dec 89,88p ATSDR/TP-89/18
Contract DHHS-205-88-0608
Also available from Supt. of Docs. Prepared in coop-
eration with Syracuse Research Corp., NY. Sponsored
by Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,
Atlanta, GA., and Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.
The ATSDR Toxicological Profile for N-nitrosodi-n-pro-
pylamine is intended to characterize succinctly the tox-
icological and health effects information for the sub-
stance. It Identifies and reviews the key literature that
describes the substance's toxicological properties.
Other literature is presented but described in less
detail. The profile is not intended to be an exhaustive
document; however, more comprehensive sources of
specialty information are referenced. The profile
togins with a public health statement, which describes
in nontechnical language the substance's relevant tox-
icological properties. Following the statement is mate-
rial that presents levels of significant human exposure
and where known, significant health effects. The ade-
quacy of information to determine the substance's
health effects is described. Research gaps in nontoxic
and health effects information are described. Re-
search gaps that are of significance to the protection
of public health will be identified in a separate effort.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Laboratory animals, Expo-
sure, Bioassay, Public health, Kinetics, Chemical anal-
ysis, Pollution, Tables(Data), 'Nitrosodi propylamine,
'Carcinogenesis, 'Cancer, Biological effects, Environ-
mental exposure pathways, Mutagenicity tests, CAS
621-64-7.
PB90-181249/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,
Atlanta, GA.
Toxicological Profile for PhenoL Final rept
Clement Associates, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
Dec 89,121 p ATSDR/TP-89/20
Contract DHHS-205-88-0608
Also available from Supt. of Docs. Prepared in coop-
eration with Syracuse Research Corp., NY. Sponsored
by Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,
Atlanta, GA., and Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.
The ATSDR Toxicological Profile for Phenol is intend-
ed to characterize succinctly the toxicological and
health effects information for the substance. It identi-
fies and reviews the key literature that describes the
substance's toxicological properties. Other literature is
presented but described in less detail. The profile is
not intended to be an exhaustive document; however,
more comprehensive sources of specialty information
are referenced The profile begins with a public health
statement, which describes in nontechnical language
the substance's relevant toxicological properties. Fol-
lowing the statement is material that presents levels of
significant human exposure and, where known, signifi-
cant health effects. The adequacy of information to de-
termine the substance's health effects is described.
Research gaps in nontoxic and health effects informa-
tion are described. Research gaps that are of signifi-
cance to the protection of public health will be identi-
fied in a separate effort. The focus of the document is
on health and toxicological information.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Laboratory animals, Expo-
sure, Bioassay, Public health, Kinetics, Chemical anal-
ysis, Pollution, Tables(Data), "Phenols, 'Carcinogene-
sis, 'Cancer, Biological effects, Environmental expo-
sure pathways, Mutagenicity tests, CAS 108-95-2.
PB90-181256/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,
Atlanta, GA.
Toxicological Profile for Mercury. Final rept.
Clement Associates, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
Dec 89,178p ATSDR/TP-89/16
Contract DHHS-205-88-0608
Sponsored by Agency for Toxic Substances and Dis-
ease Registry, Atlanta, GA., and Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Washington, DC.
The ATSDR Toxicological Profile for Mercury is intend-
ed to characterize succinctly the toxicological and
health effects information for the substance. It identi-
fies and reviews the key literature that describes the
substance's toxicological properties. Other literature is
presented but descnbed in less detail. The profile is
not intended to be an exhaustive document; however,
more comprehensive sources of specialty information
are referenced. The profile begins with a public health
statement, which describes in nontechnical language
the substance's relevant toxicological properties. Fol-
lowing the statement is material that presents levels of
significant human exposure and, where known, signifi-
cant health effects. The adequacy of information to de-
termine the substance's health effects is described.
Research gaps in nontoxic and health effects informa-
tion are described. Research gaps that are of signifi-
cance to the protection of public health will be identi-
fied in a separate effort. The focus of the document is
on health and toxicological information.
Keywords: 'Mercury(Metal), 'Toxicology, Laboratory
animals, Exposure, Bioassay, Public health, Kinetics,
Chemical analysis, Pollution, Tables(Data), 'Carcino-
genesis, 'Cancer, Biological effects, Environmental
exposure pathways, Mutagenicity tests, CAS 7439-97-
6, CAS 1600-27-7, CAS 7487-94-7, CAS 10112-91-1,
CAS 115-09-3, CAS 62-38-4.
PB90-181264/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,
Atlanta, GA.
Toxicological Profile for Chloroethane. Final rept.
Clement Associates, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
Dec 89,98p ATSDR/TP-89/07
Contract DHHS-205-88-0608
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY. Sponsored by Agency for Toxic Substances
and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA., and Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
The ATSDR Toxicological Profile for Chloroethane is
intended to charactenze succinctly the toxicological
and health effects information for the substance. It
identifies and reviews the key literature that describes
the substance's toxicological properties. Other litera-
ture is presented but described in less detail. The pro-
file is not intended to be an exhaustive document;
however, more comprehensive sources of specialty in-
formation are referenced. The profile begins with a
public health statement, which describes in nontechni-
cal language the substance's relevant toxicological
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
properties. Following the statement is material that
presents levels of significant human exposure and,
where known, significant health effects. The adequacy
of information to determine the substance's health ef-
fects are described. Research gaps in nontoxic and
health effects information are described. Research
gaps that are of significance to the protection of public
health will be identified in a separate effort. The focus
of the document is on health and toxicological informa-
tion.
Keywords: "Chloroethanes, "Toxicology, Laboratory
animals, Exposure, Bioassay, Public health, Kinetics,
Chemical analysis, Tab(es(Data), "Carcinogenesis,
'Cancer, Biological effects, Environmental exposure
pathways, Mutagenicity tests, CAS 75-00-3.
PB90-181280/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Polychlorinated Biphenyls: Progress and Prob-
lems.
Texas A and M Univ., College Station.
C1985,13p EPA/600/ D-89/236
Contract EPA CR-810995
Pub. in Hazardous Contaminants in Ontario: Human
and Environmental Effects, Chapter 5, p60-68 1985.
Prepared in cooperation with Guelph Univ. (Ontario).
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth,
MN.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are industrial chemi-
cal products which are synthesized by the direct chlor-
ination of biphenyl. The degree of biphenyl ring chlorin-
ation determines the physical properties and applica-
tions of commercial PCBs and, therefore, it is not sur-
prising that these compounds were marketed and sold
according to their chlorine content. For example, Aro-
clors 1221, 1232, 1242 and 1254 were produced by
the Monsanto Chemical Co. and contain 21, 32, 42,
and 54% (by weight) chlorine content. Commercial
PCBs are distinguished by their stability and resistance
to breakdown by acids, bases, oxidation and reduction,
their miscibility with numerous organic solvents, their
non-flammabllity and their excellent electrical insula-
tion properties. Because of these highly desirable
physical properties PCBs have enjoyed widespread
use as industrial fluids, flame retardants, diluents, hy-
draulic fluids and as dielectric fluids for capacitors and
transformers. Although the total world production of
commercial PCBs is unknown, the figure is well in
excess of 10 sup 9 lbs.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Chemical reactions,
Chemical analysis, Gas chromatography, Physical
properties, Molecular structure, Reprints, "Polychloro-
biphenyl compounds, Flame ionization.
PB90-181306/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Dechlorination of Pentachlorophenol, 2,4-Dlchlor-
ophenoxyacetlc Acid and 2,4,5-Trichlorophenox-
yacetlc Acid In Anaerobic Freshwater Sediments.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
F. O. Bryant, and J. E. Rogers. Feb 90,16p EPA/600/
M-90/006
Prepared in cooperation with Technology Applications,
Inc., Athens, GA.
Pentachlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid were trans-
formed by microbial reductive dechlorination in fresh-
water, anaerobic sediments from such diverse loca-
tions as Georgia, Florida, New York and the Soviet
Union. The reductive dechlorination process involves
removal of a chlorine and replacement with a hydro-
gen. Sediments previously adapted to dechlorinate
dichlorophenols were found to mediate dechlorination
at much faster rates than unadapted sediments. Pen-
tachlorophenol dechlorination in dichlorophenoi-
adapted sediments generated tetra-, tri-, di-, and mon-
ochlorophenol and phenol. Concentrations of pen-
tachlorophenol, 2,4-oichlorophenoxyacetic acid and
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid up to 100 ppm were
dechlorinated by adapted sediments. Reductive dech-
lorination of PCP, 2,4-D, and 2,4,5-T was region specif-
ic for chlorine removal as determined by the dichloro-
phenol isomer used to adapt the sediment. Sediment
adapted to 2,4-dlchlorophenol preferentially removed
chlorines from the ortho position; whereas sediment
adapted to 3,4-dichlorophenol preferentially removed
chlorines from the para position.
Keywords: "Biodeterioration, 'Chlorination, Water rec-
lamation, Sediments, Fresh water, Graphs(Charts),
•Chemical water pollutants, 'Dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid, 'Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 'Pentachloro-
phenol, Biotransformation.
PB90-181314/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
OASIS: Parameter Estimation System for Aquifer
Restoration Models. User's Manual. Version 2.0.
Rept. for Oct 87-Sep 89.
Rice Univ., Houston, TX. Dept. of Environmental Sci-
ence and Engineering.
C. J. Newell, J. F. Haasbeek, L. P. Hopkins, S. E. Alder-
Schaller, and H. S. Rifai. Feb 90,59p EPA/600/8-90/
039
See also PB89-151112 and PB89-151120. Sponsored
by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
OASIS, a decision support system tor ground water
contaminant modeling, has been developed for the
EPA by Rice University, through the National Center
for Ground Water Research. As a decision support
system, OASIS was designed to provide a set of tools
which will help scientists and modelers assess ground
water contamination problems. OASIS is a graphical
decision support system and was developed around
BIOPLUME II, a numerical model which simulates the
aerobic degradation of dissolved hydrocarbons in
ground water. The OASIS system was developed in
the HyperCard environment and, unlike traditional soft-
ware, contains extensive documentation and help on-
screen. Question mark icons throughout OASIS lead
the user to further discussion and definitions, thereby
allowing the system to be fully operational without the
aid of paper documentation. The information in OASIS
includes documentation, a hydrogeologic database,
two chemical databases, several simple hydrogeologic
models, and the BIOPLUME II model with preproces-
sors and postprocessors. The system was developed
for use on Macintosh personal computers and now
contains over 1600 screens and 9 megabytes of infor-
mation.
Keywords: "Water pollution, "Ground water, "Aquifers,
Models, Hydrology, Computerized simulation, Water
reclamation, 'User manuals(Computer programs), De-
cision support systems.
PB80-181322/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Three-Stage Combustion (Reburning) on a Full
Scale Operating Boiler in the USSR. Final rept. Mar
88-Jan 90.
Combustion Engineering, Inc., Windsor, CT.
R. C. LaFlesh, R. D. Lewis, and D. K. Anderson. Feb
90, 180p EPA/600/7-90/007
Contract EPA-68-02-4280
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of a program to complete the
preliminary design of a three-stage combustion
(reburn) system Tor nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions
control on an operating boiler in the U.S.S.R The pro-
gram to design the reburn system consisted of five
tasks: visiting the Ladyzhinskaya host site to exchange
design and operating information; translating Soviet
documents into English; performing process calcula-
tions; conducting physical flow modeling; and develop-
ing a preliminary system design which included gener-
al arrangement drawings and furnace performance
analyses. The overall preliminary reburn system
design was presented to and accepted by Soviet rep-
resentatives during a June 1989 meeting at the EPA's
Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory in
Research Triangle Park, NC. It appears that reburning
would be a viable NOx reduction technology for the
type of boiler represented by the host Ladyzhinskaya
steam generating unit.
Keywords: 'Boilers, 'Air pollution abatement, 'Nitro-
gen oxides, 'Air pollution control equipment Combus-
tion products, Exhaust gases, Design, Heat transfer,
Thermal power plants, USSR, Technical assistance,
'Staged combustion.
PB90-181330/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Proximity of Pennsylvania Sanitary Landfill* to
Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats: Data on Indi-
vidual Landfills.
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Biomedi-
cal and Toxicological Research and Hazardous Waste
Management.
R. C. Herndon, J. E. Moerlins, V. W. Lambou, and R. L.
Gebhard. Dec 89,36p EPA/600/4-89/047B
Grant EPA-R-815139010
See also PB90-153511. Prepared in cooperation with
National Wetlands Inventory, St. Petersburg, FL
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Sanitary landfills can cause considerable harm to sen-
sitive ecosystems if they are not property located, de-
signed, and managed. The purpose of the reports is to
summarize the proximity of sanitary landfills in Penn-
sylvania to wetlands and deepwater habitats (i.e..
rivers, lakes, streams, bays, etc.) and present data on
the individual landfills. The sanitary landfills were Iden-
tified on U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Wet-
lands Inventory maps. The nearness or proximity of
the sanitary landfills to wetlands and deepwater habi-
tats was determined by drawing three concentric re-
gions around the point representing the location of
each landfill. The radii of the concentric regions were:
1/4 mile, 1 /2 mile, and 1 mile. Most sanitary landfills in
Pennsylvania are located in or are close to either wet-
lands or deepwater habitats. Most are located close to
wetlands while almost half are close to deepwater
habitats. These facilities have the potential to adverse-
ly affect sensitive ecosystems, such as wetlands and
deepwater habitats, either through habitat alterations
or through the migration of contaminants from sanitary
landfills.
Keywords: 'Pennsylvania, 'Deep water, 'Site surveys,
'Waste disposal, 'Earth fills, Habitabilrty,
Tables(Data), Position(Location), "Sanitary landfills,
"Wetlands, "Ecosystems, "Environmental transport,
'Water pollution effects(Animals), Land pollution.
PB90-181348/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas.
NV.
Pre-Concentratlon Method for inductively Cou-
pled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. Rept. for 1 Oct
88-30 Sep 89.
Lockheed Engineering and Sciences Co., Inc., Las
Vegas, NV.
J. T. Rowan, and E, M. Heithmar. Feb 90,53p EPA/
800/4-89/043
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
A semi-automated system is used to pre-concentrate
Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, and Pb. The pre-concen-
tration system accepts digests with acid concentra-
tions equivalent to 0.8% -1.4% nitric acid, neutralizes
them and loads them onto a macroporous iminodiace-
tate resin. The alkali and alkaline earth metals, along
with deleterious anions such as chloride, are washed
off the resin before the concentrated analytos are
eluted with nitric acid. A total of 13 isotopes of the ana-
lytes are measured. An examination of the apparent
concentration efficiencies, as well as the behavior of
two internal standard elements added to the eiuant
stream, indicates that the elution front matrix en-
hances the ICP-MS response of the anatytes. Investi-
gation of the nature of the blank signals suggests that
the detection limits of several of the isotopes could
benefit by much larger pre-concentration factors, while
those of copper, cadmium and lead are currently limit-
ed by reagent purity and laboratory contamination.
Keywords: 'Mass spectroscopy, 'Piasmas(Phyalcs)
Tests, Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts). Isotope*, Corv
centrating, 'Inductively coupled.
PB90-1B1355/H8U	PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegaa
NV.
Proximity of Delaware Sanitary Landfill* to Wet-
lands and Deepwater Habitats: Date on Individual
Landfills. Part B.
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Biomedi-
cal and Toxicological Research and Hazardous Waste
Management.
R. L. Gebhard, R. C. Herndon, J. E. Moerlins, and V W
Lambou. Nov 89,17p EPA/800/4-89/045B '
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
See also PB90-163585. Prepared in cooperation with
National Wetlands Inventory, St. Petersburg, FL.
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Sanitary landfills can cause considerable harm to sen-
sitive ecosystems if they are not properly located, de-
signed, and managed. The purpose of the reports is to
summarize the proximity of sanitary landfills in Dela-
ware to wetlands and deepwater habitats (i.e., rivers,
lakes, streams, bays, etc.) and present data on the in-
dividual landfills. The sanitary landfills were identified
on U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's National Wetlands
Inventory maps. The nearness or proximity of the sani-
tary landfills to wetlands and deepwater habitats was
determined by drawing three concentric regions
around the point representing the location of each
landfill. The radii of the concentric regions were: 1 /4
mile, 1/2 mile, and 1 mile. All sanitary landfills in Dela-
ware are located in or are close to either wetlands or
deepwater habitats. These facilities have the potential
to adversely affect sensitive ecosystems, such as wet-
lands and deepwater habitats, either through habitat
alterations or through the migration of contaminants
from sanitary landfills.
Keywords: 'Delaware, 'Deep water, 'Site surveys,
'Waste disposal, 'Earth fills, Habitability,
Tables(Data), Position(Location), 'Sanitary landfills,
'Wetlands, 'Ecosystems, 'Environmental transport,
'Water pollution effects(Animals), Land pollution.
PB90-181363/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
NSI Technology Services Corp., Corvallis, OR.
Fiscal Year 1989 Report: Initial Performance Eval-
uation of Three Bloassays Modified for Direct In
•Ku Testing.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
L A. Kapustka. Feb 90,65p EPA/600/3-90/021
Sponsored by NSI Technology Services Corp., Corval-
lis, OR.
Under an Interagency Agreement, the Environmental
Research Laboratory-Corvallis has been developing
methods for on-site and in situ toxicity testing and
planning field validations for these techniques; in par-
ticular, these methods are being evaluated for their ap-
plication to ecological assessments at hazardous
waste sites. The report covers activities completed or
initiated from July 1,1989 to Oct 1,1989.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Hazardous materials, 'Field
tests. Germination, Bioassay, Site surveys, Quality
control, Photographs, Amphibia, Oligochaeta, Mutage-
nicity tests, Environmental exposure pathways.
PB90-181959/HSU	PC E99/MF E99
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Nonferrous
Metals Manufacturing Point Source Category.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Industrial Technology Div.
May 89,5397p-ln 10v
Set includes PB90-181967 through PB90-182056. See
also PB87-121752.
No abstract available.
PB90-181967/HSU	PC A22/MF AOS
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Nonferrous
Metals Manufacturing Point Source Category.
Volume 1. General. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Industrial Technology Div.
Mav 89,509p EPA/440/1-89/019.1
See also PB87-121752 and Volume 2, PB90-181975.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-181959.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) has promulgated effluent limitations and stand-
ards for the nonferrous metals manufacturing category
pursuant to Sections 301, 304, 306, 307, and 501 of
the Clean Water Act. The promulgated regulation con-
tains effluent limitations for best practicable control
technology currently available (BPT), and best avail-
able technology economically achievable (BAT), as
well as pretreatment standards for new and existing
sources (PSNS and PSES), and new source perform-
ance standards (NSPS). The development document
presents the technical summary of EPA's study of the
nonferrous metals manufacturing category. The
volume summarizes the general findings of the study,
while the remaining volumes contain supplements that
detail specific results for each subcategory.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, Process charting,
Industrial waste treatment, Materials recovery, Guide-
lines, Metal scrap, Substitutes, Performance stand-
ards, Chemical analyses, Sampling, Cost analysis, Air
pollution control, Solid waste disposal, 'Best technolo-
gy, 'New source performance standards, 'Water pol-
lution standards, 'Clean Water Act of 1977, 'Nonfer-
rous metals, *Pretreatment(Water), US EPA, Technol-
ogy utilization, Ore processing, Point sources, Pollu-
tion regulations, Environmental effects.
PB90-181975/HSU	PC A21/MF A03
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Nonferrous
Metals Manufacturing Point Source Category.
Volume 2. Bauxite Refining, Primary Aluminum
Smelting, Secondary Aluminum Smelting. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Industrial Technology Div.
May 89,497p EPA/440/1 -89/019.2
See also PB87-121752 and Volume 1, PB90-181967
and Volume 3, PB90-181983.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-181959.
Contents: Industry profile; Subcategorization; Water
use and wastewater characteristics; Selection of pol-
lutant parameters; Control and treatment technol-
ogies; Costs of wastewater treatment and control;
Best practicable technology currently available; Best
available technology economically achievable; New
source performance standards; Pretreatment stand-
ards; Best conventional pollutant control technology.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Bauxite, 'Alumi-
num oxide, 'Aluminum industry, Aluminum ores,
Guidelines, Smelting, Refining, Solid waste disposal,
Industrial waste treatment, Cost analysis, Process
charting, Performance standards, Air pollution control,
'Best technology, 'New source performance stand-
ards, 'Water pollution standards, Clean Water Act of
1977, 'Nonferrous metals, *Pretreatment(Water), Pol-
lution regulations, Point sources, Ore processing.
PB90-181983/HSU	PC A17/MF AOS
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Nonferrous
Metals Manufacturing Point Source Category.
Volume 3. Primary Copper Smelting, Primary Elec-
trolytic Copper Refining, Secondary Copper, Met-
allurgical Acid Plants. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Industrial Technology Div.
May 89,3850 EPA/440/1 -89/019.3
See also PB87-121752 and Volume 2, PB90-181975
and Volume 4, PB90-181991.
Aiso available in set of 10 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-181959.
Table of Contents: Subcategory profile; Subcategori-
zation; Water use and wastewater characteristics; Se-
lection of pollutant parameters; Control and treatment
technologies; Costs, energy, and nonwater quality as-
gects; Best practicable technology currently available;
est available technology economically achievable;
New source performance standards technical ap-
proach to BDT; Pretreatment standards; Best conven-
tional pollution control technology.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, Industrial waste
treatment, Performance standards. Cost analysis,
Guidelines, Smelting, Refining, Sampling, Air pollution
control, Solid waste disposal, Materials recovery, Sub-
stitutes, 'Best technology, 'New source performance
standards, 'Water pollution standards, 'Clean Water
Act of 1977, 'Nonferrous metals,
*Pretreatment(Water), 'Copper industries, Pollution
regulations, Point sources, Technology utilization.
PB90-181991/HSU	PC A99/MF A04
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Nonferrous
Metals Manufacturing Point 8ource Category.
Volume 4. Primary zinc, Primary Lead, Secondary
Leed, Primary Antimony. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Industrial Technology Div.
May 89,657p EPA/440/1 -89/019.4
See also PB87-121752 Volume 3, PB90-181983 and
Volumes, PB90-182007.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-181959.
Contents: Industry profile; Subcategorization; Water
use and wastewater characteristics; Selection of pol-
lutant parameters; Control and treatment technol-
ogies; Costs, energy and nonwater quality aspects;
Best practicable technology currently available; Best
available technology economically achievable; New
source performance standards; Pretreatment stand-
ards; Best conventional pollutant control technology.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Zinc industry,
'Antimony, Industrial waste treatment, Guidelines, Air
pollution control, Solid waste disposal, Performance
standards, Sampling, Cost analysis, Process charting,
Tables(Data), Cadmium, 'Best technology, 'New
source performance standards, 'Water pollution
standards, 'Clean Water Act of 1977, 'Nonferrous
metals, *Pretreatment(Water), 'Lead industry, Point
sources, Pollution regulations, Technology utilization.
PB90-182007/HSU	PC A99/MF A04
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Nonferrous
Metals Manufacturing Point Source Category.
Volume 5. Primary Precious Metals and Mercury,
Secondary Precious Metals, Secondary Silver,
Secondary Mercury. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Industrial Technology Div.
May 89,764p EPA/440/1-019.5
See also PB87-121752 and Volume 4, PB90-181991
and Volume 6, PB90-182015.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-181959.
Contents: Subcategory profile; Subcategorization;
Water use and wastewater characteristics; Selection
of pollutant parameters, Control and treatment tech-
nologies; Costs, energy, and nonwater quality aspects;
Best practicable control technology current available;
Best available technology economically achievable;
New source performance standards; Pretreatment
standards; Best conventional pollutant control tech-
nology.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Precious metals,
'Mercury(Metal), Sliver, Industrial waste treatment.
Guidelines, Process charting, Air pollution control,
Solid waste disposal. Cost analysis. Tables(Data),
Sampling, Performance standards, 'Best technology,
'New source performance standards, 'Water pollution
standards, 'Clean Water Act of 1977, 'Nonferrous
metals, *Pretreatment(Water), Pollution regulations,
Technology utilization.
PB90-182015/HSU	PC A99/MF A04
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Nonferrous
Metals Manufacturing Point Source Category.
Volume 6. Primary Tungsten, Secondary Tungirten
snd Cobslt, Primary Molybdenum and Rhenium,
Secondary Molybdenum and Vanadium. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Industrial Technology Div.
May 89,849p EPA/440/1-89/019.6
See also PB87-121752 and Volume 5, PB90-182007
and Volume 7, PB90-182023.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-181959.
Contents: Subcategory profile; Subcategorization;
Water use and wastewater characteristics; Selection
of pollutant parameters; Control and treatment tech-
nologies; Costs, energy, and nonwater quality aspects;
Best practicable technology currently available, best
available technology economically; New source per-
formance standards; Pretreatment standards; Best
conventional pollutant control technology.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Tungsten,
'Cobalt, 'Molybdenum, 'Rhenium, 'Vanadium, Indus-
trial waste treatment. Guidelines, Process charting, Air
pollution control, Solid waste disposal, Sampling, Cost
analysis, Performance standards, Tables(Data), 'Best
technology, 'New source performance standards,
'Water pollution standards, 'Clean Water Act of 1977,
'Nonferrous metals, *Pretreatment(Water), Point
sources, Pollution regulations, Technology utilization.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-182023/HSU	PC A99/MF A04
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Nonferrous
Metals Manufacturing Point Source Category.
Volume 7. Primary Beryllium, Primary Nickel and
Cobalt, Secondary Nickel, Secondary Tin. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Industrial Technology Div.
May 89,692p EPA/440/1-88/019.7
See also PB87-121752 and Volume 6, PB90-182015
and Volume 8, PB90-182031.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-181959.
Contents: Subcategory profile; Subcategorization;
Water use and wastewater characteristics; Selection
of pollutant parameters; Control and treatment tech-
nologies; Costs, energy, and nonwater quality aspects;
Best practicable control technology currently avail-
able; Best available technology economically achieva-
ble; Pretreatment standards; Best conventional pollut-
ant control technology.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, 'Beryllium,
'Nickel, 'Cobalt, 'Tin, Industrial waste treatment,
Guidelines, Cost analysis, Air pollution control, Solid
waste disposal, Performance standards, Sampling,
Process charting, Tables(Data), 'Best technology,
'New source performance standards, 'Water pollution
standards, "Clean Water Act of 1977, 'Nonferrous
metals, *Pretreatment(Water), Point sources, Pollution
regulations, Technology utilization.
PB90-182031/HSU	PC A20/MF A03
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Nonferrous
Metals Manufacturing Point Source Category.
Volume B. Primary Columbium-Tantalum, Second-
ary Tantulum, Secondary Uranium. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Industrial Technology Div.
May 89, 469p EPA/440/1-89/019.8
See also PB87-121752 and Volume 7, PB90-182023
and Volume 9, PB90-182049.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-181959.
Contents: Subcategory profile; Subcategorization;
Water use and wastewater characteristics; Selection
of pollutant parameters; Control and treatment tech-
nologies; Costs, energy, and nonwater quality aspects;
Best practicable control technology currently avail-
able; Best available technology economically achieva-
ble; New source performance standards; Pretreatment
standards; Best conventional pollutant control tech-
nology.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Tantalum, 'Nio-
bium, "Uranium, Industrial waste treatment, Guide-
lines, Cost analysis, Performance standards, Air pollu-
tion control, Solid waste disposal, Tables(Data), Proc-
ess charting, Sampling, Best technology, 'New
source performance standards, 'Water pollution
standards, 'Clean Water Act of 1977, 'Nonferrous
metals, *Pretreatment(Water), Point sources, Ore
processing, Pollution regulations, Technology utiliza-
tion.
PB90-182049/HSU	PC A18/MF A03
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Nonferrous
Metals Manufacturing Point Source Category.
Volume 9. Primary and Secondary Titanium, Prl-
maiy Zirconium and Hafnium. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Industrial Technology Div.
May 89,422p EPA/440/1 -89/019.9
See also PB87-121752 and Volume 8, PB90-182031
and Volume 10, PB90-182056.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-181959.
Contents: Subcategory profile; Subcategorization; Se-
lection of pollutant parameters; Control and treatment
technologies; Costs, energy, and nonwater quality as-
pects; Best practicable control technology currently
available; Best available technology economically
achievable; New source performance standards; Pre-
treatment standards; Best conventional pollutant con-
trol technology.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Titanium, "Zirco-
nium, 'Hafnium, Industrial waste treatment, Guide-
lines, Cost analysis, Performance standards, Sam-
pling, Air pollution control, Solid waste disposal, Sub-
stitutes, Process charting, Tables(Data), 'Best tech-
nology, 'New source performance standards, 'Water
pollution standards, 'Clean Water Act of 1977, "Non-
ferrous metals, "Pretreatment(Water), Point sources,
Pollution regulations, Technology utilization.
PB90-182056/HSU	PC A16/MF A02
Development Document for Effluent Limitations
Guidelines and Standards for the Nonferrous
Metals Manufacturing Point Source Category.
Volume 10. Primary and Secondary Germanium
and Gallium, Primaiy Rare Earth Metals, Second-
ary Indium. Index. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Industrial Technology Div.
May 89, 353p EPA/440/1-89/019.10
See also PB87-121752 and Volume 9, PB90-182049.
Also available in set of 10 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-181959.
Contents: Subcategory profile; Subcategorization;
Water use and wastewater characteristics; Selection
of pollutant parameters; Control and treatment tech-
nologies; Costs, energy, and nonwater quality aspects;
Best practicable control technology currently avail-
able; Best available technology economically achieva-
ble; New source performance standards; Pretreatment
standards; Best conventional pollutant control tech-
nology.
Keywords: 'Indium, 'Water pollution control, 'Rare
earth elements, 'Germanium, 'Gallium, Industrial
waste treatment, Guidelines, Performance standards,
Cost analysis, Air pollution control, Solid waste dispos-
al, Tables(Data), Process charting, Metal scrap, Sam-
pling, 'Best technology, 'New source performance
standards, 'Water pollution standards, "Clean Water
Act of 1977, 'Nonferrous metals,
'Pretreatment(Water), Technology utilization, Point
sources, Pollution regulations.
PB90-182114/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,
Atlanta, GA.
Toxicologlcal Profile for 1,1-Dichloroethene. Final
rept.
Clement Associates, Inc., Washington, DC.
Dec 89,138p ATSDR/TP-89/11
Contract PHS-205-88-0608
Sponsored by Agency for Toxic Substances and Dis-
ease Registry, Atlanta, GA., and Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Washington, DC.
The ATSDR Toxicologies! Profile for 1,1-Dichloroeth-
ene is intended to characterize succinctly the toxico-
logical and health effects information for the sub-
stance. It identifies and reviews the key literature that
describes the substance's toxicological properties.
Other literature is presented but described in less
detail. The profile is not intended to be an exhaustive
document; however, more comprehensive sources of
specialty information are referenced. The profile
begins with a public health statement, which describes
in nontechnical language the substance's relevant tox-
icological properties. Following the statement is mate-
rial that presents levels of significant human exposure
and, where known, significant health effects. The ade-
quacy of information to determine the substance's
health effects is described. Research gaps in nontoxic
and health effects information are described. Re-
search gaps that are of significance to the protection
of public health will be identified in a separate effort.
The focus of the document is on health and toxicologi-
cal information.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Laboratory animals, Expo-
sure, Bioassay, Public health, Kinetics, Chemical anal-
ysis, Pollution, Tables(Data), 'Dichloroethene, 'Car-
cinogenesis, 'Cancer, Biological effects, Environmen-
tal exposure pathways, Mutagenicity tests, CAS 75-35-
4.
PB90-182122/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,
Atlanta, GA.
Toxicologlcal Profile for 1,2-Dlchloropropane.
Final rept.
Clement Associates, Inc., Washington, DC.
Dec 89,129p ATSDR/TP-89/12
Contract PHS-205-88-0608
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY. Sponsored by Agency for Toxic Substances
and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA., and Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
The ATSDR Toxicological Profile for 1,2-Dichloropro-
pane is intended to characterize succinctly the toxico-
logical and health effects information for the sub-
stance. It identifies and reviews the key literature that
describes the substance's toxicological properties.
Other literature is presented but described in less
detail. The profile is not intended to be an exhaustive
document; however, more comprehensive sources of
specialty information are referenced. The profile
begins with a public health statement, which describes
in nontechnical language the substance's relevant tox-
icological properties. Following the statement is mate-
rial that presents levels of significant human exposure
and where known, significant health effects. The ade-
quacy of information to determine the substance's
health effects is described. Research gaps in nontoxic
and health effects information are described. Re-
search gaps that are of significance to the protection
of public health will be identified in a separate effort
The focus of the document is on health and toxicologi-
cal information.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Laboratory animals, Expo-
sure, Bioassay, Public health, Kinetics, Chemical anal-
ysis, Pollution, Tables(Data), 'Dichloropropane, 'Car-
cinogenesis, 'Cancer, Biological effects, Environmen-
tal exposure pathways, Mutagenicity tests, CAS 78-87-
5.
PB90-182130/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,
Atlanta, GA.
Toxicologlcal Profile for N-Nltrosodlmethytamine.
Final rept.
Clement Associates, Inc., Washington, DC.
Dec 89,129p ATSDR/TP-89/17
Contract PHS-205-88-0608
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY. Sponsored by Agency for Toxic Substances
and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA., and Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
The ATSDR Toxicological Profile for N-nitrosodimethy-
lamine is intended to characterize succinctly the toxi-
cological and health effects information for the sub-
stance. It identifies and reviews the key literature that
describes the substance's toxicological properties.
Other literature is presented but described in less
detail. The profile is not intended to be an exhaustive
document; however, more comprehensive sources of
specialty information are referenced. The profile
begins with a public health statement, which describes
in nontechnical language the substance's relevant tox-
icological properties. Following the statement is mate-
rial that presents levels of significant human exposure
and, where known, significant health effects. Tne ade-
quacy of information to determine the substance's
health effects is described. Research gaps In nontoxic
and health effects information are described. Re-
search gaps that are of significance to the protection
of public health will be identified in a separate effort
The focus of the document is on health and toxtcologi-
cal information.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Laboratory animals, Expo-
sure, Bioassay, Public health, Kinetics, Chemical anal-
ysis, Pollution, Tables(Data), "Dimethylnltroaamlne
'Carcinogenesis, 'Cancer, Biological effects, Environ^
mental exposure pathways, Mutagenicity tests, CAS
82-75-9.
PB90-182148/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Reaistrv
Atlanta, GA.	-"-"J.
Toxicologlcal Profile for 1,1.2,2-Tetrachloroeth-
ane. Final rept.
Clement Associates, Inc., Washington, DC.
Dec 89,96p ATSDR/TP-89/22
Contract PHS-205-88-0608
Prepared in cooperation with Syracuse Research
Corp., NY. Sponsored by Agency for Toxic Substances
and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA., and Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
The ATSDR Toxicological Profile for 1,1,2,2-Tetrach-
loroethane is intended to characterize succinctly the
toxicological and health effects information tor the
substance. It Identifies and reviews the key literature
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
that describes the substance's toxicological proper-
ties. Other literature is presented but described in less
detail. The profile is not intended to be an exhaustive
document; however, more comprehensive sources of
specialty information are referenced. The profile
begins with a public health statement, which describes
in nontechnical language the substance's relevant tox-
icological properties. Following the statement is mate-
rial that presents levels of significant human exposure
and, where known, significant health effects. The ade-
quacy of information to determine the substance's
health effects is described. Research gaps in nontoxic
and health effects information are described. Re-
search gaps that are of significance to the protection
of public health will be identified in a separate effort.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Laboratory animals. Expo-
sure, Bioassay, Public health, Kinetics, Chemical anal-
ysis, Pollution, Tables(Data), 'Tetrachloroethane,
'Carcinogenesis, 'Cancer, Biological effects, Environ-
mental exposure pathways, Mutagenicity tests, CAS
79-34-5.
PBM-182155/HSU	PC A09/MF A02
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,
Atlanta, GA.
Toxicological Profile for Selenium. Final rept.
Clement Associates, Inc., Washington, DC.
Dec 89,194p ATSDR/TP-89/21
Contract PHS-205-88-0608
Sponsored by Agency for Toxic Substances and Dis-
ease Registry, Atlanta, GA., and Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Washington, DC.
The ATSDR Toxicological Profile for Selenium is in-
tended to characterize succinctly the toxicological and
health effects information for the substance. It identi-
fies and reviews the key literature that describes the
substance's toxicological properties. Other literature is
presented but described In less detail. The profile is
not intended to be an exhaustive document; however,
more comprehensive sources of specialty information
are referenced. The profile begins with a public health
statement, which describes in nontechnical language
the substance's relevant toxicological properties. Fol-
lowing the statement is material that presents levels of
significant human exposure and, where known, signifi-
cant health effects. The adequacy of information to de-
termine the substance's health effects is described.
Research gaps in nontoxic and health effects informa-
tion are described. Research gaps that are of signifi-
cance to the protection of public health will be identi-
fied in a separate effort. The focus of the document is
on health and toxicological information.
Keywords; 'Selenium, 'Toxicology, Laboratory ani-
mals, Exposure, Bioassay, Public health, Kinetics,
Chemical analysis, Pollution, Tables(Data), 'Carcino-
genesis, 'Cancer, Biological effects, Environmental
exposure pathways, Mutagenicity tests, CAS 7783-00-
o CAS 7783-08-6, CAS 13410-01-0, CAS 7446-34-6,
CAS 7488-56-4, CAS 7446-08-4, CAS 13768-86-0,
CAS 1464-43-3, CAS 1464-42-2, CAS 7783-07-5, CAS
7782-49-2,CAS 10102-18-8, CAS 7790-59-2.
PB90-1S2163/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,
Atlanta, GA.
Toxicological Profile for Pentachlorophenol. Final
rept
Clement Associates, Inc.. Washington, DC.
Dec 89,146p ATSDR/TP-89/19
Contract PHS-205-88-0608
Sponsored by Agency for Toxic Substances and Dis-
ease Registry, Atlanta, GA., and Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Washington, DC.
The ATSDR Toxicological Profile for Pentachloro-
phenol is intended to characterize succinctly the toxi-
cological and health effects information for the sub-
stance. It identifies and reviews the key literature that
describes the substance's toxicological properties.
Other literature is presented but described in less
detail. The profile is not intended to be an exhaustive
document; however, more comprehensive sources of
specialty information are referenced. The profile
begins with a public health statement, which describes
in nontechnical language the substance's relevant tox-
icological properties. Following the statement is mate-
rial that presents levels of significant human exposure
and, where known, significant health effects. The ade-
quacy of information to determine the substance's
health effects is described. Research gaps in nontoxic
and health effects Information are described. Re-
search gaps that are of significance to the protection
of public health will be identified in a separate effort.
The focus of the document is on health and toxicologi-
cal information.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Laboratory animals, Expo-
sure, Bioassay, Public health, Kinetics, Chemical anal-
ysis, Pollution, Tables(Data), 'Pentachlorophenol,
'Carcinogenesis, 'Cancer, Biological effects, Environ-
mental exposure pathways, Mutagenicity tests, CAS
87-86-5.
PB90-182171/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Toxicological Profile for p,p'-DDT, p,p-DDE, and
p,p'-DDD. Final rept.
Clement Associates, Inc., Washington, DC.
Dec 89,149p ATSDR/TP-89/08
Contract PHS-205-88-0608
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC., and Agency for Toxic Substances
and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA.
The ATSDR Toxicological Profile for p,p'-
DDT,DDE,DDD is intended to characterize succinctly
the toxicological and health effects information for the
substance, ft identifies and reviews the key literature
that describes the substance's toxicological proper-
ties. Other literature is presented but described in less
detail. The profile is not intended to be an exhaustive
document; however, more comprehensive sources of
specialty information are referenced. The profile
begins with a public health statement, which describes
in nontechnical language the substance's relevant tox-
icological properties. Following the statement is mate-
rial that presents levels of significant human exposure
and, where known, significant health effects. The ade-
quacy of information to determine the substance's
health effects is described. Research gaps in nontoxic
and health effects information are described. Re-
search gaps that are of significance to the protection
of public health will be identified in a separate effort.
The focus of the document is on health and toxicologi-
cal information.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, *DDT, Laboratory animals,
Exposure, Bioassay, Public health, Kinetics, Chemical
analysis, Pollution, Tables(Data), 'Carcinogenesis,
'Cancer, *DDD, 'DDE, Biological effects, Environ-
mental exposure pathways. Mutagenicity tests, CAS
50-29-3, CAS 72-55-9, CAS 72-54-8.
PB90-182197/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Radiation Data: Report 58, April-
June 1989. Quarterly rept.
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
Dec 89,45p EPA/520/5-89/034
See also PB90-113606.
Environmental Radiation Data (ERD) contains data
from the Environmental Radiation Ambients Monitor-
ing System (ERAMS). Data from similar networks oper-
ated by contributing States, Canada, Mexico, and the
Pan American Health Organization are reported in the
ERD when available. The ERAMS is comprised of na-
tionwide sampling stations that provide air, surface,
and drinking water and milk samples from which envi-
ronmental radiation levels are derived. Sampling loca-
tions are selected to provide optimal population cover-
age while functioning to monitor fallout from nuclear
devices and other forms of radioactive contamination
of the environment. The radiation analyses performed
on these samples Include gross alpha and gross beta
levels, gamma analyses for fission products, and spe-
cific analyses for uranium, plutonium, strontium, iodine,
radium krypton, and tritium.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Air pollution, Potable
water, Milk, Food contamination, Plutonium, Uranium,
Krypton 85, Strontium 90, Strontium isotopes, Carton
14, Tables(Data), 'Radioactive pollutants.
PB90-182304/HSU	PC A18/MF AOS
Policy Options for Stabilizing Global Climate.
Draft Report to Congress. Volume 1, Chapters I-
VI. Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
D. A. Lashof, and D. A. Tlrpak. Feb 89,408p*
See also PB90-182312.
The report provides a general introduction to the cli-
mate change issue and reviews selected previous
studies. It discusses the greenhouse gases, their
sources and sinks, chemical properties, current atmos-
pheric concentrations and distributions, and related
uncertainties and relates the greenhouse gases to the
processes of climatic change. Once this link is made
the report examines those human activities that affect
trace-gas emissions and ultimately influence climate
change. It discusses the scenarios developed to assist
in thinking about possible future emissions and climate
change and then presents sensitivity analyses of the
modeling results. The report gives a detailed descrip-
tion of existing and emerging technologies that should
be considered in the formulation of a comprehensive
strategy for mitigating global warming, outlines domes-
tic policy options, and discusses international mecha-
nisms for responding to climate change.
Keywords: 'Climatic changes, 'Greenhouse effect,
"Air pollution, Trends, Forecasting, Trace elements.
Air water interactions, Energy consumption, Popula-
tion, Industrial plants, Land use, Mathematical models.
Waste disposal, 'Global aspects, 'Environmental
policy, 'Pollution regulations, Atmospheric chemistry,
Technology utilization.
PB90-182312/HSU	PC A20/MF A03
Policy Options for Stabilizing Global Climate.
Draft Report to Congress. Volume 2: Chapters VII-
IX. Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Feb 89,457p*
See also PB90-182304.
The report discusses different energy sources, fuels,
and substitutes in different scenarios to either reduce
or control the pollution which causes the greenhouse
effect therefore changes the climate of the world. It de-
scribes the substitute technologies and other means
by which greenhouse gas emissions could be reduced
relative to the scenarios described. A range of policies
that might be used to promote such reductions are de-
scribed, which address domestic and international
issues. The report discusses the diverse sources and
economic activities responsible for greenhouse gas
emissions. The primary means of accomplishing the
goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions is the de-
velopment and use of technologies that reduce energy
requirements (i.e., improve energy efficiency), use less
carbon-intensive fuels, or that replace or reduce emis-
sions of other greenhouse gases. In addition to this
technological approach, there are also several areas
in which management strategies are the means of re-
ducing greenhouse gas emissions, particularly with re-
spect to the buildup of gases resulting from some agri-
cultural practices and forest resources.
Keywords: 'Climatic changes, 'Greenhouse effect,
'Air pollution control, Exhaust emissions, Motor vehi-
cles, Urban planning, Fuels, Energy consumption, Hy-
drogen, International government. Developing coun-
tries, Substitutes, Solid wastes, Biomass, Solar
energy, Forestry, Deforestation, Fertilizers, 'Technolo-
gy utilization, 'Environmental policies, 'Global as-
pects, Pollution regulations, Energy source develop-
ment, Alternate fuels, Renewable energy sources,
Manure, Pollution standards, Energy management.
PB90-182478/HSU	PC A13/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
Retrofitting POTWs. Handbook.
Process Applications, Inc., Fort Collins, CO.
B. A. Hegg, L. Demers, J. Barber, E. F. Barth, and D. T.
Chapman. Jul 89,293p EPA/625/6-89/020
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Center for Environmental Research Infor-
mation.
The manual is intended as a source document for indi-
viduals responsible for improving the performance of
an existing non-complying wastewater treatment facili-
ty. Described are: methods to evaluate an existing fa-
cility's capability to achieve improved performance, a
process for systematically improving its performance,
and details on how to modify the facility to achieve the
required levels of performance. The manual empha-
sizes meeting National Pollutant Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) permit requirements tor secondary
treatment facilities (30 mg/L BOD5 and TSS). Though
the manual is not intended to describe cost saving op-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tions or to present alternatives for designing new facili-
ties for expansion purposes (i.e., to provide increased
hydraulic and/or BOD loading capacity), in some
cases the approach and modifications described may
result in cost savings and/or increased capacity.
Keywords: Handbooks, Performance evaluation,
Design criteria, Licenses, Biochemical oxygen
demand, Revisions, Maintenance, Operations re-
search, 'Publicly owned treatment works, "Waste
water treatment, "Sewage treatment plants, "Retrofit-
ting, Sewage sludge, Standards compliance, Second-
ary sewage treatment.
PB90-182486/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Description ot Risk Reduction Engineering Labo-
ratory: Test and Evaluation Facilities.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Jun 89, 20p EPA/600/M-89/002
The brochure is an overview of the test and evaluation
facilities of the Cincinnati based Risk Reduction Engi-
neering Laboratory (RREL), Office of Research and
Development, U.S. EPA. While these facilities and ca-
pabilities vary greatly as to function and scope they
have in common their abilities to serve the scientific
and engineering needs of RREL client offices, both
within EPA, and for other Federal, State and local or-
ganizations, and industry. Detailed information regard-
ing permitted wastes and unit processes, for each fa-
cility location, is included. The facilities described are:
Cincinnati (Ohio area) - (test and evaluation facility,
center hill facility, full containment facility, drinking
water pilot plant (fixed and mobile), mobile wastewater
treatment units, and mobile dehalogenation treatment
units); Jefferson (Arkansas) - (combustion research
facility); Edison (New Jersey) - Synthetic Soils Matrix
(SSM) blending facility, underground storage tank test
apparatus, environmental technology and engineering
(E-TEC) facility. RREL facilities are available to indus-
try, academia, and other governmental agencies to
pursue cooperative treatability studies or process con-
trol, and equipment research and development activi-
ties under the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innova-
tion Act as amended by the Federal Technology
Transfer Act of 1986.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Waste treatment,
"Waste disposal, "Water pollution control, Industrial
waste treatment, Potable water, Pilot plants, Research
projects, Combustion efficiency, Air pollution control
equipment, "Risk assessment, "Waste management,
Technology utilization. Physical chemical treatment,
Waste storage, Biological industrial waste treatment,
Municipal wastes, Incineration, US EPA, Federal Tech-
nology Transfer Act of 1986.
PB90-182494/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Policy Options for Stabilizing Global Climate.
Draft Report to Congress. Executive Summary.
Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
D. A. Lashof, and D. A. urpak. Feb 89,120p*
The Executive Summary describes the goals estab-
lished by EPS for the study, considering previous work
and the Congressional mandate. The analytical frame-
work developed for the study is briefly described and
its limitations are noted. Current understanding ot the
greenhouse gases and their impact on global climate
is summarized. A description of the scenarios that
were developed to explore the sensitivity of the climate
system to policy choices is presented next. The results
of this scenario analysis follows, emphasizing the rela-
tive impact of various options. The technological and
policy strategies that appear most promising for reduc-
ing greenhouse gas emissions are then presented by
major activity category: energy production and use,
other industrial activities, changes in land use, and ag-
ricultural practices. The policy options that are avail-
able for promoting these emission reduction strategies
are then reviewed, giving consideration to the timing of
policy responses to the greenhouse gas buildup. Final-
ly, the major findings of the study are summarized.
Keywords: "Climatic changes, "Greenhouse effect,
"Air pollution control, Land use, Industrial wastes, Sub-
stitutes, Concentration(Composition), Graphs(Charts),
Tables(Data), Developing countries, Waste disposal,
Forecasting, Scenarios, Fuels, Biomass, Agriculture,
"Environmental policies, "Global aspects, Atmospher-
ic chemistry, Source reduction, Alternate fuels, Air pol-
lution sampling, Technology utilization, Fuel substi-
tutes.
PB90-182544/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Alr/Superfund National Technical Guidance
Series. Superfund Air Pathway Analyses Review
Criteria Checklists. Final rept.
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
J. E. Letkeman. 17 Jan 90,63p DCN-90-203-080-61 -
02, EPA/450/1-90/001
Contract 68-02-4392
See also PB90-113374, PB89-180053, PB89-180061
and PB90-113382. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office of
Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The EPA has responsibility for assessment and clean-
up of superfund sites. Because air emissions pose a
potential human health risk at these sites, the EPA has
developed a set of procedures for evaluating these
risks. The four checklists presented provide a system-
atic approach for air reviewers to apply the air pathway
assessment procedures. The background, purpose,
and application of the checklists are discussed.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, "Hazardous materials,
Guidelines, Public health, Site surveys, Exposure,
Earth fills, Lagoons(Ponds), Forms(Paper),
Concentration(Composition), "Risk assessment,
"Path of pollutants, "Air pollution effects(Humans),
"Superfund program, "Air pollution sampling, US EPA,
Environmental transport, Remedial action.
PB90-182759/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Handbook: Hazardous Waste Incineration Meas-
urement Guidance Manual. Volume 3 ot the Haz-
ardous Waste Incineration Guidance Series.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Jun 89, 52p* EPA/625/6-89/021
The document provides general guidance to permit
writers in reviewing the measurement aspects of incin-
eration permit applications and trial burn plans. It is ori-
ented to how measurements are made, not what
measurements to make. The guidance deals specifi-
cally with commonly required measurement param-
eters and measurement methods for process monitor-
ing, sampling and analysis aspects of trial burns and
subsequent operation of the incinerator, and quality
assurance/quality control (QA/QC) associated with
these activities. As a guidance tool, the document in-
troduces the major elements of incineration measure-
ments via sample checklists, general discussion, and
technical references.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Waste disposal,
"Combustion products, Gas analysis, Handbooks,
Guidelines, Gas analysis, Chemical analysis, Sample
preparation, "Incineration, "Air pollution sampling, "Air
pollution detection, "Permit applications, Volatile or-
ganic compounds, Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act, Environmental monitoring.
PB90-183047/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Program Evaluation Handbook for
Fiscal Year 1987. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Nov 86, 53p OSWER DIRECTIVE-9200.2-2
The Superfund Evaluation Handbook offers a compre-
hensive framework for reviewing program perform-
ance. It is designed to consolidate the program's cur-
rent evaluation activities while opening new avenues
of program dialogue.
Keywords: "Project management, Productivity, Ac-
countability, Budgeting, Site surveys, Implementation,
Management planning, "Superfund program, "Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Program evaluation.
PB90-183064/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Preliminary Assessment Guidance, Fiscal Vear
1988.
Ecology and Environment, Inc., Arlington, VA.
Jan 88,83p
Contract EPA-68-01-7347
Also pub. as OSWER DIRECTIVE-9345.0-01. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, DC. Office of Emergency and Remedial Re-
sponse.
The purpose of the guidance is to provide Regions,
States, Field Investigation Teams, and other Federal
agencies with direction for conducting new preliminary
assessments (PAs) and reassessing existing PAs
during FY 88. The guidance is intended to standardize
PA scope, products, and decisions, and to foster im-
proved PA quality. It will be in effect until the Hazard
Ranking System is revised and is consistent with the
anticipated direction of the revised National Contin-
gency Plan (NCP). The guidance also provides Re-
gions with direction for handling PA petitions from the
public in anticipation of the proposed revision of the
NCP dealing with such petitions and briefly touches on
preliminary procedures for the Environmental Priorities
Initiative.
Keywords: "Site surveys, "Environmental surveys, 'In-
spection, Regulations, Forms(Paper), Data, Criteria,
Guidelines, "Environmental Protection Agency, Envi-
ronmental assessments.
PB90-183377/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Expanded Site Inspection: Transitional Guidance
for Fiscal Year 1988.
Ecology and Environment, Inc., Arlington, VA.
Oct 87, 76p
Contract EPA-68-01 -7347
Also pub. as OSWER DIRECTIVE-9345.1-02.Portkx»s
of this document are not fully legible. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
The manual is designed to provide the reader with a
consolidated ready reference of general methodolo-
gies and activities for conducting site inspection work
on sites projected to make the National Priorities List
The manual has been compiled, with substantial input
from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Re-
gional pre-remedial staff, and contains procedures that
have been used successfully to execute EPA site in-
vestigation work nationwide. Progress is being made
to establish a more standardized and efficient program
for evaluating hazardous waste sites througnout the
country. The guidance is applicable for FY 1988 and
will be superseded when final guidance is issued on
conducting Sis.
Keywords: "Site surveys, "Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, Investigations, Paper industry. Petro-
leum industry, Metal industry, Minimi, Chemical indus-
try, Guidelines, Data acquisition, "Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Reporting requirements.
PB90-183393/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Efficiency of Dtoxln Recovery from Fly Aah Sam-
pies during Extraction and Cleanup Process.
March 1989. Final rept. 1 Aug 87-30 Sep 88.
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
J. M. Flnkel, R. H. James, and K. W. Baughman. Mar
89,49p EPA/600/3-90/010
Contract EPA-68-02-4442
See also PB89-221311. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Lab.
The work supported Environmental Monitoring Sys-
tems Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency in its effort to monitor the hazardous composi-
tion, if any, of fly ash from various types of incinerators
using different types of combustible materials. Tbe an-
alytical determination of dioxins in environmental sam-
ples in the parts per billion, trillion, and quadrillion
levels requires meticulous, time-consuming, and verv
complex sample preparation and analysis procedures.
A major part of the task was devoted to the evaluation
of various extraction techniques of fly aah and cleanuD
of sample extracts by column chromatography. Sevier,
al chromatographic media and eluting solvents
c—K	*i	¦
eo-p-dtoxln and octochiorodlbenzQ-p^Qafin
as a tracer. Radiolabeled dioxin allows the arHUyat to
stop and evaluate each step of the procedure, etch
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
extract, and each column eluate fraction by liquid scin-
tillation computing. To validate the radiometric assay,
dioxin was confirmed by gas chromatography/mass
spectrometry. The report contains recovery data of
spiked 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and oc-
tochlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in carbon-free fly ash and fly
ash containing from 0.1 % to 10% carbon.
Keywords: 'Fly ash, 'Hazardous materials, 'Solvent
extraction, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Chemical analysis,
Gas chromatography, Mass spectroscopy, Perform-
ance evaluation, Carbon 14, Standards, Sampling, Ma-
terials recovery, 'Dioxins, 'Incineration, 'Cleanup op-
erations, 'Municipal wastes, Dibenzodioxin/tetrachlo-
ro, Dibenzodioxin/octachloro, Tracer studies, Waste
management.
PB90-183401/HSU	PC A09/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Precision and Accuracy Assessments for State
and Local Air Monitoring Networks, 1988.
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
L. Smith, and J. Wu. Feb 90,195p EPA/600/3-90/008
Contract EPA-68-02-4444
See also report for 1988, PB89-155246. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Precision and accuracy data obtained from state and
local agencies (SLAMS) during 1988 are analyzed.
Pooled site variances and average biases which are
relevant quantities to both precision and accuracy de-
terminations are statistically compared within and be-
tween states to assess the overall effectiveness and
consistency in the application of various quality assur-
ance programs. Individual site results are evaluated for
consistent performance throughout the year. Report-
ing organizations, states and regions which demon-
strate consistent precision and accuracy data as the
result of effectively administered quality assurance
programs are identified. The information is intended as
a guide for identifying problem areas, for taking correc-
tive action from the standpoint of improving tne effec-
tiveness of quality assurance programs, and for provid-
ing more knowledgeable decisions concerning attain-
ment status with regards to ambient air quality stand-
ards. An approach to deal with accuracy data for indi-
vidual sites is presented, and an alternative sampling
design for generating precision and accuracy data is
discussed. A comparison of the SLAMS accuracy re-
sults with the corresponding results from the EPA na-
tional ambient air audit program is also provided.
Keywords: 'Monitoring, 'Quality assurance, 'Atmos-
pheric composition, State government, Local govern-
ment, Sites, ConcentrationiComposition), Quality con-
trol Comparison, Tables(Data), Assessments,
Graphs(Charts), 'Air pollution sampling, 'Air quality
data. National ambient air audit program, Air pollution
standards.
pggO-183419/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Development and Validation of a Test Method for
Formaldehyde Emissions. Rept. for Feb 87-Apr 89.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
c n Estes, W. F. Gutknecht, D. L. Hardison, G. B.
Howe, and R. K. M. Jayanty. Feb 90,55p* EPA/600/3-
90/005
Contracts EPA-68-02-4125, EPA-68-02-4550
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
The document details the field validation of a test
method for the sampling and analysis of formaldehyde
emissions from stationary sources. Three potential
source methods were evaluated. Field testing of the
methods were conducted at two different sites. At a
formaldehyde manufacturing plant, where formalde-
hyde levels were high (>100 mg/cu m), samples were
collected using the basic peroxide impinger method
and the DNPH impinger method. At a formaldehyde
user facility, where formaldehyde levels were low,
samples were collected using the DNPH-coated car-
tridge method and the DNPH impinger method. A sta-
tistical evaluation indicates that the DNPH impinger
method is acceptable for determining both low and
high concentrations of formaldehyde. Because of its
range, this method is recommended as the reference
method for determination of formaldehyde in source
emissions.
Keywords: 'Formaldehyde, 'Gas analysis, Field tests,
Statistical analysis, Site surveys,
Concentration(Composition), Experimental design,
Surface coatings, Chemical analysis, Industrial wastes,
Peroxides, Performance evaluation, Impingement, 'Air
pollution sampling, 'Air pollution detection, 'Stationary
sources, 'Toxic substances, Hydrazine/dinitrophenyl,
High performance liquid chromatography, Gas-solid
interactions, Cartridges.
PB90-183427/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
National Performance Audit Program: Add Rain
Audits, 1988.
NSI Technology Services Corp., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. L. Lampe, and W. J. Mitchell. Feb 90,23p EPA/
600/3-90/004
Contract EPA-68-02-4444
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
The report presents results of the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency's Semiannual U.S. Acid Rain Audit Pro-
gram for 1988. When these audits, which are a part of
the National Performance Audit Program (NPAP), were
initiated In 1981, participation was limited to laborato-
ries routinely analyzing acid rain samples. However, in
1988 invitations to participate were issued to all NPAP
participants. As a result, only 52% of the results re-
ceived for the 1988 audits came from laboratories that
had been regular participants in the previous years'
audits. Despite the many new participants, the per-
centage of participants who analyzed for a specific an-
alyte was similar to that from previous audits. Also, as
in previous audits, many participants had difficulty
measuring accurately the concentration of the lowest
cation and anion concentrations. Not unexpectedly,
the percentage of the reported results identified as
outliers was larger than in the 1985-1987 audits. The
results for the heavy metals (Mn, Fe, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb
and Zn) were similar to earlier audits in that most of the
participants reported an average result (for all seven
metals) close to the expected value.
Keywords: 'Auditing, Sample preparation,
Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition), Anions,
Quality control, Cations, Performance evaluation,
State government, Local government, 'National Per-
formance Audit Program, 'Acid rain, 'Air pollution
sampling, Heavy metals, US EPA.
PB90-183435/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Enhanced Bloremediatlon Utilizing Hydrogen Per-
oxide aa a Supplemental Source of Oxygen: A
Laboratory ana Field Study. Final rept. Aug 87-Nov
89.
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
S. G. Huling, B. E. Bledsoe, and M. V. White. Feb 90,
57p EPA/600/2-90/006
Prepared in cooperation with NSI Technology Services
Corp., Ada, OK.
Laboratory and field scale studies were conducted to
investigate the feasibility of using hydrogen peroxide
as a supplemental source of oxygen for bioremediation
of an aviation gasoline fuel spill. Field samples of avia-
tion gasoline contaminated aquifer material were artifi-
cially enhanced with nutrients to promote microbiologi-
cal degradation of fuel carbon in a laboratory column
experiment. The rapid rate of hydrogen peroxide de-
composition at 100 mg/l resulted in the production of
oxygen gas. An oxygen mass balance indicated that
approximately 44% and 45% of the influent oxygen
was recovered In aqueous and gaseous phases re-
spectively. Reduced rates of oxygen consumption
during this period indicated that microbial inhibition
may nave occurred. Ground-water data from the en-
hanced in-situ bioremediation pilot field study indicates
that hydrogen peroxide successfully increased the
concentration of available oxygen downgradient. In the
study, however, it was observed that there was a
measurable increase of oxygen in the soil gas area
where hydrogen peroxide was injected. This indicated
that a significant fraction of hydrogen peroxide rapidly
decomposed to oxygen gas and escaped into the un-
saturated zone.
Keywords: 'Gasoline, 'Hydrogen peroxide, 'Oxygen,
Graphs(Charts), Ground water, Tables(Data), Water
pollution, Tests, Toxicity, Decomposition, 'Gas spills,
'Bioremediation, Soil contamination, Cleanup.
PB90-183443/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Molecular and Cytogenetic Analysis of Lung
Tumor Cell Unes. Technical rept.
Florida Inst, of Tech., Melbourne.
J. Hozier. Mar 90,53p EPA/600/1-90/004
Grant EPA-R-813944
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
The report measures the levels of amplification of on-
cogenes and tumor marker genes or other genes of in-
terest in nine human lung tumor cell lines in compari-
son to normal human bronchial epithelial cells or
normal blood lymphocytes to test the hypothesis that
aberrant amplification of marker genes may be related
to their proximity on the human genome to oncogenes
similarly amplified during the development of malig-
nancy. Six pairs of comapping genes and an additional
unpaired oncogene were used for analysis: the onco-
genes MYCL and BLYM, KRASIP and prolactin;
KRASIP and chronic gonadotropin, alpha chain; MYB
and chorionic gonadotropin, alpha chain; MYC and
thyroglobulin; FOS and creatine kinase, brain form,
and MUCN. Of 31 gene pairs tested, amplification was
observed in three cases. In two out of those three, co-
amplification was observed in the MYC gene and the
closely mapping thyroglobulin gene.
Keywords: 'Pulmonary neoplasms. Cytology, Lympho-
cytes, Tables(Data), Ceils, Chromosomes, Molecular
structure, Ribonucleic acids, Deoxyribonucleic acids,
'Genetic mapping, DNA probes, Nucleic acid hybrid-
ization, Oncogenes, Cultured tumor cells, Karyotyping.
PB90-183492/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Preliminary Testing of Turbulence and Radionu-
clide Transport Modeling In Deep-Ocean Environ-
ment
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
Y. Onishi, D. Dummuller, and D. S. Trent. Aug 89,103p
EPA/520/1-89/018
Prepared in cooperation with Washington State Univ.,
Pullman. Sponsored by Office of Radiation Programs,
Washington, DC.
The report discusses and summarizes the results of a
study done to identify regional ocean models that
could be used to determine effects from ocean dispos-
als of LLW (Low-Level Waste); evaluate the mathe-
matical representations for eddy viscosity/diffusivity,
and other coefficients in those models; determine the
applicability of using a K-E turbulence model; and
assess the feasibility of applying one of the identified
models to the Mid-Atlantic Ocean, 2800 m and 3800 m
sites that were used previously for disposal of LLW.
Keywords: 'Deep water, 'Mathematical models, 'Tur-
bulent flow, Water pollution, Atlantic Ocean, Eddies,
Viscosity, Assessments, 'Low-level radioactive
wastes, 'Ocean waste disposal, 'Radioactive waste
disposal, 'Environmental transport, Regional analysis.
PB90-183534/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Workshop Report on EPA (Environmental Protec-
tion Agency) Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk As-
sessment Use of Human Evidence. Held In Wash-
ington, DC. on June 26-27,1989.
Eastern Research Group, Inc., Arlington, MA.
Sep 89,98p EPA/625/3-90/017
Contract EPA-68-02-4404
Also available from Supt of Docs. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office
of Health and Environmental Assessment.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
issued guidelines for assessing human risk from expo-
sure to environmental carcinogens. The guidelines set
forth principles and procedures to guide EPA scientists
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
in the conduct of Agency risk assessments, to promote
high scientific quality and Agency-wide consistency,
and to inform Agency decision-makers and the public
about these scientific procedures. In publishing the
guidance, EPA emphasized that one purpose of the
guidelines was to 'encourage research and analysis
that will lead to new risk assessment methods and
data,' which in turn would be used to revise and im-
prove the guidelines. Thus, the guidelines were devel-
oped and published with the understanding that risk
assessment is an evolving scientific undertaking and
that continued study would lead to changes.
Keywords: 'Meetings, Epidemiology, Studies, Expo-
sure, Methodology, Procedures, Humans, 'Carcino-
genicity tests, "Risk assessment, "Health planning
guidelines, Dose-response relationships.
PB90-183S75/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Determining Soil Response Action Levels Based
on Potential Contaminant Migration to Ground
Water: A Compendium of Examples.
Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., Washington, DC.
Oct 89,145p EPA/540/2-89/057
Contract EPA-68-01 -7376
Also available from Supt. of Docs. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response.
The document presents case studies illustrating vari-
ous methods that have been used at Superfund sites
to calculate soil cleanup levels based on the potential
for hazardous constituents to migrate to and contami-
nate ground water. In addition, several methods for
which case studies could not be identified have been
included in a separate section. The purpose of the
document is not to recommend specific methods;
none of the methods or example analyses have been
verified over the long-term. The compendium should
be viewed as a resource which illustrates the impor-
tance of assessing the impact of soil contaminants on
ground water and the effects various parameters have
on contaminant migration through the unsaturated
zone.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Environmental transport,
"Soils, "Hazardous materials, Sites, Assessments,
Water pollution control, Mathemtical models, Dia-
grams, Sludge disposal, "Superfund, "Cleanup, Case
studies, Chemicals, Vadose zone.
PB90-183583/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Evaluation of Ground-Water Extraction Remedies.
Volume 1. Summary Report.
CH2M Hill Southeast, Inc., Reston, VA.
Sep 89,66p* EPA/540/2-89/054
Contract EPA-88-W8-0098
Also available from Supt. of Docs. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Ground water extraction is the most commonly used
remedial technology for contaminated aquifers. In this
investigation, information is assembled from hazard-
ous waste sites throughout the United States showing
how ground-water extraction systems are being used,
how their performance compares with expectations,
and what factors are affecting their success.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Extraction, "Aquifers,
"Water pollution control, "Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, Site surveys, State government,
Design criteria, Sources, Performance evaluation, Ob-
servation wells, Trenching, Factor analysis, "Remedial
action, "Cleanup operations, Land pollution, Environ-
mental transport, Case studies, Technology utilization.
PB90-183658/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Guidance Document for Selecting Antiskid Materi-
als Applied to Ice- and Snow-Covered Roadways.
Final rept.
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
Jan 90,135p EPA 450/3-90/007
Contract EPA-68-02-4395
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The purpose of the document is to identify and quantify
those physical properties that can be used to select
clean, durable antiskid materials (salt and sand). Test
methods used to quantify the physical properties are
either included or identified.
Keywords: "Roads, "Skid resistance, "Ice control,
"Materials tests, "Deicers, Physical properties, Organ-
ic salts, Sand, Durability, Cost effectiveness, Aggre-
gates.
PB90-183674/HSU	PC A11/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Wild Trout IV: Proceedings of the Symposium.
Held in Yellowstone National Park on September
18-19,1989.
Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, DC.
F. Richardson, and R. H. Hamre. 1989,241 p*
Also available from Supt. of Docs. Prepared in coop-
eration with Forest Service, Washington, DC. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, DC., Federation of Fly Fishers, West Yellowstone,
MT., and American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD.
Contents include: Wild trout IV: looking back, looking
ahead; From wild trout to wild ecosystems: fifteen
years of evolving stewardship; Summary of progress in
wild trout management: 1974-1989; Creating the envi-
ronment for more cold-water habitat with win-win situa-
tions; The Trout and Salmon Foundation; Riparian
management: Oregon recipes; Greenhouse fish; Acidi-
fication and fishery resources in Maryland; Strengthen-
ing the partnership between water quality manage-
ment and fisheries protection; Native brook trout resto-
ration program in Great Smoky Mountains National
Park; Brown trout management in the natural state;
Rainbow trout management plan: southwest Alaska;
Genetic interactions of hatchery and wild steelhead
trout; British Columbia wild trout management: more
than dollars and sense; and The economic effect of
no-kill regulations on communities.
Keywords: "Meetings, "Trout, "Fisheries, Fresh water
fishes, Graphs(Charts), Photographs, "Natural re-
sources management, Aquatic ecosystems, Sport fish-
ing.
PB90-183781/HSU	PC A12/MF A02
Water Quality In the Middle Great Lakes: Results
of the 1985 U.S. EPA Survey of Lakes Erie, Huron
and Michigan.
Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great
Lakes National Program Office.
D. C. Rockwell, D. K. Salisbury, and B. M. Lesht. Apr
89,268p EPA/905/6-89/001, GLNPO-4
The water-quality surveillance program begun in 1983
to sample the open waters of Lakes Michigan, Huron
and Erie (the middle Great Lakes) was continued in
1985. The principal objectives of the program were to
determine the water quality of the three lakes, espe-
cially with regard to the concentration of nutrients in
the open waters; to continue the program of annual
sampling so as to provide data necessary for detection
and evaluation of both trends and annual variability in
water quality; and to provide data relevant to the ongo-
ing verification and modification of the nutrient-based
eutrophication models that have been developed in
conjunction with previous Great Lakes surveillance.
The major findings of the 1985 survey are summarized
below; the details of the analyses and statistical sum-
maries (SAS, 1982 and 1985) and tables presenting
the results are included in later sections.
Keywords: "Water quality, "Lake Michigan, "Lake
Huron, "Lake Erie, Water analysis, "Site surveys,
Phosphorus, Surface waters, Aerial surveys, Great
Lakes, Mass balance, Silicon dioxide, Statistical analy-
sis, Trends, Sampling, Limnology, Comparison,
Concentration(Composition), Nutrients, Ions, Mathe-
matical models, Eutrophication.
PB90-183799/HSU	PC A15/MF A02
Forum on Innovative Hazardous Waste Treatment
Technologies: Domestic and International. Held In
Atlanta, Georgia on June 19-21, 1989. Technical
Papers.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Sep 89,328p EPA/540/2-89/056
As a result ol the high level of interest in innovative
ha2ardous waste control technologies, U.S. EPA's
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response and
Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory jointly con-
ducted this conference. The conference consisted of
presentations of technical papers and posters by inter-
national and domestic vendors of technologies for the
treatment of waste, sludge, and contaminated soils at
uncontrolled hazardous waste disposal sites. The pur-
pose of the 21 /2 day conference was two-fold: to help
introduce promising international technologies through
technical paper and poster displays; and to showcase
results of the U.S. EPA Superfund Innovative Technol-
ogy Evaluation program technologies in addition to
other domestic innovative technologies. Both were
aimed at increasing awareness of the user community
in technologies ready lor application. The compendi-
um does not include all papers that were presented;
only those that were made available by authors and
their institutions are included.
Keywords: "Meetings, "Hazardous materials, "Waste
treatment, Waste disposal, Sludge, Water pollution
control. United States, "Pollution control, "Technology
utilization, "Land pollution, Foreign technology, Super-
fund Innovative Technology Evaluation, Cleanup oper-
ations, Remedial action, Incineration.
PB90-183898/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 212: Liquid Nitrogen.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jul 87,5p EPA/540/FS-90/083
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred: issuance or reissuance
of a registration standard; issuance of each special
review document; registration of a significantly
changed use pattern; registration of a new chemical;
or an immediate need for information to resolve con-
troversial issues relating to a specific chemical or use
pattern.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Liquid nitrogen, Hazardous
materials, Chemical analysis, Toxicology, Regulations,
"Toxic substances. Chemical information fact sheet.
Use patterns, Science findings, CAS 7727-37-9.
PB90-184284/HSU	PC A11/MF A02
Manual of Protective Actions for Nuclear Inci-
dents.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Jan 90,245p* EPA/520/1-75/001-A
The manual presents a general discussion of Protec-
tive Action Guides (PAGs) and their use in planning for
protective actions to safeguard public health. It also
presents PAGs for specific exposure pathways and as-
sociated time periods. The PAGS apply to all types of
nuclear incidents. Guidance for the implementation of
PAGs that emphasizes the application to nuclear
power facilities follows.
Keywords: "Nuclear radiation, "Public health, "Radi-
ation protection, Manuals, Radiation dosage, Expo-
sure, Regulatory guides, "Emergency planning, "Ra-
dioactive effluents, Ingestion, Inhalation.
PB90-184367/HSU	PC A99/MF E06
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Air Emissions Species Manual. Volume 2. Particu-
late Matter Species Profiles. Second Edition. Final
rept. Apr 88-Oct 89.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
G. W. Brooks, J. T. Waddell, and W. A. Butler. Jan 90
784p EPA/450/2-90/001 B
Contract EPA-68-02-4286
See also PB88-225800. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
several activities that require speciated particulate
matter (PM) or volatile organic compound (VOC) pro-
files from several source categories. In an effort to
update the available speciated PM profile data base
EPA initiated studies to update the 'Receptor Model
Source Composition Library' (EPA-450/4-85-002) and
produce a revision entitled 'Air Emissions Species
Manual - Volume II, Particulate Matter Species Pro-
files" (EPA-450/2-88-003b). Similarly for VOC emls-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
slons, EPA performed studies to revise the 'Volatile
Organic Compound Species Data Manual - Second
Edition' (EPA-450/4-80-015) and provide an updated
version in the 'Air Emissions Species Manual - Volume
I, Volatile Organic Compound Species Profiles' (EPA-
450/2-88-003a). The purpose of the document is to
update the PM profiles in the Air Emissions Species
Manual, Volume II with new information obtained from
contacts with principal researchers in the field of PM
species profiles and source receptor modeling. The
profiles are based on data voluntarily submitted by the
researchers.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Profiles, 'Manuals, Particle
sizes, Tables(Data), Revisions, Mass, Roads, Motor
vehicles, Exhaust emissions, Industrial wastes, Chemi-
cal industry, Boilers, Metals, Solid waste disposal,
'Emission factors, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Emission
inventories, Point sources, Total suspended particu-
lates, Pollution sources.
PB90-184748/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Seminar Publication: Transport and Fate of Con-
taminants in the Subsurface.
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
R. L. Johnson, J. F. Keely, C. D. Palmer, J. M. Suflita,
and W. Fish. Sep 89,153p* EPA/625/4-89/019
Also available from Supt. of Docs.
The publication is based on a series of technology
transfer seminars that were conducted in all ten EPA
Regions between October 1987 and February 1988.
The seminars provided regulators and technical spe-
cialists with a brief but intensive overview of the physi-
cal, chemical, and biological processes that govern
the transport and fate of contaminants in the subsur-
face. A secondary purpose of the seminar was to pro-
vide a summary of modeling approaches used to make
predictions about the transport and fate of contami-
nants in the subsurface and to describe the current
and potential regulatory uses of such models. The EPA
Center for Environmental Research Information and
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory
developed the project to assist the technical support
and technology transfer efforts of the EPA Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response in the area of
subsurface remediation.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Subsurface investigations,
'Water pollution abatement, 'Water pollution control,
'Waste disposal, Mathematical models, Hydrogeo-
logy. Ground water, Surface waters, Sampling, Micro-
biology, Field tests. Site surveys, Biodeterioration,
Water analysis, Chemical reactions, 'Environmental
fate, 'Technology transfer, 'Environmental transport,
'Path of pollutants, 'Land pollution, Pollution regula-
tions, Remedial action, Remedial response, Tracer
techniques, RisK assessment.
PB90-185067/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Receptor Model Technical Series. Volume 3 (1989
Revision): CMB7 User's Manual.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Qualify Planning and Standards.
J. G. Watson, R. C. Henry, Q. T. Nguyen, E. L. Meyer,
and T. G. Pace. Jan 90, 125p EPA/450/4-90/004
See also PB87-206496, PB87-206504 and PB89-
181101. Prepared in cooperation with University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, and Nevada Univ.
System, Reno. Desert Research Inst.
The Chemical Man Balance (CMB) receptor model
uses chemical composition measured in the source
and receptor samples to estimate the relative contribu-
tions of different source categories to ambient particu-
late concentration. The manual describes the CMB7
receptor model software. It is designed to allow users
to use the CMB receptor model constructively with a
few hour's learning time. Emphasizing rapid command
of modeling procedures, the manual covers primarily
the mechanical aspects of operating the model, infor-
mation on the theoretical basic principles of CMB re-
ceptor modeling is also briefly explained in the appen-
dices. The manual is intended for wide use by State
and local air pollution control agency personnel in de-
veloping State Implementation Plans for PM10. The
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has published a
companion document to this manual that should be
consulted for this application. The Protocol for Apply-
ing and Validating the CMB Model, EPA-450/4-87-
010, provides guidance on applicability, assumptions
and interpretation of results. This protocol provides a
practical strategy for obtaining valid results.
Keywords: 'Computerized simulation, 'Chemical com-
pounds, Concentration(Composition), Sources, Parti-
cles, Performance evaluation, Computer systems pro-
grams, Information systems, Least squares method,
Linear regression, User manuais(Computer pro-
grams), 'Air pollution sampling, 'Air quality data, 'Re-
ceptor models, 'Mass balance, State Implementation
Plans.
PB90-185125/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
influence of Macromolecuies on Chemical Trans-
port. Journal article.
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
C. G. Enfield, G. Bengtsson, and R. Lindqvist. c1989,
11p EPA/600/ J-89/277
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v23
n10 p1278-1286 Oct 89. Prepared in cooperation with
Lund Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Ecological Chemistry.
Macromolecuies in the pore fluid influence the mobility
of hydrophobic compounds through soils. The study
evaluated the significance of macromolecuies in facili-
tating chemical transport under laboratory conditions.
Partition coefficients between (14)C-labeled hexach-
lorobenzene and three macromolecuies (dextran,
humic acid, and groundwater dissolved organic carbon
(DOC)) were determined in a three-phase (water-mac-
romolecule-soil) system. There were significant differ-
ences between the macromolecuie:water partition co-
efficients, which ranged from 1X10 sup 3 to 1 X 10
sup 6. Soihwater partitioning for humic acid was dem-
onstrated by using column breakthrough curves where
the breakthrough curve for humic acid was retarded
behind (3)H20. Breakthrough curves for dextran and
groundwater DOC demonstrated apparent size exclu-
sion, as these compounds eluted from the soil column
before the (3)H20. The impact of the dextran was
demonstrated under dynamic conditions by use of hex-
achlorobenzene, anthracene, and pyrene with and
without macromolecuies in replicated, biologically in-
hibited (sodium azide), saturated soil columns. (Copy-
right (c) 1989 American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Soil analysis, Molecules,
Mobility, Mathematical models, Isotherms, Least
squares method, Absorption, Reprints, 'Environmen-
tal transport.
PB90-18S133/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Interlaboratory Methods Comparison for the Total
Organic Carbon Analysis of Aquifer Materials.
Journal article.
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
R. M. Powell, B. E. Bledsoe, G. P. Curtis, and R. L.
Johnson. c1989,6p EPA/600/J-89/276
Pub. In Environmental Science and Technology, v23
n10 p1246-1249 Oct 89. Prepared in cooperation with
Oregon Graduate Center, Beaverton, Stanford Univ.,
CA„ and Northrop Services, lnc./Environmental Sci-
ences, Ada, OK.
The total organic carbon (TOC) content of aquifer ma-
terials has Been found to have significant effects on
the movement of pollutants in the subsurface environ-
ment. Accurate quantification of TOC is therefore of
great importance to research in groundwater contami-
nation. However, large discrepancies have been ob-
served when laboratories employing different methods
determine TOC on the same aquifer material. The
study was undertaken to evaluate the extent of these
differences and examine their causes. Five subsurface
samples were distributed and analyzed for both total
carbon and total organic carbon by several instrumen-
tal techniques at four laboratories. Results indicate
that when the material is adequately prepared with
regard to homogeneity and removal of carbonate min-
erals, reasonaby comparable values are obtained for
all the instruments used, with the exception of a wet
oxidation technique that is insufficiently oxidizing.
Trends in subsurface research indicate a need for
methods with improved accuracy and precision to
lower detection limits and increase reliability. (Copy-
right (c) 1989 American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Aquifers, 'Chemical analysis, 'Carbon,
Graphs(Charts), Ground water, Oxidation reduction re-
actions, Reprints, Environmental transport, Total or-
ganic carbon, Interlaboratory comparisons.
PB90-185141/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
Combined Effects of Chlorine and Ammonia on
Litter Breakdown In Outdoor Experimental
Streams. Journal article.
Minnesota Univ., St. Paul. Dept. of Forest Resources.
R. M. Newman, and J. A. Perry. C1989,13p EPA/600/
J-89/274
Grant EPA-R812468
Pub. in Hydrobiologia, v184 p69-78 Nov 89. Spon-
sored by Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
The response of Potamogeton crispus L. breakdown
to controlled doses of different levels of chlorine and
chlorine + ammonia was investigated over two years
in outdoor experimental streams. In 1985, downstream
riffles of 2 streams were dosed (observed in-stream
concentrations) at ca. 10 micro g/L Total Residual
Chlorine (TRC), one stream at 64 micro g/L TRC and
one stream at 230 micro g/L TRC. Two control
streams were not dosed and the upstream riffles of
each stream served as within stream controls. In Aug-
Sep, all three streams with chlorine + ammonia (6, 56
and 146 micro g/L TRC + 2.5 mg/L ammonia) and the
70 micro g/L TRC alone stream had significantly lower
decomposition rates in the downstream dosed sites.
For these streams, downstream decay rates ranged
from 46% (high chlorine + ammonia) to 73% (Tow
chlorine + ammonia) of the upstream control rates.
No other up-down pairs were different during the trial.
Up and downstream sites of the stream dosed with 2.5
mg/L ammonia alone were nearly identical for both
trials (<3% difference). These results indicate that
TRC at less than 250 micro g/L can significantly
reduce litter decomposition and strongly suggest that
addition of ammonia to chlorinated water can increase
the toxic effect of chlorine. (Copyright (c) 1989 Kluwer
Academic Publishers.)
Keywords: 'Chlorine, 'Water pollution, 'Ammonia,
'Aquatic plants, Streams, Tables(Data),
Graphs(Charts), Biodeterioration, Reprints, 'Decon-
tamination, Potamogeton crispus.
PB90-185158/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Changes In Conductivity, Alkalinity, Calcium, and
pH during a 50-Year Period in Selected Northern
Wisconsin Lakes. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. M. Eilers, G. E. Glass, A. K. Pollack, and J. A.
Sorensen. C1989,18p EPA/600/ J-89/273
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Fisheries and Aquatic Sci-
ence, v46 n11 p1929-19441989. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.,
Minnesota Univ.-Duluth. Dept. of Chemistry, and E and
S Environmental Chemistry, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
Between 1925 and 1941 extensive water quality meas-
urements were made on over 600 northern Wisconsin
lakes, providing a benchmark against which compari-
sons can be made if the modern equivalent measure-
ments can be determined. Of these 149 lakes were
sampled from 1979 to 1983. Data on conductivity al-
ras srssrs "snsr ess
iusted to be comparable to receT£tenK£
measurements by a regression model. rJoadiiSments
maaaraiwnte n °"Ca' Calcium Or Conductivity
measurements. Comparisons of adjusted historical
m8Mi^ nf r«iff !how a significant increase in the
means of all four variables. The largest increases in all
four vanables show an association with increases in
land use development on the lake perimeters. StatisU-
cMn,l,lcart changes in alkalinity are observed,
with 28 lakes increasing and 11 decreasing, compared
with 110 lakes showing no change. Possible explana-
tions for chemical changes in those lakes that have ex-
perienced little change in land use are discussed. For
the lakes in northern Wisconsin which may have been
affected by airborne pollutants, it is likely that these ef-
fects had their beginning before initiation of the histori-
cal lake survey.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Lakes, 'Water quality,
'Alkalinity, 'Calcium, *pH, 'Conductivity, Land use,
Sampling, Air water interactions, Water pollution, Air
pollution, Colorimetric analysis, Potentiometric analy-
sis, Comparison, Water chemistry, Limnology, Re-
prints, Acid rain.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-1B5166/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Littoral Enclosure for Replicated Field Experi-
ments. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. C. Brazner, L. J. Heinis, and D. A. Jensen. c1989,
10p EPA/600/J-89/272
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v8
p1209-1216 1989. Prepared in cooperation with Wis-
consin Univ.-Superior. Center for Lake Superior Envi-
ronmental Studies.
A design for 5 X10 m littoral enclosures that extend 10
m from the shoreline into the zone of submergent
vegetation and incorporate undisturbed natural sedi-
ments for the bottom is presented and construction
techniques are described. This type of enclosure was
used to study the responses of caged and free-living
pond biota and the physical and chemical environment
to a single application of Dursban (R) (chlorpyrifos)
during the summer of 1986 as part of the development
of a field testing protocol for pesticides needed by the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesti-
cide Programs. Chlorpyrifos was added to 12 littoral
enclosures built within a mesotrophic, 2-ha pond near
Duluth, Minnesota, at nominal concentrations of 0.0,
0.5, 5.0 or 20.0 micro g/L. The enclosures proved to
be both economical and durable and were useful for
detecting direct and indirect (ecological) effects of the
pesticide. Coefficients of variation (C.V.) associated
with the chemical and biological response variables
typically ranged from 10 to 40%. The ability to simulta-
neously monitor many response variables in replicate
enclosures at a relatively low cost suggests that the lit-
toral enclosure design should be useful for studying
the effects of pesticide or other pollutant additions to
natural aquatic systems.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Field tests, Enclosures,
Aquatic biology, Tables(Data), Reproducibility, Re-
prints, "Test facilities, Dursban, Chloipyrifoo.
PB90-185174/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Relationship between CO, POHC, and PIC Emis-
sions from a Simulated Hazardous Waste Inciner-
ator. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
L. J. Staley, M. K. Richards, G. L. Huffman, R. A.
Olexsey, and B. Dellinger. c1989,9p EPA/600/J-89/
258
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v39
n3 p321-327 Mar 89. Prepared in cooperation with
Dayton Univ., OH. Research Inst.
Measurements conducted on full-scale hazardous
waste incinerators have occasionally shown a relation-
ship between carbon monoxide (CO) emissions and
emissions of toxic organic compounds. In the study,
four mixtures of chlorinated methane (CI) and ethane
(C2) hydrocarbons were diluted in commercial-grade
heptane and burned in a water-cooled Turbulent
Flame Reactor under two different excess air levels.
No correlation between CO and organic emissions
could be discerned. Reasons for this lack of observ-
able correlations are discussed in terms of combustion
and chemical reaction kinetic theory. (Copyright (c)
1989, Air and Waste Management Association.)
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Incinerators,
"Waste disposal, "Combustion products, "Continuous
sampling. Organic compounds, Carbon monoxide,
Combustion efficiency, Performance evaluation, Reac-
tion kinetics, Chlorohydrocarbons, Design criteria. By-
products,	Experimental	design,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, "Air pollution
sampling, "Toxic substances.
PB90-185182/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Filtration of Ground Water Samples for Metals
Analysis. Journal article.
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada.
OK.
R. W. Puis, and M. J. Barcelona. c1989,11p EPA/600/
J-89/278
Pub. fn Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials, v6
n4 p385-393 Nov 89. Prepared in cooperation with Illi-
nois State Water Survey Div., Champaign. Aquatic
Chemistry Section.
The filtration of a ground water samples with 0.45 mi-
crometer filters for determination of dissolved' metals
is not only inaccurate for distinguishing between dis-
solved and particulate phases, but if used for esti-
mates of mobile contaminant loading in a given aqui-
fer, may result in significant underestimations.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Filtration, "Water
analysis, "Ground water, "Metals, "Waste disposal,
Aquifers, Observation wells, Site surveys, Perform-
ance evaluation, Arizona, Dissolving, Water quality,
California, Concentration(Composition), Reprints,
"Water pollution sampling, "Water pollution detection,
Environmental transport, Case studies, Superfund pro-
gram.
PB90-185190/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Metal-Induced Alteration of the Cell Membrane/
Cytoplasm Complex Studied by Flow Cytometry
and Detergent Lysis. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. M. Zucker, K. H. Elstein, R. E. Easterling, and E. J.
Massaro. C1988,12p EPA/600/J-88/487
Pub. in Toxicology, v53 p69-78 Jul 88. Prepared in co-
operation with NSI Technology Services Corp., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle is most effec-
tively accomplished with membrane-/cytoplasma-free
(clean) nuclei. Non-ionic detergents (e.g. NP40 or
Triton X-100) commonly are employed to solubilize
cells membranes/cytoplasm to produce 'clean' nuclei.
Treatment of murine erythroleukemic cells with tri-n-
butylin methoxide, cadmium acetate, zinc sulfate, or
lead acetate alters the properties of the cell mem-
brane/cytoplasm complex making it resistant to NP40
dissolution. On a molar basis, the organotin compound
was more effective in inducing resistance to detergent-
mediated dissolution than the inorganic metal com-
pounds. Resistance to NO40-mediated dissolution
was manifested as an increase in the flow cytometric
parameters 90 degree scatter and fluorescein isothlo-
cyanate fluorescence and was confirmed by light mi-
croscopy. (Copyright (c) Elsevier Scientific Publishers
Ireland, Ltd.)
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Cadmium, "Zinc, "Cyto-
plasm, "Detergents, Fluorescence, Cell nucleus, Re-
prints, "Tributyltin, "Cell membrane, Cultured tumor
cells, Flow cytometry.
PB90-185208/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pharmacologic Probing of Amphotericin B-ln-
duced Renal Dysfunction In the Neonatal Rat.
Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Perinatal Toxicology Branch.
J. A. Gray, and R.J. Kavlock. c1988,11 p EPA/600/J-
88/486
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v93
p360-368 May 88. Prepared in cooperation with North
Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
Acetazolamide, furosemide, chlorothiazide, and ami-
loride are pharmacologic agents that act primarily in
the proximal tubule, loop of Henle, early distal tubule
and late distal tubule and collecting duct, respectively.
In order to investigate the renal pathophysiology in-
duced by amphotericin B, these diuretic agents were
used as probes of discrete segments of the nephron in
the neonatal rat. Six-day-old rats were treated with am-
photericin B (20 mg/kg, sc) or the vehicle. Twenty-four
hours later, when evidence of amphotericin B-induced
renal pathophysiology is detectable, the responses to
the diuretic agents were assessed in a 2-hr clearance
test, during which creatinine clearance (CCr) and the
fractional excretion (FE) of water and various compo-
nents of the filtrate were determined. Amphotericin B
induced alterations in basal function including azote-
mia, hypostenuria, increases FE water and electro-
lytes, and a decreased FE urea (although CCr was
normal). All of the diuretic agents elicited an increase
in urea excretion in amphotericin B-treated pups such
that FE urea approached control values. (Copyright (c)
1988 Academic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: "Pharmacology, "Toxicology, Diuretics,
Rats, Graphs(Charts), pH, Diuresis, Reprints, "Ampho-
tericin B, "Kidney diseases, Newborn animals, Physio-
pathology.
PB90-185216/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Assay
of Blphenyl Metabolism by Hepatocytes Cultured
In an Embryo/Hepatocyte Co-culture Medium.
Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park NC
M. l'MoIb, L. Sanders, and L. A. Oglesby. C1988,13p
EPA/600/J-88/485
Pub. in Analytical Biochemistry, v175 p74-84 1968.
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc./
Environmental Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC.
A high-performance liquid chromatographic method
has been modified for the evaluation of both Phase I
and II metabolism of biphenyl by hepatocytes main-
tained in an embryo/hepatocyte co-culture medium.
Extracts of the media, before and after hydrolysis of
conjugates, are directly injected onto the HPLC and
the major hydroxylated metabolites plus unmetabo-
lized biphenyl are detected by fluorescence after sepa-
ration under gradient or isocratic conditions. The
method is almost free of interferences and is relatively
simple and rapid. In the case of monohydroxylated de-
rivatives, the minimum media concentrations which
can be measured are 7 to 20 nM (0.07 to 0.2 pmol on-
column). Recoveries from culture medium to which
known amounts of biphenyl and metabolites had been
added were quantitative (90-103%) and the reproduc-
ibility good (interassay CV < 5%). The assay was ap-
plied to cultures of hepatocytes derived from rabbit
and from phenobarbital induced and noninduced rat
(Copyright (c) 1988 Academic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: "Liver, "Embryo, "Toxicology,
Cells(Biology), Hydrolysis, Metabolism, Tables(Data),
Reprints, "Biphenyl compounds, High pressure liquid
chromatography, Cytochrome P450, Enzyme induc-
tion.
PB90-185224/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Detection of 06-Methyldeoxyguanoaine In Human
Placental DNA. Journal article.
American Health Foundation, Inc., Valhalla, NY. Naylor
Dana Inst, for Disease Prevention.
P. G. Foiles, L. M. Miglietta, S. A. Akerkar, R. B.
Everson, and S. S. HecM. C1988,7p EPA/600/ J-88/
483
Pub. in Cancer Research, v48 p4184-4188 Aug 88.
Prepared in cooperation with National Inst of Environ-
mental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Epidemiology Branch. Sponsored by Health Effects
Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC., and Na-
tional Cancer Inst., Bethesda, MD.
A monoclonal antibody specific for 0(sup 6)-methyl-
deoxyguanosine (0(sup 6)-MedGuo) was developed.
When used in a competitive ELISA, 50% inhibition of
binding was achieved with 0.51 pmol 0(sup 6)-
MedGuo. When the competitive ELISA was coupled
with HPLC, 2 mg of DNA could be analyzed giving a
lower limit of detection of 0.5 micromol 0(sup 6)-
MedGuo per mol deoxyguanosine. The assay was
used to test for 0(sup 6)-MedGuo in DNA from placen-
tas of smoking and non-smoking women. Two of 10
DNA samples from smoking women and 3 of 10 from
non-smoking women had detectable levels of Ofsup
6)-MedGuo. Levels ranged from 0.6 to 1.6 micromol
0(sup 6)-MedGuo per mol deoxyguanosine. Levels of
0(sup 6)-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase (AAT)
protein were also measured. There was no apparent
relationship between AAT and 0(sup 6)-MedGuo
levels in the 20 subjects, nor did mean AAT: levels
differ between the 2 groups. Although no apparent re-
lationship between smoking history and u(sup 6V
MedGuo formation was found In the preliminary study
the report is the first of a structurally identified DNA
adduct in human placenta.
Keywords: "Placenta, "Smoking, 'Deoxyribonucleic
acids, Humans, Females, Reprints, "Monoclonal anti-
bodies, "Methyldeoxyguanosine, Antibody binding
sites. High pressure liquid chromatography.
PB90-185232/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
Ozone Production from Irradiation of AcetytanmJ
Chlorine Mixtures In Air. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trianoie
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
B. W. Gay, and E. O. Edney. c1989,4p EPA/600/J-
89/285
Rub. in Air and Waste Management Association, v39
n11 p1467-1468 Nov 89.
The reaction of chlorine radicals with acetylene in air In
the absence of oxides of nitrogen result in the forma-
tion of ozone. No ozone is observed when chlorine
radicals react with methylacetylene or ethylacetylene
under similar conditions. Formyl chloride is observed in
all systems. A mechanism is proposed for the major
products observed in the acetylene reaction. The addi-
tion of chlorine to acetylene followed by molecular
oxygen addition results in the formation of the perox-
ychioroethylene radical. A possible explanation for 03
production is elimination of an oxygen atom from such
radicals with excess energy, followed by reaction with
molecular oxygen. In the case of substituted acety-
lenes the larger radicals formed may be able to dissi-
pate the excess energy. Without the formation of
atomic oxygen, ozone is not formed. The study dem-
onstrates another mechanism through which ozone
may be formed in addition to N02 photolysis. More
work is required to more fully clarify the mechanism for
03 production. (Copyright (c) 1989 Air & Waste Man-
agement Association.)
Keywords: "Ozone, 'Irradiation, "Chlorine, "Acety-
lene, Radicals, Mixtures, Chemical reactions, Forma-
tion, Reprints.
PBSO-185240/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Review, Discussion, and Summary: Toxicology.
Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. A. Graham. C1989,6p EPA/600/J-89/283
Pub. in Environmental Health Perspectives, v70 p191-
194 Feb 89.
The research presented in the toxicology session of
the Symposium on the Health Effects of Acid Aerosols
significantly advances our understanding of the health
enacts of acid aerosols and clearly illustrates the im-
portance of animal inhalation toxicology to risk assess-
ment. The description of the effects of acid on airway
mucus buffering capacity and viscosity helps explain
some of the mechanisms responsible for the effects of
sulfuric acid on mucociliary clearance and pulmonary
function observed in man and animals. Several of the
papers illustrate that other pollutants interact with sul-
furic acid (H2S04), causing concern about exposure
risks and helping in elucidating the effects observed in
epidemiology studies that have not yet been duplicat-
ed in a laboratory. For example, H2S04 absorbed on
zinc oxide (ZnO) particles appears to be about a log
more potent than H2S04 alone in causing pulmonary
function decrements. Low levels of H2S04 and 03
were found to be synergistic in increasing collagen
synthesis, implying a risk in development of lung fibro-
sis. More complex mixtures containing H2S04 cause a
variety of interactions, depending upon the end points
examined and the chemistry of the mixture. Other re-
ports indicate that dose rate and length of exposure
Issues are critical to toxicological outcomes.
Keywords: "Respiratory system, "Toxicology, "Air
routes, "Air pollution, Mucus, Zinc oxides, Sulfuric
acid, Reprints, "Air pollution effects(Humans), Dose-
response relationships, Risk assessment.
PB90-185257/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Comparison of Age-Related Changes In In vivo
and In vitro Measures of Testicular Steroidogene-
sis after Acute Cadmium Exposure In the Spra-
mie-Dawley Rat Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
p"^'Phelps, and J. W. Laskey. c1989,14p EPA/600/
J'89/282
Pub in Jrl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health,
v27 p95-105 Jan 89.
Previous reports have demonstrated that cadmium-
(Cd-) induced testicular necrosis is an age-dependent
process. However, little information exists on age-re-
lated intestitial cell (IC) damage in the rat after acute
exposure to Cd. In vitro and In vivo measures of testic-
ular damage were utilized to compare the sensitivity of
these measures and to further investigate age-related
Cd-induced testicular damage. Testes, epididymides,
and seminal vesicle weights, serum testosterone (sT),
hCG-stlmulated sT, and basal and stimulated IC tes-
tosterone (T) production were compared in rats 21 d
following an injection of 2 mg Cd/kg at 9, 37, 67, and
97 d of age. The only Cd-related change noted for im-
mature rats was an 84% reduction in sT. In rats inject-
ed when 37 d old, hCG-stimulated sT and epididy-
mides and seminal vesicle weights, although de-
pressed, were not significantly altered. However, all
other measurements were significantly depressed. All
measures of testicular damage were significantly de-
pressed in rats injected at 67 and 97 d of age. Overall,
in vitro measures were more sensitive indicators of Cd-
induced testicular damage than in vivo measures.
Keywords: "Cadmium, "Testosterone, "Toxicology,
"Aging, "Testis, Rats, In vitro analysis, In vivo analysis,
Animal physiology, Reprints, Dose-response relation-
ships, Acute exposure.
PB90-185265/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Suppression of Lymphocyte Proliferation by Hex-
amethylene Diamine. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Perinatal Toxicology Branch.
R. W. Luebke, C. B. Copeland, O. Irsula, M. M. Riddle,
and R. B. Rogers. C1989,15p EPA/600/J-89/281
Pub. in Toxicology, v56 p301-313 Jul 89. Prepared in
cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc./Environmen-
tal Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC.
The antiproliferative potential of hexamethylene dia-
mine (HMDA) for mitogen-stimulated splenic lympho-
cytes was evaluated in vitro at final concentrations of
0.1 -16 mM. Addition at the start of culture or after 24 or
48 h of culture decreased the proliferative response to
T and B cell mitogens. However, the concentration of
HMDA required to cause suppression increased with
incubation time. Removal of diamine after 24 h allowed
cells to proliferate normally upon reculture with mito-
gen. ODC activity, which was much greater in cultures
stimulated with Con A than LPS, was markedly de-
creased by inclusion of diamine or DFMO in the culture
medium. Addition of putrescine to cultures did not re-
verse the suppressive effects of diamine on prolifera-
tion but did restore DFMO-containing cultures to con-
trol levels of activity. These results indicate that HMDA
does suppress lymphocyte proliferation in vitro by al-
teration of ODC and polyamine activity. However, com-
parison of results obtained with DFMO and HMDA sug-
gests that HMDA may act via multiple pathways, only
one of which involves inhibition of ODC activity. (Copy-
right (c) 1989 Elsevier Scientific Publishers Ireland
Ltd.)
Keywords: "Lymphocytes, "Spleen, In vitro analysis,
Retarding, Graphs(Charts), Enzyme inhibitors, Re-
prints, 'Hexamethylene diamine, 'Cell division, Orni-
thine decarboxylase.
PB90-185273/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
7,12-Dlmethylbenz(a)anthracene-lnduced Modula-
tion of Cytokines Involved In Cytotoxic T Lym-
Rhocyte Induction. Journal article,
ealtn Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. V. House, M. J. Pallardy, G. R. Burleson, and J. H.
Dean. c1988,14p EPA/600/ J-88/482
Pub. in In vitro Toxicology, a Jnl. of Molecular and Cel-
lular Toxicology, v2 n4 p267-278 Dec 88. Prepared in
cooperation with Chemical Industry Inst, of Toxicology,
Research Triangle Park, NC., and Sterling Research
Group, Rensselaer, NY. Dept. of Toxicology.
Murine lymphocytes were exposed to the carcinogenic
polycvclk: aromatic hydrocarbon 7,12-
dimetnylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and several cyto-
kines were measured. Production of interieukin-1 by
macrophages, interieukin-2 by EL-4 thymoma, and
gamma interferon by activated splenic lymphocytes
were not affected by DMBA. However, interleukin-5
(also known as T cell replacing factor) was significantly
suppressed by DMBA. Cloned cytotoxic T lymphocyte
activity was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by
DMBA and the suppression was significantly en-
hanced by addition of beta or gamma interferon. The
results support the hypothesis that, rather than acting
as a non-specific inhibitor of lymphocyte proliferation,
DMBA-induced suppression of antigen-specific cytoly-
sis is a mechanism directed against highly-specific cel-
lular targets in the immune process.
Keywords: "Lymphocytes, "Cytology, "Antigen anti-
body	reactions,	Reprints,
*Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, 'Cytokines, 'Cytotoxic
T lymphocytes, Interferon type I, Dose-response rela-
tionships, Interferon type II, Macrophage activation.
PB90-185281/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Prenatal alpha-DHIuoromethylornlthlne Treat-
ment: Effects on Postnatal Renal Growth and
Function In the Rat. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Perinatal Toxicology Branch.
J. A. Gray, B. F. Rehnberg, E. H. Rogers, C. Lau, and T.
A. Slotkin. c1989,9p EPA/600/J-89/280
Pub. in Teratology, v40 p105-111 Aug 89. Prepared in
cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc./Environmen-
tal Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC., and Duke
Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC. Dept. of Pharma-
cology.
DFMO (alpha-difluoromethylornithine) is a specific irre-
versible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), a
key enzyme in the biosynthesis of polyaminos, which in
turn control macromolecule synthesis during cell prolif-
eration. The current study was designed to investigate
the effects of inhibition of ODC dunng discrete prena-
tal periods on renal growth and function. Five doses of
500 mg/kg DFMO or saline s.c. were administered to
timed pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats at 12 hr intervals
beginning on gestation days (GD) 11, 14, or 17. Half
the dams Were killed on GD 20 for fetal morphological
analyses and half were allowed to go to term. Renal
function was assessed on postnatal days (PD) 3,6,10,
and 14 by tests of basal renal clearance and urinary
concentrating ability, and on PD 42-44 serum chemis-
tries were measured. All three gestational treatment
regiments resulted in postnatal deficits in general
growth. These data indicate that general tissue growth
is not always a predictor of physiological development
and support the necessity of multitaceted approaches
to the understanding of adverse developmental ef-
fects. (Copyright (c) 1989 Alan R. Liss, Inc.)
Keywords: "Kidney, "Toxicity, Enzyme inhibitors, Rats,
Embryos, Growth abnormalities. Animal physiology,
Reprints, "Alpha-difluoromethylornithine, "Biological
effects, "Prenatal exposure delayed effects, Dose-re-
sponse relationships, Ornithine decarboxylase.
PB90-185299/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Bacteriophage Transport In Sandy Soil and Frac-
tured Tuff. Journal article.
Arizona Univ., Tucson.
R. C. Bales, C. P. Gerba, G. H. Grondin, and S. L.
Jensen. C1989,9p EPA/600/J-89/279
Grants EPA-R-81147, USGS-14-08-0001-G-1501
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v55
n8 p2061-2067 Aug 89. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr
Environmental Research Lab., Ada, OK., and Geologi-
cal Survey, Reston, VA.
Bacteriophage transport was investigated in laboratory
column experiments using sandy soil, a controlled field
study in a sandy wash, and laboratory experiments
using fractured rock. In the soil columns, the phage
MS-2 exhibited significant dispersion and was ex-
cluded from 35 to 40% of the void volume but did not
adsorb. Dispersion in the field was similar to that ob-
served in the laboratory. The phage f2 was largely ex-
cluded from the porous matrix of the two fractured-
rock cores studied, coming through 1.2 and 2.0 times
later than predicted on the basis of fracture flow alone.
Because of matrix diffusion, nonsorbing solutes were
retarded by over a factor of three relative to fracture
flow. Results of both granular-medium and fractured-
rock experiments illustrate the inability of a solute
tracer to provide estimates for dispersion and effective
porosity that are applicable to a colloid. Bacteriophage
can be used to better estimate the maximum subsur-
face transport rate of colloidal contaminants through a
porous formation. (Copyright (c) 1989 American Socie-
ty for Microbiology.)
Keywords: "Bacteriophages, "Microbiology. "Colloids,
"Water pollution, Hazardous materials. Viruses,
Graphs(Charts), Ground water, Soil, Contaminants,
Reprints, "Biological transport, Isoelectric point.
PB90-185307/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Developing the Scientific Basis for Assessing Cu-
mulative Effects of Wetland Loss and Degrada-
tion on Landscape Functions: Status, Perspec-
tives, and Prospects. Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
B. L. Bedford, and E. M. Preston. c1988,24p* EPA/
600/J-88/506
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pub. in Environmental Management, v12 n5 p751-771
Sep 88. Prepared in cooperation with Cornell Univ.,
Ithaca, NY.
The paper presents a synthesis of recent efforts by the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Eco-
systems Research Center at Cornell University to bring
wetland science and regulation into alignment with the
reality of the cumulative effects of wetland loss and
degradation on entire landscapes and regions. It sum-
marizes the status of present scientific understanding,
discusses means by which to actualize the existing po-
tential for matching the scales of research and regula-
tion with the scales at which effects are observed, and
provides guidelines for building a stronger scientific
base for landscape-level assessments of cumulative
effects. It also provides the outlines for a synoptic and
qualitative approach to cumulative effects assessment
based on a re-examination of generic assessment
framework. A sound scientific basis for regulation will
not come merely from acquiring more information on
more variables. It will come from recognizing that a
perceptual shift to larger temporal, spatial, ana organi-
zational scales is overdue. The shift in scale will dictate
different, not necessarily more, variables to be meas-
ured in future wetland research and considered in wet-
land regulation. (Copyright (c) 1988 Springer Verlag.)
Keywords'. 'Topography, Regional planning, Land de-
velopment, Estimating, Regulations, Reprints, 'Envi-
ronmental protection, 'Wetlands, Mitigation, Natural
resources management, Ecosystems.
PB90-185414/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Report on the Status ot Chemicals In the Special
Review Program and Registration Standards In
the Rereglstratlon Program, December 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
C. Furlow. Dec 89,61 p' EPA/540/09-90/084
Supersedes PB89-172894.
The publication contains an alphabetical listing of all
chemicals which have been or are being handled
under the Special Review Process, and an alphabeti-
cal listing of the chemicals which have been through or
are now active in the ReRegistration Process. Over-
views of both programs are presented.
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Herbicides, "Insecticides,
Fungicides,	'Standards,	Toxicity,
Reproduction(Biology), 'Reregistration, Carcinogen-
icity tests, Mutagenicity tests, Teratogens.
PB90-185422/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Compiling Air Toxics Emission Inventories.
Second Edition.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
D. W. Safriet. Feb 90,80p* EPA/450/4-86/010
See also PB86-238086.
The report contains technical materials that will assist
state and local control agencies in compiling air toxics
emission inventories. It contains a discussion of vari-
ous considerations that should be made in planning
and beginning an inventory and various tools an
agency can use to locate potential sources and to esti-
mate emissions therefrom. The appendices contain
the data needed to use these inventory tools and
some example applications of them.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Profiles, State gov-
ernment, Local government, Sources, Management
planning, Licenses, Atmospheric diffusion, Mathemati-
cal models, Error analysis, 'Emission inventories,
'Toxic substances, 'Air pollution sampling, Risk as-
sessment, Compliance.
PB90-185547/HSU	PC A11/MF A02
Detecting Leaks: Successful Methods Step-by-
Step. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of U nderground Storage Tanks.
C Beall, L. McConnell, A. Nugent, and J. Parsons. Nov
89,235p* EPA/530/UST-89/012
The handbook provides basic information on release
detection methods allowed in the final underground
storage tank rule which include: inventory control,
manual tank gauging, tank tightness testing, automatic
tank gauging, vapor monitoring, ground-water monitor-
ing and secondary containment with interstitial moni-
1526 Vol. 90, No. 24
toring. It provides a brief description and summary of
each method along with potential problems that may
occur with each and solutions to those problems. The
handbook also contains information on piping release
detection methods.
Keywords: 'Handbooks, 'Hazardous materials, 'Un-
derground storage, 'Fuel storage, 'Chemical com-
pounds, 'Storage tanks, 'Leak detectors, State gov-
ernment, Local government, Crude oil, Site surveys,
Pipes(Tubes), Pipe fittings, Tables(Data), Equipment
specifications, Inspection, Measuring instruments, In-
ventory control, Calibrating, 'Environmental monitor-
ing, 'Land pollution, Air pollution sampling, Water pol-
lution sampling, Fugitive emissions, Pollution regula-
tions, State implementation plans, Soil gases.
PB90-185844/HSU	PC A99/MF A04
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Air Emissions Species Manual. Volume 1. Volatile
Organic Compound Species Profiles. Second Edi-
tion. Final rept. Apr 88-Oct 89.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
G. W. Brooks, J. T. Waddell, and W. A. Butler. Jan 90,
640p* EPA/450/2-90/001 A
Contract EPA-68-02-4286
See also PB88-225792 and PB90-146416. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
several activities that require speciated particulate
matter (PM) or volatile organic compounds (VOC) pro-
files from several source categories. In an effort to
update the available speciated PM profile data base,
EPA Initiated studies to update the 'Receptor Model
Source Composition Library' and produce a revision
entitled 'Air Emissions Species Manual - Volume II,
Particulate Matter Species Profiles'. Similarly for VOC
emissions, EPA performed studies to revise the 'Vola-
tile Organic Compound Species Data Manual - Second
Edition' and provide an updated version in the 'Air
Emissions Species Manual - Volume I, Volatile Organic
Compound Species Profiles'. The purpose of the docu-
ment is to update VOC profiles in the Air Emissions
Species Manual, Volume I.
Keywords: 'Profiles, "Exhaust emissions, 'Combus-
tion products, Tables(Data), Boilers, Internal combus-
tion engines, Solid waste disposal, Carbon black, Syn-
thetic fibers, Wood products, Paints, Varnishes, Pesti-
cides, Plastics, Elastomers, Asphalts, Petroleum prod-
ucts, Coatings, "Air pollution sampling, "Volatile or-
ganic compounds, 'Emission factors, 'Speciation fac-
tors, 'Reference materials, Emission inventories,
Toxic substances.
PB90-186115/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Regulatory Context for Cumulative Impact Re-
search. Journal article.
Dynamac Corp., Rockville, MD.
A. Hirsch. C1988,11p* EPA/600/J-88/504
Pub. in Environmental Management, v12 n5 p715-723
Sep 88. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
Regulation of wetlands loss under Section 404 of the
Clean Water Act has received high priority within the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Better
information is needed to support regulatory decision-
making, including information on cumulative impacts.
Currently, consideration of cumulative impacts, al-
though required by various Federal regulations, is limit-
ed. Most regulatory decisions are made on a permit-
specific, site-specific basis, whereas cumulative im-
pacts must be assessed on a broader, regional scale.
Scientific information and methods necessary to sup-
port cumulative impact assessment have been lacking.
An anticipatory, planning-oriented framework to com-
plement the existing site-specific permit review pro-
gram is needed; sucn an effort is beginning to emerge.
In addition, EPA is supporting research to provide
better information on cumulative effects. It is recom-
mended that the EPA program place initial emphasis
on synthesis and analysis of existing information, on
maximizing its use in decisionmaking, and on informa-
tion transfer. Recommended approaches include cor-
relation of historic wetlands losses with loss of wet-
lands function and values, regional case studies, and
development of indices of cumulative impact for use in
permit review. (Copyright (c) 1988 Springer Verlag.)
Keywords: Research, Regulations, Regional planning,
Decision making, Estimating, Reprints, 'Wetlands,
'Environmental protection, Mitigation, US EPA, Feder-
al agencies, Natural resources management, Ecosys-
tems.
PB90-186123/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Evaluation Paradigm for Cumulative Impact Anal-
ysis. Journal article.
Army Engineer Inst, for Water Resources, Fort Belvoir
VA.
E. Z. Stakhiv. C1988,25p EPA/600/J-88/505
Pub. in Environmental Management, v12 n5 p725-748
Sep 88. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
Cumulative impact analysis is examined from a con-
ceptual decisionmaking perspective, focusing on its
implicit and explicit purposes as suggested within the
policy and procedures for environmental impact analy-
sis of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
(NEPA) and its implementing regulations. In the paper
it is also linked to different evaluation and ecisionmak-
ing conventions, contrasting a regulatory context with
a comprehensive planning framework. Finally, the spe-
cific problems that make the application of cumulative
impact analysis a virtually intractable evaluation re-
quirement are discussed in connection with the regula-
tion of wetlands uses through the Corps of Engineers'
permit program, in conjunction with the Environmental
Protection Agency's responsibilities in managing its
share of the 'Section 404' regulatory program require-
ments. To understand the purposes of cumulative
impact analysis (CIA), a key distinction must be made
between the implied comprehensive and multiob|ec-
tive evaluation purposes of CIA, promoted through the
principles and policies contained in NEPA, and the
more commonly conducted and limited assessment of
cumulative ecological effects (ACE), which focuses
almost entirely on the ecological effects of human ac-
tions. A heunstic model that incorporates the basic
elements of CIA is developed, including the idea of
trade-offs among social, economic, and environmental
protection goals carried out within the context of envi-
ronmental carry capacity. (Copyright (c) 1988 Sorina-
er-Verlag New York Inc.)
Keywords: 'Environmental surveys, Decision making
Ecology, Mathematical models, Management plan-
ning, Licenses, Assessments, Land use, Hydrology
Reprints, 'Environment management, 'National Envt
ronmental Policy Act of 1969, 'Cumulative impact
analysis, Wetlands, Socioeconomic factors. Compre-
hensive planning, Environmental protection, Public
opinion, Environmental effects.
PB90-186131/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Some Thoughts on Using a Landscape Frame-
work to Address Cumulative Impacts on Wetland
Food Chain Support. Journal article.
Arizona State Univ., Tempe.
J. M. Klopatek. c1988,11 p EPA/600/J-88/503
Pub. in Environmental Management, v12 n5 p703-711
Sep 88. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
A landscape-level approach is derived to hierarchically
separate the nation's wetlands into ecological regions.
The classification scheme allows for the predetermine-
tion of the environmental constraints and possible nat-
ural limits of the wetlands food chain support. A di£
cussion follows that uses existing data on food webs to
further classify wetlands into resistant or resilient eco-
systems. The information can then be employed in for-
mulating cumulative impact predictors. With the heb of
these predictors and extant models on resource pro-
ductivity a model is suggested to predict the move-
ment of animals between wetland patches. The sug-
gested model is derived from entropy maximization
principles and is based in spatial location theorv
(Copyright (c) 1988 Springer-Veriag.)
Keywords: 'Terrain models, 'Food chains, Predict
tions, Constraints, Mathematical models, Reorinte
'Wetlands, 'Environmental impacts, Natural r«u
sources management, Ecosystems.
PB90-186149/HSU	PC A02/MF AOI
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
iMues and Approaches In Assessing Cumulative
Impacts on Waterblrd Habitat In Wetlands. Journal
article.
Texas A and M Univ., College Station. Dept. of Wildlife
and Fisheries Sciences.
M. W. Weller. c1988,10p EPA/600/J-88/502
Pub. in Environmental Management, v12 n5 p695-701
Sap 88. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
In the report several approaches for estimating bird
habitat losses are derived from population curves
based on natural and experimentally induced popula-
tion fluctuations. Additional research needs and exper-
imental approaches are identified for addressing cu-
mulative impacts on wildlife habitat values. Because
they are conspicuous, vertebrates commonly are used
as indicators of changes in wetlands produced by envi-
ronmental impacts. Such impacts take place at the
landscape level where extensive areas are lost; at the
wetland complex level where some (usually small)
units of a closely spaced group of wetlands are
drained or modified; or at the level of the individual
wetland through modification or fragmentation that im-
pacts its habitat value.
Keywords: 'Wildlife, 'Birds, Aquatic animals, Estimat-
ing, Reprints, 'Wetlands, 'Habitats, 'Environmental
impacts, 'Waterfowl, Ecosystems, Biological indica-
tors, Natural resources management.
PB90-186156/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Nature of Cumulative Impacts on Blotlc Diversity
of Wetland Vertebrates. Journal article.
Florida Univ., Gainesville.
L D. Harris. C1988,21 p EPA/600/J-88/501
Pub. in Environmental Management, v12 n5 p675-693
Sep 88.
Cumulative impacts have important effects on wetland
vertebrates. The interactions of species diversity and
community structure produce a complex pattern in
which environmental impacts can play a highly signifi-
cant role. A variety of examples shows how wetlands
maintain the diversity of vertebrate populations, and
some of the ways that environmental perturbations
can interact to reduce diversity. It is impossible to pre-
dict the result of three or more different kinds of pertur-
bations, although the long-range effects can be ob-
served. One such case includes the ingestion of lead
shot by waterfowl, harvesting by hunters during migra-
tion, and loss of habitat. Waterfowl populations have
declined, but the proportional responsibility of these
factors has not been determined. Further examples
show the multiplicative effects of similar actions, ef-
forts with long time lags, diffuse processes in the land-
scape that may have concentrated effects on a com-
ponent subsystem, and a variety of other interactions
of increasing complexity. Impacts will need to be as-
sessed on alandscape or regional scale to produce in-
formed management decisions. A system of replicate
wetland reserves that are allowed to interact naturally
with the surrounding landscape will be more effective
in preserving biotic diversity than isolated sanctuaries.
(Copyright (c) 1908 Springer Veriag.)
Keywords: 'Vertebrates, Estimating, Reprints, 'Envi-
ronmental impacts, 'Wetlands, 'Species diversity,
Natural resources management, Habitats, Ecosys-
tems.
PBM-186164/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Impact* of Freshwater Wetlands on Water Qual-
ity; a Landscape Perspective. Journal article.
Smithsonian Environmental Research Center,
Edgewater, MD.
D F Whlgham, C. Chitterling, and B. Palmer. c1988,
12p EPA/600/J-88/500
Pub. in Environmental Management, v12 n5 p683-671
Sep 88. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
The paper suggests that a landscape approach might
be usewl in evaluating the effects of cumulative Im-
pacts on freshwater wetlands. The reason for using
the approach is that most watersheds contain more
than one wetland, and that their effects on water qual-
ity depend on the type of wetland and its position in the
landscape. Riparian areas that border uplands appear
to be important sites for nitrogen processing and re-
tention of large sediment particles. Fine particles that
are associated with high concentrations of phosphorus
are retained in downstream wetlands where flow rates
are slowed and where the surface water passes
through plant litter. Riverine systems also may play an
important role in processing nutrients primarily during
flooding events. Lacustrine wetlands appear to have
the least impact on water quality, due to a small ratio of
vegetated surface to open water. Examples are given
of changes that occurred when the hydrology of a
Maryland floodplain was altered. (Copyright (c) 1988
Springer-Verlag.)
Keywords: 'Topography, 'Water quality, Terrain,
Fresh water, Evaluation, Measuring, Reprints, 'Wet-
lands, 'Environmental impacts, Natural resources
management, Ecosystems.
PB90-186172/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Strategies for Assessing the Cumulative Effects
of Wetland Alteration on Water Quality. Journal ar-
ticle.
East Carolina Univ., Greenville, NC.
M. M. Brinson. C1988,10p EPA/600/J-88/499
Pub. in Environmental Management, v12 nS p655-662
Sep 88. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
Assessment of cumulative impacts on wetlands can
benefit by recognizing three fundamental wetland cat-
egories: basin, riverine, and fringe. The geomorpholo-
gical settings of these categories have relevance for
water quality. Biogeochemical influences tend to be
local rather than having a measurable affect on the
larger body o1 water. Consequently, the function of
these wetlands for critical habitat may warrant a cate-
gory for protection from high nutrient levels and toxins,
rather than expecting them to assume an assimilatory
role. The relative proportion of these wetland types
within a watershed and their status relative to past im-
pacts can be used to develop strategies for wetland
protection. Past impacts on wetlands, however, are
not likely to be clearly revealed in water quality records
from monitoring studies, either because records are
too short or because too many variables other than
wetland impacts affect water quality. It is suggested
that hydrologic records be used to reconstruct histori-
cal hydroperiods in wetlands for comparison with cur-
rent, altered conditions. Changes in hydroperiod imply
changes in wetland function, especially for biogeoche-
mical processes in sediments. Hydroperiod is poten-
tially a more sensitive index of wetland function than
surface areas obtained from aerial photographs. Final-
ly, the depositions! environment of wetlands is a land-
scape characteristic that has not been carefully evalu-
ated nor fully appreciated. Impacts that reverse depo-
sitional tendencies also may accelerate rates of
change, causing wetlands to be large net exporters
rather than modest net importers. Increases in rates as
well as direction can cause stocks of materials accu-
mulated over centuries in wetland sediments to be lost
within decades, resulting in nutrient loading to down-
stream aquatic ecosystems. (Copyright (c) 1988
Springer-Verlag New York Inc.)
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Sediments, Assessments,
Watersheds, Biogeochemistiy, Geomorphology, Nutri-
ents, Hydrology, Reprints, 'Cumulative impact analy-
sis, 'Wetlands, 'Environment management, 'Water
pollution sampling, Environmental protection, Sedi-
ment-water interfaces, Toxic substances. Ecosystems.
PB90-186180/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Cumulative Impacts on Watsr Quality Functions
of Wetlands. Journal article.
Massachusetts Inst, of Tech., Cambridge. Dept. of Civil
Engineering.
H. F. Hemond, and J. Benoit. c1988,18p EPA/600/J-
88/498
Pub. in Environmental Management, v12 n5 p639-653
Sep 88. Prepared In cooperation with Ecoscience Lab.,
Norwich, CT. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., OR.
Cumulative impacts on the water quality function of
wetlands are impacts whose total effect cannot be
predicted from the sum of the effects of individual im-
pacts. The wetland is not a simple filter; it embodies
chemical, physical, and biotic processes that can
detain, transform, release, or produce a wide variety of
substances. Because wetland water quality functions
result from the operation of many individual, distinct,
and quite dissimilar mechanisms, It is necessary to
consider the nature of each individual process. Given
knowledge of the various wetland processes, it is pos-
sible to make more guided judgments about the ef-
fects a suite of impacts is likely to have. When consid-
ered in this light, many common wetland alterations
seem likely to involve cumulative impact. The wetland
manager may be guided further by appropriate field
measurements at specific sites; such data can aid in
predicting cumulative impact or assessing the results
of past wetland management. (Copyright (c) 1988
Springer-Verlag New York Inc.)
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Water pollution, Ecology,
Assessments, Air pollution, Air water interactions,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Physical properties,
Chemical properties, Nutrients, Pesticides, Aromatic
polycyclic hydrocarbons, Food chains. Hydrology, Re-
prints, 'Cumulative impact analysis, 'Wetlands, 'Envi-
ronment management, Water runoff, Environmental
transport, Biological effects.
PB90-186198/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Evaluating the Cumulative Effects of Alteration on
New England Wetlands. Journal article.
Lowell Univ., MA. Dept. of Earth Sciences.
A. L. O'Brien. C1988,12p EPA/600/J-88/497
Pub. in Environmental Management, V12 n5 p627-636
Sep 88. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
In New England, patterns of glacial deposition strongly
influence wetland occurrence and function. Wetlands
overlying permeable deposits may be associated with
important aquifers where they can produce slight
modifications in water quality and head distribution
within the aquifer. Impacts to wetlands undoubtedly
will affect the functions, but the precise nature of the
effect is difficult to predict. The difficulty is especially
true of incremental impacts to wetlands, which may,
for example, produce a change in streamflow dispro-
portionate to wetland area in the drainage basin (i.e., a
non-linear effect). Additional research is needed
before hydrologic function can be reliably correlated
with physical properties of wetlands and landscapes. A
model is proposed to structure future research and ex-
plore relationships between hydrologic function and
physical properties of wetlands and landscapes. The
model considers: nature of the underlying deposits
(geologic type), location in the drainage basin (topo-
graphic position), relationship to the principal zone of
saturation (hydrologic position), and hydrologic char-
acter of the organic deposit. (Copyright (c) 1988
Springer Veriag.)
Keywords: 'Topography, 'Terrain models, Hydrogeo-
logy, Aquifers, Estimating, Reprints, 'Wetlands, 'Envi-
ronmental impacts, 'New England, Natural resources
management, Ecosystems.
PB90-186206/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Evaluating Cumulative Effects of Disturbance on
the Hydrojoglc Function of Bogs, Fens, and Mires.
Journal article.
Syracuse Univ., NY.
D. I. Siegel. C1988,8p EPA/600/J-88/496
Pub. in Environmental Management, v12 nS p621-626
Sep 88. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
Few quantitative studies have been done on the hy-
drology of fens, bogs and mires, and consequently any
predictions of the cumulative impacts of disturbances
on their hydrologic functions is extremely difficult
Bogs and fens are, in a sense, 'hydrobiologic' systems,
and any evaluation of cumulative impacts on them will
have to consider the complicated interactions, barely
understood, among the wetland hydrology, water
chemistry, and biota, and place the effect of individual
wetland Impacts within the context of the cumulative
impacts contributed to the watershed from other geo-
morphic areas and land uses. It is difficult to evaluate
the potential cumulative impacts on wetland hydrology
because geologic settings of wetlands are often com-
plex and the methods used to measure wetland
streamflow, groundwater flow, and evapotranspiration
are inexact. Their very scale makes it difficult to quanti-
fy the hydrologic function accurately. The paper re-
views current understanding of the hydrologic function
of bogs, fens, and mires at different scales and in dif-
ferent physiographic settings, and presents hypoth-
eses on potential cumulative impacts on the hydrolog-
ic function that might occur with multiple disturbances.
(Copyright (c) 1988 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.)
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Hydrology, 'Swamps, 'Water quality,
Quantitative analysis, Ground water recharge, Water-
sheds, Geomorphology, Reviews, Ecology,
Precipitation*Meteorology), Water chemistry, Reprints,
'Cumulative impact analysis, 'Environment manage-
ment, 'Wetlands, 'Fens, 'Mires, Aquatic ecosystems,
Environmental protection, Acid rain.
PB90-186214/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Conceptual Framework (or Assessing Cumulative
Impacts on the Hydrology of Nontldal Wetlands.
Journal article.
Geological Survey, Lakewood, CO.
T. C. Winter. C1988,18p EPA/600/J-88/495
Pub. in Environmental Management, v12 n5 p605-620
Sep 88. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
Wetlands occur in geologic and hydrologic settings
that enhance the accumulation or retention of water.
Regional slope, local relief, and permeability of the
land surface are major controls on the formation of
wetlands by surface-water sources. However, these
landscape features also have significant control over
groundwater flow systems, which commonly have a
role in the formation of wetlands. Because the hydro-
logic system is a continuum, any modification of one
component will have an effect on contiguous compo-
nents. Disturbances commonly affecting the hydrolog-
ic system as it relates to wetlands include weather
modification, alteration of plant communities, storage
of surlace water, road construction, drainage of sur-
face water and soil water, alteration of groundwater re-
charge and discharge areas, and pumping of ground-
water. Assessments of the cumulative effects of one
or combinations of these disturbances on the hydro-
logic system as related to wetlands must take into ac-
count the uncertainty in the measurements and in the
assumptions that are made in hydrologic studies. As
one example, it may be appropriate to assume that re-
gional groundwater flow systems are recharged in up-
lands and discharged in lowlands. However, a similar
assumption commonly does not apply on a local scale,
because of the spatial and temporal dynamics of
groundwater recharge. Lack of appreciation of such
nydrologic factors can lead to misunderstanding of the
hydrologic function of wetlands within various parts of
the landscape and mismanagement of wetland eco-
systems. (Copyright (c) 1988 Springer-Verlag New
York Inc.)
Keywords: 'Hydrology, Ground water, Surface water,
Landforms, Water flow, Landscaping, Geomorphology,
Subsurface drainage, Water storage, Soil water,
Ground water recharge, Discharges, Surface drainage,
Reprints, 'Wetlands, 'Environment management,
Ecosystems, Water runoff.
PB90-186222/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Cumulative Impacts on Wetlands: Linking Scientif-
ic Assessments and Regulatory Alternatives. Jour-
nal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
L. C. Lee, and J. G. Gosselink. c1988,14p EPA/600/J-
88/494
Pub. in Environmental Management, V12 n5 p591-602
Sep 88. Prepared in cooperation with Georgia State
Univ., Atlanta, and Louisiana State Univ., Baton
Rouge. Center for Wetland Resources.
The article is an extension and application of Preston
and Bedford (1988), especially as relevant to bottom-
land hardwood (BLH) forests of the southeastern
United States. The most important cumulative effects
in BLH forests result from incremental forest loss (nib-
bing) and from synergisms resulting from nibbing.
Present regulatory procedures are ineffective in pre-
venting incremental forest loss because of the focus
on permit site evaluation, rather than on large land-
scapes. Three examples are given to illustrate the
need for a landscape focus. The perspective requires
preplanning or goal setting to establish the desired
conditions to be maintained in the regulated landscape
unit. Reference data sets must be developed, relating
BLH function to structure. The data sets can be used
to set goals for individual watersheds, based on their
present conditions and the magnitude and type of per-
ceived development pressures. The crucial steps in
establishing a successful program appear to be: estab-
lish study unit boundaries; assess the condition of
study unit landscape integrity; set goals; and consider
the impacts of permit proposals with both goals and
the existing condition of the study unit landscape in
mind.
Keywords: "Topography, 'Hardwoods, "Forestry, Ter-
rain, Estimating, Regulations, Reprints, "Wetlands,
"Environmental impacts, "Southeast RegionfUnited
States), Natural resources management, Ecosystems.
PB90-186230/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
General Concepts for Measuring Cumulative Im-
pacts on Wetland Ecosystems. Journal article.
New Mexico Univ., Albuquerque.
P. G. Risser. C1988,7p EPA/600/J-88/493
Pub. in Environmental Management, v12 n5 p565-589
Sep 88. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
Because environmental impacts accumulate over
space and time, their analysis is difficult, necessitating
the incorporation of the most recent scientifically de-
fensible information and methods into the process. A
cumulative impact matrix is proposed that sets up ad-
ditive, synergistic, and indirect categories, each capa-
ble of variation in space and time. Every interaction
would be carefully examined to decide the likelihood of
cumulative impact in any of the six categories. Be-
cause of its 'magnifying glass' approach, such a matrix
could be a very useful analytical tool, using existing
methods to uncover all the information presently avail-
able about the behavior of the ecosystem. (Copyright
(c) 1988 Springer-Verlag.)
Keywords: Matrix methods, Measuring, Reprints,
"Wetlands, "Ecosystems, "Environmental impacts,
Natural resources management.
PB90-186248/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evaluating Cumulative Effects on Wetland Func-
tions: A Conceptual Overview and Generic Frame-
work. Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
E. M. Preston, and B. L. Bedford. C1988,21 p EPA/
600/J-88/492
Pub. in Environmental Management, v12 n5 p565-583
Sep 88. Prepared in cooperation with Cornell Univ.,
Ithaca, NY.
The paper attempts to lay the foundation tor a re-
search program to quantify the cumulative effects of
perturbations on the functioning of interacting systems
of wetlands. Conceptual and methodological issues
that must be faced in developing a scientific appraisal
are discussed. More specifically, the authors will:
define the concepts in terms that permit scientific in-
vestigation; separate the scientific component from
other aspects of the assessment process; present the
critical scientific issues; and set up a hypothetical and
generic structure for carrying out the appraisal. (Copy-
right (c) 1988 Springer-Verlag.)
Keywords: "Research management, Project planning,
Research programs, Estimating, Methodology, Re-
prints, "Wetlands, "Environmental impacts, Ecosys-
tems.
PB90-186255/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Cumulative and Reversible Effects of Lifetime
Smoking on Simple Tests of Lung Function In
Adults. Journal article.
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
D. W. Dockery, F. E. Speizer, B. G. Ferris, J. H. Ware,
and T. A. Louis. C1988,9p EPA/600/J-88/490
Grant EPA-R-811650
Pub. in American Review of Respiratory Diseases,
v137 p286-292 Feb 88. Sponsored by Health Effects
Research Lab., Research triangle Park, NC.
Data from a random sample of 8191 men and women
from six U.S. cities are used to fit a model describing
the effects of cumulative and current cigarette smok-
ing on pulmonary function. The data show that smok-
ers suffer an irreversible loss of FVC and FEV(1) which
is described by a linear function of their cumulative cig-
arette smoking, for example, as measured in pack-
years. For a typical male 173 cm tall, the estimated
loss of FEV(1) is 7.5 ml for each pack-year smoked.
For a typical woman, 161 cm tall, the estimated effect
is 4.5 ml per pack/per year. Current cigarette smoking
adds an acute deficit over and above the cumulative
effect of lifetime smoking. For any lifetime pack-years.
ex-smokers have higher levels of FEV(1), 127 ml for a
typical man, 106 ml for a typical woman, than current
smokers of a pack per day (p < .001). A man who
starts smoking one pack of cigarettes per day at age
25 yr would at age 60 yr, after 35 pack-years of expo-
sure, have expected FEV(1) equal to that of a man
aged 69 yr who had never smoked. The model esti-
mates how much lung function is irreversibly lost by
smoking, estimates how much could be regained with
cessation of smoking, and predicts the future loss of
lung function in both cases.
Keywords: "Respiratory diseases,. "Luna "Smoking,
Lifetime, Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data), Toxicity, Re-
prints, "Biological effects, "Lung volume measure-
ments.
PBS0- 186263/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Flow Cytometric Analysis of the Cellular Toxicity
of Trlbutyltln. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. M. Zucker, K. H. Elstein, R. E. Easterling, and E. J.
Massaro. C1988,20p EPA/800/J-88/489
Pub. in Toxicology Letters, v43 p201-218 Sep 88. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Northrop Services, lnc./En-
vironmental Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Flow cytometric and light/fluorescence microscopic
analyses indicate that tributylin (TBT) alters the
plasma membrane/cytoplasm complex ol the murine
erythroleukemic cell (MELC) in a dose-dependent and
time-dependent manner. The flow cytometric parame-
ter axial light loss, a measure of cell volume, decrease
cell exposed to 5 mu M TBT relative to control ceils or
cells exposed to 50 mu M TBT. The flow cytometric pa-
rameter 90 degree light scatter, a function of retractive
index and a measure of protein content, increases as a
function of TBT concentration above 0.5 mu M. Fol-
lowing exposure to TBT concentrations greater than
0.5 mu M but less than 50 mu M, DNA distribution
across the cell cycle cannot be resolved adequately by
flow cytometry. Also, the cells become resistant to so-
lubilization of the cell membrane/cytopiaam complex
by nonionic detergents.
Keywords: "Toxicity, Deoxyribonucleic acids, Cyto-
plasm, Proteins, Cells(Biology), Light scattering. Re.
prints, "Tributylin, "Flow cytometry, Fluorescence mi-
croscopy, Dose-response relationships.
PB90-186305/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab.. Ada.
OK.
Denltrlflcatlon in Nonhomogeneous Laboratory
Scale Aquifers. 1. Preliminary Model for Transport
and Fate of a Single Compound.
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Soil Science.
F. T. Lindstrom, and L. Boersma. Mar 90,98p EPA/
600/2-90/009
Grant EPA-R-814502
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
A two-dimensional mathematical model for simulating
the transport and fate of organic chemicals in a labora-
tory scale, single layer aquifer is presented. The aqui-
fer can be nonhomogeneous and anisotropic with re-
spect to its fluid flow properties. The physical model
has open inlet and outlet ends and is bounded by Im-
permeable walls on all sides. Fully penetrating injec-
tion and/or extraction wells can be placed anywhere in
the flow field. The inlet and outlet boundaries have
user prescribed hydraulic pressure fields. The steady
state hydraulic pressure field is obtained first by using
the two-dimensional Darcy flow law and the continuity
equation. The chemical transport and fate equation is
then solved in terms of user stipulated initial and
boundary conditions. The model accounts for the
major physical processes of storage, dispersion, and
advection, and also can account for linear equilibrium
sorption, three first-order loss processes, including mi-
crobial degradation, irreversible sorption and/or disso-
lution into the organic phase, metabolism in the sorbed
state, and first order loss in the sorbed state.
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Aquifers, 'Math-
ematical models, "Ground water, "Organic com-
pounds, Laboratory equipment. Experimental desion
Fluid flow. Hydraulic gradients. Denltrification, 8oun3al
ry layer flow, Comparison, Injection wells. Kinetics.
"Sourcereduction, 'Environmental transport, "Pathof
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
pollutants, Mass balance, Two-dimensional calcula-
tions, Physical chemical treatment.
PB90-186313/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Estimation of Emissions from Charcoal Lighter
Fluid and Review of Alternatives. Final rept.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC. Progress
Center.
D. L. Campbell, and M. B. Stockton. Jan 90,40p DCN-
89-239-004-80-09, EPA/600/2-90/003
Contract EPA-68-02-4286
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of an evaluation of emissions
Of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from charcoal
lighter fluid, a consumer product consisting entirely of
volatile constituents. An estimated 46,250 tons
(42,000 Mg) of charcoal lighter fluid is used in the U.S.
each year. VOCs contribute to the formation of ozone;
therefore, the ozone nonattainment issue has focused
attention on VOCs emitted from many sources. VOCs
are emitted when charcoal lighter fluid is used, but
these emissions are difficult to quantify. Evaporative
VOC losses occur from the lighter fluid prior to ignition,
and combustion VOC losses occur from burning light-
er-fluid-soaked charcoal briquettes. The study evalu-
ates tests conducted to date on charcoal lighter fluid
emissions. The information is most complete for evap-
orative VOC losses. The estimates vary greatly, how-
ever, based on the length of time between application
of the lighter fluid and ignition. The limited tests con-
ducted to date have not distinguished lighter fluid from
charcoal briquette combustion emissions.
Keywords: 'Combustion products, 'Naphthas, 'Air
pollution control, 'Air pollution abatement, Substitutes,
Reviews, Charcoal, Evaporation, Grilles,
Concentratlon(Composition), Ignition, Ozone, Petrole-
um products, 'Fugitive emissions, 'Volatile organic
compounds, 'Lighter fluid, 'Air pollution sampling,
Source reduction, US EPA, Air quality, Consumer prod-
ucts.
PB90-186321/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Preliminary Study to Evaluate the Use of the
Neurobehavloral Evaluation System (NES) In Chil-
dren In Preparation for NHANES III. Report 1.
Project rept. Jun-Dec 87.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
P. A. Ornsteln, E. Arcia, and D. Otto. Mar 90,32p EPA/
600/1-90/003
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ.,
Chapel Hill.
The study evaluated the feasibility of using five Neuro-
behavioral Evaluation System tests with children in the
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
EANES III). Results indicated that three tests
iple Reaction Time, Symbol-Digit Substitution and
tinuous Performance Test) could be administered
effectively to children in the second grade and above.
Two tests-Digit Span and Serial Digit Learning-were
not found to be suitable for use with children in
NHANES III.
Keywords: 'Tests, 'Neurology, 'Children, Nervous
system disorders, Performance tests, Performance
evaluation, Validity, 'Neurologic examination, Toxic
substances, National Health and Nutrition Examination
Survey, Protocols.
PB90-180339/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Operations and Research at the U.S. EPA Inciner-
ation Research Facility: Annual Report for FY85.
Acurex Corp., Jefferson, AR.
L R. Waterland. Mar 90,73p EPA/600/9-90/012
Contract EPA-68-03-3267
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The Environmental Protection Agency's Incineration
Research Facility in Jefferson, Arkansas, is an experi-
mental facility which houses two pilot-scale inciner-
ators and the associated waste handling emission
control, process control, and safety equipment, as well
as onslte laboratory facilities. During Fiscal Year 1989,
a major facility expansion and reconfiguration con-
struction effort was completed. Upon completion of
the construction, incineration testing at the Facility was
resumed. Hazardous waste incinerator trace metal
emission regulation development for the Office of
Solid Waste and a Superfund site remediation treat-
ability study for Region I and the Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response were major program support
activities in Fiscal Year 1989.
Keywords: 'Research projects, 'Test chambers,
'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Air pollution
control equipment, 'Soils, Incinerators, Performance
evaluation, Scrubbers, Design criteria, Particle size dis-
tribution,	Kilns,	Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), 'US EPA, 'Incineration,
'Air pollution sampling, Superfund program, Land pol-
lution.
PB90-186347/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Use of Models for Granting Variances from Man-
datory Disinfection of Ground Water Used as s
Public Water Supply. Rept. for Jun 89-Dec 89.
California Univ., Riverside. Dept. of Soil and Environ-
mental Sciences.
M. V. Yates. 1989,18p EPA/600/2-90/010
Contract DW12933820
Prepared in cooperation with Agricultural Research
Service, Riverside, CA. Salinity Lab. Sponsored by
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
In November 1985, a Maximum Contaminant Level
Goal of zero viruses in drinking water was published.
By 1991, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Drinking Water expects to promulgate regula-
tions requiring that all ground water used for potable
purposes be disinfected prior to distribution instead of
requiring monitoring for viruses. The document dis-
cusses the possibility of using a virus transport model
for granting variances from this requirement. The cur-
rent state of knowledge in the area of virus transport is
reviewed, and the information needed to model virus
transport is critically examined. Two different ap-
proaches to modeling virus transport are described, in-
cluding data requirements, model outputs, and limita-
tions of the model. Finally, several areas in which re-
search needs to be performed in order to use models
of virus transport for granting variances from the disin-
fection requirement are presented.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Ground water,
'Water treatment, 'Disinfection, 'Viruses, Potable
water, Water supply, Reviews, Performance evalua-
tion, 'Environmental transport, 'Path of pollutants,
Pollution regulations.
PB90-186354/HSU	PC A14/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Evaluation of the Wake Effects on Plume Disper-
sion Using Video Imags Analysis.
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. Dept. of Electri-
cal and Computer Engineering.
S. A. Rajala, and D. S. Trotter. Mar 90,303p EPA/600/
3-90/027
Grant EPA-R-813368
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
Video images of smoke flow in the wake of a model
building which were collected in previous wind tunnel
studies conducted by EPA at its Fluid Modeling Facility
were further analyzed. Three distinct research projects
were conducted. The first project evaluated existing
image analysis/processing techniques to determine
the contents of the data, develop a scheme for sepa-
rating the smoke from the background, and ultimately
determine the potential for analyzing the motion char-
acteristics of the smoke flow. The second project used
the theory of fractals to extract information from the
smoke images. Results from these two projects identi-
fied a number of difficulties in trying to characterize
smoke images. In the third project, a new technique for
video imaging using laser sheet lighting was devel-
oped and tested. The resulting smoke images were
observed to be more distinct and the noise levels were
lower.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric diffusion, 'Dispersions,
'Plumes, 'Wakes, Air pollution. Buildings, Mathemati-
cal models, Smoke, Lasers, Flow, Signal to noise ratio,
Graphs(Charts), 'Image processing, 'Video data.
Fractals.
PB90-186362/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Flow and Dispersion of Pollutants within Two-DI-
menslonal Valleys: Summary Report on Joint
Soviet-American Study.
Main Geophysical Observatory, Leningrad (USSR).
L. H. Khurshudyan, W. H. Snyder, I. V. Nekrasov, R. E.
Lawson, and R. S. Thompson. Dec 89,93p EPA/600/
3-90/025
Prepared in cooperation with Moscow State Univ.
(USSR). Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Re-
search and Exposure Assessment Lab.
Wind-tunnel experiments and a theoretical model con-
cerning the flow structure and pollutant diffusion over
two-dimensional valleys of varying aspect ratio are de-
scribed and compared. Three model valleys were
used, having small, medium, and steep slopes. Meas-
urements of mean and turbulent velocity fields were
made upstream, within, and downwind of each of
these valleys. Concentration distributions were meas-
ured downwind of tracer sources placed at an array of
locations within each of the valleys. The data are dis-
played as maps of terrain amplification factors, defined
as the ratios of maximum ground-level concentrations
in the presence of the valleys to the maxima observed
from sources of the same height located in flat terrain.
Maps are also provided showing the distance to loca-
tions of the maximum ground-level* concentrations.
The concentration patterns are interpreted in terms of
the detailed flow structure measured in the valleys.
These data were also compared with results of a math-
ematical model for treating flow and dispersion over
two-dimensional complex terrain. The model used the
wind-tunnel measurements to generate mean flow
fields and eddy diffusivities, and these were applied in
the numerical solution of the diffusion equation. Meas-
ured concentration fields were predicted reasonably
well by the model for the valley of small slope and
somewhat less well for the valley of medium slope. Be-
cause flow separation was observed within the steep-
est valley, the model was not applied in this case.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric diffusion, 'Mathematical
models, 'Valleys, 'Wind tunnels, "Air flow, Test facili-
ties, Concentration(Composition), Terrain, Boundary
layers, Experimental design, Comparison, Sources,
'Environmental transport, 'Air pollution sampling,
Two-dimensional calculations, Tracer studies.
PB90-18S370/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas.
NV.
Remote Sensing of Hydrocarbons and Toxic Pol-
lutants: Workshop Minutes. Held In Las Vegas,
Nevada on April 6-7,1989.
Nevada Univ., Las Vegas. Environmental Research
Center.
F. F. Hall. Mar 90,71 p EPA/600/9-90/009
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
A number of remote sensing techniques are now avail-
able for monitoring hydrocarbons and toxic airborne
pollutants. Filter and dispersive spectroradiometers
(line integral in ppb range; cost about $35K) with re-
stricted versatility are sold commercially. The more
versatile FTIR's (line integral in ppb range; cost $50-
100K) and DIAL'S (range-resolve in ppm range; cost
S100-200K) are now becoming commercially avail-
able. Automatic, unattended field operation has been
successfully demonstrated for several types of such
adaptable remote sensing systems. FTIR's and DIAL'S
complement each other in identifying a pollutant's
presence and its spatial extent; there Is potential for
improving their performance by a factor of ten or more
in the next ten years. Much of the promise for FTIR's
lies in their reliance on computer software and hard-
ware to perform the frequency analyses and to access
the stored libraries of reference spectra. If avalanche
photodiodes for the thermal infrared can be made fea-
sible for field work, there is a potential for an additional
order of magnitude or more of performance improve-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ment. Rapid line-tuning will be easier as the develop-
ment of optical modulators lor the infrared progresses.
Keywords: 'Meetings, *Air pollution, 'Remote sens-
ing, 'Hydrocarbons, Comparison, Monitoring, 'Toxic
substances, Airborne detection.
PB90-186388/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
Stauffer Chemical/Cold Creek, AL. (First Remedial
Action), September 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
27 Sep 89,67p EPA/ROD/R04-89/057
See also PB90-186487.
The Stauffer Chemical Cold Creek Site is in Bucks,
Mobile County, Alabama, approximately 20 miles north
of Mobile, Alabama. The area is predominantly indus-
trial, with a few small rural residential communities
within a few miles of the site. The Mobile River borders
the site to the east. The Cold Creek plant began oper-
ating in 1966 under the ownership of the Stauffer
Chemical Company and is currently owned and operat-
ed by ICI Americas, Inc. Until 1974, an unknown
amount of sludges and solid wastes containing a varie-
ty of herbicides and pesticides were placed in two
waste disposal sites, referred to as the Cold Creek
North and South Landfills. Under a consent agreement
with EPA, Stauffer completed a remedial investigation
in May 1988, which identified contamination of the
soils, pond sludges, swamp sediments, and ground
water. Although there are four media of concern at the
Stauffer Site, this remedial action addresses the con-
taminated ground water, because ground water is the
source for drinking water for the area. Additional
Records of Decision are planned for the source control
operable units and the Cold Creek Swamp. The pri-
mary contaminants of concern affecting the ground
water are VOCs including carcinogenic compounds
such as carbon tetrachloride, and other organic com-
pounds including pesticides. The selected remedial
action for the ground water operable unit at this site is
included a modified ground water intercept and treat-
ment system with surface water discharge.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Site surveys, "In-
dustrial wastes, 'Waste disposal, Chemical industry,
Ground water, Water pollution, Pesticides, Organic
compounds, Cold Creek, Sediments, Cost analysis,
Earth fills, Potable water, Public health, "Superlund,
'Remedial action, 'Bucks(Alabama), Land pollution
control, Volatile organic compounds, Environmental
transport.
PB90-18B396/HSU	PC A12/MF A02
User's Quids to Contract Laboratory Program.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Dec 88,255p EPA/540/8-89/012
Describes an organic and inorganic analytical program
and outlines CLP protocols implemented into CLP
analysis contracts in 1987 (inorganic) and 1988 (or-
ganic). Contains critical information for CLP samplers
and user groups of EPA and of the States.
Keywords: 'Guides(lnstructions), 'Laboratories, 'Con-
tract administration, Forms(Paper), Selection, Quality
control, Performance evaluation, Starting, Sampling,
Criteria, 'Superfund program, 'Contract Laboratory
Program, Protocols, US EPA.
PB90-186404/HSU	PC A03/MFA01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4V
Clba-Geloy (Mcintosh Plant) AL (First Remedial
Action), September 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
28 Sep 89,37p EPA/ROD/R04-89/058
The 1,500-acre Ciba-Geigy (Mcintosh Plant) site is in
southern Washington County, northeast of Mcintosh,
Alabama. The plant's initial operations, which began in
1952, were devoted solely to the manufacture of DDT.
In 1970, the facility expanded its manufacturing oper-
ations to include herbicides, insecticides, and chelat-
ing and sequestering agents. Other products produced
by Ciba-Geigy include resins and additives used in the
plastics industry. Wastes and residues generated
during production operations were managed onsite. In
1985, EPA issued Ciba-Geigy a RCRA Part B permit
for active waste management units onsite. The permit
included a corrective action plan requiring Ciba-Geigy
to remove and treat contaminated ground water and
surface water at the site. In 1987, as part of this plan,
Ciba-Geigy installed a ground water pumping and
treatment system which has been effective in address-
ing the ground water contamination. The primary con-
taminants of concern affecting the ground water are
VOCs including benzene and toluene; other organics
including pesticides; and metals including arsenic.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Waste disposal, 'Site
surveys, 'Hazardous materials, Public health, Water
pollution, Cost analysis, Pesticides, 'Superfund pro-
gram, 'Remedial actions, Heavy metals, Liquid waste
disposal, Washington County(Alabama), Volatile or-
ganic compounds.
PB90-186412/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Relationship between Children's Performance on
Selected Tests of the Neurobahavloral Evaluation
System (NES) and Performance In School. Report
2. Rept. for 1988-89.
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
E. Arcia, P. A. Ornstein, and D. Otto. Mar 90,97p EPA/
600/1-90/002
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill. Dept. of Psychology.
A study was conducted to evaluate the validity of the
Neurobehavioral Evaluation System (NES) test scores
in children relative to two widely used measures of per-
formance in school-teacher ratings of classroom at-
tention and the California Achievement Test (CAT).
The utility of NES test scores in predicting classroom
performance was assessed. The utility of several alter-
native measures derived from NES tests and the asso-
ciation of NES performance measures with important
covariates including socioeconomic status (SES), age
and gender were also evaluated. The results indicated
that variability measures of performance are useful ad-
juncts to traditional NES measures. Between 25 and
50 percent of the variability of reading and mathemat-
ics achievement scores on the CAT could be predicted
using NES test scores and teacher ratings. Somewhat
better predictions were obtained using SES scores.
NES scores are highly correlated with SES in children.
SES is clearly an important covariate to consider in
future NES studies of children and adults. Predictable
age-related changes in test performance were also ob-
served.
Keywords: 'Tests, 'Neurology, "Children, Forecast-
ing, Nervous system disorders, Performance tests,
Performance evaluation, Validity, Achievement tests,
"Neurologic examination, Toxic substances.
PB90-186420/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Geostatistics for Waste Management: A User's
Manual for the QEOPACK (Version 1.0) Geostatis-
tlcal Software System. Final rept. Sep 87-Aug 89.
Agricultural Research Service, Riverside, CA. Salinity
Lab.
S. R. Yates, and M. V. Yates. Jan 90,79p EPA/600/8-
90/004
Prepared in cooperation with California Univ., River-
side. Dept. of Soil and Environmental Sciences. Spon-
sored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab.,
Ada, OK.
A comprehensive, user-friendly geostatistical software
system called GEOPACK has been developed. The
purpose of the software is to make available the pro-
grams necessary to undertake a geostatistical analysis
of spatially correlated data. The programs were written
so that they can be used by scientists, engineers or
regulators with little experience in geostatistical tech-
niques and still satisfy the requirements of more ad-
vanced users. Using these programs and spending a
little time becoming familiar with geostatistics, end-
users should be able to include these techniques in
their work and research environments.
Keywords: 'Waste management, 'Geostatistics,
'User manuals(Computer programs), Geostatistical
analysis, Data analysis. Computer applications.
PB90-186438/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Neurotoxic Effects of Controlled Exposure to a
Complex Mixture of Volatile Organic Compounds.
Final rept.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park NC
D. A. Otto, L. Molhave, H. K. Hudnell, G. Goldstein, and
J. O'Neil. Mar 90,105p EPA/600/1-90/001
Prepared in cooperation with Aarhus Univ. (Denmark),
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.,
and CE Environmental, Inc., Chapel Hill, NC.
Subjective reactions of discomfort, impaired air quality,
irritation of mucosal membranes, and impaired
memory have been reported in chemically sensitive
subjects during exposure to volatile organic com-
pounds (VOCs) found in new buildings. 66 normal
healthy male subjects aged 18-39 were exposed for
2.75 hrs to a complex VOC mixture at O and 25 mg/cu
m. Each subject completed control and exposure ses-
sions at one week intervals in counterbalanced order.
Measurements included comfort ratings of eye, nose
and throat irritation, symptom questionnaire and com-
puterized behavioral tests. Subjects found the odor of
VOCs unpleasant and strong and reported that VOC
exposure degraded air quality, increased headache
and produced general discomfort. VOC exposure did
not affect performance on any behavioral tests. Re-
sults indicate that subjective reactions to VOCs are not
limited to chemically sensitive individuals since the
study population is a subgroup that is probably least
likely to be affected by chemical exposure.
Keywords; "Toxicology, Exposure, Eye(Anatomy),
Nose(Anatomy), Pharynx, Sensitivity, Buildings,
Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data), "Volatile organic com-
pounds, 'Biological effects, 'Indoor air pollution.
PB90-188453/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region •):
Purity Oil Sales, CA. (First Remedial Action), S*p-
tsmber 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
26 Sep 89,63p EPA/ROD/R09-89/040
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The seven-acre Purity Oil Sales site is in Fresno
County, California, one-half mile south of the Fresno
city limits. The Purity site operated as a used oil recy-
cling facility from 1934 to the early 1970s. In 1976 a
fire destroyed the main warehouse building. Equip-
ment remaining, with the exception of seven steel
above-ground storage tanks, was removed from the
site, and the area was partially regraded. One of the re-
maining storage tanks is lined with asbestos. Waste
pits filled with soil, debris, and rubble, cover most of
the site. The State conducted a remedial investigation
in 1982 during which time the EPA Emergency Re-
sponse Team removed 1,800 cubic yards of hazard-
ous oily and tarry materials from the site. The first of
two planned operable units addresses the cleanup of
the ground water and the removal and offsite disposal
of storage tanks and tank contents. A future Record of
Decision will address contaminated soil. The primary
contaminants of concern affecting ground water are
VOCs including benzene and TCE; and metals. Con-
taminants of concern in the tank sludge are VOCs in-
cluding benzene, toluene and xylenes; other organics
including PCBs, PAHs, pesticides, and phenols; and
metals including lead.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, "Site surveys, Lead(Metal), Public health.
Water pollution, Cost analysis, Aromatic polycyclic hy-
drocarbons, Pesticides, Phenols, "Superfund program
"Remedial actions, Volatile organic compounds!
Fresno County(CaVrfomia). Polychlorobiphenyl com-
pounds.
PB90-186461/HSU	PC A03/MF AOI
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region Ste
Electric Mschineiy Site, Waite Park Wells. MM*
(First Remedlsl Action), September 1989. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89,47p EPA-ROD/R05-89/115
The 45-acre Waite Park Wells site Is in Waite Park.
Stearns County, Minnesota, 1,500 feet east of the
Sauk River. Waite Park municipal wells No. 1 and No 3
serviced the city until December, 1984 when routine
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sampling detected organic contamination in the
ground water. The contaminated plume extends east-
southeast from the Electric Machinery Manufacturing
Company to the wells which are situated in the north-
east corner of the Burlington Northern Superfund site.
In January 1985 the State issued a health advisory to
residents to discontinue using municipal water for
drinking and cooking. A water hook up with St. Cloud,
Minnesota was completed in February 1985 to provide
the 3,500 Waite Park residents with an alternate water
supply. In February 1988, the five responsible parties
at the site funded a municipal water treatment system
and wells No. 1 and No. 3 were returned to service.
Remedial investigations did not identify any significant
soil contamination at the site in the vicinity of the Elec-
tric Machinery Company; however, ground water con-
tamination was identified in the shallow aquifer and, to
a lesser extent, in the deep aquifer. The primary con-
taminants of concern in the ground water are VOCs in-
cluding PCE and TCE.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Site surveys, 'In-
dustrial wastes, Water pollution, Public health, Cost
analysis, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial actions,
Waite Park(Minnesota), Volatile organic compounds.
PB90-186479/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
Sheridan Disposal Service* Site, Waller County,
Texas (Second Remedial Action), September
1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
27 Sep 89,93p EPA/ROD/R06-89/051
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The 110-acre Sheridan Disposal Services site is ap-
proximately 9 miles northwest of the city of Hempstead
in Waller County, Texas. The site is located on the
100-year floodplain of the Brazos River and is bor-
dered by a lake to the south, farmland, and a communi-
ty of 20 residences to the north. The Evangeline aqui-
fer, which runs under the site, is used to meet the
drinking water needs of several communities nearby.
Sheridan Disposal Services operated as a commercial
waste disposal facility from about 1958 to 1984 using
steam distillation, open burning, incineration, and
direct disposal into a waste lagoon to dispose of vari-
ous organic and inorganic chemical and solid wastes.
The primary contaminants of concern affecting the soil
and sludge are VOCs including benzene and toluene,
and other organics including PCBs. The selected re-
medial action for the site Includes excavation of all ma-
terial with PCB concentrations greater than 25 mg/kg
Including 13,000 yd3 of pond and dike soil, 31,000 yd3
of pond sludge, and 300 yd3 of floating oil and emul-
sion in the pond and storage tanks.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste
disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Industrial
wastes, Facilities, Distillation, Incinerators,
Lagoons(Ponds), Soils, Excavation, Waste treatment,
Benzene, Toluene, Solids, Chlorine organic com-
pounds, Sludge, Oils, 'Superfund, Record of Decision,
Second Remedial Action-Final, 'Waller
County(Texas), Hempstead(Texas), Volatile organic
compounds.
PB90-186487/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
Stauffer Chemlcal/LeMoyne, AL. (First Remedial
Action), September 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
27 Sep 89,67p EPA/ROD/R04-89/053
See also PB90-186388.
The Stauffer Chemical LeMoyne Site is in Axis, Mobile
County, Alabama, approximately 20 miles north of
Mobile, Alabama. The area is predominantly industrial,
with a few small rural residential communities within a
few miles of the site. The Mobile River borders the site
to the east. The LeMoyne facility was previously
owned by the Stauffer Chemical Company, which
began operations in 1953. Now the RCRA-permitted
facility is currently owned and operated by Akzo
Chemicals, Inc., which purchased the facility in 1987.
Multi-product organic and inorganic chemicals are
manufactured at the facility. From 1965 to 1974, under
the operation of Stauffer, waste from the plant was
placed in an unlined landfill located approximately one
mile east of the main plant. The waste Included 11,000
to 12,000 tons of brine muds in addition to plant refuse,
used samples, and absorption oil. The landfill was
closed in 1975 with an impermeable membrane cap
and side-wall liner. Wastewaters from the processes
were held in ponds, some of which discharged to the
Cold Creek Swamp. All of the ponds except one are
clay lined and have been closed under the direction of
the State. New membrane-lined ponds were installed
during the 1970s to replace the closed ponds.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, 'Earth fills, Ground
water, Water pollution, Tables(Data), 'Superfund pro-
gram, *EPA region, 'Environmental research, 'Reme-
dial actions, volatile organic compounds, Mobile
County(Alabama).
PB90-186495/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Technology Evaluation Report SITE Program. CF
Systems Organic* Extraction System, New Bed-
ford, Massachusetts. Volume 1. Final rept.
Science Applications International Corp., McLean, VA.
R. Valentinetti. Jan 90,106p EPA/540/5-90/002
Contract EPA-68-03-3485
See also Volume 2, PB90-186503. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Re-
duction Engineering Lab.
The report summarizes the results of a Superfund In-
novative Technology Evaluation (SITE) demonstration
of the CF Systems critical fluid organics extraction
system at the New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts
Superfund site. The technology depends on the ability
of organic pollutants to solubilize in the process sol-
vent, a liquefied gas. The pollutants treated include
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polynuclear aro-
matic hydrocarbons. The report examines the perform-
ance of the process in terms of PCB extraction effi-
ciency, variation in process operating conditions, po-
tential health and safety impacts, equipment and han-
dling problems, and projected system economics.
Volume I covers process design, field activities, sam-
pling and analytical program, and results and discus-
sion.
Keywords: 'Solvent extraction, 'Waste disposal,
'Sediments, 'Water pollution control, 'Hazardous ma-
terials, 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Perform-
ance evaluation, Industrial hygiene, Public health, Har-
bors, Design criteria. Substitutes, Economic analysis,
Solubility, ^Superfund Innovative Technology Evalua-
tion, 'Technology utilization, 'Marine disposal,
'Cleanup operations, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls,
Sediment-water interfaces, Mass balance, New
Bedford(Massachusetts), Occupational safety and
health.
PB90-186503/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Technology Evaluation Report SITE Program. CF
Systems Organics Extraction System, New Bed-
ford, Massachusetts. Volume 2. Final rept
Science Applications International Corp., McLean, VA.
R. Valentinetti. Jan 90,173p EPA/540/5-90/002
Contract EPA-68-03-3485
See also Volume 1, PB90-186495. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Re-
duction Engineering Lab.
The report summarizes the results of a Superfund In-
novative Technology Evaluation (SITE) demonstration
of the CF Systems critical fluid organics extraction
system at the New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts
Superfund site. The technology depends on the ability
of organic pollutants to solubilize in the process sol-
vent a liquefied gas. The pollutants treated include
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polynuclear aro-
matic hydrocarbons. The report examines the perform-
ance of the process in terms of PCB extraction effi-
ciency, variation in process operating conditions, po-
tential health and safety impacts, equipment and han-
dling problems, and projected system economics.
Volume II contains sampling and analytical reports and
operating log data.
Keywords: 'Solvent extraction, 'Waste disposal,
'Sediments, 'Water pollution control, 'Hazardous ma-
terials, 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, 'Chemical
analysis, Concentration(Composition), Performance
evaluation, Industrial hygiene, Mass spectroscopy,
Gas chromatography, Tables(Data), Sampling, Public
health, Harbors, Design criteria, Economic analysis.
Solubility, 'Pollution monitoring, 'Superfund Innova-
tive Technology Evaluation, 'Technology Utilization,
'Marine disposal, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls, Cleanup
operations, Sediment-water interfaces, Mass balance,
New Bedford(Massachusetts), Occupational safety
and health.
PB90-1869O9/HSU	PC A99/MF E09
Proceedings of the 1989 EPA/A and WMA Interna-
tional Symposium: Measurement of Toxic and Re-
lated Air Pollutants. Held In Research Triangle
Park, North Carolina on May 1-5,1989. Symposium
paper.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lsb
S. Hochheiser, and R. K. M. Jayanty. May 89,1012p
EPA/600/9-89/060
A joint conference for the fourth straight year, cospon-
sored by the Air and Waste Management Association
and the Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assess-
ment Laboratory for the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency was held in Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina on May 1-5, 1989. The technical program
consisted of 145 presentations, held in 14 separate
sessions, on recent advances in the measurement and
monitoring of toxic and related pollutants found in am-
bient and source atmospheres. The volume contains
the papers presented and was arranged with the fol-
lowing primary objective: to provide a forum for the ex-
change of ideas on the recent advances for the ac-
ceptably reliable and accurate measurement and mon-
itoring of toxic and related air pollutants found in ambi-
ent and source atmospheres. The growing number of
responses to the symposium represents an encourag-
ing step in the enhancement of current measurement
and monitoring capabilities.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Toxicity, 'Air pollu-
tion, 'Meetings, Monitoring, Accuracy, Measurement,
Atmospheric composition, Sources, Urban areas, Gas
chromatography, Chemical analysis, Sampling, Acidity,
Sulfur dioxide, Benzene, Halohydrocarbons, Aerosols,
Smoke, Volatile organic compounds, Indoor air pollu-
tion, Acid precipitation.
PB90-186990/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
Municipal Waste Combustion Assessment Medi-
cal Waste Combustion Practices at Municipal
Waste Combustion Facilities. Final rept. Nov 88-Jun
89.
Energy and Environmental Research Corp., Durham,
NC.
V. J. Landrum, and R. G. Barton. Jul 89,43p EPA/600/
8-89/062
Contract EPA-68-03-3365
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Center for Environmental Research Infor-
mation.
The report defines and characterizes types of medical
waste, discusses the impacts of burning medical waste
on combustor emissions, and outlines important han-
dling and operating considerations. Facility-specific
design, handling, and operating practices are also dis-
cussed for municipal waste combustors (MWCs) that
reportedly accept medical waste in the U.S., Europe,
and Canada. Only very limited data are available on
the emission impacts associated with the combustion
of medical waste in MWCs. The EPA's Office of Air
duality Planning and Standards is developing emission
standards and guidelines for new and existing MWCs
under Sections 111 (b) and 111 (d) of the Clean Air Act
Keywords: 'Combustion, 'Air pollution, 'Waste dis-
?Dsai, 'Incinerators, Assessments, Municipalities,
oxicity, Tables(Data), Hazardous materials, Combus-
tion efficiency, 'Medical waste, Environmental im-
pacts.
P890-187006/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Storm and Combined Sewer Overflow: An Over-
view of EPA's Research Program. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
R. Field. Jan 90,59p EPA/600/8-89/054
The report represents an overview of the EPA's Storm
and Combined Sewer Pollution Control Research Pro-
gram performed over a 20-year period beginning with
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
the mid-1960s. It covers Program involvements in the
development of a diverse technology including pollu-
tion-problem assessment/solution methodology and
associated instrumentation and stormwater manage-
ment models, best management practices, erosion
control, infiltration/inflow control, control-treatment
technology and the associated sludge and solids re-
siduals handling, and many others. The report is a
handy reference for the user community faced with the
challenges and mandates to combat urban wet-weath-
er-induced water pollution. It comprises the gamut of
environmental engineering requirements from pollu-
tion problem assessment to management and control
planning and design.
Keywords: 'Research projects, "Storm sewers, 'Com-
bined sewers, 'Water pollution control, 'Water quality,
Discharges, Assessments, Management planning,
Erosion control, Water inflow, Urban areas, Microorga-
nisms, Sediments, Fluid infiltration, Waste disposal,
Forecasting, Design criteria, 'Environment manage-
ment, 'US EPA, "Storm water runoff, Land manage-
ment, Best technology. Technology utilization.
PB90-187014/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
ParK, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Technical Assistance Document for Sampling and
Analysis of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient
Air. Final rept.
ATC, Inc., Auburn, AL.
D. Bam. Feb 90,133p* EPA/600/8-90/005
Contract EPA-68-02-4556
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
The guidance document was originally issued in June
1983. Since then significant changes have occurred in
the regulations that cover volatile and semlvolatile or-
ganic air pollutants. There have also been significant
advances in the collection and analysis of organic
compounds and in the quality and availability of cali-
bration and OC samples for them. The present version
of the guidance document has been revised to reflect
these changes so that the new information can be
readily available to the monitoring community. Be-
cause the document covers regulatory issues, sam-
pling and analytical methods, monitoring plan develop-
ment and quality assurance it will be useful to both
governmental and industrial personnel concerned with
monitoring the ambient air for organic compounds. It
should be useful as an aid for planning and establish-
ing such air monitoring programs, but It should not be
used as the sole source for such a program.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Chemical analysis,
Guidelines, Quality control, Calibrating, Quality assur-
ance, Laboratory equipment, Physical properties,
Chemical properties, Chromatographic analysis, Mass
spectroscopy, Performance evaluation, "Air pollution
detection, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Toxic substances,
Environmental monitoring, Air pollution standards,
Volatile organic compounds, Pollution regulations.
Risk assessment.
PB90-187082/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy EngineeringResearch Lab.
Comparison of Measurement Techniques for
Quantifying Selected Organic Emissions from
Kerosene Space Heaters. Final rept. Jul 86-Mar 88.
Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA. Indoor Environment Pro-
gram.
G. W. Travnor, M. G. Apte, H. A. Sokol, and J. C.
Chuang. Feb 90,49p EPA/600/7-90/006
Contract DE-AC03-76SF00098
Prepared in cooperation with Battelie Columbus Labs.,
OH. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineer-
ing Research Lab., and Department of Energy, Wash-
ington, DC.
The report gives results of a comparison of the hood
and chamber techniques for quantifying pollutant
emission rates from unvented combustion appliances,
and an assessment of the aemivolatile and nonvolatile
	<—irrtm iimmnted kerosene
pliance to decrease as it would in residences. A well-
tuned radiant heater and a maltuned convective heater
were tested for semivolatile and nonvolatile organic
pollutant emissions. Each heater was operated in a 27
cu m chamber with a prescribed on/off pattern. Organ-
ic compounds were collected and analyzed. Pollutant
source strengths were calculated using a mass-bal-
ance equation. The results show that kerosene heat-
ers can emit polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs);
nitrated PAHs; alkyl benzenes; pentachlorphenol;
phthalates; hydronaphthalenes; aliphatic hydrocar-
bons, alcohols, and ketones; and other organic com-
pounds, some of which are known mutagens.
Keywords: 'Space heaters, "Kerosene, 'Organic
compounds, 'Combustion products, 'Gas analysis,
Test chambers, Comparison, Heating fuels, Gas chro-
matography, Mass spectroscopy, Tables(Data), As-
sessments, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Muta-
gens, Concentration(Composition), "Indoor air pollu-
tion, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Air pollution detection,
Mass balance, Environmental monitoring, Fume
hoods.
PB90-187030/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Electron Microscopic Examination of 'Giardla'
Cultures for Viruses.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
F. P. Williams. J an 90, 7p EPA/600/M-89/02S
Giardia lamblia is an important waterborne pathogen in
the United States. Laboratory cultures of G. lamblia
are maintained by United States Environmental Pro-
tection Agency (USEPA) researchers who conduct dis-
infection studies with this pathogen or who develop in-
creasingly effective methods to detect it in the environ-
ment. Some G. lamblia cultures maintained in other
laboratories have recently been shown to be infected
with a virus. Researchers are concerned that infected
cultures may react differently in laboratory studies. In
the study, electron microscopy was used to examine
USEPA cultures of G. lamblia for virus. Virus was dem-
onstrated in one of four G. lamblia strains examined by
this method. The infected strain will be used to deter-
mine the consequences of viral infection.
Keywords: "Electron microscopy, 'Viruses, Water pol-
lution, Infectious diseases, Cultures(Biology), Aquatic
microbiology, 'Giardia lamblia.
PB90-187046/HSU	PC A19/MF A03
Process Design Manual: Land Application of Mu-
nicipal Sludge. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
Oct 83, 438p EPA/625/1-83/016
The manual presents a rational procedure for the
design of municipal sludge land application systems.
The utilization of sludge in agriculture, forestry, the rec-
lamation of disturbed and marginal lands, and dedicat-
ed high rate surface disposal practices are discussed
in detail, with design concepts and criteria presented
where available. A two phased planning approach to
site identification, evaluation, and selection along with
information on field investigations are also presented.
The manual includes examples of each land applica-
tion option and case studies of sludge utilization in ag-
riculture and for reclamation of disturbed mining lands.
Keywords: 'Manuals, "Sludge disposal, 'Land use.
Agricultural engineering, Forest land, Earth fills, Land
reclamation, Mining, Maintenance, Operating, Man-
agement planning, Composts, Soil surveys, Fertilizers,
Design criteria, Land disposal, "Municipal wastes,
"Sewage sludge, "Land management, State of the art.
Publicly owned treatment works, Environmental moni-
toring, Water pollution sampling, Public opinion, Case
studies.
PB90-187055/HSU	PC A19/MF A03
Methodology for Assessing Health Risk* Associ-
ated with Indirect Exposure to Combuetor Emis-
sions. Interim rept. (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Jan 90,439p EPA/600/6-90/003
inhalation. The organization of the document reflects
the four-step process of risk assessment (hazard iden-
tification, dose-response assessment, exposure as-
sessment and risk characterization). The methodology
is not intended to be prescriptive; that is, it does not
comprise a set of guidelines or recommended ap-
proaches that the U.S. EPA believes should be applied
in all circumstances. Rather, it provides a set of proce-
dures that the risk assessor can draw upon, where ap-
plicable. to a given assessment. The document de-
scribes analytical procedures and computer models
that can be used to estimate exposure and risk by a
variety of environmental pathways. In addition, It
serves as a preliminary source of data for carrying out
the risk calculations. The degree of scientific support
or uncertainty attendant to each calculation varies
widely. Therefore, the appropriate use of these proce-
dures and the discussion of uncertainties surrounding
the results remain important responsibilities of the risk
assessor.
Keywords: "Emissions. "Incinerators, "Toxicity, Expo-
sure, Tables(Data), Computation, Models, Skin effect.
Concentration, "Risk assessment, "Environmental ex-
posure pathways, 'Air pollution effects(Humans),
Dose-response relationships.
lar emission-rate results tor uu, wj, <>i ,u			
er, when differences were observed, it was concluded
that the chamber-technique value was more realistic
because it allows the oxygen level supplied to the ap-
The methodology document seeks to provide risk as-
sessors with the guidance necessary to estimate the
health risks that result from exposure to toxic pollut-
ants in oombustor emissions by pathways other than
PB90-187063/HSU	PC A11/MF A02
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada.
OK.
New Approach and Methodologies tor Character-
izing the Hydrogeologlc Properties of Aquifers.
Final rept. Aug-Dec 89.
Auburn Univ., AL. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
F. J. Molz, O. Guven, and J. G. Melville. Jan 90,237p
EPA/600/2-90/002
Grant EPA-R-813647
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
In the authors' opinion, the ability of hydrologists to
perform field measurements of aquifer hydraulic prop-
erties must be enhanced if they are to improve signifi-
cantly the capacity to solve ground water contamina-
tion problems at Superfund and other sites. Therefore,
the primary purpose of the report is to provide motiva-
tion and new methodology for measuring K(z), the dis-
tribution of horizontal hydraulic conductivity In the ver-
tical direction in the vicinity of a test well. Measure-
ments in nearby wells can then be used to build up
three-dimensional distributions. For completeness,
and to enhance the usefulness of the report as a field
manual, existing methodology for the measurement of
effective porosity, vertical hydraulic conductivity, stora-
tivity and hydraulic head, are presented also. It is
argued that dispersion-dominated models, particularly
two-dimensional, vertically-averaged (areal) models,
have been pushed about as far as they can go, end
that two-dimensional vertical profile or fully tnree-di-
mensional advection-dominated transport models are
necessary if they are to increase significantly the ability
to understand and predict contaminant transput, reac-
tion, and degradation in the field. Such models require
the measurement of hydraulic conductivity distribu-
tions, K(z), rather than vertically averaged values in the
form of transmissivities.
Keywords; "Aquifers, "Hydrogeology, 'Water pollu-
tion, 'Waste disposal, 'Ground water, 'Mathematical
models, Site surveys, Hydraulic gradients, Observation
wells, Porosity, Hydraulic conductivity, Head losses
"Environmental transport, Superfund program, Three^
dimensional calculations.
PB90-187071 /HSU	PC A04/MF AQ1
Laboratory Test Methods of Exposure by Oral
and Intravenous Routes ol Microbial Peat Contra!
Agents to Nontarget Avian Species.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A. Fairbrother. and P. S. Buchholz. Jan 90,71 p* EPA/
600/3-90/002
Prepared in cooperation with NSI Technology Services
Corp., Corvallis, OR.
Microbial pest control agents (MPCAs) are i.^v
nisms applied to the environment to control the
eration and spread of agricultural or sitvicuttural insect
arthropod, or plant pests. Standardized protocols w«re
determined to determine the pathogenicity of pro-
posed MPCAs to nontarget avian spectes. The mailaid
(Anas platyrhynchos) and bobwhite (Colinus virgin,
ianus) were selected as test species as they are wed
routinely by U.S. Environmental Protection Agancy for
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
evaluation of effects of chemical pesticides on wildlife.
Three routes of exposure of the birds to MPCAs were
evaluated: oral, intravenous (I.V.), and respiratory. The
report discusses only oral and I.V. routes. Autographs
califomica nuclear polyhedrosis virus was used as a
representative viral agent; Metarrhizium anisopliae
was used for a fungal agent; and Salmonella pullorum
(a known avian pathogen) was selected as a repre-
sentative bacterium. A known avian pathogen was
used for the bacterial challenge to verify that tne proto-
cols would detect pathogenicity if it were present.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicity, 'Birds, Exposure,
Microorganisms, Tests, 'Microbial pest control agents,
'Environmental exposure pathways. Protocols, Auto-
graphs californica, Metarrhizium anisopliae, Salmonel-
la pullorum, Pathogenicity.
PB9O-187089/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Methods to Measure the Influence of Genetically
Engineered Bacteria on Ecological Processes In
Soil.
New York Univ., NY. Lab. of Microbial Ecology.
G. Stotzky. Jan 90,40p EPA/600/3-90/011
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
The purpose of the document is to summarize the
methods and concepts that have been developed and
used by the author and his colleagues to study the po-
tential effects of genetically engineered microorga-
nisms (GEMs) introduced, deliberately or accidentia
into soil on microbemediated ecological processes in
soil. The potential impacts of GEMs on the structure
and function of natural environments into which the
GEMs are introduced is the 'bottom-line' aspect in the
concern about the survival of, and genetic transfer by,
GEMs in these habitats. If a GEM survives in the habi-
tat into which it is introduced, does the job for which it
was designed, and even if the novel gene(s) is trans-
ferred to indigenous microbes, there should be little
cause for concern unless the novel gene(s), either in
the introduced GEM or in an indigenous recipient(s),
results in some unexpected impacts on the environ-
ment.
Keywords: 'Microorganisms, 'Soil microbiology, Toxi-
cology, Contamination, Ecology, Measurement, 'Ge-
netic engineering, Environmental impacts.
PB90-187097/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Impact of Ozone and Sulfur Dioxide on the Yield
of Agricultural Crops. Technical bulletin.
North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh.
M C. Sommerville, S. E. Sprulll, J. 0. Rawlings, and V.
M' Lesser. Nov 89,95p TB-292, EPA/600/3-90/016
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR-
The National Crop Loss Assessment Network
(NCLAN) was formed in 1980 to assess the effects of
air pollutants on major agricultural crop yields. NCLAN
consisted of U. S. government and non-government
organizations that conducted field experiments, crop
yield modeling, and economic analyses. Ozone and
kilfur dioxide were selected as the air pollutant treat-
ments for NCLAN studies because they were known to
cause damage to vegetation. Experimental methods
and results from individual studies have been reported
by the principal investigators in many publications. The
purpose of the publication is to summarize the statisti-
cal methods used in the combined analyses, to
present the polynomial and Weibull ozone dose-re-
sponse equations determined in the combined analy-
ses, and to summarize the effects of ozone on crop
yields by presenting estimated relative yield losses for
postulated levels of ozone pollution.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Sulfur dioxide, "Farm crops,
Plants(Botany), Yield, Losses, Estimates, Statistical
methods, Weibull density functions, *Air pollution
effects(Plants), Environmental Impact, Dose response
relationships, National Crop Loss Assessment Net-
work.
PB90-18710S/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Metals Testing Report: Metal Content of Environ-
mental Samples from Region 4.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
L A. Kapustka. M. A. Bollman, and W. K. Baune. Dec
89.16p EPA/600/3-90/016
Prepared in cooperation with NSI Technology Services
Corp., Corvallis, OR.
The report summarizes the procedures used to ana-
lyze selected aquatic and emergent plant, aquatic
insect, and fish samples for specific metals; and pre-
sents the results of the analyses along with some inter-
pretation. Samples were received from Region 4, Envi-
ronmental Services Division, Athens, Georgia, under
an agreement In which the ERL-C Site Assessment
Team would determine the metal content of the sam-
ples, lead being the primary metal of interest, and for-
ward the results to Region 4 to aid in the site assess-
ments. Samples were collected from two Superfund
sites in the southeast United States, the Kassouf-Ki-
merling site in Tampa, FL, and the Schuylkill site in
Plant City, FL. Both were 'battery cracking' sites. The
samples were acid digested to reduce them to inor-
ganic constituents which were then analyzed with ICP-
AES (inductively-coupled plasma-atomic emission
spectroscopy). Metals assessed included calcium,
magnesium, sodium, potassium, phosphorous, zinc,
aluminum, iron, manganese, copper, chromium, nickel,
arsenic, lead, boron, cobalt, and molybdenum.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Water chemistry,
'Metals, 'Ions, 'Quantitative analysis, Methodology,
Aquatic animals, Aquatic plants, Insects, Fishes,
Lead(Metal), Acid electrolytes, Electric batteries,
Water analysis, Tables(Data), Remedial action.
PB90-187113/HSU	PC E99/MF EM
Background Document for Third Wastes to Sup-
port 40 CFR Part 268 Land Disposal Restrictions.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Nov 89,826p-in 3v
Set includes PB90-187121 through PB90-187147.
No abstract available.
PBM-187121/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Background Document for Third Third Wastes to
Support 40 CFR Part 288 Land Disposal Restric-
tions. Proposed Rule. Third Third Waste Volumes,
Characteristics, and Required and Available
Treatment Capacity. Volume 1. Executive Summa-
ry: Chapter 1 and Chapter 2.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Nov 89,139p EPA/530/SW-90/033A
See also Volume 2, PB90-187139 and PB89-220552.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-187113.
The document supports the proposed rule for the Third
Third of the wastes scheduled for restriction from land
disposal under Section 3004(m) of RCRA. It presents
the estimates of the quantities of wastes that will re-
3uire alternative treatment and recovery prior to land
isposal. It also presents estimates of alternative treat-
ment and recovery capacity available to manage
wastes restricted from land disposal, taking into ac-
count the demands already placed on that capacity by
previous land disposal restrictions.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste dispos-
al, 'Regulations, 'United States, Volume, Waste treat-
ment, Requirements, Availability, National govern-
ment, Standards, Surveys, Injection wells. Oxidation
reduction reactions, PrecipitationfChemistry), Esti-
mates, Tables(Data), States(United States), 'Land dis-
posal, 'Recycling, Hazardous and Solid Waste
Amendments of 1984, 'Alternative planning.
PB90-187139/H8U	PC A19/MF AOS
Background Document for Third Third Wastes to
Support 40 CFR Part 268 Land Disposal Restric-
tions. Volume 2. Proposed Rule. Third Third
Waste Volumes, Characteristics, and Required
and Available Treatment Capacity. Chapter 2.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Nov 89,442p EPA/530/SW-90/033B
See also Volume 1, PB90-187121, Volume 3, PB90-
187147 and PB89-220560.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-187113.
The document supports the proposed rule for the Third
Third of the wastes scheduled for restriction from land
disposal under Section 3004(m) of RCRA. It presents
the estimates of the quantities of wastes that will re-
uire alternative treatment and recovery prior to land
isposal. It also presents estimates of alternative treat-
ment and recovery capacity available to manage
wastes restricted from land disposal, taking into ac-
count the demands already placed on that capacity by
previous land disposal restrictions. Volume 2 presents
the results of the analyses of required capacity for
each alternative technology on a waste-specific basis
for the wastes in the proposed Third Third rule.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste dispos-
al, 'Regulations, 'United States, Volume, Require-
ments, Organic compounds, Classifications, Stand-
ards, Waste treatment, Solids, Liquids, Mixtures,
Sludge disposal, Combustion, Incinerators, Stabiliza-
tion, Tables(Data), 'Land disposal, Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act and Amendment of 1984, Re-
cycling, 'Alternative planning.
PB90-187147/HSU	PC A11/MF A02
Background Document for Third Third Wastes to
Support 40 CFR Part 288 Land Disposal Restric-
tions. Volume 3. Proposed Rule. Third Third
Waste Volumes, Characteristics, and Required
and Available Treatment Capacity. Chapter 4. Ap-
endlces.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Nov 89,245p EPA/530/SW-90/033C
See also Volume 2, PB90-187139 and PB89-179535.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-187113.
The document supports the proposed rule for the Third
Third of the wastes scheduled for restriction from land
disposal under Section 3004{m) of RCRA. It presents
the estimates of the quantities of wastes that will re-
quire alternative treatment and recovery prior to land
disposal. It also presents estimates of alternative treat-
ment and recovery capacity available to manage
wastes restricted from land disposal, taking into ac-
count the demands already placed on that capacity by
previous land disposal restrictions. Volume 3 of the
background document presents a detailed discussion
of the methodology (approach) and rationale for the
capacity analysis supporting the proposed rule.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Solid waste dispos-
al, 'Regulations, 'United States, Volume, Require-
ments, Methodology, Availability, California, Waste
treatment, Soils, Solvents, Injection wells, Compari-
son, Facilities, Tables(Data). 'Land disposal, Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act and Amend-
ments of 1984, Recycling, Alternative planning.
PB90-1871S4/HSU	PC A1S/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Characterization of Municipal Waste Combustion
Ash, Ash Extracts, and Leachates. Coalition on
Resource Recovery and the Environment
NUS Corp., Gaithersburg, MD.
Mar 90,337p EPA/530/5W-90/029A
Contract EPA-68-01 -7310
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, DC. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Re-
sponse.
The report was prepared to enhance the data base on
the characteristics of municipal waste combustion
ashes, laboratory extracts of the MWC ashes, and lea-
chates from HWC ash disposal facilities. As inciner-
ation has grown in popularity, so has concern over the
management of increasing volumes of ash.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Ashes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Combustion products, Leaching, Ash con-
tent, Fly ash, Sampling, Mass spectroscopy, Gas chro-
matography, Air pollution control. Sample preparation.
Chemical	analysis,	Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Extraction, 'Municipal
wastes, 'Incineration, Polychlorinated biphenyls,
Heavy metals, Dioxins, Solid waste management,
Technology utilization, Pollution regulations.
PB90-187182/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Quality Assurance Support for the National At-
mospheric Deposition Program and National
Trends Network Monitoring Activities: 1987-1990.
Second Interim Report.
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Natural Resource
Ecology Lab.
D. S. Bigelow. Feb 90,62p EPA/600/3-90/018
Grant EPA-CR813910-03
See also PB89-155220. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Lab.
The report summarizes the quality assurance activities
of the NADP/NTN Quality Assurance Manager from
mid-1988 through mid-1989. The report presents
some accomplishments and makes recommendations
lor the network. The report outlines the progress being
made by the NADP/NTN monitoring program in com-
pleting documentation of standard operating proce-
dures, responding to field operation and siting deficien-
cies and discusses data quality issues relating to the
handling of TRACE samples and the quality coding of
daily rain amounts. The report also contains an evalua-
tion of a second laboratory's participation in the net-
work and reports on a preliminary evaluation of Nipher-
shielded Belfort rain gauge performance in the net-
work. Recommendations emphasize the continued
support of the quality assurance manager's role in co-
ordinating quality assurance activities and the need for
more support for the gathering and interpretation of
quality assurance data.
Keywords:	'Quality	assurance,
'Precipitation(Meteorology), "Chemical analysis, Site
surveys, Reviews, Forecasting, Trace elements, Qual-
ity control, State government, Performance evaluation,
Concentration(Composition), 'National atmospheric
deposition program, "National trends network, "Envi-
ronmental monitoring, "Air pollution sampling, National
acid precipitation assessment program.
PB90-187170/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Urban Aerosol Transformation and Transport
Modeling. Rapt, for Oct 85-Oct 88.
Texas Univ. at Austin. Dept. of Chemical Engineering.
Y. Seo, and J. R. Brock. Feb 90,51 p* EPA/600/3-90/
017
Grant EPA-R-811946
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
Modules for secondary aerosol formation included in
the urban scale K-theory aerosol model, AROSOL are:
An empirical first-order S02 conversion scheme,
termed EMM; The lumped parameter kinetic model
termed the Carbon Bond Mechanism, in the version
CBM-IV; The lumped parameter kinetic model termed
the Atkinson Lloyd Mechanism, in the 1985 ERT ver-
sion; The equilibrium Model for an Aerosol Reacting
System (MARS) for prediction of equilibrium partition
of nitrates, sulfates, and ammonium between the gas
and aerosol phases; The Binary Aerosol Dynamics
Model for nucieation and growth of secondary aerosol.
The modules for secondary sulfate and nitrate forma-
tion have been demonstrated with data from the 1982
Philadelphia Aerosol Field Study. Both EMM and CBM
give similar secondary sulfate concentrations. EMM
was found to give secondary sulfate concentrations
around ten times those with CBM. MARS was used to
demonstrate secondary sulfate speciation from the
conversions given by CBM. From the CBM calcula-
tions, nitrate speciation calculated by MARS was also
obtained.
Keywords: "Aerosols, "Urban areas, "Mathematical
models, "Air pollution, Particle size, Photochemical re-
actions, Chemical bonds, Kinetics, Ammonium,
Graphs(Charts), Concentration(Composition), Sul-
fates, Inorganic nitrates, 'Atmospheric chemistry,
AROSOL model.
PB90-187188/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
National Performance Audit Program: Ambient Air
Audits of Analytical Proficiency, 1988. Project rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
E. T. Hunike, and W. J. Mitchell. Feb 90,25p EPA/
600/3-90/014
Prepared in cooperation with NSI Technology Services
Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The report presents the results of the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency's 1988 National Ambient Air
Performance Audit Program. Semiannual audits were
conducted for lead, nitrate and sulfate on filter strips.
One audit was conducted for high volume/PM-10 size
selective inlet (SSI) sampler flow rate and carbon mon-
oxide. Continuous sulfur dioxide monitors were audited
throughout the year. Pilot-scale audits conducted for
dichot sampler flow, continuous nitrogen dioxide moni-
tors, and ozone monitors in 1988 were successful.
These audits were initiated on a full-scale basis in
1989. The results of each 1988 audit are presented in
tabular form for each concentration level. The overall
performance for all participants for each audit con-
ducted since the beginning of the program (with the
exception of sulfur dioxide and high volume/PM-10
(SSI)) is also shown graphically.
Keywords: 'Auditing, Carbon monoxide, Lead(Metal),
Sulfur dioxide, Continuous sampling, State govern-
ment,	Performance	evaluation,
Concentration(Composition), Sulfates, Inorganic ni-
trates, 'National ambient air performance audit pro-
gram, 'Air pollution sampling, Environmental monitor-
ing, High volume samplers, US EPA, Standards com-
pliance.
PB90-187196/HSU	PC A12/MF A02
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Expert System for Hydrodynamic Mixing Zone
Analysis of Conventional and Toxic Submerged
Single Port Discharges (CORMIX1).
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. DeFrees Hydraulics Lab.
R. L. Doneker, and G. H. Jirka. Feb 90,267p EPA/
600/3-90/012
Grant EPA-R-813093
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Athens,
GA.
U.S. water quality policy includes the concept of a
mixing zone, a limited area or volume of water where
the initial dilution of a discharge occurs. The Cornell
Mixing Zone Expert System (CORMIX1) was devel-
oped to predict the dilution and trajectory of a sub-
merged single port discharge of arbitrary density (posi-
tive, neutral, or negative) into a stratified or uniform
density ambient environment with or without crossflow.
CORMIX1 uses knowledge and inference rules based
on hydrodynamic expertise to classify and predict
buoyant jet missing. CORMIX1 gathers the necessary
data, checks for data consistency, assembles and
executes the appropriate hydrodynamic simulation
models, interprets the results of the simulation in terms
of the legal requirements including toxic discharge cri-
teria, and suggests design alternatives to improve dilu-
tion characteristics. The model, with its emphasis on
rapid initial mixing, assumes a conservative pollutant
discharge neglecting any physical, chemical, or biolog-
ical reaction or decay process. The predictive results
can be readily converted, however, to adjust for first-
order reaction processes.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Dilution, "Sources, Trajec-
tones, Water pollution. Hydrodynamics, Mixing, Com-
puterized simulation, Mathematical models, 'Expert
systems.
PB90-187204/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Role of Grid-Based, Reactive Air Quality Modeling
in Policy Analysis: Perspectives and Implications,
as Drawn from a Case Study. Final rept.
Princeton Univ., NJ. Center for Energy and Environ-
mental Studies.
P. M. Roth, C. E. Blanchard, and S. D. Reynolds. Mar
90,115p EPA/600/3-89/082
Contract EPA-68-01-6849
Prepared in cooperation with Systems Applications,
Inc., San Rafael, CA. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Lab.
A primary objective of the study is to improve the un-
derstanding of the role of performance quality in deter-
mining a model's acceptability and usefulness to the
policy maker, and thus to aid in developing soundly-
based expectations of the modeling process. The vehi-
cle for pursuing this objective is examining the histori-
cal evolution of the Urban Airshed Model (UAM), a
grid-based photochemical model whose basic formu-
lation is similar to the Regional Acid Deposition Model,
and its application to policy analysis in the South Coast
Air Basin of California. A derivative objective is to draw
implications from the findings to aid in appraising the
merits of future pursuits, notably the mounting of com-
prehensive field programs to support the evaluation of
regional acid deposition models. The report describes
the UAM, examines its predictive capability through
scrutiny of historical performance statistics, assesses
its degree of acceptance in the scientific and regula-
tory communities, based on information and view-
points solicited through questionnaires and interviews,
examines the influence on the policy-making commu-
nity of the UAM studies and, based on these 'findings',
attempts to develop a perspective on the expectations
of current regional acid deposition models.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, "Air pollution. Per-
formance evaluation, Photochemical reactions,
Trends, Comparison, Error analysis, Graphs(Chart$),
Concantration(Composition), 'Air quality, 'Urban
Airshed Model, 'Regional Acid Deposition Model, En-
vironmental transport, Atmosphenc chemistry, Com-
prehensive planning, Environmental policy.
PB90-187220/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Assessing UST Corrective Action Technologies:
Site Assessment and Selection of Unsaturated
Zone Treatment Technologies. Rept. for Oct 87-
Sep 89.
Camp, Dresser and McKee, Inc., Boston, MA.
W. J. Lyman, and O. C. Noonan. Mar 90, A 19p* EPA/
600/2-90/011
Contract EPA-68-03-3409
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
A methodology is presented for evaluating the likely ef-
fectiveness of five soil treatment technologies at sites
where petroleum products have contaminated the un-
saturated zone. The five soil treatment technologies
are: soil venting, biorestoration, soil flushing, hydraulic
barriers, and excavation. The evaluation consists of a
site assessment, selection of a treatment technology,
and performance monitoring and follow-up measure-
ments. The overall focus of the manual is on making a
preliminary screening of what soil treatment technol-
ogies would likely be effective at a given underground
storage tank site. Factors that are critical to tne suc-
cessful implementation of each technology are pre-
sented and site conditions which are favorable for
each factor are discussed.
Keywords: 'Site surveys, 'Petroleum products,
'Manuals, 'Underground storage, 'Storage tanks,
'Fuel storage, "Hazardous materials, Performance
evaluation, Physicochemical properties, Water pollu-
tion, Air pollution, Barriers, Hydraulics, State govern-
ment, Crude oil, Ventlna, Flushing,
Evacuating(Vacuum), Excavation. Biodeterioration
'Land pollution, 'Cleanup operations, 'Unsaturated
zone, Environmental transport, Technology utilization.
PB90-187238/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
National Dry Deposition Network: Second Annual
Progress Report (1988).
Hunter/ESE, inc., Gainesville, FL.
E. S. Edgerton, T. F. Lavery, M. G. Hodges, and J. J.
Bowser. Mar 90,101 p EPA/600/3-90/020
Contract EPA-68-02-4451
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
Progress in the National Dry Deposition Network
during calendar year 1988 is presented. The network
configuration and operating procedures for the field,
laboratory, and data management center are d»!
scribed, and data are summarized. Forty-three sites
were operational at the close of 1988. Each site was
equipped with sensors for measuring ozone and mete-
orological parameters required by inferential dry depo-
sition algorithms. Weekly average day/night concen-
trations of sulfate, nitrate, sulfur dioxide, and nitric add
were measured using a three-stage filter pacjr
Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and ammo-
nium were measured during half of the year. Ambient
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
concentration data for 18 sites operational throughout
the year showed species-dependent variability from
site to site, season to season, and day to night.
Keywords: Spatial distribution, Algorithms, Sites,
Concentration(Composition), Field tests, Experimental
design. Information systems, Seasonal variations, Me-
teorology, Ozone, Graphs(Data), *Dry methods, "Air
pollution sampling, 'National Dry Deposition Network,
Mass balance, Temporal distribution.
PB90-187246/HSU	PC A25/MF AIM
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Validation of Emission Test Method for PCDDs
and PCDFs: Work Assignment No. 23. Final rept.
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
J. T. Coates. Mar 90,598p EPA/600/3-90/007
Contract EPA-68-02-4395
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
The precision and accuracy of the Modified Method
Five (MM5) sampling and analysis scheme for poly-
chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans
(PCDD/PCDF) in municipal waste combustor stack
gas have been determined. This was accomplished
using a dynamic spiking system designed to continu-
ously deliver stable isotopic PCDD/PCDF congeners
into the MM5 sampling train upstream of the particu-
late filter during sampling of incinerator stack gas.
Field validation tests to measure the recovery of stati-
cally and dynamically spiked PCDD/PCDF during
stack gas sampling indicated that the resin effectively
retained the static spike during operating conditions.
Dynamic spike recoveries were inadequate, partially
due to the use of dichloromethane as the extraction
solvent. Toluene was subsequently shown to be more
appropriate than dichloromethane for obtaining en-
hanced recoveries of PCDD/PCDF. The overall sam-
pling and analysis scheme as recommended in the
report was estimated as at better than 80% for the ac-
curacy and as at + or - 35% for the precision.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Flue gases, 'Gas
analysis, Solvent extraction, Performance evaluation,
Toluene, Design criteria, Ashes, Mass spectroscopy,
Gas chromatography, Field tests, Isotopic labeling,
Tables(Data), 'Air pollution sampling, 'Air pollution de-
tection, 'Municipal wastes, 'Incineration, 'Polychlori-
nated dibenzodioxins, 'Polychiorinated dibenzofurans,
Air samplers, Stacks, Thermal spikes.
PB90-1872S3/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Analysis Of 2,3,7,8-TCDD Tumor Promotion Activi-
ty and Its Relationship to Cancer. Symposium
Invfronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
J W Holder, and H. M. Menzel. Mar 90,14p OHEA-C-
287, EPA/600/D-90/006
Pub. in Chemosphere v19 p1-6. Presented at the Inter-
national Conference on Dloxins, August 1988, Umea,
Sweden. Prepared in cooperation with Hessische Lan-
desanstalt fuer Umwelt, Wiesbaden (Germany, F.R.).
2 3 7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) has a
high estimated cancer potency in animals which has
been reasoned to imply that TCDD might be carcino-
oenic to man. The animal cancer data snow that TCDD
£an act in a solitary manner causing tumors without the
participation of other known factors. However, there
exist animal cancer data indicating that TCDD can act
as a tumor-promoting compound. The analysis exam-
ines which type of carcinogen and which mechanism
best characterize TCDD cancer activity. It is suggested
that TCDD acts by a hormonal mechanism to cause
cancer in a solitary manner, at low doses, In two spe-
cies, and in a number of different organs, Including rare
sites. These observations In toto characterize TCDD
as a complete carcinogen, which by definition encom-
passes both initiation and promotion carcinogenic ac-
tivities.
Keywords: 'Malignant neoplasms, 'Carcinogens,
Rats, Mice, Exposure, Bioassay, Tables(Data), Re-
prints, *Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 'Carcinogenicity
tests, Dose-response relationships.
PB90-187261/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Verification of Simplified Procedures for Site-Spe-
cific S02 and NOx Control Cost Estimates. Final
rept. Mar 88-May 89.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
T. E. Emmel, and M. Maibodi. Feb 90,192p EPA/600/
7-90/008
Contract EPA-68-02-4286
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report documents results of an evaluation to verify
the accuracy of simplified procedures for estimating
sulfur dioxide (S02) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) retrofit
control costs and performance for 200 S02-emitting
coal-fired power plants in the 31-state eastern region.
Initially, detailed retrofit studies were conducted for 12
coal-fired plants in Ohio, Kentucky, and the Tennessee
Valley Authority system. Because detailed studies are
expensive and time-consuming, results from the 12-
plant study were used to develop simplified proce-
dures which require less time, data, and preparation
effort. The evaluation compared the costs for a
number of plants estimated using the simplified proce-
dures to costs estimated using detailed procedures,
actual retrofit costs, and more detailed cost estimates
provided by utility companies. Based on the evalua-
tion, recommendations for changes to the simplified
procedures were developed. Control technologies ad-
dressed In the report are conventional lime/limestone
flue gas desulfurization, lime spray drying, furnace sor-
bent injection, duct spray drying, coal switching, physi-
cal coal cleaning, and selective catalytic reduction. In
general, it was found that the simplified procedures
can be used to generate improved cost performance
estimates based on generally available information.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Ni-
trogen oxides, 'Cost estimates, Verifying, Perform-
ance evaluation, Comparison, Injection, Calcium
oxides, Sorbents, Catalysts, Coal preparation, 'East-
ern Region(United States), 'Coal firec power plants,
Stationary sources, Flue gas desulfurization, Lime-
stone injection.
PB90-187949/HSU	PC A17/MF A02
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
National Radon Measurement Proficiency (RMP)
Program: Cumulative Proficiency Report, January
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Jan 90,382p EPA/520/1-90/001
Contract EPA-68-D90064
See also PB89-117634. Sponsored by Office of Radi-
ation Programs, Washington, DC.
The report is a complete listing of participants who met
EPA's National Radon Measurement Proficiency
(RMP) Program requirements during Test Round 6
conducted March-December 1989. It is intended for
use by Federal, State, and local officials, radon meas-
urement companies, radon mitigation contractors,
concerned homeowners, and other persons as an aid
In selecting reliable sources of radon.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Measurement, Test methods,
Radioactive contaminants, Tabies(Data), Performance
standards, Concentration(Composition), Quality con-
trol, Quality assurance, Continuous sampling,
States(United States), Requirements, Air filters. Char-
coal, Sample preparation, Public health, Adsorption,
Electrets, Scintillation counters. Alpha particle detec-
tors, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Businesses, 'Indoor air
pollution.
PB90-18S723/HSU	PC A20/MF AOS
Task Force on Environmental Cancer and Heart and
Lung Disease, Washington, DC.
Effects of Pesticides on Human Health. Proceed-
ings of a Workshop. Hsld In Keystone, Colorado
on May 9-11,1986. Symposium paper (Final).
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA. RiskFocus Div.
S. R. Baker, and C. F. Wilkinson. Mar 90,460p EPA/
600/9-90/016
Contract EPA-68-D9-0166
Sponsored by Task Force on Environmental Cancer
and Heart and Lung Disease, Washington, DC.
The document presents the results of a workshop held
from May 9 to 11, 1988, in Keystone, Colorado, fo-
cused on the potential chronic health effects of pesti-
cides. Seventy expert participants collaborated within
six working groups concentrating on pesticide expo-
sure, neurotoxicity, carcinogenicity, immunotoxicity,
developmental toxicity, and reproductive toxicity. The
report combines the deliberations of each of these
several working groups developed before, during and
after the workshop, in addition, it includes a general in-
troduction and overview of the subject and an execu-
tive summary that contains several conclusions and
recommendations that represent the consensus opin-
ion of the chairs of the working groups. The views ex-
pressed in the document are those of the participating
scientists and should not be construed as representing
any Agency position.
Keywords: 'Meetings, "Toxicology, 'Pesticides, 'In-
secticides, 'Herbicides, Reproduction(Biology), Expo-
sure, Nervous system, Carcinogenicity tests, Terato-
gens, Environmental exposure pathways, Pharmaco-
kinetics, Immune system.
PB90-188731/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Selection and Measurement of Physical Proper-
ties for Characterization of Chemical Protective
Clothing Materials.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
T. R. Carroll, and A. D. Schwope. Dec 89,94p ADL-
62290-80, EPA/600/2-89/049
Contract EPA-68-03-3293
Prepared in cooperation with Coast Guard, Washing-
ton, DC. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering
Lab.
Chemical protective clothing (CPC) must possess cer-
tain physical properties if it is to function as an effec-
tive barrier to chemicals. The physical characteristics
of CPC materials has gone largely unstudied; most at-
tention has been focussed on chemical resistance.
Physical property tests have been surveyed for their
applicability to CPC materials, and those tests, which
appeared to be most pertinent, were applied to ten
fabrics and three visor materials. From statistical anal-
ysis of the results and experience gained in performing
the tests, a minimum battery of tests is recommended.
The battery contains nine primary test methods that
will allow the measurement of puncture, puncture-
propagation tear, burst, abrasion, accelerated aging,
ana electrostatic charge accumulation for CPC fabrics,
and abrasion resistance, deviation in line-of-sight, and
impact for the CPC visor materials. Further develop-
ment of a cut test is recommended before it is added
to the battery.
Keywords: 'Chemical attack, 'Protective clothing.
Physical properties, Impact tests, Measurement, Fab-
rics, Helmets, Puncture resistance, Tear strength, Ab-
rasion, Aging tests(Materials), Permeability,
Tables(Data), Plastics, Elastomers, Safety devices.
Characterization.
PB90-188749/HSU	PC A99/MF E06
Federal Facilities Hazardous Waste Compliance
Manual. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
9 Jan 90,70Op OSWER DIRECTIVE-9992.4
In the continuing effort to achieve a higher level of
compliance with the Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act (RCRA) and the Comprehensive Environ-
mental Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA) at Federal facilities, the Federal Facilities
Hazardous Waste Compliance Office (FFHWCO) has
developed the 'Federal Facilities Hazardous Waste
Compliance Manual'. The manual includes an over-
view of the Federal facilities hazardous waste compli-
ance program, relevant statutory authorities, model
provisions for Federal facility agreements, enforce-
ment and other applicable guidance, Federal facilities
docket and NPL listings, data management informa-
tion, selected DOD and DOE program guidance, and
organization charts and contacts. This compendium is
intended to be used as a reference by Regional RCRA
and CERCLA enforcement personnel and Regional
Counsels, particularly as an orientation guide for new
Federal facilities staff.
Keywords: 'Manuals, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste
management, Land reclamation, Conservation, En-
forcement, Agreements, Environmental quality, Stat-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
utes, Community relations, Compliance, "Federal Fa-
cilities Hazardous Waste Compliance Program, Radio-
active mixed wastes, Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act, Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse/Compensation/and Liability Act.
PB90-188772/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Users Guide for the Conversion of Navy Paint
Spray Booth Particulate Emission Control Sys-
tems from Wet to Dry Operation. Final rept. Jan-
Sep 89.
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Environmental Sys-
tems Div.
J. Ayer, and D. Tate. Mar 90, 85p EPA/600/2-90/008
Contract EPA-68-02-4285
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report is a guide for converting U.S. Navy paint
spray booth particulate emission control systems from
wet to dry operation. The use of water curtains for air
pollution control of paint spray booths is considered a
major source of water and solid waste pollution from
industrial painting operations. It is possible, however,
to eliminate this water pollution problem and signifi-
cantly reduce the solid waste load by converting the
booth to utilize a dry filter pollution control system. The
conversion, however, requires extensive planning prior
to actual facility modification. The report describes re-
quirements to facilitate the planning and preparation
for conversion of typical spray booths. Although the
report addresses modifications of Navy spray booths,
the basic engineering requirements discussed apply
also to other Department of Defense installations and
to commercial industrial facilities.
Keywords: "Guidelines, "Air pollution control, "Spray
painting, "Water pollution abatement, "Filters, "Solid
waste disposal, Performance evaluation, Design crite-
ria, Particles, Revisions, Industrial wastes, Manage-
ment planning, Licenses, Economic analysis, "Dry
methods, "Containment spray systems, Wet methods.
PB90-188806/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Technology Assessment of the Biological Aer-
ated Filter. Final rept. 1984-85.
Montgomery (James M.) Consulting Engineers, Inc.,
Pasadena, CA.
A. J. Condren. Apr 90,104p EPA/600/2-90/015
Contract EPA-68-03-1821
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The technology assessment report describes a recent-
ly developed biological wastewater treatment concept
called the biological aerated filter (BAF)/Biocarbonne
process and addresses performance and operational
characteristics, design approaches, and potential ap-
plications of that process. Recommendations are pro-
vided where further definition of process performance
response to environmental conditions is felt to be war-
ranted. A brief comparison of the similarities and differ-
ences of the BAF/Biocarbonne process with conven-
tional activated sludge is also given. The term BAF is
used by the North American vendor of the process,
Eimco Process Equipment Company of Salt Lake City,
Utah. The Biocarbonne terminology is employed by
the original French developer of the technology,
Omniun de Traitements et de Valorisation, who mar-
kets the process primarily in Europe. Although the
process regimes offered by these two companies are
essentially identical, distinctly different design ap-
proaches have evolved for each.
Keywords: "Aeration, "Fluid filters, "Sewage treat-
ment, Performance evaluation, Operations, Design cri-
teria, Comparison, Activated sludge process, Recom-
mendations, Patents, Biochemical oxygen demand,
Tests, Maintenance, Land use, "Biocarbonne process,
Biological waste treatment.
PB90-188830/HSU	_ 4 npc A°4/I^F*°„1
Evaluation of Methods Used to Desorb the Con-
stituents Adsorbed on the Charcoal Contained In
Automotive Evaporative Canisters. Part 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
D. Dropkin. Feb 90,66p EPA/600/3-90/013A
See also PB90-188848. Prepared in cooperation with
NSI Technology Services Corp., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
The study evaluates current extraction methods for
analyzing charcoal canisters which are used to control
evaporative emissions in automobiles. The initial
phase of the study investigated various extraction pro-
cedures and solvents, including carbon disulfide,
methanol, cyclohexane, methylene chloride, and a
mixture containing carbon disulfide and 12% acetone.
The solvents were used in the soxhlet extraction of
evaporative hydrocarbons adsorbed on the charcoal
of the canister. In another procedure the charcoal was
subjected to ultrasonication with carbon disulfide as
the extraction solvent. The various sample extracts
were analyzed for detailed hydrocarbon by gas chro-
matography and results of the procedures were com-
pared The difference between the results of the soxh-
let extractions in the study and those in the previous
study was that there had been a significant increase in
the quantity of aromatics measured. The differences in
the procedures for sample introduction into the GC
was determined to result in fewer measurable hydro-
carbons in the prior study.
Keywords: "Automobiles, "Exhaust emissions, "Sol-
vent extraction, "Air pollution, "Pollution control, Mate-
rials recovery, Filtration, Hydrocarbons, Chemical
analysis.
PB90-188848/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Evaluation of Methods Used to Desorb the Con-
stituents Adsorbed on the Charcoal Contained In
Automotive Evaporative Canisters. Part 2. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Ldb
D. Dropkin. Feb 90,69p EPA/600/3-90/013B
See also PB90-188830. Prepared in cooperation with
NSI Technology Services Corp., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
The report presents the conclusion of a two-part study
which evaluated current extraction methods for ana-
lyzing charcoal canisters used to control evaporative
emissions in automobiles. The second part of the
study investigated the use of solvent-free extraction
methods such as high pressure C02 soxhlet extraction
and vacuum transfer extraction. The results of the sol-
vent-free methods were then compared to the CS2
soxhlet extraction methods. The results of the study
showed that the CS2 method extracted up to 8% more
material (by weight) from the charcoal than did the
vacuum transfer method and up to 15% more material
(by weight) than did the high pressure C02 soxhlet ex-
traction method. In addition more total hydrocarbons
were measured with the CS2 method than were meas-
ured in either the vacuum transfer or the high pressure
C02 methods. The high pressure C02 soxnlet extrac-
tion method gave the lowest hydrocarbon measure-
ments of the three methods.
Keywords: "Automobiles, "Exhaust emissions, "Ex-
traction, "Materials recovery, Filtration, Pollution con-
trol, Air pollution, Hydrocarbons, Chemical analysis.
PB90-188855/HSU	PC A14/MF A02
Effects of Anthropogenic Hydrocarbon Emission
Reductions in Urban Areas with High Biogenic Hy-
drocarbon Emission Rates: Tampa and St. Peters-
burg Caae Study. LAA Report No. P137-1. Rept. for
Nov 88-Nov 89.
Lurmann and Associates, Santa Barbara, CA.
B. Dimitriades, and F. Lurmann. Mar 90,316p EPA/
600/3-90/029
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric
Sciences Research Lab.
Literature review and modeling studies were per-
formed to assess the role of biogenic VOC emissions
in the photochemical ozone problem of urban areas.
The assessment effort focussed specifically on recent
research results reported by Georgia Institute of Tech-
nology (GIT) scientists indicating that biogenic VOC's
in Atlanta reduce substantially the effectiveness of
VOC controls in reducing ambient ozone. The GIT find-
ings were checked for accuracy and for consistency
with previous studies and also for applicability in other
urban areas. EPA and SAI modelers replicated the GIT
modeling study and verified its results and conclu-
sions. A conflict between the GIT study and an earlier
study by others was resolved, further establishing the
validity of the GIT results. Factors affecting the
strength of the biogenic VOC role in the urban ozone
problem were found to be the abundance and reactiv-
ity of biogenic emissions, the prevailing wind speeds
during ozone episodes, the maximum afternoon mixing
height, the size of the urbanized area and perhaps
other factors also.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Air pollution, "Urban areas, "Re-
views, Photochemical reactions, Mathematical
models, Accuracy, Vegetation, Wind velocity. Mixing,
Sources, Nitrogen oxides, Hydrocarbons, Diurnal vari-
ations, Height, Assessments, Tables(Data), Southeast
Region(Umted States), Volatile organic compounds,
Biogenic hydrocarbons, Atlanta(Georgia), Case stud-
ies, Anthropogenic hydrocarbons.
PB90-188871 /HSU	PC A14/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Rocky Mountain Acid Deposition Model Assess-
ment ARM3 Model Performance Evaluation. Final
rept.
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
G. E. Moore, R. E. Morris, S. G. Douglas, and R. E
Kessler. Mar 90,303p EPA/600/3-90/024
Contract EPA-68-02-4187
See also PB89-124408. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Lab.
In general, the model performance statistics indicate
that the performance of the ARMS is as good or better
than the other mesoscale air quality models. However,
care should be taken in the interpretation of these sta-
tistical measures. As noted in the analysis, the per-
formance of a model varies depending on which meas-
ures of model performance are used: the model's abili-
ty to predict observations matched in time and location
or the ability to predict peak observations. Because re-
sources were limited, the evaluation of ARM3 was lim-
ited in scope. In particular, because of a lack of an ap-
propriate data base, the ARM3 could not be evaluated
for its primary purpose, i.e., calculating source-specific
acid deposition impacts in complex terrain. However,
the fact that the model performs as good or better than
existing mesoscale air quality simulation models indi-
cates tnat the model shows some promise for use as a
regulatory decision-making tool and should be further
evaluated and refined.
Keywords: "Atmospheric models, "Meteorology, Per-
formance evaluation, Statistical analysis, Atmospheric
diffusion, Information systems, Nitrogen oxides
Concentration(Composition), "Rocky Mountain
Region(United States), "Air pollution sampling, "Acid
rain, Environment impact assessments, Environmental
transport, Acid Rain Mountain Mesoscale Model, Pol-
lution sources, Complex terrain, Air quality.
PB90-188889/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH
Office of Research and Development.
Performance of Activated Sludge-Powdered Acti-
vated carbon-Wet Air Regeneration Systems.
Final rept.
Montgomery (James M.) Consulting Engineers, Inc
Pasadena, CA.	"
K. J. Deeny, J. A. Heidman, and A. J. Condren. Mar 90
83p* EPA/600/2-90/012	'
Contract EPA-68-03-3429
Prepared in cooperation with Junkins Engineering
Inc., Morgantown, PA. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Office of Research
and Development.
The investigation summarized in the report was under-
taken to evaluate the performance of powdered acti-
vated carbon (PAC) technology used in conjunction
with wet air regeneration (WAR) at municipal
wastewater treatment plants. Excessive ash concen-
trations accumulated in the mixed liquor suspended
solids (MLSS) at all facilities that relied on the WAR
unit blowdown for ash control. A variety of ash control
methods have been implemented and are document-
ed. The nitric acid test for PAC was shown to substan-
tially overestimate PAC concentrations. PAC losses
across WAR or the desirability and economics of re-
covering the volatile suspended solids (VSS) exWna
the WAR reactor could not be quantified. Other arem
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
covered in the report include adsorptive capacity of the
recycled material, tertiary filter performance, metals
accumulation, oxygen transfer, operation and mainte-
nance concerns and economic considerations. The
report includes Appendices submitted by the system
manufacturer that dispute many of the report conclu-
sions and provide alternative explanations for some of
the data obtained.
Keywords: 'Activated carbon treatment, 'Water treat-
ment plants, 'Activated sludge process, 'Sewage
treatment, 'Regeneration(Engineering), Sludge drying,
Waste treatment, Waste disposal, Waste water, Water
pollution.
PB90-188B97/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Separated Glow Conditions at Pipe Walls of Water
Distribution Mains. Final rept.
National Inst, of Standards and Technology, Gaithers-
burg, MD.
L. S. Galowin. Mar 89,106p EPA/600/2-89/007
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The objectives of the research project were to develop
and evaluate a method for determining residence
times for separated recirculation cavity flow condi-
tions, and to determine the rate of growth and surface
ramp contours developed from particulate deposits at
obstacles which induce separation and eddy forma-
tions in water mains used to distribute drinking water.
Resulting biofilm formations contribute to accelerated
corrosion rates, increased flow resistance, and the for-
mation of encrustations and colonization that may lead
to water quality deterioration. The dependency of con-
ditions at the pipe wall on viscous flow parameters was
identified from experiments and analysis of simulated
biological growth and decay rates.
Keywords: 'Public utilities, 'Pipe flow, 'Water distribu-
tion, 'Water pipelines, Biodeterioration, Fluid flow,
Contamination, Scaling, Deposits, Fouling organisms,
Corrosion, 'Water quality maintenance.
PB90-188905/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Tsst and Evaluation of a Polymer Membrane Pre-
eoncsntrator. Final rept.
Radian Corp., Austin, Tx.
K. E. Hummel, and T. P. Nelson. Apr 90,171 p EPA/
600/2-90/016
Contract EPA-68-02-4286
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of an evaluation of the applica-
bility of membrane systems as a preconcentrator and
defines operating parameters of a membrane system.
Advantages of such a system are potential reductions
in cost for subsequent control systems. The evaluation
is part of a joint EPA/California Air Resources Board
investigation of the potential of membrane technology
on volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. Tests
of various membrane materials and configurations
have been conducted. The polymeric membrane has
been used for a number of years as a concentrating
step for various liquid and gaseous streams, including
the removal of large molecule organics from waste
water streams, hydrogen separation, and C02 recov-
ery. A polymer membrane is an ultrathin layer of a se-
lective polymer, supported on a porous sublayer. The
membrane (active layer) selectively filters the pollutant
molecules. A potentially innovative application of
membrane technology may be to concentrate VOCs
from exhaust gases such as solvent oven-drying ex-
haust. A preconcentrator membrane could be used to
reduce the size and, in turn, the capital and operating
costs of a conventional VOC control device such as a
carbon adsorber or Incinerator. Study results do not,
however, verify that a membrane preconcentrator is a
viable option to reduce overall pollution control costs.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control. 'Membranes, 'Con-
centrators, Performance evaluation, Design criteria,
Cost analysis, Forecasting, Capitalized costs. Operat-
ing coats, Separation, Solvents, Composite materials,
'Polymeric films, 'Volatile organic compounds, 'Spiral
wound membranes, Technology utilization, Bench-
scale experiments, Membrane supports.
PB90-191545/HSU	PC A15/MF A02
Guidelines for Effective Management of the Con-
tract Laboratory Program. Part 1. Contract Award.
Part 2. Contract Administration.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Nov 89,346p OERR-9240.0-04-1, OERR-9240.0-04-2
Provides internal guidelines for Superfund Project Offi-
cers in procuring, administering, managing CLP con-
tracts.
Keywords: 'Laboratories, Acquisition, Contracted
services, Government procurement, Contract adminis-
tration, 'Superfund program, 'Contract Laboratory
Program, Organization and administration, US EPA.
PB90-191750/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Technology Evaluation Report: SITE Program
Demonstration Test, Solidltech, Inc., Solidifica-
tion/Stabilization Process. Volume 1.
PRC Environmental Management, Inc., Chicago, IL.
W. E. Grube. Feb 90,138p EPA/540/5-89/005A
Contract EPA-68-03-3484
See also Volume 2, PB90-191768. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Re-
duction Engineering Lab.
The primary objective of the Soliditech, Inc. solidifica-
tion/stabilization demonstration was to develop reli-
able performance and cost information. The demon-
stration took place at the Imperial Oil Company/Cham-
K'on Chemical Company Superfund site in Morganville,
ew Jersey. Contamination at this site includes PCBs,
various metals, and oil and grease. The Soliditech
process mixes the waste matenal with Urrichem, a pro-
prietary reagent; proprietary additives: pozzolanic ma-
terials or cement (cement was used for the demonstra-
tion); and water, in an open-topped concrete mixer.
The technical criteria used to evaluate the effective-
ness of the Soliditech process were contaminant mo-
bility, based upon leaching and permeability tests; and
the structural integrity of ine solidified material, based
upon physical and morphological tests. The treated
wastes had significant structural integrity, low perme-
ability, and higher bulk density than the untreated
wastes. pH values of the treated wastes were highly in-
fluenced by alkalinity of the Portland cement added
during treatment. Documentation will consist of two re-
ports. This one is the Technology Evaluation Report
that describes the field activities and laboratory re-
sults.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Hazardous materials,
'Solidification, 'Stabilization, Performance evaluation,
Cost analysis, Cements, Leaching, Greases, Oils,
Metals, Permeability, Physical tests, Morphology,
Density(Mass/volume), pH, Chemical tests, Site sur-
veys, 'Technology utilization, 'Superfund Innovative
Technology Evaluation Program, 'Soliditech process,
Polychlorinated biphenyls, Urrichem, Encapsulation,
Environmental transport.
PB80-191768/HSU	PC A99/MF A04
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Technology Evaluation Report: SITE Program
Demonstration Test, Soliditech, Inc. Solidifica-
tion/Stabilization Process. Volume 2.
PRC Environmental Management, Inc., Chicago, IL.
W. E. Grube. Feb 90,675p EPA/540/5-89/005B
Contract EPA-68-03-3484
See also Volume 1, PB90-191750.Portk>ns of this doc-
ument are not fully legible. Sponsored by Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction
Engineering Lab.
The primary objective of the Soliditech, Inc. solidifica-
tion/stabilization demonstration was to develop reli-
able performance and cost information. The demon-
stration took place at the Imperial Oil Company/Cham-
Rlon Chemical Company Superfund site in Morganville,
lew Jersey. Contamination at this site includes PCBs,
various metals, and oil and grease. The Soliditech
process mixes the waste matenal with Urrichem, a pro-
prietary reagent; proprietary additives; pozzolanic ma-
terials or cement (cement was used for the demonstra-
tion); and water, in an open-topped concrete mixer.
The technical criteria used to evaluate the effective-
ness of the Soliditech process were contaminant mo-
bility, based upon leaching and permeability tests; and
the structural integrity of the solidified material, based
upon physical and morphological tests. The treated
wastes had significant structural integrity, low perme-
ability, and higher bulk density than the untreated
wastes. pH values of the treated wastes were highly in-
fluenced by alkalinity of the portland cement added
during treatment. Documentation will consist of two re-
ports. This one is the Application Analysis Report that
provides an interpretation of the data, and discusses
the potential applicability of the technology.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, "Hazardous materials,
'Solidification, 'Stabilization, Performance evaluation.
Data processing, Tables(Data), Quality assurance,
Quality control, Field tests, Cements, Leaching, Per-
meability, Physical tests, Chemical tests, Experimental
design, Metals, Greases, Oils, 'Technology utilization,
'Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation Pro-
gram, 'Soliditech process, Polychlorinated biphenyls,
Urrichem, Encapsulation, Environmental transport.
PB90-191776/HSU	PC A16/MF A02
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Single-Laboratory Evaluation of Method 8060:
Phthalate Esters.
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA.
V. Lopez-Avila, F. Constantino, J. Milanes, and R.
Gale. Mar 90,355p EPA/600/4-89/039
Contracts EPA-68-03-3226, EPA-68-03-3511
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Method 8060 of EPA Manual SW 846 has been evalu-
ated in a single laboratory. Modifications made to the
current method include expansion of the list of target
compounds from 6 to 16; replacement of the packed
gas chromatographic columns with two fused-silica
open tubular columns of dissimilar stationary phases;
changes of the GC conditions to allow primary and
confirmatory analyses to be conducted simultaneous-
ly; and modification of the cleanup procedure to allow
use of commercially available Florisil cartridges. Possi-
ble internal standard and surrogate compounds were
identified. The revised method was tested with a varie-
ty of sample matrices.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, Gas chromatography,
Tables(Data), Mass spectroscopy, Tests, 'Phthalate
acid esters.
PB90-191784/HSU	PC A11/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Analysis of Acid Precipitation Samples Collected
by State Agencies: January-December 1988.
Annual rept.
Global Geochemistry Corp., Canoga Park, CA.
L. S. Shepard. Mar 90,250p EPA/600/3-90/028
Contract EPA-68-02-4454
See also report for 1987, PB89-155279.Portions of this
document are not fully legible. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assess-
ment Lab.
The report presents analytical data from the 30 acid
precipitation collection sites in the State-Operated
Network. Samples are collected weekly in plastic bag
liners and shipped in 500 mL polyethylene bottles to
Global Geochemistry Corporation (the central labora-
tory for the network). The report contains maps show-
ing the location of each site, plots of analytical data,
tables of all field and analytical data, plots comparing
field and laboratory pH and conductivity, and informa-
tion on data quality. Samples are analyzed for pH,
strong acid, conductivity, fluoride, chloride, nitrite,
phosphate, bromide, nitrate, sulfate, ammonium,
sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. The
central laboratory renders technical assistance to the
collection sites on problems concerning pH and con-
ductivity. Each of the 11 participating state agencies
receives analytical reports for the samples analyzed
the previous month. Analyte concentration data are
?sht to the Add Deposition System (ADS) for inclusion
in the National Acid Precipitation Data Base.
Keywords:	*States(Unlted	States),
'Precipitation(Meteorology), 'Site surveys, Acidifica-
tion, Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition),
Graphs(Charts), Quality control, Chemical analysis, In-
organic phosphates, Sodium, Calcium, Potassium, Ni-
trogen inorganic compounds, Field tests, Maps, pH,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Sample preparation, Halides, "Acid rain, 'Air pollution
sampling, *Air pollution detection.
PB90-191966/HSU	PC A10/MF A02
Emergency Response Cleanup Services Con-
tracts (ERCS). Users Manual.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Oct 87,21 Op OSWER DIRECTIVE 9242.2-01 B
The report provides information to assist EPA Head-
quarters and Regional personnel, and personnel from
other Federal agencies (e.g., U.S. Coast Guard) au-
thorized to use trie ERCS contracts efficiently and ef-
fectively. In addition, the users' manual discusses co-
ordinating the use of the ERCS contracts with other
entities involved with the Superfund program.
Keywords: "Emergencies, 'Hazardous materials,
•Contract administration, Government agencies, Serv-
ice contracts, Manuals, Contractors, Selection, Moni-
toring, Financial management, Performance evalua-
tion, Requirements, State government, National gov-
ernment, Local government, Superfund program,
'Cleanup, Remedial action.
PB90-191962/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Progress In the Prevention and Control of Air Pol-
lution In 1988: Report to Congress. Annual rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jan 90,181p* EPA/450/2-90/007
See also PB89-196398.
Contents'. Air Quality Trends, Monitoring, and Model-
ing; Air Pollution Research Programs; Development of
National Ambient Air; Quality Standards; Assessment
and Control of Toxic Air Pollutants; Status of Air Qual-
ity Management Programs; Control of Stationary
Source Emissions; Stationary Source Compliance;
Control of Mobile Source Emissions; Stratospheric
Ozone Protection; Indoor Air Quality; Acid Deposition;
Radon Assessment and Remediation; Litigation.
Keywords-. 'Research projects, 'Air pollution control,
Air quality, Trends, Law enforcement, Standards,
Ozone, Hydrocarbons, National government, Regula-
tions, Industries, State government, Mathematical
models, Stratosphere, Management, Clean Air Act,
Acid precipitation, Indoor air pollution.
PB90-192006/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Field Evaluation of a High Volume Surface Sam-
pler for Pesticides In Floor Dust. Final rept. 1 Jan-
31 Aug 88.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
W. T. Budd, J. W. Roberts, and M. G. Ruby. Mar 90,
54p EPA/600/3-90/030
Contract EPA-68-02-4544
Prepared In cooperation with Environmetrics, Seattle,
WA. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research
and Exposure Assessment Lab.
House dust and the pollutants carried with it are impor-
tant contributors to total exposure through the path-
ways of ingestion, inhalation, and skin penetration, es-
pecially for small children. Pesticides may be one of
the more important contaminants of house dust. The
report describes a pilot study conducted in 9 homes in
Jacksonville, Florida, which provides preliminary infor-
mation on the pesticide content of floor dust. Both the
questionnaire developed for the Nonoccupational Pes-
ticide Exposure Study (NOPES) and a supplemental
questionnaire were administered in each household to
develop information on pesticide usage and other vari-
ables that might be related to the floor dust samples.
All samples were collected from carpeted surfaces.
The samples were analyzed tor 33 pesticides by GC /
ECD and GC/MS following the NOPES standard pro-
cedures. On average, 7 to 8 target pesticides were ob-
served in the indoor air samples and 11 to 12 in the
floor dust. The most consistently observed pesticides
were chlorpyrifos, with a median concentration ot
about 5 ppm in the dust, and chlordane, with a median
concentration of approximately 6 ppm.
Keywords: 'Samplers, 'Dust, 'Residential buildings,
Exposure, Children, Ingestion(Biology), Skin diseases,
Collecting	methods,	Floors,
Concentration(Composition), Field tests, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Photographs, Tables(Data), Ques-
tionnaires, 'Indoor air pollution, 'Pesticide residues,
Path of pollutants, Jacksonville(Florida).
PB90-192014/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Field Demonstration for Mobile FT-IR for Detec-
tion of Volatile Organic Chemicals.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
W. G. Fateley, R. M. Hammaker, and D. F. Gurka. Mar
90,116p EPA/600/4-90/008
Prepared in cooperation with Kansas State Univ., Man-
hattan. Dept. of Chemistry.
A mobile laboratory is now available to measure toxic
compounds in the atmosphere. The mobility of the unit
allows access to many sites in the continental United
States. When the laboratory arrives at a designated
site, a high resolution Fourier transform (FT-IR) instru-
ment is used to measure the toxic materials, or volatile
organic compounds, in the atmosphere. The site could
be a landfill, lagoon, industrial site, chemical spill or
any area where atmospheric pollution occurs. The FT-
IR instrument is capable of identifying and quantifying
atmospheric molecules at the parts per billion (ppb)
level. The path observed by the instrument could be as
small as a few meters, or as large as 600 meters In
length, nearly 2,000 feet.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Infrared detectors, 'Air pollu-
tion, 'United States, Field tests, Mobile equipment,
Laboratories, Sites, Earth fills, Lagoons(Ponds), Indus-
trial wastes, Estimates, Identifying, Atmospheric com-
position, Distance, Calibrating, Spectrum signatures,
Absorption, Fourier transformations, 'Volatile organic
compounds, Chemical spills, Case studies.
PB90-192022/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Strategies for the Development of Climate Sce-
narios for Impact Assessment. Phase 1. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
P. J. Robinson, and P. L. Finkelstein. Mar 90,82p
EPA/600/3-90/026
Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill. Dept. of Geography.
In order to create a strategy for the development of cli-
mate scenarios for use in impact assessment, poten-
tial techniques of development were reviewed and the
information needs of potential users assessed. Avail-
able techniques were assessed through literature re-
views and consultations with scenario development
experts. Techniques were divided into ten modules,
groups of techniques with similar methodologies, input
requirements and output formats. User needs were as-
sessed in consultation with selected individuals who
had experience in the use of scenarios. The major
needs were revealed to be for general descriptive sta-
tistics of the major climatic elements, for information
about climatic anomalies, notably drought, for statis-
tics on the frequency and probability of events exceed-
ing particular thresholds, and for general information
about storminess. The results of the two sets of as-
sessments are combined to provide a scenario devel-
opment strategy.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Climate, 'Climat-
ic changes, Methodology, Weather forecasting, As-
sessments, Statistical data, Storms, Abnormalities,
Droughts, Turbulence, Boundary layer, Atmospheric
circulation, Models, Data acquisition. Research
projects, Questionnaires, Scenarios, User needs,
Global.
PB90-192055/HSU	PC A14/MF A02
Superfund Removal Procedures: Revision
Number Three.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Feb 88,31 Bp OSWER DIRECTIVE-9360.0-03B
See also PB90-153891.
The report provides the EPA response officials with a
uniform, Agency-wide guidance on removal actions.
Also included are National Contingency Plan defini-
tions relevant to the program, removal policies as de-
termined by OERR, and step-by-step directions for
preparation and approval of documentation are ad-
dressed.
Keywords: 'Removal, 'Hazardous materials, Instruc-
tions, Response, Government policies, Civilian per-
sonnel, Statutes, National government, State govern-
ment, Agreements, Contracts, Public health, Safety,
Cost analysis, Requirements, 'Superfund, Cleanup,
Emergencies, Remedial action.
PB90-192758/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Composite Sampling for Detection of CoHform
Bacteria In Water Supply.
Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA. Civil Enginering and En-
vironmental Sciences Inst.
W. O. Pipes, and H. A. Minnigh. Apr 90,57p EPA/600/
2-90/014
Grant EPA-R-813337
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
Low densities of coliform bacteria introduced into dis-
tribution systems may survive in protected habitats.
These organisms may interfere with and cause confu-
sion in the use of the coliforms as indicators of sewage
contamination of drinking water. Methods of increasing
the probability ot coliform detection include examina-
tion of (1) larger volume samples, (2) a larger number
of samples, and (3) composite samples. Tne first two
methods can be achieved by increasing the amount of
sampling and will increase the probability of detecting
coliform bacteria. Project objectives were to mathe-
matically model the detection of very low densities of
coliform bacteria, develop and test equipment for com-
posite sampling of potable water, verify the mathemati-
cal models in laboratory and field studies, and deter-
mine if composite sampling increases the actual prob-
ability of finding coliforms. Field sampling was con-
ducted in two water distribution systems, West Chester
and Downington, PA, to test the use of the composite
sampler.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, "Coliform bacteria, 'Dis-
tribution systems, 'Water supply, Sampling, Indicator
species, Sewage, Detection, Test methods,
Density(Mass/VoTume), Samplers, Mathematical
models, Laboratories, Field tests, Drinking water, West
ChesterlPennsylvania).
PB90-192786/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Development of Protocols for Chronic Toxicity
Testing of Pacific Marine Species.
Oregon State Univ., Newport. Hatfield Marine Science
Center.
C. J. Langdon, W. K. Seim, R. L. Hoffman, and L.
Weber. Mar 90,104p ERLN-NX09, EPA/600/9-90/
014
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Narra-
gansett, Rl.
The development of a year-round capability for con-
ducting short-term toxicity tests for estimating chronic
effect levels of toxic materials with a native Pacific
coast fish and a native Pacific coast mysid shrimp was
the goal of the project. In order to achieve acceptable
sensitivity as a surrogate for a chronic toxicity teste,
targeting the reproductive portion of the mysid Hfe
cycle and all or part of the embryonic, larval, or early
post-larval portion of the fish life cycle was deemed
necessary. This targeting is consistent with conclu-
sions based upon earlier work in developing similar
tests with Atlantic coast, Gulf coast, and freshwater
fish and invertebrates.
Keywords: 'Marine fishes, 'Toxicity, 'Water pollution
'Coasts, Tests, Shrimps, Bioascay, Embryos, Larvae'
Life cycles, Reproduction(Biology), Bass, Collecting
methods, Pacific Ocean, Mysidopsis intii.
PB90-192774/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
National Dloxln Study-Phase 2. Analytical Prog*,
dures and Quality Assurance Plan (or the Deter-
mination of PCDD/PCDF In Fish.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Mar 90,40p EPA/600/3-90/022
See also PB90-192782.
The report describes the analytical procedures and
quality assurance plan used for the determination of
polycnlorlnated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurana
in fish for Phase II of the U.S. EPA National Dtoxtn
Study. These methods are based upon compound
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
identification and quantification by gas chromatogra-
phy-mass spectrometry.
Keywords: 'Fishes, Mass spectrometry, Pesticides,
Aromatic poiycylic hydrocarbons, Tabies(Data), Gas
chromatography, 'Xenobiotics, 'Chemical water pol-
lutants, 'Dioxin, "Dibenzofurans, 'Polychlorinated di-
benzo-p-dioxins.
PB90-192782/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Analytical Procedures and Quality Assurance Plan
for the Determination of Xenoblotlc Chemical
Contaminant* In Fish. National Dioxin Study.
Phase 2.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Dec 89,32p EPA/600/3-90/023
See also PB90-192774.
The report describes the analytical procedures and
quality assurance plan used for the determination of
xenobiotic chemical contaminants including select
pesticides, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, and
polychlorinated biphenyls for Phase II of the U.S. EPA
National Dioxin Study. These methods are based upon
compound identification and quantification by gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Keywords: 'Fishes, Mass spectrometry, Pesticides,
Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Tables(Data), Gas
chromatography, 'Xenobiotics, 'Chemical water pol-
lutants, 'Dioxin.
PB90-1S2790/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Guides to Pollution Prevention: The Peetlclde For-
mulating Industry.
Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc., Pasadena, CA.
Feb 90,61 p EPA/625/7-90/004
Contract EPA-68-02-4286
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
Pesticide formulating facilities generate wastes during
such operations as decontamination of mixing ana
storage equipment, housekeeping, and laboratory
testing for quality assurance. The wastes generated
are: containers with leftover raw materials, pesticide
dust and scrubber water from air pollution control
equipment, volatile organic compounds, off-specifica-
tion products and laboratory analysis wastes, spills,
waste sands or clays, waste rinse water and solvent,
laundry wastewater, and stormwater run-off contami-
nated with pesticides. Reducing the generation of
these wastes at the source, or recycling the wastes on-
or off-site, will benefit pesticide manufacturers by re-
ducing raw material needs, reducing disposal costs,
and lowering the liabilities associated with hazardous
waste disposal.
Keywords: 'Manufacturing, 'Pesticides, 'Pollution
control. Instructions, Operations, Mixing, Dust, Air pol-
lution control, Equipment, Containers, Laboratories,
Cleaning. Reduction, Chemical spills, 'Volatile organic
compounds, 'Recycling.
PS0O-192M8/HSU	PC A18/MF A02
Plait physiology, Rah Toxicology, and Fisheries
Management: Proceedings of an International
Symposium, Guangzhou, PRC, September 14-16,
1988.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA. Office of
Research and Development.
R. C. Ryans. Mar 90,359p EPA/600/9-90/011
Scientists from eight countries presented papers at the
drat International Symposium on Fish Physiology, Fish
Toxicology, and Fisheries Management, whicn was
held on tne campus of Zhongshan University, Guangz-
hou, PRC. The proceedings includes 30 papers pre-
sented in sessions on the reproduction and growth of
fish; on the physiology, behavior and genetics of fish;
and on toxicology and risk assessment in aquatic sys-
tems. Papers address hormone functions, sex manipu-
lation In aquaculture, cloning and induced breeding in
f)8h calcium and phosphorus requirements, fish diets
and' metabolism, and utilization of Inorganic nitrogen.
Descriptions are provided concerning research on gas
transfer, gill ventilation control, carbon dioxide effects,
ammonia effects, environmental acidification effects,
ohototaxls, sex pheromones effects, gonad matura-
tion antifreeze protein genes, and bloenergetics mod-
egng. Presentations also covered fish conservation,
water quality protection, predictions of chronic effects
levels, chemical toxicity, and toxicant modeling.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Physiology, 'Meetings,
'Fisheries, Diet, Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), Animal
behavior, Reproduction(Biology), Genetics, 'Foreign
technology, Risk assessment, Water pollution
effects(Animals).
PB90-193004/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Superfund Automated Records of Decision
System (RODS): Users Manual.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Aug 88,164p EPA/540/G-89/005
Also available from Supt. of Docs.
Provides instructions for using the Agency's ROD da-
tabase for planning a course of action to clean up a
Superfund site proposed or listed on the NPL.
Keywords: 'Manuals, 'Data processing, 'Cleanup,
'Computer programs, Hazardous materials, Waste
disposal, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial actions,
'Records of decision system.
PB90-193012/HSU	PC A11/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Superfund Comprehenalve Accomplishments Plan
(SCAP) Manual. Fiscal Year 1988. Final.
Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., Bethesda, MD.
Dec 87,232p
Contract EPA-68-01 -7376
Also pub. as OSWER DIRECTIVE-9200.3-01A. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, DC. Office of Emergency ana Remedial Re-
sponse.
The report discusses the relationships among the
major Superfund program management tools. The
manual, commonly known as the 'SCAP', identifies
program goals and priorities, translates program prior-
ities into targets and measures that are planned and
tracked through the Superfund Comprehensive Ac-
complishments Plan (SCAP), uses targets and meas-
ures to allocate resources, and uses the evaluation
process to determine whether program goals are
being met.
Keywords: 'Project planning, 'Management, Manuals,
Objectives, Financial management, Allocations,
States(United States), Law enforcement. Sites, As-
sessments, Facilities, Inspection, Evaluation, 'Super-
fund program, Priorities, Environmental Protection
Agency.
PB90-193053/HSU	PC A12/MF A02
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA. Office of
Research and Development.
Data Base Analyser and Parameter Estimator
|DBAPE) Interactive Computer Program. User's
AQUA TERRA Consultants, Decatur, GA.
J. C. Imhoff, R. F. Carsel, J. L Kittle, and P. R.
Hummel. Jan 90,260p EPA/600/3-89/083
Contract EPA-68-03-3513
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Athens,
GA. Office of Research and Development
The Data Base Analyzer and Parameter Estimator
(DBAPE) is an interactive computer program that pro-
vides a link between two of EPA's development prod-
ucts - an environmental model and a data base.
DBAPE waa created to encourage and support the use
of the RUSTIC model, a newly developed model that
simulates the transport of field-applied pesticides in
the crop root zone, the unsaturated zone, and the
saturated zone. DBAPE provides an efficient means to
obtain soils and meteorologic data needed to run
RUSTIC from a data base that contains information on
over 8000 agricultural soils and 200 meteorological
stations located throughout the contiguous United
States. Soils-related RUSTIC input that can be ob-
tained by using DBAPE includes percent organic
matter, wilting point, field capacity, residual water con-
tent, saturated hydraulic conductivity and values for
the van Genuchten parameters for the soli-water char-
acteristic function. Meteorologic data that can be ob-
tained include precipitation, air temperature, pan evap-
oration, solar radiation, and windspeed. These mete-
orologic data are not distributed with DBAPE because
of their volume. DBAPE, however, allows the user to
identify weather stations near his/her study sites.
Meteorologic data for these stations then can be ob-
tained from the EPA's Environmental Research Labo-
ratory, Athens GA.
Keywords: 'Agriculture, "Weather stations, "Analyz-
ers, Meteorological data, Pesticides, Soil analysis, Es-
timators, Data links, "Environment models, "Data base
management systems, User manuals(Computer pro-
grams), Rustic model.
PB90-194705/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Treatability of RCRA Compounds In a BOD/Nltrtfl-
cation Wastewater Treatment System with Dual
Media Filtration.
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Dept. of Civil and Environmental
Engineering.
S. I. Safferman, and S. K. Bhattacharya. Apr 90,92p
EPA/600/2-90/013
Contract EPA-68-03-4038
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The study investigates the treatability and fate of 28 or-
ganic RCRA compounds in a combined organic re-
moval and nitrification process and by secondary efflu-
ent gravity filtration. A 3.8 l/min pilot-scale extended
aeration wastewater treatment system with dual media
effluent filter was utilized for the study. At a total con-
centration of approximately 1.5 mg/l organics (sum of
the concentration of all 28 RCRA compounds) into the
aeration basin, most of the compounds were removed
to below detectable limits by secondary treatment
under either acclimated or unacclimated conditions.
The effectiveness of the effluent filter in removing or-
ganic compounds could not be assessed as most of
the compounds entering the filter were already re-
duced to below detectable levels. Ammonia removal
was significantly impaired at a total concentration of
19.2 mg/L organics into the aeration basin. COD re-
duction was apparently not inhibited at any of the spike
concentrations tested.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Sewage treatment,
'Nitrification, Pilot plants, Organic compounds, Re-
moval, Sewage filtration, Aeration, Lagoons(Ponds),
Concentration(Composition), Effectiveness, Phenol,
Toluene, Assessments, Feasibility, Tables(Data), Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act and Amend-
ments, Chemical oxygen demand.
PB90-194721/HSU	PC AD5/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Superfund Technical Assistance Grants Program:
Regional Guidance Manual.
ICF, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
Jul 88,94p
Contract EPA-68-01 -7389
Also pub. as OSWER DIRECTIVE-9230.1-04. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, DC. Office of Emergency and Remedial Re-
sponse.
Section 117(e) of the Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980
(CERCLA), as amended, states that technical assist-
ance grants can be made to 'any group of individuals
which may be affected by a release or threatened re-
lease at any facility which is listed on the National Pri-
orities List (NPL)' Affected groups eligible for technical
assistance grants are those that can demonstrate,
among other things, that their members face actual or
potential health, economic, or environmental threats
arising from a release or threatened release at a facility
listed on the NPL or proposed for listing where a re-
sponse action is underway. CERCLA, as amended, au-
thorizes a maximum technical assistance grant of up to
$50,000 per site for the duration of site response ac-
tivities. Citizens' groups are required to provide match-
ing funds. Only one grant may be awarded for any eligi-
ble NPL site. If more than one group intends to apply
for the available grant at a site, the groups should be
encouraged to consolidate and submit one application.
Grants will be used for the purpose of obtaining techni-
cal assistance to interpret information related to Su-
perfund response activities at a site.
Keywords: 'Pollution control, 'Hazardous materials,
'Grants, Manuals, Technical assistance, Availability,
States(United States), Financing, Interactions, Utiliza-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tion, Management, Letters, 'Superfund program, EPA
Regions.
PB90-194754/HSU	PC A18/MF AOS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Industrial Wastewater Volatile Organic Compound
Emissions. Background Information for BACT/
LAER Determinations.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. Elliott, and S. Watkins. Jan 90,402p EPA/450/3-
90/004
Contract EPA-68-02-4378
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The purpose of the Control Technology Center (CTC)
is to provide technical information to States on esti-
mating and controlling volatile organic compounds
(VOC) emissions from the collection and treatment of
industrial wastewaters for Best Available Control
Technology (BACT) and Lowest Achievable Emission
Rate (LAER) determinations. Technical guidance
projects, focus on topics of national or regional interest
that are identified through contact with State and Local
agencies. The document addresses new and modified
major sources, as defined in Parts C and D of the
Clean Air Act (CAA). Steam stripping to remove the or-
ganic compounds in certain wastewater streams at the
point of generation (prior to contacting the atmos-
phere) is the recommended control strategy. The doc-
ument presents a description of the sources of organic
containing wastewater, VOC emission estimation pro-
cedures for treatment and collection system units, and
available VOC emission control strategies.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Air pollution
control, Waste water, Estimates, Removal, Organic
compounds, Volatile organic compounds, Stream
stripping, Best available technology.
PB90-194796/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Downward Trend In Passenger Car Fuel Economy:
A View of Recent Data. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology and Applications Branch.
J. D. Murrell, and R. M. Heavenrich. Jan 90,15p EPA/
AA/CTAB-90/01
See also PB89-215396.
Last year's technology and miles per gallon automo-
tive trend report noted an 0.4 mile per gallon decline in
average passenger car fuel economy from 1988. Re-
garded as possibly just a one-time blip in the curve, the
decline was neither emphasized nor subject to any
close scrutiny. The model year 1990 data is in, and it
shows another decline in fuel economy-it is now a
two-year trend. 11 this backslide continues, problems
with nationwide fuel consumption will increase and
global warming trends will worsen at a pace faster than
is generally being assumed by analysts. Thus it is ap-
propriate to explore some of the characteristics of, and
causes for, of the downward miles per gallon trend.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, 'Gaso-
line engines, Automotive engineering, Trends, Passen-
ger vehicles, Mechanical efficiency, Tables(Data).
PB90-19S264/HSU	PC A10/MF A02
environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA
Region X.
BuiId Inlet Action Plan: Initial Data Summaries and
Problem Identification. Final rept.
Tetra Tech, Inc., Bellevue, WA.
Apr 88,209p TETRAT-TC-3338-27, EPA/910/9-88/
230
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency. Seat-
tle, WA. Region X.
The report provides a synthesis of information describ-
ing the geographic extent and severity of estuarine
contamination in Budd Inlet within Puget Sound in
Washington State. Summaries of existing data are pro-
vided for chemical contamination of sediment and
biota, microbial contamination, eutrophication and
contaminant sources. Original, summarized, tabulated,
and mapped data are presented. The objective of the
Data Summaries and Problem Identification report is to
provide a mechanism for comprehensively evaluating
pollution problems in the more urbanized embayments
and for providing a basis for prioritizing corrective ac-
tions. A decision making framework is presented for
evaluating and prioritizing both sub-areas within Budd
Inlet and specific contaminant sources. The decision
making framework includes a review and quality assur-
ance check of all available environmental data: analy-
ses of spatial and temporal trends of chemical, micro-
bial, and eutrophic contamination: a limited ranking of
the problem areas; and identification of data gaps and
provision of recommendations for improved character-
ization of specific pollution sources.
Keywords: 'Site surveys, 'Budd Inlet, 'Estuaries,
"Chemical compounds, 'Sediments, 'Water quality
management, Puget Sound, Washington(State), Man-
agement planning, Decision making, Spatial distribu-
tion,	Sources,	Microorganisms,
Concentration(Composition), Toxicity, Urban areas,
Tables(Data), Benthos, Data processing, 'Water pollu-
tion sampling, 'Ecosystems, Sewage treatment plants,
Biological effects, Comprehensive planning, Eutroph-
ication.
PB90-19S389/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Performance Evaluation at a Long-Term Food
Processing Land Treatment Site. Final rept. Sep
87-Mar 90.
Dynamac Corp., Rockville, MD.
D. J. Tedaldi, and R. C. Loehr. Apr 90,169p EPA/600/
1-90/006
Contract EPA-68-01-7266
Prepared in cooperation with Texas Univ. at Austin.
Environmental and Water Resources Engineering
Group. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental
Research Lab., Ada, OK.
The objective of the project was to determine the per-
formance of a fullscale, operating overland flow land
(OLF) treatment system treating nonhazardous waste.
The long-term operation and performance data indi-
cated that the OLF system consistently achieved a
very high level of treatment and pollutant removal,
from a surface discharge standpoint. With respect to a
control area, located at the OLF site but not subjected
to wastewater application or impacts, the accumula-
tion of organic carbon, potassium, zinc, and nickel in
the soil at wastewater application areas was evident,
as well as the apparent leach of calcium, sodium, sul-
fate. Neither accumulation nor leaching of chromium,
magnesium, and chloride were evident Although the
accumulation of zinc and nickel was evident, tne cu-
mulative soil concentrations were well below EPA rec-
ommended limits, and several hundred years of con-
tinued site use may be expected at present loading
rates. Groundwater below the OLF site was moderate-
ly saline due to the presence of sodium, calcium, mag-
nesium, chloride, and sulfate. No purgeable or extract-
able organics were detected. Geochemical data indi-
cates the enhanced dissolution and leaching of natu-
rally present soil minerals is due to the infiltration of
large volumes of treated wastewater.
Keywords: 'Industrial waste treatment, 'Waste water,
Performance evaluation, Mass balances, Leaching,
Water quality, Water pollution, 'Food processing in-
dustries, 'Environmental impact assessments,
'Ground disposal, 'Overland flow land treatment, Re-
sources Conservation and Recovery Act of 1984,
Compliances, Comprehensive planning, Land pollu-
tion.
PB90-195587/HSU	PC A99/MF A04
Air Quality Criteria for Carbon Monoxide. Draft
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
M. C. Dodge, H. G. Richter, A. P. Altshuller, and J. J.
Bufalini. Mar 90,733p ECAO-R-0073, EPA/600/8-90/
045A
Prepared in cooperation with NSI Technology Services
Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The revised air quality criteria document for carbon
monoxide (CO) reviews and evaluates the scientific in-
formation on the health effects associated with expo-
sure to the concentrations of CO found in ambient air.
Although the document is not intended to be an ex-
haustive literature review, it is intended to cover all the
pertinent literature through late 1989. The references
cited in the document are, therefore, reflective of the
current state of knowledge on those issues relevant to
the subsequent review of the national ambient air qual-
ity standards (NAAQS) for CO, currently set at 9 ppm
(10 mg/cu m) for 8 h and 35 ppm (40 mg/cu m) for 1 h.
Major gaps in knowledge also are identified. Although
emphasis is placed on the presentation of health ef-
fects data, other scientific data are presented and
evaluated in order to provide a better understanding of
the nature, sources, distribution, measurement, and
concentrations of CO in the environment, as well as
the measurement of population exposure to CO.
Keywords: "Carbon monoxide, 'Public health, Expo-
sure, Concentration(Composition), Atmospheric diffu-
sion, Toxicity, Greenhouse effect. Atmospheric
models, Chemical properties, Trends, Population, *Air
quality, 'Air pollution effects(Humans), Air pollution
standards, 'Occupational safety and health, Indoor air
pollution, Global aspects, Air pollution sampling. Pollu-
tion sources, Biological effects, Risk assessment,
Mass balance.
PB90-195603/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Radon-Measurement Comparison Study, Butte,
Montana-68 Homes.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Jan 90,114p EPA/520/1-89/034
The report is the result of an EPA, Office of Radiation
Programs study to evaluate sampling and measure-
ment procedures for determining average radon and
radon decay product concentrations in houses. The
report presents the study results and enough informa-
tion to allow a reader to use and analyze the data. The
study plan is described, including the roles of key par-
ticipants and factors in the study's design. Quality as-
surance issues, including the calibration of the instru-
ments, their precision, and intercomparisons among
laboratories participating in the study are discussed.
Keywords: 'Montana, 'Radon, Radon isotopes,
Tables(Data), Quality assurance, Study design.
PB90-195736/HSU	PC E99/MF EM
EIS (Environmental Impact Statement) NESHAPS
(National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutants) for Radionuclides.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Sep 89,1732p-in 4v*
Set includes PB90-195744 through PB90-195777.
The Environmental Protection Agency is promulgating
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollut-
ants (NESHAPs) for Radionuclides. An Environmental
Impact Statement (EIS) has been prepared in support
of the rulemaking. The EIS consists of the following
three volumes: Volume I - Risk Assessment Methodol-
ogy. The document contains chapters on hazard Iden-
tification, movement of radionuclides through environ-
mental pathways, radiation dosimetry, estimating the
risk of health effects resulting from exposure to low
levels of Ionizing radiation, and a summary of the un-
certainties in calculations of dose and risks. Volume II -
Risk Assessments. The document contains a chapter
on each radionuclide source category studied! The
chapters include an introduction, category description
process description, control technology, health impact
assessment, supplemental control technology, and
cost. It has an appendix which contains the inputs to all
the computer runs used to generate the risk assess-
ment. Volume lit - Economic Assessment The docu-
ment has chapters on each radionuclide source cate-
gory studied. Each chapter includes an introduction, in-
dustry profile, summary of emissions, risk levels, the
benefits and costs of emission controls, and economic
impact evaluations.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements, *Air
pollution, Radioactive contaminants, Radiation protec-
tion, Economic analysis, 'Radioactive aerosols, 'Risk
assessment, Health risks, Costs.
PB90-195744/HSU	PC A12/MF A02
Rlak Assessments Methodology. Environmental
Impact Statement. NESHAPS (National Emission
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants) for Ra-
dionuclides. Background Information Document
Volume 1.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Sep 89,269p* EPA/520/1-89/005
See also Volume 2, PB90-195751.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E98/MF ebb
PB90-195736.	•
The publication contains information on hazard Identi-
fication, movement of radionuclides through environ.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
mental pathways, radiation dosimetry, estimating the
risk of health effects resulting from exposure to low
levels of ionizing radiation, and a summary of the un-
certainties in calculations of dose risks.
Keywords: "Environmental impact statements, * Air
pollution, Ionizing radiation, Radioactive contaminants,
Radiation protection, Dosimetry, 'Radioactive aero-
sols, 'Risk assessment, Radionuclide migration,
Health risks, Radiation doses, Uncertainty.
PB90-19S751/HSU	PC A24/MF AOS
Risk Assessments Environmental Impact State-
ment. NESHAPS (National Emission Standards (or
Hazardous Air Pollutants) for Radionuclides.
Background Information Document. Volume 2.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Sep 89, 563p* EPA/520/1-89/006-1
See also Volume 1, PB90-195744 and Volume 2, Ap-
pendixes, PB90-195769.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-195736.
The publication contains a chapter on each radionu-
clide source category studied. The chapters include an
introduction, category description, process descrip-
tion, control technology, health impact assessment,
supplemental control technology, and cost. It has an
appendix which contains the inputs to all the computer
runs used to generate the risk assessment.
Keywords: 'Environmental Impact statements, 'Air
pollution, Radioactive contaminants, Boilers, Sources,
Radon, 'Radioactive aerosols, 'Risk assessment, US
DOE, US NRC, Fuel cycle centers, Health risks, Phos-
phorus plants, Feed materials plants, Radioactive
waste facilities, Uranium mills, Uranium mines, Mill tail-
ings.
PB90-195769/HSU	PC A16/MF A02
Risk Assessments Appendixes Environmental
impact Statement. NESHAPS (National Emission
Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants) for Ra-
dionuclides. Background Information Document
Volume 2. Appendixes.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Sep 89,364p* EPA/520/1-89/006-2
gtrtf also volume 2, PB90-195751 and Volume 3,
PB0O-195777-
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-195736.
The document is the Appendix to Risk Assessments
Vol II and it contains the inputs to all the computer runs
used to generate the risk assessment.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements, 'Air
pollution, Radioactive contaminants, Boilers, Radon,
Sources, 'Radioactive aerosols, 'Risk assessment,
Health risks, Costs, US DOE, US NRC, Fuel cycle cen-
ters, Phosphorus plants, Feed materials plants, Radio-
active waste facilities, Uranium mills, Uranium mines,
Mill tailings.
PB90-19S777/HSU	PC A23/MF A03
Economic Assessment Environmental Impact
Statement NESHAPS (National Emission Stand-
Mis for Hazardous Air Pollutants) for Radionu-
clides. Background Information Document
Volume 3.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Sep 89,536p* EPA/520/1-89/007
See also Volume 2, Appendixes, PB90-195769.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-195736.
The document has chapters on each radionuclide
source category studied. Each chapter includes an in-
troduction, industry profile, summary of emissions, risk
levels, the benefits and costs of emission controls, and
economic impact evaluations.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements, 'Air
oollution control, 'Economic analysis, Radioactive
contaminants, Radon, Boilers, 'Radioactive aerosols,
•Risk assessment, Fuel cycle centers, Uranium mines,
Uranium mills, Mill tailings, Radioactive waste facilities,
US DOE, US NRC, Phosphorus plants, Costs.
PB90-196395/HSU	PC A23/MF A03
Diamond Chuitna Coal Project. Final Environmen-
tal Impact Statement Volume 1. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Feb 90,531p EPA/910/9-89/011-VOL-1
See also PB88-231576, and Volume 2, PB90-196403.
The final Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the
Diamond Chuitna Coal Project was prepared pursuant
to the National Environmental Policy Act. The actions
to be considered are the approvals of federal permits
for the proposed project located on the west side of
Cook Inlet in south central Alaska. The project would
consist of a surface coal mine, haul road, a coal con-
veyor loading to a port facility on Cook Inlet, dock facili-
ties, and other ancillary facilities. Three action alterna-
tives and a No Action Alternative are discussed in
detail. Rationale for eliminating various options are
given. The preferred alternative would include con-
struction of a port site at Ladd, an eastern transporta-
tion corridor, development of a housing facility at Lone
Creek, and a conveyor system which would parallel the
haul road and transport coal to the port site. The im-
pacts of the proposed project are considered in terms
of vegetation, fish, wildlife, wetlands, water quality and
hydrology (both surface and subsurface), physical and
chemical oceanography, air quality, visual resources,
cultural resources, subsistence, socioeconomics,
recreation, technical feasibility and future uses of facili-
ties. The Final EIS includes responses to comments
on the Draft EIS and revisions to the Draft EIS. The
Final EIS was distributed for a 30-day review period.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-Final,
'Coal mining, 'Surface mining, Licenses, Substitutes,
Vegetation, Fishes, Wildlife, Cargo ships, Cargo trans-
portation, Recreational facilities, Water quality, Hydrol-
ogy, Oceanography, Forecasting, Ecology, 'Diamond
Cnuitna Coal Project, National Environmental Policy
Act, Wetlands, Air quality, Socioeconomic factors.
PB90-196403/HSU	PC A11/MF A02
Diamond Chuitna Coal Project Final Environmen-
tal Impact Statement Volume 2. Appendices.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Feb 90,237p EPA/910/9-89/011-VOL-2
See also PB88-231576, and Volume 1, PB90-196395.
Volume 2 of the 2-volume series contains the appendi-
ces that discuss the indexes, terrestrial habitat evalua-
tion, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service mitigation state-
ment, proposed final NPDES permits, air quality emis-
sions calculations, and procedures for wetlands pro-
tection-statement of findings.
Keywords: 'Environmental impact statements-Final,
'Coal mining, 'Surface mining, Habitability, Ecology,
Fishes, Wildlife, Licenses, Indexes(Documentation),
Numerical analysis, Cargo transportation, Hauling, Ex-
haust emissions, Combustion products, 'Diamond
Chuitna Coal Project, Environmental protection. Wet-
lands, Air quality, National Pollutant Discharge Elimina-
tion System, National Environmental Policy Act, Miti-
gation, US EPA.
PB90-196544/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effects of Atrazine on Microcosms Developed
from Four Natural Plankton Communities. Journal
article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
F. S. Stay, A. Katco, C. M. Rohm, M. A. Fix, and D. P.
Lareen. C1989,12p EPA/800/J-89/259
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 18, p866-875 Nov 89. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Northrop Services, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
Comparisons were made among Leffler microcosms
developed from four different natural communities and
exposed to 0, 20, 100, 200, 500,1,000, and 5000 mi-
crograms/L atrazine, a commonly used herbicide.
Atrazine reduced net primary productivity, pH, and net
productivity/respiration ratios in all four microcosm
communities. The sensitivity and accuracy of bioas-
says with four different microcosm communities were
evaluated by comparing results with values reported
for acute and chronic single species bioassays, other
types of microcosms, and experimental ponds ex-
posed to similar concentrations of atrazine. The
ranges of sensitivity noted in these experiments were
less than the range reported for single species bioas-
says using common test organisms and similar to
those reported for other microcosms. The similarity be-
tween Leffler microcosm results and the responses re-
ported for the experimental ponds suggests that the
Leffler microcosms accurately reflected concentra-
tions causing ecosystem level changes in the experi-
mental ponds. (Copyright (c) 1989 Springer-Verlag
New York, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Plankton, Ecology, Bioassay,
Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts). pH, Reprints, 'Aquatic
ecosystems, 'Atrazine, Microcosms, Chemical water
pollution.
PB90-196551/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
National Inst, of Environmental Health Sciences, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Oxidation of Cardiac Myoglobin In vivo by Sodium
Nitrite or Hydroxylamlne. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. W. Nichols, and L. J. Weber. C1989, 7p EPA/600/J-
89/288
Grant NIEHS-ES-07060
Pub. in Archives of Toxicology 63, p484-488 Dec 89.
Prepared in cooperation with Oregon State Univ.,
Newport. Hatfield Marine Science Center. Sponsored
by National Inst, of Environmental Health Sciences,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
A non-vascularized fish heart model was used to
assess the oxidation of cardiac myoglobin in vivo by
compounds known to cause methemoglobinemia. Buf-
falo sculpin (Enophrys bison) were cannulated from
the afferent branchial artery to permit repeated blood
sampling and injected intraperitoneally with sodium ni-
trite, hydroxylamine or aniline. Methemoglobin was
formed by sublethal levels of sodium nitrite or hydrox-
ylamine. For hydroxylamine, the time to peak effect
was less than 1 h. For sodium nitrite, the onset was
less rapid and the effect more prolonged. Aniline had
no effect on hemoglobin at any concentration tested.
The study suggests the possibility that cardiac myoglo-
bin is oxidizeo in occupational or other exposures to
sodium nitrite, hydroxylamine and related compounds.
(Copyright (c) 1989 Springer-Verlag.)
Keywords: 'Sodium nitrates, 'Hydroxylamine, 'Myog-
lobin, In vivo analysis, Oxidation, Hemoglobin, Methe-
moglobins, Reprints.
PB90-196569/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
National Inst, of Environmental Health Sciences, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Comparative Oxygen Affinity of Fish and Mamma-
lian Myoglobins. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. W. Nichols, and L. J. Weber. C1989,7p EPA/600/J-
89/287
Grant NIEHS-ES-07060
Pub. in Jnl. of Comparative Physiology B 159, p205-
209 Dec 89. Prepared in cooperation with Oregon
State Univ., Newport Hatfield Marine Science Center.
Sponsored by National Inst, of Environmental Health
Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Myoglobins from rat, coho salmon (Oncorhynchus ki-
sutch), buffalo sculpin (Enophrys bison) hearts, and
yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) red skeletal
muscle were partially purified and their 02 binding af-
finities determined. Commercially prepared sperm
whale myoglobin was employed as an internal stand-
ard. Tested at 20 C, myoglobins from salmon and scul-
pin bound 02 with lower affinity than myoglobins from
the rat or sperm whale. Oxygen binding studies at 12 C
and 37 C suggest that this difference is adaptive, per-
mitting myoglobins from cold-adapted fish to function
at physiologically relevant temperatures. Taken to-
gether, purification and 02 binding data obtained in the
study reveal a previously unrecognized diversity of
myoglobin structure and function. (Copyright (c) 1989
Springer-Verlag.)
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Mammals, 'Oxygen, 'Myoglobin,
Graphs(Charts), Reprints, 'Competitive binding, Gel
chromatography.
PB90-196577/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Fate of TnS Mutants of Root Growth-Inhibiting
'Pseudomonas' sp. in Intact Sod-Care Micro-
cosms. Journal article.
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
J. M. Fredrickson, S. A. Bentjsn, H. Bolton, S. W. Li,
and P. Van Voris. C1989,9pEPA/600/J-89/302
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Microbiology, v35 p867-873
1989. Prepared in cooperation with Idaho Univ.,
Moscow. Dept. of Bacteriology and Biochemistry.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR., and Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Transposon Tn5 mutants of a wheat root growth-inhib-
iting nonftuorescent Pseudomonas sp. were inoculat-
ed into intact soil-core microcosms to determine the
utility of intact soil cores for evaluating the fate and
transport of microorganisms in agricultural ecosys-
tems. Transposon Tn5 mutants that no longer pro-
duced a toxin (tox-) to inhibit the growth of wheat roots
or Escherichia coli, and Tn5 mutants that retained the
toxin-producing ability (tox+), were inoculated into
plow layer soil of intact soil-core microcosms. Spring
wheat was then planted, and TnS mutant populations
were enumerated over time in the bulk soil and with
depth in the bulk soil, rhizosphere, and rhizoplane.
Pseudomonas sp. Tn5 mutants were observed in soil-
core leachates and in the gut of earthworms intro-
duced into microcosms. The population of the intro-
duced Tn5 mutants declined over time in the surface
soil, but colonized the wheat rhizosphere and rhizo-
plane throughout the 60-cm soil-core depth. Rhizo-
plane populations of the tox+ TnS mutants were
higher than populations of tox- mutants at the seedling
stage, but significant differences were not observed at
later stages of plant growth or in the rhizosphere. The
Tn5 mutants were transported through the core with
percolating wate; and were present in the gut of earth-
worms.
Keywords: "Mutations, 'Soil microbiology, "Pseudo-
monas, Wheat, Toxins, Graphs(Charts), Reprints,
'Mutagenicity tests, Oiigochaeta, Genetic engineering,
Biological transport.
PB90-196S85/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Role for a Geographical Information System In a
Large Environmental Project. Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
W. G. Campbell, M. R. Church, G. D. Bishop, D. C.
Mortenson, and S. M. Pierson. c1989,16p EPA/600/
J-89/307
Pub. in International Jnl. of Geographical Information
Systems, v3 n4 p349-362 1989. Prepared in coopera-
tion with NSI Technology Services Corp., Corvallis,
OR.
A geographical information system (GIS) has proved to
be a valuable tool in the Direct/Delayed Response
Project - a comprehensive examination of the future,
long-term chemical response of surface waters to
acidic deposition. The role of the GIS within the project
includes aggregation, analysis and display of various
forms, scales and projections of environmental data
related to acidic deposition. The GIS is particularly val-
uable for effectively communicating key scientific find-
ings and results of regional, national and international
importance to adverse audience. (Copyright (c) US
Government 1989.)
Keywords: "Surface waters, "Chemical analysis, Wa-
tersheds, Data acquisition, Mathematical models,
Maps, Reprints, "Geographical information systems,
"Acid rain, Environmental impacts, Regional analysis,
Data analysis.
PB90-196593/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effect of Add Treatment on Dissolved Organic
Carbon Retention by a Spodlc Horizon. Journal ar-
ticle.
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign.
G. F. Vance, and M. B. David. c1989, 9p EPA/600/J-
89/300
Pub. in Soil Science Society of America Jnl. 53, n4
pi 242-1247 Jul/Aug 89. Sponsored by Corvallis Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., OR.
Processes involving the movement of organic sub-
stances in forest soils are not well understood. The
study was conducted to examine the role of acidic
inputs on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) mobility,
processes affecting the retention of DOC by a B hori-
zon, and S04(2-) adsorption. Using O and B horizon
samples from a Spodosol collected in a forested wa-
tershed in Maine, acid solutions leached through O, B,
and 0 over B(0/B) soils in small vacuum extractor col-
umns were analyzed for DOC, DOC fractions, and
anions. For the O and O/B columns, DOC in the lea-
chates decreased (7550 to 3350 and 2380 to 850
micro mol C/L, respectively) with an increase in acidic
inputs; for the B horizon, the reverse was the case
(435 to 1570 micro mol C/L. The DOC in leachates
from the O horizon was dominated by hydrophobic and
hydrophilic acids (68 and 20% of DOC with no acid ad-
dition), which were altered by acidic inputs (46 and
36% of DOC at p(H(1+))=2). The hydrophobic acid
percentage in leachates from O/B horizon columns
decreased from 52 to 28%, whereas hydrophilic acids
increased from 27 to 47% with H20 and p(H(1 +))=2
treatments, respectively. Ionic strength adjustment
(1=0.01) of treatment solutions reduced C solubiliza-
tion in O and O/B horizon leachates, leading to lower
DOC leaching.
Keywords: "Carbon, "Agronomy, "Acidification, Sul-
fates, Graphs(Charts), Forestry, Reprints.
PB90-196601/HSU	PC A02/MF AOt
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion: Implications for
Marine Ecosystems. Journal article.
Western Washington Univ., Bellingham.
J. Hardy, and H. Gucinski. c1989,6p EPA/600/J-89/
301
Pub. in Oceanography, Nov 89. Sponsored by Corval-
lis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
The stratospheric ozone layer shields the earth from
biologically damaging solar ultraviolet radiation. Chlor-
ofluorocarborts (CFCs), used in refrigerants, etc. and
halons, used in fire extinguishers, escape into the
lower atmosphere and migrate to the stratosphere, de-
stroying the ozone layer by photochemically catalyzing
the conversion of ozone to oxygen. Global decreases
in stratospheric ozone have been observed in recent
years. As a result, UV-B radiation is likely to increase
over the next few decades, having a very real potential
for significant impacts on marine ecosystems. It would
take decades to complete all the research necessary
tor a definitive assessment of the overall long-term ef-
fects of stratospheric ozone depletion. However, a re-
search program focusing on the major uncertainties
could provide an assessment adequate for informed
decision-making within five years.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Marine biology, "Stratosphere,
Ultraviolet radiation, Chlorinated hydrocarbons, Fluor-
inated hydrocarbons, Reprints, Environmental im-
pacts.
PB90-196619/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Estuarine Sedi-
ments. Journal article.
Oregon State Univ., Newport. Hatfield Marine Science
Center.
T. H. DeWitt, R. C. Swartz, and J. O. Lanberson.
C1989,16p EPA/600/J-89/260,, ERLN-N082
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v8
p1035-1048 1989. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Estuarine sediments frequently are repositories and
sources of anthropogenic contaminants. Toxicity is
one method of assessing the environmental quality of
sediments, yet because of the extreme range of salini-
ties that characterize estuaries few infaunal organisms
have both the physiological tolerance and sensitivity to
chemical contaminants to serve in estuarine sediment
toxicity tests. The study describes research on the es-
tuarine burrowing amphipod, Eohaustorius estuarius
Bosworth, 1973, whose survival was >95% in control
sediments across a 2 to 28% salinity range over 10-d
periods. E. estuarius also was acutely sensitive to low
sediment concentrations of the polycyclic aromatic hy-
drocarbon, fluoranthene (LC50 approximately = 10.6
mg/kg), and its sensitivity to fluoranthene was not af-
fected by salinity. E. estuarius was almost as sensitive
as Rhepoxynius abronius to fluoranthene and to field-
collected sediments from Puget Sound urban and in-
dustrial bays. E. estuarius was also more tolerant of
very fine, uncontaminated sediments than R. abronius.
Furthermore, E. estuarius was more sensitive to sedi-
ments spiked with fluoranthene than the freshwater
amphipod, Hyalella azteca. E. estuarius, and possibly
other estuarine haustoriid species, appears to be an
excellent candidate for testing the acute toxicity H es-
tuarine and marine sediments. (Copyright (c) 1989
SETAC.)
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Sediments, 'Estuaries, 'Water
pollution, Marine biology, Graphs(Charts), Salinity, Am-
phibia, Reprints, Fluoranthene.
PB90-196627/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Amphipod Predation by the Infaunal Polychaete,
'Nephtys Inclsa'. Journal article.
Science Applications International Corp., Narragan-
sett, Rl.
M. S. Redmond, and K. J. Scott. c1989,5p EPA/600/
J-89/261,, ERLN-X127
Contract EPA-68-03-3236
Pub. in Estuaries 12, p205-207 1989. Sponsored by
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Survival of the tubicolous amphipod Ampelisca abdita
in a sediment toxicity test was negatively correlated
with the presence of indigenous Nephtys incisa. The
gut contents of N. incisa held in uncontaminated sedi-
ment included identifiable portions of the amphipods
A.	abdita and Microdeutopus gryllotalpa. Although
most nephtyid polychaete worms are active predators,
Nephtys incisa has been considered a nonselective
deposit-feeder. It is concluded that N. incisa will prey
upon amphipods under laboratory conditions. This pre-
dation may be a factor in the exclusion of surface-
dwelling amphipods from the Nephtys-Nucula commu-
nity common in southern New England. (Copyright (c)
1989 Estuaries Research Federation.)
Keywords: "Amphibia, New England, Reprints,
"Nephtys incisa, "Water pollution effects(Animals),
"Toxic substances, "Polychaeta.
PB90-196635/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effects of a Cytoklnetic Block on the Determina-
tion of Mlcronucleus Induction in Chinese Ham-
ster Lung Fibroblasts. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
C. Mueller, and S. C. Anderson. c1989,6p ERLN-
X159, EPA/600/J-89/262
Pub. in Karyogram 15, n5 p99-102 1989. Prepared in
cooperation with Science Applications International
Corp., Narragansett, Rl.
Approximately 63,000 chemicals are found in our
foods, drugs, consumer products and environment
There is proof that human exposure to some of these
chemicals can have carcinogenic, teratogenic and mu-
tagenic effects. Several standard short-term tests are
routinely employed to test for the occurrence of these
mutagenic conditions. They include chromosomal
breakage and rearrangement (clastogeniclty) assays,
gene mutation assays, and cell death assays (reduc-
tion in mitotic index or cell colonies). Chromosomal ab-
errations are a common cell response to mutagenic
exposure. Recently the micronucleus test has gained
popularity as a more rapid, less expensive method with
which to detect this type of damage. Mutagenic expo-
sure in dividing cells may cause chromosome damage
producing acentric chromatid or chromosome frag-
ments. "Treatment of these cells with a known muta-
genic and clastogenic compound, with the addition of
a cytokinetic block, will determine if this cell line can be
used for the detection and determination of micronu-
clei.
Keywords: "Lung, 'Mutagens, In vitro analysis. Muta-
tions, Reprints, 'Micronucleus test, 'Fibroblasts, 'Cell
cycle, Chinese hamsters, Mitomycin C, Cytoctialasin
B.
PB90-196643/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Marine Complex Effluent Toxicity Program: Test
Sensitivity, Repeatability and Relevance to Re-
ceiving Water Toxicity. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
S. C. Schimmel, G. E. Morrison, and M. A. Heber.
c1989,10p EPA/600/J-89/263, ERLN-958
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry v8
p739-7461989.
In March 1984, the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) issued a significant change In proce-
dures regulating toxic materials in effluents through
the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES). Concurrent with this toxicity-based effluent
control policy, the EPA established the martne/estua-
rine component of the Complex Effluent Toxicity Test-
ing Program (CETTP). The CETTP was established to
provide reliable, sensitive and environmentally mean-
ingful test protocols that could be used to detect toxic
industrial and municipal effluents within the NPDES
Five toxicity test methods have been developed and
validated for the program since 1984 using a marina
plant (Champia parvula), two invertebrate species (Ar-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
bacia punctulata and Mysidopsis bahia) and two fish
species (Cyprinodon variegatus and Menidia beryllina).
The laboratory precision test results for the methods
were acceptable; coefficients of variation for all meth-
ods were less than 54%, averaging 34%. Numerous
field tests were conducted using these methods and
the results indicate that tests on receiving waters (in
which effluent concentrations could be estimated
through controlled dye studies) accurately reflect the
toxicity of the effluents measured directly. Receiving
water impacts, when observed, were generally near-
field in nature.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Water pollution, 'Industrial
wastes, 'Marine biology, Reproducibility,
Tables(Data), Estuaries, Test methods, Aquatic plants,
Invertebrates, Reprints.
PBSO-1966SO/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Power-Cost Efficiency of Eight Macrobenthlc
Sampling Scheme* In Puget Sound, Washington,
USA.
Environmental Research Lab.-Narragansett, Newport,
OR. Mark O. Hatfield Marine Science Center.
S. P. Ferraro, F. A. Cole, W. A. DeBen, and R. C.
Swartz. C1989,12p EPA/600/J-89/289
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Fisheries and Aquatic Sci-
ences, v46 mo p2157-2165 1969. Summary in
French.
The importance of determining the appropriate sam-
pling scheme (sample unit size (area x depth) and
sieve mesh size) for quantitative macrobenthic studies
is often underestimated. The paper presents a method
for determining the optimum among a set of sampling
schemes for detecting differences in location when the
statistical model is a t-diatribution for comparisons of
two means. The authors define the 'optimum' scheme
as the least costly scheme which is capable of reliably
detecting a desired difference. Following a description
of the method, the authors present an example snow-
ing how the method was used to determine the overall
optimum sampling scheme among eight schemes to
detect differences between a reference and a putative
polluted site in the Everett Harbor area of Puget
Sound, Washington, on 11 measures of community
structure.
Keywords: "Benthonic zone, 'Oceanographic surveys,
Aquatic biology, Bottom water, Cost effectiveness,
Statistical analysis, Efficiency, Methodology, Blomass,
Reprints, 'Water pollution sampling, Environmental
monitoring, Comparative evaluations.
PSM-196668/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of a Short-Term Chronic Effluent Tox-
icity Test Using Sheepshssd Minnow ('Cyprlndon
variegatus') Larvae. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
M M. Hughes, M. A. Heber, G. E. Morrison, S. C.
Schimmel, and W. J. Berry. c1989,15p EPA/600/J-
89/293, ERLN-801
Pub. in Environmental Pollution, v60 p1-14 1989. Pre-
pared In cooperation with Science Applications Inter-
national Corp., Narragansett, Rl.
In response to recent changes in National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit regula-
tions, rapid (7-day) static renewal toxicity tests nave
been developed to detect chronic (sublethal and
lethal) effect concentrations of municipal and industrial
effluents on fresh water and marine estuarine orga-
nisms. The study evaluates results from short term (7-
day) chronic effluent tests measuring effects on the
growth and survival of the larvae of estuarine sheeps-
jtead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus). Growth was
the more sensitive endpoint in 52% of the effluent
tests; survival was most sensitive in 7% of the tests.
Growth and survival were equally sensitive endpoints
in 26% of the tests, while there was no effect on either
endpoint at the highest test concentration in 15% of
the tests. Four short term chronic tests were conduct-
ed concurrently with early life stage (ELS) tests using a
common effluent. Effect concentrations were general-
ly (two or three) within one dilution (a factor of three).
Comparisons of short term chronic and ELS tests were
also conducted with reference to single chemicals,
and the results were slightly better than the effluent
comparisons.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Larvae, 'Minnows, Bioassay,
Marine biology, Tables(Data), Estuaries, Reprints,
'Water pollution effects(Animals), 'Chemical ef-
fluents.
PB90-196676/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine-Coated Silica Gel Car-
tridge Method for Determination of Formaldehyde
in Air. Identification of an Ozone Interference.
Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
R. R. Arnts, and S. B. Tejada. c1989,5p EPA/600/J-
89/286
Pub. in Environmental Science Technology, v23 n11
1988.
Two versions of the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
method, a coated silica gel cartridge (solid) and aceto-
nitrile implnger (solvent based), were used simulta-
neously to sample varied concentrations of ozone (0-
770 ppb) and formaldehyde (20-140 ppb). Ozone was
found to be a negative interference in the determina-
tion of formaldehyde by the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydra-
zine-coated silica gel cartridge method. At 120 ppb of
ozone, formaldehyde at 40 ppb was under-reported by
the cartridge method by 34% and at 300 ppb of ozone,
formaldehyde measurements were 61 % low. Greater
losses were seen at higher ozone concentrations. Im-
pinger sampling (2,4-DNPH in acetonitrile) showed no
formaldehyde losses due to ozone.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Chemical analysis, 'Formalde-
hyde, Silica gel, Liquid chromatography, Chemical re-
actions, 'DinTtrophenylhydrazine.
PB90-196692/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Estimates of the Total Benefits and Total Costs
Associated with Implementation of the 1986
Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act In-
terim rept. 1985-89 (Final).
Miller (Wade) Associates, Inc., Arlington, VA.
E. L. Tam, D. W. Schnare, J. P. McFariand, and J. E.
Cromwell. 15 Mar 90,78p
Contract EPA-68-03-3514
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
The 1986 Amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act
(SDWA) require EPA to develop regulations for 83 spe-
cific contaminants as well as regulations specifying fil-
tration and disinfection treatment requirements. All of
the regulations will be promulgated by the early
1990's. Under Executive order 12291, EPA is required
to perform a Regulatory Impact Analysis of all pro-
posed regulations. The results of the individual analy-
ses of each major rule package have been summed to
provide a perspective on the cumulative cost impacts
of the entire SDWA program. In addition, projections of
where actual cost impacts will be incurred have been
developed for each rule package, permitting an aggre-
gate projection of SDWA compliance expenditures
through the year 2010. The EPA intends to update the
analysis on an annual basis to incorporate revised
impact results for regulations that had not been pro-
mulgated at the time the interim final report was com-
pleted.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Potable water, 'Benefit
cost analysis, Filtration, Disinfection, Capitalized costs,
Operating costs. Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data), Radio-
active isotopes, Arsenic, Metals, Comparison, Public
health, Water supply, Carcinogens, Organic com-
pounds, Inorganic compounds, Safe Drinking Water
Act, 'Pollution regulations, 'Regulatory impact analy-
ses, Maximum permissible exposure, US EPA, Stand-
ards compliance.
PBBO-197310/HSU	PC A09/MF A02
Superfund Emergency Response Actions: A Sum-
mery of Federally-Funded Removals. Volume 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
May 87,196pOSWR DIRECTIVE-9200.31
See also Volume 2, PB90-197328.
The document is a summary of short-term actions (re-
movals) undertaken by the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency and the U.S. Coast Guard in response to
hazardous substance incidents. The document pre-
sents a historical perspective of the program, summa-
rizing short-term actions completed during the five-
year authorized funding period of the Comprehensive
Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability
Act (CERCLA), December 11,1980, through Septem-
ber 30,1985 and those actions taken during October
1,1985 through September 30,1986 that were funded
primarily by two special appropriations from Congress.
The Superfund Emergency Response Actions summa-
ry is the first document to be published aggregating
short-term response information for all six years. As
the Superfund removal program continues, EPA in-
tends to publish annual updates of the document.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
'History, 'Removal, Solid waste disposal,
Tables(Data), Emergency, Public health, Expenses,
'Superfund program, 'Remedial actions, Liquid waste
disposal.
PB90-197328/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Emergency Response Actions: A Sum-
mary of Federally-Funded Removals. Volume 2.
Annual rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Jun88,11 Op
See also Volume 1, PB90-197310.
Serves as the second annual report for public use on
short-term removal actions undertaken by EPA be-
tween October 1986 and June 1988.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
'History, 'Removal, Solid waste disposal,
Tables(Data), Emergency, Public health, Expenses,
'Superfund program, 'Remedial actions. Liquid waste
disposal.
PB90-197625/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 8):
Montlcello Vicinity Properties, UT. (First Remedial
Action), September 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89,28p EPA/ROD/R08-89/025
The Monticello Vicinity Properties site, also known as
the Monticello Radiation Contaminated Properties, is a
federally-owned abandoned vanadium and uranium
mill area in the city of Monticello, San Juan County,
Utah. Milling of vanadium and uranium occurred from
1944 to 1S«0. Throughout the operating period, mill
tailings were used in the city of Monticello for construc-
tion purposes including fill for open lands; backfill
around water, sewer, and electrical lines; sub-base for
driveways, sidewalks, and concrete slabs; backfill
against basement foundations; and as sand mix in
concrete, plaster, and mortar. The Vicinity Properties
were formally Included on the NPL in 1986 and, there-
fore, must comply with requirements of CERCLA. In
October 1989 the millsite itself was also listed on the
NPL. DOE established an official list of Vicinity Proper-
ties designated for remedial action based on radiologi-
cal surveys conducted from 1971 to 1984. As of March
1989,91 properties had been identified to be Included
in the Monticello Vicinity Properties. Of these 91 prop-
erties, 53 remedial actions have been completed and
12 additional properties are slated for remedial action
in 1989. Approximately 100,000 cubic yards (135,000
tons) of contaminated construction debris and wind
blown deposited contamination is estimated to be
within the Vicinity Properties. The primary contami-
nants of concern in construction material and debris
are thorium-230, radium-226, and radon-222 con-
tained in the vanadium and uranium mill tailings.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, Public health, Cost
analysis, Radon, Radium, Water pollution, 'Superfund
program, 'Remedial actions, Monticello(Utan), Soil
contamination.
PB90-197633/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record ol Decision (EPA Region 7):
John's Sludge Pond, Wichita, KS. (First Remedial
Action), September 1989. Final rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
22 Sep 89,44p EPA/ROD/R07-89/025
The Johns' Sludge Pond site is in a relatively undevel-
oped area in the city of Wichita, Sedgwick County,
Kansas. During the 1950s and 1960s the Super Re-
fined Oil Company used the sludge pond for the dis-
posal of waste oil and up to 15,000 cubic yards of oily
sludge generated by the oil recycling and reclamation
operation. Because sulfuric acid was used to refine
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
waste oil for recycling, the wastes dumped into the
pond were very acidic. Additionally, high lead concen-
trations and low PCB concentrations (less than 50
ppm) were also detected in the sludge. As surface
water flowed into the pond, an extremely acidic layer of
water formed on top of the sludge which often over-
flowed into nearby surface waters. The city subse-
quently built berms to prevent further surface runoff. In
1983 EPA ordered the city to undertake interim clean-
up activities which consisted of excavating and solidi-
fying the sludge using cement kilm dust with redeposi-
tion of the treated sludge into a compacted clay-lined
cell followed by capping using a compacted clay cap.
Surface and ground water monitoring following the in-
terim action have not detected any contaminant levels
that could require further action.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials, 'Site
surveys, 'Waste disposal, 'Industrial wastes, Public
health, Water pollution, Lead(Metals), 'Superfund pro-
gram, 'Remedial actions, Wichita(Kansas), Liquid
waste disposal, Polychlorabiphenyl compounds.
PB90-197641/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Hedblum Industries, Oscoda, Ml. (First Remedial
Action), September 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89,59p EPA/ROD/R05-89/112
Hedblum Industries site, an automotive parts manufac-
turing plant, is approximately one mile southeast of the
town of Oscoda, in AuSable Township, Iosco County,
Michigan. Between 1968 and 1972 the previous plant
operators discharged cooling water, rinse water, and
approximately 4,000 gallons of waste TCE onto the
ground. In 1973 VOCs were detected in residential
wells in the AuSable subdivision. Contaminated wells
were replaced with deeper wells which by 1977 also
showed traces of contamination. Subsequently, the
Oscoda Township Municipal Supply System was ex-
tended to residents through the installation of a new
water main. An underground storage tank containing
TCE, TCA, and PCE was removed from the site in
1980. The primary contaminants of concern affecting
the ground water are VOCs including benzene, tolu-
ene, xylenes, TCE, and PCE; and metals including
lead.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, "Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Site surveys, Public health, Lead(Metals),
Water pollution, Cost analysis, 'Superfund program,
Remedial actions, Volatile organic compounds,
Oscoda(Michigan), Liquid waste disposal.
PB90-197658/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
CryoChem, PA. (First Remedial Action), Septem-
ber 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89,89p EPA/ROD/R03-89/078
The 19-acre CryoChem facility is a metal fabricating fa-
cility in the village of Worman, Earl Township, Berks
County, Pennsylvania. Between 1970 and 1982, Cryo-
Chem reportedly used chemical solvents to clean aye
from metal welds at a rate of two to three 55-gallon
drums per year. The facility also reported that a solvent
spill had occurred at some unspecified time in the past.
Spilled solvent is suspected to have collected in the
workshop drains and flowed, through underground
channels, towards a stream that flows across the site.
Spilled solvent has also migrated through the soil
column and has contaminated the ground water under-
lying the site. Ground water samples, collected be-
tween 1981 and 1985 by the State and EPA, revealed
that an onsite production well, nearby residential wells,
and onsite soil have been contaminated. As a result of
drinking water contamination, EPA installed activated
carbon filters in 13 homes In 1987. The Record of De-
cision, the first of two operable units, addresses the
distribution of clean water to residents whose water
supply is affected or potentially affected by ground
water contamination. The primary contaminants of
concern affecting the ground water are VOCs including
TCA, DCA, TCE, DCE, and PCE.
Jywu,u*. 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
y/astedisposal, 'Siteisurveys^atwMuton. Pubic
Keywords:
actionV uquid waste disposal, Volatile organic com-
pounds, Worman(Pennsylvania).
PB90-197666/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 7):
Chemplex, IA. (First Remedial Action), September
1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
27 Sep 89,83p EPA/ROD/R07-89/024
The Chemplex site is in Clinton County within 5 miles
of Clinton, Iowa, and includes a landfill, a waste water
treatment plant, and an adjacent facility which manu-
factures high and low density polyethylene. From 1968
to 1978 the landfill area was used for disposal of vari-
ous plant wastes including black oily sludge, scrap pol-
yethylene, construction debris, and carbonate sludge.
The debutanized aromatic concentrate (DAC) area,
which consists of a pit and DAC product storage and
loading areas, was contaminated by DAC spillage. In
1987, waste was reportedly removed from the pit and
disposed of in a RCRA permitted landfill. Wastes and
spills have contaminated the soil and ground water un-
derneath the landfill and DAC areas. This first operable
unit will address the plumes of ground water contami-
nation. A subsequent operable unit remedy for this site
will address the cleanup of soil and other ground water
remediation that may be required. The primary con-
taminants of concern affecting the ground water are
VOCs including benzene, toluene, xylenes, TCE, and
PCE: and other organics including carcinogenic and
noncarcinogenic PAHs.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, Solid waste
disposal, Aromatic poiycyclic hydrocarbons, Cost anal-
ysis, Public health, Water pollution, 'Superfund pro-
gram, 'Remedial actions, Soil contamination, Liquid
waste disposal, Volatile organic compounds,
Clinton(lowa).
PB90-197674/HSU	PC AOB/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1):
Baird and McGuIre, MA. (Third Remedial Action),
September 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
14 Sep 89, 167p EPA/ROD/R01 -89/037
The Baird and McGuire site is a former chemical manu-
facturing facility in northwest Holbrook, Massachu-
setts, approximately 14 miles south of Boston. From
1912 to 1983 the company operated a chemical manu-
facturing and batching facility on the property. Manu-
factured products included herbicides, pesticides, dis-
infectants, soaps, floor waxes and solvents. Waste
disposal methods at the site included direct discharge
into the soil, nearby brook and wetlands, and a former
gravel pit (now covered) in the eastern portion of the
site. EPA conducted a removal action at the site in
1983 after a waste lagoon overflowed spreading con-
taminants into the Cochato River. The company
ceased operating shortly thereafter. A second removal
action was conducted in 1985, following the discovery
of dioxin in site soils, EPA also conducted an Initial Re-
medial Measure at the site from 1985 through 1987
which involved constructing a new water main to direct
water away from the site, removing building structures,
and installing a temporary cap. Tne primary contami-
nants of concern affecting the sediment are organics
including PAHs and pesticides, and metals including
arsenic.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, 'Site surveys, Arsenic,
Pesticides, Aromatic poiycyclic hydrocarbons, 'Super-
fund program, 'Remedial actions,
Holbrook(Massachusetts), Soil contamination.
PB90-197716/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab-
Field Investigation of Sulfite Fluxes to a Decidu-
ous Forest. Journal article.
Argonne National Lab., IL. Biological, Environmental,
and Medical Research Olv.
B. B. Hicks, D. R. Matt, R. T. McMiilen, a. D. Womack,
and M. L. Wesely. c1989,11p EPA/600/J-89/294
Contract DE-AC05-840R21400
Pub. in Jnt. of Geophysical Research, v49 nDlO
p13,003-13,011 20 Sep 89. Prepared in cooperation
with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra-
tion, Oak Ridge, TN. Air Resources Labs., and Oak
Ridge National Lab., TN. Environmental Sciences Dlv.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab., and Dept. of Energy.
An intensive investigation of particulate sulfur fluxes to
a deciduous forest was conducted at Oak Ridge, Ten-
nessee, during May 1983. Eddy correlation methods
were used to measure fluxes of submicron particulate
sulfur, of submicron particles in three different size
ranges, and of ozone above the forest canopy. The
measured deposition velocities (v(sub d)) of particulate
sulfur peaked at about 1 cm/s in daytime, but dropped
to near zero at night, with a long-term average of about
0.6 cm/s. These values of v(sub d) are consistent with
similar measurements taken previously over different
surfaces. Measurements and analyses indicate that
the flux divergence of particulate sulfur should have
caused an error no greater than + or - 0.05 om/s in
v(sub d) estimates. For very small particles (less than
0.1 micrometer diameter), measured values of v(sub d)
were similar to those for particulate sulfate, but deposi-
tion velocities for particles in the accumulation size
range decreased as particle size increased, and
upward components of fluxes were found in daytime
convective conditions. (Copyright (c) American Geo-
physical Union.)
Keywords: 'Sulfates, 'Atmospheric diffusion,
'Flux(Rate), Field tests, Error analysis, Particle size
distribution, Canopies, Reprints, 'Forests, 'Air pollu-
tion effects(Plants), 'Particulate sampling, 'Air pollu-
tion sampling, Dry methods, Environmental transport
PB90-197724/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Review of EPA Materials Program: Environmental
Testing. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment L8b
J. W. Spence, E. O. Edney, and F. H. Haynie. c1989,
11p EPA/600/J-89/298
Pub. In Jnl. of Protective Coatings and Linings, p19-23
99-102 Sep 89.
The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1970 authorized the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to con-
duct research on the effects of air pollutants on the
service life of materials. Information from the materials
effects research program will be used by the Agency to
conduct cost-benefit studies and to establish criteria
for developing secondary air quality standards. The
report provides an overview of the materials effects re-
search program that EPA conducts for the National
Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP) and
the testing facilities and technological procedures that
are being developed for characterizing environmental
degradation of materials, especially coatings. As such
it is in the national interest to share this knowledge and
these new capabilities with industry. Because the
NAPAP research is to be completed by 1990, the test-
ing facilities at EPA will be available for use and fund-
ing support by organizations outside the Agency. In
1986, Congress passed the Federal Technology Act.
Public Law No. 99-502, that permits EPA to enter Into
Cooperative Research and Development Agreements
with private industry and other organizations, thereby
utilizing their facilities for environmental testing and de-
velopment of materials.
Keywords: 'Materials tests, Coatings, Degradation,
Service life, Test facilities, Reprints, 'Air pollution
effects(Materials), Federal Technology Act, US EPA,
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1970, National Add Pre-
cipitation Assessment Program.
PB90-197732/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Accuracy Assessment of EPA Protocol Oases in
1988. Journal article.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC
R. S. Wright, C. v. Wall, C. E. Decker, and D. J. von
Lehmden. C1989,5p EPA/600/J-89/297
Contract EPA-68-02-4550
Pub, in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v39
n9 p1225-1227 Sep 89. Sponsored by Environmiantal
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Lab.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
established quality assurance procedures for air poUu-
tion measurement systems. Among the areas of CPA's
concern is the accuracy of compressed gas standards
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
used for calibration and audits of continuous emission
monitoring systems and ambient air quality analyzers.
EPA's regulations specify that the certified values for
these standards be traceable to National Institute of
Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Refer-
ence Materials (SRMs) or to NIST/EPA-approved Cer-
tified Reference Materials via two traceability proto-
cols. The results of an audit of all commercial gas
manufacturers of sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide and carbon
monoxide at ppm concentration levels are provided, as
well as showing how each gas manufacturer complied
with the reporting requirements to the customers as
stated in the traceability protocols. (Copyright (c) 1989
Air and Waste Management Association.)
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Sulfur dioxide, Tables(Data),
Nitric oxide, Carbon dioxide, Gas cylinders, Reprints,
•Environmental Protection Agency.
PB90-197740/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Atmospheric Weathering Caused by Dry Deposi-
tion of Addle Compounds. Journal article.
NSI Technology Services Corp., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. F. Cheek, E. O. Edney, J. W. Spence, F. Haynie, and
E. W. Corse. c1989,21 p EPA/600/J-89/296
Contract EPA-68-02-4443
Pub. in Jnl. of Environmental Science and Health,
vA24 n5 p439-457 1989. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Lab.
The study was conducted to investigate the effects of
deposition on galvanized steel and painted panels
using mobile coverlng/deionized spray devices at ex-
posure sites located at Steubenville, OH and Research
Triangle Park (RTP), NC. Ambient rain and deionized
spray runoff samples from the panels were collected
on an event basis for seven months and underwent
detailed chemical analysis. The analysis indicated that
the dry deposition of acid gases at the sites increased
the dissolution rate of galvanized steel corrosion prod-
ucts. Although the average S02 level in Steubenville
was ten times the RTP value, the rate of Zn dissolution
was only 1.9. This result in conjunction with the pres-
ence of large amounts of Ca in the Steubenville runoff
samples suggest that neutralization of acidic gases by
dry deposited basic particulates may be important at
the Steubenville site. At the RTP site low levels of
anions were found in the runoff from the painted panel
with H(1 +) as the most abundant cation. This result is
consistent with the lack of reactivity towards acidic
gases due to the absence of alkaline paint compo-
nents. (Copyright (c) 1989 Marcel Dekker, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Weathering, 'Corrosion tests, 'Acids,
Paint, Tabtes(Data), Qraphs(Charts), 'Acid rain.
PB90-197757/HSU	PC A02/MP A01
Summary of the 1989 EPA/A and WMA Interna-
tional Symposium: Measurement of Toxic and Re-
lated Air Pollutants. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
R. K. M. Jayanty, and S. Hochheiser. C1989,9p EPA/
60O/J-89/295
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v39
p1420-1426 Nov 89. Presented at Air and Waste Man-
agement Association and the Atmospheric Research
and Exposure Assessment Symposium (4th), Raleigh,
NC., May 2-5, 1989. Prepared in cooperation with Air
and Waste Management Association, Pittsburgh, PA.
A Joint conference, for the fourth straight year cospon-
sored by the Air and Waste Management Association
and the Atmospheric Research and Exposure Assess-
ment Laboratory of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, was held at Raleigh, North Carolina, May 2-5,
1989. The technical program consisted of 145 presen-
tations, held in 14 separate technical sessions, on
rscent advances in the measurement and monitoring
of toxic and related pollutants found in ambient and
source atmospheres. Covering a wide range of meas-
urement topics and superbly supported by 57 exhibi-
tors of instrumentation and consulting services, the
symposium was enthusiastically received by more
than 700 attendees from the United States and other
countries. The overview contains a selection of the
highlights from the technical presentations. A synopsis
of the keynote address to the symposium is also in-
cluded. (Copyright (c) 1989—Air & Waste Management
Association.)
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Air pollution, Sources, Site sur-
veys, Deposition, Hazardous materials, Exposure, Or-
ganic compounds, Reprints, 'Waste management,
Environment management, 'Environmental monitor-
ing, 'Air pollution sampling, Toxic substances, Indoor
air pollution, Superfund, Acid rain, Wet methods, Dry
methods, Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, Polychlori-
nated dibenzofurans.
PB90-197765/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Sampling and Analysis Experiments for Improved
Characterization of Products of Incomplete Com-
bustion. Journal article.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. G. Fuerst, T. J. Logan, M. R. Midgett, A. L. Sykes,
and T. Buedel. c1989,8p EPA/600?J-89/308
Contract EPA-68-02-4119
Pub. in Jnl. of Air Pollution Control Association, v39 n7
P969-974 Jul 89. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospher-
ic Research and Exposure Assessment Lab.
Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to
evaluate the Volatile Organic Sampling Train (VOST)
methodology for the sampling and analysis of products
of incomplete combustion (PICs). A pilot-scale inciner-
ator was used to incinerate several volatile chlorinated
organic compounds which were known to produce
PICs. Approximately 300 ppm of 1,2-dichloroethane,
1,1,1-trichloroethane, and trichioroethane were indi-
vidually incinerated at 700 deg C. Standard VOST
sampling apparatus was used to collect samples for
determinations of precision and for distributive volume
studies. A series of experiments was conducted to es-
tablish whether PICs were being formed at concentra-
tion levels which could be measured by the VOST
methodology. Samples were collected at 1 L/min for
20 min with standard pairs of Tenax-Tenax/charcoal
cartridges. The major PICs found were vinyl chloride
from 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethene from
1,1,1-trichloroethane, and carbon tetrachloride from
trichloroethene. Chloromethane was also formed at
significant levels for all of the compounds incinerated.
Additional field samples that were collected and ana-
lyzed showed that the precision of the PIC generation
was fairly constant (Copyright (c) 1989 Air and Waste
Management Association.)
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Air pollution, 'Com-
bustion products, Incinerators, Reprints, 'Volatile or-
ganic compounds, Gas chromatography-mass spec-
trometry.
PB90-197773/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Characterization of the Mammalian Toxicity of the
Crystal Polypeptides of 'Bacillus thuringiensis'
subsp. 'Israelensls'. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. E. Mayes, G. A. Held, C. Lau, J. C. Seely, and R. M.
Roe. C1989,15p EPA/600/J-89/271
Grants PHS-ES-07046, PHS-ES-00044
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, v13
p310-322 Aug 89. Prepared in cooperation with North
Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh, Northrop Services,
Inc./Environmental Sciences, Research Triangle Park,
NC., and National Inst, of Environmental Health Sci-
ences, Research T riangle Park, NC.
Solubilized crystal polypeptide preparations of Bacillus
thuringiensis subsp. leraetensia (BTI) were fractionated
by immunoaffinity chromatography using a bound
monoclonal antibody formed against the 28K crystal
polypeptide. The 28K polypeptide was confirmed to be
hemolytic and to possess low mosquttocidal activity
against Aedes aegypti larvae. By comparison, the 28K
polypeptide was mors potent than the solubilized BTI
crystals in male Swiss Webster mice, as the LD50
values were (p<0.05) 0.77 and 2.33 mg protein/kg
body wt, respectively. Acute administration of the 28K
polypeptide (mg/kg,ip) produced severe hypothermia
and bradycardia in the mouse. No evidence for coo-
peratMty between the 28K and other crystal polypep-
tides was observed. Preliminary histological examina-
tion of the mouse hearts exposed to the 28K polypep-
tide.did not reveal any specific lesion, suggesting that
the deficient cardiac performance might be a second-
ary physiological response. The present results indi-
cate that the 28K polypeptide is the mammalian toxic
component of BTI crystals. (Copyright (c) Society of
Toxicology.)
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Crystals, 'Peptides, Hypother-
mia, Rats, Mice, Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Hemolysis,
Bradycardia, Reprints, 'Bacillus thuringiensis, Affinity
chromatography, Lethal dose 50.
PB90-197781/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
In vitro Culture of Postlmplantatlon Hamster Em-
bryos. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
M. T. Ebron-McCoy, P. E. Beyer, L. A. Oglesby, and R.
J. Kavlock. c1988, Bp EPA/600/J-88/491
Pub. in Reproductive Toxicology, v2 p31-36 Apr 88.
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
In vitro culture of intact rat and mouse embryos has
been described extensively, but information on the cul-
ture of other species is sparse. The present study ex-
amined some culture requirements of early somite
stage hamster embryos and assessed the embryotoxic
effects of sodium salicylate (SS), a direct acting chemi-
cal and cyclophosphamide (CP), a proteratogen, on
these embiyos. Hamster embryos explanted on gesta-
tion days (GD) 8 and 9 were cultured in Waymouth's
embryo-hepatocyte co-cultivation medium (WEHC),
70% McCoy's 5A medium-30% male rat serum
(MMRS) or 100% male rat serum (MRS) for 24 hours
under various oxygen concentrations. Embryos cul-
tured GO 8 to 9 in the various media grew and differen-
tiated much as they did in vivo, while embryos cultured
GD 9 to 10 grew best in MMRS as compared to em-
biyos at the same stage in vivo. Embryos exposed to
SS in MMRS at concentrations of 250,300, or 500 mi-
crograms/ml showed dose related embryotoxicity
which included CNS defects, absence of hind limb bud
formation, and lack of axial rotation. Hamster embryos
co-cultivated with pregnant hamster hepatocytes and
treated with 2.5, 6.25 and 12.5 microgram/mi of CP,
showed dose-dependent toxicity when compared to
co-cultivated controls. Hamster embryos develop ex-
tensively in culture over a 24 hour period. This system
may therefore provide a valuable tool for evaluating
the species differences of a variety of potential terato-
gens and embryotoxins and allow the comparison of
these embryotoxic effects between rat, mouse and
hamster during similar stages of organogenesis.
(Copyright (c) 1988 Pergamon Press.)
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Embryo, Salicylic acids,
Tables(Data), In vitro analysis, Cyclophosphamide,
Reprints, 'Ovum implantation, 'Teratogens, Tissue
culture, Golden hamsters.
PB90-197831/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Diagnostic Studies of Ozone In the Northeastern
United States Based on Applications of the Re-
gional Oxidant Model (ROM). Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
R. G. Lamb. May 89.22p EPA/600/D-89/011
Presented at the APCA Specialty Conference on The
Scientific and Technical Issues Facing Post-1987
Ozone Control Strategies, Hartford, CT., November
16-19,1987.
The paper describes the diagnostic study of the ozone
problem in the Northeastern United States based on
simulations performed with the Regional Oxidant
Model (ROM) and numerical evaluation of individual
terms in the equations that form the basis of the
model. The study delineates where and in what quanti-
ty ozone is generated and where and in what quantities
ozone and its precursor species are transported. The
relative merits of various emissions control plans are
assessed by comparing how each alters the magni-
tudes and spatial patterns of ozone generation and
transport.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Air pollution control, 'Mathemati-
cal models, Performance evaluation. Spatial distribu-
tion, Concentration(Composition), Nitrogen oxides,
Maps, Graphs(Charts), 'Regional oxidant model,
'Northeast Region(United States). 'Diagnostic tech-
niques, 'Atmospheric chemistry, 'Air pollution sam-
pling, Environmental transport. Chemical reaction
mechanisms, Volatile organic compounds, Regional
analysis.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-197849/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Activated Sludge Treatment ot Selected Aqueous
Organic Hazardous Waste Compounds. Symposi-
um paper.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
M. K. Koczwara, J. E. Park, and R. J. Lesiecki. 1989,
17p EPA/600/D-89/271
Presented at the Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue
University, May 11-13, 1987. Prepared in cooperation
with Cincinnati Univ., OH. Dept. of Civil and Environ-
mental Engineering.
As a result of the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amend-
ments of 1984 and the concurrent land disposal re-
strictions rule, EPA is in the process of demonstrating
achievable treatment techniques to be used as alter-
natives to the land disposal of hazardous wastes. Data
are being collected for this purpose from three types of
sources, in the following order of priority: (1) waste
generators that also treat the waste; (2) commercial fa-
cilities (other than generators) and (3) EPA in-house
research treatment facilities. The work being done at
the USEPA Test and Evaluation (T&E) Facility falls in
the third category.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Activated sludge
process, 'Waste treatment, 'Organic compounds,
Substitutes, Sources, Data processing, Research
projects, Organic solvents. Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation. Monitoring, 'Liquid wastes, 'Land
pollution abatement. Hazardous and Solid Waste
Amendments of 1984, US EPA, Technology utilization.
PB90-197872/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Case Study ot a Marine Discharge: Comparison of
Effluent and Receiving Water Toxicity.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
S. C. Schimmel, G. B. Thursby, M. A. Heber, and M. J.
Chammas. C1989,18p EPA/600/D-90/005, ERLN-
844
Pub. in American Society for Testing and Materials
Special Technical Publication no. 1007, Aquatic Toxi-
cology and Environmental Fate, v11 p159-172 1989.
Prepared in cooperation with Rhode Island Univ.,
Kingston. Dept. of Botany, and Science Applications
International Corp., Narragansett, Rl.
An on-site investigation was conducted in northeast
Florida to evaluate the toxicity of a pulp and paper mill
discharge and to determine whether there was any re-
ceiving water toxicity associated with that discharge.
The species tested included the macroalga Champia
parvula, the mysid Mysidopsis bahia, and two fish spe-
cies. Cyprinodon vanegatus and Menidia beryllina. All
methods evaluated the critical, sensitive life stages
and estimated chronic toxicity. Test results indicated
that effluent effect concentrations were approximately
1 % for the two most sensitive species (mysids and the
macroalga) and 32% for the least sensitive (C. varie-
gatus). Receiving waters adjacent to the discharge
were sampled and tested daily over a seven-day
period. Water samples collected at stations closest to
the discharge were toxic to the macroalga, and the
effect concentrations (estimated by a previous dye
study) were consistent with those determined in the ef-
fluent tests. In addition, the Environmental Protection
Agency's (EPA's) Duluth Laboratory conducted on-site
chemical fractionation studies using the freshwater
crustacean, Ceriodaphnia reticulata. (Copyright (c)
American Society for Testing and Materials.)
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Marine biology, 'Water pollu-
tion, Biology, Growth, Monitoring, Algae, Reprints.
PB90-197880/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Guidance Manual for Health Risk Assessment of
Chemically Contaminated Seafood. Final rept.
Tetra Tech, Inc., Bellevue, WA.
R. A. Pastorok. JunB6,98p EPA/910/9-88/182
Contract EPA-68-03-1977
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seat-
tle, WA. Region X.
The report was written to assist in the evaluation and
interpretation of the human health risks associated
with chemical contaminate levels in seafood. High
concentrations of toxic chemicals have been found in
sediments and marine organisms in parts of Puget
Sound. Since heavy consumption of contaminated
seafood may pose a substantial human health risk, it s
important that assessments of the risk associated with
seafood consumption be conducted in a consistent,
acceptable manner. The report provides an overview
of risk assessment, and describes hazard identifica-
tion, dose-response assessment, exposure assess-
ment and risk characterization. Guidance is provided
on presentation and interpretation of results.
Keywords: 'Seafood, 'Food contamination, Puget
sound, Exposure, Tables(Data), Mercury(Metal),
'Toxic substances, Risk assessment, Dose-response
relationships, Tissue distribution, Carcinogenicity
tests, Polychiorobiphenyl compounds.
PBB0-197B08/HSU	PC A14/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Elliott Bay Toxics Action Program: Initial Data
Summaries and Problem Identification. Final rept.
TetraTech, Inc., Bellevue, WA.
R. A. Pastorok, B. Schmoyer, R. N. Dexter, D. S.
Becker, and P. N. Booth. Jan 86,321 p TETRAC-TC-
3991-01, EPA/910/9-88/191
Contract EPA-68-03-1977
Prepared in cooperation with E.V.S. Consultants Ltd.,
North Vancouver (British Columbia). Sponsored by En-
vironmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA. Region
The report provides a synthesis of information describ-
ing the geographic extent and severity of chemical
contamination in Elliott Bay within Puget Sound in
Washington State. Summaries of existing data are pro-
vided for chemical contamination of sediment and
biota, biological effects, contaminant sources, and
beneficial uses associated with the estuarlne study
area. Original, summarized, tabulated, and mapped
data are presented. The objective of the Data Summa-
ries and Problem Identification report is to provide a
mechanism for comprehensively evaluating pollution
problems in the more urbanized embayments and for
providing a basis for prioritizing corrective actions. A
decision making framework is presented for evaluating
and prioritizing both sub-areas and specific contami-
nant sources. The decision making framework in-
cludes: a review and quality assurance check of all
available environmental data; analyses of spatial and
temporal trends of chemical contamination; a limited
ranking of the problem areas; and identification of data
gaps and provision of recommendations for improved
characterization of specific pollution sources.
Keywords: "Site surveys, 'Elliott Bay, 'Chemical com-
pounds, 'Estuaries, 'Sediments, 'Water quality man-
agement, Puget Sound, Washington(State), Urban
areas, Decision making, Management planning,
Tables(Data), Sources, Public health, Toxicology,
Benthos, Pathology, Spatial distribution,
Concentration(Composition), 'Toxic substances,
'Ecosystems, 'Water pollution sampling, Biological in-
dicators, Risk assessment, Comprehensive planning,
Biological effects.
PBS0-197906/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Lake Union/Ship Canal/Shllshole Bay Water Qual-
ity Management Program.
Seattle City Office for Long-Range Planning, WA.
May 87,62p EPA/910/9-89/037
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seat-
tle, WA. Region X.
The report provides a synthesis of information describ-
ing the geographic extent and severity of estuarine
contamination in the Lake Union and Ship Canal wa-
terway within Puget Sound In Washington State. Sum-
maries of existing data are provided for chemical con-
tamination of water, sediment and biota. Analyses of
spatial trends of both chemical and conventional pollu-
tion, biological effects, identification of data gaps, and
provision of recommendations for improved character-
ization of specific pollution sources are included. Sum-
marized, tabulated, and mapped data are presented.
The objective of the Data Summary Report is to pro-
vide a mechanism tor comprehensively evaluating pol-
lution problems in this urbanized embayment and for
providing a basis for prioritizing corrective actions.
Keywords: 'Lake Union, 'Water quality management,
'Sediments, 'Site surveys, 'Shilshole Bay, 'Estuaries,
"Waterways(Watercourses), Puget Sound, Sources,
Tables(Data), Urban areas, Washington(State),
Concentratlon(Composition), Salt water intrusion, Dis-
solved gases, Coliform bacteria. Toxicity, Offshore
drilling, Oxygen, Benthos, Combined sewers. Over-
flows, "Water pollution sampling, "Water pollution
standards, Storm water drainage, Biological effects.
Comprehensive planning, Toxic substances.
PB90-198003/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Radlofrequency Radiation Survey In the McFar-
land, California Area.
Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas, NV.
E. D. Mantiply, and N. N. Hankin. Nov 89,126p EPA/
520/6-89/022
The study reports the results of measurements of R«-
diofrequency (RF) field intensities resulting from oper-
ation of Voice of America (VOA) facility as well as other
RF broadcast sources in the McFariand area. In addi-
tion, numerical modeling of the VOA broadcast anten-
nas was done to estimate the value of both the electric
and magnetic fields near ground. The models were
confirmed and used in the retrospective analyais to
calculate RF exposures during past operations at
VOA. Measurements were also made to determine the
highest exposure along the perimeter of the VOA facili-
ty. Quality control checks were made on the variation
over time of measured fields and the amplitude modu-
lation of the fields was examined.
Keywords: "Electromagnetic radiation, 'Computerized
simulation, 'Field strength, Antenna radiation patterns.
Malignant neoplasms, Radiation effects, TablesTOataT
Graphs(Charts), 'Health risks, *McFarlar>d(Califomffi'
Voice of America, Radiation measurement.	'
PB90-198037/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianole
Park, NC.	^
Effects of Ambient Ozone on Respiratory Func-
tion In Healthy Adults Exercising Outdoors. Jour-
nal article.
New York Univ. Medical Center, NY. Inst, of Environ-
mental Medicine.
D. M. Spektor, M. Lippmann, G. D. Thurston, P. J Liov
and J. Stecko. c1988,10p EPA/600/J-88/507
Grants PHS-ES-00260, PHS-HL-00260
Pub. in American Review of Respiratory Disease v13S
p821-828 Oct 88. Prepared in cooperation wHh
Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA., and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Sponsored tw
Health Effects Research Lab., Research TrianoS
Park, NC., and National Institutes of Health, Betheede
MD.
The effect of exposure to ozone (03) In ambient air on
respiratory function was studied in 30 healthy adult
nonsmokers engaged in a regular daily program of out-
door exercise in Tuxedo, NY during the summer of
1985. Each subject did the same exercise each
but exercise Intensity and duration varied widely be!
tween subjects, with minute ventilation ranging from 20
to 153 L and duration ranging from 15 to 55 mln. Spiro-
metry was performed immediately before and after
each exercise period. 03 concentrations during exer-
cise ranged from 21 to 124 parts per billion (ppb) am
measured functional indexes showed significant
(p<0.01) 03-associated mean decrements wtthR/o
at-2.1 ml/ppb, FEV1 at -1.4 ml/ppb, PEFR at -9.2 nil
s/ppb, FEF25-75 at -6.0 ml/s/ppb, and FEVI/FVC at
0.038%/ppb. Mean decrements were smaller for i100 L than for 10
other subjects with minute ventilations between en
and 100 L or for the 10 subjects with minute venWa.
tions below 60 L. Overall, the functional decrements
were similar in magnitude to those seen in chNdrertan.
gaged in supervised recreational programs in sumiMv
camps. For 10 subjects with minute ventilations onw
parable to those used in controlled 1- and 2-h
sures to 03 in purified air in chambers (50 to 80 uTK
effects were about twice as large as those reporter* <£
the chamber studies.	*Jf°r
Keywords: 'Ozone, *Exerdse(Physiology). Adulta. |u
gression analysis. Tabiea(Data), Graphs(Chartar ST"
prints,'Respiratory function tests.	"
PB90-198045/HSU	PC A02/MF a»i
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati. OH. TovC^i
ogy and Microbiology Div
Teratogenlc Activity of Trichloroacetic Add fe. th..
Rat Journal article.
Pathology Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
M. K. Smith, J. L Randall, E. J. Read, and J. A.
c1989,9p EPA/600/ J-89/264
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Contract EPA-68-03-002
Pub. in Teratology, v40 n5 p445-451 Nov 89. Prepared
in cooperation with Computer Sciences Corp., Cincin-
nati, OH. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Cincinnati, OH. Toxicology and Microbiology Div.
Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is a by-product of the chlo-
rine disinfection o/ water containing natural organic
material. It is detectable in finished drinking water at
levels comparable to the trihalomethanes (30-160 mi-
crograms/L). TCA is also formed in vivo after ingestion
of hypochlorite and has been identified as a major me-
tabolite of chlorinated hydrocarbons such as trichlor-
oethylene. The developmental effects of TCA were
evaluated in the pregnant Long-Evans rat. Animals
were dosed by oral intubation on gestation days 6-15
(plug = 0) with 0, 330, 800, 1,200, or 1,800 mg/kg/
day. The vehicle control was distilled water. Maternal
observations included clinical signs, weight change,
and gross evaluation of organ weights and uterine con-
tents at necropsy (day 20). Live fetuses were exam-
ined for external, skeletal, and soft tissue malforma-
tions. There were no maternal deaths associated with
toxicity prior to sacrifice. Weight gain during treatment
was reduced at 800, 1,200, and 1,800 mg/kg. Spleen
and kidney weights were increased in a dose-related
manner. The mean percent of resorbed implants per
litter was 34, 62, and 90 at 800, 1,200, and 1,800 mg/
kg, respectively. Live fetuses showed dose-dependent
reductions in weight and length. The mean frequency
of soft tissue malformations ranged from 9% at the low
dose to 97% at the high dose. These were principally
in the cardiovascular system (interventricular septal
defect, levocardia). Skeletal malformations were found
only at 1,200 and 1,800 mg/kg and were mainly in the
orbft. Based on these observations TCA was consid-
ered to be developmentally toxic in the pregnant rat at
doses of 300 mg/kg and above.
Keywords: Tables(Data), In vivo analysis, Potable
water, Embryos, Reprints, 'Teratogens, 'Trichloroa-
cetic acids, Organ weight, Malformations.
PB90-1980S2/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
Comparison of the Effect* of Acuta and Subacute
Treatment of Phenobarbltal In Different Strain* of
Mice. Journal article.
Medical Coll. of Ohio at Toledo. Dept. of Pathology.
E. L. C. Lin, J. E. Klaunig, J. K. Mattox, C. M. Weghorst,
and B. H. McFarland. c1989,11 p EPA/600/J-89/265
Pub. in Cancer Letters, v48 p43-51 1989. Sponsored
by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
A strain specificity has been demonstrated for the
effect of subsequent administration of phenobarbltal.
In which dlethylmltro8amlne-initlated hepatocarcino-
genesis was promoted in C3H mice, inhibited in
B0C3F1 (C57BL X C3H) and not affected in C57BL
mice. The study examined in these three strains of
mice and in C3B6F1 (C3H X C57BL) mice the effect of
phenobarbltal administered in their drinking water for 4
days or 28 days. The liver weight to body weight ratio
was increased by phenobarbltal in all types of mice.
Microsomal protein concentrations were increased In
C57BL mice after 28 days of treatment, In C3H after
both 4 days and 28 days and in B6C3F1 after 4 days of
treatment. No effect upon microsomal protein content
was observed in C3B6F1 mice. DNA content was in-
creased in C3H mice, both in the 4-day and 28-day
treatment groups, while the other strains showed
either a decrease or no difference from control. DNA
synthesis was elevated in all strains of mice after 4
days of treatment with phenobarbltal, however, after
28 days of treatment there was either a much reduced
increase (C57BL and C3B6F1) or no difference (C3H
and B6C3F1) from controls. In all four types of mice
after 4 and 28 days of treatment, phenobarbltal in-
creased the concentration of cytochrome P-450, the
activity of aminopyrine-N-demethylase and 7-ethoxyr-
esorufin-O-deethyiase and the oxidation of testoster-
one. The oxidative metabolites of testosterone were
similar in the four types of mice.
Keywords: "Toxicology, 'Phenobarbltal, Tables(Data),
Body weight, Liver neoplasms, Reprints, 'Inbred mice
strains, 'Carcinogenicity tests, DNA replication, Organ
weight, Mixed function oxidases, Liver microsomes.
PB90-198060/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
High-Resolution Cytogenetic Characterization of
the L5178Y TK+/- Mouse Lymphoma Cell Line.
Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
J. R. Sawyer, M. M. Moore, and J. C. Hozier. c1989,
15p EPA/600/J-89/266
Pub. in Mutation Research, v214 p195-199 Jun 89.
Prepared in cooperation with Florida Inst, of Tech.,
Melbourne. Dept. of Biological Science.
Since the finding that the L5178Y TK+/- -> TK-/- for-
ward mutational assay system can detect and distin-
guish a range of mutational events, including large
chromosomal aberrations and smaller, perhaps point
mutational events, the chromosomal analysis of these
lesions at the highest possible level of band resolution
has become increasingly important. The TK+/- 3.7.2C
cell line contains chromosomes 11 of normal morphol-
ogy when investigated by high resolution banding tech-
niques. In the mouse, tk-1 has previously been
mapped by somatic cell genetics to chromosome 11.
The study investigated the sublocalization of the break
points in chromosome 11 deletions, translocations,
and insertions occurring in induced TK-/- mutants. We
developed an acridine orange/Colcemid/hypotonic
treatment of TK-/- mutants to provide high resolution
chromosomes with over 500 G-bands for break point
analysis. Using both standard and high resolution pro-
cedures, the study found that independently induced
smallcolony mutants show rearrangements in the
distal portion of chromosome 11, with break points oc-
curring between bands B5 and D1.3. The finding of a
range of chromosomal break points in different TK-/-
mutants is consistent with the hypothesis that chromo-
somal lesions occurring in small-colony mutants may
affect a large portion of the genome in the vicinity of
the TK gene, and with recent molecular genetic analy-
sis of mutants. (Copyright (c) 1989 Elsevier Science
Publishers.)
Keywords: 'Genetics, 'Chromosome abnormalities.
Mice, Reprints, 'Mutagenicity tests, 'Thymidine
kinase, Chromosome fragile sites, Cell line, Karyotyp-
ing, Chromosome banding.
PB90-198078/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Natural Killer Activity In Flscher-344 Rat Lung* as
a Method to Assess Pulmonary Immunocompe-
tence: Immunosuppression by Phosgene Inhala-
tion. Journal article.
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
G. R. Burleson, and L. L. Keyes. c1989,25p EPA/600/
J-89/267
Contract EPA-68-02-4450
Pub. in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology,
v11 n2-3 p421 -443 Sep 89. Sponsored by Health Ef-
fects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Phosgene is a hazardous air toxic and a potential oc-
cupational health hazard. Studies were initiated to de-
termine whether exposure to phosgene resulted in
local pulmonary or systemic immune dysfunction. The
effect of phosgene on lung natural killer (NK) activity
was quantified at different times after exposure. Acute
phosgene exposure resulted in a suppressed pulmo-
nary NK activity on days 1, 2, and 4 after exposure;
however, normal levels of biological activity were ob-
served 7 days after exposure. The suppressed NK ac-
tivity was not restored after removal of adherent cells.
Pulmonary immunotoxicity was also observed after ex-
posure at 0.5 ppm, while no adverse effects were ob-
served at 0.1 ppm phosgene. Systemic immunotoxic
effects were observed for NK activity in the spleen, but
not in the peripheral blood. The report is the first of a
systemic immunotoxic effect after exposure to phos-
gene. It is thus important in pulmonary immunotoxico-
logy to evaluate systemic immune functions, since
secondary effects -- distant to the original interaction -
may occur with potential serious consequences.
(Copyright (c) 1989 Marcel Dekker, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Immunology, 'Phosgene, 'Respiration,
'Lung, Rats, Graphs(Charts), Tabies(Data), Reprints,
'Natural killer cells, 'Immunosuppression, Immunolo-
gic cytotoxicity.
PB90-198086/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Strategies for the Use of Computational SAR
Methods in Assessing Genotoxicity. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
A. M. Richard, J. R. Rabinowitz, and M. D. Waters.
C1989,18p EPA/600/J-89/269
Pub. in Mutation Research, v221 p181-196 1989.
The relationship between computational SAR studies
and relevant data gathering and generation activities is
complex. First, the chemical class to be studied is se-
lected on the basis of information requirements for
hazard identification and assessment. Membership In
the class is determined by consideration of chemical
structure and reactivity. Compilation of the existing bio-
assay data for this chemical class follows immediately
from the specification of the class. Bioassay data,
qualitative knowledge of general chemical reactivities
in this class, and knowledge concerning potential inter-
actions with biomolecular targets all contribute to the
derivation of possible mechanisms for biological activi-
ty. Computational studies based on modeling the pro-
posed mechanism of action and/or the existing data
base can provide a quantitative basis for the differen-
tiation between chemicals. There is the opportunity for
continuing feedback between the quantitative compu-
tational studies and the development of a relevant bio-
assay data base for this chemical class. The qualita-
tive and quantitative information on the potential bio-
logical responses obtained will provide a rational basis
for extrapolation from the extant data base to the
chemicals of interest, and to biological responses sig-
nificant to the assessment for which complete data are
unavailable. (Copyright (c) 1989 Elsevier Science Pub-
lishers B.V.)
Keywords: 'Mutagens, Reprints, 'Mutagenicity tests,
'Structure-activity relationships, 'Databases, Comput-
er simulation.
PB90-198094/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Nickel Absorption and Kinetics In Human Volun-
teer*. Journal article.
Connecticut Univ. Health Center, Farmington. School
of Medicine.
F. W. Sunderman, S. M. Hopfer, K. R. Sweeney, A. H.
Marcus, and B. M. Most. C1989,9p EPA/600/J-89/
270
Grant EPA-R813456
Pub. in Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Bi-
ology and Medicine, V191 p5-11 Apr 89. Prepared in
cooperation with NSI Technology Services Corp., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Sponsored by Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Mathematical modeling was performed of the kinetics
of nickel absorption, distribution and elimination in
healthy human volunteers, who ingested NiS04 in
drinking water or added food. Nickel was analyzed by
electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry
in serum, urine, and feces collected dunng 2 days
before and 4 days after a specified NiS04 dose (12 ug
Ni/kg, N=4; 18 ug Ni/kg, N=4; orSOug Ni/kg, N=1).
The study confirms that dietary constituents profound-
ly reduce the bioavailability of Ni2+ for alimentary ab-
sorption: approximately one-quarter of nickel ingested
in drinking water after an over-night fast is absorbed
from the numan intestine and excreted in urine, com-
pared to only one percent of nickel ingested In food.
The compartmentai model and kinetic parameters pro-
vided by the study will reduce the uncertainty of toxico-
logical risk assessments of human exposures to nickel
in drinking water and food. (Copyright (c) 1989 Society
of Experimental Biology and Medicine.)
Keywords: 'Nickel, 'Toxicology, Humans, Kidney,
Feces, Urine, Blood serum, Graphs(Charts), Reprints,
'Pharmacokinetics, Environmental exposure path-
ways, Atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
PB90-1M102/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Computerized Laboratory Notebook Concept for
Gen*tic Toxicology Experimentation and Testing.
Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
G. H. S. Strauss, W. L Stanford, and S. J. Berkowitz.
C1989,21p EPA/600/J-89/284
Pub. in Mutation Research, v222 p171-189 Jan 89.
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Health
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park,
NC.
The report describes a microcomputer system utilizing
the Computerized Laboratory Notebook (CLN) con-
cept developed for the purpose of automating the Bat-
tery of Leukocyte Tests (BLT). BLT was designed to
evaluate blood specimens for toxic, immunotoxic, and
genotoxic effects after in vivo exposure to putative mu-
tagens. A system was developed with the advantages
of low cost, limited spatial requirements, ease of use
for personnel inexperienced with computers, and ap-
plicability to specific testing yet flexibility for experi-
mentation. The system eliminates cumbersome record
keeping and repetitive analysis inherent in genetic toxi-
cology bioassays. Statistical analysis of the vast quan-
tity of data produced by the BLT would not be feasible
without a central database. The central database is
maintained by an integrated package which is adapted
to develop the CLN. The clonal assay of lymphocyte
mutagenesis (CALM) section of the CLN is demon-
strated. PC-Slaves expand the microcomputer to multi-
ple workstations so that the computerized notebook
can be used next to a hood while other work is done in
an office and instrument room simultaneously. Com-
munication with peripheral instruments is an indispen-
sable part of many laboratory operations. The report
presents a representative program, written to acquire
and analyze CALM data, for communicating with both
a liquid scintillation counter and an ELISA plate reader.
In conclusion it discusses how the computer system
could easily be adapted to the needs of other laborato-
ries. (Copyright (c) 1989 Elsevier Science Publishers
B.V.)
Keywords: 'Mutagens, 'Risk, "Toxicology, Microcom-
puters, Experimentation, Blood analysis, Statistical
analysis, Computer programs, Reprints, 'Computer
aided testing, Battery of Leukocyte Tests, Antibody-
toxin conjugates, Mutagenicity tests, Data bases.
PB90-198110/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Identifying Toxicants: NETAC's Toxicity-Based
Approach. Journal article.
National Effluent Toxicity Assessment Center, Duluth,
MN.
VJ!: ?urkhard, and G. T. Ankley. C1989, 7p EPA/600/
J-89/299
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v23
n12 p1438-1443 Dec 89.
Successful implementation of the National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program with
toxicity limits requires routine toxicity tests for monitor-
ing as well as protocols for performing Toxicity Reduc-
tion Evaluations (TREs). TREs are performed when
dischargers are not in compliance with their permits,
and are intended to determine measures needed to
maintain toxicity at acceptable levels. An integral part
?i„l™ TRE is the Toxicity Identification Evaluation
(TIE), which actually identifies the toxicants.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, Industrial wastes, Reprints,
Toxic substances, 'Environmental monitoring.
PB90-198128/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Chemical Speclatlon and Competitive Catlonlc
Partitioning on a Sandy Aquifer Material. Journal
article.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, QA.
N. T. Loux, D. S. Brown, C. R. Chafin, J. D. Allison, and
S. M. Hassan. C1989,17p EPA/600/J-89/292
Pub. in Chemical Specification and Bioavailability, vl
n3 p111 -125 Oct 89. Prepared in cooperation with
Technology Applications, Inc., Athens, GA„ Computer
Sciences Corp., Athens, GA., and Mansoura Univ.
(Egypt).
Coupled geochemical speciation/transport models are
being developed to assess potential transport of metal
contaminants in the subsurface environment. In a test
of the geochemical speciation portion of the effort,
MINTEQA2 model predictions are compared with labo-
ratory data concerning the pH dependent partitioning
behavior of eight cationic contaminants (Ba, Be, Co,
Cu Ni, Pb, Tl, and Zn) on a sandy aquifer material in an
oxidized environment. MINTEQA2 contains provisions
for describing potential attenuation due to both mineral
phase precipitation processes and adsorption proc-
esses resulting from amorphous iron oxides in aquifer
materials (MIT Diffuse Layer Model), in the compari-
son several trends were discerned. (1) Adsorptive
processes tend to better describe the pH-defwndent
partitioning behavior of transition metals (especially
Pb, Zn, and Ni). (2) Cd behavior is better described by
precipitation as a cadmium carbonate phase. (3) Cu
behavior is not reasonably described by the model. (4)
Ba and Be comparisons are poor (although presum-
ably their partitioning behavior results from adsorptive
and/or pH sensitive solid solution processes). (5)
Unlike the other elements, the behavior of Tl is rela-
tively insensitive to pH.
Keywords: 'Aquifers, 'Cations, Diffusion, pH, Metals,
Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data), Ground water, Re-
prints.
PB90-198136/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Identification of Bls(2-Chloroethyl) Ether Hydroly-
sis Products by Direct Aqueous injection GC/FT-
IR. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
W. D. Payne, and T. W. Collette. C1989,6p EPA/600/
J-89/291
Pub. in Jnl. of High Resolution Chromatography, v12
n10 p693-696 Oct 89.
Gas chromatography coupled to Fourier-transform in-
frared spectroscopy (GC/FT-IR) is rapidly becoming
an accepted analytical technique complementary to
GC/mass spectroscopy for identifying organic com-
pounds in mixtures at low to moderate concentrations.
Direct aqueous injection (DAI), developed primarily as
an alternative to the purge and trap method for the
analysis of volatile organics, is becoming a routine GC
technique for a broad range of compounds. Applica-
tion of DAI with water diversion using a two-position
valve should increase the utility of GC/FT-IR making it
easy to identify many hydrophilic analytes in aqueous
samples that were previously difficult, if not impossible,
to identify. For applications in which concentration en-
hancement is not necessary, the convenience of DAI
GC/FT-IR would be attractive even for analysis of ex-
tractable compounds. The real potential for this tech-
nique is that it provides an alternative to the less rou-
tine techniques of liquid chromatography/FT-IR and
super critical fluid/FTIR. (Copyright (c) 1989 Dr. Alfred
Huethig Publishers.)
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Gas chromatography,
'Infrared spectroscopy, 'Fourier analysis, Hydrolysis,
Liquid chromatography, Reprints, 'Ether/bis (2-cnlor-
oethyl).
PB90-198144/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Application of Expert System* Technology In
Water Quality Modeling. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
T. 0. Barnwell, L. C. Brown, and W. Marek. C1989,14p
EPA/600/J-89/290
Pub. in Water Science and Technology, v21 n8/9
~1045-1056 Sep 89. Prepared in cooperation with
Tufts Univ., Medford, MA. Dept. of Civil Engineering,
and Kentucky Univ., Lexington.
Computerized modeling is becoming an integral part of
decision making in water pollution control. Expert Sys-
tems is an innovative methodology that can assist in
building, using, and interpreting the output of the
models. The paper reviews the use and evaluates the
potential of expert systems technology in environmen-
tal modeling and describes the elements of an expert
advisor for the stream water quality model QUAL2E.
Some general conclusions are presented about the
tools available to develop the system, the level of
available technology in knowledge-based engineering,
and the value of approaching problems from a knowl-
edge engineering perspective.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Mathematical models,
Computerized simulation, Water pollution, Systems
analysis, Hydraulics, Reprints, 'Expert systems,
QUAL2E computer program.
PB90-198177/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Technology Evaluation Report: SITE Program
Demonstration of the Ultrox International Ultra-
violet Radiation/Oxidation Technology.
PRC Environmental Management, Inc., Chicago, IL.
G. Welshans, and K. Topudurti. Jan 90,141p EPA/
540/5-89/012
Contract EPA-68-03-3484
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The document presents the field evaluation results of
the ultraviolet radiation (UV)/oxidation technology de-
veloped by Ultrox International, Santa Ana, California.
The field evaluation of the technology was performed
at the Lorentz Barrel and Drum (LB&D) site in San
Jose, California, under the Superfund Innovative Tech-
nology Evaluation (SITE) program from February 27
through March 10,1989. The UV/oxidation technology
uses UV radiation, ozone, and hydrogen peroxide to
oxidize organic contaminants present in water. At the
LB&D site, this technology was evaluated in treating
ground water contaminated with volatile organic com-
pounds (VOCs). The Ultrox system achieved VOC re-
movals greater than 90%. The majority of VOC's were
removed through chemical oxidation. However, for a
few VOC's, such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA)
and 1,1-dichloroethane (1,1-DCA) stripping also con-
tributed toward removal. The treated ground water met
the applicable discharge standards (NPDES) for dis-
posal into a local waterway at 95% confidence level.
There were no harmful air emissions from the Ultrox
system into the atmosphere.
Keywords: 'Waste, 'Hazardous materials, 'Water pol-
lution control, 'Ground water, 'Ultraviolet radiation,
'Oxidation, Chemical analysis, Sampling, Ozone, Hy-
drogen peroxide, Performance evaluation, Field tests,
Stripping, Sites, Equipment, Cost analysis, 'Superfund
Innovative Technology Evaluation Program, 'Ultrox
treatment, 'Volatile organic compounds, Land pollu-
tion, Technology utilization, Environmental transport,
San Jose(California).
PB90-198581/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Temporal Variability Measurement of Specific
Volatile Organic Compounds. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
J. D. Pleil, W. A. McClenny, and K. D. Oliver. c1989,
16p EPA/600/J-89/313
Pub. in International Jnl. of Environmental Analytical
Chemistry, v37 p263-276 1989. Sponsored by Nor-
throp Services, Inc.. Research Triangle Park, NC.
Methodology was developed to determine unambig-
uously trace levels of volatile organic compounds as
they vary in concentration over a variety of time scales.
This capability is important because volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) are usually measured by tlme-inte-
grative techniques that average peak exposures to in-
significance. The specific method involves a prepro-
grammed sequential syringe sampler that can fill 150-
cu cm syringes with air at rates of 2 to 90 min per sy-
ringe. The 12 collected samples are then transported
to the laboratory for fully automated gas-chromatogra-
phic separation with mass spectrometry detection.
The instrumentation and method are described, and
representative results are given to document the varia-
bility in VOC concentrations in situations such as use
of household products and water outgassing In resi-
dential air, automobiles during driving, and office
indoor air that Is subject to ventilation system cycling.
The method is shown to perform automatically in bom
sampling and analytical modes. Contamination and
sample integrity tests show typical precision to be
about 10% relative standard deviation. Field tests
show that VOC concentrations can vary by greater
than an order of magnitude on different time scales.
(Copyright (c) 1989 Gordon and Breach, Science Pub-
lishers.)
Keywords:	urapns(urv
Concentration(Composition), Sampling, Syringes, Re-
prints, 'Volatile organic compounds, 'Indoor air pollu-
tion, 'Air pollution monitoring, Time factors.
Graphs(Chart8),
Re-
PB90-198S99/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Matter. Journal article.
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. W. Childers, N. K. Wilson, and R. K. Barbour. c1989
8p EPA/600/J-89/312
Contract EPA-68-02-4444
Pub. in Applied Spectroscopy, v4 n8 p1344-1349
1989. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Re-
search and Exposure Assessment Lab.
The capabilities of gas chromatography/matrix isola-
tion-infrared (GC/MI-IR) spectrometry for detecting
and identifying polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs) in urban air particulate matter are demonstrat-
ed. The ability of GC/MI-IR to discriminate between
PAH isomers that are difficult to distinguish by conven-
tional electron-impact ionization gas chromatography/
mass spectrometry is shown. The MI-IR spectra of
PAHs obtained under GC/MI-IR conditions are compa-
rable to those reported in the literature that were ob-
tained by using slow-spray-on matrix deposition tech-
niques. (Copyright (c) 1989 Society for Applied Spec-
troscopy.)
Keywords: "Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Chemi-
cal analysis, Urban areas, Gas chromatography, Infra-
red spectroscopy, Combustion products, Exhaust
emissions, Stereochemistry, Reprints, 'Air pollution
detection, 'Organic matter, 'Particulates, Matrix isola-
tion, Fourier transform spectrometers.
PBSO-198607/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Development and Evaluation of Instrumentation
for Measurement of Indoor Air Quality. Journal ar-
ticle.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
R. G. Lewis. C1989,8p EPA/600/J-89/311
Proceedings of World Clean Air Congress (8th), The
Hague, The Netherlands, September 11-15,1989.
Under its Indoor Air Quality research program, the U.
S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has devel-
oped several new air monitoring systems for assess-
ment of nonoccupational exposures to chemicals
found primarily in indoor air. Integrating and real-time
(continuous) instruments for nitrogen dioxide, carbon
monoxide, formaldehyde and a broad spectrum of
volatile organic chemicals have been designed and
field tested for indoor air and/or personal exposure
monitoring. Samplers capable of collecting sufficient
quantities of semivolatile organic chemicals for ultra-
trace analysis and bioassay, which are also quiet and
unobtrusive, have been developed and evaluated.
Keywords: 'Buildings, 'Environmental engineering,
'Particles,	Continuous	sampling,
Concentration(Compo8ition), Exposure, Public health,
Pesticides, Carbon oxides, Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, Radon, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocar-
bons, Nitrogen oxides, 'Indoor air pollution, 'Air qual-
ity, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Personnel monitoring, 'Air
pollution monitors, Volatile organic compounds.
PB90-188615/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Production of Chlorine Atoms from the Reaction
of OH with Chlorinated Hydrocarbon*. Journal arti-
cle.
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
T. E. Klelndienst, P. B. Shepson, C. M. Nero, and J. J.
Bufalini. C1989,24p EPA/600/J-89/310
Contract EPA-68-02-4443
Pub. in International Jnl. of Chemical Kinetics, v21
p863-884 1989. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospher-
ic Research and Exposure Assessment Lab.
Measurements from previous studies have shown that
when hydroxyl radicals react with various chlorinated
hydrocarbons under atmospheric conditions, free chlo-
rine atoms can be produced. The technique described
in the study involves scavenging CI atoms produced by
the reaction (using ethylene or propylene as the scav-
enger) and then measuring the yield of the stable
chlorinated product generated. CI atom yields were de-
termined for allyl chloride, vinyl chloride, vinylidene
chloride, trichloroethylene, and benzyl chloride. The
experiments were performed by Irradiating mixtures of
CH30NO/NO/chlorinated hydrocarbon/aikene in air
in 160-L Teflon chambers. The yields for the reaction
of CI atoms with the alkenes generating the stable
products were determined in separate experiments.
Yields for the formation of CI atoms upon reaction with
hydroxyl radicals are as follows (with 1 sigma devi-
ation): allyl chloride: 0.37 + or - 0.10, vinyl chloride:
0.04 + or - 0.01, vinylidene chloride: 0.23 + or - 0.09,
trichloroethylene: 0.63 + or - 0.34, and benzyl chlo-
ride: 0.08 + 0.03. (Copyright (c) 1989 John Wiley &
Sons, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Chlorine, 'Chlorohydrocarbons, 'Chemi-
cal reactions, Tables(Data), Yield, Reprints, 'Hydroxyl
radicals.
PB90-198623/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Atmospheric Dispersion in the Artie: Winter-Time
Boundary-Layer Measurements. Journal article.
Washington State Univ., Pullman.
A. Guenther, and B. Lamb. c1989,30p EPA/600/J-
89/322
Grant EPA-CR812775
Pub. in Boundary-Layer Meteorology, v49 p339-366
1989. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Re-
search and Exposure Assessment Lab.
In the paper, the authors present measurements of tur-
bulence and boundary-layer structure over open
winter-time tundra with an emphasis upon the implica-
tions of these observations for pollutant dispersion
modeling. Vertical profiles of mean wind speed, wind
direction and temperature are described, in addition to
fluctuations in these quantities. Dispersion coefficients
are estimated and compared with the open terrain
tracer plume measurements. The work is part of an
arctic dispersion modeling program supported by the
EPA Cold Climate Research Program. In other aspects
of the program, they have investigated plume down-
wash and dispersion at an arctic industrial site using
wind-tunnel model studies and atmospheric tracer field
studies. (Copyright (c) 1989 Kluwer Academic Publish-
ers).
Keywords: 'Atmospheric diffusion, 'Winter, 'Meteor-
ology, 'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, Sulfur
hexafluoride, Turbulence, Plumes, Wind(Meteorology),
Field tests, Experimental design,
Concentration(Composition), Sites, Prudhoe Bay,
Tundra, Reprints, 'Tracer studies, 'Atmospheric
boundary layer, 'Arctic regions, Environmental trans-
port, Atmospheric temperature.
PB90-198631/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Metabolism, Toxicity, and Carcinogenicity of
Trichloroethylene. Journal article.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
J. V. Bruckner, B. D. Davis, and J. N. Blancato. c1989,
22p EPA/600/J-89/321
Pub. in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, v20 n1 p31-50
1989. Prepared in cooperation with CH2M/Hill,
Reston, VA., and Georgia Univ., Athens. Dept. of Phar-
macology and Toxicology.
Lifetime cancer or unit risk estimates for trichloroethy-
lene (TRI) have been calculated on the basis of metab-
olized dose-tumor incidence relationships. Previously,
it was common practice to directly extrapolate expo-
sure dose-tumor Incidence data from laboratory animal
studies to predict cancer risks in humans. Such direct
species-to-spedes extrapolations, however, do not
take into account potentially important species differ-
ences in pharmacokinetics. The consideration and use
of pharmacokinetics and metabolic data can signifi-
cantly reduce, though not eliminate, uncertainties in-
herent in species-to-species, route-to-route, and high-
to low-dose extrapolations. The total amount of TRI
metabolized was considered in the most recent EPA
Health Assessment Document for Trichloroethylene to
be the effective dose (EFD) produced tumors.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Metabolism, 'Vinyl chloride,
Kidney, Liver, Laboratory animals, Reprints, 'Carcino-
genicity tests, Pharmacokinetics, Dose-response rela-
tionships.
PB90-198649/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Status of the Development of Water Quality Crite-
ria and Advisories.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
D. J. Hansen. c1989,10p ERLN-1070
Pub. in Water Quality Standards for the 21st Century,
p163-1691989.
For over 30 years, scientists have recommended the
use of data from laboratory toxicity tests to produce
chemical concentrations that would protect aquatic
life. Several publications from the 1950s through the
1970s list water quality criteria concentrations for
metals, organic chemicals, and other substances or
conditions. Procedures used to derive criteria in these
publications varied, as did the quality or quantity of
data. Criteria documents published in 1980 in re-
sponse to the legal requirements of the 'Consent
Decree' (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1980)
mark the first time criteria concentrations were derived
using standard guidelines (Stephan et al. 1985). Crite-
ria documents published since have also used these
national guidelines. Between 1980 and 1988, chemi-
cals for criteria derivation were selected by using legal
requirements, EPA's Criteria and Standards Division's
hazard-ranking methodology, and input from States. A
total of 73 aquatic life criteria documents for individual
substances were published in the 1980s. Of these, cri-
teria concentrations to protect freshwater aquatic life
and their uses are recommended for 27 substances
and for 21 substances to protect saltwater aquatic life.
Criteria concentrations for nine metals, cyanide, and
toxaphene, published in 1985,1986, and 1987 super-
cede those published in 1980. In addition, criteria con-
centrations published between 1980 and 1988 super-
cede those previously issued.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Toxicity, 'Aquatic biology,
Concentration(Composition), Sites, Metals, Experi-
mental design, Organic chemicals, Cyanides, Reprints,
'Water pollution standards, 'Maximum permissible ex-
posure, Biological indicators, Aquatic ecosystems,
Ranking.
PB90-198656/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Aluminum Precipitation and Dissolution Rates In
Spodosol Bs Horizons in the Northeastern USA.
Journal article.
Syracuse Univ., NY. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
A. Dahlgren, C. T. Driscoil, and D. C. McAvoy. c1989,
10p EPA/600/J-89/305
Pud. in Soil Science Society of America Jnl., v53 n4
p1045-1052 Jul-Aug 89. Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
The present study was undertaken to verify some of
the assumptions involved in the modeling of Al geo-
chemistry in Spodosols of the northeastern USA. Spe-
cific objectives were to determine if there is a mineral
phase in the Bs horizons which regulates Al(3+) ac-
tivities, evaluate the rate at which precipitation and dis-
solution reactions occur with the controlling mineral
phase (referred to as AI(OH)3 precipitation hereafter,
since the specific reactions controlling Al(3+) activity
in soil solutions are unknown), and provide process-
level information for the development of simulation
models that depict Al retention/release and the acidifi-
cation of drainage waters. The Bs horizon was chosen
because it is the soil horizon thought to most influence
surface water chemistry in these shallow Spodosols.
Keywords: 'Computerized simulation, 'Aluminum,
*Precipitation(Chemlstry), 'Reaction kinetics, 'Geo-
chemistry, 'Soil science, Acidification, Surface waters,
Neutralization, Water chemistry, Watersheds, Dissolv-
ing, Water pollution, Horizon, Reprints, 'Northeast
Region(United States), 'Spodosols, Case studies.
PB90-198664/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Increased 8-Hydroxyguanlne Content of Chloro-
plast DNA from Ozone-Treated Plants. Journal arti-
cle.
Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma
City.
R. A. Floyd, M. S. West, W. E. Hogsett, and D. T.
Tingey. C1989,6p EPA/600/J-89/303
Grant EPA-CR-812710-01-0
Pub. in Plant Physiology 91, p644-647 1989. Spon-
sored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
The mechanism of ozone-mediated plant injury is not
known but has been postulated to Involve oxygen free
radicals. Hydroxyl free radicals react with DNA causing
formation of many products, one of which is 8-hydroxy-
guanine. By using nigh performance liquid chromatog-
raphy with electrochemical detection, the 8-hydroxy-
2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) content of a DNA enzy-
matic digest can be sensitively quantitated. Beans and
peas were treated with an ozone regime that caused
acute injury. Chloroplast DNA was obtained from
plants harvested either immediately after ozone treat-
ment or 24 hours later. Ozone-exposed plants in gen-
eral had nearly two-fold higher levels of 8-OHdG as
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
compared to control plants. In vitro treatment of DNA
in buffer solution with ozone did not cause formation of
8-OHdG in DNA, even though ozone did react directly
with the macromolecule per se. Exposure of isolated il-
luminated chloroplasts to ozone caused nearly a
seven-fold increase in the amount of 8-OHdG in the
chloroplast DNA as compared to none-oxone-exposed
chloroplasts. The results suggest that ozone exposure
to plants causes formation of enhanced levels of
oxygen free radicals, thus mediating formation of 8-
OHdG in chloroplast DNA. The reaction of ozone with
DNA per se did not cause formation of 8-OHdG.
Keywords: "Deoxyribonucleic acids, 'Plant genetics,
"Ozone, "Chloroplasts, Free radicals, Tables(Data),
Beans, Peas, Reprints, "Air pollution effects(Plants),
•Hydroxy guanine, DNA damage, Phaseolus vulgaris,
Pisum sativum.
PB90-198672/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Generation of Soil Solution Acld-Neutrallzing Ca-
pacity by Addition of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon.
Journal article.
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign. Dept. of Forestry.
M. B. David, and G. F. Vance. c1989,6p EPA/600/J-
89/304
Pub. in Jnl. of American Chemical Society, v53 n4
p1242-1247 Jul-Aug 89. Sponsored by Corvallis Envi-
ronmental Research Lab., OR.
A Spodosol B horizon (base saturation of 5.4%) col-
lected at the Watershed Manipulation Project site at
Lead Mountain, ME, was used to examine soil solution
chemistry In response to increasing solution levels of
dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). Acid-neutralizing ca-
pacity (ANC), determined by Gran titration, increased
from -5 to 163 mw equiv/L in response to increasing
DIC, with a corresponding increase in base cations
(Ga2 + , Mg2+, K+, and Na+). For the negative ANC
solutions, degassing increased solution pH (in equilib-
rium with atmospheric C02) slightly from 4.94 to 5.14,
whereas solutions with positive ANC showed large pH
shifts (e.g., ANC of 69, pH shift from 4.73 to 6.81).
Under equilibrium assumptions and log K(sub A1) de-
termined from 2.66pH-pAI, measured values from
ANC, sum of cations, pH, and degassed pH were
found to be in agreement with predictions from a
chemical equilibrium model. (Copynght (c) 1989 Ameri-
can Chemical Society.)
Keywords: "Soil chemistry, Chemical equilibrium,
Carbon, Tables(Data), pH, Carbon dioxide. Reprints,
Acid neutralizing capacity.
PB90-198680/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Particle Beam Liquid Chromatography-Electron
Impact Mass Spectrometry of Dyes. Journal article.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
J. Yinon, T. L. Jones, and L. D. Betowski. cNov 89,12p
EPA/600/J-89/320
Pub, in Journal of Chromatography, v482 p75-851989.
Dyestuffs are of major environmental interest because
of their widespread use as colorants in a variety of
products, such as textiles, paper, leather, gasoline and
foodstuffs. Synthetic intermediates, byproducts and
degradation products of these dyes could be potential
health hazards owing to their toxicity and/or carcino-
genicity. A liquid chromatograph was interfaced with a
triple quadrupole mass spectrometer by means of a
particle beam-type interface. The system was used for
the analysis and characterization by electron impact
mass spectra of a series of commercial dyes. The pure
dyes were separated from their impurities with a re-
versed-phase C18 column using methanol-water as
the mobile phase. Detection limits were determined
using the system as a single quadrupole mass spec-
trometer. Sensitivity for dyes was found to be two to
three orders of magnitude worse than with thermos-
pray ionization using a wire repeller. Characterization
of the azo dyes could be achieved by observing typical
fragment ions formed by cleavage of the N-C and C-N
bond on either side of the azo linkage and/or cleavage
of the N=N double bond with transfer of two hydrogen
atoms to form an amine. (Copyright (c) 1989 Elsevier
Science Publishers B.V.)
Keywords: "Dyes, "Chemical analysis, "Mass spec-
troscopy, Spectrum analysis, Azo dyes. Performance
evaluation, Chemical bonds, Experimental design. Re-
prints, "Environmental monitoring, Liquid chromatog-
1550 Vol. 90, No. 24
raphy, Electron impact, High performance liquid chro-
matography.
PB90-198698/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
Inexpensive Method for Repair of YSI Model 403
Thermistor Probes. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
L. J. Herman. C1989,4p EPA/600/J-89/318
Pub. in Progressive Fish-Culturist, v51 p170-171 1989.
An inexpensive method of refurbishing failed YSI
(Yellow Springs Instrument) thermistor probes by use
of epoxy resin has been developed. The faulty thermis-
tor is severed, a new one is soldered on, and the unit is
sealed with epoxy resin in a glass test tube.
Keywords: "Epoxy resins, "Thermistors, "Fixatives,
"Water temperature, Test tubes, Failure, Temperature
control, Performance evaluation, Soldering, Reprints.
PB90-198706/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Survival, Blood Osmolality, and Gill Morphology
of Juvenile Yellow Perch, Rock Bass, Black Crap-
ple, and Largemouth Bass Exposed to Acidified
Soft Water. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. H. McCormick, K. M. Jensen, and R. L. Leino. C1989,
15p EPA/600/J-89/317
Pub. in Transactions of the American Fisheries Socie-
ty, v118 p386-399 1989. Prepared in cooperation with
AScI Corp., Duluth, MN., and Minnesota Univ., Minne-
apolis. Medical School.
When exposed to a range of pH from 7.0 to 4.0 in soft
water (1 mg Ca(2+)/L), juvenile rock bass Ambloplites
rupestris, black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus, and
largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides showed a ca-
pacity to osmoregulate and survive for up to 30 d at pH
4.5 and above. Juvenile yellow perch Perca flavescens
maintained osmoregulatory control through 58 d at pH
5.0. All four species lost osmoregulatory control at pH
4.0, and death of fish ensued within a few days after
blood osmolality declined to about 200 mosmol/kg or
less (normal values, about 300 mosmol/kg). After 58 d
of exposure of pH 4.0, mean blood osmolality of yellow
perch was 218 mosmol/kg, and these fish were se-
verely emaciated and moribund. Rock bass, black
crappie, and largemouth bass all died by days 29, 16,
and 9, respectively, when exposed to pH 4.0. Examina-
tion of gills showed progressively increased pathology
with longer exposures to lower than normal pH. Among
fish exposed to low pH, gill hyperplasia was present
most often, but epithelial hypertrophy, chloride-cell
proliferation, chloride-cell degeneration, edema, and
vacuolization of the tissues also were observed. Mor-
phological changes that were observed in the three
centrarchids at pH values above pH 4.0 suggested that
gill pathology may be a more sensitive indicator of po-
tentially lethal acid stress than blood osmolality.
Keywords: "Acidification, "Fishes, "Toxicity, pH, Expo-
sure, Fresh water biology, Pathology, Blood analysis,
Histology, Morphology, Reprints, Environmental ef-
fects, "Aquatic ecosystems, "Water pollution
effects(Animals), Biological indicators.
PB90-198714/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Ensuring the Quality of Geographic Information
Systsm Data: A Practical Application of Quality
Control. Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
W. G. Campbell, and D. C. Mortenson. c1989,8p*
EPA/600/J-89/306
Pub. in Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote
Sensing, v55 n11p1613-16181989. Prepared in coop-
eration with NSI Technology Services Corp., Corvallis,
OR.
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are a valuable
tool for many types of environmental analysis. Errors
within GIS data, however, can limit the usefulness of
GIS technology. To control and document the error in-
troduced during data entry, the authors have instituted
a series of Qualify Control (QC) procedures for use
within the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's
Direct/Delayed Response Project (DDRP). Central to
their approach has been the use of formalized log
sheets detailing the steps necessary for validating and
digitizing mapped data. Additionally, they have evalu-
ated the accuracy and precision of the data at specific
stages of the data entry process. At critical stages,
these formalized evaluations were independently re-
peated. The authors believe that the establishment of
OC procedures within the DDRP has led to very low
error rates associated with GIS data entry. Their proce-
dures and techniques described within the paper have
other applications within the GIS community. (Copy-
right (c) 1989 American Society for Photogrammetry
and Remote Sensing.)
Keywords: "Information systems, "Quality control,
Data processing, Quality assurance, Error analysis,
Uncertainty, Water pollution, Acidification, Surface
waters, Reprints, "Geographic information systems,
Direct/Delayed Response Project, Case studies, Data
base management, US EPA.
PB90-198722/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Preprocessing, Variable Selection, and Classifica-
tion Rules In the Application of SIMCA Pattern
Recognition to Mass Spectral Data. Journal article.
Illinois Univ. at Chicago Circle.
W. J. Dunn, S. L. Emery, W. Graham Glen, and D. R.
Scott. C1989, 9p EPA/600/J-89/316
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v23
n12 1989. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Re-
search and Exposure Assessment Lab.
In a recent report a strategy was proposed for the clas-
sification and identification of toxic organic compounds
observed in ambient air from mass spectra using com-
putational pattern recognition based on SIMCA princi-
pal components modeling of the autocorrelation trans-
formed mass spectra. With this technique very good
classification and identification results (87% and 84%,
respectively) were obtained with GC/MS from training
and calibration data for the 78 toxic compounds target-
ed for routine monitoring in ambient air. However,
when applied to GC/MS ambient air field data, a
number of hydrocarbons were incorrectly classified as
chlorocarbons indicating that the training sets were not
optimal for discriminating between these classes. A
new strategy for data reprocessing, variable selection
and class model optimization has been developed to
solve this problem. Only the sixteen most intense ions
in each mass spectrum are retained. The MS data are
scaled by taking the square root of the Intensities and
the autocorrelation transform is then taken. A training
class has been introduced for hydrocarbons in addition
to three other classes. The original SIMCA classifica-
tion rule has been modified to give a more reasonable
approximation of the training set pattern structure and
object distances from the class models. (Copyright (c)
1989 American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Computerized sim-
ulation, "Pattern recognition, Gas chromatography,
Mass spectroscopy, Calibrating, Performance evalua-
tion, Reprints, "Air pollution detection, "Toxic sub-
stances.
PB90-198730/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Advanced Methodologies for Sampling and Analy-
sis of Toxic Organic Chemicals in Ambient Out-
door, Indoor, and Personal Respiratory Air. Jour-
nal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
R. G. Lewis. c1989,19p EPA/600/J-89/315
Pub. in Jnl. of the Chinese Chemical Society, v36 n4
p261-277 1989.
Many different kinds of sampling devices and analyti-
cal techniques are required to assess the potential ad-
verse effects of toxic air pollutants on human health
and the ecosystem. The U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency has an on-going research and develop-
ment program designed to provide the necessary tools
to monitor air qualify both outdoors and indoors and to
measure personal respiratory exposures. Particular
emphasis in recent years has been placed on real-time
and integrative methods for neutral and polar volatile
organic chemicals (e.g.. chlorinated hydrocarbons
single-ring aromatics, alcohols, aldehydes, ethers'
thiols, nitriles) and semivolatile organics (e.g., polynu-
clear aromatics, nitrated aromatics, pesticides, phen-
ols). Samplers capable of obtaining sufficient quanti-
ties of chemicals for ultratrace analyses and some-
times bioassay, that are also quiet, unobtrusive and
user-friendlv, are being developed and evaluated for
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
cal techniques such as matrix-isolation GC/FTIR, and
supercritical fluid extraction and chromatography are
being adapted to characterize collected samples.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Bioassays,
Concentration(Composition), Aromatic polycyclic hy-
drocarbons, Industrial hygiene, Gas chromatography,
Infrared spectroscopy, Continuous sampling, Pesti-
cides, Ecology, Extraction, Reprints, Toxic sub-
stances, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Air pollution detec-
tion, 'Air pollution eflects(Humans), 'Air quality, "Per-
sonnel monitoring, Volatile organic compounds, Occu-
pational safety and health, Fourier transform spec-
trometers, Matrix isolation, Supercritical fluid chroma-
tography, High volume samplers.
PB90-198748/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Pesticide Sources to the Soil and Principle* of
Spray Phyeics.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
C. M. Himel, H. Loats, and G. W. Bailey. 1990,85p
EPA/600/D-90/007
Prepared in cooperation with Georgia Univ., Athens.
Dept. of Entomology, and Loats Associates, Westmin-
ister, MD.
In the past 50 years, organic pesticides have greatly
enhanced the production and quality of food, feed, and
fiber as well as the control of disease vectors and
pests adversely affecting human health and welfare. In
this review of the pesticides literature, the pesticide
source term is characterized as it determines the pri-
mary and secondaiy pathways of transport to the soil
surface. Factors influencing intra- and inter-compart-
mental transport are defined from a modeling perspec-
tive. Principles of spray physics are discussed, includ-
ing the influence of application methodology, the influ-
ence of formulation on spray propagation, the effects
of drift impingement to offslte areas, the metabolic effi-
cacy of formulations in killing pests. Also described are
predictive models of the movement of sprayed pesti-
cides.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Soil surveys, 'Spraying, 'Or-
ganic compounds, Reviews, Sources, Pest control,
Mass transfer, Performance evaluation, Impingement,
Mathematical models, Atomizing, Drops(Liquids) Can-
opies, Sedimentation, 'Environmental transport, Path
of pollutants, Case studies, Risk assessment, Environ-
mental persistence.
PB90-198839/HSU	PC A09/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Statu* and Management of Pugat Sound's Biologi-
cal Re*ourc*».
PTI Environmental Services, Bellevue, WA.
J. W. Armstrong, and A. E. Copping. Jan 90,196p
EPA/910/9-90/001
Contract EPA-68-D8-008
Proceedings of the Forum on Puget Sound's Biological
Resources, Status and Management, Seattle, WA.,
September 11-12, 1989. Prepared in cooperation with
Puget Sound Water Quality Authority, Seattle, WA.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seat-
tle, WA. Region X.
The species inhabiting Puget Sound are under Increas-
ing pressure from both human harvesting and environ-
mental degradation. Information on the status of Puget
Sound's biological resources and descriptions of the
state agency programs for managing these resources
are difficult to find. The report consists of articles writ-
ten by resource managers to describe the status and
trends of the resources for which they are responsible.
In addition the management challenges being faced by
each program manager are discussed. Examples of
the management issues include: Are management pri-
orities changing, and why or why not; Are existing regu-
lations and enforcement efforts protecting our re-
sources; Do management programs have adequate
funding and staff; and Are there mechanisms in place
to address new and emerging resource problems.
Keywords: 'Marine biology, 'Puget Sound, Shellfish,
Fishes, Wildlife, Meetings, Aquatic animals, Project
management, Fisheries, Estuaries, Statistical data,
Washfngton(State), 'Natural resources management,
State programs. Program evaluation.
PB90-198847/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Urban Bay Action Program Approach: A Focused
Toxics Control Strategy.
PTI Environmental Services, Bellevue, WA.
R. A. Pastorok, M. A. Jacobson, P. N. Booth, and L. A.
Jacobs. Jan 90,65p EPA/910/9-90/002
Contract EPA-68-D8-0085
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seat-
tle, WA. Region X.
The report provides an overview of a strategy for con-
trolling sources of toxic contamination and associated
biological effects in estuarine environments. Known as
the urban bay approach, this toxics control strategy
has been applied in bays throughout Puget Sound. The
report is intended to serve as a guide to the urban bay
approach for managers of environmental regulatory
programs. The approach was developed and refined in
the Puget Sound region, and is recommended for ap-
plication in other estuaries. Specific recommendations
are included throughout the report and examples from
the Puget Sound region are used to illustrate the appli-
cation of the approach. The objectives of the urban
bay action program are to identify specific toxic areas
of concern, identify historical and ongoing sources of
contamination, rank 'problem areas' and sources in
terms of priority for corrective action, and implement
corrective actions to reduce current contamination
sources. An approach similar to the one described
here for controlling toxic contaminants can also be ap-
plied to reduce microbial contamination and eutroph-
¦cation.
Keywords: 'Puget Sound, 'Water pollution control,
'Estuaries, 'Chemical compounds, 'Sediments,
'Water quality management, Industrial wastes, Leak-
age, Inspection, Site surveys, Law enforcement,
Guidelines, 'Toxic substances, 'Source reduction,
'Biological effects, Pollution sources, Pollution regula-
tion, Regional analysis, Storm water runoff, Fugitive
emissions, Sewage treatment plants, Sediment-water
Interfaces, Remedial action, Environmental quality,
Technology transfer.
PB90-198862/HSU	PC A23/MF A03
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Elliott Bay Action Program: Evaluation of Poten-
tial Contaminant Source*. Puget Sound Estuary
Program. Final Report and Appendices.
TetraTech, Inc., Bellevue, WA.
B. Schmoyer, R. Luce, V. Fagerness, and L. Kilpatrick-
Howard. Sep 88,541 p EPA/910/9-88/239A,, EPA/
910/9-88/239B
Contract EPA-68-02-4341
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seat-
tle, WA. Region X.
The evaluation of potential contaminant sources in El-
liott Bay and the lower Duwamish River, Seattle, has
two major components: identification and ranking of
CSO's (Combined Sewers Overflows) and storm
drains based on concentrations of chemical contami-
nants measured in drain sediments; identification of re-
lationships between potential contaminant sources
and the nigh-priority problem areas identified in the re-
ceiving environment. Available information on drain-
age basin areas, discharge locations, contaminant
loading, flow rates, permitted facilities and historical
problem sites was used to identify, evaluate and rank
potential sources of contaminants. Potential sources
can be divided into seven major categories:
wastewater treatment plants, CSO's, industrial dis-
charges, groundwater, atmospheric deposition, sur-
face runoff and accidental spills. Problem chemicals in
each drain were identified on either of the following cri-
teria: levels exceeded highest Apparent Effects
Threshold (AET) values for chemicals where AET
values have been derived, or levels exceeded 90th
percentile of all concentration values. Problem drains
were ranked on the following criteria: number of prob-
lem chemicals in a drain; magnitude of Elevation
Above Reference (EAR) sediment chemistry; contami-
nant loading index for each drain. Sediment samples
were collected from 7 CSO's, 20 storm drains and 15
CSO/storm drains.
Keywords: 'Elliott Bay, 'Duwamish River, 'Water pol-
lution control, 'Sediments, 'Puget Sound
Concentration(Composition), Combined sewera. Over-
flow, Storm sewers, Industrial wastes, Watersheds
Urban areas, Tables(Data), Ground water, Site sur-
veys, 'Pollution sources, 'Source reduction, 'Water
pollution sampling, Atmospheric precipitation,
Seattle(Washington), Sediment-water interfaces,
Storm water runoff, Sewage treatment plants, Chemi-
cal spills, Storm water drainage.
PB90-198870/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Elliott Bay Action Program: Guidance for Develop-
ment of Monitoring Program* to Evaluate the Suc-
cess of Source Control within Drainage Basins.
Puget Sound Estuary Program. Final rept.
TetraTech, Inc., Bellevue, WA.
B. Day, J. Jacoby, and S. Trevathan. Sep 88,77p EPA/
910/9-88/243
Contract EPA-68-02-4341
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seat-
tle, WA. Region X.
The report describes development of a monitoring pro-
gram in Seattle to evaluate the effectiveness of source
controls in reducing toxic contamination in drains and
in the receiving environment. The maximum annual
budget for the program is approximately $50,000. Dif-
ferent approaches are proposed to provide agencies
the flexibility to accommodate different goals and re-
sources. Assumptions include: type and degree of
source control is known; sediment is the optimum
sampling medium; analysis of drain sediment samples
have higher priority than receiving environment sam-
ples; chemical analysis has higher priority than biologi-
cal analysis; sediment toxicity is a more useful indica-
tor of contamination than is altered benthic community
structure. An important step in the program design is to
review the historical data to determine whether other
sources or other chemicals within the monitored drain
system could confound interpretation of the monitoring
data. The major considerations in design are genera-
tion of baseline data, sampling season, sampling sta-
tion locations and sampling frequency. After baseline
data collection recommended sampling frequency is
every 2-3 years.
Keywords: 'Puget Sound, 'Elliott Bay, 'Water pollu-
tion control, 'Watersheds, 'Sediments, 'Duwamish
River, Performance evaluation, Chemical analysis, Site
surveys, Design criteria, Concentration(Composition),
Urban areas, Environmental monitoring, 'Water pol-
lution sampling, 'Source reduction, Water pollution de-
tection, Seattle(Washington), Sediment-water inter-
faces, Baseline measurements, Toxic substances,
Pollution sources.
PB90-198888/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Elliott Bay Action Program: The Relationship be-
tween Source Control and Recovery of Contami-
nated Sediment* In Two Problem Area*. Puget
Sound Estuary Program. Final rept.
Tetra Tech, Inc., Bellevue, WA.
L. Kilpatrick-Howard, J. Jacoby, and W. Brownlie. Jun
88,109p EPA/910/9-88/208
Contract EPA-68-02-4341
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seat-
tle, WA. Region X.
Results are presented from a study to evaluate the re-
lationship between source control and mitigation of
sediment contamination in two high-priority problem
areas in Elliott Bay, Seattle. The time necessary for
sediment concentrations to be reduced to target
cleanup levels after complete source elimination is es-
timated for each problem area through application of
the Sediment Contamination Assessment Model
(SEDCAM), using a mass-balance equation, devel-
oped for Commencement Bay. The important varia-
bles include: concentration of problem chemicals in re-
cently deposited material and surface sediments; sedi-
mentation rates, mixed layer depth and the rate at
which problem chemicals are lost due to biodegrada-
tion and diffusion across the sediment-water interface.
In addition, the model predicts the fraction of source
control required to maintain sediment concentrations
at the target cleanup levels for each problem area.
Keywords: 'Puget Sound, 'Elliott Bay, 'Water pollu-
tion control, 'Materials recovery, 'Sediments, 'Chemi-
cal compounds, 'Duwamish River, Mathematical
models, Sites, Mass balance,
Concentration(Composition), Performance evaluation,
Overflow, Combined sewers, Urban areas, Sedimenta-
tion, Biodeterioration, Diffusion, 'Source reduction,
'Environmental transport, 'Sediment contamination
assessment model, Seattle(Washington), Sediment-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
water interfaces, Water pollution sampling, Cleanup
operations, Remedial action, Pollution sources.
PB90-198896/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Elliott Bay Action Program: Storm Drain Monitor-
ing Approach. Puget Sound Estuary Program.
Final rept.
TetraTech, Inc., Bellevue, WA.
B. Schmoyer, J. Jacoby, and J. Virgin. Jun 88,158p
EPA/910/9-88/207
Contract EPA-68-02-4341
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seat-
tle, WA. Region X.
Stormwater runoff in storm drains is difficult to monitor
because of its intermittent and highly variable nature.
An alternative to discharge sampling, for screening for
contamination, is in-line sediment sampling from low
energy sections (manholes and shallow-sloped lines)
of the drainage system. The Puget Sound Urban Bay
Action Program for Elliott Bay has developed a four-
phased monitoring approach for tracing contaminants
and identifying sources of toxic contaminants in storm
drain systems: compilation of available information to
define the storm drain system, drainage basin charac-
teristics and conditions in the receiving environment;
collection of in-line sediment samples near the mouths
of storm drains to identify contaminated drainage sys-
tems; selection of problem drains for further intensive
inspection and conducting sampling activities to trace
contaminants and identify the ultimate sources of con-
tamination; confirmation of contaminant contributions
from individual sources and identification of sources by
collecting water samples from side drain connections
that discharge into the storm drain. The results from
one phase determine the necessary actions in each
successive phase.
Keywords: 'Elliott Bay, 'Storm sewers, "Sediments,
l ver' 'Chemical compounds, "Puget
Sound, Discharges, Substitutes, Site surveys, Industri-
al wastes, Urban areas. Water flow, "Water pollution
sampling Environmental monitoring, Toxic sub-
Stances, Storm water runoff, Seattle(Washington), Pol-
lution sources, Tracer studies.
PB90-198961/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC.
Analysis and Evaluation Div.
National Sewage Sludge Survey (NSSS). Data Ele-
ment Dictionary for the Questionnaire and Analyt-
ical Data Bases.
Science Applications International Corp., McLean, VA.
30 Mar 90,188p* EPA/DF/MT-90/028A
Contracts EPA-68-03-3453, EPA-68-C9-0019
For system on magnetic tape, see PB90-501834 Pre-
pared in cooperation with Viar and Co., Alexandria, VA.
Sample Control Center. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Analysis and
Evaluation Div.
A data element dictionary including variable naming
conventions, file formats, unique identifier variables
and sampling weights and their use in estimation algo-
rithms is provided for the 1988 National Sewage
Sludge Use and Disposal Survey (NSSS). The survey
sponsored by the United States Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, is comprised of a Questionnaire and Ana-
lytical component. Data resulted from two stratified na-
tional probability samples of secondary treatment Pub-
licly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs). General oper-
ating, financial, and use disposal practice data were
collected in the Questionnaire component of the
survey. Data are contained in the NSSS data base
subtitled '1988 Sewage Sludge Use and Disposal
Questionnaire Survey.' Chemical concentrations from
sludge samples collected just prior to disposal are re-
ported in the Analytical component of the survey. Data
from the Analytical component of the survey are con-
tained in the data base subtitled 'Analytical Assess-
ment of Sewage Sludge at Final Disposal.' The docu-
ment provides general information pertaining to both
data bases.
Keywords: "Sludge disposal, Sewage treatment,
Public utilities, Chemical analysis, Tests, Documenta-
tion, "Sewage sludge, Sewage treatment, Waste water
treatment.
PB90-199266/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
National Air Pollutant Emission Estimates, 1940-
1988. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Mar 90,74p" EPA/450/4-90/001
See also PB89-184709.
The report presents estimates of trends in nationwide
air pollutant emissions for six major pollutants: particu-
late (PM/TSP), sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, reactive
volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, and
lead. Estimates are provided for major categories of air
pollution sources. A short analysis of emission trends
is given, along with a discussion of methods used to
develop the data.
Keywords: "United States, "Air pollution, Study esti-
mates, Air pollution control, Graphs(Charts), Trends,
Exhaust emissions. Industrial wastes,
Concentration(Composition), Solid waste disposal,
Combustion products, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur oxides,
Carbon monoxide, Lead(Metal), Tables(Data), "Emis-
sion inventories, "Particulates, Total suspended partic-
ulates, Stationary sources, Pollution sources, Volatile
organic compounds, Emission factors.
PB90-199407/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Perinatal Immunotoxicity of Benzene Toward
Mouse B Cell Development. Journal article. (Final).
West Virginia Univ., Morgantown.
D. Wierda, A. King, R. Luebke, M. Reasor, and R. J.
Smialowicz. C1989,18p EPA/600/ J-89/331
Pub. in Jnl of the American College of Toxicology, v8
n5 1989. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Benzene is widely used by chemical industries and ex-
posure to benzene has been shown experimentally to
be immunotoxic in adult animals. The present study
addressed whether exposure of fetuses in utero to
benzene compromises the development of fetal B lym-
phopoiesis and whether B-lymphocyte development
recovers postnatally. Pregnant BALB/C dams were
given intraperitoneal injections of benzene (100 mg/
kg, twice daily) from day 12.5 of gestation through day
19.5 of gestation. Phenotypic analysis revealed that
fetal liver cell suspensions from embryos exposed in
utero contained fewer pre-B cells and B cells than cor-
responding controls. Fetal liver cell cultures estab-
lished from these embryos also produced fewer B
cells. In contrast, pre-B cells were elevated in the livers
of 8-day-old neonates that had been exposed to ben-
zene in utero. Moreover, responsiveness to the B-cell
mitogen, LPS, was significantly decreased in spleen
cell cultures derived from these neonates. The results
indicate that in utero exposure to high concentrations
of benzene alters fetal B lymphopoiesis and may com-
promise immune responsiveness postnatally.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Embryos, "Benzene, Bone
marrow, Mice, Graphs(Charts), Liver, Spleen, Lipopo-
lysaccharides, Reprints, *B lymphocytes, Phenotype,
Animal pregnancy, Fluorescent antibody technic, Cul-
tured cells.
PB90-199415/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Comparison of the Effects of Acute and Subacute
Treatment of Phanobarbltal In Different Strains of
Mice. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
E. L. C. Lin, J. E. Klaunig, J. K. Mattox, C. M. Weghorst,
and B. H. McFarland. c1989,11 p EPA/600/J-89/332
Pub. in Cancer Letters, v48 p43-51 Oct 89. Prepared in
cooperation with Medical Coll. of Ohio at Toledo, and
Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Cin-
cinnati, OH.
A strain specificity has been demonstrated for the
effect of subsequent administration of phenobarbital,
in which diethylnitrosamine-initiated hepatocarcino-
§enesis was promoted in C3H mice, inhibited in
6C3F1 (C57BL X C3H) and not affected in C57BL
mice. Therefore, the study examined in these three
strains of mice and in C3B6F1 (C3H X C57BL) mice
the effect of phenobarbital administered in their drink-
ing water for 4 days or 28 days. The liver weight to
body weight ratio was increased by phenobarbital in all
types of mice. Microsomal protein concentrations were
increased in C57BL mice after 28 days of treatment, in
C3H after both 4 days and 28 days and in B6C3F1
after 4 days of treatment. No effect upon microsomal
protein content was observed in C3B6F1 mice. DNA
content was increased in C3H mice, both in 4 days and
28 days of treatment groups, while the other strains
showed either a decrease or no difference from con-
trol. DNA synthesis was elevated in all strains of mice
after 4 days of treatment with phenobarbital, however,
after 28 days of treatment there was either a much re-
duced increase (C57B1 and C3B6F1) or no difference
(C3H and B6C3F1) from controls. In all four types of
mice after 4 and 28 days of treatment, phenobarbital
increased the concentration of cytochrome P-450, the
activity of aminopyrine-N-demethylase and 7-ethoxyr-
esorufin-O-deethylase and the oxidation of testoster-
one. The oxidative metabolites of testosterone were
similar in the four types of mice.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Phenobarbital, Liver neo-
plasms, Mice, Body weight, Deoxyribonucleic adds,
Tables(Data), Reprints, Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase!
Carcinogenesis, Organ weight, Liver microsomes, Cy-
tochrome P-450, Amino N-demethylase.
PB90-199423/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Teratogenic Activity of Trichloroacetic Acid In the
Rat. Journal article.
Pathology Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
M. K. Smith, J. L. Randall, E. J. Read, and J. A. Stober.
C1989, 9p EPA/600/J-89/333
Contract EPA-68-03-002
Pub. in Teratology, v40 n5 p445-451 Nov 89. Prepared
in cooperation with Computer Sciences Corp., Cincin-
nati, OH. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Cincinnati, OH.
Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is a by-product of the chlo-
rine disinfection of water containing natural organic
material. It is detectable in finished drinking water at
levels comparable to the trihalomethanes (30-160
microg/L). TCA is also formed in vivo after ingestion of
hypochlorite and has been identified as a major meta-
bolite of chlorinated hydrocarbons such as trichlor-
oethylene. The developmental effects of TCA were
evaluated in the pregnant Long-Evans rat. Animals
were dosed by oral intubation on gestation days 6-15
(plug = 0) with 0, 330, 800, 1,200, or 1,800 mg/kg/
day. Live fetuses were examined for external, skeletal,
and soft tissue malformations. There were no maternal
deaths associated with toxicity prior to sacrifice.
Weight gain during treatment was reduced at 80o|
1,200, and 1,800 mg/kg. Spleen and kidney weights
were increased In a dose-related manner. Skeletal
malformations were found only at 1,200 and 1,800
mg/kg and were mainly in the orbit. Based on these
observations TCA was considered to be developmen-
tal^ toxic in the pregnant rat at doses of 330 mg/kg
and above. (Copyright (c) 1989 Alan R. Liss, Inc.)
Keywords: "Toxicology, Rats, Body weight
Tables(Data), Embryos, Reprints, "Teratogens, "Trich-
loroacetic acid, Gestation, Organ weight, Animal preg-
nancy, Dose-response relationships.
PB90-199431/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Office Paper Recycling: An Implementation
Manual.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Jan 90,71 p* EPA/530-SW-90-001
The manual will serve as the cornerstone for imple-
menting recycling in offices, both governmental and
private. The primary purpose of this revised manual is
to serve as a guide for personnel responsible for the
implementation and administration of office paper re-
covery programs. The guide moves step-by-step
through the process of setting up a high-grade paper
recovery program, including assessing recyciingpo-
tential, finding a market for paper and educating em-
ployees.
Keywords: "Office management. Statistical data, Pho-
tographs, Material recovery, Manuals, "Paper recy-
cling, "Waste recycling, Implementation, Solid waste
management, On job training, Federal agencies.
PB90-199449/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Fixation of the Plasma Membrane/Cytoplasm
Complex: A Mechanism of Toxic Interaction m
Trtbutyltin with the Cell. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triannio
Park, NC.	mn8le
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
E. J. Massaro, R. M. Zucker, K. H. Elstein, H. P. Ting-
Beall, and R. E. Easterling. C1989, top EPA/600/J-
89/334
Pub. in Biological Trace Element Research, v21, p305-
312 Mar 89. Prepared in cooperation with NSI Tech-
nology Services Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.,
and Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC.
Flow cytometric and light/fluorescence microscopic
analysis of murine erythroleukemic cells and electron
microscopic investigation of porcine microsomal mem-
brane preparations suggest that tributyltin toxicity is
mediated through fixation processes (protein dena-
turation, crosslinking, and so on) within the plasma
membrane/cytoplasm complex. (Copyright (c) 1989
Humana Press, Inc.)
Keywords: "Toxicology, 'Cytoplasm, Mice,
Tables(Data), Reprints, Cell membrane, "Tributyltin,
Flow cytometry, Cultured cells, Fluorescence micros-
copy, Acute erythroblastic leukemia, Sodium-potassi-
um adenosine triphosphate.
PB90-199456/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Clastogenlclty Evaluation of Seven Chemicals
Commonly Found at Hazardous Industrial Waste
Sites. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
S. S. Sandhu, T. H. Ma, Y. Peng, and X. Zhou. C1989,
11 p EPA/600/J-89/335
Pub. in Mutation Research, v224 p437-445 Sep 89.
Prepared in cooperation with Western Illinois Univ.,
Macomb.
Seven chemicals commonly found at industrial waste
sites were tested with the tradescantia-micronucleus
(Trad-MCN) assay to evaluate their clastogenic poten-
tial. They were: Aldrin, arsenic trioxide, 1,2-
benz(a,h)anthracene, dieldrin, heptachlor, lead tetraa-
cetate, and tetrachloroethylene. Results of repeated
tests for clastogenicity yielded the minimum effective
dose (MED) of 0.44 ppm for lead tetraacetate, 3.81
ppm for dieldrin, and 1.88 ppm for heptachlor. Arsenic
trioxide and 1,2-benz(a,h)anthracene yielded positive
responses at the MED of 3.96 ppm and 2.28 ppm, re-
spectively. Aldrin and tetrachloroethylene were con-
sidered to be immiscible with water, and the test yield-
ed negative responses. Results of tetrachloroethylene
fume treatment yielded a positive response at the
MED of 30 ppm/min in 2-hr exposures. Five chemicals
determined to be clastogens by the test were ranked
according to their MED in the descending order of po-
tency as follows: Lead tetraacetate, heptachlor, 1,2-
benz(a,h)anthracene, dieldrin, and arsenic trioxide.
Results of the study indicate that Trad-MCN bioassay
could be effectively utilized for assessing the genetic
hazard from the leachates and volatile compounds
emanating from uncontrolled industrial waste sites.
(Copyright (c) 1989 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.
(Biomedical Division.)
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'Chemical compounds, 'Waste disposal, 'Public
health, Bioassay, Site surveys, Lethal dosage, Labora-
tory animals, Concentration(Composition), Genetics,
Toxicity, Pesticides, Reprints, 'Health hazards, 'Clas-
togenicity, Biological effects, Occupational safety and
health, Tradescantia-micronucleus assay, Land pollu-
tion.
PB90-199464/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Strategist for the Use of Computational SAR
Methods In Assessing Oenotoxielty. Journal artide.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
A. M. Richard, J. R. Rabinowitz, and M. D. Waters.
C1989.18p EPA/600/J-89/336
Pub. in Mutation Research, v221 p181-196,1 Jul 89.
The relationship between computational SAR studies
and relevant data gathering and generation activities is
complex. First, the chemical class to be studied is se-
lected on the basis of Information requirements for
hazard identification and assessment. Membership in
the class is determined by consideration of chemical
structure and reactivity. Compilation of the existing bio-
assay data for this chemical class follows immediately
from the specification of the class. Bioassay data,
qualitative knowledge of general chemical reactivities
in this class, and knowledge concerning potential inter-
actions with biomolecular targets all contribute to the
derivation of possible mechanisms for biological activi-
ty. Computational studies based on modeling the pro-
posed mechanism of action and/or the existing data
base can provide a quantitative basis for the dineren-
tiation between chemicals. There is the opportunity for
continuing feedback between the quantitative compu-
tational studies and the development of a relevant bio-
assay data base for this chemical class. (Copyright (c)
1989 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.)
Keywords: 'Computer systems programs, Bioassay,
Computation, Reprints, 'Mutagenicity tests, 'Struc-
ture-activity relationship, Databases.
PB90-199514/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Innovative Processes for Reclamation of Con-
taminated Subsurface Environments. Final rept.
Aug 86-Aug 89.
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. School of Civil Engineering
and Environmental Science.
L. W. Canter, L. E. Streebin, M. Carlota Arquiaga, F. E.
Carranza, and D. E. Miller. 1989,76p EPA/600/2-90/
017
Contract EPA-R-813672
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
Research to better assess the capabilities and limita-
tions of fixed-film bioreactors for removing selected or-
ganic contaminants from ground water or from con-
taminated vapor streams produced by air stripping of
polluted ground water and by soil venting operations is
described. Work was focused on volatile chlorinated
aliphatic hydrocarbons and light aromatic constituents
of distilled petroleum products, two groups of com-
pounds which have been identified in polluted ground
water more frequently and usually in higher concentra-
tion than other organic pollutants. The biodegradation
processes involved and the effects of bioreactor oper-
ating parameters and systems configurations on con-
taminant removal were evaluated. Results obtained in-
dicate a significant potential for employment of fixed-
film bioreactors in systems for above ground treatment
of contaminated ground water and vadose zone
gases.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Ground water, 'Chemical
removal(Water treatment), Contaminants, Purification,
Adsorption, Hydrocarbons, Soil water, Biodeteriora-
tion.
PB90-199S55/HSU	PC A99/MF E12
Pesticide Data Submitters List by Chemicals (12th
Edition).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Mar 90,1318p' EPA/540/09-90/085
Supersedes PB88-244884.
The Pesticide Data Submitters List is a compilation of
names and addresses of registrants who wish to be
notified and offered compensation for use of their
data. It was developed to assist pesticide applicants in
fulfilling their obligation as required by sections
3(c)(1)(D) and 3(c)(2)(D) of the Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and 40 CFR
Part 152, Subpart E regarding ownership of data used
to support registration. The listing consists of two
parts: a sequential list sorted by chemical code
number, (including the corresponding data
8ubmitter(s) and the type of data submitted, l.e., acute
toxicity, residue chemistry) and an Index to the chemi-
cal code arranged alphabetically by chemical name.
The document is published once a year. Paperback
copies range approximately 1,300 pages.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Chemical compounds, Index
registers, Nomenclature, Federal Insecticide Fungi-
cide and Rodenticide Act, Listings, Pollution regula-
tions.
PB90-200114/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Report,
1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
T. C. Curran, R. Faoro, T. Fitz-Simons, N. Frank, and
W. Freas. Mar 90,153p* EPA/450/4-90/002
See also report for 1987, PB90-130352.
The report presents national and regional trends in air
quality from 1979 through 1988 for total suspended
particulate, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen
dioxide, ozone and lead. Air pollution trends were also
examined for the 5-year period (1984-88). Both nation-
al and regional trends in each of these pollutants are
examined National air quality trends are also present-
ed for both the National Air Monitoring Sites (NAMS)
and other site categories. In addition to ambient air
quality, trends are also presented for annual nation-
wide emissions. The emissions are estimated using
the best available engineering calculations; the ambi-
ent levels presented are averages of direct measure-
ments. The report also includes a section, Air Quality
Levels in Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs). Its
purpose is to provide interested members of the air
pollution control community, the private sector and the
general public with greatly simplified air pollution infor-
mation. Air quality statistics are presented for each of
the pollutants for all MSAs with data in 1988.
Keywords: 'Air pollution. Industrial wastes. Combus-
tion products, Exhaust emissions, Trends, Air pollution
control, Statistical analysis, Sulfur dioxide, Metropoli-
tan areas, Concentration(Composition), TablesjData),
Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Ozone,
Lead(Metal), Comparison, Graphs(Charts), 'Air quality
data, 'Emission inventories, 'Regional analysis, 'Na-
tional ambient air quality standards, Air pollution sam-
pling, Total suspended particulates.
PB90-200270/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Fate and Transport of Chemical Contaminants In
Karst Terranes. Symposium paper.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
M. S. Field. Dec 89,14p EPA/600/D-90/001, OHEA-
E-299	. , _
Presented at the International Geological Congress,
Washington, DC., July 9-19,1989.
Chemical spills that reach an aquifer in karst terranes
do not behave like those in granular or highly fractured
aquifers. Spills reaching diffuse-flow aquifers display
relatively slow transport, are radially dispersive, and
can be tracked through the use of monitoring wells.
Spills in most karst terranes, however, are stored and
transported in both the vadose and phreatic zones and
do not exhibit radial dispersion. Actual contaminant
transport in the phreatic zone of a karst aquifer may be
extremely rapid to and highly concentrated at eventual
discharge points, but the pollutant(s) cannot be
tracked by any methods currently known. Contaminant
attenuation is greatly limited in karst terranes. The un-
usual storage and transport characteristics responsi-
ble for the rapid transport and poor attenuation of con-
taminants in karst aquifers are a consequence of the
unique properties of their flow system. Sinkhole devel-
opment, the absence of surface water drainage, solu-
tional enlargement of vertical fractures in the unsatu-
rated zone, and the development of subsurface con-
duits (caves) are some of the properties of karst ter-
ranes that have substantial effects on the storage and
transport of chemical contaminants.
Keywords: 'Acquifers, 'Karst, 'Hydrogeology, Water
pollution, Physicochemical properties, Ground water,
Water flow, Diffusion, Soil properties, Discharges, Re-
prints, 'Chemical spills, 'Environmental transport,
Land pollution, Structural basins, Vadose water, Envi-
ronmental fate.
PB90-200288/HSU	PC A99/MF EOS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Compendium of Methods for the Determination of
Air Pollutants in Indoor Air.
Engineering Science, Cary, NC.
W. T. Winberry, L. Forehand, N. T. Murphy, A. Ceroli,
and B. Phinney. Apr 90,845p* EPA/600/4-90/010
Contracts EPA-68-04-4467, EPA-68-02-4398
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
Determination of pollutants in indoor air is a complex
task because of the wide variety of compounds of in-
terest and tha lack of standardized sampling and anal-
ysis procedures. To assist agencies and persons re-
sponsible for sampling and analysis of indoor pollut-
ants, the methods compendium provides current, tech-
nically-reviewed sampling and analysis procedures in
a standardized format for determination of selected
pollutants of primary importance in indoor air. Each
chapter contains one or more active or passive sam-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
pling procedures along with one or more appropriate
analytical procedures. The ten chapters of the com-
pendium cover determination of volatile organic com-
pounds, nicotine, carbon monoxide and carbon diox-
ide, air exchange rate, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde,
benzo(a)pyrene and other polynuclear aromatic hydro-
carbons, acid gases and aerosols, particulate matter,
and pesticides. As further advancements are made,
the procedures may be modified or updated, or addi-
tional methods may be added as appropriate.
Keywords: Chemical analysis, Formaldehyde, Particu-
late, Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide, Aromatic poly-
cyclic hydrocarbons, Pesticides, Nicotine, Tests,
"Indoor air pollution, *Air pollution sampling, Nitrogen
dioxide, Volatile organic compounds, Benzo(a)pyrene,
Environmental monitoring.
PB90-200676/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Probabilities of Peak Occurrence and Information
Content of the NBS/EPA/MSDC Mass-Spectral
Data Base. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
D. R. Scott. C1989,18p EPA/600/J-89/314
The probabilities of peak occurrence and binary infor-
mation contents were calculated for the 43990 mass
spectra in the 1987 NBS/EPA/MSDC database. The
median molecular weight of compounds in the data-
base was 230. Compounds composed of combina-
tions of C, H, N, and O comprised 64% of the spectra.
The number of base peaks per mass channel was also
tabulated. A 304B0 spectra subset of compounds with
low molecular weights was selected as a volatile com-
pound database. The median molecular weight of the
group was 189. The probabilities and information con-
tents of the set of spectra and the volatile hydrocar-
bons, oxygenated hydrocarbons, chloro compounds
and bromohydrocarbons were calculated. The most
common peak in the entire database and in the volatile
set occurred at mass 41. All peaks in both of these
sets of spectra with probabilities greater than 0.50 oc-
curred below mass 78. The probabilities over the total
and volatile database showed a general decrease with
increasing mass channel with a division into odd and
even mass curves which converged at high masses.
Mass channels with 0.90 to 1.0 bit information content
occurred below ca. mass 100. Information contents
decreased with increasing mass and the two odd and
even mass curves were superimposed on the general
Keywords: Mass spectroscopy, 'Chemical analysis,
Reference groups, Chlorohydrocarbons, Tables(Data),
Bromohydrocarbons, Molecular weight, Probability
theory, Reprints, 'Databases, Volatile organic com-
pounds.
PB90-200684/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Influence In Building Width and Orientation on
Plume Dispersion in the Wake of a Building. Jour-
nal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
A. H. Huber. c1989,10p EPA/600/J-89/309
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v23 n10 p2109-
21161989.
In a wind-tunnel study, the influence of building width
and orientation into the wind was examined through
concentration profiles in the near wake of the building.
The model building was placed in a simulated atmos-
pheric boundary layer. The effects of building width
were examined for buildings having width-to-height
ratios ranging from 2 to 22. The effects of oblique ori-
entation were examined for angles ranging from -30 to
+50 degrees. For most cases, the source was placed
midway along the lee side of the building. The stack
height was either at ground level of 1.5 times the
height of the building. The lateral plume spread from a
point source placed near the building was observed to
be largest for a width/height ratio of 10. The influence
of the end flow around the sides of the building had
less effect for wider buildings. For the ground-level
source, an oblique angle resulted in a maximum
around level concentration increase by a factor of 2-3
it three building heights downstream. Concentrations
were increased by less than a factor of 1.5 at ten build-
ina heights downstream. For an elevated source, the
building influence on ground-level concentrations was
quite similar but with an even larger increase.
1554 Vol. 90, No. 24
Keywords: 'Atmospheric diffusion, 'Buildings, 'Air
pollution, *Draft(Gas flow), Chimneys, Wind tunnel
models, Smoke abatement, Exhaust systems, Design
standards, Orientation, Reprints.
PB90-200692/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Bacterial Sorption of Heavy Metals. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
M. D. Mullen, D. C. Wolf, F. G. Ferris, T. J. Beveridge,
and C. A. Flamming. C1989,9p EPA/600/J-89/319
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v55
n12 p3143-3149 Dec 89. Prepared in cooperation with
Arkansas Univ., Fayetteville. Dept. of Agronomy, and
Guelph Univ. (Ontario). Dept. of Microbiology.
Four bacteria, Bacillus cereus, 6. subtilis, Escherichia
coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were examined
for the ability to remove Ag+, Cd2 + , Cu2 + , and
La3+ from solution by batch equilibration methods.
Cd and Cu sorption over the concentration range
0.001 to 1 mM was described by Freundlich isotherms.
At 1 mM concentrations of both Cd2+ and Cu2+, P.
aeruginosa and B. cereus were the most and least effi-
cient at metal removal, respectively. Freundlich K con-
stants indicated that E. coli was most efficient at
Cd2+ removal and B. subtilis removed the most
Cu2+. Removal of Ag-f from solution by bacteria was
very efficient; an average of 89% of the total Ag + was
removed from the 1 mM solution, whereas only 12,29,
and 27% of the total Cd2+, Cu2+, and La3+, re-
spectively, were sorbed from 1 mM solutions. Electron
microscopy indicated that La3+ accumulated at the
cell surface as needlelike, crystalline precipitates.
Silver precipitated as discrete colloidal aggregates at
the cell surface and occasionally in the cytoplasms.
The results indicate that bacterial cells are capable of
binding large quantities of different metals. (Copyright
(c) 1989, American Society of Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Soil microbiology, 'Sorption, Lanthanum,
Cadmium, Copper, Silver, Electron microscopy, Isoth-
erms, Reprints, "Heavy metals, 'Gram-negative bac-
teria, 'Gram-positive bacteria. Bacillus subtilis, Es-
cherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus
cereus, Soil contamination.
PB90-200700/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Soil Mapping Concepts for Environmental Assess-
ment. Symposium paper.
Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Sta-
tion, Corvallis, OR. Forestry Sciences Lab.
D. A. Lammers, and M. G. Johnson. 1990,18p EPA/
600/D-90/012
Pub. in Soil Science Society of America Special Publi-
cation, 'Spatial Variability and Map Units of the Soil
Survey,' 18p 1990. Prepared in cooperation with NSI
Technology Sen/ices Corp., Corvallis, OR. Sponsored
by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Spatial variability of soils in the landscape and how this
variability is represented by soil maps and portrayed in
map unit descriptions are critical for assessing many of
today's pressing environmental concerns. Traditional
concepts used in mapping, naming, defining and corre-
lating map units need to be redirected from a use or
purpose bias to one that uses soil properties as the
basis for correlation. Map unit delineations need to
represent real segments of the landscape by capturing
discrete soil patterns that function as workable stratifi-
cations of the landscape and provide detailed soils in-
formation for use in environmental assessment. An es-
timate of the proportion of map unit components can
be made with quantifiable uncertainty bounds. By
grouping soils into response classes, minor soil com-
ponents, important to understanding the ecology of
landscape and assessing environmental concerns,
can be retained in regional-scale data bases. To meet
the need for global-scale assessments, a soil and
landscape attribute based framework is proposed.
Keywords: 'Soil surveys, 'Maps, Spatial distribution,
Soil properties, Local government, Soil science, Infor-
mation systems, Landscaping, Reprints, 'Environmen-
tal impact assessments. Land pollution, Environmen-
tal transport, Ecosystems, Environmental effects,
Global analysis, Regional analysis.
PB90-200718/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Long-Term Monitoring for Aquatic Effects of
Acidic Deposition: An Approach to Considering
Regional Aspects of Information from Existing
Monitoring Sites (Workshop Proceedings). Sympo-
sium paper.
National Council for Air and Stream Improvement,
Medford, MA.
J. Ford, T. Young, and J. Stoddard. 1989,15p EPA/
600/D-90/013
Presented at International Cooperative Programme on
Assessment and Monitoring of River and Lake Acidifi-
cation, Freiburg, F.R.G., October 17-19, 1989. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Clarkson Univ., Potsdam,
NY., and NSI Technology Services Corp., Corvallis,
OR. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research
Lab., OR.
In 1983 the United States Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) initiated the Long-Term Monitoring
(LTM) Project in cooperation with other federal and
state agencies and university researchers. The pur-
pose of the LTM Project was to obtain data on long-
term trends in water chemistry for acid-sensitive sys-
tems across a gradient of sulfate deposition. The
paper briefly describes the LTM network and the major
early (6-year) findings from the network and discusses
one conceptual approach to relating LTM monitoring
sites to EPA's statistically representative National Sur-
face Water Survey (NSWS).
Keywords: 'Water pollution, Trends, Lakes, Site sur-
veys, Acidification, Reprints, 'Acid deposition, 'Envi-
ronmental monitoring, Acid rain, Chemical water pollut-
ants, Regional analysis.
PB90-200726/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Closed Chambers for Plant Studies of Chemical
Uptake, Accumulation and Phytotoxlcity (Pro-
ceedings). Symposium paper.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
C. McFarlane, T. Pfleeger, and J. Fletcher. 1989,1 1d
EPA/600/D-90/009
Presented at Environmental Research with Plants in
Closed Chambers, Munich, F.R.G., October 9-11,
1989. Prepared in cooperation with Oklahoma Univ.',
Norman.
Chambers are described that provide a unique capac-
ity to study various aspects of plant physiology and
learn the mechanisms and controlling factors for the
uptake and distribution of chemicals in plants. The
chambers have many of the features of smaller cu-
vettes, but allow study on larger, whole plants and
plant canopies. Transpiration and photosynthesis are
measured and can be controlled by altering the humid-
ity and C02 injection rate. The chambers provide for
root as well as shoot studies in highly contaminated
environments in which the environmental conditions
are controlled and data is automatically collected.
They are managed by an inexpensive computer and
can be constructed at a reasonable cost.
Keywords: 'Plant physiology, 'Toxicity, Chambers
Humidity, Carbon dioxide, Tables(Data)!
Graphs(Charts), Hydroponics. Photosynthesis, Tran-
spiration, Reprints, 'Pharmacokinetics, Root uptake,
Controlled environment, Bioaccumulation.
PB9O-2O0734/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Limits of Uncertainty of Environmental Measure-
ments. (Using as an Example, the Dtchotomous
Particulate Sampler). Symposium paper.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
soflQmont I ah
R. C. Rhodes. Feb 90,22p EPA/600/D-90/014
Two different methods are used to determine the limits
of uncertainty for environmental measurements. The
first employs the general propagation of error formula.
In this method, the precisions and accuracies of each
of the variables of the mathematical expression defin-
ing the final measurement result are used. A second
method utilizes the agreement of results from co-locat-
ed samplers to estimate precision and results of inde-
pendent audits to estimate bias. Each of the methods
has certain advantages. The end results, using the di-
chotomous particulate sampler as an example, show
that the use of co-located samplers reveals the pres-
ence of unaccounted for sources of error not consid-
ered by the method using the propagation of error for-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Limits(Mathematics), 'Environmental sur-
veys,	"Measuring	instruments,
Formulas(Mathematics), Comparison, Air flow, Error
analysis, Graphs(Charts), Measurement, Bias, Accura-
cy.
PB90-200742/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Methods of Reducing Water Contaminants: Re-
moval of Organic Compounds.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
B. W. Lykins, and J. A. Goodrich. 1990,40p EPA/600/
D-90/008
Much of the recent concern by regulatory agencies
about drinking water quality has been directed toward
organic contamination in drinking water. Although or-
ganic contamination has been thought to primarily
affect surface waters, there is a growing awareness
and concern over groundwater contamination. What
usually occurs is that the groundwaters contain a few
organic compounds at high concentrations (microg/L
to mg/L levels) while surface water supplies contain
many organic compounds at low concentrations
microg/L levels). For example, an EPA research
project using the GROB Closed Loop Stripping
Method, identified approximately 225 organic com-
pounds during sampling of treated surface water prior
to granular activated carbon adsorption at the Cincin-
nati, Ohio Water Works. Except for the four trihalo-
methanes (chloroform, dichlorobromomethane, dibro-
mochloromethane, bromoform) all concentrations
were in the low part per trillion (microg/L) range. The
health significance of these concentrations is un-
known. However, one may wonder which is more sig-
nificant; ingesting a few organics at high concentra-
tions or many organics at low concentrations. The goal
of any treatment scheme should be to remove as
much contamination as feasible, technologically and
economically. Various treatment options are available
for removing organic contaminants from drinking
water. Three of the treatment options are: granular ac-
tivated carbon, air stripping, and reverse osmosis.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Water treatment, 'Potable
water, 'Organic compounds, Ground water, Water
supply, Surface waters, Concentration(Composition),
Strippers, Osmosis, Performance evaluation, Site sur-
veys, Aeration, 'Water pollution sampling, Granular
activated carbon treatment, Halomethanes, Pollution
sources.
PB0O-2O0759/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Issus* of Scale In Conservation Biology.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
R. F. Noss. 1990,20p EPA/600/D-90/011
For any problem, spatial and temporal scale must both
be carefully defined. Spatial ana temporal scales are
positively correlated, in that processes at larger spatial
scales are usually slower. For example, physicochem-
ical changes In a leaf occur at a faster rate than in a
Whole tree, which in turn changes faster than a forest.
There is no 'best' scale at which to study ecology; the
appropriate scale depends on the research question at
hand. Scale problems have been particularly trouble-
some in conservation. Many applied ecologists and
land managers have demonstrated a narrow spatio-
temporal perspective or have even failed to recognize
that scale is an issue. Because blotic impoverishment
occurs at many different scales and levels of organiza-
tion, conservation must be pluralistic, and all these
considerations must be integrated into a single recov-
ery plan.
Keywords: 'Conservation, 'Biology, 'Ecology,
'Scale(Ratio), Pollution, Reprints, 'Natural resources
management, Habitats, Species diversity, Ecosys-
tems.
PB90-200767/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Physiological Baals of Differential Plant Sensltlvl-
gr to Changes In Atmospheric Quality.
nvironmental Protection Agency/Northrop Services,
Inc., Corvallis, OR.
D. T. Tingey, and C. P. Andersen. 1990,65p EPA/600/
D-90/010
The chapter addresses the physiological basis of dif-
ferential plant sensitivity to pollutants. A generic model
will be used to provide a conceptual framework for dis-
cussing differential plant sensitivity. After a brief de-
scription of the model, potential feedback control of
physiological responses will be illustrated with exam-
ples from the literature. Plant responses to multiple
pollutants, including the nonadditive nature of stress
response is briefly addressed.
Keywords: 'Plant physiology. Ozone, Sulfur dioxide,
Carbon dioxide, Plant genetics, Models, Reprints, "Air
pollution effects(Plants), 'Air quality, Gene expression.
PB90-201047/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Flow Cytometric Comparison of the Effects of
Trlalkyltins on the Murine Erythroleukemlc Cell.
Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. M. Zucker, K. H. Elsteln, R. E. Easterling, and E. J.
Massaro. C1989,15p EPA/600/J-89/341
Pub. in Toxicology, v58 p107-119 1989. Prepared in
cooperation with NSI Technology Services Corp., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Cellular effects of exposure to tributyltin, triethyltin, or
trimethyltin were investigated by flow cytometry em-
ploying the murine erythroleukemlc cell as a model cel-
lular system. Cell viability was investigated by the car-
boxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA) uptake/propidium
iodide (PI) exclusion method: above a critical concen-
tration (exposure for 4 h), which was specific for each
of the trialkyltln compounds, the cell becomes permea-
ble to PI, indicating loss of viability. Cellular CF fluores-
cence (derived from intracellular hydrolysis of CFDA)
increased as a function of alkyltin concentration below
the critical concentration and decreased as viability
decreased above the critical concentration. Relative
membrane potential, monitored with a cyanine dye
(OiOC6), correlated with viability (PI exclusion), re-
maining essentially unaltered below the critical con-
centration and decreasing above it. Fluorescence and
interference microscopy revealed increased quantities
of residual cytoplasmic tags adherent to the nuclei as a
function of organotin dose, apparently resulting from
increased cytoplasmic resistance to detergent-mediat-
ed solubilization. The effects of the trlalkyltins correlat-
ed with their lipophilicity (octanol/water coefficient).
These data support the hypothesis that fixation (pro-
tein denaturation, cross-linking, etc.) is an important
mode of organotin cytotoxicity. (Copyright (c) 1989 El-
sevier Scientific Publishers Ireland Ltd.)
Keywords: Cell nucleus, Graphs(Charts), Fluores-
cence, Reprints, *Trialkyltin compounds, 'Acute eryth-
roblastic leukemia, Cultured cells, DNA replication,
Dose-response relationships, Flow cytometry, Cell
membrane.
PB90-201054/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Toxic Interactions between Carbon Tetrachloride
and Chloroform In Cultured Rat Hepatocytes.
Journal article.
Virginia Commonwealth Univ., Richmond. Dept. of
Pharmacology and Toxicology.
R. G. Lamb, J. F. Borzelleca, L. W. Condie, and C.
Gennlngs. C1989,10p EPA/600/J-89/342
Grant EPA-R812558
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, v101 n1
p106-113 Oct 89. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes were incubat-
ed (1.5-16 hr) with various concentrations of GCI4 (=
or < 0.5 mM) and/or CHCI3 (= or < 2.5 mM). Agent-
dependent alterations in hepatocyte functions were
assessed by measuring (3H)choNne incorporation Into
phosphatidylcholine (endoplasmic reticulum), MTT
(tetrazollum salt) reduction (mitochondria), and AST
release into medium (plasma membrane). Cultured he-
patocytes incubated with 0.5 mM CCI4 displayed a sig-
nificant (p = or < 0.001) and rapid (1.5 hr) reduction
(40%) in endoplasmic reticulum function that preced-
ed significant (p = or < 0.001) alterations in mito-
chondria (6-16 hr) and plasma membrane (6-16 hr)
functions, CCI4-dependent alterations in liver cell func-
tions are a result of CCI4 bioactivation since metyra-
pone inhibits the CCI4-mediated changes in cell func-
tions. Response surface methods (RSM) were used to
determine the influence of combinations of CCI4 and
CHCI3 on liver cell MTT reduction and (3H)choline in-
corporation. Regression coefficients were determined
for CCI4, CHCI3, and CG4-CHCI3. Aft results were sig-
nificant (p < 0.0001) and implied that CCI4 was a more
potent hepatotoxin in vitro than CHCI3. The RSM anal-
ysis also suggested that combinations of CHCI3 and
CCI4 have greater than additive effects on MTT reduc-
tion and (3H)choline incorporation. (Copyright (c) 1989
Academic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Carbon tetrachloride, "Chloro-
form, Rats, Mitochondria, Graphs(Charts),
Tables(Data), Reprints, Liver, Phosphatidychoiines,
Cultured cells, Cell membrane.
PB90-201062/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Laboratory and Field Evaluations of Extraaenal-
tlve Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Dioxide Analyz-
ers for Acid Deposition Monitoring. Rept. for 1 Jan-
10 Aug 88.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
E. E. Richman, A. H. Green, R. S. Wright, and J. E.
Sickles. May 89,127p EPA/600/3-90/034
Contract EPA-68-02-4550
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
Studies of environmental acid deposition require moni-
toring of very low levels of several atmospheric pollut-
ants. Various passive and active samplers have been
used to collect integrated atmospheric samples for
such studies. Continuous analyzers offer an advantage
because of their capability to provide more detailed in-
formation on the diurnal concentration patterns of the
pollutants of interest. The U. S. EPA acquired two con-
tinuous N02 analyzer models (CS11600 and Scintrex
LMA 3) and one S02 analyzer model (TECO 43S) with
sufficient sensitivity to be potentially useful in studies
of acid deposition. In the laboratoiy evaluation, per-
formance parameters such as precision, limit of detec-
tion and interferences were quantitated. In the 31-day
field evaluation, zero and span factor drafts and preci-
sion were quantitated. The results of the laboratory
and field evaluations are given in the report. Although
EPA has not established performance specifications
for extrasensitive analyzers, the results of the labora-
tory and field evaluations suggest that the analyzers,
generally, will perform in an acceptable fashion for the
intended application. Nevertheless, several specific
areas needing improvement were uncovered in the
evaluations.
Keywords: 'Continuous sampling, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Ni-
trogen dioxide, Deposition, Performance evaluation,
Field tests, Experimental design, Sites,
Concentration(Composition), Tables(Data), Acidifica-
tion, Comparison, Calibrating, 'Air pollution sampling,
'Acid gases, 'Air pollution monitors. Air quality, Com-
pliances.
PB90-201674/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Serotonergic Modulation of the Acouatic Startle
Reaponae In Rat* during Preweanlng Develop-
ment Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. P. Sheets, L. L. Cook, and L. W. Reiter. c1989,10p
EPA/600/J-89/337
Pub. in Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, v33
p415-422 Feb 89.
The involvement of serotonin (5-HT) in modulating the
acoustic startle response (ASR) is well established in
adult rats, but 5-HT involvement during the preweaning
period, when 5-HT neurons undergo extensive devel-
opment, has not previously been described. Three 5-
HT receptor subtypes are reported to modulate the
ASR in adult rats: 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 receptor agon-
ists facilitate the ASR, whereas 5-HT1B agonists de-
crease the response. In the present study, the effects
of 5-HT agonists and generalized 5-HT depletion on
the ASR were studied in preweanling animals, using in-
dependent groups of Long-Evans rats tested on post-
natal day (PND) 13,17 and 21. 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-pro-
pylamino) tetralin (BOHDPAT, 62-1000 microg/kg), a
5-HT 1A receptor agonist, and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyl
tryptamine (MeODMT, 2-4 mg/kg), a nonselective 5-
HT agonist, had no effect on PND 13 and then in-
creased the ASR on PND 17 and 21. The 5-HT2 recep-
tor antagonists cyproheptadine (5 mg/kg) and ketan-
serin (5 mg/kg) blocked the effect of MeODMT at both
ages, providing some evidence that MeODMT in-
creased the Ash through 5-HT2 receptors. The failure
of PCPA to increase the ASR in preweanling rats tends
to indicate that 5-HT tonic inhibition has not developed
by PND 21. The results with PCPA are inconclusive,
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
however, since there is some discrepancy regarding
the effect of PCPA on the ASR in adult rats. (Copyright
(c) 1989 Pergamon Press.)
Keywords: "Serotonin, Biogenetic amines,
Graphs(Charts), Nerve cells, Reprints, 'Startle reac-
tion, "Ontongeny, 'Weaning, 'Acoustic stimulation,
Dose-response relationships, Tetrahydronaphtha-
lenes. Serotonin receptors, Serotonin antagonists.
PB90-201682/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Fornix Transections Disrupt the Ontogeny of
Latent Inhibition in the Rat. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.	.
M. M. Nicolle, C. C. Barry. B. Veronesi, and M. E.
Stanton. C1989,11p EPA/600/J-89/338
Pub. in Psychobiology, v17 p349-357 1989. Prepared
in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill,
and NSI Technology Services Corp., Research Trian-
gle Park, NC.
In three experiments, the study examined the ontoge-
ny of latent inhibition in a conditioned taste aversion
paradigm. In the first experiment, 18-, 25-, and 32-day-
old rats received a pairing of a 0,6% Sanka solution
with a UCI injection (.75% BW, .4M) or physiologically
balanced saline injection after either 4 preexposures to
the taste or control treatment without taste preexpo-
sure. Experiment 2 investigated the possibility that a
failure to observe latent Inhibition in 18-day-old result-
ed from the particular experimental parameters em-
ployed in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, taste expo-
sure durations were longer, the retention interval be-
tween conditioning and testing was shorter, and depri-
vation conditions were more typical of those used with
preweanling subjects. In Experiment 3, the study ex-
amined the effect of sham or fornix lesions at 18 days
of age on latent inhibition at 32 days of age. Lesioned
subjects exhibited equivalent conditioned taste aver-
sions but failed to show latent inhibition.
Keywords: "Animal behavior, Hippocampus, Acetyl-
cholinesterase, Qraphs(Charts), Reprints, 'Ontogeny,
'Taste aversion, 'Latent inhibition, Immunohistoche-
mistry. Weaning.
PB90-201690/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
In situ Evaluation of Biological Hazards of Envi-
ronmental Pollutant*. Meeting Report. Journal arti-
cle.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park NC
S. S. Sandhu, and F. J. de Serres. C1989,14p* EPA/
600/J-89/339
Pub. in Mutation Research, v216 p341-352 Sep 89.
Prepared in cooperation with Research Triangle Inst.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
The purpose of the Symposium was to discuss the ap-
plication of the currently available bioassays for in situ
environmental assessment and to evaluate the utility
of the integrated chemical and biological data obtained
under real-world condition for the assessment of
human health effects from exposure to a given envi-
ronment. Adverse biological effects result mostly from
the complex interaction of chemical and physical com-
ponents in a given environment. In recent years, in-
creased emphasis has been placed on the utilization
of plants and terrestrial and aquatic animals for in situ
environmental assessment. The Symposium reviewed
the regulatory aspects related to industry and hazard-
ous waste programs; the application of in situ bioassay
and chemical analyses for assessing hazards to the
ecological health in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial
environments; and the application of in situ monitoring
to human health in the work place and home.
Keywords: 'Pollution, 'Hazardous materials, 'Expo-
sure, "Animals, "Plants(Botany), 'Meetings, Bioassay,
Public health, Chemical analysis, Industries, Residen-
tial buildings, Ecology, Environmental impacts, As-
sessments, Reprints, Biological effects, Occupational
safety and health, Chemicals.
R L. Ward, D. R. Knowlton, J. Stober, W. Jakubowski,
and T. Mills. C1989,9p EPA/600/J-89/340
Grant EPA-R-813084
Pub. in Water Research, v23 n12 p1503-1509 Dec 89.
Prepared in cooperation with Computer Sciences
Corp., Cincinnati, OH., and Southwest Research Inst.,
San Antonio, TX. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The Lubbock Infection Surveillance Study was con-
ducted between June 1980 and October 1983 to
detect potential increases in enteric infection and dis-
ease incidence in a community surrounding a
wastewater spray irrigation site. The report concerns
the incidence of rotavirus infections in study partici-
pates during that period. Rotavirus infection was de-
fined as a greater than 2-fold increase in rotavirus
serum antibody between blood collections which oc-
curred approximately every 6 months. Antibody was
detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
(ELISA). Of the 368 participants who provided greater
than or equal to 2 blood specimens, 67 seroconver-
sions to rotavirus were detected, an average annual
rate of 6.8 infections/100 subjects. One subject was
infected twice. Seroconversions were observed in
32.7% (32/96) of children less than or equal to 16
years of age and in 12.7% (33/260) of adults (greater
than or equal to 17 years old) with a single infection.
Thus, significantly more (P less than 0.0001) rotavirus
infections occurred in children. Baseline rotavirus
serum antibody titers were found to be significanlty
lower (P=0.047) in subjects who seroconverted. How-
ever, many children and adults with high titers were
also infected. More seroconversions were observed
between June and December (January) than between
December (January) and June. Wastewater spray irri-
gation had no detectable effect on the incidence of ro-
tavirus infection. (Copyright (c) 1989 Pergamon Press.)
Keywords: "Enteritis, 'infectious diseases, "Public
health, Irrigation, Sanitary engineering, Water pollu-
tion, Water treatment, Waste treatment, Spray ponds,
Environmental impacts, Reprints, "Waste water reuse.
PB00-201799/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Preliminary Exposure Study to Determine the Ef-
fects of Acid Deposition on Coated Steel Sub-
strate*. Final rept.
Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD.
P. J. Moran, T. C. Simpson, H. Hampel, G. D. David,
and B. A. Shaw. 1 Apr 90,38p EPA/600/3-90/032
Grant EPA-R-814347-01
Prepared in cooperation with Martin Marietta Labs.,
Baltimore, MD., and Versar, Inc., Columbia, MD. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Expo-
sure Assessment Lab.
The project involves the evaluation of the effects of
acidic pollutants on painted metal substrates. The
project examined a commercially available alkyd
paint/primer system applied to a low carbon steel sub-
strate exposed under a variety of simulated acidic con-
ditions to determine the micro/macro effects of such
exposure. The techniques that were identified as those
most sensitive and applicable during the study include
tensile adhesion testing, electrochemical impedance
spectroscopy, and x-ray photoetectron spectroscopy.
A novel electrochemical monitor was developed
during this program that allowed the continual monitor-
ing of coating degradation during chamber exposure, it
was further found that a good correlation existed be-
tween tensile adhesion strength measurements and
electrochemical impedance parameters. The program
determined that the rate ol degradation of the alkyd
painted steel coupons was accelerated in the pres-
ence of S02. This effect was most pronounced on
samples that contained defects (scribes), that were al-
lowed to form condensed (dew) during the exposure
period and that had a horizontal orientation during ex-
posure.
PB90-201708/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effect of Wastewater Spray Irrigation on Rota-
virus Infection Rates in an Exposed Population.
Journal articfe.
James N. Gamble Inst, of Medical Research, Cincin-
nati, OH.
Keywords: 'Paints, 'Carbon steels, 'Degradation, Ex-
posures, Test chambers, Coating processes, Adhe-
sion, Sulfur dioxide, Spectrum analysis, X ray spectros-
copy, Electrochemistry, "Air pollution
effects(Materials), 'Acid gases, "Chemical
attack(Degradatlon), National Acidic Precipitation As-
sessment Program.
PB90-202656/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Innovative Operational Treatment Technologies
for Application to Superfund Site: Nine Case Stud-
ies. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
C. Young, B. Schmoyer, J. Edison, 0. Roeck, and J.
Ball. Apr 90,147p EPA/540/2-90/006
Nine case studies are presented in a report that was
designed to identify and obtain operational data from
ongoing and completed remediation efforts. The case
studies are presented as appendices, and provide
process descriptions, performance, operational and
cost data. The nine appendices present case studies
on the following topics. Incineration of Explosives and
Contaminated soils. Groundwater Extraction with Air
Stripping, Groundwater Biodegradation Treatment
System, Ground Extraction and Treatment, Ground-
water Extraction with Air Stripping and Soil Vacuum
Extraction, Groundwater Extraction with Physical
Chemical and Biological Treatment, and Chemical
Treatment of Groundwater and Soil Flushing.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment.
Operations, Incinerators, Ground water. Extraction,
Soils, Flushing, Explosives, Military facilities, Industrial
waste treatment, Cost analysis, Recommendations,
Superfund, Remedial action, Case studies, Air strip-
ping, Biological waste treatment.
PB90-202904/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Development of a 'Neanthes' Sediment Bioassay
for Use in Puget Sound. Final rept.
PTI Environmental Services, Bellevue, WA.
D. M. Johns, and T. C. Ginn. Mar 90,92p EPA/910/8-
90/005
Contract EPA-68-D8-0085
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seat-
tle, WA. Region X.
A draft protocol for a sublethal sediment bioassay
using the juvenile stage of Neanthes sp. (polychaete)
was developed as part of a bioassay test demonstra-
tion study conducted for the Seattle District of U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers and the Puget Sound
Dredged Disposal Analysis (PSDDA) study. The draft
protocol for the Neanthes sediment bioassay involved
measuring survival and change in biomass (total and
individual) following exposure to test sediments. The
purpose of the study was to test exposure conditions
incorporated into the draft protocol and, using the tost
results, establish the basis for a final protocol. The
report describes the results of the following test condi-
tions for the sublethal sediment bioassay. The optimal
number of Neanthes that should be placed in each ex-
posure chamber. The level of food ration that should
be provided to each exposure chamber. Whether the
test can be conducted using a static exposure system.
Whether the length of the exposure period could be
shortened from the current 20 days. Whether sediment
grain size has an effect on increases in worm biomass
during the exposure period.
Keywords: "Sediments, 'Puget Sound, Salinity, Bioas-
say, Tables(Data), Experimental design, "Polychaeta,
'Neanthes, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), Clinical
protocols, Chemical water pollutants.
PB90-203217/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Recent Results from Prototype Technology Eval-
uation Using Ml00 Neat Methanol Fuel. Technical
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology and Applications Branch.
G. K. Piotrowski. Mar 90,30p EPA/AA/CTAB-90/02
The Toyota Motor Corporation and the Nissan Motor
Corporation recently supplied the U.S. EPA Motor Ve-
hicle Emission Laboratory with advanced prototype ve-
hicles which utilize M100 (neat methanol) fuel. These
vehicles both make use of nominal lean bum calibra-
tions controlled by an exhaust gas air/fuel sensor
feedback control system and four valve per cylinder
technology in four cylinder powerplants. Though these
vehicles snare these similar technological aspects, im-
portant differences between both engine/vehicle
packages exist. These two prototype vehicles have
been evaluated by EPA lor emissions and fuel econo-
my. Nissan also supplied EPA with a gasoline-fueled
vehicle for fuel economy and performance testing and
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
comparison. The results from the preliminary round of
testing are discussed in the report.
Keywords: "Automobiles, 'Fuel consumption, "Per-
formance tests, 'Emission, Test facilities, Exhaust
gases, Automotive fuels, Environmental impacts, Air
pollution control, Exhaust systems, Fuel systems,
'Methanol fuels, US EPA.
PB90-203407/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
State of the Chesapeake Bay: Third Biennial Moni-
toring Report, 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
E. Barth, R. Batiuk, M. J. Brown, M. Burch, and D.
Domotor. 1989,38p
See also PB87-205175.
Monitoring plays a key role in guiding the Bay's resto-
ration, making it imperative that the information col-
lected through the monitoring programs be promptly
and appropnately interpreted. Routine collection and
analysis of water samples provide information on short
and long-term changes in water quality while the status
of the supporting members of the estuarine food web,
are monitored as the primary indicators of the Bay's bi-
ological health.
Keywords: 'Marine biology, 'Water quality manage-
ment, 'Chesapeake Bay, 'Monitoring, Food chains,
Plankton, Aquatic plants, Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Chlor-
ophylls, Concentration(Composition), Oysters, Marine
fishes, Oxygen, Dissolved gases.
PB90-203449/HSU	PC A13/MF A02
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Research Activity Descriptors FY 89: October
1988-Saptamber 1989. Technical rept.
Lockheed-ESCO Environmental Programs, Las Vegas,
NV.
Sep 89,288p EPA/600/9-89/059
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
See also PB88-204748. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The document has been prepared to provide to scien-
tists and administrators, both within and outside the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the most cur-
rent information on the research strategy in the Aquat-
ic Effects Research Program (AERP) and the projects
that contribute to that strategy. The AERP is a ma-
trixed managed program, involving five laboratories
within the Office of Ecological Processes and Effects
Research (OEPER) and the Office of Modeling, Moni-
toring Systems, and Quality Assurance, both of which
are part of the Environmental Protection Agency's
Office of Research and Development. The AERP also
is part of the National Acid Precipitation Assessment
Program's Aquatics Task Qroup, which involves seven
federal agencies led by the Environmental Protection
Agency. The materials contained herein summarize
AERP research activities funded in FY88 and FY89
and those proposed for funding in FY90.
Keywords: 'Research management, 'Water pollution,
'Surface waters, Watersheds, Monitoring, Lakes,
Acidification, Water chemistry, Soils, Fishes,Research
projects, Sites, Mountains, States(United States),
Mathematical models, Surveys, Aquatic Effects Re-
search Program, 'Acid precipitation, Case studies.
PB90-203456/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Freshwater Assay Using Soli Eluatee as Sample
Material (Single Laboratory Evaluation).
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
W. R. Lower, M, W. Thomas, B. M. Judy, and W. W.
Sutton. Apr 90,77p EPA/800/3-90/038
Prepared In cooperation with Missouri Unlv.-Columbia.
Environmental Trace Substances Research Center.
The Chlorophyta assay, which uses soil as sample ma-
terial, has been a useful bioassesament technique for
screening hazardous waste site problems. An eluate is
prepares from a 125-gram soil sample and then diluted
into three separate concentrations prior to being
tested using Selenastrum capricornutum. The work re-
ported here has attempted to determine the proce-
dure's capability for data quality, to provide a basis for
deciding whether the assay merits collaborative test-
ing, and to define more clearly the method's potential
for inclusion as part of an operational monitoring net-
work. The soil used for most of the evaluation was a
homogenized clay loam. Soil containing either sodium
fluoride or 2,4-dichlorophenol was tested using the
algal assay, and several tests were conducted to con-
firm the dose/response curve using the positive con-
trol compound, zinc chloride. A known test response
also was established using a white silica sand spiked
with sodium fluoride. Results revealed an apparently
poor capability for sensitivity and a somewhat limited
range of reliable measurement.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Soils, 'Bioassay,
Tests, Chlorophyta, Loam, Clay soils, Operations,
Monitoring, Sodium fluorides, Dosage, Zinc chloride,
Response, Measurement, Acceptability.
PB90-203464/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Progress Report under the 1987 Chesapeake Bay
Agreement (2nd).
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
DdC 89 59d
See also PB87-205910 and PB87-205928.
The 1987 Chesapeake Bay Agreement describes the
living resources of the Bay watershed as 'the main
focus of the restoration and protection efforts.' The
1989 living resources agenda spelled out in the Agree-
ment also was carried out with the adoption In July of
Baywide management plans for blue crabs, oysters,
and alosids (shad and herring), and a policy for the
protection and restoration of submerged aquatic vege-
tation. The fishery management plans (FMPs), the first
in a series of such plans required under the Agree-
ment, were developed by a broadly representative
workgroup of the Bay Program's Living Resources
Subcommittee. The collection, management and anal-
ysis of data on the Bay's living resources expanded in
1989 as a result of the Stock Assessment and Living
Resources Monitoring plans developed the previous
year. Maryland and Virginia worked together on a trawl
survey which is providing a comprehensive look at the
distribution and abundance of several species of fish
throughout the Bay. The States also are cooperating to
complete a Baywide assessment of blue crab stocks.
Keywords: 'Project planning, "Conservation, 'Water
pollution abatement, "Chesapeake Bay, Aquatic
plants, Protection, Crabs, Marine fishes, Bass, Abun-
dance, Monitoring, Toxicity, Nutrients, Food chains,
Maryland, Virginia, District of Columbia.
PB90-203472/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
American Creosote Works, Inc., Pensacola, Es-
cambia County, FL (First Rsmedlal Action),
(Amendment), September 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
28 Sep 89,57p EPA/ROD/R04-89/055
See also PB86-172491 .Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The 18-acre American Creosote Works (Pensacola
Plant) site, is in a dense moderately commercial and
residential area of Pensacola, Florida, approximately
600 yards from Pensacola Bay and Bayou Chico.
American Creosote Works, Inc. operated a wood pre-
serving facility onsite from 1902 to 1981. EPA signed a
Record of Decision (ROD) in 1985 requiring all onsite
and offsite contaminated solids, sludge, and sediment
to be placed in an onsite RCRA-permitted landfill. Be-
cause the State did concur with the selected remedy,
no remedial action was taken. Consequently, a post re-
medial investigation was conducted in 1988 to charac-
terize the extent of contamination. The ROD is the first
of two planned operable units and addresses remedi-
ation of contaminated surface soil. The primary con-
taminants of concern affecting the surface soil are or-
ganics including dioxins, carcinogenic PAHs, and PCP.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
Site surveys, Water pollution, Soils, Wood preserva-
tives, Ponds, Dewatering, Water treatment. Earth fills,
Creosote, Organic compounds, Carcinogens, 'Super-
fund, Record of Decision, First Remedial Action,
Dioxln, Pensacola(Florida).
PB90-203480/H8U	PC A03/MF A01
Declaration for the Record of Decision: Reeser's
LandfHI Site, Upper Macungle Township, Lehigh
County, Pennsylvania.
Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, PA.
Region III.
30 Mar 89,50p
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The decision document presents the selected remedi-
al action alternative for the Reeser's Landfill Super-
fund Site in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania. The select-
ed remedial action alternative has been developed in
accordance with CERCLA as amended by SARA, and,
to the extent practicable, the National Contingency
Plan. The selected alternative for the Reeser's Landfill
site is No Action With Ground Water Review. Under
this alternative, no remedial actions will be taken at
this site and ground water quality in the immediate vi-
cinity of the landfill will be reviewed within five years.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Earth fills, 'Waste
disposal, Organic compounds, Metals, Lehigh River,
Public health, Water wells, Residential buildings, Moni-
toring, Water quality, Superfund, Heavy metals, Lehigh
County(Pennsylvania), Remedial action.
PB90-203498/HSU	PC A14/MF A02
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9):
Litchfield Airport Area, Goodyear, AZ (Second Re-
medial Action), September 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
26 Sep 89,30Sp EPA/ROD/R09-89/045
See also PB88-220413.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The Litchfield Airport site, also known as the Phoenix-
Goodyear Airport Area site, covers approximately 35
square miles and, except for the airport is almost en-
tirely in the city of Goodyear. The surrounding area is
primarily agricultural, however, residential develop-
ment is anticipated in the near future. A ground water
divide running under the area effectively divides the
site into a northern and southern area. Between 1981
and 1983, the State discovered that the ground water
was contaminated with solvents, metals, and VOCs. A
1987 Record of Decision (ROD) addressed ground
water in an area of the southern portion of the site con-
taminated with VOCs. The ROD addresses soil
(vadose zone) and ground water remediation for the
remainder of the site, with the exception of chromium-
contaminated soil in the sludge drying beds at the
former GAC facility. The primary contaminants of con-
cern affecting the soil and ground water are VOCs in-
cluding TCE, toluene, and xylenes: and metals includ-
ing arsenic, chromium, and lead.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste
disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Ground water,
Solvents, Metals, Waste treatment, Soils, Activated
carbon process. Pumping, "Superfund, Record of De-
cision, Second Remedial Action, Volatile organic com-
pounds, 'Goodyear(Arizona), Air stripping.
PB90-204140/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Assessment of Technologies for the Remediation
of Radioactivity Contaminated Superfund Sites.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Jan 90,116p EPA/540/2-90/001
The report is a screening evaluation of information
needs for the development of generic treatability stud-
ies for the remediation of Superfund Radiation Sites on
the National Priorities List (NPL). It presents a catego-
rization of the 25 radiation sites currently proposea or
listed on the NPL, and provides a rating system for
evaluating technologies that may be used to remediate
these sites. It also identifies gaps in site assessment
and technology data and provides information about
and recommendations for technology development.
Keywords: 'Radioactive wastes, "Hazardous materi-
als, "Waste disposal, Sites, Recommendations, As-
sessments, Waste treatment, Radium, Thorium, Urani-
um, Feasibility, Soils, Water, Structures, Ratings, Per-
formance evaluation, 'Superfund program, Remedial
action, Chemicals.
PB90-204157/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Hsalth and Safety Audit Guidelines: SARA Title I,
Section 126.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Dec 89,109p EPA/540/G-89/010
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Audit
Guidelines provide step-by-step guidance for assess-
ing preliminary evaluations, health and safety plans
(HASPs), and off-site emergency response programs
required under the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) and EPA worker protection
standards. Employees affected by the EPA standards
will primarily be those State and local government em-
ployees engaged in hazardous waste operations at
hazardous waste sites and State and local off-site
emergency response personnel. The Guidelines ad-
dress two major components of the OSHA/EPA
worker protection standards: health and safety provi-
sions at uncontrolled hazardous waste sites and off-
site emergency response.
Keywords: 'Auditing, 'Safety, 'Environmental sur-
veys, Inspection, Guidelines, Hazardous materials,
Standards, Protectors, Inspection, Hazards, Regula-
tions, 'Occupational safety and health, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Emergency preparedness, Hazardous waste
sites, Emergency planning.
PB90-204173/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Comprehensive Accomplishments Plan
(SCAP) Manual. Fiscal Year 1989. Volume 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Oct 88,125p OSWER DIRECTIVE-9200.3-01 B
See also Volume 2, PB90-204181 and PB90-204165.
The FY89 Superfund Comprehensive Accomplish-
ments Plan (SCAP) Manual presents and discusses
the relationships among the major Superfund program
management tools. This includes identifying program
goals and priorities, translating those program prior-
ities into targets and measures that are planned and
tracked through the SCAP and, finally, using the eval-
uation process to determine whether program goals
are being met. The program management philosophy
for FY 1989 emphasizes rapid decision making and a
bias tor action. Program actions need to be directed
toward achieving and exceeding program targets
where possible.
Keywords: 'Management, 'Project planning, 'Hazard-
ous materials, Manuals, Objectives, Evaluation, In-
spections, Sites, Financial management, Budgeting,
Scheduling, Protection, Public health, Regulations,
Superfund program, Remedial action, 'Cleanup, Oil
spills.
PB90-204181/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
SiP?2.u.n.d Comprehensive Accomplishments Plan
(SCAP) Manual. Fiscal Year 1989. Volume 2.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Oct 88,119p OSWER DIRECTIVE-9200.3-01 B
See also Volume 1, PB90-204173.
The appendix represents the FY90 methodologies for
deriving each of the Superfund Comprehensive Ac-
complishments Plan (SCAP) targets and projection
measures. If the application of the methodologies
result in preliminary targets above the national budget,
a proportional calibration back to budget will be ap-
plied. The appendix should be used as a tool for under-
standing the initial SCAP targets/measures issued to
each region by Headquarters. For all activities, final
targets and projection measures will be established
after Headquarters/regional negotiations.
Keywords: 'Project planning, 'Hazardous materials,
Manuals, Feasibility, Methodology, Design, Removal,
Law enforcement, 'Superfund program, Record of De-
cision, 'Cleanup, Remedial action.
PB90-204199/HSU	PC A10/MF A02
Superfund Program Management Manual, Fiscal
Year 1990. Volume 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Jul 89,205p* OSWER DIRECTIVE-9200.3-01C-VOL-1
See also Volume 2, PB90-204207.
Contents: Program priorities and goal; Superfund
Comprehensive Accomplishments Plan (SCAP) proce-
dures; National information needs; SCAP/SPMS (Stra-
tegic Planning and Management System) targets and
measures; Program planning and reporting require-
ments; Financial management; Program assessment,
Workload models.
1558 Vol. 90, No. 24
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Manuals, Law en-
forcement, Management planning, Financial manage-
ment, Budgeting, Assessments, Performance evalua-
tion, Site surveys, Work measurement, Information
systems, Decision making, 'Superfund program,
'Comprehensive planning, 'Waste management, 'Re-
medial action, Regional analysis, Pollution regulations,
State implementation plans, Cleanup operations.
PB90-204207/HSU	PC A10/MF A02
Superfund Program Management Manual, Fiscal
Year 1990. Volume 2. Appendices.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Jul 89,225p* OSWER DIRECTIVE-9200.3-01 C-VOL-2
See also Volume 1, PB90-204199.
Contents: Superfund Comprehensive Accomplish-
ments Plan (SCAP)/Strategic Planning and Manage-
ment System (SPMS) methodologies for targets and
measures; Applicability of the freedom of information
act; Crosswalk for enforcement activities and reme-
dies; Definitions; Select logic for SCAP reports; CEPP
program planning requirements; Coding for case budg-
ets.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Manuals, Manage-
ment planning, Law enforcement, Budgeting, Financial
management, Data processing. Assessments, Infor-
mation systems, Logistics planning, 'Superfund pro-
gram, 'Waste management, 'Comprehensive plan-
ning, 'Remedial action, Pollution regulations, State im-
plementation plans.
PB90-204348/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9):
Beckman Instruments Site, Portervllle, CA (First
Remedial Action), September 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
26 Sep 89,60p EPA/ROD/R09-89/041
The Beckman Instruments (Porterville) site, which in-
cludes the Beckman plant and surrounding study area,
is in the city of Porterville, California. The 12-acre
Beckman plant has manufactured electronic instru-
ment assemblies and circuit boards since 1967.
Wastewater from industrial processes including elec-
troplating and decreasing, contains spent halogenated
solvents, inorganic and acid solutions, salts, metal-
laden solutions, and plating bath sludges. From 1974
to 1983, wastewater was discharged to an on-site
solar evaporation pond; however, since 1983,
wastewater has been treated onsite. Ground water in
the vicinity of the pond was used for domestic and agri-
cultural purposes until 1983 when ground water was
found to be contaminated. Beckman subsequently
closed the pond, provided alternate water supplies to
approximately 300 residents in the area, and began
ground water pumping and treatment using air strip-
ping in 1985. Additionally, soil beneath the former
pond as well as near a former pesticide operation area
are known to be contaminated with elevated levels of
lead. The primary contaminants of concern affecting
the soil and ground water are volatile organic com-
pounds including trichloroethylene, and metals includ-
ing lead.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, 'Industrial wastes, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Site surveys, Lead(Metal), Sites, Li-
censes, Metals, Public health, Aquifers, 'Superfund
program, 'Land reclamation, 'Municipal wastes, 'Re-
medial actions, 'Liquid waste disposal,
Porterville(California), Volatile organic compounds.
PB90-204587/HSU	PC A15/MF A02
Integrated Pest Management for Turfgrass and
Ornamentals.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
A. R. Leslie, and R. L. Metcalf. Aug 89,327p EPA/
540/09-90/086
Contents: Problems encountered in controlling pests
with chemical toxicants; Benefits of an Integrated pest
management approach to turfgrass and ornamentals;
Current research towards understanding the pest and
the site; State of the art research on control of turf-
grass pests through use of naturally occurring endo-
phytic fungi; State of the art research on use of ento-
mophilic nematodes for control of turfgrass insects;
Manual of current practices for control of turfgrass dis-
eases, insects and poa annua; Evaluation of the site/
pest complex: A starting point for development of an
urban pest management system for turfgrass.
Keywords: 'Turf grasses, 'Ornamental plants, 'Pest
control, "Meetings, Insects, Tolerances(Physiology),
Pesticides, Fertilizers, Ecology, Social effect, Disease
vectors, Mathematical models, Irrigation, Fungi,
Spores, Nematodes, Management, Attractants, Micro-
organisms, Plant diseases, Reprints, 'Biological pest
control, Lawn service industry, Integrated pest man-
agement.
PB90-204803/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Guidance on Applying the Data Quality Objectives
Process for Ambient Air Monitoring Around Su-
perfund Sites (Stages 1 and 2).
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC
Aug 89, 52p EPA/450/4-89/015
Contract EPA-68-02-4550
See also PB90-204611. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The document provides direction and assistance on
how the data quality objectives process is used to
design an ambient air monitoring system around a Su-
perfund site. Examples are given for Stage I (prelimi-
nary decision) and Stage II (refinement of the decision
and requirements) for monitoring during remedial
action at a hypothetical Superfund site.
Keywords: "Monitoring, 'Air pollution, 'Hazardous ma-
terials, Objectives, Instructions, Requirements,
Design, Decision making, Quality control, 'Superfund,
Remedial action, Ambient air, Chemicals.
PB90-204611/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Guidance on Applying the Data Quality Objectives
Process for Ambient Air Monitoring Around Su-
perfund Sites (Stage 3).
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
F. Smith, C. Salmons, M. Messner, and H. Shores. Mar
90. 66p EPA/450/4-90/005
Contract EPA-68-02-4550
See also PB90-204603. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The document along with a previous document (EPA-
450/4-89-015, August 1989) covering Stages I and II
provides an illustration of how the data quality objec-
tives (DQO) process is used to design an ambient air
monitoring system that will be adequate for the intend-
ed use of the data. The two documents combined are
intended to serve as a bridge between the Quality As-
surance Management Staffs (QAMS1) DQO guidance
and an actual application of the DQO process at a Su-
perfund site. The document Illustrates the process of
developing a monitoring system for volatile organic
compounds in the ambient air to the point of submitting
the design to the decision maker for approval.
Keywords: "Monitoring, "Air pollution, 'Hazardous ma-
terials, Instructions, Objectives, Quality control, Sites
Design criteria, Decision making, 'Superfund, Volatile
organic compounds.
PB90-204710/HSU	PC A18/MF A02
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas
NV.	'
Direct/Delayed Response Project: Quality Assur-
ance Report for Physical and Chemical Analyses
of Soils from the Mid-Appalachian Region of ttw
United States.
Lockheed Engineering and Sciences Co., Inc Las
Vegas, NV.
G. E. Byers, R. D. Van Remortel, M. J. Miah, J. E.
Teberg, and M. L. Papp. Apr 90,363p* EPA/600/4-
90/001
Contracts EPA-68-03-3249, EPA-68-03-3246
Prepared in cooperation with NSI Technology Services
Corp., Corvallis, OR., and Nevada Univ., Las Vegas.
Environmental Research Center. Sponsored by EnyL
ronmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The Direct/Delayed Response Project was designed
to address the concern over potential acidification o?
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
United States. The purpose of these synoptic soil
physical and chemical surveys was to characterize wa-
tersheds in regions of the United States believed to be
susceptible to the effects of acidic deposition. The
document describes the implementation of a quality
assurance program and the verification of the analyti-
cal data base for the Mid-Appalachian Soil Survey. It is
directed primarily towards the users of the data base
who will be analyzing the data and making various as-
sessments and conclusions relating to the effects of
acidic deposition on watersheds of tne region.
Keywords: 'Acidification, "Soil surveys, 'Environmen-
tal surveys, Air pollution, Statistical data, Sulfur, Water-
sheds, 'Appalachian Mountain Region(United States),
Acid rain, Dry deposition.
PB90-204728/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Development of Electro-Acoustic Soli Decontami-
nation (ESD) Process for In situ Applications.
Battelle Columbus Labs., OH.
H. S. Muralidhara, 6. F. Jirjis, F. B. Stulen, Q. B.
Wickramanayake, and A. Gill. Apr 90,141p EPA/540/
5-90/004
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The technical feasibility of electro-acoustic soil decon-
tamination process through lab experiments demon-
strated the removal/concentration of heavy metals
such as cadmium and zinc. Results of the decane con-
taminated soils were, however, inconclusive. The ESD
process is based on the application of a d.c. electric
field and acoustic field in the presence of a conven-
tional hydraulic gradient to contaminated soils to en-
hance tne transport of liquid and metal ions through
the soils. Electrodes (one or more anodes and a cath-
ode) and an acoustic source were placed In contami-
nated soils to apply an electric field and an acoustic
field to the soil, this process works especially well with
clav-type soils having small pores or capillanes, where
hydraulic permeability is very low. The development
program included a literature review, soil characteriza-
tion, design and construction of the laboratory ESD
unit, and lab scale experiments with soils contaminat-
ed with decane, zinc and cadmium. Evaluation of the
experimental results indicated that application of the
field sources reduced the heavy metals zinc and cad-
mium more than 90% in the treated cake. Tests yield-
ed 10-20% decane removal.
Keywords: 'Soils, 'Pollution control, Experimental
design, Water pollution, Ground water, Performance
evaluation, Soil surveys, Reviews, Tables(Data), Os-
mosis, Design criteria, Laboratory equipment, Zinc,
Cadmium, Clay soils, Electrolysis, Superfund Innova-
tive Technology Evaluation Program, 'Remedial
action, 'Heavy metals, 'Electroacoustic waves, Envi-
ronmental transport.
PB90-204736/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
No Migration Variances to the Hazardous Waste
Land Disposal Prohibitions: A Guidance Manual
for Petitioners.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Mar 90,87p EPA/530/SW-90/045
The interim final manual is intended to assist hazard-
ous waste management facility owners and operators
who may be considering petitioning the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA) for a variance from
land disposal prohibitions at specific sites for specific
wastes. The guidance manual also provides the EPA
interpretation and suggested procedures to implement
the regulatory standards and procedures set out in 40
CFR 268.6. Readers should note that the guidance
document is only an Interim Final, and will be updated
consistent with the final 'No Migration' rule, scheduled
for publication in September 1990.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
'Waste treatment, Guidelines, Manuals, Analysis of
variance, Quality assurance, Quality control, Licenses,
Sources, 'Land disposal, 'Waste management, 'Pol-
lution regulations. Prohibition orders, Land ownership,
US EPA, Standards compliance, Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act, Best technology, Land pollu-
tion, Environmental transport, Site characterization.
PB90-204744/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
National Radon Contractor Proficiency (RCP) Pro-
gram: Proficiency Report.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
G. L. Salmon. Apr 90,115p EPA/520/1 -90/004
The report lists those individual contractors who have
met the requirements of the Radon Contractor Profi-
ciency (RCP) Program as of February 1, 1990. These
requirements are designed to provide minimum profi-
ciency criteria for individuals who design and supervise
the installation of radon mitigation systems in build-
ings.
Keywords: 'Buildings, 'Radon, 'Measurement, Per-
sonnel development, Contractors, Acceptability,
Design, Installation, Requirements, 'Listings, Mitiga-
tion.
PB90-206319/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Comparison of West German and U.S. Flue Gaa
Desulfurization and Selective Catalytic Reduction
Costs.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
T. E. Emmel, M. Maibodi, and J. A. Martinez. Apr 90,
52p EPA/600/7-90/009
Contract EPA-68-02-4286
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report documents a comparison of the actual cost
of retrofitting flue gas desulfurization (FGD) and selec-
tive catalytic reduction (SCR) on Federal Republic of
German (FRG) boilers to cost estimating procedures
used in the U.S. to estimate the retrofit of these con-
trols on U.S. boilers. (NOTE: By the end of the 1980s,
more than 45,000 MWe and, by early 1990, more than
34,000 MWe of coal- and oil-fired utility boilers in the
FRG will have been retrofitted with FGD and SCR, re-
spectively.). The estimated capital costs of FGD using
U.S. procedures compared well to the reported capital
cost for the 13 FRG boilers evaluated. The difference
between the estimated and actual costs was -8 to
12%. However, there are significant design differ-
ences between the U.S. systems, built to comply with
New Source Performance Standards (NSPS), and the
FRG systems. These differences, which result in sig-
nificantly lower capital costs on a dollar per kilowatt
basis for the FRG systems, include: no spare absorber
modules, large scrubber modules, and smaller sorbent
and waste handling systems due to the low sulfur
coals burned in the FRG. The estimated capital cost of
SCR using the U.S. procedures also compared well to
the reported capital costs for the nine FRG boilers
evaluated. The difference was between -5 and 16%.
Keywords: 'United States, 'Air pollution control, 'Boil-
ers, 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Federal Re-
public of Germany, Cost estimates, Catalysis, Com-
bustion products, Sorbents, Calcium oxides, Lime-
stone, Performance evaluation, Design criteria, 'Flue
gas desulfurization, 'Selective catalytic reduce, 'Ret-
rofitting, Air pollution economics.
PBM-206327/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Direct/Delayed Responsa Project: Mld-Appalach-
Ian Soil Correlation and Sampling Claaa Develop-
ment Workahop. Hold in Corvallls, Oregon on
August 22-25,1988.
Corvailis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. J. Lee, D. L. Stevens, J. S. Kern, and D. A. Lammers.
May 90,51 p EPA/600/3-90/037
Prepared in cooperation with NSI Technology Services
Corp., Corvallls, OR., and Forest Service, Washington,
DC.
The Direct/Delayed Response Project (DDRP) has
been designed and implemented by the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency to estimate the number of
surface waters (lakes, streams) in three regions of the
eastern U.S. that might become acidic due to current
or altered levels of acidic deposition. As part of DDRP,
36 watersheds in the Mid-Appalachian Region (Penn-
sylvania, West Virginia, western Virginia) were mapped
at a scale of 1:24,000 for soils, vegetation, landuse,
drainage system, and depth to bedrock. As was true in
other DDRP regions, many more soils were identified
during mapping than could practically be sampled. To
facilitate sampling, the soils were grouped into 15 soil
sampling classes. Each class has been sampled sev-
eral times across the region. Because a randomized
sampling design was used, regional means and stand-
ard deviations of soil properties can be computed for
each class. The regional data will be combined with
the soil maps to estimate soil properties for each wa-
tershed. The watershed estimates can then be used in
the array of DDRP models to estimate future effects of
acidic deposition on streams in the region. The soils
identified during mapping were correlated and the
sampling classes were defined at a workshop held in
Corvailis, Oregon, Aug 22-25,1988. The report docu-
ments the process and results of the workshop, and
the post-workshop allocation of sampling effort to
sampling classes and watersheds.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Watersheds, 'Soil surveys,
'Acidification, Surface waters, Mapping, Soil proper-
ties, Estimates, Soil classifications, Air pollution, Blue
Ridge Mountains, 'Acid rain, 'Water pollution sam-
pling, 'Land pollution, Appalachian Region(United
States).
PB90-206509/HSU	PC ASS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
S02 Guideline.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. Grano, J. Vitas, S. Templeman, and R. Pandullo.
Oct 89,721 p EPA/450/2-89/019
Contract EPA-68-02-4392
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards.
The S02 Guideline is an integration and clarification of
policy and guidance information available for S02 pro-
grams. The Guideline is to aid the States and EPA Re-
gional Offices, especially in the development, review,
and enforcement of future S02 SIP (State Implemen-
tation Plans) revisions. Each chapter of the Guideline
presents a distillation of key policy and guidance for
various subjects that are important to S02 programs.
Each chapter also contains comprehensive references
to the original material upon which the chapter is
based. The references include relevant statutory and
regulatory requirements (i.e., the Clean Air Act and the
Code of Federal Regulations), FR notices, EPA guide-
line documents, ana Agency policy and guidance cor-
respondence.
Keywords: 'Sulfur dioxide, 'Guidelines, 'Air pollution
control, Law enforcement, Reviews, Forecasting,
Mathematical models, Atmospheric diffusion, Li-
censes, 'State implementation plans, 'Region analy-
sis, *Air quality, 'Air pollution sampling, US EPA, Pollu-
tion regulations, Stacks, New Source Performance
Standards, Compliance.
PB90-206533/HSU	PC A16/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Sinclair and Dyas Inlets Action Program: Initial
Data Summaries and Problam Identification.
Puget Sound Eatuary Program. Final rept.
Tetra Tech, Inc., Bellevue, WA.
Sep 88,348p EPA/910/9-88/244
Contract EPA-68-02-4341
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seat-
tle, WA. Region X.
The report provides a synthesis of information describ-
ing the geographic extent and severity of estuarine
contamination in Sinclair and Dyes Inlets within Puget
Sound in Washington State. Summaries of existing
data are provided for chemical contamination of sedi-
ment and biota, microbial contamination, eutrophica-
tion and contaminant sources. Original, summarized,
tabulated, and mapped data are presented. The objec-
tive of the Data Summaries and Problem Identification
report is to provide a mechanism for comprehensively
evaluating pollution problems in the more urbanized
embayments and for providing a basis for prioritizing
corrective actions. A decision making framework is
presented for evaluating and prioritizing both sub-
areas and specific contaminant sources. The decision
making framework includes: a review and quality as-
surance check of all available environmental data;
analyses of spatial and temporal trends of chemical,
microbial, and eutrophic contamination; a limited rank-
ing of the problem areas; and identification of data
gaps and provision of recommendations for improved
characterization of specific pollution sources.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, "Sinclair Inlet,
"Dyes Inlet, *Puget Sound, Washington(State), Estu-
aries, Sediments, Aquatic microbiology, Tables(Data),
Urban areas, Contaminants, Sources, 'Water pollution
sampling, 'Toxic substances, Aquatic animals.
PB&0-207242/HSU	PC A11/MF A02
AIRS Facility Subsystem Source Classification
Codes and Emission Factor Listing for Criteria Air
Pollutants. Final rept. 1990-91.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Mar 90,241 p* EPA/450/4-90/003
The publication contains emission factors which may
be used to estimate air pollution emissions from sta-
tionary point sources (such as industrial plants) for six
criteria pollutants: PM10, Sulfur Oxides, Nitrogen
Oxides, Reactive Volatile Organic Compounds,
Carbon Monoxide and Lead. Factors are grouped by
'source classification codes' which are used by EPA to
store and retrieve point source emission data. Each
SCC represents a unique process or function within a
source category logically associated with a point of air
pollution emissions. The document also briefly ex-
plains how to calculate estimated point source emis-
sions.
Keywords: *Air pollution, Tables(Data), Industrial
wastes, Numerical analysis, Boilers, Combustion prod-
ucts, Solid waste disposal, Petroleum products, Or-
?anic solvents, Internal combustion engines,
ead(Metal), Exhaust emissions, Sulfur oxides. Nitro-
gen oxides, Carbon monoxide, 'Emission factors,
Emission inventories, 'Source classification codes,
Point sources, Volatile organic compounds, Particu-
lates, Source industrial codes.
PB90-207317/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park.NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Alr/Superfund National Technical Guidance Study
Series. Comparisons of Air Stripper Simulations
and Field Performance Data. Final rept.
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
G. L. Saunders. Feb 90,112p EPA/450/1 -90/002
Contract EPA-68-02-4394
See also PB90-162544. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
One of the more common problems noted at Super-
fund sites is the contamination of ground water by
volatile organic compounds (VOCs). One remedial al-
ternative that is used to reduce or remove the VOC
contamination from water is air stripping in a tower that
uses either packing media or trays. The ability to strip a
compound from the water depends on several factors
including the air/water ratio, the packing or tray type!
and the Henry's Law value for the compounds of inter-
98t- The objective is to remove the VOCs from the
water. When being considered for remediation pur-
poses, the air stripper design should be evaluated for
removal efficiency and cost of operation. The purpose
of the project was to collect available design and oper-
ating data on operating air strippers and to input the
design and operating parameters into the ASPEN sim-
ulator through a user interface program. The results
from the ASPEN simulator were compared to the oper-
ating data gathered for the sites to determine the rela-
tive accuracy of the ASPEN model results when com-
pared with the actual performance data.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Computerized simulation
'Strippers, Guidelines, Performance evaluation, Com-
parison, Field tests, Design criteria, Operating costs,
Capitalized costs, Air pollution control, Air water inter-
actions, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial action,
'Volatile organic compounds, 'Water pollution control
equipment, Environmental transport, Chemical spills,
Environmental impact assessments, Emission factors.
PB90-207978/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
PM-10 Open Fugitive Dust Source Computer
Model Package. User's Manual.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Tnangle
Park NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Apr 90,37p EPA/450/3-90/010, EPA/SW/DK-90/
Aqi a
For system on diskette, see PB90-502022. Preparedin
cooperation with Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City,
MO.
The computer programs in the package are based on
the material presented in the document, 'Control of
Open Fugitive Dust Sources, EPA-450/3-88-008.' The
programs on these diskettes serve two purposes.
Their primary purpose is to facilitate the process of
data entry, allowing the user not only to enter and
verify the data which he/she possesses, but also to
access additional data which might not be readily
available. The second purpose is to calculate emission
rates for the particular source category selected using
the data previously entered and verified.
Keywords: "Dust, "Air pollution, Estimating, Rates(Per
time), Sources, Documentation, "Fugitive emissions,
User manuals(Computers).
PB90-207986/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Toxic Chemical Release Inventory. TRIS Tape
Specifications, GPO/NTIS Format (Documenta-
tion),
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
19 Apr 90, 75p* EPA/DF/MT-90/030A
For system on magnetic tape, see PB90-502030.
The list of toxic chemicals subject to reporting consist-
ed initially of chemicals listed for similar reporting pur-
poses by the States of New Jersey and Maryland.
There are over 300 chemicals and categories on these
lists. The document describes the inventory format as
it is transmitted on magnetic tape. The specifications
include record length, block size, character set, densi-
ty, and record counts.
Keywords: "Industrial wastes, Manufacturing, Invento-
ries, Documentation, "Toxic substances, Chemical
effluents, 'Pollution regulations, Reporting require-
ments, Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-
Know Act, Superfund Amendments and Reauthoriza-
tion Act of 1986.
PB90-208331/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Assessment for Anne Arundel County
Landfill, Glen Burnle, Maryland, Region 3. CER-
CLIS No. MDD980705057. Preliminary rept.
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,
Atlanta, GA.
31 Jan 90,12p
The Anne Arundel County Landfill (AACL) has been
proposed for inclusion on the National Priorities List
(NPL) of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA). The 130-acre site is located in Glen Burnie in
Anne Arundel County, Maryland. The onsite shallow
groundwater aquifer (25 to 60 feet) contained heavy
metals (arsenic and lead) and volatile organic com-
pounds (1,1-dichloroethane, 1,1-dichioroethene,
trans-1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane. trich-
loroethylene, and vinyl chloride) at concentrations sig-
nificantly above the MCLs, and PMCLGs. Inorganic
compounds were not at concentrations of health con-
cern in the deep groundwater aquifer (100 to 150 feet).
However, some volatile organic compounds (1,1-dich-
loroethane, 1,1-dichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroeth-
ane) were detected, and trichloroethylene was found
at concentrations exceeding the MCL in two wells on
site in the southwest quadrant. The site is considered
to be of potential public health concern because of the
potential risk to human health resulting from possible
exposure to hazardous substances.
Keywords: 'Public health, 'Environmental surveys,
'Water pollution, Exposure, Earth fills, Arsenic,
Lead(Metal), Groundwater, 'Risk assessment, Glen
Burnie(Maryland), Environmental monitoring, Volatile
organic compounds.
PB90-208927/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Guidance for the Rereglstratlon of Pesticide
Products Containing Aluminum Tris<0-Ethylphos-
phonate) as the Active Ingredient.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Feb 88,122p EPA/540/RS-90/088
The document is a revised Registration Standard for
the subject chemical. In its original Standard, issued in
June 1983, the Agency described the available data
supporting the registration of the chemical and its as-
sessment of those data in terms of whether the pesti-
cide met the 'no unreasonable adverse effects' stand-
ard of FIFRA. The Agency concluded that additional
data were necessary to fully evaluate the pesticide,
and, as part of the issuance of the Standard, required
that registrants supply those data. The Agency also
set out label requirements needed to ensure that prod-
ucts containing the pesticide were adequate to protect
public health and the environment while the data were
under development.
Keywords: "Fungicides, 'Standards, Guidelines, Agri-
cultural products, Manufacturing, Regulations, Labels,
Packaging, Hazardous materials, Phosphonates.
Public nealth, Tables(Data), 'Reregistration, 'Fosetyt-
Al, 'Toxic substances, Federal Insecticide Fungicide
and Rodenticide Act, Phosphonate/aluminum tris o-
ethyl, CAS 39148-24-8.
PB90-208935/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Fate and Effects Division Standard
Evaluation Procedure: Terrestrial Field Dissipa-
tion.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
C. Fletcher, S. Hong, C. Eiden, and M. Barrett Dec 89.
34p EPA/540/09-90/073
Supersedes PB89-100358.
The Standard Evaluation Procedure (SEP) describes
the procedures used by EPA to evaluate studies on the
dissipation and movement of pesticide residues in the
field. The SEP provides a data reviewer with important
guidance in determining the acceptability of a terrestri-
al field dissipation study. Details of the proper study
design are outlined and the relevance of each aspect
of the study design pertinent to pesticide degradation
is explained. The information is to be used by the re-
viewer as guidance in determining study acceptability.
The document outlines the general theory of pesticide
degradation and provides an overview of the methods
used for calculating pesticide degradation rates and
half-lives. Important points to consider in assessing
the data and In drawing a conclusion about the dissipa-
tion and movement of pesticide residues in the field
are discussed.
Keywords: 'Degradation, 'Dissipation, Guidelines,
Field tests, Quality control, Soil surveys, Reaction ki-
netics, Numerical analysis, Ground water, Water pollu-
tion, Biodeterioration, Sampling, Surface waters.
Chemical analysis, 'Environmental effects, 'Path of
pollutants, 'Pesticide residues. Environmental persist-
ence, Land pollution.
PB90-208B43/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Division Standard Evaluation Pro-
cedure: Residues in Meat, Milk, Poultry and Eogs:
Feeding Studies/Feed-Throughs.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
R. A. Loranger. 17 Apr 90,19p EPA/540/09-90/087
The document is designed to aid Dietary Exposure
Branch reviewers in their evaluations of livestock pes-
ticide feeding studies submitted by petitioners and reg-
istrants. It informs the public and registrants of what
factors are considered in the review process. Live-
stock feeding studies are required under 40 CFR
158.240 when residues of a pesticide requested lor
registration under the amended Federal Insecticide,
Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act appear in livestock
feed. Such residues could be due to treatment of agri-
cultural crops or to international addition of the pesti-
cide to the livestock feed (a feed-through). The animal
studies are also needed to set tolerances for residues
of pesticides in meat, milk, poulty and eggs under
Section 408 of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic
Act. Exposure of the public to pesticide residues from
ingestion of the raw agricultural commodities can then
be estimated.
Keywords: 'Agricultural products, 'Tests, 'Toxicology
'Livestock, Exposure, Hazardous materials, Methodoll
ogy, Meat, Milk, Eggs, Poultry, 'Pesticide residues
Health effects.
PB90-209636/H8U	PC A05/MF AOt
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4fc
Sydney Mine Sludge Ponds, FL. (First RemedM
Action), September 1989. Final rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89,85p EPA/ROD/R04-89/054
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The Sydney Mine Sludge Ponds site occupies 9.5
acres of a 1,700-acre former phosphate mining site in
Brandon, Hillsborough County, Florida. From 1973 to
1981 the county rented the site for disposal of septic
wastes, waste automotive oils, grease trap wastes,
and manufacturing cutting oils. Disposal operations
ended in September 1981 when the State denied issu-
ance of a second operation permit for the site. The
second phase included excavation of approximately
15,000 cubic yards of contaminated soil with onsite
treatment by air-drying followed by offsite disposal.
This operable unit addresses ground water contamina-
tion at the site. The primary contaminants of concern
affecting the ground water are VOCs including ben-
zene, toluene, TCE, and xylenes. The selected remedi-
al action for the site includes continued ground water
pumping with onsite treatment by air stripping and
spray irrigation on land adjacent to the waste disposal
site.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Wasted disposal,
'Pits(Excavations), Site surveys. Water pollution. Oils,
Greases, Septic tanks, Benzene, Toulene, Ground
water, Pumping, Waste treatment, Irrigation, Monitor-
ing, 'Superfund, Record of Decision, First Remedial
Action, 'Hillsboro County(Florida), Volatile organic
compounds, Land application.
PB90-210998/HSU	PC A11/MF A02
Modal RCRA Permit for Hazardous Waste Man-
agement Facilities (Draft).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Sep 88,242p* EPA/530/SW-90/049
The primary purpose of the Model Permit is to assist
permit writers in drafting or reviewing hazardous waste
facility permits. The guidance document covers proc-
ess-specific conditions for container storage areas,
tanks, incinerators, waste piles, surface impound-
ments, land treatment areas, and landfills, etc. The in-
troduction to the Model Permit discusses an approach
with examples to developing permits.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Manuals, Ground
water, Reviews, Containers, Storage tanks, Earth fills,
Law enforcement, Performance standards, Waste dis-
posal, Waste treatment, 'Waste management, 'Waste
processing plants, 'Resource Conservation Recovery
Act of 1976, 'Permits, 'Administrative procedures, In-
cineration, Surface impoundments, Water pollution
sampling, Comprehensive planning, Compliance, Pol-
lution regulations, Land disposal, Waste storage.
PB90-211004/HSU	PC A11/MF A02
RCRA Permit Quality Protocol (Draft).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Sep 88, 232p* EPA/530/SW-90/050
The primary purpose of the Permit Protocol is to assist
permit writers in drafting or reviewing hazardous waste
facility permits. The Protocol is to be used in conjunc-
tion with the model permit to evaluate the technical
completeness and adequacy of permits. The Protocol
provides a checklist of permit conditions, which mirrors
the model permit conditions for use in evaluating the
completeness of the permit, and for a select number of
permit conditions, the Protocol provides technical and
enforceability evaluation criteria and guidance. In addi-
tion, the Protocol is to be used to help evaluate the
completeness and adequacy of the administrative
record in supporting permit conditions. The Protocol is
used by headquarters when conducting regional re-
views, and regions should use It when evaluating the
states.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Guidelines, Manu-
als, Ground water, Performance standards, Waste dis-
posal, Law enforcement, Waste treatment, Design cri-
teria, Containers, Storage tanks, Earth fills, 'Permits,
'Waste management, 'Waste processing plants, 'Re-
source Conservation Recovery Act of 1976, Adminis-
trative procedures, Compliance, Pollution regulations,
Comprehensive planning, Permit applications, Waste
storage, Water pollution sampling, Land disposal, In-
cineration, Surface impoundments.
PB90-212200/HSU	PC A20/MF AOS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
(NAPAP) Emissions Inventory, 1985: Development
of Species Allocation Factors. Final rept. Jan 89-
Jan 90.
Alliance Technologies Corp., Chapel Hill, NC.
R. A. Walters, and M. L. Saeger. Apr 90,472p EPA/
DF/MT-90/033A,, EPA/600/7-89/010F
Contract EPA-68-02-4274
For system on magnetic tape, see PB90-502097.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report describes the methodologies and data
bases used to develop species allocation factors and
data processing software used to develop the 1985
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
(NAPAP) Modelers' Emissions Inventory (Version 2).
Species allocation factors were developed to convert
annual emissions estimates of hydrocarbons, nitrogen
oxides (NOx), and total suspended particulates (TSP)
into more resolved classes to be used in modeling and
assessment activities. The factors were used to divide:
the hydrocarbon estimates in the annual inventory into
32 representative chemical classes based on common
reactivity and product species, the NOx estimates into
NO and N02, and the TSP estimates into 15 classes
based on component species and size ranges. Tem-
poral, spatial, and pollutant species allocation factors
have been developed to convert annual emissions
data into resolved modeling formats suitable for use as
input to regional transport models such as the Region-
al Acid Deposition Model. The level of resolution re-
quired for the allocation factors was defined by the
modelers based on analyses of model performance
and emissions data bases.
Keywords: 'Data file, Models, Estimates, Chemical
analysis, Nitrogen oxides, Hydrocarbons, Documenta-
tion, 'National Acid Precipitation Assessment Pro-
gram, 'Acid rain, 'Emission inventories, Species allo-
cation factors, Particulates.
PB90-212549/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Direct/Delayed Response Project Field Oper-
ations and Quality Assurance Report for Addition-
al Watershed Mapping in the Northeastern Region
of the United States.
NSI Technology Services Corp., Corvallis, OR.
J. S. Kern, D. A. Lammers, D. L. Cassell, and W. G.
Campbell. May 90,180p EPA/600/3-90/036
Contract EPA-68-C8-0006
Prepared in cooperation with Forest Service, Washing-
ton, DC. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
The report documents the second (additional) map-
ping program of the Direct/Delayed Response Project
(DDRP) in the Northeastern United States. The survey
of additional watersheds was conducted because of
apparent sulfate retention by some watersheds based
on data from the original DDRP Northeastern survey.
The objectives of the report are to document the meth-
ods, field operations, and quality assurance/quality
control (QA/QC) of the mapping. The protocols, QA
plan, and soil legend for the watershed mapping are
presented as appendices.
Keywords: 'Watersheds, 'Air water interactions,
'Acidity, 'Water pollution, 'Mapping, 'Quality assur-
ance, Quality control, Field tests, Air pollution, Soil sur-
veys, Topography, Drainage, Surface waters. Deposi-
tion, Qeomorpnology, Land use, 'Direct/Delayed Re-
sponse Project, 'Acid rain, Northeast reaion(United
States), Forests, Bedrock, Regional analysis, Land
pollution.
PB90-212556/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Biological Data for Pharmacokinetic Modeling and
Risk Assessment Report of a Workshop Con-
vened by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency and I LSI Risk Science Institute. Held in
Asheville, North Carolina on April 23-26,1988.
Eastern Research Group, Inc., Arlington, MA.
Aug 89,143p OHEA/l-347,, EPA/600/3-90/019
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment, American Industrial Health Council,
Scarsdale, NY., American Petroleum Inst., Washing-
ton, DC., and Mobil Oil Corp., New York.
The report summarizes the information presented at
the "Workshop on Biological Data for Pharmacokinetic
Modeling and Risk Assessment' held by EPA and the
Risk Science Institute on May 23-25, 1988, in Ashe-
ville, North Carolina. The report provides a general
background of risk assessment and reviews how bio-
logical data are used in risk assessment and the ways
pharmacokinetic modeling can reduce the uncertain-
ties in risk assessment. Different biological models and
their value are described, and the differences between
predictive and descriptive models are explained. The
report reviews the development and history of pharma-
cokinetic models, the strengths and limitations of the
models, the types of biological data necessary to use
pharmacokinetic models, and the role of sensitivity
analysis in incorporating pharmacokinetic data into risk
assessment. Hepatic metabolism data is used as an
example of incorporating In vitro and in vivo data into
pharmacokinetic models. Two approaches used for
cross-species scaling are included, as well as biotrans-
formation and the correlation of in vitro and In vivo
data. Actual case studies showing pharmacokinetic
modeling used in risk assessment are also described,
and research needs are identified.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, Graphs(Charts), Methylene chlo-
ride, Butadienes, In vivo analysis, In vitro analysis,
Benzene, Liver, 'Pharmacokinetics, 'Risk assess-
ment, Dose-response relationships.
PB90-212564/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Mobility and Degradation of Residues at Hazard-
ous Waste Land Treatment Sites at Closure. Final
rept. Sep 87-Apr 90.
Texas Univ. at Austin.
R. C. Loehr, D. C. Erickson, L. A. Rogers, and D. M.
Kelmar. Apr 90,183p EPA/600/2-90/018
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
Soil treatment systems that are designed and man-
aged based on a knowledge of soil-waste interactions
may represent a significant technology for simultane-
ous treatment and ultimate disposal of selected haz-
ardous wastes in an environmentally acceptable
manner. These soil treatment systems cease oper-
ations for various reasons and undergo a 'closure
process.' The process is performed to minimize the
long-term migration of waste constituents from the soil
treatment system. Decisions pertaining to the closure
process often center around the various closure sce-
narios. There is currently a lack of scientifically derived
fate and transport information for the wide range of
hazardous chemicals for which such decisions can be
made. The report presents information pertaining to
the quantitative evaluation of mobility and persistence
of organic and inorganic waste constituents which
have accumulated over a long-term period in soil treat-
ment systems under various closure scenarios. The in-
formation will be useful in the development of soil
treatment closure decisions which will be protective of
human health and the environment.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
'Site surveys, 'Biodeterioration, 'Residues, Organic
compounds, Inorganic compounds, Soil analysis,
Sampling, Weathering, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocar-
bons, Metals, Computerized simulation, Public health,
Decision making, Management planning, chemical
analysis, 'Environmental transport, 'Waste treatment,
'Waste management, 'Closures, 'Environmental per-
sistence, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Pollution regulations, Environment protection.
PB90-212572/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Acid Aerosol Measurement Workshop. Held In Re-
search Triangle Park, North Carolina on February
1-3,1989. Final rept.
Research and Evaluation Associates, Inc., Chapel Hill,
NC.
W. E. Wilson. 1989,129p EPA/600/9-89/056
Contract EPA-68D80063
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
The report documents the discussion and results of
the U.S. EPA Acid Aerosol Measurement Workshop,
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
conducted February 1-3, 1989, in Research Triangle
Park, North Carolina. It was held in response to recom-
mendations by the Clean Air Scientific Advisory Com-
mittee (CASAC) regarding issues associated with the
characterization of aerosol acidity and acid aerosol
measurement methods. The workshop was structured
to identify appropriate indicators and methodology for
characterizing aerosol acidity and to develop ideas
and recommendations for the evaluation of acid aero-
sol methods currently in use. The workshop partici-
pants identified the development of an accurate, reli-
able, and interference-free method as an important ini-
tial research objective, and concluded that the most
appropriate indicator of aerosol acidity is fine-particle
strong acidity measured as hydrogen ion by either pH
or titration. After considering procedures to evaluate
current acid aerosol measurement methods, workshop
participants concluded that the evaluation process
must include the development and distribution of audit
standards to check the accuracy and precision, and
both laboratory and field tests to evaluate and com-
pare acid aerosol sampling and analysis systems. The
report provides background on the CASAC recom-
mendations and summarizes the presentations, dis-
cussions, conclusions, and recommendations at the
workshop.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Aerosols, 'Acidity, Quality as-
surance, Particles, Fines, pH, Experimental design,
Field tests, Performance evaluation, Samplers, Parti-
cle size, Protons, Volumetric analysis, Public health.
Exposure, Chemical analysis, Reviews, 'Air pollution
sampling, 'Air quality, 'Air pollution standards, Air pol-
lution detection, Risk assessment, Hydrogen ions.
PB90-212598/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Micronucleus Assay Data Management and Analy-
sis System: Version 1.1. User's Guide.
Integrated Lab. Systems, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Mar 90,52p EPA/600/4-90/011
Contract EPA-68-C8-0068
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The user's manual provides guidance to researchers
and the regulatory community for interacting with a
data management and statistical analysis system, des-
ignated MN. MN is dedicated to the in vivo micronu-
f.8!. ' S r0Lrt'hely used genetic toxicology assay
for chemical compounds which may be of concern
The objective in developing this system has been to
promote consistency and intercomparability of assay
test results across laboratories, thus providing re-
searchers and government decision makers vtfth a
means to assure comparable analyses of test data.
The MN data management and analysis system has
been developed in consultation with a panel of biosta-
tisticians and experts in the field of cytogenetics.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Mutagens, Manuals, Com-
puter systems software, Statistical analysis, Chromo-
some abnormalities, Data processing, In vivo analysis,
"Micronucleus test.
PB90-212606/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Report on Algal Toxicity Tests on Selected Office
of Toxic Substances (OTS) Chemicals.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
M. A. Bollman, W. K. Baune, S. Smith, K. DeWhitt, and
L. Kapustka. 24 Feb 89,186p EPA/600/3-90/041
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Pre-
pared in cooperation with NSI Technology Services
Corp., Corvallis, OR.
Algal (Selenastrum capricornutum) assays were per-
formed on 11 chemicals selected from a larger list of
candidate chemicals provided by the EPA's Office of
Toxic Substances (OTS). Limited chemical analysis of
those chemicals that could be tested readily at tRL-C
was performed in support of the bioassays. Of the 11
chemicals tested, two (tetraethyl ammonium chloride
and butyl mercaptan) were judged non-toxic to the
algae by virtue of the calculated EC50 exceeding 1000
mg/L. Three chemicals were extremely toxic (EC50 <
10 mg/L; methyl vinyl ketone, octylamine, and phthalic
anhydride); three were highly toxic (EC50 > 10 mg/L
but < 100 mg/L; azosulfamide, methyl acrylate, and
nitrobenzene); and three were moderately toxic (EC50
> 100 mg/L but < 1000 mg/L; glyoxal, sodium dode-
cylbenzenesulfonate, and gTycidol). The work contrib-
utes to the toxicity data base assembled on these
1562 Vol. 90, No. 24
chemicals. Previously, algal toxicity information was
lacking for these compounds.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, "Algae, Bioassay, Tables(Data),
Graphs(Charts), 'Toxic substances, Databases, Envi-
ronmental monitoring.
PB90-212614/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Summary Report for the National Atmospheric
Deposition Program/National Trends Network
(NADP/NTN) Site Visitation Program for the
Period October 1987 through September 1988.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
W. C. Eaton, C. E. Moore, R. W. Murdoch, R. C.
Shores, and D. A. Ward. Apr 90,88p EPA/600/3-90/
040
Contract EPA-68-D8-0001
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) pro-
vides technical assistance to the NADP/NTN network
through a site visitation program. Research Triangle
Institute, as contractor to EPA, conducts these visits. If
deficiencies or nonstandard procedures are noted, the
site operator and supervisor are notified. Brief reports
are sent to the EPA Project Officer, the NADP/NTN
Quality Assurance Manager, and others. In this way,
necessary changes can be made promptly. All
NADP.NTN sites were visited in 1985-1986. A second
round of visits began in October 1986, with the goal of
visiting approximately one-third of the 200 sites each
year over the next three years. The document is a
summary report of the findings from the 1987-1988
(Fiscal Year 1988) site visitation program to 57 of the
sites of the NADP/NTN network. In its present config-
uration, the network's research and monitoring pro-
grams are supported and operated by the U.S. Geo-
logical Survey; State Agricultural Experiment Stations;
the Departments of Agriculture, the Interior, Com-
merce, and Energy; and EPA. Additional support is
provided by state agencies, public utilities, and indus-
tries.
Keywords: 'Site surveys, 'Precipitation(Meteorology),
'Rain gages, 'Collecting methods, 'Accumulators,
Quality assurance, Comparison, Tables(Data), pH,
Standards, Sample preparation, Forms(Paper), Con-
ductivity, Quality control, Questionnaires, 'Air pollution
sampling, 'National Atmospheric Deposition Program/
National Trends Network, "Acid rain, Administrative
procedures, Investigations.
PB90-213836/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Inorganic Contract Compliance Screening System
(ICCSS) Software for the PC (Version 3/90) User
Manual.
Viar and Co., Alexandria, VA. Management Services
Div.
Feb 90,138p EPA/SW/DK-90/026A
Contracts EPA-68-D9-0135, EPA-68-01-7253
For system on diskette, see PB90-591700. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
The document is the user manual for Inorganic Con-
tract Compliance Screening System (ICCSS) software.
ICCSS software is a version of a mainframe-based ap-
plication developed for the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency's National Contract Laboratory Program
(CLP). ICCSS is designed to automate the determina-
tion of contractual compliance and completeness of
data submitted to EPA under the Routine Analytical
Services (RAS) programs of CERCLA (Comprehensive
Emergency Response Clean-up and Liability Act) and
SARA (Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization
Act). In order to remain consistent with the mainframe
system the PC version of ICCSS Is written in SAS and
requires that SAS/PC be installed on the host PC. It
will load analytical data from diskettes into SAS file
format, perform technical edits on the data, produce
technical defect and summary reports, and reproduce
forms which shows defects. In addition, ICCSS in-
cludes software to detect critical structural defects in
the data format, to assist in identifying these for cor-
rection prior to performing technical edits. The 2/90
version of ICCSS software is applicable to structural
and technical checking of diskette data in either format
A or B for inorganic analysis under the CLP RAS 2/88
Statement of Work (SOW).
Keywords: 'Contract administration, "Monitoring, Inor-
ganic chemistry. Chemical analysis, Documentation,
Comprehensive Emergency Response Clean-up and
Liability Act(CERCLA), "Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act(SARA), Environmental Protection
Agency, User manuals(Computer programs).
PB90-213844/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Organic Contract Compliance Screening System
(OCCSS) Software for the PC (Version 2/90) User
Manual.
Viar and Co., Alexandria, VA. Management Services
Div.
Feb 90,167p EPA/SW/DK-90/025A
Contracts EPA-68-D9-0135, EPA-68-01 -7253
Supersedes PB89-167951. For system on diskette,
see PB90-591690. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Emergency
and Remedial Response.
The document is the user manual for Organic Contract
Compliance Screening System (OCCSS) software.
OCCSS software is a version of a mainframe-based
application developed for the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency's National Contract Laboratory Pro-
gram (CLP). OCCSS is designed to automate trie de-
termination of contractual compliance and complete-
ness of data submitted to EPA under the Routine Ana-
lytical Services (RAS) programs of CERCLA (Compre-
hensive Emergency Response Clean-up and Liability
Act) and SARA (Superfund Amendments and Reau-
thorization Act). In order to remain consistent with the
mainframe system the PC version of OCCSS is writter
in SAS and requires that SAS/PC be installed on the
host PC. It will load analytical data from diskettes into
SAS file format, perform technical edits on this data,
produce technical defect and summary reports, and
reproduce forms which show defects. In addition,
OCCSS includes software to detect critical structural
defects in the data format, to assist in identifying these
for correction prior to performing technical edits. The
2/90 version of OCCSS software is applicable to struc-
tural and technical checking of diskette data in either
format A or B for Organic analysis under the CLP RAS
2/88 Statement of Work (SOW).
Keywords: "Contract administration, "Monitoring, Or-
ganic chemistry, Chemical analysis, Documentation,
"Comprehensive Emergency Response Clean-up and
Liability Act(CERCLA), "Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act(SARA), Environmental Protection
Agency, User manuals(Computer programs).
PB90-213885/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Studies/Chronic: Data Formats for Chronlc/Onco-
genlclty Rodent Bioassays.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Pesticide Programs.
R. A. Levy, and B. T. Cook. May 90,63p EPA/540/09-
90/092
Prepared in cooperation with Dynamac Corp., Rock-
ville, MD.
The document presents the electronic data submis-
sion formats for parameters in a chronic/oncogenicity
bioassay. The purpose of the document is to present
file formats for the electronic transfer of individual
animal toxicological data generated from long-term
rodent chronic/oncogenicity studies. These formats
have been developed to meet the electronic data sub-
mission requirements of the United States Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA), the Department of
Health and Human Services' Food and Drug Adminis-
tration (FDA), the National Center for Toxicological Re-
search (NCTR) and the Consumer Product Safety
Commission (CPSC). It is intended that these formats
be available for all electronic transfer ol toxicological
data between the chemical industry and the govern-
ment, within the chemical industry itself and between
government agencies.
Keywords: "Computer systems software, "Rodents.
Hematology, Urinalysis, Bioassay, Pathology, Body
weight, Food consumption, 'Carcinogenicity testa
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-213893/HSU	PC A19/MF A03
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
DEGADIS (DEnss QA« Dispersion) Model, Version
2.1. User's Guide.
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
T. O. Spicer, and J. A. Havens. Nov 89,427p* EPA/
SW/DK-90/034A,, EPA/450/4-89/019
Contract EPA-68-02-4351
For system on diskette, see PB90-502253. Prepared in
cooperation with Arkansas Univ., Fayetteville. Dept. of
Chemical Engineering. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
An improved Jet-Plume model has been interfaced
with DEGADIS to provide for prediction of the trajecto-
ry and dilution of elevated dense gas jets to ground
contact. DEGADIS predicts the ensuing ground-level
plume dispersion. The Jet-Plume model provides for:
automatic adjustment of integration step-size (using
the Runge-Kutta-Gill method as in DEGADIS); elliptical
plume shape (cross-section), with air entrapment
specified consistent with the Pasquill-Gifford plume
dispersion coefficient representation of atmospheric
turbulent entrainment; user specification of averaging
time; ground reflection when the plume (lower) bound-
ary reaches ground level; and application to scenarios
where the plume remains aloft.
Keywords: * Air pollution, 'Dispersions, 'Plumes,
Gases, Mathematical models, Dilution, Trajectories,
Documentation, Chemical effluents.
PB90-213950/HSU	PC E99/MF E99
Application for Certification 1990 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1990,19483p
Set includes PB90-213968 through PB90-214180.
No abstract available.
PB90-213968/HSU	PC A99/MF A04
Application for Certification 1990 Model Ysar
Light-Duty Vehicles - Alfa Lancia.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1990,659p EPA/460/A-90/1
See also PB86-135795.
Also available in set of 23 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-213950.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification, in the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
caldescription of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
control, 'Light duty vehicles, "Certification, 'Exhaust
emission control devices, 'Evaporative emission con-
trol devices, Compliance, Motor vehlcles(1990
models), Alfa Lancia.
PB90-213976/HSU	PC A99/MF E12
Application for Certification 1990 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Audi.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1990,1336p EPA/460/A-90/2
See also PB89-117949.
Also available in set of 23 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-213950.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
control, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Certification, 'Exhaust
emission control devices, 'Evaporative emission con-
trol devices, Compliance, Motor vehicles(1990
models), Audi.
PB90-213984/HSU	PC A20/MF A03
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1990 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles and Trucks - Chrysler Motor
Corporation.
Chrysler Corp., Detroit, Ml.
1990,473p EPA/460/A-90/3
See also PB88-198213. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 23 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-213950.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
control, Trucks, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Certification,
'Exhaust emission control devices, 'Evaporative
emission control devices, Compliance, Motor vehi-
cles(1990 models), Chrysler Motor Corporation.
PB90-213992/HSU	PC A99/MF E06
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1990 Model Year
Light-Duty Trucks - Chrysler.
Chrysler Coip., Detroit, Ml.
1990,960p EPA/460/A-90/4
See also PB88-198213. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 23 reports, PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-213950.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
Issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
control, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Certification, 'Exhaust
emission control devices, 'Evaporative emission con-
trol devices, Compliance, Motor vehicles(1990
models), Chrysler.
PB90-21400S/HSU	PC A99/MF A04
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1990 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Chrysler.
Chrysler dorp., Detroit, Ml.
1990, 660p EPA/460/A-90/5
See also PB88-198213. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 23 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-213950.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
control, "Light duty vehicles, 'Certification, 'Exhaust
emission control devices, 'Evaporative emission con-
trol devices, Compliance, Motor vehicles(1990
models), Chrysler.
PB90-214016/HSU	PC A22/MF A03
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1990 Modal Year
Light-Duty Truck - Jeep Eagle.
Chrysler Coip., Detroit, Ml.
1990, 506p EPA/460/A-90/6
See also PB86-198213. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 23 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-213950.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, sen/ice accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
control, Trucks, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Certification,
'Exhaust emission control devices, 'Evaporative
emission control devices, Compliance, Motor vehi-
cles(1990 models), Jeep Eagle.
PB90-214024/HSU	PC A20/MF A03
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1990 Model Year
Ught-Duty Vehicles - Jeep Eagle.
Chrysler Corp., Detroit, Ml.
1990,454p EPA/460/A-90/7
See also PB88-198213 and PB90-214016. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 23 reports PC E99/MF E99
PB90-213950.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
control, * Light duty vehicles, 'Certification, 'Exhaust
emission control devices, "Evaporative emission con-
trol devices, Compliance, Motor vehicles(1990
models), Jeep Eagle.
PB90-214032/HSU	PC A14/MF A02
Application for Certification 1990 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Diamond Star Motor Corpo-
ration.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1990, 314p EPA/460/A-90/8
Also available in set of 23 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-213950.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
control, "Light duty vehicles, "Certification, "Exhaust
emission control devices, "Evaporative emission con-
trol devices, Compliance, Motor vehicles(1990
models), Diamond Star Motor Corporation.
PB90-214040/HSU
PC A11/MF A02
19®^ Model' Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Ferrari.
fProtection Agency, Washington, DC.
1990,242p EPA/460/A-90/9
^ailatte in set of 23 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB9U-213950.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application tor certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides Information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "internal combustion engines, Air pollution
control, "Light duty vehicles, "Certification, "Exhaust
emission control devices, "Evaporative emission con-
trol devices, Compliance, Motor vehicles(l990
models), Ferrari.
PB90-214057/HSU	PC A99/MF EOS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1990 Modal Year
Light-Duty Trucks • Ford Motor Company.
Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Ml.
1990,1138p EPA/460/A-90/10
See also PB89-117873. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 23 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-213950.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
1564 Vol. 90, No. 24
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
control, Trucks, "Light duty vehicles, "Certification,
"Exhaust emission control devices, 'Evaporative
emission control devices, Compliance, Motor vehi-
cles(1990 models), Ford Motor Company.
PB90-21406S/HSU	PC A99/MF E12
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1990 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Ford. Volumes 2,3 and 4.
Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Ml.
1990,1286p EPA/460/A-90/11
See also PB89-117873. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 23 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-213950.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
control, "Light duty vehicles, "Certification, "Exhaust
emission control devices, "Evaporative emission con-
trol devices, Compliance, Motor vehlcles(1990
models), Ford.
PB90-214073/HSU	PC A99/MF E06
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1990 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles and Trucks - Ford Motor Cor-
poration.
Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Ml.
1990,891p EPA/460/ A-90/12
See also PB89-117873. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 23 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB9O-213950.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
control, Trucks, "Light duty vehicles, "Certification,
"Exhaust emission control devices, "Evaporative
emission control devices, Compliance, Motor vehi-
cles(1990 models), Ford Motor Corporation.
PB90-214081/HSU	PC A98/MF E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1990 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - General Motors.
General Motors Proving Ground, Milford, Ml.
1990, 2668p EPA/460/A-90/13
See also PB89-117907. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available In set of 23 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-213950.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "internal combustion engines, Air pollution
control, "Light duty vehicles, "Certification, "Exhaust
emission control devices, "Evaporative emission con-
trol devices, Compliance, Motor vehicles(1990
models), General Motors.
PB90-214099/HSU	PC A1S/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Application for Certification 1990 Model Year
Light-Duty Truck - Isuzu.
Isuzu Motors America, Inc., Southfield, Mi.
1990,333p EPA/460/A-90/14
See also PB88-198239. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 23 reports PC E99/.MF E99
PB90-213950.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
control. Trucks, "Light duty vehicles, 'Certification,
"Exhaust emission control devices, "Evaporative
emission control devices, Compliance, Motor vehi-
cles(1990 models), Isuzu.
PB90-214107/HSU	PC A1S/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1990 Model Yaar
Light-Duty Vehicles - Isuzu.
Isuzu Motors America, Inc., Southfield, Ml.
1990,335p EPA/460/A-90/15
See also PB88-198239. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 23 reports PC E99/MF ESS
PB90-213950.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cart,
llghMuty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification, in the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
neering data Include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
control, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Certification, 'Exhaust
emission control devices, 'Evaporative emission con-
trol devices. Compliance, Motor vehicles(1990
models), Isuzu.
PB90-214115/HSU	PC A99/MF A04
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application lor Certification 1990 Model Year
light-Duty Truck - Mazda Motor Corporation.
Mazda Motor Corp., Hiroshima (Japan).
1090,652p EPA/460/A-90/16
See also PB89-117964. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 23 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-213950.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
control, Trucks, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Certification,
'Exhaust emission control devices, "Evaporative
emission control devices, Compliance, Motor vehi-
cles^ 990 models), Mazda Motor Corporation.
PB90-214123/HSU	PC A99/MF A04
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1990 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicle* • Mazda Motor Corporation.
Mazda Motor Corp., Hiroshima (Japan).
1990,693p EPA/460/A-90/17
See also PB89-117964. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 23 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-213950.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
control, 'Light duty vehicles, "Certification, "Exhaust
emission control devices, "Evaporative emission con-
trol devices, Compliance, Motor vehicles(1990
models), Mazda Motor Corporation.
PB90-214131/HSU	PC A23/MF AOS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1990 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Mercedes Benz of North
America.
Mercedes-Benz of North America, Inc., Montvale, NJ.
1990,541 p EPA/460/A-90/18
See also PB89-117923. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 23 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-213950.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, Ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines. Air pollution
control, 'Light duty vehicles, 'Certification, 'Exhaust
emission control devices, "Evaporative emission con-
trol devices, Compliance, Motor vehicles(1990
models), Mercedes Benz of North America.
PB90-214149/HSU	PC A23/MF AOS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1990 Model Year
Light-Duty Gasoline Fueled Vehicle* and Trucks -
Mitsubishi Motor Corp.
Mitsubishi Motors Corp., Tokyo (Japan).
1990,545p EPA/460/W>0/19
See also PB89-117865. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 23 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-213950.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
control, Trucks, "Light duty vehicles, "Certification,
"Exhaust emission control devices, "Evaporative
emission control devices, Compliance, Motor vehi-
cles(1990 models), Mitsubishi, Motor Corporation.
PB90-2141S6/HSU	PC A99/MF A04
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1990 Model Year
Light-Duty VehlclM - U.S. Technical Research
Company (Peugeot).
U.S. Technical Research Co. (Peugeot), Lyndhurst,
NJ.
1990,613p EPA/460/A-90/20
See also PB89-117899. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 23 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-213950.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data Include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
control, "Light duty vehicles, "Certification, "Exhaust
emission control devices, "Evaporative emission con-
trol devices, Compliance, Motor vehicles(1990
models), US Technical Research Corporation, Peu-
geot.
PB90-214164/HSU	PC A99/MF A04
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1990 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicle* and Trucks - Toyota Techni-
cal.
Toyota Technical Center, U.S.A., Inc., Ann Arbor, Ml.
1990, 749p EPA/460/A-90/21
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 23 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-213950.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
control, Trucks, "Light duty vehicles, "Certification,
"Exhaust emission control devices, "Evaporative
emission control devices, Compliance, Motor vehi-
cles(1990 models), Toyota.
PB90-214172/HSU	PC A99/MF E99
Application for Certification 1990 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehlclea - Volkswagen.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1990,2618p EPA/460/A-90/22
See also PB89-117915.
Also available in set of 23 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-213950.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
caldescription of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data indude explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
control, "Light duty vehicles, "Certification, "Exhaust
emission control devices, "Evaporative emission con-
trol devices, Compliance, Motor vehicles(1990
models), Volkswagen.
PB90-214180/HSU	PC A99/MF E18
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Application for Certification 1990 Model Year
Light-Duty Vehicles - Volvo.
Volvo of America Corp., Rockleigh. NJ.
1990,1628p EPA/460/A-90/23
See also PB89-117931. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 23 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-213950.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters, and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
control, "Light duty vehicles, 'Certification, 'Exhaust
emission control devices, 'Evaporative emission con-
trol devices, Compliance, Motor vehicles(1990
models), Volvo.
PB90-214198/HSU	PC E99/MF E99
Application for Certification 1990 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicles.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1990,2534p
Set includes PB90-214206 through PB90-214289.
No abstract available.
PB90-214206/HSU	PC A10/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Application for Certification 1990 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Engines - Chrysler.
Chrysler Com., Detroit, Ml.
1990,202p EPA/460/A-90/24
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.	0 '
PB90a2U?98 8et 0< 9 rep0r1s PC E99/MF E99,
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines one intends
to market during the upcoming model year. These en-
gineering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
control, 'Heavy duty engines, 'Certification, 'Exhaust
emission control devices, 'Evaporative emission con-
trol devices, Heavy duty engines(1990 models), Chrys-
ler.
PB90-214214/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1990 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Gas - Chrysler.
Chrysler Corp., Detroit, Ml.
1990,85p EPA/460/A-90/25
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.		
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-214198.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
control, "Heavy duty vehicles, 'Certification, 'Exhaust
emission control devices, "Evaporative emission con-
trol devices, Compliance, Heavy duty vehicles(1990
models), Chrysler.
PB90-214222/HSU	PC A11/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1990 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Gas Truck • Chrysler.
Chrysler Cora., Detroit, Ml.
1990, 235p EPA/460/A-90/26
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency.
Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-214198.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: "Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
control, Trucks, 'Heavy duty vehicles, 'Certification,
'Exhaust emission control devices, 'Evaporative
emission control devices, Compliance, Heavy duty ve-
hicles(1990 models), Chrysler.
PB90-214230/HSU	PC A25/MF A04
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1990 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines - Cummins Engine
Company.
Cummins Engine Co., Inc., Columbus, IN.
1990,586p EPA/460/A-90/27
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-214198.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines one intends
to market during the upcoming model year. These en-
gineering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, Ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
control, 'Heavy duty engines, 'Diesel engines, 'Certi-
fication, 'Exhaust emission control devices, 'Evapora-
tive emission control devices, Heavy duty en-
gines(1990 models), Cummins Engine Company.
PB90-214248/HSU	PC A13/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1990 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Gasoline Engines • Ford Motor Com-
Pord'Motor Co., Dearborn, Ml.
1990,278p EPA/460/A-90/28
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-214198.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
control, 'Heavy duty gasoline engines, 'Certification,
"Exhaust emission control devices, 'Evaporative
emission control devices, Heavy duty gasoline en-
glnes(1990 models), Ford Motor Company.
PB90-214255/HSU	PC A19/MF AOS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1990 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Trucks - Ford Motor Company.
Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Ml.
1990,443p EPA/460/A-90/29
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-214198.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
control, Trucks, 'Heavy duty vehicles, 'Heavy duty
trucks, 'Certification, 'Exhaust emission control de-
vices, 'Evaporative emission control devices, Heavy
duty trucks(1990 models), Ford Motor Company.
PB90-214263/HSU	PC A11/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1990 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Vehicles - Ford Motor Company.
Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, Ml.
1990,230p EPA/460/A-90/30
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-214198.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. The8e engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
control, 'Heavy duty vehicles, 'Certification, 'Exhaust
emission control devices, 'Evaporative emission con-
trol devices, Heavy duty vehicles(1990 models), Ford
Motor Company.
PB90-214271/HSU	PC A14/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1990 Modal Year
Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines • lauzu.
Isuzu Motors America, Inc., Southfield, Ml.
1990,314p EPA/460/A-90/31
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-214198.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data Include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. it also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used, and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity Is based.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
control, 'Heavy duty dlesel engines, 'Certification,
'Exhaust emission control devices, 'Evaporative
emission control devices, Heavy duty dlesel en-
gines(1990 models), Isuzu.
PB90-214289/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Application for Certification 1990 Model Year
Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines - Mitsubishi.
Mitsubishi Motors Corp., Tokyo (Japan).
1990,161 p EPA/460/A-90/32
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.
Also available in set of 9 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-214198.
Every year, each manufacturer of passenger cars,
light-duty trucks, motorcycles, or heavy-duty engines
submits to EPA an application for certification. In the
application, the manufacturer gives a detailed techni-
cal description of the vehicles or engines he intends to
market during the upcoming model year. These engi-
neering data include explanations and/or drawings
which describe engine/vehicle parameters such as
basic engine design, fuel systems, ignition systems
and exhaust and evaporative emission control sys-
tems. It also provides information on emission test pro-
cedures, service accumulation procedures, fuels to be
used and proposed maintenance requirements to be
followed during testing. Section 16 of the application
contains the results of emission testing, a statement of
compliance to the regulations, production engine pa-
rameters and a Summary Sheet Input Form on which
issuance of a Certificate of Conformity is based.
Keywords: 'Internal combustion engines, Air pollution
control, 'Heavy duty engines, 'Diesel engines, 'Certi-
fication, 'Exhaust emission control devices, 'Evapora-
tive emission control devices, Heavy duty en-
gines(1990 models), Mitsubishi.
PB90-214354/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Emergency Response Actions: A Sum-
mary of Federally Funded Removals. Volume 3.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Jun 89,125p* EPA/540/8-89/005
See also PB90-197310.
Volume III summarizes short-term removal activities
completed during the eighth year of the Superfund pro-
gram. The document is presented as a series of matri-
ces that are organized numerically by Region and al-
phabetically by State and site name within each
Region. It contains the same types of information in-
cluded in Volume I and II. EPA intends to continue pro-
viding the information in future updates. Inquiries re-
garding information contained in the document should
be referred to the appropriate EPA Regional office. A
list of EPA contacts and a map delineating the States
within each Region are provided in the report. In addi-
tion, the document includes a listing of sites found in
Volumes I and II. These sites are listed alphabetically
by State within their respective Regions. In the back of
the report, there is also an alphabetical index of all
sites in Volumes I, II, and III.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Site surveys,
'Waste disposal, State government, Tables(Data), En-
vironmental surveys, 'Superfund program, 'Remedial
action, 'Emergency plans, 'Cleanup operations,
'Land pollution control, 'Waste management, Public
information, Environmental transport, Regional analy-
sis, EPA regions.
PB90-214388/HSU	PC A11/MF A02
Resource Conservation Recovery Act Notification
Data File (RCRA) Documentation.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Mar 90,236p EPA/DF/MT-90/037A
For system on magnetic tape, see PB90-591300.
The document contains data compiled for the Re-
source Conservation Recovery Act. Notification of
Hazardous Waste Activity, EPA Form 8700-12 was
used to collect the data. The file was updated with in-
formation compiled from the application for a Hazard-
ous Waste Permit, EPA Form 3510-3. The data in-
cludes names and addressed of the facility owner and
operator, as well as the facility contact name and
number. The data indicates whether a facility is a gen-
erator, treatment/storer/disposer, and/or transporter
of hazardous waste. There is also a listing of code
numbers of waste handled taken from 40CFR, Part
261.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Waste treatment,
Documentation, 'Solid waste disposal, Waste proc-
essing, Solid waste management.
PB90-214958/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Thallium
(Revised). Draft rept. (Final).
Dynamac Corp., Rockville, MD.
A. Protzel, M. Cerny, D. T. England, N. McCarrol, and
M, Narotsky. Apr 90,107p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Criteria and Standards Div.
Contents: Physical and chemical properties; Toxico-
kinetics; Human exposure; Health effects in animals;
Health effects in humans; Mechanisms of toxicity;
Quantification of toxicological effects; References.
Keywords: 'Thallium, 'Toxicity, 'Water pollution,
Drinking water, Exposure, Humans, Adsorption, Me-
tabolism, Chemical properties, Reproduction(Biology),
Carcinogens, Mutations, Dosage, Mortality, Nervous
system, Cytology, 'Water quality criteria, 'Heavy
metals, Water pollution effects(Humans), Water pollu-
tion effects(Animals).
PB90-214966/H8U	PC A14/MF A02
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Polycycllc
Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). Draft rept. (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
R. Schoeny, and E. O'Flaherty. Sep 88,311 p ECAO-
CIN-D010
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Cincinnati Univ. Medical
Center, OH.
Contents: Physical and chemical properties; Toxico-
kinetics; Human exposure; Health effects in animals;
Health effects in humans; Mechanisms of toxicity;
Quantification of toxicological effects.
Keywords: 'Public health, 'Aromatic polycyclic hydro-
caroons, 'Potable water, 'Water pollution. Regula-
tions, Toxicity, Chemical properties,
Concentration(Composition), Anthracene, Benzanth-
racenes, Production, Exposure, Humans, Laboratory
animals, Metabolism, Genetics, Carcinogens, Cardio-
vascular diseases, Tissue(Biology), Drinking water.
PB90-214974/HSU	PC A14/MF A02
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Phthalic
Add Esters (PAEs). Final draft.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Aug 88, 315p ECAO-CIN-D009
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are primarily used as plas-
ticizers in polyvinyl chloride resins. These compounds
are environmentally ubiquitous due to their widespread
use and ease of extraction. PAEs have been detected
in soil, water, air, and food indicating widespread po-
tential for human exposure. Their presence has also
been detected in human tissues. PAEs are rapidly ab-
sorbed from the intestine, skin, peritoneum, blood, and
lungs. Gastrolnestinal absorption is the most common
route of entry. Acute animal toxicity of PAEs is low and
generally tends to be inversely related to the molecular
weight of the compound. Subchronic and chronic tox-
icity includes decreased body weight and increased
liver and kidney weights. Target organs of PAEs In-
clude the testes and the liver, Although these effects
have not been observed with all PAEs. Reproductive
effects have been reported following exposure to
PAEs during mating and gestation. DEHP has been
shown to decrease fertility and reproductive perform-
ance in mice.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Toxicology, 'Phthalic
acids, 'Esters, TableslData), Enzyme induction,
Reproduction(Biology), Bioassay, Pathology, Body
weight, Metabolism, Proteins, Lipids, Hydrolysis,
'Water pollution effects(Humans), 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Carcinogenicity tests, Pharmacokin-
etics, Mutagenicity tests, Dose-response relationships.
PB90-214982/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Oxamyl
(Vydate) (Trade Name). Draft rept. (Final).
Dynamac Corp., Rockville, MD.
P. Turck, M. Cerny, D. T. England, and K. Swetlow.
May 90,79p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Criteria and Standards Div.
Oxamyl is stable in the solid form and relatively stable
in aqueous solutions at acidic pH. At alkaline pH, how-
ever, oxamyl is rapidly hydrolyzed to an oximino com-
pound. Exposure to light, particularly at low concentra-
tions, results in rapid and extensive decomposition of
oxamyl. Decomposition in soils under both aerobic and
anaerobic conditions is also rapid and extensive. Field
studies indicate that the mobility of oxamyl in soil is lim-
ited. Vydate is widely used for control of insects, mites,
and nematodes on field crops, fruits, and ornamentals.
Oxamyl is rapidly absorbed, metabolized, and eliminat-
ed by rodents. Rats eliminated greater than 50% of an
oral dose of oxamyl in the urine within 3 days of admin-
istration. Oxamyl is also toxic following long-term oral
exposure.
Keywords: "Public health, 'Organic compounds,
'Water pollution, 'Insecticides, Chemical properties,
Soil contamination, Toxicity, Adsorption, Rodents, Me-
tabolism, Nematocides, Exposure, Mutagens, Carcino-
Sens, Skin(Anatomy), Laboratory animals, Mortality,
'osage, Tables(Data), Humans, 'Oxamyl, Drinking
water, Bioaccumulation.
PB9O-214M0/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Hexachloro-
cydopentadlene. Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
cAug 88,114p ECAO-CIN-D007
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (HEX) is an unsaturated,
highly reactive, chlorinated cyclic hydrocarbon of low
water solubility. HEX is a chemical intermediate used
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
in the manufacture of chlorinated pesticides and flame
retardants with no end uses of its own. The major
source of environmental contamination by HEX is the
aqueous discharge from production facilities, with
small concentrations present as contaminants in com-
mercial products made from it. HEX is not readily ab-
sorbed by epithelial tissues because it is highly reac-
tive, especially with the contents of the Gl tract. HEX is
moderately toxic when given orally, but has been esti-
mated to be 100 times more toxic when inhaled. The
data base for the long-term toxicity of HEX is very limit-
ed. A chronic inhalation bioassay is being conducted
by the NTP and may provide data regarding any carci-
nogenic potential of HEX.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Toxicology, Tables(Data),
Exposure, Hydrolysis, Biodeterioration, Gas chroma-
tography, Water consumption, Body weight, "Hexach-
lorocyclopentadiene,	"Water	pollution
effects(Humans), 'Water pollution effects(Animals),
Pharmacokinetics, Mutagenicity tests, Carcinogenicity
tests, Teratogens, Data bases.
PB90-215005/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Endothall.
Draft rept. (Final).
Dynamac Corp., Rockville, MD.
A. Protzel, N. McCarrol, M. Narotsky, and K. Swetlow.
May 90,76p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Criteria and Standards Div.
Contents: Physical and chemical properties; Toxico-
kinetics; Human exposure; Health effects in animals;
Health effects in humans; Mechanisms of toxicity;
Quantification of toxicological effects; Quantification of
noncarcinogenic effects for endothall; Quantification
of carcinogenic effects for endothall.
Keywords: 'Public health, 'Organic acids, 'Water pol-
lution. Aerosols, Toxicity, Laboratory animals, Metabo-
lism, Adsorption, Liver neoplasms, Kidneys, Exposure,
Carcinogens, Dosage, Humans, Inhalation, Mortality,
Reproduction(Biology), 'Endothall, 'Drinking water,
Path of pollutants. Risk assessments.
EPS?*.15?21"180	PC A04/MF A01
Methods tor the Determination of Inorganic Com-
P°""d» In Drinking Water. Methods 300.0 and
200.8.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
S. E. Long, and T. D. Martin. Sep 89,58p
See also PB90-215039.
Contents: EPA method 200.8 Determination of Trace
Elements in Water and Waste by Inductively Coupled
Plasma/Mass Spectrometry; EPA method 300.0 De-
termination of Inorganic Anions by Ion Chromatogra-
phy.
Keywords: 'Manuals, 'Chemical analysis, "Solid
wastes, 'Potable water, 'Inorganic compounds, Ex-
perimental design, Surface waters, Ground water,
Water analysis, Mass spectroscopy, Anions, Trace
elements, Laboratory equipment, Sample preparation,
Quality control, Calibrating, 'Water pollution detection,
ion chromatography, EPA method 200, EPA method
300.
PB90-215039/HSU	PC A10/MF A02
Method* for the Determination ot Organic Com-
pounds In Drinking Water. Volume 2.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Jul 90.225p
See also PB90-215021.
Nine analytical methods covering 54 organic contami-
nants which may be present in drinking water or drink-
ing water sources are described in detail. Seven of
these methods cover compounds designated for regu-
lation under the Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments
of 1986. Regulations for the group are in the proposal
staaes with promulgation scheduled for June 1992.
The other two methods are for chlorination disinfection
byproducts and may be regulated as part of EPA s dis-
infectants and disinfectant byproducts rule scheduled
for proposal early in 1992. Most of the analytes may be
classified as non-volatile and three of the
entail separations by high performance liquid chroma-
tography. The remainder employ capillary column gas
chromatography. One of these requires detection of a
potentially very toxic contaminant, 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-
dibenzo-p-dioxin, at the low parts per trillion level. La-
beled isotopes of the analyte are employed as tracers
and mass spectrometry is required for detection and
unambiguous identification, three of the methods
herein offer new and simplified liquid-solid extraction
procedures, a trend which is likely to become even
more pronounced in the future.
Keywords'. 'Chemical analysis, 'Organic compounds,
'Potable water, 'Manuals, Water quality, Sources,
Water supply, Disinfectants, Byproducts, Pesticides,
Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Gas chromatogra-
phy, Mass spectroscopy, Isotopic labeling, Extraction,
"Water pollution detection, EPA method 550, EPA
method 506, EPA method 551, High performance
liquid chromatography, Tracer techniques, EPA
method 552, EPA method 549, Water pollution stand-
ards, EPA method 548, EPA method 547, EPA method
513, Safe Drinking Water Act.
PB90-215054/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Drinking Water Quantification of Toxicologic Ef-
fects for Nickel. Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Feb 90, 79p ECAO-CIN-443
The document provides the health effects basis to be
considered in establishing the MCLG. To achieve this
objective, data on toxicokinetics, and acute, subch-
ronic and chronic toxicity to animals and humans are
evaluated. Specific emphasis is placed on data pub-
lished in peer-reviewed literature providing dose-re-
sponse information. Thus, while the literature search
and evaluation performed in the development of the
document have been comprehensive, only the reports
considered most pertinent in the derivation of the
MCLG are cited in the document. The comprehensive
literature data base in support of the document in-
cludes information published up to 1989; however,
more recent data may have been added during the
review process.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Toxicology, "Nickel,
Tables(Data), Exposure, Lethal dosage, Body weight,
Water consumption, 'Water pollution
effects(Humans), "Water pollution effects(Animals),
Carcinogenicity tests, Pharmacokinetics, Dose-re-
sponse relationships, Teratogens.
PB90-215062/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Economic Impact Analysis of Proposed National
Primary Drinking Water Standards for 24 Inorgan-
ic and Synthetic Organic Contaminants. Final (Re-
vised).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Apr 90,68p
The purpose of an RIA (Regulatory Impact Analysis) is
to extensively analyze the costs and benefits of alter-
native regulatory strategies to the proposed rule. Of
particular concern is that proper attention is given to
small entities and opportunities to reduce economic
impacts are fully examined. If, however, a rule is con-
sidered to be non-major, an analysis which documents
the non-major nature of the rule, with regard to the
three criteria above, is sufficient. The purpose of the
economic impact analysis is to demonstrate that the
proposed regulatory requirements constitute a non-
major rule. In that the MCL (Maximum Contaminant
Levels) decision for sulfate could be significantly as-
sisted by an in depth analysis of the alternatives, pres-
entation of the estimated sulfate impacts is a second
pur|x>se of the report.
Keywords: "Inorganic compounds, "Water treatment,
Organic compounds, Potable water, Cost analysis, Na-
tional government, Benefit cost analysis, Sulfates,
Substitutes, "Economic impact, "National Primary
Drinking Water Regulations, "Synthetic materials,
'Water pollution standards, Maximum permissible ex-
posure, Standards compliance, Water pollution sam-
pling, Pollution regulations, Best technology.
PB90-2150M/HSU	PC A10/MF A02
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Endrln. Draft
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
M. B. Cook. Sep 88, 220p ECAO-CIN-423
See also PB86-117967.
Endrin is an organochlorine alicyclic pesticide first in-
troduced into the United States in 1951. Endrin has oc-
casionally been found in drinking water and in food;
measurable levels of endrin have not been detected in
adipose tissue or the blood of the general population.
Endrin is absorbed through the skin, by the lungs and
by the put, but no quantitative rates are known. Ani-
mals, birds and humans who have been exposed to
large amounts of endrin have shown residues. In all
warm-blooded species studied thus far, endrin is
quickly metabolized and its metabolites quickly elimi-
nated. Endrin deposition in tissues, especially fat, does
occur at high doses in experimental animals and in
birds. Residues have been detected in liver, brain, kid-
neys and fat. Endrin has a weighted average biocon-
centration factor (BCF) of 3970 for the edible portion of
all freshwater and estuarine fish and shellfish con-
sumed by United States residents.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Toxicology, "Water qual-
ity, Exposure, Metabolism, Laboratory animals,
Reproduction(Biology), Lethal dosage, "Endrin, Phar-
macokinetics, Mutagenicity tests, Water pollution
effects(Humans), Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB90-215112/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Characterization of Municipal Solid Waste in the
United States: 1990 Update.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
P. Kaldjian. Jun 90,130p EPA/530/SW-90/042
See also PB88-232780.
The report is the most recent in a series of reports re-
leased by the EPA to characterize Municipal Solid
Waste (MSW) in the United States. It characterizes the
national waste stream based on data through 1988
and includes: information on MSW generation from
1960 to 1988; recovery for recycling, composting, and
combustion from 1960 to 1988; characterizing MSW
by volume as well as by weight; projections for MSW
generation to the year 2010; projections for MSW com-
ustion through 2000; and projections (presented as a
range) for recovery and recycling through 1995.
Keywords: "Solid waste disposal, 'Municipalities,
'United States, Identifying, Management, Reduction,
Earth fills, Combustion, Incinerators, Recycled materi-
als, Metals, Plastics, Paper, Volume, Composting, Re-
covery, Forecasting, Government policies, Recycling
Waste generation.
PB90-215120/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
CERCLIS Tape Documentation.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
1990,76p EPA/DF/MT-90/040A
For system on magnetic tape, see PB9O-591310.
The report is the documentation for the file on poten-
tially hazardous waste sites that have been reported to
the Environmental Protection Agency by States, Mu-
nicipalities, Private companies or private persons, pur-
suant to Section 103 of the Comprehensive Environ-
mental Response, Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA) of 1980, as amended.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal
'Sites, Latitude, Longitude, Documentation, Environ^
mental Protection Agency, Comprehensive Environ-
mental Response Compensation and Liability Act.
PB90-215203/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Fugitive Dust Model (FDM) User's Qulde (Re-
vised). Volume 1. User's Instructions. Final rept.
TRC Environmental Consultants, Inc., Mountlake Ter-
race, WA.
K. D. Wlnges. May 90,172p EPA/SW/DK-90/041A
EPA/910/9-08/202R
Contract EPA-68-02-4399/23
For system on diskette, see PB90-502410. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA
Region X.
This document provides a technical description and
user's instructions for the Fugitive Dust Model (FDM)
FDM is a computerized Gaussian-plume air quality dial
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
persion model, specifically designed for estimation of
concentrations and deposition impacts from fugitive
dust sources. The sources may be point, line, or area
sources. FDM employs an advanced gradient-transfer
particle deposition algorithm. Gravitational settling ve-
locity and deposition velocity are calculated by FDM
for each of up to 20 user-specified particle size class-
es. Descriptions of three performance evaluations of
FDM and the EPA Industrial Source Complex model
are included in an appendix. Also included with the
manual is a floppy diskette containing FORTRAN
source codes, PC executable codes, and test data
sets.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Dust, Plumes, Particle size,
Concentration(Composition), Dispersions, Mathemati-
cal models. Documentation, * Air quality, Fugitive emis-
sions, Point sources, Nonpoint sources, Diffusion mod-
eling, User manuals(Computer programs).
PB90-215294/HSU	PC A16/MF A02
Drinking Water Criteria Document (or 2,3,7,8-Te-
trachlorodlbenzo-p-Dloxln. Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Apr 80, 363d ECAO-CIN-405
See also PB86-117983.
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) is
one of the most toxic and environmentally stable tricy-
clic aromatic compounds belonging to chlorinated di-
benzo-p-dioxins. 2,3,7,8-TCDD has been demonstrat-
ed to be teratogenic in rats, mice and rabbits, and feti-
cidal in monkeys. The major toxic signs and terata ob-
served were cleft palate in mice, edema, hemorrhage,
and kidney anomalies in rats and extra ribs in rabbits.
Some epidemiological studies have indicated a possi-
ble teratogenic effect in humans, but the evidence is
not sufficient to reach a firm conclusion.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Toxicology, "Water qual-
ity, Mutagens, Carcinogens, Reproductk>n(Biolqgy),
Lethal dosage, Exposure, Laboratory animals, Liver,
Metabolism, Vitamin A group, 'Tetrachlorodlbenzo-
dioxin, Pharmacokinetics, Water pollution
effects(Humans), Water pollution effects(Animals),
Health hazards, Carcinogenicity tests, Path of pollut-
ants, Mutagenicity tests, Structure-activity relationship,
Lipid peroxidation.
PB90-215302/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Drinking Water Criteria Document lor Di(2-Ethyl-
hexyl) Adlpate. Draft rept.
Dynamac Corp., Rockville, MD.
May 90,84p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate (DEHA) is a light-colored, oily
liquid. It has low solubility in water (0.78 mg/L) and low
vapor pressure (0.01 mmHg at 20 deg C). Dl(2-
ethylhexyl)adipate and other esters of adipic acid (AA)
are widely used as plasticizers in a variety of common
products including synthetic rubber, food packaging
materials, and cosmetics. The acute oral toxicity of
DEHA is low. The LDS0 estimates In rats and mice
range from 9 to 45 g/kg. No data were found in the
available literature on the toxic effects of DEHA in
humans. The mechanism of DEHA toxicity is not
known. Di(2-ethylhexyl)adlpate belongs to a diverse
group of chemicals that induce the proliferation of he-
patic peroxisomes and are associated with hepatic
cancer in female mice. It has been suggested that per-
oxisome proliferation leads to the production of excess
amounts of reactive oxygen species that could
damage critical macromolecules, such as DNA.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Toxicology, 'Water qual-
ity, Mutagens, Carcinogens, Reproductlon(Biology),
Lethal dosage, Exposure, Laboratory animals, Hydrol-
ysis , *Adipates/di(2-ethylhexyl), Pharmacokinetics,
Water pollution effects(Humans), Water pollution
effects(Animals), Health hazards, Carcinogenicity
tests, Path of pollutants, Mutagenicity tests, Microbo-
dles, Drug antagonism, Drug synergism, Structure-ac-
tivity relationship.
PBM-215310/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Sulfate.
Draft rept. (Final).
Dynamac Corp., Rockville, MD.
May 90,55p
See also PB86-118296. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Drinking
Water.
Sulfate is a common divalent anion found in a number
of minerals in the environment. Sulfate salts of sodium
ion, potassium ion, or magnesium ion are soluble in
water, whereas salts of calcium ion, barium ion and
other heavy metals are poorly soluble or insoluble.
Humans are exposed to sulfate in drinking water, ambi-
ent air, and food. Drinking water is the predominant
source of sulfate exposure. The levels of sulfate in
drinking water range from 0 to 1,100 mg/L. Concentra-
tions of sulfate in ambient air range from 0.5 to 228.4
micro grams/cu m. The U.S. Army has established a
standard for military personnel of 100 or 300 mg sul-
fate/L based upon anticipated water consumption by
military personnel of either 15 liters per day (in arid cli-
mates) or 5 liters per day (under less strenuous condi-
tions), respectively. The World Health Organization
has suggested an upper limit of 400 mg sulfate/L in
drinking water.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Toxicology, 'Water qual-
ity, 'Sulfates, Food contamination, Mutagens,
Reproduction(Biology), Lethal dosage, Exposure, Lab-
oratory animals, Dehydration, Cathartics, Carcinogens,
Pharmacokinetics, Water pollution effects(Humans),
Water pollution effects(Animals), Health hazards, Car-
cinogenicity tests, Path of pollutants, Mutagenicity
tests.
PB90-215328/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Drinking Water Criteria Document for 1,1,2-Trlch-
loroethane. Draft rept. (Final).
Dynamac Corp., Rockville, MD.
Apr 90,107p
See also PB86-118130. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Drinking
Water.
The compound, 1,1,2-trichloroethane (1,1,2-TCE), is a
colorless, nonflammable liquid with a sweet, pleasant
odor. It is relatively insoluble in water; miscible with al-
cohol, ether, and other organic liquids; and soluble in
chloroform. In a study on the metabolic disposition of
(1,2-l4C)1,1,2-TCE in rodents, most of an oral dose of
the compound (300 and 70 mg/kg in mice and rats, re-
spectively) was absorbed within 48 hours after admin-
istration. Acute oral LD50 values for 1,1,2-TCE of 378
and 491 mg/kg were obtained for mice, and LD50
values of 100,200,580, and 835 ma/kg were reported
for rats. The oral LDLO for 1,1,2-TCE in dogs was 720
mg/kg. Side effects accompanying acute oral expo-
sure to the compound Included gastric irritation, red or
hemorrhaged lungs, and pale liver. 1,1,2-TCE-induced
toxicity appears to occur via bioactivation and via co-
valent binding to DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids. Pre-
treatment with known MFO inducers, such as pheno-
barbital, acetone, and polybrominated biphenyls
(PBB), causes a significant increase in tissue and cel-
lular damage.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Toxicology, 'Water qual-
ity, Mutagens, Carcinogens, Reproduction(Biology),
Lethal dosage, Exposure, Laboratory animals, Deoxyr-
ibonucleic acids, Skin(Anatomy), Eye(Anatomy), Free
radicals, Liver neoplasms, 'Ethylene/trichloro, Phar-
macokinetics, Water pollution effects(Humans), Water
pollution effects (Animals), Health hazards, Carcino-
genicity tests. Chromosome aberrations, Dose-re-
sponse relationships, Path of pollutants, Mutagenicity
tests.
PB90-215338/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Trichloro-
benzenes. Draft rept. (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Aug 88,94p ECAO-CIN-D012
The trichlorobenzenes are a group of three chemical
isomers in which three chlorine substituents have
been added to a benzene ring. The trichlorobenzenes
appear to enter the systemic circulation readily by in-
halation, ingestion and dermal absorption; however,
data were not available to quantitate the rates of these
processes nor of any of the pharmacokinetic process-
es. The effects in mammals of acute exposure by vari-
ous routes to trichlorobenzenes include local irritation,
convulsions and death. Livers, kidneys, adrenals,
mucous membranes and brain ganglion cells appear to
be target organs with effects including edema, necro-
sis, fatty infiltration of livers, increased organ weights,
porphyrin induction and microsomal enzyme induction.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Toxicology, 'Water qual-
ity, Mutagens, Carcinogens, Reproduction(Biology),
Lethal dosage, Exposure, Laboratoiy animals, Liver,
Kidney, Adrenal gland, Pathology, 'Benzenes/trich-
ioro, Pharmacokinetics, Water pollution
effects(Humans), Water pollution effects(Animals),
Health hazards, Carcinogenicity tests, Path of pollut-
ants, Mutagenicity tests, Neuroglia, Enzyme induction.
Organ weight.
PB90-215344/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Slmazlne.
Draft rept. (Final).
Dynamac Corp., Rockville, MD.
May 90,85p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
Simazine is the common name for 2-chloro-4,6-
bis(ethylamino)-1,3,5 triazine. The acute oral LD50 es-
timates are 5,000 mg/kg or higher in rats, mice, rab-
bits, and birds, but a dose of 500 mg/kg has been re-
ported to be lethal in sheep. Pharmacotoxic signs in
sheep included incoordination, tremors, weakness, cy-
anosis, and clonic convulsions. A dose of 4,200 mg/kg
caused anorexia, weight loss, and some lethality in
rats. In a three-generation reproduction study with
Charles River rats fed simazine 80W in the diet at 50 or
100 ppm, a parental toxicity NOAEL of less than 50
ppm and a LOAEL of 50 ppm were identified based on
reduced weight gains in males during the premating
periods. In a teratology study with rats, simazine ad-
ministered at high doses (1,250 and 2,500 mg/kg/day)
during gestation days 6 through 15 delayed fetal devel-
opment and was embryotoxic but not teratogenic.
Most tests of mutagenic potential for simazine have
been negative.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Toxicology, 'Water qual-
ity, 'Herbicides, Mutagens, Carcinogens,
Reproduction(Biology), Lethal dosage, Exposure, Lab-
oratory animals, 'Simazine, Pharmacokinetics, Water
pollution effects(Humans), Water pollution
effects(Animals), Health hazards, Carcinogenicity
tests, Path of pollutants, Mutagenicity tests, Chromo-
some aberrations.
PB90-215351/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Plcloram.
Draft rept. (Final).
Dynamac Corp., Rockville, MD.
Apr 90,64p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
Plcloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trlchioropicolinic acid) is a
widely used herbicide available in a number of formula-
tions under the trade name Tordon. Almost no infor-
mation was found in the available literature regarding
the effects of picloram on humans. Picloram is poorly
absorbed through human akin, and dermal application
does not produce sensitization. The mechanism of pi-
cloram toxicity in animals has not been investigated.
Its herbicidal effectiveness is a consequence of Its
auxin-like activity, which causes abnormal plant growth
and development. In animals, no clear synergistic
interactions of picloram with other chemicals nave
been observed.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Toxicology, 'Water qual-
ity, 'Herbicides, Mutagens, Carcinogens,
Reproduction(Bioiogy), Lethal dosage, Exposure, Lab-
oratory animals, Liver neoplasms, 'Picloram, Water
pollution effects(Plants), Pharmacokinetics, Water pol-
lution effects(Humans), Water pollution
effects(Animal8), Health hazards, Carcinogenicity
tests, Path of pollutants, Mutagenicity tests, Chromo-
some aberrations.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-21S369/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Qlyphoaate.
Draft rept. (Final).
Dynamac Corp., Rockville, MD.
Apr 90,57p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
Glyphosate is the common name for N-
(phosphonomethyl)glycine. No published reports were
found on the toxicokinetics of glyphosate. Other avail-
able data, although inadequate, indicated that glypho-
sate is rapidly absorbed by test animals, and that over
90% is excreted within 48 hours. Very few data on the
health effects of glyphosate in mammals were found in
the open literature, and most information on the toxici-
ty of this compound has been provided by the Monsan-
to Company. Oral LD50 values have been reported in
two different studies to be 4,873 and 5,600 mg/kg in
rats. The oral LD50 has been reported to be 1,568 mg /
kg in mice. The dermal LD50 in rabbits was estimated
to be more than 5,000 mg/kg. Hyperemia of the lungs
has been reported to be tne most prominent effect fol-
lowing glyphosate poisoning, with severe stress, ac-
celerated breathing, elevated temperature, occasional
convulsive movements, and rigor preceding death.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Toxicology, 'Water qual-
ity, 'Herbicides, Mutagens, Carcinogens,
Reproduction(Biology), Lethal dosage, Exposure, Lab-
oratory animals, Mitochondria, 'Glyphosate, Pharma-
cokinetics, Water pollution effects(Humans), Water
pollution effects(Animals), Health hazards, Carcino-
genicity tests, Path of pollutants, Mutagenicity tests.
PB90-215377/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Dlquat. Draft
rept. (Final).
Dynamac Corp., Rockville, MO.
Apr 90,95p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
Diquat is a dipyridylium herbicide that has been used
extensively to control terrestrial and aquatic weeds.
Diquat has moderate acute oral toxicity in mammals.
Oral LD50 values for various species were between
>26 (for dog) and 430 mg diquat (for rat) ion/kg bw.
The most notable effects of oral doses were an in-
crease in gastrointestinal water content and hemocon-
centration. Diquat has a profound effect on body water
distribution; dehydration may play a key role in mortali-
ty. The mutagenic potential of diquat was studied in a
number of bacterial and eukaryotic systems. The re-
sults reported in the literature are contradictory. No an-
tifertility or teratogenic effects were observed in mice,
rats, or rabbits after oral diquat administration. Howev-
er, teratogenic effects were observed when diquat was
administered to rats and mice via intraperitoneal (ip) or
intravenous (iv) injections.
Keywords'. 'Potable water, 'Toxicology, 'Water qual-
ity, 'Herbicides, Mutagens, Carcinogens,
Reproduction(Biology), Lethal dosage, Exposure, Lab-
oratory animals, Free radicals, 'Diquat, Pharmacokin-
etics, Water pollution effects(Humans), Water pollution
effects(Animals), Health hazards, Carcinogenicity
tests, Chromosome aberrations, Lipid peroxidation,
Path of pollutants, Mutagenicity tests.
PB90-215385/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Drinking Water.
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Dinoseb
Draft rept. (Final).
Dynamac Corp., Rockville, MD.
Apr 90,99p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC, Office of Drinking Water.
Dinoseb, 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (DNBP), is
poorly soluble in water (0.52 g/L) but is readily soluble
in alcohol and other organic solvents. DNBP is often
used in salt form as both a pre- and postemergence
herbicide for a wide variety of crops. Dinoseb has been
found to be teratogenic in several species including
rabbits, rats, and mice following oral, dermal, intraperi-
toneal, and subcutaneous administration to pregnant
animals. The teratogenic effects noted in mice follow-
ing intraperitoneal administration of dinoseb are dimin-
1570 Vol. 90, No. 24
ished by its metabolism. Compounds that stimulate
drug metabolism (such as phenobarbital) have been
shown to decrease dinoseb toxicity. Conversely, inhibi-
tors of drug metabolism (such as SKF-525A) poten-
tiate dinoseb-induced teratogenicity. No calculation of
excess cancer risk has been made, since only equivo-
cal long-term effects of dinoseb carcinogenicity have
been reported.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Toxicology, 'Water qual-
ity, 'Herbicides, Mutagens, Carcinogens,
Reproduction(Biology), Lethal dosage, Exposure, Lab-
oratory animals, Mutations, 'Dinoseb, Pharmacokine-
tics, Water pollution effects(Humans), Water pollution
effects)Animals), Health hazards, Carcinogenicity
tests, Path of pollutants, Mutagenicity tests, Oxidative
phosphorylation.
PB90-215419/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
National Radon Contractor Proficiency (RCP) Pro-
gram. Proficiency Report.
ICF, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
Jul 90,181p EPA/520/1-90/017
Contract EPA-68-D90170
See also PB90-187949. Sponsored by Office of Radi-
ation Programs, Washington, DC.
The report will assist State, EPA Regions, and local
government officials in providing advice to the public
on the selection of proficient radon mitigation contrac-
tors. The Proficiency Report is a listing ot 895 contrac-
tors who have met the requirements of EPA's National
Radon Contractor Proficiency (RCP) Program as of
May 19,1990. Each contractor is listed by name, RCP
identification number, company name, address, phone
number, and geographic sen/ice area.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Contractors, 'Air pollution con-
trol, Requirements, Personnel development, Identify-
ing, States(United States), Performance evaluation,
•Radon Contractor Proficiency Program, Listings,
'Indoor air pollution.
PB90-215427/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Daiapon.
Draft rept. (Final).
Dynamac Corp., Rockville, MD.
Apr 90, 70p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
Daiapon is a herbicide used to control grasses in a
wide variety of crops and in a number of noncrop appli-
cations, such as along drainage ditches and railroads
and in industrial areas. Acute toxicity data indicate that
daiapon has a low order of toxicity in mammals, with a
range of LD50 values of 4 to 9 g/kg. The dry powder or
a concentrated solution can be irritating to the eyes or
skin if not removed by washing. Short-term multiple
dose studies suggest that the toxicity of the compound
is not cumulative. There were also increased inci-
dences of benign lung adenomas and cystadenomas
of the harderian gland in male mice fed daiapon for 2
years. In a three-generation reproduction study in rats,
no reproductive effects were found in rats adminis-
tered daiapon in the diet at levels up to 3,000 ppm (150
mg/kg/day). In a rabbit teratogenicity study, de-
creased body weights were noted in pups from dams
receiving oral doses of 300 mg/kg/day.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Toxicology, 'Water qual-
ity, 'Herbicides, Mutagens, Carcinogens,
Reproduction(Blology), Lethal dosage, Exposure, Lab-
oratory animals, Adenoma, 'Daiapon, Pharmacokine-
tics, Water pollution effects(Humans), Water pollution
effects(Animals), Health hazards, Carcinogenicity
tests, Path of pollutants, Mutagenicity tests, Harderian
gland, Tissue distribution.
PB90-215435/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Antimony.
Draft rept. (Final).
Dynamac Corp., Rockville, MD.
Apr 90, 98p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
Antimony (Sb) is a semimetal element of Group V,
sharing some chemical properties with lead, arsenic,
and bismuth. The most stable valence states of anti-
mony are Sb(3+) and Sb(5+). Numerous inorganic
and organic compounds of antimony are known. Most
of the common antimony compounds are slightly to
readily soluble in water. Antimony is thought to exert its
toxic effects by interacting with intracellular enzymes
or cofactors. A number of sulfhydryl-containing com-
pounds reduce the toxic effects of antimony, suggest-
ing that it may bind to cellular sulfhydryl groups. Anti-
mony has been reported to increase the activity of
heme oxygenase, to increase the action of thyroid hor-
mone, ana to decrease the toxicity of selenium, but the
mechanisms of these effects are not known. Antimony
has been found to be mutagenic in several test sys-
tems, and various types of tumors, including lung neo-
plasms, have been induced in rats upon inhalation ex-
posure; however, no evidence has been found that
orally ingested antimony is carcinogenic.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Toxicology, 'Water qual-
ity, 'Antimony, Mutagens, Carcinogens,
Reproduction(Biology), Lethal dosage, Exposure, Lab-
oratory animals, Body weight, Enzymes, Enzyme in-
hibitors, 'Dose-response relationships. Pharmacokin-
etics, Water pollution effects(Humans), Water pollution
effects(Animals), Health hazards, Carcinogenicity
tests, Path of pollutants. Mutagenicity tests, Enzyme
activation.
PB90-215443/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Quantification of Toxicological Effects for Dlch-
loromethane. Draft rept. (Final).
Dynamac Corp., Rockville, MD.
Apr 90,48p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency.
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
The source documents for background information
used to develop the report on the quantification of toxi-
cological effects for dichloromethane are the health
assessment document (HAD) for dichloromethane and
a subsequent addendum to the HAD (U.S. EPA,
1985b). In addition, some references published since
1985 are discussed. To summarize the results of the
quantification of toxicological effects, a One-day
Health Advisory of 10,000 ug/L for a 10-kg child was
calculated, based on an acute oral study in rats report-
ed by Klmuraet al. (1971). No suitable data for the der-
ivation of a Ten-day Health Advisory were found in the
available literature.
Keywords: "Potable water, 'Toxicology, 'Chlorometh-
anes, 'Water quality, Exposure, Neoplasms, Liver,
Body weight, Humans, Laboratory animals, 'Carcino-
genicity tests, Dose-response relationships, Organ
weight.
PB90-215450/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Determination of Trace Elements In Waters and
Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma • Mass
Spectrometry: Method 200.8. Version 4.0.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
S. E. Long, and T. D. Martin. Sep 89,46p
The method provides procedures for the determination
of dissolved elements in ground waters, surface
waters and drinking water supplies. It may also be
used for the determination of total recoverable ele-
ment concentrations in these waters as well as
wastewaters, sludges and solid waste samples. The
method describes the multi-element determination ot
trace elements by inductively coupled plasma-mass
spectrometry (ICP-MS).
Keywords: Manuals, 'Chemical analysis, 'Solid
wastes, 'Trace elements, Potable water, Surface
waters, Ground water, Experimental design, Laborato-
ry equipment. Water supply, Calibrating, Quality con-
trol, Sample preparation, Safety, Mass spectroscopy
Manuals, 'Water pollution detection, *EPA method
200, Water pollution sampling.
PB90-215468/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Determination ot Inorganic Anions in Water by
Ion Chromatography: Method 300.0.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Cincinnati
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
J. D. Pfaff, C. A. Brockhoff, and J. W. O'Dell. Dec 89,
22p
The report discusses the water analysis of inorganic
anions by ion chromatography. EPA method 300.0 is
used on detection of water pollutants. The report
covers safety, equipment used, reagents, sampling as
well as sample preparation, calibrating, standardiza-
tion, quality control, procedure, and accuracy.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Anions, Chemical analy-
sis, Inorganic compounds, Laboratory equipment,
Sample preparation, Calibrating, Quality control, *EPA
method 300, *lon chromatography, 'Water pollution
detection, Environmental monitoring.
PBS0-215476/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Protective Action Quids* for Accidentally Con-
taminated Water and Food: Proceeding* of a
Workshop Held In Washington, DC., September
1989.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Sep 89,135p EPA/520/1-89/032
The report is a proceedings of a Workshop on Protec-
tive Action Guides for Accidentally Contaminated
Water and Food. The objective of the workshop was to
identify and discuss all of the issues, problems, rele-
vant experiences, and research that should be consid-
ered in the development of Protective Action Guides
(PAGs) for Water and Food.
Keywords: 'Protection, 'Radiation hazards, 'Acci-
dents, 'Meetings, Radioactive isotopes, Food con-
tamination, Water supply, Ingestion(Biology), Humans,
Animals, Wildlife, Agriculture, Feeding stuffs. Estu-
aries, Nuclear reactor accidents, Protective clothing,
Dosage.
PB90-215825/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Control of Chromaffin Cell Development and
Adrenomedullary Function In the Neonate.
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
C. Lau, L. L. Ross, and T. A. Slotkin. c1988,8p EPA/
600/D-90/035
Contract EPA-68-02-4450
Pub. in Progress in Catecholamine Research, Part A:
Basic Aspects and Peripheral Mechanisms, p467-471
1986. Part of Proceedings of the International Cate-
cholamine Symposium (6th), Jerusalem, Israel, June
14-19, 1987. Prepared in coop, with Medical Coll. of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and Duke Univ. Medical
Center, Durham, NC. Dept. of Pharmacology. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab.
Neonatal administration of triiodothyronine (T3) accel-
erates the onset of sympatho-adrenomedullary neuro-
transmission function. To examine whether this reflect-
ed enhanced maturation of splanchnic innervation, the
authors assessed retrograde transport of horseradish
peroxidase. There was an increased number of la-
belled preganglionic neuronal cell bodies in the spinal
cord of the hyperthyroid pups. Ultrastructural examina-
tion also revealed a corresponding increase of synap-
ses in the adrenal medulla, and the activities of choline
acetyltransferase, an enzyme marker for preganglionic
terminals was also elevated. Replication of the chro-
maffin cells was terminated prematurely in the T3
group, leading to significant reductions of mitotic index
and overall cell numbers. As a functional consequence
of these cellular deficits, ontogeny of adrenal catecho-
lamine biosynthesis and storage was retarded. In neo-
nates rendered hypothyroid by propylthiouracil, oppo-
site effects on the maturation of the sympatho-adreno-
medullary axis were observed, indicating an obligatory
role of endogenous thyroid hormones in development
of the chromaffin cells and their function. (Copyright (c)
1988 AlanR.LIss, Inc.).
Keywords: 'Adrenal medulla, Hypothyroidism, Hy-
perthyroidlsm, Catecholamines, Mitosis, Sympathetic
nervous system, Reprints, 'Chromaffin system, Inner-
vation, Newborn animal.
PB90-21S799/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Oalvanifed Steel: National Distribution Study.
Aerocomp, Inc., Costa Mesa, CA.
J. H. Crouch, and J. A. Catalano. May 90,60p EPA/
600/3-90/039
Contract EPA-68-02-4470
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
The report describes a field survey done to observe
the extent and application of bare galvanized steel in
the United States. For purposes of the analysis, the
conterminous 48 states were grouped into four re-
gions. Industrial and rural areas were considered in the
study which examined galvanized steel applications of
roofing, siding, gutters and flashing, transmission line
towers, fencing, pole line hardware, guardrails, and
storage facilities. A field survey was conducted in four
cities thought to be representative of each region for
visual inventory. In-house surveying was then per-
formed using aerial photography corresponding to the
areas visited and relevant land use data to calculate
surface area of the observed galvanized steel. Ex-
trapolation to entire metropolitan areas was done
through the land use statistics. Estimates of galva-
nized steel surface in non-residential urban areas from
the survey observations are 9.2x10(4) sq m for Cleve-
land, 53.8x10(4) sq m for Atlanta, 38.6x10(4) sq m for
Dallas, and 256.8x10(4) sq m for Sacramento.
Keywords: 'Galvanized materials, 'Steels, Reviews,
Tables(Data), Corrosion resistance, Metal sheets,
Fences, Roofing, Drains, Inventories, Vehicular traffic
control, Air pollution effects(Materials).
PB90-215872/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effect of 1,3-Dlnltrobenzene on Prepubertal, Pu-
bertal, and Adult Mouse Spermatogenesis. Journal
article.
South Dakota State Univ., Brookings. Dept. of Chemis-
try.
D. P. Everson, F. C. Janca, R. K. Baer, L. K. Jost, and
D. S. Karabinus. C1989,16p EPA/600/J-89/373
Contract EPA-R-810991
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health,
v28 p67-80 Sep 89. Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Exposure of prepubertal, pubertal, and adult mice to 0,
8,16,32,40, or 48 mg 1,3-dinitrobenzene (m-DNB)/kg
body weight and measuring responses 1-25 d post-
treatment (dpt) demonstrated significant effects on
testicular function only at 48 mg/kg dosage. m-DNB
had no effect on body or testis weights with the excep-
tion of reduced adult mouse testis weights at 22 dpt
with 48 mg/kg (p <.05). None of the exposures result-
ed in detectable levels of germinal epithelial ceils in
the ductus epididymis. Exposure of prepubertal and
pubertal mice to m-DNB caused only minimal nonsigni-
ficant changes in the relative percent of testicular cell
types present up to 25 dpt. The adult mice testicular
cell type ratios, in particular the round and elongating
spermatid populations, changed significantly at doses
of 48 mg/kg. Also, a reduction in the percent tetraploid
cells occurred at d 1, suggesting these cells may be a
primary target of m-DNB action. Caput and caudal
sperm from mice exposed to m-DNB prior to puberty
did not demonstrate an increased susceptibility to
DNA denaturation when analyzed by the sperm chro-
matin structure assay.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Deoxyribonucleic acids, Mice.
Graphs(Charts), Testis. Body weight, Tables(Data),
Reprints, "Dinitrobenzenes, 'Spermatogenesis. 'Pu-
berty, Ploidies, Flow cytometry, Epididymis, Chromatin,
Organ weight
PB90-215880/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Inhibition of Morphological Transformation of
C3H10T1/2CL8 Mouse Embryo Cell* by Multiple
Carcinogen Treatment*. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. Nesnow, H. Garland, and G. Curtis. c1989,9p EPA/
600/J-89/371
Pub. in Cancer Letters, v47 p91-97 Dec 80. Prepared
in cooperation with Environmental Health Research
and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
C3H10T1/2CL8 cells treated on the first day after
seeding with benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) and then treated
again with B(a)P displayed an enhanced or inhibited
response of morphological transformation depending
on the time of the second treatment. When the second
treatment was performed up to 8 days after seeding,
the cells expressed a 60% increase in Type II or Type
III foci per dish after adjusting for the total dose admin-
istered. If the second treatment was administered from
10 days to 26 days after seeding, the cells exhibited up
to 100% inhibition of morphological transformation.
Enhancement or inhibition seemed to be related to the
growth state of the cells as enhancement was ob-
served only in log phase growth and inhibition in pre-
confluent to confluent cells. The extent of inhibition
was related to the concentration of B(a)P administered
in the second treatment. Two additional carcinogens
were examined for their ability to inhibit B(a)P induced
morphological transformation when administered to
cells 22 days after the initial B(a)P treatment: 3-methyl-
cholanthrene (SMC) and n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitroso-
guanidine (MNNG). Both 3MC and MNNG inhibited
transformation as a function of concentration with
SMC the more active inhibitor. (Copyright (c) 1989 El-
sevier Scientific Publishers Ireland Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Carcinogens, 'Toxicology, Methylcho-
lanthrene, Mice, Embryo, Graphs(Charts), Reprints,
'Transformed cell line, Benzo(a)pyrene, Methylnitro-
sonitroguanidine.
PB90-215898/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology Div.
In vivo and In vitro Dermal Penetration of
2,4,5,2',4',5'-Hexachloroblphenyl In Young and
Adult Rate. Journal article.
NSI Technology Services Corp., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
H.	L. Fisher, P. V. Shah, M. R. Sumler, and L. L. Hall.
c1989,23p EPA/600/J-89/370		
Pub. in Environmental Research, v50 p120-139 Dec
89. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Environmental Toxicology
Div.
Penetration of (l4)C-2,4,5,2\4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl
(HCB) through skin of young (33 days) and adults (82
days) female Fischer 344 rats was determined in vivo
and by two in vitro methods. In vivo dermal penetration
at 120 hours was 45% in young and 43% in adults. At
72 hours in vivo dermal penetration was 35% in young
and 26% in adults compared to 1.3% for young and
I.4%	for adult as measured with a continuous flow in
vitro system and 2.5% for young and 1.2% for adults
as measured with a static In vitro system. Most of the
absorbed HCB remained in the body as only 4.9% and
2.6% of that absorbed was excreted by young and
adult rats respectively by 120 hours. The excretion of
HCB In feces was approximately six times higher than
Into urine. A physiological pharmacokinetic model was
fit to the organ and tissue distribution data. Parameters
in the model determined from dermal dosing of female
Fischer-344 rats were in reasonable agreement with
those obtained from i.v. dosing of adult male Sprague
Dawley rats. Differences in the model parameters be-
tween young and adult rats were found. (Copyright (c)
1989 by Academic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data),
Rats, In vivo analysis, In vitro analysis, Feces, Urine,
Reprints, 'Pharmacokinetics, 'Polychlorobiphenyl
compounds, 'Dermal absorption, 'Hexachlorobi-
phenyl, Dose-response relationships.
PB90-215906/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Modulating Effect of Body Temperature on the
Toxic Response Produced by the Pesticide Chlor-
dlmeform In Rats. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
W. P. Watkinson, J. W. Highfill, and C. J. Gordon.
C1989,20p EPA/600/J-89/369
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health,
v28 p483-500 Dec 89.
To investigate the role of body core temperature (Tco)
on chlordimeform (CDM) toxicity, experiments were
conducted over a range of Tcos. Adult rats were anes-
thetized with sodium pentobarbital and randomly as-
signed to one of six equal groups. Groups were paired
and Tco was maintained in the rats in each of the re-
spective group pairs at one of three levels. Rats in one
group at each temperature level were injected intra-
peritoneally with 60 mg/kg of CDM. Animals in the cor-
responding temperature-matched groups received
volume-matched injections of normal saline vehicle
and served as time-paired controls. The electrocardio-
gram and heart rate (HR) were monitored throughout
the experimental procedure. There was a significant
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
decrease in HR in all CDM-treated groups when com-
pared to the control group animals. The magnitude of
the observed cardiac effect was attenuated in the T35
group when compared to that of the other treated
groups. Similarly, lethality rates (no. deaths/no. total)
for the T37, T35, and T33 groups were 2/5, 0/5, and
3/5, respectively; there were no deaths among the
control group animals. From these and previous data
from this laboratory, the authors conclude there may
be a beneficial effect of hypothermia in rats exposed to
toxic agents which is maximal around 35 C.
Keywords: "Body temperature, 'Pesticides, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Electrocardiography, Rats, Statistical analysis,
Heart rate, Graphs(Charts), Lethal dosage, Reprints,
•Chlordimeform.
PB90-215914/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Prediction* of Ozone Absorption In Human Lungs
from Newborn to Adult. Journal article.
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. H. Overton, and R. C. Graham. C1989 10p EPA/
600/J-89/368
Contract EPA-68-02-4450
Pub. in Health Physics, v57 supl p29-36 Nov 89.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Dosimetry models for gases mainly have been used to
predict absorption in adult humans and laboratory ani-
mals. The lack of lower respiratory tract (LRT) lung
models for children has discouraged the application of
theoretical gaseous dosimetry to this important sub-
population. To fill this gap the authors have used sev-
eral sources of data on age dependent LRT volumes,
age dependent airway dimensions, a model of an adult
tracheobronchial region, and a model of the adult
acinus to construct theoretical LRT lung models for
humans from birth to adult. An ozone (03) dosimetry
model was then used to estimate the regional and
local uptake of 03 in the (theoretical) LRTs of children
and adults. For sedentary breathing, the LRT distribu-
tion of absorbed 03, the percent uptake (76 to 85%),
and the centriacinar 03 tissue dose are not very sensi-
tive to age. For maximal work during exercise, predict-
ed uptakes range from 83 to 91 %, and the regional
percent uptakes are more dependent on age than
during quiet breathing. In general, total 03 absorption
per minute increases with age. Regardless of age and
state of breathing, the largest tissue dose of 03 is pre-
dicted to occur in the centriacinar region, where many
animal studies show the maximal morphological
damage due to 03.
Keywords: 'Ozone, "Lung, 'Respiratory system, Do-
simetiy, Humans, Absorption, Laboratory animals,
Exercise(Physiology), Respiration, Reprints, 'Age fac-
tors, Dose-response relationships.
PB90-215922/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Structural Differences between Human and Rat
Lung: Implications for Monte Carlo Modeling of
Aerosol Deposition. Biological Factors In Model-
ing: Respiratory Tract. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
W. Hofmann, L. Koblinger, and T. B. Martonen. c1989,
9p EPA/600/J-89/367
Pub. in Health Physics, v57 Sup 1 p4i-47 Dec 89. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Kozponti Fizikai Kutato Inte-
zet, Budapest (Hungary), and Duke Univ. Medical
Center, Durham, NC.
The geometrical structure of the lung is one of the
main factors governing inhaled particle deposition;
structural differences among different species are,
therefore, of great importance for extrapolation model-
ing. A statistical analysis of morphometry data for the
human and rat tracheobronchial tree reveals signifi-
cant interspecies differences in airway branching pat-
terns: compared to the relative dichotomous ancf sym-
metric structure of the human lung, the rat lung dis-
plays a more monopodial airway branching pattern.
Thus, for the rat lung a given airway is characterized,
its size, physiologic function, and distance from the tra-
chea by its diameter and not by a theoretically as-
signed generation number. A Monte Carlo method is
used to construct an airway geometry along each in-
haled particle's path by selecting airway parameters
randomly from their frequency distributions and the
correlations among them. While the airway geometry is
selected randomly, particle deposition in individual air-
ways is calculated analytically. (Copyright (c) 1989
Health Physics Society, Pergamon Press pic.)
Keywords: 'Anatomy, "Lung, 'Aerosols, Rats,
Humans, Monte Carlo method, Graphs(Charts), Statis-
tical analysis, Reprints.
P890-215930/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Human Subject Age and Activity Level: Factors
Addressed in a Blomathematical Deposition Pro-
gram for Extrapolation Modeling. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Inhalation Toxicology Div.
T. B. Martonen, R. C. Graham, and W. Hofmann.
C1989,13p EPA/600/J-89/366
Pub. in Health Physics, v57 supl p49-59 Dec 89. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC., and Duke Univ. Medical
Center, Durham, NC.
A deterministic aerosol deposition model, previously
validated by data from adult inhalation exposure ex-
periments, is used to study factors affecting particle
behavior within the developing human lung. Here, an
age dependent lung morphology is presented in which
the number of tracheobronchial (TB) generations is
complete at birth, but airway dimensions vary with age;
the number of pulmonary (P) generations, however,
changes with age, as well as alveolated airway dimen-
sions. For the light and heavy respiratory activity levels
considered, TB, P and total lung deposition fractions
are calculated. For all particle sizes (0.2 - 9.0 micro m)
tested, total deposition was minimum for the 30 year
old adult and maximum for either of the youngest two
subjects (7 and 22 months old). The model is intended
to aid in future extrapolation, or age dependent, model-
ing efforts assessing the threat to human health from
airborne contaminants. (Copyright (c) 1989 Health
Physics Society, Pergamon Press pic.)
Keywords: "Lung, "Anatomy, Humans, Mathematical
models, Extrapolation, Formulas(Mathematics),
Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data), Reprints, 'Age factors,
Pulmonary alveoli.
PB90-215948/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Florida Inst, of Tech., Melbourne. Medical Genetics
Lab.
High Resolution Cytogenetic Characterization of
the L5178Y TK + /- Mouse Lymphoma Cell Line.
Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
J. R. Sawyer, K. M. Hoyle, M. M. Moore, and J. C.
Hozier. c1989,15p EPA/600/J-89/365
Pub. in Mutation Research, v214 p181 -193 Jun 89.
Sponsored by Florida Inst, of Tech., Melbourne. Medi-
cal Genetics Lab.
High resolution chromosome preparations from
L5178Y TK+/- 3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cells were
obtained by the use of acridine orange in the cell har-
vest procedure. With this technique it is possible to vis-
ualize over 500 bands in elongated mouse lymphoma
chromosomes as compared to the approximately 230
bands visualized in metaphase preparations. High res-
olution mouse lymphoma chromosomes are described
and chromosome rearrangements carried in the cell
line are characterized by ideograms, which represent
the position, number, size, and relative staining intensi-
ty of the G-band patterns. Use of elongated chromo-
somes of mouse lymphoma TK + /- mutants should fa-
cilitate analysis of cytogenetic effects associated with
TK+/- -> TK-/- mutagenesis. (Copyright (c) 1989 El-
sevier Science Publishers B.V. (Biomedical Division).)
Keywords: 'Chromosomes, 'Mutations, Mice, Lym-
phomas, Reprints, 'Chromosome aberrations, 'Thy-
midine kinase, Cultured tumor cells, Acridine orange,
Chromosome banding, Karyotyping.
PB90-21S9S5/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
High-Resolution Cytogenetic Analysis of L5178Y
TK+/-3.7.2C Cells: Variation in Cnromosoms 11
Breakpoints among Small-Colony TK-/- Mutants.
Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
J. C. Hozier, J. R. Sawyer, and M. M. Moore. C1989,7p
EPA/600/J-89/364
Pub. in Mutation Research, v214 p195-199 1989. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Florida Inst, of Tech., Mel-
bourne.
The TK + /- 3.7.2C cell line contains chromosomes 11
of normal morphology when investigated by high reso-
lution banding techniques. In the mouse TK-1 has pre-
viously bean mapped by somatic cell genetics to chro-
mosome 11. The sublocalization of the break points in
chromosome 11 deletions, translocations, and inser-
tions occurring in induced TK-/- mutants was investi-
gated. An acridine orange/Colcemid/hypotonic treat-
ment of TK-/- mutants was developed to provide high
resolution chromosomes with over 500 G-bands for
break point analysis. Using both standard and high res-
olution procedures, independently induced small
colony mutants show rearrangements in the distal por-
tion of chromosome 11, with break points occurring
between bands B5 and D1.3. This finding of a range of
chromosomal break points in different TK-/- mutants is
consistent with the hypothesis that chromosomal le-
sions occurring in small-colony mutants may affect a
large portion of the genome in the vicinity of the TK
gene, and with recent molecular genetic analysis of
mutants. (Copyright (c) 1989 Elsevier Science Publish-
ers B.V. (Biomedical Division).)
Keywords: 'Mutations, 'Chromosomes, Reprints,
'Thymidine kinase, 'Chromosome aberrations,
Translocation(Genetics), Chromosome fragile sites,
Cultured tumor cells, DNA insertion elements, Gene
deletion, Chromosome banding, Karyotyping.
PB90-215963/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Design and Development of a MIcroThermocou-
ple Sensor for Determining Temperature and Rel-
ative Humidity Patterns within an Alrstream. Jour-
nal article.
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A. D. Eisner, and T. B. Martonen. C1989, 7p EPA/600/
J-89/363
Contract EPA-68-02-4450
Pub. in Jnl. of Biomechanical Engineering, v3 p283-
287 Nov 89. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The paper describes the production and calibration of
a miniature psychrometer treated with a specially de-
veloped porous coating. The investigation was con-
ducted to determine localized patterns of rapidly
changing temperature and relative humidity in dynamic
flowing gas environments (e.g., with particular atten-
tion to future applications to the human respiratoiy
system). The technique involved the use of dry minia-
ture thermocouples, and wetted miniature thermocou-
ples coated with boron nitride, to act as a wicking ma-
terial. A precision humidity generator was developed
for calibrating the psychrometer. It was found that, in
most cases, the measured and expected (theoretically
predicted) relative humidity agreed to within 0.5% to
1.0% relative humidity. Procedures that would de-
crease this discrepancy even further were pinpointed,
and advantages of using the miniature psychrometer
were assessed.
Keywords: 'Thermocouples, 'Humidity, 'Atmospheric
temperature, 'Airstreams, Psychrometers,
Formulas(Mathematics), Reprints.
PB90-215971/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Assessing Indoor Air Pollution Exposure and
Lung Cancer Risk in Xuan Wei, China. Journal arti-
cle.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. S. Chapman, J. L. Mumford, X. He, D. B. Harris, and
R. Yang. C1989,10p EPA/600/J-89/362
Pub. in Jnl. of the American College of Toxicology v8
n5 P941-948 1989. Prepared in cooperation with Insti-
tute of Environmental Health and Engineering, Beilina
(China).	r *
The report presents risk assessment-related aspects
of a multidiscipllnary study of indoor coal smoke pollu-
tion and lung cancer in Xuan Wei County, Yunnan
Province, China. Xuan Wei presents a unique natural
experiment in environmental carcinogenesis because
lung cancer mortality rates and indoor pollution expo-
sures vary widely within the County. Current evidence
links lung cancer with domestic burning of 'smokv
coal,' as opposed to 'smokeless coal' and wood Ef.
forts to determine the most carcinogenic components
of smoky coal pollution are in progress, as are efforts
to develop a quantitative relationship of pollution dose
with lung cancer response in Xuan Wei. Some avatt.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
able evidence suggests that the composition of indoor
pollution does not vary greatly throughout Xuan Wei,
and thus that lung cancer risk is a function of overall
pollution exposure. Other evidence suggests that dif-
ferent Xuan Wei fuels exhibit different carcinogenic po-
tencies. On-site and laboratory studies are being con-
ducted to distinguish between these possibilities.
Keywords: 'Lung neoplasms, 'China, Coal, Smoke,
Tables(Data), Epidemiology, Mortality, Reprints,
'Indoor air pollution, 'Environmental exposure path-
ways, Risk assessment, Carcinogenicity tests, Muta-
genicity tests, Dose-response relationships.
PB90-21S989/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Ultramlcro Forward-Mutation Assay and It's Appli-
cation to the Survey of Indoor Air Pollution. Jour-
nal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Y. Takagi, S. Goto, C. T. Kuo, S. Sugita, and M. Murata.
C1988, 11p EPA/600/J-89/361
Text in Japanese; summary in English. Pub. in Jnl.
Japan Soc. Air Pollut. 23, n3 p244-251 1988. Prepared
in cooperation with Kitasato Univ., Sagamihara
(Japan). School of Health Science, and Azabu Univ.,
Sagamihara (Japan). School of Veterinary Medicine.
A highly sensitive ultramicro forward-mutation assay
using Salmonella typhimurium TM677 was achieved by
the introduction of a micro-vessel in the preincubation.
The assay was about 10 times higher in sensitivity than
the micro forward-mutation assay and was able to
measure mutagenicity of extracts from airborne partic-
ulates obtained by only 3 cu m air sampling. Repeata-
bility of the assay was nearly same as that of the micro
forward-mutation assay, that is, the coefficient of varia-
tion of the mutation frequency for airborne particular
extracts was 12.3% in the test condition without S9
mix and 13.7% with S9 mix. The assay was applied to
the measurement of hourly variation mutagenic activity
of airborne particulates indoors and outdoors, and re-
vealed the mutagenic activity of indoor air was gener-
ally higher than that of outdoor air and that the muta-
genic activity indoors in the absence of S9 mix was
well correlated with human activity. It was also found
by the assay and PAH analysis that indoor pollution by
carcinogens and mutagens was largely affected by
cigarette smoking and an air cleaner was useful for re-
duction of indoor pollution by mutagens and PAHs.
Keywords: Tobacco, Salmonella typhimurium, Aromat-
ic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Tables(Data),
Graphs(Cnarts), Smoke, 'Foreign technology, 'Muta-
genicity tests, 'Carcinogenicity tests, 'Indoor air pollu-
tion, Metabolic activation.
PB90-215997/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Enhanced Susceptibility to Kindling by Chlordlme-
form May Be Mediated by a Local Anesthetic
Action. Journal article.
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. E. Gilbert, and C. M. Mark. c1989,7p EPA/600/J-
89/360
Pub. in Psychopharmacology, v99 p163-167 1989.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The formamidlne pesticides amitraz and chlordime-
form have recently been shown to be potent procon-
vulsants. Two main neuroactive prosperities have
been identified as mediators of formamidlne neurotoxi-
city, alpha-2 adrenergic agonism and local anesthetic
actions. These two proposed mechanisms of formami-
dlne action were contrasted using electrical kindling of
the amygdala. Male rats were administered 0.10 and
40 mg/kg of the local anesthetic lidocaine, 0,0.01 and
0.10 mg/Kg of the alpha-2 adrenergic agonist clonidine
or 0.10 and 30 mg/kg chlordimeform IP, once per day.
After each Injection, Kindling stimulation was delivered
through chronically-Implanted electrodes. The high
dosage of chlordimeform and both dosages of lido-
caine enhanced the rate of kindling development rela-
tive to controls. Afterdischarge (AD) durations were in-
creased over the first sessions by both treatments, but
the total cumulative AD did not differ from controls.
Clonidine by contrast, delayed kindling development
and shortened the mean AD duration over the first
seven sessions. These data provide support for a local
anesthetic action of chlordimeform and stand in con-
trast to several recent demonstrations of alpha-2 activ-
ity of formamidines as primary contributors to formami-
dine toxicity. (Copyright (c) Springer-Verlag 1989.)
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, Amygdala,
Graphs(Charts), Rats, Reprints, 'Kindling(Neurology),
'Local anesthesia, Dose-response relationships,
Chlordimeform, Amitraz, Clonidine, Lidocaine.
PB90-216003/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Critical Issues in Intra- and Interspecies Dosime-
try of Ozone. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
F. J. Miller, and J. H. Overton. c1989,13p EPA/600/J-
89/359
Pub. in Atmospheric Ozone Research and Its Policy
Implications, p281 -291 1989.
Knowledge of dose at the target site is a fundamental
starting point in making interspecies dosimetric com-
parisons. To the extent that information is available on
the effective dose of a compound, the confidence in
risk assessments is increased. To facilitate judgments
about effects determined in animals relative to likeli-
hood of risk associated with human exposure to ozone
(03), a mathematical dosimetry model has been devel-
oped for interspecies comparisons. The model incor-
porates the major factors affecting the absorption of
03 in the respiratory tract: the morphology of the respi-
ratory tract, the route, depth and rate of breathing,
physicochemical properties of 03, the physical and
chemical processes which govern gas transport, and
the physicochemical properties of the lining fluids and
tissue material of the airways and gas exchange units.
Also discussed are the application of the dosimetry
model for examining age-dependent susceptibility to
03 and the potential usefulness of such models for re-
lating microdosimetry to microtoxicology.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Dosimetry, 'Air pollution, 'Labo-
ratory animals, Exposure, Humans, Risk, Mathematical
models, Comparison, Absorption, Respiration, Age,
Tolerances(Physlology), Reprints.
PB90-216011/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
Neutrophil Myeloperoxidase Destruction by Ultra-
violet Irradiation. Journal article.
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
J. Hanker, B. Giammara, and G. Strauss. C1988,4p
EPA/600/J-88/508
Pub. In Jnl. of Electron Microscopy, p138-139 Jun 88.
Prepared in cooperation with Louisville Univ., KY.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Dlv.
The peroxidase activity of enriched leukocyte prepara-
tions on coversllps was determined cytochemically
with a newly developed method. The techniques uti-
lizes diaminobenzidine medium and cupric nitrate in-
tensification and is suitable for analysis with light mi-
croscopy, SEM, and TEM. Blood specimens from con-
trol individuals were studied with and without in vitro
UV irradiation and compared with those from psoriasis
Cutients exposed therapeutically to various types of
V in phototherapy. All UV Irradiated samples snowed
diminished neutrophil myeloperoxidase (MP) activity
although that of the principal eosinophil peroxidase
was unaffected. The SEMs supported the contention
that decreased neutrophil MP activity might be related
to UV induced degranulation. It is believed to be possi-
ble, eventually, to equate the observed MP degranula-
tion effect after UV irradiation with diminished ability to
fight bacterial infections. (Copyright (c) 1988 by San
Francisco Press, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Neutrophils, 'Ultraviolet radiation, Eosino-
phils, Microscopy, Blood, Psoriasis, Reprints, 'Myelo-
peroxidase, PUVA therapy, Scanning electron micros-
copy.
PB90-216029/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Carcinogenic Activity Associated with Halogenat-
ed Acetones and Acroleins In the Mouse Skin
Assay. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. Robinson, R. J. Bull, G. R. Olson, and J. Stober.
C1989,10p EPA/600/ J-88/324
Pub. in Cancer Letters, v48 p197-203 Dec 89. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Pathology Associates, Inc.,
West Chester, OH., and Washington State Univ., Pull-
man. Coll. of Pharmacy.
Several chlorinated acetones have been identified in
drinking water and these as well as a number of chlor-
inated acroleins are produced by chlorination of humic
acid solutions. Many of these chlorinated compounds
and the brominated acrolein analog were positive in
the Ames assay in the laboratory. To determine if car-
cinogenic activity was associated with these chemicals
halogenated acetone derivatives were applied topical-
ly to SENCAR mice at the various dose levels. Doses
were applied six times over a two-week period in 0.2 ml
ethanol per application. Control animals received 0.2
ml ethanol per application as single dose or multiple
doses to match corresponding study. Two weeks after
final dose, 1.0 micro ~ TPA in 0.2 ml acetone was ap-
plied three times weekly for 20 weeks. After 24 weeks
the percent of animals with tumor for dose groups
above were reported. The data show that 1,3-DCA,
CAC, and BAC, when applied topically, initiate tumors
in the mouse skin. These chemicals administered
orally in a 2% emulphor solution, at doses described in
table 3, did not initiate tumors in the mouse skin.
Keywords: 'Skin, 'Acroleins, 'Toxicology, 'Chlorinat-
ed hydrocarbons, 'Acetone, 'Brominated hydrocar-
bons, Tables(Data), Mice, Salmonella typhimurium,
Reprints, 'Carcinogenicity tests, Mutagenicity tests,
Papilloma.
PB90-216037/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Thermoregulatory Responses of the Rabbit to
Central Neural Infections of Sulfolane.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Neurotoxicology Div.
R. S. Mohler, and C. J. Gordon. C1989,13p EPA/600/
J-89/326
Pub. in NeuroToxicology (Trade Name), v10 p53-02 1
Jan 89. See also PB89-143689.
Systemic exposure of the rabbit to sulfolane results in
hypothermia. The study was designed to determine
the thermoregulatory effects of sulfolane on the cen-
tral nervous system (CNS) of the rabbit. Male rabbits
were stereotaxically implanted with an injection can-
nula over the preoptlc/anterior hypothalamic area
(POAH) or into the lateral cerebral ventricle. POAH
temperature T(POAH), ear temperature, T(e) and met-
abolic rate (MR) were recorded at an ambient temper-
ature T(a) of 15 C. No changes were observed in any
of the thermoregulatory indices following injections of
saline or sulfolane in dosages of 100, 300, and 1000
micrograms directly into the POAH. Intracerebroventri-
cular (ICV) injection of saline also had no effect on
thermoregulation. However, (CV sulfolane in dosages
of 300,1000, and 3000 micrograms caused T(POAH)
to rise 0.23, 0.47, and 0.56 C, respectively. The hy-
perthermia was significant at a dosage of 3000 micro-
grams. There was no change in T(e) or MR at the three
dose levels. Microinjection of 10,000 micrograms sul-
folane ICV caused a slight decrease in T(POAH) for 30
min which was accompanied by an increase in T(e).
Following the slight decrease, T(POAH) increased to
-1-0.54 C at 120 min after injection as T(e) returned to
baseline values. The data suggest that the previously
observed thermoregulatory effects of sulfolane follow-
ing systemic exposure cannot be attributed to a direct
action of the parent compound on the CNS. (Copyright
(c) 1989 by Intox Press, Inc.)
Keywords: "Toxicity, 'Central nervous system, 'Ther-
moregulation, 'Hypothermia, Rabbits, Solvents,
Graphs(Charts), Hazardous materials, Body tempera-
ture, Exposure, Metabolism, Reprints, 'Sulfolane,
•Toxic substances, Dose-response relationships, Po-
lycyclic sulfur heterocycles, Occupational safety and
health.
PB90-216045/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Neurotoxicology Div.
Effect of Wastewater Spray Irrigation on Rota-
virus Infection Rates In an Exposed Population.
Journal article.
James N. Gamble Inst, of Medical Research, Cincin-
nati, OH.
R. L. Ward, D. R. Knowlton, J. Stober, W. Jakubowski,
and T. Mille. c1989,8p EPA/600/J-89/329
Grant EPA-R-813084
Pub. in Water Research, v23 n12 p1503-1509 Dec 69.
Prepared in cooperation with Computer Sciences
Corp., Cincinnati, OH., and Southwest Research Inst.,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
San Antonio, TX. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC. Neurotoxi-
cology Div.
The Lubbock infection surveillance study was conduct-
ed between June 1980 and October 1983 to detect po-
tential increases in enteric infection and disease inci-
dence in a community surrounding a wastewater spray
irrigation site. The report concerns the incidence of ro-
tavirus infections in study participants during that
period. Rotavirus infection was defined as a > 2-fold
increase in rotavirus serum antibody between blood
collections which occurred approximately every 6
months. Antibody was detected by an enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay. Of the 368 participants who
provided > 2 blood specimens, 67 seroconversions to
rotavirus were detected, an average annual rate of 6.8
infections/100 subjects. One subject was infected
twice. Seroconversions were observed in 32.7% (32/
98) of children < 16 years of age and in 12.7% (33/
260) of adults (>17 years old) with a single infection.
Thus, significantly more (P < 0.0001) rotavirus infec-
tions occurred in children. Baseline rotavirus serum
antibody titers were found to be significantly lower
(P=0.047) in subjects who seroconverted. However,
many children and adults with high titers were also in-
fected. More seroconversions were observed between
June and December (January) than between Decem-
ber (January) and June. Wastewater spray irrigation
had no detectable effect on the incidence of rotavirus
infection. (Copyright (c) 1989, Pergamon Press pic.)
Keywords: "Water microbiology, 'Epidemiology, 'Irri-
gation, Waste water, Seasonal variations, Reprints,
Rotavirus infections, Disease outbreaks, Viral anti-
bodies, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
EB9?:2V6552/HSU	pc A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.	"
Toxic Interactions between Carbon Tetrachloride
and Chloroform In Cultured Rat Hepatocytes.
Journal article.
Virginia Commonwealth Univ., Richmond. Dept. of
Pharmacology and Toxicology.
R. G. Lamb, J. F. Borzelleca, L. W. Condie, and C.
Gennings. c1989,10p EPA/600/J-89/330
Grant EPA-R812558
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, V101 nl
p106-113 Oct 89. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes were incubat-
ed (1.5-16 hr) with various concentrations of CCI4(<
or = 0 5 mM) and/or CHCI3(< or = 2.5 mM). Agent-
dependent alterations in hepatocyte functions were
assessed by measuring (1) (3H)choline incorporation
Into phosphatidylcholine (endoplasmic reticulum), (2)
MTT (tetrazolium salt) reduction (mitochondria), and
(3) AST release into medium (plasma membrane). Cul-
tured hepatocytes incubated with 0.5 mM CCI4 dis-
played a significant (p < or = 0.001) and rapid (1.6 hr)
reduction (40%) in endoplasmic reticulum function that
preceded significant (p < or = 0.001) alterations in
mitochondria (6-16 hr) and plasma membrane (6-16
hr) functions. CCI4-dependent alterations in liver cell
functions are a result of CCI4 bioactivation since me-
tyrapone inhibits the CCI4-mediated changes in cell
functions. Response surface methods (RSM) were
used to determine the influence of combinations of
CCI4 and CHCI3 on liver cell MTT reduction and
(3H)choline incorporation. Regression coefficients
were determined for CCI4, CHCI3, and CCI4-CHCI3. All
results were significant (p < 0.0001) and implied that
CCI4 was a more potent hepatotoxin in vitro than
CHCI3. The RSM analysis also suggested that combi-
nations of CHCI3 and CCI4 have greater than additive
effects on MTT reduction and (3H)choline incorpora-
tion. (Copyright (c) 1989 by Academic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Carbon tetrachloride, 'Chloroform, 'Toxi-
cology, 'Liver, Rats, Cholines, Graphs(Charts),
Tables(Data), Reprints, Phosphatidylcholines, Dose-
response relationships, Drug interactions, Cultured
cells, Cell survival.
PB90-216060/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tnangle
Park NC
Transection of a Rat Cytochrome P450b cDNA
Into C3H10T1/2CL8 Mouse Embryo Fibroblasts.
EnwTonmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
S. K. Hansen, J. A. Ross, J. M. Siegried, S. Leavitt, and
K. RudO. C1989,9p EPA/600/J-89/358
Contract EPA-68-02-4456
Pub. in Jnl. of Molecular Carcinogenesis, v2 p261-267
Nov 89. Prepared in cooperation with National Inst, of
Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
A cDNA clone of a rat cytochrome P450b gene was
used to construct an expression vector driven by an
SV40 promoter and containing a G418-resistance se-
lectable marker. This bifunctional plasmid (pJRSHOO)
was transfected into the C3H10T1/2CL8 mouse
embryo fibroblast cell line. G418-resistant clones were
selected and tested for enhanced sensitivity to the cy-
totoxic effects of the carcinogens 2-acetylaminofluor-
ene (2-AAF) and N,N-dimethylnitrosamine (DMN),
compounds which normally do not induce cytotoxicity
nor morphological transformation in these cells. DNA
analyses of one subclone, 19P450b-4, which exhibited
increased cytotoxic responses to 2-AAF and DMN
compared to the parental C3H10T1 /2CL8 cells, dem-
onstrated an increase in the number of copies of the
cytochrome P450b and demonstrated the appearance
of unique restriction fragment bands relative to paren-
tal and control transfected cells. This subclone also
exhibited increased levels of mRNA complementary to
the P450b cDNA. (Copyright (c) 1989 Alan R. Liss,
Inc.)
Keywords: 'Embryo, Rats, Mice, Fibroblasts, Carcino-
gens, Metabolism, Reprints, 'Transfection, "Cytoch-
rome P-450, *cDNA, 2-acetylaminofluorene, Clone
cells, Promotor regions(Genetics), Plasmids, Cell sur-
vival, Southern immunoblotting, Northern immunoblot-
ting.
PB90-216078/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Modeling of Particle Formation and Dynamics In a
Flame Incinerator. Journal article Mar-Nov 89.
Cincinnati Univ., OH. Dept. of Civil and Environmental
Engineering.
V. Sethi, and P. Biswas. C1990,8p EPA/600/J-89/350
Contract EPA-68-03-4038, Grant NSF-CBT88-08813
Pub. in Jnl. of Air Waste Management Association 40,
p42-46 Jan 90. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the
Air and Waste Management Association (82nd), Ana-
heim, CA., June 1989. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Enemy Engineering Research Lab., and National
Science Foundation, Washington, DC.
The paper describes the development of a model to
predict the formation and growth of metallic particles in
a flame incinerator system. Flow fields and tempera-
ture profiles in a cylindrical laminar jet flame have been
used to determine the position and physical conditions
of the species along the flame. The size distribution of
the particles formed was approximated by a unimodal
lognormal function to describe aerosol behavior in the
flame. The effects of inlet metallic vapor feed concen-
trations, initial seed sizes, and seed concentrations on
the resultant particle size distribution are presented.
The model has potential for further development to be
used as a predictive technique for applications in
design and operation of incinerator systems. (Copy-
right (c) 1990 Air and Waste Management Associa-
tion.)
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Mathematical
models, 'Particles, 'Incinerators, 'Metals, 'Hazard-
ous materials, "Waste disposal, Flames, Particle size
distribution, Aerosols, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, Physicochemical properties, Reprints,
Source reductions, Combustion properties.
PB90-216086/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Catalytic Oxidation of 1,1-Dlchioroethans. Journal
article.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
K. Ramanathan, and J. J. Spivey. C1989,11pEPA/
600/J-89/351
Pub. in Combustion Science and Technology, v63
p247-255 1989. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab., and Department
of the Air Force, Washington, DC.
The paper gives results of an investigation of the cata-
lytic oxidation of 1,1 -dichloroethane over a commercial
Cr203/AI203 catalyst at 500 ppm and 30-500 C. Vinyl
chloride was observed as an intermediate in the oxida-
tion process, being formed to significant extents be-
tween 230 and 330 C. This suggests HC1 abstraction
as the first step in the catalytic oxidation process. Simi-
lar experiments on 1,1,1-trichloroethane showed the
presence of a 1,1-dichloroethylene intermediate, sup-
porting the HC1 abstraction hypothesis. In both cases,
no carbon-chloride bonds were left at 500 C. No signif-
icant CO formation was observed, with the material
balance on carbon atoms being satisfied by C02 at
500 C.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Industrial wastes,
'Catalysts, "Oxidation, "Chromium oxides, "Aluminum
oxides, Experimental design, Vinyl chloride, Dehydro-
halogenation, Chemical bonds, Reprints, "Ethane/
dichloro, Chemical reaction mechanisms, Reaction in-
termediates.
PB90-216094/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Principal Component Analysis of S04<2-) Precipi-
tation Concentrations over the Eastern United
States. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
Mfiftmont I oh
B. K. Eder. C1989,14p EPA/600/J-89/344
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v23 n12 P2739-
27501989.
The spatial and temporal variability of S04(-2) concen-
trations in precipitation over the eastern United States
during the period 1981-1986 was examined through
the use of principal component analysis. Application of
Kaiser's Varimax orthogonal rotation led to the delin-
eation of seven contiguous subregions, each display-
ing statistically unique S04(-2) concentration charac-
teristics. These seven statistically significant modes of
variability, which together accounted for 74.2% of the
total variance, corresponded well with major SOx
emission patterns. Examination of the time series as-
sociated with subregion revealed a general seasona-
lity in which periods of high concentrations are more
likely during the summer, while periods of low concen-
trations are more likely during the winter. This season-
al cycle, however, was more prevalent in those subre-
gions which contained few major emissions, and was
less prevalent and often obscured by perturbations in
those subregions which contained major emissions.
Keywords: "Sulfates, * Precipitation(Chemistry)
"Factor analysis, "Atmospheric models, "Deposition!
"Precipitation(Meteorology),
Concentration(Composition), Mathematical models
Sulfur oxides, Spatial distribution, Seasonal variations'
Time series analysis, Reprints, "Eastern
Region(United States), "Air pollution sampling, "Acid
rain, Temporal distribution, Regional analysis.
PB90-216102/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Evaluation of Long-Term Sulfur Deposition
Models. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
T. L. Clark, E. C. Voldner, R. L. Dennis, S. K. Seilkoo
and M. Alvo. c1989,24p EPA/600/J-89/345
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v23 n10 p2267-
2288 1989. Prepared in cooperation with Atmospheric
Environment Service, Downsview (Ontario), Analytical
Sciences, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC. and
Ottawa Univ. (Ontario).
The International Sulfur Deposition Model Evaluation
(ISDME) project, jointly conducted by the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency and Atmospheric Environ-
ment Service of Environment Canada, assessed the
performance of eleven linear chemistry atmospheric
models in predicting amounts of sulfur wet deposition
Standardized model input data sets were distributed to
the participating modelers, who later submitted sea-
sonal and annual 1980 model predictions of dry/wet
deposition and air concentrations of sulfur dioxide and
sulfate at up to 66 sites across eastern North America.
The models were evaluated in an operational mode
using new, more rigorous approaches, as well as the
more conventional distribution statistics recommend-
ed by the American Meteorological Society The new
approaches focused on the ability of the model, to
replicate features of the spatial patterns of sulfur wet
deposition, as determined by an interpolation tech-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
nique Known as kriging. The technique quantified the
uncertainties in the observations which were used in
the evaluation process to identify areas where interpo-
lated predictions were statistically significantly differ-
ent from the interpolated observations. To supplement
the evaluation, predictions of dry deposition amounts
and air concentrations of each model were intercom-
pared to identify apparent peculiarities. Finally, a scor-
ing system based on criteria for six model performance
measures was devised to compare seasonal, annual
and overall performances of the models. Three clus-
ters of models, each with similar overall scores, were
identified.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric models, 'Sulfur, 'Sulfur diox-
ide, 'Deposition, 'Precipitation(Meteorology), 'Sul-
fates, Mathematical models. Performance evaluation,
Sites, Spatial variations, Seasonal variations, Statisti-
cal analysis, Reprints, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Dry
methods, 'Wet methods, 'Acid rain, Regional analy-
sis, Eastern Region(North America).
PB90-216110/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Human Health Effect* Assay*. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
L. Fradkin, C. Sonich-Mullin, M. Cerny, C. Kruger, and
F. Cavender. c1989,8p EPA/600/J-89/349
Pub. in Jnl. Water Pollution Control Federation, v61 n6
p1072-10771989.
The use of assays to evaluate and assist in predicting
potentially adverse human health effects associated
with exposure to pollutants in water (that is, municipal
wastewater, sewage sludge, ambient water, and drink-
ing water) is the focus of the review.
Keywords: 'Humans, 'Bioassay, 'Water pollution, Ex-
posure, Public health, Sewage, Municipalities, Waste
water, Risk, Reprints, Drinking water.
PB80-218128/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect* of Stratospheric Ozone Depletion on
Marine Organl*m*. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Environmental Processes and Effects Re-
search.
R. C. Worrest, and D. P. Haeder. ci 989,7p EPA/600/
J-89/347
Pub. In Environmental Conservation, v16 n31989.
As a result of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV-B ra-
diation (290-320 nm) reaching aquatic environments is
likely to increase over the next few decades. Available
information suggests that UV-B radiation can have a
variety of deleterious effects on marine and freshwater
ecosystems. These effects can have a number of pos-
sible consequences for aquatic ecosystems. Among
these effects are: (1) a reduction in biomass produc-
tion, resulting in a reduced food supply to humans; and
(2) change In species composition and a reduction of
biodiversity.
Keywords: 'Stratosphere, 'Ozone layer, 'Ultraviolet
radiation, 'Ecology, 'Plankton, Reduction, Biomass,
Food, Nitrogen, Assimilation, Aquatic plants, Reprints,
'Marine organisms, Aquatic ecosystems, Species di-
versity.
PB90-21613S/H8U	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Flow Cytometric Analysis of Effect* of 1,3-Olnl-
trobenzen* on Rat Spermatogeneai*. Journal arti-
cle.
South Dakota State Univ., Brookings. Dept. of Chemis-
try.
D. P. Evenson, F. C. Janca, L. K. Jost, R. K. Baer, and
D. S. Karabinus. C1989,20p EPA/600/ J-89/372
Grant EPA-R-810991
Pub. in Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health,
v28 p81-98 Sep 89. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Exposure of 100-d old rats to 1.3-dinitrobenzene (m-
DNB) at dosages up to 48 mg/kg resulted in disruption
of spermatogenesis as measured by flow cytometry
(FCM) of acridlne orange-stained sperm and testis
cells. One day (d1) after a single exposure to 48 mg/
kg m-DNB. FCM measurements of caput epidklymal
fluid cells demonstrated the presence of testicular ger-
minal epithelial cells apparently sloughed off into the
epididymis. Also, at d 1 after the same exposure, a de-
crease in pachytene spermatocytes was observed. By
d 16 after exposure to 32 or 48 mg/kg, testicular
damage was evidenced by an alteration of cell type
ratios in FCM-analyzed populations of testicular cells.
Extensive recovery of cell type ratios occurred by d 32.
At d 16, dosages of 32 and 48 mg/kg caused alter-
ations of sperm chromatin structure as determined by
the flow cytometric sperm chromatin structure assay
(SCSA); 48 mg/kg caused alterations at both d 16 and
d 32. Exposure to m-DNB caused a dose response in-
crease in percent sperm head morphology abnormali-
ties (%ABN) assessed in cauda epididymal and vas
sperm. (Copyright (c) 1989 by Hemisphere Publishing
Corporation.)
Keywords: Rats, Testis, Deoxyribonucleic acids, Ribo-
nucleic acids, Mutations, Reprints, 'Flow cytometry,
'Spermatogenesis, 'Dinitrobenzenes, Cell nucleus,
Dose-response relationships, Vas deferens, Epididy-
mis.
PB90-216144/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Toxicologlcal Evaluation of Complax Industrial
Wastes: Implications for Exposure Assessment.
Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
D. M. DeMarini, J. E. Gallagher, V. S. Houk, and J. E.
Simmons. c1989,18p EPA/600/J-89/385
Pub. in Toxicology Letters, v49 p199-214 Oct 89.
A variety of short-term bioassays to construct a battery
of tests that could be used for assessing the biological
effects of potentially hazardous complex industrial
wastes were evaluated. Ten samples were studied for
hepatotoxicity: These samples and an additional five
were studied for mutagenicity. Although the data are
limited to these samples, the results suggest that the
Salmonella assay (either TA98 or TA100) or a pro-
phage-induction assay (both in the presence of S9) in
combination with determination of relative liver weight
and levels of a set of serum enzymes in rats would pro-
vide a battery of tests suitable to characterize complex
industrial wastes for mutagenic and hepatotoxic poten-
tial. The biological activities exhibited by the wastes
were not readily predicted by the chemical profiles of
the wastes, emphasizing the importance of character-
izing potentially hazardous complex industrial wastes
by both chemical and biological means. (Copyright (c)
Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (Biomedical Divi-
sion.))
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Toxicology, 'Hazard-
ous materials, Tables(Data), Deoxyribonucleic acids,
Salmonella typhimurium, Liver, Lung, Bladder, Bioas-
say, Urine, Reprints, 'Mutagenicity tests, Metabolic
activation, Organ weight.
PB90-216151/HSU	PC A03/MF AOt
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
Oenetic Toxicology of Benzoin and Caprolactam.
Journal article.
Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
A. L. Brady, H. F. Stack, and M. D. Waters. c1989,15p
EPA/600/J-89/384
Contract EPA-68-02-4456
Pub. in Mutation Research, v224 p39i-403 Nov 89.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
Based on animal carcinogenesis studies, benzoin and
caprolactam have been classified as noncarcinogens.
The genetic toxicity of both compounds has been thor-
oughly evaluated in short-term In vitro bioassays. Ge-
netic activity profiles and corresponding data listings
and summaries are presented for benzoin and capro-
lactam. Generally weak positive responses were ob-
tained with benzoin only In mammalian cell mutagene-
sis and cell transformation assays. In the case of ca-
prolactam, reproducible positive responses were ob-
tained for somatic mutations in Drosophila and for
mammalian cell transformation (in different cell lines)
at high dose levels. Since the chemical structures of
benzoin and caprolactam do not suggest the potential
for genotoxicity, these responses may be associated
with nonspecific toxicity. The overwhelming majority of
short-term test data suggest that, in accordance with
animal cancer data, benzoin and caprolactam are not
Senotoxic. (Copyright (c) Elsevier Science Publishers
i. V. (Biomedical Division).)
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Mutations, Bioassay,
Tables(Data), Drosophila, Salmonella typhimurium,
Saccharomyces, Reprints, 'Mutagenicity tests, *Ca-
prolactan, 'Benzoin, Transformed cell line.
PB90-216169/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
Consistent Oncogene Methylation Changes in
Epithelial Cells Chemically Transformed In vitro.
Journal article.
Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
M. J. Mass, N. S. Schorschinsky, J. A. Lasley, D. K.
Beeman, and S. J. Austin. c31 Oct 89,9p EPA/600/ J-
89/383
Contract EPA-68-02-4456
Pub. in Jnl. of Biochemical and Biophysical Research
Communications, v164 n2 p693-699 Oct 89. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
Many cancers occurring in humans and in animals are
accompanied by alterations in oncogene DNA se-
quences, amplification, or changes in expression. In
some cases the changes are quite specific and preva-
lent such as in Burkitt's lymphoma, pancreatic, and
thyroid carcinoma. Studies of human lung cancers
have revealed heterogeneous activated oncogenes in
varied proportions of tumors and prompted research-
ers to consider that genetic events present in estab-
lished tumors may not be reflective of those occurring
early in precursor initiated cells. The rat tracheal epith-
elial (RTE) cell transformation system has been uti-
lized as a surrogate to study early molecular events in
respiratory carcinogenesis. RTE cells transformed by
chemical carcinogens in vitro and early preneoplastic
lesions in vivo have been examined. However, RTE
cells transformed by polycyclic hydrocarbons appear
to sustain no consistent changes in Ha-ras, c-myc, and
Ki-ras oncogenes by restriction fragment length poly-
morphism analysis, and DNA isolated from these cells
is devoid of transferable transforming genes in
NIH3T3 cells. In the present study it has been deter-
mined that rat tracheal epithelial cells transformed by
diverse carcinogens share common changes in DNA
methylation patterns in Ha-ras and c-myc oncogenes
as determined by Hpa II digestion. This is the first
report of a common molecular alteration for these
cells.
Keywords: 'Epithelium, 'Lung neoplasms, Deoxyri-
bonucleic acids, Methylation, In vitro analysis, Rats,
Mutation, Reprints, 'Oncogenes, Southern immunob-
lotting, Transformed cell line, Base sequence, Nucleic
acid hybridization, Ras genes.
PB90-218177/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Absence of Mutations In Codon 61 of the HA-RAS
Oncogene In Epithelia Cells Transformed In vitro
by 7,12-Dlmethylbenz(a)-Anthracene. Journal arti-
cle.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. J. Mass, and S. J. Austin. C1989,7p EPA/600/ J-
89/382
Pub. in Biochemical and Biophysical Research Com-
munications, v185 n3 p1319-1323 Dec 89.
Epithelial cells of the respiratory tract of rats were
transformed in vitro by 7,12-
dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). Ha-ras exon 2
was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and
then sequenced directly. In 10 transformed cell lines,
of which 5 are known to be tumorigenic, no mutations
in the region of codon 59-61 were found. The results
suggest that Ha-ras codon 61 mutations are not asso-
ciated with cell transformation initiated with DMBA in
this cell transformation system. These data imply other
genes (oncogenes) are responsible for transformation
of these cells. The results are discussed in relation to
observations in various transformation systems in vivo
and in vitro. (Copyright (c) 1989 Academic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Mutations, 'Epithelium, Respiratory
system, In vivo analysis, In vitro analysis, Reprints,
'Codons, 'Oncogenes, 'Dimethylbenzanthracene,
Transformed cell line, Polymerase chain reaction,
Base sequence, Ras genes.
PB90-216186/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Effects of p-Xylene Inhalation on Axonal Trans-
port In the Rat Retinal Ganglion Cells. Journal arti-
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. S. Padilla, and D. P. Lyerly. c1989,11 p EPA/600/J-
89/181
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v101
p390-398 Dec 89. Sponsored by Northrop Services,
Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The intent of the study was to determine the effect of
intermittent, acute, and subchronic p(bar)-xylene expo-
sure on the axonal transport of proteins and glycopro-
teins within the rat retinofugal tract. A number of differ-
ent exposure regimens were tested ranging from 50
ppm for a single 6-hr exposure to 1600 ppm 6 hr/day,
5 days/week, for a total of 8 exposure days. Immedi-
ately following removal from the inhalation chambers
rats were injected intraocularly with (35S)methionine
and (3H)fucose (to label retina! proteins and glycopro-
teins, respectively) and the axonal transport of labeled
macromolecules to axons (optic nerve and optic tract)
and nerve endings (lateral geniculate body and superi-
or colllculus) was examined 20 hr after precursor injec-
tion. Only relatively severe exposure regimens (i.e.,
800 or 1600 ppm 6 hr/day, 5 days/week, for 1.5
weeks) produced significant reductions in axonal
transport; there was a moderate reduction in the
axonal transport of 35S-labeled proteins in the 800-
ppm-treated group which was more widespread in the
1600 ppm-treated group. Transport of 3H-labeled gly-
coproteins was less affected. (Copyright (c) 1989 by
Academic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Retina, 'Xylenes, 'Toxicology, 'Electro-
physiology, Rats, Graphs(Charts), Reprints, 'Neurog-
lia, Axons, Biological transport.
EB9S:21|J93/HSU	pc A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Neonatal Sympathectomy Compromises Develop-
ment of Responses of Ornithine Decarboxylase to
Hormonal Stimulation In Peripheral Tissues. Jour-
nal article.
Phamiac'T Medical Center' Durham, NC. Dept. of
Q. C. Hou, J. P. Eylers, S. E. Lappi, R. J. Kavlock, and
T. A. Slotkin. C1989,6p EPA/600/J-89/380
Grant EPA-R-813769
°' Development Physiology, v12 p189-192
1989. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
The onset of sympathetic innervation has been shown
to play a role in the development of postsynaptic reac-
tivity to stimulation. In the current study, whether this
relationship extends to responses evoked by hormonal
stimuli was examined. Rats denervated at birth by 6-
hydroxydopamine treatment showed an impaired abili-
ty of vasopressin or angiotensin to stimulate cardiac
ornithine decarboxylase activity. In the kidney, respon-
siveness was affected only for vasopressin and in the
lung denervation had only transient effects on the hor-
monal responses. The results confirm that sympathet-
ic input is required for proper development of some,
but not all hormonal responses; the tissue specificity
suggests a role of neural factors selective for cardiac
development. (Copyright (c) Oxford University Press
1989.)
Keywords: 'Hormones, Kidney, Heart, Lung, Angioten-
sin, Vasopressin, Graphs(Charts), Reprints, 'Chemical
sympathectomy, 'Ornithine decarboxylase, Newborn
animals, Denervation, Hydroxydopamines.
PB90-216201/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Development of the Linkage of Beta-Adrenerglc
Receptors to Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Rate
Control: Neonatal Sympathectomy with 6-Hydrox-
ydopamlne. Journal article.
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC. Dept. of
Pharmacology.	.
Q c Hou, F. J. Seidler, and T. A. Slotkin. c1989,9p
EPA/600/J-89/379
Grant EPA-R-813769	„,nK
Pub. in Jnl. of Developmental Physiology, vl1 p305-
311 May 89. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Presynaptic neural projections are thought to partici-
pate in the maturation of postsynaptic sensitivity to
neurotransmitters. In the current study, the effects of
sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine on the on-
togeny of the linkage of beta-adrenergic receptors to
cardiac growth and heart rate control in the rat have
been examined. Destruction of sympathetic projec-
tions at birth compromised the ability of beta-receptor
stimulation to evoke cardiac hypertrophy, a defect
which persisted into young adulthood. The chronotro-
pic response to beta-receptor activation, assessed by
acute challenge with a submaximally-effective dose of
isoproterenol, also exhibited a slowed development,
but did eventually achieve normal sensitivity. In con-
trast, neonatal sympathectomy had only minor effects
on resting heart rate, basal heart rate (the intrinsic rate
in the absence of autonomic input) or maximal heart
rate; these animals also showed beta-receptor desen-
sitization of chronotropic action in response to chronic
isoproterenol treatment. (Copyright (c) Oxford Univer-
sity Press 1989.)
Keywords: 'Hypertrophy, 'Heart diseases, 'Heart
rate, Body weight, Nerve cells, Graphs(Charts), Re-
prints, 'Hydroxydopamines, 'Adrenergic beta recep-
tors, 'Chemical sympathectomy. Newborn animals,
Organ weight, Isoproterenol.
PB90-216219/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Role of Sympathetic Neurons in Development of
Beta-Adrenerglc Control of Ornithine Decarboxy-
lase Activity In Peripheral Tissues: Effects of
Neonatal 6-Hydroxydopamlne Treatment. Journal
article.
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC. Dept. of
Pharmacology.
Q. C. Hou, F. E. Baker, F. J. Seidler, M. Bartolome, and
J. Bartolome. C1989,11p EPA/600/J-89/378
Grant EPA-R-813769
Pub. in Jnl. of Developmental Physiology, v11 p138-
146 Mar 89. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Sympathetic neurons are thought to regulate the de-
velopment of their postsynaptic targets. In the current
study, the effects of sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydo-
pamine in neonatal rats on the ontogeny of beta-re-
ceptor binding sites and their linkage to both cyclic
AMP production and ornithine decarboxylase activity
were examined. Cardiac norepinephrine levels and
turnover were used to confirm the completeness and
permanence of the lesion. The ability of isoproterenol,
a beta-adrenergic agonist, to stimulate ornithine decar-
boxylase (a growth-related enzyme) in heart, lung and
kidney, was reduced by neonatal sympathectomy; the
effect persisted into young adulthood. The effect rep-
resented a selective uncoupling of enzyme activity
from receptor activation as receptor binding capabili-
ties were unaffected and the linkage of beta-receptors
to cyclic AMP was enhanced. Comparison of the ef-
fects of peripheral sympathectomy with those of cen-
tral lesions (intracisternal 6-hydroxydopamine) con-
firmed the importance of sympathetic nerve terminals
in determining the coupling of the receptors to orni-
thine decarboxylase.
Keywords: 'Sympathetic nervous system, 'Biochemis-
try, Graphs(Charts), Rats, Norepinephrine, Myocardi-
um, Reprints, 'Chemical sympathectomy, 'Ornithine
decarboxylase, 'Hydroxydopamines, 'Beta adrenergic
receptors, Isoproterenol, Newborn animals.
PB90-216227/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Prenatal Dexamethasone Administration Disrupts
the Pattern of Cellular Development In Rat Lung.
Journal article.
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC. Dept. of
Pharmacology.
H. A. Navarro, E. M. Kudtacz, J. P. Eylers, and T. A.
Slotkin. c1989,8p EPA/600/ J-89/377
Grant EPA-R-813769
Pub. in Teratology, v40 p433-438 Nov 89. Sponsored
by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
To examine whether prenatal exposure to glucocorti-
coids could adversely affect subsequent cellular devel-
opment of the lung, the authors administered 0.2 mg/
kg of dexamethasone to pregnant rats on gestational
days 17, 18, and 19. Lungs of the offspring were then
examined for patterns of cell acquisition (DNA) and
growth (protein). DNA concentration (a marker of cell
packing density) and DNA content (a measure of total
cell numbers) were reduced during gestation, and the
shortfalls in concentration persisted past weaning. Dis-
ruption of development was also apparent in the pro-
tein/DNA ratio, which was consistently elevated, a
finding consistent with cellular hypertrophy. In addition,
lung ornithine decarboxylase became coupled to beta-
adrenergic receptors prematurely in the dexametha-
sone group, suggesting that neural control of tissue
differentiation is altered. These data indicate that pre-
natal glucocorticoids may compromise lung develop-
ment through effects on cell replication and differentia-
tion, which derive, in part, from alterations in the recep-
tion of trophic neural signals. (Copyright (c) 1989 Alan
R. Liss, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Lung, 'Toxicology, Graphs(Charts), Deox-
yribonucleic acids, Rats, Proteins, Gestation, Cell divi-
sion. Reprints, 'Dexamethasone, 'Prenatal exposure
delayed effects, Organ weight, Ornithine decarboxy-
lase, Beta adrenergic receptors, Cell differentiation,
Isoproterenol.
PB90-216235/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.	^
Effects of Prenatal Dexamethasone or Terbutaline
Exposure on Development of Neursl and Intrinsic
Control of Heart Rate. Journal article.
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC. Dept. of
Pharmacology.
Q. C. Hou, and T. A. Slotkin. c1989,6p EPA/600/J-
OQ/07C
Grant EPA-R-813769
Pub. in International Pediatric Research Foundation
Inc., v26 n6 p554-557 Dec 89. Sponsored by Health
Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The study compares the effects of prenatal exposure
to terbutaline (a beta-adrenergic agonist) and dexa-
methansone (a glucocorticoid) on the development of
heart rate control mechanisms in the rat. Both drugs
produced a persistent reduction in resting heart rate
appearing during the 2nd postnatal wk, but by different
mechanisms. Terbutaline affected the development of
autonomic input from the CNS, characterized by a pre-
mature shift from sympathetic to parasympathetic
dominance; thus, heart rate differences between ter-
butaline-exposed animals and controls resolved with
acute treatment with a ganglionic blocking agent
(chlorisondamine). Dexamethasone did not alter
neural input to the myocardium (its actions were not re-
versed by ganglionic blockade), but instead reduced
the intrinsic heart rate; the prenatal glucocorticoid
treatment also reduced the sensitivity of the mydocar-
dium to beta-adrenergic stimulation, a factor that could
contribute to the alterations in intrinsic rate. (Copyright
(c) 1989 International Pediatric Research Foundation
Inc.)	'
Keywords: 'Heart rate, 'Parasympathetic nervous
system, 'Sympathetic nervous system
Graphs(Charts), Body weight, Reprints, 'Prenatal ex-
posure delayed effects, Terbutaline, 'Dexametha-
sone, Adrenergic beta receptor blockaders.
PB90-21A243/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
PbtR NC
Health Effects of Ozone: A Critical Review. Journal
article.
New York Univ. Medical Center, Tuxedo Park. Inst of
Environmental Medicine.
M. Lippmann. C1989,26p EPA/600/ J-89/375
Grant EPA-R-811563
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association v39
n5 p672-695 May 89. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Health and pollution control professionals and the
general public need to develop a more complete un-
derstanding of the health effects of ozone (03) be-
cause it has not been possible to significantly reduce
ambient 03 levels using current strategies and control
In areas occupied by more than half of the US pooutah
tion, current peak ambient 03 concentrations are suffi-
cient to elicit measurable transient changes in tuna
function, respiratory symptoms, and airway inflamma-
tion In healthy people engaged in normal outdoor exer-
cise and recreational activities; the effects of OSon
transient functional changes are sometimes greatly
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
potentiated by the presence of other environmental
variables; and emulative structural damage occurs in
rats and monkeys exposed repetitively to 03 at levels
within currently occurring ambient peaks, and initial
evidence from dosimetry models and interspecies
comparisons indicate that humans are likely to be
more sensitive to 03 than rats. The extent and signifi-
cance of these effects, and the multibillion dollar costs
of ambient 03 controls need to be considered in any
future revisions of ambient standards and the Clean
Air Act. The transient effects of 03 are more closely
related to cumulative daily exposure than to one hour
peak concentrations, and future revisions of the ambi-
ent standard for 03 should take this into account.
(Copyright (c) 1989 Air & Waste Management Associa-
tion.)
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Public health, Lung, Exposure,
Dosimetry, Respiratory system, Exercise(Physiology),
Performance, Reprints, 'Air pollution effects(Humans),
'Clean Air Act.
PB90-216250/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Long-Term Effects of Trlethylenemelamlne Expo-
sure on Mouae Testis Cell* and Sperm Chromatin
Structure Assayed by Flow Cytometry. Journal ar-
ticle.
South Dakota State Univ., Brookings. Dept. of Chemis-
try.
D. P. Evenson, R. K. Baer, and L. K. Jost. C1989,13p
EPA/600/J-89/374
Grant EPA-R-810991
Pub. in Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis,
v14 p79-89 Aug 89. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The toxic and potentially mutagenic actions of triethy-
lenemelamine (TEM) on mouse body and testis
weights, testicular cell kinetics, sperm production,
sperm head morphology, and sperm chromatin struc-
ture were assessed in two experiments. The first ex-
periment examined effects of four dose levels of TEM,
assayed 1, 4, and 10 wk after toxic exposure. In the
second study, effects from five dosage levels were
measured at 1, 4, and 10 wk, and the highest dosage
level was evaluated over 44 wk. TEM produced an ex-
pected dose related loss of spermatogenlc activity and
subsequent recovery as determined by dual-parame-
ter (DNA, RNA) flow cytometry (FCM) measurements
of testicular cells.
Keywords: 'Testis, 'Toxicity, Qraphs(Charts), Mice,
Exposure, Body weight, Alkylating agents, Reprints,
•Spermatozoa, 'Chromatin, 'Flow cytometry, 'Trieth-
ylenemelamine, 'Mutagenicity tests, Organ weight,
Acridine orange.
PB90-216268/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Mobilization of Aviation Gasoline from a Residual
Source. Journal article.
Traverse Group, Inc., Ann Arbor, Ml.
D. W. Ostendorf, D. H. Kampbell, J. T. Wilson, and J. H.
Sammons. C1989,9p EPA/600/J-89/354
Contract DW-69932600
Pub. in Research Jnl. of WPCF (Water Pollution Con-
trol Federation), v81 n11-12 p1684-1690 Nov-Dec 89.
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK., Coast Guard, Washington, DC., and
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Environmental and Ground
Water Inst.
A simple one-dimensional model describes the mobili-
zation of 90 cu m of residual aviation gasoline from an
80-m diameter, 0.306-m thick contaminated soil mass
at the US Coast Guard Air Station in Traverse City,
Michigan. Originally deposited under a paved ground
surface in December 1969, the bound product is
thought to be entrained as a separate phase by epi-
sodic incursions of the water table in the assumed ab-
sence of dissolution, biodegradation, and volatilization.
The coupled transport processes of storage, advec-
tlon, and water table flushing govern the gasoline con-
centration subject to a presumed linear sorption rela-
tion between mobilized and stationary residual phases.
A retardation factor of 13.1 calibrates soil-core data
taken at the site from August 1987 to December 1988,
with a standard deviation of 26%, indicating a reason-
able degree of accuracy. The present position of the
leading edge of contamination endorses the calibrated
retardation factor value as well.
Keywords: "Aviation gasoline, 'Mathematical models,
'Water pollution, 'Soil analysis, Ground water, Weath-
ering, Residues, Calibrating, Sampling, Drill core analy-
sis, Plumes, Sorption, Retarding, Water table, Calibrat-
ing, Biodeterioration, Vaporizing, Reprints, 'Gas spills,
'Environmental transport, 'Land pollution, 'Traverse
City(Michigan), US Coast Guard, Environmental per-
sistence.
PB90-216276/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Microbial Degradation of Nitrogen, Oxygen and
Sulfur Heterocyclic Compounds under Anaerobic
Conditions: Studies with Aquifer Samples. Journal
article.
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Dept. of Botany and Micro-
biology.
E. P. Kuhn, and J. M. Suflita. c1989,12p EPA/600/J-
89/353
Contract EPA-R-813559
Pub. In Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v8
n12 p1149-1158 Dec 89. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr
Environmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
The potential for anaerobic biodegradation of 12 heter-
ocyclic model compounds was studied. Nine of the
model compounds were biotransformed in aquifer slur-
ries under sulfate-reducing or methanogenic condi-
tions. The nitrogen and oxygen heterocyclic com-
pounds were more susceptible to anaerobic biodegra-
dation than those compounds containing a sulfur de-
teroatom. In contrast, only small amounts of methane
were detected in aquifer slurries amended with com-
pounds containing an oxygen heteroatom, even
though a decrease in the parent substrate concentra-
tion occurred. Pyridine, 2-picoline and 4-picoline were
biotransformed within three months under sulfate-re-
ducing conditions. However, longer incubation times
were required for the degradation of these substrates
in methanogenic aquifer slurries. A literature survey re-
veals the widespread contamination of ground waters
with heterocyclic compounds from waste management
practice and fossil-fuel-related industries.
Keywords: 'Aquifers, 'Biodeterioration, 'Anaerobic
processes, 'Hazardous materials, 'Water pollution,
'Heterocyclic compounds, Ground water, Sewage, In-
dustrial wastes, Waste disposal, Pesticides, Sulfur het-
erocyclic compounds, Nitrogen heterocyclic com-
pounds, Oxygen heterocyclic compounds, Sulfate re-
ducing bacteria, Reprints, 'Environmental transport,
Environmental effects, Methane bacteria, Land pollu-
tion, Waste management.
PB90-216284/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Abiotic Dehalogenatlon of 1,2-Dlchloroetlune and
1,2-Dlbromoethane In Aqueous Solution Contain-
ing Hydrogen Sulfide. Journal article.
Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
J. E. Barbash, and M. Reinhard. c1989,12p EPA/600/
J-89/352
Contract EPA-R-812462
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v23
n11 p1349-1358 Nov 89. Sponsored by Roberts. Kerr
Environmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
The detection of significant levels of halogenated ali-
phatic contaminants in groundwater resources in the
United States has spurred a considerable effort to un-
derstand the various mechanisms-both microbiologi-
cal and abiotic-by which these compounds may be
transformed. In aerobic environments, the abiotic re-
actions that predominate are elimination of hydrogen
halide (dehydrohalogenation) and nucleophilic substi-
tution by H20 (hydrolysis). Little research has exam-
ined the rates and pathways of abiotic reactions that
may be significant under hypoxic conditions. The de-
halogenatlon of 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) and 1,2-
dibromoethane (EDB) in phosphate buffer was exam-
ined alone, and in phosphate buffer containing hydro-
gen sulfide. Kinetic runs were conducted at pH 7 over
the temperature range from 25 to 87.5 C. Phosphate
buffer catalyzed the hydrolysis of both 1,2-SCA and
EDB. This catalysis was attributed to the buffer anion
HP04(2-). The rate laws for these transformations ex-
hibit the following form: -d(RX)/dt=(K(sup 1)(sub H)
+ K(sub HS(-))(HS(-)) + K(sub HP04(2-)(HP04(2-
))(RX) where RX denotes either 1,2-DCA or EDB, and
the rate constants correspond to the overall reactions.
Keywords: 'Water chemistry, 'Water pollution, 'Nu-
cleophilic reactions, * Dehydrohalogenation,
•Buffers(Chemistry), Ground water, Reaction kinetics,
Hydrogen sulfide, Inorganic phosphates, Aerobic proc-
esses, Hydrolysis, Sample preparation, pH, Catalysis,
Reprints, 'Ethane/dichloro, 'Ethane/dibromo, Chemi-
cal reaction mechanisms, Ion chromatography.
PB90-216292/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Toxicity of Vertical Sediments In the Trenton
Channel, Detroit River, Michigan, to 'Chlronomus
tentans' (Insects: Chironomldae). Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
C. J. Rosiu, J. P. Giesy, and R. G. Kreis. C1989,12p
EPA/600/J-89/346
Pub. in Jnl. Great Lakes Research, v15 n4 p570-580
1989. Prepared in cooperation with Michigan State
Univ., East Lansing. Pesticide Research Center.
The objective of the study was to determine the effects
of sediment from various sediment core depths on sur-
vival and weight gain of larvae of the dipteran midge,
Chironomus tentans, during 10-d laboratory expo-
sures. Sediment cores were collected from 12 sites in
the Trenton Channel of the Detroit River in 1987 and
sectioned into 5-cm intervals to a depth of 25 cm. Per-
cent reductions in larval weight gain, relative to that in
control sediment, were calculated for each interval.
Two sites were classified as very toxic, three sites as
toxic, three sites as slightly toxic, and four sites as
good quality benthic habitat. The utility of sediment
core toxicity profiling and the C. tentans bioassay for
three-dimensional sediment quality assessment are
discussed, as well as comparisons between the results
of laboratory assays and field surveys of benthic ma-
croinvertebrates. The assay results are used to esti-
mate the volume of toxic sediment at eight sites and
determine the costs of dredging and disposal of the
toxic sediments. Preliminary estimates of remedial ac-
tions were developed to achieve several levels of miti-
gation of the toxicity of sediment to macrozoobenthic
populations in the Trenton Channel.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, "Diptera, 'Sediments, Larvae,
Bioassay, Invertebrates, Tables(Data), Great Lakes
Region, Reprints, 'Water pollution effects(Animals),
'Chironomus tentans.
PB90-216300/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Identifying Vulnerable Surface Water Utilities.
Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. M. Clark, W. M. Grayman, R. M. Males, and R.
Kilgore. C1989,10p EPA/600/J-89/357
Although industrial discharges from point sources are
regulated by the Federal Water Pollution Control Acts,
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES), some toxic pollutants continue to be dis-
charged into surface waters. Frequently these same
surface waters are major sources of drinking water.
The Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments have speci-
fied a large number of new contaminant levels, (MCLs)
at the microgram per liter level. It is possible that many
water utilities finding that these new MCLs are violated
will seek to identify upstream dischargers and request
that regulatory agencies force them to install dis-
charge controls rather than pay for expensive water
treatment processes. The study reported in the paper
documents the development of a data base manage-
ment system and a water quality modeling approach
that allows drinking water utilities to assess the impact
of these upstream discharges on raw water quality.
The report makes recommendations to USEPA for
modifying its NPDES procedures.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Surface waters, 'Water
pollution, Rivers, Sources, Drinking water, Regula-
tions, Toxicity, Stream flow, Water quality, Control
equipment. Data processing, Mathematical models,
•Water utilities, Dischargefwater), Data base manage-
ment.
PB90-216318/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Field Experience with Point-of-Use Treatment
Systems for Arsenic Removal. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
K. R. Fox. C1989,10p EPA/600/ J-89/356
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Point-of-use treatment devices can be effective for in-
organic contaminant removal. The paper describes
work that was done investigating point-of-use treat-
ment systems for arsenic removal in Alaska and
Oregon. Small treatment systems utilizing individual
activated alumina, ion exchange, and reverse osmosis
treatment techniques were field tested on water natu-
rally contaminated with arsenic. The treatment sys-
tems were used on waters containing arsenic concen-
tration ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 mg/L and were suc-
cessful in lowering the effluent arsenic concentration
to below the maximum contaminant level of 0.05 mg/
L. The treatment systems were located in private
homes (two in Alaska, two in Oregon) and were in op-
eration for two to four years.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, "Arsenic, "Potable
water, Osmosis, Alaska, Oregon, Water supply, State
government, Cost analysis, Aluminum oxides, Field
tests, Timing devices, Houses, Water quality, Anion ex-
changing, Reprints, "Point of use treatment, "Physical
treatment, Activated alumina.
PB90-216326/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Nonphotosynthetic Pigmented Bacteria In a Pota-
ble Water Treatment and Distribution System.
Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research Div.
D. J. Reasoner, J. C. Blannon, E. E. Geldreich, and J.
Barnick. C1989,12p EPA/600/ J-89/355
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v55
n4 Apr 89.
The occurrence of pigmented bacteria in potable water
from raw source water through treatment to distribu-
tion water, including dead-end locations, was com-
pared at sample sites in a large municipal water
system. Media used to enumerate heterotrophic bac-
teria and differentiate pigmented colonies were stand-
ard method plate count (SPC), m-SPC, and R2A agars,
incubated up to 7 days at 35C. The predominant pig-
mented bacteria at most sample locations were yellow
a. .i?ra[!®e' ,a small incidence of pink organisms
at the flowing distribution site. Seasonal variations
were seen, with the yellow and orange organisms shift-
ing in dominance. SPC agar was the lease productive
medium for both heterotroph counts and pigmented
bacteria differentiation. High levels of pigmented bac-
teria could pose an increased health risk to immunolo-
gically compromised individuals. Therefore, the bacte-
rial quality of the distribution water should be con-
trolled to prevent the development of high concentra-
tions of heterotrophic plate count bacteria, including
the pigmented forms.
Keywords: "Microbiology, "Potable water, "Bacteria,
Distribution systems, "Water pollution, Municipalities,
Growth, Culture media, Seasonal variations, Monitor-
ing, Temperature, Correlation, Reprints, Standard
plate counts, Heterophic plate count bacteria.
PB90-216334/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
5??ST!C!. £ °' SITE Demonstration of the
Stabilization Process at the Douglass-
vllle, Pennsylvania Superfund Site. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
P. R. de Percin. c1989,8p EPA/600/J-89/325
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air and Waste Management Associa-
tion, p282-286 Mar 89.
One technology field tested under the SITE research
program was the HAZCON stabilization process. This
process treats the waste by mixing it with portland
cement, water (if needed) and chloranan, a proprietary
chemical. By comparing the chemical and physical
properties of the waste before and after treatment, this
field demonstration developed data on the strength
and leaching potential expected after treatment from a
range of waste characteristics. Six wastes at the Doug-
lassville, PA Superfund Site, containing up to 25% or-
aanics and 2% lead, were treated and evaluated. The
physical strength (200 to 1500 psi) and durability, i.e.,
long-term stability, of the stabilized wastes were good.
Even in wastes with high levels of organics (25%), sta-
bilization of lead was very successful. Leaching results
determined that lead concentrations dropped by fac-
tors between 100 and 1000 after treatment. Stabiliza-
tion of organics, however, achieved mixed results.
Leachate concentrations generally did ctangabe-
tween treated and untreated samples. It could not be
determined if this was a failure of the treatment proc-
1578 Vol. 90, No. 24
ess or an anomaly of the test procedure. (Copyright (c)
1989 Air & Waste Management Association.)
Keywords: "Waste treatment, "Stabilization, "Solidifi-
cation, "Hazardous materials, Portland cement, Chem-
ical properties. Physical properties, Field tests, Sam-
pling, Design criteria, Mobile equipment, Economic
analysis, Sites, Lead(Metal), Leaching, Performance
evaluation, Waste disposal, Reprints, "Superfund In-
novative Technology Evaluation, "Encapsulation,
"Land pollution, "Cleanup operations, Demonstration
programs,	HAZCON	process,
Douglassville(Pennsylvania), Chloranan.
PB90-216342/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Comparison of Indices That Describe the Rela-
tionship between Exposure to Ozone and Reduc-
tion in the Yield of Agricultural Crops. Journal arti-
cle.
Boyce Thompson Inst, for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY.
A. S. Lefohn, J. A. Laurence, and R. J. Kohut. c1988,
14p EPA/600/J-88/513
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v22 n6 p1229-1240
1988. Prepared in cooperation with A.S.L. and Associ-
ates, Helena, MT. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmen-
tal Research Lab., OR.
The objective of the study is to compare the use of
several indices of exposure in describing the relation-
ship between 03 and reduction in agricultural crop
yield. No attempt has been made to determine which
exposure-response models best fit the data sets ex-
amined. Hourly mean 03 concentration data, based on
two-three measurements per hour, were used to de-
velop indices of exposure from soybean and winter
wheat experiments conducted in open-top chambers
at the Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY NCLAN
field site. The comparative efficacy of cumulative indi-
ces (i.e. number of occurrences equal to or above spe-
cific hourly mean concentrations, sum of all hourly
mean concentrations equal to or above a selected
level, and the weighted sum of all hourly mean concen-
trations) and means calculated over an experimental
period to describe the relationship between exposure
to 03 and reductions in the yield of agricultural crops
was evaluated. None of the exposure indices consist-
ently provided a best fit with the Weibull and linear
models tested. The selection of the model appears to
be important in determining the indices that best de-
scribe the relationship between exposure and re-
sponse.
Keywords: "Ozone, "Exposure, "Farm crops, "Air pol-
lution, Concentration(Composition), Soybean plants,
Wheat plants, Yield, Monitoring, Indicator species,
Controlled atmospheres, Response, Mathematical
models, Comparison, Evaluation, Reprints, Air pollu-
tion effects(Plants).
PB90-216359/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effects of Ozone on the Regrowth and Ensrgy
Reserves of s Ladlno Clover-Tall Fescue Pasture.
Journal article.
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
J. Rebbeck, U. Blum, and A. S. Heagle. C1988,24p
EPA/600/J-88/511
Pub. in Jnl. of Applied Ecology 25, p659-681 1988.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
A ladino clover and tall fescue pasture was established
in September 1983 to determine the impact of ozone
and available soil moisture on plants grown in open-
top field chambers and exposed for 12 h daily to ozone
(03) from April through October In 1984 and 1985.
Samples were removed periodically to measure
above- and below-ground biomass and energy re-
serves of the clover and fescue. At the final harvest,
clover was the dominant species in below-ambient 03
while fescue was the dominant species at ambient and
above-ambient 03 concentrations. Ladino clover
shoot and root biomass was reduced by 03 for all har-
vest when compared to clover grown in the charcoal-
fiitered-air. Statistically-significant 03 effects were ob-
served on clover shoots prior to roots. For most har-
vests, the energy reserves of ladino clover roots were
suppressed by Increasing 03 concentrations. Clover
shoot starch levels were not greatly affected by 03 or
moisture.
Keywords: 'Ozone, "Grasses, Soil water, Biomass,
Growth(Biology), Graphs(Charts), Seasonal variations,
Tables(Data), Reprints, 'Air pollution effects(Plants),
Roots.
PB90-216367/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Forest Response Program: National Research on
Forest Decline and Air Pollution. Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
P. Schroeder, and A. R. Kiester. c1989,9p EPA/600/
J-89/323
Pub. in Jnl. of Forestry, v87 n1 p27-32 Jan 89. Pre-
pared in cooperation with NSI Technology Services
Corp., Corvallis, OR., and Northrop Services, Inc./En-
vironmental Sciences, Corvallis, OR.
The Forest Response Program (FRP) is a major re-
search undertaking. The involvement of the Forest
Service, the Environmental Protection Agency, and the
broader scientific community gives the program a
unique blend of perspectives and talents that is imper-
ative to achieve the program's goal. A central chal-
lenge is to integrate results from fundamentally differ-
ent kinds of research. Although the FRP will no longer
exist in its present form after 1990, both the Forest
Service and the Environmental Protection Agency are
intent on continuing active acid rain research programs
and expanding into important new areas. Two emerg-
ing issues are the effects of global climate change and
of increased ultraviolet radiation resulting from strato-
spheric ozone depletion.
Keywords: 'Research projects, 'Forestry, 'Air pollu-
tion, Damage, Losses, Acidification, Objectives, Gov-
ernment policies. Research program administration,
Reprints, Forest Response Program, Acid rain.
PB90-216375/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.
Effects of Long-Term Ozone Exposure and Soil
Moisture Deficit on Growth of a Ladino Clover-
Tall Fescue Pasture. Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A. S. Heagle, J. Rebbeck, S. R. Shafer, U. Blum, and
W. W. Heck. C1988,11p EPA/600/J-88/512
Pub. in Phytopathology, v79 n2 p128-136 1988. Pre-
pared in cooperation with North Carolina State Univ. at
Raleigh. Sponsored by Department of Agriculture
Washington, DC.	'
Most field studies relating seasonal ozone (03) expo-
sure to crop yield have been performed in the absence
of plant moisture stress. The authors examined the re-
sponse of a mixture of ladino clover and tall fescue to
chronic doses of 03 at two soil-moisture levels over
two growing seasons. The soil-moisture treatments,
obtained by differential irrigation, were well-watered or
water-stressed. A soil-moisture deficit occurred inter-
mittently in water-stressed plots during both seasons
Shoots were harvested when plants reached a height
of 20-25 cm. Total forage yield in the water stressed
plots was 12-14% less than that in the well-watered
plots. Clover was much more sensitive than fescue to
03. The decrease in total forage yield and decreased
quality caused by decreased growth of clover suggest
a need for ladino clover lines that are tolerant to 03.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Soil water, 'Plant growth,
'Forage grasses. Acclimatization, Yield, Field tests'
Seasonal variations, Tolerances(Physiology), Expo^
sure, Irrigation, Assessments, Reprints, Trifolium
repens, Festuca arundinacea.
PB90-216383/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Regional Relationships between GeomorpMc/Hy-
drologlc Parameters and Surface Water Chemis-
try Relative to Acidic Deposition. Journal article
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
B. P. Rochelle, C. I. Liff, W. G. Campbell, D. L. Cassell
and M. R. Church. c1989,20p EPA/600/ J-89/348 '
Pub. in Jnl. of Hydrology, v112 p103-120 1989 Pre-
pared in cooperation with FTN Associates, Little Roc*
AR„ NSI Technology Services Corp., Corvallis. OR '
and Utah State Univ., Logan.
The authors determined geomorphic and hydiologic
Rarameters for 144 forested, lake watersheds in the
ortheast (NE) of the United States based primarily on
measurements from topographic maps. These param-
eters were used to test for relationships with selected
surface water chemistry relevant to acidic deposition
Analyses were conducted on regional and subreaionai
scales delineated based on soils, land use, physloara
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
selected geomorphic/hydrologic parameters. Signifi-
cant relationships were found among the geomorphic/
hydrologic parameters and the surface water chemis-
try for the NE. Elevation had the most significant rela-
tionship with surface water chemistry, particularly in
the mountainous areas of the NE. Other factors occur-
ring consistently as significant predictors of surface
water chemistry were maximum relief, relief ratio,
runoff, and estimates of basin elongation. Results sug-
gest that elevational parameters might be surrogates
for other watershed characteristics, such as soils or
spatial deposition patterns.(Copyright (c) 1989 Else-
vier Science Publishers B.V.)
Keywords: "Surface waters, "Water chemistry, "Acidi-
fication, "Deposition, "Water pollution, "Hydrology,
"Geomorphology, Topographic maps, Stratification,
Watersheds, Sulfur, Statistical analysis, pH, Terrain,
Air water interactions, Air pollution, Soil surveys, Re-
Brints, "Northeast Region(United States), Acid rain,
lirect/Delayed Response Project, Regional analysis,
Water runoff.
PB90-216391/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Some Results from the Demonstration of Indoor
Radon Reduction Measure* in Block Basement
Houses. Journal article Jun 85-Feb 87.
American ATCON, Inc., Wilmington, DE.
D. B. Henschel, and A. G. Scott. c1989,8p EPA/600/
J-89/327
Contract EPA-68-02-4203
Pub. in Environment International, v15 p265-270 1989.
See also PB87-176426. Presented at the International
Conference on Indoor Air (4th), Berlin, Germany,
August 1987. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research LaD.
The paper gives results of tests of active soil ventila-
tion techniques in 24 block-wall basement houses in
eastern Pennsylvania having significantly elevated
indoor radon concentrations, generally above 740 Bq/
cu m. The results indicate that radon levels can be re-
duced substantially (often below the U.S. EPA guide-
line of 148 Bq/cu m) if effective suction can be drawn
on the soil underneath the concrete slabs of these
houses. Such effective suction appears achievable
when either: (1) the house has a complete loop of
drain tile around its footings for water drainage pur-
poses, and suction is drawn on that loop; or (2) a suffi-
cient number of suction pipes can be inserted at the
proper locations into the crushed rock or soil under-
neath the slab.
Keywords: "Radon, "Residential buildings, "Pollution
control,	Soils,	Ventilation,
Concentratlon(Composltion), Vacuum equipment,
Concrete slabs, Drain tiles, Footings, Stationary
sources, Soil gases.
PB90-216409/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Measurement of Organic Compound Emissions
Using Small Test Chambers. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
B. A. Tichenor. c1980,10p EPA/600/ J-89/328
Pub. in Environment International, v15 p389-3961989.
Presented at the International Conference on Indoor
Air (4th), Berlin, Germany, August 17-21,1987.
The paper discusses the measurement of organic
emissions from a variety of Indoor materials, using
small (166 liter) environmental test chambers. The fol-
lowing materials were tested: adhesives, caulks,
pressed wood products, floor waxes, paints, and solid
insecticides. For each material, chamber concentra-
tion of organics has been determined for a range of en-
vironmental conditions (e.g., air exchange rate, tem-
perature, and relative humidity). Various product load-
ing ratios (area of sample/volume of chamber) have
also been Investigated. Emission rates for individual
organic compounds, as well as total measured organ-
ics, were calculated. The effects of environmental vari-
ables on emission rates have been evaluated. Models
are used to evaluate the effect of chamber walls and
concentration on emission rates.
Keywords: "Organic compounds. "Air pollution con-
trol, Tests, Measurement, Emission, Controlled atmos-
pheres, Adhesives, Pressboards, Wood products,
Paints, Waxes, Insecticides, Experimental design,
Concentration(Compo8ition), Air flow, Temperature,
Humidity, Models, Sources, "Indoor air pollution, Emis-
sion rates.
PB90-216433/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Emissions and Cost Estimates for Globally Signifi-
cant Anthropogenic Combustion Sources of NOx,
N20, CH4, CO, and C02. Final rept. Apr 87-Jan 90.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
S. D. Piccot, J. A. Buzun, and H. C. Frey. May 90,125p
EPA/600/7-90-010
Contract EPA-68-02-4288
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report discusses the development of emission
factors for C02, CO, CH4, NOx, and N20 for about 80
globally significant combustion sources in seven
source categories: utility, industrial, fuel production,
transportation, residential, commercial, and kilns/
ovens/dryers. Because of the lack of adequate inter-
national dala, the emission factors for most sources
are based on U.S. performance, cost, and emissions
data. Data on C02, CO, and NOx were available for
over 90% of the sources studied: on CH4, for about
80%; and on N20, for only about 10%. Emission
factor quality ratings were developed to indicate the
overall adequacy of the supporting data. Evaluation of
the emission factors for the seven source categories
(taking the five gases as an aggregate for each cate-
gory) showed that the kilns/ovens/dryers category
had I the lowest overall quality rating.
Keywords: "Emission, "Combustion products, "Air pol-
lution control, Cost estimates, Carbon dioxide, Carbon
monoxide, Methane, Nitrogen oxides, Nitrous oxide,
Public utilities, Industries, Transportation, Ratings,
Kilns, Sources, Stationary sources, Global, Fuel pro-
duction.
PB90-216441/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Evaluation of the E-SOx Process on the EPA Pilot
Electrostatic Precipitator. Final rept. Nov 66-Sep
88.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
L. S. Hovis. May 90,59p EPA/600/7-90/011
The report gives results of a small pilot-scale evalua-
tion of the E-SOx process, undertaken to obtain infor-
mation needed to conduct a planned 5 MWe field pilot
demonstration. The process uses an electrostatic pre-
cipitator (ESP) for combined sulfur dioxide (S02) re-
moval and particulate collection. The concept of spray
drying is introduced to the inlet and/or first section of
the ESP in which electrical components are removed.
Because of the many ESPs at coal-fired power plants,
the process is well suited to retrofitting. Evaluation re-
sults indicate that a 50-60% S02 removal at a calci-
um/sulfur ratio of 1.2-1.4 can be obtained. Further-
more, this S02 reduction can be achieved without de-
grading the particulate emissions event though the
process requires a reduction in the collecting surface
of the ESP. The use of a temperature-controlled elec-
trode precharger to compensate for collecting surface
loss is also described.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Electro-
static precipitators, "Sulfur dioxide, "Particles, "Com-
bustion products, Pilot plants. Spray drying, Perform-
ance evaluation, Sorbents, Electrodes, Temperature
control, E-SOx process, Coal fired power plants, Ret-
rofitting.
PBS0-216458/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Direct/Delayed Response Project; FMd Oper-
ations snd Quality Assurance Report for Water-
shed Mapping in the Mid-Appalachian Region of
the United States.
NSI Technology Services Corp., Corvallis, OR.
J. S. Kern, D. A. Lammers, D. L. Cassell, and W. G.
Campbell. May 90,175p EPA/600/3-90/035
Contract EPA-6fl-C8-0006
Prepared in cooperation with Pacific Northwest Forest
and Range Experiment Station, Corvallis, OR. Forestry
Sciences Lab. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., OR.
The report documents the mapping program of the
Direct/Delayed Response Project in the Mid-Appa-
lachian Region of the United States. The objectives of
the report is to document the planning activities, field
operations, and quality assurance/quality control (QA/
QC) of the mapping. The protocols, QA plan, and soil
legend for the watershed mapping are presented as
appendices.
Keywords: "Watersheds, "Air water interactions,
"Acidity, "Water pollution, "Mapping, "Quality assur-
ance, Quality control, Field tests, Air pollution, Soil sur-
veys, Drainage, Surface waters, Deposition, Geomor-
phology, Land use, Topography, "Direct/Delayed Re-
sponse Project, "Acid rain, "Middle Appalachian
Mountain Region(United States), Bedrock, Regional
analysis, Land pollution, Forests.
PB90-216466/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
Alaskan Oil Spill Bloremsdlatlon Project.
Eastern Research Group, Inc., Arlington, MA.
Aug 89,20p EPA/600/8-89/073
Contract EPA-68-C8-0014
Color illustrations reproduced in black and white.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Center for Environmental Research Infor-
mation.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of
Research and Development entered into a coopera-
tive agreement with the Exxon Company to initiate a
bio-remediation study as part of an effort to clean up
oil on the shorelines of Prince William Sound, Alaska.
The presence of oil was the result of an 11-million
gallon spill of crude oil from the tanker, Exxon Valdez,
on March 24,1989. The study was designed to deter-
mine the feasibility of using nutrients to enhance
microorganisms that live in the waters and sediments
to degrade the oil and, thus, reduce its detrimental ef-
fects. Two types of fertilizer, a water soluble and an
oleophilic, were applied on both physically cleaned
and untreated beach sediments. Several sampling and
field testing methods were used to observe changes in
the composition of the oil, to monitor the movement of
added nutrients in the test beaches, to detect changes
in the number of bacteria present as the test proceed-
ed and to assess the degradation of the oil. Based on
available results of ORD s research, Exxon proposed
to begin bioremediation on nearly 6,000 yards of
shoreline in the Sound. The application began August
1,1969.
Keywords: "Crude oil, "Oil pollution, "Water pollution
control, "Prince William Sound, Feasibility, Nutrients,
Fertilizers, Microorganisms, Sediments, Beaches,
Bacteria, Field tests, Assessments, Degradation,
Alaska, 'Oil spills, Clean up.
PB90-216516/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation Pro-
gram: Progress and Accomplishments, Fiscal
Year 1989. A Third Report to Congress.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Mar 90,83p EPA/540/5-90/001
See also PB89-215214.
This is the third Report to Congress on the Superfund
Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) Program.
The report summarizes the progress, accomplish-
ments, and results of the SITE Program through 1989.
Field demonstrations for eight projects have been
completed since publication of the first report. The
second Report to Congress focuses on the completed
demonstrations and provides performance data and
results. The process used to assess the economic fea-
sibility of each demonstration is presented. The report
describes the progress of the components that were
initiated during the first year of the program and the
two components implemented during the past year.
Another difference between the two reports is that the
second Report to Congress identifies the impediments
encountered during the first 3 years of the program
and describes the refinements that EPA has imple-
mented to address these problems and improve the
effectiveness of the SITE Program.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Waste treatment,
Decision making. Management planning, Forecasting,
Cost analysis, Reviews, Site surveys, Performance
evaluation, Substitutes, Economic analysis, Waste dis-
posal, "Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation
Program, 'Waste management, "Remedial action,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Physical chemical treatment, Environmental monitor-
ing, Technology transfer, Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act of 1986, Technology utilization,
Program management, Physical treatment, Biotech-
nology, Pollution regulations, Demonstration pro-
grams.
PB90-216524/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Proximity of Sanitary Landfills to Wetlands and
Deepwater Habitats: An Evaluation and Compari-
son of 1,153 Sanitary Landfills in 11 States.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
V. W. Lambou, J. M. Kuperberg, J. E. Moerlins, R. C.
Herndon, and R. L. Gebhard. May 90, 79p EPA/600/4-
90/012
Prepared in cooperation with Florida State Univ., Talla-
hassee. Center for Biomedical and Toxicological Re-
search and Hazardous Waste Management, and Na-
tional Wetlands Inventory, St. Petersburg, FL.
Sanitary landfills can cause considerable harm to sen-
sitive ecosystems if they are not properly located, de-
signed, and managed. The purpose of the report is to
evaluate and compare the proximity of 1,153 sanitary
landfills in 11 states (Connecticut, Delaware, Florida,
Georgia, Louisiana, New Jersey, New York, North
Carolina, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Washington) to
wetlands and deepwater habitats (i.e., rivers, lakes,
streams, bays, etc.). The nearness or proximity of the
sanitary landfills to wetlands and deepwater habitats
was determined by drawing three concentric regions
around the point representing the location of each
landfill. The radii of the concentric regions were: 1 /4
mile, 1 /2 mile, and 1 mile. Almost all of the sanitary
landfills are located in or are close to either wetlands
or deepwater habitats.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Waste disposal, 'Water pollu-
tion, Site surveys, Distance, Rivers, Streams, Lakes
Deep water, Comparison, Connecticut, Delaware, Flor-
ida, Georgia, Louisiana, New Jersey, 'Wetlands,
'Habitats, Path of pollutants
PB90-216532/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab,
Assessment of VOC Emissions from Fiberglass
Boat Manufacturing. Final rept.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. B. Stockton, and I. R. Kuo. May 90,101 p EPA/600/
2-90/019
Contract EPA-68-02-4286
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
Rehear hfn§'e	^'r a Energy Engineering
The report presents an assessment of volatile organic
compound (VOC) emissions from fiberglass boat man-
ufacturing. A description of the industry structures is
presented, including estimates of the number of facili-
ties, their size, and geographic distribution. The fiber-
glass boat manufacturing process is described, along
with sources and types of VOC emissions. Model
plants representative of typical facilities are also de-
scribed. Estimates of VOC emissions are presented on
per plant and national bases. VOC emissions from this
industry consist mainly of styrene emission from gel
coating and lamination, and acetone or other solvent
emissions from clean-up activities. Finally, potential
VOC control technologies are evaluated for this indus-
try, including a discussion of technical feasibility. Limit-
ed cost data are also presented.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, 'Industrial wastes,
"Boats, 'Fiberglass reinforced plastics, Sprayers, Ace-
tone, Organic solvents, Polyester resins, Styrene, Eco-
nomic analysis, Distribution(Property), Sites, Lami-
nates, 'Volatile organic compounds, 'Source reduc-
tions, 'Environmental impact assessments, SIC 3732,
Environmental chemical substitutes, Waste recycling.
PB90-216797/HSU	PC A10/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Stationary Source Compliance Div.
Hospital Waste Incinerator Field Inspection and
Source Evaluation Manual.
Midwest Research Inst., Cary, NC.	^
S Smith, S. Schliesser, M. Turner, and S. Edgerton.
Feb 89,223p EPA/340/1-89/001
Contract EPA-68-02-4463
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington. DC. Stationary Source Compliance Div.
1580 Vol. 90, No. 24
The manual summarizes the information necessary for
conducting field inspections of hospital waste inciner-
ators. The manual is intended for use by Federal,
State, and local field inspectors. The document pre-
sents the following information: (a) basic inspection
procedures, (b) descriptions of the types of hospital
waste incinerators, (c) descriptions of air pollution con-
trol systems which might be used on hospital inciner-
ators, and (d) inspection techniques for hospital incin-
erators. Inspection checklists also are provided.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Manuals, "Inciner-
ators, 'Air pollution control equipment. Inspection,
Guidelines, National government, State government,
Local government, Sources, Field tests, Performance
evaluation, Design criteria, Safety, Operating, 'Hospi-
tal wastes, Fugitive emission.
PB90-216821/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Regulation and Policy Matrices: A Guide to the
Rules Governing Grants Awarded under the Con-
struction Grants Program. Update 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Municipal Pollution Control.
Oct 89, 54p
See also report for 1988, PB89-114219.
No abstract available.
Keywords: Guidelines, 'Water pollution control,
"Sewage treatment, 'Regulations, Grants,
TablesfData), Indexes, Revisions, Industrial wastes,
Standards, Cost analysis. Handbooks, Water quality,
'Construction Grants Program, Administration proce-
dures, Sewage sludge.
PB90-216995/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Soil Vapor Extraction VOC Control Technology
Assessment. Final rept.
Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Durham, NC.
Sep 89, 74p EPA/450/4-89/017
Contract EPA-68-02-4393
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
Soil Vapor Extraction (SVE) is an emerging technology
in which volatile organic chemicals (VOC) are extract-
ed from soil through use of a vacuum system. The de-
cision to employ a VOC control system treatment is
largely dependent upon VOC concentrations and ap-
plicable regulations. The selection of a particular VOC
treatment option may be somewhat more complicated
and based upon individual site characteristics. Pacific
Environmental Services, Inc. (PES) was contracted by
the U.S. EPA to investigate and evaluate potential
VOC control techniques for use at SVE sites. The pur-
pose of the investigation is to gain insight into the oper-
ation of SVE systems in general and to develop and
summarize information on the factors associated with
determining applicable VOC control systems. These
factors include the feasibility, relative cost, and per-
formance of various air pollution control techniques.
Keywords: 'Extraction, 'Air pollution control, 'Vacuum
apparatus, Operating, Performance evaluation, Design
criteria, Cost analysis, Public health, Questionnaires,
Comparison, Waste disposal, Leakage, Earth fills,
'Soil gases, 'Volatile organic compounds, 'Land pol-
lution, Remedial action.
PB90-217084/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Guide for Determining Compliance with the Clean
Air Act Standards for Radionuclide Emissions
from NRC-Ucensed and Non-DOE Federal Facili-
ties. (Revision 1).
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Oct 90,70p* EPA/52071-89/002
The report provides guidance for determining compli-
ance with one of the National Emission Standards for
Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPs) covering facili-
ties not operated by the DOE, that could emit Radionu-
clides to the Air. (40 CFR 61, Subpart 1).
Keywords: 'Guidelines, 'Radioactive isotopes, Air pol-
lution control equipment, Concentration(Compiosltion),
Sources, Forms(Paper), Radiation dosage,
Tables(Data), Vents, Data recording, 'Standards com-
pliance, 'Clean Air Act, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Na-
tional Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollut-
ants, Federal agencies, Pollution standards, US NRC,
US EPA, Stacks, Emission factors.
PB90-217316/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Public Knowledge and Perceptions of Chemical
Risks In Six Communities: Analysis of a Baseline
Survey. Final rept. on Phase 1.
Georgetown Univ., Washington, DC. Medical Center.
D. B. McCallum, S. L. Hammond, L. A. Morris, and V. T
Covello. Jan 90,178p EPA/230/01 -90/074
Prepared in cooperation with Columbia Univ., New
York. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Policy, Planning ana Eval-
uation, and Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease
Registry, Atlanta, GA.
A survey of public knowledge and perceptions of
chemical risk was conducted in six communities. The
purpose was to establish a baseline for evaluating
change over time in knowledge, attitudes, and behav-
iors in response to new information about toxic chemi-
cals, especially as related to Superfund, the Communi-
ty Right-to-Know Law (SARA Title III), and other risk
communication activities. During July and August,
1988, over 500 citizens responded to a 25-minute tele-
phone survey in each city: Albuquerque NM, Cincin-
nati, OH, Durham NC, Middlesex County NJ, Racine
Wl, and Richmond VA. The report provides an over-
view of how citizens in these communities view envi-
ronmental risks, and how the communities differ in
their basic knowledge and attitudes about such risks.
Recommendations are provided, for use in preparing
risk communication programs and materials.
Keywords: 'Demographic surveys, "Hazardous mate-
rials, 'Public opinion, Perception, Regional planning,
'Risk communication, 'Toxic substances, Health haz-
ards.
PB90-217373/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effect of Alkoxy Substituents on the Mutagen lefty
of Some Phenylenediamlne-Based Dlsazo Dyes.
Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. F. Escancy, H. S. Freeman, and L. D. Claxton.
C1990,18p EPA/600/J-90/044
Pub. in Mutation Research, v238 p23-38 Jan 90. Pre-
pared in cooperation with North Carolina State Univ. at
Sixteen phenylenediamine-based disazo dyes were
examined in the Salmonella/mammalian microsome
assay with strains TA98, TA100, and TA1538. All of
the dyes contain an alkoxy group ortho to one of the
azo linkages. Increasing the size of this alkoxy substit-
uent from one to four carbons led to a decrease in mu-
tagenic activity in certain instances while no change
was noted in other cases. Comparison of the mutage-
nicity of the disazo dyes with their potential reductive-
cleavage products suggests that (1) the reductive-
cleavage products are not solely responsible for the
mutagenicity of the disazo dyes, and (2) significant re-
ductive-cleavage of the disazo dyes is not taking place
in the standard Salmonella assay. (Copyright (c) 1990
Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (Biomedical Divi-
sion).)
Keywords: 'Toxicity, *Azo dyes, 'Alkoxy compounds.
Salmonella typhimurium, Tables(Data), Reprints, 'Mu-
tagenicity tests, 'Phenylenediamines.
PB90-217381/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Hexachlorobenzene Uptake by Fathead Minnows
and Macroinvertebrates In Recirculating Sedi-
ment/Water Systems. Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
G. S. Schuytema, D. F. Krawczyk, W. L. Gritfis, A. V.
Nebeker, and M. L. Robideaux. c1990,1 ip EPA/600/
J-90/006
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v19 p1 -91990.
Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), the worm
Lumbriculus variegatus, and the amphipods Hyalella
azteca and Gammarus lacustris were exposed to hex-
achlorobenzene (HCB) in water with and without a bed
of HCB-spiked sediment. Water HCB concentrations
were maintained by recirculation through HCB-packed
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
possibly eroded HCB particulates were an added
source of HCB in addition to the sediment bed. Signifi-
cant bioaccumulation of HCB in animal tissues was ob-
served in water-only and water-sediment exposures.
The presence of the HCB-spiked sediment did not
result in a significant increase in the uptake of HCB by
the organisms, but there was a substantial increase in
sediment HCB levels over time. Higher tissue HCB
levels in aquaria without sediment suggest that the
sediment was a more efficient sink for HCB than the
organisms.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Biological indicators, 'Min-
nows, 'Invertebrates, Methodology, Reprints, 'Pesti-
cide residues, 'Hexachlorobenzene(HCB), 'Water
pollution effects(Animals), Bioaccumulation, Pime-
phales promelas, Lumbriculus variegatus, Hyalella
azteca, Gammarus lacustris.
PB90-217399/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Mutagenic Atmospheric Aerosol Sources Appor-
tioned by Receptor Modeling. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
R. K. Stevens, C. W. Lewis, T. G. Dzubay, R. E.
Baumgardner, and R. B. Zweidinger. C1990,12p EPA/
600/J-90/005
Pub. in ASTM (American Society for Testing and Mate-
rials) STP-1052, Monitoring Methods for Toxics in the
Atmosphere, p187-196 1990. Prepared in cooperation
with Sandia Labs., Albuquerque, NM., and National
Inst, of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD.
During winter 1985 EPA collected air quality samples
and data in residential locations in Albuquerque, NM
and Raleigh, NC as part of its Integrated Air Cancer
Project. Major objectives of the study were to evaluate
new sampling, analysis and receptor modeling proce-
dures and to apportion fine particle mass and muta-
genic activity of the organic fraction of fine particles to
appropriate sources. Samples were collected in the
two cities for 12-hour periods beginning at 7:00 am and
7:00 pm. The schedule was followed to aid in resolving
the organic and inorganic chemical species emitted
from residential wood burning (normally a night time
activity) and from mobile source emissions. Samples
were analyzed for mutagenicity, organic carbon, 14C
content and inorganic species. Data from these analy-
ses served as input to a multi-linear regression (MLR)
model that calculates the relative contribution of ex-
tractable particulate organic matter and mutagenic ac-
tivity observed in these two cities. The 14C results
were used to validate the MLR model. Even though the
monitoring sites in these cities, were both selected and
found to be heavily impacted by residential wood burn-
ing (83% & 94% of the organic aerosol mass due to
wood burning), a proportionately larger % of the muta-
genicity of the fine particles was attributed to mobile
sources (25 and 37%).
Keywords: 'Mutagens, *Alr pollution, 'Aerosols,
Tables(Data), Carbon 14, Site surveys, Reprints, Muta-
genicity tests, Carcinogenicity tests.
PB90-217407/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Antlmutagenlclty Profiles for Some Model Com-
pounds. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. D. Waters, A. L. Brady, H. F. Stack, and H. E.
Brockman. C1990,31p EPA/600/J-90/019
Pub. in Mutation Research, v238 p57-85 1990. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Environmental Health Re-
search and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.,
and Illinois State Univ., Normal. Dept. of Biological Sci-
ences.
The concept of activity profile listings and plots, al-
ready applied successfully to the display of mutagenic-
ity data, has been modified for the application to anti-
mutagenlcity data. The activity profiles are bar graphs
that have been organized in two general ways: for anti-
mutagens that have been tested in combination with a
given mutagen and for mutagens that have been
tested in combination with a given antimutagen. Doses
from both the mutagen and the antimutagen are dis-
played and plotted against the resultant enhancement
or inhibition of mutagenic activity. The short-term tests
that have been used extensively to identify mutagens
and potential carcinogens are Increasingly being used
to identify antimutagens and potential anticardnogens.
Three model mutagens, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso-
guanidine, aflatoxin B1 and benzo(a)pyrene, and four
model antimutagens, butylated hydroxyanisole, buty-
lated hydroxytoluene, glutathione and disulfiram, were
selected from the data surveyed in the published litera-
ture. It is not clear at the present time whether the inhi-
bition of carcinogen-induced mutation is a good indica-
tor of anticarcinogenic properties, and further research
in that area is needed. (Copyright (c) 1990 Elsevier Sci-
entific Publishers B. V.)
Keywords: 'Toxicology, "Mutagens, Tables(Data),
Salmonella typhimunum, Repnnts, 'Mutagenicity
tests, Metabolic activation.
PB90-217415/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Reproductive Toxicity of a Single Dose of 1,3-Dln-
itrobenzene in Two Ages of Young Adult Male
Rats. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. E. Under, L. F. Strader, R. R. Barbee, G. L.
Rehnberg, and S. D. Perreault. c1990,17p EPA/600/
J-90/018
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, v14
P284-2981 Jan 90.
The studies evaluated the reproductive response and
the possible influence of testicular maturation on the
reproductive parameters, in male rats treated with 1,3-
Dinitrobenzene (M-DNB). Young adult male rats (75 or
105 days of age) were given a single oral dose of 0, 8,
16,24,32, or 48 mg/kg of m-DNB and killed at 14 days
post-treatment. Mortality and neurotoxicity were ob-
served at 48 mg/kg but only in the older animals. Epi-
didymis weight, testicular sperm head counts, cauda
sperm reserves, and sperm morphology were affected
at 16 and 24 mg/kg and higher in the older and young-
er animals, respectively. Testis weight and sperm mo-
tility were affected at 24 mg/kg and higher in both age
groups. Histologic changes included maturation deple-
tion of mid and late spermatids at 16 mg/kg and
higher, atrophy of a few to many seminiferous tubules
at 24 mg/kg and higher, and immature germ cells in
the epidymis. The movement and/or mixing of luminal
elements in the epididymis appeared to be influenced
by severe testicular effects. In separate groups given
only the 48 mg/kg dosage, fertilizing ability was lost by
5-6 weeks post-treatment and several animals failed to
recover in 5 months. (Copyright (c) 1990 Society of
Toxicology.)
Keywords:
Males, Ti
Epididymis,
sponse relationships
PB90-217423/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
Evaluation of a Finite Muitipole Expansion Tech-
nique for the Computation ot Electrostatic Poten-
tials of Dlbenzo-p-Dloxins and Related Systems.
Journal article.
New Orleans Univ., LA. Dept. of Chemistry.
J. S. Murray, M. E. Grice, P. Politzer, and J. R.
Rablnowitz. c1990,11 p EPA/600/J-90/017
Pub. in Jnl. of Computational Chemistry, v11 n1 p112-
120 Jan 90. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology
Div.
The electrostatic potential V(r) that the nuclei and
electrons of a molecule create in the surrounding
space is well established as a guide in the study of mo-
lecular reactivity, and particularly, of biological recogni-
tion processes. Its rigorous computation is, however,
very demanding of computer time for large molecules,
such as those of interest in recognition interactions.
The authors have accordingly investigated the use of
an approximate finite multicenter muitipole expansion
technique to determine its applicability for producing
reliable electrostatic potentials of dibenzo-p-dioxins
and related molecules, with significantly reduced
amounts of computer time, at distances of interest in
recognition studies. A comparative analysis of the po-
tentials of three dibenzo-q-dioxins and a substituted
naphthalene molecule computed using both the multi-
pole expansion technique and GAUSSIAN 82 at the
STO-6G level has been carried out Overall they found
that regions of negative and positive V(r) at 1.75 A
above tne molecular plane are very well reproduced by
the muitipole expansion technique, with up to a twenty-
fold improvement in computer time. (Copyright (c)
1990 by John Wiley and Sons, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Electric pote
'Biochemistry, 'Pattern
simulation, Chemical rei
'Electric potential, 'Electrostatic charge,
recognition, 'Computerized
reactions, Molecular orbitals,
Electron density(Concentration), Enzymes, Wave
functions, Dipoles, Drugs, Reprints, 'Dioxins, 'Molecu-
lar biology, 'Finite muitipole expansion technique,
'GAUSSIAN 82 computer programs, Dibenzodioxin/
tetrachloro, Dibenzodioxin/chloro-fluoro, Naphtha-
lene/chloro-dinitro, Receptors.
PB90-217431/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Thermoregulatory Effects of Methanol In Fischer
and Long Evans Rats. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Neurotoxicology Div.
F. S. Mohler, and C. J. Gordon. c1989,7p EPA/600/J-
90/016
Pub. in Neurotoxicology and Teratology, v12 p41-45
Jan 90.
The paper will present the results of three studies de-
signed to assess the effects of methanol on body tem-
perature and behavioral thermoregulation in Fischer
and Long Evans rats. The first study measured the
onset of body temperature changes following metha-
nol exposure. Following gavage of 3 g/kg methanol
(20% w/v in saline), brain temperature (Tbr) of Fischer
rats decreased 1,5C within 35 min. A similar volume of
saline led to transient increases in Tbr. A second study
assessed the time course of changes in body tempera-
ture by measuring colonic temperature (Tc) hourly fol-
lowing i.p. injection of saline or 1 or 3 g/kg methanol.
The highest dosage of methanol caused a significant
hypothermia in both Fischer and Long Evans rats. The
hypothermia reached its nadir in both strains at 1-2
hours and partially recovered within the 6 hour experi-
ment. The third study measured the effects of metha-
nol on behavioral thermoregulation. Fischer and Long
Evans rats were gavaged with saline or 1-3 g/kg meth-
anol and placed in a temperature gradient. After 90
min. in the gradient, rats of both strains which received
2 or 3 g/kg methanol had a significantly lower Tc than
control rats.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Methyl alcohol, Animal behav-
ior, Exposure, Graphs(Charts), Brain, Hypothermia,
Reprints, 'Body temperature regulation, Inbred strain
rats.
PB90-217449/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Methoxychlor Accelerates Embryo Transport
through the Rat Reproductive Tract. Journal arti-
cie.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
A. M. Cummings, and S. D. Perreault. c1989,9p EPA/
600/J-90/015
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmocology, v102
p110-116 Jan 90.
The estrogenic pesticide methoxychlor (MXC) is
known to compromise implantation, and, in previous
work, this reduction in fertility has been attributed to a
direct effect on uterine function. The present study
was designed to investigate the effect of MXC on
embryo transport rate, another phenomenon that is
vulnerable to estrogenic effects. A range of doses of
MXC was administered to groups of rats during Days 1 -
3 of pregnancy (Day 0 = sperm positive), and the dis-
tribution of embryos in the oviducts and uteri of ani-
mals was assessed at five times intervals prior to im-
plantation. No effect of MXC was detected by the
afternoon of Day 1. On days 2 and 3,200 and 500 mg/
kg/day MXC accelerated embryo transport Into the
uterus, while the 500 mg/kg/day dosage also reduced
the total recovery of embryos. At this time, most con-
trol embryos remained in the oviduct. On third day, 100
mg/kg/day MXC also accelerated embryo transport to
the uterus. These data demonstrate that MXC pro-
duces a dose-dependent acceleration of embryo
transport through tne female reproductive tract. (Coov-
right (c) 1990 Academic Press, Inc.)
Keywords: 'DDT, 'Toxicology, 'Embryo, 'Reproduc-
tive system, Rats, Graphs(Charts), Uterus, Reprints,
Biological transport, Animal pregnancy, Ovum implan-
tation.
PB90-217456/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Effect of Alkoxy Substltuents on the Mutagenicity
of Some Phenylenediamlne-Based Diaazo Dyes.
Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
J F Esancy, H. S. Freeman, and L. D. Claxton. C1990,
18p EPA/600/J-90/014
Pub. in Mutation Research, v238 p23-38 Jan 90. Spon-
sored by North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
Fifteen aminoazobenzene dyes and seven of their re-
ductive-cleavage products were examined in the Sal-
monella/microsome assay with strains TA98, TA100,
TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538. Dyes tested included
five derivatives of 4-aminoazobenzena with different
alkoxy substituents (-OCH3, -OCH2CH3,
OCH2CH2CH3, -OCH2CH2CH2CH3 or
OCH2CH20H) in the 3-position as well as the corre-
sponding derivatives of 4-((4-aminophenyl)azo)N,N-
diethylaniline and 4-((4-aminophenyl)azo)N,N-bis(2-
hydroxyethyl)aniline. In general, as the size of the sub-
stituent ortho to the primary amino group of the dyes
was increased, the mutagenicity decreased. A similar
trend was observed for the reductive-cleavage prod-
ucts. The results from the latter aspect of the study
suggest that the mutagenicity of aminoazobenzene
dyes can not be accounted for solely from the proper-
ties of their reductive-cleavage products. (Copyright
(c) 1990 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (Biomedical
Division).)
Keywords: 'Alkoxy compounds, "Toxicity, *Azo dyes,
Reduction(Chemistry), Salmonella typhimurium,
Tables(Data), Reprints, "Mutagenicity tests.
PB90-217464/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Trophic Control of the Ornithine Decarboxylase/
Polyamlne Syatam in Neonatal Rat Brain Regions:
Lesions Caused by 6-Hydroxydopamine Produce
Effects Selective for Cerebellum. Journal article.
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
C. Lau, A. Cameron, L. Antolick, and T. A. Slotkin.
c1990,9p EPA/600/J-90/049
Pub. in Developmental Brain Research, v52 p167-173
Jan 90. Prepared in cooperation with Duke Univ. Medi-
cal Center, Durham, NC. Dept. of Pharmacology.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Norepinephrine has been hypothesized as a trophic
factor influencing postnatal development of the cere-
bellum. In the current study, neonatal rats were given
6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to destroy noradrener-
ic projections and the effects on the ornithine decar-
oxylase (ODC)/polyamine system were evaluated;
ODC initiates the synthesis of polyamines, which are
known to control cellular development in the cerebel-
lum, and neonatal ODC activity is regulated in part by
B2-adrenergic receptors. Intracisternal administration
of 6-OHDA resulted in complete and permanent deple-
tion of cerebellar norepinephrine and a deficit in ODC,
polyamine levels and cerebellar growth. Subcutane-
ous administration of 6-OHDA, which caused only a
small initial reduction in cerebellar norepinephrine, did
not affect ODC and had only minor effects on tissue
growth. Indeed, levels of the polyamines tended to be
elevated after subcutaneous 6-OHDA, associated with
postweaning elevations in norepinephrine, results
which are probably indicative of axonal regeneration.
(Copyright (c) 1990 Elsevier Publishers BV (Biomedical
Division).)
Keywords: "Biochemistry, "Polyamines, "Cerebellum,
Graphs(Charts), Body weight, Norepinephrine, Re-
prints, "Ornithine decarboxylase, "Hyaroxydopamines,
Newborn animals, Organ weight.
PB90-217472/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effect of Lindane on Nitroreductase and Dechlor-
inase Enzyme Activity In the Qastrolntestlnsl
Tract. Journal article.	.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
PflrK, NC.
R W.Chadwick, J.Chang, P.H.Giiligan, ILIR.
Forehand, and J. E. Long. C1990,12p EPA/600/J-90/
Pub. in Toxicology Letters, v50 p229-308 Jan 90. Pre-
Dared in cooperation with North Carolina Univ. at
Chapel Hill, and Environmental Hearth Research and
Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
1582 Vol. 90, No. 24
The effects of daily p.o. injections of 20 mg/kg lindane
or 535 mg/kg neomycin for 14 or 35 days on nitrore-
ductase and dechlorinase activity in the rat gastroin-
testinal tract were studied. Data indicate that while ne-
omycin pretreatment inhibited the activity of both en-
zymes in the cecum at both times, it had no effect on
the nitroreductase activity of the small intestine and
only inhibited dechlorinase activity in the tissue after 2
weeks. In contrast, lindane, which had no effect on
enzyme activity in the cecum, significantly reduced ni-
troreductase activity in the small intestine after pre-
treatment for 2 weeks and then produced a significant
increase in both nitroreductase and dechlorinase ac-
tivity after 5 weeks.
Keywords: "Chlorobenzenes, 'Toxicity, "Gastrointesti-
nal system, Neomycins, Gas chromatography, Re-
prints, "Nitroreductase, "Dechlorinase.
PB90-217480/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effects of Lindane and Llnuron on Calcium Metab-
olism, Bone Morphometry and the Kidney In Rats.
Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. E. Andrews, and L. E. Gray. C1990,11p EPA/600/J-
90/047
Pub. in Toxicology, v60 p99-107 Jan 90.
The effects of lindane and linuron on calcium metabo-
lism, bone morphometry and the kidney. Experiments
were performed to investigate the effects of lindane
and linuron on calcium metabolism, femur morphome-
try and nephrotoxicity. Long-Evans hooded rats were
dosed daily for 10 weeks with 0,10 or 20 mg lindane or
10, 20 or 40 mg linuron/kg body weight beginning at
weaning. Lindane significantly decreased urinary calci-
um concentration, serum alkaline phosphatase con-
centration and the cross-sectional medullary area of
the bone. Lindane was nephrotoxic at both dose levels
as demonstrated by elevated kidney weights, kidney-
to-body-weight ratios, enzymuria, tubule regeneration
and hyaline droplet degeneration. Linuron significantly
reduced medullary cross-sectional area at the two
higher dose levels and decreased the total femur
cross-sectional area at the highest dose level in the
absence of effects on calcium excretion. Femur densi-
ty and strength were also significantly reduced at the
highest dose level of linuron. Neither compound affect-
ed the serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone
or 1,25-dihydroxy Vitamin D3.
Keywords: "Chlorobenzenes, "Calcium, "Metabolism,
"Toxicology, "Bones, "Kidney, Hormones, Body
weight, Tables(Data), Blood chemical analysis, Urine,
Reprints, "Linuron, Organ weight.
PB90-217498/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Induction of Prophage Lambda by Chlorophenols.
Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
D. M. DeMarini, H. G. Brooks, and D. G. Parkes. c1990,
11p EPA/600/J-90/046
Pud. in Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis,
v15 p1-9 Feb 90. See also PB89-105670. Prepared in
cooperation with Environmental Health Research and
Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Chlorinated phenols, which are used primarily as wood
preservatives and fungicides, are present in most air,
water, and soil samples in industrialized areas as well
as in urine and body fat of most people. The ability of
phenol and the 19 isomers of chlorophenol to induce
DNA damage using the Microscreen prophage-induc-
tion assay in Escherichia coli has been examined.
Seven of the isomers (2,3,4-tri, 2,4,5-tri, 3,4,5,-tri,
2,3,4,5-tetra, 2,3,6-tri, 2,4,6-tri, and pentachloro-
phenol) induced prophage lambda in the presence of
S9, with the first three being 10 times more potent than
the last three. The more potent isomers have either
one or no chlorine atom ortho to the OH group; where-
as the less potent isomers have two chlorine atoms
ortho to the OH group. Although none of the 20 com-
pounds is mutagenic in Salmonella, the prophage-in-
duction results agree with findings by others that most
of these seven isomers are clastogenic, are associat-
ed with cancer and chromosomal aberrations in
humans, and are carcinogenic in rodents. A likely basis
for the genotoxicity of the seven isomers involves the
metabolism of the parent isomer to chlorohydroquin-
one, which can form a chlorobenzosemlquinone in the
presence of oxygen. (Copyright (c) 1960 Wiley-Liss,
Inc.)
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Toxicology, Salmonella, Mu-
tagens. Escherichia coli, Neoplasms, Isomers,
Tables(Data), Reprints, "Phage lambda, "Chlorophen-
ols, "DNA damage, "Mutagenicity tests. Chromosome
aberrations, Carcinogenicity tests.
PB90-217506/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Mouse Skin Tumorlgeniclty Studies of Indoor
Coal and Wood Combustion Emissions from
Homes of Residents in Xuan Wei, China with High
Lung Cancer Mortality. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
J. L. Mumford, C. T. Helmes, X. Lee, J. Seidenberg,
and S. Nesnow. C1990,9p EPA/600/J-90/045
Pub. in Carcinogenesis, v11 n3 p397-403 Mar 90. Pre-
pared in cooperation with SRI International, Menlo
Park, CA., and Institute of Environmental Health and
Engineering, Beijing (China).
The rural Xuan Wei County, Yunnan Province, China,
has an unusually high lung cancer mortality rate that
cannot be attributed to tobacco smoke or occupational
exposure. The lung cancer rate is associated with
'smoky' coal, in contrast to wood or 'smokeless' coal
burned in unventilated homes. The study was conduct-
ed to characterize and compare mouse skin tumori-
genicity of the coal and the wood combustion emis-
sions and to link the resulting animal data to human
lung cancer. Indoor air particles were collected from a
central commune where the lung cancer mortality rate
is high and smoky coal is the maior fuel used, and also
from a south western commune where lung cancer
mortality rate is low and wood and smokeless coal are
the major fuels used. The organic extracts of these
indoor air particles were analyzed for polycyclic aro-
matic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and assayed for skin
tumor initiation activity and complete carcinogenicity in
SENCAR mice. Mouse skin was initiated with 1,2,5,10,
and 20 mg of organic extracts of the emission particles
during the first week, and one week after initiation the
mice were promoted with 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-
13-acetate (TPA, 2 microgram/mouse) applied topical-
ly twice a week for 26 weeks. The results showed that
the smoky coal sample is the most active among the
three combustion emission samples.
Keywords: "Skin(Anatomy), "Combustion products,
'Lung neoplasms, "Mortality, Coal, China, Mice,
Wood, Charts(Graphs), Aromatic polycyclic hydrocar-
bons, Reprints, 'Carcinogenicity tests, Indoor air pol-
lution.
PB90-217514/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Induction of Regulated Hypothermia In Mice by
Urine Administration. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Neurotoxicology Div.
C. J. Gordon. C1990, 7p EPA/600/J-90/043
Pub. in Jnl. of Thermal Biology, v15 n2 p97-101 Jan 90.
In the first experiment, mice were placed in a tempera-
ture gradient and were permitted to select their pre-
ferred ambient temperature (Ta). After one hour, the
animals were removed from the gradient, injected with
mouse urine at doses of 0,6,12, or 18 ml/kg (i.p.) and
were placed quickly back in the gradient. The 18 ml/kg
dose elicited a decrease in the selected Ta along with
a significant reduction in body temperature measured
at 60 and 120 min post-injection. In a second experi-
ment it was found that urine collected from animals
maintained at Ta's of 20, 30, or 35C overnight had
similar effects on the behavioral thermoregulatory re-
sponse. In the third experiment, mouse urine was dla-
lyzed against saline using dialysis tubing with a molec-
ular cutoff of 1000 daltons. The dialyzed urine had no
effect on behavioral thermoregulation but did elicit a
significant drop in body temperature; however, the de-
crease in temperature was not as great as that follow-
ing administration of undialyzed urine. The studies indi-
cate that mouse urine contains toxic substances that
evoke a decrease in the set-point. Interestingly, the re-
sponse to urine is similar to that following acute expo-
sure to xenobiotic chemical substances.
Keywords: 'Hypothermia, 'Urine, Sodium chloride
Mice, Graphs(Charts), Dialysis, Reprints, Toxic sub^
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-217522/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Age and Experience on Inhibition of the
Acoustic Startle Response by Gaps in Back-
ground Noise.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
K. M. Crofton, K. F. Dean, L. P. Sheets, D. B. Peele,
and L. W. Reiter. C1990, 9p EPA/600/J-90/042
Pub. in Psychobiology, v18 n1 p89-95 Mar 90. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Mobay Corp., Stilwell, KS.
Experiments were designed to determine the role of
associative conditioning in reflex modification of the
acoustic startle response using gaps in background
noise. Experiments were conducted with independent,
naive groups of adult Long Evans hooded rats tested
using 20-msec gaps in white noise (ON 80dB/OFF
35dB) as the prestimulus (S1, ISI = 190 msec) and a
120-dB, 40-msec 13-kHz pure tone as the eliciting
stimulus (S2). The first experiment characterized the
effects of repeated testing for 9 days. The second ex-
periment was a test of associative conditioning. Three
groups of rats were tested daily for 6 days under one of
the following conditions: S1 and S2 paired in a contin-
gent manner, S2 only, or S1 only. All groups then re-
ceived the contingent pairing of S1 and S2 for an addi-
tional 9 days of testing. In the third experiment, a sepa-
rate group of rats was tested using either contingent or
non-contingent presentation of stimuli in a contingent
fashion. Results indicate that the amount of inhibition
increases with repeated, daily testing, and achieve as-
ymptotic levels of inhibition 5-6 daily sessions. The
paired presentation of S1 and S2 is a necessary, but
not a solely sufficient condition for normal develop-
ment of inhibition.
Keywords: 'Noise, 'Physiology, Graphs(Charts), Rats,
Reprints, 'Acoustic startle reaction.
PB90-217530/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Trladlmefon, a Trlazole Fungicide, Induce*
Stereotyped Behavior and Altera Monoamine Me-
tabolism In Rats. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Q. D. Walker, M. H. Lewis, K. M. Crofton, and R. B.
Mailman. C1990,15p EPA/600/J-90/041
Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, v102
p474-485 Jan 90. Prepared in cooperation with North
Carolina Univ., Chapel Hill.
Trladlmefon, a trlazole fungicide, has been observed to
increase locomotion and induce stereotyped behavior
in rodents. The present experiments characterized the
stereotyped behavior induced by triadlmefon using a
computer-supported observational method, and tested
the hypothesis that these effects involved central do-
paminergic systems. Adult male and female Sprague-
Dawley rats were injected with triadimefon (0,50,100,
200 mg/kg) in corn oil (2 mL/kg ip) four hours prior to
behavioral assessment. The two lowest doses of tria-
dimefon Increased the frequency of locomotion and
rearing, while the highest dose induced highly stereo-
typed behaviors including backward locomotion, cir-
cling, and head weaving. Immediately after behavioral
testing, the rats were sacrificed, and the striata (STR)
and olfactory tubercles (OT), terminal fields of the ni-
grostriatal and mesolimbic dopamine systems, respec-
tively, were dissected. Steady-state concentrations of
dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT). and their metabo-
lites were determined by HPLC-EC. (Copyright (c)
1990 Academic Press Inc.)
Keywords: 'Fungicides, 'Metabolism, 'Toxicology,
Dopamine, Serotonin, Locomotion, Rats,
Tables(Oata), Qraphs(Charts), In vitro analysis, Re-
prints, Trladlmefon, 'Stereotyped behavior, 'Monoa-
mines, Radioligand assay.
PB00-217548/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Molecular Dissection of Mutations at the Hetero-
zygous Thymidine Kinase Locus In Mouse Lym-
phoma Cells. Journal article.
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Dept. of Biological
Science.
M. L. Applegate, M. M. Moore, C. B. Broder, A. Burrell,
and J. C. Hozler. C1990,8p EPA/800/ J-90/040
Pub. In Proceedings of the National Academy of Sci-
ences USA, v87 p51-55 Jan 90. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Florida Inst, of Tech., Melbourne. Dept. of Bi-
ological Science, Yale Univ., New Haven, CT. Dept. of
Biology, and IBM Research Dlv., San Jose, CA. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
The mouse lymphoma L5178Y TK+/- 3.7.2C cell line
allows quantitation of induced TK +/- -> TK-/- muta-
tions at the heterozygous thymidine kinase (tk) locus.
TK-/- mutant colonies show a bimodal size distribu-
tion, reflecting a difference in the growth rates of the
two size classes that is hypothesized to result from dif-
ferent degrees of genetic damage. The two homolo-
gous chromosomes containing the alleles of the tk
gene in L5178Y 3.7.2C TK + /- cells are distinguish-
able at the cytogenetic level by the unique centromeric
morphology of each of the two chromosomes 11, to
which the tk gene has been mapped in mouse cells. In
addition, the two alleles were distinguishable at the
molecular level because of an Nco f restriction-frag-
ment-length polymorphism at the 3' end of the gene, in
a set of 51 large-colony and 48 small-colony TK-/- mu-
tants induced by ionizing radiation or by chemical mu-
tagens, 78, including all except one of the small-colony
mutants, have lost the tk+ allele and that some of
these have two to four copies of the remaining, tk-,
allele. Nineteen of the large-colony TK-/- mutants that
do not show tk+ allele loss show no other structural
changes detectable at the level of Southern blot analy-
sis.
Keywords: 'Mutations, 'Lymphoma, Mutagens, Mice,
Reprints, 'Thymidine kinase, 'Chromosome mapping,
Restriction fragment length polymorphism, Cultured
tumor cells, Southern immunoblotting.
PB90-2175S5/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Developmental Effects of Pulsed Magnetic Fields
on Animal Embryos.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
E. Berman. C1990, 7p EPA/600/J-90/039
Pub. in Reproductive Toxicology, v4 p45-49 Mar 90.
The paper contains a critical review of the available lit-
erature on the subject of the effects of developing ani-
mals from exposure to pulsed magnetic fields (PMF).
The workshop at which the presentation was originally
made discussed the reproductive effects in women
from the use of video display terminals. Apparently, ex-
posure of embryonic animal models (chick embryo,
fish embryo, rat and mouse embryos) in PMF may
result in statistically significant increases in detrimental
effects. The appearance of the effect (usually, in-
creased abnormality rates) is not clearly relatable to
pulse frequency, pulse shape, or field intensity.
Keywords: 'Embryo, 'Magnetic fields,
Reproduction(Biology), Tables(Data), Animals, Re-
prints, 'Video display terminal.
PB90-217563/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Circulating Factors That Modify Lung Cell ONA
Synthesis Following Exposure to Inhaled Oxi-
dants. II. Effect of Serum and Lavage on Lung
Pneumocytes Following Exposure of Adult Rats
to 1 PPM Ozone. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
A. K. Tanswell, L. J. Fraher, and E. C. Grose. c1990,
16p EPA/600/ J-90/038
Pub. In Jnl. of Toxicology and Environmental Health,
v29 P131-144 Jan 90. Prepared in cooperation with
University of Western Ontario, London.
Adult rats were exposed to 1 ppm (1.96 mg/cu m)
ozone or air for 2 weeks. Animals were sacrificed at 3,
5, 7 or 14 days after the onset of exposure and sam-
ples of plasma and lung lavage obtained. Heat inacti-
vated plasma and lavage from animals exposed to
ozone, for 5 or 7 days, significantly increased DNA
synthesis by lung fibroflasts compared with plasma or
lavage from air exposed animals. Fractionation of
plasma and lavage samples indicated that the factor
responsible had an isoelectric point of 6.45-6.75, and a
molecular weight of 38 + or - 3 Kd. This factor has a
dose-dependent effect on lung pneumocyte DNA syn-
thesis in culture. It has no effect on cultured fibroblast
DNA synthesis, and is distinct from a previously de-
scribee! factor in the plasma of these ozone-exposed
animals which enhances fibroblast DNA synthesis.
The factor is detectable within 5 days of exposure, and
may hold some promise as a marker of early oxidant
lung injury. (Copyright (c) 1990 by Hemisphere Publish-
ing Corporation.)
Keywords: 'Lung, 'Ozone, 'Oxidizers, Bioassay,
Blood, Cells(Biology), Fibroblasts, Graphs(Charts),
Reprints, 'DNA damage, High performance liquid
chromatography, Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, Isoe-
lectric point, Dose-response relationships.
PB90-217571/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Dose-Related Differences in DNA Adduct Levels
in Rodent Tissues Following Skin Application of
Complex Mixtures from Air Pollution Sources.
Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. E. Gallagher, M. A. Jackson, M. H. George, and J.
Lewtas. C1990,8p EPA/600/J-90/037
Pub. in Carcinogenesis, v11 n1 p63-68 Jan 90. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Environmental Health Re-
search and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Dose-related differences in the binding of DNA reac-
tive intermediates for three environmentally important
complex particulate extracts and a well studied carcin-
ogen Benzo(a)Pyrene (B(a)P) were examined in
female C-57 mice following multiple topical treatments
ranging from (1-120) mg per mouse. Particulate ex-
tracts from coke oven, coal soot and diesel exhaust
were selected as model complex mixtures based on
short term mutagenicity assays, animal bioassays for
carcinogenicity or epidemiological studies where in-
creased incidences of lung cancer in exposed popula-
tions were detected. Positive and negative control ani-
mals were treated with either 1.2 mg Benzo(a)Pyrene
or acetone alone. DNA was isolated from skin, lung
and liver DNA 24 hours following the last application
and analyzed for DNA adducts using the nuclease P1
version of the 32p-postlabeling assay. Each of the par-
ticulate extracts produced district patterns of DNA ad-
ducts. A broad diagonal radioactive zone (DRZ) pre-
sumably representing multiple DNA adducts, was ob-
served for coke oven, coal soot and diesel modified
DNA samples. One adduct, common to all three com-
plex mixture modified DNA samples, comigrated with
the major B(a)P adduct observed following treatment
with B(a)P alone. These data have important implica-
tions for low dose risk assessment of these complex
mixtures. (Copyright (c) Oxford University Press.)
Keywords: "Toxicity, 'Skin(Anatomy), 'Carcinogens,
Mice, Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), Aromatic polycy-
clic hydrocarbons, Reprints, 'Dose-reresponse rela-
tionships, "Air pollution effects(Animals), "DNA
damage, Autoradiography.
PB90-217589/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Hypothermia and Hypometabollsm: Sensitive Indi-
ces of Whole-Body Toxicity Following Exposure
to Metallic Salts In the Mouse. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. J. Gordon, L. Fogelson, and J. W. Highfill. C1990,
18p EPA/600/J-90/036
Pub. in Jnl. Toxicology and Environmental Health, v29
p185-200 Jan 90.
To investigate the practicality of hypothermia and hy-
pometabolism as sensitive indices of toxicity in the
mouse, oxygen consumption was monitored continu-
ously and body temperature was measured at 30 min
post-injection following the intraperitoneal administra-
tion of various metal salts. Eleven metal ions were
tested: Ai(3+), Cd(2+), Co(2+), Cr(2+), Cu(2+),
Hg(2+), Mg(2+), Mn(2+), Ni(2+), Pb(2+), and
Zn(2+). All metals induced dose-dependent reduc-
tions in both oxygen consumption (hypometabolism)
and deep body (colonic) temperature. Comparative
toxicity of the metal ions was evaluated by calculating
the dose of metal ion in dimensions of mmole/kg body
mass needed to reduce colonic temperature to 35C.
The order of toxicity from lowest to highest was as fol-
lows: Cr
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ture, Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), Reprints, Lethal
dose 50, Oxygen consumption.
PB90-217597/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Compensatory Tracking In Humans with Elevated
Carboxyhemoglobln. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Clinical Research Branch.
V. A. Benignus, K. E. Muller, M. V. Smith, K. S. Pieper,
and J. D. Prah. c1990,8p EPA/600/J-90/035
Pub. in Neurotoxicology and Teratology, v12 p105-110
Jan 90. Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina
Univ. at Chapel Hill.
A total of seventy-four men divided into five groups
performed a compensatory tracking task for 4 nr with
group mean carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels of 0.9,
5.6,6.1,11.4 or 16.6%. In all but one group, COHb was
formed in approximately 5 min by having the subject
breathe a high concentration of carbon monoxide (CO)
from a Douglas bag. An appropriate low level of CO in
the exposure/test chamber maintained the elevated
COHb for the 4 hr duration of the experiment. A slow
COHb formation group, not exposed to CO during bag
breathing, which was only exposed to low-level CO in
the exposure/testing chamber, served as a positive
control. Even at the highest dose, the increase in
tracking error was small. The increased mean error
score due to rapid formation was virtually the same as
that due to slow formation.
Keywords: 'Physiology, Carbon monoxide, Humans,
Toxicology, Tables(Data), Reprints, 'Carboxyhemog-
lobin, Compensatory tracking.
PB90-217605/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Department of Health and Human Services, Washing-
ton, DC.
Methods for Comparing Salmonella Mutagenicity
Data Sets Using Nonlinear Models. Journal article.
National Cancer Inst., Frederick, MD. Frederick
Cancer Research Facility.
W. G. Alvord, J. H. Driver, L. Claxton, and J. P.
Creason. c1990,20p EPA/600/J-90/034
Contract HHS-NO1-CO-74103
Pub. in Mutation Research, v240 p177-194,1 Mar 90.
Prepared in cooperation with Data Management Serv-
ices, Inc., Frederick, MD., and Versar, Inc., Springfield,
VA. RiskFocus Div. Sponsored by Department of
Health and Human Services, Washington, DC., and
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
A variety of linear and nonlinear mathematical models
have been proposed to characterize Ames test data
sets, but no systematic procedure has been proposed
to compare two or more data sets across conditions,
laboratories, occasions, mutagens or treatments. In
the paper, general method for data set comparison is
provided. Nonlinear regression techniques are applied
to real data sets as hypothetical and real hypotheses
are considered. Data-set and parameter invariance are
described in depth. Confidence-band construction for
nonlinear models and other graphical techniques are
presented as auxiliary tools. (Copyright (c) 1990 Else-
vier Science Publishers BV (Biomedical Division.)
Keywords: 'Toxicity, Tables(Data), Salmonella typhi-
murium, Mathematical models, Reprints, 'Mutagenic-
ity tests.
PB90-217613/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Clinical Research Branch.
Dose-Effects Functions for Carboxyhemoglobln
and Behavior. Journal article.
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
V. A. Benignus, K. E. Muller, and C. M. Malott. c1990,
10p EPA/600/J-90/033
Contract EPA-68-02-3800
Pub in Neurotoxicology and Teratology, vl2 pi 11-118
Jan 90 Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Clinical Research
Branch, and Army Medical Research and Develop-
ment Command, Fort Detrick, MD.
I itarature on dose-effects functions of carboxyhemog-
lobin (COHb) and human behavior is internally incon-
sistent The present review and analysis of published
data was undertaken to attempt to reduce ufKertain^
«hout COHb dose effects functions. Dose-effects data
from animal operant behavior studies were reviewed
and dose-effects functions were fitted. The curves in-
dicated small effects (if any) for COHb levels less than
ca. 20%. As COHb increased further, the slope of the
function became progressively steeper. Review of the
human dose-effects function publications for COHb
and behavior revealed that apparently, effects of
COHb on behavior in man are small or absent below
ca. 20% (essentially the highest COHb level for which
dose-eflects data are available). A dose-effects curve
was fitted to the human data from one study (7) and
compared to the laboratory animal curves. Extrapola-
tion of the human curve was used infer that the dose-
effects curves for humans and laboratory animals
were of similar form.
Keywords: 'Behavior, 'Carbon monoxide, 'Toxicol-
ogy, Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), Laboratory ani-
mals, Humans, Critical flicker fusion, Vigilance, Re-
prints, 'Carboxyhemoglobin, Dark adaptation, Dose-
response relationships.
PB90-217621/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
SITE Demonstration of the CHEMFIX Solidifica-
tion/Stabilization Process at the Portable Equip-
ment Salvage Company Site. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
E. F. Barth. C1990, 7p EPA/600/J-90/021
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air and Waste Management Associa-
tion, p166-170 1990.
A demonstration of the CHEMFIX solidification/stabili-
zation process was conducted under the United States
Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Superfund
Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) program.
The demonstration was conducted in March 1989, at
the Portable Equipment Salvage Company (PESC) un-
controlled hazardous waste site in Clackamas,
Oregon. Waste containing lead, copper, and polychlo-
rinated biphenyls (PCBs) from four different areas of
the site were treated. Results showed substantial re-
duction of leachable lead and copper between the un-
treated waste and treated waste utilizing the EPA Tox-
icity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP) test.
The effectiveness of this process for immobilizing
PCBs could not be determined since the raw waste did
not leach PCBs at high concentrations, utilizing the
TCLP test. Data from other leaching tests for lead and
copper would need to be utilized as input into a site
specific groundwater model to determine whether so-
lidification/stabilization would be an acceptable
remedy for the site. Physical testing results indicated
durability in exposed conditions. (Copyright (C) 1990-
Air and Waste Management Association.)
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Hazardous materials,
'Solidification, 'Stabilization, 'Waste treatment, Sites,
Performance evaluation, Leaching, Lead(Metal),
Copper, Groundwater, Water pollution abatement, Re-
prints, 'Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation,
'Encapsulation, 'CHEMFIX process, 'Remedial
action. Case studies, Portable Equipment Salvage
Company, Clackamas(Oregon), Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls, Source reduction.
PB90-217639/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Evaluation Using an Organophllic Clay to Chemi-
cally Stabilize Waste Containing Organic Com-
pounds. Journal article.
RMC Environmental Analytical Labs., West Plains,
MO.
R. Soundararajan, E. F. Barth, and J. J. Gibbons.
C1990,7p EPA/600/J-90/020
Contract EPA-68-03-3413
Pub. in International Jnl. of Air Pollution Control and
Hazardous Waste Management, Jan-Feb 1990. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati,
OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
A modified clay (organophllic) was utilized to evaluate
the potential for chemically stabilizing a waste contain-
ing organic compounds. Chemical bonding between
the binder and the contaminants was indicated. Leach-
ate testing also indicated strong binding.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
'Solidification, 'Stabilization, 'Organic compounds,
'Clays, 'Waste treatment, Comparison, Performance
evaluation, Chemical bonds, Leaching, Reprints, 'En-
capsulation, Remedial action.
PB90-217647/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Sister Chromatid Exchange and Qenotoxlclty
Measurements Using Polychaete Worms. Journal
article.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
G. G. Pesch. C1990,9p EPA/600/J-90/013
Pub. in Aquatic Sciences, Issue 1, v2 p19-25 1990.
Contaminants entering coastal marine environments
may affect the genetic constitution of exposed orga-
nisms by causing shifts in gene pool composition
through selective pressures or by acting directly on the
genetic material to cause damage. The latter problem
is referred to as genotoxicity. The article reviews geno-
toxlcity studies done with marine polychaetes, with
special emphasis on the chromosomal response of
sister chromatid exchange (SCE). Chromosomal re-
sponses have been studied in the polychaete
Neanthes arenaceodentata exposed to pure com-
pounds and radiation, and in the polychaete Nephtys
incisa exposed to a complex mixture. All of the pub-
lished results to date have come from two laboratories,
the U.S. National Laboratory at Livermore, California
(Harrison and co-workers) and a U.S. EPA Laboratory
at Narragansett, Rl (Pesch and co-workers). The arti-
cle reviews and summarizes the work in the context of
assessing risks associated with mutagens and car-
cinogens in marine environments.
Keywords: "Marine biology, "Chromosomes. Carcino-
gens, Mutagens, Reprints, "Sister chromatid ex-
change, 'Mutagenicity tests, "Polychaeta.
PB90-217654/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Influence of Salinity and Temperature on Acute
Toxicity of Cadmium to 'Mysldopsls bahla' Molen-
ock. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
R. A. Voyer, and G. Modica. C1990,10p ERLN-950,
EPA-600/J-90/012
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v19 p124-131 1990. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Science Applications International Corp., Nar-
ragansett, Rl.
Acute toxicity tests were conducted to compare esti-
mates of toxicity, as modified by salinity and tempera-
ture, based on response surface techniques with those
derived using conventional test methods, and to com-
pare effect of a single episodic exposure to cadmium
as a function of salinity with that of continuous expo-
sure. Regression analysis indicated that mortality fol-
lowing continuous 96-nr exposure is related to linear
and quadratic effects of salinity and cadmium at 20 C,
and to the linear and quadratic effects of cadmium only
at 25C. LC50s decreased with increases in tempera-
ture and decreases in salinity. Based on the regression
model developed, 96-hr LC50s ranged from 15.5 to
28.0 micro Cd/L at 10 and 30% salinities, respectively,
at 25C; and from 47 to 85 microgram Cd/L at these sa-
linities at 20C.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Marine fishes, 'Cadmium, 'Sa-
linity, 'Temperature, Mortality, Bioassay, Exposure,
Test methods, Regression analysis, Reprints, 'Mysi-
dopsis bahia.
PB90-217662/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Ammonia to Marine
Fish and a Mysid. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
D. C. Miller, S. Poucher, J. A. Cardin, and D. Hansen
c1990,11p ERLN-893, EPA/600/J-90/011
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology, v19 p40-48 1990. Prepared in cooperation
with Science Applications International Corp., Narra-
gansett, Rl.
The acute toxicity (96-hr LC50) of un-ionized ammonia
to mysids (Mysiaopsis bahia) and larval inland silver-
sides (Menidia beryllina) was influenced by pH and sa-
linity in a species specific manner. With mysids, NH3,
was most toxic at pH 7.0 and less toxic at pH 8.0 and
9.0. In contrast, NH3 toxicity to inland silversides was
greatest at pH 7.0 and 9.0 and lowest at pH 8.0. A drop
In salinity from 31 g/kg to 11 g/kg uniformly increased
toxicity to mysids over this pH range. In contrast, In sil-
versides at 11 g/kg, NH3 toxicity was less at pH 7 0
greater at pH 8, and slightly less at pH 9, relative to the
toxicity at 31 g/kg. Temperature had no significant
effect on the acute toxicity of un-ionized ammonia with
acclimated mysids tested at 18, 25 and 32.5C, but did
have a small effect with acclimated larval sheepshead
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) tested at 13, 25 and
32.5C. The chronic toxicity value (the geometric mean
of the highest no-effect concentration and lowest
effect concentration) at pH 8.0, 25C and 31 g/kg salin-
ity is 0.061 mg NH3/L for inland silversides and 0.232
mg NH3/L for mysids; the acutexhronic ratio is 21.3
and 7.2, respectively.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, "Marine fishes, "Ammonia,
Graphs(Charts), pH, Salinity, Bioassay, Larvae, Tem-
perature, Tables(Data), Minnows, Reprints, 'Mysids.
PB90-217670/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
In vitro Studies of Chemical Effects on Qap-Junc-
tlonal Communication: Role of Biotransformation
In Toxicant Detection and Use of Assays In Risk
Assessment. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
A. R. Malcolm, L. J. Mills, and D. L. Robson. c1990,9p
ERLN-981, EPA/600/J-90/024
Pub. in In vitro Toxicology, v3p61 -67 1990. Prepared in
cooperation with Science Applications International
Corp., Narragansett, Rl.
A correlation is emerging between the capacity of
chemical substances to inhibit gap-junctional intercel-
lular communication in vitro and their capacity to
induce reproductive and developmental dysfunction,
neurotoxicity and tumor promotion in vivo. A practical
issue in identifying chemicals affecting gap-junctional
communication in vitro is the role of metabolic prod-
ucts. Phenol, a weak promoter of mouse skin tumors,
failed to inhibit gap-junctional communication between
Chinese hamster V79 lung fibroblasts; however, five
metabolites of phenol suppressed gap-junctional com-
munication in a concentration-related manner. Sodium
cyclamate, a possible promoter of bladder cancer in
rats, weakly inhibited gap-junctional communication in
the same assay; however, three metabolites were
stronger inhibitors than sodium cyclamate. Thus, some
metabolic products may show activity when parent
compounds do not or may show greater activity than
parent compounds.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, In vivo analysis,
Reproduction(Biology), In vitro analysis, Bioassay, Re-
prints, 'Biotransformation, 'Toxic substances, "Inter-
cellular junction, Risk assessment, Chinese hamsters,
Cyclamates.
PB90-217688/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Behavioral Toxicity Syndromes: A Promising Tool
for Assessing Toxicity Mechanisms In Juvenile
Fathead Minnows. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
R. D. A. Drummond, and C. L. Russom. c1990,11 p
EPA/600/J-90/004
Pub. In Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v9
p37-46 1990.
Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were ex-
posed to acutely toxic concentrations of organic
chemicals under flow-through conditions at 2SC for 96
h. Changes in behavior and morphology were system-
atically recorded to develop a plan for classifying these
chemicals. On this basis, three behavioral toxicity syn-
dromes were evident. Each syndrome appears to rep-
resent a different general mode of toxic action. The hy-
poactlvity syndrome, reflecting narcosis, Is character-
ized by depressed locomotor activity, loss of startle re-
sponse and very dark body coloration. The hyperactiv-
ity syndrome, representing metabolic dysfunction (e.g.,
uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation), is character-
ized by greatly accelerated locomotor activity, overre-
action to stimuli and increased ventilatory activity. The
physical deformity syndrome, indicative of neurological
dysfunction (e.g., AChE inhibition), is characterized by
a high incidence of convulsions, tetany, scoliosis/lor-
dosis and hemorrhage in the vertebral area. The clas-
sification approach also should be useful to help delin-
eate specific, underlying mechanisms or sites of chem-
ical action.
Keywords: 'Minnows, 'Toxicity, Tables(Data), Bioas-
say, Reprints, 'Environmental monitoring, 'Water pol-
lution effects(Animal8), Startle reaction, Toxic sub-
stances. Oxidative phosphorylation.
PB90-217696/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Identification of Ammonia as an Important Sedi-
ment-Associated Toxicant In the Lower Fox River
and Green Bay. Wisconsin. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
G. T. Ankley, A. Katko, and J. W. Arthur. c1989,11 p
EPA/600/J-90/029
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v9
p313-322 1990.
Toxicity of sediment pore water from 13 sites in the
lower Fox River/Green Bay watershed was assessed
using a number of test species. Sediment pore water
from the 10 lower Fox River sites exhibited acute toxic-
ity to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and
Ceriodaphnia dubia, and pore water samples from all
13 sites were chronically toxic to C. dubia. Sediment
pore water from seven of the sampling sites was toxic
to Selenastrum capricornutum, but none of the sam-
ples were toxic to Photobacterium phosphoreum. Tox-
icity characterization, identification and confirmation
procedures indicated that a significant amount of the
acute toxicity of the pore water to fathead minnows
and C. dubia was due to ammonia. The identification of
ammonia, a naturally occurring compound in sedi-
ments, as a potentially important sediment-associated
toxicant has implications for sediment toxicity assess-
ment and control, not only in the Fox River and Green
Bay, but in other freshwater and marine systems as
well.
Keywords: 'Ammonia, 'Toxicity, Sediments, Wiscon-
sin, Bioassay, Tables(Data), Minnows, Reprints,
'Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB90-217704/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Estimation of Mutagenlc/Carclnogenlc Potential
of Environmental Contaminants by Ion-Molecule
Reactions and Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Jour-
nal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. A. Freeman, J. V. Johnson, M. E. Hail, R. A. Yost,
and D. W. Kuehl. C1990, Bp EPA/600/J-90/028
Pub. in American Society for Mass Spectrometry, v1
5110-115 1990. Prepared in cooperation with Florida
niv., Gainesville. Dept. of Chemistry.
The ability to produce and detect products of model
DNA/carcinogen ion-molecule reactions is demon-
strated in the ion source and the collision cell of a triple
quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer. Reaction be-
tween adenine and benzoyl chloride in the ion source
is shown to produce the DNA adduct benzoyl adenine.
The daughter ion mass spectrum of the reaction prod-
uct is compared to that of the synthesized standard.
Mass chromatograms of the reaction between mass-
selected pyridine ions and various analytes eluting
from a GC column into the collision cell are demon-
strated and illustrate the ability to detect only the GC
eluates that react with pyridine. This technique could
provide a rapid and sensitive method for screening
complex environmental samples for carcinogens, as
well as for estimating the relative mutagenic/carcino-
genic potential of environmental contaminants.
Keywords: 'Mass spectroscopy, Deoxyribonucleic
acids, Tables(Data), Reprints, Mutagenicity tests,
'Carcinogenicity tests, 'Environmental pollutants,
DNA damage.
PB90-218611/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Portable Instruments User's Manual for Monitor-
ing VOC Sources.
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
J. Busik, and M. Cunningham. Jun88,144p* EPA/
340/1-86/015
Contract EPA-68-02-3963
Prepared In cooperation with Richards Engineering,
Durham, NC. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
promulgated New Source Performance Standards
(NSPS) and National Emission Standards for Hazard-
ous Air Pollutants (NESHAP's) for several categories
of sources that emit volatile organic compounds
(VOC's) and that require monitoring with portable de-
tection instruments. The manual presents information
on the principles of operation of currently available
portable monitors and the field inspection techniques
for the monitor's safe use in both screening and com-
pliance determinations. The manual is intended to be
used by State and local agencies. Th$ level of the in-
spection performed is often determined by the compli-
ance history of the source and the regulatory require-
ments. The EPA has published Reference Method 21
to provide a technical method to test for leaks from
these sources. Method 21 allows the user to select
one of several instruments available on the market if
they meet the specifications and performance require-
ments, discussed in Section 2. A summary of the pub-
lished specifications of many of the portable VOC
monitors is presented in the manual.
Keywords: 'Portable equipment, "Manuals, 'Guide-
lines, Sites, Cost analysis, State government. Local
government, Air pollution control,
Concentration(Composition), Leakage, Incinerators,
Calibrating, Performance evaluation, Design criteria,
Inspection. Safety, 'Volatile organic compounds, 'Air
pollution monitors, 'Pollution sources, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Fugitive emissions, Pollution regulations, Pol-
lution standards, Standards compliance, Air pollution
sampling.
PB90-219031/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Characterization of Puget Sound Marine Fishes:
Survey of Available Data. Final rept.
Washington Univ., Seattle. Fisheries Research Inst.
L. L. Moulton, and B. S. Miller. Oct 87,106p FRI-UW-
8716, EPA/910/9-88/229
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Washington Univ., Seattle.
Sea Grant Program. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Seattle, WA. Region X.
The objective of the report is to provide an inventory of
the more extensive data sets on marine fishes in Puget
Sound. Information on location, date, gear used,
number of sets made, depths sampled, and types of
data recorded were reviewed and included in the in-
ventory to determine if the data were available in suffi-
cient spatial and temporal coverage, and of sufficient
quality, to evaluate trends in the distribution and abun-
dance of selected species over time. Several universi-
ty trawl logs, beach seine data, commercial trawl data,
herring spawning surveys, and sport fishing record
data were identified. In the subsequent Characteriza-
tion Report, data were analyzed for trends in both dis-
tribution and abundance of common and rare species.
Keywords: 'Inventories, 'Marine fishes, 'Puget
Sound, Surveys, Sites, Depth. Spatial distribution,
Abundance, Populations, Species diversity, Trends,
Seasonal variations, Interviews, Fishing equipment,
Sport fishing, Commercial fishing, Trawl data.
PB9O-219049/HSU	PC A15/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Bellingham Bay Action Program: Initial Data Sum-
maries and Problem Identification.
PTI Environmental Services, Bellevue, WA.
D. S. Decker, R. Sonnerup, and J. J. Greene. Aug 89,
330p EPA/910/89-89/042
Contract EPA-68-D8-0085
See also PB84-218122.Portions of this document are
not fully legible. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Seattle, WA. Region X.
The report provides a synthesis of information describ-
ing the geographic extent and severity of estuarine
contamination in Bellingham Bay within Puget Sound
In Washington State. Summaries of existing data are
provided for chemical contamination of sediment and
biota, microbial contamination, eutrophication and
contaminant sources. Original, summarized, tabulated
and mapped data are presented. The objective of the
report is to provide a mechanism for comprehensively
evaluating pollution problems in the more urbanized
embayments and for providing a basis for prioritizing
corrective actions. A decision making framework is
presented for evaluating and prioritizing both sub-
areas within Bellingham Bay and specific contaminant
sources.
Keywords: Water pollution. 'Estuaries, 'Bellingham
Bay, Puget Sound, Sources, Sewage treatment, Com-
bined sewers. Overflows, Runoff, Decision making,
Spoils, Dredging, Sediments, Toxicity, Invertebrates,
Microorganisms, Washington(State), Recommenda-
tions, Maps, Tables(Data), 'Eutrophication, Chemical
spills, Remedial action, Point sources, Nonpoint
sources.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-219064/HSU	PC A99/MF A04
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Elliott Bay Action Program: Analysis of Toxic
Problem Areas. Puget Sound Estuary Program.
Final Report and Appendices. Two Volumes. Final
rept.
P+l Environmental Services, Bellevue, WA.
Jul 88,624p EPA/910/9-88/213
Contract EPA-68-02-4341
See also PB90-197898. Prepared in cooperation with
Tetra Tech, Inc., Bellevue, WA. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA. Region X.
The report presents the results of a field investigation
of the nearshore region of the Elliot Bay/Duwamish
River system, in Seattle. Under the Elliott Bay Urban
Action Program, federal, state, and local agencies co-
operate to respond to toxic contamination problems.
Response actions may include regulatory control of
point and non-point contamination sources, source
treatment, capping or removal of highly contaminated
sediments. The study objectives were to: (1) define
spatial patterns and quantitative relationships between
sediment contamination, toxicity and biological effects;
(2)	identify problem areas of sediment contamination;
(3)	rank problem areas for possible remediation; (4)
identify potential problem chemicals that display high
concentrations in association with biological effects. A
standardized assessment technique used in several
other Puget Sound Estuary Program urban bay
projects was used to identity problem sediments.
Keywords: 'Sediments, "Toxicity, "Invertebrates,
"Water pollution control, "Elliott Bay, "Duwamish
River, Marine fishes, Concentration(Composition),
Pesticides, Chlorine organic compounds, Biphenyl,
Mercury(Metal), Bioassay, Assessments, Ranking,
Washington(State), Tables(Data), Point sources, Non-
point sources, Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB90-219072/HSU	PC A12/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Marine and Estuarine Protection.
Everett Harbor Action Program: Evaluation of Po-
tential Contaminant Sources. Puget Sound Estu-
ary Program. Final rept.
Tetra Tech, Inc., Bellevue, WA.
Sep 88,256p EPA/910/9-88/227
Contract EPA-68-02-4341
See also PB84-218122. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Marine
and Estuarine Protection.
The Puget Sound Urban Bay Action Program for Ever-
ett Harbor was initiated in 1985 by the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency, the Washington State De-
partment of Ecology and other resource management
agencies. Its purpose is to identify and control toxic
contamination in the Port Gardner and lower Snoho-
mish River areas of the harbor. The document reports
the results of source sampling efforts. The potential
sources reviewed included: industrial facilities,
wastewater treatment plants, combined sewer over-
flows, landfills, surface runoff pathways, groundwater,
atmospheric deposition and spills. The source sam-
pling program was designed as an initial screening
survey that would identify problem chemicals in a limit-
ed number of sediments from drains discharging into
Port Gardner and in groundwater samples from three
monitoring wells at the Mukilteo Defense Fuel Supply
Depot. More extensive sampling is needed before po-
tential sources can be properly ranked for further in-
vestigation and control.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Water pollution, "Puget Sound,
Sampling, Industrial plants, Sewage treatment, Earth
fills, Runoff, Ground water, Sources, Sediments, Li-
censes, Air pollution, Washington(State),
Tables(Data), "Everett Harbor, Port Gardner, Chemi-
cal spills, Point sources.
PB90-219163/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Quality Assurance Guidelines for Transmission
Electron Microscopy Asbestos Laboratories.
Chesson Consulting, Washington, DC.
j Chesson, E. Chatfield, J. Rench, and T. Berner. Dec
89, 66p* EPA/560/5-90/002
Prepared'in£oop£rattontith Chatfield Technical Con-
sulting Ltd., Mississauga (Ontario), and Battelle, Arling-
1586 Vol. 90, No. 24
ton, VA. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic Substances.
Guidance is provided for refining quality assurance
programs for transmission electron microscopy asbes-
tos laboratories. Emphasis is provided for interpreting
quality assurance data and controlling laboratory con-
tamination problems.
Keywords: "Guidelines, "Manuals, "Asbestos, "Chem-
ical analysis, "Quality assurance, Performance evalua-
tion, Quality control, Laboratories, Calibrating, Stand-
ards, Sample preparation, Numerical analysis, "Na-
tional Voluntary Laboratory Accredition Program, "Air
pollution detection, "Transmission electron microsco-
py-
PB90-219171/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Preliminary Assessment of Life-Cycle Costs of
Protective Clothing. Final rept. Jan 88-Mar 89.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
A. D. Schwope. Mar 90,45p EPA/600/2-90/021
Contract EPA-68-03-3293
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
Many different types of chemical protective clothing
(CPC) are used to isolate workers at hazardous waste
sites from contact with the potential hazards posed by
chemical wastes. The study was performed to provide
a more quantitative basis for making chemical protec-
tive clothing decisions. The study examined the cost
and quality factors that influence the choice of CPC,
and gathered data on different brands of CPC. The re-
search consisted of three analyses conducted inde-
pendently: a life-cycle cost analysis; an analysis of the
quality of construction and sizing of Tyvek coveralls;
and a survey of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) personnel to pinpoint research and develop-
ment needs for protective clothing other than ensem-
bles and gloves. The study provides preliminary infor-
mation on impact of various factors on clothing costs;
design, quality, and sizing of a limited sample of Tyvek
coveralls; and on the size, availability, and use prob-
lems associated with various types of CPC. Sugges-
tions for future research provided.
Keywords: "Protective clothing, "Cost analysis, "Qual-
ity assurance, Hazardous materials, Comparison, Size
determination, Life(Durability), Toxic substances, Oc-
cupational safety and health.
PB90-219205/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Transport of Macromolecules and Humate Col-
loids through a Sand and a Clay Amended Sand
Laboratory Column. Final rept.
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
C. C. West. Apr 90, 51 p EPA/600/2-90/020
Evaluating contaminant fate in any environment ne-
cessitates determining the compartments into which
the contaminant will distribute. In saturated subsurface
environments the partitioning of a contaminant be-
tween the mobile aqueous phase and the immobile aq-
uifer solid matrix is often the controlling distribution.
The association of a contaminant with immobile solids
results in a reduction in the dissolved mobile concen-
tration of the contaminant, sometimes by orders of
magnitude. However, it has been suggested that
mobile entities such as suspended organic and inor-
ganic colloids and macromolecules may increase the
Apparent' solubility of some contaminants. If this is the
case, then predictions of contaminant transport based
upon a two-phase system may seriously underesti-
mate observed aqueous phase concentratations of
contaminant in laboratory and field studies. The influ-
ence of these entities would need to be addressed by
modeling systems as three phases consisting of immo-
bile sorbed, dissolved and mobile sorbed phases.
There is a good deal of research activity in the areas of
colloid origination, chemistry, stability and mobility. Re-
cently, colloidal entities such as macromolecules and
viruses have been observed to be capable of elutina
prior to conservative solutes in column and field stud-
ies. The intent of the study was to observe the trans-
port of colloid-sized entities and to examine the validity
of two proposed mechanisms by which the phenome-
non may occur in the subsurface.
Keywords: *Columns(Process engineering), "Water
pollution, "Water chemistry, "Colloids, 'Sands, "Clays,
Solubility, Experimental design, Column packings, Col-
loid chemistry, Aquifers, Molecules, Sorption, Particle
size distribution, Polymers, Materials tests, "Environ-
mental transport, "Land pollution, "Subsurface envi-
ronments.
PB90-219395/HSU	PC A11/MF A02
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Direct/Delayed Response Project: Quality Assur-
ance Report for Physical and Chemical Analyses
of Soils from the Northeastern United States.
Lockheed Engineering and Sciences Co., Inc., Las
Vegas, NV.
G. E. Byers, R. D. Van Remortel, J. E. Teberg, M. J.
Miah, and C. J. Palmer. Nov 89, 244p EPA/600/4-89/
037
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
Prepared in cooperation with NSI Technology Services
Corp., Corvallis, OR. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The Northeastern Soil Survey was conducted during
1985 as a synoptic physical and chemical survey to
characterize a statistical sampling of watersheds in a
region of the United States believed to be susceptible
to the effects of acidic deposition. The document ad-
dresses the implementation of a quality assurance pro-
gram and the verification of the analytical data base for
the Northeastern Soil Survey. It is focused primarily to-
wards the users of the data base who will be analyzing
the data and making various assessments and conclu-
sions relating to the effects of acidic deposition on the
soils of the Northeastern region of the United States.
Verification procedures used to analyze laboratory
data are described. Quality is assessed by describing
the detectability, precision, accuracy (interlaboratory
differences), representativeness, completeness, and
comparability of the data for the quality assurance
samples used throughout the soil survey.
Keywords: "Soil surveys, "Sample preparation, "Qual-
ity assurance, "Auditing, "Chemical analysis, Quality
control, Data processing, Laboratories, Comparison,
Acidification, Statistical analysis, Sampling, Chemical
properties, Physical properties, Watersheds, Water
pollution, Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data), Assess-
ments, "Land pollution, "Direct/Delayed Response
Project, "Environmental monitoring, Soil chemistry.
PB90-219403/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Direct/Delayed Response Project: Interlaboratory
Differences in the Northeastern Soil Survey Data.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN. Environmental Sciences
Div.
D. D. Schmoyer, R. S. Turner, and D. A. Wolf. Dec 89,
93p EPA/600/4-89/036
Contract EPA-68-02-3249
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Monitor-
ing Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV. Exposure Assess-
ment Research Div., and Martin Marietta Energy Sys-
tems, Inc., Oak Ridge, TN. Sponsored by Department
of Energy, Washington, DC.
Soil samples collected during the Direct/Delayed Re-
sponse Project (DDRP) northeastern soil survey were
analyzed, using the procedures described in the ana-
lytical methods manual for the DDRP (Cappoet al,
1986), by four different laboratories. Inconsistencies in
results were reported by the different laboratories re-
gardless of use of standardized procedures. Audit
samples Oa, A, Bs, Bw, and C Horizons were included
in the survey. The audit sample data were used for an
interlaboratory comparison to determine if there are
significant differences in the audit sample values re-
ported by the laboratories. The analysis compares the
laboratories to each other rather than to a true audit
value. Such analysis has been completed for each
chemistry variable in the DDRP northeast soil chemis-
try database. Various graphics display the results. If
the samples from each sampling class, region, and
state were uniformly distributed across all the laborato-
ries, the interlaboratory value differences would likely
have little effect on analyses conclusions. However
this is not the case. The significant value differences
among laboratories are not consistent across all audit
horizons, which makes it even more difficult to assess
their effect on data analyses.
Keywords: "Soil surveys, "Sample preparation, 'Audit-
ing, "Quality assurance, Quality control, Sampling
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
analysis, Standards, Water pollution, Acidification,
'Direct/Delayed Response Project, 'Environmental
monitoring, 'Northeast Region(United States), 'Land
pollution, Soil chemistry, Horizontal integration.
PB90-219411/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Impact of NADP/NTN Sampling Protocols on
Winter Storm Estimates of Wet Deposition In Cen-
tral Pennsylvania. Project rept.
Pennsylvania Stats Univ., University Park. Environ-
mental Resources Research Inst.
J. A. Lynch, D. R. DeWalle, and K. Horner. May 90,33p
EPA/600/3-90/044
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
The report describes the field efforts over two snow
seasons in central Pennsylvania. Oue to a prolonged
drought for the past two years, only a limited number of
snow/rain events were sampled. The dynamics of the
situation are such that conditions found at the central
Pennsylvania site are typical for many of the sites in
the wet deposition network. The goal of the project
was to determine if snow chemistry from samples col-
lected in the Aerochem Metrics sampler (used in the
NADP/NTN Network) was representative of the entire
event or was it biased due to field sampling difficulties.
To evaluate the question, the investigators set up
three wet deposition samplers; one that operated in
the normal manner (sensor operated), one that operat-
ed in the normal manner except that it was manually
activated at the start and end of an event, and one that
had the collection buckets changed three times during
an event. Three precipitation volume collection gauges
were also located at the site; one regular gauge, one
gauge that had an Alter shield attached, and one that
nad a Nipher shield attached. Meteorology instrumen-
tation was also installed.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Snow, Deposition, Air
pollution, Samplers, Precipitation(Meteorology), Sites,
Performance evaluation, Winter, Quality assurance,
Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition), Rain
gages, Central region(Pennsylvania), National Atmos-
pheric Deposition Program, Wet methods.
PB90-219429/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Control Technology Center, 1989: A Year of
Growth and a Promising Future. Annual rept. Oct
88-Sep 89.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
C. H. Darvin. Mar 90,42p EPA/600/9-90/017
See also PB89-124622.
The report documents the activity of EPA's Control
Technology Center (CTC) between October 1988 and
September 1989. It discusses the program's history,
its growth during fiscal year 1989 (FY89), and its plans
for the future. In FY89, the CTC experienced signifi-
cant growth. It received more than 800 calls for assist-
ance, representing a 50% increase over FY88. More
than 1000 requests for documents were filled. To fur-
ther expand the scope of the CTC, outreach activities
were also completed at three EPA regional offices and
at least two state agencies. Services provided by the
CTC are of three types: telephone HOTLINE calls,
direct engineering assistance, and technical guidance.
The CTC HOTLINE is a telephone number that state
and local agencies can call for easy access to EPA
personnel who can provide prompt assistance in a va-
riety of ways including consultation, reference to perti-
nent literature, and access to EPA technical data and
analyses. Direct engineering assistance protects are
short term (typically 3 months or less), providing tech-
nical assistance to individual state or local agencies
without regard to the projects' national utility. They are
specific In nsture and may not be applicable to prob-
lems in other locations. Technical guidance projects
are long term (up to a year), broad in scope, and with
national application and impact.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, Forecasting, State
government, Local government, Management plan-
ning, Research projects, 'Toxic substances, 'Control
Technology Center, 'Air quality, 'Technology fore-
casting, National Emission Standards for Hazardous
Air Pollutants, Historical aspects, State implementa-
tion plan, New Source Performance Standards, Pollu-
tion regulations, Pollution sources.
PB90-219635/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Fate of PAH Compounds In Two Soil Types: Influ-
ence of Volatilization, Abiotic Loss and Biological
Activity. Journal article.
Yeungnam Univ., Gyongsan (Republic of Korea). Dept.
of Environmental Engineering.
K. S. Park, R. C. Sims, R. R. DuPont, W. J. Doucette,
and J. E. Matthews. c1990,11 p EPA/600/J-90/026
Contract EPA-R-813211
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v9
n2 p187-195 Feb 90. Prepared in cooperation with
Utah State Univ., Logan. Dept. of Civil and Environ-
mental Engineering. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr En-
vironmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
The fate of 14 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)
compounds was evaluated with regard to interphase
transfer potential and mechanisms of treatment in soil
under unsaturated conditions. Volatilization and abiotic
and biotic fate of the PAMs were determined using two
soils not previously exposed to these compounds. Vol-
atilization accounted for approximately 30 and 20%
loss of naphthalene and 1 -methylnaphthalene, respec-
tively; for the remaining compounds, volatilization was
negligible. Abiotic reactions accounted for approxi-
mately 2 to 20% of the reduction in concentration in
solvent extracts for two- and three-ring PAH com-
pounds; no statistically significant reduction was ob-
served for PAH compounds containing greater than
three aromatic rings. Biotic mechanisms were quanti-
fied as first-order rate constants corrected for volatili-
zation and abiotic mechanisms. Half-life values in-
creased from approximately 2 to 60 to more than 300 d
for two-, three- and four- and five-ring PAH com-
pounds, respectively. In general, biological degrada-
tion rates were not significantly different between the
two soils. Information concerning interphase transfer
Cotential and mechanisms of treatment provides the
asis for a rational approach to remediation of soil
contaminated with PAH compounds. (Copyright (c)
1990 SETAC.)
Keywords: 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, 'Vola-
tility, Half life, Biodeterioration, Reprints, *Soil pollut-
ants.
PB90-219643/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Initial Test of the Benchmark Chemical Approach
for Predicting Microbial Transformation Rates In
Aquatic Environments. Journal article.
Technology Applications, Inc., Athens, GA.
T. D. Newton, D. K. Gattie, and D. L. Lewis. C1990,6p
EPA/600/J-90/003
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v56
n1 p288-291 Jan 90. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab., Athens, GA.
Using 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid methyl ester
(2,4-DME) as a benchmark chemical, the authors de-
termined relative pseudo-first-order rate coefficients
for butoxyethyl ester of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid (2,4-DBE), methyl parathion, and methyl-3-chloro-
benzoate in a diversity of microbial samples, including
water, sediment, biofilm, and floating microbial mats
collected from a laboratory mesocosm as well as from
streams, lakes, and wetlands in Georgia and Florida.
The decreasing order of reactivity for relative microbial
transformation rates was 2,4-DBE>2,4-
DME > methyl-3-chlorobenzene > methyl parathion.
Half-lives of the chemicals varied about 60-foid de-
pending on the chemical and microbial sample. Rela-
tive rate coefficients, however, typically varied only
about threefold for field-collected samples. Relative
rate coefficients determined with samples from a labo-
ratory mesocosm were consistently low compared
with the field sample data. Overall, tne data indicated
that microbial transformation rates of a chemical can
be satisfactorily inferred for a wide variety of microbial
habitats-such as water, biofilm, or a sediment-on the
basis of its transformation rate relative to that of an ap-
propriate benchmark chemical by using a single type
of microbial sample. (Copyright (c) 1990, American So-
ciety for Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Microorganisms, 'Reaction kinetics, 'Bio-
deterioration, 'Environmental surveys, 'Water pollu-
tion, 'Chemical compounds, Field tests. Experimental
design, Sampling, Sediments, Films, Microbiology, Re-
prints, 'Benchmarks, 'Environmental persistence,
'Biochemical reaction kinetics, Acetic acid/(methyl-
ester)-dichlorophenoxy, Technology utilization, Float-
ing mats, Biological effects, Biological indicators, Ben-
zoic acid/(methyl-ester)-chloro, Parathion/methyl,
Acetic acid/(butoxyethyl-ester)-dichlorophenoxy.
PB90-219650/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Acquisition and Analysis of Groundwater/Aquifer
Samples: Current Technology and the Trade off
between Quality Assurance and Practical Consid-
erations. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA. Office of
Research and Development.
N. T. Loux, A. W. Garrison, and C. R. Chafin. C1990,
25p EPA/600/J-90/027
Pub. in International Jnl. of Environmental Analytical
Chemistry, v38 n3 p231-253 1990. Prepared in coop-
eration with Technology Applications, Inc., Athens,
GA.
In the migration of a high-oraanic-carbon-content land-
fill leachate through the subsurface environment, the
mobility of inorganic contaminants can be seriously in-
fluenced by oxidation-reduction, complexatlon, precipi-
tation and adsorption processes. These processes, in
turn, depend on the dissolved major (and minor) ele-
ment composition, dissolved gas content, degree of
equilibrium and the nature of the aquifer surfaces ex-
posed to groundwater. Groundwater, aquifer material
and municipal landfill leachate samples were collected
from various locations within the continental United
States. These samples were characterized in terms of
elemental composition, pH, Eh, dissolved gases and
solid phase characteristics (Specific Surface Area,
CEC, extractable amorphous components, identifiable
crystalline components, etc.). Batch distribution be-
havior studies were performed with these samples with
14 potential metals and metaloids of concern to the
EPA. Of more interest to the analytical chemist, how-
ever, are the manifold sampling, analytical and inter-
pretative problems encountered: (1) What are the
major sources of error in terms of the necessary exper-
tise and equipment for sample acquisition. (2) Can
samples be collected in an unperturbed manner and
what is the best method to collect them. (3) How
meaningful are field pH, Eh, dissolved oxygen and al-
kalinity measurements. How stable are these values.
(4) Are current procedures sufficient for modeling at-
tenuation processes. (Copyright (c) 1990 Gordon and
Breach, Science Publishers, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, "Ground water,
"Aquifers, "Water analysis, "Earth fills, Leaching, Dis-
solved	gases,	Equilibrium,
Concentration(Composition), Quality control, Quality
assurance, Site surveys, Error analysis, Sample prepa-
ration, pH, Alkalinity, Reprints, 'Subsurface environ-
ments, "Water pollution detection, "Water pollution
sampling, Environmental transport, Municipal wastes.
PB90-219668/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Continuous-Flow Method for Measuring Effects of
Chemicals on Soil Nitrification. Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A. N. Rhodes, and C. W. Hendricks. c1990,16p EPA/
600/J-90/008
Pub. in Toxicity Assessment: An International Jnl., v5
p77-89 1990. Prepared in cooperation with Air Force
Academy, CO.
Because the productivity of terrestrial ecosystems is
directly related to microbial nutrient cycling, under-
standing the effects of chemical contaminants on soil
microbial processes is important. The study examined
the effects of two model chemicals - Roundup (glypho-
sate) and N-Serve (nitrapyrin) - on nitrifying organisms
in static, perfusion, and continuous-flow culture sys-
tems. Experimental concentrations were approximate-
ly 1,10 and 100 X the spot application rate. Both prod-
ucts were shown to inhibit nitrification jn the treated
soils. Roundup significantly reduced nitrification at 6.8
and 68 mg/g dry soil. N-Serve completely inhibited ni-
trification at levels greater than 42 mg/g dry soil in all
cultural methods. In comparative studies with static
batch and perfusion culture techniques, the continu-
ous-flow system proved to be both reliable and useful
in the culture of nitrifying bacteria. The method pro-
vides an aiternatjve to traditional culture techniques in
measuring chemical effects on microbial geochemical
cycles and provides a new method for use in toxicity
testing.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Soil surveys, "Nu-
trients, "Microorganisms, "Nitrification, "Continuous
sampling, Plant growth. Herbicides, Site surveys, Soil
tests, Nitrobacteraceae, Statistical analysis, Chemical
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
analysis, Reprints, 'Terrestrial ecosystems, 'Land pol-
lution, Roundup, N-serve.
PB90-219676/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Ozone Effects on Agricultural Crops: Statistical
Methodologies and Estimated Dose-Response
Relationships. Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
V. M. Lesser, J. O. Rawlings, S. E. Spruill, and M. C.
Somerville. C1990,10p EPA/600/J-90/007
Pub. in Crop Science, v30 p148-155 1990. Prepared in
cooperation with North Carolina Agricultural Research
Service, Raleigh.
The National Crop Loss Assessment Network
(NCLAN) began in 1980 to coordinate research on the
investigation of the impact of ozone on agricultural
crops. A major objective was to develop dose-re-
sponse relationships between yield of major agricultur-
al crop species and ozone pollution in order to esti-
mate the economic effects of ozone. The paper re-
ports on the statistical methodologies used in combin-
ing the dose-response information for each species
over sites and years, and serves as a summary of the
ozone dose-response relationships obtained from the
NCLAN studies. All dose-response relationships be-
tween yield and ozone were characterized with the pol-
ynomial response function and the nonlinear Weibull
response function. The paper presents the general
methodology for both models and the dose response
equations for the Weibull model.
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Farm crops, 'Air pollution,
Dosage, Yield, Economic factors,
Tolerances(Physiology), Sites, Response, Mathemati-
cal models, Weibull model.
PB90-219684/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Changes In Mallard 'Anas platyrhynchos' Serum
Chemistry Due to Age, Sex, ana Reproductive
Condition. Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A. Fairbrother, M. A. Craig, K. Walker, and D.
O Loughlin. C1990,13p EPA/600/J-90/023
Pub. in Jnl. of Wildlife Diseases, v26 n1 p67-77 1990
Prepared in cooperation with Oregon State Univ., Cor-
vallis. School of Veterinary Medicine, and California
Univ., Davis. School of Veterinary Medicine.
Selected serum constituents were analyzed from 50
adult mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) of both sexes
during several stages of reproduction: pre-egg laying,
egg-laying, incubating, molting, and postreproductive.
Similar assays were conducted on sera from duckling
• ,,, Says old- Values for total protein (TPR), albu-
min glucose (GLU), gamma-glutamyl transfer-
ase (GGT), calcium (CA), phosphorus (PHOS) and
magnesium (MG) differed by sex. When all data were
combined and analyzed for sex-related differences
within each reproductive condition separately, all
assays except lactate dehydrogenase (LD-L), cholin-
esterase (CHE), alanine aminotransferase (ALT),
aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine (CRN)
and direct bilirubin (BIDI) differed between sexes
during one or more reproductive periods. Each assay
showed differences among the various reproductive
conditions regardless of gender. The pattern of
change differed between sexes.
Keywords: 'Ducks, 'Blood chemical analysis,
'Reproduction(Biology), Bilirubin, Cholinesterase,
Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), Lactate dehydrogen-
ase, Creatinine, Reprints, *Age factors, "Sex factors,
Alanine aminotransferase.
PB90-219692/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Differential White Blood Cell Values of the Mallard
('Anas platyrtiynchos') Across Different Ages and
Reproductive States. Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A. Fairbrother, and D. O'Loughlin. cl 990,7p EPA/
600/J-90/022
Pub. in Jnl. of Wildlife Diseases, v26 n1 p78-82 1990.
Prepared in cooperation with California Univ., Davis.
School of Veterinary Medicine.
Differential white cell counts were recorded for adult
mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) of both sexes dunng
several stages of reproduction: pre-egg laying, egg-
laying, incubating, molting, and postreproductive. Simi-
lar counts were made for young birds from 5 to 60 days
of age. There were no significant differences amongst
the cell ratios due to sex or reproductive state of the
adult birds. Nonlaying and laying birds had similar num-
bers of thrombocytes which were significantly greater
than thrombocyte numbers of incubating, molting, or
postreproductive birds. Young birds had a decrease in
the percent lymphocytes from 50 to 60+ days of age
and a concomitant, compensating increase in percent
heterophils. Thrombocyte numbers increased from 5
days old to a peak at 18 days of age, after which they
did not vary significantly. (Copyright (c) Wildlife Dis-
ease Association 1990.)
Keywords: 'Leukocytes, 'Reproduction(Biology),
'Ducks, Blood platelets, Eggs, Graphs(Charts), Re-
prints, 'Age factors.
PB90-219700/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Radon Mitigation In Schools: Case Studies of
Radon Mitigation Systems Installed by EPA In
Four Maryland Schools Are Presented. Journal arti-
cle.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
D. Saum, A. B. Craig, and K. Leovic. C1990,8p EPA/
600/J-90/010
Pub. in American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and
Air Conditioning Engineers Jnl., v32 n2 p20-25 Feb 90.
See also PB90-219718. Prepared in cooperation with
Infiltec, Falls Church, VA.
The first part of the two-part paper discusses radon
entry into schools, radon mitigation approaches for
schools, and school characteristics (e.g., heating, ven-
tilation, and air conditioning - HVAC - system design
and operating) that influence radon entry and mitiga-
tion system design. The second part discusses specif-
ic mitigation systems that were installed by the U.S.
EPA in four Maryland schools. HVAC systems in
schools vary considerably and tend to have a greater
impact on pressure differentials: and consequently on
radon levels than do heating and air conditioning sys-
tems in houses. If the HVAC system induces a nega-
tive pressure relative to the subslab area, radon can be
'pulled' into the building. If the HVAC system pressur-
izes the building, it can prevent radon entry as long as
the fan is running. However, school HVAC systems are
normally set back or turned off on evenings and week-
ends and, even if the HVAC system pressurizes the
school during operation, indoor radon levels may build
up during the setback periods.
Keywords: "School buildings, 'Radon, "Pollution con-
trol, Air conditioning, Ventilation, Heating, Soils, Pres-
sure, Substructures, Emission, Design, Operations,
Reprints, 'Indoor air pollution, Case studies, 'Soil gas.
PB90-219718/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Radon Mitigation In Schools: HVAC Systems In
Schools Tend to Have a Greater Impact on Radon
Levels Than HVAC Systems In Homss. Journal arti-
cle Feb 88-Nov 89.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
K. W. Leovic, A. B. Craig, and D. W. Saum. c1990,6p
EPA/600/J-90/009
Pub. in American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and
Air Conditioning Engineers Jnl., v32 n1 p40,42, 44,45,
Jan 90. See also PB90-219700. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Infiltec, Falls Church, VA.
The first part of the two-part paper discusses radon
entry into schools, radon mitigation approaches for
schools, and school characteristics (e.g., heating, ven-
tilation, and air-conditioning-HVAC-system design
and operating) that influence radon entry and mitiga-
tion system design. The second part discusses specif-
ic mitigation systems that were installed by the U.S.
EPA in four Maryland schools. HVAC systems in
schools vary considerably and tend to have a greater
impact on pressure differentials—and consequently on
radon leveis-than do heating and air-conditioning sys-
tems in houses. If the HVAC system induces a nega-
tive pressure relative to the subslab area, radon can be
'pulled' into the building. If the HVAC system pressur-
izes the building, it can prevent radon entry as long as
the fan is running. However, school HVAC systems are
normally set back or turned off on evenings and week-
ends and, even if the HVAC system pressurizes the
school during operation, Indoor radon levels may build
up during the setback periods. The primary mode of
radon entry into a school with significantly elevated
radon levels is normally from soil gas that is drawn in
by pressure differentials between the soil surrounding
the substructure and the building interior.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'School buildings, 'Environmental
engineering, Radioactive materials, Houses, Compari-
son, Air conditioning, Heating, Ventilation, Design cri-
teria, Operating, Pressure distribution, Reprints,
'Indoor air pollution, 'Air pollution sampling, Soil
gases, Stationary sources.
PB90-219726/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Destruction of Volatile Organic Compounds Using
Catalytic Oxidation. Journal article Apr 87-Dec 88.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
M. Kosusko, and C. M. Nunez. C1990, 9p EPA/600/j-
90/025
Pub. in Jnl. of Air Waste Management Association v40
n2 p254-259 Feb 90. See also PB89-221261.
Catalytic oxidation is an air pollution control technique
in which volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and
vapor-phase air toxics in an air emission stream are
oxidized with the help of a catalyst. Design of catalytic
systems for control of point source emissions is based
on stream-specific characteristics and desired control
efficiency, the paper discusses the key emission
stream characteristics and VOC characteristics that
affect the applicability of catalytic oxidation. The appli-
cation of catalytic oxidation technology to four types of
air emission sources is discussed: (1) groundwater
stripping operations; (2) graphic arts facilities; (3) flexo-
graphic printing plants; and (4) latex monomer produc-
tion. The characteristics of each of these emissions
are discussed along with the catalytic technology used
to control these emissions. (Copyright (c) 1990 - Air
and Waste Management Association.)
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Catalysis, 'Oxida-
tion, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Ground
water, Ffoxography, Heat exchangers, Industrial
wastes, Rubber industry, Latex, Graphfc arts, Reprints,
'Volatile organic compounds, 'Point sources, incin-
eration, Waste gas recovery.
PB90-219734/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
GAC Adsorption and Infrared Reactivation: A
Case Study. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH
Drinking Water Research Div.
W. E. Koffskey, and B. W. Lykins. C1990,13p EPA/
600/J-90/032
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association d48-
56 Jan 90. See also PB89-110134.
To study the effectiveness of GAC and on-site reacti-
vation, a research cooperative agreement was devel-
oped between EPA and Jefferson Parish, Louisiana
Under the agreement, (3) one million gallon per day
(mgd) GAC contactors were constructed and an infra-
red furnace was purchased. The major objectives of
the research effort were to assess the performance
and costs of removing trace organic contaminants and
surrogates from lower Mississippi River drinking water
by GAC and to evaluate the effect of multiple reactiva-
tions of exhausted GAC. The paper presents experi-
ences with operating GAC contactors and an on-site
infrared reactivator. Also, surrogate and trihalometh-
ane data are presented for comparison of the perform-
ance of virgin and subsequently reactivated carbon.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Potable water, Water
pollution control, Performance evaluation, Cost analy-
sis, Organic compounds, Assessments, Operating
Mississippi River, Adsorption, Reprints, "Granular acti-
vated carbon treatment, 'Infrared furnace reactivation
Trace amounts, Halomethanes, Case studies US
EPA, Jefferson Parish(Louisiana).
PB90-219742/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Unified Wet Deposition Data Summaries for North
America: Data Summary Procedures and Result*
for 1980-1986. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab
A. R. Olsen, E. C. Voldner, D. S. Bigelow, W. H. Chan
and T. L. Clark. c1990,14p EPA/600/J-90/031
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v24A n3 p661-672
1990. Prepared in cooperation with Battelie Pacfflr
Northwest Labs., Richland, WA., Colorado State Univ
Fort Collins. Natural Resource Ecology Lab. Atmoal
pheric Environment Service, Downsview (Ontario) and
Ontario Ministry of the Environment Toronto.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The paper presents a general framework for data qual-
ity assessment of annual and seasonal wet deposition
data summaries. Primary consideration has been given
to (1) using data from regional or national networks
with established quality assurance programs and doc-
umented network operation protocols, (2) assessing
regional representativeness of each site, (3) determin-
ing quantitative data completeness measures used to
define data completeness levels, and (4) explicitly stat-
ing the calculation procedures used to compute pre-
cipitation-weighted average concentrations and total
deposition. Tne procedures described are applied to
data collected in 1984 by the CAPMoN, APIOS,
MAP3S, NADP/NTN, and UAPSP monitoring networks
in North America and annual sulfate summaries are re-
ported. It is recommended that the concepts of site
representativeness levels, data completeness levels,
and overall data quality levels be adopted by others
and routinely be reported along with a data summary.
Further work on assessing accuracy and precision to
accompany the data quality levels is required.
Keywords: 'Deposition, 'Precipitation(Meteorology),
Data processing, Acidification, Site surveys,
Concentration(Composition), Seasonal variations,
Quality control, Quality assurance, Tabies(Data), Re-
prints, *Wet methods, "Acid rain, *Air pollution sam-
pling, 'Eastern Region(North America), Unified Depo-
sition Database Committee, Regional analysis, Annual
variations.
PB90-219759/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Compact Colled Denuder for Atmospheric Sam-
Kllng. Journal article.
ISP Corp., Minneapolis, MN.
D. Y. H. Pul, C. W. Lewis, C. J. Tsai, and B. H. Liu.
C1990, 8p EPA/600/J-90/030
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v24
n3 p307-312 1990. Prepared in cooperation with Min-
nesota Univ., Minneapolis. Particle Technology Lab.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
A 10 slpm coiled denuder has been designed and ex-
perimentally characterized. Its geometrical parameters
and operating characteristics are summarized in Table
II. The gas collection efficiency for S02 exceeds 99%
and thus Is comparable with annular denuder efficien-
cies. Experiment has shown that the particle loss is
small for neutral particles in the size range 0.015-2.5
micro m. Particle loss measurements also Indicate that
the unit can operate equally well in any orientation.
The short axial length (6 cm) of the coiled denuder has
the advantage that a denuder train of multiple units in
series will have a total length that is substantially less
than a corresponding train of annular denuders. (Copy-
right (c) 1990 American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Atmospheric composition, 'Aerosols,
'Samplers, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
Particles, Heat transfer, Mass transfer, Reprints, "Air
pollution sampling, 'Compact coiled denuders.
PB90-219874/HSU	PC A10/MF A02
Medical Waste Management In the United State*.
First Interim Report to Congress. Interim rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
May 90,213p* EPA/530/SW-90/051A
Under Subtitle J of RCRA, EPA is to report to Con-
gress on several aspects of medical waste manage-
ment and the demonstration program for tracking
medical wastes. The report is the first in a series of 3
reports which are required by, and address the topics
specified in, RCRA Section 1100(a). Medical wastes
that are subject to the demonstration program regula-
tions are generated primarily by hospitals, and com-
prise approximately 0.3% by weight of the municipal
solid waste stream. Wastes from home health care,
which are not 'medical wastes' under the definition of
RCRA 1004(4), are likely to contain a significant
number of syringes-one of the medical items of con-
cern to Congress when it enacted the Medical Waste
Tracking Act of 1988.
Keywords: 'United States, Public health, Waste treat-
ment, Cost analysis, State government, Local govern-
ment, Waste disposal, Exposure, 'Waste manage-
ment, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.
'Medical establishments, 'Municipal wastes, 'Medical
Waste Tracking Act of 1988, Demonstration programs,
Pollution regulations, Pollution sources, Source reduc-
tion, Waste utilization, Waste recycling, Hospital
wastes, Health hazards, Health services.
PB90-220393/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1989.
Volume 1. Statewide Summary. Annual rept.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
A. J. Burns. Apr 90,119p IEPA/WPC/90-106A
See also Volume 2, PB90-220401 .Portions of this doc-
ument are not fully legible.
A Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program initiated by the
Illinois EPA in 1981 was continued in 1989. Citizens
were trained to measure Secchi disc transparency,
total depth, and record field observations from a boat
at designated sites on their chosen lake. Readings
were to be taken at least twice a month from May
through October, and the results forwarded to the
Agency. In addition, volunteers for 43 lakes collected
water samples for analysis of nutrients and suspended
solids when performing the Secchi monitoring. The
report provides a historical perspective of the Volun-
teer Lake Monitoring Program and describes program
objectives and rationale. Two hundred and twenty-five
volunteers participated in monitoring 160 lakes in
1989; 139 lakes had data for 4 or more sampling peri-
ods and are included in the report.
Keywords: 'Monitoring, 'Lakes, 'Water pollution, 'Illi-
nois, Citizen participation, Depth, Color, Nutrients, Per-
sonnel development, Sampling, Data processing, Peri-
odic variations, Collecting methods, 'Water quality
data, Trophic level, Suspended solids.
PB90-220401/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1989.
Volume 2. Northwestern Illinois Region. Annual
rept.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
A. J. Burns. Apr 90,42p IEPA/WPC/90-106B
See also Volume 1, PB90-220393 and Volume 4,
PB90-220427.
The report is Vol. 2 of a series of 7 reports summariz-
ing Illinois EPA's 1989 Volunteer Lake Monitoring Pro-
gram (VLMP). It provides a summary of 1989 VLMP
lakes in Northwestern Illinois a program overview, vol-
unteer participation, and a ranking of lakes on a re-
gional basis. Twenty-five volunteers recorded total
depth, Secchi disc transparency, and field observa-
tions for 21 lakes in Northwestern Illinois between May
and October, 1989. Average transparencies ranged
from 10-122 inches. Volunteer water quality samples
were collected at 2 lakes once every month from May
thru October and ambient lake data is presented for 2
lakes.
Keywords: 'Monitoring, 'Lakes, 'Water pollution, Citi-
zen participation, Depth, Transparence, Color, Algae,
Suspended sediments. Aquatic weeds, Nitrogen, Am-
monium compounds, Phosphorus, Temperature,
Oxygen, Dissolved gases, Ranking, Alkalinity,
Tables(Data), 'Water quality data, Trophic level,
Northwestern Reglon(lllinois).
PB90-220419/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1988.
Volume 3. Northeastern Illinois Region.
Northeastern Illinois Planning Commission, Chicago.
H. L. Hudson. Sep 89,108p IEPA/WPC-89-089C
See also PB89-235956, PB89-235964 and PB89-
194740. Sponsored by Illinois State Environmental
Protection Agency, Springfield. Div. of Water Pollution
Control.
The Illinois Environmental Protection Agency initiated
the Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program (VLMP) in
1981 as a result of growing public interest in lakes and
the need to expand the state's data base on lake water
quality. The volunteer also records a series of field ob-
servations such as water color, suspended sediment
and algae, aquatic weeds, and weather conditions. Pa-
rameters monitored include total and volatile suspend-
ed solids, nitrate+nitrite nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen,
and total phosphorus. The report is Volume 3 of the
following series of seven reports summarizing the
1988 VLMP.
Keywords: "Monitoring, 'Lakes, 'Water pollution, Citi-
zen participation, Depth, Transparence, Color, Algae,
Suspended sediments, Aquatic weeds, Nitrogen. Am-
monium compounds, Phosphorus, Temperature,
Oxygen, Dissolved gases, Ranking, Alkalinity,
Tabies(Data), 'Water quality data, Trophic level,
'Northeastern Region(lllinois).
PB90-220427/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1989.
Volume 4. West-Central Illinois Region. Annual
rept.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
A. J. Burns. Apr 90,73p IEPA/WPC/90-106D
See also Volume 2, PB90-220401 and Volume 5,
PB90-220435.
The report is Vol. 4 of a series of 7 reports summariz-
ing Illinois EPA's 1989 Illinois Volunteer Lake Monitor-
ing Program (VLMP). It provides a summary of 1989
VLMP lakes in West-Central Illinois a program over-
view, volunteer participation, and a ranking of lakes on
a regional basis. Forty-four volunteers recorded total
depth, Secchi disc transparency, and field observa-
tions for 28 lakes in West-Central Illinois between May
and October, 1989. Average transparencies ranged
¦from 11-127 inches. Volunteer water quality samples
were collected at 12 lakes once every month from May
thru October and ambient lake data, collected by IEPA
staff, is presented for six lakes.
Keywords: 'Monitoring, 'Lakes, 'Water pollution, Citi-
zen participation, Depth, Transparence, Color, Algae,
Suspended sediments, Aquatic weeds, Nitrogen, Am-
monium compounds, Phosphorus, Temperature,
Oxygen, Dissolved gases, Ranking, Alkalinity,
Tables(Data), 'Water quality data, Trophic level, West-
Central Region(lllinois).
PB90-220435/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1989.
Volume 5. East-Central Illinois Region. Annual rept.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
A. J. Burns. Apr 90,69p IEPA/WPC/90-106E
See also Volume 4, PB90-220427.
The report is Vol. 5 of a series of 7 reports summariz-
ing Illinois EPA's 1989 Illinois Volunteer Lake Monitor-
ing Program (VLMP). It provides a program overview,
summary of 1989 VLMP lakes in East-Central Illinois
volunteer participation and a ranking of lakes on a re-
gional basis. Thirty-five volunteers recorded total
depth, Secchi disc transparency, and field observa-
tions for 28 lakes in East-Central Illinois between May
and October, 1989. Average transparencies ranged
from 9-68 inches. Volunteer water quality samples
were collected at 7 lakes once eveiy month from May
thru October and ambient lake data, collected by IEPA
staff, is presented for seven lakes.
Keywords: 'Monitoring, 'Lakes, 'Water pollution, Citi-
zen participation, Depth, Transparence, Color, Algae,
Suspended sediments, Aquatic weeds, Nitrogen, Am-
monium compounds, Phosphorus, Temperature,
Oxygen, Dissolved gases, Ranking, Alkalinity,
TablesfData), 'Water quality data, Trophic level,
'East-Central Region(lllinois).
PB90-220476/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Normas V Procedlmlentos Para TSA: Resumen del
Nuevo Reglamento para Siitemas de Tanques
Subterraneos para Almacenamlento (Standards
and Procedures (or TSA: Summary of New Regu-
lations for Underground Storage Tanks).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Underground Storage Tanks.
Mar 90,47p EPA/530/UST-90/001
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has written
regulations for many of the nation's underground stor-
age tank systems. The booklet briefly describes in
Spanish the technical requirements for these systems,
which include tanks and piping. The complete regula-
tions were published as Part II, of the Federal Register
on September 23,1988; Underground Storage Tanks:
Technical Requirements and State Program Approval;
Final Rules 40 CFR Parts 280 & 281.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Storage tanks, "Underground storage,
'Regulations, Corrosion, Materials tests, Leakage,
Weathering, Life(Durability), "Environmental protec-
tion, "Land pollution, US EPA, Environmental trans-
port.
PB90-220492/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Background Information Document: Procedures
Approved for Demonstrating Compliance with 40
CFR Part 61, Subpart 1.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Oct 89,140p EPA/520/1-89/001
The purpose of the document is to provide information
supporting the procedures developed for NRC-li-
censed and non-DOE Federal facilities to use in dem-
onstrating compliance with the radionuclides NESHAP
(National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollut-
ants) (40 CFR 61, Subpart I). Specifically, the Back-
ground Information Document has the following objec-
tives: to provide the basis for the calculational and an-
alytical methods approved for determining emissions;
and to provide the basis for the procedures approved
for demonstrating compliance with the dose limits of
the standard. Particular emphasis is given to the deri-
vation and use of emission factors to estimate the
quantities of material handled that become airborne
and to the adjustment factors for effluent controls,
which may be applied to the quantities to estimate
emissions. Within the restrictions given, these emis-
sion factors and effluent control adjustment factors
may be used in lieu of measured release rates in deter-
mining compliance with the standard.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, Regulations, Dosim-
etry, Licenses, Tables(Data), Nuclear reactors, "Air
pollution standards, "Radioactive effluents, "Fission
product release, US NRC, US EPA, National emission
standards for hazardous air pollutants, Emission fac-
tors, Compliance, Atmospheric dispersion, Radiophar-
maceuticals, Uranium mills.
PB90-220500/HSU	pc A06/MF A01
Manual for the Certification of Laboratories Ana-
lyzing Drinking Water - Criteria and Procedures
Quality Assurance (Third Edition).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Drinking Water.
Apr 90,104p EPA/570/9-90/008
Supersedes PB85-165991.
The manual describes the operational and technical
critena and procedures EPA will use to evaluate a lab-
oratory for its ability to properly analyze a regulated mi-
crobiological, chemical, or radiochemical drinking
water contaminant. The certification Drogram de-
scribed in the manual extends to the EPA Regional
laboratories, principal State laboratories in States
which have primary enforcement responsibility (prima-
cy), and to all laboratories that perform analyses under
the SDWA in the few States without primacy. The vast
majority of primacy States have their own laboratory
certification programs. Although many of them use the
EPA's program as presented in the manual, individual
State programs should be contacted to insure equiva-
lency with State requirements.
Keywords: "Drinking water, "Laboratories, "Licenses,
"Water pollution abatement, Manuals, Operations,
Evaluation, Test methods, Microbiology, Chemical
analysis, Organic compounds, State government, Re-
quirements, Law enforcement, Safe Drinking Water
Act, Certification.
PB90-220518/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Predicting Movement of Selected Metals in Soli:
Application to Disposal Problems.
Arizona Univ., Tucson. Dept. of Soils, Water and Engi-
neering.
W. H. Fuller. Jan 90,6p EPA/600/M-89/023
Grant EPA-80S731	.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
Data from laboratory column studies of movement of
selected metals in Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
leachate through soils from several parts of the U.S.
were used as a base for developing simple field-onent-
ed tools for predicting pollutant movement. The metals
studied were arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium,
copper, iron, mercury, nickel, lead, selenium, vanadi-
1590 Vol. 90, No. 24
urn and zinc. Principal variables in the laboratory study
and in the models were (a) soil physical/chemical
properties such as clay content, pH, and iron/manga-
nese hydrousoxide content, and, (b) leachate proper-
ties such as total organic carbon (TOC) and total salts.
The first model was based on the Lapidus and Amund-
son (L-A) equation. A simpler, more adaptable model
based on the Error Function equation was developed
and tested. Predictions for rates of metal movement
through soil in municipal solid waste leachates were
equally effective by either model but the L-A method of
developing the model was somewhat more difficult.
Movement rates and soil and leachate characteristics
that influences rates were identified: the results have
not been incorporated into the model.
Keywords: "Municipalities, "Solid waste disposal,
"Pollution control, "Soil properties, Metals, Flow rate,
Mathematical models, Laboratories, Containers, Test
methods, Soil chemistry, Clay soils, Adsorption,
"Leachate, Total organic carbon.
PB90-220526/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 8):
East Helena, MT. (First Remedial Action), Novem-
ber 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
22 Nov 89,190p EPA/ROD/R08-90/027
The 80-acre East Helena site, in East Helena, Lewis
and Clark County, Montana, is a primary lead smelting
facility that has been in operation since 1888. Prickly
Pear Creek flows near the site and has been found to
contain elevated levels of arsenic and lead. A 1984 re-
medial investigation identified elevated levels of metal
contamination in soil, livestock, plants, and ground and
surface waters with the sources of onsite contamina-
tion being primary and fugitive emissions and seepage
from process ponds and process fluid circuitry. The pri-
mary contaminants of concern in the process ponds
are metals including arsenic and lead. The selected re-
medial action for this site includes excavating and
smelting 55,150 cubic yards of soil and/or sediment
from all four process ponds and multi-media monitor-
ing after individual remedial activities are implemented
at three of the process pond areas.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Hazardous materials, "Waste
disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Metals, Ar-
senic, Lead(Metal), Smelters, Ponds, Ground waters,
Soils, Excavation, Smelting, Containment, Fluid filtra-
tion, "Superfund, Record of Decision, First Remedial
Action, "East Heiena(Montana).
PB90-220534/HSU	PC A19/MF AOS
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9):
Nineteenth Avenue Landfill, Phoenix, AZ. (First
Remedial Action), September 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89,433p EPA/ROD/R09-89/042
The 213-acre Nineteenth Avenue Landfill is in an in-
dustrial area of Maricopa County, Phoenix, Arizona.
State permitted landfill operations were conducted
from 1957 to 1979 during which time approximately
nine million cubic yards of municipal refuse, solid and
liquid industrial wastes, and some medical wastes and
materials containing low levels of radioactivity were
deposited in the landfill. The State ordered the landfill
closed in 1979 due to the periodic inundation of the
landfill by flood waters from the Salt River Channel.
Subsequently, the city covered the site with fill, stock-
piled soil for final capping, installed ground water moni-
toring wells, built berms around the landfill, and in-
stalled a methane gas collection system. The remedial
action is designed to mitigate threats resulting from
flooding of the landfill, whicn has occurred intermittent-
ly since 1965. The primary contaminants of concern in
the soil/refuse include VOCs such as toluene and xy-
lenes.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Hazardous materials, "Waste
disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Industrial
wastes, Toluene, Soils, Flooding, Xylenes, Drains,
Levees, Ground water, Monitoring, Cost estimates, Ari-
zona, "Superfund, Record of Decision, First Remedial
Action, Volatile organic compounds, Phoenix(Arizona).
PB90-220542/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Forest Glen Subdivision, Niagara Falls, NY. (First
Remedial Action), December 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Dec 89,165p EPA/ROD/R02-90/099
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Forest Glen Subdivision site consists of 21 acres
of developed residential properties and undeveloped
land in Niagara Fall, Niagara County, New York. Land
in the area surrounding the Forest Glen subdivision is
used for residential and industrial purposes, including a
mobile home park, small shopping mall, and the
CECOS Landfill. Chemical companies reportedly dis-
posed of wastes onsite from the early 1950s to the
early 1970s. Sampling by EPA's Field Investigation
Team revealed the presence of high concentrations of
unknown and tentatively identified compounds (TICs)
in August 1987, and further soil sampling was conduct-
ed to identify the TICs. EPA has executed interim
measures to stabilize site conditions including collect-
ing, staging, and securing drums in areas north and
east of tne subdivision and temporarily covering visibily
contaminated soil with concrete. The remedial activity
is the first of two planned operable units and address-
es resident relocation only. A subsequent operable
unit will address the remediation of site contamination
once the relocation is complete.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Hazardous materials, "Waste
disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Chemical in-
dustry, Organic compounds, inorganic compounds,
Metals, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Relocation,
Containment, Soils, New York, "Superfund, Record of
Decision, First Remedial Action, Niagara Falls(New
York).
PB90-220559/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Analysis of the Economic and Environmental Ef-
fects of Compressed Natural Qas as a Vehicle
Fuel. Volume 1. Passenger Cars and Light Trucks.
Special rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml
Emission Control Technology Div.
Apr 90,58p
In July 1989 the President submitted to Congress his
Administration's proposals for revising the Clean Air
Act. One major component of his plan is the Clean Al-
ternative Fuels Program. The program would replace a
portion of the motor vehicle fleet in certain cities with
new vehicles that meet stringent air emission limits op-
erating on clean burning fuels such as methanol, etha-
nol, Compressed natural gas, liquified petroleum gas,
electricity, and reformulate gasoline. The report, re-
leased by EPA, is the second in a series of reports that
will discuss the economic and environmental issues
associated with each of these fuels.
Keywords: "Environmental effects, "Economic analy-
sis, "Natural gas, "Automotive fuels, "Air pollution
abatement, Automobiles, Exhaust emissions, Cost
analysis, Ozone, Greenhouse effects, Urban areas
Fuel consumption, Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxides',
"Alternative fuels, "Compressed gases, "Clean Alter-
native Fuels Program, "Clean energy, Clean Air Act
Light duty vehicles.
PB90-220567/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Toxic Substances.
NHATS Broad Scan Analysis; Population Esti-
mates from Fiscal Year 1982 Specimen*. Final
rept.
Battelle, Arlington, VA.
Oct 89,138p EPA/560/5-90/001
Contract EPA-68-02-4294
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, DC. Office of Toxic Substances.
The National Human Monitoring Program (NHMP), op-
erated by the United States Environmental Protection
Agency's Office of Toxic Substances (USEPA/OTS)
under the 1976 Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
is an ongoing national chemical monitoring program'
The main operative program of the NHMP is the Na
tional Human Adipose Tissue Survey (NHATS) The
NHATS is an annual survey to collect and analyze a
nation-wide sample of adipose tissue specimens from
autopsied cadavers and surgical patients. The purpose
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
and levels of selected compounds In human adipose
tissue. The analysis results are used to establish an
exposure-based chemicals list and to estimate base-
line levels and trends of the selected chemicals.
Keywords: Statistical analysis, Pesticides, Humans,
Monitoring, Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), 'Adipose
tissue, 'Toxic substances, Polychlorobiphenyl com-
pounds, Volatile organic compounds.
PB90-220633/HSU	PC A11/MF A02
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 6):
Hardage/Crlner Site, McClaln County, Oklahoma
(First Remedial Action, Amendment), November
1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
22 Nov 89,246p EPA/ROD/R06-90/054
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The Hardage/Criner site is in an agricultural area near
Criner, McClain County, in central Oklahoma. The site
is situated in the North Criner Creek drainage basin.
From 1972 to 1980 the site was operated under a
State permit for the disposal of industrial wastes in-
cluding paint sludges and solids, ink solvents, tire man-
ufacturing wastes, oils, other solvents, cyanides, and
plating wastes sludges. Waste disposal practices have
resulted in the contamination of approximately 70
acres of ground water. A 1986 Record of Decision was
never implemented due to protracted litigation. The
1989 ROD Amendment provides a comprehensive site
remedy addressing both source control and ground
water remediation and takes into consideration recent-
ly enacted land disposal restrictions. Source control
remediation includes installation of liquid extraction
wells to pump out free liquids currently pooled in the
three waste areas and any liquids released from drums
buried in the mounds, followed by offsite treatment.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste
disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Industrial
wastes, Ground water, Paints, Solvents, Cyanides,
Pumping, Liquids, Extraction, Soils, Excavation, Waste
treatment, 'Superfund, Record of Decision, First Re-
medial	Action(Amendment),	'McClain
County(Oklahoma).
PB90-220641/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Greenwood Chemical Site, Albemarle County,
Newtown, Virginia (First Remedial Action), De-
cember 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Dec 89,64p EPA/ROD/R03-90/084
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The five-acre Greenwood Chemical site is a former
chemical plant in Newton, Virginia. Ground water is
used by all persons within a three-mile radius for drink-
ing water purposes. The chemical plant was used pri-
marily for the production of industrial, pesticide, phar-
maceutical, and photographic products from 1947 until
1985, and produced waste solvents including listed
RCRA F002 and FOOS wastes. Contaminated areas at
the site include seven lagoons used to store
wastewaters generated during plant operations, and a
buried drum area. This operable unit addresses ap-
proximately 1.5 acres of the most contaminated por-
tions of the site including the contaminated soil associ-
ated with three of the former lagoons, a backfilled
lagoon now referred to as the backfilled area, and con-
tained chemicals in the buildings. The selected reme-
dial action for this operable unit includes excavation
and offsite incineration of approximately 4,500 cubic
yards of contaminated soil, backfilling with clean soil,
and revegetating.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste
disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Ground water,
Chemical Industry, Waste water, Lagoons(Ponds),
Containers, Pesticides, Industrial wastes, Solvents, In-
cinerators, Soils, Removal, "Superfund, Record of De-
cision, First Remedial Action, 'Newton(Vlrglnla), Reve-
getation.
PB90-220658/HSU	PC A15/MF A02
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 9):
Firestone Tire and Rubber Company, Inc. Site Sa-
lllnas, California (First Remedial Action), Septem-
ber 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
13 Sep 89, 333p EPA/ROD/R09-89/039
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The 256-acre Firestone Tire (Salinas Plant) site is in an
agricultural area in Salinas, California. The facility was
operated as a tire manufacturing plant from 1963 to
1980, in which a variety of chemicals and chemical for-
mulations were used including solvents and surfac-
tants. In 1983, as part of the requirements for the clo-
sure of a RCRA-regulated storage area at the facility,
Firestone conducted an environmental investigation
and determined that some chemicals had been re-
leased to the soil and ground water. The final remedy
provides for additional cleanup of ground water under
the site and as much as 2 1/2 miles from the site. The
primary contaminants of concern affecting the ground
water are VOCs including 1,1 -DCA, 1,1-DCE, 1,1,1-
TCA, TCE, PCE, benzene, toluene, and xylenes. The
selected remedial action for the site includes pumping
and treatment of ground water.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste
disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Industrial
wastes, Tires, Solvents, Surfactants, Ground water,
Waste treatment, Pumping, Monitoring, 'Superfund,
Record of Decision, First Remedial Action,
'Salinas(California), Chemicals.
PB90-220765/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Fourier Transform Spectroscopy as a Continuous
Monitoring Method: A Survey of Applications and
Prospects.
Entropy Environmentalists, Inc., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
G. Plummer, T. J. Logan, and R. Rollins. 1989,19p
EPA/600/D-90/033
Contract EPA-68-02-4442
Pub. in Jnl. of AWWA (American Water Works Asso-
ciation) Proceedings of the Specialty Conference on
Continuous Emission Monitoring Present and Future
Applications, Chicago, IL., November 12-15, 1989.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
Several field tests of a Fourier transform infrared
(FTIR) spectrometer have been conducted. The re-
sults indicate that effective use of this type of instru-
ment in the field of continuous emissions monitoring
(CEM) is possible under the proper conditions, and
within limits currently imposed by practical experience
in the application. Certain tradeoffs are necessary, par-
ticularly those pertaining to the physical attributes of
the spectroscopic system, the conditioning and con-
tent of the samples to be analyzed, and the level of so-
phistication of the necessarily computerized analysis
techniques. Determinations of the proper tradeoffs
and subsequent limitations have not yet been deter-
mined for all desirable CEM applications, but are the
subject of continuing research in the private and public
sectors.
Keywords: 'Infrared spectrometers, 'Emission spec-
troscopy, 'Fourier transformation, Monitors, Field
tests, Exhaust detection, Performance evaluation,
Graphs(Charts), Exhaust gases, Experimental data,
Methodology, Accuracy.
PB90-220773/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Flow Cytometric Analysis of the Cellular Toxicity
of Tributyltin, September 1989. Interim rept.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. M. Zucker, K. H. Elstein, R. E. Easterling, and E. J.
Massaro. Sep 89,22p EPA/600/D-90/043
See also PB90-186263. Proceedings of Conference
on Toxicology (17th), Dayton, OH., November 3-5,
1987. Prepared In cooperation with Northrop Services,
Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC., and Harry G. Arm-
strong Aerospace Medical Research Lab., Wright-Pat-
terson AFB, OH.
Flow cytometric and light/fluorescence microscopic
analyses indicate that tributyltin (TBT) alters the
plasma membrane/cytoplasm complex of the murine
erythroleukemic cell (MELC) in a dose dependent and
time-dependent manner. The flow cytometric parame-
ter axial light loss, a measure of cell volume, de-
creases in cells exposed to 5 microM TBT relative to
control cells or cells exposed to 50 microM TBT. The
flow cytometric parameter 90 deg light scatter, a func-
tion of refractive index and a measure of protein con-
tent, increases as a function of TBT concentration
above 0.5 microM, but less than 50 microM DNA distri-
bution across the cell cycle cannot be resolved ade-
quately by flow cytometry. Also, the cells become re-
sistant to solubilization of the cell membrane/cyto-
plasm complex by nonionic detergents. Relative to lo-
garithmically growing cells, MELC in the stationary
phase of the growth cycle and butyric acid-differentiat-
ed cells exhibit decreased plasma membrane perme-
ability resulting in increased carboxyfluorescein (CF)
retention derived from the intracellular hydrolysis of
carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA). Similarly, cells
exposed to TBT concentrations below 50 microM ex-
hibit increased cellular CF retention. Viability in terms
of CFDA hydrolysis/CF retention and propidium iodide
(PI) exclusion is not decreased by exposure to TBT
concentrations below 1 microM. At doses between 5
and 50 microM, however, cells exhibit both CF and PI
fluorescence simultaneously and are programmed for
death.
Keywords: 'Proceedings, 'Toxicology, Hydrolysis,
Deoxyribonucleic acids, Tributyltin, Membrane poten-
tial, Cell survival, Flow cytometry, Fluorescence mi-
croscopy, Cultured tumor cells, Cell membrane perme-
ability.
PB90-220781/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Concept of Activity Profiles of Antimutagens.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. D. Waters, A. L. Brady, H. F. Stack, and H. E.
Brockman. 1 Aug 89,20p EPA/600/D-90/037
Pub. in Antimutagenesis and Anticarcinogenesis
Mechanisms II, p87-104 Jan 90. See also PB90-
112806. Prepared in cooperation with Environmental
Health Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle
Park, NC., and Illinois State Oniv., Normal. Dept. of Bi-
ological Sciences.
The paper will consider the use of short-term bioas-
says to identify antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic
substances and to classify them according to the locus
of their protective influence, i.e., intracellular or extra-
cellular, and putative mechanism(s) of action. In the
extracellular environment, inhibition of formation or
uptake of mutagens and inactivation of promutagenic
or mutagenic species are examples of antimutagenic
mechanisms. Intracellular^, antimutagenic sub-
stances have been described as 'scavengers' of radi-
cals, 'blocking agents' (involving at least 3 different
mechanisms), and 'suppressing agents'. Additional in-
tracellular mechanisms include alterations in DNA
repair processes and/or modification of the genotoxic
response to the mutagen/ carcinogen. The presenta-
tion format will be based on the genetic activity profile
(GAP) methodology developed by the authors. The
GAPs of known mutagens/carcinogens will be pre-
sented together with newly designed profiles for anti-
mutagens/anticarcinogens according to the classifica-
tion scheme outlined above.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Mutagens, Bioassay, Free
radicals, Tables(Data), Salmonella typhimurium, Re-
prints, 'Mutagenicity tests, Carcinogenesis, Carcino-
genicity tests, Mutagenicity tests.
PB90-220799/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
American Chemical Society, Washington, DC.
Carcinogenicity and PMtlcides: Principles, Issues,
and Relationships. Biological Issues In Extrapola-
tion.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. S. H. Yang, J. Huff, D. R. Germolec, M. I. Luster, and
J. E. Simmons. c1989,25p EPA/600/D-90/038
Pub. in ACS (American Chemical Society) Symposium
Series 414, Chapter 9, P142-163, 1 Nov 89. See also
PB90-119215. Presented at Symposium on Division of
Agrochemicals at the National Meeting of the Ameri-
can Chemical Society (196th), Los Angeles, California,
September 25-30,1988. Prepared in cooperation with
PATHCO, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC., Depart-
ment of Agriculture, Washington, DC.,
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
To assess potential risks of chemicals to humans, ex-
trapolation of the findings in laboratory animals to pos-
sible health effects in humans is inevitable. Several im-
portant biological issues must be considered in such a
process; these include extrapolation between doses,
species (Including strain and sex), routes of adminis-
tration and exposure regimens (e.g., intermittent vs
constant rate). While there is no perfect surrogate for
humans in the evaluation of carcinogenic potential and
other toxicities of chemicals and other agents, rodents
still represent the best models. Any imperfection in
such a process (i.e., hazard identification and risk as-
sessment of any given chemical or other agent) must
be taken into consideration during extrapolation.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Pesticides, Tables(Data), Ex-
trapolation, Reprints, "Carcinogenicity tests, Risk as-
sessment, Species specificity, Immune system.
PB90-220807/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
South Carolina Energy Research and Development
Center, Clemson.
Forecasts of Future Emissions as Applied to the
Electric Utility Industry. Rept. for May 89-Mar 90.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
L. G. Jones. Mar 90,63p EPA/600/D-90/024
Presented at the Symposium on Energy Futures,
Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, March 29-30,
1990. Sponsored by South Carolina Energy Research
and Development Center, Clemson.
The paper discusses forecasts of emissions of sulfur
oxides and nitrogen oxides for the electric utility indus-
try to assess the impact of these emissions on the en-
vironment and the impacts of additional reductions
that have been proposed. The U.S. EPA and the Na-
jjona] Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
(NAPAP) have each employed emission and cost pro-
jection models and have developed a set of model
input assumptions for their deployment. The paper
compares these alternative model input assumptions
and discusses their influence on the projection results
of the two primary models in use by EPA (The ICF, Inc.
Coal and Electric Utility Model) and by NAPAP (the Ad-
vanced Utility Simulation Model).
Keywords: 'Computerized simulation, 'Electric power
plants, 'Industrial wastes, 'Sulfur oxides, 'Nitrogen
oxides, Air pollution control, Forecasting, Electric
power demand, Rates(Costs), Performance evalua-
tion, Comparison, 'Environmental impact assess-
ments, Prediction analysis techniques, Advanced Utili-
ty Simulation Model, National Acid Precipitation As-
sessment Program, US EPA, Technology utilization.
PB90-220815/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pollution Control for Utility Power Generation,
1990-2020.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
F, T. Princiotta. 27 Mar 90,26p EPA/600/D-90/025
Presented at conference on Energy and the Environ-
ment in the 21st Century, Cambridge, MA, 27 Mar 90.
The paper discusses pollution control for utility power
generation between the years 1990 and 2020, when
the major anticipated environmental challenges facing
the utility industry will be acid deposition control in the
near term and global warming mitigation in the longer
term. The President has proposed an ambitious acid
rain control program requiring reduction of 10 million
tons of sulfur dioxide (S02) by the year 2000. Options
available to the utility industry include coal switching,
flue gas desulfurization, and such emerging lower cost
technologies as Limestone Injection Multistage Burn-
ers (LIMB) and Advanced Silicate (ADVACATE), both
developed by EPA. Since utility boilers, especially coal
boilers, are major emitters of carbon dioxide (C02),
they are candidates for mitigation to prevent unaccept-
able global warming. Utility options to deal with this
problem include user conservation, increased use of
nuclear power, renewable generators (biomass and
solar), clean coal technologies, and increased use of
natural gas. Model analysis suggests that in the 1990-
2020 time frame conservation is critical. Non-fossil fuel
technologies can also make significant contributions
to reducing C02 emissions, but their role is limited by
likely penetration in this time frame. Clean coal tech-
nologies (e.g., integrated coal gasification combined
cycle) seem to provide only marginal C02 reduction
benefits.
1592 Vol. 90, No. 24
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Air pollution abate-
ment, 'Electric power generation, Climatic change,
Forecasting, Greenhouse effect, Sulfur dioxide,
Carbon dioxide, Wind power, Solar energy, Coal prep-
aration, Desulfurization, Energy conservation, Bio-
mass, Stationary sources, Renewable energy sources,
Flue gas desulfurization, Acid rain, Global aspects,
Limestone injection multistage burners, Technology
utilization.
PB90-220823/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
In-House Performance of New Technology Wood-
stoves.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
R. C. McCrillis. 1990,16p EPA/600/D-90/026
Presented at International Conference of the Clean Air
Society of Australia and New Zealand (10th), Aukland,
New Zealand, March 25-30,1990.
The paper describes the results of several field studies
undertaken in North America since 1985 to establish
the emission rates of typical, uncontrolled, convention-
al technology woodstoves and the degree of emission
control achieved by newer woodstoves designed to
reduce the emission of unburned organics. The new
stoves, employing either catalytic or noncatalytic sec-
ondary combustion features, while reducing emis-
sions, do not achieve the expected emission reduc-
tion. Studies during the northern winter of 1988-89
showed that emission control was gradually improving,
but they also showed that some woodstove models
were experiencing degraded emission control perform-
ance after only a few months use. Use of wood as a
residential heating fuel increased markedly in the U.S.
during the 1970s in response to an increase of fossil
fuel costs. Most of the increase represented wood
burned in airtight parlor stoves which are generally op-
erated in an air-starved condition leading to low com-
bustion efficiency and the release of substantial quan-
tities of unburned organics into the atmosphere. Use of
wood as a residential house heating fuel in the U.S.
has been estimated to contribute up to 90% of the po-
lynuclear organic material attributable to stationary
sources and 50% from all sources.
Keywords: 'Residential buildings, 'Air pollution abate-
ment, 'Combustion products, 'Stoves, 'Air pollution
control, Performance evaluation, Design criteria, Com-
bustion efficiency, Heating systems, Polycyclic com-
pounds, Concentration(Composition), 'Indoor air pol-
lution, 'Wood burning appliances, 'Air pollution sam-
pling, Source reduction, Technology utilization.
PB90-220831/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Stratification of Particulate and VOC Pollutants In
Horizontal Flow Paint Spray Booths. Rept. for Sep
88-Oct 89.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
C. H. Darvin. 1990,14p EPA/600/D-90/028
Presented at Annual Army Environmental Research
and Development Symposium (14th), Williamsburg,
VA., November 14-16,1989.
The paper discusses stratification of particulate and
volatile organic compound (VOC) pollutants in horizon-
tal flow paint spray booths, as part of a joint U.S. Air
Force/EPA research and development program on
emissions from paint spray booths. The test program
discussed in the paper was designed to characterize
the pollutants both within and exiting a typical back-
draw booth for which emissions control strategies are
being developed. The results of one series of tests in-
dicate that the pollutants, both particulate and VOC,
fall to the lower level of the booth or stratify at the level
at which they were generated. This might be expected
since the densities of typical pollutants found in spray
booths are greater than air. The results showed, how-
ever, that the concentration of pollutants in the lower
level prior to exiting the booth was significantly greater
than expected. Data indicated that, for the 16 ft (4.9 m)
high booth tested, the concentration at the exit of the
booth below the 8 ft (2.4 m) level was 5-25 times great-
er than the concentration above that level. The impor-
tance of these findings is that it might be possible to
partition a booth's air flow into two zones, one lean and
the other concentrated. The concentrated zone could
be directed to a proportionally smaller VOC control
system of significantly less capital and operating cost.
Keywords'. 'Particles, "Air pollution control, 'Spray
painting, 'Stratification, Concentration(Compo8itk>n),
Capitalized costs, Operating costs, Performance eval-
uation, Air Force, Economic analysis, Sites,
Graphs(Data), Reprints, 'Volatile organic compounds]
"Air pollution sampling, 'Source reduction, 'Occupa-
tional safety and health, Horizontal integration, US
EPA.
PB90-220849/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Ectomycorrhlzal DNA: Isolation, RFLPs, and
Probe Hybridization. Book Chapter.
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Forest Science.
P. T. Rygiewicz, and J. L. Armstrong. 1990, 60p EPA/
600/D-90/017
Pub. in Experiments with Mycorrhizea, 1990. Spon-
sored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
This is a new era for research in terrestrial ecology. As
with diagnostics and research in medicine and toren-
sics, molecular biology, the way the authors pose hy-
potheses, conceptualize experiments, and conduct re-
search in rhizosphere ecology has been transformed.
Many soil-borne organisms are morphologically indis-
tinguishable, can change morphology from one sexual
state to another, or are not culturable in vitro. These
properties hinder the understanding of rhizosphere
structure and function. Contemporary, molecular-
based methods to isolate DNA from soil organisms will
enhance the ability to track, identify and quantify indi-
viduals. The purpose of the chapter is to present a
primer of basic methods that have direct application to
recovery of DNA from mycorrhizal fungi in soils.
Keywords: 'Deoxyribonucleic acids, 'Rhizobium, Elec-
trophoresis, Ultraviolet spectroscopy, 'Restriction
fragment length polymorphism, Fluorimetry, Nucleic
acid hybridization, DNA probes, Ethidium bromide, Au-
toradiography.
PB90-221623/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Underground Storage Tanks.
Standard Test Procedures for Evaluating Leak
Detection Methods: Volumetric Tank Tightness
Testing Methods. Final rept.
Midwest Research Inst., Falls Church, VA.
J. D. Flora, and K. M. Bauer. Mar 90,84p EPA/530/
UST-90/004
Contract EPA-68-01-7383
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Underground Storage
Tanks.
The handbook is one in a series of seven that de-
scribes EPA's standard test procedures for evaluating
the performance of leak detection equipment for un-
derground storage tanks. For each of the seven leak
detection methods discussed in the series a procedure
to test equipment in a consistent manner is provided.
This edition provide an explanation of how to conduct
the standardized test procedure, how to perform re-
quired calculations and how to report the results of the
test for Volumetric Tank Tightness Testing Methods.
Keywords: 'Underground storage, 'Storage tanks,
'Leak detectors, Performance evaluation, Test mettv
ods. Tightness.
PB90-221649/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Western Conifers Research Cooperative, Corvallis,
AIRSILVA: A Model of Mixed Conifer Forest Re-
sponse to Multiple Stress.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. M. Miller, and L. Ladd. C1990,15p EPA/600/D-9O/
018
Presented at the Conference on Multiresource Man-
agement of Ponderosa Pine Forests, Flagstaff, AZ
November 14-16,1989. Prepared in cooperation with
NSI Technology Sen/ices Corp., Corvallis, OR. Spon-
sored by Western Conifers Research Cooperative
Corvallis, OR.	'
AIRSILVA is a model of mixed conifer forest communi-
ty dynamics incorporating the population modeling ca-
pability of gap models and the mechanistic ecophysio-
logy of process models to create a model where proc-
esses occur within individuals, and the failure of indi-
viduals to successfully complete processes results in
population level dynamics, the purpose of AIRSILVA
is to synthesize the best available knowledge on the
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
southern California, and to project potential ecosystem
responses under alternative pollution scenarios.
Keywords: 'Computerized simulation, 'Softwoods,
'Forest trees, Models, Stress(Physiology), Population
dynamics, California, Reprints, 'Air pollution
effects(Plants), "AIRSILVA model, Terrestrial ecosys-
tems.
PB90-221656/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Annual Course ol Precipitation Over Much of the
United States - Observed versus GCM Simulation.
Symposium paper.
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.
R. P. Neilson, G. A. King, J. Lenihan, and R. L.
DeVelice. C1990,11p EPA/600/D-90/019
Contract EPA-68-C8-0006
Proceedings of the PACLIM (Pacific Climate) Work-
shop, Pacific Grove, CA., March 1989. Prepared in co-
operation with NSI Technology Services Corp., Corval-
lis, OR., and Montana Natural Heritage Program,
Helena. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
General Circulation Models (GCMs) are being increas-
ingly used to estimate the ecological impacts of global
climatic change. The authors analyzed seasonal
weather patterns over the conterminous U.S.A. and
determined that regional patterns of rainfall seasona-
lity appear to control the distributions of the major
biomes of the country. These regional patterns were
compared to the output from three GCMs for valida-
tion. The models appear to simulate the appropriate
seasonal climates in the northern tier of states. How-
ever, the spatial extent of these regions is distorted.
None of the models accurately portrayed the neces-
sary seasonal rainfall patterns in the southern tier of
states, where biomes are primarily influenced by the
Bermuda High.
Keywords: 'Weather observations, 'Atmospheric cir-
culation, 'Precipitation(Meteorology), 'United States,
Climatic changes, Rainfall, Mathematical models, Sea-
sonal variations, Spatial distribution, Errors,
Graphs(Charts), Regional analysis.
PB90-221664/KSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Reforestation and Seedling Symblonta. Symposi-
um paper.
New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces.
J. G. Mexal, and R. K. Dixon. cJun 90,48p EPA/600/
D-90/020
Presented at National Reforestation Workshop, Ma-
durai, Tamil Nadu, India, June 1990. Sponsored by
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Tree seedlings are dependent on symbiotic associa-
tions with microorganisms including bacteria, fungi,
and actinomycetes for normal growth and develop-
ment. Nitrogen fixing leguminous and non-leguminous
trees form symbiotic relationships with Rnizobium
(bacteria) and Frankia (actinomycete), respectively.
Specialized soil-borne funpi from many different taxa
form mycorrizal relationships with trees. Because the
benefits derived from different species or isolates vary
for a given site or tree, manipulation of these microor-
ganisms can improve uniformity and yield of nursery
crops. Inoculation of tree seedlings with symbiotic as-
sociates has dramatically improved the early growth
and survival of tree seedlings on adverse reforestation
sites around the world.
Keywords: 'Symbiosis, 'Growth, 'Forest trees, Soil
microbiology, Bacteria, Fungi, Actiniomyces, Inocula-
tion, Microorganisms, Nitrogen fixing bacteria, Sites,
Feasibility, India, Reprints, 'Reforestation, Seedlings.
PB90-221672/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Field Evaluation of the UV/OxIdation Technology
to Treat Contaminated Groundwater. Proceedings
of the National Conference (10th). Hold In Wash-
ington, DC. on November 27-29,1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
N. M. Lewis, k! K. Topudurti, and R. Foster. C1990,10p
EPA/800/D-90/015
Prepared in cooperation with PRC Engineering, Inc.,
Chicago, IL.
The paper presents the field evaluation results of the
ultraviolet radiation (UV)/oxidation technology devel-
oped by Ultrox International, Santa Ana, California.
The field evaluation of the technology was performed
at the Lorentz Barrel and Drum (LB and D) site in San
Jose, California, under the Superfund Innovative Tech-
nology Evaluation (SITE) program from February 27
through March 10,1989. The UV/oxidation technology
uses UV radiation, ozone, and hydrogen peroxide to
oxidize organic contaminants present in water. At the
LB and D site, this technology was evaluated in treat-
ing ground water contaminated with volatile organic
compounds (VOCs). The Ultrox system achieved VOC
removals greater than 90 percent. The majority of
VOCs were removed through chemical oxidation. The
treated ground water met the applicable discharge
standards (NPDES) for disposal into Coyote Creek at
90 percent confidence level. There were no harmful air
emissions from the Ultrox system into the atmosphere.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Hazardous materials,
'Water treatment, Field tests, Oxidation reduction re-
actions, Ultraviolet radiation, Ozone, Hydrogen perox-
ide, Evaluation, Removal, Evaluation, Strippers, Stand-
ards, Air pollution, Reprints, Superfund Innovative
Technology Evaluation Program, Volatile organic com-
pounds, San Jose(California).
PB90-221680/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Ozone for Trace Organic Contaminant Removal.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
B. W. Lykins, and W. E. Koffskey. C1990,16p EPA/
600/D-90/016
Presented at IOA Conference, Shreveport, LA., March
27-29, 1990. Prepared in cooperation with Jefferson
Parish Dept. of Public Utilities, LA.
Many drinking water utilities have recently changed or
are seriously considering changing from disinfection
with chlorine to some alternative disinfectant as a
result of regulations to control trihalomethanes. Many
of the water utilities that have changed to alternative
disinfectants have done so without evaluating possible
chemical impacts or health effects associated with the
alternative disinfectant. Therefore, a research project
was initiated at Jefferson Parish, Louisiana to evaluate
these effects. Ozone was one of the alternative disin-
fectants evaluated. During the one year research study
at Jefferson Parish, raw river water from the Mississip-
pi River was pumped to the full-scale plant where it
was clarified with olallyldimethyl ammonium chloride or
dimethylamine-type cationic polymers. After fluorida-
tion, but before disinfection, a portion of the clarified
water was filtered through pressure sand filters before
going to a 10 gallon-per-minute pilot plant.
Keywords: 'Ozonization, "Water treatment, Haiohy-
drocarbons, Disinfection, Chloromethanes, Regula-
tions, Evaluation, Water supply, Clarification, Fluorida-
tion, Sand filtration, Pilot plants, Reprints, Raw water,
Trihalomethanes, Jefferson Parrish(Louisiana).
PB90-221098/HSU
PC A03/MF A01
Analysis of Chlorinated Herbicides by Hlgh-P
formance Liquid Chromatography/Maes Spec-
trometry. Book chapter.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
T. L. Jones, L. D. Betowski, and J. Yinon. c1990,14p
EPA/600/D-90/021
try, 1990. Presented at the National Meeting of the
American Chemical Society (197th), Dallas, TX., April
9-14, 1989. Prepared in cooperation with Weizmann
Inst, of Science. Rehovoth (Israel), and American
Chemical Society, Washington, DC.
A method that uses high performance liquid chroma-
tography/masa spectrometry (HPLC/MS) for the anal-
ysis of chlorinated phenoxyacid herbicides is de-
scribed. During method development different tech-
niques were used to increase both the sensitivity and
the specificity of thermospray HPLC/MS for chlorinat-
ed acid herbicides. These included the operation of the
instrument in the negative chemical ionization (NCI)
mode initiated by discharge and the use of a wire-re-
peller in the ion source for efficient extraction of posi-
tive ions. Single quadrupole repeller-induced and mul-
tiple auadrupole collision activated dissociation (CAD)
experiments were also performed to increase the
structural information of the mass spectra. The
method complements the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency's gas chromatographic (GC) SW-846
Method 8151 for the determination of chlorinated acid
herbicides.
Keywords: 'Herbicides, 'Chemical analysis, 'Chlorine
organic compounds, Liquid chromatography, Mass
spectroscopy, Ionization, Tables(Data), Reprints.
PB90-221706/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Management and Control of Combined Sewer
Overflows. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
R. Field, and E. J. Struzeski. c1990,25p EPA/600/J-
90/052
Pub. in Jnl. of Water Pollution Control Federation, v44
n7 p1393-141S Jul 72. Presented at the Annual Con-
ference of the New Jersey Water Pollution Control As-
sociation (57th), Atlantic City, NJ., May 10,1972, at the
Annual Meeting of the New York Water Pollution Con-
trol Association (44th), New York, NY., January 28,
1971.
The paper gives a basic overview of the U.S. govern-
ment's involvements in developing countermeasures
for the abatement of combined sewer overflow pollu-
tion. Abatement or prevention of pollution stormwater
runoff and combined sewer overflows is one of the
most challenging areas in the sanitary engineering
field. The full impacts of 'marginal' pollution, particular-
ly that caused by uncontrolled overflows, must be rec-
ognized now and planning initiated to improve sewer-
age system efficiencies and bring all wastewater flows
under control. Efforts devoted to improving sewerage
systems will pay significant dividends in complete con-
trol of metropolitan wastewater problems and pollution
abatement.
Keywords: 'Overflows, 'Combined sewers, 'Munici-
palities, 'Water pollution abatement, Sewers, Waste
disposal, Sewer pipes, Age, Improvement, Weather,
Failure, Legislation, National government, Sewage
treatment, Maintenance, Reduction, Fluid infiltration,
Grants, Control equipment, Reprints, 'Storm water
runoff.
PB90-221714/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Increased Susceptibility to Pentobarbital Follow-
ing Mouse Cytomegalovirus Infection: Relative
Roles of Viral-Induced Interferon and Viral Infec-
tion of the Liver. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Inhalation Toxicology Div.
J. C. Catignani, M. G. Menache, and M. K. Selgrade.
C1989,1 fp EPA/600/D-90/039
Pub. in Jnl. of Biochem Toxicology, v4 n4 p221-228
1989. Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina
Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Public Health, and Nor-
throp Services, Inc./Environmental Sciences, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The purpose of the study was to determine the relative
roles of viral-induced interferon (IFN) and viral infec-
tion of the liver in mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV)-in-
duced depression of cytochrome P-450 (cyt P-450)
levels and enhancement of pentobarbital-induced
sleeping time (PEN-ST). This was done by establishing
the temporal relationship among the IFN response,
viral infection of the liver, suppression of cyt P-450
levels, and enhancement of PEN-ST, by determining
the effect of anti-IFN antibody treatment on all of these
responses, and by manipulating factors known to influ-
ence viral pathogenesis and host response to virus
such as animal age, virulence of the virus, and dose of
virus. (Copyright (c) 1989 VCH Publishers, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Liver diseases, 'Toxicology, 'Pentobarbi-
tal, Mice, Antibodies, Graphs(Charts), Enzyme inhibi-
tors, Reprints, 'Cytomegalic inclusion disease, 'Inter-
feron, 'Cytomegaloviruses, Disease susceptibilitv. Cy-
tochrome P-450.
PB9£221722/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Epidemiological Evidence for Aggravation and
Promotion of COPO by Acid Air Pollution. Journal
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
D. W. Dockery, and F. E. Speizer. c1989,29p EPA/
600/0-90/040
Contract EPA-R811850
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pub. in Clinical Epidemiology of Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease, Chapter 10, p201-225 Sep 89.
Prepared in cooperation with Newcastle Univ. (Austra-
lia). Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The chapter discusses epidemiologic evidence for the
role ot acidic aerosols in the development and exacer-
bation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The
hypothesis that sulfuric acid was the most important
component of the mix of pollutants responsible for
classic air pollution episodes was first proposed more
than 50 years ago. However, analyses of these epi-
sodes and more recent epidemiologic studies of lower
level exposures are suggestive but not conclusive, pri-
marily because of the limitations in technology avail-
able for measuring exposure.
Keywords: * Epidemiology, Graphs(Charts), Sulfur di-
oxide, Nitrogen oxides, Foreign technology, "Air pol-
lution effects(Humans), 'Obstructive lung diseases,
Environmental exposure pathway.
PB90-221730/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Maturation of the Sympathetic Nervous System:
Hole In Neonatal Physiological Adaptations and In
Cellular Development of Peripheral Tissues.
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC. Dept. of
Pharmacology.
T. A. Slotkin, E. M. Kudlacz, Q. C. Hou, and F. J.
Seidler. C1990,13p EPA/600/D-90/041
Grant EPA-R-813769, Contract PHS-NS-06233
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC., and Public Health Service,
Rockville, MD.
It is obvious that the development of the nervous
system is marked by the progression from immaturity
of function to the acquisition of neurotransmission and
integrated control of synaptic activity. However, there
is an increasing realization that neural function in the
fetus and neonate also serves specialized needs
which are particular to development, and that the
onset of maturity equally represents the loss of these
unique patterns of neural activity. Nowhere is this more
evident than in the sympathetic nervous system and its
endocrine counterpart, the adrenal medulla. This
review will detail recent work which demonstrates how
catecholamines released first by the adrenal, and later
by neurons, mediate the transition from fetal to neona-
tal physiological function as well as the subsequent
programming of postsynaptic reactivity and cellular dif-
ferentiation in target tissues. The rat has been chosen
for study as this species is altricial, and therefore de-
velops neural function relatively late. Thus, in the rat
many fetal neural characteristics persist into the post-
natal period.
Keywords: 'Animal physiology, 'Neural transmission,
Adrenal medulla, Catecholamines, Growth(Biology),
Reprints, Newborn animals, Isoproterenol.
PB90-221748/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Analysis of the Mechanism of Methylmercury Cy-
totoxicity.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Developmental Toxicology Div.
E. J. Massaro, K. H. Elstein, and R. M. Zucker. c1990,
10p EPA/600/D-90/042
Presented at Symposium on Metal Ions in Biology and
Medicine (1st), Reims, France, May 16-19, 1990. Pre-
pared in cooperation with NSI Technology Sen/ices
Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
MeHg-induced perturbation of the cell cycle kinetics of
the murine erythroleukemic cell (MELC) has been in-
vestigated by flow cytometry (FCM). It was observed
that, at relatively low levels (2.5 - 7.5 microM), MeHg
predominately inhibits progression through the S
phase of the cell cycle (in a dose-dependent manner).
Accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase of the cycle
also occurs, but to a considerably lesser extent. Light
microscopy reveals a dose-dependent increase in inci-
dence of chromosomal aberrations (condensation,
pulverization). Higher dose levels (10-50 microM),
induce chromosomal ring formation and progressive
perturbation of the cell membrane/cytoplasm com-
plex. The latter is manifested as increased 90 deg light
scatter (refractive index (Shapiro, 1988)), decreased
axial light loss (cell size (Cambier and Monroe, ibbj)),
simultaneous propidium iodide and carboxyfluorescein
fluorescence, and resistance to detergent (NP-40)-me-
1594 Vol. 90, No. 24
diated cytolysis (Zucker et al., 1989). Observations in-
dicate that DNA synthesis is the primary target of
MeHg cytotoxicity and that apparent targets and
degree of cytotoxicity are a complex function of dose.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Flow cytometry, Mitosis,
Deoxyribonucleic acids, 'Methylmercury compounds,
Cell survival, Chromosome aberrations, Cell mem-
brane, Dose-response relationships.
PB90-221870/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Atmospheric Sciences Research in the US EPA
Climate Program.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment L&b
P. L. Finkelstein. 1990,21 p EPA/600/D-90/029
Proceedings of the International Conference of the
Clean Air Society of Australia and New Zealand (10th),
New Zealand, March 1990.
The program is designed to assess, evaluate, and pre-
dict the ecological, environmental, and human health
consequences of global change, including the interac-
tion of plant and animal communities with the climate
system. Additional supporting areas of research in the
program include: assessment and research to develop
techniques to mitigate and adapt to climate change;
development of emission factors and chemical models
to understand and describe the production, transport,
and fate of radiatlvely important trace gases; and eval-
uation of the relationship between global climate
change and changes in regional climate and air quality.
The paper reviews the research agenda, with empha-
sis on the atmospheric chemistry and climatological
aspects of the program.
Keywords: 'Public health, 'Ecology, 'Climatic
changes, 'Atmospheric composition, 'Air pollution,
Research programs, Air water interaction, Hydrology,
Responses, Humans, Animals, Plants(Botany), Tem-
perature, Greenhouse effect, Carbon monoxide, Tem-
perature, Methane, Chemical analysis, 'Global.
PB90-221888/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Derivation of a Damage Function for Galvanized
Steel Structures: Corrosion Kinetics and Thermo-
dynamic Considerations.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment L&b
J. W. Spence, and F. H. Haynie. 1990,40p EPA/600/
D-90/030
Presented at Corrosion Symposium, Lake Buena
Vista, FL.
A damage function for predicting the corrosion of gal-
vanized steel structures by wet and dry deposition has
been developed from thermodynamics and kinetics of
atmospheric corrosion chemistry. The function mathe-
matically expresses the competing reactions for the
build up and dissolution of the basic zinc carbonate
corrosion film with exposure time. Major findings as ex-
pressed by the theoretical function are as follows: (1)
During periods of surface wetness, S02 reaching the
surface reacts stoichiometrically with the zinc, (2) Rain
acidity reacts stoichiometrically with the zinc, (3) The
corrosion film of basic zinc carbonate is soluble in
clean rain. The dissolution depends on the residence
time of rain on the galvanized steel surface, and (4)
Deposition velocity controls the rate of corrosion of
qalvanized steel structures by gaseous S02 during pe-
riods of wetness. The manuscripts recommend testing
the applicability of the proposed damage function with
field corrosion data that is being acquired by the
Bureau of Mines and the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency and with corrosion data from prior field ex-
posure studies. In this manner a validated damage
function should be developed for conducting an as-
sessment of acid deposition to galvanized steel struc-
tures.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric corrosion, 'Corrosion mech-
anisms, 'Galvanized materials, 'Steels, Chemical
attack. Oxidation, Artificial weathering tests. Galvanic
corrosion, Steel structures, Chemical reactions, Math-
ematical models, Electrochemistry, Corrosion,
Damage assessment.
PB90-221896/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Evaluation of HC1 Measurement Techniques at
Municipal and Hazardous Waste Incinerators.
Entropy Environmentalists, Inc., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. A. Shanklin, S. C. Steinsberger, T. J. Logan, and R.
Rollins. 1990,16p EPA/600/D-90/031
Contract EPA-68-02-4442
Pub. in AWWA (American Water Works Association)
Proceedings of the Specialty Conference on Continu-
ous Emission Monitoring - Present and Future Applica-
tions, Chicago, IL., November 12-15,1989. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trian-
gle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure
Assessment Lab.
Hydrogen chloride (HC1) emissions from hazardous
waste incinerators are regulated by the EPA, and the
Agency is considering HC1 regulations for municipal
waste combustors. Until recently, techniques to ade-
quately quantify these emissions using either instru-
mentation or wet-chemistry sampling methods have
not been evaluated. The EPA has sponsored several
field tests to assess the performance of commercially-
available HC1 continuous emission monitoring sys-
tems (CEMS's) and a proposed manual sampling and
analysis methodology for use at municipal and hazard-
ous waste incinerators. Tests were performed (1) to
determine the capability of HC1 CEMS's to provide
valid measurement data, (2) to develop HC1 CEMS
performance specifications, and (3) to develop a suita-
ble performance test method.
Keywords: 'Hydrogen chloride, 'Hazardous materials,
'Incinerators, 'Air pollution control, Regulations, Mu-
nicipalities, Combustion chambers, Field tests, Moni-
toring, Sampling, Assessments, Carbon monoxide,
Test methods, Performance evaluation, Specifica-
tions, Acceptability, USEPA.
PB90-221904/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Carbon Monoxide and Total Hydrocarbon Contin-
uous Monitoring at Hazardous Waate Incineration
Facilities.
Entropy Environmentalists, Inc., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
L. Cone, T. Logan, and R. Rollins. Nov 89,14p EPA/
600/D-90/032
Contract EPA-68-02-4442
Presented at the AWMA Specialty Conference on
Continuous Emission Monitoring: Present and Future
Applications, Chicago, IL., November 12-15, 1989.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
Incineration is being viewed increasingly as the most
practical, least harmful means of disposing of hazard-
ous waste. The EPA has recently proposedcontinuous
monitoring specifications and regulatory requirements
which expand those established in 40 CFR Part 264,
Subpart 0, and the associated permit rules of 40 CFR
Part 270. The regulations are intended to provide addi-
tional assurance that the operation of hazardous
waste incineration facilities does not pose unaccept-
able risk to public health. In support of these regula-
tions, commercially-available carbon monoxide (CO)
and total hydrocarbon (THC) continuous emissions
monitors are being evaluated. Laboratory performance
tests were conducted to determine characteristics
such as calibration drift, linearity, and response time
Carbon dioxide interference in CO measurements and
hydrocarbon instrument sensitivity to various hydro-
carbons were also investigated. A field evaluation was
conducted at a hazardous waste incinerator.
Keywords: 'Monitoring, 'Hazardous materials, 'Incin-
erators, Air pollution. Regulations, Specifications, Li-
censes, Carbon monoxide, Hydrocarbons, Risk, Public
health, Field tests. Evaluation, Calibrating, Laboratory
equipment, Acceptability.
PB90-221912/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Model for
Complex Terrain Applications.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
S. G. Perry, and P. L. Finkelstein. 1990,8p EPA/600/
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Proceedings of the International Conference of the
Clean Air Society of Australia and New Zealand (1 Oth).
The Complex Terrain Dispersion (CTDMPLUS), a
point-source, steady-state, dispersion model for com-
plex terrain applications, is described and its perform-
ance summarized. The model is unique in the manner
in which it simulates the flow and plume distortion near
the terrain. Emphasis is given to windward side im-
pacts. Simplicity is maintained by applying flow distor-
tion corrections to flat-terrain, Gaussian and bi-Gaus-
sian pollutant distributions. The performance of
CTDMPLUS contrasts with that of a currently-recom-
mended, complex-terrain, regulatory model. In stable
or neutral conditions, CTDMPLUS shows relatively
small average bias compared to field observations.
The root-mean-square differences between
CTDMPLUS and the observations are consistently
lower and the percent of predictions within a factor of
two are significant!y higher than those of the regulatory
model. In convective conditions, with comparisons un-
paired in time or space, CTDMPLUS performs very
well.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric models, *Air pollution, "Dis-
persions, "Convection, Plumes, Two dimensional flow,
Meetings, Mathematical models, Exhaust emissions,
Atmospheric diffusion. Contaminants, Reprints, 'US
EPA.
PB90-221920/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Nested arid Modeling Approach for Assessing
Urban Ozone Air Quality.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
3Q33mont Lctb
S. T. Rao, G. Slstla, J. Y. Ku, R. D. Scheffe, and K. L.
Schere. Jun 89,29p EPA/600/D-90/035
Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste
Management Association (82nd), Anaheim, CA„ June
25-30, 1989. Prepared in cooperation with New York
State Dept. of Environmental Conservation, Albany.
The paper describes an effort to interface the modeled
concentrations and other outputs of the Regional Oxi-
dant Model (ROM) as an alternative set of input files to
apply in Urban Airshed Model (UAM) simulations. Five
different days exhibiting high ozone concentrations
during the 1980 ozone season were simulated by the
UAM for the New York metropolitan area for a base
scenario and for different sets of initial and boundary
conditions and winds from the ROM. The methodology
of integrating the ROM results into the UAM processor
system is discussed. The modeled UAM ozone con-
centrations are compared with measured values for
the various model input data scenarios in assessing
the performance of the nested grid modeling ap-
proach.
Keywords: 'Urban areas, 'Ozone, 'Air pollution, As-
sessments, Concentration(Composition), New York,
Boundary layer, Wind(Meteorology), Seasonal vari-
ations, Models, Performance evaluation, Comparison,
New Jersey, Urban Airshed Model, Regional Oxidant
Model.
PB90-221938/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Sonic Anemometer Measurement Within a Room.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
J. S. Irwin, and J. 0. Paumler. 1990, Bp EPA/600/D-
90/036
Prepared in cooperation with Computer Sciences
Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Results are reported on the use of a 5 cm path-length
sonic anemometer for the measurement of turbulent
fluctuations in the small rooms. Doors and windows
were closed with the forced air circulation system
turned on. Measurements were taken at three heights
(floor, middle and ceiling). Data were recorded for 10-
mlnute periods at 10Hz at each sampling location, de-
fined as a run. Except within the corners or above the
vents, the flow was nearly Isotropic, with speeds on the
order of 15 cm/s. Approximately, 10 to 20% of the
measured component velocities were below the
threshold of the instrument's uncertainty. The speed
threshold of 2 to 5 cm/s will limit the usefulness of this
instrument.
Keywords: 'Air circulation, 'Velocity measurement,
Turbulence, Meetings, Anemometers, Aerosols, Depo-
sition, Tests.
PB90-221946/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Application of Staged Combustion and Reburnlng
to the Co-Flrlng of Nltrogenated Wastes: Chemi-
cal and Biological Analyses. Rept. for Jul 87-Mar
90.
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
W. P. Linak, J. A. McSorley, R. E. Hall, R. K. Srivastava,
and J. V. Ryan. C1990,38p EPA/600/D-90/046
Contracts EPA-68-02-3988, EPA-68-02-4456
Sponsored in part by contracts EPA-68-02-4127, and
EPA-68-02-4701. Presented at AWMA (Air and Waste
Management Association) Meeting, Kansas City, MO.,
April 18-20, 1990. Prepared in cooperation with Mas-
sachusetts Inst, of Tech., Cambridge. Dept. of Chemi-
cal Engineering, Environmental Health Research and
Testing, Inc., Durham, NC., and Battelle Columbus
Div., OH.
The paper gives results of an evaluation of a 0.6 MW
precombustion chamber burner, designed for in-fur-
nace NOx control and high combustion efficiency (CE)
for high nitrogen content waste co-firing. The 250- to
750-ms residence time precombustion chamber
burner mounted on a prototype water-tube package
boiler simulator used air staging and in-furnace natural
gas reburning to yield up to four stoichiometric zones.
Natural gas doped with ammonia and No. 2 distillate
fuel oil doped with pyridine were used to simulate high
nitrogen content fuel/waste mixtures. Minimum NO
emission levels correspond to about 85% reduction in
NOx emissions compared to uncontrolled emissions
from a conventional swirl burner mounted on a 0.7-MW
commercial package boiler. CO emissions for these
burner characterization tests indicated CEs>999%.
The low NOx precombustor was then used to examine
the co-firing characteristics of a nltrogenated pesticide
containing dinoseb in a fuel-oil/xylene solvent. The
dinoseb formulation as fired contained 6.4% nitrogen.
NO emissions without in-furnace NOx control exceed-
ed 4400 ppm (at 0% 02). When NOx controls in the
form of air staging and natural gas reburning were em-
ployed, these emissions were reduced to < 150 ppm
(96% reduction). Average CO and total hydrocarbon
emissions were typically <15 and 2 ppm, respective-
ly-
Keywords: 'Afterburning, 'Waste disposal, 'Air pollu-
tion control, 'Nitrogen oxides. Combustion efficiency.
Fuel oil, Natural gas, Burners, Performance evaluation,
Experimental design, Public health, Gas analysis,
'Staged combustion, 'Cocombustion, Emission fac-
tors, Air pollution detection, Biological effects.
PB90-221953/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Radon Mitigation Enacts ot Passive Stacks In
Residential New Construction. Rept. for Dec 89-
Feb 90.
Infiltec, Falls Church, VA.
D. W. Saum, and M. C. Osborne. c1990,9p EPA/600/
D-90/022
Contract EPA-68-02-4287
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The paper discusses the effects of passive stacks in
mitigating radon levels in residential new construction.
Although passive stacks have been installed as a
radon resistant measure in new houses, little quantita-
tive data on their performance has been collected. The
study involved continuously monitoring several houses
that were recently built with radon resistant features in-
cluding crack sealing, porous subslab aggregate, and
a stubbed-off pipe penetrating the slab for installing a
radon mitigation system. For the project, the piping
systems were completed so that they exited the root,
and half the houses had radon mitigation fans installed
in the piping. Houses were monitored continuously
with the pipes sealed, then with the pipes open but no
fans operating, and finally with the fans (if installed) op-
erating. The results show significant radon mitigation
effect by the passive stack systems In most houses.
Failures of the passive stack systems appear to be due
to basement depressurization by heating, ventilation,
and air-conditioning (HVAC) duct leakage, poor instal-
lation of subslab piping, and poor communication be-
tween multilevel slabs.
Keywords: 'Residential buildings, 'Radon, 'Pollution
control, Installing, Chimneys, Concrete slabs, Con-
struction, Piping systems, Monitoring, Failure, Leak-
age, Reprints, 'Passive stacks, Indoor air pollution,
Depressurization.
PB90-221961/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Role of Gas-Phase CI2 In the Formation of PCDD/
PCDF in Municipal and Hazardous Waste Combus-
tion. Rept. for Oct 89-Mar 90.
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
K. R. Bruce, L. O. Beach, and B. K. Gullett. c1990, lop
EPA/600/D-90/023
Contract EPA-68-02-4701
Presented at the Incineration Conference, San Diego,
CA., May 14-18, 1990. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper proposes a scheme for controlling the for-
mation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs)
and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) during in-
cineration using sorbent materials to remove the
source of chlorine at high temperature. Results of pre-
vious experiments investigating the formation of
PCDD/PCDF through low temperature (300C), fly-ash-
catalyzed reactions are demonstrated to have oc-
curred through intermediate formation of gas-phase
CI2 by decomposition of the added catalyst CuCl2.
The dependence of PCDD/PCDF formation rates on
CI2 concentration is shown and the implications of the
Deacon process on these rates is discussed.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Incinerators, 'Pol-
lution control, Chlorine, Municipalities, Toxicity, Fly
ash, Catalysts, Decomposition reactions, Tempera-
ture, Concentration(Composition), Gases, Reprints.
PB90-221979/HSU	. PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Urban Runoff Pollution Control: State-of-ths Art
Journal article.
Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Palo Alto, CA.
R. Field, J. A. Lager, and M. Asce. cFeb 75, 22p EPA/
600/J-90/050
Contract EPA-68-03-0179
Pub. in Jnl. of the Environmental Engineering Division,
American Society of Civil Engineers, v101 nEE1 p107-
125 Feb 75. Presented at the Annual Conference of
the Water Pollution Control Federation (46th), and the
Annual Meeting of the New York Water Pollution Con-
trol Association (46th). Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction En-
gineering Lab.
Combined sewer overflows are major sources of water
pollution problems, but even discharges of stormwater
alone can seriously affect water quality. Current ap-
proaches involve control of overflows, treatment, and
combinations of the two. Control may involve maximiz-
ing treatment with existing facilities, control of infiltra-
tion and extraneous inflows, surface sanitation and
management, as well as flow regulation and storage. A
number of treatment methods have been evaluated in-
cluding high rate screening and microstraining, ultra
high rate filtration, dissolved air flotation, physical/
chemical treatment, and modified biological process-
es. A swirl flow regulator/solids separator of annular
shape construction with no moving parts has been
highly developed. High rate disinfection methods in-
cluding new disinfectants have been applied. Promis-
ing approaches involve integrated use of controls and
treatment.
Keywords: 'Overflows, 'Combined sewers, 'Sewage
treatment, 'Urban areas, Control equipment, Flow
control, Fluid filtration, Screenings, Flotation, Flow reg-
ulators, Solids, Separators, Disinfection, Reprints.
PB90-221987/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
EPA Research in Urban Stormwater PoHutlon
Control. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
R. Field. C1990,20p EPA/600/ J-90/051
Pub. in Jnl. of the Hydraulics Division, Proceedings of
the American Society of Civil Engineers, v106 nHY5
p819-835 May 80. Presented at the ASCE Convention
and Exposition, Chicago, IL., October 16-20,1978.
The state-of-the-art on the Environmental Protection
Agency's research in urban stormwater and combined
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sewer overflow pollution control describes the major
elements of the Urban Runoff Pollution Control Pro-
gram. Problem definition, users assistance tools, man-
agement alternatives and technology transfer are cov-
ered, including some of the highlights of the Program's
future direction and products from over 150 of its re-
search projects. Capital cost comparisons for storm
and combined sewer control and treatment are given,
along with a specific example of cost-effect solution
for urban runoff pollution control by in-line storage in
Seattle. In a study done in Des Moines, using simplified
receiving water model, four control alternatives were
compared, considering cost and effectiveness in terms
of a frequency of dissolved oxygen standard viola-
tions-
Keywords: 'Overflows, 'Combined sewers, 'Water
pollution control, Management, Urban areas, Sewage
treatment, Cost comparison, Weather, Design, Sanita-
tion, Models, Standards, Oxygen, Dissolved gases,
Cost effectiveness, Erosion control, Reprints, 'Storm
water runoff, Primary treatment, Secondary treatment.
PB90-221995/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Role ot Pharmacokinetic Modeling In Risk Assess-
ment: Perchloroethylene (PCE) as an Example.
Symposium paper.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Carcinogen Assessment Group.
C. W. Chen, and J. N. Blancato. Dec 86,36p EPA/
600/D-90/045
Presented at the National Academy of Sciences Work-
shop on Pharmacokinetics and Risk Assessment,
Washington, DC., October 1986.
Available metabolic and pharmacokinetic data on
perchloroethylene (PCE) are used as a basis for dis-
cussion of the use of such data in quantitative risk as-
sessment. The emphasis is on methodologies for im-
proving risk assessment rather than on trie risk as-
sessment of PCE per se. The data available on PCE
are sufficient to independently construct a physiologi-
cally-based pharmacokinetic (PB-PK) model for each
of the three species: humans, rats, and mice. The
model is used to convert bioassay-administered doses
into metabolized doses for dose-response calculation,
to evaluate the effect of various exposure patterns on
metabolized dose, and to compare inhalation risk esti-
mates calculated on the basis of inhalation and
gavage bioassay data. The advantages and limitations
of using PB-PK models in risk assessment are ad-
dressed.
Keywords: 'Perchloryl compounds, Carcinogens, Bio-
assay, Humans, Rats, Mice, Reprints, 'Pharmacokine-
tics, Risk assessment, Dose-response relationships.
PB90-222001/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Computerized System for Performing Risk As-
sessments tor Chemical Constituents ot Hazard-
ous Waste. Symposium paper.
Hampshire Research Inst., Alexandria, VA.
J. L. Schaum, J. J. Segna, J. S. Young, C. M. Benes,
and W. R. Muir. Jan 90,21 p* EPA/600/D-9Q/044
Grant EPA-R-814552
Proceedings of ACS Symposium on Environmental
Expert Systems. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Health and En-
vironmental Assessment.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has spon-
sored the development of a software system to assist
environmental personnel in conducting risk assess-
ments at hazardous waste sites, and also in reviewing
assessments generated by contractors for corre-
spondence with EPA and State standards. The com-
puterized system, called Risk Assistant, combines a
series of tools, Including databases, expert exposure
and risk values. These tools are provided in an IBM-PC
format, with a user-friendly Interface that allows a user
to begin using the system quickly with little or no train-
ing.
Keywords: 'Risk, 'Hazardous materials, Waste dis-
posal, Public health, Exposure, 'Computer applica-
tions, 'Solid wastes, Chemical effluents, Environmen-
tal Protection Agency.
1596 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB80-222522/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Analysis of the Economic and Environmental Ef-
fects of Ethanol as an Automotive Fuel. Special
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Office of Mobile Sources.
Apr 90,146p
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
In July 1989 the President submitted to Congress his
Administration's proposals for revising the Clean Air
Act. One major component of the plan is the Clean Al-
ternative Fuels Program. The program would replace a
portion of the motor vehicle fleet in certain cities with
new vehicles that meet stringent air emission limits op-
erating on clean burning fuels such as methanol, etha-
nol, compressed natural gas, liquified petroleum gas,
electricity, and reformulate gasoline. The report, re-
leased by EPA, is the fourth in a series of reports that
will discuss the economic and environmental issues
associated with each of these fuels.
Keywords: 'Environmental effects, 'Ethyl alcohol, 'Air
pollution abatement, 'Air pollution control, 'Exhaust
emissions, Greenhouse effect, Automobiles, Market-
ing, Cost analysis, Safety, Biomass, Urban areas,
Ozone, Climate, Farm crops, 'Toxic substances,
'Economic impact. Clean Alternative Fuels Program,
Clean Air Act, Peroxyacetyl nitrate, Global aspects.
PB90-222704/HSU	PC A13/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Teatlng of Indoor Radon Reduction Techniques in
Central Ohio Houaes: Phase 2 (Winter 1988-1989).
Final rept. Sep 88-May 89.
Acres International Corp., Amherst, NY.
W. O. Findlay, A. Robertson, and A. G. Scott. May 90,
299p EPA/600/8-90/050
Contract EPA-68-02-4262
See also PB89-219984. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report gives results of tests of developmental
indoor radon reduction techniques in nine slab-on-
grade and four crawl-space houses near Dayton, Ohio.
The slab-on-grade tests indicated that, when there is a
good layer oT aggregate under the slab, the sub-slab
ventilation (SSV) mitigation technique, with only one or
two suction pipes, can generally reduce indoor con-
centrations below 2 pci/L (86 to 99% reduction).
These reductions can be achieved even when: there
are forced-air supply ducts under the slab; the slab is
large (up to 2600 sq ft); and the foundation walls are
hollow block. Operating the SSV system in suction
always gave greater reductions than did operating in
pressure. The crawl-space tests demonstrated that
depressurizing under a plastic liner over the crawl-
space floor was able to reduce living-area radon con-
centrations below 2 pCi/L (81 to 96% reduction). The
performance of such sub-liner depressurization gave
better reductions than did crawl-space ventilation
(blowing air into, or out of, the crawl space). Complete-
ly covering the crawl-space floor with plastic sheeting
was not always necessary to get adequate perform-
ance.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Radon, 'Houses,
'Ventilation, Basements, Concentratlon(Composition),
Radioactive contaminants, Pressurizing, Pressure re-
duction, 'Indoor air pollution, Radiation monitoring,
Dayton(Ohio), Sub-slab ventilation systems.
PB90-222746/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Field Test of the Proposed Revised HRS.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
18 Aug 89,140p EPA/540/P-90/001
The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
of 1986 (SARA) requires the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency (EPA) to revise the Hazard Ranking
System (HRS) so that, to the maximum extent feasible,
it accurately assesses the relative risks associated
with actual or potential releases of hazardous sub-
stances from a site. EPA initiated a field test of the pro-
posed HRS revisions to help assess the costs and im-
plementation concerns associated with the modifica-
tions. The field test major objectives are: To test the
feasibility of implementing the new and expanded pro-
posed revised HRS factors; To determine the re-
sources required (i.e., costs and technical hours) for
specific tasks under the proposed revised HRS; and
To assess the availability of information that would be
needed for the evaluation of sites with the proposed
revised HRS and to identify difficulties with its use. The
Agency tested the proposed revised HRS by perform-
ing inspections at 29 sites nationwide.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
•Pollution, Field tests, Sites, Ranking, Cost analysis,
Revisions, Proposals, Sources, Exposure, Air pollu-
tion, Ground water. Surface waters, Toxicity,
Graphs(Charts), Superfund, Clean up, Path of pollut-
ants.
PB90-224957/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Underground Storage Tanks.
Standard Teat Procedures for Evaluating Leak
Detection Methods: Automatic Tank Gauging Sys-
tems. Final rept.
Midwest Research Inst., Falls Church, VA.
J. D. Flora, and K. M. Bauer. Mar 90,107p EPA/530/
UST-90/006
Contract EPA-68-01 -7383
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington. DC. Office of Underground Storage
Tanks.
The handbook is one in a series of seven that da-
scribes EPA's standard test procedures for evaluating
the performance of leak detection equipment for un-
derground storage tanks. For each of the seven leak
detection methods discussed in the series a procedure
to test equipment in a consistent manner is provided.
The edition provides an explanation of how to conduct
the standardized test procedure, how to perform re-
quired calculations and how to report the results of the
test for Automatic Tank Gauging Systems.
Keywords: 'Storage tanks, 'Underground storage,
'Leak detectors, 'Handbooks, Fuel storage, Perform-
ance standards, Quality assurance, Numerical analy-
sis, Automatic control equipment, Safety,
Forms(Paper), Water. 'Land pollution abatement.
Source reduction, Compliance.
PB90-225293/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Evaluation of the Regional Oxidant Model (Ver-
sion 2.1) Ualng Ambient and Diagnostic Simula-
tions. Interim rept. Jan 89-Apr 90.
Computer Sciences Corp., Research Triangle Park,
NC.
T. E. Pierce, K. L. Schere, D. C. Doll, and W. E.
Heilman. Apr 90,112p EPA/600/3-90/046
Contract EPA-68-01 -7365
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
The latest version of EPA's Regional Oxidant Model,
ROM2.1 was evaluated to determine and to document
its accuracy. In this evaluation, model estimates were
compared with ambient measurements of hourly sur-
face ozone collected on 26 days during the summer of
1985 in the northeastern United States. The observed
and modeled maximum daytime concentrations
agreed on average within 2 ppb (79 ppb versus 77
ppb), but the model tended to underestimate the con-
centrations at the higher extremes of the frequency
distribution, particularly in the southern and western
portions of the model domain. Estimated and observed
spatial patterns for three day maximum ozone general-
ly showed good agreement. ROM2.1 improved notice-
ably over ROM2.0 with regard to the orientation of the
high-ozone plumes in the Northeast Corridor. A unique
aspect of the ambient evaluation was an assessment
of the model's ability to estimate boundary conditions
for the Urban Airshed Model. Near New York City, esti-
mated and observed boundary conditions agreed to
within 4 ppb (57 ppb versus 61 ppb). Model perform-
ance degraded, however, during some situations with
dynamic mesoscale wind flow conditions. A series of
diagnostic tests was also done on ROM2.1 to inveeti-
Cthe accuracy of its numerical solution algorithms,
n the model was subjected to extremely steep
concentration gradients (steeper than those observed
in the ambient atmosphere), the model did not con-
serve mass during a 40 h simulation, deviating by as
much as 18% from the initialized value. However, teats
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
model showed that predicted ozone values deviated
only slightly (less than 4%) from the original model.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Ozone, "Computer-
ized simulation, Study estimates, Performance evalua-
tion, Field tests, Comparison, Oxidizers,
Concentration(Composition),	Sites,
Wind(Meteorology), Spatial distribution, Statistical
analysis, 'Regional analysis, 'Air pollution sampling,
Emission inventories, State implementation plans, Di-
agnostic techniques, Northeast Region(United States),
Environmental transport, Meteorological parameters,
Boundary conditions.
PB90-225616/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
DFLOW User's Manual.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
L. A. Rossman. Jun 90, 34p EPA/600/8-90/051
DFLOW is a computer program for estimating design
stream flows for use in water quality studies. The
manual describes the use of the program on both the
EPA's IBM mainframe system and on a personal com-
puter (PC). The mainframe version of DFLOW can ex-
tract a river's daily flow record from EPA's STORET
system and convert it into a format suitable for down-
loading to a PC. Both the mainframe and PC versions
can compute aquatic life design flows based on either
continuous duration or annual extreme value flow sta-
tistics and a human health design flow equal to a
river's harmonic mean flow. The manual also de-
scribes the computational methods employed by
DFLOW.
Keywords: 'Stream flow, 'Water quality, Water pollu-
tion, Statistical analysis, Mathematical models, Rivers,
'User manuals(Computer programs), 'DFLOW com-
puter program, Environmental transport.
PB90-225731/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
ASA/EPA Conferences on Interpretation of Envi-
ronmental Data: III. Sampling and Sit* Selection In
Environmental Studies, May 14-15,1987.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
W. Liggett. 1987,87p* EPA/230/08-88/035
The proceedings are about drawing conclusions in en-
vironmental studies. The studies discussed involve air,
water, ground water, and soil. They employ techniques
from various statistical areas such as probability sam-
pling, response surface analysis, optimal design of ex-
periments, time series analysis, spatial prediction,
power transformations, and the analysis of variance.
The proceedings are Intended for statisticians involved
in the planning of environmental studies. The papers
include: A statistical assessment of the effect of the
Arizona car inspection/maintenance program on ambi-
ent CO air quality in Phoenix, Arizona; Sampling
design: some very practical considerations; Spatial
prediction and site selection; Spatial autocorrelation:
implications for sampling and estimation; Sampling
and modeling pollutant plumes: methods combining
direct measurements and remote sensing data; 'Vali-
dation' of air pollution dispersion models; and Assess-
ing effects on fluctuating populations: tests and diag-
nostics.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Sampling, Experimental
design, Statistical analysis, Environmental surveys,
Models, Plumes, Dispersions, Air pollution,
Population(StatistlC8), Spatial distribution, Water pollu-
tion, Ground water, Soil surveys, 'Environmental re-
search, 'Site selection, Air quality, Automobile ex-
haust.
PB90-225749/H8U	PC A05/MF A01
ASA/EPA Conferences on Interpretation of Envi-
ronmental Data: I. Current Assessment of Com-
bined Toxicant Effects, May 5-6,1986.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
E. Landau. 1986,100p EPA/230/03-87/027
The volume is a compendium of the papers and com-
mentaries that were presented at the first of a series of
four conferences on interpretation of environmental
data conducted by the American Statistical Associa-
tion and the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's
Statistical Policy Branch of the Office of Standards and
Regulations/Office of Policy, Planning, and Evalua-
tion. The purpose of these conferences is to provide a
forum in which professionals from the academic, pri-
vate, and public sectors can exchange ideas on statis-
tical problems that confront EPA in its charge to pro-
tect the public and the environment through regulation
of toxic exposures. They provide a unique opportunity
for Agency statisticians and scientists to interact with
their counterparts in the private sector. Eight papers
were presented by a variety of speakers assessing the
effects of mixtures of toxicants.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Statistical analysis, 'Public
health, Exposure, Toxicity, Ecology, Mixtures, Chemi-
cal compounds, Mathematical models, Animals,
'American Statistical Association, 'US EPA, 'Toxic
substances, 'Environmental effects, Environmental
transport, Biological effects, Pollution regulations.
PB90-225756/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
ASA/EPA Conferences on Interpretation of Envi-
ronmental Data: II. Statistical Issues in Combining
Environmental Studies, October 1-2,1986.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
D. M. Eddy. 1986,102p EPA/230/12-87/032
The volume is a compendium of the papers and com-
mentaries that were presented at the second of a
series of four conferences on interpretation of environ-
mental data conducted by the American Statistical As-
sociation and the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency. The purpose of these conferences is to pro-
vide a forum in which professionals from the academic,
private, and public sectors can exchange ideas on sta-
tistical problems that confront EPA in its charge to pro-
tect the public and the environment through regulation
of toxic exposures. The theme of the conference, 'Sta-
tistical Issues in Combining Environmental Studies,' is
particularly appropriate because policy formulation
rarely depends upon a single study. At any rate, the
conclusions from various studies are often seemingly
contradictory or the evidence from any single study is
not clear-cut. No matter how inconclusive the evi-
dence may be, it is still necessary to formulate policies.
The ASA/EPA research conference was held to make
environmental statisticians and scientists aware of
these new techniques and to examine the applicability
of the methodology to environmental studies.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Statistical analysis, Ecology,
Public health, Assessments, Fisheries, Probability dis-
tribution functions, Decision making, Research
projects, 'Environmentaleffects, 'US EPA, 'American
Statistical Association, 'Environmental policy,
Random processes, Meta-analysis.
PB90-225764/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
ASA/EPA Conferences on Interpretation of Envi-
ronmental Data: IV. Compliance Sampling, Octo-
ber 5-6,1987.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
1987,172p EPA/230/03-89/047
The volume is a compendium of the papers and com-
mentaries that were presented at the fourth of a series
of four conferences on interpretation of environmental
data conducted by the American Statistical Associa-
tion and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
The purpose of these conferences is to provide a
forum in which professionals from the academic, pri-
vate, and public sectors can exchange ideas on statis-
tical problems that confront EPA in its charge to pro-
tect the public and the environment through regulation
of toxic exposures.The general theme or the papers
and associated discussions is the design and interpre-
tation of environmental regulations that Incorporate,
from the outset, statistically valid compliance verifica-
tion procedures. Statistical aspects of associated com-
pliance monitoring programs are considered. Collec-
tively the papers deal with a wide variety of environ-
mental concerns including various novel approaches
to air emissions regulations and monitoring, spatial
sampling of soil, incorporation of potential health ef-
fects considerations into the design of monitoring pro-
grams, and considerations in the statistical evaluation
of analytical laboratory performance.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Statistical analysis, Air pollu-
tion, Soil analysis, Public health, Laboratories, Per-
formance evaluation, Exposure, Toxicity, Radioactive
materials, Design criteria, 'American Statistical Asso-
ciation, *USEPA, 'Pollution regulations, "Environmen-
tal effects, 'Standards compliance, 'Environmental
monitoring, Land pollution, Air pollution sampling,
Toxic substances, Air quality.
PB90-225806/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Analysis of the Economic and Environmental Ef-
fects of Methanol as an Automotive Fuel. Special
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Office of Mobile Sources.
Sep 89,88p
In July 1989 the President submitted to Congress his
Administration's proposals for revising the Clean Air
Act. One major component of his planls the Clean Al-
ternative Fuels Program. The program would replace a
portion of the motor vehicle fleet in certain cities with
new vehicles that meet stringent air emission limits op-
erating on clean burning fuels such as methanol, etha-
nol, compressed natural gas, liquified petroleum gas,
electricity, and reformulated gasoline. The report, re-
leased by EPA, is the first in a series of reports that will
discuss the economic and environmental issues asso-
ciated with each of these fuels.
Keywords: 'Automotive fuels, 'Methanol fuels, Ex-
haust emissions, Alcohol fuels, Gasohol, Economic
analysis, Environmental effects, Natural gas, Electrici-
, Liquefied petroleum gases, Prices, Air pollution,
zone layer, Clean Alternative Fuels Program, Alter-
native fuels, Greenhouse effect, Toxic substances.
PB90-225830/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Analysis of the Economic and Environmental Ef-
fects of Compressed Natural Gas as a Vehicle
Fuel. Volume 2. Heavy-Duty Vehicles. Special rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Apr 90,124p
See also Volume 1, PB90-220559.
In July 1989 the President submitted to Congress his
Administration's proposals for revising the Clean Air
Act. One major component of his plan is the Clean Al-
ternative Fuels Program. The program would replace a
portion of the motor vehicle fleet in certain cities with
new vehicles that meet stringent air emission limits op-
erating on clean burning fuels such as methanol, etha-
nol, compressed natural gas, liquified petroleum gas,
electricity, and reformulate gasoline. The report, re-
leased by EPA, is the third in a series of reports that
will discuss the economic and environmental issues
associated with each of these fuels.
Keywords: 'Economic analysis, 'Natural gas, 'Air pol-
lution abatement, 'Air pollution control, Motor fuels,
Greenhouse effect, Rates(Cost), Exhaust emissions,
Motor vehicle engines, Refueling, Cost analysis, 'Envi-
ronmental effects, 'Heavy duty vehicles, 'Com-
pressed gases, 'Alternative fuels, Clean Air Act, Clean
Alternative Fuels Program, Source reduction, Fugitive
emissions, Technology utilization, Air quality.
PB90-225863/HSU	PC A99/MF E09
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Measurement of Toxic and Related Air Pollutants.
Proceedings of the 1988 EPA/APCA International
Symposium. Held In Research Triangle Park,
North Carolina on May 2-4,1988.
Air Pollution Control Association, Pittsburgh, PA.
S. K. Jayanty, and S. Hochheiser. May 88,983p
APCA/PUB/VIP-10, EPA/600/9-88/015
See also PB88-113402. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
A joint conference for the third straight year, cospon-
sored by APCA's TP-7, and ITF-2 technical commit-
tees and the Environmental Monitoring Systems Labo-
ratory of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
was held in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina,
May 2-4, 1988. The technical program consisted of
140 presentations, held in 13 separate sessions, on
recent advances in the measurement and monitoring
of toxic and related pollutants found in ambient and
source atmospheres. Covering a wide range of meas-
urement topics and supported by 51 exhibitors of in-
strumentation and consulting services, the symposium
was enthusiastically received by more than 675 atten-
dees from the United States and other countries. The
volume contains the papers presented. This confer-
ence, the eighth in a series arranged each year by
EPA/RTP, but the third as a jointly sponsored confer-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ence by EPA and APCA was arranged with the follow-
ing primary objective; to provide a forum for the ex-
change of ideas on the recent advances for the ac-
ceptably reliable and accurate measurement and mon-
itoring of toxic and related pollutants found in ambient
and source atmospheres. The growing number of re-
sponses to the symposium represents an encouraging
step in the enhancement of our current measurement
and monitoring capabilities.
Keywords: "Meetings, Samplers, Acidification, Deposi-
tion, Hazardous materials, Waste disposal, Data proc-
essing, Public health, Malignant neoplasms,
Concentration(Composition), Site surveys, "Toxic sub-
stances, "Air pollution sampling, "Environmental moni-
toring, Indoor air pollution, The Association Dedicated
to Air Pollution Control and Waste Management, US
EPA, Technology transfer, International cooperation,
Pollution sources. Volatile organic compounds, Acid
rain, Dry methods, Dibenzodioxin/tetrachloro, Diben-
zofuran/tetrachloro.
PB90-225913/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Baywlde Nutrient Reduction Strategy: Chesa-
peake Bay Program. Progress Report. No. 1,1989.
Annual rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Dec 89,26p
See also PB89-173744.
The report prepared by the Nutrient Reduction Task
Force of the Nonpoint Source Subcommittee, summa-
rizes implementation progress and analytic refine-
ments under the Baywide Nutrient Reduction Strategy.
Also the study includes information on modeling meth-
odology and progress in installation of best manage-
ment practices for cropland erosion, animal waste
management, and point source controls.
Keywords: "Nutrients, "Water pollution control,
Chesapeake Bay, Reduction, Farm crops, Erosion,
Mathematical models, Watersheds, Land use, Moni-
toring, "Best management practices, Nonpoint
sources, Point sources, Farm wastes, Organic loading.
PB90-225921/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Long-Range Research Agenda 1990-1994.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
R. Hardesty. Feb 90,131p EPA/600/9-90/024
See also PB88-238209.
The Long-Range Research Agenda is prepared in re-
sponse to the Congressional requirement that the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) submit an
annual revision of a comprehensive five-year plan for
environmental research, development, and demon-
stration after the President submits his annual budget
to the Congress (P.L. 94-475, Section 5,10/1/76; P.L.
95-155, Section 4,11 /8/87). The annual revision is re-
quired to convey the plans for no growth, moderate
growth or high growth budget projections and should
include an explanation of the relationship between re-
search and existing laws which authorize environmen-
tal research, development, and demonstration. The
budget projections contained therein assume a 3% in-
crease in the moderate growth scenario and a 6% in-
crease in the high growth scenario. The budget projec-
tions are subject to change associated with new
Agency priorities and the availability of funds.
Keywords: "Research projects, "Pollution, Budgeting,
Air pollution, Water pollution, Pesticides, Radiation
hazards, Management planning, Hazardous materials,
Law(Jurispurdence), Waste disposal, "Long term ef-
fects, "Environmental Protection Agency, "Toxic sub-
stances, Interagency cooperation, Demonstration pro-
grams, Comprehensive planning, Research and devel-
opment, Superfund, Risk assessment, Energy
sources.
PB90-226044/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Ichthyoplankton Monitoring and Research on the
Chesapeake Bay.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Apr 90,22p CBP/TRS-40/90
Proceedings of a Consensus Workshop, Baltimore,
MD., December 5,1989.
The proceedings, including recommendations, of a
workshop convened at the request of the Chesapeake
Bay Program Living Resources Subcommittee are pre-
sented. Discussions focused on the possible benefits
of ichthyoplankton monitoring to understand effects of
water quality, plankton abundances, and environmen-
tal variability on fish spawning. Participants also con-
sidered whether ichthyoplankton research could lead
to an understanding of recruitment variability and its
causes.
Keywords: "Chesapeake Bay, "Proceedings, "Fisher-
ies, "Marine biology, Water quality,
Reproduction(Biology), "Environmental monitoring,
"Ichthyoplankton.
PB90-226051/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Policy for the
Chesapeake Bay and Tidal Tributaries: An Agree-
ment Commitment Report from the Chesapeake
Executive Council.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
31 Jul 89,16p
The report outlines recommended actions to protect
existing submerged aquatic vegetation beds from fur-
ther losses, establishes water quality and habitat ob-
jectives to restore beds, and defines goals in terms of
acreage, abundance and species diversity.
Keywords: "Aquatic plants, "Chesapeake Bay, "Tide-
water, Water quality, Habitats, Species diversity, Envi-
ronmental monitoring, Environmental protection.
PB90-226069/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Guidance on EPA Oversight of Remedial Designs
and Remedial Actions Performed by Potentially
Responsible Parties. Interim rept. (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Apr 90, 56p EPA/540/G-90/001
The Interim Final Guidance on EPA Oversight of Re-
medial Designs and Remedial Actions Performed by
Potentially Responsible Parties was issued in order to
ensure that selected remedies being conducted are
protective of public health and the environment, and
that the Remedial Actions are in compliance with the
applicable performance standards. It provides guid-
ance for oversight when EPA is the lead agency on a
project in which a Potentially Responsible Party con-
ducts the Remedial Design and Remedial Action. The
guidance does not cover projects when the Remedial
esign and Remedial Action is performed with Super-
fund monies in which the EPA or the State is the lead
agency. This will be the subject of future guidance doc-
uments.
Keywords: "Guidelines, "Hazardous materials,
"Project management, Waste disposal. Design criteria,
Law enforcement, Performance standards, Quality as-
surance, Decision making, Reviews, Quality control,
Management planning, Engineering standards, "Re-
medial action, "Cleanup operations, "Superfund, Land
pollution control, Public opinion, Compliance, US EPA.
PB90-226077/HSU	PC A10/MF A02
Direct/Delayed Response Project: Field Oper-
ations and Quality Assurance Report for Soli
Sampling In the Mid-Appalachian Region of the
United States.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. S. Kern, and J. J. Lee. Jun 90,213p EPA/600/3-90/
045
Prepared in cooperation with NSI Technology Services
Corp., Corvallis, OR.
The Direct/Delayed Response Project (DDRP) has
been designed and implemented by the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency to reduce uncertainties in
current understanding of the effects of acidic deposi-
tion on surface waters chemistry. The response of wa-
tersheds to acidic deposition is being assessed for se-
lected study regions using data from DDRP watershed
surveys, USEPA surface water surveys, and acidic
deposition data. The document describes the planning
activities, field activities, and the quality assurance/
quality control (QA/QC) operations associated with
soil sampling in the Mid-Appalachian Region of the
United States. The watersheds mapped were chosen
from those studied by the USEPA National Surface
Water Survey. The objective of the soil sampling was
to collect samples to characterize the physical and
chemical properties of soil from watersheds that were
mapped by the DDRP. The activities resulted in 100
percent of the selected pedons being sampled.
Keywords: "Soil surveys, "Water chemistry, "Water-
sheds, "Deposition, "Water pollution, Air water interac-
tions, Air pollution, Surface waters, Physical proper-
ties, Chemical properties, Acidification, Quality control,
Quality assurance, Field tests, Sampling, pH, "Middle
Appalachian Mountain Region(United States), Acid
rain, Environmental transport, "Direct/Delayed Re-
sponse Project.
PB90-226119/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
EPA Draft Environmental Impact Statement Sup-
plement (Tallahassee-Leon County Wastewater
Management, Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida).
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Jan 90,164p EPA/904/9-90/001
See also PB83-179705.
Since the mid-1970s, wastewater management alter-
natives have been developed and evaluated for the
Tallahassee-Leon County area. The 201 Plan, pre-
pared by the City of Tallahassee (the City), proposed
expanding the City's central sewers to serve growth
areas in Leon County (the County). The 1983 EIS eval-
uated the 201 Plan alternatives, plus the alternative of
'no-federal-action.' Since issuance of the 1983 EIS, in-
vestigations into failures of on-site septic systems
within the study area and compilation of information re-
lating to soil types, water tables, and development
density have provided data which were not available
during the 1983 EIS study. In January 1988, EPA
Region IV issued a Notice of Intent to prepare the Envi-
ronmental Impact Statement Supplement (EIS Supple-
ment). The EIS Supplement addresses direct and indi-
rect impacts of wastewater management alternatives
for the study area for a 20 year planning period (1990
through 2010). The EIS Supplement examines infor-
mation relating to soils, water tables, development
density, and on-site system failures. The impacts asso-
ciated with these items, including secondary impacts
of induced growth in the project area, are examined.
Keywords: "Environmental impact statements-draft,
"Sewers, Population growth, Substitutes, Scenarios,
Management planning, Waste disposal, Performance
evaluation, Forecasting, Soil surveys, Water table,
"Leon County(Florida), "Sewage treatment plants,
"Sewage treatment effluents, US EPA, Administrative
procedures.
PB90-226150/HSU	PC A19/MF AOS
Environmental Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region
Toxics Study of the Lower Calcasieu River.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
P. Cunningham, R. Williams, R. Chessin, K. Little, and
P. A. Croaker. Mar 90,438p
Prepared in cooperation with Louisiana Dept. of Envi-
ronmental Quality, Baton Rouge, and Geological
Survey, Baton Rouge, LA. Sponsored by Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Dallas, TX. Region VI.
The report presents results for a toxics water quality
survey of the Lower Calcasieu River Estuary, Louisi-
ana. The study was conducted June-July, 1988, and in-
cluded toxicity testing of effluents, ambient water and
sediments, and priority pollutant chemical analysis of
ambient water and sediments. Ten industrial facilities
and 35 water quality stations were sampled. This was
a cooperative study between U.S. EPA and the Louisi-
ana Department of Environmental Quality and the U.S.
Geological Survey to assess water quality impacts due
to point source discharges.
Keywords: "Water quality, "Toxicity, "Calcasieu River,
Sediments, Data processing, Water analysis,
Concentration(Compo8ition), Site surveys, Public
health, Aquatic biology, Estuaries, Industrial wastes,
Bioassays, Sewage disposal, 'Water pollution detec-
tion, "Water pollution sampling, Point sources, Risk as-
sessment, Biological effects, Ecosystems.
PB90-226457/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 213: Sulfosate.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
9 Jan 90,9p EPA/540/FS-90/091
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Tha document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on issuance or reissuance of a
registration standard; issuance of each special review
document; registration of a significantly changed use
pattern; registration of a new chemical; or an immedi-
ate need for information to resolve controversial
issues relating to a specific chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Herbicides, Phosphonates.
Hazardous materials, Chemical properties, Regula-
tions, Toxicology, Ecology, Agricultural products,
'Toxic substances, 'Sulfosate, Path of pollutants,
Chemical information fact sheet, Use patterns, CAS
81591 -81-3, Science findings.
PB90-226614/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Locating and Estimating Air Toxica Emissions
from Sewage Sludge Incinerators. Final rept. Mar-
Nov 89.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
L. Lamb, C. B. Brlckley, and R. Dykes. May 90,83p
EPA/450/2-90/009
Contract EPA-68-02-4392
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The document is intended to assist groups interested
in inventorying air emissions of various potentially toxic
substances from sewage sludge incinerators. Its in-
tended audience includes Federal, State and local air
pollution personnel. The document presents informa-
tion on the process description of the various types of
sewage sludge incinerators and their air pollution con-
trol equipment. Emission factors are presented for
each major type of sewage sludge incinerators for the
following: metals including arsenics, beryllium, cadmi-
um, chromium, and nickel; and organics including
chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, ben-
zene, chlorinated benzene, and phenol.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, 'Air pollution control
equipment, Incinerators, Design criteria, Performance
evaluation, State government, Local government,
Metals, Organic compounds, Gas analysis, Particles,
'Toxic substances, Emission inventories, 'Sewage
sludge, Emission factors, Air pollution sampling, Air
pollution detection, Volatile organic compounds.
PB90-226671/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field.
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1989.
Volume 6. Southwestern Illinois Region. Annual
rept.
Greater Egypt Regional Planning and Development
Commission, Carbondale, IL.
S. E. Andres. Apr 90,70p IEPA/WPC-90-106F
See also PB90-220393, and Volume 7, PB90-226689.
Sponsored by Illinois State Environmental Protection
Agency, Springfield.
The Illinois Environmental Protection Agency Initiated
the Illinois Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program (VLMP)
in 1981 as a result of growing public interest in lakes
and the need to expand the state's data base on lake
water quality. The purpose of the VLMP Is to involve
volunteers with lake monitoring, thereby providing ef-
fective public education in lake ecology and lake man-
agement, as well as a useful data base for site-specific
and statewide lake quality assessment. This Regional
Report volume is a compilation of lake monitoring data
for 12 lakes in the Southwestern Illinois region. A re-
gional lake location map and a ranking of lakes by av-
erage transparency are in this section. Section II con-
tains lake data and individual lake summaries for those
VLMP lakes that were monitored during eight or more
semi-monthly sampling periods in the 1989 season.
Section III includes lake data for those VLMP lakes
that were monitored by IEPA and SIMAPC. Data col-
lected under lEPA's Ambient Lake Monitoring Program
in 1989 are also included where available.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Lakes, Data
processing, Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), Transpar-
ence, Aquatic biology, Sediments, Water pollution, Nu-
trients, Watersheds, Field tests, 'Southwest
Region(lliinois), 'Environmental monitoring, 'Aquatic
ecosystems. Public information. Regional analysis.
PB90-226689/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field.
Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program, 1989.
Volume 7. Southern Illinois Region. Annual rept.
Greater Egypt Regional Planning and Development
Commission, Carbondale, IL.
D. B. Muir. Apr 90,77p IEPA/WPC-90-106G
See also Volume 6, PB90-226671. Sponsored by Illi-
nois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field.
The Illinois Environmental Protection Agency initiated
the Illinois Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program (VLMP)
in 1981 as a result of growing public interest in lakes
and the need to expand the state's data base on lake
water quality. The purpose of the VLMP is to involve
volunteers with lake monitoring, thereby providing ef-
fective public education in lake ecology and manage-
ment as well as a useful data base for site-specific and
statewide lake quality assessment. This Regional
Report volume is a compilation of lake monitoring data
for lakes in the Southern Illinois region. A regional lake
location map and a ranking of lakes by average trans-
parency are in this section. Section II contains lake
data and individual lake summaries for those VLMP
lakes that were monitored during nine or more semi-
monthly sampling periods in the 1989 season. Section
III includes lake data for those VLMP lakes that were
monitored during four to nine of the semi-monthly sam-
pling periods. Data collected under lEPA's Ambient
Lake Monitoring Program in 1989 is also included
where available.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, 'Lakes, Data
processing, Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), Transpar-
ence, Aquatic biology, Sediments, Water pollution, Nu-
trients, Watersheds, Field tests, 'Southern
Region(lllinois), 'Environmental monitoring, 'Aquatic
ecosystems, Public information, Regional analysis.
PB90-226705/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Chesapeake Bay Blue Crab Management Plan: An
Agreement Commitment Report from the Chesa-
peake Executive Council.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Jul 89,43p
See also PB89-207450.
The report is a management plan to conserve and pro-
tect the ecological value of the blue crab stock and
concurrently generate the greatest long-term econom-
ic and social benefit from using the resource. The
study addresses the increasing fishing effort, wasteful
harvesting practices, the need for additional stock as-
sessment information, regulatory issues, and habitat
degradation.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Crabs, 'Management, 'Chesa-
peake Bay, Conservation, Fishing, Mortality, Salinity,
Temperature, Economic factors, Regulations, Harvest-
ing, Maryland, Virginia, 'Habitats, Catch statistics.
PB90-226713/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Chesapeake Bay Striped Bass Management Plan:
An Agreement Commitment Report from the
Chesapeake Executive Council.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Dec 89,47p
The report is a management plan to enhance and per-
petuate the striped bass stock in the Chesapeake Bay
and its tributaries, and throughout its Atlantic coast
range, to generate optimum long-term ecological,
social, and economic benefits. Tne plan identifies
problems and recommends management strategies to
overcome them.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Bass, 'Management, 'Chesa-
peake Bay, Conservation, Fishing, Damage, Harvest-
ing, Economic factors. Regulations, Mortality, Salinity,
Maryland, Virginia, Habitats, Catch statistics.
PB90-226721/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Chesapeake Bay Oyster Management Plan: An
Agreement Commitment Report from the Chesa-
peake Executive Council.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Jul 89,42p
See also PB89-207443.
The report is a management plan to increase baywide
stocks of oysters by initiating short and long-term ac-
tions to deal with problems related to overharvesting,
recruitment, disease mortality, leased ground produc-
tion, habitat, shellfish sanitation, market production,
and repletion programs.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Oysters, 'Management,
'Chesapeake Bay, Conservation, Production, Harvest-
ing, Diseases, Mortality, Sanitation, Marketing, Li-
censes, Maryland, Virginia, Potomac River, 'Habitats,
Recruitment, Catch statistics.
PB90-226739/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Chesapeake Bay Segmentation Scheme.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
R. Price. Jan 90,16p CBP/TRS-38/90
Prepared in cooperation with Computer Sciences
Corp., Annapolis, MD. Chesapeake Bay Liaison Office.
The maps and listings describing the latitude/longi-
tude coordinates for the segmentation scheme used to
design Chesapeake Bay monitoring programs and as
the spatial scheme for management and interpretation
of monitoring data. The segmentation scheme also
has been entered into the Bay Program's Geographic
Information System.
Keywords: 'Monitoring, 'Environmental impacts,
'Chesapeake Bay, Maps, Design, Latitude, Longitude,
Coordinates, Geography, Boundaries, Data acquisi-
tion, Listings, Geographic information system.
PB90-226747/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Land Use for the Chesapeake Bay Watershed
Model.	.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
J. E. Hannawald. Mar 90,54p CBP/TRS-39/90
The report describes methods used to refine and
update land use data for the Chesapeake Bay Water-
shed Model. Also included is a county-by-county
breakdown of acreage In cropland, pasture, woodland,
and urban use throughout the Chesapeake Bay water-
shed.
Keywords: 'Watersheds, 'Land use, 'Chesapeake
Bay, Cultivation, Area, Farm crops, Pasture, Urban
areas, Surveys, District of Columbia, Maryland, Dela-
ware, Virginia, Models, Tables(Data), Woodland,
Counties.
PB90-226754/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Chesapeake Bay Alosld Management Plan: An
Agreement Commitment Report from the Chesa-
peake Executive Council.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Jul 89.52p
See also PB89-207435.
The report is a management plan to protect, restore,
and enhance baywide shad and river herring stocks to
generate the greatest long-term ecological, economic,
and social benefits from the resource. The study de-
scribes four problem areas: declining abundance;
overfishing; stock assessment deficiencies; habitat
loss and degradation, and recommends remedial strat-
egies.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Fisheries, 'Management,
'Chesapeake Bay, Herrings, Abundance, Losses,
Degradation, Economic factors, Prices,
Law(Jurisprudence), Recommendations, 'Alosid,
Habitats, Overfishing, 'Shad.
PB90-226820/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Pesticide Spray Penetration and Thermal Comfort
of Protective Apparel for Pesticide Applicators.
Rept. for 1 Oct 85-31 Jan 89.
Tennessee Univ., Knoxville.
J. 0. DeJonge, and E. Easter. Jun 90,158p EPA/600/
2-90/023
Prepared in cooperation with Kentucky Univ., Lexing-
ton. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The use of protective apparel to serve as a barrier from
dermal exposure is considered vital for providing some
measure of protection for those who work with and
around pesticides. The research is aimed at ultimately
providing recommendations for types of protective ap-
parel for pesticide application for dermal exposure pro-
tection and thermal comfort. A laboratory spray system
was developed and validated that delivers a controlled
amount of pesticide solution to fabric samples for pes-
ticide penetration evaluation. Woven fabrics of varying
thickness and weight were evaluated. When thickness
remained the same, pesticide spray penetration could
be attributed to weight. As fabric weight increased,
pesticide penetration decreased. Wearing clothing
with fabric weight below 250 g/sq m (7.37 oz/sq yd) is
not recommended. Laboratory evaluation of nonwo-
ven fabrics found alternatives to the most commonly
used nonwoven fabric (Tyvek), all providing equally
good protection. A screening of fabrics for thermal
comfort determined that plain weave, light weight,
woven fabrics were the most comfortable. Of the non-
woven fabrics evaluated, the combination of polyester
and wood pulp showed the best promise as comforta-
ble protective apparel.
Keywords: "Protective clothing, 'Pesticides, Spraying,
Materials testing, Skin(Anatomy), Permeability, Fab-
rics, Performance evaluation, Quality assurance, "Oc-
cupational safety and health, "Man environment inter-
actions, "Thermal testing.
PB90-227117/HSU	PC A21 /MF A03
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Everett Harbor Action Program: Analysis of Toxic
Ei . 2,m Area8, Puflet Sound Estuary Program:
Final Report and Appendices. Two Volumes.
PTI Environmental Services, Bellevue, WA.
Sep 88,494p EPA/910/9-88/241
Also pub. as Tetra Tech, Inc., Bellevue, WA. rept. no.
TETRAT-TC-3338-26. Prepared in cooperation with
Tetra Tech, Inc., Bellevue, WA. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA. Region X.
The report presents the results of a field investigation
of the nearshore region of the Everett Harbor/Port
Gardner/Snohomish River system. Under the Everett
Harbor Action Program, federal, state, and local agen-
cies cooperate to respond to toxic contamination prob-
lems. Response actions may include regulatory control
of point and non-point contamination sources, source
treatment, capping or removal of highly contaminative
sediments. The study objectives were to: (1) define
spatial patterns and quantitative relationships between
sediment contamination, toxicity and biological effects;
(2)	identify problem areas of sediment contamination;
(3)	rank problem areas for possible remediation; (4)
identify potential problem chemicals that display high
concentrations in association with biological effects. A
standardized assessment technique used in several
other Puget Sound Estuary Program urban bay
projects was used to identify problem sediments. The
primary information used in the problem area ranking
process included: (1) sediment characteristics (i.e.,
contaminant concentrations, conventional physical/
chemical characteristics); and (2) biological effects
(i.e., benthic invertebrate community structure, sedi-
ment toxicity bioassays using amphipods, concentra-
tions of PCB's, chlorinated pesticides and mercury in
muscle tissue of English sole, prevalence of liver le-
sions in English sole).
Keywords: "Water pollution control, "Sediments, "Ev-
erett Harbor, Problem solving, Benthos, Decision
making, Field tests, Spatial distribution, Toxicity,
Concentration(Composition), Physical properties,
Chemical properties, Pesticides, Mercury(Metal),
Bioassays, Chemical analysis, Snohomish River,
"Toxic substances, "Remedial action, "Water pollution
effects(Animals), "Water pollution detection, Biologi-
cal effects, Pudget Sound Estuaiy Program, Source re-
duction, Pollution regulations, Sediment-water inter-
faces, Ranking.
PB90-227125/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Coaullle Ocean Dredged Material Disposal Site
(ODMDS) Designation. Final Environmental Impact
Statement.	. _ ....
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Ma?90,'l'56p EPA/910/9-88/226F
The final EIS provides information to support designa-
tion of an ocean dredged material disposal site
1600 Vol. 90, No. 24
(ODMDS) in the Pacific Ocean off the mouth of the Co-
quille River in the state of Oregon. The proposed
ODMDS is an adjusted location lying north-northeast
of an existing, interim-designated site. Site designation
studies were conducted by the Portland District, Corps
of Engineers, in consultation with Region 10, EPA. The
adjusted ODMDS was judged to be a safer location
with less potential for adverse environmental effects.
No significant or long term adverse environmental ef-
fects are predicted to result from designation. The des-
ignated ODMDS would continue to receive sediments
dredged by the Corps of Engineers to maintain the fed-
erally authorized navigation project at Coquille River,
Oregon, and other dredged materials authorized in ac-
cordance with Section 103 or the Marine Protection,
Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 (MPRSA). De-
signate of an ODMDS does not constitute or imply ap-
proval of an actual disposal of material. Before any dis-
posal may occur a specific evaluation by Corps must
be made using EPA's ocean dumping criteria. EPA
makes an independent evaluation of the proposal and
has the right to disapprove the actual disposal.
Keywords: "Environmental impact statements-Final,
"Site surveys, Environmental surveys, Pacific Ocean,
Waste disposal, Water pollution abatement, Coquille
River, Oregon, Sediments, Sampling, Coasts, "Ocean
waste disposal, "Dredge spoil, Socioeconomic im-
pacts, Environmental protection, Environmental ef-
fects, Long term effects.
PB90-227232/HSU	PC A10/MF A02
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Feasibility Study of the Effectiveness of Drilling
Mud as a Plugging Agent in Abandoned Wells.
Project rept. Jan-Apr 90.
Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater.
M. D. Smith, R. L. Perry, G. F. Stewart, W. A. Holloway,
and F. R.Jones. Jun90,204pEPA/600/2-90/022
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
The main objective of the feasibility study was to test
the hypothesis that properly plugged wells are effec-
tively sealed by drilling mud. While achieving such an
objective, knowledge of the dynamics of building mud
cake on the wellbore-face is obtained, as well as com-
prehension of changes that occur in drilling mud from
the time it is placed in a well until it reaches equilibrium.
A system was developed to simulate (a) building mud
cake in a borehole, (b) plugging the well, and (c) inject-
ing salt water into a nearby well, with concomitant mi-
gration of salt water into the plugged well. The system
duplicates' reservoir pressures, mud pressures, and
reservoir-formation characteristics that develop while
mud cake is built, as in drilling a well. Salt-water injec-
tion is simulated, to monitor any fluid migration through
the reservoir. A 2100-ft. well and ancillary equipment
was constructed to permit controlled measurement
and variation of simulated depth, porosity and perme-
ability of reservoir rock, fluid composition, fluid pres-
sure, injection pressure, and mud properties. Data can
be recorded continuously by computer. The in-place
system provides for extensive testing of the many vari-
ables that influence effective plugging of boreholes
with drilling mud.
Keywords: "Injection wells, "Drilling fluids, "Sealers,
Feasibility, Formation tests. Experimental design, Per-
meability, Computerized simulation, Environment sim-
ulation, Data acquisition, Measuring instruments,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Boreholes,
"Liquid waste disposal, "Land pollution abatement,
Environmental monitoring, Hazardous and Solid Waste
Amendment of 1984, Environmental transport.
PB90-227323/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Effective Nonpolnt Source Public Education and
Outreach: A Review of Selected Programs In
Region 10.
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
C. Ryan. Aug 89,52p EPA/910/9-89/023
Nonpolnt Source (NPS) pollution has been identified
as the principal remaining cause of water quality prob-
lems throughout the United States, and public educa-
tion and outreach is recognized as an essential ele-
ment of an effective NPS control program. There are a
number of successful NPS public education and out-
reach programs being planned and implemented in
US EPA's Region 10. The report documents and
evaluates several selected NPS public education and
outreach programs in Region 10.
Keywords: "Water pollution, Programs, Financing,
"Nonpoint sources, "Educational programs, "Out-
reach programs, Environmental pollution, Path of pol-
lution, Program effectiveness, US EPA.
PB90-227331/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Puget Sound Mlcrolayer Workshop: Summary
Report. Puget Sound Estuary Program.
PTI Environmental Services, Bellevue, WA.
May 90,22p EPA/910/9-90/008
Contract EPA-68-D8-0085
Workshop held in Seattle, WA. on November 15-16,
1989. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Seattle, WA. Region X, and Environmental
Protection Agency, Seattle, WA. Region X.
The report summarizes the presentation and follow-up
discussions from the Puget Sound Microlayer Work-
shop that was held in Seattle on 15 and 16 November
1989. A group of nine experts, together with represent-
atives from EPA and Puget Sound Water Quality Au-
thority was assembled to make presentations and par-
ticipate in panel discussions on selected topics related
to microlayer contamination. The primary goals of the
workshop were to transmit technical information
among the workshop participates and audience and to
clearly identify what is known and not known about mi-
crolayer processes related to contamination, biological
exposure, and effects. The primary emphasis of the
workshop was on an assessment of the currently avail-
able information on Puget Sound. However, informa-
tion from other geographic areas was used as appro-
priate or where Puget Sound data were not available.
A second workshop goal was to identify data gaps and
microlayer research needs required to develop effec-
tive pollution prevention and control strategies in
Puget Sound. The results of the workshop were In-
tended to be used by the sponsoring agencies to
assess the magnitude and severity of microlayer prob-
lems and to determine the extent to which studies of
microlayer contamination justify agency funding and
support relative to other environmental problems in
Puget Sound.
Keywords: "Puget Sound. "Meetings, "Water pollution
control, "Microanalysis, Exposure, Physical properties,
Chemical properties, Pathogens, Ecology, Ocean
surface, "Biological effects, Environmental transport,
Technology assessment, Federal Region X, US EPA,
Puget Sound Water Quality Authority, Pollution
sources, Technology transfer.
PB90-227S50/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
EPA Workshop on Radioactivity Contaminated
Sites. Held In Albuquerque, New Mexico on May 3-
5,1989.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
Mar 90,181p EPA/520/1-90/009
The report is a compilation of reports presented at a
workshop that was sponsored jointly by the Environ-
mental Protection Agency's Office of Radiation Pro-
grams and Office of Emergency and Remedial Re-
sponse. They include status reports from DOE, DOD,
and private industry, EPA case studies, and summaries
of applicable technology and research.
Keywords: "Meetings, Research projects, Earth fills
Decontamination, Radium, Uranium, "US EPA, "Ra-
dioactive contamination, "Site characterization, "Ra-
dioactive waste management. Radioactive waste dis-
posal, Technology assessment Remedial action, US
DOE, Ranking, US DOD, Case studies, Land pollution
Mill tailings.
PB90-228610/HSU	PC A12/MF A02
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA. Office of
Research and Development.
Available Models for Estimating Emission* Result-
ing from Bloremedlatlon Processes: a Review.
Final rept.
AQUA TERRA Consultants, Mountain View, CA.
S. Sharp-Hansen. Mar 90,275p EPA/600/3-90/031
Contract EPA-68-03-3513
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Athens
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The use of bioremediation processes to treat hazard-
ous waste has increased in the last 10 years. Biologi-
cal treatment offers the advantage of contaminant de-
struction rather than transfer to other media. There is
concern, however, that significant amounts of organic
pollutants are emitted to the air from biological treat-
ment activities before they can be degraded. To esti-
mate the magnitude of emissions from these facilities,
overall fate models that incorporate the effects of sev-
eral competing removal mechanisms are needed. The
report focuses on the state-of-the-art in modeling air
emissions from bioremediation processes. The biologi-
cal treatment systems are described, as are the impor-
tant pathways that affect the fate of organic pollutants
in those systems. Currently available models are iden-
tified, described, and evaluated for each bioremedia-
tion process. Finally, some limitations of the models
and the need for additional research are discussed.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
'Air pollution, 'Mathematical models, Adsorption, Or-
ganic compounds, Air water interactions, Reviews,
Waste disposal, Runoff, Biodeterioration, Vaporizing,
'Biological waste treatment, 'Waste processing
plants, Land disposal, Surface impoundments, State of
the art, Path of pollutants, Biological effects.
PB90-228826/HSU	PC E99/MF E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Municipal Waste Combustion Multlpollutant
Study, Emission Test Report. Maine Energy Re-
covery Company Refuse Derived Fuel Facility,
Blddeford, Maine.
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
Jul 89,1358p-in-3v
Set Includes PB90-228834 through PB90-228859. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Radian Corp., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
No abstract available.
PB90-228834/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Municipal Waste Combustion Multlpollutant
Study, Emission Test Report. Maine Energy Re-
covery Company, Refuse Derived Fuel Facility,
Blddeford, Maine. Volume 1. Summary of Results.
Final rept. Dec 87-May 88.
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
G. Scheil, S. Klamm, M. Whitacre, J. Surman, and W.
Kelly. Jul 89,161p EPA/600/8-89/064A
Contracts EPA-68-02-4463, EPA-68-02-4395
See also Volume 2, PB90-228842. Sponsored by
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC., and Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-228826.
The report gives results of an emission test of a new
municipal solid waste combustor, in Blddeford, ME.
that burns refuse-derived fuel and Is equipped with a
lime spray dryer fabric filter (SD/FF) emission control
system. Control efficiency of the SD/FF emission con-
trol system was measured for polychlorinated dibenzo-
dioxins (PCDD), polychlorinated dibenzofurans
(PCDF), particulate matter (PM), cadmium (Cd), chro-
mium (Crj, arsenic (As), lead (Pb), mercury (Hgj, sulfur
dioxide (S02), and hydrogen chloride (HCI). Additional
continuous monitoring was conducted for oxygen (02),
carbon dioxide (C02), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen
oxides (NOx), and total hydrocarbons (THC).
Keywords: 'Electric power plants, 'Air pollution con-
trol equipment, Organic compounds,
Concentration(Composition), Design criteria, Perform-
ance evaluation, Scrubbers, Process charting, Calcium
oxides, Spray diylng, Site surveys, Chemical analysis,
Particles, Quality control, Quality assurance, 'Refuse
derived fuels, "Air pollution sampling, 'Emission inven-
tories, Air pollution detection, Municiple wastes, Waste
utilization, Wood wastes, Marine Energy Recovery
Company, Furans, Dioxins, Biddeford(Maine), Fabric
filters, Dry methods.
PB90-228842/H8U	PC A26/MF A04
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Municipal Waste Combustion Multlpollutant
Study, Emission Test Report Maine Energy Re-
covery Company, Refuse Derived Fuel Facility,
Blddeford, Maine. Volume 2. Appendices A-F. Final
rept. Dec 87-May 88.
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
G. Scheil, S. Klamm, M. Whitacre, J. Surman, and W.
Kelly. Jul 89,577p EPA/600/8-89/064B
Contracts EPA-68-02-4463, EPA-68-02-4395
See also Volume 1, PB90-228834 and Volume 3,
PB90-228859. Prepared in cooperation with Radian
Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC. Sponsored by En-
vironmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-228826.
Volume two contains the data collected by methods
described in volume one (PB90-228834). volume two
contains numerical analyses, tables, graphs, and re-
sults.
Keywords: 'Electric power plants, 'Air pollution con-
trol equipment, Forms(Paper), Tables(Data),
Graphs(Charts),	Site	surveys,
Concentration(Composition), Particles, Organic com-
pounds, Scrubbers, Performance evaluation, Quality
control, Quality assurance, Spray drying, Calcium
oxides, Numerical analysis, 'Refuse derived fuels, 'Air
pollution sampling, 'Emission inventories, Municiple
wastes, Waste utilization, Wood wastes, Marine
Energy Recovery Company, Furans, Dioxins,
Biddeford(Maine), Fabric filters, Dry methods.
PB90-228859/HSU	PC A99/MF A04
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Municipal Waste Combustion Multlpollutant
Study, Emission Test Report. Maine Energy Re-
covery Company, Refuse Derived Fuel Facility,
Blddeford, Maine. Volume 3: Appendices G-N.
Final rept. Dec 87-May 88.
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
G. Scheil, S. Klamm, M. Whitacre, J. Surman, and W.
Kelly. Jul 89,620p EPA/600/8-89/064C
Contracts EPA-68-02-4463, EPA-68-02-4395
See also Volume 2, PB90-228842. Prepared in coop-
eration with Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park,
NC. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineer-
ing Research Lab.
Also available in set of 3 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-228826.
Volume three is a continuation of volume two (PB90-
228842). Volume three contains results, numerical
analysis, tables, and graphs.
Keywords: 'Electric power plants, 'Air pollution con-
trol equipment, Forms(Paper), Tables(Data),
Graphs(Charts),	Site	surveys,
Concentratlon(Composition), Particles, Organic com-
pounds, Scrubbers, Performance evaluation, Quality
control, Quality assurance, Spray drying, Calcium
oxides, Numerical analysis, 'Refuse derived fuels, 'Air
pollution sampling, "Emission inventories, Municiple
wastes, Waste utilization, Wood wastes, Marine
Energy Recovery Company, Furans, Dioxins,
Biddeford(Maine), Fabric filters, Dry methods.
PB80-229253/HSU	PC A99/MF A04
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Pulverized Coal Combustion: Pollutant Formation
and Control, 1970-1980. Final rept.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. M. Beer, C. T. Bowman, S. L. Chen, T. L. Corley, and
G. G. De Soete. May 90,658p EPA/600/8-90/049
Contract EPA-68-02-4286
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report documents the support role of EPA's Air
and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory in the
major research effort directed by EPA in the 1970s to
understand pollutant formation during pulverized coal
combustion (PCC). Understanding tne conversion of
fuel nitrogen to nitrogen oxides (NOx) is important,
since changes in the combustion process designed to
control NOx emission may also influence the formation
of soot, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), un-
burned carbon, and the vaporization of Inorganic con-
stituents. In addition, reduction of sulfur oxides (SOx)
while maintaining low NOx levels is also important. The
document is a detailed monograph, written by 19
coauthors, covering such topics as: the high tempera-
ture decomposition and combustion of pulverized coal,
characterization of coal and coal thermal decomposi-
tion, the fate of fuel nitrogen and ash during combus-
tion of pulverized coal particles, kinetic modeling of
gas-phase chemistry in coal volatiles combustion, soot
and PAH formation in PCC, the combustion rates of
pulverized coal char particles, reduction of nitric oxide
by solid particles, bench-scale experiments on the for-
mation and control of NOx emissions from PCC, and
the optimization of burner/combustion-chamber
design to minimize NOx formation during PCC.
Keywords: 'Coal, 'Air pollution control, 'Combustion
chamber gases, 'Air pollution abatement, Burners,
Design criteria, Pulverized fuels, Soot, Aromatic poly-
cyclic hydrocarbons, Carbon, Sulfur oxides, Perform-
ance evaluation, Particles, Combustion products, Py-
rolysis, 'Thermochemical processes, 'Chemical reac-
tion mechanisms, Combustion kinetics, Heterogene-
ous reactions.
PB90-229832/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Achieving Greater Consistency between Subjec-
tive and Objective Risks. Final rept.
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Environ-
mental Resources Research Inst.
R. J. Bord, D. J. Epp, and R. E. O'Connor. Nov 89,
128p ER-8902, EPA/230/11-89/071
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Policy, Planning and Eval-
uation.
In the context of a hypothetical Superfund site (or
abandoned hazardous waste facility), the research ex-
amines strategies for achieving a closer match be-
tween risk estimates by citizens and those by scien-
tists. A stratefied sample was interviewed to represent
environmental groups, business, civic activists, elect-
ed officials, and general population. Respondents
were given a scenario about contamination of drinking
water from the Superfund site. The scenarios varied in
that some included an uncertainty disclaimer. The
other variation was in terms of how much citizen par-
ticipation would be involved in decisions about remedi-
al action, or whether the state would purchase homes
that could not be sold at a price representing market
value before discovery of the site. Respondents were
asked about their level of concern, their perceived risk,
and any actions they would take if they lived near the
hypothetical site.
Keywords: 'Risk, 'Water pollution, 'Hazardous mate-
rials, Behavior, Site surveys, Perception, Tables(Data),
Regression analysis, Multivariate analysis, Question-
naires, 'Superfund program.
PB90-230954/HSU	PC A23/MF A03
Water Resources Data for Georgia, Water Year
1989. Water-data rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 88-30 Sep 89.
Geological Survey, Doraville, GA. Water Resources
Div.
W. R. Stokes, R. D. McFarlane, and G. R. Buell. Apr
90.526p USGS/WRD/HD-90/265, USGS/WDR/GA-
89/1
See also report for 1988, PB89-224703.
Water resources data for the 1989 water year for
Georgia consists of records of stage, discharge, and
water quality of streams; stage and contents of lakes
and reservoirs; ground-water levels; and precipitation
quality. The report contains discharge records of 118
gaging stations; stage for 27 gaging stations; stage
and contents for 18 lakes and reservoirs; water quality
for 105 continuing-record stations; peak stage and dis-
charge only for 73 crest-stage partial-record stations
and 8 miscellaneous sites; water levels of 25 observa-
tion wells; and water quality for 1 precipitation-quality
site.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Surface waters, 'Georgia,
Water pollution, Stream flow, Flow rate, Lakes,
Streams, Reservoirs, Water table, Temperature,
Tables(Data), 'Water quality data, Hydrologic data,
Discharge(Water), Water levels.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-231200/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
ProceMlng Hazardous Materials Risk Information
at the Local Level. Final rept. on Phase 1.
Virginia Polytechnic Inst, and State Univ., Blacksburg.
Center for Environmental and Hazardous Material
Studies.
W. D. Conn, W. L. Owens, R. C. Rich, and J. B.
Manheim. Dec 88,61 p EPA/230/06-89/063
See also PB90-235938. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Policy,
Planning and Evaluation.
The pilot study examines the role of Local Emergency
Planning Committees (LEPCs, set up under Title III of
the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act)
in communicating about the risks from hazardous
wastes in Superfund or RCRA sites as well as the risks
from hazardous substances covered under the Com-
munity Right-to-know Law. This phase evaluated the
usefulness of certain hazard analysis materials to the
LEPCs. Eighty LEPCs in Virginia were surveyed about
their activities and their perceptions of their responsi-
bilities for communicating to their communities about
Title III risks. The major conclusion for Phase I is that
LEPCs were emphasizing the development of their
local emergency plans. Communicating with the local
citizenry was a secondary concern at that time. Phase
II is examining how things have changed across 10
states.
Keywords: 'Risk, "Hazardous materials, 'Local gov-
ernment, Communication, Perception, Questionnaires,
Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), "Superfund program,
"Disaster planning.
PB90-231234/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 4):
Stauffer Chemical/Cold Creek, AL (First Remedi-
al Action), September 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
27 Sep 89,74p EPA/ROD/R04-B9/057
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Lhl.?,iuf,er Chemical Cold Creek Site is in Bucks,
Mobile County, Alabama, approximately 20 miles north
of Mobile, Alabama. Until 1974, an unknown amount of
sludges and solid wastes containing a variety of herbi-
cides and pesticides were placed in two waste dispos-
al sites, referred to as the Cold Creek North and South
Landfills. Both were closed in 1974 with geomembrane
c?uSr?i!?(* s'c'e"wa" liners. Under a consent agreement
with EPA, Stauffer completed a remedial investigation
in May 1988, which identified contamination of the
soils, pond sludges, swamp sediments, and ground
water. This remedial action addresses the contaminat-
ed ground water, because ground water is the source
for drinking water for the area. The primary contami-
nants of concern affecting the ground water are VOCs
including carcinogenic compounds such as carbon tet-
rachloride, and other organic compounds including
pesticides. The selected remedial action for the
ground water operable unit at the site includes a modi-
fied ground water intercept and treatment system with
surface water discharge.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Hazardous materials, "Wasted
disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Ground water,
Industrial wastes, Pesticides, Organic compounds,
Carbon tetrachloride, Capping, Water treatment, Aer-
ation, Extraction, "Superfund, Record of Decision,
First Remedial Action, 'Bucks(Alabama), Mobile
County(Alabama), Volatile organic compounds.
PB90-231258/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Extent and Magnitude of Recent Changes In
Forest Condition and the Role of Air Pollution and
Non-Air Pollution Factors.
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.
G A. Reams, R. J. Vong, M. Bohm, K. G. Mattson, and
L. Y. Arnaut. May 90,156p EPA/600/3-90/042
Prepared in cooperation with NSI Technology Services
Corp., Corvallis, OR., and Idaho Univ., Moscow. Spon-
sored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
The Forest Response Program (FRP) is a research ini-
tiative under Task Group V of the National Acid Pre-
cipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP). In response
to reoorts of forest decline, the FRP was established to
estimate actual and potential effects of acid deposition
and its associated pollutants on trees, forests and
1602 Vol. 90, No. 24
forest ecosystems in the regions of the United States.
The purpose of the document is to synthesize re-
search on: Changes in forest condition greater than
can be attributed to natural variability; and Spatial pat-
terns existing in forest condition ions and their relation
to spatial patterns of exposure.
Keywords: "Acidification, "Forest trees, "Air pollution,
"United States, Growth, Losses, Exposure, Variability,
Soils, Insects, Weather, Estimates, Damage, Injuries,
Mortality, Spatial distribution, Graphs(Charts), Forest
Response Program, Ecosystems.
PB90-231267/HSU	PC A16/MF A02
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Intensive Studies of Stream Fish Populations in
Maine. Final rept.
Maine Univ. at Orono.
T. A. Haines, S. A. Norton, J. S. Kahl, C. W. Fay, and S.
J. Pauwels. May 90,354p EPA/600/3-90/043
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
The National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
(NAPAP) was established by the Acid Precipitation Act
of 1980 to develop and implement a program to in-
crease understanding of the causes and effects of
acidic deposition, and their history and prognosis. The
objectives of the project were to determine the influ-
ence of precipitation chemistry, precipitation amount
and character, and stream hydrologic components on
biologically important stream chemistry parameters;
and to determine the response of fish to episodic and
chronic changes in these parameters. The authors se-
lected six streams in eastern Maine for intensive moni-
toring of stream discharge, temperature, major chemi-
cal variables, and fish populations. The chronic effects
of acid and Al on two Atlantic salmon life history stages
were tested.
Keywords: "Acidification, "Streams, "Fishes, "Water
pollution, Deposition, Water chemistry, Monitoring,
Salmon, Precipitation(Chemistry), Responses, Expo-
sure, pH, Temperature, Animal behavior, Life cycles.
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program,
Water pollution effects(Animals).
PB90-231275/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Development of Infrared Methods for Character-
ization of Inorganic Sulfur Species Related to in-
jection Desulfurizatlon Processes. Final rept. Dec
85-Jun 88.
Duke Univ., Durham, NC. Dept. of Chemistry.
M. M. Thompson, and R. A. Palmer. May 90,141p
EPA/600/7-90/012
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
Current methods designed to control and reduce the
amount of sulfur dioxide emitted into the atmosphere
from coal-fired power plants and factories rely upon
the reaction between S02 and alkaline earth com-
pounds and are called flue gas desulfurization (FGD)
processes. Of these methods, dry desulfurization proc-
esses, using fine particulate limestone, have emerged
as the preferred technology for future S02 emission
control. The development of a reliable in situ spectros-
copic technique for studying heterogeneous reactions,
such as those occurring in FGD systems, is the key to
understanding the surface mechanisms which control
these reactions. The report covers the development
and application of Fourier transform infrared spectrom-
etry with photacoustic and diffuse reflectance detec-
tion for this purpose. The specific reactions chosen for
study are those of S02 with CaO, CaC03 and
Ca(OH)2. The project evaluates the feasibility of using
these infrared spectroscopic techniques to monitor re-
actions between limestone and related materials with
S02 at various temperatures so as to aid in obtaining a
clear understanding of the chemical mechanisms by
which S02 is captured.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Surface chemistry,
"Sulfur dioxide, Infrared spectroscopy, Performance
evaluation, Calcium oxides, Calcium carbonates, Calci-
um hydroxides, Diffuse reflection, "Fourier transform
spectrometers, "Flue gas desulfurization, "Heteroge-
neous reactions, "Limestone injection, Dry methods,
Chemical reaction mechanisms, Limestone scrubbing,
Photoacoustic spectroscopy.
PB90-231358/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
IMPROVE Progress Report.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
M. Pitchford, and D. Joseph. May 90,36p EPA/450/4-
90/008
See also PB90-231374. Prepared in cooperation with
National Park Service, Denver, CO. Air Quality Div.
In consideration of the requirements of the Section
169A of the Clean Air Act of 1977, the objectives of the
IMPROVE program are-to establish the background
visibility levels necessary to assess impacts of poten-
tial new sources, to determine the sources and levels
of reasonably attributable visibility impairment, to col-
lect data useful for assessing progress toward the na-
tional visibility goal, and to promote the development
of improved visibility monitoring technology and the
collection of comparable visibility data. In order to
meet these objectives two distinct monitoring activities
were developed and initiated. The report summarizes
the progress made to date in developing and imple-
menting the IMPROVE monitoring network. Section II
addresses the background monitoring network and
Section III reviews the impairment attribution monitor-
ing efforts.
Keywords: "Visibility, "Air pollution control, Parks, Site
surveys, Quality assurance, Performance evaluation,
Data processing, "Air pollution sampling, "State Imple-
mentation Plans, "Interagency Monitoring of Protected
Visual Environments, Clean Air Act of 1977, Long term
effects, Remedial action, State programs, Air quality,
Interagency cooperation, Environmental monitoring,
Standards compliance.
PB90-231374/HSU	PC A14/MF A02
National Park Service, Denver, CO. Air Quality Div.
IMPROVE Progress Report, Appendices B-H.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
M. Pitchford, and D. Joseph. May 90,302p EPA/450/
4-90/008B
Contract NPS-CX-0001 -7-0010
See also PB90-231358. Sponsored by National Park
Service, Denver, CO. Air Quality Div.
In Section 169A of the Clean Air Act as amended
August 1977, Congress declared as a national goal
'the prevention of any future, and the remedying of any
existing, impairment of visibility in mandatory class I
Federal areas which impairment results from man-
made air pollution. Mandatory class I Federal areas
are national parks greater in size than 6000 acres, wil-
derness areas greater in size than 5000 acres and
international parks that were in existence on August 7,
1977. This section required the Environmental Protec-
tion Agency (EPA) to promulgate regulations requiring
States to develop programs in their State Implementa-
tion Plans (SIPs) providing for visibility protection in
these areas. EPA promulgated these regulations on
December 2, 1980. The report summarizes the
progress made to date in developing and implement-
ing the interagency monitoring network which supports
the effort, Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual
Environments (IMPROVE).
Keywords: "Visibility, "Air pollution control, Manuals,
Measuring instruments, Parks, Site surveys, Quality
assurance, Performance evaluation, Data processing,
Design criteria, Calibrating, Operating, Transmisso-
meters, Cameras, Nepheiometers, "Air pollution moni-
tors, "State Implementation Plans, "Interagency Moni-
toring of Protected Visual Environments, "Air pollution
sampling, Clean Air Act of 1977, Remedial action,
State programs, Air quality, Environmental monitoring,
Standards compliance.
PB90-232117/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Analysis of Contaminated Well Water and Health
Effects In Woburn, Massachusetts. Journal article.
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
S. W. Lagakos, B. J. Wesson, and M. Zelen. C1986,
34p EPA/600/ J-86/529
Grant EPA-R-813495
Pub. In Jnl. of the American Statistical Association, v81
n395 p583-614 Sep 86. Sponsored by Health Effects
Research Lab., Research triangle Park, NC.
In 1979, two of the eight municipal wells servicing
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
taminated with several chlorinated organics. Shortly
afterwards, the town was found to have an elevated
rate of childhood leukemia. Using recent information
about the space-time distribution of water from the two
contaminated wells, the authors find positive statistical
associations between access to this water and the in-
cidence rates of childhood leukemia, perinatal deaths
(1970-1982), two of five categories of congenital
anomalies, and two of nine categories of childhood
disorders. The authors find no associations with spon-
taneous abortions, low birth weight, or the other cate-
gories of congenital anomalies and childhood disor-
ders. The article discussed these results and other
features of the data relevant to their interpretation.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, "Chlorine organic compounds,
'Water wells, 'Water pollution. Public health, Leuke-
mias, Children, Statistical analysis, Mortality, Congeni-
tal abnormalities, Surveys, Risk, Exposure, Respiratory
diseases, Reprints, 'Woburn(Massachusetts), Case
studies.
PB90-23212S/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Survival Estimation Using Splines. Journal article.
Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Family, Community and
Preventive Medicine.
A. S. Whittemore, and J. B. Keller. cSep 86,14p EPA/
600/J-86/525
Grant EPA-R-813495
Pub. in Biometrics, v42 p495-506 Sep 86. Sponsored
by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
A nonparametric maximum likelihood procedure is
given for estimating the survivor function from right-
censored data. It approximates the hazard rate by a
simple function such as a spline, with different approxi-
mations yielding different estimators. A special case is
that proposed by Nelson (1969, Journal of Quality
Technology 1,27-52) and Altshuler (1970, Mathemati-
cal Biosciences 6,1-11). The estimators are uniformly
consistent and have the same asymptotic weak con-
vergence properties as the Kaplan-Meier (1958, Jour-
nal of the American Statistical Association 53, 457-
481) estimator. However, in small and in heavily cen-
sored samples, the simplest spline estimators have
uniformly smaller mean squared error than do the
Kaplan-Meier and Nelson-Altshuler estimators. The
procedure is extended to estimate the baseline hazard
rate and regression of coefficients In the Cox (1972,
Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 34,
187-220) proportional hazards model and is illustrated
using experimental carcinogenesis data.
Keywords: 'Carcinogens, 'Survival, 'Biostatistics, Es-
timating, Approximation, Convergence, Mathematical
models, Reprints, Spline functions, Maximum likeli-
hood estimates, Mean square values.
PB90-232133/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Rational* for AaMMment of Risk from Exposure
to 2,3,7,6-TCDD. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
0. Mukerjee, J. F. Stara, and J. L. Schaum. C1986,10p
EPA/600/J-86/524
Pub. in Chemospherev15 n9-12p1805-18131986.
The human health risk assessment is supported by
methodology for utilizing toxic effects in animals con-
sisting of carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic re-
sponses as a result of chronic, subchronic and acute
exposures. One of the initial steps in a risk assessment
activity involves the estimation of exposure levels.
These estimates are typically based on either direct
environmental measurements or predictions obtained
from fate and transport models. The decision to devel-
op assessment of risk from chronic exposure based on
a nonthreshold model is made if a chemical demon-
strates carcinogenic activity in animal bioassays and/
or in human epidemiological studies. In the absence of
any positive human epidemiologic data, it is assumed
that a substance which induces a statistically signifi-
cant carcinogenic response In animals has the proba-
bility to cause cancer in humans. The carcinogenic po-
tential of 2,3,7,8-TCDD has been established based on
chronic exposure In rodents. In addition, 2,3,7,8-TCDD
has also been shown to be a liver cancer promoter in
rodents. In the risk assessment on dioxins based on
chronic exposure in experimental animals, 2,3,7,8-
TCDD Is regarded as a carcinogenic substance.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, Epidemiology, Public health,
Bioassay, Reproduction(Biology), Carcinogens, Liver
neoplasms, Reprints, 'Risk assessment, 'Tetrachlor-
odibenzodioxin, 'Carcinogenicity tests, 'Occupational
safety and health, Health hazards, Environmental ex-
posure pathways.
PB90-232141/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Miscellanea: A Teat to Detect Clusters of Disease.
Journal article.
Stanford Univ., CA. School of Medicine.
A. S. Whittemore, N. Friend, B. W. Brown, and E. A.
Holly. C1987,7p EPA/600/J-87/518
Grant EPA-R-813495
Pub. in Biometrika, v74 n3 p631-635 Sep 87. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
A test is given to detect clustering in disease incidence
or mortality data. The test statistic is the mean dis-
tance between all pairs of disease cases. Its null mean
and variance and its asymptotic normality are derived
under assumptions that accommodate differences in
population distribution among demographic subgroups
at different disease risk. The test is illustrated on 63
cases of anal and rectal squamous cell carcinoma in
San Francisco during 1973-1981.
Keywords: Mortality, Statistical tests, Statistical distri-
butions, Multivariate analysis, Reprints, 'Disease out-
breaks, 'Space-time clustering.
PB90-232158/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Regression Methods for Data with Incomplete Co-
variates. Journal article.
Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Family, Community and
Preventive Medicine.
A. S. Whittemore, and S. Grosser. c1986,18p EPA/
600/J-86/530
Grant EPA-R-813495-01, NIH-CA-23214
Pub. in Modem Statistical Methods in Chronic Disease
Epedemiology, p19-34 Oct 86. Sponsored in part by
grant NIH-CA-34617. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC., National In-
stitutes of Health, Bethesda, MD„ National Science
Foundation, Washington, DC., and Alfred P. Sloan
Foundation, New Yorx.
Modern statistical methods in chronic disease epide-
miology allow simultaneous regression of disease
status on several covariates. These methods permit
examination of the effects of one covariate while con-
trolling for those of others that may be causally related
to the disease. However, they do not accommodate
data In which one or more covariates are incomplete,
e.g. missing or measured with error. The paper uses
assumptions about the probability laws governing co-
variate incompleteness to obtain estimates of regres-
sion coefficients relating disease to the unobserved
complete covariates. The estimates are obtained by
maximizing the likelihood of the observed incomplete
data via the EM algorithm.
Keywords: 'Epidemiology, 'Regression analysis, Sta-
tistical analysis, Covariance, Algorithms, Reprints,
'Chronic disease, Maximum likelihood estimates.
PB90-232166/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Regression Models for Cohort Mortality Studies.
Journal article.
Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Family, Community and
Preventive Medicine.
A.S. Whittemore. C1986,19p EPA/600/ J-86/526
Grant EPA/R-813495
Pub. in Mathematics Model, v7 p1365-1373 Oct 86.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC., National Institutes of
Health, Bethesda, MD., SIAM Inst, for Mathematics
and Society, Philadelphia, PA., and National Science
Foundation, Washington, DC.
Cohort studies evaluate suspect health hazards from
occupational or environmental exposures by recording
the facts and causes of deaths in the exposed group
as they occur over an extended time period. The arti-
cle reviews several methods for analyzing cohort mor-
tality data and shows them to be special cases of a
single procedure. The procedure represents death
rates as the product of an age-specific baseline rate
that applies in the absence of exposure, times a func-
tion of exposures. Maximum likelihood methods are
used to estimate unknown regression parameters in
the function of exposures. The Tog-likelihood kernel for
the data is shown to be that of N independent Poisson
variates, where N is the total number of person-units of
mortality observation time in the study. The expected
values of these variates depend on the exposures and
regression parameters. The latter can be estimated
using packaged software programs for Poisson regres-
sion on any microcomputer that supports ANSI Stand-
ard FORTRAN.
Keywords: 'Mortality, 'Regression analysis, Mathe-
matical models, Formulas(Mathematics), Reprints,
'Cohort studies, 'Occupational safety and health,
Health hazards, Environmental exposure, Survival
analysis, Proportional hazards models, Cause of
death.
PB90-232174/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effect of Cigarette Smoking in Epidemiological
Studies of Lung Cancer. Journal article.
Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Family, Community and
Preventive Medicine.
A. S. Whittemore. C1988,18p EPA/600/J-88/519
Grant EPA-R-813495
Pub. in Statistics in Medicine, v7 p223-238 Feb 88.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The paper describes a method for adjusting the analy-
sis of occupational/environmental lung cancer risks
for the effects of cigarette smoking in conort and case-
control studies. The method uses a function that re-
lates an individual's death rate to his age and cigarette
smoking history. Two such functions are examined.
The first depends on total packs of cigarettes smoked
and age. The second, based on the multistage theory
of carcinogenesis, depends on age, age at start of
smoking, and subsequent smoking rates. The lung
cancer rates predicted by these two functions are
compared to those observed in cohort studies of male
British physicians and U.S. veterans, and in a case-
control study of non-Hispanic white men in New
Mexico. Neither of the cohort data sets distinguished
the fit of the two functions. The New Mexico data were
fit better by the second function, though both functions
overpredlcted death rates among ex-smokers. Each
function explained substantially more variation in the
New Mexico data than did any of several logistic re-
gression models involving categorical variables for age
and smoking. (Copyright (c) 1988 by John Wiley &
Sons, Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Smoking, 'Epidemiology, 'Statistical anal-
ysis, Regression analysis, Reprints, 'Lung neoplasms,
Goodness of fit.
PB90-232182/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Beta Adrenergic Control of Macromolecule Syn-
thesis In Neonatal Rat Heart, Kidney and Lung:
Relationship to Sympathetic Neuronal Develop-
ment Journal article.
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC. Dept. of
Pharmacology.
T. A. Slotkin, W. L. Whitmore, L. Orband-Miller, K. L.
Queen, and K. Haim. C1987,11p EPA/600/J-87/517
Grant EPA-R-813769
Pub. in the Jnl. of Pharmacology and Experimental
Therapeutics, v243 n1 p101-109 Oct 87. Sponsored
by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
The sympathetic nervous system has been hypoth-
esized to coordinate the timing of cellular development
in peripheral tissues. In the study, the relationships
among the ontogeny of sympathetic projections to pe-
ripheral organs, the patterns of macromolecule syn-
thesis in those organs and the reactivity of synthetic
processes to beta adrenergic stimulation by isoproter-
enol were evaluated. The major developmental rise in
norepinephrine concentration and turnover, as well as
in numbers of beta receptors, occurred during the
second to fourth postnatal weeks in renal and lung
sympathetic pathways and slightly earlier in the cardi-
ac-sympathetic axis. The developmental decline in
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
DNA synthesis in heart, kidney and lung coincided with
the maturation of sympathetic projections. Direct stim-
ulation of beta receptors by the in vivo administration
of isoproterenol caused acute reductions in DNA syn-
thesis in an age-dependent manner. In the heart, ispro-
terenol was first able to suppress DNA synthesis at 5
days of age and a maximal effect was seen at 9 days;
this early phase was characterized by a rapid time con-
stant of coupling of beta receptors to the DNA effect
(maximal effect at 6 h after isoproterenol). Reactivity
was lessened by 12 days of age and thereafter dis-
played a longer time constant (maximal effect at 12-24
h). (Copyright (c) 1987 The American Society for Phar-
macology and Experimental Therapeutics.)
Keywords: 'Nucleic acids, 'Heart, 'Kidney, *Lung,
'Nerve cells, 'Sympathetic nervous system, 'Bio-
chemistry, In vivo analysis, Graphs(Charts), Norepin-
ephrine, Proteins, Deoxyribonucleic acids. Ribonucleic
acids, Reprints, "Beta adrenergic receptors, Newborn
animals, Isoproterenol.
PB90-232180/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Biological Monitoring and Environmental Assess-
ment: A Conceptual Framework. Journal article.
Smithsonian Tropical Research Inst., Balboa
(Panama).
J. R. Karr. C1987,10p EPA/600/J-87/523
Grant EPA-R-810745
Pub. in Environmental Management, v11 n2 p249-256
1987. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Re-
search Lab., OR.
Direct biological monitoring is essential for effective
assessment efforts. Past approaches to biomonitoring
are too simplistic (for example, toxicity testing, indica-
tor species) or conceptually invalid (diversity indexes).
Assessments that use ecological guilds use ecological
principles in a more integrative fashion. The best long-
term approach is development of suites of metrics, like
those used in the index of biotic integrity (IBI), to reflect
individual, population, community, ana ecosystem at-
tributes in an integrative framework. Efforts to use the
conceptual content of IBI in a wider diversity of habi-
tats should be encouraged and followed up with effec-
tive control actions. (Copyright (c) 1987 Springer
Verlag New York, Inc.)
Keywords: "Ecology, 'Toxicity, Wild birds, Fishes,
Water resources, Reprints, 'Environmental monitor-
ing, Indicator species, Species diversity.
PB90-232208/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Assigned Shares In Compensation tor Radiation-
Related Cancers. Journal article.
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Dept. of
Biostatistics.
S. W. Lagakos, and F. Mosteller. C1986,34p EPA/
600/J-86/527
Grants NSF-SES-8401422, CA-39640
Pub. in Risk Analysis, v6 n3 p345-357 Sep 86. Pre-
gared in cooperation with Dana-Farber Cancer Inst.,
oston, MA. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC., and National Sci-
ence Foundation, Washington, DC.
The preparation of radioepidemiologic tables requires
extensive mathematical modeling because matters
such as sex, size of dose, age at exposure, type of
cancer, and age at diagnosis must be taken into ac-
count. The limited data require many assumptions
about the quantitative relationship between radiation
dose and the age-specific incidence rate of cancer.
After partitioning a population into reference sets
based on age at exposure, size of dose, type of
cancer, etc., an assigned share is computed for each
reference set and then assigned to all of its members.
The assigned share represents the fraction of the
cancer cases in the reference set that are attributed to
the radiation dose. Because the population can be par-
titioned in many ways, each individual's assigned
share depends on the partition used and will change
with different partitions. Options for modeling and limi-
tations in epidemiologic data lead to considerable un-
certainties In estimates of assigned charges that have
been scientifically evaluated. In contrast, the uncer-
tainties associated with the current approach for deter-
mining the likelihood a cancer was caused by radiation
have not been appraised but are likely to be even
greater than those associated with the tables. (Copy-
nght (c) 1986 Society for Risk Analysis.)
1604 Vol. 90, No. 24
Keywords: 'Epidemiology, Aging(Biology),
Graphs(Charts), Legislation, Mathematical models,
Exposure, Torts, Liabilities, Reprints, 'Radiation-in-
duced neoplasms, Risk assessment, Dose-response
relationships, Sex factors.
PB90-232216/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Asbestos Exposure and Gastrointestinal Malig-
nancy Review and Meta-Analysls. Journal article.
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
H. Frumkin, and J. Berlin. c1988,19p EPA/600/J-88/
520
Grant EPA-R-813495
Pub. in American Jnl. of Industrial Medicine, v14 p79-
95 Jun 88. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The epidemiologic literature linking asbestos exposure
with gastrointestinal malignancy is reviewed. Problems
in comparing studies are discussed, appropriate strat-
egies for comparison are developed, and study results
are pooled using a model which accounts for both in-
trastudy and interstudy variability. Stratification of co-
horts by dose reveals that significant asbestos expo-
sure, as indicated by a lung cancer standardized mor-
tality ratio (SMR) of at least 200, is associated with an
elevated gastrointestinal cancer SMR for five or six
end points examined. (Copyright (c) 1988 Alan R. Liss,
Inc.)
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Epidemiology, Public health,
Tables(Data), Mortality, Reprints, 'Meta-analysis,
"Gastrointestinal neoplasms, "Occupational expo-
sure, Health hazards, Cohort studies.
PB90-232224/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Acute Exposure of the Neonatal Rat to Trlbutyltin
Results in Decreases In Biochemical Indicators of
Synaptogenesls and Myelinogenesis. Journal arti-
cle.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Neurotoxicology Div.
J. P. O'Callaghan, and D. B. Miller. c1988,11 p EPA/
600/J-88/524
Pub. in Jnl. of Pharmacology and Experimental Thera-
peutics, v246 n1 p394-402 Jul 88.
Assays of neuron-localized (neurotypic) and glia-local-
ized (gliotypic) proteins were used to detect and char-
acterize the toxic effects of tributyltin (TBT) on the de-
veloping CNS. Four proteins associated with specific
aspects of neuronal and glial development were evalu-
ated: (1) p38, a synaptic vesicle-associated protein: (2)
neurofilament 200, an intermediate filament protein of
the neuronal cytoskeleton; (3) myelin basic protein, an
oligodendroglia and myelin-sheath associated protein:
and (4) glial fibrillary acidic protein, an intermediate
filament protein of astrocytes. The amount of each
protein in homogenates of cerebellum, forebrain and
hippocampus was determined by radioimmunoassay.
A single administration of TBT (2, 3, or 4 mg/kg, i.p.)
on postnatal day 5 caused dose- and region-depend-
ent decreases in brain weight with the cerebellum
being most affected. These decrements were not as-
sociated with light microscopic evidence of altered
brain development but were accompanied by large
dose- and region-dependent decreases in p38 and
myelin basic protein. Decrements in both the per tissue
(total) and per milligram of tissue protein (concentra-
tion) values for these proteins were observed in cere-
bellum and forebrain; hippocampus was largely unaf-
fected. (Copyright (c) 1988 The Journal of Pharmacol-
ogy and Experimental Therapeutics.)
Keywords: 'Toxicity, "Biochemistry, "Synapses, Expo-
sure, Body weight, Brain, Proteins, Graphs(Charts),
Central nervous system. Reprints, 'Tributyltin, 'Myelin
sheath, Dose-response relationships, Newborn ani-
mals, Organ weight, Radioimmunoassay, Neuroglia.
PB0O-232232/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Thyroid Cancer Risk from Exposure to Ionizing
Radiation: A Case Study In the Comparative Po-
tency Model. Journal article.
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
N M. Laird. C1987,13p EPA/600/J-87/519
Contract DE-AC04-76DP00789
Pub. in Risk Analysis, v7 n3 Sep 87. Sponsored by
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC., and Department of Energy, Washington
DC.
Considerable controversy exists about the relative risk
of thyroid cancer following exposure to external radi-
ation compared to the risk after exposure to internally
deposited 1311. The human epidemiological data are
equivocal, and studies are not directly comparable
owing to differing ages at exposure, dose ranges, and
periods of follow-up. Limited experimental data at low
dose ranges support the hypothesis of equal potency
in animals. The report utilizes a relative potency model
to reconcile data from different sources, and to provide
an estimate of thyroid cancer risk following human ex-
posure to 1311. Data from epidemiological studies of
external radiation and 1311 exposure in humans and
data from an experimental animal study is utilized. The
analysis shows that the data provide no compelling
evidence to suggest that the risks accompanying ex-
ternal radiation or 1311 exposure are different. (Copy-
right (c) 1987 Society for Risk Analysis.)
Keywords: 'Thyroid neoplasms, 'Iodine 131, "Epide-
miology, Exposure, Ionizing radiation, Aging(Biology),
Reprints, 'Risk assessment, 'Radiation-induced neo-
plasms, Radiation dose-response relationships.
PB90-232240/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
Pharmacokinetics In Low Dose Extrapolation
Using Animal Cancer Data. Journal article.
Stanford Univ., CA.
A. S. Whittemore, S. Crosser, and A. Silvers. c1986,
10p EPA/600/J-86/528
Grant EPA-R-813495
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, v7 p183-
190 Aug 86. Prepared in cooperation with Electric
Power Research Inst., Palo Alto, CA. Sponsored by
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
Data on rodents exposed to carcinogens indicate that
their tumor probabilities are proportional to effective
concentrations of parent compound or metabolites at
the target tissues. This proportionality suggests that
observed nonlinear dose-response curves reflect
dose-dependent kinetics between applied dose rate
and effective concentrations. Therefore, low dose ex-
trapolation procedures that include pharmacokinetic
data could improve extrapolation accuracy. To test
such procedures, bioassay and pharmacokinetic 'data'
were simulated. Then, ignoring the mechanisms gen-
erating the data, four extrapolation procedures were
used to estimate tumor probability at a low applied
dose rate. Two of the procedures use a pharmacokine-
tic model and simulated pharmacokinetic data, and
two do not. The pharmacokinetic model used for ex-
trapolation was only an approximation to the one used
to generate the pharmacokinetic data. (Copyright (c)
1986 by the Society of Toxicology.)
Keywords: 'Neoplasms, 'Carcinogens, 'Toxicology
Laboratory	animals,	Bioassay!
Formulas(Mathematics), Computerized simulation'
Tables(Data), Reprints, 'Pharmacokinetics, Dose-re-
sponse relationships.
PB90-232257/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Bronchial Deposition of Inhaled Particles: Dosim-
etry Implications for Radon Progeny. Journal arti-
cle.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Toxicology Branch.
W. Hofmann, and T. B. Marlonen. C1988,8p EPA/
600/J-BB/521
Pub. in Radiation Protection Dosimetry, v16 P261-266
Dec 88. Prepared in cooperation with Duke Univ. Medi-
cal Center, Durham, NC. Center for Extrapolation Mod-
elling.
Radon progeny attached to environmental aerosols
have charactenstic activity median diameters between
0.1 and 0.3 micrometer. A comparison of experimental
and theoretical particle deposition patterns in human
lungs has revealed certain systematic inconsistencies
among measured and predicted distributions within
this range of particle sizes. It is the objective of the fo-
cused note to address the potential significance of the
apparent discrepancies and comment how current
lung dosimetry and risk estimates for inhaled radon
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Aerosols, 'Radon, 'Dosimetry, Deposi-
tion, Particle size, Radioactive materials, Experimental
design, Mathematical models, Bronchi, Lung, Respira-
tory system, Reprints, 'Air pollution effects(Humans),
'Risk assessment.
PB90-232265/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Biochemical Effect! of Three Chlorinated Phenols
in Rat Liver. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
K. T. Kitchin, and J. L. Brown. c1988,10p EPA/600/J-
88/522
Pub. in Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry,
v16p165-172 Feb 88.
The hepatic biochemical effects of four chlorinated
oxygen containing environmental contaminants were
determined. Two oral doses of 1/5 the LD50 of 2,4-
dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol,
2,4,6-trichlorophenol and 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol
were given 21 and 4 hours before sacrifice to adult
female rats. Although 2,4,6-trichlorophenol is a carcin-
ogen in lifetime rodent studies, no evidence was found
for DNA damage in rat liver or the white cells of rat
blood. Slmiliarly no compound related changes were
found in serum alanine aminotransferase, hepatic glu-
tathione or cytochrome P-450 content. A dose of 193
mg/kg/day (slightly over the published rat LD50) of
2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol increased 5-fold the activity
of hepatic ornithine decarboxylase. As 2,4,6-trichloro-
phenol did not damage DNA or induce hepatic orni-
thine decarboxylase (a marker of carcinogenic promo-
tion) in the study, no explanation is apparent why this
molecule is a carcinogen in rodent lifetime exposures
and structurally related congeners are not. (Copyright
(c) 1988 Gordon and Breach, Science Publishers, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Biochemistry, "Toxicology, 'Liver, 'Phen-
ols, 'Chlorinated hydrocarbons, Leukocytes, Rats,
Carcinogens, Lethal dosage, Tables(Data), Reprints,
Dose-response relationships, DNA damage, Cytoch-
rome P-450, Ornithine decarboxylase, Glutathione, Al-
anine aminotransferase, Enzyme induction.
PB90-232273/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Inter-Laboratory Variability In Ames Assay Re-
sults. Journal article.
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Dept. of
Biostatlstics.
M. W. Knulman, N. M. Laird, andT. A. Louis. C1987,
14p EPA/600/J-87/520
Grant EPA-R-813495
Pub. in Mutation Research, v180 p171-182 Oct 87.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.. Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The Ames test is widely used in the screening of
chemicals and compounds for potential carcinogenic
effect. There is, however, considerable inter-laborato-
ry variability in results from the assay. Using data from
the RTI Collaborative Study of the EPA Ames Test Pro-
tocol, it is shown that their reported standard errors of
estimates of mutagenicity fall far short of capturing
day-to-day or laboratory-to-laboratory variation. The
authors estimate the factors by which the standard
errors must be inflated to account for these sources of
variation. The laboratory protocol and previous studies
suggest that much of this variation may be caused by
factors that are relatively constant within days (e.g.
technician, incubation temperature, S9 liver homog-
enate preparation) but vary over days and across lab-
oratories. Therefore, such variation might be reduced
through use of a reference compound tested on the
same day and under the same conditions as the test
chemical. This conjecture was, however, not support-
ed by analyses that considered the positive control
compound and a pure chemical as possible reference
assay. (Copyright (c) Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.
(Biomedical Division)).
Keywords: 'Salmonella typhimurium, Variability,
Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), Errors, Research lab-
oratories, Reprints, 'Mutagenicity tests, 'Carcinogen-
icity tests, 'Toxic substances, Biotransformation.
PBSO-232281/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallls Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Implications of Global Climate Change for West-
ern Agriculture. Journal article.
Oregon State Univ.. Corvallis.
R. M. Adams, B. A. McCarl, D. J. Dudek, and J. D.
Glyer. C1988,11p EPA/600/J-88/515
Pub. in Western Jnl. of Agricultural Economic v13 n2
P348-356 1988. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., OR., and Colorado Univ. at Denver.
Global climate change from increases in atmospheric
carbon dioxide and other trace pases is an issue of
international concern. Adverse climatic conditions are
expected to reduce crop yields and alter the demand
for and supply of water. These potential adjustments
imply economic costs to agriculture and its constitu-
ents. The paper explores possible economic implica-
tions for U.S. agriculture, with particular reference to
the West. Results from a series of spatial equilibrium
model analyses suggest that climate change Is not a
food security issue Tor the United States. However, re-
gional adjustments in agricultural production and asso-
ciated resource use are expected.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Climatic changes, 'Agricul-
tural economics, Carbon dioxide, Fluorohydrocarbons,
Farm crops, Yield, Water supply, Droughts, Economic
effect, Water, Reprints, Western Region(United
States), Global, Trace gases.
PB90-232299/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Analyzing Repeated Measurements with Possibly
Missing Observations by Modelling Marginal Dis-
tributions. Journal article.
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Dept. of Biostatistics.
L. J. Wei, and D. O. Stram. C1988,12p EPA/600/J-88/
523
Grant EPA-R-813495
Pub. in Statistics in Medicine, v7 p139-148 Feb 88.
Prepared in cooperation with Radiation Effects Re-
search Foundation, Hiroshima (Japan). Sponsored by
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Suppose that subjects are observed repeatedly over a
common set of time points with possibly time-depend-
ent covariates and possibly missing observations. At
each time point, the authors model the marginal distri-
bution of the response variable and the effect of the
covariates on that distribution using a class of quasi-
likelihood models. No parametric model of depend-
ence of the repeated observations of the subject is as-
sumed. For large samples, the quasi-likelihood esti-
mates of the time-specific regression coefficients over
the set of predetermined time points are shown to be
approximately jointly normal. This, coupled with vari-
ous inference procedures, provides a global picture
about the effects of the covariates on the response
variable over the entire study period. A lack-of-fit test
for testing the adequacy of the assumed quasi-likeli-
hood model is also provided. All the methods consid-
ered are illustrated with real-life examples. (Copyright
(c) 1988 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Biostatlstics, 'Mathematical models, Bio-
mathematics, Statistical analysis, Statistical distribu-
tions, Reprints, Health statistics.
PB90-232307/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Effects of Prenatal Dexamethasone on Develop-
ment of Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity in Brain
and Peripheral Tissues of Rats. Journal article.
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC. Dept. of
Pharmacology.
H. A. Navarro, J. Lachowicz, J. Bartolome, W. L.
Whitmore, and T. A. Slotkin. C1988,8p EPA/600/ J-
88/518
Grants EPA-R-813769, HD-09713
Pub. in Pedrlatric Research, v24 n4 p465-469 Oct 88.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC., and Public Health Service,
Rockville, MD.
The use of glucocorticoids in the management of
neonatal respiratory distress syndrome may De associ-
ated with abnormalities of growth and neurologic de-
velopment. In the study, pregnant rats received either
2 of 0.2 mg/kg of dexamethasone on gestational days
17,18, and 19 and tissues of the offspring were exam-
ined for ornithine decarboxylase activity, a marker
enzyme for perturbations of cellular maturation. Acute-
ly, the higher dose of dexamethasone suppressed or-
nithine decarboxylase activity in all tissues except
lung, where a short-term stimulation was obtained. Re-
peated administration of 2 mg/kg resulted in an orni-
thine decarboxylase pattern consistent with delayed
cellular development in all tissues (suppressed activity
followed by prolonged postnatal elevations), accom-
panied by impaired viability and general growth. Lower-
ing the dose of dexamethasone to 0.2 mg/kg eliminat-
ed all the adverse effects on viability but still produced
perturbations of tissue ornithine decarboxylase, most
notably a prolonged suppression of activity across all
brain regions. (Copyright (c) 1988 International Pediat-
ric Research Foundation, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Brain chemistry. Rats, Graphs(Charts).
Body weight, Growth(Biology), Reprints, 'Prenatal ex-
posure delayed effects, Ornithine decarboxylase,
'Dexamethasone, 'Respiratory distress syndrome,
Glucocorticoids, Organ weight.
PB90-232315/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Methods Old and New for Analyzing Occupational
Cohort Data. Journal article.
Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Family, Community and
Preventive Medicine.
A. S. Whlttemore. C1987,18p EPA/600/J-87/521
Grant EPA-R-813495
Pub. in American Jnl. of Industrial Medicine, v12 p233-
248 Sep 87. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
The person-years approach to analyzing mortality data
from occupational cohorts was introduced in the
midtwentieth century. It cross-classifies all observed
deaths and observation times Into cells, computes the
number of expected deaths for each cell based on ref-
erenced mortality rates, and then examines the ratio of
total number of observed deaths to total number of ex-
pected deaths (the standardized mortality ratio). The
maximum likelihood method of statistical Inference
was developed in the early twentieth century. Howev-
er, only recently has it been applied to the analysis of
occupational cohort data. When so applied, it provides
estimates of measures of association between expo-
sures and disease by maximizing the probability of the
observed data. The paper shows how recent develop-
ments in the use of this tool justify and extend the
person-years approach. In particular, problems with
the standardized mortality ratio cited in the literature
are shown to result from reliance on assumptions that
are inappropriate for the data at hand. Methods for
testing these assumptions are described. The discus-
sion is illustrated with examples from occupational
cohort studies of lung cancer. (Copyright (c) 1987 Alan
R. Liss, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Occupational diseases, 'Mortality, 'Sta-
tistical analysis, Reprints, Maximum likelihood esti-
mates, Person-years, Lung neoplasms.
PB90-232323/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Canopy Reflectance of Soybean as Affected by
Chronic Doses of Ozone In Open-Top Field Cham-
bers. Journal article.
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
W. E. Cure, S. M. Nusser, and A. S. Heagle. c1988,8p
EPA/600/J-88/516
Pub. in Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote
Sensing v54 p499-504 1988. Prepared in cooperation
with Iowa State Univ., Ames. Dept. of Statistics. Spon-
sored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
The relationship between canopy reflectance and
ozone (03) treatment was investigated in a field exper-
iment with soybean growing in 3-m diameter, 2.4-m
high open-top exposure chambers. The objectives
were to develop an understanding of the pattern of re-
flectance changes induced by this air pollutant and to
investigate how the changes might ultimately be relat-
ed to yield. Correlations were obtained between the re-
flectance data and visual estimates of non-green leaf
area, a widely-used technique for rating pollutant
Injury. Analysis of reflectance spectra taken in early
September, early October, and mid-October showed
03 treatments to be highly correlated with reflec-
tances at visible wavelengths and at near-infrared
wavelengths up to about 720 nm. Earty leaf senes-
cence caused by 03 was easily measured by reflec-
tance changes. (Copyright (c) 1986 American Society
for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.)
Keywords: 'Reflectance, 'Soybeans, 'Ozone, 'Opti-
cal measurement, Yield, Plant growth, Estimates, Field
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tests, Reprints, 'Air pollution effects(Plants), Dose re-
sponse relationships.
PB90-232331/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Statistical Issues in Epidemiologic Studies of the
Health Effects of Ambient Acid Aerosols. Journal
article.
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
J. H. Ware, and D. O. Stram. C1988,11 p EPA/600/J-
86/525
Grant EPA-R-813495
Pub. in the Canadian Jnl. of Statistics, v16 n1 p5-13
Mar 88. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Although the ecologic effects of acid rain have been
widely reported, relatively little is known about the ef-
fects of acidic air pollution on human health. Some epi-
demiologic and animal studies suggest, however, that
acidity is an important determinant of the respiratory
health effects of aerosols. The paper reviews some of
that evidence and discusses its implications for the
design and analysis of epidemiologic studies. Two
types of exposure patterns are contrasted: peak expo-
sures associated with air pollution episodes, and
chronic exposures resulting from persistently high
levels of air pollutants. Recent work on the analysis of
repeated categorical outcome variables provides new
methods for the analysis of episode studies. Studies of
long-term exposure require comparisons among popu-
lation groups, and these comparisons can be subject
to the design effects characteristic of multistage
sarnple surveys. The paper examines the implications
of these design effects for epidemiologic studies. The
paper also discusses the measurement errors induced
by the use of outdoor measurements to quantify per-
sonal exposure, and ways to assess effects of such
errors on conventional analyses of air pollution stud-
ies.
Keywords: 'Public health, "Aerosols, Epidemiology,
Statistical analysis, Biostatistics, Reprints, * Air pollu-
tion effects(Humans), "Acid smut, Ecological concen-
trations.
PB90-232349/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
National Science Foundation, Washington, DC.
M?«hod« for Analyzing Occupational Cohort Data
with Application to Lung Cancer In U.S. Uranium
Miners: Techniques for Fitting and Checking Ex-
posure-Time-Response Models. Journal article.
Stanford Univ., CA. School of Medicine.
J. Halpern, and A. S. Whittemore. c1987,12p EPA/
600/J-87/522
Grants NIH-ES-00070, CA-23214
Pub. in Jnl. of Chronic Diseases, v40 suppl2 p79S-88S,
Mar 87. Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Sponsored by National Science Foun-
dation, Washington, DC., and Alfred P. Sloan Founda-
tion, New York.
Two methods were used to examine how lung cancer
death rates vary with cumulative exposures to radi-
ation and tobacco among uranium miners. The two
methods produced similar results when death rate
ratios were taken to be the product of radiation and to-
bacco effects. The estimates were discrepant when
death rate ratios were taken to be the sum of radiation
and tobacco effects. Both methods indicated better fit
for the multiplicative model. It may be that cumulative
exposures are inappropriate measures of the effects
of radiation and tobacco on iung cancer death rates,
as well as for other pollutants where the assumption of
cumulative dose is the basis for risk assessments.
(Copyright (c) 1987 Pergamon Journals Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Epidemiology, United States, Tobacco,
Radon compounds, Tables(Data), Reprints, 'Occupa-
tional safety and health, 'Cohort studies, 'Uranium
mines, 'Radiation-induced neoplasms, 'Lung neo-
plasms, Radiation dose-response relationship, Cocar-
cinogenesis.
PB90-232794/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
EPA Staff Papers Presented at the Chesapeake
Bay Research Conference, March, 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
T. A. Waster, L. C. Linker, H. Gucinski, J. T. Hardy, and
H. R. Preston, jun 88,66p CBT/TRS-19/88
1606 Vol. 90, No. 24
Prepared in cooperation with Anne Arundel Communi-
ty Coll., Arnold, MD„ Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, and
Computer Sciences Corp., Annapolis, MD. Chesa-
peake Bay Liaison Office.
Five papers presented at the March 1988 Chesapeake
Bay Research Conference. Topics include: managing
estuarine water quality through the control of river
inflow, role of carbon systems in dissolved oxygen
regime of the Chesapeake Bay; sediment monitoring
for model development; toxicants in surface micro-
layer; potential effects of two pollutant reduction sce-
narios.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Chesapeake Bay, 'Water pol-
lution, Water quality management, Sediments, Mathe-
matical models. Water pollution control, Scenarios.
Carbon cycles, Air water interactions, Computerized
simulation, 'US EPA, Ecosystems, Water pollution
sampling, Surface layers, Dissolved oxygen. Environ-
mental monitoring, Toxic substances, Ocean surface.
PB90-232828/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Protocol for Juvenile 'Neanthes' Sediment Bioas-
say. Puget Sound Estuary Program.
Pm Environmental Services, Bellevue, WA.
D. M. Johns, T. C. Ginn, and D. J. Reish. Jun 90,23p
EPA/910/9-90/011
Contract EPA-68-D8-0085
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Seat-
tle, WA. Region X.
The protocol is for conducting a bioassay in which the
survival and change in biomass of juvenile Neanthes
sp. are determined following a 20-day exposure to test
sediments. Parameters measured to determine the ef-
fects of exposure include mortality, total biomass, and
average individual biomass. Sediments can be either
naturally occurring, field-collected samples, or sedi-
ments that have been experimentally modified (e.g.,
sediment mixed with other sediment to form a gradient
of sediment types or sediment to which chemicals
have been added). The Neanthes bioassay is conduct-
ed as a static renewal exposure, and food (i.e., Tetra-
Marin) is provided to the test organisms during the ex-
posure period to promote body tissue increases. Fol-
lowing the 20-day exposure period, all surviving worms
are collected, dried to a constant weight, and total av-
erage individual biomass are determined.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Sediments, 'Bioassay,
'Marine biology, Worms, Biomass, Survival, Exposure,
'Polychaeta nereidae, Water pollution
effects(Animals), Juvenile growth stage.
PB90-233065/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Epidemiology In Risk Assessment for Regulatory
Policy. Journal article.
Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Family, Community and
Preventive Medicine.
A. S. Whittemore. C1986,14p EPA/600/J-86/531
Grant EPA-R-813495
Pub. in Jnl. of Chronic Diseases, v39 n12 p1157-1168
Dec 86. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Epidemiology and risk assessment have several of the
features needed to make the difficult decisions re-
quired in setting standards for levels of toxic agents in
the workplace and environment. They differ in their
aims, orientation, and time scale. While the distribution
of disease provides the focus for epidemiologic re-
search, concern for adverse effects of specific toxi-
cants drives risk assessment. Most important, while
epidemiology is a scientific field that draws upon medi-
cine, demography, and statistics, risk assessment is a
hybrid of science and policy that draws not only upon
fields such as epidemiology, toxicology, chemistry and
engineering, but also upon psychology, politics, eco-
nomics, law and social justice. These inherent differ-
ences in emphasis, timing, and nature complicate the
role played by epidemiology in risk assessment for reg-
ulatory policy. It will continue to play an essential part
in regulatory decision-making. The role has placed epi-
demiologic findings and epidemiologists at the center
of political controversies, with both positive and nega-
tive side effects of this new visibility. Ways to prevent
the negative side effects and ways to increase the utili-
ty of epidemiologic data for regulatory risk assessment
are explored. (Copyright (c) 1986 Pergamom Journals
Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Epidemiology, 'Regulations, "Policies,
Graphs(Charts), TablesfData), Bladder neoplasms,
Mortality, Reprints, 'Risk assessment, 'Occupational
exposure, 'Toxic substances, Environmental expo-
sure pathways, Lung neoplasms.
PB90-233909/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Chesapeake Bay Program: Point Source Atlas.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
J. Macknis. Aug 88,50p CBP/TRS-22/88
Pollutant loadings from Chesapeake Bay watershed
municipal and industrial point sources drawn from the
Chesapeake Bay Program computerized data base.
Nutrient and toxic discharges are included. Effluent
data are averaged for the calendar year 1985. Detailed
information is presented in 23 tables and 14 figures.
Keywords: 'Atlases, 'Nutrients, Industrial wastes, Wa-
tersheds, Tables(Data), Graphs(Charts), Maps, Water
quality, Information systems, 'Point sources, 'Toxic
substances, 'Water pollution sampling, Sewage treat-
ment plants, Municipal waste, Chesapeake Bay Pro-
gram, Baseline measurements.
PB90-233917/HSU	PC A11/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Assessment of Cost and Effectiveness of Biologi-
cal Dual Nutrient Removal Technologies In the
Chesapeake Bay Drainage Basin. Volume 1. Tech-
nical rept.
Hazen and Sawyer, New York.
Oct 88,246p CBP/TRS-17/88-VOL-1
Contract EPA-68-03-4049
See also PB90-233925. Prepared in cooperation with
Smith (J.M.) and Associates, Cincinnati, OH. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis,
MD. Chesapeake Bay Program.
Information on dual Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR)
systems, based on the experience of plants with suffi-
cient operating history to demonstrate the potential
cost savings, treatment effectiveness, and reliability of
BNR systems. Three BNR processes - Bardenpho
A20, and UCT - were evaluated. An objective of the
report is to provide a basis for estimating incremental
costs for retrofitting and operating existing plants.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Nutrients, 'Eco-
nomic analysis, Watersheds, Nitrogen, Phosphorus
Reviews, Cost estimates, Benefit cost analysis. Design
criteria, Performance evaluation, Anaerobic process-
es, Aerobic processes, Nitrification, Activated sludge
process, 'Publicly-owned treatment works, 'Bycon-
version, Sewage treatment plants, Chesapeake Bay
Program, State of the art, Bardenpho process, A/O
process, Denitrification, UCT process.
PB90-233925/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Assessment of Cost and Effectiveness of Biologi-
cal Dual Nutrient Removal Technologies in the
Chesapeake Bay Drainage Basin. Volume 2. Tech-
nical rept.
Hazen and Sawyer, New York.
Oct 88,150p CBP/TRS-17/88-VOL-2
Contract EPA-68-03-4049
See also PB90-233917. Prepared in cooperation with
Smith (J.M.) and Associates, Cincinnati, OH. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis
MD. Chesapeake Bay Program.
Information on dual Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR)
systems, based on the experience of plants with suffi-
cient operating history to demonstrate the potential
cost savings, treatment effectiveness, and reliability of
BNR systems. Volume II details the costs developed
for retrofitting eight plants: Arlington, Hopewell, Lower
Potomac, Alexandria and Richmond, Virginia; Pataos-
co and Back River in Baltimore, Maryland; and Blue
Plains in the District of Columbia.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Nutrients, 'Eco-
nomic analysis. Watersheds, Nitrogen, Phosphorus
Reviews, Cost estimates, Revisions, Virginia, Mary-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ance evaluation, Metropolitan areas, District of Colum-
bia, 'Publicly-owned treatment works, 'Sewage treat-
ment plants, 'Bioconversion, Retrofitting, Chesapeake
Bay Program, Permits.
PB90-233933/HSU
PC A07/MF A01
Arsenic Transport and Impact in Chesapsak* Bay
Food Webs. Attachment A: Arsenic Impact on
Qrowth, Fecundity, Species Composition and
Subsequent Transport of Arsenic In Estuarlne
Food Webs.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
J. Q. Sanders, R. W. Osman, and K. G. Sellner. Mar 88,
141p CBP/TRS-18/88
Prepared in cooperation with Academy of Natural Sci-
ences of Philadelphia, Benedict, MD. Benedict Estua-
rine Research Lab.
The report presents a series of separate and linked ex-
periments using cultured and natural communities,
combining the control and flexibility of laboratory ex-
perimentation with the realism of microcosm studies.
Phytoplankton exhibited large changes in growth rate
upon exposure to arsenic, zooplankton were quite re-
sistant to arsenate; benthic organisms also exhibited
general tolerance to arsenic.
Keywords: 'Arsenic, 'Chesapeake Bay, 'Food chains,
'Marine biology, 'Environmental impacts, Oysters,
Zooplankton, phytoplankton, Tolerances(Physiology).
Graphs(Charts), Tabies(Data), Growth(Biology),
'Water pollution effects(Animals), Benthic flora,
Benthic fauna.
PB90-233941/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Perspectives on the Chesapeake Bay: Recent Ad-
vances In Estuarlne Sciences.
Chesapeake Research Consortium, Inc.. Gloucester
Point, VA.
M. P. Lynch, E. C. Krome, J. Garber, P. G. Verity, and
E. C. Itsweire. Dec 87,113pCRC-PUB-127, CBP/TRS-
16/87
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, An-
napolis, MD. Chesapeake Bay Program, and Chesa-
peake Bay Liaison Office, Annapolis, MD.
A compendium documenting the results of literature
searches to define Chesapeake Bay research needs in
five topic areas includes: estuarlne benthic-peiagic
coupling in the Chesapeake Bay; factors driving
changes in estuarine pelagic-trophic structure; physi-
cal processes that control estuarine circulation and
mixing; the role of genetics in conservation of Bay
plant and animal species; and chemical and physical
processes that control bioavailability of toxics in estu-
aries.
Keywords: 'Chesapeake Bay, 'Marine biology, 'Ecol-
ogy, 'Estuaries, Genetics, Oceanography, Conserva-
tion, Drawings, Toxic substances, Biological availabil-
ity, Species diversity.
PB90-233974/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Do Sympathetic Neurons Coordinate Cellular De-
velopment In the Heart and Kidney. Effects of
Neonatal Central and Peripheral Catechoiamirter-
gic Lesions on Cardiac and Renal Nucleic Acids
and Proteins. Journal article.
Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC. Dept. of
Pharmacology.
T. A. Slotkin, B. Levant, L. Orband-Miller, K. L. Queen,
and S. Stasheff. c1988,9p EPA/600/ J-88/517
Grant EPA-R-813769
Pub. in Jnl. of Pharmacology and Experimental Thera-
Rsutlcs, v244 n1 p168-172 Jan 88. Sponsored by
ealth Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Sympathetic nerve activity has been hypothesized to
set tne timing of cellular maturational events in target
tissues. In the study, this hypothesis was tested by le-
sioning catecholamine pathways in the periphery and
central nervous system through the use of subcutane-
ous or intracisternal Injections of 6-hydroxydopamine.
Systemically administered 6-hydroxydopamine com-
pletely depleted peripheral norepinephrine. The cen-
tral treatment completely ablated the development rise
in brain norepinephrine and dopamine and had little
effect on peripheral norepinephrine levels, but has
been shown to reduce sympathetic tone. In both the
heart and the kidney, either type of lesion resulted in
deficits in cell acquisition (DNA) with some evidence of
compensatory increases in other macromolecules in-
volved in cell enlargement (particularly RNA), thus
maintaining the tissue growth rate at only slightly ab-
normal levels. The peak effect was always seen during
the stages at which sympathetic neuronal synaptogen-
esis and impulse activity ordinarily undergo their most
rapid development. Most of the 6-hydroxydopamine-
induced differences in nucleic acids lessened or disap-
peared toward weaning, and thus the data support the
view that sympathetic neuronal input influences the
timing of maturational control of macromolecules, but
not their final set-point. (Copyright (c) 1988 The Ameri-
can Society for Pharmacology and Experimental
Therapeutics).
Keywords: 'Nerve cells, 'Sympathetic nervous
system, 'Catecholamines, 'Proteins, 'Nucleic acids,
'Heart, 'Kidney, Graphs(Charts), Body weight, Central
nervous system, Penpheral nervous system, Reprints,
Weaning, Organ weight, Newborn animals.
PB90-234006/HSU	PC E99/MF E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document Final May 1990.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
May 90,1770p-in 25v
Set includes PB90-234014 through PB90-234253.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
No abstract available.
PB90-234014/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Final Bast Demonstrated Available Technology
(BDAT) Background Document for K031, K084,
K101, K102, Characteristic Arsenic Wastes (D004),
Characteristic Selenium Wastes (D010), and P and
U Wastes Containing Arsenic and Selenium List-
ing Constituents. Volume 1.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
L. Rosengrant, and L. Fargo. May 90,124p EPA/530/
SW-90/059A
Contract EPA-88-W9-0068
See also PB90-234022. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid
Waste.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234006.
The background document provides the Agency's
technical support and rationale for the development of
treatment standards for the constituents to be regulat-
ed for the above-mentioned wastes.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Water pollution control,
'Waste disposal, 'Hazardous materials, Performance
standards, Stabilization, Vitrification, High temperature
tests, Design criteria. Leaching, Selenium, Waste
water, Industrial waste treatment, Materials recovery,
Tables(Data), Arsenic, 'Best technology, Incineration,
Pollution regulations, Standards compliance, Waste
recycling, Arsenic compounds, Selenium compounds.
PB90-234022/HSU	PC A11 /MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Final Bast Damonatratad Available Technology
(BDAT) Background Document for Characteristic
Ignltable Wastes (D001), Characteristic Corrosive
Wastes (D002), Characteristic Reactive Wastes
(D003), and P and U Waatea Containing Reactive
Listing Constituents. Volume 2.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
L. Rosengrant, and R. Craig. May 90,245p EPA/530/
SW-90/059B
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 1, PB90-234014 and Volume 3,
PB90-234030. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234006.
The background document presents the Agency's
technical support for selecting and developing the
treatment standards for D001, D002, D003, and P and
U wastes containing reactive listing constituents. Sec-
tion 1 presents waste-specific information; Section 2
describes the industries that will be affected by the
land disposal restrictions for the specific characteristic
waste; Section 3 discusses applicable technologies
that can be used to treat the waste; and Section 4
identifies the BDAT.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Water pollution control,
'Waste disposal, 'Hazardous materials, Performance
standards, Waste water, Explosives, Ignition, Industrial
waste treatment, Stabilization, Tables(Data), Activated
carbon treatment, Adsorption, Reduction(Chemistry),
Chemical reactions, Oxidizers, Corrosion environ-
ments, Cyanides, Oxidation, 'Best technology, Inciner-
ation, Pollution regulations, Standards compliance,
Land disposal, Biological industrial waste treatment.
PB90-234030/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology
(BDAT) Background Document for K001 (Adden-
dum) and U051 (Creosote). Volume 3.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
L. Rosengrant, and E. Eby. May 90,43p EPA/530/
SW-90/059C
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 2, PB90-234022 and Volume 4,
PB90-234048. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234006.
The background document provides the Agency's
technical support and rationale for the development of
treatment standards for the constituents to be regulat-
ed for the above-mentioned wastes. The addendum
provides the mathematical corrections to the original
K001 treatment standards and presents the corrected
K001 performance data and calculation of the revised
K001 standards and U051 (creosote) standards.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Water pollution control,
'waste disposal, 'Hazardous materials, Chemical in-
dustry, Performance standards, Revisions, Numerical
analysis, Industrial waste treatment, Aromatic polycy-
clic hydrocarbons, Creosote, Tables(Data), 'Best
technology, Chemical spills, Pollution regulations,
Standards compliance, Incineration, Land disposal,
SIC 2865, SIC 2869, SIC 2899, SIC 8071, SIC 2951,
SIC 2952.
PB90-234048/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology
(BDAT) Background Document Addendum for
K015. Volume 4.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
L. Rosengrant, and E. Eby. May 90,34p EPA/530/
SW-90/059D
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 3, PB90-234030 and Volume 5,
PB90-234055. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 25 reports, PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234006.
The document is an addendum to the supporting
BDAT background document for K015 dated August
1988. Most of the information regarding untreated
K015 waste and K015 wastewater standards is avail-
able in the original background document and its refer-
ences. The addendum reflects only revisions pertain-
ing to K015 nonwastewater standards development.
According to 40 CFR 261.32, waste code K015 is gen-
erated by the organic chemicals industry and is listed
as 'still bottoms from the distillation of benzyl chloride.'
Because of the high organic concentrations in K015
(88% benzal chloride), the Agency has determined
that the BDAT for K015 waste is incineration. After pro-
mulgation of the final First Third rule, EPA learned from
a K01S generator that incineration of K015 generates
an ash residue. Additionally, treatment of wastewater
residuals such as incineration scrubber water and
landfill leachate might form nonwastewater residuals.
Therefore, EPA is revising the no land disposal stand-
ard by developing numencal standards for K015 non-
wastewaters to reflect these new issues.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Waste disposal, 'Haz-
ardous materials, Performance standards, Phenan-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
threne. Nickel, Chromium, Anthracene, Benzyl chlo-
ride, Metals, Chemical industry, Industrial wastes, Nu-
merical analysis, 'Best technology, Fluoranthene/
benzo. Volatile organic compounds, Incineration, Pol-
lution regulations, Standards compliance, Land dis-
posal.
PB90-234055/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology
(BDAT) Background Document for K073. Volume
5.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
L. Rosengrant, and E. Eby. May 90,64p EPA/530/
SW-90/059E
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 4, PB90-234048 and Volume 6,
PB90-234063. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234006.
The document explains how EPA determines BDAT,
selects constituents for regulation, and calculates
treatment standards. Section 2 presents waste-specif-
ic information--the number and location of facilities af-
fected by the land disposal restrictions, the waste-gen-
erating process, and waste characterization data.
These data serve as a basis for determining whether a
variance from treatment standards may be warranted
for a particular type of K073 that is more difficult to
treat than the wastes that were analyzed in developing
the treatment standards for K073. Section 3 discusses
the technologies used to treat the waste (or similar
wastes), and Section 4 presents available perform-
ance data, including data on which the treatment
standards are based. Section 5 explains EPA's deter-
mination of BDAT, while Section 6 discusses the se-
lection of constituents to be regulated. The treatment
standards are determined in Section 7.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, "Water pollution control,
Waste disposal, 'Hazardous materials, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds, Performance standards, Numerical
analysis, Industrial waste treatment, Chemical indus-
try, Precipitation(Chemistry), Osmosis, Stripping, Acti-
vated carbon treatment, Solvent extraction. Oxidation,
Best technology, Pollution regulations, Standards
compliance, Landdisposal, SIC 2812, Biological indus-
trial waste treatment, Wet oxidation treatment.
PB90-234063/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
53?1 B#,t Demonstrated Available Technology
(BDAT) Background Document for K021, Volume
6.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
L. Rosengrant, and E. Eby. May 90, 66p EPA/530/
SW-90/059F
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 5, PB90-234055 and Volume 7,
PB90-234071. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234006.
The background document provides the Agency's
technical support and rationale for selecting and de-
veloping the treatment standards for the constituents
to be regulated in K021 waste. The document explains
how EPA determines BDAT, selects constituents for
regulation, and calculates treatment standards. Sec-
tion 2 presents waste-specific information-the number
and location of facilities affected by the land disposal
restrictions, the waste-generating process, and waste
characterization data. These data serve as a basis for
determining whether a variance from treatment stand-
ards may be warranted for a particular type of K021
that is more difficult to treat than the wastes that were
analyzed in developing the treatment standards for
K021. Section 3 discusses the technologies used to
treat the waste (or similar wastes), and Section 4 pre-
sents available performance data, including data on
which the treatment standards are based. Section 5
explains EPA's determination of BDAT, while Section
6 discusses the selection of constituents to be regulat-
ed. The treatment standards are determined in Section
7.
Kevwords: 'Waste treatment, 'Water pollution control,
•Waste disposal, 'Hazardous materials, Performance
standards, Industrial waste treatment, Numerical anal-
1608 Vol. 90, No. 24
ysis, Organic compounds, Chemical industry,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Osmosis, Catalysts, Refriger-
ants, Materials recovery, Activated carbon treatment,
Oxidation, 'Best technology, Pollution regulations,
Standards compliance, Land disposal, SIC 2869,
Methane/chlorofluoro, Freons, Biological industrial
waste treatment, Wet oxidation.
PB90-234071/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology
(BDAT) Background Document tor K086 (Ink For-
mulation Equipment Cleaning Wastes). Volume 7.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
L. Rosengrant, and J. Labiosa. May 90, 84p EPA/530/
SW-90/059G
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 6, PB90-234063 and Volume 8,
PB90-234089. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234006.
In today's rule, EPA is adopting a modified approach
for the November 22, 1989, proposed rule (54 FR
48372) revisions for K086 (solvent wash) including the
addition of seven new constituents for regulation and
to revise the August 17, 1988, promulgated treatment
standards for them. The proposed revisions relied ex-
clusively on incineration performance data for the de-
velopment of treatment standards. In response to
comments, EPA modified and developed the proposed
revisions to include treatment standards based on re-
siduals generated from various wastewater treatment
processes rather than incineration scrubber waters
(Sections 4 through 7 contain a discussion of these ad-
ditional data). The final revisions for K086 (solvent
washes) would apply to all forms of K086 wastewaters
and nonwastewaters (Section 4 contains detailed in-
formation regarding these revisions). The background
document presents the additional data and analyses
that are the support for the promulgated K086 treat-
ment standards. The background document is an ad-
dendum to the August 1988 background document for
K086 solvent wash (USEPA 1988a).
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Water pollution control,
'Waste disposal, 'Hazardous materials, Performance
standards, Metals, Cyanides, Numerical analysis,
Tables(Data), Industrial waste treatments, Inks, Sol-
vents, Sludge disposal, Oxidation, 'Best technology,
Liquid wastes, Pollution regulations, Standards compli-
ance, Volatile organic compounds, Biological industrial
waste treatment, Incineration, Land disposal.
PB9O-234089/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology
(BDAT) Background Document for K060. Volume
8.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
L. Rosengrant, and M. Chatmon-McEaddy. May 90,
41 p EPA/530/SW-90/059H
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 7, PB90-234071 and Volume 9,
PB90-234097. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234006.
The background document provides the Agency's
technical support and rationale for selecting and de-
veloping the proposed treatment standards for the
constituents to be regulated to K060 waste. The docu-
ment explains how EPA determines BDAT, selects
constituents for regulation, and calculates treatment
standards. Section 2 presents waste-specific informa-
tion-the number and location of facilities affected by
the land disposal restrictions, the waste-generating
process, and waste characterization data. These data
serve as a basis for determining whether a variance
from treatment standards may be warranted for a par-
ticular type of K060 that is more difficult to treat than
the wastes that were analyzed in developing the K060
treatment standards. Section 3 discusses the technol-
ogies used to treat the waste (or similar wastes), and
Section 4 presents available performance data, includ-
ing data on which the treatment standards are based.
Section 5 explains EPA's determination of BDAT,
while Section 6 discusses the selection of constituents
to be regulated. The treatment standards are deter-
mined in Section 7.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Water pollution control,
"Waste disposal, 'Hazardous materials, Organic com-
pounds, Industrial waste treatment, Waste water, Per-
formance standards, Coking, Iron and steel industry,
Sludge disposal, Calcium oxides, Tables(Data), Cyan-
ides, 'Best technology, Ammonia stripping, Pollution
regulations, Standards compliance, Land disposal,
Waste recycling, Incineration, Biological industrial
waste treatment.
PB90-234097/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology
(BDAT) Background Document for K061 (Adden-
dum). Volume 9.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
L. Rosengrant, and M. Chatmon-McEaddy. May 90,
48p EPA/530/SW-90/059I
Contract EPA-68-W9-0O68
See also Volume 8, PB90-234089 and Volume 10,
PB90-234105. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99
PB90-234006.
The background document presents the technical sup-
port and rationale for the promulgation of treatment
standards for K061 wastewaters. Treatment standards
for nonwastewater forms of K061 were promulgated in
the First Third final rule (53 FR 31138, August 17,
1988). The background document is issued as an ad-
dendum to the August 1988 background document for
K061 (USEPA 1988a), which accompanied the rule-
making for nonwastewater forms of K061. The docu-
ment presents information specific to the treatment of
K061 wastewaters and the technologies that were
evaluated in the determination of best demonstrated
available technology (BDAT) for K061 wastewaters.
The Agency is promulgating standards for the same
four BDAT list metal constituents that are regulated in
K061 nonwastewaters-cadmium, chromium,lead, and
nickel.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Industrial waste
treatment, Iron and steel industry, Waste water, Per-
formance standards, Metals, Cadmium, Filtration,
Flocculation, Dewatering, Precipitation(Chemistry)
Chromium, Lead^Metal), Nickel, Air pollution control!
Numerical analysis, Materials recovery, 'Best technol-
ogy, "Water pollution standards, SIC 3312, Pollution
regulations, Standards compliance, Sludge treatment
PB90-234105/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Solid Waste.
Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology
(BDAT) Background Document for K046 (Adden-
dum). Volume 10.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
L. Rosengrant, and E. Eby. May 90,46p EPA/530/
SW-90/059J
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 9, PB90-234097 and Volume 11
PB90-234113. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E9S
PB90-234006.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is estab-
lishing best demonstrated available technology
(BDAT) treatment standards for the listed waste identi-
fied in 40 CFR 261.32 as K046 (wastewater treatment
sludges from the manufacturing, formulation, and load-
ing of lead-based initiating compounds). If the treat-
ment standards presented in the document are pro-
mulgated, compliance will be a prerequisite for place-
ment of certain types of K046 waste in units designat-
ed as land disposal units according to 40 CFR Part
268. The effective date of these treatment standards
would be June 9, 1990. In August 1988, EPA estab-
lished two subcategories for K046 waste-reactive and
nonreactive-and promulgated a treatment standard
for nonwastewaters in tne nonreactive subcateaoru
(see 53 FR 31138, August 17, 1988). The deveknl
ment of that treatment standard was described inthe
BDAT background document for the K046 nonreactive
subcategory (USEPA 1988a). The treatment standard
a concentration-based standard for lead, was based
on performance data from stabilization of a nonrear.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, "Water pollution control,
'Waste disposal, 'Hazardous materials, Lead inorgan-
ic compounds, Explosives, Performance standards.
Stabilization, Precipitation(Chemistry), Filtration, In-
dustrial waste treatment, Numerical analysis, Chemical
reactions, Initiators(Exploslves), 'Best technology,
Pollution regulations, Standards compliance, SIC
2892, Incineration, Land disposal.
PB90-234113/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Final Treatment Standards for K069 Non-
wastewatera in the Calcium Su If ate/Sodium Sub-
category and Wastewater Forms of K069. Volume
11. Memorandum rept.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
A. S. Paintal, and M. Chatmon-McEaddy. 7 May 90,
42p EPA/530/SW-90/059K
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 10, PB90-234105 and Volume 12,
PB90-234121. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234006.
The memorandum presents the technical support and
rationale for the development of treatment standards
for K069 nonwastewaters in the calcium sulfate sub-
category and wastewater forms of K069.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Water pollution control,
'Waste disposal, 'Hazardous materials, 'Calcium sul-
fates, Smelting, Sodium, Metals, Performance stand-
ards, Industrial waste treatment, Stabilization,
Tables(Data), pH, Precipitation(Chemistry), Dewater-
ing. Filtration, Best technology, Lead industry, Pollu-
tion regulations, Standards compliance.
PB90-234121/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Final Treatment Standards for Nonwastewater
and Wastewater Forms ot K100. Volume 12.
Memorandum rept.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
A. S. Paintal. 8 May 90,38p EPA/530/SW-90/059L
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 11, PB90-234113 and Volume 13,
PB90-234139. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234006.
The memorandum presents the technical support and
rationale for the development of treatment standards
for nonwastewater and wastewater forms of K100. Ac-
cording to 40 CFR Part 261.32 (hazardous wastes
from specific sources), waste code K100 is listed as
waste leaching solution from acid leaching of emission
control dust/sludge from secondary lead smelting.
Treatment standards for K100 wastes were originally
scheduled to be promulgated as part of the Third Third
rulemaking. However, a treatment standard of 'No
Land Disposal Based on No Generation' for K100 non-
wastewaters was promulgated on August 8,1988, and
was subsequently revised on May 1, 1989, (54 FR
16836) to be applicable only to nonwastewater forms
of these wastes generated by the process described in
the listing description and disposed after August 17,
1988, and not generated in the course of treating
wastewater forms of these wastes (Based on No Gen-
eration).
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Water pollution control,
'Waste disposal, 'Hazardous materials, Smelting, In-
dustrial waste treatment, Air pollution control, Perform-
ance standards, Waste water, Dewatering, Filtration,
Tables(Data), Sludge disposal, stabilization,
Preclpttatlon(Chemistry), Metals, 'Best technology,
Lead Industry, Pollution regulations, Standards compli-
ance, Land disposal.
PB90-234130/H8U	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology
(BOAT) Background Document (or F0O6
Wastewaters (Addendum). Volume 13.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
L. Rosengrant, and M. Chatmon-McEaddy. May 90,
80p EPA/630/SW-90/059M
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 12, PB90-234121 and Volume 14,
PB90-234147. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234006.
The document provides the Agency's rationale and
technical support for selecting the constituents to be
regulated in F006 wastewaters and for developing
treatment standards for those regulated constituents.
The document is an addendum to the supporting best
demonstrated available technology (BDAT) back-
ground documents for F006 nonwastewaters. Treat-
ment standards for metal constituents in F006 non-
wastewaters were presented in the F006 background
document dated August 1988 (USEPA) 1988a): treat-
ment standards for cyanides in F006 nonwastewaters
were presented in a background document for cyanide
wastes dated June 1989 (USEPA) 1989a). Information
regarding untreated F006 waste and F006 non-
wastewater standards can be accessed through these
background documents. The addendum contains only
information pertaining to the development of treatment
standards for F006 wastewaters.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Industrial waste
treatment, Performance standards, Cyanides, Metals,
Oxidation, Hydrolysis, High temperature tests,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Metal finishing, Electroplat-
ing, Ion exchanging, Numerical analysis, Tables(Data),
'Best technology, 'Water pollution standards, Pollu-
tion regulations, Standards compliance, SIC 3000, Wet
oxidation, Sludge treatment.
PB90-234147/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology
(BDAT) Background Document Addendum for Cy-
anide Wastes. Volume 14.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
L. Rosengrant, and M. Chatmon-McEaddy. May 90,
103p EPA/530/SW-90/059N
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 13, PB90-234139 and Volume 15,
PB90-234154. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234006.
The document provides the Agency's rationale and
technical support for selecting the constituents to be
regulated in F019 nonwastewaters and wastewaters
and for developing proposed best demonstrated avail-
able technology (BDAT) treatment standards for those
regulated constituents. The document is an addendum
to the BDAT Background Document for Cyanide
Wastes (F006-F012), dated June 1989. In the Second
Third Final Rule (54 FR 26611), the Agency promulgat-
ed a treatment standard for total cyanide in F006
through F009 nonwastewaters as 590 mg/kg. While
the Agency stated that F019 wastes were different
from F006-F009 wastes because the F019 wastes
contained high concentrations of iron-cyanide com-
plexes, review of the waste characterization data for
F006 wastes Indicates that many F006 wastes also
contain high concentrations of iron-cyanide complexes
that are somewhat similar. Based on this information,
the Agency is promulgating treatment standards for
F019 based on a transfer from F006 wastes.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Water pollution control,
'Waste disposal, 'Hazardous materials, Cyanides,
Metals, Industrial wastes, Performance standards,
Metal finishing, Precipitation(Chemistry), Waste water,
Chlorination, Sludge disposal, Aluminum coatings,
Electroplating, Numerical analysis, Stabilization, 'Best
technology, Pollution regulations, Standards compli-
ance, SIC 3000, Wet oxidation.
PB0O-234154/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Final Beat Demonstrated Available Technology
(BDAT) Background Document Addendum for Ac-
rylonltrlie Wastes (K011, K013, and K014). Volume
15.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
L. Rosengrant, and M. Chatmon-McEaddy. May 90,
67p EPA/530/SW-90/0590
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 14, PB90-234147 and Volume 18,
PB90-234162. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234006.
The background document presents the technical sup-
port and rationale for the development of treatment
standards for K011/K013/K014 wastewaters. The
document presents information specific to the treat-
ment of K011 /K013/K014 wastewaters and the tech-
nologies that were evaluated in the determination of
best demonstrated available technology (BDAT) for
K011/K013/K014 wastewaters. The Agency is regu-
lating the same five BDAT list constituents that are
regulated in K011/K013/K014 nonwastewaters (ace-
tonitrile, acrylonitrile, acrylamide, benzene, and cya-
nide). These standards are based on the treatment
performance of wet air oxidation. The treatment stand-
ards for K011 /K013/K014 wastewaters are presented
in the document.
Keywords: 'Water pollution control, 'Industrial waste
treatment, Performance standards, Benzene, Cyan-
ides, Acetonitrile, Acrylonitriles, Tables(Data), Numeri-
cal analysis, 'Best technology, 'Water pollution stand-
ards, Pollution regulations, Standards compliance, Ac-
rylamide, Wet oxidation, Biological industrial waste
treatment.
PB90-234162/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Final Bast Demonstrated Available Technology
(BDAT) Background Document Addendum for
F002 (1,1,2-Trfchloroethane) and F005 (Benzene,
2-Ethoxyethanol, and 2-Nltropropane). Volume 16.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
L. Rosengrant, and J. Labiosa. May 90,64p EPA/530/
SW-90/059P
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 15, PB90-234154 and Volume 17,
PB90-234170. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234006.
The background document presents the data and ra-
tionale for the development of treatment standards for
1,1,2-trichloroethane (F002), benzene (F005), 2-eth-
oxyethanol (F005), and 2-nltropropane (F005). The
document is issued as an addendum to the November
1986 background document for F001-F005 spent sol-
vents (USEPA 1986).
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Water pollution control,
'Waste disposal, 'Hazardous materials, Performance
standards, Benzene, Numerical analysis, Organic sol-
vents, Waste water, Industrial waste treatment, Paints,
Coatings, Synthesis(Chemistry), Inks, 'Best technolo-
gy, Propane/nitro, Ethane/trichloro, Pollution regula-
tions, Standards compliance, Ethanol/ethoxy, Land
disposal.
PB90-234170/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology
(BDAT) Background tor Mercury-Containing
Waste* 0009, KlOfl, P065, P092, and U151. Volume
17.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
L. Rosengrant, and J. Labiosa. May 90,164p EPA/
530/SW-90/059Q
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 16, PB90-234162 and Volume 18,
PB90-234188. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234006.
The background document provides the Agency's
technical support and rationale for the development of
treatment standards for the constituents to be regulat-
ed for the above-mentioned wastes. Section 2 de-
scribes the potential industries affected by regulation
of these wastes, explains the potential processes gen-
erating these wastes, and presents available waste
characterization data. Section 3 specifies the applica-
ble and demonstrated treatment technologies for
these wastes. Section 4 contains performance data for
the demonstrated technologie8, and Section 5 ana-
lyzes these performance data to determine BDAT tor
each waste. Sections 6 and 7 provide rationale and
treatment standards, respectively.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, "Water pollution control,
"Waste disposal, "Hazardous materials, Waste water,
Radioactive wastes, Electric batteries, Mercury(Metal),
Fungicides, Tables(Data), Materials recovery,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Sludge disposal, Retorting,
Metals, Bactericides, Performance standards, Numeri-
cal analysis, Industrial waste treatment, "Best technol-
ogy, Incineration, Pollution regulations, Standards
compliance, Mercury compounds, Ore processing.
PB90-234188/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology
(BOAT) Background Document for P and U Thalli-
um Wastes. Volume 18.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
L. Rosengrant, and R. M. Craig. May 90,31p EPA/
530/SW-90/059R
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 17, PB90-234170 and Volume 19,
PB90-234196. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234006.
The background document provides the Agency's
technical support and rationale for the development of
treatment standards for the constituents to be regulat-
ed for the above-mentioned wastes. Sections 2
through 6 present waste-specific information for the
thallium-containing wastes.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, "Waste pollution con-
trol, "Waste disposal, "Hazardous materials, Perform-
ance standards, Waste water, Industrial waste treat-
ment, Numerical analysis, Tables(Data), Stabilization,
Oxidation, Precipitation(Chemistry), Filtration, Re-
t?3™1 projects, Optical equipment, "Best technology,
Thallium compounds, Pollution regulations, Standards
compliance, Technology utilization, Thermal recovery.
PB90-234196/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology
(BOAT) Background Document for Vanadium-
Containing Wastes (P119 and P120). Volume 19.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
L. Rosengrant, and R. M. Craig. May 90,33p EPA/
530/SW-90/059S
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 18, PB90-234188 and Volume 20,
PB90-234204. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234006.
The background document presents the Agency's
technical support and rationale for developing regula-
tory standards for these wastes. Sections 2 through 6
present waste-specific information for P119 and P120
wastes. Section 2 presents the number and location of
facilities affected by the land disposal restrictions, the
waste-generating processes, and waste characteriza-
tion data. Section 3 discusses the technologies used
to treat the wastes (or similar wastes), and Section 4
presents available performance data, including data
upon which the treatment standards are based Sec-
tion 5 explains EPA's determination of BDAT. Treat-
ment standards for vanadium wastes are determined
in Section 6.
Keywords'. "Waste treatment, "Water pollution control,
"Waste disposal, "Hazardous materials, Performance
standards, Vanadium inorganic compounds, Waste
water, Industrial waste treatment, Materials recovery,
Stabilization, Chemical industry, Catalysts, Vanadium
containing alloys, Solvent extraction,
Precipitation(Chemistry), "Best technology, Ore proc-
essing, Pollution regulations, Standards compliance,
Land disposal, Incineration.
PB90-234204/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Final Beat Demonstrated Available Technology
(BDAT) Background Document for Barium Waatas
(D005 and P013). Volume 20.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
L Rosengrant, and R. M. Craig. May 90,46p EPA/
530/SW-90/059T
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 19, PB90-234196 and Volume 21,
PB90-234212. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234006.
The background document presents the Agency's
technical support and rationale for developing regula-
tory standards for barium-containing wastes. Section 2
describes the industries affected by the regulation of
D005 wastes, explains the processes generating these
wastes, and presents available waste characterization
data. Section 3 specifies the applicable and demon-
strated treatment technologies for D005 wastes. Sec-
tion 4 presents available performance data for the
demonstrated technologies, including data upon which
treatment standards are based. Section 5 contains
analyses of the performance data to determine BDAT,
and Section 6 contains the determination of the pro-
posed treatment standards for the regulated constitu-
ent (barium). Section 7 discusses the listed waste
P013 - barium cyanide and details the development of
the treatment standard for these wastes.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, "Water pollution control,
"Waste disposal, "Hazardous materials, Performance
standards, Waste water, Numerical analysis,
Tables(Data), Leaching, Stabilization, Ion exchanging,
Barium inorganic compounds, Industrial waste treat-
ment, Chemical industry, Precipitation(Chemistry),
"Best technology, Pollution regulations, Standards
compliance, Land disposal, Incineration.
PB90-234212/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology
(BDAT) Background Document for D006 Cadmium
Waates. Volume 21.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
L. Rosengrant, and J. E. Labiosa. May 90,47p EPA/
530/SW-90/059U
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 20, PB90-234204 and Volume 22,
PB90-234220. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234006.
The background document presents the Agency's ra-
tionale and technical support for developing regulatory
standards for these wastes. Section 2 presents the
number and location of facilities believed to be affect-
ed by the land disposal restrictions, the waste-generat-
ing process, and waste characterization data. It is pos-
sible that other industrial operations generating cadmi-
um wastes may not have been covered in Section 2.
Section 3 discusses the technologies used to treat the
waste (or similar wastes), and Section 4 presents
available performance data, including data on which
treatment standards are based. Section 5 explains
EPA's determination of BDAT. The treatment stand-
ards for cadmium wastes are determined in Section 6.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, "Water pollution control,
"Waste disposal, "Hazardous materials, Electrolysis,
Performance standards, Cadmium inorganic com-
pounds, Electric batteries, Waste water, Ion exchang-
ing, Precipitation(Chemistry), Stabilization, Industrial
waste treatment, Metals, Numerical analysis,
Tables(Data), Materials recovery, High temperature
tests, "Best technology, Incineration, Pollution regula-
tions, Standards compliance.
PB90-234220/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology
(BDAT) Background Document for Chromium
Waates D007 and U032. Volume 22.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
L. Rosengrant, and J. Labiosa. May 90,84p EPA/530/
SW-90/059V
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 21, PB90-234212 and Volume 23,
PB90-234238. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234006.
The background document provides the Agency's
technical support and rationale for the development of
treatment standards for the constituents to be regulat-
ed for the above-mentioned chromium-containing
wastes. Section 2 describes the industries affected by
regulation of these wastes, explains the processes
generating these wastes, and presents available
waste characterization data. Section 3 specifies the
applicable and demonstrated treatment technologies
for these wastes. Section 4 contains performance data
for the demonstrated technologies, and Section 5 con-
tains analyses of these performance data to determine
BDAT for each waste. Section 6 contains the determi-
nation of BDAT treatment standards for the regulated
constituent (chromium). Section 7 discusses an asso-
ciated chromium-containing U-code waste (U032 - cal-
cium chromate) and details the development of the
treatment standards for this waste.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, 'Water pollution control,
"Waste disposal, "Hazardous materials, Pigments,
Performance standards, Chemical industry,
Reduction(Chemistry), Industrial waste treatment, Ion
exchanging, Filtration, Precipitation(Chemistry), High
temperature tests, Stabilization, Waste water, Chromi-
um alloys, Refractories, Metallurgy, Materials recov-
ery, "Best technology, Ore processing, Chromium
compounds, Land disposal, Pollution regulations,
Standards compliance.
PB90-23423S/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Final Best Demonstrated Available Technology
(BDAT) Background Document for D008 and P
and U Lead Wastes. Volume 23.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
L. Rosengrant, and M. Chatmon-McEaddy. May 90,
58p EPA/530/SW-90/059W
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 22, PB90-234220 and Volume 24,
PB90-234246. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99.
PB90-234006.
The background document provides the Agency's
technical support and rationale for the development of
promulgated treatment standards for the constituents
to be regulated for the lead-containing wastes. Section
2 describes the industries affected by regulation of
these wastes, explains the processes generating
these wastes, and presents available waste character-
ization data. Section 3 specifies the applicable and
demonstrated treatment technologies for these
wastes. Section 4 contains performance data for the
demonstrated technologies, Section 5 analyzes these
performance data to determine BDAT for each waste,
and Section 6 presents the promulgated BDAT treat-
ment standards for the regulated constituents. Section
7 discusses associated lead-containing P- and U-code
wastes and details the development of the treatment
standards for these wastes.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, 'Water pollution control
"Waste disposal, Tables(Data), Materials recovery!
Lead(Metal), Performance standards, Industrial
wastes, Numerical analysis, Reduction(Chemistry)
Lead acid batteries, Activation carbon treatment Oxi
dation, Vitrification, Precipitation(Chemistry), Filtration
Stabilization, Sludge disposal, Thermal recovery meth
ods, Chemical industry, Smelting, "Best technology
Incineration, Pollution regulations, Standards compll
ance, Lead compounds, wet oxidation.
PB90-234246/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC
Office of Solid Waste.
Final Beat Demonstrated Available Technology
(BDAT) Background Document for Silver-Contain-
ing Waates. volume 24.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
L. Rosengrant, and M. Chatmon-McEaddy. May 90,
37p EPA/530/SW-90/059X
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 23, PB90-234238 and Volume 25
PB90-234253. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99
PB90-234008.
The background document presents the Agency's
technical support and rationale for developing regula-
tory standards for these wastes. Section 2 identifies
the number and location of facilities affected by the
land disposal restrictions for 0011 wastes, discusses
processes generating these wastes, and presents all
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
available waste characterization data. Section 3 dis-
cusses the technologies used to treat the waste (or
similar wastes), and Section 4 presents available per-
formance data, including data on which the treatment
standards are based. Section 5 explains EPA's deter-
mination of BDAT. Promulgated treatment standards
are determined In Section 6. Section 7 discusses asso-
ciated silver-containing P-code wastes and details the
development of treatment standards for these wastes.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, 'Water pollution control,
'Waste disposal, 'Hazardous materials, Tables(Data),
Performance standards, Waste water, Industrial waste
treatment, Numerical analysis, Photographic process-
ing chemicals, Cyanides, Materials recovery, Stabiliza-
tion, Reduction(Chemistry), Precipitation(Chemistry),
'Best technology, Pollution regulations, Standards
compliance, Silver compounds.
PB90-2342S3/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Final Bast Demonstrated Available Technology
(BOAT) Background Document for Inorganic Pig-
ment Wastes. Volume 25.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
L. Rosengrant, ana M. Chatmon-McEaddy. May 90,
78p EPA/530/SW-90/059Y
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 24, PB90-234246. Sponsored by En-
vironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 25 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234006.
The background document presents the Agency's
technical support and rationale for developing regula-
tory standards for these wastes. Sections 2 through 7
present waste-specific information for the K002, K003,
K004, K005, K006, K007, and K008 wastes. Section 2
presents the number and location of facilities affected
By the land disposal restrictions, the waste-generating
process, and waste characterization data. Section 3
discusses the technologies used to treat the waste (or
similar wastes), and Section 4 presents available per-
formance data, including data on which treatment
standards are based. Section 5 explains EPA's deter-
mination of BDAT, while Section 6 discusses the se-
lection of constituents to be regulated. Section 7 ex-
plains the process used for calculation of proposed
treatment standards.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Water pollution control,
'Waste disposal, Inorganic compounds, Metals,
Waste water, Performance standards, Pigments,
Sludge disposal, Industrial waste treatment, Stabiliza-
tion, Reduction(Chemistry), Precipitation(Chemistry).
Tables(Data), Materials recovery, Filtration, Oxidation,
'Best technology, Waste utilization, Waste recycling,
Pollution regulations, Standards compliance, Land dis-
posal, SIC 2616.
PB90-234279/HSU	PC E99/MF E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document (or Wastes.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
May 90,1985p-in 19v*
Set includes PB90-234287 through PB90-234469.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
No abstract available.
PB90-2342S7/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Best Demonstrstsd Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document for Wastes from the Pro-
duction of Chlorinated Ailphatics F025. Volume 1.
Final rept.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
L. Rosengrant, and E. Eby. May 90,93p* EPA/530/
SW-90/060A
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 2, PB90-234295. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office
of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234279.
The background document provides the Agency's ra-
tionale and technical support for selecting the constitu-
ents to be regulated in F025 and for developing treat-
ment standards for these constituents. Section 2 pre-
sents waste-specific information, i.e., the industry af-
fects and waste characterization. Section 3 discusses
the applicable and demonstrated technologies used to
treat the waste (or similar wastes) and Section 4 sum-
marizes the available performance data, including data
on which the treatment standards are based. Section 5
explains EPA's determination of BDAT, while Section
6 discusses the calculation of BDAT treatment stand-
ards.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, 'Chlorine aliphatic compounds, Per-
formance standards. Industrial waste treatment, Water
pollution control, Waste water, Process charting, Ex-
traction, Oxidation, Distillation, 'Best technology,
"Standards compliance, Incineration, Waste recycling,
Land disposal, Pollution regulations, Resource Con-
servation and Recovery Act of 1976.
PB90-234295/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Treatment Standards for Nonwastewater and
Wastewater Forms of K044, K045, and K047.
Volume 2. Final rept.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
J. Berkes. 8 May 90, 6p* EPA/530/SW-90/060B
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 1, PB90-234287 and Volume 3,
PB90-234303. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234279.
The background document provides the Agency's
technical support and rationale for the development of
treatment standards for the constituents to be regulat-
ed for the above-mentioned wastes.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, 'Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, 'Explosives, Industrial waste treat-
ment, Water pollution control, Oxidation, Performance
standards, Sludge disposal, "Best technology, "Stand-
ards compliance, Incineration, Pollution regulations,
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976.
PB90-234303/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document for U and P Wastes and
Multleource Leachates. Volume D. Reactive U and
P Wastewaters and Nonwastewaters. Final rept.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
R. Kinch, and L. Fargo. May 90,84p* EPA/530/SW-
90/060C
See also Volume 2, PB90-234295 and Volume 4,
PB90-234311. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available In set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234279.
The background document provides the Agency's ra-
tionale and technical support for developing treatment
standards for those U and P wastes with reactive list-
ing constituents. These standards are applicable to the
wastes as listed in 40 CFR 261.33(e) and (f) as well as
to any wastes generated by the management or treat-
ment of the listed waste.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, 'Chemical compounds, Perform-
ance standards, Water pollution control, Waste water,
Industrial waste treatment, Chemical industry,
Reduction(Chemistry),	Filtration,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Leaching, Materials recov-
ery, Organic compounds, Metals, Inorganic com-
pounds, Oxidation, Extraction, 'Best technology,
'Standards compliance, 'Toxic substances, Inciner-
ation, Waste management, Pollution regulations, Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976,
Chemical spills, Waate utilization, Fuel substitutes, Bio-
logical industrial waste treatment, Land disposal.
PB90-234311/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Beet Demonstrated and Available Technology
(BDAT) Background Document for Wastes from
the Production of Eplchlorohydrln K017. Final rept.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
R. Kinch, and E. Eby. May 90,51 p* EPA/530/SW-90/
060D
See also Volume 3, PB90-234303 and Volume 5,
PB90-234329. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234279.
The background document provides the Agency's ra-
tionale and technical support for selecting the constitu-
ents for regulation in K017 and for developing treat-
ments standards for these constituents. The docu-
ment also provides waste characterization data that
serve as a basis for determining whether a variance
from a treatment standard may be warranted for a par-
ticular type of K017 that is more difficult to treat than
the wastes that were analyzed in developing the treat-
ment standards for K017.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, 'Epichiorohydrin, Performance
standards, Process charting, Chemical industry, Indus-
trial waste treatment, Water pollution control, Extrac-
tion, 'Best technology, 'Standards compliance, Incin-
eration, Pollution regulations, Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act of 1976, Waste recycling.
PB90-23432S/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Amendment to the Final Best Demonstrated Avail-
able Technology (BDAT) Background Document
for Wastes from the Production of 1,1,1-Trlchlor-
oethane K028, K029, K095, and K096. Final rept.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
R. Kinch, and E. Eby. May 90,67p* EPA/530/SW-90/
060E
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 4, PB90-234311 and Volume 6,
PB90-234337. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234279.
The background document provides the Agency's
technical support and rationale for the development of
treatment standards for the constituents to be regulat-
ed for the above-mentioned wastes.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Hazardous materials,
'Metals, 'Waste disposal, Chlorine aliphatic com-
pounds, Performance standards, Water pollution con-
trol, Industrial waste treatment, Waste water,
Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition), 'Best
technology, 'Standards compliance, 'Ethane/trich-
loro, 'Pollution regulations, Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act of 1976.
PB90-234337/HSU	PC A21/MF AOS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document for U and P Wastes ana
Multi-Source Leachate (F039). Volume A.
Wastewater Forms of Organic U and P Wastes
and Multi-Source Leachate (F039) for Which There
Are Concentration-Based Treatment Standards.
Final rept.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
R. Kinch, and M. Cunningham. May 90,481p* EPA/
530/SW-90/060F
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 5, PB90-234329 and Volume 7,
PB90-234345. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99.
PB90-234279.
The background document provides the Agency's
technical support and rationale for the development of
treatment standards for the constituents to be regulat-
ed for the above-mentioned wastes.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, 'Chemical compounds,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Waste water, industrial waste
treatment Leaching, Water pollution control, Perform-
ance standards, Information systems, Osmosis,
Stripping(Distillation), Oxidation, Activated carbon
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
treatment, Tables(Data), Organic compounds, Inor-
ganic compounds, Metals, Pesticides, Biodeteriora-
tion, 'Best technology, "Standards compliance,
'Toxic substances, Waste management, Pollution reg-
ulations, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act ot
1976, Waste utilization, Waste recycling, Granular acti-
vated carbon treatment.
PB90-234345/HSU	PC A10/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Beat Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document for U and P Wattes and
Multi-Source Leachate (F039). Volume B. u and P
Wastewaters and Nonwastewaters with Methods
of Treatment as Treatment Standards. Final rept.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
R. Kinch, and L. Jones. 8 May 90,215p* EPA/530/
SW-90/060G
See also Volume 6, PB90-234337 and Volume 8,
PB90-234352. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234279.
The background document provides the agency's ra-
tionale and technical support for developing treatment
standards for those U and P wastes with methods of
treatment at the BDAT treatment standards. These
standards are applicable to the wastes as listed in 40
CFR 261.33(e) and (0 as well as to any wastes gener-
ated by the management or treatment of the listed
waste. Treatment standards are specified for both
nonwastewater and wastewater forms of each listed
hazardous waste. Wastewaters are defined as wastes
containing less than 1 % (weight basis) total suspend-
ed solids and less than 1 % (weight basis) total organic
carbon (TOC). Wastes not meeting the wastewater
definition must comply with treatment standards for
nonwastewaters.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, "Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, "Chemical compounds. Perform-
ance standards, Water pollution control, Waste water,
Industrial waste treatment. Leaching, Chemical indus-
try, Phenols, Sulfur organic compounds, Nitrogen or-
ganic compounds, Oxidation, Activated carbon treat-
ment, Tables(Data), Pesticides, Halogen organic com-
pounds, Drugs, "Best technology, "Standards compli-
ance, "Toxic substances, Incineration, Waste man-
agement, Pollution regulations, Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act of 1976, Land disposal, Chemi-
cal spills.
P290-234352/HSU	PC A11/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document for U and P Wastes and
Multi-Source Leachate (F039) Volume C. Non-
wastewater Forms of Organic U and P Wastes and
Multi-Source Leachate (F039) for Which There Are
Concentration-Baaed Treatment Standards. Final
rept.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
R. Kinch, and L. Jones. May 90,248p* EPA/530/SW-
90/060H
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 7, PB90-234345 and Volume 9,
PB90-234360. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234279.
The document provides the Agency's rationale and
technical support for developing concentration-based
treatment standards for organic constituents in U and
P nonwastewaters, for lead in U051 nonwastewaters,
and for constituents in multi-source leachate non-
wastewaters (F039). These standards are applicable
to the wastes as listed as well as to any wastes gener-
ated by the management or treatment of the listed
wastes. For the purpose of determining the applicabil-
ity of the treatment standards, wastewaters are de-
fined as wastes containing less than 1 % (weight basis)
total suspended solids and less than 1% (weight
basis) total organic carbon (TOC). Wastes not meeting
the wastewater definition must comply with treatment
standards for nonwastewaters.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, "Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, "Organic compounds, Metals, Ni-
trogen organic compounds, Performance standards,
Chemical industry, Industrial wastes, Oxidation, Acti-
1612 Vol. 90, No. 24
vated carbon treatment, Halogen organic compounds,
Pesticides, Drugs, Acid treatment, Stabilization, Ad-
sorption, Leaching, Tables(Data), Phenols, Extraction,
"Best technology, "Standards compliance, "Toxic
substances, Incineration, Waste management, Pollu-
tion regulations, Resource Conservation and Recov-
ery Act of 1976, Chemical spills, Fuel substitutes,
Waste recycling, Waste utilization, Land disposal.
PB90-234360/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Amendment to the Final Best Demonstrated Avail-
able Technology (BDAT) Background Document
for Distillation Bottom Tars from the Production
of Phenol/Acetone from Cumene K022. Final rept.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
R. Kinch, and J. Labiosa. May 90,56p* EPA/530/SW-
90/0601
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 8, PB90-234352 and Volume 10,
PB90-234378. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234279.
The amendment to the Final Best Demonstrated Avail-
able Technology (BDAT) Background Document for
K022 presents EPA's rationale and technical support
for selecting the constituents for regulation in
wastewater forms of K022. Sections 2.0 through 6.0 of
the document amend sections in the Final BDAT Back-
ground Document for K022 that refer to applicable and
demonstrated treatment technologies, treatment per-
formance data, accuracy-corrected data, constituents
selected for regulation in wastewater forms of K022,
and calculation of treatment standards, respectively.
Section 7.0 contains acknowledgements and Section
8.0 lists references. Appendix A summarizes treatment
performance data for organic constituents regulated in
K022 wastewaters, ana Appendix B contains quality
assurance/quality control data for metal constituents
regulated in K022 wastewaters.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, "Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, "Phenols, "Acetone, Industrial waste
treatment, Cumene, Water pollution control, Waste
water, Metals, Quality assurance, Quality control, Or-
ganic compounds, Precipitation(Chemistry), Filtration,
Best technology, "Standards compliance, "Pollution
regulations, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
of 1976, Incineration.
PB90-234378/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document for Distillation Bottoms
from the Production of Aniline K063. Final rept.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
R. Kinch, and J. Labiosa. May 90,92p* EPA/530/SW-
90/060J
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 9, PB90-234360 and Volume 11,
PB90-234386. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234279.
The background document provides the Agency's
technical support and rationale for the development of
treatment standards for the constituents to be regulat-
ed for the above-mentioned wastes. The document
also provides waste characterization data that serve
as a basis for determining whether a variance from a
treatment standard may be warranted for a particular
type of K083 that is more difficult to treat than the
wastes that were analyzed in developing treatment
standards for K083.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, "Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, "Anilines, Performance standards,
Industrial waste treatment, Chemical industry, Water
pollution control, Waste water, Nitrobenzenes, Proc-
ess charting, Stabilization, Ashes, Extraction, Metals,
"Best technology, "Standards compliance, Inciner-
ation, SIC 2865, Pollution regulations, Resource Con-
servation and Recovery Act of 1976, Waste recycling.
PB90-234386/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Wa9te.
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document for Distillation Bottoms
from the Production of Nitrobenzene by the Nitra-
tion of Benzene K025. Final rept.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
R. Kinch, and J. Labiosa. May 90,30p* EPA/530/SW-
90/060K
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 10, PB90-234378 and Volume 12,
PB90-234394. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99
PB90-234279.
The background document provides the Agency's
technical support and rationale for the development of
treatment standards for the constituents to be regulat-
ed for the above-mentioned wastes. The document
also provides waste characterization data that serve
as a basis for determining whether a variance from the
treatment standard may be warranted for a particular
type of K025 that is more difficult to treat than the
wastes on which the K025 treatment standards are
based.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, "Hazardous materials,
•Nitrobenzenes, "Waste disposal, Performance stand-
ards, Water pollution control, Industrial waste treat-
ment, Dyes, Drugs, Adsorption, Activated carbon treat-
ment, Chemical industry, Extraction, Biodeterioration
Oxidation, Stripping(Distillation), "Best technology]
"Standards compliance, Biological industrial waste
treatment, Incineration, Pollution regulations. Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976.
PB90-234394/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document for Stripping Still Tails
from the Production of Methyl Ethyl Pyridines
K026. Final rept.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
R. Kinch, and J. Labiosa. May 90,26p* EPA/530/SW-
90/060L
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 11, PB90-234386 and Volume 13
PB90-234402. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99
PB90-234402.
The background document provides the Agency's
technical support and rationale for the development of
treatment standards for the constituents to be regulat-
ed for the above-mentioned wastes. The document
also provides waste characterization data that serve
as a basis for determining whether a variance from the
treatment standard may be warranted for a particular
type of K026 that is more difficult to treat than the
wastes on which the K026 treatment standards are
based.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, "Hazardous materials
"Waste disposal, StrippinglDistillatfon), Industrial
waste treatment, Water pollution control, Performance
standards, Waste water, Chemical industry, Process
charting, Pyridines, Activated carbon treatment. Ex-
traction, Biodeteration, "Best technology, "Standards
compliance, "Pyridine/methyl-ethyl, Incineration, SIC
2869, Pollution regulations, Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act of 1976, Biological industrial waste
treatment.
PBSO-234402/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. DC
Office of Solid Waste.
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document for Wastewater Treatment
Sludges Generated In the Production of Creosote
K036. Final rept.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
R. Kinch, and J. Labiosa. May 90, 78p* EPA/S30/SW-
90/060M
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 12, PB90-234394 and Volume 14
PB90-234410. Sponsored by Environmental Protect
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office ot Solid Waste
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF EM
PB90-234279.	'
The background document provides the Aoencv'a
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
treatment standards for the constituents to be regulat-
ed for the above-mentioned wastes. The document
also provides waste characterization data that serve
as a basis for determining whether a variance from a
treatment standard may be warranted for a particular
type of K035 that is more difficult to treat than the
wastes that were analyzed in developing treatment
standards for K035.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, "Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, 'Creosote, Sludge disposal, Per-
formance standards, Industrial waste treatment, Water
pollution control, Waste water, Process charting, Ex-
traction, 'Best technology, 'Standards compliance, In-
cineration, SIC 2865, Waste recycling. Pollution regu-
lations, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of
1976.
PB90-234410/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Amendment to Final Best Demonstrated Available
Technology (BOAT) Background Document for
Organophosphorus Waetes (K036 Non-
wastewaters). Final rept.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
R. Kinch, and M. Cunningham. May 90,43p* EPA/
530/SW-90/060N
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 13, PB90-234402 and Volume 15,
PB90-234428. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234279.
The amendment to the Final Best Demonstrated Avail-
able Technology (BDAT) Background Document for
Organophosphorus Wastes presents: (1) a discussion
of incineration as an additional applicable and demon-
strated technology for treating disulfoton, the pro-
posed constituent of concern in K036 non-
wastewaters, (2) EPA's determination of incineration
as the best demonstrated available technology for
K036 nonwastewaters, and (3) EPA's rationale for
transferring treatment performance data from inciner-
ation of K037 to K036 nonwastewater streams. More
specifically, Section 2 of the document amends Sec-
tion 3 of the Final BDAT Background Document for Or-
ganophosphorus Wastes by adding Incineration as an
applicable and demonstrated technology for treating
nonwastewater forms of K036. Section 3 of the docu-
ment amends Section 4 of the Final BDAT Background
Document for Organophosphorus Wastes by adding
treatment performance data for incineration of K037 to
develop treatment standards for K036 non-
wastewaters. Section 4 amends Section 5.1, identify-
ing incineration as BDAT for K036 nonwastewaters. Fi-
nally, Section 6 amends Section 7, presenting numeri-
cal standards for disulfoton based on treatment per-
formance data for incineration transferred from K037
to K036 nonwastewaters.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, 'Phosphorus organic compounds,
Performance standards, Incinerators, Industrial
wastes, Water pollution control, Waste water, Design
criteria, Injection, Fluidized bed processing, 'Best
technology, 'Standards compliance, 'Pollution regula-
tions, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of
1976.
PB90-234428/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Amendment to Beet Demonstrated Available
Technology (BDAT) Background Document for
K037. Final rept.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
R. Kinch, and M. Cunningham. May 90,25p* EPA/
530/SW-90/0600
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 14, PB90-234410 and Volume 16,
PB90-234436. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234279.
The amendment to the Final Best Demonstrated Avail-
able Technology (BDAT) Background Document for
K037 presents (1) a discussion of biological treatment
as an applicable and demonstrated technology for re-
ducing regulated constituents in organophosphorus
wastewater streams, (2) performance data supporting
biological treatment as an effective technology for
treating organophosphorus wastewater streams, (3)
rationale for transferring biological treatment perform-
ance data to wastewater forms of K037 and, (4) calcu-
lation of new numerical standards. Specifically, Sec-
tion 2 of the document supplements Section 3 of the
Final BDAT Background Document for K037 by intro-
ducing biological treatment as an applicable and dem-
onstrated technology for treating wastewater forms of
K037. Section 3 of the document amends Section 4 of
the Final BDAT Background Document for K037 by
adding performance data for biological treatment of
parathion and toluene. Section 4 amends Section 5.2
by identifying biological treatment as BDAT for K037
wastewaters. Finally, Section 5 amends Section 7 by
presenting revised numerical treatment standards for
disulfoton and toluene in K037 wastewaters.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, "Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, "Phosphorus organic compounds,
Performance standards, Industrial waste treatment,
Water pollution control, Waste water, Biodeterioration,
Toluene, Pesticides, "Best technology, 'Standards
compliance, 'Pollution regulations, Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act of 1976, Biological industrial
waste treatment, Disulfoton, Parathion.
PB90-234436/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document tor Halogenatea Pesticide
and Chlorobenzene Wastes K032-K034, K041,
K042, K085, K097, K098, K105, D012-D017. Final
rept.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
R. Kinch, and E. Eoy. May 90,154p" EPA/530/SW-
90/060P
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 15, PB90-234428 and Volume 17,
PB90-234444. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234279.
The background document provides the Agency's
technical support and rationale for the development of
treatment standards for the constituents to be regulat-
ed for the above-mentioned wastes. The section de-
scribes the industry affected by the land disposal re-
strictions for the halogenated pesticide and chloroben-
zene wastes included in Table 1 -1, the processes gen-
erating the wastes, the available characterization data,
and the determination of waste treatability groups.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, "Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, "Chlorobenzenes, "Pesticides, Per-
formance standards, Industrial waste treatment, Water
pollution control, Waste water, Process charting, Oxi-
dation, Biodeterioration, "Best technology, "Standards
compliance, SIC 2869, SIC 2879, Waste management,
Pollution regulations, Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act of 1976, Incineration, Granular activated
carbon treatment, Biological industrial waste treat-
ment.
PB90-234444/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Amendment to the Final Best Demonstrated Avail-
able Technology (BDAT) Background Document
tor Wastes from the Production of Chlorinated Al-
iphatic Hydrocarbons F024. Final rept.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
R. Kinch, and J. Vorbach. May 90,44p* EPA/530/SW-
90/060Q
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 16, PB90-234436 and Volume 18,
PB90-234451. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234279.
The amendment to the Final Best Demonstrated Avail-
able Technology (BDAT) Background Document for
F024 presents: (1) F024 incinerator ash stabilization
data; (2) EPA's rationale and technical support for se-
lecting the metal constituents being regulated in non-
wastewater forms of F024 and for deleting the chlorin-
ated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans as regulated
constituents in F024; (3) EPA's approach to and tech-
nical support for developing treatment standards for
metal constituents in nonwastewater forms of F024;
and (4) EPA's rationale and technical support for revis-
ing the F024 treatment standards promulgated for or-
ganic constituents in the Second Third rule. Sections
2.0 through 5.0 of the document supplement discus-
sions in the Final BDAT Background Document for
F024 by presenting treatment performance data, accu-
racy-corrected treatment performance data, constitu-
ents selected for regulation in F024, and treatment
standard calculations, respectively. Section 6.0 con-
tains acknowledgements, and Section 7.0 lists refer-
ences.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Hazardous materials,
'Waste disposal, 'Chlorine aliphatic compounds, Per-
formance standards, Leaching, Industrial waste treat-
ment, Water pollution control, Metals, Revisions, Sta-
bilization, Binder(Materials), "Best technology,
"Standards compliance, "Pollution regulations, Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, Incin-
eration.
PB90-234451/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Amendment to the Best Demonstrated Available
Technology (BDAT) Background Document for
Wastes from the Petroleum Refining Industry
K048, K049, K050, K051, K052. Final rept.
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
R. Kinch, and J. Vorbach. May 90,156p* EPA/530/
SW-90/060R
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 17, PB90-234444 and Volume 19,
PB90-234469. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234279.
The background document provides the Agency's
technical support and rationale for the development of
treatment standards lor the constituents to be regulat-
ed for the above-mentioned wastes. The amendment
presents the K048-K052 solvent extraction and incin-
eration data used to develop the treatment standards
for nonwastewaters; presents the K048 incinerator
scrubber water data used to develop the treatment
standards for cyanide in wastewaters; and provides
EPA's rationale and technical support for various treat-
ment standards.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, 'Petroleum refining. Industrial waste
treatment, Water pollution control, Extraction, Cyan-
ides, Waste water, Performance standards, Metals,
Organic compounds, Tables(Data), "Best technology,
"Standards compliance, "Pollution regulations, He-
source Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, Incin-
eration, Land disposal, Waste management.
PB90-234489/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Best Demonstrated Available Technology (BDAT)
Background Document for U and P Wastes and
Multi-Source Leachate (F039). Volume E. Gaseous
U and P Wastes. Final rept
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
R. Kinch, and L. Jones. May 90,36p* EPA/530/SW-
90/060S
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 18, PB90-234451. Sponsored by En-
vironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234279.
The background document provides the Agency's
technical support and rationale for the development of
treatment standards for the constituents to be regulat-
ed for the above-mentioned wastes. The three gase-
ous U and P wastes are: ethylene oxide (U115), nitric
oxide (P076), and nitrogen dioxide (P078). These
standards are applicable to the wastes listed as well as
to any wastes generated by the management or treat-
ment of the listed wastes.
Keywords: "Waste treatment, "Hazardous materials,
"Waste disposal, "Gas cylinders, Leaching, Chemical
industry, Oxidation, Activated carbon treatment, Nitro-
gen dioxide, Nitrogen oxide, Ethylene oxide, Air pollu-
tion, Waste water, Water pollution control, "Best tech-
nology, "Standards compliance, 'Toxic substances,
Land disposal. Waste management Pollution regula-
tions, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of
1976, Incineration, Waste recycling. Waste utilization,
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
SIC 2869, Biological industrial waste treatment, SIC
2819.
PB90-234477/HSU	PC E99/MF E99
Final Response to BDAT Related Comment* Doc-
ument.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
May 90,4811p-in 19v
Set includes PB90-234485 through PB90-234667.
No abstract available.
PB90-234485/HSU	PC A11/MF A02
Final Response to BDAT Related Comments Doc-
ument. Volume 1A-1. General BDAT Issues.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L Rosengrant, and R. Craig. May 90,226p EPA/530/
SW-90/061A
See also Volume 1, A-2, PB90-234493.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234477.
The response to comments document only addressed
those comments which were submitted on the pro-
posed land disposal restrictions for those waste codes
and general BDAT technologies and issues which re-
lated to Third Third Wastes Treatment Standards. The
commenters presented in the document are grouped
according to major concerns of the commenters.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
Waste disposal, Data processing, Chemical industry,
Stabilization, Statistical analysis, Metals, Radioactive
wastes, Waste water, Water pollution control, Perform-
ance standards, Sampling, 'Land disposal, 'Remedial
response, 'Best technology, Incineration, Pollution
regulations, Standards compliance, Fuel substitution,
Waste utilization, Toxic substances, Waste recycling,
Technology utilization.
PB90-234493/HSU	PC A11/MF A02
Final Response to BDAT Related Comments Doc-
ument: General BDAT Issues. Volume 1-A-2.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L. Rosengrant, and R. Craig. May 90,236p EPA/530/
SW-90/061B
See also Volume 1-A-1, PB90-234485 and Volume 1-
A-3, PB90-234501.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234477.
The response to comments document only addressed
those comments which were submitted on the pro-
posed land disposal restrictions for those waste codes
and general BDAT technologies and issues which re-
lated to Third Third Wastes Treatment Standards. The
commenters presented in the document are grouped
according to major concerns of the commenters. The
document contains PQL, wastewaters/non-
wastewaters, grab/composite samples, quantification
complications for P and U wastes, and soil and debris.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
Waste disposal, Data processing, Chemical industry,
Stabilization, Statistical analysis, Metals,.Radioactive
wastes, Waste water, Water pollution control, Perform-
ance standards, Sampling, 'Land disposal, 'Remedial
response, 'Best technology, Incineration, Pollution
regulations, Standards compliance, Fuel substitution,
Waste utilization, Toxic substances, Waste recycling,
Technology utilization.
PB90-234501/HSU	PC A12/MF A02
Final Response to BDAT Related Comment* Doc-
ument: General BDAT Issues. Volume 1-A-3.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L. Rosengrant, and R. Craig. May 90,254p EPA/530/
SW-90/061C
See also Volume 1-A-2, PB90-234493 and Volume 1-
B, PB90-234519.	„
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234477.
Contents: Soil and debris; Stabilization; Recover/re-
cycling technologies; Treatment standards for treat-
ability groups; Ammonia wastes; Technology astreat-
ment standard; Treatment of residues; TCLP vsEP,
Analytical concerns; Treatment standards for charac
teristic wastes; No land disposal; Wastes with multiple
characteristics; Incineration/fuel substition; Transfer
of treatment standards or performance data; Definition
of K112; Treatment standards for P and U wastes;
Treatment technologies for metals; Statistical analysis.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
Industrial wastes, Materials recovery, Performance
standards, Ammonia, Residues, Leaching, Water pol-
lution control, Waste water, Metals, Statistical analy-
sis, 'Land disposal, 'Remedial response, 'Best tech-
nology, Pollution regulations, Standards compliance,
Cleanup operations, Debris, Toxic substances, Waste
recycling, Technology utilization, Soil contamination.
PB90-234519/HSU	PC A09/MF A02
Final Response to BDAT Related Comments Doc-
ument: D001. Volume 1-B.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L. Rosengrant, and R. Craig. May 90,200p EPA/530/
SW-90/061D
See also Volume 1-A-3, PB90-234501 and Volume 1-
C, PB90-234527.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234477.
Contents: Treatment issues concerning aqueous
wastes in the ignitable liquids subcategory; Other
issues concerning treatment standards for the ignita-
ble liquids subcategory; Treatment standard for ignita-
ble compressed gases; Issues concerning deactiva-
tion treatment standards; Definitions of subcategories;
Dilution.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Waste treatment,
Waste disposal, Ignition, Dilution, Performance stand-
ards, Deactivation, Water pollution control, Waste
water, 'Land disposal, "Best technology, "Remedial
response, Pollution regulations, Standards compli-
ance, Liquid wastes, Technology utilization.
PB90-234527/HSU	PC A19/MF A03
Final Response to BDAT Related Comments Doc-
ument: D002. Volume 1-C.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L. Rosengrant, and R. Craig. May 90,448p EPA/530/
SW-90/061E
See also Volume 1-B, PB90-234519 and Volume 1-D,
PB90-234535.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234477.
Contents: Proposed pH requirement; Proposed insolu-
ble salt requirements; Incineration; Dilution; Miscella-
neous issues.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
'Corrosion mechanisms, pH, Dilution, Material tests,
Waste water, Water pollution control, Neutralizing,
'Land disposal, 'Best technology, 'Remedial re-
sponse, Incineration, Standards compliance, Salts,
Pollution regulations, Toxic substances.
PB90-234535/HSU	PC A14/MF A02
Final Response to BDAT Related Comments Doc-
ument D003. Volume 1-D.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L. Rosengrant, and R. Craig. May 90,324p EPA/530/
SW-90/061 F
See also Volume 1-C, PB90-234527 and Volume 1-E,
PB90-234543.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234477.
Contents: Deactivation technology alternatives; Cya-
nide treatment standards; Other cyanide issues; Sul-
fide treatment alternatives; Proposed insoluble salt re-
quirement for sulfides; Reactive sulfide definition; Ex-
plosive, water reactive, and other reactive wastes; P
and U waste issues.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
Waste disposal. Chemical reactions, Deactivation,
Cyanides, Substitutes, Sulfides, Salts, Esplosives,
Waste water, Water pollution control, Performance
standards, 'Land disposal, 'Remedial response,
'Best technology, Pollution regulations, Standards
compliance, Toxic substances, Technology utilization.
PB90-234543/HSU	PC A11/MF A02
Final Response to BDAT Related Comments Doc-
ument. D004: Characteristic Wastes tor Arsenic
and K, P, and U Wastes Containing Arsenic and
D010: Characteristic Wastes (or Selenium. Volume
1-E.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L. Rosengrant, and R. Craig. May 90, 236p EPA/530/
SW-90/061 G
See also Volume 1 -D, PB90-234535 and Volume 1 -F
PB90-234550.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234477.
Contents: Aqueous wastes are incompatible with vitrifi-
cation; Air emissions; Scrubbers to control emissions
from incinerators; Chemical oxidation and stabiliza-
tions as BDAT in lieu of vitrification; Treatment of or-
ganoarsenic bu incineration in lieu of vitrification; Fur-
naces permitting; Vitrification residues; Chemical treat-
ment as BDAT for arsenic; Alternative technologies to
vitrification; Vitrification is not demonstrated; Verifica-
tion technology is not available; Stabilization as BDAT
for arsenic; Stabilization unsatisfactory, Vitrification
data supplied; Vitrification supported as BDAT for As/
Se; TCLP with glasses can give misleading results;
BDAT is technically flawed; Stabilization as BDAT for
As/Se; Permitting vitrification devices; Specification of
treatment standards.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
Air pollution control, Oxidation, Stabilization, Arsenic,
Selenium, Data processing, Glass, Substitutes, Stand-
ards, Specifications, Waste disposal, Water pollution
control, Waste water, 'Land disposal, 'Remedial re-
sponse, 'Best technology, Incineration, Permits, Vitrifi-
cation, Arsenic compounds, Selenium compounds,
Technology utilization.
PB90-234550/HSU	PC A10/MF A02
Final Response to BDAT Related Comments Doc-
ument: D005: Characteristic Wastes tor Barium,
and P013 and D006: Characteristic Wastes for
Cadmium. Volume 1-F.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L. Rosengrant, and R. Craig. May 90,21 Op EPA/530/
SW-90/061 H
See also Volume 1-E, PB90-234543 and Volume 1-G,
PB90-234568.
Also available in set ol 19 reports PC E999/MF E99,
PB90-234477.
Contents: Characteristic wastes for barium and P013
(data submission, treatment standards, preamble vs.
proposed rule, MCLG standard, treatability group for
barium wastes containing organics, and drinking water
levels of barium); Characteristic wastes for cadmium
(problems in management of household battery
wastes, cadmium wastes not similar to F006 or K061
set standards for EP level, set treatment method in-
stead of level, foundry wastes cannot meet standards,
inconsistencies in setting standards, allowance of al-
ternate technologies, stepwise recovery of more than
one constituent may require processing at more than
one site, most batteries are not hazardous wastes, and
data submittal).
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
Waste disposal, Data processing, Potable water'
Barium, Cadmium, Standards, Substitutes, Materials
recovery, Waste water, Water pollution control, Per-
formance standards, Foundaries, Electric batteries
'Land disposal, 'Remedial response, 'Best technolo-
gy, Pollution regulations, Standards compliance, Toxic
substances, Technology utilization.
PB90-234568/HSU	PC A15/MF A02
Final Response to BDAT Related Comments Doc-
ument. D007. Characteristic Wastes for Chromi-
um. Volume 1-G.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Solid Waste.
L. Rosengrant, and R. Craig. May 90,334p EPA/630/
SW-90/0611
See also Volume 1-F, PB90-234550 and Volume 1-H
PB90-234576.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E9fi
PB90-234477.
Contents: Treatment standards; Treatment data:
Treatability of waste/group; Total chromium vs hexa-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
valent or trivalent chromium; Miscellaneous; Com-
ments on data.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
Waste disposal, Chromium, Performance standards,
Data processing, Water pollution control, Waste water,
Metals, 'Land disposal, 'Remedial response, 'Best
technology, Pollution regulations, Standards compli-
PB90-234576/HSU	PC A17/MF A03
Final RMponse to BOAT Related Comment* Doc-
ument: D008: Characteristic Wastee tor Lead and
P and U Waste* Containing Lead. Volume 1-H.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L Rosengrant, and R. Craig. May 90,398p EPA/530/
SW-90/061J
See also Volume 1-G, PB90-23456B and Volume 1-1,
PB90-234584.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234477.
Contents: Characteristic level as treatment technolo-
gy; Wastewaters treatment data; Wastewaters - validi-
ty of transfer from K062; Specific use of chemical pre-
cipitation; Treatment data for nonwastewaters; Validity
of transfer of stabilization data to D008; Stabilization
as an effective treatment technology for lead wastes;
Application of recovery to D008 high level non-
wastewaters; Proposed cutoff level for recovery; Lead
acid batteries-further specification of 'metal recovery'.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
Waste disposal, Data processing,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Stabilization, Specifications,
Lead(Metal), Waste water, Water pollution control, Ma-
terials recovery, Electric batteries, 'Land disposal,
'Remedial response, 'Best technology, Pollution reg-
ulations, Standards compliance, Toxic substances,
Technology utilization.
PB90-234584/HSU	PC A11/MF A02
Final Response to BOAT Related Comments Doc-
ument D009, K044, K045, K047, D011, P119, P120,
and P and U Wastes. Volume 1-1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L. Rosengrant, and R. Craig. May 90,246p EPA/530/
SW-90/061 K
Contract EPA-68-W9-0068
See also Volume 1-H, PB90-234576 and Volume 1-J,
PB90-234592. Prepared in cooperation with Versar,
Inc., Springfield, VA.
Also available In set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234477.
Contents: Characteristic wastes for mercury P and U
wastes containing mercury (data submission only,
thermal recovery standard-demonstrability, establish-
ment of BDAT standard level below the characteristic
level, stabilization as BDAT or sulfide precipitated
D009 as BDAT, alternative treatment for debris' and
other wastes, reconsideration of the retort cutoff level,
treatment standard mixed waste, and indigenous
waste); Wastes from the manufacturing and process-
ing of explosives (treatment standard); Characteristic
wastes for silver (treatment standards, precipiation,
and concentration-based standards vs. recovery or
stabilization); Vanadium containing wastes (treatment
technology, waste classification, treatment standards,
and data submission); P and U wastes containing thal-
lium (data submission).
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
Mercury(Metal), Explosives, Silver, Vanadium, Thalli-
um,	Stabilization,	Substitutes,
Percipitation(Chemistry), Data processing, Leaching,
Waste water, Water pollution, Waste disposal, 'Land
disposal, 'Best technology, 'Remedial response,
Toxic substances, Debris, Standards compliance, Pol-
lution regulations.
PB90-234692/HSU	PC A11 /MF A02
Final Reeponse to BDAT Related Comments Doc-
ument Mixed Radioactive Hazardous Wastes, Po-
lynuclesr Aromatic U Wastes, Halogenated Ali-
phatic U Wastes, Non-Halogenated Aromatic U
Wastes, F002-F006, F01S. Volume 1-J.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L. Rosengrant, and R. Craig. May 90,242p EPA/530/
SW-90/061 L
See also Volume 1-1, PB90-234584 and Volume 1-K,
PB90-234600.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234477.
Contents: Mixed radioactive hazardous wastes (radio-
active lead wastes, radioactive mercury wastes, radio-
active zirconium fines, and other radioactive wastes);
Polynuclear aromatic U wastes (treatment standards
and recycling.reuse); Halogenated aliphatic U wastes
(treatment standards and BDAT); Non-halogenated ar-
omatic U wastes (treatment standards and recycling/
reuse); Solvents (methods of detection, biological
treatment, treatment standards, 2-nitropropane stand-
ard, and definition of wastewater and solvent mix-
tures); Electroplating wastewater treatment sludges
(wastewater definition, treatment standards, F006 sub-
category, and analytical methods); Aluminum conver-
sion coating treatment sludges (analytical methodolo-
gy, BDAT, and treatment standards).
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
Waste disposal, Mercury(Metal), Lead(Metal), Zirconi-
um, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, 'Radioactive
wastes, Waste water, Water pollution control, Perform-
ance standards, Aromatic compounds, Solvents, Mix-
tures, Halogen aliphatic compounds, Electroplating,
Aluminum coatings, 'Land disposal, 'Remedial re-
sponse, 'Best technology, Standards compliance, Pol-
lution regulations, Biological industrial waste treat-
ment, Waste utilization, Toxic substances, Waste recy-
cling.
PB90-234600/HSU	PC A11 /MF A02
Final Response to BDAT Related Commenta Doc-
ument. F025, K002-K008, K011, K013-15, K046,
K061, K069. Volume 1-K.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L Rosengrant, and R. Craig. May 90,232p EPA/530/
SW-90/061 M
See also Volume 1-J, PB90-234592 and Volume 1-L,
PB90-234618.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234477.
Contents: Wastes from production of chlorinated all-
phatics (treatment standard); Inorganic pigments (sup-
port standard, background document corrections, and
sampling frequency); Acrylonitrile (wastewater defini-
tion, acrylonitrile standard, performance data, numeri-
cal standard vs. wet air oxidation method, and data re-
quest); Still bottoms from benzal chloride (nickel
standard and organic standards); Spent antimony cat-
alyst (no comments were received for this waste
code); WW treatment sludges from manufacturing, for-
mulating, and loading of lead-based initiating com-
pounds (treatment standard, stabilization technology,
deactivation technology, waste minimization, and ana-
lytical data); Ammonia still lime sludge (no comments
were recieved for this waste code); Electric arc furnace
dust (wastewater treatment standard, high tempera-
ture metals recovery and residuals, treatment technol-
ogies for nonwastewaters, and availability of high tem-
perature metals recovery); Emission control dust/
sludge from secondary lead smelting (treatment stand-
ard).
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
Smelting, Lead(Metal), Sludge disposal, Electric arc
furnaces, Waste disposal. Pigments, Performance
standards, Sampling, Waste water, High temperature
tests, Materials recovery, Air pollution. Water pollution
control, Acrylonitriles, Oxidation, Stabilization, Deacti-
vation, Data processing, 'Best technologies, 'Land
disposal, 'Remedial response, Pollution regulations,
Standards compliance, Source reduction, Incineration.
PB90-234618/HSU	PC A12/MF A02
Final Response to BDAT Related Comments Doc-
ument K071 and K106: Mercury CeH Process
Wastes K086: Residues from Ink Production
Wastes Containing Cyanide. Volume 1-L
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L. Rosengrant, and R. Craig. May 90,251 p EPA/530/
SW-90/061 N
See also Volume 1-K, PB90-234600 and Volume 1-M,
PB90-234626.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234477.
Contents: Mercury cell process wastes (data submis-
sion only, thermal recovery standard-demonstrability,
treatment standard for K071 and K106 wastewater,
multimedia impacts, stabilization as BDAT option,
retain existing BDAT standard for K071 non-
wastewater, reconsideration of retort cutoff level, and
indigenous waste); Chlorinated hydrocarbon wastes
(no comments were received for this waste code);
Residues from ink production (treatment standards,
subcategories, total chromium vs hexavalent chromi-
um, mixture and derived-from rule, and soft hammer);
Waste leaching solution from acid leaching of emis-
sion control dust/sludge from secondary lead smelting
(no comments were received for this issue); Wastes
containing cyanide (analytical methodology, BDAT,
treatment standards, and soil/debri).
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
Residues, Waste disposal, Mercury(Metal), Cyanides,
Water pollution control, Waste water, Inks, Materials
recovery. Performance standards, Air pollution, Stabili-
zation, Land disposal, 'Best technology, 'Remedial
response, Pollution regulations, Standards compli-
ance, Incineration, Retorting, Debris, Soil contamina-
tion.
PB90-234626/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Final Response to BDAT Related Comments Doc-
ument K017/K028-K029, K095-096, K022, K025,
K035, K026, K083, K024. Volume 1-M.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L. Rosengrant, and R. Craig. May 90,183p EPA/530/
SW-90/0610
See also Volume 1-L, PB90-234618 and Volume 1-N,
PB90-234634.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234477.
Contents: Wastes from the production of epichlorohy-
drin (no comments were received for this waste code);
K028, K029, K095, K096 - Production of 1,1,1-trichlor-
oethane (nickel standard); Wastewaters containing
BDAT constituents (U and P wastewater standards
and wastewaters containing BDAT list constituents
document); Waste from the production of phenol/ace-
tone (treatment standards and use of scrubber water
data to establish wastewater treatment standards);
Distillation bottoms from the production of nitroben-
zene (treatment standards for metals, use of scrubber
water data to establish wastewater treatment stand-
ards); WW treatment sludges from the production of
creosote (use of scrubber water data to establish
wastewater treatment standards); Stripping still tails
from the production of methyl ethyl pyridine (no com-
ments were received for this waste code); Distillation
bottoms from the production of aniline (use of scrubber
water data to establish wastewater treatment stand-
ards); Oxygenated hydrocarbons and heterocyclic U
and P wastes (oxygenateds); Production of chlorinated
aliphatic hydrocarbons (treatment standards, BDAT
for nonwastewater organics, and listing definitions for
F024).
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
Waste disposal, Nitrobenzenes, Chemical industry,
Nickel, Chlorohydrocarbons, Phenols, Metals, Industri-
al wastes, Waste water, Water pollution control, Per-
formance standards, Chlorine aliphatic compounds,
Biodeterioration, Acetone, Air pollution control, 'Land
disposal, 'Remedial response, 'Best technology,
Dioxins, Furans, Pollution regulations, Standards com-
pliance, Ethane/trichloro, Biological industrial waste
treatment.
PB90-234634/HSU	PC A10/MF A02
Final Response to BDAT Related Commenta Doc-
ument Halogenated Organic Wastes. Volume 1-N.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L. Rosengrant, and R. Craig. May 90,211 p EPA/530/
SW-90/061 P
See also Volume 1-M, PB90-234626 and Volume 1-0,
PB90-234642.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234477.
Contents: Halogenated organic, pharmaceutical, bro-
minated organic, organo-sulfur compound, and
organo-nitrogen compound wastes (halogenated ali-
phatics, oraanonitrogen compounds, bromTnated com-
pounds); Treatment methods as treatment standards;
Thermal treatment/fuel substitution; PQL/analytical
issues; Miscellaneous halogenateds; Organosulfur
compounds; Halogenated pesticide and chloroben-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
zene, halogenated phenolic, and phenolic wastes
(phenolics and K085).
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
Waste disposal, Potable water, Halogen organic com-
pounds, Nitrogen organic compounds, Sulfur organic
compounds, Drugs, Waste water, Water pollution con-
trol, Performance standards, Air pollution control, Acti-
vated carbon treatment, Adsorption, Substitutes,
'Land disposal, 'Remedial response, 'Best technolo-
gy, Incineration, Pollution regulations, Standards com-
pliance, Fuel substitution, Bromine compounds, Bio-
logical industrial waste treatment.
PB90-234642/HSU	PC A10/MF A02
Final Response to BOAT Related Comments Doc-
ument. K043-K052, K036, K037. Volume 1-0.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L. Rosengrant, and R. Craig. May 90,205p EPA/530/
SW-90/061Q
See also Volume 1-N, PB90-234634 and Volume 1-P,
PB90-234659.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234477.
Contents: Petroleum refining industry wastes (basis for
BDAT selection, BDAT treatment standards, variability
of wastes used to establish BDAT treatment stand-
ards, treatment data, and general regulatory com-
ments); Organophosphorous wastes (non-
wastewaters); WW treatment sludges from the produc-
tion of disulfoton.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
Waste disposal, Petroelum refining, Industrial wastes,
Solvent extraction, Performance standards, Water pol-
lution control, Waste water, Data processing, 'Land
disposal, 'Best technology, 'Remedial response, Pol-
lution standards, Standards compliance.
PB90-234659/HSU	PC A14/MF A02
Final Response to BDAT Related Comments Doc-
ument. Leachates. Volume 1-P.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Rosengrant, and R. Craig. May 90,317p EPA/530/
See aiso Voiijme 1-0, PB90-234642 and Volume 1-Q,
HB90-234667.
Alsoavailabie in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234477.
Contents: Options; Definition; Dioxin; Analysis and
monitonng; Standards; Permitting; Allow combination
of leachates to facilitate treatment; Supplemental
notice; Characterization of wastes placed in pre-RCRA
units; Clarification of 'contaminated with' regarding
multisource leachate and groundwater; Use of effluent
guidelines database; Delay in mulisource leachate
rule; De minimus exemptions, and BDAT vs. BAT efflu-
ent guidelines.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
Waste disposal, Leaching, Performance standards,
Water pollution control, Waste water, Pesticides, Air
pollution control, Revisions, Guidelines, "Best technol-
ogy, 'Land disposal, 'Remedial response, Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, Dioxins, Pol-
lution sources, Pollution regulations, Standards com-
pliance, Furans, Environmental monitoring, Permits.
PB90-234667/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Final Response to BDAT Related Comments Doc-
ument. Volume 1-Q.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
L. Rosengrant, and R. Craig. May 90,58p EPA/530/
SW-90/061 S
See also Volume 1-P, PB90-234659.
Also available in set of 19 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234477.
Contents: Thermal and caustic solution destruction as
alternatives to gas cylinder recovery; Numerical stand-
ards for gas wastes in nongaseous forms; Treatment
methods for U115 (ethylene oxide); Treatment meth-
ods for U115 (ethylene oxide) nonwastewaters.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
Gases, Waste disposal, Substitutes, Gas cylinders,
Materials recovery, Numerical analysis, Performance
standards, Activated carbon treatment, Waste water,
Water pollution, Air pollution, Ethylene oxide, Oxida-
tion, 'Land disposal, 'Best technology, 'Remedial re-
sponse, Pollution regulations, Standards compliance,
Technology utilization, Incineration.
PB90-234675/HSU	PC E99/MF E99
Background Document for Third Third Wastes to
Support 40 CFR Part 268 Land Disposal Restric-
tions. Final Rule. Third Third Waste Volumes,
Characteristics, and Required and Available
Treatment Capacity.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
May 90,1018p-in 4v
Set includes PB90-234683 through PB90-234717.
No abstract available.
PB90-234683/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Background Document for Third Third Wastes to
Support 40 CFR Part 268 Land Disposal Restric-
tions. Final Rule. Third Third Waste Volumes,
Characteristics, and Required and Available
Treatment Capacity. Volume 1. Executive Summa-
ry. Chapter 1 and Chapter 2.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
May 90,133p EPA/530/SW-90/062A
See also Volume 2, PB90-234691.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234675.
The document presents the estimates of the quantities
of wastes that will require alternative treatment and re-
covery prior to land disposal.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Substitutes, Materi-
als recovery, Waste disposal, Solvents, Radioactive
wastes, Capacity, Waste treatment, Mixtures, Industri-
al wastes, Chemical compounds, Pigments, Acryloni-
triles, Injection, Ignition, Corrosive mechanisms,
Chemical reactions, Pesticides, Metals, 'Land dispos-
al, 'Waste management, 'Best technology, Soil con-
tamination, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
of 1976, Pollution regulations, Legal aspects, Dioxins,
Waste recycling, Pollution sources, Waste storage,
Underground disposal, Toxic substances, Waste utili-
zation, Debris.
PB90-234691/HSU	PC A19/MF A03
Background Document lor Third Third Wastes to
Support 40 CFR Part 268 Land Disposal Restric-
tions. Final Rule. Third Third Waste Volumes,
Characteristics, and Rsquired and Available
Treatment Capacity. Volume 2. Chapter 3.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
May 90,447p EPA/530/SW-90/062B
See also Volume 1, PB90-234683 and Volume 3,
PB90-234709.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234675.
The section presents the results of the analyses of re-
quired capacity for each alternative technology on a
waste code-specific basis for the wastes in the final
Third Third rule.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Waste disposal,
Water pollution control, Waste water, Capacity, Waste
treatment, Radioactive wastes, Industrial wastes,
Drugs, Tables(Data), Materials recovery, Substitutes,
Chemical compounds, Metals, Pesticides, 'Land dis-
posal, 'Waste management, 'Best technology, Pollu-
tion regulations, Standards compliance, Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, Waste utiliza-
tion, Technology utilization, Waste recycling, Toxic
substances, Incineration.
PB90-234709/HSU	PC A12/MF A02
Background Document for Third Third Wastes to
Support 40 CFR Part 268 Land Disposal Restric-
tion*. Final Rule. Third Third Wast* Volumes,
Characteristics, and Rsquired and Available
Treatment Capacity. Volume 3. Chapter 4. Appen-
dix A-Appendlx I.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
May 90,262p EPA/530/SW-90/062C
See also Volume 2, PB90-234691 and Volume 4,
PB90-234717.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99/MF E99
PB90-234675.
The section of the background document presents a
detailed discussion of the methodology (approach)
and rationale for the capacity analyses supporting the
final rule.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Capacity, Waste dis-
posal, Leaching, Industrial wastes. Water pollution
control, Waste water, Mixtures, Volume, Comparison,
Combustion, Radioactive wastes, Waste treatment
Substitutes, Materials recovery, Revisions!
Tables(Data), 'Land disposal, 'Waste management!
"Best technology, Resource Conservation and Recov-
ery Act of 1976, Pollution regulations, Standards com-
pliance, Pollution sources, Waste utilization. Waste re-
cycling, Waste storage, Incineration.
PB90-234717/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Background Document for Third Third Wastes to
Support 40 CFR Part 268 Land Disposal Restric-
tions. Final Rule. Third Third Waste Volumes,
Characteristics, and Required and Available
Treatment Capacity. Volume 4. Appendix J-Ad-
pendlx M.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
May 90,176p EPA/530/SW-90/062D
See also Volume 3, PB90-234709.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99/MF E99
PB90-234675.
The appendix discusses EPA's sludge/solid combus-
tion capacity verification analysis.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Waste disposal,
Waste treatment, Capacity, Chlorination, Sludge dis-
posal, Combustion, Injection, Tables(Data), Substi-
tutes, Materials recovery, 'Land disposal, 'Waste
management, 'Best technology, Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act of 1976, Pollution regulations
Standards compliance, Permits, Incineration, Under-
ground disposal, Waste recycling, Waste utilization.
PB90-234725/HSU	PC E9S/MF EM
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. DC
Office of Solid Waste.
Response to Comments Background Document
for the Third Third Land Disposal Restrictions
Proposed Rule November 22,1989, (54 FR 48372).
ICF, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
8 May 90,1002p-in 3v
Set includes PB90-234733 through PB90-234758.Por-
tions of this document are not fully legible. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. DC
Office of Solid Waste.
No abstract available.
PB90-234733/HSU	PC A18/MF A03
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. DC
Office of Solid Waste.
Response to Comments Background Document
for the Third Third Land Disposal Restrictions
Proposed Rule November 22, 1989 (54 FR 48372V
Volume 2-1. Capacity Related Comments.
ICF, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
8 May 90,406p EPA/530/SW-90/063A
See also Volume 2-2, PB90-234741.Portions of this
document are not fully legible. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of
Solid Waste.
Also available in set of 3 reports, PC E99/MF E9S
PB90-234725.
On November 22,1989, the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA, the Agency) proposed a rule to prohibit
the land disposal of the final third of the schedule of re-
stricted hazardous wastes, known as the Third Third
(see 54 'Federal Register' 48372). The proposal out-
lined treatment standards and effective dates of prohi-
bition for these wastes as well as for some First and
Second Third 'soft hammer' wastes, characteristic
wastes, certain waste groups (e.g., multi-source leach-
ate, radioactive mixed waste), and newly listed wastes.
The proposed rule was issued pursuant to the 1984
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWAlto
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). The Agency requested public comment on
the proposal. The regulated community, environmental
organizations, trade associations, State and Federal
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
agencies, and concerned citizens submitted over 300
written letters on the proposed rule. EPA developed
three volumes of a comment response document. This
document (Volume 2 of 3) presents a summary of and
responses to capacity-related comments received by
the EPA docket clerk in response to the proposed rule.
The comments have been divided into 17 chapters,
each addressing specific comment categories. This
volume covers Chapters 1-7. The chapters discuss
combustion, ignitabie wastes, reactive wastes, ar-
senic, selenium, and lead wastes.
Keywords'. 'Hazardous materials, * Waste treatment,
'Waste disposal, 'Capacity, Performance standards,
Public opinion, State government, Forecasting, Study
estimates, Metals, Arsenic, Sulfides, Cyanides, Explo-
sives, Load management, Combustion efficiency, Igni-
tion, Corrosion, Waste water, Water pollution, Seleni-
um, Lead(Metal), 'Land pollution abatement, 'Reme-
dial response, Incineration, Federal agencies, Land
disposal, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Standards compliance, Best technology.
PB90-234741/HSU	PC A12/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Response to Comments Background Document
for the Third Third Land Disposal Restriction*
Proposed Rule November 22, 1989 (54 FR 48372).
Volume 2-2. Capacity Related Comments.
ICF, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
8 May 90,275p EPA/530/SW-90/063B
See also Volume 2-1, PB90-234733 and Volume 2-3,
PB90-234758.Portions of this document are not fully
legible. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
AIm available in set of 3 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234725.
On November 22,1989, the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA, the Agency) proposed a rule to prohibit
the land disposal of the final third of the schedule of re-
stricted hazardous wastes, known as the Third Third
(see 54 'Federal Register' 48372). The proposal out-
lined treatment standards and effective dates of prohi-
bition tor these wastes as well as for some First and
Second Third 'soft hammer' wastes, characteristic
wastes, certain waste groups (e.g., multi-source leach-
ate, radioactive mixed waste), and newly listed wastes.
The proposed rule was issued pursuant to the 1984
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) to
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). The Agency requested public comment on
the proposal. The regulated community, environmental
organizations, trade associations, State and Federal
agencies, and concerned citizens submitted over 300
written letters on the proposed rule. EPA developed
three volumes of a comment response document this
document (Volume 2 of 3) presents a summary of and
responses to capacity-related comments received by
the EPA docket clerk in response to the proposed rule.
The comments have been divided into 17 chapters,
each addressing specific comment categories. This
volume contains Chapters 8-12. These chapters dis-
cuss mercury wastes, other metals, F, K, U, and P
wastes, K048-K052 wastes, and deepwell injected
wastes.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
'Waste disposal, 'Capacity, Performance standards,
Public opinion, State government, Forecasting, Study
estimates, Load management, Deep wells, Water pol-
lution, Explosives, Mercury(Metals), Metals, Cadmium,
Cyanides, Waste water, Combustion efficiency, 'Land
pollution abatement, 'Remedial response, Dioxfns,
Furans, Federal agencies, Land disposal, Resource
Conservation and Hecovery Act, Standards compli-
ance, Incineration, Waste utilization, Best technology.
PB90-234768/HSU	PC A14/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Response to Comment* Background Document
for the Third Third Land OI*po*al Restrictions
Proposed Rule November 22,1MS (54 FR 4B372).
Volume 2-3. Capacity Related Comments.
ICF, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
8 May 90,321 p EPA/530/SW-90/083C
See also Volume 2-2, PB90-234741. Portions of this
document are not fully legible. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of
Solid Waste.
Also available In set of 3 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-234725.
On November 22,1989, the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA, the Agency) proposed a rule to prohibit
the land disposal of the final third of the schedule of re-
stricted hazardous wastes, known as the Third Third
(see 54 'Federal Register' 48372). The proposal out-
lined treatment standards and effective dates of prohi-
bition for these wastes as well as for some First and
Second Third 'soft hammer' wastes, characteristic
wastes, certain waste groups (e.g., multi-source leach-
ate, radioactive mixed waste), and newly listed wastes.
The proposed rule was issued pursuant to the 1984
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) to
the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA). The Agency requested public comment on
the proposal. The regulated community, environmental
organizations, trade associations, State and Federal
agencies, and concerned citizens submitted over 300
written letters on the proposed rule. EPA developed
three volumes of a comment response document. This
document (Volume 2 of 3) presents a summary of and
responses to capacity-related comments received by
the EPA docket clerk in response to the proposed rule.
The comments have been divided into 17 chapters,
each addressing specific comment categories. This
volume covers Chapters 13-17. The chapters discuss
multisource leachates, radioactive waste, mixtures, lab
packs, soil and debris, and miscellaneous capacity
comments.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
'Waste disposal, 'Capacity, Study estimates, Perform-
ance standards, State government, Leaching, Radio-
active materials, Mixtures, Water pollution, Waste
waters, Laboratories, Refuse disposal, Combustion ef-
ficiency, Metals, Load management, 'Land pollution
abatement, 'Remedial response, Standards compli-
ance, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Soil
contamination, Incineration, Land disposal, Federal
agencies, Best technology.
PB90-234766/HSU	PC A20/MF A03
Background Document Response to Comments
on the Third Third Land Disposal Restrictions
Proposed Rule, November 22,1989 (54 FR 48372).
Volume 3. Policy Related Comments.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
8 May 90,461p* EPA/530-SW-90-064
On November 22, 1989, the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA, the Agency) proposed a rule to prohibit
the land disposal of the final third of the schedule of re-
stricted hazardous wastes, known as the Third Third.
The proposal outlined treatment standards and effec-
tive dates of prohibition for these wastes as well as for
some First and Second Third 'soft hammer' wastes,
characteristic wastes, certain waste groups (e.g.,
multisource leachate, radioactive mixed waste), and
newly listed wastes. The proposed rule was issued
pursuant to the 1984 Hazardous and Solid Waste
Amendments (HSWA) to the Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act (RCRA). The Agency requested
public comment on the proposal. The regulated com-
munity, environmental organizations, trade associa-
tions, State and Federal agencies, and concerned citi-
zens submitted over 300 written letters on the pro-
posed rule. EPA developed three volumes of a com-
ment response document. The document (Volume 3 of
3) presents a summary of and responses to comments
received by the EPA docket clerk up to (and after) the
end of the public comment period on January 8,1990.
Keyworde: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment.
Government policies, Responses, Waste disposal,
Standards, 'Land disposal, 'Remedial response,
'Public opinion, Technology utilization, Resource Con-
servation and Recovery Act Pollution regulations.
Lists. US EPA.
PB90-2360M/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Summary of the 1988 EPA National Performance
Audit Program on Sourcs Measurements. Final
rept
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
seaement Lflb.
E. W. Strelb. Jul 90,33p EPA/600/3-90/050
In 1988, the Quality Assurance Division conducted the
National Audits for Stationary Source Test Methods.
The audit materials consisted of: a disposable gas cyl-
inder for Method 3 (Orsat analyzer), a calibrated orifice
for Method 5 (DGM only), five simulated liquid samplea
each for Method 6 (S02) and Method 7 (NOx), and two
coal samples for Method 19. Participating laboratories
sent their data to the Source Branch and in return re-
ceived a written report comparing their results to
EPA's. In the Method 3 audit, each parameter had only
one concentration. The mean for C02 was 4.2% from
the expected (EPA) value. The mean for 02 was 0.4%.
In the Method 5 audit, the mean value for all partici-
pants differed by 3.1 % from the expected value. For
the Method 6 audit, the average mean differed by
3.9% from the expected value, and in the Method 7
audit, the average mean differed by 23.7%. In the two
coal audits, the parameters measured were sulfur,
moisture, ash, and Btu content. On the average, for the
sulfur analysis, 91% of the participants measured
within 10% of the expected value; for Btu, 97% of the
participants measured within 10% of the expected
value.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, Statistical analysis, Au-
diting, Quality assurance, Comparison, Standards,
Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Carbon dioxide,
Oxygen, Coals, Performance evaluation, 'Air pollution
detection, 'National Performance Audit Program,
'Stationary sources, Pollution sources, Research and
development, Standards compliance, EPA method 3,
EPA method 5, EPA method 6, EPA method 7, EPA
method 19.
PB90-235094/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Development and Selection of Ammonia Emission
Factors for the 1985 NAPAP Emissions Inventory.
Final rept. Aug 87-Dec 89.
Alliance Technologies Corp., Chapel Hill, NC.
T. E. Warn, S. Zelmanowitz, and M. Saeger. Jun 90,
57p EPA/600/7-90/014
Contract EPA-68-02-4374
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report, prepared for the National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program (NAPAP), identifies the most ap-
propriate ammonia (NH3) emission factors available
for inclusion in the 1985 NAPAP Emissions Inventory.
NH3 emission factors developed for several new
NAPAP source categories were compared with factors
developed for other inventories. Although many of the
NH3 emission factors presented in the report have low
quality ratings, those factors determined to be the
most accurate for each category were selected for ap-
plication to the Inventory. Emissions factors and esti-
mates of NH3 emissions are included for human
breath, cigarette smoke, and human perspiration but,
for reasons discussed, are not included in the Invento-
ry. NH3 emissions from wildlife excrement were inves-
tigated; while there is not universal agreement, the
report and other NAPAP research conclude that the
net contribution to ambient NH3 is zero. The total NH3
emissions included in the Inventory are 1,685,473 tons
per year. The most significant NH3 sources, account-
ing for 83% of the total emissions, were livestock
wastes, wastewater treatment, and ammonium nitrate
manufacture.
Keywords: 'Ammonia, 'Air pollution, Comparison,
Sewage treatment, Industrial wastes, Ammonium ni-
trate, Livestock, Study estimates, 'Emission invento-
ries, 'Emission factors, Comprehensive planning, Pol-
lution sources, Acid rain, National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program, Animal wastes, Manure.
PB90-235102/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Development of a Data Bate on Chemical Migra-
tion from Polymeric Materials. Protect rept. Sep 88-
Sep 89.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
R. Goydan, A. A. Hawkins, and A. D. Schwope. Jun 90,
62p EPA/600/2-90/029
Contract EPA-68-03-3293
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab., and
Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC.
Center for Food safety and Applied Nutrition.
A data base was designed and constructed to organize
and access data on the migration of chemical sub-
stances from polymeric materials. The data base was
developed under an interagency agreement between
the U.S. EPA and the FDA. The data base win facilitate
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
the thorough and efficient review of chemical migration
data and enable the EPA and FDA to maintain an up-
to-date compilation of such data. The migration data
base was developed using a commercial software
package, Advanced Revelation, and runs on IBM per-
sonal computers and compatibles. Data elements in-
clude the identity of the polymer and migrant(s), the
experimental conditions of the migration test, the diffu-
sion coefficient, and the amounts migrated as a func-
tion of time, and the data source citation. Data extrac-
tion guidelines and data base features for data entry,
editing, searching, and reporting were developed
basedon EPA/FDA operational requirements. All data
entered into the data base were extracted from the
published literature and FDA indirect food additive pe-
tition files. Migration data were entered from ninety ci-
tations and include data for 26 polymers and 81 mi-
grants and adjuvants. A User Manual providing de-
tailed user instructions was also prepared.
Keywords: 'Polymers, 'Packaging, Food additives,
Food contamination, Diffusion coefficient, Plastics, Air
pollution, Water pollution, Protective clothing, Chemi-
cal effluents, Tabtes(Oata), 'Data bases, Migration
length.
PB90-235425/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Light-Duty Automotive Technology and Fuel
Economy Trends through 1990. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml. Con-
trol Technology and Applications Branch.
R. M. Heavenrich, and J. D. Murrell. Jun 90,32p EPA/
AA/CTAB-90/03
Supersedes PB89-215396.
Trends in motor vehicle technology and fuel economy
usage for light-duty cars and trucks model years 1975
to 1990 are examined. Trends by vehicle size and
market segment are also included.
Keywords: "Motor vehicles, 'Fuel consumption,
Trends, Automobile engines, Automotive fuels, Trucks
Automobiles, Truck engines, Exhaust gases, Technol-
ogy assessment, Thermal efficiency, US EPA.
PB90-235714/HSU	PC A10/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
Variability of l/M Test Score* over Time.
Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX.
L. R. Smith. Sep 88,213p EPA/460/3-88/008
Contract EPA-68-03-4044
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Ann
Arbor, Ml. Emission Control Technology Div.
The program involved conducting twice-weekly l/M
(Inspection and Maintenance) emission short tests on
twenty-five late model gasoline-fueled vehicles over a
15-week time period. All of the twenty-five vehicles
(1981 model year or later) were tested once in the
morning and again later that same day following a
soak period of at least three hours. The vehicles tested
in the program were owned by Southwest Research
Institute employees and were selected to represent a
variety of vehicle types, emission controls, etc. Emis-
sion tests were conducted using two Bear Automotive
Type 42-925 4-Gas Infrared Analyzers with generic
software. Each emission test sequence included a
'Test Analyzer Specifications' ('TAS') sequence (i.e.,
2500 rpm/idle test with emissions measured in both
modes), a vehicle conditioning step utilizing three min-
utes of engine operation at 2500 + or - 300 rpm with
the vehicle transmission in neutral, idling in neutral for
15 seconds, and finally a second TAS sequence. The
tests were conducted to provide EPA with information
regarding variability In short test emission results,
impact of off-idle no-load preconditioning cycles on
short test emissions, and emission differences be-
tween a fully-warmed vehicle and a 'soaked' vehicle
having undergone minimum operation. Hydrocarbon
and carbon monoxide emissions are reported for each
vehicle in tabular and graphical form. Hydrocarbons
are reported in ppm ana carbon monoxide in percent.
Keywords: 'Exhaust emissions, Time series analysis,
Concentration(Composition), Hydrocarbons, Caroon
monoxide, Tables(Data), 'Air pollution sampling,
'Motor vehicle inspection, 'Motor vehicle mainte-
nance, Emission factors.
angle Park, NC.
Development of a Sampling Procedure for Large
Nitrogen- and Sulfur-Bearing Aerosols.
Kansas Univ., Lawrence. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
S. J. Randtke, D. D. Lane, and T. E. Baxter. Jun 90,
124p EPA/600/3-90/048
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
So that reliable estimates of the loads of nitrogen and
sulfur associated with dry deposition can be made, sci-
entists at the U.S. EPA and elsewhere have been
working to develop quantitative methods to sample
and analyze the major nitrogen- and sulfur-containing
species present in gaseous and aerosol form in ambi-
ent air. The objective of the research investigation was
to develop a sampling procedure for large aerosols
that would: (1) permit accurate determination of the
mass and chemical composition of large particles
present in ambient air over a 24-hour period; (2)
employ a device that could be used in conjunction with
an annular denuder and filter pack without interference
in the determination of the gaseous and fine-particle
constituents; (3) avoid the formation of chemical arti-
facts; and (4) be simple enough to deploy in a nation-
wide monitoring network.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, 'Deposition, Acids, Particles,
Chemical	analysis,	Fines,
Concentration(Composition), Sites, Performance eval-
uation, Design criteria, Air filters, Anions, 'Air pollution
sampling, "Air pollution detection, 'Dry methods, Ion
chromatography, Air samplers, Impactors, Denuders.
PB90-235797/HSU	PC A13/MF A02
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Laboratory Investigation of Residual Liquid Or-
ganlcs from Spllla, Leak*, and the Disposal of
Hazardous Wastes In Groundwater. Final rept. Apr
86-Aug 89.
New Mexico Inst, of Mining and Technology, Socorro.
J. L. Wilson, S. H. Conrad. W. R. Mason, W. Peplinski,
and E. Hagan. Aug 89,285p EPA/600/6-90/004
Prepared in cooperation with New Mexico Water Re-
sources Research Inst., Las Cruces. Sponsored by
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Organic liquids that are essentially immiscible with
water migrate through the subsurface through the in-
fluence of capillary, viscous and buoyancy forces. Four
experimental methods were employed. First, quantita-
tive displacement experiments using short soil col-
umns; second, additional quantitative displacement
experiments using long soil columns; third, pore and
blob casts; and fourth, etched glass micromodels were
used to visually observe dynamic multi-phase dis-
placement processes in pore networks. It was found
that the spatial distribution and saturation of organic
liquid within the porous media depends on a variety of
factors, including: (1) the fluid properties of interfacial
tension, viscosity, and density; (2) soil structure and
heterogeneity; (3) the number of fluid phases present;
and (4) the fluid flow rates. Photomicrographs on a
pore scale show that the residual organic liquid ap-
pears as blobs, films, rings, and wedges of microscop-
ic size. The size, shape, and spatial distribution of
these blobs, films, rings, and wedges affects the disso-
lution of organic liquid into the water phase, volatiliza-
tion into the air phase, and the adsorption and biode-
gradation of organic components. These four process-
es are of concern in the prediction of pollution migra-
tion and the design of aquifer remediation schemes.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Water pollution
control, 'Organic compounds, 'Ground water, Liquid
phases, Transport properties, Experimental design,
Soil properties, Siodeteriation, Adsorption, Under-
ground storage, Hydraulics, Leakage, 8uoyancy,
Aquifers, Spatial distribution, Fluid mechanics, Capil-
larity, Viscosity, 'Land pollution, Vadose zone, Chemi-
cal spills. Soil gases.
PB90-235805/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Wetlands Protection.
Manual for Assessment of Bottomland Hardwood
Function*. Miscellaneous rept. (Final).
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vlcks-
bura, MS.
P. R. Adamus, and R. D. Smith. Jun 90,88p EPA/600/
3-90/053
Prepared In cooperation with NSI Technology Services
Corp., Corvallis, OR. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Wetlands
Protection.
The manual outlines a procedure for qualitatively as-
sessing the functions and values of bottomland hard-
woods (BLH). The procedure is based on the Wetland
Evaluation Technique (WET) and is referred to as
WET-BLH. Wetland functions are the physical, chemi-
cal, and biological characteristics and processes of a
wetland. Wetland values are the results of wetland
functions that are beneficial to society. WET-BLH eval-
uates the following functions: ground water discharge,
floodflow alteration, sediment stabilization, sediment/
toxicant retention, nutrient removal/transformation,
production export, finfish habitat, crayfish habitat, and
wildlife habitat, and the following values: ecological
significance, economic significance, cultural and recre-
ational significance. WET-BLH evaluates functions in
terms of effectiveness and opportunity, and values in
terms of social significance.
Keywords: 'Hardwoods, 'Wetlands, Manuals,
Trees(Plants), Assessments, Social effect, Environ-
mental impacts, 'Terrestrial ecosystems, 'Natural re-
sources management.
PB90-235847/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Validation of Emission Test Method for PCDD*
and PCDF* II.
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
J. C. Pau, A. A. Romeu, M. Whitacre, and J. T. Coates.
Jun 90,61p EPA/600/3-90/047
Contract EPA-68-02-4395
See also PB90-187246. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Lab.
A modified EPA Method 5 (MM5) sampling train and a
dynamic spiking system were used to characterize the
precision and accuracy of the collection and analysis
of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and pol-
ychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDFs) in municipal
waste combustor (MWC) emissions. Isotopically la-
beled PCDD and PCDF compounds were dynamically
spiked into the sampling train during the MWC flue gas
sampling in addition to the spikes directly into the XAD-
2 resin component of the MM5 sampling train just prior
to sampling. The results from the study indicate that
the sampling trains provide quantitative and reproduci-
ble measurements of PCDDs and PCDFs under the
conditions used during the study. Accuracy of the
measurements, estimated from the dynamic spiking
system, ranged from 77.6% to 117%. The pooled rela-
tive standard deviations of the difference in recovery
were between 5.77% to 12.3% for different com-
pounds.
Keywords: 'Incinerators, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Flue
gases, 'Gas analysis, 'Air pollution, Toluene, Sam-
pling, Performance evaluation, Solvent extraction, lao-
topic labeling, Gas chromatography, Samplers, Meas-
urement, Accuracy, Field tests, Tables(Data), Poly-
chlorinated dlbenzodioxins, Polychlorinated dibenzo-
furans, Thermal spikes, Stacks.
PB90-235854/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Laboratory Method to Est! mats Hydrogen Chlo-
ride Emission Potential Before Incineration of a
Wast*. Final rept.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. R. Peterson, J. R. Albritton, and R. K. M. Jayanty.
Jul 90,49p EPA/600/3-90/054
Contracts EPA-68-02-4442, EPA-68-02-4550
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
A laboratory method has been developed to provide
an estimate of the amount of hydrogen chloride gas
that will form during incineration of a waste. The
method involves incineration of a sample of the waste
at 900 C in a tube furnace, removal of particles from
the resulting gases by filtration at 250 F (120 C), col-
lection of hydrogen chloride gas in a water-filled im-
pinger, and measurement of the collected HCI as chlo-
ride using a standard ion chromatography/conducti-
metric detection method. Duplicate experimental runs
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
were conducted with quartz and with INCONEL com-
ponents in the incineration zone of the apparatus. The
two materials gave quite different results, which indi-
cates some surface phenomenon may be involved.
Results with quartz components indicated that organ-
ochlorine is essentially completely converted to HCI.
Very ionic inorganic chlorides (e.g., KCI and NaCI)
formed little or no HCI when incinerated in zero grade
air (3ppm water and 1 ppm total hydrocarbon) but gave
large amounts of HCI (20-80% conversion) if the incin-
eration atmosphere contained 2.4-5.0% water vapor,
which contains hydrogen for HCI formation. Results
with less ionic inorganic chloride (FeCI3) and with chlo-
rine in a positive oxidation state (NaCI solution) indicat-
ed significant conversion to HCI, especially in the pres-
ence of hydrogen from water vapor. In all cases, the
presence of water vapor increased the amount of HCI
formed, but INCONEL was judged less suitable than
quartz because INCONEL gave low recovery of organ-
ohalogenaa HCI.
Keywords: 'Hydrogen chloride, 'Waste disposal,
Study estimates, Experimental design,
Concentration(Composition), Gas analysis, Combus-
tion chambers, Performance evaluation, Oxidation,
Sample preparation, Laboratory equipment, 'Inciner-
ation, 'Air pollution detection, Conductivity meters, Ion
chromatography.
PB90-235862/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Summary of the Workshop on the Effect* of Air
Pollutants on Regional Climate. Held In Rouge-
mont, NC. on January 29-February 1,1984.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
R. J. Charlson, and W. E. Wilson. Jul 90,82p EPA/
600/9-90/030
Prepared in cooperation with Washington Univ., Seat-
tle, and Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
A workshop was held to consider the reduction of sun-
light caused by aerosols In the atmosphere in terms of
the quantity of solar energy lost or redistributed and
the possible significance of such a phenomena. The
workshop examined possible air pollution, meteorolog-
ical, and agricultural effects. Discussions within the
workshop yielded a consensus on several items: (1) in
the eastern United States the annual average loss of
solar energy reaching the earth's surface due to aero-
sols is around 7%; (2) sulfate and soot-containing aer-
osols are the chief contributors to this effect; (3) most
of these aerosols result from man-made sources and
(4) measurements of the composition, concentrations,
and optical properties of the haze quantitatively con-
firm the estimate of 7%. The workshop also confirmed
that the geographical extent of loss of irradiance is
roughly from the Mississippi River to the Atlantic coast
and from Tennessee to southeastern Canada. This
region is about 1000 km across and has an area of
about 1,000,000 sq km. Recommendation for future
research are given.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Climatic changes, 'Air pollu-
tion, 'Haze, Aerosols, Meteorology, Agricultural engi-
neering, Solar radiation, Optical properties, Recom-
mendations, Research projects, Clouds, Chemical
composition, Concentratlon(Composition), Forecast-
ing, Air pollution effects(Plants), Regional analysis,
Eastern Region(United States).
PB90-235870/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Declelon (EPA Region 10):
Silver Mountain Mine, WA. (First Remedial Action),
March 1600. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, IX.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
27 Mar 90,49p EPA/ROD/R10-90/022
The five-acre Silver Mountain Mine site Is an aban-
doned mine dump in Okanogan County, north-central
Washington. Land in the site vicinity is used primarily
for cattle grazing, and the nearest well, two miles
away, is used for cattle watering and irrigation. The
nearest residence is three miles south of the site. Op-
erations at the mine were initiated In 1902 to extract
silver, gold, and copper from soil and ore. From 1980
to 1981, a cyanide leach heap of previously mined ma-
terial was constructed In an attempt to extract (leach
out) silver and gold. The heap consisted of 5,300 tons
of ore on top of a 20 ml plastic liner. About 4,400
pounds of sodium cyanide was mixed with water and
sprayed on the top of the heap. The cyanide-laden ef-
fluent was then collected in a leachate pond at the
base of the heap. The heap leaching operation was
abandoned in late 1981 without cleanup of contami-
nated material. In addition, approximately 5,200 tons
of unprocessed mixed material (mine dump) lie to the
west of the leach heap. In 1982, the State took action
to treat the cyanide at the site using sodium hypochlo-
rite to partially neutralize the leachate pond and heap.
In 1985, the State conducted a site stabilization effort,
which included removal of liquids from the leachate
pond and installation of a 33 ml plastic cover over the
heap and pond.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, Site surveys. Licenses,
Public health, Water pollution, Solid waste disposal,
Arsenic, Cyanides, Cost analysis, Mining, 'Superfund
program, Silver Mountain Mine(Washington), Liquid
waste disposal, Leachate, Record of Decision, First
Remedial Action, Okanogan County(Washington).
PB90-235896/HSU	PC A04
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 5):
Janesvllle Old Landfill, Wl. (First Remedial
Action), December 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Dec 89,69p EPA/ROD/R05-90/120
See also PB90-235904.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The Janesville Old Landfill site is being remediated
concurrently with the Janesville Ash Beds site and two
nearby, non-NPL sites, the Janesville Old Dump and
the Janesville New Landfill sites. These four sites com-
prise the 65-acre Janesville Disposal Facility (JDF) in
Janesville, Wisconsin. The 18-acre Janesville Old
Landfill site was operated from 1963 to 1978, accept-
ing both municipal and industrial wastes. The site was
capped with silty sand and sandy clay at the time of
closure in 1978, but was subsequently shown to be
contributing to air and ground water contamination. A
1986 Consent Order authorized that the four sites
comprising the JDF would be addressed in one reme-
dial investigation under the joint authority of CERCLA
and RCRA. The primary contaminants of concern af-
fecting the ground water and air are VOCs including
benzene, PCE, and TCE; and metals including arsenic.
Remedial activities at the JDF site will be implemented
at three of the sites and include treating the landfill gas
by extraction and flaring, upgrading the landfill cap,
and air monitoring at the Old Landfill site.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste
disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Air pollution,
Ground water. Industrial wastes. Sludge disposal,
Metals, Benzene, Toluene, Vinyl chloride, Capping,
Drainage, Gases, Extraction, 'Superfund, Record of
Decision,	First remedial action,
* Janesvllle(Wisconsin), Volatile organic compounds.
PB90-235904/HSU	PC A06
Superfund Record of Declelon (EPA Region BY.
Janesville Ash Beds, Wl. (First Remsdlal Action),
December 1989. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Dec 89,103p EPA/ROD/R05-90/119
See also PB90-235896.Portions of this document are
not fully legible.
The Janesville Ash Beds site is being remediated con-
currently with the Janesville Old Landfill site and two
nearby, non-NPL sites, the Janesville Old Dump and
the Janesville New Landfill sites. These four sites com-
prise the 65-acre Janesville Disposal Facility (JDF) in
Janesville, Wisconsin. The Janesville Ash Beds (JAB)
site, which is RCRA regulated, operated from 1974 to
1985 and consisted of five ash beds in which industrial
liquids and sludges were deposited and allowed to
evaporate or dry. The 16-acre Janesville New Landfill
site was operated from 1978 to 1985 and accepted
municipal and industrial wastes. The second additional
site is the 15-acre Janesville Old Dump site which was
operated from 1950 to 1963 as a general refuse dump.
Trie primary contaminants of concern affecting the
ground water and air are VOCs including benzene,
PCE, and TCE; and metals including arsenic. Remedial
activities at the JDF site will be implemented at three
of the sites and include upgrading the landfill cap, and
providing site drainage as needed, at the JAB site;
treating the landfill gas by extraction and flaring, up-
grading the landfill cap, and air monitoring at the Old
Landfill site.
Keywords: "Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste
disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Air pollution,
Ground water, Industrial wastes. Sludge disposal,
Metals, Benzene, Toluene, Vinyl chloride, Capping,
Drainage, Gases, Extraction, 'Superfund, Record of
Decision, First Remedial Action,
'Janesville(Wisconsin), Volatile organic compounds.
PB90-235938/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Communicating with the Public About Hazardous
Materials: An Examination of Local Practice. Risk
Communication Series.
Virginia Polytechnic Inst, and State Univ., Blacksburg.
Center for Environmental and Hazardous Material
Studies.
W. D. Conn, W. L. Owens, R. C. Rich, and J. B.
Manheim. Apr 90,118p EPA/230/04-90/077
See also PB90-231200. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Policy,
Planning and Evaluation.
The study's purpose is to improve the ability of public
and private sector organizations to communicate with
members of the general public about the risks posed
by hazardous materials, such as those found in Super-
fund or RCRA sites, or subject to SARA Title III. The
second phase included a national survey of Local
Emergency Planning Committees (LEPCs) and case
studies of selected risk communication efforts. The
survey, conducted in a sample of ten states, was de-
signed to assess the risk communication efforts of
LEPCs and to gauge their capacity for promoting risk
communication in their communities. Case studies in
three communities provide examples of risk communi-
cation efforts, with secondary case studies in neigh-
boring areas. The purpose was to learn what risk com-
munication techniques had been tried in these cases,
to secure suggestions for risk communication pro-
grams from practitioners, and to assess the level of
hazardous materials awareness among a sample of
the attentive public in each community.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Risk, 'Emergen-
cies, Publicity, Mass communication, Organizations,
Surveys, Questionnaires, 'Environmentar exposure,
'Public education, Superfund program.
PB90-235963/HSU	PC E99/MF E»»
Urban Airshed Modal Study of Five Cities.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Apr 90,1748p-in 7v*
Set includes PB90-235961 through PB90-236027.
No abstract available.
P890-235961/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Urban Airshed Model Study of Five Cities: Volume
1. Summary Report
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
R. D. Scheffe. Apr 90,55p* EPA/450/4-90/006A
See also Volume 2, PB90-235979.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-235953.
The 5-City study embodied two major elements. These
are (1) a demonstration of the 'low-cost' application of
the Urban Airshed Model (UAM) and, (2) the use of the
model to assess peak ozone impacts in several cities
(New York, St. Louis, Atlanta, Dallas-Fort Worth and
Philadelphia) due to various emissions strategies. The
Urban Airshed Model (UAM) is EPA's preferred model
for conducting ozone air quality simulation analyses.
The project is documented in the Summary Report and
a set of 5 topic reports. The Summary Report con-
denses key material from each report and synthesizes
key results and conclusions for the entire study. Re-
Gjrts 1 and 2 address the 'low-cost' testing of the
AM. Reports 3-5 document the results of the emis-
sions strategy analyses. The preliminary overview pro-
vides a synopsis of the project structure and principal
findings.
Keywords: * Air pollution control, 'Air pollution abate-
ment, 'Ozone, Cost analysis, Hydrocaroons, Nitrogen
oxides, Meteorology, Concentratlon(Compos!tion),
Performance evaluation, Exhaust emissions, Forecast-
ing, Combustion products, 'Urban Airshed Model, 'Air
quality, 'Case studies, New York City(New York), Saint
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Louis(Missouri),	Atlanta(Georgia),
Philadelphia(Pennsylvania), Dallas(Texas), Natural
emissions, Fugitive emissions. Air pollution standards,
State implementation plans, Volatile organic com-
pounds, Alternative fuels. Alcohol fuels, Practice for
Low-cost Application in Nonattainment Regions.
PB90-235979/HSU	PC A16/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Urban Airshed Model Study of Five Cities. Volume
2. Demonstration of Low-Cost Application of the
Model to the City of Atlanta and the Dallas-Fort
Worth Metroplex Region.
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
R E. Morris, T. C. Myers, E. L. Carr, and M. C. Causley.
Apr 90, 368p* EPA/450/4-90/006B
See also Volume 1, PB90-235961 and Volume 3,
PB90-235987. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-235953.
The EPA has funded a study of the Practice-for-Low-
Cost-Airshed-Application-for-Nonattainment-Regions
(PLANR) approach in five urban areas in the U.S. (New
York, St. Louis, Atlanta, Philadelphia, and Dallas-Fort
Worth). The main objectives of the 'Five Cities' study
are to demonstrate the usefulness of PLANR for air
quality planning, determine the effects of alternative
fuels and alternative Reid vapor pressure values for
fuels on urban ozone concentrations, demonstrate the
use of PLANR to evaluate SIP control strategies, and
transfer the UAM model, modeling data bases, and ap-
plications technology to the states for use in future
SIPs. In addition, the study includes two city-specific
analyses for the St Louis and Philadelphia areas, com-
parison of the PLANR use of the UAM (i.e., using only
routinely available data) with applications of the UAM
that use an extensive data base and the effects of bio-
genic emissions on anthropogenic emission reduc-
tions in the Atlanta area, the report describes the
PLANR application of the UAM to the city of Atlanta
and the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex area.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, *Air pollution abate-
ment, Ozone, Cost analysis, Meteorology, Perform-
ance evaluation, Exhaust emissions, Combustion
products, Concentration(Composition), Forecasting,
Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides, 'Urban Airshed
Model, Air quality, *Atlanta(Georgia), *Dallas(Texas),
Case studies, Practice for Low-cost Application in
Nonattainment Region, State implementation plans,
Alternative fuels, Fugitive emissions. Air pollution
standards, Volatile organic compounds, Alcohol fuels.
PB90-235987/HSU	PC A12/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Urban Alrshsd Model Study of Five Cities. Volume
3. Evaluation of Base Case Model Performance
for the Cities of St. Louis and Philadelphia Using
Rich and Sparse Meteorological Inputs.
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
R. E. Morris, T. C. Myers, and E. L. Carr. Apr 90,264p*
EPA/450/4-90/006C
See also Volume 2, PB90-235979 and Volume 4,
PB90-235995. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-235953.
The document presents Urban Airshed Modeling re-
sults for St. Louis and Philadelphia. Two sets of mete-
orological inputs, representing rich and sparse ob-
served data fields, were developed for each city. Com-
parison simulations based on the different input ap-
proaches are presented.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Air pollution abate-
ment, 'Ozone, Combustion products, Exhaust emis-
sions, Cost analysis, Meteorology, Photochemical re-
actions, Atmospheric chemistry, Performance evalua-
tion, Forecasting, Nitrogen oxides, Hydrocarbons,
Comparison, Concentration(Composition), Recom-
mendations, Statistical analysis, Time series analysis,
'Urban Airshed Model, 'Saint LouisJMissouri),
•Philadelphia(Pennsylvania), 'Air quality, Case stud-
ies Practice for Low-cost Application in Nonattain-
ment Region, Baseline measurements. Fugitive emis-
sions, Air pollution standards, Alternative fuels, Vola-
1620 Vol. 90, No. 24
tile organic compounds, State implementation plans,
Alcohol fuels.
PB90-235995/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Urban Airshed Model Study of Five Cities. Volume
4. Low-Cost Application of the Model to Atlanta
and Evaluation of the Effects of Biogenic Emis-
sions on Emission Control Strategies.
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
R. E. Morris, T. C. Myers, M. C. Causley, L. Gardner,
and E. L. Carr. Apr 90,170p* EPA/450/4-90/006D
See also Volume 3, PB90-235987 and Volume 5,
PB90-236001. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-235953.
The document presents Urban Airshed Modeling re-
sults showing sensitivity of peak ozone to manmade
hydrocarbon emissions reductions for two cases - in-
clusion and exclusion of biogenic emissions.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Air pollution abate-
ment, 'Ozone, Chemical bonds. Hydrocarbons, Photo-
chemical reactions, Atmospheric chemistry,
Coneentration(Composltion), Exhaust emissions,
Combustion products, Meteorology, Comparison, Per-
formance evaluation, Site surveys, Cost analysis,
'Urban Airshed Model, 'Air quality, 'Atlanta(Qeorgia),
'Natural emissions, Comprehensive planning, Canbon
bond mechanism, Chemical reaction mechanism,
Practice for Low-cost Application in Nonattainment
Regions, State implementation plans, Case studies,
Source reductions, Baseline measurements, Volatile
organic compounds, Alternative fuels, Fugitive emis-
sions.
PB90-236001/HSU	PC A17/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Urban Airahed Model Study of Five Cities. Volume
5. A Low-Cost Application of the Urban Airshed
Model to the New York Metropolitan Area and the
City of St. Louis.
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
R. E. Morris, T. C. Myers, H. Hogo, L. R. Chinkin, and L.
Gardner. Apr 90,381 p* EPA/450/4-90/006E
See also volume 4, PB90-235995 and Volume 6,
PB90-236019. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-23S953.
The document presents Urban Airshed Modeling re-
sults for New York and St. Louis. Included are a series
of emissions strategies based on Reid Vapor Pressure
(RVP) reduction and alcohol/gasoline blended fuels.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Air pollution abate-
ment, 'Ozone, Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen oxides, Metro-
politan areas, New York, Ethyl alcohol, Photochemical
reactions, Chemical bonds, Exhaust emissions, Com-
bustion products, Hydrocarbons, Performance evalua-
tion, Meteorology, Cost analysis,
Concentratlon(Composition), 'Urban Airshed Model,
'Air quality, "New York City(New York), 'Saint
Louis(Missouri), Practice for Low-cost Application in
Nonattainment Regions, Case studies, Alcohol fuels,
Gasohol, Chemical reaction mechanisms. Empirical ki-
netics modeling approach, State implementation
plans, Alternative fuels, Carbon bond mechanisms,
volatile organic compounds, Alternative fuels.
PB90-238019/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Urban Airahed Model Study of Five Cities. Volume
8. Low-Cost Application of the Model to Future-
Year SIP Control and Alternative Fuel Strategies
for Dallas-Fort Worth, Atlanta, Philadelphia and
St Louie. (Volume 1: Results).
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
R. E. Morris, M. C. Causley, J. L. Fieber, L. Gardner,
and T. C. Myers. Apr 90,113p* EPA/450/4-90/006F
See also Volume S, PB90-236001 and Volume 7,
PB90-236027. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air
Quality Planning and Standards.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99/MF E99
PB90-235953.
The document presents Urban Airshed Model results
on alternative fuel and State Implementation Plan
(SIP) strategies for Atlanta, Dallas-Fort Worth, St.
Louis and Philadelphia.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, "Air pollution abate-
ment, 'Ozone, Exhaust emissions,
Concentration(Composition), Performance evaluation.
Cost analyses, Hydrocarbons, Meteorology, Nitrogen
oxides, Forecasting, Methyl alcohol, 'Urban Airshed
Model, 'Air quality, 'Atlanta(Georgia), *Dallas(Texas),
'Saint Louis(Missouri), 'PhiladeTphia(Pennsylvanla)!
Practice for Low-cost Application in Nonattainment
Region, Alternative fuels, State implementation plans,
Air pollution standards, Volatile organic compounds!
Empirical kinetics modeling approach, Alcohol fuels!
Baseline measurements.
PB90-236027/HSU	PC A17/MF AOS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Urban Airshed Model Study of Five Cltiee. Volume
7. Low-Cost Application of the Model to Future-
Year SIP Control and Alternative Fuel Strategies
for Dallas-Fort Worth, Atlsnta, Philadelphia, and
St. Louis.
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
R. E. Morris, M. C. Causley, J. L. Fieber, L. Gardner
and T. C. Myers. Apr 90, 397p* APE/450/4-90/006G
See also Volume 6, PB90-236019. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Also available in set of 7 reports PC E99/MF E99
PB90-235953.
The document provides concentration isopleths and
tables in support of Volume I.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Air pollution abate-
ment, 'Ozone, Tables(Data), Nomographs
Concentration(Composition), Hydrocarbons, Nitrogen
oxides, Exhaust emissions, Forecasting, Cost analysis
'Urban Airshed Model, 'Air quality. 'Atlanta(Georgia)'
'Dallas(Texas), 'Saint Louis(Missouri'
'Philadelphia(Pennsylvania), State implementation
plans, Alternative fuels, Alcohol fuels, Volatile organic
compounds.
PB90-237058/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Access EPA. State Environmental Libraries. Infor-
mation guide.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Information Resources Management.
Feb 90,83p EPA/IMSD-90/004
See also PB90-237066.
The document is the second edition of the Directory of
State Environmental Libraries. The Directory is part of
an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) initiative to
support information sharing between EPA and the
States. It will be updated annually. The Directory con-
tains information on the collections and services pro-
vided by State environmental libraries. It also contains
four appendices covering the following areas: Subiect
index to state environmental library collections; List of
state environmental hotlines; Name directory of state
environmental librarians; State directory of state envi-
ronmental librarians; and State environmental libraries
collection and services form.
Keywords: 'Environmental issues, 'Libraries, 'Infor-
mation centers, *States(United States), 'Information
services, Directories, State government, librarians
Sites, 'Environmental Protection Agency.	'
PB9O-237066/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Access EPA: Major EPA Dockets. Information
guide.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC
Office of Information Resources Management
May 90,28p IMSD-90/006
See also PB90-237058.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
maintains a series of directories to improve access to
environmental information services provided by EPA
and other public sector organizations. The directories
support the Agency's mission. Each directory provides
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
vided. The directories are updated annually. This is the
second publication in the new Access EPA series. The
document lists 8 dockets within the EPA; a description
of PIRU; and provides full descriptions for each entry.
The appendices include: Quick Reference to Rulemak-
ing Dockets; Duplications Fees; and Major EPA Dock-
ets Collection and Services Form.
Keywords; "Documents, 'Directories, 'Statutes, 'Pol-
lution, Information retrieval, Technical assistance,
Hazardous materials, Water pollution, Pesticides, Tox-
icity, Regulations, Records, Clean Air Act and Amend-
ments, 'Environmental Protection Agency, Superfund,
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Record of
Decision, Drinking water, Listings.
PB90-237074/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Access EPA. Library and Information Services. In-
formation guides.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Information Resources Management.
Jul 90,110p' EPA/IMSD-90/008
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
maintains a series of directories to improve access to
environmental information services provided by EPA
and other public sector organizations. The directories
support the Agency's mission. Each directory provides
contact information and a description of services pro-
vided. The directories are updated annually. Current di-
rectories in the series are: State Environmental Librar-
ies; Major EPA Dockets; Libraries and Information
Services; Clearinghouses and Hotlines; Public Infor-
mation Contacts. The directory is the third publication
In the new Access EPA series which began in Febru-
ary, 1990. The document was previously published as
a separate work under the title Guide to EPA Libraries
and Information Services. Included in the Directory are
descriptions of the 26 libraries in the EPA Regional
Network and three specialized information services.
There are separate indexes which provide cross refer-
ences to the following: Subject holdings, databases,
statistics on library collections, staff names and phone
numbers, regions and cities in which the libraries are
located.
Keywords: 'Directories, 'Technical information center,
'Libraries, Information centers. Access, 'Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, 'Information services.
PB90-237108/HSU	PC AOfi/MF A01
Quids to EPA Libraries and Information Services.
Information guide.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Information Resources Management.
Sep 89,105p EPA/IMSD-89/008
See also PB89-144786.
The guide to Libraries and Information Services is a
yearly publication of the Office of Information Re-
source Management of the Environmental Protection
Agency and lists the 28 libraries in the Regional Net-
work and three specialized information services. A full
description for each entry is given including address,
phone, staff, Information services, publications, sub-
ject specialities, and database search services. There
are separate indexes which provide cross references
to the following: Subject holdings, databases, statistics
on library collections, staff names and phone numbers,
regions and cities in which the libraries are located.
Keywords: 'Environmental Issues, 'Libraries, 'Infor-
mation centers, 'Information services, Sites, Coding,
Librarians, National government, Directories, 'Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency.
PB90-237116/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Risk Assessment Management, Communication: A
Quids to Selected Sources. Volume 3, Number 1.
Information guide.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Information Resources Management.
Mar 89,125p* EPA/IMSD-89/004A
See also PB89-189641.
This is the seventh update to the March 1987 publica-
tion entitled Risk Assessment, Management, Commu-
nication: A Guide to Selected Sources. This series of
risk management bibliographies is divided into three
major sections: assessment, Management. Communi-
cation. Included in the issue are citations published be-
tween September 1988 and March 1989. The original
guide was followed by three quarterly updates. These
earlier updates constitute Volume One of the current
semiannual series.
Keywords: "Management planning, "Environmental
surveys, "Communications management, 'Bibliogra-
phies, Public health, Hazardous materials, Chemical
compounds, Abstracts, Regulations, 'Risk assess-
ment.
PB90-237124/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Marine Debris. Bibliographic series.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Information Resources Management.
Oct 89,33p EPA/IMSD-89/005
See also PB90-237132.
The bibliography is a joint effort by the library staffs at
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Headquar-
ters and the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA). It provides a source for identi-
fying introductory materials on the problem of marine
debris. References in the bibliography include books,
reports, and non-technical magazine articles. Citations
cover the period from January 1986 through March
1989. Where available, a descriptive abstract is includ-
ed with the citation.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, 'Refuse, 'Ocean environ-
ments, 'Water pollution, Beaches, Recreational facili-
ties, Ecology, Wildlife, Law(Jurisprudence), Interna-
tional government, National government, Economic
analysis, Plastics, Public health, Waste disposal, State
government, 'Marine surveys, 'Ocean waste disposal,
Land pollution, US EPA, Aquatic ecosystems, US
NOAA, Global aspects, Environmental effects, Pollu-
tion sources, Pollution regulations.
PB90-237132/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Statistics. Bibliographic series.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Information Resources Management.
Feb 90,112p* EPA/IMSD-90/002
See also PB90-237140.
The bibliography has pulled together citations from a
wide range of recent documents and includes refer-
ences that may be of interest to the statistical commu-
nity and to environmentalists. Citations in the bibliogra-
phy were selected for their relevance to EPA's envi-
ronmental statistics effort and include references to
books, journal articles, government reports and con-
ference papers. The bibliography Is organized accord-
ing to the following program areas: general (interdisci-
plinary), air, water, hiazardous waste, radiation, and risk
assessment. The citations cover a period from 1987
through March 1990.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, 'Environmental surveys,
"Statistical analysis, Public health, Air pollution, Water
pollution, Hazardous materials, Radioactive materials,
Abstracts, Stream flow, Solid wastes, Industrial
wastes, Sewers, Overflows, Watersheds, 'Environ-
mental pollution, Storm water drainage, Nonpoint
sources, Pollution abatement, Risk assessment, Envi-
ronmental monitoring, Pollution sources, Environmen-
tal impact assessments, US EPA.
PB90-237140/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Technology Transfer; Hotlines. Bibliographic series.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Information Resources Management.
Feb 90,34p EPA/IMSD-90/003
See also PB90-237124.
The bibliography is part of the Technology Transfer
Series which serves to improve awareneas of malor
technology transfer Issues and projects. The following
are part of this series: Technology Transfer: An Over-
view; Technology Transfer Clearinghouse; Technolo-
gy Transfer Hotlines. The bibliography is part of the
Environmental Protection Agency Headquarters Li-
brary's continuing effort to provide information and
foster communication about hotlines within the
Agency. The citations and abstracts cover a period be-
tween 1980-1989 and were selected from books, re-
ports, and non-technical magazine articles. The bibli-
ography categorizes the selected citations for an over-
view on hotlines, including case studies, evaluation,
and technology. A list of databases used is also includ-
ed.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, Abstracts, Information
centers, Telephone systems, Telecommunications, In-
formation systems, 'Technology transfer, 'Public in-
formation, 'Information sources, 'Hotlines, Case stud-
ies, Appropriate technology, Technical assistance.
PB90-237330/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program,
Washington, DC.
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
Annual Report 1989 to the President and Con-
gress.
Council on Environmental Quality, Washington, DC.
Jun90,105p
See also report for 1988, PB90-185646. Sponsored by
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program,
Washington, DC.
The 1989 NAPAP report is submitted in accordance
with the Acid Precipitation Act of 1980 (Title VII, P.L.
96-294.) The Annual Report describes the Program's
research and assessment accomplishments during
1989. A special section, entitled 'Findings Update,
summarizes recent developments in the state of scien-
tific knowledge of the causes and effects of acidic dep-
osition, and provides information on the status and ca-
pabilities of various acid deposition control technol-
ogies. NAPAP is developing a comprehensive Integrat-
ed Assessment of the causes and effects of acid dep-
osition, combined with comprehensive analyses of the
cost and effectiveness of various emission reduction
strategies.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Visibility, Deposition,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Atmosphenc chemistry, Air
pollution control, Air water interactions, Water pollu-
tion, Mathematical models, Assessments, Ecology,
'National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program, 'Bi-
ological effects, 'Air pollution effects(Materials), 'En-
vironmental effects, Acid Precipitation Act of 1980, Air
pollution effects(Humans), Air pollution
effects(Animals), Environmental transport, Source re-
duction, Air quality. Land pollution, Cultural resources,
Congressional inquiries.
PB90-237447/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Computer Readable TSCA Chemical Substances
Inventory. Data Tape Documentation.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
1990,36p* EPA/DF/MT-90/168A
For system on magnetic tape, see PB90-504226.
The computer-readable TSCA Chemical Substance In-
ventory is issued periodically to provide chemical sub-
stance information for those substances on the non-
confidential substance identity portion of the TSCA
Master Inventory File. For a complete understanding
of the data contained on these tapes, it is necessary to
consult the introductory material of the printed 1985
Edition and the 1990 Supplement to the 1985 Edition.
These tapes contain no TSCA Confidential Business
Information. They have been prepared by Chemical
Abstracts Service, a Division of the American Chemi-
cal Society under contract to the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. The tapes consist of two files: (1)
Inventory Preferred Name File and (2) Inventory Syno-
nym Name File.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Environmental
surveys, Documentation, 'Toxic substances, 'Emis-
sion inventories, 'Chemical elements, Nomenclatures,
US EPA, CAS numbers.
PB90-23S437/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Drinking Water Criteria Document for Beryllium.
Draft rept. (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
J. Olsen. Jan 90,169p ECAO-CIN-D003
Beryllium (Be) is a hard grayish-white metal of the alka-
line earth family. The major route of exposure by which
beryllium enters the body is inhalation. Beryllium also
occurs naturally in various tobaccos and may be in-
haled dunng smoking. The greatest potential for beryl-
lium exposure occurs in the work place and in the vi-
cinity of the industries that process beryllium ore or
compounds. Although evidence exists that beryllium is
a carcinogen by the inhalation route, no definitive evi-
dence exists that correlates the ingestion of beryllium
with tumor appearance since it has not been tested
orally at the MTD. However, since beryllium is carcino-
genic by inhalation and parenteral routes, and also in-
duces chromosomal abnormalities, it is possible that
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
beryllium in water could pose a carcinogenic risk to
man.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Toxicology, 'Water qual-
ity, 'Beryllium, Mutagens, Carcinogens,
Reproduction(Biology), Laboratory animals, Humans,
Mutations, Bacteria, Enzymes, Proteins, Nucleic acids,
Pharmacokinetics, Immune system, Chromosome ab-
errations, Mutagenicity tests, Carcinogenicity tests,
Sister chromatid exchange, Teratogens.
PB9O-238502/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Recommended Operating Procedure No. 45: Anal-
ysis of Nitrous Oxide from Combustion Sources.
Final rept. Sep 89-May 90.
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J S. Ford. Jun 90,33p EPA/600/8-90/053
Contracts EPA-68-02-4701, EPA-68-02-4291
Prepared in cooperation with Research Triangle Inst.,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The recommended operating procedure (ROP) has
been prepared for use in research activities conducted
by EPA's Air and Energy Engineering Research Labo-
ratory (AEERL). The procedure applies to the meas-
urement of nitrous oxide (N20) in dry gas samples ex-
tracted from gas streams where N20 concentrations
range from 0.5 to 200 ppm. N20 concentrations are in-
terpreted by an electron capture detector (ECD). The
ECO uses a 63NI constant current cell. The upper
limits of this procedure can be extended by changing
the sample loop pressure to reduce the volume of
sample in the look or by diluting the sample. ROPs de-
scribe non-routine or experimental research oper-
ations where some judgment in application may be
warranted. ROPs may not be applicable to activities
conducted by other research groups, and should not
be used in place of standard operating procedures.
Use of ROPs must be accompanied by an understand-
ing of their purpose and scope.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Nitrogen
oxide(N20), 'Combustion products, Performance
standards, Operating, Combustion efficiency, Chemi-
cal analysis, Gas chromatography, Electron capture,
Calibrating, Quality control, Quality assurance, 'Air
pollution detection, Pollution sources, Air pollution
sampling.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Chemical compounds, 'Respi-
ration, 'Inhalation, 'Risk management, Estimates,
Laboratory animals, "Reference values, Human toler-
ances.
PB90-238890/HSU	PC A09/MF AOS
interim Methods for Development of Inhalation
Reference Concentrations. Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
K. Blackburn, M. Dourson, L. Erdreich, C. DeRose, and
J. A. Graham. Aug 90,197p EPA/600/8-90/066A,
ECAO-R-0204
An inhalation reference concentration (RfC) is an esti-
mate of continuous inhalation exposure over a human
lifetime that is unlikely to pose significant risk of ad-
verse noncancer health effects and serves as a
benchmark value for assisting in risk management de-
cisions. Derivation of an RfC involves dose-response
assessment of animal data to determine the exposure
levels at which no significant increase in the frequency
or severity of adverse effects between the exposed
population and its appropriate control exists. The as-
sessment requires an interspecies dose extrapolation
from a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) ex-
posure concentration of an animal to a human equiva-
lent NOAEl (NOAEL(HBC)). The RfC is derived from
the NOAEL(HBC) by the application of generally order-
of-magnitude uncertainty factors. Intermittent expo-
sure scenarios in animals are extrapolated to chronic
continuous human exposures. Relationships between
external exposures and internal doses depend upon
complex simultaneous and consecutive processes of
absorption, distribution, metabolism, storage, detoxifi-
cation, and elimination. To estimate NOAEL(HBC)s
when chemical-specific physiologically-based pharma-
cokinetic models are not available, a dosimetric ex-
trapolation procedure based on anatomical and physi-
ological parameters of the exposed human and animal
and the physical parameters of the toxic chemical has
been developed which gives equivalent or more con-
servative exposure concentrations values than those
thai would be obtained with a PB-PK model.
PB90-238908/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Facts About SARA Title III, Section 313: Toxic Re-
lease Inventory. Data Tape Documentation.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
1990, 54p*
For system on diskette, see PB90-504051 (dBase III
Plus) and PB90-504069 (Lotus 1 -2-3).
The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
(SARA) of 1986 requires EPA to establish an Inventory
of toxic chemical emissions from certain facilities. The
reporting requirement applies to owners and operators
of facilities that have 10 or more full-time employees,
that are in Standard Industrial Classification (SIC)
codes 20 through 39 (i.e., manufacturing facilities) and
that manufacture (including importing), process or oth-
erwise use a listed toxic chemical in excess of speci-
fied threshold quantities. The final toxic Chemical Re-
lease Form and regulations were published in the
'Federal Register' on February 16,1988. The following
information is required on the form: the name, location
and type of business; off-site locations to which the fa-
cility transfers toxic chemicals in waste (whether the
chemical is manufactured (including importation),
processed, or otherwise used and the general catego-
ries of use of the chemicals; and an estimate (in
ranges) of the maximum amounts of the toxic chemical
present at the facility at any time during the preceding
year); and quantity of the chemical entering each
medium-air, land, and water-annually (waste treat-
ment/disposal methods and efficiency of methods for
each waste stream, optional information on waste
minimization, and a certification by a senior facility offi-
cial that the report is complete and accurate). The data
files for the microcomputers on diskettes can be ob-
tained by ordering PB90-504O41 (sef in the dBase III
Plus file format) or PB90-504069 (set in the Lotus 1 -2-
3 file format).
Keywords: "Environmental surveys, *States(United
States), Documentation, Site surveys, Industrial
wastes. Waste disposal. Waste treatment, Industrial
wastes, Chemical compounds, State government, Air
pollution, Water pollution, 'Toxic substances, 'Emis-
sion Inventories, 'Waste management, Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986, Stand-
ard Industrial Classification, Source reduction, Land
pollution, American Samoa, Puerto Rico, Virgin Is-
lands.
PB90-239344/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 214: Primisulfuron-
methyl.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
12 Jun 90,13p EP A/ 540/ FS-90/093
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred: Issuance or reissuance
of a registration standard; Issuance of each special
review document; Registration of a significantly
changed use pattern; Registration of a new chemical;
or An immediate need for information to resolve con-
troversial issues relating to a specific chemical or use
pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Herbicides, Hazardous mate-
rials, Chemical properties, Regulations, Toxicology,
Agricultural products, 'Toxic substances, "Primisul-
furon-methyl, Path of pollutants, Chemical information
fact sheet, Use patterns, Science findings, CAS
86209-51-0.
PB90-239336/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
management ot Hazardous Industrial Wastes: Re-
search and Development Need*. Final rept.
National Materials Advisory Board (NRC), Washington,
DC.
Feb 83,88p* NMAB-398
Contract EPA-68-01 -6084
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC., and American Inst, of Chemical En-
gineers, New York.
The presently available technologies for the disposal
of hazardous wastes were examined to identify their
limitations and recommend research needed to sup-
port the development of new and improved methods.
The report contains the premises and assumptions
used to guide the direction of the study; nontechnical
issues, institutional in character and nationwide in
scope, that influence hazardous waste management;
details of various waste disposal technologies; and the
overall findings of the committee presented as a series
of conclusions and recommendations.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Industrial wastes,
Waste disposal, Recommendations, Biodeterioration,
Land reclamation, Earth fills, Public opinion, Benefit
cost analysis, 'Research and development, 'Waste
management, Physical chemical treatment. Physical
treatment. Technology utilization, Land disposal,
Ocean waste disposal, Incineration, Waste storage,
Source reduction, Waste processing, Environmental
transport.
PB90-239880/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Chesapeake Bay Ambient Toxicity Assessment
Workshop Report.
Maryland Univ., College Park.
E. C. Krome. May 90,182p CBP/TRS-42/90
Report on a woi^shop held in Annapolis, MD. on July
25-27, 1989. Prepared in cooperation with Chesa-
peake Research Consortium, Inc., Annapolis, MD., and
Maryland Dept. of Natural Resources, Annapolis.
Chesapeake Bay Research and Monitoring Div. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis,
MD. Chesapeake Bay Program.
Proceedings ot a workshop conducted in Annapolis,
Maryland, July 25-27,1989. Its purpose was to provide
resource managers with the necessary information to
better assess and evaluate the significance of toxic
contaminants as causes of mortality and impaired
growth and reproduction ot Bay organisms. Plenary
presentations addressed population risk assessment;
sediment toxicity assessment; whole organism toxicity
assessment; and suborganismal toxicity assessment
Subsequent group sessions developed conclusions,
findings and recommendations.
Keywords: 'Chesapeake Bay, 'Toxicity, 'Meetings,
Recommendations, Sediments, Bioassays, Mortality,
Population growth, Reproductk>n(Biology), Exposure,
Chemical compounds, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), 'Toxic substances, 'Water pollution
effects(Plants), Aquatic ecosystems, Natural re-
sources management, Chesapeake Bay Program,
Risk assessment, Biological effects, Sediment-water
interfaces, Habitats.
PB90-239971/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Audit Materials tor Semlvolattte Organic Measure-
ments during Hazardous Waste Trial Burn*. Sum-
mary rept.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. R. Albritton, R. S. Wright, W. C. Eaton, and R. K. M.
Jayanty. Apr 90,40p EPA/600/3-90/033
Contracts EPA-68-02-3992. EPA-68-02-4125
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
Measurement and monitoring research efforts are de-
signed to anticipate environmental problem8, to sup-
port regulatory actions by developing an indepth un-
derstanding of the nature and processes that Impact
health and the ecology, to provide innovative means of
monitoring compliance with regulations, and to evalu-
ate the effectiveness of health and environmental pro-
tection efforts through the monitoring of long-term
trends. Method 0010 of SW 846 is the required teat
method used to show Destruction and Removal Effi-
ciency (DRE) of Principle Organic Hazardous Constitu-
ents (POHCs) of semi-volatile (boiling point above 130
C) organic compounds. This method requires extrac-
tion and evaporation concentrating of the semi-volable
organlcs. The procedure, if not done properly, can
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
result in significant loss of POHCs and, therefore, it is
important to have an audit material to test the perform-
ance of laboratories making these important measure-
ments. Two approaches for the audit material are de-
scribed in the report: one which tests both the sample
train recovery and analytical recovery and one which
tests the analytical performance only.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
'Organic compounds, Gas analysis, Sampling, Quality
control, Quality assurance, Performance standards,
Combustion efficiency, Extraction, Evaporation, Exper-
imental design, 'Air pollution detection, 'Incineration,
EPA method 0010, Environmental monitoring, Stand-
ards compliance.
PB90-240078/HSU	PC A16/MF A02
Disinfection By-Products In United States Drink-
ing Waters. Volume 1. Report.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Nov 89, 354p EPA/570/9-90/01 OA
See also Volume 2, PB90-2400B6.
A study was conducted to evaluate the occurrence
and control of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drink-
ing water treatment plants around the United States.
Prior to the initiation of the sampling program signifi-
cant development work was required to make analyti-
cal methods available and reliable for conducting the
study. Collection and analysis of water samples from
35 treatment facilities was conducted quarterly for one
year to examine the occurrence and seasonal variabili-
ty of a list of DBPs, including trihalomethanes, haloa-
cetic acids, haloketones, haloacetonitriles, and others.
Special studies were conducted at a number of treat-
ment plants to observe the impact of treatment prac-
tice on finished water DBP formation. The impact of
using alternative primary disinfectants, particularly
ozone and chlorine dioxide, was observed. Other stud-
ies examined the use of increased alum dose to con-
trol DBPs and DBP precursor removal by granular acti-
vated carbon.
Keywords: 'Byproducts, 'Disinfection, 'Water treat-
ment, 'Water pollution control, Disinfectants, Sam-
pling, Chemical analysis, Seasonal variations, Halogen
organic compounds, Halohydrocarbons, Ozone, Chlo-
rine oxides, Alums, Dosage, Activated carbon treat-
ment, Evaluation, United States, Tables(Data), Moni-
toring, Drinking water, Trihalomethane.
PB90-240086/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Disinfection By-Products In United States Drink-
ing Waters. Volume 2. Appendices.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Nov 89,130p EPA/570/9-90/010B
See also Volume 1, PB90-240078.
A study was conducted to evaluate the occurrence
and control of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drink-
ing water treatment plants around the United States.
Prior to the initiation of the sampling program signifi-
cant development work was required to make analyti-
cal methods available and reliable for conducting the
study. Collection and analysis of water samples from
35 treatment facilities was conducted quarterly for one
year to examine the occurrence and seasonal variabili-
ty of a list of DBPs, including trihalomethanes, haloa-
cetic acids, haloketones, haloacetonitriles, and others.
Special studies were conducted at a number of treat-
ment plants to observe the Impact of treatment prac-
tice on finished water DBP formation. The impact of
using alternative primary disinfectants, particularly
ozone and chlorine dioxide, was observed. Other stud-
ies examined the use of increased alum dose to con-
trol DBPs and DBP precursor removal by granular acti-
vated carbon.
Keywords: 'Byproducts, 'Disinfection, 'Water treat-
ment, 'Water pollution control, Disinfectants, Sam-
pling, Chemical analysis, Seasonal variations, Halogen
organic compounds, Halohydrocarbons, Ozone, Chlo-
rine oxides, Evaluation, Alums, Activated carbon treat-
ment, United States, Tables(Data), Drinking water, Tri-
halomethane.
PB90-240581/HSU	PC A14/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trianale
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Chamber and Modeling Study to Assess the Pho-
tochemistry of Formaldehyde. Final rept. Feb 88-
Feb 90.
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill. School of Public
Health.
H. E. Jeffries, K. G. Sexton, J. R. Arnold, Y. Bai, and J.
L. Li. Jul 90,313p EPA/600/3-90/052
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
A new analytical method for formaldehyde (HCHO)
was implemented for use in the UNC outdoor smog
chamber. HCHO measurements obtained with this
method were compared with those obtained using
other analytical techniques. Six different calibration
standards for HCHO were found to agree within + or -
2%, and the different HCHO analytical methods had
precisions of + or -10%. New experiments in which
HCHO was produced chemically were performed. An
explicit chemical reaction mechanism for ethene and
propene was formulated to explain the chamber obser-
vations. The ethene mechanism showed excellent
agreement with the observed data; the propene mech-
anism, however, did not perform as satisfactory. A
comparison of these explicit mechanisms with the
Carbon Bond IV (CB4) mechanism showed excellent
agreement for ozone (<10% error), nitrogen oxides,
and hydrocarbon oxidation rates; the CB4, however,
consistently underpredicted the HCHO maximum by
about 13%. An analysis of a simulation of an urban
scenario showed that chemical production of HCHO
was the dominant factor governing afternoon HCHO
concentrations. Ethene and other olefins were the
source of 58-62% of the HCHO produced and aromat-
ics were responsible for 10-12%. It was concluded that
the CB4 mechanism can be used to predict ambient
HCHO levels with an error of about 20%.
Keywords: 'Atmospheric chemistry, 'Formaldehyde,
'Photochemical reactions, Assessments, Test cham-
bers, Mathematical models, Reaction kinetics, Cali-
brating, Sampling, Gas analysis, Quality assurance,
Performance evaluation, Spectrophotometry, Colori-
metric analysis, 'Air pollution detection, 'Chemical re-
action mechanisms, Fluorimeters.
PB9O-240763/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 215: Folpet.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
25 Jun 87,14p EPA/540/FS-90/094
See also PB90-183898.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. The particular agent discussed is Folpet.
A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the following ac-
tions has occurred. (1) Issuance or reissuance of a
registration standard, (2) Issuance of each special
review document, (3) Registration of a significantly
changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new chemi-
cal, or (5) An immediate need for information to re-
solve controversial issues relating to a specific chemi-
cal or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Fungicides, Hazardous mate-
rials, Chemical properties, Regulations, Toxicology,
Ecology, Agricultural products, 'Toxic substances,
'Folpet, *Phthalimide/N-(trichloromethylthlo), Path of
pollutants. Chemical information fact sheet, Use pat-
terns, Science findings, CAS 133-07-3.
PB90-24080S/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Method Development and Evaluation of Draft Pro-
tocol for Measurement of Condenslble Particulate
Emissions. Test Report
Entropy Environmentalists, Inc., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
W. G. DeWees, and K. C. Steinsberger. 16 May 90,
59p EPA/450/4-90/012
Contract EPA-68-D90055
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
The report describes the development and evaluation
of a draft protocol for measuring condensible particu-
late matter (CPM) emissions. An implnger catch ap-
proach was evaluated in the laboratory and at wood-
fired and coal-fired boilers. The report summarizes the
approach and major findings and recommendations
which resulted from the study. Test results and statisti-
cal analysis of the results are presented.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Impingement, Chemical analy-
sis, Solvent extraction, Site surveys,
Concentration(Composition), pH, Combustion prod-
ucts, Boilers, Weight measurement, Performance eval-
uation, Recommendations, 'Air pollution sampling,
'Air pollution detection, Wood burning furnaces, Or-
ganic matter. Coal combustion, Gas-solid interactions.
PB90-240912/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
U.S. 'Mussel Watch' Program: Transuranlc Ele-
ment Data from Woods Hole Oceanographlc Insti-
tution 1976-1983. Technical rept.
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MA. Coastal
Research Center.
J. Palmieri, H. Livingston, and J. W. Farrington. May
84,82p WHOI-84-28, CRC-84-5
Contract EPA-68-03-3193
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Narra-
gansett, Rl.
Bivalves (Mytilus edulis, Mytilus califomianus, Cras-
sostrea virginica and Ostrea equestris) were collected
once per year during 1976,1977, and 1978 along the
United States coast and analyzed for (239,240)Pu,
(241 )Am and (137)Cs as part of the U.S. Mussel Watch
program. Monthly samples were collected during
1976-1980 from Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island and
Bodega Head, California and analyzed for
(239,240)Pu, (241 )Am, and (137)Cs. There is no evi-
dence in the data for systematic regional or local ele-
vated concentrations of radionuclides as a result of re-
leases from the nuclear fuel cycle. Monthly fluctua-
tions in radionuclide concentrations in the Narragan-
sett Bay mussels appear to be primarily influenced by
spawning.
Keywords: 'Mussels, "Radioactive contaminants,
Bodega Head, Narraganset Bay,
Reproauction(Biology), Tables(Data), Humans, Liver,
Plutonium 239, Cesium 137, 'Radionuclide migration,
Environmental monitoring, Mussel Watch Program,
Plutonium 240, Iron 55, Americium 241.
PB90-242306/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Rationale for the Assessment of Errors In the
Sampling of Soils.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
J. J. van Ee, L. J. Blume, and T. H. Starks. Jul 90,66p
EPA/600/4-90/013
Prepared in cooperation with Nevada Univ., Las
Vegas. Environmental Research Center.
The sampling of soils in RCRA and Superfund monitor-
ing programs requires associated quality assurance
programs. One objective of any quality assurance pro-
gram is to assess and document the quality of the
study data to ensure that it satisfies the needs of the
users. The purpose of the document is to describe the
nature and function of certain quality assurance sam-
ples in the assessment and documentation of bias and
precision in sampling studies of inorganic pollutant
concentrations in soils. The document has been devel-
oped to provide people who plan, implement, or over-
see RCRA or Superfund soil sampling studies with in-
formation on quality assessment samples so that they
will have a better basis for decisions concerning the
employment of such samples in their quality assurance
programs.
Keywords: 'Soils, 'Sampling, 'Quality assurance, As-
sessments, Bias, Accuracy, Inorganic compounds
Hazardous materials, Measurement, Estimates, Varia-
bility, Evaluation, Laboratories, Field tests, Superfund
program.
PB90-242314/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trianale
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Emission Factors for Iron and Steel Sources: Cri-
teria and Toxic Pollutants. Final rept.
Pechan (E.H.) and Associates, Inc., Durham, NC.
W. R. Barnard. Jun 90,173p EPA/600/2-90/024
Contract EPA-68-02-4271
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park. NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The report provides a comprehensive set of emission
factors for sources of both criteria and toxic air pollut-
ants in integrated iron and steel plants and specialty
electric arc shops (mini-mills). Emission factors are
identified for process sources, and process and open
source fugitive emissions. The emission factors are
not specific to any one facility. Emission factors for
gray iron foundries and the ferro-alloy industry are not
included.
Keywords: 'Iron and steel industry, 'Industrial wastes,
•Air pollution, Sources, Coking, Sintering furnaces,
Electric arc furnaces, Openhearth furnaces, Steel
making, Basic converters, Oxygen blown converters,
Materials handling, Cargo transport, 'Emission fac-
tors, Comprehensive planning, Fugitive emissions,
Stationary sources, Toxic substances.
PB90-242322/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Collaborative Effort to Modal Plant Response to
Acidic Rain. Journal Article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. Lee, J. Jacobson, A. Kuja, P. Irving, and D. Shriner.
c1988,8p EPA/600/J-88/S14
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air Pollution Control Association, v38
n6 P777-783 Jun 888. See also DE90003002. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Boyce Thompson Inst, for
Plant Research, Ithaca, NY., Argonne National Lab.,
IL„ Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Toronto, and
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
Radish plants were exposed three times per week to
simulated acidic rain at pH values of 2.6 to 5.4 over the
course of four weeks in trials performed at Argonne, IL:
Ithaca & Upton. NY; Corvallis, OR; Oak Ridge, TN; and
Toronto, Canada. Uniform genotype, soil media and
planting techniques, treatment procedures, biological
measurements, and experimental design were em-
ployed. Growth of plants differed among trials as a
result of variation in greenhouse environmental condi-
tions according to location and facilities. Larger plants
underwent greater absolute but lower relative reduc-
tion in biomass after exposure to the high levels of
acidity. A generalized Mitscherlich function was used
to model the effects of acidity of simulated rain or dry
mass of hypocotyls using data from three laboratories
that performed only one trial each, were used to test
the model. When the laboratory by trial effect was re-
moved (influence of different growth conditions), lack
of fit to the Mitscherlich function was insignificant.
Thus, a single mathematical model satisfactorily char-
acterized the relationship between acidity and mean
plant response. The pH value associated with a 10
percent reduction in mass was 3.3 + or - 0.3 for hypo-
cotyls. No value was estimated for shoots because ef-
fects on shoots were not significant. (Copyright (c)
1988 APCA.)
Keywords: Statistical analysis, pH, Soil chemistry,
Growth(Biology), Sulfates, Nitrates, Reprints, 'Acid
rain, 'Air pollution eflects(Plants), Radish plants,
Dose-response relationships.
PB90-242355/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
M«tJJhoH!«iVi 7 H-Dlbenzo(c,g)Cart>azole and
arttete	Salmonella typhimurium: Journal
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
600/J 87/51 j"*1 ° Warshawsky- c1987> 13p EPA/
Pub. in Mutation Research 188, p275-286 1987. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Cincinnati Univ. Medical
Center, OH. Dept. of Environmental Health.
7H-Dibenzo(c,g)carbazole (DBC) is a potent carcino-
gen of environmental import. Reverse-mutation plate-
incorporation assays for mutagenicity were undertak-
en in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and
TA100. Results were negative when no exogenous ac-
tivation system was used, as well as when assays in-
corporated liver homogenates (S9) from rats, mice and
rabbits. By contrast DBC was mutagenic in a forward
mutation assay in Salmonella strain TM677 using re-
sistance to 8-azaguanine for selection. Metabolites of
DBC were generated by incubation with rat-liver micro-
somes and separated by HPLC. Two of these metabo-
lites were directly mutagenic for Salmonella strain
TM677 while two others mutagenic upon addition of
S9. Synthetic phenolic derivatives of DBC were also
mutagenic in the assay when further metabolized. It is
likely that metabolites of DBC phenols constitute the
biologically active forms. (Copyright (c) 1987 Elsevier
Science Publishers B.V. (Biomedical Division.)
1624 Vol. 90, No. 24
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Salmonella typhimurium,
'Carcinogens, Metabolism, Laboratory animals, Phen-
ols, Reprints, 'Mutagenicity tests, "Carbazole/7H-
dibenzo(c g), Metabolic activation, Liver microsomes,
High pressure liquid chromatography.
PB90-242363/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Risk from Exposure to Polychlorinated Dibenzo-
p-DloxIns and Dibenzoturans Emitted Irom Munic-
ipal Incinerators. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
D. Maukerjee, and D. H. Cleverly. C1987, l7pEPA/
600/J-87/516
Pub. in Waste Management and Research 5, p269-
283 1987. Presented at the ISWA-WHO-DAKOFA spe-
cialized seminar, 'Emission of Trace Oraanics from
Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators, Copenhagen
(Denmark), January 20-22,1987.
Incineration of wastes seems to be one of the major
sources of PCDDs and PCDFs (dioxins). Their preva-
lence and extreme stability in the environment, bioa-
vailability and bioaccumulation in the biota and human
adipose tissues and breast milk are of much concern.
2,3,7,8-TCDD is one of the most toxic chemicals
known and has been found to have teratogenic and
carcinogenic activities in animals. Exposure to TCDD
can result in chloracne, general weakness, drastic
weight loss, hyperpigmentation of skin, hirsutism, por-
phyria cutanea tarda, liver damage, changes in activi-
ties of various liver enzymatic levels, abnormal lipid
metabolism, abnormalities of the endocrine and
immune systems, and possible teratogenic effects in
humans. Moreover, chronic bioassay data indicate that
TCDD is one of the most potent carcinogens known. It
promotes liver and skin carcinogeneses, and is an ini-
tiator for various target organs in rodent test systems.
According to the classification system of IARC, the
qualitative evidence for carcinogenicity of TCDD is
considered to be 'sufficient' in animals and 'inad-
equate' in humans. Consequently, TCDD has been
placed in lARC's 2B category. In the absence of chron-
ic bioassay data on other PCDDs and PCDFs, several
TCDD equivalent approaches have been proposed for
risk assessment on other congeners or mixtures. The
paper compares the various approaches.
Keywords: 'Public health, 'Incinerators, Exposure,
'Waste disposal, Toxicity, Bioassays, Carcinogens,
Laboratory animals, Comparison, Reprints, 'Risk as-
sessment, "Air pollution effects(Humans), 'Polychlorl-
nated dibenzodioxins, "Polychlorinated dibenzoturans,
Dibenzodioxin/tetrachloro, Municipal wastes, Biologi-
cal effect, Air pollution effects(Animals).
PB90-242371 /HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Proceedings of the Workshop on the Acceptabil-
ity and Interpretation of Dermal Development
Toxicity Studies. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
C. A. Kimmel, and E. Z. Francis. C1990,14p EPA/600/
J-90/001, OHEA-R-329
Pub. in Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 14, p386-
398 1990.
The purpose of the workshop, which was held in April
1988, was to review the current state of knowledge on
the use of the dermal route of exposure in develop-
mental toxicity studies. In evaluating this area, three
major issues were considered: (1) the evaluation of
maternal toxicity in dermal developmental toxicity
studies; (2) what types of pharmacokinetic data are
necessary or desirable for the appropriate design and
interpretation of these studies; and (3) what factors are
important to consider in the design of dermal develop-
mental toxicity studies. The participants concluded: (1)
dermal developmental toxicity studies without any indi-
cation of maternal or developmental toxicity are inad-
equate for risk assessment unless accompanied by
absorption data. (2) absorption data and limited phar-
macokinetic data should be collected in every dermal
developmental toxicity study, and (3) dermal develop-
mental toxicity studies in which skin irritation is too
marked should be considered inadequate for risk as-
sessment. General recommendations made for all de-
velopmental toxicity studies regardless of the route of
exposure were: signs of local irritation should be exam-
ined, and absorptTon/pharmacoklnetic data should be
developed. (Copyright (c) 1990 by the Society of Toxi-
cology.)
Keywords: 'Skin(Anatomy), 'Toxicity, Irritation, Re-
prints, 'Teratogens, Risk assessment, Pharmacokine-
tics, Mothers, Dermal absorption.
PC E98/MF E99
Dispersion Model Plus
PB90-243809/HSU
Complex Terrain
(CTDMPLUS).
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Jun 90,1034-in 4v'
Set includes PB89-181424, PB88-162094, PB88-
162102 and PB88-162110. For system on diskette,
see PB90-504119.
No abstract available.
PB90-244203/HSU	PC A09/MF A02
Guidance Manual for Petroleum-Related LUST
Cleanups in Illinois, Spring 1990. Interim rept.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Land Pollution Control.
~. Pluymers, and H. Nash. Mar 90,194p IEPA/LPC-
90/47
See also PB90-125378. Errata sheet inserted.
The Guidance Manual, in its 2nd edition, explains the
Illinois Environmental Protection Agencys (IEPA)
Leaking Underground Storage Tank (LUST) Program.
It is designed to assist the owners and operators of Illi-
nois' underground storage tanks (USTs) in dealing with
releases of petroleum products from their systems.
The manual is presented in chronological step-by-step
format so that tank owners and operators may easily
fulfill the current requirements of the Illinois regulations
and understand IEPA procedures. The manual covers
all aspects of dealing with LUSTs, from how to deter-
mine if a release of a petroleum product has occurred,
to how to clean-up the release and how to apply for re-
imbursement for corrective action costs from the Illi-
nois Underground Storage Tank Fund.
Keywords: 'Petroleum, 'Underground storage, 'Water
pollution, 'Illinois, Ground water, Manuals, Regula-
tions, Storage tanks, Leakage, Containment, Report-
ing, Hazards, Surface waters, Soils, Response, Cost
analysis, * Land pollution. Clean up, 'Oil spills.
PB90-244260/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
Voluntssr Laka Monitoring Program, 1989.
Volume 3. Northeastern Illinois Region.
Northeastern Illinois Planning Commission, Chicago.
H. L. Hudson. Jun 90,129p IEPA/WPC-90-106C
See also PB90-220419. Sponsored by Illinois State
Environmental Protection Agency, Springfield. Div. of
Water Pollution Control.
The Illinois Environmental Protection Agency initiated
the Volunteer Lake Monitoring Program (VLMP) in
1981 as a reault of growing public interest in lakes and
the need to expand the state's data base on lake water
quality. VLMP participants are trained to measure
water transparency with a Secchi disc. The measure-
ment, called the Secchi disc depth, is used to docu-
ment changes in the transparency of the lake water.
Typically, three sites are monitored in each lake twice
per month from May through October. The volunteer
also records a series of field observations such as
water color, suspended sediment and algae, aquatic
weeds, and weather conditions.
Keywords'. 'Monitoring, 'Water pollution, 'lakes.
Depth, Transparence, Algae. Suspended sediments.
Phosphorus, Nitrogen, Volunteers, Northeastern
Region(lllinois), Suspended solids.
PB90-244393/H8U	PC A13/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab
Testing of Indoor Radon Reduction Techniques in
10 Maryland Houses. Final rept. Jan 87-Jun 89.
CDM Federal Programs Corp., Fairfax. VA.
D. G. Gllroy, and W. M. Kaschak. Jun 90,289p EPA/
600/8-90/056
Contract EPA-88-02-42B8
See also PB90-222704. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Nc Air
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The report gives results of testing of indoor radon re-
duction techniques in 19 existing houses in Maryland.
The focus was on passive measures: various passive
soil depressurization methods, where natural wind and
temperature effects are utilized to develop suction in
the system; and sealing of radon entry routes into the
house. Active (fan-assisted) soil depressurization tech-
niques were also tested. Passive soil depressurization
systems typically gave moderate radon reductions (30-
70%), although the reductions ranged from zero to
90%. Only two houses were reduced <4 pCi/L with
the passive systems. A passive system is most likely to
be successful when sub-slab communication is very
pood, when the house has a basement with no adjoin-
ing slab-on-grade or crawl-space wings, and when the
foundation walls are poured concrete instead of hollow
block. Entry route sealing as a stand-alone radon miti-
ation measure gave zero-50% reduction in the only
ouse where it was tested. Active soil depressuriza-
tion, tested in 18 houses, reduced 16 of them < 4 pCi/
L, and 12 of them <2 pCi/L; reductions were often
>90%. Poor sub-slab communication prevented this
approach from being fully successful in the other two
houses; later modifications to these two systems re-
duced these houses <4 pCi/L also.
Keywords: *Air pollution abatement, "Radon, Slabs.
Houses, Maryland, Revisions, Performance evalua-
tion, Sealing, Linings, Basements, 'Indoor air pollution,
'Depressurization, 'Soil-structure interactions, Radi-
ation monitoring, Mitigation.
PB90-244518/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
High Resolution immunogoid Localization of
'Giardia' Cyst Wall Antigens Using Field Emission
SEM with Secondary and Backscatter Electron
Imaging. Journal article.
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis.
S. L Erlandsen, W. J. Berwick, D. E. Schupp, J. M.
Shields, and E. J. Jarroll. c1990,10p EPA/600/J-90/
096
Grant EPA-R-814622
Pub. in Jnl. of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, v38
n5 P625-632 1990. Prepared in cooperation with
Cleveland State Univ., OH., Cleveland State Univ., OH.
Dept. of Biology, and Wisconsin Univ.-Madison. Spon-
sored by Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Cin-
cinnati, OH.
The report describes the ultrastructural localization of
Giardia cyst antigens in the filaments associated with
the outer portion of intact cysts and on developing cyst
wall filaments in encysting trophozoites. Postembed-
ding immunogoid labeling of thin sections of intact
Glardia cysts with polyclonal and monoclonal anti-
bodies specific for cyst wall antigens (major protein
bands of approximately 29,75,88. and 102 kilodaltons
on Western blots) showed strong labeling of the fila-
mentous cyst wall, while no labeling was seen on the
membranous portion. High resolution field emission
scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) of Giardia
cysts revealed that the cyst wall specific polyclonal
rabbit antisera and monoclonal mouse antibody pro-
duced gold labeling of 20 nm filaments in the cyst wall
as detected with secondary electron imaging (SEI) and
backscatter electron imaging (BEI) at 10 kv, despite
coating of the cells with platinum by ion sputtering.
FESEM studies of encysting Giardia trophozoites dem-
onstrated that immunostainlng with antibodies to cyst
wail antigens produced colloidal gold labeling of devel-
oping cyst wall filaments on the cell surface; however,
the intervening membrane domains were unlabeled.
(Copyright (c) 1990 by The Histochemical Society,
Keywords: 'Giardia, 'Parasitology, Cysts, Antigens,
Reprints, Immunohistochemistry, Scanning electron
microscopy, Monoclonal antibodies, Western blotting,
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
PB90-244732/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect of Radiofrequency Radiation Exposure on
Thermoregulation. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
C. J. Gordon. c1988, Bp EPA/600/J-88/S26
Pub. in Institute of Scientific Information - Atlas of Sci-
ence: Plants and Animals, v1 p245-250 Jan 88.
In the past 30 years there have been numerous studies
on the patho-physloioglcal effects of exposure to ra-
diofrequency (RF) radiation. It is clear that the majority
of these effects can be attributed to the thermogenic
action of RF radiation. During exposure to RF radiation
the thermoregulatory system activates heat dissipating
motor responses in an attempt to maintain thermal ho-
meostasis, similar to the response that occurs when
an animal is subjected to elevated environmental tem-
peratures. However, the data base on the thermoregu-
latory effects of RF radiation in experimental mammals
and man appears to be insufficient to develop totally
safe exposure guidelines for the general population.
(Copyright (c) ISl ATLAS OF SCIENCE, 1988.)
Keywords: 'Public health, 'Radiation effects, 'Ther-
moregulation, Exposure, Humans, Laboratory animals,
Guidelines, Body temperature, Physiological effects,
Reprints, 'Radiopathology, 'Radiofrequency.
PB90-244740/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Multiple Effects of Acid and Aluminum on Brood
Stock and Progeny of Fathead Minnows, with Em-
hasls on Hlstopatholoay. Journal article,
nvironmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
R. L. L. Leino, J. H. McCormick, and K. M. Jensen.
C1990,13p EPA/600/J-90/054
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Zoology, v68 p234-244 1990.
Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Univ.-Duluth,
and AScI Corp., Duluth, MN.
Thirty-day-old fathead minnows, Pimephales prome-
las, were reared at different pH values in softened
Lake Superior water enriched with aluminum: pH 7.5 -
35 micro 9 al/L, pH 5.5 - 30 micro g Al/L, pH 5.2 - 35
and 60 micro g Al/L, including a background level of
15 micro g Al/L, and at pH 7.5, 6.0, 5.5, and 5.2 at
background Al levels. Spawning was greatly reduced
at pH 6.0, pH 5.5 - 30 micro g Ai/L, and pH 5.5 and
failed at pH 5.2 with or without added Al. The adult
brood stock exhibited abnormalities at low pH, which
could have contributed to poor spawning success or
energy utilization: (i) thickened respiratory In the gills,
(II) hyperplasia of primary lamellar epithelium In the
gills, (lii) increased number of gill chloride cells, (Iv) re-
duced gill perfusion, (v) immature ovaries and oocyte
atresia, (vi) immature and pathologic testes, (vii) ab-
normal distal tubules and collecting ducts in the kid-
neys, and (viii) reduced blood osmolality at pH 5.5 and
5.2 when no Al was added. Hatching success and
larval survival were reduced when spawning occurred
at or below pH 6.0; these larvae often had retarded
swim bladder development and yolk absorption and
some stages had abnormal gills, kidneys, and liver gly-
cogen reserves. The study further supports the rela-
tionship between acidification, histological changes,
ionoregulatory disturbances, altered energy metabo-
lism, and recruitment failure.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Minnows, 'Pathology, *pH,
'Aluminum, Larvae, Reproduction(Bk)logy), Mutations,
Congenital abnormalities, Testis, Epithelium, Hyper-
plasia, Kidney, Liver, Ovary, Blood, Reprints, 'Water
pollution effects(Anlmals), 'Mutagenicity tests, 'Pime-
phales promelas, Gills, Egg yolk, Osmolar concentra-
tion, Energy metabolism.
PBtO-244757/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Aquatic Toxicology: Part 2 of a Four-Part Series.
Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
J. Cairns, and D. I. Mount. C1990,8p EPA/600/J-90/
053
Pub. in Environmental Science Technology, v24 n2
~154-161 1990. Prepared in cooperation with Virginia
Polytechnic Inst, and State Univ., Blacksburg.
The paper describes the need for an array of standard-
ized tests for regulatory purposes. The use of microor-
ganisms for toxicity testing is proposed as an alterna-
tive to the use of larger animals both to economize and
to partially placate the animal rights enthusiasts. The
use of littoral enclosures, an economical alternative to
larger mesocosms allows for true replication and con-
trol of test systems. The need for ecologists and eco-
toxicologists to interact frequently in order to improve
the precision and accuracy of their predictions Is ad-
dressed. (Copyright (c) 1990 American Chemical Soci-
ety.)
Keywords: 'Aquatic microbiology, "Toxicity, 'Ecology,
Bioassay, Pesticides, Reprints, 'Environmental moni-
toring, 'Water pollution effects(Animals), Test meth-
ods, Time factors.
PB90-245242/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Foliar Leaching and Root Uptake of Ca, Mg and K
in Relation to Acid Fog Effects on Douglas-Fir.
Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. P. Turner, and D. T. Tingey. c1990,12p EPA/600/J-
90/069
Pub. in Water, Air and Soil Pollution, v48 p205-214
1990. Prepared in cooperation with NSI Technology
Services Corp., Corvallis, OR.
The impact of acid fog on foliar leaching and root
uptake of Ca, Mg, and K by Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga
menziesii) seedlings was examined. In a factorial ex-
periment, 1-year old seedlings were grown in a solu-
tion culture at two levels of nutrient availability (low and
moderate) and exposed twice a week (4 hr per event)
for 12 weeks to fog at pH 5.6 or pH 3.1. Throughfall en-
richment of Ca, Mg and K was determined from drip
collectors at the base of each seedling and root
uptake rates for trees under the moderate nutrient
regime were evaluated by monitoring nutrient solution
depletion. Throughfall enrichment was higher in the pH
3.1 fog than the pH 5.6 fog but much of the enrichment
appeared to be wash off of precipitate from previous
fogs. The amounts of nutrients coming off of the foli-
age with the low pH fog were small relative to the daily
uptake rates. Foliar concentrations of K and Mg at the
end of the exposures were lower under the low nutrient
regime but were not affected by fog pH. Comparisons
of wax weight and examinations of epicuticular wax by
electron microscopy did not indicate a significant
impact from exposure to the low pH fog. (Copyright (c)
1990 Kluwer Academic Publishers.)
Keywords: 4Fog, 'Acidification, "Fir trees, Plant ecolo-
gy, Nutrients, pH, Leaching, Exposure, Plant growth,
Experimental design, Vegetation, Forestry, Reprints,
•Air pollution effects(Plants), 'Root adsorption, Envi-
ronmental effects, Acid rain.
PB90-245259/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Improved Method for Measuring Aerosol Strong
Acidity: Results from a Nine-Month Study In St.
Louis, Missouri and Kingston, Tennessee. Journal
article.
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
P. Koutrakis, J. M. Wolfson, and J. D. Spengler. c1988,
8p EPA/600/J-88/527
Contract EPA-R-811650
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v22 n1 p157-162
Feb 88. Prepared in cooperation with Health Effects
Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
An improved method for measuring strong acidity of at-
mospheric aerosols is presented. An ammonia diffu-
sion denuder was developed to prevent neutralization
of the acidic aerosol samples. In addition, a new pro-
cedure for protecting samples during shipment and
analysis was used. An increase in the sensitivity of the
analysis was achieved by extraction of the aerosol
sample in a small solution volume, 3 ml, of .0001 N
HCI04, and the use of a microelectrode for pH deter-
mination. Finally, results from a nine-month study in St.
Louis, Missouri and Kingston, Tennessee are given.
(Copyright (c) 1988 Pergamon Journals Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Aerosols, 'Acidity, Oxidation, Atmospher-
ic chemistry, Sample preparation, pH, Ozone, Nitric
acid, Sulfunc acid, Reprints, 'Air pollution detection,
'Saint LouisfMissouri), *Kingston(Tennessee), Case
studies.
PB90-245267/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Reductive Dehalogenation of a Nitrogen Hetero-
cyclic Herbicide In Anoxic Aquifer Slurries. Journal
article.
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Dept. of Botany and Micro-
biology.
N. R. Adrian, and J. M. Suflita. c1990, 5p EPA/600/J-
90/098
Contract EPA-R-812808
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v56
m p292-294 Jan 90. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr En-
vironmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
The metabolic fate of bromacil in anaerobic aquifer
slurries held under denitrifying, sulfate-reducing, or
methanogenic conditions was studied. Liquid chroma-
tography-maas spectrometry of the alurries confirmed
that bromacil was denominated under methanogenic
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
conditions but was not degraded under the other incu-
bation conditions. The finding extends the range of aryl
reductive dehalogenation reactions to include nitrogen
heterocyclic compounds. (Copyright (c) 1990 Ameri-
can Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Aquifers, "Herbicides, "Nitrogen heterocy-
clic compounds, 'Water pollution, Biodeterioration,
Anaerobic conditions, Reduction(Chemistry), Halogen-
ation, Mass spectroscopy, Reprints, 'Methanogenic
bacteria, Bromacil, High pressure liquid chromatogra-
phy.
PB90-245275/HSU	PC AQ3/MF A01
Assessing Detoxification and Degradation of
Wood Preserving and Petroleum Wastes in Con-
taminated Soil. Journal article.
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
W. Aprill, R. C. Sims, J. L. Sims, and J. E. Matthews.
C1990,23p EPA/600/J-90/099
Pub. in Waste Management and Research, v8 n1 p45-
65 Feb 90. Prepared in cooperation with Utah State
Univ., Logan. Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engi-
neering.
The study was undertaken to evaluate in-situ soil bior-
emediation processes, including degradation and de-
toxification, for wood preserving and petroleum refin-
ing wastes at high concentrations in an unacclimated
soil. The soil solid phase, water soluble fractions of
soil, and column leachates were evaluated. A muta-
genic potential assay (Ames assay) and an aqueous
toxicity assay (Microtox(TM) assay) were used to
evaluate detoxification; high performance liquid chro-
matography was used to evaluate chemical concentra-
tion and degradation for eight polynuclear aromatic hy-
drocarbons (PAHs). The group of noncarcinogenic
PAHs studied demonstrated greater degradation,
ranging from 54-90% of mass added for the wastes;
the carcinogenic group of PAHs studied exhibited deg-
radation ranging from 24-53% of mass added. Al-
though no mutagenicity was observed in waste/soil
mixtures after one year, Microtox(TM) toxicity was ob-
served in water soluble fractions and in leachate sam-
ples. Integration of information concerning degrada-
tion of hazardous constituents with bioassay informa-
tion represents an approach for designing treatability
studies and for evaluating effectiveness of in-situ soil
bioremediation. When combined with information from
waste, site, and soil characterization studies, data gen-
erated in treatability studies may be used in predictive
models to: evaluate effectiveness of on-site soil biore-
mediation; develop appropriate containment struc-
tures to prevent unacceptable waste transport from
the treatment zone; and design performance monitor-
ing strategies. (Copyright (c) 1990ISWA.)
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Biodeterioration, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Detoxification, Assessments, Wood
preservatives, Petroleum refining, Aromatic polycyclic
hydrocarbons, Bioassays, Performance evaluation,
Site surveys, Leaching, Carcinogens, Reprints, 'Soil
contamination, 'Remedial action, Site characteriza-
tion, Mutagen screening, Environmental transport, En-
vironmental monitoring.
PB90-245283/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
OASIS: A Graphical Decision Support System for
Ground-Water Contaminant Modeling. Journal arti-
cle.
Groundwater Services, Inc., Houston, TX.
C. J. Newell, J. F. Haasbeek, and P. B. Bedient. c1990,
13p EPA/600/J-90/100
Contract EPA-R-814495
Pub. in Ground Water, v28 n2 p224-234 Mar-Apr 90.
Prepared in cooperation with National Center for
Ground Water Research, Norman, OK. Sponsored by
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
The decision support software described in the paper,
the OASIS system, provides ground-water modelers
with a ground-water biodegradation model, model doc-
umentation, background information, data from chemi-
cal and hydrogeologic databases, and data manage-
ment tools. The system was developed using Hyper-
Card software on a Macintosh personal computer. It
currently has over 1700 different computer screens of
software where ground-water models, data, and
1626 Vol. 90, No. 24
knowledge are integrated together using a graphical
interface and an easily modified software architecture.
Two groups of users can benefit from the system: cur-
rent modelers who need more efficient interfaces and
data management tools, and people who are not using
models now because the modeling process is too in-
volved and requires special knowledge.
Keywords: 'Ground water, "Contaminants, 'Mathe-
matical models, Water pollution, Computer graphics,
Biodeterioration, Reprints, "Decision support systems,
Computer applications, Data bases, Data manage-
ment, Man computer systems, Object oriented pro-
gramming.
PB90-245291/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Ground Water Transport of Hydrophobic Organic
Compounds in the Presence of Dissolved Organic
Matter. Journal article.
National Center for Ground Water Research, Norman,
OK.
A. T. Kan, and M. B. Tomson. C1990,13p EPA/600/J-
90/101
Contract EPA-R-812808
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v9
n3 p253-263 Mar 90. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr En-
vironmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
The effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the
transport of hydrophobic organic compounds in soil
columns were investigated. Three compounds (naph-
thalene, phenanthrene and DDT) that spanned three
orders of magnitude in water solubility were used. In-
stead of humic matter, molecularly well-defined DOM
represented by Triton X-100, a nonionic industrial de-
tergent, and bovine serum albumin protein were used.
In batch isotherm studies, the sorption of naphthalene
to both model DOMs appeared to be hydrophobic in
nature and quantitatively similar to the binding to
humic materials. Equations were derived to model the
enhanced transport of organic compounds by DOM
based on octanol/water partition coefficients, K(sub
ow). For a specific soil and DOM level, it was shown
theoretically and experimentally that all organic com-
pounds with K(sub ow) values above a specific value
should move at the same rate in ground water. In some
situations, DOM can increase the movement of highly
hydrophobic compounds, such as DDT, by a factor of a
thousand or more. This enhanced transport in the
presence of DOM can either be a problem, as with
ground water contaminant spreading, or a benefit, as
with contaminated aquifer cleanup. (Copyright (c) 1990
SETAC.)
Keywords: "Organic compounds, 'Ground water,
'Water pollution, Naphthalene, Aquifers, Solubility,
Water chemistry, Sediments, Sorption, pH, Phenan-
threne, DDT, Soil surveys, Surfactants, Pesticides,
Mathematical models, Experimental design, Reprints,
'Organic matter, 'Environmental transport, Cleanup
operations, Dissolved solids, Path of pollutants,
Humus, Sediment-water interfaces.
PB90-245309/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Reliability and Applicability of DSTs and Bottom-
hole Pressure Measurements In Texas Gulf Coast
Tertiary Formations. Journal article.
Texas Univ. at Austin. Bureau of Economic Geology.
M. S. Akhter, and C. W. Kreitler. C1990,19p EPA/600/
J-90/102
Contract EPA-R-812786
Pub. in Jnl. of Petroleum Science and Engineering, v3
n4 p287-303 Jan 90. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr En-
vironmental Research Lab., Ada, OK.
Pressure data gathered from drillstem tests (DSTs)
and bottomhole pressure measurements provide criti-
cal information toward formation evaluation and can
be used for an assessment of prevailing pressure re-
gimes and their influence on the migration potential of
formation fluids. Reliability of such pressure data is an
issue of major concern in reservoir engineering prac-
tice and can be established through an appropriate
screening procedure.
Keywords: "Reservoir engineering, 'Pressure meas-
urement, 'Formation pressure, *Bottom hole pres-
sure, Pressure gradients, Oil reservoirs, Texas, Forma-
tion tests, Observation wells, Petroleum engineering,
Petroleum geology, Reprints.
PB90-245317/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Prediction of Transient Behavior during Batch In-
cineration of Liquid Wastes in Rotary Kilns. Jour-
nal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. O. L. Wendt, W. P. Linak, and P. M. Lemieux. C1990
16p EPA/600/J-90/056
Pub. in Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials, v7
n1 p41-54 Winter 1990. Prepared in cooperation with
Arizona Univ., Tucson. Dept. of Chemical Engineering.
The paper discusses a theoretical model which was
designed to: (1) provide insight into why, for liquid
wastes, 'puffs' are very easily generated, and why their
magnitudes and intensities increase with increasing
kiln temperature and speed of rotation; and (2) predict
how the generation of puffs in general is controlled by
waste properties, sorbent properties, and kiln operat-
ing parameters. When containerized liquid wastes,
bound on sorbents, are introduced into a rotary kiln in a
batch mode, transient phenomena involving vaporiza-
tion of the waste, and mass and heat transfer into the
sorbent can allow a rapid release of water vapor into
the kiln environment, a displacement of excess oxygen
from the primary flame, and formation of a puff. This
transient puff then travels to the afterburner and, if it is
too large, can result in a failure mode of the incinerator
system. Previous experimental work has been per-
formed by EPA on a specially designed rotary kiln in-
cinerator simulator.
Keywords: 'Mathematical models, 'Kilns, 'Transient
response, Incinerators, Operating, Sorbents, Temper-
ature, Velocity, Water vapor, Afterburning, Reprints,
'Liquid waste disposal.
PB90-24532S/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lslb
Impact of Heating and Air Conditioning System
Operation and Leakage on Ventilation and Inter-
compartment Transport: Studies in Unoccupied
and Occupied Tennessee Valley Homes. Journal
article.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN. Health and Safety Re-
search Div.
T. G. Matthews, D. L. Wilson, C. V. Thompson, K. P.
Monar, and C. S. Dudney. c1990,7p EPA/600/J-90/
057
Contract EPA-IAG-40-1536-84
Pub. in Jnl. of Air Waste Management Association, v40
n2 p194-198 Feb 90. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper gives results of a study (in both occupied
and unoccupied houses in the Tennessee Valley) of
the Impact of heating and air-conditioning (HAC)
system operation and leakage on ventilation and inter-
compartment transport. Forced-air HAC systems
caused an average and maximum increase in air infil-
tration rates of 1.8- and 4.3-fold, respectively, during
brief whole-house studies of tracer gas decay in 39 oc-
cupied houses. An average increase in air infiltration
rate of 0.33+/-0.37/h corresponded to an incremen-
tal air leak of 240 cu m/h, based on approximate
house volume. More detailed tracer gas decay studies
were performed in basements, kitchens, and bed-
rooms of six houses with low infiltration rates. The
HAC mixed the indoor air efficiently between measure-
ment sites. HAC operation also caused 1.1- to 3.6-fold
increases in air infiltration rates, corresponding to ab-
solute increases of 0.02 to 0.1 /h. In an unoccupied re-
search house, 3-fold increases in average air Infiltra-
tion rate with HAC operation were reduced to 2-foid bv
sealing the external HAC unit and crawlspace duct-
work system.
Keywords: 'Ventilation, 'Heating, 'Air conditionina
'Residential buildings, Leakage, Air flow, Air circula-
tion, Pollution control, Fluid infiltration, Mixing, Re.
prints, *HVAC systems, 'Indoor air pollution.
PB90-24S333/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab
Emissions of Perchloroethylene from Dry Cleans
Fabrics. Journal article.	¦"¦"•a
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
B. A. Tichenor, L. E. Sparks, M. D. Jackson, Z. Quo
and M. A. Mason. c1990,13p EPA/600/J-90/058 '
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v24A n5 p1219-
1229 1990. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lab.
The paper gives results of an evaluation of emissions
of perchloroethylene (tetrachloroethylene) from dry
cleaned fabrics to determine: how introducing fresh
dry cleaning into a home affects the indoor concentra-
tion of perchloroethylene, and the effectiveness of
'airing out' dry cleaned clothes in reducing perchlor-
oethylene emissions. Small chamber tests were con-
ducted to determine perchloroethylene emission char-
acteristics for three fabrics at several air exchange
rates. Test house studies were conducted to deter-
mine the indoor concentration of perchloroethylene
due to the placement of dry cleaned clothing in the
house. Assuming that test conditions were representa-
tive of normal dry cleaning and consumer practices,
study results indicated that: (1) emissions from freshly
dry cleaned clothing cause elevated levels of perchlor-
oethylene in residences, (2) for the three fabrics
tested, 'airing out' dry cleaned clothing by consumers
will not be effective in reducing perchloroethylene
emissions, and (3) adsorptive surfaces (i.e., sinks) in
residences can have a major impact on consumer ex-
posure to perchloroethylene. It is emphasized that
these conclusions are based on the results of the re-
ported study. Significant variations in dry cleaning
practices and/or in the mix of fabrics and clothing
being cleaned could provide different results and con-
clusions.
Keywords: 'Tetrachloroethylene, 'Dry cleaning, "Air
pollution control, Test chambers, Residential buildings,
Concentration(Composition), Houses, Fabrics, Expo-
sure, Public health, Adsorption, Mathematical models,
Clothing, Reprints, 'Indoor air pollution, Air quality,
Emission factors.
RB90-245341 /HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Evaluating SourcM of Indoor Air Pollution, Jour-
nal Article. Rept. for Mar 88-May 89.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
B. A. Tichenor, L. E. Sparks, J. B. White, and M. D.
Jackson. cApr 90,8p EPA/600/J-90/055
Pub. in Jnl. of Air Waste Management Association, v40
n4 p487-492 Apr 90. See also PB88-211685.
The article discusses a three-phase approach, em-
ploying environmental chambers, indoor air quality
(IAQ) models, and test house experiments, that is ef-
fective in linking sources of indoor pollutants to meas-
ured concentrations. Emission factors developed in
test chambers can be used to evaluate full-scale
indoor environments. A PC-based IAQ model has been
developed that can accurately predict indoor concen-
trations of specific pollutants under controlled condi-
tions in a test house. The model is also useful in exam-
ining the effect of pollutant sinks and variations in ven-
tilation parameters. Pollutants were examined from:
para-dichlorobenzene emissions from moth crystal
cakes, and particulate emissions from unvented kero-
sene heaters. However, the approach has not been
validated for other source types.
Keywords: Computerized simulation, Test chambers,
Concentration(Composition), Ventilation, Particles,
Space heaters, Houses, Experimental design, Re-
prints, 'Pollution sources, 'Indoor air pollution, Air
quality, Benzene/dichloro, Emission factors.
PB90-245358/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Prevalence of 'Qiardla' spp. In Beaver and Musk-
rat Population* In Northeastern States and Minne-
sota: Detection of Intestinal Trophozoite* at Ne-
cropsy Provides Greater Sensitivity than Detec-
tion of Cy*t* In Facal Sample*. Journal article.
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Medical School.
S. L. Erlandsen, L. A. Sherlock, W. J. Bemrick, H.
Ghobrial, and W. Jakubowskl. c1990,8p EPA/600/J-
90/094
Contract EPA-R-811834
Pub. In Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v56
n1 p31-36 1 990. Prepared in cooperation with Minne-
sota Univ., St. Paul. Coll. of Veterinary Medicine. Spon-
sored by Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Cin-
cinnati, OH.
Surveys on the prevalence of Giardla in animal popula-
tions have relied on the detection of cysts in fecal sam-
ples. The prevalence of Giardia in beaver and muskrat
in four New England states plus Minnesota using both
the detection of trophozoites in mucosal scrapings
from live-trapped animals at necropsy, and/or by the
detection of cysts in fecal samples collected from kid-
trapped animals has been determined. In muskrats the
prevalence of infection was 36.6% by cyst detection in
fecal samples (N = 790) from kill-trapped animals while
infection was 95.9% in live-trapped muskrats when in-
testinal contents were analyzed for trophozoites
(N=219). Similarly, in beavers, Infection was 9.2% by
cyst detection in fecal samples (N=662) from kill-
trapped beavers whereas 13.7% of live-trapped ani-
mals (N=302) examined for trophozoites were infect-
ed. The detection of trophozoites in mucosal scrapings
from live-trapped animals consistently yielded signifi-
cantly higher prevalences for both muskrats and bea-
vers than did detection of cysts in fecal samples.
(Copyright (c) 1990 American Society for Microbiolo-
gy)
Keywords: 'Giardia, 'Feces, 'Rodents, 'Intestines,
'Parasitology, Minnesota, Cysts, Body weight, Epide-
miology, Reprints, 'Trophozoites, New England,
Mucus membranes.
PB90-245366/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Cincinnati,
OH.
Detection of Giardia muri* and Qiardla lambda
Cyst* by Immunofluorescence in Animal Tissue*
and Fecal Samples Subjected to Cycles of Freez-
ing and Thawing. Journal article.
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Medical School.
S. L. Erlandsen, L. A. Sherlock, and W. J. Bemrick.
C1990, 7p EPA/600/J-90/095
Contract EPA-R-814622
Pub. in Jnl. of Parasitology, v76 n2 p267-271 1990.
Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Univ., St.
Paul. Coll. of Veterinary Medicine. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
The effects of freezing and thawing on the detection of
selected Giardia spp. cysts were investigated using im-
munofluorescence, bright field microscopy, and low
voltage scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Giardia
muris cysts were obtained from either animal car-
casses, fecal pellets, or isolated cyst preparations,
while Giardia lamblia cysts were isolated from fecal
samples. These samples were stained using an im-
munofluorescence technique after 1 to 3 freezing (-16
C) and thawing (20 C) cycles. Cysts were detected
successfully by immunofluorescence in all samples.
However, in those samples subjected to freeze-tnaw-
ing, the cyst walls often became distorted and then
were not detectable by bright field microscopy. Low
voltage SEM demonstrated that the filaments in the
distorted cyst wall underwent rearrangements of inter-
filament spacing. Quantitation of cyst recovery after
freezing and thawing demonstrated that a substantial
loss occurred after 1 cycle of alternating temperature
when low concentrations of cysts were used, but not
with high concentrations of cysts. Cyst recovery, after
3 freezing and thawing cycles, was dramatically low-
ered irrespective of the initial cyst concentration.
(Copyright (c) American Society of Parasitologists.)
Keywords: 'Giardia, 'Tissues(Biology), 'Feces, 'Para-
sitology, Freezing, Cysts, Melting, Reprints, 'Giardia
muris, 'Giardia lamblia, Fluorescent antibody technic,
Scanning electron microscopy.
PB90-245374/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Subacute and Subchronic Toxicity of Ethylene
Glycol Administered In Drinking Water to Spra-
gue-Dawley Rat*. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
M. Robinson, C. L. Pond, R. D. Laurie, J. P. Bercz, and
G. Henningsen. C1990,30p EPA/600/J-90/090
Pub. in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, v13 n1 p43-70
Mar 90. Prepared in cooperation with Pathology Asso-
ciates, Inc., West Chester, OH., Procter and Gamble
Co., Cincinnati, OH., Harry G. Armstrong Aerospace
Medical Research Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH.,
and Army Dugway Proving Ground, UT.
Subacute (10-day) and subchronic (90-day) toxicity
studies of ethylene glycol (EG) were conducted in
male and female Sprague-Dawley rats to provide the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office
of Drinking Water with toxicity data for final preparation
of a Health Advisory for the chemical. Ethylene glycol
was administered in drinking water at concentrations
of 0.5,1.0, 2.0, and 4.0% for both sexes in the 10-day
study. Based on a projected consumption rate of 100
ml/kg/day, the respective doses on a mg/ka/day
basis would be 554, 1108, 2216, and 4432. These
dose levels were also used in the 90-day study for fe-
males, but dose levels for the males in the 90-day
study were 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0% (227, 554, 1108,
and 2216 mg/kg/day). Hemoglobin, hematocrit, eiyth-
rocytes, and leukocytes were all significantly de-
creased in female rats, receiving 4% EG for 10 days.
The most significant histopathological findings, seen
predominantly in males, were kidney lesions.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Ethylene glycol, Pathology, Po-
table water, Body weight, Water consumption, Food
consumption, Blood chemical analysis, Kidney, Re-
prints, Sprague-Dawley rats, Dose-response relation-
ships, Organ weight, Sex factors.
PB90-245382/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
Waterborne Disease Outbreaks, 1986-1988. Jour-
nal article.
Center for Infectious Diseases, Atlanta, GA.
W. C. Levine, W. T. Stephenson, and G. F. Craun.
C1990,17p EPA/600/J-90/089
Pub. in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, v39 ss1
p1-13 Mar 90. See also PB85-128171. Sponsored by
Health Effects Research Lab., Cincinnati, OH.
From 1986 to 1988,24 states and Puerto Rico report-
ed 50 outbreaks of illness due to water that people in-
tended to drink, affecting 25,846 persons. The proto-
zoal parasite Giardia lamblia was the agent most com-
monly implicated in outbreaks, as it has been for the
last 10 years; many of the outbreaks were associated
with ingestion of chlorinated but unfiltered surface
water. Shigella sonnei was the most commonly impli-
cated bacterial pathogen; in outbreaks caused by the
pathogen, water supplies were found to be contami-
nated with human waste. Cryptosporidium contamina-
tion of a chlorinated, filtered public water supply
caused the largest outbreak during this period, affect-
ing an estimated 13,000 persons. Although the total
number of reported water-related outbreaks has been
declining in recent years, the few large outbreaks due
to Cryptosporidium, Norwalk-like agent, Shigella
sonnei, and Giardia lamblia caused more cases of ill-
ness in 1987 than have been reported to the Water-
Related Disease Outbreak Surveillance System for
any other year since CDC and the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency began tabulating these data in 1971.
Keywords: 'Aquatic microbiology, 'Epidemiology,
'Public health. Preventive medicine, Giardia, Pseudo-
monas, Shigella sonnei, Diarrhea, Swimming, Baths,
Water contamination, Reprints, 'Disease outbreaks,
Cryptosporidium, Norwalk agent.
PB90-245390/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park. NC.
Formation and Persistence of DNA Adducts In the
Liver of Brown Bullhsads Exposed to
Benzo(a)Pyrene. Journal article.
State Univ. of New York Coll. at Buffalo. Great Lakes
Lab.
H. C. Sikka, J. P. Rutkowski, C. Kandaswami, S.
Kumar, and K. Earley. C1990,9p EPA/600/J-90/087
Contract EPA-R-813840
Pub. in Jnl. Cancer Letters v49 p81-87 Apr 90. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Baylor Coll. of Medicine,
Houston, TX. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The formation and persistence of benzo(a)pyrene
(BP)-DNA adducts in the liver of brown bullheads (Icta-
lurus nebulosus) treated with the hydrocarbon (20 mg/
kg body wt, i.p.) was investigated using the (sup 32)P-
postlabeling assay. The highest level of covalent bind-
ing of BP to liver DNA (188 fmol BP adducts/mg DNA)
was observed 25-30 days following treatment. After 70
days, the adduct level in liver DNA had declined to ap-
proximately 26% of the maximum adduct level. The
data suggest that brown bullheads metabolically acti-
vate BP by the same mechanism as the mammalian
systems susceptible to carcinogenic effects of the hy-
drocarbon. (Copyright (c) 1990 Elsevier Scientific Pub-
lishers Ireland Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Fresh water fishes, 'Toxicology, Liver,
TissuestBiology), Liquid chromatography, Reprints,
*DNA damage, *Benzo(a)pyrene, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Mutagenicity tests. Binding sites,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Metabolic activation, Carcinogenicity tests, Autoradio-
graphy, *lctalurus nebulosus.
PB90-245408/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
National Science Foundation, Washington, DC,
Calculations of pK Differences between Structur-
ally Similar Compounds. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
A. A. Rashin, J. R. Rabinowitz, and J. R. Bandelder.
C1990, 7p EPA/600/J-90/085
Pub. in Jnl. of the American Chemical Society, v11 2
p4133-4137 May 90. Prepared in cooperation with
Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York. Sponsored
by National Science Foundation, Washington, DC.
An attempt is made to find out whether accurate calcu-
lations of pK differences in series of biologically active
compounds are feasible. The computational method
used employs a combination of quantum mechanical
calculations of the vacuum proton affinities, and a new
method for calculation of hydration energies based on
a continuum representation of the solvent. Application
of the method to the calculations of pK differences be-
tween congeners of imidazolium shown that experi-
mental values of such differences can be computation-
ally predicted within one pK unit for pairs of congeners
differing in the hydrogen to methyl substitution or in the
position of the same substituent in the molecule. How-
ever, calculated values deviate from the experimental
ones by more than four pK units for the pairs of con-
geners differing in the substitution of the hydrogen or
methyl group to chloro- or nitro- group. The deviations
from experimental values found for the substitutions
may be attributed to errors in the calculated proton af-
finities in vacuum that do not cancel for substitutions
involving groups with very different chemical proper-
ties.
Keywords: "Nuclear binding energy, 'Molecular struc-
ture, Enthalpy, Mutations, Hydration, Histamines, Imi-
dazoles, Reprints, 'Competitive binding, Neuroregula-
PB90-245416/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Thermal Biology of the Laboratory Rat. Journal ar-
ticle.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Neurotoxicology Div.
C. J. Gordon. C1990,30p EPA/600/J-90/086
Pub. in Physiology and Behavior, v47 n4 p963-991 Apr
90.
In view of the array of thermal interactions commonly
reported in physiological, pharmacological and behav-
ioral studies of the rat, it would be timely to thoroughly
review and develop a data base of the basic thermore-
gulatory parameters of the laboratory rat. The review
contains the pertinent papers dealing with the thermal
biology of the laboratory rat, including; metabolism,
thermoneutrality, core and brain temperature, thermal
tolerance, thermal conductance and insulation, ther-
moregulatory effectors (i.e., thermogenesis, peripheral
vasomotor tone, evaporation, and behavior), thermal
acclimation, growth and reproduction, ontogeny,
aging, motor activity and exercise, circadian rhythm
and sleep, gender differences, and other parameters.
It is shown that the laboratory rat exhibits unique ther-
moregulatory responses compared to other rodents.
Keywords: Aging(Biology), Reproduction(Biology),
Growth(Biology), Rats, Metabolism, Brain,
Tolerances(Pnysiology), Circadian rhythms, Sleep, Re-
views, Reprints, 'Body temperature regulation. Motor
activity.
PB90-245424/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.	u
Structural Basis of the Mutagenicity of Chemicals
In Salmonella Typhlmurlum: The Gene-Tox Data
Base. Journal article.
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH.
G. Klopman, M. R. Frierson, and H. S. Rosenkranz.
c1990, 52p EPA/600/J-90/084
Contract EPA-R-812264
Pub. in Jnl. of Mutation Research, v228, n1 p1-50 Jan
90. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
The CASE structure-activity methodology has bean
applied to a Gene-Tox derived Salmonella mutagenic-
ity data base consisting of 808 chemicals. Based upon
qualitative structural features, CASE identified 29 acti-
vating and 3 inactivating structural determinants which
correctly predicted the probability of carcinogenicity of
93.7% of the known mutagens and non-mutagens in
the data base (sensitivity = 0.998, and specificity =
0.696). Additionally, based upon a quantitative struc-
ture activity analysis, CASE'S performance was even
better, leading to a sensitivity of 0.981 and a specificity
of 1.000. Using the structural determinants identified in
the data base, CASE gave excellent predictions of the
mutagenicity of chemicals not included in the data
base. The identified biophores and biophobes can also
be used to investigate the structural basis of the muta-
genicity of various chemical classes.
Keywords: 'Salmonella typhimurium, 'Toxicity,
Tables(Data), Molecular structure, Reprints, 'Mutage-
nicity tests, 'Toxic substances, Gene-Tox data base,
CASE computer program, Carcinogenicity tests, Struc-
ture-activity relationship.
PB90-245432/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Oncogene Alterations In In vitro Transformed Rat
Tracheal Epithelial Cells. Journal article.
Environmental Health Research and Testing, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
M. J. Mass, N. S. Schorschinsky, J. A. Lasley, D. K.
Beeman, and S. J. Austin. c1990,10p EPA/600/J-90/
083
Contract EPA-68-02-4456
Pub. in Mutation Research Letters, v243 n4 p291-298
Apr 90. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Ten derivations of rat tracheal epithelial (RTE) cells, in-
cluding normal cells, normal primary cultures, 7 tumori-
genic cell lines and 1 non-tumorigenic cell line trans-
formed in vitro by treatment with 7,12-
dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), benzo(a)pyrene
and/or 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)
were examined for oncogene alterations. The analy-
ses included amplification, restriction length polymor-
phisms (RFLPs), and changes in the expression of
RNA transcripts of Ha-ras, Ki-ras, and c-myc. Two
DMBA-derlved cell lines displayed RFLPs after Eco PI
digestion and probing for Ki-ras. No abnormalities of
Ha-ras were seen after digestion with Bam HI, Eco Rl,
or Hind III. No extra Pst I (Ha-ras codon 12, GGA to
CGA) or Xba I (Ha-ras codon 61, CAA to CTA) sites
were seen after probing for Ha-ras. In one cell line de-
rived by DMBA-treatment, changes In the c-myc re-
striction pattern were seen after digestion with Bam HI
and Hind III. Analysis of CCGG sequences by Hpa II/
Msp I digestion indicated that Ki-ras was highly methy-
lated, Ha-ras exhibited limited methylation, and c-myc
CCGG sequences were not methylated. In addition,
normal cells removed from tracheas and those in pri-
mary cultures displayed Hpa II digestion patterns that
were distinguishable from those of transformed cell
lines by the presence of an apparent extra methylation
site. (Copyright (c) 1990 Elsevier Science Publishers
B.V. (Biomedical Division).)
Keywords: 'Trachea, 'Epithelium, 'Toxicology, In vitro
analysis, Cells(Biology), Methylation, Reprints, 'Onco-
genes, 'Neoplastic cell transformation, Ras genes,
Genetic transcription, Gene amplification, Restriction
fragmet length polymorphism, Northern blotting, Base
sequence, Codon, Benzo(a)pyrene, Benzanthracene/
dimethyl, Transfection, Southern blotting.
PB0O-24544O/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park. NC.
Preparation for Human Study of Pesticide Appli-
cators: Sister Chromatid Exchanges and Chromo-
some Abberrstlons In Cultured Human Lympho-
cytes Exposed to Selected Fumigants. Journal arti-
cle.
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis.
V. F. Garry, R. L. Nelson, J. Griffith, and M. Harkins.
C1990,11p EPA/800/J-90/082
Contract EPA-R-813008
Pub. in Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagen-
esis, v10 p2l-29 Jan 90. Sponsored by Health Effects
Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
In the project, it was wished to establish beforehand
the possible genotoxic effects of selected pesticides,
including several fumigants and one organophosphate
(OP) in vitro in anticipation of a human study of geno-
toxicity of exposed fumigant/pesticide applicators.
The process was essential to the study since common-
ly used fumigants have not been extensively studied
for genotoxicity. The objective was to examine wheth-
er or not in vitro cytogenetic evaluation would be pre-
dictive of an in vivo effect of the fumigants under con-
ditions of normal use. Since human exposure may be
at a relatively low level and for short duration (an hour
or less), it was attempted to use in vitro conditions to
mimic acute short term in vivo exposure. (Copyright (c)
1990Wiley-Liss, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Lymphocytes, 'Pesticides,
Humans, In vivo analysis, In vitro analysis, Exposure,
Malathion, Carbon tetrachloride, Reprints, 'Chromo-
some aberrations, 'Sister chromatid exchange, 'Muta-
genicity tests, Cultured cells, Carbon sulfide, Chloro-
pierin, Methyl bromide, Metabolic activation.
PB90-245457/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Approach to the Design of Nonmutagenlc Azo
Dyes; Analogs of the Mutagens CI Direct Black 17.
Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Genetic Toxicology Div.
H. S. Freeman, J. F. Esancy, and L. D. Claxton. C1990,
18p EPA/600/J-90/081
Pub. in Dyes and Pigments, v13 p55-70 Jan 90. Pre-
pared in cooperation with North Carolina State Univ. at
Raleigh. Dept. of Textile Chemistry.
The effect on mutagenicity caused by incorporating an
alkoxy substituent into the structure of a disazo hydro-
philic dye has been investigated. The results of the
study indicate that while bulky alkoxy groups are useful
in lowering the mutagenicity of certain analogs of CI
Direct Black 17, the decrease observed is less than
that noted for a series of monoazo disperse dyes. The
color and fastness properties of the novel disazo dyes
are also described.
Keywords: *Azo dyes, 'Mutagens, 'Disazo com-
pounds, Alkoxy compounds, Colorfastness, Textile fin-
ishing, Disperse dyes, Spectroscopy, Reprints,
Black(Color), Synthesis(Chemistry).
PB90-24S465/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pulmonary Effects Due to Subchronlc Exposure
to Oil Fog. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Inhalation Toxicology Div.
M. K. Selgrade, G. E. Hatch, E. C. Grose, A. G. Stead,
and F. J. Miller. c1990,23p EP A/800/J-90/080
Pub. in Jnl. Toxicology Environmental Health, v6 n1
p123-143 Jan 90. See also PB88-139639. Prepared in
cooperation with Experimental Pathology Labs., Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC., and Northrop Services,
Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Male rats were exposed to an oil fog generated by
flash vaporization and subsequent condensation of
lightweight lubricating oil. Exposures were for 3.5 h/d
4d/wk for 13 wk, at concentrations of 1.5, 0.5, 0.2 or
0.0 mg/l (1500, 500, 200, and 0 mg/cu m) and a parti-
cle size of approximately 1 micro m (mass median aer-
odynamic diameter). A number of biologic endpoints
were assessed the day after the last exposure and, in
some cases, after a 4 wk recovery penod. Effects of
1.5 mg/l on male and female rats were compared. Dif-
fuse accumulation of macrophages in the alveoli was
observed in all oil fog exposed groups. The degree of
severity was concentration dependent. Histopatholo-
gic changes were more prominent in males than in fe-
males and represented the most notable gender-relat-
ed differences. Histologic effects observed one day
and 4 wk post exposure were similar. Minimal histo-
pathologic changes and minimal increase in lavage
fluid protein were the only effects observed at the 0.2
mg/l exposure level. There was a significant increase
in lavage fluid protein, percent lavagable polymor-
phonuclear leukocytes and lung wet and dry weight fol-
lowing exposure to both 0.5 and 1.5 mg/l. (Copyright
(c) 1990 Princeton Scientific Publishing Co., Inc.)
Keywords: 'Respiratory system, 'Pathology, 'Oils
'Fog, 'Toxicology, Lung, Exposure, Leukocytes, Body
weight, Rats, Reprints, 'Respiratory function tests
Macrophages, Pulmonary alveoli, Bronchoalveolar
lavage fluid, Organ weight.
PB90-245473/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Inhibition of Human Natural Killer Cell Activity Fol-
lowing In vitro Exposure to Ozone. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Clinical Research Branch.
S. D. Harder, D. T. Harris, D. Hose, and H. S. Koren.
C1990,15p EPA/600/J-90/079
Pub. in Inhalation Toxicology, v2 n2 p161-173 Apr 90.
Sponsored by North Carolina Univ. at Chapel Hill.
In the study the effect of in vitro ozone exposure on
human peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cell activity
measured against K562 tumor cells has been exam-
ined. The data showed that NK activity was inhibited in
a time dependent manner with marked suppression
observed after 6 hours of ozone exposure. Significant
inhibition occurred at three different levels of ozone
exposure (1.0, 0.5 and 0.1B ppm) and E/T ratios of
(50:1, 25:1 and 12.5:1). The ozone effect was not
merely a nonspecific toxicity as NK activity recovered
within 16 hours following exposure either spontane-
ously or by stimulation with IL 2. Moreover, unexposed
cells treated with supernatant from ozone exposed
cells showed no decrease in NK activity. A direct effect
of ozone on the natural killer cells was suggested by
the finding of suppressed activity in an NK enriched
population. Since conjugate formation of the ozone ex-
posed NK cells with K562 targets was unchanged the
authors assume that the inhibitory effect of ozone was
at a post binding step in the lytic pathway. (Copyright
(c) 1990 by Hemisphere Publishing Corporation.)
Keywords: 'Toxicology, "Ozone, Humans, In vitro
analysis, Exposure, Reprints, 'Natural killer cells, Cul-
tured tumor cells, Cell survival, Binding sites.
PB90-245481/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Clinical Research Branch.
Pulmonary Function, Airway Responsiveness, and
Respiratory Symptom* In Asthmatics Following
Exercise In N02. Journal article.
C-E Environmental, Inc., Chapel Hill, NC.
L. J. Roger, D. H. H. Horstman, W. McDonnell, H.
Kehrl, and P. J. Ives. C1990,19p EPA/600/J-90/078
Pub. in Toxicology and Industrial Health, v6 n1 p155-
171 Jan 90. Sponsored by Health Effects Research
Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC. Clinical Research
Branch.
Asthmatics performed three 10-min moderate exer-
cises while exposed to 0.00 and 0.30 N02. Following
the initial exercise, FEV1 decreased to a greater extent
(P<0.05) in N02 than in air (7%). After the second
and third exercises, decreases in FEV1 and FVC and
increases in SRaw were significantly greater in N02
than in air. These results prompted the conduct of a
more comprehensive concentration-response study.
Asthmatics were exposed to 0.0,0.15, 0.30, and 0.60
ppm N02; again 10-min moderate exercises were in-
cluded. When compared to air exposure, there were
no pulmonary responses after any exercise in any con-
centration of N02. Airway responsiveness to metha-
choline after N02 exposure was also not different from
that after air exposure. The findings of no effects in this
larger concentration-response study do not support
the findings of preliminary single-concentration study.
Possible explanations are differences in subject sam-
pling, variability In subjects' responses, or other factors
sucn as seasonal variation In response. (Copyright (c)
Princeton Scientific Publishing Co., Inc.)
Keywords: 'Exercise(Physiology), 'Nitrogen oxide,
'Asthma, Exposure, Seasonal variations. Reprints,
'Respiratory function tests, 'Airway resistance, Dose-
response relationships. Methacholine compounds.
PB90-245499/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Rstlnoidal Benzoic Adds (Arotsnolds) and Other
Retinoids Inhibit in vitro Transformation of Epith-
elial Cells. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. J. Mass. C1990,7p EPA/600/J-90/077
Pub. In Jnl. of Anticancer Research, v10 p24l-246 Jan
90.
Five retinoids were evaluated for their ability to inhibit
N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanldine (MNNG)-in-
duced transformation of primary rat tracheal epithelial
(RTE) cells in culture at concentrations that did not
affect cell survival. Two retinoidal benzoic acids (aro-
tenolds), Ro 13-6298 and Ro 13-7410, suppressed the
transformation frequency by 80-90% at 330 pM where-
as at 330 pM retinoic acid suppressed the transforma-
tion frequency by 50%. In addition, retinol and retinyl
acetate were tested at 33 nM and found to be much
less effective than RA at this concentration. In studies
with all retinoids, the spontaneously occurring trans-
formed epithelial foci were suppressed from arising by
a greater extent than were those that arose in re-
sponse to carcinogen treatment. A biological differ-
ence between carcinogen-induced and spontaneously
arising foci is suggested by this result.
Keywords: 'Trachea, 'Epithelium, In vitro analysis,
Carcinogens, Cells(Biology), Reprints, 'Retinoids,
'Neoplastic cell transformation, Methylnitronitroso-
guanidine, Dose-response relationships, Cell survival.
PB90-245507/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Small-Sample Properties of Odds Ratio Estima-
tors Under Multiple Matching In Case-Control
Studies. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
A. Ejigou. C1990,11 p EPA/600/J-90/076
Contract EPA-R-812483
Pub. in Biometrics, v46 p61-69 Mar 90. Prepared in co-
operation with Addis Ababa Univ. (Ethiopia).
In epidemiologic studies, attempts at the assessment
of effects of interest with possible risk factors, with
suitable adjustments for confounding variables, are
often made. The research provides one effective way
of dealing with this problem that has well characterized
properties even in small samples. The procedures are
demonstrated to be better than others currently avail-
able, and can be applied directly in analyzing existing
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) epidemiologic
data. Small sample properties of old and new odds
ratio estimators are studied with regard to bias and
mean squared error using Monte Carlo experiments.
Their performances in interval estimation are also
compared. A new and simple estimator is found to per-
form better than almost any other estimator, including
the conditional likelihood estimator, both for point and
interval estimation for a wide range of sample sizes.
Keywords: 'Biostatistics, Ratios, Estimates, Bias, Sta-
tistical analysis, Reprints.
PB90-245515/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Environmental Factors Influencing Methanogene-
sls In a Shallow Anoxic Aquifer: A Field and Labo-
ratory Study. Journal article.
Oklahoma Univ., Norman. Dept. of Botany and Micro-
biology.
R. E. Beeman, and J. M. Suflita. c1990,15p EPA/600/
J-90/097
Grant EPA-R-812808
Pub. in Jnl. of Industrial Microbiology, v5 n1 p45-57
Jan 90. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental
Research Lab., Ada, OK.
The environmental factors influencing methanogene-
sis in a shallow anoxic aquifer were probed in a com-
bined field and laboratory study. Field data collected
over a year revealed that 'in situ rates of methane pro-
duction were depressed in winter and elevated in
summer. Over the same period, ground water pH
values ranged from 6.0 to 7.8 while temperatures
varied from 7-22 C. 'In situ' methanogenesls was se-
verely inhibited at temperatures < 13 C or by pH
values < 7. The influence of these factors on microbi-
al methane formation from both endogenous and ex-
ogenous substrates were tested in aquifer slurries ad-
justed to pH 5-9 and incubated at temperatures rang-
ing from 5-45 C. Temperature optima tor methane pro-
duction from endogenous substrates varied as a func-
tion of pH, but the pH optimum was 8 at all tempera-
tures. Optimal conditions for acetoclastic methano-
genesis were found at pH 8 and 35 C. An analysis of
variance revealed that pH, temperature, and a pH-tem-
perature interaction are all significant variables influ-
encing aquifer methanogenesis. In addition transient
sulfate accumulations were also found to limit meth-
ane production in some areas. A comparison of field
and laboratory methane production patterns suggest
that pH, temperature, and sulfate accumulations are
important, but not the only environmental variables in-
fluencing the mineralization of organic matter in shal-
low aquifers. (Copyright (c) 1990 Society for Industrial
Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Aquifers, 'Methane, Fatty acids, pH, Tem-
perature, Sulfates, Ground water, Seasonal variations,
Reprints, 'Methanogenic bacteria.
PB90-245523/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
Separation and Detection of a Benzo(a)pyrene
Deoxyguanosy-5-monophosphate Adduct by Cap-
illary Zone Electrophoresis. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
E. Jackim, and C. Norwood. C1990,4p EPA/600/J-90/
075, ERLN-1098
Pub. in Jnl. of High Resolution Chrotography 13, p195-
1961990.
The detection of DNA adducts from environmentally
exposed organisms is difficult because of their low
concentration (one adduct in 10 to the 7th power -10
to the 9th power normal nucleotides). The most feasi-
ble way of detecting these adducts has been by radio-
active P(sup 32) post labeling and separation by multi-
dimensional thin layer chromatography, or more re-
cently by monitoring the radioactivity after HPLC sepa-
ration. The procedure lacks precision, is difficult to per-
form, and poses health risks because of the high spe-
cific P(sup 32) radioactivity required. Capillary Zone
Electrophoresis (CZE) with fluorescent or indirect fluo-
rescent detection offers the potential of comparable
detection sensitivity with much greater resolution if the
adducts can be separated. Here evidence is present
that a benzo(a)pyrene guanosine monophosphate
adduct can be separated from normal nucleotides and
detected by CZE using a UV absorption detector.
(Copyright (c) Dr. Alfred Huethig Publishers.)
Keywords: 'Electrophoresis, Thin layer chromatogra-
phy, Ultraviolet spectroscopy, Nucleotides, Reprints,
*DNA adducts, *Benzo(a)pyrene, High pressure liquid
chromatography, Phosphorus radioisotopes.
PB90-245531/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comparison of Both Neoplastic and Non-Neoplas-
tlc Disorders In Winter Flounder (Pseudopleuron-
ectes amerlcanus) from Eight Areas In New Eng-
land. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Q. R. Gardner, R.J. Pruell, and L. C. Folmar. c1990,7p
ERNL-1034, EPA/600/J-90/074
Pub. in Maine Environmental Research, v28 p393-397
1989.
Distribution patterns of liver disease observed in winter
flounder indigenous to the northeastern USA indicated
that hepatocytic neoplasms were absent in popula-
tions from uncontaminated offshore areas and endem-
ic in populations from moderately to highly contaminat-
ed inshore areas. Liver neoplasms in winter flounder
collected from eight different locations ranged from
0% in animals collected offshore from Cape Cod to
32% in the nearshore area of New Bedford, MA. Simi-
larly, an array of other hepatic lesions ranged from 9%
in Martha's Vineyard to 79% in Boston Harbor. Prolif-
erate lesions in endocrine, exocrine, respiratory, sen-
sory, excretory and digestive organs and alteration of
plasma protein were also characteristic of winter floun-
der populations residing in the nearshore environment.
The concentrations of polycyciic aromatic hydrocar-
bons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), other
organic compounds and trace metals associated with
marine sediment were elevated in urban embayments
as compared with offshore locations. (Copyright (c)
1990 Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd., England.)
Keywords: 'Fish diseases, 'Liver neoplasms, Aromat-
ic polycyciic hydrocarbons, Blood proteins, Pathology,
Copper, Cadmium, Lead(Metal), Reprints, 'Flounder,
'New England, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, Po-
lychlorobiphenyl compounds.
PB90-245549/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Method for Determining Out Uptake Efficiencies
of Hydrophobic Pollutants in a Deposit-Feeding
Clam. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Narragansett, Newport.
OR. Mark O. Hatfield Marine Science Center.
H. Lee, B. L. Boese, R. C. Randall, and J. Pelletier.
C1990,7p EPA/600/J-90/073, ERLN-N073
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v9
p215-2191989.
Deposit-feeding Invertebrates select particles for in-
gestion that are richer in organic carbon, and thus
nigher in pollutant concentration, than the mean
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
values of bedded sediment. To estimate the ingested
pollutant dose, a method was developed that uses the
enrichment of the total organic carbon concentration
(TOC) of the feces compared to the TOC of the
bedded sediment as a measure of pollutant enrich-
ment in the ingested particles. The deposit-feeding
clam Macoma nasuta (Conrad) was exposed for 7 d in
clamboxes to either bulk or fine sediment fractions that
varied in TOC. Feces were collected and the TOC of
sediment and feces estimated. The TOC of the feces
was corrected for the carbon lost during digestion. The
selectivity index (SI), the ratio between the corrected
TOC of the feces and TOC of the bedded sediment,
was determined to be 4.36 and 1.72 for the bulk and
fine sediment fractions, respectively. The SI was then
applied to data from a companion study in which M.
nasuta was exposed to hexachlorobenzene (HCB)
dosed sediment. The efficiency of gut uptake of HCB
sorbed on ingested sediment ranged from 38 to 56%,
with the lower value the more reliable. The effects of
selection by deposit feeders for organically rich, high
pollutant particles needs to be considered in experi-
ments measuring the bioavailability of sediment-
sorbed pollutants or in experiments attempting to de-
termine the routes of pollutant uptake.
Keywords: "Clams, Carbon, Feces, Sediments, Intes-
tines, Reprints, 'Macoma nasuta, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Hexachlorobenzenes, Biological
availability, Pharmacokinetics.
PB90-245556/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Determination of the Ventilation Rates of Intersti-
tial and Overlying Water by the Clam Macoma
nasuta. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Narragansett, Newport.
OR. MarkO. Hatfield Marine Science Center.
M. H. Winsor, B. L. Boese, H. Lee, R. C. Randall, and
D. T. Specht. c1990,7p EPA/600/J-90/072, ERLN-
N072
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v9
p209-213 1990.
The ventilation rates of interstitial and overlying water
for the deposit-feeding, tellinid clam Macoma nasuta
(Conrad) were determined using two water-soluble
dyes to differentiate between the two water sources. A
unique exposure chamber, the clambox, was used to
separate the inhalant and exhalant siphons of the
clam, allowing measurements of dye fluxes and total
water ventilated. The results suggested that interstitial
water constituted very little (4%) of the total amount of
water ventilated by this clam. Factors that could affect
the importance of interstitial water as a pollutant
uptake route and how these might vary among pollut-
ants or infaunal species are discussed.
Keywords: 'Clams, 'Ventilation, Dyes,
Formulas(Mathematics), Sediments, Water pollution,
Reprints, 'Macoma nasuta, Environmental exposure
pathways.
PB90-245564/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Comparison ol Aqueous and Solid-Phase Uptake
for Hexachlorobenzene In the Tellinid Clam
Macoma nasuta (Conrad): A Mass Balance Ap-
proach. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Narragansett, Newport,
OR. Mark 0. Hatfield Marine Science Center.
B. L. Boese, H. Lee, D. T. Specht, R. C. Randall, and
M. H. Winsor. c1990,13p EPA/600/J-90/071, ERLN-
N053
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v9
p221-231 1990.
The uptake of sediment-associated hexachloroben-
zene (HCB) by the deposit-feeding clam Macoma
nasuta (Conrad) was determined using a clam ventila-
tion chamber. Clams were exposed to ((14)C)HCB-
dosed sediment, and the (14)C amounts were meas-
ured in inhalant and exhalant waters, fecal pellets and
soft tissues. The volume of water the clam ventilated
and the amount of fecal pellets produced were meas-
ured. The contributions of 10 possible uptake routes to
HCB tissue residues were estimated using a bioener-
getic-based bioaccumulation model. Mass balance re-
sults indicate that uptake of HCB by the gut from in-
aested solids was the single most important route, ac-
counting for 63 to 84% of HCB tissue residues. The
next largest route was uptake from interstitial water
ventilated across the gills, which accounted for 11 to
12% of tissue residues. Uptake of HCB from °*®r'y["p
water was minimal. These results indicate thait sed -
ment-bound HCB is bioavailable to benthic deposit
1630 Vol. 90, No. 24
feeders such as Macoma and supports the contention
that ingested sediment is an important uptake route for
highly lipophilic pollutants.
Keywords: 'Clams, 'Toxicology, Comparison, Ventila-
tion, Sediments, Water pollution, Feces,
Tissues(Biology), Reprints, 'Macoma nasuta, 'Hex-
achlorobenzenes, Pharmacokinetics, Gills, Biological
availability, Environmental exposure pathways.
PB90-245572/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Effects of Sediment-Bound Residues of the Pyr-
ethroid Insecticide Fenvalerate on Survival and
Reproduction of Melobenthlc Copepods. Journal
article.
South Carolina Univ., Columbia. Belle W. Baruch Inst,
for Marine Biology and Coastal Research.
G. T. Chandler. C1990,14p EPA/600/J-90/093
Pub. in Marine Environmental Research, V29-65-76
1990. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.,
Gulf Breeze, FL.
Pure microcosm-cultured populations of benthic cope-
pods were established from pristine or pesticide-im-
pacted Spartina marsh creeks and used as efficient
bioassay groups to assess lethal and sublethal effects
of sediment-bound pesticide residues. Despite a broad
data base showing extreme sensitivity to water-solubi-
lized fenvalerate by many marine invertebrates and
fishes, a 7-day exposure to sediment-bound residues
as high as 100 ppb caused no significant mortality for
any life stages (i.e., nauplii, copepodites or adults of
the benthic harpacticoid copepods Microarthridion lit-
torals or Paronychocamptus wilsoni, and no mortality
for adults of Enhydrosoma propinquum. However,
sediment-bound residues as low as 25 ppb significant-
ly depressed egg production (50-100% reduction) and
mean clutch sizes (40-100% reduction) of fertile M. lit-
torale and P. wilsoni. If sedimenting fenvalerate de-
presses copepod reproduction in the field, then low-
ered recruitment of new individuals will lead inevitably
to a decline in population growth. (Copyright (c) Else-
vier Science Publishers Ltd., England.)
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Toxicology, 'Marine biology,
'Insecticides, Reproduction(Biology), Mortality, Bioas-
say, Marshes, Population growth, Reprints, 'Pyreth-
rins, 'Pesticide residues, 'Fenvalerate, Microarthri-
dion littorale, Paronychocamptus Wilson, Enhydro-
soma propinquum.
PB90-245580/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Effect of Organic Amendments on Bacterial Multi-
plication In Lake Water. Journal article.
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. Lab. of Soil Microbiology.
Y. Henis, and M. Alexander. C1990,14p EPA/600/J-
90/092
Pub. in Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, v57 p9-20 1990.
Prepared in cooperation with Hebrew Univ., Rehovoth
(Israel). Faculty of Agriculture. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
In Cayuga Lake water amended with 30 micro g of glu-
cose or amino acids per ml, an added strain of Pseudo-
monas fluorescens and indigenous bacteria grew ex-
tensively, Pseudomonas sp. 84 and two rhizobia multi-
plied to a moderate extent, and introduced Escherichia
coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae multiplied but to only a
slight degree, in nonsterile lake water amended with
30 micro g of Trypticase soy broth per ml, the indige-
nous bacteria greatly increased in abundance, the
pseudomonads, rhizobia, and E. coli developed to a
lesser extent, the numbers of K. pneumoniae, A. ci-
treus and M. flavus showed little increase, and B. subtl-
lis did not survive. Based on the behavior of the test
species, it is proposed that Ks value, micro max value,
length of lag phase, and resistance to stress can be
used to predict behavior of bacteria in lake water re-
ceiving low levels of organic nutrients. (Copyright (c)
1990 Kluwer Academic Publishers.)
Keywords: 'Pseudomonas, 'Escherichia coli, 'Kleb-
siella, 'Bacillus subtilis, 'Mycobacterium, 'Arthro-
bacter, 'Culture media, 'Aquatic microbiology,
Growth(Biology), Glucose, Amino acids, Yeasts,
Lakes, Reprints.
PB90-245598/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Metal Affinities In Single and Multiple Ion Adsorp-
tion Reaction at Sulfide Mineral Surfaces.
Academia Sinica, Beijing (China).
L. Yuhuan, G. W. Bailey, and A. T. Lynch. Jan 89,18p
EPA/600/M-90/010
Pub. in Environmental Sciences (China), v1 n1 p15-30
Jan 89. Prepared in cooperation with Technology Ap-
plications, Inc., Athens, GA. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
The sulfide mineral is an important constituent in soil
and aquifer material. It plays a dramatic rote in control-
ling of transport and transformation of heavy metal in
soil and ground water. Sulfide minerals are found in
porous media in both aerobic and anaerobic environ-
ments. The relative binding affinities and reaction
products for ten metal-metalloid irons reacting with
four sulfide minerals have been defined. For any par-
ticular metal and mineral, the greater reactivity occurs
in the single-ion metal system except Ag(l) on pyrite
and Cu(ll) on galena. Both precipitation and adsorption
reactions can decrease metal ion mobility on porous
media. The order of metal mobility in the presence of
chalcocite, pyrite, galena, and sphalerite is predicted
to be: Zn(ll), Cd(ll) and Ni(li)—mobile; Cu(ll), Pb(ll)
Fe(ll), As(lll) and Cr(lll)~variable mobility; and Ag(l)--
immobile. MINTEQA1 predictions on metal phase dis-
tribution-partitioning compared quite well with those
observed experimentally. Solubility product consider-
ations, intrinsic acidity constant of the mineral, Eh, pH
and the carbonate equilibrium are major factors con-
trolling the phase distribution of metals reacting singu-
larly or in combination with sulfide mineral surfaces.
Keywords: 'Sulfide minerals, 'Surface chemistry,
'Metals, Aerobic processes, Soil surveys, Ground
water, Adsorption, Ions, pH, Acidity, Chemical equilibri-
um, Geochemistry, Anaerobic processes, Sediments,
Environmental surveys, Water pollution, Reprints, *Erv
vironmental transport, Chemical reaction mechanisms,
MINTEQA1 model, Heavy metals, Land pollution.
PB90-245606/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Fate Constant Data Program. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA
H. P. Kollig. C1990,11 p EPA/600/J-90/064
Toxicology and Environmental Chemistry, v25 nos2-3
p171-179 Feb 90.
A program for compiling equilibrium and kinetic con-
stants for predicting chemical transport and transfor-
mation in the environment is described. The fate con-
stant data are obtained by searching the literature for
reported measurements, by convening a panel of ex-
perts to postulate transformation pathways and prod-
ucts, by using computational techniques to estimate
values, and By performing laboratory studies when
measurements cannot be found or computed. Empha-
sis is placed throughout the program on quality control
features to assure the reliability of the data. (Copyright
(c) 1990 Gordon and Breach, Science Publishers, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Chemical equilibrium, 'Reaction kinetics
Constants, Chemical compounds, Quality control, In-
formation systems, Experimental data, Information re-
trieval effectiveness, Study estimates. Data process-
ing, Computerized simulation, 'Environmental trans-
port, 'Chemical reaction mechanisms, Path of pollut-
ants, Risk assessment, Environmental impact assess-
ment.
PB90-245614/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Characterization of the Reducing Properties of
Anaerobic Sediment Slurries Using Redox Indica-
tors. Journal article.
Eidgenoessische Anstalt fuer Wasserversorgung Ab-
wasserreinigung und Gewaesserschultz, Duebendorf
(Switzerland).
P. G. Tratnyek, and N. L. Wolfe. C1990,9p EPA/600/j-
90/063
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry v»
n3 p289-295 Mar 90. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab., Athens, GA.
The reduction of six redox indicators in anaerobic sedi-
ment slurries was studied by observing the disappear
ance of the color of the oxidized forms. The reacttonki"
netics were first-order in concentration of the oxidized
form of the indicator and the reducing agents were
sediment associated. The rate of indicator reduction
reflects the standard potential of the indicator cotiDta
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
potential and capacity of reducing agents in the sedi-
ment slurry. The relative reduction rates of the indica-
tors suggest that anaerobic sediment systems contain
concentrations of mild reducing agents that are avail-
able to react rapidly with substrates that are easily re-
duced. However, more refractory substrates require
strong reducing agents that are gradually produced,
probably as a result of microbial metabolism.
Keywords: 'Anaerobic processes, 'Oxidation reduc-
tion reactions, 'Sediments, 'Organic compounds, Oxi-
dizers, Biochemistry, Reaction kinetics, Water pollu-
tion, Electron transfer, Reducing agents, Thermody-
namics, Microorganisms, Colorimetnc analysis, Elec-
trode potentials, 'Chemical reaction mechanisms,
Sediment-water interfaces.
PB90-245622/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of 5-
(M*thylamlno)-2-Phenyl-4-(3-(Trlfluoromethyl)
phenyl)-3-(2H)-Furanone In Soil. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
T. C. Mueller, P. A. Banks, P. B. Bush, and W. C. Steen.
C1990,4p EPA/600/J-90/062
Pub. in Jnl. of the Association of Official Analytical
Chemists, v73 n2 p298-299 Feb 90. Prepared in coop-
eration with Georgia Univ., Athens.
A rapid, sensitive method is described for the determi-
nation of 5-(methylamino)-2-phenyl-4-(3-
(trifluromethyl)phenyl)-3-(2H)-furanone (RE-40885)
concentrations in three soil types. The method con-
sists of extraction of soil samples with methanol, filtra-
tion, liquid chromatographic separation of methanol-
soluble components using a C18 column and UV de-
tection at 275 nm. Recoveries were 94, 96, and 94%
from the Greenville, Cecil, and Dothan soils, respec-
tively. Average relative standard deviation was 8.0% in
the Greenville soil. The qualitative limit of detection
was 20 ppb and the limit of quantitation was 40 ppb in
25-g soil samples.
Keywords: 'Soil analysis, 'Herbicides, 'Environmental
surveys, Chemical analysis, Ultraviolet spectroscopy,
Solvent extraction, Oxygen organic compounds, Re-
prints, 'Liquid chromatography, 'RE-40885 herbicide,
Land pollution, Furanone/(methylamino)-phenyl-
((trifluoromethyl)phenyl).
PB90-246630/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Effect* of Cellular Aggregation on the Ecology of
Microorganisms: An Ecosystem-Level Under-
standing of Complex Microbial Systems Will Lead
to Better Management of the Human Impact on
Such Systems. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
D. L. Lewis, and D. K. Gattie. C1990,8p EPA/600/J-
90/061
Pub. in ASM News, v56 n5 p263-268 May 90. Prepared
in cooperation with Technology Applications, Inc.,
Athens, GA.
Relative to what is known about the behavior of micro-
organisms in the free-living state, very little is known
about their activities in aggregates. Nevertheless, a full
understanding of how complex microbial systems de-
velop and function resides not so much in improving
knowledge of either state. Rather, it will come through
studies revealing the distinct ecological roles of both
free-living and aggregate microbial systems, the fun-
damental principles governing their interactions, and
the influence of periodic physical and chemical envi-
ronmental changes on those interactions. Without this
level of understanding, the authors activities will inevi-
tably introduce severe disruptions into some of the
basic ecological processes.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Microorganisms, 'Agglomer-
ation, Growth(Biology), Nutrients, Diffusion, Reprints,
'Environmental monitoring, Microbial colony count,
Environmental impacts.
PBS0-24S648/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Conducting Field Studies for Testing Pesticide
Leaching Models. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
C. N. Smith, R. S. Parrish, and D. S. Brown. c1990,21 p
EPA/600/J-90/060
Pub. In International Jnl. of Environmental Analytical
Chemistry, v39 n1 p3-21 Jan 90. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Computer Sciences Corp., Athens, GA.
A variety of predictive models are being applied to
evaluate the transport and transformation of pesti-
cides in the environment. These include well known
models such as the Pesticide Root Zone Model
(PRZM), the Risk of Unsaturated-Saturated Transport
and Transformation Interactions for Chemical Concen-
trations (RUSTIC) model, and the Groundwater Load-
ing Effects of Agricultural Management Systems
(GLEAMS) model. The potentially large impact of
using these models as tools for developing pesticide
management strategies and regulatory decisions ne-
cessitates development of sound model validation pro-
tocols. The paper offers guidance on many of the theo-
retical and practical problems encountered in the
design and implementation of full-scale model valida-
tion studies. Recommendations are provided for site
selection and characterization, test compound selec-
tion, data needs, measurement techniques, statistical
design considerations and sampling techniques. A
strategy is provided for quantitatively testing models
using field measurements. (Copyright (c) 1990 Gordon
and Breach, Science Publishers, Inc.)
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Mathematical models, 'Soil
analysis, Sampling, Performance evaluation. Recom-
mendations, Field tests, Decision making, Guidelines,
Reaction kinetics, Design criteria, Site surveys, Leach-
ing, Statistical analysis, Quality assurance, Reprints,
'Environmental transport, 'Chemical reaction mecha-
nisms, Environmental monitoring, Pollution regula-
tions, Environment management, Land pollution.
PB90-245655/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
Resplrometer with Controlled Water Quality and
Computerized Data Acquisition for Experiments
with Swimming Fish. Journal article.
British Columbia Univ., Vancouver. Dept. of Zoology.
P. C. Gehrke, L. E. Fidler, D. C. Mense, and D. J.
Randall. C1990,10p EPA/600/J-90/059
Contract EPA-R-813424
Pub. in Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, v8 n1 p61-
67 Jan 90. Sponsored by Environmental Research
Lab., Athens, GA.
The paper describes the design of a modified Brett-
type respirometer for use with fish up to 2 kg at swim-
ming speeds as high as 2.5 m/sec. Control of the res-
pirometer, experimental monitoring and data acquisi-
tion are performed by computer. Water velocity, tem-
perature, pH, dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide
can be controlled at predetermined levels to enable
experiments to be conducted over several days with
minimal deterioration in water quality.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Fishes, 'Swimming,
'Physiology, pH, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide. Velocity,
Data acquisition, Reprints, 'Respirometera, Computer
applications.
PB90-245663/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Variance of Qeostatlstlclans. Journal article.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
E. J. Englund. C1990,41 p EPA/600/J-90/091
Pub. in Mathematical Geology, v22 n4 p4l 7-455 1990.
Different individuals will take different approaches to
the analysis and interpretation of data. The study at-
tempted to quantify the effect of such individual differ-
ences on the quality of geostatistical spatial estimates.
Identical spatial data sets were sent to 12 investiga-
tors, who independently analyzed the data and pro-
duced spatial interpolations. The results varied consid-
erably. Differences in the interpolations could be attrib-
uted to differences in choice of methodology, differ-
ences in data interpretation, and, in a few cases, errors
in procedure. The potential differences in economic
and societal costs between decisions based on 'good'
vs. 'bad' interpolations warrant a systematic approach
to the identification and testing of interpolation meth-
ods.
Keywords: 'Geology, 'Interpolation, Numerical analy-
sis, Methodology, Comparison, Spatial distribution, Es-
timating, Reprints, 'Kriging.
PB90-245671/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Evaluation of Methods for Simultaneous Collec-
tion and Determination of Nicotine and Polynu-
clear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Indoor Air. Jour-
nal article.
Battelle Columbus Div., OH.
J. C. Chuang, M. R. Kuhlman, and N. K. Wilson. c1990,
7p EPA/600/ J-90/068
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v24
n5 p661-665 1990. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmos-
pheric Research and Exposure Assessment Lab.
A study was performed to determine whether one
sampling system and one analytical method can be
used to measure both polynuclear aromatic hydrocar-
bons (PAH) and nicotine. The PAH collection efficien-
cies for both XAD-2 and XAD-4 adsorbents are very
similar, but the nicotine collection efficiency was great-
er for XAD-4. The spiked perdeuterated PAH were re-
tained well in both adsorbents after exposure to more
than 300 cu m of air. A two-step Soxhlet extraction,
dichloromethane followed by ethylacetate, was used
to remove nicotine and PAH from XAD-4. The extract
was analyzed by positive chemical ionization or elec-
tron impact gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
(GC/MS) to determine nicotine and PAH. It is shown
that one sampling system (quartz fiber filter and XAD-4
in series) and one analytical method (Soxhlet extrac-
tion and GC/MS) can be used to measure both nico-
tine and PAH in indoor air. (Copyright (c) 1990 by the
American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, "Nico-
tine, Gas analysis, Concentration(Composition), Sites,
Performance evaluation, Extraction, Gas chromatogra-
phy, Mass spectroscopy, Adsorbents, Filters, Reprints,
'Air pollution sampling, 'Air pollution detection,
'Indoor air pollution.
PB90-245689/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Development and Evaluation of an Acid Precipita-
tion Monitor lor Fractional Event Sampling wltn
Capability for Real-Time pH and Conductivity
Measurement Journal article.	.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Tnangie
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
K. G. Kronmiller, W. D. Ellenson, R. E. Baumgardner,
R. K. Stevens, and R. J. Paur. C1990,14p EPA/600/J-
90/067
Pub. in Atmospheric Environment, v24 n3 p525-536
1990. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services,
Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC.
An acid precipitation monitor has been developed that
collects fractions of rain events, measures the pH and
conductivity in real-time, and stores the remaining
samples under refrigerated conditions. A Z-80 micro-
processor controls all operations of the monitor includ-
ing sample collection, sample analysis, quality control
analysis, and data recording. Quality control analysis
consists of analysis upon demand of a low-ionic-
strength solution. The monitor was evaluated in the
field and about 40 rain events were monitored. Excel-
lent stability of the pH electrode was found under field
conditions.
Keywords: 'Rain, Quality control, Sampling, Perform-
ance evaluation, pH, Field tests, Conductivity,
Precipitation(Meteorology), Design criteria,
Graphs(Charts), Reprints, 'Acid rain, 'Air pollution
monitors, Temporal distribution, Air pollution
effects(Materials).
PB90-245697/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Identification of Volatile Hydrocarbons as Mobile
Source Tracers for Fine-Partlculate Organic*.
Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
R. B. Zweidinger, R. K. Stevens, C. W. Lewis, and H.
Westburg. C1990,7p EPA-600/J-90/066
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v24
P538-542 1990. Prepared in cooperation with Wash-
ington State Univ., Pullman.
Several volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have
been identified as candidates for tracers of fine partic-
ulate carbon and Extractable Organic Matter (EOM)
from mobile sources. The Identification resulted from a
multiple screening procedure in which the ambient
concentrations of a candidate VOC were first required
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
to have both a high correlation with ambient concen-
trations ot fine particulate Pb, a well established tracer
of mobile source emissions, and a low correlation with
soil-corrected fine particle potassium (K'), a previously
demonstrated tracer of woodsmoke, using measure-
ments from an airshed in which these were the domi-
nant sources. Each VOC surviving this screening was
then substituted in place of Pb, and along with K', in
multi-linear regression representations of the carbon
and EOM data. Successful VOCs resulted in a multiple
correlation coefficient (r(sup 2)) af least as good as
with K' and Pb, and estimates of the woodsmoke and
mobile source contributions virtually the same as with
K' and Pb. The reasonableness of these VOCs as
mobile source tracers was affirmed by considering
what is known about the abundance of those VOCs in
woodsmoke and mobile source emissions.
Keywords: 'Fines, 'Particles, Exhaust emissions,
Concentration(Composition), Sites, Lead(Metal), Po-
tassium, Mathematical models, Linear regression. Re-
prints, 'Volatile organic compounds, 'Tracer studies,
'Air pollution sampling, Organic matter, Wood burning
appliances, Fugitive emissions.
PB90-245705/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Growth and Reproduction of the Earthworm Ei-
senia fetida Exposed to Sublethal Concentrations
of Organic Chemical*. Journal article.
CorvaTlis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
E. F. Neuhauser, and C. A. Callahan. C1990,7p EPA/
600/J-90/070
Pub. in Soil Biology Biochemical, v22 n2 p175-179.
See also PB86-118536. Prepared in cooperation with
Niagara Mohawk Power Corp,, Syracuse, NY., and
Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
The determination of a short-term LC50 toxicity value
for a chemical is a useful indicator of the potential bio-
logical effect of the chemical if released into the envi-
ronment. However, it is possible that adverse effects
of the chemical may occur at sublethal concentrations
far below LC50 values. Using the earthworm Eisenia
fetida (Savigny) as an indicator organism for soil eco-
systems, concentrations of 10 organic chemicals were
evaluated for sublethal effects on earthworm growth
and reproduction. (Copyright (c) 1990 Pergamon Press
pic.)
Keywords: 'Growth(Biology), 'Reproductlon(Biology),
Toxicology, Lethal dosage, Dieldrin, Reprints, "Soil
contamination, 'Toxic substances, 'Eisenia fetida,
Carbaryl, Environmental monitoring.
PB90-246713/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Formaldehyde Production In Photochemical
Smog as Predicted by Three State-of-the-Sclence
Chemical Oxidant Mechanisms. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
M. C. Dodge. C1990,16p EPA/600/J-90/065
of Geophysical Research, v95 nD4 p3635-
3646,20 Mar 90.
A m°ving box model was used to compare formalde-
hyde (HCHO) predictions obtained with three photo-
chemical oxidant mechanisms. In simulations using a
typical urban mix ot organic pollutants, the mecha-
nisms were found to yield HCHO predictions that
agreed to within 10% of each other provided the same
reaction rates were used in all three mechanisms to
describe the photolysis of HCHO. The agreement for
simulations using pollutant mixtures containing only
one organic species showed more variability. Formal-
dehyde predictions obtained under typical urban con-
ditions for ethene, propane, and acetaldehyde were in
excellent agreement; significant differences, however,
were noted for the 2-alkenes and aromatic hydrocar-
bons. Predictions of ozone and hydrogen peroxide ob-
tained with the urban mixture were very sensitive to the
initial concentration of HCHO included in the simula-
tions. Depending on whether HCHO was assumed to
constitute 0% or 2% of the initial mix of organic pollut-
ants, resulting ozone yields varied by as much as 15-
30%' hydrogen peroxide yields differed by factors of 4-
10 depending on the mechanism used. To estimate
the effectiveness of various control measures for limit-
ina HCHO production, simulations were also conduct-
ed where individual organic species within the urban
mix were reduced and the resulting decreases |n
HCHO yields were noted. The largest decreases in
HCHO predictions occurred tor reductions in ethene
and the other 1-alkenes; the smallest decreases were
1632 Vol. 90, NO. 24
obtained when the monoalkylbenzenes or the alkanes
were reduced.
Keywords: 'Formaldehyde, 'Photochemical reactions,
'Atmospheric models, 'Air pollution abatement,
Smog, 'Urban areas. Reaction kinetics. Oxidizers, Ni-
trogen oxides, Air pollution control,
Concentration(Composition), Hydrogen peroxide, Eth-
ylene, Alkene hydrocarbons, Reprints, 'Chemical re-
action mechanisms, Volatile organic compounds.
PB0O-245721/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Action of a Fluoranthene-Utlllzlng Bacterial Com-
munity on Polycycllc Aromatic Hydrocarbon Com-
ponents of Creosote. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
J. G. Mueller, P. J. Chapman, and P. H. Pritchard.
C1989,9p EPA/600/ J-89/425
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v55
n12 p3085-3090 Dec 89.
Cultures enriched by serial transfer through a mineral
salts medium containing fluoranthene were used to es-
tablish a stable, 7-membered bacterial community
from a sandy soil highly contaminated with coal-tar
creosote. This community exhibited an ability to utilize
fluoranthene as sole carbon source for growth as dem-
onstrated by increases in protein concentration and
changes in absorption spectra when grown on fluoran-
thene in liquid culture. Biotransformation of other poly-
cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were verified by
demonstrating their disappearance from an artificial
PAH mixture using capillary gas chromatography.
When grown on fluoranthene as sole carbon source
and subsequently exposed to fluoranthene plus 16 ad-
ditional PAHs typical of those found in creosote, this
community transformed all PAHs present in this de-
fined mixture. Continued incubation resulted in exten-
sive degradation of the remaining 4 compounds.
(Copyright (c) 1989 American Society for Microbiolo-
gy)
Keywords: 'Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, 'Bac-
teria, 'Creosote, Bioaeterioration, Molecular weight,
Gas chromatography, Reprints, 'Environmental pollut-
ants, 'Soil contamination, 'Fluoranthene.
PB90-245739/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Natural Relationships among Sulfate-Reduclng
Eubacteria. Journal article.
Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Charnpaign.
R. Oevereux, M. Delaney, F. Widdel, and D. A. Stahl.
C1089,9p EPA/600/J-89/424
Grant EPA-R-812496
Pub. in Jnl. of Bacteriology, v171 n12 p6689-6695 Dec
89. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Gulf
Breeze, FL.
Phylogenetic relationships among 20 nonsporeforming
and two endospore-forming species of sulfate-reduc-
ing eubacteria were inferred from comparative 16S
rRNA sequencing. All genera of mesophilic sulfate-re-
ducing eubacteria except the new genus Desulfomi-
crobium and the gliding Desulfonema species were in-
cluded. The sporeforming species Desulfotomaculum
ruminis and Desulfotomaculum orientis were found to
be gram-positive organisms share 83% 16S rRNA se-
quence similarity, indicating that this genus Is diverse.
The data were consistent with and refined relation-
ships previously inferred by oligonucleotide catalogs of
16S rRNA. Although the determined relationships are
generally consistent with the existing classification
based on physiology and other characteristics, the
need for some taxonomic revision is indicated. (Copy-
right (c) 1989 American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords:	'Eubacterium,	'Sulfates,
Reduction(Chemistry), Taxonomy, Reprints, 'Desulfo-
tomaculum ruminis, 'Desulfotomaculum orientis,
Spore-forming bacteria, 16S ribosomal RNA, Gram-
positive bacteria, Phenotype, Reverse transcriptase,
Nucleic acid sequence homology.
PB90-24S747/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Membranous Labyrinth In Baculovlrus-infected
Crustacean Cells: Possible Roles In Viral Repro-
duction. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
J. A. Couch. c1989,17p EPA/600/J-89/423
Pub. in Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v7 p39-53
1989.
The origins and morphogenesis of the membranous
labyrinth (ML) in Baculovirus penaei (BP) infected cells
of penaeid shrimps (Crustacea.Decapoda) are de-
scribed. It is hypothesized that, because of the close
parallel and concurrent development of the ML and
virus reproduction, and other evidence, the ML is virus-
induced and controlled and may play at least three
roles in the virus reproductive strategy: (1) provides a
conduit or transport system for viral or occlusion body
precursors from cytoplasm to nucleus; (2) provides in-
creased membrane surface and volume for increased
ATPase activity (related to energy demand for virus re-
production and transport of viral products); and (3) pro-
vides a mechanism for cell collapse and release of
virus and occlusion bodies at end of virus reproduction
period. Possible experimental methods with which to
determine the functional role of the ML are discussed
and implications for such a system for nuclear, DNA,
viruses are considered.
Keywords: 'Shrimps, Cells(Biology), Mitochondria,
Cell nucleus, Reprints, "Baculovirus penaei, 'Membra-
nous labyrinth, 'Virus reproduction, Biological trans-
port, Adenosine triphosphatase, Viral DNA, virions.
PBB0-245754/HSU	PC A01 /MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Inactlvatlon of Geroil-Cultured 'Glerdla lamblla'
Cysts by Free Chlorine. Journal article.
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Water Resources Center.
A. J. Rubin, D. P. Evers, C. M. Eyman, and E. L. Jarroll.
C1989, 5p EPA/600/J-89/420
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v55
n10 Oct 89. Prepared in cooperation with Cleveland
State Univ., OH. Dept. of Biology. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Re-
duction Engineering Lab.
Giardia lamblia cysts were harvested from Mongolian
gerbils and exposed to free chlorine in buffered water
at pH 5,7, and 9 at 15 C. The contact times required to
obtained a 2-log reduction in cyst survival (i.e., a 99%
kill) were interpolated from survival curves generated
at fixed concentrations of chlorine in the range of 0.25
to about 16 mg/liter. Concentration-time (C times t1)
products for 99% inactivation ranged for about 120 to
nearly 1,500 mg times min/liter. These values are
higher than those reported previously for free chlorine
using G. lamblia cysts from infected humans. The
cysts isolated from gerbils, as with other Giardia cysts,
were unusually sensitive to chlorine in alkaline solu-
tions. (Copyright (c) 1980, American Society for Micro-
biology.)
Keywords: 'Giardia, 'Chlorine, 'Parasitology, Cysts,
pH, Alkalinity, Cultures(Biology), Reprints, Gerbillinae,
Animal disease models, Cell survival.
PB90-245762/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Results from a Cooperative Federal, State, and
Trade Association Waste Minimization Research
Program. Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
J. S. Bridges, C. A. McComas, T. Foecke, and L.
Swain. C1989,17p EPA/600/J-89/421
Pub. in Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials, v6
ni pi7-32 1989. Prepared in cooperation with Minne-
sota Technical Assistance Program, Minneapolis, and
Governmental Refuse Collection and Disposal Asso-
ciation, Silver Spring, MO.
The U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development
supported a waste minimization research program in
1986-1966 for small and medium sized generators to
develop and promote the use of innovative technol-
ogies and management practices to reduce the gen-
eration of hazardous wastes. The program was estab-
lished in response to the needs of small quantity haz-
ardous waste generators in the areas of waste man-
agement, regulatory compliance, and waste reduction.
Waste reduction is seen as one key way to help smali
businesses improve waste management by reducing li-
ability, product costs, disposal costs, and environmen-
tal, health, and safety concerns. At the time, the pro-
gram consisted of two efforts with the State of Minne-
sota and the Governmental Refuse Collection and Dis-
posal Association (GRCDA). Results from these two
cooperative research efforts are being used to assist
small and medium sized businesses work toward
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
achieve regulatory compliance. Results from these
two efforts are presented in the paper.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, National govern-
ment, State government, Minnesota, Waste disposal,
Cost analysis, Reprints, 'Research and development,
'Source reduction, 'Waste management, Governmen-
tal Refuse Collection and Disposal Association, US
EPA, Small systems, Standards compliance, Pollution
regulations, Pollution abatement, Environmental ef-
fects.
PB90-245770/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
Using the DNA Alkaline Unwinding Assay to
Detect DNA Damage in Laboratory and Environ-
mentally Exposed Cells and Tissues. Journal arti-
cle.
Science Applications International Corp., Narragan-
sett, Rl.
D. Nacci, and E. Jackim. C1990,6p EPA/600/J-89/
419,, ERLN-1033
Pub. in Marine Environmental Research 28, p333-337
1989. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.,
Narragansett, Rl.
The DNA alkaline unwinding assay is being evaluated
for use in the detection of DNA damage in marine ani-
mals exposed to environmental pollutants. In prelimi-
nary work, DNA unwinding methods were used with in
vitro cell systems to demonstrate DNA strand breaks
Cultured mammalian fibroblasts and sperm from
marine fish and invertebrates (Pseudopleuronectes,
Arbacia and Mytitus) showed concentration-depend-
ent Increases in DNA strand breaks after brief expo-
sures to alkylating agents. DNA unwinding methods
were also used on DNA extracted from marine animals
injected with genotoxlcants and from animals exposed
in situ at an estuarine site. Gills from blue mussels
caged at the New Bedford Harbor Superfund Site (MA,
USA) highly contaminated with many organic (e.g.
PCBs) and inorganic contaminants, were also exam-
ined. A significant increase in DNA strand breaks was
seen in gill tissues of animals held in the contaminated
site for as little as 3 days. Although not as severe, an
increase in strand breaks was also seen in animals
held at the control site for 28 days. (Copyright (c) 1990,
Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd., England.)
Keywords: 'Marine biology. Estuaries, In vitro analysis,
Cells(Biology), Tissues(Biology), Mussels, Fibroblasts,
Reprints, *DNA unwinding proteins, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), *DNA damage, 'Mutagenicity tests,
Dose-response relationships, Polycnlorobiphenyl
compounds, Alkylating agents, Spermatozoa, Gills.
PB90-24578S/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Half-Ufa of Polychlorlnated Biphenyls In Occupa-
tlonally Exposed Workers. Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. L. Phillips, A. B. Smith, V. W. Burse, G. K. Steele,
and L. L. Needham. C1989,6p EPA/600/J-89/416
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, v44 n6 Nov/
Dec 89. Prepared in cooperation with Centers for Dis-
ease Control, Atlanta, GA. Center for Environmental
Health and Injury Control, Indiana State Board of
Health, Indianapolis, and National Inst, for Occupation-
al Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH. Div. of Surveil-
lance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies.
In 1977 and 1985, serum polychlorinated biphenyl
(PCB) concentrations were determined for 58 workers
in a Bloomington, Indiana, factory that used PCBs in
capacitor manufacture until 1977. Less chlorinated
PCBs were quantitated as Aroclor 1242, and more
highly chlorinated PCBsw were quantitated as Aroclor
1254. The median half-life was 2.6 y for Aroclor 1242
and 4.8 y for Aroclor 1254. However, the half-life
varied inversely with the initial serum concentration.
This pattern may be a result of continued low-level ex-
posure, variation in the time of exposure, or enzyme in-
duction by PCBs.
Keywords: 'Half life, 'Metabolism, Blood, Reprints,
'Occupational exposure, 'Polychlorobiphenyl com-
pounds, 'Aroclors, Enzyme induction, Environmental
exposure pathways, Pharmacokinetics.
PB90-245796/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Ufe After Competitive Exclusion: An Alternative
Strategy for a Competitive Inferior. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Narragansett, Newport,
OR. Mark 0. Hatfield Marine Science Center.
H. Lee, and W. G. Ambrose. c1989,6p EPA/600/J-
89/417, ERLN-N018
Pub. in Oikos 56, n3 p424-4271989.
Experimental manipulations in the rocky intertidal have
demonstrated that in the absence of predation or
physical disturbance (Dayton 1971) a competitive
dominant species can monopolize the primary space,
thereby excluding competitors. In the paper the effect
of one such interaction, the colonization of secondary
space, on the population size and dynamics of an infe-
rior competitor is examined. The mussel Mytilus cali-
fornianus is the dominant competitor and barnacles
the inferior competitors for primary substrate in ex-
posed rocky intertidal systems in the Northeast Pacific.
However, dense populations of barnacles growing on
mussels in intertidal communities were frequently ob-
served. This observation suggested that barnacle pop-
ulations might not be reduced, and might actually be
enhanced, by their dominant competitor.
Keywords: 'Ecology, 'Competition, Population growth,
Mussels, Growth(Biology), Reprints, 'Species diversi-
ty, 'Mytilus californianus, Population dynamics.
PB9O-245804/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Comment on 'Changes In the Chemistry of Sur-
face Waters' by C. T. Drlscoll et al. Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
G. R. Holdren, and M. R. Church. C1989,6p EPA/600/
J-89/415
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v23
n9 p1028, p1078-1080 1989. Prepared in cooperation
with NSI Technology Services Corp., Corvallis, OR.
In spite of the positive contributions of the report, the
authors disagree with the conclusion of C.T. Driscoll,
et al as to cause-and-effect and offer an explanation
more consistent with acidification hypotheses such as
those cited.
Keywords: 'Surface waters, 'Water chemistry, 'Acidi-
fication, Water pollution, Cations, pH,
Concentration(Composition), Air water interactions,
Soil analysis, Air pollution, Reprints, 'Hubbard Brook
Experimental Forest, Environmental monitoring, Long
term effects, Acid rain.
PB90-245812/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Relationship of Catchment Topography and Soil
Hydraulic Characteristics to Lake Alkalinity in the
Northeastern United States. Journal article.
Geological Survey, West Trenton, NJ.
D. M. Wolock, G. M. Homberger, K. J. Beven, and W.
G. Campbell. c1989,11 p EPA/600/J-89/414
Pub. in Water Resources Research, v25 n5 p829-837
May 89. Prepared in cooperation with Virginia Univ.,
Charlottesville. Dept. of Environmental Sciences, Lan-
caster Univ. (England). Dept. of Environmental Sci-
ences, and Northrop Services, Inc./Environmental Sci-
ences, Corvallis, OR. Sponsored by Corvallis Environ-
mental Research Lab., OR.
The authors undertook the task of determining wheth-
er base flow alkalinity of surface waters in the north-
eastern United States is related to indices of soil con-
tact time and flow path partitioning that are derived
from topographic and soils information. The influence
of topography and soils on catchment hydrology has
been incorporated previously in the variable source
area model TOPMODEL as the relative frequency dis-
tribution of ln(a/Kb tan B), where In is the Naperian
logarithm, 'a' is the area drained per unit contour, K is
the saturated hydraulic conductivity, b is the soil depth,
and tan B is the slope. Using digital elevation and soil
survey data, the authors calculated the In (a/Kb tan B)
distribution for 145 catchments. Indices of flow path
partitioning and soil contact time were derived from the
ln(a/Kb tan B) distributions and compared to measure-
ments of alkalinity in lakes to which the catchments
drain. They found that alkalinity was, in general, posi-
tively correlated with the index of soil contact time,
whereas the correlation between alkalinity and the
flow path partitioning index was weak at best A portion
of the correlation between the soil contact time index
and alkalinity was attributable to covariation with soil
base saturation and cation exchange capacity, while
another portion was found to be independent of these
factors. Although their results indicate that catchments
with long soil contact time indices are most likely to
produce high alkalinity base flow, a sensitivity analysis
of TOPMODEL suggests that surface waters of these
same watersheds may be susceptible to alkalinity de-
pressions during storm events, due to the role of flow
paths. (Copyright (c) 1989 by the American Geophysi-
cal Union.)
Keywords: 'Lakes, "Alkalinity, 'Water flow, 'Catch
basins, Surface waters, Topography, Hydraulics, Hy-
drology, Air water interactions, Air pollution, Acidifica-
tion, Sampling, Watersheds, Reprints, 'Northeast
Region(United States), 'Soil chemical properties,
Water pollution sampling, Acid rain.
PB90-245820/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Effect of Several Stress Factors on the Suscepti-
bility of the Predatory Insect, 'Chrysoperia
carnea' (Neuroptera: Chrysopldae), to the Fungal
Pathogen 'Beauveria bassiana'. Journal article.
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Entomology.
K. Donegan, and B. Lighthart. C1988,8p EPA/600/J-
89/413
Pub. in Jnl. of Invertebrate Pathology 54, p79-84 1989.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
Temperature, starvation, and nutritional stresses, ap-
plied singly and in combination, significantly affected
the susceptibility of Chrysoperia carnea to Beauveria
bassiana and varied in effectiveness according to
insect age and gender. The nutrition stress caused the
most significant increase in adult and larval mortality
and larval developmental failure. Larval mortality and
developmental failure were also increased by the star-
vation stress. The temperature stress affected C.
Carnea mortality only when used in combination with
nutrition and/or starvation. Possible mechanisms for
the effects of the stresses on C. carnea response to B.
bassiana are discussed.
Keywords: 'Stress(Physiology), 'Fungus diseases,
•Insects, Mortality, Larvae, sioassay. Temperature,
Nutrition, Starvation, Reprints, 'Disease susceptibility,
'Chrysoperia carnea, 'Beauveria bassiana.
PB90-245838/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Use of a Spectroradlometer to Study Aerial Pho-
tographs of Ozone-Treated Soybeans. Journal arti-
Citrus Research and Education Center, Lake Alfred,
FL.
G.J. Edwards, and W. W. Cure. c1989,8p EPA/600/J-
89/412
Pub. in International Jnl. of Remote Sensing, v10 n12
p1913-1918 1989. Prepared in cooperation with North
Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh. Sponsored by Corval-
lis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A scanning spectroradiometer was used to measure
the optical densities of an aerial photograph of an ex-
perimental field in which soybeans were growing in re-
sponse to different concentrations of ozone, an air pol-
lutant. The plants were growing In 3 m diameter, 2.4 m
high open-top exposure chambers. Correlation coeffi-
cients among the film densities, plant yield and visual
estimates of non-green leaf area for the 16 test plots
were highly significant (p < 0.0); those with ozone treat-
ment concentrations were significant (p<0.05). The
early senescence induced by this form of environmen-
tal stress can thus be detected by film density differ-
ences, and these differences are well correlated with
ground indicators of crop condition. (Copyright (c)
1989 Taylor & Francis Ltd.)
Keywords: 'Ozone, 'Soybean plants, 'Spectroradio-
meters, Aerial surveys, Remote sensing, Farm crops
Optical density, Plant growth, Reprints, 'Air pollution
effects(Plants).
PB90-245846/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR
Correlations Between Canopy Reflectance and
Leaf Temperature In Irrigated and Draughted Soy-
beans. Journal article.
North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh.
W. W. Cure, R. B. Flagler, and A. S. Heagle. c1989,
10p EPA/600/J-89/411
Pub. in Remote Sensing of Environment, v29 p273-
280 1989. Prepared in cooperation with Texas Agricul-
tural Experiment Station, College Station. Sponsored
by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Effects of water stress on soybeans were character-
ized over a 4-day period in well-watered (WW) and
water-stressed (WS) plots by measurements of leaf
temperature, air temperature, and canopy reflectance.
The objectives were to assess canopy reflectance as
an indicator of drought stress in soybean and to deter-
mine if canopy reflectance could be predicted from
leaf temperature. Reflectance from the WS plants was
greater in the red portion of the visible spectrum and
less at near-infrared wavelengths. Correlation coeffi-
cients with the reflectance measurements were gener-
ally greater with leaf temperature than with either the
air temperature within the canopy or the differential be-
tween leaf and air temperatures. Coefficients of deter-
mination in excess of 0.8 could be obtained for models
predicting either red or near-infrared reflectance as a
function of leaf temperature by excluding those meas-
urements taken shortly after irrigations. Plant size
strongly affected model parameters. (Copyright (c) El-
sevier Science Publishing Co., Inc. 1989.)
Keywords'. "Soil moisture, 'Soybean plants,
"Leaves(Botany), "Reflectance, "Canopies, 'irriga-
tion, Atmospheric temperature, Infrared radiation,
Stress(Physiology), Reprints.
PB90-245853/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Global Climate Change and Agriculture: An Eco-
nomic Perspective. Journal article.
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis. Dept. of Agricultural and
Resource Economics.
R. M. Adams. C19B9,10p EPA/600/J-89/410
Pub. in American Jnl. of Agricultural Economics, v71
n5 p1272-1279. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental
Research Lab., OR.
Climate change and related global concerns dominate
the current environmental agenda as evidenced by the
recent wave of articles, symposia, workshops, and
other scientific and lay forms dealing with the issue.
While most atmospheric scientists agree that a climate
change 'signal' has yet to be detected, concern over
potential climate change arising from increasing con-
centrations of carbon dioxide (C02), methane (CH4),
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other 'greenhouse'
gases is motivating substantial funding increases for
such research. Climate change is thus likely to be a
major research and policy issue well into the next
decade. Scientific interest in climate changes is not a
recent phenomenon; research on the relationship be-
tween C02, climate and man dates back at least to
1895. Despite substantial uncertainties in the under-
standing of climate change cause and effects, a scien-
tific consensus has emerged about some aspects of
the phenomenon: C02 and other trace gases are in-
creasing, and these increases will at some point alter
the world's climate. (Copyright (c) 1989 American Agri-
cultural Economics Association.)
Keywords: "Climate, "Agricultural economics, Meth-
ane, Carbon dioxide, Forecasting, Gases, Farm crops,
Water supply, Reprints, "Greenhouse effect, Global
aspects, Chlorofluorocarbons.
PB90-245861/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Mortality
In Six U.S. Cities. Journal article.
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Dept. of
Environmental Science and Physiology.
F. E. Speizer, M. E. Fay, D. W. Dockery, and B. G.
Ferris. C1989, 9p EPA/600/J-89/409
Pub. in American Review of Respiratory Diseases,
v140 pS49-S55 Sep 89. Prepared in cooperation with
Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
Results are presented from a 9- to 12-yr. mortality
follow-up of 8,427 white adults in six U.S. cities be-
tween 25 and 74 yr. of age at enrollment. Survival anal-
yses were performed for all causes on 941 confirmed
deaths, and for specific primary causes for the subset
of 851 death with death certificates. Relative level of
FEV, compared with predicted was a strong predictor
of sex-specific chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD), cardiovascular (CV), and all-cause mortality,
even after adjusting for age, respiratory symptoms,
and smoking. Even in this relatively large cohort the
total number of respiratory deaths was small, and no
trend in COPD mortality could be determined over the
period of the study.
1634 Vol. 90, No. 24
Keywords: "Public health, "United States, Mortality.
Smoking, Tables(Data), Reprints, "Obstructive lung
diseases, Respiratory function tests, Cohort studies,
Follow-up studies, Cause of death, Death certificates,
Survival analysis, Respiratory system, Spirometry.
PB90-245879/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Inhalation Reference Dose (RfDi): An Application
of Interspecies Dosimetry Modeling for Risk As-
sessment of Insoluble Particles. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
A. M. Jarabek, M. G. Menache, H. Overton, M. L.
Dourson, and F. J. Miller. C1989,9p EPA/600/J-89/
408
Pub. in Health Physics, v57 Supl p177-183 Jul 89. Pre-
pared in cooperation with NSI Technology Services
Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Accurate extrapolation of animal toxicity data for
human health risk assessment requires determination
of the effective dose to the target tissue and the sensi-
tivity of the target tissue to that dose. The methodolo-
gy for deriving reference doses (the U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency's (EPA) benchmark values for
gauging systemic toxicity) for oral exposures has not
included dosimetry modeling. Dosimetry data facilitate
evaluation of concentration-response data with re-
spect to the dose-response relationships used in
quantitative risk assessment. Extension of the meth-
odology to derivation of inhalation reference doses
(RfDi) should account for the dynamics of the respira-
tory system as the portal of entry. The paper presents
a method for calculating a dosimetric adjustment
factor based on the values for the initial deposited
dose of insoluble particles in an animal species and in
humans. The application for insoluble particles illus-
trates the feasibility of interspecies dosimetry calcula-
tions for extrapolating the toxicological results of in-
haled agents to human exposure conditions for more
accurate risk estimation. (Copyright (c) 1989 Health
Physics Society.)
Keywords: "Dosimetry, "Toxicity, "Particles, Inhala-
tion, Respiration, Laboratory animals, Humans, Neo-
plasms, Reprints, "Risk assessment, Tissue distribu-
tion, Dose-response relationships, Feasibility studies.
PB90-245887/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC,
Home Dampness and Respiratory Morbidity In
Children. Journal article.
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Dept. of
Environmental Science and Physiology.
B. Brunekreef, D. W. Dockery, F. E. Speizer, J. H.
Ware, and J. D. Spengler. C1989,8p EPA/600/J-89/
407
Pub. in American Review of Respiratory Diseases,
V140 p1363-1367 Jul 89. Prepared in cooperation with
Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA. Spon-
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
The study examined the relationship between meas-
ures of home dampness and respiratory illness and
symptoms in a cohort of 4,625 eight- to 12-yr old chil-
dren in six U.S. cities. Home dampness was character-
ized from questionnaire reports of mold or mildew
damage inside the home, water damage to the home,
and the occurrence of water on the basement floor.
Symptoms of respiratory and other illness were col-
lected by questionnaire. Pulmonary function was
measured by spirometry. Signs of home dampness
were reported in a large proportion of the homes. In
five of the six cities, one or more of the dampness indi-
cators were reported in more than 50% of the homes.
The association between measures of home damp-
ness and both respiratory and non-chest illness were
both strong and consistent. Odds ratios for molds
varied from 1.27 to 2.12, and for dampness from 1.23
to 2.16 after adjustment for maternal smoking, age,
gender, city of residence, and parental education. The
relationship between home dampness and pulmonary
function was weak, with an estimated mean reduction
of 1.0% in FEF associated with dampness and 1.6%
with molds.
Keywords: "Respiratory diseases, "Children, "Mois-
ture content, "Epidemiology, "Public health, Question-
naires, Molds, Fungi, Reprints, Respiratory function
tests, Cohort studies, Spirometry, Residence charac-
teristics.
PB90-24S895/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Respiratory Symptoms and Lung Function In Re-
lation to Passive Smoking: A Comparative Study
of American and French Women. Journal article.
Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medi-
cale, Paris (France).
F. Kauffmann, D. W. Dockery, F. E. Speizer, and B. G.
Ferris. C1989.13p EPA/600/J-89/406
Contract EPA-R-811650
Pub. in International Jnl. of Epidemiology, v18 n2
p334-344 Jun 89. Prepared in cooperation with Har-
vard School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Dept. of En-
vironmental Science and Physiology, and Brigham and
Women's Hospital, Boston, MA. Sponsored by Health
Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Results are reported from a parallel analysis of the as-
sociation of passive smoking with respiratory symp-
toms and lung function (FEV1, FVC and FEV1 /FVC) in
2220 US and 3855 French women from the general
population examined over the same time period using
similar methods. Age, city, educational level, occupa-
tional exposure and height (for lung function) were
taken into account. In the US survey, being a never
smoker married to a current or former smoker was sig-
nificantly associated only with wheezing compared to
being a true never smoker. A borderline significant as-
sociation between passive smoking and dyspnoea
was observed among women older than 40 in the
French survey. No association was observed with
cough or phlegm production. Passive smoking was sig-
nificantly related to lower FVC and FEV1 values
among French women 40 years or more, even among
those without a history of wheeze or asthma. However,
even among US women older than 40 years of age,
there was no significant association between passwe
smoking and level of lung function. Better housing con-
ditions, higher divorce rates, more frequent exposure
to passive smoking in childhood, and different selec-
tion factors for active smoking in the US compared to
France might explain the lack of association of current
spousal smoking habits with lower lung function in
American women. (Copyright (c) International Epide-
miological Association 1989.)
Keywords: "Respiratory diseases, "France, 'United
States, "Females, Comparison, Questionnaires,
Asthma, Reprints, "Respiratory function tests, "Tobac-
co smoke pollution, Marriage.
PB90-245903/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Investigation of a Reported Cancer Cluster In
Randolph, Massachusetts. Journal article.
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
R. Day, J. H. Ware, D. Wartenberg, and M. Zelen.
C1989,16p EPA/600/J-89/405
Pub. in Jnl. of Clin. Epidemiology, v42 n2 p137-150
Feb 87. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
An increasingly common public health problem is the
perception that disease incidence has increased or a
cluster of disease has occurred in a community. In
most cases, the disease of concern Is cancer and a
local hazardous waste site or other environmental
problem is involved. These problems can be difficult to
investigate and public health officials are frequently
criticized for their inability to address community con-
cerns. The paper reports a case study of such a situa-
tion. One objective of the investigation was to develop
methods that may be of value in similar situations aris-
ing in other communities. (Copyright (c) 1989 Perga-
mon Press pic.)
Keywords: "Epidemiology, "Neoplasms, Mortality, Re-
prints, "Disease outbreaks, "Cluster analysis, Toxic
substances, Randolph(Massachusetts), Death certifi-
cates, Environmental exposure.
PB90-245911/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Glucocorticoids Regulate the Concentration of
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Throughout the
Brain. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianole
Park, NC.
J. P. O'Callaghan, R. E. Brinton, and B. S. McEwen
-------
Pub. in Brain Research, v494 n1 p159-161 Aug 89.
Prepared in cooperation with Rockefeller Univ., New
York.
The role of glucocorticoids in the in vivo regulation of
glial fibrillary acidic protein was examined. Corticoster-
one administration to adult rats resulted in decreased
levels of GFAP throughout the brain whereas adrena-
lectomy caused levels of GFAP to increase. Corticos-
terone administration to adrenalectomized rats low-
ered GFAP levels to values below those of sham con-
trols. Thus, the expression of GFAP throughout the
brain appears to be physiologically regulated by adre-
nal glucocorticoids. (Copyright (c) 1989 Elsevier Sci-
ence Publishers B. V. (Biomedical Division)).
Keywords: 'Corticosterone, In vivo analysis, Adrena-
lectomy, Reprints, "Glucocorticoids, "Brain chemistry,
"Glial fibrillary acidic protein, "Pharmacology.
PB90-245929/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Indoor Air Exposure to Coal and Wood Combus-
tion Emission* Associated with a High Lung
Cancer Rate In Xuan Wei, China. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. L. Mumford, R. S. Chapman, D. B. Harris, X. Z. He,
and S. R. Cac. c1989,8p EPA/600/J-89/403
Pub. in Environment International, v15 p315-320 Nov
89. Prepared in cooperation with Institute of Environ-
mental Health and Engineering, Beijing (China).
Residents of Xuan Wei County in China have unusually
high lung cancer mortality that cannot be attributed to
tobacco use or occupational exposure. They are ex-
posed to smoke from unvented, open pit coal or wood
fires (often used for cooking and heating). The varia-
tion in lung cancer rates among communes within the
county suggests that indoor combustion of smoky coal
may be the prime determinant of lung cancer. To char-
acterize the air in Xuan Wei homes, samples of the air
particles and semivolatile organic compounds were
collected from homes located in two communes; one
commune has a high rate of lung cancer, and the other
has a low rate. Samples collected in the commune
where the lung cancer rate is high and where smoky
coal is the predominant fuel contained high concentra-
tions of small particles with high organic content; or-
ganic extracts of these samples were mutagenic. Sam-
ples from homes in the wood-burning commune, which
nas a low rate of lung cancer, consisted mostly of
larger particles of lower organic content and mutage-
nicity. The smoky coal sample was a mouse skin car-
cinogen and was a more potent initiator of skin tumors
in comparison to the wood or smokeless coal sample.
(Copyright (c) 1989 Pergamon Press pic.)
Keywords: "China, "Pulmonary neoplasms, "Smoke,
"Carcinogens, Wood, Coal, Skin neoplasms, Mortality,
Reprints, "Indoor air pollution, "Air pollution
effects(Humans), Mutagenicity tests, Carcinogenicity
tests.
PB90-245945/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effects of Depletion of Ascorbic Acid or Nonpro-
tein Sulfhydiyls on the Acute Inhalation Toxicity
of Nitrogen Dioxide, Ozone, and Phosgene. Jour-
nal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. Slade, J. W. Highfill, and G. E. Hatch. c1989,12p
EPA/600/J-89/400
Pub. in Inhalation Toxicology, v1 n3 p261-271 Jul 89.
The effect of depleting lung ascorbic acid (AH(sub 2))
and nonprotein sulfhyclryls (NPSH) on the acute inha-
lation toxicity of nitrogen dioxide (NO(sub 2)), ozone
(0(sub 3)), and phosgene (COCI(sub 2)) was investi-
gated in guinea pigs. The increase in bronchoalveolar
lavage (BAL) fluid protein (an indicator of alveolar-cap-
illary damage leading to increased permeability) was
measured 16 to 18 hr following a 4 hr exposure to the
gas in animals deficient in (AH(sub 2)) or NPSH. Gas
concentrations were chosen which produced low but
significant increases In BAL protein. Lung (AH(sub 2))
was lowered to about 20% of control by feeding rabbit
chow for 2 weeks. Lung NPSH was lowered to about
50% of control by injecting a mixture of buthionine
S,R-8ulfoximine (BSO) and oiethylmaleate (DEM) (2.7
and 1.2 mmol/kg respectively). BSO/DEM did not
affect the lung concentrations of (AH(sub 2)) or alpha-
tocopherol. AH(sub 2) depletion caused a 6 fold and a
3 fold enhancement in the toxicity of S ppm and 10
ppm (NOIsub 2)), and a 6 fold enhancement in the tox-
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
icity of 0.5 ppm (0(sub 3)), but did not affect toxicity of
1.0 ppm (0(sub 3)). AH(sub 2) depletion did not affect
phosgene toxicity (at 0.25 ppm and 0.5 ppm). (Copy-
right (c) 1989 by Hemisphere Publishing Corporation.)
Keywords: "Ozone, "Nitrogen oxide, "Toxicity, "Phos-
gene, "Ascorbic acid, Respiration, Biochemistry,
Guinea pigs. Proteins, Pulmonaiy edema. Reprints,
Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, Pulmonary function
tests.
PB90-245952/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Cancer Mortality In U.S. Counties with Hazardous
Waste Sites and Ground Water Pollution. Journal
article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. Griffith, R. C. Duncan, W. R. Riggan, and A. C.
Pellom. C1989,9p EPA/600/J-89/399
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Health, v44 n2 p69-
74 Apr 89. Prepared in cooperation with Northrop
Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC., and Miami
Univ., FL. School of Medicine.
Since the late 1950's more than 750 million tons of
toxic chemical wastes have been discarded in an esti-
mated 30,000 to 50,000 hazardous waste sites (HWS).
The uncontrolled discarding of chemical wastes cre-
ates the potential for risks to human health. Utilizing
the National Priorities Listing (NPL) of hazardous
waste sites developed by the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency (EPA), the study identified 593 waste
sites in 339 U.S. counties in 49 states with analytical
evidence of contaminated ground drinking water pro-
viding a sole source water supply to an estimated 'at
risk' population. For each of the 339 identified counties
the authors extracted age-adjusted, site-specific
cancer mortality rates for 12 major sites for the decade
1970-1979, for white males and females, from U.S.
Cancer Mortality and Trends 1950-1979. Each county
in the U.S. was also coded as to whether it had an ex-
cessively high number of deaths and the total number
of non-HWS and HWS counties showing excess num-
bers of deaths were enumerated for each selected
cancer. Significant associations (p < 0.002) between
excess deaths and all HWS counties were shown for
cancers of the lung, bladder, esophagus, stomach,
large intestine, and rectum lor white males; and for
cancers of the lung, breast, bladder, stomach, large in-
testine, and rectum for white females when compared
to all non-HWS counties.
Keywords: "Potable water, "Water contamination,
"Neoplasms, "Mortality, "United States, Hazardous
materials, Ground water, Reprints, "Water pollution
effects(Humans), Risk assessment, Toxic substances,
Health hazards.
PB9O-245960/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Biochemical Studies of Six Nitrogen-Containing
HetsrocyelM in Rat TImum. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
K. T. Kitchin, J. L. Brown, and W. Lijinsky. C1989,7p
EPA/600/J-89/398
Pub. in Biochemical Pharmacology, v38 nl6 P2733-
273815 Aug 89. Prepared in cooperation with National
Cancer Inst., Frederick, MD. Frederick Cancer Re-
search Facility.
Female rats were orally dosed with 1/5 the LD50 of
either 1-nitrosopiperidine (a carcinogen), cyclohexyla-
mine, piperidine, 4-carboxy-1-nitrosopiperidine, 4-cy-
clohexyl-1-nitrosopiperldine or 2 6-dimethyl-1-nitroso-
piperidine at 21 and 4 hours before sacrifice. All five
noncarcinogenic compounds had no effects on any
experimental parameters examined (hepatic DNA
damage, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity,
serum alanine aminotransferase (SGPT) activity, cy-
tochrome P-450 and glutathione content). After admin-
istration of 40 mg/kg of 1-nitrosopiperidine, significant
hepatic DNA damage and a 3- to 7-fold increase in the
activity of hepatic ODC were observed. 1 -Nitrosopiper-
idine (120 mg/kg, 3/5 LD50) caused DNA damage in
rat liver and esophagus but not In leukocytes. The
higher dose of 1-nitrosopiperidine also decreased he-
patic cytochrome P-450 content by 37% and In-
creased hepatic ornithine decarboxylase activity by 9-
toid. As ODC is often induced by tumor-promoters, 1-
nitrosopiperidine may have both promoting and initiat-
ing properties. (Copyright (c) 1989 Maxwell Pergamon
Macmillan pic.)
Keywords: "Biochemistry, "Nitrogen heterocyclic com-
pounds, "Liver, "Carcinogens, "Toxicology, Leuko-
cytes, Lethal dosage. Glutathione, Esophagus, Rats,
Reprints, Ornithine decarboxylase, DNA damage, Ala-
nine aminotransferase, Cytochrome P-450.
PB90-245978/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Biochemical Effects of Three Carcinogenic Chlor-
inated Methances in Rat Liver. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park NC
K. T. Kitchin, and J. L. Brown. c1989,10p EPA/600/J-
89/397
Pub. in Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis, and Mutagen-
esis, v9 p61 -69, Jan 89.
Three chlorinated methanes, carbon tetrachloride,
chloroform and methylene chloride known to cause
liver tumors in rodents, were given by oral gavage to
adult female rats both 21 and 4 hours before sacnfice.
Then hepatic DNA damage, ornithine decarboxylase,
cytochrome P-450, glutathione content and serum ala-
nine aminotransferase activity assays were performed.
Carbon tetrachloride increased rat hepatic ornithine
decarboxylase activity and decreased cytochrome P-
450 content at doses both below and above cytotoxi-
city (as measured by increased serum alanine amino-
transferase activity). At 54 and 160 mg/kg, chloroform
increased hepatic ornithine decarboxylase activity with
minimal or no elevation in serum alanine aminotrans-
ferase activity. After oral administration of 480 mg/kg
of chloroform, hepatic ornithine decarboxylase activity,
serum alanine aminotransferase activity and hepatic
DNA damage were increased while hepatic cytoch-
rome P-450 content was decreased. The results with
methylene chloride varied between replicates done on
three different days. (Copyright (c) 1989 Alan R. Liss,
Inc.)
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Biochemistry, "Liver,
"Carbon tetrachloride, "Chloroform, "Chlorometh-
anes, Glutathione, Liver neoplasms, Lethal dosage,
Reprints, "Carcinogenicity tests, Cell survival, DNA
damage, Cytochrome P-450, Ornithine decarboxylase,
Alanine aminotransferase, Mutagenicity tests.
PB90-245986/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Evidence for Monoamlnergic involvement In Tria-
dimsfon-lnduced Hyperactivity. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
K. M. Crofton, V. M. Boncek, and R. C. Macphail,
C1989, 6p EPA/600/J-69/396
Pub. in Psychopharmacology, v97 p326-330 1989.
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc./
Environmental Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Triadimefon is a triazole fungicide that produces hyper-
activity in both mice and rats similar to that seen fol-
lowing administration of compounds with catechola-
minergic activity (e.g., d-amphetamine). To determine
whether the triadimefon-induced hyperactivity is due to
an action on CNS catecholaminergic systems, the ef-
fects of combined treatment of triadimefon with either
the tyrosine hydroxlase inhibitor d,l-alpha-methyl-p-ty-
rosine methyl ester HCI (alphaMPT) or the amine de-
pletor reserpine were evaluated. Adult male Long-
Evans hooded rats, approximately 70 days of age were
used. Dosage-effect functions were determined for al-
phaMPT (0-200 mg/kg IP), reserpine (0-2.5 mg/kg IP),
d-amphetamine (0-3 mg/kg IP), and methylphenidate
(0-40 mg/kg IP). Motor activity was measured as pho-
tocell interruptions in figure-eight mazes. The interac-
tion between triadimefon and alphaMPT was deter-
mined with the following groups: (1) vehicle control; (2)
200 mg/kg triadimefon PO; (3) 100 mg/kg alphaMPT,-
and (40 both alphaMPT and triadimefon. A similar
design was used to determine the interaction between
triadimefon and reserpine (0.62 mg/kg) alphaMPT and
d-amphetamine (1.5 mg/kg), and reserpine and meth-
ylphenidate (5.0 mg/kg). (Copyright (c) Springer-
Verlag 1989.)
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Fungicides, Laboratory ani-
mals, Enzyme inhibitors, Reserpine, Central nervous
system, Reprints, "Monoamines, "Triadimefon, "Hy-
peractivity, Motor activity, Dose-response relation-
ships, Tyrosine hydroxylase, Drug antagonism.
PB90-2469M/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Analysis of Multiple Correlated Binary Outcomes:
Application to Rodent Teratology Experiments.
Journal article.
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Dept. of
Biostatistics.
M Lefkopoulou, D. Moore, and L. Ryan. c1989, 7p
EPA/600/J-89/395
Pub. in Jnl. of the American Statistical Association, v84
n407 p810-815 Sep 89. Prepared in cooperation with
Dana-Farber Cancer Inst., Boston, MA., and Temple
Univ., Philadelphia, PA. Dept. of Statistics. Sponsored
by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
In a developmental toxicity study, pregnant animals
are exposed to the test substance and their offspring
are assessed for defects. Often, multiple observations
are made on each fetus, in which case the data are
doubly nested. In the article, the approach of Liang
and Zeger (1986) and Liang (1986) is adapted to yield
an analysis, which appropriately allows for the correla-
tion structure. (Copyright (c) American Statistical Asso-
ciation.)
Keywords: "Toxicology, Rodents, Statistical analysis,
Mathematical models, Multivariate analysis, Acetazol-
amide, Reprints, "Teratogens, Phenytoin, Animal preg-
nancy, Dose-response relationships.
PB90-246000/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Estlmabllity and Estimation of Excess and Etiolo-
glc Fractions. Journal article.
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
J. Robins, and S. Greenland. c1989,16p EPA/600/J-
89/394
Pub. in Statistics in Medicine, v8 p845-859 Jul 89 Pre-
pared in cooperation with California Univ., Los Ange-
les. School of Public Health. Sponsored by Health Ef-
fects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The paper describes conditions under which epidemio-
logic data can provide estimates of the excess fraction
(proportionate increase in caseload due to an expo-
sure) and the etiologic fraction (fraction of cases
caused by exposure). The excess fraction can be esti-
mated under essentially the same conditions often
cited for general study validity. In contrast, estimation
of the etiologic fraction will usually require very specific
non-identifiable assumptions about exposure action
and interactions, although one can derive simple lower
and upper bounds for the fraction from survival com-
parisons. The etiologic fraction is equivalent to the
probability of causation. (Copyright (c) 1989 by John
Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
Keywords: "Epidemiology, "Etiology, Statistical analy-
sis, Exposure, Probability theory,
Formulas(Mathematics), Reprints, Survival analysis.
E!!&215?1®/H®u	PC A03/MF A01
Part! NC Re$earch Lab., Research Triangle
Immunosuppression of Pulmonary Natural Killer
Activity by Exposure to Ozone. Journal article.
Northrop Services, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ppb in August in Beijing, and it was only 0.1 ppb in De-
cember in Beijing,
Keywords: "Hydrogen peroxide, "Atmospheric compo-
sition, Chemical analysis, Atmospheric chemistry, Site
surveys,	Lushan	Mountain,
Concentration(Composition), Ozone, Experimental
design, Troposphere, Photochemical reactions, Strat-
osphere, Reprints, "Foreign technology, "Air pollution
sampling, "Air pollution detection, China,
Beijing(China), Chemical reaction mechanisms, Fluor-
ometry.
PB90-246075/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Electrode Measurement of Redox Potential in An-
aerobic Ferric/Ferrous Chloride Systems. Journal
article.
Colorado School of Mines, Golden. Dept. of Chemistry
and Geochemistry.
T. J. Grundl, and D. L. Macalady. C1989, 23p EPA/
600/J-89/386
Grant EPA-R-813077
Pub. in Jnl. of Contaminant Hydrology, v5 n1 p97-117
Dec 89. Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental
Research Lab., Ada, OK.
The behavior of two inert redox electrodes (Pt and
wax-impregnated graphite) was investigated in anaer-
obic ferrous and ferric chloride solutions in order to es-
tablish if these electrodes respond to the Fe(3+)/
Fe(2 +) couple in a Nernstian manner. A new method
for determining dissolved ferric iron at any point in time
was used which permitted the calculation of Eh values
that are independent of variations in the solubility of
ferric oxyhydroxides. This method is applicable to
simple iron solution at pH levels of 4 or less. In solu-
tions of ionic strength greater than 0.005M, both elec-
trodes yielded measured potentials that correspond to
the value calculated by the Nernst equation. In solu-
tions of ionic strength less than 0.005M, electrode re-
sponse became non-Nernstian behavior. (Copyright
(c) 1989 Elsevier Science Publishers B. V.)
Keywords: "Anaerobic processes, 'Electrode poten-
tials, "Iron chlorides, "Iron, Oxidation, Hydrology, pH,
Geochemistry, Cations, Electrochemistry,
Reduction(Cnemlstry), Thermodynamic properties,
Nernst effect. Experimental design, Water pollution,
Chemical equilibrium, Reprints.
PB90-246083/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Developing a Data Base on Infrastructure Needs.
Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Water Engineering Research Lab.
R. M. Clark, R. G. tilers, and J. A. Goodrich. c1989,
10p EPA/600/J-89/343
Pub. in Jnl. American Water Works Association, v81 n7
p81-87 Jul 89. Presented at ASCE Pipeline Infrastruc-
ture Conference, Boston, MA., June 6-7, 1988. Pre-
pared in cooperation with South Central Connecticut
Regional Water Authority, New Haven.
The Safe Drinking Water Act of 1974 mandates that
the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) be con-
cerned with the supply of potable water to the con-
sumer. Although most emphasis has been placed on
water quality as it leaves the treatment plant, interest is
increasing in the role of the distribution system in caus-
ing water quality deterioration. In addition, distribution
systems often account for 80% of total utility expendi-
tures in drinking water. The paper reports on the re-
search being conducted by the EPA in the areas of
cost modeling, development of systems for maintain-
ing leak and break records and for assessing the prob-
ability of breaks and leaks occurring in distribution sys-
tems.
Keywords: 'Potable water, "Water quality, 'Water dis-
tribution. Distribution systems, Water treatment, Main-
tenance, Leakage, Water pipelines, Economic analy-
sis, Cost effectiveness, Reprints, 'Data bases, Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency.
PB90-246091/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Evaluation of an Anion Exchange Resin for Sam-
pling Ambient Level Phenolic Compounds. Rept.
for 1 Dec 88-30 Sep 89.
Battelle Columbus Div., OH.
M. Nishioka, and H. Burkholder. 27 Apr 90,127p EPA/
600/3-90/055
Contract EPA-68-02-4127
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
The determination of human exposure to polar volatile
and semivolatile organic compounds is an area of in-
creasing importance to EPA. Since the bioavailability
of many polar compounds is greater than for relatively
non-polar compounds, methods are needed for the se-
lective sampling and analysis of these types of com-
pounds. The anion exchange resin AG MP-1 was eval-
uated for selective collection and retention of vapor
phase phenolic compounds. The primary goal of the
program was development of sampling and analysis
conditions which would permit detection and quantifi-
cation of diverse phenolic and hydroxylated species at
ambient levels of 1 ppbv. Phenols (and other acidic
compounds) are retained on AG MP-1 by formation of
a chemical bond; the reaction is reversed to liberate
the phenols from the sorbent prior to analysis. Be-
cause of the dominant concern about collection and
recovery, investigations here centered upon those pa-
rameters which affect the formation of the initial chem-
ical bond between phenolic analyte and sorbent and
those procedures that allow subsequent reversal of
these reactions for quantitative recovery of analytes in
the laboratory.
Keywords: 'Anion exchanging, 'Sorbents, Trace ele-
ments, Phenols, Gas chromatography,
Concentration(Composition), Performance evaluation,
Extractions, Acids, Tables(Data), Mass spectroscopy,
Spectrum analysis, Chromatographic analysis, 'Air
pollution sampling, 'Air samplers, 'AG MP-1 resin, Air
pollution detection, Volatile organic compounds.
PB90-24610S/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Bureau of Mines, Albany, OR.
Evaluation of an Atmospheric Damage Function
for Galvanized Steel.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
H. Haynie, J. W. Spence, F. W. Lipfert, S. D. Cramer,
and L. G. McDonald. 1990,41 p EPA/600/D-90/068
Prepared in cooperation with Brookhaven National
Lab., Upton, NY. Sponsored by Bureau of Mines,
Albany, OR.
A model for corrosion of zinc based on competing
mechanisms of the formation and dissolution of a pro-
tective film of basic zinc carbonate was evaluated. The
model consists of a diffusivity term (ions through the
film) which controls the buildup of a protective film and
a solubilization term which controls the rate of dissolu-
tion of the film. The model was evaluated by using
comprehensive data collected from field experiments
designed to separate the effects of wet and dry acid
deposition from normal weathering effects such as
clean rain, temperature, wind speed, and relative hu-
midity. The data were primarily used to evaluate the
theoretically calculated components of the dissolution
rate term because after about three years it becomes
the rate upon which long-term corrosion behavior may
be predicted. The model was also evaluated with re-
spect to historical long-term data for different shapes
and sizes of galvanized products. The field data used
in the evaluation were found to be consistent with
values predicted by the model. Thus, the model can be
used with reasonable confidence to predict long-term
corrosion behavior of different structures in real envi-
ronments if the environments are properly described.
Keywords: 'Galvanized materials, 'Steels, 'Zinc coat-
ings, 'Corrosion tests, Mathematical models, Atmos-
pheric corrosion tests, Air pollution, Weathering, Reac-
tion kinetics, Diffusion, Films, Tables(Data), Field tests,
Accelerated tests, Forecasting, Humidity, Rain, Acidi-
ty, Wind velocity, Carbonates, Sulfur dioxide, Environ-
mental tests. Temperature dependence.
PB90-246117/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Flow Cytometric Analysis of the Cellular Toxicity
Trlbutyltin.
Harry G. Armstrong Aerospace Medical Research
Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH.
R. M. Zucker, K. H. Elstein, R. E. Easterling, and E. J.
Massaro. Nov 87,24p EPA/600/D-90/027
See also PB90-186263. Proceedings of the Confer-
ence on Toxicology (17th) held on November 3-5,
1987. Prepared in cooperation with NSI Technology
Services Corp., Dayton, OH., Naval Medical Research
Inst., Bethesda, MD., and Northrop Services, Inc., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Sponsored by Health Ef-
fects Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Flow cytometric and light/fluorescence microscopic
analyses indicate that tributyltin (TBT) alters the
plasma membrane/cytoplasm complex of the murine
erythroleukemic cell (MELC) in a dose dependent and
time-dependent manner. The flow cytometric parame-
ter axial light loss, a measure of cell volume, de-
creases in cells exposed to 5 micro M TBT relative to
control cells or cells exposed to 50 micro M TBT. The
flow cytometric parameter 90 deg light scatter, a func-
tion of refractive index and a measure of protein con-
tent, increases as a function of TBT concentration
above 0.5 micro M, but less than 50 micro M DNA dis-
tribution across the cell cycle cannot be resolved ade-
quately by flow cytometry. Relative to logarithmically
growing cells, MELC in the stationary pnase of the
growth cycle and butyric acid-differentiated cells ex-
hibit decreased plasma membrane permeability result-
ing in increased carboxyfluorescein (CF) retention de-
rived from the intracellular hydrolysis of carboxy-
fluorescein diacetate (CFDA). Similarly, cells exposed
to TBT concentrations below 50 micro M exhibit in-
creased cellular CF retention. Viability in terms of
CFDA hydrolysis/CF retention and propidium iodide
(PI) exclusion is not decreased by exposure to TBT
concentrations below 1 micro M. At doses between 5
and 50 micro M, however, cells exhibit both CF and PI
fluorescence simultaneously and are programmed for
death.
Keywords: 'Proceedings, 'Toxicology, Fluorescence,
Deoxyribonucleic acids, 'Tributyltin, 'Cell survival,
Flow cytometry, Cell membrane, Cultured cells, Mem-
brane potential, Cell differentiation, Dose-response re-
lationships.
PB90-24612S/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
Combining Pharmacokinetic and Cancer Bloassay
Data.
Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Family, Community and
Preventive Medicine.
A. S. Whittemore. 1986,16p EPA/600/D-90/047
Grants NIH-PHS-00070, NIH-PHS-CA-23214
Proceedings of New Directions on the Extrapolation of
Health Risks from Animals to Man, v2: Toxicokinetics,
San Diego, CA., March 1986. Sponsored by National
Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Electric Power Re-
search Inst., Palo Alto, CA., Alfred P. Sloan Founda-
tion, New York, and Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Despite formidable sources of uncertainty, risk assess-
ments are needed to avoid the extremes of either ban-
ning or allowing all exposures to potentially harmful
chemicals. The paper addresses methods for reducing
uncertainty in relationships between human exposures
and disease, particularly cancer. Attention will focus
on possible improvements in the use of animal experi-
ments to predict human cancer risks.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Carcinogens, Bioassay, Ex-
posure, Humans, Laboratory animals, Metabolism, Re-
prints, 'Pharmacokinetics, 'Risk assessment, 'Car-
cinogenicity tests, Predictive value of tests. Dose-re-
sponse relationships, Species diversity.
PB90-246133/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Trianale
Park, NC.	a
Hygroscopic Aerosol Induced Vapor Scavenging
and Deposition from the Inspired Air and Conju-
gated Changes of Air Temperature and Humidity.
NSI Technology Services Corp., Research Trianale
Park, NC.
A. D. Eisner. 1990,6p EPA/600/D-90/048
Contract EPA-68-02-4450
Presented at the International Aerosol Conference
(3rd), Kyoto, Japan, September 24-27, 1990. Spon-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
sored by Health Effects Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
A quantitative theory has been developed to predict
coupled energy and mass transport phenomena
during inhalation of hygroscopic aerosol-laden air. It is
shown that water vapor condensation on hygroscopic
particles during inhalation of aerosol-laden air may
result in very nonuniform aerosol induced vapor depo-
sition in the lung. The developed theory is not limited to
water vapor and can be applied to other vapor/gas
particle-induced scavenging and deposition in the res-
piratory system.
Keywords: "Computerized simulation, 'Aerosols,
"Lung, Deposition, Public health, Mass transfer, Heat
transfer, Hygroscopicity, Temperature, Humidity, Inha-
lation, Reprints, * Air pollution effects(Humans), Risk
assessment.
PB90-246141/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Rapid On-Slte Methods of Chemical Analysis.
IT Corp., Edison, NJ.
D. P. Remeta, M. Gruenfeld, and R. E. Montgomery.
C1985,60p ISBN-0-306-41928-9, EPA/600/D-90/062
Contract EPA-68-03-3069
Pub. in Contaminated Land - Reclamation and Treat-
ment Chapter 11, p257-309. Library of Congress cata-
log card no. 85-3562. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction En-
gineering Lab.
The analysis of potentially hazardous air, water and
soil samples collected and shipped to service labora-
tories off-site is time consuming and expensive. The
Chapter addresses the practical alternative of per-
forming the requisite analytical services on-site. The
most significant application of such methodology is the
initial appraisal of chemical waste sites and identifica-
tion of highly contaminated areas. Hence, the majority
of the methods reviewed are selective for classes of
compounds, providing semi-quantitative and semi-
qualitative information. The methods are useful as
screening techniques for monitoring the general levels
of contamination in a specific area. The major advan-
tages of field-oriented chemical analysis methods are
real time sample analyses and reduced costs. Since
field methods are less intricate than conventional
methodology, sample throughput is increased sub-
stantially, resulting in cost savings. Costs are further
reduced through the use of portable instruments that
are relatively inexpensive to operate and maintain. The
use of rapid on-site methodology does not preclude
further characterization of samples for the presence of
specific toxicants. In this regard, field methods may
assist in identifying certain key analytical parameters
which are then examined at a laboratory facility
equipped with the appropriate instrumentation. The
use of mobile analytical laboratories may be a practical
alternative in certain situations.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Hazardous materials,
Soil analysis, Mobile equipment, Laboratories, Sam-
pling, Waste disposal, Site surveys, Chromatographic
analysis, Quality assurance, Quality control, Compat-
ibility, Decision making, Monitors, Spectrum analysis,
Reprints, Land disposal, Water pollution monitoring,
Air pollution monitoring, Toxic substances, Soil con-
tamination, Land reclamation, Toxic substances, Case
studies.
P09O-246158/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Use of Geosynthetics In Municipal Solid Waste
Disposal Facilities.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
R. E. Landreth. 1990,12p EPA/600/D-90/061
Presented at the U.S. Conference on Municipal Solid
Waste Management (1 st), June 13-16,1990.
The use of geosynthetics is increasing in all types of
waste management facilities. The use of flexible mem-
branes for containment and geonets and geotextiles
for conveyance of liquids and gases will allow the
design community to develop innovative designs.
However, the use of geosynthetics is not without tech-
nical issues. The paper will discuss the issues of
chemical resistance and biologica/particulate clogging
of these materials. Chemical resistance evaluation of
all geosynthetics is required for hazardous waste con-
tainment. Method 9090 is the recognized method to
expose the material and specific tests have been rec-
ommended to assess the rate of change in selected
physical properties. The use of the technique in MSW
facilities may or may not be required. Several issues in-
cluding the proposed method will be discussed and
recommendations made. Biological/particulate clog-
ging of synthetic drainage materials has been under in-
vestigation for over two years. Initial results indicate
that MSW leachate will support a good biological mass
that will in fact clog the geosynthetics. Results also in-
dicate that the biologicals do not degrade the geo-
synthetics. Control techniques such as a surface bio-
cide or a migrating biocide are being evaluated. These
results will be discussed. Particulate clogging is also a
design feature that requires consideration when de-
signing MSW disposal facilities. The latest design in-
formation will also be discussed.
Keywords: 'Solid waste disposal, 'Hazardous materi-
als, Chemical resistance, Physical properties, Design
criteria, Performance evaluation, Leaching, Plugging,
Particles, Aerobic processes, Anaerobic processes,
'Municipal wastes, 'Geosynthetic materials, Land dis-
posal, EPA method 9090, Long term effects.
PB90-2461B6/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
New Jersey Dept. of Environmental Protection, Tren-
ton. Office of Quality Assurance.
Development of an Environmental Monitoring
Technique Using Synchronous Excitation (SE)
Fluorescence Spectroscopy.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
D. Stainken, and U. Frank. Jul 88,25p EPA/600/D-90/
060
Presented at the Symposium on Waste Testing and
QA, Washington, DC., July 1988. Sponsored by New
Jersey Dept. of Environmental Protection, Trenton.
Office of Quality Assurance.
Environmental monitoring of discharge plumes (sur-
face and groundwater) and effluents generally in-
volves extensive analyses for specific analytes. An al-
ternative/supportive technique in these situations is
the use of SE fluorescence spectroscopy. This tech-
nique can be used for fingerprinting effluents and con-
taminant mixtures in the ppt range and can be used to
evaluate the presence of mixtures (e.g. effluents) and
dilution plumes. An SE fluorescence technique was
developed specifically for monitoring effluent from a
facility manufacturing a variety of dyes and ancillary
products. Prior to discharge, the effluent was treated in
a biological and charcoal (PAC) waste treatment
system. The effects of sampling (composite, grab),
sample storage, fluorescence properties of the efflu-
ent (spectral fingerprint) and fluorescence characteris-
tics or the effluent in ambient waters was determined.
Consequently, a method was established which 'fin-
gerprints' effluent at dilutions of 1:1000, can identify ef-
fluent at dilutions of 1:4000, and has fingerprinted simi-
lar source material in a rivershed adjacent to the site.
The rapid approach can be used to fingerprint and
monitor a variety of environmental discharges of
plumes when appropriate contaminants are present.
Keywords: 'Water analysis, 'Dyes, 'Hazardous mate-
rials, Plumes, Industrial wastes, Sampling, Perform-
ance evaluation,X ray spectroscopy, New Jersey, Re-
prints, 'Environmental monitoring, 'Water pollution
detection, 'X ray fluorescence, Chemical effluents,
Waste treatment, Tracer studies.
PB90-246174/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Trace Metal Fate In a Rotary Kiln Incinerator with
an Ionizing Wet Scrubber.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
L. R. Waterland, D. J. Fournier, J. W. Lee, and G. J.
Carroll. 1990,12pEPA/600/D-90/059
Contract EPA-68-C9-0038
Presented at the Incineration Conference, 1990, San
Diego, CA., May 16, 1990. Prepared in cooperation
with Acurex Corp., Jefferson, AR.
A series of pilot-scale incineration tests wasperformed
at EPA's Incineration Research Facility (IRF) in Jeffer-
son, Arkansas, to evaluate the fate of trace metals fed
to a rotary kiln incinerator equipped with an ionizing
wet scrubber (IWS) for particulate and acid gas con-
trol. Test variables were kiln temperature, ranging from
816 to 927 C (1500 to 1700 F); afterburner tempera-
ture, ranging from 982 to 1204 C (1800 to 2200 F); and
feed chlorine content, ranging from 0 to 8 percent. The
test program evaluated the fate of five hazardous con-
stituent trace metals (arsenic, barium, cadmium, chro-
mium, and lead) and four nonhazardous constituent
trace metals (bismuth, copper, magnesium, and stron-
tium). The test results indicate that cadmium and bis-
muth were relatively volatile, with an average of less
than 40 percent discharged with the kiln ash. Arsenic,
barium, chromium, copper, lead, magnesium, and
strontium were relatively nonvolatile, with an average
of greater than 80 percent discharged with the kiln ash.
Observed relative metal volatilities generally agreed
with the volatilities predicted based on vapor pres-
sure/temperature relationships, with the exception of
arsenic which was much less volatile than predicted.
The volatility of cadmium, bismuth, and lead increased
as kiln temperature was increased: the discharge dis-
tributions of the remaining metals were not significant-
ly affected by changes in kiln temperature. Apparent
scrubber collection efficiencies for the metals aver-
aged 22 to 71 percent, and were generally higher for
the less volatile metals. The overall average metal col-
lection efficiency was 43 percent.
Keywords: 'Metals, 'Incinerators, 'Air pollution con-
trol equipment, 'Waste disposal, Scrubbers, Pilot
plants, Particles, Acids, Hazardous materials, Perform-
ance evaluation, Afterburners, Combustion products,
Reprints, Wet methods.
PB90-246182/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Overview of EPA Research on Underground Stor-
age Tank Leak Detection.
Camp, Dresser and McKee, Inc.. Boston, MA.
M. S. Rosenberg, J. M. Nault, and A. N. Tafuri. 1989,
25p EPA/600/D-90/058
Contract EPA-68-03-3409
Presented at the HMCRI National RCRA (Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act)/Superfund Confer-
ence (6th), New Orleans, LA., April 12-14,1989. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati,
OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
Research for leak detection at underground storage
tank systems (USTs) is being carried out at two Offices
of Research and Development (ORD) laboratories
within EPA's organization. The Edison, New Jersey lab
-- the Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory - fo-
cuses its attention on internal detection methods. Its
primary objective to date has been to determine the
performance capabilities of volumetric tank testing de-
vices in terms of probability of detection and probabili-
ty of false alarm. The Las Vegas, Nevada lab - the En-
vironmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory - ad-
dresses external detection devices. The work has thus
far consisted of the development of test methods to
enable manufacturers of external monitoring devices
to determine the performance of their equipment in
terms of specificity, accuracy, response time, detec-
tion limits, drift, and Interferences. Results of EPA re-
search efforts have contributed to the development of
the Technical Standards for UST regulations, enacted
in September 1988.
Keywords: "Storage tanks, "Underground storage,
'Leakage, 'Detection, Research projects, Standards]
Contamination, Pollution, Fuel storage, Fuel tanks, US
EPA, Leak detectors.
PB90-246190/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Technical and Regulatory Status of Solidification/
Stabilization In the United States.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
E. Barth, C. Wiles, J. Matthews, and M. McFariand
1989,11 p EPA/600/D-90/057
Presented at the KEPA (Korea Environmental Preser-
vation Association), Seoul, Korea, May 1989.
Solidification/Stabilization is currently being used for
the treatment of Industrial sludges, contaminated soil
and municipal combustion ashes. In general, solidifica-
tion/stabilization is effective in reducing the leaching
of heavy metals from these waste types. More re-
search is needed for organic waste streams. Current
testing methods only Indicate long-term physical and
chemical durability.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Meetings, 'Solidifi-
cation, 'Stabilization, Industrial wastes. United States
Waste disposal, Sludge disposal, Ashes, Biodeteriora-
tion, Organic compounds, Physical properties, Chemi-
cal properties, Leaching, 'Technology transfer, 'Land
disposal. 'Waste treatment, Chemical reaction mech-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
anisms, Korea, Heavy metals, Long term effects,
Waste management, Soil contamination.
PB90-246208/HSU	PC A03/MF AOt
Concentration Distributions In the Near-Wake of a
Building.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
R. F. Lawson. Mar 90,45p EPA/600/D-90/071
Presented at the Workshop on Dispersion Around
Groups of Buildings, Roskilde, Denmark, April 30-May
3,1990.
A set of wind-tunnel data is presented which describes
the concentration distributions resulting from diffusion
of a passive tracer in the near-wake of a cubical build-
ing. Sources were located near ground level both up-
stream and downstream of the building, and centered
atop the building. Ground-level centerline concentra-
tions predicted by several simple models for disper-
sion in building wakes were compared with the meas-
ured wind-tunnel data in order to determine the limits
within which such models could be expected to pro-
vide acceptable predictions. The Huber-Snyder model
was found to provide very good agreement with the
ground-level centerline concentrations, but at the ex-
pense of underpredicting the lateral plume spread. The
Ferrara-Cagnetti model provided better agreement
with observed plume spreads, but underpredicted the
observed concentrations. Based upon observations of
transport speed in the wake of similar obstacles, a
simple modification to the Ferrara-Cagnetti model is
suggested which improves the prediction of concen-
trations while still providing reasonable estimates of
the plume spread. The application of various types of
building-wake diffusion models is briefly summarized.
Keywords: "Wind pressure, "Aerodynamics, "Build-
ings, 'Wakes, Turbulence, Wind tunnel models,
Boundary layer, Vortices, Flow visualization, 'Wind
tunnel tests.
PBS0-246216/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
EPA Air Monitoring Bank Propoaal.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
BAfifimAnt I ah
R. E. Lee.Sep89,12pEPA/600/D-90/070
Proceedings of the U.S.-German Seminar of State and
Planning on Environmental Specimen Banking (12th),
Ottawa, Canada, September 24-28,1989.
Specimen banking of air pollution samples has not
been attempted because of the complexity of this type
of environmental medium. Pollutants may exist in air as
gases or particles or distributed in between these two
states. Empirically, air pollutants may be categorized
as volatiles, semivolatiles, or nonvolatiles based on
vapor pressure. Since no single collection device
exists for all three categories, very different monitoring
technologies are required for each. The most promis-
ing approach for air specimen banking is to focus on
the semivolatile fraction using a sampler that consists
of a filter followed by a downstream sorbent material to
collect gases. The combined solvent extract of both
the filter and the sorbent can thereby be cryogenically
preserved for retrospective analysis.
Keywords: 'Sample preparation, Forecasting, Solvent
extraction, Sorbents, Cryogenics, Air filters, Particles,
Gases, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Air specimen banks,
*Alr samplers, US EPA.
PB90-246224/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
International Sodar Intercomparlson Experiment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
J. E. Gaynor, C. B. Baker, and J. C. Kaimal. 1990, lip
EPA/600/D-90/069
Prepared in cooperation with National Oceanic and At-
mospheric Administration, Boulder, CO. Wave Propa-
gation Lab.
The paper presents preliminary results from the Inter-
national Sodar Intercomparlson Experiment (ISIE)
conducted at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory in
September 1988. Twenty-minute mean wind speeds
and directions from a variety of sodar systems com-
pare well with measurements on the 300-m BAO
tower, as they did in an earlier (1982) comparison ex-
periment at the site. The vertical velocity standard de-
viations compare better than they did before, but the
horizontal wind standard deviations showed no im-
provement.
Keywords: Wind direction, Wind velocity, "Sodar,
"Wind measurement, International Sodar Intercom-
parlson Experiment, ISIE experiment.
PB90-246232/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Development ot a Simple Indicator for Measuring
the Performance of Incinerators, Industrial Fur-
naces, and Boilers Burning Hazardous Waste.
Rept. for Oct 89-Mar 90.
Arizona Univ., Tucson. Dept. of Chemical Engineering.
P. M. Lemieux, W. P. Linak, J. A. McSorley, J. O. L.
Wendt, and J. E. Dunn. 1990,14p* EPA/600/D-90/
055
Contract EPA-68-02-4701, Grant EPA-R-814945-02
Presented at Air and Waste Management Association
International Specialty Conference, Kansas City, MO.,
April 17-20,1990. Prepared in cooperation with Arkan-
sas Univ., Fayetteville. Dept. of Mathematical Sci-
ences. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses the development of a simple indi-
cator-Unsatisfied Oxygen Demand (UOD)-for meas-
uring the performance of incinerators, industrial fur-
naces, and boilers burning hazardous waste. Current
RCRA regulations use destruction and removal effi-
ciency (DRE) of the principal organic hazardous con-
stituents (POHCs) in the feed as the main regulatory
parameter to determine performance of facilities incin-
erating hazardous waste during a RCRA trial burn. Cal-
culating DRE, however, is expensive and time con-
suming on a regular basis, and it is impossible to meas-
ure DRE continuously using existing on-line analyzers.
In addition, DRE does not address potential emissions
of toxic compounds that can be formed as products of
incomplete combustion (PICs) during incineration. Ex-
periments on a 73 kW rotary kiln incinerator simulator
equipped with a 58.4 kW afterburner/control tempera-
ture tower have been performed to aid in the develop-
ment of a uniform, easy-to-measure performance indi-
cator for comparing transient puffs generated by batch
incineration of different types of surrogate wastes. By
utilizing time-integrated responses from process gas
analyzers, rather than instantaneous or averaged re-
sponses, it is possible to derive an indicator of the rela-
tive degree of local oxygen starvation that waste mate-
rial was exposed to while passing through the incinera-
tor.
Keywords: 'Incinerators, 'Waste disposal, 'Combus-
tion products, 'Boilers, 'Furnaces, 'Hazardous mate-
rials, Removal, Oxygen, Organic compounds, Perform-
ance evaluation, Carbon dioxide, Experimental design,
Air pollution abatement, Standards, Efficiency, Numer-
ical analysis, Reprints, 'Air pollution sampling, Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act, Pollution reg-
ulations.
PB90-246240/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Stratification of Particulate and VOC Pollutants in
Paint Spray Booths, June 1990. Rept. for Apr 88-
Apr 89.
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA.
C. H. Darvin, and J. Ayer. 1990,14p EPA/600/D-90/
054
Contract EPA-68-02-4285
See also PB90-220831. Presented at Annual Meeting
of the Air and Waste Management Association (83rd),
Pittsburgh, PA., June 24-29,1990. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses flow management as part of a
joint EPA/U.S. Air Force program on emissions from
paint spray booths. The goal of the program is to iden-
tify and develop efficient and economical emissions
control concepts for this source. Flow management is
one potential 8olution that reduces the volume of
gases that must be processed in a control system. Al-
though It will not itself control pollution, it can influence
the economic and technical viability of subsequent
control systems. The test program discussed here was
designed to characterize the pollutants both within and
exiting a typical back-draw booth for which emissions
control and flow management strategies are being de-
veloped. Study results indicate that both particulate
and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) fall to the
lower level of the booth or, at most, stratify at the level
at which they were generated. Results indicate that the
concentration at the lower level of the booth near the
exhaust was from 5 to 25 times greater than that at the
upper level. The importance of these findings is that it
might be possible to partition a booth's air flow into two
zones, one lean and the other concentrated. The en-
riched lower zone could then be directed to a propor-
tionately smaller VOC control system, of lower capital
and operating costs.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Spray painting, 'Par-
ticles, Stratification, Flow control, Air flow, Flow distri-
bution, Concentration(Composition), Reprints, 'Vola-
tile organic compounds, Indoor air pollution.
PB90-246257/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Emissions from Cofiring Surrogate Hazardous
Waste in a Commercial Packaged Bolter. Rept. for
Aug 86-May 87.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. H. Wasser, and R. Srivastava. 1990,15p EPA/600/
D-90/053
Presented at Air and Waste Management Association
Specialty Conference, Kansas City, MO., April 20,
1990. Prepared in cooperation with Acurex Corp., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Environmental Systems Div.
The paper gives results of a study of steady state and
transient operating conditions when cofiring surrogate
liquid hazardous waste in a firetube packaged boiler.
The destruction and removal efficiencies (DREs) for
the principal organic hazardous constituents (POHCs)
were determined under the varying conditions. Results
indicate that aromatic chlorocarbons are the most diffi-
cult to destroy. A DRE of <99.99% was experienced
for transient operating conditions in load, stoichiome-
try, and waste feed rate. Steady operation above 10%
excess air ensures DREs of >99.99%. Major products
of incomplete combustion (PICs) seen were methylene
chloride and chloroform.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, "Combustion efficien-
cy, 'Hazardous materials, "Waste disposal, 'Boilers,
Organic compounds, Steady state, Performance eval-
uation, Chlorohydrocarbons, Combustion products,
Burning rate, Stoichiometrv, Reprints, 'Air pollution
sampling, 'Cocombustion, Fuel-air ratio.
PB90-246265/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Success of EPA's Stratospheric Ozone Engineer-
ing Research.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
W. J. Rhodes, and P. S. Shapiro. 1990,12p EPA/600/
D-90/084
Presented at Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste
Management Association 983rd), Pittsburgh, PA., June
24-29,1990.
The paper summarizes recent successes in, as well as
work in progress (with the cooperation of industry) on,
EPA's stratospheric ozone engineering research. The
Montreal Protocol and U.S. regulations implementing
the Protocol necessitate that engineering solutions be
found and implemented to avoid the use of certain
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons. CFCs and
halons are used for solvents, refrigerants, aerosol pro-
pellants, foams, and fire protection. Nearly all EPA ac-
tivities in this program involve pollution prevention as
the first alternative. This includes alternative process-
es, alternative chemicals, alternative means of accom-
plishing the desired service, and recycling. Industry co-
operation is needed in order to take advantage of in-
dustry's expertise, to get industry to buy into the solu-
tion, to conserve valuable time and resources, and to
implement results rapidly. Since the problem will be
solved only through international efforts, the U.S. is
also placing high priority on technical assistance to de-
veloping countries.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Chlorohydrocar-
bons, Stratospheric, Greenhouse effect, Industries,
Developing countries, Earth atmosphere, Fire protec-
tion, Solvents, Refrigerants, Foam, Aerosols, Reprints,
Freons, 'Halons, Environmental chemical substi-
tutes, Ozone layer, Waste recycling, Technology trans-
fer, Pollution regulations, Interagency cooperation,
Global aspects.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-246273/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Land Use Activities and Western Lake Superior
Water Quality.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
C. A. Johnston. 1990,25p EPA/600/D-90/065
Conference Proceedings: Make a Great Lake Superi-
or, Lake Superior Water Quality, Thunder Bay, Ontario,
Canada, March 22-24,1990.
Geographic Information Systems (GIS), computer sys-
tems which can analyze mapped information, can help
reduce nonpoint source pollution in the Lake Superior
basin by providing researchers and managers with a
tool for predicting the consequences of land use
change. In an EPA-funded study of 15 watersheds in
the Twin Cities metropolitan area, researchers at the
Natural Resources GIS Laboratory (NRGIS) deter-
mined how wetlands and other land uses affected
water quality. They found that wetlands were important
to water quality at the watershed scale, so land use
changes which would destroy wetlands could degrade
downstream water quality. They also found that the
position of the wetlands in the watershed made a dif-
ference as to how they affected downstream water
quality, a relationship which would have been difficult
to detect without the use of a GIS.
Keywords: 'Land use, "Water pollution abatement,
•Water quality management, 'Lake Superior, Land de-
velopment, Surface water runoff, Watersheds, Drain-
age, Computerized simulation. Erosion, Phosphorus,
Urban areas, Sediments, Reprints, 'Nonpoint sources,
Land management, Wetlands, Tributaries.
PB90-246281 /HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Testing with Littoral Enclosures.
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
R. E. Siefert, S. J. Lozano, M. L. Knuth, L. J. Heinis, and
J. C. Brazner. 1990,15p EPA/600/D-90/064
Presented at North American Benthological Society
1990 Meeting, Technical Issues Workshop, Experi-
mental Ecosystems: Applications to Ecotoxicology,
Blacksburg, VA., May 25,1990. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Wisconsin Univ.-Superior. Center for Lake Su-
perior Environmental Studies,
The littoral enclosures research design and protocol
were designed to use in developing a field test guid-
ance document to use in the pesticide registration
process. With its use, the primary and secondary (eco-
Ipgical) effects of pesticides on the structure and func-
tion of lentic ecosystems can be estimated as well as
the persistence and fate of pesticides in these environ-
ments. In 1986 a study was conducted using chlorpyri-
fos and in 1989 a study using esfenvalerate was com-
pleted. The paper describes the esfenvalerate experi-
ment.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Ecology, Field tests, Fresh
water fishes, Design, Test methods, Growth,
Reproduction(Biology), Water pollution, 'Ponds,
Aquatic biology, Reprints, 'Chlorpyrlfus, 'Esfenvaler-
ate, 'Registration.
PB90-246299/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Anu*»ir®r»th* i/0,nt To*lc"y Xenoblotlcs to
proaches	B*,lc ConcePt» and Ap-
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN
S. 1 Broderius. 199051 p EPA/600/D-90/063
Presented at the ASTM Symposium (14th) on Aquatic
Organisms: Basic Concepts and Approaches.
In evaluating the effects of toxicants on aquatic com-
munities, consideration should be given to the possibil-
ity that several chemicals may be present simulta-
neously and that joint toxicity is the reason tor adverse
impacts of pollutants on aquatic environments. Experi-
ments were designed to assess the application of cur-
rent methodology, classification schemes, and models
to explore basic principles used in defining the joint
toxicity of chemical mixtures to aquatic organisms. A
procedure to identify combined effects or toxicants
from the known or predicted toxicity of individual com-
pounds is discussed. The specific end-point used was
the 96-h LC50 for juvenile fathead minnows ('Pime-
phaies promelas') exposed to individual chemicals,
and binary and multiple equitoxic mixtures. The isobote
diagram as generated for binary mixtures was suc-
cessfully used to depict various types of response and
define chemicals that apparently have a similar or dif-
ferent mode of toxic action as determined by a whole
organism response. It was confirmed that chemicals
with a primary and common mode of toxic action can
be modeled by a quantitative structure-activity relation-
ship (QSAR) and that each mode of toxic action should
be characterized by a different empirically derived
QSAR.
Keywords: "Aquatic biology, 'Toxicity, Reprints, *Xen-
obiotics, "Water pollution effects(Animals), "Toxic
substances, Pimephales promelas, Structure-activity
relationship, Drug interaction.
PB90-246307/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab,, OR.
Biological Variability and the Influence of Stress
on Choiinsaterase Activity.
Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD.
B. A. Rattner, and A. Fairbrother. 1990,34p EPA/600/
D-90/072
Pub. in Chemicals in Agriculture series, 1990. Spon-
sored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Normal activity of brain and plasma chollnesterase in
higher vertebrates is known to be affected by age, ge-
netics, circadian rhythms, sex, endocrine function, and
reproductive status. Various stressors (e.g., nutritional
plane, ambient temperature, disease) have also been
demonstrated to alter chollnesterase activity in birds
and mammals. Naturally-occurring and stress-induced
variation in cholinesterase activity should be consid-
ered when the biomarker is used to assess exposure
to organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides. In ad-
dition to pesticide metabolism (activation and detoxi-
cation) and physiological condition, basal cholinester-
ase activity may also be a determinant of sensitivity to
cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides. The present
review examines the biological and stress-induced
sources of variability in brain and blood cholinesterase
activity of non-exposed vertebrates, and the toxicolog-
ical and hazard assessment ramifications of such vari-
ability.
Keywords: 'Stress(Physiology), 'Cholinesterase, 'Me-
tabolism, Vertebrates, Toxicology, Blood proteins,
Cholinesterase	inhibitors,	Pesticides,
Reproduction(Biology), Circadian rhythms, Genetics,
Carbamates, Reprints, Brain chemistry, Biological
markers, Organophosphorous insecticides, Species
specificity.
PB90-246315/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Climatic Constraint* and Issues of Scale Control-
ling Regional Biomes. Symposium paper.
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.
R. P. Nielson. Mar 90, 32p EPA/600/D-90/074
Presented at the Ecological Society of America's sym-
posium on The Role of Landscape Boundaries in the
Management and Restoration of Changing Environ-
ments, August 1989. Sponsored by Corvallis Environ-
mental Research Lab., OR.
The prospect of climatic change threatens to cause
large changes in regional biomes. These effects could
be in the form of qualitative changes within biomes, as
well as spatial changes in the boundaries of biomes.
The boundaries, or ecotones, between biomes have
been suggested as potentially sensitive areas to cli-
matic change and therefore useful for monitoring
change. Regional gradients of vegetation habitat size
and variability are explored for their utility in detecting
ecotone location and movement as driven by climatic
change. Maximal habitat variability, as indicated by dif-
ferential survivorship of plants, occurs at the ecotones
or transitions between biomes. The two types of
change, boundary shifts of regions and physiognomic
shifts within regions, are potentially independent and
may require different monitoring strategies to detect
impending change.
Keywords: 'Climatic changes, Variability, 'Vegetation,
Spatial distribution, 'Ecology, Air pollution, Reprints,
'Biomes, "Regional analysis, 'Environmental effects,
Landscape, Physiognomy, Habitats, Species diversity,
Global aspects, 'Natural resources management.
PB90-246323/H8U	PC A03/MF A01
Reduction of CFC Usage In US. Exempted and
Excluded Aerosols.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
N. D. Smith. 1990,15p EPA/600/D-90/049
Presented at the Annual Meeting, Air and Waste Man-
agement Association (83rd), Pittsburgh, PA., June 24-
29,1990.
The paper examines products exempted and excluded
from the 1978 U.S. ban on the use of chlorofluorocar-
bons (CFCs) as aerosol propellants. Consumption of
CFCs still utilized for these products in the U.S.
amounts to about 25.5 million lb (11.6 million kg) per
year. Alternative formulations which may be used to
reduce or eliminate the CFC content of these products
are discussed. It is technically feasible to replace
about 40% of the CFC usage in these products with al-
ternative propellants available today. However, seven
categories of products are identified for which immedi-
ate replacement of all of the CFC content is not techni-
cally feasible. Complete CFC replacement in these
products must await the commercialization of newer
substitute chemicals currently being developed by in-
dustry. Nevertheless, some reformulation is possible in
the interim for some of the seven categories, allowing
reduced CFC usage.
Keywords: 'Chlorohydrocarbons, 'Air pollution abate-
ment, Aerosols, Propellants, Fluorohydrocarbons,
United States, Feasibility, Reprints, 'Environmental
chemical substitutes.
PB90-246331 /HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Verification and Uses of the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency (EPA) Indoor Air Quality Model.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
L. E. Sparks, B. A. Tichenor, M. D. Jackson, and J. B.
White. 1989,20p EPA/600/D-90/052
Presented at IAQ '89 (ASHRAE) held in San Diego,
CA. on April 17-20,1989.
The paper describes a set of experiments used to
verify an indoor air quality (IAQ) model for estimating
the impact of various pollution sources on IAQ in a
multiroom building. The model treats each room as a
well-mixed chamber that contains pollution sources
and sinks. The model allows analysis of the impact of
room-to-room air flows, HVAC (heating, ventilating,
and air-conditioning) systems, and air cleaners on IAQ.
The model is written for personal computers. The ex-
periments were conducted in a test house. Three pol-
lution sources were used: moth crystals, kerosene
heaters, and dry cleaned cloths. The model predic-
tions were in good agreement with the experimental
data, especially when a sink term was included in the
model. The paper gives a brief discussion of the theory
on which the model is based. Preliminary data and
theory of sources and sinks are also discussed. Exam-
ples demonstrating the use of the model to analyze
IAQ options and to estimate exposure from a pollutant
are included.
Keywords: 'Buildings, 'Computerized simulation, "Air
pollution, Sources, Mathematical models, Air flow,
Houses, Experimental design, Field tests, Environ-
mental engineering, Air cleaners, Exposure, Dry clean-
ing, Heating equipment, Mothproofing, Reprints,
'Indoor air pollution, Sinks.
PB90-246349/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Laminar Methane-Air Diffusion Flame with Chlo-
rine Impurities: Preliminary Results.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
S. Venkatesh, K. Saito, J. M. Stencel, P. M. Lemieux,
and R. E. Hall. 1990,9p EPA/600/D-90/061
Presented at the Central States Section meeting held
in Cincinnati, OH. on May 20-22,1990. Prepared in co-
operation with Kentucky Univ., Lexington.
The extended abstract gives preliminary results of ex-
ploratory tests, conducted by adding chlorine to the
fuel side of a well characterized methane-air flame, to
study the fundamental processes accompanying the
combustion of chlorinated hydrocarbons. (NOTE: For-
mation of products of incomplete combustion during
the thermal destruction of chlorinated compounds is of
current interest.) The preliminary observations are
concerned with soot emissions and flame tempera-
ture. The structure of the soot particles is examined
under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The
SEM studies and the temperature measurements are
compared to similar studies on a methane-air diffusion
flame. Results indicate no change in the temperature
field between the methane-air and chlorine/methane-
air diffusion flames. The SEM analyzed soot indicated
the absence of chlorine, although in one case the soot
exhibited a porous structure, possibly due to chlorine
induced attack.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Chlorine, 'Combustion efficiency, * Air pol-
lution control, Chlorohydrocarbons, Methane, Com-
bustion products, Soot, Waste disposal, Chemical
analysis, Temperature measurements, Reprints,
'Fuel-air ratio, 'Diffusion flames, Air pollution defec-
tion, Incineration, Scanning electron microscopy, Diox-
ins, Furans.
PB90-246356/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Recycle and Dieposal Options for CFCs and
Halons.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
D. L, Harmon, and W, X Rhodes. 1990,16p EPA/600/
D-90/050
Presented at the Annual Meeting, Air and Waste Man-
agement Association (83rd), Pittsburgh, PA., June 24-
29,1990.
The paper discusses recycle and disposal options for
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons. These op-
tions will become more important as supplies become
limited in compliance with the Montreal-Protocol, par-
ticularly if these chemicals are completely phased out
by the year 2000, as called for by about 80 nations at
the May 1989 Helsinki meeting. Even with new re-
placement chemicals, recycling will be important be-
cause of the higher cost and global warming that
would result from release of the replacements. Op-
tions for the recovery, recycle, reclamation, and dis-
posal of CFCs and halons need to be understood so
that the most environmentally, technically, and eco-
nomically effective systems can be selected. The op-
tions for recovery, recycle, reclamation, and disposal
of CFCs and halons are reviewed briefly in the paper. A
partial list of manufacturers of recovery/recycle equip-
ment and those doing on- and off-site recovery/recy-
cle/reclamation or planning to start this service in the
near future is included.
Keywords: 'Chlorohydrocarbons. 'Waste disposal,
Fluorohydrocarbons, Equipment, Air pollution abate-
ment, Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Eco-
nomic analysis, Portable equipment, Forecasting,
Greenhouse effect, Reprints, 'Waste recycling, 'Envi-
ronmental chemical substitutes, 'Halons, Waste proc-
essing, Freons.
PB90-248364/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Summary of New Technology Woodetove In-
House Performance. Rept. for Sep 88-Jul 89.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
R. C. McCrillis. 1989,17p EPA/600/D-90/056
Presented at AWMA Annual Meeting (83rd), Pitts-
burgh, PA., June 24-29,1990. Prepared in cooperation
with OMNI Environmental Services, Inc., Beaverton,
OR.
The paper summarizes the in-house performance of
new technology woodstoves. Use of wood as a resi-
dential heating fuel increased markedly in the U.S.
during the 1970s in response to an increase in fossil
fuel costs. Most of the increase represented wood
burned in airtight parlor stoves which are generally op-
erated alr-starvea, leading to low combustion efficien-
cy and the release of substantial quantities of un-
burned organics into the atmosphere. Field studies
over the past several years have quantified emission
rates from new technology stoves designed to signifi-
cantly reduce the quantity of unburned organics re-
leased. The new stoves, employing either catalytic or
noncatalytlc secondary combustion features, are cur-
rently mandated by the U.S. EPA. These studies have
shown that the new technology stoves, while reducing
emissions, do not achieve the emission reduction ex-
pected. Studies during the winter of 1986-89 showed
that emission control was gradually improving, but they
also showed that some stove models were experienc-
ing degraded emission control performance after only
a few months use.
Keywords: 'Stoves, 'Air pollution abatement, 'Com-
bustion efficiency, Combustion products, Design crite-
ria, Organic compounds, Field tests, Space nesting,
Reprints, 'Wood burning appliances, Technology utili-
zation.
PBS0-246372/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Landscape Connectivity: Different Function* at
Different Scales. Symposium paper.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
R. F. Noss. 1990,14p EPA/0OO/D-9O/O79
Presented at the 1990 Symposium 'Landscape Link-
ages and Biological Diversity', Defenders of Wildlife's
55th North American Wildlife and Natural Resource
Conference.
Connectivity is more than corridors, and corridors are
more than linear strips of habitat. Rather, connectivity
involves linkages of habitats, species, communities,
and ecological processes at spatial scales ranging
from fencerows to biomes, and at temporal scales
ranging from daily movements of animals to migrations
of floras and faunas as climate changes over centuries
and millennia. Any piece of land or water may be either
a corridor or a barrier to dispersal, depending on the
life histories of the organisms concerned. Biogeo-
graphers use the term 'filters' to describe areas
through which organisms disperse, because species
that are poor at dispersing through the habitats in-
volved will be selectively removed. Human activity may
either increase connectivity (favoring biological inva-
sions) or decrease connectivity (favoring extinction of
isolated populations). Roads are particularly trouble-
some as barriers, conduits for exotic invasions, and
mortality sinks. A general recommendation for conser-
vation of biological diversity is to maintain landscapes
with high connectivity of natural habitats, but with low
connectivity of artificial habitats such as roadsides,
clearcuts, and agricultural fields. Special attention
should be given to the needs of species that require
broad corridors of habitat with little disturbance by
humans, to minimizing opportunities for spread of
exotic species, and to maintaining corridors at regional
and continental scales to accomodate migration of ail
native species as climate changes.
Keywords: 'Climatic changes, Biogeography, 'Ecolo-
gy, Spatial distribution, Management planning, 'Vege-
tation, Dispersing, Reprints, 'Habitats, 'Environmental
effects, 'Conservation law, 'Biocompatibility, Species
diversity, Temporal distribution, 'Natural resources
management, Biological evolution, Basic interactions,
Landscape.
PB90-246380/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Ufe Cycle Bloasaey for Assessment of the Ef-
fects of Toxic Chemicals Using Rapid Cycling
'Brassies'. Symposium paper.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
R. A. Shimabuku, H. C. Ratsch, C. M. Wise, J. U.
Nwosu, and L. A. Kapustka. 1990,28p EPA/600/D-
90/078
Prepared in cooperation with NSI Technology Services
Corp., Corvallis, OR.
Initial evaluation of a new plant life cycle bioassay for
the assessment of the effects of toxic chemicals is
presented. The bioassay features a rapid cycling Bras-
sica species that can complete its life cycle in as little
as 36 days. The herbicide dalapon (2,2-dichloropro-
plonic acid) was used as the test substance to develop
the bioassay. Plants were exposed to nine levels of da-
lapon solution in a 0.5x geometric series ranging from
0 to 200 ppm (mg/L) in separate postemergence and
preemergence application experiments. Harvest bio-
mass was generally reduced by concentrations as low
as 12.5 ppm. Similarly, foliar height was reduced at
concentrations as low as 25 ppm. Stem diameter was
reduced at concentrations above 50 ppm. Although
fertile silique counts were quite variable, no siliques
were formed at dosages greater than 12.5 and 50 ppm
for postemergence and preemergence treatments re-
spectively. Mortality occurred only with the 200 ppm
preemergence treatment.
Keywords: 'Life cycles, 'Herbicides, 'Plants(Botany),
Bioassay, Reproduction(Biology), Stems(Botany),
Leaves(Botany), 'Toxic substances, 'Brassica, 'Dala-
pon.
PB90-246398/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Confidence Intervals and Curvature Measures in
Nonlinear Regression Using the IML and NUN
Procedures in SAS (Trade Name) Software. Sym-
posium paper.
NSI Technology Services Corp., Corvallis, OR.
O. L. Kugler, and E. H. Lee. 1990,8p EPA/600/D-90/
077
Proceedings of 'SAS (Trade Name) Users Group Inter-
national Conference', Nashville, TN., April 1-4, 1990.
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
Interval estimates for nonlinear parameters using the
linear approximation are sensitive to parameter curva-
ture effects. The adequacy of the linear approximation
(Wald) interval is determined using the nonlinearity
measures of Bates and Watts (1980), and Clarke
(1987b), and the profile t plots of Bates and Watts
(1988). These curvature measures and profile t plot
calculations are implemented using the SAS/IML and
SAS/NLIN procedures.
Keywords: 'Regression analysis, Confidence limits,
Computer programs, Reprints, Nonlinear analysis,
Wald intervals.
PB90-246406/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Ecological Considerations Related to the Release
of Genetically Engineered Microorganisms to the
Environment. Symposium paper.
New York Univ., NY. Dept. of Biology.
G. Stotzky. 1990, 23p EPA/600/D-90/076
Proceedings of Conference on 'Trends in Biotechnol-
ogy,' Stockholm, Sweden, March 11-14, 1990. Spon-
sored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
The results of the studies show that Genetically Engi-
neered Microorganisms (GEM) have the potential to
survive, to transfer their novel genetic information, and
to affect some microbe-mediated ecological process-
es in soil. The magnitude of these phenomena in soil in
situ, however, is not known and can not be accurately
predicted from studies in these simple microcosms.
Moreover, some of these studies were conducted with
bacteria that are not normal inhabitants of soil, with in-
nocuous novel genes, and with the addition of appro-
priate recipients. Consequently, more studies need to
be conducted with more realistic GEMs in larger micro-
cosms and, eventually, in the field. Until then, the re-
sults of these studies should be viewed as beinjg only
qualitative indicators of the potential of GEMs in one
natural habitat
Keywords: 'Soil microbiology, 'Ecology, Deoxyribonu-
cleic acids, Biodeterioration, Bacteriophages, Re-
prints, 'Genetic engineering, Transfection, Biotechnol-
ogy, Health hazards, Genetic transformation, Cell sur-
vival.
PB90-246414/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Regional and Local Vegetation Patterns: The Re-
sponses of Vegetation to Subcontinental Air
Masses.
NSI Technology Services Corp., Corvallis, OR.
R. P. Neilson, G. A. King, R. L. DeVelice, and J. M.
Lenihan. Mar 90,31 p EPA/600/D-90/075
Contract EPA-68-C8-0006
Prepared in cooperation with Oregon State Univ., Cor-
vallis. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research
Lab., OR.
Spatial patterns of biodiversity in plants were exam-
ined through a range of scales from continental and
biome to patterns of local habitat variation. The au-
thors propose a hierarchy of constraints on these pat-
terns. Large-scale climate is proposed to structure
continental patterns of species richness and the diver-
sity and distribution of physiognomic types in the form
of biomes. Within biomes regional climatic gradients
modulate the length scales ofnabitats and, hence, the
amount of substrate variation within a grain that is 'per-
ceived' by an organism as homogeneous. Most re-
source variation in the core of biomes is within a given
species' range of tolerance and large areas of the
landscape are 'perceived' as essentially homogene-
ous. As one moves toward ecotones, the convergence
of regional climatic stresses constrains the suitability
of habitats to smaller scale variations in substrate and
topography. Thus, the size of habitat grain declines,
while the diversity of habitat grains increases toward
biome ecotones. Biotic interactions form a third level
of constraint, operating at yet a smaller spatial scale,
to further modify local species associations. The re-
gional gradients in habitat size and variability provide
explanatory power of observed patterns in biodiversity
and provide a monitoring tool for climate-induced
changes in ecotones.
Keywords: 'Vegetation, 'Air masses, 'Climatic
changes, Biogeography, Ecology, Spatial distribution,
Time series analysis, Weather, Greenhouse effect,
Abundance, Atmospheric disturbances, Topography,
Reprints, 'Biomes, 'Species diversity, Global aspects,
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
'Habitats, Regional analysis, Biological effects, Air
pollution effects(Ptants), Natural resources manage-
ment.
PB90-246422/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Soil Reaction and Acidic Deposition.
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Dept. of Agronomy.
J. O. Reuss, and P. M. Walthall. 1990,36p EPA/600/
D-90/073
Pub. in Acidic Precipitation - Soils, Aquatic Processes,
and Lake Acidification, v4 p2-33 1988. Sponsored by
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
The chapter discusses the major chemical processes
by which acidic deposition interacts with soils. The
focus is on forest soils, as the effects of acidic deposi-
tion on soils used for production of food and fiber are
generally small compared to effects of agricultural
practices such as nitrogen fertilizer applications and
liming. Buffering mechanisms considered include alu-
minum buffering, silicate mineral buffering, cation ex-
change, organic buffering, and the effect of anion im-
mobilization processes such as nitrate uptake and sul-
fate adsorption. The effects of acidic inputs on capac-
ity factors such as exchange acidity, exchangeable
base content, and sulfate adsorption capacity are con-
sidered, as are related natural processes such as
acidification due to accumulation of bases in biomass.
Particular attention is paid to intensity effects, such as
the effect of increased concentration of anions associ-
ated with strong acids on the chemical composition of
the soil solution, as they are likely to be highly nonlin-
ear with respect to the capacity factors. These include
pH, aluminum mobilization, and loss of alkalinity in the
soil solution, which in turn may result in acidification of
drainage waters.
Keywords: "Acification, 'Soils, 'Chemical reactions,
Ion exchanging, Buffers(Chemistry), Deposition, Agri-
culture, Nitrogen, Fertilizers, Calcium oxides, Sulfates,
Adsorption, Anions, Concentration(Composition), Alu-
minum hydroxides, Field tests, Weathering, Acid pre-
cipitation.
PB90-246430/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Brown Tide Bloassay: Growth of 'Aureococcus
Anophagefferens' Hargraves Et Sleburth in Vari-
ous Known Toxicants.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
R. L. Steele, L. C. Wright, G. A. Tracey, and G. B.
Thursby. 1990,13p EPA/600/D-90/067, ERLN-976
Pub. in Novel Phytoplankton Blooms, Coastal and Es-
tuarine Studies, v1 p253-264 1988. Prepared in coop-
eration with Science Applications International Corp.,
Narragansett, Rl.
This alga, occurring in Narragansett Bay, was respon-
sible for wide-spread mortalities of populations of mus-
sels and other shellfish. It also was responsible for die-
on of strands of the seagrass Zostera marina on Long
Island in Great South Bay and Peconic Bay. It is a
small, 2.0 to 3.0 (occasionally 5.0 to 8.0) nonflagellat-
ed, pale gold colored, spherical cell. It is difficult to dis-
tinguish this alga from other picoplankters in a mixed
collection under a light microscope, but in electron mi-
crographs it is characterized by an abundant and loose
extra-cellular polysaccharide-like material.
Keywords: 'Algae, "Ecology, 'Phytoplankton, "Rank-
ton blooms, Iron, Copper, Bioassay, Growth(Biology),
Mussels, Silver, Marine biology, Reprints, "Aureococ-
cus anophagefferens, "Water pollution
effects(anlmals), 'Algal blooms, Toxic substances,
Sea grasses, Zostera marina.
PB90-246448/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Testing and Application of Biomonitoring Meth-
ods for Assessing Environmental Effects of Nox-
ious Algal Blooms.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
G. A. Tracey, R. L. Steele, J. Garzke, D. K. Phelps, and
R. Nuzzi. 1990,19p ERLN-985, EPA/600/D-90/066
Pub. in Coastal and Estuarine Studies; Novel Phyto-
plankton Blooms, P557-574 1989. Prepared in coop-
eration with Science Applications International Corp.,
Narragansett, Rl., Suffolk County Dept. of Health Serv-
ices, Hauppauge, NY., and Woods Hole Oceanograph-
ic Institution, MA.
A major goal of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency's Biomonitoring research program is to
produce test methods to assess environmental effects
1642 Vol. 90, No. 24
of anthropogenic activities in marine waters. In support
of EPA Region II involvement in the 'Brown Tide Com-
prehensive Assessment and Management Program,'
EPA is evaluating biomonitoring methods for applica-
tion in marine waters having a history of noxious algal
blooms. Activities associated with two methods are in
their initial development phases. A third activity in-
volves the use of an established biomonitoring method
in the Peconic Bays system of Long Island, New York.
This area has had repeated 'brown tide' bloom events
since 1985, with devastating impacts on shellfish and
eelgrass populations.
Keywords: "Algae, 'Plankton blooms, "Phytoplankton,
Mussels, Temperature, Salinity, Seasonal variations,
Bioassay, Marine biology, Reprints, 'Environmental
monitoring, 'Algal blooms, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Mytilus edulis, Aureococcus, Popula-
tion dynamics, Aquatic ecosystems.
PB90-246455/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Quality Assurance Aspects of the Joint USA -
Canada North American Sugar Maple Decline
Project.
NSI Technology Services Corp., Radnor, Pa.
W. G. Burkman, I. Millers, and D. Lachance. 1990,17p
EPA/600/D-90/083
Presented at Ecological Quality Assurance Workshop
(3rd), Burlington, Ontario, April 24-26, 1990. Prepared
in cooperation with Northeastern Forest Experiment
Station, Durham, NH., and Centre de Forestier des
Laurentides, Sainte-Foy, (Quebec). Sponsored by Cor-
vallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
The North American Sugar Maple Decline Project was
implemented in 1988 in response to concerns about
the condition of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.)
in the United States and Canada. Data collection for
the project involved at least 15 federal, state, and pro-
vincial crews from seven states and four provinces.
The response measurements included four subjective
measurements of tree crown conditions: branch die-
back, foliage transparency, foliage discoloration, and
dwarfed foliage. The results from the project show that
quality assurance activities can quantify the quality of
data for subjective measurements. In addition, quality
assurance procedures can improve data quality over
time.
Keywords: 'Research projects, 'Maple trees,
"Growth, "United States, "Canada, Quality assurance,
Measurement, Losses, Leaves(Botany), Discoloration,
'Acer saccharum, Sugar maple trees, Joint ventures.
PB90-246463/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Time Project: A Case Study.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
A. K. Pollack, and J. Ford. 1990,21p EPA/600/D-90/
082
Prepared in cooperation with Systems Applications,
Inc., San Rafael, CA.
The chapter describes the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency's (EPA's) monitoring project to assess the
effects of changes in acidic deposition on surface
waters of the United States. This project is referred to
as TIME (Temporally Integrated Monitoring of Ecosys-
tems). The TIME Project has been in the conceptual
and design stage during the period 1987-1989. The
planning period has allowed careful attention to many
aspects of network design not usually covered prior to
field implementation. The network design issues dis-
cussed in the paper are addressed within the context
of the need for a policy-relevant, cost-effective nation-
al monitoring network to assess the effects of changes
in atmospheric deposition of specific pollutants (sul-
fate and nitrate) on specific and well-defined target re-
sources (U.S. surface waters of low acid-neutralizing
capacity (ANC)).
Keywords: 'Surface waters, 'Acidification, Air water
interactions, Deposition, Sulfates, Inorganic nitrates,
Neutralizing, pH, United States, Trends, Forecasting,
'Temporally Integrated Monitoring of Ecosystems,
'Water pollution sampling, 'Environmental monitoring.
Acid rain, Case studies, Dry methods, Wet methods,
Environmental impact assessments.
PB90-246471 /HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Tissue Culture as a Method for Evaluating the Bio-
transformation of Xenobiotlcs by Plants. Symposi-
um paper.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
C. Wickliff, and J. S. Fletcher. 1990,18p EPA/600/D-
90/081
Symposium on 'Use of Plants for Toxicity Assess-
ment,' ASTM (American Society for Testing and Mate-
rials), San Francisco, CA., April 23-24,1990. Prepared
in cooperation with Oklahoma Univ., Norman.
Suspension cultures of Rosa cv. Paul's scarlet were
used as a model system to examine the metabolism of
1,3-dinitrobenzene (DNB), an industrial waste com-
pound. In a three-day period, 90% of the DNB supplied
(96 nmoles) was metabolized by approximately 12
grams (fresh weight) of cells. The primary end product
of DNB metabolism partitioned into the insoluble resi-
due fraction of the extracted cells. The study demon-
strates the usefulness of plant tissue cultures in evalu-
ating the chemical influence of plants on xenobiotics.
Keywords: 'Plants(Botany), Cells(Biology), Metabo-
lism, Growth(Biology), Reprints, 'Xenobiotics, 'Bio-
transformation, 'Tissue culture, Dinitrobenzenes, En-
vironmental pollutants.
PB90-246489/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Short-Term Bioassay for Whole Plant Toxicity.
Symposium paper.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
T. Pfleeger, C. Mc Farlane, R. Sherman, and G. Volk
1990,22p EPA/600/D-90/080
Presented at Symposium: 'Use of Plants for Toxicity
Assessment', San Francisco, CA., April 23-24,1990.
A five day, whole plant toxicity test was developed and
evaluated. The eighteen chemicals tested were pri-
marily substituted benzenes and phenols, although
representative herbicides, surfactants, and other in-
dustrial chemicals were also tested. The test yields in-
formation on root and shoot growth as a function of
toxic chemical concentration in the root environment
and can also be used to determine effect on transpira-
tion. The measurement found to be the most sensitive
indicator of toxicity was total plant growth. EC50
values were estimated for each compound using re-
gression analysis. The simple bioassay gives a quick
response to an acute exposure and can be used to
screen chemicals at various concentrations.
Keywords: 'Barley plants, 'Soybean plants, 'Toxicity,
'Benzene, Tests, Phenols, Herbicides, Surfactants
Bioassay, Experimental data, Germination!
Concentration(Composition), Exposure, Measure-
ment, Estimates, Hydroponics, Plant physiology, Re-
gression analysis, Metabolism, Chromatographic anal-
ysis, Chemicals, 'Glycine max, 'Hordeum vulgre
Roots.
PB90-246513/HSU	PC A13/MF A02
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
Direct/Delayed Response Project: Quality Assur-
ance Report for Physical and Chemical Analyses
of Soils from the Southern Blue Ridge Province of
the United States.
Lockheed Engineering and Sciences Co., Inc., Las
Vegas, NV.
R. D. Van Remortel, G. E. Byers, J. E. Teberg, M. J
Miah, and M. L. Papp. Sep 88,276p EPA/600/8-88/
100
See also PB90-204710. Prepared in cooperation with
Nevada Univ., Las Vegas. Environmental Research
Center, and NSI Technology Services Corp., Corvallis
OR. Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
The Direct/Delayed Response Project is designed to
address the concern over potential acidification of sur-
face waters by atmospheric sulfur deposition within the
United States. The Southern Blue Ridge Province Soil
Survey was conducted during the summer of 1986 as a
synoptic physical and chemical survey to characterize
watersheds located in a region of the United States be-
lieved to be susceptible to the effects of acidic deposi-
tion. The document addresses the quality assurance
program and its implementation in the assessment of
the verified analytical data base for the Southern Blue
Ridge Province Soil Survey. Data quality is assessed
by describing the detectability, precision, accuracy (in-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
pleteness, and comparability of the data for the quality
assurance samples used throughout the soil survey.
The fifty-one parameters in the data base are segre-
gated into nine groups for ease in discussion.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Surface waters, 'Soil sur-
veys, 'Soil analysis, Deposition, Quality assurance,
Watersheds, Carbon dioxide, Particle size, Cation ex-
changing, Sampling, Accuracy, Laboratories, Auditing,
Comparison, Standard deviation, Detection, 'Direct/
Delayed Response Project, 'Southern Blue Ridge
Province.
PB90-246521/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
Environmental Regulations and Technology: The
National Pretreatment Program. Final rept.
Eastern Research Group, Inc., Arlington, MA.
D. Meyers, D. French, F. Lowenstein, J. Connery, and
B. Lobel. Jul 86,33p EPA/625/10-86/005
See also PB88-186754. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Center for Environ-
mental Research Information.
Households, commercial establishments, and indus-
tries discharge wastewater into the sanitary sewer sys-
tems that lead to publicly owned treatment works
(POTWs). Industrial wastewaters are often contami-
nated by a variety of toxic and otherwise harmful sub-
stances. Because sewers and treatment systems have
not been designed to treat these industrial wastes,
they can damage the sewers; interfere with the proper
operation of the treatment plants; pass through the
treatment plants untreated, resulting in contamination
of local water bodies; and increase the cost and envi-
ronmental risks of sludge disposal. Industrial facilities,
using proven pollution control technologies, can
remove pollutants from their wastewaters before dis-
charging them into municipal sewage treatment sys-
tems. This practice is known as 'pretreatment'. The
National Pretreatment Program, a cooperative effort of
federal, state, and local officials, is Implementing the
practice on a nationwide basis. The document explains
the need tor the National Pretreatment Program; de-
scribes federal, state and local roles in the program's
implementation; and explores the program's future.
Keywords: 'Damage, 'Sanitary sewers, 'Industrial
wastes, 'Sewage treatment, 'Water pollution, Corro-
sion, Toxicity, Rivers, Industrial plants, Waste disposal,
Sewer pipes, Regulations, National government, State
government, Sludge, Contamination, Cost effective-
ness, 'National Pretreatment program, 'Sewage treat-
ment plants, Discharge(Water).
PB90-246539/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Operation of Water Distribution Systems to Im-
prove Water Quality.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research Div.
R. M. Males, R. M. Clark, W. M. Grayman, and J. A.
Ccyle. Jul 90,99p EPA/600/2-90/030
Prepared in cooperation with RMM Technical Serv-
ices. Inc., Cincinnati, OH., Grayman (Walter M.), Con-
cinnati, OH., and North Penn Water Authority, Lans-
dale, PA.
The quality of drinking water can change between the
discharge from the treatment plant and the point of
consumption. In order to study these changes in a sys-
tematic manner a Cooperative Agreement was initiat-
ed between EPA's Drinking Water Research Division
and the North Penn Water Authority in Lanadale,
Pennsylvania. Contaminant propagation models were
developed and field tested. Two automatic water sam-
plers for Volatile Organic Chemicals were evaluated.
Major findings were tnat temporal and spatial variation
of water quality in the North Penn Water Authority dis-
tribution system were found to be much greater than
expected. Steady-state models can be used to predict
water quality variations in a distribution system but dy-
namic models can provide much more insight into
system behavior. System hydraulics plays a very im-
portant role in water quality variations.
Keywords: 'Water distribution, 'Water quality, Water
treatment, Water supply, Hydraulics, Water pipelines,
Samplers, Water wells.
PB90-246653/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
State of the Chesapeake Bay: Second Annual
Monitoring Report, 1984-1985.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
B. G. Bandler, E. C. Krome, and C. L. Leger. Apr 87,
30p*
See also PB87-205175.
A summary of data collected from June 1984 through
September 1985 at more than 165 stations of the
newly initiated Chesapeake Bay monitoring program.
The report focuses first on physical-chemical charac-
teristics: flows, salinity, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll
a, nutrients, sediments, and toxics. Another section
covers living resources, ranging from plankton through
submerged aquatic vegetation to finfish and shellfish.
A centerfold map describes the monitoring program
and shows station locations.
Keywords: 'Marine biology, 'Water quality manage-
ment, 'Chesapeake Bay, Monitoring, Sediments,
Plankton, Stream flow, Circulation, Organic com-
pounds, Nutrients, Oxygen, Chlorophylls, Chemical
analysis, Shellfish, Marine fishes, Harvesting, Abun-
dance, Pautuxent River.
PB90-247180/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Workshop on Monitoring the Effects of IIV-B Ra-
diation. Held In Washington, D.C. on June 21-23,
1989.
Science and Policy Associates, Inc., Washington, DC.
K. Smythe. Jul 90,57p EPA/600/9-90/025
Contract EPA-68-03-3439
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
The report describes the results of a workshop spon-
sored by EPA to address the issue of UV-B monitoring.
Various Federal agencies, private organizations, and
university representatives participated in a three-day
workshop that addressed issues related to status and
trends monitoring, monitoring to support aquatic re-
search, monitoring to support agricultural research,
and monitoring to support health effects research.
General conclusions were that UV-B monitoring was
required in order to adequately conduct research de-
scribed above. Improvement of calibration procedures
and equipment was mandatory. Sampling (scanning)
times for research purposes should be from one-half
to one hour. General improvements in measurement
systems, including ancillary measurements, was
needed. Close coordination between all organizations
conducting UV-B research should be encouraged.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Radiation effects, 'Solar ultra-
violet radiation, Radiation dosage, Radiation monitors,
Calibrating, Public health, Exposure, Forecasting, Re-
search projects, Skin cancer, Recommendations,
Trends, Performance evaluation, Data processing, Ep-
idemiology, 'Environmental monitoring, Forests, Bio-
logical effects, Aquatic ecosystems. Terrestrial eco-
systems.
PB90-247198/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment L&b
Application Guide for Measurement of PM2.5 at
Stationary Sources.
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
S. S. Dawes, and W. E. Farthing. Jul 90,106p EPA/
600/3-90/057
Contract EPA-68-02-4442
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
The manual presents two options which allow determi-
nation of stationary source PM2.5 to be measured in
conjunction with PM10 and it can be measured as
PM2.5 only. When determining both PM2.5 and PM10,
either the Constant Sampling Rate (CSR) procedures
or the Exhaust Gas Recycle (EGR) sampling system
can be used. When PM2.5 is the only size fraction of
interest the CSR procedures are selected. The appli-
cation guide should be used as a companion to the ap-
plication guides for CSR and EGR. Stack gas is sam-
pled at multiple points using an in-stack inertia) sam-
pler with a constant flow rate. For PM2.5 measure-
ments only, the maximum allowable error due to aniso-
kinetic sampling is + or -10% for 2.5 micrometer parti-
cles. The range of duct velocities permitted for a
nozzle with this maximum allowable error is broad
enough that rarely is it necessary to break a traverse
into subtraverses with different sampling nozzles. The
sampling device described in the manual is Cyclone IV
of the SRI/EPA five-stack series cyclone. This device
provides a 2.5 micrometer size cut at a flow rate of ap-
proximately 0.36 dscfm; the precise flow rate depends
on local stack conditions. These procedures specify
the precise flow rate for PM2.5 separately and PM10
when the described cyclone particle sizers are used.
Keywords: "Guidelines, 'Particles, Manuals, Combus-
tion products, Particle size, Continuous sampling,
Sites, Concentration(Composition), Design criteria.
Performance evaluation, Flow rate, Centrifuges, Nu-
merical analysis, Data processing, 'Stationary
sources, 'Air pollution sampling, Air samplers, Stacks.
PB90-247339/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Inst., Cambridge, MA.
Nitrogen Dioxide and Respiratory Infection: Pilot
Inveatlgatlons. Research rept. Jan 84-Sep 87.
New Mexico Univ., Albuquerque. School of Medicine.
J. M. Samet, and J. D. Spengler. cSep 89,48p HEI/
RR-89/28
Prepared in cooperation with Harvard School of Public
Health, Boston, MA. Sponsored by Health Effects
Inst., Cambridge, MA.
A longitudinal study has been designed of infants to
determine if NO(sub 2) exposure from cooking stoves
increases the incidence or severity of respiratory infec-
tions during the first 18 months of life. Results of pilot
investigations for the longitudinal study, conducted
from 1984-1986, are reported here. In the first study,
147 families of infants were recruited at two Albuquer-
que hospitals, and their homes were monitored for
NO(sub 2) using a passive sampling tube. Higher
levels of NO(sub 2) were found in homes with gas
stoves than in homes with electric stoves. A sample of
the homes showed that personal exposures of the in-
fants could be estimated by room concentrations and
mothers would complete a daily calendar-diary on res-
piratory symptoms and provide information every two
weeks on illnesses occurring. In the second pilot
study, we recruited 75 infants and followed them for
four months. The illness surveillance system was com-
pared with the clinical assessments by the nurse prac-
titioner and the subjects' physicians, and with viral cul-
tures.
Keywords: 'Nitrogen dioxide, Houses, Stoves, Gas ap-
pliances, Infants, Exposure, Cultures(Biology), 'Respi-
ratory tract infections, 'Indoor air pollution, 'Air pollu-
tion effects(Humans), Health hazards.
PB90-247347/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Health Effects Inst., Cambridge, MA.
Influence of Experimental Pulmonary Emphysema
on Toxicologlcal Effects from Inhaled Nitrogen
Dioxide and Diesel Exhaust Research rept. Jan 84-
Sep 87.
Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research
Inst., Albuquerque, NM.
J. L. Mauderly, D. E. Bice, Y. S. Cheng, N. A. Gillett,
and R. F. Henderson. cFeb 90,61 p HEI/RR-89/30
Prepared in cooperation with Harvard School of Public
Health, Boston, MA. Sponsored by Health Effects
Inst., Cambridge, MA.
The hypothesis tested in the project was that rats with
preexisting experimentally-induced pulmonary emphy-
sema were more susceptible than rats with normal
lungs to the adverse effects of exposure to NO(sub 2)
or diesel exhaust. Rats were exposed by inhalation
seven hr/day, five day/wk, for 24 months to NO(sub 2)
at 9.5 ppm, or to diesel exhaust at 3.5 mg soot/cu m,
or to clean air. Pulmonary emphysema was induced in
one-half of the rats by intratracheal instillation of elas-
tase, six weeks before exposures. Nonneoplastic end-
points were evaluated after 12,18, and 24 months of
exposure. Nitrogen dioxide exposure of normal rats
caused mild epithelial hyperplasia and inflammation in
proximal alveoli. Significant interactions between the
influences of emphysema and nitrogen dioxide were
demonstrated to be additive for four parameters (out of
61 parameters). Diesel-exhaust exposure of normal
rats caused progressive, focal inflammation, and epith-
elial proliferation. The final soot lung burden was only
one-third of that in nonemphysematous lungs.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Nitrogen dioxide, "Diesel engines, 'Ex-
haust emissions, 'Toxicology, 'Pulmonary emphyse-
ma, Exposure, Inhalation, Rats, Hyperplasia, Lung,
'Air pollution effects(Animals), Pulmonary alveoli, Dis-
ease susceptibility.
PB90-247453/HSU	PC A09/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC,
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Evaluation of Strategies for Promoting Effective
Radon Mitigation. Risk Communication and Eco-
nomic Research Series. Final rept.
Colorado Univ. at Boulder.
J. K. Doyle, G. H. McClelland, W. D. Schulze, P. A.
Locke, and S. R. Elliott. Mar 90,193p EPA/230/02-
90/075
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Law Inst.,
Washington, DC. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Policy, Plan-
ning and Evaluation.
The Environmental Protection Agency has estimated
that as many as 20,000 lung cancer deaths per year in
the United States can be attributed to exposure to
radon gas. The report evaluates alternative strategies
for motivating people to test for radon gas in their
homes and to mitigate if necessary. Specifically, two
separate radon information and awareness programs
were evaluated, one targeted to the general population
in the Washington, D.C. area and the other to home
buyers in the Boulder, Colorado area. The results sug-
gest that a home buyer program is likely to be far more
effective in terms of effective remediation to reduce
home radon levels than a program aimed at the gener-
al population. The report discusses the empirical find-
ings and develops a recommendation for increasing
the effectiveness of radon awareness and mitigation
programs.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Risk, 'Publicity, 'Air pollution,
Tests, Residential buildings, Sales, Recommenda-
tions, Perception, Real estate, Legislation, Mass com-
munication, Sampling, Interviews, Evaluation, 'indoor
air pollution, 'Public awareness, Case studies.
PB90-247479/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
implementation Plan for Removing Impediments
to Migratory Fishes in the Chesapeake Bay Water-
•P'* Commitment Implementation Plan from
the Chesapeake Executive Council. Annual
progress rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Dec 89,47p
The study is a plan developed by the Fish Passage
Workgroup of the Chesapeake Bay Program Living
Resources Subcommittee to carry out the Strategy for
Removing Impediments to Migratory Fishes in the
Chesapeake Bay Watershed. Presented in tabular
form, the plan identifies necessary actions, responsi-
ble agencies, and schedules. An estimates of re-
sources needed through 1992 is included. Section II
contains progress reports of Bay basin jurisdictions for
1989.
Keywords: 'Fishways, 'Animal migrations, "Chesa-
peake Bay, Project planning, Government agencies,
Estimates, Dams, Technical assistance, Operations,
Protection, Agreements, Maintenance, Financing,
Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, Jurisdiction.
PB90-247487/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Distillation Operations in Synthetic Organic
Chemical Manufacturing Industry. Background in-
formation for Promulgated Standards. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jun 90,136p EPA/450/3-83/005B
See also PB84-214006.
Standards of performance for the control of volatile or-
ganic compound (VOC) emissions from distillation unit
operations in the synthetic organic chemical manufac-
turing industry are being promulgated under Section
111 of the Clean Air Act. These standards will apply to
VOC emissions from newly constructed, modified, and
reconstructed distillation units. The document summa-
rizes the responses to public comments received on
the proposed standards and the basis for changes
made since proposal.
1644 Vol. 90, No. 24
Keywords:	'Distillation	equipment,
*Condensers(Process engineering), 'Air pollution con-
trol, Chemical industry, Standards, Operations, Vents,
Performance evaluation, Measurement, Flow rate,
Photochemical reactions, Manufacturing, Cost effec-
tiveness, 'Volatile organic compounds.
PB90-247495/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Air Oxidation Processes in Synthetic Organic
Chemical Manufacturing Industry: Background In-
formation for Promulgated Standards. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jun 90,80p EPA/450/3-82/001 B
See also PB84-114834.
Standards of performance for the control of volatile or-
ganic compound (VOC) emissions from air oxidation
processes in the synthetic organic chemical manufac-
turing industry are being promulgated under Section
111 of the Clean Air Act. These standards will apply to
VOC emissions from newly constructed, modified, and
reconstructed air oxidation processes. The document
summarizes the responses to public comments re-
ceived on the proposed standards and the basis for
changes made since proposal.
Keywords: 'Chemical industry, 'Organic compounds,
'Oxidation, 'Air pollution control, 'Environmental
impact statements - Final, Standards, Industrial
wastes, Combustion products, Revisions, Substitutes,
Monitoring, Cost analysis, Economic impact, Evalua-
tion, Public opinion, Cost estimates, Clean Air Act as
amended, "Volatile organic compounds.
PB90-247628/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,
Atlanta, GA.
Toxlcologlcal Profile for Tetrachloroethylene.
Final rept.
Syracuse Research Corp., NY.
Jan 90,119p ATSDR/TP-88/22
Contract EPA-68-C8-0004
Sponsored by Agency for Toxic Substances and Dis-
ease Registry, Atlanta, GA., and Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Washington, DC.
The ATSDR Toxicological Profile for Tetrachloroethy-
lene is intended to characterize succinctly the toxico-
logical and health effects information for the sub-
stance. It identifies and reviews the key literature that
describes the substance's toxicological properties.
Other literature is presented but described in less
detail. The profile is not intended to be an exhaustive
document; however, more comprehensive sources of
specialty information are referenced. The profile
begins with a public health statement which describes
in nontechnical language the substance's relevant tox-
icological properties. Following the statement is mate-
rial that presents levels of significant human exposure
and, where known, significant health effects. The ade-
quacy of information to determine the substance's
health effects is described. Research gaps in nontoxic
and health effects information are described. Re-
search gaps that are of significance to the protection
of public health will be identified in a separate effort.
The focus of the document is on health and toxicologi-
cal information.
Keywords: "Tetrachloroethylene, 'Toxicology, Manu-
facturing, Air pollution, Water pollution,
Reproduction(Biology). Respiration, Skin(Anatomy),
Lethal dosage, Humans, Environmental exposure
pathways, Soil contamination, Carcinogenicity tests,
Pharmacokinetics, Teratogens, Mutagenicity tests, En-
vironmental monitoring.
PB90-247651/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry,
Atlanta, GA.
Toxicological Profile for Benzo(b)Fluoranthene.
Final rept.
ICF-Clement, Washington, DC.
Mar 90, 76p ATSDR/TP-88/06
Contract EPA-68-02-4235
Sponsored by Agency for Toxic Substances and Dis-
ease Registry, Atlanta, GA., and Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Washington, DC.
The Toxicological Profile for Benzo(b)fluoranthene is
intended to characterize the toxicological and health
effects information for the substance. It identifies and
reviews the key literature that describes the sub-
stance's toxicological properties. Other literature is
presented but described in less detail. The profile
begins with a public health statement, which describes
in nontechnical language the substance's relevant tox-
icological properties. Following the statement is mate-
rial that presents levels of significant human exposure
and, where known, significant health effects.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Toxicity, 'Public
health, Profiles, Humans, Laboratory animals, Inhala-
tion, Air pollution, Smoke, Digestive system, Carcino-
gens. Workers, Coal tar. Risk, Incinerators, Regula-
tions, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, 'Superfund,
'Benzofluoranthene, Exposure levels.
PB90-247669/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
Atlanta, GA.
Toxicological Profile for Benz(a)Anthracene. Final
rept.
ICF-Clement, Washington, DC.
Mar 90,88p ATSDR/T P-88/04
Contract EPA-68-02-4235
Sponsored by Agency for T oxic Substances and Dis-
ease Registry, Atlanta, GA., and Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Washington, DC.
The Toxicological Profile for Benzo(a)anthracene is in-
tended to characterize succinctly the toxicological and
health effects Information for the substance. It identi-
fies and reviews the key literature that describes the
substance's toxicological properties. Other literature is
presented but described in less detail. The profile is
not intended to be an exhaustive document: however,
more comprehensive sources of specialty information
are referenced. The profile begins with a public health
statement, which describes in nontechnical language
the substance's relevant toxicological properties. Fol-
lowing the statement is material that presents levels of
significant human exposure and, where known, signifi-
cant health effects.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Toxicity, 'Public
health, Benzanthracenes, Profiles, Humans, Chroma-
tographic analysis, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons
Laboratory animals, Inhalation, Smoke, Body fluids'
Tissues(Biology), Carcinogens, Bioassay, Genetics!
Coal tar, Industries, 'Superfund, 'Exposure levels.
PB90-248600/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Perspectives on the Chesapeake Bay, 1990: Ad-
vances in Estuarlne Sciences.
Chesapeake Research Consortium, Inc.. Gloucester
Point, VA.
M. Haire, and E. C. Krome. Apr 90.104p CBP/TRS-
41/90
See also PB90-233941. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD. Chesapeake Bav
Program.	'
Contents: Chapter(l) Coastal Ecosystem Models and
the Chesapeake Bay Program: Philosophy, Back-
ground, and Status; Chapter(2) The Functional Role of
Estuarine Benthos; Chapter(3) Role of Best Manage-
ment Practices in Restoring the Health of the Chesa-
Beake Bay: Assessments of Effectiveness; Chapter(4)
eveloping an Ecological Risk Assessment Strategy
for the Chesapeake Bay.
Keywords: 'Estuaries, 'Research projects, 'Water
quality management, 'Chesapeake Bay, Benthos
Ecology, Food chains, Marine fishes, Shellfish Phyto^
plankton, Nutrients, Runoff, Water pollution control
Mathematical models, Monitoring, Streams, 'Habitats'
Best Management Practices, Nonpoint sources.
PB90-249434/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
OSWER-Superfund Telephone Directory. Directive
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Apr 90,36p EPA/9200.0-03A
The document serves as a telephone directory of Su-
perfund Headquarters and regional contacts. The di-
rectory is published on a semi-annual basis.
Keywords: 'Regulations, 'Superfund, 'Telephone di-
rectories, "EPA regions, 'Office of Solid Waste and
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-249442/HSU	PC A21 /MF A03
Progress Toward Implementing Superfund. Fiscal
Year 1988. Report to the Congress.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Apr 90,479p EPA/540/8-90/004
See also PB89-233548.
The EPA's Annual Report includes the progress made
by the Agency during Fiscal Year 1988 in implements
CERCLA (or Superfund), as amended by the Super-
fund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) of
1986. The report provides an overall perspective on
progress in 1988, and, in addition, also contains infor-
mation that Congress specifically requested, including
a detailed description of each of the 152 Records of
Decision (RODs) that were signed in fiscal year 1988;
a report on the status of remedial actions, including en-
forcement activity, in progress at the end of the fiscal
year; and an evaluation of newly developed feasible
and achievable permanent treatment technologies.
Keywords: "National government, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'Waste disposal, 'Pollution control, Guidelines,
Removal, Law enforcement, Regulations, Waste treat-
ment, Contract administration, Local government,
Statutes, Citizen participation, 'Superfund, Record of
Decision, State implementation plans, Waste manage-
ment.
PB90-249459/HSU	PC A01 /MF A01
Resource Distribution for the Technical Assist-
ance Grant Program. Directive (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Jun 88,5p EPA/9200.3-04
The directive clarifies the resource base for the Tech-
nical Assistance Grants (TAG), as published in the
Federal Register, as an Interim Final Rule.
Keywords: 'Regulations, 'Resources, State govern-
ment, Local government, 'Superfund, 'Remedial
action, 'Technical Assistance Grant Program, 'Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Federal
Register.
PB90-249467/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Flexible Funding In the Regional Extramural Oper-
ating Plan ¦ Superfund Management Review, Rec-
ommendation No. 10. Directive (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
11 Dec 89,9p EPA/9200.3-08
The directive clarifies the funding flexibility currently
available to the Regions and discusses the FY-90 flexi-
ble funding initiatives and funds control process.
Keywords: "Regulations, 'Project management, 'Fi-
nancing, 'Superfund, 'Management review, *EPA re-
gions, 'Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Re-
sponse.
PB90-24B475/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Quidelines for Producing Superfund Documents.
Directive (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
9 Feb 87,14p EPA/9200.4-01
The directive summarizes the philosophy and policy
for planning, writing and issuing Superfund guidance
documents. Assists writers of guidance to produce
documents that are readable, concise, well-refer-
enced, and to the point.
Keywords: 'Regulations, 'Project management, 'Doc-
uments, 'Technical writing, Supervision, Standard op-
erating procedures, Classification(Documentation),
'Superfund, 'Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response.
PB90-249483/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund: A Six Year Perspective.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Oct 86,45p EPA/9200.5-000
The report describes why and how Superfund came to
be, how it operates, what It achieved during its first six
years, and the future direction of the program under
the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Pollution control,
Project management. Legislation, Financing, National
government, Sites, Waste disposal, Storage tanks,
Ground water, Removal, Barriers, Dioxin, Tires, Fires,
Air pollution, Technical assistance, Excavation, Waste
treatment. 'Superfund, Comprehensive Environmental
Response Compensation and Liability Act of 1980,
Clean up, 'National priorities list, Chemical spills, Re-
medial action.
PB90-249491 /HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund: Looking Back, Looking Ahead.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Dec 87,26p* EPA/9200.5-001
The article provides an overview of the Superfund haz-
ardous wastes cleanup process and Key aspects of the
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of
1986 (SARA). The document also addresses the quest
for alternative technologies; emergency planning and
community right-to-know; the Leaking Underground
Storage Tank Trust Fund (LUST); State involvement;
and challenges for Superfund for the future.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Environmental sur-
veys, State government, Forecasting, Leakage, Un-
derground storage, Storage tanks, Management plan-
ning, Decision making, Local government, Sites, Law
enforcement, Substitutes, Reprints, 'Superfund,
'Waste management, 'Remedial action, 'Cleanup op-
erations, Public information, Superfund Amendments
and Reauthorization Act of 1986, Emergency plans,
Technology utilization, Remedial response, Long term
effects, Regional analysis, Pollution regulations,
Standards compliance.
PB90-249509/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
National on Scene Coordinator Directory.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Nov 89, 81 p* EPA/9200.5-120
The directory was developed as a handy reference
guide to simplify communications and to promote the
transfer of technical expertise among On Scene Coor-
dinators (OSCs). In addition to names and phone num-
bers of OSCs, the directory contains regional and
headquarters addresses, facsimi le and E-mail num-
bers; TAT, ERCS, ERNS, and preparedness contracts;
and a telephone information hotline listing. The direc-
tory also contains a comprehensive 'specialty area'
index that can be useful reference for contacting OSCs
or others who have extensive experience in a particu-
lar response situation or specialized area.
Keywords: 'Directories, 'Coordinated procurement,
'Personnel, Air pollution, Water pollution, 'Waste dis-
posal, Radioactive materials, 'Hazardous materials,
'Superfund, 'Technology transfer, Emergency plans,
Waste management, Regional analysis, Federal as-
sistance programs, US EPA Regions 1-10.
PB90-249525/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Procurement under Preauthorlzatlon/Mlxed Fund-
ing. Directive (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
19 Apr 89,9p EPA/9225.1-01
The directive provides interim guidance to assist the
Regions in clarifying procurement procedures that
claimants: (1) would be required to implement under
the CERCLA Response Claims Procedures; and (2)
may use in order to assure that the costs for which
their claims are made against the Hazardous Sub-
stance Superfund will be reimbursed by EPA.
Keywords: 'Regulations, 'Hazardous materials, Pro-
curement, Cost plus fixed fee contracts, Fixed price
contracts, "Superfund, 'Remedial action, 'Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
PB90-249633/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Planning for Sufficient Community Relations (Su-
perfund Management Review: No. 43A). Directive
(Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
7 Mar 90,10p EPA/9230.0-08
The directive provides guidance to Regional staff on
planning for sufficient community relations at all stages
of the Superfund process. The document identifies
specific planning activities that have been used suc-
cessfully in the Regions.
Keywords: "Regulations, "Project management, *Su-
terfund, 'Management review, "Community relations,
PA regions.
PB90-249S41/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Analytical Review and Oversight. Direc-
tive (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
18 Oct 88, 7p EPA/9240.0-03
The directive outlines procedures and responsibilities
related to review and oversight of Superfund analytical
data.
Keywords: "Regulations, "Supervision, Quality assur-
ance, "Superfund, "Preremedial action, 'Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, EPA regions.
PB90-249558/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Decentralization of Superfund Bottle Repository
Functions. Directive (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
1 Sep 89,43p EPA/9240.0-05
The directive provides guidance for decentralizing the
acquisition of Superfund sampling bottles from OERR
to the Regions and their support contractors. It reiter-
ates and expands on information previously provided
to the Environmental Sen/ices Division personnel re-
sponsible for bottle acquisition.
Keywords: "Regulations, 'Decentralization(Dispersal),
Storage, Quality assurance, Quality control, Hazard-
ous materials, Tables(Data), "Superfund, "Bottle re-
positories, "Preremedial action, 'Sampling bottles,
'Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
EPA regions.
PB90-249566/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Delegation of Remedy Selection to Regions. Di-
rective (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
24 Mar 86,7p EPA/9260.1-09
The directive presents revisions to the Record of Deci-
sion (ROD) delegation procedures designed to stream-
line the process of delegation of remedy selections to
the Regions, and to achieve the FY '86 target of Re-
gional Administrator signature on 90% of all selection
of remedy documents.
Keywords: 'Regulations, "Project management,
Ground water, Water pollution, Anaerobic processes,
Arsenic, Fruit crops, "Superfund, "EPA regions,
'Record of Decision, "Remedial action, "Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Health haz-
ards, Soil contamination.
PB90-248574/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Delegations of Authority Under the Federal Water
Pollution Control Act (FWPCA) Which Are Appli-
cable to the Superfund Program. Directive (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
16 Apr 84.8p EPA/9260.3-00
The directive identifies and delegates the applicable
authorities under FWPCA for imminent and substantial
threat to the public health or welfare of the United
States because of an actual or threatened discharge
of oil or hazardous substance into or upon the naviga-
ble waters of the United States from an onshore or off-
shore facility. The document delegates authority re-
garding the use of dispersants and responsibilities
within the Spill Prevention Control and Countermeas-
ure System (SPCC) program.
Keywords: "Regulations, "Project management, Haz-
ardous materials, Navigation, Dispersants, "Super-
fund, 'Federal Water Pollution Control Act, 'Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, 'Spill Preven-
tion Control and Countermeasure System, Oil spills.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-249582/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Redelegation of Authority under CERCLA arid
SARA. Directive (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
25 May 88,44p EPA/9260.5-01
The directive presents a complete set of new and re-
vised redelegations of authority regarding activities
under CERCLA and SARA. Published under the signa-
ture of the AA/SWER, it is the current and definitive
delegations document for these authorities. Attach-
ment A contains redelegations of authority to take spe-
cific actions. Attachment B designates responsibilities
to exercise concurrence, consult, or receive notice.
Keywords: "Regulations, "Project management, Haz-
ardous materials, Local government, State govern-
ment, Contracts, Lead(Metal), Waste disposal, Stor-
age tanks, Toxicology, "Superfund, "Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act, "Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response, "Delegation of au-
thority, Enforcement, Soil contamination.
PB90-249590/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Standard Operating Safety Guides.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Jul 88,137p EPA/9285.1-01C
The report includes the Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA) regulations as they
might apply to hazardous waste workers involved in in-
cident response. The edition updates the November
1984 edition of Standard Operating Safety Guides.
Keywords: "Workers, "Hazardous materials, "Safety,
Operations, Regulations, Safe handling, Instructions
Accident prevention, Exposure, First aid, Health care,
Requirements, Personnel development, Responses'
Evajuation, Site surveys, Protective clothing, Decon-
tamination, "Superfund, "Occupational Safety and
Health Administration, Emergencies.
PBM-MMM/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Listing Municipal Landfills on the NPL. Directive
(rinal).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response
21 Aug 87,7p EPA/9320.1-09
®, 5jjrect've outlines procedures for listing municipal
landfills qualifying as Superfund sites on the National
Priorities List (NPL).
Keywords: "Regulations, "Earth fills, "Municipalities,
Superfund, "Preremedial action, "National priorities
list, "Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
EPA regions.
PB90-249616/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Discharge of Wastewater from CERCLA Sites into
POTWS. Directive (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
15 Apr 86,8p EPA/9330.2-04
The directive addresses the concerns and issues
unique to publicly owned treatment works (POTWs)
that must be evaluated before the discharge of
CERCLA wastewater to a POTW.
Keywords: 'Regulations, "Waste water, "Waste dis-
posal, Sludge disposal, Compliance, Ground water,
Water pollution, "Superfund, "Remedial action, "Pub-
licly owned treatment works, "Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Clean Water Act, Toxic
substances.
PB90-249624/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
CERCLA Off-Site Policy: Providing Notice to Fa-
cilities. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
12 May 86, Bp OSWER DIRECTIVE-9330.2-05
The directive assists in providing notice to commercial
treatment, storage, and disposal (TSDs) facilities
deemed ineligible to receive CERCLA response
wastes. Outlines procedures for facilities to submit
written comments on the application of the policy to
the conditions alleged at their facility.
Keywords: "Regulations, "Waste disposal, Waste
treatment, Storage, "Superfund, "Remedial action,
"Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Vio-
lations, Enforcement.
PB90-249632/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
CERCLA Off-Site Policy - Eligibility of Facilities In
Assessment Monitoring. Directive (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
28 Jul 86,5p EPA/9330.2-06
The directive clarifies application of the CERCLA off-
site policy to RCRA commercial facilities in assess-
ment monitoring.
Keywords: "Regulations, "Facilities, "Superfund, "Re-
medial action, "Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, "Assessment monitoring, "Businesses,
EPA regions.
PB90-249640/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Policy for Superfund Compliance with the RCRA
Land Disposal Restrictions. Directive (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
17 Apr 89,12p EPA/9347.1-02
The directive assists the regional removal and remedi-
al staff in making current site decisions about the Land
Disposal Restrictions (LDR). The memorandum ex-
plains: (1) how to determine when LDRs are 'applica-
ble' to a Superfund removal or remedial action, and (2)
the Superfund approach for complying with the LDRs
when they are determined to be applicable.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Sites, "Waste man-
agement, Decision making, Standards, Removal, Reg-
ulations, Requirements, Earth fills, "Superfund, "Land
application, Restrictions, Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act and Amendman, "Remedial action,
Compliance.
PB90-249657/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
RI/FS Improvements Follow-Up. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
25 Apr 88,18p EPA/9355.3-05
The reports directive delineates improvements devel-
oped for more effective Remedial Investigations/Fea-
sibility Studies (RI/FS).
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Project manage-
ment, Improvement, Feasibility, Time studies, Schedul-
ing, States(United States), Cost effectiveness, Gov-
ernment agencies, Recommendations, Project plan-
ning, Sites, Waste treatment, "Superfund, "Remedial
investigations, Regions.
PB90-249665/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Results of FY 88 Record of Decision Analysis. Di-
rective (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
1 May 89,10p EPA/9355.3-07
The directive transmits results of the draft OERR/
OWPE analysis of FY-88 Records of Decision (ROD),
and outlines goals based on the analysis to promote
ROD consistency and quality to ensure that the reme-
dial program is conducted consistent with the Super-
fund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA).
Keywords: "Regulations, Documentation, "Superfund,
"Record of Decision, "Office of Solid Waste and Emer-
gency Response, "Superfund Amendments and Reau-
thorization Act, "Remedial action, Risk.
PB90-249673/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Fiscal Year 1990 Regional Coordination Plan and
Themes for the Remedial Investigation/Feasibility
Study and Selection of Remedy Process. Directive
(Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Nov 89,13p EPA/9355.3-08
The directive describes Headquarter's Regional Co-
ordination Plan and communicates key themes for im-
plementing the Remedial Investigation/Feasibility
Study (RI/FS) and the selection of remedy process.
Keywords: "Regulations, Hazardous materials, Earth
fills, Waste disposal, Ground water, "Superfund, "Re-
medial action, "Feasibility studies, "Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response, EPA regions.
PB90-249681/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Results of FY '89 Record of Decision Analysis Su-
perfund Management Review Implementation
Product. Recommendation No. 25A. Directive
(Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Mar 90,20p EPA/9355.3-09
The directive provides an analysis of FY '89 Records
of Decision (RODs) conducted by the Office of Emer-
gency and Remedial Response (OERR) and the Office
of Waste Programs Enforcement (OWPE). The direc-
tive focuses on the consistency of remedy selection
decisions with Superfund program expectations as es-
tablished in the National Contingency Plan (NCP), and
the quality of ROD documentation. The report high-
lights improvements in ROD quality and discusses
trends over the past several years. The report also
offers recommendations for strengthening RODs in
the future.
Keywords: "Regulations, Statistics, Documentation
Exposure, "Superfund, "Remedial action, "Record of
Decision, "Management review, "Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response, Health hazards
Risk assessment.
PB90-249707/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Guidance on Oversight of PRP Performed RD/RA.
Directive (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
14 Feb 90,56p EPA/9355.5-01
The directive provides interim final guidance on EPA
oversight of Remedial Designs (RD) and Remedial Ac-
tions (RA) performed by Potentially Responsible Par-
ties (PRP). Insures that remedies being conducted by
PRPs are protective of the public health and environ-
ment, and are in compliance with applicable perform-
ance standards.
Keywords: "Regulations, "Supervision, "Guidance,
Performance standards, Quality assurance, Project
management. Cost analysis, "Superfund, "Remedial
action, "Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Re-
sponse, "Remedial designs, "Potentially responsible
parties, EPA regions.
PB90-249715/HSU	PC A02
Emergency Response Notification System.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Aug 89, 7p EPA/9360.0-21
The pamphlet provides general information for the
public describing the Emergency Response Notifica-
tion System, the national computer database and re-
trieval system that is used to store information on re-
leases of oil and hazardous substances.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Environmental sur-
veys, Information systems. National government
State government, Local government, Law enforce!
ment, Management planning, "Superfund, "Emergen-
cy Response Notification System, "ERNS system "Oil
spills, "Waste management, "Data bases, Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Emergency
plans, Comprehensive planning, Pollution regulations
Remedial response, Regional analysis, Public informa-
tion.
PB90-249723/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Revised Interim Final Guidance on Indian Involve-
ment In the Superfund Program. Directive (Final)
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response '
28 Nov 89,17p EPA/9375.5-02A
The directive supplements and references existim
documentation for EPA Regional personnel and htaS
lights issues specific to the involvement of federaliv
recognized Indian tribes in the Superfund program
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Regulations, Guidance, Hazardous mate-
rials, Waste disposal, Local government, "Superfund,
'Remedial action, 'Office of Solid Waste and Emer-
gency Response, "American Indians, EPA regions, En-
forcement, Cooperative agreements.
PB90-249731/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Involvement of Superfund Program Managers In
Superfund Response Agreement Audits. Directive
(Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
12 Feb 90,20p EPA/9375.5-04
The directive provides general reference information
to Superfund program managers about the audit proc-
ess. The information in the Directive pertains primarily
to audits of Cooperative Agreements, but may be ap-
plied to audits of Superfund State Contracts (SSCs).
Keywords: 'Regulations, 'State government, 'Audit-
ing, Contracts, Report writing, 'Superfund, 'Remedial
action, 'Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Re-
sponse, 'Cooperative agreements, EPA regions.
PB90-249749/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Directory of EPA/State Contacts by Specialty.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Feb 90, 74p EPA/540/8-90/002
The directory provides a catalog of personnel involved
in the management of hazardous waste under
CERCLA to facilitate communication within EPA, and
between EPA and State offices on issues related to
State participation in the Superfund program. The Di-
rectory presents information on personnel who provide
technical, legal, administrative, and financial expertise
in support of CERCLA activities. These individuals are
located in EPA Headquarters and regional offices,
State environmental protection programs, and perti-
nent State associations.
Keywords: 'Directories, 'Hazardous materials, 'Per-
sonnel, State government, Grants, Auditing, Financial
management, Community relations, 'Superfund,
'Waste management, Office of Emergency and Reme-
dial Response, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Remedial action, US EPA, Regional analy-
sis, Administrative procedures, Office of Solid Waste,
Office of Waste Program Enforcement, Pollution regu-
lations, Indian reservations.
PB90-249756/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation Pro-
gram: Technology Profiles, November 1989.
PRC Environmental Management, Inc., McLean, VA.
Nov 89,129p* EPA/540/5-89/013
Contract EPA-68-03-3484
See also report for 1988, PB90-132690. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
The document profiles fifty-two demonstration and
emerging technologies being evaluated under the
SITE program. Each technology profile contains a de-
scription of the technology; a discussion of its applica-
bility to various wastes; and update on its development
or demonstration status: and any available demonstra-
tion results. The document is intended for EPA region-
al decision-makers and other interested individuals in-
volved in hazardous waste site cleanups.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Site surveys, Deci-
sion making, Performance evaluation, State govern-
ment, Tables(Data), Quality control. Quality assurance,
Profiles, Process charting, 'Superfund, 'Remedial
action, 'Technology assessment, 'Waste manage-
ment, 'Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation
Program, 'SITE program, Cleanup operations, Region-
al analysis, US EPA, Technology transfer, Research
and development, Soil contamination, Environmental
monitoring, Demonstration programs.
PB90-249772/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Qulde for Conducting Treatability Studies under
CERCLA. Interim rept. (Final).
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Dec 89, 134p* EPA/540/2-89/058,, EPA/9380.0-27
Contract EPA-68-03-3413
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response.
The guide describes an approach for conducting treat-
ability studies that consists of laboratory screening,
bench-scale testing, and pilot-scale testing. The guide
also presents a stepwise approach or protocol for con-
ducting treatability studies for determination of the ef-
fectiveness of a technology (or combination of tech-
nologies) in remediating a CERCLA site.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Guidelines, Perform-
ance evaluation, Site surveys. Management planning,
Decision making, Statistical analysis, Sampling, Com-
munity relations, Feasibility, Substitutes, Cost analysis,
Experimental design, Laboratory equipment, 'Super-
fund, "Remedial action, 'Comprehensive Environmen-
tal Response Compensation and Liability Act, Tech-
nology utilization, Cleanup operations, Pollution regu-
lations.
PB90-249798/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
Use of Office of Research and Development's
Bioremediatlon Expertise in Superfund Removal
Program. Directive (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
12 Mar 90, 5p EPA/9380.4-01
The directive establishes a formal mechanism for ac-
cessing and using the Office of Research and Devel-
opment's (ORD) capabilities in the area of bioremedia-
tion of oil spills, hazardous substance spills, and Su-
perfund removal actions.
Keywords: 'Regulations, 'Hazardous materials,
'Microorganisms, 'Superfund, 'Oil spills, 'Remedial
action, 'Bioremediatlon, 'Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response.
PB90-250127/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
l/M Test Variability. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
L. C. Landman. Apr 87,85p EPA/AA/TSS/IM-87/2
See also PB90-235714.
The report summarizes an effort to study the emis-
sions of vehicles that had exhibited variability on l/M
tests and then to determine the effects of various pre-
conditioning cycles on the l/M tests of those vehicles.
The Federal Test Procedure hydrocarbons and carbon
monoxide emissions of the vehicles continued to fail
the l/M test even after loaded preconditioning tended
to be higher than the emissions of the l/M-fallTng vehi-
cles which passed after that loaded preconditioning.
Among the closed-loop vehicles, the fuel injected cars
appeared to be more likely to produce consistent l/M
results than were the carbureted cars.
Keywords: 'Automobiles, 'Exhaust emissions, 'In-
spection, Hydrocarbons, Carbon monoxide, Tests,
Maryland, Emission Test Program, US EPA.
PB90-250135/HSU	PC A14/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Measurements of Exhaled Breath Using a New
Portable Sampling Method.
Research Trianglelnst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
E. D. Pelizzari, K. W. Thomas, J. H. Ravmer, D. J.
Smith, and S. D. Cooper. Jul 90,313p EPA/600/3-90/
049
Contract EPA-88-02-4544
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
Breath measurements offer the potential for a direct
and noninvasive evaluation of human exposure to
volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the environ-
ments in which people live and work. The research
study was conducted to further develop the potential
of this exposure assessment methodology. A new al-
veolar breath measurement technique was developed
and tested. Air samples were collected in 32 microen-
vironments and above 6 consumer products to deter-
mine a few potential sources of human exposures to
selected VOCs. Elimination half-lives were estimated
using a mono- and biexponential model. The alveolar
breath collection and analysis methodology proved to
be very useful for collecting many samples in short
time intervals and this capability was very important for
accurately describing the initial phase of the decay
curves. Analysis of microenvironment air samples from
homes, businesses, workplaces, vehicles, etc., re-
vealed a wide range of potential sources of human ex-
posures to VOCs at concentrations from 1 to 16,000
microg/cu m.
Keywords: 'Portable equipment, 'Respiration, Expo-
sure,	Respiratory	system,
Concentrations(Composition), Houses, Public health,
Office buildings, Quality assurance, Performance eval-
uation, Mathematical models, Design criteria, 'Volatile
organic compounds, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Air sam-
plers, 'Air pollution effects(Humans), Indoor air pollu-
tion, Occupational safety and health, Pollution
sources.
PB90-250143/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Assessment of Physical Coal Cleaning Practices
for Sulfur Removal. Final rept. Apr 86-Jan 90.
Science Applications International Corp.. Norristown,
PA.
A. J. Herhal, and C. Minnucci. Jun 90,173p EPA/600/
7-90/013
Contracts EPA-68-02-3893, EPA-68-02-4397
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report presents results of a study ol the current
level of coal cleaning activity in the United States. In
1983, the U.S. Department of Energy's Energy Infor-
mation Administration (EIA) expanded coal data col-
lection activities to include information on the extent
and type of coal preparation conducted in each coal-
producing region. The additional information included
data on raw coal input to coal cleaning plants, clean
coal output, quality characteristics of the prepared
coal, and end-use markets of both raw and prepared
coal. These data, in combination with other EIA data,
provide information on the extent and type of coal
cleaning activity in each major coal-producing state or
region. The impat on coal preparation of differences in
mining methods and requirements of the various end-
use markets also is discussed. Estimates were devel-
oped of S02 emission reduction by current mechanical
cleaning plants based on clean coal quality character-
istics reported to EIA and bed/county raw coal quality
estimated from the EIA/U.S. Bureau of Mines analyti-
cal file.
Keywords: 'Cleaning, 'Coal preparation, 'United
States, Assessments, Coal mining, Quality control,
States(United States), Sulfur dioxide, Reduction, Esti-
mates, Weight(Massj, Industrial plants, Methodology,
Cost analysis, Removal, Regional analysis.
PB90-250150/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Metal Recovery/Removal Using Non-Electrolytic
Metal Recovery. Final rept.
Minnesota Univ.-Duluth. Natural Resources Research
Inst.
V. G. Leak. Jul 90,36p EPA/600/2-90/035
Prepared In cooperation with Minnesota Technical As-
sistance Program, Minneapolis, and Minnesota Waste
Management Board, St Paul. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Re-
duction Engineering Lab.
Radiator repair shops most commonly use hot caustic
solutions to clean radiator sections prior to resolder-
ing. The hot caustic, or 'boil-out' solutions as they are
called in the trade, become contaminated with dirt, rust
flakes, paint flakes and miscellaneous particulate
debriB. in addition, the 'boil-out' solutions dissolve
lead, copper, zinc, and tin from the brass radiator com-
ponents and the solder used for assembly. A portion of
the dissolved heavy metals are in true solution where-
as an important percentage precipitates as metal hy-
droxide, quasi-colloids'. Cooling the solutions and al-
lowing the dissolved metals to precipitate and settle
enables the operator to recycle up to 80 percent of the
solution. Preliminary test work has shown that sodium
sulfide added to the caustic 'enhanced sludge' solu-
tion will precipitate the metal hydroxides. The precipi-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tates are coarse enough to settle out of the solution
and leave a stripped, clarified liquid. This means that it
should be feasible to design a precipitation and clarifi-
cation system that could be used by any small radiator
repair shop and eliminate this hazardous waste stream
from the environment. The work was performed be-
tween May 15,1987, and June 30,1988, at the Univer-
sity of Minnesota, Ouluth.
Keywords: 'Materials recovery, "Water pollution con-
trol, *Sludge disposal, 'Waste treatment, Heat radia-
tors, Hazardous materials, Repair shops, Process
charting, Performance evaluation, Waste water,
Precipitation(Chemistry), Motor vehicles, Copper,
Lead(Metal), Leaching. Cleaning agents, Oxidation re-
duction reactions. Alkalies, Metal complexes, 'Heavy
metals, 'Waste utilization, 'Waste recycling, Ammoni-
um carbonates, Case studies, Sodium sulfides, Liquid
wastes.
PB90-250168/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Accuracy and Reliability of CEMS at Subpart Da
(Electric Utilities) Facilities.
Entropy Environmentalists, Inc., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
G. Walsh, and K. Mans. Mar 90,59p EPA/600/3-90/
056
Contract EPA-68-02-4550
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
EPA promulgated minimum quality assurance (QA) re-
quirements for Continuous Emission Monitoring Sys-
tems (CEMS) in 40 CFR Part 60 Appendix F. Appendix
F requires Da source owners to develop site-specific
QA plans and report the results of EPA specified QA
activities each calendar quarter. The first calendar
quarter for which a report was to be submitted is Janu-
ary through March 1988. The report of QA activities
under Appendix F is called a Data Assessment Report
(DAR). The DAR includes identifying and descriptive
information for the CEMS, results of periodic audits,
identification of periods when calibration drift exceeds
specific criteria, identification of periods when the ana-
lyzers of CEMS are out of control (OOC), and descrip-
tions of corrective actions in response to OOC condi-
tions. An OOC period occurs when an analyzer or a
CEMS fails to meet criteria specified in Appendix F.
The criteria are expressed in terms of CEMS relative
accuracy, analyzer accuracy, and analyzer drift. The
principle objective of the study is an evaluation of the
information in D ARs for six quarters from January 1988
through June 1989. Secondary study objectives in-
clude the establishment of contacts with agency staff
who normally receive the DARs each quarter and iden-
tification of facilities for which DARs were apparently
not received, for follow-up by the appropriate agency.
Keywords: 'Continuous sampling, 'Steam electric
power generation, Auditing, Calibrating, Quality assur-
ance, Site surveys, Graphs(Charts), Sulfur dioxide, Ni-
trogen oxides, Data processing, Performance stand-
ards, Tables(Data), Concentration(Composition),
'New Source Performance Standard, "Air pollution
monitors, 'Data assessment reports.
PB90-250176/HSU	PC A07/MF Am
Pr°'ection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
WasteMinimlzatlon Opportunity Assessment, Fort
Riley, Kansas. Summary rept. Apr 89-Dec 89
Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA.
M. Drabkin, and J. S. Bridges. Jul 90,133p EPA/600/
2-90/031
Contract EPA-68-C8-0061
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
Under the Waste Reduction Evaluations at Federal
Sites (WREAFS) Program, a waste minimization op-
portunity assessment was conducted at a mainte-
nance operation carried out at one of the U.S. Army
Forces Command (FORSCOM) Fort Riley, Kansas fa-
cilities. These facilities generate waste battery acid
and metals-contaminated alkaline wastewaters. The
waste minimization assessment developed two recy-
cling options for these RCRA wastes: (1) Filtration,
restrengthening and recycling of waste battery acid as
a replacement for virgin battery acid and, (2) purifica-
tion and reuse of alkaline detergent solution tor auto-
1648 Vol. 90, No. 24
motive parts cleaning. The payback periods for these
two waste reduction options are very short and create
the potential for application of similar waste minimiza-
tion options in at least ten other U.S. Army FORSCOM
installations.
Keywords: 'Reduction, "Hazardous materials, "Mili-
tary facilities, 'Waste disposal. Maintenance, Motor
vehicles, Electric batteries, Acids, Metals, Waste water
reuse, Alkalinity, Filtration, Detergents, Purification,
Automotive components, Cleaning, Assessments,
Cost effectiveness, Fort Riley(Kansas), 'Waste mini-
mization, Recycling.
PB90-251836/HSU	PC A10/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Wet Deposition Temporal and Spatial Patterns In
North America, 1987.
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
J. C. Simpson, and A. R. Olsen. Jul 90,224p EPA/
600/4-90/019
See also DE89014372. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Lab.
The focus of the report is on North American wet dep-
osition temporal patterns from 1979 to 1987 and spa-
tial patterns for 1987. The report investigates the pat-
terns of annual precipitation-weighted average con-
centration and annual deposition Tor nine ion species:
hydrogen, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, calcium, chlo-
ride, sodium, potassium, and magnesium.
Keywords: *Precipitation(Meteorology), 'Acidification,
"Air pollution, 'North America, Atmospheric composi-
tion, Ammonia, Sulfates, Hydrogen, Ions, Calcium,
Sodium, Concentration(Composition), Deposition,
Chlorides, Potassium, Spatial distribution, Maps,
Trends, Statistical data, Maps, 'Acid rain.
PB90-251844/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Analysis of Solid Waste: Performance Data for
SW-846 Methods 8270, 8081, and 8141.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
P. J. Marsden. Jul 90,152p EPA/600/4-90/015
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Three SW-846 analytical methods (8270 (semivolatile
organics), 8081 (organochlorine pesticides), and 8141
(organophosphorus insecticides) can be used in con-
junction with extraction procedures (Methods 3540 or
3550) and sample clean-up (Methods 3640 and draft-
3670) to measure almost all of the Best Demonstrated
Available Technology (BDAT) list chemicals in three
waste matrices with recoveries of 40-70 percent. How-
ever, several analytes can not be measured using
these gas chromatographic techniques: toluene di-iso-
cyanate, the four diaminotoluene isomers (2,4-, 2,3-,
2,6, and 3,4-), nor any methylcyclohexylamine iso-
mers.
Keywords: 'Chemical analysis, 'Solid waste disposal.
Performance evaluation, Chlorine organic compounds.
Pesticides, Phosphorus organic compounds, Insecti-
cides, Recovery, Solvent extraction. Gas chromatog-
raphy, Quality assurance, Toluene, Isocynates,
Concentration(Composition), Test methods, Sludge,
Best Demonstrated Available Technology, 'Chemi-
cals, Listings, 'Clean up, Semivolatile organic com-
pounds.
PB90-251851/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Proximity of Texas Sanitary Landfills to Wetlands
and Despwatar Habitats: Data on Individual Land*
fills.
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Biomedi-
cal and Toxicological Research and Hazardous Waste
Management.
V. W. Lambou, R. C. Herndon, J. E. Moeriins, and R. L.
Gebhard. Aug 90,152p EPA/600/4-90/014A
Grant EPA-R-815138
Prepared in cooperation with National Wetlands Inven-
tory, St. Petersburg, FL. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Sanitary landfills can cause considerable harm to sen-
sitive ecosystems if they are not properly located, de-
signed, and managed. The purpose of the report is to
document the proximity of individual sanitary landfills in
the state of Texas to wetlands and deepwater habitats
(i.e., rivers, lakes, streams, bays, etc.); a companion
report summarizes the statewide results. The data on
individual landfills include: (1) general facility/site data,
and (2) wetlands/deepwater habitat data.
Keywords: 'Sites, 'Earth fills, 'Estuaries, "Texas,
Rivers, Inventories, Classifications, Coasts, Deep
water, Maps, Facilities, Data processing, 'Wetlands,
Habitats, 'Waste management, Ecosystems, 'List-
ings.
PB90-251869/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Proximity of Texas Sanitary Landfills to Wetlands
and Deepwater Habitats: Statewide Results.
Florida State Univ., Tallahassee. Center for Biomedi-
cal and Toxicological Research and Hazardous Waste
Management.
V. W. Lambou, R. C. Herndon, J. E. Moerlins, and R. L.
Gebhard. Aug 90, 50p EPA/600/4-90/014B
Grant EPA-R-815138
See also PB90-251851. Prepared in cooperation with
National Wetlands Inventory, St. Petersburg, FL.
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Sanitary landfills can cause considerable harm to sen-
sitive ecosystems if they are not properly located, de-
signed, and managed. The purpose of the report is to
summarize the proximity of 463 sanitary landfills in the
state of Texas to wetlands and deepwater habitats
(i.e., rivers, lakes, streams, bays, etc.); a companion
report presents data on individual landfills. The sani-
tary landfills were identified on U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service's National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) maps.
Due to the significant variation in environmental set-
tings across Texas as well as the availability of NWI
maps, the state was divided into regions: Region 1 -
Coastal, Region 2 - Northeastern, Region 3 - Panhan-
dle, and Region 4 - Central. Regions 1, 2, and 3 have
been completely mapped by the NWI and, as a result,
data are presented on the sanitary landfills located in
these regions.
Keywords: 'Sites, 'Earth fills, 'Estuaries, 'Texas,
Deep water, Maps, Inventories, Classifications,
Tables(Data), 'Wetlands, 'Regional analysis, "Habi-
tats. Ecosystems, 'Waste management.
PB90-251877/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Stability of Lined Slopes at Landfills and Surface
impoundments.
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA.
D. H. Mitchell, M. A. McLean, and T. E. Gates. Aug 90,
149p EPA/600/2-89/057
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The report describes the results of slope stability anal-
yses, laboratory tests to measure the frictional proper-
ties of various interfaces that may be used in landfills
and surface impoundments, and larger-scale tests to
verify the data from laboratory tests. Several cases of
sloughing of cover soils on FMLs in canals and tailings
ponds have occurred. Sloughing at surface impound-
ments has occurred during neavy rainfalls, leading to
the conclusion that the sloughing resulted from a build-
up of pore-water pressure in the soil which reduced
stability. This effect was demonstrated in tests on a
100-square-foot test stand. Stability analyses Incorpo-
rating the effect of pore water was developed. Friction
angles determined by direct-shear tests, the typical
method used to measure interfacial properties, were
compared with friction angles from larger-scale tests
The study determined that, in general, the direct-shear
method produces friction angles that are less than
those measured with a larger engineering-scale
system. Therefore, friction angles determined by the
direct-shear method are probably conservative for use
in stability analyses.
Keywords: 'Slope protection, 'Embankments, 'Earth
fills, 'Stability, Slopes. Landslides, Soil erosion. Soil
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-251935/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Illinois Dept. of Energy and Natural Resources, Cham-
paign. Hazardous Waste Research and Information
Center.
Calumet Area Hazardous Substance Data Base: A
User's Guide with Documentation.
Illinois State Museum, Springfield.
T. B. Samsel, and C. E. Colten. May 90, 60p HWRIC-
RR-047
Sponsored by Illinois Dept. of Energy and Natural Re-
sources, Champaign. Hazardous Waste Research and
Information Center.
The Lake Calumet area of southeast Chicago has a
lengthy history of hazardous materials-handling activi-
ty. Illinois State Museum staff consulted numerous
sources and reviewed their contents to compile and
produce an electronic data base which will enable re-
searchers to determine where and when particular
types of hazardous materials and related activity oc-
curred at specific sites. Archival records, regulatory
files, and other sources collected by Museum staff
contributed information to the data base. Once collect-
ed, the information was formated for entry into the Illi-
nois Geographic Information System (IGIS)--a comput-
er system that enables the geographic and tabular
data to be combined, recombined, and analyzed. The
report provides instructions for the use of the system
by the experienced ARC/INFO user, a summary of the
data acquisition and entry procedures, and synopses
of each data set.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous materials,
'water pollution control, 'Lakes, Sites, Geographic in-
formation systems, IGIS system, Contaminants, Lake
Calumet, Chicago(lllinois), User manuals(Computer
programs), Databases.
PB90-252297/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Chesapeake Bay Living Resources Monitoring
Plan. First Annual Progress Report.
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Jun 90,57p CBP/TRS-43/90
The report documents progress In implementing rec-
ommendations that were part of the Living Resources
Monitoring Plan adopted in July 1988 pursuant to the
1987 Chesapeake Bay Agreement. The report is pre-
sented in three sections: (1) a status report, including a
discussion of program needs, proposed modifications,
and future directions, (2) a description of the living re-
sources data effort, and (3) a summary with recom-
mendations.
Keywords: Water pollution, Management planning
Recommendations, Reviews, Data processing
Benthos, Graphs(Charts), Fishes, Shellfish, Plankton
'Chesapeake Bay Program, 'Environmental monitor
ing, 'Biological indicators, 'Aquatic ecosystems, 'Nat
ural resources management, Administrative proce
dure, Long term effects, Plant communities.
PB90-252396/HSU	PC A16/MF A02
Illinois Water Quality Report, 1988-1989. Final rept.
Illinois State Environmental Protection Agency, Spring-
field. Div. of Water Pollution Control.
Apr 90,372p IEPA/WPC/90-160
See also PB88-223342.Color illustrations reproduced
in black and white.
The State of Illinois report, prepared by the Illinois En-
vironmental Protection Agency, addresses the water
quality assessment efforts for 1988 and 1989 (the sev-
enth in a series of biennial reports). The report follows
USEPA guidance for reporting water quality conditions
in terms of degree of use support or attainment. In ad-
dition to stream and lake water quality conditions, dis-
cussions of the State's wetland resources and ground-
water protection programs are provided. Also included
are the lake classification and lake information re-
quired by Section 314 and nonpoint source assess-
ments required by Section 319.
Keywords: 'Illinois, 'Water quality, Rivers, Streams,
Lakes, Lake Michigan, Ground water, Sediment,
Fishes, Tables(Datay, 'Clean Water Act, Wetlands,
Toxic substances, Water pollution control.
PB90-252495/HSU	PC A17/MF A03
Reactor Processes in Synthetic Organic Chemical
Manufacturing Industry. Background Information
for Proposed Standards. Draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jun 90, 391p EPA/450/3-90/016A
Standards of performance for the control of volatile or-
ganic compound (VOC) emissions from new, modified,
and reconstructed reactor process units used in the
manufacture of synthetic organic chemicals are being
proposed under Section 111 of the Clean Air Act. The
document contains background information on the in-
dustry and processes concerned and environmental
and economic impact assessments of the regulatory
alternatives considered in developing the proposed
standards.
Keywords: "Environmental impact statements-Draft,
'Air pollution control, 'Chemical industry, Chemical re-
actors, Performance standards, Design criteria, Indus-
trial wastes, Adsorption, Oxidizers, Combustion effi-
ciency, Boilers, Catalysts, Heating equipment, Inciner-
ators, 'Volatile organic compounds, 'Air pollution
standards, Economic impact, Environmental impact
assessments, Pollution regulations. Standards compli-
ance, Clean Air Act, Baseline measurements.
PB90-262503/HSU	PC A17/MF A03
Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Dis-
posal Facilities. Background Information for Pro-
mulgated Organic Emission Standards for Proc-
ess Vents and Equipment Leake.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jun 90, 396p EPA/450/3-89/009
See also PB90-103250.
Standards for the control of organic air emissions from
hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal fa-
cilities (TSDF) and waste solvent treatment facilities
(WSTF) are promulgated under the authority of Sec-
tion 3004(n) of the 1976 Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA). These standards would apply
to certain process vents associated with distillation
and stripping equipment at WSTF (and at TSDF, if ap-
plicable) and to fugitive emissions from equipment
leaks at TSDF where the waste stream (or its deriva-
tives) contain 10 percent or more total organics. The
document contains summaries of public comments re-
ceived on the proposed rule (February 5, 1987), ERA
responses, and a discussion of differences between
the proposed and final standards.
Keywords: 'Solvents, 'Air pollution control, 'Hazard-
ous materials, 'Industrial waste treatment, Standards,
Benzene, Vents, Process control, Strippers, Vacuum
apparatus, Emission, Reduction, Distillation, Equip-
ment, Leakage, Proposals. Public health, Workers, Li-
censes, 'Volatile organic compounds, Resource Con-
servation and Recovery Act, Recycling.
PB90-252594/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Emerging Technologies: Bio-Recovery Systems
Removal and Recovery of Metal Ions from
Groundwater.
Bio-Recovery Systems, Inc., LasCruces, NM.
D. W. Darnall, and J. M. Hosea. Aug 90,55p EPA/540/
5-90/005A
See also Appendices, PB90-252602. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
A series of laboratory tests and an on-site pilot scale
demonstration of Bio-Recovery Systems' AlgaSORB
technology for the removal and recovery of mercury-
contaminated groundwater were conducted under the
SITE program. Optimum conditions were determined
for mercury binding to AlgaSORB. Conditions under
which mercury could be stripped from AlgaSORB were
developed. On-aite, pilot scale demonstrations with a
portable waste treatment system incorporating col-
umns containing two different AlgaSORB preparations
confirmed laboratory tests. Over 500 bed volumes of
mercury-contaminated groundwater could be success-
fully treated before regeneration of the system was re-
quired. Mercury was removed to levels below the dis-
charge limit of 10 microgram/L.
Keywords: 'Mercury(Metal), 'Water pollution control,
'Ground water, Hazardous materials, Waste disposal,
Materials recovery, Waste treatment, Sites, Ion ex-
changing, Algae, Performance evaluation, Pilot plants,
Silicon dioxide, Portable equipment, 'Superfund, 'Bio-
logical recovery, AlgaSORB, Metal ions, Heavy metals,
Technology utilization.
PB90-2526O2/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Emerging Technologies: Bio-Recovery Systems
Removal and Recovery of Metal ions from
Groundwater. Appendices.
Bio-Recovery Systems, Inc., LasCruces, NM.
D. W. Darnall, and J. M. Hosea. Aug 90,118p EPA/
540/5-90/005B
See also PB90-252594. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction En-
gineering Lab.
Now in its fourth year, the Superfund Innovative Tech-
nology Evaluation (SITE) Program is part of EPA's re-
search into cleanup methods for hazardous waste
sites around the nation. Through cooperative agree-
ments with developers, alternative or innovative tech-
nologies are refined at the bench-and pilot-scale level
and then demonstrated at actual sites. EPA collects
and evaluates extensive performance data on each
technology to use in remediation decision-making for
hazardous waste sites. The appendices include the
laboratory analysis results from two independent lab-
oratories that were provided split samples from Bio-
Recovery Systems, Inc. during the on-site pilot testing
of Bio-Recovery's technology f or the removal of mer-
cury from contaminated groundwaters during the
penod of November 7,1989 to December 1,1989.
Keywords: 'Mercury(Metal), 'Water pollution control,
'Ground water, Hazardous materials, Waste disposal,
Materials recoveiy, Waste treatment, Sites, Ion ex-
changing, Algae, Performance evaluation, Pilot plants,
Silicon dioxide, Portable equipment, 'Superfund, 'Bio-
logical recovery, AlgaSORB, Metal ions, Heavy metals,
Technology utilization.
PB90-252610/HSU	PC A09/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Refinement of a Model to Predict the Chemical
Permeation of Protective Clothing Materials. Rept.
for Oct 87-Dec 88.
Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA.
R. Goydan, T. R. Carroll, A. D. Schwope, and R. C.
Reid. 1990,196p ADL-62290-65, EPA/600/2-90/028
Contract EPA-68-03-3293
Prepared in cooperation with Massachusetts Inst, of
Tech., Cambridge. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engi-
neering Lab.
A prototype of a predictive model for estimating chemi-
cal permeation through protective clothing materials
was refined and tested. The model applies Fickian dif-
fusion theory and predicts permeation rates and cumu-
lative permeation as a function of time for five materi-
als: butyl rubber, low density polyethylene, natural
rubber, neoprene, and nitrile rubber. The model pro-
vides two approaches to estimate the solubility, one
using a group contribution approach (UNIFAP S) and
the second using an equation of state approach (EOS
S). The model provides one approach to estimate the
diffusion coefficient (CORR D). Refinement of the
model was investigated through a preliminary analysis
of the concentration dependence of the diffusion coef-
ficient A finite difference technique was developed
and, for 50% of the cases analyzed, the permeation-
time behavior could be described more accurately as-
suming concentration dependence. No correlation,
however, was identified to apply this finding in a predic-
tive mode. Correlations developed previously to esti-
mate constant D values (CORR D) were refined using
a larger data set. The accuracy and limitations of the
refined model were evaluated by comparing model
predictions with literature data. Overall, the accuracy
of the model is fair; for 200 data sets representing a
range of chemical types, 70-80% of the predicted per-
meation rates were within an order of magnitude of Ihe
measured values. The UNIFAP S/CORR D approach
was more accurate than the EOS S/CORR D ap-
proach, however, the former could not be applied in
many cases because UNIFAP parameters are not
available for all functional groups.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Protective clothing, 'Permeability, 'Haz-
ardous materials, 'Chemical resistance, Solubility,
Finite difference theory, Diffusivity,
Concentration(Composition), Mathematical models,
Fabrics.
PB90-252628/HSU	PC A11/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment L_db
Estimation of Seasonal and Annual Acidic Deposi-
tion through Aggregation of Three-Day Episodic
Periods. Rept. for Feb. 89-91.
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Dept. of Atmospheric, Oce-
anic and Space Sciences.
P. J. Samson, J. R. Brook, and S. Sillman. Aug 90,
248p EPA/600/3-90/059
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
A method for aggregating episodic deposition esti-
mates has been developed and used to identify which
meteorological situations merit simulation by RADM
based on tneir likelihood of producing sulfate (S04(-2))
wet deposition at multiple locations across eastern
North America, their frequency of occurrence, and
their seasonality. The aggregation technique has been
performed using four years (1982 -1985) of precipita-
tion chemistry data from the Utility Acid Precipitation
Sampling Program (UAPSP). The method developed
during the proiect improves upon random selection. It
is based on the stratification of three-day periods into
categories of similar 850 mb wind flow across eastern
North America. The aggregation project has provided
the RADM project with a list of simulation periods
which represent the range of meteorological patterns
over eastern North America. The selection of storm
types was based on their likelihood of producing S04(-
2) wet deposition at multiple locations across eastern
North America, their frequency of occurrence, and
their seasonality. The project has also provided the
RADM project with scaling factors for use in weighing
episodic simulation results to seasonal and annual
deposition.
Keywords: 'Acidification, 'Air pollution, 'Deposition,
'Agglomeration, 'Mathematical models, Meteorologi-
cal data, Wind direction, Estimates, Stratification, At-
mospheric chemistry, Precipitation(Meteorology), Sta-
tistical analysis, Atmospheric diffusion, Seasonal vari-
ations, Forecasting, Sulfates, Eastern Region(North
America), Periodic variations, Regional Acid Deposi-
tion Model.
PB90-252636/HSU	PC A99/MF A04
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Pilot Study on International Information Exchange
on Dloxlns and Related Compounds. Final rept.
1985-89.
NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern Socie-
ty, Brussels (Belgium).
D. N. McNelis, E. W. Bretthauer, F. W. Kutz, D. P.
Bottimore, and S. W. Duda. Dec 89,646p NATO/
CCMS-170, EPA/600/6-90/007
Contract EPA-68-D9-0166
Portions of this document are not fully legible. Pre-
pared in cooperation with REECO, Las Vegas, NV.,
and Versar, Inc., Springfield, VA. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
The Pilot Study on International Information Exchange
on Dioxins and Related Compounds was initiated in
1985 to apply the cooperative efforts of numerous na-
tions to address the problems associated with CDDs,
CDFs, and related compounds. The Pilot Study con-
ducted activities to examine exposure and risk assess-
ment, technology assessment, and management of
accidents involving these compounds. One of the ac-
tivities of the Pilot Study was to compile, analyze, and
distribute information on research projects addressing
these compounds. The report describes some of the
research activities that were underway between the
years of 1985-1989. The report also contains detailed
analyses of funding priorities and research emphasis
among NATO nations.
Keywords: 'Research projects, Exposure, Industrial
accidents, Tables(Data). Graphs(Charts), Public
health, Forms(Paper), Management planning, Cost
analysis, Chemical industry, Data processing, Diox-
ins, 'Chlorinated dibenzodioxins, Chlorinated diben-
zofurans, 'Technology transfer, •information transfer,
Risk assessment, Technology assessment, North At-
1650 Vol. 90, No. 24
lantic Treaty Organization, Financial assistance, Re-
medial response, Environmental impact assessment,
Waste management, Occupational safety and health.
PB90-252644/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Agricultural Drainage Wells: Impact on Ground
Water. Briefing rept. Jul 89-Feb 90.
Dynamac Corp., Ada, OK.
R. D. Ludwig, R. L. Drake, and D. A. Stemitzke. Aug 90,
28p EPA/600/8-90/054
Contract EPA-68-C8-0058
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
The document discusses agricultural drainage well
practices, potential contamination problems that may
occur, and possible management practices or regula-
tory solutions that could be used to alleviate those
problems. The document has been written for use by
state and Agency decision-makers in response to
questions related to the impact of agricultural drainage
wells on ground-water quality. The specific contribu-
tion of agricultural drainage wells to the increasing
number of ground-water contamination scenarios
being documented nationwide is presently not known.
However, it must be assumed that the presence of ag-
ricultural drainage wells can only serve to facilitate
subsurface contamination. Confirmed cases of
ground-water contamination by agricultural drainage
wells have been identified in Iowa and Idaho based on
studies cited herein. This confirmed evidence sug-
gests that either alternatives to the use of agricultural
drainage wells should be sought or the quality of fluids
entering agricultural drainage wells should be better
controlled.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Agricultural engineering,
'Drainage wells, 'Water quality management, 'Water
pollution control, Subsurface drainage. Farm manage-
ment, Decision making, Design criteria, Regulations,
Site surveys, Environmental effects, Environmental
transport, Water runoff.
PB90-2S3170/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Report of the Expert Group on Emissions Scenar-
ios of the Response Strategies Working Group of
the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
Technical draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Apr 90, 56p
See also PB90-253188.
Emissions Scenarios: Report of the Expert Group on
Emissions Scenarios, which includes the United States
and the Netherlands, from the Response Strategies
Working Group of the Intergovernmental Panel on Cli-
mate Change, April 1990. Presents five scenarios in
which greenhouse gas emissions could change over
the next century: High Emissions; Low Emissions;
Control Policies; and Accelerated Policies (two scenar-
ios). The scenarios also illustrate changes that might
stabilize emissions and allow growth and improvement
in the standard of living. Considers goals of 20% re-
duction in C02 emissions by the early part of the next
century (Toronto Conference: 'The Changing Atmos-
phere- 1988').
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Scenarios, United States,
Agriculture, Forestry, Climatic changes,
Concentration(Composition), Greenhouse effect, Air
pollution control, Atmospheric composition, Air pollu-
tion abatement, Demography, Economic analysis,
Sensitivity, 'Remedial response, Environmental policy,
Standard of living, Pollution sources, Technology utili-
zation, Energy sources, Netherlands.
PB90-2S3188/HSU	PC A11/MF A02
Report of the Expert Group on Emission* Scenar-
ios of the Response Strategies Working Group of
the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
Appendix. Technical rept. (Draft).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation.
Apr 90,230p
See also PB90-253170.
The appendix contains back-up data to the five sce-
narios of potential climate change in greenhouse gas
emissions over the next century and changes to stabi-
lize emissions, as presented in 'Emissions Scenarios:
Report to the Expert Group on Emissions Scenarios'
from the Response Strategies Working Group of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, April
1990.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Scenarios, Climatic
changes, Greenhouse effect, United States,
Tables(Data),	Graphs(Charts),
Concentration(Composition), Agriculture, Atmospheric
composition, Air pollution control, Air pollution abate-
ment, Demography, Economic analysis, Forestry, 'Re-
medial response, Pollution sources, Technology utili-
zation, Energy sources, Netherlands.
PB90-253816/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Assessment of Tentatively Identified Compounds
in Superfund Samples. Environmental research
brief.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
J. M. Long, and J. M. McGuire. Jun 90,9p EPA/600/
M-89/030
Stored mass spectral data for 27 semivolatile samples
analyzed by 7 private laboratories under contract with
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency were reana-
lyzed at the Environmental Research Laboratory,
Athens, GA (AERL). Results of the reanalysis were
compared with the original contract laboratory data. In
instances where specific compound identifications had
been made by a contract laboratory, AERL identifica-
tions agreed 36% of the time, disagreed with the iden-
tification 11 % of the time, disagreed on the presence
of the GC peak 19% of the time, or concluded that
data were insufficient for identification 34% of the
time.
Keywords: "Site surveys, "Hazardous materials,
'Chemical analysis, 'Waste disposal, Performance
evaluation, Mass spectroscopy, Gas chromatography,
Sampling, Tables(Data), Laboratories, Organic com-
pounds, Concantration(Composition), Assessments,
'Superfund, 'Tentatively identified compounds.
PB90-254293/HSU	PC A12/MF A02
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 1):
New Bedford, MA. (First Remedial Action), March
1990.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
6 Apr 90,251p EPA/ROD/R01-90/045
The New Bedford site is a harbor area in the port city of
New Bedford, Massachusetts, approximately 55 miles
south of Boston. Two electrical capacitor manufactur-
ing facilities, the Aerovox facility and the Cornell-Dubi-
lier Electronics facility, are located along the New Bed-
ford Harbor and, were major PCB users from the
1940s to 1978, when EPA banned the use of PCBs.
These manufacturers released PCB-contaminated
wastewater onto shoreline mudflats and Into the
harbor. As a result of the widespread PCB contamina-
tion, the State closed three fishing areas in the harbor
in 1979, resulting in the loss of approximately 18,000
acres of productive lobstering ground. Between 1982
and 1985, EPA and the Coast Guard posted warnings
notifying the public of fishing and swimming restric-
tions. Tne site has been divided into three study areas
which include the Hot Spot area, the Acushnet River
Estuary, and the Lower Harbor and Upper Buzzards
Bay. This Record of Decision (ROD), the first of two
operable units, Is an interim remedy and addresses the
5-acre Hot Spot area, located along the western bank
of the Acushnet River Estuary adjacent to the Aerovox
facility.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Industrial wastes, 'Hazardous
materials, 'Waste disposal, Lead(Metal), Site surveys
Licenses, Public health, Water pollution, Solid waste
disposal, Manufacturing, Estuaries, 'Superfund pro-
gram, Polychlorobipnenyl compounds, New
Bedford(Massachusetts), Record of Decision, First
Remedial Action, Liquid waste disposal.
PB90-254301/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3V c
and R Battery, VA. (First Remedial Action), March
1990. Final rept.	^
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The 11-acre C and R Battery site is a former battery-
sawing and shredding facility in Chesterfield County,
Virginia. Open fields and woods border the site on the
north, south, and west, a small fuel oil distributor bor-
ders the site on the east, and the James River is ap-
proximately 650 feet north of the site. From the early
1970s to 1985 the facility was used to recycle discard-
ed batteries. Site operations included draining battery
acids into onsite ponds, recovering and stockpiling
lead and lead compounds from the batteries, and
shredding and stockpiling battery casings onsite. The
State began monitoring the site in the late 1970s and
detected elevated lead levels in the soil, surface water,
and ground water. The selected remedial action for
this site includes the demolition of a concrete pad and
dismantlement of a storage shed followed by offsite
disposal of the debris, ana offsite treatment, if neces-
sary, of surface water from the drainage ditch prior to
the excavation of contaminated soil and sediment.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste
disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Electric batter-
ies, Acids, Ponds, Drainage, Soils, Arsenic,
Lead(Metal), Ground water, Excavation, Removal,
Waste treatment, "Superfund, Record of Decision,
First Remedial Action, Soil contamination.
PB90-254319/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 3):
Westline, PA. (First Remedial Action) (Amend-
ment), March 1990.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Mar 90,11p EPA/ROD/R03-90/086
See also PB87-183786.
The Westline site is a former chemical plant in the rural
community of Westline, LaFayette Township, McKean
County, Pennsylvania. The Day Chemical Company
deposited tar material containing phenolic compounds
and PAHs into onsite lagoons and into small canals to
allow the tar material to migrate downhill towards the
banks of Kinzua Creek. Although a 1986 Record of De-
cision (ROD) addressed the remediation of an addi-
tional 2,340 tons of tar and soil found in an onsite tar
pit and in some of the interpersed tar deposits along
Kinzua Creek, there was still an estimated 4,000 tons
of tar material left at the site in the areas planned for
excavation. Most of the remaining tar, however, is
three feet below the surface and is not a dermal con-
tact threat. The selected remedial action for the ROD
amendment is no further action.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
'Lagoons(Ponds), Site surveys, Water pollution, Tars,
Phenols, Soils, Removal, Excavation, Kinzua Creek,
Industrial wastes, Monitoring, Aromatic polycyclic hy-
drocarbons, "Superfund, Record of decision, First Re-
medial Action(Amendment), Westline(Pennsylvania),
McClean County(Pennsylvania).
PB90-254335/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Superfund Record of Decision (EPA Region 2):
Roebling Steel, NJ. (First Remedial Action), March
1990.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Mar 90,97p EPA/ROD/R02-90/100
The 200-acre Roebling Steel site Is a former steel wire
and cable manufacturing facility in the village of Roe-
bling, Florence Township, Burlington County, New
Jersey. From 1906 to 1982, the facility was operated
primarily to produce steel products, but in recent years,
portions of the site have been used for various other
industrial operations that have resulted in the onsite
generation, storage, or burial of raw materials and
wastes. From 1987 to 1988, EPA performed a second
removal action. These areas include the remaining
drums and exterior tanks, transformers containing
PCB-contaminated oils, a baghouse dust pile, chemi-
cal piles, tires, and the soil under the water tower in
Roebling Park.
Keywords: 'Earth fills, 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste
disposal, Site surveys, Water pollution, Industrial
wastes, Organic compounds, Acids, Metals, Soils, Re-
moval, Dust. Tires, Incineration, Transformers, Waste
treatment, 'Superfund, 'Record of Decision, First Re-
medial Action, 'Florence Township(New Jersey), Poly-
chlorinated biphenyls.
PB90-254343/HSU	PC A18/MF A03
Information Systems Inventory (ISI). Rept. for May
88-May 89.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Information Resources Management.
May 89,421p* EPA/IRM-89/02
Supersedes PB87-131009.
The document is a Hardcopy version of E.P.A's Infor-
mation Systems Inventory. It provides the names and
telephone numbers of relevant contacts for a particu-
lar system, data base, or model. Several indexes at the
back of the document can help you find information ac-
cording to system name, system acronym, or responsi-
ble planning and implementation office.
Keywords: 'Directories, Information systems, Mathe-
matical models, 'US EPA, 'Environmental pollution,
"Regional analysis. Region 1, Region 2, Region 3,
Region 4, Region 5, Region 6, Region 7, Region 8,
Region 9, Region 10, Federal agencies.
PB90-254988/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Emission Factors for Formaldehyde
from Certain Wood Processing Operations. Final
Report, May-August 1989.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
T. S. White. Jun 90,33p EPA/600/8-90/052
Contract EPA-68-02-4286
See also PB88-118492. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report gives results of a search for information on
formaldehyde emissions from wood veneer oper-
ations, to develop emission factors for the industry.
Formaldehyde releases of 246 kg were reported under
Title III of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthor-
ization Act (SARA) of 1986 from a large plywood plant
in Mississippi. However, existing data found during the
study period were insufficient to allow reliable emission
factors to be calculated.
Keywords: "Formaldehyde, "Air pollution control, In-
dustrial wastes, Plywood, Industrial hygiene, State
government, Performance evaluation, "Emission fac-
tors, "Wood products industry, Standards compliance,
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of
1986.
PB90-255399/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
User's Manual for OZIPM-4. Volume 2. Computer
Code. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jul 89,173p EPA/450/4-89/009B
The document lists the OZIPM-4 program and de-
scribes modifications necessary to run the program on
several different computers.
Keywords: 'Computerized simulation, 'Air pollution
control, "Ozone, Computer programming, Computer
programs, Revisions, Fortran, Software, Photochemi-
cal reactions, Atmospheric chemistry, 'User
manuals(Computer programs), 'Ozone Isopleth Plot-
ting with Optional Mechanisms, 'Volatile organic com-
pounds, Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach, Appli-
cations programs (Computers).
PB90-255407/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
PC Based System for Generating EKMA Input
Files. Final rept
Systems Applications, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
Nov 88,96p EPA/450/4-88/016
Contract EPA-68-02-4352
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
OZIPM-4 is a model which allows the user to estimate
the volatile organic compound (VOC) control require-
ment for a city in order to achieve the national ambient
air quality standard for ozone. The document de-
scribes a PC-based system which assists the user in
creating input files. The software is only available for
an IBM-PC or compatible machine. Files built using the
system can be uploaded to a mainframe computer.
Keywords: "Computerized simulation, "Air pollution
control, 'Ozone, Photochemical reactions, Atmos-
pheric chemistry, Computer programs, Computer pro-
gramming, "User manuals(Computer programs),
Ozone fsopleth Plotting with Optional Mechanisms,
"Volatile organic compounds, IBM-PC computers, Em-
pirical Kinetic Modeling Approach, Air pollution stand-
ards.
PB90-255415/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Consideration of Transported Ozone and Precur-
sors and Their Use In EKMA. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
E. L. Meyer, and K. A. Baugues. Jul 89,106p EPA/
450/4-89/010
The document describes how to account for transport
of ozone or ozone precursors when using the Empiri-
cal Kinetic Modeling Approach (EKMA) or the Urban
Airshed Model (UAM). Appendix A describes how to
apply a Personal Computer (PC) computer program to
determine backtrajectories using surface wind data.
Keywords: "Computerized simulation, "Air pollution
control, "Ozone, Computer programs, Atmospheric dif-
fusion, Wind(Meteorology), Nitrogen oxides, Forecast-
ing, Trajectories, Directional measurement, "Volatile
organic compounds, 'Empirical Kinetic Modeling Ap-
proach, 'Environmental transport, 'Urban Airshed
Model, Air quality data, Path of pollutants, State Imple-
mentation Plans, Air pollution standards.
PB90-255423/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 89.2: Avermectln Bl.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
20 Jul 90,8p EPA/540/FS-90/095
See also PB89-194880.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is issued after one of the
following actions has occurred: (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard, (2) Issuance of each
special review document, (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern, (4) Registration of a new
chemical, or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Insecticides, 'Acaricides,
'Lactones, Regulations, Toxicity, Chemical properties,
Agricultural products, Concentration(Composition),
Public health, Ecology, Utilization, 'Avermectin B sub
1, Path of pollutants, Chemical information fact sheet.
PB90-255431/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pesticide Fact Sheet Number 218: Nlcosulfuron.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
29 Jun 90,12p EPA/540/FS-90/096
See also PB90-239344.
The document contains up-to-date chemical informa-
tion, including a summary of the Agency's regulatory
position and rationale, on a specific pesticide or group
of pesticides. A Fact Sheet is Issued after one of the
following actions has occurred: (1) Issuance or reis-
suance of a registration standard; (2) Issuance of each
special review document; (3) Registration of a signifi-
cantly changed use pattern; (4) Registration of a new
chemical; or (5) An immediate need for information to
resolve controversial issues relating to a specific
chemical or use pattern.
Keywords: 'Herbicides, Hazardous materials, Chemi-
cal properties, Regulations, Toxicology, Ecology, Agri-
cultural products, 'Nicosulfuron, 'Toxic substances,
Science findings, Chemical information fact sheet, Use
patterns, CAS 111991 -09-4.
PB90-255449/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Mobile Incineration: An Analysis of the Industry.
Management Associates, Natick, MA.
30 Jun 89,67p EPA/530/SW-90/076
Contract EPA-68-01 -7053
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Prepared in cooperation with Versar, Inc., Springfield,
VA. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Solid Waste.
The report examines the mobile incineration industry,
including the supply of and demand for mobile inciner-
ation and an assessment of the incineration market. It
was prepared based on a need to examine mobile in-
cineration that became apparent during the Environ-
mental Protection Agency's (EPA) analysis of hazard-
ous waste treatment capacity. EPA wanted to evaluate
whether mobile incinerators can absorb the demand
that other treatment facilities, such as fixed-based in-
cinerators, cannot handle.
Keywords: 'Incinerators, 'Mobile equipment, 'Waste
disposal, 'Hazardous materials, Supply(Economics),
Demand(Economics), Marketing, Economic analysis,
Assessments, Design criteria, Performance evalua-
tion, Operating costs, Maintenance, Superfund, Reme-
dial action, Research and development.
PB90-255662/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Alr/Superfund National Technical Guidance Study
Series. Development of Example Procedures for
Evaluating the Air Impacts of Soil Excavation As-
sociated with Superfund Remedial Actions. Final
rept.
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
G. L. Saunders. Jul 90,80p EPA/450/4-90/014
Contract EPA-68-02-4394
Also pub. as Radian Corp., Austin, TX. rept. no. DCN-
90-203-0B0-61-02. Prepared in cooperation with
Radian Corp., Austin, TX. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The purpose of the project was to identify and define
the computation requirements or estimating the air im-
pacts from the remediation of Superfund sites. Two ex-
ample sites employing soil excavation were selected
because they represent a complex emission source.
The procedures for the evaluation of the ambient im-
pacts were divided into several subtasks. These in-
cluded site characterization, selection of remedial al-
ternatives, definition of remedial activities, estimation
of emission rates for each remedial activity, determina-
tion of ambient concentrations fromdispersion model-
ing, and evaluation of carcinogenic and noncarcino-
genic risks based on dispersion modeling results. The
calculation of emission rates were used to estimate
ambient impacts through dispersion models. The pur-
pose was to outline a set of procedures that could be
used, with existing tools, to assist in the evaluation of
air-pathway effects.
Keywords: 'Soils, 'Excavation, 'Air pollution, Sites,
Estimates, Environmental impacts, Mathematical
models, Concentration(Composition), Dispersing, In-
structions, Waste disposal, Materials handling, Trans-
portation, Carcinogens, Environmental transport,
Tables(Data), Superfund, 'Remedial action, 'Volatile
organic compounds, 'Emission rates, Path of pollut-
ants.
PB90-255670/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Bibliography of Storm and Combined Sewer Pol-
lution Control R and D Program Documents. Rept.
for 1967-90.
Municipal Environmental Research Lab.-Cincinnati,
Edison, NJ. Storm and Combined Sewer Section.
R. Field. Aug 90,37p EPA/600/9-90/032
This is a complete Bibliography of the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency's Storm and Combined
Sewer Overflow Pollution Control Research Program
(SCSP) published documents (reports, proceedings,
and papers) spanning the period from inception (the
1960's) to the present. The purpose of the SCSP is to
develop methods for the management and control of
urban storm-induced pollution. It is intended that this
Bibliography will be updated periodically as new SCSP
documents are published.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, 'Water pollution control,
'Combined sewers, 'Storm sewers, Overflows. Urban
areas, Documents, Meetings, Research Pr°)ects, Re-
search and development, Storm water runoff, Environ-
ment management, US EPA.
1652 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB90-255688/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Costs for Advanced Coal Combustion Technol-
ogies. Final rept.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. A. Martinez, G. C. Snow, and M. Maibodi. Aug 90,
105p EPA/600/7-90/015
Contract EPA-68-02-4286
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of an evaluation of the devel-
opment status of advanced coal combustion technol-
ogies and discusses the preparation of performance
and economic models for their application to electric
utility plants. The technologies addressed were atmos-
pheric fluidized bed combustion (AFBC), pressurized
fluidized bed combustion (PFBC), and integrated gas-
ification combined cycle (IGCC). The development
status was also reviewed for pulverized-coal-fired (PC)
boilers incorporating supercritical steam cycles. Al-
though advanced combustion technologies are attrac-
tive due to decreased S02 and NOx emission charac-
teristics and potentially higher generating efficiencies,
full commercial readiness does not appear feasible
before the mid to late 1990s. Capital cost estimates for
a new plant at 500 MW ranged from $1,250 to $1,910/
kW for advanced technologies and from $1,380 to
$1,810/kW for conventional systems. Capital cost es-
timates for PFBC (turbocharged cycle) and conven-
tional plants with add-on S02 and NOx controls were
within 4% of the median cost ($1,580/kW) of all tech-
nologies evaluated. AFBC costs averaged 12% less
than this median, while IGCC costs averaged 11%
above the median. Potential capital cost savings for
repowering an existing plant versus constructing a new
facility at the same final capacity are between 10 and
40%.
Keywords: 'Air pollution abatement, 'Mathematical
models, 'Economic models, Combustion products,
Design criteria, Performance evaluation, Fluidized bed
processing, Coal gasification, Cost effectiveness, Cap-
italized costs, 'Coal fired power plants, 'Coal combus-
tion, Technology utilization, Combined-cycle power
plants.
PB90-256405/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Guides to Pollution Prevention: The Paint Manu-
facturing Industry.
Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc., Pasadena, CA.
Jun 90, 74p EPA/625/7-90/005
Contract EPA-68-02-4286
See also PB90-192790. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction En-
gineering Lab.
Paint manufacturing facilities generate large quantities
of both hazardous and nonhazardous wastes. These
wastes are: equipment cleaning wastewater and waste
solvent, filter cartridges, off-spec paint, spills, leftover
containers; and pigment dusts from air pollution con-
trol equipment. Reducing the generation of these
wastes at the source, or recycling the wastes on- or
off-site, will benefit paint manufacturers by reducing
raw material needs, reducing disposal costs; and low-
ering the liabilities associated with hazardous waste
disposal. The guide provides an overview of the paint
manufacturing processes and operations that gener-
ate waste and presents options for minimizing the
waste generation through source reduction or recy-
cling.
Keywords: 'Paints, 'Industrial wastes, Guidelines,
Waste treatment, Waste disposal, Air pollution control
equipment, Hazardous materials, Operating, Cleaning
agents, Water pollution control, Process charting,
'Waste management, 'Pollution abatement, Source
reduction, Waste recycling, Case studies, SIC 2851.
PB90-256413/HSU	PC A0S/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Guides to Pollution Prevention: The Printed Cir-
cuit Board Manufacturing Industry.
Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc., Pasadena, CA.
Jun 90,84p EPA/625/7-90/007
Contract EPA-68-02-4286
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The guide identifies and analyzes waste minimization
methodologies appropriate for the printed circuit board
manufacturing industry. The wastes resulting frow
printed circuit board manufacturing are associated with
five types of processes: cleaning and surface prepara-
tion; catalyst application and electroless plating; pat-
tern printing and masking; electroplating; and etching.
The wastes themselves include airborne particulates,
spent acids and alkaline solutions, spent solvents,
spent plating baths, waste rinsewater, and other
wastes. The guide also presents a set of detailed
waste minimization assessment worksheets suitable
for use by shop managers and engineers, or by outside
consultants, to formulate a waste minimization strate-
gy for the particular plant. Finally, case histories of
waste minimization assessments performed at three
plants are given.
Keywords: 'Industrial wastes, 'Printed circuits, Guide-
lines, Waste treatment, Cleaning, Forms(Paper), Haz-
ardous materials, Catalysts, Solvents, Process chart-
ing, Materials handling, Industrial waste treatment,
Water pollution, Electroplating, Etching, Operating, Air
pollution control, Electroless plating, 'Waste manage-
ment, 'Pollution abatement, Source reduction, Case
studies, Waste recycling.
PB90-25642f/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Guides to Pollution Prevention: Selected Hospital
Waste Streams.
Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc., Pasadena, CA.
Jun 90, 52p EPA/625/7-90/009
Contract EPA-68-02-4286
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The hazardous wastes generated by general medical
and surgical hospitals are small in volume relative to
those of industrial facilities; however, the wastes are of
a wide variety. Some of the hazardous materials used
by hospitals that become part of their waste streams
include chemotherapy and antineoplastic chemicals,
solvents, formaldehyde, photographic chemicals, ra-
dionuclides, mercury, waste anesthetic gases; and
other toxic, corrosive and miscellaneous chemicals.
Additional wastes such as infectious waste, incinerator
exhaust, laundry-related waste, utility wastes, and
trash were not addressed in the guide. Reducing the
generation of these materials at the source, or recy-
cling the wastes on- or off-site, will benefit hospitals by
reducing disposal costs and lowering the liabilities as-
sociated with hazardous waste disposal. The guide
provides an overview of hospital waste generating
processes and presents options for minimizing waste
generation through source reduction and recycling.
Keywords: 'Hospitals, 'Hazardous materials. Guide-
lines, Waste disposal, Forms(Paper), Radioactive
wastes, Cleaning, Solvents, Formaldehyde,
Mercury(Metal), Photographic processing chemicals'
Drug therapy, Air pollution, Water pollution, 'Waste
management, 'Pollution abatement, 'Toxic sub-
stances, Source reduction, Waste recycling, Chemical
spills, Case studies.
PB90-256439/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Guides to Pollution Prevention: Research and
Educational Institutions.
Jacobs Engineering Group, Inc., Pasadena, CA
Jun 90, 55p EPA/625/7-90/010
Contract EPA-68-02-4286
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
Research and educational institutions use a broad
spectrum of chemicals in laboratories, art studios print
shops, maintenance, and other operations. While total
waste quantities are small, the variety of wastes is con-
siderable. Reducing the generation of these wastes at
the source, or recycling the wastes on- or off-site, will
benefit research and educational institutions by reduc
ing disposal costs and lowering the liabilities associat'
ea with hazardous waste disposal. The guide provides
an overview of waste generating processes and oper-
ations, and it presents options for minimizing waste
generation through source reduction and recycling.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Universities
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
materials, Management planning, Operating, Cost
analysis, Forms(Paper), Laboratories, Technical
schools, Materials handling, Pesticides, Guidelines,
"Waste management, "Pollution abatement, "Institu-
tional sector, Case Studies, Source reduction, Waste
recycling, Toxic substances, Administrative proce-
dures, Environmental chemical substitutes.
PB90-256777/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Procedures for Applying City-Specific EKMA. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jul 89,119p EPA/450/4-89/012
See also PB90-255415.
OZIPM-4 is a model which allows the user to estimate
the volatile organic compound (VOC) control require-
ment for a city in order to achieve the national ambient
air quality standard for ozone. The manual outlines the
inputs required to run OZIPM-4 and explains how to
develop the needed variables.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Ozone, Computer-
ized simulation, Study estimates. Reaction kinetics,
Urban	areas,	Forecasting,
Concentration(Composition), Nitrogen oxides, Atmos-
pheric chemistry, Chemical bonds, Nomographs, Pho-
tochemical reactions, Meteorology, "User
manuals(Computer programs), 'Volatile organic com-
pounds, "Ozone Isopleth Plotting with Optional Mech-
anisms, "Empirical Kinetic Modeling Approach, Air pol-
lution standards, Chemical reaction mechanisms, En-
vironmental transport.
PB90-256785/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Usar-Frlendly Data Entry Routine for the ESP
Model. Final rept. Jun 88-Sep 89.
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
M. G. Faulkner. Jul 90, 84p EPA/600/8-90/060
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report is a user's manual for an interactive data
entry program that greatly simplifies the creation and
modification of electrostatic precipitator (ESP) model
data files. Routine use of the interactive program, writ-
ten for IBM PC-compatible computers, will eliminate a
major source of error in computing with the EPA/
Southern Research Institute ESP model, which has
very exacting format requirements for the input data
sets. The report describes each step necessary to
create data files. Data files written using the program
on a PC may be transferred to a main frame without
change.
Keywords: "Electrostatic precipitators, "Air pollution
control equipment, Data processing, Mathematical
models, Stationary sources, IBM PC computers, Per-
sonal computers, User manuals(Computer programs).
PB90-257353/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD.
Chesapeake Bay Program.
Perspectives on the Chesapeake Bay, 1990: Ad-
vances In Ettuarlne Sciences.
Chesapeake Research Consortium, Inc., Gloucester
Point, VA.
R. L. Wetzel, C. S. Hopkinson, R. J. Diaz, L. C.
Schaffner, and T. A. Dlllaha. Apr 90,104p CBP/TRS-
41/90
See also PB90-233941. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Annapolis, MD. Chesapeake Bay
Program, and Chesapeake Bay Liaison Office, Annap-
olis, MD.
The publication presents four reviews of scientific and
technical topics relevant to activities of the Chesa-
peake Bay Program. Like the reviews in the first publi-
cation in the series, these topics have broad implica-
tions beyond the immediate scope of the disciplines in-
volved and promise to make contributions to other
areas of research and management. (1) Coastal Eco-
system Models and the Chesapeake Bay Program:
Philosophy, Background, and Status; Efforts to under-
stand problems of living resources and their response
to pollutants Initially focused on the water column and
submerged aquatic vegetation habitats. (2) The Func-
tional Role ol Estuarine Benthos, provide a timely and
current review of the subject. (3) Role of Best Manage-
ment Practices in Restoring the Health of the Chesa-
peake Bay: As the Chesapeake Bay program begins to
address issues related to toxics, difficult decisions will
have to be made, often without the luxury of complete
knowledge of either the problem or the effectiveness
of the proposed solutions which is discussed in the
paper. (4) Developing an Ecological Risk Assessment
Strategy for the Chesapeake Bay. The term 'risk as-
sessment' is one which should become familiar to all
who are interested in a restored Chesapeake Bay.
Keywords: "Chesapeake Bay, "Marine biology, "Estu-
aries, Benthos, Mathematical models, Water pollution
control, Decision making, Aquatic plants, Environmen-
tal impacts, Management planning, Reviews, Coasts,
Flow charts, "Best technology, "Aquatic ecosystems,
Habitats, Toxic substances.
PB90-257767/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Engineering Design Criteria for Sub-Slab Depres-
surizatlon Systems In Low-Permeability Soils.
Final rept. Mar 89-Apr 90.
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
C. S. Fowler, A. D. Williamson, B. E. Pyle, F. E. Belzer,
and R. N. Coker. Aug 90, 94p SRI-ENV-89-911-6411-
070, EPA/600/8-90/063
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report describes the development of engineering
design criteria for the successful design, installation,
and operation of sub-slab depressurization systems,
based on radon (Rn) mitigation experience on 14 slab-
on-grade houses in South Central Florida. The Florida
houses are characterized as being hard to mitigate be-
cause of low sub-slab permeabilities. Premitigation
indoor Rn concentrations ranged from 10 to 100 pCi/
L. Mitigation experience and results have been com-
bined into tables and graphs that can be used to deter-
mine recommended numbers and placement criteria
for suction holes. Fan and exhaust pipe size selection
is assisted by other tabulated and derived information.
Guidance for installation of the sub-slab system to en-
hance the system's operation and effectiveness is
also provided. This guidance is reported in the form of
a design manual for use by mitigators when they are
dealing with houses similar to these.
Keywords: "Design criteria, 'Residential buildings,
"Slab on grade construction, "Soil pressure, "Pressure
reduction, Concrete construction, Permeability, Soil
properties, Concrete slabs, Radon, "Indoor air pollu-
tion, "Soil-structure interactions.
PB90-257775/HSU	PC A11/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Relationship of Laboratory-and Fleid-Determined
Hydraulic Conductivity In Compacted Clay Layer.
Agricultural Research Service, Boise, ID. Northwest
Watershed Research Center.
A. S. Rogowski. Jun 90,229p EPA/600/2-90/025
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
An evaluation of the hydraulic conductivity of a com-
pacted clay liner was conducted on an extensively in-
strumented field-scale research facility. Infiltration and
seepage were measured at 250 evenly spaced points.
Spatial variability of soil, water content, and density
was high even though average values were close to
design specifications. Inflow, outflow, and density
changes were monitored during the one-year ponding
time of the study. Data indicate that both water and
tracer solutes moved considerably faster than expect-
ed, indicating that only a small fraction of total pore
space was active. Although data from soil core sam-
ples and nuclear surface moisture-density probes ade-
quately described spatial distribution of water and den-
sity within the compacted clay, neither water content
nor density was correlated with the spatially distributed
hydraulic conductivity. Both dye and tracer studies
confirmed rapid transport through a network of prefer-
ential flow pathways.
Keywords: 'Clay soils, "Soil properties, "Soli tests,
Percolation, Density, Moisture content, Soil water, Ex-
perimental data, Porosity, Soil compacting, US EPA.
PB90-257783/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Machine Coolant Waste Reduction by Optimizing
Coolant Life. Final rept.
Minnesota Univ.-Duluth.
J. Pallansch. Jul 89, 56p EPA/600/2-90/033
Prepared in cooperation with Minnesota Waste Man-
agement Board, St. Paul, and Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineer-
ing Lab.
Machine shops use coolants to improve the life and
function of machine tools. These coolants become
contaminated with oils with use, and this contamina-
tion can lead to growth of anaerobic bacteria and
shortened coolant Tife. The project investigated meth-
ods to extend coolant life through improved coolant
maintenance, with the goal of reduced volumes of
coolant waste. Skimmers to remove oil from the sur-
face of coolants were found to be cost-effective. Use
of a centrifuge was also tested. Coolant change prac-
tices were documented, and modified for improved
coolant life. A specific coolant with wide applicability
and tolerance was tested and found to have a life of at
least seven months using the documented proce-
dures. The work was performed between October 1,
1986, and April 30,1988, through the Minnesota Tech-
nical Assistance Program and the Minnesota Waste
Management Board.
Keywords: "Machine tools, "Coolants, Machine shops,
Service life, Minnesota, Anaerobic processes, Bacte-
ria, Maintenance, Performance evaluation, Centrifug-
ing, Skimmers, Sampling, "Source reductions, "Waste
management, "Waste utilization.
PB90-257791/HSU	PC A13/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Radon Mitigation Studies: Nashville Demonstra-
tion. Final rept. Sep 87-Mar 90.
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
B. E. Pyle, and A. D. Williamson. Jul 90,283p SRI-
ENV-90-275-6411-10, EPA/600/8-90/061
See also PB88-211925. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The report gives results of an EPA radon mitigation
demonstration project involving 14 houses in the
Nashville, TN, area with indoor radon levels of 5.6-47.6
pCi/L, using a variety of techniques, designed to be
the most cost effective methods possible to imple-
ment, and yet adequately reduce radon levels to < 4
pCi/L. For crawl space houses, the techniques includ-
ed sealing openings between living areas and crawl
spaces and then passively venting the crawl spaces,
depressurizing the crawl spaces, depressurizing under
polyethylene sheeting in the crawl spaces, and de-
pressurizing the crawl space soil itself For basement
and basement/crawl space combination houses, the
techniques included sub-slab pressurization and de-
pressurization, block wall depressurization, and combi-
nations of these techniques with some of those listed
above for exposed soil areas. Post-mitigation worst-
case radon levels in these houses were generally from
< 1 to about 5 pO/L, with one house near 15 pCi/L.
These houses are currently being followed with alpha-
track detectors to assess the long term exposure
levels.
Keywords: "Radon, "Houses, "Air pollution abate-
ment Basements, Design criteria, Ventilation, Leak-
age, Quality assurance, Performance evaluation, Poly-
ethylene, Polymeric films, Alpha particle detectors,
"Mitigation, "Indoor air pollution, Radiation monitoring,
Crawl space houses, Nashville(Tennessee), Subslab
depressurization systems, Soil gases, Long term ef-
fects.
PB90-257B09/HSU	PC A12/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Radon Removal Techniques for Small Community
Public Water Supplies.
New Hampshire Univ., Durham.
N. E. Kinner, J. P. Malley, J. A. Clement, P. A. Quern,
and G. S. Schell. Aug 90,270p EPA/600/2-90/036
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The report presents the results of an evaluation, per-
formed by the University of New Hampshire-Environ-
mental Research Group (ERG), of radon removal in
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
small community water supplies using full-scale granu-
lar activated carbon adsorption, diffused bubble aer-
ation and packed tower aeration. Various low technol-
ogy alternatives, such as loss in a distribution system
and addition of coarse bubble aeration to a pilot-scale
atmospheric storage tank were also evaluated. The
report discusses each of the treatment alternatives
with respect to their radon removal efficiency, potential
problems (i.e., waste disposal, radiation exposure and
intermedia pollution), and economics in small commu-
nity applications. In addition, several sampling meth-
ods, storage times, scintillation cocktails and extrac-
tion procedures currently used in the liquid scintillation
technique for analysis of radon in water were com-
pared.
Keywords: *Radon, "Water supply, 'Water treatment,
Evaluation, Activated carbon treatment, Adsorption,
Aeration, Water distribution, Distribution systems, Ex-
perimental design, Pilot plants, Flow rate, Tempera-
ture, Dissolved gases, Oxygen, Graphs(Charts), Ex-
traction, Storage tanks, Scintillation counters, Cost
analysis, "Small communities, Packed tower aeration,
Pretreatment(Water).
PB90-258294/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Unaddressed NPL Sites. Directive (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response
6 Jul 89,14p EPA/9200.2-01
The directive reiterates the Agency's intention to com-
plete removal assessments at all unaddressed sites by
September 30, 1989, and requests Regions to provide
status reports.
Keywords: "Regulations, "Waste disposal, Site sur-
veys, Hazardous materials, "Superfund, "Office of
bolid Waste and Emergency Response, "National Pri-
orities List, EPA regions.
PB90-258302/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Accelerated Response at NPL Sites Guidance (Su-
perfund Management Review: Recommendation
No. 22). Directive (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
15 Dec 89,19p EPA/9200.2-02
The directive communicates Agency guidance on ac-
celerating responses at National Priorities List (NPS)
sites.
Keywords: "Regulations, Waste disposal, Project man-
agement, Site surveys, "Superfund, "Preremedial
action, "Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Re-
sponse, "National Priorities List, Waste management.
PB90-258310/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
SI/HRS Information Bulletin. Directive (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Apr 89,14p EPA/9200.5-302
The directive is designed to inform those persons in-
volved in the Supertund pre-remedial process of possi-
ble data collection changes brought about by the pro-
posed revisions to the Hazard Ranking System (HRS).
The document is designed to assist Regional pre-re-
medial staff, State offices functioning under coopera-
tive agreements, other Federal agencies, and contrac-
tors in conducting data collection activities during the
interim period between proposal and promulgation of
the revised HRS.
Keywords: "Regulations, Air pollution, Hazardous ma-
terials, Data acquisition, Site surveys, Ground water,
Potable water, Food chains, "Superfund, "Preremedial
action, "Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Re-
sponse, "Hazard Ranking System, EPA regions, Envi-
ronmental exposure pathways.
PB90-258328/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
CERCLIS Data Handling Support Policy State-
ment. Directive (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 May 90, 5p EPA/9221.0-02A
The directive updates the policy statement published
on March 31,1986, regarding management of the data
handling support contract for CERCLIS. The update
contains no major changes in policy, but rather pre-
sents the information in accordance with the current
document management standards.
Keywords: "Regulations, "Project management, "Doc-
umentation, "Contract administration, Policies, "Su-
perfund, "Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Re-
sponse.
PB90-258336/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Model Performance Standards for Superfund
Project Officers, Deputy Project Officers, and
Work Assignment Managers/Delivery Order Offi-
cers. Directive (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
26 Sep 88, 19p EPA/9242.5-02
The directive provides model performance standards
and suggested weightings to be used by Regions in
developing individual performance requirements for
personnel serving in Superfund contract management
positions.
Keywords: "Regulations, "Project management, "Per-
formance standards, "Contract administration, Per-
sonnel, "Superfund, "Office of Solid Waste and Emer-
gency Response, EPA regions.
PB90-2S8344/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
OSWER Integrated Health and Safety Policy. Di-
rective (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
16 Aug 88, 35p EPA/9285.0-01
The policy articulates the requirement for all EPA em-
ployees to comply with Occupational Health and
Safety Administration (OSHA) as well as EPA Health
and Safety Directives. The 27-page manual outlines
the conditions of this policy and the roles and respon-
sibilities of EPA employees in meeting them. The
policy applies to all Office of Solid Waste and Emer-
gency Response (OSWER) employees engaged in
hazardous substances response activities.
Keywords: "Regulations, "Project management,
Employees(Civil Service), Hazardous materials, Poli-
cies, Protective clothing, Education, Medical services,
"Occupational safety and health, "Superfund, "Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, "Environ-
mental Protection Agency.
PB90-258351/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
OSWER Strategy for Management Oversight of
the CERCLA Remedial Action Start Mandate. Di-
rective (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
28 Dec 87, 18p EPA/9355.0-24
The directive establishes a process for managing
EPA's efforts to achieve the CERCLA 116(e) statutory
mandate for Remedial Action (RA) starts. Expecta-
tions for each Region's contribution toward this end
are set, and guidance is provided to enhance EPA's
ability to meet these requirements.
Keywords: "Regulations, "Project management, Su-
pervision, Site surveys, "Superfund, "Remedial action,
"Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
EPA regions.
PB90-258369/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Scoper's Notes: An RI/FS Costing Guide. Bringing
in a Quality RI/FS on Time and Within Budget.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Feb 90, 29p EPA/540/G-90/002
The guide outlines the tasks and sub-tasks typically
conducted as part of a Remedial Investigation/Feasi-
bility Study (RI/FS), and presents a strate gy based on
site complexity and task difficulty for estimating a
project's cost, ft provides cost guidelines which can be
used to estimate funding needs in advance of issuing
work assignments and evaluating contractor propos-
als.
Keywords: "Guidelines, 'Cost estimates. Management
planning, Site surveys, Budget estimates, Data proc-
essing, Sampling, Law enforcement, Quality assur-
ance, "Remedial action, "Superfund, "Waste manage-
ment, Feasibility studies, Comprehensive planning,
Risk assessment, Work load.
PB90-258427/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
American Combustion Pyretron Destruction
System. Applications Analysis Report
Acurex Corp., Jefferson, AR.
Jun 89,54p EPA/ 540/A5-89/008
Contract EPA-68-03-3267
See also PB89-167894. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction En-
gineering Lab.
The report analyzes American Combustion's Pyretron
oxygen enhanced burner system. The report dis-
cusses information on the economical advantages of
this type of incineration for use in assessments at un-
controlled hazardous waste sites.
Keywords: "Incinerators, "Waste disposal, "Hazard-
ous materials, "Kilns, Capacity, Load management,
Combustion efficiency, Performance evaluation,
Concentration(Composition), Design criteria, Econom-
ic analysis, Air pollution control equipment, Burners,
Afterburners, Scrubbers, "Superfund program, "Re-
medial action, Air pollution sampling. Land pollution
abatement, Environmental research.
PB90-258476/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Analysis of Treatability Data for Soil and Debris:
Evaluation of Land Ban Impact on Use of Super-
fund Treatment Technologies. Directive.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
30 Nov 89,25p EPA/9380.3-04
The directive summarizes the effectiveness of treat-
ment technologies for contaminated soil and debris
and provides support for decisions by the Regions to
use treatability variances for complying with the RCRA
Land Ban Disposal Restrictions.
Keywords: "Regulations, Hazardous materials, Waste
disposal, Tables(Data), "Superfund, "Remedial action,
•Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
"Soil contamination, 'Land Disposal Restrictions, EPA
regions.
PB90-258484/HSU	PC A17/MF A02
ROD Annual Report, FY 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Apr 90,379p EPA/540/8-89/006
See also report for FY88, PB89-235212.
Provides the Regions and Headquarters with summary
data on FY 89 Records of Decision (RODs), and con-
sists of the following sections: Introduction - highlights
specific accomplishments in the ROD process; ROD
Summaries ~ describes site conditions and key con-
taminants, selected remedial actions, specific remedy
performance standards and goals, and institutional
controls for each FY 89 ROD; FY 89 ROD Summary
Table - summarizes all remedial actions, capital oper-
ation and maintenance costs, and contaminated
media; FY 82-FY 88 ROD Summary Table - summa-
rizes all RODs from FY 82 through FY 88; ROD Key-
word List - provides major keyword categories and
their subcategories for all RODs approved to date.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
'Waste treatment, Sites, Project management, At>
stracts, Tables(Data), Performance standards, Urban
areas, Decontamination, Solidification, Stabilization
Extraction, Biodeterioration, Aeration, Capitalized
costs, Operating costs, Water pollution, States(United
States), 'Superfund, 'Remedial action, 'Record of de-
cision, Incineration, Land disposal, Technology utiliza-
tion, Cleanup operations.
PB90-258492/HSU	PC A99/MF A04
Report to Congress on Special Wastes from Min-
eral Processing: Summary and Fundings, Method
and Analyses Appendices.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. DC
Office of Solid Waste.
Jul 90,844p EPA/530/ SW-90/070C
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The report addresses the following 8 study factors re-
quired by Section 8002(p) of RCRA for the 20 mineral
processing wastes: (1) the sources and volumes of
such materials generated per year; (2) present dispos-
al and utilization practices; (3) potential danger to
human health and the environment from the disposal
and reuse of such materials; (4) documented cases in
which danger to human health or the environment has
been proven; (5) alternatives to current disposal meth-
ods; (6) the costs of such alternatives; and (7) the im-
pacts of these alternatives on the use of phosphate
rock, uranium ore, and other natural resources; and (8)
the current and potential utilization of such materials.
Keywords: "Mineral industry, "Waste processing,
"Waste disposal, Management, Public health, Haz-
ards, Economic impact, National government, Regula-
tions, State government, Iron alloys, Hydrofluoric acid,
Lead(Metal), Magnesium, Production, Phosphorus,
Cost analysis, Risk, Waste management, "Mineral
wastes, Alternative planning, Case studies.
PB90-258518/HSU	PC A13/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Effect of Recycling Thermophilic Sludge on the
Activated Sludge Process. Rept. for Oct 84-Jun 89.
Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater
Chicago, IL.
T. B. S. Prakasam, S. Soszynski, D. R. Zenz, C, Lue-
Hing, and L. Blyth. 1990, 278p EPA/600/2-90/037
Grant EPA-R-811925
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
A full-scale investigation was undertaken at Chicago's
Hanover Park Water Reclamation Plant (WRP) to
study whether the net sludge production from the WRP
could be reduced by implementing a scheme devel-
oped by W. Torpey et al. (1984). In this process, sludge
is withdrawn from a thermophilic digester operated in
series with a mesophilic digester and partially recycled
into the aeration tanks of the activated sludge system.
The Hanover Park WRP, which has a design flow ca-
pacity of 45,420 million cu m per day (12 mgd), was
split into a control section and an experimental sec-
tion. The two sections were operated similarly except
the thermophilic drawoff was recycled into the aeration
tanks of the experimental section from a digester
system consisting of mesophilic and thermophilic di-
gesters operated in series. A reduction in net sludge
production of about 10 percent was achieved at 40
percent recycle of thermophilic sludge into the aer-
ation tanks at the Hanover Park WRP. This was a
much smaller reduction than obtained by Torpey et al.
Sludge dewatering properties were not improved. The
recycling produced no adverse effects on quality of the
treated wastewater.
Keywords: "Activated sludge process, "Sludge diges-
tion, Sewage treatment, Thermophiles, Aeration, Oxi-
dation, High temperature tests, Substitutes, Dewater-
ing, Performance evaluation, "Waste recycling, "Bio-
logical treatment, Biotechnology, Mesophilic condi-
tions.
PB90-258880/HSU	PC A18/MF A03
Water Resources Data for Puerto Rico and the
U.S. Virgins Islands, Water Year 1989. Water-data
rept. (Annual) 1 Oct 88-30 Sep 89.
Geological Survey, San Juan, PR. Water Resources
Div.
R. E. Curtis, Z. Aquino, P. L. Diaz, and R. J. Vachler.
Feb 90,424p USGS/WRD/HD-90/242, USGS/WDR/
PR-89/1
See also report for 1988, PB90-140310. Errata sheet
inserted. Prepared in cooperation with Government of
the Virgin Islands of the United States, Charlotte
Amalie, St. Thomas.
Water-resources data for surface-water, quality-of-
water, and ground-water records for the 1989 water
year for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, con-
sists of records of discharge, water quality of streams,
and water levels of wells. The report contains dis-
charge records for 60 streamflow-gagino stations; 91
partial-record or miscellaneous streamflow stations;
stage records for 7 reservoirs; 1 crest-stage, partial-
record streamflow stations; water quality records for
16 streamflow-gaging stations, 42 ungaged stream-
sites, 11 lake sites, 2 lagoons, and 1 bay; and water-
level records for 76 observation wells. These data rep-
resent that part of the National Water Data System col-
lected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating
local and federal agencies in Puerto Rico and the U.S.
Virgin Islands.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Surface waters, "Puerto
Rico, "US Virgin Islands, Water pollution, Stream flow,
Flow rate. Lakes, Streams, Reservoirs, Water table,
Temperature, Tables(Data), "Water quality data, Hy-
drologic data, Discharge(Water), Water levels.
PB90-259052/HSU	PC A23
Draft Environmental Impact Statement and Tech-
nical Appendixes: Durham-Eno River, North Caro-
lina Wastewater Treatment Plant and Service
Area. Rept. for 1987-89.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Sep 89,544p EPA/904/9-89/001 A, EPA/904/9-89/
001B
See also PB88-100508. Prepared in cooperation with
North Carolina Dept. of Natural Resources and Com-
munity Development, Raleigh. Div. of Environmental
Management.
The Draft EIS addressed wastewater facilities and
management options for the City of Durham, North
Carolina. Numerous wastewater management alterna-
tives have been evaluated with particular attention to
water quality in the area's surface water and the im-
pacts of projected population growth on the natural
and human resources of Durham and the surrounding
area.
Keywords: "Environmental impact statements-Draft,
"Water quality management. Maps, Archaeology,
Land use, Substitutes, Management planning, Ecolo-
gy, Surface waters, Ground water, Watersheds, Na-
tional government, State government, Durham River,
Eno River, Sewage disposal, Recreational facilities.
Population growth, Cost analysis, "Sewage treatment
plants, Compliance, Durham(North Carolina), Cultural
resources, Historical aspects, Regional analysis.
PB90-259714/HSU	PC E99/MF E99
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
BACT/LAER Clearinghouse: A Compilation of
Control Technology Determinations.
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
Jun90,1630p-in4v"
Set includes PB90-259722 through PB90-259755.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
No abstract available.
PB90-259722/HSU	PC A10/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
BACT/LAER Clearinghouse: A Compilation of
Control Technology Determinations. Volume 1.
Report Summary and Appendices A-Q. Final rept.
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
J. Steigerwald. Jun 90,220p* EPA/450/3-90/015A
Contract EPA-68-02-4394
See also Volume 2, PB90-259730 and PB85-229664.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-259714.
The Clean Air Act as amended in 1977 prescribes sev-
eral technology-based limitations affecting new or
modified air pollution sources: (1) new source perform-
ance standards (NSPS); (2) best available control
technology (BACT); and (3) lowest achievable emis-
sion rate (LAER). The basic purposes of the BACT/
LAER Clearinghouse are to: (1) provide State and local
air pollution control agencies with current Information
on case-by-case control technology determinations
that are made nationwide and (2) promote communi-
cation, cooperation, and sharing of control technology
information among the permitting agencies. The infor-
mation presented in this compilation was abstracted
from preconstructlon permits and submitted voluntarily
by the State and local air pollution control agencies.
The Clearinghouse is intended as a reference for State
and local agencies in making BACT/LAER decisions.
Since the 1985 BLC document was published in June
of that year, annual supplements containing only those
determinations inserted or revised during trie previous
12 months were published. A master edition containing
all new/revised determinations completed during the
past 5 years was planned to be published every 5
years. The report is the 5 year compilation containing
all determinations inserted or updated since June
1985. The volume covers background information and
improvements of the system as well as appendices A-
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Air pollution control
equipment, State government, Local government, De-
cision making, Management planning. Revisions, Re-
views, Forecasting, Tables(Data), Directories, Per-
formance standards, "Best technology, "New source
performance standards, "Lowest achievable emission
rate, Air pollution standards, Technology transfer, Per-
mits, Standards compliance, Clean Air Act, Pollution
sources, Source classification codes.
PB90-259730/HSU	PC A17/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
BACT/LAER Clearinghouse: A Compilation of
Control Technology Determinations. Volume 2.
Appendix H, Source Codes 1-3. Final rept.
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
J. Steigerwald. Jun 90,384p* EPA/450/3-90/015B
Contract EPA-68-02-4394
See also Volume 1, PB90-259722 and Volume 3,
PB90-259748 and PB85-229672. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-259714.
The Clean Air Act as amended in 1977 prescribes sev-
eral technology-based limitations affecting new or
modified air pollution sources: (1) new source perform-
ance standards (NSPS); (2) best avajlable control
technology (BACT); and (3) lowest achievable emis-
sion rate (LAER). The basic purposes of the BACT/
LAER Clearinghouse are to: (1) provide State and local
air pollution control agencies with current information
on case-by-case control technology determinations
that are made nationwide and (2) promote communi-
cation, cooperation, and sharing of control technology
information among the permitting agencies. The infor-
mation presented in the compilation was abstracted
from preconstruction permits and submitted voluntanly
by the State and local air pollution control agencies.
The Clearinghouse is intended as a reference for State
and local agencies in making BACT/LAER decisions.
Since the 1985 BLC document was published in June
of that year, annual supplements containing only those
determinations inserted or revised during the previous
12 months were published. A master edition containing
all new/revised determinations completed during the
past 5 years was planned to be published every 5
yews. The report is the 5 year compilation containing
all determinations inserted or updated since June
1985. The volume contains appendice H which dis-
cusses detailed source listings for new determinations
Source codes 1 -3.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Air pollution control
equipment, State government, Local government, De-
cision making, Management planning, Revisions, Re-
views, Forecasting, Tables(Data), Performance stand-
ards, "Best technology, "New source performance
standards, "Lowest achievable emission rate, Air pol-
lution standards, Technology transfer, Permits, Stand-
ards compliance, Clean Air Act, Pollution sources,
Source classification codes.
PB90-259748/HSU	PC A23/MF A03
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
BACT/LAER Clearinghouse: A Compilation of
Control Technology Determinations. Volume 3.
Appendix H, Source Codes 4 to 6. Final rept.
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
J. Speigerwald. Jun 90,541 p* EPA/540/3-90/015C
Contract EPA-68-02-4394
See also Volume 2, PB90-259730 and Volume 4,
PB90-259755 and PB85-229680. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99/MF E99
PB90-259714.
The Clean Air Act as amended in 1977 prescribes sev-
eral technology-based limitations affecting new or
modified air pollution sources: (1) new source perform-
ance standards (NSPS); (2) best available control
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
technology (BACT); and (3) lowest achievable emis-
sion rate (LAER). The basic purposes of the BACT/
LAER Clearinghouse are to: (1) provide State and local
air pollution control agencies with current information
on case-by-case control technology determinations
that are made nationwide and (2) promote communi-
cation, cooperation, and sharing of control technology
information among the permitting agencies. The infor-
mation presented in this compilation was abstracted
from preconstruction permits and submitted voluntarily
by the State and local air pollution control agencies.
The Clearinghouse is intended as a reference for State
and local agencies in making BACT/LAER decisions.
Since the 1985 BLC document was published in June
of that year, annual supplements containing only those
determinations inserted or revised during the previous
12 months were published. A master edition containing
all new/revised determinations completed during the
past 5 years was planned to be published every 5
years. The report is the 5 year compilation containing
all determinations inserted or updated since June
1985. The volume is a continuation of appendice H
which discusses detailed listings for new determina-
tions Source codes 4-7.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, * Air pollution control
equipment, State government, Local government, De-
cision making, Management planning, Revisions, Re-
views, Forecasting, Tables(Data), Performance stand-
ards, "Best technology, *New source performance
standards, 'Lowest achievable emission rate, Air pol-
lution standards, Technology transfer. Permits, Stand-
ards compliance, Clean Air Act, Pollution sources,
Source classification codes.
PB90-259755/HSU	PC A21/MF A03
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
BACT/LAER Clearinghouse: A Compilation of
Control Technology Determinations. Volume 4.
Appendix H, Source Codes 7 to 12. Final rept.
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
J. Steigerwald. Jun 90,485p* EPA/450/3-90/015D
Contract EPA-68-02-4394
See also Volume 3, PB90-259748 and PB85-229698.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
Also available in set of 4 reports PC E99/MF E99,
PB90-259714.
The Clean Air Act as amended in 1977 prescribes sev-
eral technology-based limitations affecting new or
modified air pollution sources: (1) new source perform-
ance standards (NSPS); (2) best available control
technology (BACT); and (3) lowest achievable emis-
sion rate (LAER). The basic purposes of the BACT/
LAER Clearinghouse are to: (1) provide State and local
air pollution control agencies with current information
on case-by-case control technology determinations
that are made nationwide and (2) promote communi-
cation, cooperation, and sharing of control technology
information among the permitting agencies. The infor-
mation presented in this compilation was abstracted
from preconstruction permits and submitted voluntarily
by the State and local air pollution control agencies.
The Clearinghouse is intended as a reference for State
and local agencies in making BACT/LAER decisions.
Since the 1985 BLC document was published in June
of that year, annual supplements containing only those
determinations inserted or revised during the previous
12 months were published. A master edition containing
all new/revised determinations completed during the
past 5 years was planned to be published every 5
years. The report is the 5 year compilation containing
all determinations inserted or updated since June
1985. The volume is a continuation of appendice H
which discusses detailed source listings for new deter-
minations Source codes 8-12.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Air pollution control
equipment, State government, Local government, De-
cision making, Management planning, Revisions, Re-
views, Forecasting, Tables(Data), Performance stand-
ards, "Best technology, "New source performance
standards, "Lowest achievable emission rate, Air pol-
lution standards, Technology transfer, Permits, Stand-
ards compliance, Clean Air Act, Pollution sources,
Source classification codes.
PB90-259789/HSU
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Commercial Treatment/Recovery Capacity Data
Set.
ICF, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
May 90, 124p EPA/530/SW-90/078
See also PB89-220545. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Solid
Waste.
The commercial treatment and recovery capacity data
base consists of data sets on incineration/reuse as
fuel and on other treatment systems. The original data
set used for the proposed rule was generated by
review and engineering evaluation of TSDR survey re-
sponses, transfer of data in the questionnaires to com-
puter data entry sheets, entering of data in a PC data
base, and final consolidation of all facility capacities to
arrive at national totals.
Keywords: "Industrial waste treatment, "Hazardous
materials, "Incinerators, Fuels, Recovery, Volume, Fa-
cilities, Liquids, Sludge disposal. Availability,
Tables(Data), Waste recycling, Listings.
PB90-259821/HSU	PC A13/MF A02
Drinking Water Health Advisories for 15 Volatile
Organic Chemicals.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Jul 90,283p
Health Advisories (HAs) were prepared for 15 Volatile
Organic Chemicals. These include: trichlorofluoro-
methane, dichlorodifluoromethane, o-chlorotoluene,
p-chlorotoluene, 1,2,3-trichloropropane, 1,1,1,2-te-
trachloroethane, hexachlorobutadiene, 1,2,4-trichloro-
benzene, 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene, naphthalene, bis-(2-
chloroisopropyl) ether, 1,1,2-trichloro ethane, bromo-
methane, chloromethane and bromochloromethane.
The HAs provide technical guidance on health effects,
analytical methods and treatment technologies for
drinking water contaminants. The HAs describe non-
regulatory concentrations of drinking water contami-
nants that are considered protective of adverse health
effects for different durations of exposure. They are
subject to change as new information becomes avail-
able.
Keywords: "Public health, "Water pollution, Toxicity,
Potable water, Concentration(Composition), Humans,
Exposure, Chemical analysis, Inhalation,
Ingestion(Physiology), Chlorine organic compounds,
Cycloalkane hydrocarbons, Dosage, Carcinogens,
Time, "Drinking water, Health Advisory program,
"Volatile organic compounds, Risk assessment.
PB90-259847/HSU	PC A14/MF A02
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Application of Open-Tubular Columns to SW-646
GC Methods. Final rept.
Mid-Pacific Environmental Lab., Mountain View, CA.
V. Lopez-Avila, E. Baldin, J. Benedicto, and J. Milanes.
Aug 90,301 p EPA/600/4-90/021
Contract EPA-68-03-3511
See also PB89-148076. Sponsored by Environmental
Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
A gas chromatographic method was developed and
evaluated in a single laboratory for the determination
of several groups of pollutants. The method specifies
the use of an injection tee leading to two dissimilar
fused-silica open-tubular columns connected to two
identical detectors. This approach, when compared to
packed columns, results in improved resolution, in-
creased sensitivity, and faster (by a factor of two) anal-
yses. The six groups of target analytes are: phenols,
organochlorine pesticides, nitroaromatics, haloethers,
chlorinated hydrocarbons, and organophosphorous
pesticides.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Solid wastes, "Test
methods, "Chromatographic analysis, Performance
evaluation, Gas chromatography, Calibrating, Phenols,
Chlorohydrocarbons, Phosphorus organic com-
pounds, Nitrogen organic compounds, Sensitivity, Aro-
matic compounds, Pesticides, Resolution, Open tubu-
lar columns.
PB90-25A854/HSU	PC A17/MF A03
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Minimization and Control of Hazardous Combus-
tion Byproducts. Research rept. Feb 89-Feb 90.
Dayton Univ., OH. Research Inst.
B. Dellinger, P. H. Taylor, and D. A. Tirey. Aug 90,399p
EPA/600/S2-90/039
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The report describes the results of a research effort in
which all relevant information regarding the minimiza-
tion and control of hazardous combustion byproducts
(Products of Incomplete Combustion, PICs) that result
from operations in which hazardous waste is thermally
destroyed (e.g., in incinerators, boilers and kilns) is
summarized, analyzed and thoroughly described. The
research was conducted cooperatively by the Universi-
ty of Dayton Research Institute (UDRI) and the EPA
Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory (RREL) under
Cooperative Agreement CR813938-01-1. The report
covers a period from February 1989 to February 1990.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Combustion effi-
ciency, "Waste disposal, "Air pollution control. "Air
pollution abatement, "Pyrolysis, Combustion products,
Boilers, Design criteria, Performance standards, Oper-
ating,	Kilns,	Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), "Thermal utilization, Air
pollution sampling, Incineration, Chemical reaction
mechanisms.
PB90-259862/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Tobacco Smoke: A Guide to Work-
place Smoking Policies. Public Review Draft.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Air and Radiation.
25 Jun 90, 80p EPA/400/6-90/004
Prepared in cooperation with National Cancer Inst.,
Bethesda, MD.
The publication is designed to help the non-expert un-
derstand the technical basis for smoking restrictions
and to provide guidelines for implementing them. It ex-
plains the physical and chemical nature of Environ-
mental Tobacco Smoke (ETS), how ETS exposure
occurs, how it is measured, and the health effects of
exposure. It examines passive smoking in the work-
place and other sites, and examines legislative, legal,
financial, educational and labor concerns. It includes
different strategies for reducing exposure to smoking
at the workplace along with the case studies of policies
that have been successfully implemented. Finally It
contains a list of resources for those interested in addi-
tional information.
Keywords: "Smoking, "Tobacco, "Policies, Exposure,
Guidelines, Risk, "Indoor air pollution, 'Occupational
safety and health, "Passive smoking, Toxic sub-
stances, Health hazards.
PB90-259870/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Analysis of Air Toxics Emissions, Exposures.
Cancer Risks and Controllability in Five Urban
Areas. Volume 2. Controllability Analysis and Re-
sults.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
J. Wilson, B. Coleman, E. Laich, and R. Powell. Apr 90
107p EPA/450/2-89/012B	'
See also PB89-207161. Prepared in cooperation with
Pechan (E.H.) and Associates, Inc., Springfield, VA.
The report (Volume 2) is the second phase of a study
to define the urban air toxics problem and to discern
what combination of control measures can best be
employed to mitigate the problem. Volume 1 of the
study documented the base year analysis (nominally
the year 1980), involving dispersion modeling of emis-
sions data for 25 carcinogenic air toxics in five U S
urban areas and a subsequent assessment of estimat-
ed aggregate cancer incidence. The Volume 2 report
applies various control strategies and analyzes the re-
sulting reduction in aggregate cancer incidence that
would occur between 1980 and 1B95. Control scenar-
ios consisted of (1) efforts that were currently under-
way to reduce air toxics emissions at the time of the
study, (2) efforts that were expected to occur by 1995
mainly national standards that were under develop!
ment, and (3) a series of selected more rigorous con-
trols.
Keywords: "Urban areas, "Hazardous materials "Air
pollution control, Industrial wastes, Malignant neo-
plasms. Exhaust gases, Public health, Aromatic poly-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
cyclic hydrocarbons, Standards, Models, Chlorohydro-
carbons, Butadienes, Formaldehydes, Risk, Volatile
organic compounds, Air pollution effects(Humans).
PB90-259888/HSU
PC A04/MF A01
Idaho Radionuclide Study (Radionuclide Expo-
sure Study, Pocatello and Soda Springs, Idaho).
Office of Radiation Programs, Las Vegas, NV.
Apr 90, 57p EPA/520/6-90/008
See also DE86002573.
The report gives the results of a radionuclide exposure
study conducted by EPA in southeastern Idaho to esti-
mate the radiation dose resulting from the elemental
phosphorus industry. The dispersion of radionuclides
through the environs of Pocatello and Soda Springs,
Idaho were investigated together with the relative im-
portance of their sources and pathways affecting the
populations of both towns and the magnitude of the at-
tendant risks. Gamma ray exposures to the popula-
tions of Soda Springs and Pocatello, with the attendant
risks, and the corresponding values for average and
maximally exposed individuals in both communities are
listed.
Keywords: 'Radiation hazards, "Phosphate rocks,
"Environmental exposure pathway, "Humans, "Air pol-
lution, Fertilizer industry, Polonium 210, Dosage, Risk,
Slags, Pavements, Gamma rays, Pocatello(ldaho),
Soda Springs(ldaho).
PB90-2S9896/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Cadlum: Position Document 4. Intent to Cancel
Registrations of Pesticide Products Containing
Cadmium: Denial of Applications for Registration
of Pesticide Products Containing Cadmium; Con-
clusion of Special Review.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Oct 86,42p EPA/540/09-90/098
See also PB87-181376.
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment. EPA initiated a Special
Review of all pesticide products that contain cadmium
compounds (salts of chloride, sebacate, succinate,
carbonate and anilino cadmium dilactate) as active in-
gredients and that are registered for use on turf of golf
courses and home lawns. EPA issued a Preliminary
Determination (PD 2/3) proposing to cancel registra-
tions and deny applications for all uses of cadmium
products on turf sites.
Keywords: "Cadmium, "Toxicology, "Pesticides, "En-
vironmental surveys, Ecology, Manufacturing, Labora-
tory animals, Regulations, Registration,
Reproduction(Biology), Kidney, "Toxic substances,
Carcinogenicity tests, Health hazards, Path of pollut-
ants, Teratogens, Occupational exposure.
PB90-259904/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Aldicarb: Position Document 1. Special Review of
Pesticide Products Containing Aldicarb.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jul 84,17p EPA/540/09-90/099
See also PB88-236856.
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment. The Notice announces that
EPA is initiating a Special Review of all pesticide prod-
ucts containing the active ingredient aldicarb (2-
methyl-2-(methylthio)propionaldehyde-o-
(methylcarbamoyl)oxlme). EPA has determined that al-
dicarb's use, which had led to contamination of ground
water, may pose a substantial question of safety to
man or the environment.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Pesticides, "Environmental
surveys, Ecology, Ground water, Regulations, Regis-
tration, Potable water, "Toxic substances, "Aldicarb,
Health hazards, Path of pollutants, Soil contamination,
Environmental persistence.
PB90-259912/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Damlnozide: Technical Support Document. Spe-
cial Review; Preliminary Determination to Cancel
the Food Uses of Damlnozide.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
May 89,116p EPA/540/09-90/100
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment. The document contains the
Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) evaluation
of the risks and benefits of the plant growth regulator
daminozide and the basis for the Agency's proposed
cancellation of the food uses of daminozide.
Keywords: "Fruit crops, "Toxicology, "Pesticides, "En-
vironmental surveys, "Food contamination, Ecology,
Manufacturing, Laboratory animals, Regulations, Ex-
posure, "Toxic substances, "Daminozide, Carcinogen-
icity tests, Health hazards, Path of pollutants, Struc-
ture-activity relationship, Risk assessment.
PB90-259920/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Triallate: Decision Document.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Nov 80,45p EPA/540/09-90/101
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment. Triallate is a pre-emergent
selective herbicide used to control wild oats in small
grains (barley and wheat) and in field crops (lentils and
peas). The document reports the results of the Agen-
cy's review of currently available evidence concerning
the potential effects of triallate.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Pesticides, "Environmental
surveys. Ecology, Manufacturing, Laboratory animals,
Regulations,	Registration,	Humans,
Tolerances(Physiology), Nervous system, Metabolism,
Plants(Botany), Food contamination, "Toxic sub-
stances, "Triallate, "Record of Decision, Carcinogen-
icity tests. Health hazards. Path of pollutants, Environ-
mental persistence, Mutagenicity tests, Teratogens,
Soil contamination.
PB90-259938/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Kepone: Position Document 1.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
30 Jan 76,18p EPA/540/09-90/103
See also PB90-260415 and PB80-216773.
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Pesticides, 'Environmental
surveys, Ecology, Manufacturing, Laboratory animals,
Regulations, Lethal dosage, Air pollution, Water pollu-
tion, Reproduction(Biology), Nervous system, "Toxic
substances, "Kepone, Carcinogenicity tests, Health
hazards, Path of pollutants, Environmental exposure
pathways, Soil contamination, Endangered species.
PB90-260415/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Chlordecone (Kepone): Position Document 4.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Mar 76,16p EPA/540/09-90/104
See also PB90-259938.
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Environmental surveys, Ecol-
ogy, Manufacturing, Regulations, Waste disposal,
Registration, Packaging, "Toxic substances, "Kepone,
Carcinogenicity tests, Health hazards, Path of pollut-
ants.
PB90-260423/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Dlazinon: Position Document 1/2/3. Notice of
Special Review and Preliminary Determination to
Cancel Registration and Deny Applications for
Certain Uses of Dlazinon; Notice of Availability of
Support Document.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1990,12p EPA/540/09-90/112
See also report for 1986, PB87-101853.
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment. The notice announces
EPA's initiation of a Special Review and preliminary
determination to cancel registration and deny applica-
tion for certain uses of the pesticide chemical diazinon
based on the risks posed to avian species by use of
diazinon on golf courses and turf farms.
Keywords: "Diazinon, "Toxicology, "Pesticides, "Envi-
ronmental surveys, Ecology, Regulations, Registra-
tion, Birds, Wildlife, Marking, 'Toxic substances.
Health hazards, Path of pollutants.
PBB0-260431/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Dicofol: Position Document 4. Intent to Cancel
Registrations of Pesticide Products Containing
Dicofol; Denial of Applications for Registration of
Pesticide Products Containing Dicofol; Conclu-
sion of Special Review; Notice of Final Determina-
tion.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
29 May 86,21 p EPA/540/09-90/113
See also PB85-134153.
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment. The notice announces
EPA's final decision to cancel registrations and deny
applications of all pesticide products containing dicofol
unless certain modifications are made to the pesticide
product registrations.
Keywords: "Toxicology, "Pesticides, "Environmental
surveys, "Ecology, Manufacturing, Laboratory animals.
Regulations, Registration, Legislation. Birds, Wildlife,
Fisnes, Fruit crops, Packaging, "Toxic substances,
"Dicofol, Carcinogenicity tests, Health hazards. Path
of pollutants. Endangered species, Mutagenicity tests.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-260449/HSU	PC A13/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
EPA Mobile Incineration System Modifications,
Testing and Operations, February 1986 to June
1989.
Foster Wheeler Enviresponse, Inc., Edison, NJ.
J. P. Stumbar, G. D. Gupta, R. Sawyer, A. Sherman,
and K. E. Hastings. Aug 90,283p EPA/600/2-90/042
Contract EPA-68-03-3255
See also PB88-170428. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction En-
gineering Lab.
The report covers the field demonstration activities of
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Mobile In-
cineration System (MIS) from February 1986 to June
1989 at the Denney Farm Site, Missouri. The activities
discussed in the current report include: modifications
made to the MIS to double its capacity and to improve
its reliability; the 1987 trial burn for Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and Toxic Sub-
stances Contract Act (TSCA) wastes; tests to show
the feasibility of processing brominated sludge and
cancelled pesticides, including testing for metals emis-
sions; delisting tests for the brominated sludge; site
and incinerator closure activities; and the accomplish-
ments, problems encountered, and solutions imple-
mented during the operation of the MIS. In addition, a
system availability analysis is presented. The informa-
tion contained in the report is of benefit to those in the
public sector who are considering or are currently ap-
plying incineration technology as a remedial alterna-
tive.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Incinerators,
"Waste disposal, Mobile equipment, Modification,
Tests, Performance evaluation, Design criteria, Kilns,
Combustion products, Flue gases, Monitoring, Scrub-
bers, Chloroethane, Dioxin, Pesticides, Metals, Toxic
Substances Control Act, Particulates, Polychlorinated
biphenyls.
PB90-260456/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Underground Storage Tanks.
Standard Test Procedures for Evaluating Leak
Detection Methods: Statistical Inventory Recon-
ciliation Methods. Final rept.
Midwest Research Inst., Falls Church, VA.
J. D. Flora, and K. M. Bauer. Jun 90,64p EPA/530/
UST-90/007
Contract EPA-68-01 -7383
See also PB90-224957. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Under-
ground Storage Tanks.
The handbook is one in a series of seven that de-
scribes EPA's standard test procedures for evaluating
the performance of leak detection equipment for un-
derground storage tanks. For each of the seven leak
detection methods discussed in the series a procedure
to test equipment in a consistent manner is provided.
The edition provides an explanation of how to conduct
the standardized test procedure, how to perform re-
quired calculations and how to report the results of the
test for Statistical Inventory Reconciliation Methods.
Keywords: "Storage tanks, "Underground storage,
"Leak detectors, Test methods, Handbooks, Fuel stor-
age, Performance standards, Quality assurance, Sta-
tistical analysis, Inventories, Regulations, Require-
ments.
PB90-260S71 /HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Investigation of Failure Mechanisms and Migra-
tion of Industrial Chemicals at Wllsonvllle, Illinois.
Environmental research brief.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
B. L. Herzog, and R. A. Griffin. Jul 90,9p EPA/600/M-
89/033
In late 1981, ground water contamination was discov-
ered in a monitoring well at the Earthline disposal facili-
ty near Wilsonville, Illinois. The Illinois State Geological
Survey (ISGS) then conducted a 3-yr, multidisciplinary
study to determine why the site failed to perform as
predicted. Geology, hydrogeology, geochemistry, engi-
neering geology, and x-ray mineralogy were disciplines
used in tne study of the site. Postulated failure mecha-
nisms included migration through previously undeter-
mined (unmapped) permeable zones, subsidence of
an underground mine, organic chemical/clay interac
1658 Vol. 90, No. 24
tions, acid mine drainage/clay interactions, and trench
cover settlement and erosion. The study concluded
that the primary reason for the rapid migration was the
presence of previously undetermined permeable
zones that included fractured and jointed glacial till for-
mations.
Keywords: "Earth fills, "Waste disposal, "Site surveys,
Industrial wastes, Permeability, Water pollution, Per-
formance evaluation, Organic compounds, Mathemati-
cal models, Observation wells, Hydraulic conductivity,
Hydrogeology, Geology, Geochemistry, Mineralogy,
"Environmental	transport,	Trenches,
Wilsonville(lllinois).
PB90-261454/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Air Force Technical Applications Center, Alexandria,
VA.
Across North America Tracer Experiment
(ANATEX). Model Evaluation Study. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment L&b
T. L. Clark, and R. D. Cohn. Jun 90,160p EPA/600/3-
90/051
Prepared in cooperation with Analytical Sciences, Inc.,
Durham, NC. Sponsored by Air Force Technical Appli-
cations Center, Alexandria, VA.
Three perfluorocarbon tracer gases were released at
2.5-day or 5.0-day intervals from two sites in central
North America and sampled for 24-hr periods at 77
surface sites. The source-receptor distances ranged
from less than 30 km to 3,000 km. The data were used
to evaluate the long-range transport and diffusion sim-
ulations of acid deposition models and to establish a
range of uncertainty for various model genres. The
performances of three single-layer Lagrangian, six
multiple-layer Lagrangian, and two multiple-layer Eu-
lerian models were assessed using quantifiable meas-
ures based on comparisons of ensemble mean con-
centrations and plume widths as well as trajectory
errors expressed as a function of transport time. In
general, the multiple-layer Lagrangian models per-
formed best in simulating the transport of the tracers,
while the Eulerian models performed best in simulating
the ensemble concentration frequency distributions.
After 0.5 day of transport, trajectory errors ranged from
100 km to 400 km; after 2.5 days, the errors ranged
from 300 km to 800 km. Beyond 2.5 days, errors from
four Lagrangian models plateaued, while errors for the
other models continued to increase, peaking at nearly
1,100 km after 3.5 days.
Keywords: "Air pollution, "Atmospheric diffusion, At-
mospheric models, Mathematical models, Fluorohy-
drocarbons, Acidity, Acid rain, Trajectory analysis,
Tracer techniques, ANATEX experiment.
PB90-261462/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Ethylene Dibromlde (EDB). Scientific Support and
Decision Document for Grain and Grain Milling Fu-
migation Uses.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
8 Feb 84,128p EPA/540/09-90/106
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: "Fumigants, 'Pesticides, "Regulations,
"Public health, Alpnatic hydrocarbons, Toxicity, Expo-
sure, Humans, Risk, Malignant neoplasms, Genetics,
Diets, Hazards, Grains(Food), Flour mills, Economic
impact, 'Ethylenedibromide, 'Pesticide residues. Path
of pollutants.
PB90-261470/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
l/M Test Variability Observed In the Louisville l/M
Program. Technical rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Emission Control Technology Div.
L, C. Landman. Aug 90,56p EPA/AA/TSS/IM-90/7
See also PB90-250127.
271 vehicles from the 1981 through 1988 model years
that failed their regularly scheduled l/M test received
extra tests while still in the inspection lane. Those
extra tests consisted of an immediate retest (i.e., a
second chance test) and a similar test preceded by
three minutes of 2500 rpm, no-load operation. Analysis
of the test results shows that the three-minute, 2500
rpm, no-load preconditioning cycle added very little
over simply an immediate retest for most of the vehi-
cles in the study; however, that preconditioning cycle
did have a significant effect in reducing the failure rate
of those vehicles that exceeded only the HC standard
on the initial test.
Keywords; "Exhaust emissions, "Internal combustion
engines, Tests, Failure, Inspection and maintenance
tests, Preconditioning cycles, Immediate retests.
PB90-261488/HSU	PC A09/ MF A02
User's Manual for OZIPM-4 (Ozone Isopleth Plot-
ting with Optional Mechanisms). Volume 1. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Jul 89, 194p EPA/450/4-89/009A
See also PB90-255399.
The document describes each of the options in the
OZIPM4 program and how to develop the input file
needed to run the program.
Keywords: "Ozone, Photochemical reaction, Plotting,
Nomographs, Mathematical models, User
manuals(Computer programs), Isopleths, Computer
models.
PB90-261504/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Statistical Methods for Estimating Risk for Expo-
sure above the Reference Dose.
Computer Sciences Corp., Cincinnati, OH.
L. Knauf, and R. C. Hertzberg. Aug 90,104p EPA/600/
8-90/065
Contract EPA-68-01-7176
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
A statistical method has been developed that provides
a risk estimate for noncarcinogenic effects at a given
dose. The method uses a categorical regression pro-
cedure to model severity of effect as it relates to ex-
perimental dose. Toxicity data are analyzed from multi-
ple animal experiments that span different species
target organs, toxic effects, and exposure conditions!
The data are screened for homogeneity with respect to
experiment duration and route of exposure. The result-
ing dose-response curve provides an estimate of the
risk of adverse effects that may be useful in estimating
risk for exposures above the reference dose (RfD).
Keywords; "Toxicity, "Statistical analysis, Regression
analysis, Mathematical models, Exposure, Dieldrin
Nephritis, "Risk assessment, "Environmental pollu-
tion, "Dose-response relationships. Computer applica-
tions, Hexachlorobenzene.
PB90-261512/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Evaluating Design and Verifying Compliance of
Wetlands Created under Section 404 of the Clean
Water Act In Oregon.
NSI Technology Services Corp., Corvallis, OR.
S. E. Gwin, and M. E. Kentula. Jul 90,134p EPA/600/
3-90/061
Contract EPA-68-C8-0006
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab
no	**
Permit specifications, construction plans, and field
measurements were used to examine the correlation
between design and conditions 'as-built' in a popula-
tion of 11 palustrine emergent marshes created in the
metropolitan area of Portland, Oregon between 1980-
1986. The projects ranged from six months to almost
seven years in age. Data on planned and existing hv.
drology, wetland area, wetland shape, slopes of
banks, and vegetation were collected for each site in-
formation on the plans for each site was gathered from
the section 404 permit files of the Portland District
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
permit files of the Oregon Division of State Lands. Re-
sults indicated that none of the wetlands studied were
designed or constructed as permitted.
Keywords: 'Environmental impacts, 'Marshes, 'Con-
struction, 'Water pollution, Area, Licenses, Specifica-
tions, Ecology, Vegetation, Slopes, Correlation, Design
criteria, Embankments, Hydrology, Evaluation,
Oregon, 'Wetlands, Clean Water Act,
PortTand(Oregon).
PB90-261520/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Microwave Resonances In DNA.
Arizona State Univ., Tempe. Dept. of Physics.
S. M. Lindsay. Aug 90,29p EPA/600/1-90/007
Contract EPA-68-02-4105
See also AD-A170 415. Sponsored by Health Effects
Research Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
The report describes spectroscopic studies of DNA
which were undertaken to better understand a physical
basis for microwave absorption by this molecule.
Three types of studies are described. (1) The low fre-
quency scattered light spectrum of DNA was studied
by two methods. First, Raman scattering of the vibra-
tional modes of DNA films was studied down to about
4 wavenumbers (cm sup (-1)) using a high contrast
grating monochrometer. The lowest lying vibrational
mode was found at frequencies between 12 and 30/
cm, depending upon the specific counter-ion, water
content and crystal structure. Second, a tandem inter-
ferometer was used to study the spectrum from about
0.1 to 10/cm (3 to 300 GHz). Studies of Li-DNA films
and solutions of the plasmid pUC8 found no evidence
of GHz resonances in the scattered light spectrum or
in the Brillouin linewidths. (2) The coupling of GHz
acoustic modes to the hydration shell of DNA was
studied via a coupled mode analysis of Brillouin spec-
tra. The primary hydration shell relaxes at about 40 ps
at room temperature and might permit resonances at
frequencies between 20 and 200 GHz. However, none
were observed. (3) Attempts to repeat experiments
that appeared to show a resonance mode near 0.6
GHz were not successful.
Keywords: 'Deoxyribonucleic acids, 'Molecular vibra-
tion, Light scattering, Films, *DNA, 'Microwave ab-
sorption, Raman effect.
PB90-261538/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Program Report Comparison of Precipitation
Measurements by Nlpher-Shieldad and Standard
Balfort Recording Rain Qages at NADP/NTN
Sites.
Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. Natural Resource
Ecology Lab.
C. L. Simmons, and D. S. Bigelow. Aug 90,37p EPA/
600/3-90/064
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
Weekly precipitation values from co-located Nipher-
shielded and standard Belfort recording rain gages
were analyzed for significant differences in volume.
The effects of site, precipitation magnitude and pre-
cipitation type on the differences were evaluated. In
addition, the daily amounts from two sites were ana-
lyzed and correlated against concurrent wind speed
and temperature measurements in an attempt to eluci-
date the nature of the variability between the two types
of gages.
Keywords: 'Precipitation(Meteorology), 'Rain gages,
Meteorological data, Meteorological instruments,
Snow, Comparison, Progress report.
PB90-261548/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Sampling and Analysis of Butadiene at a Neo-
prene Producing Plant. Rept. for Jan-Jun 90.
Entropy Environmentalists, Inc., Research Triangle
Park, ffc.
A. C. Carver. Aug 90, 56p EPA/600/3-90/065
Contract EPA-88-02-4442
See also PB89-151534. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. At-
mospheric Research and Exposure Assessment Lab.
The document details a field study to validate a
method for the sampling and analysis of butadiene
emissions from a plant manufacturing neoprene from
butadiene/chlorine mixtures. Gaseous samples were
collected from the process vent of one such plant
using a modification of the evacuated container sam-
pling procedure, outlined in Section 7.1.1 of EPA
Method 18. The samples were collected at a sampling
rate of 0.04 L/min, rather than at 0.5 L/min as speci-
fied in the method. Sample collection at the lowered
sampling rate yields a total sample volume of approxi-
mately 3 L, rather than the 30 L obtained when using
the specified sampling rate. On-site analysis of sam-
ples was performed using a gas chromatograph
equipped with a flame ionization detector. The method
precision was determined by collection and analysis of
simultaneous, quadruplicate samples. The average
relative standard deviation for quad-train samples col-
lected at the lowered sampling rate was approximately
4% for emission levels ranging from about 2 to 40%
(sub v).
Keywords: 'Butadienes, Synthetic elastomers,
Sample preparation, Gas chromatography,
Concentration(Composition), Industrial wastes, Gas
analysis, Chloroprene resins, Forecasting, Qualify con-
trol, Standards, Experimental design. Sites, 'Air pollu-
tion sampling, "Air pollution detection, Pollution regu-
lations, EPA method 18.
PB90-2615S3/HSU	PC A04/ MF A01
Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Lab., Ada,
OK.
Abiotic Reductive Dechlorination of Carbon Tetra-
chloride and Hexachloroethane by Environmental
Reductants. Final rept. Apr 88-Apr 90.
Stanford Univ., CA. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
M. Reinhard, G. P. Curtis, and M. R. Kriegman. Aug 90,
51 p EPA/600/2-90/040
Grant EPA-R-814823
Sponsored by Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research
Lab., Ada, OK.
The transformation rates of hexachloroethane (HCA)
and carbon tetrachloride (CTET) have been measured
in model systems representing the ground water envi-
ronment and in slurries of fractionated Borden aquifer
material. The report summarizes research conducted
to identify the environmental factors which affect the
abiotic (chemical) transformation rates of HCA and
CTET in systems consisting of minerals and Borden
aquifer material under botn aerobic and anaerobic
conditions. The mineral systems studied consisted of
both homogeneous solutions containing soluble envi-
ronmental reductants and heterogeneous systems
containing well characterized solids representative of
mineral phases in aquifers. The following soluble re-
ductants were used: bisulfide (HS-), L-cysteine, and
ferrous iron complexes. Reaction rates were com-
pared with those measured in heterogeneous systems
containing biotite, vermicullte, pyrite, marcasite, or 13X
zeolite and one of the dissolved reductants. Heteroge-
neous reaction rates were at least an order of magni-
tude faster than the homogeneous rates. The reduc-
tive dechlorination of hexachloroethane (HCA) to form
tetrachloroethene (PCE) has been studied in the pres-
ence of aquifer material excavated from the aerobic
sandy Borden aquifer. Studies with magnetically sepa-
rated fractions of the aquifer material indicated that the
fraction consisting of quartz, feldspars, and carbon-
ates accounted for most of the reactivity. Studies with
the acid and base pretreated quartz, feldspar, and car-
bonates fraction suggested that the electron donor
was associated with organic matter in the aquifer
solids. The addition of 20 mg/l humic acids to 0.5 mM
ferrous sulfate or 0.5 mM sodium sulfide increased the
rate of the reduction reaction by a factor of 15 and 7,
respectively. These results suggest that the abiotic re-
duction reactions may be closely coupled to microbial-
ly produced reductants such as ferrous iron and sul-
fide.
Keywords: 'Reduction(Chemistry), 'Dechlorination,
'Water pollution, 'Water chemistry, Construction ma-
terials, Microorganisms, Chemical reactions, Reaction
kinetics, Ground water, Carbon tetrachloride, Aquifers,
Minerals, Aerobic processes, Anaerobic processes,
Materials tests, 'Sediment-water interfaces. Ethane/
hexachloro, Environmental effects.
PB90-261561/HSU	PC A12/MF A02
Development of Risk Assessment Methodology
for Surface Disposal of Municipal Sludge.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. En-
vironmental Criteria and Assessment Office.
Aug 90,255p EPA/600/6-90/001
See also PB90-135740. Prepared in cooperation with
Abt Associates, Inc., Cambridge, MA., Cincinnati Univ.,
OH. Dept. of Civil Engineering, GeoTrans, Inc., Hern-
don, VA., and Dynamac Corp., Rockville, MD.
This is one of a series of reports that present method-
ologies for assessing the potential risks to humans or
other organisms from the disposal or reuse of munici-
pal sludge. The sludge management practices ad-
dressed by the series include land application prac-
tices, distribution and marketing programs, landfilling,
surface disposal, incineration and ocean disposal. In
particular, these reports provide methods for evaluat-
ing potential health and environmental risks from toxic
chemicals that may be present in sludge. The docu-
ment addresses risks from chemicals associated with
surface disposal of municipal sludge. These proposed
risk assessment procedures are designed as tools to
assist in the development of regulations for sludge
management practices. The procedures are structured
to allow calculation of technical criteria for sludge dis-
posal/reuse options based on the potential for ad-
verse health or environmental impacts. The criteria
may address management practices (such as site
design or process control specifications), limits on
sludge disposal rates or limits on toxic chemical con-
centrations in the sludge.
Keywords: 'Sludge disposal, Chemical compounds.
Marketing, Backfilling, Concentration(Composition),
Exposure, Water pollution, Air pollution, Carcinogens,
Thresholds(Perception), Numerical analysis, 'Waste
utilization, 'Sewage sludge, "Risk assessment, "Toxic
substances, Waste management, Incineration, Ocean
waste disposal, Pollution regulations, Environmental
effects, Ground disposal, Path of pollutants.
PB90-261579/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Captan: Position Document 4. Intent to Cancel
Registration*; Conclusion of Special Review;
Notice of Final Determination.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
24 Feb 89, 34p EPA/540/09-90/097
See also PB87-118014.
Products containing captan as the active ingredient
have been shown to be carcinogenic. Future uses of
such products will be restricted in scope. The Special
Review Document addresses the risks and benefits of
pesticide products containing the subject active ingre-
dient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Carcinogens, 'Toxicity, 'En-
vironmental surveys, Registration, Agricultural chemi-
cals, Aquatic biology, Laboratory animals,
Reproduction(Biology), Diet, Farm crops, Ecology,
'Captan, Risk assessment, Benefit analysis, Mutage-
nicity tests, Environmental exposure pathways, Cycio-
hexenedicarboximide/N-((trichloromethyl)thio).
PB90-261587/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Carbofuran: Position Document 2/3. Notice of
Preliminary Determination.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jan 89,50p EPA/540/09-90/102
See also PB89-168884.
Carbofuran is a pesticide used to control crop pests,
but has been determined to be extremely toxic to birds.
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: "Pesticides, 'Birds, 'Environmental sur-
veys, Regulations, Ground water, Farm crops,_ Expo-
sure, "Carbofuran, "Endangered species, "Toxic sub-
stances, Risk assessment, Environmental persist-
ence, Path of pollutants, Carbamic acid/(dihydro-di-
methyl)-benzofuranyl-ester)-methyl.
PB90-261595/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Cyanazine: Position Document 4. Notice of Final
Determination and Intent to Cancel.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Jan 88,41 p EPA/540/09-90/107
See also PB87-181400.
Cyanazine-containing products have exhibited terato-
genic effects. The Position Document addresses the
risks and benefits of pesticide products containing the
subject active ingredient. The Agency has determined
that the use of products containing the subject active
ingredient may meet or exceed a risk criterion de-
scribed in 40 CFR Part 154. Potential hazards will be
examined further to determine the nature and extent of
the risk, and considering the benefits of the subject
active ingredient, whether such risks cause unreason-
able adverse effects on the environment.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Environmental
surveys, Ecology, Registration, Protective clothing,
Substitutes, Laboratory animals, Exposure, 'Cyana-
zine, 'Toxic substances, Teratogens, Skin absorption,
Health hazards, Benefit analysis, Risk assessment,
Path of pollutants, Pesticide residues, Propionitrile/
(chloro-ethylamino-triazinylamino)-methyl.
PB90-261603/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Cadmium: Position Document 2/3. Notice of Pre-
liminary Determination to Cancel Registrations
and Deny Applications tor All Pesticide Products
that Contain Cadmium Compounds; Notice of
Availability of Technical Support Document and
Draft Notice of Intent to Cancel.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Oct 77,14p EPA/540/09-90/109
See also PB87-228490 and PB90-259896.
Cadmium compounds are contained as active ingredi-
ents in pesticides and fungicides. The Position Docu-
ment addresses the risks and benefits of pesticide
products containing the subject active ingredient. The
Agency has determined that the use of products con-
taining the subject active ingredient may meet or
exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR Part 154.
Potential hazards will be examined further to deter-
mine the nature and extent of the risk, and considering
the benefits of the subject active ingredient, whether
such risks cause unreasonable adverse effects on the
environment.
Keywords: "Cadmium, "Fungicides, 'Environmental
surveys, 'Toxicology, 'Carcinogens, Laboratory ani-
mals, Kidney, "Toxic substances, Occupational expo-
sure, Health risks, Pesticide residues, Path of pollut-
ants, Mutagenicity tests, Teratogens.
PB90-261611/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Aldlcarb: Position Document 2/3. Preliminary De-
termination to Cancel Registrations of Aldlcarb
Products and Availability of Technical Support
Document; Notice.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
29 Jun88,15p EPA/540/09-90/108
See also PB88-236856 and PB90-259904.
Aldicarb is an important agricultural pesticide used on
a number of crops. The Position Document addresses
the risks and benefits of pesticide products containing
the subject active ingredient. The Agency has deter-
mined that the use of products containing the subject
active ingredient may meet or exceed a risk criterion
described in 40 CFR Part 154. Potential hazards will be
examined further to determine the nature and extent of
the risk, and considering the benefits of the subiect
active ingredient, whether such risks cause unreason-
able adverse effects on the environment.
Keywords: "Pesticides, Farm crops, Ecology, Registra-
tion, Toxicity, Ground water, Labels, Regulations, Agn-
1660 Vol. 90, No. 24
cultural chemicals, "Aldicarb, 'Toxic substances, Path
of pollutants, Propanal/methyl-(methylthio), Risk as-
sessment, Benefit analysis.
PB90-261629/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Tributyltln: Position Document 4. Tributyltln Antl-
foulants: Notice of Intent to Cancel: Denial of Ap-
plications for Registration; Partial Conclusion of
Special Review.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
4 Oct 88, 23p EPA/540/09-90/110
See also PB88-161203.
The Position Document addresses the risks and bene-
fits of pesticide products containing the subject active
ingredient. The Agency has determined that the use of
products containing the subject active ingredient may
meet or exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR
Part 154. Potential hazards will be examined further to
determine the nature and extent of the risk, and con-
sidering the benefits of the subject active ingredient,
whether such risks cause unreasonable adverse ef-
fects on the environment.
Keywords: "Antifouling coatings, "Paints, Biodeteriora-
tion. Aquatic biology, Regulations, Ecology, Toxicity,
Legislation, Waste disposal, 'Tributyltin, Toxic sub-
stances, Environmental monitoring, Risk assessment,
Biological availability.
PB90-261637/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Compound 1081: Decision Document (Pesticide
Products Containing Fluoroacetamlde). Notice of
Determination Concerning the Rebuttable Pre-
sumption against Registration.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
Feb 80,13p EPA/540/09-90/105
See also PB80-216831.
Compound 1081, or fluoroacetamide-containing prod-
ucts are currently used as Rodenticides. The Position
Document addresses the risks and benefits of pesti-
cide products containing the subject active ingredient.
The Agency has determined that the use of products
containing the subject active ingredient may meet or
exceed a risk criterion described in 40 CFR Part 154.
Potential hazards will be examined further to deter-
mine the nature and extent of the risk, and considering
the benefits of the subject active ingredient, whether
such risks cause unreasonable adverse effects on the
environment.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Toxicology, 'Environmental
surveys, "Rodenticides, Registration, Ecology, Birds,
Mammals, "Fluoroacetamide, "Toxic substances,
Health hazards, Risk assessment, Endangered spe-
cies, Path of pollutants.
PB90-261645/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Diazlnon - Position Document 4. Intent to Cancel
Registrations of Denial of Applications for Regis-
tration of Pesticide Products Containing Diazlnon;
Conclusion of Special Review.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1 Oct 86,15p EPA/540/09-90/111
See also PB87-101853 and PB90-260423.
Diazinon is frequently used as a pesticide on golf
courses and sod farms. The Position Document ad-
dresses the risks and benefits of pesticide products
containing the subject active ingredient. The Agency
has determined that the use of products containing the
subject active ingredient may meet or exceed a risk cri-
terion described in 40 CFR Part 154. Potential hazards
will be examined further to determine the nature and
extent of the risk, and considering the benefits of the
subject active ingredient, whether such risks cause un-
reasonable adverse effects on the environment.
Keywords: "Pesticides, "Diazinon, "Environmental
surveys, "Toxicology, Registration, Ecology, Birds,
Wildlife, "Toxic substances, Endangered species, Pes-
ticide residues, Risk assessment, Benefit analysis,
Health hazards.
PB90-261652/HSU	PC A13/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Health Effects of Passive Smoking: Assessment
of Lung Cancer in Adults and Respiratory Disor-
ders in Children.
Brown (Kenneth G.), Chapel Hill, NC.
May 90, 280p EPA/600/6-90/006A ,, OHEA-C-361
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Health and Environmental
Assessment.
The draft document addresses the scientific, mostly
epidemiologic, evidence on the potential association
between passive smoking or Environmental Tobacco
Smoke (ETS) and lung cancer in nonsmoking adults,
and respiratory disorders in children. With respect to
lung cancer in adults the draft report concludes that
ETS is causally associated with lung cancer in non-
smoking adults and that according to EPA guidelines
for carcinogen risk assessment, ETS is a Group A
(known human) carcinogen; and that approximately
3800 lung cancer deaths per year among nonsmokers
(never-smokers and former smokers) of both sexes in
the United States are attributable to ETS. With respect
to respiratory effects in children, ETS exposure from
parental smoking, especially during infancy, is associ-
ated with increased prevalence of acute lower-respira-
tory tract infections (bronchitis and pneumonia), symp-
toms of irritation (cough, sputum, wheeze), and middle
ear effusions (a sign of chronic middle ear disease). It
also concludes that ETS is associated with reduced
lung function and with a small reduction in the rate of
pulmonary growth and development in children of
mothers who smoke during their early childhood.
Keywords: 'Pulmonary neoplasms, "Smoking, "To-
bacco, "Respiratory diseases, Adults, Children, Epide-
miology, "Lung cancer, "Passive smoking, Public
health, Pulmonary functions, Health hazards, Mothers,
Indoor air pollution.
PB90-261827/HSU	PC A14/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Fuel-Efficient Sewage Sludge Incineration. Final
rept. May 87-Sep 89.
Camp, Dresser and McKee, Inc., Boston, MA.
M. J. Walsh, A. B. Pincince, and W. R. Niessen. Aug
90, 304p EPA/600/2-90/038
Contract EPA-68-03-3346
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
A study was performed to evaluate the status of incin-
eration with low fuel use as a sludge disposal technol-
ogy. The energy requirements, life-cycle costs, oper-
ation and maintenance requirements, and process ca-
pabilities of four sludge incineration facilities were
evaluated. These facilities used a range of sludge
thickening, conditioning, dewatering, and incineration
technologies. The results provided realistic cost and
energy requirements for a fuel-efficient sludge inciner-
ation facility and highlighted operational, managerial,
and design features that contributed to the fuel effi-
ciency of the incineration process. The information
provides a basis for evaluating both the applicability of
sludge incineration in future facilities and the cost and
energy efficiency of existing incineration facilities.
Keywords: "Sludge disposal, Cost analysis, Operating,
Maintenance, Dewatering, Design criteria, Materials
handling, Sewage treatment, Performance evaluation,
Thickening, "Sewage sludge, "Incineration, "Fuel con-
servation, Sludge treatment.
PB90-261835/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Guidance Documents Relating to Landfills and
Contaminants.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
N. B. Schomaker, and D. A. Zunt. 1990,14p EPA/600/
D-90/088
Presented at the Annual Recycling Congress (6th),
Berlin, Germany, November 28-30,1989.
The Environmental Protection Agency Is developing
and updating a series of Technical Guidance Docu-
ments to provide best engineering control technology
to meet the needs of the Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) and the Comprehensive Envi-
ronmental Response Compensation and Liability Act
(CERCLA), respectively. These documents are the
compilation of the research efforts to date relating to
containment of pollutants from waste disposal to the
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
areas of research being conducted under the RCRA
land disposal program relates to laboratory, pilot and
field validation studies in cover systems, waste leach-
ing and solidification, liner systems and disposal facility
evaluation. The specific areas of research being con-
ducted under the CERCLA uncontrolled waste sites
(Superfund) program relate to in situ treatment, solidifi-
cation/stabilization for treating hazardous waste, com-
bustion technologies, best demonstrated available
technology (BDAT), on-site treatment technologies,
emerging biosystems, expert systems, personnel
health protection equipment, and site and situation as-
sessment. The Guidance Documents are intended to
assist both the regulated community and the permit-
ting authorities, as well as the Program Offices, and
Regions, as well as the states and other interested
parties, with the latest information relevant to waste
management.
Keywords: 'Guidelines, "Earth fills, 'Hazardous mate-
rials, Linings, Waste treatment, Waste disposal, Solidi-
fication, Stabilization, In situ combustion, 'Best tech-
nology, 'Land disposal, Combustion modification, Sur-
face impoundments, Superfund, Pollution control,
Technology utilization, Resource Conservation and
Recoveiy Act of 1976, Landfill covers, Waste manage-
ment, US EPA.
PB90-262114/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Transuranium Elements. Volume 1. Elements of
Radiation Protection.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
G. Burley. Jun 90,169p EPA/520/1-90/015
See also Volume 2, PB90-262122.
The report consists of two volumes and addresses the
problem of environmental contamination by Plutonium
and other transuranium elements. Volume 1 presents
an overview of selected information on the chemical
and physical properties of the transuranium elements,
the biological effects and risks of exposure, the major
environmental transport mechanisms, and the con-
tamination in the environs of a number of sites in the
United States.
Keywords: 'Transuranium elements, Public health,
Decision making, Radioactive isotopes, Exposure, Site
surveys, Inhalation, Ingestion(Biology), Physical prop-
erties, Chemical properties, Radiation dosage, Radi-
ation effects, 'Environmental pollution, Biological ef-
fects, Risk assessment, Environmental transport, Path
of pollutants.
PB90-262122/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Transuranium Elements. Volume 2. Technical
Basis for Remedial Actions.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
G. Burley. Jun 90,123p EPA/520/1-90/016
See also Volume 1, PB90-262114.
The report consists of two volumes and addresses the
problem of environmental contamination by plutonium
and other transuranium elements. Volume 2 presents
the general background relevant to developing criteria
for site-specific remedial action options. The informa-
tion is intended to provide an overall perspective on
the considerations necessary for the decision-making
process.
Keywords: 'Transuranium elements, Site surveys, De-
cision making, Recommendations, Economic analysis.
Management planning, Sampling, Ecology, Inhalation,
Ingestion(Biology),	Public	health,
Concentration(Composition), 'Remedial action, 'Envi-
ronmental pollution, State Implementation Plans, Risk
assessment, Path of pollutants, Soil contamination,
Land pollution, Environmental impact assessments,
Cleanup operations, Long term effects.
PB90-262783/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Thermodynamic Fundamentals Used In Hazard-
ous Wasts Incineration. Conference Proceedings.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
C. C. Lee, and G. L. Huffman. 1990,16p EPA/600/D-
90/087
Presented at the Incineration Conference, San Diego,
CA., May 14-18,1990.
Thermodynamics is the basic foundation of many engi-
neering practices. Environmental engineering is no ex-
ception, it is using thermodynamic principles in many
applications. In particular, those who are involved in
the incineration of various wastes such as hazardous
and municipal wastes, pesticides and sludges, and
hospital and institutional wastes require a full under-
standing of basic thermodynamics in order to success-
fully conduct their jobs. The objective of the paper is to
present, and to illustrate the use of, some basic ther-
modynamic principles in order to assist engineers,
managers, permit writers, the public, and any other in-
terested parties in their evaluation of the incineration
process.
Keywords: "Meetings, 'Thermodynamics, 'Inciner-
ators, "Waste disposal, "Hazardous materials. Ther-
modynamic properties, Environmental engineering,
Sludge, Pesticides, Municipal wastes, Waste disposal
acts.
PB90-26279T/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Emissions of Organic Compounds and Combus-
tion Gases during Hazardous Waste Cofirlng In a
Watertube Package Boiler. Symposium paper.
Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO.
G. D. Hinshaw, P. S. Murowchick, and G. L. Huffman.
May 90,15p EPA/600/D-90/086
Contract EPA-68-02-4252
Presented at the Incineration Conference, San Diego,
CA., May 14-18, 1990. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction En-
gineering Lab.
The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the
sorption and desorption of organic compounds on
combustion-generated soot during the cofiring of haz-
ardous organics with fuel oil in a full-scale boiler. Sorp-
tion of organics was accomplished by firing a water-
tube package boiler at very low load, under a 'smoking'
condition, while spiking hazardous organic compounds
into fuel oil. This phase was followed by a 'clean' fuel
firing phase using natural gas to look for any 'bleed-off'
of POHCs and PICs. A secondary objective of the
study was to characterize PIC emissions during the
various test conditions, which is the subject of the
Paper. The Paper has two major objectives: first, to
evaluate and characterize PIC emissions from the
combustion of specific POHCs and fuels, and second,
to evaluate PIC and POHC emissions in relation to the
levels of combustion gases such as carbon monoxide
(CO) and to total hydrocarbons (THCs), in order to de-
termine the usefulness of those gases as surrogates
for the emissions of organic compounds.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Combustion effi-
ciency, 'Air pollution abatement, Soot, Organic com-
pounds, Waste disposal, Combustion products, Fuel
oil, Natural gas, Water tube boilers, Carbon monoxide,
Hydrocarbons, Sorption, Performance evaluation,
"Cocombustion, 'Air pollution sampling, Combustion
modification.
PB90-262809/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Characteristics of Two-Dlmenslonal Particle Eddy
Diffusion In Office Space. Rept. for Oct 89-May 90.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
T. Yamamoto, S. D. Kim, D. S. Ensor, and L. E. Sparks.
1990,8p EPA/600/D-90/107
Grant EPA-R-814169-01-0
Presented at Indoor Air '90, Toronto (Canada), July 28-
March 3, 1990. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses the development of a two-dimen-
sional turbulent kinetic energy-dissipation rate (k-epsi-
lon) turbulence model in tne form of vorHcity and
stream functions. This turbulence model provides the
distribution of turbulent kinematic viscosity, used to
calculate the effective turbulent diffusion coefficient.
These values were incorporated into the particle diffu-
sion equation for determining the contaminant concen-
tration profiles within an occupied space. The effects
of locations of the supply air duct and the contaminant
source on particle concentration distribution and venti-
lation effectiveness were investigated.
Keywords: 'Turbulent diffusion, 'Office buildings,
'Particles, Environmental engineering. Two dimen-
sional flow, Mathematical models, Air flow, Ventilation,
Eddies, Dissipation, Kinetics, 'Indoor air pollution, Vor-
tices, K-epsilon turbulence model.
PB90-262817/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Building with Low-Emitting Materials and Prod-
ucts: where Do We Stand. Rept. for Mar-Jul 90.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
W. G. Tucker. 1990,9p EPA/600/D-90/106
Presented at Indoor Air '90, Toronto (Canada), July 29-
March3,1990.
The paper gives three examples of material and prod-
uct selection criteria, proposes emissions criteria for
judging the acceptability of products, and discusses
future directions in product testing for prevention of
indoor air quality (IAQ) problems. One way to help
ensure good IAQ is to use materials and products with
low emissions of substances that can cause health or
comfort problems. Over the past several years, re-
search and development of product testing proce-
dures and exposure prediction models have produced
useful tools for evaluating the acceptability of building
materials, furnishings, and other products used in
buildings. Emission testing and prediction of occupant
exposures has recently become a key step in the
design of some major office building projects.
Keywords: "Construction materials, "Furniture, 'Build-
ing codes, 'Environmental engineering, Emission, Air
pollution abatement, Ventilation, 'Indoor air pollution,
Stationary pollutant sources, Air quality.
PB90-262825/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Radon Diagnostics for Schools. Rept. for Jan 88-
Apr 90.	.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Tnangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
K. W. Leovic, A. B. Craig, and D. B. Harris. 1990,12p
EPA/600/D-90/105
Presented at the Annual AWMA Conference, Pitts-
burgh, PA.. June 24-29,1990.
The paper discusses a systematic approach to con-
ducting radon diagnostics in schools. It provides those
with radon mitigation experience in houses with an un-
derstanding of the major differences between schools
and houses and how these differences influence
radon diagnostics in schools. The diagnostic proce-
dures and measurements discussed include: a review
of all radon screening and confirmatory measure-
ments: a review of all available building specifications
and drawings such as structural, mechanical, and elec-
trical: a building investigation to assess potential radon
entry routes and to confirm and supplement informa-
tion cited in the building plans; an analysis of the heat-
ing, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system
and its influence on pressure differentials and radon
levels: and, most importantly for schools considering
installation of a subslab depressurization system, the
recommended approaches for measuring subslab
pressure field extension. Radon diagnostic protocols
for schools need to be more extensive than those ap-
plied in houses since schools are typically much larger
than houses and often have complex structural details
and HVAC systems.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'School buildings, 'Measurement,
•Environmental engineering, Subgrades, Engineering
drawings. Specifications, Ventilation, Field tests, Envi-
ronmental surveys, 'Indoor air pollution, 'Diagnostic
techniques, HVAC systems, Stationary pollutant
sources.
PB90-262833/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Preliminary Selection of Refrigerants for Dual-Cir-
cuit and Lorenz Refrigerator/Freezers.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC- Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. C. Bare. 1990,17p EPA/600/D-90/104
Presented at the Annual Meeting of A and WMA
(83rd), Pittsburgh, PA., June 24-29,1990.
The paper discusses the preliminary selection of refrig-
erants for dual-circuit and Lorenz refrigerator/freezers
(RFs). Since RFs currently use a fully haiogenated
chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) as a refrigerant and are the
most energy-consuming appliances in most house-
holds in the U.S., EPA is concerned about not only
RFs' effects on stratospheric ozone depletion but also
their impact on the greenhouse effect. Reductions in
power consumption will slow the increase in carbon di-
oxide (C02) concentrations in the atmosphere by re-
ducing the utility companies' need for capacity. C02
concentrations are believed to be directly related to
impacts of the greenhouse effect. For these reasons,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
EPA believes that finding the most energy-efficient
refrigerant(s) and RF design is important when elimi-
nating fully halogenated CFCs. Two new configura-
tions (the dual-circuit and Lorenz RFs) appear to pro-
vide energy savings of up to 20% over standard U.S.
RF designs.
Keywords: 'Refrigerants, 'Air pollution abatement,
'Refrigerators, Carbon dioxide, Greenhouse effect,
Ozone, Fluorohydrocarbons, Earth atmosphere, Chlor-
ohydrocarbons, Freezers, "Pollution sources, Energy
consumption.
PB90-262841/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Deactivation by H2S of Cr203 Emission Control
Catalyst for Chlorinated VOC Destruction. Rept.
for Jul 88-Jul 89.
Akron Univ., OH. Dept. of Chemical Engineering.
S. Narayanan, H. L. Greene, and C. M. Nunez. 1990,
21 p EPA/600/D-90/103
Grant EPA-R-815095
Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste
Management Association (83rd), Pittsburgh, PA., June
24-29, 1990. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses one aspect of catalyst stability
(i-®-, deactivation by poisoning) and the concomitant
effects on catalyst activity and selectivity in the de-
struction of chlorinated hydrocarbons. The study was
kecause nothing is documented of the effect
of H2S or the other sulfurous poisons on the perform-
ance of catalysts in the specific application of oxidative
destruction of chlorinated volatile organic compounds
(VOCs). A chromia (Cr203) catalyst, commercially
popular for the destruction of chlorinated hydrocar-
bons, was chosen for the study of H2S poisoning ef-
fects, which concentrated on the activity, selectivity,
and stability trends of the catalyst to H2S. Study re-
sults indicate that poisoning of the catalyst by H2S
brings about mixed effects. While activities generally
decreased, the selectivities to HCI and chloroform
became more favorable and the selectivity to C02 de-
creased.
Keywords: 'Waste disposal, "Air pollution control,
Catalysts, Laboratory equipment, Hydrogen sulfide,
Performance evaluation, Chlorohydrocarbons, Chemi-
cal reactions, Surface chemistry, Catalysis, Selectivity,
Deactivation, 'Incineration, Volatile organic com-
pounds, Poisoning.
PB90-262858/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Computer Model for Calculating Individual Expo-
sure Due to Indoor Air Pollution Sources. Rept. for
May 89-Jan 90.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
L. E. Sparks, and W. G. Tucker. Jan 90, 9p EPA/600/
D-90/102
Presented at Indoor Air '90, Toronto (Canada), July 29-
August 3,1990.
The paper presents a model, EXPOSURE, for calculat-
ing individual exposure to indoor air pollutants from
sources. The model calculates exposure due to indi-
vidual, as opposed to population, activity patterns and
source use. The model uses data on source emis-
sions, room-to-room air flows, air exchange with the
outdoors, and indoor sinks to predict concentration/
time profiles for all rooms. The concentration/time pro-
files are then combined with individual activity patterns
to estimate exposure. The agreement between pre-
dicted concentration/time profiles and experimental
data is excellent.
Keywords: 'Computerized simulation, 'Public health,
Exposure, Air flows, Concentration(Composition),
Time series analysis, Study estimates, Inhalation,
Comparison, 'Indoor air pollution, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans), 'EXPOSURE model, Air quality, Pol-
lution sources.
PB90-262866/HSU	Pc A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and EnergyEnginTOringResearchLat
Representing Reversible Sinks in Indoor Air Qual-
ity Models. Rept. for Jun89-Feb90
Acurex Corp., Research Tnangle Park, NC.
Z. Guo, J. Dunn, B. Tichenor, M. Mason, and K. Krebs.
Feb 90,9p EPA/600/D-90/101
Contract EPA-68-02-4701
Presented at Indoor Air '90, Toronto (Canada), July 29-
August 3, 1990. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper proposes two models of a reversible sink in
an indoor environment. Based on simplified Lanamuir
assumptions, the kinetic model worked well with flat
indoor surfaces such as wallboard, but it failed to pre-
dict the long-term, low-level re-emission from complex
surfaces such as carpeting. The two-box model takes
into account the slow mass transfer process and can
be applied to both types of sink materials.
Keywords: 'Kinetics, "Mass transfer, "Environmental
engineering, Pollution, Two phase flow, Carpets, Wall-
board, Mathematical models, Ventilation, Air flow,
"Indoor air pollution, "Sinks, Pollution sources, Air
quality.
PB90-262874/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Summary ot U.S. EPA Sponsored Large Chamber
Characterizations of Emissions from Unvented
Kerosene Space Heaters. Rept. for Oct 86-Sep 89.
John B. Pierce Foundation Lab., New Haven, CT.
J. White, B. Leaderer, P. Boone, G. Traynor, and M.
Apte. 1990, 9p EPA/600/D-90/100
Grant EPA-R-813549
Presented at IAQ '90, Toronto (Canada), July 29-
August 3, 1990. Sponsored by Environmental Protec-
tion Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab., and Lawrence
Berkeley Lab., CA.
The paper summarizes EPA-sponsored large-chamber
characterizations from unvented kerosene space
heaters. EPA's AEERL has been investigating emis-
sions from kerosene space heaters since 1984. The
focus of EPA's efforts has been on evaluating organic
and particulate emissions from those sources and the
development of emissions factors for these pollutants.
To date, 26 makes and models of kerosene space
heaters have been tested in the program. The tests
have covered a variety of use conditions in different
test environments, including hoods, chambers, a test
house, and the 'field.' Objectives of the first study in
1984 were to determine the more appropriate method
(i.e., hood vs. chamber) of evaluating emissions from
kerosene heaters, and to characterize the organic and
particulate emissions from two such units. The work
concluded that, except for particulate measurements,
the testing methods were basically the same for all
pollutants. However, the larger volume of the chamber
permitted particle formation similar to that anticipated
to occur in indoor environments. Consequently, cham-
bers were selected as the method of choice for further
studies.
Keywords: "Space heaters, "Kerosene, "Emission,
'Air pollution control, Combustion chambers, Combus-
tion products, Ventilation, Environmental engineering,
•Indoor air pollution, Stationary pollutant sources.
PB90-262882/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
What About When Sub-Slab Depressurizatlon
Doesn't Work Well.
Southern Research Inst., Birmingham, AL.
B. E. Pyle, A. D. Williamson, and M. C. Osborne. 1990,
13p EPA/600/D-90/099
Grant EPA-R-814621-01-0
Presented at the AWMA Annual Meeting (83rd), Pitts-
burgh, PA., June 24-29, 1990. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses the mitigation of radon levels in
basement houses when sub-slab depressurization
(SSD), a widely used mitigation technique, is not a
viable option. For example, in some houses the slab is
poured directly on the soil, resulting in poor-to-non-
existent communication under the slab. To apply SSD
requires elaborate plumbing and multiple suction holes
in the slab. To develop viable alternatives, EPA has
funded research to explore other radon mitigation op-
tions. Case studies include: basement pressurization
with and without heat extraction, and filtration using
charcoal. In the first, air from the upper portion of the
house was forced into the basement, producing a
pressure barrier at the slab/soil interface. In one
house, heat was extracted from the upstairs using a
heat pump to supply hot water for the occupants. In
the second, a bed of charcoal was used to remove the
radon gas. The charcoal bed was flushed with outdoor
air to extract the radon before its complete decay to
radon daughters.
Keywords: "Radon, "Basements, "Air pollution con-
trol, "Residential buildings. Slab on ground construc-
tion, Pressurizing, Heat pumps, Filters, Charcoal, Re-
moval, Soils, Pressure control, Barriers,
Graphs(Charts), * Indoor air pollution, Case studies.
PB90-262890/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Development of AIRS:AMS Transportation Emis-
sions Methodology. Rept. for Dec 89-May 90.
Pechan (E.H.) and Associates, Inc., Durham, NC.
E. S. Kimbrough, C. T. Ripberger, and R. E. Battye
1990,15p EPA/600/D-90/098
Contract EPA-68-D9-0168
Presented at the AWMA Annual Meeting (83rd), Pitts-
burgh, PA., June 24-29, 1990. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses the National Emissions Data
System (NEDS) Mobile Source methodology, the State
Implementation Plan (SIP) Mobile Source methodolo-
gy, differences and problems between the two meth-
odologies, and the research program that will result in
an improved Mobile Source methodology that will
serve both the NEDS and SIP emission inventory ob-
jectives. The methodologies developed by the re-
search program will reside in the Area and Mobile
Source (AMS) Subsystem of the Aerometric Informa-
tion Retrieval System (AIRS). EPA annually estimates
emissions of the five criteria pollutants-particulates
(TSP), S02, NOx, reactive volatile organic compounds
(VOCs), and CO. Historically, these emission esti-
mates were stored in NEDS as point or area source
emissions. Area sources usually include all mobile
sources and any stationary sources to small, difficult,
or numerous to classify as point sources. In NEDS, an
area source is defined as a source that emits < 100
tons/year of a criteria pollutant. Areas that are in non-
attainment with the National Ambient Air Quality
Standards (NAAQS) are required to develop SIPs for
use in the demonstration of progress toward meeting
these standards. The major objectives of AIRS include
providing storage and reporting capability for air qual-
ity, emissions, and enforcement data required by EPA
regulations and the Clean Air Act.
Keywords: "Exhaust emissions, "Air pollution control
Information systems, State government, Particles!
Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Carbon monoxide, Law
enforcement, Motor vehicles, "Emission inventories
'Area and Mobile Source System, Air quality, Pollution
regulations, State Implementation Plans, Volatile or-
ganic compounds, Aerometric Information Retrieval
System, National Emissions Data System, Clean Air
Act.
PB90-262908/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab
Effects of Operating Variables on PAH Emissions
and Mutagenicity of Emissions from Woodatoves.
Rept. for Jun 87-May 88.
Environmental Health Research and Testing, irtc Re-
search T riangle Park, NC.
R. C. McCrillis, R. R. Watts, and S. H. Warren. 1990
13p EPA/600/D-90/097
Contract EPA-68-02-4277
Presented at the AWMA Annual Meeting (83rd), Pitts-
burgh, PA., June 24-29, 1990. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses studies in instrumented wood-
stove test laboratories to quantify woodstove emis-
sions during operations typical of in-house usage (The
studies parallel field source sampling to identify the po-
tential mutagenic impact of residential wood burning
on ambient and indoor air.) Three woodstoves were
operated over a range of burnrates, burning eastern
oak, southern yellow pine, or western white pine Two
conventional stoves were tested at an altitude ot 90 m
One of the conventional stoves and a catalytic stove
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
were tested at an altitude of 825 m. For one study,
tests were started after a fire had been established
and encompassed several wood additions over a 6-8
hr period. The other tests were started with Kindling a
fire in a cold stove and continued for about 8 hours, in-
cluding several wood additions. For one test, emis-
sions were collected using a modified EPA Method 5
sampling train. For the other tests, the woodstove dilu-
tion sampling system (WSDSS) was used. As antici-
pated, results showed wide variability, a common prob-
lem with woodstove testing. Total particulate emis-
sions showed the expected inverse correlation with
burnrate for the conventional stoves and nearly flat for
the catalytic stove. While there seemed to be little or
no correlation of total particulate emissions with alti-
tude, the sum of the PAHs quantified showed an in-
verse correlation with altitude.
Keywords: "Air pollution abatement, "Air pollution con-
trol, 'Stoves, Catalysis, Operating, Aromatic polycyclic
hydrocarbons, Mutagens, Residential buildings, Per-
formance evaluation, Combustion efficiency, Combus-
tion products, Experimental design, Burning rate, Bio-
assay, 'Wood burning appliances, 'Indoor air pollu-
tion, 'Air pollution effects(Humans), Air pollution sam-
pling.
PB90-262916/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Pilot Evaluation of Enhanced E-SOx Process.
AcurexCorp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. C. S. Chang, and L. S. Hovis. 1990,24p EPA/600/D-
90/096
Contract EPA-68-02-4701
Presented at the Canadian Chemical Engineering Con-
ference (40th), Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, July 15-
21, 1990. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses pilot-plant tests with a 28 cu m/
min (1000 cfm) electrostatic precipitator (ESP) to
evaluate techniques that have a potential for enhanc-
ing the S02 removal of the E-SOx process for retrofit
application. The techniques investigated included
mass-transfer additives, improved gas/liquid contact,
product recycle, and recycle activation through a com-
bination of hydrating, heating, and mixing. Marginal ef-
fects were obtained with the mass-transfer additives
tested. Improving the gas-flow pattern and gas/liquid
contact had a positive influence on SO2 removal and
demonstrated the importance of flow control and
spraying system design. Significant S02 removal en-
hancement was obtained with recycle operation.
When the recycle material was further activated, S02
removal of 60-65% was achieved at a lime stoichiome-
tryof 1.2.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Electrostatic precipitators,
"Desulfurization, Combustion, Coal, Flue gases, Sulfur
dioxide, Calcium oxides, Pilot plants. Mass transfer,
*E-SOx process, Air pollution control, Stationary
sources.
PB90-262924/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Use of Natural Ventilation to Control Radon In
Single Family Dwelling*.
Princeton Univ., NJ. Center for Energy and Environ-
mental Studies.
A. Cavallo, C. Berkner, and K, Gadsby. 1990,9p EPA/
600/D-90/095
Grant EPA-R-814673
Presented at Indoor Air '90 held in Toronto (Canada)
on July 29-August 3,1990. Sponsored by Environmen-
tal Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses an examination of a fundamental
assumption in radon mitigation work, that natural venti-
lation is not very effective in lowering indoor radon
levels in buildings. (The mechanism by which ventila-
tion acted to reduce radon levels was considered to be
simple dilution; thus a factor of 10 increase in the air
exchange rate would be required to reduce radon
levels by this same factor.) The examination (In a natu-
ral ventilation experiment in a research house) showed
that this assumption is fundamentally incorrect. Meas-
uring the pressure field of a basement in conjunction
with the building air exchange rate shows that ventila-
tion reduces radon levels two ways: (1) by dilution, and
(2) by modification of the pressure field of the building
shell. The experiment indicates that effect (2) is much
more important than (1)—dilution—and that natural ven-
tilation can cause a much larger reduction in radon
levels than was previously believed possible.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Ventilation, 'Radon,
Environmental engineering, Air flow, Basements, Resi-
dential buildings, Performance evaluation, Pressure
distribution, Concentration(Composition), 'Indoor air
pollution, Air pollution sampling, Mitigation.
PB90-262932/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Statistical Analysis of Weekly Averaged Radon
Levels in Three Residences Over a Complete
Year. Rept. for Sep 89-Feb 90.
Princeton Univ., NJ. Center for Energy and Environ-
mental Studies.
T. A. Reddy, F. B. Molineaux, and R. H. Socolow. 1990,
8p EPA/600/D-90/094
Grant EPA-R-814673
Presented at Indoor Air 1990, Toronto, Canada, July
29-August 3, 1990. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper gives results of a statistical analysis of
weekly averaged indoor radon levels in three houses
in the Princeton, NJ, area for which year-long continu-
ous measurements of radon and other climatic and
house parameters were available. It presents and dis-
cusses linear regression models of indoor radon, iden-
tified based on physical considerations rather than on
those that yield the highest goodness-of-fit to actual
data. Finally, certain aspects related to the experimen-
tal design of the instrumentation protocol are ad-
dressed.
Keywords: 'Statistical analysis, 'Radon, Houses,
Linear regression, Mathematical models,
Concentration(Composition), Experimental design,
Time series analysis, Environmental engineering, Con-
tinuous sampling, 'Indoor air pollution, 'Air pollution
sampling, Princeton(New Jersey).
PB9O-262940/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Planning for Quality Tn Radon Mitigation. Rept. for
Sep 87-Aug 88.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
W. M. Yeager, J. S. Ford, and D. B. Harris. 1990,9p
EPA/600/D-90/093
Contract EPA-68-02-4291
Presented at Indoor Air 1990, Toronto, Canada, July
29-August 3,1990. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper describes the integration of quality assur-
ance (QA) into each phase of radon mitigation: initial
problem assessment, premitigation diagnostics, miti-
gation system specification and installation diagnos-
tics, and post-mitigation diagnostics. During each
phase, the interests and responsibilities of the different
parties (individuals, companies, and governments)
must be understood in order to ensure the quality of
the installed mitigation system. Residential radon re-
duction requires that houses be individually evaluated
to identify the source(s) of radon, to select an appropri-
ate mitigation technique, to design the mitigation
system, and to confirm that the installed system is ef-
fective. A variety of measurements in addition to radon
levels may be necessary to accomplish these objec-
tives. QA practices and quality control (QC) proce-
dures can be applied to ensure that sufficient informa-
tion of known quality is available to make design deci-
sions and that the final system is properly installed,
safe, and effective.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Radon, Manage-
ment planning. Quality assurance, Quality control,
Design criteria, Decision makina, Specifications,
Sources, Houses, 'Indoor air pollution, Diagnostic
techniques, Mitigation.
PB90-262967/H8U	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy EngineeringResearch Lab.
Air and Pollutant Movement In a Building Can Be
Evaluated Using CO as a Surrogate.
AcurexCorp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
M. D. Jackson, L. E. Sparks, B. A. Tichenor, Z. Guo,
and K. A. Krebs. 1990,9p EPA/600/D-90/092
Contract EPA-68-02-4701
Presented at Indoor Air 1990, Toronto, Canada, July
29-August 3,1990. Sponsored by Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and
Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses tracer tests conducted to deter-
mine how indoor conditions may affect pollutant levels,
prior to initiating a study of the indoor use of aerosol
products. (NOTE: Aerosol product use indoors can
cause elevated concentrations of vapor-phase organic
compounds.) Carbon monoxide (CO) was chosen to
represent gas-phase emissions from aerosol products.
CO is easy to monitor over a range of 0-200 ppm, and
background levels expected in indoor environments
are quits low (<1-3 ppm). CO was released in the
bathroom of a test house, and CO distribution through-
out the house was followed under several scenarios,
including: a bathroom vent fan on/off, the furnace tan
on/off, doors open/closed, and windows open/
closed. Because of the concentration of CO used, a
safety plan was in effect during all tests. The ability to
use CO as a surrogate was evaluated by using a com-
mercially available home spot remover containing
perchloroethylene (perc). The product was used per
package directions and released in the same location
and conditions used in the CO tests. The distribution of
perc was followed using gas chromatography. The re-
sults of the air movement study and the evaluation of
how well CO can serve as a surrogate are presented.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, 'Residential buildings, Air flow,
Carbon monoxide, Concentration(Composition),
Chemical analysis, Mass spectroscopy, Experimental
design, Environmental engineering, Indoor air pollu-
tion, 'Tracer studies, 'Air pollution sampling, 'Air pol-
lution detection, Ethylene/perchloro, Air quality.
PB90-262965/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Building HVAC/Foundatlon Diagnostics for Radon
Mitigation in Schools: Part 2. Technical Session T-
20.
Camroden Associates, Rome, NY.
K. W. Leovic, D. B. Harris, A. B. Craig, M. Clarkin, and
W. A. Turner. 1990,10p EPA/600/D-90/091
Contracts PR 0D03O0NASA, PR 0DO5010NALX
Presented at Indoor Air 1990, Toronto, Canada, July
29-August 3,1990. Prepared in cooperation with Harri-
man Associates, Auburn, ME. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses a case study of radon diagnostics
and mitigation procedures performed in a school re-
searched by the U.S. EPA in New York State. It dis-
cusses building construction details, radon diagnostic
measurements, mitigation system details, and post-
mitigation radon levels. Elevated radon levels have
been identified in school buildings throughout the U.S.
and, as a result, the EPA has been researching radon
reduction techniques for schools since early 1988. Ini-
tial research has addressed subslab depressurization,
a successful radon reduction technique for many
houses. Radon levels in schools can be influenced by
the heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC)
system's effect on the pressure relationship of the
building envelope. As a result, HVAC strategies for
radon control have been used successfully in some
schools.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Radon, 'Environ-
mental engineering, 'School buildings, Heating, Air
conditioning, Ventilation, Performance evaluation,
Concentration(Composition), 'Indoor air pollution, Ra-
diation monitoring, Mitigation, Subslab depressuriza-
tion systems, Case studies.
PB90-262M1/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Evaluation of Indoor Air Pollutant Sinks for Vapor
Phase Organic Compounds. Rept. for Jun 89-Feb
90.
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC. Environ-
mental Systems Div.
B. Tichenor, Z. Guo, M. Mason, and J. Dunn. 1990,9p
EPA/600/D-90/090
Contract EPA-68-02-4701
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Presented at Indoor Air 1990, Toronto, Canada, July
29-August 3, 1990. Prepared in cooperation with Ar-
kansas Univ., Fayetteville. Dept. of Mathematical Sci-
ences. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lab.
The paper reports on small chamber tests and on the
development of sink models based on fundamental
mass transfer theory. The interaction of indoor air pol-
lutants with interior surfaces (i.e., sinks) is a well
known, but poorly understood phenomenon. Studies
have shown that re-emissions of adsorbed organic
vapors can contribute to elevated concentrations in
indoor environments. Research is being conducted in
small environmental test chambers to develop data for
predicting sink behavior.
Keywords: 'Mass transfer, 'Air pollution, Mathemati-
cal models, Tetrachloroethylene, Ethyl benzene, Test
chambers, Chemical analysis, Adsorption, Desorption,
'Indoor air pollution, Stationary sources, Volatile
matter, Building materials.
PB90-262999/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Remediation Completed: But Is the Groundwater
Meeting the Safe Drinking Water Act Require-
ment*. Haztech International 90. Held in Houston,
Texas on May 8-10,1990.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
J. A. Goodrich, B. W. Lykins, R. M. Clark, and E. T.
Oppelt. May 90,22p EPA/600/D-90/089
Groundwater treatment is a theme that runs through
several of EPA's programs including Drinking Water,
Superfund, Underground Storage Tanks, RCRA, etc.
Frequently the same terms are used in the different
programs with quite different meanings. For example,
the phrase 'pump and treat' means one thing when
one is considering treating groundwater for potable
purposes and something quite different for superfund
remediation. Another confusing term is 'site remedi-
ation". Site remediation can mean different things to
different people depending on their particular point-of-
view. Still another problem is the development of tech-
nology under one program that could be used effec-
tively in another program. Institutional barriers fre-
quently limit the transfer of useful research between
programs. The purpose of the paper is to discuss tech-
nology research being conducted in drinking water that
might be useful to some of these other programs.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Potable water, Water
treatment, Requirements, Pumping, Technology trans-
fer, Monitoring, Water wells, Design, Sites, Water pol-
lution, Sources, Hydrogeology, Cost analysis, 'Drink-
ing water.
PB90-263005/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Environmental Protection Agency Indoor Air
Quality and Work Environment Study: Health
Symptoms and Comfort Concerns. Final rept.
Westat, Inc., Rockville, MD. Research Div.
C. J. Nelson, B. P. Leaderer, K. Teichman, L. Wallace,
and M. Kollander. Apr 90,9p EPA/600/D-90/116
Contract EPA-68-01-7359
Prepared in cooperation with Yale Univ., New Haven,
CT. Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research
and Exposure Assessment Lab.
In recent years, employees at the three headquarters
buildings of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) in the Washington, DC, area have expressed
concerns about air quality and work environment dis-
comforts. In February 1989, a two-stage study of
health and comfort concerns and physical characteris-
tics of the environment was undertaken to assess the
nature and spatial distribution of employee health
symptoms and comfort concerns in an attempt to de-
termine if associations exist between employee re-
sponses and specific workplace conditions. The report
presents a descriptive summary of the results of a
questionnaire survey of all EPA Headquarters employ-
ees.
Keywords: 'Industrial atmospheres, 'Office buildings,
Exposure, Questionnaires, Signs and symptoms, Per-
sonnel, 'Occupational safety and health, US EPA,
1664 Vol. 90, No. 24
'Work environments, 'Indoor air pollution, Air quality,
Comfort.
PB90-263013/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Characterization of Kerosene Heater Emissions
Inside Two Mobile Homes.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Ldb
R. M. Burton, R. A. Seila, W. E. Wilson, D. A. Pahl, and
J. L. Mumford. Mar 90,10p EPA/600/D-90/115
Prepared in cooperation with Harvard School of Public
Health, Boston, MA.
In an effort to determine the impact of kerosene heater
emissions on indoor air quality, measurements were
made in and around two mobile homes at a rural
mobile home park near Apex, NC. The sampling was
performed at two single-wide mobile homes equipped
with kerosene heaters. The concentrations of acidic
aerosols and gases, fine and coarse particulate aero-
sol mass, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile
organic compounds and semivolatiles, were deter-
mined for periods of heater operation and for periods
in which heaters were not operated. Simultaneous out-
door measurements of acid aerosols and gases, fine
and coarse aerosol mass, and volatile organic com-
pounds were conducted to determine the contribution
of outdoor pollutants to the indoor concentrations.
Comparisons between the concentrations obtained
from the analysis of outdoor, heater-on, and heater-off
samples allowed the authors to examine the impacts
of the kerosene emissions on indoor concentrations.
Concentrations of sulfates, aerosol strong acidity, fine
and coarse aerosol mass, carbon monoxide, and sulfur
dioxide were found to be higher when the heater was
operated; however, these neater-on concentrations
were comparable to those observed in moderately pol-
luted atmospheres. Indoor concentrations of nitrous
acid and nitrogen oxides during heater operation were
found to be considerably higher than those observed
in polluted atmospheres. Finally, use of kerosene heat-
ers was found to be responsible for increased concen-
trations of non-methane volatile and semi-volatile or-
ganic compounds indoors. Acid aerosol indoor con-
centrations were quite variable during the study and
were found to exist in the presence of excess ammo-
nia.
Keywords: Heating fuels, Heating equipment, Environ-
mental engineering, Concentration(Composition), Air
pollution, Aerosols, Nitrogen oxides, Fines, Carbon
monoxide, Kerosene, 'Indoor air pollution, 'Air quality,
'Air pollution sampling, 'Mobile homes, Volatile organ-
ic compounds.
PB90-263021/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Apportionment of Residential Indoor Aerosol,
VOC, and Aldehyde Species to Indoor and Out-
door Sources.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
C. W. Lewis, R. B. Zweidinger, and R. K. Stevens.
1990, 8p EPA/600/D-90/114
Presented at the International Conference on Indoor
Air Quality and Climate (5th), Toronto (Canada).
The average concentrations of a large number of fine
particle aerosol, VOC and aldehyde species measured
in ten Boise, ID residences in wintertime have been ap-
portioned according to their contributions from all
inside sources and all outside sources. The method
depends on the availability of average concentrations
measured outside each residence during the same
sampling periods used for the inside measurements,
and on the ability to identify one or more species that
have negligible indoor sources.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, Concentration(Composition),
Residential building, Fines, Particles, Aerosols, Alde-
hydes, 'Indoor air pollution, 'Air pollution sampling,
Pollution sources, Volatile organic compounds.
PB90-263039/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Practical Experience In Analysis of Organic Com-
unds In Ambient Air Using Canister* and Sor-
nts. Symposium paper.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. G. Merrill, D. P. Dayton, J. Rice, R. A. McAllister, and
D. E. Wagoner. Jun 90,14p EPA/600/D-90/113
Presented at the A and WMA Annual Meeting (83rd)
held in Pittsburgh, PA. on June 24-29, 1990. Spon-
sored by Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC.
Generation of accurate ambient air VOC pollutant
measurement data as a basis for regulatory decisions
is critical. Air methods available through the Environ-
mental Protection Agency are contained in the 'Com-
pendium of Methods for the Determination of Toxic Or-
ganic Compounds in Ambient Air.' Some of the meth-
ods in this Compendium are developed and validated
only in a single laboratory. Some represent a synthesis
of the procedures performed in a number of laborato-
ries. The range of applicability of the methods is de-
fined only in general outline, with very little specific
data available to assess the performance of the total
methodology for a large number of compounds. There
are many criteria which must be considered in the se-
lection of methodology for ambient air sampling and
analysis. Both canisters and sorbents may be used for
Volatile Organic Compounds. There is considerable
latitude regarding selection of analytical methodology:
mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chroma-
tography, and gas chromatography with a variety of
detectors are used at various times for various rea-
sons. Even the exact type of measurement to be taken
will vary according to program needs and the ultimate
use of the data. The quality of the air measurement
data is also a function of the skill, competence, and ex-
perience of both the field study collection team and the
laboratory which is executing the methodology. The
paper presents examples of Radian Corporation's ex-
perience with ambient air measurement techniques.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Chemical analysis, Sor-
bents, Organic compounds, 'Air samplers, Toxic sub-
stances, Volatile matter, Air pollution control.
PB90-263047/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Sampling Semlvolatlle Organic Compounds in
Indoor Air. Symposium paper.
Battelle Columbus Div., OH.
N. K. Wilson, J. C. Chuang, and M. R. Kuhlman. 1990
8p EPA/600/D-90/112
Contract EPA-68-02-4127
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
Semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are distrib-
uted in air between the particulate and the vapor
phases. Samplers for SVOCs in indoor air must there-
fore collect both airborne particles and vapors. Two
prototype indoor samplers for SVOCs were developed
Both are quiet, transportable, and operate entirely
within the sampled environment. The authors evaluat-
ed their performance and estimated the ranges of
indoor SVOC concentrations in four small indoor air
studies.
Keywords: 'Air pollution, 'Gas sampling, 'Vapors Ar-
omatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Field tests. Adsorb-
ents, Quinolines, Prototypes, Volatility, 'Indoor air pol-
lution, Air samplers.
PB90-263054/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Comparative Analysis of Dloxins and Furans bv
Electron Impact, High Resolution Mass Spectronv
•try and by Electron Capture, Negative Ionization
Low Resolution Mass Spectrometry.
Indiana Univ. at Bloomington.
C. J. Koester, R. L. Hariess, and R. A. Hites. 1990 4n
EPA/600/D-90/111	' F
Grant EPA-R-812588
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and
Exposure Assessment Lab.
Electron impact, high resolution mass spectrometry
(HRMS) is currently the method of choice for the anal-
ysis of polychlorinated dibenso-p-dtoxins and dibenzo-
furans (PCDD/F) because of its ability to detect
PCDD/F in the presence of interfering compounds
such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), which
cannot be resolved by low resolution methods The
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tron capture, negative ionization (ECNI) low resolution
mass spectrometry, providing extensive sample prepa-
ration is done to remove interferences. Before ECNI
low resolution mass spectrometry (MS) can be accept-
ed as a routine method for PCDD/F analysis, it is nec-
essary to show that results generated by this method
are comparable to those obtained by HRMS. Known
mixtures and unknown air samples were analyzed by
electron impact HRMS (Finnigan MAT 90 system) and
by ECNI low resolution MS (Hewlett Packard 5985B).
Both instruments were fitted with a gas chromatogra-
phic inlet. The PCDD/F concentrations determined by
the two techniques compare favorably, typically within
20%. The major difference between these two meth-
ods is that the ECNI low resolution method shows poor
sensitivity in detecting 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodioxin. How-
ever, ECNI MS offers the advantage of lower detection
limits (50-100 fg) than electron impact HRMS (0.1 to
0.5 pg). These results suggest that ECNI low resolu-
tion MS can be a simple, Tow cost alternative to the
common high resolution methods used for PCDD/F
analysis.
Keywords: 'Chlorine aromatic compounds, "Mass
spectroscopy, Ionization, Air pollution, Molecular struc-
ture, Hazardous materials, Reprints, Dioxins, Health
hazards, Air sampling, Trace contaminants.
PB90-263062/HSU	PC A02/MF AOI
Influence of Biogenic Emissions Estimates on
Ozone Precursor Control Requirements (or Atlan-
ta. Symposium paper.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
R. D. Scheffe, G. L. Gipson, and R. E. Morris. 1990,8p
EPA/600/D-90/110
Presented at the ITM on Air Pollution Modeling and Its
Applications (18th), Vancouver, B.C., May 13-17,
1990. Prepared In cooperation with Systems Applica-
tions, Inc., San Rafael, CA.
Emission estimates of volatile organic compounds
(VOC) from natural sources (biogenic emissions) are
comparable to emissions from anthropogenic sources
in some regions of the U.S. Results from a previous
modeling study indicated that inclusion of biogenic
emissions can substantially increase anthropogenic
VOC control requirements needed to lower peak
ozone to the level of the National Ambient Air Quality
Standard (NAAOS). The results reported here were
developed from analyses based on the Urban Airshed
Model (UAM), a gridded photochemical simulation
model offering a more complete characterization of
the processes leading to ozone formation than the
model used in the previous study. Results from a
series of simulations conducted in parallel with and
without biogenic emissions are presented.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Ozone, Study esti-
mates, Mathematical models, Combustion products,
Nitrogen oxides, Byproducts, 'Volatile organic com-
pounds, 'Urban Airshed Model, 'Natural emissions,
Research and development, Pollution sources.
PB90-263070/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Role of Microorganisms In the Bioremedlatlon of
the Oil Spill In Prince William Sound, Alaska.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
J. E. Rogers, R. Araujo, P. H. Pritchard, and H. H.
Tabak. 1990,15pEPA/600/D-90/119
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Alaskan
Bioremediation Project was initiated in the aftermath of
the March 24,1989, EXXON VALDEZ oil spill. The ob-
jective of the project was to demonstrate an alternative
cleanup method for oil-contaminated shorelines based
on enhancing natural biodegradation of the oil through
the addition of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients. The
enhancement process is a well-recognized and scien-
tifically sound approach to bioremediation but had
never been tested on a large scale in marine environ-
ments. The project was managed by EPA's Office of
Research and Development with financial, scientific,
and logistical support from the Exxon Company USA
under tne authority of the Federal Technology Transfer
Act.
Keywords: 'Biodeterioration, 'Microorganisms, 'Oil
pollution, 'Prince William Sound, Phosphorus, Nitro-
gen, Sands, Gravel, Harbors, Oil spills, Cleanup, Exxon
Valdez.
PB90-263088/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Modeling Geochemlcal Processes Attenuating In-
organic Contaminant Transport in the Subsurface
Region: Implementing Adsorption Processes,
March 1990.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
N. T. Loux, D. S. Brown, C. R. Chafin, J. D. Allison, and
S. M. Hassan. 1990,21 p EPA/600/D-90/118
See also PB90-116781. Presented at the Environmen-
tal Research Conference on Groundwater Quality and
Waste Disposal, Washington, DC., May 2-4,1989. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Technology Applications,
Inc., Athens, GA., Computer Sciences Corp., Athens,
GA., and Mansoura Univ. (Egypt).
The capability of an equilibrium speciation model, MIN-
TEQA2, for estimating total dissolved (and, hence,
mobile) metals concentrations in the saturated zone
below hazardous waste disposal sites was evaluated
in laboratory studies. Emphasis was placed on testing
the geochemical speciation portion of the model.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Ground water,
'Metals, 'Mathematical models, 'Geochemistry,
Waste disposal, Adsorption, Water pollution, Leaching,
Thermodynamics, Reprints, "Environmental transport,
MINTEQA2 model, Solid wastes, Land pollution.
PB90-263096/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Water Quality Study In an Arid Region Lake: Lake
Bosten Northwest China.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
2. Dongwei, S. C. McCutcheon, and Z. Guo-an. 1990,
9p EPA/600/D-90/117
Prepared in cooperation with Xinjiang Inst, for Environ-
mental Protection, Urumqi (China).
The paper gives a brief description of Lake Bosten, its
importance to Xinjiang Province of the PRC, objectives
of an on-going water quality study, and some prelimi-
nary results. The study is intended to determine the
feasibility of integrating modeling studies into resource
management in this part of China. This site seems well
suited for such an evaluation. Some data have been
collected since the 1950s and extensive data collec-
tion and study has been going on since 1987. The spe-
cific goals of the current study are to: (1) evaluate im-
portant factors in the water and salt balances in the
lake, (2) calibrate and validate hydrodynamic and
water quality models for the lake, and (3) simulate
management scenarios for the lake.
Keywords: 'Water pollution, "Lake Bosten, Water
quality, Mathematical models, Water supply, Size, Fea-
sibility, Drainage, Salinity, Spatial distribution, Runoff,
Evaporation, Water balance, Tables(Data), Northwest-
ern Region(Peoples Republic of China), Water levels.
PB90-2B3104/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Durability of Subslab Depressurlzatlon Radon
Mitigation System Performance.
Princeton Univ., NJ.
J. J. Gadsby, and D. T. Harrje. 1990,9p EPA/600/D-
90/109
Presented at the I AO '90 held in Toronto (Canada) on
July 29-August 3, 1990. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
The paper gives results of a review of the quarterly
performance of subslab depressurization (SSD) radon
mitigation systems in eight houses in the New Jersey
(NJ) Piedmont study and houses in which the NJ De-
partment of Environmental Protection measurements
have indicated operation at above the U.S. EPA guide-
line of 4 pCi/L. Quarterly radon levels, mitigation
system noise levels and flow rates, exhaust radon
level, moisture problems, and other pertinent operat-
ing parameters are evaluated. Homeowner influence
on the operation of the mitigation systems has been
documented and was shown to be the major cause of
above-guideline levels of radon in mitigated houses.
Keywords: 'Air pollution control, 'Houses, 'Radon,
Performance evaluation, Durability, New Jersey,
Guidelines, Concentratk>n(Comp9sitlon), Construction
materials, Basements, 'Indoor air pollution, "Subslab
depressurization systems, Radiation monitoring, Miti-
gation, Standards compliance, Soil gases.
PB90-263112/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Application of Corona Destruction as a Method to
Control Volatile Organic Compounds.
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
G. H. Ramsey, N. Plaks, W. H. Ponder, B. E. Daniel,
and L. E. Hamel. 1990,16p EPA/66/D-90/108
Contract EPA-68-02-4701
Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Air and Waste
Management Association (83rd), Pittsburgh, PA., June
24-29, 1990. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses Environmental Protection
Agency tests of two types of corona reactors. One
makes use of a bed of ferroelectric pellets across
which an alternating current electric field is impressed.
The other develops corona between two electrodes
that have been energized by a fast rise time (nanose-
cond range) electric field. Data from the experiments
to date show that the destruction efficiency for toluene
at optimum conditions was greater than 99% in both
the packed-bed and the pulsed reactor and that the
corona reaction occurs at ambient temperature.
Keywords: "Electric corona, "Air pollution control
equipment, Toluene, Ozone, Halohydrocarbons, Fer-
roelectric materials, Stationary sources. Volatile
matter.
PB90-263120/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Directory of Public Libraries. Toxic Chemical Re-
lease Inventory.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Information Management Div.
Feb 90,170p EPA/560/7-90/005
The Directory of Public Libraries is a compilation of
over 2,300 libraries designated by each State's Librari-
an to receive their state's microfiche containing data
collected under Section 313 (j) of the Emergency Plan-
ning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) Title
III of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization
Act of 1986-Public Law 99-499. Section 313 (j) of
EPCRA requires EPA to establish the National Toxic
Chemical Release Inventory (TRI) and to make the
data/information collected annually available to the
public through computer telecommunications and
other means. TRI is distributed, sold and available in
many different forms-online through the National Li-
brary of Medicine, CD-ROM, dBase, and Lotus floppy
diskettes, microfiche, magnetic tape. It is accessible to
the public in one or more of these forms from thou-
sands of locations nationwide, as well as several inter-
national locations, of which this Directory identifies
over 40% of those locations.
Keywords: 'Directories, 'Libraries, Chemical com-
pounds, information systems, States(United States),
Law(Jurisprudence), "Toxic substances, "Environ-
mental pollution, Distribution, Superfund, Public infor-
mation, Listings, Mariana Islands, Guam, Microfiche,
Puerto Rico, virgin Islands, Emergency plans.
PB90-263138/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Overview of U.S. EPA's Proposed Guidelines on
Exposure-Related Measurements. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
M. Callahan, J. Segna, and W. Wood. May 89,10p
OHEA-E-316, EPA/600/D-90/149
Presented at the Conference on Exposure Assess-
ment Strategies American Industrial Hygiene Associa-
tion, St. Louis, Missouri, May 23,1989.
The Guidelines for Estimating Exposure provided the
general principles and a logical process to follow in
evaluating exposure for risk assessment purposes.
This past December the U.S. EPA published in the
Federal Register proposed additional guidelines in the
form of Exposure-Related Measurements. These pro-
posed guidelines significantly expanded the concept
of exposure assessment related to the 1986 guide-
lines. As part of the proposed guidelines, three general
approaches to exposure assessment are discussed,
namely predictive, reconstructive, and direct exposure
assessments. Within these three approaches, the
guidelines discuss the purpose of making exposure-re-
tted measurements, as well as using measurements
In exposure assessments. In addition, the guidelines
also propose a glossary of terms which describes or
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
defines commonly used terms in exposure assess-
ments.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, Quality control,
Quality assurance, "Risk assessment, "Health haz-
ards, "Environmental exposure, Dose-response rela-
tionships, Pharmacokinetics.
PB90-263146/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Incorporating Cell Proliferation In Quantitative
Cancer Risk Assessment: Approaches, Issues,
and Uncertainties. Symposium paper (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
C. Chen, and W. Farland. Feb 90,45p OHEA-C-359,
EPA/600/D-90/148
Presented at a Symposium on Chemically Induced Cell
Proliferation: Implications for Risk Assessment, Austin,
Texas, November 29-December 2,1989.
A two-stage tumor growth model that explicitly incor-
porates mitotic rate of initiated cells is developed. As
an example, the model is applied to data from dinitro-
toluene (DNT) studies to demonstrate how information
on preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions can be incor-
porated into the dose-response model, to critically ex-
amine its implication for quantitative risk assessment,
and to simulate issues, problems, and data gaps that
may arise when one attempts to incorporate cell prolif-
eration into the quantitative risk estimation.
Keywords: "Cell division, "Carcinogens, Dinitrotolu-
ene, "Carcinogenesis, "Risk assessment, Cultured
tumor cells, Dose-response relationships.
PB90-263153/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
EPA Perspective on Biomarkers Research: How
Do You Get There from Here.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. R. Fowle. 1990,7p EPA/600/D-90/124
Two primary forces drive EPA's biomarker research ef-
forts: advances in the state-of-the-science and the
need to reduce uncertainties in health risk assess-
ment. Scientific advances in molecular biology over
the past few decades have resulted in an increased
understanding of life processes. This knowledge cou-
pled with advances in clinical chemistry, toxicology,
and occupational medicine provides scientists with
techniques to evaluate human tissues, fluids and
breath samples for evidence of chemical exposure and
biological effects. EPA's office of Research and Devel-
opment evaluated the current status of biomarkers
r^n a r®sPec*rls* assessment needs to develop an
EPA health research strategy for biomarkers. The ini-
tial focus will be on measures for exposure evaluation.
The paper discusses EPA's biomarker strategy em-
phasizing ways biomarkers can be employed in TEAM
Studies.
Keywords: "Toxicology, Body fluids, Tissues(Biology),
Exposure, Field tests, "Biological markers, "Environ-
ment pollutants, Risk assessment, Health hazards.
PB90-263161/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
Determination of Nonequilibrium Aerodynamic
Parameters of Hygroscopic Particles.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
A. D. Eisner, M. K. Mazumder, and T. B. Martonen.
1990, 5p EPA/600/D-90/123
Prepared in cooperation with NSI Technology Services
Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
It is shown that during the inspiration of hygroscopic
aerosols into a surrogate lung, where nonconstant
temperature and humidity patterns exist, particles may
not reach equilibrium dimensions associated with pre-
vailing local temperature and relative humidity prior to
deposition. The experimental regimen is being dis-
cussed, and laboratory results presented.
Keywords: "Hygroscopicity, "Aerosols, "Particles,
Temperature, Humidity, Respiratory system, Surface
properties, Equilibrium, Kinetics, Air pollution
effects(Humans), Health effects.
1666 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB90-263179/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Unvented Kerosene Heater Emissions in Mobile
Homes: Studies on Indoor Air Particles, Semivola-
tile Organics, Carbon Monoxide, and Mutagenic-
ity.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
J. L. Mumford, J. Lewtas, R. M. Burton, D. B.
Svendsgaard, and V. S. Houk. 1990,10p EPA/600/D-
90/122
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Health
Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park,
NC., and Battelle Columbus Div., OH.
The study was conducted to assess human exposure
to air pollutants resulting from the use of kerosene
heaters in mobile homes. It has been estimated that
15-17 million unvented kerosene heaters have been
sold in the United States, and 33% of these heaters
have been sold to mobile home residents. The emis-
sions from kerosene heaters can result in high pollut-
ants levels in mobile homes that have a small air
volume and low ventilation rate. Indoor air exchange
rate, temperature, and humidity were measured.
Chemical analyses, including polycyclic aromatic hy-
drocarbon (PAH) and nitro PAH, also were performed
on the indoor air samples from a selected home with
the kerosene heater on and off. Increases in CO and
organic concentrations resulting from the use of kero-
sene heaters were found in most homes monitored.
Chemical analysis data also suggested the presence
of evaporated, unburned kerosene fuel present in se-
mivolatile organics collected in the XAD samples.
When kerosene heaters were on, 56% of the sampling
days (in all homes) showed dose-response mutagenic
activity and 19% showed mutagenic activity on the
heater-off days. In comparison with the U.S. national
ambient air standards, four out of the eight heaters in-
vestigated in this study emitted pollutants that exceed-
ed the ambient air standards some days. These data
suggested that emissions from unvented kerosene
heaters can significantly impact indoor air quality in
mobile homes and that these emissions contain carci-
nogenic compounds and can be potentially carcino-
genic in humans.
Keywords: "Public health, Ventilation, Heating equip-
ment, Heating fuels, Exposure, Toxicity, Kerosene, En-
vironmental engineering, Concentration(Composition),
Particles, Carbon monoxide, Mutagens, Carcinogens,
Chemical analysis, "Indoor air pollution, "Mobile
homes, "Air pollution effects(Humans), Air pollution
sampling, Air quality, Air pollution detection, Dose-re-
sponse relationships.
PB90-263203/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Impact of Toxic Organic Chemicals on the Kinet-
ics of Acetoclastic Methanogenesls.
Arkansas Univ., Fayetteville. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
C. Davies-Venn, J. C. Young, and H. H. Tabak. 1990,
32p EPA/600/D-90/137
Grant EPA-R-814488-01-3
Presented at the ACS Environmental Chemistry Divi-
sion Symposium on Chemical and Biochemical Detoxi-
fication of Hazardous Wastes II, Miami Beach, FL„
September 10-15,1989. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction En-
gineering Lab.
A knowledge of the effect of toxic organic chemicals
on the biotransformation characteristics of organic co-
substrates is essential for predicting the impact of
these chemicals in anaerobic processes. Bench-scale
tests were conducted to assess the impact of toxic or-
ganic chemicals on the kinetics of acetoclastic meth-
anogenesis and to determine the relationship between
kinetic parameters obtained under non-toxic and toxic
conditions. A computer model based on a finite differ-
ence non-linear least squares algorithm was used to
calculate the kinetic parameters by obtaining a best-fit
of the experimental data to the Michaelis-Menten sub-
strate utilization model. Resulting kinetic coefficients
revealed significant changes in both the maximum rate
of acetate conversion, and the half-velocity coefficient,
when using both chlorophenols and chloroanilines.
Therefore, mixed inhibition was occurring. However,
non-competitive mechanisms predominated with
chemicals containing the 2-chloro functional group
while competitive mechanisms seemed to predomi-
nate with the 3- and 4-chloro functional groups.
Keywords: "Biodeterioration, "Reaction kinetics, Chlo-
rine organic compounds, Biomass, Bacteria, Mathe-
matical models, Molecular structure, Solid waste dis-
posal, Toxic substances, Biogas process.
PB90-263211/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Determination of Biodegradabillty Kinetics of
RCRA Compounds Using Resplrometry for Struc-
ture-Activity Relationships.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
H. H. Tabak, S. Desai, and R. Govind. C1990,21p
EPA/600/D-90/136
Presented at the Industrial Waste Conference (44th)
held in West Lafayette, Indiana on May 9-11, 1989.
Prepared in cooperation with Cincinnati Univ., OH.
Dept. of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering.
Electrolytic respirometry is attaining prominence in bio-
degradation studies and is becoming one of the more
suitable experimental methods for measuring the bio-
degradability and the kinetics of biodegradation of
toxic organic compounds by the sewage, sludge, and
soil microbiota and for determining substrate inhibitory
effects to microorganisms in wastewater treatment
systems. The purpose of the study was to obtain infor-
mation on biological treatability of the benzene,
phenol, phthalate, ketone organics and of the Super-
fund CERCLA organics bearing wastes in wastewater
treatment systems which will support the development
of an EPA technical guidance document on the dis-
charge of the above organics to POTWs. The paper
discusses the experimental design and procedural
steps for the respirometric biodegradation and toxicity
testing approach for individual organics or specific in-
dustrial wastes at different concentration levels in a
mineral salts medium. A developed multi-level protocol
is presented for determination of the biodegradability,
microbial acclimation to toxic substrates and first order
kinetic parameters of biodegradation for estimation of
the Monod kinetic parameter of toxic organic com-
pounds, in order to correlate the extent and rate of bio-
degradation with a predictive model based on chemi-
cal properties and molecular structure of these com-
pounds. Respirometric biodegradation/inhibition and
biokinetic data are provided for representative RCRA
alkyl benzene and ketone organics.
Keywords: "Biodeterioration, "Reaction kinetics, "Mo-
lecular structure, "Waste disposal, Organic com-
pounds, Sewage treatment, Biochemistry, Sewage dis-
posal, Sludge disposal, Chemical properties, Experi-
mental design, Microorganisms, Industrial wastes, Re-
prints, "Superfund, "Toxic substances, "Respiro-
meters, Environmental fate, Resource Conservation
and Recovery Act, Biological effects.
PB90-263229/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
NATO/CCMS Pilot Study on Demonstration of Re-
medial Action Technologies for Contaminated
Land and Groundwater: 1988 Activities.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
D. E. Sanning, M. A. Smith, and R. M. Bell. C1988, 12d
EPA/600/D-90/135
Pub. in Contaminated Soil '88 p1563-1572 1988. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Clayton, Bostock, Hill and
Rigby, Birmingham (England), and Liverpool Univ.
(England). Environmental Advisory Unit.
The paper describes the nature, structure and content
of the NATO Committee on the Challenges of Modern
Society (CCMS) Pilot Study 'Demonstration of Reme-
dial Action Technologies for Contaminated Land and
Groundwater' and the associated CCMS Fellowship
program. To date, twelve projects in six countries have
been selected for inclusion in the program which will
involve periodic expert review during the five years for
which the project will run. The paper draws special at-
tention to the work on microbial clean up techniques
included in the program, and the outcome of the first
international meeting held in Washington, D.C in
1987.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Water pollution
control, Ground water, Research projects. Perform-
ance evaluation, Site surveys, Meetings, Reviews
International relations, Reprints, "Foreign technology'
"Remedial action, 'Soil contamination, "Waste man-
agement, NATO, Technology utilization, Technology
transfer, Cleanup operations, Demonstration pro-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-263237/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Determination of Monod Kinetics of Toxic Com-
pounde by Resplrometry for Structure-Biodegra-
dablllty Relationships.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
R. Govind, S. Desai, and H. H. Tabak. c1990,23p
EPA/600/D-90/134
Presented at the American Chemical Society, I and EC
Division Spring Symposium on Emerging Technologies
tor Hazardous Waste Treatment, Atlanta, GA., May 1-
4,1989. Prepared in cooperation with Cincinnati Univ.,
OH. Dept. of Chemical Engineering.
The key to the evaluation of the fate of toxic organic
chemicals in the environment is dependant on evaluat-
ing their susceptibility to biodegradation. Biodegrada-
tion is one of the most important mechanisms in con-
trolling the concentration of chemicals in an aquatic
system because toxic pollutants can be mineralized
and rendered harmless. Experiments using an electro-
lytic respirometer have been conducted to collect
oxygen consumption data of toxic compounds from
the list of RCRA and RCRA land banned chemicals
(phenols and phthalates). The estimation of Monod ki-
netic parameters were obtained for all the compounds
by a graphical method. The first order kinetic constants
for the substituted phenols were related to the struc-
ture of the compounds by the group contribution
method.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Biodeterioration,
•Reaction kinetics, 'Water pollution, Hazardous mate-
rials, Toxicity, Microorganisms, Oxygen consumption,
Aquatic biology, Measurement, Substrates, Schematic
diagrams, Phenols, Cresols, Phthalates,
Concentration(Composition), Mathematical models,
Reaction mechanisms, Electrolytic respirometer.
PB90-263252/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Screening Protocol for Assessing Toxicity of Or-
ganic Chemicals to Anaerobic Processes.
Arkansas Univ., Fayetteville. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
J. C. Young, and H. H. Tabak. Feb 89,23p EPA/600/
D-90/133
Grant EPA-R-814488-01-2
Proceedings of the A and WMA/EPA International
Symposium on Hazardous Waste Treatment: Biosys-
tems for Pollution Control, Cincinnati, OH., February
20-23, 1989. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering
Lab., and Air and Waste Management Association,
Pittsburgh, PA.
A screening protocol has been developed to provide a
rapid and repeatable assessment of the effect of toxic
organic chemicals on anaerobic treatment processes.
The protocol also provides information on the rate lim-
iting biological reactions and the concentrations at
which changes in reaction rate take place. General
features of the protocol include relative ease of use,
relatively short response time - days versus months,
low labor requirements, use of conventional laboratory
techniques, reproducibility among laboratories, and it
builds on previously developed protocols and proce-
dures. The screening protocol consists of three steps:
STEP I is a pre-screen to identify the range of toxic
impact of a chemical; STEP II is a short-term batch test
to identify the effect of slug doses of chemical and to
show which anaerobic reaction is inhibited first; STEP
III is a semi-continuous culture test to identify the con-
centration at which specific inhibitory effects take
place.
Keywords: 'Biodeterioration, 'Anaerobic processes,
Bioassay, Culture media, Screening(Selection), 'Toxic
substances, 'Pollution control.
PB90-263260/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Acid Aerosol Deposition In the Developing Human
Lung. Symposium paper.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
T. B. Martonen. 1990, 7p EPA/600/D-90/132
Computations of aerosol deposition as affected by (i)
aerosol hygroscopicity, and (II) human age, have been
done using a validated theoretical model. The behavior
of inhaled H2S04 particles subsequent to water vapor
uptake significantly influences their relative spatial dis-
tribution patterns within human lungs. These observa-
tions must be accounted for In risk assessment proto-
cols since compartments of the lung have distinctive
clearance processes and reactions to toxic materials.
Calculations also establish that subject age is a critical
variable to incorporate into health effects studies. This
is of particular importance since children are a poten-
tially sensitive subpopulation of concern related to in-
halation exposures to airborne contaminants.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, 'Lung, 'Aging(Biology), Hygros-
copicity, Growth, Children, Particles, Reprints, 'Sulfu-
ric acid, 'Air pollution effects(Humans), Toxic sub-
stances, Health hazards.
PB90-263286/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Measurement of Aerodynamic Size and Related
Risk Assessment of Airborne Fibers.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
T, B. Martonen. 1990,9pEPA/600/D-90/130
The constituent particles of many ambient and work-
place aerosols of health effects concerns are of fi-
brous and aggregate geometric shapes. The deposi-
tion sites of innaied particles in the human respiratory
system are primarily related to their aerodynamic diam-
eters. Therefore, to assess potential exposure hazards
it is necessary to have accurate kinetic classifications
of airborne particulate matter. A tested theory of oper-
ation is given so centrifugal spectrometers can give
direct and continuously graded measures of the aero-
dynamic size distributions of irregular aerosols. Aero-
sol centrifuge performance therefore can be custom-
ized to specific applications and be integrated into
health effects studies.
Keywords: 'Aerosols, 'Respiratory system, 'Fibers,
Spectroscopy, Geometry, Aerodynamics, 'Health haz-
ards, 'Air pollution effects(Humans), 'Risk assess-
ment, Occupational exposure.
PB90-263294/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Ozone Health Effects and Emerging Issues In Re-
lation to Standards Setting. Journal article.
New York Univ. Medical Center, NY. Inst, of Environ-
mental Medicine.
M. Lippmann. C1989,14p EPA/600/D-90/129
Grant EPA-R-811563
Pub. in Atmospheric Ozone Research and Its Policy
Implications, p21-35 1989.Portions of this document
are not fully legible. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Our current knowledge of 03 exposure and health ef-
fects is growing rapidly. Transient respiratory function
effects accumulate throughout an exposure day, and
ambient exposures have broad daily peaks. 03 expo-
sures also produce changes in airway inflammation
and permeability. Healthy adults engaged for 1/2 hour
in outdoor exercise show greater responses than
those observed in chamber studies involving 1 or 2
hours of exposure, indicating potentiation of the 03 re-
sponse by other environmental exposures. Acute
animal studies show biochemical and structural re-
sponses to 03 are potentiated by co-exposure to N02
and H2S04. Chronic animal studies show that 03 ef-
fects on lung structure accumulate, and several recent
epidemiological studies suggest that cumulative func-
tional effects are occurring In people. Recent research
has also shown: (1) a seasonal variation in functional
responsiveness in humans; (2) that a seasonal pattern
of daily exposure in monkeys produces greater
changes in the lung than a continuous pattern of daily
exposures at the same concentration; and (3) that
transient exposures produce persistent responses.
(Copyright (c) 1989 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.
Amsterdam.)
Keywords: 'Ozone, Respiratory system, Exposure,
Exercise(Physiology), Seasonal variations, Epidemiol-
ogy, Standards, Reprints, 'Air pollution
enects(Humans), Airway resistance, Health hazards,
Pulmonary alveoli, Macrophages.
PB90-263302/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Dermal Absorption and Pharmacokinetics of Pes-
tickles In Rats.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
P. V. Shah, H. L. Fisher, M. R. Sumler, and L. L. Hall.
C1990,20p EPA/600/D-90/128
Prepared in cooperation with Northrop Services, Inc.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Dermal absorption and disposition of carbaryl, carbo-
furan, chlordecone, hexachlorobiphenyl and dinoseb
were studied in female Fischer 344 rats. Acetone solu-
tion on the (14)C labeled pesticide was applied to a
previously clipped mid-dorsal region of the back. At
various time intervals, animals were killed and selected
organs were analyzed for radioactive (14)C content. A
physiological compartmental model was fitted to the
skin penetration, tissue distribution, and excretion
data. The equilibrium tissue to blood ratios and excre-
tion rate constants and skin absorption rate were de-
termined from the model. In many cases, differences in
kinetics and retention were found between young and
adult rats. The dermal penetration function was single
or biexponential, requiring a one or two compartmental
model for simulating the skin penetration process.
(Copyright (c) 1989 American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: 'Pesticides, Acetone, Rats, In vivo analy-
sis, Tables(Data), Reprints, 'Pharmacokinetics, 'Skin
absorption, Tissue distribution, Polychlorobiphenyl
compounds, Carbaryl, Carbofuran, Chlordecone, Dino-
seb.
PB90-263310/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Odor and Irritation Effects of a Volatile Organic
Compound Mixture.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC. Inhalation Toxicology Div.
H. K. Hudnell, O. D. Otto, L. Mohave, and D. E. House.
1990,7p EPA/600/D-90/127
Proceedings of International Conference on Indoor Air
Quality and Climate, Toronto (Canada), July 29-August
3, 1990. Prepared in cooperation with Aarhus Univ.
(Denmark). Inst, for Miljoe- og Arbeidsmedicin.
Human exposure to volatile organic compounds elicits
a variety of symptoms, many of which are thought to
be mediated by the olfactory and trigeminal systems.
The report describes evidence indicating that per-
ceived odor intensity diminishes during prolonged ex-
posure, whereas irritation of the eyes and throat
reaches an asymptotic level. Both odor and irritation
appear to influence the assessment of air quality. Re-
sults of the study will be used in designing future
indoor air studies related to sick building syndrome.
Keywords: 'Odors, Olfactory nerve, Exposure, Ques-
tionnaires, Reprints, 'Volatile organic compounds,
'Indoor air pollution, 'Irritants, Trigeminal nerve.
PB90-263468/HSU	PC A03/MF AOt
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Case Study: Multlpollutant Indoor Air Quality
Study of 300 Homes in Klngston/Harriman, Ten-
nessee.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
A. R. Hawthorne, C. S. Dudney, R. L. Tyndall, T. Vo-
Dinh, and M. A. Cohen. c1990,20p EPA/600/D-90/
126
Grant EPA-R-811650
Pub. in American Society for Testing and Materials,
Standard Technical Publication 1002, p129-147 Sep
89. Prepared in cooperation with Harvard School of
Public Health, Boston, MA., and Tennessee Valley Au-
thority, Chattanooga. Sponsored by Health Effects Re-
search Lab., Research Triangle Park, NC.
An indoor air quality study of 300 homes in the Kings-
ton/Harriman area of East Tennessee was conducted
during 1985-86. This location is one of six locations se-
lected in a larger Harvard University study to evaluate
air quality and respiratory health. Homes in each study
city were selected based on the participation of a
school child in the concurrent Harvard Acute Respira-
tory Health Study. Eight groups of houses were
chosen based on the presence or absence of the fol-
lowing sources: cigarette smoking, wood stoves, and
kerosene heaters. A group of 'core' measurements is
being conducted in all six of the Harvard study cities
for nitrogen dioxide, respirable particulate matter,
water vapor, and air exchange rates. A detailed ques-
tionnaire of home characteristics and occupant behav-
ior is also administered. Supplemental indoor air qual-
ity measurements were conducted in the Kingston/
Harriman study for radon, formaldehyde, polynuclear
aromatic hydrocarbons, and airborne micro-orga-
nisms. Measurements were made for a two-week
period (except for radon and micro-organisms) in each
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
house during the winter season and again during the
summer season. Both vapor phase and particulate
phase polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons were moni-
tored. Viable airborne bacteria and fungi were sampled
in a large subset of houses. Detailed energy use/
weathenzation surveys were conducted by utility
trained auditors. Study protocols and preliminary moni-
toring results are presented. (Copyright (c) American
Society for Testing and Materials, 1989.)
Keywords: 'Houses, Public health,
Concentration(Composition), Nitrogen dioxide, Parti-
cles, Formaldehyde, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocar-
bons, Stoves, Heaters, Combustion products, Air flow,
Reprints, 'Indoor air pollution, *Air quality, 'Air pollu-
tion sampling, Environmental monitoring, Case stud-
ies, Kingston(Tennessee), Harriman(Tennessee), Cig-
arette smoking, Wood burning appliances.
PB90-263476/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Structure-Activity Relationships. Computerized
System*.
Health Effects Hesearch Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. D. Waters, A. M. Richard, J. R. Rabinowitz, H. F.
Stack, and N. E. Garrett. 1990,75p EPA/600/D-90/
125
Prepared in cooperation with Environmental Health
Research and Testing, Inc., Research Triangle Park,
NC., Leiden Rijksuniversiteit (Netherlands). Dept. of
Radiation Genetics and Chemical Mutagens, and Case
Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH. School of
Medicine.
The report discusses some important general strate-
gies and issues relative to the application of computa-
tional SAR techniques for modeling genotoxicity and
carcinogenicity endpoints. Problems particular to the
SAR modeling of such endpoints pertain to: the com-
plexity of the carcinogenicity endpoint; the unclear re-
lationship of the multitude of short-term bioassay end-
points to each other and to the carcinogenicity end-
point; and the limitations of available data bases which
are most often underrepresented with respect to
common endpoint, testing protocol and chemical
class. Interrelationships between various elements in
an SAR model study, the data base requirements and
limitations of such studies, and the composition of data
bases available to SAR modelers are considered.
Methods for representing, organizing and evaluating
such data to maximize its utility for SAR investigation
are discussed in terms of biologically-based compara-
tive assessment approaches, i.e. genetic activity pro-
files, and weiaht-of-evidence evaluation schemes. A
sampling of SAR programs which have been applied to
SAR analysis of carcinogenicity and genotocitity end-
points are briefly discussed and contrasted. The CASE
fragment-based SAR program and profile matching
techniques are considered in more detail in the context
of an illustrative example involving analysis of a very
general chemical class - the organic halides.
Keywords: *Toxicity, Bioassays, Organic compounds,
Halides, Genetic models, 'Carcinogens, Data bases,
Computer applications.
PB90-263484/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Mercury Levels In Fish from the Upper Peninsula
of Michigan (ELS Subreglon 2B) In Relation to
Lake Acidity.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. Landers, S. P. Gloss, T. M. Grieb, C. T. Driscoll, and
C. L. Schofield. 1990,116p EPA/600/3-90/068
Prepared in cooperation with Wyoming Water Re-
search Center, Laramie, Tetra Tech, Inc., Lafayette,
CA., Syracuse Univ., NY. Dept. of Civil and Environ-
mental Engineering, and Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY.
Dept. of Natural Resources.
The accumulation of mercury by fish and the potential
human health effects of eating mercury-contaminated
fish have been well documented. However, elevated
mercury concentrations in fish from dilute, low-pH
lakes have only recently been associated with in-
creased lake acidity. Nevertheless, there now Is ample
evidence to document that elevated levels of mercury
are found in fish from lakes in remote areas with no
known point sources of mercury and that an apparent
relationship exists between lake pH and fish mercury
level The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
has set an action level of 1.0 ppm methyl mercury as
the limit for human consumption. Many state fisheries
aoencies in the United States have established advi-
sories regarding consumption of fish with mercury
1668 Vol. 90, No. 24
levels that do not exceed the standard of 1.0 ppm, usu-
ally invoking a standard of 0.5 ppm. Forty-nine drain-
age and seepage lakes in the Upper Michigan Penin-
sula were sampled in conjunction with Phase 2 of the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Eastern Lake
Survey to explore the relationship between chemical
and physical characteristics of lakes and mercury con-
centrations in fish tissue. The lakes were selected
using a stratified random design weighted for low pH
so that acidification effects on mercury accumulation
could be evaluated. By coupling the study to Phase I,
the authors were able to examine the role of chemical
and physical lake variables on the assimilation of mer-
cury by fish.
Keywords: 'Mercury(Metal), 'Fishes, 'Water pollution,
'Public health, 'Lakes, pH, Humans, Standards,
Concentration(Composition), Food consumption.
Acidification, Sampling, Tissues(Biology), Accumula-
tion, Bass, Perch, Statistical analysis, Tables(Data),
Graphs(Charts), Point sources, Upper Michigan Penin-
sula, Methyl mercury.
PB90-263849/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Standard Practice for Conducting Fungal Patho-
genicity Tests on the Lepldopteran Egg Parasite
'Trichogramma pretlosum' (Hymenoptera: Trlcho-
grammatidae).
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. K. Sewall, and B. Lighthart. 2 Aug 90, 46p EPA/
600/3-90/069
See also PB89-198295.
As directed by Subdivision M of the Pesticide Assess-
ment Guidelines, the entomogenous fungi being regis-
tered for use in the U.S. must be evaluated for nontar-
get effects on certain beneficial insects. Methods were
developed and validated with the cosmopolitan ento-
mogenous fungus Beauveria bassiana (ARSEF252) to
evaluate the lethal effects of fungi on the beneficial
wasp Trichogramma pretiosum Riley via direct con-
tact. T. pretiosum challenged with B. bassiana
(ARSEF252) produce dose responses with LC50's on
day three of 10 to the fifth power to 10 to the sixth
power and on day four of 10 to the fourth power to 10
to the fifth power conidia/ml. Procedures for conduct-
ing the bioassay, maintaining cultures of the insects
used, and construction of special tools used in the bio-
assay are detailed.
Keywords: "Fungi, 'Lepidoptera, In vivo analysis, Bio-
assay, Registration, Tolerances(Physiology), 'Biologi-
cal pest control, Trichogramma pretiosum, Dose-re-
sponse relationships, Virulence, Test methods.
PB90-263856/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Fundamental Approach to Service Life Prediction
of Flexible Membrane Liners (FML's).
Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA.
A. E. Lord, and R. M. Koerner. Aug 90,88p EPA/600/
2-90/041
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The prediction of the service life of flexible membrane
liners (FMLs) when exposed to chemicals has usually
been by way of testing for physical or mechanical prop-
erty changes after periodic exposure times. The paper
presents an alternate approach by evaluating the
properties via five different mass transport related
measurements of the exposed FML. These tests are
water vapor transmission (WVT), radioactive tracer
transmission (RT), water absorption (WA), water vapor
absorption (WVA), and benzene absorption (BA). This
approach was tested for exposures of up to 15
months. The FMLs used were polyvinyl chloride (PVC),
ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM), chlorin-
ated polyethylene (CPE), and high density polyethyl-
ene (HDPE). The chemicals used were 10% sodium
hydroxide (in water), 10% sulfuric acid (in water), 10%
phenol (in water), 100% xylene, and water (as a con-
trol). The WVT and RT were found to be quite reliable
test methods, whereas the WA and WVA techniques
experienced serious problems in regard to obeying
simple one-dimensional diffusion theory. The BA
method worked well for HDPE. The work reported
herein lends credence to the use of mass transport
measurements to determine structural change in
FMLs Thus the monitoring of transport properties
could serve as the basis for a predictive method for
FML lifetime.
Keywords: 'Thermoplastic resins, "Linings, "Mass
transfer, Chemical resistance, Waste disposal, Sodium
hydroxide, Sulfuric acid. Phenol, Xylenes, Life tests,
Land pollution abatement, Membrane transport.
PB90-263864/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Fate of Trace Metals in a Rotary Kiln Incinerator
with a Venturl/Packed Column Scrubber. Volume
1. Technical Results. Final rept.
Acurex Corp., Jefferson, AR.
D. J. Fournier, W. E. Whitworth, J. W. Lee, and L. R.
Waterland. Sep 90,153p EPA/600/2-90/043A
Contract EPA-68-03-3267
See also PB90-263872. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction En-
gineering Lab.
A five week series of pilot-scale incineration tests,
using a synthetic waste feed, was performed at the En-
vironmental Protection Agency's Incineration Re-
search Facility to evaluate the fate of trace metals fed
to a rotary kiln incinerator. Eight tests studied the fate
of five hazardous constituent and four nonhazardous
constituent trace metals as a function of incinerator
operating temperatures and feed chlorine content.
Three tests evaluated the valence state of chromium
in emissions and discharges as a function of feed va-
lence state and feed chlorine content. Parametric tests
confirmed that cadmium, lead and bismuth are rela-
tively volatile, based on normalized discharge distribu-
tion data. Barium, copper, strontium, chromium and
magnesium are relatively nonvolatile. Apparent scrub-
ber efficiencies generally correlated with observed vo-
latilities: collection efficiency was higher for nonvolatile
metals than for volatile metals. Increased feed chlorine
content significantly increased the volatility of cadmi-
um, lead and bismuth. Chromium test results indicated
that, with no feed chlorine. 95% of the measured chro-
mium is discharged in the kiln ash. With chlorine in the
feed, this fraction dropped to 85%. Kiln ash contained
negligible hexavalent chromium Cr(+6) for all tests.
The traction of scrubber exit flue gas chromium as
Cr(+6) was nominally 15% with no feed chlorine, in-
creasing to 50% with chlorine-containing feed.
Keywords: 'Incinerators, 'Refuse disposal, Kilns,
Scrubbers, Hazardous materials, Metals, Chromium!
Chlorine, Chemical analysis, Tables(Data), 'Trace
contaminants, Solid waste disposal, Air pollution con-
trol, Research facilities.
PB90-263872/HSU	PC A11/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Fate of Trace Metals In a Rotary Kiln Incinerator
with a Venturl/Packed Column Scrubber. Volume
2. Appendices. Final rept.
Acurex Corp., Mountain View, CA. Environmental Sys-
tems Div.
D. J. Fournier, W. E. Whitworth, J. W. Lee, and L. R
Waterland. Sep 90,241p EPA/600/2-90/043B
Contract EPA-68-03-3267
See also PB90-263864. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction En-
gineering Lab.
A 5-week series of pilot-scale incineration tests, em-
ploying a synthetic waste feed, was performed at the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Incineration
Research Facility to evaluate the fate of trace metals
fed to a rotary kiln incinerator equipped with a venturi
scrubber/packed column scrubber. Completed were
three tests to evaluate the valence state of chromium
in emissions and discharges as a function of valence
state in the feed and feed chlorine content, and eight
tests to evaluate the fate of five hazardous constituent
and four nonhazardous constituent trace metals as a
function of incinerator operating temperatures and
feed chlorine content. This volume contains the ap-
pendices, titled Incinerator operating data; Analytical
laboratory reports; Sampling train data sheets; Vost
GC/FID analysis procedure.
Keywords: 'Incinerators, 'Refuse disposal Kilns
Scrubbers, Hazardous materials, Metals, Chromium'
Chlorine, Chemical analysis, Tables(Data), 'Trace
contaminants, Solid waste disposal, Air pollution con-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-263880/HSU	PC A17/MF A03
Hazardous Waste TSDF: Technical Guidance Doc-
ument for RCRA Air Emission Standards for Proc-
ess Vents and Equipment Leaks. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jul 90,395p EPA/450/3-89/021
See also PB90-103250.
On June 21, 1990, standards were promulgated to
control organic air emissions from process vents and
equipment leaks at hazardous waste treatment, stor-
age, and disposal facilities. The standards were devel-
oped under Section 3004(n) of the Hazardous and
Solid Waste Amendments to the Resource Conserva-
tion and Recovery Act (RCRA). The document is de-
signed to provide technical guidance for RCRA permit
writers and reviewers who will implement the stand-
ards.
Keywords: *Air pollution control, 'Hazardous materi-
als, 'Guidelines, Waste disposal, Waste treatment.
Leakage, Design criteria, Performance evaluation,
Quality assurance, Quality control, Sewage disposal.
Organic compounds, Vents, *Air pollution standards,
'Fugitive emissions. Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act, Pollution sources, Waste management.
Standards compliance, Pollution regulations, State im-
plementation plans, Permits.
PB90-263898/HSU	PC A20/MF A03
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Symposium on Science Communication: Environ-
mental and Health Research, 1988.
Annenberg School of Communications, Los Angeles,
CA.
E. M. Rogers. Dec 88,455p EPA/600/D-90/121
Symposium held in Los Angeles, CA. on December 15-
17,1988. Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab.,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
The report concludes the activity at the University of
Southern California on the project concerned with
holding the 1988 Symposium on Science Communica-
tion: Environmental and Health Research, on Decem-
ber 15-17, 1988 at the Annenberg School for Comuni-
cation, JSC. The purpose of the symposium was to
convene scientists and practitioners to address the
subject of communicating scientific information and re-
search findings to such audiences as scientists in
other disciplines, the mass media, and practitioners
who use research-based information, with emphasis
upon implications for the environment and health. Sci-
entific communication, disaster communication, risk
communication, and technology transfer are fields that
were emphasized.
Keywords: 'Meetings, 'Communications manage-
ment, 'Mass communication, 'Technology transfer,
Information theory, Publicity, Research, Risk, Public
relations, Disasters, "Information flow, 'Information
dissemination, Disaster planning.
PB90-263922/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Reductive Dechlorination of Dlchlorophenols In
Anaerobic Pond Sediments.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
D. D. Hale, J. E. Rogers, and J. Wiegel. 1990,22p
EPA/600/D-90/151
Prepared in cooperation with Technology Applications,
Inc., Athens, GA., and Georgia Univ., Athens. Dept. of
Microbiology.
The time required for the microbially mediated dechlor-
ination of chloroaromatics in anaerobic freshwater
sediments may be dependent upon sediment microbial
communities and physical characteristics, as well as
chlorine position in the aromatic ring. To better under-
stand such possible relationships, the authors studied
the reductive dechlorination of three dichlorophenol
isomers in anaerobic sediments collected every other
month for a year from five sites in one pond. Numbers
of specific dechlorinating microorganisms were esti-
mated by a most probable number technique, and
sediment temperature, pH, E(sub h), and organic
carbon content were determined. Levels of dissolved
organic carbon, sulfate, and nitrate also were quanti-
fied in water samples collected with the anaerobic
sediments. The relative susceptibility of the 2,4-, 2,5-,
and 3,4- isomers to dechlorination was determined in
sediment slurries. Dechlorination to monochlorphen-
ols required from 2 to more than 32 weeks for comple-
tion, with the relative rates being 2,4->2,5->3,4-. The
number of specific dechlorinating microbes appears to
be important in determining the time required for this
transformation.
Keywords: "Anaerobic processes, 'Sediments,
"Dechlorination, 'Ponds, "Aquatic microbiology,
Reduction(Chemistry), Biodeterioration, pH, Tempera-
ture, Carbon, Chlorine aromatic compounds.
PB90-263930/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Commercial Development of the Advacate Proc-
ess for Flue Gas Desulfurlzatlon. Rept. for Aug 85-
Jul 90.
Acurex Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
C. B. Sedman, M. A. Maxwell, W. Jozewicz, and J. C. S.
Chang. 1990,10p EPA/600/D-90/147
Contracts EPA-68-02-3988, EPA-68-02-4701
Presented at Intersociety Energy Conversion Engi-
neering Conference (25th), Reno, NV., August 12-17,
1990. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy
Engineering Research Lab.
The paper discusses the commercial development of
the advanced silicate (ADVACATE) process for flue
gas desulfurization (FGD). This commercialization fol-
lows several years of bench-scale sorbent develop-
ment, pilot plant process optimization, and field pilot
evaluation. Results are presented showing the impor-
tance of silica dissolution in preparation of calcium sili-
cates. Pilot and field optimization and evaluation
shows excellent potential for over 90% S02 control at
half the cost of conventional wet FGD processes. Pro-
jected costs and commercialization plans are present-
ed.
Keywords: "Air pollution control. Flue gases, Sorbents,
Pilot plants, Silicon dioxide, Cost analysis, Perform-
ance evaluation, 'Flue gas desulfurization, "Advanced
Silicate Process, Bench-scale experiments, Process
development units.
PB00-263948/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Demonstration of Emerging Area Source Preven-
tion Options for Volatile Organlca. Rept. for Oct 89-
Jun 90.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
M. Kosusko. Oct 89,20p EPA/600/D-90/146
Presented at AICHE summer meeting, San Diego, CA.,
August 19-22,1990.
The paper describes, and gives the status of, a re-
search program to reduce volatile organic compound
(VOC) emissions from stationary area sources by de-
veloping, evaluating, and/or demonstrating pollution
prevention options. The program includes two
projects: (1) alternative coating materials and process-
es, and (2) consumer product prevention options.
(NOTE: The national ambient air quality standard for
ozone (0.12 ppm) is exceeded in more than 100 areas
of the U.S. Extensive reduction of VOC emissions is re-
quired for attainment. The difficulty of dealing with sta-
tionary area sources has been a major obstacle to at-
taining these reductions. Area sources may contribute
as much as 50% of national VOC emissions, and the
increasing emissions from such sources may be out-
pacing efforts to control the diminishing base of un-
controlled point source emissions.)
Keywords: "Air pollution abatement, Air pollution con-
trol, Coatings, Coating processes, Solvents, Ozone,
Reprints, 'Volatile organic compounds, 'Stationary
sources, Standards compliance, Air pollution stand-
ards, Fugitive emissions, Consumer products, Source
reduction.
PB90-263955/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Can NEPA Protect Biodiversity. Symposium paper.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
S. Henderson, R. F. Noss, and P. Ross. 1989,20p
EPA/600/ D-90/145
See also DE90004258. Symposiumon the Scientific
Challenges of NEPA: Future Directions Based on 20
Years of Experience, Knoxville, TN., October 1989.
Prepared in cooperation with NSI Technology Services
Corp., Corvallis, OR.
Biodiversity has emerged as a prominent issue in the
scientific and conservation communities, and is of in-
creasing concern to the general public. As with other
'new' environmental problems (e.g., global climate
change, stratospheric ozone depletion), biodiversity is
difficult to evaluate because it involves slow, cumula-
tive, complex effects that are unquestionably serious
but difficult to document. Unlike 'traditional' pollution
concerns, these new problems are not confined to one
location or tied to one development or industry but are
regional or global in scope. Given scientific uncertainty
about cause-effect relationships, it is very difficult to
formulate environmental policy or regulations that ade-
quately address the problem. Biodiversity is also a very
broad issue, involving aspects of species richness,
species composition, genetic variation, habitat struc-
ture, landscape pattern, and ecological and evolution-
ary processes. Although components of biodiversity
are addressed by various pieces of environmental leg-
islation, a comprehensive approach is lacking. A new
interpretation of the National Environmental Policy Act
(NEPA) could involve the recognition of particular at-
tributes or 'indicators' of biodiversity to address in the
environmental assessment and review process. A hier-
archical framework of compositional, structural, and
functional biodiversity from which measurable indica-
tors can be selected, is presented.
Keywords:	Genetics,	Ecology,
Evolution(Development), 'National Environmental
Policy Act, 'Biodiversity, Species diversity, Conserva-
tion.
PB90-263963/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Biodiversity and Human Impacts.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. R. Barker, S. Henderson, R. F. Noss, and D. T.
Tingey. 1990,40p EPA/600/D-90/144
Prepared in cooperation with NSI Technology Services
Corp., Corvallis, OR.
The basic issue that drives all concerns about biodiver-
sity is the accelerating and irreplaceable loss of genes,
species, populations, and ecosystems through envi-
ronmental degradation such as deforestation, strip
mining and other developmental projects. Associated
with tnese losses are reduced options for cultural and
biological adaptation to an uncertain and ever-chang-
ing environment; possible disruption of essential eco-
logical processes and services; and loss of products
obtained from nature (presently or potentially). In addi-
tion, it has been suggested that species, ecosystems,
and other elements of biodiversity are valuable in and
of themselves and thus should be protected and en-
hanced. Biodiversity values can be categorized as
human utilitarian; ecological utilitarian; cultural, recre-
ational, and esthetic; and ethical or intrinsic.
Keywords: Animal behavior, Aquatic biology, Forestry,
Genetics, Ecology, Humans, Strip mining, 'Biodiver-
sity, 'Environmental impacts, Species diversity, Global
warming, Environmental pollutants.
PB90-263971/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Effects of UV-B and Global Climate Change on
Rice Production: The EPA/IRRI Cooperative Re-
search Plan.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
D. M. Olszyk, and K. T. Ingram. 1990,32p EPA/600/D-
90/143
Proceedings of International Conference on Tropical
Ozone and Atmospheric Change, Penang, Malaysia,
February 1990. Prepared in cooperation with Interna-
tional Rice Research Inst., Los Banos, Laguna (Philip-
pines).
The US Environmental Protection Agency and Interna-
tional Rice Research institute are initiating a coopera-
tive program on the effects of UV-B and global climate
change (increased C02 and temperature) on rice. Rice
is the world's most important food crop and responds
both to UV-B and climate change. The project will de-
termine: (1) the effects of these stresses on the rice
ecosystem, (2) the extent and intensity of those effects
for Asia, (3) the importance of the rice ecosystem as a
source of biogenic emissions such as methane and
the impacts or environmental stress on those emis-
sions, and (4) mitigation/adaptation options available
to reduce any effects on rice yields and biogenic emis-
sions.
Keywords: 'Climatic changes, 'Ultraviolet radiation,
'Rice plants, * StrossfPhysiology), Growth, Yield, Asia,
Methane, Tropical regions, Photosynthesis, Field
tests, Plant diseases, Insects, Evaluation, Sensitivity,
Ecosystems.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-263989/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
EPA's Pollution Prevention R and D Approaches
and Insights Into the Chemical Process Industry.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
P. M. Randall. 19 Aug 90,18p EPA/600/D-90/142
Presented at the American Institute of Chemical Engi-
neers Summer National Meeting, San Diego, CA.,
August 19-22,1990.
Chemical Engineers face major research challenges
associated with the imperative to protect and improve
the environment. These challenges include designing
optimal, less polluting chemical plants and processes,
improving air quality through research, managing haz-
ardous wastes responsibly, and developing multimedia
approaches to reduce tne chemical risk to human
health and the environment. Since 1988, the USEPA
has established a pollution prevention R and D pro-
gram to work with states, local governments, regional
and federal agencies, and industry to encourage the
identification, development and demonstration of pol-
lution prevention technologies and methods to reduce
wastes.
Keywords: 'Industrial plants, "Chemical industry, "Pol-
lution control, Public health, Design criteria, Preven-
tion, Air pollution control, Waste disposal, Hazardous
materials, Reduction, Environmental impacts, Sol-
vents, Refrigerants, Lubricants, Research projects,
Technology transfer, Government, Waste recycling,
Waste minimization.
PB90-263997/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Pilot-Scale Evaluation of Incinerating Listed
Wastes from Specific Sources. Rept. for 1986-88.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
C. R. Dempsey, and R. C. Thurnau. 1990,14p EPA/
600/D-90/141
Pilot-Scale incineration testing was conducted at the
United States Environmental Protection Agency's In-
cineration Research Facility (IRF) to support the devel-
opment of best demonstrated available technology
(BDAT) standards for the treatment of several hazard-
ous wastes from specific sources (K-Wastes). All test-
ing was conducted in the IRF's rotary kiln system. The
paper summarizes the results of this testing for four of
these wastes. The objective was to determine if these
wastes could be incinerated by a well designed, well
operated incinerator based on compliance with the
hazardous waste incinerator regulations and to char-
acterize the incineration residuals for hazardous con-
stituents. It was found that these wastes could gener-
ally be incinerated in compliance with these regula-
tions. However, the mist carryover from the air pollu-
tion control device would have to be more effectively
controlled to meet the particulate standard in some
cases. No detectable amounts of principle organic
hazardous constituents (POHC's) were found in either
the kiln ash or scrubber blowdown.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
'Combustion efficiency, Pilot plants, Performance
evaluation, Waste treatment, Standards. Air pollution
control, Particles, Kilns, Organic compounds, 'Best
technology, 'Incineration, Source Classification
Codes, Pollution regulations, Standards compliance,
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Physical
chemical treatment.
PB90-264003/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Respirometrlc Multi-Level Biodegradatlon Testing
Protocol and Methodology for Determining Biode-
gradatlon Kinetic Data.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
H. H. Tabak, S. Desai, and R. Govind. 1990,29p EPA/
600/D-90/140
Presented at Annual Air and Waste Management
Meeting and Exhibition (83rd), Pittsburgh, PA„ June
24-29, 1990. Prepared in cooperation with Cincinnati
Univ., OH. Dept. of Chemical and Nuclear Engineering.
Electrolytic respirometry involving natural sewage,
sludge and soil microbiota is becoming prominent in
fate studies of priority pollutant and RCRA toxic organ-
ics to generate biodegradation/inhibition kinetics data.
The paper discusses the experimental design and pro-
cedural steps for the respirometric biodegradation and
toxicity testing approach for individual organics or spe-
cific industrial wastes at different concentration levels
in a mineral salts medium. A developed multi-level pro-
tocol is presented for determination of the biodegrada-
bility, microbial acclimation to toxic substrates and first
order kinetic parameters of biodegradation for estima-
tion of the Monod kinetic parameter of toxic organic
compounds, in order to correlate the extent and rate of
biodegradation with a predictive model based on
chemical properties and molecular structure of these
compounds. Respirometric biodegradation/inhibition
and biokinetic data are provided for representative
RCRA alkyl, chloro- and nitro-benzenes, phenols and
selected CERCLA leachate toxic organics. Data on the
effects of the source of sludge biomass, temperature
and concentration of microbial inoculum on the kinet-
ics of biodegradation are also included.
Keywords: 'Biodeterioration, "Sludge, "Sewage, Ki-
netics, "Toxic substances, "Spirometry, "Soil contami-
nation, Volatile organic compounds.
PB90-264011/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Laboratory Studies Evaluating the Enhanced Bio-
degradation of Weathered Crude Oil Components
through the Application of Nutrients.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
H. H. Tabak, S. I. Safferman, A. D. Venosa, and J. A.
Glaser. Jun 90,34p EPA/600/D-90/139
Presented at Annual Air and Waste Management As-
sociation Meeting and Exhibition (03rd), Pittsburgh,
PA., June 24-29,1990.
Bench-scale biodegradability studies of the Alaskan
weathered crude oil were undertaken as part of the
bioremediation project for the shorelines of Prince Wil-
liam Sound, Alaska, contaminated by the Exxon oil
spill. The purpose of the studies was to evaluate the
capability of the indigenous microbial consortium of
the sea water and island beach areas, to biodegrade
the weathered crude oil alkane hydrocarbon and po-
lynuclear aromatic (PAH) constituents in batch-type re-
spirometric reactors and shaker flask systems. Biode-
gradation studies incorporated the use of Inipol EAP
22 as the fertilizer nutrient source. In the respirometric
studies, the unpolluted beach material in seawater was
spiked with 1,000, 300, and 100 mg/L of weathered
crude oil and with Inipol at 5% of oil weight was used in
shaker flask studies. Temperature of incubation in
both studies was 15 C and culture systems were incu-
bated in darkness. Cumulative oxygen uptake data,
growth data and GC/MS analysis data demonstrate
almost complete utilization of the alkane hydrocarbon
constituents in the presence of Inipol fertilizer and sig-
nificant biodegradation of the PAH constituents after 6
weeks of incubation.
Keywords: 'Biodeterioration, 'Nutrients, 'Microbiolo-
gy, "Crude oil, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons,
Oxygen consumption, Culture media, Growth, Disper-
sions, Alaska, Reprints, 'Prince William Sound, Oil
spills, Spirometry, Remedial action.
PB90-264029/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Waste Minimization Efforts: An Overview of the
U.S. EPA Pollution Prevention Resesrch Program.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
J. S. Bridges. 1990,14p EPA/600/D-90/138
Presented at the GRCDA (Government Refuse, Col-
lection, and Disposal Association) Annual International
Exposition (28th), Vancouver, British Columbia, August
17-26,1990.
The paper's purpose is to describe the current pollu-
tion prevention research program assigned to the Risk
Reduction Engineering Laboratory which incorporated
multi-media direction in providing practical solutions to
the complex problems of waste management. The pol-
lution prevention research program follows the six fun-
damental goals identified in tne Pollution Prevention
Research Plan: Report to Congress. The six research
goal areas are: products, processes, recycling and
reuse, socio-economics and institutions, anticipatory;
and technology transfer. Municipal solid waste re-
search is described for the source reduction and recy-
cling projects planned and currently in progress.
Keywords: 'Reduction, 'Solid waste disposal, 'Pollu-
tion, Prevention, Research projects, Industries, House-
holds, Substitutes, Safety, Policies, Economic factors,
Communities, Organizations, Hazardous materials,
Plastics, Separation, Metals, 'Waste minimization,
Waste recycling.
PB90-264128/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Benthlc Invertebrate Bioassays with Toxic Sedi-
ment and Pore Water. Hazard Assessment. Jour-
nal article.
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing.
J. P. Giesy, C. J. Rosiu, R. L. Graney, and M. G. Henry
c1990,17p EPA/600/J-90/118
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v9
p233-248 1990. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab.-Duluth, MN., and National Fisheries Re-
search Center-Great Lakes, Ann Arbor, Ml.
The relative sensitivities of bioassays to determine the
toxicity of sediments were investigated and three
methods of making the sample dilutions required to
generate dose-response relationships were com-
pared. The assays studied were: (a) Microtox, a 15-min
assay of Photobacterium phosphoreum biolumines-
cence inhibition by pore water; (b) 48-h Daphnia
magna lethality test in pore water; (c) 10-d subchronlc
assay of lethality to and reduction of weight gain by
Chironomus tentans performed in either whole sedi-
ment or pore water; (d) 168-h acute lethality assay of
Hexagenia limbata in either whole sediment or pore
water, The three methods of diluting sediments were:
(a) extracting pore water from the toxic location and di-
lution with pore water from the control station; (b) dilut-
ing whole sediment from the toxic location with control
whole sediment from a reference location, then ex-
tracting pore water; and (c) diluting toxic, whole sedi-
ment with whole sediment from a reference location,
then using the whole sediment in bioassays. Based on
lethality, H. limbata was the most sensitive organism to
the toxicity of Detroit River sediment. Lethality of D
magna in pore water was similar to that of H. limbata in
whole sediment and can be used to predict effects of
whole sediment toxicity to H. limbata. (Copyriaht fel
1990 SETAC.)	'
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Sediments, Bioassay, Lumines-
cence, Exposure, Lethal dosage, Aromatic polycyclic
hydrocarbons, Reprints, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), 'Toxic substances, Daphnia magna
Hexagenia limbata, Dose-response relationships, Phol
tobacterium phosphoreum, Chironomus tentans.
PB90-264136/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Quality Assurance Management Staff.
Management Systems Review of the Superfund
RI/FS: Opportunities for Streamlining. Journal arti-
cle.
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC
G. L. Johnson, and L. H. Wynn. C1990,7p EPA/600/j-
90/117
Contract EPA-68D80074
Pub. in Jnl. of the Air and Work Management Associa-
tion, v40 n5 p753-737 May 90. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Quality
Assurance Management Staff.
The Management Systems Review (MSR) is an impor-
tant component of EPA's quality assurance program to
assess the effectiveness of environmental data oper-
ations and the quality assurance/quality control activi-
ties designed to support those operations. MSRs
inform managers about aspects of the environmental
data operation that are working well and those which
may warrant some improvement. A recent review of
the Superfund remedial investigation/feasibility studv
(RI/FS) has shown that the MSR is an excellent tool
for providing a systematic definition of complex envi-
ronmental data operations and for enabling a thorouah
analysis of these operations. The MSR utilized inter,
mation gathered from interviews of Regional persorv
nel and from case studies of recently completed R|/
FSs. The findings indicated that environmental data
play an important role in most RI/FS decisions and
that thorough and structured scoping is critical to the
effectiveness of the RI/FS. Analysts of the RI/FS
process using a comprehensive flow diagram identi-
fied several opportunities for changes that may in-
crease efficiency in data collection and the reliability of
RI/FS decisions. These changes provide for more ef
fective scoping activities, a streamlined feasibitttv
study, and increased use of treatability studies durirva
the Rl. A pilot demonstration of these process
changes is being planned for a Regional RI/FS (Cot»
right (c) 1990-Air and Waste Management AssocS'
tion.)
Keywords: Quality assurance, Quality control R&.
views, Personnel, Data processing, Management plan!
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ning, Decision making, Reprints, 'Waste management,
"Superfund, 'Remedial action, Feasibility studies, Re-
gional analysis, US EPA.
PB90-264144/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Chromatographic Method* for Analysis of Ethyl-
ene Oxide In Emissions from Stationary Sources.
Journal article.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
J. H. Margeson, J. L. Steger, and J. B. Homolya.
C1990,8p EPA/600/J-90/116
Contract EPA-68-02-4119
Pub. in Jnl. of Chromatographic Science, v28 p204-
209 Apr 90. Sponsored by Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Atmospheric Re-
search and Exposure Assessment Lab.
Chromatographic methods of analysis with FID detec-
tion were investigated for quantitation of ethylene
oxide in emissions from production plants and com-
mercial sterilizers. A column with a stationary phase of
3% Carbowax 20M on 80/100 Chromsorb 101 was
used to separate ethylene oxide from potential inter-
ferents in emissions from production plants. Two col-
umns were found that allow accurate quantitation of
ethylene oxide in emissions from commercial steriliz-
ers. Both columns elute ethylene oxide before Freon
12, the diluent in the sterilization process. One column
has a stationary phase of 1 % SP-1000 on 60/80 Car-
bopack B and can be used to quantitate ethylene oxide
over a wider range of concentrations than the other
column, 5% Fluorcol (a fluorinated oil) on 60/80 Car-
bopack B. Graphitized carbon, the solid support in
both of these columns, may be participating in tne eth-
ylene oxide-Freon 12 separation.
Keywords: 'Chromatographic analysis, 'Ethylene
oxide, Carcinogens, Adsorbents, Hospitals, Steriliza-
tion, Chemical plants, Surface properties, Reprints,
Stationary sources, Indoor air pollution, Health haz-
ards.
PB90-264151 /HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Isolated Fish Hepatocytes: Model Systems for
Toxicology Research. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
S. M. Baksi, and J. M. Frazier. C1990,30p EPA/600/J-
90/115, ERLN-971
Pub. in Aquatic Toxicology, v16 p229-256 1990. Pre-
pared in cooperation with Johns Hopkins Univ., Balti-
more, MD.
Toxicological research utilizes various approaches and
methodologies to identify hazards and to understand
the basic processes which influence the expression of
toxicological responses in biological systems. A par-
ticularly fruitful approach has been to identify and de-
velop in vitro model systems which retain the basic
characteristics of the more complex in vivo condition,
yet can be experimentally manipulated for research
purposes. In vitro research models have several inher-
ent properties which give them significant advantages
in many areas of toxicological research. First and fore-
most, in vitro systems allow for control over experi-
mental conditions which are not possible in vivo. Physi-
cal and chemical conditions of the cellular environ-
ment, such as temperature, pH, p02 and concentra-
tion of physiological ions, can be rigorously controlled
over wide ranges, including non-physiological condi-
tions, to elucidate fundamental mechanisms. Biologi-
cal factors which influence cellular responses, such as
hormones and mediators, can be studied individually
and in combinations which would not be possible in
vivo.
Keywords: 'Liver, 'Fishes, 'Toxicology, Physiology,
Biochemistry, In vivo analysis, In vitro analysis, pH,
Calcium, Nitrogen, Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids,
Reprints, Mutagenicity tests, Energy metabolism, Cul-
tured cells, Dose-response relationships, Cell mem-
brane, Xenoblotics.
PB90-264169/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Application of Blomarkers to Predict Responses
of Organisms Exposed to Contaminated Marine
Sediments. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
E. Jackim, G. G. Pesch, A. R. Malcolm, and G. R.
Gardner. C1990,12p EPA/600/J-90/114, ERLN-870
Pub. in Advances in Applied Biotechnology Series 5,
p165-174 1990.
The use of a short-term cellular subcellular biomarkers
strategy is being explored to answer accurately and
economically some of these questions about bodies of
water, with emphasis on estuaries. According to the
biomarker concept, the authors should be able to pre-
dict whole-organism responses from subcellular, and
tissue indicators. Among the possible biomarkers they
are exploring are the following; selected biochemical
and immunological changes, including mixed-function
oxidase induction, phagocytosis and antibody aggluti-
nation; several mutation indicators, such as the Ames
test, sister chromatid exchange, DNA unwinding, a
Salmonella DNA repair induction test(SOS); and a pro-
posed test for tumor promoters (metabolic cooperation
assay (V79/MC). Also planned are studies to detect
and identify DNA adducts and micronuclei. The results
of these studies will be correlated to histopathologic
findings. The final goal of the research is to identify the
most appropriate biomarkers to detect environmental
problems, determine the sources of these problems,
and predict the impact of pollution on humans and
other animals. Ultimately the information should be
useful in reducing risks to human health and the envi-
ronment.
Keywords: 'Marine biology, 'Toxicity, Mutations, Field
tests, Reprints, 'Biological markers, 'Water pollution
effects(Animals), Phagocytosis, Enzyme induction,
Mutagenicity tests, Carcinogenicity tests, DNA
damage, Dose-response relationships.
PB90-264177/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Predicting Bloaccumulatlon Potential: A Test of a
Fugacity-Based Model. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab.-Narragansett, Newport,
OR. Mark O. Hatfield Marine Science Center.
S. P. Ferraro, H. Lee, R. J. Ozretich, and D. T. Specht.
C1990,11p EPA/600/J-90/113, ERLN-N071
Pub. in Archives of Environmental Contamination and
T oxicology, v19 p386-394 1990.
Clams (Macoma nasuta) from an unpolluted site in Ya-
quina Bay, Oregon were exposed in the laboratory for
28 days to 6 field-contaminated sediments (treat-
ments) which varied widely in concentration of 10 or-
ganic pollutants. Statistically significant differences
were detected between some treatment AFs for DDD
(p.p') and benz(a)anthracene, and between some
chemicals within treatments (experimentwise alpha =
0.05). Accumulation factors were less than 2 and less
variable in highly polluted, organically enriched sedi-
ments, but sometimes exceeded 2 in clams exposed
to surficial (0-2 cm deep) sediments with low pollutant
concentration and low organic carbon content. These
results suggest that the AF model may provide reason-
able estimates of bioaccumulation potential of hydro-
phobic neutral organic compounds in organically en-
riched, polluted sediments.
Keywords: 'Fugacity, 'Clams, Water pollution, 'Or-
ganic compounds, Sediments, Accumulation, Carbon,
Reprints, Water pollution effects(Animals), Monitor-
ing, 'Toxic substances, Polychloronated biphenyls,
Polychlorobiphenyl compounds.
PB90-264185/HSU	PC AOI/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Degradation of Halogenated Aliphatic Com-
pounds by the Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacterium 'Nl-
trosomonas europaea*. Journal article.
Minnesota Univ., St. Paul. Dept. of Genetics and Cell
Biology.
T. Vannelli, M. Logan, D. M. Arciero, and A. B. Hooper.
C1980,5p EPA/600/J-90/112
Grant EPA-R-816157
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v56
n4 p1169-1171 Apr 90. Sponsored by Environmental
Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Suspensions of Nitrosomonas europaea catalyzed the
ammonia-stimulated aerobic transformation of the hal-
ogenated aliphatic compounds dichloromethane, di-
bromomethane, trichloromethane (chloroform), bro-
moethane, 1,2-dibromoethane (ethylene dibromide),
1,1,2-trlchloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, monoch-
loroethylene (vinyl chloride), gem-dichloroethylene,
cis- and trans-dichloroethylene, cls-dibromoethylene,
trichloroethylene, and 1,2,3-trichloropropane. Tetrach-
loromethane (carbon tetrachloride), tetrachloroethy-
lene (perchloroethylene), and trans-dibromoethylene
were not degraded. (Copyright (c) 1990, American So-
ciety for Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Biodeterioration, 'Chlorinated hydrocar-
bons, Aerobic processes, Catalysis, Aquatic microbi-
ology, Reprints, 'Volatile organic compounds, "Nitro-
somonas europaea.
PB90-264193/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Activation of the lac Genes of Tn951 by Insertion
Sequences from 'Pseudomonas cepacia'. Journal
article.
Massachusetts Univ. at Boston.
M. S. Wood, C. Lory, and T. G. Lessie. C1990,8p EPA/
600/J-90/111
Grants EPA-R-815308, NSF-DMB-8415028
Pub. in Jnl. of Bacteriology, v172 n4 p1719-1724 Apr
90. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Gulf
Breeze, FL., and National Science Foundation, Wash-
ington, DC.
Several transposable gene-activating elements from
Pseudomonas cepacia have been identified on the
basis of their ability to increase expression of the lac
genes of the broad-host-range plasmid pGC91.14.
When introduced into auxotrophic derivatives of P. ce-
pacia 249 (ATCC 17616), the plasmid failed to confer
ability to utilize lactose or lactulose (4-0-beta-galacto-
pyransoyl-D-fructose). The lac genes of the Tn951 ele-
ment on pGC91.14 were poorly expressed in P. cepa-
cia and were not inducible by IPTG. Lac+ and lactu-
lose + variants of the pGC91.14-containing transcri-
pients which expressed the lac genes of T n951 consti-
tutively were isolated as a consequence of transposi-
tion of insertion sequences from the P. cepacia
genome to sites upstream of the activated genes. The
results indicate that IS elements from P. cepacia have
potential for turning on the expression of foreign genes
in a variety of gram-negative bacteria. (Copyright (c)
1990, American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords; 'Pseudomonas, Reprints, *DNA insertion
elements, 'Gene expression regulation, Nucleic acid
sequence homology, Plasmids, Messenger RNA, Ge-
netic transcription, Southern blotting.
PB90-264201/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Phenol and Trichloroethylene Degradation by
'Pseudomonas cepacia' G4: Kinetics and Interac-
tions between Substrates. Journal article.
Technical Resources, Inc., Gulf Breeze, FL.
B. R. Folsom, P. J. Chapman, and P. H. Pritchard.
c1990,9p EPA/600/J-90/110
Grant EPA-R-68033479
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v56
n5 p1279-1285 May 90. Also pub. as Environmental
Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL. rept. no. CONTRIB-
687. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Gulf
Breeze, FL.
Intact cells of Pseudomonas cepacia strain G4 com-
pletely degraded trichloroethylene (TCE) following
growth with phenol. Degradation kinetics were deter-
mined for both phenol, used to induce requisite en-
zymes, and TCE, the target substrate. At phenol con-
centrations above 50 microM, phenol degradation was
inhibited, yielding an apparent K(sub i) of 0.45 mM as
modeled by the Haldane expression. To eliminate ex-
perimental problems associated with TCE volatility and
partitioning, a 'no-headspace' assay was developed
allowing for direct and accurate determinations of
aqueous TCE concentration. Using this assay proce-
dure, apparent K(s) and V(max) values determined for
TCE degradation by intact cells were 5.6 microM and
7.9 nmoTe/(min times mg protein) respectively. Follow-
ing a transient lag period, P. cepacia G4 degraded TCE
at concentrations of at least 300 microM TCE with no
apparent retardation in rate.
Keywords: 'Vinyl chloride, 'Phenol, 'Biodeterioration,
Kinetics, Enzymes, Reprints, 'Pseudomonas cepacia,
Substrate specificity.
PB90-264698/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Isolation and Characterization of a Fluoranthene-
Utillzlng Strain of 'Pseudomonas paucimobilis'.
Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
-------
J. G. Mueller, P. J. Chapman, B. O. Blattmann, and P.
H. Pritchard. c1990,10p EPA/600/J-90/109,
CONTRIB-691
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v56
n4 p1079-1086 Apr 90. Prepared in cooperation with
Technical Resources, Inc., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Fluoranthene, a high molecular weight PAH containing
four fused rings, is naturally present in fossil fuels and
derivatives thereof, and may be formed during the
combustion of carbonaceous materials. To date, there
have been no reports of the primary utilization by pure
microbial cultures of fluoranthene or of other PAHs
containing four or more fused rings. Recently a 7-
membered bacterial community isolated from a creo-
sote-waste site was described for its ability to utilize
fluoranthene as a sole carbon source. In the paper, a
single member of this community is described, isolated
in pure culture with the unique ability of utilizing fluo-
ranthene as sole source of carbon and energy for
growth. (Copyright (c) 1990, American Society for
Microbiology.)
Keywords: "Biodeterioration, Creosote, Aromatic poly-
cyclic hydrocarbons, Molecular weight, Reprints,
"Pseudomonas paucimobilis, "Fluoroanthene.
PB90-264706/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Influence of an Insect Growth Regulator on the
Larval Development of an Estuarine Shrimp. Jour-
nal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
C. L. McKenney, and E. Matthews. c1990,12p EPA/
600/J-90/108
Pub. in Environmental Pollution, v64 p169-178 1990.
See also PB88-198569.
The influence of methoprene, an insect growth regula-
tor used in mosquito control, on larval development of
the estuarine grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) was
examined in the laboratory. No grass shrimp larvae
successfully completed metamorphosis when continu-
ously exposed to 1000 microg methoprene/liter. Com-
pletion of larval metamorphosis was significantly re-
duced by exposure to 100 microg/liter of the isomeric
mixture (R.S)-methoprene but not the single isomer
formulation (S)-methoprene. No statistically significant
difference was revealed, however, in ability to inhibit
metamorphosis between these two isomeric types
across the broad range of exposure concentrations
from 0.1 to 1000.0 microg/liter. The first two larval
stages and the final premetamorphic larval stage were
more sensitive to methoprene toxicity than intermedi-
ate larval stages. Methoprene exposure did not alter
either the duration of total larval development or the
total number of larval stages prior to metamorphosis.
(Copyright (c) 1990 Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd.,
England).
Keywords: 'Growth regulators, 'Inhibitors, 'Insects,
'Shrimp, Estuaries, Larvae, Exposure, Reprints,
"Water pollution effects(Animals), Methoprene, 'Pa-
laemonetes pugio, Mosquito control, Metamorphosis.
PB90-264714/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Hydrogen Peroxide Decay in Waters with Sus-
pended Soils: Evidence for Biologically Mediated
Processes. Journal article.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
W. J. Cooper, and R. G. Zepp. c1990,8p EPA/600/J-
90/107
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Fisheries and Aquatic Sci-
ences, v47 n5 p888-893 May 90. Prepared in coopera-
tion with Florida International Univ., Miami. Drinking
Water Research Center.
Hydrogen peroxide decay studies have been conduct-
ed in suspensions of several well-characterized soils
and in natural water samples. Kinetic and product
studies indicated that the decay was biologically medi-
ated and could be described by psuedo first-order rate
expressions. At an initial H202 concentration of 0.5
uM, the hydrogen peroxide half-life varied from 1 to 8
h. The decay was inhibited by thermal and chemical
sterilization of the soils. Peroxidase activity was in-
ferred in several natural water samples, where the sus-
pended particles catalyzed the oxidation of p-anisidine
by hydrogen peroxide. The mass spectrum of the
major reaction product indicated that it was the dimer,
possibly benzoquinone-4-methoxyanil, a product that
also was observed from the horseradish peroxidase-
catalyzed oxidation of p-anisidine by hydrogen perox-
ide.
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Hydrogen peroxide, 'Biodeterioration,
"Suspended sediments, "Fresh water, Reaction kinet-
ics, Mass spectroscopy, Catalysis, Chemical composi-
tion, Particle size, Photochemical reactions, Biochem-
istry, Reprints, Organic matter.
PB90-264722/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Comparison of Numerical Schemes for Solving a
Spherical Particle Diffusion Equation. Journal arti-
cle.
Environmental Research Lab., Athens, GA.
F. K. Fong, and L. A. Mulkey. C1990, 13p EPA/600/J-
90/106
Pub. in Water Resources Research, v26 n5 p843-853
May 90.
A new robust iterative numerical scheme was devel-
oped for a nonlinear diffusive model that described
sorption dynamics in spherical particle suspensions.
The numerical scheme had been applied to finite dif-
ference and finite element models that showed rapid
convergence and stability under wide ranges of parti-
tion coefficients. Comparisons were made with explicit
finite difference and orthogonal collocation methods.
The diffusive model assumes complete mixing in the
bulk aqueous solution and considers intraaggregate
transport within the suspended particles. The effect of
particle size distribution of suspensions also was in-
cluded in the model. Sorption was described using
both linear and nonlinear isotherms.
Keywords: 'Water quality, 'Diffusion theory, 'Sorp-
tion, Water pollution, Finite difference theory, Finite
element analysis, Mathematical models, Conver-
gence, Comparison, Reprints, Iterative methods, Non-
linear analysis, Suspensions, Collocation.
PB90-264730/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
Transconjugatlon between Bacteria in the Diges-
tive Tract of the Cutworm 'Peridroma saucla'.
Journal article.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
J. L. Armstrong, N. D. Wood, and L. A. Porteous.
c1990, 4p EPA/600/J-90/105
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v56
n5p1492-1493 May 90.
Transconjugants arising from transfer of plasmid
R388::Tn1721 between donor and recipient strains of
Enterobacter cloacae were detected in samples from
the digestive tracts and fecal pellets of variegated
cutworms (Peridroma saucia). (Copyright (c) 1990,
American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Digestive system, "Enterobacteriaceae,
Feces, Reprints, "Peridroma saucia, "Genetic conju-
gation, Plasmids.
PB90-264748/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Commentary on 'Cellular, Biochemical and Func-
tional Effects of Ozone: New Research and Per-
spectives on Ozone Health Effects'. Journal article.
NSI Technology Services Corp., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
G. E. Hatch, J. Tepper, M. J. Selgrade, and D. L. Costa.
C1990, 7p EPA/600/J-90/103
Contract EPA-68-02-4450
Pub. in Toxicology Letters, v51 n2 p119-123 Apr 90.
Sponsored by Health Effects Research Lab., Re-
search Triangle Park, NC.
Ozone has received considerable attention recently
because the National Clean Air Act is being revised
and ozone represents a pollutant that has not been
controlled by the previous act. Health effects studies
on ozone will be of critical importance in evaluating
fuel alternatives of the future. Human pulmonary func-
tion decrements caused by ozone are discussed in the
review with emphasis on the fact that these effects are
reversible, they are not mechanistically defined, they
are highly variable between subjects, and they are only
seen following strenuous exercise in the presence of
ozone. In spite of these uncertainties, it is important to
realize that these effects are statistically significant in
young, healthy subjects even at the NAAQS of 0.12
ppm ozone (6.6 h).
Keywords: "Public health, "Ozone, "Air pollution,
Fuels, Automobiles, Toxicity, Pulmonary fibrosis, Res-
piration, Reprints.
PB90-264755/HSU
PC A02/MF A01
Trends in the Geographic Inequality of Cardiovas-
cular Disease Mortality In the United States, 1962-
1982. Journal article.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. Wing, M. Casper, W. Davis, C. Hayes, and W.
Riggan. C1990,8p EPA/600/J-90/088
Pub. in Social Science and Medicine, v30 n3 p261-266
Mar 90. Prepared in cooperation with North Carolina
Univ. at Chapel Hill. Dept. of Epidemiology.
Substantial geographic variation of cardiovascular dis-
ease (CVD) mortality within the U.S. has been recog-
nized for decades. Analyses reported address the
question of whether relative geographic inequality has
increased or decreased during the period of rapidly de-
clining CVD mortality 1962-1982. Trends in geographic
inequality, as measured by the weighted coefficient of
variation of State Economic Area rates, are analyzed
for whites and blacks by sex for 10-year age groups
35-44 to 85 and over. The average annual percent
change in the coefficient of variation for each demo-
graphic group is presented for all cause mortality, all
CVD, stroke and ischemic heart disease. In general,
geographic inequalities declined in total mortality for all
except the youngest age group. This is consistent with
reports of a strong convergence of age-adjusted
cancer mortality in U.S. counties. By contrast, increas-
ing geographic inequality dominates in the CVD cate-
gories, especially for whites in heart disease and
stroke. At younger ages, increases in the coefficient of
variation for all race-sex groups exceeded 1 % per year
In stroke and 2% per year in heart disease. These re-
sults suggest that factors influencing the percent de-
cline of CVD mortality are not reaching communities of
the U.S. equally. Since increases in relative inequality
are strongest in the younger age groups, the pattern of
inequality may be accentuated as these cohorts move
into ages of higher mortality.
Keywords: "Cardiovascular diseases, 'Mortality, De-
mography, Trends, Distribution(Property), Age, Sex,
Epidemiology, Race.
PB90-264763/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Recruitment of a Chromosomally Encoded Malay.
lacetate Reductase for Degradation of 2,4-Dicn-
lorophenoxyacetlc Acid by Plasmid pJP4. Journal
article.
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Medical School.
J. J. Kukor, R. H. Olsen, and J. S. Siak. c1989, 8p EPA/
600/J-89/436
Grant EPA-R-812679
Pub. in Jnl. of Bacteriology, v171 n6 p3385-3390 Jun
89. Prepared in cooperation with General Motors Re-
search Labs., Warren, Ml. Sponsored by Environmen-
tal Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
When Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01c or P. putida
PP0220 or PP0300 carry plasmid pJP4, which encodes
enzymes for the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxya-
cetic acid (TFD) or 2-chloromaleylacetate, cells do not
grow on TFD and UV-absorbing material with spectral
characteristics of chloromaleyiacetate accumulates in
the culture medium. Using plasmid pR01727, DNA
fragments which contain the gene for maleyiacetate
reductase, were cloned from the chromosome of a
nonfluorescent pseudomonad, Pseudomonas sp
strain PK01,6- and 0.5-kilobase BamHI. A novel poly-
peptide with an estimated molecular weight of 18,000
was detected in cell extracts of P. aeruginosa canyina
either plasmid pR01944 or plasmid pR0945. Maleyia-
cetate reductase activity was induced in cells of P
putida carrying plasmid PR01945, as well as in cells in
Pseudomonas strain PK01, when grown on L-tyroslne
suggesting that the tyrosine catabolic pathway might
be the source from which maleyiacetate reductase is
recruited for the degradation of TFD in pJP4-bearina
cells of Pseudomonas sp. strain PK01. (Copyright (ci
1989 American Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: "Chromosomes, 'Pseudomonas, Biodeter-
ioration, Deoxyribonucleic acids, Reprints, 'Maleyiace-
tate reductase, *2-4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, Pla»-
mids, Molecular cloning, Gene expression regulation
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.	'
PB90-264771/HSU	PC A02/MF Am
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Cloning, Expression, and Regulation of the 'Pseu-
domonas cepacia' Protocatechuate 3,4-Dloxygen-
ase Genes. Journal article.
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Medical School.
G. J. Zylstra, R. H. Olsen, and D. P. Ballou. cNov 89,
10p EPA/600/J-89/435
Pub. in Jnl. of Bacteriology, v171 n11 p5907-5914 Nov
89. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Gulf
Breeze, FL.
Genes for the alpha and beta subunits of the enzyme
protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase were cloned from
the Pseudomonas cepacia DB01 chromosome on a
9.5 kilobase pair Pstl fragment into the broad-host-
range cloning vector pR02317. The resultant clone
was able to complement protocatechuate 3,4-dioxy-
genase mutations in P. cepacia, P. aeruginosa, and P.
putida. Expression studies showed that the genes
were constitutively expressed and subject to catabolite
repression in the heterologous host. Since the cloned
genes exhibited normal induction patterns when
present in P. cepacia DB01 it was concluded that in-
duction was subject to negative control. (Copyright (c)
1989 American Society for Microbiology).
Keywords: "Pseudomonas, Mutations, Reprints, 'Mo-
lecular cloning, 'Gene expression, 'Protocatechuate
3-4-dioxygenase, 'Bacterial genes, Plasmids, Restric-
tion mapping.
PB90-264789/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Water Quality
Concentrations from Censored Data. Journal arti-
cle.
National Water Research Inst., Burlington (Ontario).
A. H. El-Shaarawi, and D. M. Dolan. c1989,9p EPA/
600/J-89/434
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Fisheries and Aquatic Sci-
ences, v46 n6 p1033-1039 1989. Prepared in coopera-
tion with International Joint Commission-United States
and Canada, Windsor (Ontario). Great Lakes Regional
Office. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-
Duluth, MN.
Concentration data for water quality parameters re-
ported as less than the detection limit (DL) may be
considered to have come from a censored probability
distribution. Traditionally, if it was necessary to assign
a value to a sample reported as less than DL, various
ad hoc methods were used such as selecting arbitrary
values (0,1 /2 DL, DL, etc.). As analytical methods im-
proved, DL's became smaller and the choice of ad hoc
methods had less of an effect. However, there are two
cases where the choice of estimation method is still a
problem: (1) it is desired to calculate a differential load-
ing (i.e., downstream minus upstream); (2) a loading
estimate is desired in a tributary whose flow rate is ex-
tremely large. Both cases apply in connecting chan-
nels such as the Niagara and Detroit Rivers. The back-
ground for development of a nonarbitrary method for
handling these situations is presented and the result-
ant estimator is used on water quality data from the
connecting channels and Lake Ontario. The equations
for confidence intervals for estimated mean concen-
trations or loadings are also presented. The effect of
changing the DL is discussed.
Keywords:	"Water	quality,
Concentratlon(Composition), Lake Ontario, Niagara
River, Detroit River, Reprints, Maximum likelihood esti-
mation, Lognormal distribution, Censored data, Trace
amounts.
PB90-264797/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Identification and Determination of Tert-Alkyl-
ghenols in Carp from the Trenton Channel of the
etrolt River, Michigan USA. Journal article.
Indiana Univ. at Bloomington.
H. Shiraishi, D. S. Carter, and R. A. Hites. C1989,8p
EPA/600/J-89/433
Grant EPA-R-813524
Pub. in Biomedical and Environmental Mass Spec-
trometry, V18 p478-483 1989.Portions of this docu-
ment are not fully legible. Sponsored by Environmental
Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Whole carp from the Detroit River were analyzed by
gas chromatographic mass spectrometry. Seven terti-
ary alkyl phenols (tert-pentylphenols, tert-butyl-tert-
pentylphenols, a di-tert-pentylphenol and a tri-tert-pen-
tylphenol) and eight chlorinated derivatives of these
compounds were Identified from their mass spectra
and confirmed with synthesized authentic standards.
2,4-Di-tert-pentylphenol was the most abundant of
these compounds; in one fish sample, its concentra-
tion was about 140 ppm. The same alkyl phenols were
also found in technical-grade 2,4-di-tert-pentylphenol,
which is manufactured at a chemical plant located
near the Detroit River. Comparison of the alkyl phenol
levels in carp with those in nearby sediments showed
that many of these compounds are taken up by carp
and that carp can be used to roughly track local sedi-
ment contamination. (Copyright (c) 1989 by John Wiley
and Sons, Ltd.)
Keywords: "Carp, Chemical analysis, Gas chromatog-
raphy, Mass spectroscopy, Detroit River, Pesticides,
Chlorinated hydrocarbons, Reprints, "Chemical water
pollutants, tert-Alkylphenols, Polychlorobiphenyl
compounds.
PB90-264805/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Factors Affecting the Efficiency of Some Estima-
tors of Fluvial Total Phosphorus Load. Journal arti-
cle.
Clarkson Univ., Potsdam, NY. Dept. of Civil and Envi-
ronmental Engineering.
T. C. Young, J. V. DePinto, and T. M. Heidtke. C1988,
8p EPA/600/J-89/432
Grants EPA-R-005872-01, EPA-R-005878-01
Pub. in Water Resources Research, v24 n9 pl535-
1540 Sep 88. Prepared in cooperation with Wayne
State Univ., Detroit, Ml. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth,
MN.
The accuracy of estimating total phosphorus (TP)
loads to receiving waters usually is constrained by
availability of concentration data, as discharge (flow)
data normally are comparatively abundant. Using 4
years of daily observations from three tributaries to the
Great Lakes (Grand, Saginaw, and Sandusky Rivers),
annual TP loads were tested for accuracy by five meth-
ods, including regression, ratio, and robust estimators.
Monte Carlo methods were employed to simulate repli-
cated flow-stratified sampling of the datasets with vari-
ous allocations of samples to flow strata. Each of the
load calculation methods was applied to each group of
simulated samples, and response was quantitated as
load estimation error (computed minus 'true' load).
The results show the most consistently accurate esti-
mator was Beale's stratified ratio estimator. It was,
however, the only stratified estimator tested and
should have been more accurate. Most accurate of the
unstratified estimators was a straightforward least
squares regression (log-log) method. The response of
estimation bias to flow cut point and sample allocation
manipulations indicated (1) beneficial results generally
(but not always) obtained from high flow weighting of
sampling and (2) postsampling stratification generally
may yield improved accuracy for load estimation and
deserves additional research. (Copyright (c) 1988 by
the American Geophysical Union.)
Keywords: 'Stream pollution, "Phosphorus, Mathe-
matical models, Data sampling, Effluents, Monte Carlo
method, River basins, Computerized simulation, Sagi-
naw River, Grand River, Sandusky River, Michigan,
Ohio, Great Lakes, Reprints.
PB90-264813/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, Grosse lie, Ml.
Large Lakes Research Station.
Determinants of Polychlorlnated Biphenyls
(PCBs), Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBBs), and
Dichlorodlphenyl Trlchloroethane (DDT) Levels In
the Sera of Young Children. Journal article.
Wayne State Univ., Detroit, Ml.
J. L. Jacobson, H. E. B. Humphrey, S. W. Jacobson, S.
L. Schantz, and M. D. Mullin. c1989,6p EPA/600/J-
89/430
Grants EPA-R-80852010, PHS-ES-03256
Prepared in cooperation with Michigan Dept. of Public
Health, Lansing. Center for Environmental Health Sci-
ences. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-
Duluth, Grosse lie, Ml. Large Lakes Research Station,
and National Inst, of Environmental Health Sciences,
Research Triangle Park, NC.
Serum samples from 285 4-year old Michigan children
were evaluated for levels of 11 environmental con-
taminants. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were
found in half the samples tested; polybrominated bi-
phenyls (PBBs) in 13-21%; dichlorodlphenyl trlchlor-
oethane (DDT), in more than 70%. Nursing (Mothers'
milk) was the principal source of these exposures.
Congener-specific analysis documented the presence
of at least one highly toxic PCB congener, 2,3',4,4',5-
pentachlorobiphenyl. The data demonstrate the multi-
generational impact of female exposure to persistent
organic environmental contaminants. (Copyright (c)
1989 American Journal of Public Health).
Keywords: "Blood chemical analysis, "DDT, Children,
Michigan, Public health, Reprints, "Toxic substances,
'Polychlorobiphenyl compounds, 'Polybromobiphenyl
compounds, Human milk, Cohort studies, Environmen-
tal pollutants.
PB90-264821/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Freshwater Sediment Toxicity Bloassassment:
Rationale for Species Selection and Test Design.
Journal article.
Michigan State Univ., East Lansing.
J. P. Giesy, and R. A. Hoke. c1989,33p EPA/600/J-
89/429
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research, v15 n4 p539-569
1989. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-
Duluth, MN.
The rationale and conceptual basis for the use of sedi-
ment toxicity assays are discussed in relationship to
their use in sediment evaluations employing faunal sur-
veys, toxicity assays, and chemical analyses. The dis-
advantages and advantages of various species from
the major classes of aquatic organisms for use as sedi-
ment toxicity assay organisms are presented. Relative
sensitivities of selected species and their ease of labo-
ratory culture and utility as assay organisms are used
to rank assays and propose a battery of assays for the
rapid screening evaluation of sediment toxicity. The
usefulness of a battery of assays for the screening
evaluation of sediment toxicity and statistical consider-
ations which are important in the development of study
designs and the analysis of results from the battery of
proposed assays are discussed. The assays recom-
mended for inclusion in the screening battery for eval-
uation of sediment toxicity are Microtox, an algal
assay, the Chironomus tentans 10-d growth assay,
and the 48-h Daphnia magna acute assay.
Keywords: "Aquatic biology, 'Sediments, "Toxicity,
Bacteria, Bioassay, Algae, Mollusca, Protozoa, Daph-
nia, Reprints, "Chemical water pollutants, "Toxic sub-
stances, Environmental monitoring, Remedial action.
PB90-264839/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Nutrient Release Rates from the Sediments of
Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron. Journal article.
Chicago Univ., IL. Dept. of Geophysical Sciences.
W. J. Ullman, and R. C. Aller. C1989,16p EPA/600/J-
89/428
Contracts EPA-CR-976961NOA3, EPA-CR-OCE-83-
09551
Pub. in Hydrobiologia, v171 p127-140 1989. Prepared
in cooperation with Delaware Univ., Lewes. Coll. of
Marine Studies, and State Univ. of New York at Stony
Brook. Marine Sciences Research Center. Sponsored
by Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Direct measurements of net production rates and pore
water profiles of solutes in the fine-grained sediments
of Saginaw Bay. imply corresponding steady-state
fluxes to the overlying water of 1.1-1.3(1), 450-1010
(NH4(1 +)), 1250-2650 (Si(OH)4), 3000-3400
(Ca(2+)), 440-1330 (Mg(2+)), 1.5-728 (Fe(2+)), and
179-261 (Mn(2+)) micromoles/sq m/day and 11.0-
11.8 (alkalinity) meq/sq m/day at 17.5 C. Silica pro-
duction rates in sediments apparently follow first order
kinetics with a rate coefficient of approximately 0.09/
day and a steady-state silica concentration of 1.2 mM
at 23.5 C. The remaining solutes follow kinetics ap-
proximately independent of solute concentration over
the range of concentrations observed. Measured
solute production rates are consistent with observed
solute profiles only if lateral diffusion gradients are
maintained in the sediments by the burrowing and irri-
gation activity of benthic organisms such as Chirono-
mous, the dominant burrower in Saginaw Bay. Assum-
ing that solute fluxes from Saginaw Bay are represent-
ative of all of the post-glacial sediments of Lake Huron,
the iodine flux from sediments is comparable to the
total fluvial input of iodine. The extrapolated silica
fluxes from Lake Huron sediments balance the esti-
mated biogenic silica flux to the sediments.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Nutrients, "Sediments, 'Saginaw Bay, Al-
kalinity, Kinetics, Lake Huron, Reprints, Chironomous.
PB90-264847/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Response of Plant-Colonizing Pseudomonads to
Hydrogen Peroxide. Journal article.
Utah State Univ., Logan. Dept. of Biology.
J. Katsuwon, and A. J. Anderson. c1989,7p EPA/600/
J-89/427
Contract EPA-R-815294
Pub. in Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v55
n11 p2985-2989 Nov 89. Sponsored by Environmental
Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Colonization of plant root surfaces by Pseudomonas
putida may require mechanisms that protect this bac-
terium against superoxide anion and hydrogen perox-
ide produced by the root. Catalase and superoxide dis-
mutase may be important in this bacterial defense
system. Stationary-phase cells of P. putida were not
killed by hydrogen peroxide (H202) at concentrations
up to 10 mM, and extracts from these cells possessed
three isozymic bands of catalase activity in native po-
lyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Logarithmic-phase
cells exposed directly to hydrogen peroxide concen-
trations above 1 mM were killed. Extracts of logarith-
mic-phase cells displayed only band A catalase activi-
ty. Protection against 5 mM H202 was apparent after
previous exposure of the logarithmic-phase cells to
nonlethal concentrations (30 to 300 microM) of H202.
Extracts of these protected cells possessed enhanced
catalase activity of band A and small amounts of
bands B and C. A single form of superoxide dismutase
and isoforms of catalase were apparent in extracts
from a foliar intercellular pathogen, Pseudomonas syr-
ingae pv. phaseolicola. (Copyright (c) 1989, American
Society for Microbiology.)
Keywords: 'Pseudomonas, 'Hydrogen peroxide,
Plants(Botany), Response(Biology), Catalase, Re-
prints, Superoxide dismutase, Isoelectric focusing,
Isoenzymes, Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
PB90-264854/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Genetic Organization and Sequence of the 'Pseu-
domonas cepacia' for the Alpha and Beta Subun-
its of Protocatechuate 3,4-Dioxygenase. Journal
article.
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Medical School.
G. J. Zylstra, R. H. Olsen, and D. P. Ballou. c1989,9p
EPA/600/J-89/426
Pub. in Jnl. of Bacteriology, v171 n11 p5915-5921 Nov
89. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Gulf
Breeze, FL.
Locations of genes for alpha and beta subunits of pro-
tocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase on a 9.5 kilobase pair
Pstl fragment cloned from the Pseudomonas cepacia
DB01 chromosome were determined after construc-
tion of several subclones into the broad-host-range
cloning vectors pR02317, pR02320, and pR02321.
The ability of each subclone to complement mutations
in protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase (pcaA) was tested
in mutant strains derived from P. cepacia, P. aerugin-
osa, and P. putida. These complementation studies
also showed that the two subunits were expressed
from the same promoter. The nucleotide sequence of
the region encoding for protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygen-
ase was determined. The deduced amino acid se-
quence matched that determined by N-terminal analy-
sis of regions of the isolated enzyme. The deduced
amino acid sequence shows extensive homology with
the previously determined amino acid sequence of
protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase from another Pseu-
domonas species. (Copyright (c) 1989 American Soci-
ety for Microbiology.)
Keywords: Mutations, Deoxyribonucleic acids, Re-
prints, "Pseudomonas cepacia, 'Bacterial genes,
"Amino acid sequence, 'Protocatechuate dioxygen-
ase, Plasmids, Nucleic acid sequence homology, Base
sequence, Promotor regions(Genetics).
PB90-264862/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
TCLP as a Measure of Treatment Effectiveness.
Journal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
RxtSSpLaEsPosi,o.c1989,17pEPA/
600/J-89/418
1674 Vol. 90, No. 24
Pub. in Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials, v6
n4 p347-361 1989. Sponsored by PEI Associates, Inc.,
Cincinnati, OH.
The 1984 Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of
the Resources Conservation and Recovery Act require
that EPA either ban the disposal of hazardous wastes
to the land or ascertain that such wastes are accepta-
ble for land disposal. The soil and debris associated
with the clean up of Superfund sites also fall under
these statutes and must be addressed. A significant
part of the regulatory strategy adopted by EPA in-
volved the determination of best demonstrated avail-
able technology for contaminated soils and debris. A
series of soil treatment technologies that were consid-
ered as candidates for Superfund sites (physical,
chemical, thermal solidification) were tested on a labo-
ratory prepared feed sample and the waste product
streams generated were processed by the Toxicity
Characteristic Leaching Procedure.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
"Soils, Toxicity, Soil properties, Leaching, Extraction,
Metals, Insecticides, Simulation, Incinerators, Thermal
degradation, Chemical analysis, Washing, Soil stabili-
zation, Superfund, "Land pollution, Best Available
Technology.
PB90-264870/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Factors Affecting Metal Partitioning during Resu-
spension of Sediments from the Detroit River.
Journal article.
Clarkson Univ., Potsdam, NY. Dept. of Civil and Envi-
ronmental Engineering.
T. L. Theis, T. C. Young, and J. V. DePinto. c1988,13p
EPA/600/J-88/534
Grant CR-812570
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research, v14 n2 p216-226
1988. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-
Duluth, MN.
The release of previously deposited substances from
sediments may represent a significant source of con-
taminants to the overlying water. Of special concern is
the partitioning between aqueous- and sediment-
phase heavy metals in response to resuspension
events induced by hydrodynamic forces. In the paper,
results from a set of field experiments are reported in
which sediment cores from three stations in the Tren-
ton Channel of the Detroit River were artificially resu-
spended. Statistical analysis of the data indicated that
the concentrations of the dissolved metals Cd, Co, Cu,
Ni, Pb, and Zn in the overlying water varied inversely
with pH (p<.05) and directly with time when the pH
was below 7.5. In addition, dissolved metals were con-
sistently lower at the higher frequency of mixing. Only
Zn showed a direct correlation between total and dis-
solved concentrations although all other metals re-
vealed an increased positive correlation at the higher
mixing rate. These results are interpreted in terms of
surface sorption reactions, particle size distributions,
and mass transfer controls on metal-sediment reaction
rates.
Keywords: "Detroit River, "Metals, "Sediments,
Suspending(Mixing), pH, Carbon, Field tests, Reprints,
"Toxic substances.
PB90-264888/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Aggregation and Disaggregation of Fine-Grained
Lake Sediments. Journal article.
California Univ., Santa Barbara. Dept. of Mechanical
and Environmental Engineering.
W. Lick, and J. Lick. C1988,10p EPA/600/J-88/533
Contract EPA-R005796
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research, v14 n4 p514-523
1988. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-
Duluth, MN.
The effects of fluid shear and sedimentation concen-
tration on the aggregation, and especially disaggrega-
tion, of fine-grained sediments in lake waters contin-
ues to be an important research area. It has been
shown in previous studies that the steady-state
median floe size decreases as the shear stress in-
creases and also decreases as the suspended sedi-
ment concentration increases. Here, the time rate of
change of the particle size distribution as affected by
aggregation and disaggregation due to fluid shear and
to collisions between particles is considered from a
theoretical point of view. Approximate value for the co-
efficients appearing in the rate equation and their de-
pendence on floe diameter, shear stress, and density
were determined. In order to explain the observed de-
crease in floe size as the sediment concentration in-
creases, the theoretical analysis requires disaggrega-
tion due to three-body collisions. The theory does not
require disaggregation due to fluid shear. For the
present range of parameters, fluid shear seems to
have a negligible direct effect on disaggregation, while
collisions between particles (possibly due to shear but
also due to differential settling and Brownian motion)
are the dominant mechanism for disaggregation.
Keywords: "Agglomeration, 'Deagglomeration, "Sedi-
ment transport, Flocculating, Lake Erie, Fines, Sedi-
mentation, Suspended sediments, Shear stress, Brow-
nian movement. Water pollution, Reprints, Sediment-
water interfaces. Environmental transport.
PB90-264896/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Organic Contaminants in Sediments from the
Trenton Channel of the Detroit River, Michigan.
Journal article.
Indiana Univ. at Bloomington.
E. T. Furlong, D. S. Carter, and R. A. Hites. c1988 14d
EPA/600/J-88/532	K
Grant EPA-R-813524
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research, v14 n4 p489-501
1988. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab -
Duluth, MN.
Anthropogenic organic contaminants in sediments
from the Trenton Channel of the Detroit River, a highly
Industrialized waterway connecting Lake St. Clair with
Lake Erie, were identified and quantified. The four
major classes of organic contaminants identified were
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), polychlori-
nated biphenyls (PCB), polychlorinated naphthalenes
(PCN), and polychlorinated terphenyls (PCT). Distribu-
tions of total PAH, the homologues of PCB and PCN
and total PCT were measured in 33 sediment samples'
Concentration range maps revealed one region of rela-
tively low contaminant concentration (southwest shore
of Grosse lie) and one area of high contaminant con-
centration in the vicinity of Monguagon Creek, located
on the northwestern side of the Trenton Channel
Closer examination of total compound class and hom-
ologue concentration distributions suggests a hierar-
chical ordering of contaminant distribution similarity
Total PCT and PCN concentration distributions are
most similar to one another, suggesting a common
source in the vicinity of the Monguagon Creek mouth
PAH and PCB distributions are less similar to each
other and to total PCT and PCN distributions, suggest-
ing different sources of these compound classes.
Keywords: "Sediments, "Chemical analysis, Detroit
River, Trenton Channel, Aromatic polycyclic hydrocar-
bons, Concentration(Composition), Extraction Gas
chromatography, Mass spectroscopy, Quality control
Distillation, Reprints, "Water pollution detection'
'Water pollution sampling, Sediment-water interfaces'
Polychlorinated biphenyls, Polychlorinated naphtha-
lenes, Polychlorinated terphenyls.
PB90-264904/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Toxicokinetics of Selected Xenoblotlcs in 'Hexa-
Renla limbata'. Journal article,
ational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Ann Arbor, Ml. Great Lakes Environmental Research
Lab.
P. F. Landrum, and R. Poore. C1988,12p EPA/600/J-
88/531
Contract EPA-DW13931213-01 -01
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research, v14 n4 P427-437
1988. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lah-
Duluth, MN.
Understanding the role of benthos in the fate and
transport of contaminants requires understanding the
toxicokinetics of those organisms for both waterbome
and sediment-associated compounds. This effort fo-
cused on the toxicokinetics of Hexagenia limbata as
an important component of the benthic community of
the upper GGreat Lakes connecting channels The ac
cumulation and elimination of two polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbon congeners and a hexachlorobiohenvi
Isomer were followed over the course of a season in H
limbata collected from Lake St. Clair. Both the water
uptake clearance and elimination rate constants in-
creased with increasing temperature through tta
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
relatively large. The uptake constant for sediment-as-
sociated compounds was essentially constant the two
times it was measured and was large compared to
sediment accumulation by Pontoporeia hoyi. Steady
state model calculations indicate that the amount of
compound in H. limbata should decline as temperature
increases. The BCF values on a lipid content normal-
ized basis remain relatively constant for both PAHs
and show some change with season for hexachlorobi-
phenyl. Based on the best estimates of environmental
concentration of the contaminants studied in both
sediment and water, the model suggests that H. lim-
bata should obtain greater than 90% of its contami-
nant body burden from the sediment-associated pollut-
ants.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, "Aquatic biology, Tempera-
ture, Lipids, Oxygen consumption, Aromatic polycyclic
hydrocarbons, Biodeterioration, Sediments, Reprints,
"Pharmacokinetics, "Xenobiotics, "Hexagenia lim-
bata, "Water pollution effects(Animals), Environmental
monitoring, Polychlorobiphenyl compounds, Passive
biological transport, Cell membrane.
PB90-264912/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Removing Organic Contaminants from Ground-
water: A Cost and Performance Evaluation. Jour-
nal article.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Drinking Water Research Div.
R. M. Clark, C. A. Frank, and B. W. Lykins. c1988,7p
EPA/600/J-88/530
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v22
n10p1126-1130 1988.
More than 100 million Americans depend on ground-
water as a source of drinking water. Three quarters of
U.S. cities get their water supplies totally or in part from
groundwater and one-third of the largest cities rely on
groundwater for at least part of their potable water
supply. A number of recent studies have documented
the actual or potential contamination of the nation's
groundwater on a wide scale. Some of this contamina-
tion is man made but much of it is of natural origin. In
either case some form of treatment is required before
contaminated groundwater can be used for water
supply. USEPA's Drinking Water Research Division
has been conducting bench, pilot and field studies on
technologies that effectively treat groundwater. The
paper reports some of the results from these studies.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Ground water,
"water pollution, "Water treatment, Field tests, Pota-
ble water, Water supply, Activated carbon treatment,
Performance evaluation. Removal, Adsorbent, Aer-
ation, Ozonization, Pesticides, Tests, Filtration, Ultra-
violet radiation, Cost analysis, Reprints, "Volatile or-
ganic compounds, Case studies, Trichloroethylene, Air
stripping, Reverse osmosis.
PB90-264920/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
Cloning and Expression of the catA and catBC
Gene Clusters from 'Pseudomona* aeruginosa'
PAO. Journal article.
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Medical School.
J. J. Kukor, R. H. Olsen, and D. P. Ballou. C1988,10p
EPA/600/J-88/529
Grant EPA-R-812679
Pub. in Jnl. of Bacteriology, v170 n18 p4458-4465 Oct
88. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab., Gulf
Breeze, FL.
A 9.9-kilobase (kb) BAMIII restriction endonuclease
fragment encoding the catA and catBC gene clusters
was selected from a gene bank of the Pseudomonas
aeruginosa PA01c chromosome. The catA, catB, and
catC genes encode enzymes that catalyze consecu-
tive reactions in the catechol branch of the beta-ketoa-
dipate pathway. A recombinant plasmid, pRo1783,
which contains the 9.9-kb BAMIII restriction fragment
complemented P. aeruginosa, mutants with lesions in
the catA, catB, or catC gene; however, this fragment of
chromosomal DNA did not contain any other catabollc
gene which had been placed near the catA or catBC
cluster based on cotransducibility of the loci. Restric-
tion mapping, deletion subclonlng, and complementa-
tion analysis showed that the order of the genes on the
cloned chromosomal DNA fragment is catA, catB,
catC. (Copyright (c) 1988, American Society for Micro-
biology.)
Keywords: Mutations, Catalysis, Reprints, "Pseudo-
monas aeruginosa, 'Reiterated genes, "Molecular
cloning, "Gene expression, Plasmids, Restriction map-
ping, Transfection, Recombination(Genetics), Bacte-
rial DNA.
PB90-264938/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
32P-Postlabellng Analysis of Aromatic DNA Ad-
ducts In Fish from Polluted Areas. Journal article.
British Columbia Cancer Research Center, Vancouver.
Environmental Carcinogenesis Unit.
B. P. Dunn, J. J. Black, and A. Maccubbin. c1987,7p
EPA/600/J-87/532
Grant EPA-812575
Pub. in Cancer Research, v47 p6543-6548,15 Dec 87.
Prepared in cooperation with Roswell Park Memorial
Inst., Buffalo, NY. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Brown bullheads (Ictalurus nebulosus) were sampled
from sites in the Buffalo and Detroit Rivers where fish
are exposed to high levels of sediment bound polycy-
clic aromatic hydrocarbons, and suffer from an elevat-
ed frequency of liver cancer. DNA was isolated from
the livers of these wild fish and from control specimens
which were raised in clean aquariums. DNA was enzy-
matically digested to normal and adducted nucleo-
tides, and hydrophobic/bulky adducts were enriched
in the digests either by preparative reverse-phase
high-pressure liquid chromatography, or selective nu-
clease P1 dephosphorylation of normal nucleotides.
Aromatic DNA-carcinogen adducts were then quanti-
tated using (32)P-postlabeling analysis. Using both
adduct enrichment procedures, chromatograms de-
rived from DNA of fish from polluted areas showed a
diffuse diagonal radioactive zone not present in DNA
from aquarium raised fish.
Keywords: "Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons, "Fresh
water fishes, Liver neoplasms, Hydrolysis, Thin layer
chromatography, "Foreign technology, "DNA damage,
"Water pollution effects(Animals), Phosphorus radioi-
sotopes, Benzo(a)pyrene, High pressure liquid chro-
matography.
PB90-264946/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Personal Computers and Environmental Engineer-
ing. Part 1. Trends and Perspectives. Journal arti-
cle.
Colorado Univ. at Boulder.
S. C. Chapra, and R. P. Canale. c1987,7p EPA/600/J-
87/531
Grant EPA-810076
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v21
n9 P832-837 1987. See also Part 2, PB90-264953.
Prepared in cooperation with Michigan Univ., Ann
Arbor. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-
Duluth, MN.
The article discusses how personal computers can be
applied to environmental engineering. After explaining
some of the differences between mainframe and per-
sonal computers, the authors will review the develop-
ment of personal computers and describe the areas of
data management, interactive computation, graphics,
and simulation, where personal computers plav a
prominent role in the transfer of Information. Next, tney
will discuss new trends and developments such as arti-
ficial intelligence and their potential impact on environ-
mental engineering, and they will suggest how person-
al computers mignt change the practice of environ-
mental engineering in the future.
Keywords: Microcomputers, Artificial intelligence, Re-
prints, "Environmental protection, "Personal comput-
ers, "Aquatic ecosystems, "Computer applications.
PB90-264953/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Personal Computers and Environmental Engineer-
ing. Part 2. Applications. Journal article.
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor.
R. P. Canale, and M. T. Auer. C1987,8p EPA/600/J-
87/530
Grant EPA-R-809521
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v21
n10 P936-942 1987. See also Part 1, PB90-264946.
Prepared in cooperation with Michigan Technological
Univ., Houghton. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab.-Duluth, MN.
The objective of the paper is to provide an example of
the application of personal computers for water quality
management in Green Bay, Wis. The capabilities of the
personal computer can help decision makers deter-
mine the level of remediation necessary to meet speci-
fied water quality goals through: development and use
of complex mathematical models for water quality pa-
rameters, such as phosphorus and oxygen; organiza-
tion and manipulation of the larpe amounts of field
data required for model calibration and verification:
simulation of a variety of management options aimed
at cost effective improvement of water quality, and ef-
fective communication of technical concepts and man-
agement recommendations to decision makers and
public interest groups.
Keywords: "Oxygen, Phosphorus, Mathematical
models, Green Bay(Wisconsin), Calibrating, Decision
making, Reprints, "Water quality management, "Per-
sonal computers, "Computer applications.
PB90-264961/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Overview of USEPA/Clear Lake Erie Sediment
Oxygen Demand Investigations during 1979. Jour-
nal article.
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Center for Lake Erie Area
Research
W. S. Davis, L. A. Fay, and C. E. Herdendorf. c1987,8p
EPA/600/J-87/529
Grants EPA-R-804612030, EPA-R-005516001
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research, v13 n4 p731-737
1987 Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-
Duluth, MN.
In situ hypolimnetic oxygen depletion measurements
were conducted during four summer cruises in 1979 at
two central basin stations in Lake Erie to evaluate the
relative contribution of the sediments to the oxygen
demand. Sediment oxygen demand (SOD) rates were
determined by measuring the rate of oxygen decrease
within a triangular benthic chamber; water column
oxygen demand (WOD) rates were determined using
24-hour light and dark bottles placed in situ. Results in-
dicated that the SOD contribution to the hypolimnetic
oxygen depletion rate decreased throughout the
summer from about 81 % to only 30% with an initially
high rate due to spring algal biomass sedimentation
and lower rates in late summer due to depressed
oxygen levels. The WOD rate contribution increased
from 19% to 70% throughout the stratified period due
to the decomposition of settling algal cells. Comparing
the overall volumetric summer in situ rates (0.126 mg
02/L/day) with cruise-interval depletion rates (0.365
mg 02/L/day), the in situ rates were about 300%
higher. This is attributed to unaccounted oxygen
sources to the hypolimnion and because the in situ
rates measure the gross WOD and SOD rather than
measuring the net effects they exert.
Keywords: "Sediments, "Oxygen demand, Great
Lakes, Lake Erie, Seasonal vanations, Benthos, Strati-
fication, Dissolved gases, Algae, Reprints, "Sediment-
water interfaces, "Hypsometric analysis, Aquatic eco-
systems, Biological effects, Dissolved oxygen, US
EPA.
PB90-264979/KSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Analytical and Experimental Studies of the
Benthic Boundary Layer and Their Applicability to
Near-Bottom Transport In Lake Erie. Journal arti-
cle.
Ohio State Univ., Columbus. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
K. W. Bedford, and M. Abdelrhman. c1987,22p EPA/
600/J-87/528
Grants EPA-R-8077623010, EPA-R-811731010
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research. V13 n4 p628-648
1987. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-
Duluth, MN.
With there being few if any well organized field experi-
ments in Lake Erie on benthic boundary layer (BBL)
physics to review, the paper summarizes theoretical
and experimental observations from the ocean, estu-
ary, and continental shelf research, contrasts the Lake
Ene setting with these results, and recommends future
considerations for Lake Erie BBL research. From
among empirical, boundary layer, and structural analy-
sis viewpoints, the boundary layer approach is empha-
sized because of its ability to yield predictive hypoth-
eses which can be experimentally tested. The initial
discussion centers on the definition of the various
classes of physical mechanisms existing in Lake Erie
and a summary of various classes of boundary layers
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
that have been hypothesized to exist. The various
boundary layers are loosely classified based on the
strength of the forcing functions and the subsequent
review of steady, wave, and wave-current induced
layers reveals that the complexity of the in-situ BBL
physics is not often included in available theory. Exper-
imental studies in support of these theories are numer-
ous but with the exception of a few cases do not con-
tain sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to verify
the theoretical formulae nor make full correlations with
the lower frequency forcing functions such as tides,
seiches, Kelvin waves, etc. Momentum boundary
layers for steady conditions have been fully validated
with high quality data. Sediment layers of all types
have yet to be fully validated. Lack of instrumentation
is seen as a major impediment to full validation.
Keywords: "Benthos, "Boundary layer flow, "Sediment
transport, Great Lakes, Lake Erie, Comparison, Experi-
mental design, Stratification, Mathematical models,
Water pollution, Ocean bottom, Spatial distribution,
Water flow, Field tests. Reprints, "Suspended sedi-
ments, Sediment distribution, Environmental transport,
Temporal distribution.
PB90-264987/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Determination of 2,3,7,8-TCDD Toxic Equivalent
Factors (TEFs): Support for the Use of the In vitro
AHH Induction Assay. Journal article.
Texas A and M Univ., College Station.
S. Safe. C1987,13p EPA/600/J-87/527
Grant EPA-810995
Pub. in Chemosphere, v16 n4 p791-802 1987. Spon-
sored by Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
The in vitro induction of the cytochrome P1-450-de-
pendent monooxygenases, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxy-
lase (AHH) or ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD)
by 2,3,7,8-TCDD and related toxic halogenated aryl hy-
drocarbons in rat hepatoma H-4-IIE cells has been de-
veloped as a short term quantitative bioassay for these
toxic chemicals. There was a linear correlation be-
tween the -log EC50 (in vitro) AHH induction vs the -log
ED50 (in vivo) for body weight loss, thymic atrophy, he-
patic AHH and EROD induction in the rat for several
polychlorinated biphenyl, dibenzo-p-dioxin and diben-
zofuran congeners and mixtures. These data clearly
support the utility of the in vitro AHH induction assay as
a short term test system for quantitating the 'toxic or
2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalent' in an extract containing toxic
halogenated aromatics. The bioassay method is rapid,
relatively accurate and much more cost effective than
conventional analytical methods such as gas chroma-
tography-mass spectrometry from which it is difficult to
determine the levels of 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents in
specific analytes.
Keywords: "Toxicity, In vitro analysis, Bioassay, Re-
prints, "Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin, "Enzyme induction,
"Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, Cultured tumor cells,
Hepatoma.
PB90-264995/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Flocculation of Flne-Grained Lake Sediments Due
to a Uniform Shear Stress. Journal article.
California Univ., Santa Barbara. Dept. of Mechanical
and Environmental Engineering.
C. H. Tsai, S. lacobellis, and W. Lick. C1987,13p EPA/
600/J-87/526
Grant EPA-R-005796
Pub. in Jnl. Great Lakes Research, v13 n2 p135-f46
1987. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-
Duluth, MN.
Experiments were performed to investigate the effects
of fluid shear on the flocculation of fine-grained lake
sediments in fresh water. In these experiments, a
Couette viscometer was used to apply a uniform shear
stress to a sediment suspension. The sediments were
from the Detroit River inlet of Lake Erie. They were
prepared such that the initial (unflocculated) size distri-
bution contained approximately 90% of its mass in
particles less than 10 micrometers in diameter with the
average diameter being about 3.5 micrometers. Ex-
periments were performed at shear stresses of 1, 2,
and 4 dynes/sq cm and sediment concentrations of
50,100,400, and 800 mg/L, values which are charac-
teristic of those found in the Great Lakes. Data in the
form of floe size distribution as a function of time were
obtained. For steady-state conditions, the median di-
ameters of the floes formed were typically 20 to 100
micrometers depending on shear stress end sediment
concentration. Quantitative results for the decrease in
the steady-state floe size with increasing shear stress
and with increasing sediment concentration were ob-
tained. The times required for flocculation to occur
under different conditions were also determined and
were typically on the order of 1 hour.
Keywords: "Agglomeration, "Sediments, "Shear
stress, Flocculating, Suspended sediments, Fines,
Particle size distribution, Concentration(Composition),
Lake Erie, Water pollution, Sediment transport, Experi-
mental design, Reprints, Environmental transport,
Sediment-water interfaces.
PB90-265000/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Adsorption and Desorption of Zn, Cu, and Cr by
Sediments from the Ralsi River (Michigan). Journal
article.
Clarkson Univ., Potsdam, NY. Dept. of Civil and Envi-
ronmental Engineering.
T. C. Young, J. V. DePinto, andT. W. Kipp. c1987,16p
EPA/600/J-87/525
Grant EPA-810776
Pub. in Jnl. Great Lakes Research, v13 n3 p353-366
1987. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-
Duluth, MN.
Metal adsorption by Raisin River sediments in vitro de-
pended linearly on soluble metal concentration to ad-
sorption densities of 6,000-9,000 microg/g with 48 hr
partition coefficients of approximately 50, 30, and 25
L/g for Cu, Cr, and Zn, respectively. Partition coeffi-
cients computed from field data spanned a compara-
tively wider range of values in a manner consistent
with the often reported adsorbent concentration effect,
but other factors likely contributed, too. Desorption of
Zn was complete and rapid (24-48 hr) in contrast to Cr,
which was incomplete and much slower; Cu desorp-
tion was intermediate to Zn and Cr. A reversible-resist-
ant equilibrium model (DiToro et al. 1986) could not de-
scribe the observations as Cu and Cr had not reached
metastable desorption equilibria after 24 days. Metal
desorption, however, could be described kinetically by
distributing sorbed cations between either of two
classes; rapidly desorbing and slowly desorbing ca-
tions. Sequential and simultaneous desorption models
gave similar predictions. Aqueous chemical consider-
ations suggested precipitated as well as adsorbed
species could give rise to the observations, but avail-
able data did not permit adequate tests of this hypoth-
esis. The extent to which kinetic constraints rather
than irreversible reactions account for the desorption-
resistant binding signifies a potentially greater metal
mobility or bioavailability than would otherwise be as-
sumed.
Keywords: "Raisin River, "Copper, "Zinc, "Chromium,
"Water pollution, "Adsorption, "Sediments, Chemical
analysis, Desorption, Lake Erie, Michigan, Reprints,
Heavy metals.
PB90-265018/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Entralnment of Sediments and Dredged Materials
In Shallow Lake Waters. Journal article.
California Univ., Santa Barbara. Dept. of Mechanical
and Environmental Engineering.
W. Lick, and S. W. Kang. c1987,11 p EPA/600/J-87/
524
Grant EPA-810274
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research, v13 n4 p619-627
1987. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-
Duluth, MN.
Results of recent laboratory experiments concerned
with the entrainment and deposition of sediments in
lakes are reported. From these experiments and other
recent work, quantitative descriptions and parameteri-
zations of entrainment and deposition processes are
made. In the interpretation of the experimental results,
the effects of particle size variation and cohesion of
particles are significant. The laboratory results are also
compared with previous observations of turbidity in the
western basin of Lake Erie and good agreement is ob-
tained.
Keywords: "Sedimentation, "Deposition, "Entrain-
ment, "Water pollution, Shallow water, Great Lakes,
Lake Erie, Particle size, Turbidity, Comparison, Sus-
pended sediments, Reprints, 'Sediment-water inter-
faces, "Dredge spoil, Environmental transport, Sedi-
ment distribution.
PB90-265026/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Modeling the Transport of Finegrained Sedi-
ments in Aquatic Systems. Journal article.
California Univ., Santa Barbara.
W. Lick. C1986, 11p EPA/600/J-86/544
Grant EPA-811578
Pub. in the Science of the Total Environment v55
p219-228 1986. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Recent work on the understanding and numerical
modeling of the transport of fine-grained sediments in
near-shore areas of lakes, estuaries, and oceans is
discussed. The presentation is concerned not only
with the transport of sediments in the overlying water
but also with the interactions between the bottom sedi-
ments and the overlying water. In particular, a quantita-
tive model of the entrainment and deposition of fine-
grained sediments is proposed. (Copyright (c) 1986 El-
sevier Science Publishers B.V.)
Keywords: "Mathematical models, "Sediment trans-
port, Fines, Entrainment, Deposition, Lakes, Oceans,
Estuaries, Water pollution, Waste disposal, Flocculat-
ing, Reprints, "Sediment-water interfaces. Coastal re-
gions.
PB90-265034/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Partitioning of Heavy Metals to Suspended Solids
of the Flint River, Michigan. Journal article.
Clarkson Univ., Potsdam, NY. Dept. of Civil and Envi-
ronmental Engineering.
L. M. Mcllroy, J. V. DePinto, T. C. Young, and S. C.
Martin. C1986,17pEPA/600/J-86/543
Grant EPA-810776
Pub. in Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v5
p609-623 1986. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab.-Duluth, MN.
The sorptive affinity of copper and zinc to suspended
river sediments was investigated as a function of pH
and adsorbent solids concentration. Water samples
from the Flint River in Michigan were centrifuged to
yield a composite sediment concentrate used as an
adsorbent in experiments determining pH adsorption
edges and conditional adsorption isotherms. Copper
and zinc exhibited sharp pH adsorption edges at pH
values of approximately 4 to 5.5 and 6 to 7, respective-
ly. Both metals exhibited fractional adsorption de-
creases as total metal in the system increased. Ad-
sorbent concentration increases were shown to cause
decreases in measured copper partition coefficients.
The indirect relationship between adsorbent concen-
tration and partition coefficient was observed whether
the adsorbent was concentrated or diluted without al-
tering bulk solution chemistry. A mathematical formu-
lation that incorporated both the adsorbent mass ef-
fects and the separation of sorbed metal into reversi-
ble and resistant components satisfactorily described
the observations. (Copyright (c) 1986 SETAC.)
Keywords: "Flint River, "Water pollution, "Copper,
"Zinc, "Suspended sediments, Chemical analysis, pH*
Separation, Adsorption, Desorption, Michigan, Re!
prints, Heavy metals.
PB90-265042/HSU	PC A02/MF AOI
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Influence of Colloids on Sediment-Water Partition
Coefficients of Polychloroblphenyl Congeners In
Natural Waters. Journal article.
Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Dept. ol Civil and Mining
Engineering.
J. E. Baker, P. D. Capel, andS. J. Eisenreich. C1986
9p EPA/600/J-86/542
Grant EPA-R-810274
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology v20
p1136-1143 1986. Prepared in cooperation with Eid-
genoessisohe Anstalt fuer Wasserversorgung, Abwas-
serreinigung und Gewaesserschultz, Duebendorf
(Switzerland). Sponsored by Environmental Research
Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Laboratory studies have shown that speciation of hy-
drophobic organic pollutants in aquatic systems is too
complex to model as a linear, two-phase sorption equi-
librium due to ill-defined phases and slow kinetics Tnta
complexity is manifested in an inverse variation in sedi-
ment-water partition coefficients with the concentre
tion of solids. Measurements of the sediment-water
partitioning of polychlorobiphenyl (PCB) congeners in
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Lake Superior provide some of the first field evidence
demonstrating the importance of colloids to the fates
of highly hydrophobic organic pollutants. (Copyright (c)
1986 American Chemical Society.)
Keywords: "Water pollution, 'Colloid chemistry, "Sedi-
ments, Lake Superior, Distribution(Property), Field
tests, Organic compounds, Sorption, Great Lakes,
Suspended sediments, Separation, Reprints, 'Sedi-
ment-water interfaces, 'Polychlorinated biphenyls.
PB90-265059/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Portable Devlcs for Measuring Sediment Raau-
spenslon. Journal article.
California Univ., Santa Barbara. Dept. of Mechanical
and Environmental Engineering.
C. H. Tsai, and W. Lick. C1986,10p EPA/600/J-86/
541
Grant EPA-811578
Pub. in Jnl. of Great Lakes Research, v12 n4 p314-321
1986. Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-
Duluth, MN.
A portable device for measuring sediment resuspen-
sion has been developed. The device consists of a cy-
lindrical chamber inside of which a horizontal grid os-
cillates vertically. The sediments whose properties are
to be determined are placed at the bottom of the
chamber with water overlying them. The grid oscillates
in the water and creates turbulence which penetrates
down to the sediment-water interlace and causes re-
suspension. The amount of material resuspended is
proportional to the frequency of the grid oscillation.
The device has been calibrated by comparing the con-
centrations of the resuspended sediment at different
grid frequencies with the concentrations in an annular
flume where the bottom shear stress is known. The
device can be used in the laboratory for rapid and rea-
sonably accurate measurements of resuspension. The
device has also been tested on board ship and can be
used in the field for rapid surveys of resuspension of
undisturbed sediments.
Keywords: 'Portable equipment, 'Sediment transport,
'Suspended sediments. Calibrating, Design criteria,
Performance evaluation, Field tests,
Concentratlon(Composition), Lake Saint Clair, Great
Lakes, Deposition, Entrainment, Reprints, 'Sediment-
water interfaces, "Water pollution sampling, Environ-
mental transport, Sediment distribution, Shakers.
PB90-265067/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
In vitro Bloaaaays for Toxic Polychlorinated Azo-
benzenes. Journal article.
National Swedish Environment Protection Board,
Solna.
G. Sundstrom, T. Sawyer, O. Hutzinger, and S. Safe.
C1986, 6p EPA/600/J-86/540
Grant EPA-810995
Pub. in Chemosphere, v15 n9-12 p2105-2107
1986.Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Prepared in cooperation with Texas A and M Univ.,
College Station, and Bayreuth Univ. (Germany, F.R.).
Chair of Ecological Chemistry and Geochemistry.
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth,
MN.
Previous studies have demonstrated that the in vitro
aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and cytosolic re-
ceptor binding bioassays can be utilized to quantita-
tively estimate the potential in vivo toxicities of poly-
chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans
(PCDFs) and their mixtures (from municipal fly ash ex-
tracts). The study reports the use of the two bioassays
in estimating the levels of 3,3',4,4'-tetrachloroazoben-
zene in several commercial products which contain or
are derived from 3,4-dichloroaniline. The AHH Induc-
tion and receptor binding EC50 values for 3,3',4,4'-te-
trachloroazobenzene were 5.60 X10 to the minus sev-
enth and 5.60 X 10 to the minus sixth M respectively.
The levels of 3,3',4,4'-tetrachloroazobenzene (TCAB)
in commercial samples of Dluron, Llnuron and 3,4-
dichloroaniline were determined by gas chromatogra-
phic (GC) analysis and the concentrations varied from
trace levels to 2200 ug/g. Preliminary bioassays of the
commercial compounds and crude extracts (BC) of
these products gave contradictory results which did
not correlate with the GC analytical data. Presumably
there are impurities or coextractlves which interfere
with the sensitivity of the bioassays. The crude ex-
tracts were purified by column chromatography and
were assayed using both bioassays.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "Chemical analysis, "Chlorinated
hydrocarbons, "Anilines, Bioassay, In vitro analysis,
Gas chromatography, Reprints, "Polychlorobiphenyl
compounds.
PB90-265075/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Identification of Critical Nutrient Levels through
Field Verification of Models for Phosphorus and
Phytoplankton Growth. Journal article.
Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton.
M. T. Auer, M. S. Kieser, and R. P. Canale. c1986,13p
EPA/600/J-86/539
Grant EPA-R-810076
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Fisheries and Aquatic Sci-
ence, v43 p379-388 1986.Portions of this document
are not fully legible. Prepared in cooperation with
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Dept. of Civil Engineering.
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth,
MN.
Two models for phosphorus and phytoplankton growth
were field verified along a marked gradient in trophic
conditions in Green Bay (Lake Michigan): one, the
Monod model, relates growth rate to external (dis-
solved) phosphorus concentration, and the other, the
Droop model, describes growth rate as a function of in-
ternal (stored) phosphorus levels. The verification pro-
vided through a satisfactory fit of model output to field
measurements of phosphorus and gross photosynthe-
sis established a conceptual foundation for empirical
models relating phosphorus and trophic state param-
eters. Phosphorus concentrations corresponding to
boundary conditions for trophic state categories were
developed based on the verified models by defining
oligotrophy as the region of linear response by growth
rate to increases in phosphorus mesotrophy as the
transitional state, and eutrophy as the region where
growth rate is saturated, i.e. insensitive to changes in
phosphorus concentration. The trophic state classifi-
cation scheme was applied to several Great Lakes
basins to examine their sensitivity to changes in phos-
phorus levels. The oligotrophic waters of Lake Superi-
or, Huran, and Michigan and northern Green Bay and
Georgian Bay have the greatest sensitivity to in-
creases in total phosphorus concentration.
Keywords: "Phosphorus, "Phytoplankton, "Nutrients,
Water quality, Growth, Field tests, Lake Michigan,
Chemical analysis, Reprints.
PB90-265083/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab., Duluth, MN.
Pentachlorodlbenzofurans: Synthesis, Capillary
Gas Chromatography and Qas Chromatographic/
Mass Spectrometry Characteristic*. Journal arti-
cle.
Wellington Labs., Guelph (Ontario).
B. G. Chittim, J. A. Madge, and S. H. Safe. c1986,5p
EPA/600/J-86/538
Grant EPA-810995
Pub. in Chemosphere, v15 n9-12 p1931, 1934; 1986.
Prepared in cooperation with Texas A and M Univ.,
College Station. Dept. of Veterinary Physiology and
Pharmacology. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab., Duluth, MN.
Twenty one (21) of the twenty eight (28) theoretically
possible pentachlorodibenzofurans were synthesized
and purified. Their retention indices were determined
and were found to correlate well to those predicted
using a previously developed mathematical model.
Gas chromatographic/mass spectrometry (GC/MS)
analysis of these compounds revealed that their elec-
tron-impact (El) mass spectra were essentially identi-
cal with no significant variations due to positioning of
the chlorines. Additional GC/MS experiments indicat-
ed that higher electron energies (70 eV as opposed to
lower energies) were more suitable for analysis of
these compounds due to higher molecular and frag-
ment ion intensities.
Keywords: "Chlorine aromatic compounds, "Gas chro-
matography, "Mass spectroscopy, Electron energy,
Furans, Organic ions, Molecular structure. Reprints,
Chemical preparation.
PBS0-265091/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Great Lakes Water Quality Improvement: The
Strategy of Phosphorus Discharge Control Is
Evaluated. Journal article.
Clarkson Univ., Potsdam, NY.
J. V. De Pinto, T. C. Young, and L. M. Mcllroy. C1986,
9p EPA/600/J-86/537
Grant EPA-807155
Pub. in Environmental Science and Technology, v20
n8 p752-759 1986. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab.-Duluth, MN.
The paper outlines and evaluates phosphorus load-
ings in the Great Lakes, and suggests a strategy for its
control. The municipal, industrial, commercial, and ag-
ricultural contribution use to the Great Lakes waters
has led to a concomitant deterioration of the water
quality. We must work towards restoring the water
quality in all the Great Lakes.
Keywords: "Great Lakes, "Water quality management,
'Water pollution control, "Phosphorus, Management
planning, Deterioration, Industrial wastes, Agricultural
wastes, Waste disposal, Biodeterioration,
Concentration(Composition), Reprints, Standards
compliance, Water pollution standards, Pesticide resi-
dues, Municipal wastes, Eutrophication, Biological ef-
fects, Aquatic ecosystems, Commercial sector, Point
sources.
PB90-265109/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Monoclonal Antibodies to Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-
Dloxins. Journal article.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN. Biology Div.
S. J. Kennel, G. Mason, and S. Safe. C1986, 5p EPA/
600/J-86/536
Grant EPA-810995
Pub. in Chemosphere, v15 n9-12 p2007-2010 1986.
Prepared in cooperation with Texas A and M Univ.,
College Station. Sponsored by Environmental Re-
search Lab.-Duluth, MN.
A thyroglobulin conjugate of dioxin (thyroglobulin-2
adipamide, 3,7,8-trichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) (TG-
TCDD) was used to immunize BALB/c mice. Hybrido-
mas were produced by cell fusion between immune
spleen cells and mouse myelomas SP2/0, P3, or NS1.
In order to screen the thousands of resultant cultures
for production of MoAb, a rapid, solid phase radioim-
munoassay for antibody to dioxins was developed.
This involved attaching bovine serum albumin coupled
with trichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (BSA-TCDD) to polysty-
rene plates to be used as a solid phase target antigen
for reaction with MoAb. Fourteen hybridomas were
identified that produced MoAb reacting with BSA-
TCDD but not with BSA alone. Antibodies were tested
for binding to BSA-aniline to eliminate those with limit-
ed binding specificity. Initial studies indicated that most
MoAbs bound BSA-aniline as well as BSA-TCDD.
More detailed analyses indicated that while most
MoAbs showed some reaction with BSA-aniline, two
showed preferential binding to BSA-TCDD of more
than 200 fold whereas rabbit antisera demonstrated
only a 5-fold discrimination. MoAb 391 -1B was purified
from mouse ascites fluid and after radioiodination, was
tested for direct binding to BSA-TCDD or BSA-aniline.
(125)1 MoAb showed no significant binding to BSA-ani-
line while demonstrating nigh binding to BSA-TCDD
(Ka = 4.5 x 10 to the eignth/mole).
Keywords: Antigons, Mice, Reprints, "Monoclonal anti-
bodies, "Trichlorodibenzodioxin, Substrate specificity,
Hybridomas, Radioimmunoassay, Bovine serum albu-
min, Binding sites.
PB90-265117/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth, MN.
Polychlorinated DU>enzo-p-Dloxlns and Dibenzo-
furans: Correlation between In vivo Structure-Ac-
tivity Relatlonshlpa (SARs). Journal article.
Texas A and M Univ., College Station.
S. Safe, G. Mason, B. Keys, K. Farrell, and B.
Zmudzka. C1986,8p EPA/600/J-86/535
Grant EPA-810995
Pub. in Chemosphere, v15 n9-12 p1725-1731 1986.
Sponsored by Environmental Research Lab.-Duluth,
Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dibenzo-
p-dioxins (PCDDs) elicit a number of common biologic
and toxic responses which are triggered by their initial
binding to a cytosolic receptor protein. These effects
include the induction of several cytochrome P-448 de-
pendent monoxygenases (eg, aryl hydrocarbon hy-
droxylase, AHH). Body weight loss and thymic atrophy.
The dose-response effects of selected PCDFs on AHH
induction in rat hepatoma H-4-II E cells and cytosolic
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
receptor binding affinities have been determined. The
results of these in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrate
the remarkable effects of structure on the activity of
PCDFs. A systematic study of each of the four different
position for chlorine substitution in the dibenzofuran
ring system showed that the toxic and biologic poten-
cies of these compounds varied with respect to differ-
ential chlorine substitution at all four position, i.e. C-
3(7) > C-2(8) >C-4(6) > C-1(9). In vitro SARs for
PCDDs confirmed the importance of the lateral CI sub-
stituents and also showed that 1,2(or 6,7-) substituted
PCDDs were more active than the corresponding 1,3-
dichloro analogs. In addition, there were significant de-
creases in activity with increasing non-lateral CI substi-
tution. The SARs for PCDFs were different from the
PCDDs and this was directly related to the asymmetric
structure of the former group of compounds.
Keywords: "In vitro analysis, *ln vivo analysis, 'Bio-
chemistry, "Public health, Laboratory animals, Toxicity,
Enzymes, Pesticides, Bioassay, Proteins, Molecular
structure, Reprints, 'Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins,
'Polychlorinated dibenzofurans, Risk assessment, Bi-
ological effects, Dose-response relationships, Toxic
substances.
PB90-265208/HSU	PC A99/MF E14
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Acidic Deposition and Aquatic Ecosystems: Re-
gional Case Studies. Final draft rept.
Indiana Univ. at Bloomington.
D. F. Charles, and S. Christie. Aug 90,1413p EPA/
600/3-90/067
Prepared in cooperation with NSITechnology Services
Corp., Corvallis, OR. Sponsored by Corvallis Environ-
mental Research Lab., OR.
The book is the first comprehensive, integrated syn-
thesis of available information on the current and po-
tential effects of acidic deposition on lakes and
streams in geographic regions of the United States
having significant numbers of low-alkalinity surface
waters. It presents and evaluates data for entire re-
gions and is national in scope. The authors have col-
lected the results of diverse studies of aquatic ecosys-
tems. The authors stress the current status of water
chemistry and the processes important in controlling
water chemistry. Authors of case study chapters have
characterized these processes on a regional basis by
using, assessing, and comparing high-quality data
sets. A major conclusion demonstrated by these re-
gional comparisons is that there is substantial diversity
among regions with respect to the nature of surface
waters and the processes affecting them. The most
important contributions of the book are the descrip-
tions of intra- and inter-regional variations in surface
water chemistry and its controlling factors, and the as-
sessment of the significance of these variations to our
understanding of the acidic deposition phenomenon
and its implications for public policy decisions.
Keywords: 'Acidification, *Precipitation(Meteorology),
'Lakes, 'Streams, States(United States), Water chem-
istry, Surface waters, Alkalinity,
Concentration(Composition), Sulfates, Anions, Water-
sheds, Inorganic nitrates, Limnology, Neutralizing,
Cation exchanging, pH, Invertebrates, Fishes, Plank-
ton, Tables(Data), 'Aquatic ecosystems, Regional
analysis, Case studies, Wet deposition, 'Acid rain.
PB90-265299/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Underground Storage Tanks.
Standard Test Procedures for Evaluating Leak
Detection Methods: Nonvolumetrlc Tank Tight-
ness Testing Methods. Final rept.
Midwest Research Inst., Falls Church, VA.
J. D. Flora, and K. M. Bauer. Mar 90,110p EPA/530/
UST-90/005
Contract EPA-68-01 -7383
See also PB90-221623. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Under-
ground Storage Tanks.
The handbook is one in a series of seven that de-
scribes EPA's standard test procedures for evaluating
the performance of leak detection equipment for un-
derground storage tanks. For each of the seven leak
detection methods discussed in the series a procedure
to test equipment in a consistent manner is provided.
This edition provides an explanation of how to conduct
the standardized test procedure, how to perform re-
quired calculations, and how to report the results of the
test for Nonvolumetric Tank Tightness.
Keywords: 'Underground storage, 'Storage tanks,
'Leak detectors, Standards, Performance evaluation,
Leakage, Measuring instruments, Water pollution, 'US
EPA, 'Test methods, Tightness.
PB90-265331/HSU	PC A19/MF AOS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Nonmethane Organic Compound Monitoring Pro-
gram and Three-Hour Air Toxics Monitoring Pro-
gram, 1989.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. A. McAllister, B. W. Nelson, W. H. Moore, D. P.
Dayton, and J. Rice. May 90,433p EPA/450/4-90/011
Contract EPA-68D80014
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Plan-
ning and Standards.
In certain areas of the country where the National Am-
bient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for ozone is being
exceeded, additional measurements of ambient non-
methane organic compounds (NMOC) are needed to
assist the affected States in developing revised ozone
control strategies. Because of previous difficulty in ob-
taining accurate NMOC measurements, the U.S. Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency (EPA) has provided
monitoring and analytical assistance to these States,
beginning in 1984 and continuing through the 1989
NMOC Monitoring Program.
Keywords: Air pollution control, Ozone,
Concentration(Composition), Quality assurance, Qual-
ity control, Site surveys, Urban areas, 'Air pollution
monitoring, 'Toxic substances, 'Non-methane hydro-
carbons, Regional analysis, Air pollution standards,
Standards compliance, Air quality, Air pollution detec-
tion.
PB90-265349/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Interim Radon-Resistant Construction Guidelines
for Use In Florlda-1989. Final rept. Aug 87-Jun 88.
Florida Agricultural and Mechanical Univ., Tallahas-
see. School of Architecture.
T. D. Pugh. Aug 90,29p EPA/600/8-90/062
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of a project to investigate,
analyze, and develop radon-resistant construction
guidelines that are consistent with other building codes
and that could be applied to Florida. A literature search
resulted in information on radon remediation tech-
niques, new construction methods, and existing radon-
resistant building codes such as those in Sweden and
Canada. The identified techniques were amended,
modified, or supplemented for incorporation into draft
model guidelines for new construction in format con-
sistent with the Southern Building Code Congress
International, Inc.'s Standard Building Code. A techni-
cal review advisory committee formed during develop-
ment of the guidelines, provided Input and recom-
mended changes to the draft guidelines. Although the
project has resulted in guidelines for recommended
construction practices, they should be coupled with a
carefully planned and implemented program of experi-
mentation. Eventually, this approach will lead to build-
ing code provisions that are scientifically defensible,
cost effective, reliable, and easily incorporated into
standard construction practice.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Building codes, 'Florida, Design
criteria, Residential buildings, Pollution, Specifications,
Construction, Slab on ground construction, Guidelines,
'Indoor air pollution, Stationary pollutant sources.
PB90-265356/HSU	PC A10/MF A02
Review of Progress In the Biotechnology-Mlcrobl-
al Pest Controf Agent Risk Assessment Program.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Jul 90,213p EPA/600/9-90/029
In November 14-16,1989, all investigators of research
projects funded under the EPA Office of Research and
Development (ORD) Biotechnology Risk Assessment
Program assembled at the U.S. EPA Corvallis Environ-
mental Research Laboratory for their third review of
the research projects. Expanded abstracts presented
at the meeting by EPA scientists and extramural coop-
erators supported by the Program. Fifty-three ab-
stracts were presented during nine sessions that cov-
ered: development of recombinant microorganisms,
detection and enumeration, dispersal and transport,
gene exchange, effects of higher organisms, survival
and colonization, molecular, physiological, and ecolog-
ical approaches to the determination of environmental
effects of GEMS, and risk control. A panel of scientific
peers reviewed and offered analysis of the EPA-
funded research, relevancy of research emphasis, and
adequacy of research facilities. Their summary com-
ments are included in the document.
Keywords: "Microorganisms, 'Abstracts, Ecology,
Pesticides, "Biotechnology, "Biological pest control]
•Risk assessment, 'Genetics, Genetic engineering,'
Transfection, Health hazards.
PB90-266727/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Assessing UST Corrective Action Technologies:
Early Screening of Clean-up Technologies for the
Saturated Zone. Rept. for Jun 88-Feb 90.
Camp, Dresser and McKee, Inc., Boston, MA.
P. J. Reidy, W. J. Lyman, and D. C. Noonan. Jun 90,
135p" EPA/600/2-90/027
Contract EPA-68-03-3409
See also PB90-187220. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction En-
gineering Lab.
The manual assists the user in making a preliminary
evaluation of the likely effectiveness of various remedi-
ation technologies in the event of a release of petrole-
um products into the saturated zone. The manual
helps the user develop a conceptual understanding of
site conditions before extensive field studies are com-
pleted; discusses remediation goals; identifies and
helps the user evaluate technologies capable of meet-
ing remediation goals; and discusses follow-up meas-
ures. To help the user develop a conceptual under-
standing of the site (i.e., conduct a preliminary site as-
sessment) the manual shows how to collect basic in-
formation about the subsurface environment and the
released product. The manual also provides default
values for some parameters if field data are not avail-
able or have not yet been collected. The user is then
assisted in making a preliminary determination of the
likely phase partitioning and mobility of petroleum
products in the saturated zone. The three 'phases'
considered in the manual are: non-aqueous phase
liquid (NAPL); dissolved in groundwater; and sorted to
soil particles. Worksheets are provided to aid in eval-
uation of the alternative technologies. For each work-
sheet, factors critical to the successful implementation
of a given technology are presented.
Keywords: 'Manuals, 'Site surveys, 'Petroleum prod-
ucts, Subsurface investigations, Water pollution, State
government, Local government, Underground storage
Storage tanks, Biodeterioration, Adsorption, Flushing'
fuel storage. Ground water, Soil properties, Excava-
tion, Evacuating(Vacuum), 'Cleanup operations, 'Re-
medial action, 'Saturated zone, Environmental effects
Technology utilization, Water table, Land pollution, En-
vironmental transport.
PB90-266735/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Corps of Engineers, New York. New York District
2,3,7,8-TCDD, 2,3,7,8-TCDF and PCBs In Marine
Sediments and Biota: Laboratory and Field Stud-
ies. Final rept.
Environmental Research Lab., Narragansett, Rl.
R. J. Pruell, N. I. Rubinstein, B. K. Taplin, J. A. LiVoIsi
and C. B. Norwood. Sep 90, 75p EPA/600/8-90/068
ERLN-1134
Sponsored by Corps of Engineers, New York. New
York District.
The report describes the bioaccumulation and depura-
tion of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7 8-
TCDD), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (2t3V'8-
TCDF) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by three
species of marine benthos exposed to contaminated
sediment collected from the Passaic River (PR), New
Jersey. Organisms were exposed to PR sediments for
up to 180 days in the laboratory. In addition, sediments
and associated infauna from the New York Bight were
collected and analyzed for the same suite of chemical
compounds.
Keywords: 'Sediments, 'Marine biology, Shrimp Field
tests, Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data), Moilusca,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Worms, 'Water pollution eflects(Animals), "Tetrach-
lorodibenzodioxin, "Polychlorobiphenyl compounds,
Environmental monitoring, Tissue distribution. Biologi-
cal availability.
PB90-266743/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Emission Factors for Iron Foundries: Criteria and
Toxic Pollutants. Final rept. Nov 89-May 90.
Pechan (E.H.) and Associates, inc., Durham, NC.
G. Gschwandtner, and S. Fairchild. Aug 90,65p EPA/
600/2-90/044
Contract EPA-68-D9-0168
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report lists criteria and toxic pollutant emission
factors for sources commonly found in gray and ductile
iron foundries. Emission factors are identified for proc-
ess source and process fugitive emissions. The emis-
sion factors, representing uncontrolled emissions, may
be used to estimate emissions when site-specific infor-
mation and data are not available.
Keywords: "Foundries, * Air pollution, Performance
evaluation, Process charting, Study estimates, Parti-
cles, Sulfur dioxide, Shaking, Pouring, Inoculation,
Casting, Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen oxides, Lead(Metal),
Ratings, Melting furnaces, 'Emission factors, "Toxic
substances, Volatile organic compounds, Fugitive
emissions. Pollution sources.
PB90-267402/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Enforcement: A Citizen's Guide.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Enforcement.
Mar 90, 38p EPA/OE/LE-133
The booklet explains the complex functions of the En-
vironmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) environmen-
tal law enforcement mechanism. The structure of the
Agency's enforcement apparatus, the methods and
the enforcement officials who use them are identified
and described. The booklet is designed as a guide for
all citizens and can be used as an overview for anyone
interested in the environmental enforcement system. It
summarizes the government process that enforce-
ment officials use when taking action against someone
for not complying with environmental laws and in-
cludes discussion about: inspections, criminal investi-
gations, litigation, deterrence and how the individuals
of the public can help.
Keywords: "Law enforcement, "Natural resources,
Criminal investigations, Guidelines, Government poli-
cies, Litigation, National government, Pollution, Penal-
ties, "US EPA, 'Environmental protection.
PB90-268509/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Forum on Innovative Hazardous Waste Treatment
Technologies: Domestic and International. Held In
Atlanta, Georgia on June 19-21, 1989. Abstract
Proceedings.
JACA Corp., Fort Washington, PA.
Sep 89,56p" EPA/540/2-89/055
Contract EPA-68-01-7481
See also PB90-183799. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Emer-
gency and Remedial Response.
On June 19-21,1989, the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency's Office of Program Management and
Technology hosted an international conference in At-
lanta, GA, to exchange solutions to hazardous waste
treatment problems. During the conference, scientists
and engineers representing government agencies, in-
dustry, and academia attended 30 presentations de-
scribing successful case studies of physical/chemical,
biological, thermal, and stabilization treatment meth-
ods. In addition, domestic and international scientists
and vendors presented o>ver 40 posters explaining
their treatment methods and results.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Hazardous wastes,
"Waste treatment, "Meetings, Freezing, Crystalliza-
tion, Extraction, Organic materials, Sludge disposal,
Soils, Liquids, Flotation, Purification, Vacuum appara-
tus, Netherlands, Ultraviolet radiation, Oxidation, Aer-
ation, Stabilization, Thermochemistry, Incinerators,
"Superfund, Remedial action, Biological waste treat-
ment, Soil washing.
PB90-268517/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Ground Water Issue. Contaminant
Transport In Fractured Media: Models for Deci-
sion Makers.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
S. G. Schmelling, and R. R. Ross. Aug 89,10p EPA/
540/4-89/004
The Regional Superfund Ground Water Forum is a
group of ground-water technical specialists, represent-
ing EPA's Regional Superfund Offices, organized to
exchange up-to-date information related to ground-
water remediation at Superfund sites. Mathematical
models have a potentially useful role to play in arriving
at a decision on the remedial action to be taken at a
contaminated site. Where there is a need for a quanti-
tative estimate of the threat to public health resulting
from a particular course of action, of the estimated
cost and time of clean-up for a particular remediation
strategy, or of the results of other actions to be taken
at a contaminated site, mathematical models have a
greater potential to provide the needed information
than any other approach to the problem. For contami-
nated sites in fractured rock, however, this potential
has yet to be realized.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Hazardous materials,
Public health, Sites, Mathematical models, Rock, Frac-
ture zones, Water flow, Decision making, Aquifers,
Cost analysis, Hydrogeology, "Superfund, Remedial
action, Clean up.
PB90-269069/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Technology Evaluation Report: International
Waste Technologles/Geo-Con In situ Stabiliza-
tion/Solidification. Volume 3. Update Report. Final
rept. Apr 88-Jan 90.
Foster Wheeler Enviresponse, Inc., Edison, NJ.
S. Sawyer. Sep 90,54p EPA/540/5-89/004C
Contract EPA-68-03-3255
See also PB90-269085 and Volume 2, PB89-194179
and Volume 4, PB9O-269077. Sponsored by Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Re-
duction Engineering Lab.
The long-term performance tests provide information
on the first follow-up sampling and analysis on the
SITE program demonstration of the International
Waste Technologies additive, and the Geo-Con deep
soil mixing equipment. The samples containing PCBs,
were collected one year after the demonstration, and
the chemical and physical test results were compared
to those obtained during the demonstration. This was
the first part of a 5-year monitoring program on this in-
situ stabilization/solidification process. The demon-
stration was performed in April 1988 at an electric
sen/ice shop in Hialeah, FL. Volume 3 discusses the
results of the long-term monitoring tests and how they
compare to the results of the demonstration.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Waste disposal,
"Earth fills, "Waste treatment, Stabilization, Solidifica-
tion, Monitoring, Soil tests, Comparison, Performance
evaluation, Compressive strength, Sampling, Chemical
analysis, Physical properties, Operations, weathering,
Tables(Data), "Superfund, SITE program, Cleanup,
Land pollution, Hialeah(Florida).
PB90-269077/HSU	PC A16/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
Technology Evaluation Report: International
Waste Technologles/Geo-Con In situ Stabiliza-
tion/Solidification. Volume 4. Update Report. Final
rept. Apr 88-Jan 90.
Foster Wheeler Enviresponse, Inc., Edison, NJ.
S. Sawyer. Sep 90,352p EPA/540/5-89/004D
Contract EPA-68-03-3255
See also PB90-269085 and Volume 3, PB90-269069.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Risk Reduction Engineering Lab.
The long-term performance tests provide information
on the first follow-up sampling and analysis on the
SITE program demonstration of the International
Waste Technologies additive, and the Geo-Con deep
soil mixing equipment. The samples containing PCBs,
were collected one year after the demonstration, and
the chemical and physical test results were compared
to those obtained during the demonstration. This was
the first part of a 5-year monitoring program on this in-
situ stabilization/solidification process. The demon-
stration was performed in April 1988 at an electric
service shop in Hialeah, FL. Volume 4 contains the
technical operating data-logs, laboratory analyses,
and microstructuralanalyses.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Solid waste dispos-
al, "Earth fills, "Waste treatment, Stabilization, Solidifi-
cation, Leaching, Permeability, Test methods. Per-
formance evaluation, Moisture content, Laboratories,
Chemical analysis, Operations, Recording, Weather-
ing, Durability, Tables(Data), Superfund, SITE pro-
gram, Land pollution. Hialeah(Florida), Cleanup.
PB90-269085/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
International Waste Technologles/Geo-Con In
situ Stabilization/Solidification: Applications Anal-
ysis Report.
Foster Wheeler Enviresponse, Inc., Edison, NJ.
S. Sawyer. Aug 90,92p EPA/540/A5-89/004
Contract EPA-68-03-3255
See also PB90-269077. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk Reduction En-
gineering Lab.
An evaluation was performed of the International
Waste Technologies (IWH HWT-20 additive and the
Geo-Con, Inc. deep-soil-mixing equipment for an in situ
stabilization/solidification process and its applicability
as an on-site treatment method for waste site cleanup.
A demonstration was held at a General Electric Co.
electric service shop in Hialeah, Florida. Conclusions
were reached concerning the technology's suitability
for use in cleanups of vanous contaminants and at dif-
ferent locations. The conclusions drawn from the avail-
able data are that: (1) immobilization of polychlorinated
biphenyls (PCBs) appears likely, although due to low
leachate concentrations for both the treated and un-
treated soils as a result of the low PCB concentrations
in soil encountered in most of the tests, it cannot be
confirmed; (2) heavy metals can probably be immobi-
lized; (3) volatile organics can be reduced to low con-
centrations in treated soil leachates, but the ability to
Immobilize is not clean and (4) a small volume in-
crease on the order of magnitude of 5%-10% can be
expected.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
"Earth fills, "Waste treatment, Stabilization, Solidifica-
tion, Equipment, Soils, Mixing, Performance evalua-
tion, Additives, Acceptability, "Superfund, Cleanup,
Land pollution, Hialeah(Florida), "Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls, Volatile organic compounds, Heavy metals,
SITE program.
PB90-269093/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Application of the Synoptic Approach to Wetland
Designation: A Case Study In Louisiana. Final rept.
NSI Technology Services Corp., Corvallis, OR.
B. Abbruzzese, S. G. Leibowitz, and R. Sumner. Sep
90, 85p EPA/600/3-90/066
Contract EPA-68-C8-0006
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
The synoptic approach is a rapid assessment method
designed to provide a context for evaluating landscape
sensitivity to cumulative wetland loss and to comple-
ment the site specific information used in reviewing
permit applications to alter wetlands. The objectives of
the study were to: (1) test the utility of the synoptic ap-
proach in prioritizing wetland 'functional uses' for the
development of wetland water quality standards; (2)
comparatively rank watersheds based on their wetland
functional attributes and sensitivity to change; and (3)
implement the transfer of the research products to
state wetland managers. Readily available data were
compiled for the State of Louisiana into a set of map
overlays. The overlays were synthesized to produce
indices of landscape input and wetland capacity for hy-
drologic, water quality and life support functions, cu-
mulative impacts and future wetland losses for water-
sheds within the State.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: "Alteration, "Sensitivity, "Water pollution,
"Swamps, Losses, Water pollution standards. Hydrol-
ogy, Licenses, Sites, Land use, Maps, Watersheds,
Conservation, Louisiana, "Wetlands, "Landscape.
PB90-27053S/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Response of Forest Trees to Sultur, Nitrogen, and
Associated Pollutants.
Idaho Univ., Moscow.
K. G. Mattson, L. Y. Arnaut, G. A. Reams, S. P. Cline,
and C. E. Peterson. Sep 90,142p EPA/600/3-90/074
Prepared in cooperation with NSI Technology Services
Corp.. Corvallis, OR., and Oregon State Univ., Corval-
lis. Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research
Lab., OR., and National Council of the Paper Industry
for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc., Corvallis, OR.
The National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
created the Forest Response Program (FRP) to
assess the effects of acidic deposition on trees and
forests in regions of the United States. Research from
the FRP and other programs is summarized in four
Major Program Output documents that address policy
questions regarding forest condition, mechanisms of
effects of air pollutants, and projected responses of
pollutants on forests. The document summarizes infor-
mation available up to February, 1990. The major find-
ings include several observations on mechanisms of
effect. There is evidence that supports the hypothesis
that acidic deposition alters soil chemical properties.
Keywords: "Sulfur dioxide, "Acidification, "Forest
trees, Deposition, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Growth, Soil chem-
istry, Soil properties, Tolerances(Physiology), Cold
stress, Exposure, Concentration(Composition), Sensi-
tivity, United States, Spruce trees.
PB90-270547/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Performance Evaluation of Particle Beam Liquid
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for the
Measurement of Acid Herbicides. Rept. for 1 May
89-30 Mar 90.
Lockheed Engineering and Sciences Co., Inc., Las
Vegas, NV.
C. M. Pace, D. A. Miller, and M. R. Roby. Sep 90, 65p
EPA/600/4-90/022
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Particle beam liquid chromatography/mass spectrom-
etry (LC/MS) was evaluated for the measurement of
acid herbicides. An acetic acid/ammonium acetate/
methanol solvent system with a C-8 reversed phase
column gave baseline resolution of all target analytes.
Detection limits in the full scan mode were 100 ng to
500 ng for most of the target analytes. Dalapon and
dinoseb were not detected. Response curves over the
range 200 microg to 2000 microg were non-linear for
most of the analytes. Response factors tended to in-
crease with increasing analyte concentration. Mass
spectra were variable and exhibited abundant ions cor-
responding to 'thermal' decomposition mechanisms.
Spectral appearance was dependent on analyte con-
centration, source conditions, and source tempera-
ture. Only spectra acquired at high concentration were
library matchable. Therefore, a rugged and reliable
method to identify and quantify acid herbicides in envi-
ronmental samples based on particle beam LC/MS
technology does not appear feasible at this time.
Keywords: "Herbicides, "Mass spectroscopy, Quanti-
tative analysis, Graphs(Charts), Tables(Data), Per-
formance evaluation, Spectrum analysis, "Liquid chro-
matography, Phenoxyacetic acids, Feasibility studies.
PB90-270554/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Symposium on Regulatory Approaches for Re-
ducing VOC Emissions from the Use of Consumer
Products, November 14-15, 1989. Proceedings.
Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Tnangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Jan 90,128p EPA/450/3-90/008
The report documents the proceedings of an EPA-
sponsored industry-government symposium held in
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, on November
14-15 1989. The document presents an overview of
Volatile Organic Carbons (VOC) regulatory programs,
a status report on the Clean Air Act amendments, and
discussions of possible EPA control strategies tor con-
sumer products, the use of market-based approaches
to the reduction of VOC emissions from the use of con-
sumer products, and EPA research in the area of con-
sumer products. Presented are discussions of indus-
try's view of regulating consumer products and de-
scriptions of consumer product regulatory activities in
New York, New Jersey, and California. Presentations
dealing with product testing and the economic impacts
associated with product reformulation are also includ-
ed.
Keywords: "Organic compounds, "Hazardous materi-
als, "Air pollution control, "Meetings, Solvents, Ozone,
Consumer products, Regulations, Project planning,
Market research, Industries, Tests, Economic impact,
"Volatile organic compounds, Clean Air Act and
Amendments, Reformulation.
PB90-270562/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Small Industrial-Commercial-lnstitutional Steam
Generating Units: Background Information for
Promulgated Standards.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Aug 90,147p EPA/450/3-90/016
The document summarizes EPA's response to public
comments received on proposed new source perform-
ance standards for sulfur dioxide and particulate
matter emissions from new small industrial-commer-
cial-institutional steam generating units (54 FR 24792,
June 9,1989).
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Boilers, Perform-
ance standards, Sulfur dioxide, Particles, Economic
analysis, Nitrogen oxides, Public opinion, "New source
performance standards, "Air pollution standards,
Clean Air Act, Standards compliance, Small systems,
Public information, Pollution regulations.
PB90-270570/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse:
Bibliography of Selected Reports and Federal
Register Notices Related to Air Toxics. Volume 3.
Citations, 1989.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC. Progress
Center.
D. F. Pickett, C. A. Owen, and C. E. Norris. Jul 89,147p
DCN-89-203-099-07-07, EPA/450/3-89/025
Contract EPA-68-D8-0065
See also PB89-103436.
The purpose of the bibliography is to provide State and
local agencies with citations to reports and Federal
Register notices useful to them in developing and op-
erating air toxics control programs. The reports select-
ed for the bibliography were published by the following
agencies: U.S. EPA, NAS, NCI, NIEHS, NTP, NIOSH,
ATSDR, CPSC, and WHO, including the International
Agency for Research on Cancer. Relevant reports
published by various State and local agencies are also
included in the edition. The edition of the bibliography
updates the cumulative bibliography previously pub-
lished by the National Air Toxics Information Clearing-
house, Bibliography of Selected Reports and Federal
Register Notices Related to Air Toxics, July 1988.
Keywords: "Toxicity, "State government, "Air pollution
control, "Bibliographies, Public health, Risk, Project
planning, Carcinogens, Local government, Technical
reports, Government agencies.
PB90-270588/HSU	PC A17/MF AOS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Alr/Superlund National Technical Guidance Study
Series. Volume 2. Estimation of Baseline Air Emis-
sions at Superfund Sites (Revised). Interim rept.
(Final).
Radian Corp., Austin, TX.
B. Eklund, andC. Schmidt. Aug 90,390p EPA/450/1-
89-002A
Contract EPA-66-02-4392
See also PB89-180053. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC. Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
The report presents available methods for estimating
air emissions at Superfund hazardous waste sites prior
to any remedial action. The report revises and ex-
pands an earlier report, Procedures For Conducting Air
Pathway Analyses For Superfund Activities, Volume II,
Estimation Of Baseline Air Emissions At Superfund
Sites, EPA-450/1 -09-002. The purpose of the report is
to assist EPA Air and Superfund staff, State Air Super-
fund program staff, Federal and State remedial and re-
moval contractors, potentially responsible parties and
others in designing, conducting, and reviewing air
pathway analyses at undisturbed hazardous waste
sites.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Air pollution, Meas-
urement, Sites, Estimates, Predictions, Mathematical
models, Cost analysis, Superfund, Air pathway analy-
sis, Baseline studies.
PB90-270596/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Laboratory Test Methods ol Exposure of Microbi-
al Pest Control Agents by the Respiratory Route
to Nontarget Avian Species.
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
C. Driver, L. Smith, J. Briant, P. V. Voris, and P.
Buchholz. Sep 90, 59p EPA/600/3-90/070
See also PB90-187071. Prepared in cooperation with
Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA., and
Northrop Services, Inc./Environmental Sciences, Cor-
vallis, OR.
Microbial pest control agents (MPCAs) are microorga-
nisms applied to agricultural and silvicultural environ-
ments to control proliferation and spread of insect or
plant pests. During application, it is likely that nontar-
get plants and animals are exposed to MPCAs. Follow-
ing extensive experimentation, interim protocols were
developed using oral and intravenous administration of
the agent to the two test species (mallard and bob-
white). These protocols are suitably designed to dem-
onstrate pathogenicity of a microorganism in the test
bird species and illustrate the potential for differences
in species susceptibility. The report deals with proto-
cols developed to evaluate the respiratory route of ex-
posure. Respiratory exposure can be simulated by in-
tratracheal (IT) instillation or aerosol inhalation. The
pattern of deposition of microorganisms within the res-
piratory tract of a bird by IT instillation is quite different
from inhalation of an aerosol. Therefore, both expo-
sure methods were evaluated. A cost- effective, head-
only aerosol chamber was designed and constructed.
These experiments showed that more sensitive and
realistic assessments can be economically and safely
obtained using an aerosol exposure chamber, and it is
recommended that this method be substituted for the
intratracheal instillation method in the interim proto-
cols.
Keywords: "Birds, "Toxicity, "Wildlife, "Respiratory
system, "Microorganisms, "Pesticides, "Biological
pest control, Test methods, Environmental exposure
pathways.
PB90-270604/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Corvallis Environmental Research Lab., OR.
Application of the Synoptic Approach to Wetland
Designation: A Case Study in Washington.
NSI Technology Services Corp., Corvallis, OR.
B. Abbruzzese, S. G. Leibowitz, and R. Sumner. Sep
90, 90p EPA/600/3-90/072
Contract EPA-68-C8-0006
Sponsored by Corvallis Environmental Research Lab.,
OR.
The synoptic approach is a rapid assessment method
designed to provide a context tor evaluating landscape
sensitivity to cumulative wetland loss and to comple-
ment site specific information used in reviewing permit
applications to alter wetlands. The objectives of the
study were to: (1) test the utility ol the synoptic ap-
proach in prioritizing wetland 'functional uses' (includ-
ing State sutlace water designated uses) within the
State of Washington; (2) demonstrate and improve this
method's ability to identify wetland resources that are
ecologically important or sensitive to change; (3) in-
vestigate the applicability of the synoptic approach in
the landscape assessment of a relatively small water-
shed; and (4) implement the transfer of the research
products to State wetland managers. Readily available
data were compiled for Washington into a set of map
overlays. The overlays were synthesized to produce
indices of landscape input and wetland capacity for hy-
drologlc, water quality, and life support functions, cu-
mulative Impacts and future wetland losses for water-
sheds within the State. The synoptic approach Identi-
fies wetland functions not included in Washington's
designated uses of surface waters. The approach la
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
appropriate for a state with a generalized set of water
quality standards such as Washington's, i.e., one that
has no specific designated uses relative to wetland hy-
drologic and water quality improvement functions. The
products of this assessment will be useful in regional
planning and in the development of State wetland con-
servation plans.
Keywords: 'Water quality management, Water pollu-
tion, Data processing, Washington(State), Ecology,
Watersheds, Landscaping, Reviews, Surface waters,
Management planning, Forecasting, Hydrology, Maps,
"Permit applications, 'Wetlands, 'Natural resource
conservation, 'Environmental effects, 'Synoptic
measurement, Case studies, Technology transfer, Re-
gional analysis.
PB90-271909/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office.
Summary Review of Health Effects Associated
with Dimethylamlne: Health Issue Assessment
Dynamac Corp., Rockville, MD.
C. E. Rothwell, P. Turck, D. Parker, J. Rowland, and T.
England. Sep 90, 74p EPA/600/8-90/038F,, ECAO-
R-0149
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Environmental Criteria and
Assessment Office.
Chemical properties and toxicity studies for dimethyla-
mine (DMA) are reviewed. At 25 C, DMA is a water-
soluble, colorless, flammable gas, with both natural
and anthropogenic sources. Body burden of DMA is
due to rapid absorption of inhaled or ingested DMA,
along with endogenous formation; urinary excretion of
unmetabolized compound is primary route of elimina-
tion. Microsomal enzymes in nose and liver convert
DMA to formaldehyde. DMA in the stomach in pres-
ence of nitrite and acid conditions can be converted to
nitrosamines. Chronic inhalation studies in 2 or more
species indicate concentration-dependent toxicity in
nasal mucosa with no other tissues affected except
small decrease in body weight at 175 ppm. There is no
evidence for carcinogenicity, mutagenicity; there are
no data on teratogenic or reproductive effects. Human
data available are limited to secondary reports of eye
irritation at low concentration, with nose, throat, and
lung irritation at 100 ppm DMA. Skin or eye contact
produces severe burns. Further data are needed on
ambient levels and human effects.
Keywords: 'Dimethylamine, 'Toxicity, Public health,
Exposure, Laboratory animals, Metabolism, 'Health
hazards, 'Risk assessment, 'Air pollution
effects(Animals), 'Air pollution effects(Humans), Phar-
macokinetics, Liver microsomes, Dose-response rela-
tionships.
PB90-271917/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Battelle, Arlington, VA.
Variability of Household Watsr Lead Levels in
American Cities. Final draft rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
A. H. Marcus, K. Hogan, and M. Cox. 21 Aug 90,75p
Sponsored by Battelle, Arlington, VA.
The authors estimated the most significant sources of
variability in repeat samples of water lead concentra-
tions from household taps and service lines In six U.S.
cities: Bennington, VT; Boston, MA; Chicago, IL; New
Bedford, MA; Newport News, VA; and Seattle, WA.
The Boston, Bennington, and Seattle samples include
both baseline samples and samples after pH and alka-
linity adjustment ('treatment') nas been carried out.
The most significant sources of variability included: dif-
ferences in household plumbing, differences in hard-
ness or corrosivity of household water as indexed by
pH and alkalinity, and seasonal effects (possibly relat-
ed to water temperature). Repeat sampling variability
was often large (lognormal coefficient of variation
greater than 0.58) or very large (lognormal coefficient
of variation greater than one), in Boston, estimated
90th percentiles decreased by a factor of 1.5 within
four months after treatment began, and by a factor of
3.4 after 3 years.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), 'Urban areas, 'Water pollu-
tion, Variability, Water pipelines, Distribution systems,
Plumbing, Sampling, pH, Alkalinity, Residential build-
ings, Seasonal variations, Temperature, United States,
'Households.
PB90-271925/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Lead at the Tap Sources and Control: A Survey of
the American Water System.
American Water Works Service Co., Voorhees, NJ.
R. G. Lee. Aug 88,77p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.
A report on a survey of lead levels at 1,484 customer
locations throughout the American Water System is
presented. The evaluation indicates there is a general
association between higher lead levels and several
factors, e.g., pH, plumbing age, electrical grounding.
Equally significant is the observation that the lead
levels at specific sites, or within specific systems,
cannot be predicted on the basis of these factors.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Lead(Metal), 'Water
supply, Plumbing, Electricity, pH, Surveys, Water qual-
ity, United States, Alkalinity.
PB90-271933/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Use of Water Supply Performance Evaluation
Data to Calculate Laboratory Certification Criteria
and Practical Quantitation Limits for Inorganic
Contaminants.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
J. B. Kempic. 1990,14p
Presented at the Annual EPA Conference on Analysis
of Pollutants in the Environment (12th), May 10-11,
1989.
The paper details the procedure used to calculate the
laboratory certification criteria and the practical quanti-
tation limits (PQLs) from the maximum contaminant
level goal (MCLG) and the regression equations for
EPA and State laboratory data. Calculation of labora-
tory certification criteria and PQLs for both zero and
nonzero MCLG contaminants are examined. The rela-
tionship between laboratory certification criteria and
the PQLs is also discussed in the paper.
Keywords: 'Water supply, 'Chemical analysis, Metals,
'Chemical water pollutants, 'Maximum contaminant
level goal, Test methods, Atomic absorption spectro-
photometry.
PB90-271941 /HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Update of the National Inorganic and Radionu-
clides Survey for Lead. Memorandum rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
J. Cohen. Jul 90,12p
The data updating the National Inorganic and Radionu-
clides Survey to revise the estimates of the ground
water occurrence of lead is included in the report.
Keywords: 'Ground water, 'Lead(Metal), 'Potable
water, 'Water supply, Water pipelines, Mathematical
models, Water distribution, Sampling,
Concentration(Composition),	Populations,
Tables(Data).
PB90-271958/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Influence of Plumbing, Lead Service Unas, and
Water Treatment on Lead Levels at the Tap: Anal-
ysis of Available Data.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Jul 90,19p
Discussion of the results of analysis of data submitted
to the Office of Drinking Water since publication of the
proposed lead and copper rule in August of 1988. The
analysis found that corrosion contror treatments such
as the use of corrosion inhibitors and adjustment of pH
were associated with lower lead levels at the tap than
water not subject to such treatment. The data general-
ly support the effectiveness ot the corrosion control
treatments as a means of reducing tap lead levels.
Keywords: 'Plumbing, 'Corrosion prevention, "Water
treatment, Surveys, Inhibitors, pH, Lead(Metai), Water
pipelines, Effectiveness, Piping systems, Sources,
Customers, Risk, Residential buildings, 'Drinking
water, Corrosion control.
PB90-271974/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Procedures for Preservation of Lead in Drinking
Water. Memorandum rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
C. Feldmann. 1990,30p
Jeanne Briskin's March 27, 1989, memo to Gary
McKee, Deputy Director, EMSL, requested that infor-
mation be provided, which would answer several ques-
tions concerning the preservation of drinking water
samples for lead analysis. It was decided to: Do a liter-
ature search for relevant information. Two papers
were found. One (Issaq and Zielinski, Loss of Lead
from Aqueous Solutions During Storage, Analytical
Chemistry, Vol. 46, No. 9, pg. 1328, August 1974) iden-
tified the problem of rapid loss of lead into the walls of
Pyrex, Kimax and polyethylene sample containers. It
concluded that the problem could be alleviated by the
use of hydrogen peroxide, which seems to function by
preventing adsorption, or nitric acid, which causes re-
solubilization of adsorbed lead. The second paper
(Miller, et. al., Influence of the Time of Acidification
after Sample Collection on the Preservation of Drink-
ing Water for Lead Determination, Anal. Chem., Vol.
57, No. 6, pg 1020, May 1985) established that 90% of
the lead in a sample is recovered from polyethylene
containers if the sample is acidified with nitric acid
within 14 days of collection, and the sample is ana-
lyzed 'within a day' after acidification.
Keywords: 'Preservation, "Lead(Metal), "Potable
water, "Water pollution abatement, Chemical analysis,
Water storage. Containers, Polyethylene, Heat resist-
ant glass, Absorption, Prevention, Hydrogen peroxide,
Acidification, Nitric acid, Recovery, "Drinking water.
PB90-271982/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Summary of Lead Service Una Replacement Anal-
yses. Memorandum rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
J.Cohen. Aug 90,47p
The memorandum summarizes EPA's analyses of the
American Water Works Association survey on the oc-
currence of lead service lines and connections in
water systems throughout the United States.
Keywords: 'Lead(Metal), 'Water pipelines, 'Water
services, Cost estimates, Water supply, Distribution
systems, Chemical analysis, Surveys, United States,
Water systems, American Waterworks.
PB90-271990/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
State Costs of Implementing the 1986 Ssfe Drink-
ing Water Act Amendments. Results and Implica-
tions of the 1988 Association of State Drinking
Water Administrators' Survey of State Primacy
Program Resource Needs.
Association of State Drinking Water Administrators,
Arlington, VA.
20 Jul 89,152p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Drinking Water.
To assist the Office of Drinking Water in estimating the
state costs of regulatory options and in providing guid-
ance and assistance to state programs, the Survey of
State Primacy Program Resource Needs was conduct-
ed in the summer and fall of 1988. The survey was a
joint effort between EPA and the Association of State
Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA). A detailed 18
page questionnaire and a 38 page supplement were
prepared to obtain from each state and territory an es-
timate of the staff and funding resources needed both
to implement existing programs and to meet the new
requirements. ASDWA distributed the survey to all
states and territories and compiled the responses in a
data base as they were received. EPA supported
ASDWA in delineating the expected requirements, pro-
viding implementation schedules of the forthcoming
rules, and analyzing the results of the survey. The
report discusses the methodology used in developing
and conducting the survey and presents the results of
the analyses.
Keywords: 'Potable water, 'Cost analysis, Surveys,
State government, Tables(Data), Information systems,
'Safe Drinking Water Act of 1988.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-272022/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Rainfall Induced Infiltration Into Sewer Systems:
Report to Congress.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of the Assistant Administrator for Water.
Jul 90,121p EPA/430/09-90/005
Portions of this document are not fully legible.
The report has been prepared to meet the requirement
of Section 523 of the Federal Quality Act of 1987 (PL
100 4) concerning rainfall induced Infiltration (Rii) into
Sanitary Sewers. The report is divided into several
Chapters & Apprentices, Chapter 1 describes the
study objectives and approach, Chapter 2 presents an
assessment of the Rii problems including the definition
and characteristics of Rii a discussion of the problems
associated with Rii and the presentation of ten case
studies of sanitary sewer systems identified as experi-
encing Rii. Chapter 3 discusses methods & approach-
es for controlling Rii. The Appendices contain more
detailed description of the case studies, further infor-
mation on rehabilitation methods and design stand-
ards for Rii control, and a detail discussion of the Rii
cost evaluation conducted for the study.
Keywords: 'Sanitary sewers, 'Urban areas, 'Com-
bined sewers, Rainfall, Sewage treatment, United
States, Ground water, Cost effectiveness, Water pollu-
tion, 'infiltration(Fluids), 'Storm water runoff, Case
studies, Storm water drainage, Federal Water Quality
Act of 1987.
cerns, and public pressure for alternatives. Many juris-
dictions across the country - large, small, rural, and
urban - are looking for methods to reduce the amount
of waste going to disposal sites. The manual describes
a less-traditional alternative - - charging user fees via
variable rates for solid waste collection and disposal
service. Variable can rates or bag/tag systems offer a
number of advantages over traditional solid waste
funding mechanisms: they are fair, effective, and give
customers control over the bill; they provide excellent
incentives for waste reduction and recycling and inte-
grate well with programs; they can lead to system sav-
ings; they can be implemented far more quickly than
capital investments; and they can be implemented in a
variety of types of jurisdictions and situations. Systems
of this type have been implemented in a number of
communities and have proved very effective. The
manual is divided into several parts, and gives detailed
descriptions covering (1) determining the feasibility of
the change; (2) evaluation of rate design options; (3)
steps to conduct a rates analysis/rate study; (4) oper-
ational changes and implementation needs and timeli-
ness; and (5) case studies and references.
Keywords: 'Handbooks, 'Rates(Costs), Feasibility,
Management planning, Substitutes, Garbage disposal.
Billing, Solid waste disposal. Decision making,
'Source reduction, 'Solid waste management, 'User
charges, Case studies, Economic factors, Household
wastes, Program effectiveness.
tations cover documents added to those collections
during the period from April 1989 to November 1989.
Like its predecessors, the document is subdivided into
Risk Assessment, Risk Management, and Risk Com-
munication. The Table of Contents lists further divi-
sions of each of these categories. Citations are ar-
ranged alphabetically by title, with the exception of the
chemical specific references. These citations are
grouped alphabetically by chemical name. Abstracts in
the update have been shortened or eliminated if the
content of the article is adequately reflected in the title.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, 'Communications man-
agement, Information systems, 'Risk assessment,
"Environmental Protection Agency.
PB90-272253/HSU	PC A13/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Modeling, Monitoring Systems and Quality
Assurance.
Exponet: The International Total Human Exposure
Assessment Network. 2100 Members, June 1990.
Rept. for Jun 89-Jun 90.
AScI Corp., McLean, VA.
A. Walter. 1990, 285p
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Modeling, Monitoring Sys-
tems and Quality Assurance.
PB90-272055/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Variable Rates In Solid Waste: Handbook for Solid
Waste Officials. Volume 1. Executive Summary.
Final rept.
Seattle Engineering Dept., WA.
L. A. Skumatz, and C. Breckinridge. Jun 90,45p* EPA/
910/9-90/012A
See also Volume 2, PB90-272063. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA. Region X.
Landfill space has become a major nationwide crisis,
and traditional 'technical' solutions are running into dif-
ficulties related to siting, funding, environmental con-
cerns, and public pressure for alternatives. Many juris-
dictions across the country - large, small, rural, and
urban ~ are looking for methods to reduce the amount
of waste going to disposal sites. The manual describes
a less-traditional alternative - - charging user fees via
variable rates for solid waste collection and disposal
service. Variable can rates or bag/tag systems offer a
number of advantages over traditional solid waste
funding mechanisms: they are fair, effective, and give
customers control over the bill; they provide excellent
incentives for waste reduction and recycling and inte-
grate well with programs; they can lead to system sav-
ings; they can be implemented far more quickly than
capital investments; and they can be implemented in a
variety of types of jurisdictions and situations. Systems
of this type have been implemented in a number of
communities and have proved very effective. This
volume is an executive summary. The companion de-
tailed manual gives extensive descriptions covering (1)
determining the feasibility of the change; (2) evaluation
of rate design options; (3) steps to conduct a rates
analysis/rate study; (4) operational changes and im-
plementation needs and timeliness; and (5) case stud-
ies and references.
Keywords: 'Handbooks, 'Rates(Costs), Feasibility,
Management planning, Substitutes, Garbage disposal,
Billing, Solid waste disposal, Decision making,
'Source reduction, 'Solid waste management, 'User
charges, Case studies, Economic factors, Household
wastes, Program effectiveness.
PB90-272063/HSU	PC A14/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
Variable Rates in Solid Waste: Handbook for Solid
Waste Officials. Volume 2. Detailed Manual. Final
rept.
Seattle Engineering Dept., WA.
L A. Skumata, and C. Breckinridge. Jun 90,309p
EPA/910/9-90/012B	„	.. c .
See also Volume 1, PB90-272055. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA. Region X.
Landfill space has become a major nationwide crisis,
and traditional 'technical' solutions are running into dif-
ficulties related to siting, funding, environmental con-
PB90-272071/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Technoeconomlc Appraisal of Integrated Gasifi-
cation Combined-Cycle Power Generation. Final
rept. Jun 87-Nov 89.
Science Applications International Corp., McLean, VA.
M. C. Fraser. Sep 90,139p EPA/600/7-90/017
Contracts EPA-68-02-3893, EPA-68-02-4397
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report is a technoeconomic appraisal of the inte-
grated (coal) gasification combined-cycle (IGCC)
system. Although not yet a proven commercial tech-
nology, IGCC is a future competitive technology to cur-
rent pulverized-coal boilers equipped with S02 and
NOx controls, because of its potential for increased
thermal efficiency and very low emission rates. How-
ever, its not yet being proven commercially will influ-
ence its rate of market penetration and its possible
impact on future emissions. The first IGCC plant to
supply electricity to a U.S. utility system has been dem-
onstrated at Southern California Edison's Cool Water
Generating Station near Barstow, CA, using Texaco's
coal gasification process. This demonstration has pro-
video significant data for process improvements and
has indicated the basic operability of combined chemi-
cal process/power generation technology. However,
remaining technical questions include: plant operation
over an extended period with high-sulfur eastern coal;
operability of the Texaco gasifier at full throughput;
materials of construction; and plant availability/reliabil-
ity. One advantage of IGCC systems is their potential
for phased construction of partial plant capacity to
more closely match the currently slow electricity
demand growth.
Keywords: 'Coal gasification, 'Electric power genera-
tion, 'Air pollution control, Boilers, Gas turbines, Ex-
haust gases, Heat recovery, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur di-
oxide, Economic analysis, 'Combined-cycle power
plants, Stationary pollutant sources, US EPA.
PB90-272105/HSU	PC A09/MF A02
Risk Assessment, Management, Communication:
A Guide to Selected Sources. Volume 3, Number
2.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Jun 90,195p EPA/560/7-90/007
See also PB90-237116.
The issue of Risk Assessment, Management, and
Communication: A Guide to Selected Sources Is the
eighth update in EPA's series of risk management bib-
liographies. References were gathered from the envi-
ronmental, medical, and scientific literature included in
the following databases: ABI/lnform, Cambridge Sci-
entific Abstracts, Conference Papers Index, Envlroline,
Life Sciences Collection, Magazine Index, NTIS, PAIS
International, and NLM's Toxline and Medline. The ci-
The document is a list of the names and addresses of
researchers who work in the field of human exposure.
The document also lists areas of human exposure that
a particular researcher is involved with. Telephone and
fax numbers are given if available.
Keywords: "Directories, 'Exposure, "Personnel, 'Sci-
entists, Humans, 'Environmental pollutants, Toxic
substances.
PB90-272S01 /HSU	PC A04/MF A01
OSWER Comparative Risk Project Executive
Summary and Overview.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Nov 89,72p EPA/540/1 -89/003, EPA/9200.5-004
The document discusses the study undertaken by the
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
(OSWER) to explore the comparative risks posed by
various waste management practices regulated by
and/or under OSWER purview. It describes the study's
position as an early step in the larger strategic plan-
ning process, undertaken to gain experience in per-
forming comparative analysis.
Keywords: 'Project management, 'Research projects
Management planning, Hazardous materials, Sites in-
dustrial wastes, Comparison, Ecology, Decision
making, Storage tanks, Public health, Ground water
Water pollution, Data processing. Ranking, Under-
ground storage, 'Waste management, 'Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response, 'Risk assessment
Municipal wastes, Underground disposal, Supetfund'
Environmental effects.
PB90-272519/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response-
Annual Report, Fiscal Year 1988.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Nov 88,66p EPA/68-01-7259. EPA/9200.5-005
The document summarizes the accomplishments of
the Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
(OSWER) of the U.S. EPA for Fiscal Year 1988, espe-
cially in the development and implementation of pro-
grams supporting the Resource Conservation and Re-
covery Act (RCRA) and Superfund.
Keywords: Law enforcement. Guidelines, Regulations,
Chemical compounds, Underground storage, Storage
tanks, Standards, 'Office of Solid Waste and Emer-
gency Response, 'Research and development
'Waste management. State implementation plans, US
EPA, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Su-
perfund, Remedial action, Compliance, Permits, Fed-
eral agencies.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-272527/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Debarment and Suspension. Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
1989,6p EPA/9200.5-208/FS
The directive provides definitions, authorities for pur-
suing, and causes and procedures for, debarment and
suspension. Requirements of the Drug-Free Work-
place Act are also included in the Fact Sheet.
Keywords: Regulations, 'Superfund, "Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response, 'Suspension, "De-
barment, Remedial action, Substance abuse, Fraud.
PB90-272535/HSU	PC A11/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
CERCLA Compliance with Other Laws Manual.
Part 1. Interim Final. Draft rept.
ICF, inc., Fairfax, VA.
8 Aug 88,244p* EPA/540/G-89/006., EPA/9234.1-
01
Contract EPA-68-01-7090
See also PB90-272550. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Emer-
gency and Remedial Response.
The manual is developed to provide guidance to Re-
medial Project Managers (RPMs), State personnel at
State-lead Superfund sites, On-Scene Coordinators
(OSCs), and other persons responsible for planning re-
sponse actions under the Comprehensive Environ-
mental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
(CERCLA). The guidance is intended to assist in the
selection of on-site remedial actions that meet the ap-
plicable, or relevant and appropriate requirements
(ARARs) of the Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act (RCRA), Clean Water Act (CWAJ, Safe Drinking
Water Act (SDWA), Clean Air Act (CAA), and other
Federal and State environmental laws as required by
CERCLA.
Keywords: "Manuals, Guidelines, Law enforcement,
Management planning, Project management, State
government, National government. Site surveys,
'Laws, "Pollution regulation, "Remedial action, "Re-
medial response, "Waste management, Superfund,
Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensa-
tion and Liability Act, Compliance, Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act, Clean Water Act, Safe Drink-
ing Water Act, Clean Air Act, Environmental transport.
PB90-272543/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
CERCLA Compliance with Other Law* Manual:
CERCLA Compliance with State Requirements.
Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Dec 89,8p EPA/9234.2-0S/FS
See also PB90-272535.
The fact sheet provides a guide to chapter 6 of Part II
of the 'CERCLA Compliance with Other Laws Manual.'
The fifth in a series, this fact sheet discusses CERCLA
compliance with State requirements, based on policies
in proposed revisions to the National Contingency
Plan.
Keywords: "Project management, Regulations,
Ground water, Legislation, "Superfund, 'Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, "National
contingency plan, Compliance, Toxic substances.
PB90-272550/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
CERCLA Compliance with Other Lawa Manual:
Summary and Part 2. CAA, TSCA, and Other Stat-
ute*. Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Apr 90,11p EPA/9234.2-07/FS
See also PB90-272S43.
The fact sheet provides a guide to Chapters 2 and 3 of
Part II of the 'CERCLA Compliance With Other Laws
Manual.' The sixth in a series, this fact sheet focuses
on CERCLA compliance with the Clean Air Act (CAA),
the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), and the
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act. In
addition, it discusses other statutes that set standards
for radioactive wastes, mining wastes, and other re-
source protection statutes that are potential Applica-
ble or Relevant and Appropriate Requirements
(ARARs) for CERCLA actions.
Keywords: "Project management, Surface mining,
Regulations, Legislation, Radioactive wastes, "Super-
fund, "Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Re-
sponse, Toxic Substances Act, Clean Air Act, Compli-
ance, Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide
Act, Endangered species.
PB90-272568/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
Guidelines for Effective Management of the Con-
tract Laboratonr Program. Fact sheet.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Nov 89,4p EPA/9240.0-04-1
See also PB90-191545.
The fact sheet provides guidance to Superfund Head-
quarters Project Officers (POs) and Regional deputy
Project Officers (DPOs). The PO and DPO roles, re-
sponsibilities, limitations, and interrelationships with
other supporting parties are defined for every stage of
the Superfund process.
Keywords: "Project management, Laboratories, "Su-
perfund, "Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Re-
sponse, "Contract Laboratory Program, Preremedial
actions.
PB90-272576/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Guide on Remedial Actions for Contaminated
Ground Water. Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Apr 89,9p EPA/9283.1 -02/FS
The fact sheet summarizes the key issues in the devel-
opment, evaluation, and selection of ground water Re-
medial Actions at Superfund sites, including CERCLA
requirements, project planning, and remedial action
objectives as presented in the comprehensive guid-
ance.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Water pollution, Project
management, "Superfund, "Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Remedial action.
PB90-272584/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Mandatory Training Requirements for OCS* and
RPMa. Directive (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
29 Sep 89,6p EPA/9285.9-05
The directive formally announces the mandatory train-
ing requirements for On-Scene Coordinators (OSCs)
and Remedial Project Managers (RPMs) at all levels.
Addresses Congressional, EPA management, and em-
ployee concerns raised about the preparation of OSCs
and RPMs to perform their jobs.
Keywords: 'Personnel development, Project manage-
ment, "Superfund, 'Office of Solid Waste and Emer-
gency Response, Remedial action.
PB90-272592/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
Mandatory Community Relation* Training. Super-
fund Management Review Implementation Prod-
uct (Recommendation: No. 43.P(I)). Directive
(Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
1 Dec 89,5p EPA/9285.9-06
The directive formally announces mandatory commu-
nity relations training for Remedial Project Managers,
On-Scene Coordinators, and other Regional staff and
managers who attend public meetings or deal with the
public. The directive explains what the requirements
are, and why the training is necessary.
Keywords: "Personnel development, 'Project man-
agement, 'Community relations, Regulations, 'Super-
fund, 'Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Re-
sponse.
i
PB90-272600/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Final National Contingency Plan: New Directions
for Superfund. Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Feb 90,6p EPA/9319.0-01 /FS
The fact sheet describes how the Superfund 'Manage-
ment Review' and the final National Contingency Pfan
established a management and regulatory blueprint for
implementation of the Superfund law. This fact sheet
summarizes Superfund's new goals for hazardous
waste cleanup, and how those goals will be achieved.
Keywords: "Project management, Hazardous materi-
als, "Superfund, "Office of Solid Waste and Emergen-
cy Response, "National Contingency Plan, Oil spills.
PB90-272618/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Notification of Out-of-state Shipment* of Super-
fund Site Wastes. Directive (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
14 Sep 89,6p EPA/9330.2-07
The directive implements EPA's policy that prior to the
off-site shipment of Superfund site wastes to an out-of-
State management facility, EPA Regional personnel
will provide notice to that State's environmental offi-
cials.
Keywords: 'Interstate transportation, "Superfund,
"Waste management, "Office of Sofid Waste and
Emergency Response, "Hazardous materials trans-
portation, State programs, Remedial action, EPA re-
gions, Public information, Administrative procedures,
Potentially responsible parties.
PB90-272634/HSU	PC A13/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Data Quality Objective* for Remedial Response
Activities: Development Process. Example Sce-
nario: RI/FS Activities at a Site with Contaminated
Soils and Ground Water.
CDM Federal Programs Corp., Annandale, VA.
Mar 87,287p* EPA/540/G-87/003,, EPA/540/G-
87/004
Contract EPA-68-01-6939
Also pub. as Environmental Protection Agency, Wash-
ington, DC. Office of Emergency and Remedial Re-
sponse rept. no. OSWER DIRECTIVE-9355.0-7B. See
also PB88-131370 and P088-131388. Sponsored by
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
The two volumes provide guidance for developing data
quality objectives (DQOs) for site-specific Remedial In-
vestigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) activities. Quali-
tative and quantitative standards required to support
RI/FS activities are specified. A formal approach to
the development of DQOs in the sampling/analytical
plan to improve the quality and cost-effectiveness of
data collection and analysis activities is provided.
Keywords: "Waste disposal, 'Guidelines, Data proc-
essing, Site surveys, Water pollution control, Cost ef-
fectiveness, Scenarios, Management planning, Quality
control, Quality assurance, Decision making, Mathe-
matical models, Sampling, 'US EPA Regions 1-10,
'Remedial action, 'Remedial response, 'Superfund,
Land pollution control, Standards compliance, Feasi-
bility studies.
PB90-272642/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
RI/FS Improvement*. Directive (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
23 Jul 87,14p EPA/9355.0-20
The directive identifies methods of reducing overall
project schedules and costs while retaining a quality
product. Four major points are included: phased Re-
medial Investigations/Feasibility Studies (RI/FS),
streamlined project planning, management of hand-
ofls, and Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (Rl/
FS) control reviews.
Keywords: Project management, Regulations, Quality
control, 'Superfund, 'Office of Solid Waste and Emer-
gency Response, Feasibility studies, Remedial action.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-272659/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Advancing the Use of Treatment Technologies (or
Superfund Remedies. Directive (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
21 Feb 89,10p EPA/9355.0-26
The directive reaffirms the use of treatment technol-
ogies at Superfund sites and summarizes guidance
documents and activities that encourage ana support
the use of innovative treatment technologies.
Keywords-. "Hazardous materials, "Waste treatment.
Guidelines, "Superfund, "Waste management, "Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, "Remedial
action, Pollution regulations, Compliance, National
Contingency Plan, Technology utilization, EPA re-
gions, Record of Decision.
PB90-272667/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Control of Air Emissions from Superfund Air
Strippers at Superfund Groundwater Sites. Direc-
tive (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
15 Jun 89,8p EPA/9355.0-28
The directive establishes guidance on control of air
emissions from air strippers used at Superfund sites
for groundwater treatment. The joint memorandum
from Office Directors, OERR, and Air Quality Planning
and Standards, establishes procedures for implemen-
tation.
Keywords: "Air pollution control equipment, "Hazard-
ous materials, "Strippers, Guidelines, Water pollution
control, Ground water, "Superfund, "Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response, "Waste manage-
ment, Remedial action, Record of Decision, Volatile or-
ganic compounds, EPA regions, Air quality, State im-
plementation plans, Air pollution standards.
PB90-272675/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Feasibility Study: Detailed Analysis of Remedial
Action Alternatives. Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Mar 90,7p EPA/9355.3-01 /FS-4
The document is the fourth and final document in a
series of fact sheets describing the remedial investiga-
tion/feasibility study (RI/FS). The fact sheet is a syn-
opsis of Chapter 6 of 'The Guidance for Conducting
Remedial Investigations and Feasibility Studies Under
CERCLA' (Directive No. 9355.3-0I) which addresses
the detailed analysis of remedial action alternatives.
Additionally, the fact sheet provides Remedial Project
Managers (RPMs) with information on how to manage
this phase of the FS efficiently and effectively.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials. Criteria, Compari-
son, Substitutes, "Superfund, "Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, "Remedial action, "Waste
management, "Preremedial actions, Feasibility stud-
ies, Record of Decision, Risk assessment, Pollution
regulations, Compliance.
PB90-272683/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Expediting Remedial Construction. Fact sheet
(Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Oct 89,9p EPA/9355.5-02/FS
The fact sheet examines activities to be considered in
Remedial Management Strategies to accelerate reme-
dial construction.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Construction man-
agement, "Superfund, "Remedial action, "Preremedial
action, "Waste management, "Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, Remedial designs, Con-
tract management, Administrative procedures.
PB90-272691/HSU	PC A10/MF A02
Removal Cost Management System: Version 3.2^
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
May 90,211p* EPA/540/P-90/003, EPA/9360.0-02C
Also available from Supt. of Docs. See also PB90-
153891.
1684 Vol. 90, No. 24
The user's guide for the Removal Cost Management
System (RCMS) is specifically designed to serve as a
reference manual for software used to perform cost
projections and daily cost tracking. The guide can also
be used to create Cost Projection reports, the 1900-55
Form, a Daily Cost Summary, an Incident Obligation
Log, and Site Summary Reports.
Keywords: "Guidelines, "Hazardous materials, Cost
effectiveness, Cost analysis, Management planning,
Forecasting, Sites, Contract administration, Revisions,
Personnel, Requirements, "Superfund, "Waste man-
agement, "User manuals(Computer programs), Com-
prehensive Environmental Response Compensation
and Liability Act.
PB90-272709/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Guidelines for the Cleanup of Clandestine Drug
Laboratories. Directive.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Mar 90,46p EPA/540/P-90/005, EPA/9360.5-00
Prepared in cooperation with Drug Enforcement Ad-
ministration, Washington, DC., and Coast Guard,
Washington, DC.
The document provides guidelines proposed by the
Joint Task Force on illegal/clandestine drug laborato-
ries to assist State and local law enforcement and
health agencies develop a framework for cleaning up
clandestine drug laboratories. The guidelines contain
an overview of recommended enforcement proce-
dures, as well as safety guidelines and cleanup strate-
gies.
Keywords: "Chemical laboratories, "Drug industry,
"Drugs, "Manufacturing, Waste disposal, Hazardous
materials, Safety, Guidelines, State government, Local
government, Exposure, Law enforcement, "Toxic sub-
stances, "Occupational safety and health.
PB90-272717/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
Audits and the Superfund Program Manager. Fact
sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Jan 90,4p EPA/9375.5-04/FS
The fact sheet describes why audits of all parties to
Cooperative Agreements and Superfund State Con-
tracts (SSCs) are good business practices and how
audits help EPA protect the financial integrity of Super-
fund response agreements.
Keywords: "Project management, "Auditing, Con-
tracts, State government, Financial management, "Su-
perfund, "Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Re-
sponse, "Waste management, Compliance, Coopera-
tive agreements, Remedial response, Pollution regula-
tions, Preremedial actions, Remedial action.
PB90-272725/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Status of State Involvement in the Superfund Pro-
§ram, FY 80 to FY 89.
nvironmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Apr 90,37p EPA/540/8-90/005, EPA/9375.6-04
The report summarizes state involvement throughout
the Superfund process since the passage of the Com-
prehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,
and Liability Act (CERCLA). The report includes the
roles and responsibilities of States; an overview of the
Superfund process and phases of response; an histori-
cal perspective on State involvement in each phase of
response at Superfund Sites; and a summary of State
involvement in non-site specific activities.
Keywords: "Project planning, "State government, Na-
tional government, Regulations, Statutes, Solid waste
disposal, Sites, Law enforcement, Operations, Mainte-
nance, Graphs(Chart8), "Superfund, Data bases, Re-
medial action, Remedial response.
PB90-272733/HSU	PC A10/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Analysis of Stats Superfund Programs: 50-State
Study.
Environmental Law Inst., Washington, DC.
Sep 89,225p EPA/540/8-69/01 f,, EPA/9375.6-08
Contract EPA-68-W8-0098
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response.
The report examines site cleanup capabilities in all 50
States and provides descriptions of statutes, program
organization, findings, and cleanup procedures. Also
provides snapshots of state cleanup programs.
Keywords: *States(United States), "Hazardous materi-
als, 'Waste disposal, Statutes, Instructions, Manuals,
Photographs, Project planning, Organizations, Law en-
forcement, Management, Financing, Citizen participa-
tion, Government policies. Liabilities, Standards, "Su-
perfund, Cleanup, Remedial action, EPA Regions 1-
10.
PB90-272865/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Funding of Expanded Uses Activities by State Re-
volving Fund Programs: Examples and Program
Recommendations.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Municipal Pollution Control.
Aug 90, 54p EPA/430/9-90/006
The guidebook includes a brief description of the SRF
program and its history, including a discussion of the
types of assistance that can be provided for expanded
uses activities and a description of who would be eligi-
ble for these funds. Following this discussion, the
booklet will raise and address a number of commonly
asked questions about the SRF program and its appli-
cability to expanded uses activities. The last section of
the guidebook includes a discussion of a number of
programs that could be eligible for participation in
State SRF programs. Examples of potential projects
are storm water management, agricultural activities,
and ground water protection activities.
Keywords: "Guidelines, "Water quality management,
Recommendations, Research projects, Ground water,
Pesticides, Animal wastes, "State programs. "Finan-
cial assistance, "Water pollution economics, Loan
guarantees, Nonpoint sources, Clean Water Act, State
implementation plans, Storm water runoff, Agricultural
runoff, Water runoff.
PB90-272873/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Water Regulations and Standards.
Risk Assessment for 2378-TCDO and 2378-TCDF
Contaminated Receiving Waters from U.S. Chlo-
rine-Bleaching Pulp and Paper Mills. Final rept.
Tetra Tech, Inc., Fairfax, VA.
Aug 90,149p
Contract EPA-68-C9-0013
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Water Regulations and
Standards.
A surface water risk assessment was conducted to
predict the potential human and aquatic life impacts
associated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
and 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzofuran discharged from
chlorine-bleaching pulp and paper mills. Using 1988
effluent data, other site-specific information, and sim-
plifying assumptions, it was concluded that predicted
exposures could represent significant implications for
human health and aquatic life near the mills.
Keywords: "Surface waters, 'Paper industry, "Public
health, 'Water pollution, Aquatic animals, Chlorine or-
ganic compounds. Exposure, Risk, Assessments,
Bleaching, Texas, Industrial plants, Mathematical
models, Sites, Pulp mills, Tables(Data), Tetrachlorodi-
benzofuran.
PB90-272881/HSU	PC A21/MF AOS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Nonmethane Organic Compound Monitoring Pro-
gram Final Report 19M. volume 1. Nonmethane
Organic Compounds.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. A. McAllister, P. L. O'Hara, W. H. Moore, D. P.
Dayton, and J. Rice. Dec 88,485p EPA/450/4-89/003
Contract EPA-68-D8-0014
See also Volume 2, PB90-146697. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
In certain areas of the country where the National Am-
bient Air Quality Standard for ozone is being exceed-
ed, additional measurements of ambient nonmethane
organic compounds (NMOC) are needed to assist the
affected states in developing revised ozone control
strategies. Because of previous difficulty in obtaining
accurate NMOC measurements, the U.S. Environmen-
tal Protection Agency (EPA) has provided monitoring
and analytical assistance to these states through
Radian Corporation. This assistance began in 1984
and continues through the 1988 NMOC Monitoring
Program. Between April 18 and October 30, 1988,
Radian analyzed 3,497 ambient air samples, collected
at 45 sites. These NMOC analyses were performed by
the cryogenic preconcentration, direct flame ionization
detection (PDFID) method. Based on 1984, 1985,
1986, and 1987 studies, the method was shown to be
precise, accurate, and cost effective relative to the
capillary column gas chromatographic, flame ioniza-
tion detection (GC/FID) method. In 1987 Radian Cor-
poration developed a gas chromatographic multidetec-
tor (GC/MD) method to determine the concentration
of 38 selected toxic compounds in ambient air. In
1988, air toxic analyses were conducted by GC/MD on
ambient air samples taken at 13 sites at which NMOC
samples were taken. The 1988 Urban Air Toxics Moni-
toring Program (UATMP) began in October 1987 at 19
urban sites and extended through September 1988.
Keywords: 'Urban areas, Chromatographic analysis,
Tables(Data), United States, Quality assurance,
Graphs(Charts),	Site	surveys,
Concentration(Composition), Ozone, 'Non-methane
hydrocarbons, 'Air pollution monitoring, Air pollution
detection.
PB90-273483/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Estimated Worker Exposure to 2378-TCDD and
2378-TCDF in the Manufacture, Processing, and
Commercial Use of Pulp, Paper, and Paper Prod-
ucts. Final rept.
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
R. Krishnan, C. Meyer, B. Goodman, and M. B. Foerst.
Jul 90, 152p EPA/560/4-90/015
Contract EPA-68-D8-0112
See also PB90-273491. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic
Substances.
The report assesses potential worker exposures and
risks to 2378 TCDD and 2378 TCDF in the production,
processing, and commercial use of pulp, paper, and
paper products. The report identifies the job catego-
ries in each operation and examines worker exposure
via the following three exposure pathways: (1) inhala-
tion of volatilized 2378 TCDD/2378 TCDF, (2) inhala-
tion of particulates containing 2378 TCDD/2378
TCDF, and (3) dermal contact with pulp, paper, or
sludge. Since no available personnel exposure moni-
toring data is available, various modeling techniques
and assumptions are used to estimate exposures. A
range (low and high values) of exposure and risk esti-
mates are presented for each Industry/worker scenar-
io and exposure route. The 'low' and 'high' exposures
and risks are estimated based on the lowest and high-
est dioxin TEQ concentrations, as reported in the 104-
Mill Study, and typical to reasonable worst-case as-
sumptions, respectively.
Keywords: 'Paper industry, Skin(Anatomy), Toxicity,
Manufacturing, Exposure, Respiration, Tables(Data),
'Occupational exposure, 'Environmental exposure
pathways, 'Tetrachlorodibenzofuran, "Tetrachlorodi-
benzodioxin, Dermal absorption, Risk assessment.
PB60-273491/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Estimated Worker Exposure to 2378-TCDD and
2378-TCDF from Processing and Commercial Use
of Pulp and Paper Mill Sludge. Final rept.
PEI Associates, Inc., Cincinnati, OH.
R. Krishnan, C. Meyer, B. Goodman, and M. B. Foerst.
Jul 90,156p EPA/560/4-90/016
Contract EPA-68-D8-0112
See also PB90-273483. Sponsored by Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office of Toxic
Substances.
The report assesses potential worker exposures and
risks to 2378 TCDD and 2378 TCDF In the processing
and commercial use of pulp and paper mill sludge. The
report identifies the job categories in each operation
and examines worker exposure via the following three
exposure pathways: (1) inhalation of volatilized 2378
TCDD/2378 TCDF, (2) inhalation of particulates con-
taining 2378 TCDD/2378 TCDF, and (3) dermal con-
tact with pulp and paper mill sludge. Since no available
personnel exposure monitoring data is available, vari-
ous modeling techniques and assumptions are used to
estimate exposures. A range (low and high values) of
exposure and risk estimates are presented for each in-
dustry/worker scenario and exposure route. The 'low'
and 'high' exposures and risks are estimated based on
the lowest and highest dioxin TEQ concentrations, as
reported in the 104-Mill Study, and typical to reasona-
ble worst-case assumptions, respectively.
Keywords: 'Paper industry, 'Sludge, Waste water, Ex-
posure, Skin(Anatomy), Tables(Data), Respiration,
'Occupational exposure, 'Environmental exposure
pathways, 'Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin, 'Tetrachlorodi-
benzofuran, Dermal absorption, Risk assessment.
PB90-273509/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Army Medical Research and Development Command,
Fort Detrick, MD.
Health Advisory tor Nltroguanldlne (NQ). Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
M. E. Brower, and W. R. Hartley. May 90,89p
Sponsored by Army Medical Research and Develop-
ment Command, Fort Detrick, MD.
The Health Advisory (HA) provides information on the
health effects, analytical methodology and treatment
technology that would be useful in dealing with Nitro-
guanidine contamination of drinking water. Health
Advisories describe nonregulatory concentrations of
drinking water contaminants at which adverse health
effects would not be anticipated to occur over specific
exposure durations. The HAs, developed by the US
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Drinking
Water (ODW), are not legally enforceable Federal
standards and are subject to change as new informa-
tion becomes available. Health Advisories are devel-
oped for One-day, Ten-day, Longer-term and Lifetime
exposures based on data describing noncarcinogenic
end points of toxicity.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Public health,
'Water treatment, Toxicity, Exposure, Time,
Concentration(Composition), Risk, Humans, Carcino-
gens, Standards, Malignant neoplasms, 'Drinking
water, 'Nitroguanidine.
PB90-273517/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Army Medical Research and Development Command,
Fort Detrick, MD.
Health Advisory for Dllsopropyl Msthylphosphon-
ate (DIMP). Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water,
L. Gordon, and W. R. Hartley. Jan 89,75p
Sponsored by Army Medical Research and Develop-
ment Command, Fort Detrick, MD.
The Health Advisory (HA) provides information on the
health effects, analytical methodology and treatment
technology that would be useful in dealing with Diiso-
propyl Methylphosphonate (DIMP) contamination of
drinking water. Health Advisories describe nonregula-
tory concentrations of drinking water contaminants at
which adverse health effects would not be anticipated
to occur over specific exposure durations. The HAs,
are not legally enforceable Federal standards and are
subject to change as new information becomes avail-
able. Health Advisories are developed for One-day,
Ten-day, Longer-term and Lifetime exposures based
on data describing noncarcinogenic end points of tox-
icity. For those substances that are known or probable
human carcinogens, according to the EPA classifica-
tion scheme, Lifetime HAs are not recommended. The
chemical concentration values for carcinogens are
correlated with carcinogenic risk estimates by employ-
ing a cancer potency (unit risk) value.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Public health, 'Water pollution,
Phosphonates, Phosphorus organic compounds, Con-
tamination, Exposure, Carcinogens, Standards, Na-
tional government, Risk, Concentration(Composition),
Humans, Law enforcement, Health effects. Drinking
water, Isopropyl methyl phosphonates.
PB90-273525/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Army Medical Research and Development Command,
Fort Detrick, MD.
Health Advisory for Octahydro-1,3,5,7-Tetranitro
1,3,5,7-Tetrazocine (HMX). Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
W. L. McLellan, W. R. Hartley, and M. E. Brower. Nov
88,63p
Sponsored by Army Medical Research and Develop-
ment Command, Fort Detrick, MD.
The Health Advisory (HA) provides information on the
health effects, analytical methodology and treatment
technology that would be useful in dealing with HMX
(octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) con-
tamination of drinking water. Health Advisories de-
scribe nonregulatory concentrations of drinking water
contaminants at which adverse health effects would
not be anticipated to occur over specific exposure du-
rations. The HAs are not legally enforceable Federal
standards and are subject to change as new informa-
tion becomes available. Health Advisories are devel-
oped for One-day, Ten-day, Longer-term and Lifetime
exposures based on data describing noncarcinogenic
end points of toxicity.
Keywords: 'Organic compounds, 'Public health,
'Waste treatment, Environmental impacts, Standards,
Exposure, Carcinogens, Periodic variations,
Concentration(Composition), Toxicity, Risk, Assess-
ment, Malignant neoplasms, Estimates, Maryland,
Chemical analysis, 'Drinking water, HMX.
PB90-273533/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Army Medical Research and Development Command,
Fort Detrick, MD.
Health Advlsoiy for Hexahydro-1,3,5-Trinltro-
1,3,5-Triazlne (RDX). Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Criteria and Standards Div.
W. L. McLellan, W. R. Hartley, and M. E. Brower. Nov
88,100p
Sponsored by Army Medical Research and Develop-
ment Command, Fort Detrick, MD.
The Health Advisoiy (HA) provides information on the
health effects, analytical methodology and treatment
technology that would be useful in dealing with RDX
(hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) contamination
of drinking water. Health Advisories describe nonreg-
ulatory concentrations of drinking water contaminants
at which adverse health effects would n9t be anticipat-
ed to occur over specific exposure durations. The HAs,
developed by the US Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Drinking Water (ODW), are not legal-
ly enforceable Federal standards and are subject to
change as new information becomes available. Health
Advisories are developed for One-day, Ten-day,
Longer-term and Lifetime exposures based on data
describing noncarcinogenic end points of toxicity.
Keywords: 'Triazine, 'Public health, 'Toxicity, 'Water
pollution, Potable water, Exposure, Humans, Risk, Car-
cinogens, Risk, Protection, Estimates, Periodic vari-
ations, Drinking water.
PB90-273541 /HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Army Medical Research and Development Command,
Fort Detrick, MD.
Health Advisory for Nitrocellulose. Final rept.
Environmental protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
25 Sep 87,34p
Sponsored by Army Medical Research and Develop-
ment Command, Fort Detrick, MD.
The Health Advisory (HA) provides information on the
health effects, analytical methodology and treatment
technology that would be useful in dealing with Nitro-
cellulose contamination of drinking water. Health Advi-
sories describe nonregulatory concentrations of drink-
ing water contaminants at which adverse health ef-
fects would not be anticipated to occur over specific
exposure durations. The HAs are not legally enforcea-
ble Federal standards and are subject to change as
new information becomes available. Health Advisories
are developed for One-day, Ten-day, Longer-term and
Lifetime exposures based on data describing noncar-
cinogenic end points of toxicity. For those substances
that are known or probable human carcinogens, ac-
cording to the EPA classification scheme, Lifetime
HAs are not recommended.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Toxicity, "Cellulose nitrate, 'Public health,
'Water pollution. Waste treatment. Exposure, Carcino-
gens, Risk, Concentration(Composition), Assess-
ments, Correlation, Chemical analysis, Physical prop-
erties, Explosives, Military facilities, Reviews, "Drink-
ing water, Celluloid.
PB90-273558/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Army Medical Research and Development Command,
Fort Detrick, MD,
Health Advisory for Trlnitroglycerol. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
25 Sep 87,78p
Sponsored by Army Medical Research and Develop-
ment Command, Fort Detrick, MD.
The Health Advisory (HA) provides information on the
health effects, analytical methodology and treatment
technology that would be useful in dealing with Trini-
troglycerol contamination of drinking water. Health
Advisories describe nonregulatory concentrations of
drinking water contaminants at which adverse health
effects would not be anticipated to occur over specific
exposure durations. The HAs, developed by the US
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Drinking
Water (ODW), are not legally enforceable Federal
standards and are subject to change as new informa-
tion becomes available. Health Advisories are devel-
oped for One-day, Ten-day, Longer-term and Lifetime
exposures based on data describing noncarcinogenic
end points of toxicity.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Public health,
Water treatment, Toxicity, Exposure, Time,
Concentration(Composition), Risk, Humans, Carcino-
gens, Standards, "Drinking water, "Trinitroglycerol.
PB90-273566/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Army Medical Research and Development Command,
Fort Detrick. MD.
Health Advisory on 2,4,6-Trlnltrotoluene. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
L. Gordon, and w. R. Hartley. Jan 89,113p
Sponsored by Army Medical Research and Develop-
ment Command, Fort Detrick, MD.
The Health Advisory (HA) provides information on the
health effects, analytical methodology and treatment
technology that would be useful in dealing with 2,4,6-
Trinitrotoluene (TNT) contamination of drinking water.
Health Advisories describe nonregulatory concentra-
tions of drinking water contaminants at which adverse
health effects would not be anticipated to occur over
specific exposure durations. The HAs, developed by
the US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of
Drinking Water (ODW), are not legally enforceable
Federal standards and are subject to change as new
information becomes available. Health Advisories are
developed for One-day, Ten-day, Longer-term and
Lifetime exposures based on data descnbing noncar-
cinogenic end points of toxicity.
Keywords: "Trinitrotoluene, "Hazardous materials,
"Public health, "Water treatment, Toxicity, Exposure,
Concentration(Composition), Risk, Humans, Carcino-
gens, Time, Standards, "Drinking water.
PB90-273574/HSU	PC A10/MF A02
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Assessment of Control Technologies for Reduc-
ing Emissions of S02 and NOx from Existing Coal-
Flred Utility Boilers. Final rept. Jan 87-Dec 89.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. M. White, and M. Maibodi. Sep 90,210p EPA/600/
7-90/018
Contract EPA-68-02-4286
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report reviews available information and estimat-
ed costs on 15 emission control technology categories
applicable to existing coal-fired electric utility boilers.
The categories include passive controls such as least
emission dispatching, conventional processes, and
emerging technologies still undergoing pilot scale and
commercial demonstration. The status of each tech-
nology is reviewed relative to four elements: Descnp-
tion-how the technology works; Applicability-its appli-
1686 Vol. 90, No. 24
cability to existing plants; Performance-the expected
emissions reduction; and Costs-the capital cost,
busbar cost, and cost per ton of S02 and NOx re-
moved. Costs are estimated for new and retrofit appli-
cations for various boiler sizes, operating characteris-
tics, fuel qualities, and boiler retrofit difficulties.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Sulfur dioxide, "Ni-
trogen oxides, Coal, Combustion products, Boilers,
Utilities, Cost effectiveness, Gasification, Coal prepa-
ration, Performance evaluation, After burning, Sor-
bents, Stationary pollutant sources, Flue gas desulfuri-
zation, Coal fired power plants, Air pollution abate-
ment, Technology utilization.
PB90-273707/HSU	PC A18/MF A03
Superfund Program Management Manual, Fiscal
Year 1991. Volume 1 and Volume 2. Directive.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Jun 90,411p EPA/9200.3-01 D
See also PB90-204199 and PB90-204207.
This directive illustrates the relationships among the
major Superfund management tools including identify-
ing program goals and priorities, translating priorities
into targets and measures that are planned and
tracked through the Superfund Comprehensive Ac-
complishments Plan (SCAP), allocating resources
through targets and measures, and evaluating SCAP
to determine whether program goals are being met.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Manuals, "Project
management, Management planning, Decision
making, Budgeting, Financial management, Site sur-
veys, TablesfData), Law enforcement, State govern-
ment, Performance evaluation, Work measurement,
Forms(Paper), "Superfund, "Waste management,
"Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Re-
medial design, Comprehensive planning, EPA regions,
Remedial action, Pollution regulations, Land pollution,
Hazardous materials spills, Remedial response.
PB90-273715/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
Update: Superfund Technical Assistance Grants.
Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Nov 89, 5p EPA/9200.5-209/FS
The fact sheet addresses the status of the Technical
Assistance Grant Program and amendments to Interim
Final Rule (IFR) which specifies requirements for ac-
cepting and evaluating applications as welt as award-
ing and managing TAGs.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, Grants, Financial
assistance, Cost analysis, "Superfund, "Technical As-
sistance Grant Program, "Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, "Waste management, "Reme-
dial action, Pollution regulations, National Priorities
List, Cleanup operations.
PB90-273723/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Preliminary Assessment Petition. Fact sheet
(Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Nov 88,7p EPA/9200.5-30/FS
The fact sheet provides public information on the Pre-
liminary Assessment (PA) petition process, defines a
PA, and describes the procedures for submitting a PA.
A sample petition format and EPA Regional addresses
and phone numbers are also provided.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, Management plan-
ning, Forms(Paper), State government, Decision
making, Public opinion, "Superfund, 'Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response, 'Waste manage-
ment, 'Preremedial actions, 'Petitions, Telephone di-
rectories, EPA regions, Public information, US EPA.
PB90-273731/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Responsiveness Summaries (Super-
fund Managsment Review: Recommendation
Number 43E). Directive (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
4 Jun 90,6p EPA/9230.0-06
The directive describes the background of responsive-
ness summaries and outlines a new format intended to
provide summaries that can deal thoroughly with com-
plicated legal and technical issues while maintaining
true responsiveness to local communities.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Public opinion, Rec-
ommendations, Management planning, Decision
making, "Superfund, 'Management review, 'Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, "Waste man-
agement, "Community relations, Administrative proce-
dures, Federal agencies, EPA regions, Pollution regu-
lations, Public relations, Potentially responsible par-
ties, Legal aspects.
PB90-273749/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Community Relations: Use of Senior Environmen-
tal Employees In Superfund (Superfund Manage-
ment Review: Recommendation 43.K.L). Directive
(Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
31 Aug 90,6p EPA/9230.0-09
The directive describes the use of Senior Environmen-
tal Employees in the Superfund program and offers
guidance on their future use.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Personnel, 'Elderly
persons, Management planning. Recommendations,
"Superfund, 'Community relations, "Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response, "Citizen participa-
tion, "Waste management, EPA regions, Technical As-
sistance Grant Program, Management review.
PB90-273756/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
Role of Community Interviews In the Develop-
ment of a Community Relations Program for Re-
medial Response. Directive (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
15 Jun 90, 5p EPA/9230.0-15
The directive offers guidance in response to recent
Regional Office questions regarding the community re-
lations interviews required by the National Contingen-
cy Plan.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Interviews, Guide-
lines, Management planning, "Superfund, 'Community
relations, "Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Re-
sponse, 'Waste management, 'Remedial response,
"Citizen participation, EPA regions, National Contin-
gency Plan, US EPA.
PB90-273764/H8U	PC A02/MF A01
Proposed Method to Evsiuate the Effectiveness
of Community Involvement In Superfund (Super-
fund Management Review: Recommendation
Number 43.A). Directive (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
18 Sep 90, 8p EPA/9230.0-19
The directive describes a proposed method for evalu-
ating how effectively EPA's Superfund Community In-
volvement program provides adequate and meaningful
opportunities for public participation in decisions made
at Superfund Sites.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, Decision making
Recommendations, Public opinion, 'Superfund,
'Waste management, 'Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, 'Community relations, 'Citizen
participation, US EPA, EPA regions.
PB90-273772/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund Technical Assistance Grants. Fact
sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Jan 90,9p EPA/9230.1-05/FS
See also PB90-194721.
The fact sheet provides background and basic infor-
mation on the Technical Assistance Grant (TAG) pro-
gram, which provides funds for qualified citizen's
groups to hire independent technical advisors to help
them understand and comment on technical factors in
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Grants, "Superfund,
•Technical Assistance Grant Program, 'Waste man-
agement, 'Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Re-
sponse, 'Remedial action, Cleanup operations, EPA
regions, Technology utilization.
PB90-273780/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
ARARs Q's and A's. Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
May 89,7p EPA/9234.2-01 /FS
The document is part of a series of fact sheets that
provide answers to questions that arose in developing
applicable or relevant and appropriate requirements
(ARARs) policies, training sessions, and in identifying
and complying with ARARs at specific sites. Re-
sponses covered in the fact sheet reflect current pro-
gram practice and include policies and language from
the proposed National Contingency Plan (NCP).
Keywords: 'Project management, 'Hazardous materi-
als, Requirements, *Office of Solid Waste and Emer-
gency Response, "Superfund, 'Remedial action, 'Re-
medial response, "Waste management, EPA regions,
Compliance, Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act, Clean Water Act, Safe Drinking Water Act, Nation-
al Contingency Plan, Pollution regulations.
PB90-273798/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
CERCLA Compliance with Other Laws Manual:
Overview of ARARs - Focus on ARAR Waivers.
Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Dec 89,8p EPA/9234.2-03/FS
The fact sheet summarizes Chapter I Part I of the
'CERCLA Compliance With Other Laws Manual: Part
I.1 The third in a series, the fact sheet provides an over-
view of Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Re-
quirements (ARARs) based on policies in proposed re-
visions to the National Contingency Plan (NCP).
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Project manage-
ment, Requirements, State government, "Superfund,
"Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
"Waste management, "Comprehensive Environmen-
tal Response Compensation and Liability Act, 'Reme-
dial action, Compliance, Pollution regulations, National
Contingency Plan.
PB90-273806/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
CERCLA Compliance with Other Laws Manual:
CERCLA Compliance with the CWA and SDWA.
Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Feb 90,10p EPA/9234.2-06/FS
The fact sheet provides a guide to Chapters 3 and 4 of
Part I of the 'CERCLA Compliance with Other Laws
Manual.' The sixth in a series, the fact sheet focuses
on CERCLA compliance with the Clean Water Act
(Chapter 3), and Safe Drinking Water Act (Chapter 4),
and discusses other statutes with provisions relevant
to surface water or drinking water.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Guidelines,
"Project management, Surface waters, Potable water,
Water pollution control, Site surveys, "Superfund,
"Waste management, "Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Pollution regulations, Stand-
ards compliance, Clean Water Act, Safe Drinking
Water Act, Water pollution standards, National Pollut-
ant Discharge Elimination System, State programs.
PB90-273814/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
ARAR's Q's and A's. Compliance with the Toxicity
Characteristics Rule. Part 1. Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
May 90,6p EPA/9234.2-08/FS
The document is a part of a series of fact sheets that
provide answers to questions that arose in developing
applicable or relevant and appropriate requirements
(ARARs) policies, training sessions, and in identifying
and complying with ARARs at specific sites. The sheet
addresses compliance with the recently promulgated
Toxicity Characteristics Rule (55 FR 11798, March 29,
1990).
Keywords: "Project management, "Hazardous materi-
als, "Toxicity, Guidelines, Requirements, Chemical
compounds, Site surveys, Standards, "Superfund,
"Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
"Waste management, "Remedial action, Compliance,
Record of Decision, Pollution regulations.
PB90-273822/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Approval of Long Term Contracting Strategy for
Superfund (Superfund Management Review: Rec-
ommendation E.2). Directive (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
31 Aug 90, 42p EPA/9242.6-07
The directive summarizes the issues, findings, analysis
and recommendations for the Superfund Long-Term
Contracting Strategy which was developed to analyze
the long-term contract needs of the Superfund Pro-
gram and to design a portfolio of Superfund contracts
to meet those needs over the next ten years.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Project manage-
ment, 'Contracts, Contract administration, Recom-
mendations, Management planning, Decision making,
Sites, Law enforcement, Substitutes, "Superfund,
"Management reviews, "Waste management, "Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Pollution
regulations, Long term effects, Cooperative agree-
ments, State implementation plans, Community rela-
tions, EPA regions, Preremedial actions, Remedial
action.
PB90-273830/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund.
Volume 1. Human Health Evaluation Manual. Part
A, April 1990. Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Apr 90,9p EPA/9285.7-01 /FS
See also PB90-155581.
The fact sheet designed to alert RPMs and other per-
sonnel to (1) new aspects of the Human Health Eval-
uation Manual (Part A), (2) the purpose and steps of
the baseline risk assessment, and (3) where additional
help can be obtained.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Public health,
"Guidelines, Toxicity, Site surveys, Revisions, Data
processing, Substitutes, Exposure, "Superfund,
"Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
"Waste management, "Risk assessment, Baseline
measurements, Preremedial actions, Remedial re-
sponse, Feasibility studies, EPA regions.
PB90-273848/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Guide to Developing Superfund Records of Deci-
sion. Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Nov 89,6p EPA/9335.3-02/FS-1
The fact sheet provides Record of Decision (ROD)
preparers with a quick reference to the essential ROD
components and Includes summaries of information
needed for the three major sections of a ROD, the
Declaration, the Decision Summary, and the Respon-
siveness Summary.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, "Guidelines,
Records management, Site surveys, Decision making,
Management planning, Substitutes, State government,
"Superfund, "Record of Decision, "Waste manage-
ment, "Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Re-
sponse, Remedial response, EPA regions, Feasibility
studies, Risk assessment, Community relations, Com-
pliance, Pollution regulations.
PB90-273855/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Qulde to Developing Superfund Proposed Plans.
Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Nov 89,6p EPA/9335.3-02/FS-2
The fact sheet outlines the major components of the
Superfund Proposed Plan and suggests effective ways
in which the various sections can be presented.
Keywords: "Guidelines, "Hazardous materials, Substi-
tutes, Performance evaluation, State government,
Public opinion, "Superfund, "Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, "Waste management, Feasibil-
ity studies, Remedial response, Risk assessment.
PB90-273863/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Guide to Selecting Superfund Remedial Actions.
Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Apr 90,9p EPA/9355.0-27/FS
The fact sheet describes the statutory requirements
for CERCLA remedies at hazardous waste sites and
the process EPA has established in the 1990 revised
National Contingency Plan (NCP) for meeting those re-
quirements. This process is a general framework for
reaching a judgement as to the most appropriate
method of achieving protection of human health and
the environment at a particular site.
Keywords: "Guidelines, "Hazardous materials, Site
surveys, Decision making, Management planning,
Substitutes, Cost effectiveness, Revisions, "Super-
fund, "Remedial action, "Waste management, 'Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, National
Contingency Plan, Environmental protection, Waste
storage, Long term effects, Record of Decision.
PB90-273871 /HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Guidance on Expediting Remedial Design and Re-
medial Action.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Aug 90, 57p EPA/9355.5-02, EPA/540/G-90/006
This document examines ways to expedite remedial
design and remedial action so that cleanup activities
can be completed more quickly. Intended for use by re-
medial project managers, remedial design contractors,
and others involved in planning remediation activities.
It should be used as a means to evaluate whether a
project is suited for expediting and to determine the
methods that could be used.
Keywords: "Guidelines, "Hazardous materials, Project
management, Management planning, Contractors,
Contracts, Specifications, Decision making, Coordinat-
ed procurement, Sites, "Superfund, "Remedial de-
signs, "Remedial action, "Waste management, Clean-
up operations, Site Enforcement Tracking System, Ad-
ministrative procurement.
PB90-273889/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
USACE Praplaced and Rapid Response Contracts.
Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Dec 89,6p EPA/9355.5-05/FS
The fact sheet describes the Preplaced Remedial
Action (PRA) and Rapid Response (RR) programs and
contracts. It includes an overview of the contract proc-
esses, the roles and responsibilities of USACE and
EPA, and resource and contract management.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Project manage-
ment, "Contract administration, "Superfund, "Remedi-
al action, "Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Re-
sponse, "Waste management, Army Corps of Engi-
neers, Remedial response, US EPA, Potentially re-
sponsible parties, Administrative procedures, Remedi-
al designs, Contract management.
PB90-273897/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
EPA/USACE Payment Process: Direct Cite/Re-
vised Reimbursement Methods. Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
May 90,7p EPA/9355.5-14/FS
The fact sheet announces a new procedure for paying
the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for their Superfund
related activities, it describes the current procedure
and outlines the changes the Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Office of the Comptroller, Office
of Administration and USACE are implementing.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Salary administra-
tion, Payment, Budgeting, Contractors, 'Superfund,
'Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
"Army Corps of Engineers, "Waste management, *Re-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
imbursements, Administrative procedures, US EPA,
Interagency cooperation, EPA regions.
PB90-273905/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Use of Expanded Removal Authority to Address
NPL and Proposed NPL Sites. Directive (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
7 Feb 87,6p EPA/9360.0-14
The directive evaluates NPL and Proposed NPL sites
to determine if the expanded removal authority in
SARA can be used to clean up, or substantially clean
up, these sites.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Law enforcement,
Site surveys, 'Superfund, 'Waste management,
•Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
'Remedial action, 'National Priorities List, Cleanup
operations, EPA regions, National Contingency Plan,
Pollution regulations, Remedial response.
PB90-273913/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Guidance for Conducting Federal-Lead Under-
ground Storage Tank Corrective Actions. Directive
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
25 Jul 89, 73p EPA/9360.0-16A
The directive supercedes the interim guidance issued
6/4/87 on procedures for conducting Federal-lead
corrective actions for petroleum leaks from under-
ground storage tanks.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Guidelines, 'Stor-
age tanks, 'Petroleum products, 'Underground stor-
age. 'Leakage, State government, Cost analysis,
Cleanup operations, 'Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, 'Remedial action, EPA re-
gions, Pollution regulations, Oil pollution, Land pollu-
tion control.
PB90-273921/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Guidance on Non-NPL Removal Actions Involving
Nationally Significant or Precedent-Setting
Issues. Directive (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Mar 89, 12p EPA/9360.0-19
The directive provides guidance for identifying non-
NPS removal actions that may be nationally significant
or precedent-setting and establishes procedures for
requesting Headquarters concurrence. It outlines pro-
cedural requirements for five categories of removals
which are of special interest from a national perspec-
tive, but which are not subject to Headquarters concur-
rence requirement for nationally significant or prece-
dent-setting-removals.
Keywords: 'Guidelines, 'Hazardous materials, Radio-
active materials, Mining, 'Administrative procedures,
'Superfund, 'Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, 'Remedial action, 'Waste management,
Federal agencies, EPA regions, Pollution regulations,
Businesses, Emergency plans, Remedial response.
PB90-273939/HSU	PC A02/MF AOt
State and Local Involvement in the Superfund
Program. Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
1989,7p EPA/9375.5-01/FS
The fact sheet provides an overview of CERCLA, the
Superfund process, and future directions of the Super-
fund program. The document also describes how state
and locaT governments can get involved in the Super-
fund program, mechanisms to ensure state and local
involvement, the role of political subdivisions, the role
of Indian tribes, and the role of local governments.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, State government,
Local government, Site surveys, 'Superfund, Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Remedial
action, 'Waste management, Indians, Pollution regula-
tions.
1688 Vol. 90, No. 24
PB90-273947/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
Indian Tribal Involvement In the Superfund Pro-
gram. Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
1989, 5p EPA/9375.5-02/FS
The fact sheet describes the specific requirements of
CERCLA and the National Oil and Hazardous Sub-
stances Pollution Contingency Plan for Indian Tribal in-
volvement in the Superfund program.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Superfund, 'Office
of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, 'Waste
management, 'Indians, US EPA, Pollution regulations,
National Contingency Plan, Comprehensive Environ-
mental Response Compensation and Liability Act,
Funds, Cooperative programs.
PB90-273954/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
Political Subdivision Involvement in Superfund.
Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Apr 90, 4p EPA/9387.5-03/FS
The fact sheet provides guidance to Regions, States
and political subdivisions on the designation of a politi-
cal subdivision as the lead agency for remedial re-
sponse under CERCLA.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Guidelines, Local
government, State government, Cost analysis, 'Super-
fund, "Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Re-
sponse, 'Waste management, 'Remedial response,
EPA regions, Cost recovery, Pollution regulations, US
EPA.
PB90-273962/HSU	PC A01 /MF A01
Treatability Studies Contractor Work Assign-
ments. Directive (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
12 Jul 90, 4p EPA/9380.3-01
The directive requires all future remedial and removal
work assignments involving treatability studies to con-
tain a provision requiring the contract or to provide the
Agency's Superfund Data Base with a copy of the work
products.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
Management planning, Substitutes, Contractors, Per-
formance evaluation, 'Superfund, 'Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response, 'Waste manage-
ment, US EPA, Remedial action, EPA regions.
PB90-273970/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Treatability Studies Under CERCLA: An Overview.
Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Dec 89, 8p EPA/9380.3-02/FS
The fact sheet provides a synopsis of information to fa-
cilitate the planning and execution of treatability stud-
ies in support of the RI/FS and the RD/RA processes.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
Field tests, Experimental design, Financial manage-
ment, Reviews, 'Superfund, Waste management,
'Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
'Comprehensive Environmental Response Compen-
sation and Liability Act, Remedial action, Remedial de-
signs, Feasibility studies, Record of Decision, Technol-
ogy utilization.
PB90-274077/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Identification of Candidate Houses for the North
Florida Portion of the Florida Radon Mitigation
Project. Final rept. Oct 87-May 88.
Florida Univ., Gainesville. Dept. of Nuclear Engineer-
ing Sciences.
G. S. Roessler, D. E. Hintenlang, C. E. Roessler, and
R. A. Furman. Sep 90,149p EPA/600/8-90/070
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of a study to locate candidate
houses for a proposed radon mitigation research and
demonstration project in North Florida. The effort in-
volved: identification of target geographical areas,
radon monitoring in identified clusters, and house
characterization. Selection of target areas with a po-
tential for elevated indoor radon started with a review
of a statewide radiation study completed in 1987 and
examination of the local geographic pattern observed
in a 1986-87 pilot study of the Gainesville area. This
effort indicated that North Florida target areas could
be selected on the basis of the near-surface occur-
rence of the Hawthorn geological formation. Volunteer
houses for radon monitoring in Alachua and Marion
counties were obtained by announcing the study in
newspaper articles. Screening measurements were
made in about 400 target area houses according to
EPA protocols using a vendor-supplied charcoal col-
lector method. Results were similar in the two coun-
ties, and distributions were similar in both slab and
crawl-space houses.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Houses, 'Residential buildings.
Geology, Radiation hazards, Environmental surveys,
Air pollution control, Questionnaires, 'Northern
Region(Florida), 'Indoor air pollution, Radiation moni-
toring, Stationary sources.
PB9G-274085/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Literature Review of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
from Biogenic Sources. Final rept.
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC.
D. Campbell, M. Stockton, S. Buchanan. J. McLean,
and R. Pandullo. Sep 90, 73p EPA/600/8-90/071
Contract EPA-68-02-4288
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Re-
search Triangle Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering
Research Lab.
The report gives results of a literature review of esti-
mates of biogenic emissions of five greenhouse gases:
C02, CH4, N20, and NOx. Review results include data
and information from about 170 sources published
over the past 10 years. The report's two sections cover
greenhouse gases containing (1) carbon and (2) nitro-
gen. Within each section, emissions estimates are
grouped by type of source or sink in a series of tables.
First, emission factors are given as a rate in units of
mass per unit area per unit time (e.g., kg/ha/yr),
except for NOx and N20 produced by lightning.
Second, budget estimates are provided in units of
mass per unit of time (e.g., g/yr). Finally, a few authors
provided reservoir estimates in units of mass per land
area (e.g., kg/sq m); these represent the potential
amount of a greenhouse gas that is stored in a specific
ecosystem or type of biota. Other data presented in
the report are specific to the gas or source and are
used to calculate a total budget estimate (e.g., land es-
timates for CH4 emitted from rice paddies).
Keywords: 'Reviews, 'Gases, "Air pollution, 'Bio-
mass, Carbon dioxide, Methane, Nitrogen oxides,
Tables(Data), Plants(Botany), Point sources, 'Green-
house effect, Sinks(Biosphere).
PB90-274093/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Compendium of Technologies Used In the Treat-
ment of Hazardous Wastes.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
C. A. Clemons. Sep 87,55p* EPA/625/8-87/014
The document is intended to serve as an introduction
to technologies which can be used in the treatment of
hazardous wastes. While the contents of this doaj-
ment are not exhaustive, it is believed that most treat-
ment processes are discussed. Each technology dis-
cussion includes a description of the basis of the tech-
nology, a brief discussion of the applicability and limita-
tions of that technology, the status of the technology, a
non-exhaustive listing of vendors, suppliers or devel-
opers and when appropriate, a process diagram for a
typical application of that technology. Furthermore, for
many of the technologies, a tabular listing of specific
data needed by an engineer designing a treatment
system is Included. Technologies are categorized on
the basis of whether they are considered physical
treatment, chemical treatment, biological treatment
thermal treatment (Incineration) or stabilization/fixa-
tion.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
"Technology utilization, Physical chemical treatment,
Chemical treatment, Biological treatment, Encapsulat-
ing, Physical treatment, Incineration, Waste forms.
PB90-274101/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Center for Environmental Research Information.
Emission Control Technologies and Emission.
Factors for unpaved Road Fugitive EmiMlons.
User's Guide.
JACA Corp., Fort Washington, PA.
M. Fitzpatrick. Sep 87,56p EPA/625/5-87/022
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency, Cin-
cinnati, OH. Center for Environmental Research Infor-
mation.
During the past decade, research has shown that par-
ticulate emissions from open sources such as unpaved
roads contribute significantly to ambient particulate
matter concentrations In many areas. The current EPA
emission trading policy, commonly called the bubble
policy, allows excessive emissions from one source to
be onset by improved control of another source within
the same plant. In implementing the bubble policy,
some plants have agreed to reduce fugitive dust emis-
sions in lieu of tighter controls on process emissions.
The document has been prepared to assist control
agency personnel in evaluating unpaved road fugitive
emissions control plans and to assist industry person-
nel in the development of effective control strategies
for unpaved roads. The document describes control
techniques for reducing unpaved road emissions,
methods for quantifying or estimating emissions gen-
eration, and provides data for estimating the efficiency
of the performance of various control technologies. Al-
though fugitive particulate emissions can be reduced
by reducing the extent of the source, the document fo-
cuses on the use of 'add-on' controls which do not
affect the size or throughput of the source.
Keywords: 'Guidelines, 'Dust control, "Roads, Air pol-
lution control, Performance evaluation, Particles,
Study estimates, Chemical stabilization, Cost effec-
tiveness, Cost analysis, Numerical analysis, 'Emission
factors, 'Fugitive emissions, Source reduction, Tech-
nology utilization, Wet methods, Physical treatment,
Emission inventories.
PB90-274119/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Radon-Resistant Residential New Construction.
Rept. for Mar-Jun 88.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
M. C. Osborne. Jul 88,84p EPA/600/8-88/087
Also pub. as Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park,
NC. rept. no. DCN-88-239-004-22-01. Prepared in co-
operation with Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park,
NC.
The manual provides builders and potential new house
buyers with a broader selection and explanation ot
techniques that are expected to be effective in reduc-
ing the potential for elevated radon levels in the house.
In addition, legislators, regulators, and residential code
writers may cnoose to evaluate these radon-resistant
construction technologies for potential application to
or modification of existing regulations or codes appli-
cable to residential construction. Three approaches to
resolving the radon problem in the construction of new
houses are to: (1) prevent radon entry by using barrier
methods, (2) reduce the radon entry driving forces,
and (3) divert the radon from the house through sub-
slab ventilation. Radon entry routes of concern in new
construction are the same as those that have previ-
ously been Identified for existing houses. Figures pro-
vided in the report depict the major radon entry routes
for simple basement, slab-on-grade, and crawl-space
houses, expensive control measures may be justified if
they serve multiple purposes, such as combining
radon control with water control or eliminating the
need for constantly operating a mechanical control
system through a high initial cost.
Keywords: 'Radon, 'Residential buildings, 'Ventila-
tion, 'Design criteria, Concrete slabs, construction,
Sealing, Barriers, 'Indoor air pollution, 'Pollution con-
trol.
PB90-274127/HSU	PC A21/MF A03
Technology Evaluation Report CHEMFIX Technol-
ogies, Inc., Solidification/Stabilization Process,
Clackamas, Oregon. Volume 2.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
E. F. Barth. Sep 90,485p EPA/540/5-89/011B
The project is a field demonstration under the Super-
fund Innovative Technology Evaluation program and
designed to analyze the Chemfix Technologies, Inc.
solidification/stabilization technology. The technology
uses a proprietary mixture of silicate and cementious
reagents to solidify and stabilize the wastes. The tech-
nology demonstration took place at a former recycling
facility in Clackamas, Oregon. The wastes consisted
primarily of lead, copper, and polychlorinated biphen-
yls. The demonstration effort was directed at obtaining
information on the performance and cost of the tech-
nology for assessing its use at this as well as other un-
controlled hazardous waste sites. Documentation con-
sists of the report that describes the field activities and
laboratory results, provides an interpretation of the
data, and discusses the potential applicability of the
technology.
Keywords: 'Waste treatment, 'Solidification, 'Chemi-
cal stabilization, Quality assurance, Tables(Data),
Field tests, Copper, Lead(Metal), Quality control,
Concentration(Composition), Silicate cements, 'Land
pollution control, CHEMFIX process, 'Superfund,
Clackamas(Oregon), Polychlorinated biphenyls.
PB90-274135/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
Modification of Methods 9030 and 9031 for the
Analysis of Sulfide by Specific Ion Electrode.
Lockheed Engineering and Sciences Co., Inc., Las
Vegas, NV.
D. C. Hillman, and P. Nowinski. Oct 90,60p EPA/600/
4-90/024
Contract EPA-68-03-3249
Sponsored by Environmental Monitoring Systems
Lab., Las Vegas, NV.
Two OSW SW-846 methods used for the determina-
tion of sulfide have been modified to include the use of
sulfide specific ion electrodes (SIE). Currently in both
methods sulfide is converted to hydrogen sulfide and
distilled into a scrubber solution for subsequent deter-
mination by iodometric titration. In the modified meth-
ods, the hydrogen sulfide in the scrubber is determined
by sulfide SIE. A single lab evaluation was performed
to determine the operating characteristics. The sulfide
SIE is linear over the range 0.25-6000 mg/L sulfide
with a detection limit is about 0.2 mg/L sulfide. Over
the range 5-6000 mg/L, the relative precision of the
SIE is 2-4 percent. The accuracy (expressed as per-
cent recovery) over the range 0.25-6000 mg/L varies
from 75-103 percent. The sulfide SIE is very selective
for the sulfide dianion and in the scrubber solution,
there are no interferences. Recoveries in real samples
spiked with 17.6 mg/L sulfide varied from 68-77 per-
cent before distillation and 93-98 percent after distilla-
tion. The results from the evaluation indicate that the
sulfide SIE provides an alternate technique to deter-
mine sulfide in environmental samples after distillation.
Keywords: Hydrogen sulfide, Chemical analysis, Preci-
sion, Accuracy, Experimental design, Chemical reac-
tions, Electrochemistry, Precipitation(Chemistry),
Scrubbers, 'Ion selective electrode analysis, 'Liquid
wastes, 'Sulfides, 'Solid wastes, EPA method 9031,
EPA method 9030, Soil contamination, Laboratory
tests.
PB90-274184/HSU	PC A01/MF AOI
Innovative Technology: Soil Washing. Fact sheet
(Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Nov 89,5p EPA/9200.5-250/ FS
The fact sheet provides technology description, site
characteristics affecting treatment feasibility, technol-
ogy considerations, and technology status for soil
washing. The fact sheet describes how soil washing
can be potentially beneficial in the separation/segre-
gation and volumetric reduction of hazardous materi-
als in solids, sludges, and sediments.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Decontamination,
Technology Innovation, Technology assessment,
Waste treatment, Site surveys, Feasibility, Perform-
ance evaluation, Separation, Sediments, Sludge dis-
posal, Process charting, Dewatering, Portable equip-
ment, Washing, 'Superfund, 'Waste management,
"Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response,
'Soil treatment. Cleanup operations, Remedial action.
PB90-274192/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
Innovative Technology: In-sltu Vitrification. Fact
sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Nov 89, 5p EPA/9200.5-251/FS
The fact sheet provides technology description, site
characteristics affecting treatment feasibility, technol-
ogy considerations, and technology status for In-Situ
Vitrification (ISV). The sheet describes how ISV can be
used to treat soils and sludges contaminated with mix-
tures of various waste types (e.g. radioactive, inorganic
and/or organic).
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Vitrification, Waste
treatment, Site surveys, Feasibility, Radioactive mate-
rials, Organic compounds, Inorganic compounds,
Technology innovation, Technology assessment, 'Su-
perfund, 'waste management, 'Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, *ln-situ processing, Soil
treatment, Sludge treatment, Remedial action.
PB90-274200/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
Innovative Technology: Slurry-Phase Blodegrada-
tlon. Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Nov 89,5p EPA/9200.5-252/FS
The fact sheet provides technology description, site
characteristics affecting treatment feasibility, technol-
ogy considerations, and technology status for Slurry
Pnase Biodegradation (SPB). The sheet describes
how SPB is potentially effective in treating various or-
ganic contaminants.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Biodeterioration,
'Slurries, 'Waste treatment, Site surveys, Organic
compounds, Aeration, Process charting, Microorga-
nisms, Technology assessment, Technology innova-
tion, 'Superfund, 'Waste management, 'Office of
Solid Waste and Emergen^ Response, 'Remedial
action, Feasibility studies, Soil contamination.
PB90-274218/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
Innovative Technology: BEST Solvent Extraction
Process. Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Nov 89,5p EPA/9200.5-253/FS
The fact sheet provides technology description, site
characteristics affecting treatment feasibility, technol-
ogy considerations, and technology status for the
BEST solvent extraction process. The sheet describes
the BEST process as using one or more secondary or
tertiary amines to separate toxic wastes and oils from
sludges or soils.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Solvent extraction,
Technology assessment, Technology innovation,
Waste treatment, Site surveys, Performance evalua-
tion. Separation, Amines, Feasibility, 'Superfund,
'Waste management, 'Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, 'Best technology, Soil treat-
ment, Land pollution, Sludge treatment, Remedial
action.
PB90-274226/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
Innovative Technology: Glycolate Dehalogena-
tlon. Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Nov 89,5p EPA/9200.5-254/FS
The fact sheet provides technology description, site
characteristics affecting treatment feasibility, technol-
ogy considerations, and technology status for Glyco-
late Dehalogenation. The sheet describes the process
as being potentially effective in detoxifying specific
types of aromatic organic contaminants, particularly
dioxins and PCBs.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Waste treatment,
Process charting, Pesticides, Technology innovation,
Technology assessment, 'Superfund, Waste man-
agement, 'Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Re-
sponse, 'Dehalogenation, "Glycolic acid, Dioxins, Pol-
ychlorinated biphenyls, Soil treatment, Remedial
action.
PBB0-274234/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Reimbursement to Local Governments for Emer-
gency Response to Hazardous Substance Re-
leases. Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Nov 89,6p EPA/9225.3-01 /FS
The fact sheet provides a summary of the require-
ments and procedures set forth in Section 123 of the
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of
1986. This law authorizes the EPA to reimburse local
governments for expenses incurred in carrying out
temporary emergency measures in response to haz-
ardous substance threats.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Local government,
Management planning, Cost analysis, 'Superfund,
•Waste management, 'Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, 'Emergency plans, 'Reim-
bursements, Hazardous materials spills, Pollution reg-
ulations, Cost recovery, Remedial action.
PB90-274242/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
CERCLA Compliance with Other Laws Manual:
Guide to Manual. Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Sep 89, 4p EPA/9234.2-02/FS
See also PB90-148461 and PB90-272535.
The document serves as a guide to the use of the
¦CERCLA Compliance with Other Laws Manual.'
Second in a series,, the Fact Sheet discusses imple-
mentation of Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate
Requirements (ARARs) provisions in the proposed re-
visions to the National Contingency Plan (NCP).
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Guidelines,
Project management, Requirements, State govern-
ment, Water pollution, "Superfund, 'Waste manage-
ment, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Re-
sponse, Comprehensive Environmental Response
Compensation and Liability Act, Compliance, Pollution
regulations, Standards compliance, Remedial action.
PB90-274259/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
CERCLA Compliance with Other Laws Manual:
RCRA ARARS-Focus on Closure Requirements.
Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Oct 89,9p EPA/9234.2-04/FS
See also PB90-273798.
The document serves as a guide to the use of the
'CERCLA Compliance with Other Laws Manual: Parts I
and II.' The fourth in a series, the Fact Sheet address-
es compliance with Subtitle C of the Resource Conser-
vation and Recovery Act (RCRA), as amended by the
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984,
with a focus on the RCRA Subtitle C disclosure re-
quirements.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Project manage-
ment, Guidelines, Requirements, State government,
Sites, Waste disposal, 'Superfund, 'Waste manage-
ment, 'Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Re-
sponse, 'Resource Conservation and Recovery Act,
Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensa-
tion and Liability Act, National Contingency Plan, Pollu-
tion regulations, Closures, Land disposal.
PB90-274267/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
ARARS Q's and A's: Compliance with Federal
Water Quality Criteria. Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Jun 90,11p EPA/9234,2-09/FS
See also PB90-273780.
The document is part of a series of fact sheets that
provide answers to questions that arose in developing
applicable or relevant and appropriate requirements
(ARARs) policies, training sessions, and in identifying
and complying with ARARs at specific sites. The sheet
addresses compliance with Federal Water Quality Cri-
teria as ARARs.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Project manage-
ment, "Water quality, Requirements, Tables(Data),
Concentration(Composition), Public health, State gov-
ernment, Management planning, 'Superfund, "Waste
management, 'Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Biological effects, Water pollution stand-
ards, Standards compliance, Land pollution control,
Cleanup operations, Aquatic ecosystems, EPA re-
gions.
PB90-274275/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Long-Term Contracting Strategy for Superfund.
Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Sep 90,6p EPA/9242.6-07/FS
The fact sheet provides a summary of the Superfund
Long-Term Contracting Strategy which was developed
to analyze the long-term contract needs of the Super-
fund program.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Project manage-
ment, 'Contracts, Contract administration, Manage-
ment planning, Site surveys. Waste disposal, 'Super-
fund, Waste management, 'Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, Long term effects, Remedial
action, Cleanup operations, State implementation
plans, Preremedial actions, Hazardous materials trans-
portation.
PB90-274283/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Asbestos Assessment Manual. Su-
perfund Method for the Determination of Asbes-
tos In Ambient Air. Part 1. Method. Directive (Inter-
im).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
May 90,121 p EPA/540/2-90/005A, EPA/9285.5-02-1
See also Part 2, PB90-274291.
The report provides a sampling and analysis method
for the determination of asbestos in the air to provide
results suitable for supporting risk assessments at Su-
perfund sites. Part 2 presents the technical back-
ground and considerations addressed during the de-
velopment of the method.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, 'Hazardous materials, 'Air pol-
lution, Manuals, Test methods. Assessments, Sensitiv-
ity, Filters, Cost analysis, Detection, Performance eval-
uation, Preparation, Sampling, Equipment, Pumps,
Electron microscopes, X ray analysis. Vacuum equip-
ment, 'Superfund.
PB90-274291/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Asbestos Assessment Manual. Su-
perfund Method for the Determination of Asbes-
tos In Ambient Air. Part 2. Technical Background
Document Directive (Interim).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
May 90,106p EPA/540/2-90/005B, EPA/9285.5-02-2
See also Part 1, PB90-274283.
The report provides a sampling and analysis method
for the determination of asbestos in the air to provide
results suitable for supporting risk assessments at Su-
perfund sites. Part 1 presents the method to be used.
Keywords: 'Asbestos, "Hazardous materials, "Chemi-
cal analysis, 'Air pollution, Manuals, Risk, Assess-
ments, Public health, Sensitivity, Humans, Statistical
analysis, Sampling, Amphiboles, Crocidolite,
Concentration(Composition), Confidence limits, Fil-
ters, Removal, Requirements, 'Superfund.
PB90-274309/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Inauguration of the On-Slte Coordinator (OSC)/
Remedial Project Manager (RPM) Program. Direc-
tive (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
3 Feb 89,6p EPA/9285.9-01
The directive announces the commencement of sever-
al principal components of the OSC/RPM support pro-
gram and solicits estimates of participants for the first
class of the OSC/RPM Basic Training Academy.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Management train-
ing, Personnel, Project management, Education, 'Su-
perfund, "Waste management, "Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, EPA regions, Job training.
PB90-274317/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Interim RCRA/CERCLA Guidance on Non-Contlg-
uous Sites and On-Slte Management on Waste
and Treatment Residue. Directive (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
27 Mar 86,11p EPA/9347.0-01
The directive presents interim guidance with respect to
combined treatment of CERCLA waste from non-con-
tiguous locations; on-site disposal of treatment resi-
due; limitations on construction of hazardous waste in-
cinerators for on-site CERCLA use, and off-site treat-
ment of waste and redisposal on site.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, 'Guidelines,
'Project management, 'Waste treatment, Site sur-
veys, Incinerators, Management planning, Cost analy-
sis, Decision making, "Superfund, "Onice of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response, "Waste manage-
ment, "Remedial action, Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act, Standards compliance, Pollution regula-
tions, EPA regions.
PB90-274325/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund LDR Guide No. 1: Overview of RCRA
Land Disposal Restrictions (LDRs). Fact sheet
(Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Jul 89, 7p EPA/9347.3-01 /FS
The fact sheet summarizes the major components of
the LDR, outlines the types of restrictions imposed,
and presents the compliance options specified in the
regulation.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Guidelines, Waste
treatment, Sites, Standards, Soil surveys, "Superfund,
"Waste management, "Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, 'Land disposal, 'Remedial
action, Pollution regulations, Listings, Compliance, Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act, Debris.
PB90-274333/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
Superfund LDR Guide No. 2: Complying with the
California List Restrictions under Land Disposal
Restrictions (LDRs). Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Jul 89,5p EPA/9347.3-02/FS
The fact sheet defines the California list of wastes,
summarizes their respective restrictions, and dis-
cusses their potential to overlap with other LDR treat-
ment standards.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Guidelines, Califor-
nia, Waste treatment, Sites, Standards, 'Superfund,
'Waste management, 'Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, 'Land disposal, 'Remedial
action, Pollution regulations, Listings, Compliance, Re-
source Conservation and Recovery Act, Incineration.
PB90-274341/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund LDR Guide No. 3: Treatment Standards
and Minimum Technology Requirements under
Land Disposal Restrictions (LDRS). Fact sheet
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Jul 89,7p EPA/9347.3-03/FS
The fact sheet summarizes the types and effective
dates of treatment standards, and outlines procedures
for compliance with the treatment standards and mini-
mum technology requirements set during national ca-
pacity extensions.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Guidelines, 'Waste
treatment, Standards, Concentration(Composition)
'Superfund, 'Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, 'Land disposal, 'Waste management
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
State programs. Pollution regulations, Remedial
action, Standards compliance, EPA regions, Technolo-
gy utilization, Best technology, Land pollution.
PBB0-274358/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund LDR Guide No. 4: Complying with the
Hammer Restrictions under Land Disposal Re-
strictions (LDRs). Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Jul 89, 7p EP A/9347.3-04/FS
The fact sheet discusses compliance with Land Dis-
posal Restriction soft hammer and hard hammer provi-
sions, which are restrictions on the disposal of hazard-
ous wastes if EPA does not promulgate standards by
relevant statutory deadlines.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Guidelines, Waste
treatment, Sites, Management planning, Waste dis-
posal, "Superfund, 'Waste management. 'Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, 'Remedial
action, 'Land disposal, Pollution regulations, Compli-
ance, Notices.
PB90-274366/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Superfund LDR Qulde No. 5: Determining When
Land Disposal Restrictions (LDRs) Are 'Applica-
ble' to CERCLA Response Actions. Fact sheet
(Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Jul 89, 7p EPA/9347.3-05/FS
The fact sheet outlines the process used to determine
whether the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA) LDRs established under the Hazardous Waste
and Solid Waste Amendments are 'applicable' to
CERCLA response actions.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Guidelines, 'Su-
perfund, 'Waste management, 'Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, 'Remedial response,
'Land disposal, Resource Conservation and Recovery
Act, Comprehensive Environmental Response Com-
pensation and Liability Act, Compliance, Pollution reg-
ulations.
PB90-274374/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Qulde to Delisting of RCRA Wastes for Superfund
Remedial Responses. Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Sep 90,9p EPA/9347.3-09/FS
The fact sheet discusses the circumstances under
which delisting wastes may be appropriate, and the
procedures for delisting a Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act (RCRA) hazardous waste as part of a
Superfund remedial response.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Guidelines, Man-
agement planning, Decision making, Sites,
Concentration(Composition), 'Superfund, 'Waste
management, 'Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, 'Remedial response, Pollution regulations,
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Compli-
ance, Listings.
PB90-274382/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Use of Removal Approaches to Speed Up Reme-
dial Action Projects. Directive (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
7 Jul 89,10p EPA/9355.0-25A
The directive defines the basic requirements to be met
when a Region chooses to use removal authorities and
contracting methods to speed up remedial projects on
National Priorities List (NPL) sites where surface
cleanups may result in a total site cleanup or comple-
tion of a major portion of the site.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Decision making,
Contract terms, Management planning, Sites, Contrac-
tors, 'Superfund, 'Waste management, 'Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, 'Remedial
action, EPA regions, National Priorities List, Cleanup
operations.
PB90-274390/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Getting Ready: Scoping the RI/FS. Fact sheet
(Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Nov 89, 9p EPA/9355.3-01/FS1
The fact sheet summarizes Chapter Two of 'Interim
Final Guidance for Conducting Remedial Investiga-
tions and Feasibility Studies Under CERCLA.' The
Fact Sheet also provides information on how to
manage the scoping phase of the RI/FS process.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Project manage-
ment, Substitutes, Decision making. Mathematical
models, Cost analysis, "Superfund, Waste manage-
ment, 'Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Re-
sponse, 'Remedial action, Comprehensive Environ-
mental Response Compensation and Liability Act,
Feasibility studies, Pollution regulations, Community
relations.
PB90-274408/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Remedial investigation: Site Characterization and
Treatability Studies. Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Nov 89, 7p EPA/9355.3-01 /FS
The fact sheet summarizes Chapters 3 and 5 of the 'In-
terim Final Guidance for Conducting Remedial Investi-
gations and Feasibility Studies Under CERCLA.' The
document also discusses site characteristics and
treatability studies, and includes information on how to
manage these aspects of the Rl.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste treatment,
Site surveys, Field tests, Data processing, Manage-
ment planning, Substitutes, 'Superfund, 'Waste man-
agement, 'Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Re-
sponse, 'Remedial action, Pollution regulations, Fea-
sibility studies.
PB90-274416/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Feasibility Study: Development and Screening of
Remedial Action Alternatives. Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Nov 89,7p EPA/9355.3-01 /FS-3
See also PB90-272675.
The fact sheet provides a summary of Chapter 4 of the
'Interim Final Guidance for Conducting Remedial In-
vestigations and Feasibility Studies Under CERCLA'
which discusses the development and screening of al-
ternatives for Remedial Action. The fact sheet also
provides information intended to assist the Remedial
Project Manager in managing this portion of the Feasi-
bility Study efficiently and effectively.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, Site surveys, Substi-
tutes, State government, Performance evaluation, De-
cision making, Management planning, 'Superfund,
'Waste management, 'Office of Solid Waste and
Emergency Response, 'Remedial action, Comprehen-
sive Environmental Response Compensation and Li-
ability Act, Feasibility studies.
PBS0-274424/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Streamlining the RI/FS for CERCLA Municipal
Landfill Sites. Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Sep 90,7p EPA/9355.3-11 /FS
The fact sheet discusses streamlining the RI/FS for
municipal landfills with respect to site characterization,
risk assessment, and the development of remedial
action alternatives. Streamlining is possible since ap-
proximately 20% of the sites on the NPL are municipal
landfills which typically share similar characteristics.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Earth fills, Site sur-
veys, Waste disposal, Substitutes, Field tests, Water
pollution, 'Superfund, 'Waste management, 'Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, 'Remedial
action, Risk assessment, Municipal wastes, Feasibility
studies, Land pollution, Environmental transport,
Technology utilization.
PB90-274432/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Guide on Remedial Actions at Superfund Sites
with PCB Contamination. Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Aug 90,8p EPA/9355.4-01 /FS
The fact sheet summarizes pertinent considerations in
the development, evaluation, and selection of remedial
actions at Superfund sites with PCB contamination. It
provides a general framework for determining cleanup
levels, identifying treatment options, and assessing
necessary management controls for residuals.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Guidelines, Sites,
Management planning, Waste treatment, Decision
making, Substitutes, Ground water, Sediments, 'Su-
perfund, 'Waste management, 'Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, "Remedial action, "Poly-
chlorinated biphenyls, Cleanup operations, Pollution
regulations, Water pollution standards, Standards
compliance, Land pollution, Soil treatment.
PB90-274440/HSU	PC A25
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Evaluation of Ground-Water Extraction Remedies.
Volume 2. Case Studies 1-19. Interim rept. (Final).
CH2M Hill Southeast, Inc., Reston, VA.
Oct 89,599p EPA/540/2-89/054B,, EPA/9355.4-03-
VOL-2
Contract EPA-68-W8-0098
See also PB90-183583 and Volume 3, PB90-
274457.Portions of this document are not fully legible.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC. Office of Emergency and Remedial
Response.
The volume was prepared as part of an evaluation of
ground-water extraction remedies completed under
tPA Contract No. 68-W8-0098. It presents 19 case
studies of individual sites where ground-water extrac-
tion systems have been implemented. The case stud-
ies present site characteristics and discuss factors that
have influenced the success of the remedial activities.
Keywords: "Ground water, "Hazardous materials,
'United States, "Extraction, "Waste treatment, Sites,
Electroplating, Metals, Hydroxides, Hydrogeology,
Overburden, Evaluation, Organic compounds, Florida,
Washington(State), Earthfills, "Superfund, Volatile or-
ganic compounds, Remedial action, Case studies.
PB90-274457/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Evaluation of Ground-Water Extraction Remedies.
Volume 3. General Site Data: Data Base Reports.
Interim rept. (Final).
CH2M Hill Southeast, Inc., Reston, VA.
Oct 89,121 p EPA/540/2-89/054C,, EPA/9355.4-03-
VOL-3
Contract EPA-68-W8-0098
See also Volume 2, PB90-274440. Sponsored by Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Office
of Emergency and Remedial Response.
The volume Is the third of a three-volume report docu-
menting the results of an evaluation of ground-water
extraction remedies at hazardous waste sites. It con-
sists of a collection of 112 data base reports present-
ing general information on sites where ground-water
extraction systems are in various stages of planning or
implementation.
Keywords: "Ground water, 'Hazardous materials, 'Ex-
traction, 'Water pollution control, Sites, United States,
Hydrogeology, Contamination, Management, Organic
compounds. Materials, Aquifers, Evaluation, 'Super-
fund, Remedial action, Data base reports, Listings,
ROD.
PBS0-274465/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Final Guidance on Implementation of the 'Consist-
ency' Exemption to the Statutory Limits on Re-
moval Actions. Directive (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
12 Jun 89,8p EPA/9360.0-12A
The directive provides final guidance to Regions on
the implementation of the SARA $2 million/ 12-month
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
statutory limits on removal actions and exemption from
the statutory limits (or 'actions otherwise appropriate
and consistent with the remedial action to be taken'
(consistency exemption).
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Guidelines, Per-
formance evaluation, Management planning, Substi-
tutes, "Superfund, "Waste management, 'Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, "Remedial
action, Pollution regulations, EPA regions, National
Contingency Plan, Cleanup operations, Technology
utilization.
PB90-274473/HSU	PC A04/Mf A01
Superfund Removal Procedures: Action Memo-
randum Guidance. Directive.
Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Sep 90,59p EPA/9360.3-01
The directive provides guidance for Action Memoran-
dum, which are concise written records of the deci-
sions selecting removal actions, and the primary deci-
sion documents to select and authorize such actions.
The document is the first volume of a ten-volume
series of guidance documents collectively titled the
'Superfund Removal Procedures.' These stand-alone
volumes update and replace OSWER Directive
9360.0-3B, the single-volume 'Superfund Removal
Procedures' manual issued in February 1988.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Guidelines, "Re-
moval, Management planning, Decision making, Site
surveys. Reviews, Law enforcement, Environmental
surveys, Performance evaluation, Cost estimates, "Su-
perfund, "Waste management, "Office of Solid Waste
and Emergency Response, "Remedial response, "Re-
medial action, Administrative procedures, EPA re-
gions, Pollution regulations, Potentially responsible
parties.
PB90-274481/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Quality AMurance/Quallty Control Guidance for
Removal Activities: Sampling QA/QC Plan and
Data Validation Procedures. Interim rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Apr 90,66p EPA/9360.4-01, EPA/540/G-90/004
This document provides guidance for establishing, im-
plementing, and using Quality Assurance/Quality Con-
trol (QA/QC) protocols in data collection activities per-
formed under the Removal program. Also provides
guidance in reviewing laboratory data packages ac-
cording to the guidance established by the QA/QC
protocols.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Guidelines, "Qual-
ity assurance, "Quality control, Data processing, Sam-
pling, Performance evaluation, Site surveys, Calibrat-
ing, Concentration(Composition), Chemical analysis,
Sample preparation, "Superfund, "Remedial action,
"Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
PB90-274499/HSU	PC A01/MF A01
Criminal Investigations and the Superfund Pro-
gram. Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Sep 90, 5p EPA/9375.5-08/FS
The fact sheet, directed toward any one who wit-
nesses fraudulent activity in EPA programs, discusses
areas in which fraud and abuse can occur and pro-
vides an understanding of the criminal investigation
process that results from reports of suspicious activity.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Criminal investiga-
tions, Law enforcement, Contractors, State govern-
ment, "Superfund, "Waste management, "Office of
Solid Waste and Emergency Response, "Pollution reg-
ulations, "Fraud, US EPA, Remedial action, Cleanup
operations.
PB90-274507/HSU	PC A°1/^F A°1
CERCLA Waste Capacity Assurance. Fact sheet
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Aug 90, Sp EPA/9375.5-09/FS
The fact sheet discusses waste capacity assurance,
which is one of the five assurances required of a State
by CERCLA before the hazardous waste Trust Fund
(Superfund) can be used for a remedial action. The
sheet describes the statutory goals associated with
the waste capacity assurance, the Capacity Assurance
Plan (CAP), and additional sources of information.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Capacity, State
government, Waste disposal, Sites, Waste treatment,
"Superfund, "Waste management, "Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response, "Remedial action,
Pollution regulations, Capacity Assurance Plan,
Source reduction, Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse Compensation and Liability Act, EPA regions,
Waste recycling, Waste utilization.
PB90-274515/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
ARCS Construction Contract Modification Proce-
dures. Fact sheet (Final).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
Sep 89, 9p EPA/9355.5-01 /FS
The fact sheet describes the contracting relationships,
technical reviews, and administrative procedures re-
quired to process supplemental agreements and
change orders for changed work in Remedial Action
construction projects which are subcontracts under
EPA's ARCS contracts.
Keywords: "Hazardous materials, "Construction man-
agement, Design criteria, Contract administration, Re-
visions, Management planning. Modified contracts,
Contractors, Cost analysis, "Superfund, "Waste man-
agement, "Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Re-
sponse, "Remedial action, Administrative procedures,
US EPA, EPA regions, Technology assessment.
PB90-500000/HSU	CP D01
Exhaust Gas Recycle (EGR) Setup and Reduction
Programs (for Microcomputers). Software.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
R. Huntley, andT. Ward. 1989,1 diskette EPA/SW/
DK-90/004
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskettes,
double density (360K), compatible with the IBM PC
microcomputer. The diskettes are in the ASCII format.
These programs, EGRSETUP and EGRRED, are writ-
ten in IBM PC BASIC, and will perform the setup and
data calculations necessary for EPA Method 201, also
known as the Exhaust Gas Recycle Method. Method
201 is a method to measure in-stack PM10 from sta-
tionary sources...Software Description: The program is
written in the BASIC programming language for imple-
mentation on an IBM PC or compatible computer.
Keywords: "Software, "Exhaust gases, Circulation, En-
vironmental protection, Statistical data, L=BASIC,
H = IBM PC.
PB90-500257/HSU	CP D03
ISCST: Industrial Source Complex Short Term.
EPA/ORD (Environmental Protection Agency/
Office of Research and Development) Air Quality
Simulation Model (for Microcomputers). Model-
Simulation.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
J. Mersch. 1 Aug 89,1 diskette* EPA/SW/DK-89/146
See also PB90-500398.
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskettes,
double density (360K), compatible with the IBM PC
microcomputer. The diskettes are in the ASCII format.
Price includes documentation, PB88-171475, PB88-
171483, and PB88-171491.
The Industrial Source Complex Short-Term model is a
steady-state Gaussian plume model which can be
used to assess pollutant concentrations from a wide
variety of sources associated with an industrial source
complex. The model can account for settling and dry
deposition of particulates, downwash, area, line and
volume sources, plume rise as a function of downward
distance, separation of point sources, and limited ter-
rain adjustment. Average concentration or total depo-
sition may be calculated in 1- ,2- ,3- ,4- ,6- ,8- ,12- and/
or 24-hour time periods. An 'N'-day average concen-
tration (or total deposition) over the total number of
hours may also be computed. Software Description:
The model is written in the FORTRAN programming
language for implementation on an IBM PC microcom-
puter. Data is in compressed format but a dearchive
utility is included.
Keywords: "Models-Simulation, "Air pollution, "Indus-
trial plants, Plumes, Concentration(Composition), Set-
tling, Diskettes, "Air quality, Gaussian plume models,
Particulates, Point sources, Stationary sources,
L = Fortran, H = IBM PC.
PB90-500265/HSU	CP D03
LONGZ and SHORTZ. EPA/ORD (Environmental
Protection Agency/Office of Research and Devel-
opment) Air Quality Simulation Models. Model-Sim-
ulation.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
J. Mersch. 1 Aug 89,2 diskettes" EPA/SW/DK-89/
164
The model is contained on 5 1/4-inch, double density
(360K) diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC micro-
computer, ready for uploading to an IBM 3090 comput-
er. Price includes documentation, PB83-146092,
PB83-146100, PB86-244878.
LONGZ is designed to calculate the long-term and
SHORTZ is designed to calculate the short-term pol-
lutant concentration produced at a large number of re-
ceptors by emissions from multiple stack, building, and
area sources. LONGZ uses statistical wind summaries
to calculate long-term (seasonal or annual) average
concentrations. SHORTZ uses sequential short term
(usually hourly) meteorological inputs to calculate con-
centrations for averaging times ranging from 1 hour to
1 year. The models are applicable in areas of both flat
and complex terrain, including areas where terrain ele-
vations exceed stack-top elevations. The programs re-
quire random-access mass storage capability. Soft-
ware Description: The software is written in the FOR-
TRAN programming language for implementation on
an IBM model 3090 computer. The model is distributed
on a 51 /4-inch IBM/PC-compatible diskette. Data is in
compressed format but a dearchive utility is included.
Keywords: "Models-Simulation, *Air pollution,
"Concentration(Composition), Wind(Meteorology),
Terrain, Diskettes, "Air quality, Emission factors,
Stacks, Stationary sources, L = Fortran, H = I8M 3090.
PB90-500273/HSU	CP 001
COM2: Cllmatologlcal Dispersion Model, Version
2.0. EPA/ORD (Environmental Protection Agency/
Office of Research and Development) Air Quality
Simulation Model. Model-Simulation.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
J. Mersch. 1 Aug 89,1 diskette" EPA/SW/DK-89/147
See also PB90-500406.
The model is contained on 5 1 /4-inch, double density
(360K) diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC micro-
computer, ready for uploading to an IBM 3090 comput-
er. Price includes documentation, PB86-136546.
CDM-2.0 (Climatological Dispersion Model-Version
2.0) determines long-term (seasonal or annual) quasi-
stable pollutant concentrations in rural or urban set-
tings using average emission rates from point and area
sources and a joint frequency distribution of wind di-
rection, wind speed, and stability. The Gaussian plume
hypothesis forms the basis for the calculations. Contri-
butions are calculated assuming the narrow plume hy-
pothesis, and involve an upwind integration over the
area sources. Computations can be made for up to
200 point sources and 2500 area sources at an unlimit-
ed number of receptor locations. The number of point
and area sources can be easily modified within the
code. CDM-2.0 includes the following options: 16 or 36
wind-direction sectors: stack-tip downwash: and grad-
ual (transitional) plume rise. The user has a choice of
seven dispersion parameter schemes. Optional output
includes point and area concentration rises and histo-
grams of pollutant concentration by stability class
Software Description: The model is written In the FOR-
TRAN programming language for implementation on
an IBM 3090, VAX 8650, or SUN 386i computer. The
software is distributed on a 5 1/4-inch IBM PC-com-
patible diskette. Data is in compressed format but a
dearchive utility is included.
Keywords: "Models-Simulation, "Air pollution, "Disper-
sions, Atmospheric motion, Algorithms
Wind(Meteorology), Plumes, Diskettes, "Air quality'
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Point sources, Gaussian plume models, L=Fortran,
H = IBM 3090; VAX 8650; SUN 386i.
PB90-500281/HSU	CP D01
BLP: Bouyant Line and Point Source Dispersion
Model. EPA/ORD (Environmental Protection
Agency/Office of Research and Development) Air
Quality Simulation Model. Model-Simulation.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
J. Mersch. 1 Aug 89,1 diskette* EPA/SW/DK-89/148
The model is contained on 5 1 /4-inch, double density
(360K) diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC micro-
computer, ready for uploading to an IBM 3090 comput-
er. Price includes documentation, PB81-164642.
The BLP (Buoyant Line and Point Source Dispersion
Model) was developed specifically for aluminum re-
duction plants. Aluminum reduction plants are a com-
plex arrangement of emission sources. In addition to
theoretical considerations, BLP is based on extensive
wind tunnel simulations of two reduction plants and an
SF field study tracer program at one of the plants. Soft-
ware Description: The model is written in the FOR-
TRAN programming language for implementation on
an IBM 3090 computer. The software is distributed on
a 5 1/4-inch IBM/PC-compatible diskette. Data is in
compressed format but a dearchive utility is included.
Keywords: 'Models-Simulation, 'Air pollution, 'Alumi-
num industry, Wind tunnels, Dispersions, Industrial
plants, Diskettes, 'Air quality, Emission factors, Point
sources, Stationary sources, L=Fortran, 1-1 = IBM
3090.
PB90-500299/HSU	CP D02
CALINE: California Line Source Model. EPA/ORD
(Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Re-
search and Development) Air Quality Simulation
Model. Model-Simulation.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
J. Mersch. 1 Aug 89,1 diskette* EPA/SW/DK-89/149
The model is contained on 5 1/4-inch, double density
(360K) diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC micro-
computer, ready for uploading to an IBM 3090 comput-
er. Price includes documentation, PB80-220841.
The California Line Source dispersion model, CALINE,
can be used to predict carbon monoxide concentra-
tions near highways and arterial streets given traffic
emissions, site geometry and meteorology. The model
has adjustments for averaging time and surface rough-
ness, and can handle up to 20 links and 20 receptors.
It also contains an algorithm for deposition and settling
velocity so that particulate concentrations can be pre-
dicted. Software Description: The model is written in
the FORTRAN programming language for implemen-
tation on an IBM 3090, VAX, or SUN UNIX computer.
The model is distributed on a 5 1 /4-inch IBM PC-com-
patible diskette. Data is in compressed format but a
dearchive utility is included.
Keywords: 'Models-Simulation, "Air pollution,
'Carbon monoxide, 'Concentration(Composition),
Dispersions, Exhaust emissions, Sites, Meteorology,
Algorithms, Diskettes, 'Air quality, Particulates,
L=Fortran, H = IBM 3090; VAX; SUN Unix.
PB90-500307/HSU	CP D02
MPTER. EPA/ORD (Environmental Protection
Agency/Office of Research and Development) Air
Quality Simulation Model. Model-Simulation.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
J. Mersch. 1 Aug 89,1 diskette* EPA/SW/DK-89/150
See also PB90-500356.
The model is contained on 5 1 /4-inch, double density
(360K) diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC micro-
computer, ready for uploading to an IBM 3090 comput-
er. Price includes documentation, PB83-114207,
PB80-197361, and PB86-217163.
MPTER is a multiple point-source Gaussian model with
optional terrain adjustment. MPTER estimates con-
centration on an hour-by-hour basis for relatively inert
pollutants (i.e., S02 and TSP). MPTER uses Pasquill-
Gifford or Briggs urban dispersion parameters and
Briggs plume rise methods to calculate the spreading
and the rise of plumes. The model is most applicable
for source-receptor distances less than 10 kilometers
and for locations with level or gently rolling terrain. Ter-
rain adjustments are restricted to receptors whose ele-
vation is no higher than the lowest stack top. In addi-
tion to terrain adjustments, options are also available
for wind profile exponents, buoyancy induced disper-
sion, gradual plume rise, stack downwash, and plume
half-life. Software Description: The model is written in
the FORTRAN programming language for implemen-
tation on an IBM-PC compatible microcomputer. Data
is in compressed format but a dearchive utility is in-
cluded.
Keywords: 'Models-Simulation, 'Air pollution, Plumes,
Dispersions, Terrain, Wind(Meteorology), Diskettes,
'Air quality, Point sources, Gaussian plume models,
L=Fortran, H = IBM 3090.
PB90-500315/HSU	CP D01
RAM. EPA/ORD (Environmental Protection
Agency/Office of Research and Development) Air
Quality Simulation Model. Model-Simulation.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
J. Mersch. 1 Aug 89,1 diskette EPA/SW/DK-89/151
The model is contained on 5 1 /4-inch, double density
(360K) diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC micro-
computer, ready for uploading to an IBM 3090 comput-
er. Price includes documentation, PB88-113261.
Gaussian-plume multiple-source air quality algorithm.
RAM, a short-term Gaussian steady-state algorithm
estimates concentrations of stable pollutants from
urban point and area sources. Hourly meteorological
data are used. Hourly concentrations and averages
over a number of hours can be estimated. Briggs
plume rise is used. Pasquill-Gifford dispersion equa-
tions with dispersion parameters thought to be valid for
urban areas are used. Concentrations from area
sources are determined using the method of Hanna,
that is, sources directly upwind are considered repre-
sentative of area source emissions affecting the re-
ceptor. Special features include determination of loca-
tions of uniformly spaced receptors to ensure good
area coverage with a minimum number of receptors.
Keywords: 'Models-simulations, 'Air pollution, Mete-
orological data, Air quality, Algorithms, Software, Dis-
kettes,	Atmospheric	diffusion,
Concentration(Composition).
PB90-500323/HSU	CP D01
CRSTER: EPA/ORD (Environmental Protection
Agency/Office of Research and Development) Air
Quality Simulation Model. Model-Simulation.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
J. Mersch. 1 Aug 89,1 diskette* EPA/SW/DK-89/152
The model is contained on 5 1 /4-inch, double density
(360K) diskette, compatible with the IBM PC micro-
computer, ready for uploading to an IBM 3090 comput-
er. Price includes documentation, PB-271 360.
The algorithm estimates ground-level concentrations
resulting from up to 19 colocated elevated stack emis-
sions for an entire year and prints out the highest and
second highest 1-, 3-, and 24-hour concentrations as
well as the annual mean concentrations at a set of 180
receptors (5 distances by 36 azimuths). The algorithm
is based on a modified form of the steady-state Gaus-
sian plume equation which uses either Pasquill-Gifford
or Briggs urban dispersion coefficients and includes
adjustments for plume rise and limited mixing. Terrain
adjustments are made as long as the surrounding ter-
rain is physically lower than the lowest stack height
input. Pollutant concentrations for each averaging time
are computed for discrete, non-overlapping time peri-
ods (no running averages are computed) using meas-
ured hourly values of wind speed and direction, and
estimated hourly values of atmospheric stability and
mixing height. Software Description: The model is writ-
ten in the FORTRAN programming language for imple-
mentation on an IBM 3090 computer. The software is
distributed on a 5 1/4-inch IBM/PC-compatible dis-
kette. Data is in compressed format but a dearchive
utility is Included.
Keywords: 'Models-Simulation, 'Air pollution, Atmos-
pheric motion, Algorithms, Wind(Meteorology), Dis-
kettes, 'Air quality, Stationary sources, Stacks, Gaus-
sian plume models, L=Fortran, H = IBM 3090.
PB90-500331/HSU	CP D01
PTPLU. EPA/ORD (Environmental Protection
Agency/Office of Research and Development) Air
Quality Simulation Model. Model-Simulation.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
J. Mersch. 1 Aug 89,1 diskette* EPA/SW/DK-89/153
The model is contained on 5 1/4-inch, double density
(360K) diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC micro-
computer, ready for uploading to an IBM 3090 comput-
er. Price includes documentation, PB83-211235.
PTPLU is a point source dispersion Gaussian screen-
ing model for estimating maximum surface concentra-
tions for 1-hour concentrations. PTPLU is based upon
Briggs' plume rise methods and can use either Pas-
quill-Gifford or Briggs' urban dispersion coefficients.
PTPLU is an adaption and improvement of PTMAX
which allows for wind profile exponents and other op-
tional calculations such as buoyancy induced disper-
sion, stack downwash, and gradual plume rise. PTPLU
produces an analysis of concentration as a function of
wind speed and stability class for both wind speeds
constant with height and wind speeds increasing with
height. Using the extrapolated wind speeds and the
options allows the model user a more accurate selec-
tion of distances to maximum concentration. PTPLU 1
is the interactive version of the model. Software De-
scription: The model is written in the FORTRAN pro-
gramming language for implementation on an IBM
3090 computer. The software is distributed on a 5 1/4-
inch IBM/PC-compatible diskette. Data is in com-
pressed format but a dearchive utility is included.
Keywords: 'Models-Simulation, 'Air pollution,
•Concentration(Composltion), Dispersions, Plumes,
Wind(Meteorology), Diskettes, 'Air quality, Point
sources, Gaussian plume models, Interactive systems,
L=Fortran, H=IBM 3090.
PB90-500349/HSU	CP DOI
VALLEY. EPA/ORD (Environmental Protection
Agency/Office of Research and Development) Air
Quality Simulation Model. Model-Simulation.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
J. Mersch. 1 Aug 89,1 diskette* EPA/SW/DK-89/163
The model is contained on 5 1/4-inch, double density
(360K) diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC micro-
computer, ready for uploading to an IBM 3090 comput-
er. Price includes documentation, PB-274 054.
The VALLEY algorithm is a steady-state, univariate
Gaussian plume dispersion algorithm designed for es-
timating either 24-hour or annual concentrations re-
sulting from emissions from up to 50 (total) point and
area sources. Calculations of ground-level pollutant
concentrations are made for each frequency designat-
ed in an array defined by six stabilities, 16 wind direc-
tions, and six wind speeds for 112 program-designed
receptor sites on a radial grid of variable scale. Empiri-
cal dispersion coefficients are used and include adjust-
ments for plume rise and limited mixing. Plume height
is adjusted according to terrain elevations and stability
classes. Software Description: The software is written
in the FORTRAN programming language for imple-
mentation on an IBM model 3090 computer. The
model is distributed on a 5 1/4-inch IBM/PC-compati-
ble diskette. Data is in compressed format but a dear-
chive utility is included.
Keywords: 'Models-Simulation, 'Air pollution, Atmos-
pheric motion, Algorithms, Wind(Meteorology),
Plumes, Dispersions, Diskettes, 'Air quality, Point
sources, Gaussian plume models, L=Fortran, H=IBM
3090.
PB90-500356/HSU	CP D02
MPTER. EPA/ORD (Environmental Protection
Agency/Office of Research and Development) Air
Quality Simulation Model (for Microcomputers).
Model-Simulation.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
J. Mersch. 1 Aug 89,1 diskette* EPA/SW/DK-89/166
See also PB90-500307.
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskettes,
double density (360K), compatible with the IBM PC
microcomputer. The diskettes are in the ASCII format.
Price includes documentation, PB83-114207, PB80-
197361, and PB86-217163.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
MPTER is a multiple point-source Gaussian model with
optional terrain adjustment. MPTER estimates con-
centration on an hour-by-hour basis for relatively inert
pollutants (i.e., S02 and TSP). MPTER uses Pasquill-
Gifford or Briggs urban dispersion parameters and
Briggs plume rise methods to calculate the spreading
and the rise of plumes. The model is most applicable
for source-receptor distances less than 10 kilometers
and for locations with level or gently rolling terrain. Ter-
rain adjustments are restricted to receptors whose ele-
vation is no higher than the lowest stack top. In addi-
tion to terrain adjustments, options are also available
for wind profile exponents, buoyancy induced disper-
sion, gradual plume rise, stack downwash, and plume
half-life. Software Description: The model is written in
the FORTRAN programming language for implemen-
tation on an IBM-PC compatible microcomputer. Data
is in compressed format but a dearchive utility is in-
cluded.
Keywords: "Models-Simulation, *Air pollution, Plumes,
Dispersions, Terrain, Wind(Meteorology), Diskettes,
*Air quality, Point sources, Gaussian plume models,
L=Fortran,H = IBM PC.
PB90-500364/HSU	CP D01
COMPLEX1. EPA/ORD (Environmental Protection
Agency/Office of Research and Development) Air
Quality Simulation Model (for Microcomputers).
Model-Simulation.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
J. Mersch. 1 Aug 89,1 diskette* EPA/SW/DK-89/167
See also PB90-500414.
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskettes,
double density (360K), compatible with the IBM PC
microcomputer. The diskettes are in the ASCII format.
COMPLEX 1 is a multiple point source code with terrain
adjustment. The model specifications for testing were
suggested by team 'B' on complex terrain at the Re-
gional Workshop on Air Quality Modeling in Chicago,
February 1980. It is a sequential model utilizing hourly
meteorological input. It assumes a normal distribution
in the vertical and a uniform distribution across a 22.5
degree sector. The initial screening technique for com-
plex terrain applications, described in the Guideline on
Air Quality Models (Revised), has been incorporated
as an option in COMPLEX1. Software Description: The
software is written in the FORTRAN programming lan-
guage for implementation on an IBM model 3090 com-
puter. The model is distributed on a 5 1 /4-inch IBM/
PC-compatible diskette. Data is in compressed format
but a dearchive utility is included.
Keywords: 'Models-Simulation, "Air pollution, Terrain,
Meteorology, Diskettes, * Air quality, Point sources,
L=Fortran, H = IBM PC.
PB90-500372/HSU	CP D01
3-2.: Rough Terrain Diffusion Model. EPA/
ORD (Environmental Protection Agency/Office of
Research and Development) Air Quality Simula-
tion Model. Model-Simulation.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
J. Mersch. 1 Aug 89,1 diskette* EPA/SW/DK-89/168
The model is contained on 5 1 /4-inch, double density
(360K) diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC micro-
computer, ready for uploading to an IBM 3090 comput-
er. Price includes documentation, PB88-171467.
The rough terrain diffusion model (RTDM3.2) is a se-
quential Gaussian plume model designed to estimate
ground-level concentrations in rough (or flat) terrain in
the vicinity of one or more co-located point sources. It
is designed for applications involving chemically stable
atmospheric pollutants and is best suited for elevation
of buoyant plume behavior within about 15 km from the
source(s). RTDM has special algorithms to deal with
plume behavior in complex terrain. Software Descrip-
tion: The software is written in the FORTRAN program-
ming language for implementation on an IBM model
3090 computer. The model is distributed on a 5 1 /4-
inch IBM/PC-compatible diskette. Data is in com-
pressed format but a dearchive utility is included.
Keywords: 'Models-Simulation, 'Air pollution, 'Atmos-
pheric diffusion, Terrain, Plumes, Diskettes, 'Air qual-
ity, Point sources, Gaussian plume J™™®'®'
Concentration(Composition), L=Fortran, H=IBM
3090.
PB90-500380/HSU	CP D03
ISCLT: Industrial Source Complex Long Term.
EPA/ORD (Environmental Protection Agency/
Office of Research and Development) Air Quality
Simulation Model. Model-Simulation.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
J. Mersch. 1 Aug 89,1 diskette EPA/SW/DK-89/172
The model is contained on 5 1/4-inch, double density
(360K) diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC micro-
computer, ready for uploading to an IBM 3090 comput-
er. Price includes documentation PB88-171475, PB88-
171483, and PB88-171491.
The Industrial Source Complex Long Term model is a
steady-state Gaussian plume model which can be
used to assess pollutant concentrations from a wide
variety of sources associated with an industrial source
complex. The model can account for settling and dry
deposition of particulates, downwash, area, line and
volume sources, plume rise as a function of downwind
distance, separation of point sources, and limited ter-
rain adjustment. ISCLT is designed to calculate the av-
erage seasonal and/or annual ground level concentra-
tion or total deposition from multiple continuous point,
volume and/or areas sources. Provision is made for
special discrete X, V receptor points that may corre-
spond to sampler sites, points of maxima, or special
points of interest.
Keywords: 'Models-simulations, 'Air pollution, Mete-
orology, Atmospheric diffusion, Industrial waste, Soft-
ware,	Diskettes,	Algorithms,
Concentration(Composition), Air quality.
PB90-500398/HSU	CP DOS
ISCST: Industrial Source Complex Short Term.
EPA/ORD (Environmental Protection Agency/
Office of Research and Development) Air Quality
Simulation Model. Model-Simulation.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
J. Mersch. 1 Aug 89,1 diskette EPA/SW/DK-89/173
See also PB90-500257.
The model is contained on 5 1 /4-inch, double density
(360K) diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC micro-
computer, ready for uploading to an IBM 3090 comput-
er. Price includes documentation, PB88-171475,
PB88-171483, and PB88-171491.
The Industrial Source Complex Short-Term model is a
steady-state Gaussian plume model which can be
used to assess pollutant concentrations from a wide
variety of sources associated with an industrial source
complex. The model can account for settling and dry
deposition of particulates, downwash, area, line and
volume sources, plume rise as a function of downwind
distance, separation of point sources, and limited ter-
rain adjustment.
Keywords: 'Models-simulation, 'Air pollution, Meteor-
ology, Concentration(Composition), Air quality, Algo-
rithms, Industrial waste, Software, Diskettes, Atmos-
pheric diffusion.
PB90-500406/HSU	CP D01
COM2: Climatological Dispersion Model, Version
2.0/ EPA/ORD (Environmental Protection
Agency/Office of Research and Development) Air
Quality Simulation Model (for Microcomputers).
Model-Simulation.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
J. Mersch. 1 Aug 89,1 diskette* EPA/SW/DK-89/174
See also PB90-500273.
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskettes,
double density (360K), compatible with the IBM PC
microcomputer. The diskettes are in the ASCII format.
Price includes documentation, PB86-136546.
Climatological Dispersion Model-Version 2.0 (CDM-
2.0) determines long-term (seasonal or annual) quasi-
stable pollutant concentrations in rural or urban set-
tings using average emission rates from point and area
sources and a joint frequency distribution of wind di-
rection, wind speed, and stability. The Gaussian plume
hypothesis forms the basis for the calculations. Com-
putations can be made for up to 200 point sources and
2500 area sources at an unlimited number of receptor
locations. CDM-2.0 includes the following options: 16
or 36 wind-direction sectors, initial plume dispersion,
buoyancy-induced dispersion, stack-top down wash,
and gradual (transitional) plume rise. The user has a
choice of seven dispersion parameter schemes. Soft-
ware Description: The software is written in the FOR-
TRAN programming language for implementation on
an IBM-PC compatible microcomputer. Data is in com-
pressed format but a dearchive utility is included.
Keywords: 'Models-Simulation, 'Air pollution, 'Disper-
sions, Atmospheric motion, Algorithms,
Wind(Meteorology), Plumes, Diskettes, "Air quality,
Point sources, Gaussian plume models, L=Fortran
H = IBM PC.
PB90-500414/HSU	CP D01
COMPLEX 1. EPA/ORD (Environmental Protection
Agency/Office of Research and Development) Air
Quality Simulation Model. Model-Simulation.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
J. Mersch. 1 Aug 89,1 diskette* EPA/SW/DK-89/176
See also PB90-500364.
The model is contained on 5 1 /4-inch, double density
(360K) diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC micro-
computer, ready for uploading to an IBM 3090 comput-
er.
COMPLEX1 is a multiple point source code with terrain
adjustment. The model specifications for testing were
suggested by team 'B' on complex terrain at the Re-
gional Workshop on Air Quality Modeling in Chicago,
February 1980. It is a sequential model utilizing hourly
meteorological input. It assumes a normal distribution
in the vertical and a uniform distribution across a 22.5
degree sector. The initial screening technique for com-
plex terrain applications, described in the Guideline on
Air Quality Models (Revised), has been incorporated
as an option in COMPLEX1. Software Description: The
software is written in the FORTRAN programming lan-
guage for implementation on an IBM model 3090 com-
puter. The model is distributed on a 5 1 /4-inch IBM/
PC-compatible diskette. Data is in compressed format
but a dearchive utility is included.
Keywords: 'Models-Simulation, 'Air pollution. Terrain,
Meteorology, Diskettes, 'Air quality, Point sources
L=Fortran, H = IBM3090.
PB90-500422/HSU	CP D99
Meteorological Processor for Regulatory Models
(MPRM-1.1). Model-Simulation.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab.
R. F. Lee, and J. S. Irwin. Sep 88, 5 diskettes* EPA/
SW/DK-90/005
See also PB90-500430.
The model is contained on 5 1 /4-inch, double density
(360K) diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC micro-
computer, ready for uploading to an IBM 3090 comput-
er. Price includes documentation, PB89-127526.
Version 1.1 of MPRM provides a general purpose com-
puter processor for organizing available meteorologi-
cal data into a format suitable for use by air quality dis-
persion models. Specifically, the processor is de-
signed to accommodate those dispersion models that
have gained EPA approval for use in regulatory deci-
sion making. The first stage retrieves the meteorologi-
cal data from computer tape or disk files and process-
es the data through various quality assessment
checks. The second stage collects all data available
for a 24-hour period and stores these data in a com-
bined (merged) format. The third stage reads the
merged meteorological data and performs the neces-
sary processing to produce a meteorological data file
suitable for use by the specified dispersion model
Software Description: The software is written in the
FORTRAN 77 programming language for implementa-
tion on an IBM 3090 or VAX computer. The software is
distributed on 51 /4-inch IBM PC-compatible diskettes
Data is in compressed format but a dearchive utility is
included.
Keywords: 'Software, 'Meteorological data, 'Data
processing, Dispersions, Mathematical models, Mete-
orology, Air pollution, Diskettes, 'Air aualitv
L = Fortran 77, H = IBM 3090; VAX.	*'
PB90-600430/HSU
CP DM
Meteorological Processor for Regulatory MocMb
(MPRM-1.1) (for Microcomputers). Model-Simula-
tion.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trianole
Park, NC. Atmospheric Sciences Research Lab
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
R. F. Lee, and J. S. Irwin. Sep 88, 5 diskettes EPA/
SW/DK-90/006
See also PB90-500422.
The model is contained on 5 1/4-inch, double density
(360K) diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC micro-
computer, ready for uploading to an IBM 3090 comput-
er. Price includes documentation, PB89-127526.
Version 1.1 of MPRM (Meteorological Processor for
Regulatory Models) provides a general purpose com-
puter processor for organizing available meteorologi-
cal data into a format suitable for use by air quality dis-
persion models. Specifically, the processor is de-
signed to accommodate those dispersion models that
have gained EPA approval for use in regulatory deci-
sion making. MPRM can be envisioned as a three
stage system. The first stage retrieves the meteorolog-
ical data from computer tape or disk files and process-
es the data through various quality assessment
checks. The second stage collects all data available
for a 24-hour period (upper air observations, hourly
surface weather observations, and data collected as
part of an on-site meteorological measurement pro-
gram) and stores these data in a combined (merged)
format. The third stage reads the merged meteorologi-
cal data and performs the necessary processing to
produce a meteorological data file suitable for use by
the specified dispersion model.
Keywords: 'Software, 'Meteorological data, Models,
Computer applications, Data processing, Diskettes, Air
quality data.
PB90-500752/HSU	CP D01
INPUFF. EPA/ORD (Environmental Protection
Agency/Office of Research and Development) Air
Quality Simulation Modal. Model-Simulation.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
B. Petersen. 1 Aug 89,1 diskette* EPA/SW/DK-89/
154
The model is contained on 5 1 /4-inch, double density
(360K) diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC micro-
computer, ready for uploading to an IBM model 3090
computer. Price includes documentation, PB86-
242468 and PB86-242450..
INPUFF is primarily designed to model a single event
during which one meteorological transition period may
occur, such as going from afternoon to evening condi-
tions. Up to 144 separate meteorological periods of
the same length may be used to characterize the me-
teorology during the event; this provides a time resolu-
tion that ranges from minutes to an hour. The user has
the option of specifying the wind field for each meteor-
ological period at up to 100 grid locations or allowing
the model to default to a homogeneous wind
field....Software Description: The model is written in
the FORTRAN programming language for implemen-
tation on an IBM 3090 computer.
Keywords: 'Models-simulation, 'Air pollution, 'Mathe-
matical models, Meteorology, Atmospheric diffusion,
Algorithms, Software, Diskettes, Transport properties,
L= Fortran, H = IBM 3090.
PB90-500760/HSU	CP D02
REM: Pollution Episodic Model. EPA/ORD (Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency/Office of Research
and Development) Air Quality Simulation Model.
Model-Simulation.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
B. Petersen. 1 Aug 89,1 diskette* EPA/SW/DK-89/
155
The model Is contained on 5 1 /4-inch, double density
(360K) diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC micro-
computer, ready for uploading to an IBM model 3090
computer. Price includes documentation, PB84-
232537, PB84-164128, and PB84-138742.
The Pollution Episodic Model (PEM) Is an urban scale
(up to 50km distances) air pollution model capable of
predicting short-term (1 to 24-hour) average surface
concentrations and deposition fluxes of two gaseous
or particulate pollutants at up to a maximum of 2500
ground-level receptors located on a 50km by 50km
square receptor grid. Predictions are based on steady-
state Gaussian plume assumptions, Briggs' plume rise
formulations, and Pasqulll-Glfford (P-G) dispersion pa-
rameters. The surface concentration and deposition
flux estimates of two independent non-reactive (gase-
ous or particulate) pollutants or one pollutant with first-
order chemical decay can be obtained as special
cases of the model. Up to 300 point sources and up to
50 area sources may be included in the model
inputs....Software Description: The model is written in
the FORTRAN programming language for implemen-
tation on an IBM 3090 computer.
Keywords: 'Models-simulation, 'Air pollution, 'Mathe-
matical models, Forecasting, Plumes, Contaminants,
Atmospheric diffusion, Concentration(Composition),
Urban areas, Transport properties, Algorithms, Depo-
sition, Chemical reactions, Software, Diskettes,
L=Fortran, 1-1 = IBM 3090.
PB90-500778/HSU	CP D01
PLUVUE: EPA/ORD (Environmental Protection
Agency/Office of Research and Development) Air
Quality Simulation Model. Model-Simulation.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
B. Petersen. 1 Aug 89,1 diskette* EPA/SW/DK-89/
156
The model is contained on 5 1/4-Inch, double density
(360K) diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC micro-
computer, ready for uploading to an IBM model 3090
computer. Price includes documentation, PB84-
158302.
PLUVUE is a visibility model designed to predict trans-
port, atmospheric diffusion, chemical conversion, opti-
cal effects, and surface deposition of point-source
emissions. PLUVUE performs plume optics calcula-
tions in two modes. In the plume-based mode, the
visual effects are calculated for a variety of lines of
sight and observer locations relative to the plume
parcel; in the observer-based mode, the observer posi-
tion is fixed and visual effects are calculated for the
specific geometry defined by the positions of the ob-
server, plume, and sun....Software Description: The
model is written in the FORTRAN programming lan-
guage for implementation on an IBM 3090 computer.
Keywords: 'Models-simulation, 'Air pollution, 'Mathe-
matical models, Atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric
diffusion, Transport properties, Meteorology, Software,
Diskettes, Chemical reactions, Algorithms, Plumes,
L=Fortran, H = IBM 3090.
PB90-500786/HSU	CP D01
PBM: Photochemical Box Model. EPA/ORD (Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency/Office of Research
and Development) Air Quality Simulation Model.
Model-Simulation.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
B. Petersen. 1 Aug 89,1 diskette* EPA/SW/DK-89/
157
The model is contained on 5 1 /4-inch, double density
(360K) diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC micro-
computer, ready for uploading to an IBM model 3090
computer. Price includes documentation, PB85-
137164.
The PBM (Photochemical Box Model) is a simple sta-
tionary single-cell model with a variable height lid de-
signed to provide volume-integrated hour averages of
03 and other photochemical smog pollutants of inter-
est for an urban area for a single day of simulation. The
PBM is most appropriate for application in air stagna-
tion conditions with light and variable winds....Software
Description: The model is written in the FORTRAN
programming language for implementation on an IBM
3090 computer.
Keywords: "Models-simulation, *Air pollution, 'Mathe-
matical models, Photochemical reactions,
Concentration(Composition), Urban areas,
Wind(Meteorology), Ozone, Algorithms, Software, Dis-
kettes, L=Fortran, H = IBM 3090.
PB90-500794/HSU	CP D01
MESOPUFF. EPA/ORD (Environmental Protection
Agency/Office ol Research and Development) Air
Quality Simulation Model. Model-Simulation.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
B. Petersen. 1 Aug 89,1 diskette* EPA/SW/DK-89/
158
The model is contained on 5 1 /4-inch, double density
(360K) diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC micro-
computer, ready for uploading to an IBM model 3090
computer. Price includes documentation, PB84-
181775.
The MESO model is Lagrangian variable-trajectory
puff superposition model suitable for modeling the
transport, diffusion, and removal of air pollutants from
multiple point and area sources at transport distances
beyond the range of conventional straight-line Gaus-
sian plume models (i.e; beyond 10-50)....Software De-
scription: The model is written in the FORTRAN pro-
gramming language for implementation on an IBM
3090 computer.
Keywords: 'Models-simulation, "Air pollution, 'Mathe-
matical models, Transport properties, Atmospheric dif-
fusion, Contaminants, Algorithms, Meteorology, Air
quality, Software, Diskettes, L=Fortran, H = IBM 3090.
PB90-500802/HSU	CP D01
PAL: Point, Area and Une Source Algorithm
Model. EPA/ORD (Environmental Protection
Agency/Office of Research and Development) Air
Quality Simulation Model. Model-Simulation.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
B. Petersen. 1 Aug 89,1 diskette* EPA/SW/DK-89/
159
See also PB90-500844.
The model is contained on 5 1/4-inch, double density
(360K) diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC micro-
computer, ready for uploading to an IBM model 3090
computer. Price includes documentation, PB87-
168787.
The PAL is an acronym for the Point, Area and Line
source algorithm. PAL is a method of estimating short-
term dispersion using Gaussian-plume steady-state
assumptions. The algorithm can be used for estimating
concentrations of non-reactive pollutants at 99 recep-
tors for averaging times of from 1 to 24 hours, and for a
limited number of point, area, and line sources (99 of
each type). Calculations are performed for each
hour....Software Description: The model is written in
the FORTRAN programming language for implemen-
tation on an IBM 3090 computer.
Keywords: 'Models-simulation, *Air pollution, 'Mathe-
matical models, Algorithms, Points(Mathematics),
Area, Lines, Atmospheric data, Dispersions,
Concentration(Composition), Software, Diskettes,
L=Fortran, H = !BM 3090.
PB90-500810/HSU	CP D01
HIGHWAY-ROADWAY. EPA/ORD (Environmental
Protection Agency/Office of Research and Devel-
opment) Air Quality Simulation ModeL Model-Simu-
lation.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
B. Petersen. 1 Aug 89,1 diskette* EPA/SW/DK-89/
160
The model is contained on 5 1 /4-inch, double density
(360K) diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC micro-
computer, ready for uploading to an IBM model 3090
computer. Price includes documentation, PB80-
227556.
ROADWAY is a finite-difference model which solves a
conservation of species equation to predict pollutant
concentrations within two hundred meters of a high-
way. It uses surface layer similarity theory to predict
wind and eddy diffusion profiles from temperature at
two heights and wind velocity upwind of the highway. A
unique feature of the model is its use of vehicle wake
theory. It is assumed that vehicle wakes affect the
wind and turbulance fields in a linear manner with
wake intensity a function of vehicle speed, downwind
distance, and distance from the wake center. HIWAY
is a model which computes the hourly concentrations
of non-reactive pollutants downwind of roadways. It is
applicable for uniform wind conditions and level ter-
rain. Although best suited for at-grade highways, it can
also be applied to depressed highways.
Keywords: 'Models-simulation, "Air pollution, 'Mathe-
matical models, 'Roads, Highways,
Concentration(Composition), Forecasting, Turbulent
diffusion, Contaminants, Vehicles, Chemical reactions,
Velocity, Distance, Software, Diskettes, L=Fortran,
H = IBM 3090.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-500828/HSU	CP D01
UTIL-1. EPA/ORD (Environmental Protection
Agency/Office of Research and Development) Air
Quality Simulation Model. Model-Simulation.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
B. Petersen. 1 Aug 89,1 diskette* EPA/SW/DK-89/
101
The model is contained on 5 1 /4 -inch, double density
(360K) diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC micro-
computer, ready for uploading to an IBM model 3090
computer. Price includes documentation, PB84-
229467 and PB83-107342.
CALMPRO, Version 1.0, is a postprocessor lor
MPTER, CRSTER, or ISC that reads data from an
hourly concentration file (output from MPTER,
CRSTER, or ISC). RUNAVG, Version 1.0, is a post-
processor program for determining the highest and
second-highest non-overlapping running average.
RUNAVG accepts hourly concentration file input from
either ISCST, TUPOS, RAM, MPTER, or CRSTER.
UTMCON, Version 1.0, is a utility program to convert
from latitude and longitude to UTM coordinates and
vice versa. CHAVG, Version 1.0, is a postprocessor
program for computing running averages (averages
that begin each hour and overlap) and end-to-end
averages (averages that do not overlap) from hourly
concentration disk or tape files.
Keywords: "Models-simulation, "Air pollution, Meteor-
ology, Concentration(Composition), Air quality, Soft-
ware, Diskettes, User manuals, Algorithms,
L=Fortran, H = IBM 3090.
PB90-500836/HSU	CP D01
MPTDS Version 1.0. EPA/ORD (Environmental
Protection Agency/Office of Research and Devel-
opment) Air Quality Simulation Model. Model-Simu-
lation.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
B Petersen. 1 Aug 89,1 diskette* EPA/SW/DK-89/
162
The model is contained on 5 1/4-inch, double density
(360K) diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC micro-
computer, ready for uploading to an IBM model 3090
computer. Price includes documentation, PB82-
215153 and PB83-114207.
MPTDS is a modification of MPTER to explicitly ac-
count for gravitational settling and/or deposition loss
of a pollutant. Surface deposition fluxes can be printed
under an optional output feature. MPTDS is a multiple
point source code with an optional terrain adjustment
feature. The code is primarily based upon MPTER
which has Gaussian modeling assumptions. Execution
is limited to a maximum of 250 point sources and 180
receptors. Hourly meteorological data are required.
Period of simulation can vary from 1 hour to 1
year ...Software Statement: The software is written in
the FORTRAN programming language for implemen-
tation on an IBM model 3090 computer. The model is
distributed on a 5 1/4-inch, IBM/PC-compatible dis-
kette.
Keywords: "Models-simulation, *Air pollution, 'Mathe-
matical models, Deposition, Contaminants, Meteoro-
logical data, Codes, Software, Diskettes, L=Fortran,
H = IBM3090.
PB90-500844/HSU	CP D01
PAL Point, Area and Line Source Algorithm. EPA/
ORD (Environmental Protection Agency/Office of
Research and Development) Air Quality Simula-
tion Model (for Microcomputers). Model-Simula-
tion.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
B Petersen. 1 Aug 89,1 diskette* EPA/SW/DK-89/
165
See also PB90-500802.
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskettes,
double density (360K), compatible with the IBM PC
microcomputer. The diskettes are in the ASCII format.
Price includes documentation, PB87-168787.
PAL is a method of estimating short-term dispersion
using Gaussian-plume steady-state assumptions. The
algorithm can be used for estimating concentrations of
non-reactive pollutants at 99 receptors for averaging
times of from 1 to 24 hours and for a limited number of
point, area, and line sources (99 of each type). Calcu-
lations are performed for each hour. The hourly mete-
1696 Vol. 90, No. 24
orological data required are wind direction, wind
speed, stability class, and mixing height. Single values
of each of these four parameters are assumed repre-
sentative for the area modeled. The PAL model can
treat deposition of both gaseous and suspended par-
ticulate pollutants in the plume since gravitational set-
tling and dry deposition of the particles are explicitly
accounted for....Software Description: The software is
written in the FORTRAN programming language for
implementation on an IBM-PC microcomputer.
Keywords: 'Models-simulation, *Air pollution, "Mathe-
matical models, Algorithms, Dispersions,
Concentration(Composition), Points(Mathematics),
Area, Lines, Meteorological data, Wind(Meteorology),
Software, Diskettes, L=Fortran, H = IBM/PC.
PB90-500851/HSU	CP D01
APRAC3: EPA/ORD (Environmental Protection
Agency /Office of Research and Development) Air
Quality Simulation Model. Model-Simulation.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
B. Petersen. 1 Aug 89,1 diskette" EPA/SW/DK-89/
169
The model is contained on 5 1 /4-inch, double density
(360K) diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC micro-
computer, ready for uploading to an IBM model 3090
computer. Price includes documentation, PB82-
103763.
APRAC3 contains two recent modifications to previous
versions: (1) The emission factor computation method-
ology has been revised to reflect recent updates, and
that portion of the code that performs emissions com-
putations has been separated from the other portions
of the model to facilitate incorporation of future emis-
sion factor methodology updates, and (2) Treating traf-
fic links in the primary network with low vehicle miles
traveled as area sources. Two local source models are
available: (1) Treating pollutant behavior in a street
canyon, and (2) Treating vehicle and pollutant effects
at a signalized intersection. A preprocessor
PREMOD2 is associated with this model.
Keywords: "Models-simulation, "Air pollution, "Mathe-
matical models, Exhaust emissions, Meteorological
data, User manuals, Software, Diskettes, Diffusion.
PB90-500869/HSU	CP D01
DATA: Sample Meteorological Data and Random
Numbers Data File. Data file.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
B. Petersen. 1 Aug 89,1 diskette* EPA/DF/DK-89/
170
The model is contained on 5 1 /4-inch, double density
(360K) diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC micro-
computer, ready for uploading to an IBM model 3090
computer.
The file CINDAY in unformatted form has been used
for sample meteorological input to a number of disper-
sion models, such as RAM, CRSTER, MPTER, and
ISC, for tests using a year's data. Since a file In unfor-
matted or binary form cannot readily be transferred
from computer to computer, the file is furnished in two
parts (PT1 and PT2) In ASCII form. The program
ASCBIN converts the ASCII meteorological data to un-
formatted (binary form). The two parts of the file
should be combined together first.
Keywords: 'Data file, "Air pollution, Meteorological
data, Dispersions, Algorithms, Mathematical models,
Diskettes.
PB90-500877/HSU	CP D02
TUPOS: EPA/ORD (Environmental Protection
Agency/Office of Research and Development) Air
Quality Simulation Model. Model-Simulation.
Environmental Sciences Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC. Meteorology and Assessment Div.
B. Petersen. 1 Aug 89,1 diskette* EPA/SW/DK-89/
171
The model is contained on 5 1/4-inch, double density
(360K) diskettes, compatible with the IBM PC micro-
computer, ready for uploading to an IBM model 3090
computer. Price includes documentation, PB86-
181310, PB86-181328, and PB86-241031.
TUPOS estimates dispersion directly from fluctuation
statistics at plume level and calculates plume rise and
partial penetration of the plume into stable layers using
vertical profiles of wind and temperature. TUPOS can
be used for short-term (hours to days) impact assess-
ment of inert pollutants from single or multiple sources
and can be expected to have greatest accuracy for lo-
cations within 10 km of the source. Although TUPOS
will make computations for receptors having any
groundlevel elevation, it is not intended as a complex
terrain model, but rather as a model for calculations
over flat or gently rolling terrain. TUPOS will optionally
treat buoyancy-induced dispersion but does not in-
clude building downwash, deposition, or fumigation.
Keywords: 'Models-simulation, 'Air pollution, 'Mathe-
matical models, Plumes. Air quality, Dispersion,
Concentration(Composition), Software, Diskettes, Al-
gorithms, Atmospheric diffusion, L=Fortran, H = IBM
3090.
PB90-500968/HSU	CP T03
Development of the National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program (NAPAP) Anthropogenic
Emissions Inventory, 1985: Annual Point Sources,
Version 1. Data file.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. D. Mobley, and M. Saeger. 1985, mag tape EPA/
DF/MT-90/001
See also PB88-137138, PB88-137302, and PB88-
137179.
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. For price at
8250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Products. Price
includes documentation, PB88-132121.
The file contains Annual Emissions and Facility Data
for point sources of air pollutants included in the 1985
NAPAP Emissions Inventory Version 1. The inventory
spans the 48 contiguous U.S. states and 10 Canadian
provinces, providing detailed point source data for
over 14,000 plants and area source information by
source category for 3,070 U.S. counties. Canadian
area source data are reported at the province level
Summaries of emissions data are presented at various
levels of aggregation including nation, EPA region,
state/province, and source category. Emissions data
are also analyzed by plant size, stack height, and gen-
eral source type, and emissions variations are exam-
ined on seasonal and daily bases.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Electric power plants, *Air pol-
lution, Area, Inventories, United States, Canada,
Sources, Height, Chimneys, Seasonal variations, Diur-
nal variations, Point sources.
PB90-500976/HSU	CP T02
Development of the National Add Precipitation
Assessment Program (NAPAP) Anthropogenic
Emissions Inventory, 1985: Annual Area Source
County Level Fuel Use and Activity Levels, Ver-
sion 1. Data file.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. D. Mobley, and M. Saeger. 1985, mag tape EPA/
DF/MT-90/002
See also PB88-137138, PB88-137302, and PB88-
137179.
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. For price at
6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Products. Price
includes documentation, PB88-132121.
The file contains county level activity and allocation
data used to develop the 1985 NAPAP Area Source
Emissions Inventory Version 1. The inventory spans
the 48 contiguous U.S. states and 10 Canadian prov-
inces, providing detailed point source data for over
14,000 plants and area source information by source
category for 3,070 U.S. counties. Canadian area
source data are reported at the province level. Sum-
maries of emissions data are presented at various
levels of aggregation including nation, EPA region
state/province, and source category. Emissions data
are also analyzed by plant size, stack height, and gen-
eral source type, and emissions variations are exam-
ined on seasonal and daily bases.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Electric power plants, 'Air pol-
lution, Area, Inventories, United States, Canada.
Sources, Height, Chimneys, Seasonal variations. Diur-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-500984/HSU	CP T02
Development of the National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program (NAPAP) Anthropogenic
Emiaalon Inventory, 1985: Annual Area Source
Emissions, Version 1. Data file.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. D. Mobley, and M. Saeger. 1985, mag tape EPA/
DF/MT-90/003
See also PB88-137138, PB88-137302, and PB88-
137179.
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. For price at
6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Products. Price
includes documentation, PB88-132121.
The file contains annual emissions data at the county
level for area source categories included In the 1985
NAPAP Emissions Inventory Version 1. The inventory
spans the 48 contiguous U.S. states and 10 Canadian
provinces, providing detailed point source data for
over 14,000 plants and area source information by
source category for 3,070 U.S. counties. Canadian
area source data are reported at the province level.
Summaries of emissions data are presented at various
levels of agtregation including nation, EPA region,
state/province, and source category. Emissions data
are also analyzed by plant size, stack height, and gen-
eral source type, and emissions variations are exam-
ined on seasonal and daily bases.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Air pollution, Inventories, United
States, Canada, Height, Chimneys, Industrial plants,
Seasonal variations, Diurnal variations, Point sources,
'Acid rain.
PB90-500992/HSU	CP T02
Development of the National Add Precipitation
Assessment Program (NAPAP) National Utility
Reference File (NURF) Emissions Inventory, 1985,
Version 2. Data file.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. K. Wagner, and S. S. Rothschild. 1985, mag tape
EPA/DF/MT-90/007
See also PB88-137153 and PB88-137138.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB90-132341.
The EBCDIC file contains unit-level data for every ex-
isting and planned electric generating unit in the U.S.
The data represent the year 1985. The data were ob-
tained from EPA and DOE data bases and merged into
a single comprehensive data base for all electric utili-
ties. Categories of data included are identification and
location information; unit operation characteristics
(e.g., prime mover, capacity, bottom type, firing type);
unit lifetime data; fuel consumption and quality data;
regulatory information; emissions and pollution control
data; and ownership information. A preamble to the file
provides file layout Information.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Electric power generation, Elec-
tric utilities, Fuel consumption, Regulations, Layout, Air
pollution control, Unit operations, Ownership.
PB90-601008/HSU	CP D02
Development of the National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Program (NAPAP) National Utility
Reference File (NURF) Emissions Inventory, 1985,
Version 2 (for Microcomputers). Data file.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. K. Wagner, and S. S. Rothschild. 1985,1 diskette
EPA/DF/DK-90/008
See also PB88-137153 and PB88-137138.
The data file is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskette, high
density (1.2M), compatible with the IBM AT microcom-
puter. The diskettes are in the LOTUS 1-2-3 format.
Price includes documentation, PB90-132341.
The Lotus 123 file contains the variables listed below
for all steam electric generating units in the U.S. that
are at least 25 MW in size. All data represent the year
1985. Data variables included in the file are the follow-
ing: state, county, plant name, DOE plant code, operat-
ing utility, Unit No., NAPAP identification code, capac-
ity factor, capacity, year online, primary fuel, S02 emis-
sion rate, Btus consumed, S02 emissions, S02 re-
moval efficiency, NOx removal efficiency, bottom type,
firing type, NOx emissions, NOx emission rate, and pri-
mary NOx control device.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Air pollution, Steam power
plants, Electric utilities, Sulfur dioxide. Nitrogen oxides,
Nomenclature, Identifying, Capacity, Acid precipita-
tion.
PB90-501115/HSU	CP D01
Surface Impoundment Modeling System (SIMS),
Version 1.0 (for Microcomputers). Software.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
D. C. Misenheimer. Sep 89,1 diskette EPA/SW/DK-
90/009
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskettes,
double density (360K), compatible with the IBM PC
microcomputer. The diskettes are in the ASCII format.
Price includes documentation, PB90-141227 and
PB90-141235.
The Surface Impoundment Modeling System (SIMS) is
a personal computer program designed to estimate air
emissions from surface impoundments. The emission
estimates are based on mass transfer models devel-
oped by the Emissions Standards Division of the Envi-
ronmental Protection Agency during the evaluation of
hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal fa-
cilities. SIMS allows the user to specify all the required
inputs to these emission models when the information
is available, or when only limited information is avail-
able, provides default values for most of the model
inputs...Software Description: The software is written
in the C programming language for implementation on
an IBM PC or compatible.
Keywords: "Software, 'Emission, 'Air pollution, Math-
ematical models, Computer programs, Waste treat-
ment, Diskettes, L=C, H = IBM PC, Surface impound-
ment, SIMS computer program.
PB90-501214/HSU	CP D02
d-SSYS: A Computer Model for the Evaluation of
Competing Alternatives Version 3.20 (for Micro-
computers). Model.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
A. J. Klee. Feb 90,1 diskette EPA/SW/DK-90/017
Supersedes PB89-170195.
The model is contained on 5 1 /4-inch diskettes, high
density (1,2M), compatible with the IBM PC microcom-
puter. The diskettes are in the ASCII format. Price in-
cludes documentation, PB90-159906.
The study was instigated to develop a computer model
that (a) quantitatively evaluates competing research
and development projects, and (b) assists In prioritiz-
ing such projects when resources are not sufficient to
conduct all of them. An evaluation model was devel-
oped, based upon existing multlattribute utility theory
but with some modification and innovation. The model,
with user input, helps determine the relative weights of
the factors or criteria used to evaluate the projects
under consideration, and, again with user input, deter-
mines the utility function for each of the attributes. A
computer program was written to implement the
model.
Keywords: 'Models-simulation, 'Programming manu-
als, 'Computer aided analysis, Computer applications,
Evaluation, Computer software, Research projects,
Diskettes, 'Computer models, *d-SSYS, Alternatives,
L=Fortran, H=IBM PC.
PB90-501222/HSU	CP 099
MOBILE4 Emission Factor Model: Source Code
(One Version Mixed Case, One Version Upper
Case), Input Files tor Example Runs, and Hlgh-AI-
tltude Area l/M Credits (for PS2 or 80386 Chip
Microcomputers). Model.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Motor Vehicle Emission Lab.
T. Newell, and D. Kahlbaum. Jan 90,1 diskette* EPA/
SW/DK-90/010
See also PB89-170211.
The model is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskettes, high
density (1.2M), compatible with the IBM PS/2 micro-
computer. The diskettes are in the ASCII format. Price
includes documentation, PB89-184271.
MOBILE4 is a computer program that calculates emis-
sion factors for hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and
oxides of nitrogen from highway motor vehicles.
MOBILE4 calculates emission factors for eight individ-
ual vehicle types in two regions of the country (low-
and high-altitude). The emission factors depend on
various conditions such as ambient temperature, fuel
volatility, speed, and mileage accrual rates. MOBILE4
will estimate emission factors for any calendar year be-
tween 1960 and 2020 inclusive. The 20 most recent
model years are considered in operation in each calen-
dar year. MOBILE4 supercedes MOBILES. Relative to
MOBILES, MOBILE4 incorporates several new op-
tions, calculating methodologies, emission control reg-
ulations, and internal program designs. Software De-
scription: The software is written in the FORTRAN 4.01
language for use on an IBM PS/2 or compatible ma-
chine using MS-DOS 4.0+ operating system. It re-
quires a minimum of 640K of memory.
Keywords: 'Models-Simulation, 'Exhaust emissions,
Motor vehicles, Air pollution, Hydrocarbons, Carbon
monoxide, Nitrogen oxides, Diskettes, 'Automobile ex-
haust, 'Emission factors, L=Fortran 4 01, H=IBM
PS/2.
PB90-501263/HSU	CP T02
Environmental Fate Data Base (ENVIROFATE):
Chemical Identification Information File (CHEM-
FATE), September 1989. Data file.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
R. Boethling, and N. Tirado. Sep 89, mag tape EPA/
DF/MT-90/011
Supersedes PB89-116107.
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. For price at
6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Products.
CHEMFATE is a data value file containing literature
derived data on environmental fate on several hundred
chemicals. The file includes chemical identification in-
formation, physical/chemical properties, transport and
degradation studies, field investigations and monitor-
ing data. In all there are 23 data types covered in the
file. For each data type, there is a pertinent set of fields
qualifying the data, but a physical record only exists for
those fields that contain data. Each physical record is
made up of a CAS Registry No. (9 bytes), a record
number (4 bytes), a data type code (2 bytes), a field
type code (3 bytes) and data (240 bytes). With the ex-
ception of the identification field, each data type has a
mandatory reference field which contains the refer-
ence number pointing to XREF, the full reference file.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Chemical elements, 'Chemical
compounds, 'Identifying, Chemical properties, Phys-
icochemical properties, Degradation, Monitoring, Mag-
netic tapes, 'Environmental fate, Environmental im-
pacts, Environmental transport, ENVIROFATE data
base.
PB90-501271/HSU	CP T02
Environmental Fate Data Base (ENVIROFATE): Mi-
crobial Degradatlon/Toxlcity Data (BIOLOQ), Sep-
tember 1989. Data file.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
R. Boethling, and N. Tirado. Sep 89, mag tape EPA/
DF/MT-90/012
Supersedes PB89-116099.
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, One-half inch tape only. Identify
reoording mode by specifying density only. For price at
6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Products.
BIOLOQ is a bibliographic pointed file of microbial bio-
degradation/toxicity data. Each record contains a
Chemical Abstract Services Registry Number (9
bytes), a string of data codes (total of 10 bytes) and a
reference number (6 bytes). The string of data codes is
divided into an indication of biodegradation (B) or mi-
crobial toxicity (T) data (1 byte); oxygen condition-aer-
obic (AE) or anaerobic (AN) (2 bytes); culture type-
pure enzyme (PE), pure culture (PC), mixed culture
(MC), or cell-free extract (CF) (2 bytes); source of
micro-organism-soil (SOI), sediment (SED), sewage
(SEW), fresh water (WAF), marine water (WAM) or
other (OTH) (3 bytes); whether the pathway of degra-
dation was (R) or was not (blank) studied (1 byte); and
data source DATALOG (0) or various files from Dr.
Martin Alexander at Cornell University (H, M, G, A, or
P) (1 byte). The file should be used with CASLST (in
order to link the chemical name and formula) and
XREF (in order to link the full reference citation).
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Data file, "Chemical elements, 'Chemical
compounds, "Toxicity, Degradation, Anaerobic condi-
tions, Cultures(Biology), Microorganisms, Magnetic
Tapes, "Biodegradation, Aerobic conditions, Environ-
mental impacts, ENVIROFATE data base.
PB90-501289/HSU	CP T02
Environmental Fate Data Base (ENVIROFATE): En-
vironmental Fate Data (DATALOG), September
1989. Data file.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
R. Boethling, and N. Tirado. Sep 89, mag tape EPA/
DF/MT-90/013
Supersedes PB89-116081.
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. For price at
6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Products.
DATALOG is a bibliographic pointer file of environmen-
tal fate data and each record contains a chemical CAS
registry number (9 bytes), one of 18 data types (9
bytes), and a reference number (6 bytes) to the full ci-
tation in the XREF file. The data types identify physical
properties, degradation and transport studies, and
food, occupational and ambient monitoring data. The
file should be used with CASLST (in order to link the
full reference citation). A list of possible data types and
their abbreviations are: Adsorption (ADSORP), Bio-
concentration (BIOCON), Biodegradation (DIODEG),
Dissociation Constant (DISS CON), Ecosystem
(ECOS), Effluent concentrations (EFFL), Evaporation
from water (EVAP), Food and crop concentrations
(FOOD), Field studies (FIELD), Henry's Law constant
(HENRY CON), Hydrolysis (HYDROL), Monitoring
(MONIT), Occupational concentrations (OCCUP), Oc-
tanol/water partition coefficient (O/W PART), Pho-
tooxidation (PHOTOOXID), UV Spectra (UV), Vapor
pressure (VP), and Water solubility (WATER SOL).
Keywords: "Data file, "Chemical elements, "Chemical
compounds, Physicochemical properties, Degrada-
tion, Food, Monitoring, Adsorption, Evaporation, Hy-
drolysis, Ultraviolet spectroscopy, Solubility, Magnetic
tapes, Environmental fate, "Environmental impacts,
Environmental transport, Biodegradation, Ecosys-
tems, Chemical effluents, ENVIROFATE data base
PB90-501297/HSU	CP T02
Environmental Fate Data Base (ENVIROFATE):
Chemical Name File (CASLST), September 1989.
Data file.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
R. Boethling, and N. Tirado. Sep 89, mag tape EPA/
DF/MT-90/014
Supersedes PB89-116065.
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. For price at
6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Products.
The tape includes the chemical name, molecular for-
mula, and CAS registry number for each chemical
added to the ENVIROFATE database by these supple-
ments. The tape is to be used in conjunction with DA-
TALOG, BIOLOG, AND CHEMFATE. The CASLST file
consists of three fields: Chemical Abstract Service
Registry number (CAS) which is numerical and 9 bytes
in length; Chemical formula (FOR) which is textural
and 23 bytes in length; and Chemical name (CNA)
which is textural and 48 bytes in length.
Keywords: "Data file, "Chemical elements, "Chemical
compounds, Identifying, Magnetic tapes, Formulas,
Naming, ENVIROFATE data base.
PB90-501305/HSU	/lr„>/1 CPT02
Environmental Fate Data Base (ENVIROFATE):
Value Biodegradation (BIODEG), October 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
R Boethling, and N. Tirado. Oct 89, mag tape EPA/
DF/MT-90/015
Supersedes PB89-116115.
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. For price at
6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Products.
BIODEG is data value file containing literature derived
data on the biodegradation of over 500 chemicals.
There are five different types of records: four record
types that cover different types of tests screening
studies, biological treatment simulations, grab sam-
ples, and field studies and one summary record that
contains summary evaluation codes.
Keywords: "Data file, "Chemical properties, Biodeter-
ioration. Tests, Chemical elements, Chemical com-
pounds, Magnetic tapes, "Biodegradation, ENVIRO-
FATE data base.
PB90-501313/HSU	CP T02
Environmental Fate Data Base (ENVIROFATE):
Journal Citations (XREF), September 1989. Data
file.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
R. Boethling, and N. Tirado. Sep 89, mag tape EPA/
DF/MT-90/016
Supersedes PB89-116073.
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. For price at
6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Products.
The file contains the full reference (authors, titles and
citation) for references included in DATALOG,
BIOLOG, and CHEMFATE. The references are linked
to the other files by reference number. Each record
contains a reference number (RNO) (6 bytes), a list of
authors separated by semi-colons (AUT) (150 bytes), a
title (TLE) (244 bytes), the journal of source (JRN) (200
bytes), the citation (CIT) (200 bytes), and the year
(YRP) (19nn or blank if not applicable) (4 bytes).
Keywords: "Data file, "Chemical elements, "Chemical
compounds, Documentation, Authors, Magnetic tapes,
"Reference systems, Environmental fate, ENVIRO-
FATE data base.
PB90-501339/HSU	CP T03
Steam-Electric Plant Operation and Design Report
(EIA-767) Extract Data Tape, (1985-1987). Data file.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
E. H. Pechan. and C. C. Masser. 1987, mag tape EPA/
DF/MT-90/018
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB90-165879.
Over the past several years, the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA), through the Air and Energy
Engineering Research Laboratory (AEERL) has been
a major sponsor of the Energy Information Administra-
tion's (EIA) Form 767 data collection effort. The Form
EIA-767, entitled 'Steam-Electric Plant Operation and
Design Report' is an annual data collection form
whose major output to-date has been an annual data
tape which is released to the public through the Na-
tional Technical Information Service. The output from
the study included in the report is a one-page-per-plant
report which includes a variety of information extracted
from various parts of the Form EIA-767. For each ap-
plicable plant, several categories of information were
extracted and included: plant ownership, identification,
and location information; boiler design characteristics;
pollution control equipment design characteristics;
fossil fuels consumed and their quality for 1985; fossil
fuels consumed and their quality for 1986; and fossil
fuels consumed and their quality for 1987.
Keywords: "Data file, "Electric power plants, "Pollution
control, Steam electric power generation, Boilers,
Design criteria, Fossil fuels, Fuel consumption, Quality,
Sites, United States, Operations, Ownership.
PB90-501370/HSU	CP D02
MOUSE (Modular Oriented Uncertainty SystEm): A
Computerized Uncertainty Analysis System (for
Microcomputers). Software.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
A. J. Klee. Dec 89,1 diskette* EPA/SW/DK-90/019
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskettes,
double density (360K), compatible with the IBM PC
microcomputer. The diskettes are in the ASCII format.
Price includes documentation, PB90-172560.
MOUSE (Modular Oriented Uncertainty SystEm) deals
with the problem of uncertainties in models that con-
sist of one or more algebraic equations. It was espe-
cially designed for use by those with little or no knowl-
edge of computer languages, programming, or simula-
tion. It is designed to be run on almost any personal
computer, it is easy and fast to learn, and has all of the
features needed for substantive uncertainty analysis
(built-in probability distributions, plotting and graphing
capabilities, sensitivity analysis, interest functions for
cost analyses, etc.). Moreover, a series of unique com-
panion utility programs write much of the necessary
computer code for the user, help in analyzing sample
data to determine the probability distributions that best
fit those data, check each program for errors in syntax,
and assist in finding logical errors in the model that is
subject to uncertainty. Some typical examples of the
use of MOUSE within the U.S. Environmental Protec-
tion Agency include: studying the migration of pollution
plumes in streams, establishing regulations for hazard-
ous wastes in landfills and estimating pollution control
costs. Software Description: The software is written in
the Fortran and Assembly programming languages for
implementation on an IBM PC 8088/80386 or compa-
tibles.
Keywords: "Software, "Risk, Simulation, Monte Carlo
method, Mathematical models, Stochastic processes,
Cost analysis, Systems analysis, Diskettes, "Environ-
mental impact assessments, L = Fortran;Assembly,
H = IBM PC.
PB9O-501412/HSU	CP DOS
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
(NAPAP) County-Level Alkaline Emission Esti-
mates for Unpaved Roads. Dust Devils and Wind
Erosion, 1985 (for Microcomputers). Data file.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
C. C. Masser, and W. R. Barnard. 1990,2 diskettes
EPA/DF/DK-90/023
See also PB90-501008.
The data file is contained on 5 1 /4-inch diskettes, high
density (1.2M), compatible with the IBM AT microcom-
puter. The diskettes are in the LOTUS 1-2-3 format.
Price includes documentation, PB90-172586.
The two floppy diskettes contain the data summary
tables included in Appendices A, B, and C of the report
'Development of County-Level Wind Erosion and Un-
paved Road Alkaline Emission Estimates for the 1985
NAPAP Emissions Inventory.' The data tables are for-
matted in LOTUS 1-2-3 version 2.01 format (although
they were written using Microsoft EXCEL Version 2.1).
Each of the files represent one of the Appendices. It
should be noted that in the report, only counties that
had non-zero Dust Devil emissions were included in
Appendix C. The corresponding file provides informa-
tion for all counties in the continental U.S. even though
most counties have Dust Devil emissions equal to
zero.
Keywords: "Data file, "Dust, "Alkalinity, "Air pollution,
Roads, Wind erosion, Precipitation(Meteorology),
Counties, Diskettes, "Emission factors, Dust devils,
Acid rain, Stationary sources.
PB90-501479/HSU	CP D02
Consolidated List of Chemicals Subject to Report-
ing under the Emergency Planning and Communi-
ty Right to Know Act SARA (Superhind Amend-
ments and Reauthorization Act of 1986) Section
302 Extremely Hazardous Substances, CERCLA
(Comprehensive Environmental Response, Com-
pensation, and Liability Act) Hazardous Sub-
stances and SARA Section 313 Toxic Chemicals
(Title III. List of Lists) (for Microcomputers). Data
file.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
H. Sykes. Jan 90,2 diskettes" EPA/DF/DK-90/022
Supersedes PB89-158653. See also PB90-501487.
The data file Is contained on 5 1 /4-inch diskettes
double density (360K), compatible with the IBM PC
microcomputer. The diskettes are in the DBASE III
Plus format.
The data file is the disk-based version of the Office of
Toxic Substances' consolidated list of chemicals sub-
ject to reporting under Title III of the Superfund
Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA)
and SARA Section 302 Extremely Hazardous Sub-
stances, as well as CERCLA Hazardous Substances.
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Title III is also known as the Emergency Planning and
Community Right to Know Act. The disks are designed
to generate either a printout or a dBase III file from any
IBM or IBM compatible system.
Keywords: 'Data file, "Hazardous materials, Diskettes,
'Toxic substances, Chemicals, Emergency planning,
Right to know.
PB90-501487/HSU	CP D04
Roadmaps to Sources of Information on Chemi-
cals Listed In the Emergency Planning Community
and Community Rlght-to-Know Act (Also Known
as SARA (Superfund Amendments and Reauthor-
ization Act) Title III), Section 313. Toxic Release
Inventory (for Microcomputers). Data file.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
J. Leitzke, and M. Edelstein. 14 Jul 89,2 diskettes*
EPA/DF/DK-9O/021
Supersedes PB89-133631. See also PB90-501479.
The data file is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskettes,
double density (360K), compatible with the IBM PC
microcomputer. The diskettes are in the dBase III
CLIPPER compiler format. Price includes documenta-
tion, PB90-174655.
EPA has developed a database of sources of informa-
tion on the chemicals listed in Section 313 of the
Emergency Preparedness 4 Community Right-To-
Know Act, Title III of the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act. The database is intended to
assist users of Section 313 Toxic Release Inventory
data to perform exposure and risk assessments of
these chemicals. The Roadmaps system displays
and/or prints out information for the Section 313
chemicals on health and environmental effects, Feder-
al Regulation, and state air and water regulations,
monitoring data, and state contacts.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Exposure, 'Risk, Hazardous
materials. Regulations, Monitoring, Water quality, Dis-
kettes, 'Toxic substances. Chemicals, Environmental
impacts, Federal law, Air quality.
PB90-501560/HSU	CP D05
Volatile Organic Compound and Particulate Matter
Speclatlon Data Base (for Microcomputers). Data
file.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
W. B. Kuykendal, and G. Patterson. Oct 89,4
diskettes* EPA/DF/DK-90/024
See also PB83-195511.
The data file is contained on 5 1 /4-inch diskettes, high
density (1.2M), compatible with the IBM PC/AT micro-
computer. The diskettes are in the ASCII format.
The data base contains speciation factors for both
volatile organic compounds (VOC's) and particulate
matter (Pwfi from a number of source categories. The
speciation factors are the weight percent of the individ-
ual compounds or elements that make up either total
VOC or total PM. By applying these speciation factors
the user can estimate compound specific emissions
when only total VOC or PM emissions are known. The
VOC data base contains approximately 275 profiles
from 28 source categories. The PM data base contains
approximately 300 profiles from 20 source categories.
Source categories are identified by Source Category
Classification and compounds are identified by Chemi-
cal Abstracts Services number. The data bases have
been published in the following two volume report. 'Air
Emissions Species Manual Volume I Volatile Organic
Compound Species Profiles, second edition,' EPA-
450/2-90-001 a, Januan 1990 and 'Air Emission Spe-
cies Manual Volume II Particulate Matter Species Pro-
files, second edition,' EPA-450/2-90-001b, January
1990.
Keywords: 'Data file, Organic compounds, Air pollu-
tion, Diskettes, 'Volatile organic compounds, 'Particu-
late matter, 'Speciation factors, Particulates, Emission
factors.
PB90-501834/HSU	CP T03
National Sewage Sludge Survey (NSSS) (SAS
Transport Version). Data file.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Analysis and Evaluation Div.
C. White. 1989, mag tape* EPA/DF/MT-90/028
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Price includes documentation, PB90-198961.
The National Sewage Sludge Survey (NSSS) consists
of two tapes: the Analytical Assessment of Sewage
Sludge at Final Disposal and the 1988 Sewage Sludge
Use and Disposal Questionnaire Survey. The Analyti-
cal Assessment tape contains data from samples col-
lected from secondary treatment Publicly Owned
Treatment Works (POTWs) just prior to disposal. The
samples of sludge were analyzed chemically to quanti-
tate the concentration of organic pollutants, metals,
dioxins, and pesticides. These were from a sampling
frame of 11,346 POTWs in the contiguous United
States. The Sewage Sludge Use and Disposal tape
contains data collected on sewage sludge generation
and disposal practices resulting from a national, strati-
fied random probability sample of 479 secondary treat-
ment POTWs. These facilities were drawn from a sam-
pling frame of 11,407 POTWs. Questions addressed
service area, POTW operating practices, sewage
sludge generation, wastewater pretreatment,
wastewater and sewage sludge testing, POTW finan-
cial information, and specific sewage sludge use and
disposal practices. Four hundred sixty-two participat-
ing facilities provided responses.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Sludge disposal, Sewage treat-
ment, Public utilities, Chemical analysis, Tests. Mag-
netic tapes, 'Sewage sludge, Sludge treatment, Waste
water treatment.
PB90-502022/HSU	CP D02
PM-10 Open Fugitive Dust Source Computer
Model (for Microcomputers). Model-Simulation.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
L. Elmore. Apr 90,2 diskettes EPA/SW/DK-90/031
The model is contained on 5 1/4-Inch diskettes,
double density (360K), compatible with the IBM PC/AT
microcomputer. The diskettes are in the ASCII format.
Price includes documentation, PB89-103691 and
PB90-207978.
The computer programs in the package are based on
the material presented in the document, 'Control of
Open Fugitive Dust Sources, EPA-450/3-88-008.' The
programs on these diskettes serve two purposes.
Their primary purpose is to facilitate the process of
data entry, allowing the user not only to enter and
verify the data which he/she possesses, but also to
access additional data which might not be readily
available. The second purpose is to calculate emission
rates for the particular source category selected using
the data previously entered and verified. Software De-
scription: The program is written in BASIC program-
ming language for implementation on an IBM-PC/AT
and compatible machines using DOS.2X or higher op-
erating system. Hard disk with 5 1 /4 inch disk drive or
two disk drives, wide carriage printer (132-character)
or printer capable of printing text in condensed mode
required. Text editor or word processing program ca-
pable of manipulating ASCII or DOS text files is option-
al.
Keywords: 'Models-simulation, 'Dust, 'Air pollution,
Estimating, Rates(Per time), Sources, Diskettes, 'Fu-
gitive emissions, L=BASIC, L=IBM PC/AT.
PB90-S02030/HSU	CP T14
Toxic Release Inventory (TRI), 1988. Data file.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
G. D. Nowak, and E. Merrick. 1988, mag tape* EPA/
DF/MT-90/030
See also PB89-186068.
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. For price at
6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Products. Price
includes documentation, PB90-207986.
Section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Communi-
ty Rlght-to-Know Act of the Superfund Amendments
and Reauthorization Act of 1986 requires EPA to es-
tablish a national inventory of toxic chemical emissions
from certain facilities. The final Toxic Chemical Re-
lease Form R and regulations for the 1987 reporting
year were published in the Federal Register on Febru-
ary 16, 1988 (53 FR 4500-4554). The list of toxic
chemicals subject to reporting consisted initially of
chemicals listed for similar reporting purposes by the
States of New Jersey and Maryland. There are over
300 chemicals and categories on these lists. The re-
porting requirement applies to owners and operators
of facilities that have 10 or more full-time employees,
that are in Standard Industrial Classification codes 20
through 39 (i.e., manufacturing facilities) and that man-
ufacture (including importing), process or otherwise
use a listed toxic chemical in excess of specified
threshold quantities.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Industrial wastes, Manufactur-
ing, Inventories, Magnetic tapes, 'Toxic substances,
'Chemical effluents, 'Pollution regulations. Emergen-
cy Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, Re-
porting requirements, Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act of 1986.
PB90-502071/HSU	CP T02
Environmental Fate Data Base (ENVIROFATE):
Journal Citations (XREF), April 1990. Data file.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances.
R. Boethling, and N. Tirado. Apr 90, mag tape EPA/
DF/MT-90/032
Supersedes PB90-501313.
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. For price at
6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Products.
The file contains the full reference (authors, titles and
citation) for references included in Datalog, Biolog,
and Chemfate databases. The references are linked to
the other files by reference number. Each record con-
tains a reference number (RNO) (6 bytes), a list of au-
thors separated by semi-colons (AUT) (150 bytes), a
title (TLE) (244 bytes), the journal of source (JRN (200
bytes), the citation (CIT) (200 bytes), and the year
(YRP) (19nn or blank if not applicable) (4 bytes).
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Pollution, Biodeterioration, Ab-
stracts, Periodicals, 'Environmental fate, 'Data bases,
'Chemical effluents, Ecological concentration, Envi-
ronmental persistence, Bioaccumulation.
PB90-502097/HSU	CP T03
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
(NAPAP) Modelers' Emissions Inventory, 1985,
Species Allocation Factors, Version 2. Data file.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
J. D. Mobley, and M. Saeger. 1985, mag tape EPA/
DF/MT-90/033
See also PB88-137153, PB88-137138, and PB90-
500992.
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. For price at
6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Products. Price
includes documentation, PB90-212200.
The tape includes all of the files and data preparation
programs required to implement the speciation proc-
essing of the 1985 NAPAP Emissions Inventory. The
purpose and use of each of these files and programs
are described in the referenced report. The report de-
scribes the methodologies and data bases used to de-
velop species allocation factors and da ta processing
software used to develop the 1985 National Acid Pre-
cipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP) Modelers'
Emissions Inventory (Version 2). Species allocation
factors were developed to convert annual emissions
estimates of hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides (NOx), and
total suspended particulates (TSP) into more resolved
classes to be used in modeling and assessment activi-
ties. The factors were used to divide: the hydrocarbon
estimates in the annual inventory into 32 representa-
tive chemical classes based on common reactivity and
product species, the NOx estimates into NO and N02,
and the TSP estimates into 15 classes based on com-
ponent species and size ranges. Temporal, spatial,
and pollutant species allocation factors have been de-
veloped to convert annual emissions data into re-
solved modeling formats suitable for use as input to re-
gional transport models such as the Regional Acid
Deposition Model. The level of resolution required for
the allocation factors was defined by the modelers
based on analyses of model performance and emis-
sions data bases.
Keywords: 'Data file, Models, Estimates, Chemical
analysis, Nitrogen oxides, Hydrocarbons, Magnetic
tapes, 'National Acid Precipitation Assessment Pro-
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
gram, "Acid rain, "Emission inventories, Species allo-
cation factors, Particulates, Data bases.
PB90-502253/HSU	CP D01
DEQADIS (DEnse GAs Dispersion) Model, Version
2.1 (for Microcomputers). Model-Simulation.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
D Guinnup. 1989,1 diskette EPA/SW/DK-90/034
Supersedes PB88-202379. Computer: DEC VAX. Lan-
guage: FORTRAN. The program is written in FOR-
TRAN for compilation and execution on a DEC VAX
computer. Implementation on any other system may
be attempted at the risk of the user. To facilitate dis-
semination of the model, it is being provided on dis-
kette.
The software is contained on one 360K, 5 1/4-inch
diskette, double density. File format: Executable code
only. The diskettes are in the ASCII format. Price in-
cludes documentation, PB90-213893.
An improved Jet-Plume model has been interfaced
with DEGADIS to provide for prediction of the trajecto-
ry and dilution of elevated dense gas jets to ground
contact. DEGADIS predicts the ensuing ground-level
plume dispersion. The Jet-Plume model provides for:
automatic adjustment of integration step-size (using
the Runge-Kutta-Gill method as in DEGADIS): elliptical
plume shape (cross-section), with the Pasquill-Gifford
plume dispersion coefficient representation of atmos-
pheric turbulent entrainment; user specification of
averaging time; ground reflection when the plume
(lower) boundary reaches ground level; and applica-
tion to scenarios where the plume remains aloft. The
model should be uploaded via modem from a PC termi-
nal to host a VAX computer, and several files must
then be renamed prior to compilation and execution.
The program is written in FORTRAN for compilation
and execution on a DEC VAX Computer.
Keywords: "Model-simulation, "Air pollution, "Disper-
sions, "Plumes, Gases, Mathematical models, Dilution,
Trajectories, Diskettes, Chemical effluents.
L=Fortran, H = DEC VAX.
PB90-502311/HSU	CD-ROM $45.00
Toxic: Release Inventory (TRI), 1987 (for CD-ROM).
Data file.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
G. D. Nowak, and E. Merrick. 1987, CD-ROM" EPA/
DF/CD-90/039
See also PB90-502030 and PB89-186068. Includes
search and retrieval software on two 360K, 5 1 /4-inch
diskettes, double sided, and user instructions. System:
DOS Compatible; PC DOS 3.0 operating system. Mi-
crosoft Extensions 2 or higher is required.
The data file is contained on one 4.72 inch disc. Data
format: ISO 9660. Issued annually.
Section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Communi-
ty Right-to-Know Act (also known as Title III) of the Su-
perfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986
(Public Law 99-499) requires EPA to establish a Na-
tional Inventory of toxic chemical emissions from cer-
tain facilities. The following information is required: the
name, location and type of business; off-site locations
to which the facility transfers toxic chemicals in waste;
whether the chemical is manufactured (including im-
portation), processed, or otherwise used and the gen-
eral categories of use of the chemical; an estimate (in
ranges) of the maximum amounts of the toxic chemical
present at the facility at any time during the preceding
year; quantity of the chemical entering each medium -
air, land, and water - annually; waste treatment/dis-
posal methods and efficiency of methods for each
waste stream; optional information on waste minimiza-
tion; and a certification by a senior facility official that
the report is complete and accurate. The law man-
dates that the data be made publicly available through
a computer database.
Keywords: "Data file, "Toxicity, "Hazardous materials,
•Industrial plants, Industries, Manufacturing, Air pollu-
tion Water pollution. Industrial waste treatment, Waste
disposal, CD-ROM, Diskettes, Chemicals, Land pollu-
tion, Environmental Protection Agency.
PB90-502410/HSU	CP,P°1
Fugitive Dust Model (FDM) (for Microcomputers).
Model-Simulation.	e.««i» wa
Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, WA.
Region X.
P. Carey. May 90,1 diskette* EPA/SW/DK-90/041
Computer: IBM/PC compatible. DOS operating
system, 500K. Language: FORTRAN. The model may
be adapted for operation on a mainframe or other
computer system. The model requirements for PC op-
eration are a minimum of 500K of memory and a math
coprocessor-chip (e.g. 80287, etc.). An additional re-
quirement is that the device driver, ANSI.SYS or a
compatible be installed on the machine.
The software is contained on one 1.2M, 5 1 /4-inch dis-
kette, high density. File format: Multiple formats. Price
includes documentation, PB90-215203.
The Fugitive Dust Model (FDM) is a computerized air
quality model specifically designed for computing con-
centration and deposition impacts from fugitive dust
sources. The sources may be point, line or area
sources. The model has not been designed to com-
pute the impacts of buoyant point sources, thus it con-
tains no plume-rise algorithm. The model is generally
based on the well-known Gaussian Plume formulation
for computing concentrations, but the model has been
specifically adapted to incorporate an improved gradi-
ent-transfer deposition algorithm. Emissions for each
source are apportioned by the user into a series of par-
ticle size classes. A gravitational setting velocity and a
deposition velocity are calculated by FDM for each
class. Concentration and deposition are computed at
all user selectable receptor locations...Software De-
scription: The model is written in the Fortran program-
ming language for implementation on an IBM PC com-
patible using the DOS operating system.
Keywords: "Models-Simulation, "Air pollution, Dust,
Plumes, Particle size, Concentration(Composition),
Dispersions, Diskettes, "Air quality, Fugitive emissions,
Point sources, Nonpoint sources, Diffusion modeling,
L=Fortran, H = IBM PC.
PB90-504051/HSU
see individual report for order number and
price
Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) (for Microcomput-
ers): United States ana Territories (In dBase III
Plus). Data file.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
1988,60 diskettes Release Inventory (TRI) (for
Microcomput
System: IBM/PC-AT; DOS 3.1 or higher operating
system. See also PB89-199020.
The datafile Is contained on one 1.2M, 5 1/4 inch dis-
kette, high density. File format: dBase III Plus. Price in-
cludes documentation, PB90-238908.
The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
of 1986 (Public Law 99-499) requires EPA to establish
an inventory of routine toxic chemical emissions from
certain facilities. The reporting requirement for Ala-
bama applies to owners and operators of facilities that
have 10 or more full-time employees, that are in Stand-
ard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes 20 through 39
(i.e., manufacturing facilities) and that manufacture (in-
cluding importing), process or otherwise use a listed
toxic chemical in excess of specified threshold quanti-
ties. The following information is required on Form R;
the name, location and type of business; off-site loca-
tions to which the facility transfers toxic chemicals in
waste (whether the chemical is manufactured (includ-
ing importation), processed, or otherwise used and the
general categories of use of the chemicals; and an es-
timate (in ranges) of the maximum amounts of the toxic
chemical present at the facility at any time during the
preceding year); and quantity of the chemical entering
each medium-air, land, and water-annually (waste
treatment/disposal methods and efficiency of meth-
ods for each waste stream, optional information on
waste minimization, and a certification by a senior facil-
ity official that the report is complete and accurate).
Alabama. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
502956/HSU
Alaska. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-502964/
HSU
American Samoa. 1988,1 diskette DK D01
PB90-502972/H8U
Arizona. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-602980/
H8U
Arkansas. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
502998/HSU
California. 1988,2 diskettes DK D02 PB90-
503004/HSU
Colorado. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503012/HSU
Connecticut. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503020/HSU
Delaware. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503038/HSU
District of Columbia. 1988,1 diskette DK D01
PB90-503046/HSU
Florida. 1988.1 diskette DK D01 PB90-503053/
HSU
Georgia. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-503061/
HSU
Hawaii. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-503079/
HSU
Idaho. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-503087/
HSU
Illinois. 1988,2 diskettes DK D01 PB90-503095/
HSU
Indiana. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-503103/
HSU
Iowa. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-503111/
HSU
Kansas. 1988,1 diskette, DK D01 PB90-503129/
HSU
Kentucky. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503137/HSU
Louisiana. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
S03145/HSU
Maine. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB9O-503152/
HSU
Maryland. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503160/HSU
Massachusetts. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503178/HSU
Michigan. 1988,2 diskettes DK CX}1 PB90-
503186/HSU
Minnesota. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503194/HSU
Missouri. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503202/HSU
Mississippi. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503210/HSU
Montana. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503228/HSU
Nebraska. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503236/HSU
Nevada. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-503244/
HSU
New Hampshire. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
S03251/HSU
New Jersey. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503269/HSU
New Mexico. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
603277/HSU
New York. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503285/HSU
North Carolina. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503293/HSU
North Dakota. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503301/HSU
Ohio. 1988,2 diskettes DK D02 PB90-503319/
HSU
Oklahoma. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503327/HSU
Oregon. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-503335/
HSU
Pennsylvania. 1988,2 diskettes DK D02 PB90-
503343/HSU
Puerto Rico. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
603350/HSU
Rhode Island. 19B8,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503368/HSU
South Carolina. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
603376/HSU
South Dakota. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 P890-
503384/HSU
Tennessee. 1988,1 diskette DKD01 PBSO-
503392/HSU
Texas. 1988,2 diskettes DK D02 PB90-503400/
HSU
Utah. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-S034K/
HSU
Vermont. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503426/HSU
Virginia. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-503434/
HSU
Virgin Islands. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503442/HSU
Washington. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
6034S9/HSU
West Virginia. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503467/HSU
Wisconsin. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503476/HSU
Wyoming. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
603483/H8U
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
PB90-504069/HSU
see individual report for order number and
price
Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) (for Microcomput-
ers): United States and Territories (In Lotus 1-2-3).
Data file.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
1988,74 diskettes Release Inventory (TRI) (for
Microcomput
System: IBM/PC-AT; DOS 3.1 or higher operating
system, 640K. See also PB89-199558 and PB90-
504028.
The datafile is contained on one 1.2M, 5 1/4 inch dis-
kette, high density. File format: Lotus 1-2-3. Price in-
cludes documentation, PB90-238908.
The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
of 1986 (Public Law 99-499) requires EPA to establish
an inventory of routine toxic chemical emissions from
certain facilities. The reporting requirement for Ala-
bama applies to owners and operators of facilities that
have 10 or more full-time employees, that are in Stand-
ard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes 20 through 39
(i.e., manufacturing facilities) and that manufacture (in-
cluding importing), process or otherwise use a listed
toxic chemical in excess of specified threshold quanti-
ties. The following information is required on Form R:
the name, location and type of business; off-site loca-
tions to which the facility transfers toxic chemicals in
waste (whether the chemical is manufactured (includ-
ing importation), processed, or otherwise used and the
general categories of use of the chemicals; and an es-
timate (in ranges) of the maximum amounts of the toxic
chemical present at the facility at any time during the
preceding year); and quantity of the chemical entering
each medium-air, land, and water-annually (waste
treatment/disposal methods and efficiency of meth-
ods for each waste stream, optional information on
waste minimization, and a certification by a senior facil-
ity official that the report is complete and accurate).
Alabama. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
S03491/HSU
Alaska. 1988,1 diskette DK D01. PB90-S03509/
HSU
American Samoa. 1988,1 diskette DK D01
PB90-503517/HSU
Arizona. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-503525/
HSU
Arkansas. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503533/HSU
California. 1988,4 diskettes DK D02 PB90-
503541/HSU
Colorado. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503558/HSU
Connecticut. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503566/HSU
Delaware. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
S03S74/HSU
District of Columbia. 1988,1 diskette DK D01
PB90-503582/HSU
Florida. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-503590/
HSU
Georgia. 1988,2 diskettes DK D02 PB90-
S03608/HSU
Hawaii. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-503616/
HSU
Idaho. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-503624/
HSU
Illinois. 1988,3 diskettes DK D02 PB90-503632/
HSU
Indiana. 1988,2 diskettes DK D02 PB90-
503640/HSU
Iowa. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-503657/
HSU
Kansas. 19B8,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-503865/
HSU
Kentucky. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503673/HSU
Louisiana. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503681/HSU
Maine. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-503699/
HSU
Maryland. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503707/HSU
Massachusetts. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503715/HSU
Michigan. 1988,2 diskettes DKD02 PB90-
503723/HSU
Minnesota. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503731/HSU
Missouri. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503749/HSU
Mississippi. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503756/HSU
Montana. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
S03764/HSU
Nebraska. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503772/HSU
Nevada. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-503780/
HSU
New Hampshire. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503798/HSU
New Jersey. 1988,2 diskettes DK D02 PB90-
503806/HSU
New Mexico. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503814/HSU
New York. 1988,2 diskettes DK D02 PB90-
503822/HSU
North Carolina. 1988,2 diskettes DK D02 PB90-
S03830/HSU
North Dakota. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503848/HSU
Ohio. 1988, 4 diskettes DK D02 PB90-503855/
HSU
Oklahoma. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
S03863/HSU
Oregon. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-503871/
HSU
Pennsylvania. 1988,3 diskettes DK D02 PB90-
503889/HSU
Puerto Rico. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503897/HSU
Rhode Island. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
S0390S/HSU
South Carolina. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503913/HSU
South Dakota. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503921 /HSU
Tennessee. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503939/HSU
Texas. 1988,4 diskettes DK D02 PB90-503947/
HSU
Utah. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-503954/
HSU
Vermont. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503962/HSU
Virginia. 1988,1 diskette DK 001 PB90-503970/
HSU
Virgin Islands. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503988/HSU
Washington. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
503996/HSU
West Virginia. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
504002/HSU
Wisconsin. 1988,2 diskettes DK D02 PB90-
S04010/HSU
Wyoming. 1988,1 diskette DK D01 PB90-
504028/HSU
PB90-504051 /HSU
see individual report for order number and
price
Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) (for Microcomput-
ers): United States ana Territories (In dBase III
Plus). Data files.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
1988,80 diskettes Release Inventory (TRI) (for
Microcomput
Set includes 60 diskettes, PB90-502956 through
PB90-503483. System: IBM/PC-AT; DOS 3.1 or higher
operating system. The complete set is contained on 33
1.2M and 27 360K, S 1/4 inch diskettes. See also
PB89-199004.
The datafile is contained on 60 360K and 1.2M, S 1/4
inch diskettes. File format: dBase III Plus. Price in-
cludes documentation, PB90-238908.
No abstract available.
Toxic Release Inventory (TRI), United States and
Territories (in dBase III Plus). 1988,60 diskettes
DKD99 PB90-504051/HSU
P890-604069/HSU
see individual report for order number and
price
Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) (for Microcomput-
ers): United States and Territories (In Lotus 1-2-3).
Data files.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
1988,74 diskettes Release Inventory (TRI) (for
Microcomput
Set includes 74 diskettes, PB90-503491 through
PB90-504028. System: IBM/PC-AT; DOS 3.1 or higher
operating system. The complete set is contained on 48
1.2M and 26 360K diskettes. See also PB89-199541.
The datafile is contained on 74 360K and 1.2M, 5 1/4
inch diskettes. File format: Lotus 1-2-3. Price includes
documentation, PB90-238908.
No abstract available.
Toxic Release Inventory (TRI), United States and
Territories (in Lotus 1 -2-3). 1988,60 diskettes
DK D99 PB90-504069/HSU
PB90-504119/HSU	CP D05
Complex Terrain Dispersion Model Plus
(CTDMPLUS) (for Microcomputers). Model-Simula-
tion.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Atmospheric Research and Exposure As-
sessment Lab.
Jun 90,1 diskette* EPA/SW/DK-90/164
System: IBM PC or compatible; MS DOS operating
system. Language: FORTRAN77 and Pascal. At-
tempts to run the modeling system without a math co-
processor will cause a runtime error number of 4001.
Supersedes PB88-161682 and PB88-162169.
The software is contained on one 1,2M, 51/4 inch dis-
kette, high density. File format: ASCII. Price includes
documentation, PB90-243809.
The Complex Terrain Dispersion Model Plus
(CTDMPLUS) is a refined air quality model for use in all
stability conditions for complex terrain applications. It
contains the technology of the original Complex Ter-
rain Dispersion Model (CTDM) for stable and neutral
conditions, but also models daytime, unstable condi-
tions. The model makes use of considerable detail in
the terrain and meteorological data (as compared to
current EPA regulatory models) and requires the para-
meterization of individual terrain features, thus consid-
ering the three-dimensional nature of the interaction of
the plume and terrain.
Keywords: 'Models-Simulation, 'Dispersions, 'Terrain
models, Meteorological data, Plumes, Air pollution,
Diskettes, 'Air quality display model, Environmental
Protection Agency.
PB90-504226/HSU	CP T05
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical
Substances Inventory: Revised Inventory Syno-
nym and Preferred Name File, March 1990. Data
file.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Mar 90, mag tape* EPA/DF/MT-90/168
System: IBM 3090 400E; MVS/ESA Sp3.l.OE operat-
ing system. File format EBCDIC. Supersedes PB89-
120489. See also PB86-220795 and PB86-220803.
Available in 9-track EBCDIC character set, 1800 bpi.
For 6250 bpi, the price is T04. Price includes docu-
mentation, PB90-237447.
The computer tape contains the Inventory Synonym
Name File and the Inventory Preferred Name File of
the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Toxic Sub-
stance Inventory. These files reflect the 80,452 sub-
stances on the non-confidential Inventory file as of
March 30, 1990. The EPA 'N' flag, which indicates a
polymeric substance containing no free-radical initiator
in its Inventory name, but is considered to cover the
designated polymer made with any free-radical initiator
regardless of the amount used, appears on these
tapes for the appropriate polymers that were included
in the 1990 Supplement, the tapes do not include this
flag for polymers that were listed in the 1985 Edition. A
review of the statistics for the amounts of CBI and non-
CBI records on the source file and the file that pro-
duced these tapes, as well as the types of data ele-
ments selected, confirms that no TSCA CBI data are
on the tapes.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Environmental
surveys, 'Data file. Magnetic tapes, 'Toxic sub-
stances, 'Emission inventories, 'Chemical elements,
Nomenclatures, US EPA, CAS numbers.
PB90-591290/HSU	Subscription
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Test Sub-
missions Data Base (TSCATS). Comprehensive
Update Tape. Data file.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Toxic Substances.
Mar 90, mag tape*
Supersedes PB88-912900.
Source tape is in the ASCII character set. This restricts
preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
recording mode by specifying density only. For price at
6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Products. Avail-
able on subscription, North American Continent price
$1,360.00/year; individual issue $340.00; all others
write for quote. Issued quarterly.
The Toxic Substances Control Act Test Submissions
Database (TSCATS) was developed to make unpub-
lished test data available to the public. The test data is
submitted to the US Environmental Protection Agency
by industry under the Toxic Substances Control Act.
Test is broadly defined to include case reports, episod-
ic incidents, such as spills, and formal test study pres-
entations. The database allows searching of test sub-
missions according to specific chemical identity or type
of study when used with an appropriate search retriev-
al software program. Studies are indexed under three
broad subject areas: health effects, environmental ef-
fects and environmental fate. Additional controlled vo-
cabulary terms are assigned which describe the exper-
imental protocol and test observations. Records identi-
fy reference information needed to locate the source
document, as well as the submitting organization and
reason for submission of the test data.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Tests, Industrial accidents,
Public health, Magnetic tapes, "Toxic substances con-
trol act, Environmental effects, Environmental im-
pacts, Environmental health.
PB90-591300/HSU	Subscription
Resource Conservation Recovery Act Notification
Data File. Data file.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste.
Mar 90, mag tape
Supersedes PB88-913800.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts prep, to 9 track, one-half inch tape only. Identify
recording mode by specifying density only. For price at
6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Products. Price
includes documentation, PB90-214388. Avail, on sub-
scription, North American Continent price $3560.00/
year; indiv. issue $890.00; all others write for quote.
Issued quarterly.
The file contains data compiled for the Resource Con-
servation Recovery Act. Notification of Hazardous
Waste Activity, EPA Form 8700-12 was used to collect
the data. The file was updated with information com-
piled from the application for a Hazardous Waste
Permit, EPA Form 3510-3. The data includes names
and addresses of the facility owner and operator, as
well as the facility contact name and number. The data
indicates whether a facility is a generator, treatment/
storer/disposer, and/or transporter of hazardous
waste. There is also a listing of code numbers of waste
handled taken from 40CFR, Part 261. The tapes do not
contain enforcement sensitive data. Users should also
note that Part A information such as design capacity,
and other quantity information is only estimated and
does not represent a true value for the represented fa-
cilities.
Keywords: 'Data file, 'Hazardous materials, Waste
treatment, Magnetic tapes, 'Solid waste disposal,
Waste processing, Solid waste management.
PB90-591310/HSU	Subscription
CERCLIS (Comprehensive Environmental Re-
sponse, Compensation, and Liability Information
System) Site Location Extract. Data file.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
1990, magtape*
Supersedes PB88-914800. See also PB90-591300.
Source tape is in the EBCDIC character set. This re-
stricts preparation to 9 track, one-half inch tape only.
Identify recording mode by specifying density only. For
price at 6250 bpi density, call NTIS Computer Prod-
ucts. Price include documentation, PB90-215120.
Available on subscription, NAC price $880/yr; individ-
ual issue $220; all others write for quote. Issued quar-
terly.
The file contains data on potentially hazardous waste
sites that have been reported to the Environmental
Protection Agency by States, Murncipalittes.
companies and private persons, pursuant to Section
103 of the Comprehensive Environmentai ^e3^ns®;
Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980 as
amended. The file contains information on the name
and alias names, location, and indicators for National
Priority status and Federal Facility.
1702 Vol. 90, No. 24
Keywords: 'Data file, "Hazardous materials, "Waste
disposal, "Sites, Latitude, Longitude, Magnetic tapes,
Environmental Protection Agency, Comprehensive En-
vironmental Response Compensation and Liability
Act.
PB90-591330/HSU	Standing Order
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) (for
IBM PC/AT Microcomputers). Data file.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Apr 90,7 diskettes
Supersedes PB88-215884.
The data file is contained on 5 1 /4-inch diskettes, high
density (1.2M), compatible with the IBM PC/AT micro-
computer. The diskettes are in the ASCII format. Avail-
able on Standing Order, Deposit Account required.
North American Continent price based on number of
updates; individual issue $130.00; all others write for
quote. Issued quarterly.
The Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), an on-
line database of chemical-specific risk information,
provides information on how chemicals affect human
health and is a primary source of EPA risk assessment
information on chemicals of environmental concern. It
is intended to serve as a guide for the hazard identifi-
cation and dose-response assessment steps of EPA
risk assessments. IRIS makes chemical-specific risk
information readily available to those who must per-
form risk assessments and also increases consistency
in risk management decisions. The principal section of
IRIS is the chemical files. The chemical files contain:
oral and inhalation reference doses for noncarcino-
gens; oral and inhalation carcinogen assessments;
summarized Drinking Water Health Advisories; sum-
maries of selected EPA regulations; and supplementa-
ry data (for example, acute toxicity information and
physical-chemical properties). The two primary types
of health assessment information in IRIS are reference
doses and carcinogen assessments.
Keywords: "Data file, "Permissible dosage, "Risk,
Toxic tolerances, Carcinogens, Regulations, Dis-
kettes, "Chemicals, Environmental factors, Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Drinking water, Inhalation.
PB90-591340/HSU	Standing Order
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) (for
IBM PC Microcomputers). Data file.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Apr 90,20 diskettes
Supersedes PB88-215892.
The data file is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskettes,
double density (360K), compatible with the IBM PC
microcomputer. The diskettes are in the ASCII format.
Available on Standing Order, Deposit Account re-
quired. North American Continent price based on
number of updates; individual issue $230.00; all others
write for quote.
The Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), an on-
line database of chemical-specific risk information,
provides information on how chemicals affect human
health and is a primary source of EPA risk assessment
information on chemicals of environmental concern. It
is intended to serve as a guide for the hazard identifi-
cation and dose-response assessment steps of EPA
risk assessments. IRIS makes chemical-specific risk
information readily available to those who must per-
form risk assessments and also increases consistency
in risk management decisions. The principal section of
IRIS is the chemical files. The chemical files contain:
oral and inhalation reference doses for noncarclno-
gens; oral and inhalation carcinogen assessments;
summarized Drinking Water Health Advisories; sum-
maries of selected EPA regulations; and supplementa-
ry data (for example, acute toxicity information and
physical-chemical properties). The two primary types
of health assessment information in IRIS are reference
doses and carcinogen assessments.
Keywords: "Data file, "Permissible dosage, "Risk,
Toxic tolerances, Carcinogens, Regulations, Dis-
kettes, "Chemicals, Environmental factors, Environ-
mental Protection Agency, Drinking water, Inhalation.
PB90-591690/HSU	Standing Order
Organic Contract Compliance Screening System
(OCCSS) Software (for Microcomputers). Software.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
12 Feb 90,1 diskette*
Supersedes PB89-944900.
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskettes,
high density (1.2M), compatible with the IBM PC micro-
computer. The diskettes are in the ASCII format. Price
includes documentation, PB90-213844. Available on
Standing Order, Deposit Account required. North
American Continent price $200.00; all others write for
quote.
Organic Contract Compliance Screening System
(OCCSS) software is a version of a mainframe-based
application developed for the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency's National Contract Laboratory Pro-
gram (CLP). OCCSS is designed to automate the de-
termination of contractural compliance and complete-
ness of data submitted to the EPA under the Routine
Analytical Sen/ices (RAS) programs of CERCLA (Com-
prehensive Emergency Response Clean-up and Liabil-
ity Act) and SARA (Superfund Amendments and Reau-
thorization Act). In order to remain consistent with the
mainframe system, the PC version of OCCSS is written
in SAS and requires that SAS/PC be installed on the
host PC. It will load analytical data from diskettes into
SAS file format, perform technical edits on data,
produce technical defect and summary reports, and
reproduce forms which contain defects. In addition,
OCCSS includes software to assist in identifying these
critical structural defects in the data format, to assist in
identifying these for correction prior to performing
technical edits. The 2/90 version of OCCSS software
is applicable to structural and technical checking of
diskette data in either format A or B for organic analy-
sis under the CLP RAS 2/88 Statement of Work
(SOW)...Software Description: The program is written
in the SAS programming language for implementation
on an IBM/AT,PS/2 or compatible microcomputer
using MS DOS 3.3 operating system.
Keywords: 'Software, 'Contract administration, 'Mon-
itoring, Organic chemistry, Chemical analysis, Dis-
kettes, "Comprehensive Emergency Response Clean-
up and Liability Act(CERCLA), 'Superfund Amend-
ments and Reauthorization Act(SARA), Environmental
Protection Agency, L=SAS, H = IBM PC/AT; IBM PS/
2.
PB90-591700/HSU	Standing Order
Inorganic Contract Compliance Screening System
(ICCSS) Software (for Microcomputers). Software.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Emergency and Remedial Response.
12 Feb 90,1 diskette*
The software is contained on 5 1/4-inch diskettes,
high density (1,2M), compatible with the IBM PC micro-
computer. The diskettes are in the ASCII format. Price
includes documentation. PB90-213836. Available on
Standing Order, Deposit Account required. North
American Continent price $200.00; all others write for
quote.
Inorganic Contract Compliance Screening System
(ICCSS) software is a version of a mainframe-based
application developed for the U.S. Environmental Pro-
tection Agency's National Contract Laboratory Pro-
gram (CLP). ICCSS Is designed to automate the deter-
mination of contractural compliance and complete-
ness of data submitted to the EPA under the Routine
Analytical Services (RAS) programs of CERCLA (Com-
prehensive Emergency Response Clean-up and Liabil-
ity Act) and SARA (Superfund Amendments and Reau-
thorization Act). In order to remain consistent with the
mainframe system, the PC version of ICCSS is written
in SAS and requires that SAS/PC be installed on the
host PC. It will load analytical data from diskettes into
SAS file format, perform technical edits on data,
produce technical defect and summary reports, and
reproduce forms which contain defects. In addition,
ICCSS includes software to assist in identifying these
critical structural defects in the data format, to assist in
identifying these for correction prior to performing
technical edits. The 3/90 version of ICCSS software is
applicable to structural and technical checking of dis-
kette data in either format A or B for inorganic analysis
under the CLP RAS 2/88 Statement of Work
(SOW)...Software Description: The program Is written
in the SAS programming language for implementation
on an IBM/AT,PS/2 or compatible microcomputer
using MS DOS 3.3 operating system.
Keywords: "Software, "Contract administration, "Mon-
itoring, Inorganic chemistry, Chemical analysis, Dis-
kettes, 'Comprehensive Emergency Response Clean-
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
ments and Reauthorization Act(SARA), Environmental
Protection Agency, L=SAS, H = IBM PC/AT; IBM PS/
2.
PB90-780016/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Apply Pesticides Correctly: A Programmed In-
struction Learning Program for Private Applica-
tors.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
J. R. Meltzner. Mar 76,173p EPA/540/09-88/141
Also available from Supt. of Docs.Portions of this doc-
ument are not fully legible. Prepared in cooperation
with Washington State Univ., Pullman, and Depart-
ment of Agriculture Extension Service, Washington,
The programmed text on pesticide application pro-
vides practical information needed to meet the mini-
mum Federal regulation requirements for the use of
certain pesticides. The seven chapters cover pest and
pest control, pesticides, labels and labeling, applica-
tion equipment, use and maintenance of equipment,
using pesticides safely, and the environment and the
law. Each chapter consists of a pretest, posttest, and
the learning program. The test questions require learn-
er response and provide for immediate feedback.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, "Training devices, Pests, Pest
control, Marking, Labels, Law(Jurisprudence), Safety,
Equipment, Maintenance, National government, Ques-
tionnaires, 'Computer assisted instruction.
PB90-780115/HSU	PC A22/MF AOS
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, IX.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Enforcement Pro|ect Management Handbook. Di-
rective (Final).
Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., Bethesda, MD.
Jul 89,508p OSWER DIRECTIVE-9837.2
Contract EPA-68-01 -7331
See also PB87-183133 and PB87-183141. Sponsored
by Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
The publication is a basic reference and training
manual to assist EPA Superfund field personnel (Re-
medial Project Managers and On Scene Coordinators)
in planning, negotiating and managing potentially re-
sponsible party (PRP) searches and PRP-lead actions
at Superfund sites. It provides an overview of each
phase of the Superfund enforcement process and dis-
cusses specific roles and responsibilities of the RPM/
OSC in the process.
Keywords: 'Hazardous materials, 'Waste disposal,
Site surveys, Manuals, National government, State
government, Law enforcement, Management, Hand-
books, Operations, Maintenance, Superfund.
PB90-780446/HSU	AVS35.00
Form R: A Better Understanding. Audiovisual.
Environmental Protection Agency, Philadelphia, PA.
Region III.
1990,1VHS video
Prepared in cooperation with Virginia Dept. of Waste
Management, Richmond, and Du Pont de Nemours
(E.I.) and Co., Wilmington, DE.
Under SARA Title III, Section 313, manufacturers (SIC
Codes 2000-3999) that have greater than 10 employ-
ees and use listed toxic chemicals (currently, the list
covers 302 chemicals and 20 chemical categories)
above threshold quantities are required to complete
Form R annually by July 1. Form R contains informa-
tion about the release of the chemical to all environ-
mental media as well as transfers of the chemical off
site. The article will help you to understand the report-
ing requirements under Section 313 and how to prop-
erly fill out Form R. In addition, an industry perspective
on how to estimate release is included.
Keywords: 'Chemical compounds, 'Forms(Paper),
'Environmental surveys, 'Training devices, Industrial
wastes, Sites, Concentration(Composition), 'Toxic
substances, 'Waste management, 'Video taipes, Fed-
eral region III, SIC codes, Environmental transport, Re-
gional analysis, Standards compliance, 'Audio visual
material.
PB90-904200/HSU	Subscription
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Publica-
tions Bibliography, Quarterly Abstract Bulletin.
Quarterly.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Administration.
1990,4 issues
Supersedes PB89-904200.
Paper copy available on Subscription, North American
continent price $110.00/year; ail others write for
quote. Single copies also available.
EPA Publications Bibliography is a quarterly abstract
bulletin containing the abstracts, corporate source,
subject, contract number and title indexes. The fourth
issue of the year contains bibliographic citations with
abstracts for the proceeding quarter and cumulative in-
dexes for the calendar year.
Keywords: 'Bibliographies, 'Air pollution, 'Water pol-
lution, Abstracts, Subject indexing, Authors, Technical
reports, Regulations, Standards, Waste disposal,
Public health, 'Environmental protection, Air quality
maintenance, Air pollution effects.
PB90-911600/HSU	Subscription
Pesticide Compact Label File - 1990 Updates. Ir-
regular repts.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1990, open series
Supersedes PB89-911600.
Microfiche available on subscription, North American
Continent price $125/year; all others write for quote.
Basic set available as PB89-911699.
Photographs of updated and new pesticide labels plus
updated index to the entire Compact Label File. Con-
tains a collection of information on registered pesticide
labels. Information includes active ingredients and per-
centages of same; common name of active chemicals,
sites and pests for usage, dosage and safety informa-
tion. The subscription update service provides current
updates to the manual (base set).
Keywords: 'Documentation, 'Pesticides, Photo-
graphs, Microfilm, Labels, Information retrieval,
I ndexes(Documentation).
PB90-911699/HSU	Subscription
Compact Label File -1990 (Flche 1 - 4434).
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Pesticide Programs.
1990,4434p
Supersedes PB89-911699.
Demand Item. Updates also available on subscription
as PB90-911600.
Photographs of pesticide labels plus updated index to
the entire compact label file are presented. The 1990
file contains fiche No. 1 - 4434 plus the updated index.
Keywords: 'Pesticides, 'Labels, Photographs,
Indexes(Documentation), Data storage devices, Micro-
film, US EPA.
PB90-921100/HSU	Standing Order
Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables
Fourth Quarter FY 1989.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Oct 89,1 p*
Paper copy available on Standing Order, Deposit Ac-
count required (Minimum deposit $100 North Ameri-
can Continent; all others $200). Single copies also
available. Issued and superseded quarterly.
The document is an excellent 'pointer' system to iden-
tify current literature or changes in assessment criteria
for many chemicals of interest to Superfund. It was
prepared for Superfund use by the Environmental Cri-
teria and Assessment Office (ECAO- Cin) in EPA's
Office of Health and Environmental Assessment.
Chemicals considered are those for which Health Ef-
fects Assessment Documents, Health and Environ-
mental Effects Profiles, Health Assessment Docu-
ments or Air Quality Criteria Documents have been
prepared by ECAO. Radionuclides considered are
those believed to be most common at Superfund sites.
Tables summarize reference doses (RfDs) for toxicity
from subchronic and chronic inhalation, oral exposure,
slope factors and unit risk values for carcinogenicity
based on lifetime inhalation and oral exposure, and ra-
dionuclide carcinogenicity.
Keywords: 'Public health, 'Hazardous materials, 'Ra-
dioactive wastes, 'Chemical compounds, Waste dis-
posal, Exposure, Site surveys, Dosage, Tables(Data),
Risks, Reviews, 'Superfund program, 'Environmental
impact assessments, 'Biological effects, 'Health haz-
ards, Air quality. Environmental effects.
AD-A144 875/2/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Inhalation Toxicology of Fog Oil Obscurant.
Phase I. Inhalation Exposure Facility. Phase rept.
Oct 81-Jul 84,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Inhalation Toxicology Div.
D. W. Davies. Jul 84,63p
An inhalation exposure facility was developed, tested,
and operated to expose rodents to a fog oil obscurant.
The criteria considered in establishing the facility were:
adequate chamber and exposure facility ventilation,
control of chamber temperature, aerosol generation
and control, aerosol monitoring, aerosol homogeneity,
and aerosol removal. Conditioned air was supplied to
the laboratory area through volume dampers con-
trolled by thermostats providing individual air condi-
tioning for each room. Room air was filtered before en-
tering the chambers. Chamber temperature was moni-
tored using a thermocouple and digital display ther-
mometer and a control circuit provided chilled water to
the chamber inlet air coil if the temperature was higher
than desired. A manually adjusted blower pushed air
through the inlet air coil, particulate and gas filters, and
into a two-path generator/bypass loop.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, 'Oils, Fotj, Obscuration, Inha-
lation, Rodents, Aerosols, Monitoring, Control sys-
tems, Flow charting.
AD-A146 718/2/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Naval Weapons Center, China Lake, CA.
RESOLVE (Research on Operations-Limiting
Visual Extinction) Monitoring Program Plan Eval-
uation Using Historical Data and Error Analysis.
Technical publication,
Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Co.,
Inc., Las Vegas, NV.
J. Trijonis, J. Watson, A. Waggoner, and R. Weiss. Sep
84,68p NWC-TR-6567
Contract EPA-68-03-3050
Prepared in cooperation with Santa Fe Research
Corp., Bloomington, MN.
Three specific issues are analyzed in a major study
RESOLVE (Research on Operations-Limiting Visual
Extinction) of atmospheric visibility in the California
desert. (1) The issue of the contribution of nitrogen di-
oxide to light extinction is investigated using aircraft
measurements taken as part of the California Air Re-
sources Board (CARB) Los Angeles/desert transport
study, routine historical data for nitrogen dioxide and
visual range, and a small amount of data acquired with
high-resolution research-type nitrogen dioxide moni-
toring. (2) An assessment is made of the adequacy of
24-hour particle samples as compared to 8-hour parti-
cle samples with respect to characterizing visibility
during daylight hours. (3) An investigation is made into
the propagation of measurement errors through to the
final modeling results for extinction budgets and parti-
cle source apportionments for the RESOLVE program.
Keywords: 'Particles, 'Nitrogen oxides, 'Visibility, Ex-
tinction, Measurement, California, Deserts, Error anal-
ysis, Sampling, Light transmission. Atmospheric trans-
missivity.
AD-A149 536/5/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Summary Report on Visit to Departamento de In-
vestigation Centra Ramon Y Cajal Madrid, Spain.
Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
R. A. Tell, and E. Berman. 30 Oct 84,50p
Contract N00014-84-F-0167
This report documents the purposes of discussion, ob-
servation, and characterization of experimental meth-
odology used in research on the effects of pulsed
magnetic fields on the chick embryo.
Keywords: 'Biomagnetism, 'Magnetic fields, Method-
ology, Test methods, Chickens, Embryos, Spain,
Pulses.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
AD-A153 083/2/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS.
Evaluation of Three Fish Species as Bloassay Or-
ganisms for Dredged Material Testing. Final rept.,
Environmental Research Lab., Gulf Breeze, FL.
N I. Rubinstein, W. T. Gilliam, and N. R. Gregory. [Dec
84,27p EPA-600/X-83-062, WES-MP-D-84-1
Contract AR-21-F-2-5770
Three fish species, Cyprinodon variegatus, Fundulus
similis, and Menidia menidia, were evaluated to deter-
mine which is most suitable as a bioassay organism for
solid phase testing of dredged material. Acute toxicity
and bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls
(PCBs) were monitored for 52 days of exposure to two
types of dredged material collected from the New York
harbor. Cyprinodon variegatus displayed the most con-
sistent accumulation of PCBs. However, no definition
statement can be made regarding acute toxicity re-
sponse because of poor control survival, Review of the
literature indicates the M. menidia is the most sensitive
of the three species examined and, consequently, it is
felt that this species should be strongly considered as
a candidate for solid testing. Originator supplied key-
words: Biological assay, Dredged material, Fishes,
Effect of water pollution on, Pollution-Research,
Water-Pollution-Environmentai aspects.
Keywords: "Bioassay, 'Dredged materials, 'Fishes,
Accumulation, Consistency, Control, Dredged materi-
als, Fishes, Harbors, New york, Response, Solid
phases, Solids, Survival(General), Test methods, Tox-
icity, 'Water pollution, Contamination, Biphenyl, Chlor-
inated hydrocarbons, 'Cyprinodon variegatus,
'Fundus similis, 'Menidia menidia, Polychlorinated bi-
phenyls, Bioaccumulation.
AD-A157 679/2/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Air Force Engineering and Services Center, Tyndall
AFB, FL. Engineering and Services Lab.
Packed-Tower Aeration Study to Remove Volatile
Organlcs from Groundwater at Wurtsmlth Air
Force Base, Michigan. Final rept. 1 May-1 Oct 84,
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
R. L. Stallings, and T. N. Rogers. Jun 85,215p
AFESC/ ESL-TR-84-60
Contract EPA-68-03-3149
The packing materials investigated were 1-inch Pall
rings, Number 1 Jaeger Tri-Packs, 1-inch Flexi-sad-
dles, and Flexipak Type II structured packing. Analysis
of the groundwater in the fuel storage area by the
headspace technique using gas chromatography/
mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) identified 16 volatile or-
ganics. The six major VOC contaminants identified
were: n-pentane, cyclohexane, trichloroethylene, ben-
zene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Field trials in a pilot-
scale air stripper (1.5 feet diameter by 10 feet, with an
8-foot packed section) yielded removal efficiencies
above 90 percent for all VOCs except isobutane, under
a water loading rate of 2.13 cu. ft./min.sq.ft. (0.649 cu.
f./min./sq. m.), and a volumetric air-to-water ratio (G/
L) of approximately 65). Based on measured overall
mass transfer coefficients (KLa), a packed-tower
height of 25 to 30 feet should be effective in achieving
a 95 percent removal efficiency. Of the four packing
materials tested, the 1-inch Pall rings consistently ex-
hibited the highest mass transfer coefficients for all the
VOCs over the broadest range of air- and water-load-
ing conditions. In some cases, the other packings had
mass transfer coefficients comparable to the Pall rings
for some but not all the VOCs or only for a more
narrow range of tower operation conditions. However,
since the Pall rings had the highest operating pressure
drop, economic trade-off analyses of system capital
and operating costs should be performed in making a
packing selection for a full-scale treatment system.
Keywords: 'Water treatment, 'Ground water, *Pack-
inp materials, Air force facilities, Costs, Economic anal-
ysis Trade off analysis, Gas chromatography, Mass
spectroscopy, Coefficients, Mass transfer, Benzene,
Cyclohexanes, Field tests, Fuels, Storage, Aeration,
Pressure, Reduction, Efficiency, Removal, Rings.
Trichloroethylene, Air water
Volume, Xylenes, Efficiency, Removal,	'
atility, Water, 'Water pollution detection, Water pollu-
tion control, Air pollution.
AD-A165 117/3/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Assessment of the Potential Impacts on Zoo-
plankton and Fish of Ocean Dredged Material at
the Norfolk Disposal Site. Final rept.,
JRB Associates, Inc., McLean, VA.
Kim Devonald, and Seth Ausubel. 7 Sep 84,64p
Grant EPA-68-02-6388
The potential impacts on fish, fisheries and zooplank-
ton of uncontaminated dredped material disposal at
the proposed Norfolk (Virginia) disposal site was as-
sessed through literature search and worst-case
impact calculation. Emphasis was placed on analysis
of the spatial and temporal distribution of ichthyoplank-
ton and blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) larvae at the
disposal site, and in the ocean waters adjacent to
Chesapeake Bay. Available evidence indicated that
the proposed site does not have any special impor-
tance to plankton, fish or fisheries. Most planktonic
species have broad spatial distributions, and local im-
pacts from dredged material disposal are therefore ex-
pected to have negligible effects on plankton popula-
tions. However, blue crab larvae and Atlantic croaker
(Micropogon undulatus) larvae of the lower Chesa-
peake Bay and adjacent coastal ocean exhibit spatial
distributions that may be determined in part by current
patterns that retain the larvae in the vicinity of the
Chesapeake Bay mouth. Therefore, the distribution of
larvae available for recruitment may be spatially limited
relative to most planktonic organisms. Based on avail-
able information on spatial distribution patterns, and
using worst-case impact calculation, the possibility of a
measurable effect of disposal on year-class strength
of blue crab and croaker could not entirely be ruled
out. Therefore, a period of restricted dumping during
peak recruitment of blue crab and croaker larvae (Sep-
tember - October) was recommended.
Keywords: 'Disposal, 'Dredged materials, Coastal re-
gions, Oceans, Blue(Color), Crabs, Chesapeake bay,
Fisheries, Distribution, Larvae, Plankton, Population,
Literature surveys, Fishes, Spatial distribution, Compu-
tations, Water, Patterns, Virginia, Zooplankton, Envi-
ronmental impact, Sea water, Norfolk disposal site,
Croakers.
AD-A169 993/3/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Air Force Engineering and Services Center, Tyndall
AFB, FL. Engineering and Services Lab.
In-Situ Biological Degradation Test at Kelly Air
Force Base. Volume 1. Site Characterization, Lab-
oratory Studies and Treatment System Design
and Installation. Final rept. 1 May 84-30 Sep 85,
Science Applications International Corp., McLean, VA.
Roger S. Wetzel, Connie M. Durst, Philip A. Spooner,
William D. Ellis, and Douglas J. Sarno. Apr 86,290p
AFESC/ESL-TR-85-52
Contract EPA-68-03-3113
In situ biological degradation involves stimulation of
the indigenous subsurface microbial population, by the
addition of nutrients and an oxygen source (hydrogen
peroxide), in order to promote degradation of organic
contaminants present in soils and groundwater. The
site selected for the demonstration of in situ biodegra-
dation contains a mixture of inorganic and organic con-
taminants including electroplating wastes, chlorinated
solvents, cresols, and chlorobenzenes. The soils are
classified as gravelly clay loams and the hydraulic con-
ductivity within the demonstration site varies from 0.11
to 9.26 ft/day. The design of the field demonstration
involved computer modeling using a two dimensional
nonsteady state model to determine the number and
placement of injection and extraction wells. Stabilized
hydrogen peroxide and specially formulated nutrients
are introduced to the subsurface and the groundwater
is circulated by pumping and gravity injection. Routine
monitoring of chemical and biological parameters has
been conducted during a 3-month operation period
from June through September 1985. These results are
presented and indicate that rapid transport and break-
through of ammonia and phosphate nas occured in
areas of high hydraulic conductivity. The microbial
population has adapted to the addition of nutrients and
incremental increases of hydrogen peroxide and re-
mains viable. Comparisons of performance and cost
are also presented against more traditional treatment
approaches.
Keywords: Environmental engineering, 'Water treat-
ment, 'Soils, 'Pollution abatement, 'Biodeterioration,
Microorganisms, Ground water, Nutrients, Hydrogen
peroxide, Organic materials, Pollutants, Waste treat-
ment, 'Water wells, Chlorinated hydrocarbons, Aro-
matic hydrocarbons, Reclamation, Clay, Loams.
AD-A173 021/7/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Destruction of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons by
Catalytic Oxidation,
Radian Corp., Research Triangle Park, NC. Progress
Center.
M. A. Palazzolo, C. L. Jamgochian, J. I. Steinmetz, and
D. L. Lewis. Sep 86,154p EPA/600/2-86-079
Contract EPA-68-02-3994
This report provides the results of a study conducted
to determine the effectiveness of catalytic oxidation for
destroying vapor phase chlorinated hydrocarbons. The
study was conducted on two pilot scale catalytic incin-
erator systems leased from vendors. One system em-
ployed a metal oxide catalyst in a fluidized bed configu-
ration. The other system used a fixed bed proprietary
catalyst, supplemented with UV light and ozone injec-
tion. Both systems were tested under a variety of tem-
peratures and space velocities. The test vapor
streams consisted of low concentrations (3 to 200
ppmv) mixtures of organic compounds, and included
three streams which represented the emissions from
air strippers used to treat contaminated groundwater
at U.S. Air Force bases. The study results showed that
the fluidized bed catalytic incinerator system was ca-
pable of achieving total organic destruction efficien-
cies of greater than 98%. The UV/ozone catalytic
system failed to achieve high destruction efficiencies;
with ozone injection, total destruction was 75%; with-
out ozone, the maximum destruction efficiency was
64%.
Keywords: 'Pollution abatement, 'Chlorinated hydro-
carbons, 'Catalysis, Oxidation, Incinerators, Combus-
tion, Destruction, Vapor phases, Catalysts, Metals,
Oxides, Ultraviolet radiation. Ozone, Fluidized bed
processors, Emission control, Waste disposal, Air
quality.
AD-A175 181/7/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Naval Civil Engineering Lab., Port Hueneme, CA.
Crowley Alden A-4 Oil Skimmer Operational Teat
Report. Final rept. 1 May-30 Jun 86,
Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc., Leonardo,
NJ.
M. Borst. Oct 86, 72p NCEL-CR-87.003
Contract EPA-68-03-3203
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) tested
the Crowley Alden A-4 Oil Skimming System at its Oil
and Hazardous Simulated Environmental Test Tank
(OHMSETT) facility in Leonardo, N.J. This testing was
sponsored by the Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory
(NCEL). The tests were required as part of a Navy pur-
chase to assure that the product met or exceeded
specifications in an RFP issued in 1985. During these
tests the skimmer recovered 2 to 3 gallons per minute
(gpm) (7.5 to 11.4 liters per minute (1pm)) of oil. Ther
was little or no variation in oil recovery rate introduced
by altering test conditions. In calm water, the skimmer
recovery efficiency was minimally 85 to 95 %. Under
wave conditions, the recovery efficiency was 65 to 75
%. The test program included measurement of the
maximum pump rate of an ancillary double diaphragm
pump. The greatest pump rate that should be expect-
ed is 70 to BO 18pm (18 to 21gpm). Lower capacities
were measured with added head, but the pump per-
formed equally well with DFM as with water. Overall,
the skimmer met or exceeded the performance char-
acteristics required for inner harbor use. Oil skimmer,
oil pollution, oil mop, OMHSETT, oil spill, oil recovery,
oil spill equipment.
Keywords: 'Oil pollution, Recovery,
Diaphragms(Mechanics), Efficiency, Harbors, Oil
spills, Oils, Pumps, Rates, Spilling, 'Oil skimmers, Oil
recovery.
AD-A176 106/3/HSU	PC AM/MF A01
Inhalation Toxicology of Fog Oil Obscurant. Final
rept. Oct 81-Feb 86,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Inhalation Toxicology Div.
E. C. Grose, M. J. Selgrade, D. W. Davies, and A. J.
Stead. Dec 86,122p
Sixty-day-old, male and female rats were exposed by
inhalation to fog oil smoke. Mortality, LC50, subacute
and subchronic studies were performed. Mortality
studies showed fog oil smoke to be 100% lethal at
11.0 mg/L, 95% lethal at 5.0 mg/L, 20% lethal at 1 0
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
mg/L and 0% lethal at 0.1 mg/L after a 6-hour expo-
sure. The observed LC50 of fog oil smoke after a 3.5-
hr exposure was 5.2 mg/L. In the subacute and subch-
ronic studies, rats were exposed to air, 0.2-, 0.5-, or
1.5-mg/L fog oil smoke for 3.5 hr/day, 4 days/wk for
either 4 of 13 wk. Both pulmonary and systemic effects
were investigated one day after the exposure ceased.
For one 13-wk exposure group, animals were also ex-
amined 4 wk after the exposure. Following the srba-
cute 4-exposure to 1.5 mg/L, a multifocal pneumonitis
was observed. Lung lavage had an elevated number of
polymorphonuclear leukoctes (PMNs), alveolar macro-
phages and lung weights was observed after exposure
to 0.5 mg/L. Pulmonary function tests revealed an in-
crease in end expiratory volume (EEV) after 1.5mg/L.
Systemic effects after the subacute exposure were
minimal. A decrease in zoxazolamine-induced paraly-
sis time was observed following both 0.5 and 1.5 mg/
L; however, no effect on pentobarbital-induced sleep-
ing time was observed. Behavioral studies were nega-
tive, as were clinical chemistries and immune function
tests.
Keywords: 'Inhalation, "Smoke, "Toxicology, Air, Al-
veoli, Clinical medicine, Females, Fog, Lung, Lung
function tests, Mineral oils, Mortality rates, Obscura-
tion, Oils, Phagocytes, Pneumonia, Pulmonary func-
tion, Rats, Reticuloendothelial system, Weight,
Exposure(Physiology), Toxicity, Lethal dosage, Poly-
morphonuclear leukocytes, Paralysis, 'Fog oils,
Concentration(Composition).
AD-A180 104/2/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Army Research Office, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Isolation of Nonobllgate Bacterial Predators of
Bacteria From Soli,
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park.
C. E. Sillman, and L. E. Casida. 1986,4p ARO-
22469.1-LS
Contract DAAG29-85-K-0084, Grant EPA-R-811313
Pub. in Canadian Jnl. of Microbiology, v32 p760-762
1986.
Nonobligate bacterial predators of bacteria from the
soil habitat attach to and destroy certain prey bacteria
if the availability of soluble nutrients decreases in the
habitat. A procedure is described for the isolation from
soil of various Gram-positive and Gram-negative, non-
obligate, bacterial predators of bacteria. (Reprints).
Keywords: 'Bacteria, Availability, Habitats, Isolation,
Nutrients, Reprints, Soils, Solubility, Gram negative
bacteria, Gram positive bacteria, 'Predatory bacteria.
AD-A184 B15/9/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Short-Term In vitro Screening Studies Related to
the Inhalation Toxicology of Potentially Toxic
Aeroeols. Final rept. Jun 84-Apr 86,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Inhalation Toxicology Div.
E. C. Grose, and J. A. Graham. Aug 87,27p
The toxicity of JCE001 particles was tested using the
rabbit alveolvar macrophage (RAM) test, hamster tra-
cheal cultures and in vivo pulmonary bactericidal activ-
ity in mice. In the RAM test, incubation of alveolar ma-
crophages (AM) with the JCE001 particles decreased
AM viability, cellular adenosine 5' -triphosphate (ATP)
and total protein levels. The lowest effective dose as
determined by Williams' test was 50 ug/mL of JCE001
particles for all parameters examined. The presence of
soluble cytotoxic components was established. The
nature and rate of release of soluble toxic components
from the JCE001 particles were Important contributing
factors in the mechanism by which these particles pro-
duced their toxic effects. A single 1-hr In vitro exposure
of hamster tracheal ring organ cultures to the JCE001
particles was conducted to determine the dose re-
sponse on ciliated respiratory epithelium. JCE001 par-
ticles caused a significant decrease in cilia beating fre-
quency and an increase in cytopathological alter-
ations. Morphological alterations in the tracheal epi-
thelium were observed with light microscopy and scan-
ning electron microscopy. The effect of the JCE001
panicles on the ability of AM to kill inhaled pneumoniae
was also measured. Bactericidal activity of all groups
treated with the JCE001 particles was markedly re-
duced compared to that of controls.
Keywords: 'Toxicity, 'Aerosols, 'Brass, 'Graphite,
Toxicology, Cytotoxin, Inhalation, Adenosine phos-
phates, Cilia, Rabbits, Hamsters, Microscopy, In vivo
analysis, Cultures(Biology), Antibacterials, Alveolar
Macrophages, *Air pollution.
AD-A198 107/5/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS. Environmental Lab.
Field Verification Program (Aquatic Disposal). A
Field and Laboratory Study Using Adenylate
Energy Charge as an Indicator of Stress in 'Mytl-
lus edulis' and 'Nephtye inclsa' Treated with
Dredged Material. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, Rl.
Environmental Research Lab.
G. E. Zaroogian, P. F. Rogerson, G. Hoffman, M.
Johnson, and D. M. Johns. Jun 88,168p WES/TR/D-
88-4
Prepared in cooperation with Tetra Tech Inc., Belle-
vue, WA and Science Applications International Corp.,
Narragansett, Rl.
A study was conducted to test the applicability of
adenylate energy charge (AEC) and adenine nucleo-
tide pool concentrations as measures of biological re-
sponse in the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, and the
marine polychaete, Nephtys incisa, after exposure in
the laboratory an field to contaminated dredged mate-
rial from Black Rock Harbor (BRH), Bridgeport, Conn.
A second objective was to include field verification of
laboratory results, and a third objective was to investi-
gate residue-effect relationships between tissue con-
centrations of BRH contaminants and AEC and ade-
nine nucleotide pool concentrations. Tissue residue
concentrations, particularly of persistent compounds
such as polychlorinated biphenyls, were found to be
closely related to exposure concentration. The biologi-
cal responses evaluated in this report included the ad-
enine nucleotide measures of adenosine triphosphate,
adenosine diphosphate, adenosine monophosphate,
adenylate pool, and AEC. Adenine nucleotides and
AEC are important in energy transformation and in reg-
ulation of metabolic processes. Responses in adenine
nucleotide pools correlate with tissue concentrations
of BRH contaminants in exposed organisms. Measure-
ment of the adenine nucleotide concentrations may
help to characterize the energy costs incurred by orga-
nisms under stressful conditions. (AW)
Keywords: Adenine, Adenosine, Adenosine phos-
Chates, Biphenyl, Blue(Color), Chlorinated hydrocar-
ons, Contamination, Costs, 'Dredged materials,
Energy, Energy transfer, Exposure(Physiology), Indica-
tors, Metabolism, 'Mussels, Nucleotides, Phosphates,
Response(Biology), Stress(Physiology), 'Polychaeta,
'Water pollution, 'Water pollution effects(Animals).
AD-A200 175/8/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, MS. Environmental Lab.
Field Verification Program (Aquatic Disposal):
Synthesis of Research Results: Applicability and
Field Verification of Predictive Methodologies for
Aquatic Dredged Material Disposal. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, Rl.
Environmental Research Lab.
J. H. Gentile. G. G. Pesch, J. Lake, P. P. Yevich, and G.
Zaroogian. Sep 88,76p WES/TR/D-88-5
The Field Verification Program was designed to deter-
mine the applicability, reproducibility, and field verifica-
tion of test methods for the evaluation of disposal of
dredged material at aquatic, upland, and wetland sites.
There were three objectives in this program. The first
was to demonstrate the applicability of existing test
methods to detect and measure effects of dredged
material and to determine the degree of variability and
reproducibility inherent in the testing procedures. The
second objective was to field verify laboratory re-
sponses by comparing the exposure-response rela-
tionships between the laboratory and field. The third
objective was to determine the degree of correlation
between contaminated tissue residues and biological
responses resulting from laboratory and field exposure
to dredged material. These objectives were examined
for the following biological responses: bioaccumula-
tion, scope for growth, bioenergetics, adenylate
energy charge, sister chromatid exchange, Histopath-
ology, Survival, Growth, Reproduction, Intrinsic rates
of population growth, Recolonlzation, and Community
structure. Keywords: Water pollution, Aquatic disposal,
Biological effects, Black Rock Harbor, Dredged materi-
al, Field verification program, Marine pollution. (KT)
Keywords: Chromatin, Communities, Correlation, Dis-
posal, 'Dredged materials, Exchange,
Exposure(General), 'Waste disposal, Histopathology,
Laboratories, Population, Reproducibility, Response,
Sites, Test methods, Variations, 'Water pollution, Wet-
lands.
AD-A201 388/6/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Behavioral Effects of Chronic Exposure to 0.5
mW/cm2 of 2,450-MHz Microwaves. Interim rept.
for period ending 1987,
Utah Univ., Salt Lake City.
J. R. DeWitt, J. A. D'Andrea, R. Y. Emmerson, and O.
P. Gandhi. 1987,10p
Contract EPA-68-02-3456
Pub. in Bioelectromagnetics, v8 p149-1571987.
Adult male, Long-Evans rats were exposed 7 h a day
for 90 days to continuous wave (CW) 2,450-MHz
microwaves at an average power density of 0.5 mW/
sq cm. Exposures were in a monopole-above-ground
radiation chamber with rats in Plexiglass cages. The
resulting specific absorption rate (SAR) was 0.14 W/
kg (+ or - 0.01 SEM). Additional rats served as sham-
exposed and home-caged controls. All were evaluated
daily for body mass and food and water intakes. Once
each 30 days, throughout baseline and exposure
phases of the experiment, rats in the sham- and micro-
wave-exposed groups were tested for their sensitivity
to footshock. After 90-days of exposure, the rats were
evaluated on an open field, and active avoidance task
and an operant task for food reinforcement. Perform-
ance of sham- and microwave-irradiated rats were reli-
ably different on only one measure, the lever pressing
task. The general conclusion reached was that expo-
sure to CW 2,450-MHz microwave radiation at 0.5
mW/sq cm was below the threshold for behavioral ef-
fects over a wide range of variables, but did have an
effect on a time-related operant task, although the di-
rection of the effect was unpredictable. Keywords: Re-
print. (KT/KR)
Keywords: Radiation absorption, Adults, Avoidance,
'Behavior, "Microwaves, Body weight, 'Radiation ef-
fects, Response(Biology), Physiological effects, Con-
tinuous waves, * Exposure(Physiology), Food, Males,
Mass, Phase, Range(Extremes), Rates, Rats, Re-
prints, Variables, Avoidance, Chronic exposure.
AD-A201 994/1/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Extrapolation of Inhaled Particulate Toxicity Data
from Experimental Animals to Humane. Final rept.,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Inhalation Toxicology Div.
D. L. Morgan, V. E. Steele, and G. E. Hatch. Feb 88,
77p
Significant progress has been made over the past
three years to develop methodology and assess vari-
ous tissues and tissue sensitivity endpoints with the ul-
timate goal of validating a proposed extrapolation
model. This model will allow the quantitative extrapola-
tion of inhaled particulate toxicology data from experi-
mental animals to man. Methodology was developed
to accurately measure nucleotide levels in small tissue
samples, to determine cellular toxicant levels, to iso-
late tissue or cells at various levels of the respiratory
tract, and to culture animal and human cells for identi-
cal treatment conditions. The tissues assessed were
nasal turbinate epithelial, olfactory epithelial, and alve-
olar macrophages. Nasal and pulmonary lavage fluids
were also studied. These comprehensive, comparative
animal to human extrapolation studies were unique in
that, for the first time, tissue response was measured
as a function of actual cellular dose, and common end-
points were used for the same target cell types in dif-
ferent species. The described cell sensitivity model
could then be used to provide quantitative animal to
human extrapolation values for Inhaled particulates,
which will be extremely valuable for human risk as-
sessment. Keywords: Models; Risk assessment; Tox-
icity. (KT)
Keywords: Alveoli, Animals, Ceils(Biology),
Cultures(Biology), Dosage, 'Extrapolation, Humans,
Laboratory animals, Models, Nucleotides, 'Particu-
lates, Phagocytes, Respiratory system, Reticuloen-
dothelial system, Sampling, Sensitivity,
Tissues(Biology), Toxic agents, 'Toxicity, Toxicology,
Value, 'Inhalation, Experimental data, Risk assess-
ment, Mathematical models.
AD-A206 332/9/HSU	PC AOS/MF A01
Lack of Effects of High Level Csrboxyhemoglobin
on Compensatory Tracking and EEQ (Electroen-
cephalogram) Protocol 3. Final rept. 1985-1987,
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
M. V. Smith, V. A. Bentanus, K. E. Muller, E. R. Kafer,
and K. S. Pieper. Feb 87,82p
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
The effects of 16-23% carboxyhemoglobin (COHb)
were studied on compensatory tracking behavior in
healthy young men. The COHb was produced by expo-
sure to a bolus of high concentration of carbon monox-
ide (CO), followed by exposure to a continuous low
level concentration of CO (223 ppm) designed to main-
tain the COHb value throughout the experiment (ap-
proximately 130 minutes). The compensatory tracking
task consisted of trying to maintain a constantly
moving spot in the center of an oscilloscope screen.
The electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded
during exposure. No significant effect of the COHb was
found on the tracking task or EEG power spectrum.
Even after extensive post hoc exploratory analyses, no
suggestion of a plausible effect on tracking or EEG
was found. The planned significance test had a moder-
ate to high statistical power against effects of interest-
ing size. The finding of no effect was somewhat sur-
prising since other research had demonstrated effects
of lower COHb levels on similar tasks. The level of
COHb used in this study is considered to be extremely
high. The differences in findings may reflect (a) inad-
equate statistical power for the size of effect (b) differ-
ences in task and variables between studies (c) differ-
ences due to COHb formation rates between studies
or (d) peculiarities in the dose effects function of
COHb. Keywords: Carbon monoxide; CO; Tracking;
Flash detection; Carboxyhemoglobin; Human; Elec-
troencephalography; EEG; Exposure physiology; Hand
eye coordination; Stress physiology, (kt)
Keywords: 'Carbon dioxide, Stress(Physiology),
Tracking, Exposure(Physiology), 'Physiological ef-
fects, Performance(Human), Response(Biology), Elec-
troencephalography, "Carbon hemoglobin, 'Hand eye
coordination, Flash detection, 'Air pollution
effects(Humans).
AD-A212 96S/8/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Mutagenic Screening of Three Dyes for Marker
Grenades in the Salmonella Reversion Assay and
the L5178Y/TK + /-Mouse Lymphoma Assay. Final
rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Trianale
Park, NC.	a
M. M. Moore, L. Claxton, V. Houk, G. M. Nelson, and K.
Harrington-Brock. 31 Jun 89,49p
Dyes are used by the military in M18 marker signaling
grenades. A number of organic dyes are presently
being evaluated for potential use in these grenades. In
addition to engineering studies for their performance in
the field, the U.S. Army is concerned with evaluating
any potential health hazards that might result from per-
sonal contact with the dyes in the industrial setting. A
part of this testing is the analysis of potential genetic
toxicity. Three dyes (Solvent Red 1, Disperse Blue 3,
and Disperse Red 11) were tested for mutagenicity in
the Salmonella reversion assay and the L5178Y/
TK + /- mouse lymphoma assay. These in vitro assays
were performed both with and without exogenous acti-
vation provided by Aroclor-induced rat liver S9. In the
Salmonella assay, Solvent Red 1 was positive with S9
activation in strain TA100 and negative to questionably
positive in the other strains and activation conditions.
Disperse Blue 3 was positive with S9 activation in
strain TA1537 and negative to questionably positive
under the other test conditions. Disperse Red 11 was
positive with S9 activation in strain TA102, but nega-
tive to weakly positive with the other strains and activa-
tion conditions. Both Disperse Blue 3 and Disperse
Red 11 were positive both with and without S9 activa-
tion in the mouse lymphoma assay. Disperse Red 1
could not be tested without activation. With S9 activa-
tion, it was weakly positive. Keywords: Toxicity; Health
hazards. (KT)
Keywords: Assaying, 'Dyes, Engineering, Genetics,
Smoke munitions, 'Mutagens, 'Grenades, Hazards,
Health, In vitro analysis, Industries, Lymphomas, Mark-
ers, Mice, Organic compounds, Setting(Adjusting),
'Toxicity, 'Mutagenicity tests, 'Salmonella typhimur-
ium, Metabolic activation.
AD-A221 043/3/HSU	PC A°3'^A01
Dose-Effects Functions for Carboxyhemoglobin
and Behavior. Final rept.	.
Health Effects Research Lab., Research Triangle
Park NC.
V A. Benignus, K. E. Muller, M. V. Smith, K. S. Pieper,
and J. D. Prah. 10 Apr 89,11p
ContractEPA-68-02-3800	11R
Pub. in Neurotoxicology and Teratology, v12 pi 11-110
1990.
Literature on dose-effects functions of carboxyhemog-
lobin (COHb) and human behavior is internally incon-
sistent. A recent study was performed to describe such
a function for tracking behavior in humans. No signifi-
cant effects were found, however, even for COHb
levels up to ca. 17%. The present review and analysis
of published data was undertaken to attempt to reduce
uncertainty about COHb dose-effects functions. Dose-
effects data from six laboratory animal operant behav-
ior studies were reviewed. Maximum COHb levels
ranged from 33 to 59%. Data were converted to a
common metric and dose-effects functions were fitted.
The preferred function was nonlinear, with a shallow
slope, indicating small effects (if any) for COHb levels
less than ca. 20%. As COHb increased further, the
slope of the function became progressively steeper.
Review of the human dose-effects function publica-
tions for COHb and behavior revealed that no signifi-
cant findings had survived the test of direct or partial
replication. Other studies found no significant effects.
A dose-effects curve was fitted to the human data from
one study and compared to the laboratory animal
curves. Extrapolation of the human curve was used to
suggest that the dose-effects curves for humans and
laboratory animals were of similar form and that ef-
fects of COHb on behavior in man are small or absent
below ca. 20%. It is also possible that some uncon-
trolled variables are affecting the results so that COHb
produces effects only some of the time. No conclusion
can be drawn from the body of literature due to the di-
vergence of results. Keywords: Reprints, Weapons,
Health and performance effects, (kr)
Keywords: 'Behavior, Carboxylic acids, Documents,
Functions, Graphs, Weapons effects, Dosage, 'Physi-
ological effects, Hemoglobin, Humans, Indicators,
Laboratory animals, Reprints, Shallow depth, Slope,
Tracking, Variables, Weapons, 'Carboxyhemoglobin,
'Dose-response relationships.
AD-A222 510/0/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Treatability Studies of Tributyltin In Activated
Sludge. Research and development rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. Risk
Reduction Engineering Lab.
H. Tabak, R. Dobbs, D. Monich, S. Desai, and D.
Atnoor. Dec 89, 51 p DTRC/SME-CR-02-89
Organotin-contaminated wastewater is generated
during dry dock and ship cleaning activities. We con-
ducted a study to determine the effectiveness of acti-
vated sludge in treating contaminated wastewater.
Bench-scale activated sludge reactors and state-of-
the-art analytical techniques were used to determine
the fate of tributyltin and its degradation products. We
found that tributyltin degraded to dlbutyltin and mono-
butyltin in activated sludge at the bench scale. Tributyl-
tin also degrades under anaerobic conditions, and Its
degradation products are not readily volatilized and
tend to sorb onto sludge solids. Keywords: Organotin,
Tributyltin chloride, Activated sludge, Anaerobic
sludge, Degradation. Antifouling paint, Organometallic
compounds, Waste treatment, Sewage treatment, (jg)
Keywords: 'Activated sludge process, Anaerobic proc-
esses, Antifouling coatings, 'Butanes, Chlorides,
Cleaning, Contamination, Degradation, Drydocks, 'Or-
ganometallic compounds, Paints, Ships, Sludge,
Solids, State of the art, Tin compounds, 'Waste treat-
ment, Waste water, *Tin/tributyl, 'Water pollution con-
trol.
AD-A222 840/1/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Naurobehavloral Effects of Carbon Monoxide
(CO) Exposure In Humans: Elevated Carboxyhe-
moglobin (COHb) and Cerebrovascular Re-
sponses. Final rept.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
V. A. Benignus, M. L. Petrovick, and J. D. Prah. 19 May
89,58p
A two-channel cranial impedance plethyemograph
(CIP) was designed and constructed as a noninvasive
measure of brain blood flow (BBF) in man. The instru-
ment was designed to reduce some of the problems
with instability and difficulty of use found in earlier com-
mercially-available models. The CIP has been previ-
ously validated against other measures of BBF. During
carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) formation, BBF is known
to increase. When BBF increases it compensates for
the reduced ability of the blood to carry oxygen in the
presence of COHb. Fifteen men breathed caroon mon-
oxide (CO) to produce increases in COHb values rang-
ing from endogenous 18.4%. Keywords: Carbon mon-
oxide, CO, Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), Toxicity, Brain
blood flow, Cerebrovascular. (JES)
Keywords: Blood, Blood circulation, Brain, Carton
monoxide, Carboxylic acids, 'Cerebrovascular system,
Commercial equipment, Hemoglobin, Humans, Meas-
urement, Models, Oxygen, Reduction, Response,
"Toxicity, 'Carboxyhemoglobin.
AD-P001 96S/3/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Host Resistance Models Available for Immunotox-
icologic Studies,
NT Research Inst., Chicago, IL.
James D. Fenters, C. Aranyi, P. Barbera, J. Bradof, and
R. Fugmann. Aug 83,19p
Contract NIEHS-1-ES15000, Grant EPA-R-8067300
This article is from 'Proceedings of the Conference on
Environmental Toxicology (13th) Held at Dayton, Ohio
on 16, 17, and 18 November 1982.' AD-A134 150,
p33-51.
For about 25 years various investigators at IIT Re-
search Institute (IITRI) have been developing animal
model systems to measure the holistic response to
drugs, chemicals, and air pollutants. In 1958, the first
report on the effects of ozone (03) on bacterial pneu-
monia was published by Miller and Ehrlich. That re-
search, supported by the United States Air Force, was
the basis for our subsequent programs in which sever-
al infectious disease models were used to evaluate the
effects of a variety of toxicants. Table 1 shows thirteen
infectious disease models and one tumor challenge
model we have used in mice, hamsters, guinea pigs, or
squirrel monkeys. With the exception of the diethylstil-
bestrol (DES), all toxicants were administered by the
inhalation route. Other investigators are working with a
variety of tumor and infectious disease models to
evaluate toxicants administered by various routes and
Dean etal. (1982b) have summarized this research. As
a consequence there is a wide selection of host resist-
ance models available for use.
Keywords:	"Toxicology,	'Immunology,
'Resistance(Biology), 'Hosts(Biology), 'Anatomical
models, Laboratory animals, Response(Biology), Tox-
icity, Drugs, Chemicals, Pollutants, Ozone, Bacterial
diseases, Pneumonia, Infectious diseases, Models,
Toxic agents, Neoplasms, Inhalation, Mice, Hamsters,
Guinea pigs, Squirrel monkeys, 'Immunotoxicology,
'Environmental toxicology, Component reports.
AD-P004 035/2/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Toxicology of Natural and Man-Made Toxicants in
Drinking Water,
Environmental Protection Agency. Cincinnati, OH.
Toxicology and Microbiology Div.
R.J. Bull. Aug 84,8p
This article is from 'Proceedings of the Conference on
Environmental Toxicology (14th) Held at Dayton, Ohio
on 15, 16, and 17 November 1983,' AD-A146 400,
P259-266.
There are the cases where one chemical actually
reacts with a second chemical within the body to
produce a more or less toxic group of chemicals. For
the purposes of this paper, however, only reactions of
chlorine to produce chemicals that possess carcino-
genic and mutagenic properties will be considered.
Keywords: 'Toxicology, "Drinking water, 'Toxic
agents, "Chlorine, "Acetonitrile, Toxicity, Interactions,
Cnemical reactions, Carcinogens, Mutagens, Amino
acids, Halogenated hydrocarbons, Component re-
ports, Humic acid. Water pollution.
AD-P004 150/9/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Community Relations Activities at Department of
Defense Sites,
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
D. Gemmill, and M. D. Sexton. 22 Mar 84,10p
This article is from 'Proceedings of the Environmental
Systems Symposium (13th) Held at Bethesda. Mary-
land on 20-22 March 1984,' AD-A148 194. p235-244.
Community relations activities during hazardous waste
site cleanups are important for several reasons.
Through these activities, the response agency can
provide citizens affected by the site with needed infor-
mation about site contamination and the likely effects
of cleanup actions. Citizens in turn can provide the re-
sponse agency with needed information about the
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
extent of contamination, about alternative response
actions, and about responsible parties. And, a close
working relationship between the response agency
and the community can help ensure that the communi-
ty will support a cost-effective remedy at the site. This
paper describes what the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) has learned about effective community
relations activities at hazardous waste sites and sug-
gests how some aspects of EPA's approach to com-
munity relations may be applicable to Department of
Defense (DOD) sites.
Keywords: 'Waste management, 'Waste disposal,
"Hazardous materials, 'Community relations, Sites,
Military facilities, Cleaning, Removal, Contaminants,
Information exchange, Environmental impact, Environ-
mental protection, Environmental management, Com-
ponent Reports.
DE82007118/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Chemicals Identified In Human Biological Media: A
Data Base. Third Annual Report, October 1981.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
M. V. Cone, M. F. Baldauf, and F. M. Martin. Dec 81,
415p ORNL/EIS-163/V.3Pt.1, EPA-560/5-81-008A-
Vol.3Pt.1
Contract W-7405-ENG-26
Portions of document are illegible. Original copy avail-
able until stock is exhausted.
Data from almost 1600 of the 3800 body-burden docu-
ments collected to date have been entered in the data
base as of October 1981. The emphasis on including
recent literature and significant research documents
has resulted in a chronological mix of articles from
1974 to the present. When body-burden articles are
identified, data are extracted and entered in the data
base by chemical and tissue/body fluid. Each data
entry comprises a single record (or line entry) and is
assigned a record number. If a particular document
deals with more than one chemical and/or tissue,
there will be multiple records for that document. For
example, a study of 5 chemicals in each of 3 tissues
has 15 different records (or 15 line entries) in the data
base with 15 record numbers. Record numbers are as-
signed consecutively throughout the entire data base
and appear in the upper left corner of the first column
for each record. (ERA citation 07:044837)
Keywords: "Chemical Effluents, "Toxicity, Body
Burden, Data Base Management, Data Compilation,
Pollution, ERDA/560300, ERDA/290200, ERDA/
290300.
DE82007495/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Chemicals Identified In Feral and Food Animals: A
Data Base. First Annual Report, October 1981.
Volume I. Records 1-532.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
M. V. Cone, R. A. Faust, and M. F. Baldauf. Dec 81,
261 p ORNL/EIS-198-V.1, EPA-560/5-81-009-Vol.l
Contract W-7405-ENG-26
Portions of document are illegible.
This data file is a companion to Chemicals Identified in
Human Biological Media, A Data Base, and follows ba-
sically the same format. The data base on human
burden is in its third year of publication. This is the first
annual report for the feral and food animal file. Data
were obtained primarily from the open literature
through manual searches (retrospective to 1979) of
the journals listed in Appendix A. The data base now
contains Information on 60 different substances.
Chemicals are listed by Chemical Abstracts Service
(CAS) registry numbers and preferred names in Ap-
pendix B. For the user's convenience, cross-refer-
enced chemical lists of CAS preferred and common
names are provided In Appendix C. The animals, tis-
sues, and body fluids found to be contaminated by
these chemicals are listed in Appendix O. The data
base is published annually in tabular format with indi-
ces and chemical listings that allow specific searching.
A limited number of custom computer searches of the
data base are available in special cases when the pub-
lished format does not allow for retrieval of needed in-
formation. (ERA citation 07:044682)
Keywords: "Ecosystems, 'Pollution, Aquatic Orga-
nisms, Aromatics, Birds, Cadmium, Cattle, Chlorine,
Copper, Data Base Management, Fishes, Information
Systems, Iodine, Lead, Mercury, Organic Chlorine
Compounds, Pesticides, Polonium, Polycyclic Aromat-
ic Hydrocarbons, Selenium, Sheep, Toxicity, Zinc,
ERDA/510200, ERDA/560305, ERDA/510302.
DEB2008867/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Virginia Univ., Charlottesville. Dept. of Environmental
Sciences.
Coastal Zone Wind Energy. Part II: Validation of
the Coastal Zone Wind Power Potential. A Sum-
mary of the Field Experiment.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Health Research.
M. Garstang, R. A. Pielke, and J. W. Snow. Jun 80,48p
PNL-3904
Contract AC06-76RL01830
Portions of document are illegible.
Procedures have been developed to determine the
wind power potential of the coastal region from Maine
to Texas. The procedures are based upon a climato-
logical analysis and a mesoscale numerical model.
The results of this procedure are encouraging but need
to be tested. In January to February 1980 a field meas-
urement program was carried out over the Deimarva
Peninsula centered on Wallops Island and extending
into the Atlantic Ocean and Chesapeake Bay to pro-
vide an observational basis on which to test our wind
assessment methods. The field experiment is de-
scribed. Listings of the measurements made by air-
craft, tethered balloon, rawinsonde kites, tower mount-
ed anemometry and surface thermometry are given to-
gether with sample results. The analysis of these data
and the comparison between them and the model pre-
dicted fields are presented. (ERA citation 07:043181)
Keywords: "East Coast, 'Gulf Coast, 'Wind, Aircraft,
Anemometers, Balloons, Coastal Regions, Data Anal-
ysis, Resource Potential, Thermometers, USA, Wind
Power, ERDA/170100.
DE83014799/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Community-Monitoring Program Surrounding the
Nevada Test Site: One Year of Experience.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
G. S. Douglas. May 83,36p DOE/DP/00539-049,
EPA-600/3-83-040
Contract AI08-76DP00539
Since 1954, the US Public Health Service and later the
US Environmental Protection Agency Laboratory in
Las Vegas, Nevada, have been responsible for con-
ducting a program of environmental radiation monitor-
ing and public radiation safety associated with nuclear
weapons tests conducted by the United States. A
recent major innovation in this long-term program has
been the establishment of a network of Community
Monitoring Stations in 15 offsite communities. The new
network supplements existing networks operated for
nearly three decades in these and other o/fsite com-
munities. It differs from other networks in the continu-
ing offsite radiation monitoring and public safety pro-
gram in that it incorporates Federal, State, and local
Government participation. This report reviews the his-
tory of offsite radiation surveillance leading to institu-
tion of the new network and describes the first year of
experience with its equipment, methodology, and man-
agement as well as its impact on citizens of the com-
munities involved. (ERA citation 08:044696)
Keywords: 'Nevada Test Site, Communities, Radiation
Monitoring, Research Programs, Social Impact,
Human Populations, ERDA/500300, ERDA/530100.
DE83018960/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Offsite Environmental Monitoring Report. Radi-
ation Monitoring around United States Nuclear
Test Areas, Calendar Year 1982.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
S. C. Black, R. F. Grossman, A. A. Mullen, G. D. Potter,
and D. D. Smith. Jul 83,144p DOE/DP/00539-048,
EPA-600/4-83-032
Contract AI08-76DP00539
A principal activity of the Offsite Radiological Safety
Program is routine environmental monitoring for radio-
active materials in various media and for radiation in
areas which may be affected by nuclear tests. It is con-
ducted to document compliance with standards, to
identify trends, and to provide information to the public.
This report summarizes these activities for CV 1982.
(ERA citation 08:052198)
Keywords: 'Human Populations, 'Radiation Protec-
tion, 'Environmental Exposure Pathway, Radioactivity,
Monitoring, Radiation Monitoring, Radiation Doses,
Radioactive Aerosols, Government Policies, Public
Policy, Environmental Policy, Earth Atmosphere, Radi-
onuclide Migration, USA, US EPA, ERDA/510302,
ERDA/500300, ERDA/520302, ERDA/290300.
DE83902902/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Thermal Effects of Bluegill Hematology.
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Div. of
U/afar PoeAiir^ae
S. A. Murray. Mar 83,52p TVA/ONR/WRF-83/8, EPA-
600/7-83-016
Temperature effects on hematological responses of
adult bluegill were examined for constant vs fluctuating
temperature regimes, for ambient vs high temperature,
and for intake vs discharge temperatures at an operat-
ing power plant. Multivariate statistical methods were
used to determine temperature effects. Different he-
matological responses were observed between differ-
ent constant temperature regimes, between different
fluctuating temperature regimes, and between ambient
and high temperatures, but not between intake and
discharge areas of a power plant. Red blood cell
roundness increased by 11 to 15% with the higher
temperatures, but only accounted for approximately
17% of the total variation on the average. The hemoto-
logical responses were complex in all cases with 5 to
10 variables contributing to at least 80% of the total
variation. (ERA citation 08:047464)
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Thermal Effluents, "Blood Chem-
istry, Temperature Effects, Power Plants, Multivariate
Analysis, Biological Effects, Experimental Data,
ERDA/560205.
DE83902903/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Thermal Tolerance of Aquatic Insects Inhabiting
the Tennessee River-Reservoir System.
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Office
of Natural Resources.
K. J. Tennesson, and J. L. Miller. Mar 83,76p TVA/
ONR/WRF-83/10, EPA-600/7-83-020
Portions are illegible in microfiche products.
The objectives were to (1) determine the short-term
thermal tolerance of several important species of
aquatic insects In the Tennessee River-Reservoir
system, (2) investigate the effect of acclimation tem-
perature on tolerance, and the possibility of delayed
mortality, (3) determine the most sensitive stage in the
life cycle, and (4) conduct field studies on growth and
emergence of selected aquatic insects within actual
thermal piume areas. In laboratory tests, nymphs of
Hexagenia bilineata (Ephemeroptera) and larvae of
Chironomus crassicaudatus (Diptera) were highly tol-
erant of short term thermal shocks (six hour duration,
simulating entrainment in a thermal plume and drifting
to ambient). TL50 values increased from 35 exp 0 C at
an acclimation temperature of 5 exp 0 C to 38 to 40
exp 0 C at an acclimation temperature of 20 to 25 exp
0 C. However, survivors of these treatments expen-
enced higher percentages of delayed mortality com-
pared to controls after being held for ten days to four
weeks at the original acclimation temperature. The
most sensitive stage found in the life cycle of H. bilin-
eata was the egg during oviposition (time of fertiliza-
tion); eggs exposed to 33 exp 0 C for 15 minutes
during oviposition hatched at a significantly lower per-
centage than controls (ambient was 28 exp 0 C). The
data generated indicate that aquatic insect species in-
habiting TVA's large warm-water reservoirs are living
close to their thermal maximum, and that an upper limit
of 33 exp 0 C would ensure the maintenance of size-
able populations of the species studied. (ERA citation
08:047465)
Keywords: "Insects, 'Thermal Power Plants, Water
Reservoirs, Tennessee River, Aquatic Organisms, Tol-
erance, Thermal Effluents, Temperature Effects, Mor-
tality, Sensitivity, Biological Adaptation, Environmental
Impacts, Experimental Data, Metamorphosis, ERDA/
560204, ERDA/520400.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
DE83902904/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Baseline Studies of Fish Blood.
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Div. of
Water Resources.
S. A. Murray. Mar 83,134pTVA/ONR/WRF-83/7,
EPA-600/7-83-019
Recent literature of baseline studies on fish blood
chemistry, physiology, blood cell abundance, and mor-
phology are reviewed. Studies on possible sources of
interspecific and intraspecific variation in baseline
values of fish blood are discussed. A selected and an-
notated bibliography of baseline and temperature stud-
ies on fish blood is included in this report. Hematologi-
cal methodologies for fish were developed and imple-
mented in a study to determine the effects of stocking
density on blood chemistry and cell morphology. The
effects of culture composition on the hematology of
adult bluegill were examined to determine the validity
of using monocultures to characterize potential envi-
ronmental perturbations. Results indicated that mono-
culture data were valid to use as controls. (ERA cita-
tion 08:047356)
Keywords: 'Fishes, 'Blood Cells, Blood Chemistry,
Reviews, Morphology, Abundance, Physioloqv,
ERDA/550200.
DE83902905/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Effect of Various Intake Designs on Zooplankton
Entrapment.
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Office
of Natural Resources.
D. L. Dycus. Mar 83,259pTVA/ONR/WRF-83/5,
EPA-600/7-83-015
Portions are illegible in microfiche products.
Field studies were conducted at the intakes of three
Tennessee Valley Authority electric power plants to
determine whether intake design is a feasible means
of mitigating effects on zooplankton by minimizing the
quantity entrained. Three intake designs were evaluat-
ed: one with a shallow skimmer wall, one with a deep
skimmer wall, and one with no skimmer wall. Many
sample sets from these studies were highly variable
because of inadequate sample replication, thus pre-
cludmg the use of statistical tests on some of the data.
Where possible, an analysis of variance and a Student,
Newman, Keuls multiple range test were computed
and tested at the 0.05 level. Several studies indicated
possible differences between day and night in the
quantity of zooplankton entrained. The greater quanti-
ties entrained at night were related to a greater abun-
dance in the source water body at night rather than to
intake design. These results indicate that time-of-day
differences might be used to mitigate effects on zoo-
plankton at some intakes if the intake could be operat-
ed to require less cooling water when concentrations
were greatest. None of these studies indicated that the
intake designs studied minimized the quantity of zoo-
plankton entrained because the quantities in tne intake
canals were similar to the quantities in the source
water body. (ERA citation 08:045998)
Keywords: 'Intake Structures, 'Zooplankton, Thermal
Power Plants, Environmental Effects, Design, Compar-
ative Evaluations, Entrainment, Nocturnal Variations,
Experimental Data, ERDA/200200.
DE83910834/HSU	PC A03/MF AOf
Effects of Selected Inorganic Coal-Gasiflcatlon
Constituents on Aquatic Life: An Annotated Bibli-
ography.
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Office
of Natural Resources.
L. M. Koch. Mar 83,38p EPA-600/7-83-018, TVA/
ONR/WRF-83/9
This review is concentrated on primary inorganic pol-
lutants of concern which result in the aqueous dis-
charges of high-pressure coal-gasification technol-
ogies. These pollutants include ammonia, cyanide
(tniocyanates), sulfide, and boron. Ammonia toxicity
was not reviewed since effective waste treatment
technologies and discharge guidelines are available.
The open literature concerning the effects of cyanide
(thiocyanates), boron, and sulfide on aquatic life was
reviewed using computer search techniques. It was
concluded that there is a void in the literature concern-
ing the toxicity of these parameters in high-pressure,
coal-gasification wastewater matrices. The information
abstracted is mainly concerned with laboratoiy studies
with individual constituents; however, some data pro-
vide insight to the effects of physical parameters such
1708 Vol. 90, No. 24
as temperature and physical stress. (ERA citation
08:057714)
Keywords: 'Boron, 'Coal Gasification, 'Cyanides,
'Sulfides, Aquatic Organisms, Bibliographies, Biologi-
cal Effects, Fishes, Invertebrates, Liquid Wastes,
Plants, Toxicity, ERDA/560305, ERDA/560304,
ERDA/560303, ERDA/010900.
DE84000523/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Impact of Coal Cleaning as a Sulfur-Reduction
Strategy in the Midwest.
Argonne National Lab., IL.
R. D. Doctor, J. L. Anderson, D. B. Garvey, C. D.
Livengood, and P. S. Farber. Jun 83,117p ANL/ECT-
TM-7, EPA-905/2-83-001
Contract W-31 -109-ENG-38
Portions are illegible in microfiche products. Original
copy available until stock is exhausted.
The potential for reduction of sulfur dioxide emissions
through coal cleaning is examined for electric-utility
power plants in the Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois region.
Twenty-four plants burning predominantly high-sulfur
coal and having capacities of 500 MWe or greater are
identified, and the characteristics of their coal supplies
are analyzed. The sulfur reductions attainable via coal
cleaning for the various coals are estimated, and the
costs are compared with those for equivalent sulfur di-
oxide reductions using flue-gas desulfurization. Coal
cleaning is shown to be a cost-effective option for ap-
proximately half of the plants studied, although the
total sulfur dioxide reduction potential is much less
than for flue-gas desulfurization. Regulatory and insti-
tutional considerations relevant to mandatory coal-
cleaning requirements are evaluated, as are options
for encouraging greater voluntary use of cleaned coal.
Actions at the state level to promote greater use of
cleaned coal are found to be most likely. 20 refer-
ences, 14 figures, 17 tables. (ERA citation 08:055423)
Keywords: 'Coal, 'Coal Preparation, 'Desulfurization,
'Flue Gas, 'Fossil-Fuel Power Plants, 'Illinois, 'Indi-
ana, "Ohio, 'Sulfur Dioxide, Air Pollution Control,
Cleaning, Comparative Evaluations, Cost, Emission,
Experimental Data, Flowsheets, Grinding, Sulfur Con-
tent, ERDA/013000, ERDA/010800, ERDA/500200,
ERDA/200202, ERDA/015000, 'Air pollution abate-
ment.
DE84003408/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH. In-
dustrial Environmental Research Lab.
Assessment of Emissions from a Hazardous
Waste Incineration Facility.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
L. J. Staley, G. A. Holton, F. R. O'Donnell, and C. A.
Little. 1982,12pCONF-820317-2
Contract W-7405-ENG-26
Annual research symposium on solid and hazardous
waste, Cincinnati, OH, USA, 8 Mar 1982.
The exposure in a nearby population to volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) from emissions of a municipal
hazardous waste incinerator is determined by measur-
ing the emission rates and estimating the dispersion of
those pollutants over the surrounding community.
Measurements of fugitive VOC emissions from leaky
pipe fittings, flanges, pumps, and valves are made.
VOC emissions from the stack and air pollution control
devices are also measured. An emission assessment
is then performed to determine the percentage con-
centration and population exposure associated with
selected emissions from each source at the facility.
Results indicate that, in this particular case, fugitive
and stack emissions do not contribute significantly to
pollutant concentration and population exposure. Fur-
ther, data for specific constituents of the VOC emis-
sions also show extremely low concentrations and ex-
posure, but these results are based on only a partial
analysis and additional qualitative emission analyses
are required. 8 references, 2 figures, 4 tables. (ERA ci-
tation 09:005363)
Keywords: 'Hazardous Materials, 'Hydrocarbons, 'In-
cinerators, Air Pollution, Chemical Effluents, Diffusion,
Ecological Concentration, Experimental Data, Gase-
ous Wastes, Human Populations, Municipal Wastes,
Volatile Matter, Waste Processing, ERDA/500200,
Volatile organic compounds.
DE84007557/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
PREPAR: A User-Friendly Preprocessor to Create
AIRDOS-EPA Input Data Sets.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
A. L. Sjoreen, C. W. Miller, and C. B. Nelson. 1984,10p
CONF-840202-17
Contract W-7405-ENG-26
17. midyear topical meeting of the Health Physics So-
ciety, Pasco, WA, USA, 5 Feb 1984.
PREPAR is a FORTRAN program designed to simplify
the preparation of input for the AIRDOS-EPA computer
code. PREPAR was designed to provide a method for
data entry that is both logical and flexible. It also pro-
vides default values for all variables, so the user needs
only to enter those data for which the defaults should
be changed. Data are entered either unformatted or
via a user-selected format. A separate file of the nu-
clide-specific data needed by AIRDOS-EPA is read by
PREPAR. Two utility programs, EXTRAC and
RADLST, were written to create and list this file.
PREPAR writes the file needed to run AIRDOS-EPA
and writes a listing of that file. (ERA citation
09:019051)
Keywords: "Radionuclide Migration, Air Pollution,
Food Chains, P Codes, ERDA/500300, ERDA/
510300.
DE84011323/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Animal investigation Program for the Nevada Test
Site: 1957-1981.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
D. D. Smith, and S. C. Black. Jan 84,75p DOE/DP/
00539-050, EPA-600/6-84-020
Contract AI08-76DP00539
Portions are illegible in microfiche products. Original
copy available until stock is exhausted.
This report summarizes the findings of the Animal In-
vestigation Program from its initiation in 1957 to termi-
nation in 1981. The Program investigated the effects of
nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site on domestic
and wild animals residing on, and in the vicinity of the
Test Site. Claims of injury to animals were investigated
and a routine program of collecting tissue samples
were the principal activities. Tissue samples collected
were examined histopathologically and were analyzed
for specific radionuclides. Analyses of tissue samples
from the Nevada Test Site beef herd occurred semian-
nually over the entire 25-year period and several other
beef herds were analyzed for up to 10-year periods.
Other animals sampled for extended periods included
mule deer and desert bighorn sheep. The results of the
claims investigations are reported as well as analyses
for the radionuclides: tritium, strontium-90, iodine-131,
cesium-137, and plutonium-239. Also, the results of
certain special studies, e.g., in animals around other
testing sites such as Mississippi, Colorado, etc., and
for special purposes such as at the Rocky Flats Plant
in Colorado, and for iodine-129 in thyroids from
Nevada cattle are included. Most of the data are pre-
sented as trends over time. Calculation of hypothetical
doses to man from ingestion of edible tissue are in-
cluded. 61 references, 9 figures, 4 tables. (ERA cita-
tion 09:029271)
Keywords: 'Domestic Animals, 'Nevada Test Site,
'Wild Animals, Cesium 137, Contamination, Data
Compilation, Fallout, Iodine 131, Man, Nuclear Explo-
sions, Plutonium 239, Radiation Doses, Radioecologi-
cal Concentration, Research Programs, Strontium 90,
Tissue Distribution, Tritium, ERDA/510302, ERDA/
450202.
DE84011418/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Sciences Research Lab.
Towing Tank Studies of Stratified Flow over
Ridges and Valleys.
Los Alamos National Lab., NM.
J. T. Lee, S. Barr, R. E. Lawson, Jr., W. H. Snyder, and
G. L. Marsh. 1984,34p LA-UR-84-1314, CONF-
841059-1
Contract W-7405-ENG-36
American Meteorological Society conference on
mountain meteorology, Portland, OR, USA, 15 Oct
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Stable atmospheric flow over a ridge and a valley was
simulated in a large towing tank filled with stratified salt
water. Flow visualization experiments were conducted
using colored dye streamers and 10 cm high models
with sinusoidal cross-sections. These experiments
provided qualitative data on the structure of the flow
field over the ridges and within the valley. They also
provided quantitative data on the height of the dividing
streamline which separates the fluid that flows over a
ridge from that which flows around the ends. These
data agree with an existing theory based upon the po-
tential energy barrier associated with flow over the
ridge. 9 references, 16 figures. (ERA citation
09:044460)
Keywords: "Atmospheric Circulation, Bench-Scale Ex-
periments, Brines, Complex Terrain, Fluid Flow, Lam-
inar Flow, Simulation, ERDA/500100.
OE84012856/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, IX.
Corrosion Manual for Internal Corrosion of Water
Distribution Systems.
Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc., Gaines-
ville, FL.
J. E. Singley, B. A. Beaudet, and P. H. Markey. Apr 84,
142p ORNL/TM-8919, EPA-570/9-84-001
Contract AC05-84OR21400
Portions are illegible in microfiche products.
Corrosion of distribution piping and of home plumbing
and fixtures has been estimated to cost the public
water supply industry more than $700 million per year.
Two toxic metals that occur in tap water, almost entire-
ly because of corrosion, are lead and cadmium. Three
other metals, usually present because of corrosion,
cause staining of fixtures, or metallic taste, or both.
These are copper (blue stains and metallic taste), iron
(red-brown stains and metallic taste), and zinc (metal-
lic taste). Since the Safe Drinking Water Act (P.L. 93-
523) makes the supplying utility responsible for the
water quality at the customer's tap, it is necessary to
prevent these metals from getting into the water on the
way to the tap. This manual was written to give the op-
erators of potable water treatment plants and distribu-
tion systems an understanding of the causes and con-
trol of corrosion. (ERA citation 09:031696)
Keywords: 'Water Supply, Control, "Corrosion, Cost,
Drinking Water, Manuals, Monitoring, Pipes, Plumbing,
Water Quality, Water Treatment, ERDA/520000,
ERDA/36010S.
DE84013121/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Offsite Environmental Monitoring Report. Radi-
ation Monitoring around United States Nuclaar
Test Areas, Calendar Year 1983.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
R. G. Patzer, S. C. Black, R. F. Grossman, and D. D.
Smith. Jul 84, 144p DOE/DP/00539-051, EPA-600/4-
84-040
Contract AI08-76DP00539
Portions are illegible in microfiche products. Original
copy available until stock is exhausted.
This report covers the routine radiation monitoring ac-
tivities conducted by the Environmental Monitoring
Systems Laboratory-Las Vegas in areas which may be
affected by nuclear testing programs of the Depart-
ment of Energy. This monitoringTs conducted to docu-
ment compliance with standards, to identify trends In
environmental radiation, and to provide such informa-
tion to the public. It summarizes these activities for cal-
endar year 1983. No radioactivity attributable to NTS
activities was detectable offsite by the monitoring net-
works. Using recorded wind data and Pasquill stability
categories, atmospheric dispersion calculations based
on reported radionuclide releases yield an estimated
dose of 5 x 10 exp -5 man-rem to the population within
80 km of the Nevada Test Site during 1983. World-
wide fallout of Kr-85, Sr-90, Cs-137, and Pu-239 de-
tected by the monitoring networks would cause maxi-
mum exposure to an individual of less than 0.2 mrem
per year. Plutonium and krypton in air were similar to
1982 levels while cesium and strontium in other sam-
ples were near the detection limits. An occasional net
exposure to offsite residents has been detected by the
TLD network. On investigation, the cause of such net
exposures has been due to personal habits or occupa-
tional activities, not to NTS activities. 29 references, 35
figures, 30 tables. (ERA citation 09:036272)
Keywords: "Nevada Test Site, Air, Cesium 137, Data
Compilation, Fallout, Human Populations, Krypton 85,
Milk, Plutonium 239, Radiation Doses, Radiation Moni-
toring, Strontium 90, ERDA/500300, ERDA/510302.
DE84013519/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Nutritional Requirements and Contaminant Analy-
sis of Laboratory Animal Feeds.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
B. C. Pal, R. H. Ross, and H. A. Milman. May 84,109p
ORNL-6035, EPA-560/6-83-005
Contract AC05-84OR21400
Portions are illegible in microfiche products.
The primary objectives of this report are to present in-
formation concerning the nutritional requirements of
several commonly used laboratory animal species (i.e.,
mouse, rat, hamster, guinea pig, rabbit, and dog) and
to discuss various aspects of the problem of contami-
nation of laboratory animal feeds. In addition, this doc-
ument discusses the different types of laboratory
animal diets (e.g., open vs closed formula), the ingredi-
ents used in these diets, the interaction of dietary com-
ponents, and the public comments received respective
to the EPA proposed guidelines for the nutrient com-
position of laboratory animal diets. Much of the data
are presented in tabular form. 567 references; 3 fig-
ures; 19 tables; 5 appendices. (ERA citation
09:034481)
Keywords: "Animal Feeds, "Laboratory Animals, Con-
tamination, Estrogens, Lead, Nitroso Compounds, Nu-
trition, Pesticides, Toxins, Vitamins, ERDA/560305.
DE84015812/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Pechan (E.H.) and Associates, Inc., Springfield, VA.
Integrated Emissions Model System for Analysis
of Acid Deposition Control Strategies.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
P. Schwengels, E. Pechan, K. Graves, and D. Streets.
1984,17p CONF-840612-16
Contract W-31-109-ENG-38
Air Pollution Control Association annual meeting, San
Francisco, CA, USA, 25 Jun 1984.
Portions are illegible in microfiche products.
The Acid Precipitation Act of 1980 established an
Interagency Task Force on Acid Precipitation. The task
force formulated a research effort, the National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP), whose
objective is to provide a scientifically based framework
for policy analysis. The NAPAP will produce a series of
assessments. Key model components of these as-
sessments are discussed. The capabilities being de-
veloped for estimating future man-made emissions rel-
evant to acid deposition, and the costs and changes in
emission patterns expected from alternative emission
reduction policies are emphasized. 11 references, 5
figures. (ERA citation 09:043528)
Keywords: "Air Pollution, Acid Rain, Economics, Fore-
casting, Mathematical Models, Numerical Data, Re-
search Programs, ERDA/290300, ERDA/500200,
ERDA/293000.
DE84900198/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Can We Delay a Greenhouse Warming.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Policy Analysis.
S. Seidel. Sep 83,205p EPA-4900198
Evidence continues to accumulate that increases in at-
mospheric carbon dioxide (CO sub 2) and other green-
house gases will substantially raise global tempera-
ture. While considerable uncertainty exists concerning
the rate and ultimate magnitude of such a temperature
rise, current estimates suggest that a 2 exp 0 C (3.6
exp 0 F) Increase could occur by the middle of the next
century, and a 5 exp 0 C (9 exp 0 F) increase by 2100.
Such increases in the span of only a few decades rep-
resent an unprecedented rate of atmospheric warm-
ing. Temperature increases are likely to be accompa-
nied by dramatic chages in precipitation and storm pat-
terns and a rise in global average sea level. As a result,
agricultural conditions will be significantly altered, envi-
ronmental and economic systems potentially disrupt-
ed, and political institutions stressed. Responses to
the threat of a greenhouse warming are polarized. This
study alms to shed light on the debate by evaluating
the usefulness of various strategies for slowing or limit-
ing a global warming. This study takes a first look at
whether specific policies aimed at limiting the use of
fossil fuels would prove effective in delaying tempera-
ture increases over the next 120 years. These policies
are also evaluated for their economic and political fea-
sibility. To put our findings in persepective, alternative,
nonenergy approaches to limiting a greenhouse warm-
ing are also reviewed. 63 references. (ERA citation
09:000629)
Keywords: "Carbon Dioxide, "Greenhouse Effect, Air
Pollution Control, Carbon Cycle, Energy Policy, Envi-
ronmental Impacts, Environmental Policy, Fossil
Fuels, Response Modifying Factors, ERDA/290300.
DE84900273/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Morphological Variation In Djalmabatista (Dlptera:
Chironomldae) Associated with Coal-Strip-Mine
Ponds.
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Div. of
VA/atAr Racnur^flQ
K. J. Tennesson, and P. K. Gottfried. Mar 83,65p EPA-
600/7-83-017, TVA/ONR/WRF-83/6
Larvae of Djalmabatista pulcher (Johannsen) possess-
ing abnormally-shaped ligulas were found in aban-
doned coal strip mine ponds near Brilliant, Alabama.
Of the total 1472 larvae examined, 50 possessed an
abnormal ligula (3.4%), a frequency greater than previ-
ously reported for chironomids. Abnormalities were
found in larval instars II, III, and IV. Based on monthly
samples from June to October 1978, the combined fre-
quency of abnormalities in three strip mine ponds
(3.04%) was not significantly different from the fre-
quency at the unmined reference site, Marion County
Lake (1.85%) (P = 0.36). The frequencies of abnor-
malities were not significantly correlated with any
measured water qualify of biological parameter related
to strip mine activity. (ERA citation 09:000093)
Keywords: "Insects, "Ponds, "Surface Mining, "Water
Pollution, Abandoned Sites, Alabama, Biological Ef-
fects, Calcium Compounds, Coal Mining, Iron Com-
pounds, Larvae, Magnesium Compounds, Manganese
Compounds, Morphological Changes, Natural Radio-
activity, PH Value, ERDA/010900, ERDA/560304.
DE84900344/HSU	PC A14/MF A01
Economic Evaluation of Limestone and Lime Flue-
Gas-Desulfurlzatlon Processes.
Tennessee Valley Authority, Muscle Shoals, AL. Div. of
Energy Demonstrations and Technology.
T. A. Burnett, C. D. Stephenson, F. A. Sudhoff, and J.
D. Veitch. May 83,322p EPA-600/7-83-029, TVA/OP/
EDT-82/6
Portions are illegible in microfiche products.
The preliminary-grade economics (accuracy: -15%,
+ 30%) of various alternative limestone scrubbing op-
tions (absorber type, with and without forced oxidation,
and with and without adipic acid enhancemet) are ex-
amined using the current design and economic prem-
ises established for the continuing series of economic
evaluations performed by TVA for EPA. The econom-
ics are projected using the Shawnee lime/limestone
computer model, which is based on long-term operat-
ing data from the EPA Alkali Scrubbing Test Facility at
the TVA Shawnee Steam Plant near Paducah, Ken-
tucky. The capital investment for the base-case lime-
stone scrubbing process (500 MW, 3.5% sulfur coal,
1979 NSPS, spray tower, forced oxidation, landfill) is
$206/kW. The first-year and levelized annual revenue
requirements are 10.59 and 15.09 miils/kWh, respec-
tively. Costs for the equivalent limestone scrubbing
process using a Turbulent Contact Absorber (TCA) are
lower while those for the venturi - spray tower absorber
are higher. The forced-oxidation landfill disposal
option nas a lower capital investment than the unoxi-
dized pond disposal option for all cases studied; how-
ever, the first-year and levelized annual revenue re-
quirements are slightly higher for the forced-oxidation
landfill process for most coal applications. For the
spray tower limestone process to achieve a specified
SO sub 2 removal efficiency, it is more economical to
increase the limestone stoichiometry and minimize the
absorber L/G. The use of adipic acid or possibly diba-
sic acid (DBA) as an additive to enhance SO sub 2 re-
moval in the limestone scrubbing process is an eco-
nomically attractive option. The use of adipic acid re-
mains economically attractive even if both a high unit
cost and a high degradation factor for adipic acid are
assumed. 176 references, 35 figures, 56 tables. (ERA
citation 09:004335)
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Keywords: 'Flue Gas, "Lime-Limestone Wet Scrub-
bing Processes, Additives, Adipic Acid, Adsorbents,
Desulfurization, Economic Analysis, Efficiency, Experi-
mental Data, Fossil-Fuel Power Plants, Kentucky, Re-
moval, Scrubbers, Sulfur Dioxide, Tennessee Valley
Authority, ERDA/010800, ERDA/200202.
DE84900765/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Analytical Capability of the Environmental Radi-
ation Ambient Monitoring System.
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
J. A. Broadway, and M. Mardis. Sep 83,72p EPA-520/
5-83-024
Portions are illegible in microfiche products.
The ERAMS program is composed of a network of
sampling stations throughout the United States plus an
associated radioanalytical and assessment support
group. These components provide a capability to
evaluate environmental consequences from both
normal ambient concentrations of radiation and time
dependent changes as measured by the samples. The
program is structured to measure concentrations of ra-
dionuclides in air, milk, surface water, and drinking
water and to estimate dose and health impact. Several
examples of short-term and long-term assessments of
dose and health effect calculations fom the ERAMS
data base have been presented in this report. (ERA ci-
tation 09:014967)
Keywords: 'Cesium 137, 'Iodine 131, "Krypton 85,
'Strontium 90, 'Tritium, 'Uranium 234, 'Uranium 238,
Atmospheric Explosions, Background Radiation,
Drinking Water, Milk, Radioecological Concentration,
Radionuclide Migration, Surface Waters, ERDA/
500300, 'Radiation monitoring.
DE84900819/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Pressure Sensitive Tape and Label Surface Coat-
ing Industry - Background Information for Pro-
mulgated Standards.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
J. R. Farmer. Sep 83, 54p* EPA-450/3-80-003b
Standards of performance for the control of emissions
from pressure sensitive tape and label surface coat-
ings operations are being promulgated under the au-
thority of Section 111 of the Clean Air Act. These
standards apply to pressure sensitive tape and label
coating lines which emit more than 45 Mg (50 tons) of
volatile organic compounds (VOC) per year and for
which construction or modification began on or after
the date of proposal of the regulations. This document
provides a final environmental impact statement and a
discussion of changes made to the standards after
proposal as a result of public comments. (ERA citation
09:012752)
Keywords: 'Air Pollution Control, 'Standards, 'Sur-
face Coating, Chemical Effluents, Chemical Industry,
Coatings, Environmental Impact Statements, Organic
Compounds, Volatile Matter, ERDA/530300.
DE84900827/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Ground-Water Monitoring Guidance for Owners
and Operators of Interim Status Facilities. Revi-
sion.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response.
Mar 83,190p EPA-SW-963-Rev.
Portions are illegible in microfiche products.
This Manual provides guidance for owners and opera-
tors of hazardous waste land disposal facilities in com-
plying with the interim status requirements for ground-
water quality monitoring in Subpart F of 40 CFR 265,
(45 Fed. Reg. 33239 et seq., May 19, 1980). These
regulations require owners and operators to design
and implement either a detection program at facilities
not known or assumed to be significantly affecting
around-water quality or an assessment program for
quantifying the ground water quality effects which have
occurred. Owners or operators who assumed that
ground water has been affected by the facility were
provided an opportunity to waive the detection pro-
gram. In this case, they may enter directly into the as-
sessment program, quantifying the extent of contami-
nation and the rate of migration. This manual dis-
cusses the objectives of the programs, the regulatory
language and the Agency's associated intent, and re-
quired monitoring systems, analyses and reporting.
1710 Vol. 90, No. 24
The guidance in this manual is applicable to EPA-ad-
ministered programs. (ERA citation 09:020819)
Keywords: 'Ground Water, "Monitoring, Contamina-
tion, Hazardous Materials, Manuals, Regulations, Sani-
tary Landfills, US EPA, Waste Disposal, ERDA/
520200, ERDA/520600.
DE84900964/HSU	PC A25/MF A01
Review of New Source Performance Standards
for Primary Copper Smelters. Chapters 1 Through
9.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Mar 84, 582p EPA-450/3-83-018a
Portions are illegible in microfiche products.
Standards of performance for the control of emissions
from primary copper smelters were promulgated in
1976. Developments since promulgation necessitated
that the following be included in the periodic review of
the standards: (1) reexamination of the current exemp-
tion for reverberatory furnaces processing high-impuri-
ty materials, (2) assessment of the feasibility of con-
trolling particulate matter emissions from reverberato-
ry furnaces processing high-impurity materials, (3) re-
evaluation of the impact of the current standard on the
ability of existing smelters to expand production, and
(4) assessment of the technical and economic feasibil-
ity of controlling fugitive emissions at primary copper
smelters. The results of the review indicated that no
changes should be made to the existing standard. This
document contains background information and envi-
ronmental and economic assessments considered in
arriving at this conclusion. 99 references, 75 figures,
110 tables. (ERA citation 09:025071)
Keywords: 'Air Pollution Control, 'Smelters, Copper,
Cost, Economic Impact, Environmental Impacts,
Standards, US EPA, ERDA/500600, EFIDA/290300,
'New source performance standards.
DE84900965/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Review of New Source Performance Standards
for Primary Copper Smelters. Appendices.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
Mar 84,161 p EPA-450/3-83-018b
Portions are illegible in microfiche products.
Standards of performance for the control of emissions
from primary copper smelters were promulgated in
1976. Developments since promulgation necessitated
that the following be included in the periodic review of
the standards: (1) reexamination of the current exemp-
tion for reverberatory furnaces processing high-impuri-
ty materials, (2) assessment of the feasibility of con-
trolling particulate matter emissions from reverberato-
ry furnaces processing high-impurity materials, (3) re-
evaluation of the impact of the current standard on the
ability of existing smelters to expand production, and
(4) assessment of the technical and economic feasibil-
ity of controlling fugitive emissions at primary copper
smelters. The results of the review indicated that no
changes should be made to the existing standard. This
document contains background information and envi-
ronmental and economic assessments considered in
arriving at this conclusion. This, volume 2, contains the
appendices. 4 figures, 38 tables. (ERA citation
09:025072)
Keywords: 'Air Pollution Control, 'Smelters, Aerosol
Monitoring, Copper, Cost, Economic Impact, Environ-
mental Impacts, Experimental Data, Mathematical
Models, Numerical Data, Standards, US EPA, Waste
Disposal, ERDA/500600, ERDA/290300, 'New
source performance standards.
DE84901072/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Synthetic Fiber Production Facilities: Background
Information for Promulgated Standards.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Emission Standards and Engineering Div.
Mar 84, 64p EPA-450/3-82-011 b
Portions are illegible in microfiche products.
Standards of performance to control emissions of
volatile organic compounds (VOC) from new and re-
constructed synthetic fiber production facilities are
being promulgated under the authority of Section 111
of the Clean Air Act. This document contains a detailed
summary of the public comments on the proposed
standards (47 FR 52932), responses to these com-
ments, and a summary of changes to the proposed
standards. 2 tables. (ERA citation 09:031726)
Keywords: 'Standards, "Textile Industry, Air Pollution
Control, Clean Air Act, Public Opinion, ERDA/530300.
ERDA/500600, "Volatile organic compounds.
DE84901182/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Surface Impoundment Assessment National
Report.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Drinking Water.
Dec 83, 220p EPA-570/9-84-002
The report presents a broad look at the use of im-
poundments for the disposal of waste liquids and
sludges and the effects of that use on ground water
quality. Individual state programs to manage impound-
ments are described. A manual for evaluating the con-
tamination potential of surface impoundments is in-
cluded. 40 figures, 27 tables. (ERA citation 09:029295)
Keywords: "Ground Disposal, "Ground Water, "Liquid
Wastes, Contamination, Environmental Impacts,
Ponds, Regulations, State Government, Water Pollu-
tion Abatement, ERDA/520200, ERDA/290300.
DE84901925/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Government Allocation of Property Rights: Why
and How.
RAND Corp., Santa Monica, CA.
E. Rolph. Jul 82, 88p RAND/R-2822-EPA
As population growth and consumption place mount-
ing stress on resources and on the environment, pol-
icymakers have become increasingly interested in
ways to limit resources use. One obvious mechanism
is the permit program. Under a permit program, the
government assigns consumption or use rights to a
particular group. At the same time, the program caps
the consumption or use allowed by recipients of the
rights. Programs that confer rights upon a particular
subgroup of the population raise an interesting and
unique set of concerns. Who should this group be. On
what basis should the allocation be made. Should re-
cipients pay for the benefits. What should the nature of
the benefits be. The purpose of our research is to un-
derstand how the political process has dealt with these
questions in the past and with what results. The study
is exploratory and is based on information drawn from
12 cases. The analysis focuses on program designs
and on the administrative and evolutionary character-
istics of the sample cases. For each case, the follow-
ing questions were asked: Who receives the right. On
what basis is the allocation made. How complete are
the property rights that are conferred. And what spe-
cial trends in program development are discernible. All
programs that confer rights or benefits are motivated
by one of three objectives. Some exist to move publicly
owned resources into the private sector for develop-
ment. Some exist because patterns of use have cre-
ated externalities either for the user group or for the
public, and the government is called upon to regulate
that use. And finally, rights are often conferred upon a
group to protect that group from the deleterious effects
of a market shift. Once cases are typed according to
their motivating objective, clear patterns in design
emerge. The criteria determining the quantity of rights
a recipient will get show a similar clear pattern. (ERA
citation 09:047963)
Keywords: "Property Rights, Government Policies.
Permits, Resources, ERDA/293000.
DE86Q01548/HSU	PC A02
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
Comparison of the Skin Tumor Initiating Activities
of Emission Extracts In the SENCAR Mouse.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
S. Nesnow, L. L Triplett, and T. J. Slaga. 1981,13p
CONF-811088-7
Contract AC05-840R21400
Symposium on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Co-
lumbus, OH, USA, 27 Oct 1981.
Paper copy only, copy does not permit microfiche pro-
duction.
This paper describes the results of a systematic study
of the ability of extracts of particulate emissions from
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
tumors in SENCAR mice. 19 references, 1 figure, 5
tables. (ERA citation 10:005537)
Keywords: "Combustion Products, 'Carcinogenesis,
Coke Ovens, Exhaust Gases, Experimental Data, In-
ternal Combustion Engines, Mice, Neoplasms, Particu-
lates, Skin, Solvent Extraction, Tar, ERDA/560305.
DE85002393/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Population Distribution around the Nevada Test
Site, 1984.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
D. D. Smith, and J. S. Coogan. Aug 84,26p DOE/DP/
00539-053, EPA-600/4-84-067
Contract AI08-76DP00539
Portions are Illegible in microfiche products. Original
copy available until stock is exhausted.
The Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
(EMSL-LV) conducts an offsite radiological safety pro-
gram outside the boundaries of the Nevada Test Site.
As part of this program, the EMSL-LV maintains a
comprehensive and current listing of all rural offsite
residents and dairy animals within the controllable sec-
tors (areas where the EMSL-LV could implement pro-
tective or remedial actions that would assure public
safety). This report was produced to give a brief over-
view of the population distribution and information on
the activities within the controllable sectors. Obviously
the numbers of people in a sector change dependent
upon the season of the year, and such diverse infor-
mation as the price of minerals which relates to the
opening and closing of mining operations. Currently,
the controllable sectors out to 200 kilometers from the
Control Point on the NTS are considered to be the
entire northeast, north-northeast, north, north-north-
west, west-northwest sectors and portions of the east
and east-northeast sectors. The west-southwest and
south-southwest sections are considered controllable
out to 40 to 80 kilometers. No major population cen-
ters or dairy farms lie within these sectors. 7 refer-
ences, 5 figures, 2 tables. (ERA citation 10:003326)
Keywords: 'Farms, Human Populations, Dairy Indus-
try, Experimental Data, Monitoring, 'Nevada Test Site,
ERDA/510300.
DE85002783/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Nevada Test Site Experimental Farm: Summary
Report 1963-1981.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
S. C. Black, and D. D. Smith. Aug 84,64p DOE/DP/
00539-052, EPA-600/4-84-066
Contract AI08-76DP00539
This report summarizes the findings from experiments
conducted at the Experimental Dairy Farm located on
the Nevada Test Site. These experiments included the
air-forage-cow-milk transport of the radioiodines, and
the metabolism and milk transfer of other fission prod-
ucts and several actinides. Major studies are listed In
chronological order from 1964 to 1978 and include the
purpose, procedures, isotopes used, and findings for
each such study. Animal exposures occurred from fall-
out, from artificial aerosol generation, and from oral or
intravenous administration. A complete bibliography
and references to published reports of the experi-
ments are included. The findings from the radioisotope
studies at the Experimental Dairy Farm and the results
obtained from the Animal Investigation Program pro-
vide a rationale for making predictions and for planning
protective actions that could be useful in emergency
response to accidental contaminating events where
fresh fission products are involved. 61 references.
(ERA citation 10:003325)
Keywords: 'Food Chains, "Nevada Test Site, Actin-
ides, Cows, Environmental Exposure Pathway, Farms,
Fission Products, Iodine Isotopes, Radionuclide Migra-
tion, Research Programs, ERDA/510302.
DE85008787/HSU	PC A21/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Chemicals Identified In Human Biological Media, a
Data Bate. Fifth Annual Report, October 1983,
Volume 8, Part 2.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
M. V. Cone, M. F. Baldauf, D. M. Opresko, M. S. Uziel,
and B. Chilton. Apr 84,488p ORNL/EIS-163-V.6-Pt.2,
EPA-560/5-83-012-Vol.6-Pt.2
Contract AC05-840R21400
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche
products. Original copy available until stock is exhaust-
ed.
A comprehensive data base of chemicals identified in
human biological media (tissues and body fluids) has
been established under the direction of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency's Office of Toxic Sub-
stances Exposure Evaluation Division. This centralized
resource of body-burden information was inspired by
the concern of government scientists over continuing
reports of toxic chemicals in human tissues and body
fluids. Data were obtained primarily from the open liter-
ature through manual searches of selected journals.
The file contains Information on over 1000 chemicals
that have been found in human biological media. Part 2
contains body burden data extracted since the last
publication of the data base. (ERA citation 10:023109)
Keywords: 'Tissues, 'Body Burden, Chemical Compo-
sition, Data Compilation, Drugs, "Inorganic Com-
pounds, Metals, 'Organic Compounds, ERDA/
550200, Data bases, Body fluids. Human, Toxicology.
DE85008768/HSU	PC A20/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Chemicals Identified In Human Biological Madia, a
Data Base. Fifth Annual Report, October 1983.
Volume VI, Part 1.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
M. V. Cone, M. F. Baldauf, D. M. Opresko, M. S. Uziel,
and B. Chilton. Apr 84,456p ORNL/EIS-163-V.6-Pt.1,
EPA-560/5-83-012-Vol.6-Pt. 1
Contract AC05-840R21400
A comprehensive data base of chemicals identified in
human biological media (tissues and body fluids) has
been established under the direction of the Environ-
mental Protection Agency's Office of Toxic Sub-
stances Exposure Evaluation Division. This centralized
resource of body-burden information was inspired by
the concern of government scientists over continuing
reports of toxic chemicals in human tissues and body
fluids. Data were obtained primarily from the open liter-
ature through manual searches of selected journals.
The file contains information on over 1000 chemicals
that have been found in human biological media. Part 1
contains introductory materials, references, literature
citations, indices, and a chemical directory. (ERA cita-
tion 10:021745)
Keywords: "Tissues, Body Burden, Chemical Compo-
sition, Data Compilation, Drugs, "Inorganic Com-
pounds, Man, Metals, "Organic Compounds, ERDA/
550200, 'Toxicity, Data bases.
DE85008769/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Chemicals Identified In Feral and Food Animals, a
Data Baa*. Third Annual Report, October 1983.
Volume 3. Records 1518-2827.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
M. V. Cone, R. A. Faust, and M. F. Baldauf. Apr 84,
626p ORNL/EIS-196-V.3, EPA-560/5-83-013-VOI.3
Contract AC05-84OR21400
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche
products. Original copy available until stock Is exhaust-
ed.
A comprehensive data base of chemicals identified in
feral and food animals has been established under the
direction of the Exposure Evaluation Division in the En-
vironmental Protection Agency's Office of Toxic Sub-
stances. This effort has grown out of the concern over
continuing reports of toxic chemicals in human tissues
and body fluids. Feral populations and food animals
are regarded as indicators of environmental contami-
nation and subsequent human body burden. Data were
obtained primarily from the open literature through
manual searches retrospective to 1979. The file con-
tains information on 150 different substances. (ERA ci-
tation 10:021681)
Keywords: 'Tissues, Animals, Chemical Composition,
Data Compilation, Inorganic Compounds, Metals, Or-
ganic Compounds, Pesticides, ERDA/510200, ERDA/
550200, ERDA/520200, Data base, Food chains.
DE85010578/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Loves Creek Anaerobic, Upflow (ANFLOW) Pilot
Plant: Performance Summary.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
M. T. Harris, T. L. Donaldson, R. K. Genung, A. L.
Rivera, and C. W. Hancher. Mar 85,112p ORNL/TM-
9317, EPA-600/2-85/040
Contract AC05-84OR21400
Anaerobic filter technology for municipal wastewater
treatment has been studied in Knoxville, Tennessee
with a 190-m exp 3 /d facility from August 1981 to Oc-
tober 1983. The ORNL project (described by the acro-
nym ANFLOW for the anaerobic, upflow characteris-
tics of the technology) received funding from both
DOE and EPA. During treatment of low-strength mu-
nicipal wastewater before primary sedimentation, the
effluent met the EPA secondary treatment discharge
limits of 30 mg/L for TSS and BOD the vast majority of
the time, with only an occasional increase to the 30 to
40 mg/L range for periods of 1 to 2 d. Loading rates
used in this study were approx.0.25 kg/m exp 3 .d for
both TSS and BOD; the hydraulic retention time
ranged from 9 to 10 h. TSS and BOD removal efficien-
cies were 80% and 70% respectively. This perform-
ance was maintained in ambient cold weather tests
(approx.12 exp 0 C water temperature). Approximately
20% of the influent carbon was converted to methane.
Gas production increased at higher loading rates with
higher strength wastewaters. The average rate of ac-
cumulation of dry solids in the bioreactor was
approx.150 kg/3800 m exp 3 (3800 m exp 3 = 1 mil-
lion gal) of wastewater treated, which represents a 75
to 80% reduction in solids production compared to pri-
mary sedimentation and activated sludge or trickling
filtration. The rate was slightly higher in cold weather
and somewhat lower in warm weather. A simple mate-
rial balance model was shown to predict the sludge ac-
cumulation using measurable influent and effluent pa-
rameters. 26 refs., 31 figs., 10 tabs. (ERA citation
10:024321)
Keywords: "Bioreactors, 'Waste Water, Anaerobic
Conditions, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Experimen-
tal Data, Filters, Municipal Wastes, Particulates, Per-
formance Testing, Water Treatment, Water Treatment
Plants, ERDA/520200.
OE85012250/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Off-Site Environmental Monitoring Report: Radi-
ation Monitoring around United States Nuclear
Test Areas, Calendar Yoar 1984.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
G. D. Potter, S. C. Black, R. F. Grossman, R. G. Patzer,
and D. D. Smith. Apr 85,131p DOE/DP/00539-055,
EPA-600/4-85-035
Contract AI08-76DP00539
This report covers the routine radiation monitoring ac-
tivities conducted by the Environmental Monitoring
Systems Laboratory-Las Vegas in areas which may be
affected by nuclear testing programs of the Depart-
ment of Energy. This monitoring is conducted to docu-
ment compliance with standards, to identify trends in
environmental radiation, and to provide such informa-
tion to the public. It summarizes these activities for cal-
endar year 1984. No radioactivity attributable to NTS
activities was detectable offsite by the monitoring net-
works. Using recorded wind data and Pasquill stability
categories, atmospheric dispersion calculations based
on reported radionuclides releases yield an estimated
dose of 1 x 10 exp -3 person-rem to the population
within 80 km of the Nevada Test Site during 1983.
World-wide fallout of Kr-85, Sr-90, Cs-137, and Pu-239
detected by the monitoring networks would cause
maximum exposure to an individual of less than 0.6
mrem per year. Plutonium in air was still detectable
along with krypton-85, which continued its gradual in-
crease, as has been reported previously. Cesium and
strontium in air were near their detection limits. An oc-
casional net exposure to offsite residents has been de-
tected by the TLD network. On investigation, the cause
of such net exposures has been due to personal habits
or occupational activities, not to NTS activities. 32
refs., 36 figs., 27 tabs. (ERA citation 10:034728)
Keywords: Arizona, California, Nevada, 'Nevada Test
Site, Utah, Cesium 137, Data Compilation, Environ-
mental Exposure Pathway, Fallout, Fission Product
Release, Human Populations, Krypton 85, Nuclear Ex-
plosions, Plutonium 239, Radiation Doses, 'Radiation
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Monitoring, Strontium 90, ERDA/500300, ERDA/
510302, ERDA/560151.
DE85014679/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN,
User's Guide for the Automated Inhalation Expo-
sure Methodology (IEM): Addendum 1. Project
Summary.
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Hazardous Waste Engineering Research Lab.
F. R. O'Donnell, and A. C. Cooper. 1983, 5p DOE/OR/
21400-T146
Contract AC05-840R21400
The Inhalation Exposure Methodology (IEM) is an
interactive system of computer programs installed on
the IBM system at the National Computer Center, Re-
search Triangle Park, North Carolina. The system pro-
vides an estimate of the population distribution around
a chosen site and estimates of annual-average,
ground-level, air concentrations of pollutants released
from one or more sources at an industrial complex lo-
cated at the site and of the population exposures asso-
ciated with the releases. This addendum presents re-
vised output tables for the example problem given in
the IEM user's guide. These revisions result from cor-
rections made to the atmospheric dispersion code
after publication of the original document. This report
also provides information on preparation and manipu-
lation of IEM input data files. 3 refs. (ERA citation
10:037840)
Keywords: "Air Pollution, Chronic Exposure, Computer
Codes, Diffusion, Ecological Concentration, Human
Populations, Industry, Inhalation, Point Pollutant
Sources, ERDA/560306, ERDA/500200, 'Public
health, Computer applications.
DE85015727/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Monte Carlo Simulation of Two-Particle Relative
Diffusion Using Eulerian Statistics.
Los Alamos National Lab., NM.
9'„L,?ione'R-E- Laws°n. and M. Shipman.
1985,16p LA-UR-85-2745, CONF-851177-1
Contract W-7405-ENG-36
Symposium on turbulence and diffusion of the AMS,
Boulder, CO, USA, 12 Nov 1985.
One-particle Monte Carlo simulations of relative diffu-
sion in LSa are modified to account for intsrparticle ve-
locity correlations both at the source and along the
particle trajectories. The interparticle correlations are
calculated directly from the Eulerian space-time veloci-
ty autocorrelation function. Since the particle trajector-
ies are coupled, this is referred to as a two-particle
model. Results from these two-parlicle simulations are
compared to our previous one-particle results to deter-
mine the importance of the interparticle correlations
downwind of the source. The models are evaluated by
comparison with new wind tunnel data on the absolute
diffusion and meandering of a plume in a field of grid-
generated turbulence. (ERA citation 11:001283)
Keywords: 'Diffusion, "Particulates, 'Turbulence, 'Air
Pollution, Monte Carlo Method, Simulation, ERDA/
500100.
DE85016812/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Adlpic Acid Enhanced Flue Gas Desulfurlzation
Process for Industrial Boilers: Volume 1. Field
Test Results. Project Summary.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
P. A. Clarke, R. W. Gerstle, D. S. Henzel, K. W. Mason,
and S. R. Sabatini. Mar 83,8p EPA-600/S7-82-065a-
V.1
Contract AI01-80EV10473
Test results show that adding adipic acid to the lime-
stone slurry significantly improved the SO sub 2 re-
moval efficiency of the FGD system. Limited baseline
data on operations with limestone only indicated a per-
formance level of 55% SO sub 2 removal. Adding
about 2200 ppM of adipic acid to the limestone scrub-
bing systems, the unit's level of performance in-
creased to an average of 94.3% SO sub 2 removal
which was maintained within a standard deviation of
2.2% over a 30-day test period during which boiler
load was 70 to 130 million Btu/hr and gas throughput
varied 300%. (ERA citation 10:043665)
Keywords: 'Adipic Acid, 'Flue Gas, 'Sulfur Dioxide,
'Air Pollution Control, Boilers, Coal, Field Tests, Lime-
Limestone Wet Scrubbing Processes, Removal,
ERDA/010800, ERDA/500200, ERDA/200202.
DE85016813/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Adipic Acid Enhanced Flue Gas Desulfurlzation
Process for Industrial Boilers. Volume 2. Techni-
cal Assessment. Project Summary.
Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research Tri-
angle Park, NC.
G. P. Behrens, and O. W. Hargrove. Mar 83, 3p EPA-
600/S7-82-065b-V.2
Contract AI01-80EV10473
The SO sub 2 removal efficiency with the adipic acid
averaged 94.3% over a 30-day period, representing a
significant improvement in the performance of the
system using only limestone. Economic calculations
for an industrial boiler adipic-acid-enhanced limestone
FGD system indicate a slight reduction in both capital
and operating expenses relative to a limestone-only
system designed for 90% SO sub 2 control of 3.5%
sulfur coal. The costs are competitive with the dual
alkali system. The successful demonstration of the
adipic-acid-enhanced limestone system increases the
number of demonstrated technologies available to a
potential user. (ERA citation 10:043664)
Keywords: 'Adipic Acid, 'Flue Gas, 'Lime-Limestone
Wet Scrubbing Processes, 'Sulfur Dioxide, 'Air Pollu-
tion Control, Boilers, Efficiency, Removal, ERDA/
010800, ERDA/500200, ERDA/200202.
DE85901081/HSU	PC A06/MF A01
Potential Climatic Impacts of Increasing Atmos-
pheric CO sub 2 with Emphasis on Water Avail-
ability and Hydrology in the United States.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, New
York. Goddard Inst, for Space Studies.
Apr 84,109p EPA-230-04-84-006
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche
products.
The increase of CO sub 2 in the atmosphere resulting
from fossil fuel combustion is expected to have a pro-
found climatic effect, due to the ability of carbon diox-
ide to absorb radiation emitted from the earth atmos-
phere system. This report analyzes the hydrologic
changes over the North American continent that were
produced by doubling the carbon dioxide in the God-
dard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) general circula-
tion model. The first section describes the model and
provides a comparison between the model output and
the actual current climate. The changes that the model
produces with a doubling of the atmospheric carbon di-
oxide are then presented. The second section at-
tempts to put the results in perspective by examining
historical variations in precipitation. 23 references, 44
figures, 6 tables. (ERA citation 10:016984)
Keywords: 'Carbon Dioxide, 'Greenhouse Effect,
'USA, Atmospheric Circulation, Atmospheric Precipi-
tations, Climates, Earth Atmosphere, Ecological Con-
centration, Environmental Impacts, Forecasting, 'Hy-
drology, Mathematical Models, Temperature Effects,
ERDA/500200, ERDA/500400.
DE8S901094/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Airborne Radioactive Effluent Study at the Savan-
nah River Plant.
Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgom-
ery, AL.
R. L. Blanchard, J. A. Broadway, E. L. Sensintaffar, W.
P. Kirk, and B. Kahn. Jul 84,144p EPA-520/5-84-012
Under the Clean Air Act, Sections 112 and 122 as
amended in 1977, the Office of Radiation Programs
(OPR) of the United States Environmental Protection
Agency is currently developing standards for radionu-
clides emitted to the air by several source categories.
In order to confirm source-term measurements and
pathway calculations for radiation exposures to
numans offsite, the ORP performs field studies at se-
lected facilities that emit radionuclides. This report de-
scribes the field study conducted at the Savannah
River Plant (SRP), a laboratory operated by E.I. du
Pont de Nemours and Company for the US Depart-
ment of Energy. This purpose of the study at ARP was
to verify reported airborne releases and resulting radi-
ation doses from the facility. Measurements of radio-
nuclide releases for brief periods were compared with
measurements performed by SRP staff on split sam-
ples and with annual average releases reported by
SRP for the same facilities. The dispersion model used
by SRP staff to calculate radiation doses offsite was
tested by brief environmental radioactivity measure-
ments performed simultaneously with the release
measurements, and by examining radioactivity levels
in environmental samples. This report describes in
detail all measurements made and data collected
during the field study and presents the results ob-
tained. 34 references, 18 figures, 49 tables. (ERA cita-
tion 10:017011)
Keywords: 'Earth Atmosphere, "Savannah River
Plant, Americium 241, Americium 243, Argon 41,
Carbon 14, Cerium 141, Cerium 144, Cesium 134,
Cesium 137, Cobalt 58, Cobalt 60, Curium 242, Curium
244, Dose Rates, Experimental Data, Food, Iodine
129, Iodine 131, Krypton 85, Krypton 87, Krypton 88,
Milk, Niobium 95, Plants, Plutonium 238, Plutonium
239, Radioactive Aerosols, Radioactive Effluents, Ra-
dioecological Concentration, Radionuclide Migration,
Rain Water, Ruthenium, Ruthenium 106, Soils, Stronti-
um 89, Strontium 90, Tritium, Uranium Isotopes, Xenon
133, Xenon 135, Zirconium 95, ERDA/500300, ERDA/
510300.
DE85901714/HSU	PC A23/MF A01
Hazardous Waste Sites: Descriptions of Sites on
Current National Priorities List, October 1984.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Dec 84, 546p NP-5901714
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche
products.
This document consists of descriptions of the 538
sites on the National Priorities List (NPL). The "Condi-
tions at listing" section describes the site when it was
first proposed for the NPL. The "Status" section de-
scribes the site at about the time it was placed on the
NPL. The "Status" section describes the site at about
the time it was placed on the NPL. Subsequent nota-
tions are based on a new categorization system EPA
instituted in October 1984 to indicate progress at sites.
In the past, EPA categorized NPL sites based on the
type of response at each site (Fund-financed, enforce-
ment, and/or voluntary action). EPA is now expanding
the prior categorization system in two ways: First, Fed-
eral enforcement actions are separated from State en-
forcement actions. Second, the status of site cleanup
activities is designated by three new cleanup status
codes. The codes identify sites where significant re-
sponse activities are underway or completed. (ERA ci-
tation 10:045151)
Keywords: 'Hazardous Materials, 'Site Selection,
'Waste Disposal, Cleaning, Enforcement, Environ-
mental Policy, Federal Region I, Federal Region II,
Federal Region III, Federal Region IV, Federal Region
IX, Federal Region V, Federal Region VI, Federal
Region VII, Federal Region VIII, Federal Region X, Na-
tional Government, Remedial Action, State Govern-
ment, US EPA, USA, ERDA/510500.
DE86003507/HSU	PC A12/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Scientific Rationale for the Selection of Toxicity
Testing Methods. 2. Teratology, Immunotoxlco-
logy, and Inhalation Toxicology.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
M. G. Ryon, and D. S. Sawhney. Sep 85, 253p ORNL-
6094, EPA-560/6-84-004
Contract AC05-840R21400
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche
products.
This document is the second of a two-part literature
analysis of parameters associated with the various tox-
icity testing methods (test anial selection, pathology
etc.). Acute, subchronic, chronic, and carcinogenic
testing methods are covered in ORNL/EIS-151. Test-
ing methods for developmental toxicity, immunotoxico-
logy, and inhalation toxicology and research needs as-
sociated with these areas are covered in this volume
ORNL-6094. These reports were prepared for the pur-
pose of assisting and supporting the US Environmen-
tal Protection Agency in its efforts to develop guide-
lines for more efficient and economical testing proce-
dures. 416 refs., 29 figs., 27 tabs. (ERA citation
11:007872)
Keywords: 'Aerosol Generators, 'Experiment Plan-
ning, 'Exposure Chambers, 'Inhalation, 'Teratogen
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Screening, "Toxicity, Data Compilation, Design, Dic-
tionaries, Immune Reactions, Immunosuppression,
Recommendations, Species Diversity, Structure-Activ-
ity Relationships, ERDA/560400, 'Air pollution.
DE86003S75/HSU	PC A05/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Motor Fuel Consumption Model. Eleventh Periodi-
cal Report.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor, Ml.
Sep 85,97p DOE/NBB-0073
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche
products. Original copy available until stock is exhaust-
ed.
The purpose of this report is to acquaint the reader
with the most current output of the Motor Fuel Con-
sumption model and to discuss revisions in the model
structure, input data and assumptions which have oc-
curred in the past year. The report is briefly summa-
rized in Section 2. Section 3 presents the current pro-
jection of motor fuel consumption, and compares it to
the one used in the preceding report of this series.
Section 4 describes recent activities involving the use
of the model. A description of the basic model struc-
ture and methodology is presented in Appendix A.
Copies of the October 1984 output of the model are at-
tached in Appendix B and Appendix C. (ERA citation
11:007401)
Keywords: 'Automobiles, "Fuel Economy, Automotive
Fuels, Demand, 'Mathematical Models, ERDA/
320203.
DE88004684/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
National Body-Burden Database. Chemicals Iden-
tified In Feral and Food Animals, 1984. Volume 4,
Part 2.
Science Applications International Corp., Oak Ridge,
TN. Public Information and Presentations.
M. V. Cone, M. Ferguson, C. D. Powers, and A. S.
Hammons. Jan 86,623p EPA-560/5-84-004-V.4-Pt.2
Contract AC05-81OR20837
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche
products. Original copy available until stock is exhaust-
ed.
The database provides a centra I source of systemati-
cally collected and organized body-burden data that
facilitates the early identification of actual or potential
human exposure to environmental contaminants and
the assessment of the significance of such exposure.
Data included are obtained through routine manual
searches of selected scientific journals, augmented by
computer searches. The database, which includes the
separately published files, Chemicals Identified in
Human Biological Media and Chemicals Identified in
Feral and Food Animals, contains information on more
than 1600 chemicals. The database is used in expo-
sure, hazard and risk assessment; identifying potential
human and environmental health problems including
sources of contamination; planning research and com-
paring results; and in teaching at medical and public
health schools. The database is under the aegis of the
Interagency Collaborative Group on Environmental
Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), and is
maintained by the Health and Environmental Informa-
tion Section, Science Applications International Corpo-
ration under the direction of the Exposure Evaluation
Division, US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Funding is provided through interagency agreements
involving NCI, EPA, and the US Department of Energy.
(ERA citation 11:028342)
Keywords: Inorganic Compounds, Organic Com-
pounds, 'Tissues, Body Burden, Chemical Composi-
tion, Chemical Effluents, Compiled Data, Domestic
Animals, Pesticides, Pollutants, Quantity Ratio, Tissue
Distribution, Wild Animals, ERDA/510200, ERDA/
550200, ERDA/520200, 'Toxicology.
DE86004685/HSU	PC A24/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
National Body-Burden Database: Chemicals Iden-
tified In Feral and Food Animals, 1984. Volume 4,
Part i.
Science Applications International Corp., Oak Ridge,
TN. Public Information and Presentations.
M. V. Cone, M. Ferguson, C. D. Powers, and A. S.
Hammons. Jan 86.551 p EPA-560/5-84-004-V.4-Pt. 1
Contract AC05-81OR20837
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche
products. Original copy available until stock is exhaust-
ed.
The database provides a central source of systemati-
cally collected and organized body-burden data that
facilitates the early identification of actual or potential
human exposure to environmental contaminants and
the assessment of the significance of such exposure.
Data included are obtained through routine manual
searches of selected scientific journals, augmented by
computer searches. The database, which includes the
separately published files, Chemicals Identified in
Human Biological Media and Chemicals Identified in
Feral and Food Animals, contains information on more
than 1600 chemicals. The database is used in expo-
sure, hazard and risk assessment; identifying potential
human and environmental health problems including
sources of contamination; planning research and com-
paring results; and in teaching at medical and public
health schools. The database is under the aegis of the
Interagency Collaborative Group on Environmental
Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute (NCI), and is
maintained by the Health and Environmental Informa-
tion Section, Science Applications International Corpo-
ration under the direction of the Exposure Evaluation
Division, US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Funding is provided through interagency agreements
involving NCI, EPA, and the US Department of Energy.
(ERA citation 11:028339)
Keywords: Inorganic Compounds, Organic Com-
pounds, 'Tissues, Body Burden, Chemical Composi-
tion, Chemical Effluents, Compiled Data, Domestic
Animals, Pesticides, Pollutants, Quantity Ratio, Tissue
Distribution, Wild Animals, ERDA/510200, ERDA/
550200, ERDA/520200, 'Toxicology.
DE86004686/HSU	PC A22/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
National Body-Burden Database. Chemicals Iden-
tified in Human Biological Media, 1984. Volume 7,
Part 3.
Science Applications International Corp., Oak Ridge,
TN. Public Information and Presentations.
M. V. Cone, M. Ferguson, C. D. Powers, and A. S.
Hammons. Jan 86,517p EPA-560/5-84-003-V.7-Pt.3
Contract AC05-81OR20837
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche
products. Original copy available until stock is exhaust-
ed.
The database provides a central source of systemati-
cally collected and organized body-burden data that
facilitates the early identification of actual or potential
human exposure to environmental contaminants and
the assessment of the significance of such exposure.
Data included are obtained through routine manual
searches of selected scientific journals, augmented by
computer searches. The database, which includes the
separately published files, Chemicals Identified in
Human Biological Media and Chemicals Identified in
Feral and Food Animals, contains information on more
than 1600 chemicals. The database is used in expo-
sure, hazard and risk assessment; identifying potential
human and environmental health problems including
sources of contamination; planning research and com-
paring results; and in teaching at medical and public
health schools. The database is under the aegis of the
Interagency Collaborative Group on Environmental
Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute (NCI) and is
maintained by the Health and Environmental Informa-
tion Section, Science Applications International Corpo-
ration under the direction of the Exposure Evaluation
Division, US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Funding is provided through interagency agreements
involving NCI, EPA, and the US Department of Energy.
(ERA citation 11:028340)
Keywords: 'Drugs, 'Tissues, Body Burden, Chemical
Composition, Compiled Data, Inorganic Compounds,
Man, Organic Compounds, Quantity Ratio, Tissue Dis-
tribution, ERDA/510200, ERDA/550200, 'Toxicology.
DE86004687/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
National Body-Burden Database. Chemicals Iden-
tified In Human Biological Media, 1984. Volume 7,
Parti.
Science Applications International Corp., Oak Ridge,
TN. Public Information and Presentations.
M. V. Cone, M. Ferguson, C. D. Powers, and A. S.
Hammons. Jan 86,624p EPA-560/5-84-003-V.7-PU
Contract AC05-81OR20837
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche
products. Original copy available until stock is exhaust-
ed.
The database provides a central source of systemati-
cally collected and organized body-burden data that
facilitates the early identification of actual or potential
human exposure to environmental contaminants and
the assessment of the significance of such exposure.
Data included are obtained through routine manual
searches of selected scientific journals, augmented by
computer searches. The database, which includes the
separately published files, Chemicals Identified in
Human Biological Media and Chemicals Identified in
Feral and Food Animals, contains information on more
than 1600 chemicals. The database is used in expo-
sure, hazard and risk assessment; identifying potential
human and environmental health problems including
sources of contamination; planning research and com-
paring results; and in teaching at medical and public
health schools. The database is under the aegis of the
Interagency Collaborative Group on Environmental
Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute (NCI) and is
maintained by the Health and Environmental Informa-
tion Section, Science Applications International Corpo-
ration under the direction of the Exposure Evaluation
Division, US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Funding is provided through interagency agreements
involving NCI, EPA, and the US Department of Energy.
(ERA citation 11:028338)
Keywords: Inorganic Compounds, Organic Com-
pounds, 'Tissues, Body Burden, Chemical Composi-
tion, Chemical Effluents, Compiled Data, Drugs, Man,
Pesticides, Pollutants, Quantity Ratio, Tissue Distribu-
tion, ERDA/510200, ERDA/550200, 'Toxicology.
DE88004688/HSU	PC A18/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
National Body-Burden Database. Chemicals Iden-
tified in Human Biological Media, 1984. Volume 7,
Part 2.
Science Applications International Corp., Oak Ridge,
TN. Public Information and Presentations.
M. V. Cone, M. Ferguson, C. D. Powers, and A. S.
Hammons. Jan 86,420p EPA-560/5-84-003-V.7-Pt.2
Contract AC05-81OR20837
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche
products. Original copy available until stock is exhaust-
ed.
The database provides a central source of systemati-
cally collected and organized body-burden data that
facilitates the early identification of actual or potential
human exposure to environmental contaminants and
the assessment of the significance of such exposure.
Data included are obtained through routine manual
searches of selected scientific journals, augmented by
computer searches. The database, which includes the
separately published files, Chemicals Identified in
Human Biological Media and Chemicals Identified in
Feral and Food Animals, contains information on more
than 1600 chemicals. The database is used in expo-
sure, hazard and risk assessment; identifying potential
human and environmental health problems including
sources of contamination; planning research and com-
paring results; and in teaching at medical and public
health schools. The database is under the aegis of the
Interagency Collaborative Group on Environmental
Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute (NCI) and is
maintained by the Health and Environmental Informa-
tion Section, Science Applications International Corpo-
ration under the direction of the Exposure Evaluation
Division, US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
Funding is provided through interagency agreements
involving NCI, EPA, and the US Department of Energy.
(ERA Citation 11:028341)
Keywords: Inorganic Compounds, Organic Com-
pounds, 'Tissues, Body Burden, Chemical Composi-
tion, Chemical Effluents, Compiled Data, Man, Pesti-
cides, Pollutants, Quantity Ratio, Tissue Distribution,
ERDA/510200, ERDA/550200, Toxicology.
DE88006957/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Characteristics and Migration Patterns of Mule
Deer on the Nevada Teat Site.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
K. R. Giles, and J. Cooper. Apr 85,23p DOE/DP/
00539-054, EPA-600/4-85-030
Contract AI08-76DP00539
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche
products. Original copy available until stock is exhaust-
ed.
When NTS deer migrate, the majority of the animals
stay within the confines of the NTS or the Nellis Bomb-
ing Range, and present little potential for radiation
transport off the NTS. Also, the few deer that leave the
NTS area do so during the winter when they cannot le-
gally be hunted in Nevada. The one exception from the
apparent migration pattern was a buck that was fol-
lowed by telemetry until the end of April, when the
animal could no longer be located, and was harvested
the following fall in the Kawich Peak area about 120.9
km (75 ml.) northwest of the study area. The makeup
of the deer herds on the NTS is quite different from
that of deer in offsite areas. The large buck population
indicates that an aged pristine herd exists on the NTS.
In general, it should be noted that the deer populations
are tied to the available water sources, although a vast
area of excellent deer range is present but unavailable
to the deer because of the lack of available water
sources. This range condition has been maintained be-
cause of the periodic changes of available water due
to construction activity, therefore resulting in a brows-
ing rest rotation system. 11 refs., 5 figs. (ERA citation
11:020951)
Keywords: "Nevada Test Site, Age Groups, Deer, Mi-
§ ration, Population Dynamics, Sex Ratio, ERDA/
10500.
DE86007282/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program. Final
Report of the Environmental Protection Agency.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
D. R. Berg. 15 May 85, 25p DOE/CS/30085-T1
Contract AI01-79CS30085
The Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA)
projects under the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Pro-
gram (FPUP) are described and their status and fund-
ing are summarized. Thirteen projects are listed, for a
total funding of $1,224,044. (ERA citation 11:019515)
Keywords: "Photovoltaic Power Supplies, US EPA, Air
Pollution Monitors, Budgets, Demonstration Programs,
Noisb. Program Management, Radiation Monitoring,
ERDA/140600.
DE86007308/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Characterization of Leaded Fuel Needs and Use
Task 2 Topical Report.
Environmental Protection Agency, Ann Arbor. Ml
Feb 85,25p DOE/PE/70549-T1
Contract AI01-84PE70549
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche
products.
This topical report is structured around the Statement-
of-Work for the DOE/EPA IAG. This includes a discus-
sion of the users of leaded fuel, valve recession and
octane, alternatives to leaded fuel and geographical
distribution of leaded fuel sales. (ERA citation
11:021994)
Keywords: "Gasoline, "Unleaded Gasoline, Additives,
Agriculture, Commercial Sector, Corrosion, Farms,
Fuel Consumption, Fuel Supplies, Lead, Market, Phos-
phorus, Sales, Service Sector, Statistical Data, Trans-
portation Sector, Uses, Valves, ERDA/020700,
ERDA/294002, ERDA/292000.
DE88008885/HSU	PC A02
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN,
Exploration of the Relationships among Acidic
Deposition, Land Use, and Water Chemistry.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
J L. Malanchuk, G. J. Mallon, and R. J. Olson. 1985,
23p CONF-8511179-1
Contract AC05-840R21400
North American Lake Management Society meeting,
Lake Geneva, Wl, USA, 13 Nov 1985.
Paper copy only, copy does not permit microfiche pro-
duction.
Many watershed characteristics, either by themselves
or in combination with acidic deposition, have been
shown to influence the acidification of lakes. Correla-
tions and linear regressions were calculated for pairs
of watershed characteristics and water chemistry
measurements to statistically test, using observational
data, these relationships. The study included a subset
of 46 headwater lakes in the Adirondack Mountain
region of New York State that were common to both
the National Surface Water Survey (providing water
chemistry data) and the Adirondack Watershed Data
Base (providing watershed attribute data). Wet deposi-
tion and lake elevation showed strong, negative rela-
tionships with both lake pH and alkalinity, although ele-
vation may act as a surrogate variable for other fac-
tors, such as soil type, vegetation type,and deposition
level. Conifer vegetation, historical fire activity, and
wetlands, expressed as the percentage of watershed
area, also showed significant, negative relationships
with lake pH and alkalinity. Thus, several hypotheses
concerning the association of watershed attributes
with lake acidification are supported and should be
given further consideration in research planning, field
surveys, and assessment activities. (ERA citation
11:030578)
Keywords: "Acid Rain, New York, Acid Neutralizing
Capacity, Adirondack Mountains, Deposition, Land
Use, NAPAP, PH Value, Response Modifying Factors,
"Water Chemistry, Watersheds, ERDA/510200,
ERDA/500200.
DE86011508/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Monitoring and Systems Lab.
Screening Polynuclear Aromatic Pollutants in Am-
bient and Indoor Air by Synchronous Lumines-
cence.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
T. Vo-Dinh, G. H. Miller, and N. K. Wilson. 1986,9p
CONF-860606-7
Contract AC05-84OR21400
Air Pollution Control Association annual meeting and
exhibition, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 22 Jun 1986.
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche
products.
This paper discusses the results of a field study de-
signed to evaluate a screening procedure based on
synchronous luminescence, for ranking air samples
according to their total PNA content. The SL technique
can be used not only for chemical detection, but also
for monitoring biological markers, such as carcinogen-
DNA adducts in human biological fluids due to expo-
sure to PNA pollutants. (ERA citation 11:038791)
Keywords: "Indoor Air Pollution, "Polycyclic Aromatic
Hydrocarbons, Ecological Concentration, Health Haz-
ards, Optical Properties, ERDA/500200, Air sampling.
DE86014090/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Off-Site Monitoring for the Mighty Oak Nuclear
Test.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas
NV.
S. C. Black, A. E. Smith, and C. F. Costa. Jul 86,19p
DOE/DP/00539-057, EPA-600/4-86-030
Contract AI08-76DP00539
After a nuclear explosives test, code name Mighty
Oak, the tunnel leading to the test point became con-
taminated with radioactive debris. To re-enter and re-
cover valuable equipment and data, the DOE purged
the tunnel air using particulate and charcoal filters to
minimize discharge of radioactivity to the atmosphere.
During this purging, the EPA established special air
samples supplementing their routine air monitoring
networks. Analysis of the collected samples for radio-
active noble gases and for gamma-emitting radionu-
clides indicated that only low levels of xenon-133 were
released in amounts detectable in populated areas
near the Nevada Test Site. The maximum dose to an
individual was calculated to be 0.36 microrem, assum-
ing that person remained in the open field at the meas-
urement site during the whole period of the purging.
Keywords: "Gaseous Wastes, 'Underground Explo-
sions, Nevada Test Site, Nuclear Explosions, Radi-
ation Doses, Radiation Monitoring, Radioactive Ef-
fluents, Tunnels, Xenon 133, ERDA/500300, ERDA/
450202.
DE86014406/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Off-Site Environmental Monitoring Report. Radi-
ation Monitoring around United States Nuclear
Test Areas, Calendar Year 1985.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
R. F. Grossman, S. C. Black, R. E. Dye, D. D. Smith,
and D. J. Thome. Apr 86,154p DOE/DP/00539-056,
EPA-600/4-86/022
Contract AI08-76DP00539
The EMSL-LV operates an Off-Site Radiological
Safety Program around the NTS and other sites as re-
quested by the Department of Energy (DOE) under an
Interagency Agreement between DOE and EPA. This
report, prepared in accordance with DOE guidelines
(DOE85a), covers the program activities for calendar
year 1985. It contains descriptions of pertinent fea-
tures of the NTS and its environs, summaries of the
EMSL-LV dosimetry and sampling methods, analytical
procedures, quality assurance, and the analytical re-
sults from environmental measurements. Where appli-
cable, dosimetry and sampling data are compared to
appropriate guides for external and internal exposures
of humans to ionizing radiation. (ERA citation
11:048684)
Keywords: California, Nevada, Utah, Compiled Data,
Ground Water, Milk, Nevada Test Site, 'Radiation
Monitoring, Radiation Protection, Surface Air, Surface
Waters, ERDA/500300, ERDA/510302, ERDA/
520302.
DE87001972/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Environmental Sciences Research Lab.
Flow Visualization Experiments on Stabty Strati-
fied Flow over Ridges and Valleys.
Los Alamos National Lab., NM.
J. T. Lee, R. E. Lawson, and G. L. Marsh. 1986,23p
LA-UR-86-3596, CONF-8609204-1
Contract W-7405-ENG-36
International workshop on wind and water tunnel mod-
eling of atmospheric flow and dispersion, Lausanne,
Switzerland, 15 Sep 1986.
In laboratory experiments it is not possible to simulate
all of the phenomena which affect the flow within a
valley. It is especially difficult to simulate Coriolis ef-
fects which may be important for large valleys and
thermal effects associated with diurnal heating and
cooling. However, many aspects of this problem can
be studied using nonrotating, isothermal flow over geo-
metrically simple models. This paper summarizes a
series of such experiments on the flow over a cosine-
shaped ridge and within a valley formed by a pair of
such ridges when there is a stable ambient flow normal
to the axis of the ridge. Three experimental parameters
were varied during the study: the steepness of the
ridges, the separation distance between the ridges and
the Froude number. (ERA citation 12:009887)
Keywords: 'Atmospheric Circulation, Mathematical
Models, Meteorology, Mountains, Valleys, ERDA/
500100.
DE87004964/HSU	PC A02
Illinois Univ., Urbana.
Evaluation of Eight Short-Term Long-Range
Transport Models with Field Data.
Argonne National Lab., IL.
A. J. Policastro, M. Wastag, L. Coke, R. A. Carhart, and
W. E. Dunn. 1986,5p CONF-861165-7
Contract W-31109-ENG-38
Joint conference on applications of air pollution mete-
orology, Chapel Hill, NC. USA, 18 Nov 1986.
Paper copy only, copy does not permit microfiche pro-
duction.
The EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
is currently evaluating the performance of models in
several categories. As part of that program, eight
short-term long-range transport models have been
tested with two data bases representing tracer re-
leases. These releases involve transport and disper-
sion over essentially flat terrain. The Oklahoma data
base (Ferber et al., 1981) includes two releases of a
perfluorocarbon tracer from Norman, Oklahoma. The
Savannah River Plant data base includes 15 expert,
ments (data sets) from a continuous elevated release
of krypton-85. The evaluation procedure used was
based primarily on the American Meteorological Socie-
ty (AMS) statistics (Fox, 1981). These results were
supplemented by several graphical comparisons
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
which were used to interpret the causes of model/data
discrepancies.
Keywords: "Long-Range Transport, Air Pollution, Dif-
fusion, Mathematical Models, Meteorology, ERDA/
500100, 'Atmospheric dispersion, Atmospheric diffu-
sion.
DE87007732/HSU	PC A02/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Air Velocities inside Domestic Environments: An
Important Parameter for Passive Monitoring.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
T. G. Matthews, C. V. Thompson, D. L. Wilson, A. R.
Hawthorne, and D. T. Mage. 1987, 7p CONF-870853-
3-Ext.-Abst.
Contract AC05-840R21400
INDOOR AIR '87: 4th international conference on
indoor air quality and climate, Berlin, F.R. Germany, 17
Aug 1987.
Air velocities have been measured in the master bed-
room, kitchen, and basement of six occupied homes
plus the dining/living room area of one unoccupied
house. Median air velocities of 5.3 and 12.4 cm/s in
the occupied and unoccupied houses raise concern
that inadequate air movement may sometimes exist for
accurate passive monitoring of pollutant vapors. Cen-
tral-air circulation systems had a variable impact on air
velocity. Median velocities increased from 5.8 to 6.2,
3.2 to 5.7,1.5 to 8.1, and 4.4 to 15.5 in three occupied
and one unoccupied houses, respectively. Median ve-
locities of 4.2, 4.3, and 10.2 cm/s in the master bed-
room, basement, and kitchen, respectively, are con-
sistent with increased occupant activities and use of
celling and/or exhaust fans in or near the kitchen.
(ERA citation 12:039571)
Keywords: 'Indoor Air Pollution, Air Infiltration,
Houses, Monitoring, Velocity, Ventilation, ERDA/
500200, Residential buildings.
DE87013873/HSU	PC A03
Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH.
Relationship of Drinking Water Chlorlnatlon and
Serum Lipids in Human Populations.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
E. A. Zeighami, A. P. Watson, and G. C. Craun. 1987,
20p CONF-870524-1
Contract AC05-840R21400
Conference on water chlorination: environmental
impact and health effects, Oak Ridge, TN, USA, 3 May
1987.
Paper copy only, copy does not permit microfiche pro-
duction.
This research tests hypotheses concerning the rela-
tionship between drinking water characteristics and
the cardiovascular disease risk factors blood pressure
and serum lipids, as well as thyroid function. The study
used a cross-sectional survey design to examine the
characteristics of the cardiovascular disease risk fac-
tors in residents of forty-six small communities in cen-
tral Wisconsin. Twenty of the communities chlorinated
the water supply, and twenty-six did not. Within each of
the chlorination groups, approximately half the com-
munities had hard water and the other half had soft
drinking water. This report examines the relationship of
chlorination to serum lipid levels In the forty-six com-
munities. Serum cholesterol levels were significantly
higher in chlorinated communities for females. Levels
of serum cholesterol were also higher in chlorinated
communities for males, but the difference was not as
great, nor was it statistically significant. LDL levels
were higher in chlorinated communities, but did not
reach statistical significance for either sex. Levels of
high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were related to
calcium level of the drinking water within the hardness
categories, but only in the chlorinated communities.
Thus chlorine and calcium level in the drinking water
may interact in some way which affects levels of HDL
cholesterol. 24 refs., 1 fig., 2 tabs. (ERA citation
13:012615)
Keywords: 'Blood Pressure, 'Cardiovascular Dis-
eases, 'Drinking Water, 'Monocarboxylic Acids, 'Thy-
roid, Calcium Compounds, Chlorination, Response
Modifying Factors, Risk Assessment, Water Chemis-
try. Wisconsin, ERDA/550600, ERDA/550900,
ERDA/570000.
DE879O0334/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Report on the Remedial Action to Isolate DDT
from People and the Environment in the Hunts-
vllle Spring Branch, Indian Creek System, Wheeler
Reservoir, Alabama: Review Panel Activities,
(United States V. Olin Corporation Consent
Decree), May 31,1983-June 30,1986.
Environmental Protection Agency, Atlanta, GA. Region
IV.
Jul 86,146p TVA/PUB-87/7
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche
products.
The Consent Decree requires the Olin Corporation to
develop and implement a remedial plan that will meet
a performance standard of 5 parts per million (ppM) of
DDT in fillets of channel catfish, largemouth bass, and
smaltmouth buffalo in specified reaches of the HSB-IC
System. This performance standard is to be achieved
by a remedy that is consistent with the goals and ob-
jectives of the Consent Decree. A Review Panel, con-
sisting of members from the United States Environ-
mental Protection Agency (EPA), Tennessee Valley
Authority (TVA), United States Fish and Wildlife Serv-
ice (FWS), the Department of the Army (DA), the State
of Alabama (ADEM), and nonvoting participants from
the town of Triana, Alabama (Triana), and the Olin Cor-
poration (Olin), was established by the Consent
Decree. Review Panel responsibilities include techni-
cal overview and approval of Olin's proposals to
achieve the requirements of the Consent Decree. This
report summarizes the activities of the Review Panel
associated with implementation of Consent Decree re-
quirements from May 31,1983 through June 30,1986.
(ERA citation 12:009934)
Keywords: 'Land Pollution Abatement, Alabama,
Chemical Industry, Chlorinated Aromatic Hydrocar-
bons, Lawsuits, Program Management, Waste Water,
ERDA/510200, ERDA/530000, 'Remedial action,
*DDT, Concentration(Composition).
DE88000130/HSU	PC A09/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC,
Off-Site Environmental Monitoring Report: Radi-
ation Monitoring around United States Nuclear
Test Areas, Calendar Year 1986.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
R. G. Patzer, C. A. Fontana, R. F. Grossman, S. C.
Black, and R. E. Dye. May 87,183p DOE/DP-00539/
058, EPA-600/4-87-017
Contract AI08-76DP00539
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche
products. Original copy available until stock is exhaust-
ed.
The principal activity at the NTS is testing of nuclear
devices, though other related projects are also con-
ducted. The principal activities of the Off-Site Radio-
logical Safety Program are routine environmental mon-
itoring for radioactive materials in various media and
for radiation in areas which may be affected by nuclear
tests; and protective actions in support of the nuclear
testing program. These are conducted to document
compliance with standards, to identify trends, and to
provide information to the public. 28 refs., 37 figs., 30
tabs. (ERA citation 13:000392)
Keywords: 'Environment, 'Nevada Test Site, Barium
140, Beryllium 7, Blood, Cerium 141, Cesium 134,
Cesium 136, Cesium 137, Chernobylsk-4 Reactor,
Cows, Deer, Dose Equivalents, Environmental Expo-
sure Pathway, Experimental Data, Ground Water,
Iodine 131, Kidneys, Krypton 85, Lanthanum 140,
Liver, Lungs, Meat, Milk, Muscles, Niobium 95, Plutoni-
um 239, Potassium 40, Radiation Dose Distributions,
'Radiation Monitoring, Radioactivity, Radioecological
Concentration, Radiometric Surveys, Ruthenium 103,
Ruthenium 106, Sampling, Sheep, Strontium 90, Sur-
face Air, Surface Waters, Tellurium, Thermolumines-
cent Oosemeters, Thyroid, Tritium, US EPA, USA, Un-
derground Explosions, Whole-Body Counters, Xenon
133, ERDA/053000, ERDA/450202, ERDA/510300,
ERDA/290600, ERDA/290300.
DE88000823/HSU	PC A16
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
.National Body-Burden Database: Chemicals iden-
tified In Animals, 198S-1M6: Volume 6, Part 1.
Science Applications International Corp., Oak Ridge,
TN. Technical Information Analysis Div.
M. V. Cone, M. Wilson, C. D. Powers, M. E. Roesel, and
A. S. Hammons. Dec 87, 362p EPA-560/5-87-004-V.5-
Pt.1
Contract AC05-86OR21644
Paper copy only, copy does not permit microfiche pro-
duction.
The database provides a central source of systemati-
cally collected and organized body-burden data that
facilitates the early identification of actual or potential
human exposures to environmental contaminants and
the assessment of the significance of such exposure.
Data are obtained primarily through routine, manual
searches of selected, scientific journals. Information
on chemical nomenclature and properties is from
online sources and standard handbooks. This publica-
tion contains introductory materials, chemical and jour-
nal lists, indices and, in tabular form, the records
added to the database since the 1984 publication.
(ERA citation 13:016400)
Keywords: 'Animals, 'Body Burden, Hydrocarbons,
Metals, Organic Compounds, Pesticides, Pollutants,
Quantity Ratio, Radioisotopes, Tissues.
DE88000824/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
National Body-Burden Database: Chemicals Iden-
tified In Animals, 1985-1986: Volume 5, Part 2.
Science Applications International Corp., Oak Ridge.
TN. Technical Information Analysis Div.
M. V. Cone, M. Wilson, C. D. Powers, M. E. Roesel, and
A. S. Hammons. Dec 87, 734p EPA-560/5-87-004-V.5-
Pt.2
Contract AC05-86OR21644
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche
products. Original copy available until stock is exhaust-
ed.
The database provides a central source of systemati-
cally collected and organized body-burden data that
facilitates the early identification of actual or potential
human exposures to environmental contaminants and
the assessment of the significance of such exposure.
Data are obtained primarily through routine, manual
searches of selected, scientific journals. Information
on chemical nomenclature and properties is from
online sources and standard handbooks. This publica-
tion contains records added to the database since the
1984 publication. (ERA citation 13:016401)
Keywords: 'Animals, 'Body Burden, Compiled Data,
Hydrocarbons, Metals, Organic Compounds, Pesti-
cides, Pollutants, Quantity Ratio, Radioisotopes, Tis-
sues.
DE88000825/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
National Body-Burden Database: Chemicals Iden-
tified In Animals, 1985-1986: Volume 5, Part 3.
Science Applications International Corp., Oak Ridge,
TN. Technical Information Analysis Div.
M. V. Cone, M. Wilson, C. D. Powers, M. E. Roesel, and
A. S. Hammons. Dec 87,738p EPA-560/5-87-004-V.5-
Pt.3
Contract AC05-86OR21644
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche
products. Original copy available until stock is exhaust-
ed.
The database provides a central source of systemati-
cally collected and organized body-burden data that
facilitates the early identification of actual or potential
human exposures to environmental contaminants and
the assessment of the significance of such exposure.
Data are obtained primarily through routine, manual
searches of selected, scientific journals. Information
on chemical nomenclature and properties is from
online sources and standard handbooks. The publica-
tion contains records added to the database since the
1984 publication. (ERA citation 13:016404)
Keywords: 'Animals, 'Body Burden, Compiled Data,
Hydrocarbons, Metals, Organic Compounds, Pesti-
cides, Pollutants, Progress Report, Quantity Ratio, Ra-
dioisotopes, Tissues.
DE88000826/HSU	PC A99/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
National Body-Burden Database: Chemicals Iden-
tified In Animals, 1985-1986: Volume 5, Part 4.
Science Applications International Corp., Oak Ridge,
TN. Technical Information Analysis Div.
M. V. Cone, M. Wilson, C. D. Powers, M. E. Roesel, and
A. S. Hammons. Dec 87,778p EPA-560/5-87-004-V.5-
Pt.4
Contract AC05-86OR21644
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche
products. Original copy available until stock is exhaust-
ed.
The database provides a central source of systemati-
cally collected and organized body-burden data that
facilitates the early identification of actual or potential
human exposures to environmental contaminants and
the assessment of the significance of such exposure.
Data are obtained primarily through routine, manual
searches of selected, scientific journals. Information
on chemical nomenclature and properties is from
online sources and standard handbooks. This publica-
tion contains records added to the database since the
1984 publication. (ERA citation 13:016403)
Keywords: 'Animals, 'Body Burden, Hydrocarbons,
Metals, Organic Compounds, Pesticides, Pollutants,
Quantity Ratio, Radioisotopes, Tissues.
DE88000827/HSU	PC A99
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
National Body-Burden Database: Chemicals Iden-
tified In Humans, 1985-1986: Volume 8.
Science Applications international Corp., Oak Ridge,
TN. Technical Information Analysis Div.
M. V. Cone, M. Wilson, C. D. Powers, M. E. Roesel, and
A. S. Hammons. Dec 87,663p EPA-560/5-87-003-V.8
Contract AC05-860R21644
Paper copy only, copy does not permit microfiche pro-
duction.
The database provides a central source of systemati-
cally collected and organized body-burden data that
facilitates the early identification of actual or potential
human exposures to environmental contaminants and
the assessment of the significance of such exposure.
Data are obtained primarily through routine, manual
searches of selected, scientific journals. Information
on chemical nomenclature and properties is from
online sources and standard handbooks. This publica-
tion contains introductory materials, chemical and jour-
5 "ldices in tabular form, the records
added to the database since the 1984 publication
(ERA citation 13:016402)
Keywords: 'Man, Body Burden, Compiled Data, Hydro-
carbons, Metals, Organic Compounds, Pesticides Pol-
lutants, Quantity Ratio, Tissues.
DE88002210/HSU	PC A07/MF A01.
Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR. Envi-
ronmental Research Lab.
Field Operations and Quality Assurance/Quality
Control for Direct/Delayed Response Project Soil
Mapping Activities In the Northeast Region.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
D. A. Lammers, D. L. Cassell, J. J. Lee, D. L. Stevens,
and R. S. Turner. Apr 87,137pORNL/M-432
Contract AC05-840R21400
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche
products.
The Direct/Delayed Response Project is a three-level
program designed to address the concern over poten-
tial acidification of surface waters by atmospheric dep-
osition within the United States. The mapping phase of
the northwest region soil survey was conducted during
the spring of 1985 as an inventory to characterize the
spatial distribution of soils, vegetation, depth-to-bed-
rock, and lithology of watersheds located in a region of
the United States believed to be susceptible to the ef-
fects of acid deposition. This document describes the
planning activities and summarizes the field operations
and quality assurance/quality control activities associ-
ated with the mapping of the northwest region. (ERA
citation 13:006575)
Keywords: 'Federal Region I, 'Soils, Acidification,
Mapping, NAPAP, Quality Control, ERDA/580100,
ERDA/520200.
DE88004329/HSU
Argonne National Lab., IL.
PC A05/MF A01
Proceedings of the NAPAP (National Acid Precipi-
tation Assessment Program) Workshop on Dry
Deposition.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Oak Ridge, TN. Air Resources Labs.
B. B. Hicks, M. L. Wesely, S. E. Lindberg, and S. M.
Bromberg. 1986,87pCONF-8603180-
Contract AC05-84OR21400
Workshop on dry deposition. Harpers Ferry, WV, USA,
25 Mar 1986.
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche
products.
Knowledge of dry deposition is limited by the inability
to make the necessary measurements in other than
special circumstances. The need to generate confi-
dence in the available measurement techniques was
emphasized. There is need for more frequent colloca-
tion of experiments and for more collaboration of re-
searchers. Discussions among the specialist groups
focused attention on the greatly dissimilar experimen-
tal constraints associated with different techniques. A
summary of relevant considerations is given. Extreme
difficulties arise when trying to conduct a side-by-side
comparison of all of the available methods. In all cases
there is need to improve measurement methods. This
developmental effort is presently underway, but aug-
mentation is required. The present focus on questions
regarding so-called acidic deposition is too confining
to permit a broad-based attack on the overall problem
of air pollution in the context of energy and agricultural
options. A program developed in response to ques-
tions concerning acidic deposition should not be ex-
pected to address questions arising in other contexts.
The acid deposition concern is real and immediate,
and if carefully arranged the research program gener-
ated to provide the most urgently desired answers
could also constitute an entry into a longer-term inves-
tigation of broader issues. 34 refs., 3 tabs. (ERA cita-
tion 13:019109)
Keywords: 'Acid Rain, 'Deposition, Atmospheric
Chemistry, Experimental Data, Information Needs,
Mathematical Models, Meetings, Monitoring, NAPAP,
Scaling, Site Selection, Surface Air, ERDA/500200.
DE88004331/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC.
Air Velocities Inside Domestic Environments: An
Important Parameter in the Study of Indoor Air
Quality and Climate.
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
T. G. Matthews, C. V. Thompson, D. L. Wilson, A. R.
Hawthorne, and D. T. Mage. 1987,20p CONF-870853-
3-FP
Contract AC05-84OR21400
INDOOR AIR '87: 4th international conference on
indoor air quality and climate, Berlin, F.R. Germany, 17
Aug 1987.
Portions of this document are illegible In microfiche
products.
Air velocities have been measured in the master bed-
room, kitchen, and basement of six occupied homes
plus the dining/living room area of one unoccupied
house. All of the houses have central, forced-air heat-
ing and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Median air
velocities of 5.3 and 12.4 cm/s were measured In all
six occupied houses and the unoccupied house, re-
spectively. Median velocities of 4.2,4.3, and 10.2 cm/s
were found in the master bedroom, basement, and
kitchen of the six occupied homes, respectively. The
elevated air velocities in the kitchen are consistent
with increased occupant activities and use of ceiling
and/or exhaust fans. The lowest median velocity of 1.1
cm/s was found in the master bedroom (with the
forced air circulation off) where occupant entry and ac-
tivities were purposely limited. Switching on the forced-
air HVAC systems increased the median velocities
from 5.8 to 6.2, 3.2 to 5.7, 1.5 to 8.1, and 4.4 to 15.5
cm/s in three occupied houses one unoccupied
house, respectively, where the experimental data al-
lowed such comparison. Low air velocities may some-
times be inadequate for quantitative passive monitor-
ing of pollutant vapors. Ten and 50% reductions In
sampling rate are noted from the literature for passive
monitors at air velocities of <0.7-25 cm/s and <0.7-2
cm/sec, respectively. 14 refs., 6 figs. (ERA citation
13:018425)
Keywords: Flow Rate, 'Residential Buildings, 'Air
Flow, Anemometers, Comparative Evaluations, Indoor
Air Pollution, Testing, Ventilation, ERDA/320107,
ERDA/500200, Air quality.
DE88011609/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Health Effects Research Lab.
Radlofrequency Radiation-Induced Calcium-lon-
Efflux Enhancement from Human and Other Neu-
roblastoma Cells In Culture: (Final Technical
Report).
Howard Univ., Washington, DC.
S. K. Dutta, B. Ghosh, and C. F. Blackman. 1988,14p
DOE/RL/11374-T1
Contract AI06-87RL11374
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche
products.
In order to test the generality of radiofrequency-radi-
ation-induced change in alternation of sup 45 Ca/sup
2/plus// efflux from avian and feline brain tissues,
human neuroblastoma cells were exposed to electro-
magnetic radiation at 147 MHz, amplitude modulated
(AM) at 16 Hz, at specific absorption rates (SAR) of
0.1, 0.05, 0.01, 0.005, 0.001, and 0.0005 Wkg. Signifi-
cant sup 45 Ca/sup 2/plus// efflux was obtained at
SAR values of 0.05 and 0.005 Wkg. Enchanced efflux
at 0.05 Wkg peaked at the 13-to-16 Hz and at the 57.5-
to-60 Hz modulation ranges. A Chinese hamster-
mouse hybrid neuroblastoma was also shown to exhib-
it enchanced radiation-induced sup 45 Ca/sup 2/
plus// efflux at an SAR of 0.05 Wkg, using 147 MHz,
AM at 16 hz. These results confirm that amplitude-
modulated radiofrequency radiation can induce re-
sponse in cells of nervous tissue origin from widely dif-
ferent animal species including humans. The results
are also consistent with reports of similar findings in
avian and feline brain tissue reported by others and in-
dicate the general nature of the phenomenon.
Keywords: 'Cell Cultures, 'Nerve Cells, 'Radiowave
Radiation, 'Biological Radiation Effects. Calcium 45,
Dose Rates, Progress Report, Tracer Techniques
ERDA/560120, ERDA/550501, ERDA/560400, 'Neu-
roblastoma, 'Electromagnetic radiation, 'Calcium, Bi-
ological transport.
DE88017291/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Off-Site Environmental Monitoring Report Radi-
ation Monitoring around United States Nuclear
Test Areas, Calendar Year 1987.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Veaas
NV.	'
Jun 88,137p DOE/DP/00539-060, EPA-600/4-88/
021
Contract AI08-86NV10522
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche
products.
This report covers the routine radiation monitoring ac-
tivities conducted by the Environmental Monitoring
Systems Laboratory-Las Vegas in areas which may be
affected by nuclear testing programs of the Depart-
ment of Energy. This monitoring is conducted to docu-
ment compliance with standards, to identify trends in
environmental radiation, and to provide such informa-
tion to the public. It summarizes these activities for cal-
endar year 1987. No radioactivity attributable to NTS
activities was detectable offsite by the monitoring net-
works. Using recorded wind data and Pasquill stability
categories, atmospheric dispersion calculations based
on reported radionuclides releases yield an estimated
dose of 5.9 /times/10 sup -4 person-rem to the popu-
lation within 80 km of the Nevada Test Site durina
1987. World-wide fallout of Kr-85, Sr-90, Cs-137 and
Pu-239 detected by the monitoring networks would
cause maximum exposure to an individual of less than
0.16 mrem per year. Plutonium in air was still detecta-
ble along with Krypton-85, which continued its gradual
Increase, as has been reported previously. Cesium and
strontium in air were near their detection limits. An oc-
casional net exposure to offsite residents has been de-
tected by the TLD network. On investigation, the cause
of such net exposures has been due to personal habits
or occupational activities, not to NTS activities 28
refs., 36 figs., 28 tabs. (ERA citation 13:053317)
Keywords: 'Blood, 'Environment, 'Meat, 'Milk
Cesium 137, 'Environmental Exposure Pathway'
Ground Water, Iodine 131, Kidneys, Krypton 85
Lungs, Muscles, 'Nevada Test Site, Plutonium 239'
Potassium 40, 'Radiation Monitoring, 'Radioecoloai-
cal Concentration, Sampling, Strontium 90, Surface
Air, Surface Waters, Tritium, US EPA, ERDA/053000
ERDA/450202, ERDA/510300, ERDA/290300
ERDA/520300.	'
-------
EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
DE8S900606/HSU	PC AOS
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Park, NC. Translation Services Section.
Effect of Sulfur Dioxide on Enzyme Activity In
Tree Leaves.
Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Sverdlovsk. Inst. Biologii.
V. S. Nikolaevskii. 1966,12p APTIC-TR-0498
Translation.
U.S. Sales Only. Paper copy only, copy does not
permit microfiche production.
Our investigations permitted a determination of the de-
pendence of gas resistance of woody plants on the in-
tensity and direction of the physiological and biochemi-
cal processes in their leaves. The study of various
forms of resistance has led the investigators to the
conclusion that, on one hand, the latter is determined
by a group of characteristic anatomo-physiological and
biochemical features of the plants interacting with spe-
cific environmental factors, and, on the other hand, by
the degree of resistance and lability of metabolism
under unfavorable environmental conditions. 17 refs.,
1 tab.
Keywords: "Leaves, "Sulfur Dioxide, Biological Ef-
fects, Enzyme Activity, Photosynthesis, Plants, "For-
eign technology, ERDA/500200, Translations, "Air
pollution effects(Plants), Translations.
DE89006053/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Effects of Chronic Radiation on Reproductive
Success of the Polychaete Worm Neanthes Aren-
aceodentata.
Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA.
F. L. Harrison, and S. L. Anderson. Dec 88,57p UCRL-
15988, EPA/520/1 -88-004
Contract W-7405-ENG-48
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche
products.
The effects of lifetime exposure to chronic irradiation
on reproductive success were assessed for laboratory
populations of the polychaete worm Neanthes arena-
ceodentata. Lifetime exposure was initiated upon the
spawning of the P sub 1 female and was terminated
upon spawning of the F sub 1 female. Groups of exper-
imental worms received either no radiation (controls)
or 0.19, 2.1, or 17 mGy/h. The total dose received by
the worms was either background or approximately
0.55, 6.5, or 54 Gy, respectively. The broods from the
F sub 1 mated pairs were sacrificed before hatching
occurred, and information was obtained on brood size,
on the number of normal and abnormal embryos, and
on the number of embryos that were living, dying, and
dead. The mean number of embryos in the broods
from the F sub 1 females exposed to lifetime radiation
of 0.19 and 2.1 mGy/h was not significantly different
from the mean number of embryos from control fe-
males; however, the mean number of embryos was dif-
ferent from those F sub 1 females exposed to 17 mGy/
h. There was a significant reduction in the number of
live embryos in the broods from the F sub 1 mated
pairs that were exposed to the lowest dose rate given,
0.19 mGy/h, as well as those exposed to 2.1 and 17
mGy/h. Also, increased percentages of abnormal em-
bryos were determined in the broods of all the radi-
ation-exposed groups. 39 refs., 10 figs., 15 tabs. (ERA
citation 14:013652)
Keywords: Life Span, "Low-Level Radioactive Wastes,
Mortality, Annelids, Biological Effects, Cobalt 60, Em-
bryos, Evaluation, Juveniles, Marine Disposal, Modifi-
cations, Mutations, Radiation Doses, Reproduction,
Statistical Data, ERDA/560152, ERDA/052002, "Bio-
logical radiation effects, "Neanthes arenaceodentata,
Invertebrates, Teratogenesis.
DE89008725/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Perspective on Human Exposure to PCDDs (Poly-
chlorinated dlb«nzo-p-dloxlns) and PCDFs (dlben-
zofurans) Emitted From Municipal Waste Combus-
tora.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
H. A. Hattemer-Frey, and C. C. Travis. 1989,15p
CONF-890422-1
Contract AC05-84OR21400
International conference on municipal waste combus-
tion, Hollywood, FL, USA, APRIL 11,1989.
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche
products.
This paper discusses the following key issues con-
cerning human exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-
dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) emitted
from modern municipal waste combustors (MWCs): (1)
Are MWCs the major source of PCDD/PCDF input into
the environment; (2) Are environmental concentra-
tions around MWCs substantially elevated relative to
background levels; and (3) Are MWCs the major
source of human exposure to PCDDs and PCDFs. Cur-
rent scientific evidence indicates that: (1) combustion
sources in general (including steel mills, copper melt-
ing plants, motor vehicles, hospital incinerators, and
MWCs) are major sources of PCDD/PCDF input in the
environment; (2) environmental concentrations of
PCDDs and PCDFs around operating MWCs are not
substantially elevated; and (3) 99% of human expo-
sure to PCDDs and PCDFs is from background envi-
ronmental contamination, even for individuals living
near a modern municipal waste combustor. 43 refs., 4
tabs.
Keywords: "Dioxin, "Furans, "Incinerators, Man, Air,
Ecological Concentration, Environmental Exposure,
Environmental Exposure Pathway, Fires, Food Chains,
Industrial Plants, Milk, Municipal Wastes, Paper Indus-
try, Public Health, Risk Assessment, Soils, Vehicles,
ERDA/560300, ERDA/570000, "Chlorinated hydro-
carbons, "Air pollution effects(Human).
DE89009134/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Summary ot Accidental Releases of Radioactivity
Detected off the Nevada Test Site, 1963-1986.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
R. G. Patzer, W. G. Phillips, R. F. Grossman, S. C.
Black, and C. F. Costa. Aug 88,61 p DOE/DP/00539-
059, EPA-600/8-87/054
Contract AI08-86NV10522
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche
products.
Of the more than 450 underground nuclear explosives
tests conducted at the Nevada Test Site from August
1963 (signing of the Limited Test Ban Treaty) through
the end of 1986, only 23 accidentally released radioac-
tivity that was detectable beyond the boundary of the
NTS. Of these 23, 4 were detectable off the NTS only
by aircraft while the remainder were detectable by
ground monitoring instruments. Since the Baneberry
venting of December 1970, only two tests released ra-
dioactivity that was detectable off the NTS, and this
was a seepage of radioactive noble gases. None of
these releases from underground tests designed for
complete containment caused exposure of the popula-
tion living in the area that exceeded standards recom-
mended Dy national and international radiation protec-
tion agencies. This report summarizes the releases
from each of the tests, describes the monitoring that
was conducted, and lists the location of the maximum
exposure. (ERA citation 14:023047)
Keywords: "Nuclear Weapons, "Underground Explo-
sions, Detection, Fallout, Historical Aspects, Nevada
Test Site, Radiation Monitoring, Testing, ERDA/
450202, ERDA/510300, ERDA/500300, "Radioactive
contaminants.
DE89011065/HSU	PC A10/MF A01
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.
Limiting Value* of Radionuclide Intake and Air
Concentration and Dose Conversion Factors for
Inhalation, Submersion, and Ingestion: Federal
Guidance Report No. 11.
Office of Radiation Programs, Washington, DC.
K. F. Eckerman, A. B. Wolbarst, and A. C. B.
Richardson. Sep 88,223p EPA-520/1 -68-020
Contract AC05-840R21400
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche
products.
Radiation protection programs for workers are based,
in the United States, on a hierarchy of limitations stem-
ming from Federal guidance approved by the Presi-
dent. This guidance, which consists of principles, poli-
cies, and numerical primary guides, is used by Federal
agencies as the basis for developing and implement-
ing their own regulatory standards. The primary guides
are usually expressed in terms of limiting doses to
workers. The protection of workers against taking ra-
dioactive materials into the body, however, is accom-
plished largely through the use of regulations based on
derived guides expressed in terms of quantities or con-
centrations of radionuclides. The values of these de-
rived guides are chosen so as to assure that workers in
work environments that conform to them are unlikely
to receive radiation doses that exceed the primary
guides. The purpose of the present report is to set
forth derived guides that are consistent with current
Federal radiation protection guidance. They are in-
tended to serve as the basis for regulations setting
upper bounds on the inhalation and ingestion of, and
submersion in, radioactive materials in the workplace.
The report also includes tables of exposure-to-dose
conversion factors, for general use in assessing aver-
age individual committed doses in any population that
is adequately characterized by Reference Man. 38
refs. (ERA citation 14:029380)
Keywords: "Dose Equivalents, "Radiation Protection,
Compliance, Dose Limits, Evaluation, Ingestion, Inha-
lation, Occupational Safety, Planning, Radioactive Ma-
terials, Reference Man, Regulations, ERDA/500300,
ERDA/510300.
DE90005358/HSU	PC A12/MF A02
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Comparing risks from low-level radioactive waste
disposal on land and In the ocean: A review of
agreements/statutes, scenarios, processing/
packaging/disposal technologies, models, and
decision analysis methods.
Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA.
Oct 89, 257p UCRL-21219, EPA-520/1 -89-028
Contract W-7405-ENG-48
Sponsored by Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Portions of this document are illegible in microfiche
products.
This report gives background information on: The his-
tory of LLW disposal in the US; agreements, statutes
and regulations for the disposal of LLW; disposal sce-
narios and alternative treatment options for LLW;
methods and models which could be used to assess
and compare risks associated with land and ocean op-
tions for LLW disposal; technical and methodological
issues associated with comparing risks of different op-
tions; and, roles of decision making approaches in
comparing risks across media. 63 refs., 23 figs., 33
tabs.
Keywords: "Ground Disposal, Hazards, "Marine Dis-
posal, 'Radioactive Waste Disposal, "Radioactive
Waste Management, Comparative Evaluations, Deci-
sion Making, Health Hazards, Historical Aspects, Low-
Level Radioactive Wastes, Political Aspects, "Radio-
active Waste Processing, Radioactive Waste Storage,
Regulations, "Risk Assessment, Technology Assess-
ment, Transport, EDB/052002, EDB/053000, EDB/
290600, EDB/290300.
DE9O603913/HSU	PC A03/MF A01
Analytical Procedures for the Determination of
Strontium Radionuclides In Environmental Mated-
ale. Aquatic Environment Protection: Analytical
Methods.
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Lowestoft
(England). Directorate of Fisheries Research.
B. R. Harvey, R. D. Ibbett, M. B. Lovett, and K. J.
Williams. 1989,33p MAFF-AEPAM-5
U.S. Sales Only.
As part of its statutory role in the authorisation, moni-
toring and research relating to radioactive wastes dis-
charged into the aquatic environment, the Aquatic En-
vironment Protection Division of the Directorate of
Fisheries Research (DFR), Lowestoft routinely carries
out analyses for a substantial number of radionuclides
in a wide range of environmental materials. The Minis-
try of a Agriculture, Fisheries and Food has for many
years required information about the concentrations of
strontium radionuclides in waters, sediments and bio-
logical materials. There are not absolute standard
methods for such radiochemical analysis; indeed none
are required because methodology lis continually de-
veloping. A very considerable amount of expertise has
been developed in the analysis of radiostrontium at the
Laboratory since the late 1950s, when detailed analy-
sis first commenced, and the procedures described in
this report have been developed and tested over a
long period of time with a view to achieving the highest
analytical quality. Full details of the practical, analytical
and computational procedures, as currently used, are
given in the Appendix. (Atomindex citation 20:074619)
Keywords: "Environmental Materials, "Mass Spectros-
copy, 'Radiometric Analysis, Isotope Ratio, Strontium
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EPA REPORTS BIBLIOGRAPHY
89, Strontium 90, "Foreign technology, ERDA/
400102, ERDA/510300, "Radioactive wastes, "Water
pollution, Sediments, Biological accumulation.
DOE/DP/00S39-040/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, las Vegas, NV.
Office of Radiation Programs.
Selected Radioisotopes In Animal Tissues In
Nevada: Exp 90 Sr and exp 137 Cs Measurements
from 1956 to 1977.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
NV.
D. D. Smith, and V. E. Andrews. Apr 81,59p EPA/600/
3-81-027
Contract AI08-76DP00539
Since 1956 the Animal Investigation Program (AIP) has
been conducting surveillance of domestic and wild ani-
mals on and around the Nevada Test Site (NTS) and
assessing the radionuclide burdens present in their tis-
sues and any resulting pathological effects. Other AIP
objectives were to investigate alleged dosage to ani-
mals, to maintain public information contacts with the
off-site population, and to conduct special ad hoc in-
vestigations. Most of the radionuclide burden data and
the AlP's history and evolution have been published in
the annual reports of this program. Additional unpub-
lished data were gleaned from the AIP historical files.
This rather substantial body of radiological data has
been reviewed and analyzed for trends with time and
source of exposure. Because of the volume of data,
only a summary has been included in the appendices
of this report. The complete data are available in the
AIP file for further study. (ERA citation 81:026195)
Keywords: "Nevada test site, "Radioisotopes, Cesium
137, Data compilation, Domestic animals, Radiation
doses, Radioecological concentration, Strontium 90,
Tissues, Wild animals, ERDA/510302, ERDA/560152.
DOE/DP/00539-042/HSU	PC A04/MF A01
Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, NV.
Office of Radiation Programs.
Animal Investigation Program: Nevada Test Site
and Vicinity. Annual Report, 1979.
Environmental Monitoring Systems Lab., Las Vegas,
D. D. Smith, Giles, Jr., and D. E. Bernhardt. May 81,
72p EPA/600/3-81-035
Contract AI08-76DP00539
Data are presented from the radioanalyses of tissues
collected from cattle, mule deer, desert bighorn sheep,
rabbits, chukar, golden eagles, and other wildlife that
resided on or near the Nevada Test Site during 1979.
Routine and special activities of the Animal Investiga-
tion Program are also discussed. Other than the natu-
rally occurring potassium-40, gamma-emitting radionu-
clides were detected infrequently. Strontium-90 con-
centrations in bones from deer, cattle, and desert big-
horn sheep were lower than those of recent years. Trit-
ium concentrations were generally within expected en-
vironmental limits with the exception of animals ex-
posed to known sources of contamination; e.g., drain-
age ponds from Area 12 tunnels or the Sedan Crater.
Plutonium levels in all tissues from all species showed
little variation to those levels in samples collected in
recent years. Radionuclide tissue concentrations were
generally higher in the tissues of animals residing in
Area 15 than in similar animals collected from other
Nevada Test Site areas. Hypothetical annual dose es-
timates to man were calculated on the basis of the
daily consumption of 0.5 kiiogra of liver or muscle from
animals that contained peak radionuclide levels. The
movements of 25 mule deer outfitted with collars con-
taining a radio transmitter unit were monitored on a
weekly basis. No gross or microscopic lesions were
found in necropsied animals that could be directly at-
tributed to the effects of ionizing radiation. (ERA cita-
tion 81:026196)
Keywords: 'Deer, "Nevada test site, "Radioisotopes,
"Tissues, Behavior, Data compilation, Environmental
exposure pathway, Radiation doses, Radioassay, Ra-
dioecological concentration, Wild animals, ERDA/
510302, ERDA/560152, ERDA/290600, ERDA/
290300.
EPA-CI-77-0198/HSU	PC A07/MF A01
Integrated Energy Systems Monitoring Municipal
Wastewater Treatment Plant, Wilton, Maine.
Wright-Pierce, Topsham, ME.
D. F. Fuller, A. J. Lisa, D. A. Wilke, and P. L. Thomas.
May 80,131p
A project was initiated to monitor the performance of
several alternative energy systems installed in the mu-
nicipal waste water treatment plant in Wilton, Maine.
These systems include: active and passive solar, efflu-
ent heat recovery, digester gas generation, air-to-air
heat recovery, and electricity generation using digester
gas. The plant has been operational since September
of 1978. To accomplish the monitoring, an instrumen-
tation system has been installed and data collected
since the end of May 1979. This instrumentation
system includes: solar pyronometers, hydronic Btu
computers, electrical and gas meters, a weather sta-
tion, and numerous temperature transmitters. Data for
the solar and digester systems are available in both
digital and analog forms. This report is based on data
collected from June 1, 1979 to April 1, 1980 with di-
gester gas production monitoring available during a
two-week period in April. Specific data are summarized
for information on solar Insolation; active and passive
solar systems; the effluent heat pump; the generator
heat recovery system; digester gas system; and ex-
haust air heat recovery. The evaluation of the perform-
ance of the various energy systems in Wilton, their
construction and operating costs, and evaluation of
the relative cost-effectiveness of the Wilton design ap-
plied to other waste water treatment facilities of vari-
ous capabilities has led to the formulation of a hypoth-
esis wnic, although not conclusively proven through
this work, has much evidence to support it. That is, that
solar thermal energy collection combined with anaero-
bic sludge digestion for the purpose of producing a net
excess of digester gas be used as a fuel is not cost-ef-
fective, regardless of size or location of the facility.
(ERA citation 05:037078)
Keywords: "Waste processing plants, "Waste water,
Anaerobic digestion, Data acquisition, Economics, Effi-
ciency, Energy conservation, Energy demand, Feasi-
bility studies, Heat recovery, Insolation, Maine, Moni-
toring, Municipal wastes, Operation, Performance,
Sludges, Solar process heat, Solar water heaters,
Waste processing, ERDA/420900, ERDA/140905,
ERDA/320604, ERDA/290800.
EPA-460/3-74-012b/HSU	PC A13/MF A01
Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Alternative Fuels for Automotive Transportation:
A Feasibility Study. Volume II. Technical Section.
Institute of Gas Technology, Chicago, IL.
J. Pangborn, and J. Gillis. Jul 74,283p
Contract 68-01-2111
For abstract, see NSA 0000
Keywords: "Automotive fuels, Chemical properties,
Coal, Combustion, Energy demand, Energy sources,
Energy supplies, Feasibility studies, Gasoline, Hydro-
carbons, Hydrogen fuels, Methanol, Nuclear fuels, Pe-
troleum, Physical properties, Shale oil, Synthetic fuels,
ERDA/330800, ERDA/090200, ERDA/080600.
Juel-Conf-28/HSU	PC A21/MF A01
Kernforschungsanlage Juelich G.m.b.H. (Germany,
F.R.). Projektleitung Energieforschung.
Proceedings of the First Workshop of Particulate
Control.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Office of Research and Development.
Jan 79,496p CONF-7803111-
Workshop of particulate control, Julich, F.R. Germany,
16 Mar 1978.
Twnety-four papers were presented at the meeting. A
separate abstract was prepared for each papers.
Keywords: "Air pollution control, "Pollution control
equipment, Particles, "Meetings, Leading abstract,
Flue gas, Cleaning, "Foreign technology, ERDA/
424000, ERDA/200200.
NUREG-1250/HSU	PC A08/MF A01
Report on the Accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear
Power Station.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC.
Jan 87,154p*
Prepared in cooperation with Department of Energy,
Washington, DC., Electric Power Research Inst., Palo
Alto, CA., Environmental Protection Agency, Washing-
ton, DC., and Federal Emergency Management
Agency, Washington, DC.
The report presents the compilation of information ob-
tained by various organizations regarding the accident
(and the consequences of the accident) that occurred
at Unit 4 of the nuclear power station at Chernobyl in
the USSR on April 26, 1986. Each organization has in-
dependently accepted responsibility for one or more
chapters. The various authors are identified in a foot-
note to each chapter. Chapter 1 provides an overview
of the report. Very briefly the other chapters cover:
Chapter 2, the design of the Chernobyl nuclear station
Unit 4; Chapter 3, safety analyses for Unit 4; Chapter 4,
the accident scenario; Chapter 5, the role of the opera-
tor; Chapter 6, an assessment of the radioactive re-
lease, dispersion, and transport; Chapter 7, the activi-
ties associated with emergency actions; and Chapter
8, information on the health and environmental conse-
quences from the accident. These subjects cover the
major aspects of the accident that have the potential
to present new information and lessons for the nuclear
industry in general.
Keywords: "Nuclear reactor accidents, "Nuclear
power plants, Fires, Graphite, USSR, "Chernobylsk -4
reactor, "Meltdown, Fission product release, Environ-
mental transport, LWGR type reactors, Radiation
doses, Radionuclide migration, Chernobyl reactor.
N90-24864/2/HSU
(Order as N90-24853/5/HSU, PC A14/MF
A02)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
Washington, DC.
When Propfans Cruise, Will LDN 86 Fly.
Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
F. Mlntz, and W. Dickerson. Apr 90,12p
In NASA, Langley Research Center, FAA/NASA en
Route Noise Symposium p 195-206.
The type and extent of response that may be expected
from the persons exposed to the noise of propfans
cruising overhead is examined. The cruise mode is of
particular interest because it appears that it is in this
mode that the propfan airplane noise differs substan-
tially from the noise of present jet-powered airplanes.
Early test data on propfan engines suggests that noise
levels on the ground under the flight track of commer-
cial propfan transports may approach 65 decibels. To
explore the reaction of the exposed population to re-
peated noise levels of this magnitude, it may be helpful
to review some of the pertinent literature on the effects
of environmental noise.
Keywords: "Aircraft noise, "Flight paths, "Prop-fan
technology, "Propeller fans, "Propeller noise,
"Routes, Ground tracks, Noise intensity, Transport ve-
hicles.
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